bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de Plantas Medicinais por Gestantes em uma unidade Básica de Saúde de Juazeiro do Norte - CE
Authors: Mendonça Rejane Cristina Fiorelli de , Morais Cícero Deivid Bezerra de , Feitosa Francisco Leonardo da Silva , Coelho José Leonardo Gomes , Andrade Francisca Stefane do Nascimento , Ferreira Linaria Martins , Sousa Lorena Monte , Souza Isadora Gislene Lopes de , Maia Paulo Jefter Marciel , Cruz Karine Rocha da , Ribeiro Filho Jaime
Published: March 2021

Introdução: No período gestacional o corpo materno sofre inúmeras alterações fisiológicas em um curto espaço de tempo. O uso de produtos farmacoterapêuticos na gestação deve ser cauteloso já que muitas substâncias encontradas nesses produtos podem trazer riscos gravíssimos para a gestante. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de plantas medicinais por gestantes atendidas em uma unidade básica de saúde de Juazeiro do Norte-CE. Método: O presente estudo é caracterizado como transversal e observacional de caráter quantitativo. Realizado com 15 gestantes de uma UBS de juazeiro do norte no período de outubro de 2019 a novembro de 2019. Resultados: No presente estudo foi avaliado o uso de produtos farmacoterapêuticos por gestantes atendidas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Juazeiro do Norte, de início caracterizou-se o perfil socioeconômico, em seguida o histórico gestacional, e por fim verificou-se o uso de plantas medicinais pelas gestantes, onde notou-se que 20% das gestantes utilizavam algum tipo de planta medicinal. Conclusão: Foi possível observar as plantas medicinais utilizadas pelas gestantes em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de juazeiro do Norte-CE, podendo verificar que mesmo sendo realizada pela minoria das gestantes a prática de uso de produtos farmacoterapêuticos continua em alta atualmente. Desse modo, é de extrema importância que as mulheres em estado gestacional tenham o devido cuidado com a sua saúde quando se trata do uso de plantas medicinais, pois muitas das plantas medicinais não possuem estudos que indiquem sua eficácia e segurança, assim como os seus efeitos tóxicos.
Atenção à saúde mental na atenção primária de saúde: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Sterling Rita Adriana Melo , Gonçalves Laura Faustino , Haas Patrícia
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A atenção primária à saúde se apresenta como a principal porta de entrada do sistema de saúde, com isso, espera-se que as demandas de saúde mental também possam ser acolhidas, encaminhadas, acompanhadas e muitas vezes tratadas pelos profissionais que atuam nesse serviço. Objetivo: Verificar evidências científicas baseadas em evidências referentes à atenção à saúde mental na atenção primária à saúde. Metodologia: A busca por artigos científicos foi conduzida por dois pesquisadores independentes nas bases de dados Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, Bireme, Web of Science e Scopus, sem restrição de idioma, período e localização. Foram inclusos na pesquisa estudos que obtiveram pontuação ≥ a 6 pontos segundo o protocolo para pontuação qualitativa proposto por Pithon et al. (2015).  Resultados: Os estudos admitidos apontam para pacientes que obtiveram cuidados de saúde mental apenas do médico da atenção primária, bem como, avaliação de feedback consideraram os aplicativos úteis. Vinte e quatro (68,5%) dos pacientes relataram o uso de Breathe2Relax e 24 (68,5%) relataram o uso de autoajuda para Gerenciamento de Ansiedade. Conclusão: Um maior foco no cuidado centrado no paciente, requer uma maior integração entre atenção primária e o setor de saúde mental para assim, haver uma redução da fragmentação do cuidado e das disparidades nos resultados da saúde. Os aplicativos relacionados à saúde mental são aplicáveis e relevantes para os pacientes em ambientes integrados de atenção primária em sistemas de saúde de rede de segurança.
Terapia nutricional em pacientes com COVID-19: algumas considerações e evidências científicas
Authors: Santos Beatriz Souza , Marreiros Camila Santos , Veloso Fernanda Kassiely de Sousa , Costa Jardel Alves da , Ferreira Karine Rodrigues , Carvalho Lídia Ribeiro de , Fontinele Renata Rodrigues Costa , Silva Stefany  Dourado da , Rodrigues Gilmara Péres
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo objetivou revisar a literatura sobre a terapia nutricional em pacientes com COVID-19, destacando alguns nutrientes com potencial funcional que podem beneficiar os pacientes na resposta à infecção e recuperação da doença. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa simples, desenvolvida a partir de levantamento bibliográfico, leitura de artigos originais e de outras revisões sobre a temática. Os artigos foram recuperados a partir das bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science. Os principais achados mostraram que a desnutrição é característica frequente em pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2, estando associada à morbidade e mortalidade aumentadas. As evidências científicas confirmam a terapia nutricional como determinante no prognóstico do paciente com COVID-19, com recomendações para oferta hiperproteica e teor adequado de nutrientes com potencial funcional, como os considerados imunomoduladores e anti-inflamatórios. Conclui-se que a terapia nutricional com oferta aumentada de proteínas e rica em imunonutrientes, pode melhorar o prognóstico clínico de pacientes com COVID-19.
Mechanical properties of composites with bioactive technology Giomer: a literature review
Authors: Silva André Rodrigo Justino da , Feitosa Vanessa Gonçalves , Souza Andressa Nascimento de , Muniz Rafaela Pereira Deschamps , Ornellas Maria Clara Alves Sobral , Silva Elaine Patrícia Lima , Braz Rodivan
Published: March 2021

O objetivo é avaliar as propriedades mecânicas do material restaurador bioativo Giomer através de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Realizou-se a busca nos meses de Julho e Agosto de 2020 nas bases de dados Pubmed e BVS, através do uso de dois grupos de descritores unidos pelo booleano “AND” que permitiram a inclusão de 20 artigos nessa revisão. Os resultados mostram que o material Giomer mostrou laboratorialmente comportamento flexural superior ao compômero e ao cimento de ionômero de vidro, além de não sofrer redução do seu módulo de flexão quando submerso em algumas substâncias. A microdureza do Giomer sofreu redução quando em contato com soluções ácidas, como refrigerante a base de Cola, café, ácido cítrico e etanol, além de sofrer alteração de acordo com o protocolo de fotopolimerização. Foi possível concluir que vários fatores podem interferir positivamente e negativamente nas propriedades mecânicas do compósito Giomer quando avaliados in vitro, como observado para soluções ácidas e peróxido de carbamida.
Vídeo como ferramenta remota de educação em saúde: ações extensionistas interprofissionais durante a pandemia
Authors: Silva Francielle Dutra da , Saccol Júlia Pauli , Batista Aline Kruger
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho relata a experiência durante a disciplina optativa “Ações de promoção de saúde em Odontologia” da Universidade Franciscana de Santa Maria - RS. Através da disciplina, foram planejadas ações remotas devido à pandemia do COVID-19. Atendendo à demanda levantada por um Centro Terapêutico (CT), estudantes de Odontologia e Psicologia planejaram ações interprofissionais a fim de promover conhecimento e novos hábitos de saúde. Com o objetivo de manter o vínculo com os usuários, apesar do distanciamento social da pandemia, foi criado um vídeo explicativo sobre os cuidados em saúde bucal e, posteriormente, foram analisadas suas correlações com a saúde mental dos usuários. Como resultado da interprofissionalidade, surgiu a autonomia no cuidado da saúde e formação de hábitos desta população. Conclui-se que, apesar da distância, a união dos alunos por meio do conhecimento compartilhado permitiu criar hábitos em saúde, mantendo o vínculo e o contato com a comunidade, respeitando o distanciamento social.
Incidência de mosca-branca nas culturas de soja e milho e possibilidade de refúgios em área de Cerrado
Authors: Sousa Graciene Pereira de , Barbosa Regilene Bento , Sousa Paulo Henrique Amaral Araújo de , Moura Jaqueline Zanon de , Moura Sinevaldo Gonçalves de , Santos Paula Barbosa dos , Silva Aluisio Costa
Published: March 2021

A mosca-branca (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) representa um grupo de insetos sugadores polífagos que compõe o complexo de pragas que atacam a soja, tendo como principal espécie praga Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889). Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa registrar a flutuação populacional de Aleyrodidae em áreas de cultivo de milho e soja nos municípios de Currais e Bom Jesus-PI, relacionar a ocorrência da praga com fatores climáticos e investigar se as áreas de Cerrado ao lado dos cultivos agrícolas podem servir como abrigo dessa praga na região. Foram definidos doze pontos de coleta com armadilhas adesivas amarelas. O intervalo médio de coleta foi de 45 dias, mantendo as armadilhas em campo por 24 horas. Estimaram-se os índices de diversidade, equitabilidade, dominância e frequência da ordem Hemiptera e da família Aleyrodidae na ordem Hemiptera. Para Aleyrodidae foram elaborados gráficos correlacionando a ocorrência à precipitação semanal acumulada anteriormente à coleta. A família Aleyrodidae é mais dominante e frequente em área de cultivo de soja quando comparada à área de cultivo de milho; a população de Aleyrodidae tende a diminuir com o aumento da precipitação; em áreas de cultivo de soja e milho contínuas à área de Cerrado a população de Aleyrodidae tende a se concentrar na mata de Cerrado; a manutenção de áreas de Cerrado próximas à áreas de cultivo de soja e milho pode favorecer o manejo integrado da família Aleyrodidae e diminuir os riscos de surtos populacionais nas áreas de cultivo comercial.
Uma breve revisão sobre a teoria de transferência de miRNA entre reinos
Authors: Oliveira Maria Fernanda de , Fai Ana Elizabeth Cavalcante , Citelli Marta
Published: March 2021

Recentemente, o meio acadêmico vem discutindo a teoria chamada de “cross-kingdom transfer”, em tradução livre “transferência cruzada entre reinos” no âmbito nutricional. Esta tem ideia de que material genético bioativo tem o potencial de ser transferido de plantas para animais via trato gastrointestinal. Ao alcançar o seu sítio de atuação, esta molécula exógena seria capaz de influenciar as condições fisiológicas de seu organismo receptor. Os microRNAs (miR) são moléculas não codificantes, cotadas como sendo capazes de realizar esta ação. São responsáveis por aderirem a moléculas de RNA mensageiros e impedir sua tradução, desta forma regulando vários mecanismos celulares, inclusive o ciclo celular. Este artigo de revisão teve como objetivo montar um panorama das pesquisas neste controverso campo. Conclui-se que, embora sejam necessárias mais pesquisas a respeito para que se possam esclarecer questões relativas ao tema, alguns estudos indicam que os alimentos são capazes de veicular a transferência de miRNAs de um reino ou de uma espécie para outra.
A educação como prática de cultura na Amazônia
Authors: Pereira Laura Belém , Nascimento Cassandra Augusta Rodrigues , Weigel Valéria Augusta Cerqueira de Medeiros , Simas Hellen Cristina Picanço , Menezes Reinaldo Oliveira
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir acerca de questões sobre educação e cultura na Amazônia, sob o viés antropológico e interdisciplinar. Trata-se de um estudo de cunho bibliográfico. Neste sentido, a proposta é pensar a educação e a cultura como dimensões do processo social, considerando a emergência de novas tecnologias e suas interações com culturas locais e globais vigentes. A reflexão aqui exposta, ao mesmo tempo, direciona-se a pensar o papel da educação institucional e da educação popular no contexto das relações sociais que permeiam escola-sociedade/docentes-discentes. Assim, as leituras de abordagem interdisciplinar, proporcionaram uma aproximação do cotidiano escolar amazônico e de suas interações em meio a situações que envolvem processos da educação e suas transformações no mundo globalizado.
Análise clínico-patológica de carcinoma epidermóide em assoalho bucal: Relato de caso
Authors: Araújo Jéssica Maria do Nascimento , Oliveira Beatriz Reis de , Silva Elias Abraão dos Reis , Nascimento Felipe de Sousa , Santos Gabriela Alves dos , Todt Gustavo Dultra , Brito Halana Lessa , Santos Ísis Suzanne Crisóstomo dos , Santos Joana Ferreira Rodrigues , Costa Joana Machado , Oliveira Neto José Augusto de , Loeser Julyani Mota Souza , Seabra Liana Gois , Santos Louise Cristina , Brandão Neto Mário Gomes , Nogueira Mateus Ferreira , Jesus Pedro Vinícius Santos de , Goulart Tiago de Oliveira , Vanderley Vitória Virgínia Maria Machado , Leite Rafaella Bastos
Published: March 2021

O carcinoma de células escamosas de lábio inferior é uma das neoplasias malignas mais comuns da região oral e maxilofacial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar um caso clínico de carcinoma epidermóide em assoalho bucal. Paciente do sexo feminino, 57 anos, tabagista e etilista por um período de dez anos, compareceu a clinica odontológica exibindo um aumento de volume em região de assoalho bucal, com sintomatologia dolorosa, consistência endurecida, e duração de 2 anos. Sob a hipótese clínica de carcinoma epidermoide oral, foi realizada a biópsia incisional, a qual revelou neoplasia maligna epitelial exibindo ninhos e ilhas de células com núcleo hipercromático, moderado pleomorfismo nuclear e celular, e pérolas de ceratina. O estroma exibia moderado infiltrado inflamatório predominantemente mononuclear. Com base no diagnóstico definitivo de carcinoma de células escamosas, o paciente foi encaminhado para um centro de referência contra o câncer. Os achados do presente caso ressaltam a importância do correto diagnóstico e enaltece a importância de um exame clínico minucioso, sendo necessário correlacionar os dados clínicos, radiográficos e histopatológicos para o correto diagnóstico.
Night Vision Goggle and Counterweight Use Affect Neck Muscle Activity During Reciprocal Scanning
Authors: Healey Laura A. , Derouin Aaron J. , Callaghan Jack P. , Cronin Duane S. , Fischer Steven L.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Mass, moment of inertia, and amplitude of neck motion were altered during a reciprocal scanning task to investigate how night vision goggles (NVGs) use mechanistically is associated with neck trouble among rotary-wing aircrew.METHODS: There were 30 subjects
measured while scanning between targets at 2 amplitudes (near and far) and under 4 head supported mass conditions (combinations of helmet, NVGs, and counterweights). Electromyography (EMG) was measured bilaterally from the sternocleidomastoid and upper neck extensors. Kinematics were measured
from the trunk and head.RESULTS: Scanning between the far amplitude targets required higher peak angular accelerations (7% increase) and neck EMG (between 1.24.5% increase), lower muscle cocontraction ratios (6.7% decrease), and fewer gaps in EMG (up to a 59% decrease) relative
to the near targets. Increasing the mass of the helmet had modest effects on neck EMG, while increasing the moment of inertia did not.DISCUSSION: Target amplitude, not head supported mass configuration, had a greater effect on exposure metrics. Use of NVGs restricts field-of-view,
requiring an increased amplitude of neck movement. This may play an important role in understanding links between neck trouble and NVG use.Healey LA, Derouin AJ, Callaghan JP, Cronin DS, Fischer SL. Night vision goggle and counterweight use affect neck muscle activity during reciprocal
scanning. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(3):172181.
ONKOLOJİ BİRİMİNDE TEDAVİ ALAN HASTALARIN MANEVİ İYİ OLUŞLARI VE YAŞAM KALİTELERİ
Authors: KÖKTÜRK DALCALI Berna , DURGUN Hanife , CAN Şeyda
Published: March 2021

Manevi iyi oluş kişinin hayatındaki dengeye işaret etmektedir. İnsanları yaşamları boyunca karşılaşabilecekleri bazı hastalıklar bu dengeyi bozabilmektedir. Özellikle kanser gibi yaşamı tehdit eden hastalıklarda bireyin yaşam kalitesinin sürdürülmesinde manevi iyi oluşun rolü büyüktür. Bu nedenle çalışma kanser hastalarının manevi iyi oluşları ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için gerçekleştirilen kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırma Kasım 2019-Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 87 hasta ile tamamlanmıştır. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yapılandırılmış soru formu, Manevi İyi Oluş Ölçeği (FACIT-Sp-12) (Version 4) ve Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (EORTC QLQ-C30) ile toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS 21.0 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. İstatiksel testlerden yüzde, frekans, ortalama, standart sapma, iki bağımsız değişken arasındaki farklılığın belirlenmesinde Student t testi ile çoklu bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki farklılığın belirlenmesinde ANOVA testi kullanıldı. Veriler arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesinde Pearson Korelasyon Analizi kullanıldı. Hastaların manevi iyi oluş puanlarının ortalamanın üstünde olduğu görüldü. Çalışmada hastaların; Manevi İyi Oluş Ölçeği’nden aldıkları puanların yüksek olduğu, EORTC QLQ-C30 alt boyutlarından aldıkları puan ortalamaları; Avrupa ülkeleri referans değerleri ile karşılaştırıldığında semptom skorunun Avrupa ülkelerinin referans değerinin üzerinde, fonksiyonel skor ve genel sağlık skorunun ise referans değerin altında olduğu görüldü. Manevi iyi oluş toplam puanının fonksiyonel skor ve genel sağlık durumu skoru ile ilişkili olduğu görüldü.
ANALISIS PEMETAAN JUMLAH KONSUMSI DAN PENGADAAN BERAS DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN KABUPATEN JOMBANG
Authors: Sumarsono  , Minto  , Totok Yulianto  , Sulung Rahmawan Wira Ghani
Published: March 2021

Mengacu tren data tahun 2012 sampai 2016 terkait produktifitas beras dan pertumbuhanpenduduk, terlihat ada ketidakselarasan antara tingkat produktifitas beras dengan tingkatpertumbuhan penduduk di kabupaten Jombang, ini menggambarkan tingkat konsumsi yang terusmeningkat. Produktifitas beras yang relatif stabil sedangkan konsumsi beras yang terus bertambah,merupakan masalah terkait ketersediaan beras. Berdasarkan situasi tersebut, artikel bertujuanmenganalisis pemetaan variabel jumlah konsumsi dan pengadaan beras diwilayah kecamatankabupaten Jombang, sebagai bahan evaluasi, pencegahan, penanganan ketidakseimbangan antarapertumbuhan konsumsi dan pengadaan beras. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatifanalisis biplot. Data penelitian bersumber dari data publikasi departemen pertanian kabupatenJombang, BPS Jombang, dengan periode tahun 2010 sampai 2016. Variabel penelitian yaknijumlah konsumsi dan pengadaan beras dalam satuan kwintal per tahun per kecamatan. Hasilanalisis biplot disimpulkan: Pemetaan keragaman variabel konsumsi dan pengadaan beras adalahrelatif sama, yang berarti kebutuhan antara variabel konsumsi dengan pengadaan beras dari 21kecamatan di kabupaten Jombang relatif seragam. Selanjutnya hasil pemetaan korelasi, variabelkonsumsi dengan pengadaan beras di wilayah kecamatan kabupaten Jombang memiliki hubunganyang tidak erat, sehingga disimpulkan jumlah konsumsi beras yang terbentuk, tidak memilikiketerkaitan erat dengan jumlah pengadaan beras. Hasil pemetaan kemiripan karakteristik antarkecamatan, terdapat 6 kelompok kecamatan yang memiliki kesamaan variabel konsumsi denganpengadaan beras. Hasil pengelompokan ini memberi acuan kepada target penanganan yang lebihtepat untuk setiap kelompok kecamatan. Hasil pemetaan posisi keunggulan kecamatan, terdapatkelompok kecamatan yang unggul diatas rata-rata, disekitar rata-rata, dan dibawah rata-rata. Halini memberikan gambaran skala prioritas yang bisa disesuaikan dengan program ketersediaanpangan beras.
Evaluation of seed cotton yield and fiber properties portrayal of some candidate cotton varieties in national coordinated varietal trials in the Punjab province during seasons 2017 and 2018
Authors: Naimatullah Salma , Wahid Muhammad Atif , Afzal Hamza , Shahid Muhammad , Ahsan Zahir , Baksh Ali , Hasan Irum
Published: March 2021

Thirty six candidate cotton varieties developed by different breeders of Pakistan were tested consecutively for two years (2017 and 2018) and at six locations of Province of Punjab in national coordinated varietal trials (NCVT).  The trials were conducted to explore seed cotton yield potential and fiber properties against two check varieties (CIM-602 and FH-142/IUB-13).  As per claim of the breeders, the samples of all varieties for both the years were sent to four designated biotechnological laboratories for conducting biochemical tests also. The results revealed highly significant differences among the varieties for both the years. During the year 2017, on an average of six location, top ten high yielding varieties recorded were MNH-1026, BH-221, BS-18, CEMB-100, MNH-1020, FH-444, CEMB-101, ICI-2121, Bahar-07 and IUB-69 which yielded 3202, 3058, 3051, 2948, 2923, 2888, 2880, 2870, 2783 and 2753 kg/ha seed cotton yield respectively. When the results of 2018 trial were looked at, averagely top ten high yielding varieties were BS-18, ICI-2121, MNH-1026, RH-Afnan, CIM-343, CIM-663, NIAB-898, FH-490, MNH-1020 and NS-191 with 2893, 2749, 2748, 2745, 2614, 2608, 2607, 2604, 2594, and 2512 kg/ha of seed cotton yield respectively. However, on an average of both the years (2017 and 2018), top ten high yielding varieties were MNH-1026, BS-18, ICI-2121, BH-221, MNH-1020, CIM-343, CIM-663, FH-490, FH-444 and NIAB-898 producing 2975, 2972, 2810, 2761, 2759, 2681, 2671, 2670, 2652 and 2629 kg/ha of seed cotton respectively. As regards fiber properties, almost half (18 candidate varieties) could qualify all fiber standards set by Punjab Seed Council including 12 varieties which were given relaxation of 1mm in staple length by the Expert Sub Committee of the Punjab Seed Corporation. The biochemical test results received from all four laboratories revealed that on an average of four laboratories and two years, the trait purity range recorded was from 42 to 96 percent, whereas, quantification of Bt toxin ranged from 0.81 to 2.62. From the present study, it was concluded that almost 15-20 candidate varieties have the potential to be included among already approved varieties for commercial cultivation in the province of the Punjab
Calibrating and Simulating Copula Functions in Financial Applications
Authors: Di Clemente Annalisa , Romano Claudio
Published: March 2021

Copula functions can be utilized in financial applications to determine the dependence structure of the financial asset returns in the portfolio. Empirical evidence has proved the inadequacy of the multi-normal distribution, traditionally adopted to model the financial asset returns distribution. Copula functions can be employed in a flexible way for building efficient algorithms and to simulate a more adequate distribution of the financial assets. This paper aims to describe some simple statistical procedures currently employed to calibrate the copula functions to the financial market data. Furthermore, we present some useful methods for choosing which copula function better fits the real financial data. Also, some algorithms to simulate random variates from certain types of copula functions are illustrated. Finally, for illustration purposes, the previous procedures described are applied to two Italian equities. In particular, we show how to generate efficient Monte Carlo scenarios of equity log-returns in the bivariate case using different types of copula functions.
An Analysis of Blockchain Adoption in Supply Chains Between 2010 and 2020
Authors: Vadgama Nikhil , Tasca Paolo
Published: March 2021

In this research, the evolution of blockchain applied to supply chains has been mapped from the inception of the technology until June 2020, utilizing primarily public data sources. We have analyzed 271 blockchain projects on parameters such as their inception dates, types of blockchain, status, sectors applied to and type of organization that founded the project. We confirm generally understood trends in the blockchain market with new projects following the industry’s general hype and funding levels. We observe most activity in the Agriculture/Grocery sector and the Freight/Logistics sector. We see the shift of market interest from private companies (startups) to public companies and consortia and the change in blockchain adoption from Ethereum to Hyperledger. Finally, we observe more market-ready solutions and fewer inactive projects for Hyperledger-based projects than Ethereum-based projects.
LncRNA MTX2-6 Suppresses Cell Proliferation by Acting as ceRNA of miR-574-5p to Accumulate SMAD4 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Jie , Han Xu , Gu Yan , Wu Jixiang , Song Jianxiang , Shi Zhan , Chang Huiwen , Liu Ming , Zhang Yajun
Published: March 2021

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been one of the key causes of cancer deaths worldwide. It has been found that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is related to the generation and progression of various cancers (including ESCC). However, there are still many lncRNAs related to ESCC whose functions and molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we first reported that lncRNA MTX2-6 was significantly downregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines. The decreased expression of MTX2-6 is closely related to larger tumor and worse prognosis of ESCC patients. Through a series of functional experiments, we detected that overexpressed MTX2-6 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis of ESCCin vitroandin vivo. Further studies showed that MTX2-6 exerts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by binding miR-574-5p and elevates the expression of SMAD4 in ESCC. In summary, our results clarify the tumor suppressor roles of MTX2-6/miR-574-5p/SMAD4 axis in the progression of ESCC and provide emerging therapeutic targets for ESCC patients.
Media Matters, Examining Historical and Modern Streptococcus pneumoniae Growth Media and the Experiments They Affect
Authors: Sanchez-Rosario Yamil , Johnson Michael D. L.
Published: March 2021

While some bacteria can thrive for generations in minerals and salts, many require lavish nutrition and specific chemicals to survive to the point where they can be observed and researched. Although researchers once boiled and rendered animal flesh and bones to obtain a media that facilitated bacterial growth, we now have a plethora of formulations and manufacturers to provide dehydrated flavors of historical, modified, and modern media. The purpose of media has evolved from simple isolation to more measured study. However, in some instances, media formulated to aid the metabolic, nutritional, or physical properties of microbes may not be best suited for studying pathogen behavior or resilience as a function of host interactions. While there have been comparative studies on handfuls of these media in Streptococcus pneumoniae, this review focuses on describing both the historical and modern composition of common complex (Todd Hewitt and M17), semi-defined (Adams and Roe), and defined pneumococcal media (RPMI and Van de Rijn and Kessler), key components discovered/needed for cultivation/growth enhancement, and effects these different media have on bacterial phenotypes and experimental outcomes. While many researchers find the best conditions to grow and experiment on their bacteria of choice, the reasons for some researchers to use a specific medium is at best, not discussed, and at worst, arbitrary. As such, the goal of this review is to highlight the differences in pneumococcal media to encourage investigators to challenge their decisions on why they use a given medium, discuss the recipe, and explain their reasoning.
Salivary Microbiome Variation in Early Childhood Caries of Children 3–6 Years of Age and Its Association With Iron Deficiency Anemia and Extrinsic Black Stain
Authors: Han Rui , Yue Jin , Lin Haozhi , Du Nan , Wang Jinfeng , Wang Shuting , Kong Fanzhi , Wang Jiaying , Gao Wei , Ma Lei , Bu Shoushan
Published: March 2021

ECC is a common clinical manifestation of the oral cavity in childhood and Iron deficiency-anemia (IDA) is a high-risk factor but extrinsic black stain on the tooth surface is a protective factor for caries. There is limited information about oral microecological change in early children who suffer from ECC with IDA and extrinsic black stain (BS). This study enrolled 136 children aged 3-6 years. Dental caries and teeth BS were examined. Saliva was collected for 16S rRNA gene and fingertip blood were for Hemoglobin test. There are 93 ECC including 13 with IDA (IDA ECC) and 80 without IDA (NIDA ECC) and 43 caries free (CF) including 17 with BS (BSCF) and 26 without BS (NBS CF). Statistical analysis of microbiota data showed differences of the oral flora in different groups. The oral flora of the IDA ECC group had a high diversity, while the BSCF group had a low diversity. The bacterial genera Bacillus, Moraxella, and Rhodococcus were enriched in the IDA ECC while Neisseria was enriched in the NIDA ECC. Neisseria only exhibited high abundance in the BSCF, and the remaining genera exhibited high abundance in the NBSCF. Interestingly, the BSCF had the same trend as the NIDA ECC, and the opposite trend was observed with IDA ECC. We established random forest classifier using these biomarkers to predict disease outcomes. The random forest classifier achieved the best accuracy in predicting the outcome of caries, anemia and black stain using seven, one and eight biomarkers, respectively; and the accuracies of the classifiers were 93.35%, 94.62% and 95.23%, respectively. Our selected biomarkers can achieve good prediction, suggesting their potential clinical implications.
Trypanosome KKIP1 Dynamically Links the Inner Kinetochore to a Kinetoplastid Outer Kinetochore Complex
Authors: Brusini Lorenzo , D’Archivio Simon , McDonald Jennifer , Wickstead Bill
Published: March 2021

Kinetochores perform an essential role in eukaryotes, coupling chromosomes to the mitotic spindle. In model organisms they are composed of a centromere-proximal inner kinetochore and an outer kinetochore network that binds to microtubules. In spite of universal function, the composition of kinetochores in extant eukaryotes differs greatly. In trypanosomes and other Kinetoplastida, kinetochores are extremely divergent, with most components showing no detectable similarity to proteins in other systems. They may also be very different functionally, potentially binding to the spindle directly via an inner-kinetochore protein. However, we do not know the extent of the trypanosome kinetochore, and proteins interacting with a highly divergent Ndc80/Nuf2-like protein (KKIP1) suggest the existence of more centromere-distal complexes. Here we use quantitative proteomics from multiple start-points to define a stable 9-protein kinetoplastid outer kinetochore (KOK) complex. This complex incorporates proteins recruited from other nuclear processes, exemplifying the role of moonlighting proteins in kinetochore evolution. The outer kinetochore complex is physically distinct from inner-kinetochore proteins, but nanometer-scale label separation shows that KKIP1 bridges the two plates in the same orientation as Ndc80. Moreover, KKIP1 exhibits substantial elongation at metaphase, altering kinetochore structure in a manner consistent with pulling at the outer plate. Together, these data suggest that the KKIP1/KOK likely constitute the extent of the trypanosome outer kinetochore and that this assembly binds to the spindle with sufficient strength to stretch the kinetochore, showing design parallels may exist in organisms with very different kinetochore composition.
Neutralizing Antibodies to Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Among Survivors, Non-Survivors and Healthy Residents in South Korea
Authors: Yoo Jeong Rae , Kim Jae-Yong , Heo Sang Taek , Kim Jihye , Park Hyeong-Jun , Lee Joo-Yeon , Lim Hee-Young , Park Woo-Jung , Cho Nam-Hyuk , Kim Jung Mogg , Nam Jae-Hwan , Lee Keun Hwa
Published: March 2021

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a newly emerging tick-borne viral disease, has been detected in Asia since 2009, and person-to-person transmission is possible. SFTS is characterized by atypical signs, including mild to severe febrile illness similar to that associated with hemorrhagic fever, with 16.2 to 30% mortality. We found that the titers of neutralizing antibodies, play an important role in protective immunity, to SFTS virus (SFTSV) in survivors and healthy residents who lived in endemic areas and who were positive for SFTSV IgG, were higher than those in non-survivor patients. Moreover, the titers were maintained in surviving patients and healthy residents but not in non-surviving patients in South Korea.
Uranium Distribution and Incorporation Mechanism in Deep-Sea Corals: Implications for Seawater [CO32–] Proxies
Authors: Chen Sang , Littley Eloise F. M. , Rae James W. B. , Charles Christopher D. , Adkins Jess F.
Published: March 2021

A conservative element in seawater, uranium is readily incorporated into the aragonitic skeletons of scleractinian corals, making them an important paleoclimate archive that can be absolutely dated with U-Th techniques. In addition, uranium concentrations (U/Ca ratios) in corals have been suggested to be influenced by the temperature and/or carbonate ion concentration of the ambient seawater based on empirical calibrations. Microsampling techniques have revealed strong heterogeneities in U/Ca within individual specimens in both surface and deep-sea corals, suggesting a biological control on the U incorporation into the skeletons. Here we further explore the mechanism of uranium incorporation in coral skeletons with the deep-sea species Desmophyllum dianthus, an ideal test organism for the biomineralization processes due to its relatively constant growth environment. We find a negative correlation between bulk coral U/Ca and temperature as well as ambient pH and [CO32–] that is consistent with previous studies. By sampling the growth bands of individual corals, we also find a twofold change in U/Ca within individual corals that is strongly correlated with the δ18O, δ13C, and other Me/Ca ratios of the bands. A similar correlation between U/Ca and stable isotopes as well as other Me/Ca ratios are observed in bulk deep-sea coral samples. With a numerical coral calcification model, we interpret the U/Ca-stable isotope correlation as a result of changes in uranium speciation in response to internal pH elevations in the extracellular calcifying fluid (ECF) of the corals, and suggest that the Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq) complex, the dominant U species in seawater, may be the major species incorporated into the coral skeleton. Therefore, the correlation between U/Ca and ambient [CO32–] is likely a result of the response of the biomineralization process, especially the magnitude of internal pH elevation, to the growth environment of the corals. Our data suggest overall lower alkalinity pump rates in corals from low saturation seawater compared to those from high saturation seawater, and possible increases in Ca2+ supply from active pumping relative to seawater transport in response to the environmental stress of low saturation.
Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of mRNA and lncRNA of Ovaries in High and Low Egg Production Performance in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Mao Haiguang , Xu Xiuli , Cao Haiyue , Dong Xinyang , Zou Xiaoting , Xu Ningying , Yin Zhaozheng
Published: March 2021

Egg production performance is one of the most important economic traits in pigeon industry. However, little is known regarding how egg production performance is regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in pigeons. To evaluate the lncRNAs and mRNAs in ovaries associated with egg production performance in domestic pigeons, high-throughput RNA sequencing of ovaries between high and low egg production performance groups were performed and analyzed in this study. A total of 34,346 mRNAs and 24,601 lncRNAs were identified, including 14,525 known lncRNAs and 10,076 novel lncRNAs, of which 811 mRNAs and 148 lncRNAs (P < 0.05) were significantly differentially expressed (DE) between the groups of high and low egg production performance. GO and KEGG annotation analysis indicated that the target genes of DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were related to cell differentiation, ATP binding and methylation. Moreover, we found that FOXK2, a target gene of lncRNA MSTRG.7894.4, was involved in regulating estrogen receptors. Our study provided a catalog of lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with egg production performance, and they deserve further study to deepen the understanding of biological processes in the ovaries of pigeons.
The History of Gene Hunting in Hereditary Spinocerebellar Degeneration: Lessons From the Past and Future Perspectives
Authors: Yahia Ashraf , Stevanin Giovanni
Published: March 2021

Hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) encompasses an expanding list of rare diseases with a broad clinical and genetic heterogeneity, complicating their diagnosis and management in daily clinical practice. Correct diagnosis is a pillar for precision medicine, a branch of medicine that promises to flourish with the progressive improvements in studying the human genome. Discovering the genes causing novel Mendelian phenotypes contributes to precision medicine by diagnosing subsets of patients with previously undiagnosed conditions, guiding the management of these patients and their families, and enabling the discovery of more causes of Mendelian diseases. This new knowledge provides insight into the biological processes involved in health and disease, including the more common complex disorders. This review discusses the evolution of the clinical and genetic approaches used to diagnose hereditary SCD and the potential of new tools for future discoveries.
The Added Burden of Personality Disorder on Subsidized Australian Health Service Utilization Among Women With Mental State Disorder
Authors: Kavanagh Bianca E. , Gwini Stella M. , Pasco Julie A. , Stuart Amanda L. , Quirk Shae E. , Gaston James , Holloway-Kew Kara L. , Turner Alyna , Berk Michael , Dean Olivia M. , Chanen Andrew M. , Koivumaa-Honkanen Heli , Moran Paul , Borschmann Rohan , Williams Lana J.
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to investigate health service utilization among women with mental state disorder only (MSD-PD), mental state disorder plus personality disorder (MSD+PD), and controls in a population-based sample. Women (n = 635) from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study completed mental health assessments and were categorized into groups (MSD-PD, MSD+PD, controls). General practitioner (mental and non-mental health encounters) and specialized mental health service utilization was ascertained from data linkage to the Medicare Benefits Schedule, Australia (01/09/2008-31/12/2012). Negative binomial and binary logistic regression models were employed to assess health service utilization differences between groups. Results indicated that women with MSD+PD had more encounters of non-mental health service utilization than women with MSD-PD and controls. Age significantly modified these relationships: women with MSD+PD and MSD-PD had more encounters of health service utilization at midlife and in the seventh decade of life. No significant differences were found in the frequency of general practitioner mental health service utilization or specialized mental health service utilization between groups. These data suggest that the presence of co-occurring PD is associated with increased health service utilization among women with other common mental health problems. Healthcare providers should be vigilant to the presence of PD when establishing management plans with patients presenting with common mental health problems.
COVID-19—A Theory of Autoimmunity Against ACE-2 Explained
Authors: McMillan Philip , Dexhiemer Thomas , Neubig Richard R. , Uhal Bruce D.
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-COV-2 has cost many lives worldwide. In dealing with affected patients, the physician is faced with a very unusual pattern of organ damage that is not easily explained on the basis of prior knowledge of viral-induced pathogenesis. It is established that the main receptor for viral entry into tissues is the protein angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 [“ACE-2”, (1)]. In a recent publication (2), a theory of autoimmunity against ACE-2, and/or against the ACE-2/SARS-COV-2 spike protein complex or degradation products thereof, was proposed as a possible explanation for the unusual pattern of organ damage seen in COVID-19. In the light of more recent information, this manuscript expands on the earlier proposed theory and offers additional, testable hypotheses that could explain both the pattern and timeline of organ dysfunction most often observed in COVID-19.
Grass Carp Reovirus VP35 Degrades MAVS Through the Autophagy Pathway to Inhibit Fish Interferon Production
Authors: Lu Long-Feng , Zhang Can , Li Zhuo-Cong , Zhou Xiao-Yu , Jiang Jing-Yu , Chen Dandan , Zhang Yong-An , Li Shun
Published: March 2021

Fish interferon (IFN) is a crucial cytokine for a host to resist external pathogens, conferring cells with antiviral capacity. Meanwhile, grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a strong pathogen that causes high mortality in grass carp. Therefore, it is necessary to study the strategy used by GCRV to evade the cellular IFN response. In this study, we found that GCRV 35-kDa protein (VP35) inhibited the host IFN production by degrading mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein through the autophagy pathway. First, the overexpression of VP35 inhibited the IFN activation induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and MAVS, and the expression of downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) was also decreased by using VP35 under the stimulation. Second, VP35 interacted with MAVS; the experiments of truncated mutants of MAVS demonstrated that the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) and proline-rich (PRO) domains of MAVS were not necessary for this binding. Then, MAVS was degraded by using VP35 in a dose-dependent manner, and 3-MA (the autophagy pathway inhibitor) significantly blocked the degradation, meaning that MAVS was degraded by using VP35 in the autophagy pathway. The result of MAVS degradation suggested that the antiviral capacity of MAVS was remarkably depressed when interrupted by VP35. Finally, in the host cells, VP35 reduced ifn transcription and made the cells vulnerable to virus infection. In conclusion, our results reveal that GCRV VP35 impairs the host IFN response by degrading MAVS through the autophagy pathway, supplying evidence of a fish virus immune evasion strategy.
Lessons Learned From the Clinical Presentation of Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Janssen Lisanne M. A. , van der Flier Michiel , de Vries Esther
Published: March 2021

Background

Diagnostic delay in common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) is considerable. There is no generally accepted symptom-recognition framework for its early detection.

Objective

To systematically review all existing data on the clinical presentation of CVID.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane were searched for cohort studies, published January/1999-December/2019, detailing the clinical manifestations before, at and after the CVID-diagnosis.

Results

In 51 studies (n=8521 patients) 134 presenting and 270 total clinical manifestations were identified. Recurrent upper and/or lower respiratory infections were present at diagnosis in 75%. Many patients had suffered severe bacterial infections (osteomyelitis 4%, meningitis 6%, septicemia 8%, mastoiditis 8%). Bronchiectasis (28%), lymphadenopathy (27%), splenomegaly (13%), inflammatory bowel disease (11%), autoimmune cytopenia (10%) and idiopathic thrombocytopenia (6%) were also frequently reported. A bimodal sex distribution was found, with male predominance in children (62%) and female predominance in adults (58%). 25% of CVID-patients developed other manifestations besides infections in childhood, this percentage was much higher in adults (62%). Immune-dysregulation features, such as granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease and inflammatory bowel disease, were more prominent in adults.

Conclusions

The shift from male predominance in childhood to female predominance in adults suggests differences in genetic and environmental etiology in CVID and has consequences for pathophysiologic studies. We confirm the high frequency of respiratory infections at presentation, but also show a high incidence of severe bacterial infections such as sepsis and meningitis, and immune dysregulation features including lymphoproliferative, gastrointestinal and autoimmune manifestations. Early detection of CVID may be improved by screening for antibody deficiency in patients with these manifestations.
SARS-CoV-2 Proteome-Wide Analysis Revealed Significant Epitope Signatures in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Schwarz Tatjana , Heiss Kirsten , Mahendran Yuvaraj , Casilag Fiordiligie , Kurth Florian , Sander Leif E. , Wendtner Clemens-Martin , Hoechstetter Manuela A. , Müller Marcel A. , Sekul Renate , Drosten Christian , Stadler Volker , Corman Victor M.
Published: March 2021

The WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. The causative agent of this acute respiratory disease is a newly emerged coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, which originated in China in late 2019. Exposure to SARS−CoV−2 leads to multifaceted disease outcomes from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress and potentially death. Understanding the host immune response is crucial for the development of interventional strategies. Humoral responses play an important role in defending viral infections and are therefore of particular interest. With the aim to resolve SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immune responses at the epitope level, we screened clinically well-characterized sera from COVID-19 patients with mild and severe disease outcome using high-density peptide microarrays covering the entire proteome of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we determined the longevity of epitope-specific antibody responses in a longitudinal approach. Here we present IgG and IgA-specific epitope signatures from COVID-19 patients, which may serve as discriminating prognostic or predictive markers for disease outcome and/or could be relevant for intervention strategies.
Modification of EBV Associated Lymphomagenesis and Its Immune Control by Co-Infections and Genetics in Humanized Mice
Authors: Schuhmachers Patrick , Münz Christian
Published: March 2021

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most successful pathogens in humans with more than 95% of the human adult population persistently infected. EBV infects only humans and threatens these with its potent growth transforming ability that readily allows for immortalization of human B cells in culture. Accordingly, it is also found in around 1-2% of human tumors, primarily lymphomas and epithelial cell carcinomas. Fortunately, however, our immune system has learned to control this most transforming human tumor virus in most EBV carriers, and it requires modification of EBV associated lymphomagenesis and its immune control by either co-infections, such as malaria, Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or genetic predispositions for EBV positive tumors to emerge. Some of these can be modelled in humanized mice that, therefore, provide a valuable platform to test curative immunotherapies and prophylactic vaccines against these EBV associated pathologies.