bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Liver Fat Indices and Ultrasonography to Determine Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Diabetic Patients in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kannangara K. K. D. S. D. , Dehigolla M. R. , Gunathilaka C. M. J. U. , Maddumage R. S. , Dulshika G. D. S. , Karunarathna W. A. C. , Epa W. A. , Bulugahapitiya Uditha , Jayasekara J. M. K. B.
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) strongly coexist as they share common pathophysiological conditions. Several non-invasive, patient-friendly, and cost-effective liver fat indices have been introduced recently to diagnose NAFLD at an early stage. This study aimed to establish the correlation between ultrasonography and liver fat indices (fatty liver index [FLI] and hepatic steatosis index [HSI]) to determine NAFLD among known T2DM patients.

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using one hundred newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic and endocrinology clinic at the Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Kalubowila, Sri Lanka. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurements. Ultrasound scans were performed to diagnose and stage fatty liver. Biochemical investigations included aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase triglyceride analysis. Scores for the liver fat indices were calculated using collected data and correlations between the variables were statistically analysed using the statistical software, SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Independent t-tests and Pearson correlation were used in the data analysis.

Results:

The incidence of NAFLD among T2DM was 82%. There was a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.05) between NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasonography and HSI. There was also a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001) between NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasonography and FLI, and there was a statistically significant difference between FLI among participants with no fatty liver compared to participants with ≥ grade 2 fatty liver (P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

The current study showed that both FLI and HSI can be used as markers for the early diagnosis of NAFLD in T2DM patients.
“Dot-in-circle sign:” An ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging sign for mycetoma
Authors: Aggarwal Anushruti , Gupta Sharang , Chopra Dimple , Riyat Amandeep
Published: October 2022

Mycetomas are chronic infections of the skin, underlying soft tissues, and sometimes extending up to the bones. They can be actinomycetoma or eumycetoma. Mycetoma is more frequent in tropical and subtropical regions. The definitive diagnosis is made by histopathology and culture in most cases, but these procedures are invasive and time consuming. “Dot-in-circle sign” is an important sign present on both ultrasound (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which imply the presence of distinct hypoechoic lesions surrounding a hyperechoic center. The use of these imaging modalities can help in the early diagnosis and preventing complications. We report two cases of eumycetoma affecting the feet, with characteristic USG and MRI features.
Comparing of festulolium productivity and nutritional value as monoculture and grass mixtures with conventional perennial grasses on sod-podzolic soil in the Upper Volga region
Authors: Эседуллаев С.
Published: October 2022

Цель исследования — разработать адаптивную технологию возделывания смешанных бобово-злаковых травостоев на основе фестулолиума для производства сбалансированных по сахаропротеиновому отношению кормов. Полевые опыты проводили в Ивановской области на стационаре отдела кормопроизводства Ивановского НИИСХ. Закладка полевого опыта была проведена в 2015 году. В результате сравнительного изучения традиционных и новых кормовых культур в одновидовых и смешанных посевах на дерново-подзолистых почвах установлено, что фестулолиум в одновидовых посевах за два укоса обеспечивал в контроле сбор зелёной массы 24,8 т/га, на фоне минерального питания — 33,6 т/га, что в 1,2‒1,3 раза больше, чем тимофеевка, в смешанных посевах с клевером — 68,1 т/га зелёной массы, 9,54 т/га сухой  массы, 8630 корм. ед. и 898 кг/га переваримого протеина, с люцерной — соответственно 60,3, 10,3, 8770 и 1050, что на 14‒17% больше, чем в посевах с тимофеевкой. На фоне минерального питания продуктивность клеверо-фестулолиумных смесей составила 71,6 т/га зелёной массы, 10,9 т/га сухого вещества, 9960 корм. ед. и 1009 кг/га переваримого протеина, люцерно-фестулолиумных — 60,3, 10,3, 8770 и 1050 соответственно. В травосмесях с фестулолиумом полученная зелёная масса отличалась высокой питательностью и сбалансированностью по белку и углеводам, содержание переваримого протеина и сахара находилось в пределах физиологической нормы или превосходила её, что нельзя сказать о традиционных травах.

The investigation aimed at development of region-specific cultivation technology for legume-gramineous mixtures with festulolium in order to obtain feeds, balanced in sugar-to-protein ratio. Field trials took place in the Ivanovo region in 2015. Competitive testing of conventional and new crops as monocultures and grass mixtures on sod-podzolic soil showed that festulolium monoculture gave 24.8 t ha-1 of green mass for two cuts in the control and 33.6 t ha-1 — after mineral fertilization, exceeding common timothy by 1.2‒1.3 times. Festulolium-clover mixture produced 68.1 t ha-1 of green mass, 9.54 t ha-1 of dry mass, 8630 feed units and 898 kg ha-1 of digestible protein, while festulolium-alfalfa mixture — 60.3, 10.3, 8770 and 1050, respectively, exceeding timothy mixtures by 14‒17%. Clover-festulolium mixture on the background of mineral nutrition provided 71.6 t ha-1 of green mass, 10.9 t ha-1 of dry mass, 9960 feed units and 1009 kg ha-1 of digestible protein, while alfalfa-festulolium combination — 60.3, 10.3, 8770 and 1050, respectively. Green mass of festulolium mixtures had high nutritional value and good balance in protein and carbohydrates. Contents of digestible protein and sugar met physiological standard or exceeded the latter. Conventional grasses showed worse results.
Complex mechanization and machinery in reclamation of degraded forage lands
Authors: Пунинский В.
Published: October 2022

Обновление парка мелиоративных машин и расширение площадей земель в ходе коренного улучшения неиспользуемой деградированной залежи являются двумя взаимосвязанными направлениями. Они могут быть реализованы в ходе внедрения научно обоснованной современной «Системы машин для комплексной механизации мелиоративных работ», наиболее полно отвечающей задаче проведения мониторинга рынка и обновления парка землеройных, ирригационных, каналоочистительных машин и специальных мелиоративных средств. В статье представлен обзор реализации «Системы машин» в период с 1955 года до настоящего времени, создания современного комплекса машин для технологий восстановления деградированных пахотных и кормовых угодий. Установлено, что восстановление эффективного функционирования мелиоративной сети и гидротехнических сооружений с одновременным повышением плодородия малопродуктивных угодий позволяет сократить прирост деградированных земель и подтверждает актуальность разработки новых способов комплексной мелиорации с применением энергонасыщенных комбинированных агрегатов и многофункциональных специальных мелиоративных машин. Показаны варианты технических средств с адресной обработкой кормовых угодий. В результате исследований определены основные прогнозные показатели комбинированных агрегатов и обоснована область их использования в ресурсосберегающих технологиях с обработкой горизонтов без выноса продуктов химических реакций в водоёмы и реки.

Fundamental improvement of degraded unused lands combines the development of new machines for land reclamation and increase of cultivated land area. This can be achieved through the introduction of modern “Machinery system for complex mechanization of melioration process”. This system has to be tested experimentally and enable effective market monitoring and renovation of earthmoving, irrigation and ditch cleaning machines as well as specific ameliorative equipment. This report gives overviews of “Machinery system” in the period from 1955 up to now and development of modern machinery complex, aiming at reclamation of degraded fields and forage lands. Effective functioning of ameliorative system and hydrotechnical structure in combination with improvement of soil fertility reduces formation of degraded lands. It proves the relevance of new method development for complex melioration, using energy-efficient combined cultivating and multi-functional ameliorative machines. The paper shows some equipment for targeted tillage of forage area. Investigations estimated main parameters of combined machines and described the area of their application as a part of resource-saving technology. This technology stands for the cultivation of soil horizon, keeping products of chemical reaction away from water reservoirs and rivers.
Numerical simulation of natural vibrations of a cylindrical shell partially filled with fluid and embedded in an elastic foundation
Authors: Бочкарёв Сергей Аркадьевич
Published: October 2022

Представлены результаты исследований собственных колебаний круговых цилиндрических оболочек, полностью или частично заполненных неподвижной жидкостью и лежащих на упругом двухпараметрическом основании Пастернака. Поведение упругой конструкции и сжимаемой жидкости описывается в рамках классической теории оболочек и уравнений Эйлера. Уравнения движения оболочки, как и акустическое волновое уравнение, сводятся к системам обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений. Решение сформулированной краевой задачи осуществляется методом ортогональной прогонки Годунова. Проанализированы зависимости минимальных частот колебаний от характеристик упругой среды с разными вариантами неоднородности по длине тела при различных уровнях заполнения оболочки жидкостью. Продемонстрировано, что с повышением уровня заполнения оболочек жидкостью влияние упругого основания на частотный спектр конструкции снижается.

The paper presents the results of studies on natural vibrations of circular vertical cylindrical shells completely or partially filled with a stationary compressible fluid and embedded in a Pasternak two-parameter elastic foundation. In the meridional direction, the elastic medium is both homogeneous and inhomogeneous, and is an alternation of areas, in which this medium is present or absent. The behavior of the elastic structure and compressible fluid is described within the framework of classical shell theory based on the Kirchhoff - Love hypotheses and the Euler equations. The equations of motion of the shell combined with the corresponding geometric and physical relations are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations for new unknowns. The acoustic wave equation is also reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations using the straight line method. The formulated boundary value problem is solved by the Godunov orthogonal sweep method involving the numerical integration of differential equations by the fourth order Runge - Kutta method. The natural frequencies of vibrations are calculated using a combination of stepwise procedure and subsequent refinement by the half-division method. The validity of the obtained results is confirmed by comparing them with the known numerical-analytical solutions. The dependences of minimum vibration frequencies versus the level of fluid are analyzed for simply supported, clamped and cantilevered cylindrical shells of various types of inhomogeneity along the length of the body and with different stiffness. It is demonstrated that with increase in the level of filling of shells with fluid, the influence of the elastic foundation on the frequency spectrum of the structure decreases.
Particle swarm optimization in the LTE system for symbol detection
Authors: Патан Сирай , Патак Сунил , Тамболи Муджиб , Нуния Аджит
Published: October 2022

Предложены различные способы повышения производительности мобильных терминалов за счет высоких скоростей, низких стоимости и энергопотребления. Действительно, более высокие скорости подразумевают более проблемные каналы передачи, что делает работу приемников более обременительной. Нас интересует решение классической задачи обнаружения линейной смеси гауссовых шумов для телекоммуникационных систем LTE по зашумленному наблюдению входного сигнала, смешанного с известной матрицей, представляющей поведение канала. Требуется найти вектор, который минимизирует евклидово расстояние между зашумленным выходом и бесшумным. Частотное разнообразие систем LTE очень велико. В этом контексте рассмотрена производительность традиционных эквалайзеров (ML, ZF, MMSE), предложен PSO (Particular Swarm Optimization) - метод обнаружения с почти оптимальной производительностью с точки зрения частоты ошибок по битам BER 10 для SNR 16 дБ.

This study suggests various ways to improve the performance of mobile terminals at fast speeds, cheap cost, and low power consumption. Indeed, higher rates imply more problematic transmission channels, making receivers’ jobs more onerous. We’re interested in solving the classic problem of detecting a linear mixture of Gaussian noise for LTE telecommunication systems from a noisy observation of an input signal mixed with a known matrix representing the channel’s behavior; we’re looking for the vector that minimizes the Euclidean distance between the noisy output and the noiseless one. The frequency diversity of LTE systems is very high. In this context, we look at the performance of traditional equalizers (ML, ZF, MMSE) in the first part. In the second section, we offer PSO (Particular Swarm Optimization), a detection method with near- optimal performance in terms of bit error rate BER 10 for SNR of 16 dB, which is extremely close to ML.
Isocyanide Chemistry Enabled by Continuous Flow Technology
Authors: Cerra Bruno , Blondeau Cecile , Cannalire Rolando , Giustignano Mariateresa , Shandiz Shiva , Gioiello Antimo
Published: October 2022

Isocyanides are valuable compounds for organic synthesis. However, the poor stability and distressing odour have often limited their widespread applications in common laboratory practice and industrial setting. Herein, a continuous flow approach to enable the synthesis, purification and in-line multicomponent reaction of isocyanides, is presented.
Translating Aqueous CO2 Hydrogenation Activity to Electrocatalytic Reduction with a Homogeneous Cobalt Catalyst
Authors: Wang Xinran , Yang Jenny
Published: October 2022

A molecular cobalt CO2 hydrogenation catalyst was explored for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction under aqueous conditions. The resulting pH-dependent selectivity between H2 and HCO2- is rationalized through thermodynamic analysis and stoichiometric experiments.
Fast Validation of Static and Dynamic 3D Models of Weak Protein Ligand Complexes from STD NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Nepravishta Ridvan , Walpole Samuel , Hicks Thomas , Muñoz-García Juan Carlos , Angulo Jesus
Published: October 2022

Saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy has revolutionized the study of weak receptor-ligand interactions. Its versatility and popularity are demonstrated by a myriad of approaches developed. Methodologies such as DEEP STD NMR, KD determination, SSTD, and determination and validation of protein-ligand complexes are a few elegant examples among them. However, the use of the STD NMR technique together with full relaxation matrix calculations for the determination and structure evaluation of protein ligand complexes remain a major milestone in the field. In this communication, we present a new approach based on a reduced relaxation matrix that pushes further the boundaries of the relaxation matrix theory applied to structure determination and evaluation, in solution, using STD NMR data and molecular dynamics simulations.
Frontal Polymerizations: From Chemical Perspectives to Macroscopic Properties and Applications
Authors: Suslick Benjamin , Hemmer Julie , Groce Brecklyn , Stawiasz Katherine , Geubelle Philippe , Malucelli Giulio , Mariani Alberto , Moore Jeffrey , Pojman John , Sottos Nancy
Published: October 2022

The synthesis and processing of thermoplastics and thermoset polymeric materials rely on energy-inefficient and environmentally burdensome manufacturing methods. Frontal polymerization has emerged as an attractive, scalable alternative due to its exploitation of the heat of polymerization, which generally is wasted as unutilized heat-loss. The only external energy needed for frontal polymerization is an initial thermal (or photo) stimulus that locally ignites the reaction. The subsequent reaction exothermicity provides local heating; the transport of this thermal energy to neighboring monomers in either a liquid or gel-like state results in a self-perpetuating reaction zone that provides fully-cured polymeric thermosets and thermoplastics. Propagation of this polymerization front continues through the unreacted monomer media until either all reactants are consumed or sufficient heat-loss stalls further reaction. Several different polymerization mechanisms support frontal processes, including free-radical, cat- or anionic, amine-cure epoxides, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The choice of monomer, initiator/catalyst, and additives dictates how fast the polymer front traverses the reactant medium, as well as the maximum temperature achievable. Frontal polymerization enables the preparation of moldable thermoplastics derived from linear polymers. When crosslinking is involved, polymeric networks (e.g., rigid thermosets) are obtainable through a related process best described as a frontal curing reaction. Numerous applications of frontally-generated polymers and thermosets exist, ranging from the reinforcement of porous substrates to the design of patterned composite materials. In this review, we examine in detail the physical and chemical phenomena that govern frontal polymerization, as well as outline the existing applications.
Fast Evaluation of the Adsorption Energy of Organic Molecules on Metals via Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Pablo-García Sergio , Morandi Santiago , Vargas-Hernández Rodrigo Alejandro , Jorner Kjell , López Núria , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: October 2022

Modeling of solid-state material-molecule interfaces in heterogeneous catalysis requires the extensive evaluation of the energy of molecules on surfaces. Obtaining the binding energy of many configurations of large organic molecules requires a vast amount of computational time with density functional theory (DFT). Here, we use a graph neural network (GNN) to evaluate the adsorption energy of molecular species adsorbed on metallic surfaces. The GNN is trained on a set of C1–4 fragments including N, O, S heteroatoms and C6–10 aromatic rings. Compared to DFT, the GNN shows a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.17 eV on the test set being 6 orders of magnitude faster. When applying the trained model with subsequent hyperparameter optimization to molecules of industrial interest (biomass, plastics and polyurethanes precursors) containing up to 22 carbon atoms, the prediction performance for the adsorption energy yields a MAE of 0.03 eV/(non-H atom). While the error for out-of-distribution molecules is higher, it is still within the acceptable limit for adsorption energies (0.05 eV/atom), confirming the viability of the approach. The proposed framework represents a potential tool for the fast screening of catalytic materials, as well as their inverse design, enabling the multi-scale modeling for systems that cannot be easily simulated by DFT.
Investigation and Characterization of Flexible Polyurethane Foams from the use of Chicken Eggshells as Fillers.
Authors: Ebereonwu Precious , Dashak Dayil , Ogah Chris
Published: October 2022

Chicken egg shells (ES) with 5%wt, 10%wt and 15%wt were incorporated and characterized as fillers in the production of flexible polyurethane foams. The results obtained were compared with conventional application of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Physico-mechanical properties of the foam without fillers (unfilled), gave density of 20.87 kg/m3, compression set at room temperature (2.880C) and at higher temperature (70) had 3.960C, elongation at break (651.60%), tensile strength (112.10 KPa) and Indentation Force Deflection (hardness at 400C) was 187.20N. Subsequently, foams with 5% ES and 5% CaCO3 fillers depicted densities (21.72 and 21.50 kg/m3), compression set at room temperatures (3.66 and 3.450C), temperature at 700C (4.33 and 5.460C), elongation at break (312.70 and 328.50%), tensile strength (78.40 and 81.40 KPa) and Indentation Forces Deflections (Hardness at 400C) were 241.80 and 198N respectively. Foams with 10% CaCO3 and 10% ES also revealed densities of 21.68 and 21.80 kg/m3 respectively, Compression set at room temperature (6.96 and 4.120C), temperature at 700C (5.79 and 6.160C), elongation at break (359.50 and 362.40%), tensile strength (85.00 and 94.00 KPa) and Indentation Forces Deflections (Hardness at 400C) were 203.00 and 186.40N respectively. Consequently, 15% CaCO3 and 15% ES fillers depicted densities (22.14 and 22.39 kg/m3), compression set at room temperatures (5.24 and 3.030C), temperature at 700C (5.50 and 6.250C), elongation at break (383.10 and 397.50%), tensile strength (90.40 and 97.60 KPa) and Indentation Forces Deflections (Hardness at 400C) were 197.00 and 169.90N respectively. In all cases, the physcio-mechanical properties increased with increase in fillers weights. However, Eggshell-filled foams showed better quality in terms of density, compression set at room temperature, elongation at break and tensile strength than CaCO3-filled foams. Unfilled foams (foam without fillers) had the best compression set both at room temperature and intermediate temperature. All foam samples produced fell within the ASTM D-3574 set standard range of 1-10% for compression tests of polyurethane foams.
Ecological analysis of the fish cestode fauna of the mouth of Kura River
Authors: Ibrahimov Sh. , Mamedova S.
Published: October 2022

The research was conducted in 2014–2019 in the mouth of Kura River. A total of 334 fish specimens of 24 species were examined by the method of full parasitological dissection. As a result, 17 tapeworm species in two orders and eight families were found: Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps, C. laticeps, Caryophyllaeides fennica, Eubothrium acipenserinum, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, Ligula colymbi, L. intestinalis, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, Ligula colymbi, L. intestinalis, Proteocephalus filicollis, P. gobiorum, P. ocellata, P. osculatus, Siluritaenia siluri, Gryporhynchus pusillus, and Paradilepis scolecina. Of these, seven species are specific cyprinid parasites, two species are specific sturgeon parasites, two species are specific to sticklebacks, two species to catfish, and one species to gobies; the other three species parasitize in fishes of various families. The main organ of cestode localisation in the studied fishes is the intestinal lumen, where 11 worm species were found. In other fish organs (body cavity, mucous membrane of the anterior intestine, liver, mesentery, and intestinal walls), the number of tapeworm species ranged from one to four. One cestode species invaded from one to seven fish species. In the bream, we found six tapeworm species, while in the other fish species, from one to five. Among the cestodes found, 14 species infect zooplankton-eating fish and only three species (Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps, C. laticeps, Caryophyllaeides fennica) infect fish that feeds on benthic invertebrates. The largest trophic group was the benthophages; they hosted 12 cestode species. In the planktophages and predators, we found eight and seven tapeworm species, respectively. Predatory fishes like pike, asp, round and bighead gobies accumulate parasites from the bodies of their preys, consequently, their cestode fauna is the richest. Most recorded fishes are euryhaline. Nevertheless, due to the absence of typical marine forms among the found cestodes, we registered more tapeworm species in the fish occurring the highly desalinated area of the Kura mouth than in more mineralized water. Six recorded species (Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, Ligula colymbi, L. intestinalis, Digramma interrupta, and Paradilepis scolecina) are causative agents of fish diseases. Ligula colymbi and L. intestinalis, which have large plerocercoids, caused pathogenic changes in fish organisms. The other pathogenic species did not induce noticeable disorders. They are much smaller, and, thereto, had comparatively low invasion rate in the examined fish.
A systematic review of the parasites (Plathelminthes: Cestoda) of the domestic goose (Anser anser dom.)
Authors: Rzayev F. , Nasirov A. , Gasimov E.
Published: October 2022

In many countries, poultry (including Anser anser dom.) play an important role in meeting population needs for meet. One of the factors that affect directly the meat quality and the industrial products obtained from domestic waterfowl are helminths, which cause diseases in their hosts. Helminthological research of the helminth fauna of domestic geese has been carried out in many countries, including Azerbaijan. Nevertherless, there is no general survey or species list of the world fauna of the domestic goose helminths. Tapeworms (Class: Cestoda) also parasitize the geese, causing them serious harm. Taking into account the relevance of the topic, we set the task to determine and systematize the species composition of tapeworms parasitizing the domestic goose (A. anser dom.) with the use of extensive literature data and our personal material. The species list is arranged in alphabetical order, families, genera and species of cestodes follow the nomenclature and classification by Khalil et al. (1994) and Olson et al. (2001), with updates by Kuchta et al. (2008) and Caira et al. (2014). We also took into account the classification adopted from the database of Fauna Europaea. Each species is provided with the following data: scientific name, author and year of description, synonyms, final, intermediate and auxiliary hosts, habitat in the bird body, collecting localities, geographic distribution, prevalence (PI) and intensity (II) of infection, and literature sources. An analysis of the worldwide literature and our personal data has established that 147 helminth species (Trematoda – 64 species, Cestoda – 33, Nematoda – 46, Acanthocephala – 4) are hitherto known from the domestic goose. The 33 tapeworm species of this list belong to five families (Dilepididae – 1 species, Hymenolepididae – 27, Mesocestoididae – 1, Paruterinidae – 1, and Diphyllobothriidae – 3). In Azerbaijan, 11 cestod species were found in the domestic goose. Six of them (Diorchis inflata, Drepanidotaenia lanceolata, D. przewalskii, Fimbriaria fasciolaris, Tschertkovilepis setigera, Ligula intestinalis) were registered in the course of our helminthological studies. The cestodes D. inflata and L. intestinalis were recorded in domestic geese in Azerbaijan for the first time. Five helminth species (Dilepis undula, Drepanidotaenia lanceolata, Ligula interrupta, L. intestinalis, Schistocephalus solidus) parasitize both birds and mammals (D. lanceolata in humans). Of these, two species (D. lanceolata and L. intestinalis) were found in Azerbaijan.
The case for investment in tobacco control: lessons from four countries in the Americas
Authors: Hutchinson Brian , Brispat Farisha , Calderón Pinzón Lorena Viviana , Sarmiento Alejandra , Solís Esteban , Nugent Rachel , Mann Nathan , Spencer Garrison , Ngongo Carrie , Black Andrew , Audera-Lopez Maria Carmen , Ntiabang Tih Armstrong , Tarlton Dudley , Cooke Juana , Small Roy , Roche Maxime , Sandoval Rosa Carolina
Published: October 2022

Objective.

To synthesize learnings from four national tobacco control investment cases conducted in the Americas (Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Suriname) under the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) 2030 project, to describe results and how national health authorities have used the cases, and to discuss implications for the role of investment cases in advancing tobacco control.

Methods.

We draw on findings from four national investment cases that included 1) a cost-of-illness analysis calculating the health and economic burden of tobacco use, 2) a return-on-investment analysis of implementing key tobacco control demand reduction measures, and 3) a subsidiary analysis of one tobacco control topic of national interest (e.g., equity implications of cigarette taxation). Co-authors reported how cases have been used to advance tobacco control.

Results.

In Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Suriname, tobacco use causes social and economic losses equivalent to between 1.0 to 1.8 percent of GDP. Across these countries, implementing WHO FCTC demand reduction measures would save an average of 11 400 lives per year over the next 15 years. Benefits of the measures would far outweigh the costs of implementation and enforcement. Governments are using the cases to advance tobacco control, including to improve tobacco control laws and their enforcement, strengthen tobacco taxation, prioritize tobacco control planning, coordinate a multisectoral response, and engage political leaders.

Conclusions.

National investment cases can help to strengthen tobacco control in countries, including by increasing public and political support for implementation of the WHO FCTC and by informing effective planning, legislation, coordination and financing.
ESTRUCTURA Y PERSONAJE. ROBERT VANSITTART, SUBSECRETARIO DE ESTADO PERMANENTE DEL FOREIGN OFFICE (1930-1937)
Authors: SANHUEZA CARVAJAL RAÚL ANDRÉS
Published: October 2022

La década de los 30 del siglo XX constituye un tiempo de aprendizaje para el desarrollo de las estructuras diplomáticas de los principales ac- tores internacionales. El conocimiento de los procedimientos y los personajes que, tras bambalinas, coordinaron las políticas exteriores de los distintos países, constituyen lecciones para aplicar a la moderniza- ción de los Ministerios de Relaciones Exteriores en épocas de crisis. En este sentido, la figura de Robert Vansittart, Subsecretario Permanente del Foreign Office, entre 1930 y 1937, período con notable similitudes a la época actual, resulta relevante.
LA TEORÍA DE LOS COMPLEJOS DE SEGURIDAD REGIONAL: SU APLICACIÓN AL CASO DE UNASUR
Authors: GATICA BÓRQUEZ JORGE , CARES MOLINA CRISTÓBAL
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo busca explorar el papel de los asuntos de política interna y de las decisiones autónomas a partir de sus propios intereses, de los países miembros de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas, en el marco de la frustrada agenda de seguridad regional impulsada por esta organización y su organismo especializado, el Consejo de Defensa Suramericano. Mediante el enfoque provisto por la Teoría de Comple- jos de Seguridad Regional, se distinguen los principales sucesos queconformaron las prioridades en materia de seguridad y defensa de la región, así como aquellos que propiciaron el debilitamiento de dicha agenda.
LA ESTRATEGIA NACIONAL CIBERNÉTICA BRITÁNICA (2022-2025)
Authors: Motta Gustavo Jorge L.
Published: October 2022

En la actualidad la seguridad en el ciberdominio pasó a ser un área de naturaleza estratégica nacional y, a decir de importantes especialistas, es el componente más sensible de la seguridad estatal. En consecuencia, muchos países han desarrollado estrategias de ciberseguridad nacional con el propósito de brindar un contexto seguro en el ciberespacio. Gran Bretaña ha publicado en diciembre de 2021 una nueva estrategia cibernética mucho más activa, integradora y multidimen-sional que provee elementos claves para el estudio de este dominio, discernir su evolución y entender el conflicto en un entorno cada vez más complicado e incierto.
Investigating the Role of Digital Learning in Enhancing Educational Values: Online Socialization and Its Effect on Peer Learning, Collaborative Skills and Knowledge Construction
Authors: Yusof Rohaila , Corridor Khoo Yin , Norwani Norlia Mat , Ahmad Noor Lela , Ismail Zuriadah
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to examine the advantages of online socializing and digital learning for the growth of interpersonal, peer learning and collaborative skills. The impact of these three skills on knowledge construction was evaluated. The Salmon five step e-moderation model has been used to explore the many phases of learning in a digital environment. This study examined the first stage of the e-moderation model, which is the respondents' internet accessibility, and the stage of knowledge construction in digital learning. The respondents of this study were 402 undergraduate students from four universities who have completed four semesters of online study. A stratified cluster sampling technique was employed in choosing the samples for this study. The instrument for data collection from the respondents was a 40-item questionnaire. Google Forms was utilized as the medium for data gathering. The main findings show that online learning involves a lot of interpersonal, peer learning, and collaborative activities, which are correlated to knowledge construction. The three abilities of peer learning, collaborative skills, and knowledge construction, as indicators of educational values, are positively correlated. The results suggest that a carefully designed online learning session that promotes group activities can deliver beneficial educational values. The common online socializing and information-sharing activities seen on social network sites (SNS), such as Facebook, Telegram, Twitter, etc., have strong educational components that should be included in digital learning, which is the future of education.
Beneficios económicos por visitar la Reserva Nacional de Tambopata – Madre de Dios
Authors: Paredes Valverde Yolanda
Published: October 2022

La Reserva Nacional de Tambopata actualmente se encuentra en situación vulnerable por las diversas amenazas tales como la agricultura e invasión de tierras, la minería aurífera, la extracción ilegal de madera, la excesiva extracción de otros recursos naturales, el incremento de los procesos migratorios a la región que aumentan la presión y las amenazas sobre el área protegida. El objetivo es estimar los beneficios económicos que genera dicha reserva, el método de valoración económica es el costo de viaje mediante el cálculo del excedente del consumidor que consiste en estimar una función de visitas utilizando el modelo de Poisson aplicando la técnica de estimación de máxima verosimilitud. La base de datos se obtuvo de la aplicación de una encuesta socioeconómica con un tipo de muestreo aleatorio simple de donde se obtuvo en total 187 observaciones. Se evidencia que el beneficio económico que genera la reserva medido por el excedente del consumidor en promedio por visitante supera $ 3, mientras el beneficio total por año es de $140286, este resultado refleja el verdadero valor económico que tiene la reserva para la sociedad en conjunto.
Retorno económico de los graduados universitarios de la región Puno
Authors: Blanco Espezua María del Pilar
Published: October 2022

El objetivo es identificar los factores socio económicos que influyen en la probabilidad de alcanzar un retorno en la educación superior universitaria en la región Puno. La metodología se basa en la utilización de la ecuación de Mincer, siendo la variable dependiente, los niveles de ingresos salariales mensuales del graduado. La información se obtuvo de una encuesta aplicada a jóvenes cuyo período de graduación fue 2008-2014 en universidades públicas y privadas de la región y se agruparon a los graduados por áreas de conocimiento tales como: Ciencias empresariales y económicas; Ciencias de vida humana; Ciencias sociales; Ingenierías de Construcción- Minería- Electricidad; Ciencias de la vida animal y Ciencias básicas. Inicialmente se realizó una descripción estadística de los datos y luego se aplicó la técnica de estimación econométrica de máxima verosimilitud, con el modelo probit ordenado y se analizaron los efectos marginales que explicaron que la probabilidad de obtener salarios mensuales altos depende de la carrera elegida, del sexo del graduado y de su edad, más no de su experiencia ni del nivel de educación alcanzado por los padres. Los resultados indican que, para ingresos entre 1001 y 2000 soles, destacan las carreras de Ciencias sociales. Para ingresos entre 2001 a 3000 soles, destacan las carreras de ciencias empresariales y económicas junto con las carreras de ciencias agrarias y ciencias de la vida animal. Finalmente, para ingresos entre 3001 a 4000 soles, destacaron las carreras de ingeniería, vinculadas a la construcción civil; minería y electricidad. Así como las carreras de ciencias de la vida humana, destacando medicina.
Progreso social y rendimiento participativo en el Perú
Authors: Zubia Mendoza Brenda Samantha , Vilca Colquehuanca Gustavo Luis
Published: October 2022

La relación de dependencia entre el bienestar social y la movilización en los espacios de participación ciudadana (rendimiento participativo) es una idea muy extendida entre los defensores de la democracia participativa; sin embargo, no ha sido suficientemente corroborada. En este estudio, el objetivo fue determinar el nivel de progreso social, del rendimiento participativo y evaluar la relación entre ellos, para el caso peruano en el 2016. Metodológicamente, se adoptó un diseño correlacional, con una muestra probabilística a nivel nacional de 319 distritos. En la medición del progreso social se utilizó la metodología del Índice de Progreso Social 2014 y para el rendimiento participativo se empleó la Evaluación de rendimientos y efectos movilizadores de mecanismos de participación ciudadana, aplicado al proceso de presupuesto participativo en el año 2016. Una vez realizada la medición de cada variable, se determinó su relación mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, el cual es una medida de asociación lineal recomendable para determinar la correlación entre variables que no tienen una distribución normal. Los resultados muestran que el progreso social y el rendimiento participativo en los distritos del Perú tienen una relación inversa en el año 2016, con un Rho de Spearman de - 0.54. En general, los distritos analizados obtuvieron un puntaje promedio de 63.34 en el Índice de Progreso Social (nivel medio bajo); y 0.51 en Rendimiento participativo (mayor prevalencia de distritos con menor rendimiento participativo). Palabras clave: Índice de progreso social, participación ciudadana, rendimiento participativo y presupuesto participativo.
Registros adicionales del carrao (Aramus guarauna) en el estado de Jalisco, México
Authors: Palomera-García Carlos , Contreras-Martínez Sarahy , Cruz-Rivera Brenda Y. , Villa Bonilla Bernardino , Gómez-Llamas José Cruz
Published: October 2022

Se reportan registros adicionales del carrao (Aramus guarauna) para el interior del Estado de Jalisco, México. Esta información, en conjunto con la previa conocida, apoya la idea que dice que la distribución de la especie podría está relacionada con la del caracol (Pomacea flagellata, Gastropoda: Ampullaridae) que le sirve de alimento.
A‘mâk-ı Hayâl Romanında “Mise En Abyme”
Authors: SAĞLAM CAN Esengül , ARSLAN Nihayet
Published: October 2022

Arma biliminde, büyük bir kalkanın içindeki aynı nişanı taşıyan daha küçük kalkanı tarif etmek için kullanılan “mise en abyme”in kelime anlamı “sonsuz bir uçuruma koymak”tır. Mise en abyme’i, hanedan armalarının görsel düzenlenişindeki yansıma ve derinlik etkisinden ilham alarak edebiyata kazandıran André Gide, kavramın çerçevesini “resim içinde resim” ve “oyun içinde oyun” gibi farklı bağlamlarla genişletmiş, Kalpazanlar romanında edebî bir teknik olarak mise en abyme’e örnekler sunmuştur. Roman sanatına yeni açılımlar kazandırmak isteyen Gide’in bütünü temsil eden/yansıtan daha küçük birimleri anlatıya yerleştirmesi ve romanın yazılış sürecini bir tema olarak kurguya dâhil etmesi Yeni Romancılar ile postmodernist yazarların edebî görüşlerini de etkilemiştir. Claude Magny, Lucien Dällenbach ve Marcus Snow gibi pek çok araştırmacının çalışmaları ise mise en abyme’in farklı karakteristik özelliklerinin ortaya çıkmasını ve kavramsal çerçevesinin genişlemesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Şehbenderzâde Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi’nin A’mâk-ı Hayâl romanında, edebî bir terim olarak mise en abyme’in izi sürülmüş, yapısı ve muhtevası itibariyle helezonik bir düzene sahip olan romandaki mikro yapıların makro yapıyla bağlantısı incelenmiştir. İç huzurunu arayan Râci’nin içine düştüğü inanç buhranından kurtulmak üzere çıktığı hakikat yolculuğunu anlatan roman; yansıma, tekrarlama, benzeme ve parça-bütün ilişkisi kurma gibi mise en abyme’in farklı özellikleri göz önünde bulundurularak ele alınmış, Ahmed Hilmi’nin, A’mâk-ı Hayâl’in merkezine/kalbine yerleştirdiği yapılar çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Business communication: theory and practice
Authors: Pivovarov Aleksandr
Published: October 2022

The purpose of studying the textbook is to increase the level of communicative competence in business communication. The focus is on the basic form of business communication, from which all its other varieties have arisen — business conversation. All stages of a business conversation are considered in detail — establishing contact, problem orientation, discussion and decision-making, as well as opposition to manipulation and assertive behavior. The updated edition includes a chapter on business e-mail correspondence and features of Internet communication. Each chapter is provided with exercises and practical tasks.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN PEMASARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA ANGGOTA PODAKAN SUMBER REJEKI DI DESA BANGKOK, KEDIRI
Authors: Extiyangshah Hendrix Putra , Wihara Dhiyan Septa
Published: October 2022

The motivation behind this research is to find out the marketing training of members of the pokdakan as a source of fortune on the interest in entrepreneurship. To find out the cause and effect in this problem, the researchers used an associative quantitative approach. In this study, there are 2 variables, namely marketing training for the independent variable and then entrepreneurial interest for the dependent variable. All members of the pokdakan source of fortune can be said to be a population and also a sample because there are few members, then everything can be claimed by the population and a sample of 30 people. This study is to determine the cause and effect of whether marketing training has an effect on interest in entrepreneurship, and also uses the SPSS application. After going through SPSS, the X variable affects the Y variable. Its significance value is 0.00 <0.05 and the coefficient of determination which says the independent variable affects the dependent variable is 0.446 or equal to 44.6%. Then the remaining 55.4% is influenced by different elements that are excluded from this review.
Polityka dywidend giełdowych spółek energetycznych w Polsce
Authors: SIERPIŃSKA Maria
Published: October 2022

Podjęty w artykule problem polityki dywidend w spółkach energetycznych jest niezmiernie istotny w warunkach potrzeby restrukturyzacjisektora, odejścia od węgla jako nośnika energii na rzecz źródeł odnawialnych. W tych warunkach ważna staje się strategiapodziału zysku na część zatrzymaną w przedsiębiorstwie i część wytransferowaną do akcjonariuszy. Polityka dywidend kształtowanajest przez wiele czynników makro- i mikroekonomicznych. W obecnej sytuacji gospodarczej niemałą rolę mają w niej takie czynniki:jak inflacja, koniunktura gospodarcza i koniunktura na rynku giełdowym, poziom wygenerowanego zysku netto, poziom zadłużeniaspółek czy też konieczność utrzymania płynności finansowej. Polityka dywidend wpływa na strukturę kapitału i na koszt jegopozyskania co decyduje o opłacalności podejmowanych przedsięwzięć restrukturyzacyjnych. W badaniu założono, że brak stabilnejpolityki dywidend jest istotną determinantą niedowartościowania spółek energetycznych na giełdzie. Wycena rynkowa tych spółekbyła dużo niższa niż ich wartość księgowa. Obliczone współczynniki korelacji liniowej Persona nie potwierdzają jednak tej hipotezy.Stopa dywidend jest tylko jednym z wielu czynników mających wpływ na niedowartościowanie spółek energetycznych na giełdzie.Wpływa ono na ograniczenie możliwości pozyskania kapitału własnego na giełdzie w postaci emisji kolejnej serii akcji a równocześniena utrzymanie racjonalnej struktury kapitału.
Aktualne aspekty dekarbonizacji w Czechach i możliwości zastąpienia węglowych źródeł energii odnawialnymi źródłami energii elektrycznej
Authors: LAPČÍK Vladimír , LAPČÍK Martin , LAPČÍK jr Vladimír
Published: October 2022

Europejski Zielony Ład to zestaw inicjatyw politycznych Komisji Europejskiej, których nadrzędnym celem jest uczynienie Europyneutralną dla klimatu w 2050 r. Przedstawiony zostanie również plan oceny wpływu, aby zwiększyć cel redukcji emisji gazów cieplarnianychw Unii Europejskiej do 2030 r. do co najmniej co najmniej 50% i około 55% w porównaniu z poziomami z 1990 roku. EuropejskiZielony Ład ma cele obejmujące wiele różnych sektorów, w tym budownictwo, bioróżnorodność, energię, transport i żywność. AbyUnia Europejska osiągnęła swój cel neutralności klimatycznej, jednym z celów jest dekarbonizacja ich systemu energetycznego poprzezdążenie do osiągnięcia zerowej emisji gazów cieplarnianych netto do 2050 r. Artykuł dotyczy aktualnych aspektów dekarbonizacjiw Czechach i możliwości zastąpienia energetyki węglowej źródła przez odnawialne źródła energii elektrycznej. Artykuł opisuje obecnąsytuację w branży produkcji energii elektrycznej oraz możliwe scenariusze redukcji węglowych źródeł energii w Czechach.
Pelaksanaan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) di SDN 21 Ampenan
Authors: Wulandani Baiq Aulia , Sudirman Sudirman , Jiwandono Ilham Syahrul
Published: October 2022

Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) bertujuan untuk menjadikan sekolah sebagai komunitas pembelajaran literasi, dengan melibatkan seluruh warga sekolah. Program ini merupakan suatu terobosan oleh Kemendikbud dalam menumbuhkkembangkan budaya literasi dan budi pekerti siswa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pelaksanaan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) di SDN 21 Ampenan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model Milles, Huberman, dan Saldana yaitu kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) perencanaan GLS, terdiri dari perencanaan sumber daya manusia, penyediaan sarana dan prasarana, sumber pendanaan, perencanaan program, dan menetapkan indikator keberhasilan; (2) pelaksanaan GLS, terdiri dari bentuk kegiatan pelaksanaan GLS di SDN 21 Ampenan, yaitu program 15 menit membaca, Kupon Membaca Berhadiah (Kubacadah), pengoptimalan perpustakaan, dan penyediaan pojok baca, serta terdapat keunggulan dan kelemahan dari pelaksanaan GLS, meliputi keunggulan yaitu berhasil melaksanakan program Go Samba dan Kubacadah, timbulnya motivasi dan minat membaca siswa, sarana promosi dan kerjasama, sementara kelemahan yaitu tidak adanya pustakawan atau petugas khusus perpustakaan; (3) evaluasi pelaksanaan GLS, dimana pelaksanaan GLS berjalan dengan baik dan sudah sesuai dengan perencanaan yang didukung oleh adanya faktor pendukung dari pelaksanaan GLS. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya ditemukan faktor penghambat. Terdapat solusi dalam bentuk evaluasi sebagai upaya mengurangi hambatan yang dilakukan dengan evaluasi di dalam kelas oleh guru secara langsung, evaluasi setiap bulan, dan evaluasi di akhir semester. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pelaksanaan program  literasi di SDN 21 Ampenan telah berjalan sesuai dengan rencana dan dikoordinir oleh penanggung jawab yang telah diberi wewenang pada kegiatan literasi, sehingga hal ini membuat kegiatan berjalan dengan baik dan sesuai dengan perencanaan.