bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Feminism Yet a Theory of the Kind That Marxism Is?
Authors: Phelan Kate M
Published: March 2017

On Catharine MacKinnon’s view, feminism aspires to be a theory of the kind that Marxism is: a theory of the organisation of the social world as sex hierarchy, just as Marxism is a theory of the organisation of the social world as class hierarchy. In 1982, MacKinnon observed that feminism was not yet such a theory, and set out to make it one. She did this by developing a theory of sexuality as to feminism what work is to Marxism. If one shares MacKinnon’s view that feminism aspires to be a theory of the kind that Marxism is, then one sees MacKinnon as, with her theory of sexuality, creating, albeit in beginning form, a feminist theory. One thus considers MacKinnon’s theory of sexuality a definitive moment in the history of feminist theory. Yet, for all its importance, no one, neither critics nor proponents, has analysed this theory on its own terms. It is therefore not clear whether MacKinnon’s theory of sexuality succeeds, and so whether feminism is yet a theory of the kind that Marxism is. In the spirit of progressing MacKinnon’s project, in this paper, I return to her theory and consider whether it succeeds.
Western Faculty Profile: Dr. Stan Dunn
Authors: Wang Andrew
Published: March 2017

Dr. Stan Dunn is a distinguished Professor in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Western Ontario. He has completed many degrees, including a Postdoctorate Fellowship at Cornell University. His research revolves mainly around the ATP Synthase enzyme, and he has published many articles about this subject among others. In addition to research, he also teaches upper year Biochemistry courses. He holds multiple awards for his research and teaching, and is widely respected by his students. Andrew Wang, the Managing Editor for WURJ-HNS interviewed Dr. Dunn about his background, research, and experiences.
Naprotecnología: ciencia y persona en la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en mujeres y preadolescencentes
Authors: Murcia Lora José María , Esparza Encina María Luisa , Alcázar Zambrano Juan Luis
Published: March 2017

En la actualidad hay suficiente evidencia científica que relaciona directamente adquisición, exposición y prevalencia del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) con el cáncer del cuello de uterino. Por ello, el artículo aborda el VPH en la mujer teniendo en cuenta la naprotecnología, que permite conjugar evidencia científica y planteamientos éticos. Se busca que se tengan en cuenta tanto el aspecto biológico de la sexualidad como la capacidad de hacerse persona en su núcleo sexual. De ahí que se analicen programas dirigidos a la educación sexual, basados tanto en la prevención sanitaria como en la antropología de la sexualidad, y apoyados por las instituciones familiares, que han demostrado una mejor acogida ante los riesgos de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual, y entre ellas la infección por el VPH.
Women and Leadership in Mixed Secondary Schools in Kenya; Do Stakeholder’s Attitudes Matter?
Authors: Mberia ANNE Wangari
Published: March 2017

Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal (Northhouse, 2011). In time and space, women leadership remains a subject talked about but hardly appreciated (Wren, 2013). Among the factors contributing to poor representation of women in leadership is stakeholder’s attitude (Coleman, 2005). The study sought to investigate stakeholder’s attitudes impeding women teachers' ascension to leadership positions in mixed public secondary schools, focusing in Tharaka South Sub – County, Kenya. The study employed descriptive cross-sectional survey design utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. Probability and non-probability sampling techniques were used to arrive at the sample size. Data was collected from women classroom teachers, heads of departments, school principals, education officers, education trade unionists, Parents and Teachers Association officials and School Board of Management officials. Questionnaires, interview guide and focus group discussion guides were used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Data analysis was assisted by computer software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences for quantitative data and NVIVO for qualitative data). The study established that education stakeholders have a general negative attitude towards women leadership in schools.
The Moderating Effect of Socio-Demographic Characteristics on Subjective Wellbeing
Authors: Mayungbo Olusegun
Published: March 2017

The independent association between socio-demographic characteristics and subjective well-being is well studied, however, the moderating impact of those characteristics are yet to be established in literature. This study examines the moderating influence of socio-demographic characteristics on subjective well-being among residents in Ibadan metropolis. Using a descriptive survey design and a multistage sampling technique, 10 enumeration areas each were selected from the five major Local Government Areas (LGAs) with simple random technique. The number of participants on the selected enumeration areas were determined with enumeration area maps. Two hundred and twenty participants each were selected from each LGA, using a systematic technique, making a total of 1,100 participants. A questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic profile and life satisfaction scale (r=0.74) was administered to the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, co-relational analysis, moderated hierarchical multiple regression and analysis of variance at 0.05 level of significance. Two hypotheses were tested. The result reveals that socio-demographic factors jointly predicted life satisfaction (F (1, 1007) =4.61, p<.001). Age and marital status also interacted to predict life satisfaction (β=-0.13, t=-3.58, p<.01; β = -0.08, t=1.98, p<.05). The interaction effect of social demographic factors should be considered in a comprehensive examination of subjective wellbeing.
Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of collision tumor in a lymph node: Lymphoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Qian , Balakrishnan Dhanalaksmi , Wu Maoxin
Published: March 2017

Diagnosis of two distinct malignancies in a single sample is rare. Here we report a case of lung adenocarcinoma metastasized to a supraclavicular lymph node which was concomitantly diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) using ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNA) sample.A 62-year-old Caucasian male presented with cough and bloody sputum. US-FNA of a supraclavicular lymph node showed two distinct cell populations and, based on morphological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the FNA cell block slides, diagnosed with CLL/SLL and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood supported the diagnosis of CLL/SLL. To our knowledge, this is a rarely reported cytology case in which metastatic lung adenocarcinoma is concurrently diagnosed with CLL/SLL in a single lymph node and can be diagnosed based an FNA sample.
Perceptions of Consumers in the Airline Industry Using a Qualitative Data Analysis Methodology: An Applied Research under an International Orientation
Authors: Rimbo David , Nagoya Rocky , Solihin Ikin , Mongay Jorge
Published: March 2017

Greater digital connectivity, improved practical functionalities of internet and website interface, and the wide embrace of the social-media lifestyle, have induced higher level of activism and participation by the consumer class, as evidenced by the more frequent posting of online customers’ reviews. The textual and qualitative features of online customer reviews can be effectively reviewed and analyzed through the application of robust qualitative data mining methodology and text statistics. Qualitative Data analysis methodology (QDA) greatly helps with the technical steps for the codification, interpretative analysis, hypothesis testing, and predictive iterations. This research uses this methodology and proceeds with an in-depth analysis of N=1222 written reviews to explain the most common complaints of passengers under an international and comparative approach of two airlines in Asia. The conclusions and results of the research are in line with other quantitative research done by (Messner & Wolfang, 2016) stating that Food and Beverages, In-flight entertainment and the quality of the seats in the encounter stage of the service should be the major concerns of today´s airlines.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership Behaviours on Organizational Commitment in Omani Governmental Organizations
Authors: Al Zefeiti Salim Musabah bakhit
Published: March 2017

Public organizations all over the world have to confront renewed challenges and obstacles to meet citizens’ needs.  Indeed, Omani organizations are required to have leadership behaviours that clearly encourage and foster subordinates’ performance by enhancing employees' commitment. The aim of this paper is to explore the influence of transformational leadership on organizational commitment in Omani public organizations. The quantitative data was collected through survey instrument. The current research utilized AMOS to investigate the measurement model and test the proposed hypothesised relationship between the constructs. The population for this study consisted of Omani public organization that apply civil service law. The sample consists of 336 middle managers in Omani public organizations.  The results found that transformational leadership play a pivotal role in enhancing organizational commitment. Specifically, core transformational leadership has a direct impact on all organizational commitment dimensions (affective, normative, and continuance). Whereas, providing individualized support, intellectual stimulation, and setting high performance expectation have a direct impact on both continuance and normative commitment.
Grey Relation Analysis on the High-tech Industry and Economic Growth——Empirical Evidence from Yunnan Province of China
Authors: Zhu Lin , Xu Bo
Published: March 2017

This paper discusses the development of high technology industry in Yunnan province of China in period of “post financial crisis” from the perspective of overall situation and industry sectors. Based on the data from 2008 to 2014 and by using the grey correlation model, the empirical analysis has been done about the relationship between the high technology industry and economic growth in Yunnan province. Results show that although the overall level of high technology industry development in Yunnan province is not high, and there is some problems such as imbalance of industrial development, low input of R&D investment, poor innovation ability, the high technology industry leading role in the regional economic growth is revealed, and the grey correlation degree of high technology industries and regional economic growth is 0.71103, second only to the construction industry. Finally, the article puts forward some policy suggestions for the development of high technology industry combined the actual development in Yunnan province.
Financial and Economic Health in European Member States: A Rational Management Theory
Authors: Migliavacca Alessandro , Rainero Christian
Published: March 2017

The last decades of the European Union have been sprinkled of several instability problems, fluctuating between the growth of some State and crises of some other, without reaching an economic stability unity. Even in the presence of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) agreement, most of the States failed to monitor their health and gradually achieve positive results in term of Sovereign Debt exposure, economic growth and population’s happiness and satisfaction. According to the Rational Management Theory, any organization (both private or public, whatever the dimension) can be managed through three specific “rational” macro-phases. A first phase is called “Planning”. In this phase, all the initiatives and actions are forecasted, planned and defined coherently with the vision, the mission, the target and the budget of the organization. In the second phase, named “Execution”, those actions are implemented and performed. In the third phase, titled “Controlling”, is conducted a gap analysis between the deliverable and the achieved performance, therefore corrective actions can be proposed and implemented. The three phases are cyclic and backed by several documents, in particular budgeting statements and reports, accountancy and final balance statement. In this framework, the European Union members can find a map to a better managerial system, even taking into account all the complexity that characterizes a State. To evaluate the financial and economic health gauge of European Union Member States, we propose to verify if some of the most acknowledged managerial tools of financial statement interpretation can provide some gauges for economic and financial health and even predict or enhance the Deficit/GDP Ratio and the other structural ratios of the SGP. The sample is extracted from the European Central Bank Statistical Warehouse, analyzing some of the most critical accounts for the General Governments and comparing them with the most famous structural financial stability measures. The comparison will be conducted on the panel of most of the EU Member States financial and economic data for the last two decades. This contribution intends to foster the improvement and development of a set of supplementary instruments for a better management based on accounting data and strengthened by the European System of Accounts (2010 version).
(Super)matka wcielona w superbohatera(kę). O Grach domowych I Supermatkach Elżbiety Jabłońskiej.
Authors: Kotarba (Niciejewska) Natalia
Published: March 2017

The present article is an attempt to examine
the projects of modern Toruń artist Elżbieta
Jabłońska entitled Home games and Supermatka,
co-creating a kind of cycle that his eloquence
both fits perfectly into the discussion on the
transformation / travesty myth superheros and
his revelation in the form of “(syndrome) Superwoman”
and revises the same problem / issue
and all its cultural implications. In this text
I made attempts to investigate the above-mentioned
works of Elżbieta Jabłońska, pointing to
the whole spectrum of issues and problems that
this kind of analysis is initiates. Use by Jabłońska
compound word and image, the phenomenon
of visual resume, the problem of art as a statement
of mass and soliloquy at the same time, the
importance of lifetimes in the form of various
superheroes, a reference to the types of representational
of the Virgin Mary, the concept of
the game in terms of Roger Caillosa and developed
by Eric Berne’s transactional analysis
Home sweetwork. Praca w wersji Ikea
Authors: Jeran Agnieszka , Basińska Anita
Published: March 2017

Nowadays performance of work is increasingly characterized by flexibility of time and place, leading to difficulty in separating the spheres of work and non-work. Frequent performance of professional duties at home requires special procedures leading to the separation of time and space dedicated work from the sphere of home, where the home is understood as a refuge, the area of non-work. Proposals for arrangement solving this problem can be found, among others, in IKEA catalogue, in which there are presenting not only furniture, but also lifestyle. Analyzing the IKEA catalogs from selected years between 1999 and 2014 we revealed the presence of solutions dedicated to work in the house and we found change of the approach to it - from solutions that recognize work as a necessity, for which you have to find a place at home after a specific totality of work, when almost each activity of adults and children is treated as work.
Alfabetización fotográfica en educación artística en el tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria (España)
Authors: Domínguez-Gómez Eva María , Sánchez-Durán Claudia
Published: March 2017

Parece oportuno, viviendo en un mundo visual,  analizar la situación de la enseñanza de la Fotografía, como disciplina artística, en educación primaria. Dos objetivos vertebran nuestro trabajo realizado en la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura (España): 1) conocer los contenidos sobre fotografía de los libros de texto de Expresión Plástica en el tercer ciclo de educación primaria, 2) conocer las aptitudes del profesorado ante la Fotografía como medio de Expresión Artística. A la luz de los resultados, podremos ver que los contenidos básicos en los libros de texto, relacionados directamente con la fotografía como medio de producción artística, son muy escasos o nulos, siendo un recurso infrautilizado. Por otro lado, el profesorado, aun opinando que la fotografía es un medio atractivo, motivador e importante, no lo utiliza en el aula ni promueve su alfabetización salvo raras excepciones. Enviado em: 29 de abril de 2016.Aprovado em: 25 de novembro de 2016.
Delineating the impact of machine learning elements in pre-microRNA detection
Authors: Saçar Demirci Müşerref Duygu , Allmer Jens
Published: March 2017

Gene regulation modulates RNA expression via transcription factors. Post-transcriptional gene regulation in turn influences the amount of protein product through, for example, microRNAs (miRNAs). Experimental establishment of miRNAs and their effects is complicated and even futile when aiming to establish the entirety of miRNA target interactions. Therefore, computational approaches have been proposed. Many such tools rely on machine learning (ML) which involves example selection, feature extraction, model training, algorithm selection, and parameter optimization. Different ML algorithms have been used for model training on various example sets, more than 1,000 features describing pre-miRNAs have been proposed and different training and testing schemes have been used for model establishment. For pre-miRNA detection, negative examples cannot easily be established causing a problem for two class classification algorithms. There is also no consensus on what ML approach works best and, therefore, we set forth and established the impact of the different parts involved in ML on model performance. Furthermore, we established two new negative datasets and analyzed the impact of using them for training and testing. It was our aim to attach an order of importance to the parts involved in ML for pre-miRNA detection, but instead we found that all parts are intricately connected and their contributions cannot be easily untangled leading us to suggest that when attempting ML-based pre-miRNA detection many scenarios need to be explored.
Earthquake supercycles as part of a spectrum of normal fault slip styles
Authors: Biemiller James , Lavier Luc
Published: March 2017

Like thrust boundaries in subduction zones, some normal faults show evidence of temporally transient slip patterns, such as temporally clustered earthquakes or periods of elevated creep rate. We create rate‐and‐state friction numerical models to assess whether typical distributions of frictional parameters can explain transient slip on normal faults. We constrain our models with geometry from the Wasatch Fault zone, where 5–10 kyr timescale earthquake clusters are recorded on fault scarps. We use numerical models to test whether these earthquake clusters could be the geologic representation of “supercycles” which we define as long‐period stress cycles containing multiple seismic cycles. Field observations, laboratory data, and analogue experiments suggest that the ratio of velocity‐weakening to velocity‐strengthening material varies with the ratio of brittle to ductile material in the shear zone. We therefore employ a linear transition of frictional parameters with depth to simulate bulk frictional properties of the shear zone. We find that for generalized normal faults, rate‐and‐state friction predicts a spectrum of slip behaviors including steady aseismic creep, aseismic transients, clustered earthquakes, and regular seismic cycle earthquakes. The dominant control on slip behavior is the degree of weakening material in the potentially seismogenic fault patch. Earthquake clusters occur with higher proportions of velocity‐weakening material which correspond to more competent, less ductile shear zone assemblages. We find that rate‐and‐state friction predicts a wider spectrum of slip behavior on active normal faults than has been previously recognized, potentially due to geologic preservation and identification issues.
Reflection imaging with earthquake sources and dense arrays
Authors: Quiros D. A. , Brown L. D. , Davenport K. K. , Hole J. A. , Cabolova A. , Chen C. , Han L. , Chapman M. C. , Mooney W. D.
Published: March 2017

The Mw 5.8 earthquake that occurred in Louisa County, Virginia, on 23 August 2011 provided an opportunity to record with several “high density” seismic arrays, in addition to traditional, sparse temporary seismic networks. Traditional aftershock networks consist of a few dozen stations spread over tens of kilometers. As a result, the recorded seismic waveforms suffer from spatial aliasing that is so severe that many types of waveform processing are not applicable. Here we report the results of recording with a large number of oil industry‐type instruments deployed at a spacing that is an order of magnitude closer than in traditional deployments. The objective was to image subsurface structure with array methods, using the aftershocks as sources. The dense array recorded continuously for 12 days and consisted of 172 vertical component seismometers that were placed at 200–400 m and a 60 km long three‐component regional profile with stations every 2 km. We demonstrate how processing techniques from Vertical Seismic Profiling can produce high‐resolution 3‐D reflection images of structure beneath the array. These images display reflectivity that correlates with that observed on a nearby deep reflection survey collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. Of particular interest is a strong reflector imaged across multiple profiles. Our analysis demonstrates how a surface array of seismometers can provide 3‐D images of structure using microearthquake sources when wavefields are sampled sufficiently densely.
A dipping, thick segment of the Farallon Slab beneath central U.S.
Authors: Sun Daoyuan , Gurnis Michael , Saleeby Jason , Helmberger Don
Published: March 2017

It has been hypothesized that much of the crustal deformation attributed to the Laramide orogeny of the southwest North American Cordillera was caused by dynamic effects induced by the flat subduction of a large oceanic plateau that was embedded within the Farallon Plate. Previous studies have identified within the North American mantle a seismic velocity anomaly that plausibly represents the remnants of the subducted plateau. Coupled plate kinematic and dynamic modeling of the anomaly, as well as surface geological findings, identify this anomaly as the subducted conjugate to the Shatsky Rise. Here we find clear evidence for a northeastward dipping (35° dip), thick (up to 400 km thick) slab‐like seismic velocity anomaly within the top of the lower mantle below the central United States. Using a deep focus earthquake below Spain, we find that the observed seismic waveforms recorded with the dense USArray display multipathing indicative of sharp surfaces. Plate tectonic reconstructions in which the anomaly is migrated back in time suggest strong coupling of the plateau‐thickened slab segment to the overriding North America Plate as it was subducted. In combination with the reconstructions, we interpret the structure as arising from eastward dipping Farallon subduction at the western margin of North America during the Cretaceous, in contrast with some recent interpretations. It appears that the plateau area of the slab has been further thickened, which might undergo a combination of pure shear bulk shortening during flat‐slab subduction and/or by a folding instability during penetration into the lower mantle.
High‐resolution deep tectonic tremor locations beneath the San Andreas Fault near Cholame, California, using the double‐pair double‐difference location method
Authors: Guo Hao , Zhang Haijiang , Nadeau Robert M. , Peng Zhigang
Published: March 2017

We determine high‐precision deep tectonic tremor locations beneath the San Andreas Fault (SAF) near Cholame, California, region by using a newly developed double‐pair double‐difference location method and a new 3‐D Vs model. Compared to the previous results, newly determined tremor locations are more consistent with known low‐frequency earthquake locations and are more concentrated along the SAF. New tremor locations near Cholame show clear contrast in the predominant depth of the tremor activity across the SAF and also show contrasts in the degree of periodic behavior both along and across the SAF. They collectively define a very special tremor generation region (VSTR) near the intersection corner between the SAF and the adjacent San Juan Fault (SJF). In the VSTR, new locations reveal some isolated tremor clusters, which may occur on multiple deep fault patches. For these isolated clusters, some are closer to the SAF and some are closer to the SJF, implying that both the SAF and SJF may extend to the ductile lower crust. Possible interaction between the SAF and SJF in the lower crust beneath the VSTR, combined with the trapped high‐pressure fluids, may explain the strong tremor activity, the isolated tremor clusters, and the characteristic tremor occurrence patterns and depth distributions in this region.
Vehicle NOx emission plume isotopic signatures: Spatial variability across the eastern United States
Authors: Miller David J. , Wojtal Paul K. , Clark Sydney C. , Hastings Meredith G.
Published: March 2017

On‐road vehicle nitrogen oxide (NOx) sources currently dominate the U.S. anthropogenic emission budgets, yet vehicle NOx emissions have uncertain contributions to oxidized nitrogen (N) deposition patterns. Isotopic signatures serve as a potentially valuable observational tool to trace source contributions to NOx chemistry and N deposition, yet in situ emission signatures are underconstrained. We characterize the spatiotemporal variability of vehicle NOx emission isotopic signatures (δ15N‐NOx) representative of U.S. vehicle fleet‐integrated emission plumes. A novel combination of on‐road mobile and stationary urban measurements is performed using a field and laboratory‐verified technique for actively capturing NOx in solution to quantify δ15N‐NOx at hourly resolution. On‐road δ15N‐NOx upwind of Providence, RI, ranged from −7 to −3‰. Simultaneous urban background δ15N‐NOx observations showed comparable range and variations with on‐road measurements, suggesting that vehicles dominate NOx emissions in the Providence area. On‐road spatial δ15N‐NOx variations of −9 to −2‰ were observed under various driving conditions in six urban metropolitan areas and rural interstate highways during summer and autumn in the U.S. Northeast and Midwest. Although isotopic signatures were insensitive to on‐road driving mode variations, statistically significant correlations were found between δ15N‐NOx and NOx emission factor extremes associated with heavy diesel emitter contributions. Overall, these results constrain an isotopic signature of fleet‐integrated roadway NOx emission plumes, which have important implications for distinguishing vehicle NOx from other sources and tracking emission contributions to NOx chemistry and N deposition.
NAO and its relationship with the Northern Hemisphere mean surface temperature in CMIP5 simulations
Authors: Wang Xiaofan , Li Jianping , Sun Cheng , Liu Ting
Published: March 2017

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most prominent teleconnection patterns in the Northern Hemisphere and has recently been found to be both an internal source and useful predictor of the multidecadal variability of the Northern Hemisphere mean surface temperature (NHT). In this study, we examine how well the variability of the NAO and NHT are reproduced in historical simulations generated by the 40 models that constitute Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). All of the models are able to capture the basic characteristics of the interannual NAO pattern reasonably well, whereas the simulated decadal NAO patterns show less consistency with the observations. The NAO fluctuations over multidecadal time scales are underestimated by almost all models. Regarding the NHT multidecadal variability, the models generally represent the externally forced variations well but tend to underestimate the internal NHT. With respect to the performance of the models in reproducing the NAO‐NHT relationship, 14 models capture the observed decadal lead of the NAO, and model discrepancies in the representation of this linkage are derived mainly from their different interpretation of the underlying physical processes associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). This study suggests that one way to improve the simulation of the multidecadal variability of the internal NHT lies in better simulation of the multidecadal variability of the NAO and its delayed effect on the NHT variability via slow ocean processes.
Assessing extratropical impact on the tropical bias in coupled climate model with regional coupled data assimilation
Authors: Lu F. , Liu Z. , Zhang S. , Jacob R.
Published: March 2017

The tropical bias of double‐Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) has been a persistent feature in global climate models. It remains unclear how much of it is attributed to local and remote processes, respectively. Here we assess the extratropical influence on the tropical bias in a coupled general circulation model dynamically, systematically, and quantitatively using the Regional Coupled Data Assimilation (RCDA) method. RCDA experiments show that the model's double‐ITCZ bias is improved systematically when sea surface temperature, air temperature, and wind are corrected toward real‐world data from the extratropics into the tropics progressively. Quantitatively, the tropical asymmetry bias in precipitation and surface temperature is reduced by 40% due to extratropical impact from outside of ~25°. Coupled dynamics, as well as atmospheric and oceanic processes, play important roles in this extratropical‐to‐tropical teleconnection. Energetic analysis of cross‐equatorial atmospheric energy transport and equatorial net energy input are used to explain the changes in the precipitation bias.
Short‐term observations of double‐peaked Na emission from Mercury's exosphere
Authors: Massetti S. , Mangano V. , Milillo A. , Mura A. , Orsini S. , Plainaki C.
Published: March 2017

We report the analysis of short‐term ground‐based observations of the exospheric Na emission (D1 and D2 lines) from Mercury, which was characterized by two high‐latitude peaks confined near the magnetospheric cusp footprints. During a series of scheduled observations from the Télescope Héliographique pour l'Etude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires (THEMIS) telescope, achieved by scanning the whole planet, we implemented a series of extra measurements by recording the Na emission from a narrow north‐south strip only, centered above the two emission peaks. Our aim was to inspect the existence of short‐term variations, which were never analyzed before from ground‐based observations, and their possible correlation with interplanetary magnetic field variations. Though Mercury possesses a miniature magnetosphere, characterized by fast reconnection events that develop on a timescale of few minutes, ground‐based observations show that the exospheric Na emission pattern can be globally stable for a prolonged period (some days) and also exhibits fluctuations in the time range of tens of minutes.
Survey of magnetic reconnection signatures in the Martian magnetotail with MAVEN
Authors: Harada Y. , Halekas J. S. , McFadden J. P. , Espley J. , DiBraccio G. A. , Mitchell D. L. , Mazelle C. , Brain D. A. , Andersson L. , Ma Y. J. , Larson D. E. , Xu S. , Hara T. , Ruhunusiri S. , Livi R. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: March 2017

We conduct an extended survey of reconnection signatures observed in the Martian magnetotail by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. Although it is well established that magnetic reconnection plays a fundamental role in the dynamics of intrinsic magnetospheres, the role of reconnection in the dynamics of induced magnetospheres remains poorly understood. Based on comprehensive plasma and field measurements by MAVEN in the Martian magnetotail, we first identified 776 current sheet crossings and then selected 34 crossings with Hall magnetic field signatures, which are indicative of the ion diffusion region of tail reconnection. For the majority of the identified Hall field events, we observe ion flow enhancements in the directions consistent with the reconnection outflow directions expected from the Hall magnetic field polarity. The reconnection signatures are preferentially observed in the −E hemisphere of the near‐Mars magnetotail at ∼1–2 Mars radii downstream from Mars. We have found no strong correlation of the likelihood of observing reconnection signatures with local crustal field strengths or with upstream drivers. The duty cycle of tail reconnection is estimated to be ∼1–10% or even higher. The MAVEN observations suggest that magnetic reconnection can play an important role in the dynamics of the Martian magnetotail.
Adult Eyewitness Memory for Single Versus Repeated Traumatic Events
Authors: Theunissen Tjeu P.M. , Meyer Thomas , Memon Amina , Weinsheimer Camille C.
Published: March 2017

Reports from individuals who have witnessed multiple, similar emotional events may differ from reports from witnesses of only a single event. To test this, we had participants (N = 65) view a video of a road traffic accident. Half of the participants saw two additional (similar) aversive films. Afterwards, participants filled out the Self‐Administered Interview on the target film twice with an interval of 1 week. Participants who saw multiple similar films were less accurate in recalling details from the target film than participants in the control condition. On their second report, participants were less complete but more accurate compared with their first report. These results indicate that adults who have witnessed multiple repeated events may appear less reliable in their reports than adults who have witnessed a single event. These findings are relevant when evaluating eyewitness evidence and call for new approaches to questioning witnesses about repeated events.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon‐Coated Na3.32Fe2.34(P2O7)2 Cathode Material for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Mingzhe , Chen Lingna , Hu Zhe , Liu Qiannan , Zhang Binwei , Hu Yuxiang , Gu Qinfen , Wang Jian‐Li , Wang Lian‐Zhou , Guo Xiaodong , Chou Shu‐Lei , Dou Shi‐Xue
Published: March 2017

Rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries are proposed as the most appropriate alternative to lithium batteries due to the fast consumption of the limited lithium resources. Due to their improved safety, polyanion framework compounds have recently gained attention as potential candidates. With the earth‐abundant element Fe being the redox center, the uniform carbon‐coated Na3.32Fe2.34(P2O7)2/C composite represents a promising alternative for sodium‐ion batteries. The electrochemical results show that the as‐prepared Na3.32Fe2.34(P2O7)2/C composite can deliver capacity of ≈100 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 120 mA g−1), with capacity retention of 92.3% at 0.5 C after 300 cycles. After adding fluoroethylene carbonate additive to the electrolyte, 89.6% of the initial capacity is maintained, even after 1100 cycles at 5 C. The electrochemical mechanism is systematically investigated via both in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations. The results show that the sodiation and desodiation are single‐phase‐transition processes with two 1D sodium paths, which facilitates fast ionic diffusion. A small volume change, nearly 100% first‐cycle Coulombic efficiency, and a pseudocapacitance contribution are also demonstrated. This research indicates that this new compound could be a potential competitor for other iron‐based cathode electrodes for application in large‐scale Na rechargeable batteries.
Highly Emissive Green Perovskite Nanocrystals in a Solid State Crystalline Matrix
Authors: Quan Li Na , Quintero‐Bermudez Rafael , Voznyy Oleksandr , Walters Grant , Jain Ankit , Fan James Zhangming , Zheng Xueli , Yang Zhenyu , Sargent Edward H.
Published: March 2017

Perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted attention due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in solution; however, maintaining high emission efficiency in the solid state remains a challenge. This study presents a solution‐phase synthesis of efficient green‐emitting perovskite NCs (CsPbBr3) embedded in robust and air‐stable rhombic prism hexabromide (Cs4PbBr6) microcrystals, reaching a PLQY of 90%. Theoretical modeling and experimental characterization suggest that lattice matching between the NCs and the matrix contribute to improved passivation, while spatial confinement enhances the radiative rate of the NCs. In addition, dispersing the NCs in a matrix prevents agglomeration, which explains their high PLQY.
Cancer‐Associated, Stimuli‐Driven, Turn on Theranostics for Multimodality Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Li Xingshu , Kim Jihoon , Yoon Juyoung , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: March 2017

Advances in bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have facilitated the development of novel anticancer agents that have decreased side effects and increased safety. Theranostics, systems that have combined therapeutic effects and diagnostic capabilities, have garnered increasing attention recently because of their potential use in personalized medicine, including cancer‐targeting treatments for patients. One interesting approach to achieving this potential involves the development of cancer‐associated, stimuli‐driven, turn on theranostics. Multicomponent constructs of this type would have the capability of selectively delivering therapeutic reagents into cancer cells or tumor tissues while simultaneously generating unique signals that can be readily monitored under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Specifically, their combined anticancer activities and selective visual signal respond to cancer‐associated stimuli, would make these theranostic agents more highly efficient and specific for cancer treatment and diagnosis. This article focuses on the progress of stimuli‐responsive turn on theranostics that activate diagnostic signals and release therapeutic reagents in response to the cancer‐associated stimuli. The present article not only provides the fundamental backgrounds of diagnostic and therapeutic tools that have been widely utilized for developing theranostic agents, but also discusses the current approaches for developing stimuli‐responsive turn on theranostics.
Plasmonic Sensing of Oncoproteins without Resonance Shift Using 3D Periodic Nanocavity in Nanocup Arrays
Authors: Ameen Abid , Hackett Lisa P. , Seo Sujin , Dar Faiza Khawar , Gartia Manas R. , Goddard Lynford L. , Liu Gang Logan
Published: March 2017

A sensor design and sensing method based on plasmonic–photonic interactions that occur when a nanocavity array is embedded in a 3D tapered nanocup plasmonic substrate are reported. This device enables highly sensitive detection of refractive index changes based on changes to the transmission peak intensity without shift in the resonance wavelength. Unlike conventional plasmonic sensors, there is a consistent and selective change in the transmission intensity at the resonance peak wavelength with no spectral shift. In addition, there are wavelength ranges that show no intensity change, which can be used as reference regions. The fabrication and characterization of the plasmonic nanocavity sensor are described and also advanced biosensing is demonstrated. Simulations are carried out to better understand the plasmon–photonic coupling mechanism. This nanocavity plasmonic sensor design has a limit of detection of 1 ng mL−1 (5 × 10−12m) for the cancer biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which is a significant improvement over current surface plasmon resonance systems, and a dynamic range that is clinically relevant for human CEA levels.
Lasing from Organic Dye Molecules Embedded in Transparent Wood
Authors: Vasileva Elena , Li Yuanyuan , Sychugov Ilya , Mensi Mounir , Berglund Lars , Popov Sergei
Published: March 2017

The report on a study of laser emission from a conceptually new organic material based on transparent wood (TW) with embedded dye Rhodamine 6G molecules is presented in this paper. The lasing performance is compared to a reference organic material containing dye in a poly‐methyl‐methacrylate matrix. From experimental results, one can conclude that the optical feedback in dye‐TW material is realized within cellulose fibers, which play the role of tiny optical resonators. Therefore, the output emission is a collective contribution of individual resonators. Due to this fact, as well as low Q‐factor of the resonators/fibers and their length variation, the spectral line of laser emission is broadened up to several nanometers.
Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Deoxygenation of Heteroaromatic N‐Oxides and Hydroxides using Pinacol as Reducing Agent
Authors: Rubio‐Presa Rubén , Fernández‐Rodríguez Manuel A. , Pedrosa María R. , Arnáiz Francisco J. , Sanz Roberto
Published: March 2017

A molybdenum‐catalyzed deoxygenation of pyridine N‐oxides and N‐hydroxybenzotriazoles, as well as other azole N‐oxides, has been developed using pinacol as an environmentally friendly oxo‐acceptor. The only by‐products are acetone and water making the process a convenient alternative to established protocols in terms of waste generation. The reaction is highly chemoselective and a variety of functional groups are tolerated. The processes are usually very clean allowing the isolation of the pure deoxygenated products after a simple extraction in most cases.

magnified image
Nonsense pathogenic variants in exon 1 of PHOX2B lead to translational reinitiation in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
Authors: Cain Jacob T. , Kim Dae I. , Quast Megan , Shivega Winnie G. , Patrick Ryan J. , Moser Chuanpit , Reuter Suzanne , Perez Myrza , Myers Angela , Weimer Jill M. , Roux Kyle J. , Landsverk Megan
Published: March 2017

Pathogenic variants in PHOX2B lead to congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a rare disorder of the nervous system characterized by autonomic dysregulation and hypoventilation typically presenting in the neonatal period, although a milder late‐onset (LO) presentation has been reported. More than 90% of cases are caused by polyalanine repeat mutations (PARMs) in the C‐terminus of the protein; however non‐polyalanine repeat mutations (NPARMs) have been reported. Most NPARMs are located in exon 3 of PHOX2B and result in a more severe clinical presentation including Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) and/or peripheral neuroblastic tumors (PNTs). A previously reported nonsense pathogenic variant in exon 1 of a patient with LO‐CCHS and no HSCR or PNTs leads to translational reinitiation at a downstream AUG codon producing an N‐terminally truncated protein. Here we report additional individuals with nonsense pathogenic variants in exon 1 of PHOX2B. In vitro analyses were used to determine if these and other reported nonsense variants in PHOX2B exon 1 produced N‐terminally truncated proteins. We found that all tested nonsense variants in PHOX2B exon 1 produced a truncated protein of the same size. This truncated protein localized to the nucleus and transactivated a target promoter. These data suggest that nonsense pathogenic variants in the first exon of PHOX2B likely escape nonsense mediated decay (NMD) and produce N‐terminally truncated proteins functionally distinct from those produced by the more common PARMs.
DDX3X mutations in two girls with a phenotype overlapping Toriello–Carey syndrome
Authors: Dikow Nicola , Granzow Martin , Graul‐Neumann Luitgard M. , Karch Stephanie , Hinderhofer Katrin , Paramasivam Nagarajan , Behl Laura‐Jane , Kaufmann Lilian , Fischer Christine , Evers Christina , Schlesner Matthias , Eils Roland , Borck Guntram , Zweier Christiane , Bartram Claus R. , Carey John C. , Moog Ute
Published: March 2017

Recently, de novo heterozygous variants in DDX3X have been reported in about 1.5% of 2659 females with previously unexplained intellectual disability (ID). We report on the identification of DDX3X variants in two unrelated girls with clinical features of Toriello–Carey Syndrome (T‐CS). In patient 1, the recurrent variant c.1703C>T; p.(P568L) was identified when reconsidering X‐linked de novo heterozygous variants in exome sequencing data. In patient 2, the DDX3X variant c.1600C>G; p.(R534G) was also detected by exome sequencing. Based on these data, de novo heterozygous DDX3X variants should be considered not only in females with unexplained ID, but also in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of T‐CS.
From O2− to HO2−: Reducing By‐Products and Overpotential in Li‐O2 Batteries by Water Addition
Authors: Qiao Yu , Wu Shichao , Yi Jin , Sun Yang , Guo Shaohua , Yang Sixie , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen
Published: March 2017

The development of aprotic Li‐O2 batteries, which are promising candidates for high gravimetric energy storage devices, is severely limited by superoxide‐related parasitic reactions and large voltage hysteresis. The fundamental reaction pathway of the aprotic Li‐O2 battery can be altered by the addition of water, which changes the discharge intermediate from superoxide (O2−) to hydroperoxide (HO2−). The new mechanism involving HO2− intermediate realizes the two‐electron transfer through a single step, which significantly suppresses the superoxide‐related side reactions. Moreover, addition of water also triggers a solution‐based pathway that effectively reduces the voltage hysteresis. These discoveries offer a possible solution for desirable Li‐O2 batteries free of aggressive superoxide species, highlighting the design strategy of modifying the reaction pathway for Li‐O2 electrochemistry.
Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks: Design of a Charged Interface Aligned on 1D Channel Walls and Its Unusual Electrostatic Functions
Authors: Huang Ning , Wang Ping , Addicoat Matthew A. , Heine Thomas , Jiang Donglin
Published: March 2017

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a tailor‐made platform for designing layered two‐dimensional polymers. However, most of them are obtained as neutral porous materials. Here, we report the construction of ionic crystalline porous COFs with positively charged walls that enable the creation of well aligned yet spatially confined ionic interface. The unconventional reversed AA‐stacking mode alternately orientates the cationic centers to both sides of the walls; the ionic interface endows COFs with unusual electrostatic functions. Because all of the walls are decorated with electric dipoles, the uptake of CO2 is enhanced by three fold compared to the neutral analog. By virtue of sufficient open space between cations, the ionic interface exhibits exceptional accessibility, efficiency, and selectivity in ion exchange to trap anionic pollutants. These findings suggest that construction of the ionic interface of COFs offers a new way to structural and functional designs.