bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O conceito de Pré-história nos livros didáticos de História no Brasil
Authors: Do Nascimento Oliveira Ana Lúcia , Alves de Andrade Juliana , Lucena Aragão Luiz Adriano
Published: February 2021

Este artigo trata sobre o conceito de Pré-história nos livros didáticos de História no Brasil. A intenção é demonstrar o diálogo existente entre a historiografia acadêmica e a literatura didática acerca da periodização histórica que organiza a narrativa presente no livro didático, sobretudo, após a criação e consolidação do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático-PNLD, responsável pela avaliação da qualidade historiográfica e pedagógica dos livros didáticos a partir da década de 1990. Para tal, analisamos 5 (cinco) livros didáticos de História do 6º ano mais usados nas escolas públicas brasileiras (PNLD 2017-2019), usando os pressupostos metodológicos estabelecidos pela Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2010) e a História dos Conceitos (KOSELLECK, 2006), na busca de compreender as mudanças e as permanências nos sentidos atribuídos ao termo Pré-História (FUNARI, 2013). Os resultados obtidos com a investigação revelam as estratégias desenvolvidas pelos livros didáticos de história para manter o termo Pré-História na narrativa central do texto didático, mesmo após as reconfigurações dos livros didáticos estimuladas pelo PNLD, na tentativa de superar a perspectiva cronológica e eurocêntrica da historiografia escolar. Nota-se que, as estratégias se materializam na adoção de um nova semântica (palavra, termo, discurso) para explicar a “origem” da história, da escrita e da sociedade ou no uso de nova acepção para o termo Pré-história.
Palavras-chave: Pré-história. Livros didáticos. Programa Nacional do Livro Didático.
CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO SOBRE O TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA (TEA): UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DO PROJETO “CRIAR PARA INFORMAR”
Authors: Pires Nathalia de Oliveira , Rios Giovana Barroso de Melo , Costa Juliana Ciarlini , De Sousa Lucas Lessa , Freire Raquel Matoso , Bachur Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues , Aragão Gislei Frota
Published: February 2021

Resumo: A arte e as redes sociais podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas de inclusão social e estímulo às interações sociais entre indivíduos com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) e aqueles com desenvolvimento chamado típico, bem como funcionar como importantes e acessíveis instrumentos de disseminação de informações acerca do TEA. O presente tem por objetivo relatar a relevância do projeto “Criar para informar”, realizado pelo Grupo de Estudos em Neuroinflamação e Neurotoxicologia – GENIT/UECE, no ano de 2019, por meio de duas estratégias: (a) participação em eventos públicos com a apresentação de uma canção autoral e (b) uso de um mascote virtual nas redes sociais para popularizar informações sobre o autismo. Em dois eventos sobre o Transtorno do Espectro Autista, ambos realizados em abril de 2019, o projeto de extensão “Criar para Informar” apresentou a canção autoral “Pedacinhos”, que chama atenção para a conscientização sobre o transtorno. Como resultado, a canção mostrou-se, nas duas ocasiões, uma ferramenta de engajamento do público presente, gerando empatia e resgatando a atenção para a temática exposta. Outra estratégia, as mídias digitais divulgadas em redes sociais através da utilização de um mascote virtual também obteve êxito ao longo do ano de 2019, uma vez que apresentou, ao grande público, informações relevantes de maneira didática e ilustrativa, que contribuíram para uma comunicação eficaz direcionada à população em geral. Conclui-se que a introdução de elementos artísticos, seja via presencial ou através de meios digitais, são práticas bem recebidas pelo público e contribuem para a popularização do conhecimento científico, neste caso, especificamente sobre o transtorno do espectro autista.
Análise dinâmica da volatilidade dos retornos do Ibovespa: uma aplicação do modelo autorregressivo de mudanças markovianas
Authors: Silva Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo utiliza o modelo Markov Switching Autorregressivo de dois estados desenvolvido por Hamilton (1989), para capturar mudanças de regime tanto na média quanto na variância dos retornos do Ibovespa, entre janeiro de 2000 e maio de 2020. A evidência empírica indica probabilidades de transição sugerindo que apenas eventos podem mudar a série de um regime de baixa volatilidade para um regime de alta volatilidade e vice-versa.  Verificou-se que os resultados do modelo MS(2)-AR(1) detectaram  momento das mudanças de regimes dos retornos, por causa da eleição presidencial, crises financeiras 2008 e a pandemia (coronavírus 2020).
Estratégias de securitização no setor de construção civil: determinantes e impactos no desempenho econômico-financeiro
Authors: Farinelli Tiago César , Santos David Ferreira Lopes
Published: February 2021

A forma como as empresas definem sua estrutura de capital traz impactos para o seu desempenho financeiro. Dentre as possibilidades para financiamento se encontra a securitização, que embora seja um tema discutido no meio acadêmico, pouca atenção tem sido dada para sua relação com o desempenho empresarial (RIACHI et al., 2015). No Brasil, um dos setores que mais fazem uso deste tipo de instrumento é o setor de construção civil. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os determinantes das estratégias de securitização utilizadas pelas empresas do setor de construção civil e os impactos no seu desempenho econômico e financeiro. A pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem quantitativa e fez uso do método descritivo, a amostra foi composta por 15 empresas do setor, o estudo abordou o período de 2007 a 2015 e foi realizado com a utilização da técnica de análise de regressão com dados em painel balanceado. A principal variável explicativa determinante do nível de securitização foi o custo da dívida, reforçando a hipótese de que empresas com maior custo de dívida tendem utilizar de forma mais intensa a securitização. Já em relação ao desempenho, foi constatado que o nível de securitização influencia o indicador Preço/Lucro, desta maneira, esta estratégia pode contribuir para a criação de valor.
Estudo estratégico para o desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável nos municípios que compõem a região da AMAI no Oeste Catarinense
Authors: Ferreira Anderson Saccol , Matté Vanessa
Published: February 2021

O estudo aborda estratégias para o desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo nos municípios que compõem a região da Associação dos Municípios do Alto Irani - AMAI de forma intermunicipal. O objetivo da pesquisa está em desenvolver um estudo estratégico que possa servir de suporte para o desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo nos municípios que compõem a região da AMAI no Oeste Catarinense. Adotamos como procedimento metodológico a pesquisa documental e a Matriz de Condicionantes, Deficiências e Potencialidades (Matriz CDP). Por meio da Matriz CDP, elaborou-se os objetivos estratégicos e as metas para o desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo. Como resultados identificamos a precária infraestrutura urbana e rural para suprir a demanda do turismo local e a falta de políticas públicas intermunicipais para o desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo. O estudo propõe um direcionamento possibilitando a correção das fragilidades e promovendo as potencialidades por meio das rotas turísticas intermunicipais como forma de criar meios que possibilitem o cumprimento dos objetivos estratégicos pré-estabelecidos promovendo o turismo sustentável regional.
Análise comparativa sobre a avaliação de desempenho modalidade 360° e a aplicada em uma universidade
Authors: Oliveira Leticia Calsavara de , Theodorovicz James Carlo , Azeredo Abel Dionizio
Published: February 2021

Este artigo objetiva apresentar um estudo entre o sistema atual de avaliação de desempenho adotada pela Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) e a avaliação de desempenho 360 graus, averiguando se a avaliação moderna, como ferramenta de gestão, seria mais adequada do que o sistema atual de avaliação de desempenho no atendimento das demandas dos gestores e dos servidores da UTFPR, considerando as peculiaridades das categorias envolvidas no processo e suas atribuições dentro da instituição. Tal análise se deu por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico, pautado na pesquisa exploratória, a fim de conceituar e caracterizar as avaliações de desempenho em um cenário geral e, em especial, confrontar o método de avaliação 360 graus e o programa de avaliação de desempenho da instituição em questão, averiguando se a primeira, como ferramenta de gestão, seria mais adequada que o sistema atualmente adotado, no atendimento das demandas de seus gestores e servidores. Por fim, pode-se observar que modelo de avaliação de desempenho 360 graus trabalha de forma circular, ou seja, todos os envolvidos com a pessoa avaliada dão seu ponto de vista em relação ao desenvolvimento profissional daquele sujeito, enquanto que a metodologia utilizada pela UTFPR, apesar de grande parte dos envolvidos participarem do processo avaliativo, ainda estão fora deste círculo.
A lei de responsabilidade fiscal como um marco divisor na gestão pública brasileira: uma análise dos dezessete anos de sua implementação
Authors: Pinheiro Ruy Alves Rodrigues , Fonseca Geralda Genuína da , Paiva Júnior Cleber Alves , Oliveira Mariana Silveira de , Silva Rafael Luis da
Published: February 2021

A nação brasileira, ao longo de sua história, tem se deparado com uma sistemática prática de mal-uso das verbas públicas, que tanto solapa os maiores interesses nacionais. Diversos planos econômicos foram implementados, com vistas a melhor desenvolver o país, porém, a ausência de um arcabouço jurídico-fiscal consistente, capaz de moralizar a gestão pública, sempre se apresentou como uma barreira intransponível, frustrando a busca de suprir satisfatoriamente os anseios da população. No intuito de reverter esse quadro, foi criada, no ano 2000, a Lei Complementar nº 101, batizada de Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF). O aludido diploma traz em seu bojo mecanismos esclarecedores acerca do que se espera do gestor público, que atue em qualquer uma das esferas de governo, ao definir princípios básicos de responsabilidade, transparência, bem como a aplicação de penalidades aos que descumprem seus preceitos, com vistas ao equilíbrio fiscal, expurgando a figura do déficit público, como também evitando o endividamento público irresponsável. Este artigo foi elaborado a partir de metodologia exploratória, se utilizou de bibliografias e documentos, tendo como objetivo analisar o processo evolutivo da gestão pública brasileira, após o advento da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, com base em experiências de ajuste fiscal bem-sucedidas, que culminaram com o atingimento do equilíbrio das finanças públicas da União Europeia, Estados Unidos e Nova Zelândia. Pretendeu-se ainda identificar os princípios que regem a transparência e o equilíbrio das finanças públicas, bem como explanar acerca da aplicabilidade das penalidades previstas no descumprimento dos preceitos da Lei Complementar 101/2000, tornando sua aplicação efetiva, produzindo resultados fiscais consistentes.
The Use of ICTs to Teach Geography in the Classroom: Application examples for Foundation ‐ Grade 6
Authors: Scolaro Katrina
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyse the technologies used in current pedagogical practices in the Humanities and Social Sciences (HASS) classroom, in particular geography. It is argued that supporting children to be digitally literate is one of the keys to effective learning in
the 21st Century. This article is based on potential practical applications of new technologies and ICTs, and linking them to the Australian Curriculum: Geography. As a preservice teacher, how can I best integrate the use of ICTs and use them to responsibility to enhance the learning
of my future students? What quality and variety of ICT resources are available to us, as preservice teachers that will encourage creativity and motivate students and cater for all types of learners in the classroom? Fast, interactive and multimodal ICTs can assist teachers and students to
explore the exciting ‘big ideas’ in the HASS classroom and with ICTs including Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems all around us, it makes for new and innovative pedagogy.
E-Learning Implementation in Physical Education Department in Higher Education During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Putro Baskoro Nugroho , Pratama Henri Gunawan , Prasetyo Wawan , Doewes Rumi Iqbal
Published: February 2021

The implementation of e-learning is getting more vigorous as the revolution of industry 4.0 has also affected the education domain. The E-learning system must be planned comprehensively and educational institutions cannot run the system suddenly. Education in Indonesia should be run
at home, including higher education. The purpose of this research was to determine and to compare the implementation of e-learning in the Physical Education (PE) Department in public and private college. Data were collected using a questionnaire adapted from e-learning readiness factors and
national rules of e-learning implementation. Based on score, the PE department in Sports Faculty did better e-learning than STKIP PGRI Trenggalek, but both institutions had many aspects that had to be leveled up and improved to keep the learning meaningful and of high quality.
shinyDepMap, a tool to identify targetable cancer genes and their functional connections from Cancer Dependency Map data
Authors: Shimada Kenichi , Bachman John A , Muhlich Jeremy L , Mitchison Timothy J
Published: February 2021

Individual cancers rely on distinct essential genes for their survival. The Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap) is an ongoing project to uncover these gene dependencies in hundreds of cancer cell lines. To make this drug discovery resource more accessible to the scientific community, we built an easy-to-use browser, shinyDepMap (https://labsyspharm.shinyapps.io/depmap). shinyDepMap combines CRISPR and shRNA data to determine, for each gene, the growth reduction caused by knockout/knockdown and the selectivity of this effect across cell lines. The tool also clusters genes with similar dependencies, revealing functional relationships. shinyDepMap can be used to (1) predict the efficacy and selectivity of drugs targeting particular genes; (2) identify maximally sensitive cell lines for testing a drug; (3) target hop, that is, navigate from an undruggable protein with the desired selectivity profile, such as an activated oncogene, to more druggable targets with a similar profile; and (4) identify novel pathways driving cancer cell growth and survival.
Human primed ILCPs support endothelial activation through NF-κB signaling
Authors: Vanoni Giulia , Ercolano Giuseppe , Candiani Simona , Rutigliani Mariangela , Lanata Mariangela , Derré Laurent , Marcenaro Emanuela , Schneider Pascal , Romero Pedro , Jandus Camilla , Trabanelli Sara
Published: February 2021

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent the most recently identified subset of effector lymphocytes, with key roles in the orchestration of early immune responses. Despite their established involvement in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders, the role of ILCs in cancer remains poorly defined. Here we assessed whether human ILCs can actively interact with the endothelium to promote tumor growth control, favoring immune cell adhesion. We show that, among all ILC subsets, ILCPs elicited the strongest upregulation of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro, mainly in a contact-dependent manner through the tumor necrosis factor receptor- and RANK-dependent engagement of the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, the ILCP-mediated activation of the ECs resulted to be functional by fostering the adhesion of other innate and adaptive immune cells. Interestingly, pre-exposure of ILCPs to human tumor cell lines strongly impaired this capacity. Hence, the ILCP–EC interaction might represent an attractive target to regulate the immune cell trafficking to tumor sites and, therefore, the establishment of an anti-tumor immune response.
Loss of cortical control over the descending pain modulatory system determines the development of the neuropathic pain state in rats
Authors: Drake Robert AR , Steel Kenneth A , Apps Richard , Lumb Bridget M , Pickering Anthony E
Published: February 2021

The loss of descending inhibitory control is thought critical to the development of chronic pain but what causes this loss in function is not well understood. We have investigated the dynamic contribution of prelimbic cortical neuronal projections to the periaqueductal grey (PrL-P) to the development of neuropathic pain in rats using combined opto- and chemogenetic approaches. We found PrL-P neurons to exert a tonic inhibitory control on thermal withdrawal thresholds in uninjured animals. Following nerve injury, ongoing activity in PrL-P neurons masked latent hypersensitivity and improved affective state. However, this function is lost as the development of sensory hypersensitivity emerges. Despite this loss of tonic control, opto-activation of PrL-P neurons at late post-injury timepoints could restore the anti-allodynic effects by inhibition of spinal nociceptive processing. We suggest that the loss of cortical drive to the descending pain modulatory system underpins the expression of neuropathic sensitisation after nerve injury.
Shore crabs reveal novel evolutionary attributes of the mushroom body
Authors: Strausfeld Nicholas , Sayre Marcel E
Published: February 2021

Neural organization of mushroom bodies is largely consistent across insects, whereas the ancestral ground pattern diverges broadly across crustacean lineages resulting in successive loss of columns and the acquisition of domed centers retaining ancestral Hebbian-like networks and aminergic connections. We demonstrate here a major departure from this evolutionary trend in Brachyura, the most recent malacostracan lineage. In the shore crabHemigrapsus nudus, instead of occupying the rostral surface of the lateral protocerebrum, mushroom body calyces are buried deep within it with their columns extending outwards to an expansive system of gyri on the brain’s surface. The organization amongst mushroom body neurons reaches extreme elaboration throughout its constituent neuropils. The calyces, columns, and especially the gyri show DC0 immunoreactivity, an indicator of extensive circuits involved in learning and memory.
Identification of SNPs associated with magnesium and sodium uptake and the effect of their accumulation on micro and macro nutrient levels inVitis vinifera
Authors: Naegele Rachel P. , Londo Jason P. , Zou Cheng , Cousins Peter
Published: February 2021

Macro and micro nutrient accumulation affects all stages of plant growth and development. When nutrient deficiencies or excesses occur, normal plant growth is altered resulting in symptoms such as leaf chlorosis, plant stunting or death. In grapes, few genomic regions associated with nutrient accumulation or deficiencies have been identified. Our study evaluated micro and macro nutrient concentrations inVitis viniferaL. to identify associated SNPs using an association approach with genotype by sequencing data. Nutrient concentrations and foliar symptoms (leaf chlorosis and stunting) were compared among 249 F1Vitis viniferaindividuals in 2015 and 2016. Foliar symptoms were consistent (≥90%) between years and correlated with changes in nutrient concentrations of magnesium (r = 0.65 andr = 0.38 in 2015 and 2016, respectively), aluminum (r = 0.24 andr = 0.49), iron (r = 0.21 andr = 0.49), and sodium (r = 0.32 andr = 0.21). Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with symptoms, sodium, and magnesium were detected on each chromosome with the exception of 5, 7 and 17 depending on the trait and genome used for analyses explaining up to 40% of the observed variation. Symptoms and magnesium concentration were primarily associated with SNPs on chromosome 3, while SNPs associated with increased sodium content were primarily found on chromosomes 11 and 18. Mean concentrations for each nutrient varied between years in the population between symptomatic and asymptomatic plants, but relative relationships were mostly consistent. These data suggest a complex relationship among foliar symptoms and micro and macro nutrients accumulating in grapevines.
Identification of a metabolic-related gene signature predicting the overall survival for patients with stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nie Yuan , Liu Linxiang , Liu Qi , Zhu Xuan
Published: February 2021

Background

The reprogramming of energy metabolism and consistently altered metabolic genes are new features of cancer, and their prognostic roles remain to be further studied in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD).

Methods

Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles and clinicopathological data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the GSE84437 databases from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A univariate Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model established a novel metabolic signature based on TCGA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUROC) and a nomogram were calculated to assess the predictive accuracy.

Results

A novel metabolic-related signature (including acylphosphatase 1, RNA polymerase I subunit A, retinol dehydrogenase 12, 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolyzing, malic enzyme 1, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase 5, deoxycytidine kinase, galactosidase alpha, DNA polymerase delta 3, glutathione S-transferase alpha 2, N-acyl sphingosine amidohydrolase 1, and N-acyl sphingosine amidohydrolase 1) was identified. In both TCGA and GSE84437, patients in the high-risk group showed significantly poorersurvival than the patients in the low-risk group. A good predictive value was shown by the AUROC and nomogram. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analyses (GSEAs) revealed several significantly enriched pathways, which may help in explaining the underlying mechanisms.

Conclusions

A novel robust metabolic-related signature for STAD prognosis prediction was conducted. The signature may reflect the dysregulated metabolic microenvironment and can provided potential biomarkers for metabolic therapy in STAD.
El asunto de la obligación de negociar un acceso al Océano Pacífico. Comentario de la sentencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia, de fecha 1 de octubre de 2018
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, López Escarcena Sebastián
Published: February 2021

La sentencia de fondo en el asunto de laobligación de negociar un acceso al Océano Pacífico le puso fin a una aventura judicial que Bolivia comenzara cinco años antes en contra de Chile. Esta no solo resume más de un siglo y medio de intercambios diplomáti-cos entre ambos estados, sino que los analiza desde la perspectiva del derecho internacional. Poco se innovó en este fallo respecto de tratados, actos unilaterales y comportamientos recí-procos de los estados. Más interesante es la reiteración que hizo el tribunal de las obligaciones de medios y de resultado, por un lado, y de los acuerdos tácitos, por otro. Esta sentencia, sin embargo, marca un antes y un después en las relaciones boliviano-chilenas, y pasa a constituir un verdadero tour de force de su evaluación jurídica.
Estudio comparado sobre los sujetos y contenido de los derechos en la normativa cementerial mexicana, argentina y chilena. Contrastes desde su reglamentación en Cuba
Authors:   Universidad de Oriente (Cuba), Ortega García Erick , Arias Gayoso Grethel ,   Universidad de Oriente (Cuba)
Published: February 2021

El uso privativo de los bienes que integran a los cementerios públicos, entraña una relación jurídica especial entre particular y Administración. Ello implica una bilaterali-dad entre ambos sujetos, desde el punto de vista sustancial y formal, cuya causalidad resulta un derecho nacido a la vida jurídica bajo las reglas del Derecho Público. En el estudio de los ordenamientos correspondientes a los sistemas mexicano, argentino y chileno, ha sido el último donde se implementa una ordenación coherente para todas sus municipalidades. En contraste, para Cuba, el órgano administrativo no posee una intervención directa sobre las normas que enuncia. Los usos privativos constituidos carecen de una configuración legal que permita determinar los lindes entre sus basamentos público y privado
TEN YEARS (2010 – 2020) OF EXCITING MISSIOLOGY IN SOUTH AFRICA: TRENDS AND TRAJECTORIES
Authors: Mangayi Lukwikilu , Baron Eugene
Published: February 2021

Missiology as a theological discipline is dynamic and forever evolving. This dynamism can be observed through trends and trajectories in biblical, theological, and contextual hermeneutics. The authors of this article, by means of literature analysis, scrutinise contributions of some retiring and retired South African missiologists to unearth trends and trajectories in biblical, missiological, and contextual hermeneutics prevalent in South Africa. The authors used the data analysis programme Atlas.ti with a focus on the current four pertinent questions in missiology: What is mission? How should we do mission? What are the goals of mission? What are the contextual issues of mission today and in the near future? The findings reveal interesting trends and trajectories, and points of divergence and similarities, and because of the dynamic nature of missiology, current emerging and established missiologists should continue to shape the future trends and trajectories.
Sustainable Intensification among Smallholder Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Farms in Karoi, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mauswa Concilia , Mupaso Norman
Published: February 2021

The study’s aim was to determine socioeconomic factors that influence sustainable intensification amongst smallholder tobacco farms in Karoi district, Zimbabwe. The study was conducted during the period November 2018 to February 2019. A descriptive approach was used in the study. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The main aspects measured by the questionnaire were household demographic characteristics, assets owned, livestock ownership, income and expenditure, agricultural production and marketing information. A sample of 91 respondents was chosen using the stratified random sampling technique, with the strata being the four wards in Karoi district. Descriptive statistics together with a multivariate regression model were used to analyse the determinants of sustainable intensification among the smallholder tobacco farms. The main findings suggested a significant relationship between sustainable intensification and use of improved seed (P=.01), household-head age (P=.1), household wealth index (P=.01) and distance to the nearest market (P=.01). Based on the findings, the study recommends that agricultural policy strategies should focus on provision of incentives that encourage the smallholder tobacco farmers to adopt environmentally friendly farming practices. Such strategies include, availing agricultural market-places close to the smallholder tobacco farms. Furthermore, the government must support farmers to acquire productive assets so as to enhance their household wealth index, which will eventually lead to sustainable intensification on smallholder tobacco  farms.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) among Women in an Urban City in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Iwuoha Ejiro C. , Ekeleme Ngozi C. , Uche Chika L.
Published: February 2021

Background: Early diagnosis of breast cancer has been associated with better outcomes in diagnosed cases. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an inexpensive but effective method of identifying breast masses that may be cancerous.

Objectives: To identify the knowledge, attitude and practice of BSE among women in Abia State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 415 women in Aba, a commercial city in Abia State. Pretested questionnaires were administered on women who consented to participate in the study. Analysis of data was done using IBM SPSS Version 20.

Results: The mean age of the 415 participants was 36.7±9.9 years. About 9% of respondents had a positive family history of breast cancer. Majority of the women; 76% (331) had heard of BSE with highest (34%) source of information being radio and television. While 67.5% knew how to do BSE, only 32% knew the right frequency for performing BSE. Though majority of women agreed that it was necessary to see a doctor for breast examination; only 39% had done so previously while 54% felt having a doctor examine their breast would be embarrassing. Only 28% of the women had practiced BSE in the past. Reasons given for not practicing BSE were lack of knowledge and forgetfulness.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated high knowledge and good attitude but poor practice of BSE.
Complications of Prostate Biopsy: A Prospective, Single-institution Study
Authors: Antoine Colette M. , Morrison Belinda F. , Brooks Michael E.
Published: February 2021

Aims:  This study aimed to determine the prevalence rates of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy-related complications among patients receiving treatment at the large tertiary-care urology clinic of Kingston Public Hospital (KPH), Jamaica.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Place and Duration of Study: Kingston Public Hospital (KPH), Jamaica from July 2018 to April 2019.

Methodology: Our study population included men who underwent prostate biopsy at KPH. Data on demographics and clinical characteristics were collected using purpose-designed questionnaires from consenting patients who underwent prostate biopsy during the stated period. Patients were then followed up for complications 30 days post biopsy. Details regarding hospitalization due to biopsy-related complications were obtained from the medical records.

Results: Data from 185 men were included in the final analysis. Among the patients biopsied, 49% were diagnosed with prostate cancer, while 72% experienced at least one complication, mainly non-infectious complications such as hematuria (46%), lower urinary tract symptoms (24%), rectal bleeding (23%), hematospermia (9%), and urinary retention (16%). Overall, a 15% risk of developing infectious complications was observed, with 9% experiencing fever and 3% experiencing both urinary tract infection and epididymo-orchitis. Our data showed a 6% hospitalization rate within 30 days, with all available records suggesting infectious complications. One death from a prostatic abscess was noted. The present study showed that most prostate biopsy complications were minor. Moreover, although bleeding and infectious complications as well as hospitalization rates were consistent with those reported in larger series, our population experienced a slightly higher mortality and urinary retention rate.

Conclusion: Overall, our results showed that prostate biopsies performed within our institution are generally safe and well tolerated. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to determine whether morbidity of the procedure remains acceptable.
Upgrading Die Attach Epoxy Dispensing Mechanism
Authors: Capili Michael D.
Published: February 2021

This research paper addressed how to improve the Die Attach Pneumatic Time-Pressure Dispensing Valve. Different assessment and statistical validation comparing the efficiency of the Pneumatic Time-Pressure Dispensing Valve and Dispensing Volume Reduction. The Musashi Super Ʃ CMIII Dispenser with Sigma function controller provides more choices for regulating the volume of dispensing, since the residual material in the syringe decreases, and can be a more suitable method for dispensing glue. The consistency of the glue volume will be more consistent after the implementation of this update. This controller has the option to compensate for pressure and vacuum as the remaining fluid in the syringe decreases. The Musashi dispenser controller is equipped with an empty syringe detection system. As the remaining adhesive, this will avoid variations in dispensed volume.
Finite Element Analyses of Automobile Crankshaft Using ANSYS
Authors: Souiyah Miloud
Published: February 2021

Finite Element Method (FEM) of failure analysis was developed on automobile crankshaft, to determine the stress distribution and the fatigue life, by using ANSYS software. Further, an analytical analysis is applied, Measure the crankshaft stress life. A study was performed on some of the Honda CR-V engine components, specifically are crankshaft, the connecting rod, and the piston.  Upon the finite element analysis, it was found that the fillet areas of the crankshaft are the most critical locations where high stresses were generated in these areas. Moreover, with/without considering torsional force acting on the crankshaft does not appear to have any major effects on the stress experience by the crankshaft. In addition, the location where the crack initiated, and fatigue failure starts is located at one of the crankpin journal fillet areas. Indeed, the crankshaft critical areas are mostly affected by uniaxial stress. Moreover, the prediction of the crankshaft fatigue life by using the strain-life theory gives the overall most conservative fatigue life results.
Human Resource Management Practices, Organisation Citizenship Behaviour and Turnover Intentions in Public Universities: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction
Authors: Tumwesigye Godfrey , Onen David , Musaazi John C. S.
Published: February 2021

Aims: The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationships between human resource management practices (HRMPs) and employee outcomes of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and turnover intentions among employees of Public Universities in Uganda, mediated by job satisfaction.

Design/Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional, quantitative approach. A sample of 479 academic and non-academic staff was drawn from three public universities in Uganda. SPSS (v20) and AMOS (v20) were used to conduct correlation and structural equation modelling techniques to test the hypotheses.

Results: The results show that job satisfaction is positively related with HRMPs (β =.588, p<.001). The results also show that OCB is positively related to HRMPs (β =.226 p<.01) and job satisfaction (β =.210; p<.01) while turnover intention is negatively influenced by HRM practices (β = -.124, p<.05). The results further show that job satisfaction partially mediates the positive relationship between HRMPs and OCB. Job satisfaction also partially mediates the negative relationship between HRMPs and turnover intentions. This study contributes to the HRM body of knowledge by finding further support for the mediation effects of job satisfaction on the relationships between HRMPs and OCB and between HRMPs and turnover intentions in public universities in Uganda.

Conclusion: The implication of this study is that in order to boost OCB and reduce turnover intentions among employees of public universities in Uganda, managers should employ HRMPs practices that lead to job satisfaction. Limitations and directions for future research are outlined.
1968 E NÓS: crise de representação e movimentos sociais
Authors: Pietro Siracusa Gabriel
Published: February 2021

O artigo busca examinar o movimento conhecido como “coletes amarelos”, ocorrido na França, em seus desenvolvimentos e principais reivindicações expostas até janeiro de 2019. Primeiramente, realiza-se uma discussão teórica acerca da crise da democracia representativa, buscando ligar o movimento que teve início em 2018 àqueles que ocorreram 50 anos atrás, em maio de 1968. Nesse sentido, procura-se estabelecer uma linha de continuidade entre movimentos que exigem uma real democratização do poder. Em segundo lugar, tenta-se destacar as possíveis contribuições do movimento dos coletes amarelos à uma concepção de ciência política e de democracia mais aberta e plural.

Palavras-Chave: Democracia Representativa; Movimentos Sociais; Coletes Amarelos; Multidão; Momento Populista

 

1968 ET NOUS: la crise de représentation et les mouvements sociaux

ABSTRACT

This article examines the movement known as “yellow jackets”, occurred in France, considering its main developments and demands until January 2019. The argument is first developed through a theoretical discussion about the crisis of representative democracy, intending to connect the movement that began in 2018 to those that occurred 50 years ago, in May 1968. In this regard, I searched to establish a line of continuity between those movements that demand a real democratization of power. In second place, the article highlights some possible contributions from the yellow jackets movement to a more open and plural conception of democracy and political science.

Key words: Representative Democracy; Social Movements; Yellow Jackets; Multitude; Populist Moment

1968 AND US: crisis of representation and social movements

ABSTRACT

L’article examine les principaux développements et demandes du mouvement connu sous le nom de « Gilets Jaunes », apparu en France, jusqu’au Janvier 2019. L’argument est développé premièrement par une discussion théorique sur la crise de la démocratie représentative en reliant le mouvement commencé en 2018 avec lesquels qui se sont passés il y a 50 années, en mai 1968. À cet égard, on cherche établir une ligne de continuité entre ces mouvements qui demandent une réelle démocratisation du pouvoir. Ensuite, l’article souligne quelques possibles contributions des Gilets Jaunes à une conception plus ouvert et pluriel de démocratie et de science politique.

Key words: Démocratie Représentative; Mouvements Sociaux; Gilets Jaunes; Multitude; Moment Populiste.
Observation of arenavirus nucleoprotein heptamer assembly
Authors: Papageorgiou Nicolas , Vaitsopoulou Afroditi , Diop Awa , Nguyen Thi Hong Van , Canard Bruno , Alvarez Karine , Ferron François
Published: February 2021

Arenaviruses are enveloped viruses containing a segmented, negative, and ambisense single‐stranded RNA genome wrapped with a nucleoprotein (NP). The NP is the most abundant viral protein in infected cells and plays a critical role in both replication/transcription and virion assembly. The NP associates with RNA to form a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, and this implies self‐assembly while the exact structure of this polymer is not yet known. Here, we report a measurement of the full‐length Mopeia virus NP by negative stain transmission electron microscopy. We observed RNP complex particles with diameter 15 ± 1 nm as well as symmetric circular heptamers of the same diameter, consistent with previous observations.
Predictors of Initial Hydroxychloroquine Receipt Among Medicaid Beneficiaries With Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Pryor Katherine P. , Xu Chang , Collins Jamie E. , Costenbader Karen H. , Feldman Candace H.
Published: February 2021

Objective

Although hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (HCQ/CQ) form the cornerstone of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment, not all patients receive this, which may contribute to disparities in outcomes. The present study was undertaken to investigate factors associated with first dispensing of HCQ/CQ.

Methods

Using Medicaid insurance claims from 2000 to 2010, we identified individuals ages 18–65 years with incident SLE (≥3 SLE International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes separated by ≥30 days without prior SLE codes or HCQ/CQ use for 24 months). The primary outcome was first dispensing of HCQ/CQ within 24 months of the first SLE code. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine the association between sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, health care utilization, and medication use and HCQ/CQ dispensing within 24 months of diagnosis.

Results

We identified 9,560 Medicaid beneficiaries with incident SLE; 41% received HCQ (n = 3,949) or CQ (n = 14) within 24 months of diagnosis. Younger patients were more likely to receive HCQ/CQ. Black, Asian, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaska Native individuals were more likely to receive HCQ/CQ than White individuals. Alcohol and nicotine use, chronic pain, diabetes mellitus, and end‐stage renal disease were associated with lower dispensing. Appointments and preventive care services were associated with higher rates, and more hospitalizations with lower rates.

Conclusion

Only 41% of Medicaid beneficiaries with SLE received HCQ/CQ within 24 months of diagnosis. Greater outpatient and preventive care increased receipt. All non‐White race/ethnicities had higher rates of first dispensing. Time to initial HCQ/CQ dispensing may not explain racial/ethnic disparities in adverse outcomes, highlighting the need to consider other care quality‐related issues and medication adherence challenges.
New MIT startup makes virtual conferencing more appealing
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2021

Conference season is back, and for many of us it's been a full year of virtual‐only conferences. This has been difficult for an event based on human contact, but count on an MIT startup — called Gather — to figure out how to deal with the situation — beyond talking heads.
High‐Performance Aqueous Na–Zn Hybrid Ion Battery Boosted by “Water‐In‐Gel” Electrolyte
Authors: Pan Wending , Wang Yifei , Zhao Xiaolong , Zhao Yan , Liu Xinhua , Xuan Jin , Wang Huizhi , Leung Dennis Yiu Cheong
Published: February 2021

Aqueous hybrid Na–Zn ion batteries (ASZIBs) are promising for large‐scale energy storage due to their low cost and potential for high output voltage. However, most ASZIBs show limited discharge voltage (<2.0 V) and capacity (<100 mAh g–1) due to inefficient usage of the dual ions. In this study, a novel large‐electrochemical‐window “water‐in‐gel” electrolyte based CuHCF‐CNT/Zn Na–Zn hybrid battery is proposed, which achieves a high extraction voltage of Na ion (2.1 V vs Zn/Zn2+), together with a large discharge specific capacity (260 mAh g–1) thanks to the Zn‐ion insertion, delivering a superior energy density of 440 Wh kg–1. The hybrid battery also shows a high capacity retention of 96.8% after 450 cycles. Moreover, an ultrahigh discharge capacity of 1250 mAh g–1 is achieved when further coupled with the Zn‐O2 reaction, delivering the promising application of ion intercalation and metal–air hybrid battery.
Delivery Techniques for Enhancing CAR T Cell Therapy against Solid Tumors
Authors: Fu Ruxing , Li Hongjun , Li Ruoxin , McGrath Kyle , Dotti Gianpietro , Gu Zhen
Published: February 2021

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells exhibit promising results for cancer immunotherapy. However, the clinical success is still restricted to certain types of blood cancers, while in solid tumors the clinical activity is modest and potential toxicities remain a concern. There are various barriers that prevent CAR T cells from combating solid tumors. Therefore, distinct strategies have been explored to augment CAR T cell proliferative capacity, persistence, and effector function. Altering the tumor microenvironment, and in particular its physiochemical properties and immunosuppressive milieu, is of great significance to facilitate CAR T cell therapy. In this article, emerging strategies implemented to overcome the barriers of CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors are reviewed. Enhancing infiltration, activation, and persistence of CAR T cells has been addressed in several preclinical models. The future development of this field to promote innovation and clinical translation is also discussed.
Achieving Stable Molybdenum Oxide Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries in Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Lei , Yan Shan , Quilty Calvin D. , Kuang Jason , Dunkin Mikaela R. , Ehrlich Steven N. , Ma Lu , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Marschilok Amy C.
Published: February 2021

Layered MoO3 represents a promising cathode for aqueous rechargeable Zn‐ion batteries, but the implementation of this material is limited due to the low conductivity and poor structural stability. A 30 m ZnCl2 water‐in‐salt electrolyte (WISE) is introduced to a MoO3 nanobelt cathode for the first time, significantly increasing the stability of MoO3 cathodes compared to those in 3 m ZnSO4 and 3 m ZnCl2. The Zn/MoO3 cell in WISE unambiguously demonstrate significantly improved rate performance delivering 349, 253, and 222 mAh g−1 at 100, 500, and 1000 mA g−1, denoting a 12× capacity increase of those achieved in 3 m electrolytes at 1000 mA g−1. A capacity retention rate of 73% is achieved after (dis)charging at 100 mA g−1 for 100 cycles, and no obvious capacity fading is observed at higher current densities of 500 mA g−1 and 2 A g−1. Specifically, the data suggest that the drastic fading in 3 m electrolytes can be attributed to the parasitic surface deposits on Zn originated from Mo dissolution and H2 formation due to Zn corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction, which are significantly suppressed in the WISE. The direct visualization of these side reactions is achieved for the first time in the Zn‐MoO3 system, using an in situ optoelectrochemical measurement.
Recent Advancements in Development of Wearable Gas Sensors
Authors: Bag Atanu , Lee Nae‐Eung
Published: February 2021

In the era of the Internet of Things, wearable technologies are expected to become an indispensable part of daily life. In recent times, highly sensitive, flexible, and stretchable electronic gas sensors are gaining tremendous interest due to their applicability in wearable electronics applications. The construction of wearable gas sensors are reviewed for real‐time, highly sensitive, and selective detection of hazardous gases at room temperature (RT) that can be laminated onto a human body or integrated with body‐worn textile or other consumer products, utilizing carbon nanomaterials, conductive polymers, 2D nanostructured materials, and their composites. Sensing materials, transduction techniques, and substrates for high‐performance wearable gas sensing are discussed in detail. The critical challenges for future development of wearable gas sensors are presented. Wearable gas sensors are believed to have great potential in environmental monitoring, healthcare, public safety, security, as well as food quality monitoring.
MCaHxF3−x (M = Rb, Cs): Synthesis, Structure, and Bright, Site‐Sensitive Tunable Eu2+ Luminescence
Authors: Mutschke Alexander , Wylezich Thomas , Sontakke Atul D. , Meijerink Andries , Hoelzel Markus , Kunkel Nathalie
Published: February 2021

With increasing interest in mixed‐anionic hydrides, a number of interesting properties have been reported. Here, the structural and optical properties of (Eu2+‐doped) MCaH3–MCaF3 (M = Rb, Cs) are investigated. For M = Rb, a complete hydride–fluoride solid solution series is found and for M = Cs, the known solid solution series (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.70) can be extended to x = 3. In case of Cs, a very bright luminescence emission is observed in Eu2+‐doped samples, whereas the luminescence is fairly weak in Rb based compounds. With increasing hydride content, a shift of the emission color from cyan‐green to red can be observed. In contrast to earlier reports for mixed fluoride–hydride host, the redshift is not a gradual shift of a single broad emission band, but the appearance of new narrow emission bands on the low energy side, which are assigned to the occupation of sites with higher hydride content. Consequently, this finding represents the first example in a mixed anionic hydride with a site‐sensitive emission for sites with locally varying hydride content in the first coordination sphere and may serve as a general example for emission color tuning taking advantage of mixed‐anionic compounds.