bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hate Speech
Authors: Carlson Caitlin Ring
Published: April 2021

An investigation of hate speech: legal approaches, current controversies, and suggestions for limiting its spread.

Hate speech can happen anywhere—in Charlottesville, Virginia, where young men in khakis shouted, “Jews will not replace us”; in Myanmar, where the military used Facebook to target the Muslim Rohingya; in Capetown, South Africa, where a pastor called on ISIS to rid South Africa of the "homosexual curse.” In person or online, people wield language to attack others for their race, national origin, religion, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, disability, or other aspects of identity. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series examines hate speech: what it is, and is not; its history; and efforts to address it.

Author Caitlin Ring Carlson, an expert in communication and mass media, defines hate speech as any expression—spoken words, images, or symbols—that seeks to malign people for their immutable characteristics. Hate speech is not synonymous with offensive speech—saying that you do not like someone does not constitute hate speech—or hate crimes, which are criminal acts motivated by prejudice. Hate speech traumatizes victims and degrades societies that condone it. Carlson investigates legal approaches taken by the EU, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Japan, South Africa, and the United States, with a detailed discussion of how the U.S. addresses, and in most cases, allows, hate speech. She explores recent hate speech controversies, and suggests ways that governments, colleges, media organizations, and other organizations can limit the spread of hate speech.
A calcineurin-mediated scaling mechanism that controls a K+-leak channel to regulate morphogen and growth factor transcription
Authors: Yi Chao , Spitters Tim WGM , Al-Far Ezz Al-Din Ahmed , Wang Sen , Xiong TianLong , Cai Simian , Yan Xin , Guan Kaomei , Wagner Michael , El-Armouche Ali , Antos Christopher L
Published: April 2021

The increase in activity of the two-pore potassium-leak channel Kcnk5b maintains allometric juvenile growth of adult zebrafish appendages. However, it remains unknown how this channel maintains allometric growth and how its bioelectric activity is regulated to scale these anatomical structures. We show the activation of Kcnk5b is sufficient to activate several genes that are part of important development programs. We provide in vivo transplantation evidence that the activation of gene transcription is cell autonomous. We also show that Kcnk5b will induce the expression of different subsets of the tested developmental genes in different cultured mammalian cell lines, which may explain how one electrophysiological stimulus can coordinately regulate the allometric growth of diverse populations of cells in the fin that use different developmental signals. We also provide evidence that the post-translational modification of serine 345 in Kcnk5b by calcineurin regulates channel activity to scale the fin. Thus, we show how an endogenous bioelectric mechanism can be regulated to promote coordinated developmental signaling to generate and scale a vertebrate appendage.
CEM500K, a large-scale heterogeneous unlabeled cellular electron microscopy image dataset for deep learning
Authors: Conrad Ryan , Narayan Kedar
Published: April 2021

Automated segmentation of cellular electron microscopy (EM) datasets remains a challenge. Supervised deep learning (DL) methods that rely on region-of-interest (ROI) annotations yield models that fail to generalize to unrelated datasets. Newer unsupervised DL algorithms require relevant pre-training images, however, pre-training on currently available EM datasets is computationally expensive and shows little value for unseen biological contexts, as these datasets are large and homogeneous. To address this issue, we present CEM500K, a nimble 25 GB dataset of 0.5 × 106 unique 2D cellular EM images curated from nearly 600 three-dimensional (3D) and 10,000 two-dimensional (2D) images from >100 unrelated imaging projects. We show that models pre-trained on CEM500K learn features that are biologically relevant and resilient to meaningful image augmentations. Critically, we evaluate transfer learning from these pre-trained models on six publicly available and one newly derived benchmark segmentation task and report state-of-the-art results on each. We release the CEM500K dataset, pre-trained models and curation pipeline for model building and further expansion by the EM community. Data and code are available at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/emdb/empiar/entry/10592/ and https://git.io/JLLTz.
Inflammation rapidly recruits mammalian GMP and MDP from bone marrow into regional lymphatics
Authors: Serrano-Lopez Juana , Hegde Shailaja , Kumar Sachin , Serrano Josefina , Fang Jing , Wellendorf Ashley M , Roche Paul A , Rangel Yamileth , Carrington Leolene J , Geiger Hartmut , Grimes H Leighton , Luther Sanjiv , Maillard Ivan , Sanchez-Garcia Joaquin , Starczynowski Daniel T , Cancelas Jose A
Published: April 2021

Innate immune cellular effectors are actively consumed during systemic inflammation, but the systemic traffic and the mechanisms that support their replenishment remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that acute systemic inflammation induces the emergent activation of a previously unrecognized system of rapid migration of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors and committed macrophage-dendritic progenitors, but not other progenitors or stem cells, from bone marrow (BM) to regional lymphatic capillaries. The progenitor traffic to the systemic lymphatic circulation is mediated by Ccl19/Ccr7 and is NF-κB independent, Traf6/IκB-kinase/SNAP23 activation dependent, and is responsible for the secretion of pre-stored Ccl19 by a subpopulation of CD205+/CD172a+conventional dendritic cells type 2 and upregulation of BM myeloid progenitor Ccr7 signaling. Mature myeloid Traf6 signaling is anti-inflammatory and necessary for lymph node myeloid cell development. This report unveils the existence and the mechanistic basis of a very early direct traffic of myeloid progenitors from BM to lymphatics during inflammation.
Single-dose BNT162b2 vaccine protects against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Jones Nick K , Rivett Lucy , Seaman Shaun , Samworth Richard J , Warne Ben , Workman Chris , Ferris Mark , Wright Jo , Quinnell Natalie , Shaw Ashley ,   Cambridge COVID-19 Collaboration, Amory Amy , Baker Stephen , Bateman Emma , Begum Aklima , Begum Moushima , Bradley John , Brennan Michael , Burn Helen , Crofts Caroline , Chaudhry Afzal , Chaudhry Yasmin , Cooper Daniel J , Dawson Sharon , Dougan Gordon , Feather Renny , Free Louise , Friel Katie , Gildea Claire , Georgana Iliana , Grimwade Lizz , Gupta Ravi , Hall Susan , Hannan Sophie , Hayes James , Hosaja Aleksandra , Hosmillo Myra , Izuagbe Rhys , Jahun Aminu , James Lidia , Jardin Jill , Kingston Nathalie , Lear Sara , Lyons Paul A , Maxwell Patrick H , Mott Sue , Mugavin Sarah , Mwiya Joyce , Peacock Sharon , Nallattil Ravi Prakash , Oloyede Kazeem , Ouwehand Willem H , Page Elle , Perez Marina , Raine Tim , Routledge Matthew , Saunders Caroline , Smith Kenneth GC , Sparkes Dominic , Stafford Maria , Summers Charlotte , Tatsi Despiona , Thaventhiran James ED , Thomas Johnson Sharon , Török M Estée , Toshner Mark , Turner Lesley , Wall Kate , Watson Karis , Goodfellow Ian G , Lehner Paul J , Howes Rob , Wright Giles , Matheson Nicholas J , Weekes Michael P
Published: April 2021

The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) is being utilised internationally for mass COVID-19 vaccination. Evidence of single-dose protection against symptomatic disease has encouraged some countries to opt for delayed booster doses of BNT162b2, but the effect of this strategy on rates of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. We previously demonstrated frequent pauci- and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) during the UK’s first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, using a comprehensive PCR-based HCW screening programme (Rivett et al., 2020; Jones et al., 2020). Here, we evaluate the effect of first-dose BNT162b2 vaccination on test positivity rates and find a fourfold reduction in asymptomatic infection amongst HCWs ≥12 days post-vaccination. These data provide real-world evidence of short-term protection against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine, suggesting that mass first-dose vaccination will reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, as well as the burden of COVID-19 disease.
De Luce Boreali
Authors: Mayer Friedrich Christoph
Published: April 2021

This is Friedrich Christoph Mayer's second article "De Luce Boreali" (On the Nothern Light), as published in the Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae Tomus IV ad annum 1729 (printed 1735).
Loodus tuleb tagasi: delfiinid ja saurused. Libauudistest, photoshop-muistenditest ja meemidest koroonakarantiini ajal
Authors:   Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia, Kalmre Eda
Published: April 2021

The article follows the narrative trend initiated by the social media posts and fake news during the first months of the corona quarantine, which claims that the decrease of contamination due to the quarantine has a positive effect on the environment and nature recovery. The author describes the context of the topic and follows the changes in the rhetoric through different genres, discussing the ways in which a picture can tell a truthful story. What is the relation between the context, truth, and rhetoric? This material spread globally, yet it was also readily “translated” into the Estonian context, and – what is very characteristic of the entire pandemic material – when approaching this material, truthful and fabricated texts, photos, and videos were combined. From the folkloristic point of view, these rumours in the form of fake news, first presented in the function of a tall tale and further following the sliding truth scale of legends, constitute a part of coping strategies, so-called crisis humour, yet, on the other hand, also a belief story presenting positive imagery, which surrounds the mainly apocalyptically perceived pandemic period and interprets the human existence on a wider scale. Even if these fake news and memes have no truth value, they communicate an idea – nature recovers – and definitely offer hope and a feeling of well-being.
Koroona-aasta Triinu Merese blogis “Maha äng”
Authors:   Estonian Cultural History Archives, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia, Ojamaa Triinu
Published: April 2021

The history of the (we)blog shows that this online genre can be evaluated as an excellent source of data for qualitative research of various problems. Some authors (e.g. Hookway 2008) even consider the blog as a research technique for exploring certain questions which deal with people’s everyday practices. This article presents the results of a case study, which are based on content analysis of a personal blog (diary blog). The study grew out of the premise that the blog owners’ posts and their readers’ comments can shed some light on ground-breaking events and social processes at both the local and global levels, which in turn can influence the bloggers’ behaviour in various ways. The source of the current study was a personal blog titled “Maha äng” (“Down with angst”), the owner of which is poet and writer Triinu Meres a.k.a. väga väga naine (very very woman). The aim was to find out whether and, if yes, then how the corona crisis has changed the blogging behaviour as an integral part of everyday life of one particular blogger. The focus was on posts and comments entered in 2020, often called the year of corona due to the global pandemic. To illuminate possible changes in blogging behaviour, the 2020 posts were analysed in the context of earlier posts archived in 2008–2019. For comparison, the Health Board’s blog was used, which documented the course of the corona crisis chronologically with factual accuracy, as well as dailies in Estonian and English. The results of the study showed that in 2020 the number of posts and the activity of commenters in Triinu Meres’ personal blog did not increase and that the corona crisis did not become the dominant topic in comparison with the blogger’s personal crisis often covered in her blog. The posts revealed some signs that suggest boredom with the corona crisis as a topic of conversation which seemed to be over-exploited by various media channels.
“Surm on ainus, mis hirmutab”: viirusnakkushaiguste ja nendega seotud vaktsineerimise tähenduse loomine gripi ja koroonaviiruse näitel
Authors:   Health Education Centre, Tallinn Health Care College, Lubi Kadi , Metsoja Eliisa ,   Influenza Centre, Health Board of the Republic of Estonia, Eha Kaie ,   Medical Technology Education Centre, Tallinn Health Care College, Mets-Oja Silja ,   Health Education Centre, Tallinn Health Care College, Ruuben Lilian ,   Medical Technology Education Centre, Tallinn Health Care College
Published: April 2021

Although relatively easy to overcome for young and healthy individuals, seasonal influenza is a disease with considerable health, social, and economic consequences for society, especially for higher-risk groups. Even though vaccination against influenza is the most effective tool to prevent it, vaccination rates remain rather low. Together with the promotion of neoliberal individual responsibility over one’s health, vaccine hesitancy – a complex phenomenon indicating the lower uptake of vaccines compared to the accessibility of information and services – has risen among societies. In previous research, several barriers – for example, psychological, physical, contextual, and sociodemographic – have been identified as preventing influenza vaccine uptake among risk groups. We approach the topic by using the social constructionist theory regarding the meaning construction of illnesses on cultural, individual, and third-party level. The findings outline the importance of meaning construction on all these levels. It appears that culturally influenza has been seen as an inevitable infectious disease related to the northern climate. Due to that, influenza is not considered as a life-threatening disease that would need preventive actions, except some basic hygiene or usage of folk medicine tools (e.g., ginger and garlic). On an individual level, the meaning construction is based on individual experiences, both with the illness and the vaccine – in the case of negative experiences with vaccine, the perception of something useless or even harmful develops. In addition, it appears that people create their own strategies to rationalize rejection of vaccination for themselves. These involve considerations about belonging to the risk group or the possibility to manage daily activities in non-risky manner even when belonging to the risk group. On the third-party level, participants saw the potential of pharmacies to alleviate practical constraints (e.g., tight schedule, daily occupation, etc.). Different media channels are also important in mediating vaccination-related information, but the rationalization and selection of the channels vary widely. The context of the coronavirus changed the vaccination-related perception temporarily for a short term, indicating that fear-based special occasions do not entail a long-term shift in health behaviour as the development of health-related decisions and behaviour is also long-term.
IoT-CCAC: a blockchain-based consortium capability access control approach for IoT
Authors: Bouras Mohammed Amine , Xia Boming , Abuassba Adnan Omer , Ning Huansheng , Lu Qinghua
Published: April 2021

Access control is a critical aspect for improving the privacy and security of IoT systems. A consortium is a public or private association or a group of two or more institutes, businesses, and companies that collaborate to achieve common goals or form a resource pool to enable the sharing economy aspect. However, most access control methods are based on centralized solutions, which may lead to problems like data leakage and single-point failure. Blockchain technology has its intrinsic feature of distribution, which can be used to tackle the centralized problem of traditional access control schemes. Nevertheless, blockchain itself comes with certain limitations like the lack of scalability and poor performance. To bridge the gap of these problems, here we present a decentralized capability-based access control architecture designed for IoT consortium networks named IoT-CCAC. A blockchain-based database is utilized in our solution for better performance since it exhibits favorable features of both blockchain and conventional databases. The performance of IoT-CCAC is evaluated to demonstrate the superiority of our proposed architecture. IoT-CCAC is a secure, salable, effective solution that meets the enterprise and business’s needs and adaptable for different IoT interoperability scenarios.
Measuring change in biological communities: multivariate analysis approaches for temporal datasets with low sample size
Authors: Buckley Hannah L. , Day Nicola J. , Case Bradley S. , Lear Gavin
Published: April 2021

Effective and robust ways to describe, quantify, analyse, and test for change in the structure of biological communities over time are essential if ecological research is to contribute substantively towards understanding and managing responses to ongoing environmental changes. Structural changes reflect population dynamics, changes in biomass and relative abundances of taxa, and colonisation and extinction events observed in samples collected through time. Most previous studies of temporal changes in the multivariate datasets that characterise biological communities are based on short time series that are not amenable to data-hungry methods such as multivariate generalised linear models. Here, we present a roadmap for the analysis of temporal change in short-time-series, multivariate, ecological datasets. We discuss appropriate methods and important considerations for using them such as sample size, assumptions, and statistical power. We illustrate these methods with four case-studies analysed using the R data analysis environment.
Changes in the analysis of temporal community dynamics data: a 29-year literature review
Authors: Buckley Hannah L. , Day Nicola J. , Lear Gavin , Case Bradley S.
Published: April 2021

Background

Understanding how biological communities change over time is of increasing importance as Earth moves into the Anthropocene. A wide variety of methods are used for multivariate community analysis and are variously applied to research that aims to characterise temporal dynamics in community composition. Understanding these methods and how they are applied is useful for determining best practice in community ecology.

Methodology

We reviewed the ecological literature from 1990 to 2018 that used multivariate methods to address questions of temporal community dynamics. For each paper that fulfilled our search criteria, we recorded the types of multivariate analysis used to characterise temporal community dynamics in addition to the research aim, habitat type, location, taxon and the experimental design.

Results

Most studies had relatively few temporal replicates; the median number was seven time points. Nearly 70% of studies applied more than one analysis method; descriptive methods such as bar graphs and ordination were the most commonly applied methods. Surprisingly, the types of analyses used were only related to the number of temporal replicates, but not to research aim or any other aspects of experimental design such as taxon, or habitat or year of study.

Conclusions

This review reveals that most studies interested in understanding community dynamics use relatively short time series meaning that several, more sophisticated, temporal analyses are not widely applicable. However, newer methods using multivariate dissimilarities are growing in popularity and many can be applied to time series of any length.
Relationship of Bone Marrow Plasma Cell Morphology with Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Narang Vikram , Luthra Maneet , Garg Avantika , Dhiman Amit , Sood Neena
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Cytogenetics has become an integral part of Multiple Myeloma (MM) diagnosis and prognostication. A combination of conventional cytogenetics and interphase Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) is currently used to stratify tumours into high, intermediate and standard risk disease. Aim: To compare the morphological details of plasma cells with cytogenetic abnormalities. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Pathology Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana in three and a half year duration (1st January 2014 to 30th June 2017). All the diagnosed MM patients in whom cytogenetic was available were included and descriptive analysis was done using Chi-Square test and relevant statistical analysis using SPSS 21 version. Correlation was done with various morphological pattern (plasmacytic, plasma blastic). Results: Cytogenetic studies were performed on 42 cases using FISH technique (n=31, 81.6%) and GTG (Giemsa) banding (n=4, 10.5%). Three (7.9%) patients were tested with both methods. In the present study, all the patients (n=2,100%) with plasmablastic morphology who got tested with cytogenetics had del13q14.3 and none of the patients with normal genome (n=22) had plasmablastic morphology. Conclusion: Morphologic patterns of plasma cells and cytogenetic studies correlate well and can together help in better prognostication of MM patients.
An Infrequent Adenosarcoma Mimicking other Uterine Rhabdoid Tumours
Authors: Archana B , Sundaram Sandhya , Cruze Lawrence D , Rajeshwari KS
Published: April 2021

Uterine sarcomas are relatively rare and account for only 1-3% of all malignancies in the Female Genital Tract (FGT). Adenosarcomas of the uterus are uncommon accounting for only 5% of uterine sarcomas. They are considered less recurrent and less metastatic. However, those with sarcomatous overgrowth and heterologous differentiation are very rare, considered aggressive and need to be differentiated histologically from other sarcomas that mimic the same clinically and histologically. In the index case, a 50-year-old female presented with symptoms of pain in the abdomen and bleeding per vagina. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed a large polypoid solid mass in the endometrium, suggestive of a sarcoma. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan showed an Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid lesion in the endometrial cavity (SUV max-13.33). Total abdominal hysterectomy and salpingooophorectomy was performed. Histology showed a biphasic tumour (benign glands and malignant mesenchymal component) with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation and sarcomatous overgrowth. Presence of rhabdoid cells raises the possibility of other sarcomas with these features making the diagnosis challenging. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed it to be a high grade adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth. Desmin positivity was noted in the rhabdoid cells. Majority cases of adenosarcoma are low grade, the index case was however high grade with presence of heterologous elements and sarcomatous overgrowth. Neither radiology nor clinical features can reliably differentiate adenosarcomas from other uterine sarcomas. A definitive diagnosis can be made by understanding the overlapping morphological features and correlate it with IHC to reliably differentiate it with other similar looking uterine sarcomas.
Conflict between Patient and Health Care Professionals: Identify and Resolve: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Shree Anu , Lal Atil Kumar , Kushwaha Sudhir Shyam , Bharti Ajay
Published: April 2021

Conflict between patient and health care professionals is increasing over time. Traditionally, the medical profession has been considered the most honourable profession and the professionals are held with great esteem as they are considered next to God. Unfortunately, there seems to have been developed a distinct discord between the patient and the health care professional relationship with disturbing incidents catching the headlines. These conflicts range from simple disagreements to major violence against the very people who are trying to undertake patient’s care. Ultimately, it is in the best interest of both the patient and the health care professional to have a harmonious relationship based on utmost trust which is the very keynote of mutual understanding resulting in the benefit both of them. Authors are now trying with deep sincerity for mitigation of distrust and exploring possible resolution strategies to apply in clinical practice in order to overcome them.
Circulating MicroRNA 29a: An Evolving Biomarker for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Garg Jaya , Garg Atul , Kumar Anand
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is global health problem threatening millions every year. There is urgent need of effective biomarkers for its diagnostics and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as novel and non-invasive molecular markers in blood. Aim: This study was done to evaluate serum miRNAs as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, acute pulmonary TB patients were recruited based on positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in sputum samples and Microarray expression profiling was performed on blood of these patients to study differentially expressed miRNAs. The results were validated by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) on pulmonary TB cases and healthy controls. Student’s t-tests and analysis variance tests were used for statistical analysis. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Results of microarray expression profiling showed 75 differentially expressed miRNAs in cases of pulmonary TB; among these 5 upregulated and 2 downregulated miRNAs were evaluated by RT-PCR. miRNA 29a exhibited good distinguishing efficiency; followed by miRNA 384. ROC plot of expression data for miRNA in cases and control groups showed that AUC of miRNA-29a was 0.8268 (sensitivity=80%, specificity=82%) . Conclusion: This study suggests that altered levels of serum miRNAs have great potential to serve as non-invasive biomarkers for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfection. miRNA-29a can be used as an effective biomarker for diagnosis of pulmonary TB.
The Role of Trichoderma Species in Plants Response to Salt Stress
Authors: Boamah Solomon , Zhang Shuwu , Xu Bingliang , Tong LI , Inayat Rehan , Calderón-Urrea Alejandro
Published: April 2021

Soil salinity is a pending threat to global agricultural sustainability and food security. The natural means of alleviating this stress have become the major concern as to which methods, mechanisms, and organisms to be used.  Soil-borne fungi Trichoderma has proven to alleviate salinity stress in plants. This review aimed to shed light on the roles and mechanisms of some species of Trichoderma in response to salt stress and other merits to plant growth and development. Detailed of this research reviewed the level of growth promotion induced by Trichoderma species with an estimated increase of 200% of total plant biomass compared with control plants from literature. The defined mechanisms of Trichoderma in combating salinity stress in plants are; formation of ion channels in host plants, activation of ion exchange (K+/N+), increase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, antioxidants, and genes, production of phytohormones and their signal pathways, stimulates root formation and developments, regulate stomata conductance through the increment of carotenoids in host plants which corresponds to the functions of the photosystems.
Influence of Different Levels of Sulphur and Potassium and their Interactions on Different Quality and Storage Parameters of Potato
Authors: Rather Muzamil A. , Chattoo M. A. , Bhat T. A. , Mushtaq F. , Rashid M. , Shah M. , Sultan A.
Published: April 2021

Quality and storage attributes are major concern for potato cultivators as well as processors. Therefore an investigation was carried out to study influence of different levels of sulphur and potassium on different quality and storage parameters of potato. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications of two factors with four levels of each factor. The two factors were S (sulphur) and K (potassium) with four levels as, S0 (control or no sulphur), S1 (20 kg S ha-1), S2 (40 kg S ha-1) and S3 (60 kg S ha-1) where as potassium levels were, K0 (control or no potassium), K1 (100 kg K ha-1), K2 (125 kg K ha-1) and K3 (150 kg K ha-1). Maximum value (1.48 g cc-1) for specific gravity, Soluble solid content (6.31 0Brix), vitamin C (16.58 mg 100 g-1), crude protein content(1.93%) and Dry matter content (23.09%) in tubers were recorded with S3 (60 kg ha-1) , besides significantly lower values of physiological weight loss (17.50%), sprouting (16.93%) and rotting (15.04%) were also recorded with S3 (60 kg ha-1) level followed by S2 (40 kg S ha-1). Significantly maximum values of quality traits like specific gravity (1.79 g cc-1), Soluble solid content (6.92 0Brix), vitamin C (21.62 mg 100 g-1), crude protein content (2.35%), Dry matter content (25.49%) in tubers were recorded with K3 (150 kg K ha-1), further significantly lower values of physiological weight loss (13.89%), sprouting (11.47 %) and rotting loss (9.92%) were recorded with S3 (150 kg K ha-1). Conjugation of 150 kg K ha-1 K+ 60 kg S ha-1 recorded maximum values of quality traits specific gravity (1.80), soluble solid content (7.63 0Brix), vitamin C (22.10 mg 100 g-1), crude protein content (2.49%) and dry matter content (25.92%), however S content of 0.367% was recorded with K3S3(150 kg K + 60 kg S ha-1), besides significantly lower values of physiological weight loss (13.47%), sprouting (10.44%) and rotting loss (5.43%) followed by S3K3 treatment.
PENGARUH MARKETING MIX (7P) DAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK HEALTHY FOOD BAR DI MALANG
Authors: Caroline Etty , Santoso Imam , Deoranto Panji
Published: April 2021

Abstrak: Peningkatan aktivitas dan pendapatan penduduk, mendorong diperlukannya makanan yang praktis, mudah, cepat cara penyajiannya serta bergizi. Healthy Food Bar (HFB) merupakan produk yang mempertimbangkan nilai gizi yang tinggi dan praktis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan dan parsial variabel dalam marketing mix (atribut produk, harga, saluran distribusi, promosi, orang, proses, lingkungan fisik) serta dalam perilaku konsumen (faktor  lingkungan, individu, psikologis) terhadap keputusan pembelian HFB. Hasil penelitian dari 100 responden menunjukan variabel marketing mix (produk, harga, saluran distribusi, promosi, orang, proses, lingkungan fisik) dan perilaku konsumen (faktor lingkungan, individu, psikologis) secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk HFB. Secara parsial variabel marketing mix (produk, harga, saluran distribusi, promosi, orang, proses) dan variabel perilaku konsumen (faktor lingkungan, individu, psikologis) berpengaruh signifikan sedangkan variabel lingkungn fisik berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk HFB.   Kata kunci : Healthy Food Bar, Marketing Mix, Perilaku Konsumen, Keputusan Pembelian, Regresi Linier Berganda Abstract: The improvement of activity and income the citizen need the practical, easy, fast, and nutritious foods. Healthy Food Bar ( HFB ) is a product that is considered a high nutritional value and practical. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variables simultaneously and partially in the marketing mix ( product attributes , pricing, distribution channels , promotion , people , process , physical environment ) as well as in consumer behavior ( environmental factors , individual , psychological ) to the purchasing decision HFB . The results of the study of 100 respondents showed variable marketing mix ( product , price , distribution channels , promotion , people , process , physical environment ) and consumer behavior ( environmental factors , individual , psychological ) simultaneously significant effect on product purchasing decisions HFB . In partial marketing mix ( product , price , distribution channels , promotion , people , process ) and consumer behavior variables ( environmental factors , individual , psychological ) significantly while the variable physical lingkungn insignificant effect on product purchasing decisions HFB . Keywords: Healthy Food Bar, Marketing Mix, Consumer Behaviour, Purchasing Decision, Multiple Linear Regression
School-to-work Transitions for Students with Intellectual Disabilities: Teachers' Perceptions and Experiences of a Recent Workplace-Based Reform in Sweden
Authors: Ineland Jens , Karhina Kateryna , Vikström Lotta
Published: April 2021

Having a job, or being employed, is associated with a number of positive effects. Although policies in Sweden support the right of people with disabilities to work and highlight access to employment as a priority, this group of people continues to lose out in employment against other citizens. However, little is known about actions or initiatives implemented to enhance labor market participation among people with disabilities. This study contributes useful findings on a promising implementation of a school-to-work transition initiative, workplace based learning (WBL), in special needs upper-secondary schools in Sweden. The aim of the study was to identify how teachers, having a key role in the implementation process, view and experience WBL and its actual functioning to enhance school-to-work transitions for students with intellectual disabilities. Drawing on 13 interviews with teachers working as supervisors and coordinators in the WBL training, our findings lead to three main conclusions. First, the teachers had significant reliance on WBL and its potential to prepare students for the labor market. Second, the teachers hesitated with regard to whether and to what extent WBL actually enhances school-to-work transitions. Third, the WBL reform has had significant negative effects on the working conditions of the supervising teachers involved. Our study uncovers a number of barriers for WBL to function as an actual bridge to work for students with intellectual disabilities, which we argue have important messages to bring for both policy and practice.
α‐Syntrophin alleviates ER stress to maintain protein homeostasis during myoblast differentiation
Authors: Moon Jae Yun , Kim Hye Sun
Published: April 2021

We have previously shown evidence that α‐syntrophin plays an important role in myoblast differentiation. In this study, we focused on abnormal myotube formation of the α‐syntrophin knockdown C2 cell line (SNKD). The overall amount of intracellular protein and muscle‐specific proteins in SNKD cells were significantly lower than those in the control. Akt‐mTOR signaling, an important pathway for protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy, was downregulated. In addition, the levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers increased in SNKD cells. The decrease in intracellular protein synthesis and reduction in the myotube diameter in SNKD cells were restored by 4‐phenylbutyric acid, a chemical chaperone, or overexpression of α‐syntrophin. These results suggest a novel role for α‐syntrophin in protein homeostasis during myoblast differentiation.
New York leaders cite social justice in enacting marijuana legalization
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: April 2021

In adopting state legislation last month to legalize marijuana for adult recreational use, New York lawmakers made it clear that they see their move largely as an exercise in social and economic equity. As implementation of the newly signed law proceeds, many will closely watch whether those who historically have been harmed by marijuana enforcement will benefit from legalization or will see their opportunity give way to other priorities.
Strain‐Modulated Light Emission Properties in a Single InGaN/GaN Multiple‐Quantum‐Well Microwire‐Based Flexible Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Luo Xingjun , Song Weidong , Gao Fangliang , Shi Jiang , Cheng Chuan , Guo Jiaqi , He Longfei , Liu Qing , Yang Yuqing , Li Shuti , Wu Qibao
Published: April 2021

Micro/nanowire light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have inspired considerable research interests due to their potential applications in microdisplays and micro/nano‐optoelectronic integrated systems. Herein, a single InGaN/GaN multiple‐quantum‐well (MQW) microwire‐based flexible LED with high‐efficiency current injection and spreading is fabricated, and the performance modulation of the device by external strain is further studied. The results show that under external compressive strains, the output power is enhanced and the peak wavelength is blue shifted; on the contrary, the output power declines and the peak wavelength is red shifted under stretch strains. Compared with strain‐free devices, the flexible LED achieves the best performance at a − 1% compressive strain, with external quantum efficiency (EQE) increasing by 14.2% and efficiency droop reducing by 17.9%. The effective improvements are attributed to external strain‐induced piezoelectric polarization charges presented at local junctions/interfaces tuning the energy band. Herein, an efficient external modulation of light emission properties in a single InGaN/GaN MQW microwire LED is presented.
Neutral Zn‐Air Battery Assembled with Single‐Atom Iridium Catalysts for Sensitive Self‐Powered Sensing System
Authors: Luo Xin , Yang Min , Song Weiyu , Fang Qie , Wei Xiaoqian , Jiao Lei , Xu Weiqing , Kang Yikun , Wang Hengjia , Wu Nannan , Gu Wenling , Zheng Lirong , Hu Liuyong , Zhu Chengzhou
Published: April 2021

Self‐powered sensing systems (SPSSs) are critical components in smart portable electronic devices. Zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) as promising energy devices provide a great opportunity to develop novel SPSS for sensing applications owing to the merit of high open‐circuit potential. Herein, hierarchically porous single‐atom iridium embedded nitrogen‐doped carbon (SA‐Ir/NC) is reported as an efficient catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the neutral ZABs, enabling the SPSSs towards glucose detection with a high sensitivity and stable output signal. The resultant SA‐Ir/NC shows superior ORR activity and stability to commercial Pt/C in neutral electrolytes. According to the theoretical calculations, IrN5 active sites in SA‐Ir/NC exhibit moderate adsorption free energy to reaction intermediates, giving SA‐Ir/NC excellent four‐electron ORR activity and well‐enhanced H2O2 tolerance. When SA‐Ir/NC is applied as an air cathode, the as‐prepared ZABs display a large open‐circuit voltage of 1.42 V, a remarkable power density of 90.4 mW cm−2, and excellent long‐term stability. After being integrated with glucose oxidase, the SPSSs are successfully established for sensitive detection of glucose based on a competitive model, holding great promise in biosensing applications.
Functionalized Polyurethane‐Coated Fabric with High Breathability, Durability, Reusability, and Protection Ability
Authors: Choi Moonhyun , Kim Youna , Park Sohyeon , Ka Dongwon , Kim Taihyun , Lee Sangmin , Sohn Eun‐Ho , Jin Youngho , Hong Jinkee
Published: April 2021

Transmission of pathogens via respiratory droplets can spread infections such as COVID‐19. Wearing a mask hinders the spread of COVID‐19 infection and has become mandatory in some cases. Although most masks are affordable and disposable, continual daily replacement is required due to their performance deterioration caused by washing and contamination. Hence, a urethane‐reactive coating material comprising perfluoro‐tert‐butanol‐hexamethylene diisocyanate is developed with highly hydrophobic and oleophobic properties to functionalize a polyurethane‐coated fabric to bestow high breathability, durability, reusability, and protection ability. Its functions are maintained after scratch and wash testing, and its air permeability and water vapor transmittance rate (necessary for respiration) are unaffected. Its filtration efficiency of water droplets containing 100 nm polystyrene particles (similar in size to SARS‐CoV‐2) is increased due to its highly hydrophobic properties. In addition, it inhibits the adsorption of bovine serum albumin, the spike protein of COVID‐19, and Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Environment Tolerant Conductive Nanocomposite Organohydrogels as Flexible Strain Sensors and Power Sources for Sustainable Electronics
Authors: Sun Hongling , Zhao Yi , Jiao Sulin , Wang Chunfeng , Jia Yunpeng , Dai Kun , Zheng Guoqiang , Liu Chuntai , Wan Pengbo , Shen Changyu
Published: April 2021

Conductive hydrogels (CHs) have been highlighted in the design of flexible strain sensors and stretchable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) on the basis of their excellent physicochemical properties such as large stretchability and high conductivity. Nevertheless, the incident freezing and drying behaviors of CHs by using water solvent as the dispersion medium limit their application scopes significantly. Herein, an environment tolerant and ultrastretchable organohydrogel is demonstrated by a simple solvent‐replacement strategy, in which the partial water in the as‐synthesized polyacrylamide/montmorillonite/carbon nanotubes hydrogel is replaced with the glycerol, leading to excellent temperature toleration (−60 to 60 °C) and good stability (30 days under normal environment) without sacrificing the stretchability and conductivity. The organohydrogel exhibits an ultrawide strain sensing range (0–4196%) with a high sensitivity of 8.5, enabling effective detection and discrimination of human activities that are gentle or drastic under various conditions. Furthermore, the organohydrogel is assembled in a single‐electrode TENG, which displays excellent energy harvesting ability even under a stretchability of 500% and robustness to directly power wearable electronics in harsh cold conditions. This work inspires a simple route for multifunctional organohydrogel and promises the practical application of flexible and self‐powered wearable devices in extreme environments.
Large‐eddy simulation of coal combustion in 15 MW pilot‐scale boiler‐simulation facility
Authors: Zhou Minmin , Parra‐Álvarez John , Wu Yuxin , Smith Sean T. , Smith Philip J.
Published: April 2021

High‐fidelity modeling provides a useful approach to investigate the multiscale multiphysics mechanism in the pulverized coal combustion. This research focuses on understanding the pulverized coal combustion in a pilot‐up facility: General electric (GE) 15 MW pilot‐scale boiler simulation facility (BSF). The heat flux to the boiler water wall, O2 concentration, and gas temperature are the quality of interest (QoI's) for this research, as they are the most important parameters for designing a full‐scale pulverized coal boiler. Even the heat flux in boiler is largely determined by the heat transfer mechanism, and other detailed multiphysics mechanisms, including multiphase turbulent flow, radiation heat transfer, ash deposition, coal devolatilization, and oxidation, also need to be accounted. This work applies large‐eddy simulation (LES) code on high‐performance computing facility to simulate pulverized coal combustion in BSF. The physics‐based submodel that contains the significant sensitivity for QoI's has been identified using the detailed impact factor analysis on this high‐fidelity modeling. Results indicate that the most sensitive submodel on QoI's is the wall‐heat‐transfer coupling with the ash‐deposition model, which allows us to prioritize to improve this submodel in the LES simulation. Thus, ash deposition and wall‐heat‐transfer processes have been modeled and integrated into coal combustion numerical simulation. The simulation results show quantitative agreement between the simulation with experimental data regarding gas temperature, O2 concentration, and heat‐flux profile across the exposed boiler walls. Another implication of this research is to demonstrate a positive societal impact of extreme computing and accelerate the development of new combustion technology using a capable exascale computing technique.
Hyperbaric oxygen management of recurrent cellulitis in poikiloderma with neutropenia
Authors: Roebke Logan J. , Vander Maten Josh W. , Alkhoury Ghattas
Published: April 2021

Poikiloderma with neutropenia (PN), is a rare autosomal recessive condition with many associated complications and manifestations. Here we present a patient with confirmed PN who is of one‐quarter Chucktaw or Cherokee heritage with no known descent from the Navajo tribe. The patient's condition was complicated by chronic bilateral lower limb cellulitis and associated osteomyelitis which was unresponsive to extensive antibiotic regimens. Subsequent treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) was successful. To date, no author has reported on the treatment of recurrent cellulitis using HBOT in this patient population. Based on our experience, HBOT should be considered in patients with PN.
In Vivo X‐ray Triggered Catalysis of H2 Generation for Cancer Synergistic Gas Radiotherapy
Authors: Wu Ying , Su Lichao , Yuan Meng , Chen Tao , Ye Jiamin , Jiang Yifan , Song Jibin , Yang Huanghao
Published: April 2021

To date, hydrogen (H2) therapy has received widespread attention. However, X‐ray triggered sustainable H2‐producing materials with controlled release for cancer treatment have not been reported. Herein, an X‐ray triggered sustainable in situ H2 producing platform, Au NR‐TiO2@ZnS:Cu,Co‐A(Au‐TiO2@ZnS), composed of Au‐amorphous TiO2 nano‐dumbbell‐shaped heterostructure coated with long afterglow particles, was developed for cancer synergistic H2‐radiotherapy. The mechanism of H2 production was verified by theoretical calculations and in vitro experiments. Changes in the apoptosis pathway caused by the synergistic effect of H2 and radiotherapy were reported. Guided by its excellent photoacoustic imaging capabilities, mice with orthotopic liver cancer achieved excellent therapeutic effects and low inflammatory side effects, suggesting that Au‐TiO2@ZnS has promising application potential for cancer treatment and prognosis.
Exploiting Supramolecular Dynamics in Metal–Phenolic Networks to Generate Metal–Oxide and Metal–Carbon Networks
Authors: Pan Shuaijun , Goudeli Eirini , Chen Jingqu , Lin Zhixing , Zhong Qi‐Zhi , Zhang Wenjie , Yu Haitao , Guo Rui , Richardson Joseph J. , Caruso Frank
Published: April 2021

Supramolecular complexation is a powerful strategy for engineering materials in bulk and at interfaces. Metal–phenolic networks (MPNs), which are assembled through supramolecular complexes, have emerged as suitable candidates for surface and particle engineering owing to their diverse properties. Herein, we examine the supramolecular dynamics of MPNs during thermal transformation processes. Changes in the local supramolecular network including enlarged pores, ordered aromatic packing, and metal relocation arise from thermal treatment in air or an inert atmosphere, enabling the engineering of metal–oxide networks (MONs) and metal–carbon networks, respectively. Furthermore, by integrating photo‐responsive motifs (i.e., TiO2) and silanization, the MONs are endowed with reversible superhydrophobic (>150°) and superhydrophilic (≈0°) properties. By highlighting the thermodynamics of MPNs and their transformation into diverse materials, this work offers a versatile pathway for advanced materials engineering.