bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of hospitalized patients with leukemoid reaction; causes, prognosis and value of manual peripheral smear review
Authors: Karakonstantis Stamatis , Koulouridi Mina , Pitsillos Kyriakos , Kalokyri Eirini , Kozyri Anna , Gourniezaki Galateia , Lydakis Charalampos
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Several diagnoses have been associated with leukemoid reaction (LR). In patients with LR the diagnostic and prognostic value of detailed manual blood smear counts (such as the percentage of band cells or grading of neutrophil toxic changes) has not been studied previously.

Methods. We prospectively recorded all hospitalized adult (> 18 years old) patients with LR (≥ 30000/ul) of neutrophilic predominance, excluding patients with pre-existing leukocytosis due to hematological malignancies. We examined the diagnoses and prognosis (in-hospital mortality and post-discharge mortality up to a year after the end of the study) of these patients as well as the value of manual peripheral smear review.

Results. We recorded a total of 93 patients with LR from January 2017 to December 2017. Infection was the most common diagnosis (70%), followed by malignancy (7.5%) and bleeding (6.5%). In-hospital mortality (45%) and post-discharge mortality (35% of those discharged) were very high. Among blood smear findings, only neutrophil vacuolation was significantly more common in patients with infections (34%), although it was also observed in many patients without any infection (13%). Blood smear findings were not associated with prognosis.

Conclusion. Detailed manual smear review is a labor-intensive procedure and it has limited diagnostic and prognostic value in unselected hospitalized patients with neutrophilic LR.
Trade Competition Measurement and the Choice of Measurement Indexes
Authors: Dumitrescu Iulia Monica , Crespo Nuno , Simões Nadia
Published: March 2019

The aim of this paper is to bring a methodological and empirical contribution to the measurement of trade competition. Globalization and the emergence of new poles in the world economy brought changes to the global landscape and consequent increase in international trade. There is a debate in the literature with regard the indexes that are better fit to be applied in empirical examples for the acquirement of relevant results for measurement of trade competition. This measurement will be achieved by observing the levels of structural similarity in distinct areas and at different moments in time. A higher degree of similarity between the export structures implies a stronger competition in destination markets. The values obtained for this measurement are highly relevant for the trade competition topic. Through this study we further explore the measurement of trade competition and comparatively discuss several indexes used in this area of research.
The FDI-Growth Nexus in South Africa: A Re-Examination Using Quantile Regression Approach
Authors: Khobai Hlalefang , Hamman Nicolene , Mkhombo Thando , Mhaka Simba , Mavikela Nomahlubi , Phiri Andrew
Published: March 2019

This study sought to contribute to the growing empirical literature by investigating the effects of FDI on per capita GDP growth for South Africa using time series data collected between 1970 and 2016. Compared to the majority of previous studies, we use quantile regressions which investigates the effects of FDI on economic growth at different distributional quantiles. Puzzling enough, the empirical results show that FDI has a negative influence on welfare at extremely low quantiles whereas at other levels this effect turns insignificant. Contrary, the effects of domestic investment on welfare is positive and significant at all levels. Collectively, these results have important implications for policymakers in South Africa.
Comparative Assessment of the Image Divide and Link Algorithm in Different Color Spaces
Authors: Guada Carely , Gómez Daniel , Rodríguez J. Tinguaro , Montero Javier
Published: March 2019

In this paper, a comparative assessment of the Image Divide and Link Algorithm (ID&L) in different color spaces is presented. This, in order to show the significance of choosing a specific color space when the algorithm computes the dissimilarity measure between adjacent pixels. Specifically, the algorithm procedure is based on treating a digital image as a graph, assigning a weight to each edge based on the dissimilarity measure between adjacent pixels. Then, the algorithm constructs a spanning forest through a Kruskal scheme to order the edges successively while partitions are obtained. This process is driven until all the pixels of the image are segmented, that is, there are as many regions as pixels. The results of the algorithm which have been compared with those generated using different color spaces are shown.
Regularized Coherence Enhancing Filtering
Authors: Stašová Ol’ga , Krivá Zuzana
Published: March 2019

The paper deals with the nonlinear tensor diffusion which yields a coherence improvement. It is very appropriate for images with flow-like structures. Two convolutions are used in the construction of diffusion tensor for such a model, see [Drblíková, O.—Mikula, K.: Convergence analysis of finite volume scheme for nonlinear tensor anisotropic diffusion in image processing, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 46 (2007), 37–60], [Weickert, J.: Coherence-enhancing diffusion filtering, Int. J. Comput. Vis. 31 (1999), 111–127]. In this paper we introduce the third supplemental convolution in order to enhance the diffusion strategy.

First, we briefly present the classical coherence enhancing model and explain our modification. Then the discrete scheme is provided. The core of the paper consists in numerical experiments. Benefits of the additional convolution are discussed and illustrated in the figures.
Computation of Definite Integral Over Repeated Integral
Authors: Tvrdá Katarína , Minárová Mária
Published: March 2019

The tasks involving repeated integral occur from time to time in technical practice. This paper introduces the research of authors in the field of repeated integrals within the required class of functions. Authors focus on the definite integral over repeated integral and they develop a tool for its computation. It involves two principal steps, analytical and numerical step.

In the analytical step, the definite integral over a repeated integral is decomposed into n integrals and then the Cauchy form is used for further rearrangement. Numerical step involves Gauss type integration slightly modified by the authors. Several examples illustrating the operation of both analytical and numerical steps of the method are provided in the paper.
Spatio-temporal Assessment of Land-based Pollutants in Water Resources: Yalova, Turkey
Authors: Baki Oylum Gökkurt
Published: March 2019

The study investigated the water quality characteristics of the spring waters, creeks and lakes in Yalova Province, Turkey. The 12-month study was carried out in 2005 and the same study was repeated in the same stations in 2008. Water samples were collected from 9 stations on a monthly basis. For the determination of the water quality, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen, potassium, total copper, chlorine, sulphate, iron, phosphate, zinc and sulfide analyses were performed. The water quality parameters of the spring waters, creeks and lakes were determined with respect to months and years. The stations that are known to receive wastewater and solid waste inputs were revealed to have high concentrations of water pollution-indicating parameters.
Some Special Properties of Fermented Products with Cabbage Origin: Pickled Cabbage, Sauerkraut and Kimchi
Authors: Özer Ceren , Kalkan Yıldırım Hatice
Published: March 2019

Consumption of fermented products rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity and anti-carcinogenic compounds is growing into a key strategy to fortify antioxidant defense system. Cabbage products produced by lactic-acid fermentation are chosen via their special microbiota. Considering these special medical properties of fermented-cabbage products as pickled cabbage, sauerkraut and kimchi were produced and evaluated. The data demonstrated that pickled cabbage (109.89±4.74 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.) and its brine (208.14±17.29 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.) exhibited the highest vitamin C content, followed by kimchi (77.42±2.87 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.). The highest total phenolic content was detected in kimchi and sauerkraut with 869.64±70.16 and 438.257±25.05 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh weight (f.w.), respectively. 50% of the scavenging effect (EC50) values of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) in kimchi 14.6 mg/ml, followed by sauerkraut (15.52 mg/ml) and pickled cabbage (18.88 mg/ml). Results demonstrated that fermented cabbage products have a great potential with content of bioactive compounds, high antioxidant features promising high beneficial impacts.
Atıştırmalık Et Üretiminde Kurutma Yöntemleri ve Öneriler
Authors: Bodruk Anıl , Köprüalan Özgün , Kaymak-Ertekin Figen
Published: March 2019

Meat with high protein, vitamin and mineral content is processed in different ways because it cannot be consumed fresh. Drying is one of the oldest methods for long-term storage of meat. Dried meat products, called as Jerky are generally produced by drying of the meat after the application of various pretreatments (marination, salting, smoking, etc.). Common methods for drying of the meat are sun drying and conventional hot air drying, which is modelled as shade drying. However, the development of various drying methods to reduce the quality losses as textural, sensorial and physicochemical created by the traditional methods and the use of these techniques in meat drying are becoming widespread nowadays. This review study includes the studies on the drying of various meat groups with traditional and current methods and the recommendations regarding these methods.
PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI ALAT UKUR KUALITAS AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODE NEFELOMETRIK
Authors: Chulkamdi M. Taofik
Published: March 2019

Turbid warter is one of the characteristics of unclean water and unhealthy. Importance of water clarity to humans at this time then designed a device that could measure water quality using a LDR sensor, where the sensor can detect light from a diode light levels. LED penetrating the water, it will be detected water quality. Microcontroller in the system that became controlleris arduino uno. Out of this toolis the percentage rate that water quality will be displayed on the LCD. Testing water quality measuring instrument is using nefelometric. System testing is done by detecting changes in the level of water quality in five sampel of bottled water, drinking water processed two and three wastewater. The results are not clear, the higher the level of water or less clear water, the sensor output voltage is also higher.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI BARANG JASA MENGGUNAKAN C#, WPF, DAN SQL SERVER 2012
Authors: Isman Reza Kamaluddin , Sulistyarini Desi Dyah , Oktivasari Prihatin
Published: March 2019

Barang Jasa is an application that used for Divisi Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa. Barang Jasa serves to record every purchase of goods and services used to meet the needs of both fleet and crew in the long term. Barang Jasa also serves to make the Nota Dinas to be processed by Divisi Keuangan on the purchase of goods and services that have been performed. This application was created by using Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), which is a Microsoft technology to create desktop applications. This application was made using the method protoyping development,C# as a programming language, WPF as a interface design technology, and SQL Server 2012 as the database. WPF can present the appearance that can be tailored to user needs. This study discusses the interface, backend applications, and database design. After testing the flexibility of the interface on the screen with a resolution of 1366 x 768, 1024 x 768 and 1280 x 720, proves that WPF can adjust the screen resolution being tested. The test results showed that the backend of Barang Jasa application are functioning properly, the test is done using sql query by entering the required parameters, for example username and password to log in and match the query returns results with what is displayed by the application.
PEMBUKTIAN UNSUR NIAT DIKAITKAN DENGAN UNSUR MENS REA DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Syukur Kunkun Abdul
Published: March 2019

Untuk dapat mengungkap kesalahan dalam tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan oleh seorang terdakwa yang diajukan ke muka sidang, maka penuntut umum harus untuk dapat membuktikan kesalahan tersebut. sehingga penuntut umum dibebani untuk melakukan pembuktian dimana dengan alat-alat bukti yang diajukan itu membuat terang akan kebenaran suatu tindak pidana yang telah terjadi yang dilakukan oleh terdakwa yang dibawa di muka sidang. Jika unsur niat (kehendak) atau menghendaki dan mengetahui dalam kaitannya dengan unsur kesengajaan tidak dapat dibuktikan dengan jelas secara materiil karena memang maksud dan kehendak seseorang itu sulit untuk dibuktikan secara materiil maka pembuktian adanya unsur kesengajaan dalam pelaku melakukan tindakan korupsi yang melanggar hukum sehingga perbuatannya itu dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kepada si pelaku seringkali hanya dikaitkan dengan keadaan serta tindakan si pelaku pada waktu ia melakukan perbuatan melanggar hukum yang dituduhkan kepadanya tersebut. Unsur actus reus yaitu perbuatan harus didahulukan. Setelah diketahui adanya perbuatan pidana sesuai rumusan undang-undang selanjutnya barulah diselidiki tentang sikap batin pelaku atau unsur mens rea. Dengan demikian maka unsur perbuatan pidana harus didahulukan, selanjutnya apabila terbukti barulah mempertimbangkan tentang kesalahan terdakwa yang merupakan unsur pertanggungjawaban pidana Kata Kunci ; Pembuktian, Unsur Niat, Mens Rea
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM SAKSI DAN KORBAN OLEH LEMBAGA PERLINDUNGAN SAKSI DAN KORBAN (LPSK)
Authors: Komariah Mamay
Published: March 2019

Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2006 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban dibentuk untuk memberikan rasa aman terhadap setiap saksi dan/atau korban dalam memberikan keterangan pada setiap proses peradilan pidana. Penulisan tentang “Perlindungan Hukum Saksi dan Korban Oleh Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban” ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penjelasan secara lebih jelas tentang mekanisme dan kinerja LPSK dalam menjalankan tugas dan wewenangnya. Perlindungan dalam UU No. 13 Tahun 2006 diartikan sebagai segala upaya pemenuhan hak dan pemberian bantuan untuk memberikan rasa aman kepada saksi dan/atau korban yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh LPSK atau lembaga lainnya sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang ini.  Mekanisme pemberian perlindungan terhadap saksi dan korban diatur dalam pasal 28-32 UU No. 13 Tahun 2006 yang mencakup berbagai prosedur dan persayaratan yang harus dipenuhi oleh saksi dan/atau korban untuk bisa mendapatkan perlindungan dari LPSK yang terkadang sulit dilakukan oleh saksi dan/atau korban tersebut. Kinerja LPSK dalam menjalankan tugasnya pun dipandang kurang efektif. Kelemahan Undang-undang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban yaitu, saksi dan/atau korban haruslah mengajukan permohonan kepada LPSK agar mereka bisa mendapatkan perlindungan dari LPSK, disamping mereka juga harus memenuhi persyaratan yang telah ditentukan oleh LPSK. kurangnya informasi bagi masyarakat, sehingga minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat akan kehadiran LPSK ini walaupun telah diundangkannya UU Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban. Kata Kunci : Perlindungan, Saksi dan Korban
MEKANISME PEMILIHAN CALON KEPALA DESA TUNGGAL MENURUT PERATURAN DAERAH KABUPATEN CIAMIS
Authors: Budiaman Hendi
Published: March 2019

Setiap daerah Kabupaten atau Kota terdapat satuan pemerintah desa terendah di bawah pimpinan pemerintahan kabupaten atau kota. Pemerintahan desa itu di pimpin oleh kepala desa yang di pilih melalui proses pemilihan. Kepala  desa  dipilih  melalui  proses  pemilihan  kepala  desa atau  sering  disebut dengan pilkades.Mekanisme Pemilihan Calon Tunggal Kepala Desa Berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah (PERDA) di Kabupaten Ciamis diatur dalam Nomor 7 Tahun 2015 tentang Pemilihan, Pengangkatan, dan Pemberhentian Kepala Desa. Dijelaskan Bahwa jika terdapat Bakal Calon Kepala Desa Tunggal harus dilakukan mekanisme pada beberapa tahap yaitu dalam Pasal 25 ayat (3).Faktor-faktor mempengaruhi terhadap Pemilihan Calon Tunggal Kepala Desa di Kabupaten Ciamis. Secara umum faktor-faktor yang sering muncul adalah dalam hal pendanaan dan adanya rasa psimis yang dimiliki calon lain karena melihat saingannya yang lebih dominan daripada dirinya sehingga akhirnya ada yang disebut Bombong. Namun dalam pemilihan kepala desa Tahun 2016 ini di Kabupaten Ciamis tidak ada Calon Tunggal dalam Pilkades hal ini salah satunya karena dalam Pilkades Serentak Tahun 2016 bahwa biaya pemilihan kepala desa di bebankan pada Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah.Kata Kunci : Pemilihan Kepala Desa Tunggal.
PENTINGNYA KEBERADAAN DPD RI SEBAGAI LEMBAGA PENYEIMBANG DI REPUBLIK INDONESIA
Authors: Darma Mahyu
Published: March 2019

DPD yang merupakan wakil dari daerah mampu menjadi penyeimbang  dalam penguatan sistem parlemen di Indonesia. DPD menjadi forum mediasi aspirasi masyarakat dan daerah serta kepentingan lainnya. Jika dilihat dari ketatanegaraan DPD juga hadir untuk menguatkan sistem parlemen dalam proses legislasi. DPR dan DPD yang bersama-sama menjalankan fungsi-fungsi legislasi, anggaran, dan pengawasan, diharapkan kedua lembaga perwakilan rakyat ini dapat memberikan masukan yang berarti bagi pemerintah sehingga tercipta sinergi antara kepentingan nasional, kepentingan politik rakyat Indonesia dan kepentingan daerah dalam perumusan kebijakan nasional
EFEKTIVITAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 31 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PELINDUNGAN SAKSI DAN KORBAN1
Authors: Mulyadi Dudung
Published: March 2019

Perlindungan hukum merupakan suatu bentuk pelayanan yang wajib diberikan oleh pemerintah, pentingnya perlindungan hukum terhadap setiap anggota masyarakat dibentuk Undang-undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban dan telah dilakukan perubahan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban.  Dalam Undang-undang ini, diatur tentang sebuah lembaga yang bertanggung jawab untuk menangani pemberian perlindungan dan bantuan pada saksi dan korban, yang dinamakan Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban (LPSK) yang bertugas dan berwenang untuk memberikan perlindungan dan bantuan kepada saksi dan korban kewenangan LPSK dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban diperluas. Lingkup perlindungan oleh LPSK adalah pada semua tahap proses peradilan pidana, agar saksi dan/atau korban merasa aman ketika memberikan keterangan atau kesaksian, permohonan pemberian perlindungan dari LPSK dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap serta pemberian perlindungan saksi dan korban oleh LPSK. Penghargaan Perlindungan dalam bentuk penghargaan bagi para Whistleblower dan Justice Collaborator sangat penting keberadaannya bagi upaya menciptakan iklim kondusif bagi pengungkapan tindak pidana korupsi dalam konteks pelibatan masyarakat.  Kata Kunci : Efetivitas, LPSK
INTEGRITAS PENEGAK HUKUM (KEPOLISIAN, KEJAKSAAN, KPK) DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Komariah Mamay
Published: March 2019

Korupsi digolongkan sebagai extra-ordinary crime yang harus diberantas. Pemberantasan korupsi harus selalu dijadikan prioritas agenda pemerintahan untuk ditanggulangi. Dalam penanganannya harus dilakukan oleh beberapa instansi yang mempunyai kewenangan tentang hal itu. Di Indonesia penegak hukum dalam tindak pidana korupsi diantaranya Kepolisian, Kejaksaan dan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) yang telah terformulasi dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 31 tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Jo Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001. Integritas para penegak hukum Kepolisian Kejaksaan dan KPK seharusnya menciptakan keharmonisan karena pada dasarnya ketiga lembaga tersebut telah memiliki kewenangan masing-masing. Ketiga lembaga tersebut masing-masing payung hukum nya adalah Undang-Undang. Meskipun pada kenyataannya KPK sebagai salah satu penegak hukum dalam tindak pidana korupsi akan mengambil alih fungsi dan tugas Kepolisian dan Kejaksaan untuk melakukan penyelidikan,penyidikan dan penuntutan dalam perkara-perkara korupsi tertentu. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam menciptakan integritas penegak hukum yang baik dalam tindak pidana korupsi diantaranya dari faktor hukum yakni adanya peraturan perundang-undangan yang dianggap tumpang tindih sehingga adanya tarik menarik kewenangan, karena dianggap peraturan perundang-undangan bersifat over lapping (tumpang tindih). Kata Kunci : Integritas, Penegak Hukum, Tipikor.
PELAKSANAAN ASURANSI TERHADAP DEBITUR SECARA TANGGUNG RENTENG DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN PASAL 1278 KUH PERDATA
Authors: Yulia Alis
Published: March 2019

Berdasarkan fakta-fakta dan kenyataan-kenyataan yang terjadi di lapangan tentang macam-macam pertanggungan dan tingkat resikonya dalam pelaksanaan asuransi terhadap debitur. Secara tanggung renteng tidak sepenuhnya bisa diterapkan karena terikat dengan perjanjian asuransi hanyalah debitur pertama yang ada dan Surat Pengakuan Hutang, sedangkan pemakai kreditnya sebagai yang menanggung resiko belum tentu sebagai peminjam pertama.
KAJIAN YURIDIS DUALISME KEWARGANEGARAAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR : 12 TAHUN 2006 TENTANG KEWARGANEGARAAN (STUDI PADA KASUS GLORIA NATAPRAJA HAMEL)
Authors: Darusman Yoyon
Published: March 2019

Perkembangan hukum Indonesia khususnya setelah dilakukannya amandeman UUD Tahun 1945 telah terjadi perubahan yang signifikan diberbagai bidang hukum termasuk di bidang hukum kewarganegaraan Indonesia. UU No. 62/1958 tentang Kewarganegaraan adalah UU yang pertama yang mengatur secara komprehensif tentang kewarganegaraan di Indonesia UU ini pada dasarnya telah mengatur berbagai hal yang berhubungan dengan hak dan kewajiban seorang warganegara, termasuk kewarganegaraan yang diakibatkan oleh perkawinan antara suami dan/atau isteri yang salah satunya adalah WNA. Namun UU No. 62/1958 belum memberikan kepastian hukum atas anak-anak Indonesia yang lahir dari akibat perkawinan campuran dimaksud, termasuk di dalamnya kepada Gloria Natapraja Hamel. Akhirnya dengan UU No. 12/2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan, dapat dipastikan suatu perlindungan hukum bagi anak-anak Indonesia sebagai akibat dari perkawinan campuran. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model kualitatif dan sifat penelitian analisis deskrif. Data yang dipergunakan adalah data sekunder yang terdiri bahan hukum dan perundang-undangan, bahan hukum sekunder yang terdiri dari referensi doktrin hukum. Hasilnya bahwa Indonesia adalah negara hukum yang menegaskan bahwa satu-satunya ketentuan yang mengatur tentang kewarganegaraan Indonesia adalah UU No. 12/2006 sebagai hukum positif Indonesia. Sebagai kesimpulannya bahwa UU No. 12/2006 mengatur tentang dwi kewarganegaraan yang bersifat terbatas, anak yang lahir akibat perkawinan antara WNI dan WNA telah diberikan perlindungan serta kepastian hukum, Gloria Natapraja Hamel dinyatakan bukan sebagai WNI, karena itu tidak berhak untuk menjadi anggota PASKIBRAKA RI.Kata kunci : Dwi Kewarganegaraan, WNI, WNA, Kepastian dan Gloria.
KEWAJIBAN NEGARA MELINDUNGI ANAK BANGSA
Authors: Galih Yuliana Surya
Published: March 2019

Anak-anak adalah generasi penerus bangsa ini, untuk menghasilkan generasi penerus yang handal, kuat dan tangguh, perlu dipersiapkan sejak dini. Salah satu upaya untuk menciptaan generasi penerus tersebut, maka anak-anak harus tangguh, sehat dan kuat, serta tahan terhadap penyakit. Untuk terciptanya anak-anak yang tahan terhadap penyakit tersebut, maka anak-anak harus diberi imunisasi dengan diberi vaksin. Tindakan membuat vaksin palsu, dan memberikannya kepada anak-anak, vaksin tersebut tidak mempunyai khasiat atau bahkan bisa membahayakan. Pembuatan vaksin palsu bukan hanya sekedar melanggar aturan hukum yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan yang membawa dampak kerugian kepada konsumen, akan tetapi juga mengenai perlindungan terhadap anak dari dampak vaksin palsu tersebut. Kewajiban Negaralah yang harus memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada anak-anak, karena Negara sebagai penguasa publik yang mempunyai kewajiban untuk melakukan pengawasan terhadap obat-obat yang beredar di masyarakat. Kata kunci : anak, vaksin palsu, perlindungan
PENALARAN HUKUM (LEGAL REASONING
Authors: Juanda Enju
Published: March 2019

Advokat harus mempunyai kemampuan dalam Penalaran Hukum (Legal Reasoning) yang baik, agar dalam melaksanakan layanan hukum tersebut dapat memberikan argumentasi atau alasan hukum yang baik dan jelas. Legal Reasoning adalah pencarian “reason” tentang hukum atau pencarian dasar tentang bagaimana seorang hakim memutuskan suatu perkara/kasus hukum yang dihadapinya, bagaimana seorang Advokat memberikan argumentasi hukum dan bagaimana seorang ahli hukum menalar hukum. Legal Reasoning harus memahami sumber-sumber- sumber hukum formil, yaitu undang-undang, kebiasaan dan adat, perjanjian, traktat, yurisprudensi tetap dan doktrin. Sumber Hukum Utama dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia adalah Peraturan Perundang-undangan (Hukum Tertulis), akan tetapi seringkali Peraturan Perundang-undangan (Hukum Tertulis) tertinggal oleh perkembangan masyarakat. Untuk  mengisi kekosongan Peraturan Perundang-undangan (Hukum Tertulis) dan pencarian dari arti dan makna dari suatu peraturan perundangan-undangan, dalam ilmu hukum dikenal dengan Konstruksi Hukum dan Interpretasi (Penafsiran Hukum). Konstruksi terdiri dari 3 (tiga) bentuk yaitu Analogi (Abstraksi), Determinasi (Penghalusan Hukum) dan Argumentum A Contrario.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS LEGAL PERSONALITY DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA ANTARA ANGGOTA ASEAN DI ERA MEA
Authors: Puspoayu Elisabeth Septin
Published: March 2019

Pada awal pembentukannya, ASEAN hanyalah dijadikan sebuah wadah untuk menjalin kerjasama dalam bidang sosial, ekonomi, politik, dan budaya di kawasan Asia Tenggara oleh para anggotanya. Seiring dengan berkembanganya, maka, pada tahun 2008, ASEAN diubah dari sebuah loose association menjadi rule based organization melalui ASEAN Charter 2007. penulis meneliti mengenai kekuatan legal personality ASEAN sebagai subjek hukum internasional yang mempunyai kapasitas untuk melakukan suatu tindakan dalam hubungan internasional, terutama kepada negara-negara anggotanya kaitannya erat dengan era MEA.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis menemukan bahwa legal personality ASEAN dapat dijadikan sebagai sebuah dasar (“groundwork”) penyelesaian sengketa negara-negara anggotanya.maka ASEAN harus mengoptimalkan beberapa instrument penyelesaian sengketa, seperti TAC 1976, dan ASEAN Charter 2007. Tingginya heterogenitas antar negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara, baik dari segi ekonomi, sosial, pollitik, dan budaya sehingga dibentuknya ASEAN Community 2015 (“khususnya dalam bidang politik–keamanan”). Menghadapi beberapa kendala tersebut, penulis menemukan bahwa untuk mewujudkan sentralitas ASEAN sebagai institusi penjaga perdamaian di kawasan Asia Tenggara, maka ASEAN harus mempunyai lembaga penyelesaian sengketa yang netral dan kompeten (ASEAN Dispute Settlement Body); selain itu, negara-negara anggota harus mau untuk menurunkan kadar “kedaulatan” dan “non-intervention” apabila ingin menjadikan ASEAN sebagai rule based organization. Kata Kunci :   Legal Personality, Penyelesaian Sengketa Internasional, ASEAN Charter 2007.
KAFÂAH DALAM PERNIKAHAN MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Taufik Otong Husni
Published: March 2019

Kafâ’ah dalam pernikahan antara calon suami dan calon istri dimaksudkan agar adanya keseimbangan dalam mengarungi bahtera rumah tangga kehidupan, persoalan kafâ’ah sering difahami secara tidak proposional dalam arti seseorang diharuskan menikah dengan lawan jenis yang sama derajatnya, kekayaannya dan kecantikan dan sebagainya, padahal semuanya itu hanyalah bersifat lahiriyah semata. Pasangan yang serasi diperoleh untuk mewujudkan rumah tangga yang tenang (sakinah), cinta (mawaddah), kasih(rahmah), banyak cara yang harus dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, salah satunya adalah upaya mencari calon suami atau istri yang baik, upaya tersebut bukanlah suatu kunci namun keberadannya dalam rumah tangga akan menentukan mampu atau tidaknya seseorang dalam membangun bahtera rumah tangga. Kata kunci : Kafâ’ah, Pernikahan.
DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION DALAM KAJIAN HUKUM PERSAINGAN USAHA
Authors: Rusydi Ibnu
Published: March 2019

Disruptive innovation dapat diartikan sebagai suatu inovasi yang menciptakan pasar baru, mengganggu atau merusak pasar yang sudah ada, yang pada akhirnya dapat menggantikan teknologi terdahulu. Lahirnya disruptive innovation memberikan kemudahan aksesbilitas serta biaya yang relatif lebih terjangkau bagi masyarakat pengguna. Pada sisi ini, disruptive innovation merupakan perkembangan pasar yang berdampak baik terhadap masyarakat dan peningkatan nilai ekonomi pada sisi konsumen dan pelaku usaha. Pada sisi lainnya, disruptive innovation merupakan salah satu ancaman bagi industri sejenis yang sebelumnya telah berkembang. Tulisan ini berusaha mengungkap fenomena disruptive innovation dalam kajian hukum persaingan usaha.Kata kunci: Inovasi, Disruptive Innovation, Hukum Persaingan Usaha.
KAJIAN YURIDIS TERHADAP EKSPLOITASI ANAK DI DESA PANGANDARAN
Authors: Komariah Mamay , Hermana Anda
Published: March 2019

This research is very important to carry out research on children in Pangandaran Village based on the observation of Pangandaran Village is quite large in the exploitation of children because it is a tourist area.This research was carried out using Qualitative Descriptive Research Methods. The data collected consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from interview with research respondents, namely the Employees of the Social Service of Pangandaran District and Members of the Pangandaran Police Station. Only secondary data is available at the office or in Pangandaran office and other publications.Based on the research result obtained that (1) Every carrie out on children that can cause adverse problems, mental or mental health, or moral development children, in Pangandaran Village which related to Articel 13 of Law Number 35 Year 2014 on Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection (2) Efforts made by the Government and law enforcement for its prevention by using the Child Protection Act, and Comprehensively by making efforts that affect activities that can be categorized as child exploitation with the criminal justice process in forceKeywords: Child Protection, Child Exploitation,
PRINSIP PIERCING THE CORPORATE VIEL TERHADAP TANGGUNG JAWAB DIREKSI DALAM KEPAILITAN PERSEROAN TERBATAS
Authors: Irawati Irawati
Published: March 2019

ABSTRAKPerseroan Terbatas adalah salah satu bentuk perusahaan yang banyak digunakan di Indonesia. Sebagai artificial person maka kegiatan Perseroan Terbatas dilakukan oleh Direksi. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana tanggung jawab Direksi atas tindakan ultra vires yang mengakibatkan kepailitan Perseroan Terbatas dalam Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas dan bagaimana prinsip piercing the corporate veil terhadap tanggung jawab Direksi dalam Perseroan Terbatas. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode pendekatan Yuridis Normatif yang artinya bahwa penelitian mengacu kepada norma-norma hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka Tanggung Jawab atas kepailitan Perseroan dalam hal permohonan pernyataan pailit tersebut diajukan atas dasar tindakan ultra vires Anggota Direksi pada awalnya berada pada ranah tanggung jawab pribadi Anggota Direksi, karena Anggota Direksi melakukan tindakan di luar batas kewenangan yang diatur baik dalam Anggaran Dasar maupun dalam peraturan perundangan-undangan terkait. Apabila tanggung jawab tersebut ditinjau dari siapa yang menerima manfaat ekonomi dari hasil tindakan ultra vires tersebut adalah Perseroan, maka Perseroan bersama Anggota Direksi harus bertanggung jawab secara tanggung renteng atas kepailitan Perseroan. Kata Kunci : Tanggung Jawab, Direksi, Ultra Vires, Kepailitan.
Repair of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow: Rehabilitation Following Internal Brace Surgery
Authors: Wilk Kevin E. , Arrigo Christopher A. , Bagwell Michael S. , Rothermich Marcus A. , Dugas Jeffrey R.
Published: March 2019

Synopsis

Injuries to the elbow in athletes who play overhead sports, especially in baseball pitchers, continue to increase in frequency. The anterior band of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), the primary restraint to valgus stress, is commonly injured from throwing. Historically, such injuries have been treated with surgical reconstruction techniques, using a tendon autograft. A recently developed UCL repair procedure with an internal brace, utilizing collagen tape, is gaining popularity. The primary goal of this surgery is to enhance elbow joint stability while the ligament is healing and to allow earlier return to sport after UCL reconstruction. The rehabilitation program following UCL repair with internal brace progresses through a different time frame than after UCL reconstruction. The purpose of this commentary, based on our experience with more than 350 cases, including 79 patients with at least a 1-year postsurgical follow-up, was to describe and provide the rationale for the rehabilitation process following UCL repair with internal brace. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(4):253–261. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8215
EFFECT OF INTERNSHIP ON THE ADAPTIVE POSSIBILITIES OF TURNER TRAINEES
Authors: Kiyok Ol’ga V.
Published: March 2019

Aim. The present work assesses the effect of internship on the adaptive capabilities of turner trainees according to the dynamics of the regulatory and adaptive status.

Materials and methods. In 30 turner trainees at the age of 18, internship adaptation was studied according to the dynamics of the index of the regulatory and adaptive status (IRAS) and heart rate variability. IRAS was determined using the sample of cardio-respiratory synchronism. The use of IRAS allows the regulatory-adaptive capabilities to be assessed quantitatively, classifying them as “high” (with an index of the regulatory-adaptive status >100), “good” (50–99), “satisfactory” (25–49), “low” (10–24) and “unsatisfactory” (≤ 9). In accordance with the Strelau temperament inventory, genetically determined types of higher nervous activity determine the ability of an organism to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Following this notion, the trainees were divided into the groups of less adapted (melancholic, choleric, sanguine/choleric, melancholic/choleric) and more adapted (phlegmatic, sanguine, phlegmatic/ sanguine, phlegmatic/melancholic) individuals.

Results.The groups of more adapted and less adapted individuals showed a decrease in IRAS by 24.4% and 38.8%, respectively. Accordingly, the regulatory and adaptive capabilities of the organism in the more adapted group remained “good”, while in the less adapted group they became “satisfactory”. Variation pulsometry indicated an increase in the stress index at the end of the internship, especially for less adapted turner trainees.

Conclusion.The dynamics of regulatory and adaptive capabilities allows the adaptation to internship among trainees to be assessed.

Conflict of interest: the author declares no conflict of interest.
INDICATORS OF OVARIAL RESERVE, PRO- AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM, CYTOKINE STATUS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND PERITONEAL LIQUID IN PATIENTS WITH ENDOMETRIOID OVARIAN CYSTS
Authors: Sokolova Ekaterina I. , Kutsenko Irina I. , Kravtsova Elena I. , Batmen Saida K.
Published: March 2019

The aimof this work was to identify the characteristics of the cytokine status and state of the pro- and antioxidant systems in patients of late reproductive age with endometrioid cysts and determine their role in changing the ovarian reserve.

Materials and methods.A total of 89 patients with endometrioid ovarian cysts (EOC) were examined. The control group consisted of 35 healthy patients admitted for surgical sterilisation. Peripheral blood was collected before surgery, while the peritoneal fluid collection was performed intraoperatively. In peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid, the level of cytokines was determined. The calculation of the anti-inflammatory index was performed, along with the evaluation of the content of lipid peroxidation products and the antioxidant activity. The analysis of the ovarian reserve parameters was conducted.

Results.In patients of late reproductive age suffering from EOC, a decrease in the ovarian reserve is observed under the preserved hormonal background. The presence of EOC is accompanied by the activation of lipid peroxidation, both at the systemic and local levels, under a pronounced inhibition of the antioxidant defence link. At the systemic and local levels, patients with EOC experience an imbalance in the cytokine system with a significant activation of the pro-inflammatory component.

Conclusion.The disruption of oxidative homeostasis and activation of immune inflammation, detected in patients of late reproductive age with EOC, may lead to the damage of the structural cell components of the functional ovarian tissue, thereby reducing the ovarian reserve.

Conflict of interest: the authors declare no conflict of interest.
SOCIAL NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE
Authors: Yakovlev Aleksei A. , Musatov Vladimir B. , Glyzhina Larisa V. , Komarova Aleksandra Ya. , Amirkhanyan Yurii A. , Kelli Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2019

The article is a review of Russian and foreign publications on the use of social networking technologies in medicine. The analysis of social networks involves a special methodology that permits communications between the participants of social networks to be studied in a formalized way. The article presents the main terminology and history of the problem, as well as the interpretation of its key definitions (homogeneity, multiplicity, reciprocity/mutuality, bridge, density, distance, clustering coefficient, centrality). It is noted that the methods of social networking analysis are rarely used in the Russian healthcare system, compared to other countries. At the same time, existing social networks have an important impact on health-related behaviour, particularly in terms of contraception, the risk of contracting HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases, smoking, obesity, physical activity and psychoactive drug consumption. It is important that social networks can be used to accelerate behavioural change, reduce undesirable consequences arising from the spread of negative behaviour, improve social changes and promote innovations. This technology referred to as network interventions, along with its methodology, is described in the present article. In addition, the results of studies into the application of this technology abroad are presented.

Conclusion.The use of networking analysis in the domestic healthcare system, focused on Internet communities, can significantly improve the effectiveness of state programs aimed at improving population health.

Conflict of interest: the authors declare no conflict of interest.
SIMULTANEOUS INTERVENTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED FORMS OF POSTOPERATIVE VENTRAL HERNIA AND ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL DEFORMATIONS
Authors: Gerbali Oksana Yu. , Kosenko Aleksandr V.
Published: March 2019

The aim is to optimize the treatment of patients with postoperative ventral hernias, anterior abdominal wall deformations and cholelithiasis.

Materials and methods. 36 patients with complicated forms of postoperative ventral hernias, anterior abdominal wall deformation and cholelithiasis aged 36–74 years, under the 12:24 male/ female ratio were studied. According to the classification of Toskin — Zhebrovsky, smallsized, medium-sized, extensive and gigantic hernias were observed in 3 (8.3%), 12 (33.3%), 15 (41.7%) and 6 (16.7%) patients, respectively. According to the SWR-classification, the hernia of the median, lateral and combined localization was observed in 14 (38.9%), 7 (19.4%) and 15 (41.7%) patients, respectively. All patients were operated. Both autoplastic and prosthetic techniques of operations were used. Various forms of the anterior abdominal wall deformation were eliminated with the help of abdominoplasty. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed simultaneously in all patients.

Results. Postoperative complications occurred in 11 (30.5%) patients, with persistent seroma prevailing (6–54.5% of patients). In 3 (27.2%) patients wound suppuration was observed, in 1 (9.1%) — early postoperative intestinal obstruction. Postoperative pneumonia was observed in one patient.

Conclusion. Success in the surgical treatment of such patients is determined by whether an individualized differentiated approach was used in choosing the method of surgery and the management of patients in the postoperative period.
Molecular Level Understanding of the Free Energy Landscape in Early Stages of MOF Nucleation
Authors: Kollias Loukas , Cantu David C. , Tubbs Marcus A. , Rousseau Roger , Glezakou Vassiliki-Alexandra , Salvalaglio Matteo
Published: March 2019

The assembly mechanism of hierarchical materials controlled by the choice of solvent and presence of spectator ions. In this paper, we use enhanced sampling molecular dynamics methods to investigate these effects on the configurational landscape of metal-linker interactions in the early stages of synthesis, using MIL-101(Cr) as a prototypical example. Microsecond-long well- tempered metadynamics (WTmetaD) simulations uncover a complex free energy structural landscape, with distinct crystal (C) and non-crystal (NC) like configurations and their equilibrium population. In presence of ions (Na+, F-), we observe a complex effect on the crystallinity of secondary building units (SBUs), by encouraging/suppressing salt bridges between C configurations and consequently controlling the percentage of defects. Solvent effects are assessed by introducing N, N dimethylformamide (DMF) instead of water, where SBU adducts are appreciably more stable and compact. These results shed light on how solvent and ionic strength impact the free energy of assembly phenomena that ultimately control material synthesis
Oxygen-Enhanced Upconversion of near Infrared Light from Below the Silicon Band Gap
Authors: Schmidt Timothy , Gholizadeh Elham , Prasad Shyamal , Teh Zhi Li , Ishwara Thilini , Norman Sarah , Petty Anthony J , Anthony John E. , Huang Shujuan
Published: March 2019

Here we demonstrate an upconversion composition using semiconductor nanocrystal sensitizers that employs molecular triplet states below the singlet oxygen energy. We show that, contrary to the usual expectation, the admission of oxygen enhances the intensity of upconverted light and significantly speeds up the photochemical processes involved. Further, we demonstrate photochemical upconversion from below the silicon band gap in the presence of oxygen.
Synthesis of Nitrile-Bearing Quaternary Centers via an Equilibrium-Driven Transnitrilation and Anion-Relay Strategy
Authors: Alazet Sebastien , West Michael , Patel Purvish , Rousseaux Sophie
Published: March 2019

The efficient preparation of nitrile-containing building blocks is of interest due to their utility as synthetic intermediates and their prevalence in pharmaceuticals. As a result, significant efforts have been made to develop methods to access these motifs which rely on safer and non-toxic sources of CN. Herein, we report that 2-methyl-2-phenylpropanenitrile is an efficient, non-toxic, electrophilic CN source for the synthesis of nitrile-bearing quaternary centers via a thermodynamic transnitrilation and anion-relay strategy. This one-pot process leads to nitrile products resulting from the gem-difunctionalization of alkyl lithium reagents.
Group Dynamics in the Cyberspace (Case Study on ‘Komunitas Blogger Jogja’ and ‘Loenpia Dot Net’)
Authors: Amalia Ayu , Sukmono Filosa Gita
Published: March 2019

Context of this study derived from communication studies, emphasizes on the perspective of ’a cultural shift’ as a result of the ’cyberspace’ phenomenon as an impact of the current-computing technology, and the changing patterns of information transmission and communication. Researchers conducted indepth interviews, towards the members of a bloggers community, such as 'Komunitas Blogger Jogja' (bloggerjogja.org), and 'Loenpia Dot Net' (loenpia.net/blog) which is a bloggers community based in Semarang.This research use qualitative analysis with descriptive approach.As results, ’group dynamics’ that are developed by each community, corresponds with the community character and nature, to maintain the self-existence. Member of bloggers community maintain the existence of his/her bloggers community, conducted by interacting on a regular basis amongst community members, as well as build awareness for the netizens by upload various information on his/her personal blog, linked with community web page.
Legal Aspects of the Commercialization of Results of Intellectual Activity Carried out by Educational Budgetary Organizations
Authors: Sviridova E. A.
Published: March 2019

The subjects of the research are determining the originality of the results of intellectual activity carried out by budgetary educational organizations and establishment of rights to research results created by the staff of scientific and educational organizations. The relevance of the topic in question is due to the fact that results of intellectual activity are increasingly used not only in the production sphere but also in the provision of educational services. In the market economy and the tough competition environment, educational institutions are more and more often paying attention to the structuring and management of an intellectual property portfolio, attracting and using innovations. One of the priority tasks of an educational budget institution is the development and practical application of the intellectual activity results belonging to it. The purposes of the study were formulation of criteria of originality as the basis for the qualification of research results treated as copyright objects; and individualization of scientific activity results in agreements on the transfer of intellectual rights. The paper proposes to protect research results possessing relative novelty as derivative works. Along with that, it is concluded that it is desirable to disregard the criterion of the place of work performance developed by judicial practice in respect of scientific works created by the staff of educational organizations. The above conclusions can be used by budgetary educational organizations in the development of in-house local rules on intellectual property and for the registration of rights to official results of intellectual activity.
Multilateral Development Banks in the World Economy: Business Specifics and Prospects for Cooperation with Russia
Authors: Antropov V. V.
Published: March 2019

The subject of the researchis the functioning of multilateral development banks in the world economy and prospects for their cooperation with Russia.The relevanceof the problem is due, firstly, to the need to make a revision of the Russian policy of cooperation with international financial organizations so as to use their practices in programs of socioeconomic transformations and expand the country’s presence in the global economy, and, secondly, to the availability of huge resources accumulated by the largest multilateral banks with prospects of their use for the domestic economy modernization.The purpose of the researchwas to consider the business specifics and prospects of cooperation of multilateral development banks with Russia with a focus on investment activities carried out by the World Bank divisions and three multilateral development banks — the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank — that are analyzed in terms of their functions at the regional level and in the world economy. The paper gives an assessment of the current state of Russia’s cooperation with multilateral development banks and examines its prospects.It is concludedthatRussia needs to develop an understanding of its own position with regard to the activities of the above organizations and build a cooperation system that would contribute to the realization of its national interests and be in line with the country’s economic development policies.