bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Free Defluoroborylation of 3,3‐Difluoropropenes
Authors: Ferlet Rémy , Pucheault Mathieu , Chabaud Laurent , Paquin Jean‐François
Published: September 2023

The defluorinative functionalization of allylic fluorides represents an attractive approach for the preparation of molecules containing a monofluoroalkene core. In that sense, introducing a “boryl nucleophile” is a powerful strategy to obtain polyvalent borylated intermediates as versatile synthetic precursors. To perform this reaction without the use of transition metals, the nucleophilic character of a diborane/fluoride system was exploited in a SN2′ type‐substitution reaction of gem‐difluoropropenes to install a pinacolborane group. The use of HMDS as a silylated additive is necessary to improve the reactivity. A direct oxidation of the intermediate boronates allowed the isolation of the corresponding β‐fluoroallyl alcohols in low to good yields (9–81 %). Other synthetic transformations of a (2‐fluoroallyl)boronate are also illustrated.
Sustainable device based on reduced graphene oxide and carbon black 3D printed for sensitive monitoring of paracetamol
Authors: Santos Oliveira Raylla , Pedrosa Lisboa Thalles , Burger Veríssimo de Oliveira Wallace , Cunha de Souza Cassiano , Auxiliadora Costa Matos Maria , Camargo Matos Renato
Published: September 2023

The additive manufacturing technique through fused deposition modeling (FDM), popularly known as 3D printing, has become a powerful tool for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors, as it allows the development of different device models at a low cost. Thus, this work describes the use of a commercial conductive filament composed of carbon black (CB) dispersed on a polylactic acid (PLA) polymer matrix to construct a disposable electrode for monitoring paracetamol (PAR) in pharmaceutical formulations by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Additionally, the sensor was modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), evidencing the synergistic effect of carbon nanomaterials with anticipation of the oxidation peak, increase of the analytical response, and favoring of the oxidation‐reduction process on the electrochemical surface. The sensor was further characterized by microscopic and electrochemical techniques. The optimized method by DPV promoted a wide linear working range (10 to 300 μmol L−1), excellent detectability (72.5 nmol L−1), and adequate precision (RSD <3.6 %) and accuracy with recovery percentages of 96 and 102 % for doped samples. Furthermore, the sensor is free from interference with other substances in the pharmaceutical formulation matrices. Finally, the reliability of the results was statistically attested by comparison with those obtained by liquid chromatography. So, the proposed method is accurate for the monitoring of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations, highlighting the lower reagent consumption and interferences in the analytical process.
Comparison of green and synthetic silver nanoparticles in zein‐based edible films: Shelf‐life study of cold‐stored turkey breasts
Authors: Mohammed Ali Eesa Ammar , Bazargani‐Gilani Behnaz , Obaid Hasson Shaimaa
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to compare the effect of zein edible film containing silver nanoparticles produced by green tea leaf extract (Z‐gAgNPs) with zein film containing synthetic silver nanoparticles (Z‐AgNPs) on the shelf life of turkey breast during refrigerated storage. The produced silver nanoparticles were analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV–Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). According to the obtained results, the green fabricated silver nanoparticles (gAgNPs) showed higher polydispersity index (PDI), stability, homogeneity, spherical shape without cavity, and lower size compared to the synthetic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The studied treatments were divided into four groups, including 1‐ control (C) (turkey breast meat without packaging), 2‐ Z (turkey breast meat packaged with zein film), 3‐ Z‐AgNPs (turkey breast meat packaged with zein film containing 0.5% (w/w) of AgNPs), and 4‐Z‐gAgNPs (turkey breast meat packaged with zein film containing 0.5% (w/w) of gAgNPs). The treatments were analyzed for 12 days with 3‐day intervals in refrigerator conditions. In general, the measurement of total viable count, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), and pH values showed that Z‐gAgNPs film significantly (p ≤ .05) delayed the spoilage of the studied samples until the end of the 12th day of storage and Z‐AgNPs, Z, and C treatments were in the next ranks, respectively. It is concluded that the biofabricated silver nanoparticles using green tea leaf extract have more appropriate physicochemical features and higher efficiency compared to the synthesized silver nanoparticles using chemical methods in zein edible films in improving the shelf life of the cold‐stored turkey breast meat and can be introduced as a promising alternative to the plastic packaging.
A global study on the abortion views and knowledge of trainee obstetrician‐gynecologists
Authors: Topcu Elif G. , Ramirez Atziri , Ubom Akaninyene E.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To assess the knowledge and views of trainee obstetrician‐gynecologists (ObGyn) on abortion.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of trainee ObGyn was conducted by the World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology. A study‐specific questionnaire designed using Google Forms® was utilized for the study. The questionnaire was distributed electronically to study participants, to gather information on their sociodemographic characteristics, opinions, knowledge, and training on abortion. Collected data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS, version 25.

Results

Most (140, 74.8%) trainee ObGyn reported that abortion was legal in their countries and most (171, 91.4%) supported the legalization of abortion. Eleven (5.9%) trainees who did not support the legalization of abortion cited religious concerns as their most common reason (5/11, 45.5%). Nearly three‐quarters (133, 71.1%) of the trainees would perform an abortion on request. Most of the trainees reported that abortion education was included in the medical school curricula (131, 70.1%) and the ObGyn residency training programs (155, 82.9%) in their countries. Notwithstanding, 36.4% (68) either did not know or did not correctly know the legal status of abortion in their countries.

Conclusion

There is some disparity between ObGyn trainees' knowledge of safe abortion and their awareness of the legality of the same in their countries. There is a need for all countries to include abortion education in the curricula of medical schools and all ObGyn residency programs should offer abortion training to all residents. There is a need for increased advocacy for the legalization of abortion in countries where abortion remains criminalized.
On Stahl's conjectures about the region distributions of bouquets
Authors: Chen Yichao , Gao Zhicheng
Published: September 2023

Let denote the graph with one vertex and loops, and be the number of embeddings of with regions in an orientable surface. Stahl conjectured that both the mode and the median of the sequence are within one unit of the harmonic number . In this paper we will confirm the conjecture about the median and disprove the conjecture about the mode. We will show that the mode of the sequence belongs to the set , and each of these three values can be attained by infinitely many .
On the number of edges of separated multigraphs
Authors: Fox Jacob , Pach János , Suk Andrew
Published: September 2023

We prove that the number of edges of a multigraph with vertices is at most , provided that any two edges cross at most once, parallel edges are noncrossing, and the lens enclosed by every pair of parallel edges in contains at least one vertex. As a consequence, we prove the following extension of the Crossing Lemma of Ajtai, Chvátal, Newborn, Szemerédi, and Leighton, if has edges, in any drawing of with the above property, the number of crossings is . This answers a question of Kaufmann et al. and is tight up to the logarithmic factor.
Long‐and short‐term vegetation change and inferred climate dynamics and anthropogenic activity in the central Cerrado during the Holocene
Authors: Escobar‐Torrez Katerine , Ledru Marie‐Pierre , Cassino Raquel Franco , Bianchini Paula Ribeiro , Yokoyama Elder
Published: September 2023

A paleoecologic analysis of pollen, macrocharcoal and trace elements from a lacustrine sediment core located at Lake Feia, central Cerrado (Goiás State, Brazil), was used to evaluate the relationship between vegetation, fire and climate during the Holocene. The development of cerrado vegetation appears to have begun 6000 years ago, initially with the establishment of an open cerrado, followed from 4800 cal a bp by a change to a woody cerrado driven by an increase in summer insolation. The increases in precipitation levels in the central Cerrado during the last 5000 years are related to the increased influence of the Amazon in central Brazil, which has facilitated biomass burning and anthropogenic activities in the region of Lake Feia. Multi‐centennial‐scale changes in water level‐related and gallery forest pollen assemblages indicate three main dry episodes, at 3440–2760, 2700–1690 and 1330–1150 cal a bp, linked to regional shifts between northern and southern South American summer monsoon boundaries. The presence of low continuous fire activity does not appear to have affected vegetation recovery, whereas two intervals with increased fire activity, at ~3300 and ~1300 cal a bp, indicated a slower recovery.
Disentanglement and multi‐year survival of a free‐ranging California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) with an upper airway stoma secondary to fishing net entanglement
Authors: Whitmer Emily R. , Harris Jeffrey D. , Orr Anthony J. , Saunders Shelby B. , Johnson Shawn P.
Published: September 2023

California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are susceptible to entanglement in fishing gear and marine debris. Over time, entanglement material can become deeply embedded and disrupt underlying tissue layers, including skin, blubber, muscle, and regional structures. In the neck, chronic circumferential entanglement can result in airway laceration. We present a case study of an adult female California sea lion with an upper airway stoma secondary to chronic monofilament fishing net entanglement. The animal was disentangled in a remote field setting without access to surgical and rehabilitation facilities, and was released without additional treatment. Satellite telemetry data from the 5 months following disentanglement revealed movements comparable to those of other adult female California sea lions. Subsequent visual sightings ('resights') documented a minimum 2‐year survival following disentanglement.
Fe3Mo3N: Crystal Structure, High‐Temperature Behavior, and Catalytic Activity for Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Hund Sophie , Gómez‐Cápiro Oscar , Dembélé Kassiogé , Berendts Stefan , Lunkenbein Thomas , Ruland Holger , Heppke Eva M. , Lerch Martin
Published: September 2023

Fe3Mo3N was synthesized successfully via ammonolysis out of an oxidic precursor prepared by a modified Pechini route. Rietveld refinement using X‐ray powder data confirmed that the compound crystallizes in space group
with a lattice parameter of a=11.0777 Å. Group theoretical methods were applied to elucidate the relation between the crystal structure of Fe3Mo3N and that of the copper type. The high temperature behavior of Fe3Mo3N in ammonia gas was investigated by in situ powder X‐ray diffraction. In addition, the catalytic activity of our iron molybdenum nitride for ammonia decomposition was measured and compared to the activity of an industrial iron‐based catalyst. Both catalysts show similar performances.
Introduction: Indology and Aryanism: Knowledge of India in Nazi Germany—An Invitation for New Research
Authors: Epple Moritz , Framke Maria , Franco Eli , Junginger Horst , Roy Baijayanti
Published: September 2023

The introduction to our special issue offers a brief survey of the historical literature on knowledge about India in Nazi Germany and distinguishes three different, but interrelated layers of such knowledge: disciplinary knowledge of Indology as an academic field, knowledge fulfilling the needs of state agencies, and popular knowledge (and beliefs) about India.
Exoscopic microneurosurgery in pediatric brain tumors: an ideal tool for complex and peculiar anatomo-topographic scenarios?
Authors: Trezza Andrea , de Laurentis Camilla , Carrabba Giorgio Giovanni , Massimino Maura , Biassoni Veronica , Doro Arianna , Vimercati Chiara , Giussani Carlo Giorgio
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Since its introduction in the 1950s, the microsurgical paradigm has revolutionized neurosurgery. New technologies have been introduced over the years trying to overcome limits of the classical operating microscope. The recently developed 3D exoscopes represent a potential new paradigm for micro-neurosurgery. We analyzed our own experience with a 4 K-3D exoscope in a series of pediatric brain tumors to verify its advantages and limitations in comparison to the operating microscope and in light of the literature.

Methods

Twenty-five pediatric patients with brain tumors underwent surgery at our Institute; the population has been analyzed and described. A score to evaluate the exoscopes and compare it to the operating microscope was considered and postoperatively applied to each single case.

Results

The exoscope appears to be at least comparable to the operating microscope (OM) in all analyzed aspects. In the case of deep-seated or fourth ventricle tumors, the exoscope seems to be superior to the microscope. A surgeon-dependent learning curve is necessary for neurosurgeons to be confident with the exoscope.

Conclusion

Exoscopes appear to be as safe and effective as operating microscopes in pediatric neuro-oncological surgery. They have some advantages that make them superior to microscopes, particularly regarding surgeon ergonomics and fatigue, visual field qualities, and higher choice of intraoperative viewing angles.
The relationship between disease-specific psychosocial stressors and depressive symptoms in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Bilal Hiba , Harding Ian H. , Stout Julie C.
Published: September 2023

Background

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease involving motor abnormalities, cognitive decline, and psychological difficulties. Depression is among the most common psychological difficulties in HD. People with HD encounter numerous stressors related to their diagnosis and the impact of HD on their daily lives. Understanding the relationship between HD-specific psychosocial stressors and depression symptoms is critical for optimising treatment and developing a holistic, disease-specific model of depression in HD.

Methods

Fifty-seven adults with the HD gene expansion (33 pre-symptomatic, 24 symptomatic) completed a self-report depression questionnaire and rated how much stress they experienced in relation to 20 psychosocial challenges commonly associated with HD. We examined associations between depression symptoms and each stressor individually, and after clustering using principal components analysis.

Results

Depression symptoms were significantly associated with most of the psychosocial stressors assessed. Clustering with principal components analysis revealed that higher depression scores had significant independent associations with greater stress related to the future implications of HD (β = .44, p = .001) and sleep and psychological difficulties (β = .28, p = .005), but not with stress related to functional limitations (β = .11, p = .33) or interpersonal issues caused by HD (β = .15, p = .21).

Conclusions

Stressful experiences associated with HD constitute an important risk factor for depression in HD. Our findings support the use of more psychologically informed models of depression in HD and necessitate further research on tailored psychosocial interventions for HD patients with depression.
On the continuum mechanics of growing plant-like structures
Authors: Platen Jakob , Fleischhauer Robert , Kaliske Michael
Published: September 2023

The contribution at hand focuses on the introduction of a novel approach to model biological growth. The proposed formulations are chosen to represent plant like structures. Therefore, thermomechanically open systems are considered. The balance laws are presented for such systems. Furthermore, the proposed formulations are coupled with an adaptive meshing framework. Therefore, a so-called structural generator is presented and utilized in this work. Since no growth formulations within the framework of continuum mechanics exist so far for plant like systems, a novel set of constitutive equations is shown. The newly described principles are the phototropism and graviotropism. In the numerical examples, it is shown that the proposed formulation yields physically meaningful results. The combination of different growth principles results in plausible interactions of the aforementioned principles. Furthermore, results of numerical simulations are shown, which represent the growth process of plant like biological structures.
Mallestigite, Pb3Sb(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6·3H2O, from the type locality – new data, crystal structure, and structural relationships
Authors: Mereiter Kurt , Walter Franz , Bojar Hans-Peter
Published: September 2023

A report of the supergene mineral mallestigite, Pb3Sb5+(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6·3H2O, from the type locality Neufinkenstein-Grabanz district, Mallestiger Mittagskogel, Carinthia, Austria, is given in order to close gaps that have been left open since its first description. At the type locality, the dump of an abandoned small copper-lead-zinc mine, the mineral occurs frequently in up to ⁓2 mm long clear colourless idiomorphic hexagonal prisms {100} terminated by the bipyramid {101}. Details of the occurrence, paragenesis, physical properties, a FTIR spectrum and X-ray powder diffraction data are reported. Chemical analysis in a scanning electron microscope in conjunction with a crystal structure analysis gave the empirical formula Pb3.02Sb1.06(SO4)0.96(AsO4)0.97(OH)6·3H2O. An ab-initio crystal structure determination with CCD diffractometer data, MoKα radiation, and a nearly untwinned crystal proved that mallestigite is hexagonal, space group P63, a = 8.9326(4), c = 11.1044(5) Å, V = 767.33(8) Å3, Z = 2, and gave a final R1 = 0.0184 for 1632 independent reflections with I > 2σ(I). Mallestigite belongs to the fleischerite group. The structure is built up from [Sb5+(OH)6]1– octahedra which are linked by triplets of edge-sharing Pb2+ into chains [Pb3Sb(OH)6]5+ extending along a 63 axis. Each three of such chains are bridged by triplets of H2O and by rows of SO42– and AsO43– tetrahedra alternating along a 3-fold axis and showing very different links to the Pb atom. Pb2+ is in a strongly distorted one-sided [9]-coordination by O atoms that makes the structure clearly hemimorphic. Structural relationships to the fleischerite group minerals schaurteite, genplesite, despujolsite and fleischerite as well as to synthetic Ba3Sn4+(SeO4)2(OH)6·3H2O are outlined and changes in the space group symmetry of despujolsite (P$$\overline6$$

6
¯

2c → P63/mmc) and fleischerite (P$$\overline6$$

6
¯

2c → P63) are proposed.
Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz – Karrierewege für die gefäßchirurgische Weiterbildung im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Stoklasa K. , Menges A.-L. , Leinweber M.-E. , Krabbe H.
Published: September 2023

Die Aus- und Weiterbildung in der Gefäßchirurgie ist in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz ähnlich, weshalb ein Wechsel auch während der Ausbildungszeit möglich ist.

In allen 3 Ländern ist eine 2‑jährige Basisausbildung mit individuellen Unterschieden notwendig. In der Schweiz ist zusätzlich eine Zwischenprüfung (Basisexamen) zu absolvieren. Die Zeit bis zum Facharzt dauert in allen 3 Ländern mindestens 6 Jahre. Die Wochenarbeitszeit ist vergleichbar. Ein Unterschied zeigt sich im Bruttolohn, dieser liegt in der Schweiz über dem der Nachbarländer bei allerdings etwas höheren Lebenshaltungskosten. In Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz gibt es eine gefäßchirurgische Fachgesellschaft, in der die Interessen der Assistenzärzt*innen vertreten werden.

Zusammenfassend ist eine gute Aus- und Weiterbildung in allen 3 Ländern möglich. Die Qualität der Ausbildung hängt allerdings länderunabhängig auch von der Weiterbildungsstätte ab.
Bioflocculation harvesting of oleaginous microalga Chlorella sp. using novel lipid-rich cellulolytic fungus Aspergillus terreus (MD1) for biodiesel production
Authors: Ayad Hala I. , Matter Ibrahim A. , Gharieb Mohamed M. , Darwesh Osama M.
Published: September 2023

The isolation of lipid-rich cellulolytic fungi was targeted to be investigated as bioflocculant agents for microalgae harvesting. The fungal isolate coded MD1 was selected based on its lipid content, cellulolytic activity, and its harvesting efficiency for the freshwater oleaginous microalga Chlorella sp. The selected fungus which was molecularly identified as Aspergillus terreus has been applied as bioflocculant after solid state cultivation on pre-treated rice straw (as abundant agro-cellulosic waste). Optimization of harvesting efficiency of Chlorella microalga using A. terreus/rice straw biomass as the “bioflocculant” was investigated. The optimization conditions included microalga/bioflocculant ratio, microalgal age, contact time between the bioflocculant and the microalga, pH of microalgal culture at harvesting time, and cell density of microalgal culture. The obtained results revealed that the harvesting efficiency could reach 97.6% due to 24 h as contact time at 30% flocculant/microalga ratio and pH 7. While after 2 h contact time, 93.3% harvesting efficiency could be obtained using the same bioflocculant:microalga ratio at pH 6. The lipid extracted from harvested Chlorella/A. terreus mixture was applied to produce biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) after methylation. The resulted biodiesel contains high percentage (67.2%) of C18:1,2 unsaturated fatty acids which is considered a suitable fraction for biodiesel production. Obtained results revealed the suitability of the novel A. terreus strain as sustainable bioflocculation agent to harvest microalga(e) for biofuel production.
Motion Primitive Approach to Spacecraft Trajectory Design in a Multi-body System
Authors: Smith Thomas R. , Bosanac Natasha
Published: September 2023

The increasing number and variety of spacecraft that are expected to operate within cislunar space and other multi-body gravitational environments throughout the solar system necessitates the continued development of strategies for rapid trajectory design and design space exploration. In the field of robotics, similar needs have been addressed using motion primitives that capture the fundamental building blocks of motion and are used to rapidly construct complex paths. Inspired by this concept, this paper leverages motion primitives to construct a framework for rapid and informed spacecraft trajectory design in a multi-body gravitational system. First, motion primitives of fundamental solutions, e.g., selected periodic orbits and their stable and unstable manifolds, are generated via clustering to form a discrete summary of segments of the phase space. Graphs of motion primitives are then constructed and searched to produce primitive sequences that form candidate initial guesses for transfers of distinct geometries. Continuous transfers are computed from each initial guess using multi-objective constrained optimization and collocation. This approach is demonstrated by constructing an array of geometrically distinct transfers between libration point orbits in the Earth-Moon circular restricted three-body problem with impulsive maneuvers.
Role of Mediterranean diet in endocrine diseases: a joint overview by the endocrinologist and the nutritionist
Authors: Barrea L. , Verde L. , Annunziata G. , Camajani E. , Caprio M. , Sojat A. S. , Marina L. V. , Guarnotta V. , Colao A. , Muscogiuri G.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this review is to examine the current evidence on the potential role of Mediterranean diet (MD) in the prevention and management of endocrine disorders and to highlight the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between endocrinologists and nutritionists.

Methods

A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies published in English. Studies were selected based on their relevance to the role of MD in the prevention and management of endocrine disorders. The search terms included "Mediterranean diet," "endocrine disorders," "thyroid disorders," "gonadal disorders," and "neuroendocrine tumors".

Results

The studies reviewed suggest that MD may have a beneficial effect in the prevention and management of various endocrine disorders, including thyroid disorders, gonadal disorders, and neuroendocrine tumors. MD has been associated with decreased risk of nodular thyroid disease and thyroid cancer, improved male and female reproductive health, and a potential role in the management of neuroendocrine tumors. MD's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as its high levels of phytochemicals, may play a role in its beneficial effects.

Conclusion

Interdisciplinary collaboration between endocrinologists and nutritionists is essential for the optimal management of endocrine disorders, including the potential role of MD in their prevention and management. While further research is needed, the current evidence suggests that MD may have a protective effect against endocrine disorders, and its incorporation into dietary recommendations may be beneficial.
Compact eight-element MIMO antenna array for sub 6 GHz Mobile applications
Authors: Morsy Mohamed M.
Published: September 2023

A compact eight-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array operating at the sub-6-GHz (LTE band 52) for the 5G handheld applications is proposed. The antenna array is realized by employing eight couple-fed slots etched on the ground plane of the MIMO antenna system. The size of the slot radiators excites the required operating bandwidth. A parametric analysis study of the effect of varying the size of the slot radiators on the ground plane is provided to give some insight into the operation of the proposed antenna system. The radiators are excited by 50-Ω strip lines. Rectangular-shaped slits are used as isolation structures to mitigate the mutual coupling effect between elements, resulting in a low Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) of less than 0.1 at the operating bandwidth. The proposed MIMO antenna was fabricated and experimentally validated. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. Other MIMO performance indicators, such as radiation patterns, Mean Effective Gain (MEG), and the proposed MIMO antenna system’s total efficiencies, are being analyzed. Measurements and simulation results are consistent, which shows that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for 5G applications in the LTE band 52.
The International Law Commission, the Institut, and States
Authors: Tladi Dire
Published: September 2023

Unlike the International Law Association (ILA) and the Institut de Droit International (the Institut), the International Law Commission (the Commission, or ILC) is not 150 years old. Established in 1948, the Commission is exactly half the age of the two codification bodies to which this Symposium is dedicated and is celebrating its seventy-fifth anniversary in 2023.1 Like its older cousins, the Commission is charged with the codification and progressive development of international law. Among the many differences between the Commission and its older cousins, one that stands out and that provides the lens for this essay, is its close relationship to states. Although a comparison of both the ILA and the Institut with the younger, but apparently more “authoritative” body, the Commission, is worthwhile,2 due to space limitations, I focus my comments on the Institut and the Commission. This essay will home in on the impact of the relationship of these two bodies with states and argues that this relationship affects, to some extent, the work of the relevant bodies, both in terms of what topics they may address and how they address them. This broad conclusion, which is necessarily limited by space considerations, is substantiated on the basis of the membership and outputs of the two bodies.
Creating and Contesting Kyniska: The Reception of the First Female Olympic Victor
Authors: Carrara Eva
Published: September 2023

This article examines the historical creation of the legacy of Kyniska, the Spartan royal who was the first woman to win at the ancient Olympics in the early fourth century BCE, from her own lifetime to the modern era. By investigating the reception of her victory rather than her agency as historical actor, I demonstrate that the continuing relevance of her victory has depended on others’ literary, historical, or political goals. I examine the creation and contestation of Kyniska's victory at five key moments of reception: 1) in the narratives of Xenophon, Plutarch, and Pausanias; 2) in her own victory monument; 3) in poetry commemorating Hellenistic rulers; 4) in feminist didactic biography of the nineteenth century; and 5) in the debates surrounding the modern Olympics. These moments reveal how her victory's reception has contributed to ancient and modern discourses on womanhood and gender. By contextualising Kyniska in each of these distinct eras and environments, I suggest that the perception of her victory has never been monolithic, not even in the ancient world.
Predicting dairy herd resilience on farms with conventional milking systems
Authors: Rikkers Roxann S. C. , Ducro Bart J. , van Binsbergen Rianne , Kamphuis Claudia
Published: September 2023

This research paper addresses the problem that, thus far, there is no method available to predict herd resilience for farms that do not use automated milking systems (AMS). Recently, a methodology was developed to estimate both individual cow as well as herd resilience using daily milk yield observations at individual cow level from farms with AMS. This AMS-based method, however, is not suitable on farms that use conventional milking systems (CMS) where such individual cow milk yield observations are lacking. Therefore, this research aimed at predicting herd resilience using herd performance data that is commonly available on CMS farms. To do so, data consisting of 585 Dutch AMS farms where herd resilience estimates using the AMS-based method were available was examined. To predict herd resilience with herd performance data, only those data that are also commonly available on CMS farms were used in a 5-fold cross validation Random Forest model. These herd resilience estimates were subsequently compared with the AMS-based herd resilience estimates. Results showed that it is possible to predict with a 69.9% probability whether a herd performs with above or below average herd resilience using only variables available on CMS farms. Especially, the proportion of cows with an indication of rumen acidosis, proportion of cows with an elevated somatic cell count and the fluctuation in herd size over the years are good predictors of herd resilience. Since herd management decisions appear to affect herd resilience, a lower predicted herd resilience could be taken as a general indication that tactical or strategic management changes could be taken to improve the herd resilience.
Causal dispositionalism in behaviour genetics
Authors: Cerezo María
Published: September 2023

Causal dispositionalism developed in metaphysics of science offers a useful tool to conceptualize shallow causes in behaviour genetics, in a way such that (a) it accounts for complex aetiology and heterogeneity of effects, and (b) genetic causal contribution can be considered to be explanatory. Genes are thus causal powers that make a difference.
Behavior genetics: Causality as a dialectical pursuit
Authors: Tarchi Livio , Merola Giuseppe Pierpaolo , Castellini Giovanni , Ricca Valdo
Published: September 2023

The overarching theme of causality in behavioral genetics is discussed on epistemological grounds. Evidence is offered in favor of a continuum spectrum in causality, in contrast to discrimination between causal factors and associations. The risk of invalidating exploratory studies in behavior genetics is discussed, especially for the potential impact on those fields of medicine interested in complex behaviors.
Downward causation and vertical pleiotropy
Authors: Charney Evan
Published: September 2023

In discussing the relationship between genetically influenced differences and educational attainment (EA), Burt employs the concept of downward causation. I note the similarities between Burt's concept of downward causation and the sociogenomics concept of vertical pleiotropy and argue that her discussion of downward causation introduces an unnecessary normative component. The core problem concerns not the appropriateness of phenotypes that influence EA but mistaken assumptions about which phenotypes are being predicted.
Methodological question-begging about the causes of complex social traits
Authors: Richters John E.
Published: September 2023

Burt formulates her critique at a general level of abstraction that highlights the methodological deficiencies of sociogenomics without also calling attention to precisely the same deficiencies in the social science model she seeks to defend against its encroachments. What might have been a methodological bulwark against the excesses of sociogenomics is instead a one-sided critique that merely renews its charter.
The value of sociogenomics in understanding genetic evolution in contemporary human populations
Authors: Hong Ze
Published: September 2023

Burt's target article oddly misses the important intellectual contribution of sociogenomics to our understanding of genetic evolution in contemporary human populations. Although social scientists' immediate research agendas are often not evolutionary in nature, I call for a better appreciation of the role of sociogenomics in answering important evolutionary questions.
Auditing causality of the multiple-burden of malnutrition in India and South Africa: a critical need for directions
Authors: Jeyakumar Angeline , Kesa Hema , Godbharle Swapnil
Published: September 2023

Developing economies are shaped by the current predicament of urbanisation and its impact on health is inevitable. In the post-pandemic times, India and South Africa witnessed a GDP growth rate of about 1·7 % and 1·9 %, respectively, while the developed economies like Europe and the USA have bounced back with more than 2 % GDP. The similarities and differences between India and South Africa provide potential candidates to study nutrition transition with the elements of urbanisation. In both countries, increased access to convenience foods is a consequence of the rapid expansion of small and medium enterprises, open international markets and expanding food supply chains. Also, there has been significant acculturation and people have moved away from traditional diets in these two countries. A spate of similar changes in the food environment is a telling sign of serious ill-health consequences in both countries. Generating evidence on causality is fundamental to informing policy. India and South Africa qualify as potential candidates to study the multiple burdens of malnutrition. Collaborating with different disciplines such as data sciences and capacitating analytic skills are key to progress in this direction.
RAD@home RGB-maker web-tool for citizen science research in multi-wavelength study of AGNs with radio jets
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Avinash Ck. , Purohit Arundhati , Hota Ananda
Published: September 2023

The RAD@home RGB-maker Tool is a python-based web application that enables citizen science research through collaboration using open-source technology. The tool fetches FITS image data from NASA SkyView and generates false colour images in Red-Green-Blue channels with contour. This helps in the basic multi-wavelength understanding and characterization of extragalactic objects, and further analysis along with reporting of potential new discoveries in a uniform format. Students from Universities or science-graduate citizens gain skills in RGB-C image analysis and identify unique features in objects via either one-day online-weekend events or week-long in-person training. Trained citizen scientists in turn are part of rare discoveries such as the jet-galaxy interaction system RAD12. The tool has been successfully used by thousands of citizen scientists in India since its launch on 26th January 2021 and has demonstrated the potential during IAU symposium 375 to be part of citizen science efforts with international participants.
RAD@home Inter-University Collaboratory for citizen science in galaxy evolution with multi wavelength RGB images
Authors: Rajoria Megha , Purohit Arundhati , Hota Ananda
Published: September 2023

Unlike most web-based citizen science programmes, RAD@home citizen scientists are trained in an interactive manner, both online and in person. This Collaboratory model can alleviate various geo-political and socio-economic constraints on the growth of people in underdeveloped regions which is in synergy with mandates of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Development. Owing to its Inter-University collaboratory design, supported by over 30 research institutions, it can attempt to convert the ‘Big Data Problem’ into a ‘Big Data Prospect’ by direct training and involving citizens in discoveries from multi-telescope data. Using the RAD-RGB-maker web-tool, e-astronomers learn the basics of multi-wavelength (UV-optical-IR-radio) extragalactic astronomy and create preliminary discovery reports of unusual radio sources thus becoming Co-Investigator in follow-up observations and publications (e.g. Discovery of RAD12). International expansion of RAD@home has been initiated during the recent IAU symposium 375 through its Educational and Outreach programme.
Redshift determination of blazars for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Authors: Kasai E. , Goldoni P. , Pita S. , Boisson C. , Backes M. , Cotter G. , D’Ammando F. , van Soelen B.
Published: September 2023

Blazars are the most numerous type of observed high-energy gamma-ray emitters. However, their emission mechanisms and population properties are still not well-understood. Crucial to this understanding are their cosmological redshifts, which are often not easy to obtain. This presents a great challenge to the next-generation ground-based observatory for very-high-energy gamma rays, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), which aims to detect a large number of distant blazars to study their intrinsic emission properties and to place tight constraints on the extragalactic background light density, amongst others. The successful investigation of these subjects needs a precise redshift determination. Motivated by these challenges, the CTA redshift task force initiated more than 3 years ago a spectroscopic observing program using some of the largest optical and infrared telescopes to measure the redshifts of a large fraction of blazars that are likely to be detected with CTA. In this proceedings, we give an overview of the CTA redshift task force, discuss some of the difficulties associated with measuring the redshifts of blazars and present our sample selection and observing strategies. We end the proceedings with reporting selected results from the program, the on-going collaborative efforts and our plans for the future.
Extragalactic Jets from Radio to Gamma-rays
Authors: Meyer E. , Shaik A. , Reddy K. , Georganopoulos M.
Published: September 2023

Despite the fact that jets from black holes were first understood to exist over 40 years ago, we are still in ignorance about many primary aspects of these systems – including the radiation mechanism at high energies, the particle makeup of the jets, and how particles are accelerated, possibly to energies as high as 100 TeV and hundreds of kpc from the central engine. We focus in particular on the discovery (and mystery) of strong X-ray emission from radio jets on kpc-scales, enabled by the unequaled high resolution of the Chandra X-ray observatory. We review the main evidence for and against the viable models to explain this X-ray emission over the last 20 years. Finally, we present results of a recent study on the X-ray variability of kpc-scale jets, where we find evidence that between 30-100% of the X-ray jet population is variable at the tens-of-percent level. The short (∼years) variability timescale is incompatible with the IC/CMB model for the X-rays and implies extremely small structures embedded within the kpc-scale jet, and thus requires a reconsideration of many assumptions about jet structure and dynamics.
Feuerfelsen und Spiegelsee
Authors: Tavangar Sara , Niebeling Franka , Rauschkolb Mona , Schweizer Paul
Published: September 2023

Die Erkrankung Adipositas, starkes Übergewicht, betrifft viele Kinder. Sie leiden oft unter Hänseleien und sehen häufig nur negative Seiten an sich. So ist das zunächst auch bei Nami, der Heldin dieses Buches.

„Ich wünschte, ich wäre anders“, denkt Nami. Traurig beobachtet sie, wie es Nacht wird auf dem feurig-felsigen Planeten Sayaris. Denn heute war ein blöder Tag – schon wieder hat sie wegen ihres Gewichts einen gemeinen Spruch und Gelächter kassiert.
Plötzlich taucht ein fremdes, klitschnasses Wesen auf und nimmt sie mit auf ein gemeinsames Abenteuer. In geheimnisvollen Gewässern stellt Nami sich ihren Problemen und ihrer Traurigkeit und findet schließlich einen Weg zu ihren Stärken.
„Feuerfelsen und Spiegelsee“ ist ein Band der Reihe „Psychologische Kinderbücher“. Das Buch hilft, Adipositas besser zu verstehen, und ermutigt Betroffene, etwas zu verändern. Es liefert Kindern, Eltern, Angehörigen und Therapeut*innen wichtige Informationen zum Thema sowie praktische Aufgaben und Übungen.
Die Arbeitsmaterialien zu diesem Buch können nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden.
Wo ist denn dein Leuchten hin?
Authors: Guo Ge , Oppermann Gloria , Scheunemann Madita , Simon Verena
Published: September 2023

Von emotionaler Gewalt bekommt man zwar keine blauen Flecken – aber sie tut trotzdem sehr weh! Lerne zusammen mit Tiaki, wie man sich dagegen wehren kann.

Tiaki ist wütend, ängstlich und verwirrt, aber vor allem traurig. Immer wieder schreit seine Mutter ihn an, sagt gemeine Sachen und verbietet ihm dann sogar, seine beste Freundin zu treffen. Er hat das Gefühl, dass sie ihn gar nicht richtig lieb hat. Und damit geht es ihm natürlich überhaupt nicht gut. Auch sein Seelenwesen Ti leuchtet kaum noch. Darum macht es Tiaki auf sich aufmerksam. Und mithilfe von Ti erkennt Tiaki, dass er emotionaler Gewalt nicht wehrlos ausgeliefert ist und etwas unternehmen muss, damit es auch ihm bald wieder besser geht. 
„Wo ist denn dein Leuchten hin?“ ist ein Band der Reihe „Psychologische Kinderbücher“. Das Buch handelt von den Folgen emotionaler Gewalt bei Kindern und stellt Kindern, Eltern, Angehörigen, Lehrkräften oder Therapeut*innen Informationen zum Thema sowie praktische Übungen und Kontakte für Anlaufstellen zur Verfügung. 
Die Arbeitsmaterialien zu diesem Buch können nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden.
Schwierigkeiten beim Schriftspracherwerb
Authors: Büttner Gerhard , Brandenburg Janin , Fischbach Anne , Hasselhorn Marcus
Published: September 2023

Lese-Rechtschreibschwierigkeiten zählen zu den permanenten Herausforderungen für Lehrkräfte und für die schulpsychologische Beratung. Ein grundlegendes Verständnis von Ursachen und Begleiterscheinungen dieser Schwierigkeiten sowie eine fundierte Kenntnis diagnostischer Vorgehensweisen und Fördermöglichkeiten sind Voraussetzungen für wirksame Beratungsangebote und Hilfestellungen.
In diesem Band wird der aktuelle internationale Stand der Forschung zu Lese-Rechtschreibschwierigkeiten dargestellt. Das Erscheinungsbild von Lese-Rechtschreibschwierigkeiten wird im Kontext der internationalen Störungsklassifikationssysteme und deren Umsetzung im deutschsprachigen Raum beschrieben. Konkurrierende Auffassungen zu verschiedenen Ausprägungen und Formen der Schwierigkeiten (Lese-Rechtschreibstörung vs. Lese-Rechtschreibschwäche, kombinierte Lese-Rechtschreibstörung vs. isolierte Lesestörung) werden diskutiert. Ursachen und Vorläuferbedingungen sowie sozial-emotionale Begleiterscheinungen von Lese-Rechtschreibschwierigkeiten werden skizziert. Das diagnostische Vorgehen wird praxisnah erläutert und Interventionsmöglichkeiten werden beschrieben. Die Erläuterungen zur Diagnostik und zur Intervention orientieren sich an den Verhältnissen im deutschsprachigen Raum und beziehen sich bevorzugt auf Verfahren und Vorgehensweisen, die leicht zugänglich sind. Das Buch zeichnet sich durch hohe Verständlichkeit und Anschaulichkeit aus.
Neuropsychologie in der neurologischen Frührehabilitation
Authors: von Wedel-Parlow Friedrich-Karl , Lück Martina
Published: September 2023

Dieser Band fokussiert auf die früheste Phase der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Rehabilitation. Es beleuchtet die spezifischen Probleme bei Patient:innen mit Bewusstseinsstörungen und eingeschränkter Mitarbeitsfähigkeit. Ausführlich wird auf neurologische Schädigungsmuster, Störungsbilder und Frühreha-spezifische Besonderheiten (wie Trachealkanüle, Spastik, Hilfsmittelversorgung) eingegangen. Der Band beschreibt Ansätze für Diagnostik und Therapie, die in dieser ersten Phase nach der Hirnschädigung meist noch nicht standardisiert erfolgen können. Vielmehr werden ein systematisches Vorgehen und ein klientenzentrierter Ansatz mit Orientierung an kognitiven Konzepten skizziert. Gesondert werden das interdisziplinäre Team, Gruppenangebote, Angehörigenarbeit und ethische Fragen erläutert. Darüber hinaus enthält das Buch auch eine Anleitung zum praktischen Vorgehen für eine kognitive Diagnostik und Therapie in der Frühphase der neurologischen Rehabilitation.
Impact of Annular Solar Eclipse on the Trace Gases and Dynamics of the Lower and Middle Atmosphere: Results Inferred From an Integrated Campaign “Suryagrahan‐2019”
Authors: Das Siddarth Shankar , Kishore Kumar K. , Subrahmanyam K. V. , Venkat Ratnam M. , Suneeth K. V. , Sunilkumar S. V. , Sinha P. R. , Ghosh Asish Kumar , Das Subrata Kumar , Sonwabne Sunil , Muralikrishna U. V. , Kolte Yogesh , Naja Manish , Abhilash S. , Satheesan K. , Rakesh V. , Mahesh P. , Koushik N. , Satheesh Chandran P. R. , Girach I. A. , Namboodiri K. V. S. , Pandithurai G. , Kirankumar N. V. P.
Published: September 2023

An integrated campaign “Suryagrahan‐2019” with multi‐institutional support was conducted by launching a series of radiosondes/ozonesondes over 6‐different locations in India along with the operation of ST/MST radars and launching of RH‐200 rockets during the annular solar eclipse of 26 December 2019. We present the eclipse‐induced changes in the thermal structure, dynamics and trace gases in the lower and middle atmosphere. One of the novel findings is the formation of three step‐like isothermal structures in the lower stratosphere with a layer height of 1.4, 2.5, and 4 km, which is attributed to the adiabatic compression and expansion of the air parcel. These structures have both warming and cooling effect of the order of ±6 K. A significant increase of ozone by 20% in post‐eclipse scenario between 29 and 32 km is observed over Cochin. Strong downdrafts of ∼−0.25 m s−1 are observed between 12 and 16 km during the eclipse event, which is attributed to the atmospheric compression due to the sudden cooling during the eclipse event. Due to the changes in thermal structure, the atmospheric circulation changes are observed in the meridional wind. During the maximum obscuration, there is a sudden decrease in near‐surface and boundary layer ozone by 12–15 ppbv. The present study reiterates that the eclipse‐induced perturbations depend on the local time of the eclipse event and place of observations. It is envisaged that the results discussed in the study will improve our understanding of the eclipse induced perturbations in the Earth's atmosphere.