bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on prescribing pattern and medication adherence in elderly COPD and bronchial asthma patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: D. Anbu , Grace Benimana , K. Manna P. , K. Babu Raj
Published: November 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma are common among elderly people and have become a major public health concern of today. The purpose of this study is to identify the prescription pattern and role of medication adherence in the COPD and bronchial asthma. Prescription pattern monitoring (PPMS) are mainly focus on prescribing, dispensing, administering of drugs they promote appropriate use of monitored drugs and reduction of abuse/misuse.Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted at department of medicine in Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. A total of 90 patients were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and the data was collected using designed data collection form.Results: Out of 90 patients, male (81.10%) and female (18.90%) are reported with COPD and bronchial asthma. On prevalence 57 (63.34%) of patients with co-morbidities and without co-morbidities 33 (36.66%). Among co-morbidity patients, 38.90% of patients has type-2 diabetes mellitus. PPA indicate that cephalosporins (46.68%), macrolides (38.88%) class of antibiotic are used prominently along with corticosteroids of hydrocortisone 47 (62.66%) and prednisolone 28 (37.34%). 47 (62.66%) patients received expectorants and anti-tussive in that, Ipratropium bromide + levosalbutamol (50%) are commonly prescribed.Conclusions: This study concludes that COPD and bronchial asthma was most predominant in elderly patients and its treated with mainly antibiotics and corticosteroids with bronchodilators in the way of inhalers and nebulizers. The rational use of drugs and patient counselling reflects a better medication adherence.
Discarded old antibiotics as a new arsenal for multi-resistant isolates in diabetic foot ulcer infections: therapeutic value of parenteral colistin versus multi-resistant Pseudomonas species isolate strains: case report
Authors: Shabhay Ahmed , Horumpende Pius , Mwakyembe Theresia , Mshana Stephen E. , Shabhay Zarina , Salewi Anande , Chilonga Kondo , Msuya David , Chilonga Jaffu O. , Baal Jeff Van , Chugulu Samwel
Published: November 2021

Antimicrobial resistance to current novel antibiotics is posing a major threat to both human and zoonotic life. In the absence of new novel antibiotics molecules, clinicians have resorted into a desperate last resort to review and re-introduce prior discarded antibiotics as their new weaponry in the fight against multi-resistant gram negative bacteria. We reported a case of a 77 year old bed ridden diabetic and hypertensive with renal impairment diagnosed with bilateral lower limbs wet gangrene. She underwent transfemoral on her right and transtibial amputation on her left lower limb. She developed surgical site infection on her right stump and wet gangrene on her left stump. Pus swab on her right stump revealed carbapenem resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. She was instituted on parenteral colistin and showed no bacterial growth 7 days post treatment. She suffered an ischaemic cerebral vaso-occlusive stroke during her hospital stay. CT angiography of lower lung fields showed a large filling defect in the right main pulmonary artery extending to the lower lobe branches suggestive of right-sided pulmonary embolism. Our patient succumbed from her co-morbidities. Despite our patient succumbing to her multiple co-morbidities we reported this case to highlight the isolation of carbapenem resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and the efficacy and safety of colistin as a salvage antibiotic in renal impaired patients. Colistin can be safely used as a last reserve antibiotic for multi-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa infection even in patients with renal impairment.
Sociodemographic determinants of internet use and its impact on family planning behavior among young male in Ethiopia: evidence from EDHS 2016
Authors: Yesuf Kedir Abdu
Published: November 2021

Background: Internet was preferred source of health information to retrieve relevant information. The study investigated sociodemographic determinants of internet and its impact on family planning behavior among young male in Ethiopia, 2016.

Methods: The study was based on data from Ethiopia health and demographic survey 2016. The sample size was 4550 male youth age between 15-24 years include in EDHS 2016. Multilevel logistic regression was used to determine sociodemographic factor associated with internet utilization. The impact of internet use on family planning behaviors was assessed by propensity score matching using average treatment effect.

Results: The magnitude of internet use in Ethiopia was 14% and factor associated with internet use included age between 20-24 years (AOR=0.60; CI=0.46-0.79), urban resident (AOR=3.94; CI=2.75-5.64), higher educational level (AOR=12.98; CI=2.69-62.66), lived in city administrative region (AOR=2.18; CI=1.46-3.28), respondent own mobile phone (AOR=8.00; CI=95.58-11.48), respondent who able to read whole sentence (AOR=4.04; CI=2.54-6.44) and respondent who has computer in household (AOR=2.03, CI=1.22-3.40) more likely to use internet. In other hand respondent occupation of agricultural and manual has 56% (AOR=0.44; CI=0.3-0.61) and 46% (AOR=54, CI=0.36-0.81) less likely to use internet. The average treatment impact of internet use on exposure to internet about FP, male condom uses and knowledge about FP increase by 12%, 7.2% and 4.5% percent point respectively.

Conclusions: In spite of fast-growing nature of internet and popularity among youth people. In the future, integrating health information to different platforms on the internet will be a most effective way of health promotion.
Effects of earthquake on senior citizens of Shankharapur municipality, Kathmandu district of Nepal
Authors: Koirala Nigam , Sunuwar Sushmita Mukhiya
Published: November 2021

Background: Senior citizens can face difficult situation in the immediate consequences of unpleasant disaster because of their physical vulnerabilities. Mortality rate of elderly is comparatively higher than younger individuals and are at risk of social isolation following natural disasters, as their reactions are not fast and they might be unable or unwilling to evacuate from their homes. To assess the effects of earthquake on senior citizens of Shankharapur municipality, Kathmandu district of Nepal.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 115 senior citizens, Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20 and the descriptive statistics were reported.  

Results: The study found that majority (94%) of the senior citizens stayed outside in temporary shelter after earthquake for more than a month (35%) with less than 5 minutes distance (70%) from an original house after earthquake. 35% of the respondents faced problem due to leakage of rain water and suffered cold while staying in temporary shelter after earthquake. Among the total respondents majority (92%) of the respondent’s house was cracked or collapsed after earthquake where only 30% of the respondents went for reconstruction or maintenance and  majority 91% spend their own money from pocket for maintenance.

Conclusions: This study found that shifting to temporary shelter after earthquake and loss of economy due to cracked or collapse of house after earthquake as a major effect on senior citizens of Shankharapur municipality, Kathmandu district after earthquake.
The concept of an ideal society in the works of Alexander Bogdanov
Authors: Loktionov Mikhail
Published: November 2021

In the work of any political philosopher and thinker, one can always find not only his ideas of the structure of society, but also a certain goal of its development, what we call a social ideal. It is not always clearly written out and precisely formulated, but even in the absence of straight-forward appeals to it, it is invisibly present in the entire work of the author. In the case of Alexander Bogdanov, we can say that his social ideal is formulated in the novel "Red Star". The purpose of the article is to show its historical roots and the difference from other Bolshevik concepts.
La visa humanitaria para los venezolanos en el Perú, simil al caso peruano en Argentina. Análisis y comentarios
Authors: Olivares Ramón Fabio
Published: November 2021

En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis de la migración venezolana al Perú, los derechos humanos a los que no tienen acceso los migrantes y la discriminación que sufren en su día a día por parte de la población y del propio gobierno con sus políticas públicas, específicamente la implementación de la visa humanitaria, solicitada a los migrantes venezolanos para ingresar al territorio peruano. Para comprender ello de mejor forma, se compara el actual caso venezolano con la migración peruana de los últimos años hacia la República Argentina.
Historieta digital pandémica
Authors: Drogui Amábile Piacentine , Cristovão Vera Lúcia Lopes , Vetterli Nuesch Enrique
Published: November 2021

En la sociedad contemporánea, marcada por conflictos de órdenes diversos y por concepciones ideológicas pronunciadas, circula una infinidad de textos, los que, por sus idiosincrasias, se hacen objeto de análisis de la Lingüística Aplicada. En esta coyuntura, la pandemia de Covid-19 planteó innumerables reflexiones acerca de la acción docente, la importancia del profesor y la invisibilidad de gran parte de su labor. En este contexto, una de las autoras del presente artículo elaboró una historieta digital con el título “El tiempo de clase”, que circula en redes sociales con un considerable índice de interacciones en Facebook. En este artículo se objetiva describir, analizar e interpretar la sobredicha historieta teniendo en cuenta su carácter multimodal. La investigación se hace bajo el paradigma interpretativista. A partir de los estudios de la Semiótica Social y de la Multimodalidad se interpretan y analizan los diferentes modos de lenguaje que componen la historieta así como las interacciones por ella desencadenadas. Los resultados hacen evidente la importancia de los recursos multimodales para la construcción de sentido y de la adecuación de los textos a los diferentes medios de difusión
Детерминанты здоровья детей дошкольного возраста с позиций формирования культуры питания
Authors: Бейсембаев Г.Б. , Баубекова Г.Д. , Тукбекова Б.Т. , Тарджибаева С.К.
Published: November 2021

В статье на основе анализа исследований ученых представлены принципы формирования здорового питания. Выявлен потенциал здорового питания и определено значение формирования культуры питания детей.
Психологическая подготовка сотрудников полиции к участию в специальных операциях по пресечению деятельности преступных групп террористической направленности: методический аспект
Authors: Павлов И.М.
Published: November 2021

В статье освещен вопрос о специфике психологической подготовки сотрудников полиции, принимающих участие в специальных операциях по пресечению деятельности преступных групп террористической направленности. В статье определяются задачи такой подготовки, а также анализируются возможные формы и способы осуществления такой подготовки в органах внутренних дел России. Автор предлагает возможные приемы психологического закаливания сотрудников полиции для подготовки их к выполнению служебных задач в условиях повышенного риска.
Факторы, влияющие на посещаемость занятий в вузе
Authors: Пшеунова Л.И. , Кубанова М.Я.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные факторы, причины, влияющие на учебную посещаемость обучающихся, повышение заинтересованности обучающихся в хорошей посещаемости и учебе. В анализе представлены критерии и типы учебной посещаемости занятий, прямая зависимость успеваемости обучающихся от учебной посещаемости занятий.
Осмысление жизни как личностный аспект самоопределения в раннем юношеском возрасте
Authors: Хасабова К.А.
Published: November 2021

В статье обсуждается проблема психологических предпосылок становления мировоззрения в юношеском возрасте. Рассматриваются возрастные и психологические особенности осмысления жизни как личностного аспекта самоопределения в раннем юношеском возрасте. Анализируются психологические предпосылки формирования мировоззрения личности в юношеском возрасте.
Раскрытие выразительного потенциала симфонического оркестра в европейском музыкальном искусстве XIX века
Authors: Раев А.А.
Published: November 2021

В статье обобщаются результаты исследования тенденций развития русской и европейской оркестровых школ XIX века. Автором выявлены особенности оркестровки сочинений композиторов школ XIX века сквозь призму художественно-эстетических принципов данных школ, обоснована взаимосвязь характера оркестровки с фундаментальными традициями и новациями музыкального русского и европейского искусства.
Whistleblowing in Hungary
Authors: Kun Attila
Published: November 2021

The aim of this chapter is to take a general account of the past and current practices, experiences and challenges of whistleblowing legislation and whistleblower protection in Hungary. The emphasis will be put on the critical analysis of the currently effective regulatory environment of whistleblowing and whistleblower protection in Hungary, with specific regard to labour law aspects. Furthermore, the context, prospects and basic requirements of the future implementation of the EU Directive will also be highlighted. In this vein, Section 2 sketches the historical, societal and constitutional context. Section 3, as the central part of this study, examines in detail the currently effective legislative framework of whistleblowing in Hungary. Section 4 deals specifically with the labour law-related aspects of whistleblowing, while Section 5 takes a brief look into other related fields of law (including anti-discrimination, criminal law, and trade secrets). Section 6 considers recent and relevant critical opinions and motions for reform. Section 7 looks into the possible challenges and the main tentative tasks of the upcoming transposition of the Directive into Hungarian law. Finally, Section 8 draws some broad, general conclusions.
Typomorphism of сhromespinelides from the Holocene psephites of the Kyvvozhskoye gold-placer field (Volsko-Vymskaya ridge, Middle Timan)
Authors:   Institute of Geology FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Glukhov Yu. V. , Makeev B. A. , Sokerin M. Yu.
Published: November 2021

The results of the study of accessory chrome spinels from heavy mineral concentrates of gold-bearing psephites of the Kyvvozhsky gold-placer field (Volsko-Vymskaya ridge, Middle Timan) are presented. As a result of the study of the typochemistry of chromspinelides, their genetic relationship with rocks of mainly alkaline-ultrabasic composition — analogues of Timanian Late-Riphean-Vendian ultramafites and Early-Middle Devonian alnoites is substantiated. The formation of magmatic sources of chrome spinels occurred in a wide range of geotectonic settings — from passive (platform) to active (island-arc subduction zones), which are more characteristic of the bulk of chrome spinels. The crystallization of chrome spinels, found as microinclusions in lherzolite pyropes in the same shlich samples of the Kyvvozhskaya gold-bearing area, is associated with the conditions of rift zones (spreading of the seabed). We made a conclusion about probable local (intra-valley) position of main magmatic sources of chrome spinels. The revealed chrome spinels, containing microinclusions of nickel and copper sulfides, are considered by the authors as indicators of igneous rocks containing platinum group minerals.
Amphiboles of high-pressure metabasites of the Mica hill region (Polar Urals, Marun-Keu range) from the collection of A. A. Chernov Geological museum
Authors:   Institute of Geology FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Astakhova I. S.
Published: November 2021

The results of studies of amphiboles of high-pressure metabasites of the Mica hill region (Polar Urals) from the museum collection have been presented. The presence of obsolete names of amphiboles (carinthine) in the names of rocks makes the study of this group of minerals relevant. The specific identity of amphiboles was confirmed according to the new nomenclature. The analytical studies were based on optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray and spectroscopic methods. The detailed mineralogical-petrographic researches were resulted in discovery of amphibole apoeclogite blastomilonite, quartz-omphacite-amphibole-kyanite and amphibole-quartz-garnet eclogitoids. Iron-containing tschermakite was found in the matrix of amphibole apoeclogite blastomilonites, magnesiohornblendite and barroisite were found in porphyroblasts. Magnesiohornblendite was found in quartz-omphacite-amphibole-kyanite-containing eclogitoids, magnesiotaramite was determined in veinlets. Barroisite and large-crystalline magnesiotaramite were found in amphibole-quartz-garnet eclogitoids. The identified amphiboles testify to the fact that amphiboles of different chemical groups may be present in one type of high-pressure metabasites.
Religiosity of students of Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University: the experience of sociological research
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University n.a. I.N. Ulyanov, Udiatullov A.K.
Published: November 2021

Presented is analysis of religiosity of students of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, by which the author understands a complex category that includes religious and confessional self-identification, a set of institutional religious ideas, the degree of involvement in real religious practice and syncretic formations that arose in the course of interfaith and intercultural interaction. The empirical base of the study was made up of materials from a mass Internet survey, in which 1316 people took part — students studying in various specialties. The choice of students of the Ulyanovsk pedagogical university as an object of research is due to the specificity of the world outlook of student youth, the strengthening of the role of religion in the system of domestic higher education in the last decade, as well as the specificity of the Ulyanovsk region in ethno-confessional terms. In terms of confessional affiliation, 68.2% identified themselves as Christianity, 15.7% as Islam. In addition, 47.6% of the respondents consider themselves to be believers. At the same time, a relatively small part of the respondents demonstrates a high degree of involvement in religious life. In particular, only 2% of the Christians surveyed attend church every week. In addition, the study revealed that among some of the respondents non-institutional religious beliefs associated with magic, as well as beliefs associated with the influence of other religions, appear in their religious consciousness. For example, some Muslims consider Jesus to be God, which can be explained by the influence of Christian culture.
Gender specifics of experiencing a midlife crisis by University staff
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Institute of Psychology and Social Work, Musina V.P.
Published: November 2021

Researched are gender characteristics of experiencing a midlife crisis among university teachers. Empirically reveals the gender specifics of the parameters of the experience of the crisis: the severity of the crisis and crisis events, as well as in the perception of the time perspective and perception of subjective age. Research methods are testing and statistical analysis. Based on the data obtained, recommendations are offered on psychological assistance to young university teachers who are experiencing a midlife crisis.
Resíduos agroindustriais como substrato para cultivo indoor de cogumelos comestíveis da espécie Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Carvalho Pedro Ítalo Alves de , Sales Maria Rebeca Brandão , Aragão Neto Jaime Conrado , Ferreira Francisco Valdicélio
Published: November 2021

Cogumelos são definidos como macrofungos pertencentes ao reino Fungi e filo Basidiomycota que tem como principal função a decomposição da matéria orgânica. Além de sua função ecológica, estes são considerados como alimentos de elevado valor nutricional e medicinal. De acordo com o exposto, objetivamos aqui padronizar o cultivo indoor de cogumelos comestíveis das linhagens de Pleurotus ostreatus Branco (POB) e Pleurotus ostreatus Preto (POP) com a utilização de resíduos agroindustriais (bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e raspas de madeira) como substrato. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a colonização do substrato difere quanto ao tipo de acondicionamento e a quantidade de substrato. Foi observado que o cultivo contendo substrato em razão de (1:1) em frascos de vidro reutilizáveis evidenciou maior padronização e qualidade quando comparadas à utilização de sacos de polipropileno, além de apresentar maior homogeneidade da cultura entre as linhagens. A linhagem de POP apresentou produtividade de 14% e eficiência biológica de 16,47%, quando comparada a linhagem de POB que obteve produtividade de 12% e eficiência biológica de 14,11%. Concluiu-se que a técnica foi satisfatória visto produtividade de P. ostreatus está diretamente ligada a qualidade de substrato, contudo, a utilização de temperaturas controladas pode favorecer ao melhor rendimento e eficiência biológica.
Analysing Discussions Around Rural Health on Twitter During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ahmed Wasim , Vidal-Alaball Josep , Vilaseca Llobet Josep Maria
Published: November 2021

Individuals from rural areas are increasingly using social media as a means of communication, receiving information, or actively complaining of inequalities and injustices. This study captured 57 days’ worth of Twitter data from June to August 2021 related to rural health using English language keywords. The study utilised social network analysis and natural language processing to analyse the data. It was found that Twitter served as a fruitful platform to raise awareness of problems faced by those living in rural areas. Overall, Twitter was utilised in rural areas to express complaints, to debate, and share information. Twitter could be leveraged as a powerful social listening tool for individuals and organisations who want to gain insight into popular narratives around rural health.
3D Printed SiOC(N) Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: Improved Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Yang Yuejiao , Kulkarni Apoorv , Soraru Gian Domenico , Pearce Joshua M , Motta Antonella
Published: November 2021

Bone tissue engineering has developed significantly in recent years as the increasing demand for bone substitutes due to trauma, cancer, arthritis, and infections. The scaffolds for bone regeneration need to be mechanically stable and have a 3D architecture with interconnected pores. With the advances in additive manufacturing technology, these requirements can be fulfilled by 3D printing scaffolds with controlled geometry and porosity using a low-cost multistep process. The scaffolds, however, must also be bioactive to promote the environment for the cells to regenerate into bone tissue. To determine if a low-cost 3D printing method for bespoke SiOC(N) porous structures can regenerate bone these structures were tested for osteointegration potential by using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). This includes checking the general biocompatibilities under the osteogenic differentiation environment (cell proliferation and metabolism). Moreover, cell morphology was observed by confocal microscopy and gene expressions on typical osteogenic markers at different stages for bone formation were determined by real-time PCR. The results of the study showed the pore size of the scaffolds had a significant impact on differentiation. A certain range of pore size could stimulate osteogenic differentiation, thus promoting bone regrowth and regeneration.
The lapbook as an innovative way to organize learning activities in elementary schools
Authors: Mykolayivna Androsova Natalia , Volodumurivna Kinakh Nelia , Mykolayivna Demchenko Yulia , Svitlana Antoshchuk , Grigorivna Kindei Lesia
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the views of scientists on the use of lapbooking in elementary schools. It is found that the methodology of lapbooking allows you to unlock the potential of each student in the process of creating individual or more often collective work. In particular, the lapbook forms key skills and abilities, which are required by the educational vector of the New Ukrainian School. In addition, it takes into account cross-curricular learning and social competencies, which help each individual to become successful and adapt in society. The article proves that the use of Lapbooks is reasonable not only when studying a single topic, but also as a complex, systemic type of work, as close to the project and research activities as possible. It was found out that the introduction of lapbooking at different stages of studying subjects is effective, as it covers different types of activity: pair and group work; search methods and work with information (ability to work with sources, generalize and systematize, draw conclusions, formulate own statements concisely and informatively). It is noted that the technique of lapbooking can be applied as early as preschool age with a gradual complication of high school. Consequently, the general essence of lapbooking is systematized with the help of integrative diagrams and charts. It is determined that the educational industry must be flexible to timely respond to changes in society and provide the professional market with specialists, successful and active citizens who are able not only to adapt, but also to realize themselves. The innovativeness of the lapbooking method is that it combines different areas of activity simultaneously: informational, research, design, communicative, creative, technological, aesthetic. The results of the study allow us to recommend lapbooking as the main method of work in elementary school (when studying any topic or academic subject).
Spontaneous Regression of Multiple Pulmonary Metastasis of Sacral Chordoma
Authors: Takagi Kaito , Nagano Akihito , Tsugita Masanori , Nishimoto Yutaka , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Akiyama Haruhiko
Published: November 2021

Case:

A 53-year-old man was referred to our institution for the treatment of sacral chordoma and underwent a wide resection. Multiple lung metastases were observed in both the lungs, a year after the surgery, and the diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy. The patient refused treatment, and the lesions continued to increase in size gradually. However, 3 years and 6 months after the surgery, computed tomography of both the lungs showed spontaneous regression of the lesions without any obvious causes. The metastatic lung lesions had disappeared at the final follow-up, 7 years and 5 months after the multiple pulmonary metastases were diagnosed.

Conclusion:

We report the first case of spontaneous regression of pathologically proven pulmonary metastases of a sacral chordoma.
Next Generation Oilfield on-Site Trace Chemicals Analysis by SERS
Authors: Liu Zhengwei , Murugesan Sankaran , Ramachandran Sunder , Jin Peng
Published: November 2021

Accurate and precise monitoring of chemical additives in oilfield brine is an important aspect of oil and gas operations towards corrosion control and flow assurance. Many operators are required to monitor the residual concentrations of chemical additives in production systems at specific locations to monitor and troubleshoot factors affecting chemical deliverability and performance. However, residual measurements are extremely problematic due to many factors, including the surface active nature of the chemicals and high ionic strength of the brine. The error on residual measurements can often be over 100%. Residual measurement typically requires the collection of a water sample, which often needs to be transported to a centralized analytical laboratory. Analytical techniques used to measure residuals are based on several combinations of separation (e.g. chromatography, liquid-liquid extraction, etc.) and detection (e.g. various forms of spectroscopy). However, most of these methods lack portability and require tedious laboratory procedures located off-site. The current paper describes a nanotechnology-enabled Raman spectroscopy method developed and tested for monitoring chemical inhibitor residuals. Development of this technology with handheld instrumentation provides better detection and quantification of chemical additives in the field and reduces time and cost compared to sending samples to off-site laboratories for data collection.
Immune landscape evaluation of NSCLC clinical samples
Authors: Lehtiö Janne , Arslan Taner , Siavelis Ioannis , Pan Yanbo , Socciarelli Fabio , Berkovska Olena , Umer Husen M. , Mermelekas Georgios , Pirmoradian Mohammad , Jönsson Mats , Brunnström Hans , Brustugun Odd Terje , Purohit Krishna Pinganksha , Cunningham Richard , Asl Hassan Foroughi , Isaksson Sofi , Arbajian Elsa , Aine Mattias , Karlsson Anna , Kotevska Marija , Hanson Carsten Gram , Haakensen Vilde Drageset , Helland Åslaug , Tamborero David , Johansson Henrik J. , Branca Rui M. , Planck Maria , Staaf Johan , Orre Lukas M.
Published: November 2021

The associated publication reports proteogenomic analysis of non-small cell lung cancer, where we identified molecular subtypes with distinct immune evasion mechanisms and therapeutic targets, and validated our classification method in separate clinical cohorts. This protocol describes histological, tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS), and immunohistochemical evaluation of clinical samples. Specifically, immunohistochemistry was performed for PD-L1, CD3, and CD8 on tumor microarrays (TMAs) derived from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples.
American Robin (Turdus Migratorius) Blood Lead Levels May Reflect Elevated Soil Lead Levels: Further Consequences of the Flint Water Crisis
Authors: Zahor Dorothy Louise , Glynn Kenneth Joseph , Cornelius Jamie M.
Published: November 2021

High levels of pollutants often occur in urban environments and can pose a threat to human residents as well as local wildlife. The Flint, Michigan water crisis was caused by the corrosion of pipe infrastructure, resulting in high levels of lead (Pb) leaching into the drinking water. Irrigation with contaminated water may have introduced lead into the soil causing another source of exposure to humans as well as wildlife. A widespread songbird species, the American robin (Turdus migratorius), feeds heavily on earthworms and ingests large amounts of soil during foraging. This study investigated the impact of the Flint water crisis on American robin blood lead levels (BLL) during the breeding season in southeast MI by comparing BLL of birds captured at irrigated sites of Flint to those captured at unirrigated sites in Flint, irrigated sites in a nearby city (Ypsilanti) and rural sites. Robins captured at irrigated Flint sites had nearly double BLL compared to unirrigated Flint sites and all other control sites. Body condition declined with increasing BLL at these irrigated sites of Flint, suggesting a measurable fitness impact of lead at these levels. Because BLL in American robins is known to reflect soil lead levels and soil lead is a known driver of BLL in children, robins may act as a bioindicator for urban communities. Further research should determine the efficacy of using robin BLL as a bioindicator of soil lead and how lead might be impacting body condition and other long-term fitness metrics in urban wildlife.
Visible Light Active Nitrogen and Cobalt Co-doped TiO2 Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Javed Aroosa , QAMMAR Memoona , Khurram Rooha , Nisa Zaibun , Nasir Habib
Published: November 2021

A facile and room temperature approach to synthesize pure TiO2 and different variants of nirogen and cobalt co-doped TiO2 (CoN-TiO2) catalysts is reported in this study. The successful synthesis and crystalline phase analysis was carried out via X-ray diffraction (XRD) which confirmed anatase phase with tetragonal structure. The spherical morphology, uniform size distribution in the range of 20-40 nm and presence of dopants in final product were validated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is deployed for study of optical properties. A reduction in band gap from 3.2 eV for pure TiO2 nanoparticles to 2.34 eV for the 7 wt.%. doped CoN-TiO2 was observed. The photocatlytic activity of pure TiO2, and CoN-TiO2 nanoparticles was studied against methyl orange.The photocatlytic activity of CoN-TiO2 was almost double as compared to undoped TiO2 which proves these catalysts to be very efficient and potential candidate for the wastewater treatment at industrial level.
Computational, Pharmacological and Toxicological Approach of Repurposed Lamotrigine Schiff Base Derivatives for Reduction of Hormone-Positive Breast Tumor
Authors: Najm Saima , Naureen Humaira , Anwar Fareeha , Khan Muhammad Mubbashir , Ali Rabia
Published: November 2021

Background and objectives: Breast cancer presents high morbidity among women with various treatment challenges. This study aims to evaluate the repurposed lamotrigine schiff base metal (LTG-SB-M) coordinates against in-vitro MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and in-vivo N-methylnitrosourea (NMU)-persuaded toxicity of rats’ mammary gland. Method: In-silico computational analysis and in vitro cytotoxic studies on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines was executed to build up the assumptions. In-vivo NMU-induced anticancer potential was assessed in forty Wistar rats; assigned into five groups of 8 rats each. Group I served as normal control and received normal saline, Group II received NMU (50 mg/kg), Group III received tamoxifen, whereas; Group IV and V received LTG-SB-M derivative (LAC3, LBC3) at dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, for 15 consecutive days. Intraperitoneal injection of NMU (single dose) was given at the age of 5, 9 and 13 weeks to the rats with the three week interval. For all experimental animals; biochemical markers were assessed. DNA strand breakage alongside the hormonal profile of estrogen and progesterone was also estimated. Results: All tested compounds present significant activity against MCF-7 cell lines in vitro and NMU-induced mammary tumor in vivo. The in vivo results of tested compounds present a significant decrease in weight of organ; with reinstated renal and hepatic enzymes. Histological analysis revealed strong countenance of proteins, estrogen, and progesterone in NMU-treated rats. Conclusion: These results suggest that LTG-SB-M complex can be used as better anticancer agent against breast cancer.
Study on Competency Elements of Excellent Front-Line Health Inspector Based on BEI
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhou Chunhong , Chen Xiaoling , Yan Yuzhong
Published: November 2021

Background: In order to find out the competency elements of excellent front-line health inspector, and to improve the comprehensive quality and law enforcement level, we conducted this study. Methods: From May to September in 2020, seven health inspectors engaged in front-line inspection and law enforcement work in the Pudong New Area Health Inspection agency were interviewed by using the method of key Behavior Event Interview (BEI). The competency differences of front-line personnel with different performance levels were compared. Combined with the results of expert consultation, the prominent competency elements of excellent front-line health inspector were found out. Results: The total 6 prominent competency elements were investigation and evidence collection ability, on-site control ability, legal awareness, career love, communication and coordination ability, teamwork ability. Cohen's Kappa coefficient of the two coders was more than 0.6, which had high consistency. Conclusion: The key Behavior Event Interview (BEI) is scientific and reasonable method to find out prominent competency elements of excellent front-line health inspector, and the prominent competency elements found out will be helpful in the human resources planning and management of health inspection in the future.
Disabling the Circadian Clock in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes Aegypti Reduces Adult Life Span, Attraction to Host Odor and Mating Success
Authors: Shetty Vinaya , Meyers Jacob I , Zhang Ying , Merlin Christine , Slotman Michel A
Published: November 2021

Like other insects, Aedes aegypti displays strong daily patterns in host seeking and mating. Much of these behaviors are believed to be under the control of a circadian clock, an endogenous timekeeping mechanism relying on transcriptional/translational negative feedback loops that drive rhythmic physiology and behavior. To examine the connection between the circadian clock and various Ae. aegypti behaviors, we knocked out the core clock gene cycle using CRISPR/Cas9. We found that the rhythmic pattern and intensity of mRNA expression of seven circadian genes, including AeCyc-/-, were altered across the day/night cycle as well as in constant darkness conditions. We further show that, if expressed, the mutant CYC protein is incapable of forming a dimer with CLK to stimulate per expression and that the endogenous clock is disabled in AeCyc-/- mosquitoes. AeCyc-/- do not display the bimodal locomotor activity pattern of wild type, have a significantly reduced response to host odor, reduced egg hatching rates, delayed embryonic development, and reduced adult survival and mating success. Surprisingly, however, the propensity to blood feed in AeCyc-/- females is significantly higher than in wildtype females. Together with other recent work on the circadian clock control of key aspects of mosquito biology, our data on how cycle KO affects mosquito behavior and fitness provides a basis for further work into the pathways that connect the mosquito endogenous clock to its vector competence.
Inequalities in COVID-19 Research from Sub-Saharan Africa: Differences in the Prestige of Journal Articles with Internal and External Lead Authors, Collaborations and Publishers
Authors: Asubiaro Toluwase Victor
Published: November 2021

Inequality in health research in Sub-Saharan Africa existed before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic because of the dearth of research resources. The onset of COVID-19 has exacerbated inequality because of the changes in workplace settings. This study presents an insight into the extent of inequalities during the first year of COVID-19 using citation data of Sub-Saharan African countries' COVID-19 research. Citation data of all the 46 Sub-Saharan Africa countries was collected from Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed. After data cleaning and removal of duplicate records, collaboration type and publishers' country information was coded. Author processing charges of the Open Access articles were obtained from publishers' websites. CiteScore data was collected using Publish or Perish software and Scopus CiteScore report. Only 13.4% of the publishers are in Sub-Saharan African countries, and 21.14% of the articles were published in Sub-Saharan African journals. USA (20.92%) and the UK (13.73%), and India (6.21%) house the highest number of publishers. Publishers from the Netherlands (30.72%), the UK (24.23%) and the USA (14.81%) published the highest number of journals. The CiteScore of journals and mega journals published outside Sub-Saharan Africa was five and twenty-five times more prestigious than those published in the region, respectively. More equitable research practices that will recognize local authors from Sub-Saharan Africa as lead authors in studies about or in Sub-Saharan Africa and journals that are published in the region as a choice for important research may reduce the imbalances as observed in this study.
Improving the Potable Water from Tubular Solar Still Using Eggshell Powder as an Natural Energy Storage Medium - An Experimental Approach
Authors: Thakur Amrit Kumar , Sathyamurthy Prof. Dr. Ravishankar
Published: November 2021

It seems like every hour, there is a greater need for fresh water. The demand for fresh water is rapidly growing as a consequence of the expanding population and the increased urbanization of the world's population. The tubular solar still offers much larger evaporative and condensing surface areas than normal single slope solar still. The scope of this study is to improve the performance of tubular solar still by employing eggshells as the bed material, which has good heat absorption properties. Results showed that the influence of eggshell powder as energy storage material in the basin improved the average water temperature by 10.8, 10.9, and 8.73% for the water thickness of 10, 15, and 20 mm respectively. The usage of eggshells as an energy store in the basin results in an increase of about 60.77 % potable water produced. The maximum observed distillate output from the solar still is 0.6 kg for solar stills with eggshell powder as energy storage material and 0.34 kg for solar stills without eggshell powder in the absorber of TSS at peak solar radiation and at the lowest water thickness of 10 mm. The hourly potable water generated from TSS using eggshell as an energy storage material increased by roughly 47% compared to the flat absorber without eggshell powder. TSS with eggshell powder as energy storage has a daily energy efficiency of 79.19, 75.49, and 44.18 % for water thicknesses of 10, 15, and 20 mm in the basin. Tubular solar still using eggshell as energy storage material and tubular solar still without any material produced 3.62 kg and 1.42 kg average yields at a water thickness of 10 mm. Water thickness of 10, 15, and 20 mm has performance improvement ratios of 2.54, 2.51, and 2.18 respectively.
Virus-like particles displaying conserved toxin epitopes stimulate broadly reactive, polyspecific, murine antibody responses capable of snake venom recognition
Authors: Menzies Stefanie K. , Dawson Charlotte A. , Crittenden Edouard , Edge Rebecca , Hall Steven R. , Alsolaiss Jaffer , Wilkinson Mark C. , Casewell Nicholas R. , Harrison Robert A. , Ainsworth Stuart
Published: November 2021

Antivenom is currently the first-choice treatment for snakebite envenoming. However, only a low proportion of antivenom immunoglobulins are specific to venom toxins, resulting in poor dose efficacy and potency. We sought to investigate whether linear venom epitopes displayed on virus like particles can stimulate a robust and focused antibody response capable of recognising venom toxins from diverse medically important species. Bioinformatically-designed epitopes, corresponding to predicted conserved regions of group I phospholipase A2 and three finger toxins, were engineered for display on the surface of hepatitis B core antigen virus like particles and used to immunise female CD1 mice over a 14-weeks. Antibody responses to all venom epitope virus like particles were detectable by ELISA by the end of the immunisation period, although total antibody and epitope specific antibody titres were variable against the different epitope immunogens. Immunoblots using pooled sera demonstrated recognition of various venom components in a diverse panel of six elapid venoms, representing three continents and four genera. Finally, pooled terminal sera was compared to conventional antivenom via quantitative immunoblot, and demonstrated superior recognition of lower-molecular weight elapid venom toxins. This study demonstrates proof-of-principle that virus like particles engineered to display conserved toxin linear epitopes can elicit specific antibody responses in mice which are able to recognise a geographically broad range of elapid venoms.
Self-Training Algorithm Based on Density Peaks Combining Globally Adaptive Multi-Local Noise Filter
Authors: Li Shuaijun , Lu Jia
Published: November 2021

Self-training algorithm can quickly train an supervised classifier through a few labeled samples and lots of unlabeled samples. However, self-training algorithm is often affected by mislabeled samples, and local noise filter is proposed to detect the mislabeled samples. Nevertheless, current local noise filters have the problems: (a) Current local noise filters ignore the spatial distribution of the nearest neighbors in different classes. (b) They can’t perform well when mislabeled samples are located in the overlapping areas of different classes. To solve the above challenges, a new self-training algorithm based on density peaks combining globally adaptive multi-local noise filter (STDP-GAMNF) is proposed. Firstly, the spatial structure of data set is revealed by density peak clustering, and it is used for helping self-training to label unlabeled samples. In the meantime, after each epoch of labeling, GAMLNF can comprehensively judge whether a sample is a mislabeled sample from multiple classes or not, and will reduce the influence of edge samples effectively. The corresponding experimental results conducted on eighteen real-world data sets demonstrate that GAMLNF is not sensitive to the value of the neighbor parameter k, and it can be adaptive to find the appropriate number of neighbors of each class.
Nutrition Behavior and Body Mass Index in Tanzania. Survey from a Cancer Prevention and Awareness Campaign in Northern Tanzania, 2019‪-‬ 2020‬‬‬‬
Authors: Henke Antje , Rosenbaum Susann , Henke Oliver , Serventi Furaha
Published: November 2021

Objective: In Tanzania, cancer is becoming a major public health concern. Risk factors such as poor dietary behavior, high body mass index, physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco consumption increase the incidence. Limited cancer treatment facilities, prevention programs, and poor knowledge of cancer risk factors and symptoms in the population contribute to late-stage presentation and high mortality rates. The objective of this study is to examine the association of lifestyle factors including body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and dietary behaviors among participants who attended three cancer prevention events in rural and urban areas in Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among PrevACamp- attendees in northern Tanzania between August 2019 and February 2020 were chosen. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic data, medical history, dietary habits, and physical activity, the body mass index was also determined.Results: 235 participants (114 urban/ 121 rural) were included in the survey. Urban residents had higher rates of obesity (p=0.0021) and less physical activity than participants from rural areas (4.63 days [SD=2.03] and 5.50 days [SD=2.00], respectively (p=0.006). Urban dwellers often skip their lunch and prefer to eat a snack. They use salt frequently, consume more processed meat, eat mainly starchy foods, drink more alcohol and sweetened sodas. Conclusion: Rural women more interested in cancer prevention than men. People in rural areas are more physically active and less overweight than those in urban areas. The cause is manifold, yet they hint at a lack of health care for women and a progressing urbanization according to Western patterns. There is an alarming high percentage of overweight among urban dwellers. Although people eat more healthy foods compared to rural populations, they tend to have a high body mass index. Physical inactivity and overweight will be a serious problem in Tanzania in the future, contributing to the risk of cancer.
Evaluation of Emergency Rescue Efficiency in Coal Mines Based on Co-entropy
Authors: Wang Yumeng , Xihua Zhou , Gang Bai , Li Xianlin , Mufeng Xiao , Yao Rongrong
Published: November 2021

By decomposing the coal mine emergency rescue organization and coal mine emergency rescue work, the synergy entropy function is constructed by combining the synergy class with the entropy theory, and the synergy efficiency assessment model of coal mine emergency rescue is established. Analyze the synergistic relationship between departments in the rescue organization and between departments and functional units, construct the synergistic influence matrix, and obtain the synergistic status of the coal mine emergency rescue system by calculating the synergistic entropy, synergistic efficiency and synergistic degree. The quantitative analysis of the emergency rescue system in coal mines is achieved by analyzing the situation of the rescue work in coal mines and evaluating the rescue organizations at each tier based on the established evaluation model.