bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chondroinductive impact of polyethersulfone/benzyl hyaluronate nanofibrous scaffold on human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Abedin Dargoush Shabnam , Irani Shiva , Naderi Sohi Alireza , Soleimani Masoud , Hanaee‐Ahvaz Hana
Published: July 2020

Over the years, considerable improvements have been made for the repair of cartilage lesions in the field of cartilage tissue engineering. Constructing scaffolds with close similarity to niches regarding biochemical composition and mechanical characteristics with the best efficiency is a great challenge for scientists and researchers in this field. On the other hand, natural polymers such as hyaluronic acid are difficult to be used in scaffolds construction due to some problems arising from their physicochemical properties such as poor mechanical strength. In this study, to overcome this problem a new nanofibrous composite scaffold was constructed using one of the derivatives of hyaluronic acid, benzyl hyaluronate (BH), in combination with Polyethersulfone (PES) and its chondroinductivity potential was measured using human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile tests were performed to evaluate the characteristics of the composite scaffolds. Common chondrogenic markers (SOX9, Col II and Aggrecan) were assessed by Real‐time PCR. Alcian blue staining was performed as well to test possible glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) production. Expressions of mentioned genes and positive staining of GAGs even in those BH/PES groups which were not treated with chondrogenic differentiation medium confirmed the chondro‐inductive potential of composite PES/BH scaffolds. Although BH has an accepted effect on induction of cartilage, incorporating BH with another polymer such as PES and enhancing the mechanical properties, and thus easier handling of the scaffold can be an effective step in making niche‐like scaffolds.
IPVF's PV technology vision for 2030
Authors: Oberbeck Lars , Alvino Katherine , Goraya Baljeet , Jubault Marie
Published: July 2020

Current single‐junction crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells are approaching their power conversion efficiency (PCE) limit. Tandem solar cells are expected to overcome such efficiency limit, with perovskite on c‐Si tandems being a promising candidate for commercialization over the next years. This work aims atdescribing the conditions that tandem cells and modules need to fulfill to successfully enter the market in 2030.We first estimate that industrial c‐Si photovoltaic modules may reach a price level of about 15 c$/W in 2030 at a PCE of 22–24%, with an expected lifetime of 30 years and an annual degradation of 0.5%. For commercial relevance, we anticipate that tandem module efficiencies need to be increased to reach around 30%, while matching lifetime and degradation rate of c‐Si modules. Provided these conditions, we find that these tandem modules could then have a cost bonus of around 5–10 c$/W compared to c‐Si modules for reaching equal levelized cost of energyvalues.
Ovarian Dysfunction Induced by Chronic Whole‐Body PM2.5 Exposure
Authors: Zhou Su , Xi Yueyue , Chen Yingying , Zhang Zezhong , Wu Chunyan , Yan Wei , Luo Aiyue , Wu Tong , Zhang Jinjin , Wu Meng , Dai Jun , Shen Wei , Zhang Fang , Ding Wenjun , Wang Shixuan
Published: July 2020

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution arouses public health concerns over the world. Increasing epidemiologic evidence suggests that exposure to ambient airborne PM2.5 increases the risk of female infertility. However, relatively few studies have systematically explored the harmful effect of chronic PM2.5 exposure on ovarian function and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, female C57BL/6J mice are exposed to filtered air or urban airborne PM2.5 for 4 months through a whole‐body exposure system. It is found that PM2.5 exposure significantly caused the alteration of estrus cycles, reproductivity, hormone levels, and ovarian reserve. The granulosa cell apoptosis via the mitochondria dependent pathway contributes to the follicle atresia. With RNA‐sequencing technique, the differentially expressed genes induced by PM2.5 exposure are mainly enriched in ovarian steroidogenesis, reactive oxygen species and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Furthermore, it is found that increased PM2.5 profoundly exacerbated ovarian oxidative stress and inflammation in mice through the NF‐κB/IL‐6 signaling pathway. Notably, dietary polydatin (PD) supplement has protective effect in mice against PM2.5‐induced ovarian dysfunction.These striking findings demonstrate that PM2.5 and/or air pollution is a critical factor for ovarian dysfunction through mitochondria‐dependent and NF‐κB/IL‐6‐mediated pathway, and PD may serve as a pharmaceutic candidate for air pollution‐associated ovarian dysfunction.
Genetic gains with rapid‐cycle genomic selection for combined drought and waterlogging tolerance in tropical maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Das Reshmi R. , Vinayan M. T. , Patel Manish B. , Phagna Ramesh K. , Singh S. B. , Shahi J. P. , Sarma Akashi , Barua N. S. , Babu Raman , Seetharam K. , Burgueño Juan A. , Zaidi P. H.
Published: July 2020

Rapid cycle genomic selection (RC‐GS) helps to shorten the breeding cycle and reduce the costs of phenotyping, thereby increasing genetic gains in terms of both cost and time. We implemented RC‐GS on two multi‐parent yellow synthetic (MYS) populations constituted by intermating ten elite lines involved in each population, including four each of drought and waterlogging tolerant donors and two commercial lines, with proven commercial value. Cycle 1 (C1) was constituted based on phenotypic selection and intermating of the top 5% of 500 S2 families derived from each MYS population, test‐crossed and evaluated across moisture regimes. C1 was advanced to the next two cycles (C2 and C3) by intermating the top 5% selected individuals with high genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for grain yield under drought and waterlogging stress. To estimate genetic gains, population bulks from each cycle were test‐crossed and evaluated across locations under different moisture regimes. Results indicated that the realised genetic gain under drought stress was 0.110 t ha−1 yr−1 and 0.135 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively, for MYS‐1 and MYS‐2. The gain was less under waterlogging stress, where MYS‐1 showed 0.038 t ha−1 yr−1 and MYS‐2 reached 0.113 t ha−1 yr−1. Genomic selection for drought and waterlogging tolerance resulted in no yield penalty under optimal moisture conditions. The genetic diversity of the two populations did not change significantly after two cycles of GS, suggesting that RC‐GS can be an effective breeding strategy to achieve high genetic gains without losing genetic diversity.
Ecological Hope
Authors: Northcott Michael S.
Published: July 2020

Horkeimer and Adorno, and later Lynn White Jr, blame the anti-animist strain in Western Christianity, its origination of the scientific and industrial revolutions, and the European Enlightenment, as the cultural roots of the ecological crisis. But evidence shows there is no necessary connection between animism and care for other kind. I propose that a more fruitful approach is to reconsider the post-Reformation and scientific eschewal of agency in nonhuman beings and ecosystems such as forests, rivers, and the oceans. Rediscovering the “agency of the others” is also essential as a means to resolve the ecological crisis, since humans alone cannot restore or “save” the Earth from the systemic effects of 200 years of industrial pollution and destruction of resilient biodiverse habitats. Christian eschatological hope has valuable resources for this approach including evidence that in the lives of the saints new friendships were formed between humans and other animals. Analogously, recent developments in ecological restoration and “rewilding” indicate a new peaceable partnership between humans and other kind and, in the light of Christian messianism, and the “theory of hope,” may be said to anticipate a wider ecological reconciliation between humans and other kind.
Post-Kantian to Postmodern Considerations of (Theological) Hope
Authors: Michener Ronald T.
Published: July 2020

Hope found in the rational, empirical, epistemological optimism of Enlightenment-based modernism attempted to detach itself from its religious, Christian roots. This chapter will focus on post-Kantian and postmodern sensibilities that reject the modernist “myth of neutrality” and return to the theological roots of hope, even when for some, particular theological or Christian beliefs are renounced. To consider this, the chapter will highlight themes of hope found in precursors to postmodern thought: Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Marcel. Next, it will turn to the postmodern Derridean hope of John D. Caputo and offer a glimpse of the pragmatic hope of Richard Rorty. This will be followed by a consideration of James K.A. Smith’s critique of Caputo and Rorty, and his proposal for a phenomenological, determined hope.
The Psychology of Hope: A Diagnostic and Prescriptive Account
Authors: Scioli Anthony
Published: July 2020

In this chapter, I review psychology’s contributions to the study of hope. To close potential gaps in this interdisciplinary volume, I include work in psychiatry and nursing. The nearly 400-year history of psychological reflections on hope reveals extended stretches of neglect, alternating with brief flashes of interest. Shifting scientific paradigms are partly to blame. However, I suggest that the greatest challenge for investigators seeking scientific consensus on the topic may be cultural and sociopolitical. I begin with a review of the most significant writings and research on hope, dating back to the seventeenth century. I examine goal-related approaches in greater depth, due to their strong influence on the field of psychology. The latter half of this chapter is more critical and prescriptive. For a deeper commentary, I rely on Markus’s (Meas Interdisciplinary Res Perspect 6:54–77, 2008) distinction between constructs and concepts as well as Danziger’s (Naming the mind: How psychology found its language. Sage Publications, 1997) observation on how psychology found its lexicon. This middle, diagnostic section includes a review of philosophy of science criteria for evaluating theories. I transition to general prescriptions for achieving a better understanding of hope, organized around Bacon’s “four idols” of the mind, and add specific suggestions for future research. I conclude with a summary of recent work within our hope lab.
Isolated high tibial osteotomy is appropriate in less than two-thirds of varus knees if excessive overcorrection of the medial proximal tibial angle should be avoided
Authors: Feucht Matthias J. , Winkler Philipp W. , Mehl Julian , Bode Gerrit , Forkel Philipp , Imhoff Andreas B. , Lutz Patricia M.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

To perform a detailed deformity analysis of patients with varus alignment and to define the ideal osteotomy level (tibial vs. femoral vs. double level) to avoid an oblique joint line.

Methods

A total of 303 digital full-leg standing radiographs of patients aged 18–60 years and varus alignment [mechanical tibiofemoral varus angle (mFTA) ≥ 3°] were included. All legs were analyzed regarding mFTA, mechanical medial proximal tibia angle (mMPTA), mechanical lateral distal femur angle (mLDFA), and joint line convergence angle. Based on mFTA, varus alignment was categorized as “mild” (3°–5°), “moderate” (6°–8°), or “severe” (≥ 9°). Deformity location was determined according to the malalignment test described by Paley. Two osteotomy simulations were performed with different upper limits for mMPTA: anatomic correction (mMPTA ≤ 90°, mLDFA ≥ 85°) and overcorrection (mMPTA ≤ 95°, mLDFA ≥ 85°). If a single osteotomy exceeded these limits at the intended mFTA of 2° valgus, a double-level osteotomy was simulated. If even a double-level osteotomy resulted in deviations from the defined limits, the leg was categorized as “uncorrectable”.

Results

Mean mFTA was 6° ± 11° of varus (range 3°–15°). A tibial deformity was observed in 28%, a femoral deformity in 23%, a combined tibial and femoral deformity in 4%, and no bony deformity in 45%. The prevalence of a tibial deformity did not differ between varus severity groups, whereas a femoral and bifocal deformity was significantly more prevalent in knees with more distinct varus (p < 0.001). Osteotomy simulation revealed that isolated high tibial osteotomy (HTO) was appropriate in only 12% for anatomic correction, whereas a double-level osteotomy was necessary in 63%. If overcorrection of mMPTA was tolerated, the number of HTOs significantly increased to 57% (p < 0.001), whereas the number of double-level osteotomies significantly decreased to 33% (p < 0.001). Isolated DFO was considered ideal in 8% for both simulations. Significantly more knees were considered “uncorrectable” by simulating anatomic correction (18 vs. 2%;p < 0.001). A double-level osteotomy was significantly more often necessary in knees with “severe” varus (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Less than one-third of patients (28%) with mechanical varus ≥ 3° have a tibial deformity. If anatomic correction (mMPTA ≤ 90°) is intended, only 12% of patients can be corrected via isolated HTO, whereas 63% of patients require a double-level osteotomy. If slight overcorrection is accepted (mMPTA ≤ 95°), 57% of patients can be corrected via isolated HTO, whereas 33% of patients would still require a double-level osteotomy.

Level of evidence

III, cross-sectional study.
A six-gene expression signature related to angiolymphatic invasion is associated with poor survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Metzger Karl , Moratin Julius , Freier Kolja , Hoffmann Jürgen , Zaoui Karim , Plath Michaela , Stögbauer Fabian , Freudlsperger Christian , Hess Jochen , Horn Dominik
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Angiolymphatic invasion serves as a histopathological risk factor for unfavorable survival in head and neck squamous cell carinoma. The aim of the study was to explore  the molecular mechanisms characterizing angiolymphatic invasion and therefore identify a gene expression signature related to angiolymphatic invasion.

Methods

Gene expression analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was carried out based on clinical and whole genome expression data provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas. Results were validated in an independent cohort of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining.

Results

A gene expression signature consisting of six genes (SHH, SLC18A3, LCE3E, LCE2B, LCE3D and DSG-1) related to angiolymphatic invasion was identified. The gene expression profile identified a subset of patients with decreased overall survival (p = 0.02, log rank test), which was most prominent for patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.004, log rank test). Furthermore, these patients showed a significant shorter progression-free survival (p = 0.002, log rank test). By use of this gene expression signature, patients at high risk of recurrence could be identified even if morphological changes were not yet recognizable.

Conclusion

Angiolymphatic invasion is characterized by a distinct histopathological phenotype and specific gene expression signature. The newly identified signature might serve as a reliable predictor of outcome in laryngeal cancer and add additional benefit to histopathological evaluation.
Constructions, their families and their neighborhoods: the case of durak durakom ‘a fool times two’
Authors: Janda Laura A. , Kopotev Mihail , Nesset Tore
Published: July 2020

On the basis of data from the Russian National Corpus, we analyze the meanings and structure of the syntactic construction observed in phrases likedurak durakom‘fool-nom.sgfool-ins.sg’, which we term the ‘NOM∼INS construction’. We argue that the construction constitutes a network of three closely related subcategories, which we refer to as ‘Extreme’, ‘Paragon’ and ‘Discourse Change’. It is furthermore shown that a diachronic change has taken place, whereby Discourse Change has overtaken Extreme as the dominant subcategory. Our analysis provides ample evidence for the main tenets of Construction Grammar, namely that a language is a network of related constructions, that meaning is often not compositional, that there is a continuum from idiomatic to schematic uses of constructions, and that constructions evolve over time.
Clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention for early versus late and very late stent thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yi-Xing , Liu Yin , Li Xiao-Wei , Lu Peng-Ju , Wang Jiao , Li Chang-Ping , Gao Jing
Published: July 2020

Whether the clinical outcomes of stent thrombosis (ST) are different when stratified by time of occurrence remains unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the short- and long-term clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for early stent thrombosis (EST) versus late stent thrombosis (LST) and very late stent thrombosis (VLST). We enrolled eligible studies searched from the main electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane). The primary endpoints were in-hospital, 30-day, 1-year and long-term mortality. The secondary endpoints included recurrent stent thrombosis (RST) and target vessel/lesion revascularization (TVR/TLR) during hospitalization, at 30 days, at 1 year and at long-term follow-up. A total of 23 studies with 17,592 patients were included. Compared with mortality rates of the late and very late thrombosis (LST/VLST) group, in-hospital (P = 0.004), 30-day (P < 0.00001), 1-year (P < 0.00001) and long-term mortality rates (P = 0.04) were significantly higher in the EST group. The in-hospital TVR/TLR rates were similar between the EST group and the LST/VLST group. However, a higher trend in TVR/TLR rate at 30 days and a significantly higher TVR/TLR rate at 1 year (P = 0.002) as well as at long-term follow up (P = 0.009) were found in the EST group. EST patients also trended toward higher risk of RST in both short- and long-term follow-up than LST/VLST patients, although differences were not statistically significant. After PCI treatment, patients with EST have worse clinical outcomes in both short- and long-term follow-up than patients with LST/VLST. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal treatment strategies for EST.
Numerical solution of a class of third order tensor linear equations
Authors: Simoncini V.
Published: July 2020

We propose a new dense method for determining the numerical solution to a class of third order tensor linear equations. The approach does not require the use of the coefficient matrix in Kronecker form, thus it allows the treatment of structured very large problems. A particular version of the method for symmetric matrices is also discussed. Numerical experiments illustrate the properties of the proposed algorithm.
Therapy of allergic rhinitis in routine care: evidence-based benefit assessment of freely combined use of various active ingredients
Authors: Klimek Ludger , Casper Ingrid , Bergmann Karl-Christian , Biedermann Tilo , Bousquet Jean , Hellings Peter , Jung Kirsten , Merk Hans , Olze Heidi , Mösges Ralph , Schlenter Wolfgang , Gröger Moritz , Ring Johannes , Chaker Adam , Pfaar Oliver , Wehrmann Wolfgang , Zuberbier Torsten , Becker Sven
Published: July 2020

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) continues to increase in incidence and is the most common allergic disease. If abstention of the allergen triggering substances is not possible, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) as causal treatment or a drug therapy with mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines (AHs), glucocorticoids (GCs), leukotriene (LT) receptor antagonists and decongestants is indicated. Despite these diverse therapeutic options, studies on the real-life care situation of patients with AR regularly show that a considerable proportion of patients do not feel adequately treated with monotherapy of the usual drugs and therefore use several preparations with different active ingredients simultaneously and in various combinations. However, such parallel applications of several active ingredients are normally not tested in approval studies and therefore carry a potential risk of side effects or lack of efficacy.

Methods

For the present publication, a focused literature search in PubMed, Livivo and on the World Wide Web for the previous 20 years (period 01/1999 to 01/2020) was carried out. This literature search included original and review articles in German or English. A further analysis of current publications was also conducted for German-language journals that are not available in international literature databases.

Results

AHs and nasal GCs represent the therapeutic standard in AR. Their efficacy is well documented for several preparations. The evidence for combination therapies is documented very well for a fixed combination of azelastine and fluticasone (MP29-02). For the simultaneous use of non-fixed combined monopreparations, only a few efficacy and safety studies based on modern evidence criteria exist.

Conclusion

The free combination therapies of mast cell stabilizers, decongestants, AHs and nasal GCs, frequently used in the routine care of patients with AR, cannot be recommended because they are not evidence-based. Due to the fact that over-the-counter antiallergic drugs are not reimbursable in Germany, there is no medical supervision of the therapy. In addition, there are doubts about appropriate treatment, especially of patients with persistent rhinitis with severe symptoms, as these patients often use several preparations at the same time to alleviate their symptoms.
A Critical Review on the Ubiquitous Role of Filamentous Fungi in Pollution Mitigation
Authors: Ferreira Jorge A. , Varjani Sunita , Taherzadeh Mohammad J.
Published: July 2020

Propose of Review

Anthropogenic activities are saturating wastewater treatment plants and the environment with an increasing range of organic and inorganic compounds, impairing ecosystems and health. Filamentous fungi, with characteristic filamentous growth, array of extracellular and intracellular enzymes, production of surfactants, cell wall biosorption properties, and symbiotic momentum, can contribute to a paradigm shift on the perception of anthropogenic pollution. This review provides a critical analysis of the main bottlenecks for feasible filamentous fungus-including processes and proposes a holistic approach for pollution mitigation using filamentous fungi.

Recent Findings

Filamentous fungi can convert ordinary sidestreams into, e.g., feed proteins and biofuels. Economic and environmental studies support integration in established processes. Intersectoral initiatives, and economic and environmental studies, need to be motivated to increase the range of processes. Although massively studied, the transfer of fungal processes for the removal of micropollutants into real matrices is difficult. It needs to be supported by omics technologies for the study of microbial networks, and by efficient analytical techniques to clarify detoxification potential. The area can benefit from knowledge integration from fungal growth in ordinary sidestreams, and from economic and environmental studies.

The interest in filamentous fungi for pollution mitigation is corroborated by an overwhelming amount of research; however, no full-scale applications are currently known. Environmental pollution is a reality and production of ordinary sidestreams and micropollutant-rich wastewaters continuous. The establishment of filamentous fungal processes needs collaboration among governmental authorities, industries, and academics in order to tackle knowledge gaps within the area and propose a holistic approach.
Effect of titanium oxide addition on magnesia refractories
Authors: Kusiorowski Robert
Published: July 2020

This work contains the results of investigations into the influence of titanium oxide (TiO2) addition on the properties of refractory magnesia ceramics. The presented research involved adding titanium oxide in a classic way, i.e. directly to the ceramic mix. The conducted laboratory tests revealed a significant impact of this oxide on the properties of refractory materials. Addition of a small amount of TiO2 favoured the ceramic mix sintering whereas adding a bigger amount—more than 10 wt% resulted in the formation of refractories characterised by considerable porosity and low mechanical strength. Addition of this oxide also slightly improves the corrosive resistance of refractories.
Long-Term Prospects for Landscape Mitigation Programs
Authors: Schlanger Sarah H. , Larralde Signa , Stein Martin
Published: July 2020

The alternative mitigation program that the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) established in 2008 to address impacts to the archaeological resources in the Permian Basin of southeastern New Mexico, now one of the most active of the nation's oil and gas energy fields, has supported more than $10 million in field research programs and is poised to be able to fund about $1 million in field research annually for the foreseeable future. The financial success of the program is mirrored by the program's outstanding contributions to our understanding of the Permian Basin's long and complex history of human occupation. Surprisingly, although other public lands under the auspices of the BLM are seeing similar rates of energy development, the critical elements of this program have not been picked up elsewhere in the BLM. The Permian Basin program appears doomed to be an example of a “one-off” alternative mitigation solution. The factors barring more widespread adoption include the ebb and flow of energy production activity, complications arising from mixed land status and the ability to work across jurisdictional boundaries, hesitation to change procedures that are working adequately for the time being, and a lack of capacity to institute systemic change.
The gender-neutral bathroom: a new frame and some nudges
Authors: BOVENS LUC , MARCOCI ALEXANDRU
Published: July 2020

Gender-neutral bathrooms are usually framed as an accommodation for trans and other gender-nonconforming individuals. In this paper, we show that the benefits of gender-neutral bathrooms are much broader. First, our simulations show that gender-neutral bathrooms reduce average waiting times: while waiting times for women go down invariably, waiting times for men either go down or slightly increase depending on usage intensity, occupancy-time differentials and the presence of urinals. Second, our result can be turned on its head: firms have an opportunity to reduce the number of facilities and cut costs by making them all gender-neutral without increasing waiting times. These observations can be used to reframe the gender-neutral bathrooms debate so that they appeal to a larger constituency, cutting across the usual dividing lines in the ‘bathroom wars’. Finally, there are improved designs and behavioural strategies that can help overcome resistance. We explore what strategies can be invoked to mitigate the objections that gender-neutral bathrooms (1) are unsafe, (2) elicit discomfort and (3) are unhygienic.
Overlapping Histories, Co-produced Concepts: Imperialism in Chinese Eyes
Authors: Jenco Leigh K. , Chappell Jonathan
Published: July 2020

Many historians of China, particularly those based in North America, insist that the Qing dynasty's territorial expansion was imperial and comparable to the imperial expansions of other global empires. Other historians, particularly but not only those based in the People's Republic of China, continue to resist this interpretation. They argue that dynastic expansion in the Ming and Qing periods was simply a form of nation-state building, akin to similar processes in Europe. Rather than rejecting their claims as a product of Chinese nationalism, we argue that the term “empire” should be (re)understood as a global co-production, emerging from multiple intersecting histories and scholarly debates about those histories. Doing so challenges influential definitions of empire that rely on a distinction between empires and nation-states, highlighting their dual presence in both Euro-American and Chinese pasts (and presents). This move demands a rejection of periodizations that suggest that empires ceased to exist following the period of decolonization from 1945 to the 1970s. This opens up new avenues of historical and normative inquiry to acknowledge the modern continuity between empires and nation-states.
Translating and Transliterating Marxism in Indonesia
Authors: CRAWFORD OLIVER
Published: July 2020

In the 1910s and 1920s, when Indonesian communists first seriously engaged with Marxism, they faced the questions of how to translate Marx's concepts from Dutch, the language in which they generally encountered them, into Malay, the lingua franca of the Indonesian archipelago, and how to make these ideas relevant in an Asian and largely Islamic context. Focusing on three aspects of Marxism—the ‘scientific’ nature of communism, class conflict in feudal and capitalist society, and the relationship between communism and Islam—I argue that Indonesian communists alternated between transliteration and translation in their exposition of Marxism. Transliterating ‘universal’ Marxist categories such as proletarian (proletar) and capitalism (kapitalisme) allowed Indonesian communists to speak in global terms and strengthened their claim that Marxism was a science with a universal terminology. At the same time, there was a process of ‘localization’, whereby foreign Marxist materials were translated to bring them closer to local cultural norms. Malay substitutes were found for Marx's typology of classes and historical eras, while Arabic terms associated with Islam were used to add a moral dimension to the Marxist critique of capitalism. These translations grounded Marxism in Islam and Indonesian history, but also elevated vernacular terms to universal status by eliding them with Marx's categories. The resulting style of Indonesian Marxism was multilingual. From the 1930s, however, Indonesian nationalists consciously moved away from transliteration, devising a more thoroughly Indonesian political vocabulary to replace Marx's terms, though one still clearly influenced by Marxism.
Collaboration applications for mixed home care — A systematic review of evaluations and outcomes
Authors: Renyi Madeleine , Lindwedel-Reime Ulrike , Blattert Lisa , Teuteberg Frank , Kunze Christophe
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Mixed home care, in which informal and professional actors work closely together, contributes significantly to ensuring home care up to old age. In this context, collaboration applications can considerably enhance the interactions among caregivers. However, although much research is conducted on need and requirement analyses of such applications, little is known about their introduction and use in care models. The purpose of this contribution is to identify studies that evaluate collaboration applications for mixed home care and compare their outcomes.

Methods

To identify literature on mixed home care collaboration applications (mHCA) and their evaluation, a systematic literature review was conducted in five bibliographic databases covering the years 2008 through 2019. The results were supplemented by a search in the meta-database Google Scholar. The evaluation approaches of the studies were analyzed and results compared by using the NASSS framework. Finally, a context concretized model was derived which summarizes interrelations.

Results

Twelve qualitative studies evaluating eleven applications could be identified. They report on increased competency in self-management, psychological relatedness, involvement, and understanding. However, most studies conclude that large scale platform tests are still needed to prove significant changes in care processes, communication, or organization.

Conclusion

Among other things, their implementation is rather difficult due to the specifics of the target group. To enable a more targeted and successful implementation, it might be helpful to classify care networks beforehand and assess their communication behavior and needs. To prove the added value of mHCAs standardized assessment tools should be used.
Impact of protein-losing enteropathy in children who underwent the Fontan operation
Authors: Alkofair Baneen , Alruwaili Abdulmajeed , Gai Jiaxiang , Harahsheh Ashraf S.
Published: July 2020

Previous reports have identified risk factors associated with development of post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy. Less is known about the economic impact and resource utilisation required for post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy in the current era. We conducted a single-centre retrospective study to assess the impact of post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy on transplant-free survival. We also described resource utilisation and treatment variations among post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy patients. Children who received care at our centre between 2009 and 2017 after the Fontan surgery were eligible. Initial admissions for the Fontan operative procedure were excluded. Demographics, hospital admissions, resource utilisation, medications and charges were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy. Of the 343 patients screened, 147 met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 28 (19%) developed protein-losing enteropathy. After adjusting for follow-up duration, the protein-losing enteropathy group had higher number of encounters (2.15 ± 2.16 versus 1.47 ± 2.56, p 0.002), hospital length of stay (days) (25 ± 51.3 versus 11.4 ± 41.7, p < 0.0001) and total charges (2018US$) (388,489 ± 759,859 versus 202,725 ± 1,076,625, p < 0.0001). Encounters for patients with protein-losing enteropathy utilised more therapies. Among those with protein-losing enteropathy, use of digoxin was associated with slightly decreased odds for mortality and/or transplant (0.95, confidence interval 0.90–0.99, p 0.021). The 10-year transplant-free survival for patients with/without protein-losing enteropathy was 65.7/97.3% (p 0.002), respectively. Post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy is associated with reduced 10-year transplant-free survival, higher resource utilisation, charges and medication use compared with the non-protein-losing enteropathy group. Practice variation among post-Fontan protein-losing-enteropathy patients is common. Further larger studies are needed to assess the impact of standardisation on the well-being of children with post-Fontan protein-losing enteropathy.
QT interval evaluation associated with the use of hydroxychloroquine with combined use of azithromycin among hospitalised children positive for coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Tuncer Tunc , Karaci Mehmet , Boga Aysun , Durmaz Hilal , Guven Sirin
Published: July 2020

Introduction and aim:

Hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin has been increasingly used for patients with coronavirus disease 2019, in both children and adults. Drugs are generally well tolerated in clinical practice; however, both can cause corrected QT prolongation. We aimed to report our experience of QT interval evaluation associated with the use of hydroxychloroquine with concurrent azithromycin among children testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019.

Methods:

Our single-centre; retrospective, study evaluated children with coronavirus disease 2019 disease admitted to the Pediatric Department at Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital Istanbul, Turkey from 10 March, 2020 to 10 April, 2020. The data including demographics, clinical symptoms, co-morbid diseases, laboratory, radiological findings as well as electrocardiographs of the patients were obtained from our records. Electrocardiograms were evaluated before, one day after and at the termination of the treatment.

Results:

21 patients aged 9 to 18 years were evaluated. The median age was 170 months (range 112–214), 51.1% of them were girls and 48.9% were boys. Their laboratory results did not reveal any abnormalities. None of them needed intensive care. We did not detect QT prolongation during or at the termination of the treatment.

Conclusion:

We did not detect QT prolongation during or at the termination of the treatment in our patients due to the fact that they were not severely affected by the disease. Patients were treated in our inpatient clinic and none of them required intensive care. Laboratory results were also insignificant. Furthermore, they did not need other medications.
Conceptualizing Criminal Governance
Authors: Lessing Benjamin
Published: July 2020

In informal urban areas throughout the developing world, and even in some US and UK neighborhoods, tens if not hundreds of millions of people live under some form of criminal governance. For them, states’ claims of a monopoly on the use of force ring hollow; for many issues, a local criminal organization is the relevant authority. Yet the state is far from absent: residents may pay taxes, vote, and even inform on gangs as punishment for abusive behavior. Criminal governance flourishes in pockets of low state presence, but ones that states can generally enter at will, if not always without violence. It thus differs from state, corporate, and rebel governance because it is embedded within larger domains of state power. I develop a conceptual framework centered around the who, what, and how of criminal governance, organizing extant research and proposing a novel dimension: charismatic versus rational-bureaucratic forms of criminal authority. I then delineate the logics that may drive criminal organizations to provide governance for non-members, establishing building blocks for future theory-building and -testing. Finally, I explore how criminal governance intersects with the state, refining the concept of crime–state “symbiosis” and distinguishing it from neighboring concepts in organized-crime and drug-violence scholarship.
Reactivated Visual Masks Do Not Disrupt Serial Recall
Authors: Bartsch Lea M. , Oberauer Klaus
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The process of spontaneous refreshing plays a central role in current models of working memory but is yet to be observed directly. In a recent study, Rey, Versace, and Plancher (2018) introduced a novel approach to investigate the mechanisms underlying refreshing: They presented tones previously associated with a visual mask during the free time of a complex span task and found that this impaired memory, presumably because reactivation of the masks disrupts refreshing. Here, we aimed to replicate their finding under more controlled settings with more observations per participant. We failed to replicate the previous findings, thereby questioning the robustness of the original effect.
Pyrocumulonimbus Stratospheric Plume Injections Measured by the ACE‐FTS
Authors: Boone C. D. , Bernath P. F. , Fromm M. D.
Published: July 2020

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is a satellite‐based mission that probes Earth's atmosphere via solar occultation. The primary instrument on board is a high‐resolution infrared Fourier transform spectrometer (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer, ACE‐FTS), providing altitude‐resolved volume mixing ratio measurements for numerous atmospheric constituents, including many biomass burning products. The ACE mission has observed the aftermath of three major pyrocumulonimbus events, in which extreme heat from intense fires created a pathway for directly injecting into the stratosphere plumes of gaseous and aerosol pollutants. These three events were associated with severe Australian bushfires from 2009 and 2019/2020, along with intense North American wildfires from summer 2017. The ACE‐FTS measured stratospheric plumes containing aerosols, enhanced levels of gaseous fire products, and tropospheric air transported into the stratosphere. Infrared spectral features indicate strikingly similar aerosol composition for all three events, characteristic of oxygenated organic matter.
Off‐Fault Damage Characterization During and After Experimental Quasi‐Static and Dynamic Rupture in Crustal Rock From Laboratory P Wave Tomography and Microstructures
Authors: Aben Franciscus M. , Brantut Nicolas , Mitchell Thomas M.
Published: July 2020

Elastic strain energy released during shear failure in rock is partially spent as fracture energy Γ to propagate the rupture further. Γ is dissipated within the rupture tip process zone, and includes energy dissipated as off‐fault damage, Γoff. Quantifying off‐fault damage formed during rupture is crucial to understand its effect on rupture dynamics and slip‐weakening processes behind the rupture tip, and its contribution to seismic radiation. Here, we quantify Γoff and associated change in off‐fault mechanical properties during and after quasi‐static and dynamic rupture. We do so by performing dynamic and quasi‐static shear failure experiments on intact Lanhélin granite under triaxial conditions. We quantify the change in elastic moduli around the fault from time‐resolved 3‐D P wave velocity tomography obtained during and after failure. We measure the off‐fault microfracture damage after failure. From the tomography, we observe a localized maximum 25% drop in P wave velocity around the shear failure interface for both quasi‐static and dynamic failure. Microfracture density data reveal a damage zone width of around 10 mm after quasi‐static failure, and 20 mm after dynamic failure. Microfracture densities obtained from P wave velocity tomography models using an effective medium approach are in good agreement with the measured off‐fault microfracture damage. Γoff obtained from off‐fault microfracture measurements is around 3 kJ m2 for quasi‐static rupture, and 5.5 kJ m2 for dynamic rupture. We argue that rupture velocity determines damage zone width for slip up to a few mm, and that shear fracture energy Γ increases with increasing rupture velocity.
A Review on Multiphase Underwater Jets and Plumes: Droplets, Hydrodynamics, and Chemistry
Authors: Boufadel Michel C. , Socolofsky Scott , Katz Joseph , Yang Di , Daskiran Cosan , Dewar William
Published: July 2020

Jets and plumes have been the focus of quantitative investigations since the mid‐1950s. These investigations intensified following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, in which thousands of tons of oil and natural gas were released into the Gulf of Mexico. This review focuses on plume dynamics that apply to both single‐phase and multiphase liquid‐in‐liquid and liquid plus gas into liquid plumes, including bubble and droplet formation, and heat and mass transfer. Broadly, our work highlights several previously unknown or overlooked aspects of multiphase flow in the deep oceans. Upstream of the jet release, multiphase hydraulics can significantly affect the turbulence, for instance, through churn flow that enhances the turbulence in the free jet, affecting the conditions where bubbles and droplets are formed. Droplet formation was a major focus recently, with experiments covering a range of scales and flow rates of oil and gas at low and high pressure. Detailed observations of droplet formation at the jet‐water boundary reveal the formation of compound droplets, which are emulsions of oil and water with implications for mass conservation and mass transfer. At the plume scale, integral models have been adapted to include the complex thermodynamics and chemistry of oil and gas plumes. In parallel, significant advances were made in numerical simulations of multiphase plumes through large eddy simulations by treating the oil and gas either a continuous or discrete phase. Through this work, a vivid picture of the complex droplet, chemical, and hydrodynamic behavior of multiphase plumes in the ocean is emerging.
Bortezomib-based induction, high-dose melphalan and lenalidomide maintenance in myeloma up to 70 years of age
Authors: Mai Elias K. , Miah Kaya , Bertsch Uta , Dürig Jan , Scheid Christof , Weisel Katja C. , Kunz Christina , Munder Markus , Lindemann Hans-Walter , Merz Maximilian , Hose Dirk , Jauch Anna , Seckinger Anja , Luntz Steffen , Sauer Sandra , Fuhrmann Stephan , Brossart Peter , Elmaagacli Ahmet , Goerner Martin , Bernhard Helga , Hoffmann Martin , Raab Marc S. , Blau Igor W. , Hänel Mathias , Benner Axel , Salwender Hans J. , Goldschmidt Hartmut ,   for the German-speaking Myeloma Multicenter Group (GMMG)
Published: July 2020

Intensive upfront therapy in newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) including induction therapy (IT), high-dose melphalan (MEL200), and autologous blood stem cell transplantation (ASCT) followed by consolidation and/or maintenance is mostly restricted to patients up to 65 years of age. Prospective phase III trial data in the era of novel agents for patients up to 70 years of age are not available. The GMMG-MM5 trial included 601 patients between 18 and 70 years of age, divided in three groups for the present analysis: ≤60 years (S1, n = 353), 61–65 years (S2, n = 107) and 66–70 years (S3, n = 141). Treatment consisted of a bortezomib-containing IT, MEL200/ASCT, consolidation, and maintenance with lenalidomide. Adherence to treatment was similar among patients of the three age groups. Overall toxicity during all treatment phases was increased in S2 and S3 compared to S1 (any adverse event/any serious adverse event: S1:81.7/41.8% vs. S2:90.7/56.5% vs. S3:87.2/68.1%, p = 0.05/<0.001). With respect to progression-free survival (log-rank p = 0.73), overall survival (log-rank p = 0.54) as well as time-to-progression (Gray’s p = 0.83) and non-relapse mortality (Gray’s p = 0.25), no differences were found between the three age groups. Our results imply that an intensive upfront therapy with a bortezomib-containing IT, MEL200/ASCT, lenalidomide consolidation, and maintenance should be applied to transplant-eligible MM patients up to 70 years of age.
Multidimensional synthetic chiral-tube lattices via nonlinear frequency conversion
Authors: Wang Kai , Bell Bryn A. , Solntsev Alexander S. , Neshev Dragomir N. , Eggleton Benjamin J. , Sukhorukov Andrey A.
Published: July 2020

Geometrical dimensionality plays a fundamentally important role in the topological effects arising in discrete lattices. Although direct experiments are limited by three spatial dimensions, the research topic of synthetic dimensions implemented by the frequency degree of freedom in photonics is rapidly advancing. The manipulation of light in these artificial lattices is typically realized through electro-optic modulation; yet, their operating bandwidth imposes practical constraints on the range of interactions between different frequency components. Here we propose and experimentally realize all-optical synthetic dimensions involving specially tailored simultaneous short- and long-range interactions between discrete spectral lines mediated by frequency conversion in a nonlinear waveguide. We realize triangular chiral-tube lattices in three-dimensional space and explore their four-dimensional generalization. We implement a synthetic gauge field with nonzero magnetic flux and observe the associated multidimensional dynamics of frequency combs, all within one physical spatial port. We anticipate that our method will provide a new means for the fundamental study of high-dimensional physics and act as an important step towards using topological effects in optical devices operating in the time and frequency domains.
Author Correction: Coevolutionary search for optimal materials in the space of all possible compounds
Authors: Allahyari Zahed , Oganov Artem R.
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Antibody responses to the RTS,S/AS01E vaccine and Plasmodium falciparum antigens after a booster dose within the phase 3 trial in Mozambique
Authors: Sánchez Lina , Vidal Marta , Jairoce Chenjerai , Aguilar Ruth , Ubillos Itziar , Cuamba Inocencia , Nhabomba Augusto J. , Williams Nana Aba , Díez-Padrisa Núria , Cavanagh David , Angov Evelina , Coppel Ross L. , Gaur Deepak , Beeson James G. , Dutta Sheetij , Aide Pedro , Campo Joseph J. , Moncunill Gemma , Dobaño Carlota
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.