bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indigegogy
Authors: Absolon Kathy , Dias Giselle
Published: January 2020

A paradigm shift in Indigenous social work education centers on Indigenous knowledge. Indigenous educators are asserting the place of Indigenous knowledge, language, and culture in Indigenous social work education and have been leaders in generating significant changes over the last 40 years.

Shifts have occurred over a continuum time spanning pre-contact and contact through colonization, education as a mechanism of the colonial project, movements of Indian control over Indigenous education, decolonizing education, and into the paradigm of Indigegogy. The article focuses on Indigegogy illustrating a deeper look of Indigegogy as an Indigenist paradigm. The intention of this article is to contribute to the understanding and knowledge of Indigegogy within an Indigenist paradigm with the intention of continuing the return of Indigenous social work education back to Indigenous peoples interested in learning the ways of the people, in the ways of the people.
Dorsal Hump Reduction Based on the New Ethmoidal Point Classification: A Clinical and Radiological Study of the Keystone Area in 138 Patients
Authors: Ferreira Miguel Gonçalves , Dias David Rodrigues , Cardoso Luis , Santos Mariline , Sousa Cecília A , Dourado Nuno , Santos Jorge , Amarante José
Published: January 2020

Background

Hump resection often requires reorganization of the keystone area.

Objectives

The authors sought to describe the importance of the point where the perpendicular plate of ethmoid joins the septal cartilage (SC) and the nasal bones (NB) (Ethmoidal point [E-point]) for hump resection surgical planning.

Methods

Measurements from mid-sagittal slices in nasal computed tomography scans taken in adult Caucasian patients between January 2015 and December 2018 were compared between patients seeking primary rhinoplasty due to a nasal hump and patients not seeking rhinoplasty (control group). Patients with previous nasal surgery or trauma, genetic or congenital facial disorders, and high septal deviation were excluded. The length of overlap between NB and SC was compared between the 2 groups. The location of the E-point in relation to the beginning of the nasal hump in the cephalocaudal direction was documented in the patients seeking rhinoplasty.

Results

The study population included 138 patients, 69 seeking and 69 not seeking rhinoplasty (96 females). The mean age was 32.9 years (range, 18-55 years). The length of overlap between NB and SC was similar between both groups (11.7 ± 3.3 vs 10.8 ± 3.3; P = 0.235). The E-point was located before the beginning of the nasal hump in 97% (67/69) of nasal hump patients, and it could be found a mean distance of 2.3 (±2.3) mm cephalic to the latter.

Conclusions

As a rule, the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid does not contribute to the nasal hump; therefore, only in exceptional cases should this be addressed while performing dorsal reduction.

Level of Evidence: 3
CANVAS with cerebellar/sensory/vestibular dysfunction from RFC1 intronic pentanucleotide expansion
Authors: Paisán-Ruiz Coro , Jen Joanna C
Published: January 2020

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome due to RFC1 repeat expansion’, by Cortese et al. (doi: 10.1093/brain/awz418).
Exploring user perceptions of deletion in mobile instant messaging applications
Authors: Schnitzler Theodor , Utz Christine , Farke Florian M , Pöpper Christina , Dürmuth Markus
Published: January 2020

Contemporary mobile messaging provides rich text and multimedia functionality leaving detailed trails of sensitive user information that can span long periods of time. Allowing users to manage the privacy implications both on the sender and the receiver side can help to increase confidence in the use of communication applications. In October 2017, one of the mobile messengers with the largest user base, WhatsApp, introduced a feature to delete past messages from communication, both from the sender’s and the recipient’s devices. In this article, we compare the deletion features of 17 popular messaging applications. Implementations of these features widely differ across the applications we examined. We further report on a study with 125 participants conducted in a between-subjects design. We explore users’ preferences for deleting mobile messages, and we investigate how well they comprehend this functionality as implemented in popular messaging applications. We found statistically significant differences in users’ understanding of message deletion between our three test conditions, comprising WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and Skype. Eighty percent of participants in the WhatsApp condition could correctly assess the effects of deleting messages, compared to only 49% in the Skype condition. In addition, we provide insights into qualitative feedback received from our participants. Our findings indicate that message deletion is seen as a potentially useful feature that users may be able to use in different ways, including editing messages. Furthermore, users can more precisely estimate the capabilities of a deletion function when its effects are transparently explained in the application’s user interface.
Development of the Hong Kong Sign Language Sentence Repetition Test
Authors: Sze Felix , Wei Monica Xiao , Lam David
Published: January 2020

This paper presents the design and development of the Hong Kong Sign Language-Sentence Repetition Test (HKSL-SRT). It will be argued that the test offers evidence of discriminability, reliability, as well as practicality and can serve as an effective global measurement of individuals' proficiency in HKSL. The full version of the test consists of 40 signed sentences of increasing length and complexity. Specifically, we will evaluate the manual and non-manual components of these sentences to find out whether and to what extent they can differentiate three groups of deaf signers, namely, native signers, early learners and late learners. Statistical analyses show that the test scores based on a correct repetition of the manual signs of each sentence bear a significant negative correlation with signers' age of acquisition. Including the correct repetition of non-manuals in the scoring scheme can result in higher reliability and separation index of the test in the Rasch model. This paper will also discuss how psychometric measures of Rasch analysis, including the concept of fit and the rankings of items/persons in the Wright map, have been applied to the original list of the 40 sentence items for the development of a shortened test.
Epigenetic anticipation for food and reproduction
Authors: Leung Christelle , Angers Bernard , Bergeron Patrick
Published: January 2020

Physiological changes in anticipation of cyclic environmental events are common for the persistence of populations in fluctuating environments (e.g. seasons). However, dealing with sporadic resources such as the intermittent production of seed masting trees may be challenging unless reliable cues also make them predictable. To be adaptive, the anticipation of such episodic events would have to trigger the corresponding physiological response. Epigenetic modifications could result in such physiological anticipatory responses to future changes. The eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) is known to adjust its reproductive activity to match juvenile weaning with peak seed availability of masting trees, which are essential for their survival. We therefore expected that epigenetic changes would be linked to spring reproductive initiation in anticipation for beech seed availability in fall. We correlated the variation of DNA methylation profiles of 114 adult chipmunks captured in May with beech seeds abundance in September, over 4 years, for three distinct populations, as well as individuals sampled twice during reproductive and non-reproductive years. The significant correlation between spring epigenetic variation and the amount of food in the fall confirmed the phenotypic flexibility of individuals according to environmental fluctuations. Altogether, these results underlined the key role of epigenetic processes in anticipatory responses enabling organisms to persist in fluctuating environments.
Tangential stress at the core–mantle interface
Authors: Jault D
Published: January 2020

Fluctuations in the rotation rate of the solid Earth over periods from 5 to 100 yr result from exchanges of angular momentum between the fluid outer core and the solid mantle. The coupling mechanism mediating angular momentum transfer is not clear yet. Here, I revisit local Cartesian models for the pressure stress on a bumpy core–mantle interface. One common approach consists in analysing forced magnetohydrodynamic modes arising from the interaction between a steady flow along the core–mantle interface and boundary topography. The wave amplitude scales as the height ζ of corrugations and the pressure stress as ζ2. As expected from Newton’s third law, the tangential stress on the fluid is opposite to the tangential stress on the solid. It is exactly compensated by non-zero mean electromagnetic and Coriolis forces, which both result from interactions at infinity and not with the electrically insulating solid. Requiring zero net flux of mass and electrical current at infinity in order to better model closed systems necessitates to restore mean flow acceleration. This makes possible to investigate whether there is momentum transfer into the fluid interior or instead dissipation next to the boundary. Fluid stratification enhances the horizontal stress exerted by the pressure field on the core–mantle boundary but we have yet to describe the mechanism to transport momentum from the boundary into the fluid.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Outbreak Investigation Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in Massachusetts Enhanced by HIV Sequence Data
Authors: Tumpney Matthew , John Betsey , Panneer Nivedha , McClung R Paul , Campbell Ellsworth M , Roosevelt Kathleen , DeMaria Alfred , Buchacz Kate , Switzer William M , Lyss Sheryl , Cranston Kevin
Published: January 2020

Background

The Massachusetts Department of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated to characterize a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreak in northeastern Massachusetts and prevent further transmission. We determined the contributions of HIV sequence data to defining the outbreak.

Methods

Human immunodeficiency virus surveillance and partner services data were analyzed to understand social and molecular links within the outbreak. Cases were defined as HIV infections diagnosed during 2015–2018 among people who inject drugs with connections to northeastern Massachusetts or HIV infections among other persons named as partners of a case or whose HIV polymerase sequence linked to another case, regardless of diagnosis date or geography.

Results

Of 184 cases, 65 (35%) were first identified as part of the outbreak through molecular analysis. Twenty-nine cases outside of northeastern Massachusetts were molecularly linked to the outbreak. Large molecular clusters (75, 28, and 11 persons) were identified. Among 161 named partners, 106 had HIV; of those, 40 (38%) diagnoses occurred through partner services.

Conclusions

Human immunodeficiency virus sequence data increased the case count by 55% and expanded the geographic scope of the outbreak. Human immunodeficiency virus sequence and partner services data each identified cases that the other method would not have, maximizing prevention and care opportunities for HIV-infected persons and their partners.
Temporal Correlations of Skin and Blood Metabolites with Clinical Outcomes of Biologic Therapy in Psoriasis
Authors: Dutkiewicz Ewelina P , Hsieh Kai-Ta , Urban Pawel L , Chiu Hsien-Yi
Published: January 2020

Background

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease causing multisystem effects. Introduction of biologic drugs has led to promising results in treatment of this disease. Here, we carry out time-dependent profiling of psoriasis-related putative metabolic biomarkers.

Methods

Skin excretion specimens were collected from 17 patients with psoriasis treated with biologics for 7 months. Blood specimens were obtained from the same patients at intervals of 1–3 months. A hydrogel micropatch sampling technique was implemented to collect lesional (L) and nonlesional (NL) skin specimens. The collected skin and blood specimens were analyzed by mass spectrometric methods.

Results

The metabolites present on L skin—in particular, choline, and citrulline—showed greater dynamics, corresponding to the resolution of psoriasis than the metabolites present in NL skin or blood. Choline levels in L skin and blood correlated positively, while citrulline correlated negatively with the severity of individual psoriasis plaques and general disease severity, respectively. Nevertheless, the correlations between the metabolite levels in blood and general disease severity were weaker than those between the metabolite levels on L skin and severity of individual plaques. The changes of these skin metabolites were more prominent in the responders to the treatment than in the nonresponders.

Conclusions

The results support the feasibility of characterizing dynamic changes in psoriatic skin metabolic proﬁles with the hydrogel micropatch probes and mass spectrometric tests. The study represents one of few attempts to explore relationships between skin and blood metabolite concentrations. However, practical use of the methodology in close clinical monitoring is yet to be demonstrated.
Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Aminexil, Pyridoxine, and Niacinamide in a Novel Cosmetic Hair Preparation
Authors: Rezk Mamdouh R , Essam Hebatallah M , Amer Enas A , Youssif Dina M S
Published: January 2020

Background

Aminexil, a new compound patented by L’Oreal, has a stimulating effect on human keratin fibers. Pyridoxine HCl and niacinamide are added to boost the hair tonic effect of aminexil.

Objective

Two novel chromatographic methods were developed for the determination of aminexil (AX), niacinamide (NA) and pyridoxine HCl (PD) in the novel hair tonic preparation.

Methods

The developed methods were high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) with densitometric determination. Different experimental parameters were investigated and optimized to achieve complete baseline separation and well resolved peaks. The RP-HPLC separation was achieved using a Thermoscientific BDS hypersil C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column using 0.005 M hexane sulfonic acid: methanol (80: 20, v/v) as a mobile phase. For the TLC method, the three analytes were partitioned between propanol: toluene: ammonia solution (40:60:2, v/v/v) and fluorescent silica plates. The two methods were validated in compliance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The obtained data were statistically analyzed to confirm the existing results. The developed methods were successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in pure forms and in the cosmetic preparation.

Results

For the HPLC method, the RSDs of AX, NA and PD were 0.70, 0.88 and 1.17 respectively. For the TLC method, the RSDs of AX, NA and PD were 1.06, 1.37 and 0.73 respectively.

Conclusions

The proposed chromatographic methods showed high sensitivity and selectivity for the three compounds under analysis in the laboratory prepared mixture and in the hair tonic preparation.

Highlights

Aminexil, Pyridoxine, Niacinamide, HPLC. The present work offers two reproducible, accurate, validated, time and cost saving alternatives for the quantitative and qualitative determination of medicated hair preparation.
Investigation of influence of growing pigs’ positive affective state on behavioral and physiological parameters using structural equation modeling
Authors: Krugmann Katja L , Mieloch Farina J , Krieter Joachim , Czycholl Irena
Published: January 2020

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the primarily positive affective state of fattening pigs influences various behavioral and physiological parameters such as the pigs’ playing behavior, way of behaving in behavioral tests, body language signals, or diameter, and astroglia cell numbers of hippocampi, salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) content, or salivary protein composition. Additionally, the suitability of the variables mentioned was examined to assess the pigs’ positive affective state in practice, which still constitutes a latent variable not itself measurable. For this, a dataset including behavioral and physiological data of 60 fattening pigs from 3 different farms with different housing systems was analyzed by the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. A hierarchical component model (HCM) was used including the pigs’ positive affective state as a higher-order component (HOC) and the behavioral and physiological parameters as lower-order components (LOC). Playing behavior, body language signals, and behavioral tests were revealed, in this order, to be most influenced by the pigs’ positive affective state since these resulted in the corresponding path coefficients (PC) of PC = 0.83, PC = 0.79, and PC = 0.62, respectively. Additionally moderate and weak R2-values occurred for the endogenous latent variables playing behavior (R2 = 69.8%), body language signals (R2 = 62.7%), and behavioral tests (R2 = 39.5%). Furthermore, the indicator of the “locomotor play” showed the highest indicator reliability (IR) (IR = 0.85) to estimate the latent variable of pigs’ positive affective state. The results of the present study supplement the comprehension and assessment of the pigs’ positive affective state in general.
Hypertrophic Scarring: Current Knowledge of Predisposing Factors, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Nabai Layla , Pourghadiri Amir , Ghahary Aziz
Published: January 2020

Hypertrophic scarring (HSc) is an age-old problem that still affects millions of people physically, psychologically, and economically. Despite advances in surgical techniques and wound care, prevention and treatment of HSc remains a challenge. Elucidation of factors involved in the development of this common fibroproliferative disorder is crucial for further progress in preventive and/or therapeutic measures. Our knowledge about pathophysiology of HSc at the cellular and molecular level has grown considerably in recent decades. In this article, current knowledge of predisposing factors and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of HSc has been reviewed.
Radiology’s Engagement with Transgender Breast Imaging: Review of Radiology Practice Websites and Publications
Authors: Huang Siu-Yuan , Zhang Meng , David Miriam
Published: January 2020

To assess engagement with transgender breast health among radiology investigators and providers, we analyzed: (1) trends in medical research regarding transgender breast health, and (2) breast imaging practices’ websites, for inclusion of the word transgender and mention of services specifically for transgender patients. We viewed the analyses of both research articles and general websites as two real-world measures of engagement among the professional community, in contrast to surveys whose responses rely on the compliance of recipients. A PubMed search performed for the text words transgender breast cancer, Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-Transgender (LGBT) breast cancer, and transgender breast imaging. Our search yielded 48 unique relevant publications from 2010–2019. While research publications regarding transgender breast health have been become more numerous since 2015, it is still a relatively small field of study. Websites were analyzed for mention of transgender breast health needs and were reviewed for gender-neutral language and design. Of the 20 breast imaging centers listed as top choices by a national consumer group in 2019, none of their websites included the term transgender. Likewise, of the 21 centers in New York City and in San Francisco listed using the Google search engine, none included the term transgender. Despite its growing importance, issues related to transgender breast imaging are not well addressed in the radiology literature or in the radiology community, even though more transgender patients are presenting to breast centers for imaging. Radiologists need to be aware of imaging recommendations for these patients and display sensitivity to specific patient concerns.
Homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction mechanism on MHD carbon nanotube flow over a stretching cylinder with prescribed heat flux using differential transform method
Authors: Sankar Giri Shib , Das Kalidas , Kundu Prabir Kumar
Published: January 2020

Hydromagnetic nanofluid flow through an incompressible stretching cylinder accompanying with homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reaction has been executed in current literature. SWCNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes) and MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) as nanoparticles in appearance of prescribed heat flux are accounted here. Leading equations of the assumed model have been normalized through similarity practice and succeeding equations resolved numerically by spending RK-4 shooting practice and analytically by engaging differential transform method. The impulse of promising flow constraints on the flow characteristic is finalized precisely through graphs and charts. We perceived that velocity outlines and temperature transmission are advanced in MWCNT than SWCNT in every case.
Worldwide Phylogeography of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Using Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Ruiz-Arce Raul , Todd Terrance N , Deleon Rosita , Barr Norman B , Virgilio Massimiliano , De Meyer Marc , McPheron Bruce A
Published: January 2020

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann), is one of the most economically important tephritid species worldwide. It has spread across six geographic regions as a result of successful invasions and continues to cause substantial losses to agricultural communities. Our study examined 1,864 flies originating from 150 localities, using mitochondrial DNA sequencing methods. We tested for population structure and revealed the genetic diversity for 1,592 specimens gathered from 144 wild fly collections from 46 countries representing the entire geographic range for this species. We also include in this study 272 Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) specimens from four SIT facilities. We recovered 202 haplotypes from the current sampling and updated previously published work to reveal a total of 231 haplotypes for this pest. These data show population structure at and below the regional level for these collections, shedding light on the current demographics for this species. We observed four common haplotypes, seen among 62% of the samples sequenced that have worldwide distribution. Three haplotypes were seen in SIT flies, with one seen as the predominant haplotype. Our work showed that two of the haplotypes were private to SIT flies, not present among wild fly collections. However, a third haplotype common among wild fly collections was also seen in one SIT facility but at a low frequency based on the current sampling. We provide guidance on the interpretation of these methods for the source estimation of current and future infestations.
Local Ties that Bind? Exploring Noncombat Contact and Understandings of Military Duty in Afghanistan
Authors: Ekman Lisa
Published: January 2020

Contemporary “population-oriented” military intervention and the objectives of protecting, supporting, and fighting alongside host-nation authorities and populations pose new challenges to Western armed forces’ traditionally combat-oriented understanding of duty. The article argues that military personnel who engage in unarmed and nonthreatening interaction—noncombat contact—with host citizens are more likely to develop a stronger sense of duty—perceived obligations—toward the host-nation population. Interviews with US Army officers with experiences from Afghanistan show that noncombat contact with Afghan citizens led to increased willingness to safeguard the interests and well-being of the Afghan population and adapt the mission accordingly.
Mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma presenting with Ductal carcinoma in situ and axillary lymph node metastasis
Authors: Burusapat Chairat , Buarabporn Naphan , Wongchansom Kittisak , Chanapai Pongsit , Parinyanut Parinya , Supaporn Surapong
Published: January 2020

Mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is extremely rare tumors, comprising <0.1% of all breast cancers. Moreover, lymph node metastasis is <2% of mammary ACC. Here, we report a case of 51-year-old female presented with painful mass on her left breast and left axillary lymph node enlargement. Core needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma. Left lumpectomy and axillary lymph nodes dissections were performed. The final pathological report showed triple-negative mammary ACC arising with high grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and axillary lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemistry study is useful in confirming a diagnosis. Given the rarity of this cancer, natural history of disease is still not clearly understood. Complete surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. To our best knowledge, mammary ACC presenting with DCIS and axillary lymph node metastasis has never been reported and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of breast cancers.
dynesty: a dynamic nested sampling package for estimating Bayesian posteriors and evidences
Authors: Speagle Joshua S
Published: January 2020

We present dynesty, a public, open-source, python package to estimate Bayesian posteriors and evidences (marginal likelihoods) using the dynamic nested sampling methods developed by Higson et al. By adaptively allocating samples based on posterior structure, dynamic nested sampling has the benefits of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms that focus exclusively on posterior estimation while retaining nested sampling’s ability to estimate evidences and sample from complex, multimodal distributions. We provide an overview of nested sampling, its extension to dynamic nested sampling, the algorithmic challenges involved, and the various approaches taken to solve them in this and previous work. We then examine dynesty’s performance on a variety of toy problems along with several astronomical applications. We find in particular problems dynesty can provide substantial improvements in sampling efficiency compared to popular MCMC approaches in the astronomical literature. More detailed statistical results related to nested sampling are also included in the appendix.
On the use of the first-order moment approach for measurements of Heff from LSD profiles
Authors: Ramírez Vélez J C
Published: January 2020

The big majority of the reported measurements of the stellar magnetic fields that have analysed spectropolarimetric data have employed the least-squares deconvolution method (LSD) and the first-order moment approach. We present a series of numerical tests in which we review some important aspects of this technique. First, we show that the selection of the profile widths, i.e. integration range in the first-order moment equation, is independent of the accuracy of the magnetic measurements, meaning that for any arbitrary profile width it is always possible to properly determine the longitudinal magnetic field. We also study the interplay between the line depth limit adopted in the line mask and the normalization values of the LSD profiles. We finally show that the rotation of the stars has to be considered to correctly infer the intensity of the magnetic field, something that has been neglected up to now. We show that the latter consideration is crucial, and our test shows that the magnetic intensities differ by a factor close to 3 for a moderate fast rotator star with vsini of 50 ${\rm km\, s^{-1}}$. Therefore, it is expected that in general the stellar magnetic fields reported for fast rotators are stronger than what was believed. All the previous results shows that the first-order moment can be a very robust tool for measurements of magnetic fields, provided that the weak magnetic field approximation is secured. We also show that when the magnetic field regime breaks down, the use of the first-order moment method becomes uncertain.
Extensive Shifts from Cis- to Trans-splicing of Gymnosperm Mitochondrial Introns
Authors: Guo Wenhu , Zhu Andan , Fan Weishu , Adams Robert P , Mower Jeffrey P
Published: January 2020

Hundreds of plant mitogenomes have been sequenced from angiosperms, but relatively few mitogenomes are available from its sister lineage, gymnosperms. To examine mitogenomic diversity among extant gymnosperms, we generated draft mitogenomes from 11 diverse species and compared them with four previously published mitogenomes. Examined mitogenomes from Pinaceae and cycads retained all 41 protein genes and 26 introns present in the common ancestor of seed plants, whereas gnetophyte and cupressophyte mitogenomes experienced extensive gene and intron loss. In Pinaceae and cupressophyte mitogenomes, an unprecedented number of exons are distantly dispersed, requiring trans-splicing of 50–70% of mitochondrial introns to generate mature transcripts. RNAseq data confirm trans-splicing of these dispersed exons in Pinus. The prevalence of trans-splicing in vascular plant lineages with recombinogenic mitogenomes suggests that genomic rearrangement is the primary cause of shifts from cis- to trans-splicing in plant mitochondria.
A genetic analysis reveals novel histone residues required for transcriptional reprogramming upon stress
Authors: Viéitez Cristina , Martínez-Cebrián Gerard , Solé Carme , Böttcher René , Potel Clement M , Savitski Mikhail M , Onnebo Sara , Fabregat Marc , Shilatifard Ali , Posas Francesc , de Nadal Eulàlia
Published: January 2020

Cells have the ability to sense, respond and adapt to environmental fluctuations. Stress causes a massive reorganization of the transcriptional program. Many examples of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been associated with transcriptional activation or repression under steady-state growth conditions. Comparatively less is known about the role of histone PTMs in the cellular adaptive response to stress. Here, we performed high-throughput genetic screenings that provide a novel global map of the histone residues required for transcriptional reprogramming in response to heat and osmotic stress. Of note, we observed that the histone residues needed depend on the type of gene and/or stress, thereby suggesting a ‘personalized’, rather than general, subset of histone requirements for each chromatin context. In addition, we identified a number of new residues that unexpectedly serve to regulate transcription. As a proof of concept, we characterized the function of the histone residues H4-S47 and H4-T30 in response to osmotic and heat stress, respectively. Our results uncover novel roles for the kinases Cla4 and Ste20, yeast homologs of the mammalian PAK2 family, and the Ste11 MAPK as regulators of H4-S47 and H4-T30, respectively. This study provides new insights into the role of histone residues in transcriptional regulation under stress conditions.
Retrosigmoid Clip Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F
Published: January 2020

Aneurysms of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) are rare and require a considerate approach to facilitate successful and safe clipping. Surgical approaches vary and are dependent on the relation of the aneurysm to the internal acoustic meatus. An anterior approach should be considered for lesions medial to the meatus. Lesions adjacent to the meatus can be approached via a retrosigmoid or translabyrinthine approach. Lesions lateral to the meatus can be approached via a retrosigmoid or far lateral approach. This patient had a previously ruptured AICA aneurysm in the meatal region for which a retrosigmoid approach was selected. The approach involved locating the AICA distally and tracking it proximally to the origin off the basilar artery. A clip was applied across the aneurysm neck to facilitate occlusion while preserving parent vessel flow. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Shell model results for nuclear β−-decay properties of sd-shell nuclei
Authors: Kumar Anil , Srivastava Praveen C , Suzuki Toshio
Published: January 2020

We evaluate the allowed $\beta^-$-decay properties of nuclei with $Z = 8$–$15$ systematically under the framework of the nuclear shell model using the valence space Hamiltonians derived from modern ab initio methods, such as in-medium similarity renormalization group and coupled-cluster theory. For comparison we also show results obtained with fitted interaction derived from chiral effective field theory and phenomenological universal $sd$-shell Hamiltonian version B interaction. We have performed calculations for O $\rightarrow$ F, F $\rightarrow$ Ne, Ne $\rightarrow$ Na, Na $\rightarrow$ Mg, Mg $\rightarrow$ Al, Al $\rightarrow$ Si, Si $\rightarrow$ P, and P $\rightarrow$ S transitions. Theoretical results for $B(GT)$, $\log ft$ values, and half-lives are discussed and compared with the available experimental data.
Tropical Niche Conservatism Explains the Eocene Migration from India to Southeast Asia in Ochyroceratid Spiders
Authors: Li Fengyuan , Shao Lili , Li Shuqiang
Published: January 2020

Biological migrations between India and Southeast (SE) Asia provide an ideal system for exploring the effects of geology and climate on species ranges. Geologists have confirmed that the direct collision between India and Eurasia occurred in the Early Eocene, but most migrations occurred between the Indian subcontinent and SE Asia rather than the former and the southern margin of Eurasia. To explain this seemingly paradoxical disconnect between the routes of plate movement and biological migration, we studied the evolutionary history of the tropical spider family Ochyroceratidae based on 101 globally distributed species. We infer a robust dated phylogeny using both transcriptomic data and a data set of classical markers and relate these to biogeographic and climatic analyses. Our results indicate that the monophyly of Ochyroceratidae is strongly supported, and the divergence times suggest a Cretaceous Gondwanan origin of the family. Reconstructed biogeographic histories support a dispersal event from the Indian subcontinent to islands of SE Asia 55–38 Ma. Climatic analyses and the fossil record reveal that ochyroceratids are characterized by a high degree of tropical niche conservatism, and that the ancestor of the Indian and SE Asian clades originated in very warm, wet environments. Early Eocene tropical, perhumid climates in India, and SE Asia may have facilitated ochyroceratid migration, whereas the dry or seasonal climate extending from the eastern coast of China to Central Asia may have acted as a barrier, preventing dispersal. Our analyses suggest that climate plays a more important role than geology in biological migration from the Indian subcontinent to SE Asia, providing new insights into the Indian–Asian biogeographic link. [Biogeography; ecology; geological connections; macroevolution; paleoclimate.]
In vitro evolution of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) reveals selection for syncytia and other minor variants in cell culture
Authors: Kuny Chad V , Bowen Christopher D , Renner Daniel W , Johnston Christine M , Szpara Moriah L
Published: January 2020

The large dsDNA virus herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is considered to be genetically stable, yet it can rapidly evolve in response to strong selective pressures such as antiviral treatment. Deep sequencing has revealed that clinical and laboratory isolates of this virus exist as populations that contain a mixture of minor alleles or variants, similar to many RNA viruses. The classic virology approach of plaque purifying virus creates a genetically homogenous population, but it is not clear how closely this represents the mixed virus populations found in nature. We sought to study the evolution of mixed versus highly purified HSV-1 populations in controlled cell culture conditions, to examine the impact of this genetic diversity on evolution. We found that a mixed population of HSV-1 acquired more genetic diversity and underwent a more dramatic phenotypic shift than a plaque-purified population, producing a viral population that was almost entirely syncytial after just ten passages. At the genomic level, adaptation and genetic diversification occurred at the level of minor alleles or variants in the viral population. Certain genetic variants in the mixed viral population appeared to be positively selected in cell culture, and this shift was also observed in clinical samples during their first passages in vitro. In contrast, the plaque-purified viral population did not appear to change substantially in phenotype or overall quantity of minor allele diversity. These data indicate that HSV-1 is capable of evolving rapidly in a given environment, and that this evolution is facilitated by diversity in the viral population.
Suture-method versus Through-the-needle Catheters for Continuous Popliteal-sciatic Nerve Blocks
Authors: Finneran John J. , Swisher Matthew W. , Gabriel Rodney A. , Said Engy T. , Abanobi Maryann U. , Abramson Wendy B. , Dalstrom David J. , Schwartz Alexandra K. , Kent William T. , Yang Dongsheng , Mascha Edward J. , Ilfeld Brian M.
Published: January 2020

Background

The basic perineural catheter design has changed minimally since inception, with the catheter introduced through or over a straight needle. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently cleared a novel perineural catheter design comprising a catheter attached to the back of a suture-shaped needle that is inserted, advanced along the arc of its curvature pulling the catheter past the target nerve, and then exited through the skin in a second location. The authors hypothesized that analgesia would be noninferior using the new versus traditional catheter design in the first two days after painful foot/ankle surgery with a primary outcome of average pain measured with the Numeric Rating Scale.

Methods

Subjects undergoing painful foot or ankle surgery with a continuous supraparaneural popliteal-sciatic nerve block 5 cm proximal to the bifurcation were randomized to either a suture-type or through-the-needle catheter and subsequent 3-day 0.2% ropivacaine infusion (basal 6 ml/h, bolus 4 ml, lockout 30 min). Subjects received daily follow-up for the first four days after surgery, including assessment for evidence of malfunction or dislodgement of the catheters.

Results

During the first two postoperative days the mean ± SD average pain scores were lower in subjects with the suture-catheter (n = 35) compared with the through-the-needle (n = 35) group (2.7 ± 2.4 vs. 3.4 ± 2.4) and found to be statistically noninferior (95% CI, −1.9 to 0.6; P < 0.001). No suture-style catheter was completely dislodged (0%), whereas the tips of three (9%) traditional catheters were found outside of the skin before purposeful removal on postoperative day 3 (P = 0.239).

Conclusions

Suture-type perineural catheters provided noninferior analgesia compared with traditional catheters for continuous popliteal-sciatic blocks after painful foot and ankle surgery. The new catheter design appears to be a viable alternative to traditional designs used for the past seven decades.

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Recognition of Accented Speech by Cochlear-Implant Listeners: Benefit of Audiovisual Cues
Authors: Waddington Emily , Jaekel Brittany N. , Tinnemore Anna R. , Gordon-Salant Sandra , Goupell Matthew J.
Published: January 2020

Objectives:

When auditory and visual speech information are presented together, listeners obtain an audiovisual (AV) benefit or a speech understanding improvement compared with auditory-only (AO) or visual-only (VO) presentations. Cochlear-implant (CI) listeners, who receive degraded speech input and therefore understand speech using primarily temporal information, seem to readily use visual cues and can achieve a larger AV benefit than normal-hearing (NH) listeners. It is unclear, however, if the AV benefit remains relatively large for CI listeners when trying to understand foreign-accented speech when compared with unaccented speech. Accented speech can introduce changes to temporal auditory cues and visual cues, which could decrease the usefulness of AV information. Furthermore, we sought to determine if the AV benefit was relatively larger in CI compared with NH listeners for both unaccented and accented speech.

Design:

AV benefit was investigated for unaccented and Spanish-accented speech by presenting English sentences in AO, VO, and AV conditions to 15 CI and 15 age- and performance-matched NH listeners. Performance matching between NH and CI listeners was achieved by varying the number of channels of a noise vocoder for the NH listeners. Because of the differences in age and hearing history of the CI listeners, the effects of listener-related variables on speech understanding performance and AV benefit were also examined.

Results:

AV benefit was observed for both unaccented and accented conditions and for both CI and NH listeners. The two groups showed similar performance for the AO and AV conditions, and the normalized AV benefit was relatively smaller for the accented than the unaccented conditions. In the CI listeners, older age was associated with significantly poorer performance with the accented speaker compared with the unaccented speaker. The negative impact of age was somewhat reduced by a significant improvement in performance with access to AV information.

Conclusions:

When auditory speech information is degraded by CI sound processing, visual cues can be used to improve speech understanding, even in the presence of a Spanish accent. The AV benefit of the CI listeners closely matched that of the NH listeners presented with vocoded speech, which was unexpected given that CI listeners appear to rely more on visual information to communicate. This result is perhaps due to the one-to-one age and performance matching of the listeners. While aging decreased CI listener performance with the accented speaker, access to visual cues boosted performance and could partially overcome the age-related speech understanding deficits for the older CI listeners.
Dermal and Intraepidermal Merkel Cell Carcinoma With Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Report of a Rare Case With Special Reference to the Touch Dome
Authors: Narisawa Yutaka , Inoue Takuya , Nagase Kotaro
Published: January 2020

In skin containing hair follicles, specialized epithelial structures known as “touch domes (TDs)” are located where the Merkel cells are clustered. We explored the histogenetic relationship between intraepidermal and dermal Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) and investigated which transformed progenitor cells can develop into intraepidermal MCC. We encountered an association between an extremely rare case of dermal and intraepidermal MCC with squamous cell carcinoma, which was examined using standard immunohistochemical methods with various epithelial, neuroendocrine, and TD markers including several immunohistochemical markers. Differential expression levels of CK20 and CD56 were found between intraepidermal and dermal MCCs, indicating molecularly distinct MCC populations. CK15 and CK17, expressed in TDs, were partially expressed in the intraepidermal neuroendocrine component at the tumor periphery in intraepidermal MCC with squamous cell carcinoma. These differences may suggest that the origin of dermal and intraepidermal MCCs is different under pathological conditions. We hypothesize that intraepidermal MCC is derived from tissue-specific stem cells localized within TDs.
The Effectiveness of Workshop and Multimedia Training Methods on the Nurses’ Decision-Making Skills Regarding Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Dehghan-Nayeri Nahid , Vasli Parvaneh , Seylani Khatereh , Fallahi Samira , Rahimaghaee Flora , Kazemnejad Anoushirvan
Published: January 2020

Background

Nurses can safely and effectively wean patients from mechanical ventilation (MV) by the use of proper instruments and planning.

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 2 training methods on the decision-making skill of intensive critical care (ICU) nurses with regard to weaning from MV.

Methods

In this quasi-experimental study, 80 nurses working in ICUs participated in 1 of 2 educational groups in 2016. The interventions were workshop and multimedia training for decision-making skill regarding weaning from MV. The data were gathered from a questionnaire based on the Burns Weaning Assessment Program tool before and 1 month after the intervention. Data were analyzed by independent t test, the χ2 test, and the Fisher exact test using the software SPSS v. 17.

Results

The decision-making skill with regard to awareness of weaning factors (physiological and respiratory) increased in both groups after the intervention (P ≤ .001), but the difference between the 2 groups was not statistically meaningful. Considering the mean scores before and after the intervention, the general skill of decision-making regarding weaning from MV was higher in the multimedia training group compared with the workshop training group (P ≤ .001).

Conclusion

The multimedia training method, which has been more successful, is recommended owing to its characteristics of virtual education, such as accessibility, flexibility, learner centeredness, and expansibility, as well as nurses' lack of time.
Upfront Treatment Influences the Composition of Genetic Alterations in Relapsed Pediatric B‐Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Yu Jiangyan , Waanders Esmé , van Reijmersdal Simon V. , Antić Željko , van Bosbeek Charlotte M. , Sonneveld Edwin , de Groot Hester , Fiocco Marta , van Kessel Ad Geurts , van Leeuwen Frank N. , Pieters Rob , Hoogerbrugge Peter M. , Kuiper Roland P.
Published: January 2020

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ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL RESULTS OF INTRAVITREAL AFLIBERCEPT MONOTHERAPY FOR TYPE 1 RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
Authors: Chen Yen-Ting , Liu Laura , Lai Chi-Chun , Chen Kuan-Jen , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Wu Wei-Chi
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity 1 year after the intravitreal injection of aflibercept (IVA).

Methods:

This prospective cohort study enrolled Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity patients who had been treated with IVA as first-line therapy from July 1, 2015, to June 30, 2017. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year after injection. The primary outcomes were retinopathy of prematurity regression, progression, reactivation, and the occurrence of associated complications after the use of IVA. The secondary outcomes were visual acuity and refractive error at 1 year after IVA.

Results:

Seventeen eyes of nine patients were enrolled in our study. A single IVA injection resulted in resolution in 15 eyes (88.2%), whereas 2 eyes (11.8%) needed retreatment. The mean Snellen visual acuity and refractive error were 6/13 ± 0.34 and −1.94 ± 2.97 D, respectively. No major ocular complications or systemic adverse effects were noted during the follow-up period, except one patient (11%) passed away at the age of 14 months due to a pulmonary infection.

Conclusion:

Aflibercept is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity; it is a potential treatment option as it achieves good anatomical, visual, and refractive outcomes.