bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Perturbation–Iteration Algorithm for Nonlinear Heat Transfer of Fractional Order
Authors: Abdel Aal Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Ordinary differential equations have recently been extended to fractional equations that are transformed using fractional differential equations. These fractional equations are believed to have high accuracy and low computational cost compared to ordinary differential equations. For the first time, this paper focuses on extending the nonlinear heat equations to a fractional order in a Caputo order. A new perturbation iteration algorithm (PIA) of the fractional order is applied to solve the nonlinear heat equations. Solving numerical problems that involve fractional differential equations can be challenging due to their inherent complexity and high computational cost. To overcome these challenges, there is a need to develop numerical schemes such as the PIA method. This method can provide approximate solutions to problems that involve classical fractional derivatives. The results obtained from this algorithm are compared with those obtained from the perturbation iteration method (PIM), the variational iteration method (VIM), and the Bezier curve method (BCM). All solutions are tested with numerical simulations. The study found that the new PIA algorithm performs better than the PIM, VIM, and BCM, achieving high accuracy and low computational cost. One significant advantage of this algorithm is that the solutions obtained have established that the fractional values of alpha, specifically α, significantly influencing the accuracy of the outcome and the associated computational cost.
Correlation between Agglomerates Hausdorff Dimension and Mechanical Properties of Denture Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Based Composites
Authors: Elhmali Houda Taher , Serpa Cristina , Radojevic Vesna , Stajcic Aleksandar , Petrovic Milos , Jankovic-Castvan Ivona , Stajcic Ivana
Published: May 2024

The microstructure–property relationship in poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA composites is very important for understanding interface phenomena and the future prediction of properties that further help in designing improved materials. In this research, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images of denture PMMA composites with SrTiO3, MnO2 and SrTiO3/MnO2 were used for fractal reconstructions of particle agglomerates in the polymer matrix. Fractal analysis represents a valuable mathematical tool for the characterization of the microstructure and finding correlation between microstructural features and mechanical properties. Utilizing the mathematical affine fractal regression model, the Fractal Real Finder software was employed to reconstruct agglomerate shapes and estimate the Hausdorff dimensions (HD). Controlled energy impact and tensile tests were used to evaluate the mechanical performance of PMMA-MnO2, PMMA-SrTiO3 and PMMA-SrTiO3/MnO2 composites. It was determined that PMMA-SrTiO3/MnO2 had the highest total absorbed energy value (Etot), corresponding to the lowest HD value of 1.03637 calculated for SrTiO3/MnO2 agglomerates. On the other hand, the highest HD value of 1.21521 was calculated for MnO2 agglomerates, while the PMMA-MnO2 showed the lowest Etot. The linear correlation between the total absorbed impact energy of composites and the HD of the corresponding agglomerates was determined, with an R2 value of 0.99486, showing the potential use of this approach in the optimization of composite materials’ microstructure–property relationship.
Investigation of Well-Posedness for a Direct Problem for a Nonlinear Fractional Diffusion Equation and an Inverse Problem
Authors: Arıbaş Özge , Gölgeleyen İsmet , Yıldız Mustafa
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we consider a direct problem and an inverse problem involving a nonlinear fractional diffusion equation, which can be applied to many physical situations. The equation contains a Caputo fractional derivative, a symmetric uniformly elliptic operator and a source term consisting of the sum of two terms, one of which is linear and the other is nonlinear. The well-posedness of the direct problem is examined and the results are used to investigate the stability of an inverse problem of determining a function in the linear part of the source. The main tools in our study are the generalized eigenfunction expansions theory for nonlinear fractional diffusion equations, contraction mapping, Young’s convolution and generalized Grönwall’s inequalities. We present a stability estimate for the solution of the inverse source problem by means of observation data at a given point in the domain.
Exploring the Depths: Soliton Solutions, Chaotic Analysis, and Sensitivity Analysis in Nonlinear Optical Fibers
Authors: Shakeel Muhammad , Liu Xinge , Alshammari Fehaid Salem
Published: May 2024

This paper discusses the time-fractional nonlinear Schrödinger model with optical soliton solutions. We employ the f+(G′G)-expansion method to attain the optical solution solutions. An important tool for explaining the particular explosion of brief pulses in optical fibers is the nonlinear Schrödinger model. It can also be utilized in a telecommunications system. The suggested method yields trigonometric solutions such as dark, bright, kink, and anti-kink-type optical soliton solutions. Mathematica 11 software creates 2D and 3D graphs for many physically important parameters. The computational method is effective and generally appropriate for solving analytical problems related to complicated nonlinear issues that have emerged in the recent history of nonlinear optics and mathematical physics. Furthermore, we venture into uncharted territory by subjecting our model to chaotic and sensitivity analysis, shedding light on its robustness and responsiveness to perturbations. The proposed technique is being applied to this model for the first time.
Fixed Point Results with Applications to Fractional Differential Equations of Anomalous Diffusion
Authors: Ma Zhenhua , Zahed Hanadi , Ahmad Jamshaid
Published: May 2024

The main objective of this manuscript is to define the concepts of F-(⋏,h)-contraction and (α,η)-Reich type interpolative contraction in the framework of orthogonal F-metric space and prove some fixed point results. Our primary result serves as a cornerstone, from which established findings in the literature emerge as natural consequences. To enhance the clarity of our novel contributions, we furnish a significant example that not only strengthens the innovative findings but also facilitates a deeper understanding of the established theory. The concluding section of our work is dedicated to the application of these results in establishing the existence and uniqueness of a solution for a fractional differential equation of anomalous diffusion.
Formation of Stable Vascular Networks by 3D Coaxial Printing and Schiff-Based Reaction
Authors: Shan Jingxin , Kong Zhiyuan , Wang Xiaohong
Published: May 2024

Vascularized organs hold potential for various applications, such as organ transplantation, drug screening, and pathological model establishment. Nevertheless, the in vitro construction of such organs encounters many challenges, including the incorporation of intricate vascular networks, the regulation of blood vessel connectivity, and the degree of endothelialization within the inner cavities. Natural polymeric hydrogels, such as gelatin and alginate, have been widely used in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting since 2005. However, a significant disparity exists between the mechanical properties of the hydrogel materials and those of human soft tissues, necessitating the enhancement of their mechanical properties through modifications or crosslinking. In this study, we aim to enhance the structural stability of gelatin–alginate hydrogels by crosslinking gelatin molecules with oxidized pullulan (i.e., a polysaccharide) and alginate molecules with calcium chloride (CaCl2). A continuous small-diameter vascular network with an average outer diameter of 1 mm and an endothelialized inner surface is constructed by printing the cell-laden hydrogels as bioinks using a coaxial 3D bioprinter. The findings demonstrate that the single oxidized pullulan crosslinked gelatin and oxidized pullulan/CaCl2 double-crosslinked gelatin–alginate hydrogels both exhibit a superior structural stability compared to their origins and CaCl2 solely crosslinked gelatin–alginate hydrogels. Moreover, the innovative gelatin and gelatin–alginate hydrogels, which have excellent biocompatibilities and very low prices compared with other hydrogels, can be used directly for tissue/organ construction, tissue/organ repairment, and cell/drug transportation.
Unlocking the Genetic Identity of Endangered Paphiopedilum Orchids: A DNA Barcoding Approach
Authors: Karbarz Małgorzata , Szlachcikowska Dominika , Zapał Angelika , Leśko Agnieszka
Published: May 2024

Orchids of the genus Paphiopedilum, also called slippers, are among the most valued representatives of the Orchidaceae family due to their aesthetic qualities. Due to overexploitation, deforestation, and illegal trade in these plants, especially in the vegetative phase, Paphiopedilum requires special protection. This genus is listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Their precise identification is of great importance for the preservation of genetic resources and biodiversity of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). Therefore, the main objective of the study was to investigate the usefulness of the DNA barcoding technique for the identification of endangered orchids of the genus Paphiopedilum and to determine the effectiveness of five loci: matK, rbcL, ITS2, atpF-atpH and trnH-psbA as potential molecular markers for species of this genus. Among single locus barcodes, matK was the most effective at identifying species (64%). Furthermore, matK, ITS2, matK + rbcL, and matK + trnH-psbA barcodes can be successfully used as a complementary tool to identify Paphiopedilum orchids while supporting morphological data provided by taxonomists.
Trans-Activation of the Coactivator-Associated Arginine Methyltransferase 1 (Carm1) Gene by the Oncogene Product Tax of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1
Authors: Hayati Rahma F. , Nakajima Rinka , Zhou Yaxuan , Shirasawa Mashiro , Zhao Lin , Fikriyanti Mariana , Iwanaga Ritsuko , Bradford Andrew P. , Kurayoshi Kenta , Araki Keigo , Ohtani Kiyoshi
Published: May 2024

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. The oncogene product Tax of HTLV-I is thought to play crucial roles in leukemogenesis by promoting proliferation of the virus-infected cells through activation of growth-promoting genes. These genes code for growth factors and their receptors, cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, growth signal transducers, transcription factors and cell cycle regulators. We show here that Tax activates the gene coding for coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), which epigenetically enhances gene expression through methylation of histones. Tax activated the Carm1 gene and increased protein expression, not only in human T-cell lines but also in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PHA-PBLs). Tax increased R17-methylated histone H3 on the target gene IL-2Rα, concomitant with increased expression of CARM1. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of CARM1 decreased Tax-mediated induction of IL-2Rα and Cyclin D2 gene expression, reduced E2F activation and inhibited cell cycle progression. Tax acted via response elements in intron 1 of the Carm1 gene, through the NF-κB pathway. These results suggest that Tax-mediated activation of the Carm1 gene contributes to leukemogenic target-gene expression and cell cycle progression, identifying the first epigenetic target gene for Tax-mediated trans-activation in cell growth promotion.
Identification of a Novel Frameshift Variant in MYF5 Leading to External Ophthalmoplegia with Rib and Vertebral Anomalies
Authors: Ocieczek Paulina , Oluonye Ngozi , Méjécase Cécile , Schiff Elena , Tailor Vijay , Moosajee Mariya
Published: May 2024

Myogenic transcription factors with a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) such as MYOD, myogenin, MRF4, and MYF5 contribute to muscle differentiation and regulation. The MYF5 gene located on chromosome 12 encodes for myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), which has a role in skeletal and extraocular muscle development and rib formation. Variants in MYF5 were found to cause external ophthalmoplegia with rib and vertebral anomalies (EORVA), a rare recessive condition. To date, three homozygous variants in MYF5 have been reported to cause EORVA in six members of four unrelated families. Here, we present a novel homozygous MYF5 frameshift variant, c.596dupA p. (Asn199Lysfs*49), causing premature protein termination and presenting with external ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and scoliosis in three siblings from a consanguineous family of Pakistani origin. With four MYF5 variants now discovered, genetic testing and paediatric assessment for extra-ocular features should be considered in all cases of congenital ophthalmoplegia.
Applying SLAM-Based LiDAR and UAS Technologies to Evaluate the Rock Slope Stability of the Grotta Paglicci Paleolithic Site (Italy)
Authors: Beltramone Luisa , De Lucia Vivien , Ermini Andrea , Innocenti Matteo , Silvestri Daniele , Rindinella Andrea , Ronchitelli Annamaria , Ricci Stefano , Boschin Francesco , Salvini Riccardo
Published: May 2024

This study focuses on slope stability and geological hazard analyses at the Italian Paleolithic site of Grotta Paglicci. The site is characterized by a cave that contains rich archaeological and anthropological finds, spanning various Paleolithic periods, and includes faunal remains, lithic artifacts, human burials, ornaments, mobiliary art objects, and unique Paleolithic wall paintings. The study employs a multi-technique approach that includes topographic surveys carried out by the robotic total station and GNSS receivers, photogrammetric acquisitions with an unmanned aerial system, 3D SLAM-based LiDAR mapping, and an engineering geological survey. The collected data allowed for the creation of georeferenced 3D models that were utilized in rock slope stability analysis and modeling. The results of this comprehensive survey highlighted how the bedding and joint discontinuities influence rock stability in both the external and internal areas of the cave. The integrated use of SLAM-based LiDAR and photogrammetry has been proven to be an efficient and essential tool in the evaluation of the structural interactions between the external morphology and the cave, thus allowing the proposal of safety measures that will keep the site accessible for future activities.
Writing the History of Neoliberalism in the Contemporary French Novel: François Roux and Michel Houellebecq
Authors: Rice-Davis Charles
Published: May 2024

Structured around pivotal elections in France and the United States, recent novels by François Roux and Michel Houellebecq weave together fictional characters with their historical referents, tracing a history of neoliberal economics and its effects on political processes and personal lives. By directly staging the history of Neoliberalism, both Roux and Houellebecq are able to invoke an experience of sudden awareness in their characters—the dedicated businessman Tanguy can, for example, come to view automation as a “genocide of workers” at a climactic moment. By coupling narrative with historical fact, both authors accomplish the difficult task of producing shock at developments so widespread that they have come to be considered inevitable and immune to the influence of democratic politics.
Artificial Intelligence in Postoperative Care: Assessing Large Language Models for Patient Recommendations in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Gomez-Cabello Cesar A. , Borna Sahar , Pressman Sophia M. , Haider Syed Ali , Sehgal Ajai , Leibovich Bradley C. , Forte Antonio J.
Published: May 2024

Since their release, the medical community has been actively exploring large language models’ (LLMs) capabilities, which show promise in providing accurate medical knowledge. One potential application is as a patient resource. This study analyzes and compares the ability of the currently available LLMs, ChatGPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Gemini, to provide postoperative care recommendations to plastic surgery patients. We presented each model with 32 questions addressing common patient concerns after surgical cosmetic procedures and evaluated the medical accuracy, readability, understandability, and actionability of the models’ responses. The three LLMs provided equally accurate information, with GPT-3.5 averaging the highest on the Likert scale (LS) (4.18 ± 0.93) (p = 0.849), while Gemini provided significantly more readable (p = 0.001) and understandable responses (p = 0.014; p = 0.001). There was no difference in the actionability of the models’ responses (p = 0.830). Although LLMs have shown their potential as adjunctive tools in postoperative patient care, further refinement and research are imperative to enable their evolution into comprehensive standalone resources.
Patients and Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives on Patient Experience Factors and a Model of Patient-Centered Care Communication: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kim Eun-Jeong , Koo Yoo-Ri , Nam Inn-Chul
Published: May 2024

Effective communication between patients and healthcare providers is essential for a positive patient experience (PE), and improving patient-centered care (PCC) involves many factors. This study aimed to (1) identify the factors that affect PE improvement, (2) reflect patients and healthcare providers’ perspectives on the factors’ importance, and (3) present a structural model for improving PCC. A systematic review of empirical studies that specified PE factors was conducted. Studies that did not reflect users’ perspectives and non-empirical studies were excluded. The literature was searched using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Taylor and Francis online journal. The MMAT 2018 checklist was used to assess bias in the included studies, and frequency, content, and thematic analyses were employed to synthesize the results, yielding 25 articles. The 80 PE factors identified from the analyses were categorized into six categories: Practice, Physical Needs, Psychological Needs, Social Needs, Practical Needs, and Information Needs. From a user perspective, patients emphasized professional, continuous, and comprehensive service delivery, whereas healthcare providers stressed efficient system improvements and positive provider–patient relationships. We propose a structured model for PCC improvement using a service blueprint and system map. The PCC model provides an overview of the interactions and the roles of all stakeholders regarding quality of care to improve healthcare.
“I Felt a Sense of Mission during Moments of Crisis”: Mental Health Professionals’ Perspectives on Their Initial Treatment of Evacuees during the Israel–Hamas Conflict
Authors: Levkovich Inbar , Labes Michal
Published: May 2024

This study examines mental health service providers who provided care to evacuees during the Israel–Hamas conflict. Utilizing a phenomenological qualitative method, the research delves into the psychological impact on the participants’ lived experiences. The sample included 25 mental health providers (13 female, age range 28–63, mean 42.4, SD 7.3; 15 psychologists and 10 social worker, average seniority 10.8 years, SD 5.2, range 2–18 years). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted between December 2023 and March 2024. The data analysis revealed a dual narrative: Participants paid a major personal price and experienced secondary traumatization manifesting in emotional detachment, physical symptoms, and heightened arousal. They also derived a profound sense of meaning and fulfillment from their work, contributing to personal and professional growth. These findings underscore the complexity of their experiences, which were marked by the challenges of secondary trauma and the resilience fostered through their work. This study emphasizes the importance of support systems, including social and familial networks and professional supervision, in navigating these challenges. This study has several limitations, including small sample size and the use of virtual interviews, suggesting the need for further research with a broader participant base and in different contexts.
The Impact of Sickle Cell Disease on Acute Coronary Syndrome and PCI Outcomes: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Alharbi Abdulmajeed , Pena Clarissa , Mhanna Mohammed , Spencer Caleb , Bashar Masharib , Cherian Michelle , Abdulrahman Ahmad , Alfatlawi Halah , Kwak Eun Seo , Siddique Mohammad , Assaly Ragheb
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that is widely observed on a global scale and known for its substantial negative impact on health and mortality. The purpose of this research was to explore how SCD influences the outcomes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data for the year 2020. Adult patients with concurrent ACS and SCD diagnoses were included in the study. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, and PCI complications were examined and compared between ACS patients with and without SCD. Results: Among a total of 779,895 ACS patients, 1495 had coexisting SCD. SCD patiets exhibited distinct demographic features, such as younger age (mean age: 59 vs. 66 years), predominantly female (53% vs. 35%), and primarily African American (91% vs. 11%). Comorbid conditions such as hypertension and chronic lung disease were more prevalent in SCD patients. While inpatient mortality odds did not significantly differ, SCD patients demonstrated slightly shorter lengths of stay in cases of STEMI and NSTEMI/UA. Notably, SCD patients faced a statistically significant increased risk of coronary dissection, highlighting a unique complication in this population. Although an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation and acute heart failure was observed in SCD patients, statistical significance was not achieved. Conclusions: This study provides valuable insight into the intricate interplay between SCD and ACS outcomes. SCD patients presented with distinctive demographic and clinical profiles that influenced their experience with ACS. The elevated risk of coronary dissection emphasizes the necessity for tailored interventions and careful management in SCD patients. These findings underscore the need for further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms and optimize treatment strategies for individuals with both SCD and ACS.
Imidazolinone Resistance in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.): Current Status, Breeding, Molecular Markers and Prospects for Application in Hybrid Seed Purity Improvement
Authors: Kozar Elena Victorovna , Domblides Elena Alekseevna
Published: May 2024

Resistance of agricultural crops to herbicides is an important topic that concerns many researchers. One of the most popular groups of herbicides is the imidazolinone group. Resistant forms of crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), corn (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) have been developed to this group of herbicides. All crops resistant to this group of herbicides have the commercial name Clearfield®. In this review, the information concerning oilseed rape resistance to the imidazolinone group of herbicides is collected and summarized; it will be useful for breeders and researchers engaged in this direction. This review touches upon the topic of mechanisms of oilseed rape resistance to imidazolinones. Mutation variants known to date, which provide resistance to this group of herbicides, are described, and known molecular markers of them are presented. Approaches to the selection of oilseed rape for resistance to the imidazolinone group of herbicides are mentioned. Various methods of utilizing imidazolinone resistance to improve the purity of hybrid seeds are also considered.
Antioxidative Response of Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) to Rhizosphere-Associated Pseudomonas Strains and Exogenous Indole-3-Acetic Acid
Authors: Popržen Tatjana , Jevremović Slađana , Milošević Snežana , Đurić Marija , Uzelac Branka , Stanković Slaviša , Radulović Olga
Published: May 2024

Aquatic plants, just like terrestrial plants, are exposed to oxidative stress. However, their responses are still under-researched. In this study, we examined the physiological and antioxidative responses of an aquatic plant, duckweed (Lemna minor L.), to four indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-degrading and -producing Pseudomonas bacteria (Pseudomonas oryzihabitans D1-104/3, P. putida A3-104/5, P. gessardii C31-106/3 and P. yamanorum C44-104/1) and/or a supraphysiological level of IAA (10 mg L−1). Growth characteristics, total photosynthetic pigment content, histochemical localization of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT and POX) were evaluated at two time points, after 3 and 7 days of co-cultivation. Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were produced and accumulated mainly in the roots, daughter fronds and veins of duckweeds. Duckweeds’ responses depended on the strain of Pseudomonas, time and exogenous IAA. Co-cultivation of duckweed with bacteria has positive or neutral effects. Exogenous application of IAA had a negative or neutral effect on enzyme activity and other parameters. Co-cultivation with P. gessardii C31-106/3 showed plant-growth-promoting effects on duckweed: increased biomass production, modulation of duckweeds’ antioxidant enzymatic activity and reduction in hydrogen peroxide content. This study widens our knowledge of aquatic plants and their response to oxidative stress, supports the hypothesis that plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) induce tolerable levels of oxidative stress in plants and introduces a new PGPB strain, P. gessardii C31-106/3.
Hydrogen Gas Compression for Efficient Storage: Balancing Energy and Increasing Density
Authors: Franco Alessandro , Giovannini Caterina
Published: May 2024

This article analyzes the processes of compressing hydrogen in the gaseous state, an aspect considered important due to its contribution to the greater diffusion of hydrogen in both the civil and industrial sectors. This article begins by providing a concise overview and comparison of diverse hydrogen-storage methodologies, laying the groundwork with an in-depth analysis of hydrogen’s thermophysical properties. It scrutinizes plausible configurations for hydrogen compression, aiming to strike a delicate balance between energy consumption, derived from the fuel itself, and the requisite number of compression stages. Notably, to render hydrogen storage competitive in terms of volume, pressures of at least 350 bar are deemed essential, albeit at an energy cost amounting to approximately 10% of the fuel’s calorific value. Multi-stage compression emerges as a crucial strategy, not solely for energy efficiency, but also to curtail temperature rises, with an upper limit set at 200 °C. This nuanced approach is underlined by the exploration of compression levels commonly cited in the literature, particularly 350 bar and 700 bar. The study advocates for a three-stage compression system as a pragmatic compromise, capable of achieving high-pressure solutions while keeping compression work below 10 MJ/kg, a threshold indicative of sustainable energy utilization.
Hygienic Practices and Level of Contamination in Toothbrushes at Mexican Homes in Guadalajara, Jalisco
Authors: Garay-Martínez Luz Eduviges , Betancourt-Cortés Andrés Octavio , Reyes-Castellanos Alondra Lizeth , Ulloa-Pérez Sara Gabriela , Velázquez-Carriles Carlos Arnulfo , Venegas-Ruiz Beatriz , Silva-Jara Jorge Manuel
Published: May 2024

In the present study, a Google Forms survey open questionnaire was applied to identify variables in hygiene habits that influence the contamination of toothbrushes in Mexican homes. A total of 275 questionnaires were validated, and 18 samples were analyzed to determine microbiology indicator groups (Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria [MAB], Coliform Organisms [CO], and Yeast and Molds [Y/M]) with dilution and plate casting methods. Results were compared with data obtained from surveys, which were encoded to construct conglomerates. Interestingly, a higher microbial count was found in toothbrushes stored in cases (4.9 × 109 CFU/mL for MAB, 4.43 × 109 CFU/mL for CO, and 4.38 × 109 CFU/mL for Y/M), while the use and disposal of toothbrushes following recommendations of life expectancy limited bacterial growth (<10 CFU/mL for CO and Y/M), reducing the possible growth of pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Pseudomonas, among others. Finally, most people do not have the habit of disinfecting their toothbrushes periodically. Further, the survey revealed that disinfection techniques applied by a limited group (14% of the respondents) are improvised and are not standardized with the objective of disinfection.
The Impact of Newly Diagnosed Early Breast Cancer on Psychological Resilience, Distress Levels, and the Perception of Health
Authors: Budisavljevic Anuska , Dedic Plavetic Natalija , Klaric Kristina , Kelemenic-Drazin Renata , Letica-Crepulja Marina
Published: May 2024

Confronting a breast cancer diagnosis, along with complex and challenging treatment procedures, is an extremely stressful experience. Psychological resilience is the ability to maintain or restore normal functioning while facing adversity. We aimed to explore the impact of an early breast cancer diagnosis on psychological resilience, distress, and perception of health. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 50 patients newly diagnosed with early breast cancer and 67 healthy women with screening mammograms graded 1 or 2 using a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. The levels of distress, perception of health, and psychological resilience were assessed using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale, the SF 36-Item Health Survey 1.0, and the Connor–Davidson RISC-25 scale. Differences between variables were examined using the t-test and chi-square test for interval and categorial variables. The surveys were conducted within four weeks of a breast cancer diagnosis. Patients with breast cancer reported a deterioration of their health relative to the previous year and significantly higher levels of psychological resilience, while there was no significant difference between the groups in levels of stress, anxiety, or depression. The process of diagnosis with early breast cancer may activate psychological dynamic processes which are involved in the effective adaptation to acute stress, leading to higher resilience levels in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls.
Synthetic Colors in Food: A Warning for Children’s Health
Authors: de Oliveira Zandleme Birino , Silva da Costa Darlene Vitória , da Silva dos Santos Ana Caroline , da Silva Júnior Antônio Quaresma , de Lima Silva Amanda , de Santana Raphael Carlos Ferrer , Costa Isabella Cristhina Gonçalves , de Sousa Ramos Sara Freitas , Padilla Gabriel , da Silva Silvia Katrine Rabelo
Published: May 2024

This study addressed the harmful effects of artificial colors in pediatric populations, including children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as those without behavioral disorders. There is a consensus that synthetic food colorings have several impacts on consumers, especially pediatrics, due to their influence on sensory appeal, which can encourage preference for certain foods. The results revealed that these color additives are directly linked to a series of health problems, with a greater impact on children, including a predisposition to pathological conditions such as carcinogenic, allergenic, mutagenic, cytotoxic, and clastogenic activities, as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory problems, in addition to behavioral changes in children with and without diagnosed disorders. The harms of synthetic dyes in children with or without comorbidities are worrying and require a careful and proactive approach from parents, caregivers and public authorities.
Bank Accessibility and Entrepreneurial Activity: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Leite Rodrigo de Oliveira , Moura Matheus , Mendes Layla , Lima de Pilla Leonardo Henrique
Published: May 2024

A robust body of research suggests that entrepreneurial activities benefit from financial development and external financing access. However, there is a gap in understanding how and the extent to which the accessibility to financial services is associated with entrepreneurial activity. Based on an unbalanced panel of 2104 Brazilian municipalities spanning 2010–2021 and comprising 23,769 municipality-year observations, our results not only confirm that bank accessibility, proxied by the number of bank branches in a municipality, is positively correlated with the number of firms but also that the relationship is nonlinear, being stronger for larger firms. By estimating a model using first differences, we find a positive causal impact of an additional bank branch on the number of firms in a municipality of 0.2% (about 26 extra firms on average). Our study contributes to the literature by corroborating that access to external financing services shapes entrepreneurial activities.
Data-Driven Geofencing Design for Point-of-Interest Notifiers Utilizing Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Sasaki Iori , Arikawa Masatoshi , Lu Min , Utsumi Tomihiro , Sato Ryo
Published: May 2024

This study proposes a method for generating geofences driven by GPS trajectory data to realize scalable point-of-interest (POI) notifiers, encouraging walking tourists to discover new local spots. The case study revealed that manual geofence settings degrade the location relevance and user coverage—key objectives of POI notifiers—and hinder the scalability and reliability of services. The formalization presented computationally equips geofence designers with practical solutions through two implementations based on prior GPS trajectory logs: (1) a multiobjective genetic algorithm that suggests cost-effective geofences by providing trade-off visualizations and (2) a user coverage-penalized genetic algorithm that determines an optimal geofence based on the designers’ expectations. The feasibility and stability of the proposed implementations were tested in areas with varying tourist flow patterns. A comparative survey among manual settings, settings incorporating a reliability simulation, and data-driven settings demonstrates significant performance improvements for geofence services.
The Set of Serine Peptidases of the Tenebrio molitor Beetle: Transcriptomic Analysis on Different Developmental Stages
Authors: Zhiganov Nikita I. , Vinokurov Konstantin S. , Salimgareev Ruslan S. , Tereshchenkova Valeriia F. , Dunaevsky Yakov E. , Belozersky Mikhail A. , Elpidina Elena N.
Published: May 2024

Serine peptidases (SPs) of the chymotrypsin S1A subfamily are an extensive group of enzymes found in all animal organisms, including insects. Here, we provide analysis of SPs in the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor transcriptomes and genomes datasets and profile their expression patterns at various stages of ontogeny. A total of 269 SPs were identified, including 137 with conserved catalytic triad residues, while 125 others lacking conservation were proposed as non-active serine peptidase homologs (SPHs). Seven deduced sequences exhibit a complex domain organization with two or three peptidase units (domains), predicted both as active or non-active. The largest group of 84 SPs and 102 SPHs had no regulatory domains in the propeptide, and the majority of them were expressed only in the feeding life stages, larvae and adults, presumably playing an important role in digestion. The remaining 53 SPs and 23 SPHs had different regulatory domains, showed constitutive or upregulated expression at eggs or/and pupae stages, participating in regulation of various physiological processes. The majority of polypeptidases were mainly expressed at the pupal and adult stages. The data obtained expand our knowledge on SPs/SPHs and provide the basis for further studies of the functions of proteins from the S1A subfamily in T. molitor.
Comparative Binding Study of Gliptins to Bacterial DPP4-like Enzymes for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Authors: Carpio Laureano E. , Olivares Marta , Benítez-Paez Alfonso , Serrano-Candelas Eva , Barigye Stephen J. , Sanz Yolanda , Gozalbes Rafael
Published: May 2024

The role of the gut microbiota and its interplay with host metabolic health, particularly in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management, is garnering increasing attention. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, commonly known as gliptins, constitute a class of drugs extensively used in T2DM treatment. However, their potential interactions with gut microbiota remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed computational methodologies to investigate the binding affinities of various gliptins to DPP4-like homologs produced by intestinal bacteria. The 3D structures of DPP4 homologs from gut microbiota species, including Segatella copri, Phocaeicola vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis, Parabacteroides merdae, and Alistipes sp., were predicted using computational modeling techniques. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted for 200 ns to ensure the stability of the predicted structures. Stable structures were then utilized to predict the binding interactions with known gliptins through molecular docking algorithms. Our results revealed binding similarities of gliptins toward bacterial DPP4 homologs compared to human DPP4. Specifically, certain gliptins exhibited similar binding scores to bacterial DPP4 homologs as they did with human DPP4, suggesting a potential interaction of these drugs with gut microbiota. These findings could help in understanding the interplay between gliptins and gut microbiota DPP4 homologs, considering the intricate relationship between the host metabolism and microbial communities in the gut.
Non-Targeted Detection of Synthetic Oligonucleotides in Equine Serum Using Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Helmes Emily , Montgomery Jacob , Alarcio Gwendolyne , Mendoza Herra G. , Blea Jeffrey A. , Beal Peter A. , Moeller Benjamin C.
Published: May 2024

There is great concern in equine sport over the potential use of pharmaceutical agents capable of editing the genome or modifying the expression of gene products. Synthetic oligonucleotides are short, single-stranded polynucleotides that represent a class of agents capable of modifying gene expression products with a high potential for abuse in horseracing. As these substances are not covered by most routine anti-doping analytical approaches, they represent an entire class of compounds that are not readily detectable. The nucleotide sequence for each oligonucleotide is highly specific, which makes targeted analysis for these agents problematic. Accordingly, we have developed a non-targeted approach to detect the presence of specific product ions that are not naturally present in ribonucleic acids. Briefly, serum samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction with a mixed-mode cartridge following the disruption of protein interactions to isolate the oligonucleotides. Following the elution and concentration steps, chromatographic separation was achieved utilizing reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Following an introduction to a Thermo Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization, analytes were detected utilizing a combination of full-scan, parallel reaction monitoring and all ion fragmentation scan modes. The limits of detection were determined along with the accuracy, precision, stability, recovery, and matrix effects using a representative 13mer oligonucleotide. Following method optimization using the 13mer oligonucleotide, the method was applied to successfully detect the presence of specific product ions in three unique oligonucleotide sequences targeting equine-specific transcripts.
Temporal Characterization of the Amyloidogenic APPswe/PS1dE9;hAPOE4 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Grenon Martine B. , Papavergi Maria-Tzousi , Bathini Praveen , Sadowski Martin , Lemere Cynthia A.
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating disorder with a global prevalence estimated at 55 million people. In clinical studies administering certain anti-beta-amyloid (Aβ) antibodies, amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs) have emerged as major adverse events. The frequency of these events is higher among apolipoprotein ε4 allele carriers (APOE4) compared to non-carriers. To reflect patients most at risk for vascular complications of anti-Aβ immunotherapy, we selected an APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse model bearing the human APOE4 gene (APPPS1:E4) and compared it with the same APP/PS1 mouse model bearing the human APOE3 gene (APOE ε3 allele; APPPS1:E3). Using histological and biochemical analyses, we characterized mice at three ages: 8, 12, and 16 months. Female and male mice were assayed for general cerebral fibrillar and pyroglutamate (pGlu-3) Aβ deposition, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), microhemorrhages, apoE and cholesterol composition, astrocytes, microglia, inflammation, lysosomal dysfunction, and neuritic dystrophy. Amyloidosis, lipid deposition, and astrogliosis increased with age in APPPS1:E4 mice, while inflammation did not reveal significant changes with age. In general, APOE4 carriers showed elevated Aβ, apoE, reactive astrocytes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglial response, and neuritic dystrophy compared to APOE3 carriers at different ages. These results highlight the potential of the APPPS1:E4 mouse model as a valuable tool in investigating the vascular side effects associated with anti-amyloid immunotherapy.
Specific Mutations Reverse Regulatory Effects of Adenosine Phosphates and Increase Their Binding Stoichiometry in CBS Domain-Containing Pyrophosphatase
Authors: Anashkin Viktor A. , Kirillova Elena A. , Orlov Victor N. , Baykov Alexander A.
Published: May 2024

Regulatory cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) domains are widespread in proteins; however, difficulty in structure determination prevents a comprehensive understanding of the underlying regulation mechanism. Tetrameric microbial inorganic pyrophosphatase containing such domains (CBS-PPase) is allosterically inhibited by AMP and ADP and activated by ATP and cell alarmones diadenosine polyphosphates. Each CBS-PPase subunit contains a pair of CBS domains but binds cooperatively to only one molecule of the mono-adenosine derivatives. We used site-directed mutagenesis of Desulfitobacterium hafniense CBS-PPase to identify the key elements determining the direction of the effect (activation or inhibition) and the “half-of-the-sites” ligand binding stoichiometry. Seven amino acid residues were selected in the CBS1 domain, based on the available X-ray structure of the regulatory domains, and substituted by alanine and other residues. The interaction of 11 CBS-PPase variants with the regulating ligands was characterized by activity measurements and isothermal titration calorimetry. Lys100 replacement reversed the effect of ADP from inhibition to activation, whereas Lys95 and Gly118 replacements made ADP an activator at low concentrations but an inhibitor at high concentrations. Replacement of these residues for alanine increased the stoichiometry of mono-adenosine phosphate binding by twofold. These findings identified several key protein residues and suggested a “two non-interacting pairs of interacting regulatory sites” concept in CBS-PPase regulation.
Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Sadowski Karol , Jażdżewska Adrianna , Kozłowski Jan , Zacny Aleksandra , Lorenc Tomasz , Olejarz Wioletta
Published: May 2024

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in the adult population, with an average survival of 12.1 to 14.6 months. The standard treatment, combining surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, is not as efficient as we would like. However, the current possibilities are no longer limited to the standard therapies due to rapid advancements in biotechnology. New methods enable a more precise approach by targeting individual cells and antigens to overcome cancer. For the treatment of glioblastoma, these are gamma knife therapy, proton beam therapy, tumor-treating fields, EGFR and VEGF inhibitors, multiple RTKs inhibitors, and PI3K pathway inhibitors. In addition, the increasing understanding of the role of the immune system in tumorigenesis and the ability to identify tumor-specific antigens helped to develop immunotherapies targeting GBM and immune cells, including CAR-T, CAR-NK cells, dendritic cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Each of the described methods has its advantages and disadvantages and faces problems, such as the inefficient crossing of the blood–brain barrier, various neurological and systemic side effects, and the escape mechanism of the tumor. This work aims to present the current modern treatments of glioblastoma.
Genome-Wide Analysis of BBX Gene Family in Three Medicago Species Provides Insights into Expression Patterns under Hormonal and Salt Stresses
Authors: Wang Jiayin , Meng Zhuang , He Huan , Du Pingping , Dijkwel Paul P. , Shi Shandang , Li Hongbin , Xie Quanliang
Published: May 2024

BBX protein is a class of zinc finger transcription factors that have B-box domains at the N-terminus, and some of these proteins contain a CCT domain at the C-terminus. It plays an important role in plant growth, development, and metabolism. However, the expression pattern of BBX genes in alfalfa under hormonal and salt stresses is still unclear. In this study, we identified a total of 125 BBX gene family members by the available Medicago reference genome in diploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa spp. Caerulea), a model plant (M. truncatula), and tetraploid alfalfa (M. sativa), and divided these members into five subfamilies. We found that the conserved motifs of BBXs of the same subfamily reveal similarities. We analyzed the collinearity relationship and duplication mode of these BBX genes and found that the expression pattern of BBX genes is specific in different tissues. Analysis of the available transcriptome data suggests that some members of the BBX gene family are involved in multiple abiotic stress responses, and the highly expressed genes are often clustered together. Furthermore, we identified different expression patterns of some BBX genes under salt, ethylene, salt and ethylene, salicylic acid, and salt and salicylic acid treatments, verified by qRT-PCR, and analyzed the subcellular localization of MsBBX2, MsBBX17, and MsBBX32 using transient expression in tobacco. The results showed that BBX genes were localized in the nucleus. This study systematically analyzed the BBX gene family in Medicago plants, which provides a basis for the study of BBX gene family tolerance to abiotic stresses.