bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood pressure—lowering medication prescribing, its adherence to guidelines and relationship with blood pressure control at a family medicine department
Authors: Harrison Mark Amankwa , Marfo Afia F. A. , Buabeng Kwame O. , Annan Augustine , Nelson Frempomaa , Boateng Dorcas P. , Nkansah Florence A. , Owusu Aboagye Grace , Ankrah Daniel
Published: April 2023

Background

In many resource‐constrained countries, control of blood pressure (BP) is low. Antihypertensive drug prescribing practices may influence BP control. However, adherence of prescribing to treatment guidelines may not be optimal in resource‐constrained settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of blood pressure‐lowering medication prescribing, and how it adheres to treatment guidelines, and to identify the relationship between medication prescriptions and BP control.

Methods

It was a cross‐sectional study of hypertensive outpatients at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) Family Medicine department (FMD)/Polyclinic. Data was collected with a validated structured form. Adherence of “prescribing” to recommendations of the 2017 Standard Treatment Guidelines of Ghana and 2018 European Society of Cardiology guidelines was assessed using a composite measure. We analyzed data with SPSS.

Results

About 81% (247/304) of patients received two or more antihypertensive drugs. Most patients (41%; 267/651) received calcium channel blockers (CCB), and 21.8% (142/651), 15.7% (102/651) and 12.7% (83/651) were on diuretics, angiotensin‐receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors respectively. CCB plus RAS inhibitor (50%) was the most prescribed two‐drug combination. Number of BP drugs per patient had a statistically significant inverse relationship with BP control (beta Coefficient = –0.402; 95% Cl: 1.252–2.470; p = 0.015). The composite adherence score was 0.73 (moderate adherence) but Single‐pill combination (SPC) was poor (3.2%; n = 8).

Conclusion

Most patients received multiple‐pill combination treatment, and overall adherence to guidelines was suboptimal, largely owing to complex drug therapy. Number of drugs predicted BP control. Our findings suggest a need to prioritize simplified treatment, and implement other strategies to improve hypertension guideline adherence. Further research on the influence of SPC on BP control may inform future hypertension guidelines in Ghana and elsewhere in Africa.
Primary human osteoblast and mesenchymal stem cell responses to apatite/tricalcium phosphate bone cement modified with polyacrylic acid and bioactive glass
Authors: Thaitalay Paritat , Thongsri Oranich , Dangviriyakul Rawee , Srisuwan Sawitri , Carney Louise , Gough Julie Elizabeth , Rattanachan Sirirat Tubsungnoen
Published: April 2023

In this work, three different modified cements, control apatite/beta‐tricalcium phosphate cement (CPC), polymeric CPC (p‐CPC), and bioactive glass added polymeric cement (p‐CPC/BG) were evaluated regarding their physical properties and the responses of primary human osteoblast cells (HObs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although polyacrylic acid (PAA) increased compressive strength and Young's modulus of the cement, it could cause poor apatite phase formation, a prolonged setting time, and a lower degradation rate. Consequently, bioactive glass (BG) was added to PAA/cement to improve its physical properties, such as compressive strength, Young's modulus, setting time, and degradation. For in vitro testing, HObs viability was assessed under two culture systems with cement‐preconditioned medium (indirect) and with cement (direct). HObs viability was examined in direct contact with cements treated by different prewashing conditions. HObs presented a more well spread morphology on cement soaked in medium overnight, as compared to other cements with no treatment and washing in PBS. In addition, the proliferation, differentiation, and total collagen production of both HObs and MSCs adhered to the cement were detected. Cells showed excellent proliferation on PAA/cement and PAA/BG/cement. Furthermore, the higher released Si ion and lower acidosis of PAA/BG/cement‐conditioned medium resulted in an increase in osteogenic differentiation (HObs and MSCs) and enhanced collagen production (HObs in osteogenic medium and MSCs in control medium). Therefore, our findings suggest that BG incorporated PAA/apatite/β‐TCP cement could be a promising formula for bone repair applications.
Investigations on membrane performance for coconut water concentration under pressure and by osmotically driven process
Authors: Liew Zhen‐Shen , Ho Yeek‐Chia , Lau Woei Jye , Youravong Wirote , Sirinupong Tippawan , Liang Yong Yeow
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Coconut water has grown in popularity among people as a ready‐to‐drink healthy beverage. Nevertheless, its future export expansion is restricted by high operating costs as large volumes of coconut water have to be handled during exporting and for its storage. Besides, large coconut water volumes also consume high energy during the pasteurization/sterilization process. Thus, in this work, we evaluated the potential of employing polymeric membranes for the concentration of coconut water at room temperature via either a pressure‐driven or osmotically driven process.

RESULTS

Our results indicated that the membrane that was tested under reverse osmosis (RO) mode at 25 bar could significantly concentrate coconut water by reducing its original volume by up to half, with negligible loss of ions/minerals. Upon completion of the RO process, Brix and conductivity of the coconut water were increased by 90% and 61.4%, respectively. As a comparison, the membrane tested under pressure‐retarded osmosis (PRO) mode was only able to reduce the volume of coconut water by ~12%. Although coconut water concentration via PRO operation does not require an external driving force, this process suffers from several significant drawbacks, including reverse draw solute flux and the requirement for draw solution generation.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the RO membrane process is still the most reliable and practical method of concentrating fruit juice, and its performance could be further enhanced using a high‐flux polymeric membrane or through process optimization. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Cypermethrin insecticide detection by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Puente Carlos , Pineda Nayely , López Israel
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

The common practice worldwide to get rid of unwanted crawling and flying insects using commercially available insecticides represents a potential danger of leakage of containers, and pollution of water and soil that can harm both target and non‐target species. Cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, is one of the most widely used household broad‐spectrum insecticides.

RESULTS

Silver nanosphere (AgNS)‐, triangular nanoplate (AgNT)‐ and nanodecahedra (AgND)‐based substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) were tested, showing that AgND led to high detection sensitivity of cypermethrin with no previous sample treatment, even at low laser power (0.1 mW). Also, reproducibility tests were carried out with one substrate as well as with different substrates.

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed that AgND substrates are sufficiently sensitive to detect cypermethrin by SERS using a 780 nm laser, in a complex matrix with no photo‐bleaching and without the need for sample treatment. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Fluidised bed gasification of biomasses and wastes to produce hydrogen‐rich syn‐gas – a review
Authors: Zaccariello Lucio , Montagnaro Fabio
Published: April 2023

The sustainable fulfilment of world energy demand should be based on the diversification of the energetic portfolio and, at the same time, on the decrease of the use of fossil fuels in favour of renewable energy sources. This perspective review article focuses its attention on a particular source of renewable energy, i.e. biomass. As non‐fossil materials of natural origin, biomasses are formed by storing, in the noble and stable form of chemical bonds, solar energy. Gasification has been here chosen as biomass thermoconversion route: general concepts and history, chemical reactions and uses of syn‐gas, and the role of tar, are addressed. Fluidised beds are discussed as reactors to carry out biomass gasification, also considering that a new approach based on dual interconnected fluidised bed schemes can realise the concept of sorption‐enhanced gasification (to increase H2 productivity). Syn‐gas and tar characteristics are presented and, finally, an original case study concerning the fluidised bed gasification of civil and industrial sludges is presented. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Seasonal changes in blood rheology in little ground squirrels
Authors: Katiukhin Lev Nikolaevich , Chalabov Shamil Ismailovich , Bekshokov Kerim Sultanbekovich , Pokhmelnova Marya Sergeevna , Klichkhanov Nisred Kadirovich , Nikitina Elena Romanovna
Published: April 2023

The annual cycle of small ground squirrels (Spermophilus pygmaeus) consists of 2 periods: wakefulness (spring−autumn) and hibernation (winter). During the active period, ground squirrels breed (spring), accumulate fat reserves (summer) and prepare for hibernation (autumn). We suppose that the rheological properties of blood and the deformability of erythrocytes can change in different seasons of the animal's wakefulness period to adequately provide tissues with oxygen. The aim of this study was to identify possible adaptive changes in erythrocyte deformability and erythrocyte indices in ground squirrels during their active period. The deformability of erythrocytes was studied by ektacytometry in an osmotic gradient. It was found that in spring, after the arousal of ground squirrels, erythrocytes have the highest deformability (El_max), hydration (O_hyper), water permeability (El_min) and osmotic stability (∆O). In summer, compared with spring, the deformability of erythrocytes decreases, and the average volume of erythrocytes (MCV) also decreases. In autumn, before hibernation, the integral deformability of erythrocytes, their hydration, as well as the range of osmotic stability of erythrocytes increases relative to the summer period. In summer and autumn, in contrast to spring, the average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCHC) increases. At low shear stress (1 Pa) in summer and autumn, osmoscan becomes a pronounced polymodal form, indicating a change in the viscoelastic properties of ground squirrel erythrocyte membranes. Thus, for the first time, we discovered seasonal variability in the deformability of ground squirrel erythrocytes, which is consistent with the spring‐summer activity of animals and preparation for hibernation.
Extreme temperatures detection and attribution related to external forcing in Madagascar
Authors: Randriamarolaza Luc Yannick Andréas , Aguilar Enric , Skrynyk Oleg
Published: April 2023

In this article, we use standard extreme temperature indices to detect and attribute external forcing in Madagascar. These indices are calculated from observations and multi‐model ensemble mean responses on anthropogenic‐plus‐natural (ALL), greenhouse gases (GHG), natural (NAT) and anthropogenic (ANT) which are subtracted from ALL and NAT forcings over 1950–2018. Correlation analysis emphasizes that the observed changes are more influenced by ENSO events, especially in minimum temperature. The observed changes are regressed or combined with model simulations from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project (CMIP6) to assess human impacts in indices. CMIP6 models with ALL, GHG and ANT forcings correspond well with the observations for the frequency indices than the intensity indices. Moreover, decadal trends indicate the existence of anthropogenic warming according to observations and multi‐model ensembles with ALL, GHG and ANT forcings. Detection and attribution parties identify and justify the causes of the observed changes. We do this by performing the single‐signal and two‐signal analysis using the Regularized Optimal Fingerprinting (ROF) method with Total Least Square (TLS) regression. We estimate internal climate variability by means of control model simulations. As a result, we note an inconsistency in the warming trend with the NAT forcing. The influence of ALL, GHG and ANT forcings is detectable for standard extreme temperature indices between 1950 and 2018. Nearly, observed changes are attributed to GHG and ANT forcings except for coldest night and warm nights in Madagascar.
Non‐conventional starches isolated from agronomic‐improved beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): a study of their structure and physicochemical properties
Authors: Nagai Nadia Florencia , Andrés Silvina Cecilia
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Non‐conventional starch sources are promising alternative food ingredients. Different bean varieties with agronomic improvements are constantly being developed and cultivated in the Northwestern Argentinean region (NOA) to increase yields and obtain high‐quality seeds. However, the main attributes of their starches have not been studied. In this work, starches from four agronomic‐improved bean cultivars were isolated and their structure and physicochemical properties were evaluated.

RESULTS

High‐purity starches were obtained, as shown by their low protein and ash content. Starch granules presented smooth surfaces with spherical to oval shapes, with a marked ‘Maltese cross’ and heterogeneous sizes. Their amylose content revealed a mean value of 318 g kg−1 and all presented resistant > slowly digestible > rapidly digestible starch fractions. Their Fourier transform infrared spectra were similar and X‐ray diffraction analysis showed a CA‐type pattern in all cases despite their different sources. Among thermal properties, Escarlata starch showed the lowest gelatinization peak temperature (69.5 °C) and Anahí starch the highest (71.3 °C). Starch pasting temperature varied from 74.6 to 76.9 °C, whereas peak viscosity and final viscosity showed a similar tendency, with Leales B30 < Anahí < Escarlata < Cegro 99/11‐2 and Leales B30 < Anahí = Escarlata < Cegro 99/11‐2, respectively.

CONCLUSION

This study provides the basis for a better understanding of the characteristics of agronomic‐improved NOA bean starches, enabling their use in product formulation as an alternative to starches from conventional sources. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sociodemographic circumstances, health, and life experience shape posttraumatic distress trajectories among individuals exposed to smoke during a large‐scale coal mine fire
Authors: Smith Catherine L. , Campbell Timothy C. H. , Gao Caroline X. , Lane Tyler J. , Maybery Darryl , Berger Emily , Brown David , Ikin Jillian F. , McFarlane Alexander , Abramson Michael J. , Carroll Matthew
Published: April 2023

The 2014 Hazelwood coal mine fire in the Latrobe Valley, Australia, distributed toxic smoke into surrounding communities over 45 days. This study investigated risk and protective factors associated with four trajectories of posttraumatic distress (resilient, recovery, delayed‐onset, chronic) among exposed adults. Participants (N = 709) completed surveys in 2016–2017 and 2019–2020 assessing mine fire–related particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure; sociodemographic, physical, and mental health variables; and exposure to other traumatic and recent stressful events. Mine fire–related posttraumatic distress was measured using the IES‐R; trajectories were determined according to established clinical significance thresholds. Relative risk ratios (RRRs) were generated from multivariate multinomial regressions. The resilient trajectory was most common (77.0%). The chronic trajectory (8.5%) was associated with loneliness, RRR = 2.59, 95% CI [1.30, 5.16], and physical health diagnoses, RRR = 2.31, 95% CI [1.32, 4.02]. The delayed‐onset trajectory (9.1%) was associated with multiple recent stressful events, RRR = 2.51, 95% CI [1.37, 4.59]; mental health diagnoses, RRR = 2.30, 95% CI [1.25, 4.24]; loneliness, RRR = 2.05, 95% CI [1.09, 3.88]; and male gender, RRR = 2.01, 95% CI [1.18, 3.44]. Socioeconomic advantage protected against chronic, RRR = 0.68, 95% CI [0.53, 0.86], and delayed‐onset trajectory membership, RRR = 0.68, 95% CI [0.50, 0.94]; social support protected against chronic trajectory membership, RRR = 0.67, 95% CI [0.49, 0.92]. PM2.5 exposure did not determine trajectory. These findings enhance understanding of longer‐term posttraumatic responses to large‐scale smoke events and can inform mental health initiatives within at‐risk communities.
Healthy and High‐Quality Single‐Source Lighting Based on Double‐Doped Tin Halide Engineering
Authors: Liu Zibin , Ji Xinzhen , Ma Zhuangzhuang , Zhang Fei , Qi Xiaofeng , Chen Xu , Wu Di , Liu Ying , Jia Mochen , Li Xinjian , Zhang Yu , Shan Chongxin , Shi Zhifeng
Published: April 2023

Single‐source white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) with smart regulation of correlated color temperature (CCT) are indispensable for the next generation of WLEDs aimed at healthy and high‐quality illumination, where a suitable CCT value is closely related to our emotions and circadian rhythm. Herein, this work constructs a single‐component emission layer WLED with high performance for controllable daily lighting through Bi3+/Te4+ dual‐doped Cs2SnCl6 engineering. The efficient energy transfers between triple self‐trapped exciton states from Bi3+/Te4+ doping allow two tunable broadband emissions that can cover the full‐color region, thereby yielding a standout color‐rendering index of 94 for the fabricated WLED. The robust stability against heat, ultraviolet light, and environmental oxygen/water induces a long half‐lifetime of WLED up to 1104 h. Moreover, the dual‐doped strategy endows the emitter with excitation‐dependent luminescent characteristics, enabling the single emissive layer device to realize switching control of cold‐, positive‐, and warm‐white light by converting the excitation chip. Meanwhile, continuous regulation of CCT for different application scenarios can be achieved by adjusting the current of different chips. This work constitutes a solid step toward building single‐source WLEDs for smart and healthy lighting based on dual‐doped lead‐free metal halides.
Genetic Movement Disorders Commonly Seen in Asians
Authors: Jagota Priya , Lim Shen‐Yang , Pal Pramod Kumar , Lee Jee‐Young , Kukkle Prashanth Lingappa , Fujioka Shinsuke , Shang Huifang , Phokaewvarangkul Onanong , Bhidayasiri Roongroj , Mohamed Ibrahim Norlinah , Ugawa Yoshikazu , Aldaajani Zakiyah , Jeon Beomseok , Diesta Cid , Shambetova Cholpon , Lin Chin‐Hsien
Published: April 2023

The increasing availability of molecular genetic testing has changed the landscape of both genetic research and clinical practice. Not only is the pace of discovery of novel disease‐causing genes accelerating but also the phenotypic spectra associated with previously known genes are expanding. These advancements lead to the awareness that some genetic movement disorders may cluster in certain ethnic populations and genetic pleiotropy may result in unique clinical presentations in specific ethnic groups. Thus, the characteristics, genetics and risk factors of movement disorders may differ between populations. Recognition of a particular clinical phenotype, combined with information about the ethnic origin of patients could lead to early and correct diagnosis and assist the development of future personalized medicine for patients with these disorders. Here, the Movement Disorders in Asia Task Force sought to review genetic movement disorders that are commonly seen in Asia, including Wilson's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) types 12, 31, and 36, Gerstmann‐Sträussler‐Scheinker disease, PLA2G6‐related parkinsonism, adult‐onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID), and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. We also review common disorders seen worldwide with specific mutations or presentations that occur frequently in Asians.
Complementarity on software as a service platform
Authors: Loginova Oksana , Wang X. Henry
Published: April 2023

A platform owner offers product A. A third‐party firm develops a complementary product B: An additional value is created when the two products are consumed together. Access to the platform owner's customer base would broaden the third‐party firm's market reach. First, the third‐party firm chooses the quality of its product. Then, the platform owner and the third‐party firm simultaneously set their prices. We find that a higher level of product complementarity gives the third‐party firm an incentive to raise its quality; however, access to the platform may result in either a higher or a lower quality.
Agitation of SARS‐CoV‐2 disease (COVID‐19) using ABC fractional‐order modified SEIR model
Authors: Ullah Abd , Ahmad Saeed , Ur Rahman Ghaus , Ali Amir , Qayum Fawad
Published: April 2023

The present article studies the agitation scenario of SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19), the current pandemic around the globe, by applying Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo derivative operator where . Using classical notions, we study various qualitative features, like existence, uniqueness and investigate Hyers–Ulam stability analysis of the model under consideration. Lagrange's polynomial approach is used for the approximation of nonlinear terms of the system. We carry out numerical simulations for different values of the fractional‐order . The results obtained are compared with those of the classic order derivatives. It is observed that the results obtained with fractional order are better as compared to the classical order.
Uncertainty propagation of soil property in dynamic site response under different site conditions
Authors: Liu Wenxin , Chen Qiushi , Juang Charng Hsein , Chen Guoxing
Published: April 2023

It has been recognized that the soil profile and the associated parameters are usually not known with certainty in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, however, little is known about the influence of site conditions on the propagation of uncertainty. This work aims to analyze and quantify the propagation of soil property uncertainties in site response analysis under different site conditions using a recently proposed DCZ constitutive model. Sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the most important parameter, which is regarded as a random variable in the subsequent uncertainty analysis. A Monte Carlo simulation procedure is applied to quantify the uncertainty propagation caused by the random variable. Detailed case studies involving multiple site conditions are presented to quantify the impacts of soil property variability under different site conditions in site responses. This study has found that variation in site response strongly depends on the shear wave velocity compared to other parameters. For softer soil, the PGA values at the ground surface show more dispersion (i.e., uncertainties) compared to stiffer soil. This indicates that for improving the accuracy of site response analysis and earthquake disaster prediction, it is necessary to operate probabilistic dynamic site response analysis rather than deterministic analysis, especially for soft soil.
Effect of silver nanoparticles on structural, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Kareem Aseel A. , Polu Anji Reddy , Rasheed Hussein Kh. , Alomayri Thamer
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the in‐situ chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with glycerol embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to synthesize (PVA/AgNPs) polymer nanocomposites with different volume percentages of AgNPs (2, 4, and 6) %v/v. X‐ray diffractometer shows the (200) plane of AgNPs, which appeared at 44.82° in PVA/(2, 4, and 6) %v/v AgNPs films. However, the (111), (220), and (311) planes at 2θ (37.55°, 65.08°, and 77.45°) respectively appeared in PVA with 6%v/v AgNPs only. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum of AgNPs shows a COC peak at 1273 cm−1 which is attributed to the stronger affinity of AgNPs on the COC bonds in the PVA matrix. The scanning electron microscope confirmed that all nanoparticles are open‐spherical or near‐spherical in shape. Differential scanning calorimetry shows the decrease in glass transition and melting temperature of pure PVA from 64.62° and 185.54° to 53.09° and 182.35° after the incorporation of AgNPs. Thermogravimetric analysis shows the reduction of thermal stability of PVA/AgNPs films when compared to pure PVA. The electrical conductivity of PVA/AgNPs films increased with the addition of AgNPs. From Mechanical studies, the values of Young's modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength decreased with increasing AgNPs volume percentage.
Precision marking of glass with excimer lasers
Authors: Meinertz Jörg , Richter Lukas Janos , Beckmann Clemens M. , Ihlemann Jürgen
Published: April 2023

Current laser marking of glass by CO2 lasers is mainly based on the generation of cracks or melt pits. Improved quality in the form of damage free, high contrast, and high resolution marking is possible by using deep ultraviolet emitting excimer lasers. Various methods of ablative microstructure formation or nanoparticle implantation are available to achieve colored marks on glass formed by opalescence, chemical modification, or plasmonic absorption.
The role of serum lipids and BMI in China patients with primary pterygium
Authors: Sun Yu‐ying , Liang Wei‐peng , Zeng Ya‐ting , Luo Shu‐ai , Huang Chun‐yu , Liu Yu‐ying
Published: April 2023

To study the role of Body Mass Index (BMI) and serum lipid profile molecules, as well as their derivative indexes in primary pterygium patients. The patient group consisted of 110 patients with primary pterygium diagnosed in our center between January 2019 and December 2020, while the control group consisted of 144 healthy persons of similar age and sex diagnosed during the same time period. The BMI, serum lipid profile molecules and their derivative indexes of both groups were analyzed retrospectively. In the patient group, 62 patients were overweight or obesity and 104 patients with dyslipidemia. Among them, body mass index (BMI), serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and apolipoprotein B (Apo‐B) levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The difference in Apo‐B/ApoAl ratio, TC/LDL‐C ratio, HDL‐C/LDL‐C ratio was statistically significant (p < 0 .05), while the serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and TG/LDL‐C ratio were not significantly different in the patient group compared with control group (p > 0.05). Logistic analysis indicated that obesity, TC and HDL‐C/LDL‐C ratio are independent risk factors influencing the onset of pterygium (p < .05). BMI and serum lipid level are both significantly associated with primary pterygium. Obesity and abnormal serum lipid metabolism are independent risk factors for pterygium and play a critical role in the development of pterygium. Obesity and serum lipid level can significantly affect clinical management of pterygium. These characteristics are simple to use in clinical practice and may aid in the identification of pterygium high‐risk populations.
Distributed fault‐tolerant control for over‐actuated multi‐agent systems with uncertain perturbations using control allocation
Authors: Du Yanbin , Jiang Bin , Ma Yajie
Published: April 2023

This paper proposes a distributed fault‐tolerant control for over‐actuated multi‐agent systems with uncertain perturbations and faults including partial loss of effectiveness or even complete failures. The entire distributed control law is divided into two parts that are the distributed observer and the decentralised controller with a hierarchical structure. The adaptive distributed observer estimates not only the leader's state, but also the leader's system matrix, which makes the whole distributed design more rigorous. For each over‐actuated subsystem, the control allocation based hierarchical control structure is used. The virtual control is developed based on adaptive optimal control approaches to cope with uncertain perturbations robustly. The model reference adaptive control is used to design the control allocator without the need for the fault detection and diagnosis module. The stability and robustness of the systems are rigorously demonstrated, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the control law are verified in simulations on the attitude dynamics system of spacecraft.
Changes to the trophic structure of a desert fish community following river regulation and species turnover: Implications for an endangered top predator
Authors: Gilbert Eliza I. , Franssen Nathan R.
Published: April 2023

A poor understanding of factors leading to species decline can result in inefficient or ineffective species restoration. Endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) was nearly extirpated from the San Juan River, NM, USA and recent efforts to reestablish the species via hatchery augmentation of juveniles has yet to reach the target number of adults in the system. To assess how changes to the river's food web could be limiting reestablishment of this top predator, we used stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) signatures of the fish community pre‐ (museum specimens) and post river regulation with coincident extirpations and invasions. Following river regulation, four of five community‐wide trophic structure metrics that quantify overall resource use were reduced and species turnover likely had little effect per se. For species sampled in both time periods, shared trophic resources generally increased (mean niche overlap = +35.7%). Additionally, Colorado pikeminnow experienced the largest decrease in niche breadth (−72%) and diet mixing models suggested a shift from piscivory towards insectivory in contemporary collections. Our results suggest an overall reduction in basal resource availability after river regulation. We propose increased reliance on similar resources may be limiting fish prey for Colorado pikeminnow, ultimately contributing to the slow and limited reestablishment in the San Juan River. This study adds to the growing body of knowledge provided by museum specimens and stable isotope analyses to identify food‐web dynamics that are a departure from historical conditions, which can provide novel information critical to imperiled species management in modified systems.
“You can't thrive when you are being suffocated”: Quantitative and qualitative findings on minority stress in Kenyan queer womxn and trans men
Authors: Haase Stephanie , Zweigenthal Virginia , Müller Alex
Published: April 2023

Minority stress can negatively affect sexual and gender minorities' health and well‐being. Little is known about how the factors associated with minority stress influence the lived experiences of sexual and gender minorities in settings where stigma and discrimination are highly prevalent, and the legal context is restrictive.

We conducted an online survey among 335 Kenyan queer womxn and trans men collecting data on internalized homophobia, outness, and LGBT shame and pride and supplemented these with 33 interviews among three stakeholder groups.

We found that our sample showed overall lower levels of outness, higher levels of shame, and higher levels of internalized homophobia compared to sexual and gender minorities in other studies. Our qualitative data showed that queer womxn and trans men lack a sense of belonging and frequently face violence from various perpetrators.

Understanding how minority stress affects the lived experiences of queer womxn and trans men in any context is important to advance mental health and well‐being; it is even more crucial in contexts that restrict the thriving of minorities through legislation, religion, and culture. Advancing the knowledge on minority stress is essential to address the challenges minorities face in these settings.
CO2 Capture and Separation by Mono‐Vacancy Doped Graphene in Electric Field: A DFT study
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Huhu , Zhang Na , Wang Danqi , Wang Ruicong , Peng Wencai , Zhang Jianshu , Liu Jichang , Zhang Jinli
Published: April 2023

In order to reduce the CO2 content of gas pollution, it is necessary to develop more efficient, controllable and sensitive adsorption materials. In this work, the capture of CO2 by 3N‐M‐VG (3N doped mono‐vacancy graphene) nanosheets in the electric field of 0.000–0.040 a. u. were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The interaction between CO2 and 3N‐M‐VG increased with increasing applied electric field and the adsorption of CO2 by 3N‐M‐VG underwent a transition from physical to chemisorption at electric field strengths of 0.020–0.030 a. u. In addition, the material allows the capture and release of CO2 by switching on and off an applied electric field. CO2 adsorption and selectivity of 3N‐M‐VG in CH4/H2/CO2 gas mixtures can be greatly improved by applying an electric field. Theoretical results of this study can provide guidance for the design of highly selective CO2 capture materials.
Mechanism of Cycloisomerization of 15‐Membered Triazaenediynes Macrocycle: A DFT Study
Authors: Movahedi Mansooreh , Zabarjad Shiraz Nader , Ezabadi Ali , Samadizadeh Marjaneh , Talei Bavil Olyai Mohamad Reza
Published: April 2023

DFT calculations at M062X/6‐31+G(d,p) and M062X/Def2SVP levels of theory were utilized to explore the mechanism and cycloisomerization of 15‐membered triazaenediyne macrocycles in gas phase and Toluene. Trans triazaenediyne conducted concerted reactions to produce a trans diastereoselective tetracyclic fused structure passing through key cascade reactions starting by an Ene reaction that produced an allene intermediate (ΔG#=37.37 kcal/mol), and following a Diels‐Alder reaction which converted to trans‐tetracyclic ring overcoming a 34.10 kcal/mol barrier. In catalytic Rh (I), two steps reactions converted reagent to a diastereoselective trans‐cyclohexadiene tetracyclic by vanquishing barriers of 30.75 and 22.66 kcal/mol.
Salicylic Acid: Synthetic Strategies and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Rosheen  , Sharma Shivali , Utreja Divya
Published: April 2023

Phenolic acids are the phytochemicals formthe key part of the organic chemistry and are widely found in the plants, plant foods and human metabolites possessing a wide range of biological activities like anti‐oxidant, anti‐bacterial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐carcinogenic activities. Owing to their pharmaceutical activities, they are known for their different roles in prevention of various diseases in plants and as well as humans. Although a number of biologically active compounds are known in literature but unfortunately due to their cost, non‐availability and toxicity, there is an urgent need to develop such bioactive agents which can overcome all the shortcomings of reported agents. Salicylic acid is one of the hydroxybenzoic acid that is well known for possessing antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer,anti‐tumor, anti‐proliferative, anti‐viral and analgesic properties. This review mainly outlines the synthesis and biological activities of various salicylic acid derivatives which provides guidance to the researchers working in this field for improving their activity by modification of already reported drugs.
Optical and Electrochemical Sensing of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) in DMSO. Pyridyl Thiazole and (Thio)Amide Pincer Ligands versus Di‐2‐pyridyl Ketone Hydrazones
Authors: Wilson Kirk , Wilson Kerrie‐Ann , Thompson Crystal , Lawrence Mark A. W.
Published: April 2023

The ability of six pincer type molecules (di‐2‐pyridyl ketone acetic acid hydrazone (1), N‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐6‐[(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)carbamothioyl]pyridine‐2‐carboxamide (2), 6‐(4,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐benzothiazolyl)‐N‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐pyridinecarboxamide (3), di‐2‐pyridyl ketone thiosemicarbazone (4), bis‐N‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)pyridine‐2,6‐dicarbothioamide (5), and 6‐(4,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐benzothiazolyl)‐N‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐pyridinecarbothioamide (6)), to detect MBr2 (where M=Co, Ni, and Cu) in DMSO was quantified via formation constants determined from spectrophotometric and voltammetric titrations. The limit of detection (from electronic spectroscopy) of 1–6 ranged from 0.9‐9.5 ppm. The values of β (=log K) for the six species were found to be in the ranges of 4.3–4.9 and 4.0–6.3 for Co(II), 3.9–5.5 and 3.5–4.3 for Ni(II), and 4.0–4.3 and 3.7–5.0 for Cu(II) by UV‐visible and voltammetric methods, respectively. The results suggested that κ3‐NNS (6) and the κ3‐NNO (3) had good affinity for Ni(II) and Cu(II), whereas the κ3‐SNS (5) had greater affinities for Co(II) and Ni(II). The hydrazones (κ3‐NNO, 1 and κ3‐NNS, 4) were generally in the middle of the pack, displaying good affinity for the three metal ions. In a contrasting vein, the κ3‐ONS species (2) was generally the lowest across the pincers. DFT calculations (PBE0/6‐31G(d,p)/SMD) suggested that stable complexes of coordination numbers=4 to 6 were plausible in solution.
Regulation of Wnt Signaling Pathway by Costic Acid Derivative, An Efficient Strategy for Treatment of Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis in Rat Model
Authors: Jiang Xue , Kong Xiangying
Published: April 2023

Osteoporosis leads to a decrease in bone mass, loss of mechanical strength, increase in fracture susceptibility and is a serious medical problem worldwide. The present study investigated the effect of costic acid derivative (CA) on dexamethasone (DXM)‐induced osteoporosis in vitro in osteoblasts and in vivo in rat a model. The results demonstrated that DXM‐mediated reduction in osteoblast viability was effectively prevented by CA treatment in dose‐dependent manner. The DXM‐induced loss of osteoblast viability was completely reversed by CA treatment at 4 μM dose. Treatment of the primary osteoblasts with 0. 5 and 4 μM CD for 72 h reversed DXM‐mediated reduction in ALP activity. The CA treatment significantly (P>0.05) reversed DXM‐mediated lowering of osteoclacin, collagen type‐1 and osteonectin mRNA expression. The CA treatment at 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg doses significantly (P>0.05) reversed DXM‐mediated decrease in BMD in rat femurs. Treatment of the rats with CA reversed DXM‐mediated changes in osteocalcin and CTX levels in serum samples. Administration of CA to the rats reversed DXM‐mediated decrease in Wnt, β‐catenin expression and increase in SOST and Dickkopf‐1 level. Docking studies showed that CA interacts with mammalian Wnt‐frizzled complex (6AHY) through conventional H‐bonding. Thus, CA inhibits DXM‐induced dysfunction of osteoblast differentiation in vitro and inhibits osteoporosis development in vivo in rat model. Therefore, CA may be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of bone damage induced by glucocorticoid (GC)‐mediated osteoporosis.
Catalyst‐/Additive‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Oxazolidines in Water via Regioselective and Stereoselective C−H Functionalization Approach
Authors: Rahman Iftakur , Baruah Biswajita , Rajbongshi Basanta K. , Deb Mohit L. , Baruah Pranjal K.
Published: April 2023

A catalyst‐free approach for the synthesis of oxazolidine derivatives is developed here. Though the synthesized oxazolidines contain three stereogenic centers, single diastereomer of the product is obtained. Single crystal X‐ray analysis of the product confirmed the stereochemistry. The reaction is performed by taking tetrahydroisoquinoline/cyclic benzylic amine (1 equivalent) and aromatic aldehyde (2 equivalent) in water under refluxing condition which produces excellent yield (87–96 %). With pyrrolidine as amine substrate, the reaction gives α,β‐unsaturated cyclic imines which is an example of β‐C−H functionalization of secondary amine. The proposed mechanism shows that the reaction proceeds through the formation of azomethine ylide which undergoes [3+2]‐cycloaddition reaction providing the oxazolidine product.
Urease Inhibition and Structure‐Activity Relationship Study of Thiazolidinone‐, Triazole‐, and Benzothiazole‐Based Heterocyclic Derivatives: A Focus Review
Authors: Singh Rahul , Kumar Parvin , Devi Meena , Sindhu Jayant , Kumar Ashwani , Lal Sohan , Singh Devender , Kumar Harish , Kumar Sumit
Published: April 2023

Urease has a long and distinguished history in the development of enzymology since it was the first enzyme crystallized by Sumner in 1926. The present review article is focused on the urease inhibitory potential of thiazolidinone, triazole, and benzothiazole‐based heterocyclic derivatives. The study begins with the historical developments in the discovery of urease and its substrate, urea, along with the active site architecture of ureases of different origins. The two pathways for the urease‐catalyzed hydrolysis of urea are explained in detail. The urease inhibitory potential of the aforementioned heterocyclic derivatives is reviewed and arranged systematically. Structure‐activity relationships (SARs) study provided the substituents necessary for urease inhibition and will be useful for the researchers working in the field of anti‐ulcer agents. To a step further, important binding interactions were identified with the amino acid residues at the active site of the enzyme. The information gathered is anticipated to offer logical direction and an effective method for creating innovative, potent, and efficient urease inhibitors that will have greater practical uses in the future.
Synthesis and Characterization of New N‐Pyrazol‐5‐yl) amidine Derivatives: X‐Ray Structure Hirshfeld Surface, and DFT Analyses together with Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity Studies
Authors: Louiz Sonia , Lahbib Karima , Abderrahim Raoudha
Published: April 2023

We present in this work, the synthesis and characterization of N‐3‐pyrazolyl amidines derivatives obtained in satisfactory yields via one‐pot reaction. New structures of amidines were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 13C NMR Dept spectrum and X ray crystallography of N‐benzyl‐N‐(3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl) propanimidamide. In order to determinate the configuration of this amidine we have characterized it using also HRMS, DSC to determine the fusion points, X‐ray crystallography and Hirshfeld Surface analysis. The grown crystal possesses a dielectric behavior and DFT Calculation which has shown linear correlation between theoretical and experimental Hydrogen bond geometry, bond lengths (A°) and Torsion angles of 1 a. The examination of the spectrum and the SEM diagram of amidine 1a allowed us to determine the size of the particles which is of the order of 1.8 μm.

All new amidines were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities and their phenotypic analysis was performed using the Phenotype Micro Arrays (PMs) tool to determine cellular responses during their respiration process.

Amidines had relatively antibacterial activities with an antifungal behavior proving their interface reaction with several microrganisms. Such finding can be useful in medical and agricultural fields. The considered species belong to human's gut flora and soil phytopathogenesis fungi.
Design of Catalysts for Glycolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate from Spent Batteries
Authors: Gallegos María V. , Meyer Marcos , Jori Khalil , Mizrahi Martín , Sambeth Jorge , Peluso Miguel A. , Damonte Laura
Published: April 2023

This work was supported by National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET, PIP0718), ANPCyT through PICT 2015‐1261 and Faculty of Exact Sciences (UNLP, 11/X772 and 11/X808). JS, MVG, KJ, MM, MM, LCD and MP are members of CONICET.
Natural Molecule‐Incorporated Magnetic Organic‐Inorganic Nanoflower: Investigation of Its Dual Fenton Reaction‐Dependent Enzyme‐Like Catalytic Activities with Cyclic Use
Authors: Dadi Seyma , Cardoso Marlon Henrique , Mandal Amit Kumar , Franco Octávio Luiz , Ildiz Nilay , Ocsoy Ismail
Published: April 2023

The functional organic‐inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs) have recently attracted considerable attention due to enhanced catalytic activity and stability. The main purpose of this study is to synthesize new Fenton reagents and investigate their catalytic activity, dye degradation performance and antimicrobial activity. This magnetic gallic acid nanoflowers (FeGANF) were self‐assembled via incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) into gallic acid (GA) as organic part and copper(II) phosphate (Cu3(PO4)2) as inorganic parts. The FeGANF were characterized by SEM, EDX, FT‐IR and XRD. The peroxidase‐like activity and dye degradation performance of FeGANF and GANF based on Fenton reaction in the presence of H2O2 was studied toward guaiacol as substrate, using methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) as a cationic and anionic dyes, respectively. FeGANF shows much high catalytic activity and decoloration efficiency (97 % for MB and 99 % for CR) because of dual active center in Fenton reaction on the surface of FeGANF. FeGANF exhibited more antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 than that of the GA and GANF. The results of these studies suggest that magnetic hNFs has proved to be promising Fenton reagents for biological and environmental applications including treatment of wastewater.
Synthesis of [2]Rotaxane‐Based pH‐Responsive Molecular Switch Involving a [23]Crown Ether Wheel, Dibenzylammonium and Methyl Triazolium Recognition Stations
Authors: Prakashni Manisha , Dasgupta Suvankar
Published: April 2023

A bistable [2]rotaxane based on dibenzylammonium (DBA+)/methyl triazolium (MTA+) stations and [23]crown ether (X23C7) wheel component has been obtained in excellent yield. The crown ether X23C7 predominantly occupies the DBA+ station, in the bistable [2]rotaxane. On addition of the base, the crown ether X23C7 shuttles across to the MTA+ station. Acid treatment led to the restoration of X23C7 back to the DBA+ station. Due to this reversibility, a pH‐responsive molecular switch has been obtained. This is the first example of a [23]crown ether, a smaller analogue of [24]crown ether, exhibiting shuttling motion in any crown ether‐based mechanically interlocked molecules.
Noble Metal Nanoparticles Networks Stabilized by Rod‐Like Organometallic Bifunctional Thiols
Authors: Cerra Sara , Carlini Laura , Salamone Tommaso A. , Hajareh Haghighi Farid , Mercurio Martina , Pennacchi Beatrice , Sappino Carla , Battocchio Chiara , Nottola Stefania , Matassa Roberto , Fratoddi Ilaria
Published: April 2023

Rod‐like organometallic dithiol containing square‐planar Pt(II) centers, i. e., trans,trans‐[(H3COCS)Pt(PBu3)2(C≡C−C6H4−C6H4−C≡C)(PBu3)2Pt(SCOCH3)] was used as bifunctional stabilizing agent for the synthesis of Pd‐, Au‐, and AgNPs (MNPs). All the MNPs showed diameters of about 4 nm, which can be controlled by carefully modulating the synthesis parameters. Covalent MNPs stabilization occurred through a single S bridge between Pt(II) and the noble metal nanocluster surfaces, leading to a network of regularly spaced NPs with the formation of dyads, as supported by SR‐XPS data and by TEM imaging analysis. The chemical nature of NPs systems was also confirmed by EDS and NMR. Comparison between SR‐XPS data of MNPs and self‐assembled monolayers and multilayers of pristine rod‐like dithiols deposited onto polycrystalline gold surfaces revealed an electronic interaction between Pt(II) centers and biphenyl moieties of adjacent ligands, stabilizing the organic structure of the network. The possibility to obtain networks of regularly spaced MNPs opens outstanding perspectives in optoelectronics.