bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meaning of Problem in School Mathematics: From Exercise and Application to the Learning-Triggering Problem
Authors: Virgens Wellington Pereira das , Moretti Vanessa Dias
Published: December 2023

Background: There are, in the school context, especially in mathematics education, different historical and cultural meanings that are being produced and impregnated in the term Problem, as well as different understandings regarding the roles of Problems in teaching practices, which justifies studies focused on to the analysis of the implications of such conceptual meanings in the training of teachers who teach mathematics. Objectives: The aim is to answer the question: What are the meanings of Problem present in research and publications that dialogue with training for teaching mathematics? What would be, specifically, the meaning of Problem from a cultural-historical perspective? Design: The research was carried out with students of the degree course in mathematics of a Brazilian public institution, in which they participated in a training movement that had Problems as mediators. In the context of that research, theoretical and bibliographical studies were developed to understand ideas impregnated in didactic-pedagogical proposals that exalt the importance of Problems in teaching practices. We recognise these ideas as meanings based on the analysis that considers the theoretical and methodological assumptions of the cultural-historical theory. Setting and participants: Publications that circulated in the context of the training course for mathematics teachers were analysed, which contextualised the research that gave rise to this clipping about the understandings of the authors of those texts regarding their understanding of the possible relationships between the Problem and the teaching of mathematics. Data collection and analysis: The texts were selected from the bibliographies present in the teaching plans of the subjects of that degree course or that were used as a textual reference during the formative experiment carried out to produce research data and were analysed according to the assumptions of the cultural-historical theory to the concept of meaning. Results: The results point to the constitution of meanings according to which the Problems are usually adopted, in teaching practices, as lessons already presented or as opportunities to apply concepts in supposedly everyday situations. There is also a process of meaning from which the Problems are understood, from a cultural-historical perspective, as triggers of mathematics learning. Conclusions: The main conclusion points to the understanding that the Problems play, historically and culturally, some roles in mathematics teaching practices, among which, three stand out: they are opportunities to practice lessons already taught; they are opportunities to apply techniques, algorithms, or definitions in simulated situations (problem solving); or they are learning-triggering problems.
OPTIMIZATION OF AN ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS METHODFOR USING COLLAGEN AS A SUBSTRATE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kalasnikova Maryna , Savchuk Olexiy ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Karbovskiy Vitaliy ,   LLC BIOPHARMA PLASMA, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

Background. The optimized method of collagen-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis is introduced in this work. The main parameters that affect the efficiency and resolution of the methodare the degree of sample dilution, the concentration of separation gel,the concentration of collagen solution which was used as a substrate, time of electrophoretic separation elongation. In order to investigate all active and pro-active forms of plasmin, all samples were prepared in two variations: with supplementary activation by streptokinase (Sk) addition, and without. Methods. To obtain clearly visible and detectable lysis points, samples with Sk were diluted in a ratio of 1:16, and samples without Sk were diluted in a ratio of 1:8. To prevent substrate migration and the loss of proteins' electrophoretic mobility, the concentration of was 15 % separation gel, and the concentration of copolymerized collagen solution was 1 mg/ml. To obtain the most informative results, the time of electrophoresis elongation was 15 min. After electrophoresis gels were washed in 2,5 % Triton X-100 solution for 1 hour and stained according to a standard protocol. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the optimal conditions for carrying out this enzyme-electrophoresis modification were found, according to all analytical manipulations, and methodical approaches to the detection of latent proenzymatic forms of enzymes with collagenolytic activity were shown. Conclusions. This modified technique can be used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the presence of collagenolytic activity in various samples and allows research of enzymes that possess this activity, both from a scientific point of view, and in the process of finding and developing technologies for obtaining collagenolytic enzymes for biotechnological purposes.
DISTORTED FACE PERCEPTION:AN ERP STUDY OF EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION PROCESSING
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Chernykh Mariia , Zyma Ihor ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

Background. Reading the emotional cues from the faces of people around us is considered to be the crucial element of successful social interaction. However, at the moment there is no single point of view on the basic principles of the organization of neuromechanisms corresponding to face perception, which determines the relevance of this work. Therefore, we focused primarily on the effective neuronal networks formed during the processing of emotional visual stimuli – human faces, in their natural form and under the conditions of configurational changes‘ introduction. Current study aimed at highlighting more subtle elements of face perception and decoding mechanisms. Methods. For the purpose of the study, blurred facial expressions were presented amongst the natural face images of different emotional valence. During the exposition, the electroencephalogram was recorded, which then formed the basis for eventrelated potentials' grand average calculation. Further analysis involved comparing the grand average ERP curves recorded from the precentral cortical regions in two gender-based groups. The findings showed that female participants were more engaged in detecting and deciphering emotional expressions even from the minute hints included in the blurred photos. On the other hand, the male group also showed more significant decoding and recall processes, when presented with blurred neutral stimuli. Results. The findings showed that female participants were more engaged in detecting and deciphering emotional expressions even from the minute hints included in the blurred photos. On the other hand, the male group also showed more significant decoding and recall processes, when presented with blurred neutral stimuli. Conclusions. These results are consistent with current evidence on the emotional sensitivity hypothesis and genderspecific variations in face perception strategies, which reveal that men and women appear to perceive neutral faces with varying degrees of accuracy, and women are more likely to perform better when processing emotional expressions.
Integrating Enhanced Decoy Technology and User Behavior Profiling for Strengthening Cloud Server Security
Authors: Burri Naresh Et al.
Published: December 2023

Information technology improvements have improved things but also caused security issues, particularly with regard to password file security. Strong security measures are needed for cloud computing, which holds massive amounts of data. This study investigates the possibility of Enhanced Decoy technology and User Behaviour Profiling as a combined strategy to improve cloud server security. Although there are algorithms for both strategies, after recognizing anonymous user behaviour, effectively providing Enhanced Decoy files without raising suspicion is still difficult. In order to provide a complete security solution, a proposed system blends user behaviour profiling and Enhanced Decoy technology. While Enhanced Decoy technology diverts attackers and reveals information about their strategies, User Behaviour Profiling identifies suspicious activity. The suggested approach seeks to enhance cloud-based data security by integrating these techniques. The integration of user behaviour profiling with Enhanced Decoy technology is presented in this study as a viable strategy to address security issues in cloud computing, leading to increased effectiveness and improved data protection.
ASSESSING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE LEARNING IN AN INSTITUTION OF HIGHER LEARNING
Authors: Mokala Ntsoaki Teresa , Dlamini-Nxumalo Nkhululeko
Published: December 2023

There is a rich body of research done in online teaching and learning in the context of developing countries. However, there is a gap in research on challenges in the implementation of online learning in institutions of higher learning. Lecturers and students' readiness for this shift from classroom-based to online learning is pivotal. The implementation of online learning strategies demands lecturers’ skills on integrating technology with content. This study examines the perceptions of lecturers as they transit from face-to-face to online learning in an institution of higher learning in one developing country. The study is framed theoretically by Suzuki and Keller's Five-E Model for selecting the right model and techniques for appropriate purposes in online design. It used a qualitative research methodology and employed a convenient sampling technique to select three lecturers from each of the three institutions of interest. An open-ended questionnaire was used to collect data and follow up interviews were made. The study used a thematic approach to analyse data. The findings reveal that the lecturers embrace online learning mostly because they are aware that students enjoy learning technology and thus enhance understanding. The challenge raised is the shortage of gadgets which are needed by lecturers to support blended learning. Also, some of the students do not have access to the internet due to socio-economic challenges.
THE LEVEL OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING (FEELING OF HAPPINESS) OF RTA STUDENTS AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS
Authors: Kalvans Eriks
Published: December 2023

This scientific article analyzes the level of subjective well-being of students of Rēzekne Academy of Technology (RTA) and the main factors affecting this phenomenon. The need for such studies is justified by the latest studies in various countries, which show that nowadays the prevalence and severity of mental problems among young people and early adulthood is increasing. Taken together, these studies show that students are increasingly experiencing symptoms of increased anxiety and stress, as well as depression. Thus, the deterioration of the subjective well-being of young students is a big challenge in modern universities.
The purpose of the empirical study: to investigate the level of subjective well-being of students in relation to certain demographics, as well as to determine the factors that significantly influence this phenomenon in the student environment.
The analysis of scientific literature and empirical results is used as a basic method in the development of the article.
A SCHOOL PRINCIPAL AS A CHANGE LEADER IN EDUCATION
Authors: Miķelsone Ilze , Grava Jana , Latsone Lāsma
Published: December 2023

Successful school management, whose "comprehensive content" includes both administrative and pedagogical aspects, is a decisive factor for the implementation of change in teaching and learning, promotion of pupils' learning achievements and the improvement of the quality of education in general. However, the role of school principal as a change leader gets increasingly emphasized as opposed to traditional principal's role of administrator or manager.
This study focuses on the personal experience of school principals and interpretation of their experience, reflecting the principals' understanding of the role, nature and essence of leadership as an aspect of school management. This is a phenomenological research study. Research sample: the principals of general education schools (N=9). The aim of the study is to explore principals' understanding of what it means to be a change leader in a school, what leadership functions are prioritized, and how school principals balance their leadership functions with those of administration and management. 
The data have been gathered using semi-structured interviews. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of school principal’s role as a change leader is facilitated by: 1) awareness of one's personal qualities; 2) delegation of responsibilities; 3) strengthening of the school culture and its values; 4) implementation of a personalized approach highlighting the individual abilities of each teacher in the organization; 5) strengthening of the school as a “learning organization”.
LIFELONG GUIDANCE AS A TOPICALITY FOR THE PROMOTION OF THE LIFELONG AND LIFEWIDE MULTIDIMENSIONAL CAREER DEVELOPMENT NOWADAYS
Authors: Katane Irēna , Katans Edgars
Published: December 2023

With the development of society and the liberalisation of the labour market, a new paradigm of lifelong guidance has entered the social sciences. Nowadays public demand for lifelong guidance services outstrips availability. The aim of the study: to substantiate the lifelong guidance nowadays, highlighting the multidimensional meaning of the concept of career, including meaning of lifelong and lifewide career. Research methods: studying, analysing and evaluating scientific literature and various types of documents; reflection on experience. The research findings allow for a conclusion to be made that the paradigm of lifelong guidance is considered a new paradigm that has gained its rapid development, popularity and relevance in the 21st century . The aim of lifelong guidance is to provide career support to people of all ages at all stages of their career development in a lifelong and continuous process. Moreover, career support is necessary on a continuous basis: in moments of career success and in moments of crisis. Provision of lifelong education is the spotlight of lifelong guidance, as it is key to successful career development and a guarantee of employment. Cooperation networks of all kinds, at both interpersonal and inter-institutional level, have an important place in the lifelong guidance system, where different types of organisations and individual support providers play their part in the overarching lifelong guidance system. The wide range of functions of a lifelong guidance system goes beyond the scope of a single career counsellor or career support specialist, emphasising collaboration between different types of professionals and different organisations as providers of career support. Lifelong guidance is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary process. The offer and provision of lifelong guidance, including lifelong education, take the central place in career management nowadays. In a lifelong guidance system, providers and implementers of education of all kinds are therefore seen as important parts of the system. Today, formal and non-formal education is offered by a variety of providers: different types of educational institutions (pre-schools, schools, universities, adult learning centres), non-governmental organisations, learning organisations with a high level of knowledge management, etc. Within the framework of the new lifelong guidance paradigm, it is important to respect the multidimensional meaning of the concept of career. Drawing parallels with the explanations of lifelong education and lifewide education in the social sciences, including the educational sciences, two main trends can be identified and distinguished in the explanation of the new concepts of career and in the justification of career development in the context of contemporary society: lifelong career development and lifewide career development. There may also be a third path, a combination of the both: a lifelong and lifewide career that develops throughout life.
Positive Clause on Public Order is the Basis for the Protection of Constitutionally Significant Values of the State
Authors: Shulakov A. A.
Published: December 2023

The article notes that the purpose and mechanism of protection of public order in private international law can be understood only at the origins of the rationale for this protection, — in the doctrine of F. K. Savigny. The reasons for the formulation of F. K. Savigny only two exceptions to the displacement of foreign laws by local law, and the characteristics of fixing these rules in Art. 30 of the Introductory Law to the GGU. Analyzed are attempts to misinterpret the doctrine of F. K. Savigny after the adoption of the Rome Convention “On the law applicable to contractual obligations” (1980) and the Decision of the EU Court (2016), which gave a final assessment of these attempts. The influence of the Dutch school on modern international private law in Russia is noted. The consolidation of super-imperative norms in the legislation of Russia and the Netherlands is investigated. It has been established that the first group of norms of direct application of Art. 1992 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the super-imperative nature of which in private cross-border legal relations is directly indicated by the legislator, has, in accordance with the theory of private international law, not a material, but a conflict character. The definition of super-imperative norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation, which ensure the protection of the constitutionally significant values of the state, is given.
Informational, technological, economic and financial sovereignty as the newest types of autonomy
Authors: Varlen M. V.
Published: December 2023

Currently, the problems of sovereignty in various functional areas have significantly expanded, which is naturally reflected in modern research, which is influenced by the processes of digitalization, technology development, and foreign policy aspects on the agenda.With progress and development, the newest threats to the Russian Federation have emerged, namely its independence and independence, which are inextricably linked and interdependent with the socio-economic development of the Russian state, the state of protection of its interests. The relationship between the established components of sovereignty — the supremacy and independence of state power throughout the territory as static elements with the functional side of the implementation of these components through new spheres of public relations is unconditional, and this fact should be taken into account in the current concept of sovereignty. The newest types of sovereignty highlighted in the article are objectively significant, but so far, in terms of the level of general theoretical elaboration, they are still “lagging” behind the “classical” theory of sovereignty that has developed within the framework of public law, both in terms of the scale of elaboration and in legal regulation.
Educational Monitoring at the Local Level in Tension Between Science and Politics
Authors: Brock Michael , Mahl Franciska
Published: December 2023

Dealing with the tensions between scientific claims and those of political-administrative actors marks a central task of municipal educational monitoring. However, empirical research has not systematically examined the relationship between these significant references. Our contribution focuses on how the tensions are addressed and balanced in practice. The results reveal different relations between the two perspectives, producing various practical forms of local educational monitoring. In this way, establishing data infrastructures in municipalities becomes visible as a complex and situational process. The results reflect educational monitoring's theoretical and practical development needs and implications for education research.
Psychological and Pedagogical Support for Forcibly Displaced Persons in Refugee Centers
Authors: Nychkalo Nellia , Muranova Nataliia , Voliarska Olena
Published: December 2023

The article theoretically substantiates the task, content and features of psychological and pedagogical support for forcibly displaced persons in the conditions of refugee centers. The main tasks include: systematic support in the personal and creative self-realization of forcibly displaced; optimizing people’s relations in the micro-, meso- and macro-environment; increasing adaptation potential of refugees. The research methodology is based on systemic, complex, person-oriented, gender and activity approaches. The psychological-pedagogical approach is summarized as a systematic activity of psychologists and teachers aimed at creating a complex of psychological-consultative, educational conditions that contribute to personal development, stabilization of emotional states for the purpose of successful adaptation and self-realization of the personality of a refugee. The content of this support is determined by three components: diagnostics as the basis for setting goals and directions of activity; selection and application of methodological means of psychological and educational support (direct implementation of support plan and program); analysis of intermediate and final results to adjust the course of the specialist’s interaction with refugees. It was found that the result of the support for forcibly displaced should be the state of their psychological inclusion in the activity accompanied by the realization of intra-personal resources in specific social conditions.
Cooperation of the University of Opole with Scientific and Educational Units of Ukraine in the States of Emergency: A Practical Dimension
Authors: Andruszkiewicz Fabian , Slipukhina Iryna , Shapovalov Yevhenii
Published: December 2023

The Polish-Ukrainian scientific cooperation at the University of Opole has a long history, which has acquired new meanings in the conditions of pandemic and military threats. The restrictions resulting from ministerial regulations caused by the COVID-19 emergency, and the subsequent attack by the Russian Federation on Ukraine, significantly inhibited the ongoing scientific activities between the nations of Poland and Ukraine; however, thanks to people firmly committed to the good of science, it was possible to maintain this cooperation to a certain extent by its substantial relocation to a virtual platform. Among other scientific units, such a situation occurred, at the University of Opole.For example, at its Faculty of Social Sciences and the Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology scientific and research events were organised with the full involvement of researchers, doctoral students, and students of both parties. The scientific internships of representatives from both countries have taken place and resulted in joint work expressed in publications, speeches at conferences and seminars. The given examples of international activities of the University of Opole demonstrate stability and adaptability of Polish-Ukrainian scientific cooperation while the society suffers from the crysis conditions.
Relación de la composición botánica de los pastilzales desarrollados en campos de cultivo abandonados con los factores edáficos y pluviométricos
Authors: Zuazua Miasa María Teresa , Calleja Suárez Alfredo , Garzón Jimeno José Enrique
Published: December 2023

Se lleva a cabo un estudio de la relación existente entre la composición botánica de los pastizales desarrollados en los campos de cultivo abandonados, y las características físico-químicas del suelo, así como de su evolución en el tiempo. Igualmente, se analiza la influencia que ejerce la precipitación sobre la composición botánica y sobre las variables edáficas.
Farmacocinética clínica del levamisol en el conejo. II
Authors: José García Vieitez Juan , José Díez Liébana María , Sierra Vega Matilde , Teresa Terán M.
Published: December 2023

Para estudiar la absorción del levamisol por vía subcutánea, utilizamos quince conejos New Zealand blancos a los que se les administró levamisol por dicha vía a razón de 12,5; 16 y 20 mg/kg. La determinación de las concentraciones plasmáticas se hizo por cromatografia líquida de alta eficacia y el tratamiento de los datos experimentales se llevó a cabo considerando un modelo bicompartimental abierto con un proceso de absorción de orden 1. La velocidad del proceso de absorción fue muy rápida como indica el hecho de que las concentraciones plasmáticas máximas se alcanzaron a los diez minutos de su administración para la dosis de 12,5 mg/kg y a los 20 para las de 16 y 20 mg/kg. Dichas concentraciones fueron, respectivamente, 3,51; 4,36 y 4,78 ug/ml.
Efectos del medio de recuperación sobre la respuesta al calor de Bacilus stearothermaphilus
Authors: Bernardo Álvarez Ana , González Prieto Josefa , González Martínez Isaac , López Fernández Mercedes , Martín Sarmiento Roberto
Published: December 2023

Se ha estudiado la influencia de varios medios de subcultivo: agar nutritivo (NA), medio de ensayo de antibióticos (AAM), agar dextrosa triptona (DTA) y agar tripticasa soja (TSA), con y sin almidón, sobre la respuesta al calor de B. stearothermophilus. Nuestros resultados indican que la utilización de NA, DTA ó A-AM tiene poca influencia sobre la recuperación y sobre los valores DT Y Z, mientras que con TSA se obtienen recuentos y valores DT en torno a un 50% más bajos y un valor z algo más alto, lo que se debe a la presencia de cloruro sódico en este medio.
Malformaciones uterinas en bovinos sacrificados en matadero
Authors: Del Carmen Ferreras Estrada María , María Bravo del Moral Ana , Manuel Martínez Rodríguez José , Escudero Díez Alfredo , José García Iglesias María
Published: December 2023

Se realiza un estudio sobre la prevalencia de las malformaciones uterinas recogidas en 1489 hembras bovinas sacrificadas en mataderos de León (España). Se diagnosticaron 9 casos (0.6%) de malformaciones: 5 de hipoplasia (55.6% de las mismas), 1 de aplasia total (11. 1%), 2 de aplasia segmentaria de los conductos de Müller (22.2%) (uno de los casos clasificado de útero unicorne) y 1 de útero didelfo. Dentro de los grupos de edad, las malformaciones fueron halladas principalmente entre los 2 y 4 años (3%) y dentro de las razas, la más afectada fue la Pardo Alpina (1.1%). La infertilidad, en mayor o menor grado, provocada por las malformaciones y su carácter hereditario aconsejan la eliminación de los animales afectados.
Utilidad del modelo murino para el estudio de la viruela de Actinobacilllus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Ignacio Rodríguez Barbosa José , B. Gutiérrez Martín César , Fernando Rodríguez Ferri Elías , Antonio Vázquez Boland José , Tascón Cabrero R.I.
Published: December 2023

Se ha establecido la utilidad del modelo murino para estudios de virulencia en Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae mediante la determinación de la DLso en aislamientos clínicos y cepas de colección. En función de variaciones en la virulencia de al menos un ciclo logarítmico, pudieron diferenciarse dos grupos. El de mayor virulencia incluía cepas de los serotipos 1, 5, 9, 10 y 11, productores de la hemolisina Apxl. El segundo grupo, que ocasionaba una menor mortalidad, estaba integrado por cepas pertenecientes a los serotipos 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 y 8, que no producían dicha toxina. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto el papel fundamental de esta toxina en la patogenicidad de A. pleuropneumoniae en el ratón. El modelo murino fue útil para establecer diferencias en la virulencia asociadas al fenotipo hemolítico, a través del estudio de mutantes afectados en este carácter respecto de la cepa salvaje original. En cualquier caso, el cuadro característico de la infección natural por A. pleuropneumoniae no se reproduce en el ratón y su utilidad para el estudio de la pleuroneumonía porcina estaría circunscrita a la fase aguda. La inoculación de hierro dextrano y de Desferin° en el ratón con el fin de modificar su equilibrio férrico no mejoraba la infección.
Infrapoblaciones parasitarias intestinales en el ratón de campo, Apodemus sylvaticus (L., 1758) y su influencia en algunos parámetros somáticos
Authors: Reguera Feo Antonio , Garnica Cortezo Rafael de , Castañón Ordóñez Luciano
Published: December 2023

Se estudiaron 49 infracomunidades intestinales de ratón de campo (Apodemus sylvaticus) relacionándolas con el hábitat de procedencia y con parámetros somáticos del roedor: peso, longitud y el índice longitud/peso. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las nueve infrapoblaciones parasitarias encontradas tienen diferentes efectos sobre el hospedador. Hymenolepis diminuta limita la longitud del hospedador y diversos digenea, y especialmente un nematodo, Trichuris mu ris, producen importantes efectospatogénicos disminuyendo su peso y aumentando el índice longitud/peso de manera apreciable.
Transmisión de la infección por pestivirus a ovejas y cabras en contacto con un ternero persistentemente infectado con una cepa vacunal de origen bovino
Authors: González González Manuel , Muñoz Fernández María , Álvarez Martínez Marcelino
Published: December 2023

Un ternero, de cinco meses de edad, persistentemente infectado (P.I.) con una cepa vacunal de pestivirus bovino, se estabuló, durante 11 semanas, en estrecho contacto con dos cabras seronegativas y dos ovejas gestantes (4° mes de gestación) seronegativas. La transmisión de la infección se confirmó mediante una prueba de neutralización del efecto citopático vírico de la cepa Oregon C24V sobre células EBTr. Las cabras y las ovejas seroconvirtieron durante la 2' y la 3a semanas después de su estabulación. Los títulos en anticuerpos neutralizantes específicos frente a pestivirus aumentaron progresivamente, principalmente durante las cuatro primeras semanas, y permanecieron constantes después de alcanzado el título máximo entre la 5' y la 9a semana. La cepa vacunal de pestivirus bovino infectó a los dos fetos ovinos de una oveja gestante, como se demostró por la presencia de anticuerpos séricos específicos en los corderos antes de la toma de calostro. Se discuten las implicaciones epidemiológicas del uso de vacunas vivas de pestivirus en rebaños mixtos de rumiantes.
Eficacia del cloruro sódico como inhibidor de Bacillus stearothermophilus
Authors: Bernardo Álvarez Ana , González Prieto Josefa , Mazas Alberdi Margarita , González Martínez Isaac , López Fernández Mercedes
Published: December 2023

Se ha estudiado el efecto inhibitorio ejercido por el cloruro sódico sobre Bacillus stearothermophilus (cepas ATCC 12980, 7953, 15951 y 15952). La intensidad del efecto observado varió, tanto para los esporos no tratados como para los sometidos a la acción del calor. En el primer caso, la adición de un 3% de sal no permitió el crecimiento de la cepa 7953, mientras que las otras tres fueron capaces de formar colonias incluso tras la adición de un 6% de NaCI. El calentamiento produjo un aumento de la sensibilidad de los esporos de tal forma que, la adición de un 0,5% dio lugar a un descenso en los niveles de recuperación hallados, que disminuían progresivamente al incrementar la cantidad de sal añadida, aunque se pusieron de manifiesto diferencias entre cepas. Así, concentraciones superiores al 2% de sal no permitieron la recuperación de las cepas 7953 y 15952, mientras que fue necesario añadir para obtener este efecto al menos un 3% de sal en el caso de la cepa 15951 y un 4% para la 12980. En todos los casos, los valores D aparentes calculados descendieron progresivamente al aumentar la concentración de sal, reduciéndose en torno a un 50% al añadir el 2%. El efecto causado por la sal resultó independiente de la temperatura de tratamiento, obteniéndose valores z de 7.81°C± 0.23.
Sialoglicoconjugados de la leche
Authors: Martín-Sosa S. , Hueso Pérez Pablo , Ariel García Pardo Luis , Puente López R. , J. Ruano M. , J. Martín Martín M.
Published: December 2023

Se ha estudiado el contenido de diversos sialoglicoconjugados de la leche de vaca, cabra y oveja y su evolución durante la lactación. El contenido de ácidos siálicos totales y el de ácidos siálicos unidos a lípidos (gangliósidos) es alto en el calostro, disminuyendo a medida que avanza la lactación en las tres especies estudiadas. La leche de cabra presenta un contenido de ácidos siálicos totales superior a las de vaca y oveja en cualquier fase de la lactación, mientras que la leche de vaca tiene prácticamente 10 veces más gangliósidos que las de cabra y oveja. En cuanto al contenido de ácido N-glicolilneuramínico, la leche de oveja y de cabra tienen porcentajes (con respecto al total de ácidos siálicos) de 60-80% y 30-60% respectivamente, mientras que la de vaca lo tiene de 6-30%. Se ha analizado también la distribución de los diferentes sialoglicoconjugados en la leche de vaca, destacando el elevado contenido de ácidos siálicos unidos a oligosacáridos del calostro con respecto a la leche madura.
Singularities in Global Hyperbolic Space-time Manifold
Authors: Mohajan Haradhan Kumar
Published: December 2023

If a space-time is timelike or null geodesically incomplete but cannot be embedded in a larger space-time, then we say that it has a singularity. There are two types of singularities in the space-time manifold. First one is called the Big Bang singularity. This type of singularity must be interpreted as the catastrophic event from which the entire universe emerged, where all the known laws of physics and mathematics breakdown in such a way that we cannot know what was happened during and before the big bang singularity. The second type is Schwarzschild singularity, which is considered as the end state of the gravitational collapse of a massive star which has exhausted its nuclear fuel providing the pressure gradient against the inwards pull of gravity. Global hyperbolicity is the most important condition on causal structure space-time, which is involved in problems as cosmic censorship, predictability, etc. Here both types of singularities in global hyperbolic space-time manifold are discussed in some details.
Influence of harmonic interference on coherent reception of signals with differential phase-shift keying
Authors: Bryukhanov Yu.A. , Sozaev A.S. , Poeluev S.S.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the work is to analyze the errors in receiving signals with relative phase shift keying under the influence of harmonic interference with random parameters. It is assumed that a useful signal, additive white Gaussian noise, and interference simultaneously arrive at the demodulator input in the receiver. The effect of harmonic interference on the error probability of coherent reception of radio signals with relative phase shift keying is considered. The effect of interference is estimated by the ratio at the output of the demodulator of the energies of the signal symbols in the absence and under the influence of interference. The influence of the phase jump of the useful signal, the level and the initial phase of the interference on the error of receiving signals with relative phase shift keying has been established. The dependence of the demodulated symbol energy on the noise parameters is calculated. Expressions are obtained and calculations are made of the error probability of receiving radio signals in the presence of interference. Statistical averaging of the error probability over the phase jump of the useful signal, as well over the initial phase of the interference, is performed. The energy losses are determined as the difference between the ratios of the bit energy to the power spectral density of the noise under the influence and in the absence of interference. It is established that the value of losses for the same volumes of the alphabet and the amplitude of the interference does not depend on the magnitude of the reception error in the absence of interference, but is determined by the level of interference. To establish regularities, calculations were made of the average error probability of receiving radio signals with relative phase shift keying for a number of values of interference parameters, as well the ratio of the bit energy to the noise power spectral density in the absence of interference for three values of the size of the useful signal symbol alphabet.
Serial digital QAM-modem based on complex band-pass IIR filters with LF-prototypes of Bessel
Authors: Grebenko Yu.A. , Polyak R.I. , Kyaw Phyo Aung
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the development and implementation of algorithms for the single-channel sequential quadrature amplitude modulation and demodulation based on digital complex band-pass IIR filters with LF-prototypes of Bessel. The use of complex IIR filters of Bessel allows to obtain orthogonal carrier signals which are close in shape to symmetric signals with practical non-overlapping spectra. The procedure for calculating the 4th-order digital low-pass Bessel filter using the generalized bilinear transformation method, which is used in the theory of digital signal processing to convert a continuous-time system into a discrete-time system, is considered. The variants of implementing the digital complex bandpass filters with a sequential structure using the complex delay method are considered, which allows to obtain the block diagrams of complex bandpass filters without additional calculations and to realize the restructuring of the central frequency without changing the frequency response shape by changing only two coefficients in complex delays. The procedure for obtaining of the expression of the impulse response of digital complex band-pass IIR filters of Bessel is considered. With the help of circuit modeling, the amplitude-frequency response and impulse response of such filter are determined. If the IIR filters are used in the modulator, the pulse characteristics of which are infinite and asymmetric, then it is necessary to use digital complex FIR filters consistent with the truncated pulse characteristic in the demodulator. But as an exception, the Bessel digital IIR filter has a phase-frequency response similar in shape closely to the linear one and, accordingly, a pulse response close to the symmetric one. In this case, the same recursive complex Bessel filters, similar to the filter in the modulator, can be used as matched filters in the demodulator. Therefore, the serial block diagram of the modem contains the same complex band-pass IIR filters with LF-prototypes of Bessel. The choice of the central frequency of the channel digital complex bandpass IIR filter is carried out by setting two coefficients. The results of circuit modeling of the data transmission system with the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM-16) in the Microcap environment are presented, confirming the operability of the proposed option.
Reputation and Pagerank on the Ethereum Blockchain: Technical Report
Authors:   Octan Network, Hanoi, Vietnam., Imig Scott K.
Published: December 2023

Motivated by the need for a credibly neutral reputation mechanism on the blockchain, we study Pagerank and other properties of two Ethereum addresses, considering one address as trustworthy and the other as problematic. We show that an unmodified Pagerank algorithm does not distinguish these cases, while asserting that Pagerank is nonetheless an important starting point for such a mechanism. We give several directions for extending or modifying the mechanism to cover such cases.
Dental restorative materials and special consideration for the elderly
Authors: Mohammed Ali Alakkad Tarik , Diwan Moayad Adnan , Sanie Mohammed Khalid Al , Balkhair Ola Jamal , Al Mobarak Faisal Musaad , Badahdah Rasha Ahmed , Bakhsh Abdulaziz Fahad , Otaibi Norah Rjaa Al , Abdulwahed Saud Fahad Al , Sharif Haifa Mohammed Al , Anazi Riyadh Obied Al
Published: December 2023

With the global population aging, the oral health of elderly individuals faces unique challenges, particularly concerning dental caries. Root caries, in particular, have become a growing concern due to the significant number of retained teeth in older adults. This review delves into the frequency of root caries among older individuals and examines the limitations of existing dental restorative materials, including amalgam, glass ionomer cement, and light-cured composite resin, in meeting the unique requirements of the elderly. It underscores the urgent necessity for improving the antibacterial, bonding, remineralization, strength, and durability characteristics of these materials. Additionally, the study discusses factors related to aging, treatment planning, and special considerations in geriatric dental care. The review also delves into the challenges associated with providing dental care to elderly individuals, including depression, postural hypotension, prescribed drugs, delayed healing, adaptive potential, mucosal quality, and poor plaque control. Moreover, it addresses the role of xerostomia, bruxism, and certain medical conditions in exacerbating dental issues in the elderly. It also introduces novel anticariogenic restorative materials, such as antimicrobial materials, remineralization materials, and self-healing/low-shrinkage materials, highlighting their potential to improve oral health in older individuals.
The impact of laboratory automation on efficiency and accuracy in healthcare settings
Authors: Alhammad Loulwah Ahmed , Ainosah Turki Khalid , Ahmad Ahmad Mahmoud , Samarkandi Mohab Sameh , Jawi Nuha Hamed , Alharthi Majed Abdullah , Alsharif Ashwaq Mohammad , Anazi Eman Ayed Al , Aldugeshem Samar Abdulaziz , Johali Faisal Yahya
Published: December 2023

Automated sample processing systems, such as handlers, have played a role in expediting specimen handling, especially during emergencies. Additionally, automated analyzers have contributed to increased testing efficiency by enabling high throughput screening and quicker access to information. This article explores how the use of automated technology in laboratories has greatly improved efficiency and accuracy in healthcare settings. By examining the integration of automated systems for processing samples and conducting tests this review highlights the impact automation has had on outcomes. One notable benefit is reduced turnaround times, streamlined workflows, and enhanced precision in diagnostic testing. The incorporation of laboratory information management systems (LIMS) has further improved efficiency through data integration and real-time monitoring. Accuracy is an aspect of processes, and automated systems meticulously adhere to predefined protocols, resulting in reduced error rates and consistently reliable results. The introduction of intelligence (AI) has enhanced accuracy, particularly in image analysis within the pathology and radiology fields. Effective clinical management of laboratory automation entails technology selection planning for implementation and ongoing monitoring. Interoperability between systems, continuous education on advancements, and efficient workforce management are all crucial components for successful implementation. Despite challenges faced along the way, adopting laboratory automation is essential for optimizing laboratories' workflows while delivering timely information. The review consistently affirms laboratory automation's valid influence in improving efficiency and accuracy within healthcare environments.
Irritable bowel syndrome: classification, dietary approach, pharmacological and psychological treatments
Authors: Ghamdi Khalid Mohammed Al , Alghamdi Mohammed Abdullah , Alqahtani Huda Ali , Alsulami Sari Ateeq , Alghamdi Ali Mesfer , Aljohani Abdullah Ahmed , Alqarni Mohamed Awad , Al-Mulhim Latifah Ibrahim , Bahadir Nidhal Ibrahim , Aljdibi Fahad Ibrahim , Ebrahim Ahmed Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Irritable bowel syndrome is a long-lasting disorder that affects a significant number of people worldwide. This comprehensive study explores the complexities of IBS, thoroughly investigating its classification, signs, and various treatment approaches. It emphasizes the nature of IBS symptoms, highlighting the importance of tailored treatment strategies that consider adjustments, medications, and psychological therapies. The study recognizes that each patient responds differently to treatments, underscoring the need for care. By shedding light on the nature of IBS and acknowledging experiences, this research aims to provide an updated and evidence-based understanding of managing IBS. The significance of an approach is emphasized, recognizing how health, psychological well-being, and lifestyle factors are interconnected in IBS. Alongside medication for symptom relief and therapies addressing aspects, dietary modifications play a vital role in improving patient outcomes and overall quality of life. This integrated strategy aims to address IBS's impact on health and overall well-being. In summary, this study provides information for healthcare professionals and researchers to provide an understanding of the complexities of IBS and advocate for a personalized and evidence-based approach to its treatment.
Study of the multidimensional academic ranking U-Multirank
Authors: Prado Antonio F. B. A.
Published: December 2023

The present paper explores the dimensions and indicators of the international multidimensional academic ranking U-Multirank. Studying this ranking is important in Brazil today, as the new evaluation of graduate programs in the country is incorporating several aspects of multidimensional evaluation, including concepts from U-Multirank. This ranking reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each academic institution through 5 dimensions formed by 36 indicators. While this large set of dimensions and indicators provides a comprehensive view of universities, it raises questions regarding their independence and data availability. The analysis focuses on the top 300 European academic institutions listed in the 2020 edition, describing the dimensions and indicators and calculating statistical correlations between them.
Review on extraction techniques for medicinal and aromatic plants
Authors: Malini G , Saranya B , Parameswari Angala
Published: December 2023

The active ingredients and essential oils of aromatic and therapeutic plants can be extracted using a variety of techniques. The decision is based on how well the procedure fits the specific circumstances and whether it is economically feasible. The traditional techniques for making tinctures and galenicals from aromatic and therapeutic herbs are maceration, percolation, and infusion.
Antimicrobial efficacy of Tejpata
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Heer Arti , Sharma Shivangi , Sharma Sonam
Published: December 2023

Treatment with antibiotics became so common that people start using these drugs even for the little of ailment resulting in misuse of antibiotics. This leads to decrease in susceptibility of microorganisms to the present antibiotics or antimicrobial agents. Currently, in addition to antibiotics and chemically synthesized drugs, the trend to look out for alternative medicines such as natural or herbal medicines is increasing because of fewer side effects or toxicity owing to their natural sources. Therefore, the need for novel / more effective antimicrobial drugs, is an absolute necessity and remains a very important area of research against pathogens. In the present study, antifungal and antibacterial effect of leaves has been evaluated against three fungal and five bacterial strains via methanolic extract. showed moderate growth inhibition against the fungal strain The methanolic extract of the leaves of the plantalsoshowed average activity against the three bacterial strains viz., and .
Seguros inclusivos
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Escribano Gámir María Cristina
Published: December 2023

Exponer como los seguros inclusivos pueden ser herramientas que ayuden en la reducción de las desigualdades económicas y sociales en cualquier latitud. Esta solución financiera se enlaza con los objetivos del Milenio de Naciones Unidas. Se pretende, así, dar una idea internacional sobre el tema.