bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of lipid peroxidation and antiapoptotic effects of zinc aganist liver damage in diabetic rats
Authors: Tunçdemir M , Ertürküner SP , Özçelik D
Published: September 2016

Several mechanisms for the pathogenesis of diabetic complications have been proposed, one of which is abnormal zinc (Zn) homeostasis. Zn is necessary for proper liver function since it has important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. We aimed to investigate whether or not Zn has morphologically protective effect on diabetes-induced liver damage in rats. In addition, we have investigated the role of Zn supplementation on apoptosis, lipid peroxidation levels, and the distribution of metallothionein (MT) in diabetic liver tissue. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, Zn, diabetic, and Zn-diabetic group. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single-dose streptozotocin intraperitoneally and Zn was administrated via gastric gavage tube for 6 weeks. MT expressions were showed with immunohistochemical staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay was used for apoptosis. Also, Zn, MT, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in liver of rats. MDA levels of the Zn-supplemented diabetic group was less than the diabetic group though MT levels were increased. The number of apoptotic cells per unit area was found to be significantly decreased in this group. In the Zn-supplemented diabetic group, fibrotic tissue density and the collagen tissue density were observed less than the diabetic group. MT immunoreactivity was observed less in Zn-supplemented diabetic group. In conculusion, the present study indicated that Zn has a potential in preventing or even repairing effect against diabetic damage of the liver cells by increasing expression of MT and by reducing the apoptotic cell death and the oxidative stress.
Living together as equals: Linguistic justice and sharing the public sphere in multilingual settings
Authors: Morales-Gálvez Sergi
Published: September 2016

It is usually thought that a shared public sphere is a prerequisite of any democratic regime, where citizens can deliberate and act according to their duty to carry out justice. This prerequisite, however, can be complicated due to linguistic diversity. Until recently, the literature on linguistic justice has primarily focused on how to achieve just linguistic regimes in compound (i.e. federal) multilingual states, granting some kind of linguistic and political autonomy through the territorial division of the state. But what actually happens inside the territories? This paper deals with linguistic diversity and the establishment and maintenance of a shared public sphere in political communities in which territorial divisions are not possible because the linguistic communities are intermingled. I argue that linguistic justice, with the aim of creating the conditions that maximize the incentives to share the public sphere, would be achieved if, and only if, two principles were reached: (1) the equal recognition of all the host language groups of the political community and (2) the non-segregation of people for reasons of language. Although the relation between the principles can be problematic, I argue that they can be fitted into a linguistic theory of justice named ‘Multilingual Convergence’.
Dilemmas of transgression: ethical responses in a more-than-human world
Authors: Carter Jennifer , Palmer Jane
Published: September 2016

To transgress is ‘to do something that is not allowed’; in a human-constructed world, animals, especially those seen as ‘incompanionate’, are often deemed to be doing something not allowed. We explore the ethical dilemmas of ‘transgression’ in the context of critical reflection on an instructive example of dingo–human relations on Fraser Island, Australia, which has incited ongoing debate from diverse publics about the killing of ‘problem’ dingoes. We outline the historical and ethical complexity of such relations and suggest that human–nonhuman encounters, direct or indirect, have the potential to produce new, less anthropocentric topologies in which transgression is reconstructed, and humans and animals can share space more equitably. The kind of knowledge and ethical re-positioning beginning to emerge in dingo–human relations suggests transgression itself as a metaphor for its further re-imagining: a disruption of spatial, emotional and ethical boundaries to shape more responsive, respectful and less anthropocentric topologies.
Characterization of delamination-type damages in composite laminates using guided wave visualization and air-coupled ultrasound
Authors: Panda Rabi S , Rajagopal Prabhu , Balasubramaniam Krishnan
Published: September 2016

This article reports on the characterization of delamination damages in composite laminates using wave visualization method. A combination of plate-guided ultrasound and air-coupled ultrasonics is used to locate and visualize delaminations. The study focuses on the physics of Lamb wave propagation and interaction with delaminations at various through-thickness locations and positions. Three-dimensional finite element simulations are used to study, in detail, the changes in wave features such as mode velocity, wavelength and wave refraction in the delamination region. These wave features provide information on the location, position and orientation of the delamination. These studies are validated by experimental measurements. The influence of position of source and delamination on wave refraction in the delamination region is examined. This method also correlates the results obtained from experiments and finite element simulations to theoretical dispersion curves in order to distinctly determine the delamination location.
The effects of induced variability in the performance on shot in soccer
Authors: García-Herrero JA , Sanchez-Sanchez J , Luis-Pereira JM , Menayo R
Published: September 2016

The effects of induced variability in the improvement on shot at goal in soccer were examined. The hypothesis tested was that induced variability would be more beneficial for performance than repetition practice; 20 young soccer players ( N = 20) trained with induced variability, and 21 ( N = 21) trained with repetition method. Accuracy and ball speed were analyzed in three moments: pre-test, post-test carried out after 10 training sessions and re-test, applied at short term (one week). The induced variability group improved the accuracy on post-test ( p = 0.005) and re-test ( p = 0.0001). The repetition training group improved the accuracy on re-test ( p = 0.0001). The ball speed increased in both groups on post-test and re-test ( p = 0.0001). The induced variability improves the accuracy of the kicks at end of training, and short term after periods without practice. The repetition practice is effective to perform after no practice time only. The practice in both conditions leads to an increase in the ball speed at end of training as after periods without practice.
Simulation in shoulder surgery
Authors: Colaço Henry B , Tennent Duncan
Published: September 2016

Simulation is a rapidly developing field in medical education. There is a growing need for trainee surgeons to acquire surgical skills in a cost-effective learning environment to improve patient safety and compensate for a reduction in training time and operative experience. Although simulation is not a replacement for traditional models of surgical training, and robust assessment metrics need to be validated before widespread use for accreditation, it is a useful adjunct that may ultimately lead to improving surgical outcomes for our patients.
Formation of Teachers as Leaders
Authors: Frick William C. , Browne-Ferrigno Tricia
Published: September 2016

This article contains a response to three manuscripts that are part of the JRLE special issue entitled Developing and Empowering Teacher Leaders for Collective Leadership. Discussion of the articles, lessons learned, and implications for teacher leadership development are discussed.
Transcutaneous bilirubin measurement to estimate serum bilirubin in neonates in a multi-ethnic cohort: a literature review
Authors: Moey Peter Kirm Seng
Published: September 2016

Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is common in Singapore and is usually monitored with serum bilirubin (SB). This paper reviews literature on the accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurement compared to SB to monitor jaundice in neonates of major ethnic groups of Singapore, i.e. Chinese, Malay, and Indian. 15 studies with Chinese babies, 5 with Malay babies, and 15 with Indian babies were identified (total of 28 articles, some with more than one race). Correlation coefficient is good for all three races. Chest is a better site for TcB measurement than forehead, though both are good. Infants with TcB levels more than 160–200 μmol/L should have SB checked. While post-phototherapy infants may benefit from TcB 24 hours after cessation of phototherapy, more needs to be done to ascertain its usefulness. Premature babies should have SB measurements. TcB measurement is suitable to monitor NNJ in term and healthy Chinese, Malay, and Indian babies.
Does listening to music during flexible cystoscopy and bladder biopsy decrease patient’s pain?
Authors: Falavolti Cristina , Sergi Federico , Petitti Tommasangelo , Buscarini Maurizio
Published: September 2016

Aim:

The aim of this study was to demonstrate that listening to music during flexible cystoscopy and cold cup biopsy decreases patient pain.

Materials and methods:

We analysed 100 patients who underwent flexible cystoscopy plus at least one cold cup biopsy (50 control patients without music and 50 patients with classical music). Before cystoscopy, these patients were tested for urinary analysis and culture, and then they received the same local anaesthesia. Hemodynamic values were also collected for each patient. After the procedure, the visual analog scale (VAS) of 0–10 and the numeric pain intensity scale (NRS) were used to report the patient’s pain during the cystoscopy.

Results:

Both groups were similar with regards to the reasons for undergoing cystoscopy. Group 1 patients (no music controls) reported higher values of VAS and NRS, compared to patients in Group 2 (classical music; p < 0.001). No significant differences were detected between the two groups regarding hemodynamic parameters.

Conclusions:

In our experience, music significantly reduced feelings of pain.
Endoscopic Extra-articular Surgical Removal of Heterotopic Ossification of the Rectus Femoris Tendon in a Series of Athletes
Authors: Comba Fernando , Piuzzi Nicolás S. , Oñativia José Ignacio , Zanotti Gerardo , Buttaro Martín , Piccaluga Francisco
Published: September 2016

Background:

Calcific deposits in tendon, muscles, and periarticular areas are very common. Heterotopic ossification of the rectus femoris (HORF) is a rare condition, and several theories exist regarding the etiopathogenesis, which appears to be multifactorial with traumatic, genetic, and local metabolic factors involved. Although HORF typically responds to nonoperative treatment, when this approach fails, endoscopic treatment is a minimally invasive technique to address the pathology.

Purpose:

To report the clinical and radiological outcomes of 9 athletes with HORF who underwent endoscopic resection.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Nine male athletes were treated with endoscopic extra-articular resection of HORF after failure of a 6-month course of nonoperative treatment. All patients were studied with radiographs, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Outcomes were assessed clinically using the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), a visual analog scale for sport activity–related pain (VAS-SRP), patient satisfaction, and ability and time to return to the preoperative sport level. Radiographic assessment was performed to determine recurrence.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 32 years (range, 23-47 years). Mean follow-up was 44 months (range, 14-73 months). All patients had improved mHHS scores from a mean preoperative of 65.6 (SD, 8.2) to 93.9 (SD, 3.6). Pain decreased from a mean 8.2 preoperatively (SD, 0.9) to 0.4 (SD, 0.7) at last follow-up. There were no complications, and all patients were able to return to their previous sports at the same level except for 1 recreational athlete. There was only 1 radiological recurrence at last follow-up in an asymptomatic patient.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the largest case series of athletes with HORF treated with endoscopic resection. We found this extra-articular endoscopic technique to be safe and effective, showing clinical outcome improvement and 90% chance of return to full activity. We also found 10% recurrence rate of asymptomatic heterotopic ossification.
From the Arab Spring to the Damascus Winter: The United States, Russia, and the New Cold War
Authors: Perra Antonio
Published: September 2016

As the war in Syria tragically approaches its fifth anniversary, more and more concerns are emerging around questions surrounding the extent and the scope of military involvement of foreign powers, which are crystallizing the feeling that the real objectives and interests at stake in the current Syrian War extend well beyond the Middle East. Intertwining the story of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (The ISIS) rise to power with the US foreign policy toward the Assad government and the renewed tensions between Russia and the United States, this article examines the implications of the current regional conflict for the international balance of power and for the prospect of democracy in Syria.
First-generation Disadvantage and College Enrollment/Completion
Authors: Wilbur Tabitha G. , Roscigno Vincent J.
Published: September 2016

There are large inequalities in who enrolls in four-year collegiate programs, who finishes, and why. In this article, we draw on several waves of the Educational Longitudinal Study, explore family disadvantages, and uniquely highlight challenges first-generation students face. Family resources, cultural capital, and college-focused parental actions and their consequences for high school achievement explain most of the college attendance disadvantage. Inequalities in college completion, however, are notably also explained by disparate stressors, the need to work, and limited social/curricular integration while in college. We discuss these patterns and what they reveal about inequality and the limitations of contemporary college access.
Association between poststroke epilepsy and death: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Zelano Johan , Redfors Petra , Åsberg Signild , Kumlien Eva
Published: September 2016

Introduction

Poststroke epilepsy (PSE) is the most common form of acquired epilepsy after middle age. The primary aim of this study was to study the impact of PSE on prognosis. A secondary aim was to validate recent findings from smaller studies on the risk of developing PSE on a nationwide scale.

Patients and methods

We performed a nationwide cohort study based on comprehensive national registries and included patients without a prior epilepsy diagnosis surviving more than 2 months after stroke, identified by the Swedish Stroke Register (Riksstroke) and linked to the National Patient Register and Cause of Death Register. Cox proportional time-updated hazard model was used to assess the risk of death, with or without multivariable adjustment for possible confounders, and multiple Cox regression was used to examine associations between PSE and clinical characteristics.

Results

In 106,455 patients, PSE (defined as a seizure diagnosis more than 7 days after stroke) was detected in 7.3%, with lower cumulative incidence after ischemic stroke (6.4%) than after intracerebral haemorrhage (12.4%). Stroke severity, intracerebral haemorrhage and young age were associated with a risk of PSE. The risk of death was increased in patients with PSE (hazard ratio: 1.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.25–1.53). Also with adjustments for age, comorbidities and stroke severity, an increased risk of death associated with PSE remained.

Discussion

Studies are needed on potential causes of increased mortality in PSE, such as a direct seizure-related mortality, less ambitious secondary stroke prophylaxis or rehabilitation, or impact of antiepileptic drugs on cardiovascular risk.
Sonographic Diagnosis of Perihepatic Abscess From Dropped Appendicolith
Authors: Hovis Keegan K. , Jeffrey R. Brooke
Published: September 2016

Appendicitis is a common pathology most often caused by an appendicolith. Laparoscopic appendectomy has become the standard operative approach, but it has a higher risk of retained appendicoliths than open laparotomies. This report describes a case of a perihepatic abscess due to a retained appendicolith following laparoscopic intervention. The abscess was successfully drained and the appendicolith retrieved percutaneously under fluoroscopic guidance. A literature review and discussion about retained appendicoliths are provided as points for diagnostic consideration.
Platelet WDR1 suppresses platelet activity and is associated with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Montenont Emilie , Echagarruga Christina , Allen Nicole , Araldi Elisa , Suarez Yajaira , Berger Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2016

Key Points

Platelet transcription of WDR1 suppresses platelet activity. Reduced transcription of WDR1 in platelets may be a link between elevated platelet activity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Comparative analysis of housekeeping and tissue-specific driver nodes in human protein interaction networks
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Fei , Ou-Yang Le , Dai Dao-Qing , Wu Meng-Yun , Zhu Yuan , Yan Hong
Published: September 2016

Background

Several recent studies have used the Minimum Dominating Set (MDS) model to identify driver nodes, which provide the control of the underlying networks, in protein interaction networks. There may exist multiple MDS configurations in a given network, thus it is difficult to determine which one represents the real set of driver nodes. Because these previous studies only focus on static networks and ignore the contextual information on particular tissues, their findings could be insufficient or even be misleading.

Results

In this study, we develop a Collective-Influence-corrected Minimum Dominating Set (CI-MDS) model which takes into account the collective influence of proteins. By integrating molecular expression profiles and static protein interactions, 16 tissue-specific networks are established as well. We then apply the CI-MDS model to each tissue-specific network to detect MDS proteins. It generates almost the same MDSs when it is solved using different optimization algorithms. In addition, we classify MDS proteins into Tissue-Specific MDS (TS-MDS) proteins and HouseKeeping MDS (HK-MDS) proteins based on the number of tissues in which they are expressed and identified as MDS proteins. Notably, we find that TS-MDS proteins and HK-MDS proteins have significantly different topological and functional properties. HK-MDS proteins are more central in protein interaction networks, associated with more functions, evolving more slowly and subjected to a greater number of post-translational modifications than TS-MDS proteins. Unlike TS-MDS proteins, HK-MDS proteins significantly correspond to essential genes, ageing genes, virus-targeted proteins, transcription factors and protein kinases. Moreover, we find that besides HK-MDS proteins, many TS-MDS proteins are also linked to disease related genes, suggesting the tissue specificity of human diseases. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis reveals that HK-MDS proteins carry out universally necessary biological processes and TS-MDS proteins usually involve in tissue-dependent functions.

Conclusions

Our study uncovers key features of TS-MDS proteins and HK-MDS proteins, and is a step forward towards a better understanding of the controllability of human interactomes.
A proteomic analysis of chondrogenic, osteogenic and tenogenic constructs from ageing mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Peffers Mandy J. , Collins John , Loughlin John , Proctor Carole , Clegg Peter D.
Published: September 2016

Background

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have prospective applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering but to what extent phenotype and differentiation capacity alter with ageing is uncertain. Consequently, any loss in functionality with age would have profound consequences for the maintenance of tissue viability and the quality of tissues. Proteomics enables the set of proteins responsible for a particular cell phenotype to be identified, as well as enabling insights into mechanisms responsible for age-related alterations in musculoskeletal tissues. Few proteomic studies have been undertaken regarding age-related effects on tissue engineered into cartilage and bone, and none for tendon. This study provides a proteome inventory for chondrogenic, osteogenic and tenogenic constructs synthesised from human MSCs, and elucidates proteomic alterations as a consequence of donor age.

Methods

Human bone-marrow derived MSCs from young (n = 4, 21.8 years ± 2.4SD) and old (n = 4, 65.5 years ± 8.3SD) donors were used to make chondrogenic, osteogenic and tenogenic tissue-engineered constructs. We utilised an analytical method relying on extracted peptide intensities as a label-free approach for peptide quantitation by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results were validated using western blotting.

Results

We identified proteins that were differentially expressed with ageing; 128 proteins in chondrogenic constructs, 207 in tenogenic constructs and four in osteogenic constructs. Differentially regulated proteins were subjected to bioinformatic analysis to ascertain their molecular functions and the signalling pathways. For all construct types, age-affected proteins were involved in altered cell survival and death, and antioxidant and cytoskeletal changes. Energy and protein metabolism were the principle pathways affected in tenogenic constructs, whereas lipid metabolism was strongly affected in chondrogenic constructs and mitochondrial dysfunction in osteogenic constructs.

Conclusions

Our results imply that further work on MSC-based therapeutics for the older population needs to focus on oxidative stress protection. The differentially regulated proteome characterised by this study can potentially guide translational research specifically aimed at effective clinical interventions.
Advances in biodiversity: metagenomics and the unveiling of biological dark matter
Authors: Robbins Robert J. , Krishtalka Leonard , Wooley John C.
Published: September 2016

Background

Efforts to harmonize genomic data standards used by the biodiversity and metagenomic research communities have shown that prokaryotic data cannot be understood or represented in a traditional, classical biological context for conceptual reasons, not technical ones.

Results

Biology, like physics, has a fundamental duality—the classical macroscale eukaryotic realm vs. the quantum microscale microbial realm—with the two realms differing profoundly, and counter-intuitively, from one another. Just as classical physics is emergent from and cannot explain the microscale realm of quantum physics, so classical biology is emergent from and cannot explain the microscale realm of prokaryotic life. Classical biology describes the familiar, macroscale realm of multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms, which constitute a highly derived and constrained evolutionary subset of the biosphere, unrepresentative of the vast, mostly unseen, microbial world of prokaryotic life that comprises at least half of the planet’s biomass and most of its genetic diversity. The two realms occupy fundamentally different mega-niches: eukaryotes interact primarily mechanically with the environment, prokaryotes primarily physiologically. Further, many foundational tenets of classical biology simply do not apply to prokaryotic biology.

Conclusions

Classical genetics one held that genes, arranged on chromosomes like beads on a string, were the fundamental units of mutation, recombination, and heredity. Then, molecular analysis showed that there were no fundamental units, no beads, no string. Similarly, classical biology asserts that individual organisms and species are fundamental units of ecology, evolution, and biodiversity, composing an evolutionary history of objectively real, lineage-defined groups in a single-rooted tree of life. Now, metagenomic tools are forcing a recognition that there are no completely objective individuals, no unique lineages, and no one true tree. The newly revealed biosphere of microbial dark matter cannot be understood merely by extending the concepts and methods of eukaryotic macrobiology. The unveiling of biological dark matter is allowing us to see, for the first time, the diversity of the entire biosphere and, to paraphrase Darwin, is providing a new view of life. Advancing and understanding that view will require major revisions to some of the most fundamental concepts and theories in biology.
Implicit Faith and Reformations of Habit
Authors: Picciotto Joanna
Published: September 2016

In post-Reformation England, intense pressures on belief produced sophisticated theorizations of habitual assent and of habit itself. These have been largely overlooked by scholarship on the Reformation because of its fixation on doctrine and confessional identity—the very obsession this scholarship imputes to its subjects. Implicit faith emerges again and again in these theorizations not just as a menace to, but also a condition of, strong belief. Nor is this a local phenomenon: examples are drawn from a wide doctrinal and chronological range (William Perkins, Godfrey Goodman, John Milton, John Wesley). There is evidence of a parallel development in scientific circles, as practitioners like Robert Boyle reflected on the necessary role of implicit faith in the collective production of knowledge, a project to which the ideal image of the self-determining individual, inwardly persuaded by testimony, was not finally adequate. Recent critiques of the Reformation by such writers as Brad Gregory and Jennifer Herdt have thus underestimated the extent to which their critiques were immanently produced within Protestantism itself.
Brad Gregory's Unintended Revelations
Authors: Simpson James
Published: September 2016

Brad Gregory's The Unintended Reformation is an extraordinary book. Brad Gregory's The Unintended Reformation is a shockingly bad book. This essay explicates the force of these contradictory statements. On the one hand, the potential of Gregory's understanding of periodization may be applauded; his reading may likewise be applauded: there are exceptionally useful tracks through entire libraries of books compacted in his notes. On the other hand, the book's ethical purpose (to denigrate the liberal West) profoundly damages the entire project. Gregory's account of the “whatever” culture is lazy, inaccurate, and arrogant; but his determination to attack the “whatever” culture determines his entire strategy—he wants nothing more than to get into attack position, at the expense of understanding how liberalism might have been hammered out less by lazy whateverists than by those straining to avoid the violence unleashed by early modern religion. The book's weakness, then, is ethical.
TUT7 catalyzes the uridylation of the 3′ end for rapid degradation of histone mRNA
Authors: Lackey Patrick E. , Welch Joshua D. , Marzluff William F.
Published: September 2016

The replication-dependent histone mRNAs end in a stem–loop instead of the poly(A) tail present at the 3′ end of all other cellular mRNAs. Following processing, the 3′ end of histone mRNAs is trimmed to 3 nucleotides (nt) after the stem–loop, and this length is maintained by addition of nontemplated uridines if the mRNA is further trimmed by 3′hExo. These mRNAs are tightly cell-cycle regulated, and a critical regulatory step is rapid degradation of the histone mRNAs when DNA replication is inhibited. An initial step in histone mRNA degradation is digestion 2–4 nt into the stem by 3′hExo and uridylation of this intermediate. The mRNA is then subsequently degraded by the exosome, with stalled intermediates being uridylated. The enzyme(s) responsible for oligouridylation of histone mRNAs have not been definitively identified. Using high-throughput sequencing of histone mRNAs and degradation intermediates, we find that knockdown of TUT7 reduces both the uridylation at the 3′ end as well as uridylation of the major degradation intermediate in the stem. In contrast, knockdown of TUT4 did not alter the uridylation pattern at the 3′ end and had a small effect on uridylation in the stem–loop during histone mRNA degradation. Knockdown of 3′hExo also altered the uridylation of histone mRNAs, suggesting that TUT7 and 3′hExo function together in trimming and uridylating histone mRNAs.
RECLAMAÇÕES E CONHECIMENTO DO CONSUMIDOR VIRTUAL À LUZ DO CÓDIGO DE DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO
Authors: Christone Anderson , Quezado Izabelle , Sousa Maely Barreto de , Souza Filho Marcos José Nogueira de
Published: September 2016

Em face dos avanços tecnológicos que propiciaram o surgimento de um consumidor mais crítico e menos passivo na relação de consumo, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar reclamações de consumidores virtuais, que têm como base o Código de Defesa do Consumidor (CDC), publicadas por meio do website Reclame Aqui. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo com o auxílio do software Atlas Ti versão 7.2. Após analisadas 233 reclamações, os resultados indicaram que a maior parte das ocorrências de reclames diz respeito ao Direito de Arrependimento. Entretanto, constatou-se que os consumidores que mais dão continuidade ao processo de reações à insatisfação são os que enfrentam predominantemente problemas de entrega ou de defeito do produto, bem como de qualidade do serviço prestado.
O QUE SE COMPREENDE POR GESTÃO SECRETARIAL: PERCEPÇÃO DE UMA AMOSTRA DE DISCENTES DE SECRETARIADO EXECUTIVO
Authors: Da Silva Joelma Soares , Barros Conceição De Maria Pinheiro , Cruz Raíssa Sampaio da
Published: September 2016

A Gestão Secretarial é um tema recorrente, porém sua delimitação ainda carece de estudos que a comprove como construto. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a compreensão de uma amostra de discentes de Secretariado Executivo da Universidade Federal do Ceará acerca da Gestão Secretarial. Para sua consecução, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura seguida de uma pesquisa de campo com discentes regularmente matriculados na disciplina Técnicas de Secretariado II do Curso de Secretariado Executivo da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). Participaram 53 estudantes de nível de graduação entre os anos de 2014 e 2015. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório de natureza qualitativa cujos dados foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo e permitiram inferir que, entre os discentes participantes, há compreensão diversificada acerca da gestão secretarial, evidenciando uma ausência de conceito uniforme, porém com uma clara tendência para teorias de gestão sejam elas relacionadas diretamente às atividades secretariais ou de forma generalista. Percebeu-se que uma parte das respostas relaciona o assunto às práticas administrativas e não especificamente ao fazer secretarial.
SISTEMA DE GESTÃO DA QUALIDADE NO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO (SP): RELATO DA TRANSIÇÃO DA NBR ISO 9001 PARA NBR ISO/ IEC 17025
Authors: Vitiello Nayte , Miyashiro Simone , Galleti Silvia Regina , Vieira Martiniana Da Silva , Nascimento Elizabeth Souza , Batista Filho Antonio
Published: September 2016

Nos últimos anos, laboratórios de instituições públicas que atuam em sanidade vêm padronizando seus ensaios com a finalidade de  atender à demanda internacional dos agronegócios. Esse fenômeno vem provocando mudança da cultura organizacional com vistas à melhoria da rotina, rastreabilidade e credibilidade dos resultados das análises. Contudo, o processo de implantação e implementação pode ser comprometido pelos custos relacionados a insumos e calibração dos equipamentos, bem como à falta de tempo e dedicação do pessoal especializado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o processo de transição da norma ISO 9001 para a ISO/ IEC 17025 em laboratórios com o mesmo perfil de serviço. Três laboratórios foram avaliados no processo de transição. Os avanços da implantação da ISO/IEC 17025 foram comprovados pela análise documentária, contextualização, auditorias e questionário. Verificou-se que laboratórios com sistema de gestão de qualidade implantado em normas mais genéricas apresentaram mais facilidade de implantar e implementar normas técnicas.
Features of Teacher’s Professional Competence Development
Authors: Молокова  , Molokova Anna
Published: September 2016

The article raises the issue of training and retraining in the context of the development of teacher demanded competencies. Examples of mainstreaming and implementation in practice of interactive tools and techniques of this process, including the web-technology and the Internet are given.
Development of Ideas of Math Education of Younger Schoolchildren in Soviet School in 30-50-ies of the XX Century
Authors: Кочурова  , Kochurova Elena
Published: September 2016

The article deals with the developmental dynamics of the methods of mathematical education in one of the most important periods of the

formation of a primary school in our country. The author describes the positive aspects in the development of primary education, reveals the flaws

and contradictions. The detailed review of all components of methodical system is given: objectives, content, methods, means of mathematical

formation of younger schoolchildren.
Dynamic Conditional Beta Is Alive and Well in the Cross Section of Daily Stock Returns
Authors: Bali Turan G. , Engle Robert F. , Tang Yi
Published: September 2016

This paper presents evidence for a significantly positive link between the dynamic conditional beta and the cross section of daily stock returns. An investment strategy that takes a long position in stocks in the highest conditional beta decile and a short position in stocks in the lowest conditional beta decile produces average returns and alphas in the range of 0.60%–0.80% per month. We provide an investor attention-based explanation of this finding. We show that stocks with high conditional beta have strong attention-grabbing characteristics, leading to a higher fraction of buyer-initiated trades for these stocks. We also find that stocks recently bought perform significantly better than stocks recently sold. Hence, the high beta stocks that investors are more likely to buy have higher expected returns than the low beta stocks that investors are more likely to sell.

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Diabetes series, 2. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: September 2016

Early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) is of crucial importance. Delays in diagnosis lead to worse health outcomes ( WHO, 2016:47 ). An estimated 1.4% of the population in England and around 550 000 people in the UK are unaware that they have diabetes ( Diabetes UK, 2015:2 ; Public Health England, 2014a ). This article explains how diabetes is diagnosed and explores the need for a national screening programme in the UK.
Practise on plastic: the impact of high fidelity simulation on learning and teaching
Authors: Nwankwo Ugonma , Hayes Catherine
Published: September 2016

The integration of high fidelity simulation (HFS) as an adjunct resource into healthcare curricula is not a new phenomenon. Healthcare assistants (HCAs) are increasingly likely to be expected either to partake in high fidelity simulation training, or to work in the context of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) where this is commonplace activity in training or continuing professional development.

HFS is regularly used in the context of medical, nursing and the allied healthcare professions to provide realistic scenarios where students can practise their clinical skills and interventions in an ethos of support and constructive feedback.

Over the past five years particularly, the use of simulated practice as a teaching and learning tool within healthcare has increased in importance; it is seen as the major teaching method for practising and assessing developing skills, knowledge, attitudes and meaningful decision-making within the field of healthcare ( Humphreys, 2013 ).

The use of HFS offers a safe, non-threatening environment, creating opportunities for learners to develop cognitive, psychomotor and affective competencies away from the patient's bedside ( Murray et al, 2008 ). This article provides an insight into the educational significance of HFS, alongside issues of implementation and educational focus.
Double or quits!
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: September 2016

Try these activities to develop children's ability to double numbers quickly and accurately and deepen their understanding of the concepts underpinning them.
All fair and square
Authors: Davis John
Published: September 2016

Help pupils to understand and master different approaches to squaring and cubing numbers, using these activities from Hopscotch book, Cosmic Maths Year 5.
The histological and elemental characterisation of corrosion particles from taper junctions
Authors: Munir S. , Oliver R. A. , Zicat B. , Walter W. L. , Walter W. K. , Walsh W. R.
Published: September 2016

Objectives

This study aimed to characterise and qualitatively grade the severity of the corrosion particles released into the hip joint following taper corrosion.

Methods

The 26 cases examined were CoC/ABG Modular (n = 13) and ASR/SROM (n = 13). Blood serum metal ion levels were collected before and after revision surgery. The haematoxylin and eosin tissue sections were graded on the presence of fibrin exudates, necrosis, inflammatory cells and corrosion products. The corrosion products were identified based on visible observation and graded on abundance. Two independent observers blinded to the clinical patient findings scored all cases. Elemental analysis was performed on corrosion products within tissue sections. X-Ray diffraction was used to identify crystalline structures present in taper debris.

Results

The CoC/ABG Modular patients had a mean age of 64.6 years (49.4 to 76.5) and ASR/SROM patients had a mean age of 58.2 years (33.3 to 85.6). The mean time in situ for CoC/ABG was 4.9 years (2 to 6.4) and ASR/SROM was 6.1 years (2.5 to 8.1). The blood serum metal ion concentrations reduced following revision surgery with the exception of Cr levels within CoC/ABG. The grading of tissue sections showed that the macrophage response and metal debris were significantly higher for the ASR/SROM patients (p < 0.001). The brown/red particles were significantly higher for ASR/SROM (p < 0.001). The taper debris contained traces of titanium oxide, chromium oxide and aluminium nitride.

Conclusion

This study characterised and qualitatively graded the severity of the corrosion particles released into the hip joint from tapers that had corrosion damage. Cite this article: S. Munir, R. A. Oliver, B. Zicat, W. L. Walter, W. K. Walter, W. R. Walsh. The histological and elemental characterisation of corrosion particles from taper junctions. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:370–378. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.59.2000507.
‘Laughter is a Harlequin’: Laughter and identity in a close reading of a Cuban punk band
Authors: Astley Tom
Published: September 2016

As Punk and Post-Punk have pointed out in previous issues (2.2 and 2.3), humour might be said to be at the heart of a variety of punk aesthetics, incorporating elements of satire, parody, shock and subversion as weapons against host cultures (and yet, paradoxically, often cementing those punk manifestations within and as constituent part of those same cultures). Rather than reassert the place (and types) of humour in punk, this article examines one of its symptoms, laughter, outlining the ‘dual face’ of laughter and its role in delineating both exclusionary and inclusionary identity spaces. By offering a close reading of several recorded bouts of laughter – some performed, manic and distinctly humourless, others apparently natural and spontaneous (though nonetheless deliberate parts of the recording) – in the work of controversial Cuban punk band Porno Para Ricardo, this article examines specifically the role laughter plays in the band’s work, but also suggests, more broadly, that laughter might constitute not only a telling identity marker for its audiences but also an important facet of the punk soundworld.
Striving for authenticity: Punk in China
Authors: Xiao Jian
Published: September 2016

This article explores issues of authenticity arising from an ethnographic study of punks in China. Through examining how participants articulate their punk lives, it focuses on one prominent aspect – pursuing authenticity in punk performance through deliberately choosing where and how to perform. Using the concepts of authenticity, I explore how punk musicians claim their own authenticity and perceive others within the punk group as inauthentic. I also examine how Chinese punks as a group attempt to establish certain performance-related norms regarding themes and styles, with the aim of challenging mainstream norms, the power of authorities and social morals in Chinese society. By unpacking the intragroup debates among punk musicians and their interpretations of punk practices as members of the punk group, I highlight various paths to striving for punk authenticity and the social implications of the punk phenomenon existing in China.
Republic of Turkey
Authors: Mugnier Byclifford J.
Published: September 2016

The Grids & Datums column has completed an exploration of
every country on the Earth. For those who did not get to enjoy this
world tour the first time, PE&RS is reprinting prior articles from
the column. This month's article on the Republic of Turkey was
originally printed in 2005 but contains updates to their coordinate
system since then.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the intergenic region between metformin transporter OCT2 and OCT3 coding genes are associated with short-term response to metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Zaharenko Linda , Kalnina Ineta , Geldnere Kristine , Konrade Ilze , Grinberga Solveiga , Židzik Jozef , Javorský Martin , Lejnieks Aivars , Nikitina-Zake Liene , Fridmanis Davids , Peculis Raitis , Radovica-Spalvina Ilze , Hartmane Dace , Pugovics Osvalds , Tkáč Ivan , Klimčáková Lucia , Pīrāgs Valdis , Klovins Janis
Published: September 2016

Objective(s)

High variability in clinical response to metformin is often observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, and it highlights the need for identification of genetic components affecting the efficiency of metformin therapy. Aim of this observational study is to evaluate the role of tagSNPs (tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms) from genomic regions coding for six metformin transporter genes with respect to the short-term efficiency.

Design

102 tagSNPs in 6 genes coding for metformin transporters were genotyped in the group of 102 T2D patients treated with metformin for 3 months.

Methods

Most significant hits were analyzed in the group of 131 T2D patients from Slovakia. Pharmacokinetic study in 25 healthy nondiabetic volunteers was conducted to investigate the effects of identified polymorphisms.

Results

In the discovery group of 102 patients, minor alleles of rs3119309, rs7757336 and rs2481030 were significantly nominally associated with metformin inefficiency (P = 1.9 × 10−6 to 8.1 × 10−6). Effects of rs2481030 and rs7757336 did not replicate in the group of 131 T2DM patients from Slovakia alone, whereas rs7757336 was significantly associated with a reduced metformin response in combined group. In pharmacokinetic study, group of individuals harboring risk alleles of rs7757336 and rs2481030 displayed significantly reduced AUC∞ of metformin in plasma.

Conclusions

For the first time, we have identified an association between the lack of metformin response and SNPs rs3119309 and rs7757336 located in the 5′ flanking region of the genes coding for Organic cation transporter 2 and rs2481030 located in the 5′ flanking region of Organic cation transporter 3 that was supported by the results of a pharmacokinetic study on 25 healthy volunteers.
Radijo dažnio abliacija ankstyvuoju poprocedūriniu laikotarpiu skatina inkstų audinio apoptozę
Authors: Kinčius Marius , Preidis Andrius , Dambrauskas Žilvinas , Gulbinas Antanas
Published: September 2016

ĮvadasHipertermijos indukuojama apoptozė gali lemti vėžinių ląstelių žūtį ir taip praplėsti radijo dažnio abliacijos saugią gydymoribą net iki 10 milimetrų, taip užkertant kelią ligai atsinaujinti. Hipotezei patvirtinti atlikome eksperimentinį tyrimą, kuriuosiekėme įvertinti radijo dažnio abliacijos poveikį inkstų ląstelėms audinyje aplink susidariusią nekrozės zoną bei apibūdintiankstyvus apoptozinius procesus šioje zonoje.MetodaiSukėlus bendrąją endotrachėjinę nejautrą, operuotos aštuonios eksperimentinės kiaulės. Joms atliktos vidurinės laparotomijosir inkstų parenchimos radijo dažnio abliacija. Abliacijos zona ir ją supantys audiniai buvo tiriami Western bloto bei imunohistochemijosmetodais siekiant nustatyti apoptozę.RezultataiValandą po procedūros aktyvuota trečiosios kaspazės 17-kDa dalis nustatyta tranzitorinėje abliacijos zonoje 7–9 mm atstumunuo nekrozės ribos. Tiriant nekrozės zoną bei aplink nepažeistą inksto parenchimą, apoptozės žymenų aktyvumas nebuvonustatytas.IšvadosMes nustatėme, kad po radijo dažnio abliacijos aštuonių milimetrų atstumu nuo nekrozės zonos daugumoje inksto ląsteliųyra aktyvuojama ląstelių žūtį lemianti apoptozė. Tai patvirtina hipotezę, kad po šios procedūros dėl netiesiogiai plintančioterminio poveikio aplink nekrozės zoną gali susidaryti papildomai saugi 8 mm zona.
Ankstyvų stadijų nesmulkialąstelio plaučio vėžio chirurginio gydymo rezultatai
Authors: Aškinis Renatas , Krasauskas Arnoldas , Zaremba Sigitas , Cicėnas Saulius
Published: September 2016

Didėjant sergamumui plaučių vėžiu Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje išlieka aktualus gydymo efektyvumo gerinimas. Plaučių vėžys dažniausiai diagnozuojamas vyresniame amžiuje. Nesmulkialąstelis plaučių vėžys sudaro apie 85 %, o smulkialąstelis plaučių vėžys – 15 % visų diagnozuotų plaučio vėžio atvejų. Apie 25 % naujai diagnozuotų nesmulkialąstelio plaučio vėžio atvejų būna I–II stadijos, kitais atvejais, deja, nustatomas vietiškai ar atokiai išplitęs plaučių vėžys, kai chirurginis gydymas negalimas. Ankstyvų stadijų nesmulkialąstelio plaučių vėžio gydymas pradedamas nuo radikalios rezekcinės operacijos, jeigu leidžia ligonio būklė. Po operacijos taikoma adjuvantinė chemoterapija platinos preparatais kartu su etopozidu. Nagrinėti 82 IB–IIIA stadijos nesmulkialąsteliu plaučių vėžių sergantys ligoniai, kuriems atlikta radikali rezekcinė operacija ir paskesnė adjuvantinė chemoterapija. Pooperaciniu 1–2 metų laikotarpiu liga progresavo 22 ligoniams (27 %), o 60-iai ligonių (73 %) buvo ligos remisija. Atsižvelgus į šiuos duomenis būtini papildomi DNR tyrimai, kurie leistų individualizuoti gydymą bei pagerinti jo rezultatus.