bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Code of Presence: Belarusian Protest Embroideries and Textile Patterns
Authors: Razor Sasha
Published: July 2022

Since the fraudulent presidential elections of 9 August 2020, the Republic of Belarus has become a battleground between the women-led democratic opposition forces and the authoritarian regime of Alexander Lukashenka. Current forms of political oppression in Belarus make open public protest dangerous. This exhibition report highlights safer ways to express dissent in a dictatorial society by grounding it in the textile arts, collective labor, and participatory practices. “The Code of Presence: Belarusian Protest Embroideries and Textile Patterns” is a permanent digital exhibition that I curated in 2022 hosted by the University of Michigan Library. The exhibition features 12 textile projects created by professional female artists from Belarus, including the works of Rufina Bazlova, Masha Maroz, Varvara Sudnik, Anna Bundeleva, Nasta Vasiuchenka, Lesia Pcholka, Vasilisa Palianina, Dasha Sazanovich, Yuliya Tsviatkova and Da(r)sha Golova. The exhibition explores how Craftivism, a global trend in contemporary art associated with political activism, correlates with the artists’ perceptions of the country’s textile heritage. The purpose of this report is to introduce individual artists, their voices and projects. It is grouped into three distinct, albeit overlapping, categories: 1) individual craftivist strategies in Belarusian protest embroideries; 2) collective craftivist embroidery practices; and 3) traditional textile patterns in other media. Galvanized by the protests of 2020–2021, political artists’ embroideries and ornamental graphics emerged as a protest ritual of a new kind, igniting a powerful process of cultural heritage revitalization, and documenting the events of the protests, working with such themes as feminism, female labor, memory, and trauma.
Investment Opportunities in International Markets: An Optimum Portfolio Analysis for the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Authors: Sah Shubham , Kundu Amit
Published: July 2022

The article aims to find out the opportunity for investors to reduce the risk of their portfolio by diversifying their investment in Japan’s stock market. In this regard, fifteen securities from Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) have been selected from 2016-2021. To conduct the research, a selection of the most integrated portfolio has been proposed in this paper. In terms of statistics, co-variance, correlation, expected return, risk and Sharpe ratio of these securities, across different portfolios are evaluated and the optimum one is selected, which ultimately maximizes the returns for investors and minimizes the risk of their portfolio. The results indicate that the optimum portfolio gives the highest expected return of 31.97 with taking the minimum risk of 15.61, along with the highest Sharpe ratio of 2.04. So, a rational investor should invest his money in such a portfolio to avail the benefits of global portfolio diversification.
Evolving Policy Framework of Outward FDI from India
Authors: Jain Vandana
Published: July 2022

The present paper seeks to study the evolving policy paradigm of Indian outward foreign Investment, especially from the year 2000 till the present. Indian overseas investment has gone through a multitude of overhauls since the liberalization and globalization era of the 1990s.. The study, while highlighting the changing sectoral and geographical composition of Indian OFDI from 2000-2021, underpins the pivotal role played by the Indian Government in fostering gradual but steady policy reforms for calibrating the suitable ecosystem for overseas investment by Indian MNCs. The paper’s findings suggest that developed nations are preferred over developing ones owing to the desire of acquiring strategic assets while the service sector grabs the larger share over the manufacturing sector with respect to cross-border OFDI deals from India. The research suggests further liberalization of services like communication, education and personal services to augment the contribution of the service sector in India's OFDI
Is Covid-19 a Black Swan Event? Evidence from the National Stock Exchange of India
Authors: Kulkarni Lalitagauri , Pandit Ajita
Published: July 2022

This paper examines whether Covid-19 proved to be a Black Swan event for the Indian derivatives market. The second wave of the pandemic in India affected the determinants of options pricing. However, the extant literature does not examine the impact of the pandemic on the Indian derivatives market. The international evidence is indecisive on whether Covid-19 was a Black Swan event. The present study examines the effect of the pandemic shock on the bid-ask spreads and prices of options listed on the National Stock Exchange of India. The analysis is based on the daily equity options data of Nifty index options and a sample of six equity options during 2019-20. The key finding of the study is that for the Indian options market, Covid-19 proved to be a short-term shock of limited impact on the sectoral level and hence cannot be considered a Black Swan event. This finding is consistent with Taleb’s view on the pandemic.
Does Liquidity Affect a Firm’s Profitability? A Case of Automobile Companies in India
Authors: Pujari Sudharsana Reddy , Mariyappa Muthu Gopalakrishnan
Published: July 2022

The present study aims to examine the nature and strength of the relationship between liquidity and profitability and for that, all automobile companies listed in the BSE and NSE are selected. Accounting information for calculating the liquidity and profitability ratios of the selected companies has been extracted from the Annual reports of those companies for the period 2000-01 to 2019-20. Statistical tools like correlation and multiple regression have been applied to examine the nature and direction of the relationship between liquidity and profitability variables. The results of the multiple correlation techniques evidenced that there is no uniformity in the nature, strength, and direction of the relationship between liquidity and profitability ratios, and even the results of the multiple regression techniques evidenced that there is no uniformity in the output.
Performance Analysis of IPOs: Evidence from India
Authors: Rajamadagu Shobha , M. S. Annapoorna
Published: July 2022

Initial public offering (IPO) is a method to raise finance by private companies to meet their growing requirements. IPOs have become attractive and lucrative to the investors as they are under-priced and offer a good return in the future. Therefore the present study analyses 144 IPOs offered from 2014 to 2020 on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), India. Raw returns, market-adjusted excess return (MAER), annualized returns, and wealth relative tools are used for analysis. The study supports the empirical research in the Indian context that IPOs are underpriced. Further, the raw return has increased from 18.09% to 48.83% during 12 months’ time period indicating wealth generated amongst the shareholders. The wealth relative model has been employed to ascertain the performance of IPOs against the market. The results confirm that in all the years, IPOs have outperformed the markets, and they are under-priced too.
Allowability of Contribution from the CSR Funds as Deduction Under Section 80G of the Income Tax Act 1961: A Jurisprudential Critique
Authors: Singh Prakriti
Published: July 2022

The deductibility of payments out of the CSR funds as a donation under the Indian tax law severely undermines the legislative intent of addressing the menace of tax subsidization of corporate CSR burden through the 2014 amendment, even though there is some judicial support for its deductibility. This article argues against its deductibility from two perspectives: firstly, from the point of view of the meaning and context of donation in Indian tax law and the tests laid down by the Indian Supreme Court in this regard; and secondly in terms of it being a colourable attempt at tax subsidizing.
Determination of Tax Literacy: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Sekhon Shailinder
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes a conceptual framework of tax literacy (basic, advance and functional) in the Indian economy by a systematic literature review. Basic tax literacy is based upon one’s understanding of general income tax concepts. Advanced tax literacy is associated with one’s ability to apply the tax knowledge for computing tax liabilities. Functional tax literacy is related to the self-filing of Income Tax Returns (ITRs). Thereafter, primary data was collected from taxpayers to test the proposed framework. This study has applied a tax literacy framework and determined the basic, advance and functional tax literacy level of individual tax payers. The proposed framework may assist future research in providing a structured approach for assessing tax literacy as a factor influencing tax compliance. Furthermore, the results of the study are expected to help the government in deciding the future course of action towards effective policy making for taxation.
BASIC PROTOCOL 3: Population Single Nucleotide Variant Calling v1
Authors: not provided miriam.goldman
Published: July 2022

This protocol describes the SNV module of MIDAS2, which takes as input metagenomic sequencing reads from a set of samples and generates files with SNV genotypes for each sample for all detected species. The SNV module has two steps: (1) single-sample allele tallying with the midas2 run_snps command and (2) population SNV calling with the midas2 merge_snps command. Basic Protocols 1 (Species) and 2 (MIDASDB) should be run before this protocol.
Support Protocol 1: Installing MIDAS2 v1
Authors: not provided miriam.goldman
Published: July 2022

MIDAS2 is written in Python 3 and can be executed on a 64-bit Linux system. MIDAS2 and its dependencies need to be pre-installed in order to run the commands described in the basic protocols. We recommend the conda package manager for installing these. Alternatively, users who want to ensure reproducibility by using a container with MIDAS2 and its computational environment may use Docker.
sofisticación léxica en español de hablantes de lenguas afines (criollo caboverdiano y portugués) y no afines (telugu e inglés)
Authors: Moldes Suárez María
Published: July 2022

La complejidad lingüística como fenómeno multidimensional cuantificable apenas se ha abordado en la adquisición de español como lengua extranjera (ELE), obviando, además, la afinidad lingüística como una variable clave con efectos empíricamente demostrables. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la influencia de la afinidad lingüística en el nivel de sofisticación léxica comparando la producción escrita de dos grupos de hablantes de ELE de contextos plurilingües: un grupo de 40 caboverdianos con LM (criollo caboverdiano) y L2 (portugués) afines al español, y un grupo de 40 indios con LM (telugu) y L2 (inglés) no afines al español. Metodológicamente, se emplea el Lexical Frequency Profile (LFP) de Laufer y Nation (1995), el Beyond 2000 de Laufer (1995) y el Advanced Giraud como operacionalizaciones a partir de dos listas de clasificación del vocabulario: la lista de lemas del Corpus de aprendientes de español (CAES) y la clasificación en niveles del Marco común europeo de referencia para las lenguas (MCER) a través de la herramienta CFER Checker. Los resultados muestran que la sofisticación léxica del grupo criollo es cuantitativamente superior a la del telugu independientemente de la lista y la operacionalización empleada. La prueba de Mann-Witney permite confirmar la hipótesis de influencia de la afinidad lingüística en el nivel de sofisticación mediante las operacionalizaciones realizadas a partir del MCER, siendo los resultados obtenidos a partir de la lista del CAES no significativos.
Types of Information Orientation and Information Levels Among Young and Old News Audiences
Authors: Wunderlich Leonie , Hölig Sascha
Published: July 2022

Studies on audiences’ information behavior paint a mixed picture of young and old people’s interests, their involvement with news and information, and the effects news consumption has on their learning. By adapting Giddens’s structuration approach, this study aims to assess audience behavior and its relationship with journalism by comparing the use behavior and attitudes of three age groups—adolescents, young adults, and adults—as characterized by distinct media socialization and use patterns. We identify types of information orientation—that is, a typology of behavior and attitudes towards news and information—for the examination of news audiences. Based on a representative face-to-face survey (N = 1,508) with German adolescents (14–17 years old), young adults (18–24 years old), and adults (40–53 years old), we identify four types that can be characterized by a certain pattern of news-related attitudes, the use of sources, and their relevance to opinion formation, as well as the perceived information level of participants. We examine how these types of information orientation differ between and among the three age groups and explore their relationship with audiences’ socio-political knowledge. The findings show that not all young people are necessarily less interested and engaged with news and journalism than older people. Moreover, it is a combination of interest with the use and perceived relevance of journalistic sources that is relevant for positive effects on information levels.
Uneven Trajectories and Decentralisation: Lessons From Historical Planning Processes in Saint-Étienne
Authors: Pinoncely Victoria
Published: July 2022

Once the industrial capital of France, Saint-Étienne has faced the closure of mining pits, steel plants, and textile firms in close succession, leading to population loss and social and economic challenges, and making the city an outlier in France as a large-sized shrinking city. There has generally been a lack of temporal approaches to urban shrinking processes and calls to incorporate historical institutionalism in planning research. This research will use path dependence—a conceptual framework where a critical event causes a process that is marked by reproductive logic—as a central explanatory tool to assess historical planning processes in Saint-Étienne. This article identifies a critical event—the publication of the first spatial plan for the Saint-Étienne region—and then considers temporal self-reinforcing processes, reviewing subsequent local spatial planning strategies through a culturalist theory frame. It shows that spatial strategies have not adapted over time to the reality of shrinkage; local beliefs in growth displayed path-dependent features and resulted in decentralisation and deepening socio-economic inequalities both within the metropolitan area of Saint-Étienne and with its larger neighbour, Lyon. More broadly, for metropolitan areas to be able to adapt to future changes and be resilient, it will be crucial for urban planning policy and research to consider the extent to which planning strategies can self-reinforce and to find ways to adapt these strategies in the face of global urban transformations.
Developing Polycentricity to Shape Resilient Metropolitan Structures: The Case of the Gdansk–Gdynia–Sopot Metropolitan Area
Authors: Lorens Piotr , Golędzinowska Anna
Published: July 2022

Making the metropolitan area resilient, in many cases, calls for amending its spatial structures. This may take various forms, including both reshaping the metropolitan core and redeveloping the entire regional network of cities and centres, making them part of a coherent structure. The latter strategy is associated with reinforcing secondary urban centres as well as shaping new connections between them. In this case, the term “resilience” is associated not only with environmental aspects but also with socio-economic and spatial ones. Shaping resilient metropolitan areas is therefore associated with complex planning and development undertakings, in many cases spread over decades. This approach was proven to be correct during the recent Covid-19 pandemic, which spurred this process of rethinking metropolitan structures and led to generating new approaches to metropolitan development and planning. The article focuses on the Gdansk–Gdynia–Sopot Metropolitan Area, which is potentially the largest polycentric metropolitan area on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea. In this case, polycentricity has a twofold origin—it includes centres with a shaped spatial structure that come closer together as they develop and diffuse suburban structure, the shaping of which remains one of the main challenges of the regional spatial policy. The authors look at both concepts and tools associated with reshaping this metropolitan centre. In particular, they analyse the effects of using both obligatory and optional planning tools which are available according to Polish law. They also try to answer the question of under what conditions a polycentric structure has a chance to become a resistant structure.
To the question about the study of philosophical views Ibn Sina in the Soviet period (archive publication)
Authors: Korsakov Sergey N.
Published: July 2022

The publication makes adjustments to the established historiography of the study of the philosophical views of Ibn Sina in our country. In particular, it is noted that the beginning of philosophical Oriental studies, including the analysis of the views of Ibn Sina, still dates back to the 1940s in philosophical historiography. Meanwhile, archival research allows us to move this time point a decade earlier. The section on the philosophy of Ibn Sina, discovered for the first time in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, was published, which was part of the Curriculum on the History of Russian Philosophy as covering the philosophical thought of the peoples of the USSR.
Transdisciplinary level of interdisciplinarity and its heuristic potential: philosophical and methodological analysis
Authors: Nekhamkin Valery A.
Published: July 2022

The artical considers interdisciplinarity as a phenomenon of scientific cognition from philosophical and methodological positions. One of the levels of interdisciplinarity transdisciplinary is subjected to a detailed analysis. The models that have arisen within the framework of the transdisciplinary level are studied, which are extrapolated from it into the natural sciences and humanities. The heuristic potential and limitations of these models are highlighted. The possibility of the emergence of new cognitive models at the transdisciplinary level of interdisciplinarity is stated.
Representaciones del cambio en discursos sobre reformas educativas y de resultados del Operativo Aprender del gobierno de Cambiemos
Authors: Venturini Alana Vanini
Published: July 2022

En el marco del Análisis del Discurso (Fairclough, 1992), el objetivo general de este artículo es estudiar cómo se construye discursivamente la necesidad de reforma educativa en cinco discursos producidos desde el gobierno de Cambiemos. Específicamente, nos proponemos analizar las estrategias discursivas (Menéndez, 2012) que permiten representar los cambios globales que se utilizan como justificación de estas reformas y estudiar qué metáforas (Lakoff y Johnson, 2015 [1980]) se activan para pensar tanto estos cambios, como los cambios educativos que se proponen para la escuela media. En nuestro corpus, identificamos distintas estrategias discursivas que contribuyen a representar el cambio global como incuestionable, imposible de detener y autogenerado. Asimismo, este cambio global se conceptualiza a través de una metáfora de movimiento en la cual distintos agentes abstractos “avanzan” velozmente sobre las personas. El cambio educativo también se entiende a través de este tipo de metáfora, porque se propone un movimiento de la escuela hacia ese mundo cambiante. Un tercer movimiento se asocia al aprendizaje de los estudiantes, presentado como un viaje. Por último, el cambio educativo se conceptualiza como una revolución en la que supuestamente se modifica un orden o modelo escolar viejo o actual por otro nuevo y del futuro.
Debating Post-Critical Pedagogy: A Conversation in Letters
Authors: Haupt Selma , Wortmann Kai
Published: July 2022

This contribution discusses objections to and concerns with the concept of post-critical pedagogy in general and Wortmann’s introduction to the topic in issue 9 of On Education (Wortmann, 2020) in particular. In the first section, Selma Haupt identifies three main issues as missing in post-critical pedagogy: first, the lack of a concrete notion of what counts as critical pedagogy, second the lack of criteria for what is good in education, and third the lack of connection to established research traditions within education. In the second section, Kai Wortmann responds to these issues, and in the third section, Selma Haupt reflects on her reading of post-critical thinking. While objections remain, she attempts to capture what post-critical pedagogy may mean.
A Comprehensive Review of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
Authors: Atti Varunsiri ,   Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, West Virginia University Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA, Narayanan Mahesh Anantha ,   Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, White River Health System, Batesville, AK, USA, Patel Brijesh ,   Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, West Virginia University Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA, Balla Sudarshan ,   Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, West Virginia University Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA, Siddique Aleem ,   Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, Lundgren Scott ,   Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, Velagapudi Poonam ,   Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Published: July 2022

Treatment strategies to combat cardiogenic shock (CS) have remained stagnant over the past decade. Mortality rates among patients who suffer CS after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain high at 50%. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices have evolved as novel treatment strategies to restore systemic perfusion to allow cardiac recovery in the short term, or as durable support devices in refractory heart failure in the long term. Haemodynamic parameters derived from right heart catheterization assist in the selection of an appropriate MCS device and escalation of mechanical support where needed. Evidence favouring the use of one MCS device over another is scant. An intra-aortic balloon pump is the most commonly used short-term MCS device, despite providing only modest haemodynamic support. Impella CP® has been increasingly used for CS in recent times and remains an important focus of research for patients with AMI-CS. Among durable devices, Heartmate® 3 is the most widely used in the USA. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed to compare these MCS devices and to guide the operator for their use in CS. This article provides a brief overview of the types of currently available MCS devices and the indications for their use.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Kosakata Bahasa Arab Berbasis Buku Pop Up untuk Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Haris Ahmad Affan , Maziyah Laily
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Vocabulary mastery (mufradat) is the main focus of learning Arabic at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level, this is according to KMA Number 183 of 2019. Therefore, researchers conducted research by developing a Pop Up book as a medium for learning vocabulary in class V. The purpose of this research is to produce a Pop Up book and describe its feasibility as a medium for learning vocabulary in class V of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. The researchers use the ADDIE development model as a research method, by adding a validation test of media and material experts at the development stage. This research produces a Pop Up book whose material is arranged based on the curriculum in the Al-'Ashri Arabic book. This Pop Up book that was developed received a very decent title (94 percent) from material experts and a very decent title (90 percent), from media experts. After being tested on a small scale to class V MI students and Arabic teachers, this product received a very good response with an average score of 92.8 percent from students and 96 percent from teachers.
Keywords: Pop Up book, vocabulary learning, Arabic language, ADDIE
Abstrak: Penguasaan kosakata (mufradat) merupakan fokus utama pembelajaran bahasa Arab pada jenjang Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, hal ini sesuai dengan KMA Nomor 183 Tahun 2019. Oleh karenanya, peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan mengembangkan buku Pop Up sebagai media pembelajaran kosakata di kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan buku Pop Up dan mendeskripsikan kelayakannya sebagai media pembelajaran kosakata di kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Peneliti menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE sebagai metode penelitian, dengan menambahkan uji validasi ahli media dan materi pada tahap pengembanganannya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan produk berupa buku Pop Up yang materinya disusun berdasarkan kurikulum yang ada di buku bahasa Arab Al-‘Ashri. Buku Pop Up yang dikembangkan ini mendapat predikat sangat layak (94 persen dari ahli materi dan predikat sangat layak (90 persen), dari ahli media. Setelah dilakukan uji coba dengan skala kecil kepada siswa kelas V MI dan guru bahasa Arab, produk ini mendapat respon yang sangat baik dengan skor rata-rata 92,8 persen dari siswa dan 96 persen dari guru.
Kata kunci: buku Pop Up, pembelajaran kosakata, bahasa Arab, ADDIE
Makna Sesaji pada Tradisi Baritan Desa Dermojayan Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Syafitri Whilda , Hidajat Robby , Pristiati Tutut
Published: July 2022

Abstract: This study examines a tradition called Baritan, a spiritual tradition that presents people in public spaces, so that they appear as performances. This Baritan is held every month in the Javanese calendar. One of the people who still preserve this tradition is in the Dormojayan Village, Blitar Regency. However, it is unfortunate that not many young people understand the meaning contained in the tradition, both in the form of symbols on ritual equipment and actions. Therefore, the researcher will examine and inform again about the meaning of the Baritan Tradition Offerings. The method used is descriptive qualitative by using interview data with key informants, namely Maryatim (55 years old) an elder of Dermojayan village, Semin (70 years old) ritual leader in RT02 Dermojayan Village, and other competent sources, and observations were made on ritual activities. Baritan at Bula Suro to be precise on Friday Legi or August 20, 2021, and using documents belonging to the Dermojayan Village archive. Data analysis using interpretation. The results of the research (1) are the implementation of the Baritan performance procession which shows a symbol of social ties, (2) the symbolic meaning of the Baritan performance equipment, namely as a turning point for people traveling or doing activities on the streets, so that curious spirits do not interfere.
Keywords: tradition; rituals; meaning symbolic; Baritan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang tradisi yang disebut Baritan, sebuah tradisi spiritual yang menampil­kan masyarakat di ruang publik, sehingga tampil sebagai pertunjukan. Baritan ini diselenggarakan setiap bulan suro dalam hitungan kalender Jawa.  Masyarakat yang masih melestarikan tradisi tersebut salah satunya adalah di Desa Dermojayan Kabupaten Blitar. Namun sangat disayangkan bahwa tradisi yang memiliki nilai spiritual tinggi tidak banyak generasi muda yang memahami makna yang terkandung dalam tradisi tersebut, baik dalam bentuk simbol-simbol yang ada pada perlengkapan ritual maupun tindakan-tindakan. Oleh sebab itu, maka peneliti akan mengkaji dan menginformasikan kembali tentang Makna Sesaji Tradisi Baritan. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data wawancara dengan narasumber kunci, yaitu Maryatim (55 th) sesepuh Desa Dermojayan, Semin (70 th.) pemimpin ritual di lingkungan RT 02 Desa Dermojayan, dan narasumber lain yang berkompeten, serta dilakukan observasi pada kegiatan ritual Baritan pada bulan suro tepatnya pada hari jumat legi atau tanggal 20 Agustus 2021, serta menggunakan dokumen miliki arsip Desa Dermojayan. Analisis data menggunakan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian (1) pelaksanaan prosesi pertunjukan Baritan yang menunjukan simbol ikatan sosial, (2) makna simbolik dari perlengkapan pertunjukan Baritan, yaitu sebagai tolak balak bagi orang yang berpergian atau beraktifitas di jalanan, agar roh roh yang penasaran tidak mengganggu.
Kata kunci: tradisi; ritual; makna simbolis; pertunjukan; Baritan
Şanlıurfa Koşullarında Yetişen Kültür ve Yabani Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Genotiplerinin Meyve, Yaprak ve Stoma Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: İKİNCİ Ali , AK Bekir Erol , DİKMETAŞ Birgül , HATİPOGLU Ibrahim Halil
Published: July 2022

Bu araştırma, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin kurak ve yarı-kurak ekolojik koşullarına sahip Şanlıurfa ilinde iki ayrı bahçede yetiştirilen hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) genotiplerinin meyve, yaprak ve stoma özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2021 yılında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada incelenen hünnap genotiplerinde meyve ağırlığı 2.78-20.28 g, meyve boyu 21.77-39.47 mm ve meyve eni 18.62-37.23 mm, yaprak alanı 3.11-7.01 cm2, yaprak eni 1.31-2.65 cm ve yaprak boyu ise 3.29-5.09 cm arasında belirlenmiştir. Hünnap genotiplerinde stoma sayıları 323.30 adet mm-2 (kültür hünnap)-333.31 adet mm-2 (yabani hünnap), ortalama stoma boyu ve eni değerleri ise sırasıyla 27.22 (yabani hünnap)-28.00 µm (kültür hünnap) ve 18.21 (yabani hünnap)-20.05 µm (kültür hünnap) arasında tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlara göre daha küçük yaprak alanına sahip olan yabani hünnap genotipinin stoma sayısı, stoma eni ve boyu değerlerinin istatistiksel olarak kültür hünnap genotipinden farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Bu bakımdan, birim alandaki stoma yoğunluğunun diğer türlere göre daha fazla olması nedeniyle, hünnap bitkisinin kurak ve yarı-kurak ekolojilerde ağaçlandırma çalışmalarında başarılı olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Los determinantes de la desigualdad del ingreso laboral en cuatro ciudades colombianas: Cartagena, Barranquilla, Bucaramanga y Pereira, 2001-2021. Evidencia de regresiones por cuantiles
Authors: Aleán-Romero Andrés
Published: July 2022

Using data from the Encuesta Continua de Hogares (DANE) between 2001 and 2006, and from the Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (DANE) between 2007 and 2021, for the cities of Cartagena, Barranquilla, Bucaramanga, and Pereira, quantile regressions were estimated to find and classify the determinants of labor income inequality, according to the effect of each one on the income distribution scale. The main result of the study is that education and the percentage of self-employed workers have regressive effects on the labor income distribution in the four cities, thus increasing the scale of the distribution. The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative effect on mean and median income, as well as a regressive one on labor income distribution.
Desigualdades y nuevos actores colectivos en Argentina. De piqueteros a trabajadores de la economía popular (1995-2019)
Authors: Trujillo Lucía , Tóffoli Magdalena , Retamozo Martín
Published: July 2022

This article analyzes the collective experiences related with sectors that suffered exclusions and inequalities in Argentina from 1995 to 2019. The study of the ways in which organizations resolved a series of dilemmas (of the agent and the actor) allow us to identify three phases. The first one took place from 1995 to 2004); we call it “phase of the unemployed movements”. The second one occurred between 2005 and 2011; we call it “phase of socio-political organizations”. And from 2011, the third one occurred; we call it “phase of the popular economy”. These phases show how similar social subjects can be configured as different political subjects. In addition, they contribute to understand the way in which a new actor was formed in Argentine politics.
Neoliberalismo, expansión de las desigualdades y deconstrucción de la democracia
Authors: Mansor-de Mattos Fernando Augusto , Ianoni Marcus , Mello-Cunha Paulo Roberto
Published: July 2022

In democracies, the financialization of capital accumulation has implied low economic growth and increased political, income, and wealth inequalities. At the State level, it has led to the reduction of social welfare policies. These processes feed the crisis of democratic legitimacy. Considering neoliberal capitalism’s actors and interests, the paper aims to describe and interpret the tensions among three variables: democracy, inequality, and the pattern of capitalism. The hypothesis is that democratic commitment depends, to some extent, on political and socioeconomic equality. It is stated that the significant increase in inequality in neoliberal capitalism weakens the legitimacy of democracy and, in some countries, has stimulated the emergence of authoritarian leaderships. The main empirical basis are the United States and Brazil. A qualitative methodology with process tracing was used to describe the temporal behavior of qualitative variables aiming to explore causal inferences. The quantitative data are subordinated to the qualitative analysis.
A systems approach to enhance clinical research and medicines development
Authors: Silva Honorio , Koski Greg , Whalen Matthew , Tobin Mary , Widler Beat , O. Pacino II Al , Edwards Brian
Published: July 2022

The biopharmaceutical industry has traditionally been the key link between basic biomedical discovery and novel medicines. Today, the industry faces numerous challenges including the broad agreement that the current clinical trial system is inefficient and flawed. Most challenges are worsened by the inability of the stakeholders to work collaboratively. Over the last decade, many cooperative efforts to transform clinical research have been launched, but a systemic solution has not been envisioned. A systems approach, including the application of systems engineering principles, has been used in other sectors and proposed for use in healthcare and medicines development. Clinical research, when looked at in systems terms, can be defined as an open system involving patients, investigators and associated staff, regulators, sponsors and stakeholders interconnected through a series of processes to bring effective and safe medicines into the market. ACRES is a global nonprofit organization with a mission of creating a multi-sector alliance of individuals and institutions collaborating on building a shared global system for clinical research excellence. A fundamental element of the ACRES system includes a global network of high-performing research sites interconnected through a shared information technology platform, with standardized policies and operational procedures and a robust, secure database to support performance, quality and safety. Five core initiatives address the larger mission and are currently ongoing. Deliverables will roll out over 2015–2018. Positive reception to the concept, vision and goals among critical stakeholders, and a steady influx of strategic allies willing to work collaboratively demonstrates the strong pull exerted by the vision of a global system. However, due to the undertakings’ scope and complexity, challenges remain. Recognition that effective shared collaboration is the best long-term option among stakeholders and the general public constitutes a powerful incentive for ACRES contributors and strategic allies to keep working and make it happen.
A Foreword from the Editor
Authors: Boeynaems Jean-Marie
Published: July 2022

Welcome to the 3rd issue of the Journal of Medicines Development Sciences. Like previous issues it contains articles covering the entire process of drug development from target identification to drug registration.
The Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs: 15 years of emphasizing research safety, ethics, and quality
Authors: I. Summers Elyse
Published: July 2022

This year marks the 15th anniversary of the founding of the Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs (AAHRPP), an organization that has been instrumental in strengthening protections for research participants. AAHRPP was established by seven Founding Members in response to a series of high-profile incidents that shook the foundation of the U.S. research enterprise. The Founding Members viewed voluntary accreditation as one way to strengthen research protections and restore and preserve public trust. Today, AAHRPP accreditation is widely regarded as the gold standard for research protections. To attain accreditation, organizations must demonstrate that they adhere to rigorous standards covering three domains: The Organization, The Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee, and Researcher and Research Staff. The emphasis is on system-wide policies and procedures that strengthen an organization’s commitment to participants and help ensure a more consistent, more effective approach to protecting them. Because AARHPP accreditation is considered an objective indicator of quality, the benefits to accredited organizations can be considerable. Their accreditation status sends a signal — to potential research partners, to sponsors and other funders, and to research participants — that the organization has the systems in place to conduct research in a scientifically and ethically sound manner.
The launch of the European Institute for innovation through health data
Authors: Kalra Dipak , Sundgren Mats , Claerhout Brecht , Meulien Pierre , Vannieuwenhuyse Bart , Singleton Peter , Peetso Terje , Stroetmann Veli , Wilson Petra , Baker Mary , Coorevits Pascal , O’Brien John , De Moor Georges
Published: July 2022

The European Institute for Innovation through Health Data (i~HD) has been formed as one of the sustainable entities arising from the Electronic Health Records for Clinical Research (EHR4CR) and SemanticHealthNet projects, in collaboration with other European Commission projects and initiatives. The vision of i~HD is to become the European organisation of reference for guiding and catalysing the best, most efficient and trustworthy uses of health data and interoperability, for optimizing health and knowledge discovery.
i~HD has been established in recognition that there is a need to tackle areas of challenge in the successful scaling up of innovations that rely on high-quality and interoperable health data, to sustain and propagate the results of eHealth research, and to address current-day obstacles to using health data. i~HD was launched at an inaugural conference in Paris, in March 2016. This was attended by over 200 European clinicians, healthcare providers and researchers, representatives of the pharma industry, patient associations, health professional associations, the health ICT industry and standards bodies. The event showcased issues and approaches, that are presented in this paper to highlight the activities that i~HD intends to pursue as enablers of the better uses of health data, for care and research.
Japanese initiative for education in pharmaceutical medicine and clinical research training
Authors: Kishi Akiko , Uchida Ichiro , Koide Daisuke , Imamura Kyoko
Published: July 2022

Development of new medicines has become increasingly difficult with less possibility of success in seeds-finding and ever rising operational costs. Failure to comply with ethical standards for human research protection also erodes social trust in clinical development. In order to develop competence of professionals in medicines development such as clinical investigators and drug development scientists, a variety of educational courses and training programs have been developed and executed worldwide. As Japan is no exception and shares the same concerns, significant governmental and non-governmental efforts have been made to invest in the development of academic educational courses and adherence to international standards. This article introduces examples of the adoption of technologies to realize a user-friendly and sustainable learning management as well as an adaptation of syllabuses and core curricula to meet international standards in the era of global medicines development.
Determination of Genistin Content in Flemingia philippinensis Merr. et Rolfe by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Zhang Huiying
Published: July 2022

Objective: To set up the HPLC method in determination of the genistin content in Flemingia philippinensis Merr. et Rolfe. Method: Extract and filter the crushed Flemingia philippinensis Merr. et Rolfe that has been soaked in methanol, the filtrate of which is to be taken out as the sample. Shimadzu LC-2010A is adopted in this experiment which is performed on Agilent Extend-RP column with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (19:81) as mobile phase. The flow rate is 1.0 mL/min and the UV detective wavelength is 262 nm. Result: The linear relationship is excellent with higher recovery rate within the range. This method is rapid, simple and accurate.
Methotrexate for chronic non-necrotizing anterior scleritis in Chinese patients
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China, Xiao Jun-Yan , Gao Fei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China, Zhao Chan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China, Zhang Mei-Fen ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and corticosteroid-sparing capabilities of methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of chronic non-necrotizing anterior scleritis in Chinese patients.
METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients with active anterior scleritis between January 2015 and June 2019 was conducted. All patients received 10 to 15 mg/wk MTX orally, and corticosteroids (10 to 40 mg/d prednisolone or equivalent methylprednisolone) with slow tapering. Topical corticosteroid eye drops (1% prednisolone actate, 0.1% dexmathosone or 0.1% fluoromethalone) were applied to control comorbid anterior uveitis at presentation or during follow up. The main outcomes were inflammation control and corticosteroid-sparing success, and secondary outcomes were reduction of immunosuppression load and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
RESULTS: Thirty-two eyes (22 patients) were included. The proportion of patients who achieved corticosteroid-sparing success was 50.0% at 3mo and 77.3% at 12mo [8 (36.4%) patients discontinued corticosteroid]. The proportion of eyes that achieved inflammation control was 59.4% at 3mo and 78.1% at 12mo. The immunosuppression load was 5.14±0.87 at presentation and 2.76±2.34 at 12mo (P<0.01). BCVA maintained unchanged or improved in 29 (90.6%) of all affected eyes. One patient discontinued MTX treatment because of an abnormal liver function test, and no other serious adverse effects were observed.
CONCLUSION: According to this pilot study, low dose MTX appear to be a well-tolerated and effective treatment for chronic non-necrotizing anterior scleritis patients in the Chinese population.
Ocular syphilis resurgence in an urban underserved community in the United States
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA, Tam Emily K. , Martin Diana ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA, Fridman Gabrielle ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA, Ness Steven ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA, Siegel Nicole H. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
Published: July 2022

AIM: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, demographics, and visual outcomes of patients with ocular syphilis at an urban hospital to increase awareness and assist in earlier diagnosis and treatment of the resurgent disease.
METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients with ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnosis codes correlating with syphilis or syphilis-related ocular diseases between 2010 and 2019. Variables evaluated included age, gender, race, vision, ocular findings, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and men who have sex with men status, recreational drug and alcohol use.
RESULTS: Ocular syphilis was diagnosed in 40 patients (53 eyes) of a total of 229 patients who tested positive for syphilis via serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid treponemal testing from 2010-2019. Among patients with ocular syphilis, most patients were males, aged 45 or above and Black, and had no diagnosed HIV infection. Approximately 50% patients had 20/40 vision or better. Nearly 50% had non-granulomatous anterior uveitis as their initial presentation, and 49% of patients had involvement of the posterior segment. Neovascular glaucoma (5.7%), papillitis (7.5%), vasculitis (5.7%), and retinal detachment (5.7%) were rarer presentations of the disease and were associated with a poorer visual prognosis.
CONCLUSION: Given the increased prevalence and protean manifestations of syphilis, early diagnosis and treatment are paramount. More studies on ocular syphilis are warranted to understand this resurging disease.
Economy, Pollution, Energy, Environment, Climate: From the Past to the Future
Authors: Lorenzini Enrico , Cardinale Tiziana
Published: July 2022

We do not pretend to be exhaustive on the investigated subject, not even one volume would be enough. In this paper we want to present some reflections on the energy, environmental and climatic problems of our time (in particular those less studied), starting from the knowledge of the past. The contribution provided by non-renewable energy sources to the development of our civilization is analyzed, underlining that their replacement is not feasible in a short time in order not to cause a drastic shortage of the resources necessary for a still growing world population. The difference between environmental and climatic problems and the need to deepen knowledge of the latter ones is emphasized, in order to better understand their causes, predict future developments and take preventive actions to reduce their impact on our environment and our lives. Finally, mention is made of the need to establish priorities in addressing the great problems of our time, in a global vision of human society.