bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on blasting fragmentation mechanism of burnt rock in open-pit coal mine
Authors: Jia Zheng-Zhao , Li Hong-Jie , Li Wei , Yan Jie , Wang Xiao-He
Published: February 2024

A large number of burnt rocks in some open-pit mines in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia have a great influence on the blasting effect. For this kind of rock, through the analysis of physical and chemical changes, combined with ANSYS/LS-DYNA and PFC 2D numerical simulation software, a burnt rock model with multiple joint cracks and irregular distribution is constructed to simulate the blasting process of burnt rock under the combined action of stress wave and detonation gas. The results show that the fracture of rock mass affects the propagation of blasting cracks in the fracture area, resulting in stress concentration and stress hindrance. The action time of stress wave is reduced, and the energy of blasting gas is partially absorbed by the fracture, resulting in uneven stress on the burnt rock bench and seriously affecting the bench blasting effect.
Elucidating hepatocellular carcinoma progression: a novel prognostic miRNA–mRNA network and signature analysis
Authors: Wang Fei , Kang Xichun , Li Yaoqi , Lu Jianhua , Liu Xiling , Yan Huimin
Published: February 2024

There is increasing evidence that miRNAs play an important role in the prognosis of HCC. There is currently a lack of acknowledged models that accurately predict patient prognosis. The aim of this study is to create a miRNA-based model to precisely forecast a patient’s prognosis and a miRNA–mRNA network to investigate the function of a targeted mRNA. TCGA miRNA dataset and survival data of HCC patients were downloaded for differential analysis. The outcomes of variance analysis were subjected to univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and LASSO analysis. We constructed and visualized prognosis-related models and subsequently used violin plots to probe the function of miRNAs in tumor cells. We predicted the target mRNAs added those to the String database, built PPI protein interaction networks, and screened those mRNA using Cytoscape. The hub mRNA was subjected to GO and KEGG analysis to determine its biological role. Six of them were associated with prognosis: hsa-miR-139-3p, hsa-miR-139-5p, hsa-miR-101-3p, hsa-miR-30d-5p, hsa-miR-5003-3p, and hsa-miR-6844. The prognostic model was highly predictive and consistently performs, with the C index exceeding 0.7 after 1, 3, and 5 years. The model estimated significant differences in the Kaplan–Meier plotter and the model could predict patient prognosis independently of clinical indicators. A relatively stable miRNA prognostic model for HCC patients was constructed, and the model was highly accurate in predicting patients with good stability over 5 years. The miRNA–mRNA network was constructed to explore the function of mRNA.
Human kinesin-5 KIF11 drives the helical motion of anti-parallel and parallel microtubules around each other
Authors: Meißner Laura , Niese Lukas , Schüring Irene , Mitra Aniruddha , Diez Stefan
Published: February 2024

During mitosis, motor proteins and microtubule-associated protein organize the spindle apparatus by cross-linking and sliding microtubules. Kinesin-5 plays a vital role in spindle formation and maintenance, potentially inducing twist in the spindle fibers. The off-axis power stroke of kinesin-5 could generate this twist, but its implications in microtubule organization remain unclear. Here, we investigate 3D microtubule-microtubule sliding mediated by the human kinesin-5, KIF11, and found that the motor caused right-handed helical motion of anti-parallel microtubules around each other. The sidestepping ratio increased with reduced ATP concentration, indicating that forward and sideways stepping of the motor are not strictly coupled. Further, the microtubule-microtubule distance (motor extension) during sliding decreased with increasing sliding velocity. Intriguingly, parallel microtubules cross-linked by KIF11 orbited without forward motion, with nearly full motor extension. Altering the length of the neck linker increased the forward velocity and pitch of microtubules in anti-parallel overlaps. Taken together, we suggest that helical motion and orbiting of microtubules, driven by KIF11, contributes to flexible and context-dependent filament organization, as well as torque regulation within the mitotic spindle.
Rock-salt Ti1−xO → rutile TiO2−x transformation twinning via pulsed laser deposition – implications for the dense (hkl)-specific phase change and optoelectronic properties
Authors: Huang Chang-Ning , Chen Jian-Yu , Lin Yu-Xuan , Shen Pouyan
Published: February 2024

The R + r intimate intergrowth was found to form a butterfly twin following the optimum crystallographic orientation relationship [101]R//[111̄]r by the close-packed (1̄11)R and (011)r planes as the twin boundary and phase interface, respectively.
Decoding selectivity: computational insights into AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 inhibition
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Qin Xiaochun , Li Jing , Jiang Yuting , Jiang Junjie , Guo Jiwei , Xu Hao , Wang Yousen , Bi Hengtai , Wang Zhiliang
Published: February 2024

Understanding the selectivity mechanisms of AKR1B1/10 inhibition through the multiple computational strategies based on selective inhibitor lidorestat and HAHE.
Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of furfural with hydrogen peroxide over a niobia catalyst
Authors: Perez-Sena Wander Y. , Paya Maëlle , Eränen Kari , Lassfolk Robert , Lagerquist Lucas , Kumar Narendra , Aho Atte , D'Angelo Antonio , Salmi Tapio , Wärnå Johan , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: February 2024

Oxidation of furfural was conducted using niobia as a heterogeneous catalyst, which displayed an unconventional behavior, giving 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (tartaric acid) as the main oxidation product.
One-pot mechanochemical hydrogenation and acetylation of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol and paracetamol
Authors: Park Jimin , Maier Jacob S. , Evans Caria , Hatzell Marta , France Stefan , Sievers Carsten , Bommarius Andreas S.
Published: February 2024

The mechanochemical hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol was examined in a ball mill reactor.
Treatment of MB wastewater with a Fe–RGO/TiO2/PTFE photocatalytic composite membrane
Authors: Wang Zijing , Song Juxiang , Xu Yanling , Chen Wenhui , Zhang Mai , Zhang Manying , Fu Xiaofei , Gao Yong
Published: February 2024

A novel Fe–RGO/TiO2/PTFE photocatalytic composite membrane was developed for the purification of MB wastewater.
Small-molecule fluorogenic probes based on indole scaffold
Authors: Ghosh Pintu , Karak Anirban , Mahapatra Ajit Kumar
Published: February 2024

Indoles are the most versatile organic N-heterocyclic compounds widely present in bioactive natural products and used in different fields such as coordination chemistry, pharmacy, dyes, and medicine, as well as in the biology and polymer industries.
Infrared spectroscopy reveals metal-independent carbonic anhydrase activity in crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase
Authors: Gomez Aharon , Tinzl Matthias , Stoffel Gabriele , Westedt Hendrik , Grubmüller Helmut , Erb Tobias J. , Vöhringer-Martinez Esteban , Stripp Sven T.
Published: February 2024

Using infrared spectroscopy and molecular simulations we show that the fastest CO2-fixing enzyme found in nature has an unknown anhydrase activity in absence of substrate.
Enhanced CO2 electrolysis with in situ exsolved nanoparticles in the perovskite cathode
Authors: He Xuewei , Huang Xu , Sun Hui , Gan Lizhen
Published: February 2024

A-site defects drive the exsolution of Fe nanoparticles and the resulting metal–oxide interface enhances the catalytic performance of the perovskite cathodes.
Integrative analysis of metabolism subtypes and identification of prognostic metabolism-related genes for glioblastoma
Authors: Li Jiahui , Wei Yutian , Liu Jiali , Cheng Shupeng , Zhang Xia , Qiu Huaide , Li Jianan , He Chuan
Published: February 2024

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that cancer cell metabolism is a critical factor in tumor development and progression; however, its role in glioblastoma (GBM) remains limited. In the present study, we classified GBM into three metabolism subtypes (MC1, MC2, and MC3) through cluster analysis of 153 GBM samples from the RNA-sequencing data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) based on 2752 metabolism-related genes (MRGs). We further explored the prognostic value, metabolic signatures, immune infiltration, and immunotherapy sensitivity of the three metabolism subtypes. Moreover, the metabolism scoring model was established to quantify the different metabolic characteristics of the patients. Results showed that MC3, which is associated with a favorable survival outcome, had higher proportions of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and lower tumor purity and proliferation. The MC1 subtype, which is associated with the worst prognosis, shows a higher number of segments and homologous recombination defects and significantly lower mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) and epigenetic-regulation-based mRNAsi. The MC2 subtype has the highest T-cell exclusion score, indicating a high likelihood of immune escape. The results were validated using an independent dataset. Five MRGs (ACSL1, NDUFA2, CYP1B1, SLC11A1, and COX6B1) correlated with survival outcomes were identified based on metabolism-related co-expression module analysis. Laboratory-based validation tests further showed the expression of these MRGs in GBM tissues and how their expression influences cell function. The results provide a reference for developing clinical management approaches and treatments for GBM.
TIM‐Net: A multi‐label classification network for TCM tongue images fusing global‐local features
Authors: Zhang Xinfeng , Shao Jie , Bian Haonan , Li Hui , Jia Maoshen , Liu Xiaomin
Published: February 2024

Combining the extracted tongue features with other medical indicators can effectively judge the diseases of patients. The previous work usually only analyzes a certain feature of the tongue body and is unable to extract multiple features simultaneously. In this study, a multi‐label classification network named TIM‐Net is proposed, which integrates global and local features to achieve multi‐label intelligent diagnosis of Chinese medicine tongue images. First, a feature extraction network based on ResNet is proposed to capture the features of tongue images more sufficiently. Then, a multi‐label classification algorithm fusing global and local features is proposed, and targeted screening operations are carried out on the class‐related feature maps based on global confidence. In addition, a logical masking algorithm is proposed to ensure that the local features can only correct the feature labels they represent, and do not interfere with other feature labels. The classification accuracy is further improved by using local feature confidence and correcting the global classification results. Finally, the experimental results indicate that the classification accuracy of the tongue images is gradually improved through optimizing the feature extraction network and fusing local features, and it exceeds other state‐of‐the‐art multi‐label classification networks.
Study on high voltage (5 V) spinel lithium manganese oxide LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 by doping niobium
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Xiaotao , Wu Dan , Kong Dehao , Wu Han , Mang Lai , Liao Bo , Tegus O. , Cao Yongjun , Haschuluu Oimod
Published: February 2024

The effect of niobium ions with high‐valence doping on high‐voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) materials was investigated. LiNi0.5Mn1.5−xNbxO4 was prepared by doping high‐valent niobium ions into LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material using the organic assisted combustion method. The experimental samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance (EI), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. The experimental results show that ‐doping with high‐valence niobium ions changes the orientation of the crystal plane growth of spinel particles, and the morphology of these particles changes from the octahedral shape before doping to the spherical shape after doping. With the increase in doping amount, the crystal structure changes gradually, resulting in the Li0.96Nb1.01O3 impurity phase. The doping of high valence‐niobium ions increases the content of Mn3+ in the material, resulting in the appearance of a 4 V discharge platform and the formation of a 4.7 and 4 V discharge platforms. The doping of Nb can improve the cycling stability of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material, but the specific capacity of the material is reduced.
Das Lehrprojekt „Kreißtheater“ an der
Hochschule Niederrhein: frühzeitiger Einsatz von simulationsbasierten
Szenarien mit Schauspielenden im Studium für werdende
Hebammen
Authors: Makowski Friederike , Dülken Janne , Hansen Denise , Walker Annika
Published: February 2024

Praxis ergänzt Theorie: Mit dem „Kreißtheater“
hat die Hochschule Niederrhein ein praxisnahes Lehrkonzept geschaffen, bei dem
Hebammenstudierende für ihren Beruf erforderliche Handgriffe und
professionelle Kommunikationstechniken mit Anleitung oder selbstständig
üben können, bevor Schwangere, Gebärende und
Wöchnerinnen sowie deren Begleitpersonen in die Handlungen einbezogen
werden. Dieser Projektbericht beschreibt, wie sich diese Trainings erfolgreich
umsetzen lassen.
100 Years of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Story of Death and Life
Authors: Lämmle Bernhard , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Kremer Hovinga Johanna A. , Knöbl Paul
Published: February 2024

One hundred years ago, in 1924, the first description of a patient with a disease, now known as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was published by Dr. Eli Moschcowitz. In honor of this report, this article, written by distinguished specialists in TTP, reviews the increase in scientific knowledge on this disease during the last 100 years. It covers the scientific progress from plasma therapy, the first beneficial treatment for TTP, to the elucidation of the pathophysiology, the discovery of ADAMTS13, the development of assays and targeted therapies up to the modern treatment concepts, that improved the outcome of TTP from an incurable disease to a well understood and treatable disorder.
How I Teach It: robotische Chirurgie am oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt
Authors: Baecker Justus , Hummel Richard
Published: February 2024

Im vorliegenden Manuskript stellen wir unser Konzept zur Ausbildung in der robotischen Chirurgie des oberen Gastrointestinaltraktes vor. Das hier vorgestellte Ausbildungskonzept fokussiert sich auf die beiden chirurgischen „Benutzergruppen“, (Table Assists) und Fachärzt*innen (Operateur*innen), und stellt separat die Kernaspekte des Trainings der jeweiligen Gruppe vor.

Für Table Assists stellen wir Möglichkeiten für die frühzeitige Einbindung in die Robotik dar und stellen unseren Ansatz zur Erlernung von ersten Schritten in der Vorbereitung der Operation, der Assistenz während der Operation, der Kommunikation als Schlüsselfaktor in der robotischen Chirurgie sowie des alternativen Trainings vor.

Für Fachärzt*innen, welche die eigenständige Durchführung robotischer Eingriffe erlernen sollen, diskutieren wir das virtuelle Training mittels SimNow Trainer und den von uns präferierten frühen klinischen Einsatz. Weiter stellen wir Möglichkeiten der Assistenz wie das Dual-Console-Setup und das Telestration-System vor. Abschließend präsentieren wir unser Trainingskonzept zur Entwicklung robotischer operativer Fertigkeiten im oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt durch eine Kombination aus Teilschritten und steigendem Schwierigkeitsgrad der Eingriffe. Essenziell hierbei ist aus unserer Sicht, die Stepstones der Roboterchirurgie zu vermitteln und sicher zu beherrschen. Hierzu muss das Training strukturiert und regelmäßig erfolgen, sodass Schritt für Schritt komplexere Teilschritte und Eingriffe übernommen werden können.
Ethnobotanical Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Moroccan Ephedra Species
Authors: Chroho Mounia , Bailly Christian , Bouissane Latifa
Published: February 2024

Ephedra species are among the most popular herbs used in traditional medicine for a long time. The ancient Chinese medical book “Treatise on Febrile Diseases” refers to the classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription Ge Gen decoction, which consists of seven herbs, including an Ephedra species. Ephedra species are utilized all over the world to treat symptoms of the common cold and coughs, and to combat major human diseases, such as asthma, cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular and digestive disorders, and microbial infections. This study aimed at identifying specific Ephedra species used traditionally in Morocco for therapeutic purposes. The plant parts, their preparation process, and the treated pathologies were identified and analyzed. The results revealed five ethnobotanically important species of Ephedra: Ephedra alata Decne, Ephedra altissima Desf., Ephedra distachya L., Ephedra fragilis Desf., and Ephedra
nebrodensis Tineo. These species are used traditionally in Morocco for treating people with diabetes, cancer, rheumatism, cold and asthma, hypertension, influenza virus infection, and respiratory ailments. In addition, they are occasionally used as calefacient agents, to regulate weight, or for capillary care. Few studies have underlined the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of some of these Moroccan Ephedra species, but little information is available regarding the natural products at the origin of the bioactivities. Further phytochemical investigations and clinical data are encouraged to better support the use of these plants.
Association between Physical Activity and Menstrual Cycle Disorders
in Young Athletes
Authors: Passoni Paolo , Inzoli Alessandra , De Ponti Elena , Polizzi Serena , Ceccherelli Anna , Fantauzzi Martina , Procaccianti Chiara , Cattoni Alessandro , Villa Silvia , Riva Anna , Righetti Stefano , Landoni Fabio , Fruscio Robert
Published: February 2024

Our study aims to evaluate clinical predictors of menstrual cycle disorders in
female athletes who compete in running disciplines. This is a prospective
observational study. Women were recruited between January and May 2022.
Fifty-three patients were enrolled and completed a questionnaire about menstrual
cycle, physical activity, and food habit characteristics. Of the women in our
population, 39.6% had menstrual irregularities and reported a significantly
higher number of kilometers run per week (67 vs. 35, p:0.02). The number of
kilometers run per week was associated with menstrual irregularities (for 10 km,
OR 1.35; IC95% 1.05–1.73; p: 0.02) after adjusting for BMI, age, level of sport
and caloric intake. The variable of “km run per week” appeared as a diagnostic
indicator of irregular menstrual cycle with statistical significance (AUC ROC
curve 0.71, IC95% 0.54–0.86, p-value=0.01) and the cut-off of 65 km run per week
is a good indicator of the presence of irregular menstrual cycle (sensitivity
(SE) and specificity (SP) of 55% and 81.48%). Menstrual cycle disorders are very
frequent in female athletes, and the variable of km run per week may play a role
in screening endurance athletes at high risk for these disorders.
Neonatal Outcomes Are Similar between Patients with Resolved and Those with Persistent Oligohydramnios
Authors: Whelan Anna R. , Has Phinnara , Savitz David A. , Danilack Valery A. , Lewkowitz Adam K.
Published: February 2024

Objective Oligohydramnios (defined as amniotic fluid volume < 5 cm or deepest vertical pocket < 2 cm) is regarded as an ominous finding on prenatal ultrasound. Amniotic fluid, however, is not static, and to date, there have been no studies comparing perinatal outcomes in patients who are diagnosed with oligohydramnios that resolves and those who have persistent oligohydramnios.

Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a National Institutes of Health–funded retrospective cohort study of singleton gestations delivered at a tertiary care hospital between 2002 and 2013 with mild hypertensive disorders and/or fetal growth restriction (FGR). Maternal characteristics, delivery, and neonatal information were abstracted by trained research nurses. Patients with a diagnosis of oligohydramnios were identified, and those with resolved versus persistent oligohydramnios at the time of delivery were compared. The primary outcome was a composite of neonatal resuscitation at delivery: administration of oxygen, bag–mask ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, intubation, chest compression, or cardiac medication administration. Secondary outcomes included FGR, timing, and mode of delivery.

Results Of 527 women meeting study criteria, 42 had oligohydramnios that resolved prior to delivery, whereas 485 had persistent oligohydramnios. There were no significant differences in patient demographics between groups. The gestational age at diagnosis was significantly lower for patients with resolved versus persistent oligohydramnios (median: 33.0 [interquartile range, IQR: 29.1–35.9] vs. 38.0 [IQR: 36.4–39.3], p < 0.001). There was not a substantial difference in rate of neonatal resuscitation (41 vs. 32%, p = 0.31). Patients with resolved oligohydramnios were more likely to have developed FGR than those with persistent oligohydramnios (55 vs. 36%, p < 0.02). There were no significant differences for gestational age at delivery, birth weight, or neonatal intensive care unit admission.

Conclusion Patients whose oligohydramnios resolved were diagnosed earlier yet had similar rates of neonatal resuscitation but higher rates of FGR than those who had persistent oligohydramnios.

Key Points
Towards Starting a Hand Transplant Unit and Achieving Success in a Hand Transplant: The Standard Operating Procedure
Authors: Puri Vinita , Venkateshwaran Narasiman , Shrotriya Raghav , Chalwade Chandrashekhar
Published: February 2024

Vascularized Composite Tissue Allotransplantation (VCA) allows replacement of lost body parts from brain-dead donors. These surgeries are laborious, time-intensive, and require vast planning. With the advent of better immunosuppressants, VCA will increasingly play an important role in the reconstructive field. In this paper, the authors share their standard operating protocol created after much deliberation.
Improved Patient Outcomes with Electrocauterization Following Wedge Resection and Curettage for Ingrown Toenails: A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Amarin Marzouq , Al-Taher Raed , Daradka Khaled , Abu Harb Amal Ibraheem Abd al Qader , Habashneh Rawan Abd AlMohsen Mohammad , Bustami Nadwa Basem , Hijazein Yazan , Hadadin Hiba , Al-Najjar Sondos Wa'el Sa'dat
Published: February 2024

Background Ingrown toenail is a common condition that results in chronic pain, recurrent infections, and difficulty in performing daily activities. Our aim is to compare two surgical methods for the treatment of ingrown toenails: wedge resection with curetting versus wedge resection curetting followed by electrocauterization of the nail bed.

Methods A prospective, comparative study that included 130 patients with ingrown toenails. All patients had stage II or III disease. We divided the participants into two groups according to the type of surgery and all patients were followed up for 6 months. The outcomes measured were the incidence of postoperative bleeding and infection, recovery time, patient satisfaction, and recurrence rate 6 months after surgery.

Results Of the 130 patients included, 59 (45.4%) underwent excision and curetting of the nail matrix (group 1) and 71 (54.6%) underwent excision, curetting, and electrocauterization of the nail matrix (group 2). The postoperative infection rates were 20.3 and 4.2% in the first and second groups, respectively (p = 0.004). Patient satisfaction was 76.3% among the first group, while 91.5% of patients in the second group were satisfied with the results of surgery. Six months postoperatively, recurrence rates were 25.4 and 4.2% in the first and second groups, respectively (p = 0.001).

Conclusion Wedge excision and curettage, followed by electrocauterization of the ingrown toenail is a safe treatment modality with a high success rate, that is evident by a lower recurrence rate, and greater patient satisfaction, with no effect on postoperative pain score or recovery time.
Comparison of Pain Management Strategies to Reduce Opioid Use Postoperatively in Free Flap Breast Reconstruction: Pain Catheter versus Nerve Block in Addition to Refinements in the Oral Pain Management Regime
Authors: Stefansdottir Andrea B. , Vieira Luis , Johnsen Arni , Isacson Daniel , Rodriguez Andres , Mani Maria
Published: February 2024

Background Perioperative management in autologous breast reconstruction has gained focus in recent years. This study compares two pain management protocols in patients undergoing abdominal-based free flap breast reconstruction: a past protocol (PP) and a current protocol (CP)—both intended to reduce opioid consumption postoperatively. The PP entails use of a pain catheter in the abdominal wound and the CP consists of an intraoperative nerve block in addition to refinements in the oral pain management. We hypothesize that the CP reduces opioid consumption compared to PP.

Methods From December 2017 to January 2020, 102 patients underwent breast reconstruction with an abdominal-based free flap. Two postoperative pain management strategies were used during the period; from December 2017 to September 2018, the PP was used which entailed the use of a pain catheter with ropivacaine applied in the abdominal wound with continuous distribution postoperatively in addition to paracetamol orally and oxycodone orally pro re nata (PRN). From October 2018 to January 2020, the CP was used. This protocol included a combination of intraoperative subfascial nerve block and a postoperative oral pain management regime that consisted of paracetamol, celecoxib, and gabapentin as well as oxycodone PRN.

Results The CP group (n = 63) had lower opioid consumption compared to the PP group (n = 39) when examining all aspects of opioid consumption, including daily opioid usage in morphine milligram equivalents and total opioid usage during the stay (p < 0.001). The CP group had shorter length of hospital stay (LOS).

Conclusion Introduction of the CP reduced opioid use and LOS was shorter.
Intimate Partner Violence and Depression Screening of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Desai Sujata , Stanzo Karen , Benskin Beverley , Cardenas Kristina , Gilkey Tiffany W. , Chiruvolu Arpitha
Published: February 2024

Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of partner violence and depression in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) mothers.

Study Design This was a descriptive study. Mothers were screened in a safe room away from their partner with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Abuse Assessment Screen Tool (AAS) within 2 days of the newborn's admission. The EPDS was administered again 2 weeks later and then at discharge.

Results Nearly 20% of mothers reported on the AAS that they had experienced physical abuse since pregnancy. Abuse significantly predicted baseline depression 48 hours after delivery. A significant relationship emerged between depression and past year partner violence, with 100% experiencing abuse in the past year after pregnancy. Regular hospital intake questions underreported NICU mothers' partner violence experience and feelings of depression.

Conclusion There was a marked difference between what mothers reported in their health history at admission versus evidence-based surveys in a private setting. These results challenge assumptions that accurate screening happens at hospital admission. It is imperative to use evidence-based scales after delivery to improve outcomes.

Key Points
Gestational and Developmental Contributors of Pediatric MASLD
Authors: Mouzaki Marialena , Woo Jessica G. , Divanovic Senad
Published: February 2024

Pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is common and can be seen as early as in utero. A growing body of literature suggests that gestational and early life exposures modify the risk of MASLD development in children. These include maternal risk factors, such as poor cardiometabolic health (e.g., obesity, gestational diabetes, rapid weight gain during pregnancy, and MASLD), as well as periconceptional dietary exposures, degree of physical activity, intestinal microbiome, and smoking. Paternal factors, such as diet and obesity, also appear to play a role. Beyond gestation, early life dietary exposures, as well as the rate of infant weight gain, may further modify the risk of future MASLD development. The mechanisms linking parental health and environmental exposures to pediatric MASLD are complex and not entirely understood. In conclusion, investigating gestational and developmental contributors to MASLD is critical and may identify future interventional targets for disease prevention.
High piezoelectric performance and resistivity through a laminated structure design for BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramic
Authors: Kang Wenshuo , Zou Kai , Zhou Zhiyong , Liang Ruihong
Published: February 2024

BiFeO3–BaTiO3 (BF–BT) ceramics with high Curie temperature and excellent piezoelectric coefficient are expected to be applied in high-temperature piezoelectric sensors and actuators. However, its resistivity decreases rapidly with temperature and impedes its further applications. Moreover, normal methods such as doping modification cannot address this issue. In the present work, bismuth layered Bi4Ti2.93(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.07O12 (BIT) and perovskite 0.36BiScO3-0.64PbTiO3 (BSPT) ceramics were selected as insulating layers and were, respectively, sintered with 0.7BF–0.3BT ceramics to form laminated ceramics. The heterojunction structures effectively prevent carrier migration, and both resistivities of BIT and BSPT laminated ceramics were increased from 106 to 108−9 Ω cm at 300 °C. In addition, piezoelectric properties of the BSPT-type laminated ceramics are much higher than that of BF–BT ceramics, in which the bipolar strain was increased from 0.04% to 0.1% (4 kV/mm), and d33 was increased from 140 to 237 pC/N. Therefore, designing the insulating layer may be an effective method to realize the high-temperature application for BF–BT ceramics.
Correlated pair ansatz with a binary tree structure
Authors: Dutta Rishab , Gao Fei , Khamoshi Armin , Henderson Thomas M. , Scuseria Gustavo E.
Published: February 2024

We develop an efficient algorithm to implement the recently introduced binary tree state (BTS) ansatz on a classical computer. BTS allows a simple approximation to permanents arising from the computationally intractable antisymmetric product of interacting geminals and respects size-consistency. We show how to compute BTS overlap and reduced density matrices efficiently. We also explore two routes for developing correlated BTS approaches: Jastrow coupled cluster on BTS and linear combinations of BT states. The resulting methods show great promise in benchmark applications to the reduced Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer Hamiltonian and the one-dimensional XXZ Heisenberg Hamiltonian.
NMR study of charge density wave phase in the kagome metal RbV3Sb5
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Yongkai , Zheng Jiaxin , Zhou Feng , Wu Quansheng , Xi Xuekui , Lau Yongchang , Wang Zhiwei , Wang Wenhong
Published: February 2024

The mechanism of charge-density-wave (CDW) phase in one-dimensional lattices can be well described in theory. Whether similar mechanism works in two-dimensional systems is still a mystery. In this work, we employed 51V solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combined with first-principles computations to probe atomic structure and electronic properties at V sites in a quasi-two-dimensional crystal RbV3Sb5. Clear evidence of the CDW phase transition was observed from the temperature-dependent 51V NMR measurements. The sharp transition of 51V Knight shifts and electric field gradients (EFG) across the CDW transition supports the view that energy gap is formed by the nesting of partial Fermi surface in accompany with the superlattice formation. The calculated EFG parameters were also compared with our experiments, and the results suggest that the charge modulation of the CDW order is inverse Star-of-David pattern.
A versatile design method applied to reconfigurable metasurfaces
Authors: Han Xu , Ding Shuai , Jia Qing-Song , Zhang Wei-Hao , Tang Hao , Zhang Qiaoli , Zhu Zhaojun , Zhou Yuliang , Zhang Zhengping , Wang Xiong , Huang Yong-Mao , Wang Bing-Zhong
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces a versatile design method for reconfigurable metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase theory. Unlike traditional reconfigurable metasurfaces that require designing independent surfaces for specific applications, leading to a significant time investment for designers to learn and create, this study proposes a foundational, invariant metasurface. By selectively metallizing holes or inserting metal cylinders, it achieves nine available functionalities. Regardless of the chosen operating function, the metasurface demonstrates high efficiency at 8.2 GHz, with amplitude loss less than 1 dB. Additionally, when operating in phase modulation mode, the design provides a 360° phase adjustment range and a 30° phase step. A prototype containing 31×31 units (425.6×425.6mm2) has been fabricated and tested under function 7 (TM and RHCP transmission phase modulation). Measurement results confirm the metasurface’s capability for polarization conversion and phase modulation at the frequency of 8.2 GHz.
Experimental study on cavitation inhibition in a butterfly valve with different plate shapes
Authors: Zhang Hao Tian , Wu Xuan , Suryan Abhilash , Lin Zhe , Zhang Guang
Published: February 2024

A valve is a kind of mechanical device used to control the flow of fluid in pipelines or systems, which has a wide range of uses in various industrial, commercial, and household applications. When the fluid passes through the valve, cavitation often occurs in the valve, resulting in the valve not working properly and even damaging the valve and related systems. In this paper, experimental visualization was used to investigate cavitation evolution through a butterfly valve with different plate shapes under different pressure conditions. The results show that with the increase in the curvature of both sides of the butterfly plate and the increase in the total pressure condition, the cavitation type inside the butterfly valve will change from non-attached cavitation to attached cavitation. In addition, the maximum length and thickness of the attached cavitation bubbles gradually increase as well. However, when the shape of both ends of the butterfly plate is triangular, the adhesion ability to cavitation bubbles is greatly reduced. As the curvature increases, the frequency of the shedding of cavitation bubble gradually decreases, the volume of cavitation bubble increases, and the shedding of the cavitation bubble caused by the shock wave is more obvious. When the shape of both sides of the butterfly plate is triangular, the position where the bubble collapses is closer to the front end of the butterfly plate, and the shock wave generated by the bubble collapse will lead to the collapse of the attached cavitation bubble.
Coherence-tailorable vector fiber source
Authors: Ma Xiaoya , Xu Jiangming , Ye Jun , Zhang Yang , Liu Yunqi , Leng Jinyong , Jiang Zongfu , Mou Chengbo , Zhou Pu
Published: February 2024

Apart from the polarization and spatial mode, the degree of coherence (DoC), as a new degree of freedom (DoF), has actuated the control of structured optical fields beyond into a higher dimension. However, the control of DoC mainly focuses on the spatial coherence, and so far, there are no reports on the modulation of temporal coherence of the structured light. Here, a temporal coherence-tailorable vector fiber source is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. With a two-mode long-period fiber grating and polarization control, switchable transverse-mode outputs including azimuthally polarized mode TE01 and radially polarized mode TM01 are performed in an all-fiber compact regime. Benefitting from a tunable superfluorescent fiber source as the illumination of spatial mode control, the temporal coherence and the operating wavelength of vector beams can be simultaneously modulated. This work may not only advance a considerable protocol for creating and manipulating high-dimensional vectorial optical field, but also open up a promising avenue for potential applications in optical communication, high-resolution imaging, and particle trapping.
Temporal information sharing-based multivariate dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Wang Zihao , Zhao Wei , Pan Zhi , Zhang Guiyong , Jiang Yichen , Sun Tiezhi
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces temporal information shared multi-variable dynamic mode decomposition (TIMDMD), a novel data-driven algorithm for multi-variable modal decomposition. TIMDMD leverages joint singular value decomposition to share temporal information across variables, resulting in multi-variable rather than single-variable optimization. The algorithm effectively addresses several common issues with traditional DMD approaches, such as inconsistent physical interpretations, a lack of phase consistency between variables, and the mixing of frequency components in the reconstructed flow field. To demonstrate its efficacy, TIMDMD is applied to the analysis of wake flows behind a circular cylinder and a pitching airfoil. The results highlight TIMDMD's ability to align modal indices across variables, correct phase relationships, reduce prediction errors, and improve the clarity of frequency components in the reconstructed flow field.
The mechanisms behind the contrasting responses to waterlogging in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) and wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Harrison Christian , Noleto-Dias Clarice , Ruvo Gianluca , Hughes David J. , Smith Daniel P. , Mead Andrew , Ward Jane L. , Heuer Sigrid , MacGregor Dana R.
Published: February 2024

Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) is one of the most problematic agricultural weeds of Western Europe, causing significant yield losses in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and other crops through competition for space and resources. Previous studies link black-grass patches to water-retaining soils, yet its specific adaptations to these conditions remain unclear. We designed pot-based waterlogging experiments to compare 13 biotypes of black-grass and six cultivars of wheat. These showed that wheat roots induced aerenchyma when waterlogged whereas aerenchyma-like structures were constitutively present in black-grass. Aerial biomass of waterlogged wheat was smaller, whereas waterlogged black-grass was similar or larger. Variability in waterlogging responses within and between these species was correlated with transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in leaves of control or waterlogged plants. In wheat, transcripts associated with regulation and utilisation of phosphate compounds were upregulated and sugars and amino acids concentrations were increased. Black-grass biotypes showed limited molecular responses to waterlogging. Some black-grass amino acids were decreased and one transcript commonly upregulated was previously identified in screens for genes underpinning metabolism-based resistance to herbicides. Our findings provide insights into the different waterlogging tolerances of these species and may help to explain the previously observed patchiness of this weed’s distribution in wheat fields.
Aging and comprehensive molecular profiling in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Li Jian-Feng , Cheng Wen-Yan , Lin Xiang-Jie , Wen Li-Jun , Wang Kai , Zhu Yong-Mei , Zhu Hong-Ming , Chen Xin-Jie , Zhang Yu-Liang , Yin Wei , Zhang Jia-Nan , Yi Xiao , Zhang Fan , Weng Xiang-Qin , Wang Sheng-Yue , Jiang Lu , Wu Hui-Yi , Ren Jia-Qi , Lin Xiao-Jing , Qiao Niu , Dai Yu-Ting , Fang Hai , Tan Yun , Sun Xiao-Jian , Lv Gang , Yan Xiao-Yu , Chen Su-Ning , Chen Zhu , Jin Jie , Wu De-Pei , Ren Rui-Bao , Chen Sai-Juan , Shen Yang
Published: February 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aging-related and heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy. In this study, a total of 1,474 newly diagnosed AML patients with RNA sequencing data were enrolled, and targeted or whole exome sequencing data were obtained in 94% cases. The correlation of aging-related factors including age and clonal hematopoiesis (CH), gender, and genomic/transcriptomic profiles (gene fusions, genetic mutations, and gene expression networks or pathways) was systematically analyzed. Overall, AML patients aged 60 y and older showed an apparently dismal prognosis. Alongside age, the frequency of gene fusions defined in the World Health Organization classification decreased, while the positive rate of gene mutations, especially CH-related ones, increased. Additionally, the number of genetic mutations was higher in gene fusion–negative (GF-) patients than those with GF. Based on the status of CH- and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)-related mutations, three mutant subgroups were identified among the GF- AML cohort, namely, CH-AML, CH-MDS-AML, and other GF- AML. Notably, CH-MDS-AML demonstrated a predominance of elderly and male cases, cytopenia, and significantly adverse clinical outcomes. Besides, gene expression networks including
HOXA
/
B
, platelet factors, and inflammatory responses were most striking features associated with aging and poor prognosis in AML. Our work has thus unraveled the intricate regulatory circuitry of interactions among different age, gender, and molecular groups of AML.
Dual membrane-spanning anti-sigma factors regulate vesiculation in
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Authors: Pardue Evan J. , Sartorio Mariana G. , Jana Biswanath , Scott Nichollas E. , Beatty Wandy L. , Ortiz-Marquez Juan C. , Van Opijnen Tim , Hsu Fong-Fu , Potter Robert F. , Feldman Mario F.
Published: February 2024

Bacteroidota are abundant members of the human gut microbiota that shape the enteric landscape by modulating host immunity and degrading dietary- and host-derived glycans. These processes are mediated in part by
O
uter
M
embrane
V
esicles (OMVs). Here, we developed a high-throughput screen to identify genes required for OMV biogenesis and its regulation in
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
(
Bt
). We identified a family of
D
ual
m
embrane-spanning
a
nti-sigma factors (Dma) that control OMV biogenesis. We conducted molecular and multiomic analyses to demonstrate that deletion of Dma1, the founding member of the Dma family, modulates OMV production by controlling the activity of the ECF21 family sigma factor, Das1, and its downstream regulon. Dma1 has a previously uncharacterized domain organization that enables Dma1 to span both the inner and outer membrane of
Bt
. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that this common feature of the Dma family is restricted to the phylum Bacteroidota. This study provides mechanistic insights into the regulation of OMV biogenesis in human gut bacteria.
Mental health songs
Authors: Werner Valentin , Summer Theresa
Published: February 2024

This study explores how mental health is represented and discussed in English-language pop song lyrics. To this
end, a specialized corpus of mental health songs, understood as songs that explicitly mention or refer to issues related to mental
health and resilience, is analyzed through a combined linguistic/language-educational lens. The aim is to describe these songs
linguistically in order to discuss opportunities as well as limitations for the development of mental health literacy in EFL
classes. It emerges that relevant lyrics possess the potential to familiarize learners with the relevant discourse of mental
health and mental disorders, and several practical language-educational suggestions are offered. On a general note, it is argued
that lyrics not only offer starting points for the development of linguistic and literary competencies, but also for a critical
examination of a complex, highly relevant, and timely topic.
Analysis of Strong Coupling Constant with Machine Learning and Its Application
Authors: Wang 王 Xiao-Yun 晓云 , Dong 董 Chen 晨 , Liu 刘 Xiang 翔
Published: February 2024

We investigate the nature of the strong coupling constant and related physics. Through the analysis of accumulated experimental data around the world, we employ the ability of machine learning to unravel its physical laws. The result of our efforts is a formula that captures the expansive panorama of the distribution of the strong coupling constant across the entire energy range. Importantly, this newly derived expression is very similar to the formula derived from the Dyson–Schwinger equations based on the framework of Yang–Mills theory. By introducing the Euler number e into the functional formula of the strong coupling constant at high energies, we successfully solve the puzzle of the infrared divergence, which allows for a seamless transition of the strong coupling constant from the perturbative to the non-perturbative energy regime. Moreover, the obtained ghost and gluon dressing function distribution results confirm that the obtained strong coupling constant formula can well describe the physical properties of the non-perturbed regime. In addition, we study the quantum-chromodynamics strong coupling constant result of the Bjorken sum rule

Γ
1

p
−
n

and the quark–quark static energy E
0(r), and find that the global energy scale can effectively interpret the experimental data. The present results shed light on the puzzling properties of quantum chromodynamics and the intricate interplay of strong coupling constants at both low and high energy scales.
C-Type Antiferromagnetic Structure of Topological Semimetal CaMnSb2
Authors: Li 李 Bo 博 , Zeng 曾 Xu-Tao 旭涛 , Xu 徐 Qianhui 千惠 , Yang 杨 Fan 帆 , Xiang 项 Junsen 俊森 , Zhong 钟 Hengyang 恒扬 , Deng 邓 Sihao 司浩 , He 何 Lunhua 伦华 , Xu 徐 Juping 菊萍 , Yin 殷 Wen 雯 , Lu 鲁 Xingye 兴业 , Liu 刘 Huiying 慧颖 , Sheng 胜 Xian-Lei 献雷 , Jin 金 Wentao 文涛
Published: February 2024

Determination of the magnetic structure and confirmation of the presence or absence of inversion (

P

) and time reversal (

T

) symmetry is imperative for correctly understanding the topological magnetic materials. Here high-quality single crystals of the layered manganese pnictide CaMnSb2 are synthesized using the self-flux method. De Haas–van Alphen oscillations indicate a nontrivial Berry phase of ∼ π and a notably small cyclotron effective mass, supporting the Dirac semimetal nature of CaMnSb2. Neutron diffraction measurements identify a C-type antiferromagnetic structure below T
N = 303(1) K with the Mn moments aligned along the a axis, which is well supported by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The corresponding magnetic space group is Pn′m′a′, preserving a

P
×
T

symmetry. Adopting the experimentally determined magnetic structure, band crossings near the Y point in momentum space and linear dispersions of the Sb 5p
y, z
bands are revealed by the DFT calculations. Furthermore, our study predicts the possible existence of an intrinsic second-order nonlinear Hall effect in CaMnSb2, offering a promising platform to study the impact of topological properties on nonlinear electrical transports in antiferromagnets.
Dark Localized Waves in Shallow Waters: Analysis within an Extended Boussinesq System
Authors: Yang Zhengping , Zhong Wei-Ping , Belić Milivoj
Published: February 2024

We study dark localized waves within a nonlinear system based on the Boussinesq approximation, describing the dynamics of shallow water waves. Employing symbolic calculus, we apply the Hirota bilinear method to transform an extended Boussinesq system into a bilinear form, and then use the multiple rogue wave method to obtain its dark rational solutions. Exploring the first- and second-order dark solutions, we examine the conditions under which these localized solutions exist and their spatiotemporal distributions. Through the selection of various parameters and by utilizing different visualization techniques (intensity distributions and contour plots), we explore the dynamical properties of dark solutions found: in particular, the first- and second-order dark rogue waves. We also explore the methods of their control. The findings presented here not only deepen the understanding of physical phenomena described by the (1+1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation, but also expand avenues for further research. Our method can be extended to other nonlinear systems, to conceivably obtain higher-order dark rogue waves.