bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can RMB Exchange Rate Expectations Explain the Fluctuations of China’s Housing Prices?
Authors: Wang Chunni
Published: September 2020

Unlike existing literature that has focused on the relationship between exchange rate
and housing price, this paper studies the housing price fluctuations from the
perspective of RMB exchange rate expectation to resolve the dilemma “guarantee
housing price or exchange rate” after the sub-prime mortgage crisis. This paper
shows that housing prices responded negatively to RMB appreciation expectation
from 1999 to 2008, and positively from 2009 to 2019. After 2009, exchange rate
expectation is the Granger causality of housing prices. After introducing the U.S.
Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) released by Baker et al.(2016), the explanatory
power of exchange rate expectations to housing price fluctuations declines but it's
still significant. When EPU increased, housing prices responded negatively after a
brief positive response. Besides exchange rate expectation, several unobservable
factors with rich economic implications can explain the fluctuations of housing
prices in China in the interval of 2006M01–2018M12. The empirical results show
that the degree of Chinese government reversal intervention, interest rate spread
between China and the U.S., and EPU can explain the exchange rate expectation.
The government can control the degree of reversal intervention to affect the
exchange rate expectation and realize the housing price control indirectly.
Sustentabilidade, bem-estar e direitos humanos
Authors: Ricupero Rubens
Published: September 2020

Neste artigo é feito um apanhado, por meio de relato pessoal do diplomata Rubens Ricupero, do estado da arte no que tange à proteção aos direitos individuais no Brasil, aos coletivos, como os Direitos Humanos e ao meio ambiente, especialmente
após a ascensão de Jair Bolsonaro ao poder. O texto, inicialmente concebido para a
na IIª Conferência Internacional de Humanidades (UFMG, UNESCO), ocorrida em
dezembro de 2019, foi transformado pelo autor em artigo a ser publicado no presente
dossiê, a pedido dos organizadores do número.
O neoconservadorismo religioso e heteronormatividade: a “bolsonarização” como produção de sentido e mobilização de afetos
Authors: Lima lizabeth Christina de Andrade , Lima Isabelly Cristiany Chaves
Published: September 2020

O artigo analisa a construção de narrativas antes e durante a campanha eleitoral para presidente da República do Brasil, em 2018. Tendo como protagonista o agora eleito Presidente Jair Messias Bolsonaro, observamos que sua narrativa é marcada pelos discursos de medo e de ódio dirigidos a todos aqueles que, na sociedade, antagonizam com a sua maneira, e de seus apoiadores, para pensar o papel da família, da propriedade e do Estado. Consideramos que tais narrativas ajudaram a construir a sua imagem pública para conseguir a aderência de uma considerável parcela da sociedade que, doravante, orgulha-se em se identificar como de direita, conservadora, favorável à família, à moral e aos bons costumes.
Anuê Jaci: política externa e povos indígenas diante da inflexão conservadora e do bolsonarismo
Authors: Santos César
Published: September 2020

Às vésperas do bicentenário da Independência do Brasil em relação a Portugal (1822-2022), a ascensão de Jair Messias Bolsonaro à Presidência da República desafia o povo brasileiro a assistir ao retorno da ideologia cristã, dos XVI e XVII, como orientação do Governo brasileiro no século XXI. No Ministério das Relações Exteriores (MRE), órgão responsável pela promoção e pela defesa dos interesses do Brasil no exterior, a nomeação do Embaixador Ernesto Araújo como Chanceler trouxe a ideologia cristã ao epicentro da orientação da política externa do Brasil. Nesse mesmo contexto,
a quantidade de assassinatos de lideranças indígenas no Brasil tem configurado um
estado de guerra, alimentado, entre outras razões, pela ausência da demarcação das
terras indígenas prevista na Constituição Federal de 1988. Em 2019, A Articulação dos
Povos Indígenas do Brasil (APIB) realizou a “Jornada Sangue Indígena: nenhuma gota a
mais” em diversos países do continente europeu para denunciar a prática genocida do
governo brasileiro. Não é comum estabelecer uma relação direta entre política externa e
povos indígenas. Este artigo faz parte de um estudo teórico, ainda preliminar, que visa
a contribuir para ampliação do campo de observação empírica em análise de política
externa (APE) e aponta para a necessidade da construção de um paradigma indigenista
na política externa brasileira à luz do modelo paradigmático proposto pelo professor
Amado Luiz Cervo. Trata-se da inclusão do componente indígena na formulação do
interesse nacional após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, bem como da
vigência da Convenção 169, da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, relativa aos
povos indígenas e tribais. Espera-se que a inclusão do componente indígena possa contribuir para outras análises acerca da formulação do interesse nacional, não apenas no Brasil, mas também, nos demais Estados nacionais signatários da Convenção 169/OIT.
Populismo e fake news na era da pós-verdade: comparações entre Estados Unidos, Hungria e Brasil
Authors: Bernardi Ana Julia Bonzanini , Costa Andressa Liegi Vieira
Published: September 2020

Nas últimas eleições, figuras populistas de extrema direita emergiram ou se fortaleceram em todo o mundo. Sabidamente, nem todos os governos populistas são iguais. Neste artigo procuramos investigar a cultura política e o uso de fake news nas campanhas/governos desses líderes populistas no Brasil, nos EUA e na Hungria. Primeiramente, discutimos o histórico político de cada país, bem como o perfil de seus
governantes e o uso de fake news. Em seguida, aliamos a opinião pública e a cultura
política da população presentes nos dois últimos anos eleitorais em cada país. Na terceira
e última parte, fazemos comparações entre esses três países, observando mudanças no
cenário político digital a partir dos índices do V-Dem Institute (Varieties of Democracy)
de 2019.
PERSEPSI GURU SD/MI TENTANG PENDIDIKAN SEKS BAGI ANAK DI ERA REVOLUSI 4.0
Authors: Lestari Hana , Hanafi Jonari
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Teachers' perceptions of sex education are key points in developing an appropriate sex education model for children to prevent sexual abuse. This study aims to determine teachers' perceptions about sex education, sexual harassment, and prevention of sexual harassment in the revolutionary era 4.0. The study was conducted in 5 SDNs and 5 MIs in Bogor Regency and obtained 124 teachers as respondents who were taken randomly. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of this study are (1) In the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, an understanding of sex education for children is needed as one of cultivating character in children so that they can be responsible for themselves and protect and avoid themselves from sexual violence. However, teachers 'perceptions of sex education are still taboo to discuss, so that teachers' understanding is limited by focusing on the boundaries of the relationship between men and women, and information related to sexual education that is conveyed to students is not systematic, situational in nature, not evenly distributed to all students; (2) teachers' perceptions of sexual harassment in the form of physical violence, psychological violence and unpleasant sexual violence against children; (3) teachers' perceptions in preventing sexual harassment by deepening children's religious values, recognizing physical or behavioral differences between boys and girls, recognizing children's family members, fostering student's courage, teaching the limits of genitalia, then teaching boundaries association of children.

Keyword:  Elementary school, Sex Education For Children, Teachers’ Perseptions
Participatory science and directed survey methods: A case study with odontocetes in the Maui Nui region of the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Howe Marian , O. Lammars Marc , W. Bair Robin
Published: September 2020

Given the difficulties and costs often associated with surveying cetaceans, enlisting members of the public to collect data offers a promisingalternative approach. Comparison of cetacean ‘participatory science’ (also known as ‘citizen science’) data with data collected during traditionalscientific studies helps reveal the strengths and weaknesses of a participatory science approach. With a large number of vessel operators on thewater throughout the year, including dolphin-oriented tour boats, the Hawaiian Islands offer an ideal study site to employ such a dual-methodcomparison. The study aimed to enhance understanding of nearshore dolphin distributions relative to bathymetry. Operators of tour and fishingvessels within the shallow Maui Nui basin of the Hawaiian Islands were recruited to report delphinid sightings. Researchers conducted standarddolphin surveys within the same region. The participatory science approach was successful in generating a large sample size of sightings from fivedifferent species. Findings here demonstrate the potential value of participatory science and of using a multimethod approach to infer odontocetedistribution trends relative to bathymetry in areas where both methods are feasible. Important refinements for future projects are highlighted.
The effect of obesity on the outcome of total knee arthroplasties in arthritic patients
Authors: Drohat Philip Charles , Kiehl Dr. Melissa , Mess Dr. Charles F
Published: September 2020

The purpose of an arthritic patient receiving a total knee arthroplasty is to relinquish them of their pain and return them to a normal level of functionality. In obese patients, it is unclear if their increased body mass impedes their recovery process. Since obesity is an epidemic on the rise in the United States, it is of great importance to determine whether it is worth it for obese patients to undergo a total knee arthroplasty or if they need to take any precautions. While there is already a great deal of research on this topic, it is incredibly unclear and does not draw any conclusions. This study is a meta-analysis of four different studies looking at how obesity affects the outcome of a total knee replacement. Each study was looked at for its purpose, methods, perioperative and immediate results, implant survival results, functionality results, discussion, limitations, and conclusions. Within these four studies, there were instances in which they agreed; however, there were also instances in which they directly contradicted each other. The conclusions of all four studies were similar and advised that obese patients should be counseled on their risk. One interesting point was made that perhaps these studies need to be looking at total body weight instead of body mass index because one is absolutely whole the other in relative. The data from the meta-analysis could not support the hypothesis since there was no general consensus, but it does provide novel insight into this field of study that could change future experiments to provide meaningful results.
Isolating Exosomes Derived From Human Natural Killer Cells For Characterization
Authors: Huang Wesley , Carmona Jo
Published: September 2020

Exosomes have been an area of great interest in the field of research, as they seem to participate in many essential cellular processes. However, current methods in isolating exosomes have many limitations. The aim of this study is to present a more effective, efficient, and simple method to isolate large quantities of natural killer (NK) cell-derived exosomes using the ÄKTA start system, centered around size-exclusion chromatography, and to characterize these exosomes. Using the ÄKTA system, we obtained a chromatogram of high resolution depicting the UV absorbance of exosomes. We confirmed the identity of the exosomes by probing for markers such as CD56 and CD81 and cytotoxic proteins such as granzyme B in the exosomes, whose cytotoxic properties against cancer cells were confirmed using luciferase assays. By incubating exosomes, cancer cells, and an array of inhibitors, we also found that NK exosomes may engage in cytotoxicity via different methods such as ligand-receptor interactions.
The Neuroscience Between Musical Stimulation and Enhancing Short Term Memory with Age
Authors: Fiorta Maria Alexandra , Talarczyk Patricia
Published: September 2020

In the field of neuroscience, cognitive memory is at the center of biomedical research. Prior works in cognitive memory all suggest and show that as people age their short term memory slows down and becomes less effective from an accuracy standpoint. This especially becomes apparent in age related memory impairments such as Alzheimer’s. Using musical stimulation this study was focused on finding out if music has an effect on a musician’s short term memory speed and overall accuracy in both auditory and visual memory. Visual and auditory memory are the primary ways in which music is memorized. Along with visual memory motor memory is also tested in musicians as they use muscles when playing an instrument (Chua,  2014). Thus, these two were combined with the aim of finding out if music has an effect on the entire short term memory system. The study focused on all ages ranging from fourteen to the age bracket of sixty and over. Each participant was given the same conditions under which the study was conducted. Using a T-chart analysis the data showed that overall the speed of memory is enhanced with musical stimulation; however, accuracy was statistically insignificant. To avoid the distraction of future participants they should be evaluated one at a time.Key Words: cognitive memory, auditory, visual, musicians, motor memory
The Role of Public Defenders Within the American Justice System
Authors: Fisher Brianna , Thompson Patti
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the inner workings of the legal system in connection with public defenders and their duties. The factors of total caseload, plea deals, waivers, and bench verdicts were implemented to create a comprehensive means of measuring work ethic, due to their significant presence in the everyday workings of public defenders. Through a meta-analysis of the five most densely populated African American cities within the state of Michigan, the combined and individual weighted mean effect sizes were calculated to determine if there was a strong positive or negative effect of the four factors mentioned above on work ethic. Additionally, both the upper and lower credibility levels were calculated to analyze their proximity to the weighted means. For all four factors tested, the weighted mean effect sizes relate a positive effect of the factors on work ethic, with all means falling closer to their upper credibility levels. These results confirm that the factors of total caseload, plea deals, waivers, and bench verdicts affect how cases are being handled and how clients are being treated.
The Relationship Between Acidity and Short-Term Student Performance on Exams
Authors: Croyle Justin Raymond , Talarczyk Patricia
Published: September 2020

All students have to take exams at some point in their schooling careers and often in overwhelming amounts. With tests carrying great importance, students try to optimize their performance on these tests in a variety of ways. A widely-practiced strategy is eating peppermint or candy during the test in hopes of boosting brain performance. Peppermint has been known to stimulate olfactory receptors in humans. Similarly, acidity is an alternative powerful taste stimulant. Although acidity stimulates taste receptors and not olfactory receptors, taste and smell are very closely related which makes peppermint and acidity have similar overall effects. Since peppermint has shown improved memory and cognition in students, this study will now examine how acidity effects brain performance. This inquiry was investigated by giving 84 local high school students beverages of ranging acidity levels and soon after having them complete a timed, four-function math exam to test their brain performance. With average test scores of 38.62, 36.05, and 40.02 for the highest acidity, medium acidity, and lowest acidity beverage respectively with a control (no drink) average of 39.33, acidity does not appear to have an effect on student brain stimulation (p=.53). In conclusion, there was no statistically significant correlation between acidity and student brain function, but this was only a preliminary study and similar concepts should be further explored in the future.
Relationship Between Primary Guardians Marital Status and MBTI Results
Authors: Stanek Mercedes Lyn , Talarczyk Patricia
Published: September 2020

The goal of this research was to explore the potential relationship between a primary guardian’s marital status and the child resulting from that relationship’s MBTI personality type. Given that personality types are often linked to environmental factors, these two factor appeared to be linked psychologically. The relationship between the five main marital statuses, married, divorced, separated, widowed, and single mother/father, and the results of MBTI tests was explored in this study. To explore the possible relationship, a mixed method approach was employed to high school students ranging from grades nine to twelve. The participants were asked to participate in an MBTI personality test which was followed by a survey asking questions about the participant’s primary guardians. The marital status was found to have no impact on the personality types of the participants; all groups were found to tend to be more introverted than extroverted.
The Effects of Multilingualism on Reading Speed
Authors: Kim Gloria , Azzaretto Jeanette , Moltz Katie
Published: September 2020

Multilingualism is the ability to use several languages with equal fluency by an individual. It has been seen to have various effects on one’s academic performance which is connected to reading speed. Through a two-part, mixed-method approach that consisted of a survey related to multilingualism and true experiment (an online reading speed quiz), data was collected from adults ages 30-59 in the United States. Both monolinguals and multilinguals participated in order to determine the effects multilingualism has on reading speed. Upon analyzing the reading speed times of the participants, it was found that multilingualism does not have a significant impact on individuals’ reading speed when compared to monolinguals. This study demonstrates that multilingualism may not be the most critical factor affecting academic performance. Among broader implications, a change in education systems to be geared toward advancing reading speed could be highly beneficial.
The Effects of Synesthesia on Recall Memory Abilities in Teenagers
Authors: Borr Emily , Kellen Michael
Published: September 2020

Synesthesia is a rare phenomenon in which people associate an inducer, such as a sound, song, or sequence of time, with a specific concurrent, such as a color, shape, or physical sensation. Very little is known about what causes this phenomenon, although due to a recent influx of research, it has been recorded that synesthesia provides a wide array of cognitive benefits to those who experience it, with the most notable being memory. Children with synesthesia in group studies have not been shown to have advantageous memory, while adults with synesthesia in group studies have shown the opposite. However, a group study of this nature has never been conducted on teenagers with synesthesia, despite this being the age range where advantageous memory would seem likely to manifest. This study conducts an experimental analysis on the relationship between synesthesia and advantageous memory in teenagers for immediate, delayed, and matrix recall memory. The results of this study show that teenagers with synesthesia have a memory advantage in matrix recall memory, leading to the conclusion that, for some types of memory, synesthesia begins to provide a benefit in the years of adolescence.
What Student Positions can be Created on the LBUSD BOE to Increase the Effectiveness of Student Representation?
Authors: Hardesty Emily
Published: September 2020

The Long Beach Unified School District Board of Education and superintendent make efforts to have student representation in the decision making process. However, there are many shortcomings in the student representation structure of the LBUSD BOE. The systems set in place do not encourage consistent and active student participation, and evaluations of recent student board member involvement show minimal to no participation. By comparing LBUSD to other CORE school districts, there are clear differences in the way students are represented on the BOE. Notably, many CORE school districts elect student BOE members and include a Student Advisory Council to advise the Board. Other CORE school districts have experienced valuable student participation with their models. LBUSD can draw from other CORE school districts to create a system of student representation on the BOE that fosters student involvement and values student voice.
“We’re just all human, ya know?”: Comparing the Rhetoric of President Donald Trump With the Immigration Stories of Mexican Immigrants
Authors: Andresen Sarah , Davis Stefanie
Published: September 2020

Immigration has been part of American society for as long as America has been established. Because of the differing opinions and attitudes of immigration, the question arises: how does the rhetoric used in the immigration stories of Mexican immigrants living in the central Indianapolis area reflect rhetoric used under the Trump administration regarding Mexican immigration and the characterization of Mexican immigrants? A mixed-method study consisting of qualitative interviews and content analysis was conducted in order to answer this question. Interviews from Mexican immigrants were analyzed, as well as four 2018 rally speeches by President Donald Trump. The analyses were compared, and it was found that the rhetoric used highly differed in the interviews and speeches, with President Trump’s rhetoric being more negative and the immigrants’ rhetoric being more positive.
Reconciling Epicurean Friendship and Egoism Through a Rule Egoist Reading
Authors: Gupta Aashka
Published: September 2020

Ancient Greece gave rise to many prominent philosophical figures. Of these, a notable academic was Epicurus (341 - 270 BC), a Samoan who was influential in the development of the Stoic school of thought. While Epicurus’s scholarship includes several subject areas, he is most notable for his work in ethics and egoism. As a subset of this philosophical field, Epicurus investigates the role of a selfless, virtuous friendship in the cultivation of a moral life, as well as the need for a selfish and rational egoism. Thus, as scholars have pointed out, the notions of selfless friendship and self-interest egoism, while maintained parallelly by Epicurus, seem to be in tension with each other. This paper examines the relationship between an ideal Epicurean friendship and Epicurus’s concept of egoism, and attempts to resolve both notions under a reading of rule egoism.
The Relationship Between Implicitly Political Films and Political Polarization
Authors: Cantrell Jadyn , Rudman Russell
Published: September 2020

Throughout history, art has played a vast role in both culture and activism. With the United States having a booming film industry centered in the heart of Los Angeles and spreading all across the country, it is hard to believe that such a huge cultural phenomenon does not impact the viewpoints of United States voters and their decision making at the polls. This study dives into that impact, looking at both quantitative and qualitative research, trying to uncover the influence that implicitly political films have on political polarization and answer the question: what is the relationship between implicitly political feature films released between 2009 and 2019 and political polarization in the United States?  The quantitative research of this study exposed a correlation between the year of the presidency and the number of successful implicitly political films that were released per year. The qualitative surveys from this study uncovered that teenagers today do not feel particularly influenced by the movies that they watched growing up, therefore suggesting that if implicitly political films have any effect on political decision making, it is at the subconscious level. As times change and technology improves, it seems that there is no limit to the extent of influence. It is important to understand this influence and its implications before it is too late.
Exhibition of ‘the Drawing Effect’ Across VARK Learning Preferences in High School Students
Authors: Ohman Arianne , Anderson Cheryl
Published: September 2020

In a free-recall experiment, the presence of 'the drawing effect' in relation to VARK learning preferences was examined in high school students. Participants were asked to draw and write out a list of presented words and afterwards completed a questionnaire to identify their VARK learning preferences. There was no statistically significant difference between the number of written words recalled versus the number of drawn words recalled. Further, no relationship between VARK learning scores and the drawing effect was identified. This experiment indicates that high school students of all VARK preferences do not display the drawing effect which may reflect a nuance in adolescent cognition or the recent modification of high school instructional practices. The findings of this study may encourage high school educators to focus more on quality of content rather than medium of presentation to create memorable lessons. Further research may determine whether the results of this research are consistent across age groups and with other high school student demographics.
Bridging the Financial Gap Among Young People
Authors: Torres Hannah , Rudman Russell
Published: September 2020

Experts have determined that the cost of attending college is rising (Williams, 2006) and as a result, it has altered college graduates’ cumulative debt levels. In addition, research shows that those who attend college are more likely to earn higher salaries (Ma et al., 2016). Consequently, the existence of a low-income college graduate population would be considered a paradox. Simultaneous to such changes mentioned, homeownership among young individuals is declining in the United States (Dettling & Hsu, 2014). As of today, research has focused on the relationship between student loan debt and homeownership but has neglected the relationship between cumulative debt and homeownership. This study will answer the following question: What is the relationship between cumulative debt acquired by low-income college graduates between the ages of 23-40 in the United States in the 21st century and the corresponding likelihood of homeownership? Through interviews with five low-income college graduates, I collected narratives describing their outlooks on cumulative debt and its influences on homeownership. Through thematic analysis, I drew connections between common themes that indicated how cumulative debt affected one’s actions or thoughts regarding purchasing a home.  The results showed that cumulative debt has negative effects on homeownership. Subjects disclosed that their struggle to pay their cumulative debt and inability to accumulate wealth were the two most common hindrances of purchasing a home. This is significant because cumulative debt predetermines how the subject manages their finances to pursue purchasing a home and such data may influence the financial decisions of future generations.
Assessing Differing Eyelash Extension Compositions and their Microorganisms
Authors: Tripathi Medha , Webb Rachel
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the quantitative relationship between parasite Demodex folliculorum and three different eyelash extension types: mink, sable and silk. In spite of the disruption of experimentation and the resulting necessary altercations due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the research method followed was quasi-experimental. Rather than directly assessing the correlation between eyelash extension types and Demodex folliculorum, the relationship both variables had with bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis was examined to reach a conclusion. The process of experimenting and synthesizing prior information resulted in heavy usage of primary and secondary data to reach the conclusion that sable eyelash extensions comparatively promote the least growth of Demodex folliculorum and are therefore the safest option for eyelash extension users.
Working Memory Capacity and Familiarity With Testing Environment
Authors: Lu Yu Yi , Jones Jonathan , Booth Rachel
Published: September 2020

Previous studies have shown converging evidence that negative perceptions of the surrounding environment lead to lower standardized test performance among stigmatized individuals. However, there has been minimal research done about the underlying cognitive mechanism that may account for these effects. I hypothesized that unfamiliarity with the surrounding environment interferes with test performance because it limits individuals’ working memory capacity. This within-subjects experiment, with a total of 35 Leland High School students, tested that hypothesis. A self-produced version of the working memory span task was given to all participants in both of their prospective classrooms, familiar and unfamiliar. Through a matched-paired t-test analysis, the results demonstrated that unfamiliarity with the surrounding environment significantly limited one’s working memory capacity. Implications for future studies are discussed.
Evaluation of the Clinton River Watershed Water Quality as an Indication of Salinization due to Road Deicing Methods
Authors: Pascotto Lucas , Webb Rachel
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the full effect that road salting practices in Southeastern Michigan have had on local streams. The research method followed as an experimental procedure commonly used in the environmental science field. Variables measured include pH, total phosphates, nitrates, turbidity, salt content and conductivity. The resulting conclusions indicate a significant change in water quality between the non-winter and winter months tested. Although significant change was identified, no single value exceeded legal limits in the respective area.
Gender Bias in High School Congressional Debate Scores
Authors: Myles Amanda
Published: September 2020

Throughout history, stereotypes and negative ideology have led to gender inequality. This paper explores the presence of gender inequality in the scoring of high school congressional debate. The study conducted was a quantitative analysis of Ohio Speech and Debate Association tournament score sheets from 2013-2020. The rank total, preliminary result, and average preliminary result of each competitor of three tournaments per season were recorded to discover if one gender tends to score better than the other. The results showed that both genders have about equal percentages of participants who receive high scores (31.28% of females and 32.64% of males), medium range scores (34.60% of females and 32.32% of males), and low scores (34.12% of females and 34.76% of males). Chi-square tests completed on the data showed no statistical significance in the difference between the scores of female and male participants (p=.89481). According to the data collected, there is no significant evidence of a gender bias present in the scoring of high school congressional debate.
Control, Conflict, Surveillance: Similarities of Themes in Dystopian Fiction and Reality Television
Authors: Wylie Aidan
Published: September 2020

Despite substantial research into reality television and dystopian fiction, there are no studies that combine an examination of both, even though the two forms of media share a number of major themes. This research paper looks at the correlation between the shared themes of dystopian fiction and reality television. A quantitative selection process was used to determine the materials to be observed for this study, while a qualitative content analysis was used to gather data on both of the media that were being observed. The study found that each of the themes were used differently in the media, with dystopian fiction focusing on the use of control and surveillance while reality television mainly relied on conflict to entertain viewers. The data suggests that the producers of reality television play similar roles in shaping their dramas as the leaders of totalitarian governments do in the plots of dystopian fiction.
To What Extent Does Fandom Wikia Act as a Model for Labor Exploitation?
Authors: Lim Justin , Lawrence Samantha
Published: September 2020

Founded in 2004, the company, Fandom, provided a new outlet for fans to engage with the media they love: a platform to edit and view information about their interests, as well as meet others who share those interests. It is possible, however, that Fandom has taken advantage of this as a vast pool of labor. As Fandom makes money from ad revenue and their users continue to make pages of information making ads more accessible, it comes into question whether or not this is a model for labor exploitation. In order to classify it as such, two conditions needed to be fulfilled to qualify Fandom as a model: is Fandom monopolistic and does it take advantage of its users. Whereas the monopolistic aspect can be determined by seeing if other media fill the niche Fandom does, the second aspect will be determined using Katz’s Uses and Gratifications Theory. A survey was conducted from user responses to analyze how users view Fandom. It was determined from the 50 responses that Fandom fits the model as it is the only media platform that fulfills an informational and social niche concurrently. The website also fulfills all aspects of Katz’s Theory, therefore, the second condition for labor exploitation is fulfilled. Although Fandom acts as a model for labor exploitation, this does not outline the moral aspects of its activities; this only classifies it as a model to be utilized for reference as technology continues to make controversial issues such as labor exploitation more ambiguous.
Blue Light Therapy and the Circadian Rhythm: Effect on Southern California High School Students
Authors: Hoy Aaron
Published: September 2020

Blue-light therapy is well known for curing patients with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), where the patient experiences depressive factors. In this study I used blue-light therapy in the form of blue-light lightboxes from the comapny Circadian Optics, as seen on shark tank. Instead of using the lightboxes to cure SAD, they were instead used to see if they provoked the participants sleep quality. The participants from Polytechnic highschool were selected from the Badminton Team, where the athletes woke up at five a.m. on school days. This ensured that the crowd was overall tired and fatigued. Over the four week testing course, participants proved positive results.
The Preventive Use of Probiotics Against Gastrointestinal HAIs in Ontario
Authors: Bergeron Hartman Raphaella
Published: September 2020

Given confounding evidence in the literature and the lack of standardized guidelines in Canada, little is known about the process through which clinical dieticians decide whether or not to implement a probiotics course with the intent of preventing gastrointestinal healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in Ontario. This study uses a mixed-method design featuring a content analysis of the literature and a survey addressed to clinical dietitians in Ontario to investigate (a) the likelihood of clinical dietitians in recommending probiotics course to prevent gastrointestinal healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and (b) their reasoning in setting certain parameters of such a probiotics course. Among the four respondents obtained for the survey, all ranked their likelihood of prescribing probiotics to prevent nosocomial gastrointestinal infections as medium or less. The determination of parameters in a course were largely influenced by guidelines and/or evidence, case-specific consideration and fixed procedures, as these were mentioned among other themes by the largest number of respondents and were included in the largest amount of questions on average. Finally, parameters which the majority of respondents determined using the same themes were the dose of probiotics, timing of the course with regards to antibiotics, and type of probiotics. 

Keywords: Probiotics, Gastrointestinal infections, Nosocomial infections, HAIs, Gut flora, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial resistance
Working
Authors: Ash Stephen V.
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines how Richmond managed to avoid starvation through its abundance of jobs related to the war industry; it also offers details about other industries that suffered from unemployment. Because conscription laws took men away from their usual jobs, the increase in job openings allowed women, children, and the elderly to work. Lastly, this chapter reflects on the Local Defence Forces (LDF), which consisted of non-active military white male Richmonders.
White Society and Its Discontents
Authors: Ash Stephen V.
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores class among Richmond’s white folk during the Civil War, and the different classes are identified by their privilege, work, and clothing. Richmond’s elite identified with wealth and relied on domestic service from slaves. Middle-class Richmonders did not have the power of elites, but they did make up the majority of society. By contrast, the lower class struggled with wages.
A Missed Opportunity?
Authors: Raghavan Srinath
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines the claim that the Nehru-Zhou summit of April 1960 was a missed opportunity for settlement of the boundary dispute. It argues that the summit must be viewed in the context of wider developments in the Cold War as well as Indian politics. Drawing on fresh sources, the chapter contends that perceptions of China's territorial ambitions, India's relative weakness and shifting geopolitics of the Cold War are crucial to understanding the stance adopted by the Nehru government and the outcome of the summit.
Nuclear Ambiguity and International Status
Authors: Mukherjee Rohan
Published: September 2020

India’s abstinence from nuclear weapons through the 1960s continues to puzzle political scientists who study the causes of nuclear proliferation and historians who study India’s specific path to nuclear weapons. This chapter argues that India’s nuclear interregnum of the 1960s is best explained by understanding the status benefits that nuclear ambiguity as a component of a non-aligned foreign policy bestowed upon India. India’s best response to an external nuclear threat and internal domestic pressure to build the bomb was not to actually go nuclear but rather to publicly keep the option open while simultaneously pushing for disarmament as a serious foreign policy goal. This strategy gave India a special position in the international community as a scientifically advanced and potentially powerful yet essentially peaceful nation. Nowhere was this clearer than in India’s contribution to debates in the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament (ENCD) convened by the United Nations between 1962 and 1969.
Promoting Development without Struggle
Authors: Harder Anton
Published: September 2020

This chapter’s focus on attitudes toward development contributes to new assessments of the causes of the Sino-Indian border war of 1962, Sino-Indian relations in general, and the Sino-Soviet split. The chapter examines Nehru’s economic development model and provides insight on his perspective to unify Asia. However, China believed otherwise. Political conversation and movements led Beijing to grow wary of India and Nehru’s intentions surrounding development.
The Means and Meanings of Carceral Mobility
Authors: Blue Ethan
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores how trains and steamboats—the iconic engines of mobility, freedom, and transcontinental connection—also served nativist designs as the new technology for mobile captivity and national expulsion. Situated between the intersection of settler economy and rapid industrialization, the chapter’s transnational exploration of deportation trains dissects the private–public partnership between state agencies and the Southern Pacific Railroad. This partnership first detained and deported Chinese immigrants in the American West, and from that experience a “hybrid public–private space” was created as an engine of deportability that affirmed national border control through rapid locomotion. After being detained, the state placed Chinese and Mexican noncitizens aboard train cars where moving segregation and speedy expulsion ensured locomotive border control. This chapter argues that historians must adopt a “mobility turn” that moves beyond the permanence of fixed carceral structures and institutions to adopt a more transnational view where the coerced and confined dislocation of people is bound to the blur of carceral motion.
Organizing Capital and Controlling Race and Labor
Authors: Kim Jessica M.
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores how, as Los Angeles capitalists embarked on investment ventures and urban-imperial expansion across Mexico, they extended concepts of race and labor forged in Los Angeles to build networks for investment and to control their Mexican workforce. They channelled a history of working with California’s Mexican American elite into productive partnerships with president Porfirio Díaz and other Mexican elites. Los Angeles investors also applied ideas about race and labor developed in Southern California to their investments in Mexico. These ideas were also linked to their perspective on race and American empire-building around the globe. Anglo-American investors in Los Angeles believed that a hierarchy of race justified their labor system in Southern California as well as imperial exploits around the globe. These investors included William Rosecrans; Harrison Gray Otis, owner of the Los Angeles Times; Senator Thomas Bard; and oil baron Edward Doheny. They believed that Mexican land, resources, and labor could be drawn into Los Angeles’s commercial orbit in the form of a racialized labor system and “informal” empire.
Epilogue
Authors: Kim Jessica M.
Published: September 2020

The epilogue explores the lasting significance of Los Angeles-based investment in Mexico in the late twentieth century. Early Los Angeles investors bequeathed the city with tangible remembrances of their wealth in the form of libraries, colleges, public parks, and a public observatory, still visible across the city’s landscape. More significantly, late nineteenth-century investment strategies designed to link the region to financial networks in Mexico and around the globe had come to fruition in Los Angeles’s status as a “global city” or “global city-region.” In the twenty-first century, global city-regions such as Los Angeles are home to multinational corporations, major centers for manufacturing and trade, and media and finance complexes and often function as the engines of the global economy. Open trade policies such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) facilitate this economic growth but at the expense of Mexico and Mexican workers. Steady economic growth in Los Angeles also attracted Mexican workers, often displaced by policies such as NAFTA, to the region, where they play a key role in helping Los Angeles cement its position as a major economic player in the United States and around the globe.
American Journalists, Artists, and Adventurers and the Zionist Movement (1917–1947)
Authors: Goldman Shalom
Published: September 2020

Beginning with the “reconquest of Jerusalem” of the British over the Turks, this chapter details the transition to British rule and the seeds sown for future conflict. The Balfour Declaration served as a clarion call both to Jews and American Evangelicals, for whom the obsession with a Jewish return to Jerusalem resounded with Biblical import. The chapter also details opponents of Zionism, such as Joseph P. Kennedy, appointed by Franklin Delano Roosevelt as ambassador to Great Britain during the transition to British rule in Palestine. Further, it accounts for the two main branches of political belief in the Yishuv, Palestine’s Jewish community: Labor Zionism, embodied by David Ben Gurion, and Revisionism, embodied by Vladimir Jabotinsky. Finally, the chapter explores Ghandi’s relationship to Israel, the rise of the Nazi state vis a vis British Palestine, and American pro-Israel activism and fundraising in New York City and on Broadway, by such champions as Ben Hecht.
Cross-Cultural Admiration and Upheaval
Authors: Goldman Shalom
Published: September 2020

This chapter details Israel’s embrace by American pop cultural divas Madonna, Whitney Houston, and Barbra Streisand even as American criticism of Israel built to a higher pitch. It The pages also explore the increasing ambiguity of outlook on Israel by various American celebrities, including one-time supporter Stevie Wonder, and continued supporters Bob Dylan and Paul McCartney. Finally, it presents Israel’s fierce response to its perceived critics, both political and cultural, including President Jimmy Carter and the controversial opera The Death of Klingoffer.
The Color Line of Scrimmage and Sporting Congregations
Authors: White Derrick E.
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines the beginnings of college football at HBCUs from the late nineteenth century through the 1930s. Black college football started as a separate institution distinct, yet similar, to the game played at predominately white institutions. This chapter uses Gaither’s early biography to examine how the pieces of the sporting congregation came together to support Black college football.
Black Gold
Authors: White Derrick E.
Published: September 2020

This chapter chronicles the war between the American Football League (AFL) and the NFL and the new opportunities created for HBCU football players. FAMU’s Bob Hayes, who won two gold medals in the 1964 Olympics, was a chief beneficiary. Hayes signed with the Dallas Cowboys in 1965, and quickly became one of the best rookies in professional football.
The Corporate Elite and the Drug Enforcement Regime
Authors: Bartilow Horace A.
Published: September 2020

The legislative deliberations of Plan Colombia and the Mérida Initiative also supported elite theories of the state and showed that corporate campaign contributions and the reciprocal relationships between corporate elites and the federal government also influence American counternarcotic aid flows. This chapter uses the Heckman selection estimator to ascertain whether these outcomes are also generalizable. First, it uses principal component factor analysis to create an index to operationalize C. Wright Mills’ concept of an interlocking directorate, which measures the interconnections among corporate board of directors for the corporations in the data set and their interconnections with policy think tanks and the U.S. government. The statistical findings provide evidence that corporate campaign contributions, corporate inter-locks with think tanks and the federal government, and an interlocking directorate systematically increased U.S. counternarcotic aid to eighty recipient countries. And since drug enforcement policy making toward Colombia and Mexico also demonstrated that congressional funding for the drug war is a source of corporate revenues, the chapter concludes by utilizes a time-series cross section statistical analysis that shows that increasing levels of counternarcotic aid flows increases corporate capital accumulation again confirming that the case study findings are generalizable.