bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostisches und didaktisches Handeln verbinden: Entwicklung eines Prozessmodells auf der Grundlage von Erkenntnissen aus der pädagogischen Diagnostik und der Förderdiagnostik
Authors: Moser Opitz Elisabeth
Published: March 2022

Für Lehrkräfte ist die Anpassung der unterrichtlichen Aktivitäten an die Lernvoraussetzungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler und damit verbunden das diagnostische und didaktische Handeln zentral. In der Mathematikdidaktik finden sich zu dieser Aufgabe vereinfacht dargestellt zwei Zugänge: Zum einen orientiert sie sich an Konzepten und Modellen aus der pädagogischen Diagnostik bzw. der empirischen Unterrichtsforschung, zum anderen an dem aus der Sonderpädagogik stammendem Konzept der Förderdiagnostik. Die beiden Zugänge unterscheiden sich deutlich in den Zielsetzungen sowie in den Aufgabenfeldern. Diese Unterschiede wurden bisher nicht systematisch aufgearbeitet. Zudem wurde die Verbindung zwischen diagnostischem und didaktischem Handeln in beiden Zugängen wenig reflektiert, insbesondere hinsichtlich des dafür notwendigen Professionswissens der Lehrkräfte. Im Artikel werden ausgewählte Konzepte aus der pädagogischen Diagnostik sowie die Förderdiagnostik mit Blick auf das mathematische Lernen dargestellt und vergleichend diskutiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Frage nach den Kriterien für die Urteilsbildung und für die didaktische Entscheidung sowohl in der Förderdiagnostik als auch der pädagogischen Diagnostik vernachlässigt wird. In einem Modell wird herausgearbeitet, dass in verschiedenen Phasen des Diagnose- und Förderprozesses (diagnostisches Handeln, Urteilsbildung, didaktische Entscheidung, didaktisches Handeln) jeweils spezifisch diagnostisches, fachliches und fachdidaktisches Professionswissen notwendig ist, um theoriegeleitet vorgehen zu können. Der Artikel leistet einen Beitrag zur Konzeptualisierung von diagnostischem und didaktischem Handeln bezogen auf das mathematische Lernen.
Steady-state solutions for the Muskat problem
Authors: Sánchez Omar
Published: March 2022

In this paper we study the existence of stationary solutions for the Muskat problem with a large surface tension coefficient. Ehrnstrom, Escher and Matioc studied in Mats Ehrnström (Methods Appl Anal 20:33-46, 2013) that there exists solutions to this problem for surface tensions below a finite value. In these notes we go beyond this value considering large surface tension. Also by numerical simulation we show some examples that explains the behavior of solutions.
Not by Contract Alone: The Contractarian Theory of the Corporation and the Paradox of Implied Terms
Authors: Gibbs-Kneller David , Gindis David , Whayman Derek
Published: March 2022

Contractarians view the corporation as a nexus of contracts, constituted by the express or implied consent of each party to or contracting with it. Strong-form contractarianism takes this claim literally and holds that a corporation can be created and sustained by contract alone, thanks notably to the courts’ supportive gap-filling role. We argue that this view is undermined by the way courts actually treat implied terms. While courts do attempt to fill gaps and hold parties to their bargains, they do not typically manufacture counterfactual consent by resorting to the hypothetical bargain logic of contractarianism. Even under the most flexible form of contract law, the common law contract, the capacity of courts to imply third-party obligations in multi-party contracts is highly limited. This makes the contractarian reliance on contract and the courts to construct the complex set of multi-party obligations that make up the corporate form implausible.
Exploring the perceived benefits of ethics education for laboratory professionals
Authors: Talash Khojasta , Anthias Chloe , Machin Laura L.
Published: March 2022

Clinical laboratories face ethical challenges on a daily basis. The ethics training provided for clinical laboratory staff is variable, with some receiving no training. We aimed to explore the perceived benefits of ethics education for laboratory professionals. Ethics training was provided to approximately 60 laboratory professionals in a UK not-for-profit blood cancer organisation, with group discussions incorporated into the session. The session covered dominant ethical theories and principles, the defining moments in medical research ethics and the ethical aspects of laboratory practices. At the end of the session a short optional paper survey was distributed to the participants to obtain feedback on the training. The feedback was anonymous and thematically coded. Attendees reported to be more aware of the existence and importance of ‘everyday’ ethics in their workplace. Responses also showed that the training session had provided participants with an opportunity for ethical reflection in themselves and in discussion with their colleagues. Despite clinical laboratory professionals being faced with ethical challenges daily, there is comparatively little ethics education provided. Ethics training is believed to improve the ethical attitude of laboratory staff and help them when making decisions in their work. We have shown that ethics education is important for laboratory professionals to develop and retain ethical awareness, and ethical reflection. By gaining insight into the ethical aspects of their practices, laboratory professionals can apply this understanding when faced with making challenging decisions in their workplace, in order to act in the best interests of their patients.
The struggle for recognition in the age of facial recognition technology
Authors: Waelen Rosalie A.
Published: March 2022

Facial recognition is a promising emerging technology, but it sometimes fails to recognize people adequately. Facial recognition applications have been found to regularly misidentify certain demographics, misinterpret traits like gender, age, beliefs, or emotions, and categorize individuals in ways that do not resonate with their own sense of identity. In this paper, I argue that in each of these cases, the person who has their face analyzed is not merely misidentified or misunderstood, but misrecognized in an ethically relevant sense. Following Charles Taylor’s The Politics of Recognition (1992) and Axel Honneth’s The Struggle for Recognition (1996), I describe how those subjected to facial recognition systems on the one hand struggle to obtain adequate recognition on a universal level, as being equally important to others, and lack recognition for their individual uniqueness, on the other hand. These forms of misrecognition are of ethical concern, because they can harm a person’s identity formation. So, ironically, facial recognition technology can give rise to a struggle for recognition.
Pregnancy outcomes in papillary thyroid cancer survivors：A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zuo Peng , Yang Jingjing
Published: March 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes among papillary thyroid cancer survivors.

Methods

65 cases singleton gravidas of papillary thyroid cancer survivors treated in the Department of Obstetrics, Peking University People's Hospital between January 2011 and January 2020 were selected retrospectively as the study group, and 130 cases of singleton pregnancy during the same time were randomly selected as the control group. The differences in general conditions, maternal and fetal complications between the two groups were analyzed. Risk factors of maternal complications and fetal malformation in patients with papillary thyroid cancer survivors were analyzed. Data was analyzed witht-test,χ2test and logistic regression for statistical differences.

Results

Totally 65 cases of papillary thyroid cancer with 70 pregnancies were analyzed, which including 65 cases achieved live birth, 5 cases underwent induced labor because of fetal malformation. The study group showed higher incidence in gestational diabetes(20% vs 10%), cesarean section(39.1% vs 24.6%), postpartum hemorrhage(350 ​± ​193 ​ml vs 290 ​± ​181 ​ml) and fetal malformation(5.7% vs 1.5%), and lower live birth rate(91.4% vs 99.2%) (P ​< ​0.05). Multivariate analysis by logistic regression found that the patient's age, thyroid function, operation mode and postoperative I-131 treatment were not the risk factors which may affect the pregnancy outcomes or fetal malformation.

Conclusion

Elevated maternal and fetal complications were observed among pregnancies in papillary thyroid cancer survivors. Management of these survivors may require a careful gestation monitoring, and further investigation is needed.
Fundamentals of Nanomedicine
Authors: Leary James F.
Published: March 2022

The first introductory book on the subject, this book will provide a complete grounding to this pioneering field for students and professionals across biomedical engineering, biology and medicine. It features a comprehensive overview of original work in this revolutionary field. Topics discussed include drug delivery, cell-material interaction and gene therapy, accompanied by real-world examples and over 100 illustrations. The book teaches readers how to design and test their own nanomedical systems for real-world applications in biomedical engineering, medicine and pharmacy. Presenting a thorough discussion of the science and engineering of nanomedicine, it discusses vital environmental, social and ethical impacts of this revolutionary technology. Including over 200 thought-provoking study questions, allowing the reader to self-assess their understanding, this book is a rich source of information that will be of interest and importance in nanomedicine.
The psychological outcomes of COVID-19 affected the pandemic-after risk perceptions of nurse clinicians: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Qianlan Yin , Tianya Hou , Wei Li , Jia Gao , Chunyan Ni , Wei Zhao , Bin Lian , Huifen Li , Wei Dong , Guanghui Deng , Yan Jia
Published: March 2022

Background

Risk perception among nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic is a crucial factor affecting their attitudes and willingness to work in clinics. Those with poor psychological status could perceive risks sensitively as fears or threats that are discouraging. This article aimed to determine whether psychological outcomes, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and insomnia, following the COVID-19 pandemic were differentially related to the risk perceptions of nurses working in clinics and increased perceived risk.

Method

The participants were 668 nurse clinicians from five local hospitals. Risk perceptions and psychological outcomes were measured by adapted questionnaires via the Internet. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified subgroups of individuals who showed similar profiles regarding the perceived risks in nursing. Multinomial regression and probit regression were used to examine the extent to which sociodemographic and psychological outcomes predicted class membership.

Results

LPA revealed four classes: groups with low-, mild-, moderate-, and high-level risk perceptions. Membership of the high-level risk perception class was predicted by the severity of psychological outcomes. Anxiety significantly accounted for a moderate increase in risk perceptions, while the symptoms of insomnia, depression, and PTSD accelerated the increase to the high level of risk perception class.

Conclusions

By classifying groups of nurse clinicians sharing similar profiles regarding risk perceptions and then exploring associated predictors, this study shows the psychological outcomes after COVID-19 significantly impacted pandemic-associated risk perceptions and suggests intervening in nurses' psychological outcomes while simultaneously focusing on work-related worries is important following the outbreak of COVID-19.
Krym. Rossiya…Navsegda? Critical Junctures, Critical Antecedents, and the Paths Not Taken in the Making of Crimea’s Annexation
Authors: Fumagalli Matteo , Rymarenko Margaryta
Published: March 2022

Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 is widely framed as an outside-in process, not only enabled but also enacted by the Kremlin. Prevailing accounts privilege geopolitical analysis and place those developments in a broader narrative of tension and competition between the West and Russia. Such a narrative downplays the involvement of local actors and the importance of the choices they made prior to and during those events. This article revisits the period leading up to March 2014 through a focus on critical junctures, critical antecedents, a near miss, and the path not taken. It argues that a full account of Crimea’s incorporation into Russia – while acknowledging Moscow’s role – cannot ignore the local contingencies that preceded and shaped it. We understand the region’s annexation as a key moment of institutional change in Ukraine and focus our attention on explaining how that outcome was determined, identifying the path to such a political outcome. Yanukovych’s decision to “catapult” political-economic interest groups from Makeevka and Donetsk into the peninsula led to the marginalization of the local elite. Regime change in Kyiv and a slow and cumbersome response from the new authorities in February-March 2014 triggered, but did not cause, Crimea’s exit option.
Diet breadth of the aphid predatorChrysoperla rufilabrisBurmeister (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Batista Michela C. , Heimpel George E. , Bulgarella Mariana , Venzon Madelaine
Published: March 2022

The performance (development and reproduction) of generalist predators can vary greatly among the prey species that they use, and these differences can influence the ability of predatory insects to suppress pest populations. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of larvae of the green lacewingChrysoperla rufilabris(Burmeister, 1839) by offering 16 species of aphids and by assessing the effects of each species on the survival, larval development time, prey consumption, pupal mass and egg load of adultChr. rufilabrisfemales taking aphid phylogeny into account.Chrysoperla rufilabrislarvae preyed on individuals from all 16 aphid species, but complete development, adult emergence and egg load production were achieved only in seven species. As a general pattern, the best levels of performance were achieved for an aphid clade that includes the soybean aphid,Aphis glycines(Matsumara, 1917), and for a milkweed-feeding species,Myzocallis asclepiadis(Monell, 1879). We found significant phylogenetic clustering for most of the performance traits indicating the aspects of specialization in the diet breadth ofChr. rufilabrisdespite the fact that this species is considered a generalist aphid predator. These findings can help us to understand the interactions of this species in agroecological food webs, where it is commonly found, and provide insights into why natural, conservation biological control or augmentative releases may succeed or fail.
Free-ranging rural dogs are highly infected with helminths, contaminating environment nine times more than urban dogs
Authors: Tull Ants , Valdmann Harri , Rannap Riinu , Kaasiku Triin , Tammeleht Egle , Saarma Urmas
Published: March 2022

Regardless of the highly efficient anthelmintics available and the control measures taken by dog owners and veterinarians, gastrointestinal parasites, especially zoonotic helminths, are still abundant in dogs and pose a health risk to humans. Free-ranging dogs in rural areas can be an important source of helminth infection. The aims of the present work were to collect scats of rural dogs, determine the environmental contamination caused by helminth infections among rural dogs of Western Estonia, analyse how diet affects helminth infection rate and compare the findings to a previous study focusing on dog helminths in urban areas of Estonia. To differentiate the scats of dogs from other sympatric canids, a genetic method was applied. Of 328 samples, genetic analysis identified 84 scats belonging to dogs, of which 87.0% were infected with helminths. A high proportion of rural dog scats harboured eggs of Taeniidae (65.5%), followed by Trichuris spp./Eucoleus spp. (15.5%), Uncinaria stenocephala (14.7%) and Toxocara canis (4.3%). Coinfections occurred in 34.5% of the samples, being the most common between Taeniidae and U. stenocephala (41.4%). The intensity model indicated higher helminth infection rate in rural dogs preying on rodents and game. In comparison to urban dogs, rural dogs were nine times more likely to be infected with intestinal parasites. These results emphasize the need to implement measures to reduce helminth infections in dogs living in rural areas of Western Estonia. Among a complex of measures to be taken, we suggest that it is also important to diagnose which gastrointestinal parasite species infect dogs to determine specific anthelmintic treatment against these parasites.
An unconditionally stable, time-implicit algorithm for solving the one-dimensional Vlasov–Poisson system
Authors: Carrié M. , Shadwick B.A.
Published: March 2022

The development of an implicit, unconditionally stable, numerical method for solving the Vlasov–Poisson system in one dimension using a phase-space grid is presented. The algorithm uses the Crank–Nicolson discretization scheme and operator splitting allowing for direct solution of the finite difference equations. This method exactly conserves particle number, enstrophy and momentum. A variant of the algorithm which does not use splitting also exactly conserves energy but requires the use of iterative solvers. This algorithm has no dissipation and thus fine-scale variations can lead to oscillations and the production of negative values of the distribution function. We find that overall, the effects of negative values of the distribution function are relatively benign. We consider a variety of test cases that have been used extensively in the literature where numerical results can be compared with analytical solutions or growth rates. We examine higher-order differencing and construct higher-order temporal updates using standard composition methods.
Resting-state functional connectivity indicators of risk and resilience for self-harm in adolescent bipolar disorder
Authors: Dimick Mikaela K. , Hird Megan A. , Sultan Alysha A. , Mitchell Rachel H. B. , Sinyor Mark , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Goldstein Benjamin I.
Published: March 2022

Background

Suicide is the second leading cause of death in all youth and among adults with bipolar disorder (BD). The risk of suicide in BD is among the highest of all psychiatric conditions. Self-harm, including suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury, is a leading risk factor for suicide. Neuroimaging studies suggest reward circuits are implicated in both BD and self-harm; however, studies have yet to examine self-harm related resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) phenotypes within adolescent BD.

Methods

Resting-state fMRI data were analyzed for 141 adolescents, ages 13–20 years, including 38 with BD and lifetime self-harm (BDSH+), 33 with BD and no self-harm (BDSH−), and 70 healthy controls (HC). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala were examined as regions of interest in seed-to-voxel analyses. A general linear model was used to explore the bivariate correlations for each seed.

Results

BDSH− had increased positive rsFC between the left amygdala and left lateral occipital cortex, and between the right dlPFC and right frontal pole, and increased negative rsFC between the left amygdala and left superior frontal gyrus compared to BDSH+ and HC. BDSH+ had increased positive rsFC of the right OFC with the precuneus and left paracingulate gyrus compared to BDSH− and HC.

Conclusions

This study provides preliminary evidence of altered reward-related rsFC in relation to self-harm in adolescents with BD. Between-group differences conveyed a combination of putative risk and resilience connectivity patterns. Future studies are warranted to evaluate changes in rsFC in response to treatment and related changes in self-harm.
Acceptability of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Vita Antonio , Barlati Stefano , Ceraso Anna , Deste Giacomo , Nibbio Gabriele , Wykes Til
Published: March 2022

Background

Acceptability is an important factor for predicting intervention use and potential treatment outcomes in psychosocial interventions. Cognitive remediation (CR) improves cognition and functioning in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but its acceptability, and the impact of participants and treatment characteristics, remain to be investigated. Few studies provide a direct measure of acceptability, but treatment drop-out rates are often available and represent a valid surrogate.

Method

The systematic search conducted for the most comprehensive CR outcomes database for schizophrenia was updated in December 2020. Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials comparing CR with any other control condition in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and that also reported drop-out in treatment and control arms separately. Acceptability was measured as odd-ratios (OR) of drop-out.

Results

Of 2119 identified reports, 151 studies, reporting 169 comparisons between CR and control interventions with 10 477 participants were included in the analyses. The overall rate of drop-out was 16.58% for CR programs and 15.21% for control conditions. In the meta-analysis, no difference emerged between CR interventions and controls [OR 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96–1.25, p = 0.177]. Factors improving acceptability were: inpatient only recruitment, participants with fewer years of education and lower premorbid IQ, the presence of all CR core elements, and the presence of techniques to transfer cognitive gains into real-world functioning.

Conclusions

CR for people diagnosed with schizophrenia is effective and has a good acceptability profile, similar to that of other evidence-based psychosocial interventions.
European Network for Health Technology Assessment’s Response to COVID-19: Rapid Collaborative Reviews on Diagnostic Tests and Rolling and Rapid Collaborative Reviews on Therapeutics
Authors: Ballini Luciana , Wild Claudia , Djuric Olivera , Mayer-Ferbas Julia , Willemsen Anne , Huic Mirjana
Published: March 2022

Objectives

In spring 2020, The European network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) decided to join forces to produce best evidence to inform health policy in the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this paper is to describe the process and output of the coordinated and collaborative activities of EUnetHTA.

Methods

Relevant published and internal documents were retrieved for a descriptive analysis of EUnetHTA processes, methods, and outputs related to EUnetHTA’s response to the pandemic.

Results

Process: In April 2020, a COVID-19 task force was set up and a survey collected pressing health policy questions across Europe. Two coordinating agencies for diagnostic tests and therapeutics were assigned. A process for prioritization and selection was set up for therapeutics, as well as explicit starting and stopping rules. Methodology: To increase a timely response, it was agreed that the rapid collaborative reviews (rapid CRs) would not require the consultation of manufacturers and the involvement of external experts, but would not differ in the methods and conduct of the systematic search, review, and synthesis of all available evidence, nor in the requirement for reviewing by EUnetHTA partners. Final reports: The joint effort resulted in the production of two rapid CRs on diagnostic tests, nineteen collaborative rolling reviews on therapeutics, three of which later moved to rapid CRs.

Conclusions

During COVID-19 pandemic, the EUnetHTA partners proved capable of prompt collaboration, which allowed speeding up the production and release of high-quality EUnetHTA outputs, while the relationships with the other European institutions facilitated their quick dissemination.
An Agile Development Cycle of an Online Memory Program for Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Yusupov Iris , Vandermorris Susan , Plunkett Cindy , Astell Arlene , Rich Jill B. , Troyer Angela K.
Published: March 2022

Online interventions for older adults should be tailored to their unique needs to increase the efficacy of and adherence to the intervention. The agile development cycle is a dynamic model to solicit and incorporate feedback from older adults during the design process. We combined this approach with the framework of Harvard University’s clinical and translational phases that provide a clear structure for evaluating new health programs before they are offered in the community. We based our online memory program on the empirically validated in-person Memory and Aging Program. The aim of the present study was to combine the agile development cycle with the clinical and translational phases framework to develop and pilot an online memory program tailored to the unique needs of older adults. Study 1 involved piloting individual program modules on site and integrating participant feedback into the program’s design to optimize usability. Study 2 involved two sequential pilots of the program accessed remotely to evaluate preliminary clinical outcomes and obtain feedback for iterative modifications. Plans for further validation and limitations are discussed. The successful application of the agile development cycle implemented in this series of studies can be adapted by others seeking to offer online content for targeted end users.
Associations among stress and language and socioemotional development in a low-income sample
Authors: Troller-Renfree Sonya V. , Hart Emma R. , Sperber Jessica F. , Fox Nathan A. , Noble Kimberly G.
Published: March 2022

Stress has been linked with children’s socioemotional problems and lower language scores, particularly among children raised in socioeconomically disadvantaged circumstances. Much of the work examining the relations among stress, language, and socioemotional functioning have relied on assessments of a single dimension of maternal stress. However, stress can stem from different sources, and people may appraise stressors differently. Taking a dimensional approach, this manuscript characterizes stress in multiple ways: as an overall composite; across the constructs of psychological appraisal vs. environmental stressors; and the independent contributions of a variety assessments. Data are from 548 mother–infant dyads (M= 13.14 months,SD= 2.11) who served as the control group for a poverty reduction clinical trial. Mothers completed questionnaires regarding the different types of stresses they may have experienced, as well as their children’s language and socioemotional development. Results indicate that, collectively, higher maternal report of stress is associated with lower reports of children’s socioemotional and language development. In addition, maternal psychological appraisals of stress were associated with both socioemotional and language development, whereas reports of environmental stressors were only associated with socioemotional development. Together, these findings suggest that maternal reports of stress are associated with lower maternal report of child development among low-income children.
Intergenerational risk and resilience pathways from discrimination and acculturative stress to infant mental health
Authors: Liu Sabrina R. , Sandman Curt A. , Davis Elysia Poggi , Glynn Laura M.
Published: March 2022

Preconception and prenatal stress impact fetal and infant development, and women of color are disproportionately exposed to sociocultural stressors like discrimination and acculturative stress. However, few studies examine links between mothers’ exposure to these stressors and offspring mental health, or possible mitigating factors. Using linear regression, we tested associations between prenatally assessed maternal acculturative stress and discrimination on infant negative emotionality among 113 Latinx/Hispanic, Asian American, Black, and Multiethnic mothers and their children. Additionally, we tested interactions between stressors and potential pre- and postnatal resilience-promoting factors: community cohesion, social support, communalism, and parenting self-efficacy. Discrimination and acculturative stress were related to more infant negative emotionality at approximately 12 months old (M= 12.6,SD= .75). In contrast, maternal report of parenting self-efficacy when infants were 6 months old was related to lower levels of infant negative emotionality. Further, higher levels of parenting self-efficacy mitigated the relation between acculturative stress and negative emotionality. Preconception and prenatal exposure to sociocultural stress may be a risk factor for poor offspring mental health. Maternal and child health researchers, policymakers, and practitioners should prioritize further understanding these relations, reducing exposure to sociocultural stressors, and promoting resilience.
Association between Mode of Transportation and Survival in Adult Trauma Patients with Penetrating Injuries: Matched Cohort Study between Police and Ground Ambulance Transport
Authors: Abou Arbid Samer A. , Bachir Rana H. , El Sayed Mazen J.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Police transport (PT) of penetrating trauma patients has the potential to improve survival rates. There are no well-established guidelines for PT of penetrating trauma patients.

Study Objective:

This study examines the association between survival rate to hospital discharge of adult penetrating trauma patients and mode of transport (PT versus ground ambulance [GA]).

Methods:

A retrospective, matched cohort study was conducted using the United States (US) National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). All adult penetrating injury patients transported by police to trauma centers were identified and matched (one-to-four) to patients transported by GA for analysis. Descriptive analysis was carried out. The patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics were tabulated and stratified by the transport mode.

Results:

Out of the 733 patients with penetrating injuries, ground Emergency Medical Services (EMS) transported 513 patients and police transported 220 patients. Most patients were 16-64 years of age with a male (95.6%) and Black/African American race (79.0%) predominance. Firearm-related injuries (68.8%) were the most common mechanism of injury with the majority of injuries involving the body extremities (62.9%). Open wounds were the most common nature of injury (75.7%). The overall survival rate to hospital discharge was similar for patients transported by GA and by police (94.5% versus 92.7%; P = .343).

Conclusion:

In this study, patients with penetrating trauma transported by police had similar outcomes to those transported by GA. As such, PT in penetrating trauma appears to be effective. Detailed protocols should be developed to further improve resource utilization and outcomes.
Semi-Automated, Object-Based Tomography of Dislocation Structures
Authors: Sills Ryan B. , Medlin Douglas L.
Published: March 2022

The characterization of the three-dimensional arrangement of dislocations is important for many analyses in materials science. Dislocation tomography in transmission electron microscopy is conventionally accomplished through intensity-based reconstruction algorithms. Although such methods work successfully, a disadvantage is that they require many images to be collected over a large tilt range. Here, we present an alternative, semi-automated object-based approach that reduces the data collection requirements by drawing on the prior knowledge that dislocations are line objects. Our approach consists of three steps: (1) initial extraction of dislocation line objects from the individual frames, (2) alignment and matching of these objects across the frames in the tilt series, and (3) tomographic reconstruction to determine the full three-dimensional configuration of the dislocations. Drawing on innovations in graph theory, we employ a node-line segment representation for the dislocation lines and a novel arc-length mapping scheme to relate the dislocations to each other across the images in the tilt series. We demonstrate the method for a dataset collected from a dislocation network imaged by diffraction-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. Based on these results and a detailed uncertainty analysis for the algorithm, we discuss opportunities for optimizing data collection and further automating the method.
The Postural Effect on the Memory of Manipulable Objects
Authors: Dutriaux Léo , Gyselinck Valérie
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The grounded cognition approach posits the involvement of sensory-motor processes in the representation of knowledge. However, the functional impact of these processes on cognition has been questioned, and some authors have explored the effect of motor interference on memory to test causally this hypothesis. In a seminal study, Dutriaux and Gyselinck (2016) showed that keeping the hands behind the back during learning decreases the memory of manipulable objects, but not the memory of nonmanipulable objects. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the mechanism behind the effect of posture in memory observed by Dutriaux and Gyselinck. The present experiment replicated the posture manipulation during learning but asked participants to keep their hands behind the back during recall. Results showed a similar detrimental effect of the hands behind the back specific to manipulable objects. This shows that the mechanism behind this effect arises from postural interference rather than from a compatibility between the posture during learning and the posture during recall and adds new evidence in favor of the sensory-motor grounding of knowledge.
Quality Not Quantity: Prioritizing the Management of Sedimentary Organic Matter Across Continental Shelf Seas
Authors: Smeaton C. , Austin W. E. N.
Published: March 2022

Disturbance of marine sediments results in the remineralization of sedimentary organic matter (OM) and impacts upon natural burial processes. Management interventions which restrict or remove activities that cause seabed disturbance may offer effective strategies to protect the most vulnerable of these shelf sea OM stores, offering new opportunities to deliver climate mitigation actions. While the largest quantities of OM are often stored in the expansive offshore regions of continental shelves and might therefore suggest appropriate zones for management interventions to protect vulnerable OM stores, our results highlight that these offshore regions generally contain OM of low reactivity. Conversely, inshore and coastal sediments store significant quantities of highly reactive OM that is at greater risk of remineralization when disturbed. The marked spatial disparities between OM reactivity across shelf sea sedimentary environments highlights the need to focus emergent policy and future management interventions toward the protection of inshore and coastal sediments.
Variations in Wave Slope and Momentum Flux From Wave‐Current Interactions in the Tropical Trade Winds
Authors: Iyer Suneil , Thomson Jim , Thompson Elizabeth , Drushka Kyla
Published: March 2022

Observations from six Lagrangian Surface Wave Instrument Float with Tracking drifters in January‐February 2020 in the northwestern tropical Atlantic during the Atlantic Tradewind Ocean‐atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign are used to evaluate the influence of wave‐current interactions on wave slope and momentum flux. At observed wind speeds of 4–12 ms−1, wave mean square slopes are positively correlated with wind speed. Wave‐relative surface currents varied significantly, from opposing the wave direction at 0.24 ms−1 to following the waves at 0.47 ms−1. Wave slopes are 5%–10% higher when surface currents oppose the waves compared to when currents strongly follow the waves, consistent with a conservation of wave energy flux across gradients in currents. Assuming an equilibrium frequency range in the wave spectrum, wave slope is proportional to wind friction velocity and momentum flux. The observed variation in wave slope equates to a 10%–20% variation in momentum flux over the range of observed wind speeds (4–12 ms−1), with larger variations at higher winds. At wind speeds over 8 ms−1, momentum flux varies by at least 6% more than the variation expected from current‐relative winds alone, and suggests that wave‐current interactions can generate significant spatial and temporal variability in momentum fluxes in this region of prevailing trade winds. Results and data from this study motivate the continued development of fully coupled atmosphere‐ocean‐wave models.
Importance of High‐Frequency (≤30‐day) Wind Variability to the Annual Climatology of the Surface Latent Heat Flux Inferred From the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array
Authors: Yan Yunwei , Song Xiangzhou , Wang Guihua , Chen Changlin
Published: March 2022

Previous studies conducted based on reanalysis data sets have suggested that high‐frequency (≤30‐day) wind variability has a significant impact on the climatology of surface latent heat flux (LHF). The present study quantifies the impact of high‐frequency winds using field measurements derived from the global tropical moored buoy array (GTMBA) and, in turn, evaluates the performance of existing reanalysis products on capturing the role of these high‐frequency winds. The buoy observations demonstrate that high‐frequency winds at the n‐day (n = 1, 2, …, 30) timescale make a positive contribution to the annual climatology of LHF by nonlinearly enhancing the mean surface wind speed. Furthermore, this contribution increases as the timescale decreases, with maxima occurring at the 1‐day (subdaily) timescale. The subdaily winds contribute 4.6 W m−2, on average over all GTMBA sites. The largest contribution exceeds 10.0 W m−2 over the equatorial western Pacific Ocean. Hourly reanalysis products underestimate the contribution of the high‐frequency winds at timescales shorter than about a week, especially at the subdaily timescale, which is underestimated by approximately 50–60%. This finding suggests that an improvement in the performance of subdaily wind variability is needed to improve the fidelity of next‐generation reanalysis products.
Genetic influences on central and peripheral nervous system activity during fear conditioning
Authors: Kastrati G. , Rosén J. , Fredrikson M. , Chen X. , Kuja-Halkola R. , Larsson H. , Jensen K. B. , Åhs F.
Published: March 2022

Fear conditioning is an evolutionarily conserved type of learning serving as a model for the acquisition of situationally induced anxiety. Brain function supporting fear conditioning may be genetically influenced, which in part could explain genetic susceptibility for anxiety following stress exposure. Using a classical twin design and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated genetic influences (h2) on brain activity and standard autonomic measures during fear conditioning. We found an additive genetic influence on mean brain activation (h2 = 0.34) and autonomic responses (h2 = 0.24) during fear learning. The experiment also allowed estimation of the genetic influence on brain activation during safety learning (h2 = 0.55). The mean safety, but not fear, related brain activation was genetically correlated with autonomic responses. We conclude that fear and safety learning processes, both involved in anxiety development, are moderately genetically influenced as expressed both in the brain and the body.
mTORC1 induces plasma membrane depolarization and promotes preosteoblast senescence by regulating the sodium channel Scn1a
Authors: Chen Ajuan , Jin Jian , Cheng Shasha , Liu Zezheng , Yang Cheng , Chen Qingjing , Liang Wenquan , Li Kai , Kang Dawei , Ouyang Zhicong , Yao Chenfeng , Bai Xiaochun , Li Qingchu , Jin Dadi , Huang Bin
Published: March 2022

Senescence impairs preosteoblast expansion and differentiation into functional osteoblasts, blunts their responses to bone formation-stimulating factors and stimulates their secretion of osteoclast-activating factors. Due to these adverse effects, preosteoblast senescence is a crucial target for the treatment of age-related bone loss; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We found that mTORC1 accelerated preosteoblast senescence in vitro and in a mouse model. Mechanistically, mTORC1 induced a change in the membrane potential from polarization to depolarization, thus promoting cell senescence by increasing Ca2+influx and activating downstream NFAT/ATF3/p53 signaling. We further identified the sodium channel Scn1a as a mediator of membrane depolarization in senescent preosteoblasts. Scn1a expression was found to be positively regulated by mTORC1 upstream of C/EBPα, whereas its permeability to Na+was found to be gated by protein kinase A (PKA)-induced phosphorylation. Prosenescent stresses increased the permeability of Scn1a to Na+by suppressing PKA activity and induced depolarization in preosteoblasts. Together, our findings identify a novel pathway involving mTORC1, Scn1a expression and gating, plasma membrane depolarization, increased Ca2+influx and NFAT/ATF3/p53 signaling in the regulation of preosteoblast senescence. Pharmaceutical studies of the related pathways and agents might lead to novel potential treatments for age-related bone loss.
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles shuttle c-Myc to promote gastric cancer growth and metastasis via the KCNQ1OT1/miR-556-3p/CLIC1 axis
Authors: Li Bopei , Chen Yeyang , Liang Liang , Wang Ye , Huang Weijia , Zhao Kun , Liu Siyu , Deng Guofei , Chen Junqiang
Published: March 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) assume a role in intercellular communication by carrying various molecules, including proteins, RNA, and DNAs, which has been identified to exhibit oncogenic effect in GC. Therefore, this research aimed to figure out whether tumor-derived EVs transmit c-Myc to orchestrate the growth and metastasis of GC. KCNQ1OT1, microRNA (miR)-556-3p and CLIC1 expression of GC tissues was detected through RT-qPCR. EVs were isolated from GC cells, followed by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis of c-Myc expression in EVs and GC cells. Next, GC cells were incubated with EVs or transfected with a series of mimic, inhibitor, or siRNAs to assess their effects on cell viability, migrative, invasive, and apoptotic potential. Relationship among c-Myc, KCNQ1OT1, miR-556-3p, and CLIC1 was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins were assessed through Western blot analysis. KCNQ1OT1 and CLIC1 were highly expressed but miR-556-3p in GC tissues. c-Myc was high-expressed in tumor-derived EVs and GC cells. Mechanistically, c-Myc could induce KCNQ1OT1 expression, and KCNQ1OT1 bound to miR-556-3p that negatively targeted CLIC1 to inactivate PI3K/AKT pathway. Tumor-derived EVs, EVs-c-Myc, KCNQ1OT1 or CLIC1 overexpression, or miR-556-3p inhibition promoted GC cell proliferative, invasive, and migrative capacities but repressed their apoptosis through activating PI3K/AKT pathway. Collectively, tumor-derived EVs carrying c-Myc activated KCNQ1OT1 to downregulate miR-556-3p, thus elevating CLIC1 expression to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway, which facilitated the growth and metastasis of GC.
Hepatoprotective effects of sevoflurane against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating microRNA-124-3p-mediated TRAF3/CREB axis
Authors: Wang Yi-Liang , Zhang Ying , Cai Da-Sheng
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the present study is to define the role of sevoflurane (SEV) in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury as well as its underlying mechanism. Initially, hepatic I/R animal models and I/R hepatocyte models were established in C57BL/6 mice and normal mouse hepatocytes (BNL CL.2) after SEV preconditioning, respectively, followed by detection of microRNA-124-3p (miR-124-3p), TRAF3, and CREB expression by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, miR-124-3p, TRAF3 and CREB expression in hepatocytes was altered to identify their roles in modulating the levels of glutathione transferase (GST), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and inflammation-related factors and hepatocyte apoptosis by ELISA and flow cytometry respectively. The effects of SEV on the miR-124-3p/TRAF3/CREB axis were also verified in vitro and in vivo. IP assay was performed to verify the effect of TRAF3 on CREB ubiquitination in BNL CL.2 cells, and the cycloheximide (CHX) intervention experiment to detect the stability of CREB protein. SEV augmented the miR-124-3p expression in I/R animal and cell models. Moreover, SEV was observed to suppress I/R-induced liver damage, GST, ALT, and AST levels, hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation. Overexpression of miR-124-3p resulted in alleviation of hepatic I/R injury, which was countered by TRAF3 overexpression. miR-124-3p targeted TRAF3, while TRAF3 promoted CREB ubiquitination and reduced protein stability of CREB. SEV could impede I/R-induced liver damage, GST, ALT, and AST levels, hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation via mediation of the miR-124-3p/TRAF3/CREB axis in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, SEV may upregulate miR-124-3p to inhibit TRAF3 expression, thereby reducing the ubiquitination and degradation of CREB, alleviating hepatic I/R injury.
A single-cell transcriptomic landscape of innate and adaptive intratumoral immunity in triple negative breast cancer during chemo- and immunotherapies
Authors: Carpen Laura , Falvo Paolo , Orecchioni Stefania , Mitola Giulia , Hillje Roman , Mazzara Saveria , Mancuso Patrizia , Pileri Stefano , Raveane Alessandro , Bertolini Francesco
Published: March 2022

Breast cancer (BC) constitutes a major health problem worldwide, making it the most common malignancy in women. Current treatment options for BC depend primarily on histological type, molecular markers, clinical aggressiveness and stage of disease. Immunotherapy, such as αPD-1, have shown combinatorial clinical activity with chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) delineating some therapeutic combinations as more effective than others. However, a clear overview of the main immune cell populations involved in these treatments has never been provided.

Here, an assessment of the immune landscape in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of two TNBC mouse models has been performed using single-cell RNA sequencing technology. Specifically, immune cells were evaluated in untreated conditions and after treatments with chemotherapy or immunotherapy used as single agents or in combination. A decrease of Treg was found in treatments with in vivo efficacy as well as γδ T cells, which have a pro-tumoral activity in mice. Focusing on Cd8 T cells, across all the conditions, a general increase of exhausted-like Cd8 T cells was confirmed in pre-clinical treatments with low efficacy and an opposite trend was found for the proliferative Cd8 T cells. Regarding macrophages, M2-like cells were enriched in treatments with low efficacy while M1-like macrophages followed an opposite trend. For both models, similar proportions of B cells were detected with an increase of proliferative B cells in treatments involving cisplatin in combination with αPD-1. The fine-scale characterization of the immune TME in this work can lead to new insights on the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.