bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness during COVID-19 physical distancing measures: A rapid systematic review
Authors: Williams Christopher Y. K. , Townson Adam T. , Kapur Milan , Ferreira Alice F. , Nunn Rebecca , Galante Julieta , Phillips Veronica , Gentry Sarah , Usher-Smith Juliet A.
Published: February 2021

Background

A significant proportion of the worldwide population is at risk of social isolation and loneliness as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify effective interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness that are compatible with COVID-19 shielding and social distancing measures.

Methods and findings

In this rapid systematic review, we searched six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and SCOPUS) from inception to April 2020 for systematic reviews appraising interventions for loneliness and/or social isolation. Primary studies from those reviews were eligible if they included: 1) participants in a non-hospital setting; 2) interventions to reduce social isolation and/or loneliness that would be feasible during COVID-19 shielding measures; 3) a relevant control group; and 4) quantitative measures of social isolation, social support or loneliness. At least two authors independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Downs and Black checklist. Study registration: PROSPERO CRD42020178654. We identified 45 RCTs and 13 non-randomised controlled trials; none were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nature, type, and potential effectiveness of interventions varied greatly. Effective interventions for loneliness include psychological therapies such as mindfulness, lessons on friendship, robotic pets, and social facilitation software. Few interventions improved social isolation. Overall, 37 of 58 studies were of “Fair” quality, as measured by the Downs & Black checklist. The main study limitations identified were the inclusion of studies of variable quality; the applicability of our findings to the entire population; and the current poor understanding of the types of loneliness and isolation experienced by different groups affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions

Many effective interventions involved cognitive or educational components, or facilitated communication between peers. These interventions may require minor modifications to align with COVID-19 shielding/social distancing measures. Future high-quality randomised controlled trials conducted under shielding/social distancing constraints are urgently needed.
The effect of Iran’s health transformation plan on hospital performance: Kerman province
Authors: Goudarzi Reza , Tasavon Gholamhoseini Mohammad , Noori Hekmat Somayeh , YousefZadeh Setareh , Amini Saeed
Published: February 2021

Iran has performed Health Transformation Plan (HTP) from 2014 to obtain its defined goals. This study assesses and compares university and non-university hospitals’ efficiency and productivity in Kerman provinces, Iran. The data of 19 selected hospitals, two years before and two years after Health Transformation Plan, was collected in this cross-sectional study. These data included the variables of physician and nurse number, and active beds as inputs and bed occupancy rate and inpatient admission adjusted with the length of stay as outputs. Data Envelopment Analysis method used to measure hospital efficiency. Malmquist Productivity Index is used to measure the efficiency change model before and after the plan. The efficiency and effect of the plan on hospitals’ efficiency and productivity were assessed using R software. The results indicated that all hospitals’ average efficiency before the HTP was 0.843 and after the HTP was increased to 0.874. However, it was not significant (P>0.05). Productivity also had a decreasing trend. Based on the DEA method results, it was found that university and non-university hospitals’ efficiency and productivity did not increase significantly after the HTP. Therefore, it is recommended that attention be paid to hospitals’ performance indicators regarding how resources are allocated and decisions made.
Wiregrass (Aristida beyrichiana) survival and reproduction after fire in a long-unburned pine savanna
Authors: Fill Jennifer M. , Zamora Cesar , Baruzzi Carolina , Salazar-Castro Javier , Crandall Raelene M.
Published: February 2021

Restoring fire regimes is a major goal of biodiversity conservation efforts in fire-prone ecosystems from which fire has been excluded. In the southeastern U.S.A., nearly a century of fire exclusion in pine savannas has led to significant biodiversity declines in one of the most species-rich ecosystems of North America. In these savannas, frequent fires that support biodiversity are driven by vegetation-fire feedbacks. Understory grasses are key components of these feedbacks, fueling the spread of fires that keep tree density low and maintain a high-light environment. When fire is reintroduced to long-unburned sites, however, remnant populations of bunchgrasses might experience high mortality from fuel accumulation during periods of fire exclusion. Our objective was to quantify fire effects on wiregrass (Aristida beyrichiana), a key component of vegetation-fire feedbacks, following 16 years without fire in a dry pine savanna typically considered to burn every 1–3 years. We examined how wiregrass size and fuel (duff depth and presence of pinecones) affected post-fire survival, inflorescence and seed production, and seed germination. Wiregrass exhibited high survival regardless of size or fuels. Probability of flowering and inflorescence number per plant were unaffected by fuel treatments but increased significantly with plant size(p= 0.016). Germination of filled seeds was consistent (29–43%) regardless of fuels, although plants in low duff produced the greatest proportion of filled seeds. The ability of bunchgrasses to persist and reproduce following fire exclusion could jumpstart efforts to reinstate frequent-fire regimes and facilitate biodiversity restoration where remnant bunchgrass populations remain.
Estimating spatial variation in the effects of climate change on the net primary production of Japanese cedar plantations based on modeled carbon dynamics
Authors: Toriyama Jumpei , Hashimoto Shoji , Osone Yoko , Yamashita Naoyuki , Tsurita Tatsuya , Shimizu Takanori , Saitoh Taku M. , Sawano Shinji , Lehtonen Aleksi , Ishizuka Shigehiro
Published: February 2021

Spatiotemporal prediction of the response of planted forests to a changing climate is increasingly important for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. In this study, we present a methodology for estimating spatially varying productivity in a planted forest and changes in productivity with a changing climate in Japan, with a focus on Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) as a representative tree species of this region. The process-based model Biome-BGC was parameterized using a plant trait database for Japanese cedar and a Bayesian optimization scheme. To compare productivity under historical (1996–2000) and future (2096–2100) climatic conditions, the climate scenarios of two representative concentration pathways (i.e., RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) were used in five global climate models (GCMs) with approximately 1-km resolution. The seasonality of modeled fluxes, namely gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem exchange, and soil respiration, improved after two steps of parameterization. The estimated net primary production (NPP) of stands aged 36–40 years under the historical climatic conditions of the five GCMs was 0.77 ± 0.10 kgC m-2year-1(mean ± standard deviation), in accordance with the geographical distribution of forest NPP estimated in previous studies. Under the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the mean NPP of the five GCMs increased by 0.04 ± 0.07 and 0.14 ± 0.11 kgC m-2year-1, respectively. The increases in annual NPP were small in the southwestern region because of the decreases in summer NPP and the small increases in winter NPP under the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. Under the RCP2.6 scenario, Japanese cedar was at risk in the southwestern region, in accordance with previous studies, and monitoring and silvicultural practices should be modified accordingly.
Downregulation of PAICS due to loss of chromosome 4q is associated with poor survival in stage III colorectal cancer
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Kumamoto Kensuke , Okayama Hirokazu , Matsumoto Takuro , Nakano Hiroshi , Saito Katsuharu , Matsumoto Yoshiko , Endo Eisei , Kanke Yasuyuki , Watanabe Yohei , Onozawa Hisashi , Fujita Shotaro , Sakamoto Wataru , Saito Motonobu , Momma Tomoyuki , Takenoshita Seiichi , Kono Koji
Published: February 2021

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes de novo purine biosynthesis. Although PAICS has been implicated as a potential therapeutic target in several cancers, its clinical and prognostic significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not fully understood. To elucidate the roles of PAICS in CRC, we investigated PAICS expression in four cohorts consisting of a total of 1659 samples based on quantitative RT-PCR, microarray and RNA-seq analysis. Despite upregulated PAICS levels in tumor compared to those of normal mucosa, we found a decreasing trend of PAICS expression during tumor progression and metastasis. We conducted immunohistochemistry on 252 specimens, showing that PAICS protein was strongly expressed in the majority of CRCs, but not in adjacent mucosa. Notably, 29.0% of tumors lacked PAICS staining, and PAICS-negative expression in tumor had significant prognostic impact on poor cancer-specific survival in stage III CRC. Correspondingly, decreased levels of PAICS transcript were also correlated with poor relapse-free survival particularly in stage III patients, and this finding was robustly confirmed in three microarray datasets of a total of 802 stage II-III patients. Bioinformatics analysis of CRC tissues and cell lines consistently indicated a correlation between decreased PAICS expression and copy number loss of chromosome arm 4q. In conclusion, our results suggest that PAICS expression is downregulated during tumor progression due to genetic deletion of chromosome 4q in microsatellite stable but chromosomally unstable tumors. Furthermore, decreased expression of PAICS transcript or loss of PAICS protein may provide prognostic stratification for postoperative patients with stage III CRC.
Development of an interactive, agent-based local stochastic model of COVID-19 transmission and evaluation of mitigation strategies illustrated for the state of Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Kirpich Alexander , Koniukhovskii Vladimir , Shvartc Vladimir , Skums Pavel , Weppelmann Thomas A. , Imyanitov Evgeny , Semyonov Semyon , Barsukov Konstantin , Gankin Yuriy
Published: February 2021

Since its discovery in the Hubei province of China, the global spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in millions of COVID-19 cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. The spread throughout Asia, Europe, and the Americas has presented one of the greatest infectious disease threats in recent history and has tested the capacity of global health infrastructures. Since no effective vaccine is available, isolation techniques to prevent infection such as home quarantine and social distancing while in public have remained the cornerstone of public health interventions. While government and health officials were charged with implementing stay-at-home strategies, many of which had little guidance as to the consequences of how quickly to begin them. Moreover, as the local epidemic curves have been flattened, the same officials must wrestle with when to ease or cease such restrictions as to not impose economic turmoil. To evaluate the effects of quarantine strategies during the initial epidemic, an agent based modeling framework was created to take into account local spread based on geographic and population data with a corresponding interactive desktop and web-based application. Using the state of Massachusetts in the United States of America, we have illustrated the consequences of implementing quarantines at different time points after the initial seeding of the state with COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, we suggest that this application can be adapted to other states, small countries, or regions within a country to provide decision makers with critical information necessary to best protect human health.
Developing an enhanced 7-color multiplex IHC protocol to dissect immune infiltration in human cancers
Authors: Sun Zhaoyu , Nyberg Richard , Wu Yaping , Bernard Brady , Redmond William L.
Published: February 2021

The TSA Opal multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) protocol (PerkinElmer) has been used to characterize immune infiltration in human cancers. This technique allows multiple biomarkers to be simultaneously stained in a single tissue section, which helps to elucidate the spatial relationship among individual cell types. We developed and optimized two improved mIHC protocols for a 7-color panel containing 6 biomarkers (CD3, CD8, CD163, PD-L1, FoxP3, and cytokeratin (CK)) and DAPI. The only difference between these two protocols was the staining sequence of those 6 biomarkers as the first sequence is PD-L1/CD163/CD8/CK/CD3/FoxP3/DAPI and the second sequence is FoxP3/CD163/CD8/CK/CD3/PD-L1/DAPI. By comparing PD-L1/FoxP3 staining in mIHC and singleplex PD-L1/FoxP3 staining on the adjacent slide, we demonstrated that the staining sequence does not affect the staining intensity of individual biomarkers as long as a proper antigen retrieval method was used. Our study suggests that use of an antigen retrieval buffer with higher pH value (such as Tris-EDTA pH9.0) than that of the stripping buffers (such as citrate buffer pH6.0) is helpful when using this advanced mIHC method to develop panels with multiple biomarkers. Otherwise, individual biomarkers may exhibit different intensities when the staining sequence is changed. By using this protocol, we characterized immune infiltration and PD-L1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), breast cancer (BCa), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens. We observed a statistically significant increase in CD3+ cell populations within the stroma of NSCLC as compared to BCa and increased PD-L1+ tumor cells in HNSCC as opposed to BCa.
Punkgirldiaries Blogzine 2, Lene Cortina and Vim Renault (2020)
Authors: Way Laura
Published: February 2021

Review of: Punkgirldiaries Blogzine 2, Lene Cortina and Vim Renault (2020)

Leicester: Punkgirldiaries, 40 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-83802-451-2, p/bk, £10
Mala Hierba: El Surgimiento Del Punk En El Barrio Castilla, Medellín, Carlos Alberto David Bravo (2019)
Authors: Campion Minerva
Published: February 2021

Review of: Mala Hierba: El Surgimiento Del Punk En El Barrio Castilla, Medellín, Carlos Alberto David Bravo (2019)

Bogotá: La Valija de Fuego, 382 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-58486-250-1, h/bk or p/bk, COL$42,000
Stratégiai lehetőségek közötti választás racionalitásának biztosítása – az adóparadoxon esete
Authors: Tirnitz Tamás József
Published: February 2021

A controller döntéstámogató számításokkal segíti a vezetők munkáját. Az együttműködés során tekintettel kell lennie a vezető gondolkodásmódjára és korlátozott racionalitására is. A szerző az adóparadoxon példáján keresztül mutatja be, hogy a jelenérték-számítás módszertanának alkalmazásakor több ponton is mérlegelnie kell a controllernek, hogy milyen információkkal tudja érdemben segíteni a vezető munkáját anélkül, hogy az utóbbit felesleges, érdektelen adatokkal terhelje.
A családi vállalkozások pénzügyi sajátosságai (Specialities of Family Business Finances)
Authors: Csákné Filep Judit
Published: February 2021

A tanulmány a család és a vállalkozás pénzügyeinek kapcsolata, az utódlás finanszírozásának kérdései, a pénzügyi menedzsment, a hitelfelvétel és eladósodottság, a tőke forrása, a családon kívüli tőkebevonás és az eladás pénzügyi vonatkozásai mentén vizsgálja a családi vállalkozások pénzügyei sajátosságait. Ilyen sajátosságok bőséggel vannak, a családi cégek a nem családiaktól számos vonásukban különböznek, még pénzügyi tekintetben is egyedi jellemzőkkel bírnak. Ezek a pénzügyi ismérvek nem a szektorra jellemző diszfunkcionalitások, hanem a családi cégek alapvető jellemzőiből fakadó üzleti viselkedésmódok. A szerző jelen munkájában arra vállalkozik, hogy rávilágítson a családi vállalkozások pénzügyeinek ismérveire. ______ Family businesses play an important role in every economy of the world’s countries and they differ from non-family ones along several features. They have also unique characteristics in their financial affairs. The author of this work undertakes to highlight that the characteristics of family business finances are not improper functionalities of the sector but unique business behaviours of family businesses stemming from their basic characteristics. The study examines the peculiarities of family business finances along the relationship of financial affairs of the family and the business, the financial challenges of succession, the financial management, the source of the borrowing and the capital, the indebtedness and the financial aspects of selling.
Abszorb Meter – a térségi és vállalkozási abszorpciós képességek vizsgálati modellje
Authors: Szakály Dezső
Published: February 2021

Az abszorpdós képességek vizsgálatára irányuló kutatások egyik fontos indítéka az a felismerés volt, miszerint: a regionális fejlettségbeli különbségek a világ minden kis- és nagytérségében, gazdasági-politikai tömorülésében (EU, ASEAN, OECD), országában kimutathatók. A jelenség feltárására irányuló empirikus kutatások egybehangzó megállapítása szerint az egyes értelmezett területi egységek innovációs teljesítményének tartós eltérései vezetnek - történetileg - az abszorpciós potenciálok markáns különbözőségéhez. Ezen belül két fontos tényező - és ehhez kapcsolódó elméleti keret - az eltérések létrejöttének okozója. Az egyik a tudáskoncentráció mértéke, a másik az innovációs aktivitások térbeni eloszlása.
A magyar kisvállalkozások tipizálásának lehetőségei az elmúlt évtized hazai kutatásainak tükrében
Authors: Lukács Edit
Published: February 2021

A kis- és közepes méretű vállalkozások világszerte nagyon színes képet mutatnak, többnyire a kereskedelemben, a szolgáltató szektorban működnek, de jelentős a szerepük a mezőgazdaságban is. Számos tanulmány születik világszerte a vállalkozásokról, azok piaci szerepéről, típusairól. Többnyire a statisztikák megelégszenek a méret, tevékenység, foglalkoztatás, adófizetés, jogi forma, régió vagy település szerinti tipizálással, de a kutatók számos egyéb szempontot figyelembe véve vizsgálják a kkv-szektort. E tanulmány célja összefoglalni az elmúlt másfél évtized hazai vállalkozás kutatásainak főbb csoportképző ismérveit és elemzési szempontjait.
Teaching and learning post pandemic
Authors: Munday Dale
Published: February 2021

This article aims to offer one perspective on ways that Lancaster
University supported its staff in the rapid shift to online teaching and
learning in the midst of a global pandemic. The approach centred around the
upskilling of staff, with mixed engagement across the suite of support tools
and resources, which can be compared to similar situations in the wider
Higher Education (HE) sector. A focus on the future of curriculum design and
the associated requirements at an institutional- and sector-wide level is
addressed in relation to the opportunities and challenges with which we are
faced.
Studying languages in the times of COVID-19: reflections on the delivery
of teaching and learning activities and the year abroad
Authors: Stollhans Sascha
Published: February 2021

This contribution reflects on some of the challenges the COVID-19
pandemic has introduced for languages in Higher Education (HE). In
particular, two areas are discussed: the delivery of teaching and learning
activities, including assessments, and the year abroad. These two areas, on
which the enforced move to online provision has had a significant impact,
are central to many UK languages degrees. The piece discusses challenges,
responses, and unresolved issues. All in all, it aims to offer a positive
view for the future of the sector by highlighting particularly the spirit of
collegiality that has developed during the pandemic across different HE
institutions and national organisations.
Namaszczenie Jezusa w Betanii (Mt 26,6–13)
Authors: Florczyk Łukasz
Published: February 2021

The action of pericope that describes the anointing of Jesus (Matt. 26:6–13) took place in Bethany, in Judea. These areas were then part of the Great Roman Empire. Christ foretold that the woman who poured out the precious oil on His head in the house of Simon the Leper would know the whole world. That is what exactly happened. Many Christians do not know much about history of the Ro- man Empire, but probably everyone has heard of a nameless woman who anointed Jesus shortly before His passion and death. The woman embarrassed the apostles, her generous gesture toward Christ contrasted with the conspiracy of the chief priests and the elders of the people (Matt. 26:3–5) and the betrayal of Judas (Matt. 26:14–16).
Progressions on the Coexistence of Neuronal and Glial Precursor Cells in the Cerebral Ventricular Zone
Authors: Levitt Pat
Published: February 2021

Heterogeneity is defined as the quality or state of being diverse in character or content. This article summarizes the natural progression from my studies, reported in the first issue of the
Journal of Neuroscience
, that identified molecular heterogeneity in precursor cells of the developing primate cerebral cortex to the current state in which differences defined at the molecular, cellular, circuit, and systems levels are building data encyclopedias. The emphasis on heterogeneity has impacted many contributors in the field of developmental neuroscience, who have led a quest to determine the extent to which there is diversity, when it appears developmentally, and what heritable and nonheritable factors mediate nervous system assembly and function. Since the appearance of the article on progenitor cell heterogeneity in the inaugural issue of the
Journal of Neuroscience
, there have been continuous advances in technologies and data analytics that are contributing to a much better understanding of the origins of neurobiological and behavioral heterogeneity.
The Radio Free Dixie Playlists
Authors: Kane Brian
Published: February 2021

Broadcast from Havana, Cuba, but intended for audiences in the United States, Radio Free Dixie was the work of the civil rights leader Robert F. Williams. Airing from 1962 until 1966, the program carefully used music, news, and commentary to convey a militant message of armed self-defense and a critique of American imperialism and racism. While most scholars have focused on William’s spoken commentaries, this article aims to reconsider the role of music on Radio Free Dixie. By examining playlists transcribed and identified from archival broadcasts held at the Bentley Historical Library of the University of Michigan, the article explores three themes. 1) The playlists draw attention to the care with which the music for Radio Free Dixie was selected and how phonograph records were acquired while in Cuba. 2) When viewed through the lens of parrēsia, or what Michel Foucault theorizes as the act of “truth-telling,” the playlists facilitate an argument about how music and speech co-constitute Radio Free Dixie’s parrēsiastic subject by isolating particular moments in the broadcasts where the truth-telling occurs at the intersection of music and speech. 3) Consideration of special episodes given wholly over to music allows for an examination of musical genres employed on Radio Free Dixie and their degrees of overt and coded utterance. Finally, the article considers what it might mean to make militancy audible.
Utilizing Sounds of Mourning as Protest and Activism
Authors: Budji Ivoline Kefen
Published: February 2021

This paper examines how women of the northwestern Grassfields of Cameroon transpose and deploy lamentation sounds as a means of nonviolently resisting, challenging, counteracting, and controlling the audio-sphere hitherto militarized through the weaponization of the sounds of war. The main argument is that contrary to the popular narrative of African women as passive recipients of sociocultural norms and traditional political power that propagate female marginalization and oppression, African women can and do consciously draw from these same norms to achieve their sociopolitical aims. Following dark anthropology and the anthropology of resistance/activism that examine politics, power, conflict, and other grim realities of life, the paper employs a multimodal approach to illustrate how through the public performance of the sounds of mourning, the women tap into and make use of sociocultural understandings of womanhood and mourning. These sounds become an instrument that nonviolently opens a more peaceful channel for dialogue with the Cameroonian prime minister within the male-dominated political arena in modern-day Cameroon. The paper centers two integral yet often neglected elements of conflict: women and sound. Also, by examining how sociocultural instruments of subjugation can be pragmatically and ingeniously harnessed, overturned, and deployed by the victims to achieve the opposite of what these norms uphold, the paper provides vital insights about alternative forms of nonviolent resistance/activism from localized contexts within the Global South.
Reverse fountain flow of phosphatidylinositol‐3,4‐bisphosphate polarizes migrating cells
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Pal Dhiman Sankar , Biswas Debojyoti , Iglesias Pablo A , Devreotes Peter N
Published: February 2021

The ability of cells to polarize and move toward external stimuli plays a crucial role in development, as well as in normal and pathological physiology. Migrating cells maintain dynamic complementary distributions of Ras activity and of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol‐3,4‐bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2). Here, we show that lagging‐edge component PI(3,4)P2 also localizes to retracting leading‐edge protrusions and nascent macropinosomes, even in the absence of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate (PIP3). Once internalized, macropinosomes break up into smaller PI(3,4)P2‐enriched vesicles, which fuse with the plasma membrane at the rear of the cell. Subsequently, the phosphoinositide diffuses toward the front of the cell, where it is degraded. Computational modeling confirms that this cycle gives rise to stable back‐to‐front gradient. These results uncover a surprising “reverse‐fountain flow” of PI(3,4)P2 that regulates polarity.
Meaning in multisemiotic messages – functions of gestures accompanying speech as elements of utterance structure
Authors:   Jagiellonian University, Kraśnicka Izabela
Published: February 2021

The topic of the article will be the discussion of the issue of how gestures accompanying speech may complement a gap in a statement. The considerations will cover particular ways of filling such a gap, both semantically and taking into account the place of the gesture in the syntactic structure of the sentence. The subject of interest will be the analysis of spontaneous statements of interlocutors, which will allow for the isolation of word-gesture wholes; it will likewise describe the relationship between the two modes ahead of recounting the functions of gestures in the structure of the entire utterance. The analysis is based on commentaries from one of the journalistic programs hosting politicians in Poland.
Conceptual metaphors in lyrics, vocal realization and music – reinforcement or modification of emotional potential
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Zyga Magdalena
Published: February 2021

The paper seeks to examine the ways in which the emotional potential (germ. Emotionspotential) rooted in the textual part of selected songs can potentially be reinforced or modified by the music and vocal realization. Music and intonation provide sonic counterparts of the emotional states expressed by language. I shall consider cases where the sonic counterpart is either an analog or stands in contrast to the textual component and the affective value commonly associated with the invoked conceptual metaphor/metonymy. The research material consists of three versions of the song Ride by 21 Pilots, the song Here Comes the Night Time by Arcade Fire and Die Flut [the flood] by Joachim Witt and Peter Heppner. The analysis results show that salient presence of up/down image schema in verbal and musical orientational metaphors is observable, albeit not always accompanied with the most typical valence pattern.
Does Brexit mean Brexit? An analysis of the semantic field of the lexeme Brexit
Authors:   Łomża State University of Applied Sciences, Sekścińska Izabela , Piórkowska Agnieszka ,   Łomża State University of Applied Sciences
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of a discourse analysis of the contextual uses of Brexit. Based on corpus-driven Internet samples, the research employs the method of semantic field analysis devised by Robin (1980) and her team of researchers from the Saint-Cloud Political Lexicography Center. According to Robin, in order to find the meaning of a word, the context of its use must be analysed, as well as its lexical relations with other linguistic units. For this reason, we have divided the elements of the co-text of the lexeme Brexit into six groups, which represent various connections of linguistic items with the SUBJECT, i.e. the lexeme under scrutiny. Subsequently, in compliance with Kłosiński’s approach (1994), we propose the definitions of the SUBJECT which reflect the meanings featuring the actual usages of the lexeme Brexit and which integrate the key words from the semantic field of the concept in question.
The High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein to Prealbumin Ratio Predicts Adverse Cardiovascular Events after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ren Hongqiang , Zhao Li , Liu Yijun , Tan Zhen , Luo Guiquan , Deng Xuejun
Published: February 2021

Background: This study evaluated the association of the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to prealbumin ratio (CPR) with adverse cardiovascular events after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: The study included 682 patients who presented with STEMI and were treated with primary PCI. Patients were divided into 2 groups: high CPR (CPR ≥0.02) and low CPR (CPR <0.02). The primary endpoint of the study was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as cardiovascular mortality or admission due to recurrent AMI or heart failure. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess the prognostic value of CPR on MACE in patients with STEMI.
Results: During a median follow-up of 18 months, the accumulated incidence rate of MACE was significantly higher in the high-CPR group than in the low-CPR group (38.7% versus 12.0%, P < .01). Multivariate analysis revealed that CPR was an independent predictor for increased risk of MACE (hazard ratio = 3.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.14 to 4.49, P < .01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve for predicting the diagnosis of MACE was higher for CPR (0.82, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.87) than hs-CRP (0.70, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.75).
Conclusion: CPR was independently associated with MACE and can be used for risk stratification in patients with STEMI.
Successful 2-Stage Pacemaker Implantation for Atrioventricular Block in a Low-Birth-Weight Infant with Congenital Heart Disease: Case Report
Authors: Kline Leigh , Hazle Matthew , Ootaki Yoshio
Published: February 2021

Congenital heart block is a potentially life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality, especially in the presence of congenital heart disease. We present the case of a low-body-weight premature infant with complex single ventricle congenital heart disease and high-grade atrioventricular block. A 2-staged pacing approach provided atrio-ventricular synchrony and allowed her to grow until a permanent dual-chamber pacemaker system could be implanted.
Marijuana: An Underappreciated Risk Factor for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection?
Authors: Sarmiento Iam Claire , Giammarino Ashley , Scheinerman S Jacob , Guirola Antonio , Hartman Alan , Brinster Derek , Hemli Jonathan M
Published: February 2021

Background: Stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines are well-established risk factors for acute aortic dissection. Despite the fact that marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States, its relationship to acute aortic syndromes has not been well studied.
Methods: A comprehensive retrospective review was undertaken of all consecutive patients who presented with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection from January 2017 to December 2019. Of 152 patients identified, 51 (33.6%) underwent comprehensive urine toxicology screening at clinical presentation. The characteristics and outcomes of the patients with urine results positive for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (n = 9, 17.6%) were compared with the 42 patients who had no evidence of recent marijuana consumption.
Results: Of the 51 dissection patients who underwent broad-spectrum urine toxicology screening upon presentation, 9 (17.6%) returned positive results for THC, a proportion higher than would be expected for the general population. All THC patients were male; 3 concurrently tested positive for cocaine, and 3 others had evidence of recent amphetamine use. The THC patients were significantly younger than the non-THC patients (mean ± standard deviation age 48 ± 11.3 versus 61.4 ± 12.3 years, respectively, P = .004). A greater proportion of the THC cohort had a known diagnosis of aortic aneurysm before the dissection (44.4% versus 4.8%, P = .006). All patients underwent expeditious surgical repair. Thirty-day mortality for the entire cohort of 51 patients was 19.6% (10 deaths); for the THC group, it was 11.1% (1 death). There was no difference in the incidence of major postoperative complications between the 2 groups.
Conclusion: Marijuana is the third most commonly used substance in the United States, after alcohol and tobacco. Although marijuana use is understudied, our results suggest that marijuana may be a contributing risk factor for acute type A aortic dissection, particularly in patients with other predisposing risk factors. Given the recent national trend to legalize marijuana, with the concomitant potential for exponential increases in its consumption, we suggest that the diagnosis of aortic dissection be considered earlier in any younger patient who presents with suggestive symptoms, especially if there is a history of recent marijuana use.
Knockdown of miR-384-3p Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through Targeting HSP70
Authors: Huang Chusheng , Deng Hailong , Zhao Wen , Xian Lei
Published: February 2021

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure remain critical states of heart disease with high mortality. Previous studies have indicated that miRNA has cardioprotective effects and can resist myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the role of mir-384-3p in MI has not been reported, and whether this miRNA can regulate the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes needs to be verified.
Methods: The effect of hypoxia–reperfusion (H/R) on cardiomyocyte activity was detected using MTT assay. MiR-384-3p was knocked down or overexpressed in cardiomyocytes H/R models by pretreatment with miR-384-3p mimic or inhibitor to verify the function of miR-384-3p in H/R. Circulating levels of miR-384-3p was detected by quantitative realtime PCR, and protein expression was detected by western blotting. TUNEL staining and flow cytometry demonstrated a high degree of myocardium apoptosis after H/R induction. Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay detected dynamic expression of miR-384-3p and HSP70. The infarction size of I/R rats was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.
Results: MiR-384-3p was closely related to cardiomyocyte activity in H/R progression. Increased expression of mir-384-3p can promote the production of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, thereby regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis. HSP70 was a target of miR-384-3p and HSP70 silencing aggravated H/R-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction. In an animal model, the expression level of HSP70 is regulated by miR-384-3p, and miR-384-3p inhibition remarkably reduced I/R-induced MI in rats.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the present report identified that HSP70 was a potential target of miR-384-3p, and miR-384-3p inhibition remarkably reduced I/R-induced MI in rats. Therefore, this study provides a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of MI from bench to clinic.
Amended description of the Sumatran endemic Dendrobium bandii (Orchidaceae) with notes on its conservation status and ecology
Authors: Naive Mark Arcebal K. , Yudistira Yuda Rehata , Victoriano Malcolm , Ormerod Paul
Published: February 2021

Dendrobium bandii is a poorly known species endemic to the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. We studied living specimens and we provide here an amended description of the species, colour photographs, as well as information on distribution, ecology, and its provisional conservation status.

Key words: Dendrobieae, Epidendroideae, Malesian Flora, Plant taxonomy, Sumatran Biodiversity
EUROPEAN UNION TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE: ROADS AND RAILWAYS SUBSECTORS CASE
Authors:   Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania, Lukosevicius Ignas
Published: February 2021

This article tests transport infrastructure‘s roads and railways subsectors impact on economic growth in the European Union during the 1990-2017 years time span. The latest public infrastructure investments trends in those subsectors are analyzed as well. Article’s empirical research encompasses all 28 European Union countries (at that time) data, and fills the gap of such researches in roads and railways subsectors case in the full European Union area. Proxy variables used for roads and railways subsectors are physical type, but with ability to encompass the usage of chosen infrastructure subsectors. It is a new feature in such type of researches, which usually uses either raw physical or raw monetary type of infrastructure variables. The research results show that both roads and railways subsectors have positive short run impact on economic growth in the European Union. Results are almost the same, with overall elasticity coefficients in both subsectors. Though post-2009 public infrastructure investments in these subsectors show declining pattern, in the overall situation‘s context there is no need to worry about it yet.
Produkt RODZINA - czy trzeba ją dziś reklamować?
Authors: Kurzyca Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

In this case the question ap­pears, whether every product needs to be promoted. Aren’t the conservative val­ues overlooked in the modern advertis‑ing battle? Where’s the family’s place in the world immersed in the marketing? While searching for the answer to the questions mentioned above it is required to explore the following subjects: family’s identification, characteristics, promo­tion’s causes, objectives and forms. This analysis of the family situation shows that its value is still perceived but it re­quires a kind of awakening, getting out of the shadow. Obviously, the involvement of representatives of all disciplines is in­valuable so that the family’s voice could reach everyone.
Jakość narzeczeństwa i małżeństwa : badania podłużne
Authors: Bukalski Sławomir
Published: February 2021

The object of the analysis is to present the results of longitudinal stud­ies on the quality of betrothal and mat­rimony in the perspective of attachment theory by John Bowlby. The first empiri­cal studies have been conducted among engaged couples and repeated later amid identical couples already recognized as spouses. Theoretical context of the re­search was the theory of attachment. The study was focused on three dimensions of betrothal and marriage life: the quali­ty of relationship, interpersonal commu­nication, understanding of love.
Przezwyciężanie trudności w rodzinie z dzieckiem niepełnosprawnym
Authors: Mikołajczyk-Lerman Grażyna
Published: February 2021

The functioning of families with a disabled child is associated with many difficulties and problems, which are not families with children experienc­ing non ­disabled. It can be argued that the mere fact of having a child with a dis­ability is a crisis situation and can cause interference to the basic functions of the family. The lack of sufficient institutional support for this type of families and their members entails, among other things, to activate and use of family support net­works. In the case of children, disability is the result of defects and diseases ac­quired early in life. Their condition may improve, stay the same, but also deteri­orate. Sometimes the child’s illness is ir­reversible, although the degree of health deficits may change – the course of his future life will depend on how the family and it itself will cope with his disability. Life chances of these children will be in large part depend on what they earn in the early stages of development, which mastered social skills and how to devel­op their abilities. That’s why so import­ant is the role of the family of a disabled child in preparing him for an indepen­dent life in society as far as its features. The subject of a paper presented causes and effects of crisis situations and ways to cope with difficulties primarily eco­nomic, educational or rehabilitation in families with a disabled child.
Pomoc i wsparcie dla rodzin zastępczych w środowisku lokalnym
Authors: Urbańska Magda
Published: February 2021

A family is the basic envi­ronment of education and childcare. However, when parents are not able to fulfil care and educational functions, tasks of a natural family are performed by foster care, carried out among by fos­ter families. Admitting of the child to the own family is preceded by a process of qualifications and specialized training, organized for foster families by the or­ganizer of family foster care. But even the best theoretical training cannot pro­tect against a variety of behavioral prob­lems and care which foster parents en­counter, hence it becomes necessary to support and assistance the families who take the trouble to care for abandoned and orphaned children. The article pres­ents the measures implemented to sup­port foster families in the local commu­nity for the actions taken in 2012–2013 in the city of Rzeszów by the organizer of family foster care.
Modelo numérico de detección de fugas para sistema de tuberias.
Authors: Gómez-Camperos July Andrea , García-Guarín Pedro Julián , Nolasco-Serna Christian
Published: February 2021

La distribución usando redes hidráulicas define la planeación, producción y flexibilidad de la hidro-gestión en empresas. Sinembargo, las fugas representan perdidas económicas en términos de mantenimiento y ubicación de las fallas. En este contexto, el flujo y presiónal momento de que ocurra un fallo son las variables de análisis. Como primera contribución de esta investigación proponemos simular lasperdidas volumétricas de agua. De hecho, el software libre Openfoam es la herramienta computacional y el modelo de turbulencia k-ω seseleccionó para un fluido en transición, es decir fluido que esta entre el régimen laminar y turbulento. La segunda contribución de estainvestigación consiste en un algoritmo para detectar fugas en un sistema de tuberías. El algoritmo está basado en Teorema de Reynolds. Respectoa los resultados obtenidos con el Teorema de Reynolds, podemos decir que resultados son comparados con una red hidráulica real, obteniendoerrores porcentuales de 4% para los mejores datos y 9% para el peor, y una distancia promedio para encontrar la fuga igual a 2,7 metros. Sedemostró que la presión cae de forma lineal de acuerdo con la ley de Darcy. En conexión con los resultados, en métodos tradicionales se instalanmanómetros a lo largo de las tuberías para identificar esta caída de presión, si el número de manómetros no es suficiente, la fuga puede pasarindetectada. El método propuesto en este proyecto permite localizar la fuga únicamente utilizando 2 manómetros. Lo cual lo hace más prácticopara el caso de tuberías de difícil acceso.
Medición del bienestar animal en el aprisco de la granja experimental de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, usando el Protocolo Welfare Quality®
Authors: Hoyos-Patiño Johann Fernando , Hernández-Villamizar Daniel Antonio , Velásquez-Carrascal Blanca Liliana
Published: February 2021

El bienestar animal (BA) es pilar esencial en la producción animal que garantiza la calidad y seguridad alimentaria. Su aplicación y medición, impacta directamente en la calidad de los productos, reduciendo los costos de producción, favoreciendo la eficiencia y sostenibilidad. La investigación tuvo como propósito evaluar el BA, en el sistema de producción (SP) caprino de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander sede Ocaña, aplicando el protocolo Welfare Quality®  en 13 cabras que en el momento de la evaluación estaban en producción lechera. El enfoque cuantitativo midió los 4 parámetros del protocolo (Buena alimentación, Buen alojamiento, Buena salud y Buen comportamiento). 10 criterios y 16 indicadores. Para valorar el BA, el tipo de investigación aplicada fue descriptiva caracterizando el proceso productivo lechero del aprisco. Para el proceso de calificación, se evaluaron los indicadores directamente en el sistema de producción. Seguidamente, se promediaron los resultados para cuantificar la valoración de cada criterio. Por último, el promedio de los criterios seleccionados determino el nivel de cumplimento de cada principio de bienestar. El análisis de resultados mostró que el SP caprino obtuvo una calificación de excelente en la escala de evaluación del protocolo Welfare Quality® con 95.15%. Presentando porcentajes de cumplimiento de un 100% en Buena Alimentación, 95% en Buen Alojamiento, 93,27% en Buena Salud, y 92,31% en Buen Comportamiento, este resultado debido al nivel desconfianza de los animales en la aplicación de las pruebas etológicas.
Pectina de residuos de naranja aplicando el principio de las 3R.
Authors: Ramírez-Gavidia Tibisay Coromoto , González-Colmenares Nélida Margarita , Guerrero-Pernía Ebilda Karina
Published: February 2021

El propósito de la investigación es evaluar el rendimiento y las características de la pectina extraída de residuos de cortezasde naranjas dulces (Citrus sinensis L), en escala de laboratorio, aplicando el principio de las 3R (reutilizar, reciclar y reducir); para lo cual sediseñaron dos condiciones: la primera sumergir las cáscaras de naranja sin extracción de aceite en baño de María para inactivar las enzimas desu superficie, y la segunda extraer el aceite esencial de las cáscaras mediante hidrodestilación para conocer las propiedades fisicoquímicas, elrendimiento de la pectina obtenida, la reducción de residuos sólidos en ambos procesos, y comparar con la pectina comercial con alto valoragregado en industrias alimenticias, farmacéutica y cosmetológica entre otras. La extracción de la pectina se llevó a cabo mediante hidrólisisácida empleando ácido clorhídrico (HCl) hasta pH 3.2 con calentamiento a 90ºC durante 90 min. La pectina extraída de las cortezas de naranjasin extraen el aceite esencial tuvo un mayor rendimiento 35,83 %; grado de esterificación 70,49 %; ácido galacturónico 87,84 %; pesoequivalente 2201,83 mg/meq; cenizas 2,03 % y la reducción de residuos sólidos 51,00 %. La pectina aislada de las cortezas de naranjas a lascuales se extrajo el aceite esencial rindió 28,77 %; grado de esterificación 76,57 %; ácido galacturónico 87,81 %; peso equivalente 2366,03mg/meq; cenizas 1,96. % y reducción de residuos sólidos 59,69 %. La pectina aislada según la segunda condición, a pesar de ser un procesolaborioso permite obtener previamente aceite esencial como subproducto; el citado heteropolisácarido es similar a la pectina comercial en cuantoal contenido de ácido galacturónico (min. 74% USP, 65% UE, FAO) así como también referente a las cenizas (máx. 3,3%), ambos muyimportantes en el grado de gelificación. También esta segunda condición permite reducir, reciclar y reutilizar (3R) residuos de cortezas denaranja.