bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transit Ridership of Dhaka Metro Rail
Authors: Alom Md. Morshed
Published: March 2022

This study focuses on the future ridership of Dhaka’s under-construction metro rail. Dhaka offers an exceptional context with the world’s highest density of population. How the sociocultural condition of the city’s population would impact the future ridership of the metro rail was an interesting question. The data for the study were collected through a structured questionnaire by the participants of a training programme designed for the Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited officials and implemented by the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre. The respondents were randomly chosen from six catchment areas of a part of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Line-6. This paper presents the survey findings using descriptive and inferential statistics. The implications of the findings are discussed. The study findings substantially contribute to the scientific knowledge of urban transportation governance regarding rapid-transit facility development. Moreover, the findings carry policy implications for city planners.
Detection of network intelligence features with the decision tree model
Authors: Sharaev N. P. , Petrov S. N.
Published: March 2022

O b j e c t i v e s .  Early detection of network intelligence allows to reduce the risks of information security of organizations. The study was carried out to develop software module for detecting the features of network intelligence by machine learning methods.

M e t h o d s . Analysis of open datasets of appropriate destination; formation of metrics characteristic of network intelligence; development of a dataset based on certain metrics; study of the effectiveness of machine learning methods for classification task.

R e s u l t s .  The  topology was  designed and  a  test  segment  was  created  in  the  corporate  network of RUE "Beltelecom" to create a dataset. A monitoring tool has been developed for detecting and analyzing the events, the results of which were used as the basis for a new dataset.

The implementation of the decision tree method in the form of program code allowed to increase the speed of the module by about 2 times (0,147 ms). Practical tests of the developed module have shown the alarm on all types of network scanning using Nmap and Masscan utilities.

Co n c l u s i o n. The analysis of the dataset by principal component method showed the presence of a border area between  the  events  of  legal  traffic  and  network  intelligence  traffic,  which  had  a  positive  effect  on  the training of the model. The most promising machine learning methods have been studied and tested using various hyperparameters. The best results were shown by the decision tree method with the parameters criterion = gini and splitter = random and speed as 0,333 ms.
Comments on “Predicativity as a philosophical position” by G. Hellman
Authors: Feferman Solomon
Published: March 2022

Geoffrey Hellman afinement critique les fondement philosophiques de la predicativite sous differents angles. Ceci est une reponse point par pointfaite a partir d'une position de sympathie - mais non d'identification — avec le predicativisme sur la base d'un anti-platonismepartage, appuyee sur I 'experience d'une recherche approfondie sur sa portee et ses limites logiques et mathematiques. Pour ce qui est des suggestions finales de Hellman - contre une telle position limitative - sur le role explicatif unificateur possible des axiomes de grands cardinaux en theorie des ensembles, il se pent bien qu 'il n 'y ait pas de limite philosophique ou mathematique naturelle a ce qui est exigible pour les « mathematiques authentiques » ; la predicativite nefournit certes pas une telle limite. Mais les exemples discutes de programmes visant a demontrer la necessite de grands cardinaux nous obligent, en tant que philosophes, a examiner la question : qu'est-ce qui compte, exactement, comme « mathematiques authentiques », et pourquoi ?
Les masses : révolte, triomphe et échec
Authors: Sánchez Cámara Ignacio
Published: March 2022

La Révolte des masses de José Ortega y Gasset est l’un des diagnostics les plus lucides de la crise morale européenne. Cette crise est la conséquence de l’apparition d’un nouveau genre humain : l’homme-masse révolté. La révolte annoncée a été une victoire, mais ce triomphe signe aussi son échec. La solution de la crise ne peut provenir que d’une réforme radicale de la philosophie, qui dépasserait le subjectivisme et le relativisme auxquels nous a conduits l’évolution égarée de la modernité. L’essai d’Ortega y Gasset est d’une actualité remarquable qui permet de comprendre la situation spirituelle de notre époque.
Sampled-data based extended dissipative synchronization of stochastic complex dynamical networks
Authors: Saravanakumar Ramasamy , Cao Yang , Kazemy Ali , Zhu Quanxin
Published: March 2022

In this paper, extended dissipative (ED) synchronization is considered for stochastic complex dynamical networks (SCDNs) with variable coupling delay via sampled-data control (SDC). First, a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) is constructed, then a new synchronization criterion is obtained through stochastic integral inequality (SII) and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. Moreover, the ED synchronization criteria are established, which consolidates passivity, dissipativity, \begin{document}$ H_\infty $\end{document}, and \begin{document}$ L_2-L_\infty $\end{document} performances in a unified structure. SDC gain matrices are also designed for each performance in ED criteria. Finally, the feasibility and usefulness of the derived theoretical results are shown through numerical simulations.
Longevity risk analysis: applications to the Italian regional data
Authors: Scognamiglio Salvatore
Published: March 2022

Longevity risk is the risk that members of a given population will live longer than expected. When it occurs, pension providers may have to pay pensions for longer than expected, significantly increasing their costs. While this risk is being adequately studied using the national mortality data provided by the Human Mortality Database, relatively few studies exist that analyse sub-national data. This manuscript proposes a comparative study of some stochastic mortality models to measure the longevity risk on Italian mortality data at the regional level. In particular, the use of the Lee-Carter and Li-Lee models is explored. The models are compared in fitting quality, forecasting accuracy and complexity. Numerical experiments and applications to immediate life annuity evaluation are presented.
A Case Report Psychological Side Effect induced by the Administration of Cycloserine Following the Pulmonary Resection
Authors: Lee Chun Bom , Lee Yung Lin
Published: March 2022

A resection of the right upper lobe of the lung was carried out on a twenty-six-year-old Korean male, who due to a long-term chemotherapy, had Shown resistance to Atni-TB drugs. After the operation, 0.25mg. Cycloselyne was administered-orally twice a day with a view to controlling possible postoperative complications.Toward the end of this treatment, the patient developed mental disorder. Thus, Cycluserine was discontinued. The patient was then successfully treated by administration of chlorpromazine for 20 days.
Results of Korean B.C.G. Vaccination
Authors: Lee Sung Kwan , Chang Nak Chin
Published: March 2022

The effect of B.C.G. depends on the number of bacilli contained in the suspension and it is very hard to expect a sufficient effect with imported B.C.G., because the potency may vary during its trans-portation due to inadequate handling and storage. Fortunately， we could now produce this B.C.G. at the National Central Laboratory since this year. The potency of B.C.G. varies between the products of different laboratories even in the same country.Author thought that is very significant to investigate the potency of B.C.G. produced in Korea and the comparison were made between the potency of the ]apanese dried B.C.G. and Korean B.C.G.1) Viability test shows that the Korean liquid B.C.G . , contained of living bacilli only 100, 000/ 0.1cc and after storage at 4℃ for 10 days since their production 25% of the bacilIi decreased but at Room temperature of 13℃ ~20℃ 20% of bacilli decreased. However during the period after 10 days of their production, the group stored at Room temperature showed much higher rate of decreasing than the group stored at 4 ℃.2) Thc local lesion produced after vaccination in the group in which 0.05cc of Korean B.C.G. was injected in the both sides was slightest. There was no marked difference in the degree of local lesion between the groups in which 0.1cc of Japanese and Korean B.C.G. were injected only in one side. It was most marked in the group in which 0.1cc of Korean B.C.G. were injected in both sides.3) Tuberculin allergy-induced after Vaccination was compared between the two groups in which 0.1cc of Korean and ]apanese B.C.G. was vaccinated in one side.There was no marked difference within one or two months, but after 3 months the tuberculin allergy of Korean B.C.G. decreased rapidly and the pòsitive rate and mean size also decreased considerately as compared with ]ap anese B.C.G.4) In the opsonin test, opsonin index of postvaccination increassdl markedly than that of prevaccination, but no difference in the index was noted between the different methods of vaccination.
A New Digestion Method of Sputum for Tubercle Bacilli Culture
Authors: Song Ho Seung
Published: March 2022

Effectiveness of Sodium Hydroxide solution. Tri-Sodium Phosphate and Zcphiran solution, in single or Combination, as the digesting agent for Tubercle bacilli culture from sputum were observed through the sterilizing test on 8 strains of nonacid -fasts in B.H. I. medium or in Youmans medium which contains 10% plasma. and the toxisity test on individual Tubercle Bacilli flooded in Youmans medium. 3, 2, and 1 % sodium hydroxide and 10.5 and 2.5 % Trisodium phosphate solution and various concentration of Zcphiran solutions were used.The following conclusions were obtained 1 % Sodium hydroxide solution or 2. 5% Trisodium phosphate solution succeeded in sterilizing non-acid-fast Bacilli in B.H. 1. medium after digestion for 30 minutes although neither 3 %Sodium Hydroxide solution nor 10% Trisodium Phosphate solution could sterilize non-acid-fast Bacilli in medium with 10% plasma even after 24 hours. Zephiran solution sterilized non-acid-fast Bacilli fully in 30 minutes with 1/ 5000 concentration on B.H.I. medium and with 1/50OO concentration on the medium with plasma.Combination of Zephiran with Sodium hydroxide or Tri-sodium phosphate solution increase its toxicity on non-acid-fast Bacilli And no significant difference were observed among 3% Sodium hydroxide, 5% and 10% Trisodium phosphate solution as the component of combining use with Zephiran for the sterilization of non-acid-fast Bacilli.Least effective concentration of Zephiran solution when used in combination with Alkaline solution was 1: 5000 dilution for the sterilization of non-acid-fast Bacilli.By the digestion of 3 % Sodium Hydroxide solution for 30 minutes or 10% Tri-Sodium Phosphate solution for 24 hours. commonly used concentration, showed bactericidal action more than on 60% of the individual Tubercle Bacilli. Zephiran solution showed not only bacteriostatic but also bactericidal effect on Tubercle Bacilli depending on its Concentrations used.Alkalines with obtimal combination. which had sufficient decontaminating effect on non-acid-fast Bacilli and caused least injury on Tubercle Bacilli. seemed to bc the combination of 5% Tri-sodium phosphate and 1 : 5000 dilution of Zephiran.The combimtion of 5% Trisodium Phosphate and 1 : 5000 dilution of Zephiran was more effective in the sterilization of non-acid-fast Bacilli than 3% Sodium hydroxide solution, and culture of Tubercle Bacilli after digcstion with this combination showed when compared with the culture digested with 3% sodium Hydroxide solution, carlier growlh, more number of Colonics and allowed growth of weaker strains of Acid-fast Bacilli which only grow under the spccial C02. culturc techniquc but not by ordinary method when digested with Sodium Hydroxide. " The anthor here by express his appreciation for a assistance and advice given by Mrs. M.Stief and Dr. W.H. Hall on present work during his stay at the V.A. Hospital ,Minnea. polis, Minn. U. S . A."
Spirometry and Broncho-spirometry in Lateral Decubitus Position
Authors: Kim Pyoung Ki
Published: March 2022

Spirometry and broncho-spirometry were performed on 49 cases of chest diseases for pre-operative examination. Among which 40 were pulmonary tuberculosis, 5 were unspecific broncho-pulmonary infection and 4 had empyema. Most of the cases(45 out of 49) had the illness more than 1 year of duration. Timed vital capacity decreased in 1 second value in considerable number of cases but 3 second value was in normal limit in majority cases. However, only about 20% of the cases decreased in their V.C. and M.B.C. significantly, and all of them belonged to the group of long standing illness. Inspite of decrease of those V.C. and M.B.C., there were only two cases who showed Air Velocity Index below 0.8. Decrease in V.C. from sitting to supine was not so significant but was significant from spirometry to broncho-spirometry.(13.7% decrease in average) Vital capacity was slightly decreased in lateral decubitus position than in supine position. Vital capacity was bigger in left lateral decubitus position or with the main lesion downward M.V. in broncho-spirometry was decreased 26% in average compare to spirometry. The side with bigger V.C. had bigger O2 consumption but the O2 consumption was not corresponding to the value of M.V. as it is with V.C. Oxygen consumption has decreased (20%) in broncho-spirometry than in spirometry. The elevation of baseline was bigger in case the side of bigger V.C. and bigger O2 consumption was placed in the upper position. When the baseline elevation was same, the V.C. was bigger in case the main lesion was underlying. Inspiratory reserve volume was bigger apparently in spirometry when better functioning lung was underlying, and it was more prominent in broncho-spirometry. Expiratory reserve volume was markedly bigger in upper lying lung, especially when it is better functioning side. Elevation of baseline was applied not only for checking the position of tube but was also useful in estimation of the unilateral function together with diaparam movement and x-ray findings.
Overweight and obesity: The allies of prostate inflammation
Authors: Moncada López Juan Sebastián , Puerta Suárez Jenniffer , Cardona Maya Walter Darío
Published: March 2022

To the Editor, World Health Organization (WHO) defines infertility as the inability of a sexually active partner to achieve a clinically confirmed pregnancy after at least one year of intercourse without contraceptive protection on fertile days. As women are primarily responsible for the conception, childbirth, and postpartum, fertility problems have been related to fertile female capacity. However, men play an essential role, being responsible for about 50% of alterations in fertility due to dysfunctions in the male reproductive tract, including varicocele, hypogonadism, poorly descended testicles, testicular tumors, and even anti-sperm autoantibodies [...].
Surveillance system-based physician reporting of pneumonia of unknown etiology in China
Authors: Du Hongchun , Zhu Yajuan , Chen Yan , Zhou Shidan , Tong Jiani , Deng Yingnan , Zhang Dingmei
Published: March 2022

Objective:

To describe the current reporting of pneumonia of unknown etiology (PUE) and factors that affect reporting by clinicians in China using the PUE surveillance system in order to provide a reference for improving PUE reporting rates in the future.

Methods:

Clinicians were recruited via the Sojump platform and requested to complete an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors influencing clinicians’ reporting activities.

Results:

This study showed a low PUE case reporting rate and a poor understanding of PUE reporting among the investigated clinicians. Of the 136 clinicians who had diagnosed PUE cases, multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that clinicians who had attended in-hospital training were more likely to report PUE than those who had not (OR 4.48, 95% CI 1.49-13.46). Clinicians with an expert panel on PUE in their hospital were more likely to report PUE cases than those without (OR 5.46, 95% CI 1.85-16.11).

Conclusions:

There is a need to promote and reinforce PUE surveillance system training among medical staff. In addition, PUE testing technologies in hospital laboratories should be upgraded, especially in primary and unclassified hospitals, to increase surveillance efficiency and improve PUE reporting rates.
Potential Use of Immature Oocyte to Improve Fertility Preservation Outcome
Authors: Sirait Batara , Jusuf Ahmad Aulia , Wiweko Budi , Handayani Nining , Aubry Daniel Abidin , Muharam R.
Published: March 2022

Fertility preservation through gamete vitrification has become one of the critical strategies to secure a childbearing potential in patients who are diagnosed with cancer or risks of infertility. Preserving the gametes would prevent the deleterious effects of cancer drugs or radiotherapy exposure on the quality of the gametes. Furthermore, in vitro fertilisation of vitrified mature human oocytes has lately demonstrated promising results that are reflected in the increased survival rate of thawed oocytes and the resultant clinical pregnancy rate. However, limitations in the cryopreservation of mature oocytes of cancer patients persist. Ovarian stimulation protocols which comprise administering gonadotrophin-releasing hormones could aggravate cancer or delay essential cancer therapy. Considering such circumstances, vitrification of immature oocytes would become a rational option. While the vitrification procedure of mature oocytes has been established, the vitrification of immature oocytes remains controversial due to a low post-thaw in vitro maturation and fertilisation rate. Apparent cryoinjuries to the immature oocytes post thawing or warming have been observed in both human and animal model oocytes. An alternative strategy was therefore proposed to improve the effectiveness of utilising immature oocytes for fertility preservation by conducting the in vitro oocyte maturation process first before vitrification. This method has prevailed, especially in oncofertility patients. Although the success rate of the clinical outcomes remains low, this approach, in conjugation with proper counselling, might provide oncofertility patients with an opportunity to preserve their reproductive potential.
Concept proposal for IRCF national CPR Registry and update on resuscitation guidelines for infants and children
Authors: Tiwari Lokesh , Jindal Atul , Gupta Vipul , Taneja L. N. , Garg Rakesh , Edara Lokesh R. , Chakra Rao S. S. C.
Published: March 2022

There is a lack of scientific data to use as local evidence on resuscitation science from the Indian subcontinent and other developing countries, making it difficult to develop regional guidelines and updates on practice of resuscitation based on the context, resources, infrastructure, geographical variabilities, values, and preferences. In this report, we try to identify key problem statements and plan to expand the list related to resuscitation practices primarily for in-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) in infants and children in India. To stimulate local research and data collection on resuscitation science and practices, Indian Resuscitation Council Federation proposes the concept of National CPR Registry and post-CA care bundle in the form of a checklist targeted for Indian settings.
Pancreaticopleural fistula causing recurrent pleural effusion in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Chechani Vipul , Tadvi Himanshu , Bhimani Umesh
Published: March 2022

Digestive property intrinsic to pancreatic secretions can cut through the fascial planes and may form a pancreaticopleural fistula which is an extremely rare critical complication of pancreatitis in children. It links the pancreas with the pleural cavity through the diaphragmatic hiatus which can feed the pleural space with amylase-rich secretions and can cause recurrent pleural effusion. We report a rare case of gross left-sided pleural effusion (hemothorax) in a patient due to pancreatic etiology. The clinical presentation was deceptive since the patient presented with predominantly respiratory complaints. Many patients go through extensive pulmonary evaluation before the pancreas is recognized as the site of basic pathology. Pleural fluid amylase levels and visualizing the fistula tract from the pancreatic duct to the pleural space by radiological imaging provide the confirmation of this complication. High index of suspicion of pancreatic etiology in recurrent massive hemorrhagic pleural effusion may lead to prompt diagnosis.
Construction of Personalized Driver Models Based on LSTM Using
Driving Simulator
Authors: Hamada Ayaka , Oikawa Shoko , Hirose Toshiya
Published: March 2022

Many automated driving technologies have been developed and are continuing to be
implemented for practical use. Among them a driver model is used in automated
driving and driver assistance systems to control the longitudinal and lateral
directions of the vehicles that reflect the characteristics of individual
drivers. To this end, personalized driver models are constructed in this study
using long short-term memory (LSTM). The driver models include individual
driving characteristics and adapt system control to help minimize discomfort and
nuisance to drivers. LSTM is used to construct the driver model, which includes
time-series data processing. LSTM models have been used to investigate
pedestrian behaviors and develop driver behavior models in previous studies. We
measure the driving operation data of the driver using a driving simulator (DS).
The road geometry of an actual section of the Tomei Expressway, which comprises
straight and curved roads, between Tokyo and Nagoya in Japan was simulated in
the DS. Personalized driver models were constructed using LSTM based on the data
of driving maneuvers on the expressway. Simulation results indicate that model
accuracy decreases for the entire experimental road compared to that for each
curved road; the model accuracy of each curved road was improved. In order to
improve the accuracy, it is effective to build a model for each curve or
section, and the accuracy is lower at the exit than at the entrance of the
curve, and highest at the middle. And then it is necessary to consider both the
time required to improve accuracy and the change in curvature when considering
the construction of personalized models on curved roads.
Seat Belt Restraint Evidence Generated by Unrestrained Occupant Interaction in a Rollover
Authors: Miller Bruce , Dibb Alan , Allin Leigh , Carhart Michael , Krishnaswami Ram
Published: March 2022

Assessment of the physical evidence on a seat belt restraint system provides one source of data for determining an occupant’s seat belt use or non-use during a motor vehicle crash. The evidence typically associated with loading from a restrained occupant has been extensively researched and documented in the literature. However, evidence of loading to the restraint system can also be generated by other means, including the interaction of an unrestrained occupant with a stowed restraint system. The present study evaluates physical evidence on multiple stowed restraint systems generated via interaction with unrestrained occupants during a full-scale dolly rollover crash test of a large multiple passenger van. Unbelted anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) were positioned in the driver and right front passenger seats and in all designated seating positions in the third, fourth, and fifth rows. Occupant kinematics during the dolly rollover were evaluated through on-board and off-board real-time and high-speed video, and physical evidence on the restraint systems was documented. Analysis of the occupant kinematics demonstrated multiple ATD interactions with stowed restraint systems in the vehicle, which generated corresponding physical evidence on those restraint systems. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the presence of physical evidence on the restraint system alone is insufficient for determination of occupant seat belt usage. A methodology for assessing restraint webbing and hardware evidence in the context of occupant seat belt use versus non-use is detailed. Thorough documentation of the restraint system physical evidence, evaluation of the occupant kinematics and injury patterns, and evaluation of the restraint system evidence as it relates to the body habitus of the occupant of interest can provide an objective scientific basis for the determination of occupant restraint status.
Car-Based External Airbag for Bicyclist Protection in Side Impacts
Authors: Carroll Jolyon , Enanger Mikael , Jeppsson Hanna , Lubbe Nils
Published: March 2022

Cyclist injuries and fatalities are a world-wide concern and often a consequence of interaction with cars. The MICA2 Project (Modelling of Interactions between Cyclists and Automobiles) is aimed at protecting bicyclists from getting injured by a passing car. This study addresses the need for new protective safety systems through the development and testing of a novel external car airbag. The airbag was designed to add protection to the center side part of the car, in the B-pillar area, to protect the head of a bicyclist impacting a car in this area. Two methods were used to evaluate performance of the system. For full system tests, a Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy was seated on a city bike and projected into the side of a car at either 30°, 60° or 90° to the car side. In additional component tests an adult pedestrian headform was launched towards the roof rail or B-pillar structure of the car. The highest injury risk was found in a perpendicular (90 degree) impact between the bicycle and car. In oblique crashes the bicycle slid along the side of the car and that decreased the linear accelerations in the head. Glancing collisions (30 degree) resulted in low injury risk as there was no direct head impact. The airbag was very effective in reducing the HIC for the dummy or headform, by about 30%, in the 90 degree impact case with dummy and more than that with the headform.
Crash Test Methodology for Electric Scooters with Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) Riders
Authors: Como Steven Gerard , Paradiso Marc , Campbell Ian C. , Garman Christina , Werner Stephen , Wishart Jeffrey
Published: March 2022

As micromobility devices (i.e., e-bikes, scooters, skateboards, etc.) continue to increase in popularity, there is a growing need to test these devices for varying purposes such as performance assessment, crash reconstruction, and design of new products. Although tests have been conducted across the industry for electric scooters (e-scooters), this paper describes a novel method for crash testing e-scooters with anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) “riding” them, providing new sources for data collection and research. A sled fixture was designed utilizing a pneumatic crash rail to propel the scooters with an overhead gantry used for stabilization of the ATD until release just prior to impact. The designed test series included impacts with a 5.5-inch curb at varying incidence angles, a stationary vehicle, or a standing pedestrian ATD. Test parameter permutations included changing e-scooter tire sizes, impact speeds, and rider safety equipment. One of the primary focuses of this testing was to establish a methodology which provided consistency in not only impact speed but also ATD orientation and scooter-to-obstacle contact.

Over the course of this research, 23 tests were conducted, consisting of 14 curb impacts, five vehicle impacts, and four pedestrian ATD impacts. A SLICE Micro data acquisition system was rigidly mounted on the rear deck region of the scooter and recorded accelerations in the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical directions in addition to yaw, pitch, and roll rates at a frequency of 10 kHz. Tape switches were used as a redundant confirmation of impact speed in addition to high-speed camera views with a calibrated checkerboard for independent analyses. This paper describes the test methodology in detail, provides a summary of test observations, and discusses additional potential uses for such a test system.
Study on the Cumulative Effect of Acute Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury: An Experimental Animal Research
Authors: Li Kui , Qiu Jinlong , Wang Peng , Zhao Hui
Published: March 2022

Acute repetitive traumatic brain injury (rTBI) can occur in a pedestrian collision when the head hits the vehicle and the ground twice, as well as in a serial rear-ended collision in a very short period. This study established an animal model of acute rTBI to investigate the cumulative effects of repetitive brain injury under different combinations of impact levels. 117 adult male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (190±20g) were divided into control, single impact, and repeated impact groups, with the single impact group was divided into three subgroups of mild, moderate, and severe. And the repeated impact group was divided into nine subgroups by combining mild, moderate, and severe. The kinematic response parameters of the rat’s head were captured by a high-speed camera and acceleration sensors. Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was performed at 6h after final injury, and the severity of injury was quantified using the abbreviated injury scale (AIS). The results showed that cumulative effects of rTBI were not simply linearly superimposed and there was a clear threshold of injury. As a conclusion, an animal model of acute rTBI was successfully established, and the cumulative effects of acute rTBI were preliminarily discussed, which can provide a reference for the biomechanical mechanism and protection of brain injury in road traffic accidents.
O ensino de Geografia e o conceito de identidade de gênero:
Authors: Rocha Giovana Silva , Campos Margarida de Cassia
Published: March 2022

O presente trabalho visa contribuir para o entendimento acerca dos conteúdos relacionados ao conceito de identidade de gênero e da importância da abordagem nas aulas de Geografia. Para isso, foi aplicado um questionário a 10 professores/as de Geografia que atuam no município de Londrina, com vistas a apreender suas concepções acerca do assunto e a maneira como contextualizam o conteúdo durante a ação docente, partindo da premissa de que identidade de gênero foi uns dos conceitos excluídos da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BRASIL, 2018). Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico com obras que atentam para a temática da identidade de gênero e do ensino de Geografia, e, posteriormente à aplicação dos questionários, os dados coletados foram organizados em gráficos e tabelas, de modo a facilitar sua leitura. Por fim, a pesquisa pôde constatar que nove entre 10 dos/as profissionais que responderam às perguntas mostram interesse em abordar o conceito em sala de aula, mesmo que sofram alguns empecilhos por parte das escolas e dos/as estudantes.

Palavras-chave
Ensino de Geografia, Docentes, Identidade de Gênero
 

The teaching of Geography and the concept of gender identity: possibilities for approaching the theme in the classroom
Abstract
The present work contributes to the understanding about the contents related to the concept of gender identity and the importance of the approach in Geography classes. For this, a questionnaire was applied to 10 Geography teachers working at Londrina, aiming to apprehend their conceptions about the subject and the way they contextualize the content during the teaching action, based on the premise that gender identity was one of the concepts excluded from the Common National Curricular Base (BRASIL, 2018). For this, a bibliographic survey was conducted with works that focus on the theme of gender identity and the teaching of Geography, and, after the application of questionnaires, the data collected were organized in graphs and tables, in order to facilitate their reading. Finally, the research showed that nine out of 10 of the professionals who answered the questions are interested in approaching the concept in the classroom, even if they face some obstacles from schools and students.
Keywords
Geography Teaching, Teachers, Gender Identity
Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy in Children - A Case Study
Authors: Sujata Sharma  , Avdesh Dangwal  , Preeti Agarwal
Published: March 2022

Now days due to lactation failure cow milk is the first choice for an infant and accordingly is one of the first and most common causes of food allergy in early childhood. Cow milk allergy is the allergy to the protein (casein and whey protein) in cow milk. It is the leading cause of food allergy in infants and early childhood (less than 3 years). This review summarizes current evidence and recommendations regarding cow milk protein allergy (CMPA), the most common food allergy in young children, for the parents with incidence estimated as 2% to 7.5% in the first year of life. In classics, it has been mentioned that cow milk should always processed with Laghupanchmoola before it is consumed. There is no treatment for this disease in modern science as well as in Ayurveda, so there is a need to find a safe and effective remedy in the management of CMPA. A 1-year old male patient was brought to Out Patient Department of Kaumarabhritya, Rishikul campus UAU Haridwar Uttrakhand, with complaints of loose motion and vomiting after cow’s milk intake. These complaints were persisting for the past 20 days. After that he gradually developed abdominal pain for 10 days. This condition can be understood as CMPA treatments including Laghupanchmoola granules with cow milk, course of 2 months. There were significant improvements in the condition of the patient.
Análise do uso e descarte de medicamentos em ambientes domiciliares de Araguari - MG
Authors: De Freitas Joselle , Silva Ana Júlia Vigarani da , Crabi Hebert , Hasimoto Juliana Mayumi Pires , Rodrigues Maria Cláudia Cândida
Published: March 2022

Estudo farmacoepidemiológico descritivo. Objetivo: Analisar o uso e o descarte de medicamentos em ambientes domiciliares de Araguari, face à ampla utilização de fármacos e a inexistência de uma logística padronizada sobre a destinação de medicamentos vencidos ou sobras destes. Metodologia: A coleta de dados ocorreu através de questionário aplicado em 165 domicílios aleatórios, e realizou-se ação de educação em saúde sobre a forma correta de armazenamento e descarte de medicamentos, bem como a entrega de folder informativo aos participantes. Resultados: 88,5% dos entrevistados armazenam medicamentos em domicílio e 78% nunca recebeu orientações sobre a forma adequada de descarte, sendo que as sobras dos medicamentos são descartadas no lixo comum, por 45,5% dos entrevistados, que desconhecem os riscos exatos causados pela prática de despojo inadequada. 91,51% dos participantes disseram que fariam o descarte em um posto de coleta apropriado, caso houvesse no município, reforçando que a população, majoritariamente, está disposta a mudar o hábito de descarte incorreto, desde que seja bem informada, o que evidencia a necessidade de se formular uma política específica de destinação dos resíduos de medicamentos a nível domiciliar, além de investir em campanhas públicas para informar e sensibilizar a sociedade.
Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria: Functional Properties and Effects on Yogurt Texture
Authors: AKAR Nurullah Zekeriya
Published: March 2022

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are polysaccharides synthesized extracellularly by microorganisms and have positive effects on health. Exopolysaccharides produced even at low concentrations have the effect of improving the structure of food products. Thus, it is possible to meet the needs and demands of consumers by developing the textural feature of the final product as desired without using any additives, as well as positive benefits for human health. The number of studies on the use of EPS-producing microorganisms in the production of fermented milk products is increasing. However, there are not enough studies explaining the interaction between caseins and exopolysaccharides in fermented milk products. In this study, the effects of exopolysaccharides and their functional properties were investigated in order to prevent undesirable problems such as serum separation and loose structure caused by the interaction of caseins and exopolysaccharides, which are critical factors in the formation of yoghurt texture.
LA CONFIGURACIÓN DE LA TELEVISIÓN DE TITULARIDAD DEL ESTADO COMO SERVICIO PÚBLICO EN LA LEY 17/2006, DE 5 DE JUNIO, DE LA RADIO Y LA TELEVISIÓN DE TITULARIDAD ESTATAL
Authors: CASADO CASADO LUCÍA
Published: March 2022

Este trabajo, tras analizar brevemente la evolución del servicio público de televisión en la legislación audiovisual, se centra en el estudio de la configuración de la televisión de titularidad del Estado como servicio público en el marco de la Ley 17/2006, de 5 de junio, de la radio y la televisión de titularidad estatal. Con esta finalidad, analiza, en primer lugar, la configuración de la radio y la televisión de titularidad estatal como servicio público esencial, el objeto de este servicio público y las obligaciones de servicio público que se derivan para la Corporación RTVE; y, en segundo lugar, los tres nuevos instrumentos que se incluyen en la Ley para la concreción de la función de servicio público: el mandato-marco (aprobado en
diciembre de 2007 por el Pleno del Congreso de los Diputados y por el Pleno del Senado), el contrato-programa y el sistema de contabilidad analítica.

Lan honetan, ikus-entzunezkoen arloko legerian telebistaren zerbitzu publikoak izan duen bilakaera aztertzen da labur-labur. Ondoren aztertzen da Estatuaren irrati eta telebistari buruzko ekainaren 5eko 17/2006 Legearen esparruan nola dagoen eratuta Estatuaren telebista-zerbitzu publikoa. Horretarako, lehenbizi honako hau begiratzen da: Estatuaren irrati eta telebista nola dagoen eratuta funtsezko zerbitzu publiko gisa, zein den zerbitzu publiko horren helburua eta zerbitzu publiko horretatik RTVE Korporazioarentzat ondorioztatzen diren betebeharrak; eta, bigarrenik, zeintzuk diren zerbitzu publikoaren eginkizuna zehazte aldera lege horretan sartzen diren hiru tresna berriak, alegia, agindu-esparrua (Diputatuen Kongresuaren
Osokoak eta Senatuaren Osokoak 2007ko abenduan onartua), kontratu-egitasmoa eta kontabilitate analitikoko sistema.

After a brief analysis of the evolution of the public service of television within the
broadcasting legislation, this work focuses on the study of the configuration of the television owned by the State as public service in the frame of the Act 17/2006 of June 5, on radio and television owned by the State. With this aim, it is firstly analyzed the configuration of the radio and television owned by the State as a essential public service, the scope of this public service and the obligations of this public service for the Spanish Broadcasting Corporation
(RTVE); and, secondly, the three new instruments included in the Act for the concreteness of the function of the public service: the frame-order (passed in December 2007 by the plenary session of the Congress of Deputies and of Senate), the programme-contract and the system of costs accounting.
LA CAPACIDAD DE INNOVACIÓN JURÍDICA DE LAS ORDENANZAS MUNICIPALES. ESPECIAL REFERENCIA A LA REGULACIÓN DE LA VIVIENDA TASADA MUNICIPAL MEDIANTE ORDENANZAS MUNICIPALES EN LA LEY 2/2006 DE SUELO Y URBAN
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ-RUBIO HORNILLOS GONZALO
Published: March 2022

Hasta la aprobación de la Constitución Española era el Estado quien tenía todas las competencias sobre vivienda sujeta a régimen de protección. Aprobada la Constitución, se comenzaron a aprobar los distintos Estatutos de Autonomía y las Comunidades Autónomas empezaron a regular sus propios regímenes de viviendas protegidas. El problema surge cuando las Entidades Locales comienzan a crear y regular sus propios regímenes de vivienda protegida. Son varios los Ayuntamientos que aprueban Ordenanzas en las que desarrollan un régimen municipal de vivienda protegida. Sin embargo, la primera vez en que, a nivel autonómico, se plantea la posibilidad de que los Ayuntamientos aprueben sus propias Ordenanzas reguladoras de vivienda protegida es con la Ley 2/2006, de Suelo y Urbanismo de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco.

Espainiako Konstituzioa onartu zen arte, Estatuak zeuzkan babes-araubideren baten peko etxebizitza guztien gaineko eskumen guztiak. Behin Konstituzioa onartutakoan, autonomia-estatutuak onartzen hasi ziren, eta autonomia-erkidegoak etxebizitza babestuen araubideak arautzen hasi ziren. Toki-administrazioko erakundeak etxebizitza babestuen araubideak sortzen eta arautzen hasi zirenean agertu zen arazoa. Hainbat udalek ordenantzak onartu zituzten etxebizitza babestuen udal-araubideak garatzeko. Hala ere, udalek etxebizitza babestuak arautzeko beren ordenantzak onartzea, autonomia-erkidegoetan, 2/2006 Legearekin (Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko Lurzoruari eta Hirigintzari buruzko Legearekin, alegia) gertatu zen lehenbizi.

Until the enactment of the Spanish Constitution, it was the central government that used to enjoy all powers related to social housing. When the Constitution was passed, several statutes of autonomy were enacted and the Autonomous Communities began to regulate their own social housing regimes. The problem arose when Local Entities began to create and regulate their own social housing schemes. Several city councils enacted rules establishing a municipal regime on social housing. However, the first time that at the level of Autonomous Communities was admitted that city councils might pass their own bylaws on social housing is Act 2/2006 on Land and Town Plannig of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country.
MARCO COMPETENCIAL DE LA GENERALIDAD EN MATERIA DE EMPLEO PÚBLICO Y ESTRUCTURA Y ORDENACIÓN DEL EMPLEO PÚBLICO DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA LOCAL
Authors: JIMÉNEZ ASENSIO RAFAEL
Published: March 2022

El presente trabajo pretende analizar el alcance de la competencia autonómica en materia de función pública recogida en el artículo 136 del Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña de 2006, a la luz de las previsiones recogidas en el Estatuto Básico del Empleado Público y teniendo como medida las competencias locales en esta materia.

Lan honek autonomia erkidegoak funtzio publikoaren esparruan duen eskumena, Kataluniako 2006ko Autonomia Estatutuaren 136. artikuluan jasoa, norainokoa den aztertzen du, betiere, Enplegatu Publikoaren Oinarrizko Estatutuko aurreikuspenen argitan eta tokimailako eskumenak neurritzat hartuz.

This work tries to analyze the scope of the autonomous power in relation to Public Service as set forth in article 136 of the Statute of Autonomy of Cataluña 2008 in the light of the provisions adopted by the Basic Statute of the Public Officer and taking into account the powers of local entities in that field.
OTRA VEZ SOBRE NOMBRAMIENTOS DE ALTOS CARGOS JUDICIALES: LA SALA 3ª DEL TS RETOMA EL RUMBO
Authors: IGARTUA SALAVERRIA JUAN
Published: March 2022

He aquí un nuevo episodio jurisdiccional que ilustra las oscilaciones de la Sala Tercera (esta última venturosa, no así la que la precedía -según comentario publicado en este misma Revista-) en la interpretación y aplicación de su propia doctrina, en torno a la motivación de los nombramientos judiciales discrecionales, formulada en Sentencia de 29 de mayo de 2006.

Hona hemen, beste behin, nola aldatzen duen Hirugarren Aretoak, epaileen izendapen diskrezionalak arrazoitzeko orduan, bere doktrina interpretatzeko eta aplikatzeko modua; oraingo honetan 2006ko maiatzaren 26ko epaian egin du hori, eta garai onean gainera, aurrekoan ez bezala (aldizkari honetan bertan argitaratutako iruzkinaren arabera behintzat).

Here again a new judicial chapter that exemplifies the swings by the Supreme Court¿ Third Section (this time fortunate, and not like the previous one ¿as it was written in this Review¿) on the interpretation and application of its own caselaw relating to motivation of dicretional judicial appointments, as formulated in judgment of May 29th 2006.
CULTIVOS TRANSGÉNICOS Y CLÁUSULA DE SALVAGUARDIA. COMENTARIO A LA SENTENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL DE JUSTICIA DE 13 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 2007, LAND OBERÖSTERREICH Y AUSTRIA C. COMISIÓN
Authors: URRUTIA LIBARONA IÑIGO
Published: March 2022

Al hilo de la declaración del Gobierno Vasco de 20 de febrero de 2007, se analiza la capacidad de las autoridades regionales de intervenir sobre la comercialización de OGM, y la jurisprudencia comunitaria al respecto.

Eusko Jaurlaritzak 2007ko otsailaren 20an onartu zuen deklaraziaren hildotik, artikuluak zera aztertzen du: eskualde agintaritzek transgenikoen merkataritza jardueren gainean dituzten ahalmenak, eta horri buruzko jurisprudentzia europarra.

Having regard the declaration of the Basque Government of 13th september 2007, this article analize the powers of regional authorities in order to regulate the GMO market and also the case-law of the European Court.
NF1 Mutated Metastatic Melanoma and Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Backer C De , Laenen A  , Bechter O
Published: March 2022

1.1. Background: Based on molecular profiling, malignant melanoma is classified in four different groups. NF1-mutated tumors are a small subgroup occurring with a frequency of 13% of all malignant melanomas, usually harboring a high tumor mutational burden (TMB). Considering TMB as being a prerequisite for the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, we were wondering if this rare subtype is associated with a higher response rate to immunotherapy than it is known for the general melanoma population. 1.2. Methods: We analyzed a small cohort of 14 NF1 mutated metastatic melanoma patients and retrospectively assessed the response rate (RR) according to RECIST 1.1, Progression Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS). We compared our results with outcome data reported in several clinical trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors. 1.3. Results: For our cohort, we noticed an objective response rate of 64%, which is higher than the response rate generally reported for anti-PD1 based therapy in a population of melanoma patients. The PFS rate at twelve months was 62%, next to an OS rate at twelve months of approximately 84%. Additional mutations co-occur in NF1-mutated patients. Although we did not find an association between the number of additional mutations and response in general, we did notice a significant correlation between mutations in TERT promotor region and tumor response (p-value 0.027). 1.4. Conclusion: Despite the small patient group, we observed a higher response rate for NF1 mutated metastatic melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy. In addition, a significant correlation between response rate and the presence of hTERT promotor mutations was observed
Etiology of Pilonidal Sinus - The Bottom Line
Authors: EA Huurman , CAL De Raaff , RM Smeenk , BR Toorenvliet
Published: March 2022

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is common among young adults and occurs more often in men than in women (3:1). Pilonidal derives from pilus (“hair”) and nidus (“nest”) and literally means nest of hair. In practice, PSD is mostly defined as the presence of one or more pits or sinus cavities in the sacrococcygeal area that often contain hair and are prone to infection and abscess formation. The etiology of PSD has been discussed for more than two centuries. Our interest in the etiology of PSD was sparked after two patients visited our outpatient clinic with surprising findings in their pilonidal cavities. These findings motivated us to review the literature to better understand the etiology of this disease. Ten articles contained original research on the etiology of PSD in the IGF and were finally included for this review.