bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Large Haemangioma Mimicking Soft Tissue Sarcoma over the Chest Wall: An Oncological Surprise
Authors: Saha Bijan Kumar
Published: November 2022

Haemangiomas are tumours which takes origin from blood vessels. Extremities are most common site for occurrence of haemangiomas. Chest wall haemangiomas are rare and they may mimic soft tissue sarcoma. Biopsy or attempt of surgical excision before imaging may lead to bleeding which can be life threatening. A 40-year-old male patient presented to the Outpatient Department (OPD) with large, painless swelling on the left side of back. On examination, 25×15 cm non-tender, firm in consistency swelling was noted which was fixed to underlying muscle. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed multiple dilated sinuses with blood suggestive of haemangioma/ arteriovenous malformation. Patient underwent excision of haemangioma without any complication. Histopathological examination showed thin-walled blood vessels with proliferating vascular space separated by fibrous stroma suggestive of capillary haemangioma. Patient had no recurrence after one year follow-up.
Assessment of Mesiodistal Angulation of Maxillary Lateral Incisors: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hajira Neha , Dhara HS Shashi , Khandelwal Pulkit
Published: November 2022

Introuction: Idealistic prosthodontic treatment goals differ for different ethnic groups around the world. Dentogenic concept provides a quality of treatment and a more natural, harmonious and pleasing prosthesis as desired by patients. Providing natural and satisfactory aesthetics is especially important for anterior tooth prosthesis. Various degrees of crown angulation, have significant effect on attractiveness of smile. Aim: To study the degree of mesiodistal angulation of maxillary right and left lateral incisors in both genders of different age groups, to guide in the arrangement of teeth fulfilling the fundamentals by providing a functionally and aesthetically satisfactory denture. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Prosthodontics at College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India, from June 2012 to May 2015. A total of 500 patients with normal maxillomandibular relationship (250 males and 250 females) were included in the study and were divided into three age groups i.e, group A (21- 30 years), group B (31-40 years), group C (41-50 years). Clinical examination of patients was performed and dental casts of these patients were studied. A custom-made positioning jig was used to measure the mesiodistal angulations of maxillary right and left lateral incisors. The results were obtained by statistical analysis using paired-t test, One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s Post-Hoc tests. Results: The mean value for mesiodistal angulation of maxillary right and left lateral incisors in males was found to be 6.648±0.9889 and 6.704±1.0042 degrees, respectively. The mean value for mesiodistal angulation of maxillary right and left lateral incisors in females, was found to be 6.592±0.8296 and 6.580±0.8381 degrees, respectively. Conclusion: The mesiodistal angulation of maxillary lateral incisors was comparatively greater in males than in females and the variation in the angulation was slightly more for maxillary left lateral incisors. The values for mesiodistal angulations of maxillary lateral incisors can serve, as guidelines for the arrangement of teeth and help in achieving desired aesthetics, provide adequate lip support and restore required functions.
Amelanotic Malignant Melanoma of Buccal Mucosa: A Case Report
Authors: Santhanam Vidyalakshmi , Nagaraja Vezhavendhan , Aroumugam Santhadevy , Suganya R , Muthanandham Shivaramakrishnan
Published: November 2022

Amelanotic melanoma is an atypical variation from pigmented malignant melanoma. The clinical lack of pigment compromises the physician’s clinical diagnosis of the lesion. Presence of certain features like red hair, freckles, photosensitivity, previous history or family history predispose the possibility of occurrence of amelanotic melanoma. As the name suggests, the lesions lack pigmentations clinically and mimic many benign and malignant lesions which can be life threatening and thus, cause a diagnostic challenge. Hence, clinicians are expected to have a high suspicion on such lesions, and also judiciously employ biopsy ,thus eluding the possibility of emerging of lethal lesions. About 50% of head and melanomas occur in the oral cavity. Of all the melanomas, 2% are amelanotic and majority of them occur in oral cavity. These lesions pose a greater degree of threat, because of the possibility of delayed diagnosis. The timely clinical and laboratory diagnosis favours the patient prognosis. No specific aetiologic factors or risk factors have been recognised for oral melanomas. Hereby, the authors present a case of 60-year-old female patients with ulceroproliferative growth in the left cheek region, which was provisionally diagnosed as malignant ulcer, immunohistochemical investigation of the biopsied sections revealed the diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma. The present case report illustrates the need of addition of a panel of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers in the routine diagnosis. The application of such panels avoid the delay in diagnosis and scale-up the prognosis.
Traditional Classroom Teaching versus Online Teaching in COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective and Experiences of School Teachers in Northern India
Authors: Sharma Palak , Yadav Shiv Kumar , Piyush AR
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected everyone across the globe. The complete lockdown was imposed worldwide to cut down the chain of transmission. During lockdown, the decision was taken to shift from classroom teaching to online application (app)-based teaching. Numerous studies have documented that compared to classroom teaching, online teaching possesses various challenges both for teachers and learners. Aim: Assessment of perception of the school teachers regarding online teaching compared to traditional classroom teaching. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 school teachers of various government and private schools in Northern India from November 2020 to December 2020. An online questionnaire (English language) of 15 questions was used for assessing school teachers’ perspectives and experiences of online teaching compared to traditional classroom teaching and was designed on basis of 5-point likert scale. Informed consent was obtained before the data collection. Data analysis was done using Microsoft excel 2019 software. Results: Among the 100 school teachers who participated in the study, 74% were females and the majority of study participants i.e. 69% were in the age group 31-50 years. Overall, 86% agreed that the online method is a supplement and not a replacement for traditional classroom teaching. Only nine teachers were fully satisfied with online teaching methods. The difference in school teachers’ perceptions was found to be statistically significant (Paired t-test) while comparing classroom teaching to online teaching on various variables viz-teachers satisfaction, students’ feedback, students’ punctuality, and learning experience. Conclusion: Classroom teaching provides more opportunities to monitor students’ progress, learning, assessment, feedback and discussion, and online teaching can also be used to supplement classroom teaching as and when required.
Effect of Air versus 1% Lignocaine used for Endotracheal Tube Cuff Inflation on Laryngotracheal Morbidity after Laparoscopic Surgery- A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Panchal Nirali Nimeshkumar , Pathak Bhumika Pradipkumar , Surani Himali Narbheram , Khara Birva Nimit
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Endotracheal intubation in general anaesthesia is associated with post intubation morbidity due to prolonged inflation of Endotracheal Tube (ETT) cuff with air. During laparoscopic surgery their incidence increases further. Lignocaine is likely to diffuse through ETT cuff when instilled into it. As a result, it decreases coughing, sore throat and hoarseness by reducing local irritation and inflammation of the airway. Aim: To compare the effect of air and 1% lignocaine used for ETT cuff inflation on postoperative sore throat, hoarseness of voice and coughing in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries. Materials and Methods: This double-blinded randomised clinical study was conducted at Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, Gujarat, India, between September 2021 to March 2022. Total of 54 patients were randomly divided into two groups with 27 in each; group A (air) and group X (1% lignocaine= 2% lignocaine and equal volume of normal saline). Postextubation patients were assessed for Postoperative Sore Throat (POST), hoarseness and coughing at 2 hours and 18-24 hours. Fisher’s-exact test was used to find association between categorical variables in both the groups. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age in group A was 46.04±10.26 years, and in group X was 48.59±10.92 years. At 2 hours, in group X 11% (n=3) of patients had postoperative sore throat as compared to group A where nine patients (33%) reported postoperative sore throat (p-value=0.099). Group X showed a significantly reduced incidence of postoperative sore throat at 18-24 hours, hoarseness of voice, coughing at 2 hours and at 18-24 hours as compared to group A. Conclusion: The use of 1% lignocaine for ETT cuff inflation in laparoscopic surgeries was associated with reduced incidence of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness of voice and coughing as compared to air.
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressive: A Case Report on Rare Musculoskeletal Disorder
Authors: Arya Manoj , Shakunt Rajendra , Singh Anoop Raj , Verma Shipra , Kanaujia Vinay
Published: November 2022

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressive (FOP) (also known as Myositis ossificans progressiva/Stone man disease/Munchmeyer’s disease) is one of the unfamiliar congenital disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system. It is characterised by extraosseous progressive heterotrophic osteogenesis in muscle, tendon, and ligament and associated deformities in toes. It starts around the age of 3-5 years and aggressively involves the musculoskeletal system; the affected child becomes immobile in the early twenties. The early phase of the disease is often misdiagnosed by medical experts due to its rarity and unfamiliarity. This was a case of FOP in a 5-year-old female child from western Uttar Pradesh. The presenting complaints were swelling in the lower back region, which was gradually increasing in size, and bilateral foot deformity. The diagnosis of FOP was based on elaborated history, clinical examination, and radiological investigation of the skeletal malformations. The child was provided with symptomatic treatment and her parents were counselled regarding the disease course.
Rare Neurological Presentations of Paediatrics COVID-19 Cases Reported at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mizoram, India
Authors: Lalhmangaihzuali F Elizabeth , Ralte Wendy L , Lalrintluangi C , Khiangte Zonuntluangi , Anusuya Ganesh Shanmugasundaram
Published: November 2022

Apart from the regular respiratory symptoms, neurological manifestations like headache, encephalopathy, encephalitis, seizure, coma, demyelinating disorders, and aseptic meningitis has been seen in paediatric Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) positive cases. The present case series is about three children, of age range 9 to 15 years, who presented with encephalitis between January 2022- February 2022. All the children tested positive for COVID-19, either by Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) or by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). One patient had necrotising encephalitis like changes in the MRI neuroimaging of the brain, but negative Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) PCR in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF). The second patient’s Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain was suggestive of acute encephalopathy, but with normal CSF analysis. The third patient presented with clinical findings suggestive of encephalitis with normal CSF study and normal MRI. The children were managed with antipyretics, antiepileptics, antibiotics, and antiviral, injection mannitol, and steroids. After the completion of the treatment, all the children were alive and were discharged from the hospital.
A Cross-sectional Observational Study on Distal Femoral Morphometry in West-central Maharashtra, India
Authors: Dwivedi Anil Kumar , Airan Niyati , Bhatnagar Rajan
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Femur or thigh bone is the longest bone of the human skeleton. The lower end of the femur articulates with the tibia to form the knee joint. Femur shows morphometric variations in relation to geography, race, ethnic group, and gender. Aim: To measure various dimensions of the lower end of the femur in West-central Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India from May 2010 to May 2013 on 280 adult dried femora (136 Right and 144 Left). The lower ends of the femora were evaluated for bicondylar width (BCW), anteroposterior diameter of both medial and lateral condyles, the transverse diameter of both medial and lateral condyles, intercondylar notch width, notch width index, and femoral aspect ratio. All the measurements of the right and left femur were obtained by Vernier caliper and recorded separately. The data was analysed statistically using student’s ‘t-test. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean bicondylar width for the right and left-side were 72.83±5.09 mm and 71.83±5.65 mm, respectively. Medial condyle anteroposterior diameter (MCAPD) for right and left femur were 56.99±3.79 mm and 55.20±4.35 mm. Lateral condyle anteroposterior diameter (LCAPD) for right and left femur were 57.48±4.96 mm and 56.37±4.55 mm. Medial condyle transverse diameter (MCTD) for right and left-side were 23.68±2.68 mm and 23.63±2.40 mm. Lateral condyle transverse diameter (LCTD) for right and left-side were 25.26±2.56 mm and 25.24±2.62 mm. Intercondylar notch width (ICNW) for right and left-side were 21.06±2.45 mm and 21.00±2.62 mm. Notch width index for right and left femur were 0.29±0.03 and 0.29±0.03. The Femoral Aspect Ratio (FAR) for right and left-side was 1.27±0.07 and 1.28±0.05, respectively. In this study, there were no statistically significant differences between values of right and left-sides except, medial condyle anteroposterior diameter showed a statistically significant difference between the two sides (p=0.0002). Conclusion: The morphometric data collected from the lower end of the femur indicated ethnic variations with a different populations in India and abroad. Values obtained in the present study were less than the dimensions of commonly available femoral implants because the design of most of these implants is based on dimensions of foreign populations, indicating size mismatch. These data will aid in the decision-making and implant design, suitable for local population.
Supervision of Science Teaching in Secondary Schools in Rivers State – A Rethink and Application of Scientific Supervision Model (Stoner, Freeman & Gilbert 2007)
Authors: Avwiri Eseroghene , Okey I. Francis
Published: November 2022

The paper examined the current practice of schools’ supervision in Rivers State as applied to science teaching/learning. Based on the nature of science teaching which involves experimentation, demonstration, fieldtrip, guided inquiring, use of process skills and laboratory methods. The use of Personnel Supervision Model (PSM) is inadequate, exclusively for science teachers for lack of integration of supervision with respect to areas of specialization; inability to probe teacher creativity, use of process skills and verification of products of science hence supervisors should differentiate supervision strategy between the social and management science subjects from that of pure sciences. It is suggested that the Scientific Supervision Model [1] be used to assess teaching and learning of science in order to inject adequate behavioral change among supervisees and anchor science supervision specialty-specific. The Model offers probe of instructional methods, processes and management of personnel in science. Supervisors for science teaching should be trained on the proposed Scientific Supervision Model (SSM) modified for Science Supervision in Secondary Schools.
Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Management for Boro Rice Cultivation in a Single Boro Cropping Area
Authors: Galib Md. Asadulla Al , Farzana Sumaiya , Tarek Md. Khalid Hasan , Hossen Muhammad Tofajjal , Ety Most. Tafrin Jahan , Chakrobarty Tusher
Published: November 2022

Aims: In any agricultural production system, combining organic and chemical fertilizers into the soil is regarded as a useful management practice since it boosts soil fertility and crop growth. The goal of the current study was to ascertain the effects of combined organic and inorganic fertilizer treatment on the yield contributing traits, yield, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of BRRI dhan89 in a single Boro cropping area.

Study Design: With three replications, the experiment was set up in a two factor RCB design. Organic fertilizer treatment was regarded as Factor-a, while inorganic fertilizer as Factor-b.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in a farmer's field in Nagarkanda, Faridpur, Bangladesh from December 2021 to May 2022.

Methodology: Factor-a comprises two treatments named cowdung (CD) and poultry manure (PM). Factor-b comprises five treatments named T0 (control), T1, T2, T3, and T4. In the main field, organic fertilizers were used just two weeks prior to transplanting. In all inorganic fertilizer treatments, Urea top dressed in three installments at 15 DAT, 30 DAT and 5 days before panicle initiation. In T4 treatment, MoP split at two installments, one during final land preparation and another 5 days before panicle initiation.

Results: The highest no. of effective tillers, yield contributing traits, grain yield, straw yield, nutrient concentration (%) in both grain and straw, nutrient uptake by grain and straw observed in organic fertilizer treatment PM, inorganic fertilizer treatment T4 and treatment interaction PM × T4 whereas the lowest found in CD, T0 and CD × T0. The maximum nutrient use efficiency was recorded by PM × T4 treatment interaction and minimum in CD × T1.

Conclusion: Comparing all of the treatments employed in the current study, the treatment interaction PM × T4 generated the best results for BRRI dhan89 in a single Boro cropping area.
Implementation of Enterprise Risk Management in Medium-Sized Priority Sector Companies in East Java
Authors: Leng Pwee , Basuki Basuki , Setiawan Rahmat
Published: November 2022

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has the benefit of enhancing organizational effectiveness, risk reporting, and improving business performance. The maturity measurement of ERM implementation is crucial in deducing risk management conditions and disparities within the company as means to achieve a more targeted ERM pursuance, one which is beneficial in assessing the company's condition. This study used sixteen criteria of ERM Maturity Models, to measure the maturity level of ERM implementation carried out by medium-sized industrial companies in priority sectors in East Java. Data were obtained from 137 company directors or managers of Medium Industry companies dispersed across 38 districts/cities in East Java among 6 priority sectors. Results showed that 43.5% and 46.6% of companies that experienced sales growth and an increase in net profit, respectively, are companies with optimal implementation of ERM. Meanwhile, 67% of companies that underwent a decline in sales performance and net profit turned out to be companies with weaker ERM implementation levels.
Sistem Akses Parkir dengan QR Code
Authors: Pratomo David Wahyu , Lim Resmana , Thiang Thiang
Published: November 2022

Teknologi pada era ini berkembang sangat pesat dan dapat membantu dalam kegiatan sehari-hari. Salah satu peranan teknologi yang dapat membantu kegiatan sehari-hari dapat terpenuhi melalui smartphone. Dalam penelitian ini dijelaskan desain sistem akses gerbang parkir pada sebuah gedung dengan penggunaan QR Code sebagai media akses gerbang parkir yang terdapat pada aplikasi smartphone, serta penggunaan protokol MQTT yang diterapkan pada jaringan untuk proses pertukaran data, sehingga dengan penggunaan metode ini dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi pengendara kendaraan bermotor untuk mengakses area parkir dengan menggunakan smartphone. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pembacaan QR Code berfungsi dengan baik pada jarak antara smartphone dengan kamera yaitu 15 cm sampai dengan jarak maksimal 105 cm. Serta proses generate QR Code pada aplikasi smartphone untuk akses masuk membutuhkan waktu 0.11 detik dan akses keluar membutuhkan waktu 0.26 detik.
Preexisting Neuropsychiatric Conditions and Associated Risk of Severe COVID-19 Infection and Other Acute Respiratory Infections
Authors: Ranger Tom Alan , Clift Ash Kieran , Patone Martina , Coupland Carol A. C. , Hatch Robert , Thomas Karen , Watkinson Peter , Hippisley-Cox Julia
Published: November 2022

Importance

Evidence indicates that preexisting neuropsychiatric conditions confer increased risks of severe outcomes from COVID-19 infection. It is unclear how this increased risk compares with risks associated with other severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs).

Objective

To determine whether preexisting diagnosis of and/or treatment for a neuropsychiatric condition is associated with severe outcomes from COVID-19 infection and other SARIs and whether any observed association is similar between the 2 outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Prepandemic (2015-2020) and contemporary (2020-2021) longitudinal cohorts were derived from the QResearch database of English primary care records. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 99% CIs were estimated in April 2022 using flexible parametric survival models clustered by primary care clinic. This study included a population-based sample, including all adults in the database who had been registered with a primary care clinic for at least 1 year. Analysis of routinely collected primary care electronic medical records was performed.

Exposures

Diagnosis of and/or medication for anxiety, mood, or psychotic disorders and diagnosis of dementia, depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder.

Main Outcomes and Measures

COVID-19–related mortality, or hospital or intensive care unit admission; SARI-related mortality, or hospital or intensive care unit admission.

Results

The prepandemic cohort comprised 11 134 789 adults (223 569 SARI cases [2.0%]) with a median (IQR) age of 42 (29-58) years, of which 5 644 525 (50.7%) were female. The contemporary cohort comprised 8 388 956 adults (58 203 severe COVID-19 cases [0.7%]) with a median (IQR) age of 48 (34-63) years, of which 4 207 192 were male (50.2%). Diagnosis and/or treatment for neuropsychiatric conditions other than dementia was associated with an increased likelihood of a severe outcome from SARI (anxiety diagnosis: HR, 1.16; 99% CI, 1.13-1.18; psychotic disorder diagnosis and treatment: HR, 2.56; 99% CI, 2.40-2.72) and COVID-19 (anxiety diagnosis: HR, 1.16; 99% CI, 1.12-1.20; psychotic disorder treatment: HR, 2.37; 99% CI, 2.20-2.55). The effect estimate for severe outcome with dementia was higher for those with COVID-19 than SARI (HR, 2.85; 99% CI, 2.71-3.00 vs HR, 2.13; 99% CI, 2.07-2.19).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this longitudinal cohort study, UK patients with preexisting neuropsychiatric conditions and treatments were associated with similarly increased risks of severe outcome from COVID-19 infection and SARIs, except for dementia.
Risk-Benefit Balance Associated With Obstetric, Neonatal, and Child Outcomes After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Rives-Lange Claire , Poghosyan Tigran , Phan Aurelie , Van Straaten Alexis , Girardeau Yannick , Nizard Jacky , Mitanchez Delphine , Ciangura Cécile , Coupaye Muriel , Carette Claire , Czernichow Sébastien , Jannot Anne-Sophie
Published: November 2022

Importance

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most efficient therapeutic option for severe obesity. Most patients who undergo MBS are women of childbearing age. Data in the scientific literature are generally of a low quality due to a lack of well-controlled prospective trials regarding obstetric, neonatal, and child outcomes.

Objective

To assess the risk-benefit balance associated with MBS around obstetric, neonatal, and child outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The study included 53 813 women on the French nationwide database who underwent an MBS procedure and delivered a child between January 2012 and December 2018. Each women was their own control by comparing pregnancies before and after MBS.

Exposures

The women included were exposed to either gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The study team first compared prematurity and birth weights in neonates born before and after maternal MBS with each other. Then they compared the frequencies of all pregnancy and child diagnoses in the first 2 years of life before and after maternal MBS with each other.

Results

A total of 53 813 women (median [IQR] age at surgery, 30 [26-35] years) were included, among 3686 women who had 1 pregnancy both before and after MBS. The study team found a significant increase in the small-for-gestational-age neonate rate after MBS (+4.4%) and a significant decrease in the large-for-gestational-age neonate rate (−12.6%). The study team highlighted that compared with pre-MBS births, after MBS births had fewer occurrences of gestational hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 0.16; 95% CI, 0.10-0.23) and gestational diabetes for the mother (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.34-0.45), as well as fewer birth injuries to the skeleton (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11-0.60), febrile convulsions (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21-0.67), viral intestinal infections (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.43-0.71), or carbohydrate metabolism disorders in newborns (OR, 0.54; 95% CI 0.46-0.63), but an elevated respiratory failure rate (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.76-3.36) associated with bronchiolitis.

Conclusions and Relevance

The risk-benefit balance associated with MBS is highly favorable for pregnancies and newborns but may cause an increased risk of respiratory failure associated with bronchiolitis. Further studies are needed to better assess the middle- and long-term benefits and risks associated with MBS.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Plant U‐box E3 ligases TaPUB2 and TaPUB3 enhance ABA response and salt stress resistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kim Moon Seok , Kim Jae Ho , Amoah Joseph Noble , Seo Yong Weon
Published: November 2022

Plant U‐box E3 ligases (PUBs) are important regulators of responses to various abiotic stress conditions. In this study, we found that wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) PUBs TaPUB2 and TaPUB3 enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) responses and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing TaPUB2 and TaPUB3 and performed various plant physiological experiments. Overexpression of TaPUB2 and TaPUB3 increased tolerance to salinity stress in an ABA‐dependent manner in transgenic plants, as evidenced by germination and survival rates, root length, stomatal aperture regulation, membrane peroxidation, photosynthetic activities, reactive oxygen species scavenging activities and expression of various ABA and salinity stress‐related genes. These results demonstrate the functions of PUBs under ABA and salinity stress conditions and provide valuable information for the development of salinity stress‐tolerant crop species.
Characteristics of preplan‐based three‐dimensional individual template‐guided brachytherapy compared to freehand implantation
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhang Siyu , Sun Li , Wu Yaqin , Yang Yongqin
Published: November 2022

Image‐guided adaptive intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy (IC/IS IGABT) has exhibited superior dosimetry advantage and local control for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Our group designed a type of cylindrical three‐dimensional (3D) printed vaginal template combining an intracavitary applicator with straight and oblique interstitial needles according to the preplan on computed tomography images. This work aimed to research the consistency of the preplan with the treatment plan at every fraction to verify the practical guiding significance of the preplan. We also investigated the difference between 3D‐printed template‐guided implantation compared with freehand implantation for LACC. Twenty‐six patients were treated with 3D‐printed individual templates (3D template group), and 20 patients were treated by using freehand insertion (freehand group). Patients in the 3D template group would take a preplan one week before treatment to design and print the individual template, while the freehand group did not. All patients accepted volumetric rotational intensity‐modulated radiotherapy at a dose of 49.4 Gy in 26 fractions and subsequent brachytherapy at a dose of 26 Gy in four fractions. All analyses were performed by utilizing SPSS 26. The insertion depth was decreased in fractions 1 and 4 compared with the preplan. None of the dose volume histogram parameters of fractions 1–3, nor the D2cc of bladder and bowel at fraction 4 were barely changed compared with the preplan. The D90 and D98 of the high‐risk clinical target volume in the 3D template group were statistically higher than those in the freehand group (p < 0.01). The D2cc of the rectum, bladder, bowel, and sigmoid in the 3D template group were all lower than those in the freehand group (p < 0.01). The preplan in this research is consistent with treatment plans, which is important to ensure the feasibility of applying a 3D‐printed template in brachytherapy. The 3D‐printed individual guidance template was an effective method in brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.
Effects of Cold Rolling and Annealing Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of CoFeNiMnV High‐Entropy Alloys
Authors: Xin Heyang , Chen Xizhang , Wang Yanhu , Su Chuanchu , Xin Dongqun , Xia Jiayi , Liang Yu
Published: November 2022

Herein, a combination of cold rolling (CR) and annealing treatment is used to investigate the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of CoFeNiMnV high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) fabricated by powder plasma arc additive manufacturing (PPA‐AM). The deposited CoFeNiMnV HEAs exhibit a face‐centered cubic (FCC) structure with a small amount of σ phase precipitation. After 50% CR, the microstructure of CoFeNiMnV HEAs is severely deformed along the rolling direction, and the grain size is obviously refined. Therefore, the hardness and strength of the alloy are significantly improved. The rolled CoFeNiMnV HEAs are annealed at 500, 700 and 900 °C, for 60 min. The results show that annealing at 500 °C has little effect on the microstructure and dislocation density of the alloy, and the alloy still maintains high strength and hardness. With increasing of annealing temperature to 700 and 900 °C, the dislocation density of the CoFeNiMnV HEAs is significantly reduced. Meanwhile the σ phase is gradually dissolved, and the recrystallized grains and annealing twins are significantly coarsened. The analysis suggests that it decreases the strength of the CoFeNiMnV HEAs, but increases the elongation. CoFeNiMnV HEAs annealed at 700 °C for 60 min after CR exhibit an excellent high strength–toughness combination.
A Smart Self‐Powered Rope for Water/Fire Rescue
Authors: Li Ming , Li Zengqing , Ye Xiaorui , He Wenzhan , Qu Lijun , Tian Mingwei
Published: November 2022

Rescue rope plays an indispensable role in the emergency rescue. And with the continuous development of modern society, rescue rope has been gradually developed from only with the single mechanical function to the multi‐functional rescue rope. However, the lack of smart active warning for dangers usually leads to injury or even death at complex especially some extreme environment. Herein, a smart self‐powered rope is developed by integrating fiber‐based Zn battery unit and traditional rope unit based on the mature braiding technology, which performs desirable electrochemical performance (specific capacity of 31.1 mAh cm−3 and stable cycling stability of 81.95% after 1000 cycles). Moreover, the floatable self‐powered rope and thermoduric self‐powered rope are demonstrated in extreme environment to indicate their potential application for practical water/fire rescue. Therefore, smart active response is successfully realized with the integration toward fiber‐based Zn battery and rescue rope, which largely shorten the rescue time to protect the safety and health of the human body. This study provides an effective strategy of the construction of smart rope used in emergency rescue.
Strong and Ultra‐Tough Supramolecular Hydrogel Enabled by Strain‐Induced Microphase Separation
Authors: Wu Jiayu , Zhang Zhixing , Wu Zhenyuan , Liu Desheng , Yang Xingxing , Wang Yixian , Jia Xin , Xu Xin , Jiang Pan , Wang Xiaolong
Published: November 2022

Architected hydrogels are widely used in biomedicine, soft robots, and flexible electronics while still possess big challenges in strong toughness, and shape modeling. Here, inspired with the universal hydrogen bonding interactions in biological systems, a strain‐induced microphase separation path toward achieving the printable, tough supramolecular polymer hydrogels by hydrogen bond engineering is developed. Specifically, it subtly designs and fabricates the poly (N‐acryloylsemicarbazide‐co‐acrylic acid) hydrogels with high hydrogen bond energy by phase conversion induced hydrogen bond reconstruction. The resultant hydrogels exhibited the unique strain‐induced microphase separation behavior, resulting in the excellent strong toughness with, for example, an ultimate stress of 9.1 ± 0.3 MPa, strain levels of 1020 ± 126%, toughness of 33.7 ± 6.6 MJ m−3, and fracture energy of 171.1 ± 34.3 kJ m−2. More importantly, the hydrogen bond engineered supramolecular hydrogels possess dynamic shape memory character, i.e shape fixing at low temperature while recovery after heating. As the proof of concept, the tailored hydrogel stents are readily manufactured by 3D printing, which showed good biocompatibility, load‐bearing and drug elution, being beneficial for the biomedical applications. It is believed that the present 3D printing of the architected dynamic hydrogels with ultrahigh toughness can broaden their applications.
Flexible and Zwitterionic Fluorinated Hydrogel Scaffold with High Fluorine Content for Noninvasive 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging under Ultrahigh Scanning Resolution
Authors: Feng Zujian , Li Qinghua , Li Shuangyang , Zhang Yushan , Liu Xiang , Zhang Chuangnian , Dong Anjie , Kong Deling , Wang Weiwei , Huang Pingsheng
Published: November 2022

The imaging of hydrogel scaffolds by 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents an attractive tool for straightforward and noninvasive monitoring of their morphology and in vivo fate. However, their further applications are significantly limited by a dilemma of insufficient signal resolution with low 19F content, and/or hydrophobic aggregation of fluorine moieties‐induced signal attenuation with high 19F content. Herein, a novel label‐free fluorinated hydrogel (PFCB) is fabricated with high fluorine content to realize noninvasive monitoring through 19F MRI under ultrahigh scanning resolution (1 mm of scanning thickness). The integration of a zwitterionic unit into each fluorine moiety completely overcame the hydrophobic aggregation‐induced signal attenuation, manifesting as high 19F content and imaging performance. Importantly, 3D reconstruction of the PFCB hydrogel in vivo can be facilely and accurately performed with background free signals, providing detailed biological information of the implanted hydrogel. Additionally, PFCB hydrogel showed adjustable and high mechanical performance, and exhibited minimum foreign body reaction after implantation. As a proof of concept, PFCB hydrogel could be further applied as gel electrodes and wireless flexible sensors for healthcare monitoring. Overall, such label‐free fluorinated PFCB hydrogel is an ideal flexible scaffold for eventual clinical applications integrating 19F MRI‐guided unequivocally 3D reconstruction and healthcare monitoring.
One‐Pot Facile Encapsulation of Dimethyloxallyl Glycine by Nanoscale Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks‐8 for Enhancing Vascularized Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Xin , Chen Jun‐Yu , Pei Xiang , Li Ya‐Hong , Feng Hao , He Zi‐Han , Xie Wen‐Jia , Pei Xi‐Bo , Zhu Zhou , Wan Qian‐Bing , Wang Jian
Published: November 2022

In the process of bone tissue regeneration, regulation of osteogenesis–angiogenesis coupling is of great importance. Therefore, dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG) is loaded by nanoscale zeolitic imidazolate frameworks‐8 (ZIF‐8) to obtain a drug‐loading system that can promote osteogenesis–angiogenesis coupling. Characterization of the drug‐loading nanoparticles (DMOG@ZIF‐8) reveals that DMOG is successfully loaded into ZIF‐8 by two different methods, and the DMOG@ZIF‐8 is prepared using the one‐pot method (OD@ZIF‐8) achieves higher loading efficiency and longer release time than those prepared using the post‐loading method (PD@ZIF‐8). In vitro studies found that DMOG@ZIF‐8 significantly enhances the migration, tube formation, and angiogenesis‐related protein secretion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells as well as the extracellular matrix mineralization, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteogenesis‐related protein secretion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, OD@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles are more efficient than PD@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles in induction of osteogenesis–angiogenesis coupling. Then, in vivo cranial critical defect model shows that the addition of OD@ZIF‐8 significantly promotes vascularized bone formation as indicated by the results including microcomputed tomographic, histological and immunofluorescence staining, and so on. Taken together, loading ZIF‐8 with DMOG may be a promising solution for critical‐sized bone defect reconstruction and the one‐pot method is preferred in the preparation of such drug‐loading system.
Highly Efficient Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells through Pentylammonium Acetate Modification with Certified Efficiency of 23.35%
Authors: Gao Danpeng , Li Bo , Li Zhen , Wu Xin , Zhang Shoufeng , Zhao Dan , Jiang Xiaofen , Zhang Chunlei , Wang Yan , Li Zhenjiang , Li Nan , Xiao Shuang , Choy Wallace C. H. , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Yang Shangfeng , Zhu Zonglong
Published: November 2022

Among the emerging photovoltaic technologies, rigid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made tremendous development owing to their exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 25.7%. However, the record PCE of flexible PSCs (≈22.4%) still lags far behind their rigid counterparts and their mechanical stabilities are also not satisfactory. Herein, through modifying the interface between perovskite and hole transport layer via pentylammonium acetate (PenAAc) molecule a highly efficient and stable flexible inverted PSC is reported. Through synthetic manipulation of anion and cation, it is shown that the PenA+ and Ac− have strong chemical binding with both acceptor and donor defects of surface‐terminating ends on perovskite films. The PenAAc‐modified flexible PSCs achieve a record PCE of 23.68% (0.08 cm2, certified: 23.35%) with a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.17 V. Large‐area devices (1.0 cm2) also realized an exceptional PCE of 21.52%. Moreover, the fabricated devices show excellent stability under mechanical bending, with PCE remaining above 91% of the original PCE even after 5000 bends.
A Dual‐Functional Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on the Comprehensive Integration and Synergetic Utilization of Triboelectrification, Electrostatic Induction, and Electrostatic Discharge to Achieve Alternating Current/Direct Current Convertible Outputs
Authors: Zeng Qixuan , Chen Ai , Zhang Xiaofang , Luo Yanlin , Tan Liming , Wang Xue
Published: November 2022

Traditional alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which are implemented via the pairwise coupling of triboelectrification, electrostatic induction, and electrostatic discharge, have been widely explored in various fields. In this work, the comprehensive integration and synergetic utilization of triboelectrification, electrostatic induction, and electrostatic discharge in a single device for the first time is realized, achieving a dual‐functional TENG (DF‐TENG) to produce an AC/DC convertible output. Distinguishing from the conventional TENGs, the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic discharge enables charge circulation between the dielectric tribo‐layers, while electrostatic induction realizes charge transfer in the external circuit. This novel energy conversion mechanism has been proven to be applicable to a variety of materials, including polymers, fabrics, and semiconductors. The output mode of the DF‐TENG can be tuned by adjusting the slider motion state, and its constant output current and power density can reach 1.51 mA m−2 Hz−1 and 398 mW m−2 Hz−1, respectively, which are the highest records reported for constant DC‐TENGs to date. This work not only provides a paradigm shift to achieve AC/DC convertible output, but it also exhibits high potential for extending the TENG design philosophy.
Carbon Nanocage with Maximum Utilization of Atomically Dispersed Iron as Efficient Oxygen Electroreduction Nanoreactor
Authors: Tang Xiannong , Wei Yuanhao , Zhai Weijuan , Wu Yonggan , Hu Ting , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang
Published: November 2022

As key parameters of electrocatalysts, the density and utilization of active sites determine the electrocatalytic performance toward oxygen reduction reaction. Unfortunately, prevalent oxygen electrocatalysts fail to maximize the utilization of active sites due to inappropriate nanostructural design. Herein, a nano‐emulsion induced polymerization self‐assembly strategy is employed to prepare hierarchical meso‐/microporous N/S co‐doped carbon nanocage with atomically dispersed FeN4 (denoted as Meso/Micro‐FeNSC). In situ scanning electrochemical microscopy technology reveals the density of available active sites for Meso/Micro‐FeNSC reach to 3.57 × 1014 sites cm−2, representing more than threefold improvement compared to micropore‐dominant Micro‐FeNSC counterpart (1.07 × 1014 sites cm−2). Additionally, the turnover frequency of Meso/Micro‐FeNSC is also improved to 0.69 from 0.50 e− site−1 s−1 for Micro‐FeNSC. These properties motivate Meso/Micro‐FeNSC as efficient oxygen electroreduction electrocatalyst, in terms of outstanding half‐wave potential (0.91 V), remarkable kinetic mass specific activity (68.65 A g−1), and excellent robustness. The assembled Zn–air batteries with Meso/Micro‐FeNSC deliver high peak power density (264.34 mW cm−2), large specific capacity (814.09 mA h g−1), and long cycle life (>200 h). This work sheds lights on quantifying active site density and the significance of maximum utilization of active sites for rational design of advanced catalysts.
Machine Learning‐Based Solution for Thermomechanical Analysis of MMIC Packaging
Authors: Kang Sumin , Lee Jae Hak , Kim Seung Man , Lim Jaeseung , Park Ah‐Young , Han Seongheum , Song Jun‐Yeob , Kim Seong‐Il
Published: November 2022

Thermomechanical analysis of monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) packaging is essential to guarantee the reliability of radio frequency/microwave applications. However, a method for fast and accurate analysis of MMIC packaging structures has not been developed. Here, a machine learning (ML)‐based solution for thermomechanical analysis of MMIC packaging is demonstrated. This ML‐based solution analyzes temperature and thermal stresses considering key design parameters, including material properties, geometric characteristics, and thermal boundary conditions. Finite element simulation with the Monte Carlo method is utilized to prepare a large dataset for supervised learning and validation of the ML solution, and a laser‐assisted thermal experiment is conducted to verify the accuracy of the simulation. After data preparation, regression tree ensemble and artificial neural network (ANN) learning models are investigated. The results show that the ANN model accurately predicts the outcomes with extremely low computing time by analyzing the high‐dimensional dataset. Finally, the developed ML solution is deployed as a web application format for facile approaches. It is believed that this study will provide a guideline for developing ML‐based solutions in chip packaging design technology.
Realization of Multi‐Level State and Artificial Synapses Function in Stacked (Ta/CoFeB/MgO)N Structures
Authors: Zhang Bo , Lv Wenbo , Guo Yonghai , Wang Bo , Luo Keliu , Li Wangda , Cao Jiangwei
Published: November 2022

Spintronic devices can realize multi‐state storage and be used to simulate artificial synapses or artificial neurons, which makes them have promising application prospect in the field of artificial neural networks (ANN). This work investigates the current‐induced magnetization reversal in stacked (Ta/CoFeB/MgO)N structures and their application in ANN. It is demonstrated that the complete current‐induced magnetization reversal with large intermediate transition region can be achieved in the sample with N = 2. The magneto‐optical Kerr microscope imaging shows that the large transition region for the sample is ascribed to the “layer‐by‐layer” reversal, owing to the difference of the coercivity of two CoFeB layers. In addition, the simulation of artificial synapses and artificial neurons function based on current‐induced magnetization reversal in the sample is also demonstrated. These results substantiate the stacked (Ta/CoFeB/MgO)N structures as a promising platform for realizing the multi‐level state and artificial synapses function, and its potential application in the field of ANN.
Solar and Thermal Radiation‐Modulation Materials for Building Applications
Authors: Chai Jiale , Fan Jintu
Published: November 2022

Regulation of solar and thermal radiation of building envelope shows huge energy‐saving potentials. Existing reviews mainly focus on the materials with fixed solar and thermal optical properties. Although there are reviews reporting the materials with modulated optical properties (e.g., radiative cooling materials with modulating thermal emissivity while maintaining high solar reflectance), they merely focus on either solar or thermal radiation modulation, which can provide limited or even negative building energy savings and thus may mislead the researchers to design low energy‐efficient materials in practice. To help gain a holistic understanding of the state‐of‐the‐art solar and thermal radiation‐modulation materials (STRMMs) and guide researchers to develop more effective STRMMs for maximum building energy savings, here the STRMMs are reviewed in three categories, solar radiation modulation, thermal radiation modulation, and synergetic solar and thermal radiation modulation. In the former two categories, only single solar or thermal optical property is modulated while in the third category both solar and thermal optical properties are modulated. For STRMMs in each category, their working principles, representative examples, potential applications and future perspectives are compared and elaborated.