bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Unusual Subgenomic Organization in the Neopolyploid Free-Living Flatworm Macrostomum lignano
Authors: Zadesenets Kira S , Ershov Nikita I , Bondar Natalia P , Rubtsov Nikolai B
Published: November 2023

Whole genome duplication (WGD) is an evolutionary event resulting in a redundancy of genetic material. Different mechanisms of WGD, allo- or autopolyploidization, lead to distinct evolutionary trajectories of newly formed polyploids. Genome studies on such species are important for understanding the early stages of genome evolution. However, assembling neopolyploid is a challenging task due to the presence of 2 homologous (or homeologous) chromosome sets and therefore the existence of the extended paralogous regions in its genome. Post-WGD evolution of polyploids includes cytogenetic diploidization leading to the formation of species, whose polyploid origin might be hidden by disomic inheritance. Earlier we uncovered the hidden polyploid origin of the free-living flatworms of the genus Macrostomum (Macrostomum lignano, M. janickei, and M. mirumnovem). Cytogenetic diploidization in these species is accompanied by intensive chromosomal rearrangements including chromosomes fusions. In this study, we unravel the M. lignano genome organization through generation and sequencing of 2 sublines of the commonly used inbred line of M. lignano (called DV1) differing only in a copy number of the largest chromosome (MLI1). Using nontrivial assembly free comparative analysis of their genomes, we deciphered DNA sequences belonging to MLI1 and validated them by sequencing the pool of microdissected MLI1. Here we presented the uncommon mechanism of genome rediplodization of M. lignano, which consists of (i) presence of 3 subgenomes, which emerged via formation of large fused chromosomes and its variants, and (ii) sustaining their heterozygosity through inter- and intrachromosomal rearrangements.
Stem cell-based therapy for systemic sclerosis
Authors: Zare Moghaddam Maryam , Mousavi Mohammad Javad , Ghotloo Somayeh
Published: November 2023

Autoimmune diseases, including SSc, are prevalent, affecting autologous connective tissues and caused by the breakdown of self-tolerance mechanisms of the immune system. During the last 2 decades, stem cell therapy has been increasingly considered as a therapeutic option in various diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, liver disease, diabetes, heart disease, bone disease, renal disease, respiratory disease and haematological abnormalities such as anaemia. This is due to the unique properties of stem cells that both divide and differentiate to the specialized cells in the damaged tissue. Moreover, they impose immunomodulatory properties affecting the diseases caused by immunological abnormalities such as SSc. In the present review, the efficacy of stem cell therapy with two main types of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, will be reviewed. Moreover, other related issues, including safety, changes in immunological parameters, suitable choice of stem cell origin, conditioning regimen and complications of stem cell treatment will be discussed.
Negative emotion reduces the discriminability of reward outcomes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Chakravarthula Lakshman N.C , Padmala Srikanth
Published: November 2023

Reward and emotion are tightly intertwined, so there is a growing interest in mapping their interactions. However, our knowledge of these interactions in the human brain, especially during the consummatory phase of reward is limited. To address this critical gap, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study to investigate the effects of negative emotion on reward outcome processing. We employed a novel design where emotional valence (negative or neutral) indicated the type of outcome (reward or no-reward) in a choice task. We focused our functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis on the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), ventral striatum and amygdala, which were frequently implicated in reward outcome processing. In these regions of interest, we performed multi-voxel pattern analysis to specifically probe how negative emotion modulates reward outcome processing. In vmPFC, using decoding analysis, we found evidence consistent with the reduced discriminability of multi-variate activity patterns of reward vs no-reward outcomes when signaled by a negative relative to a neutral image, suggesting an emotional modulation of reward processing along the plausible common value/valence dimension. These findings advance our limited understanding of the basic brain mechanisms underlying the influence of negative emotion on consummatory reward processing, with potential implications for mental disorders, particularly anxiety and depression.
Sodium nitrite suicide and social media influence
Authors: Smith Erin Murphy
Published: November 2023

This article addresses the increase in suicide rates in the US, emphasizing the emergence of sodium nitrite ingestion as a method of self-harm, particularly among adolescents and young adults influenced by social media. Given the rising incidence of sodium nitrite-related suicide attempts, healthcare providers must remain vigilant and prepared to respond effectively.
Osteoporosis
Authors: Peacock-Johnson Annette M. , Keresztes Patricia
Published: November 2023

Osteoporosis, a common chronic bone disease, results in reduced bone mineral density and heightened fracture risk, particularly vertebral fractures. This article provides an overview of the condition's diagnosis and management updates.
Complementary and alternative medicine carts in the inpatient rehabilitation unit
Authors: Aleman Elisabeth , Nairon Emerson B. , Sida Deseary , Olson Daiwai M.
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

To determine if increased accessibility to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) increases the usage of CAM interventions.

Methods:

A prospective pre-post study with a “run-in” design in a hospital with two inpatient rehabilitation floors was used. Data were analyzed with SAS v9.4.

Results:

CAM use before implementation was 2.8 (1.0); after implementation, 3.1 (0.56).

Conclusion:

Greater access to CAM materials did not significantly increase their use (P = .233). Aromatherapy was used more after increased availability, but heat and cold application decreased. Nurses valued CAM even though independent practice was not fully supported.
The Current and Future State of AI Interpretation of Medical Images
Authors: Rajpurkar P. , Lungren M. P.
Published: November 2023

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2023;388:1981–1990)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasing role in many aspects of business and health care, including in the interpretation of medical images. This article is a review and discussion about the progress, challenges, and opportunities associated with AI in assisting radiologists and other medical professionals, in addition to risks associated with AI interpretation of images.
Does Maternal Age Affect Assisted Reproduction Technology Success Rates After Euploid Embryo Transfer? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Vitagliano Amerigo , Paffoni Alessio , Vigano Paola
Published: November 2023

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2023;120(2))

Despite recent advancements in assisted reproductive technology (ART), the rate of live birth in advanced-age women remains suboptimal. Although many factors likely contribute, age-related embryo aneuploidy is considered the most significant determinant of cycle outcomes and has the lowest rate among women in their middle to late 20s but rises steadily from age 31 through 43 years.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in elderly patients with lung cancer: evidence from phase 3 trials
Authors: Wang Li , Zhou Juan , Yu Xin , Su Chunxia
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review

In this article, we aimed to summarize the results from recent phase III clinical trials that have evaluated the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in elderly patients with lung cancer.

Recent findings

Lung cancer is the second most diagnosed malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. ICIs have a significant role in the treatment of lung cancer, both as monotherapy and combination therapy prolonged survival benefits. At present, a significant proportion of clinical patients comprise individuals aged 70 years or older. However, the inclusion of elderly patients, particularly in clinical trials involving immunotherapy, remains inadequate, with a limited number of participants from this age group. The lack of evidence regarding the use of ICIs in elderly patients is primarily attributed to the significant underrepresentation of elderly individuals in clinical trials.

In this article, we summarize the results from recent phase III clinical trials that have evaluated the use of ICIs as first-line or second-line monotherapy, in combination with chemotherapy and other immunotherapies in elderly patients with lung cancer.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: towards a risk-based approach integrating molecular and biomarker results
Authors: Machens Andreas , Dralle Henning
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review

Significant advances have transformed our understanding of the molecular biology and natural history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). This progress enacted a paradigm shift with regard to routine neck dissection for medullary thyroid cancer and total adrenalectomy for pheochromoytoma. The purpose of this review is to summarize key molecular and clinical data underpinning the current risk-based approach to MEN2 that integrates molecular and biomarker results.

Recent findings

Early identification and biochemical monitoring of rearranged during transfection (RET) carriers yield important lead time. Within these ‘windows of opportunity’, total thyroidectomy alone, avoiding incremental morbidity from node dissection; ‘tissue-sparing’ subtotal adrenalectomy, balancing risks of steroid dependency with pheochromocytoma recurrence in adrenal remnants; and parathyroidectomy of enlarged glands only, weighing risks of postoperative hypoparathyroidism against hyperactive parathyroid glands left behind, are adequate therapies.

All that is needed to determine a RET carriers’ risk of medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma and/or primary hyperparathyroidism in the molecular era is patient age, underlying RET mutation, and biomarker levels. As broader testing begins to penetrate healthcare, the needle on population genomic screening and education needs to be moved forward to complete the transition from symptom-based to preventive healthcare.
Pathologic diagnosis of lung cancer – recent developments
Authors: Popper Helmut
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review

Diagnosis of lung cancer has previously been based on the evaluation of resection specimen. However, approximately 80% of lung cancers are diagnosed in stage IV. Targeted therapy has changed the practice of pathology. Diagnosis is usually based on small biopsies or even needle aspirations. Subtyping is important, as a molecular classification has to be added.

Recent findings

Molecular analysis has to be done in adenocarcinomas and on some of the rarer carcinoma types. Molecular analysis of squamous cell carcinomas should be done in never or former smokers, as they might present with targetable oncogenes. The same applies for adenosquamous carcinomas. Both high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas should be subtyped. These subtypes might become relevant for new treatment options, currently investigated. Subtyping is done by immunohistochemistry with antibodies for ASCL1, NeuroD1, and POU2F3. In carcinoids, molecular investigation can better define cases with a higher risk of recurrence and metastasis.

Diagnosis of lung cancer is most often done on small biopsies or cytological preparations. Only a minimal number of tissues or cellular material is used for diagnosis. A considerable portion is reserved for molecular analysis. Molecular investigation is important in adenocarcinomas, but also for other rare tumor types.
The influence of urban trees and total vegetation on asthma development in children
Authors: Duquesne Louise , Anassour Laouan Sidi Elhadji , Plante Céline , Liu Ying , Zhao Naizhuo , Lavigne Éric , Zinszer Kate , Sousa-Silva Rita , Fournier Michel , J. Villeneuve Paul , Kaiser David J. , Smargiassi Audrey
Published: November 2023

Objective:

We aimed to assess whether the influence of urban vegetation on asthma development in children (<13 years) varies by type (e.g., total vegetation, tree type, and grass) and season.

Methods:

We used a cohort of all children born in Montreal, Canada, between 2000 and 2015. Children and cases were identified from linked medico-administrative databases. Exposure to residential vegetation was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for total vegetation and using the total area covered by deciduous and evergreen crowns for trees in 250 m buffers centered on residential postal codes. Seasonal variations in vegetation were modeled by setting values to zero on days outside of pollen and leaf-on seasons. Cox models with vegetation exposures, age as a time axis, and adjusted for sex, material deprivation, and health region were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for asthma development.

Results:

We followed 352,946 children for a total of 1,732,064 person-years and identified 30,816 incident cases of asthma. While annual vegetation (total and trees) measures did not appear to be associated with asthma development, models for pollen and leaf-on seasons yielded significant nonlinear associations. The risk of developing asthma was lower in children exposed to high levels (>33,300 m2) of deciduous crown area for the leaf-on season (HR = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67, 0.72) and increased for the pollen season (HR = 1.07; 95% CI =1.02, 1.12), compared with unexposed children. Similar results were found with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index.

Conclusion:

The relationship between urban vegetation and childhood asthma development is nonlinear and influenced by vegetation characteristics, from protective during the leaf-on season to harmful during the pollen season.
Biceps Transfer to FDP–FPL Tendon Augmented with Fascia Lata to Restore Hand Function in Neglected Fracture Treated by Traditional Bone-setters
Authors: Meirizal Meirizal , Baskara Anak Agung Ngurah Nata , Muhammad Hilmi , Rukmoyo Tedjo
Published: November 2023

Neglected bone fractures owing to the traditional bone-setter practices could lead to devastating complications. We aimed to describe the procedure and outcome of fascia lata augmentation for a forearm massive soft tissue loss case. Here, we report a case of a 14-year-old boy who presented to our hospital with a history of neglected right forearm fracture 4 years prior. He had been treated by a traditional bone-setter instead of seeking professional medical help, which resulted in wide-spread infection requiring debridement and, eventually, massive soft tissue loss, wrist radial deviation deformity due to epiphyseal growth arrest, and loss of all right-hand function. Intervention performed was biceps transfer to flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon augmented with fascia lata with anterior capsulectomy, bilobed flap, and transfixing wire of wrist joint, followed by ulnar centralization with wrist arthrodesis. The patient reported satisfaction postreconstruction, owing to the enhancement of hand function and appearance. He also showed significant improvement in activities of daily living and penmanship, and was even able to continue his old hobby as a traditional puppeteer. Autologous fascia lata tendon transfer connecting biceps to FDP and FPL tendon alongside ulnar centralization with wrist arthrodesis is a novel technique that has promising results to improve hand function and appearance.
The Subcalcaneal Fat Pad: An Innovative Space for Passage of the Pedicle in Free Flap Reconstruction of Lateral Heel Defects
Authors: Scharfetter Sandra , Schwaiger Karl , Wechselberger Gottfried
Published: November 2023

Soft-tissue defects of the lateral heel remain a challenge for reconstructive surgeons. Although a reliable vascular supply for free flap anastomosis is available anteriorly from the anterior tibial vessels and medially from the posterior tibial vessels, the vascular anatomy of the lateral side lacks suitable donor vessels for free flap anastomoses. Although the pedicle can be passed either ventrally beneath the skin or dorsally between the Achilles tendon and calcaneus, these passages are hardly applicable for lateral heel defects. We identified the space between the plantar surface of the calcaneus and the plantar aponeurosis as an innovative approach for reconstruction. Therefore, we propose the subcalcaneal fat pad as an alternative and reliable route for the passage of the flap pedicle to the posterior tibial vessels in free flap reconstruction of soft-tissue defects in the lateral calcaneal region. Consequently, the vascular pedicle can be safely anastomosed to the posterior tibial vessels. This approach provides a new option for recipient vessels in free flap reconstruction.
A multicellular liver organoid model for investigating hepatitis C virus infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression
Authors: Lee Jaeseo , Gil Dayeon , Park Hyeyeon , Lee Youngsun , Mun Seon Ju , Shin Yongbo , Jo Eunji , Windisch Marc P. , Kim Jung-Hyun , Son Myung Jin
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims:

HCV infection can be successfully managed with antiviral therapies; however, progression to chronic liver disease states, including NAFLD, is common. There is currently no reliable in vitro model for investigating host-viral interactions underlying the link between HCV and NAFLD; although liver organoids (LOs) show promise, they currently lack nonparenchymal cells, which are key to modeling disease progression.

Approach and Results:

Here, we present a novel, multicellular LO model using a coculture system of macrophages and LOs differentiated from the same human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The cocultured macrophages shifted toward a Kupffer-like cell type, the liver-resident macrophages present in vivo, providing a suitable model for investigating NAFLD pathogenesis. With this multicellular Kupffer-like cell-containing LO model, we found that HCV infection led to lipid accumulation in LOs by upregulating host lipogenesis, which was more marked with macrophage coculture. Reciprocally, long-term treatment of LOs with fatty acids upregulated HCV amplification and promoted inflammation and fibrosis. Notably, in our Kupffer-like cell-containing LO model, the effects of 3 drugs for NASH that have reached phase 3 clinical trials exhibited consistent results with the clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

Taken together, we introduced a multicellular LO model consisting of hepatocytes, Kupffer-like cells, and HSCs, which recapitulated host-virus intercommunication and intercellular interactions. With this novel model, we present a physiologically relevant system for the investigation of NAFLD progression in patients with HCV.
Prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis delta virus infection in patients with hepatitis B in the United States: An analysis of the All-Payer Claims Database
Authors: Gish Robert G. , Jacobson Ira M. , Lim Joseph K. , Waters-Banker Christine , Kaushik Ankita , Kim Chong , Cyhaniuk Anissa , Wong Robert J.
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims:

HDV leads to the most severe form of viral hepatitis; however, the prevalence of HDV is not well understood. Using real-world data from the All-Payer Claims Database, this study estimates the prevalence of HBV/HDV infection among the chronic HBV population and describes patient/clinical characteristics for adults with HBV/HDV infection in the United States.

Approach and Results:

Adults (≥18 years) with ≥1 inpatient claim or ≥2 outpatient claims for HDV infection or HBV in the All-Payer Claims Database from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, were identified. HDV prevalence was calculated as the proportion of patients with HBV/HDV infection among total patients with HBV infection. Patient characteristics, socioeconomic status, advanced liver complications (eg, cirrhosis, HCC), and comorbidities were assessed. A total of 6719 patients were diagnosed with HBV/HDV among 144,975 with HBV and 12 months of continuous data, for a prevalence of 4.6%. At diagnosis, 31.7% of patients with HBV/HDV had advanced liver complications, including compensated cirrhosis (16.3%) and decompensated cirrhosis (10.4%). Diabetes (50.5%), hypertension (49.8%), and HIV infection (30.9%) were the top 3 comorbidities.

Conclusions:

In a large database capturing approximately 80% of the US-insured population, HBV/HDV infection prevalence was 4.6% among adults infected with HBV. Patients infected with HDV had high rates of baseline liver complications and other comorbidities at the time of diagnosis, suggesting potentially delayed diagnosis and/or treatment. Earlier identification of HBV/HDV infection among the population with HBV may provide opportunities to improve linkage to care and treatment, thereby reducing the risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Features Among Pilots of the Republic of Korea Air Force
Authors: Park Jae Yong , Kim Jae Suk , Sim Ha Eun , Lee Seung Hyun , Na Hyun Min , Kang Min Ji , Hwang Je Hyung
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) features among pilots of Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF).

Methods:

This retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed with a total of 2781 ROKAF pilots who underwent regular medical examinations between 2020-2021. AMD features were determined and graded by fundus photographs. Risk factors were identified with logistic regression analysis in odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:

The prevalence was 12.9% in the ROKAF pilots and 35.2% in those over 50 years of age. Pilots with AMD features were positively associated with age (OR:1.082, CI:1.067-1.096, P<0.001), male sex (OR:0.229, CI:0.056-0.939, P=0.041), smoking (OR:1.027, CI:1.008-1.047, P=0.006), flight time (OR:1.004, CI:1.003-1.005, P<0.001), total cholesterol (OR:1.004, CI:1.000-1.007, P=0.033), and low-density lipoprotein (OR:1.005, CI:1.001-1.008, P=0.011). Aircraft type was also identified as a risk factor (OR:0.617, CI:0.460-0.827 for carrier, OR:0.572, CI:0.348-0.940 for helicopter, P=0.002), with fighter pilots having a higher risk than carrier and helicopter pilots. The results were similar for pilots over 50 years of age.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of AMD features in ROKAF pilots was higher than other general populations studied. Identified risk factors such as flight time and aircraft type suggest potential occupational risk of AMD in aviators.
MODIFICATION OF THE SUPRACHOROIDAL BUCKLING TECHNIQUE FOR THE TREATMENT OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Bosnar Damir , Zagorec Mira Knežić , Bušić Mladen , Marković Leon , Cigić Valentina , Predović Jurica , Ramić Senad
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE:

To describe modification of the suprachoroidal buckling technique for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) which may improve the safety profile.

METHODS:

A single-surgeon foot-pedal-controlled automated suprachoroidal injection (SCI) of sodium hyaluronate 1%, namely ProVisc® (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX, USA) was used for the treatment of RRD. MicroDose™ Injection Kit (MedOne Surgical, Sarasota, FL, USA) including connector and 1 mL syringe, designed for subretinal injection, was used to adapt Constellation® Vision System (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX, USA) vitrectomy console for SCI of ProVisc® from the 1 mL syringe.

RESULTS:

This approach enables better surgeon control during SCI. Three highly myopic eyes of three patients with primary macula-on RRD and single superior peripheral retinal break were treated. Complete retinal reattachment was achieved in all eyes without complications.

CONCLUSION:

Injecting ProVisc® under foot-pedal control provides a more precise and potentially safer suprachoroidal buckling technique compared to manual technique with more variable injection speed and pressure.
The desire for side-effect information in pain treatment: an experimental analysis of contextual and individual difference factors
Authors: Clemens Kelly S. , Vang Michael , Colloca Luana , Sieg Mette , Vase Lene , Ruble Abigail , Geers Andrew L.
Published: November 2023

Informing patients about potential side effects of pain treatment is a requirement that protects patients and aids decision making, but it increases the likelihood of unwanted nocebo side effects. If patients do not desire all side-effect information, it may be possible to ethically reduce nocebo effects through authorized concealment of side effects, whereby patients and clinicians engage in shared decision-making to regulate the disclosure of side-effect information. Currently, there is no experimental data clarifying the factors that causally influence desire for side-effect information in pain treatment. In 2 cross-sectional, between-subjects scenario experiments (experiment 1 N = 498, experiment 2 N = 501), 18 to 79-year-old community adults learned about a lower back pain treatment, and potential side-effect severity, frequency, and duration were manipulated. Individual differences in information avoidance were also recorded. In both experiments, participants reported high desire for side-effect information, but the desire was reduced when side effects were described as less severe, less frequent, and participants scored high in information avoidance. Results were not moderated by participants' level of contact with the health care system, chronic health condition, or clinical pain history. Additional analyses indicated that low side-effect severity and frequency lessen desire for side-effect information because these variables reduce belief that side-effect information will be needed in the future and lower feelings of anticipated regret. The experiments identify situational and individual-difference factors that decrease the desire for side-effect information and provide evidence on when and for whom it may be useful for physicians to engage in shared medical decision-making with the goal of reducing nocebo side effects.
Draining Lesions in the Intergluteal Cleft
Authors: Han Joseph , Luu Yen , Admani Shehla
Published: November 2023

Pilonidal disease typically affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper intergluteal cleft. Prompt recognition of this diagnosis is imperative to facilitate timely treatment of this disease to reduce morbidity and improve health outcomes for patients. Herein, we describe a case of a young patient with pilonidal disease and discuss the optimal management practice for this condition.
Describing Skin Lesions in Dermatology
Authors: Brickley Sylvana , Lipworth Adam
Published: November 2023

This article serves as a primer for dermatology nurses and others practicing dermatology, to define and summarize the most commonly used primary and secondary terms to describe skin lesions in dermatology. The importance of a standardized approach to describing examination findings is discussed. Photos of primary and secondary lesions as well as examples of each are presented.
Managing Surgical Site Scarring as a Complication of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation
Authors: Birchansky Bradlee , Greif Trenton , Powers Edward Michael , Powers Jennifer G.
Published: November 2023

Pathologic collagen deposition in the form of keloid or hypertrophic scarring can result from any procedure that involves skin barrier disturbance. In this case report, we present a case of a patient who developed hypertrophic scarring complicated by the uncommon symptom of dysesthesia after pacemaker implantation and was successfully treated with intralesional corticosteroids. Although intralesional steroid injection is a well-known treatment option for hypertrophic scarring, both the rarity of hypertrophic scarring after pacemaker implantation and the seriousness of the complications that can result from pocket seeding and infection after injection at a pacemaker site are noteworthy. This case thus serves as a precautionary guideline for providers who will encounter similar cases.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Rodriguez Hugo C. , Rust Brandon , Hansen Payton Yerke , Maffulli Nicola , Gupta Manu , Potty Anish G. , Gupta Ashim
Published: November 2023

Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) negatively impacts patient well-being. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a promising tool in medical decision-making. Within AI, deep learning allows to autonomously solve complex tasks. This review assesses the current and potential applications of AI in the management of RCT, focusing on diagnostic utility, challenges, and future perspectives. AI demonstrates promise in RCT diagnosis, aiding clinicians in interpreting complex imaging data. Deep learning frameworks, particularly convoluted neural networks architectures, exhibit remarkable diagnostic accuracy in detecting RCTs on magnetic resonance imaging. Advanced segmentation algorithms improve anatomic visualization and surgical planning. AI-assisted radiograph interpretation proves effective in ruling out full-thickness tears. Machine learning models predict RCT diagnosis and postoperative outcomes, enhancing personalized patient care. Challenges include small data sets and classification complexities, especially for partial thickness tears. Current applications of AI in RCT management are promising yet experimental. The potential of AI to revolutionize personalized, efficient, and accurate care for RCT patients is evident. The integration of AI with clinical expertise holds potential to redefine treatment strategies and optimize patient outcomes. Further research, larger data sets, and collaborative efforts are essential to unlock the transformative impact of AI in orthopedic surgery and RCT management.
Overview of modern genomic tools for diagnosis and precision therapy of childhood solid cancers
Authors: Mardis Elaine R.
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review

The application of technology and computational analyses to generate new data types from pediatric solid cancers is transforming diagnostic accuracy. This review provides an overview of such new capabilities in the pursuit of improved treatment for essentially rare and underserved diseases that are the highest cause of mortality in children over one year of age. Sophisticated ways of identifying therapeutic vulnerabilities for highly personalized treatment are presented alongside cutting-edge disease response monitoring by liquid biopsy.

Recent findings

Precision molecular profiling data are now being combined with conventional pathology-based evaluation of pediatric cancer tissues. The resulting diagnostic information can be used to guide therapeutic decision-making, including the use of small molecule inhibitors and of immunotherapies. Integrating somatic and germline variant profiles constitutes a critical component of this emerging paradigm, as does tissue-of-origin derivation from methylation profiling, and rapid screening of potential therapies. These new approaches are poised for use in disease response and therapy resistance monitoring.

The integration of clinical molecular profiling data with pathology can provide a highly precise diagnosis, identify therapeutic vulnerabilities, and monitor patient responses, providing next steps toward precision oncology for improved outcomes, including reducing lifelong treatment-related sequelae.
Effect of aromatherapy with rose essential oil on the nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Takasi Poorya , Ghanbari Atefeh , Maroufizadeh Saman , Parvinroo Shirin , Gharib Sirous , khaleghdoost Mohammadi Tahere , ashrafi Sanam
Published: November 2023

Background:

The present study aims to determine the effect of aromatherapy with rose essential oil on the rate of nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients.

Materials and methods:

This randomized controlled trial included 66 cancer patients who were randomly divided: the rose essential oil aromatherapy group (n=33) and the control group (n=33). The sampling period ranged from November 2022 to March 2023. The state of nausea and vomiting was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale.

Results:

The average scores of nausea and vomiting of both the second and third cycle in three time periods after chemotherapy (first, second, and third six hours) were significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (P<0.001). Also, in the second cycle of chemotherapy, unlike the third cycle of chemotherapy, there was a significant interaction between group and time (ηp2=0.100, P=0.001, F (84.70, 1.37) = 6.91). In other words, the amount of difference between the mean scores of nausea and vomiting of the two control and intervention groups depended on the variable levels of time and vice versa.

Conclusion:

The results indicate the reducing effect of aromatherapy with rose essential oil on the severity of nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy in cancer patients. Therefore, it is recommended to be used in chemotherapy to reduce the severity of nausea and vomiting according to the patient’s condition.
A nonossifying fibroma of the femoral neck treated with curettage and dynamic hip screw with free fibular bone graft: a case report
Authors: Al Masri Mohamad , Muhammed Hussain , Alrezej Ola Mahmoud , Alfrouh Ameen Esa
Published: November 2023

Introduction and importance:

Nonossifying fibroma (NOF) is a benign fibrogenic lesion that is related to dysfunctional ossification and one of the most common benign bone tumors in childhood with incidence rate of 30–40% of skeletally immature children.

Presentation of case:

A 25-year-old female with left hip pain for the past 2 months, which was treated conservatively, presented with severe pain in the hip. X-ray showed a pathologic fracture in the neck of the femur with underlying lesion. MRI showed an osteolytic lesion in neck of the femur. Curettage of the lesion was done with free fibular bone graft and stabilized by Dynamic Hip Screw and specimen sent to pathology. The pathology report consisted with NOF. No-weight bearing for 8 weeks with physical rehabilitation were ordered and six months later the patient had a full range of motion and healed fracture.

Clinical discussion\Conclusion:

This study revealed that the surgical treatment with bone graft for pathologic femoral neck fracture and underlying NOF allowed a quick return to mobility and can be fixed sufficiently to achieve excellent postoperative recovery.
Urban feng shui based on citizenship rights and its impact on the spatial structure and mental health of citizens: Review
Authors: Shokri Amirhossein , Shieh Esmaeil , Vahid Arash
Published: November 2023

This research introduces “Urban Feng Shui” based on citizenship rights and its impact on citizens’ mental health. Feng Shui is an ancient knowledge of Chinese whose goal is to create harmony between humans, the environment, and the building (the city and its body). Many advanced countries are trying to find a deep understanding of the relationship between man and his environment, and in recent years, many architects and urban planners have been trying to correct this several thousand-year-old theory that many East Asian countries have based. The working method in this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. First, the existing theories about feng shui were examined quantitatively, then the above information was analyzed with a qualitative method in the presented samples, and urban feng shui was introduced, and while recognizing the theoretical approaches of feng shui, it was concluded that according to The principles and methods of this theory complicated, the teachings of Urban Feng Shui theory based on citizenship rights can be effective on the mental health of citizens and cause the production of a new approach.
Cutaneous larva migrans in a child: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Shrestha Amrita , K.C. Kusha , Baral Abal , Shrestha Rojina , Shrestha Rabina
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a dermatitis caused by the invasion and migration of parasitic larvae of hookworms, primarily affecting tropical and subtropical regions. This report presents a case of CLM in a Nepali child and provides an overview of the literature on this condition.

Case report:

A 4-year-old boy from a rural area in Nepal presented with a pruritic skin lesion on his left foot, initially misdiagnosed as fungal infection. The lesion gradually expanded, forming a serpiginous erythema, and became intensely pruritic. The patient’s family had poor socioeconomic conditions, and the child frequently walked barefoot in an area with many domestic and stray dogs. Diagnosis was confirmed clinically, and treatment with oral albendazole and antihistamines resulted in complete resolution of symptoms.

Discussion:

CLM is a neglected zoonotic disease, with an underestimated burden in developing countries due to underreporting and misdiagnosis. The larvae of Ancylostoma spp. are common culprits, causing a localized inflammatory reaction as they migrate through the skin. Diagnosis is mainly clinical and routine investigations usually reveal no abnormality. Complications may include secondary bacterial infections, allergies, and rare migration to internal organs. Treatment options include albendazole or ivermectin, with preventive measures emphasizing hygiene, footwear use, and pet deworming.

Conclusion:

CLM is a neglected disease that primarily affects marginalized communities in tropical regions. Raising awareness among healthcare providers, conducting observational studies, and developing treatment guidelines, especially for children, are essential steps to address this public health concern. Preventive efforts, such as promoting hygiene and footwear use, should be encouraged to reduce CLM incidence.
Medium-sized buccal mucosa defect reconstruction with buccal advancement flap in mucoepidermoid carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: a case report
Authors: Srivanitchapoom Chonticha , Yata Kedsaraporn
Published: November 2023

Introduction and importance:

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) ex pleomorphic adenoma is a rare type of salivary gland cancer. Surgical resection remains the standard therapy for this malignancy. After tumor removal, larger defects may require a local, regional, or free flap, while smaller ones can be closed primarily. Managing medium-sized defects can be challenging, especially on the buccal mucosa.

Presentation of case:

A 47-year-old man had a buccal mucosa mass for 10 years, which gradually grew over a year and irritated his chewing. A 2.2×2 cm buccal mass was observed with telangiectatic and erythematous alterations in the surrounding mucosa. The preoperative tissue biopsy suggested salivary gland malignancy. The patient underwent surgical excision and a single-stage buccal advancement flap reconstruction, successfully closing the 4 cm defect. The final diagnosis was MEC ex pleomorphic adenoma. He reported mild discomfort during the first few months while opening his mouth. The patient had fully recovered after 6 months.

Clinical discussion:

This is the first case of MEC arising in a pleomorphic adenoma of the buccal mucosa. For low-grade and small-sized tumors, a single modality is appropriate for treatment. Local flaps such as buccal fat pad or musculomucosal flap can repair medium-sized defects. However, the buccal advancement flap provides effective functional and esthetic benefits, optimal healing conditions, and reduces complications risk.

Conclusion:

The buccal advancement flap is a valuable option for reconstructing medium-sized buccal defects up to 4 cm. The single-stage surgical procedure has been proven to yield minimal complications and provide a favorable outcome.
Rhupus syndrome. a case report of a rare combination
Authors: Drie Tasneem , Khalayli Naram , Haidar Ghina , Haj Ali Diaa
Published: November 2023

Introduction and importance:

Rhupus syndrome is a very rare combination of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. It is characterized by the presence of erosive arthritis with symptoms and signs of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatoid nodules and neurological and renal involvement are further complications of Rhupus syndrome, leading to a worse prognosis.

Case presentation:

The authors presented a young female patient diagnosed with lupus erythematosus, who laterally, developed clinical signs and biomarkers that led to the diagnosis of Rhupus syndrome. This is believed to be of relevance to the knowledge of the medical community.

Conclusion:

Despite being a rare entity, it is important to know its early diagnosis, and treatment to reduce the complications
Development, Feasibility, and Preliminary Effects of a Hybrid-Mode Multicomponent Music Intervention for Women Undergoing Mastectomy
Authors: Tola Yetunde Oluwafunmilayo , Lawal Moshood Akinwumi , Johnson Esther Olubusola , Phiri Patrick Gladson , Iloba Njokanma G. , Lawal Abdulrazzaq Oluwagbemiga , Liang Wei , Chow Ka Ming
Published: November 2023

Background

Music listening interventions have been used to manage preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in women undergoing breast cancer (BC) using face-to-face mode and music that was relevant to the patients’ culture; however, the interventions were not underpinned by any theories.

Objective

To assess the feasibility and preliminary effects of a theory-driven multicomponent music intervention on preoperative and postoperative patient outcomes in African women with BC undergoing mastectomy.

Methods

This study was a multicenter, single-blind randomized controlled trial with qualitative interview. A total of 36 women scheduled to undergo mastectomy were recruited from Nigeria and Malawi and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed rank tests, whereas qualitative data were analyzed using the inductive approach.

Results

The multicomponent music intervention was effective in reducing participants’ preoperative anxiety and enhancing satisfaction with care on the day of surgery, reducing postoperative pain at 24 and 48 hours after surgery, and reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 48 hours after surgery. The qualitative data corroborated these findings.

Conclusion

The study’s findings indicated that the theory-driven multicomponent music intervention was feasible, acceptable, and effective in reducing preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain, optimizing vital signs, and enhancing satisfaction with care among African women with BC undergoing mastectomy.

Implication for Practice

The study’s findings indicate that nurses in clinical settings can integrate the intervention into the plan of care of women with BC beginning with their surgery booking visit.
Comprehensive Need as a Mediator Between Psychological Stress and Quality of Life Among Caregivers of Patients With Cancer
Authors: Lin Danna , Ying Wenjuan , Zhang Hong , Xiu Yuqi , Li E , Zheng Ruihua , Wu Yanchun
Published: November 2023

Background

Caregivers of patients with cancer are susceptible to profound psychological distress and low quality of life owing to the substantial demands of caregiving. The comprehensive needs of caregivers are closely linked to their quality of life. However, little is known about the relationship between these factors.

Objective

This study aimed to determine whether comprehensive needs mediate the relationships between psychological stress and quality of life in caregivers of patients with cancer.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was used to recruit 382 participants through convenience sampling. Psychological stress, comprehensive needs, and quality of life were measured using a questionnaire.

Results

Psychological stress was associated with higher comprehensive needs (r = 0.30, P < .01) and lower quality of life (r = −0.20, P < .01). Comprehensive needs were negatively associated with quality of life (r = −0.28, P < .01). Mediation analysis findings revealed that both the indirect effect of psychological stress on quality of life via comprehensive needs (β = −0.10; P < .001) and its direct effect on quality of life (β = −0.16; P < .01) were statistically significant, suggesting a partial mediatory effect of comprehensive needs between psychological stress and quality of life.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that reducing psychological stress can improve quality of life by promoting satisfaction with comprehensive needs.

Implications for Practice

Interventions that help reduce psychological stress and meet the comprehensive needs of caregivers of patients with cancer can improve their quality of life.
Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Attitudes Toward Truth-Telling, Life-Sustaining Treatment, and Decision-Making Intention for End-of-Life Patients
Authors: Liu Mengjie , Zhang Tingting , Chen Li , Liu Yan , Yin Aini , Mei Xu , Qiu Fang
Published: November 2023

Truth-telling and life-sustaining treatment decisions are important elements of the quality of patients' care at the end of life. As the primary caregivers of patients at the end of life in intensive care units (ICUs), ICU nurses play an important role in patient decision making and hospice care. This study aimed to investigate and analyze ICU nurses' attitudes toward truth-telling, attitudes toward end-of-life life-sustaining treatment, and end-of-life decision-making behavioral intentions. One hundred twenty-two ICU nurses participated in this cross-sectional survey. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire. The results showed that ICU nurses' attitudes toward telling patients the truth and end-of-life life-sustaining treatment were both positive, but further improvement is needed. Nurses have a higher willingness to make palliative care decisions for patients at the end of life and to help patients achieve a good death. The truth-telling attitude, the life-sustaining treatment attitude, and whether they knew that cardiopulmonary resuscitation could be legally forgone at the end of life were factors influencing ICU nurses' behavioral intention toward decision making for patients at the end of life (all Ps < .05). We conclude that nurses' participation in truth-telling and end-of-life decision making should be promoted, and timely hospice care should be provided to patients to help them achieve a good death.
Social Model Hospice: Providing Hospice and Palliative Care for a Homeless Population in Salt Lake City, Utah
Authors: Jensen Francine Bench , Thorpe Deborah
Published: November 2023

Health care for the homeless population is a complex challenge and represents a significant gap in care, particularly for those at the end of life. Hospice care may be desired but is rarely an option for people without residences, social support, and payment sources. Social model hospice is a unique paradigm of care delivery that offers a viable solution to make hospice and palliative care possible for this population. In this historical report from interviews with early organizers, prior and current leadership (n = 6), the evolution of The INN Between in Salt Lake City, Utah, is described. In 2010, The INN Between was conceptualized as a nonprofit community effort addressing this need to provide an alternative to people dying unsheltered. After 5 years of planning, it opened in 2015 and has grown to become a comprehensive community resource for homeless medically frail and terminally ill individuals. Recommendations for establishing social model hospices are made: key strategies include identifying stakeholders dedicated to alleviating end-of-life homelessness needs, doing a formal needs assessment to identify community resource deficits, and forming mentoring relationships with established programs. Social model hospice is a viable way of meeting the end-of-life needs of many communities' most vulnerable residents.