bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeted depletion of uterine glandular Foxa2 induces embryonic diapause in mice
Authors: Matsuo Mitsunori , Yuan Jia , Kim Yeon Sun , Dewar Amanda , Fujita Hidetoshi , Dey Sudhansu K , Sun Xiaofei
Published: July 2022

Embryonic diapause is a reproductive strategy in which embryo development and growth is temporarily arrested within the uterus to ensure the survival of neonates and mothers during unfavorable conditions. Pregnancy is reinitiated when conditions become favorable for neonatal survival. The mechanism of how the uterus enters diapause in various species remains unclear. Mice with uterine depletion of Foxa2, a transcription factor, are infertile. In this study, we show that dormant blastocysts are recovered from these mice on day 8 of pregnancy with persistent expression of uterine Msx1, a gene critical to maintaining the uterine quiescent state, suggesting that these mice enter embryonic diapause. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) can resume implantation in these mice. Although estrogen is critical for implantation in progesterone-primed uterus, our current model reveals that FOXA2-independent estrogenic effects are detrimental to sustaining uterine quiescence. Interestingly, progesterone and anti-estrogen can prolong uterine quiescence in the absence of FOXA2. Although we find that Msx1 expression persists in the uterus deficient in Foxa2, the complex relationship of FOXA2 with Msx genes and estrogen receptors remains to be explored.
Claudin5 protects the peripheral endothelial barrier in an organ and vessel-type-specific manner
Authors: Richards Mark , Nwadozi Emmanuel , Pal Sagnik , Martinsson Pernilla , Kaakinen Mika , Gloger Marleen , Sjöberg Elin , Koltowska Katarzyna , Betsholtz Christer , Eklund Lauri , Nordling Sofia , Claesson-Welsh Lena
Published: July 2022

Dysfunctional and leaky blood vessels resulting from disruption of the endothelial cell (EC) barrier accompanies numerous diseases. The EC barrier is established through endothelial cell tight and adherens junctions. However, the expression pattern and precise contribution of different junctional proteins to the EC barrier is poorly understood. Here, we focus on organs with continuous endothelium to identify structural and functional in vivo characteristics of the EC barrier. Assembly of multiple single-cell RNAseq datasets into a single integrated database revealed the variability and commonalities of EC barrier patterning. Across tissues, Claudin5 exhibited diminishing expression along the arteriovenous axis, correlating with EC barrier integrity. Functional analysis identified tissue-specific differences in leakage properties and response to the leakage agonist histamine. Loss of Claudin5 enhanced histamine-induced leakage in an organotypic and vessel type-specific manner in an inducible, EC-specific, knock-out mouse. Mechanistically, Claudin5 loss left junction ultrastructure unaffected but altered its composition, with concomitant loss of zonula occludens-1 and upregulation of VE-Cadherin expression. These findings uncover the organ-specific organisation of the EC barrier and distinct importance of Claudin5 in different vascular beds, providing insights to modify EC barrier stability in a targeted, organ-specific manner.
Soil carbon sequestration potential in global croplands
Authors: Padarian José , Minasny Budiman , McBratney Alex , Smith Pete
Published: July 2022

Improving the amount of organic carbon in soils is an attractive alternative to partially mitigate climate change. However, the amount of carbon that can be potentially added to the soil is still being debated, and there is a lack of information on additional storage potential on global cropland. Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential is region-specific and conditioned by climate and management but most global estimates use fixed accumulation rates or time frames. In this study, we model SOC storage potential as a function of climate, land cover and soil. We used 83,416 SOC observations from global databases and developed a quantile regression neural network to quantify the SOC variation within soils with similar environmental characteristics. This allows us to identify similar areas that present higher SOC with the difference representing an additional storage potential. We estimated that the topsoils (0–30 cm) of global croplands (1,410 million hectares) hold 83 Pg C. The additional SOC storage potential in the topsoil of global croplands ranges from 29 to 65 Pg C. These values only equate to three to seven years of global emissions, potentially offsetting 35% of agriculture’s 85 Pg historical carbon debt estimate due to conversion from natural ecosystems. As SOC store is temperature-dependent, this potential is likely to reduce by 14% by 2040 due to climate change in a “business as usual” scenario. The results of this article can provide a guide to areas of focus for SOC sequestration, and highlight the environmental cost of agriculture.
Proof of Concept: ICT System PicotTo for Individual Education Support
Authors: Ogoshi Yasuhiro , Ogoshi Sakiko , Saitoh Tohru , Saitoh Yukie , Itoh Yoichi , Wakamatu Masahiro , Kanno Tomoyuki , Hongo Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

Children requiring special support are increasing in Japan. In April 2016, the government of Japan enacted a law supporting disabled people, which stipulates giving them reasonable consideration. This law mandates supporting children with special needs in all Japanese schools. Many children diagnosed with one or more developmental disabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit disorder (ADD), hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning disability (LD), often struggle in school. Children with developmental disorders require special support to help them in many aspects of life, and individual educational support is crucial. We developed a collaborative system for managing developmental disorders using ICT that can be utilized by teachers, parents, and supporters. This study demonstrated and tested this system (PicotTo). We also evaluated using the system through a case study.
Souvenir de viagem
Authors: Souza Anderson Gomes de , Barbosa José William de Queiroz , Costa Marconi Freitas da
Published: July 2022

O ato de presentear, como um fenômeno relevante do comportamento de consumo, já vem sendo estudado desde a década de 1970. Apesar disso, é evidente a necessidade de aprofundar ainda mais o entendimento sobre as reais motivações que levam as pessoas a se envolverem em tal ação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi, portanto, verificar de que modo o significado e as motivações do ato de presentear se relacionam com os atributos determinantes da decisão de compra de souvenirs para os consumidores brasileiros durante uma viagem. Para tal, aspectos tais como altruísmo, obrigação, culpa, expectativa e reciprocidade foram considerados. Os dados, coletados a partir de uma survey online em meio a uma amostra total de 654 respondentes, foram analisados por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais (MEE) a fim de testar o modelo teórico proposto. Os resultados apontaram para a existência de relação entre a motivação do viajante brasileiro para presentear e os atributos exibidos pelos souvenirs de viagem, bem como destes com o significado atribuído à situação. Por fim, constatou-se, ainda, que a motivação do viajante brasileiro para presentear é diretamente influenciada pelo significado que o ato representa para ele.
Comparison between Polyvinyl Chloride and Flexometallic Endotracheal Tube for Blind Tracheal Intubation through I-gel: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Kandi Sumati , Panigrahy Lakshmi Kanta , Mishra Jagannath , Patel Pradipta Kumar , Jena Preeti , Dash Abhilash
Published: July 2022

Introduction: I-gel is the most commonly used, secondgeneration supraglottic airway device, which plays an important role in modern anaesthesia practice as a rescue device in difficult as well as failed intubation situations and resuscitations. Now-a-days, it is gaining popularity as a conduit to facilitate endotracheal intubation. No Endotracheal Tube (ETT) is designed specifically for intubation through I-gel. The ETT used for routine tracheal intubation are standard Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) ETT and Flexometalic ETT. Aim: To compare the two different types of ETTs i.e. standard PVC ETT and Flexometatlic ETT for blind tracheal intubation through I-gel. Materials and Methods: The present study was a singleblinded, randomised clinical trial in which 120 patients were randomly allocated into two groups on the basis of the ETT used for intubation through I-gel. In Group P blind tracheal intubation was done using PVC ETT, and in Group F blind tracheal intubation was done using Flexometatlic ETT through I-gel. Time taken for successful intubation, number of successful intubations, ease of intubation, number of attempts,manoeuvers used, and complications were recorded. Results: The mean time taken for successful intubation in Group P was 22.31±3.771 sec and in Group F was 26.51±4.408 sec (p<0.05). Intubation was significantly easy (26/60 vs 13/60) with PVC ETT (p=0.011). More patients were successfully intubated with PVC ETT than Flexometalic ETT (48/60 vs 36/60; p=0.017). Conclusion: PVC ETT is a better choice for blind tracheal intubation through I-gel as compared to flexometallic ETT.
BEHAVIORAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS FOR ANTISTRESS AND NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY ON RATS
Authors: Bharti Raj Kumar Singh , Kumar Amit , Singh Munna , Tripathi Ankita , Pandey Priya
Published: July 2022

There is a number of Synthetic (allopathic) drugs which are used in the treatment of mental disorders, they are helpful but synthetic drugs also have lots of side effects with monetary problem. The Ayurveda has a long tradition of treating mental disorders. Herbal drugs are playing a significant role in the health care agendas worldwide, mostly due to the general faith that they are without any side effects, besides being contemptible and locally available. Recently there is a recovery of an interest in herbal medicines for the management of different aliments including CNS disorders. Experimental screening of ethanolic extracts of Stem & root of Amaranthus spinosus for brain disorders was done by Anti-stress activity (Swimming endurance test, Anoxia stress tolerance test and Immobilization stress test) Nootropic activity (Elevated plus maze and the Morris water maze). It was concluded that the hydro alcoholic extract of Amaranthus spinosus stem & root (200, 400 mg/kg) has anti-stress and nootropic activity in dose dependent manner.
A Venture Capital Model for Surgical Innovation at Academic Medical Centers
Authors: Scalea Joseph , Koshar Antoan , Axelrod David
Published: July 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the feasibility of a model that uses venture capital to seed innovation in academic medical centers and generate cost savings through creative solutions.
Potexviruses and Carlaviruses – Short Filamentous Viruses
Authors: Rubino Luisa
Published: July 2022

Potexviruses and carlaviruses are plant‐infecting viruses belonging to the family
Aphaflexiviridae
and
Betaflexiviridae
, respectively. Both have slightly flexuous filamentous particles measuring 470–580 × 13 nm (potexviruses), and 610–700 × 12–15 nm (carlaviruses). Virions contain 94–95% protein and 5–6% positive sense, single‐stranded ribonucleic acid
c
. 5800–7000 nucleotides (nt) (potexviruses) and 7900–9000 nt (carlaviruses) in size. Both virus types have a genome with a similar structural organisation, comprising five (potexviruses) or six (carlaviruses) open reading frames, three of which, known as the ‘triple gene block’, encode polypeptides that facilitate virus movement within the host. Natural hosts of both virus types are herbaceous (weeds, ornamentals, vegetables) rather than woody plants. Many potexviruses are agents of severe diseases, whereas a high percentage of carlaviruses induce symptomless infections. Transmission of potexviruses in nature is, by and large, by mechanical contact, whereas carlaviruses are transmitted primarily by aphids with a nonpersistent modality.

Key Concepts

Potexviruses and carlaviruses infect primarily herbaceous hosts after mechanical or vector‐driven transmission, respectively.

Particles of both genera are filamentous and slightly flexuous and accumulate in aggregates in the cytoplasm of parenchyma cells.

Demarcation of species within the genera takes into account molecular and biological criteria.

Both genera are characterised by the presence of the so‐called triple gene block that provides the support for virus movement in infected hosts.

Potexviruses and carlaviruses constitute models for virus replication, movement and encapsidation studies.

Control is based on preventive measures, such as sanitary selection, production of virus‐free seed lots and resistance through conventional breeding and genetic engineering.
Supporting Rehabilitation of Rural Patients Receiving Total Knee Arthroplasty Through Physical Activity: Perceptions of Stakeholder Groups
Authors: Hanson Heather M. , Friesen Joshua , Beaupre Lauren , Jasper Lisa , Millington Jackie , Jones C. Allyson
Published: July 2022

Objective

To identify how patients with osteoarthritis waiting for and recovering from total knee arthroplasty (TKA) conceptualized and participated in physical activity behaviors in their rural setting and to gather perceptions of health care professionals and rehabilitation decision‐makers on the feasibility of a remotely led physical activity coaching intervention.

Methods

Using a qualitative descriptive study, we collected data from three stakeholder groups: patients waiting for or recovering from TKA (interviews), health professionals delivering a physical activity intervention to patients in the recovering cohort (focus group), and rehabilitation leaders involved in decision‐making at the local or provincial level (interviews).

Results

A total of 38 individuals provided their perspectives (25 patients, five health professionals, eight decision‐makers). Patients waiting for and recovering from surgery described the attributes of their rural environment that supported and restricted their ability to participate in physical activities. Patients recovering from TKA appreciated support for goal‐setting and problem‐solving during their rehabilitation. Health care professionals and decision‐makers commented on the benefits of the program's innovative use of relatively simple technology to support remotely delivered, personalized rehabilitation in rural settings.

Conclusion

This study adds to the limited voice of and about patients living with osteoarthritis who reside in rural settings and identifies facilitators and barriers to TKA rehabilitation in this population. Our findings highlight that it is important to consider the local context and the resources available to patients as they navigate living well with osteoarthritis.
Thieno[3,4‐c][1,2,5]Thiadiazole‐Based Organic Conjugated Molecules with Visible and Near‐Infrared Dual Emissions for Luminescent Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Li Yufeng , Sun Jiangman , Chen Mingxing , Miao Shushu , Liu Ming , Ma Yongjie , Wang Guan , Gu Xinggui , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2022

Luminescence materials have gained extensive attention in anti‐counterfeiting owing to their unique superiorities. Visible‐near infrared (vis‐NIR) dual emission that combines naked‐eye visible light and concealed NIR light would provide a promising strategy for improving the covertness and secure anti‐counterfeiting effect. Here, two organic conjugated materials 4,4′‐(thieno[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐4,6 diyl)bis(N,N‐bis(4‐(aldehyde)phenyl)aniline) (TTD‐TPA‐CHO) and 4,4′‐(thieno[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐4,6 diyl)bis(N,N‐bis(phenyl)aniline) (TTD‐TPA) based on thieno[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (TT) have been developed, exhibiting vis‐NIR dual emissions by manipulating the charge transfer states. With the aid of self‐healing technique, stretchable and highly transparent TTD‐TPA‐CHO and TTD‐TPA containing self‐healing PDMS films are efficiently prepared to fabricate dual‐mode anti‐counterfeiting patterns for demonstrating the anti‐counterfeiting applications. Under UV light, the luminescent patterns in visible region can be read out by the naked eye, while the concealed information could be accessed by NIR detection devices. These results evidently suggest the important role of vis‐NIR dual emission in enhancing the stealth of encrypted information and the security level of anti‐counterfeiting. Hopefully, this work would promote the further development of vis‐NIR dual‐emission organic conjugated materials in anti‐counterfeiting techniques.
In Situ Surface‐Directed Assembly of 2D Metal Nanoplatelets for Drug‐Free Treatment of Antibiotic‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Fathi Parinaz , Roslend Ayman , Alafeef Maha , Moitra Parikshit , Dighe Ketan , Esch Mandy B. , Pan Dipanjan
Published: July 2022

The development of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains is a major global public health concern. To address this, drug‐free antibacterial approaches are needed. Copper surfaces have long been known for their antibacterial properties. In this work, a one‐step surface modification technique is used to assemble 2D copper chloride nanoplatelets directly onto copper surfaces such as copper tape, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids, electrodes, and granules. The nanoplatelets are formed using copper ions from the copper surfaces, enabling their direct assembly onto these surfaces in a one‐step process that does not require separate nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesis of the nanoplatelets is confirmed with TEM, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Antibacterial properties of the Cu nanoplatelets are demonstrated in multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, MDR Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Streptococcus mutans. Nanoplatelets lead to a marked improvement in antibacterial properties compared to the copper surfaces alone, affecting bacterial cell morphology, preventing bacterial cell division, reducing their viability, damaging bacterial DNA, and altering protein expression. This work presents a robust method to directly assemble copper nanoplatelets onto any copper surface to imbue it with improved antibacterial properties.
Controllable Inverse Photoconductance in Semiconducting Nanowire Films
Authors: Wang Rui , Wang Jin‐Long , Liu Tian , He Zhen , Wang Heng , Liu Jian‐Wei , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: July 2022

As a typical p‐type semiconductor, tellurium (Te) has been widely studied for the construction of photodetectors. However, only the positive photoconductance of Te‐based photodetectors based on the photoconductive effect has been observed in the reported literature. Herein, an unusual but interesting phenomenon, in that tellurium nanowires (NWs) behave with negative photoresponse to positive photoresponse under enlarged optical intensities from the UV to VIS–IR region is reported. According to the experiments and simulations, adsorbed oxygen on the surface of Te NWs plays a significant role in the abnormal photoresponse. The inverse photoconductance can be attributed to the competition between the photoconductive effect and the oxygen desorption effect. Moreover, the influence of the size and layers of Te NWs is also discussed. This inverse photoconductance phenomenon is further explored by introducing the Te–Au heterojunction system. Hot‐electron injection at the Te–Au heterojunction interface induces a more obvious tendency to behave with a negative photoresponse. These findings will be beneficial for potential applications of Te‐NW‐based photodetectors.
A composite menstrual cycle of captive orangutans, with associated hormonal and behavioral variability
Authors: Durgavich Lara S. , Harwell Faye S. , Knott Cheryl D.
Published: July 2022

Knowledge of species‐typical reproductive endocrinology profiles is crucial for testing hypotheses pertaining to the evolutionary history, reproductive parameters, and life history of a species, and for managing the well‐being of individual animals in human care. Large‐scale empirical measurements of ovarian hormones, however, are rare for most primate species, including orangutans. In this study, we used enzyme immunoassays (EIA) to quantify estrogen (estrone conjugates; E1C) and progesterone (pregnanediol‐3‐glucuronide; PdG) levels for 98 cycles in 7 cycling zoo‐housed female orangutans (10–43 years old). We use a subset of these cycles (N = 44) to create the first composite menstrual cycle for orangutans, which serves as a valuable baseline for future comparative analyses and veterinary considerations. Similar to previous studies, we determined the mean ovarian cycle length of orangutans to be 29.7 days (N = 98 cycles), although we illustrate evidence of both intra‐ and interindividual variation in ovarian steroid production. Given that this study took place in captivity, we consider how energetic and psychosocial aspects of the zoo environment, such as greater food availability and potential stress, may affect the reproductive physiology and sexual behavior of these females. Furthermore, we discuss the role that age and genetic background may play in producing variability. Finally, we test whether ovarian hormone levels correlate with the reproductive behaviors of these female orangutans using associated behavioral data. Our results suggest that matings are more common during the periovulatory period than outside of it, but do not support a consistent link between hormonal indices of fecundability and mating behaviors in these individuals.
Multi‐objective optimization for cost‐efficient and resilient machining under tool wear
Authors: Wilson James P. , Shen Zongyuan , Awasthi Utsav , Bollas George M. , Gupta Shalabh
Published: July 2022

With the onset and rapid growth of smart manufacturing, there is a constant increase in the demand for automation technologies to enhance productivity while providing uninterrupted, cost‐efficient, and resilient machining. Traditional manufacturing systems, however, suffer from several losses due to machine faults and degradation. Specifically, tool wear directly impacts the precision and quality of the milled parts, which causes an increase in the scrap production. Hence, more attempts are required to meet the desired quota of successful parts, which in turn results in wasted material, longer delays, further tool degradation, and higher energy, machining, and labor costs. As such, this paper develops a multi‐objective optimization framework to generate the optimal control set points (e.g., feed rate and width of cut) that minimize the total cost of machining operations resulting from multiple contradictory cost functions (e.g., material, energy, tardiness, machining, labor, and tool) in the presence of tool wear. Notably, we estimate the total expected cost in dollars, which provides automatic and intuitive weighting in this multi‐objective formulation. The optimization framework is tested on a high‐fidelity face milling model that has been validated on real data from industry. Results show significant dollar savings of up to as compared to the default control scheme.
Mechanochemically Generated Calcium‐Based Heavy Grignard Reagents and Their Application to Carbon–Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Gao Pan , Jiang Julong , Maeda Satoshi , Kubota Koji , Ito Hajime
Published: July 2022

In sharp contrast to the use of conventional magnesium‐based Grignard reagents (R−MgX), the application of calcium‐based heavy Grignard reagents (R−CaX) in organic synthesis remains poorly explored. This is mainly due to the lack of experimentally simple ways to access such organocalcium nucleophiles from readily available starting materials under mild conditions. Here, we show that a mechanochemical technique using ball milling allows the generation of calcium‐based heavy Grignard reagents from aryl halides and commercially available calcium metal without complicated pre‐activation processes. Notably, all experimental operations can be carried out in air. Our operationally simple protocol enables the rapid development of novel cross‐electrophile‐coupling reactions mediated by arylcalcium nucleophiles, which are rather difficult using conventional Grignard reagents. This method will allow synthetic chemists to readily access the novel and unique reactivity of organocalcium nucleophiles.
Schiff Base Mediated Dipeptide Assembly toward Nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Jia Yi , Yan Xuehai , Li Junbai
Published: July 2022

Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) is fascinating because of its dual nature. It perfectly combines the reversible nature of noncovalent bonds with the robustness of covalent bonds, effectively enhancing the stability of assemblies and meanwhile giving rise to unprecedented properties. Therefore, integration of DCC with supramolecular chemistry has emerged as a versatile and an extraordinarily useful approach in directing peptide assembly. This Minireview focuses on a recent strategy, which exploits dynamic Schiff base chemistry in combination with supramolecular chemistry, to mediate dipeptide assembly toward nanoarchitectonics. Diversified structures, new emergent properties, and their related applications are highlighted. Lastly, the opportunities and prospects in this exciting field are also introduced.
Glycaemic management in a child with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency undergoing cardiac surgery with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Yamauchi Y. , Yamada A. , Kojima T.
Published: July 2022

There is a lack of evidence regarding the optimal intra‐operative glycaemic level of patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency to prevent cerebral oedema due to protein catabolism and hyperammonemia. We describe a case of a two‐year‐old girl with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency who underwent cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. A high‐dose dextrose infusion to prevent protein catabolism was given throughout surgery, which caused uncontrollable hyperglycaemia unresponsive to high‐dose insulin administration. Factors contributing to the hyperglycaemia may have included surgical stress, steroid administration and hypothermia. During invasive surgery, anaesthetists should carefully adjust the rates of dextrose and insulin infusions, guided by close monitoring of blood ammonia, glucose and lactate.
Preparation of PP/SCF thermally conductive composites with forced‐assembled networks by multiple injection compression molding
Authors: Du Qingyuan , Guo Mengli , Zhang Hao , Liu Ying , Wu Daming , Ru Yue , Gao Dali , Chen Ning , Sun Jingyao
Published: July 2022

A multiple injection compression molding (ICM) method was proposed on the basis of injection molding and applied for the preparation of polypropylene/short carbon fiber (PP/SCF) high thermally conductive composites in this article. During each injection compression cycle, the thickness of composite sample would be reduced effectively for better SCF orientation along the flow direction. Moreover, the original loose self‐assembled SCF networks obtained from injection process can furtherly transfer into much compact ones under the effect of compression force. The performance differences among SCF/PP composites prepared with one‐time injection molding (IM), multiple IM, and multiple ICM were also investigated. The SCF/PP composite sample prepared with multiple ICM method presented superior comprehensive performance, ~100% and 28% enhancements in thermal conductivity and tensile strength compared with the one‐time IM sample. We believe the multiple ICM method can provide a new idea for industrial production of functional polymer composites, especially for thermoplastic polymer composite.
Synovial Inflammatory Pathways Characterize Anti‐TNF–Responsive Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Wang Jing , Conlon Donna , Rivellese Felice , Nerviani Alessandra , Lewis Myles J. , Housley William , Levesque Marc C. , Cao Xiaohong , Cuff Carolyn , Long Andrew , Pitzalis Costantino , Ruzek Melanie C.
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study was undertaken to understand the mechanistic basis of response to anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapies and to determine whether transcriptomic changes in the synovium are reflected in peripheral protein markers.

Methods

Synovial tissue from 46 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients was profiled with RNA sequencing before and 12 weeks after treatment with anti‐TNF therapies. Pathway and gene signature analyses were performed on RNA expression profiles of synovial biopsies to identify mechanisms that could discriminate among patients with a good response, a moderate response, or no response, according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/EULAR response criteria. Serum proteins encoded by synovial genes that were differentially expressed between ACR/EULAR response groups were measured in the same patients.

Results

Gene signatures predicted which patients would have good responses, and pathway analysis identified elevated immune pathways, including chemokine signaling, Th1/Th2 cell differentiation, and Toll‐like receptor signaling, uniquely in good responders. These inflammatory pathways were correspondingly down‐modulated by anti‐TNF therapy only in good responders. Based on cell signature analysis, lymphocyte, myeloid, and fibroblast cell populations were elevated in good responders relative to nonresponders, consistent with the increased inflammatory pathways. Cell signatures that decreased following anti‐TNF treatment were predominately associated with lymphocytes, and fewer were associated with myeloid and fibroblast populations. Following anti‐TNF treatment, and only in good responders, several peripheral inflammatory proteins decreased in a manner that was consistent with corresponding synovial gene changes.

Conclusion

Collectively, these data suggest that RA patients with robust responses to anti‐TNF therapies are characterized at baseline by immune pathway activation, which decreases following anti‐TNF treatment. Understanding mechanisms that define patient responsiveness to anti‐TNF treatment may assist in development of predictive markers of patient response and earlier treatment options.

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Mechanofluorochromism of 2‐Biarylyl Cinchoninic Acids with High Sensitivity and Large Mechanochromic Shift
Authors: Wang Yedong , Wu Yixin , Liu Chang , Zhang Jingli , Yan Xiaoyu
Published: July 2022

In recent years, organic mechanofluorochromism (MFC) materials have attracted wide attention in many fields. However, the exploration of MFC materials with high‐contrast, high‐sensitivity and high‐responsiveness remains a challenge. Herein, a series of MFC materials with 2‐biarylyl cinchoninic acid skeleton were successfully established, which are based on interconversion of classical/frustrated Brønsted pairs. These compounds have the mechanochromic shift of up to 115 nm, as well as the property of stunning sensitivity and multiple responses to external mechanical force stimuli. The luminescence properties can be easily tuned by changing the substituents.
Comment on S. Ahmed, H. Wang, and Y. Tian, “Robust adaptive fractional‐order terminal sliding mode control for lower‐limb exoskeleton,” Asian J. Control, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–10 (2019)
Authors: Samaei Mohammad Hossein , Sheikh Ahmadi Soheil , Naderi Soorki Mojtaba , Amini Seyed Shoja
Published: July 2022

In this comment, it is shown that there are some non‐negligible big mistakes in the analyses and stability proof of the proposed controller in the quoted paper, which makes the main results of this paper to be incorrect. The main unavoidable mistakes in the stability analysis of the main theorem (Theorem 1) are stated and some remarks are also mentioned to fix some of them.
A separations and purification process for improving yields and meeting fuel contaminant specifications for high‐octane gasoline produced from dimethyl‐ether over a Cu/BEA catalyst
Authors: Dutta Abhijit , Ruddy Daniel A. , Nash Connor P. , Harris Kylee , Christensen Earl D. , Dupuis Daniel P. , Tan Eric C.D.
Published: July 2022

We have been developing a three‐step conversion of biomass‐derived syngas to methanol to dimethyl‐ether (DME) to non‐aromatic hydrocarbons for use as high‐octane gasoline and sustainable aviation fuel. This process produces branched alkanes from DME using a Cu/BEA catalyst and is a promising alternative to other syngas conversion processes such as Fischer–Tropsch to linear alkanes and traditional ZSM‐5 catalyzed methanol to aromatic gasoline. In this short article we describe some advances in our understanding related to separation and purification via the use of more detailed experimental speciation in an updated process model involving multiple‐phase equilibrium‐based separation steps. The primary modeled reactor outlet constituents (and wt%) are: C3 and lighter hydrocarbon gases (11.1%), C4s (54.5%), H2 (1.2%), CO2 (2.9%), water (5.0%), unreacted DME (16.5%), methanol (2.3%) and C5+ hydrocarbons (6.4%). Dimethyl‐ether (the primary reactant) and H2 recycling and reuse are important for the overall process efficiency, and the recycling of C4s is important to increase the C5+ yield via reactivation and homologation. Thus H2, C4s and DME are targeted for recycling, while methanol and water need to be removed from the product to conform with fuel specifications. Model predictions from Aspen Plus using the NRTL‐RK property method indicate a fuel composition with a C5+ content of 97.1 wt%, with the minor constituents 2.4 wt% C4s, 0.3 wt% methanol, 0.1 wt% DME, 0.03 wt% water and 0.01 wt% C3s. These ranges of minor components conform with fuel quality requirements, and the modeled product is amenable for unconstrained blending to boost gasoline octane ratings. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphorus‐doped Pt nanowires as efficient catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution and methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Wahidah Hafidatul , Hong Jong Wook
Published: July 2022

One‐dimensional nanostructures have drawn substantial attention because of their unique properties and potential applications. Furthermore, doping nonmetal elements in metal nanostructures also exhibits great potential for enhancing various electrocatalytic reactions. Doping nonmetal elements without affecting the morphology of nanostructure is difficult. Using phosphorization treatment on presynthesized Pt nanowires (NWs), we effectively synthesize phosphorus‐doped Pt NWs (Pt–P NWs). In the electrochemical hydrogen evolution and methanol oxidation reaction, the prepared Pt–P NWs demonstrated the highest catalytic activities compared with Pt NWs and commercial Pt/C. These results demonstrate that phosphorus doping effectively tuned the electronic structure of Pt NWs that enhance the intrinsic activity.
A Propylpyridinyl Triazine Salt for Dual‐Band Electrochromic Devices with Accelerated Response by Sulfonyl Group
Authors: Wang Xinchu , Zhang Lan , Shi Xinjiang , Xiao Sixuan , Xiao Debao
Published: July 2022

The chromophore 2,4,6‐tri(pyridyl‐4‐(3‐sulphonatopropyl))‐1,3,5‐triazine (TPST) was used in hydrogel electrochromic devices (ECDs). The hydrogel consists of TPST, K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6] (K3) or 1,1’‐ferrocenedimethanol (FM), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The devices showed dual‐band properties, K3‐TPST exhibiting absorption in NIR region at low voltage, while absorption of ECDs blue‐shifting at −2.8 V. ECDs changed from transparent to olive green to black with a coloration efficiency of >126.74 cm2/C at 850 nm and high cycling stability. The optical contrast of FM‐TPST ECD remains 79.3 % of the first cycle contrast after 2100 cycles. TPST can change its color from transparent to black at a high voltage of −2.2 V, with relatively short switching times (FM‐TPST, 5.3 s, and K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6]‐TPST, 3.8 s). The response was accelerated up to 5 times by introducing a sulfonyl group with comparison to our previous work. The devices using TPST with sulfonyl moiety provide a new way for the fast‐response energy‐saving smart windows.
Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin – Instandsetzung der Fassade
Authors: Einck Jürgen , Schindel Jochen
Published: July 2022

Die Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin entstand von 1965 bis 1968 nach den Plänen des Architekten Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Nach fast 50‐jähriger Nutzung musste die denkmalgeschützte Architekturikone saniert werden. Mit der Planung dieser anspruchsvollen Sanierungsmaßnahme wurde 2012 das Büro David Chipperfield Architects beauftragt. Die Bestandsfassade wies keine Möglichkeit zur Aufnahme thermischer Dehnungen auf, was in der Vergangenheit zu Zwängungen und Verwerfungen der Konstruktion und häufig zu Glasbrüchen der übergroßen Scheiben führte. Bei der fassadentechnischen Sanierungsplanung mussten die konstruktiven Restriktionen behoben werden; das Ganze denkmalgerecht, wie das Ergebnis zur Wiedereröffnung des Mies‐Baus seit April 2021 beweist.

Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin – Restoration of the facade. The „Neue Nationalgalerie“ in Berlin was built from 1965 to 1968 according to the plans of the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. After almost 50 years of use, the listed architectural icon had to be renovated. In 2012, David Chipperfield Architects was commissioned to plan this ambitious renovation project. The existing facade had no possibility of absorbing thermal expansions, which in the past led to constraints and distortions of the construction and often to glass breaks of the oversized panes. In the facade renovation planning, the structural restrictions had to be removed; the whole thing is in accordance with monument regulations, as the result for the reopening of the Mies building since April 2021 proves.
320 S Canal Street | Chicago
Authors: Wagner Alexander
Published: July 2022

Die Fassade der Lobby zeigt großformatige Verglasungen aus dreifach laminiertem TVG mit beidseitiger reflexionsdämpfender Beschichtung. Aus der Fassadenebene heraus sind die Scheiben mit 4‐fach laminierten Glasschwertern aus TVG gehalten. Die Verbindungen zwischen den Fassadenverglasungen und den Glasschwertern sind über ein stirnseitig am Glasschwert angeklebtes Aluminiumprofil und rückseitig an den Fassadengläsern angeklebten Adapterrahmen mit Toggles ausgeführt. Die Schwerter wiederum sind in ihrer schwachen Achse durch die Fassadenverglasungen gestützt, um diese gegen Biegedrillknicken zu versteifen. Die Fassade muss unterschiedliche Setzungen des Untergrundes sowie seitliche Bewegungen des oberen Anbindepunktes aufnehmen. Aufgrund der Größe der einzelnen Fassadengläser ist dies eine Herausforderung, insbesondere in Hinblick auf die Eckverglasung. Ein weiterer Punkt, welcher erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit verdient, sind die recht schlanken Portalrahmen aus Edelstahl, welche aus der Ebene heraus ebenso an den Glasschwertern angebunden sind. Diese schlanken Edelstahl Rahmen müssen das Gewicht der darüber befindlichen Fassadengläser mit einer Höhe von 9 m sicher abtragen.

320 S Canal Street | Chicago. Glass fin supported facade with huge face glass panels and anti‐reflective coating on both surfaces. For the Project 12.5 m long glass fins are set on the concrete floor at the base and supported against the steel beams at the top. The face glass is mounted as a single piece and also dead load supported at the base. The face glass is mounted onto the fins using a structural glazed aluminium channel at the back of the glass which is toggle fixed against an adapter frame bonded to the face of the fin. In reverse the fin is laterally supported by the face glass against LTB. The facade must accommodate differential settlements of the base structure as well as sway movements of the main frame. Due to the sizes of the individual panels, this becomes a challenging part. Especially considering the glass to glass corner. Another design issue are the slender Stainless Steel portal frames mounted at the face of the fin, supporting the still 9 m high face glass panels above.
Statistische Charakterisierung der Druckzonentiefe vorgespannter Gläser
Authors: Thiele Kerstin , Kraus Michael , Schneider Jens , Nielsen Jens
Published: July 2022

Infolge variierender Produktionsbedingungen erfolgt der thermische Vorspannprozess von Gläsern nicht vollständig homogen. Daraus entstehen lokale Unterschiede in den Eigenspannungen. Um die statistischen Verteilungen von charakterisierenden Größen des Eigenspannungsprofils in thermisch vorgespanntem Flachglas zu bestimmen, wurden mehr als 100 Proben mit einem Streulicht‐Polariskop (SCALP) untersucht. Die Messungen wurden an zuvor definierten Stellen in drei Richtungen an beiden Oberflächen der Probekörper durchgeführt. Dies ermöglicht die quantitative Auswertung und Kalibrierung statistischer Modelle der Druckzonentiefe sowie der Homogenität der Vorspannungsprofile.

Statistical characterization of compression zone depth in pre‐stressed glasses. Due to varying production conditions, the thermal tempering process of glass is not fully homogeneous. This results in local differences in the residual stresses. In order to determine the statistical distributions of characterizing quantities of the residual stress profile in thermally toughened flat glass, more than 100 samples were examined with a scattered light polariscope (SCALP). The samples were examined at previously defined locations from both surfaces in three directions with respect to the pre‐stress profiles. This allows the quantitative evaluation and calibration of statistical models of the compression zone depth and the homogeneity of the prestress profiles.
Innovative Fassaden – Bedeutung von Kompatibilität und Interoperabilität
Authors: Heusler Winfried , Kadija Ksenija
Published: July 2022

Der Green‐Deal setzt die europäische Bau‐ und Immobilienwirtschaft unter Handlungsdruck. Zusätzliche Komplexität werden plötzliche Störungen wie die Corona‐Pandemie erzeugen. Nicht zuletzt die digitale Transformation zwingt uns zu deutlich kürzeren Innovationszyklen. Letztendlich müssen unsere Gebäude resilient und kreislauffähig werden. Dabei sind die gebaute Umwelt, das einzelne Gebäude sowie die Fassade jeweils als komplexes System – mit Komponenten völlig unterschiedlicher Alterung und Lebensdauer – zu betrachten. Vor diesem Hintergrund spielen Beziehungen zwischen Komponenten, insbesondere die Kompatibilität und Interoperabilität, eine erfolgsentscheidende Rolle. Welche Anforderungen resultieren daraus für innovative Fassaden?

Innovative facades – importance of compatibility and interoperability. The Green Deal puts pressure on the European construction and real estate industry to act. Additional complexity will be created by sudden disruptions such as the Corona pandemic. Last but not least, the digital transformation will force us to significantly shorter innovation cycles. Ultimately, our buildings must become resilient and circular. In this context, the built environment, the individual building and the facade must each be considered as a complex system – with components of completely different ageing and lifetimes. Against this background, relationships between components, especially compatibility and interoperability, play a decisive role in success. What are the requirements for innovative facades?
Holz‐Lamellen‐Fenster (EAL) mit lastabtragender, adhäsiver Verbindung
Authors: Röper Henning , Nicklisch Felix
Published: July 2022

Für die ökologische Bewertung eines Bauwerks spielen energieeffiziente und nachhaltige Bauelemente eine entscheidende Rolle. Im Hinblick auf die Nachhaltigkeit stehen Kriterien wie Wärmeschutz, Lebensdauer sowie Wartungs‐ und Pflegeaufwand im Vordergrund. Aus diesem Grund entwickelte die EuroLam GmbH gemeinsam mit dem Institut für Baukonstruktion der TU Dresden ein innovatives Holz‐Lamellenfenster, welches durch eine lastabtragende, adhäsive Holz‐Glas‐Verbindung eine deutlich nachhaltigere Verbesserung der ökologischen Bilanzwerte aufweist und die energetischen Eigenschaften gegenüber herkömmlicher Bauweise verbessert. Das entwickelte Lamellenfenster in Ganzglasoptik ist nicht nur nachhaltig, aufgrund der Nutzung des nachwachsenden Rohstoffes Holz, es überzeugt auch bei der Klebung Glas mit Holz sowie bei der neuartigen Verbindung zwischen Aluminium und Holz.

Wooden louvre windows (EAL) with load‐bearing, adhesive connection. Energy‐efficient and sustainable construction elements play a decisive role in the ecological assessment of a building. With regard to sustainability, the focus is on criteria such as thermal insulation, service life as well as maintenance and care costs. For this reason, EuroLam GmbH, together with the Institute for Building Construction of the TU Dresden, developed an innovative wooden louvre window, which has a significantly more sustainable improvement in the ecological balance values thanks to a load‐bearing, adhesive wood‐glass connection and improves the energetic properties compared to conventional construction methods. The louvre window developed with an all‐glass look is not only sustainable due to the use of the renewable raw material wood, it is also impressive when it comes to bonding glass to wood and the innovative connection between aluminum and wood.
Dehydrocoupling Polymerization: Poly(silylether) Synthesis by Using an Iron β‐Diketiminate Catalyst
Authors: Farcaş‐Johnson Mirela A. , Kyne Sara H. , Webster Ruth L.
Published: July 2022

We describe the iron‐catalyzed polymerizations of diol and silane monomers to obtain fourteen different poly(silylether) products with number average molecular weights (Mn) up to 36.3 kDa. The polymerization reactions developed in this study are operationally simple and applicable to 1° and 2° silane monomer substrates and a range of benzylic and aliphatic diol substrates as well as one polyol example. The polymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy, DSC and TGA and, where solubility allowed,1H,13C{1H},29Si{1H} NMR spectroscopies, GPC and MALDI‐TOF were also employed. The materials obtained displayed lowTgvalues (−70.6 to 19.1 °C) and were stable upon heating up toT–5%,Ar421.6 °C. A trend inT–5%,Arwas observed whereby use of a 2° silane leads to higherT–5%,Arcompared to those obtained using a 1° silane. Reaction monitoring was undertaken by in situ gas evolution studies coupled with GPC analysis to follow the progression of chain‐length growth which confirmed a condensation polymerization‐type mechanism.
In Situ Ternary Adduct Formation of Yttrium Polyaminocarboxylates Leads to Small Molecule Capture and Activation
Authors: Tickner Ben. J. , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Duckett Simon B. , Angelovski Goran
Published: July 2022

In this work the chemistry of yttrium complexes is exploited for small molecule capture and activation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and density functional theory (DFT) studies were used to investigate the in situ formation of solution state ternary yttrium‐acetate, yttrium‐bicarbonate, and yttrium‐pyruvate adducts with a range of polyaminocarboxylate chelates. These studies reveal that [Y(DO3A)(H2O)2] (H3DO3A – 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐tricarboxylic acid) and [Y(EDTA)(H2O)q]− (H4EDTA – ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, q = 2 and 3) are able to form ternary adducts with bicarbonate and pyruvate. In the latter, unusual decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetic acid and CO2 was observed and further studied using SABRE‐hyperpolarised 13C NMR (SABRE – signal amplification by reversible exchange) to provide information about the reaction timescale and lifetime of intermediates involved in this conversion. The work presented demonstrates that yttrium complexes can capture and activate small molecules, which may lead to novel and useful applications of this metal in catalysis and medical imaging.