bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Increasing Burden of Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Medical Admissions, An Opportunity to Optimise Stroke Prevention
Authors: Induruwa I , Amis E , Hannon N , Khadjooi K
Published: March 2018

Background

Atrial fibrillation is a major risk factor for ischaemic stroke. We investigated whether active screening for atrial fibrillation in secondary care, followed by careful evaluation of risk factors and communication to general practitioners from stroke specialists, could increase appropriate anticoagulation prescription.

Methods

Between 1/9/14 and 28/2/15 all acute medical admissions were screened for atrial fibrillation at Cambridge University Hospital. Individualised letters were sent to the general practitioners of patients who it was felt would benefit from anticoagulation.

Results

In total, 847 patients with atrial fibrillation (15% prevalence, 52% female, median age 81.9 years, median CHA2DS2-VASc 4.4) were identified; 671 (79.2%) had known atrial fibrillation, and 176 (20.8%) were diagnosed on admission. After screening and identifying ‘at risk’ patients, 112 individualised letters were sent to GPs. A 91% response rate was achieved, resulting in an additional 43 individuals being appropriately anticoagulated.

Conclusions

Atrial fibrillation prevalence is significantly increasing among acute hospital admissions; these patients have high risk of cardioembolic stroke. Careful screening and identification in secondary care can lead to improved rates of anticoagulation.
Going beyond Audit and Feedback: Towards Behaviour-Based Interventions to Change Physician Laboratory Test Ordering Behaviour
Authors: Meidani Z , Mousavi GA , Kheirkhah D , Benar N , Maleki MR , Sharifi M , Farrokhian A
Published: March 2018

Studies indicate there are a variety of contributing factors affecting physician test ordering behaviour. Identifying these behaviours allows development of behaviour-based interventions.

Methods

Through a pilot study, the list of contributing factors in laboratory tests ordering, and the most ordered tests, were identified, and given to 50 medical students, interns, residents and paediatricians in questionnaire form. The results showed routine tests and peer or supervisor pressure as the most influential factors affecting physician ordering behaviour. An audit and feedback mechanism was selected as an appropriate intervention to improve physician ordering behaviour. The intervention was carried out at two intervals over a three-month period.

Findings

There was a large reduction in the number of laboratory tests ordered; from 908 before intervention to 389 and 361 after first and second intervention, respectively. There was a significant relationship between audit and feedback and the meaningful reduction of 7 out of 15 laboratory tests including complete blood count (p = 0.002), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.01), C-reactive protein (p = 0.01), venous blood gas (p = 0.016), urine analysis (p = 0.005), blood culture (p = 0.045) and stool examination (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The audit and feedback intervention, even in short duration, affects physician ordering behaviour. It should be designed in terms of behaviour-based intervention and diagnosis of the contributing factors in physicians’ behaviour. Further studies are required to substantiate the effectiveness of such behaviour-based intervention strategies in changing physician behaviour.
Disseminated Tuberculosis – Diagnostic Challenges of Atrial Tuberculoma Masquerading as Atrial Myxoma
Authors: Alaga A , Yew YX , Razul MK
Published: March 2018

A 47-year-old female, with multiple comorbidities, presented with a cough of two months, loss of weight and appetite. She was treated for pneumonia. A chest X-ray showed bilateral reticulonodular opacities. She was noted to have a vague central abdominal mass and a systolic murmur over the mitral region. Ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen showed an omental mass and loculated ascites. Oesophagoduedenoscopy showed antral gastritis and during colonoscopy the surgical team was unable to advance the scope beyond 40 cm due to external compression. An echocardiogram showed a right atrial mass and a pericardial effusion over the posterior wall. A possible diagnosis of atrial myxoma was made. Sputum acid-fast bacillus was negative. The patient was treated empirically for disseminated tuberculosis and scheduled for bronchoscopy by the pulmonology team.

The patient showed remarkable improvement after day 7 of anti-tuberculosis medication. GeneXpert study came back as positive. CT abdomen and echocardiogram repeated after 2 weeks of treatment showed reduction in the mass.
Latest Developments in Clinical Stroke Care
Authors: Minhas JS , Robinson TG
Published: March 2018

Stroke medicine has seen rapid developments in diagnosis and management, and consequently improved prognosis. Management of ischaemic stroke, in particular, has benefited from these advances. The approach to management has evolved from one of historical passivity to active intervention with time of the essence following stroke onset. The last decade has seen the comparative effectiveness of several pharmacological agents being tested, creating significant randomised controlled trial evidence to support the management of common clinical problems following acute stroke. While several of these interventions are widely available, some remain less accessible. This review will discuss the latest developments in clinical stroke medicine, based on a symposium presentation at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, and reference key randomised controlled trial evidence in an effort to provide a balanced perspective on our current understanding of acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.
Conservation of Manjishtha–Rubia cordifolia L. through Nodal Culture
Authors: Gurav Arun M , Sinha Ritu , Mhase Archana G , Rao Gajendra , Mangal Anupam K , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: March 2018

Aim:

Manjishtha—Rubia cordifolia L. (family: Rubiaceae) is an important medicinal plant and used in various Ayurvedic formulations. Plant parts like roots, stems, leaves and fruits are being used to treat various respiratory and skin diseases. Manjistha is excessively collected from natural habitat and becoming rare and vulnerable in different parts of country. Therefore, it is decided to develop a systematic in vitro protocol for rapid multiplication of the plant.

Materials and methods:

Nodal segments collected from healthy, desease free plant were used as explants. Pretreated and surface sterilized nodal segments were implanted on to MS basal medium as well as MS fortified with different concentrations of plant growth regulators viz., BAP, TDZ, Kn, NAA, IAA, IBA singly or in combinations. Then, the cultures were incubated at 22°C ± 2°C for 8 hours photoperiod with light intensity of 3000 lux.

Results:

Maximum number of shoots (20–25) developed from the nodal segments inoculated on MS + TDZ (0.5 mg/l) + 0.1% PVP liquid medium. The best rooting (2–3 roots) were developed in MS + IBA (2 mg/l) in 8 to 14 days.

Conclusion:

The in vitro protocol developed would be beneficial to multiply the plants of R. cordifolia on large scale within the short period with low cost and to conserve the plant.
Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Arjuna Flowers
Authors: Reddy M Prathapa , Ramaseshan Shantha T , Parvatamma Naveen KS , Rao Vendrapati R , Nagayya Shiddamallayya , Bhat Sulochana
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

Terminalia arjuna(Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn., known asArjuna,is an important medicinal plant used in Ayurvedic and traditional systems of medicine. This plant is being used to cure various ailments in India for several years. According toPushpaayurvedahwritten by Priya Vrat Sharma, Arjuna flowers are used as one of the chief ingredient in some Ayurvedic formulations, which are used for preventing of baldness and graying of hairs, i.e.,Mahanila taila, Nilabindu taila, kasmaryadi taila, Ketakyadi taila.It is also useful in Helminthiasis (Krimiroga),raktapitta(internal hemorrhage), and for some poisons. Though many therapeutics uses have been prescribed in Ayurveda for Arjuna flowers in addition to the other parts, no work has been carried out on flower part. Hence, the present study has been attempted for the first time. Physicochemical analysis, such as loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and different extractive values and preliminary phytochemical screening for various groups of secondary metabolites has been carried out as per standard protocols.

Aim:

The present study was carried out to establish pharma- cognostical standards and important identification/diagnostic characteristics for identification ofTerminalia arjunaflowers.

Materials and methods:

Flower material was collected from its natural habitat in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, and authenticated by subject expert, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Metabolic Disorders, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. The flowers were shade dried, powdered, and used for tests. The macro-, microscopical, physicochemical, and preliminary phytochemical studies have been carried out by adopting standard methods.

Results:

The microscopic characteristics of the flowers showed the presence of abundant combretaceous-type trichomes, rosette and clustered type of calcium oxalate crystals, reddish orange tannin content, resin ducts, endothecium cells, and abundant rounded pollen grains in three colporate and in monads.

Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, phenols, proteins, saponins, and tannins.

Conclusion:

The macro-, microscopical, powder studies, and preliminary phytochemical investigations ofT. arjunaflowers may be used to establish the botanical standards for identification and standardization ofT. arjunaflowers.
Richness and diversity of conidial fungi associated with plant debris in three enclaves of Atlantic Forest in the Caatinga biome of Brazil
Authors: Santa Izabel Tasciano Dos Santos , Gusmão Luís Fernando Pascholati
Published: March 2018

Background and aims – A study of richness and diversity of conidial fungi associated with plant debris was conducted in three Atlantic Forest enclaves in the Caatinga biome: Serra da Jibóia-BA (SJ), Serra da Ibiapaba-CE (SI) and Brejo Paraibano-PB (BP). Methods – The plant debris samples included leaves, twigs and barks and were washed in running water, incubated in moist chambers and analyzed for 40 days under a stereomicroscope. These reproductive structures were transferred to slides containing PVL resin and identified with specialized literature. Key results – The richness and diversity were similar in the three enclaves of interest. Cluster analysis using the Morisita similarity index indicated a group formed by fungal communities of SI and BP and another with SJ. Of these substrates, the leaves had the greatest richness and the bark samples had the greatest diversity, but these differences were not significant. Multivariate analysis via NMDS revealed differences in the fungal community composition with respect to the substrate and area, but the similarity analysis (ANOSIM) indicated that the differences were significant only with respect to the substrate.Conclusions – The survey data shows the great richness and diversity of conidial fungi in the studied areas. Substrate was the most determinant factor for the distribution of fungi when compared with area.
Genetic variation and dispersal patterns in three varieties of Pinus caribaea (Pinaceae) in the Caribbean Basin
Authors: Rebolledo Camacho Virginia , Jardón Barbolla Lev , Ramírez Morillo Ivón , Vázquez-Lobo Alejandra , Piñero Daniel , Delgado Patricia
Published: March 2018

Background – Pinus caribaea Morelet comprises three varieties of tropical pines distributed in the Caribbean Basin: P. caribaea var. hondurensis, var. caribaea, and var. bahamensis. The insular and continental distribution of these varieties, as well as the geological processes in the region, have been important factors for analysing evolutionary processes implicated in the diversification of these lineages. In this study, we evaluate the genetic and geographic structure within and between these three varieties in order to infer the possible origin and dispersal routes of these taxa.Methods – We used six polymorphic nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) in fifteen representative populations of the three pine varieties, sampled throughout their natural range in Central America, Cuba and the Bahamas islands.Results – The varieties contain similar levels of genetic variation (mean He = 0.571), with several populations out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and significant levels of inbreeding (0.097–0.184, P ≤ 0.05). A slight but significant genetic differentiation was found between the varieties (RST = 0.088) and populations (RST= 0.082), and genetic differentiation increased with geographic distance (r2 = 0.263). Distance and Bayesian BAPS analyses generated seven groups; two represented by the two island varieties and the remainder by the Central American populations of var. hondurensis. Migration rate estimates between pairs of groups ranged from M = 0.47 to M = 20.16. Estimates were generally higher from the continent to islands, with the highest migration rate estimated from a continental genetic group to the Cuba island group of var. hondurensis (M = 20.16).Conclusions – This study supports the hypothesis of a recent origin of these pine taxa through the migration of an ancestor from Central America, where the historical demography is associated with events of colonization, expansion and contraction of populations. The genetic variation and differentiation suggest that the three varieties are divergent lineages that currently share allelic variants, indicating that their speciation has not yet completed.
No evidence for genetic differentiation in juvenile traits between Belgian and French populations of the invasive tree Robinia pseudoacacia
Authors: Bouteiller Xavier P. , Barraquand Frédéric , Garnier-Géré Pauline , Harmand Noémie , Laizet Yec’han , Raimbault Alexandre , Segura Raphaël , Lassois Ludivine , Monty Arnaud , Verdu Cindy , Mariette Stéphanie , Porté Annabel J.
Published: March 2018

Background – The role of evolution in biological invasion studies is often overlooked. In order to evaluate the evolutionary mechanisms behind invasiveness, both quantitative and population genetics studies are underway on Robinia pseudoacacia L., one of the worst invasive tree species in Europe.Methods – A controlled experiment was set up using 2000 seeds from ten populations in Southern France and ten populations in Belgium. Seedlings were cultivated in two climatic chambers set at 18°C and 22°C. Early development life history traits (e.g. seedling phenology) and functional traits (e.g. growth rates) were monitored. Genotyping using SNP markers was used to evaluate the genetic differentiation among the populations and a QST – FST comparison was done in order to test for the role of selection.Results – Populations exhibited a strong plasticity to temperature for all measured traits, the warmer environment being generally more suitable, irrespective of their origin. No significant departure from neutral evolution was evidenced by the QST – FST comparisons, although we found a slightly significant differentiation at the molecular level. Conclusion – Plasticity for the functional and life history traits was evidenced but no genetic interaction suggesting no possible evolution of plasticity at those traits. Moreover, no support for genetic differentiation and local adaptation was found among studied populations within invasive range, raising two main questions: first, what is the role of selection on functional and life-history traits; and second, is the elapsed time since first introduction sufficient to allow evolution and local adaptation?
The Ocean Carbon States Database: a proof-of-concept application of cluster analysis in the ocean carbon cycle
Authors: Latto Rebecca , Romanou Anastasia
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we present a database of the basic regimes of the carbon cycle
in the ocean, the “ocean carbon states”, as obtained using a data
mining/pattern recognition technique in observation-based as well as model
data. The goal of this study is to establish a new data analysis methodology,
test it and assess its utility in providing more insights into the regional
and temporal variability of the marine carbon cycle. This is important as
advanced data mining techniques are becoming widely used in climate and Earth
sciences and in particular in studies of the global carbon cycle, where the
interaction of physical and biogeochemical drivers confounds our ability to
accurately describe, understand, and predict CO2 concentrations and
their changes in the major planetary carbon reservoirs. In this
proof-of-concept study, we focus on using well-understood data that are based
on observations, as well as model results from the NASA Goddard Institute for
Space Studies (GISS) climate model. Our analysis shows that ocean carbon
states are associated with the subtropical–subpolar gyre during the colder
months of the year and the tropics during the warmer season in the North
Atlantic basin. Conversely, in the Southern Ocean, the ocean carbon states
can be associated with the subtropical and Antarctic convergence zones in the
warmer season and the coastal Antarctic divergence zone in the colder season.
With respect to model evaluation, we find that the GISS model reproduces the
cold and warm season regimes more skillfully in the North Atlantic than in
the Southern Ocean and matches the observed seasonality better than the
spatial distribution of the regimes. Finally, the ocean carbon states provide
useful information in the model error attribution. Model air–sea CO2
flux biases in the North Atlantic stem from wind speed and salinity biases in
the subpolar region and nutrient and wind speed biases in the subtropics and
tropics. Nutrient biases are shown to be most important in the Southern Ocean
flux bias. All data and analysis scripts are available at
https://data.giss.nasa.gov/oceans/carbonstates/ (DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.996891).
Editorial Volume 9, Issue 2 2018
Authors: Nelson Karen , Creagh Tracy
Published: March 2018

Welcome to our second issue for 2018.  In February we opened the year with the publication of Volume 9(1), a special issue dedicated to the top papers from the 6th Biennial National Association of Enabling Educators of Australia (NAEEA) Conference which was hosted by Southern Cross University at the Gold Coast, Australia in December 2017.   Shortly after this Conference, the Australian Government announced that undergraduate funding was to be capped at 2017 levels, effectively stopping the demand driven funding system for high education in Australia.  With that backdrop Volume 9(1) was a timely opportunity to consider the impact of disruption, and as perceptions of the value of higher education are challenged, to reiterate the value of supporting access and equity to higher education institutions.
Características morfológicas e químicas de lâminas foliares de Paspalum spp.
Authors: Lucena Keila Cortez de , Catian Gisele , Lempp Beatriz
Published: March 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de utilização de lâminas foliares da gramí­nea tropical Paspalum spp. para o consumo animal por meio das características morfofisiológicas, da anatomia quantitativa e das características químicas. O experimento foi realizado no período de agosto de 2009 a junho de 2010, no município de Dourados -MS. Foram avaliadas oito espécies de Paspalum spp., sendo as sementes cedidas pela Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste. O delineamento experimental utiliza­do foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As médias das características foram agrupadas pelo teste Scott-Knott. Foram evidenciados genótipos com potencial para forrageamento. Paspalum mala­cophyllum destacou-se em relação às características morfofisiológicas, químicas e anatômicas. Para as características anatômicas com proporções de tecidos de maior qualidade, o genótipo Paspalum glau­cescens também se destacou, apresentando altas proporções de mesofilo e bainha parenquimática dos feixes. As avaliações anatômicas de lâminas foliares de Paspalum spp. indicaram importantes diferenças entre os genótipos quanto à proporção e à composição de tecidos.
Allelopathic Inhibition of Nitrifying Bacteria by Legumes
Authors: Umiyati Uum
Published: March 2018

The study aimed at understanding the competitive ability of legumes Vigna radiata L. and Mucuna pruriens with weeds and their effects on the activity of nitrifying bacteria in soils and the contents of organic-N in legumes and weeds. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three factors and four replications. The first factor was soil order, i.e. Inceptisol and Vertisol; the second factor was types of legumes, i.e. Vigna radiata L. cultivar Sriti and Mucuna pruriens; and the third factor was weed management, i.e. with weed management and without weed management. The results showed that Vigna radiata L. and Mucuna pruriens indirectly influence the supply of available nitrogen in soils that can be taken up by the coexisted plants or weeds via the inhibition of the growth of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter in soils. As a results, the organic-N content in weeds decreases, which is in contrast to the increasing amount of organic-N in Vigna radiata L. and Mucuna pruriens. The results indicated that Vigna radiata L. and Mucuna pruriens are considered as allelophatic legumes, resulting in low organic-N content in weeds.  Keywords: Allelopathic, Mucuna pruriens, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Vigna radiata
Improvement of Soil Chemical Properties of Typic Hapludult After Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers
Authors: Mubarok Syariful , Kusumiyati Kusumiyati , Muhardiono Iman , Yuniarti Anni , Rosniawati Santi , Suminar Erni
Published: March 2018

Tuberose (Polyanthes tuberosa L.) is a potential flowering plant that will be developed in Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia. However, the characteristics of Typic Hapludult soil in Jatinangor , i.e. clay texture, acidic pH, and high amount of total-P but low in available-P cause the tuberose difficult to grow optimally. The aim of this study was to obtain the potential ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizer dosages for tuberose grown on Typic Hapludult. The combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers with different ratios (0/0; 0/1; 1/0; 0.5/0.5; 0.5/1; 1/0.5; 1/1.5; 1.5/0; 1.5/0.5, and 1.5/) were applied. The application of the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers showed positive effects on soil pH, available-P, total-P, and fresh weight of tuberose grown on Typic Hapludult. The application of 50% organic fertilizer + 50% inorganic fertilizer was an effective combination that was able to increase the fresh weight of tuberose up to 9240 g plant-1 or increasing the fresh weight by 39% in comparison to that in the control treatment (without fertilizer application).
The Effect of ADR & GDR Listing on Shareholder’s Wealth: Evidence from India
Authors: Chaturvedula Chakrapani
Published: March 2018

During the period January 2000 to December 2007, seventy nine companies raised capital through the ADR/GDR issues 99 times. This paper looks at the impact of ADR/GDR listing on shareholders wealth. Using an event study methodology and for the sample consisting of 13 ADR and 86 GDR listings the present study finds that ADR/GDR listing negatively effects shareholders wealth. The present study indicates that the potential drawbacks outweigh the benefits in international listing in Indian markets in the short run.
A New Pricing Model for Crude Oil Pre-Sale Units via SPFO (Standard Parallel Forward with Options) in Iran
Authors: Nikjou Ghasem , Najafi Hamed , Salmani Kamran
Published: March 2018

Nowadays energy has an important role as a driving sector of economy. Forecasting 150 billion dollars investment in energy sector during the fifth development program in Iran, the banking and financial system require a dynamic and modern economy and financial instruments. Obviously, this approach needs to remove legal barriers and modification of contracts. Financing in the oil industry has faced with serious challenges in recent years. In addition, investing in common offshore oil and gas resources is indispensable. Accordingly we are going to design a new contract which is called Oil SPFO (Standard Parallel Forward security with two Options under betting condition), in order to raise funds needed. In this article we would investigate the SPFO for Iran Ministry of Petroleum (MOP)’s finance and present a model for pricing the oil SPFO based on Black and Scholes option pricing model. Finally, we have some recommendations to develop the oil SPFO and suggest that other researchers work on pricing the oil parallel forward securities according to this model.
How Text Mining Approach can be Used to Understand Automobile Purchase
Authors: Zhao Shaoqiong
Published: March 2018

Word of mouth has long been recognized to be an influential variable in marketing. With the growth of Internet applications, traditional word of mouth has evolved into the online form where individuals spread their perceptions via the written word. With the rapid growth of comments by consumers over the Internet, in-depth purchasing related information is available to markers. In this paper we try to extract the essence of consumers’ attitudes from the online reviews posted on kbb.com through text-mining approach, which is the most popular and highly visited website in automobile industry. Thus we can identify the key features that are related to the prediction of positive/negative overall attitudes of online users. Then with the diagnostic of these identified key features through Gini indexing, they can be used to help to marketers in designing their keyword choices for more effective application of search engine marketing strategies for positive associated key features while identification of the negative associated key words will lead to discovery of problematic areas.
Publish and/or perish: A urological perspective on predatory publications
Authors: Di Lena Michael , Nickel J. Curtis
Published: March 2018

Introduction: It is an accepted axiom that academics must publish to be considered successful. Open-source journals are quickly gaining traction in the scientific community as an effective way to disseminate important research. The open-access movement includes many successful, well-respected operations, but has also spawned a plethora of journals, some predatory and others that appear to be amateurish academic traps. We provide a first look at open-source journals, both reputable and predatory, specifically pertaining to urology.Methods: A review of the email inbox of a single academic urologist was examined for journal article solicitations over a four-month span. Journals were excluded if they did not pertain to urology. Journals were analyzed according to journal-centred metrics (H-index, number of documents published, total citations, and number of citations per document) over one publishing year (2015).Results: A total of 32 journals contacting a single academic urologist were included in this review. The majority of journals originated from North America (84.3%) with a mean cost of $1567 CAD. Of the 32 journals, only seven were listed on reputable databases. Of these journals, analysis of journal-specific metrics showed, on average, a journal H-index of 6.71, total documents published over one year of 66.14, and number of citations per document of 0.59. Some publications were found to make false claims of listing in vetted academic databases.Conclusions: Choices for open-source journal publication are rapidly increasing in the field of urology. They are not all created equal. Publication in many of these journals will increase the risk of seeing academic careers perish rather than flourish.
Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasms With Papillary-like Nuclear Features Are Genetically and Biologically Similar to Adenomatous Nodules and Distinct From Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas With Extensive Follicular Growth
Authors: Johnson Daniel N. , Furtado Larissa V. , Long Bradley C. , Zhen Chao Jie , Wurst Michelle , Mujacic Ibro , Kadri Sabah , Segal Jeremy P. , Antic Tatjana , Cipriani Nicole A.
Published: March 2018

Context.—

Proposed noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTPs), formerly noninvasive encapsulated papillary carcinoma, follicular variant (PTC-FV), is an indolent tumor with follicular growth and frequent RAS mutations.

Objective.—

To detect histologic and molecular differences separating NIFTP from follicular adenomas (FAs) and invasive carcinomas, particularly papillary carcinomas with extensive follicular growth (PTC-EFGs) and invasive encapsulated PTC-FV (IE-PTC-FV).

Design.—

Sixty-one tumors were reviewed histologically and reclassified into 32 NIFTPs (52%), 4 IE-PTC-FVs (7%), 14 PTC-EFGs (23%), and 11 FAs (18%). Next-generation sequencing for mutations in 50 genes was performed. Clinical outcomes were recorded.

Results.—

The NIFTPs and FAs were well circumscribed and unencapsulated. The FAs had bland nuclei, whereas the NIFTPs showed at least 2 of 3 (67%; sufficient) nuclear features (enlargement, irregular contours, chromatin clearing). The IE-PTC-FVs had follicular growth, sufficient nuclear features, and extensive capsular invasion. The PTC-EFGs had a median of 5% papillae with intrathyroidal invasion (broad-based, sclerotic, or small follicle growth patterns); intranuclear pseudoinclusions were present only in PTC-EFGs (9 of 14; 64%). Mutations included RAS in 20 of the 32 NIFTPs (62%), 4 of the 11 FAs (36%), and 3 of the 4 IE-PTC-FVs (75%); BRAF K601E in 1 NIFTP (3%); BRAF V600E in 5 PTC-EFGs (36%). No NIFTPs or FAs recurred or metastasized. All 4 IE-PTC-FVs (100%) had hematogenous metastasis. Two PTC-EFGs (14%) had lymphatic metastasis.

Conclusions.—

The morphologic similarity and RAS mutations in FAs, NIFTPs, and IE-PTC-FVs supports the genetic similarity of those follicular neoplasms in contrast to the unique presence of BRAF V600E mutations in PTC-EFGs. Using strict diagnostic criteria supported by molecular testing, tumors with extensive follicular growth can be classified into follicular type or RAS-like (FA, NIFTP, IE-PTC-FV) versus papillary type or BRAF V600E–like (PTC-EFG).
Feasibility of the Less Is More Approach in Treating Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Diagnosed on Core Needle Biopsy: Ten-Year Review of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Upgraded to Invasion at Surgery
Authors: Podoll Mirna B. , Reisenbichler Emily S. , Roland Lania , Bruner Andrew , Mizuguchi Sarah , Sanders Mary Ann G.
Published: March 2018

Context.—

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represents 20% of screen-detected breast cancers. The likelihood that certain types of DCIS are slow growing and may never progress to invasion suggests that our current standards of treating DCIS could result in overtreatment. The LORIS (LOw RISk DCIS) and LORD (LOw Risk DCIS) trials address these concerns by randomizing patients with low-risk DCIS to either active surveillance or conventional treatment.

Objective.—

To determine the upgrade rate of DCIS diagnosed on core needle biopsy to invasive carcinoma at surgery and to evaluate the safety of managing low-risk DCIS with surveillance alone, by characterizing the pathologic and clinical features of upgraded cases and applying criteria of the LORD and LORIS trials to these cases.

Design.—

A 10-year retrospective analysis of DCIS on core needle biopsy with subsequent surgery.

Results.—

We identified 1271 cases of DCIS on core needle biopsy: 200 (16%) low grade, 649 (51%) intermediate grade, and 422 (33%) high grade. Of the 1271 cases, we found an 8% upgrade rate to invasive carcinoma (n = 105). Nineteen of the 105 upgraded cases (18%) had positive lymph nodes. Low-grade DCIS was least likely to upgrade to invasion, comprising 10% (10 of 105) of upgraded cases. Three of the 105 upgraded cases (3%) met criteria for the LORD trial, and all were low-grade DCIS on core needle biopsy with favorable biology on follow-up.

Conclusions.—

There is a clear risk of upgrade to invasion on follow-up excision; however, applying strict criteria of the LORD trial effectively decreases the likelihood of a missed invasive component or missed aggressive pathologic features.
Som en hand på axeln: beröring som posthumanistiskt feministiskt fenomen
Authors: Ceder Simon , Gunnarsson Karin
Published: March 2018

[A Hand on the Shoulder: Touch as a Posthuman Feminist Phenomenon] With a posthuman feminist perspective, we explore touch as a phenomenon in the philosophy of education. Our argument is that touch is one of the prominent phenomena in educational contexts and therefore it requires closer theoretical investigation. In this article, we seek to challenge a ‘subject centric’ and ‘anthropocentric’ perspective, proposing a posthuman approach where touch is relationally intra-active and constantly present with multiple directions. Inspired by the methodological approach ‘concept as method’, we explore the phenomenon of touch through tracing-and-cartographing how it is used in educational texts. Two central aspects – body and ‘natureculture’– appeared in the intersection of touch, education and posthuman feminism. Touch as an educational phenomenon is seen as active in highlighting everyday activities in educational practices, and pushing them to be questioned and disrupted. To conclude, we raise a few questions and discuss some challenges that emerged while working with touch as a posthuman feminist phenomenon.
Inhabiting a Place in the Common: Profanation and Biopolitics in Teaching
Authors: Hållander Marie
Published: March 2018

This article considers the common and shared world in teaching, by reference to the concept of profanation in relation to biopolitics. “To profane”, means to treat something (or someone) as worldly and as something “that can be played with”. The act of profanation has implications for how objects that are “put on the table” can be regarded in teaching and how these “objects” can become public goods. But what happens when things that are used in teaching are representations of social injustice and suffering? This article will give a critique of the idea of profanation, specifically discussing when teaching deals with social injustice and representations of suffering.
A model for passive and active transmembrane transport derived from thermodynamical principles
Authors: Herrera-Valdez Marco A
Published: March 2018

All transmembrane ionic fluxes, whether electrodiffusive or driven by active transport, can be thought of in terms of the energy required to move ions across the membrane. A generic formulation for the transmembrane flux of ions is derived from thermodynamical principles combining a kinetic scheme with the Butler-Volmer equation. The formulation describes active (i.e. mediated by pumps) and passive transmembrane transport (e.g. channel-mediated) mechanisms with the same functional form. The flux described by the formulation is a product of a basal rate and a difference of exponential functions that depends on the transmembrane concentrations of the ions undergoing transport, a term that controls the symmetry of the transport, and the direction in which each of the molecules is transported. Electrogenic fluxes described by the generic formulation also depend on the transmembrane potential, and can be readily converted into currents. The linear approximation around the reversal potential for the generic current turns out to be the widely used conductance-based formulation. The derivations presented here show that models of transmembrane potential can be formulated in terms of currents with a common functional form and provide theoretical explanations for the quantitative differences and the qualitative similarities between pump- and channel mediated ionic fluxes. The applicability of the generic formulations is illustrated with models of transmembrane potential that reproduce the dynamics of pacemaking in cardiocytes. The generic formulations presented here provide a common ground for the study of physiological phenomena that depend on transmembrane transport.
Complex Professional Learning: Physicians Working for Aid Organizations
Authors: Boström Katarzyna Wolanik
Published: March 2018

This article addresses the issue of professional learning of Swedish physicians returning from their work for international aid organisations in the global South. It is a qualitative case study based on 16 in-depth interviews, which uses a thematic narrative analysis, a typology of knowledge, and the concept of symbolic capital. The doctors’ assignments in settings radically different from the welfare state context meant professional challenges, including an initial feeling of de-skilling, but also enhanced reflexivity and intensive and complex learning. The doctors acquired new medical and organisational knowledge, improved diagnostic skills, new perspectives on different health care systems, cultural contexts, global power relations, and postcolonial hierarchies. Since their return to Sweden, they have encountered a friendly but rather shallow interest in their experiences. Their new insights and ideas for change have not been easy to validate as symbolic capital, and their intensive individual learning is seldom utilised for organisational learning.
Editorial
Authors: Champy Florent
Published: March 2018

Editorial
Temperament and character effects on late adolescents’ well-being and emotional-behavioural difficulties
Authors: Crescentini Cristiano , Garzitto Marco , Paschetto Andrea , Brambilla Paolo , Fabbro Franco
Published: March 2018

Background

Research on adults points to personality as a crucial determinant of well-being. The present study investigates the question of personality’s relation to well-being and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence.

Methods

We assessed the role of temperament and character (Temperament and Character Inventory, TCI-125), on psychological well-being (PWB; Psychological Well-Being scales), subjective well-being (SWB; Positive and Negative Affect, PA and NA, respectively), and psychosocial adjustment (emotional-behavioural problems measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for Adolescents, SDQ-A), in 72 Italian late adolescents (aged 17.5 ± 0.75). Multiple regressions were conducted to predict PWB, SWB, and SDQ-A scores using TCI-125 scales as predictors.

Results

Character maturity, and in particular Self-Directedness, had a widespread protective effect on well-being and psychosocial adjustment, while different strengths and emotional-behavioural difficulties were associated to specific temperamental and character traits. For example, Harm-Avoidance and Novelty-Seeking positively predicted internalized and externalized problems, respectively.

Discussion

The present results suggest the usefulness of continuing to evaluate temperament and, in particular, character dimensions in investigations focused on adolescents’ well-being and psychosocial functioning, especially in the contexts of potential interventions aimed at enhancing development of adolescents’ character dimensions at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal levels.
Genetic diversity and molecular evolution ofOrnithogalum mosaic virusbased on the coat protein gene sequence
Authors: Gao Fangluan , Du Zhenguo , Shen Jianguo , Yang Hongkai , Liao Furong
Published: March 2018

Ornithogalum mosaic virus(OrMV) has a wide host range and affects the production of a variety of ornamentals. In this study, the coat protein (CP) gene of OrMVwas used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of this virus. The 36 OrMV isolates fell into two groups which have significant subpopulation differentiation with anFSTvalue of 0.470. One isolate was identified as a recombinant and the other 35 recombination-free isolates could be divided into two major clades under different evolutionary constraints withdN/dS values of 0.055 and 0.028, respectively, indicating a role of purifying selection in the differentiation of OrMV. In addition, the results from analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the effect of host species on the genetic divergence of OrMV is greater than that of geography. Furthermore, OrMV isolates from the generaOrnithogalum, LachenaliaandDiuritended to group together, indicating that OrMV diversification was maintained, in part, by host-driven adaptation.
Covalent Organic Frameworks as a Decorating Platform for Utilization and Affinity Enhancement of Chelating Sites for Radionuclide Sequestration
Authors: Sun Qi , Aguila Briana , Earl Lyndsey D. , Abney Carter W. , Wojtas Lukasz , Thallapally Praveen K. , Ma Shengqian
Published: March 2018

The potential consequences of nuclear events and the complexity of nuclear waste management motivate the development of selective solid‐phase sorbents to provide enhanced protection. Herein, it is shown that 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with unique structures possess all the traits to be well suited as a platform for the deployment of highly efficient sorbents such that they exhibit remarkable performance, as demonstrated by uranium capture. The chelating groups laced on the open 1D channels exhibit exceptional accessibility, allowing significantly higher utilization efficiency. In addition, the 2D extended polygons packed closely in an eclipsed fashion bring chelating groups in adjacent layers parallel to each other, which may facilitate their cooperation, thereby leading to high affinity toward specific ions. As a result, the amidoxime‐functionalized COFs far outperform their corresponding amorphous analogs in terms of adsorption capacities, kinetics, and affinities. Specifically, COF‐TpAb‐AO is able to reduce various uranium contaminated water samples from 1 ppm to less than 0.1 ppb within several minutes, well below the drinking water limit (30 ppb), as well as mine uranium from spiked seawater with an exceptionally high uptake capacity of 127 mg g−1. These results delineate important synthetic advances toward the implementation of COFs in environmental remediation.
Stretchable All‐Gel‐State Fiber‐Shaped Supercapacitors Enabled by Macromolecularly Interconnected 3D Graphene/Nanostructured Conductive Polymer Hydrogels
Authors: Li Panpan , Jin Zhaoyu , Peng Lele , Zhao Fei , Xiao Dan , Jin Yong , Yu Guihua
Published: March 2018

Nanostructured conductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs) have been extensively applied in energy storage owing to their advantageous features, such as excellent electrochemical activity and relatively high electrical conductivity, yet the fabrication of self‐standing and flexible electrode‐based CPHs is still hampered by their limited mechanical properties. Herein, macromolecularly interconnected 3D graphene/nanostructured CPH is synthesized via self‐assembly of CPHs and graphene oxide macrostructures. The 3D hybrid hydrogel shows uniform interconnectivity and enhanced mechanical properties due to the strong macromolecular interaction between the CPHs and graphene, thus greatly reducing aggregation in the fiber‐shaping process. A proof‐of‐concept all‐gel‐state fibrous supercapacitor based on the 3D polyaniline/graphene hydrogel is fabricated to demonstrate the outstanding flexibility and mouldability, as well as superior electrochemical properties enabled by this 3D hybrid hydrogel design. The proposed device can achieve a large strain (up to ≈40%), and deliver a remarkable volumetric energy density of 8.80 mWh cm−3 (at power density of 30.77 mW cm−3), outperforming many fiber‐shaped supercapacitors reported previously. The all‐hydrogel design opens up opportunities in the fabrication of next‐generation wearable and portable electronics.
Diaryl‐1,2,3‐Triazolylidene Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Soellner Johannes , Strassner Thomas
Published: March 2018

Control of the excited state geometry by rational ligand design leads to a new class of phosphorescent emitters with extraordinary photophysical properties. Extension of the π‐system in the triplet state leading to a significant bathochromic shift of the emission was avoided by introduction of additional steric demand. We report the synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of novel platinum(II) complexes bearing C^C* cyclometalated mesoionic carbene (MIC) with different β‐diketonate ligands. The MIC ligand precursors were prepared from 1‐phenyl‐1,2,3‐triazole using arylation protocols, introducing phenyl or mesityl functionalities. A solid state structure confirming the NMR assignments is presented. The emission properties were investigated in detail at room temperature and 77 K and are supported by DFT calculations and cyclic voltammetry. All complexes, with emission maxima between 502–534 nm, emit with quantum efficiencies ranging from 70–84 % in PMMA films.
Expanding the Schulze–Hardy Rule and the Hofmeister Series to Nanometer‐Scaled Hydrophilic Macroions
Authors: Chu Yang , Chen Jiahui , Haso Fadi , Gao Yunyi , Szymanowski Jennifer E. S. , Burns Peter C. , Liu Tianbo
Published: March 2018

The Schulze–Hardy rule is a well‐established observation in colloid science (can be derived from the DLVO theory) that demonstrates the relationship between the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of colloids and the valence of extra counterionic electrolytes (z), with a simple mathematical relationship of CCC≈z−6. Here the Schulze–Hardy Rule is expanded to much smaller, nano‐scaled soluble macroions in aqueous solution, by examining the stability of the macroions in the presence of additional electrolytes. The CCC values of the macroions follow the general trend of CCC≈z−n but the n value is significantly dependent on the surface charge density of the macroions, ranging from n=2 at very low surface charge density to n=6 at a high surface charge density. In addition, different cations with the same valence showed clear different impacts on the CCC values, with an interesting trend being connected to the Hofmeister series originally discovered in protein solutions.
Hydrogenation of Fluorographite and Fluorographene: An Easy Way to Produce Highly Hydrogenated Graphene
Authors: Bouša Daniel , Mazánek Vlastimil , Sedmidubský David , Jankovský Ondřej , Pumera Martin , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: March 2018

Fluorographene is an excellent precursor for the synthesis of graphene derivatives. Relative to pure graphene, fluorographene possesses higher reactivity and, in comparison with graphene oxide, is also homogenous in composition, which enables the preparation of well‐defined materials. Recently, it has been shown that several graphene derivatives can be synthesized from fluorographene, thus yielding various products such as graphene acid or alkylated graphene. This study focuses on the hydrogenation of fluorographene by using various hydrogenation reactions, including the use complex hydrides and solvated electrons in different media. In addition, a comparison of these reactions shows that fluorinated graphite has significantly lower reactivity than fluorographene. The conversion rates of these reactions are higher when fluorographene is used relative to fluorographite. These reactions can be used to tune the hydrogen/fluorine composition on a graphene backbone.