bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Citizen science in K–12 school‐based learning settings
Authors: Pizzolato Larissa A. V. , Tsuji Leonard J. S.
Published: May 2022

Citizen science, or the public participation in scientific research, is a mechanism for student engagement, and co‐creation of knowledge in the scientific research process. Through participation in citizen science initiatives within school‐based learning environments, students can gain field experience, direct project scope, and contribute to broader research objectives while simultaneously achieving learning outcomes and fostering connections to their local communities. To capture the breadth and scope of existing citizen science initiatives applied in Kindergarten–Grade 12 schools, a systematic mapping exercise was undertaken to evaluate common themes related to the type of activities students participated in (i.e., the collection, transcription, categorization, and analysis of data), along with their level of participation in the citizen science initiatives (i.e., crowdsourcing, distributed intelligence, participatory science, and extreme citizen science). Of the 77 manuscripts extracted in the systematic map, nearly all (67/77) involved data collection, and a significant proportion of manuscripts captured a distributed intelligence level of participation (56/77).
How do we obtain and maintain patient blood management certification?
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Blanton Kim , Gilstad Colleen , Hong Hong , Nichols Tracie , Putnam Hannah , Marinaro Liz , Segura Teresa , Tay Sulyn , Bocquet Christopher
Published: May 2022

Background

The creation of a patient blood management (PBM) certification program by The Joint Commission (TJC) and Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB) provides validation of an existing PBM program.

Materials and Methods

A team of subject matter experts in PBM formed a working group to develop a structured approach to guide PBM programs through the PBM certification. Program challenges and metrics were reviewed.

Results

Initial steps to establishing PBM certification include a multidisciplinary working group and hospital administration buy‐in. Development of policies and procedures individualized to the facility will standardize practice. An institutional transfusion committee can provide PBM oversight including enforcing compliance. Using resources such as TJC and AABB standards and tools including electronic medical records (EMR) can track and trend hospital PBM performance and identify improvement opportunities. A gap analysis tool helps implementation. Challenges might include maintaining a PBM program during a merger, slow responsiveness of information systems (IS) to requests, PBM education for both the Transfusion Safety Officer (TSO) and hospital staff with constant turnover. Available metrics from one hospital system showed good compliance with transfusion thresholds (average all products: 97.9%, 2019, 2020). In 2020, through educational efforts the cost savings were $124,856.70 compared to 2019. Regarding single unit transfusion of RBCs, this was 62.25% (2019), 63.75% (2020), 72.00% (2021), and surpassed the target goal of 60%.

Conclusions

Obtaining PBM certification highlights the success of an institution's PBM program. Facilities that have achieved PBM certification have seen significant reductions in transfusions and considerable cost savings.
Influence of barbed suture oversew of the transverse staple line during functional end‐to‐end stapled anastomosis in a canine jejunal enterectomy model
Authors: Duffy Daniel J. , Chang Yi‐Jen , Moore George E.
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate the influence of barbed suture oversew of the transverse staple line during functional end‐to‐end stapled anastomosis (FEESA) in dogs.

Study design

Randomized, experimental, ex vivo.

Animals or sample population

Grossly normal jejunal segments from 14 adult canine cadavers.

Methods

Ninety‐eight jejunal segments (n = 14/FEESA group, n = 14 controls) were harvested and randomly assigned to a control group, FEESA + monofilament suture oversew, FEESA + unidirectional barbed suture oversew or FEESA + bidirectional barbed suture oversew. Oversew techniques were performed using a Cushing suture pattern. Initial (ILP) and maximum leakage pressure (MLP), repair time (s), and location of observed leakage were recorded.

Results

No differences were detected in ILP (p = .439) or MLP (p = .644) respectively between experimental groups. Repairs times using barbed suture were ~ 18% faster (~25 s faster; p < .001) compared to monofilament suture. There was no difference between barbed suture types (p = .697). Mean ILP (p < .001) and MLP (p < .0001) were 6.6x and 5.1x greater respectively in the control group. Leakage location occurred predominately at the crotch of the FEESA in all groups.

Conclusion

FEESAs closed with a transverse staple line oversew using barbed suture, regardless of barb orientation, were completed faster and resulted in similar resistance to anastomotic leakage compared to monofilament suture.

Clinical significance

Oversewing the transverse staple line following FEESA using barbed suture offers similar resistance to anastomotic leakage, and may be associated with decreased surgical times in dogs compared to monofilament suture. Further studies are necessary to determine the benefits of barbed suture use in both open and laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgical applications following FEESA in dogs.
Overcoming perioperative inflammation as a hurdle for successful preclinical orthotopic cardiac xenogeneic transplantations – particular in regard of the mandatory use of heart‐lung machines
Authors: Bender Martin , Längin Matthias , Reichart Bruno , Mokelke Maren , Radan Julia , Neumann Elisabeth , Michel Sebastian , Ellgass Reinhard , Cowan Peter J. , Wolf Eckhard , Abicht Jan‐Michael , Brenner Paolo
Published: May 2022

Introduction

After orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation, the combination of both the inflammatory responses to the exposure of a recipient to the xenogeneic organ and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass has been assumed to cause detrimental side effects. These have been described not only to affect the transplanted organ (heart) itself, but also the recipient's lungs. In this article, we summarize how these possible detrimental processes can be minimized or even avoided.

Methods

Data from eight pig‐to‐baboon orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation experiments were analyzed with a special focus on early (within the first week) postoperative organ dysfunction and systemic inflammatory responses. Non‐ischemic heart preservation and the careful management of the heart‐lung machine were deemed essential to guarantee not only the immediate function of the transplanted xenogeneic organ but also the prompt recovery of the recipient.

Results

After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, very low catecholamine amounts were needed to ensure an adequate pump function and cardiac output. Central venous oxygen saturation and serum lactate levels remained within normal ranges. All animals were successfully weaned from ventilation within the first postoperative hours. Serum parameters of the transplants and native kidneys and livers were initially slightly elevated or always normal, as were hemoglobin, LDH, and platelet measurements. Markers of systemic inflammation, C‐reactive protein, and IL‐6 were slightly elevated, but the reactions caused no lasting damage.

Conclusion

Consistent short‐term and long‐term results were achieved after orthotopic cardiac pig‐to‐baboon transplantation without detrimental inflammatory responses or signs of multiorgan failure. In comparison to allogeneic procedures, non‐ischemic heart preservation was important for successful immediate organ function, as was the management of the heart‐lung machine. Thus, we believe that genetically modified porcine hearts are ready for use in the clinical setting.
Laboratory-based toxicity of scale insect pathogen Moelleriella raciborskii (Zimm.) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) crude extracts and isolated compounds against Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Buttachon Suradet , May Zin War War , Himaman Winanda , Sinchayakul Pabhop , Kijjoa Anake
Published: May 2022

Tetranychus truncatus is a phytophagous spider mite that is one of the economic pests of agricultural and economic crops. Its control has been and still is based mainly on the use of chemical controls. Since pesticides compatibility with natural enemies is a main concern for IPM programs, the aim of this study was carried out to explore the toxicity, repellency, oviposition deterrent and eggs hatching inhibition of crude ethyl acetate extract of Moelleriella raciborskii and their secondary metabolites against adults and eggs of T. truncatus. The results indicated that M. raciborskii crude extract at 5% (w/v) had high contact toxicity (89% mortality) on adult females of T. truncatus. The LC50 value was 1.476%, 1.026 and 0.732% after 24, 48 and 72 h posttreatment. Among the two steroidal and two hopane triterpenes separated from the ethyl acetate extract, 3β-acetoxy-15α,22-dihydroxyhopane was identified as the most active compound with LC50 values of 0.232% (w/v), followed by ergosterol, ergosterol 5, 8-endoperoxide with LC50 values of 0.235% and 0.318% at 72 h posttreatment, respectively. In addition, 3β-acetoxy-15α,22-dihydroxyhopane showed strong repellency (70.19%) and ergosterol and ergosterol 5, 8-endoperoxide decreased egg production of T. truncatus by 70.35 and 67.98%, respectively. Strong oviposition deterrent (ODI=100) was noted when 0.5% (w/v) crude extract was applied on half of the leaf disc. The crude ethyl acetate extract of M. raciborskii could have potential for the development of novel acaricides to control T. truncatus for use in an integrated pest management program.
The Effects of a Physical Education Intervention Program on the Bone Properties of Second- and Third-Grade Pupils: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Goldstein Ester , Rosenstreich Eyal , Arnon Michal , Shoval Ella
Published: May 2022

Background: Many young children do not participate in sufficient physical activity for promoting optimal bone growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of young children who participated in a school-based intervention program on bone properties. The program included structured physical activity, with a focus on the application of mechanical loads on the upper and lower limbs. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which classes were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. A total of 295 (50.17% girls) children from the second and third grades from 12 classes in Israel were randomly allocated to an intervention consisting of three 10-minute weekly medium- to high-intensity activities throughout one academic year or to a treatment as usual control group. Bone properties were measured at the distal radius and tibia shaft using speed of sound, before and after the intervention. Results: Distal radius properties improved significantly for both boys and girls in the intervention group (boys: meanpre = 3769.95, meanpost = 3875.08, Δ = 2.80%; girls: meanpre = 3766.27, meanpost = 3890.83, Δ = 3.30%; d = 1.03); whereas, tibia shaft properties only significantly improved for boys (meanpre = 3663.98, meanpost = 3732.75, Δ = 1.90%; d = 1). Conclusions: These findings indicate that distal radius properties of children can be positively affected by a short, easy to implement intervention program that does not require special resources.
Characterization of photoinduced normal state through charge density wave in superconducting YBa
2
Cu
3
O
6.67
Authors: Jang Hoyoung , Song Sanghoon , Kihara Takumi , Liu Yijin , Lee Sang-Jun , Park Sang-Youn , Kim Minseok , Kim Hyeong-Do , Coslovich Giacomo , Nakata Suguru , Kubota Yuya , Inoue Ichiro , Tamasaku Kenji , Yabashi Makina , Lee Heemin , Song Changyong , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Keimer Bernhard , Kao Chi-Chang , Lee Jun-Sik
Published: May 2022

The normal state of high-
T
c
cuprates has been considered one of the essential topics in high-temperature superconductivity research. However, compared to the high magnetic field study of it, understanding a photoinduced normal state remains elusive. Here, we explore a photoinduced normal state of YBa
2
Cu
3
O
6.67
through a charge density wave (CDW) with time-resolved resonant soft x-ray scattering, as well as a high magnetic field x-ray scattering. In the nonequilibrium state where people predict a quenched superconducting state based on the previous optical spectroscopies, we experimentally observed a similar analogy to the competition between superconductivity and CDW shown in the equilibrium state. We further observe that the broken pairing states in the superconducting CuO
2
plane via the optical pump lead to nucleation of three-dimensional CDW precursor correlation. Ultimately, these findings provide a critical clue that the characteristics of the photoinduced normal state show a solid resemblance to those under magnetic fields in equilibrium conditions.
Genetic variance in fitness indicates rapid contemporary adaptive evolution in wild animals
Authors: Bonnet Timothée , Morrissey Michael B. , de Villemereuil Pierre , Alberts Susan C. , Arcese Peter , Bailey Liam D. , Boutin Stan , Brekke Patricia , Brent Lauren J. N. , Camenisch Glauco , Charmantier Anne , Clutton-Brock Tim H. , Cockburn Andrew , Coltman David W. , Courtiol Alexandre , Davidian Eve , Evans Simon R. , Ewen John G. , Festa-Bianchet Marco , de Franceschi Christophe , Gustafsson Lars , Höner Oliver P. , Houslay Thomas M. , Keller Lukas F. , Manser Marta , McAdam Andrew G. , McLean Emily , Nietlisbach Pirmin , Osmond Helen L. , Pemberton Josephine M. , Postma Erik , Reid Jane M. , Rutschmann Alexis , Santure Anna W. , Sheldon Ben C. , Slate Jon , Teplitsky Céline , Visser Marcel E. , Wachter Bettina , Kruuk Loeske E. B.
Published: May 2022

The rate of adaptive evolution, the contribution of selection to genetic changes that increase mean fitness, is determined by the additive genetic variance in individual relative fitness. To date, there are few robust estimates of this parameter for natural populations, and it is therefore unclear whether adaptive evolution can play a meaningful role in short-term population dynamics. We developed and applied quantitative genetic methods to long-term datasets from 19 wild bird and mammal populations and found that, while estimates vary between populations, additive genetic variance in relative fitness is often substantial and, on average, twice that of previous estimates. We show that these rates of contemporary adaptive evolution can affect population dynamics and hence that natural selection has the potential to partly mitigate effects of current environmental change.
Where rivers jump course
Authors: Brooke Sam , Chadwick Austin J. , Silvestre Jose , Lamb Michael P. , Edmonds Douglas A. , Ganti Vamsi
Published: May 2022

Rivers can abruptly shift pathways in rare events called avulsions, which cause devastating floods. The controls on avulsion locations are poorly understood as a result of sparse data on such features. We analyzed nearly 50 years of satellite imagery and documented 113 avulsions across the globe that indicate three distinct controls on avulsion location. Avulsions on fans coincide with valley-confinement change, whereas avulsions on deltas are primarily clustered within the backwater zone, indicating a control by spatial flow deceleration or acceleration during floods. However, 38% of avulsions on deltas occurred upstream of backwater effects. These events occurred in steep, sediment-rich rivers in tropical and desert environments. Our results indicate that avulsion location on deltas is set by the upstream extent of flood-driven erosion, which is typically limited to the backwater zone but can extend far upstream in steep, sediment-laden rivers. Our findings elucidate how avulsion hazards might respond to land use and climate change.
Bioinformatic prospecting and synthesis of a bifunctional lipopeptide antibiotic that evades resistance
Authors: Wang Zongqiang , Koirala Bimal , Hernandez Yozen , Zimmerman Matthew , Brady Sean F.
Published: May 2022

Emerging resistance to currently used antibiotics is a global public health crisis. Because most of the biosynthetic capacity within the bacterial kingdom has remained silent in previous antibiotic discovery efforts, uncharacterized biosynthetic gene clusters found in bacterial genome–sequencing studies remain an appealing source of antibiotics with distinctive modes of action. Here, we report the discovery of a naturally inspired lipopeptide antibiotic called cilagicin, which we chemically synthesized on the basis of a detailed bioinformatic analysis of the
cil
biosynthetic gene cluster. Cilagicin’s ability to sequester two distinct, indispensable undecaprenyl phosphates used in cell wall biosynthesis, together with the absence of detectable resistance in laboratory tests and among multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, makes it an appealing candidate for combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Remote control of the heart and beyond
Authors: Zimmermann Wolfram-Hubertus
Published: May 2022

A resorbable closed-loop sensor-actuator implant can temporarily control heart rate
Catalyst-controlled site-selective methylene C–H lactonization of dicarboxylic acids
Authors: Chan Hau Sun Sam , Yang Ji-Min , Yu Jin-Quan
Published: May 2022

Catalyst-controlled site-selective activation of β- and γ-methylene carbon-hydrogen (C–H) bonds of free carboxylic acids is a long-standing challenge. Here we show that, with a pair of palladium catalysts assembled with quinoline-pyridone ligands of different chelate ring sizes, it is possible to perform highly site-selective monolactonization reactions with a wide range of dicarboxylic acids, generating structurally diverse and synthetically useful γ- and δ-lactones via site-selective β- or γ-methylene C–H activation. The remaining carboxyl group serves as a versatile linchpin for further synthetic applications, as demonstrated by the total synthesis of two natural products, myrotheciumone A and pedicellosine, from abundant dicarboxylic acids.
Falling star
Authors: Moutinho Sofia , Escobar Herton
Published: May 2022

It was a source of pride for decades. But Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research is rapidly losing funding, brains—and hope
Single-Fluorescence ATP Sensor Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Reveals Role of Antibiotic-Induced ATP Perturbation in Mycobacterial Killing
Authors: Liang Lujie , Lin Daixi , Chen Yishen , Li Jiachen , Liang Wanfei , Zhao Hui , Luo Wenji , Tian Guo-bao , Feng Siyuan
Published: May 2022

Bioenergetics has emerged as a new paradigm for antituberculosis (anti-TB) drug discovery, and the cellular ATP level is the core indicator reflecting bacterial metabolic homeostasis. Although several bulk assays have been designed for the measurement of cellular ATP content, a more convenient strategy is required for real-time ATP measurement of single viable cells.
Tissue-Specific Expression of Neurexin-1α Isoforms in Rat Organs
Authors: Serova O. V. , Gantsova E. A. , Deyev I. E. , Petrenko A. G.
Published: May 2022

Abstract—

Neurexins are a family of synaptic adhesion proteins that play a key role in synapse formation and maintenance. Neurexins undergo extensive alternative splicing at six sites (SS1–SS6) resulting in expression of multiplicity of different isoforms. Alternative splicing regulates the functional activity of neurexins in different types of tissues and cells and presumably plays a key role in determining the specificity of the interaction of various neurons. In this study, we have investigated the pattern of tissue expression of neurexin-1α mRNA isoforms including an insert in the recently discovered splice site SS6 using TaqMan Real-Time PCR in different organs of  Wistar rats. The isoform containing the insert in the SS6 site was found only in neural tissues suggesting its potential functional importance. Position of the SS6 insert in the hinge region between the LNS5 and LNS6 domains increases variability of possible conformations of the molecule which may represent an additional mechanism for regulating functional activity of the neurexin-1α in the brain.
Bufalin stimulates antitumor immune response by driving tumor-infiltrating macrophage toward M1 phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yu Zhuo , Li Yuyao , Li Yue , Zhang Jinghao , Li Man , Ji Longshan , Tang Yifei , Zheng Yanxi , Sheng Jianguo , Han Qiucheng , Li Fu , Guo Jianfeng , Wang Lingtai , Sun Xuehua , Gao Yueqiu , Feng Hai
Published: May 2022

Background

Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits limited clinical efficacy due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-infiltrating macrophages (TIMs) account for the major component in the TME, and the dominance of M2 phenotype over M1 phenotype in the TIMs plays the pivotal role in sustaining the immunosuppressive character. We thus investigate the effect of bufalin on promoting TIMs polarization toward M1 phenotype to improve HCC immunotherapy.

Methods

The impact of bufalin on evoking antitumor immune response was evaluated in the immunocompetent mouse HCC model. The expression profiling of macrophage-associated genes, surface markers and cytokines on bufalin treatment in vitro and in vivo were detected using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, ELISA and RT-qPCR. Cell signaling involved in M1 macrophage polarization was identified via the analysis of gene sequencing, and bufalin-governed target was explored by immunoprecipitation, western blot analysis and gain-and-loss of antitumor immune response. The combination of bufalin and antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) antibody was also assessed in orthotopic HCC mouse model.

Results

In this study, we showed that bufalin can function as an antitumor immune modulator that governs the polarization of TIMs from tumor-promoting M2 toward tumor-inhibitory M1, which induces HCC suppression through the activation of effector T cell immune response. Mechanistically, bufalin inhibits overexpression of p50 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) factor, leading to the predominance of p65-p50 heterodimers over p50 homodimers in the nuclei. The accumulation of p65-p50 heterodimers activates NF-κB signaling, which is responsible for the production of immunostimulatory cytokines, thus resulting in the activation of antitumor T cell immune response. Moreover, bufalin enhances the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 antibody, and the combination exerts synergistic effect on HCC suppression.

Conclusions

These data expound a novel antitumor mechanism of bufalin, and facilitate exploitation of a new potential macrophage-based HCC immunotherapeutic modality.
Post-hatch changes in the histological structure of the oviduct and associated 17β-estradiol profiles in guinea hens (Numida meleagris)
Authors: Abdul-Rahman Ibn Iddriss , Robinson Jane
Published: May 2022

There are limited data available on the biology of guinea fowls. The objective of this study was to document post-hatch histological and stereological changes in the oviducts of 56 guinea hens and associated 17β-estradiol profiles until 32 weeks of age and to explore changes in the oviducal mucosal fold as an index of oviducal growth. Mucosal folds in all regions of the oviduct increased significantly ( P < 0.0001) from 4 to 28 weeks of age. Concentrations of plasma 17β-estradiol increased from 20 to 28 weeks of age, when it stabilized. Mucosal folds in the oviducts of sexually active hens were highest in the uterine region and lowest in the infundibular lip. Intercorrelations among 17β-estradiol concentration, height of mucosal folds, and oviducal weight were strong and positive in these birds. Most of the oviduct epithelium consisted of pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium. Both the height of oviducal folds and peripheral estradiol concentrations increased significantly from 20 to 28 weeks of age, which confirms the role of estradiol in oviducal growth in the avian species. The height of oviducal mucosal folds appears to be a good measure of oviducal growth.
Ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.) competition is not intensified by drought in silage corn in central New York State, USA
Authors: Averill Kristine M. , Morris Scott H. , Westbrook Anna S. , Hunter Mitch C. , DiTommaso Antonio
Published: May 2022

Ivyleaf morningglory (IMG, Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.) is a summer annual vine that is native to the Americas and invasive globally. This species decreases field crop yields through competition and interference with harvesting. Here, we explore the potential of IMG to compete with silage corn ( Zea mays L.) in New York State, USA. In a 2-year field study, we measured silage yield at five IMG planting densities (0–8 plants m−2) under no-drought conditions and a drought treatment established with rainout shelters. Volumetric water content was 26%–28% lower in the drought treatment than the no-drought treatment. Drought reduced fresh corn silage yield ( P = 0.003). Fresh silage yield was 21 600 ± 700 kg ha−1 in the no-drought treatment in 2016, 19 100 ± 900 kg ha−1 in the drought treatment in 2016, 30 500 ± 900 kg ha−1 in the no-drought treatment in 2017, and 28 200 ± 700 kg ha−1 in the drought treatment in 2017. Silage yield was not strongly responsive to IMG density, regardless of drought. These data suggest that the risk of corn silage yield losses due to IMG is relatively low in New York State and unlikely to be affected by drought. The risk posed by IMG may differ in other cropping systems or regions and under climate change.
Relativistic Landau–Aharonov–Casher quantization of a Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau spinless boson with Lorentz violation
Authors: Zare Soroush , Hassanabadi Hassan , de Montigny Marc
Published: May 2022

We discuss the relativistic Landau–Aharonov–Casher quantization for a neutral spin-zero boson particle by incorporating a new nonminimal coupling associated with the effect of the Lorentz symmetry violation. The spinless boson is described by the generalized Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau equation, with various central potentials induced by the Lorentz symmetry violation term through the interaction of a space-like fixed vector and electric field in curvilinear space–time. We discuss the effect of the Lorentz symmetry violation on the bosons for those special potentials. We also obtain analytically the corresponding relativistic Landau–Aharonov–Casher quantization related to this system.
Relativistic tunneling time under the generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Deng Lin-Fang , Zhang He-Yao , Long Chao-Yun
Published: May 2022

The one-dimensional Dirac equation is studied for square-well potential in the presence of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). Based on the exact solution, the general and explicit relation between the phase time and the dwell time is given and quantified. The phase time, dwell time and self-interference delay are calculated as well and it is shown that the GUP has effects on the tunneling time. Moreover, the effect of GUP on the tunneling time showed a slight change with the change of mass, and goes to zero with the increase of kinetic energy.
Plants Disease Image Classification Based on Lightweight Convolution Neural Networks
Authors: Liao Lili , Li Bo , Tang Jinhong
Published: May 2022

Plants diseases is a major threat to agricultural production. Reduced yield due to plant diseases can lead to immeasurable economic losses. Therefore, the detection and classification of plant diseases are of great significance. Most of the existing plant disease detection methods focus on improving the identification accuracy. However, besides accuracy, real-time performance cannot be ignored. In this paper, a new module named 2-way residual dense layer is presented to effectively decrease the number of parameters in our network. In this module, depth separable convolution is introduced, which reduces the amount of parameter calculation and achieves a performance of over 98%. Our network is verified by an open dataset which includes 4503 images from four classes, including Mango, Arjun, Alstonia Scholaris, Guava, Bael, Jamun, Jatropha, Pongamia Pinnata, Basil, Pomegranate, Lemon, and Chinar. The leaf images of these plants have healthy and diseased condition. The experimental results showed that this method can be practically applied to the identification of plant leaf diseases and provide a basis for the identification of other leaf diseases.
SEPARATION PROPERTIES FOR BI-LIPSCHITZ ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEMS
Authors: ZHU ZHIYONG
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we study the iterated function systems (IFSs) consisting of bi-Lipschitz mappings instead of conformal contractions, focusing on IFSs that do not satisfy the open set condition. We define a weak* separation condition (W*SC), which is strictly weaker than the weak separation condition of Lau and Ngai. By assuming the bounded distortion property, we show that the W*SC is equivalent to the identity limit criterion of Zerner for such IFSs. In particular, in the one-dimensional case, we show that the W*SC is also equivalent to Ahlfors–David regularity, the Assouad dimension is strictly less than [Formula: see text] and positivity of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Hausdorff measure, where [Formula: see text] is the zero of the topological pressure.
Effect of Donor-to-Acceptor Ratio on Optical, Electrical Properties and Parameters of Hybrid Solar Cell
Authors: Mohammed Kahtan A. , Ziadan Kareema M. , AL-Kabbi Alaa S.
Published: May 2022

There has been a recent uptick in interest in hybrid solar cells, which use polymeric organic materials with semiconductor nanoparticles in the active layer. In this paper, hybrid material is prepared by physical mixing of tri-ethanol amine capped CdSe CdSe-TEA nanoparticles with poly([Formula: see text]-toluidine). Material properties of organic-inorganic hybrid materials can be tuned by changing the ratio between them. The optical properties of the hybrid compound were evaluated through ultra-violate–visible spectroscopy UV–Vis. The influence of CdSe nanoparticles weight percent on the electrical properties of hybrid thin films has been investigated. The conductivity of the hybrid films increases with the increasing CdSe content, and then decreases with excess CdSe content.
Spectra of M-bicone product of graphs
Authors: Pavithra R. , Rajkumar R.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we introduce a graph product, namely, [Formula: see text]-bicone product and determine the generalized characteristic polynomial of the graphs obtained from this product. Consequently, we obtain the characteristic polynomial of the adjacency matrix, the Laplacian matrix and the signless Laplacian matrix of this graph. Also, from these results, we obtain the [Formula: see text]-spectra of some families of bicone product of graphs. As an application, we obtain infinite pairs of [Formula: see text]-cospectral graphs.
New approach towards different bi-base of ordered b-semiring
Authors: Palanikumar M. , Arulmozhi K. , Jana Chiranjibe , Pal Madhumangal , Shum K. P.
Published: May 2022

The hypothesis of an ordered b-semiring provides a characterization of semiring and ordered semiring in this paper. We have attempted to investigate the Type-1 bi-ideal, Type-2 bi-ideal, Type-1 bi-base and Type-2 bi-base over ordered b-semiring in detail. Some of their characterizations are obtained through Type-1 bi-base and Type-2 bi-base. Let [Formula: see text] be a Type-1 (Type-2) bi-base of ordered b-semiring and [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] but not [Formula: see text], nor [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], nor [Formula: see text]). We introduce the notions of one-quasi order and two-quasi order on an ordered [Formula: see text]-semiring to interact with Type-1 and Type-2 bi-bases generated by element and subset. With the help of some examples, we have shown that Type-1 bi-base and Type-2 bi-base have partial order.
On a generalization of condition (E)
Authors: Maskoni Zahra Jafari , Golchin Akbar , Saany Hossein Mohammadzadeh
Published: May 2022

Golchin and Renshaw in [A flatness property of acts over monoid, Conf. Semigroup, University of St. Andrews, 1998, pp. 72–77] introduced Condition [Formula: see text] which is a generalization of Condition (P) and showed that Condition [Formula: see text] implies weak flatness, but not the converse. In [A. Golchin and H. Mohammadzadeh, On homological classification of monoids by Condition [Formula: see text] of right acts, Italian J. Pure Appl. Math. 25 (2009) 175–186] characterized monoids by this condition of their acts. In this paper, we first introduce Condition [Formula: see text], which is a generalization of Condition (E) and then give a characterization of monoids by this condition of their (cyclic, Rees factor) acts. Also, we give a necessary and sufficient condition under which Condition [Formula: see text] coincides with Condition (P) (respectively, pullback flatness, strong flatness) of acts. Furthermore, many known results are generalized.
Strategies for the Improvement of Hydrogen Physisorption in Metal-Organic Frameworks and Advantages of Flexibility for the Enhancement
Authors: Halder Arijit , Ghoshal Debajyoti
Published: May 2022

To overcome the environmental issues arising from the burning of fossil fuel, an alternative effective source of energy is required. Hydrogen energy is one such alternative which can pave the purpose of interest. For a successive replacement of fossil fuel by hydrogen energy, hydrogen storing, especially in a vehicular system, is highly required and it is still a major challenge. A wide range of materials have been used for hydrogen storing. Metal-organic framework is one of them, which have been studied extensively both from academic and industrial viewpoint. These studies show that several metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have excellent physisorption ability but normally at a very low temperature. To improve this at ambient conditions, various strategies have been introduced so far for MOFs, although an important aspect of external stimuli-responsive flexible or dynamic frameworks, have not been studied systematically. There are various advantages of the use of dynamic MOFs for hydrogen physisorption and sometimes helpful to overcome socio-economical barrier connected to this alternative energy source. In this highlight, prior strategies to improve hydrogen storage in MOF with special importance on external stimuli-responsive flexible MOF and their perspective importance in hydrogen storage have been discussed.
An engineering geological suitability comprehensive evaluation index (EGSCEI) for large-scale infrastructure site selection
Authors: Yang Peng , Shang Yanjun , Li Yanyan , Li Kun
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this paper is to present a quantitative method for evaluating the engineering geological suitability of potential sites in order to select the optimal site for large-scale infrastructure. Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation decision method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), an engineering geological suitability comprehensive evaluation index (EGSCEI) model was applied in the selection of a site for the construction of the China Initiative Accelerator-Driven System (CiADS) and the High-Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). In this model, seven parameters, including land use, geomorphology, geological structure, lithology, hydrogeology, geological disaster and rock weathering, were selected as the evaluation factors. The factor evaluation matrices were established, and the weight vector of the seven factors was determined using the AHP. The engineering geological suitability fuzzy comprehensive evaluation vectors were then computed. Finally, according to the normalized engineering geological suitability comprehensive evaluation vectors and the quantified evaluation ranking vector, the EGSCEI values were calculated. As a result, site No. 3 was evaluated as the most optimal site of the three potential sites for the construction of the CiADS and HIAF. The result was adopted by the Chinese government, and site No. 3 became the selected location. This case study shows that the EGSCEI model is scientific, reasonable and applicable in providing a reference for similar large-scale infrastructure site selection.
An Efficient Method for Online Detection of DRDoS Attacks on UDP-Based Services in SDN Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Akbari Kohnehshahri Mitra , Mohammadi Reza , Abdoli Hatam , Nassiri Mohammad
Published: May 2022

With advances in mobile devices and systems and the emergence of new ideas such as cloud computing and big data, as well as the tremendous growth in the number of network users, the need to modify the current network architectures has been very much in the foreground in recent years. One of the promising solutions to overcome these challenges is software-defined networking (SDN). SDN is a unique innovative architecture in which network control and traffic flows are independent of each other and planned directly. The SDN’s focused view of networks is more comprehensive than other methods, which is why SDN is more efficient in coping with malicious attacks including amplification attacks. The response to amplification of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks is larger than the request. In an amplification attack, the attacker fakes the victim’s address as the source address and the responses are forwarded to the victim instead of the attacker. This is why these attacks are more difficult to discover in traditional networks, while the focused method of SDN can contribute to the detection of such attacks. There are different methods for detecting these attacks, one of which is to use machine learning (ML) algorithms. In line with this, the present paper is aimed at the detection of distributed reflection denial of service (DRDoS) attacks using ML algorithms. Simulation was performed by the use of ML algorithms, and the findings suggest a significant improvement in the detection of DRDoS attacks in comparison with previous methods.
Evaluation of High-Quality Development of Manufacturing Industry Using a Novel Grey Dynamic Double Incentive Decision-Making Model
Authors: Yu Peng , Yang Yingjie , Ma Heng , Mba David
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a novel grey dynamic double incentive decision-making model to evaluate the high-quality development of manufacturing industry. First, we define the concepts of the improved grey incidence analysis and power weight Heronian aggregation (PWHA) operator. Then, we present the double incentive factors and determine incentive static evaluation values. In addition, we construct the weight vector of the time series. Guided by the incentive static evaluation values and weight vector of the time series, the dynamic evaluation values are produced. Finally, a practical example of the manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) demonstrates the effectiveness and application of the proposed model.
A Novel Virtual Voltage Comparison Compensation for Dynamic Voltage Restorer
Authors: Xu Jie , Niu Pengcheng
Published: May 2022

In view of the high-quality requirements of the power supply quality of the user-side sensitive equipment, the system for voltage sag in the grid operation is stable and efficient. This paper proposes a new virtual voltage comparison compensation dynamic voltage recovery method. The algorithm that uses the invariant constant signal as the input quantity, and the real-side input load side signal reduces the influence of the input quantity uncertainty change on the generated compensation signal and improves the simplicity of the system operation control and the system stability. The flexibility of the proposed control strategy, as well as the effectiveness of the optimal design method, is verified by both simulation and experimental results.
The Network Transmission Path Risk Assessment and Application of Chemical Substances in Toys
Authors: Zhang Sainan , Ning Yuncai
Published: May 2022

Through the analysis of the risk transmission mechanism of chemical substances in toys, this paper identifies risk sources, transmission carriers, key nodes, and risk recipients, and draws a risk transmission path diagram. Taking the risk factors in the supply chain system as the research subject, this paper constructs a risk index system for chemical substances’ limit in toys, and calculates the probability of risk and the degree of influence by the fuzzy evaluation method. Based on the Bayesian network model, this paper analyzes the causality of risk transmission effects. Through the comprehensive use of fuzzy evaluation and Bayesian network methods, a relatively complete chemical substance risk transmission path assessment system has been established using China’s Guangdong toy companies as the data store to provide a feasible basis for responding to the risk control measures of toxic and hazardous chemical substances in toys.
Application of an Improved LSTM Model to Emotion Recognition
Authors: Li Yuan
Published: May 2022

The rise of artificial intelligence technology has promoted the development of human-computer interaction and other fields. In human-computer interaction, in order to enable the machine to accurately perceive and understand the user’s emotion in real time, thereby improving the service quality of the machine, user emotion recognition has been widely studied. In real life, because voice output not only is convenient, but also contains rich emotional information, human-computer interaction is mainly carried out in the form of voice. Speech carries a wealth of linguistic, paralinguistic, and nonlinguistic information that is essential for human-computer interaction. Understanding language information alone will not allow a computer to fully comprehend the speaker’s purpose. For computers to behave like humans, speech recognition systems must be able to process nonverbal information, such as the emotional state of the speaker. As a result, developing machine understanding of human emotions requires speech-based emotion recognition. This paper proposes an improved long short-term memory network (ILSTM) for emotion recognition. Because the initial LSTM only analyzes the preceding moment’s input, it will miss out on a lot of information for the full context scene. In this way, all the features in the speech segment can be extracted. In order to be able to select the feature that can express emotion the most among the many features, this paper also introduces the attention mechanism. Experiments are carried out on public datasets, and the experimental results show that the ILSTM used in this paper is very effective in classifying speech emotion data and the classification accuracy can reach more than 0.6. This fully shows that this research can be applied to actual products and has certain feasibility and reference value.
Spontaneous Loculated Bilateral Hydropneumothoraces in a Patient with Recent COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Lowe Jacques , Kaptur Bradley , Baltaji Ali , Rosenblat Daniel , Kumar James , Paul Vishesh
Published: May 2022

A 53-year-old male presented to the emergency room with chest pain, shortness of breath, and back pain. He had recently recovered from COVID-19 infection and returned home on room air. Chest imaging showed bilateral hydropneumothoraces that were not present on the imaging performed during his prior admission three weeks ago. The patient was treated with bilateral chest tube drainage and oxygen support and responded well to treatment. This case represents a unique occurrence of spontaneous loculated bilateral hydropneumothoraces in the context of recent clinical recovery from COVID-19 infection requiring inpatient treatment. This case highlights the importance of an awareness of a potential sequela of COVID-19 that may occur even after presumed clinical recovery.
Myostatin Deficiency Enhances Antioxidant Capacity of Bovine Muscle via the SMAD-AMPK-G6PD Pathway
Authors: Zhu Lin , Wang Xueqiao , Wei Zhuying , Yang Miaomiao , Zhou Xinyu , Lei Jiaru , Bai Chunling , Su Guanghua , Liu Xuefei , Yang Lei , Li Guangpeng
Published: May 2022

During exercise, the body’s organs and skeletal muscles produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS can destroy cellular lipids, sugars, proteins, and nucleotides and lead to cancer. The production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) by the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is an auxiliary process of the cellular antioxidant system that supplements the reducing power of glutathione (GSH) to eliminate ROS in the cell. Myostatin (MSTN) is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle and participates in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth and development. Loss of MSTN leads to muscular hypertrophy, and MSTN deficiency upregulates glycolysis. However, the effect of MSTN on the PPP has not been reported. This study investigated the effect of MSTN on muscle antioxidant capacity from a metabolic perspective. We found that reducing MSTN modulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key molecule in cellular energy metabolism that directly regulates glucose metabolism through phosphorylation. Downregulation of MSTN promotes tyrosine modification of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) by AMPK and is regulated by the Smad signaling pathway. The Smad2/3 complex acts as a transcription factor to inhibit the AMPK expression. These results suggest that reduced MSTN expression inhibits the Smad signaling pathway, promotes AMPK expression, enhances the activity of G6PD enzyme, and enhances the antioxidant capacity of nonenzymatic GSH.
The Oral Wound Healing Potential of Thai Propolis Based on Its Antioxidant Activity and Stimulation of Oral Fibroblast Migration and Proliferation
Authors: Jongjitaree Suppanut , Koontongkaew Sittichai , Niyomtham Nattisa , Yingyongnarongkul Boon-ek , Utispan Kusumawadee
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Propolis has demonstrated wound healing effects. Propolis’ effects vary based on its composition and geographical origin. However, there are few reports on the effects of propolis on oral wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and in vitro gingival wound healing effects of the n-hexane extract of propolis (HEP), ethyl acetate extract of propolis (EEP), and aqueous extract of propolis (AEP) fractions of the ethanol extract of Thai propolis. Materials and Methods. The crude ethanol extract of propolis was obtained by maceration with 95% ethanol that was sequentially fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. The chemical profiles of the samples were assessed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and FRAP assays. The effects of the propolis fractions on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) proliferation, migration, and in vitro wound healing were determined by MTT, modified Boyden chamber, and scratch assay, respectively. Results. We found that solvent polarity greatly affected the extract yield and TLC profiles. The highest extract yield was found in HEP (38.88%), followed by EEP (19.8%) and AEP (1.42%). TLC revealed 7 spots in the crude ethanol extract (Rf 0.36–0.80), 6 spots in HEP (Rf 0.42–0.80) and EEP (Rf 0.36–0.72), and 4 spots in AEP (Rf 0.17–0.79). GC-MS analysis revealed a high amount of triterpenoids in HEP (82.97%) compared with EEP (28.96%). However, no triterpenoid was found in AEP. The highest antioxidant activity and stimulation of HGF proliferation were observed in HEP, followed by EEP and AEP. HEP and EEP, but not AEP, enhanced HGF migration. However, all propolis fractions induced wound closure. Conclusions. HEP contained a large amount of triterpenoids. Antioxidant and in vitro wound closure effects were found in HEP, EEP, and AEP fractions.