bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient removal of phosphorus and nitrogen in sediments of the eutrophic Stockholm Archipelago, Baltic Sea
Authors: van Helmond Niels A. G. M. , Robertson Elizabeth K. , Conley Daniel J. , Hermans Martijn , Humborg Christoph , Kubeneck L. Joëlle , Lenstra Wytze K. , Slomp Caroline P.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Coastal systems can act as filters for anthropogenic nutrient input into marine environments. Here, we assess the processes controlling the removal of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) for four sites in the eutrophic Stockholm Archipelago. Bottom water concentrations of oxygen and P are inversely correlated. This is attributed to the seasonal release of P from iron (Fe)-oxide-bound P in surface sediments and from degrading organic matter. The abundant presence of sulfide in the pore water, linked to prior deposition of organic-rich sediments in a low oxygen setting (legacy of hypoxia), hinders the formation of a larger Fe-oxide-bound P pool in winter. Burial rates of P are high at all sites (0.03–0.3 mol m−2 y−1), a combined result of high sedimentation rates (0.5 to 3.5 cm yr−1) and high sedimentary P at depth (~ 30 to 50 μmol g−1). Organic P accounts for 30–50 % of reactive P burial. Apart from one site in the inner archipelago, where a vivianite-type Fe(II)-P mineral is likely present at depth, there is little evidence for sink-switching of organic or Fe-oxide bound P to authigenic P minerals. Denitrification is the major benthic nitrate-reducing process at all sites (0.09 to 1.7 mmol m−2 d−1), efficiently removing N as N2. Denitrification rates decrease seaward following the decline in bottom water nitrate and sediment organic carbon. Our results explain how sediments in this eutrophic coastal system can efficiently remove land-derived P and N, regardless of whether the bottom waters are oxic or frequently hypoxic. Hence, management strategies involving artificial reoxygenation are not expected to be successful in removing P and N, emphasizing a need for a focus on nutrient load reductions.
Phytoplankton productivity and rapid trophic transfer to
microzooplankton stimulated by turbulent nitrate flux in
oligotrophic Kuroshio Current
Authors: Kobari Toru , Honma Taiga , Hasegawa Daisuke , Yoshie Naoki , Tsutumi Eisuke , Matsuno Takeshi , Nagai Takeyoshi , Kanayama Takeru , Karu Fukutaro , Suzuki Koji , Tanaka Takahiro , Guo Xinyu , Kume Gen , Nishina Ayako , Nakamura Hirohiko
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Kuroshio Current has been thought to be biologically unproductive due to oligotrophic conditions and low plankton standing stocks. Nevertheless, major foraging fishes are known to grow and recruit around the Kuroshio Current. While mixing and advection supplying nutrients to the euphotic zone are happened by eddies and meanders but limited at the Kuroshio front, there is a risk that survival of vulnerable life stages is encountered under the low food availability. Here we report that phytoplankton productivity is stimulated by turbulent nitrate flux amplified with the Kuroshio Current and rapidly transferred to microzooplankton through their grazing. Oceanographic observations demonstrate that the Kuroshio Current topographically enhances significant turbulent mixing and nitrate influx to the euphotic zone. Gradual nutrient enrichment experiments show growth rates of phytoplankton and microzooplankton communities stimulated within a range of the turbulent nitrate flux. Dilution experiments imply a significant microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton. We propose that these rapid and systematic trophodynamics enhance invisible biological productivity in the Kuroshio.
A new method for calibrating marine biota living-depth using the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake uplift
Authors: Reid Catherine , Begg John , Mouslopoulou Vasiliki , Oncken Onno , Nicol Andrew , Kufner Sofia-Katerina
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake (South Island, New Zealand) caused widespread complex ground deformation including significant coastal uplift of rocky shorelines. This coastal deformation is used here to develop a new methodology, in which intertidal marine biota have been calibrated against tide-gauge records to quantitatively constrain pre-deformation biota living depths relative to sea level. This living depth is then applied to biologically measured tectonic uplift at three other locations along the Kaikōura coast. We also test how tectonic uplift measured using this calibrated marine biota compares to vertical deformation measured, at the same localities, using instrumental methods [Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and strong motion data], and non-calibrated biological methods. Data show that where biological data is collected by RTK-GNSS in sheltered locations, this new tide-gauge calibration method estimates tectonic uplift with an accuracy of ± ≤ 0.07 m in the vicinity of the tide-gauge, and an overall mean accuracy of ± 0.10 m or 10 % compared to differential LiDAR methods for all locations. Sites exposed to high wave wash, or data collected by tape-measure, are more likely to show higher uplift results. Tectonic uplift estimates derived using predictive tidal charts produce overall higher uplift estimates in comparison to tide-gauge calibrated and instrumental methods, with mean uplift results 0.21 m or 20 % higher than LiDAR results. This low-tech methodology can, however, produce uplift results that are broadly consistent with instrumental methodologies and might be applied with confidence in remote locations where satellite data or local tide-gauge measurements are not available.
Reconstruction of river valley evolution before and after the emplacement of the giant Seymareh rock avalanche (Zagros Mts., Iran)
Authors: Delchiaro Michele , Della Seta Marta , Martino Salvatore , Dehbozorgi Maryam , Nozaem Reza
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Seymareh landslide, detached ∼10 ka from
the northeastern flank of the Kabir-kuh fold (Zagros Mts., Iran), is
recognized worldwide as the largest rock slope failure (44 Gm3) ever
recorded on the exposed Earth surface. Detailed studies have been performed
that have described the landslide mechanism and different scenarios have
been proposed for explaining the induced landscape changes. The purpose of
this study is to provide still missing time constraints on the evolution of
the Seymareh River valley, before and after the emplacement of the Seymareh
landslide, to highlight the role of geomorphic processes both as
predisposing factors and as response to the landslide debris emplacement. We used optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to date lacustrine and
fluvial terrace sediments, whose plano-altimetric distribution has been
correlated to the detectable knickpoints along the Seymareh River
longitudinal profile, allowing the reconstruction of the evolutionary model
of the fluvial valley. We infer that the knickpoint migration along the main
river and the erosion wave propagation upstream through the whole drainage
network caused the stress release and the ultimate failure of the rock mass
involved in the landslide. We estimated that the stress release activated a
mass rock creep (MRC) process with gravity-driven deformation processes
occurring over an elapsed time-to-failure value on the order of 102 kyr. We
estimated also that the Seymareh damming lake persisted for ∼3500 years before starting to empty ∼6.6 ka due to lake
overflow. A sedimentation rate of 10 mm yr−1 was estimated for the
lacustrine deposits, which increased up to 17 mm yr−1 during the early
stage of lake emptying due to the increased sediment yield from the lake
tributaries. We calculated an erosion rate of 1.8 cm yr−1 since the
initiation of dam breaching by the Seymareh River, which propagated through the
drainage system up to the landslide source area. The evolutionary model of the Seymareh River valley can provide the
necessary constraints for future stress–strain numerical modeling of the
landslide slope to reproduce the MRC and demonstrate the possible role of
seismic triggering in prematurely terminating the creep-controlled
time-to-failure pathway for such an extremely large case study.
Experiments on patterns of alluvial cover and bedrock erosion in a meandering channel
Authors: Fernández Roberto , Parker Gary , Stark Colin P.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. In bedrock rivers, erosion by abrasion is driven by sediment particles that
strike bare bedrock while traveling downstream with the flow. If the
sediment particles settle and form an alluvial cover, this mode of erosion
is impeded by the protection offered by the grains themselves. Channel
erosion by abrasion is therefore related to the amount and pattern of
alluvial cover; these are functions of sediment load and hydraulic
conditions, which in turn are functions of channel geometry, slope, and
sinuosity. This study presents the results of alluvial cover experiments
conducted in a meandering channel flume of high fixed sinuosity. Maps of
quasi-instantaneous alluvial cover were generated from time-lapse imaging of
flows under a range of below-capacity bedload conditions. These maps were
used to infer patterns of particle impact frequency and likely abrasion
rates. Results from eight such experiments suggest the following: (i) abrasion
through sediment particle impacts is driven by fluctuations in alluvial
cover due to the movement of freely migrating bars; (ii) patterns of
potential erosion are functions of sediment load and local curvature; (iii) low sediment supply ratios are associated with regions of potential erosion
located closer to the inner bank, but this region moves toward the outer
bank as sediment supply increases; and (iv) the threads of high erosion
rates are located at the toe of the alluvial bars, just where the alluvial
cover reaches an optimum for abrasion.
Isolation of quartz for cosmogenic in situ 14C analysis
Authors: Nichols Keir A. , Goehring Brent M.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Froth flotation is a commonly used procedure for
separating feldspars and micas from quartz for the preparation of quartz
mineral separates to carry out cosmogenic nuclide analysis. Whilst
extracting carbon from quartz we observed in situ carbon-14 (14C)
concentrations which were anomalously high and in excess of theoretical
geological maximum concentrations. Further etching of sample material
reduced carbon yields and 14C concentrations, yet the latter remained
unrealistically high. When quartz from the original whole rock sample was
isolated in our laboratory, we observed even lower carbon yields and
geologically plausible in situ 14C concentrations. After ruling out
unlikely geological scenarios and systematic measurement issues, we decided
to investigate the quartz isolation procedure as a potential source of
14C contamination. We hypothesised that laurylamine (dodecylamine), an
organic compound used as part of the froth flotation procedure, elevates
14C concentrations if residual laurylamine is present. We demonstrate
that laurylamine has a 14C modern carbon source and thus has the
potential to influence in situ 14C measurements if present in minute
but measurable quantities. Furthermore, we show that insufficient sample
etching results in contaminant 14C persisting through the step heating of
quartz that is subsequently collected with the in situ component released at
1100 ∘C. We demonstrate that froth flotation contaminates in situ
14C measurements. We provide guidelines for the preparation of quartz
based on methods developed in our laboratory and demonstrate that all froth-flotation-derived carbon and 14C is removed when applied. We recommend
that the procedures presented be used at a minimum when using froth
flotation to isolate quartz for in situ 14C measurements.
On the validation of K index values at Italian geomagnetic observatories
Authors: Regi Mauro , Bagiacchi Paolo , Di Mauro Domenico , Lepidi Stefania , Cafarella Lili
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Local K index and the consequent global Kp index are well established three-hour range indices used to characterize the geomagnetic activity. K index is one of the parameters which INTERMAGNET observatories can provide and it’s widely used since several decades, although many other activity indices have been proposed in the meanwhile. The method for determining the K values should be the same for all observatories; so INTERMAGNET consortium recommends a software code, KASM designed for an automatic calculation of K index according to the Adaptive Smoothed method. K values should be independent on the local dynamic response, therefore for their determination each observatory has its own specific scale regulated by the K9 lower limit, which represents the main input parameter for KASM. The determination of an appropriate K9 value for any geomagnetic observatory is then fundamental. In this work we statistically analyze the K values estimated by means of KASM code for the Italian geomagnetic observatories of Duronia (corrected geomagnetic latitude λ ~ 36° N) and Lampedusa (λ ~ 28° N) comparing them with the German observatories of Wingst and Niemegk. Our comparative analysis is finalized to establish the best estimation of the K9 lower limit for these two stations. A comparison of K9 lower limits found for the Italian observatories with results from a previous empirical method was also applied and used to verify the consistency and reliability of our outcomes.
Development of turbulent scheme in the FLEXPART-AROME v1.2.1 Lagrangian particle dispersion model
Authors: Verreyken Bert , Brioude Jérome , Evan Stéphanie
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model FLEXPART, first released in 1998, is a Lagrangian particle dispersion model developed to simulate atmospheric transport over large and mesoscale distances. Due to FLEXPART's success and its open source nature, different limited area model versions of FLEXPART were released making it possible to run FLEXPART simulations by ingesting WRF (Weather Research Forecasting model), COSMO (Consortium for Small-scale Modeling) or MM5 (mesoscale community model maintained by Penn State university) meteorological fields on top of the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) and GFS (Global Forecast System) meteorological fields. Here, we present a new FLEXPART limited area model that is compatible with the AROME mesoscale meteorological forecast model (the Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale model).1 FLEXPART-AROME was originally developed to study mesoscale transport around La Réunion, a small volcanic island in the southwest Indian Ocean with a complex orographic structure, which is not well represented in current global operational models.
We present new turbulent modes in FLEXPART-AROME. They differ from each other by dimensionality, mixing length parameterization, turbulent transport constraint interpretation and time step configuration. A novel time step was introduced in FLEXPART-AROME. Performances of new turbulent modes are compared to the ones in FLEXPART-WRF by testing the conservation of well-mixedness by turbulence, the dispersion of a point release at the surface and the marine boundary layer evolution around Réunion. The novel time step configuration proved necessary to conserve the well-mixedness in the new turbulent modes. An adaptive vertical turbulence time step was implemented, allowing the model to adapt on a finer timescale when significant changes in the local turbulent state of the atmosphere occur.
Risks and opportunities for a Swiss hydropower company in a
changing climate
Authors: Hakala Kirsti , Addor Nans , Gobbe Thibault , Ruffieux Johann , Seibert Jan
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Anticipating and adapting to climate change impacts on water resources requires a detailed understanding of future hydroclimatic changes and of stakeholders' vulnerability to these changes. However, climate change impact studies are often conducted at a spatial scale that is too coarse to capture the specificity of individual catchments, and more importantly, the changes they focus on are not necessarily the changes most critical to stakeholders. While recent studies have combined hydrological and electricity market modeling, they tend to aggregate all climate impacts by focusing solely on reservoir profitability, and thereby provide limited insights into climate change adaptation. Here, we collaborated with Groupe E, a hydropower company operating several reservoirs in the Swiss pre-Alps and worked with them to produce hydroclimatic projections tailored to support their upcoming water concession negotiations. We started by identifying the vulnerabilities of their activities to climate change and then together chose streamflow and energy indices to characterize the associated risks. We provided Groupe E with figures showing the projected climate change impacts, which were refined over several meetings. The selected indices enabled us to simultaneously assess a variety of impacts induced by changes on i) the seasonal water volume distribution, ii) low flows, iii) high flows, and iv) energy demand. We were hence able to identify key opportunities (e.g., the future increase of reservoir inflow in winter, when electricity prices are historically high) and risks (e.g., the expected increase of consecutive days of low flows in summer and fall, which is likely to make it more difficult to meet residual flow requirements). This study highlights that the hydrological opportunities and risks associated with reservoir management in a changing climate depend on a range of factors beyond those covered by traditional impact studies. We also illustrate the importance of identifying stakeholder needs and using them to inform the production of climate impact projections. Our user-centered approach is transferable to other impact modeling studies, in the field of water resources and beyond.
Environmental controls on surf zone injuries on high-energy beaches
Authors: Castelle Bruno , Scott Tim , Brander Rob , McCarroll Jak , Robinet Arthur , Tellier Eric , de Korte Elias , Simonnet Bruno , Salmi Louis-Rachid
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The two primary causes of surf zone injuries (SZIs)
worldwide, including fatal drowning and severe spinal injuries, are rip
currents (rips) and shore-break waves. SZIs also result from surfing and
bodyboarding activity. In this paper we address the primary environmental
controls on SZIs along the high-energy meso–macro-tidal surf beach coast of
southwestern France. A total of 2523 SZIs recorded by lifeguards over 186 sample days
during the summers of 2007, 2009 and 2015 were combined with measured and/or
hindcast weather, wave, tide, and beach morphology data. All SZIs occurred
disproportionately on warm sunny days with low wind, likely because of
increased beachgoer numbers and hazard exposure. Relationships were
strongest for shore-break- and rip-related SZIs and weakest for surfing-related SZIs, the latter being also unaffected by tidal stage or range.
Therefore, the analysis focused on bathers. More shore-break-related SZIs
occur during shore-normal incident waves with average to below-average wave
height (significant wave height, Hs = 0.75–1.5 m) and around higher water
levels and large tide ranges when waves break on the steepest section of the
beach. In contrast, more rip-related drownings occur near neap low tide,
coinciding with maximised channel rip flow activity, under shore-normal
incident waves with Hs >1.25 m and mean wave periods longer
than 5 s. Additional drowning incidents occurred at spring high tide,
presumably due to small-scale swash rips. The composite wave and tide
parameters proposed by Scott et al. (2014) are key controlling factors
determining SZI occurrence, although the risk ranges are not necessarily
transferable to all sites. Summer beach and surf zone morphology is interannually highly
variable, which is critical to SZI patterns. The upper beach
slope can vary from 0.06 to 0.18 between summers, resulting in low and high
shore-break-related SZIs, respectively. Summers with coast-wide highly
(weakly) developed rip channels also result in widespread (scarce) rip-related drowning incidents. With life risk defined in terms of the number of
people exposed to life threatening hazards at a beach, the ability of
morphodynamic models to simulate primary beach morphology characteristics a
few weeks or months in advance is therefore of paramount importance for predicting
the primary surf zone life risks along this coast.
Effects of coupled hydro-mechanical model considering two-phase
fluid flow on potential for shallow landslides: a case study in
Halmidang Mountain, Yongin, South Korea
Authors: Kang Sinhang , Kim Byungmin
Published: October 2019

Abstract. More than 30 shallow landslides were caused by heavy rainfall that occurred on July 26 and 27, 2011, in Halmidang Mountain, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. To precisely analyze shallow landslides and to reflect the mechanism of fluid flow in void spaces of soils, we apply a fully coupled hydro-mechanical model considering two-phase fluid flow of water and air. The available GIS-based topographic data, geotechnical and hydrological properties, and historical rainfall data are used for infiltration and slope stability analyses. Changes in pore air and water pressures and saturations of air and water are obtained from the infiltration analysis, which were used to calculate the safety factor for slope stability assessment. By comparing the results from numerical models by applying a single-phase flow model and a fully coupled model, we investigate the effects of air flow and variations in hydraulic conductivity affected by stress–strain behavior of soil on slope stability. Our results suggest that air flow and hydro-mechanical coupling affects the rate of increase in pore water pressure, thus influencing the safety factor on slopes when ponding is more likely to occur during heavy rainfall. Finally, we conduct slope failure assessments using the fully coupled model, slightly more consistent with actual landslide events than the single-phase flow model.
The Pelagic In situ Observation System (PELAGIOS) to reveal biodiversity, behavior, and ecology of elusive oceanic fauna
Authors: Hoving Henk-Jan , Christiansen Svenja , Fabrizius Eduard , Hauss Helena , Kiko Rainer , Linke Peter , Neitzel Philipp , Piatkowski Uwe , Körtzinger Arne
Published: October 2019

Abstract. There is a need for cost-efficient tools to explore deep-ocean ecosystems to
collect baseline biological observations on pelagic fauna (zooplankton and
nekton) and establish the vertical ecological zonation in the deep sea. The
Pelagic In situ Observation System (PELAGIOS) is a 3000 m rated slowly (0.5 m s−1) towed camera system with LED illumination, an integrated oceanographic
sensor set (CTD-O2) and telemetry allowing for online data acquisition
and video inspection (low definition). The high-definition video is stored
on the camera and later annotated using software and related to
concomitantly recorded environmental data. The PELAGIOS is particularly
suitable for open-ocean observations of gelatinous fauna, which is
notoriously under-sampled by nets and/or destroyed by fixatives. In addition
to counts, diversity, and distribution data as a function of depth and
environmental conditions (T, S, O2), in situ observations of behavior,
orientation, and species interactions are collected. Here, we present an
overview of the technical setup of the PELAGIOS as well as example
observations and analyses from the eastern tropical North Atlantic.
Comparisons to data from the Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) net sampling and data from the Underwater Vision
Profiler (UVP) are provided and discussed.
Chinese Translation of Modal Verb Shall in Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure
Authors: Wu Bian
Published: October 2019

Modal verbs are a type of verbs which express meanings such as volition, ability, possibility, necessity, etc. In Shakespeare’s plays, modal verbs are characterized by their large numbers and rich meanings, with some of their meanings different from their present-day English descendants. For instance, shall has the meaning “order to”, besides “intend to”, “ought to”, “be to”. This paper focuses on the differences among the Chinese translations of SHALL in Measure for Measure, by Zhu Shenghao, Liang Shiqiu, Fang Ping, Ying Ruocheng, and Peng Jingxi, its aim being to find out SHALL’s exact meanings and appropriate ways to render them in Chinese. The result shows that SHALL in Measure for Measure appears 86 times with 4 different meanings, which are “intend to”, “ought to”, “order to”, “be to”. Liang Shiqiu and Peng Jingxi tended to adopt formal equivalence in their translations, and Zhu Shenghao, Fang Ping and Ying Ruocheng tended to adopt functional equivalence in their translations.
Introducción a OpenKet
Authors: Sánchez Villanueva Javier
Published: October 2019

Este es un manual introductorio a la librería de Python OpenKet. Esta librería es una herramienta para la manipulación de objetos en mecánica cuántica, tales como vectores en la notación de Dirac, operadores etc. Es un software libre bajo la licencia de GNUGPL v3, y utiliza otras librerías de software libre, tal como, Sympy, Pylab y Scipy. El proyecto comenzó a finales del 2009 con Vicente Rodríguez, bajo la supervisión de Pablo Barberis-Bolstein, como parte del requisito para su graduación. El Dr. Barberis-Bolstein profesor en el Instituto de Matemática Aplicada de la UNAM, quien estuvo en nuestro país para el CURCCAF en el 2011. Para el uso de OpenKet también se necesitará tener algún conocimiento en Python. OpenKet puede manipular expresiones que contengan objetos como: Kets (vectores), Bras (vectores duales), operadores, operadores adjuntos, operadores de ascenso y descenso, y puede realizar diversas operaciones como: sumar, restar, multiplicar por escalares, obtener el conjunto Hermitiano, aplicar operadores, realizar producto interior, producto exterior, producto tensorial, obtener la representación matricial de un operador, entre otras funciones. OpenKet todavía se encuentra en sus primeros pasos, y por lo tanto tiene un montón de agujeros. Consecuentemente está en pleno desarrollo.
Simulación numérica del péndulo de Foucault con Octave
Authors: Reyes Marco , Pineda Nestor
Published: October 2019

Se realiza una revisión del péndulo de Foucault, considerando la programación numérica, el estudio de muchos problemas que surgen en la mecánica clásica se pueden enfocar de forma natural utilizando herramientas computacionales, y el problema del péndulo de Foucault es un ejemplo de esto. El péndulo de Foucault es básicamente un péndulo simple considerando que esta ubicado en un marco de referencia no inercial. Al tomar en cuenta la rotación de la tierra, el péndulo realiza un movimiento leve de precesión, este movimiento lo podemos predecir al formular y resolver las ecuaciones dinámicas asociadas al péndulo, se deducen estas ecuaciones a partir de la segunda ley de Newton considerando la pseudo fuerza que surge al incluir la rotación de Tierra. Para resolver las ecuaciones diferenciales acopladas del péndulo de Foucault, se utilizan los algoritmos de Euler-Cromer, Runge Kutta de segundo orden y Runge Kutta de orden cuatro, con todos estos algoritmos los resultados son similares, al graficar la trayectoria del péndulo en coordenadas polares, se observan trayectorias cerradas caracterı́sticas del movimiento de precesión.
Cálculo de potenciales electrostáticos en geometrı́as cilı́ndricas con Monte Carlo
Authors: Reyes Marco
Published: October 2019

En los cursos de Licenciatura en ciencias e ingenierı́a usualmente no se estudian problemas donde el potencial eléctrico tiene la siguiente forma funcional φ = φ(ρ, z ), la parte matemática puede volverse complicada en este tipo de problemas, pero desde un punto de vista numérico hay varias técnicas, relativamente fáciles de implementar, en este trabajo se utiliza Monte Carlo para abordar el cálculo de los potenciales eléctricos en geometrias cilı́ndricas con independencia de φ. Se resuelve la ecuación de Laplace y la de Poisson, para dos problemas con soluciones conocidas, para validar la solución numérica con la exacta, los resultados son muy buenos. Las soluciones son muy parecidas, y ası́ el método se puede aplicar a problemas mas complejos que tengan este tipo de simetrı́as pero que no tienen solución exacta. La principal limitante del método presentado es que el cálculo del potencial se tiene que hacer en un punto a la vez.
Reseña Histórica del Departamento de Física de la UNAH
Authors: Galo Roldan Alejandro
Published: October 2019

En el presente trabajo se da una descripción histórica de la Fisica en Honduras y su desarrollo en su principal nicho de acción que es la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras.Se usan como recursos bibliográficos varios Informes de los años 60 y principios de los años 70 del siglo pasado elaborados por el Centro Universitario de Estudios Generales de la UNAH aunque buena parte de la información sobre todo la correspondiente a los años 80, 90 y el presente siglo son responsabilidad directa del autor.
Subjective Norms and Intention- A Study of Crowdfunding in India
Authors: Baber Hasnan
Published: October 2019

The study is aimed to explore the factors of subjective norms and their influence on shaping the intention of people to participate in crowdfunding. Data was collected from 155 respondents who have been involved in one or many crowdfunding campaigns as a contributor or fundraiser. Data was analyzed using various statistical tools like data reliability test, factor analysis, correlation, and regression. It was found that intention to participate in crowdfunding is shaped by the influence of family and friends and people have high motivation to comply with the approval of these reference groups. Influence of other reference groups like a supervisor, teacher, neighbor, social network friend, etc. has no impact on shaping the intention of people towards crowdfunding. The study will be useful for crowdfunding platforms to understand the influence of referent groups on people regarding crowdfunding participation.
Platelet-rich Blood Derivatives for Tendon Regeneration
Authors: Costa-Almeida Raquel , Babo Pedro S. , Reis Rui L. , Gomes Manuela E.
Published: October 2019

Tendon injuries constitute a significant healthcare problem with variable clinical outcomes. The complex interplay of tissue homeostasis, degeneration, repair, and regeneration makes the development of successful delivery therapeutic strategies challenging. Platelet-rich hemoderivatives, a source of supra-physiologic concentrations of human therapeutic factors, are a promising application to treat tendon injuries from the perspective of tendon tissue engineering, although the outcomes remain controversial.
Strategy Execution: One Size Does Not Fit All: Evidence from Italian Middle Market
Authors: Vernizzi Silvia , Beretta Zanoni Andrea , Zuccolotto Claudio
Published: October 2019

Despite several studies highlighting the gap between strategy formulation and strategy implementation, strategy execution continues to be considered one of the greatest challenges in strategic management. Beginning from this premise, the present study explores how the gap between strategy formulation and implementation is perceived by middle-sized Italian companies. The basic idea of this study is to verify whether the difficulties that are widely reported in the strategic literature and empirical research of translating strategy into practice also arise in the context of Italian firms, and to examine which are the greatest barriers to successful strategy implementation. To address the research aims, we conduct a survey analysis of 544 middle-sized firms located in Northeast Italy. The findings of the analysis highlight how the main sources of the gap between strategy formulation and execution can be traced to two main factors: the processes through which the implementation step is conducted and the competences and skills necessary to effectively achieve the execution results.

This paper contributes to the existing literature by conducting empirical research on the relevance of strategy execution in the Italian context. The study also has practical implications through its demonstration of the importance of some managerial tools that are highly useful in effective strategy execution.
Catharsis: een vergeten functie van financiële verantwoording
Authors: Keulen Sjoerd , Kroeze Ronald
Published: October 2019

Catharsis in accountability

Performance Budgeting has been introduced to gain greater managerial control over the outcomes and efficiency of policies and their budgets. Strikingly, a growing body of literature has explained that politicians hardly use performance information or only to emotionally judge government performance. We, however, propose understanding the emotional use of performance information as catharsis. Catharsis is the ritual of emotional and moral judging to understand and initiate improvement. Catharsis has been named as an important function of accountability, but has not been researched in the field of Public Administration. We discuss the concept of catharsis in relation to accountability and show that, by using evidence from its role in Dutch parliament, the use of ‘cathartic emotions’ are omnipresent in financial debates, especially when parliamentary enquiries and annual budgets are debated. Based on these findings catharsis should be understood as a much more serious function of accountability by both academics and public officials.
Positieve beleidsevaluatie: hoe evaluatieonderzoek kan bijdragen aan beter beleid
Authors: van der Knaap Peter , Turksema Rudi
Published: October 2019

Positive policy evaluation: how evaluations can actually contribute to better policy making

New insights from the field of positive psychology led to the insight that people learn more effectively from positive feedback. Policy evaluation aims to improve public policy programmes through contributing to both accountability and learning. This ambiguous ambition has contributed to a considerable body of research into the impact of policy evaluation. Too often the conclusion is that the outcomes of policy evaluations – which are often negative by nature – are sparsely used by policy makers. This has led to series of improvements in the way we carry out evaluations. First through technical improvements and then by more responsive approaches. Both have not led to the desired breakthrough. Building on a number of positive evaluation studies, we advance a more positive approach in policy evaluation. Focussing on the successes in policy programmes rather than on its failures may contribute to evaluation impact. Consequently, we think a more positive, appreciative approach and using data to find success in policy making is necessary for policy evaluators to be more effective. This article presents practical examples of positive policy evaluations and successful use of data in the domain of policy evaluation.
Paradox van het Pact van de Waard
Authors: Rutgers-Zoet Janneke , Metze Tamara
Published: October 2019

[The Paradox of the Pact van de Waard: dynamic collaboration in a shrinking-region

In several regions in the Netherlands there are declining population numbers. In those regions, administrators, companies and societal organisations often start regional collaborations in order to anticipate population decline and maintain a good quality of life. This is a logical step, but in practice the collaborating partners face challenges. For this article we analysed over a period of eight years the dynamics of cooperation in the Hoeksche Waard, a region in the province of South Holland that is dealing with a decrease in the number of inhabitants. On the basis of the regime model (Stone 1989), and by conducting qualitative research, in this exploratory study we discerned a paradox of regional cooperation in this ‘shrinking’ region: a decline of population numbers is the reason to initiate informal cooperation in networks, but the complexity of the regional agenda leads to the desire for formalisation of the collaborations in formal decision making structures. This formalisation, in its turn, leads to less commitment from the parties and makes cooperation and achieving results difficult, which increases the need for informalisation.
Nietigheid van de overeenkomst met het Land Curaçao wegens het contracteren met een vertegenwoordigingsonbevoegde overheidsfunctionaris
Authors: Snel M.V.R.
Published: October 2019

Nietigheid van de overeenkomst met het Land Curaçao wegens het contracteren met een vertegenwoordigingsonbevoegde overheidsfunctionaris

Ter behartiging van het algemeen belang bedient de Curaçaose overheid zich behalve van het publiekrecht ook van het privaatrecht. Wanneer het daartoe overgaat, zijn op dat handelen zowel privaat- als publiekrechtelijke normen van toepassing. Zodoende kan de geldigheid van met de overheid gesloten contracten ter discussie komen te staan op basis van de in het privaatrecht verankerde wilsgebreken (art. 3:44 en 6:228 BW) of de figuur van strijd met de wet, goede zeden of openbare orde (art. 3:40 BW), maar ook op basis van bijzondere publiekrechtelijke normen.
Definindo indicadores de desempenho em projetos: uma análise qualitativa da literatura
Authors: Andrade de Souza Neto Rômulo , Dias Gabriela Figueiredo , Medeiros Marlene , Dantas Aline Soares , Sousa Neto Manoel Veras de
Published: October 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um processo para definir os indicadores de desempenho de projetos. A justificativa da pesquisa consiste na dificuldade apontada pelos times de projetos em definir indicadores de desempenho e na escassez de estudos que os orientem quanto aos procedimentos que devem ser realizados. A metodologia adotada para desenvolver o processo foi a Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL), efetivada nas bases Science Direct, Scopus e Web of Science (WOS). Com base na revisão, foram selecionados quinze artigos que descrevem o passo-a-passo realizado para definir indicadores em projetos reais. Os artigos foram examinados por análise de conteúdo, codificando os procedimentos de definição descritos. O processo proposto nos resultados é composto por cinco atividades: (1) analisar informações estratégicas, (2) mapear os possíveis indicadores do projeto, (3) adotar estratégias de seleção dos indicadores mapeados, (4) filtrar e (5) validar os indicadores selecionados. A pesquisa contribui para a ampliação do uso de indicadores em projetos e para a melhoria da compreensão do tema.
Detoxification of Deoxynivalenol by 60Co γ-ray Irradiation and Toxicity Analyses of Radiolysis Products
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Guan Erqi , Bian Ke
Published: October 2019

Background: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecene that occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat, maize, and barley and has been implicated in incidents of mycotoxicoses in both humans and farm animals. Objective: In the present study, we chose 60Co
γ-ray irradiation to degrade DON. Methods: First, the degradation effect of irradiation on DON was analyzed. Second, the toxicity analyses of radiolysis products were studied by oral gavage. Results: The results indicated that 60Co γ-ray irradiation had
significant degradation effect on pure DON: when 20 kGy γ-ray irradiation was used for 2 μg/mL DON in acetonitrile–water, the degradation efficiency of DON was 83%, and 2 μg/mL DON in ultra-pure water was completely degraded after 5 kGy γ-ray irradiation. The concentration
of 200 μg/mL DON in ultra-pure water had significant toxicity to mice: decreased body weight gain and feed consumption as well as pathological changes in liver and kidney were observed compared with the control group. Conclusions: No significant toxicity was observed in mice that
were given these degraded solutions treated by γ-ray irradiation, which indicated that the toxicity of radiolysis products in ultra-pure water had significantly decreased after treatment by γ-ray irradiation. Highlights: This research offered some reference to detoxify DON
in cereal grains.
Leiautes Dinâmicos para Documentos Multimídia Baseados em Templates
Authors: Amorim Glauco Fiorott , Muchaluat-Saade Débora Christina
Published: October 2019

Template-based languages can be used for arranging interface components in a layout model, like a grid. Declarative multimedia authoring languages, such as NCL (Nested Context Language), may use those templates for decreasing the authoring effort while specifying a presentation spatial layout. Although layout models are helpful for specifying presentation characteristics for media items, they usually do not consider the case where changes may happen at runtime. Moreover, presentations may lose tidiness when displayed on a device different then the one it was designed for or due to the viewer context or even due to viewer interaction. This thesis proposes STyLe, a template language for dynamic spatial layout. STyLe is a constraint-based template language for providing dynamic and adaptive spatial layouts for hypermedia documents. It also presents a framework capable of interpreting this language and performing the necessary changes in order to dynamically update NCL media object presentation characteristics at runtime.
Evaluating User Experience Elements on a Web System to Support Physiotherapeutic Treatment
Authors: Silvério Miriéle dos Santos , Santos Luciana Brasil Rebelo dos
Published: October 2019

The trend of process automation has revealed the need of research to include different profile of people to the digital solutions in progress. Therefore, this article is the result of applying aspects of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) theoretical reference on the developed information system, directed to a physiotherapy clinics. Based on the study of the operation in a specific clinic, we built a web platform that allows the practice of common activities, which used to be done on paper. Hence, the system was evaluated in the production environment to provide the fault finding, referred to the software usability principles, through the user experience. In all, 4 patients and 2 clinic staff participated in the experiment.
Desenvolvimento de uma Ferramenta para Auxílio ao Diagnóstico de Catarata em Telemedicina
Authors: Husemann Ronaldo , Negreiros Marcelo , Tomaggi Henrique , Araujo Aline Lutz , Roesler Valter
Published: October 2019

The use of videoconferencing technology for health systems has the potential to increase the number of patients treated while decreasing cost and allowing distributed local consultation facilities close to the target communities, minimizing the need for transportation and minimizing waiting times. One such initiative is the Teleoftalmo-RS videocolaboration program where ophthalmologic consultations are performed. In this paper, the development of an auxiliary tool to help expedite the diagnosis of cataracts in such a system is presented. This work is also part of the ongoing RNP and Microsoft Challenge: Artificial Intelligence R&D.
Authoring sensory effects in NCL
Authors: Barreto Fábio , Abreu Raphael S. , Santos Joel A. F. dos , Muchaluat-Saade Debora C.
Published: October 2019

This work proposes an extension of NCL to provide multiple sensory effects, allowing its use for the creation of new immersive physical environments. Our contribution is to propose a new element that represents sensory effects at a high level of abstraction in a way that facilitates authoring in NCL.
Immersive audio properties for NCL media elements
Authors: Diniz Rafael , Moreno Marcelo F.
Published: October 2019

With the introduction of immersive audio formats like MPEG-H and Dolby AC-4, TV terminals may allow end users to configure their experience by changing values of audio parameters directly or indirectly (audio profiles) via some kind of configuration user interface. In order to support more dynamic user interfaces for this kind of interactive audio setup, DTV apps should be able to manipulate such parameters as well. This contribution proposes the addition of immersive audio properties to media elements in NCL applications.
Development of Cyber-Physical Security Testbed Based on IEC 61850 Architecture
Authors: Blazek Petr , Fujdiak Radek , Mlynek Petr , Misurec Jiri
Published: October 2019

The paper focuses on security in industrial control systems. Numerous protocols and their incompatibility are undermining the security design. Also, the IEC 61850 standard focuses on these issues. In detail, it deals with the compatibility between protocols and, partly, security. In the context of this work, a testbed together with the traffic generator for IEC 61850 standard and its three main parts – MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification), GOOSE (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Events), and Sampled Values - are designed. Additionally, the used generator is compared with an example of RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) used in standard ICS (Industrial Control Systems) networks. The last part of this work consists of the performance testing of the implemented protocols (MMS, GOOSE, and Sampled Values).
Přerušovaná spojení. Budování infrastrukturního zázemí v jedné východoslovenské romské osadě
Authors: Kobes Tomáš
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the implementation of the basic infrastructure into the area of an Eastern Slovakian Roma settlement. The infrastructure is conceptualized as an assemblages of material objects, practices and knowledge organizing the existing social relationships, and contributing to the exclusion and marginalization of Roma people. Based on the fieldwork, author discusses the consequences of the infrastructural building (public water supply system, public lighting and electric network) and how do they contribute to the forms of disconnections creating the differences between local majority and people who live in the described Roma settlement.
Kto sa bojí sociálneho konštruktivizmu?
Authors: Alieva Dilbar
Published: October 2019

The paper is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the edition of Berger and Luckmann’s The Social Construction of Reality. It was the occasion to convince about a real impact of this famous book, that was translated into Czech in 1999, on the thinking and the vocabulary of Slovak and Czech sociologists. But after initial interest in this book the sociological public gradually stopped at its formal recognition. However, even those sociologists who expressed interest in the theory of Berger and Luckmann, did not taken it as a theoretical whole, with own particular philosophical program. They are satisfied by choosing from social constructivism some original concepts, that as well as „symbolic universe“ must roofed their own account. It seems, that sociologists are afraid of social constructivism for its epistemological position, which is constant challenge to the realistic approach in sociology. However, these issues may be best resolved through discussions on philosophical and epistemological topics. We note three epistemological positions, each of which was a serious challenge to the idea of social construction. The first is the position of the classical epistemological realism. The second is the principle of philosophical apriorism, which is a prerequisite for any constructivism. The third position is presented by the theory of objectivation. This principle is a component of the social constructivism. We present each of these epistemological principles as one side of an imaginary triangle. The theory of social construction of reality is closed inside this triangle. This theory is the object of the philosophical influence of the three aforementioned teachings. They embody for it the pattern of philosophising, because they state the criteria of its philosophical competence. Therefore our proposed imaginary „epistemological triangle“ was used as a test tool for to ascertain the impact of various philosophical doctrines on ideological profile of social constructivism. The use of this triangle helped us to look deeper into the philosophical foundations of social constructivism and to verify their authenticity. It also helped us to dispel fears of social constructivism and of its allegedly excessive subjectivism.