bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AXES-2MRS: A new all-sky catalogue of extended X-ray galaxy groups
Authors: Khalil H. , Finoguenov A. , Tempel E. , Mamon G. A.
Published: September 2024

Context. Understanding baryonic physics at the galaxy-group level is a prerequisite for cosmological studies of the large-scale structure. One poorly understood aspect of galaxy groups is related to the properties of their hot intragroup medium. The well-studied X-ray groups have strong cool cores by which they were selected, so expanding the selection of groups is currently an important avenue in uncovering the diversity within the galaxy group population.

Aims. We present a new all-sky catalogue of X-ray-detected groups (AXES-2MRS) based on the identification of large X-ray sources found in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) with the Two Micron Redshift Survey (2MRS) Bayesian Group Catalogue. We studied the basic properties of these galaxy groups to gain insights into the effect of different group selections on the properties.

Methods. In addition to X-ray luminosity from shallow survey data of RASS, we obtained detailed X-ray properties of the groups by matching the AXES-2MRS catalogue to archival X-ray observations by XMM-Newton and complemented this by adding the published XMM-Newton results on galaxy clusters in our catalogue. We analysed temperature and density to the lowest overdensity accessible by the data, obtaining hydrostatic mass estimates at a uniform overdensity of 10 000 times the critical, M10 000, and comparing them to the velocity dispersions of the groups. We explored the relationship between X-ray and optical properties of AXES-2MRS groups through the σv−LX, σv−kT, kT−LX, σv−M, and c200−LX scaling relations.

Results. We find a large spread in the central mass ( M10 000), measured by XMM-Newton, to virial mass (M200), inferred by the velocity dispersion, ratios for galaxy groups. This can either indicate that large non-thermal pressure of galaxy groups affects our X-ray mass measurements or the effect of a diversity of halo concentrations on the X-ray properties of galaxy groups. Previous catalogues based on detecting the peak of the X-ray emission preferentially sample the high-concentration groups. In contrast, our new catalogue uncovered many low-concentration groups, completely revising our understanding of X-ray groups.
Toroidal modified Miller-Turner CME model in EUHFORIA: Validation and comparison with flux rope and spheromak
Authors: Maharana A. , Linan L. , Poedts S. , Magdalenić J.
Published: September 2024

Context. Rising concerns about the impact of space-weather-related disruptions demand modelling and reliable forecasting of coronal mass ejection (CME) impacts.

Aims. In this study, we demonstrate the application of the modified Miller-Turner (mMT) model implemented within EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) in forecasting the geo-effectiveness of observed coronal mass ejection (CME) events in the heliosphere. Our goal is to develop a model that not only has a global geometry, in order to improve overall forecasting, but is also fast enough for operational space-weather forecasting.

Methods. We test the original full torus implementation and introduce a new three-fourths Torus version called the Horseshoe CME model. This new model has a more realistic CME geometry, and overcomes the inaccuracies of the full torus geometry. We constrain the torus geometrical and magnetic field parameters using observed signatures of the CMEs before, during, and after the eruption. We perform EUHFORIA simulations for two validation cases – the isolated CME event of 12 July 2012 and the CME–CME interaction event of 8–10 September 2014. We performed an assessment of the model’s capability to predict the most important Bz component using the advanced dynamic time-warping (DTW) technique.

Results. The Horseshoe model predictions of CME arrival time and geo-effectiveness for both validation events compare well with the observations and are weighed against the results obtained with the spheromak and FRi3D models, which were already available in EUHFORIA.

Conclusions. The runtime of the Horseshoe model simulations is close to that of the spheromak model, which is suitable for operational space weather forecasting. However, the capability of the magnetic field prediction at 1 AU of the Horseshoe model is close to that of the FRi3D model. In addition, we demonstrate that the Horseshoe CME model can be used for simulating successive CMEs in EUHFORIA, overcoming a limitation of the FRi3D model.
Bidimensional Exploration of the warm-Temperature Ionised gaS (BETIS)
Authors: González-Díaz R. , Rosales-Ortega F. F. , Galbany L.
Published: September 2024

The extraplanar diffuse ionised gas (eDIG) is a key component for understanding the feedback processes that connect galactic discs and their halos. In this paper, we present the second study of the Bidimensional Exploration of the warm-Temperature Ionised Gas (BETIS) project, the aim of which is to explore the possible ionisation mechanisms and characteristics of the eDIG. We use a sample of eight edge-on galaxies observed with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integral field spectrograph (IFS) and apply the methodology developed in the first paper of the BETIS project for obtaining binned emission line maps. We find that the vertical and radial profiles of the [N II]/Hα, [S II]/Hα, [O III]/Hβ, and [O I]/Hα ratios depict a complex ionisation structure within galactic halos – which is influenced by the spatial distribution of H II regions across the galactic plane as observed from our line of sight–, with Lyman continuum photon leakage from OB associations constituting the main ionisation source. Moreover, the electron temperature and S+/S ionisation ratio also exhibit a dependency on the distribution of H II regions within the galactic discs. Our analysis excludes low-mass, hot, and evolved stars (HOLMES) as viable candidates for secondary ionisation sources to elucidate the unusual behaviour of the line ratios at greater distances from the galactic midplane. In contrast, we ascertain that shocks induced in the interstellar medium by star formation(SF)-related feedback mechanisms represent a promising secondary ionisation source of the eDIG. We present a suite of models integrating ionisation mechanisms arising from fast shocks and photoionisation associated with star formation. When applied to the classical Baldwin–Phillips–Terlevich (BPT) diagrams, these models reveal that the ionisation budget of the eDIG ranges from 20% to 50% across our sample, with local variations of up to 20% within individual galaxy halos. This contribution correlates with the presence of filaments and other structural components observed within galaxy halos. The presence of shocks is additionally supported by the observation of a high density of high [O I]/Hα ratios, which is characteristic of shock-compressed ionised gas, and is likely induced by feedback from regions of intense SF within the galactic disc. These results demonstrate consistency across all galaxies analysed in this sample.
New results on the gamma-ray burst variability–luminosity relation
Authors: Guidorzi C. , Maccary R. , Tsvetkova A. , Kobayashi S. , Amati L. , Bazzanini L. , Bulla M. , Camisasca A. E. , Ferro L. , Frederiks D. , Frontera F. , Lysenko A. , Maistrello M. , Ridnaia A. , Svinkin D. , Ulanov M.
Published: September 2024

Context. At the dawn of the gamma–ray burst (GRB) afterglow era, a Cepheid-like correlation was discovered between the time variability V and the isotropic-equivalent peak luminosity Liso of the prompt emission of about a dozen long GRBs with measured redshift available at that time. Soon afterwards, the correlation was confirmed in a sample of about 30 GRBs, even though it was affected by significant scatter. Unlike the minimum variability timescale (MVT), V measures the relative power of short-to-intermediate timescales.

Aims. We aim to test the correlation using about 200 long GRBs with spectroscopically measured redshift, detected by Swift, Fermi, and Konus/WIND, for which both observables can be accurately estimated.

Methods. The variability for all selected GRBs was calculated according to the original definition using the 64 ms background-subtracted light curves of Swift/BAT (Fermi/GBM) in the 15–150 (8–900) keV energy passband. Peak luminosities were either taken from the literature or derived from modelling broad-band spectra acquired with either Konus/WIND or Fermi/GBM.

Results.The statistical significance of the correlation has weakened to ≲2%, mostly due to the appearance of a number of smooth and luminous GRBs that are characterised by a relatively small V. At odds with most long GRBs, three out of four long-duration merger candidates have high V and low Liso.

Conclusions. The luminosity is more tightly connected with shortest timescales measured by MVT than the short to intermediate timescales measured by V. We discuss the implications for internal dissipation models and the role of the e± photosphere. We identified a few smooth GRBs with a single broad pulse and low V that might have an external shock origin, in contrast with most GRBs. The combination of high variability (V ≳ 0.1), low luminosity Liso ≲ 1051 erg s−1, and short MVT (≲0.1 s) could be a good indicator for a compact binary merger origin.
Fat Distribution and its Correlation with Insulin Resistance,
Androgen Markers, and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Polycystic Ovary
Syndrome
Authors: de Melo Cavalcante Rebeca Bandeira , Leão Lenora Maria Camarate Silveira Martins , Tavares Ana Beatriz Winter , Lopes Karynne Grutter , Kraemer-Aguiar Luiz Guilherme
Published: September 2024

The high cardiometabolic risk associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
may be linked to central fat accumulation. This study compared fat distribution
between women with PCOS and controls matched by body mass index. It also sought
to determine if insulin resistance (IR), androgens, or inflammatory markers
correlate with body composition parameters in PCOS patients. In total,
thirty-five women with PCOS and 37 controls, aged 18–40 years, were included.
Hormonal/metabolic profiles, inflammatory biomarkers [tumor necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], anthropometry (waist
circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, lipid accumulation product [LAP], visceral
adiposity index [VAI]), and body composition assessed through dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry were assessed. The PCOS group exhibited significantly higher
androgen levels and markers of IR. However, levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were
comparable between the groups. Despite having similar total body fat mass (FM),
the PCOS group had excessive central fat, including increased truncal FM and
visceral adipose tissue (VAT). In PCOS, androgens were not associated with body
fat or its distribution. IL-6 was positively correlated with total and truncal
FM, while insulinemia and the homeostatic model assessment for IR were
positively associated with VAT, as well as with total and truncal FM. Although
anthropometric measurements and indices were positively associated with
DXA-derived central FM parameters, our data suggest that LAP is the most
effective tool for assessing central fat deposition and metabolic dysfunction in
the PCOS patients studied herein. Furthermore, in this population, IR, rather
than androgens or proinflammatory cytokines, is more closely associated with
abdominal obesity.
Clinical Presentation, Surgical Treatment, and Outcome of Traumatic Patellar Luxation in 11 Dogs and 5 Cats: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study between 2011 and 2022
Authors: Boullenger Julien , Beyer Clémentine , Sériot Paul , Griffeuille Emilien , Gibert Sophie , Dunié-Mérigot Antoine
Published: September 2024

Objective Patellar luxation (PL) is commonly diagnosed in dogs and cats; however, a traumatic cause is poorly reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to report the clinical presentation, surgical treatment, and outcome in dogs and cats surgically treated for traumatic PL.

Study Design This is a retrospective study. Medical records of dogs and cats operated for traumatic PL were reviewed. Short- and long-term follow-ups were assessed with medical records and telephone interviews with owners and referring veterinarians. Data on signalment, lameness, PL characteristics, surgery, complications, and outcome were recorded.

Results Eleven dogs and 5 cats were included. Both species had a median lameness grade of 4/5 and a median PL grade of 3/4. PL was medial in most cases (13/16). Joint capsule lesions were identified in 15 cases, 4 cases had trochlear ridge cartilage damage. All cases had a capsular imbrication, 12 cases had a fabello-patellar suture (FPS). Mean long-term follow-up time was 70.8 ± 42.5 months in 9 dogs and 4 cats. Ten cases out of 13 had no lameness at the 2-month follow-up, and 11/13 cases had no long-term lameness. Eleven cases out of 13 had no PL at the 2-month follow-up. No long-term PL was reported by owners. Complications were mild in 5 cases, moderate in 1, severe in 3. Functional outcome was full in 10 cases and acceptable in 3.

Conclusion Soft tissue techniques and FPS were effective in the surgical treatment of traumatic PL in dogs and cats, resulting in acceptable to full long-term function in all cases, with limited severe complications.
Identifying the tipping points of recovering ecological systems
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: September 2024

Past extreme environmental events determine which future events will cause a bistable population to tip from one state to another.
Visible/near-infrared luminescence and concentration effects of Pr3+-doped Sr2Al2GeO7 downconversion phosphors
Authors: Shen Tiantian , Zhao Shanshan , Su An , Liu Haisheng , Chen Fayi , Li Benchun , Han Xinxin , Yu Dechao , Zhang Dawei
Published: September 2024

The Pr3+ ion has been widely doped into various materials as a red and near-infrared (NIR) emitting center for applications in lighting and solar spectrum downconversion. Herein, the preparation of a new library of Pr3+-doped Sr2Al2GeO7 phosphors was proved by powder x-ray diffraction patterns and Rietveld refinements and characterized by a scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry. The Sr2Al2GeO7:Pr3+ sample strongly absorbs blue photons over 420–500 nm and yields intense visible emissions with dominant peaks around 490 nm from the Pr3+ 3P0 → 3H4 transition, as well as robust NIR emission bands over 800–1200 nm. In addition to the typical transitions of 1D2 → 3F2 at 880 nm, 1G4 → 3H4 at 1000 nm, and 1D2 → 3F3,4 at 1070 nm, the distinguishable NIR emission at 929 nm was demonstrated from the 3P0 → 1G4 transition via static and dynamic spectroscopic analysis. Most interestingly, for the 3P0 blue-excited state, a considerably elevated concentration of about 10%Pr3+ was optimal for the visible/NIR emissions, in stark contrast to the diluted optimal 1%Pr3+ for the 1D2 state. The relevant cross-relaxation from the 3P0 and 1D2 states between Pr3+ was comprehensively treated by theoretical speculations and experimental results. Such concentrated Pr3+ blue activators would significantly facilitate the blue-to-NIR downconversion through a desired two-step sequential transition from the 3P0 initial state to the 1G4 intermediate level for quantum efficiency exceeding unity. The current results would consolidate the basis of concentrated Pr3+ donors to promote the novel Pr3+/Yb3+ codoping downconversion for greatly increasing Si solar cell efficiency.
Inflammation-oriented montmorillonite adjuvant enhanced oral delivery of anti-TNF-α nanobody against inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Huang Baolian , Yin Te , Fu Shuilian , Liu Lina , Yang Chen , Zhou Lulu , Liu Xing , Zhuang Hongqin , Cao Zhiting , Hua Zichun
Published: September 2024

Oral delivery of proteins faces challenges due to the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including gastric acid and intestinal enzyme degradation. Permeation enhancers are limited in their ability to deliver proteins with high molecular weight and can potentially cause toxicity by opening tight junctions. To overcome these challenges, we propose the use of montmorillonite (MMT) as an adjuvant that possesses both inflammation-oriented abilities and the ability to regulate gut microbiota. This adjuvant can be used as a universal protein oral delivery technology by fusing with advantageous binding amino acid sequences. We demonstrated that anti-TNF-α nanobody (V
II
) can be intercalated into the MMT interlayer space. The carboxylate groups (–COOH) of aspartic acid (D) and glutamic acid (E) interact with the MMT surface through electrostatic interactions with sodium ions (Na
+
). The amino groups (NH
2
) of asparagine (N) and glutamine (Q) are primarily attracted to the MMT layers through hydrogen bonding with oxygen atoms on the surface. This binding mechanism protects V
II
from degradation and ensures its release in the intestinal tract, as well as retaining biological activity, leading to significantly enhanced therapeutic effects on colitis. Furthermore, V
II
@MMT increases the abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing strains, including Clostridia, Prevotellaceae, Alloprevotella, Oscillospiraceae, Clostridia_vadinBB60_group, and Ruminococcaceae, therefore enhance the production of SCFAs and butyrate, inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs) production to modulate local and systemic immune homeostasis. Overall, the MMT adjuvant provides a promising universal strategy for protein oral delivery by rational designed protein.
Economic mobility and parents’ opportunity hoarding
Authors: Silverman David M. , Hernandez Ivan A. , Schneider Marlis , Ryan Rebecca M. , Kalil Ariel , Destin Mesmin
Published: September 2024

Creating opportunities for people to achieve socioeconomic mobility is a widely shared societal goal. Paradoxically, however, achieving this goal can pose a threat to high-socioeconomic-status (SES) people as they look to maintain their privileged positions in society for both them and their children. Two studies evaluate whether this threat manifests as “opportunity hoarding” in which high-SES parents adopt attitudes and behaviors aimed at shoring up their families’ access to valuable educational and economic resources. The current paper provides converging evidence for this hypothesis across two studies conducted with 2,557 American parents. An initial correlational study demonstrated that believing that socioeconomic mobility is possible was associated with high-SES parents being more inclined to attempt to secure valuable educational and economic resources for their children, even when doing so came at the cost of low-SES families. Specifically, high-SES parents with stronger beliefs in socioeconomic mobility exhibited decreased support for redistributive policies and viewed engaging in discrete behaviors that would unfairly advantage their children (e.g., allowing them to misrepresent their identities on school and job applications) as more acceptable relative to both low-SES parents with similar beliefs and high-SES parents who were less optimistic about socioeconomic mobility. A subsequent experimental study established these relationships causally by comparing parents’ responses to different types of socioeconomic mobility. Together, the current findings merge insights across psychology and economics to deepen understandings of the processes through which societal inequities emerge and persist, especially during times of apparently abundant opportunity.
Use of RSM desirability approach to optimize WEDM of mild steel
Authors: T Mohanraj , G Sakthivel , Pramanik A
Published: September 2024

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a non-traditional material removal process commonly used for precision machining of hard materials such as super alloys, ceramics, carbide, and composite materials. Optimization of process parameters is critical for improving machining efficiency and achieving the desired surface quality. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) systematically optimizes process parameters and investigates their impact on machining performance. WEDM control parameters such as pulse ON Time (TON) (50–60 μs), pulse OFF Time (TOFF) (25–34 μs), gap voltage (VG) (25–250 V), peak current (IP) (1–6 A), and dielectric flow rate (Df) (1–3 LPM) are optimized to reduce surface roughness (SR) and taper angle (TA) while increasing material removal rate (MRR) during the machining of Mild Steel. The optimal parameters are TON as 53 μs, TOFF as 28 μs, IP as 2.65 A, VG as 185 V, and Df as 1.5 LPM. The experimental findings are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed strategy in optimizing WEDM control parameters. The validation test was conducted under optimal conditions and the results were reported. The manufacturing industries can use RSM optimization in the manufacturing domain.
MicroMagnetic.jl: A Julia package for micromagnetic and atomistic simulations with GPU support
Authors: Wang 王 Weiwei 伟伟 , Lyu 吕 Boyao 伯尧 , Kong 孔 Lingyao 令尧 , Fangohr Hans , Du 杜 Haifeng 海峰
Published: September 2024

MicroMagnetic.jl is an open-source Julia package for micromagnetic and atomistic simulations. Using the features of the Julia programming language, MicroMagnetic.jl supports CPU and various GPU platforms, including NVIDIA, AMD, Intel, and Apple GPUs. Moreover, MicroMagnetic.jl supports Monte Carlo simulations for atomistic models and implements the nudged-elastic-band method for energy barrier computations. With built-in support for double and single precision modes and a design allowing easy extensibility to add new features, MicroMagnetic.jl provides a versatile toolset for researchers in micromagnetics and atomistic simulations.
Siegmund duality for physicists: a bridge between spatial and first-passage properties of continuous- and discrete-time stochastic processes
Authors: Guéneau Mathis , Touzo Léo
Published: September 2024

We consider a generic one-dimensional stochastic process x(t), or a random walk Xn
, which describes the position of a particle evolving inside an interval

[
a
,
b
]

, with absorbing walls located at a and b. In continuous time, x(t) is driven by some equilibrium process

θ

(
t
)

, while in discrete time, the jumps of Xn
follow a stationary process that obeys a time-reversal property. An important observable to characterize its behavior is the exit probability

E
b

(
x
,
t
)

, which is the probability for the particle to be absorbed first at the wall b, before or at time t, given its initial position x. In this paper we show that the derivation of this quantity can be tackled by studying a dual process y(t) very similar to x(t) but with hard walls at a and b. More precisely, we show that the quantity

E
b

(
x
,
t
)

for the process x(t) is equal to the probability

Φ
~

(
x
,
t

|

b
)

of finding the dual process inside the interval

[
a
,
x
]

at time t, with

y
(
0
)
=
b

. This is known as Siegmund duality in mathematics. Here we show that this duality applies to various processes that are of interest in physics, including models of active particles, diffusing diffusivity models, a large class of discrete- and continuous-time random walks, and even processes subjected to stochastic resetting. For all these cases, we provide an explicit construction of the dual process. We also give simple derivations of this identity both in the continuous and in the discrete time setting, as well as numerical tests for a large number of models of interest. Finally, we use simulations to show that the duality is also likely to hold for more complex processes, such as fractional Brownian motion.
PV power prediction based on SSA improved BP neural network
Authors: Zhou Weiping , Xiong Hongjun
Published: September 2024

With the increasing popularity of photovoltaic (PV) power generation, its power prediction has also become a research hotspot. In this paper, on the basis of previous research, a PV power prediction model based on SSA-BP is proposed. It can optimize the BP neural network prediction model by constructing the sparrow search algorithm. After simulation, the accuracy and practicability of the SSA-BP model proposed in this paper are verified.
Additional damping control for multi-terminal AC-DC hybrid system based on reachability analysis
Authors: Cao Xinji , Deng Wei , Yang Yanhong , Chen Sheng , Zhang Binwen , Lu Yudong , Ke Haishan , Pei Wei
Published: September 2024

The application proportion of multi-terminal AC-DC hybrid power distribution systems is constantly increasing. In order to describe the operation status and trajectory of the system and judge whether the system can maintain stable and safe operation, in this paper, the differential algebraic equation is firstly established by mathematical and physical methods for a typical multi-terminal AC-DC hybrid power distribution system. Then, the reachable set in the operation process is analyzed according to the reachability analysis calculation method to judge the stable operation status. An additional damping control method is proposed, which can effectively restrain the negative impedance characteristics of the DC micro-grid and improve the operation stability of the system. Finally, the improvement performance of the control method is verified by combining the reachability analysis results.
Research on secondary power allocation strategy of two types of energy storage units considering dual SOC
Authors: Li Ao , Chen Qigong , Wei Junqiu
Published: September 2024

Against the problem of power fluctuation in the photovoltaic microgrid system, the power fluctuation can be smoothed out by hybrid energy storage technology. Still, the limited capacity of two energy storage units will cause safety problems, such as overcharging and over-discharging in two types of energy storage units and reduce the life of the energy storage device. Therefore, a secondary power distribution control strategy for two types of energy storage units considering dual SOC is proposed. Firstly, the system unbalanced power is calculated. The system unbalanced power is divided through the second-order low-pass filter to obtain the primary distribution power. Then, the SOC of the battery and supercapacitor is divided into nine regions. Finally, the power demand and the SOC in the nine regions are considered simultaneously. Then, the secondary power allocation is carried out for two types of energy storage units. In Matlab/Simulink, the modeling of Photovoltaic microgrids is established, and the simulation results verify the feasibility of the control strategy.
Performance study of CPV/T systems with different tracking methods
Authors: Zhu Chao , Chen Ziyu , Quan Chen , Dong Le , Feng Haoliang
Published: September 2024

This article built the model of concentrated photovoltaic and thermal (CPV/T) systems under the double-axis tracking mode in the east, west, south, and north directions, as well as the single-axis tracking mode in the north and south directions. According to this model, the function of the CPV/T system could be researched. The article established 3D models of large-scale CPV/T systems in different tracking modes and used this model to study the occlusion problem of CPV/T systems. Taking into account cosine loss, edge loss, and occlusion, this paper established energy reception models for different trace modes of the CPV/T system. The energy reception model calculated that the annual energy reception rate of the CPV/T system in the single-axis tracking mode was not a patch on the double-axis tracking CPV/T system. Subsequently, a scaled CPV/T total energy mathematical model was established under these two tracking mods in the article. Combined with the non-steady energy model, the annual total photoelectricity and photothermal output of the CPV/T systems in the single-axis tracking mode and the double-axis tracking mode with an area of 1600 m2 in Xi’an were calculated. The photoelectricity and photothermal outputs of the double-axis tracking mode were 169216 kW·h and 856183 kW·h, respectively. The single-axis tracking node had an annual output of 126898 kW·h for photoelectricity and 637490 kW·h for photothermal.
Winners and losers in U.S. marine aquaculture under climate change
Authors: Fong C R , DeCesaro J , Clawson G , Frazier M , Halpern B S , Froehlich H E
Published: September 2024

Mariculture will be important to meeting global seafood food demand in the coming decades. Yet, the threat of climate change—such as rising ocean temperatures—on mariculture performance remains uncertain. This is particularly true at small spatial scales relevant to most producers. Additionally, mariculture is often limited by regulations that impose restrictions on production, creating potential hurdles for anticipating and adapting to climate change. We focus on mariculture performance in the United States (U.S.), where state and federal policies and exposure to climate change vary substantially and likely interact. We map a current and future mariculture performance index by combining the first high resolution downscaled (0.083°) climate outputs for U.S. waters, species-specific physiological requirements, and policy restrictions. We find high current performance that will increase under warming oceans, with spatial variation that will amplify existing regional differences. Generally, performance will increase in the north and decrease in the south. While the permitting process is not intentionally climate-forward, permitted species outperformed taxon averages, yet state policies often limit production of seaweeds and finfishes, which perform well. Thus, we sit at a critical juncture where the U.S. could capitalize on its seemingly favorable environmental conditions through re-alignment of regulations to support portfolio diversification to include climate-resilient species.
Determination of phase components of impedance in the environments over hydrocarbon accumulation
Authors: Yanushkevich Viktar , Dauhiala Dzmitry , Pitolin Uladzimir , Bobomurodov Qudrat , Urozov Mustafokul
Published: September 2024

The article presents a novel method for hydrocarbon accumulation exploration based on determining the phase components of impedance in environments over hydrocarbons. Experimental studies were conducted at the Rechitsa hydrocarbon field and Osipovichi underground gas storage. The phase characteristics of surface impedance of hydrocarbon accumulation were measured using amplitude-frequency-modulated signals. The results show that determining two components of surface impedance in this mode significantly improves the accuracy of hydrocarbon boundary determination. The developed method can be implemented at frequencies of 0.1-2 GHz, using modulation frequencies of 10-100 MHz, amplitude modulation coefficients of 0.1-1.0, and frequency modulation indices of 20-95. The findings of this research can be applied in electrical exploration for prospecting hydrocarbon accumulation.
Effect of long-term storage of cattle manure on its energy potential and biodegradability
Authors: Miroshnichenko I V , Oskina A S , Lomazov V A , Klyosov D N , Lomazov A V
Published: September 2024

In recent years in Russia, due to the complicated geopolitical situation in some border areas, biogas plants have been considered not only as waste utilization facilities, but also as reserve energy sources, which are safer than traditional - nuclear power plants. In this context, the development of an algorithm for the flexible operation of a biogas plant is particularly relevant, which gives rise to the need to study the stability of the system under the influence of different unfavourable factors. In this work, the influence of long-term storage of cattle manure on its energy potential and biodegradability is studied. The specific methane yield in the test variant with manure stored for 10 months before anaerobic fermentation was 1.41±0.55 ml/g oDM, which is 6.23 times lower than in the test variant with fresh manure; the methane content of manure after long-term storage is 9.66 times lower and the degree of decomposition of its organic matter is 2.72 times lower compared to similar indicators of manure processed without preliminary storage. However, the specific biogas yield from long-term stored manure is 1.66 times higher than the control, which indicates intensive formation of other gases. Thus, long-term storage has a negative impact on the energy potential of cattle manure; if it is necessary to process it in a biogas plant, it is advisable to combine it with more energy-intensive raw materials.
Feed distribution mechanism for family farms: dependence of the amount of feed on the width and height of the exhaust chamber
Authors: Khudaynazarov D , Karshiev F , Khudoykulov N , Rayimkulov O , Murodov B , Sangirov A , Turdibekov A
Published: September 2024

The article provides information on the ongoing research on the development of feed preparation and distribution equipment for livestock farms. As a result of scientific analysis, 85% of the livestock and poultry available in livestock farming belong to livestock farms with a small number of livestock, private and family farms. One of the urgent tasks is to create feed preparation and distribution facilities in these small livestock farms. Based on the above, scientific work was carried out to develop a feed distribution device for small livestock farms intended for feeding 20-30 head of cattle. The primary indicators of the feed distribution device’s technical qualities were established, and its technological scheme was developed, based on the results of the research that was done and the needs of the farms. The impact of feed spreader discharge window width and height on feed distribution quality was studied in preliminary research.
Twisting systems and some quantum ℙ³s with point scheme a rank-2 quadric
Authors: Tran Hung , Vancliff Michaela
Published: September 2024

In 1996, J. J. Zhang introduced the concept of twisting a graded algebra by a twisting system, which generalizes the concept of twisting a graded algebra by an automorphism (the latter concept having been introduced in an article by M. Artin, J. Tate and M. Van den Bergh in 1991). Zhang proved that twisting using a twisting system is an equivalence relation and that certain important algebraic properties are invariant under twisting. We call a twisting system nontrivial if it is not given by an automorphism. However, there are very few examples of nontrivial twisting systems in the literature.

In 1997, the second author and K. Van Rompay and, in 1999, B. Shelton and the second author were successful in finding one example each of a nontrivial twisting system. Their twisting systems were constructed on certain quadratic algebras 

A
A

(on four generators) using two invertible linear maps 

t
t

and 

τ
\tau

of

A
1

A_1

that satisfy

t
2

=

t^2 =

identity and

τ
2

∈
Aut
(
A
)

\tau ^2 \in \text {Aut}(A)

. We extend their work on twisting systems to any finitely generated quadratic algebra 

B
B

using analogous maps that satisfy

t
n

=

t^n =

identity and

τ
n

∈
Aut
(
B
)

\tau ^n \in \text {Aut}(B)

, for some

n
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.

We illustrate our new method for producing a nontrivial twisting system on a certain quadratic algebra that is a quantum 

P

3

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and whose point scheme is isomorphic to a rank-2 quadric in 

P

3

\mathbb {P}^3

. We prove that our algebra is not determined by the zero locus of its defining relations.
Under the Sea: Investigation of Telson Morphology and Cryptic Diversity within Eucopia sculpticauda, a Deep-Sea Lophogastrid from the Gulf of Mexico (Peracarida: Lophogastrida)
Authors: Isma Lys M , Golightly Charles G , Bracken-Grissom Heather D
Published: September 2024

Synopsis

The field of phylogenetics employs a variety of methods and techniques to study the evolution of life across the planet. Understanding evolutionary relationships is crucial to enriching our understanding of how genes and organisms have evolved throughout time and how they could possibly evolve in the future. Eucopia sculpticauda Faxon, 1893 is a deep-water peracarid in the order Lophogastrida Boas, 1883, which can often be found in high abundances in pelagic trawls. The species can be found along the Mariana Trench, in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, west Atlantic and east Pacific Oceans, and in the Gulf of Mexico and as deep as 7526 m. Recent collections of E. sculpticauda in the Gulf of Mexico have revealed putative cryptic diversity within the species based on both molecular and morphological evidence. Previous studies have documented two different morphotypes of the telson: the terminal part of the pleon (abdomen) and part of the tail fan. In adults, the morphotypes can be distinguished by lateral constrictions in the telson. This evidence, combined with a previous barcoding study, led to the speculation that telson morphology may be a distinguishing character useful to define cryptic diversity within E. sculpticauda. This study presents additional molecular data from the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and the large ribosomal subunit (16S), and the nuclear histone 3 gene (H3) to investigate telson morphotypes in relation to evolutionary history within this species. Molecular data identified two strongly supported clades, lending support for potential cryptic diversification within the Gulf of Mexico. Investigations into telson morphology suggest that this character may be informative, but the morphotypes were sometimes ambiguous and additional characters could not be found that discriminate clades. At present, our data suggest early evidence for cryptic diversification within Gulf of Mexico populations, but additional morphological characters and geographic sampling are needed before a new species can be described.
Antibiotic prescribing for acute uncomplicated cystitis among community pharmacists in Thailand
Authors: Laopaiboonkun Sawitree , Chuaychai Aungkana , Yommudee Kanitin , Puttasiri Polawat , Petchluan Siriporn , Thongsutt Tiwaphon
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of community pharmacists toward acute uncomplicated cystitis regarding diagnosis, referral, and conformity to guidelines of the chosen antibiotic and to identify the associated factors with the pharmacist’s knowledge.

Methods

This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire. Data was collected from 349 community pharmacies in upper southern Thailand between December 2021 and February 2022. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with an inappropriate diagnosis of acute uncomplicated cystitis. The variables with P-value < 0.2 were included in the multivariate model. The statistically significant level was set as P-value < 0.05.

Key findings

Three hundred and forty-nine pharmacists from 349 community pharmacies were included. Approximately 65% and 69% of the participants had the knowledge to identify which patients should be considered for cystitis and which patients should be considered for acute uncomplicated cystitis. Ninety eight percentage of pharmacists could select the appropriate antibiotic for uncomplicated cystitis patients. The most prescribed antibiotics were ciprofloxacin (44.7%), norfloxacin (40.7%), and ofloxacin (10.3%). Inappropriate diagnosis was significantly related to age (P = 0.016) and role in the community pharmacy (P = 0.033).

Conclusion

The majority of participants had misconceptions about the differential diagnosis between complicated and uncomplicated cystitis. These were related to the community pharmacists’ advanced age. Continuous pharmacy education should be established to advocate rational antibiotic use, especially in a country where community pharmacists are legally allowed to dispense antimicrobials without a prescription.
Variations in objectively measured sleep parameters in patients with different premature ejaculation syndromes
Authors: Wu Xu , Zhang Yuyang , Jiang Hui , Zhang Xiansheng
Published: September 2024

Background

Poor sleep quality is now a cause of sexual dysfunction.

Aim

To investigate variations in sleep quality among patients with different types of premature ejaculation (PE) and a control group.

Methods

Patients with PE were categorized into groups according to 4 types: lifelong (LPE), acquired (APE), variable (VPE), and subjective (SPE). Basic demographic information about the participants was first collected, and then clinical data were obtained.

Outcomes

Outcomes included the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function, Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, self-estimated intravaginal ejaculation latency time (minutes), and sleep monitoring parameters obtained from a wearable device (Fitbit Charge 2).

Results

A total of 215 participants were enrolled in the study, of which 136 patients with PE were distributed as follows: LPE (31.62%), APE (42.65%), VPE (10.29%), and SPE (15.44%). Subjective scales showed that patients with APE were accompanied by a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction, anxiety, and depression, as well as poorer sleep quality (assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). The results of objective sleep parameters revealed that average durations of sleep onset latency (minutes) and wake after sleep onset (minutes) in patients with APE (mean ± SD; 20.03 ± 9.14, 55 ± 23.15) were significantly higher than those with LPE (15.07 ± 5.19, 45.09 ± 20.14), VPE (13.64 ± 3.73, 38.14 ± 11.53), and SPE (14.81 ± 4.33, 42.86 ± 13.14) and the control group (12.48 ± 3.45, 37.14 ± 15.01; P < .05). The average duration of rapid eye movement (REM; minutes) in patients with APE (71.34 ± 23.18) was significantly lower than that in patients with LPE (79.67 ± 21.53), VPE (85.93 ± 6.93), and SPE (80.86 ± 13.04) and the control group (86.56 ± 11.93; P < .05). Similarly, when compared with the control group, patients with LPE had significantly longer durations of sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset and a significantly shorter duration of REM sleep.

Clinical Implications

Our study suggests that clinicians should pay attention not only to male physical assessment but also to mental health and sleep quality.

Strengths and Limitations

This study suggests that changes in sleep structure occur in patients with PE, which may provide some direction for future research. However, the cross-sectional study design does not allow us to conclude that sleep is a risk factor for PE.

Conclusion

After controlling for traditional parameters such as age, erectile dysfunction, anxiety, and depression, sleep parameters are independently associated with PE. Patients with APE and LPE show significant alterations in sleep parameters, with patients with APE having notably poorer sleep quality, whereas patients with VPE and SPE have sleep parameters similar to controls.
Evaluation of Conflicts of Financial Interest in Publications on the Consumption of High-Intensity Sweeteners and Body-Weight Changes: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Lima Rebeca Cirilo , Silva Gabriela Bioni e , Mendonça Vanessa Souza , Malhão Thainá Alves , Diogenes Maria Eduarda Leão , Huguenin Grazielle Vilas Bôas
Published: September 2024

Context

Diseases related to excessive sugar consumption have become a public health concern. However, there may be a direct association between the consumption of artificial sweeteners and changes in body weight.

Objective

The aim was to evaluate potential industry financial conflicts of interest in publications on the relationship between high-intensity sweetener consumption and changes in body weight in observational and intervention studies.

Data Sources

The systematic review used the Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and the VHL (Virtual Health Library) Regional Portal, including the LILACS databases. The PICOS strategy were used in the search strategy for intervention studies and for observational studies used the exposure factor as the criterion.

Data Extraction

Inclusion criteria were observational and intervention studies in adults, without population or health status restrictions, without restriction on the year of publication, but restricted to full articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Exclusion criteria were humans younger than 18 years, cross-sectional studies, and animal and in vitro studies.

Data Analysis

There were extracted effect estimates, odds ratios, and linear associations, quantifying the effects per unit of intake of high-intensity sweeteners. The risk of bias in the intervention studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool (RoB). The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used for observational studies (case-control and cohort).

Conclusion

Most clinical trials favor using artificial sweeteners and receive contributions from the food industry. Observational studies, for the most part, show that the use of artificial sweeteners is unfavorable. In these studies, there was no sponsorship from the food industry, only from regulatory bodies. This result suggests that studies that had the support of the food industry had their influence on their outcomes.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO registration no: CRD42016036204.
Eating for Optimization: Unraveling the Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Strategies in Endometriosis Management
Authors: Türkoğlu İnci , Sacinti Koray Gorkem , Panattoni Andrea , Namazov Ahmet , Sanlier Nazlı Tunca , Sanlier Nevin , Cela Vito
Published: September 2024

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder affecting millions of women worldwide, causing chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and infertility, and severely impacting their quality of life. Treatment primarily involves hormonal therapies and surgical excision, but high recurrence rates and the economic burden are substantial. With these challenges, significant discussion surrounds the potential role of dietary patterns in managing endometriosis, making it necessary to bridge this critical gap. This review investigates the current scientific evidence on the dietary patterns (eg, Mediterranean, vegetarian, anti-inflammatory, low-fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols [low-FODMAP], and Western-style diets) associated with endometriosis and provides a concise, yet thorough, overview on the subject. In addition, antioxidants, microbiota, and artificial intelligence (AI) and their potential roles were also evaluated as future directions. An electronic-based search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, and Web of Science. The current data on the topic indicate that a diet based on the Mediterranean and anti-inflammatory diet pattern, rich in dietary fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, plant-based protein, and vitamins and minerals, has a positive influence on endometriosis, yielding a promising improvement in patient symptoms. Preclinical investigations and clinical trials indicate that dietary antioxidants and gut microbiota modulation present potential new approaches in managing endometriosis. Also, AI may offer a promising avenue to explore how dietary components interact with endometriosis. Ultimately, considering genetic and lifestyle factors, a healthy, balanced, personalized approach to diet may offer valuable insights on the role of diet as a means of symptom improvement, facilitating the utilization of nutrition for the management of endometriosis.