bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic Analysis of Shiraz Medical Tourism Industry: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Rahimi Zarchi Mohammad Kazem , Jabbari Alireza , Hatam Nahid , Bastani Peivand , Shafaghat Tahereh , Fazelzadeh Omid
Published: December 2023

Background: The connection between healthcare and tourism industries in many countries has created one of the largest service industries, i.e. "medical tourism industry". Medical tourism services bring significant benefits to the countries. Â This study aimed to examine internal and external factors affecting Shiraz medical tourism industry as well as the potential capabilities of the industry.Materials and Methods: This applied research is a mixed method study using both qualitative and quantitative methods in 2017. The study population consisted of all organizations involved in the medical tourism industry. In this study, the deductive qualitative content analysis was employed to determine the internal and external factors affecting Shiraz medical tourism industry. Furthermore, the SWOT technique was used to analyze the data obtained from individual interviews and meetings with expert panels. Results: Internal and external factors were classified into 4 main themes (namely strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) and 10 sub-themes, of which five cases (FORMM) were related to internal factors (i.e. finance, production and products (operations), research and development, marketing and management) and five cases (STEPC) were associated with external factors including socio-cultural, technology, economy, political and competitive ones. Also, the matrix of the internal and external factors indicated an offensive zone for this industry. Conclusions: This industry can make use of the strengths and opportunities to confront the threats and negative points through identifying internal and external factors in order to enjoy benefits such as job creation and revenue gains. [GMJ.2018;7:e1021]
Effects Following Intracerebroventricular Injection of Immunosuppressant Cyclosporine A On Inhibitory Avoidance Learning and Memory in Mice
Authors: Banafshe Hamid Reza , Mohsenpour Mohsen , Ardjmand Abolfazl
Published: December 2023

Background: Protein phosphatase-2B or calcineurin (CN) is the main phosphatase and a critical regulator of cellular pathways for learning, memory, and plasticity. Cyclosporine A(CyA), a phosphatase and peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase inhibitor, is a common immune suppressant extensively used in tissue transplantation. To further clarify the role of CN in different stages of learning and memory, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of CyA in an inhibitory avoidance (IA) model in mice.

Materials and Methods: Using intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of different doses of CyA (0.5, 5, and 50 nM) at different periods (pre-/post-training and pre-test), the effect of the drug was evaluated in a step-down IA paradigm. The latency of step-down (sec) was considered a criterion for memory performance.

Results: The pre-training injections of CyA (0.5, 5 nM), however not of 50 nM, impaired IA learning acquisition. The post-training injection of high-dose CyA (50 nM) impaired memory consolidation. The pre-test ICV CyA injection did not impair memory retrieval; the ICV injection of CyA caused no change in locomotion.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that CyA selectively interferes with acquisition, retention, but not retrieval, of information processing in mice. Given the crucial role of CN in common signaling pathway of memory performance and cognition, it could be a probable therapeutic target in the treatment of a wide variety of neurological conditions involving memory. [GMJ.2018;7:e1044]
Exploring the Demographic Factors and Facilitators to Addiction Abstinence
Authors: Taghva Maryam , Shiraly Ramin , Moghimi Sarani Ebrahim
Published: December 2023

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates a remarkable increase in substance addiction. Substance abuse and addiction impose severe social, political, economic, cultural and health-related damages on societies. Little is known, however, about demographic factors and facilitators to addiction abstinence. The purpose of the current study was to explore the factors associated with opioid avoidance.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed to record socio-deÂ­mographic data and facilitating factors to abstinence in 600 interviews, according to data collecting forms, with patients who had drug abuse disorders at Shiraz city during 2016. Correlation test, T-test, and ANOVA were employed for data analysis. P<0.05 was considered as the significance level. Result: There was a significant difference between mean abstinence time and demographic factors such as age, sex, occupation and marital status. Also, 53% of people reported that they had the longest abstinence time using the narcotics anonymous (NA) method. TO 33% of patients, the most important facilitating factor in abstinence according to the patient's opinion was family support.Conclusion: Individual, social, psychosocial and medical variables affect the abstinence duration of substance abuse. Identifying the factors associated with longer abstinence can be helpful in designing prevention and treatment programs for variables that affect the recurrence.[GMJ.2018;7:e1074]
Transcultural Adaptation and Validation of Persian Version of Celiac Disease Questionnaire (CDQ); A Specific Questionnaire to Measure Quality of Life of Iranian Patients
Authors: Barzegar Farnoush , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Gholizadeh Sepideh , Malekpour Mohammad Reza , Sadeghi Amir , Rostami Kamran , Maleki Iradj , Shahbazi Shahin , Emami Mohammad Hassan , Asadzadeh-Aghdaei Hamid , Zali Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2023

Background: The assessment of health-related quality of life has become an important primary or secondary outcome measure in clinical and epidemiologic studies. The aim of this study was to validate a Persian version of Celiac Disease Questionnaire (CDQ) for Celiac disease (CD) among Iranian patients. Materials and Methods: The English version of the CDQ adapted to the Persian language by a forward-backward translation by 3 professional bilingual translators (1 medical, 2 nonmedical). The content validity of translated questionnaire were studied by 5 experts who complete the validity form regarding the questionnaire. Then in a pilot study, translated CDQ completed by 81 CD patients who referred to Taleghani Hospital, Tehran. For assessing the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbachâ€™s alpha coefficient have been done, using Lisrel and SPSS software. Results: Of 81 CD patients entered to this study with mean age of 30.54 years old, 71.6% were female. Also, 56.8% were married and 45.7% were high educated. The mean of CDQ total score was 119.18Â±34. The calculated Cronbachâ€™s alpha coefficient for CDQ questionnaire was 0.9. Also, for each subgroups the Cronbachâ€™s alpha coefficient were calculated as the following; emotion: 0.92, Social: 0.89, Worries: 0.73, Gastrointestinal: 0.78. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that all questions could be remain in questionnaire respectively. Conclusion: The reliability of the Persian version of CDQ was excellent with Cronbachâ€™s alpha coefficients and Persian version of CDQ retains the psychometric properties of the original instrument and should be useful to assess outcome in studies and clinical trials involving Iranian patients with CD. [GMJ.2018;7:e1106]Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
Role of the Zeta Method in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcomes in High Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Oligoasthenozoospermic Men
Authors: SefidgarTehrani Maryam , Amirian Malihe , Jalali Mohsen , Attaranzadeh Armin , Fazel Alireza , Ebrahimzadeh-bideskan Alireza
Published: December 2023

Background: New methods are needed to optimize intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes in oligoasthenozoospermic (OAS) men. We evaluated the level of DNA fragment index (DFI) in OAS men and its impact on ICSI outcomes. In addition, we used the zeta potential method for sperm selection to investigate the efficacy of this technique in improving ICSI outcomes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 95 couples. Sperm parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) were measured. The couples were divided into the following 3 groups: group I (n=30) where SDF was between 15% and 30%, and routine sperm was selected on the basis of motility and morphology; group II (n=34) where SDF was more than 30%, and the routine sperm selection method was applied on the basis of motility and morphology; and group III (n=31) where SDF was more than 30%, and the sperm selection was performed on the basis of the zeta method. The fertilization rate, embryo development, embryo quality, and implantation rate were evaluated in these 3 groups. Results: The fertilization rate was significantly higher in group I compared with group II (P<0.05). The embryo development rate in group I was significantly higher than that in group II (P<0.001) and group III (P<0.05), and it was significantly lower in group II compared with group III (P<0.05). The embryo quality was higher in group III compared with group II (P<0.01). The implantation rate in group I was significantly higher than that in group II (P<0.05) and group III (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study indicated that a higher level of SDF has an adverse effect on the ICSI outcome. Furthermore, the zeta potential technique can be a useful method for sperm selection in OAS men. [GMJ.2018;7:e1107]

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Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis of Group B Streptococcus by Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis in Iran
Authors: Aghazadeh Mohammad , Khodaei Farzaneh , Sadeghi Kalani Behrooz , Alizadeh Naser , Hassani Alka , Najafi Mohammad , Kalantar Enayatollah , Amini Abbas
Published: December 2023

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, is well known as a causative agent for neonatal invasive diseases; it is also a major pathogen in adults. Analytic epidemiology is required to monitor the clinical isolates of GBS. However, there is insufficient information on the genetic background of GBS in Iran, and this information is needed to guide and develop a GBS vaccine. Materials and Methods: In total, 90 well-characterized GBS isolates were collected from April 2014 to August 2015. In this study, molecular typing was used to disclose a relationship between the multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) types, serotyping, and pilus islands. The isolates were characterized by the types of capsular polysaccharides and pilus islands and were examined by MLVA to study the epidemiological relationship of isolates. Results: The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the distribution of serotypes and pilus island genes; GBS isolates were differentiated into 12 types by capsular polysaccharides and pilus islands analysis. The discriminatory power of an MLVA analysis was high based on the five most variable numbers of tandem repeat loci and 44 MLVA types that were identified. Conclusions: This study has provided useful insights into the genetic heterogeneity of GBS isolates in Tehran and Alborz, Iran. The extensive distribution of pilus islands in various serotypes and MLVA types throughout the GBS population refers to the advancement of the pilus-based GBS vaccines. [GMJ.2018;7:e1121]
Prediction of Leishmania Major Key Proteins via Topological Analysis of Protein-Protein Interaction Network
Authors: Amiri Dashatan Nasrin , Rezaie Tavirani Mostafa , Zali Hakimeh , Koushki Mehdi , Ahmadi Nayebali
Published: December 2023

Background: Although leishmaniasis is regarded as a public health problem, no effective vaccine or decisive treatment has been introduced for this disease. Therefore, representing novel therapeutic proteins is essential. Protein-protein Interaction network analysis is a suitable tool to discover novel drug targets for leishmania major. To this aim, gene and protein expression data is used for instructing protein network and the key proteins are highlighted.

Materials and Methods: In this computational and bioinformatics study, the protein/gene expression data related to leishmania major were studied, and 252 candidate proteins were extracted. Then, the protein networks of these proteins were explored and visualized by using String database and Cytoscape software. Finally, clustering and gene ontology were performed by MCODE and PANTHER databases, respectively.

Results:Â  Based on gene ontology analysis, most of the leishmania major proteins were located in cell compartments and membrane. Catalytic activity and binding were regarded as the relevant molecular functions and metabolic and cellular processes were the significant biological process. In this network analysis, UB-EP52, EF-2, chaperonin, Hsp70.4, Hsp60, tubulin alpha and beta chain, and ENOL and LACK were introduced as hub-bottleneck proteins. Based on clustering analysis, Lmjf.32.3270, ENOL and Lmjf.13.0290 were determined as seed proteins in each cluster.

Conclusion: The results indicated that hub proteins play a significant role in pathogenesis and life cycle of leishmania major. Further studies of hubs will provide a better understanding of leishmaniasis mechanisms. Finally, these key hub proteins could be a suitable and helpful potential for drug targets and treating leishmaniasis by considering their validation. [GMJ.2018;7:e1129]
Compound-Protein Interaction Analysis in Condition Following Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Zamanian Azodi Mona , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Rezaei-Tavirani Majid
Published: December 2023

Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relative to post-CA have attracted the attention of scientist to prevent damages, which threaten patients. In the present study, metabolites relevant to DEGs of post-CA condition investigated via protein-compound interaction to understand the pathological mechanisms in the human body. Materials and Methods: STITCH plug-in integrated into Cytoscape V.3.6.1 was used to detect the most significant interacting compounds relative to DEGs of pigâ€™s brain after 5 minutesâ€™ CA. The genes were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The identified elements were considered for further evaluation and validation by literature survey. Result: Findings indicate that biochemical compounds including magnesium, calcium, glucose, glycerol, hydrogen, chloride, sulfate, and estradiol interact with DEGs in the two up- and down-regulated networks. Conclusion: The compounds interacting with DEGs are suitable subjects to analysis for re-regulation of the body after CA.[GMJ.2018;7:e1380]Â  Â Â 

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The Effect of Classic Chest Physiotherapy on Postoperative Pain Scores and Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zolfaghari Mohammad , Mirhosseini ÙSeyed Jalil , Baghbeheshti Maryam , Bauer Brent A.
Published: December 2023

Background: Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is a care that increases the mobilization of several structures from both muscle and subcutaneous tissue. We planned to investigate the effect of classic CPT on pain, fatigue, satisfaction, and hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).Â Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial that conducted on 50 patients undergoing elective off-pump CABG. The patients have been randomly divided into two groups; in the group A (n=25) patients received physiotherapy at a single session of classic CPT, 4 times during 2nd to 5th days for 15 minutes in every session, in the group B (n=25) patients had not protocol of this exercise therapy (control). Results:The average age of all participants was 62.08 Â±9.08 years. Of the 50 patients, 33 (66%) was male. Classic CPT significantly decreased pain (P=0.04), hospital LOS (P=0.010) and could increase in patientsâ€™ satisfaction (P<0.001). However, it had no considerable effect on fatigue (P=0.725). Conclusion: According to our findings, classic CPT could improve postoperative care after off-pump CABG surgery. [GMJ.2018;7:e838]
Curcumin and Curcumin-Loaded Nanogel Induce Apoptosis Activity in K562 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells
Authors: Hashemi Mehrdad , Khatamsaz Sepideh
Published: December 2023

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a hematological cancer of stem cells, is caused by the activation of oncogenic factors alone or/with inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol and the main compound of turmeric, which has been used in daily diets for many years. It is also a safe drug. Nanogels and nanobiotechnology have important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and drug delivery. Materials and Methods: To prepare the nanodrug, chitosan nanogels were prepared in 1% acetic acid and cross-linked with stearate by 1- ethyl- 3 (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Subsequently, curcumin was loaded in the chitosan-stearate nanogel. Physical and morphological characteristics of the nanodrug were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Different nanodrug concentrations were prepared and evaluated on the K562 CML cell line. The apoptotic activities of curcumin and nanodrug on the cells were detected by flow cytometry, MTT assay, and trypan blue staining. Results: DLS revealed that the size of the nanodrug was 150 nm, which was confirmed by TEM. TheÂ half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of curcumin and nanodrug were 50 and 25 Î¼g/ml, respectively P < 0.05). Apoptosis of the K562 cell line occurred at 48 h post-treatment with 25 Î¼g/ml curcumin and 12.5 Î¼g/ml nanodrug. Conclusion: The increase in the cytotoxicity of curcumin and nanodrug was directly related to the drug concentration and time. The nanodrug exhibited more cytotoxic effects on the vital capacity of the cells and stimulated more apoptosis compared with curcumin alone. [GMJ.2018;7:e921]
Design, Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Dimenhydrinate Orally Disintegrating Tablets
Authors: Aslani Abolfazl , Ghasemi Alireza , Karbasizadeh Esfahani Shekofeh
Published: December 2023

Background: Design, formulation and physicochemical evaluation of dimenhydrinate 25 mg oral tablets that disintegrate in oral cavity in a proper time. This product is easy to use for babies, geriatrics and people who have difficulty in swallowing. Materials and Methods: 31 formulations were designed in 3 categories via Design-Expert software version 7. Group 1 consist of super-disintegrating bases, group 2 consist of effervescent bases and group 3 consist of super-disintegrating and effervescent bases together. Proposed by Design-Expert software, the optimum formulations were selected in each category and the tablets were produced by direct compression method. Tablets evaluated by friability, thickness, hardness, weight variation, drug content, content uniformity, disintegration time, wetting time, dissolution and moisture uptake tests. Results: The angle of repose and compressibility index of formulations were in the range of 24.65-29.08 and 5.02-9.01 % respectively. Thickness, hardness, wetting time, friability and content uniformity of formulations were in the range of 3.36-3.84 mm, 33.25-38.03 N, 19-37 seconds, 0.31-0.42 % and 96.44-99.02 % respectively. Disintegration time of the groups 1, 2 and 3 were in the range of 16-70, 47-72 and 12-35 seconds, respectively. Conclusion: Mixture of powders and orally dispersible tablets passed all tests. The results showed that formulations containing both of super-disintegrants and effervescent bases had better disintegration time compare to other formulations. [GMJ.2018;7:e936]
Effects of Olive Leaf Extract on Prevention of Molecular, Histopathological, and Enzymatic Changes in Chicken Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Damage
Authors: Vahidi-Eyrisofla Nazila , Hojati Vida , Yazdian Mohammad-Reza , Zendehdel Morteza , Shajiee Hooman
Published: December 2023

Background: Today, the use of additives such as antibiotics and growth hormones that increase production efficiency in breeding broiler chickens has become inevitable. However, the use of such additives and antibiotics associated with side effects such as liver damage. Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Studies have shown that olive leaves have an antioxidant effect on free radicals. This study was to evaluate the possible effect of olive leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver damage (molecular and tissue) and changes of enzymes in chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 chickens were used and classified into5 groups. Treatment groups received 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/kg of the olive leaf extract from day 21 of the experiment. Two control groupsï£§healthy and poisonedï£§did not receive any extract. On the day 35 of the experiment, 1cc of CCL4 was dissolved with olive oil and injected intraperitoneally into the experimental and poisoned control groups. Blood and liver tissue sampling were performed. Results: The histopathology results showed that at high doses of olive leaf extract, the cells and vessels were regularly curable, and sinusoids were healthy. The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) increased, and that of BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID)decreased. Enzymatic tests, including serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, showed a reduction in BID expression in the experimental group compared with the control group(P<0.005). Conclusion: We concluded that olive leaf extract boosts the BCL2â€”an antiapoptotic geneâ€”and reduces BIDâ€”an apoptosis geneâ€”in the liver of chicken. It prevents the liver cells from disintegrating and destroys sinusoids and liver blood vessels. The high doses of the olive leaf extract caused liver resistance to CCL4 toxicity in chicken.Â [GMJ.2019;8:e1204]Â
Restraining the Proliferation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells by Genistein through Up-regulation of B-cell Translocation Gene-3 at Transcription Level
Authors: Abedi Nejad Masoumeh , Nikbakht Mohsen , Afsa Masoomeh , Malekzadeh Kianoosh
Published: December 2023

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a highly prevalent pediatric cancer accounting for approximately 78% of leukemia cases in patients younger than 15 years old. Different studies have demonstrated that B-cell translocation gene 3 (BTG3) plays a suppressive role in the progress of different cancers. Genistein is considered a natural and biocompatible compound and a new anti-cancer agent. In this study, we evaluate the effect of genistein on BTG3 expression and proliferation of ALL cancer cells.Â MaterialsÂ and Methods: ALL cell lines (MOLT4, MOLT17, and JURKAT) were cultured in standard conditions. Cytotoxicity of genistein was detected using MTT assay. The cells were treated with different concentrations of genistein (10, 25, 40, and 55Î¼M) for 24, 48, and 72 hours, and then cell viability and growth rate were measured. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to investigate the effect of genistein on BTG3 expression.Â Results: The percentage of vital cells treated with genistein significantly decreased compared to the non-treated cells, showed an inverse relationship with an increasing genistein concentration. The present study suggests a dose of 40Î¼M for genistein as a potent anticancer effect. Genistein could elevate BTG3 for 1.7 folds in MOLT4 and JURKAT and 2.7 folds in MOLT17 cell lines at transcription level conveged with 60 to 90% reduction in the proliferation rate of cancer cells.Â Conclusion: Up-regulation of BTG3 as a tumor suppressor gene can be induced by genistein. It seems that BTG3 reactivation can be introduced as another mechanism of anti-proliferative effect of genistein and could be considered as a retardant agent candidate against hematopoietic malignancy.[GMJ.2019;8:e1229]
Preventive Effect of Different Wild Pistachio Oils on Oxidative Stress Markers, Liver Enzymes, and Histopathological Findings in a Metabolic Syndrome Model
Authors: Hejazi Najmeh , Jamshidi Sanaz , Golmakani Mohammad-Taghi , Tanideh Nader , Heidari Esfahani Mina
Published: December 2023

Background: Wild pistachio (Pistacia Atlantica mutica) species with wide distribution in Iran have different nutrition properties and may have therapeutic effects in metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome, as a prevalent health problem, is a main risk factor for different chronic diseases such as diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of mixture, kernel, and hull oil of wild pistachio (WP) on oxidative stress markers, liver function and histopathological findings in metabolic syndrome induced rats. Materials and Methods: After oil extraction by cold press method and chemical analysis, rats were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 received normal saline;Â  group 2 received 2cc fructose solution and 0.5cc normal saline; and groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 received 2 cc fructose solution and 0.5 cc sunflower oil, mixture, hull and kernel oils of WP for 10 weeks, respectively. Then, glycemic indices, oxidative stress, liver enzymes and histopathological examination were determined using standard laboratory tests. Results: WP Kernel and mixture oils notably decreased the fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance compared with the fructose group. Insulin level was significantly increased in the kernel oil group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in oxidative stress, liver enzymes and histopathology parameters among the groups. Conclusion: Kernel oil of WP improved hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and insulin secretion, but the changes in oxidative stress markers, liver enzymes and histopathologic results were not significant among the groups. [GMJ.2019;8:e1238]
Chronotropic, Inotropic and Dromotropic Parameters of the Heart and Oxidative Stress in Rats Receiving High Doses of Fructose
Authors: Dianat Mahin , Radmanesh Esmat , Atefipour Narges
Published: December 2023

Background: Many risk factors, including nutritional ones, contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Increased fructose consumption, for example, can lead to an increase in CVD risk factors, i.e. an increase in blood lipids and the development of insulin resistance.Â Materials and Methods: In the present study, Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: Â control group (free access to tap drinking water for seven weeks), and a group that received fructose 10% in drinking water for seven weeks, (n â•8 per each group). In all groups, before starting the test period and seven weeks after it, electrocardiogram was recorded by Power lab system. Unpaired t-test and two-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Also, oxidative stress parameters were measured.Â Results: In the group received high doses of fructose, a significant reduction (P <0.05) was observed in the PR interval (P<0.001) and a significant increase (P<0.05) in the QTc interval. However, there was no significant change in the RR interval and the voltage of the QRS complex. A significant decrease in catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05) and a significant increase (P<0.05) in malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase were observed in the group that received fructose in comparison with the control group at the end of the experiment. Conclusion: According to our results, the chance of arrhythmias in the rats receiving high doses of fructose was possibly due to the increased oxidative stress in the healthy rats. [GMJ.2019;8:e1250]

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Effect of Aslagh Capsule, a Traditional Compound Herbal Product on Oligomenorrhea in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Three-Arm, Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Bahman Maryam , Hajimehdipoor Homa , Bioos Soodabeh , Hashem-Dabaghian Fataneh , Afrakhteh Maryam , Tansaz Mojgan
Published: December 2023

Background: Oligomenorrhea is a common complaint in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There are some useful medicinal recommendations such as Aslagh product (include fennel fruits, carrot seeds, chaste tree fruits) in Iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of oligomenorrhea in PCOS. Hence, the present investigation was designed to compare Aslagh capsule with metformin on the oligomenorrhea.Â Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty women aged between 18-43 years with oligomenorrhea due to PCOS were randomly divided into Aslagh, metformin, and Aslagh + metformin groups. The occurrence of menstrual bleeding was considered as the primary outcome. Menstrual cyclicity, duration, and volume of the bleeding were also evaluated.Â Results: Occurrence of menstrual bleeding was 87.2% in all patients, with no significant difference between the three groups (P> 0.05). Menstrual cyclicity significantly improved from baseline in Aslagh and Aslagh+ metformin groups (P=0.02). Duration of menstrual bleeding was significantly higher in Aslagh group in the first and the second menstrual bleeding cycle compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). No significant change was observed in the volume of the bleeding after the intervention in any of the three groups. The occurrence of menstrual bleeding in Aslagh group was significantly (P=0.03) higher than the other two groups in the fourth month (drug-free period).Â Conclusion: Aslagh capsule showed beneficial effects similar to metformin in the treatment of oligomenorrhea in PCOS women and could be suggested for use as an alternative treatment in these patients. [GMJ.2019;8:e1261]
An Evidence-Based Review of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Vaginitis by Avicenna in â€œthe Canon of Medicineâ€
Authors: Tabarrai Malihe , Khalilzadeh Somayyeh , Eftekhar Tahereh , Rahimi Roja , Mehriardestani Mozhgan
Published: December 2023

Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in reproductive age. Because of the limitations of the conventional drugs, identification of new pharmacological interventions for this disease seems to be necessary. The purpose of this article is to review the medicinal herbs mentioned for the treatment of vaginitis by the great Iranian scientist, Avicenna, in his book â€œthe Canon of Medicineâ€ to scientifically demonstrate their effects and their potential to be used as complementary therapies. The medicinal plants listed for vaginitis treatment in â€œthe Canon of Medicineâ€ were extracted. The scientific name and English common name of the given medicinal plants were searched in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library until December 2017 to obtain any in vitro, animal, and clinical evidence related to vaginitis. Various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antimicrobial, antifungal, analgesic, and anti-prostaglandin E2, have been demonstrated for medicinal plants emphasized by Avicenna for vaginitis. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Myrtus reported an improvement in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Four RCTs on pomegranate indicated a reduction in inflammatory factors in the patients. Medicinal herbs offered in Herbal Medicine are valuable sources for the treatment of various diseases. Effects and pharmacodynamics having been proved by conventional medicine confirm the effectiveness of these herbs. Therefore, these plants can be used in the treatment of vaginitis thanks to further clinical studies. [GMJ.2019;8:e1270]
Chronic Skin Lesions as the Presentation of Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the HIV-Infected Woman: A Case Report and Review of Literatures
Authors: Dalfardi Behnam , Davarpanah Mohammad Ali , Dehghanian Amirreza , Akbari Ali
Published: December 2023

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most form of leishmaniasis that caused by intracellular parasites, Leishmania. Case Report: A 39-year-old woman, known case of HIV infection, presented with a 6-month history of skin lesions initially on her face, then extending onto the chest, abdomen, and extremities. Laboratory examinations revealed leukopenia and a CD4 cell count of 280 cells / mm3. A biopsy was taken from skin lesions, and histopathological studies showed aggregates of macrophages filled with numerous Leishman bodies, the diagnosis of diffuse CL was confirmed. Consequently, she received liposomal amphotericin B (total dose of 40 mg/kg) as a case of diffuse CL. The skin lesions showed significant improvement after completion of treatment. Conclusion: Diffuse CL should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all patients with diffuse skin lesions mainly in the cases that suffer from disorders of cell-mediated immunity.[GMJ.2019;8:e1294]
Gentamicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Improve Its Therapeutic Effects on Brucella-Infected J774A.1 Murine Cells
Authors: Razei Ali , Cheraghali Abdol Majid , Saadati Mojtaba , Fasihi Ramandi Mahdi , Panahi Yunes , Hajizadeh Abbas , Siadat Seyed Davar , Behrouzi Ava
Published: December 2023

Background: Final elimination of some intracellular bacterial agents, such as Brucella, is often a complex issue and impossible to achieve, primarily due to the presence and survival of the bacteria within phagocytic cells. By penetrating into the cell membrane, drug delivery nanosystems can reduce the number of intracellular bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles on the delivery of gentamicin into Brucella infected J774A.1 murine cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using ionic gelation technique. The shape, size and charge of NPs, loading rate and release of the drug were investigated. Finally, the effects of gentamicin-loaded chitosan NPs (Gen-Cs) and free gentamicin on J774A.1 murine cells infected with these bacteria were examined. Results: The mean size and charge of NPs were computed as 100 nm and +28mV, respectively. The loading capacity of NPs was 22%. About 70% of the drug was released from NPs during the first 8 hours. Antimicrobial activity of the two formulations showed that MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of the Gen-Cs and free drug was 3.1 and 6.25 Âµg, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration of the NPs-loaded drug and free drug was 6.25 and 12.5 Âµg, respectively. Cell culture analysis revealed that there was a significant reduction in the load of the intercellular bacteria in J774A.1 murine cells in both formulations. Conclusion: Our results showed the Gen-Cs have a proper potential for optimal treatment of intracellular bacterial agents. [GMJ.2019;8:e1296]Â
Breast Cancer Interaction Network Concept from Mostly Related Components
Authors: Zamanian Azodi Mona , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Bashash Davood , Ahmadi Naybali , Rostaim-Nejad Mohammad
Published: December 2023

Background: Management of breast cancer (BC) as a heterogeneous disease is very challenging. Biomarker discovery has been shown promising for this aim. Protein interaction mapping could provide further knowledge of the vital roles of these markers. Materials and Methods: Cytoscape and its plug-ins are used for network construction and evaluation. The plug-ins used in this study are STRING, Network Analyzer, GeneMANIA, and CluePedia. Results: The central proteins are enriched in transcription regulatory region DNA binding, regulatory region nucleic acid binding, regulatory region DNA binding, Fc receptor signaling pathway, cell cycle arrest, and immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion: The introduced biomarkers and their related biological processes may show useful for the breast cancer diagnosis and monitoring; however, has to encounter more validation studies to be clinically applicable. [GMJ.2019;8:e1298]

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Colonization of Mouse Spermatogonial Cells in Modified Soft Agar Culture System Utilizing Nanofibrous Scaffold: A New Approach
Authors: Talebi Ali , Sadighi Gilani Mohammad Ali , Koruji Morteza , Ai Jafar , Rezaie Mohammad Jafar , Salehi Majid , Navid Shadan , Abbasi Mehdi
Published: December 2023

Background: Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are considered in fertility management approaches of prepubertal boys facing cancer therapies. However, in vitro propagation has become an important issue due to a small number of SSCs in testicular tissue. The present study aimed to investigate a modified soft agar culture system by using a nanofibrous scaffold as a new approach to mimic in vivo conditions of SSCs development. Materials and Methods: The SSCs were isolated from neonate mouse testes, cultured on polycaprolactone scaffold, and covered by a layer of soft agar for 2 weeks. Then, the number and diameter of colonies formed in experimental groups were measured and spermatogonial markers (i.e., Plzf, GfrÎ±1, Id4, and c-Kit) in SSCs colonies were evaluated by a real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. Results: Our results indicated that the colonization rate of SSCs was significantly higher in the present modified soft agar culture system (P<0.05). Only Plzf indicated a significant increased at the levels (P<0.05), the gene expression levels of Id4, Plzf, and GfrÎ±1 were higher in the present culture system. In addition, the expression of the c-Kit gene as a differentiating spermatogonia marker was higher in presence of scaffold and soft agar compared with the amount of other experimental groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The culture system by using nanofibrous scaffold and soft agar as a new culture method suggests the potential of this approach in SSCs enrichment and differentiation strategies for male infertility treatments, as well as in vitro spermatogenesis. [GMJ.2019;8:e1319]
Reduced Levels of miRâ€“28 and miRâ€“200a Act as Predictor Biomarkers of Aggressive Clinicopathological Characteristics in Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Jeddi Farhad , Alipour Shahriar , Najafzadeh Nowruz , Dadashpour Mehdi , Pouremamali Farhad , Sadeghi Mohammad Reza , Samadi Nasser , Soozangar Narges , Khamaneh Amir Mahdi
Published: December 2023

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in different pathological processes including cancer development and progression. To find novel molecular diagnostic and prognostic markers and promising therapeutic tools for gastric cancer (GC), we aimed to investigate the relationship of the expression levels of miRâ€“28â€“5p or miRâ€“200aâ€“3p with the clinicopathological criteria and to explore their impacts on the progression of human GC. Materials and Methods: Quantitative RTâ€“PCR was performed to analyze miRâ€“28 and miRâ€“200a expression in 60 GC and 60 nonâ€“GC tissue samples. Result: Our results revealed that the expressions of miRâ€“200a and miRâ€“28 were significantly downregulated in GC in comparison with nonâ€“GC tissues. Tumors with low miRâ€“28 expression had larger tumor size, more advanced histological grade, and a higher incidence of lymph node and distal metastasis than the tumors with high miRâ€“28 expressions. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses demonstrate that the expression of miRâ€“28 is a predictive biomarker allows predicting the histological grade, tumor size, and occurrence of nodal and distal metastases. We also found a significant inverse association between miRâ€“200a expression and the rate of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.010, r = â€“0.334). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the miRâ€“28 and miRâ€“200a have tumorâ€“suppressor functions and may be considered as potential biomarkers for gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis.[GMJ.2019;8:e1329]
Effect of Cuscuta epithymum Acquainted with Risperidone on the Improvement of Clinical Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Triple-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Parvizi Maedeh , Fadai Farbod , Khodaei-Ardakani Moahammad Reza , Amin Gholamreza , Abdi Leila , Noroozi Mehdi , Ansari Iman
Published: December 2023

Background: Cuscuta epithymum (CE) is an established medicinal herb utilized for treating psychosis in Persian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CE combined with risperidone on the clinical symptoms and the cognitive impairment in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: In this triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, the intervention group received a dose of 500 mg of CE in the form of a capsule to be taken twice a day accompanied by an appropriate dose of risperidone. The control group was presented with a placebo identical to that of the CE capsule plus the allocated dose of risperidone. The PANSS and SCoRS questionnaires were used to assess the status of subjects prior to the initiation of the intervention as well as being put to use at the end of the second, fourth, and eighth week post-intervention. Registering and recording intel concerning positive and negative symptoms felt by participants (PANNS), and a test to assess the cognitive impairment of the individuals. Results: After eight weeks of treatment, all negative and positive symptoms besides hostility and somatic concern exhibited a significant improvement in the CE group (P <0.05). In contrast, the CE placebo group displayed no substantial improvement in the cases of the positive, negative and general symptoms (P>0.05) regarding cognitive impairment, after eight weeks of treatment, all symptoms were greatly improved in the CE group (P<0.05), while the effect of the placeboÂ  on the patients cognitive impairment remained mostly stationary (P>0.05). Consequently, after eight weeks after the intervention, we can determine that the CE treatment has been noticeably more effective at improving positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that CE, possessing possible antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, safely improved the positive and negative symptoms, and cognitive impairment of patients with schizophrenia.[GMJ.2019;8:e1334]Â
Daily consumption of caper fruit along with atorvastatin has synergistic effects in hyperlipidemic patients: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Esmaeili Seied Saeid , Sardari Saeed , Fallahi Faramarz , Davati Ali , Emadi Fatemeh , Gholamifesharaki Mohammad , Khavasi Narjes
Published: December 2023

Background: Dyslipidemia leads to micro- and macro-vascular complications. Atorvastatin is the main therapeutic drug used for dyslipidemia, but it causes side effects such as new type 2 diabetes mellitus onset and elevation of liver enzymes. Herbs may be useful in reducing atorvastatin doses. Caper fruit, an herbal drug in Iranian traditional medicine, has hypolipidemic effects. Hence, the effect of atorvastatin therapy with and without daily caper fruit pickle (CFP) consumption was assessed on hyperlipidemia. Materials and Methods: In this single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial, 60 hyperlipidemic patients were allocated in two groups and treated with 10â€…mg atorvastatin plus 40-50 g CFP (A10+CFP) or atorvastatin alone (A10) for eight weeks. Biochemical parameters were measured at baseline, 4, and eight weeks of the intervention. One-way repeated measure ANOVA and mixed ANOVA were used to measure the effect of the two treatments and the interaction between the type of treatment and time on lipid profile. Results: Serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly decreased in the A10+CFP group compared with the A10 group (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) from baseline up to the week 8. At week 4, mean changes of LDL-C was significantly higher in the A10+CFP compared with the A10 (P=.01). Adjusting for the baseline variables, the mean difference of alanine aminotransferase (P<0.01) and triglyceride (P=.003) were significantly higher in the A10+CFP group at the end. Conclusion: This study reports that the intake of CFP along with atorvastatin daily may have synergistic effects which improve the lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients.Â [GMJ.2019;8:e1345]
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Presenting with Dementia and Mimic a Stroke During One Year: Case Report and Review of Literatures
Authors: Farahmand Habib , Vakilian Alireza , Fekri Mohaddaseh
Published: December 2023

Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a progressive and fatal prion disease in human and its annual incidence is estimated one per million. Sporadic form of CJD is the most common form of the disease that involved 85% of cases. Case Report: We presented two cases of CJD with the different clinical presentation; a 58-year-old woman who referred with amnesia, depression and a 59-year-old woman with ataxia as her chief complaint. Based on the findings and roled-out the other differential diagnosis, the CJD was confirmed. Both of them died before 12 months after diagnosis. Conclusion: Although CJD is a rare disease with different clinical manifestation, it is considered as one the differential diagnosis of progressive dementia.[GMJ.2019;8:e1357]Â 

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Comparison of HemoFoamÂ® and Conventional Gauze Dressing on Hemostasis of Vascular Access Site in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Zarepur Rouhollah , Bizari Davood , Khoshmohabat Hadi , Salahshour Kordestani Soheila
Published: December 2023

Background: Dialysis access puncture wound bleeding after needle extraction at the end of each hemodialysis session is a very important problem. This study evaluated the effect of HemoFoamÂ® compared to conventional gauze dressing on hemostasis of dialysis access puncture wound bleeding in hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: This one-group, before-after, clinical-trial was conducted on 60 hemodialysis patients selected by convenience sampling who underwent hemodialysis through arteriovenous fistula in Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, Yazd, Iran in 2017. After reviewing the eligibility criteria, the study was performed in two separate sessions. In the first session, only HemoFoamÂ® was used while in the second session; the only conventional dressing was used. Time of hemostasis in each puncture wound was evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp, United States) using paired T-test and Chi-square tests. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.20Â±14.25 years. Hemostasis was achieved in 76.6% of cases at the arterial access site in the first two minutes in the HemoFoamÂ® group. The mean homeostasis time in the HemoFoamÂ® group was 2.86Â±1.87 min at the venous access site and 3.15Â±1.97 min at the arterial access site (P<0.001). The mean homeostasis time in the conventional dressing group was 10.54Â±6.65 min at venous access site and 12.74Â±9.28 min at the arterial access site, which was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: HemoFoamÂ® is effective in reducing the time of homeostasis in the vascular access site of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, its use in hemodialysis wards is recommended for hemostasis in the dialysis access puncture wound bleeding. [GMJ.2019;8:e1395]Â