bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Function and clinical significance of N6-methyladenosine in digestive system tumours
Authors: Huang Junchao , Shao Yingjie , Gu Wendong
Published: July 2021

RNA modification, like DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA modification and chromatin rearrangement, plays an important role in tumours. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification in cells, and it regulates RNA transcription, processing, splicing, degradation, and translation. m6A-associated proteins have been used as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumour prediction and monitoring. There are three main types of proteins involved in m6A methylation: methyltransferases (METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, RBM15, ZC3H13 and KIAA1429), demethylases (FTO, ALKBH5 and ALKBH3) and RNA-binding proteins (YTHDF1-3, YTHDC1-2, IGF2BPs and HNRNPs). This article reviews the origins, characteristics and functions of m6A and its relationship with digestive system tumours based on recent research. The expression of m6A regulators can be used as an evaluation indicator of tumour growth and progression and as a prognostic indicator. In-depth research on m6A methylation in digestive system tumours may provide new directions for clinical prediction and further treatment.
Understanding the experiences of hikikomori through the lens of the CHIME framework: connectedness, hope and optimism, identity, meaning in life, and empowerment; systematic review
Authors: Yung Jolene Y. K. , Wong Victor , Ho Grace W. K. , Molassiotis Alex
Published: July 2021

Background

Hikikomori is a phenomenon describing people who exhibit behaviors of self-secluding themselves at home for long durations of time and usually only having face-to-face social interactions with none other than family. Existing interventions for hikikomori are inconclusive and the majority are absent in using a theoretical framework to guide its components. Therefore, applicability of the psychosocial recovery framework of Connectedness, Hope and Optimism, Identity, Meaning in Life, and Empowerment (CHIME) towards hikikomori care was reviewed.

Method

Five databases were searched in April 2020 with the search formula from a published systematic review on hikikomori combined with search terms specific to domains of the CHIME framework. Articles included in the review were of the English language, of all publication years, peer-reviewed, quantitative or qualitative research studies and case studies, included study designs that were observational or interventional in nature, and involved populations of socially withdrawn youth.

Results

CHIME’s comprehensive structure and organized approach could guide researchers or service providers in determining areas needing assessments, measurement, and areas of focus. It is suggested that the CHIME framework is applicable after modifying a specific dimension—‘meaning of mental illness experiences’ into ‘meaning of the hikikomori experience’. Thematic overlap occurred between the domains of connectedness, identity, and meaning. Yet, additional dimensions or domains such as trust building, non-linearity, and spatiality can be included for addressing specific limitations in this application, which would help towards catering services to help hikikomori in recovery or in increasing quality-of-life of those individuals’ while entrapped in this withdrawn lifestyle.

Conclusion

CHIME framework could be applicable towards hikikomori care after applying the suggested modifications. Additionally, many knowledge gaps were found in literature during this review that warrants further investigation to improve hikikomori care.
Assessment of paradoxical anterior translation in a CR total knee prosthesis coupling dynamic RSA and FE techniques
Authors: Mirulla Agostino Igor , Bragonzoni Laura , Zaffagnini Stefano , Ingrassia Tommaso , Zinno Raffaele , Innocenti Bernardo
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The study aims were to assess the kinematic data, Internal-External (IE) rotation, and Antero-Posterior (AP) translation of the contact points between the femoral condyles and polyethylene insert and to develop a combined dynamic RSA-FE (Radiostereometric – Finite Element) model that gives results congruent with the literature.

Methods

A cohort of 15 patients who underwent cemented cruciate-retaining highly congruent mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty were analyzed during a sit-to-stand motor task. The kinematical data from Dynamic RSA were used as input for a patient-specific FE model to calculate condylar contact points between the femoral component and polyethylene insert.

Results

The femoral component showed an overall range about 4 mm of AP translation during the whole motor task, and the majority of the movement was after 40° of flexion. Concerning the IE rotation, the femoral component started from an externally rotate position (− 6.7 ± 10°) at 80° of flexion and performed an internal rotation during the entire motor task. The overall range of the IE rotation was 8.2°.

Conclusions

During the sit to stand, a slight anterior translation from 40° to 0° of flexion of the femoral component with respect to polyethylene insert, which could represent a paradoxical anterior translation. Despite a paradoxical anterior femoral translation was detected, the implants were found to be stable. Dynamic RSA and FE combined technique could provide information about prosthetic component’s stress and strain distribution and the influence of the different designs during the movement.
Production of spiculisporic acid by Talaromyces trachyspermus in fed-batch bioreactor culture
Authors: Moriwaki-Takano Maki , Asada Chikako , Nakamura Yoshitosi
Published: July 2021

Spiculisporic acid (SA) is a fatty acid-type biosurfactant with one lactone ring and two carboxyl groups. It has been used in metal removers and cosmetics, because of its low propensity to cause irritation to the skin, its anti-bacterial properties, and high surface activity. In the present study, we report an effective method for producing SA by selecting a high-producing strain and investigating the effective medium components, conditions, and environments for its culture. Among the 11 kinds of Talaromyces species, T. trachyspermus NBRC 32238 showed the highest production of a crystalline substance, which was determined to be SA using NMR. The strain was able to produce SA under acidic conditions from hexoses, pentoses, and disaccharides, with glucose and sucrose serving as the most appropriate substrates. Investigation of nitrogen sources and trace metal ions revealed meat extract and FeCl3 as components that promoted SA production. Upon comparing the two types of cultures with glucose in a baffle flask or aeration bioreactor, SA production was found to be slightly higher in the flask than in the reactor. In the bioreactor culture, sucrose was found to be an appropriate substrate for SA production, as compared to glucose, because with sucrose, the lag time until the start of SA production was shortened. Finally, fed-batch culture with sucrose resulted in 60 g/L of SA, with a total yield of 0.22 g SA/g sucrose and a productivity of 6.6 g/L/day.
Anesthetic management of multiple acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency in a series of surgeries under general anesthesia: a case report
Authors: Owaki-Nakano Ryoko , Higashi Midoriko , Iwashita Kohei , Shigematsu Kenji , Toyama Emiko , Yamaura Ken
Published: July 2021

Background

Glutaric acidemia is a type of multiple acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, an inborn error in fatty acid metabolism. In patients with glutaric acidemia, during the perioperative period, prolonged fasting, stress, and pain have been identified as risk factors for the induction of metabolic derangement. This report describes the surgical and anesthetic management of a patient with glutaric acidemia.

Case presentation

A 56-year-old male patient with glutaric acidemia type 2 underwent a series of surgeries. During the initial off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, the patient developed renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis upon receiving glucose at 2 mg/kg/min. However, in the second laparoscopic cholecystectomy, rhabdomyolysis was avoided by administering glucose at 4 mg/kg/min.

Conclusions

To avoid catabolism in patients with glutaric acidemia, appropriate glucose administration is important, depending on the surgical risk.
Binary defocusing technique based on complementary decoding with unconstrained dual projectors
Authors: Li Xuexing , Zhang Wenhui
Published: July 2021

Binary defocusing technique can effectively break the limitation of hardware speed, which has been widely used in the real-time three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. In addition, fusion technique can reduce captured images count for a 3D scene, which helps to improve real-time performance. Unfortunately, it is difficult for binary defocusing technique and fusion technique working simultaneously. To this end, our research established a novel system framework consisting of dual projectors and a camera, where the position and posture of the dual projectors are not strictly required. And, the dual projectors can adjust defocusing level independently. Based on this, this paper proposed a complementary decoding method with unconstrained dual projectors. The core idea is that low-resolution information is employed for high-resolution phase unwrapping. For this purpose, we developed the low-resolution depth extraction strategy based on periodic space-time coding patterns and the method from the low-resolution order to high-resolution order of fringe. Finally, experimental results demonstrated the performance of our proposed method, and the proposed method only requires three images for a 3D scene, as well as has strong robustness, expansibility, and implementation.
Ready for the Revised EYFS
Authors: Cowley Sue
Published: July 2021

The revised EYFS Framework will become statutory from September 2021. Sue Cowley takes a look at the backdrop to the early years reforms and brings you fully up to date with all the changes.
Intent, implementation, impact
Authors: Caswell Jo
Published: July 2021

Settings are assessed on the quality of education they provide, which is their curriculum. This article explains what is meant by ‘curriculum’ and how leaders can be instrumental in designing a framework of learning tailored specifically for the children in their setting.
Staff SEND training
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: July 2021

As part of our SEND series this month, Claire Hewson discusses the pressing question: In cash-strapped times how can settings identify and implement training for managers and staff?
The impact of COVID-19 on school readiness
Authors: Kay Louise
Published: July 2021

Numerous complexities emerge when we consider the implications of the pandemic and the diverse range of experiences faced by the early years sector, families and children.
Carrying out a sustainability audit
Authors: White Hilary
Published: July 2021

The move to introduce sustainability to the early years is growing all the time. How do we introduce and continue to work with these practices under limited budgets and staffing pressure?
REVIEWS
Authors: Celinska Angelica
Published: July 2021

This month EYE editor, Angelica Celinska, provides a review of a very practical professional book surrounding this month's focus on sustainability. Angelica also reviews picture books with a difference here – aiding practitioners in supporting children with their emotional development.
Holidays
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: July 2021

Holidays is a great theme to use in connection with physical development activities – jumping, climbing and dancing around are what holidays are all about as far as pre-schoolers are concerned.
Exploring Factors Predicting Undergraduate Healthcare Students’ Use of Learning Strategies
Authors: Messineo Linda , Tosto Crispino , Allegra Mario
Published: July 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between students’ academic motivation, implicit beliefs about intelligence and learning strategies among undergraduate healthcare students. First-year students of healthcare degree courses from a university in Southern Italy were surveyed. The study measured psychological constructs by means of Academic Motivation Scale, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, and Dweck’s implicit questions about beliefs of intelligence. Two regression models were computed to assess the association between students’ beliefs about intelligence, motivations for studying, and learning strategies. In the first regression model, predicting students’ use of cognitive strategies from implicit intelligence beliefs and motivations for studying, stronger autonomous motivations were significant predictors of cognitive strategies. The second regression model, predicting students’ use of metacognitive strategies from implicit intelligence beliefs and motivations for studying, was not significant. These findings can be useful to plan tailored educational interventions to promote students’ motivation, incremental beliefs about intelligence and their use of learning strategies positively related with academic performance.
High-precision and wide-wavelength range FBG demodulation method based on spectrum correction and data fusion
Authors: Yao Guozhen , Yin Yimeng , Li Yongqian , Yi Haonan
Published: July 2021

Optical fiber sensing technology plays an important role in the application of the sensing layer of the Internet of Things. The core of this technology is the demodulation of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing system. Since the FBG sensor utilizes the wavelength change to respond to the measured size, it is of great significance to improve the accuracy of the FBG wavelength demodulation. However, the demodulation performance of the current FBG wavelength demodulation method still has much room for improvement in terms of accuracy and stability. To this end, we propose a composite gas cell demodulation scheme based on spectrum correction and data fusion by using differential photodetectors, fitting extrapolation, data fusion methods, etc. The issue of low demodulation accuracy arising due to noise, temperature drift, spectral distortion, etc., was addressed to improve the demodulation performance of the FBG. In the experiment, four FBGs with different center wavelengths were used to verify their demodulation accuracy in the range of 1510–1590 nm. The maximum repeatability error of the FBG wavelength was measured to be 2.51 pm, and the linearity was as high as 99.9% or more; under the working environment of −20 °C to 60 °C, the maximum full-scale error did not exceed ±1.71 pm, which is improved by 54.3% compared with the traditional method.
Bin-packing based offline dynamic bandwidth and wavelength allocation algorithms for power efficiency in Super-PON
Authors: Garg Sukriti , Dixit Abhishek
Published: July 2021

Enduring the rapidly growing demand for high data rates is the main challenge for the current network providers. Super passive optical network (Super-PON), a prominent next generation Ethernet PON (NG-EPON) candidate, can suffice this exponentially increasing data rate requirements. However, to appease such requirements, it employs many transceivers and increases the power-consumption of the network. In this work, we focus on reducing the carbon footprint of Super-PON and propose power-efficient dynamic bandwidth and wavelength allocation (DBWA) algorithms, namely best fit bin-packing sleep mode aware (BF-SMA) and updated BF-SMA (UBF-SMA). The proposed algorithms use SMA for bandwidth scheduling and different bin-packing techniques for wavelength allocation. In bin-packing, the number of available wavelengths and their efficient allocation is based on the network load. For restricting the number of available wavelengths, we can switch off the non-essential transceivers at the OLT, which also helps in maximizing the wavelength utilization and increasing the power efficiency. The simulation results show that in comparison to the state-of-the-art DBWA algorithms, the proposed algorithms improve the power efficiency and reduce the average delay of a Super-PON system. Furthermore, we use Jain’s fairness index to validate the fairness of the proposed DBWA algorithms.
Pengurangan Subsidi BBM dan Polusi Udara Melalui Kebijakan Program Konversi dari BBM ke BBG Untuk Kendaraan di Propinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Susanti Vita , Hartanto Agus , Subekti Ridwan Arief , Saputra Hendri Maja , Rijanto Estiko , Hapid Abdul
Published: July 2021

The  number  of  vehicle  that  use  oil  (BBM)  is  increasing  every  year  in  Indonesia  while  national  oil  reserve become smaller, so that the oil should be imported. The impact of using oil are increasing subsidy and air pollution.  Thus, it is now becoming important to replace oil with another environmentally friendly energy, one of them is gas (BBG). Based on the number of vehicle and infrastructure in gas pipeline, part of northern West Java potentially can  be  chosen  for  the  implementation  of  conversion  program  to  gas  (BBG).  The number  of  vehicle  in  potential regions  such  as  Depok,  Cibinong,  Bogor,  Bekasi,  Cikarang,  Karawang,  Purwakarta,  Cirebon,  and  Bandung  are around 875,505 units. From these data, we simulated the potential profit to be gained each year by converting 10% for the first year and increasing it to 5% for every year. By investing 3.16 trillion for conversion, 14.9 trillion can be achieved in  the  form  of  fuel  subsidy  savings.  In  addition,  emission  reduction  converted  to  a  CDM  (clean development  mechanism)  can  become  local  revenues.  Total CDM generated during 5 years predicted is of U.S $ 772,385. From this study, it can be concluded that converting oil (BBM) to gas (BBG) is highly beneficial.
Rancang Bangun Kendali Sekuen untuk Sambungan Jala-Jala Listrik Menggunakan Cycloconverter
Authors: Erdani Yuliardi , Setiawan Aris Eko , Pratama Maulana Aria
Published: July 2021

This developed cycloconverter circuit simulates grid connector circuit using two function generators, which substitute AC power. The first function generator was used to represent input wave from PLN with 50 Hz frequency. The other function generator was used to represent input wave from new generator with 10-90 Hz frequency. Such initial condition enabled us to control the frequency increase from 10Hz – 40Hz to 50Hz and decrease from 60Hz – 90Hz to 50Hz. This cycloconverter used trigger circuit to activate its electrical components. The trigger circuit contains trigger parts such as thyristor and MOSFET. All hardware components in this circuit were controlled by microcontroller ATMega 8535. This controller manages all trigger circuits that were needed by cycloconverter. The experiment result shows that the cycloconverter wasable to modify frequency and phase angle, so that it enabled the connection to the electrical grid.
Sub-Conjunctival Haemorrhage Following Maxillary Third Molar Extraction - A Rarity
Authors: Ragupathy Karthik , Rajendran Geetha , Pasupathy Sanjay , Ramakrishnan Ganesh , Shriranjani Kiruthika
Published: July 2021

Third molar extraction remains one of the most common surgical procedures performed in dentistry either by intra-alveolar or trans alveolar methods; yet such a common surgical procedure sometimes results in relatively rare complications. The incidence of complications can be reduced by proper preoperative planning, knowledge of the surgical anatomy, good surgical technique and recognition of complications. Sub conjunctival haemorrhage after maxillary third molar extraction is one such complication, which till now not more than three cases of similar findings have been reported in the literature. The purpose of this article is to present a rare case of sub conjunctival haemorrhage after maxillary right third molar extraction in a 56-year-old female reported at The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry, India.
Integration of discrete fracture networks and flow simulator for quantification of hydrogeological uncertainty
Authors: Costanzo Caetano Pontes , Vidal Alexandre Campane , Marshall Bruce
Published: July 2021

In this study, a discrete fracture network model (DFN) and groundwater flow simulation were applied to a fractured aquifer of an open-pit mine. Conditional simulation of the fracture systems was developed to quantify and evaluate the uncertainty of geological structures and to predict possible hydrogeological risks associated with these uncertainties. The method used was based on the statistical characterization and simulation of spatial distribution scenarios of fracture lengths, directions and openings, as well as their influence on water flow behavior. The spatial configuration of the structures was generated using Poisson processes, while the lengths and angles were generated by Gaussian simulation. Flow simulation was performed with Modflow software. The resulting scenarios honored field data and quantified and evaluated the uncertainty associated with fracture distribution. In addition, the study was able to demonstrate the practical aspects of the proposed simulation method, which can then be applied to increase the planning and operational effectiveness of open-pit mines.
Digital literacy status of academic staff in the light of transformation in information and communication technologies
Authors: Işık Burçin , Özdemir Nurgül , Kuşlu Sebahat
Published: July 2021

Objective: This study was planned to determine the digital literacy levels of faculty members and the factors affecting them in the light of the transformations in information and communication technologies and to create a resource for related studies.
Method: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in 2018 with 272 lecturers working at a state university. Personal Information Form and Digital Literacy Scale were used in data collection. Research data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 package program. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, t test, Kolmogorov Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis test, and the results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and p <0.05 significance level.
Findings: The research results show that the digital literacy levels of the lecturers are very high, age, gender, academic title, study year affect the digital literacy level, the lecturers use digital technologies such as computers and projectors in educational activities to a large extent.
Conclusion: In line with these results, it should be ensured that education activities related to digital literacy skills should be organized within the scope of continuous education activities in higher education institutions, and especially and primarily, it should be ensured that academic staff and female instructors in the advanced age group participate in digital literacy training.
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
 
Özet
Amaç: Bu çalışma, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki dönüşümler ışığında öğretim elemanlarının dijital okuryazarlık düzeylerini ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek ve ilgili çalışmalara kaynak oluşturmak amacıyla planlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı olarak tasarlanmış bu çalışma, 2018’de bir devlet üniversitesinde çalışan 272 öğretim elemanı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplamada, Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Dijital Okuryazarlık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri SPSS 22.0 paket programında analiz edilmiştir. Veriler, frekans, yüzdelik, t testi, Kolmogorov Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiş olup, sonuçlar %95 güven aralığında, anlamlılık p<0.05 düzeyinde değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırma sonuçları, öğretim elemanlarının dijital okuryazarlık düzeylerinin çok yüksek olduğunu, yaş, cinsiyet, akademik ünvan, çalışma yılının dijital okuryazarlık düzeyini etkilediğini, öğretim elemanlarının bilgisayar ve projeksiyon gibi dijital teknolojileri eğitim etkinliklerinde büyük oranda kullandıklarını göstermektedir.
Sonuç: Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, Yükseköğretim kurumlarında sürekli eğitim etkinlikleri kapsamında dijital okuryazarlık becerilerine ilişkin eğitim etkinlikleri düzenlenmesi, özellikle ve öncelikle, ileri yaş grubunda yer alan öğretim elemanlarının ve kadın öğretim elemanlarının dijital okuryazarlık eğitimlerine öncelikle katılmaları sağlanmalıdır.
Evaluation of Regional Domestic Waste Water Treatment Plant Performance in Cimahi City
Authors: Dirgawati Mila , Sururi Mohamad Rangga , Wiliana Wili , Widiawati Nining
Published: July 2021

Domestic wastewater treatment plant performance (WWTP) currently refers to stringent wastewater quality standards (Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 68 of 2016) considering potential environmental degradation because of pollutants in the wastewater. This study evaluated the performance of the Regional Domestic WWTP in Cimahi City. Cimahi has 10 WWTPs which were operated by an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor system. Periodic monitoring only measured the wastewater characteristics after treatment with parameters: total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia, chemical oxygen demand(COD), biological oxygen demand(BOD), and oil and grease. Therefore, wastewater characteristics were measured before and after treatment at selected WWTP during peak and non-peak hours, with TSS, ammonia, and COD. Important hydraulic factors were also measured: flow velocity at peak and non-peak hours, hydraulic detention time, and sludge height. Effluent from all WWTPs did not meet the standard. However, WWTPs with detention time >2 days produced parameter concentrations closed to the maximum value. The selected WWTP has a 5.7days detention time with removal efficiency for COD 57.52%, and TSS 42.56%, during peak period and COD 60.19% and TSS 34.84% for a non-peak period, but ammonia concentration did not decrease. Overall, WWTP has not been able to meet quality standards and the quality.
Optimization of Fermentable Sugar Production from Pineapple Leaf Waste (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr) by Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Authors: Widihastuty Yohanita Restu , Sutini Sutini , Ramadhani Aida Nur
Published: July 2021

Pineapple leaf waste is one agricultural waste that has high cellulose content. Pineapple leaf waste's complex structure contains a bundle of packed fiber that makes it hard to remove lignin and hemicellulose structure, so challenging to produce reducing sugar. Dried pineapple leaf waste pretreated with a grinder to break its complex structure. Delignification process using 2% w/v NaOH solution at 87oC for 60 minutes has been carried out to remove lignin and hemicellulose structure so reducing sugar could be produced. Delignified pineapple leaf waste has been enzymatic hydrolyzed using cellulase enzyme (6 mL, 7 mL, and 8 mL) to produce reducing sugar. The sample was incubated in an incubator shaker at 155 rpm at 45, 55, and 60oC for 72 hours. Determination of reducing sugar yield had been carried out using the Dubois method and HPLC. The model indicated that the optimum operating condition of enzymatic hydrolysis is 7 mL of cellulase enzyme at 55oC to produce 96,673 mg/L reducing sugar. This result indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis operating condition improved the reducing sugar yield from pineapple leaf waste. The optimum reducing sugar yield can produce biofuel by the saccharification process.
New records of wood inhabiting fungal species from Kondapalli reserved forest of Central Eastern Ghats, India
Authors: Nagadesi Praveen Kumar , Rampilla Venkatesh
Published: July 2021

Wood inhabiting fungi that grow specifically on leaf litter, wood debris, humus rich soil of forest helps in biodegradation and increase soil fertility. The fruiting bodies of fungi were collected from partially dead forest trees, fallen wooden logs, leaf litter and decomposing humus rich soil of Kondapalli forest area, Central Eastern Ghats of India. Detailed macroscopic and microscopic study of collected fungal samples revealed the occurrence of wood inhabiting fungi belonging to 7 genera and 9 species; i.e. Geastrum triplex Jungh., Marasmius siccus (Schweinitz) Fries, M. fulvoferrugineus Gilliam, M. oreades (Bolt.: Fries) Fries Epicr. Lactarius piperatus (L.) Pers., Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer, Artomyces microsporus (Qiu X. Wu & R. H. Petersen) Lickey, Hymenochaetopsis rigidula (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) S. H. He & Jiao Yang and Bjerkandera adusta (Willd: Fr.) Karst. For the first time, A. microsporus (Qiu X. Wu & R. H. Petersen) Lickey and H. rigidula (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) S. H. He & Jiao Yang., were reported from India. M. fulvoferrugineus Gilliam was reported second time from India. The wood inhabiting fungi were new records to Kondapalli forest area, Central Eastern Ghats of India.
Student achievement emotions: Examining the role of frequent online assessment
Authors: Riegel Kaitlin , Evans Tanya
Published: July 2021

The rapid inclusion of online assessment in higher education has left a void in investigating the relationship this form of assessment has with student emotions. This study examines the influence of frequent online assessment on student emotions in a university setting using a mixed-methods approach. Students' emotions in an online quiz and a traditional classroom test in a second-year mathematics course (n = 91) were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, through the lens of the control-value theory. The study used an adaptation of the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ) to collect data on reported student emotions in both assessments, as well as qualitative data on student’s views of the frequent online assessment. Students reported higher levels of positive emotions and lower levels of negative emotions in an online quiz compared to the test, and we attempted to identify sources of these differences. The findings are discussed together with implications for habitualisation of assessment emotions. Practically grounded generalisations are outlined as opportunities for disrupting negative emotions and reaffirming positive emotions, which are suitable for implementation in higher education on a broad scale.

Implications for practice or policy:

For educators designing tertiary assessment aimed at promoting positive and reducing negative emotions, we advise incorporating features that students perceive as allowing them greater control over obtaining success.

Specifically, we advise incorporating frequent low stakes online quizzes into tertiary courses.

These present opportunities for students to habitualise positive assessment-related emotions, which correlate with performance and constructs such as self-efficacy.

The Achievement Emotions Questionnaires (AEQ) can be adapted to investigate achievement emotions in different forms of assessment.
KIRILGAN BEŞLİ ÜLKELERİ ORTA-GELİR TUZAĞINDA MI?: GELİR YAKINSAMASI VE PANEL VERİ ANALİZİNE DAYALI AMPİRİK BİR İNCELEME
Authors: YILDIZ Furkan , BAYRAKTAR Yüksel
Published: July 2021

Büyüme performansları, çok az ülkenin kişi başına gelir açısından orta gelir grubundan yüksek gelir grubuna erişebildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Gelir grupları arasındaki geçişin katı olması, Orta-Gelir Tuzağı (OGT) bağlamındaki tartışmaların önem kazanmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı makro ekonomik özellikleri benzerlik gösteren Brezilya, Endonezya, Güney Afrika, Hindistan ve Türkiye’den oluşan Kırılgan Beşli için OGT’nin varlığını test etmek ve OGT’den uzaklaşılması için politika önerileri sunmaktır. Bu amaca paralel olarak çalışmada 1960-2015 dönemi için gelir yakınsaması testi ve 1960-2012 dönemi için Kırılgan Beşli için iktisadi büyümenin belirleyicilerini açıklamak için uygulanan panel veri analizinden oluşan iki farklı test prosedürü uygulanmıştır. Gelir yakınsama testi sadece Brezilya’nın orta-gelir tuzağında olduğunu; panel veri sonuçları ise Kırılgan Beşli için GSYİHKB ile üçüncül okullaşma oranı, reel efektif döviz kuru, brüt sermaye yatırımları, katma değerli sanayi üretimi, dış ticaret haddi ve katma değerli tarımsal üretim arasında aynı yönlü ve istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla söz konusu bağımsız değişkenleri destekleyici politikalar, OGT’den uzaklaşmak için önemlidir.
Shape and topology optimization involving the eigenvalues of an elastic structure: A multi-phase-field approach
Authors: Garcke Harald , Hüttl Paul , Knopf Patrik
Published: July 2021

A cost function involving the eigenvalues of an elastic structure is optimized using a phase-field approach, which allows for topology changes and multiple materials.We show continuity and differentiability of simple eigenvalues in the phase-field context. Existence of global minimizers can be shown, for which first order necessary optimality conditions can be obtained in generic situations. Furthermore, a combined eigenvalue and compliance optimization is discussed.
Life and Lifeforms in Early Greek Atomism
Authors: Augustin Michael , Pellò Caterina
Published: July 2021

What is Leucippus and Democritus’ theory of the beginning of life? How, if at all, did Leucippus and Democritus distinguish different kinds of living things? These questions are challenging in part because these Atomists claim that all living beings – including plants – have a share of reason and understanding. We answer these questions by examining the extant evidence concerning their views on embryology, the soul and respiration, and sense perception, thereby giving an overview of life and lifeforms in early Greek atomism. We show, first, that the generation of all living beings happens through the combining of miniature copies of their parents’ atomic structures. Second, we argue that the Atomists take respiration to mark the beginning of life. Yet they do not consider respiration nor being ensouled to distinguish humans, animals, and plants from each other. Finally, because Leucippus and Democritus make little distinction between sense perception and thought, these too cannot sharply distinguish between different kinds of living beings. We conclude that Leucippus and Democritus advocated a less anthropocentric and more holistic view of the cosmos.
Vom Startbetrieb in den pandemie-bedingten Notbetrieb – wie kann aus widrigen Bedingungen eine neue Zukunftsausrichtung entstehen?
Authors: Zoller Rahel
Published: July 2021

Nur wenige Monate nach ihrer Gründung musste die Bibliothek LIV aus dem Startbetrieb in den durch die Corona-Pandemie verursachten Notbetrieb wechseln. Der Artikel befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen des Notbetriebs auf die Mitarbeiter*innen und Nutzer*innen, geht auf die Anpassung und Entwicklung von Serviceangeboten ein und stellt Fragen, wie die Arbeit und die Errungenschaften im Notbetrieb als Basis für die zukünftige Ausrichtung und als Anregung für Innovationen genutzt werden kann.
Praxis adé? Der Mangel an Praxiseinblicken während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Greifeneder Elke , Krems Adeline , Gäde Maria
Published: July 2021

In diesem Beitrag werden die Einschränkungen und Konsequenzen für Pflichtpraktika während der COVID-19 Pandemie thematisiert. Im Kontext der Praktikumsberatung des Instituts für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin wurden 81 Einrichtungen kontaktiert und angefragt, welche der Einrichtungen während der andauernden Einschränkungen ein Praktikumsangebot machen. Die Ergebnisse der Befragung, daraus resultierende Konsequenzen sowie Vorschläge für Ersatzleistungen oder Alternativen zum klassischen Praktikum (im digitalen Raum) werden mit den Vor- und Nachteilen beschrieben.
Use of a structured approach and virtual simulation practice to improve diagnostic reasoning
Authors: Dekhtyar Michael , Park Yoon Soo , Kalinyak Judy , Chudgar Saumil M. , Fedoriw Kelly Bossenbroek , Johnson Khadeja J. , Knoche Craig F. , Martinez Lisa , Mingioni Nina , Pincavage Amber T. , Salas Rachel , Sanfilippo Fred , Sozio Stephen M. , Weigle Nancy , Wood Sarah , Zavodnick Jillian , Stern Scott
Published: July 2021

Objectives

In 2015, the National Academy of Medicine IOM estimated that 12 million patients were misdiagnosed annually. This suggests that despite prolonged training in medical school and residency there remains a need to improve diagnostic reasoning education. This study evaluates a new approach.

Methods

A total of 285 medical students were enrolled in this 8 center, IRB approved trial. Students were randomized to receive training in either abdominal pain (AP) or loss of consciousness (LOC). Baseline diagnostic accuracy of the two different symptoms was assessed by completing a multiple-choice question (MCQ) examination and virtual patient encounters. Following a structured educational intervention, including a lecture on the diagnostic approach to that symptom and three virtual patient practice cases, each student was re-assessed.

Results

The change in diagnostic accuracy on virtual patient encounters was compared between (1) baseline and post intervention and (2) post intervention students trained in the prescribed symptom vs. the alternate symptom (controls). The completeness of the student’s differential diagnosis was also compared. Comparison of proportions were conducted usingχ2-tests. Mixed-effects regressions were used to examine differences accounting for case and repeated measures. Compared with baseline, both the AP and LOC groups had marked post-intervention improvements in obtaining a correct final diagnosis; a 27% absolute improvement in the AP group (p<0.001) and a 32% absolute improvement in the LOC group (p<0.001). Compared with controls (the groups trained in the alternate symptoms), the rate of correct diagnoses increased by 13% but was not statistically significant (p=0.132). The completeness and efficiency of the differential diagnoses increased by 16% (β=0.37, p<0.001) and 17% respectively (β=0.45, p<0.001).

Conclusions

The study showed that a virtual patient platform combined with a diagnostic reasoning framework could be used for education and diagnostic assessment and improved correct diagnosis compared with baseline performance in a simulated platform.
Humor and A1C: the interaction between humor and diabetes control
Authors: Greene David S. , King Nancy Dunavant
Published: July 2021

There is increasing evidence of specific medical and psychological benefits associated with humor within diabetes populations. The benefits of maintaining good diabetes control are also well established. The more general relationship between humor and diabetes control however remains unexplored. The purpose of this study was to examine if there was a difference between people with diabetes with an A1C ≤ 6.99% versus those ≥7.0% on four disparate types of humor. The sample consisted of 284 participants, 65.5% with type 1 diabetes, 68.3% female, 89.1% Caucasian, and 68.7% college educated. Participants completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) and were divided into two groups, A1C ≤ 6.99% and A1C ≥ 7.0%. The A1C ≤ 6.99% group scored significantly higher on both types of positive humor, affiliative humor (P < 0.01) and self-enhancing humor (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between participants on either type of negative humor, aggressive humor (P > 0.05) or self-defeating humor (P > 0.05). Results indicate that good control (A1C ≤ 6.99%) is associated with positive humor. These findings provide evidence that there is an association between American Diabetes Association recommended levels of control and positive humor styles. Implications regarding positive humor and good diabetes control are discussed.
Oxidative hydrolysis of Fe(Ⅱ) in the process of hydrothermal synthesis of hematite
Authors: Yang Fuxian , Xing Yubo , Deng Zhigan , Wei Chang , Li Xingbin , Li Minting
Published: July 2021

Iron removal is an important step in zinc hydrometallurgy, and hematite process not only can effectively remove iron, but also is environmentally friendly and has certain economic benefits, so it has great application potential in zinc hydrometallurgy. The oxidative hydrolysis of Fe(Ⅱ) was studied by the change of ions in solution with different initial ferrous ion concentration. Meanwhile, the oxidation rates of Fe(Ⅱ) at different initial Zn(Ⅱ) concentrations were also studied. The results show that temperature has an important influence on the oxidative hydrolysis of Fe(Ⅱ). Increasing the temperature can inhibit the formation of complex and make more Fe(Ⅱ) precipitate directly in the form of hematite, which is not limited by the hydrolysis rate of Fe(Ⅲ). The oxidation reaction of Fe(Ⅱ) approximately conforms to the second order reaction rate. Zinc sulfate can promote the oxidation of Fe(Ⅱ). When the initial Zn(Ⅱ) concentration was 20, 40, 60 and 80 g/L, the oxidation kinetic constants of Fe(Ⅱ) were 2.433, 4.492, 10.106 and 14.857 L·mol−1·min−1, respectively.
A Comparison of Approaches to Select the Informativeness of Priors in BVARs
Authors: Prüser Jan , Hanck Christoph
Published: July 2021

Vector autoregressions (VARs) are richly parameterized time series models that can capture complex dynamic interrelationships among macroeconomic variables. However, in small samples the rich parametrization of VAR models may come at the cost of overfitting the data, possibly leading to imprecise inference for key quantities of interest such as impulse response functions (IRFs). Bayesian VARs (BVARs) can use prior information to shrink the model parameters, potentially avoiding such overfitting. We provide a simulation study to compare, in terms of the frequentist properties of the estimates of the IRFs, useful strategies to select the informativeness of the prior. The study reveals that prior information may help to obtain more precise estimates of impulse response functions than classical OLS-estimated VARs and more accurate coverage rates of error bands in small samples. Strategies based on selecting the prior hyperparameters of the BVAR building on empirical or hierarchical modeling perform particularly well.
Perimenopausal giant hydatidiform mole complicated with preeclampsia and hyperthyroidism: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wan Yan , Jiang Guoqing , Jin Ying , Hao Zengping
Published: July 2021

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) commonly occurs in reproductive females, but is extremely rare in perimenopausal females. In this study, we reported a case of hydatidiform mole in a 48-year-old perimenopausal female admitted due to a giant uterine mass of 28 weeks’ gestational size. The serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level ranged from 944 to 1,286 mIU/mL before treatments. The signs of preeclampsia and hyperthyroidism were relatively prominent. Hysterectomy was performed and chemotherapy was scheduled when the serum HCG level remained at a plateau, about 528 mIU/mL. The symptoms of preeclampsia and hyperthyroidism were relieved after treatment. Accordingly, we concluded that GTD could occur in perimenopausal woman and hysterectomy usually is the optimal treatment.
The crystal structure of 2,5-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole, C20H18N2S2
Authors: Zhai Zhi-Wei , Yang Shuang-Hua
Published: July 2021

C20H18N2S2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.92140(10) Å, b = 6.08080(10) Å, c = 17.8091(3) Å, β = 90.592(2)°, V = 857.79(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0382, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1051, T = 149.99(10) K.

CCDC no.: 2085420
Controllable modification of helical carbon nanotubes for high-performance microwave absorption
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Zhengkang , Jia Aili , Yang Xulin , Feng Wei , Wang Pan , Li Kui , Lei Wenwu , He Hanyu , Tian Yingrui , Zhou Zuowan
Published: July 2021

Helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) are a kind of potential microwave absorption (MA) material due to their chiral and dielectric properties. However, the inert surface property makes HCNTs with poor polarization loss ability and impedance matching characteristic, which impedes its ability in attenuating microwaves. Herein, the HCNTs were modified with defects and functional groups on the surface to optimize their electromagnetic response characteristics and achieve an enhanced MA performance. The experimental results show that the modified HCNTs (F-HCNTs) exhibit a significant enhancement in MA performance when compared with HCNTs. The minimum reflection (RLmin) loss of F-HCNTs reaches −45.4 dB at 17.5 GHz at a thickness of 2.4 mm and the bandwidth of RL < −10 dB is 3.6 GHz (from 14.4 to 18.0 GHz). Further analysis demonstrates that proper modification of HCNTs leads to enhanced dielectric loss ability and optimized impedance matching characteristics, both of which are beneficial to the MA performance of HCNTs.
Thermal analysis of postcured aramid fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Karvanis Konstantinos , Rusnáková Soňa , Krejčí Ondřej , Kalendová Alena
Published: July 2021

In this study, aramid fiber-reinforced polymer (AFRP) composites were prepared and then postcured under specific heating/cooling rates. By dynamic mechanical analysis, the viscoelastic properties of the AFRP composites at elevated temperatures and under various frequencies were determined. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA), in the modes of creep-recovery and stress–relaxation tests, was also performed. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry was also used, and the decomposition of the AFRP composites, aramid fibers, and pure postcured epoxy, in two different atmospheres, namely, air atmosphere and nitrogen (N2) atmosphere, was explored by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). From this point of view, the aramid fibers showed remarkably thermal resistance, in N2 atmosphere, and the volume fraction of fibers (Φf) was calculated to be Φf = 51%. In the TGA experiments, the postcured AFRP composites showed very good thermal resistance, both in air and N2 atmosphere, and this characteristic in conjunction with their relatively high T
g, which is in the range of 85–95°C, depending on the frequency and the determination method, classifies these composites as potential materials in applications where the resistance in high temperatures is a required characteristic.
Evaluating the translational value of postmortem brain reperfusion technology
Authors: Nair-Collins Michael
Published: July 2021

A novel pulsatile-perfusion technology, dubbed BrainEx, has been shown to restore microcirculation and cellular functions in the pig brain, 4 h postmortem. This technology has generated enthusiasm for its translational value for human neuroresuscitation. I offer a critical analysis of the study and its methodology, providing several reasons for skepticism. This includes: all phenomena were observed at different degrees of hypothermia; the physiological and biochemical milieu of the experimental preparation is radically different than the clinical setting of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury; and the study is confounded by uncontrolled traumatic brain injury and lifelong stress in all the animals.