bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pyreno[4,5‐d]imidazole‐triazatruxene Dyads for OLED Applications
Authors: Khamlue Rattapon , Loythaworn Thidarat , Namuangruk Supawadee , Promarak Vinich , Rashatasakhon Paitoon
Published: January 2024

Two new structural isomers of pyreno[4,5‐d]imidazole‐triazatruxene (C‐Pyl‐TAT and N‐Pyl‐TAT) were successfully synthesized via microwave‐assisted Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction. The target compounds were characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and MALDI‐TOF mass spectroscopy. These compounds emitted blue fluorescence signals with maxima wavelengths around 434 and 436 nm in toluene solution. They exhibited good film‐forming properties and thermal stabilities with glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and decomposition temperature (T5d) above 128 °C and 390 °C, respectively. The solution‐processed Alq3‐based devices with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/HTL/Alq3/LiF:Al were fabricated to evaluate the hole‐transporting properties of these compounds. The performance of the device with C‐Pyl‐TAT as a hole‐transporting layer (HTL) showed a low turn‐on voltage of 2.8 V, a high external quantum efficiency of 1.07 %, and a maximum luminance of 19,770 cd m−2. Moreover, the use of spin‐casted films of 1,3‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)benzene doped with C‐Pyl‐TAT or N‐Pyl‐TAT as blue‐emitting materials in OLED devices were also demonstrated.
Recent Advances in Stimuli‐Responsive Luminescent Supramolecular Lanthanide‐Based Metallogels
Authors: Roy Bilash Chandra , Kundu Animesh , Biswas Pranjit , Roy Saheli , Singha Mahapatra Tufan
Published: January 2024

The use of lanthanide‐based metallogels presents a promising approach for the engineering of stimuli‐responsive gel materials. Stimuli‐responsive luminescent materials based on lanthanides have promising applications in bio‐applications and optical encoding. Synthetic supramolecular metallogels typically become kinetically trapped and usually do not exhibit time‐variable changes in their material properties. However, such supramolecular metallogels can switch between gel to sol when subjected to different external physical and chemical stimuli. This is because weak noncovalent interactions hold together the gel structure and are also influenced by the coordination dynamics of the metal‐ligand bond. This review summarizes recent research progress on stimuli‐responsive supramolecular lanthanide‐based luminescent metallogels. Chemical, physical, and multiple stimuli‐responsiveness of the metallogels are discussed elaborately based on the external stimulus sources. Finally, the latest challenges and opportunities for developing novel metallogels that respond to stimuli are discussed.
Lipid Nanocarrier‐Based mRNA Therapy: Challenges and Promise for Clinical Transformation
Authors: Li Wenchao , Wang Chen , Zhang Yifei , Lu Yuan
Published: January 2024

Due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia, messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has attracted heated attention. A specific, safe, and efficient mRNA delivery system is needed. Lipid nanocarriers have become attractive carriers for mRNA delivery due to their high delivery efficiency, few side effects, and easy modification to change their structures and functions. To achieve the desired biological effect, lipid nanocarriers must reach the designated location for effective drug delivery. Therefore, the effects of the composition of lipid nanocarriers on their key properties are briefly reviewed. In addition, the progress of smart drug delivery by changing the composition of lipid nanocarriers is summarized, and the importance of component design and structure is emphasized. Subsequently, this review summarizes the latest progress in lipid nanocarrier‐based mRNA technology and provides corresponding strategies for its current challenges, putting forward valuable information for the future design of lipid nanocarriers and mRNA.
Boosting Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Copper‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks via Valence and Coordination Environment Modulation
Authors: Deng Jun , Qiu Limei , Xin Mudi , He Wenhui , Zhao Wenhui , Dong Juncai , Xu Guangtong
Published: January 2024

Cu‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to high value‐added chemicals, but they still suffer from low selectivity and instability. Here, an associative design strategy for the valence and coordination environment of the metal node in Cu‐based MOFs is employed to regulate the CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. A novel “reduction‐cleavage‐recrystallization” method is developed to modulate the Cu(II)‐Trimesic acid (BTC) framework to form a Cu(I)‐BTC structure enriched with free carboxyl groups in the secondary coordination environment (SCE). In contrast to Cu(II)‐BTC, the Cu(I)‐BTC shows higher catalytic activity and better ethylene selectivity (≈2.2‐fold) for CO2 electroreduction, which is further enhanced by increasing the content of free carboxyl groups, resulting in ethylene Faraday efficiency of up to 57% and the durability of the catalyst could last for 38 h without performance decline. It indicates that the synergistic effect between Cu(I)‐O coordinated structure and free carboxyl groups considerably enhances the dimerization of *CO intermediates and hinders the hydrogenation of *CO intermediates in these competitive pathways. This work unravels the strong dependence of CO2 electroreduction on the Cu valence state and coordination environment in MOFs and provides a platform for designing highly selective electrocatalytic CO2 reduction catalysts.
Single Atom Ru Doped Ni2P/Fe3P Heterostructure for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution for Water Splitting
Authors: Li Xiuhui , Niu ZeYuan , Niu Mang , Wang JiaXin , Cao Dapeng , Zeng Xiaofei
Published: January 2024

Modulating the chemical composition and structure has been considered as one of the most promising strategies for developing high‐efficient water splitting catalysts. Here, a single‐atom Ru doped Ni2P/Fe3P catalyst is synthesized by introducing the dispersed Ru atoms to adjust Ni2P/Fe3P heterostructure. Single atom Ru provides effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) active sites for boosting catalytic activities. The catalyst with only 0.2 wt.% content of Ru exhibits an overpotential of 19.3 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which is obviously lower than 146.1 mV of Ni2P/Fe3P. Notably, an alkaline overall water electrolyzer based on Ru‐Ni2P/Fe3P catalysts achieves a cell voltage of 1.47 V and operates over 600 h at 10 mA cm−2, which is superior to that of benchmark RuO2//Pt/C (1.61 V). The theoretical calculations further confirm that Ru single atom doping can effectively optimize the hydrogen/water adsorption free energy of the active site and therefore improve the HER activity of heterostructure. This work provides a valuable reference to design high‐activity and durability catalyst for water splitting through the double modulation of interface‐effect and atomic doping.
Decolonizing English‐Medium Instruction in the Global South
Authors: Sah Pramod K. , Fang Fan
Published: January 2024

Many societies in the Global South have adopted English‐medium instruction (EMI) policies, but often ignoring—whether by design or involuntarily—the damages caused by the colonial legacy inherent in EMI. This neglect of the repercussions has also been inadequately addressed in the current EMI scholarship. Additionally, overlooking the coloniality and lasting effects of this neglect within the EMI scholarship could inadvertently perpetuate colonial ideologies, policies, and discourses. Therefore, this forum article makes an urgent call for a need to employ a decolonial lens in EMI research and practices in the Global South. This approach seeks to disrupt the entwined relationship between coloniality and EMI by encouraging various stakeholders to critically examine and challenge the unequal power dynamics present in language ideologies, policies, and practices and social groups across diverse educational settings. We argue that a decolonial endeavor obliges us to be mindful of how EMI programs and research may inadvertently favor economic, political, and social advantages for privileged groups and nation‐states.
Canine immune‐mediated polyarthritis: A review of 84 cases in the UK between 2011 and 2021
Authors: Perez Judith Cruzado , Travail Victoria , Lamb Valerie , Kelly Darren
Published: January 2024

Background

Immune‐mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) is a well‐recognised disease in dogs, but studies evaluating the response rates, relapse rates and long‐term outcomes are scarce.

Objectives

To provide an updated description of the signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathological findings, distribution between subgroups, rates of response and relapse and long‐term outcome of 84 dogs diagnosed with IMPA at a single referral hospital.

Methods

Dogs diagnosed with IMPA between January 2011 and December 2021 were identified. Dogs with neutrophilic inflammation in ≥2 joints were included. Cases with <1 month of follow‐up, or those missing pertinent data, were excluded.

Results

A total of 84 cases were included. An initial response was achieved in 77/84 (92%) cases. Of the cases that initially responded, 37/77 (48%) suffered at least one relapse and 18/77 (23%) suffered multiple relapses. Indefinite treatment was recommended in 17/84 (20%) cases. Of the 70 dogs for which at least 12 months of follow‐up data were available, 12/70 (17%) were euthanised due to IMPA or for unknown reasons.

Conclusion

IMPA carries a fair prognosis, but relapses occur in many cases and euthanasia due to relapsing or refractory disease is not uncommon.
A Versatile Comproportionation Route to Construct Mono‐Imido Trichlorido Complexes of Molybdenum(V) and Tungsten(V)
Authors: Leitner Daniel , Wurst Klaus , Hohloch Stephan
Published: January 2024

We report the facile and high‐yielding multi‐gram synthesis of pentavalent heavy group VI mono‐imido complexes with the general formula M(NR)Cl3Ln (M=Mo, W, R=Aryl or Alkyl, L=DME n=1 or Py n=2) following a comproportionative imido group transfer procedure starting from the corresponding bis‐imido complexes and MCl4. The procedure works well for both aryl and alkyl imido ligands, in the case of molybdenum but only for alkyl imidos in the case of tungsten. Overall, five mono‐imido complexes have been structurally characterized and purity is established by elemental analysis and EPR spectroscopy.
Introduction: The Expanding Imagination of Mainstream French Films and Television Series
Authors: Harrod Mary , Moine Raphaëlle
Published: January 2024

This chapter surveys the historical background to and recent landscape of Frenchness as articulated in mainstream postnational film and television. This involves a dialogue that aims to build on and update existing scholarship on trans/postnational media industries, as a foundation for deciding which perspectives are most fitting when turning subsequently to significant trends in texts themselves. An overview of the rationale for the book’s chapter selection, accompanied and followed by summaries and extrapolations of the foci and implications of each, reflects the twin objectives of capturing a representative variety of empirical developments in media production and testing apt paradigms for their analysis. The chapter points to initial conclusions about key emergent features of both on-screen postnational Frenchness and comparable identities linked to contemporary screen cultures in general.
Camille Cottin: A Comic Reappropriation of French Femininity in a Globalised, Postfeminist Culture
Authors: Kaftal Anne
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores how Camille Cottin’s star persona crystallises the circulation of French femininity between contemporary French culture and a globalised postfeminist culture, and in the particular field of comedy, which is strongly determined by national contexts. The author specifically aims to understand how the global postfeminist figure of the Parisienne interacts, within Cottin’s star image, with French comic traditions and what this interaction entails in terms of gender representation.
Sign Language, Multilingualism and the Postnational Popular Screen: From La Famille Bélier and Marie Heurtin to La Révolution
Authors: King Gemma
Published: January 2024

Since the mid-2000s, the representation of multiple languages on French screens has increased significantly. However, an understudied element of this cinema is the growing corpus of films and series in French Sign Language (LSF). This chapter explores the evolution of multilingual French cinema in the twenty-first century. Placing Indigenous multilingualism within a broader translingual context, it focuses on the 2014 films La Famille Bélier/The Bélier Family (Eric Lartigau) and Marie Heurtin (Jean-Pierre Améris) and the 2020 series La Révolution/The Revolution (François Lardenois and Aurélien Molas) to examine the relationship between French Sign Language and French through a postnational lens. The chapter explores how these LSF texts challenge received norms of Frenchness, their connection to the French language and what ‘national language’ means for a nation that was always already multilingual.
Alexandre Aja: A Postnational Genre Auteur?
Authors: Goodall Reece
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines Alexandre Aja’s output across borders and explores whether questions of nationality are as important to understanding his filmography as is the issue of genre. It argues that by openly embracing a globally popular genre, working with culturally important horror figures and employing a highly allusive and intertextual style in his films, Aja’s international reputation is only truly attributable to his success with genre pictures. Aja has become known primarily as a genre director, with references to his French nationality largely downplayed, and although his work certainly engages with the national, his auteurial persona primarily frames him as the newest embodiment of an established and global popular mode. Aja, then, is a postnational auteur figure, whose generic associations have potentially superseded national identity.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Neurodevelopmental Outcome Prediction in Neonates Born Extremely Premature—An Exploratory Study
Authors: Schmidbauer Victor U. , Yildirim Mehmet S. , Dovjak Gregor O. , Goeral Katharina , Buchmayer Julia , Weber Michael , Kienast Patric , Diogo Mariana C. , Prayer Florian , Stuempflen Marlene , Kittinger Jakob , Malik Jakob , Nowak Nikolaus M. , Klebermass-Schrehof Katrin , Fuiko Renate , Berger Angelika , Prayer Daniela , Kasprian Gregor , Giordano Vito
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Neonates born at < 28 weeks of gestation are at risk for neurodevelopmental delay. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative MR-based metrics for the prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm neonates.

Methods

T1-/T2-relaxation times (T1R/T2R), ADC, and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the left/right posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) and the brainstem were determined at term-equivalent ages in a sample of extremely preterm infants (n = 33). Scores for cognitive, language, and motor outcomes were collected at one year corrected-age. Pearson’s correlation analyses detected relationships between quantitative measures and outcome data. Stepwise regression procedures identified imaging metrics to estimate neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Results

Cognitive outcomes correlated significantly with T2R (r = 0.412; p = 0.017) and ADC (r = −0.401; p = 0.021) (medulla oblongata). Furthermore, there were significant correlations between motor outcomes and T1R (pontine tegmentum (r = 0.346; p = 0.049), midbrain (r = 0.415; p = 0.016), right PLIC (r = 0.513; p = 0.002), and left PLIC (r = 0.504; p = 0.003)); T2R (right PLIC (r = 0.405; p = 0.019)); ADC (medulla oblongata (r = −0.408; p = 0.018) and pontine tegmentum (r = −0.414; p = 0.017)); and FA (pontine tegmentum (r = −0.352; p = 0.045)).

T2R/ADC (medulla oblongata) (cognitive outcomes (R2 = 0.296; p = 0.037)) and T1R (right PLIC)/ADC (medulla oblongata) (motor outcomes (R2 = 0.405; p = 0.009)) revealed predictive potential for neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Conclusion

There are relationships between relaxometry‑/DTI-based metrics determined by neuroimaging near term and neurodevelopmental outcomes collected at one year of age. Both modalities bear prognostic potential for the prediction of cognitive and motor outcomes. Thus, quantitative MRI at term-equivalent ages represents a promising approach with which to estimate neurologic development in extremely preterm infants.
Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalisations at a paediatric traumatology department during 2020: a single-centre observational study and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Delbrück Heide , Lambertz Ellen , Migliorini Filippo , Berger Nina , Hildebrand Frank
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The study investigates changes in the injury characteristics of hospitalised children in a paediatric trauma centre during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Data from injured children from the pre-pandemic year 2019 were compared to the pandemic year 2020 using Pearson’s chi-squared test and the Mann–Whitney U test. The period of highly restrictive regulations (HRP) was evaluated separately. A comprehensive literature review with defined search terms resulted in a descriptive data synthesis.

Results

Data from 865 patients indicated reductions in admissions of 5.6% and 54.4% during the HRP. In 2020, the hospitalisation time was longer (2.2 ± 2.7 days in 2019 vs. 2.4 ± 2.6 in 2020, p = 0.045); the proportions of wounds requiring surgical therapy (p = 0.008) and of observational treatments, primarily for mild brain injuries (p = 0.046), were higher; and conservative treatments, primarily for contusions, were lower (p = 0.005). There were no significant changes in age, location of lesions, or frequency of surgical therapy; nor were there differences in the HRP, except for fewer injuries in school and kindergarten (p < 0.001). The literature review summarises the main results of 79 studies.

Conclusion

Limited resources did not alter the indications for surgical therapy. Further studies should examine whether the more common injuries sustained at home were caused by excessive work/childcare demands on parents. Reduced inpatient conservative treatment implies that hospital resources possibly were overused previously. The literature offers answers to many detailed questions regarding childhood injuries during a pandemic and more efficient safe treatment.

Registration Ethical committee of RWTH Aachen University EK 22-320; Center for Translational & Clinical Research RWTH Aachen University (CTC-A) 21-430.
Robust Channels: Handling Unreliable Networks in the Record Layers of QUIC and DTLS 1.3
Authors: Fischlin Marc , Günther Felix , Janson Christian
Published: January 2024

The common approach in secure communication channel protocols is to rely on ciphertexts arriving in-order and to close the connection upon any rogue ciphertext. Cryptographic security models for channels generally reflect such design. This is reasonable when running atop lower-level transport protocols like TCP ensuring in-order delivery, as for example, is the case with TLS or SSH. However, protocols like QUIC or DTLS which run over a non-reliable transport such as UDP, do not—and in fact cannot—close the connection if packets are lost or arrive in a different order. Those protocols instead have to carefully catch effects arising naturally in unreliable networks, usually by using a sliding-window technique where ciphertexts can be decrypted correctly as long as they are not misplaced too far. In order to be able to capture QUIC and the newest DTLS version 1.3, we introduce a generalized notion of robustness of cryptographic channels. This property can capture unreliable network behavior and guarantees that adversarial tampering cannot hinder ciphertexts that can be decrypted correctly from being accepted. We show that robustness is orthogonal to the common notion of integrity for channels, but together with integrity and chosen-plaintext security it provides a robust analog of chosen-ciphertext security of channels. In contrast to prior work, robustness allows us to study packet encryption in the record layer protocols of QUIC and of DTLS 1.3 and the novel sliding-window techniques both protocols employ. We show that both protocols achieve robust chosen-ciphertext security based on certain properties of their sliding-window techniques and the underlying AEAD schemes. Notably, the robustness needed in handling unreliable network messages requires both record layer protocols to tolerate repeated adversarial forgery attempts. This means we can only establish non-tight security bounds (in terms of AEAD integrity), a security degradation that was missed in earlier protocol drafts. Our bounds led the responsible IETF working groups to introduce concrete forgery limits for both protocols and the IRTF CFRG to consider AEAD usage limits more broadly.
The Compressible Euler and Acoustic Limits from Quantum Boltzmann Equation with Fermi–Dirac Statistics
Authors: Jiang Ning , Zhou Kai
Published: January 2024

This paper justifies the compressible Euler and acoustic limits from quantum Boltzmann equation with Fermi–Dirac statistics rigorously. By employing Hilbert expansion, in particular analyzing the nonlinear implicit transformation between the classical form of compressible Euler equations and the one obtained directly from BFD, and some new type of Grad–Caflisch type decay estimate of the linearized collision operator, we establish the compressible Euler limit from scaled BFD equation, which was formally derived by Zakrevskiy in (Kinetic models in the near-equilibrium regime. Thesis at Polytechnique, 2015) by moment method. Consequently, the acoustic limit is obtained in optimal scaling with respect to Knudsen number.
Machine learning-based radiomic analysis and growth visualization for ablation site recurrence diagnosis in follow-up CT
Authors: Yin Yunchao , de Haas Robbert J. , Alves Natalia , Pennings Jan Pieter , Ruiter Simeon J. S. , Kwee Thomas C. , Yakar Derya
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Detecting ablation site recurrence (ASR) after thermal ablation remains a challenge for radiologists due to the similarity between tumor recurrence and post-ablative changes. Radiomic analysis and machine learning methods may show additional value in addressing this challenge. The present study primarily sought to determine the efficacy of radiomic analysis in detecting ASR on follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans. The second aim was to develop a visualization tool capable of emphasizing regions of ASR between follow-up scans in individual patients.

Materials and methods

Lasso regression and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifiers were employed for modeling radiomic features extracted from regions of interest delineated by two radiologists. A leave-one-out test (LOOT) was utilized for performance evaluation. A visualization method, creating difference heatmaps (diff-maps) between two follow-up scans, was developed to emphasize regions of growth and thereby highlighting potential ASR.

Results

A total of 55 patients, including 20 with and 35 without ASR, were included in the radiomic analysis. The best performing model was achieved by Lasso regression tested with the LOOT approach, reaching an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 and an accuracy of 92.73%. The XGBoost classifier demonstrated better performance when trained with all extracted radiomic features than without feature selection, achieving an AUC of 0.93 and an accuracy of 89.09%. The diff-maps correctly highlighted post-ablative liver tumor recurrence in all patients.

Conclusions

Machine learning-based radiomic analysis and growth visualization proved effective in detecting ablation site recurrence on follow-up CT scans.
Type 1 and type 2 torpedo maculopathy
Authors: Rickmann Annekatrin , Bodenbender Jan-Philipp , Gelisken Faik , Kühlewein Laura
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To analyze torpedo maculopathy (TM) and to report the characteristics of the disease.

Methods

Retrospective study. The review of a database for clinical diagnosis identified eight patients with TM lesions in the retina between 2016 and 2022. Multimodal imaging was used to analyze the cases.

Results

All cases were unilateral, asymptomatic, and hypopigmented. They were associated by surrounding hyperpigmented retinal pigment epithelium changes to varying degrees. All lesions were located in the temporal retina on the horizontal axis, pointing towards the fovea, except for one patient with a lesion inferior to the fovea. Optical coherence tomography imaging revealed a normal inner retina in all eyes. In the area of the TM lesion, attenuation of the interdigitation zone was seen in mild cases (three cases). All other five patients had thinning of the outer nuclear layer and loss of ellipsoid zone and interdigitation zone of the TM lesion. Four of these cases had a subretinal cavitation/cleft, and two of them additionally an inner choroidal excavation. No patient had any sign of choroidal neovascularization. The average age for patients with type 1 TM was 18 years and for type 2 TM 16.5 years.

Conclusion

In this large case series, we could not detect an age difference between the different types of the TM. Contrary to previous discussions, type 2 TM can also occur in young patients.
Grenzregionen in der COVID-19-Pandemie: Wie der „Grenzschock“ die Oberrheinregion veränderte
Authors: Friedlaender Tobias , Müller Anna-Lisa
Published: January 2024

Am Beispiel der trinationalen Oberrheinregion geht dieser Artikel der Frage nach, auf welche Weise sich die im Zuge der COVID-19-Pandemie im Jahr 2020 vollzogenen Grenzschließungen und die damit verbundenen Grenzerfahrungen auf die grenzüberschreitenden Beziehungen von lokalen Akteur*innen in Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft ausgewirkt haben. Anhand qualitativer Interviewdaten zeigen wir, wie dieser pandemiebedingte „Grenzschock“ aufgenommen und der grenzüberschreitende politische und soziale Zusammenhalt auf die Probe gestellt wurde, wie aber auch die Zusammenarbeit nach einer Zeit der Irritation an die neue Situation angepasst werden konnte. Dabei befand sich die grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit in dieser Zeit in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen politisch-administrativen Vorgaben der jeweiligen nationalen Zentren und den lokal spezifischen Anforderungen einer peripher gelegenen Grenzregion. Die Daten zeigen, dass die Akteur*innen in der Oberrheinregion bei der Überwindung dieses „Grenzschocks“ auf langjährig etablierte Strukturen und Erfahrungen in der grenzüberschreitenden Zusammenarbeit zurückgreifen konnten. Die Erfahrungen während der Pandemie sorgten dabei zudem für neue Impulse für die grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit in der Oberrheinregion und stärkten den politischen Willen dafür auf verschiedenen Ebenen. Damit leistet der Artikel einen explorativen Beitrag zu den Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf Grenzregionen.
Burden of osteoarthritis in China, 1990–2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Li Hongying , Kong Weisi , Liang Yan , Sun Huixin
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to report the most current data on the incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) associated with osteoarthritis in China from 1990 to 2019. Publicly available modelled data from Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 were used. The incidence and DALY, due to osteoarthritis in China, stratified by sex, trends of associated risk factors, assess the age, period, and cohort effects on the long-term trends of osteoarthritis incidence and DALY in China from 1990 to 2019. We found that the age-standardized incidence and DALY rates of osteoarthritis in China are higher than the average levels in Asia, Africa, and Oceania. In 2019, the number of cases of osteoarthritis in China was 10,681,311, an increase of 132.66% compared with 1990. the DALY of osteoarthritis in China was 4,724,885 person-years, which was 159.70% higher than that in 1990. In 2019, the incidence and DALY rates of osteoarthritis in China was 750.96/100,000,332.19/100,000. High body-mass as risk factors for osteoarthritis DALY with the population attributable proportion (PAF) increasing steadily from 1990 to 2019. The incidence and DALY rates of three types of osteoarthritis from high to low are osteoarthritis knee, osteoarthritis hand, and osteoarthritis hip. Age–period–cohort model showed that the incidence rate of osteoarthritis in China shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with age; concurrently, the DALY rate of osteoarthritis in China increased with age. For the period effect, we found that the period rate ratio (RR) of osteoarthritis incidence and DALY rates kept increasing in the cohort born before 2005–2009, and then, it was gradually reduced by year of birth in the cohort born after 2005–2009. As for cohort effect, the cohort RR of incidence rate of osteoarthritis almost has no change, while the cohort RR of DALY rate of osteoarthritis kept increasing from 1990 to 2019. The burden and impact of osteoarthritis in China are substantial and are increasing. Adopting suitable control and preventive community measures to reduce modifiable risk factors is needed to reduce the current and future burden of osteoarthritis in China.

Key Points• This paper analyzes the disease burden of osteoarthritis in China for the first time and discusses the influence on the disease burden of osteoarthritis from the perspectives of age, period, and cohort.
Mapping the spatiotemporal variability in global storm surge water levels using satellite radar altimetry
Authors: Bij de Vaate Inger , Slobbe Dirk Cornelis , Verlaan Martin
Published: January 2024

Multi-mission satellite altimetry data have been used to study the spatial and temporal variability in global storm surge water levels. This was done by means of a time-dependent extreme value analysis applied to the monthly maximum detided water levels. To account for the limited temporal resolution of the satellite data, the data were first stacked on a $$\varvec{5}^{\varvec{\circ }} \times \varvec{5}^{\varvec{\circ }}$$

5

∘

×

5

∘

grid. Moreover, additional scaling was applied to the extreme value analysis for which the scaling factors were determined by means of a resampling method using reanalysis data. In addition to the conventional analysis using data from tide gauges, this study provides an insight in the ocean-wide storm surge properties. Nonetheless, where possible, results were compared to similar information derived from tide gauge data. Except for secular changes, the satellite-derived results are comparable to the information derived from tide gauges (correlation $$> \varvec{0.5}$$

>

0.5

), although the tide gauges show more local variability. Where limited correlation was observed for the secular change, it was suggested that the satellites may not be able to fully capture the temporal variability in the short-lived, tropical storms, as opposed to extra-tropical storms.
Preference learning and multiple criteria decision aiding: differences, commonalities, and synergies—part II
Authors: Hüllermeier Eyke , Słowiński Roman
Published: January 2024

This article elaborates on the connection between multiple criteria decision aiding (MCDA) and preference learning (PL), two research fields with different roots and developed in different communities. It complements the first part of the paper, in which we started with a review of MCDA. In this part, a similar review will be given for PL, followed by a systematic comparison of both methodologies, as well as an overview of existing work on combining PL and MCDA. Our main goal is to stimulate further research at the junction of these two methodologies.
The effects of European fiscal discipline measures on current account balances
Authors: Glebocki Keefe Helena , Hepp Ralf
Published: January 2024

Following the European Debt Crisis, there was a significant push for greater fiscal discipline across the EU member states. This began with the revitalization of the Stability and Growth Pact in 2011 and continued with the adoption of the Fiscal Stability Treaty of 2013. The measures were designed to maintain or achieve both government debt-to-GDP ratios of below 60% and government budget deficits of below 3%. This paper investigates whether the fiscal discipline measures had an impact on the relationship between fiscal and current account balances. Using the synthetic control method, we examine current account balances in each EU member state that implemented the fiscal provisions in the treaty (Title III), compared to a synthetic counterfactual economy. We find that countries most impacted by the European Debt Crisis experienced the greatest improvement in their current account deficits from the fiscal discipline measures. Several other EU member states also experienced stabilization in their current account balances compared to their synthetic counterfactuals.
Exploring the trend of recognizing apple leaf disease detection through machine learning: a comprehensive analysis using bibliometric techniques
Authors: Bonkra Anupam , Pathak Sunil , Kaur Amandeep , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: January 2024

This study’s foremost objectives were to scrutinize how unexpected weather affects agricultural output and to assess how well AI-based machine learning and deep leaning algorithms work for spotting apple leaf diseases. The researchers carried out a bibliometric study to obtain understanding of the current research trends, citation patterns, ownership and partnership arrangements, publishing patterns, and other parameters related to early identification of apple illnesses. Comprehensive interdisciplinary scientific maps are limited because syndrome recognition is not restricted to any solitary arena of research, despite the fact that there have been many studies on the identification of apple diseases. By employing a scientometric technique and 109 publications from the Scopus database published between 2011 and 2022, this study attempted to assess the condition of the research area and combine knowledge frameworks. To find important journals, authors, nations, articles, and topics, the study used the automated processes of VOSviewer and Biblioshiny software. Patterns and trends were discovered using citation counts, social network analysis, and citation and co-citation studies.
Synthesis of high-performance biocompatible polymeric membranes incorporated with zirconium-based MOF for an enhanced brackish water RO desalination
Authors: Koriem Omneya A. , Showman Marwa S. , El-Shazly Ahmed H. , Elkady Marwa
Published: January 2024

A nanosized zirconium 1,4- dicarboxybenzene metal-organic framework (UiO-66-MOF) was synthesized and impregnated into cellulose acetate (CA) polymeric matrix to enhance the membrane characteristics for brackish water desalination. Phase inversion was used for the fabrication of CA/UiO-66 hybrid membranes (CAU-X), where X is the concentration of immobilized UiO-66 nanoparticles (UiO-66-NPs) into CA polymeric matrix. Morphological structure and functional groups were investigated through different characterization techniques to prove the successful synthesis of the prepared UiO-66-NPs, the blank CA membrane, and hybrid CAU-X membranes. For more CAU-X characteristics, porosity, contact angle, and tensile strength were measured. The obtained data demonstrated that the impregnation of zirconium-based-NPs had a positive influence on the blank CA membrane properties. Additionally, the performance of the fabricated membranes was investigated in reverse osmosis (RO) bench-scale unit. The performance results for the pristine CAU-0 membrane showed a high salt rejection (SR) of 99.8% and a permeate water flux (PWF) of 1.14 L/m2.h. In comparison to pristine CA membrane, CAU-X hybrid membranes have a slightly lower SR and a higher PWF. It was found that the hybrid CAU-0.02 membrane had almost a doubled PWF of 2.8 L/m2.h with only 2% sacrificed SR of 97.6% compared with CAU-0 membrane. Moreover, a much better PWF of 3.4 L/m2h and a sufficient SR of approximetly 92% were obtained by CAU-0.05 membrane. Thus, CAU-0.05 was selected to further test its performance under different operating parameters. Results revealed that the optimum parameters were recorded for a sodium chloride feed stock of 5000 ppm operating at 25 °C temperature and pressure up to 15 bar.

Graphical Abstract
A generalized interface reaction kinetic model for describing heterogeneous processes driven by contracting mechanisms
Authors: Arcenegui-Troya Juan , Sánchez-Jiménez Pedro E. , del Rocío Rodríguez-Laguna María , Perejón Antonio , Pérez-Maqueda Luis A.
Published: January 2024

The correct determination of the kinetic model and the kinetic parameters that describe a heterogeneous process is key to accurately predicting its progress within a wide range of conditions, which is one of the main purposes of kinetic analysis. Albeit ideal kinetic models continue to be used to gain insight about the process mechanism, they are constrained by certain assumptions that are rarely met in real experiments and limit their applicability. This is the case of contracting (or interface) kinetic models, which are one of the most commonly used. Thus, the ideal kinetic model R2 is derived by assuming a cylindrical contraction in the radial direction but not contemplating the possibility of a contraction in the direction of the axis of the cylinder. Moreover, in the case of the ideal model R3, it is assumed that contraction takes place simultaneously in particles of identical dimensions in all three directions of space (spheres or cubes). Here, it is revisited this type of model, and it is considered the contraction of particles with different geometries, namely cylinders with different aspect ratios and rectangular cuboids. Besides, a novel generalized interface reaction model is proposed, which covers all the studied cases and broadens the range of applicability to more complex situations involving different geometries and inhomogeneous particle sizes. Finally, the proposed model is applied to the analysis of the experimental thermal dissociation of ammonium nitrate, previously described in the literature as a sublimation process. It is proved that the novel kinetic model provides a more accurate description of the kinetics of the reaction and better prediction capabilities.
An experimental study on thermophysical properties of nano-$${\text{TiO}}_{2}$$-enhanced phase change materials for cold climate applications
Authors: Ravasio Lucrezia , Hayat Muhammad Aamer , Calay Rajnish Kaur , Riise Raymond , Chen Yong
Published: January 2024

In high-energy-demand regions, such as the Arctic, the building sector is focused on reducing the carbon footprint and mitigating environmental impact. To achieve this, phase change materials (PCMs) are being investigated for thermal energy storage due to their high latent heat of fusion. However, their limited applications arise from poor thermal conductivity. In addressing this issue, the research delves into the preparation and characterization of nano-PCMs. These materials, synthesized in a laboratory setting, exhibit enhanced thermal performance compared to pure PCMs, attributed to the incorporation of nanoparticles in the material composition. Therefore, in the study, three paraffins with different melting temperatures (10, 15 and 18 °C) are modified by incorporating titanium oxide at various concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mass%). Thermal conductivity and latent heat capacity measurements were undertaken using a thermal conductivity measuring apparatus and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The aim was to evaluate the enhanced performance of the modified PCMs in comparison with pure PCMs and to assess their suitability for cold climate regions. Results showed that nanoparticle incorporation increased thermal conductivity by up to 37%, albeit with a slight reduction in latent heat capacity of up to 12%. Among the samples, RT18 exhibited the most significant improvement in thermal conductivity, while RT10 experienced a minor decrease in enthalpy values. Ultimately, RT10 was identified as the optimal PCM option for cold climates, as its phase change temperature range aligns with the outdoor temperatures in the Arctic.
Recurrent segmentation meets block models in temporal networks
Authors: Wickrama Arachchi Chamalee , Tatti Nikolaj
Published: January 2024

A popular approach to model interactions is to represent them as a network with nodes being the agents and the interactions being the edges. Interactions are often timestamped, which leads to having timestamped edges. Many real-world temporal networks have a recurrent or possibly cyclic behaviour. In this paper, our main interest is to model recurrent activity in such temporal networks. As a starting point we use stochastic block model, a popular choice for modelling static networks, where nodes are split intoRgroups. We extend the block model to temporal networks by modelling the edges with a Poisson process. We make the parameters of the process dependent on time by segmenting the time line intoKsegments. We require that only$$H \le K$$H≤Kdifferent set of parameters can be used. If$$H < K$$H<K, then several, not necessarily consecutive, segments must share their parameters, modelling repeating behaviour. We propose two variants where a group membership of a node is fixed over the course of entire time line and group memberships are allowed to vary from segment to segment. We prove that searching for optimal groups and segmentation in both variants isNP-hard. Consequently, we split the problem into 3 subproblems where we optimize groups, model parameters, and segmentation in turn while keeping the remaining structures fixed. We propose an iterative algorithm that requires$$\mathcal {O} \left( KHm + Rn + R^2\,H\right)$$OKHm+Rn+R2Htime per iteration, wherenandmare the number of nodes and edges in the network. We demonstrate experimentally that the number of required iterations is typically low, the algorithm is able to discover the ground truth from synthetic datasets, and show that certain real-world networks exhibit recurrent behaviour as the likelihood does not deteriorate whenHis lowered.
Assessing tsunami risk along the Aceh coast, Indonesia: a quantitative analysis of fault rupture potential and early warning system efficacy for predicting arrival time and flood extent
Authors: Benazir  , Oktari Rina Suryani
Published: January 2024

The Aceh coast (western Indonesia) is prone to regular tsunamis, as evidenced by historical records and paleo-tsunami studies. Effective community preparedness and response plans are essential in this context. Critical to these efforts is understanding the Estimated Times of Arrival (ETAs) of tsunamis, which dictate the vital window for post-earthquake actions and the likelihood of survival during an approaching tsunami. Our study aimed to assess the time available for communities in Aceh and nearby islands (Weh, Nasi, Breuh, Simeulue, Banyak) to respond and evacuate following an earthquake. We investigated ETA influenced by faults like Aceh-Andaman, Nias-Simeulue, and Batu segments, considering earthquake scenarios: 9.15 Mw (2004 tsunami reconstruction), 9.2 Mw, 8.9 Mw, and 8.6 Mw for Nias-Simeulue and Batu segments. Using the nonlinear shallow water equation (NSWE) model and numerical discretization with the finite difference method, we simulated tsunamis and projected arrival times. Our findings highlighted critical ETA ranges: 8–25 min on northern coasts, 19–37 min on western shores, 17–27 min on southwestern coasts, and 11–67 min on southern coasts. These results are essential for enhancing early warning systems and optimizing evacuation plans, and bolstering coastal community preparedness and resilience to tsunamis. Further studies are needed to conduct a comprehensive investigation of ETA, which includes potential rupture scenarios and a wider observation area, including expanding the modeling of tsunami generation mechanisms, which includes tsunamis generated by underwater landslides due to earthquakes or volcanic activity. Assessing ETA is pivotal for tsunami preparedness, contributing to more effective early warning systems and evacuation strategies. Integrating our ETA findings into policies will significantly enhance the preparedness and resilience of coastal communities in the face of ongoing tsunami risks. This study represents a valuable contribution to disaster risk reduction, offering actionable insights for safeguarding vulnerable coastal regions.
Consistent travelling wave characteristic of space–time fractional modified Benjamin–Bona–Mahony and the space–time fractional Duffing models
Authors: Arefin Mohammad Asif , Zaman U. H. M. , Uddin M. Hafiz , Inc Mustafa
Published: January 2024

Study on solitary wave phenomenon are closely related on the dynamics of the plasma and optical fiber system, which carry on broad range of wave propagation. The space–time fractional modified Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation and Duffing model are important modeling equations in acoustic gravity waves, cold plasma waves, quantum plasma in mechanics, elastic media in nonlinear optics, and the damping of material waves. This study has effectively developed analytical wave solutions to the aforementioned models, which may have significant consequences for characterizing the nonlinear dynamical behavior related to the phenomenon. Conformable derivatives are used to narrate the fractional derivatives. The expanded tanh-function method is used to look into such kinds of resolutions. An ansatz for analytical traveling wave solutions of certain nonlinear evolution equations was originally a power sequence in tanh. The discovered explanations are useful, reliable, and applicable to chaotic vibrations, problems of optimal control, bifurcations to global and local, also resonances, as well as fusion and fission phenomena in solitons, scalar electrodynamics, the relation of relativistic energy–momentum, electromagnetic interactions, theory of one-particle quantum relativistic, and cold plasm. The solutions are drafted in 3D, contour, listpoint, and 2D patterns, and include multiple solitons, bell shape, kink type, single soliton, compaction solitary wave, and additional sorts of solutions. With the aid of Maple and MATHEMATICA, these solutions were verified and discovered that they were correct. The mentioned method applied for solving NLFPDEs has been designed to be practical, straightforward, rapid, and easy to use.
Effect of tourist activity on wastewater quality in selected wastewater treatment plants in the Balearic Islands (Spain)
Authors: Rodríguez-Alcántara Joselin S. , Cruz-Pérez Noelia , Rodríguez-Martín Jesica , García-Gil Alejandro , Santamarta Juan C.
Published: January 2024

Unregulated sewage discharge into the sea poses a considerable danger to marine ecosystems, with coastal regions being particularly vulnerable to this because of the impact of tourism. This issue is amplified during the summer season, as the Balearic Islands are a heavily frequented destination. This study aims to determine the water quality in five different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) representative on the islands. For this purpose, we analysed several parameters, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), treated water flow, suspended solids (SS), nitrates (N) and phosphorus (P), at the inlet and outlet of the WWTPs for 5 years. We set particular thresholds for each parameter and documented any breach by comparing the findings with the existing regulations. The least favourable results indicate non-compliance regarding N and P levels throughout the entire study period, as well as a lack of reduction percentage. Furthermore, flow analysis reflects the significant influence of tourism on water quality, with notable increases in both population and treated water volume during the peak tourist season. Overall, the investigation offers a robust foundation for comprehending water quality in relation to coastal landscape in the Balearic Islands. It pinpoints significant worry spots and underscores tourism’s immediate impact on this ecological feature.