bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sources of Emotional Support for Adolescents With Cancer
Authors: Ritchie Mary Ann
Published: February 2016

The significance of emotional social support in the lives of children and adoles cents with cancer is now being recognized as a significant determinant in their psychosocial response to the experience of cancer and treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify whom adolescents perceived as providing emotional support and how helpful these individuals were in helping them cope through the experience of cancer. Forty-five adolescents with cancer responded to the following open-ended questions regarding their perceived emotional social support: "Who or what are your primary sources of emotional support?" "How helpful are these resources to you in dealing with your experiences with cancer?" Descriptive analyses of participants' responses indicated that the adolescents' mothers and their friends were the two most often cited sources of emotional support. In addition, while responses varied among adolescents, they described their identified sources of emotional support to be very helpful to them as they lived through the experience of cancer. These findings support past research that has determined that adolescents' social support systems extend beyond the family, but that mothers continue to have a significant, meaningful role in the lives of adolescents with cancer.
Pain Management for the Child with Cancer in End-of-Life Care: APON Position Paper
Authors: Hooke Casey , Hellsten Melody Brown , Stutzer Cindy , Forte Kathy
Published: February 2016

Although there have been major advances in the treatment of childhood cancer with an overall survival rate of more than 70%, cancer continues to be the leading cause of death in children resulting from disease. In 1998, 2,500 children in the United States died of cancer-related causes. Each year cancer kills more children than asthma, diabetes, cystic fibrosis, congenital anomalies, and acquired immu nodeficiency syndrome combined. The Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses (APON) is the leading professional organization for nurses caring for children and adolescents with cancer and their families. The highest standards of nursing practice are achieved through education, research, certification, advocacy, and affiliation. It is the position of APON that pain in the child dying of cancer can be effectively managed. This can be accomplished by making the prevention and alleviation of pain a primary goal, partnering with the patient and parents, and aggressively using appropriate pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interven tions. The pediatric oncology nurse has an essential role in the child's pain management at the end of life through nursing assessment, identifying expected outcomes, and performing and evaluating interventions.
Positive Psychology Intervention to Alleviate Child Depression and Increase Life Satisfaction
Authors: Kwok Sylvia Y. C. L. , Gu Minmin , Kit Katrina Tong Kai
Published: February 2016

Purpose:

The study aims to examine the effectiveness of a positive psychology group-based intervention program, incorporating elements of hope and gratitude, in decreasing depression and increasing life satisfaction among primary school students in Hong Kong.

Method:

A total of 68 children, with the Depression score of Chinese Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale from 9 to 11, were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. An eight-session intervention group-based program was conducted in five primary schools.

Results:

Participants of the intervention groups showed a significant decrease in depression and significant increase in life satisfaction, partially mediated by hope and gratitude, after the intervention when compared with those of the control groups.

Discussion:

As positive psychology intervention teaches children ways to increase their positive cognition, emotions, and behaviors, it may help children cope with current emotional problems and enhance their capability to deal with future stress and adversities.
Development and Validation of the Perceived Social Work Competence Scale in China
Authors: Wang Yean , Chui Ernest
Published: February 2016

Objective:

This article reports a study that developed and validated the Perceived Social Work Competence Scale (PSWCS) for assessing social work students’ competence in Mainland China.

Method:

The indicators were generated by a broad empirical review of recent literature, confirmed by experts, and indigenized by means of two focus groups of students. Two separate studies were conducted, using samples of social work students. Exploratory factor analyses and reliability tests were conducted on a cross-validation sample ( n1 = 291) of social work students. Confirmatory factor analyses and tests of predictive validity were conducted on the second sample ( n2 = 300).

Results:

The 48-indicator PSWCS (including nine subscales) demonstrated excellent internal consistency, acceptable test–retest reliability, satisfactory factorial validity, and positive correlation with the students’ grade point average and their satisfaction with their field experience.

Conclusions:

The PSWCS is important for enabling students to assess their competence and for enabling educators to improve field education.
100 Years of Human Factors/Ergonomics at Purdue University
Authors: Proctor Robert W. , Kim Sung-Hee
Published: February 2016

Human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) has a 100-year history at Purdue University. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth exerted considerable influence on the development of HF/E at Purdue during its first 50 years. Their interdisciplinary approach is evident in the programs of the School of Industrial Engineering and the Department of Psychological Sciences as well as in the many individuals in other departments who have interests in HF/E. Although there has been a shift toward cognitive ergonomics in the past 50 years, the interdisciplinary legacy of the Gilbreths continues to be relevant to research, education, and application in HF/E in the 21st century.
Engineering Trust in Complex Automated Systems
Authors: Lyons Joseph B. , Koltai Kolina S. , Ho Nhut T. , Johnson Walter B. , Smith David E. , Shively R. Jay
Published: February 2016

We studied the transparency of automated tools used during emergency operations in commercial aviation. Transparency (operationalized as increasing levels of explanation associated with an automated tool recommendation) was manipulated to evaluate how transparent interfaces influence pilot trust of an emergency landing planning aid. We conducted a low-fidelity study in which commercial pilots interacted with simulated recommendations from NASA’s Emergency Landing Planner (ELP) that varied in their associated levels of transparency. Results indicated that trust in the ELP was influenced by the level of transparency within the human–machine interface of the ELP. Design recommendations for automated systems are discussed.
Impaired retinal microcirculation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jiang Hong , Delgado Silvia , Tan Jia , Liu Che , Rammohan Kottil W , DeBuc Delia Cabrera , Lam Byron L , Feuer William J , Wang Jianhua
Published: February 2016

Background:

The transparent ocular structure enables quantitative analysis of microvasculature of retina, a neuronal tissue affected by multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine whether the retinal blood flow velocity and flow volume at the macula are impaired in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Methods:

A total of 17 RRMS patients and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were assessed. A retinal function imager was used to measure the blood flow velocity of retinal arterioles and venules and to calculate the total perifoveal blood flow volume.

Results:

The blood flow velocities of the retinal arterioles (3.34 ± 0.89 mm/s) and venules (2.61 ± 0.6 mm/s) were significantly lower in MS patients than normal subjects (arteriole: 4.10 ± 0.87 mm/s; venule: 3.22 ± 0.65 mm/s, both p = 0.01). In addition, the total perifoveal blood flow volume in arterioles (3.74 ± 1.64 nL/s) and venules (3.81 ± 1.60 nL/s) were significantly lower in MS patients than in normal subjects (arteriole: 4.87 ± 1.41 nL/s, p = 0.02; venule: 4.71 ± 1.64 nL/s, p = 0.04).

Conclusion:

The impaired retinal microcirculation in RRMS patients indicates microvascular dysfunction in MS.
‘This place is making me more depressed’: The organisation of care for suicide attempters in a South African hospital
Authors: Bantjes Jason , Nel Annemi , Louw Kerry-Ann , Frenkel Louise , Benjamin Ereshia , Lewis Ian
Published: February 2016

People who attend hospital following a suicide attempt represent a well-delineated high-risk group of patients who may be amenable to targeted interventions to reduce the risk of suicidal behaviour. Little is, however, known about how hospitals in South Africa respond to suicide attempters, what quality of care these patients receive or what possibilities exist for hospital-based suicide prevention interventions. We describe an ethnographic study conducted at a large hospital in South Africa to investigate the impact of current procedures and practices on the care received by those who attempt suicide. Findings suggest that the organisation of care within the hospital is a significant barrier to patients receiving optimal care and represents a lost opportunity for suicide prevention. Findings highlight the mismatch between the needs of suicide attempters and current services and call attention to the need for greater psychological input as well as hospital-based suicide prevention interventions that can be offered to patients without necessitating admissions.
On implicit racial prejudice against infants
Authors: Wolf Lukas J. , Maio Gregory R. , Karremans Johan C. , Leygue Caroline
Published: February 2016

Because of the innocence and dependence of children, it would be reassuring to believe that implicit racial prejudice against out-group children is lower than implicit prejudice against out-group adults. Yet, prior research has not directly tested whether or not adults exhibit less spontaneous prejudice toward child targets than adult targets. Three studies addressed this issue, contrasting adults with very young child targets. Studies 1A and B revealed that participants belonging to an ethnic majority group (White Europeans) showed greater spontaneous favorability toward their ethnic in-group than toward an ethnic out-group (South Asians), and this prejudice emerged equally for infant and adult targets. Study 2 found that this pattern occurred even when race was not a salient dimension of categorization in the implicit measure. Thus, there was a robust preference for in-group children over out-group children, and there was no evidence that this prejudice is weaker than that exhibited toward adults.
Dual identity and immigrants’ protest against discrimination: The moderating role of diversity ideologies
Authors: Verkuyten Maykel
Published: February 2016

Discrimination of immigrant groups is an important social problem in many societies around the world. This study examines the moderating role of cultural diversity beliefs on the relation between dual identity and the intention to protest against immigrants’ discrimination. An experimental study was conducted among national samples of the three main immigrant-origin groups in the Netherlands. It was found that dual identity predicted the intention to protest against discrimination more strongly within a context of multicultural recognition compared to a context of assimilation or interculturalism. This demonstrates that multicultural recognition is a facilitating condition for dual identifiers to get involved in collective action for social change.
Dog bite injuries in children: Clinical implications for head involvement
Authors: Sribnick Eric A , Sarda Samir , Sawvel Michael S , Reisner Andrew , Chern Joshua J
Published: February 2016

Background

Given the popularity of dogs in the United States, children with dog bite injuries represent a significant health concern. While dog bite injury in any area of the body can lead to significant morbidity and potential mortality, dog bite injury to the head tends to occur in younger children and leads to more significant pathology.

Methods

This study presents data obtained from retrospective analysis of a trauma database from a single, urban pediatric hospital system. Data were gathered over more than eight years and includes 236 patients. We examined patient demographics, dog breed involved, hospital course and treatment, infection rate, antibiotic use, and disposition.

Results

Of the 236 total patients, 174 patients had head involvement with the injury. The dog involved tended to be an animal owned by a family member or family friend. Patients who had head involvement tended to be younger than those without head involvement. Head injury correlated with a significant increase in the number of surgeries required. The two deaths were exclusively in children under three months of age who had head involvement. Patients given antibiotic prophylaxis with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were associated with a lower rate of post-injury infection than patients on other forms of antibiotic prophylaxis, and patients treated without antibiotic prophylaxis had a lower infection than those treated with prophylactic antibiotics.

Conclusions

Dog bites in children represent a significant, preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Our data suggest that young children are especially vulnerable and dog–child interactions should be monitored closely, even when the dog is familiar to the child.
Race, Colonial History and National Identity: Resident Evil 5 as a Japanese Game
Authors: Martin Paul
Published: February 2016

Resident Evil 5 is a zombie game made by Capcom, featuring a White American protagonist and set in Africa. This article argues that approaching this as a Japanese game reveals aspects of a Japanese racial and colonial social imaginary that are missed if this context of production is ignored. In terms of race, the game presents hybrid racial subjectivities that can be related to Japanese perspectives of Blackness and Whiteness, where these terms are two poles of difference and identity through which an essentialized Japanese identity is constructed in what Iwabuchi calls “strategic hybridism.” In terms of colonialism, the game echoes structures of Japanese colonialism through which Japanese colonialism is obliquely memorialized and a “normal” Japanese global subjectivity can be performed.
Investigation of multiple spindle characteristics under non-uniform bearing preload
Authors: Zhang Yanfei , Li Xiaohu , Hong Jun , Yan Ke , Wang Sun’an
Published: February 2016

The non-uniform distribution load during machining and assembly process is crucial for spindle system, especially in complex working conditions. The conception of non-uniform preload adjustment approach was proposed and experimentally investigated in this article. Based on the mechanical equivalent principle, the non-uniform preload was theoretically transformed to the combination of uniform preload and an extra moment. Then, the non-uniform preload of rolling bearing was experimentally measured and analyzed via a spacer with 15-µm wear loss on the end face. The spindle performance factors, such as rotation accuracy, temperature rising, acceleration, and vibration, were all monitored. The rotation center of spindle was deviated in different non-uniform preload conditions. Meanwhile, the temperature and vibration performance of non-uniform preload are superior to those of uniform bearing preload.
Modeling of fuel supply system for a high-temperature high-speed wind tunnel
Authors: Cai Chaozhi , Yang Yumin , Liu Tao
Published: February 2016

According to the problem that the mathematical model of the fuel supply system of the high-temperature high-speed wind tunnel is hard to be established, this article uses the method which combines the mechanism modeling method and system identification to establish the equivalence mathematical model of the fuel supply system. First, according to the working principle of the system, the original mathematical model of the fuel supply system is established using mechanism modeling method; the characteristics of the system are analyzed, and the unknown parameters and time-varying parameters are ascertained, that is to say, the prior knowledge of the system is obtained. Then, unknown uncertain parameters of the system are estimated using least square method, so the equivalence mathematical model of the fuel supply system can be obtained. The simulation and experimental results show that the mathematical model of the fuel supply system established in this article has high precision and can be used as an actual model in the control of the fuel flow rate.
Internationalisation as marketisation? Tuition fees for international students in Finland
Authors: Kauko Jaakko , Medvedeva Anna
Published: February 2016

Having been on the agenda in Finnish policy-making for a decade, tuition fees for students outside the European Union and the European Economic Area became reality in the beginning of 2016. Drawing on institutional theory the current article tracks this development through the analysis of documents and interviews on different levels. The argumentation on the top level more strongly reflects internationalisation as marketisation, whereas on the grassroots level the focus tends to be on internationalisation as the reorganisation of traditional academic activities. Similarly, whereas national-level discourse shows more concern about global competitiveness, departmental logic focuses on integration, academic communication, studying and the curriculum.
Event and Cost Offsets of Switching 20% of the Type 1 Diabetes Population in Germany From Multiple Daily Injections to Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: Zöllner York Francis , Ziegler Ralph , Stüve Magnus , Krumreich Julia , Schauf Marion
Published: February 2016

Background:

Most patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) administer insulin by multiple daily injections (MDI). However, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy has been shown to improve glycemic control compared with MDI.

Objective:

The objective was to determine the key medical event and cost offsets generated over a 4-year period by introducing CSII to T1D patients who have inadequately controlled glucose metabolism on MDI in Germany.

Methods:

A decision-analytic budget impact model, simulating a treatment switch scenario, was developed. In the base case, all T1D patients received MDI, while in the switch scenario, 20% of the eligible T1D population, randomly selected, moved to CSII. The model focused on 2 medical endpoints and their corresponding cost offsets: severe hypoglycemic events requiring hospitalization (SHEH) and complication-borne diabetic events (CDEs) avoided. Event rates and costs were taken from the literature and official sources, adopting a health insurance perspective.

Results:

Compared with the base case, treating 20% of patients with CSII in the switch scenario resulted in 47 864 fewer SHEH and 5543 fewer CDEs. This led to total cost offsets of €183 085 281 within the 4-year time horizon. Of these, 92% were driven by avoided SHEH. Compared to an expected budget impact (cost increase) of 83%, only treatment costs considered, the total impact of the switch scenario amounted merely to a 24.5% increase in costs (reduction by 58.5% points; a factor of 3.4).

Conclusion:

The use of CSII resulted in fewer SHEH and CDEs compared to MDI. The incurred CSII implementation costs are hence offset to a substantial degree by cost savings in complication treatment.
Fundamental Importance of Reference Glucose Analyzer Accuracy for Evaluating the Performance of Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems (BGMSs)
Authors: Bailey Timothy S. , Klaff Leslie J. , Wallace Jane F. , Greene Carmine , Pardo Scott , Harrison Bern , Simmons David A.
Published: February 2016

Background:

As blood glucose monitoring system (BGMS) accuracy is based on comparison of BGMS and laboratory reference glucose analyzer results, reference instrument accuracy is important to discriminate small differences between BGMS and reference glucose analyzer results. Here, we demonstrate the important role of reference glucose analyzer accuracy in BGMS accuracy evaluations.

Methods:

Two clinical studies assessed the performance of a new BGMS, using different reference instrument procedures. BGMS and YSI analyzer results were compared for fingertip blood that was obtained by untrained subjects’ self-testing and study staff testing, respectively. YSI analyzer accuracy was monitored using traceable serum controls.

Results:

In study 1 (N = 136), 94.1% of BGMS results were within International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15197:2013 accuracy criteria; YSI analyzer serum control results showed a negative bias (−0.64% to −2.48%) at the first site and a positive bias (3.36% to 6.91%) at the other site. In study 2 (N = 329), 97.8% of BGMS results were within accuracy criteria; serum controls showed minimal bias (<0.92%) at both sites.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that the ability to demonstrate that a BGMS meets accuracy guidelines is influenced by reference instrument accuracy.
Subcultural ostensive luxury as a creative and mimetic process: The case of the Sapeurs Parisiens
Authors: Brodin Oliviane , Coulibaly Daouda , Ladwein Richard
Published: February 2016

Luxury brands use an authoritarian discourse. It governs the ostentatious and conformist consumption that lays down social distances. Some subcultures are adopting luxury brands for ostensive practices that blur social distinctions. Such consumption can be problematic for luxury brands, which lose control over their discourse and have to satisfy both their traditional clients and this new clientele. The purpose of this research is to understand the practices, processes and individual and collective effects of subcultural ostensive use of luxury brands and the mimetic mechanisms found therein. An empirical study was carried out on the Sapeurs Parisiens, a subculture of African dandies. An interpretive analysis was carried out on interviews as well as photographic, videographic and netnographic observations. This enables us to understand this subculture as an individuating practice involving luxury items which takes place through a process of hybridisation and creates a specific grotesque genre. This research contributes to the distinction between ostentatious and ostensive luxury and a better understanding of creative mimetic processes. Ostensive luxury is an interesting source of co-creativity and raises questions about the risks facing brands.
From Bourdieu to Lahire: Social determinism and pluralist consumer practices
Authors: Trizzulla Caterina , Garcia-Bardidia Renaud , Rémy Eric
Published: February 2016

This article sets out to introduce Bernard Lahire’s recent reiterations of the Bourdieusian approach to the body of consumer research. Lahire’s work accounts for dissonant cultural practices at an individual level. He questions the singularity of the habitus, the relative autonomy of fields, and the homology of the social practices proposed by Bourdieu. His work could make a significant contribution to consumer research in three ways: (1) it reiterates the Bourdieusian concepts in a way that better addresses the problems of a society made up of pluralist yet multi-determined individuals, (2) it reasserts the importance of individual-scale analysis of the social forces that more subjectivist approaches would be at risk of masking and (3) it sets out a way to understand socialisation by combining contexts through the incorporation of certain dispositions. Based on these contributions, this article sets out a research programme with a view to better linking contexts, dispositions and pluralist consumer practices on an individual scale.
Platelet microparticles inhibit IL-17 production by regulatory T cells through P-selectin
Authors: Dinkla Sip , van Cranenbroek Bram , van der Heijden Wouter A. , He Xuehui , Wallbrecher Rike , Dumitriu Ingrid E. , van der Ven André J. , Bosman Giel J. C. G. M. , Koenen Hans J. P. M. , Joosten Irma
Published: February 2016

Key Points

Platelet-derived microparticles inhibit IL-17 and IFN-γ production by Tregs and stimulate Treg stability in an inflammatory environment. Platelet-derived microparticles inhibit Treg plasticity in a P-selectin– and partially CXCR3-dependent manner.
Beyond the plasma cell: emerging therapies for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Weiss Brendan M. , Wong Sandy W. , Comenzo Raymond L.
Published: February 2016

Systemic immunoglobulin light chain (LC) amyloidosis (AL) is a potentially fatal disease caused by immunoglobulin LC produced by clonal plasma cells. These LC form both toxic oligomers and amyloid deposits disrupting vital organ function. Despite reduction of LC by chemotherapy, the restoration of organ function is highly variable and often incomplete. Organ damage remains the major source of mortality and morbidity in AL. This review focuses on the challenges posed by emerging therapies that may limit the toxicity of LC and improve organ function by accelerating the resorption of amyloid deposits.
Targeted gene editing restores regulated CD40L function in X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome
Authors: Hubbard Nicholas , Hagin David , Sommer Karen , Song Yumei , Khan Iram , Clough Courtnee , Ochs Hans D. , Rawlings David J. , Scharenberg Andrew M. , Torgerson Troy R.
Published: February 2016

Key Points

The CD40LG locus can be specifically targeted and repaired in primary human T cells by insertion of a spliced CD40LG complementary DNA. Gene editing restores regulated CD40L expression in X-HIGM T cells, reconstituting B-cell immunoglobulin class switching.
Loss of Muscle Mass During Chemotherapy Is Predictive for Poor Survival of Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Blauwhoff-Buskermolen Susanne , Versteeg Kathelijn S. , de van der Schueren Marian A.E. , den Braver Nicole R. , Berkhof Johannes , Langius Jacqueline A.E. , Verheul Henk M.W.
Published: February 2016

Purpose

Low muscle mass is present in approximately 40% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and may be associated with poor outcome. We studied change in skeletal muscle during palliative chemotherapy in patients with mCRC and its association with treatment modifications and overall survival.

Patients and Methods

In 67 patients with mCRC (mean age ± standard deviation, 66.4 ± 10.6 years; 63% male), muscle area (square centimeters) was assessed using computed tomography scans of the third lumbar vertebra before and during palliative chemotherapy. Treatment modifications resulting from toxicity were evaluated, including delay, dose reduction, or termination of chemotherapy. Multiple regression analyses were performed for the association between change in muscle area and treatment modification and secondly overall survival.

Results

Muscle area of patients with mCRC decreased significantly during 3 months of chemotherapy by 6.1% (95% CI, −8.4 to −3.8; P < .001). Change in muscle area was not associated with treatment modifications. However, patients with muscle loss during treatment of 9% or more (lowest tertile) had significantly lower survival rates than patients with muscle loss of less than 9% (at 6 months, 33% v 69% of patients alive; at 1 year, 17% v 49% of patients alive; log-rank P = .001). Muscle loss of 9% or more remained independently associated with survival when adjusted for sex, age, baseline lactate dehydrogenase concentration, comorbidity, mono-organ or multiorgan metastases, treatment line, and tumor progression at first evaluation by computed tomography scan (hazard ratio, 4.47; 95% CI, 2.21 to 9.05; P < .001).

Conclusion

Muscle area decreased significantly during chemotherapy and was independently associated with survival in patients with mCRC. Further clinical evaluation is required to determine whether nutritional interventions and exercise training may preserve muscle area and thereby improve outcome.
SIRFLOX: Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing First-Line mFOLFOX6 (Plus or Minus Bevacizumab) Versus mFOLFOX6 (Plus or Minus Bevacizumab) Plus Selective Internal Radiation Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: van Hazel Guy A. , Heinemann Volker , Sharma Navesh K. , Findlay Michael P.N. , Ricke Jens , Peeters Marc , Perez David , Robinson Bridget A. , Strickland Andrew H. , Ferguson Tom , Rodríguez Javier , Kröning Hendrik , Wolf Ido , Ganju Vinod , Walpole Euan , Boucher Eveline , Tichler Thomas , Shacham-Shmueli Einat , Powell Alex , Eliadis Paul , Isaacs Richard , Price David , Moeslein Fred , Taieb Julien , Bower Geoff , Gebski Val , Van Buskirk Mark , Cade David N. , Thurston Kenneth , Gibbs Peter
Published: February 2016

Purpose

SIRFLOX was a randomized, multicenter trial designed to assess the efficacy and safety of adding selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) using yttrium-90 resin microspheres to standard fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)–based chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer.

Patients and Methods

Chemotherapy-naïve patients with liver metastases plus or minus limited extrahepatic metastases were randomly assigned to receive either modified FOLFOX (mFOLFOX6; control) or mFOLFOX6 plus SIRT (SIRT) plus or minus bevacizumab. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) at any site as assessed by independent centralized radiology review blinded to study arm.

Results

Between October 2006 and April 2013, 530 patients were randomly assigned to treatment (control, 263; SIRT, 267). Median PFS at any site was 10.2 v 10.7 months in control versus SIRT (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.12; P = .43). Median PFS in the liver by competing risk analysis was 12.6 v 20.5 months in control versus SIRT (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.90; P = .002). Objective response rates (ORRs) at any site were similar (68.1% v 76.4% in control v SIRT; P = .113). ORR in the liver was improved with the addition of SIRT (68.8% v 78.7% in control v SIRT; P = .042). Grade ≥ 3 adverse events, including recognized SIRT-related effects, were reported in 73.4% and 85.4% of patients in control versus SIRT.

Conclusion

The addition of SIRT to FOLFOX-based first-line chemotherapy in patients with liver-dominant or liver-only metastatic colorectal cancer did not improve PFS at any site but significantly delayed disease progression in the liver. The safety profile was as expected and was consistent with previous studies.
“A Certain Amount of ‘Recantation’”: On the Origins of Frank H. Knight's Antipositivism
Authors: Fiorito Luca
Published: February 2016

The aim of this article is to investigate in some detail the origins of Frank H. Knight's antipositivism and to assess the main influences that brought him to a change in methodological perspective after 1921. As importantly, the article also attempts to increase our general understanding of the methodological debates taking place during the early decades of the last century and to shed new light on the inherently pluralistic character of US interwar economics. The first section outlines Knight's methodological views as presented in his early works; the second section discusses Knight's “recantation” and his attack on behavioristic social science; the third section analyzes Knight's discussion of the nature and limitations of scientific economics; the fourth section offers a brief digression on Knight's relationship with American institutionalism; the fifth section deals with the later developments of Knight's antipositivism; the final section presents some conclusions.
The Emergence of “Emergence” In the Work of F. A. Hayek: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Lewis Paul
Published: February 2016

This article identifies the sources on which Friedrich Hayek drew in order to develop his understanding of the notion of emergence. It is widely acknowledged that the notion of emergence plays a significant role in Hayek's analyses of both the mind and the market. In Hayek's account, the key capacities of the human mind—such as its capacity to enable people to perceive the world around them and to form plans about how to act—are emergent properties of the structured array of neurons found in the human brain. Analogously, Hayek's analysis of the market portrays the coordinative powers of the price mechanism as an emergent property of the social system that is formed when people's (inter)actions are governed by a set of norms that includes both the formal rules of property and tort and contract law, and also informal norms of honesty and promise keeping. However, while several scholars have identified the importance of the notion of emergence in Hayek's thought, none have explored systematically and in detail the sources from which he acquired his knowledge of the concept. This article remedies that omission by examining the history of Hayek's use of the concept of emergence and identifying the sources through which notions of emergence and “emergent properties” entered his thinking. It is argued that the three main sources of influence are as follows: the ideas of the German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt; the work of members of the gestalt school of psychology; and the writings of the organicist biologists Joseph Woodger and Ludwig von Bertalanffy. The significance of the article's findings for those interested in the development of Hayek's economics is also discussed.
Genome-wide analysis of spatio-temporal gene expression patterns during early embryogenesis in rice
Authors: Itoh Jun-ichi , Sato Yutaka , Sato Yutaka , Hibara Ken-ichiro , Shimizu-Sato Sae , Kobayashi Hiromi , Takehisa Hinako , Sanguinet Karen A. , Namiki Nobukazu , Nagamura Yoshiaki
Published: February 2016

Embryogenesis in rice is unique from most dicotolydonous plants in that it shows a non-stereotypic cell division pattern, the formation of dorsal-ventral polarity, and endogenous initiation of the radicle. To reveal the transcriptional features associated with developmental events during rice early embryogenesis, we used microarray analysis coupled with laser microdissection to obtain both spatial and temporal transcription profiles. Our results allowed us to determine spatial expression foci for each expressed gene in the globular embryo, which revealed the importance of phytohormone-related genes and a suite of transcription factors to early embryogenesis. Our analysis showed the polarized expression of a small number of genes along the apical-basal and dorsal-ventral axes in the globular embryo, which tended to fluctuate in later developmental stages. We also analyzed gene expression patterns in the early globular embryo and how it relates to expression in embryonic organs at later stages. We confirmed the accuracy of the expression patterns found via microarray analysis of embryo subdomains using in situ hybridization. Our study identified both homologous genes from Arabidopsis thaliana with known functions in embryogenesis in addition to unique and uncharacterized genes that show polarized expression patterns during embryogenesis. The results of this study are presented in a database to provide a framework for spatio-temporal gene expression during rice embryogenesis, to serve as a resource for future functional analysis of genes, and as a basis for comparative studies of plant embryogenesis.
Retinoic acid-induced premature osteoblast-to-preosteocyte transitioning has multiple effects on calvarial development
Authors: Jeradi Shirine , Hammerschmidt Matthias
Published: February 2016

We have previously shown that human and zebrafish hypomorphs in the retinoic acid (RA)-metabolizing enzyme Cyp26b1 display coronal craniosynostosis, caused by an RA-induced premature transitioning of suture osteoblasts to preosteocytes inducing ectopic mineralization of the suture's osteoid matrix. In addition, we showed that human CYP26B1 null patients have more severe and seemingly opposite skull defects, characterized by smaller and fragmented calvaria, while the cellular basis of these defects remained largely unclear. Here, treating juvenile zebrafish with exogenous RA or a chemical Cyp26 inhibitor in the presence or absence of osteogenic cells or bone-resorbing osteoclasts, we demonstrate that both reduced calvarial size and calvarial fragmentation are also caused by RA-induced premature osteoblast-to-preosteocyte transitioning. During calvarial growth, the resulting osteoblast deprival leads to decreased osteoid production and thereby smaller and thinner calvaria, while calvarial fragmentation is caused by increased osteoclast stimulation through the gained preosteocytes. Together, our data demonstrate that RA-induced osteoblast-to-preosteocyte transitioning has multiple effects on developing bone in Cyp26b1 mutants, ranging from gain to loss of bone, and depending on the allelic strength, the developmental stage and the cellular context.
Simulation of Tempered Stable Lévy Bridges and Its Applications
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Kuk , Kim Sojung
Published: February 2016

We consider tempered stable Lévy subordinators and develop a bridge sampling method. An approximate conditional probability density function (PDF) given the terminal values is derived with stable index less than one, using the double saddlepoint approximation. We then propose an acceptance-rejection algorithm based on the existing gamma bridge and the inverse Gaussian bridge as proposal densities. Its performance is comparable to existing sequential sampling methods such as Devroye (2009) [Devroye L (2009) Random variate generation for exponentially and ploynomially tilted stable distributions. ACM Trans. Modeling Comput. Simulation 19(4):18:1–20.] and Hofert (2011) [Hofert M (2011) Sampling exponentially tilted stable distributions. ACM Trans. Modeling Comput. Simulation 22(1):3:1–11.] when generating a fixed number of observations. As applications, we consider option pricing problems in Lévy models. First, we demonstrate the effectiveness of bridge sampling when combined with adaptive sampling under finite-variance CGMY processes. Second, further efficiency gain is achieved in terms of variance reduction via stratified sampling.
Common fixed point theorems for weakly compatible non-self mappings in metric spaces of hyperbolic type
Authors: Eke Kanayo
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we establish common fixed point theorems for a pair of weakly compatible nonself mappings  satisfying generalized contractive  conditions in metric space of hyperbolic type. The results generalize and extend some results in literature.
Effects of climate changes on phenological periods of apple, cherry and wheat in Turkey
Türkiye’de iklim değişikliğinin elma, kiraz ve buğdayın fenolojik dönemlerine etkileri
Authors: Türkoğlu Necla , Şensoy Serhat , Aydın Olgu
Published: February 2016

It is known that the increase in air temperature from 1980 to present has dramatically changed the phenological periods of the plants in a large part of the world. In this study, the relationships between phenological periods of wheat plant, apple and cherry trees planted large areas in Turkey and climate change were investigated. In this study, the climate and phenological data for 1971-2012 period belonging to the General Directorate of Meteorology were used. The correlation coefficients between temperature and phenological data were calculated, and their trends were examined using Mann-Kendall trend analysis. In Turkey, positive temperature anomalies have been observed since 1994 until present days. Negative relationships were found between phenological periods of apple, cherry and wheat and the average temperatures of February-May period when the plants grow faster. This situation shows that the plants shift their phenological periods to the earlier times in response to the increasing temperatures. The trend calculated for harvest times of apple, cherry, and wheat are -25, -22, -40 days/100 years respectively. It was calculated that an increase of 1.0ºC in the temperatures of the February-May period will shift the harvest times of apple, cheery and wheat by 5, 4 and 8 days earlier respectively. Özet1980’lerden günümüze hava sıcaklıklarındaki artış, Dünya’nın büyük bir bölümünde bitkilerin fenolojik dönemlerini önemli ölçüde değiştirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de geniş alanlar kaplayan buğday, elma ve kiraz bitkilerinin fenolojik dönemleri ile iklim değişikliği arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü’ne ait 1971-2012 döneminin iklim ve fenolojik verileri kullanılmıştır. Sıcaklık ile fenolojik veriler arasındaki korelasyon katsayıları hesaplanmış ve Mann- Kendall trend analizi ile eğilimlerine bakılmıştır. Türkiye’de 1994 yılından bu yana pozitif sıcaklık anomalileri bulunmuştur. Elma, kiraz ve buğdayın fenolojik dönemleri ile bitki gelişiminin fazla olduğu şubat-mayıs ortalama sıcaklıkları arasında negatif ilişki saptanmıştır. Bu durum bitkilerin artan sıcaklıklara tepki olarak fenolojik dönemlerini erkene kaydırdıklarını göstermektedir. Elma, kiraz ve buğdayın hasat tarihleri için hesaplanan trend sırasıyla-25, -22, -40 gün/100 yıl şeklindedir. Şubat-mayıs arası sıcaklıklarda 1.0°C’lik artışın anılan bitkilerin hasat tarihlerini sırasıyla 5, 4 ve 8 gün erkene kaydıracağı hesaplanmıştır.
Institutional development and bank competitive transformation in late industrializing economies: the Spanish case
Authors: Calvo Angela Garcia
Published: February 2016

This paper explores the contribution of national institutions to the competitive transformation of big commercial banks in late industrializing countries through the analysis of the Spanish case. The paper uses a comparative historical analysis to establish that strategic coordination between the state and large banks is a structural feature of the banking sector but may be articulated differently depending on the balance of power between states, banks and industry, the preferences of these actors, and their resources. Using evidence from Spain since the late 1970s, the paper argues that in this country, state-bank coordination was articulated as a non-hierarchical system of negotiated interactions and mutual exchanges of benefits between small groups of decision-makers at the government, the central bank, and big banks. Under the Spanish model, large banks contributed to the fulfillment of public policy objectives to develop the central bank's capacity to conduct monetary policy, strengthen supervision of the banking system, and modernize the financial sector. In exchange, big banks benefited from a favorable regulation that enabled them to restructure, consolidate the leadership of a new generation of bankers, and reach the efficiency frontier of their industry. The paper contributes to the literature of institutionalism by questioning the traditional dichotomy between market and strategic coordination. It also contributes to the literature of competitiveness by stimulating debate about the role of the state in supporting the transformation of big business.
Severe verapamil intoxication despite correct use of low-dose verapamil
Authors: Mandigers Loes , Bollen Pauline D.J. , Bijlstra Peter J. , Brands Els
Published: February 2016

We report a case of an adult patient using chronic low-dose verapamil who developed severe verapamil intoxication. A 57-year-old male patient was presented at the emergency room after a collapse of unknown etiology. The airway was compromised, and thus, an endotracheal tube was inserted. The patient deteriorated hemodynamically. Because of verapamil use and bradycardia, verapamil intoxication was suspected. The treatment was supported with intravenous fluids, calcium, inotropes, and a transvenous pacemaker. The patient progressively developed circulatory shock. Verapamil intoxication was confirmed, and therapy was adjusted accordingly. Insulin and calcium infusion were intensified, and glucagon and Intralipid® infusion were initiated. With this therapy, the patient’s condition improved rapidly. We found different factors in this patient that could have precipitated this event such as diminished metabolism by cytochrome P450 iso-enzymes, a slightly diminished renal function with hypoalbuminemia, and interaction with other protein-binding drugs.
Evaluation in the Sit-and-Reach Flexibility Test
Authors: Zanevskyy I. , Zanevska L.
Published: February 2016

The research in this paper aims to correct evaluation tables of the modified flexibility sit-and-reach test, avoiding unreasonable great fluctuations in the scales. A human body model in the test, as a kinematic chain, including trunk and upper-extremity members connected with rotated joints, is proposed. An integral parameter of hip rotation and spine-bend flexibility is derived as an angle between the hip to shoulder straight line and horizon. The corresponding error of the angle in the frames of the simplified model appears to be nearly 1.5 %. The bend of trunk member is investigated, and its modeling with the integral parameter of flexibility causes an error of the fingertips displacement of nearly 0.4 cm, which is smaller than an error of the test score recorder. Two smooth evaluation scales are modeled with a linear function and with a logarithmic function. Corresponding tables for proportional evaluation and for rapidly increased mark values on the higher test scores are derived.
Effects of Spray Adjuvants on Spray Droplet Size from a Rotary Atomizer
Authors: Hoffmann W. Clint , Fritz Bradley K. , Yang Chenghai
Published: February 2016

Rotary atomizers are used in a number of aerial applications, such as forest pest spraying and mosquito control sprays. These types of atomizers have a rotating cage at speeds of 2,000 to 10,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) through which a spray is emitted and atomized. Many applicators routinely add spray adjuvants to change the droplet size, reduce drift potential, or to reduce evaporative effects of a particular spray solution; therefore, six commonly used classes of spray adjuvants were evaluated to determine their effects on droplet size. If an applicator's only concern was minimizing spray drift, the applicator could choose a polymer or high surfactant oil concentrate for helicopter speeds and a polymer for fixed-wing applications. For applicators working under hot, dry conditions where evaporation is a concern, choosing an oil-based adjuvant to help get better coverage by creating smaller droplets that do not evaporate would be recommended. Understanding the role the different adjuvant types play in the final droplet size of the spray is key to successfully setting up and making applications with rotary atomizers.
Ammonium Sulfate and Dipotassium Phosphate as Water Conditioning Adjuvants
Authors: Zollinger Richard K. , Howatt Kirk , Bernards Mark L. , Young Bryan G.
Published: February 2016

Glyphosate and dicamba are weak acid herbicides that can bind with antagonistic salts in the spray carrier. Ammonium sulfate (AMS) is commonly used as an adjuvant with glyphosate to enhance activity and overcome antagonistic salts. Dicamba use in resistant soybean will restrict addition of AMS due to the potential to form the ammonium salt of dicamba, considered more volatile than the applied form of dicamba, thus increasing risk of injury to nearby susceptible crops. Dipotassium phosphate (DPP) as a substitute for AMS does not contain nitrogen. DPP can partially overcome antagonism from minerals in the spray solution but is ineffective in reducing dicamba antagonism of clethodim. The margin of separation is greater on species that are particularly responsive to AMS in hard water. In addition to water conditioning properties of sulfate, ammonium in AMS increases herbicide absorption and translocation. The positively charged potassium from DPP is a weak herbicide antagonist and, even at low amounts, may reduce herbicide efficacy. Because DPP may condition water through the phosphate anion, the compound is void of nitrogen, which may explain why DPP does not exhibit the same level of overcoming mineral and herbicide antagonism as AMS.