bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NiMo Nanoparticles Electrodeposited by Pulsed Current and Their Catalytic Properties for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Lucatero Savidra , Tamayo Gabriel , Crespo Diego , Mariño Ernesto , Videa Marcelo
Published: August 2018

The electrocatalytic activity of NiMo nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated by means of current pulses from a binary electrolyte was characterized using cyclic voltammetry. The pulse current density, jpulse, was varied in the range of 7 to 430 mA/cm2, whereas the pulse time, tpulse, was kept constant at two seconds. Mean NP size, Dmean, ranged within 27 and 38 nm at jpulse values between 15 and 140 mA/cm2; with Dmean increasing as jpulse was higher. NP dispersion (i. e., number of objects per unit area of substrate) was lower when jpulse values were also low (15 and 35 mA/cm2), which showed consistency with a promoted nuclei formation and prolonged NP growth at higher jpulse values. An improved catalytic performance for hydrogen evolution was determined upon increasing jpulse in the range of 7 to 70 mA/cm2 and remaining practically unvaried at higher jpulse values. The electrosynthesis of two distinct catalytic materials was indicated by electrochemical characterization of deposits; the material with greatest catalytic activity also showed high instability, causing a dramatic decay (~80%) in the activity after two consecutive cycles of operation. Ni and Mo content in electrodeposits were both sensitive to variations in jpulse.
Understanding the Surface State and Proton Adsorption Phenomena on Ni-based Alloys at the Hydrogen Evolution Zone in Alkaline Medium by EIS-XPS
Authors: Oliver-Tolentino1 Miguel A. , Cabrera-Sierra Roman , Lartundo-Rojas Luis , Lucero-Guerrero J. , Sotelo-Boyas R. , Manzo-Robledo Arturo
Published: August 2018

In this work, well-defined Ni-based alloys, labeled M1 (Ni0.8CoO0.1Zn0.05MnO0.02Ti0.01Y0.01Al0.01) and M2 (NiO0.8CoO0.1Zn0.05MnO0.02Ti0.01Y0.01Al0.01), were prepared by ball-milling technique and used as electrodes for the generation of hydrogen. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed in order to understand the surface state and proton adsorption phenomena during cathodic polarization. It was found that high concentration species such as NiO and/or Ni(OH)2 induces passivation effect, suppressing the HER by increasing the electrode resistance. The charge transfer, double layer capacitance and adsorption of protons toward the electrode interface ware found to be highly controlled by the intrinsic nature of the alloy in turn.
Deposition of High-k Samarium Oxide Membrane on Polysilicon for the Extented-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (EGFET) Applications
Authors: Kao Chyuan-Haur , Chen Hsiang , Wang Jer-Chyi , Chu Yu-Cheng , Lai Chiao-Sung , Lin Shih-Po , Huang Chuan-Yu , Ou Jiun-Cheng
Published: August 2018

The paper reports samarium oxide as pH. sensing membrane on polysilicon combined with proper post deposition annealing for the extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) application at the first time. It can be found that the high-k samarium oxide membrane annealed at 700 ºC could obtain high sensitivity, high linearity, low hysteresis voltage, and low drift rate due to improvements ofcrystalline structures. The high-k Sm2O3 sensing membrane shows great promise for future bio-medical device applications.
Preparation and Characterization of SrO/Cu2O for Phorocatalytic Oxidation of Diphenylamine under UV Light
Authors: Kumar P. Senthil , Karuthapandian S. , Balakumar S. , Thanikaikarasan S. , Alvarez Peggy , D. Eapen D.
Published: August 2018

Generally cuprous oxide has higher photocatalytic activity in the visible region. It is widely applicable in the field of dye degradation. SrO/Cu2O nanocomposites were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized using SEM, EDAX, AFM and particle size analyzer. SEM, EDAX, AFM and particle size analysis studies indicate that SrO/Cu2O composites are in nano-size range. The catalytic efficiency of nanocomposites was compared with commercial mixture of SrO/Cu2O photocatalyzed oxidation of diphenylamine (DPA) using UV light of wavelength 365 nm on SrO/Cu2O nanocomposites and SrO/Cu2O semiconductor mixture surfaces in ethanol yield N-phenyl-pbenzoquinonimine. The photocatalysis was examined as a function of (DPA), airflow rate and intensity of illumination. The photocatalytic studies revealed the sustainable photocatalytic efficiencies. The product formation was high with illumination at 254 nm than at 365 nm. Electron donors like triphenylphosphene, hydroquinone and tetraethylamine do not enhance the photo-oxidation. Both anionic and cationic surfactants favor photocatalysis. Vinyl monomers neither slowdown the photo-oxidation nor undergo polymerization. Singlet oxygen quencher azide ion does not suppress the photo-oxidation. Singlet oxygen generator enhances the photocatalysis. The catalytic efficiencies of nanocomposites were nearly four times higher than that of commercial mixture of SrO/Cu2O.
Study on the Treatment of Circulating Water: PPy/PAN-based Activated Carbon Fiber Felt Composite as Electro-adsorption Electrode
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhou Junbo , Wang Jing
Published: August 2018

This study adopted PPy/PAN-based carbon fiber felt composite as a new electrode for desalination experiment. The result shows that this kind of composite electrode can significantly reduce the outlet conductivity when inlet chemical oxygen demand (COD) is over 300 mg/l. It additionally reduces COD to the value obtained with other electrodes.
Formation of Bi-Li Alloy and its Mechanism to Improve the Hydrolysis Kinetics of Aluminum
Authors: Xia Wei , Li Zhujian , Long Haifei , Chen Jindan , Li Ting , Fan Mei Qiang , Zou Yong Jin
Published: August 2018

The formation of Bi-Li alloy and its potential mechanism to improve the hydrolysis kinetics of Al had been presented in the paper. Bi-Li alloy could exist steadily and deposited on Al surface uniformly from XRD and SEM-EDX results because Bi-Li alloy had low melting temperature. The formation of Al- BiLi3 microstructure created active sites which produced galvanic micro cell of Al and Bi in the hydrolysis process. Therefore, hydrolysis performance of Al- BiLi3 composites was significantly improved with BiLi3 content increasing.
Plasma Enrichment of Electrochemical Properties of Conductive Polymers
Authors: Pietrowski P. , Lota G. , Pęziak D. , Lota K.
Published: August 2018

The polyaniline and polyaniline with carbon were treated in low temperature plasma process. Two steps treatment was applied, i.e. first with Ar and then with CO2 reactive gas in a new plasma device with rotary chamber. Textural properties of the polymers were characterized using low temperature isotherms of N2. Electrochemical properties of the polymers were carried out using galvanostatic studies, cycling voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The physicochemical and electrochemical measurements have confirmed that capacitance properties are connected with a plasma exposition. Plasma modification process has visible influence on the changes in polymers porosity. The moderate increase of capacitance of the modified polymers has been also observed.
Effect of Substituents on the Electrochemical Reversible Discharge Capacity of Cobalt Hydroxide Electrodes
Authors: Ramesh Thimmasandra Narayan
Published: August 2018

Cobalt hydroxide, nickel hydroxide-cobalt hydroxide and zinc oxide-cobalt hydroxide biphasic mixtures were prepared by precipitation method. In spite of structural similarities exhibited by nickel hydroxide and cobalt hydroxide samples, former is a good electrode material and exchanges 1e-/Ni while latter does not show any reversibility. Presence of small amount of other metal ions such as nickel or zinc in the lattice of cobalt hydroxide or as a biphasic mixture of cobalt hydroxide-nickel hydroxide/cobalt hydroxide- zinc oxide, exchange up to 0.2 to 0.24e- exchange compared to pure cobalt hydroxide which shows 0.1 e- exchange.
Electrochemical Performance of FeF3·0.33H2O/MWCNTs Composite Cathode Synthesized by Solvothermal Process
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Wang Li , Li Jianjun , He Xiangming , Wen Lei , Gao Jian , Liu Hengwei , Zhang Yufeng , Zhao Peng
Published: August 2018

This paper reports a FeF3·0.33H2O/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite for energy storage applications. The composite material is prepared by solvothermal reaction with FeF3·3H2O and MWCNTs as precursors, and FeF3·3H2O was removed of crystalliferous water and converted to FeF3·0.33H2O during solvothermal treatment. Structural characterizations show that FeF3·0.33H2O that crystalline with a diameter of about 30 nm were distributed in the network of MWCNTs. As a cathode material for lithium ion batteries, FeF3·0.33H2O/MWCNTs was superior to pure FeF3·0.33H2O in terms of high capacity (an initial capacity of 181 mAh g-1 in 2.0-4.3 V at 20 mA g-1), good cycleability (50% capacity retension at 50th cycle) and good rate capability (116 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1). The enhanced performances were attributed to the conductive MWCNT network which improved the electron transport ability and buffered volume change of the cathode.
Improvement of Microbial Fuel Cell Performance by Selection of Anodic Materials and Enrichment of Inoculum
Authors: Hernández-Flores G. , Poggi-Varaldo H. M. , Solorza-Feria O. , Noyola M. T. Ponce , Romero-Castanón T. , Rinderknecht-Seijas N.
Published: August 2018

This work aimed at evaluating the effect of four anodic materials and the use of enriched inocula on the microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. The anodic materials were granular activated carbon (GAC), graphite rod (GR), triangles of graphite (GT) and graphite flakes (GF). When loaded with a sulfate-reducing inoculum (SR-In) the internal resistance (Rint) obtained were 273, 410 and 795 Ω for GF, GT, GR, respectively and higher than 10 000 Ω for GAC, whereas the maximum volumetric power (PV,max) were 1326, 2108 and 3052 mW m-3 for GR, GT and GF, respectively. We observed a decrease of Rint and an increase of PV,max with the increase of the log of A´s of the graphite anodic materials that was consistent with a mathematical model previously reported by our Group. The use of the Fe (III)-reducing inoculum significantly enhanced the MFC performance; PV,max was up to 5000 mW m-3, 40% higher than the power obtained with SR-In whereas the Rint was 140 ohms. Highest PVs of our MFC were close to values of electricity power derived from the anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewaters. In this regard, results of this work point out to a promising approach to further tapping bioelectricity from organic wastes that previously have yielded biohydrogen.
Enhanced Hydrolysis Performance of Al-Li-Ni3Sn2 Composites for Hydrogen Generation and Relative Mechanism
Authors: Xia Wei , Li Zhujian , Long Haifei , Chen Jindan , Li Ting , Fan Mei Qiang , Zou Yong Jin
Published: August 2018

The Al-Li-Ni3Sn2 composites were prepared via milling method and their hydrolysis performance was presented in the paper. The milled Al-Li-Ni3Sn2 composites showed high hydrolysis performance at 30-600C, especially that Al-3.5wt%Li-20wt%Ni3Sn2 composite had 100% and 1103 ml hydrogen/g of hydrogen yield within 20 min at 500C.The hydrolysis performance improvement of Al-Li-Ni3Sn2 composite was due to the addition of Ni3Sn2 while Ni3Sn2 combined with Al and formed nano structure of Ni-based alloys deposited on the surface of Al. The structure of Al-(Ni alloy) could act as active sites in the hydrolysis process because the milled products such as AlNi, Al-NiSn and Al- Ni3Sn2 had high electrochemical activity in the hydrolysis process. Therefore, Al-Li-Ni3Sn2 composites were a potential hydrogen source for fuel cell.
Electrodeposition and Characterization of Mesoporous Nanostructured Cobalt Films using Brij78 Templated
Authors: Ghanem M. A. , El-Hallag I. S.
Published: August 2018

In this manuscript the preparation of highly ordered mesoporous cobalt films containing close packed arrays of spherical holes of uniform size was demonstrated by electrochemical deposition using the hexagonal liquid crystal template (H1-e Co). The template used was Brij®78 surfactant. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), voltammetric methods, and low angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the electrodeposited mesopores films. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique are used to show the mesoporous thin films are promising to be used as electrode materials of high - performance super capacitors.
Effects of Introducing 2-aminoethanethiol into 4-pyridineethanethiol Self-assembled Monolayer Applicable to Enhance Sensitivity of Hg(II) Electrochemical Analysis
Authors: Phong P. H. , Huyen D. T. , Anh N. H. , Ha V. T.T.
Published: August 2018

In our work, enhancement of sensitivity of Hg(II) determination by introducing 2-aminoethanethiol (AET) from solutions into the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 4-pyridineethanethiol (PET) on gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) capped on glassy carbon electrode was studied. The formation of binary SAMs was indicated by the shift of reductive desorption peak to negative potentials in voltammograms recorded in 0.5 M KOH solution. Effects of introduction AET were monitored by FTIR that there was a rapid increase of intensities at bands of 1296 and 1189 cm-1 ascribed to (C-H) ring deformation and (C-N) ring stretching, respectively, with increasing immersion time. However, these bands became lower with prolonging more time as well as increasing the concentration of AET in solution. These effects were interpreted due to the conformation of pyridine ring and formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between PET and AET. The differential pulse voltammetry for reoxidation of Hg(0) showed the increase of peak current induced by the first effect, whereas the later caused the decrease. Since the optimized conditions, the detection limit for the binary SAMs could approach to 3.85 × 10-12 M Hg(II), approximately three times lower than that of PET SAM.
My committment to veganism as responsible consumption in reference to SDG 12
Authors: Starr Jade
Published: August 2018

This article examines the author’s committment to veganism in the context of SDG 12 “Responsible Consumption and Production”. Refering to the framework of education for sustainable development learning objectives outlined in the 2017 UNESCO publication, Education for Sustainable Development Goals: Learning Objectives (lead author Marco Rieckmann) the author relates her lifestyle choice to the three domains of learning objectives: cognitive, socio-emotional and behavioural.
Study on Carbothermal Reduction of Titania in Molten Iron
Authors: Deng Yong , Zhang Jianliang , Jiao Kexin
Published: August 2018

In order to improve the reduction rate of titania in molten iron, various iron powders containing C, Si, Mn and S were melted. The experiments were carried out on the reduction of titania through a high-temperature tube furnace at 1,723–1,823 K. The quantitative effects of C, Si, Mn, S and temperature on the reduction of titania were investigated in the current study. The results demonstrated that when the carbon content, the manganese content and the temperature increased by 1 %, 0.1 % and 100 K, the reduction rate increased by 0.008 %/h, 0.001125 %/h and 0.0235 %/h, respectively; when the sulfur content increased by 0.01 %, the reduction rate decreased by 0.004875 %/h; the reduction rate was irregular with the change of silicon content in molten iron. The phase at the reaction interface after the experiment was confirmed to be the Fe2Ti3O9 which was considered to be the combination product between iron oxide and titania; the lower titanium oxides were unstable and hard to be observed. The reduction was affected by the concentration of various elements in molten iron and the activity interaction coefficients between various elements. The rate constants for reduction were calculated at 1,723 K, 1,773 K and 1,823 K; the apparent activation energy was calculated as 209 kJ/mol through the rate constants and temperatures according to the Arrhenius equation.
The Sequence of the Phase Growth during Diffusion in Ti-Based Systems
Authors: Wierzba Bartek , Nowak Wojciech J. , Serafin Daria
Published: August 2018

The interdiffusion in Ti-based alloys was studied. It was shown that during diffusion at 1,123 K formation of four intermetallic phases occurs. The diffusion paths for six different diffusion couples were determined. Moreover, the entropy production was calculated – the approximation used for determination of the sequence of intermetallic phase formation. In theoretical analysis, the intrinsic diffusion coefficients were determined from the modified Wagner method.
Tyto furcata(Tytonidae: Strigiformes) pellets: tools to access the richness of small mammals of a poorly known Caatinga area in northeast Brazil
Authors: Mancini Matheus C.S. , Roth Paulo Ricardo O. , Brennand Pamela G.G. , Ruiz-Esparza Aguilar Juan M. , Rocha Patrício A.
Published: August 2018

Owls are efficient predators and are widely distributed around the globe. Remains of undigested prey is regurgitated by these birds in the form of pellets, and these are a valuable source of information about prey communities and the diet of owls. In this study, the composition of mammals present in the diet of owls that inhabit different caves was evaluated through the analysis of their pellets. We found 373 pellets from seven caves, and small mammals composed at least 80% of the diet of these birds in all caves. The mammal composition found in the pellets showed a richness of 26 distinct taxa including 12 rodents, three marsupials and 11 bats. In this work, we highlight the richness of small mammals in a poorly known Caatinga area. We also highlight the importance of morphology and taxonomy in supporting this kind of research, which relies upon vertebrate parts as its source of information for identification. Finally, we reiterate the efficiency of the study of owl pellets as a rapid approach for assessing local mammal richness and as a complementary method in studies of diversity and conservation.
¿De qué sirve leer y escribir? Transversalizar la lectura y escritura en la escuela para apostarle a la imaginación y a la creación
Authors: Jiménez Herrera Ana María
Published: August 2018

Este artículo propone ahondar en la percepción manifiesta de la lectura y la escritura y su enseñanza por parte de los estudiantes, los padres de familia y la profesora de la Sede Manuela Beltrán del Colegio Pío XII en el municipio de Guatavita, en relación a su contexto social. Aunque este proceso pedagógico es percibido de diferentes maneras entre los actores, cada uno de ellos identifica en la capacidad de “crear” e “imaginar” un papel fundamental en el aprendizaje de los niños. Saber leer y escribir cobra sentido porque les sirve para usar la imaginación, ligándolo así mismo a lo que les será útil en su proyecto de vida. Es un estudio de caso producto en gran medida de dos grupos focales con los estudiantes y los padres de familia y una entrevista a la profesora, quienes hablaron desde su rol dentro de la escuela y desde las experiencias vividas durante el tiempo que llevan allí. Además, se tuvo en cuenta la asistencia a la semana de socialización de los trabajos de final de año durante noviembre de 2016.Los últimos dos grados de esta escuela están a cargo de la profesora Nelly Fetiva, quien ha transversalizando la lectura y la escritura para la enseñanza de todas las áreas de conocimiento, percibiéndolo como una posibilidad de obtener elementos que fortalecen sus estrategias pedagógica que le han facilitado la enseñanza. Por último, en el transcurso del artículo se busca mostrar las percepciones identificadas en el estudio de caso a la luz de las políticas nacionales e internacionales relacionadas con la lectura y la escritura, encontrando relaciones entre las perspectivas globales y las percepciones locales del municipio de Guatavita.
Beneficios tributarios por inversión en proyectos de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+I): un análisis de la normatividad vigente para el caso colombiano
Authors: Bustos Osorio Adriana Rocío
Published: August 2018

El contexto cultural regional y el vertiginoso cambio en políticas públicas, generan cambios importantes en el ámbito tributario, que contribuye a su vez al desarrollo de la ciencia. En nuestro país, la apuesta de inversión a la investigación tiene inicio con Colciencias como encargado de temas de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (en adelante CTeI). La creación de centros de educación superior con programas de ingeniería junto con las políticas industriales en Colombia, introducen un nuevo ciclo en la formación de capital humano para las actividades de ciencia y tecnología, las cuales buscan incentivar una modernización social a gran escala. Los incentivos tributarios por inversión en investigación que se establecen en la normativa tributaria colombiana, son indispensables para la rentabilidad de muchas compañías del país que no logran dimensionar lo que una inversión de este tipo puede representar en una relación costo-beneficio positiva.El presente documento hace un análisis del conjunto de incentivos tributarios diseñados en la legislación nacional para el desarrollo de labores de CTeI y algunos de los impactos que pueden tener para las empresas que se desarrollen en el sector.
Evaluación de la resistencia al impacto y a la tracción de un material compuesto de polietileno de alta densidad y guadua usando un diseño factorial
Authors: Polanía Diego Fernando Lemus , Niño Jimmy A. , Rojas Alberto
Published: August 2018

Este artículo presenta la evaluación de las fibras de guadua como material de refuerzo en la matriz termoplástica de polietileno de alta densidad que contiene un agente de acople comercial (polybond 1009). Por medio de un diseño factorial 23 se evaluaron las diferencias entre el material compuesto (polietileno y guadua) y el material base (polietileno de alta densidad) para diferentes propiedades mecánicas.Como resultado se obtiene una disminución del 45% en la resistencia al impacto y un aumento del 49% en la resistencia a la tensión al comparar el material compuesto con el base. Resulta importante señalar que, a pesar de tener una menor resistencia al impacto, el módulo de elasticidad del material compuesto aumenta en un 234% evidenciando el papel que desempeñan las fibras de guaduacomo material de refuerzo.
Pliometría y velocidad en jóvenes tenistas
Authors: Celis Moreno Jorge Mauricio , Sabogal Alarcón Esteban
Published: August 2018

Este estudio investigó los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento pliométrico y de velocidad de ocho semanas en jóvenes tenistas (n=12): seis hombres (edad: 13.87±0.94 años, altura: 161.17±6.5 cm, peso: 45.82±5.57 kg) y seis mujeres (edad: 14.83±1.38 años, altura: 154.22±7.06 cm, peso: 49.45±9.15 kg). Los protocolos de salto horizontal, velocidad en 20 m y agilidad 10 x 5 m fueron evaluados antes, durante y al finalizar el programa. Se determinó el estado de maduración y se elaboró el perfil antropométrico. Los resultados muestran que después del programa de entrenamiento todas las pruebas mejoraron, principalmente el salto horizontal en las mujeres (p≤0.05), velocidad en 20 m y agilidad 10 x 5 m en hombres (p≤0.05). Enconclusión, los tenistas mejoraron en los protocolos después de participar en el programa de entrenamiento, siendo un hallazgo importante para el desempeño en campo.
Viešųjų bibliotekų inovatyvių paslaugų taikant projektinę veiklą vertinimas
Authors: Stasėnaitė Violeta , Orlakaitė Gabija
Published: August 2018

A global, dynamic and creative environment of the information society designs new users’ information needs, and it incites information and memory institutions to look for innovative forms and ways to meet these needs and create new services. Project activities are a new area of library activities, providing an opportunity to expand the package of services. The evaluation of the outcome of the project activities – new services – is one of the most important ways to show that a library is useful and valuable for certain groups in society. This article deals with the links between innovativeness and the project activities of libraries, raising a question for empirical research: how does the society participating in project activities of libraries evaluate the innovative services developed during the projects? The conducted research presents the quality of services developed by the Šiauliai District Municipality Public Library during the projects carried out in 2015–2016 from the users’ viewpoint in accordance with the evaluation criteria defined in the SERVQUAL service quality measurement methodology, i.e., reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness. The research shows that undertaking project activities is necessary for the modern public library, as it increases the attractiveness of the library, improves its image and attracts new users. The willingness of users to participate in future projects reveals that such criteria of activities as responsiveness, assurance and empathy are evaluated positively. The respondents positively evaluate the benefit provided by project activities. They mostly emphasize the opportunity to broaden their intellectual horizons, purposefully spend leisure time and become more active and sociable.
Moterų benamystė: priežastys, įtaka sveikatai, išgyvenimo strategijos ir benamėms teikiamos socialinės pagalbos formos
Authors: Mikėnė Svajonė
Published: August 2018

only abstract and keywords in English; full article, abstract and keywords in Lithuanian]

This article presents a scientific literature review of foreign and Lithuanian publications revealing the specifics of women’s homelessness. The concept of homelessness, types of homelessness, general homelessness and the causes why women are becoming homeless are discussed. The peculiarities of women’s homelessness are analyzed, revealing the vulnerability of homeless women and the victimization they experience, and describes the various consequences that homelessness has for physical and mental health. The article also presents a summary of strategies applied by homeless women that help them survive on the street: they involve having an intimate partner as a protector, changing their image according to particular circumstances, strategies of invisibility and breaking the rules of public space as well as using alcohol as a means of reconciliation with homelessness. We discuss the services provided by the Special Help Centers in Lithuania, which are provided for victims of domestic violence, other specialized forms of assistance for women and social assistance measures provided by the Vilnius and Kaunas municipalities to homeless people and social risk persons. Finally, we suggest directions for future empirical research. The analysis shows that homeless women are more stigmatized and more socially excluded, and that they are more vulnerable to the effects that homelessness has on health. Violence is both a common cause of women becoming homelessness and a “companion” in during periods of homelessness. Studies conducted in foreign countries show that homeless women apply various survival strategies and tactics that increase the physical safety of women, reduce the opportunities for violence and abuse, and allow them not to feel as if they are excluded from society. The use of alcohol as a measure of reconciliation with a given situation (and often the cause of homelessness) is very widespread among homeless men and women, which, on the one hand, helps to keep in touch with other homeless people but otherwise hinders reintegration into the society. The state and its municipalities are increasingly focusing on improving social assistance and services for homeless people and social risk groups. Municipalities should carry out regular assessments of how much social assistance is focused on the individual needs of homeless women, what part of this social group it has managed to reach out to and how to measure the effectiveness/adequacy of the assistance provided.
Prekių ženklų krizės ir jų komunikacijos strategijos
Authors: Černikovaitė Miglė Eleonora Eleonora
Published: August 2018

[only abstract and keywords in English; full article, abstract and keywords in Lithuanian]

This article analyzes the problem of the brand crisis in contemporary business. The brand crisis is said to be a public and press-related event that is most commonly caused by consumers voicing their experiences regarding unsafe, poor-quality or even harmful products. It is noted that the crisis can affect the entire product category of the company or only a certain group of goods and damage the everyday business, thus endangering future activities, leading to material losses and damaging other property – the company’s image and reputation. The aim of this article is to analyze the causes of Lithuanian brand crises and to identify the strategies of brand communication crises that would allow the companies to manage their images in crisis situations. Based on a quantitative analysis of the content analysis, separate examples of Lithuanian brand crises, their social responsibility issues and risk management, as well as the brand management issues, were analyzed. It discusses how to prepare a communication strategy for managing a brand crisis that would reduce reputational risk and anticipate an action plan to “exit” from the crisis with the smallest business losses.The results of the survey showed that the reputation of the crisis does not differ between the less or more commonly chosen brands, the awareness of the crisis did not differ between the most commonly chosen Lithuanian brands and those that are more likely to pick up their competitors’ goods. This shows that manufacturers and/or vendors must take care to communicate not only with their loyal customers and provide and explanation of how to deal with a crisis in order to minimize damages, but that manufacturers and/or vendors must also ensure that this message reaches all potential users of the product category.Often, the authors point out two more components of the impact of the crisis, namely the perception of reliability and the perceived risk and the importance of brand loyalty. Crisis communication strategies suggest that these variables should be included, as this can help in identifying what exactly affects the perceptions and behavioral changes of consumers after a brand crisis.
Hilbert spaces with generic predicates
Authors: Berenstein Alexander , Hyttinen Tapani , Villaveces Andrés
Published: August 2018

Estudiamos la teoría de modelos de expansiones de espacios de Hilbert mediante predicados genéricos. Primero demostramos la existencia de modelo-compañeras de expansiones genéricas de espacios de Hilbert mediante una función-distancia a una estructura aleatoria, y luego una distancia a un subconjunto aleatorio. La teoría obtenida con la subestructura aleatoria es ω-estable; la obtenida mediante la distancia a subconjunto aleatorio es TP2 y NSOP1. Este ejemplo es la primera estructura de esta clase de complejidad en lógica continua.
Knowledge on Use and Effects of Drug and Substance Abuse among Youth Aged 13 To 24 Years in Raila Village, Kibera Slum, Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Wawira Njiru Zipporah , Nduta Dr. Margaret , A.H Zipporrah , M. Gideon
Published: August 2018

Drug and substance abuse is a global problem and is one of the major problems affecting the youth both in school and out of school as a result of drug and substance abuse. The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge on use and effects of drugs and substance abuse among the youth aged 13-24 years in Raila village, Kibera slum, Nairobi.  The study hoped to provide additional information to the already existing records about drug and substance abuse which can be of much importance to future scholars and those interested in researching on the same issue and the relevant authorities like the Ministry of Health to find out the effective measures to put in place in order to solve this issue. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional study design, involving both quantitative and qualitative methods. The sample size used was 87 respondents. Random Sampling method was used to select the 87 subjects. Data was collected through interviewer administered questionnaires containing both open-ended and closed ended questions and data was analyzed through the statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Excel was used for graphical presentation. The study established that majority of the youth (77) out of the 87 respondents aged 13 to 24 years had adequate knowledge on use and effects of drugs and substances abuse although despite the knowledge, some of them were abusing drugs and substances.  The study also found out that majority (50%) of the youth who were abusing drugs and substances were the ones who had completed secondary school education but had not gone to tertiary level and those who did not complete secondary school education. The study recommends continuous awareness programs, creation of opportunities and direct intervention measures in order to address the challenge of drugs and substances abuse.
Theoretical Sampling in Qualitative Research: A Multi-Layered Nested Sampling Scheme
Authors: Qureshi Henna A.
Published: August 2018

In qualitative research, novice grounded theorists are aware of expectations to use theoretical sampling yet they have vague idea of how to conduct theoretical sampling. An analysis of sampling pattern of the study using grounded theory and theoretical sampling revealed a systematic sampling scheme employing multiple techniques. The study was conducted using theoretical sampling; twenty-five in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with professors and postdocs across Germany. The analysis established that theoretical sampling is a complex multi-layered nested sampling scheme, which uses multiple sampling techniques simultaneously.
In-vitro compositional investigations of antioxidants, phytochemicals, nutritional and minerals in the fruit of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth
Authors: Abass Oseni, Olatunde
Published: August 2018

The health problems in the third world and the attendant complications resulting into death of many people mostly caused by cancer, hypertension and other heart disorders primarily because of the inability to afford adequate health conditions and maintain balanced nutrition status has called for alternative means of attaining the required global Millennium Developmental Goals (MDGs) status on health and also to prevent mortality among all ages. This study therefore aimed at investigating the natural antioxidants, phytochemicals, proximate and mineral elements composition in fruit of Kigelia africana popularly known as the sausage tree as an indication for utilization in pharmaceutical for human and animals’ feed benefits. The results obtained for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic content, total flavonoid, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phytochemical constituents, proximate and mineral elements compositions of the fruits revealed high percentage of  antioxidant potentials, presence of medicinal important phytochemicals, good quantity of nutritional and medicinally important mineral elements. However, from the results of the study, the fruit of Kigelia africana can be exploited for medicine to heal many diseases and food additives in animals’ feed.
Etika Lingkungan Dan Implementasinya Dalam Pemeliharaan Lingkungan Alam Pada Masyarakat Kampung Naga
Authors: Nurkamilah Citra
Published: August 2018

The environmental damage is the reflection of the disruption of the lungs of the earth (forest) result of the attitude of the human antroposentrik the exploit is excessive. To balance the natural environment so it will not be damaged is the regained human behavior or ethics that will save the environment. This ethic has been long applied in Kampung Naga which they have  the alternative view of life  regarding the human relation with the environment that considered sacred. The purpose of this research is to know about the environmental ethics in Kampung Naga in protecting their environment. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with anthropological and phenomenological approaches. The result of this research is every people in Kampung Naga has the environmental ethic that is quite intent by referring to values which formulated systematically based on inheritance ancestors, tangible inheritance and intangible inheritance. This has an impact of disaster mitigation (the efforts to reduce the risk) in Kampung Naga such as preventing landslides and floods, the maintenance of the integrity of the environment, the maintenance of the forest as the lungs of life,  and every ecological creatures in that region also obeyed the ethic which presented by ekosentrisme and deep ecology. So, the environmental ethic in Kampung Naga shows about the balance of the ecological relation
TASAWUF FILOSOFIS DAN FILSAFAT SUFISTIS DALAM EPISTEMOLOGI IBN TUFAIL
Authors: Muliadi Muliadi
Published: August 2018

Banyak jalan menuju Roma. Unkapan ini bisa juga kita gunakan dalam mendapatkan kebenaran. Banyak jaln menuju kebenaran (the Ultimate/Infinitife). Karya Ibn Tufail telah menggambarkan bagaimana pertemuan antara filsafat dan ajaran agama berteman secara harmonis. Keduanya memiliki jalan yang berbeda namun menemukan kebenaran yang sama (al-haqq). Karya ini menggambarkan kepada semua orang bahwa filsafat bisa berselimut dengan tasawuf dan tasawufpun tidak harus alergi dengan filsafat, karena keduanya bersaudara dan saling melengkapi.
PHOSPHATE REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY USING MODIFIED SLUDGE FROM WATER TREATMENT PLANT
Authors: Thanh Loc Dang Thi
Published: August 2018

Heat and humic acid modified sludge (MS) from drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) is used as an adsorbent for removal of phosphate (P) from aqueous solution. The MS was characterized by XRD and SEM observation. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial P concentration, and exposure time on the P removal were studied. Under identical treatment conditions (MS dosage = 10 g/L, initial P concentration = 10 mg/L, pH 7, 120 rpm, and room temperature), a removal efficiency of 91  % was obtained within 240 min. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of adsorption equilibrium and it was found that P removal was best described by Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent based on sludge of Quang Te DWTP was 0.90 mg/g. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 ≥ 0.98). These findings suggest that MS has potential applications as a low-cost adsorbent for P treatment.
INVESTIGATION AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF Pb, As AND Hg IN SEDIMENT OF TAM GIANG-CAU HAI LAGOON, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
Authors: Hieu Dang Van
Published: August 2018

Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon plays an important role in coastal ecosystems of Thua Thien Hue Province. The present study aims to determine three toxic elements (Pb, As, Hg) in the surface sediment and to assess the ecological risk of the selected metal in this area. Sediment samples and water quality were collected at 9 stations in rainy and dry seasons. Toxic metals were determined following the USEPA methods 3050A for measuring by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Concentrations of Hg, Pb and As in the study area were in the range of 0-2.64 mg/kg, 4.83-22.13 mg/kg and 1.18-6.24 mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that concentration of Hg in sediment of most sampling sites were exceeded the National Technical Regulation on Sediment Quality (QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT), while Pb and As were below the regulated level. Ecological risk assessment presented that investigated metals posed medium to high risk to ecology. The estimated ecological risk index (ERI) ranged from 43.9 to 582.9 with the order of Hg>As>Pb. The highest ecological risk was found at the stations closed to the Thuan An inlet and ship construction area.
LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY FOR PET PACKAGES IN THE INTERGRATION WITH IO TABLE OF VIET NAM
Authors: Yen Ta Thi
Published: August 2018

Waste recycle have been strongly focusing in Vietnam. However secondary environmental effects of the recycling activities have been debatable. This study produces a life cycle inventory (LCI) data set of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages in the country with further analysis for biggest PET users such as electronic sectors and/or food processing sectors. Loop recycling allocations are approached to calculate GHGs emission and solid waste in the life cycle of 1 ton of PET packages. Input-output (IO) tables are integrated into the study in order to identify indirect environmental burdens from the plastics sector contributed to other sectors in the Vietnamese economy. Based on the 2016 updated IO table, the PET packages occupied 37.43% of GDP of the plastics sector. In term of PET packages demanding, two biggest groups were food processing sectors and electronic sectors, accounted for 5.87% and 10.75% of total PET packages used in 2016, respectively. In term of indirect environmental burdens, these two groups were also the biggest GHGs and waste generators. Among three materials options, GHGs emission from option 1 (100% PETv) was biggest and waste from option 3 (100% PETr) was biggest. Beside the LCI results, this study aims to contribute to the existing literature on GHGs as well as PET waste balances by considering the remaining effects in PET production, distribution and recycling in Vietnam.
Alcohol and other drug use among women seeking substance abuse treatment in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Dada Siphokazi , Harker Burnhams Nadine , Laubscher Ria , Parry Charles , Myers Bronwyn
Published: August 2018

Despite a high prevalence of alcohol and other drug use (AOD) in South Africa, little is known about AOD use among women, including those in treatment centres, and changes in use over time. This knowledge is important for the development of gender-sensitive interventions for the prevention and treatment of AOD problems. We aimed to describe changes in patterns of AOD use among women who accessed specialist AOD treatment centres in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Data were collected from 51 specialist AOD treatment centres participating in the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use between 2000 and 2013. A total of 74 368 treatment episodes were recorded for the period, of which 22% involved women. The proportion of women seeking treatment increased from 4% to 11% over time. The most common primary substance of abuse among this sample was alcohol, followed by methamphetamine. Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that young coloured (mixed race) women were almost 18 times more likely than other women to report methamphetamine as their primary substance of abuse (RRR=17.80; 95% CI=13.18–24.04). More than a quarter of women reported poly-substance abuse. Women treated for heroin were significantly more likely to be white and younger than 25 years old (RRR=1.62; 95% CI=1.19–2.21). These data portray an increasing use of AOD treatment services by women; particularly for alcohol and methamphetamine use disorders. Additional investigations into the service needs of women utilising AOD treatment is warranted.
Significance:

The study provides the prevalence of AOD use disorders among women in substance abuse treatment facilities in the Western Cape.
The study reflects treatment admissions for poly-substance abuse and severe AOD problems among these women.
The findings highlight the importance of women-specific treatment programmes to encourage utilisation of substance abuse treatment services.
Becoming Citizen: Spatial and Expressive Acts when Strangers Move In
Authors: Andersen Peter Kærgaard , Mouritzen Lasse , Samson Kristine
Published: August 2018

This article examines the conditions and expressions of how refugees in Denmark become citizens. Through visual and collaborative ethnographic fieldwork, which took place during 2017, the case study follows the everyday life of an Eritrean community living in a former retirement home in the town of Hørsholm. The article investigates how becoming citizen can be understood as mediatised, spatial and expressive negotiations between the refugees and the local society. We look at the conditions of becoming citizen through the local framing of the Eritrean community—understood as political, social, cultural and material framing conditions. We draw on Engin Isin’s concept of performative citizenship (Isin, 2017), and we suggest how everyday life and becoming potentially hold the capacity to re-formulate and add to the understanding of citizenship. We suggest that becoming citizen is not merely about obtaining Danish citizenship and civic rights nor tantamount with settling down. On the contrary, the analysis shows that becoming citizen is a process of expressed and performed desires connected to global becomings beyond the sedentary citizenship, and therefore holds capacity for transforming and diversifying the notion of citizenship.
Migration, Boundaries and Differentiated Citizenship: Contested Frameworks for Inclusion and Exclusion
Authors: Wotherspoon Terry
Published: August 2018

Contemporary migration across borders is beset by contradictory pressures and challenges. Some borders remain relatively open, especially for potential immigrants with valued skills and assets or for humanitarian reasons, but in many other cases borders are becoming increasingly more regulated or impermeable. The differential capacities for mobility that accompany these developments are contributing to new categories and hierarchies of citizenship and belonging which are being shaped by and exacerbate significant social, economic and political inequalities. This editorial highlights core relationships that have emerged in the process of regulating geographical and social boundaries in different national contexts, focusing on the intersections between dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion and the construction of differential categories of citizenship. The editorial establishes a framework for the articles that follow in this thematic issue, emphasizing the contested, fragmented, variable and highly uneven nature of borders and citizenship regimes.
Geotechnical study for cavity detection in highways using Ground Penetrating Radar, Sulaimani City, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Aziz Bakhtiar , Othman Halo
Published: August 2018

Construction and extension of a road over the mountainous area have undergone different problems. Several of cavities and voids were encountered during road construction especially when the road is passing through some geological formations containing limestone layers. The annual precipitation in the area under consideration approaches 750 mm. Consequently, numerous cavities of different sizes and depths developed. These cavities reduce support to the ground above when overloaded daily by a large number of heavy tracks and can cause localized collapse of the overlying rocks and deposits. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has selected for detection the locations, extensions and depths of such cavities over a part of the Sulaimani – Said Sadek road passing through the limestone rocks. The GPR survey carried out over six traverses by using high resolution 200 MHZ antenna. 1642 m length covered by the survey. The result shows that GPR was very effectiveness in such high resistivity area, where the rocks are cropping out to the surface and no others geophysical methods have worked correctly. Several cavities were detected have a dimension ranging from 1 to 3 meters, and they located at depths ranging from 0.5 to 6 meters.