bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal treatment of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (Part 2: Energy recovery and feedstock recycling)
Authors: Stockschläder Jan , Quicker Peter , Baumann Werner , Wexler Manuela , Stapf Dieter , Beckmann Michael , Thiel Christopher , Hoppe Helmut
Published: August 2021

The use of carbon fibre (CF)-reinforced plastics has grown significantly in recent years, and new areas of application have been and are being developed. As a result, the amount of non-recyclable waste containing CF is also rising. There are currently no treatment methods for this type of waste. Within this project different approaches for the treatment of waste containing CF were investigated. Main subject of the research project were large-scale investigations on treatment possibilities and limits of waste containing CF in high temperature processes, with focus on the investigation of process-specific residues and possible fibre emission. The results showed that the two conventional thermal waste treatment concepts with grate and rotary kiln firing systems are not suitable for a complete oxidation of CFs due to the insufficient process conditions (temperature and dwell time). The CFs were mainly discharged via the bottom ash/slag. Due to the partial decomposition during thermal treatment, World Health Organization (WHO) fibres occurred in low concentrations. The tests run in the cement kiln plant have shown the necessity of comminution for waste containing CF. With respect to the short testing times and moderate quantities of inserted CF, a final evaluation of the suitability of this disposal path was not possible. The use of specially processed waste containing CF (carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) pellets) as a carbon substitute in calcium carbide production led to high carbon conversion rates. In the unburned furnace dust, which is marketed as a by-product of the process, CFs in relevant quantities could be detected.
A high-performance silicon-containing arylacetylene resin with conjugated naphthalene rings
Authors: Ma Manping , Liu Xiaotian , Li Chuan , Yuan Qiaolong , Huang Farong
Published: August 2021

2,7-Diphenyloxynaphthalene with large conjugated structure has been introduced into the main chain of silicon-containing arylacetylene resin and then poly(dimethylsilylene-ethynylenephenoxynaphthyloxyphenylene-ethynylene) ( m-PPNSA-MM) was synthesized. The m-PPNSA-MM resin shows good solubility and a wide processing window. A stable three-dimensional cross-linking network formed due to thermal crosslinking reactions of acetylene groups and intermolecular π–π stacking interactions after m-PPNSA-MM was cured through the process of 180°C/2 h + 220°C/2 h + 260°C/4 h. The flexural strength and modulus of the cured m-PPNSA-MM resin at room temperature are 49.2 MPa and 2.75 GPa, respectively. The cured m-PPNSA-MM resin show high thermal stabilities, the 5% temperature of weight loss ( Td5) reaches 560°C in nitrogen.
Environmental Education-related Policy Enactment in Japanese High Schools
Authors: Glackin Melissa , Greer Kate
Published: August 2021

Over the past decade, Japan’s rich tradition of environmental education-related policy has shifted to encompass international discourse concerning global competition and education for sustainable development. In view of this shift, this article explores environmental education-related policy enactment from the perspective of high school teachers. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 experienced teachers and were analysed using the environmental education-related conceptual lenses of Lucas (1972) and Stevenson (1987, 2007). The findings suggest that the current policy enactment in Japanese high schools features a narrow interpretation of environmental education that emphasises knowledge acquisition and overlooks the development of practical skills, attitudes or democratic citizenship. This case study highlights the necessity that, for a progressive environmental education to become established, policymakers must find a way to balance local knowledge with the demands of international organizations, paying particular attention to curriculum ideology, policy competition and the teachers’ voice in policy creation.
Prevention of Steroid-Induced Neuropsychiatric Complications With Neuroleptic Drugs: A Review
Authors: Akid Ivy , Nesbit Suzanne , Nanavati Julie , Bienvenu Oscar Joseph , Smith Thomas J.
Published: August 2021

Corticosteroids are used for a multitude of indications in palliative patients. In this narrative review, we aim to review literature on the treatment and prevention of neuropsychiatric complications of steroids. For prevention, only lamotrigine had a positive effect in a small number of studies. For treatment, olanzapine appears to be nearly universally effective at low doses, but randomized trial evidence is lacking. Further randomized clinical trials are necessary to elucidate data-driven guidelines for prevention and treatment of corticosteroid-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms. Until further data are available, it is reasonable to consider low dose olanzapine for any patient taking 40 mg of prednisone or its equivalent, especially those with a history of depression or neuropsychiatric symptoms.
A computational study about the effects of ply cracking and delamination on the stiffness reduction of damaged lamina and laminate
Authors: Ahmadi H , Hajikazemi M , Van Paepegem W
Published: August 2021

Accurate prediction of stiffness degradation in the damaged plies (laminae) is a fundamental requirement for developing damage models for composite materials. In this study, a mesoscale analysis is proposed to predict all the effective thermo-elastic constants of damaged plies containing ply cracks and delaminations based on a numerical homogenization method. To do so, the in-plane and out-of-plane loading conditions are imposed on the three-dimensional representative volume elements (RVEs) using the periodic boundary conditions (PBCs). Considering the stress/strain fields obtained from the numerical simulations, the effective behavior of the damaged plies is evaluated. Moreover, the effects of various damage configurations, material properties, orientations of adjacent plies and ply thicknesses are studied to address the dependency of the effective elastic constants to those parameters. Numerical results reveal that the ply cracking and delaminations significantly reduce the in-plane and out-of-plane properties ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) of the damaged plies. Furthermore, to demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the developed homogenization method, the homogenized properties of the damaged plies are used in the intact laminates where the stiffness of such laminates are compared with direct FE simulation and available experimental data of the laminates containing ply cracks and local delamination.
Is There a Borderline Value in the Radiological Findings of Patients With Calcaneal Malunion That May Help to Select an Appropriate Treatment Option?
Authors: Konovalchuk Nikita , Sorokin Evgenii , Fomichev Viktor , Chugaev Dmitrii , Kochish Alexander , Pashkova Ekaterina , Mikhaylov Kirill
Published: August 2021

Background:

Despite the constant evolution of technological support, operative techniques, and rehabilitation techniques after conservative treatment and operative treatment, a considerable number of patients with calcaneal fractures have constant pain, frequently resulting in loss of occupation. There are numerous options for the operative treatment of painful calcaneal malunion; however, very few publications suggest specific radiological measurements for pre- and postoperative planning—even fewer have statistically analyzed how these radiological measurements affect clinical outcomes.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective study of 100 patients after operative treatment of calcaneal malunion to determine the correlation between radiological measurements and clinical outcomes. Data were used to create an algorithm that would help to choose between in situ subtalar arthrodesis and complex reconstructive operations. The algorithm was then used to treat 27 prospective patients. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score and visual analog scale (VAS) were used for clinical assessment, whereas standard weightbearing anteroposterior (AP), lateral (LAT) ankle x-rays, and long axial hindfoot view were used for radiological assessment.

Results:

The talar declination angle was positively correlated with clinical outcome. Patients with talar declination angles less than 6.5 degrees showed worse results in AOFAS score than patients with a greater angle did (57.3 ± 15.3 and 81 ± 15.6, respectively).

Conclusion:

The combination of subtalar arthrodesis with distraction bone block or calcaneal osteotomy in patients with calcaneal malunion and a talar declination angle less than 6.5 degrees showed better results than isolated in situ arthrodesis.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective cohort study, case series.
ADHD and Academic Success in University Students: The Important Role of Impaired Attention
Authors: Henning Colin , Summerfeldt Laura J. , Parker James D. A.
Published: August 2021

Objective

To improve on several methodological issues regarding current literature investigating the relationship between ADHD symptomatology and academic success in adults and examine the relative contributions of specific dimensions of ADHD symptomatology (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity) to post-secondary academic success.

Method

A large sample of 3,688 post-secondary students were examined using a longitudinal design. The Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) was used to assess adult ADHD symptoms and academic success was assessed using students’ official academic records (e.g., final GPAs and degree completion status).

Results

Students with greater inattention symptomatology at the start of their academic program showed consistently poorer long-term academic success (i.e., lower GPAs, higher dropout rates), regardless of gender.

Conclusion

Inattention symptoms are the primary driver of the relationship between ADHD symptomatology and academic underachievement in adults. Post-secondary education institutions should target and prioritize educational programming for inattention symptoms of ADHD in at-risk post-secondary students.
Comparison of Simultaneous Prompting to Error Correction for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Aljohani Wafa A. , Javed Asim , Ferguson Julia L. , Cihon Joseph H. , Milne Christine M. , Leaf Justin B.
Published: August 2021

This study compared simultaneous prompting with an error correction procedure for teaching three children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder expressive labels. Using a parallel treatment design nested within a multiple probe design, the researchers taught each participant how to expressively label pictures of sports teams or cartoon characters using either simultaneous prompting or an error correction procedure. The goal was to evaluate the effectiveness, efficiency, and acquisition during teaching for each participant across the two conditions. Results indicated that both teaching procedures were effective, with high rates of maintenance, and all participants responded correctly during the majority of teaching trials.
Implementing QDAS Throughout an Evaluation Project Using the Five-Level QDA Method
Authors: Bower Kyle L.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Five-Level Qualitative Data Analysis (5LQDA) method for ATLAS.ti as a way to intentionally design methodological approaches applicable to the field of evaluation. To demonstrate my analytical process using ATLAS.ti, I use examples from an existing evaluation of a STEM Peer Learning Assistant program. Aligned with the 5LQDA method for ATLAS.ti, I first contextualize the strategies used to develop the analytical framework (Levels 1 & 2) and then deconstruct the translation process (Level 3) of pairing conceptual strategies with software tools. I then demonstrate the potential of the software in terms of selected and constructed tools (Levels 4 & 5) and discuss the importance of choosing tools aligned with the project's conceptual strategies. This paper acts as a resource to convey the value of integrating 5LQDA for ATLAS.ti throughout qualitative evaluation by engaging in an iterative process that creates opportunity for engagement.
Combining primary and sulcus piggyback IOLs for the correction of a spherical-cylindrical defect in an eye with abnormal cornea
Authors: Franco Fabrizio Gaetano Saverio , Nicolosi Cristina , Vicini Giulio , Grasso Cannizzo Piero , Virgili Gianni , Giansanti Fabrizio
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Piggyback IntraOcular Lenses (IOLs), or supplementary secondary implant lenses, have been developed to provide a sufficient dioptric power in eyes with high refractive defects, which are not fully correctable after cataract surgery with single IOL in the range of powers available. These lenses can also be used for the correction of refractive errors that occurred for a wrong choice of the IOL power after cataract surgery.

Case description:

We report the case of a complete refractive success obtained in a patient with an abnormal cornea, with a central stable ectasia, with thinning, high myopic astigmatism and cataract, obtained with the implant of a primary posterior chamber IOL at the time of cataract surgery and a subsequent implant of a secondary piggyback, sulcus-based customized toric IOL (Camellens FIL 622-2 Toric Monofocal IOL, Soleko, Rome, Italy).

Conclusions:

This brief report demonstrates the utility of combining primary and piggyback IOLs implant for the correction of a complex spherical-cylindrical refractive defect in a case of abnormal cornea and cataract.
Effectiveness of mechanical recanalization for intraluminal occlusion of totally implantable venous access ports
Authors: Yang Woo Jin , Song Myung Gyu , Seo Tae-Seok , Park Sung-Joon
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate if the mechanical injection of saline is effective in restoring patency of a totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) with an intraluminal occlusion.

Materials and methods:

From January 2017 to June 2019, 64 cases of dysfunction of a TIVAP were referred to interventional radiology. Among these, 16 cases showed normal function of the TIVAP, 19 cases the showed the appearance of a fibroblastic sheath, and 29 cases showed intraluminal occlusion. Mechanical recanalization was performed for intraluminal occlusion of the TIVAP with an indeflator and a 20G non-coring needle. Linograms were performed in all recanalized cases. The success or failure of recanalization and the pressure of the indeflator were recorded. Linograms were evaluated for breakage or migration of catheters. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:

Among the 29 intraluminal occlusion cases, 24 cases (82.7%) were recanalized by mechanical recanalization via an indeflator. The pressure of the indeflator ranged from 29 to 220 psi (median: 118 psi). Linograms revealed breakage of the catheter of the TIVAP in two failed cases. The median interval from implantation to dysfunction was 405 days (range: 43–1723 days). The median interval from last use to dysfunction was 8 days (mean: 15.4 days; range: 1–119 days). The median re-occlusion free period after successful mechanical recanalization was 100.5 days (range: 6–859 days).

Conclusion:

In the absence of an available thrombolytic agent, mechanical injection of saline was a tolerable alternative method for restoring occluded catheters and sustaining the function of catheters. Because breakage of the catheter can occur during mechanical recanalization of a TIVAP, a linogram should follow the procedure.
Gender differences in politicians’ Facebook campaigns: Campaign practices, campaign issues and voter engagement
Authors: Tsichla Eirini , Lappas Georgios , Triantafillidou Amalia , Kleftodimos Alexandros
Published: August 2021

The study pursues a line of inquiry into male and female candidates’ political campaign strategies on Facebook, drawing a sample from the 2019 National elections in Greece. The findings suggest that both genders disseminate one-way campaign information and address a wider palette of political issues than the ones typically associated with their gender. Some stereotypical patterns regarding traits and issue expertise seem to persist; females are more expressive in terms of visual content and use of emoticons, choose personalization and dialogic communication more frequently and emphasize culture and women’s issues. Men are more often associated with negative campaigning, prioritize “masculine” issues such as employment and foreign affairs, and generate a greater level of user engagement. The results indicate that social media do not constitute an alternative communication channel that equalizes existing power structures. Instead, they seem to reflect the status quo and may hinder women candidates’ efforts to gain visibility and communicate with the public.
African American political thought reimagined: A review of African American Political Thought: A Collected History
Authors: Getachew Adom
Published: August 2021

This review essay surveys the contributions of the new edited volume African American Political Thought: A Collected History. The thinker-based approach to the study of African American political thought advanced in the volume highlights the ways in which thinkers reformulate the central political questions of the intellectual tradition and constitute the canon through the citation and invocation of earlier figures. It also draws attention to the rhetorical, strategic, and tactical dimensions of their political thought. The volume sets a new standard for study of African American political thought and makes a persuasive case for the tradition’s important contributions to political theory broadly. However, by tying its significance too closely to its interventions within American political thought, the volume inadvertently minimizes the global resonances of African American political thought.
Intimate Borders and the Sense of Never-Quite-Being: A Dystopic (Non-)Fiction
Authors: Lechuga Michael
Published: August 2021

Today’s academy is a dystopia. Many scholars of color and international scholars face the daunting challenge of navigating neoliberal state institutions that are often built on legacies of racism, colonialism, and classism. This essay brings attention to the feelings of despair, anxiety, and paranoia felt by many scholars of color in the fields of humanities and social sciences, but whose narratives too often become ones of abrupt exit from the Ministry of Knowledge (and) Entrepreneurship (MKE). The essay relies on a discussion of Anzaldúa’s intimate terrorism, the composition of today’s academy, and the sense of never-quite-being. These themes emerge out of a dialogue with Anzaldúa, Deleuze, and Harney and Moten, who each have something to say about navigating institutions of power from a position of in-betweenness. Then, I assemble themes from contemporary popular dystopia films to develop a performative fiction—a narrative of never-quite-being that embodies the critical theory and dystopic themes woven through the experiences of a border-body in the academy. The essay ends with a discussion of what being intimate looks like for someone that never-quite-is, informed by Anzaldúa’s concept of mestizaje and Deleuze’s nomad thought.
Photobiomodulation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Deng Jie , Lukens John N. , Swisher-McClure Samuel , Cohn Joy C. , Spinelli Bryan A. , Quinn Ryan J. , Chittams Jesse , McMenamin Erin , Lin Alexander
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

Lymphedema is a common debilitating late effect among patients post-head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. Head and neck lymphedema was associated with symptom burden, functional impairment, and decreased quality of life. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility and potential efficacy of the use of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy for head and neck lymphedema, symptom burden, and neck range of motion among HNC survivors.

Methods:

This was a single-arm, pre- and post-design clinical trial. Eligible patients included those with lymphedema after completion of complete decongestive therapy (CDT) and 3 to 18 months after completion of cancer therapy. The intervention included PBM therapy 2 times a week for 6 weeks for a total of 12 treatments. Lymphedema, symptom burden, and neck range of motion were measured at baseline, end-of-intervention, and 4-week post-intervention.

Results:

Of the 12 patients enrolled in the study, 91.7% (n = 11) completed the study intervention and assessment visits, and no adverse events were reported. When comparing the baseline to 4-week post-intervention, we found statistically significant improvements in the severity of external lymphedema, symptom burden, and neck range of motion (all P < .05).

Conclusion:

PBM therapy was feasible and potentially effective for the treatment of head and neck lymphedema. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to examine the efficacy of PBM therapy for HNC-related lymphedema.

Trial Registration Number and Date of Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03738332; date of registration: November 13, 2018.
Between a Rock and a Hard Past
Authors: Gary Katharine
Published: August 2021

In this article, the author compares the May 4th protests on Kent State's campus to the current protests for racial justice across the United States.
Thriving, Not Surviving in Education
Authors: Foltz Katelyn
Published: August 2021

This book review explores We Want to Do More than Survive: Abolitionist Teaching and the Pursuit of Educational Freedom by Bettina L. Love, and highlights how withholding Black history forces students of color to merely aim for survival in a white-dominated education system.
Entrepreneurship is a Terrible Idea
Authors: Hartmann Rasmus Koss
Published: August 2021

This essay highlights why entrepreneurship is a terrible idea for most people, most of the time.
A 52-Year-Old Man With Progressive Weakness and Incontinence
Authors: Altintas Ayse , Danyeli Ayca Ersen , Bozkurt Subutay Berke , Uysal Sanem Pinar , Akpek Sergin , Aygun Murat Serhat , Akay Olga Meltem , Kahyaoglu Bulent , Peker Selcuk , Ure Umit Barbaros , Ferhanoglu Burhan
Published: August 2021

Here we report a challenging case of a 52-year-old man presenting with subacute constipation, urinary retention, impotence, absent Achilles reflexes, and hypoesthesia in S2-S5 dermatomes. We review the clinical decision-making as the symptoms evolved and diagnostic testing changed over time. Once the diagnosis is settled, we discuss the sign and symptoms, additional diagnostic tools, treatment options and prognosis.
Longitudinal Changes in Ultrasound-Assessed Femoral Cartilage Thickness in Individuals from 4 to 6 Months Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Lisee Caroline , Harkey Matthew , Walker Zachary , Pfeiffer Karin , Covassin Tracey , Kovan Jeffrey , Currie Katharine D. , Kuenze Christopher
Published: August 2021

Objective

Diagnostic ultrasound provides a valid assessment of cartilage health that has been used to observe cross-sectional cartilage thickness differences post-ACLR (anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction), but has not been used longitudinally during early recovery post-ACLR.

Design

The purpose of this study was to assess longitudinal changes in femoral cartilage thickness via ultrasound in individuals at 4 to 6 months post-ACLR and compared to healthy controls. Twenty participants (50% female, age = 21.1 ± 5.7 years) completed testing sessions 4 and 6 months post-ACLR. Thirty healthy controls (57% female, age = 20.8 ± 3.8 years) without knee injury history completed 2 testing sessions (>72 hours apart). Femoral cartilage ultrasound images were captured bilaterally in ACLR participants and in the dominant limb of healthy controls during all sessions. Average cartilage thicknesses in the medial, intercondylar, and lateral femoral regions were determined using a semi-automated processing technique.

Results

When comparing cartilage thickness mean differences or changes over time, individuals post-ACLR did not demonstrate between limb differences ( P-range = 0.50-0.92), limb differences compared to healthy controls ( P-range = 0.19-0.94), or changes over time ( P-range = 0.22-0.72) for any femoral cartilage thickness region. However, participants demonstrated cartilage thickening (45%) or thinning (35%) that exceeded minimal detectable change (MDC) from 4 to 6 months post-ACLR, respectively.

Conclusions

Using MDC scores may help better identify within-subject femoral cartilage thickness changes longitudinally post-ACLR due to bidirectional cartilage thickness changes.
The Orchestration of Corporate Performance Management and Business Process Management and Its Effect on Perceived Organizational Performance
Authors: Jaklič Jurij , Bosilj-Vukšić Vesna , Mendling Jan , Štemberger Mojca Indihar
Published: August 2021

Various management approaches have been proposed to maintain good organizational performance on a continuous basis, with corporate performance management (CPM) and business process management (BPM) being two major groups. While the conceptual connection between CPM and BPM might see obvious, their actual empirical connection with performance remains poorly understood. In this article, we address this gap and develop a theoretical model that explicates the causal paths from CPM via BPM toward organizational performance in terms of a set of hypotheses. Based on a survey, we find that the effect of CPM on organizational performance is largely mediated by CPM-BPM orchestration and process performance. With this study, we respond to recent calls for novel studies in this area and highlight the impact of well-orchestrated CPM and BPM initiatives on organizational performance.
An Unusual Case of Paraquat-Induced Rhabdomyolysis and Hepatic Injury Presenting With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jaka Sara , Win Theingi Tiffany , Joolhar Fowrooz , Heidari Arash , Moosavi Leila
Published: August 2021

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a syndrome of reversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction that, at presentation, can be easily conflated with acute coronary syndrome. TCM has a clinical preponderance for older, postmenopausal females. We report on a patient’s case who presented with complaints of upper and lower extremity weakness with evidence of rhabdomyolysis and hepatic injury. Her occupation as a field worker exposed her to a toxic chemical known as paraquat, which has been banned by multiple countries across the world; a chemical we presume culminated in both. The subsequent clinical cascade and resulting acute physiological illness and emotional distress primed her to develop TCM. However, she neither endorsed chest pain nor dyspnea. Her subtle clinical presentation could have led to a missed diagnosis as she was also not in a fluid overloaded state consistent with the depressed left ventricular function discovered on transthoracic echo. The diagnostic uncertainty until coronary angiography is obtained, and its association with severe and acute emotional and physical stress prompts to a greater reliance on patient history to identify occupational and toxic exposures that can contribute to its development.
“Ethical Viewing Practices”: First-Graders Experiencing Racism in Let the Children March
Authors: Fontanella-Nothom Oona
Published: August 2021

Drawing upon the methodological approach of thinking with theory and the theory of the wake, this article details the process of teaching and learning about race and racism with first graders and their responses to the picturebook, Let the Children March. The theoretical concept of the weather and the corresponding theoretical strand of ethical viewing and reading practices are brought together with children’s drawings and verbal responses to think with the analytical question of: what kinds of ethical viewing and reading practices can be employed and enacted with young children to engage them in racial justice and social change? The discussion and implications highlight three key insights for literacy research and practice: student agency and choice, the capability of young children, and how to approach topics of race and racism with young children with thoughtfulness. This article advances work on the teaching and learning of topics of race, racism, and antiblackness in literacy research with young people.
Natural Supplements for COVID19—Background, Rationale, and Clinical Trials
Authors: Hermel Melody , Sweeney Megan , Ni Yu-Ming , Bonakdar Robert , Triffon Douglas , Suhar Christopher , Mehta Sandeep , Dalhoumi Sarah , Gray James
Published: August 2021

Worldwide, the turmoil of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has generated a burst of research efforts in search of effective prevention and treatment modalities. Current recommendations on natural supplements arise from mostly anecdotal evidence in other viral infections and expert opinion, and many clinical trials are ongoing. Here the authors review the evidence and rationale for the use of natural supplements for prevention and treatment of COVID-19, including those with potential benefit and those with potential harms. Specifically, the authors review probiotics, dietary patterns, micronutrients, antioxidants, polyphenols, melatonin, and cannabinoids. Authors critically evaluated and summarized the biomedical literature published in peer-reviewed journals, preprint servers, and current guidelines recommended by expert scientific governing bodies. Ongoing and future trials registered on clinicaltrials.gov were also recorded, appraised, and considered in conjunction with the literature findings. In light of the controversial issues surrounding the manufacturing and marketing of natural supplements and limited scientific evidence available, the authors assessed the available data and present this review to equip clinicians with the necessary information regarding the evidence for and potential harms of usage to promote open discussions with patients who are considering dietary supplements to prevent and treat COVID-19.
Diabetes Self-Management Among Individuals With Diabetes and Physical Disabilities
Authors: Comer-HaGans DeLawnia , Austin Shamly , Ramamonjiarivelo Zo , Sherman Ledric D.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine diabetes self-management behavior among individuals who have diabetes living with and without physical limitations.

Methods

Pooled cross-sectional data (2011-2016) from the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was used. Dependent variables were utilization of dilated eye exams, foot checks, at least 1 dental checkup annually, treating diabetes with oral medication, treating diabetes with insulin injections, and engagement in moderate or vigorous physical exercise 5 times per week. The independent variable was diabetes with physical limitations compared with diabetes without physical limitations. The study controlled for predisposing, enabling, and need factors.

Results

Findings indicate that individuals with diabetes and physical limitations were less likely to engage in moderate or vigorous physical exercise 5 times per week, have at least 1 annual dental checkup, and treat their diabetes orally with medication.

Conclusions

Self-management behavior was poor among individuals with diabetes and physical limitations. Environmental barriers may partially contribute to reasons why individuals with diabetes and physical limitations do not engage in diabetes self-management behaviors that would assist them in mitigating diabetes complications. Other reasons could be the lack of equipment accessibility or adaptability and cultural competence among providers treating/caring for individuals with physical limitations.
Long non-coding RNA profile study identifies a metabolism-related signature for colorectal cancer
Authors: Lu Yongqu , Wang Wendong , Liu Zhenzhen , Ma Junren , Zhou Xin , Fu Wei
Published: August 2021

Background

Heterogeneity in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients provides novel strategies in clinical decision-making. Identifying distinctive subgroups in patients can improve the screening of CRC and reduce the cost of tests. Metabolism-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can help detection of tumorigenesis and development for CRC patients.

Methods

RNA sequencing and clinical data of CRC patients which extracted and integrated from public databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were set as training cohort and validation cohort. Metabolism-related genes were acquired from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the metabolism-related lncRNAs were filtered using correlation analysis. The risk score was calculated based on lncRNAs with prognostic value and verified through survival curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and risk curve. Prognostic factors of CRC patients were also analyzed. Nomogram was constructed based on the results of cox regression analyses. The different immune status was observed in the single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA).

Results

The training cohort and the validation cohort enrolled 432 and 547 CRC patients respectively. A total of 23 metabolism-related lncRNAs with prognostic value were screened out and 10 of which were significantly differentially expressed between tumour and normal tissues. Finally, 8 lncRNAs were used to establish a risk score (DICER1-AS1, PCAT6, GAS5, PRR7-AS1, MCM3AP-AS1, GAS6-AS1, LINC01082 and ADIRF-AS1). Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the median of risk scores in training cohort and the survival curves indicated that the survival prognosis was significantly different. The area under curve (AUC) of the ROC curve in two cohorts were both greater than 0.6. The age, tumour stage and risk score were selected as independent factors and used to construct a nomogram to predict CRC patients' survival rate with the c-index of 0.806. The ssGSEA indicated that the risk score was associated with immune cells and functions.

Conclusions

Our systematic study established a metabolism-related lncRNA signature to predict outcomes of CRC patients which may contribute to individual prevention and treatment.
Interleukin-22: a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis
Authors: Luo Jin-Wen , Hu Yuan , Liu Jian , Yang Huan , Huang Peng
Published: August 2021

Background

Atherosclerosis is recognized as a chronic immuno-inflammatory disease that is characterized by the accumulation of immune cells and lipids in the vascular wall. In this review, we focus on the latest advance regarding the regulation and signaling pathways of IL-22 and highlight its impacts on atherosclerosis.

Main body

IL-22, an important member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, is released by cells of the adaptive and innate immune system and plays a key role in the development of inflammatory diseases. The binding of IL-22 to its receptor complex can trigger a diverse array of downstream signaling pathways, in particular the JAK/STAT, to induce the expression of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. Recently, numerous studies suggest that IL-22 is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulation of VSMC proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, hypertension, and cholesterol metabolism.

Conclusion

IL-22 promotes the development of atherosclerosis by multiple mechanisms, which may be a promising therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Barriers to teaching evolution in higher education
Authors: Tolman Ethan R. , Ferguson Daniel G. , Hubble Gabriella , Kaloi Mahealani , Niu Megan , Jensen Jamie L.
Published: August 2021

Background

Although progress has been made in evolution education, many educators face significant barriers in their efforts to teach evolution specifically, and science in general. The purpose of this study was to identify faculty-perceived barriers to teaching evolution, specifically in religiously affiliated institutions or institutions with a highly religious student body, as well as resources faculty feel would help promote discourse around faith, evolution and science. To do this, we held a workshop with teams consisting of a science professor, a theologian and a pastor (of the predominant on-campus faith tradition) from 17 different institutions of higher education with highly religious student bodies for the purpose of helping them to create a curriculum to address perceived conflicts between science and faith. During the workshop, participants created posters identifying barriers they face and resources they perceive as helpful. These posters were analyzed for prevalent themes and framed within an ecological model of behavior.

Results

These teams identified prevalent barriers at each level of the ecological model. Intrapersonal factors included a fear of rocking the boat and a fear of student conflict. Interpersonal factors included perceived student lack of knowledge, student ideology, and student apathy. Institutional factors included work politics, a lack of relevant discourse surrounding the conflict, and mixed messaging to students. Community factors included social norms associated with various student demographics. And public policy factors included local and state government attempts to limit the teaching of evolution. Additionally, participants identified resources that they felt would facilitate overcoming conflict including colleagues as change agents, various assets, and tools to negate conflict.

Conclusions

We determined that many of the concerns are addressable, and many resources are attainable. We urge the community to work toward these solutions. Additionally, we compare our findings to what the literature has shown and discuss the implications of faculty perceptions as compared to the published literature.
Paradoxical effects of arsenic in the lungs
Authors: Ren Caixia , Zhou Yang , Liu Wenwen , Wang Qi
Published: August 2021

High levels (> 100 ug/L) of arsenic are known to cause lung cancer; however, whether low (≤ 10 ug/L) and medium (10 to 100 ug/L) doses of arsenic will cause lung cancer or other lung diseases, and whether arsenic has dose-dependent or threshold effects, remains unknown. Summarizing the results of previous studies, we infer that low- and medium-concentration arsenic cause lung diseases in a dose-dependent manner. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is recognized as a chemotherapeutic drug for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), also having a significant effect on lung cancer. The anti-lung cancer mechanisms of ATO include inhibition of proliferation, promotion of apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, and inhibition of tumor metastasis. In this review, we summarized the role of arsenic in lung disease from both pathogenic and therapeutic perspectives. Understanding the paradoxical effects of arsenic in the lungs may provide some ideas for further research on the occurrence and treatment of lung diseases.
Characteristics of Fertility Transition Response to the Cumulative Effective Low Temperature in a Two-Line Male Sterile Rice Cultivar
Authors: Wu Linxuan , Rong Huazhen , Chen Chun , Lin Xin , Wang Jiafeng , Xiao Wuming , Huang Cuihong , Guo Tao , Wang Hui , Huang Ming
Published: August 2021

Background

Photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) rice (Oryza sativa L.) is usually considered two-line male sterile rice because of its dual-purpose in two-line hybrid rice system: under short days and low temperatures, it is fertile and used for self-propagation, but under long days and high temperatures, it is sterile and used for hybrid seed production. Therefore, photoperiod and temperature conditions are extremely important for the fertility transition of two-line male sterile rice. In recent years, there have been frequent occurrences of abnormally low-temperature (ALT) resulting in failure of two-line hybrid rice seed production. The daily average temperature (DAT) during ALT events is sometimes higher than the critical sterility-inducing temperature (CSIT) of two-line male sterile rice, of which the night temperature is lower than the CSIT. DAT has been traditionally used as the single indicator of pollen fertility transition, but it is unknown why the fertility of two-line male sterile rice in seed production restored fertility under ALT conditions.

Results

For Hang93S (H93S), a newly released PTGMS line, we hypothesized fertility transition is determined mainly by the cumulative effective low temperature (ELT) and only a certain duration of low temperature is required every day during the fertility-sensitive period. This study simulated ALTs where the DAT was higher than the CSIT while some segments of night temperature were lower than the CSIT. The results showed H93S exhibited a fertility transition to varying degrees. Moreover, fertility was restored under simulated ALT conditions and pollen fertility increased with increasing cumulative ELT, indicating that the fertility transition was affected primarily by the cumulative ELT. Results also indicated that pollen fertility increased as the number of treatment days increased.

Conclusions

The fertility transition is caused mainly by the cumulative ELT. In two-line male sterile rice breeding, the effects of day length, ALT at night, and continuous response days should be considered together. The present study provides new insight into fertility transition so breeders can more effectively utilize the two-line male sterile rice, H93S, in breeding programs.
Effect of bacterial infection on sperm quality and DNA fragmentation in subfertile men with Leukocytospermia
Authors: Eini Fatemeh , Kutenaei Maryam Azizi , Zareei Fayegheh , Dastjerdi Zeinolabedin Sharifian , Shirzeyli Maryam Hosseinzadeh , Salehi Ensieh
Published: August 2021

Background

Although bacterial infections have been recognized as a possible cause of male infertility, the effect of bacterial infections on sperm quality and sperm DNA fragmentation remains controversial. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of bacterial infection in subfertile men and its effect on semen quality. Seminal fluid was collected from 172 male members of infertile couples attending the andrology infertility center and a group of 35 fertile subjects as a control. Sperm parameters and DNA fragmentation were evaluated based on the type of bacteria in all ejaculates.

Results

From the 172 patients investigated for infertility, 60 (34.88%) patients had a positive culture for pathogenic bacteria of different species. Leukocytospermia was significantly higher in infected samples in comparison with non-infected samples (p < 0.05). Sperm concentration and motility and morphology were significantly lower in infected than non-infected samples. Moreover, sperm DNA fragmentation was significantly higher in infected than non-infected samples. Besides, our results showed that sperm DNA fragmentation was correlated significantly with leukocytospermia (R: 0.22,p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The present study suggested that bacterial infection significantly correlated with leukocytospermia could impair male fertility potential through decreasing sperm motility, morphology, and DNA integrity.
Radiating pain: venom has contributed to the diversification of the largest radiations of vertebrate and invertebrate animals
Authors: Arbuckle Kevin , Harris Richard J.
Published: August 2021

Background

Understanding drivers of animal biodiversity has been a longstanding aim in evolutionary biology. Insects and fishes represent the largest lineages of invertebrates and vertebrates respectively, and consequently many ideas have been proposed to explain this diversity. Natural enemy interactions are often important in diversification dynamics, and key traits that mediate such interactions may therefore have an important role in explaining organismal diversity. Venom is one such trait which is intricately bound in antagonistic coevolution and has recently been shown to be associated with increased diversification rates in tetrapods. Despite ~ 10% of fish families and ~ 16% of insect families containing venomous species, the role that venom may play in these two superradiations remains unknown.

Results

In this paper we take a broad family-level phylogenetic perspective and show that variation in diversification rates are the main cause of variations in species richness in both insects and fishes, and that venomous families have diversification rates twice as high as non-venomous families. Furthermore, we estimate that venom was present in ~ 10% and ~ 14% of the evolutionary history of fishes and insects respectively.

Conclusions

Consequently, we provide evidence that venom has played a role in generating the remarkable diversity in the largest vertebrate and invertebrate radiations.
Genome analyses of four Wolbachia strains and associated mitochondria of Rhagoletis cerasi expose cumulative modularity of cytoplasmic incompatibility factors and cytoplasmic hitchhiking across host populations
Authors: Morrow Jennifer L. , Riegler Markus
Published: August 2021

Background

The endosymbiontWolbachiacan manipulate arthropod reproduction and invade host populations by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). Some host species are coinfected with multipleWolbachiastrains which may have sequentially invaded host populations by expressing different types of modular CI factor (cif) genes. The tephritid fruit flyRhagoletis cerasiis a model for CI andWolbachiapopulation dynamics. It is associated with at least fourWolbachiastrains in various combinations, with demonstrated (wCer2,wCer4), predicted (wCer1) or unknown (wCer5) CI phenotypes.

Results

We sequenced and assembled the draft genomes of theWolbachiastrainswCer1,wCer4 andwCer5, and compared these with the previously sequenced genome ofwCer2 which currently invadesR. cerasipopulations. We found completecifgene pairs in all strains: four pairs inwCer2 (three Type I; one Type V), two pairs inwCer1 (both Type I) andwCer4 (one Type I; one Type V), and one pair inwCer5 (Type IV).Wolbachiagenome variant analyses across geographically and genetically distant host populations revealed the largest diversity of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inwCer5, followed bywCer1 and thenwCer2, indicative of their different lengths of host associations. Furthermore, mitogenome analyses of theWolbachiagenome-sequenced individuals in combination with SNP data from six European countries revealed polymorphic mitogenome sites that displayed reduced diversity in individuals infected withwCer2 compared to those without.

Conclusions

Coinfections withWolbachiaare common in arthropods and affect options forWolbachia-based management strategies of pest and vector species already infected byWolbachia. Our analyses ofWolbachiagenomes of a host naturally coinfected by several strains unravelled signatures of the evolutionary dynamics in bothWolbachiaand host mitochondrial genomes as a consequence of repeated invasions. Invasion of already infected populations by newWolbachiastrains requires new sets of functionally differentcifgenes and thereby may select for a cumulative modularity ofcifgene diversity in invading strains. Furthermore, we demonstrated at the mitogenomic scale that repeated CI-drivenWolbachiainvasions of hosts result in reduced mitochondrial diversity and hitchhiking effects. Already residentWolbachiastrains may experience similar cytoplasmic hitchhiking effects caused by the invadingWolbachiastrain.