bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the differences in the time-series profiles of new COVID-19 daily confirmed cases in 3,108 contiguous U.S. counties: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Megahed Fadel M. , Jones-Farmer L. Allison , Zhao Longwen , Rigdon Steven E.
Published: November 2021

Objective

The COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. has exhibited a distinct multiwave pattern beginning in March 2020. Paradoxically, most counties do not exhibit this same multiwave pattern. We aim to answer three research questions: (1) How many distinct clusters of counties exhibit similar COVID-19 patterns in the time-series of daily confirmed cases? (2) What is the geographic distribution of the counties within each cluster? and (3) Are county-level demographic, socioeconomic and political variables associated with the COVID-19 case patterns?

Materials and methods

We analyzed data from counties in the U.S. from March 1, 2020 to January 2, 2021. Time series clustering identified clusters in the daily confirmed cases of COVID-19. An explanatory model was used to identify demographic, socioeconomic and political variables associated with the outbreak patterns.

Results

Three patterns were identified from the cluster solution including counties in which cases are still increasing, those that peaked in the late fall, and those with low case counts to date. Several county-level demographic, socioeconomic, and political variables showed significant associations with the identified clusters.

Discussion

The pattern of the outbreak is related both to the geographic location within the U.S. and several variables including population density and government response.

Conclusion

The reported pattern of cases in the U.S. is observed through aggregation of the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases, suggesting that local trends may be more informative. The pattern of the outbreak varies by county, and is associated with important demographic, socioeconomic, political and geographic factors.
Disulfiram and copper combination therapy targets NPL4, cancer stem cells and extends survival in a medulloblastoma model
Authors: Serra Riccardo , Zhao Tianna , Huq Sakibul , Gorelick Noah Leviton , Casaos Joshua , Cecia Arba , Mangraviti Antonella , Eberhart Charles , Bai Renyuan , Olivi Alessandro , Brem Henry , Jackson Eric M. , Tyler Betty
Published: November 2021

Background

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common brain malignancy in children, and is still responsible for significant mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of Disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved inhibitor of Aldehyde-Dehydrogenase (ALDH), and Copper (Cu++) in human SSH-driven and Group 3 MB. The molecular mechanisms, effect on cancer-stem-cells (CSC) and DNA damage were investigated in xenograft models.

Methods

The cytotoxic and anti-CSC effects of DSF/Cu++ were evaluated with clonogenic assays, flow-cytometry, immunofluorescence, western-blotting. ONS76, UW228 (SHH-driven with Tp53m), D425med, D283 and D341 (Group 3) cell-lines were used. In vivo survival and nuclear protein localization protein-4 (NPL4), Ki67, Cleaved-Caspase-3, GFAP and NeuN expression were assessed in two Group 3 MB xenografts with immunohistochemistry and western-blotting.

Results

Significant in vitro cytotoxicity was demonstrated at nanomolar concentrations. DSF/Cu++ induced cell-death through NPL4 accumulation in cell-nucleus and buildup of poly-ubiquitylated proteins. Flow-cytometry demonstrated a significant decrease in ALDH+, Nestin+ and CD133+ following treatment, anti-CSC effect was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. DSF/Cu++ prolonged survival, and increased nuclear NPL4 expression in vivo.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that this combination may serve as a novel treatment, as monotherapy or in combination with existing therapies, for aggressive subtypes of pediatric MB.
Genome-wide CRISPR interference screen identifies long non-coding RNA loci required for differentiation and pluripotency
Authors: Haswell Jeffrey R. , Mattioli Kaia , Gerhardinger Chiara , Maass Philipp G. , Foster Daniel J. , Peinado Paola , Wang Xiaofeng , Medina Pedro P. , Rinn John L. , Slack Frank J.
Published: November 2021

Although many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibit lineage-specific expression, the vast majority remain functionally uncharacterized in the context of development. Here, we report the first described human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines to repress (CRISPRi) or activate (CRISPRa) transcription during differentiation into all three germ layers, facilitating the modulation of lncRNA expression during early development. We performed an unbiased, genome-wide CRISPRi screen targeting thousands of lncRNA loci expressed during endoderm differentiation. While dozens of lncRNA loci were required for proper differentiation, most differentially expressed lncRNAs were not, supporting the necessity for functional screening instead of relying solely on gene expression analyses. In parallel, we developed a clustering approach to infer mechanisms of action of lncRNA hits based on a variety of genomic features. We subsequently identified and validated FOXD3-AS1 as a functional lncRNA essential for pluripotency and differentiation. Taken together, the cell lines and methodology described herein can be adapted to discover and characterize novel regulators of differentiation into any lineage.
From a case-control survey to a diagnostic viral gastroenteritis panel for testing of general practitioners’ patients
Authors: Bruijnesteijn van Coppenraet Lesla E. S. , Flipse Jacky , Wallinga Janny A. , Vermeer Marloes , van der Reijden Wil A. , Weel Jan F. L. , van der Zanden Adri G. M. , Schuurs Theo A. , Ruijs Gijs J. H. M.
Published: November 2021

Objective

To evaluate the pathogenicity of a broad range of 11 possible gastroenteritis viruses, by means of statistical relationships with cases vs. controls, or Ct-values, in order to establish the most appropriate diagnostic panel for our general practitioner (GP) patients in the Netherlands (2010–2012).

Methods

Archived stool samples from 1340 cases and 1100 controls were retested using internally controlled multiplex real-time PCRs for putative pathogenic gastroenteritis viruses: adenovirus, astrovirus, bocavirus, enterovirus, norovirus GI and GII, human parechovirus, rotavirus, salivirus, sapovirus, and torovirus.

Results

The prevalence of any virus in symptomatic cases and asymptomatic controls was 16.6% (223/1340) and 10.2% (112/1100), respectively. Prevalence of astrovirus (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 10.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–80.06) and norovirus GII (aOR 3.10; CI 1.62–5.92) was significantly higher in cases versus controls. Rotavirus was encountered only in cases. We did not find torovirus and there was no statistically significant relationship with cases for salivirus (aOR 1,67; (CI) 0.43–6.54)), adenovirus non-group F (aOR 1.20; CI 0.75–1.91), bocavirus (aOR 0.85; CI 0.05–13.64), enterovirus (aOR 0.83; CI 0.50–1.37), human parechovirus (aOR 1.61; CI 0.54–4.77) and sapovirus (aOR 1.15; CI 0.67–1.98). Though adenovirus group F (aOR 6.37; CI 0.80–50.92) and norovirus GI (aOR 2.22, CI: 0.79–6.23) are known enteropathogenic viruses and were more prevalent in cases than in controls, this did not reach significance in this study. The Ct value did not discriminate between carriage and disease in PCR-positive subjects.

Conclusions

In our population, diagnostic gastroenteritis tests should screen for adenovirus group F, astrovirus, noroviruses GI and GII, and rotavirus. Case-control studies as ours are lacking and should also be carried out in populations from other epidemiological backgrounds.
The glutaminase inhibitor telaglenastat enhances the antitumor activity of signal transduction inhibitors everolimus and cabozantinib in models of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Emberley Ethan , Pan Alison , Chen Jason , Dang Rosalyn , Gross Matt , Huang Tony , Li Weiqun , MacKinnon Andrew , Singh Devansh , Sotirovska Natalija , Steggerda Susanne M. , Wang Tracy , Parlati Francesco
Published: November 2021

Dysregulated metabolism is a hallmark of cancer that manifests through alterations in bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways to enable tumor cell proliferation and survival. Tumor cells exhibit high rates of glycolysis, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect, and an increase in glutamine consumption to support the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors express high levels of glutaminase (GLS), the enzyme required for the first step in metabolic conversion of glutamine to glutamate and the entry of glutamine into the TCA cycle. We found that RCC cells are highly dependent on glutamine for proliferation, and this dependence strongly correlated with sensitivity to telaglenstat (CB-839), an investigational, first-in-class, selective, orally bioavailable GLS inhibitor. Metabolic profiling of RCC cell lines treated with telaglenastat revealed a decrease in glutamine consumption, which was concomitant with a decrease in the production of glutamate and other glutamine-derived metabolites, consistent with GLS inhibition. Treatment of RCC cells with signal transduction inhibitors everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) or cabozantinib (VEGFR/MET/AXL inhibitor) in combination with telaglenastat resulted in decreased consumption of both glucose and glutamine and synergistic anti-proliferative effects. Treatment of mice bearing Caki-1 RCC xenograft tumors with cabozantinib plus telaglenastat resulted in reduced tumor growth compared to either agent alone. Enhanced anti-tumor activity was also observed with the combination of everolimus plus telaglenastat. Collectively, our results demonstrate potent, synergistic, anti-tumor activity of telaglenastat plus signal transduction inhibitors cabozantinib or everolimus via a mechanism involving dual inhibition of glucose and glutamine consumption.
Gender-wise comparison of oral health quality of life and its relationship with oral health parameters among elderly from Wroclaw, south-west Poland
Authors: Skośkiewicz-Malinowska Katarzyna , Kaczmarek Urszula , Malicka Barbara
Published: November 2021

Background

In recent years, there has been an increase of aging population with longer life expectancy in females. This study aims to compare some oral health parameters and quality of life in the elderly.

Methods

The survey involved 500 urban residents (Wroclaw, Poland) aged 65 and older, of both gender. Socio-demografic data were assessed by self-reported questionnaire. Clinical examination included oral health assessment by the World Health Organization criteria with extension and oral dryness (Chalacombe scale). Quality of Life (QoL) was evaluated using Euro-Quality of Life, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, which were validated for the Polish population. The relationship strength between psychometric scale scores and sociodemographic and clinical factors was determined by calculating Spearman’s linear correlation coefficient values and regression coefficient values.

Results

There was no gender-wise differences in oral health parameters, except for a higher number of decayed teeth in males (DT 1.9±3.2 vs 1.2±2.4; p = 0.34). Oral dryness was diagnosed significantly more frequently in females then males (36.9% vs. 25.5%; p = 0.076). The males were significantly more likely to have high treatment needs (36.1% vs. 26.9%; p = 0.032) and they required urgent dental treatment (7.2% vs. 2.8%; p = 0.022). There were no significant differences in terms of QoL evaluated by EQ-5D, EQ-5D VAS or OHIP-14 questionnaires between males and females (0.832±0.194 vs 0.855±0.197, 67.9±10.9 vs 66.1±18.6, 7.2±12.9 vs 8.5±14.0, respectively; p > 0.05). However, females presented the higher severity of depressive symptoms measured by the PHQ-9 questionnaire (4.0±4.1 vs. 2.8±3.8; p<0.001).

Conclusion

It can be concluded that the independent predictors which significantly affect the high QoL scores on the EQ-5D scale were found to be female gender, age below 75, high or middle income, independence in daily life, a low number of comorbidities, lack of oral treatment needs.
Ultrasonographic characteristics of major salivary glands in anti-centromere antibody-positive primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Min Hong Ki , Kim Se-Hee , Park Youngjae , Lee Kyung-Ann , Kwok Seung-Ki , Lee Sang-Heon , Kim Hae-Rim
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To investigate salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) findings in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients positive for the anti-centromere antibody (ACA) and compare these with those in ACA-negative pSS patients.

Methods

We analyzed demographic, clinical, laboratory, and SGUS data of pSS patients who fulfilled the 2002 American-European Consensus Group classification criteria for pSS. SGUS findings of four major salivary glands (bilateral parotid and submandibular glands) were scored in five categories and compared between ACA-positive and ACA-negative pSS patients. Linear regression analysis was performed to elucidate the factors associated with SGUS score.

Results

In total, 121 pSS patients were enrolled (19, ACA-positive). The ACA-positive patients were older (67.0 vs 58.0 years,P= 0.028), whereas anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB positivity was more prevalent in the ACA-negative group (89.2% vs 21.1%,P< 0.001, and 47.1% vs 10.5%,P= 0.007, respectively). The total SGUS and hypoechoic area scores were lower in ACA-positive patients (16.0 vs 23.0,P= 0.027, and 4.0 vs 7.0,P= 0.004, respectively). In univariate regression analysis, being positive for unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR < 1.5 ml/15 min), anti-Ro/SSA, and rheumatoid factor were positively associated whereas ACA positivity was negatively associated with the SGUS score. In multivariate regression analysis, being positive for USFR, anti-Ro/SSA, and rheumatoid factor showed significant association with the SGUS score.

Conclusions

ACA-positive pSS patients showed a lower SGUS score than ACA-negative patients, which was especially prominent in the hypoechoic area component.
The symbiosis of images and non-diegetic sound in Lynne Ramsay’s Brigitte
Authors: Batori Anna
Published: November 2021

The article investigates the poetic and intertextual narrative structure of Lynne Ramsay’s short documentary film Brigitte. Based in a factory in London, Ramsay’s work carefully captures the well-known photographer Brigitte Lacombe in a narrative set-up, which avoids face-to-face interviews. In this postclassical storytelling structure, black-and-white still photographs and voice-over narration melt into a poetic form that narrates personal and interpersonal histories. The article analyses this very avant-garde symbiosis of images and non-diegetic narration through a close textual analysis, while it also investigates the very form of postclassical short documentary set-ups.
Brevity – format – programme: A conceptual triangle
Authors: Walde Laura
Published: November 2021

This article outlines the theoretical tenets of considering the short film as a format. Taken as a format rather than simply a film of short duration, the conceptual triangle of brevity – format – programme is used as a foundation to reflect on the particular epistemological position of short films in film studies and to address larger questions of canon, circulation and context. Rather than working towards a codification of an essence or specificity of the short film, this article proposes that the technical term ‘format’ is a suitable concept to concretely identify and discuss the factors at play in the production and exhibition of short films.
On the Definitions Used in Sports Law
Authors: Tydykova Nadezhda , Kovalenko Ekaterina
Published: November 2021

The article concentrates on  the study of the basic concepts used in the text of the Federal Law of December 4, 2007 N 329-FZ «On physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation». The definitions of the concepts «sport» and «physical culture» are analyzed. The authors have concluded that the legal definition of sport is consistent with the broad understanding of this phenomenon in science. It has been proved that the legislator uses the constitutive features of sport and physical culture in a contradictory way when giving other definitions. This problem has been revealed during the study of the concepts: «school sport», «student sport», «corporate sport», the content of which combines both features of sport and features of physical culture. The authors also propose to distinguish between the physical education for physically impaired people and persons with disabilities, aimed at rehabilitation and sports activities of the same categories, aimed at achieving purely sports results by developing appropriate definitions and fixing them in the text of the studied law. Attention is drawn to the impossibility of determining the ratio of such concepts as «corporate sport» and «sport at the place of work», «sport at the place of residence and recreation» and «mass sport» for reasons caused by defects in legislative technology. Such categories as «professional sports», «sports of the highest achievements» and «mass sports» are discriminated. The position is expressed that the absence of the term «amateur sport» in the studied law has objective reasons and is not a disadvantage. In conclusion, the authors state that it is necessary to elaborate the concepts under study and their terminological improvement. Such a measure will allow not only to improve the text of the studied law from the standpoint of legislative technique, but also to clearly formulate the subject of sports law.
RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE OF SOCIAL PRACTICES DEVELOPMENT IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY (CASE STUDY OF THE VOLOGDA OBLAST)
Authors: Artamonova Anna S. , Ukhanova Yulya V.
Published: November 2021

Currently, the regions face with the need to implement new development strategies based on the maximum use of internal resources. One of the significant development factors is the social activity of the local population. This actualizes the study of social activity forms at the local level, which was the aim of this study. This aim predetermined the following tasks: determining the directions for social practices development in the region, identifying the degree of participation of the population in public life and the main barriers that prevent more active participation. The empirical information was based on the available statistical data on socially oriented non-profit organizations, as well as the results of the authors’ sociological survey. The study revealed insufficient development of social practices in the region; a characteristic feature of civic participation is the low involvement of Russians in formal volunteering and high informal volunteer activity. The data obtained through the case study give grounds to speak of the development of new practices, various civic initiatives. Within the framework of local communities, there are intense processes of collective integration, self-defense and self-organization at the level of everyday life. Civic participation, regardless of the format, can become one of the factors stimulating the self-development of territories, an additional resource for overcoming socio-economic challenges.
RE-DEFINING CRIME IN MORAL DISCOURSE AND SOCIAL SECURITY
Authors: Shipunova Tatiana V.
Published: November 2021

The author connects further study of the problems of social security with the need to redefine crime. The article deals with the transformation of ideas about crime and the appeal of modern researchers to the idea of understanding it in moral discourse. The author supports and develops further the thesis about the need to use the concept of «ethical minimum», which should be used in assessing the activities of the main subjects of social security. Violation of the principle of social justice in its instrumental meaning is considered as the main criterion for assessment. Those norms, laws, measures implemented by various subjects of social security that support the foundations of a decent life for people in society will be socially just. If this principle is ignored, “gray zones” of social security arise, in which there are increased risks of violation of the “ethical minimum”. The article also discusses the issue of separating such violations from completely understandable and explainable errors and management deficiencies that are difficult to avoid in situations of increased risks. Violations of the “ethical minimum” in the “gray zones” of social security, in contrast to a criminal offense, should receive an independent public assessment based on the methodology for studying the social responsibility of all agents important for ensuring the protection of the population.
Vállalkozási ismeretek oktatása vs. vállalkozói kompetenciák fejlesztése
Authors: Mihalkovné Szakács Katalin
Published: November 2021

Hazánkban a rendszerváltást követően megjelent neveléstudományi irányzat célja, hogy a korábbi tananyag- és ismeretközpontú szabályozás helyét a decentralizált, kompetenciaalapú tantervek vegyék át (Perjés – Vass, 2009). A „tárgyi tudás ugyanis a felkészültségnek csupán a formai részét jelenti, a gyakorlat pedig mindössze annak tartalmát. A kompetenciákban viszont szintetizáltan van jelen a tárgyi anyag, illetve a képességek, szinte élettevékenységekre lebontva.” (Perjés – Vass, 2009: 40. old.) A kompetenciák szerepének központosítása a közoktatásban végre elvezethet oda, hogy a piacnak a leendő munkavállalóval szemben támasztott igényei megfelelnek a képzés során megszerzett tudásnak, képességeknek, azaz kompetenciáknak. Wilson és társainak az önfoglalkoztatóvá váló, leendő vállalkozói réteg képzéséről született nemzetközi tanulmánya (Wilson et al., 2009) is a kompetenciák oktatásának szükségességére hívja fel a figyelmet. A leírtak szerint kompetencia címén a személyes fejlődés (önbizalom, jó fellépés a társadalom felé, motiváció, vállalkozói tudat), az üzleti fejlődés (szakmai és pénzügyi ismeretek), valamint a vállalkozói képességek és készségek fejlődése (szociális képességek, hálózatépítés képessége, kreatív problémamegoldási készség, lehetőségek felismerésének készsége stb.) kell, hogy előtérbe kerüljön. Mindez azonban újszerű pedagógiai módszereket, újszerű tananyagfejlesztést kíván.
Zones of Tradition - Places of Identity
Authors: Vinken Gerhard
Published: November 2021

What is the heritage of our cities? Which are the monuments, places, and spaces in which it accumulates, and by which practices is it formed, handed down, appropriated? Gerhard Vinken takes the readers to twelve cities on three continents and analyses the diverse and contradictory heritage formations that have had a lasting impact on urban life. The vitality of urban heritage, as these vivid and in-depth case studies show, lies in the dynamic and often conflictual processes of social appropriation and interpretation. Covering a diverse range of themes, the book familiarizes the reader with important questions and theories in urban research and heritage studies.
Cyborg werden
Authors: Fink Dagmar
Published: November 2021

Cyborgs waren ursprünglich ein Produkt technomilitärischer Imagination mit dem Ziel, die Beschränkungen des menschlichen Körpers zu überwinden. Als kybernetischer Organismus sind Cyborgs tatsächlich weder Mensch noch Maschine - und doch beides zugleich. Gerade dies macht sie für queer_feministische Spekulationen attraktiv, die Dualismen als Fundament von Herrschaftslogiken kritisieren. Dagmar Fink fragt danach, wie Cyborgs Dualismen zur Implosion bringen, wie sich mit Cyborgs Vorstellungen von Differenz jenseits von Dualismen entwickeln lassen und wie queer_feministische Geschichten in Theorien und Science Fictions unsere Möglichkeitshorizonte erweitern.
The Novel in the Spanish Silver Age
Authors: Calvo Tello José
Published: November 2021

What distinguishes an adventure novel from a historical novel? Can the same text belong to several genres? More to one than to another? Have some existing genres been overlooked? To answer these and similar questions, José Calvo Tello combines methods from Linguistics (lexicography), Literary Studies (genre theory), and Computer Science (machine learning, natural language processing). Located in the interdisciplinary field of Digital Humanities, this study analyzes a newly developed corpus of 358 Spanish novels of the silver age (1880-1939), which includes authors like Baroja, Pardo Bazán, or Valle-Inclán. Calvo Tello's key result is a graph-based model of literary genre that reconciles recent theoretical approaches.
Legasthenie im Deutschunterricht
Authors: Frietsch Elke
Published: November 2021

Was bedeutet die Diagnose »Legasthenie« für die betroffenen Schülerinnen und Schüler? Wie lassen sich Jugendliche, die unter einer Lese-Rechtschreib-Störung leiden, im Fach Deutsch fördern und bewerten? Elke Frietsch legt anhand einer Fallstudie mit authentischem Material aus dem Unterricht Fragen und Aspekte rund um das Thema Legasthenie dar. Sie richtet sich damit nicht nur an Deutschlehrkräfte, sondern vermittelt auch Therapeut*innen und Wissenschaftler*innen einen Einblick aus der Perspektive der Schule.
Medien der Forensik
Authors: Rothöhler Simon
Published: November 2021

In der kriminaltechnischen Praxis beginnt Forensik materialiter und lokal: mit Spuren am Ereignisort einer Tat. Medien der Forensik operieren als Tatortmedien und formieren Medientatorte. Sie prozessieren Datenspuren und Spurmedialitäten. In digitalen Medienkulturen ist - im Off offizieller Forensik - eine Konjunktur medienforensischer Semantiken, Verfahren, Praktiken zu beobachten, denen Simon Rothöhler nachgeht: in Alltags- und Popkultur (True Crime), in der Praxis künstlerischer Forschung (Forensic Architecture), in zivilgesellschaftlich-investigativen Kontexten (Open Source Intelligence).
Educación, contracapacitismo y discapacidad: la necesidad de construir instituciones más amables
Authors: Mazzino Ana , Olmos Romina , Lovardo Ludwig Agustina , Schewe Lelia
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre las formas de trabajar que se construyen en las instituciones educativas, vinculadas a estudiantes que no responden a los parámetros de vida que se intentan imponer. Para ello, proponemos un diálogo que recupere aportes de las pedagogías de las diferencias y de los Estudios Críticos en Discapacidad, particularmente, los que abogan por una perspectiva feminista e interseccional, pues coincidimos en lo urgente que se vuelve construir alternativas contracapacitistas de resistencia y lucha. Nuestro aporte es una invitación a (re)considerar la construcción de las instituciones a partir del reconocimiento de la fragilidad como condición de lo humano.
Electronic Health Records System Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Q.H. Hasan , Yassin Ali A. , ATA Oğuz
Published: November 2021

Blockchain technology is one of the most important and disruptive technologies in the world. Nowadays the healthcare center needs to share patient databases over all departments of the healthcare centers. Although, electronic healthcare records overcome several problems compared with manual records, but still suffer from many issues such as security, the privacy of patient data overall as we should transfer over a database from a central database to a decentralized database. In this paper, we proposed a good security system to manage the data of patients based on blockchain technology and a decentralized database. Depending on decentralized database and blockchain. Our proposed system provides the secure exchange of patient data, reliability, and high efficiency in sharing data during transaction data network equivalence checking to perform this validation of patient information in the blockchain and healthcare centers.
Sentiment Analysis in Online Products Reviews Using Machine Learning
Authors: Fung Lee Hua , M. Belaidan Seetha Letchumy
Published: November 2021

Online Shopping is a phenomenon that is growing rapidly. It refers to the act of buying and selling products or services over the internet. Since customers are shopping online, there are some problems with this process. Firstly, is that customers can fall into fraud and security concerns as there is an inability to inspect the goods that you are purchasing beforehand. There is also the other issue on the quality of the product, this is because when selling online, only simple pictures and or descriptions of the product are all a customer can rely on when purchasing. There is also another factor customer can look at before purchasing a product and those are reviews left by previous customers that have purchased the same product from the same seller. Reviews are left by a consumer that has experienced or purchased a product from the store. Thus, by reading the reviews of a product, the new customer can see whether people liked the product or not, or to see if the product that was delivered was the promised product by the store. With the help of Machine Learning Techniques, the researcher can then try to find the best technique that can be used for Sentiment Analysis on Online Product Reviews.
Digital Leadership in Facing Challenges in the Era Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: . Harbani , Muna Nilna , Judiarni Justina Ade
Published: November 2021

The digital era is a progress that must be followed in the business environment in order to survive where leadership is one of the keys to running a business. This progress requires leaders who are able to behave adaptively, and anticipate various forms of change that will occur in the future. A leader is considered capable of transforming visionaries in the face of various forms of change and can also realize a vision that can be realized into reality. The purpose of this research is for leaders to take steps, and attitudes that are influenced by the very fast development of technology and the change from traditional leaders to digital leadership. Such leaders are able to inspire their employees to innovate and defend their ideas. This article uses a descriptive qualitative approach as well as the main writing approach and uses digital leadership theory. This research is an exploratory research that observes one informant as the research sample. Thus, it is hoped that a leader in the digital era will be able to transform, and be able to have credibility, integrity, perseverance and also a passion to serve and contribute to catalyzing change in achieving the organization's vision. The results of this study are to realize the success of leadership in the digital era, namely the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. Which is supported by seven characteristics of digital leaders, namely responsibility, results of information dissemination, goals and assessments, mistakes and conflicts, change and innovation.
Implementation of Management Information at Online Transportation Service
Authors: Rajab Enny , Sariani Ni Luh Putu
Published: November 2021

Digitization is a trend and need in every activity. Almost all activities are always in contact with technology. Likewise with Indonesian transportation which cannot be separated from the use of technology. So this study aims to examine the feeling of information technology in operational and management activities at the Indonesian transportation facility, namely PT. Go-Jek Indonesia. The method in this study is direct observation of the perpetrators of Go-Jek transportation with qualitative data. The results show that the E-Commerce system plays an important role in the smooth running of people's life activities, many conveniences are provided both in traveling, ordering a joint, ordering food or other facilities. Vice versa with workers in this field are very accommodated with the information system used.
Diachronic Cognitive Linguistics
Authors: Hartmann Stefan
Published: November 2021

Diachronic studies have played an increasingly important role in recent Cognitive Linguistics. This introductory paper provides an overview of some major lines of research in this field, starting with the inherently panchronic approach that characterizes most flavors of usage-based theory from Cognitive Grammar to recent complex adaptive systems approaches. In particular, the “constructionist turn” and the “quantitative turn” in Diachronic Cognitive Linguistics are discussed in detail. Diachronic Cognitive Linguistics is introduced as a multi-faceted, dynamic framework that aims at providing a holistic and nuanced picture of the complex interplay between language, cognition, and cultural evolution. In addition, this paper introduces the contributions to the present volume in some detail and discusses their relation to current research trends and paradigms within the broader framework of Diachronic Cognitive Linguistics.
The syntax of metaphor
Authors: Schneider Ulrike
Published: November 2021

This paper analyses diachronic changes which result from metaphorical extension. Its aim is to assess whether such semantic shifts may lead to further semantic and syntactic differentiation between the verb senses and whether they can be described as shifts away or towards prototypical transitivity (cf. Hopper & Thompson 1980). It focusses on changes the verbderailunderwent in the 19th and 20th centuries. In a corpus-based analysis, it utilises CART trees and a random forest to determine which syntactic and semantic properties differentiate literal and metaphorical uses ofderail. Results reveal a syntactic shift from transitive to intransitive in the older literal construction which hardly affects the younger metaphorical one. This indicates that differentiation can be an epiphenomenon of semantic shifts.
Morphosyntactic vagueness and directionality
Authors: Kuo Yueh Hsin
Published: November 2021

This paper shows that morphosyntactic vagueness exists between several minor morphosyntactic categories in Mandarin (modal,protasis connectiveand types ofclassifier): these categories share formal distributional properties and functional similarities such that their morphosyntactic distinctions become neutralized in some contexts. Consequently, bidirectionality rather than unidirectionality may characterize these categories diachronically. This paper proposes that any direction of change that is motivated by morphosyntactic vagueness should be regarded as regular and systematic, even if it is not unidirectional, and identifies some directions for future research on morphosyntactic vagueness in diachrony.
Modeling, cost optimization and management of grid connected solar powered charging station for electric vehicle
Authors: Khare Vikas , Khare Cheshta J. , Nema Savita , Baredar Prashant
Published: November 2021

Transportation sector is currently the largest carbon emitter and produces lots of harmful gases in the atmosphere, as a result Electric Vehicle (EV) is an attractive choice for mankind. Increased use of EVs needs the establishment of a large number of EV charging stations. This paper shows comprehensive assessment of solar powered charging station which is used for the charging of electric vehicles. This paper includes the design, cost optimization and management of an EV charging station along with pre-feasibility analysis for location assessment for EV charging stations. A case study for Ahmedabad is presented in this paper. Solar-Pro software is used for design, technical and financial assessment of solar powered based charging stations. Memetic and Cuckoo optimization techniques are used for cost optimization. Further Program, Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is used to assess the cradle to grave process of charging stations and at the end strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) and Political, Economic, Social, Legal, Environmental (PESTLE) analysis is presented, which shows strength and weakness of project from political, economical, social and ecological points of view. Results shows that Ahmedabad is suitable location for the solar powered charging station due to the mean value and maximum value of solar radiation is 5.7516 and 10.8869 kwh/m2/day respectively. The available energy of the given system is 30,506 kwh/m2/day at the solar fraction of 97.12%. The result of cuckoo algorithm for cost optimization is much better than memtic algorithm. Result also shows the reliability of whole system is 89%.
Online task planning and L2 oral fluency:does manipulating time pressure affect fluency in L2 monologic oral narratives?
Authors: Awwad Anas , Alhamad Rashed
Published: November 2021

This study attempts to widen our understanding of how manipulating pressured online task planning affects L2 oral fluency. The principal aim of this study is to investigate the effect of reducing time pressure on L2 learners’ oral speech production while performing video-based narrative tasks in terms of fluency. The study adopted a video-based narrative task to elicit spoken data from forty secondary school students. Online planning was operationalised through slowing down the video clip in the + online planning condition. Measures of breakdown and repair fluency were adopted to capture learners’ oral fluency. The findings revealed that online planning had a positive effect on L2 oral fluency regarding the number of filled pauses. Whereas it had a negative impact on fluency regarding mean length of silent pauses. No effect was found regarding number of silent pauses and disfluencies. The results will be discussed and pedagogic implications will be proposed.
Two-dimensional array of iron-garnet nanocylinders supporting localized and lattice modes for the broadband boosted magneto-optics
Authors: Zimnyakova Polina E. , Ignatyeva Daria O. , Karki Dolendra , Voronov Andrey A. , Shaposhnikov Alexander N. , Berzhansky Vladimir N. , Levy Miguel , Belotelov Vladimir I.
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate a novel all-dielectric magnetophotonic structure that consists of two-dimensional arrays of bismuth substituted iron-garnet nanocylinders supporting both localized (Fabry–Perot-like) and lattice (guided-like) optical modes. Simultaneous excitation of the two kinds of modes provides a significant enhancement of the Faraday effect by 3 times and transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect by an order of magnitude compared to the smooth magnetic film of the same effective thickness. Both magneto-optical effects are boosted in wide spectral and angular ranges making the nanocylinder array magnetic dielectric structures promising for applications with short and tightly focused laser pulses.
Al 5251-based hybrid nanocomposite by FSP reinforced with graphene nanoplates and boron nitride nanoparticles: Microstructure, wear, and mechanical characterization
Authors: Moustafa Essam B. , Melaibari A. , Alsoruji Ghazi , Khalil Asmaa M. , Mosleh Ahmed O.
Published: November 2021

The strength and wear resistance of aluminium alloys must be improved to enhance their usage in lightweight constructions. Thus, in this study, graphene nanoplates (GNPs) and boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles were reinforced into the Al 5251 aluminium alloy by friction stir processing (FSP). The Al 5251 aluminum alloy sheets were patterned with holes and filled by mono GNPs, mono BN nanoparticles and a hybrid of BN nanoparticles and GNPs. The microstructure, wear, and mechanical properties of the as-received, after FSP, and the manufactured surface nanocomposites were analysed. Wear tests were performed using two methods: weight loss and volume loss methods. FSP led to four times grain refinement. Due to the Zener pinning effect, the reinforcement nanoparticles improved the grain refinement effect by seven times decrease in the mean grain size. The wear rate by volume and weight loss with reinforcing BN nanoparticles decreased by 160 and 1,340%, respectively. Note that the GNP reinforcement insignificantly improved the wear resistance and hardness compared with the BN nanoparticles. The hardness was increased by 50, 120, and 80% by reinforcing the Al 5251 alloy with GNPs, BN, and a hybrid of BN nanoparticles and GNPs, respectively. The nanocomposite reinforced with GNPs exhibited superior mechanical properties compared to the other nanocomposites.
Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of zinc concentrations in scalp hair and fingernails samples of Algerian females with breast cancer
Authors: Mansouri Ammar , Keskas Sabiha , Azli Tarek , Bouhila Zohra , Hamidatou Lylia , Slamene Hocine , Benamar Mohammed El-Amine
Published: November 2021

In the present work, zinc levels were measured in scalp hair and fingernails in order to identify potential risk factors for breast cancer. The samples were collected from 40 Algerian breast cancer female patients and from 20 normal subjects matching the same age range. The concentration of zinc was analyzed using Instrumental neutron activation analysis technique (INAA). In scalp hair samples it was found in the range 119–792 μg/g for the normal subjects and in the range 82–806 μg/g for the patients, with an increase rate of 10.9%. The range of concentration of zinc in fingernails was found between 89 and 247 μg/g for normal subjects and between 75 and 276 μg/g for the patients with an increase rate of 2.5%. The influence of age on zinc concentration was also investigated. The obtained results show some consistency with those obtained by other groups.
The interaction between pain and cognition: on the roles of task complexity and pain intensity
Authors: Lier Elisabeth J. , van Rijn Clementina M. , de Vries Marjan , van Goor Harry , Oosterman Joukje M.
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The interaction between pain and cognition includes a concurrent negative effect of pain on cognitive performance and an analgesic effect of cognitive distraction on pain experience. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the role of pain intensity and task complexity on this interaction.

Methods

Two experiments were conducted in healthy volunteers. In both experiments, participants completed 3 conditions: a pain only condition (consisting of the cold pressor test), a cognition only condition (consisting of the cognitive task) and a combined condition (concurrent administration of the cold pressor and cognitive task). In experiment I, participants performed one out of three possible tasks that differed in cognitive load (low, medium, high). In experiment II the parameters of the pain stimulus, induced by a cold pressor test, were adapted and only the high load cognitive task was employed. Pain scores, reaction times, and accuracy rates were recorded.

Results

In experiment I, cognitive distraction significantly decreased pain scores, irrespective of the cognitive load of the task. Pain did not affect cognitive performance. In experiment II, pain diminished accuracy rates. No effect of cognitive distraction on pain was observed. Individual characteristics did not noticeably influence the interaction between pain and cognition.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest a two-way interaction, however no evidence for a simultaneous bidirectional relationship was found. Cognitive distraction successfully reduces pain, up until a certain point where this relationship is reversed, and pain starts to interfere with cognitive performance. This may imply that priorities shift at a certain pain-threshold, however further research should confirm this hypothesis. This study could contribute to further understanding of cognitive mechanisms related to pain perception.
The physicochemical and DNA binding studies of some medicinal compounds in solutions
Authors: Khan Abbas , Naila  , Humayun Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Sufaid , Shah Luqman Ali , Malik Abdul , Sultana Sabiha
Published: November 2021

To understand the expected mode of action, the physicochemical study on the solution properties of medicinal compounds and their interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), under varying experimental conditions, is of prime importance. The present research work illustrates the physicochemical study and interaction of certain medicinal compounds such as; Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Ibuprofen with DNA. Density, viscosity and surface tension measurements have been performed in order to determine, in a systematic manner, the physicochemical, volumetric and thermodynamic properties of these compounds; and most of these parameters have shown different behavior with varying concentration of solution, temperature of the medium and chemical nature/structure of the compound. In addition, these drugs showed a spontaneous surface-active and association behavior in aqueous solutions. The flow behavior, surface properties, volumetric behavior and solute–solvent interaction of these drugs were prominently influenced by experimental variables and addition of DNA to their solutions. UV–Visible spectroscopy was also used to examine the interaction of these drugs with DNA in aqueous media in detail. Calculated values of binding constants (Kb) for all complexes of drug-DNA are positive, indicating a fruitful binding process. It is seen that a smaller Kb value reflects weaker binding of the drug with DNA and vise versa. Due to the difference in the chemical structure of drugs the values of binding constant are different for various drug-DNA complexes and follow the order Kb(Levofloxacin-DNA) > Kb(Ciprofloxacin-DNA) > Kb(Ibuprofen-DNA). On the basis of spectral changes and Kb it can be said that the binding of all these drugs with DNA may be of physicochemical nature and the dominating binding force be of hydrogen bonding between oxygen of drugs and hydrogen of DNA units and the drug having more oxygen atoms showed stronger binding ability. The data further suggest a limited possibility of chemical type attachment of these drugs with DNA.
Editorial. Comunicación y educación. Alfabetización y sociedad del conocimiento
Authors: Anguita Acero Juana María
Published: November 2021

Editorial.
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN GERMANY 2021: ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF THE EUROPEAN AGENDA
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Guseletov Boris
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of a study of how the role of Germany as the political and economic leader of the EU is perceived in modern Europe, as well as an analysis of possible mechanisms and ways of influencing the results of these elections from the point of view of the panEuropean agenda and from the side of pan-European political institutions, on the eve of the allGerman elections on September 26, 2021.Recent public opinion polls of Europeans showed their positive attitude to Germany and its Chancellor Angela Merkel as informal European leaders. And although the pan-European agenda did not occupy a significant place during the 2021 election campaign, nevertheless, all the leading German parties devoted a significant place to this topic in their election manifestos. Pan-European political actors, first of all, the European parties, also did not stay away from the German elections and, if possible, tried to provide all possible assistance and support to their member parties participating in them.
Mycoflora impact on germination and vigour of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) seeds and its management through different plant protectants
Authors: Soni Namita , Raj Kushal , Mor V.S. , Chugh Rakesh Kumar
Published: November 2021

Bottle gourd is an important cucurbitaceous crop. The impact of 14 species from eight fungal genera on bottle gourd seeds was studied through in vitro tests. Bottle gourd seeds were inoculated with each isolate separately and subjected to various germination tests. Maximum germination
inhibition was upto 69.3% due to Fusarium proliferatum. Inoculation of seeds with F. proliferatum significantly reduced the germination speed index to 2.69. The seedling vigour index I for seeds inoculated with F. proliferatum and F. incarnation-equiseti (species
complex) was 860 and 861, respectively, significantly different from that of non-inoculated seeds having a vigour index of 1791. The seedling vigour index II of seeds inoculated with F. proliferatum was 1818, significantly lower than the control (4631), indicating that the F. proliferatum
isolate was highly virulent among all the isolates. Amongst seven plant protectants evaluated for their efficacy as seed dressers against F. proliferatum, propioconazole (25% EC), copper oxychloride (50% WP) and Mancozeb (75% WP) were effective in reducing infection. Germination percentage
was highest for seeds treated with the bioagent Trichoderma harzianum 1% WP.