bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact that Turnitin® has had on text-based assessment practice*
Authors: Rees Malcolm , Emerson Lisa
Published: July 2020

This article explores the extent to which the use of the copy detection software Turnitin has impacted on, or transformed assessment practice at Massey University. Staff at Massey University have had access to Turnitin since 2004 and during that time they have, to varying degrees, developed a greater understanding of the issues of; authenticity, academic writing skills and subsequently assessment design. It was hoped that the use of Turnitin would have challenged academic staff to think more creatively about approaches to text-based assignments. Structured interviews were conducted with nine staff who have been using Turnitin for some time and who have a good understanding of its capabilities. They were thought to be the most likely to have made changes to their assessment practice. The findings from the interviews show that a strong reliance on detection and the "deterrent effect" has remained. Few staff have considered that alternative or other creative approaches to assessment are a better way of minimising plagiarism.

Two cases studies where alternative approaches have been explored and where improvements have been demonstrated are discussed in detail:

Case study 1 involves enhancing the value of formative assessment by using some of the advanced assignment options in Turnitin namely; resubmission of assignments and students viewing their own reports online.

Case study 2 describes subtle changes to the wording of the summative assessment in a Communications in sciences course that requires students to apply the theory to practice rather than simply reproducing the literature. The second component is the use of the information map or i-map (Walden & Peacock, 2008) which documents the research process that students have used to construct all their assignments.

The paper concludes that to effect a substantial shift in attitude amongst faculty in relation to plagiarism would require more than a single workshop on Turnitin, and that both professional development units and tertiary institutions as a whole need to consider a more holistic approach to issues around plagiarism, assessment and student writing.
Pluralizing plagiarism: Identities, contexts, pedagogies
Authors: East Julianne
Published: July 2020

Studies exploring understandings of plagiarism now make up a sizeable contribution to the study of academic literacy. Universities have increased efforts to reduce plagiarism, just as access to information has increased way beyond what was possible just a few years ago. The editors of Pluralizing plagiarism: Identities, contexts, pedagogies, Rebecca Moore Howard and Amy Robillard, acknowledge that much attention has been given to plagiarism, but they argue that the academy offers a monolithic definition of the problem of plagiarism and "one set of solutions in all circumstances" (p. 2). They point out that writing is no longer taught as the one generalised model of "good writing" and much is now known about how standards for writing are subject specific, yet plagiarism is responded to in generalised simplistic ways. Hence, they argue that responses to plagiarism need to be more nuanced, and plagiarism must be pluralised.

View the PDF for the full review
Formative feedback within plagiarism education: Is there a role for text-matching software?
Authors: Davis Mary , Carroll Jude
Published: July 2020

The need for effective education to enhance students' understanding and development of academic integrity has been well established, particularly for international students new to tertiary study in English-speaking countries. Most research recommends the use of methods such as instruction and warnings, as part of a plagiarism education programme. Few studies have looked at the role of formative feedback through tutorial intervention in the process of academic writing, in which use of the text-matching tool Turnitin is made in ways which support learning, rather than guide assessment. This study addresses that gap using data gathered over three years from cohorts of international students in the United Kingdom (UK) with regard to four identified areas of development: avoidance of plagiarism, decrease in over-reliance on some sources, correct use of citation and appropriate paraphrasing. Individual tutorials were held to give formative feedback on students' own writing, with particular regard to their use of sources. A supportive environment was created in which questions about references could be discussed, by using the Turnitin originality reports directly. The tutorial feedback appeared to have a positive effect on students' understanding of academic integrity reflected in improved drafts. This implies that tutorial feedback using Turnitin could be a key factor in plagiarism education. Recommendations for future use are given at the end of the study.
Editorial Volume 6 (2)
Authors: Moore Christopher , Walker Ruth
Published: July 2020

Introduction to the special issue:

"Digital technologies and educational integrity"

When Roger Silverstone (1999, p.10) asked "what is new about new media?" more than a decade ago at the launch of the first edition of the journal New Media and Society, he framed the question as an inquiry about the relationship between continuity and change. To address the issues relating to the interest and reliance on technologies in educational contexts - whether we are talking about web 2.0, digital media, social media, new media, or even next media - requires us to consider what is most important about the standards, traditions and practices that we hold as crucial to teaching, learning and research, as well as their relationship to change.

This special issue broaches these issues to consider how changes in technologies used by teachers and learners - both in and out of educational contexts - has impacted on our understandings of educational integrity. To do this, we have had to ask questions about the integrity of the educational enterprise itself: just as the expanding research and writing capacities of digital media have complicated notions of authorship, so too does the increasing reliance on technologies in educational settings complicate expectations about the open or gated nature of educational institutions. However, it is not so much the digital technologies themselves, but how they are used, regarded, implemented and positioned by institutions, that offer a new twist to our interpretation of education as both 'borderless' and 'gatekeeping'.

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Negotiating identity and integrity on social network sites for educators
Authors: Robards Brady
Published: July 2020

Discussion around the use of social network sites, especially amongst young people, is pervaded by sentiments heralding the decline of privacy. In this context, it is important for scholarship in this area to attend to the array of ways in which individuals are managing their information and identity-projects in these spaces in

highly strategic ways, such as audience segregation. Drawing in part on empirical data collected through an ethnography of young Australian users of MySpace and Facebook, this article seeks to draw out the tension between authenticity and integrity that operates in these spaces. In doing so, I suggest that educators must be especially cognisant of the complexity occurring in the strategic management of these spaces, given the ongoing push for universities and agents within the university to engage with these spaces, along with the tension such engagement can bring to the teacher-student relationship.
Digital literacies and academic integrity
Authors: Pfannenstiel A Nicole
Published: July 2020

The everyday use of new media technology has inevitably resulted in a shift in students' learning and literacy practices. When tracked into the classroom, these new literacies have consequences for scholarly practice, such as when students complete assignments that draw on source material of dubious academic credibility, which leads to conflict with their teacher's expectations about academic integrity. For instance, when students build on their new media literacy skills by creating mashup videos for YouTube, they will probably exercise different ideas about fair use of source material and acknowledgement practices than those upheld in academe. However, educators can bridge the gap between these everyday media practices and more academic expectations about integrity and appropriate discourse by explicitly discussing the different protocols at play in student use of new media technologies and activities. Allowing for usage of 'home-based' literacy practices gives educators the room to explore alternative academic literacies, which fit new classroom dynamics, while also meeting the needs of more discipline specific academic discourse. This paper will discuss some ways to begin conversations about literacy that will lead to students engaging with issues of academic integrity, arguing that decontextualised moralising about plagiarism, for example, serves little purpose. Approaching academic integrity as itself a form of literacy practice allows educators to build on existing literacies by contextualising these in relation to academic norms.
Deregulation and control in international education: What happens in private training establishments in NZ?
Authors: Appanna Subhash , Goundar Sam
Published: July 2020

The need for educational integrity intensified particularly after the effects of the public sector reform wave of the 1980s began to be felt by both education providers as well as governments. The prescribed toning down of government support, relaxation of regulatory 'impediments', centralisation of market competition and concomitant proliferation of private as well as public providers resulted in the need for a cost-profit focus in providers and a quality-integrity focus in policy frameworks. In the nonuniversity tertiary sector, numerous concerns and complaints continue to arise regarding 'profiteering' and sub-quality performance in the provision of education. By way of response, both providers as well as public policymakers have been involved in designing innovative frameworks aimed at ensuring integrity and quality in the provision of education in what is essentially a highly lucrative and competitive international market.

This paper critically analyses organisational responses to institutional requirements and expectations in the case of a Private Training Establishment (PTE) in New Zealand. Data for this research comes from a number of secondary sources, ongoing interviews with academics/administrators involved with organisations in the sector, and the notinconsiderable personal experiences of the two researchers. It concludes that deregulation, re-regulation and a reliance on the market as well as internal organisational controls, opens up the industry to serious compromises in terms of integrity of education. The findings should be of interest to stakeholders involved in the tertiary education sector.
Investigating academic malpractice within an MBA Marketing module
Authors: Wellman Neil , Fallon Julia
Published: July 2020

This paper reports on progress and findings to date on an ongoing action research project designed to address the problem of academic malpractice, notably collusion, amongst postgraduate students on an international MBA programme. Its roots lie in 2008 when it was found that case study assignments had largely designed-out plagia-rism but that collusion had taken its place with the result that 132 cases were taken to the University?s Unfair Practices Committee. Understanding the problem was ap-proached in several ways, including reference to existing literature, which highlighted the importance of students? previous cultural and educational experiences, and quali-tative research drawing on students? views and feelings. As a result, a two-pronged strategy was adopted, one element being a zero-tolerance policy with all MBA assign-ments submitted to the Turnitin text matching software and wide broadcasting of the dangers and penalties resulting from malpractice. These were coupled with strength-ening the induction and Study Skills elements of the programme in order to develop students? independent study skills and understanding and ability to comply with UK academic conventions. We conclude that the dual strategy of prevention and cure was effective, resulting in the overall rate of academic malpractice falling from a high of 34.8%, and of collusion of 26.6%, to single figures with both being maintained with subsequent cohorts. The ongoing question of how best to adapt teaching practices to suit the background and expectations of international students remains unresolved. Therefore, further research is being conducted with selected preliminary findings be-ing presented in this paper.
An investigation of Iranian EFL Masters students' perceptions of plagiarism
Authors: Zafarghandi Amir Mahdavi , Khoshroo Fatemeh , Barkat Behzad
Published: July 2020

This study examined the understanding, perceived seriousness, and prevalence rates of different forms of plagiarism among Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Masters students studying at universities in Iran where their courses were taught in English. A survey questionnaire was used. The results indicated that plagiarism was pervasive among the students, and that they had an inadequate understanding of different forms of plagiarism. Second, prevalence rates of plagiarism were negatively correlated with both perceived seriousness and understanding of plagiarism at significant levels. Third, perceived seriousness of plagiarism was a predictor of prevalence rates of plagiarism among Iranian EFL Masters students. Finally, no significant relationship was found between the understanding of plagiarism and the respondents' years of study implying that the recognition of various forms of plagiarism remains a challenging task for the students during their whole academic lives. These findings highlighted the need for instructing students in the issues related to plagiarism in order to minimise its prevalence rates.
Mobile Insight in Risk, Resilience, and Online Referral (MIRROR): Psychometric Evaluation of an Online Self-Help Test
Authors: van Herpen Merel Marjolein , Boeschoten Manon A , te Brake Hans , van der Aa Niels , Olff Miranda
Published: July 2020

Background

Most people who experience a potentially traumatic event (PTE) recover on their own. A small group of individuals develops psychological complaints, but this is often not detected in time or guidance to care is suboptimal. To identify these individuals and encourage them to seek help, a web-based self-help test called Mobile Insight in Risk, Resilience, and Online Referral (MIRROR) was developed. MIRROR takes an innovative approach since it integrates both negative and positive outcomes of PTEs and time since the event and provides direct feedback to the user.

Objective

The goal of this study was to assess MIRROR’s use, examine its psychometric properties (factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent and divergent validity), and evaluate how well it classifies respondents into different outcome categories compared with reference measures.

Methods

MIRROR was embedded in the website of Victim Support Netherlands so visitors could use it. We compared MIRROR’s outcomes to reference measures of PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5), depression, anxiety, stress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21), psychological resilience (Resilience Evaluation Scale), and positive mental health (Mental Health Continuum Short Form).

Results

In 6 months, 1112 respondents completed MIRROR, of whom 663 also completed the reference measures. Results showed good internal consistency (interitem correlations range .24 to .55, corrected item-total correlations range .30 to .54, and Cronbach alpha coefficient range .62 to .68), and convergent and divergent validity (Pearson correlations range –.259 to .665). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA+CFA) yielded a 2-factor model with good model fit (CFA model fit indices: χ219=107.8, P<.001, CFI=.965, TLI=.948, RMSEA=.065), conceptual meaning, and parsimony. MIRROR correctly classified respondents into different outcome categories compared with the reference measures.

Conclusions

MIRROR is a valid and reliable self-help test to identify negative (PTSD complaints) and positive outcomes (psychosocial functioning and resilience) of PTEs. MIRROR is an easily accessible online tool that can help people who have experienced a PTE to timely identify psychological complaints and find appropriate support, a tool that might be highly needed in times like the coronavirus pandemic.
Characterization of Edible Film from Starch of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) with Addition of Chitosan on Dodol Substituted Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii L.)
Authors: Warkoyo Yuliarie Wulandari, Noor Harini
Published: July 2020

Abstract.Edible film is a thin layer to protect food which it can be consumed. One of the main components to make edible film is starch, which could be derived from taro tubers. Taro tubers contain high starch content about 70-80% which consists of 5.55%  of amylose and 74.45% of amylopectin with yield reach to 28.7%. However, the weakness of starch-based edible film are low resistance to water and low barrier properties to water vapor. One of the recommended hydrophobic biopolymers to improve the film characteristics of starch as well having antimicrobial activity is chitosan. The objectives of this research are to know the interaction and influence of starch concentration from taro tuber and concentration of chitosan on physical and mechanical character of edible film, including thickness, density, transparency, tensile, elongation and water vapor transmission eate (WVTR). The best treatment from  first objective will apply on dodol (food made by glutinous rice) substituted by seaweed to know the effect of its application on dodol shelf life (texture analysis, weight loss and microbiology). Therefore this research was conducted in 2 stages and 2 experimental design methods. The first stage was the process of making edible film using Randomized Block Design method and the second stage was the application of edible film using Random Design Complete method. The results of physical and mechanical analysis of edible film based on its effect on the storage of dodol showed that the best treatment was obtained of P3K3 treatment (6% of Taro starch: 3% of Chitosan), P3K1 (6% of Taro starch: 1% of Chitosan) and P3K2 (6% Taro starch: 2% of Chitosan). The application of 3 types of edible films based on the best treatment of dodol substitute of seaweed  has significant effects on the value of weight loss, texture and total plate count during the storage period. Effectiveness of edible film in inhibiting damage to dodol was obtained of P3K3 treatment (6% of Taro starch: 3% of Chitosan) with WVTR value equal to 0.189 g / cm2 hour, 0.170 N / mm2 of tensile strength, 0.088% of elongation, 0.160 mm of thickness, 0.151 of density and 0.000 mm-1of transparency.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of alkaloid bulbs extract of Polianthes tuberosa L. (Amaryllidaceae) cultivated in Algeria
Authors: BARGHOUT Nihed , CHEBATA Nada , MOUMENE Saida , KHENNOUF Seddik , GHARBI Abdelaziz , EL HAD Djamel I
Published: July 2020

Polianthes tuberosa L. (Amaryllidaceae) is an ornamental and medicinal plant. Its flowers and bulbs are used traditionally as a diuretic, emetic, against rashes and gonorrhea. The aim of this work was, to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of bulbs and bulbils alkaloid extracts of P. tuberosa. Antiradical effect was assessed against DPPH radical. However, antimicrobial activity was measured through the disc diffusion method against Escherichae coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus resistant to Methicillin (MRSA) and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. The scavenging effect against DPPH showed that the bulbs and bulbils alkaloids extracts exhibited an antiradical effect with IC50 = 0.231±0.017 mg/mL and 0.233±0.093 mg/mL respectively, less than the effect of vitamin C with IC50 = 0.0194±0.0002 mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity results reveal that both alkaloid bulbs extracts at 50 mg/mL did not have any inhibitory effect against the studied strains using the disc diffusion method. According to this work, bulbs and bulbils alkaloid extracts show a moderate antioxidant effect; that could be recommended as a natural antioxidant. Although tuberose bulbs were used traditionally as a soap substitute; bulbs alkaloid extract has no antimicrobial effect.

Keywords: Polianthes tuberosa L., bulbs, bulbils, alkaloids, antiradical activity, antimicrobial activity.
Triphala: A useful therapeutic supplement during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ozah Biplob
Published: July 2020

In this communication, efforts have been made to point out two different aspects: the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and several therapeutic effects of ‘Triphala’. The ‘Triphala’ have been acting as ‘one formula therapy’ since the time of the Ayurveda, and the COVID-19 is not an exception. The relationship between the pre- and post-symptom of COVID-19 and the therapeutic activity of ‘Triphala’ gives us a ray of hope to use Triphala as an anti-corona therapeutic supplement during the pandemic as well as in near future.

Keywords: COVID-19, Triphala, Ayurveda, Therapeutic activity
Kasni (Cichorium intybus): A Unani Hepatoprotective Drug
Authors: Anju , , Javed Ghazala , Javaid Rasikh , Ahmed Farah
Published: July 2020

Kasni (Cichorium intybus Linn.) is a powerful hepatoprotective and nephroprotective drug which has been extensively used in Unani System of Medicine. It is commonly known as chicory in English language. It is an erect perennial herb of the dandelion family Asteraceae. There are two types of Kasni depending on colour of the flowers which are usually bright blue and white or pink rarely. Chicory consists of a dietary fibre called as Inulin which is very useful in treating diabetes and constipation. As per Unani classical literature, it has been extensively used as Mufatteh Sudud (Deobstruent), Musaffi Dam (Blood Purifier), Muqawwi Kabid (Hepatic Tonic), Muqaiwwi Meda (Tonic for Stomach), Waram e Meda (Gastritis), Amraz e Kabid (Liver Disorders), Ghisyan (Nausea and Vomiting), Amraze Kulliya (Kidney Diseases), etc. The root of Kasni possesses various properties such as Aperient, Cholagogue, Deobstruent, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Febrifuge, Resolvent. Its leaves’ decoction is used as lithotriptic and also useful in elimination of internal mucus. This paper gives an overview of types, phytochemical studies, pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of Kasni as per Unani classical literature and current scientific studies.

Keywords: Kasni, Cichorium intybus Linn., Unani System of Medicine, Hepatoprotective, Unani drug.
Bioactive Compounds in the Peripheral Layers of Barley and Triticale Species in the Mature Grain Cultivated in Algeria
Authors: Benguella Rawda , Meziani Samira , Ghueffari Ibtissam , Menadi Norddine , Chenni Fatima Zohra , Labga Lahouaria , Saidani Souad , Barak Samir , Aissaouia Mohammed , Rahmoun N.M. , Demmouche Abassia
Published: July 2020

The present study designed to determine in compositions of peripheral layer (PL) from barley and triticale. The peripheral layer is a co-product of the grain mill, it represents with the flour and the germ one of the three fractions of the milling, it is used for the chemical protection of the endosperm and the germ. Phytochemicals (phenolic compounds, vitamins and minerals) are beneficial for the health of consumers and are found abundantly in the peripheral layer of cereals. The objective of our work consists an evaluation of the phytochemical value for peripheral layers, the evaluation of the antioxidant content and the antioxidant activity of two varieties of two species of cereal in mature grain: triticale (Ksar Sbahi, Beni Haroun) and barley (Fouara, Saida); from two different regions (Sidi Bel Abbes and Constantine). Finally a comparative study was found in this work. The results obtained show that the variety of each species Triticale (Ksar Sbahi), barley (Fouara) have the highest content of polyphenol and flavonoid (0.027 mg (EAG)/g; 0.019 mg EC/g) and (0.012 mg (EAG)/g; 0.013 mg EC/g), respectively, for the antioxidant activity barley Fouara 1.91 mg/ml shows the best activity against the DPPH radical, a high level of minerals has been observed for the triticale species and a higher level of sodium for the Fouara variety of barley 33.78 mg/l. We are planning additional studies to better characterize the nature of the polyphenolic compounds existing in different histological parts of the wheat grain.

Keywords: Barley, Triticale, Peripheral layer, Polyphenols, Antioxidant activity,
Association of Inflammatory Pathologies and Crohn's Disease: A Retrospective Study in the West Algerian Region
Authors: BENAISSA Zahira , KANOUN Khedoudja , ZEMRI Khalida , HARIR Noria , OUALI Siheme , SELLAM Feriel , ELMEHADJI Douniazad , BELHANDOUZ Lahcen , ELAIB Mustapha
Published: July 2020

Background: Crohn's disease is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease that progresses slowly. Also CD patients have a large number of extra-intestinal manifestations.

Objective: we sought to define the possible associations between inflammatory pathology and localization and on the other hand, inflammatory pathologies and the disease behavior

Methods: A retrospective analytical study was carried out at the level of gastric and general surgery services of Western Algerian University Hospital of Sidi Bel Abbes region, during the period 2007-2019.

Results Our study was based on a total sample of 295 cases involving 114 females (38.6%) and 181 males (61.4%) with a sex ratio of (1.58). The location of the disease at the time of diagnosis was dominated by the ileo-caecal location (55.3%), of which 64.4% were associated with inflammatory pathology (IP). The majority of patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease had an inflammatory behavior and this for all age groups. The appendix, the ulcer and inflammatory anemia are most associated with Crohn’s disease. For inflammatory extra-intestinal manifestations, only group of patients with arthralgia had significantly higher rates in the 20-60 age groups. The mainly noted risk factors were appendectomy with (17.3%), smoking (22.4%) with a highly significant association, and alcoholism (6.1%).

Conclusion According to our results the association of inflammatory pathology and crohn disease is more frequent in male and dominated by arthralgia as extra-intestinal manifestations lesions.

Keywords: Crohn disease; Inflammatory pathology; disease behavior; inflammatory extra-intestinal manifestation.
KONSEP BID’AH MENURUT IMAM NAWAWI DAN SYEKH ABDUL AZIZ BIN BAZ
Authors: Mohamad Shafawi Bin Md Isa Zaiyad Zubaidi
Published: July 2020

Definisi bid’ah berbeda-beda sehingga menimbulkan konflik. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam artikal ini adalah apakah makna sunnah dan bid’ah menurut Imam Nawawi dan Syekh Abdul Aziz Bin Baz dan apa dalil yang digunakan dan metode dalam memahaminya seta contoh bid’ah menurut keduanya. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library reseach) meneliti data-data  dan bahan-bahan yang tertulis berkaitan dengan tema permasalah yang dikaji, dengan menggunakan bahan primer dan skunder. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa, Imam Nawawi memaknai bid’ah adalah mencipta suatu amalan yang tidak pernah ada pada zaman Rasulullah, dan ia membagikan bid’ah kepada dua macam, yaitu bid’ah ḥasanaḥ seperti membaca talqin setelah dikebumikan mayat dan qabihaḥ seperti shalat raghaib. Imam Nawawi mengtakhsis hadis dengan hadis, yaitu hadis yang bersifat umum ditakhsis dengan hadis yang khusus, sedangkan Bin Baz mengartikan bid’ah adalah tiap-tiap perbuatan ibadah yang dilakukan yang tidak dipraktekkan oleh Rasul seta tidak ada asal dari Al-Qur’an, sunnah dan dari perbuatan khulafa ar-Rasyiddin, dan ia tidak membagikan bid’ah, semua bid’ah adalah ḍhalalah, ia juga menggunakan istilah “mungkar” untuk bid’ah dhalalah. Bin Baz berdalilkan ayat Al-Qur’an dan dikuatkan dengan hadis. Dari paparan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa, Bin Baz hanya mengkhususkan bid’ah dalam masalah ibadah saja, tetapi ia tidak menerangkan batasan ibadah dan yang bukan ibadah, seperti menghukumi sambutan maulid nabi itu sebagai bid’ah, sehingga definisinya sukar untuk diterapkan.
GOOGLE ADSENSE PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERJANJIAN ISLAM
Authors: Bahaur Rijal Muhammad , Eriyanti Nahara
Published: July 2020

This research examines is about the mechanism of the Google Adsense contract viewed from the legal aspects of the Islamic agreement. Google Adsense mechanism is different from business mechanisms in general, the differentiation is seen from the involvement of advertisers, Google and publishers who are bound in an online contract system. The purpose of this research is to find out how the mechanism of Google Adsense, besides analyzing the legal theory of Islamic agreements on the mechanism of Google Adsense. Type of research is a descriptive-analytical field research using a pattern of Islamic legal approach. There are two theories on which this research is based, namely contract theory and online business theory for analyzing legal aspects. The contract theory used focuses on the theory of the muamalat legal perspective contract which is then used to analyze transactions in Google Adsense, then from that analysis will be known how the law of the Google Adsense business. The results of this study indicate that the mechanism that occurs in Google Adsense reflects the basic values of the contract that are in accordance with the rules of the contract law. Standard contract enforcement aims to avoid moral hazard to protect the parties involved in online business for the realization of mutual benefit and prosperity. In addition, the screening efforts imposed on Google Adsense aim to demonstrate the application of business ethics values, which are known to have implications for the validity of the contract (in accordance with Islamic treaty law) Keywords: Google Adsense, contract
LITERATURA CONTEMPORÂNEA E CAMPO EXPANSIVO: A ENCENAÇÃO DA LINGUAGEM EM VERONICA STIGGER
Authors: Valdati Nilcéia , Motter Fernanda
Published: July 2020

A partir dos desdobramentos da noção de campo expansivo, de Rosalind Krauss (1979), que chegam até Garramuño (2009), Brizuela (2014), Cámara e Aguilar (2017) e  Klinger (2008), observamos como a criação artística de Veronica Stigger expande o campo literário para se encontrar com elementos das artes visuais, do teatro, do cinema. Em Os anões (2010a), Stigger brinca com as regras, mantendo seu teor irônico e imprevisível. Com um cotidiano distorcido, vai rompendo gênero e linguagem. Em Opisanie Swiata (2013), o leitor é colocado diante de uma experiência em um experimento poético narrativo, por meio de um objeto extremamente sedutor composto por cartas geográficas, fotografias, cartões postais, anúncios publicitários, cardápios, cartas pessoais e uma narrativa carregada de referências a personagens, autores e obras do modernismo brasileiro numa viagem da Polônia à Amazônia. Interessa-nos perceber como o processo de criação de Stigger nesses trabalhos ocorre por meio de uma encenação da linguagem.Palavras-chave: Campo expansivo; Veronica Stigger; encenação da linguagem.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Zat Pereduksi Trinatrium Sitrat (Na3c6h5o7) Terhadap Sifat Optik Nanopartikel Perak
Authors: Maharani Dewi , Mahmudin Lufsyi , Iqbal Iqbal
Published: July 2020

Penelitian tentang pengaruh konsentrasi zat pereduksi telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan trinatrium sitrat (Na3C6H5O7) terhadap sifat optik nanopartikel perak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi trinantrium sitrat dan mengetahui pengaruh lama penyimpanan terhadap sifat optik nanopartikel perak. Pembuatan koloid nanopartikel perak ini menggunakan bahan perak nitrat, trinatrium sitrat dan akuades dengan variasi konsentrasi trinanatrium sitrat yang berbeda yaitu sampel A (0.002 M), sampel B (0.004 M) dan sampel C (0.008 M), setiap sampel menggunakan selang waktu 7 hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, variasi konsentrasi trinantrium sitrat terbaik pada sampel B (0.004 M) memiliki tingkat kestabilan yang baik dikarenakan tidak terjadinya perubahan puncak serapan. Pada hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai panjang gelombang yang dihasilkan dari sintesis nanopartikel perak pada selang waktu 7 hari mengalami perubahan yang tidak signifikan seiring bertambahnya waktu sehingga dapat disimpulkan nanopartikel perak yang dihasilkan relatif stabil dan memiliki ukuran partikel dengan rata-rata (13 ± 3) nm serta dapat diaplikasikan sebagai antibakteri. Semakin kecil ukuran partikel nanopartikel perak akan berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas antibakteri, dimana semakin kecil ukuran partikel maka semakin besar efek antibakterinya.

Kata kunci: Nanopartikel perak, perak nitrat, trinatrium sitrat dan akuades
Penentuan Parameter Dinamika Tanah Menggunakan Data Mikrotremor di Desa Sedoa Kecamatan Lore Utara Kabupaten Poso
Authors: Makmur Ermawati , Efendi Rustan , Rusydi H. M.
Published: July 2020

Penentuan parameter dinamika tanah di Desa Sedoa Kecamatan Lore Utara Kabupaten Poso telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan data mikrotremor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai kecepatan gelombang geser hingga kedalaman 30 m (VS30), modulus geser (G) dan modulus elastisitas (E) batuan. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SeisImager, yang dibagi menjadi dua tahap yaitu tahap pertama menggunakan software Surface Wave Analysis Wizard untuk mendapatkan kurva dispersi dan tahap kedua menggunakan software WaveEq untuk mendapatkan kecepatan gelombang geser. Berdasarkan nilai kecepatan gelombang geser (Vs) dan kedalaman (h) perlapisan dapat diperoleh nilai VS30. Perlapisan tanah diklasifikasikan ke dalam dua tipe batuan, yaitu tipe batuan D jenis tanah sedang dengan nilai VS30 berkisar antara 180.5 - 235.4 m/s dan tipe bauan E jenis tanah lunak dengan nilai VS30 yaitu 167.8 m/s. Dengan nilai kecepatan gelombang geser dan kecepatan gelombang primer, lokasi penelitian didominasi oleh aluvium dengan modulus geser berkisar antara 54.82 - 102.05 N/m2 dan modulus elastisitas berkisar antara 163.78 - 303.94 N/m2 . Hasil yang diperoleh pada lokasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daerah tersebut memiliki parameter dinamika tanah yang rendah sehingga sangat rentan terhadap kerusakan pada saat terjadi goncangan gempabumi.

Kata kunci: Kecepatan gelombang, VS30, Modulus geser, Modulus elastisitas
Analisis Kontur Isodosis Paparan Radiasi Sinar-X di Instalasi Radiologi UPT Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Madani Palu
Authors: Tulfala Fahria , Kasman
Published: July 2020

Telah dianalisis kontur isodosis pada instalasi radiologi RSUD Madani Palu, untuk mengetahui jarak yang paling aman bagi petugas radiologi RSUD Madani Palu untuk berada di ruangan pesawat   sinar-X. Pengukuran dilakukan pada waktu sebelum dan saat ekspose pada phantom air dengan pesawat sinar-X menggunakan surveymeter. Pengukuran laju paparan radiasi dilakukan pada 65 titik pengukuran di ruangan pesawat sinar-X yaitu masing-masing 32 titik berada pada lintasan (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) secara radial pada ketinggian h1 (1,113 m) dan h2 (1,613 m), serta 1 titik pada pusat sumber radiasi sekunder. Hasil pengolahan data diperoleh dosis paparan radiasi  terbesar berada pada lintasan G (depan pesawat sinar-X) sebesar 19,15 mSv/jam untuk h1 dan 11,6 mSv/jam untuk h2, serta pada kontur isodosis diperoleh adanya beberapa jumlah lintasan dan warna yang berbeda di setiap nilai dosis paparan radiasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dosis paparan radiasi sinar-X di instalasi radiologi RSUD Madani Palu masih berada dibawah NBD yang ditetapkan BAPETEN (20 mSv/tahun), sementara pada kontur isodosis menunjukkan nilai dosis paparan radiasi bernilai 0 pada jarak > 3 m dari pesawat sinar-X,  sehingga petugas radiologi masih dalam batas aman melakukan kegiatan radiodiagnostik.

Kata kunci: Kontur isodosis, dosis paparan radiasi, dan radiasi sekunder
Dynamic optimization of low-density polyethylene production in tubular reactor under thermal safety constraint
Authors: Azmi A. , Sata S.A. , Rohman F.S. , Aziz N.
Published: July 2020

A commercial low-density polyethylene (LDPE) which is produced by the polymerization process of ethylene in the presence of initiators in a long tubular reactor is the most widely used in polymer industry. The highly exothermic nature of the LDPE polymerization process and the heating-cooling prerequisite in the tubular reactor can lead to various problems, particularly safety in terms of thermal runaway and productivity, i.e., decreasing monomer conversion. Therefore, model-based optimization of an industrial LDPE tubular reactor under thermal safety consideration is required to be implemented. A first principle model for this process is developed and validated using industrial data. Mass and energy balances have been derived from kinetics of LDPE polymerization. Thereafter, an expression of reactor temperature under critical condition is developed and incorporated in the reference model for the thermal safety study. In order to ensure the process is thermally safe and meets the desired product grade, the constrained dynamic optimization is proposed to maximize the conversion of the monomer using orthogonal collocation (OC). The dynamic optimization result shows that the maximum reaction temperature under critical condition constraint can be satisfied by optimizing the reactor jacket. Moreover, it is achieved without jeopardizing the monomer conversion and the product grade.
Cardiovascular determinants of aerobic exercise capacity in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gulsin Gaurav S , Henson Joseph , Brady Emer M , Sargeant Jack A , Wilmot Emma G , Athithan Lavanya , Htike Zin Z , Marsh Anna-Marie , Biglands John D , Kellman Peter , Khunti Kamlesh , Webb David , Davies Melanie J , Yates Thomas , McCann Gerry P
Published: July 2020

Objective

To assess the
relationship between subclinical cardiac dysfunction and aerobic exercise
capacity (peak VO2) in adults with type 2 diabetes
(T2D), a group at high risk of developing heart failure.

Research design and methods

Cross-sectional study. We prospectively enrolled a multi-ethnic
cohort of asymptomatic adults with T2D and no history, signs or symptoms of
cardiovascular disease. Age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched controls were
recruited for comparison. Participants underwent bio-anthropometric profiling,
cardiopulmonary exercise testing and cardiovascular magnetic resonance with
adenosine stress perfusion imaging. Multivariable linear regression analysis
was undertaken to identify independent associations between measures of
cardiovascular structure and function and peak VO2.

Results

Two hundred and forty seven adults with T2D (age 51.8±11.9 years,
55% males, 37% black or south Asian ethnicity, HbA1c 7.4±1.1% (57±12 mmol/mol),
duration of diabetes 61 (32 – 120) months and 78 controls were included.
Subjects with T2D had increased concentric left ventricular (LV) remodelling,
reduced myocardial perfusion reserve, and markedly lower aerobic exercise
capacity (peak VO2 18.0±6.6
vs. 27.8±9.0mL/kg/min, p<0.001) compared with controls. In a multivariable
linear regression model containing age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status and
systolic blood pressure, only myocardial perfusion reserve (β=0.822, p=0.006)
and E/e’ (β= -0.388, p=0.001) were independently associated with peak VO2 in subjects with T2D.

Conclusions

In a multi-ethnic cohort of asymptomatic people with T2D, myocardial
perfusion reserve and diastolic function are key determinants of aerobic
exercise capacity, independent of age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, or blood
pressure.
MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA GURU SMK SWASTA DI WILAYAH TIMUR KABUPATEN PEMALANG
Authors: Hakim Arif Rahman , Muhdi Muhdi
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to (1) To find out the importance of work motivation on vocational teacher job satisfaction in the supervision of the eastern part of Pemalang Regency, (2) to find out the effect of compensation on job satisfaction of private Vocational Teachers in the supervisory area of the eastern part of Pemalang Regency, (3) to determine the effect of work motivation and compensation on job satisfaction of private vocational school teachers in the supervisory region of the eastern part of Pemalang Regency. Data collection method used was a questionnaire method. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis, test requirements and hypothesis testing which includes simple linear regression analysis and multiple regression analysis. Factors that affect teacher job satisfaction include work motivation and compensation 54.4%, the remaining 45.6% is influenced by variables outside the study. Work motivation and compensation of teachers in private vocational supervisory regions in the eastern part of Pemalang Regency are categorized while the job satisfaction of teachers in private vocational supervisory areas in the eastern part of Pemalang district is categorized high.
Digital Transformation Trend in Vietnam Higher Education: Blended Learning Model
Authors: Tang Sang My , Tien Hung Nguyen
Published: July 2020

In the era of digital technology, higher education in Vietnam should plan strategies for developing a blended learning model, in which, besides improving face-to-face learning activities, investing in online learning activities is a strategic goal not only to expand the learners’s market share but also to transform the training model to use technology for modifying and improving the quality of education. The paper focuses on the study of forms and levels of combined learning models, discussing the situation and solutions for applying blended learning models to higher education institutions in Vietnam.
KEJAHATAN ASUSILA DALAM NOVEL DRUPADI KARYA SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA
Authors: Nabila Hanan
Published: July 2020

perjalanan hidup Drupadi yang luar biasa. Drupadi sosok wanita cerdas, kuat, dan kelembutannya mampu memberi perlawanan atas penghinaan dan kejahatan asusila yang dilakukan Kurawa. Drupadi digambarkan sebagai wanita poliandri yang hidupnya sengsara tapi ia tetap bersetia kepada takdir. Permasalahan yang disoroti oleh peneliti adalah tentang kejahatan asusila yang terjadi di dalam novel Drupadi karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk memberikan penjelasan yang terperinci dan mendalam mengenai suatu permasalahan sosial yang tedapat di dalam novel yang berjudul Drupadi karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sosiologi sastra. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa novel Drupadi. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai bentuk-bentuk tindak kejahatan asusila dalam novel Drupadi  karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma, Faktor-faktor penyebab kejahatan asusila dalam novel Drupadi karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma, dan keterkaitan pendidikan dan pengembangan karakter dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia melalui kearifan lokal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap novel Drupadi karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk-bentuk kejahatan sosial yang terjadi di dalam novel yaitu kejahatan perkosaan dan pelecehan seksual.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR CERPEN BERMUATAN KEARIFAN LOKAL PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 TANAH PINEM
Authors: SEMBIRING MASTA MARSELINA
Published: July 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk  mendeskripsikan: (1) Hasil uji guru dan ahli mengenai produk pengembangan materi cerpen bermuatan kearifan lokal kelas VII, (2) keterpakaian pengembangan materi ajar cerpen bermuatan kearifan lokal bagi guru dan siswa, (3) Hasil belajar menulis cerpen dengan pengembangan materi cerpen bermutaan kearifan lokal dapat dikuasai oleh siswa SMP kelas VII. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development/R&D). Metode ini digunakan karena mengembangkan bahan ajar  bahasa indonesia siswa kelas VII SMP pokok bahasan teks cerita pendek mengangkat tema-tema lokal. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Pinem yang terletak di Kutabuluh, Kec. Tanah Pinem dengan rata-rata jumlah siswa 38 orang untuk uji coba dan 2 orang guru sebagai observer. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Instrurnen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dikelompokkan menjadi 3 macam yaitu: (1) Instrumen validasi  buku ajar cerpen bermuatan kearifan lokal dan LAS, (2) Instrumen tes hasil belajar, dan (3) lembar pengamatan. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan (1) hasil uji guru dan ahli mengenai produk pengembangan bahan ajar dan LAS materi cerpen bermuatan kearifan lokal kelas VII mendapat hasil yang sangat baik dan hasil validasi LAS memperoleh skor yang sangat baik. (2) Keterpakaian pengembangan bahan jar cerpen bermuatan kearifan lokal dan LAS bagi guru dan juga sangat baik. Hasil pengamatan terhadap  siswa mengenai keterpakaian buku ajar dan  LAS  bahwa sebagian besar siswa sudah merasa senang terhadap kegiatan belajar mengajar, yaitu 50 % senang dan 36,85 % sangat senang. (3) Berdasarkan uji coba pembelajaran menggunakan buku ajar dan LAS cerpen bermuatan kearifan lokal dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada  mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia khususnya materi membangun teks cerpen. Hasil tes awal diketahui rata-rata pretest kelas kontrol 63,25 dan skor rata-rata posttest sebesar 66,69 yang berarti terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar sebesar 3,44. Selisih persentase kenaikan dari pretest ke posttest pada kelas kontrol 5,44%. Hasil kelompok eksprimen diketahui skor rata-rata pretest 60,79 dan skor rata-rata posttest sebesar  76,26 yang berarti terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar sebesar 15,47. Selisih persentase kenaikan dari pretest ke posttest lebih besar kelas eksprimen dengan 25,45%.Kata Kunci : Bahan Pembelajaran, Cerpen, Kearifan Lokal
Remote Control using Voice Recognition based on Arduino
Authors: N. Shehab Jinan
Published: July 2020

Home automation becomes important, because it gives the user convenient and easy method to use home appliances. This paper aims to help people with special needs or physical disabilities and injuries by paralysis to control any device using infrared technology using voice commands based on the voice recognition system (voice recognition unit V3) system can recognize voice commands, convert them to desired data coordination and data transmission via IR transmitter and microcontroller (Arduino Uno) Receiving this signal by IR sensor to control TV receiver then get a full remote control that works by voice commands. The software consists of a Micro C language programmable microcontroller. This system is of low cost and flexible with growing variety of devices that can be controlled.
HADITHS SCEPTICISM AUTHENTICITY (Critique to Orientalist Gautier H.A. Juynbool in Common Link Theory)
Authors: Dozan Wely , Fahrurazi Fahrurazi
Published: July 2020

This paper tries to discuss the thought of hadith in the eyes of the Orientalist one of them is Gautier H.A. Juynbool in theory is known as the common link which is the oldest narrator in the level of sanad after the best friend or tabiin who is responsible for spreading the hadith extensively either formally or informally to some students, then these students spread the hadith to several students as well . In other words, the common link is found in the Sanad bundle where the hadith was first spread. There are several terms in the analysis, including: First, Single Strand (Single Track). Second, Partial Common Link. Third, Invertedpartial Common Link. Fourth, Fulan, Fifth, Diving Strand. Sixth, Spider (spider). The approach used is the literature study approach is a search for related data through books, journals, articles and so on. The conclusion is that, the theory (common link) if applied in the hadith still the hadith does not come from the Prophet but the hadith comes from the tabi'in which is transmitted to the next generation.