bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Categorization and surgical management of posttraumatic midfoot malunion
Authors: Li Chun-Guang , Yu Guang-Rong , Yang Yun-Feng , Li Bing
Published: June 2016

Objective

To assess a classification system for midfoot injury that was based on the characteristics of the foot malunion and to evaluate the suggested treatment strategies.

Methods

This retrospective review of data from patients with posttraumatic midfoot malunion categorized each foot deformity into one of three types based on the foot arch and then separated these categories into one of three subtypes based on the forefoot deformity. According to the types of malunion, fascio-cutaneous flap, osteotomy, joint arthrodesis or realignment was used to correct the deformity. Patients were assessed before surgery and at 12 and 24 months postoperation.

Results

Of the 24 patients identified, six had Lisfranc joint injuries, nine had Lisfranc joint complex injuries combined with cuboid compression fractures and nine had Lisfranc joint complex injuries combined with navicular fractures. Overall, eight patients presented with poor soft tissue and massive scar at the dorsal foot. Visual analogue scale and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot scores significantly improved over the 24-month study period. At the end of the study, 21 of 24 patients (87.5%) rated their functional outcome as excellent or good.

Conclusion

The classification of the midfoot malunion evaluated in this study may be helpful in the decision making process for surgical intervention.
Examining changes in occupational participation in forensic patients using the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool
Authors: Fan Chia-Wei , Morley Mary , Garnham Mike , Heasman David , Taylor Renee
Published: June 2016

Introduction

In occupational therapy, there has been an increased interest in patients’ occupational participation within forensic settings. This retrospective study involved a longitudinal analysis of occupational participation within six forensic hospitals in England. The aim was to contribute to the understanding of forensic patients’ occupational participation over a two-year period.

Methods

The Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST) was rated by 78 occupational therapists on 489 patients in low and medium secure units who were receiving occupational therapy over two years. The many-faceted Rasch Model was used to convert their MOHOST scores at each time point into interval scales. Regression analysis was used to examine changes in occupational participation over time.

Results

Patients’ overall occupational participation improved over time. Specifically, participation improved in five of the six MOHOST subdomains, which included their motivation for occupation, pattern of occupation, communication/interaction skills, process skills, and environment. Patients did not demonstrate significant change in their motor skills, which varied as expected. In addition, patients in low secure units had better occupational participation than those in medium secure settings.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated improvements in the patients’ occupational participation over the 2-year period. Further investigations are needed to understand factors contributing to change.
Development and evaluation of an early specialised traumatic brain injury vocational rehabilitation training package
Authors: Holmes Jain , Phillips Julie , Morris Richard , Bedekar Yashashree , Tyerman Ruth , Radford Kate
Published: June 2016

Background

In a feasibility randomised controlled trial, training was developed to equip occupational therapists to deliver early specialised traumatic brain injury vocational rehabilitation in the English National Health Service (NHS).

Method

The package was developed by experts in vocational rehabilitation and traumatic brain injury, and included a manual, direct instruction by six trainers and opportunity for mentorship by four therapists. Following training, therapists were interviewed regarding the effectiveness and ease of use of the package. Interviews were analysed using the framework approach.

Results

Five trained therapists were interviewed regarding the package. Results were organised into six categories: (1) motivation to participate in research; (2) impact of the learning environment; (3) changing confidence levels over time; (4) growing appreciation of complexities about the intervention; (5) acceptability of the training package; and (6) lessons for future implementation.

Conclusion

The therapists reported acquiring the knowledge necessary to implement the intervention. The data indicate that the training packages require detailed descriptions of the interventions being taught for local implementation in the NHS and for future research. The training materials are valued by therapists but require time for familiarisation, and reminders from mentors help put training into practice. The therapists have concerns about implementing the interventions within a research context, which researchers should address.
Impaired brainstem and thalamic high-frequency oscillatory EEG activity in migraine between attacks
Authors: Porcaro Camillo , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Seri Stefano , Pierelli Francesco , Tecchio Franca , Coppola Gianluca
Published: June 2016

Introduction

We investigated whether interictal thalamic dysfunction in migraine without aura (MO) patients is a primary determinant or the expression of its functional disconnection from proximal or distal areas along the somatosensory pathway.

Methods

Twenty MO patients and twenty healthy volunteers (HVs) underwent an electroencephalographic (EEG) recording during electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist. We used the functional source separation algorithm to extract four functionally constrained nodes (brainstem, thalamus, primary sensory radial, and primary sensory motor tangential parietal sources) along the somatosensory pathway. Two digital filters (1–400 Hz and 450–750 Hz) were applied in order to extract low- (LFO) and high- frequency (HFO) oscillatory activity from the broadband signal.

Results

Compared to HVs, patients presented significantly lower brainstem (BS) and thalamic (Th) HFO activation bilaterally. No difference between the two cortical HFO as well as in LFO peak activations between the two groups was seen. The age of onset of the headache was positively correlated with HFO power in the right brainstem and thalamus.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence for complex dysfunction of brainstem and thalamocortical networks under the control of genetic factors that might act by modulating the severity of migraine phenotype.
Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Versus Autograft
Authors: McCarty Eric C. , Fader Ryan R. , Mitchell Justin J. , Glenn R. Edward , Potter Hollis G. , Spindler Kurt P.
Published: June 2016

Background:

Osteochondral autografts and allografts have been widely used in the treatment of isolated grade 4 articular cartilage lesions of the knee. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding the basic science investigating the direct comparison between fresh osteochondral allografts to autografts.

Hypothesis:

At 12 months, fresh osteochondral allografts are equal to autografts with respect to function, bony incorporation into host bone, and chondrocyte viability.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eight adult mongrel dogs underwent bilateral hindlimb osteochondral graft implantation in the knee after creation of an acute Outerbridge grade 4 cartilage defect. One hindlimb of each dog knee received an autograft, and the contralateral knee received an allograft. All dogs were sacrificed at 12 months. Graft analysis included gross examination, radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biomechanical testing, and histology.

Results:

MRI demonstrated excellent bony incorporation of both autografts and allografts, except for 1 allograft that revealed partial incorporation. Histologic examination of cartilage showed intact hyaline appearance for both autografts and allografts, with fibrocartilage at the host-graft interface of both. Biomechanical testing demonstrated no significant difference between allografts and autografts ( P = .76). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between allografts and the native cartilage with biomechanical testing ( P = .84).

Conclusion:

After 12 months from time of implantation, fresh osteochondral allograft tissue and autograft tissue in this study were not statistically different with respect to biomechanical properties, gross morphology, bony incorporation, or overall histologic characteristics. When compared with the previously reported 6-month incorporation rates, there was improved allograft and autograft incorporation at 12 months.

Clinical Relevance:

With no significant differences in gross examination, radiographs, MRI, biomechanical testing, or histology in the canine model, the use of allograft tissue to treat osteochondral defects may eliminate the morbidity associated with autograft harvest.
Unemployment, Parental Help, and Self-Efficacy During the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Mortimer Jeylan T. , Kim Minzee , Staff Jeremy , Vuolo Mike
Published: June 2016

Youth unemployment reduces the capacity to achieve diverse markers of adulthood, potentially undermining the young adult’s sense of confidence and independence. While parents often come to the aid of their unemployed young adult children, such support may also have negative psychological repercussions. Applying a hierarchical modeling strategy to longitudinal data from the Youth Development Study, the authors find that both unemployment and parental financial support have negative consequences for youth’s self-efficacy. These common experiences may thus diminish youth’s personal psychological resources as they make the increasingly lengthy and precarious transition to adulthood.
Utilization of ferrochrome wastes such as ferrochrome ash and ferrochrome slag in concrete manufacturing
Authors: Acharya Prasanna K , Patro Sanjaya K
Published: June 2016

Solid waste management is one of the subjects essentially addressing the current interest today. Due to the scarcity of land filling area, utilization of wastes in the construction sector has become an attractive proposition for disposal. Ferrochrome ash (FA) is a dust obtained as a waste material from the gas cleaning plant of Ferro alloy industries. It possesses the chemical requirements of granulated slag material used for the manufacture of Portland cement. Ferrochrome slag (FS) is another residue that is obtained as a solid waste by the smelting process during the production of stainless steel in Ferroalloy industries. FS possesses the required engineering properties of coarse aggregates. The possibility of using FA with lime for partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and FS for total replacement of natural coarse aggregates is explored in this research. The combined effect of FA with lime and FS-addition on the properties of concrete, such as workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and sorptivity, were studied. Results of investigation revealed improvement in strength and durability properties of concrete on inclusion of FA and FS. Concrete mix containing 40% FA with 7% lime (replacing 47% OPC) and100% of FS (replacing 100% natural coarse aggregate) achieved the properties of normal concrete or even better properties at all ages. The results were confirmed by microscopic study such as X-ray diffraction and petrography examination. Environmental compatibility of concrete containing FA and FS was verified by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test.
Highly cytocompatible and flexible three-dimensional graphene/polydimethylsiloxane composite for culture and electrochemical detection of L929 fibroblast cells
Authors: Waiwijit Uraiwan , Maturos Thitima , Pakapongpan Saithip , Phokharatkul Ditsayut , Wisitsoraat Anurat , Tuantranont Adisorn
Published: June 2016

Recently, three-dimensional graphene interconnected network has attracted great interest as a scaffold structure for tissue engineering due to its high biocompatibility, high electrical conductivity, high specific surface area and high porosity. However, free-standing three-dimensional graphene exhibits poor flexibility and stability due to ease of disintegration during processing. In this work, three-dimensional graphene is composited with polydimethylsiloxane to improve the structural flexibility and stability by a new simple two-step process comprising dip coating of polydimethylsiloxane on chemical vapor deposited graphene/Ni foam and wet etching of nickel foam. Structural characterizations confirmed an interconnected three-dimensional multi-layer graphene structure with thin polydimethylsiloxane scaffold. The composite was employed as a substrate for culture of L929 fibroblast cells and its cytocompatibility was evaluated by cell viability (Alamar blue assay), reactive oxygen species production and vinculin immunofluorescence imaging. The result revealed that cell viability on three-dimensional graphene/polydimethylsiloxane composite increased with increasing culture time and was slightly different from a polystyrene substrate (control). Moreover, cells cultured on three-dimensional graphene/polydimethylsiloxane composite generated less ROS than the control at culture times of 3–6 h. The results of immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that fibroblast cells expressed adhesion protein (vinculin) and adhered well on three-dimensional graphene/polydimethylsiloxane surface. Good cell adhesion could be attributed to suitable surface properties of three-dimensional graphene/polydimethylsiloxane with moderate contact angle and small negative zeta potential in culture solution. The results of electrochemical study by cyclic voltammetry showed that an oxidation current signal with no apparent peak was induced by fibroblast cells and the oxidation current at an oxidation potential of +0.9 V increased linearly with increasing cell number. Therefore, the three-dimensional graphene/polydimethylsiloxane composite exhibits high cytocompatibility and can potentially be used as a conductive substrate for cell-based electrochemical sensing.
Environmental governance and public participation in rural China
Authors: Xie Lei
Published: June 2016

This article investigates participatory environmental management in rural China. It first summarizes the extent, role and key drivers of public participation in environmental politics in China. It then investigates main scenarios of interaction between the Chinese public and the state, in order to assess the array of possibilities for political participation in environmental matters. This comparative study of public participation in environmental management focuses on grass-roots initiatives that point to increasing public enthusiasm for policymaking processes. The article concludes that participatory practices have impacted significantly upon environmental governance by facilitating implementation and bettering policy and, to a certain extent, legitimizing the discretion of environmental protection agencies. The article also indicates that grass-roots deliberative participation has successfully achieved its goal of improving the provision of social services and public goods. While the government’s initial approach was to improve policy implementation without triggering political contestation, at grass-roots level this strategy has created a sense of political awareness.
Synthesis and properties of poly(dimethylsilylene-ethynylene-phenoxyphenoxyphenylene-ethynylene)
Authors: Chen Huigao , Xin Hao , Lu Jiarong , Tang Junkun , Yuan Qiaolong , Huang Farong
Published: June 2016

A novel resin, poly(dimethylsilylene-ethynylene-phenoxyphenoxyphenylene-ethynylene), was synthesized from 1,4-bis( p-ethynylphenoxy)benzene and dimethyldichlorosilane through Grignard reaction. The structures of the monomer and the resin were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, electron ionization-mass spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography. The thermal behaviour of the resin was examined by differential scanning calorimetry. The cured resin exhibits excellent dielectric property, high glass transition temperature, good mechanical properties and high thermal stability. The flexural strength and impact strength of the cured resin were 55.0 MPa and 10.5 KJ m−2, respectively. The degradation temperature at 5% weight loss of the cured resin arrived at 549°C in nitrogen.
Induced-charge electro-osmotic flow around cylinders with various orientations
Authors: Canpolat Cetin
Published: June 2016

Induced-charge electro-osmosis around multiple gold-coated stainless steel rods under various AC electric fields is investigated using the techniques of microparticle image velocimetry and numerical simulation. In this study, the results of interactions between induced electric double layers of two identical conductive cylinders on surrounding fluid are presented. The induced-charge electro-osmosis flow around multiple rods in touch and with one cylinder diameter gap reveals quadrupolar flow structures with four vortices. The induced-charge electro-osmotic flow structure and velocity magnitude also depend on the cylinder geometry and orientation. It is seen that four small vortices develop in the close region of cylinder surface for multiple rods with gap, while the other four large vortices are surrounding them. The distributions of vorticity patterns also strongly depend on cylinder orientation in the close region of cylinder surface.
Evolution of phases during tempering of P91 steel at 760℃ for varying tempering time and their effect on microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Pandey C , Mahapatra MM
Published: June 2016

In the present investigation, a systematic study has been undertaken with regard to the effects of tempering time on room temperature mechanical properties of P91 (X10CrMoVNNB9-1) steel. Samples cut from P91 (X10CrMoVNNB9-1) industrial pipe were normalized at 1040 ℃ for 40 min and then tempered at 760 ℃ for different tempering times starting from 2 h to 8 h. Detailed analysis of microstructure, particle size, inter-particle spacing, and secondary phase carbide particles of the tempered samples was conducted by secondary electron microscopy technique. Optical microscopy was also utilized to characterize the tempered samples and for the measurement of grain size. In order to reveal the various phases formed during tempering of P91 (X10CrMoVNNB9-1) steel, X-ray diffraction was carried out . To study the fracture surface morphology of tensile tested and impact tested specimen field-emission scanning electron microscopy was carried out. The effect of tempering time on the microstructural parameters revealed an increase in grain size up to 4 h of tempering and then decreased because of recrystallization. The coarsening of secondary phase carbide particles M23C6 was revealed with an increase in tempering time. As a consequence, yield strength, hardness, and ultimate tensile strength were observed to decrease with increase in the tempering time. However, a drastic change was observed in the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and toughness after tempering for 6 h. From the present study, it was concluded that optimum combination of yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, hardness, and toughness obtained after tempering at 760 ℃ for 6 h.
Evaluation of the effect of aluminum surface treatment on mechanical and dynamic properties of PVC/aluminum/fiber glass fiber metal laminates
Authors: Zal Vahid , Moslemi Naeini Hassan , Bahramian Ahmad Reza , Abdollahi Hadi
Published: June 2016

A study on new materials usage to produce fiber metal laminates is presented in this work. Amorphous polyvinyl chloride thermoplastic and aluminum 3550 sheets are used to fabricate the fiber metal laminates. Different surface treatments were carried out on the aluminum sheets and the fiber metal laminates were produced using the film stacking procedure. Flexural strength and modulus of the products and also shear strength of bonding were measured using three-point bending test, and their failure mechanisms were evaluated using optical microscope images. Also, the effects of aluminum layer and aluminum/composite laminates bonding on the dynamic properties of the fiber metal laminates were studied using Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis. It was concluded that mechanical roughening of the aluminum sheet has the maximum effect on the aluminum/matrix bonding strength such that simultaneous fracture of composite laminates and aluminum layer in the bending condition was observed in the produced fiber metal laminates without any delamination.
Youth poverty, employment and livelihoods: social and economic implications of living with insecurity in Arusha, Tanzania
Authors: Banks Nicola
Published: June 2016

The youth employment crisis in sub-Saharan Africa’s towns and cities is among the region’s top development priorities. High rates of youth under- and unemployment create significant obstacles to young people’s ability to become self-reliant, a crucial first step in the transition to adulthood. It is important to explore how local and global structures and processes create the hostile economic and social environment in which urban youth search for livelihoods. Only then can we identify the ways in which urban poverty brings insurmountable constraints on youth agency. We must understand the multitude of obstacles facing urban youth in their quest for decent work and secure livelihoods, how these differ by gender and educational status, and the implications of this for their longer-term social and economic development. This paper attempts such an exploration in the context of Arusha, Tanzania.
Three-objective optimization of a centrifugal pump with double volute to minimize radial thrust at off-design conditions
Authors: Shim Hyeon-Seok , Afzal Arshad , Kim Kwang-Yong , Jeong Han-Sol
Published: June 2016

Optimization of a centrifugal pump with double volute was performed using surrogate modeling and a multi-objective genetic algorithm to minimize the radial thrust at off-design conditions with minimal loss in hydraulic efficiency. Both steady and unsteady numerical analyses were conducted using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a shear stress transport turbulent model. The three objective functions are hydraulic efficiency at the design flow rate, and radial thrust coefficient at 70% and 120% of the design flow rate. In addition, three geometric parameters related to the surface curve and the locations of both ends of the rib structure were selected as the design variables for optimization. The Latin hypercube sampling method was used to choose the design points in the design space. The three objective functions were approximated using response surface approximation models. Pareto-optimal solutions representing the trade-off between the objective functions were obtained using a genetic algorithm. Representative optimal designs show that the optimized double volutes significantly reduce both the radial force and the amplitude of the radial force fluctuation with small loss in hydraulic efficiency.
Robert William Gibson, an all-round accounting contribution
Authors: Carnegie Garry D
Published: June 2016

This biographical study presents a portrait of Robert William Gibson (1931–2014), who spent the bulk of his academic career at the University of Melbourne, the Gordon Institute of Technology and Deakin University, spanning the period 1960 to 1993. Gibson was a prominent researcher of the historical development of regulated company accounting and in exploring issues in contemporary financial reporting. He stimulated curiosity as an accounting educator across a range of subjects, especially accounting theory. Gibson was an editor of accounting history publications, specifically as joint editor of the Accounting History Newsletter (1980–1989) and as editor of the initial or first series of Accounting History (1989–1994). His active life and productive academic career are examined in this study, which includes an outline of his administrative leadership at Deakin University, and his often long-lived voluntary roles beyond higher education institutions, which continued into his retirement. The recognition afforded to Gibson’s all-round contributions to accounting academia is also outlined.
Misusing our talent? Overeducation, overskilling and skill underutilisation among Spanish PhD graduates
Authors: Paolo Antonio Di , Mañé Ferran
Published: July 2016

The ‘knowledge economy’ is said to depend increasingly on capacities for innovation, knowledge-generation and complex problem-solving – capacities attributed to university graduates with research degrees. To what extent, however, is the labour market absorbing and fully utilising these capabilities? Drawing on data from a recent cohort of PhD graduates, we examine the correlates and consequences of qualification and skills mismatch. We show that job characteristics such as economic sector and main work activity play a fundamental and direct role in explaining the phenomenon of mismatch, experienced as overeducation and overskilling. Academic attributes operate mostly indirectly in explaining this mismatch, since their effect loses importance once we control for job-related characteristics. We detected a significant earnings penalty for those who are both overeducated and overskilled. Being mismatched reduces satisfaction with the job as a whole and with non-monetary aspects of the job, especially for those whose skills are underutilised. Overall, the problem of mismatch among PhD graduates is closely related to the demand-side constraints of the labour market. Increasing the number of adequate jobs and broadening the job skills that PhD students acquire during training should be explored as possible responses.
Screening for Elder Abuse Among Turkish Older People: Validity of the Hwalek–Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S “East”)
Authors: Özmete Emine , Megahead Hamido A.
Published: June 2016

Objective:

This study aims to adapt “The Hwalek–Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S “East”)” (Neale, Hwalek, Scott, Sengstock, & Stahl, 1991) to Turkish and to assess its validity and reliability while determining the factors that affect elder abuse.

Method:

The sample of the study is composed of 465 elderly women and men (60+ years of age) who live in different cities in Turkey. First, validity and reliability analyses of the H-S “East” are carried out. Subsequently, binary logistic regression analysis is performed to determine the factors that affect elder abuse.

Results:

In this study, the H-S “East” has a three-factor construction as found in the original scale. Inner consistency coefficient is found as .814. Elder abuse is mostly affected by “life satisfaction,” “use of social benefits,” “satisfaction with income,” and “age.”

Conclusion:

The results show that the Turkish version may be used as a valid and reliable tool in determining elderly abuse in social work practice and also for the purpose of early diagnosis and in other relevant research. Moreover, when the factors that affect elder abuse are taken into account, care and support facilities for the social inclusion of elderly should be developed and relevant social policies should be revised.
Development and Evaluation of a Smartphone-Based Measure of Social Rhythms for Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Matthews Mark , Abdullah Saeed , Murnane Elizabeth , Voida Stephen , Choudhury Tanzeem , Gay Geri , Frank Ellen
Published: June 2016

Dynamic psychological processes are most often assessed using self-report instruments. This places a constraint on how often and for how long data can be collected due to the burden placed on human participants. Smartphones are ubiquitous and highly personal devices, equipped with sensors that offer an opportunity to measure and understand psychological processes in real-world contexts over the long term. In this article, we present a novel smartphone approach to address the limitations of self-report in bipolar disorder where mood and activity are key constructs. We describe the development of MoodRhythm, a smartphone application that incorporates existing self-report elements from interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, a clinically validated treatment, and combines them with novel inputs from smartphone sensors. We reflect on lessons learned in transitioning from an existing self-report instrument to one that involves smartphone sensors and discuss the potential impact of these changes on the future of psychological assessment.
Finite time takagi-sugeno fuzzy control for hydro-turbine governing system
Authors: Wang Bin , Xue Jianyi , Wu Fengjiao , Zhu Delan
Published: June 2016

In this study, a robust finite time Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy control method for hydro-turbine governing system (HTGS) is investigated. Firstly, the mathematical model of HTGS is introduced, and on the basis of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy rules, the T-S fuzzy model of HTGS is presented. Secondly, based on finite time stability theory, a novel finite time Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy control method is designed for the stability control of HTGS. Thirdly, the relatively loose sufficient stability condition is acquired, which could be transformed into a group of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) via Schur complement as well as the strict mathematical derivation is given. Furthermore, the control method could resist random disturbances, which shows the good robustness. Simulation results indicate the designed finite time T-S fuzzy control scheme works well compared with the conventional method. The approach proposed in this paper is easy to implement and also provides reference for relevant hydropower systems.
Challenges for a New Critical Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Flick Uwe
Published: June 2016

Discussions around constructing a new critical qualitative inquiry need to reflect challenges on three levels: (a) Inquiry can be critical about the issues under study—a social or political problem to be addressed in a critical perspective; (b) critical approaches to methods and approaches in current research—other forms (e.g., quantitative research) or parts of the mainstream of qualitative research; and (c) a major challenge is to remain able to really do empirical qualitative research addressing social problems and to remain reflexive. Articles in this special issue address these to make a contribution to constructing a new critical qualitative inquiry.
Baxter elastomeric pumps: Feasibility of weight estimates
Authors: Chambers Carole R , Pabia Mica , Sawyer Michael , Tang Patricia A
Published: June 2016

Purpose

Elastomeric pumps are used to infuse a 46-h fluorouracil protocol and patients are asked to visually inspect the pump daily. The pump has a variability of ±10% and there are additional patient variables that can increase this. The feasibility of weighing the pump rather than a visual inspection along with the secondary objective to confirm the pump’s variability in real world conditions was undertaken.

Methods

Empty pumps were weighed using both pharmacy and kitchen scales. Pumps upon completion of the 46-h infusion were also weighed using both pharmacy and kitchen scales.

Results

The kitchen scale was as accurate as the pharmacy grade scale. Disconnected pumps showed the expected variability from using these infusor pumps along with a few showing greater variability likely due to patient variables.

Conclusion

Weighing pumps appears to be feasible both at the pharmacy and home level. Next steps would be to weigh pumps during the infusion to validate an alternate method to simple visual inspection for patients to confirm proper infusing of the pump at their home.
A Case of Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma in Longstanding Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Zarins Andrea , Smith Douglas , Fahim Simone
Published: June 2016

Background:

The association between lymphoproliferative malignancies and autoimmune rheumatological diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), remains of great interest. It is known that individuals with immune dysregulation also have an increased risk of lymphoma.

Objective:

To report a case of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the leg type associated with longstanding SLE, as well as to review the literature for similar cases.

Methods:

A PubMed search was done using the following search terms: lupus and B-cell lymphoma.

Results:

Although several studies show that non-Hodgkin lymphoma is significantly increased in SLE, there is currently no literature reporting specifically on the risk of primary cutaneous lymphomas in patients with SLE.

Conclusion:

Our report highlights the possibility that patients with autoimmune disease are at increased risk of not only the classic forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma but also primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas.
Sociology and the mirror of nature: Robert Brandom and the strong programme
Authors: Law Duncan , Pepperell Nicole
Published: June 2016

The ‘strong programme’ in the sociology of scientific knowledge has both exerted enormous influence on science studies, and been widely criticised for its apparent commitment to epistemological relativism. In this article we argue that the recent work of the pragmatist philosopher Robert Brandom provides a potential resolution to these debates. Brandom’s work, we argue, meets the key commitments of the strong programme, including particularly commitments to symmetry and reflexivity, while also demonstrating how these commitments are compatible with a robust – but non-dogmatic, pragmatist – concept of objective knowledge. In so doing, it provides a theoretically developed account of why the traditions of empirical science studies that emerged from the strong programme need not be seen as undermining scientific objectivity, while it also supports a reflexive, critical sociological analysis of scientific practice.
Targeting question’s inappositeness: The Estonian kus ‘where’-interrogative in the second position
Authors: Laanesoo Kirsi
Published: June 2016

This article examines the use of the kus ‘where’-interrogative clause in the second position of a question–answer adjacency pair in Estonian informal interaction. Applying an interactional linguistic approach, I will demonstrate how speakers use the kus-interrogative to point out the inappositeness of their interlocutor’s question. The use of the kus-interrogative in the second position implies that the questioner should already know the answer before asking. Essentially, the kus-interrogative is a response that negates the presumption posed by the polar question. Nonetheless, the negation is not sufficient to close this question–answer sequence. Instead, the interlocutors treat the kus-interrogative response as a challenge by subsequently justifying their question.
Thermo-physical properties of short banana–jute fiber-reinforced epoxy-based hybrid composites
Authors: Devireddy Siva Bhaskara Rao , Biswas Sandhyarani
Published: June 2016

The utilization of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites is rapidly increasing in many industrial applications and fundamental research. In this work, short banana-jute fiber-reinforced epoxy-based hybrid composite was prepared by varying the fiber loading (0–40 wt.%) and different weight ratios of banana and jute fiber (1:1, 1:3, and 3:1). The physical and thermal properties such as density, water absorption, thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal diffusivity were evaluated as per ASTM standards. A new micromechanical model was developed for evaluating the effective thermal conductivity of short fiber-reinforced hybrid composites by using the law of minimal thermal resistance and equal law of specific equivalent thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity was calculated numerically by using the steady state heat transfer simulations. The proposed model and numerical results were validated with the experimental results and analytical methods existing in the literature. The effective thermal conductivity was predicted with the proposed model, and the finite element method is in good agreement with the experimental values and observed an acceptable range of 0–6.5% and 0–11% error, respectively. The results reveal that the composite made with banana and jute in the weight ratio of 1:3 shows minimum void content, water absorption, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity at all fiber loadings. The fabricated hybrid composites were suitable for building components and automobiles in order to reduce the energy consumption.
Dry sliding wear behaviour of AA6082-T6/SiC/B4C hybrid metal matrix composites using response surface methodology
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Goyal Sanjeev
Published: June 2016

In the present work, dry sliding wear behaviour of hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites is carried out. A mixture of silicon carbide and boron carbide is used in equal fraction as reinforcement with base material AA6082-T6 to prepare AA6082-T6/SiC/B4C hybrid metal matrix composites using stir casting technique. The weight percentage of silicon carbide and boron carbide mixture taken to prepare hybrid composites is 5, 10, 15 and 20. The wear behaviour of Al-SiC-B4C composites is investigated using a pin-on-disc apparatus at room temperature, and optimization of process parameters is done using response surface methodology. The weight percentage of reinforcement, sliding speed, load and sliding distance are selected as process parameters with five levels of each. Analysis of variance shows that wear increases with increase of load or sliding distance and decreases with an increase in reinforcement or sliding speed. The experimental results revealed that the wear of Al-SiC-B4C hybrid composites has been influenced most by the sliding distance and least by weight percentage of reinforcement. The interaction between load–sliding speed is the only significant two-factor interaction in the present model which increases wear rate in fabricated hybrid composites. Further, the experimental results obtained are verified by conducting confirmation tests, and the errors found are within 3 to 7%.
Experimental study on rotary ultrasonic machining of alumina ceramic: Microstructure analysis and multi-response optimization
Authors: Singh Ravi Pratap , Singhal Sandeep
Published: June 2016

Excellent and superior properties of alumina ceramic make it a one of the highly demanded advanced ceramics in the present competitive scenario of manufacturing and industrial applications. However, its effective and economic processing is still a challenge. The present article has targeted to experimentally investigate the influence of several process variables, namely spindle speed, feed rate, coolant pressure, and ultrasonic power on different machining performances, i.e. surface roughness, and chipping thickness. Response surface methodology has been employed to design the experiments. Microstructure of the machined samples has been evaluated and analyzed through scanning electron microscope. This analysis has revealed and confirmed the presence of plastic deformation of work surface that caused the material removal along with the dominated brittle fracture in the processing of alumina ceramic with rotary ultrasonic machining. The multi-response optimization of machining responses has been done by using desirability approach. At the optimized parametric setting, the obtained experimental values for surface roughness and chipping thickness are found to be 0.215 µm and 0.159 mm, respectively.
The family in the view of Israeli adolescents in foster care
Authors: Mahat-Shamir Michal , Davidson Arad Bilha , Shilo Guy , Adler Ronit , Leichtentritt Ronit D
Published: June 2016

This qualitative study explores the unique views about the family system held by adolescents who have spent years in foster care in Israel. This inductive study is among the few to address the unheard views held, and the salient challenges faced, by adolescents who have not grown up in their biological parents’ home, with a focus on their view of the family.

Findings

Participants’ demonstrated conflicting, polarizing perceptions of the family: (a) family is a genetic system: blood is thicker than water; (b) the family system is constructed and limited by terminology; and (c) communication is essential to family life.

Applications

While the first two themes highlighted the participants’ family of origin as their “true family” the last theme emphasized on the foster family as their “true” family system. Synthesis between these views could not be achieved as informants embraced the social expectation perceiving the family as one. Raising social and professional awareness about the difficulties these young people face partly because of an exclusive social view of the family lies in the sphere of interest and the social work professional expertise.
Embracing tension: using Bakhtinian theory as a means for data analysis
Authors: Hong Xiaoli , Falter Michelle M , Fecho Bob
Published: June 2016

In this article we introduce tension as a means for qualitative data analysis based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s dialogical theory. We first explain the foundations of Bakhtin’s theory and show the inevitability of tension in our lives and qualitative data analysis. We then offer a review of how Bakhtin’s notion of tension has manifested itself in qualitative research, which prompts us to establish a tensional approach to qualitative data analysis. Finally, we outline our framework for a tensional approach to data analysis and illustrate examples of putting this approach into practice in our own study. Our tensional approach (1) explores key moments of tension; (2) seeks out unease and discomfort; (3) involves researcher and research participants in ongoing dialogue; (4) and embraces multiple perspectives on a range of tensions during the data analysis process. It encourages uncertainties and questions instead of pursuing certainty of meaning and fixed conclusions.
Social media photography: construing subjectivity in Instagram images
Authors: Zappavigna Michele
Published: June 2016

This article explores interpersonal meaning in social media photographs, using the representation of motherhood in Instagram images as a case study. It investigates the visual choices that are made in these images to construe relationships between the represented participants, the photographer, and the ambient social media viewer. The author draws upon existing work on the visual systems of point of view and focalization to explore interpersonal meaning in these images, and proposes that an additional system – subjectification – is needed to account for the kinds of relationship between the viewer and the photographer that are instantiated in social photographs, as well as the ways in which subjectivity is signaled in these images. The dataset analyzed is the entire Instagram feed of a single user who posts images of her experience of motherhood and a collection of 500 images using the hashtag #motherhood.
Pretty in pink vs pretty in black: blogs as gendered avatars
Authors: Vaisman Carmel L
Published: June 2016

Blogs are usually treated as texts, despite the expressive potential of their visual elements through which ideology is often not expressed straightforwardly, but encoded in the imagery. This study offers an analysis of blog design themes and blog sidebar ‘badges’ produced by Jewish-Israeli girls aged 11 to 16 on Israblog, Israel’s largest blogging community. By looking at the blog as a ‘digital body’ or an avatar of the blogger, the author examines design elements as resources of identity performance and contextualizes the findings within the fields of girl studies and feminist theory. She argues that under the surface of the distinctive subcultural styles often presented as adversarial lies the same hegemonic Western girlhood model; however, global girlhood models may be interpreted as subversive in the Israeli cultural context.
Animated GIFs as vernacular graphic design: producing Tumblr blogs
Authors: Gürsimsek Ödül Akyapi
Published: June 2016

Online television audiences create a variety of digital content on the internet. Fans of television production design produce and share such content to express themselves and engage with the objects of their interest. These digital expressions, which exist in the form of graphics, text, videos and often a mix of some of these modes, seem to enable participatory conversations by the audience communities that continue over a period of time. One example of such multimodal digital content is the graphic format called the animated GIF (graphics interchange format). This article focuses on content creation by online audiences who use the blogging service Tumblr and analyses the animated GIF – a web image format that is able to display a succession of frames – from a multimodal and social semiotic viewpoint. The author analyzes animated GIFs as digital content, and frames digital content creation as design, both in the sense that multimodal meaning making is an act of design and in the sense that web-based graphics are designed graphics that are created through a design process. She specifically focuses on the transmedia television production entitled Lost and analyzes the design of animated GIFs related to Lost in participatory online platforms. Therefore, this article aims to understand the role of GIFs in online communication as a transmedia literacy practice through a case study of the creation of GIFs within the Lost fan community on Tumblr.
“I Can Get Through This and I Will Get Through This”: The unfolding journey of teenage motherhood in and beyond foster care
Authors: Aparicio Elizabeth M , Gioia Deborah , Pecukonis Edward V
Published: June 2016

Using a series of 18 in-depth qualitative interviews from six participants, the present study employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore emerging conceptualizations of motherhood among young mothers who gave birth as teenagers while living in foster care. Analysis revealed three themes: Ambivalent Beginnings, Coming into Our Own, and Finding Our Way, which, together, offer an understanding of youths’ interpretation of their experiences of motherhood over time. Findings extend and complicate a risk-only view of teenage pregnancy within foster care settings. They call for a compassionate view of mothering and attuned intervention in these challenging circumstances in order to support both mother and infant mental health and well-being. Study findings further suggest a need for ongoing, relationship-based parenting support coupled with thoughtful pregnancy planning, foster parent training in coming alongside teens rather than either withdrawing or taking over, and nurturing postpartum support.
Measuring Coping Behavior in Liver Transplant Candidates
Authors: Amoyal Nicole , Fernandez Anne C. , Ng Reuben , Fehon Dwain C.
Published: June 2016

Liver transplant candidates must cope with significant physiological and psychological challenges. The Brief COPE is a frequently used measure of coping behavior; however, knowledge of the scale’s factor structure and construct validity is limited with regard to liver transplant candidates. This study assessed the validity of the Brief COPE in 120 liver transplant candidates using exploratory factor analysis. Results revealed a 6-factor solution, only 2 of which were consistent with the original scale assignments. Construct validity of the 6 Brief COPE scales yielded in this study was demonstrated. The results indicate that the Brief COPE is valid, reliable, and can be meaningfully interpreted in liver transplant patients. Future research should confirm this factor structure and examine its predictive validity prior to widespread use among liver transplant patients. Suggestions are presented for enhancing the care of transplant candidates by promoting the use of adaptive coping mechanisms to manage distress.