bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photobiomodulation therapy for treatment olfactory and taste dysfunction COVID‐19‐related: A case report
Authors: de Souza Viviane Brocca , Ferreira Laís Tatiane , Sene‐Fiorese Marcela , Garcia Vanessa , Rodrigues Tiago Zuccolotto , de Aquino Junior Antonio Eduardo , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador , Panhoca Vitor Hugo
Published: April 2022

It is postulated that the inflammatory process resulting from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is the main cause of smell and taste dysfunctions in patients. In view of this, photobiomodulation, due to its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects, may be a promising therapeutic modality to treat these disorders. In the present case report, we observed clinical improvement in the symptoms of anosmia and ageusia related to COVID‐19 after treatment with photobiomodulation. Due to the inflammatory nature of COVID‐19 and the anti‐inflammatory effects, photobiomodulation antioxidants already proven in the literature make it a promising therapeutic modality, especially sequela COVID‐related, including olfactory (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) dysfunction. In the present case report, the patient's olfactory and gustatory functions were re‐established after 10 treatment sessions with photobiomodulation.
Hereditary intraspinal schwannomatosis with SMARCB1 gene mutation: A case report
Authors: Li Yu , Chen Lulu , Shao Dongqi , Zhang Binbin , Xie Shan , Zheng Xialin , Jiang Zhiquan
Published: April 2022

Background

Schwannomatosis is the third subtype of neurofibromatosis. Schwannomatosis, particularly the familial variant, is uncommon. Recently, germline mutations of the SMARCB1 gene have been found to cause schwannomatosis. In this report, we describe a case of familial inherited intraspinal schwannomatosis. Postoperative pathology indicated a schwannoma. The results of gene testing showed that the SMARCB1 gene had a spliced mutation.

Case description

A patient with a rare case of familial intraluminal schwannomatosis was admitted to our hospital. Peripheral blood gene testing was performed on the patient and her son, and a splice mutation of the SMARCB1 gene located at C. 1118+1G>A on intron 8 was identified.

Conclusions

Schwannomatosis is an incomplete dominant autosomal dominant genetic disorder. The structural and functional abnormalities of proteins caused by mutations in the SMARCB1 gene may be the molecular basis for familial schwannomatosis.
Expediting dental treatment for patients with diabetes mellitus in a university‐based dental clinic
Authors: Baxter Michelle , Hardin‐Fanning Frances , Witt Cheryl
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This pilot project was implemented to minimize barriers in access to care, reduce the risk for oral health and systemic diabetes complications, and optimize the health outcomes for patients with diabetes seeking comprehensive dental treatment.

Methods

The intervention group included patients with diabetes who participated in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing during their initial dental screening appointment. The participants whose HbA1c value was ≤ 9.0% were expedited into the scheduling queue for the next comprehensive examination appointment. Health literacy was assessed regarding patients’ understanding of the connection between oral health and diabetes.

Results

The mean number of days between screening and treatment plan development was decreased by 38.4%. Of the participants in the intervention group with an HbA1c value ≤ 9.0%, 44% rated their understanding of the connection between diabetes and gum disease as “poor”, whereas 86% of the patients who were ineligible due to an HbA1c value ≥ 9.1% rated their understanding as “very good” or “excellent”.

Conclusions

Patients with diabetes will continue to benefit from this quality improvement project to minimize barriers to dental care and improve overall health outcomes as this intervention is adopted as a permanent practice change. The need has been highlighted for comprehensive education in practice settings concerning medical and dental collaboration, and patient awareness of the interrelationship between diabetes mellitus and oral disease. An increase in oral examinations, assessment of routine oral health behaviors, and referral to dental providers from the primary care setting is warranted.
The Japanese lead extraction registry (J‐LEX): Annual report 2020
Authors: Shoda Morio , Kusano Kengo , Goya Masahiko , Nishii Nobuhiro , Imai Katsuhiko , Okamoto Yoji , Nagashima Michio , Takegami Misa , Nakao Yoko M. , Iwanaga Yoshitaka , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Nogami Akihiko , Shimizu Wataru ,   J‐LEX registry investigators
Published: April 2022

The Japanese Heart Rhythm Society established a nationwide, mandatory, multi‐center, prospective, observational registry of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) named the Japanese lead extraction registry (J‐LEX) in 2018. We have published the first annual report of J‐LEX with 661 cases from 42 hospitals. The second annual report of J‐LEX in 2020 enrolled increased numbers of 785 cases from 75 hospitals. TLE procedure was attempted on patients with an average age of 71.7 years old, male in 72.5% in the hybrid operating room in 57.9%, and in standard OR with a C‐arm fluoroscope in 18.7%. The indication of TLE was an infection in 62.8% and the guideline classification was class‐I in 67.4% and class‐IIa in 23.8%. The average implantation duration of target leads was 7.9 years. Complete removal was achieved in 96.6% of the target leads and clinical success in 98.1% of the patients. Perioperative complications were observed in 7.1% of the patients. One patient died during a TLE operation and the other three patients died in‐hospital (cardiac death in one patient and non‐cardiac in two patients). Although the annual J‐LEX report in 2020 demonstrated an increased number of TLE procedures despite the first pandemic year of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), perioperative complications increased a little in comparison with J‐LEX 2019.
Experimental determination of shear stresses on an artificial transcoelomic metastasis model using optical tweezers: A comparison with numerical simulation
Authors: Torres‐Saucedo Oscar Leonardo , Morales‐Cruzado Beatriz , Pérez‐Gutiérrez Francisco G.
Published: April 2022

Background

One of the reported pathways of cancer spread is the transcoelomic pathway, which is understood as the spread of cancer cells in the abdominal and thoracic cavities through interstitial fluid. It has been proven that the shear stresses caused by microfluidic currents on cancer tumors in the abdominal and thoracic cavities cause the detachment of cancer cells triggering transcoelomic metastasis; however, the magnitude of shear stresses has not yet been measured experimentally.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to develop an experimental methodology using optical tweezers to approximate the shear stresses suffered by a nonporous, rigid artificial cancerous nodule model.

Methods

Artificial cancerous nodule model was made by the agglomeration of 2 μm diameter polystyrene particles in a microfluidic platform. Optical tweezers were used as a velocimetry tool and shear stresses on the surface of the nodule model were approximated with the viscous shear stress equation. The results were verified with a numerical simulation performed in Ansys Fluent.

Results

Shear stress originated by microflow over artificial cancerous nodule model were quantified both experimentally and numerically, showing good agreement between both methods. Such stress on the nodules' surface was much greater than that suffered by the wall on which the nodule model was located and dependent of the nodule model geometry. Although the experiment and simulation of this study were performed using a rigid and nonporous nodule model, the conclusion obtained about the increase of shear stresses applies to permeable, porous, and soft nodules as well, because the shear stresses are associated to the acceleration of the fluid originated by the reduction of the cross‐sectional area.

Conclusions

Shear stress over artificial nodule model were successfully quantified using optical tweezer‐based velocimetry technique and verified through numerical calculation. Advantages of experimental technique are: (1) it allows to control the position in a three‐dimensional plane, allowing measurements in the vicinity of the analyzed surfaces, and (2) it is applicable for very low Reynolds number (Re « 1). On the other hand, as disadvantages: (1) it tends to be complicated to perform velocity measurements over obstacles and (2) it is limited in trapping distance.
Note on the existence theory for non‐induced evolution equations
Authors: Kaltenbach A.
Published: April 2022

In this note, we develop a framework which allows to prove an abstract existence result for non‐linear evolution equations involving so‐called non‐induced operators, i.e., operators which are not prescribed by a time‐dependent family of operators. Apart from this, we introduce the notion of C0‐Bochner pseudo‐monotonicity and C0‐Bochner coercivity, which are appropriate adaptions of the standard notion to the framework of evolutionary  problems.
Hierarchical Structures in Macromolecule‐Assembled Synthetic Cells
Authors: Yu Xiaolei , Zhou Long , Wang Gangyang , Wang Lei , Dou Hongjing
Published: April 2022

Various models of synthetic cells have been developed as researchers have sought to explore the origins of life. Based on the fact that structural complexity is the foundation of higher‐order functions, this review focuses on hierarchical structures in synthetic cell models that are inspired by living systems, in which macromolecules are the dominant participants. The underlying advantages and functions provided by biomimetic higher‐order structures are discussed from four perspectives, including hierarchical structures in membranes, in the composite construction of membrane‐coated artificial cytoplasm, in organelle‐like subcellular compartments, as well as in synthetic cell–cell assembled synthetic tissues. In parallel, various feasible driving forces and approaches for the fabrication of such higher‐order structures are showcased. Furthermore, both the implemented and potential applications of biomimetic systems, bottom‐up biosynthesis, biomedical tissue engineering, and disease therapy are highlighted. This thriving field is gradually narrowing the gap between fundamental research and applied science.
Spontaneous charitable donations in Sweden before and after COVID: A natural experiment
Authors: Erlandsson Arvid , Nilsson Artur , Alì Paolo Alessandro , Västfjäll Daniel
Published: April 2022

Did the outbreak of COVID‐19 influence spontaneous donation behavior? To investigate this, we conducted a natural experiment on real donation data. We analyzed the absolute amount, and the proportion of total payments, donated by individuals to charitable organizations via Swish—a widely used mobile online payment application through which most Swedes prefer to make their donations to charity—each day of 2019 and 2020. Spontaneous charitable donations were operationalized as Swish‐payments to numbers starting with 90, as this number is a nationally acknowledged quality control label that is provided to all fundraising operations that are monitored by the Swedish Fundraising Control. The results show that the Swish‐donations fluctuated substantially depending on season (less donations in January–February and during the summer months, and more donations in April–May and during the last months of the year) and specific events (peaks in Swish‐donations often coincided with televised charity fundraising galas). Interrupted time‐series analyses revealed that spontaneous donations were overall unaffected by the pandemic outbreak.
‘S16‐14730C’: A high‐yielding conventional soybean cultivar with indeterminate growth habit and multiple disease resistance adapted to the Mid‐South
Authors: Chen P. , Shannon G. , Scaboo A. , Crisel M. , Smothers S. , Clubb M. , Selves S. , Vieira C. C. , Ali M. L. , Lee D. , Lord N. , Nguyen H. T. , Li Z. , Mitchum M. G. , Bond J. , Meinhardt C. , Usovsky M. , Li S. , Mengistu A. , Zhang B. , Mozzoni L. , Robbins R. T.
Published: April 2022

‘S16‐14730C’ (Reg. no. CV‐546, PI 699632) is a conventional maturity group (MG) IV (relative maturity, 4.7) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar released by the University of Missouri–Fisher Delta Research Center breeding program in 2020. It has an indeterminate growth habit, averaging 89 cm in height with a 2.1 lodging score. Plants have purple flowers, tawny pubescence, and tan pod wall color, and seeds have black hilum and 402.8 g kg–1 of protein and 224.0 g kg–1 of oil concentrations. S16‐14730C underwent extensive yield testing and disease evaluation from 2017 to 2020 over a total of 104 environments across 12 states. During the USDA uniform trials in 2018 and 2019, S16‐14730C yielded 4,192 kg ha–1, equivalent to 99 and 108% of the best checks and overall check mean, respectively. S16‐14730C shows resistance to stem canker and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) HG type 2.5.7 (race 1) and HG type 5.7 (race 3) and moderate resistance to SCN HG type 1.2.5.7 (race 2), southern root‐knot nematode, peanut root‐knot nematode, and charcoal rot. It is susceptible to reniform nematode and phytophthora root rot. S16‐14730C may serve as an excellent choice in regions where a late MG IV conventional line is in demand.
Front Cover Image, Volume 78, Issue 5
Authors: Zhang Shuyun , Liu Hang , Yang Na , Xiong Lixia , Wang Baolei
Published: April 2022

The cover image is based on the Research Article Synthesis and evaluation of novel xanthine‐acrylamides and xanthine‐acrylates as insecticidal agents by Shuyun Zhang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6834.

image
Over One Watt Output Power Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers by Using High Doping Concentration and Variable Barrier‐Well Height
Authors: Lin Tsung-Tse , Wang Li , Wang Ke , Grange Thomas , Birner Stefan , Hirayama Hideki
Published: April 2022

A GaAs/AlGaAs‐based terahertz quantum cascade laser with a peak power of 1.31 W and average power of 52 mW is demonstrated. To realize a high output power, an effective way is to increase the electron density at the active region by using a high doping level. This work aims to optimize a design enabling to use a heavy doping level, by realigning the resonant tunneling which can be seriously degraded due to a band bending from this heavy local doping. With variable quantum well and barrier height, the design owns an improved parameter tuning freedoms, and a saturation of peak gain can be achieved at a relatively high doping concentration of 1.0 × 1017 cm−3, which is twice higher than the recently reported device. Nonequilibrium Green's function method including full carriers scattering effect is used to carry out the design optimization, mainly including the realignment of resonant tunneling and suppression of leakages via high‐energy confined levels. In the experiment, a 14 μm thick active layer for this design is grown and also large mesa size is developed. To ensure a quasi‐continuous wave (quasi‐CW) operation, the heat dissipation is also managed.
Optimized Design of the Lithium Niobate for Spectrally‐Pure‐State Generation at MIR Wavelengths Using Metaheuristic Algorithm
Authors: Cai Wu‐Hao , Tian Ying , Wang Shun , You Chenglong , Zhou Qiang , Jin Rui‐Bo
Published: April 2022

Quantum light sources in the mid‐infrared (MIR) band play an important role in many applications, such as quantum sensing, quantum imaging, and quantum communication. However, there is still a lack of high‐quality quantum light sources in the MIR band, such as the spectrally pure single‐photon source. In this work, the generation of a spectrally‐pure state in an optimized poled lithium niobate crystal using a metaheuristic algorithm is presented. In particular, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize the duty cycle of the poling period of the lithium niobate crystal. With this approach, the spectral purity can be improved from 0.820 to 0.998 under the third group‐velocity‐matched condition, and the wavelength‐tunable range from 3.0 to 4.0 µm for the degenerate case and 3.0 to 3.7 µm for the nondegenerate case. This work paves the way for developing quantum photonic technologies at the MIR wavelength band.
A novel plasminogen mutation in a child with hereditary periodic syndrome: A case report
Authors: Akbar Lujayn , Alazami Anas M. , AlSaleem Alhanouf , Alsonbul Abdullah , Al‐Mayouf Sulaiman M.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Plasminogen (PLG) deficiency is an ultrarare disease. The reported manifestations in literature were linked to pseudomembrane formation and mucosal surfaces inflammation. Recently, PLG, its activators and its receptors have gained more attention in inflammation regulatory processes, including the release of proinflammatory signaling molecules, and thus its role is believed to have clinical implications beyond what has been known.

Case Report

We present a child with recurrent fever who, although managed initially as familial Mediterranean fever, later on, developed a constellation of findings that were not explained by a classified autoinflammatory disease. Genetic testing revealed a novel homozygous PLG mutation (PLG: c.466G>A: p.D156N) and a likely benign heterozygous MEFV gene variant. We propose that the PLG mutation is responsible for the clinical manifestations, which may or may not be exacerbated by the coexistence of the MEFV variant. A relationship between the PLG pathway, inflammation, and FMF severity has been addressed recently in several studies.

Conclusion

This report highlights the recently recognized role of the PLG pathway in inflammatory diseases and describes a potentially new presentation of PLG pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and allow for a more definitive conclusion.
A Fluorescent Self‐Absorption Method for Detection of Captopril using Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Fu Yingqiang , Li Zhiwen , Zhou Zhilin , Sun Qiyao , Zhang Jiyue , Fang Jiajia
Published: April 2022

A hydrothermal method for preparing water‐soluble carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was studied using the citric acid and thiourea. The CQDs have high fluorescence Intensity, high photoluminescence stability and uniform size. Their average size is 5 nm. Their maximum excitation and emission wavelengths are 364 and 452 nm, respectively. divalent copper ions can quench the fluorescence of CQDs and captopril can interact with divalent copper ions to form complexes, the complexes can further reduce the fluorescence of CQDs due to self‐absorption, and there was a linear relationship between the ratio of the fluorescence intensities before and after adding captopril and the captopril concentration. A novel, simple, and environmentally friendly fluorescence detection method for captopril was established. It has been successfully used for captopril detection in captopril tablets.
Structural Fields of Contention in Housing Struggles: Comparative Lessons
Authors: Florea Ioana , Gagyi Agnes , Jacobsson Kerstin
Published: April 2022

This chapter presents our conclusions from comparing housing contention in Budapest and Bucharest, in a way that highlights specific heuristics following from the structural field of contention approach. We show that the main structural areas where housing tensions develop are similar in the two cases, yet the political environment of their politicization develops differently in the two cases, with direct consequences on the alliances and frameworks in which they become expressed. In all cases where tensions become politicized, we find two catalyzing factors: middle class activists with relevant expertise and institutional interfaces where claims formulated through this expertise can be directly addressed to. Looking at multi-actor field dynamics and transformations of the two contention fields, we identify a main field-level division that reflects the redistributive/market-based duality of housing policies. We suggest that movements’ own institution-building is necessary to address commodification beyond that dual institutional interface.
The ideal scenario in deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap dissection: a complete muscle and nerve-sparing approach
Authors: Louca Milton , Dayaratna Nirmal , Dusseldorp Joseph R.
Published: April 2022

The deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP) has become the gold standard method of autologous breast reconstruction by simultaneously maximising aesthetics of the breasts and abdomen, and maximising the function of the abdominal wall. While the anatomical variability of the DIEP flap perforators have been well characterised, there has been less attention paid to the hierarchy of DIEP perforators in terms of limiting abdominal dysfunction post-operatively. In this paper, we seek to draw attention to what is, in our opinion, the ideal scenario in DIEP flap harvest. Where present, a medial paramuscular cutaneous vessel (MPCV) may be harvested using the pyramidalis separation technique enabling a complete rectus abdominis muscle-sparing and abdominal motor nerve-sparing approach. Herein, we describe the pyramidalis separation technique and the results in representative cases. In our experience, this technique enables an expeditious surgical procedure, and dramatically reduces damage to both muscles and nerves.

Level of evidence: Level V, therapeutic study
Trafficking in blood vessel development
Authors: Francis Caitlin R. , Kushner Erich J.
Published: April 2022

Blood vessels demonstrate a multitude of complex signaling programs that work in concert to produce functional vasculature networks during development. A known, but less widely studied, area of endothelial cell regulation is vesicular trafficking, also termed sorting. After moving through the Golgi apparatus, proteins are shuttled to organelles, plugged into membranes, recycled, or degraded depending on the internal and extrinsic cues. A snapshot of these protein-sorting systems can be viewed as a trafficking signature that is not only unique to endothelial tissue, but critically important for blood vessel form and function. In this review, we will cover how vesicular trafficking impacts various aspects of angiogenesis, such as sprouting, lumen formation, vessel stabilization, and secretion, emphasizing the role of Rab GTPase family members and their various effectors.
Habitats hold an evolutionary signal of past climatic refugia
Authors: García María B. , Miranda Hector , Pizarro Manuel , Font Xavier , Roquet Cristina , González-Sampériz Penélope
Published: April 2022

Climatic refugia have often been associated with hotspots of richness and endemism, and identified on the basis of molecular or paleobotanical information. Here, we apply a phylogenetic analysis to 18,000 plant communities distributed across the Pyrenees, a south European mountain range, to identify climatic refugia from imprints of relictuality inferred from species’ evolutionary distinctiveness (ED). We produced a genus-level phylogenetic tree to calculate the standardized mean ED value of plant communities (cED). Then, we explored which habitats concentrate the plant communities with the highest cED and the interrelated effect of past (long-term climatic stability) and present (topographic and spatial position) factors. Results show strong differences of cED among habitats: forests ranked first, followed by some open habitats like high altitude wetlands. Climate stability and roughness positively influenced cED. A weak negative association resulted between the two diversity measurements (richness and endemism rate) and also with cED. We propose that forests acted as “mobile refugia” during the glacial-interglacial periods, supported by paleoenvironmental reconstructions revealing continuous presence at regional scale of key broadleaved trees at that time. Azonal habitats like the endemic-poor humid communities at high elevation would have also played an important role as more permanent microrefugia. Our approach identifies a variety of habitats and plant assemblages that have successfully withstood past climate change in different ways, and therefore would hold an important evolutionary potential to cope with current climate change. Given their potential role in preserving biodiversity, they should be integrated in future conservation agendas.
Work ability 8 years after breast cancer: exploring the role of social support in a nation-wide survey
Authors: Vandraas K. , Falk R. S. , Bøhn S. K. H. , Kiserud C. , Lie H. C. , Smedsland S. K. , Ewertz M. , Dahl S. , Brekke M. , Reinertsen K. V.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

As the 5-year survival rate after breast cancer in Norway is 92%, the population of breast cancer survivors (BCSs) is increasing. Knowledge of work ability in this population is scarce. In a population-based cohort of BCSs, we explored work ability 8 years after diagnosis and the association between work ability and social support, and cancer-related variables including late effects and lifestyle factors.

Methods

In 2019, all Norwegian women < 59 years when diagnosed with stage I–III breast cancer in 2011 or 2012, were identified by the Cancer Registry of Norway and invited to participate in a survey on work life experiences. Work ability was assessed using the Work Ability Index (scale 0–10). Factors associated with excellent work ability (score ≥ 9) were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and adjusted for socioeconomic-, health- and cancer-related variables.

Results

Of the 1951 eligible BCSs, 1007 (52.8%) responded. After excluding survivors with relapse (n = 1), missing information on work ability score (n = 49), or work status (n = 31), the final sample comprised 926 BCSs within working age at survey (< 67 years).

Mean age at survey was 56 years and 8 years (SD 0.7) had passed since diagnosis. Work ability had been reduced from 8.9 (SD 2.3) at diagnosis to 6.3 (SD 3.1). One in three BCSs reported poor work ability (WAS ≤ 5), and seven out of ten reported that their physical work ability had been reduced due to cancer. Social support from colleagues during cancer therapy was associated with excellent work ability, which was not observed for social support provided by supervisors or the general practitioner. Cognitive impairment and fatigue were inversely associated with work ability. None of the cancer-related variables, including treatment, were associated with work ability 8 years after diagnosis.

Conclusion

In this population-based sample, one in three BCSs reported poor work ability 8 years after diagnosis. Collegial social support during cancer therapy appears to be a protective factor for sustained work ability, whilst survivors struggling with fatigue and cognitive impairments may represent a particularly vulnerable group for reduced work ability.
High order elements in finite fields arising from recursive towers
Authors: Dose Valerio , Mercuri Pietro , Pal Ankan , Stirpe Claudio
Published: April 2022

We illustrate a general technique to construct towers of fields producing high order elements in $$\mathbb {F}_{q^{2^n}}$$

F

q

2
n

, for odd q, and in $$\mathbb {F}_{2^{2 \cdot 3^n}}$$

F

2

2
·

3
n

, for $$n \ge 1$$

n
≥
1

. These towers are obtained recursively by $$x_{n}^2 + x_{n} = v(x_{n - 1})$$

x

n

2

+

x
n

=
v

(

x

n
-
1

)

, for odd q, or $$x_{n}^3 + x_{n} = v(x_{n - 1})$$

x

n

3

+

x
n

=
v

(

x

n
-
1

)

, for $$q=2$$

q
=
2

, where v(x) is a polynomial of small degree over the prime field $$\mathbb {F}_{q}$$

F
q

and $$x_n$$

x
n

belongs to the finite field extension $$\mathbb {F}_{q^{2^n}}$$

F

q

2
n

, for an odd q, or to $$\mathbb {F}_{2^{2\cdot 3^n}}$$

F

2

2
·

3
n

. Several examples are provided to show the numerical efficacy of our method. Using the techniques of Burkhart et al. (Des Codes Cryptogr 51(3):301–314, 2009) we prove similar lower bounds on the orders of the groups generated by $$x_n$$

x
n

, or by the discriminant $$\delta _n$$

δ
n

of the polynomial. We also provide a general framework which can be used to produce many different examples, with the numerical performance of our best examples being slightly better than in the cases analyzed in Burkhart et al. (2009).
Experiential Attitudes are Propositional
Authors: Liefke Kristina
Published: April 2022

Attitudinal propositionalism is the view that all mental attitude content is truth-evaluable. While attitudinal propositionalism is still silently assumed in large parts of analytic philosophy, recent work on objectual attitudes (i.e. attitudes like ‘fearing Moriarty’ and ‘imagining a unicorn’ that are reported through intensional transitive verbs with a direct object) has put attitudinal propositionalism under explanatory pressure. This paper defends propositionalism for a special subclass of objectual attitudes, viz. experiential attitudes. The latter are attitudes like seeing, remembering, and imagining whose grammatical objects intuitively denote (events or) scenes. I provide a propositional analysis of experiential attitudes that preserves the merits of propositionalism. This analysis uses the possibility of representing the target-scenes of experiential attitudes by the intersection of all propositions that are true in these scenes. I show that this analysis makes available the usual (Russellian) account of intensionality and the common (Boolean) logic for entailments.
Improving student success in chemistry through cognitive science
Authors: Hartman JudithAnn R. , Nelson Eric A. , Kirschner Paul A.
Published: April 2022

Chemistry educator Alex H. Johnstone is perhaps best known for his insight that chemistry is best explained using macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic perspectives. But in his writings, he stressed a broader thesis, namely that teaching should be guided by scientific research on how the brain learns: cognitive science. Since Johnstone’s retirement, science’s understanding of learning has progressed rapidly. A surprising discovery has been when solving chemistry problems of any complexity, reasoning does not work: students must apply very-well-memorized facts and algorithms. Following Johnstone’s advice, we review recent discoveries of cognitive science research. Instructional strategies are recommended that cognitive studies have shown help students learn chemistry.
Quantum measurement process with an ideal detector array
Authors: Zirpel Michael
Published: April 2022

Any observable with finite eigenvalue spectrum can be measured using a multiport apparatus realizing an appropriate unitary transformation and an array of detector instruments, where each detector operates as an indicator of one possible value of the observable. The study of this setup in the frame of von Neumann’s quantum mechanical measurement process has a remarkable result: already after the interaction of the measured system with the detector array without collapse, exactly one detector is indicating a detection. Each single detector indicates either 0 or 1 detection, and no superposition can be attributed to it.
Composition Under Distributive Natural Transformations: Or, When Predicate Abstraction is Impossible
Authors: Bumford Dylan
Published: April 2022

Natural language semanticists have often found it useful to assume that all expressions denote sets of values. The approach is most prominent in the study of questions and prosodic focus, but also common in work on indefinites, disjunction, negative polarity, and scalar implicature. However, the most popular compositional implementation of this idea is known to face technical obstacles in the presence of object-language binding constructs, including, chiefly, lambda abstraction. The problem has been well-described on several occasions in the literature, and in fact several solutions have been explored. This paper seeks to formalize the challenge of defining an indeterminate semantics for binding operators, and to formally establish the intuition that the challenge is in fact insurmountable. The primary benefit to this exercise is that it offers an abstract characterization of what it means to lift an operation from one semantic space to another, a notion which may be applied to domains having nothing to do with sets of alternatives.
Measuring the impact: new insights into flood-borne large wood collisions with river structures using an isolated sensor-unit
Authors: Spreitzer Gabriel , Ravazzolo Diego , Tunnicliffe Jon , Friedrich Heide
Published: April 2022

Large Wood (LW) transported during floods or channelized mass flows poses a high risk for engineered structures, often leading to significant damage or total failure of the impacted structure. To date little is known about impact magnitudes caused by LW collisions. To better control for such interactions, a better understanding of transport dynamics and impact forces is required. The present laboratory study employs state-of-the-art sensor units installed in scaled logs to capture acceleration data from collisions of waterborne LW with 2 in-stream structures—bridge pier and retention structure—each providing different examples of rigid engineered systems. Through precise measurements of acceleration and impact duration (stopping time), the resultant impact forces of LW collisions can be calculated. Here, for the first time, impact forces were quantified in a scaled stream environment based on the inertial frame of the object causing the impact, rather than the more commonly used instrumented structure approach. High-resolution accelerometer measurements were compared to conventional analytical (force balance) approaches. They revealed the need for accurate inertia measurements to appropriately account for prevailing hydraulic flow conditions and the effects of LW interactions in fluvial environments. Although log velocity and stopping time are crucial parameters for assessing LW impact forces, accurate measurements are still elusive due to limitations in available sensing techniques. By presenting proof-of-concept results, this study contributes to an improved understanding of LW impact forces during floods. Based on these encouraging results, we recommend more sensor-based field studies in future, needed for the design of resilient structures.
Scientization Under Pressure—The Problematic Role of Expert Bodies During the Handling of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Christensen Tom , Lægreid Per
Published: April 2022

This article focuses on the role of experts in the Norwegian decision-making process in central government during the crisis management of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is based on a structural-instrumental and a cultural perspective. The main findings are that managing the pandemic led to a centralization of power in the hands of the political leadership, a blurring of the dichotomy between politics and administration, and a variety of expert advice. The crisis management also reflected the cultural appropriateness of a collaborative decision-making style, but it was not characterized by a scientization of policymaking. Rather than policymaking by experts it was policymaking informed by experts.
Sharp Estimates for the Gaussian Torsional Rigidity with Robin Boundary Conditions
Authors: Chiacchio Francesco , Gavitone Nunzia , Nitsch Carlo , Trombetti Cristina
Published: April 2022

In this paper we provide a comparison result between the solutions to the torsion problem for the Hermite operator with Robin boundary conditions and the one of a suitable symmetrized problem.
Effects of hydrophilic coated catheters on urethral trauma, microtrauma and adverse events with intermittent catheterization in patients with bladder dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liao Xi , Liu Yuwei , Liang Shiqi , Li Ka
Published: April 2022

Background

Hydrophilic coated catheters are recommended to reduce the side effects of intermittent catheterization (IC) in patients with bladder dysfunction. However, there is lack of Level one evidence to support the use of this intervention.

Search methods

Several electronic databases were systematically searched to evaluate complication incidences for hydrophilic coated (HC) and non-hydrophilic catheters (NHC).

Results

Twelve studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. The meta-analyses exploring microscopic hematuria frequencies (RR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.52–0.90) and urethral stricture frequencies (RR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.13–0.60) showed a lower risk ratio associated with HC in comparison to NHC, whereas gross hematuria was no statistically significant difference in two groups. Subgroup analyses of gross hematuria which was grouped according to "catheterization frequency", "single/multiple catheterization" and "self/other catheterization” were performed and the values of combined RR were also no statistically significant difference.

Conclusions

Compared with non-hydrophilic catheters, the hydrophilic coated catheters have positive significance in reducing the incidence of urethral microtrauma and the urethral stricture. However, more studies are warranted for evaluating effects of hydrophilic coated catheters on the incidence of gross hematuria.
Die Weltsicht der „working rich“ – Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen und Legitimierungsstrategien von arbeitenden Vermögenserb:innen
Authors: Quinz Hannah
Published: April 2022

Während soziale Mobilität nach dem meritokratischen Leistungsprinzip abnimmt, gewinnt die soziale Herkunft zunehmend an Bedeutung. Gleichzeitig ist Vermögen enorm ungleich verteilt und wird innerhalb vermögender Familien durchinter vivosSchenkungen und Erbschaften weitergegeben. So entsteht ein Spannungsverhältnis zwischen dem gesellschaftlich dominanten Leistungsprinzip und einer dem Statusprinzip entsprechenden Vermögenserbschaft. Dieser Beitrag stellt daher die Frage, wie „working rich“ ihr Vermögen vor dem Hintergrund der Deutung ihrer Lebensgeschichte in der Leistungsgesellschaft legitimieren und welche Gerechtigkeitsvorstellung sie verinnerlicht haben. Feinstruktur- und Themenanalysen von sieben problemzentrierten Interviews sowie eine Typenbildung führen zu den zentralen Erkenntnissen dieser Arbeit. Ein Typus löst den Widerspruch durch „leistungsorientierte Abwertung“ auf, indem die Klassenherkunft abgewertet und Leistung nur an Erfolg bemessen wird. Der Typus „statusorientierte Wohltätigkeit“ würdigt die eigene Klassenherkunft durch eine angemessene Lebensführung und Philanthropie und knüpft Leistung an den sozialen Status. Beide Typen legitimieren ihre privilegierte Position und tragen zur Reproduktion sozialer Ungleichheiten bei. Die unterschiedlichen Legitimierungsstrategien haben jedoch unterschiedliche Konsequenzen für zentrale, solidarische Grundhaltungen.
Die vielseitigen Sichtweisen auf das Erleben aussagepsychologischer Begutachtung bei sexualisierter Gewalt – eine qualitative Fokusgruppenstudie
Authors: Schoon Wiebke
Published: April 2022

Aussagepsychologische Begutachtungen spielen in straf- und sozialrechtlichen Prozessen im Zusammenhang mit Straftaten gegen die sexuelle Selbstbestimmung eine bedeutsame Rolle. Die Durchführung einer Begutachtung kann dabei als belastend erlebt werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, verschiedene Perspektiven zum Erleben von Glaubhaftigkeitsbegutachtung darzustellen und im Zusammenhang mit Bewältigungsprozessen Betroffener sexualisierter Gewalt zu untersuchen. Es erfolgte die Durchführung von insgesamt 3 Fokusgruppen mit Fachexpert:innen (n = 12) unterschiedlichen interdisziplinären und persönlichen Hintergrundes. Die qualitativ-inhaltsanalytische Auswertung zeigt, dass Fachexpert:innen verschiedene Quellen für individuelles Belastungserleben im Rahmen von straf- und sozialrechtlichen Verfahren und im Zusammenhang mit der Durchführung einer Glaubhaftigkeitsbegutachtung identifizieren. Neben dem inhärent kritisch nachfragenden Charakter des Verfahrens stellen u. a. das Erinnern an lang zurückliegende Erlebnisse für betroffene Personen eine Herausforderung dar. Ferner benannten Fokusgruppenteilnehmende strafprozessuale Faktoren wie Verfahrensdauer und unzureichende Informationsweitergabe zu individuellen Verfahrensabläufen als hinderlich für eine Bewältigung von Erfahrungen sexualisierter Gewalt. Um Belastungen für Betroffene sexualisierter Gewalt zu reduzieren, sprachen sich die Fachexpert:innen für eine systematische Professionalisierung der Justiz durch Aus‑, Fort- und Weiterbildungen von Richter:innen, Polizist:innen und Jurist:innen, eine Verbesserung der Aussageerfassung und eine Verwendung neutralerer Begrifflichkeiten im Zusammenhang mit Glaubhaftigkeitsbegutachtung aus. Implikationen für die Praxis und zukünftige Forschungsvorhaben werden diskutiert.
High-Speed Imaging of the Ultrasonic Deagglomeration of Carbon Nanotubes in Water
Authors: Xu Zhuocheng , Tonry Catherine , Beckwith Christopher , Kao Andrew , Wong Hayley , Shaffer Milo S. P. , Pericleous Koulis , Li Qianqian
Published: April 2022

Ultrasonic treatment is effective in deagglomerating and dispersing nanoparticles in various liquids. However, the exact deagglomeration mechanisms vary for different nanoparticle clusters, owing to different particle geometries and inter-particle adhesion forces. Here, the deagglomeration mechanisms and the influence of sonotrode amplitude during ultrasonication of multiwall carbon nanotubes in de-ionized water were studied by a combination of high-speed imaging and numerical modeling. Particle image velocimetry was applied to images with a higher field of view to calculate the average streaming speeds distribution. These data allowed direct comparison with modeling results. For images captured at higher frame rates and magnification, different patterns of deagglomeration were identified and categorized based on different stages of cavitation zone development and for regions inside or outside the cavitation zone. The results obtained and discussed in this paper can also be relevant to a wide range of carbonaceous and other high aspect ratio nanomaterials.
Gender Bias and Conversational Agents: an ethical perspective on Social Robotics
Authors: Fossa Fabio , Sucameli Irene
Published: April 2022

The increase in the spread of conversational agents urgently requires to tackle the ethical issues linked to their design. In fact, developers frequently include in their products cues that trigger social biases in order to maximize the performance and the quality of human-machine interactions. The present paper discusses whether and to what extent it is ethically sound to intentionally trigger gender biases through the design of virtually embodied conversational agents. After outlining the complex dynamics involving social biases, social robots, and design, we evaluate the ethics of integrating gender cues in conversational agents, analysing four different approaches to the problem. Finally, we suggest which approach in our opinion might have the best chances to reduce the negative effects of biases and discriminatory visions of gender dynamics.
Age-Dependent Increase in Schmidt-Lanterman Incisures and a Cadm4-Associated Membrane Skeletal Complex in Fatty Acid 2-hydroxylase Deficient Mice: a Mouse Model of Spastic Paraplegia SPG35
Authors: Jordans Silvia , Hardt Robert , Becker Ivonne , Winter Dominic , Wang-Eckhardt Lihua , Eckhardt Matthias
Published: April 2022

PNS and CNS myelin contain large amounts of galactocerebroside and sulfatide with 2-hydroxylated fatty acids. The underlying hydroxylation reaction is catalyzed by fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H). Deficiency in this enzyme causes a complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia, SPG35, which is associated with leukodystrophy. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of purified myelin isolated from sciatic nerves ofFa2h-deficient (Fa2h−/−) mice revealed an increase in the concentration of the three proteins Cadm4, Mpp6 (Pals2), and protein band 4.1G (Epb41l2) in 17-month-old, but not in young (4 to 6-month-old),Fa2h−/−mice. These proteins are known to form a complex, together with the protein Lin7, in Schmidt-Lanterman incisures (SLIs). Accordingly, the number of SLIs was significantly increased in 17-month-old but not 4-month-oldFa2h−/−mice compared to age-matched wild-type mice. On the other hand, the relative increase in the SLI frequency was less pronounced than expected from Cadm4, Lin7, Mpp6 (Pals2), and band 4.1G (Epb41l2) protein levels. This suggests that the latter not only reflect the higher SLI frequency but that the concentration of the Cadm4 containing complex itself is increased in the SLIs or compact myelin ofFa2h−/−mice and may potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The proteome data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030244.
The VIVA Sustainable Work Engagement Model: A Conceptual Introduction and Preliminary Test Over Three Years
Authors: Ignjatovic Cedomir , Kern Margaret L. , Oades Lindsay G.
Published: April 2022

Vital engagement has been described as a focused, meaningful, and active relationship with work across one’s lifetime (Nakamura, 2001, 2014). Theoretically, vital engagement goes beyond short-term interest and engagement in one’s work, representing instead an ongoing, homeostatic sense of engagement that sustainably occurs across years and decades. However, it is unclear how vital engagement manifests in the modern workplace. In the footsteps of Nakamura (2014), we present the VIVA model, which conceptualizes sustainable work engagement as comprised of four mutually reinforcing elements: virtue, involvement, vitality, and acceptance. We first describe the rationale and conceptual underpinnings of the model. Then, we provide a preliminary empirical test of the model using archival data collected from a panel of school staff (N = 327) assessed five times over a three year period. Based on available data, the VIVA domains were operationalized as strengths use, work-related flow experiences, subjective vitality, and a sense of meaning in life. Using structural equation modelling, results provided preliminary support for the hypothesized model, which was relatively stable over time despite changes and challenges occurring in the school. The construct was strongly correlated with but distinct from other wellbeing measures. Although additional testing with measures that specifically align with the four theoretical dimensions is needed, the results support the relevance of the VIVA model in defining specific domains that can be supported in the workplace to help employees sustainably thrive.
Racial equity and inclusion in United States of America-based environmental education organizations: a critical examination of priorities and practices in the work environment
Authors: Romero Valeria Fike , Foreman Jedda , Strang Craig , Rodriguez Laura , Payan Rena , Bailey Kim Moore , Olsen Sarah
Published: April 2022

In the United States of America, societal structures of oppression frame and underpin nearly every field and industry, including environmental education. Despite growing attention on efforts to diversify the environmental education workforce in the United States, environmental fields have had minimal success attracting and retaining professionals of color. This study sought to explore how Environmental Educators of Color experience and are impacted by workplace culture, practices, and policies. Through focus groups, Environmental Educators of Color (n = 26) shared their perspectives related to equity and inclusion in environmental education work environments. This study draws on critical race theory (Delgado & Stefancic, 2017; Tate, 1997) as an analytical framework to center racial equity in our understanding of the experiences and perspectives of Environmental Educators of Color. Analysis of data included thematic emergent analysis (Merriam & Tisdell, 2016) to identify themes in focus group transcripts. Findings indicate that the workplace practices are frequently and unintentionally reinforcing the status quo of systemic racism and marginalization that Environmental Educators of Color experience.