bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Abortion Service Accessibility and Reproductive Healthcare for Migrants in Poland and Canada
Authors: Chuprynska Olena
Published: October 2024

Amidst the 2022 humanitarian crisis triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Poland and Canada emerged as key destinations for displaced individuals, notably women and children. This study delves into the comparative analysis of reproductive healthcare accessibility for migrants in these two countries, highlighting the stark contrasts in policy, legal frameworks, and practical challenges faced by migrant women, particularly concerning the availability of abortion services. In Poland, stringent abortion laws, exacerbated by recent legislative changes, pose significant hurdles for migrant women seeking reproductive healthcare. Bans on abortion, except in cases of rape, incest, or life-threatening situations, lead to unsafe procedures, raising concerns about maternal mortality rates. Involvement of conservative organizations further complicates matters, infringing upon women’s autonomy. Conversely, Canada’s liberal stance on abortion sharply contrasts with Poland’s policies. Yet, migrant women in Canada encounter barriers such as language, lack of awareness, financial constraints, and healthcare system deficiencies. Remote areas exacerbate obstacles due to limited healthcare access and unstable employment. This research aims to shed light on the disparities in reproductive healthcare accessibility for migrant women in Poland and Canada. The methods employed include a thorough literature review and analysis of policy documents. Key conclusions drawn from this study underscore the urgent need for policy reforms and interventions to address migrant women’s divergent reproductive healthcare experiences. Suggested measures include migrant-friendly healthcare centers, multilingual resources, and financial support to ensure equitable access. Collaborative efforts among governments, healthcare providers, and civil society are deemed essential to uphold reproductive rights and health for migrant women.
Icelandic Women in Manitoba: Exploring the Role and Significance of Social and Cultural Capital in a Gender Context
Authors: Rachwał Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

This study examines the Icelandic diaspora in Canada, with a particular focus on the province of Manitoba, highlighting the social and cultural capital of Icelandic women immigrants who played a pivotal role in forming not only their own communities, but also in shaping Canadian civil rights for women. Despite the challenges of migration, over 100,000 Icelanders have established a notable presence in Canada, prompting an examination of how Icelandic women utilized their unique backgrounds to achieve successful assimilation. The study sheds light on immigration patterns and the biographies of three prominent Icelandic-Canadian women (Jóhanna Ketilsdóttir, Anna Sigrídur Gudmundsdóttir Sigbjörnsson and Ingibjörg Björnsdóttir), reconstructed using newspapers and obituary data. Moreover, this chapter demonstrates how these women strategically employed their social and cultural capital to navigate within Canadian society, thereby contributing to a variety of fields related to women’s rights. A particular focus is placed on the key figure of Margaret Benedictsson, whose leadership in the women’s suffrage movement in Manitoba exemplifies the profound impact of social capital, education, and gender equality advocacy on the Icelandic-Canadian narrative. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the Icelandic- Canadian experience, emphasizing the instrumental roles played by social and cultural capital in the assimilation and contributions of Icelandic women immigrants to the fabric of Canadian society.
Price Formation in Markets with Trading Delays
Authors: Pintér Gábor , Üslü Semih
Published: October 2024

We develop a parsimonious price formation model to study information aggregation and information acquisition in the presence of trading delays. If delays apply uniformly to uninformed and informed traders, the level of delays does not affect information aggregation. Traders’ information acquisition incentives are, however, weaker in a market with longer delays. Therefore, the equilibrium fraction of informed traders is lower if delays are longer, establishing an inverse relationship between trading delays and price informativeness. We also show that risk premia and price dispersion tend to be nonmonotonic functions of the level of delays when information acquisition is endogenous. We document novel empirical evidence from the UK corporate bond market, which largely corroborates the implications of our theory.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.01400 .
Securities Markets in Which Some Investors Receive Information About Cash Flow Betas
Authors: Huang Shiyang , Schneemeier Jan , Subrahmanyam Avanidhar , Yang Liyan
Published: October 2024

We analyze a single-factor setting in which there is private information regarding cash flows as well as their betas. Private information about betas, together with market makers’ risk aversion and mean betas’ nonnegativity, implies a nonlinear price schedule whose stochastic slope covaries positively with order flow when the expected factor payoff is positive and vice versa. We predict a negative relation between the covariance and expected returns and an attenuation of the beta anomaly in asset returns after accounting for this relation. Empirical tests confirm these predictions.

This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance.

Funding: L. Yang acknowledges the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [Grant 435-2021-0040] and Bank of Canada Fellowship for financial support.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02061 .
The effect of corticosteroid injections in the treatment of greater trochanteric pain syndrome: lessons for advanced practitioners
Authors: McCarney Miriam , Brennan Chris , Bunting Stephen , Hill Stephen , Hill James Edward
Published: October 2024

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a broad term employed to characterise lateral hip pain originating from the structures attached to the greater trochanter of the femur. It can lead to a decrease in work participation, elevated levels of pain and dysfunction impeding physical activity and a diminished quality of life; these features align with those observed in individuals with severe hip osteoarthritis. Effectively managing GTPS can present considerable challenges. Generally, patients with GTPS tend to respond favourably to conservative management techniques, such as corticosteroid injections. However, there is still some debate regarding the specific estimation of effect that corticosteroid injections have. This was recently explored in a systematic review by Wang et al (2022) . This commentary critically assesses the methodologies used in the review and provides a broader understanding of its findings in the context of the four pillars of advanced practice: clinical practice, leadership, education and research.
Advanced practice nursing in the United States: autonomy and full practice authority
Authors: Mackavey Carole
Published: October 2024

In the second of a two-part look into advancing practice in the US, Carole Mackavey discusses the benefits and challenges associated with full practice authority, and explores the legislative and cultural barriers that have limited its spread among nurse practitioners
A Survey on Safety Accidents in Clinical Practice of Nursing Students
Authors: Park Jeong Sook , Lee Jae-Young , Park Mi-Hyang
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to investigate the type of safety accidents experienced by nursing students during clinical practice in hospital and to determine the safety accident experiences according to the general characteristics of nursing students. Methods: The subjects of the study were 340 senior nursing students who experienced clinical practice of 9 nursing colleges in 7 regions of Korea. Data collection was done using the general characteristics and the safety accidents in clinical practice of nursing students tool that the researchers developed and took validity verification. Result: The most common safety accident in clinical practice was physical/psychological burnout, experienced by 111 students (32.6%). The second was psychological violence, experienced by 86(25.3%), and the third was needle stick/sharps Injuries, experienced by 63(18.5%). The fourth were musculoskeletal problems and sexual violence, each experienced by 43(12.6%). The occurrence of physical/ psychological burnout significantly differs depending on gender (χ2=16.40, p<.001), personality trait (χ2=7.03, p=.008), class lesson score (χ2=10.39, p=.006), university affiliated hospital (χ2=9.73, p=.002), health status (χ2=40.06, p<.001), and fatigue level (χ2=11.42, p=.003). The occurrence of traumatic injuries significantly differs depending on health status (χ2=11.89, p=.003). The occurrence of psychological violence significantly differs depending on personality traits (χ2=4.52, p=.033), health status (χ2=10.17, p=.006), and stress level (χ2=9.13, p=.010). Conclusion: In order to prevent and cope with safety accidents in clinical practice, universities and hospitals should have an organic relationship and provide education on accident prevention for nursing students, continuous monitoring of safety accidents, and develop in-hospital safety protocols for nursing students.
Blockchain in Healthcare: Overview of Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Wilson Sareena , Sinha Vishal Kumar , Malik Sushma , Rana Anamika
Published: October 2024

There are numerous healthcare issues which show the potential of blockchain technology such as transparency, interoperability and security of data. Through this study, it tries to offer a very deep explanation of where the Blockchain applications today stand for in the healthcare domain emphasising on possible benefits from the technology and some known challenges that are being faced while actuating those. We then use blockchain applications in the above-mentioned aspects to explain different aspects of use of Blockchain in healthcare like supply chain management, clinical trials, secure medical data exchange and patient empowerment. We also talk about Blockchain from implementation point of view – smart contracts, consensus methods and data privacy. In this publication, we determine whether deploying Blockchain in healthcare raises ethical and legal issues and how existing issues can be addressed. In conclusion, we describe future directions for research and opportunities to use Blockchain to improve healthcare delivery and outcomes.
Communication competency for dental hygienists in Korea : a scoping review
Authors: Kim Da-Eun , Jang Jong-Hwa
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the literature and related factors used in communication competency scales for dental hygienists in Korea. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using a five-step method of setting research questions: searching for related studies; selecting literature; recording data; and comparing results, summarizing, and reporting. Results: Of the 19 studies selected, 15 were quantitative and four were qualitative. The most frequently used communication competency scale was the life skills measurement tool, and the related variables were, first, job satisfaction and, second, turnover intention, with most individual perspective studies. Communication positively affected job satisfaction and negatively affected turnover intention. Conclusions: Communication competency of dental hygienists was an important job-related factor; however, the comunication competency scale was insufficient. Therefore, the development of a patient-centered dental hygienist communication competency scale is suggested.
The impact of alcohol consumption and binge drinking on the risk of dental trauma in South Korean adolescents
Authors: Lee So-Hyeon , Kim Yea-Hoon , Lee Young-Eun , Jung Yun-Sook
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of alcohol consumption and binge drinking on the occurrence of dental trauma in South Korean adolescents. Methods: Data were analyzed from the South Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which used a complex sampling design to ensure representativeness. A total of 52,875 adolescent were included in this study. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between alcohol consumption and tooth fractures. Confounders such as gender, education, city, academic performance, economic status, etc. were adjusted. Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed that alcohol consumption was significantly associated with tooth fractures in adolescents. After adjusting for all factors in Model 3 of binge drinking, the odds ratio remained statistically significant at 1.331 (95% CI: 1.064-1.664). Conclusions: Alcohol consumption and binge drinking increase the risk of tooth fractures in adolescents. Preventive measures targeting alcohol-related behaviors in this population are crucial for improving oral health outcomes.
Consulting Fragments on a Textual Basis: Proposing a Production Date and Place for the Freer Shāhnāma and Its Journey to the West
Authors: Shapouran Ali
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This essay is an exploration of textual methodologies used to determine the place and date of origin of fragments from a dispersed manuscript. The author uses an illustrated Shāhnāma codex as a case study for the roles of textual analysis, examination of codicological features, and historical data in dating fragments. The results of these various methodologies inform the dating of dispersed leaves, along with potential provenance history that might help uncover additional leaves. The author posits this example as a model for future examination of similar books that have been dismantled and circulated on the open market with the details of their origins being lost in the process.
In an Archive of Fragments: The Loud Silences of Cod. Sang. 1394
Authors: Fafinski Mateusz
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Fragments are collected in various forms of archives. This essay investigates a particularly vexing archive of fragments, the Cod. Sang. 1394, compiled at the beginning of the nineteenth century in the monastery of St. Gallen. Fragments in the collection represent a wide spectrum of chirographic production and include Latin, Hebrew, and German texts ranging from the fifth to the fifteenth century in date. By analyzing a selection of Latin and Hebrew case studies from this archive, the article aims to reevaluate the nature of refragmentation and the problems arising from selective cataloguing of fragments. It proposes an identification of previously neglected fragments and discusses the nature of Cod. Sang. 1394 as a codex on its own. Finally, it problematizes how fragments exist today in the state of disjoined digital existence, and what consequences does this bring for our research.
Urban Talk: Communication across Class and Gender in Watch and Ward
Authors: Buonomo Leonardo
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article discusses both verbal and non-verbal communication in James’s first novel Watch and Ward (1871), more specifically in the three final chapters set in New York. In a novel in which other locations remain largely undefined, James’s portrayal of New York—his first extensive fictional use of his birthplace—stands out as a powerful evocation of a nightmarish urban environment wherein the heroine, Nora Lambert, feels under threat from the moment of her arrival. There, men, women, and things all convey the brutal message that relationships are purely transactional and human beings are nothing but commodities.
Distant Relations: The Othered Construction and Communicability of Mona Brigstock and Communities Offstage
Authors: Chambré Sarah
Published: October 2024

Abstract: In The Spoils of Poynton , Henry James draws on his dramatic experience to represent his protagonists in a spatial configuration enacting a gradation of allocated character space. Mona Brigstock occupies a paradoxical position—absent for much of the novel, she initially dominates the mimetic onstage action as the central protagonists represent her, speaking of, for, and about her. Shadowy undifferentiated figures suggest a larger world acting as an offstage chorus to the action. Mona shifts literally and diegetically further from the portrayed action over the course of the novel ultimately being absorbed by the chorus of her social class.
"Artificial Mothers" on Display: How Public Exhibits Shaped the Development of Incubators
Authors: Stephens Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

abstract: For the first four decades of the twentieth century, premature babies in the United States were primarily treated in infant incubators not in hospitals, but in a public setting—at the Coney Island amusement park. Although incubators are now an indispensable medical device, their origins lie in public exhibitions rather than a professional medical environment. This article uncovers the longer history behind this unusual episode in neonatal care and technology. Offering the first comprehensive account of the early history of the infant incubator, it traces how these devices were first developed and showcased at exhibition sites across Europe in the 1890s. A comparative study of these exhibitions in Europe and the United States from 1890 to 1943 highlights significant differences in how industry, science, education, and spectacle interacted in each country. Moreover, it examines the changing relationship between public displays and professional medicine during this period, illustrating how technology developed in public spaces before transitioning into the professional medical domain.
Clock-offset measurement over a 50 km nonreciprocal fiber link with linear optical sampling
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Meng Fei , Tang Bo , Wu Yunfeng , Song Yanrong
Published: October 2024

We demonstrated a sub-100 picosecond level transmission stability clock-offset measurement via a 50 km nonreciprocal fiber link with a dual comb LOS technique. This experiment result supports the remote high precision time and frequency transmission and synchronization of two or more combs over practical commercial optical communication system fiber links, which conformed to the DWDM international standards system. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first similar demonstration have been reported.
Machine Learning For Risk Prediction After Heart Failure Emergency Department Visit or Hospital Admission Using Administrative Health Data
Authors: Fine Nowell M. , Kalmady Sunil V. , Sun Weijie , Greiner Russ , Howlett Jonathan G. , White James A. , McAlister Finlay A. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Kaul Padma
Published: October 2024

Aims

Patients visiting the emergency department (ED) or hospitalized for heart failure (HF) are at increased risk for subsequent adverse outcomes, however effective risk stratification remains challenging. We utilized a machine-learning (ML)-based approach to identify HF patients at risk of adverse outcomes after an ED visit or hospitalization using a large regional administrative healthcare data system.

Methods and results

Patients visiting the ED or hospitalized with HF between 2002–2016 in Alberta, Canada were included. Outcomes of interest were 30-day and 1-year HF-related ED visits, HF hospital readmission or all-cause mortality. We applied a feature extraction method using deep feature synthesis from multiple sources of health data and compared performance of a gradient boosting algorithm (CatBoost) with logistic regression modelling. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) was used to assess model performance. We included 50,630 patients with 93,552 HF ED visits/hospitalizations. At 30-day follow-up in the holdout validation cohort, the AUC-ROC for the combined endpoint of HF ED visit, HF hospital readmission or death for the Catboost and logistic regression models was 74.16 (73.18–75.11) versus 62.25 (61.25–63.18), respectively. At 1-year follow-up corresponding values were 76.80 (76.1–77.47) versus 69.52 (68.77–70.26), respectively. AUC-ROC values for the endpoint of all-cause death alone at 30-days and 1-year follow-up were 83.21 (81.83–84.41) versus 69.53 (67.98–71.18), and 85.73 (85.14–86.29) versus 69.40 (68.57–70.26), for the CatBoost and logistic regression models, respectively.

Conclusions

ML-based modelling with deep feature synthesis provided superior risk stratification for HF patients at 30-days and 1-year follow-up after an ED visit or hospitalization using data from a large administrative regional healthcare system.
Application of FISH based G2-PCC assay for the cytogenetic assessment of high radiation dose exposures: Potential implications for rapid triage biodosimetry
Authors: Smith Tammy L. , Ryan Terri L. , Escalona Maria B. , Shuryak Igor E. , Balajee Adayabalam S.
Published: October 2024

The main goal of this study is to test the utility of calyculin A induced G2-PCC assay as a biodosimetry triage tool for assessing a wide range of low and acute high radiation dose exposures of photons. Towards this initiative, chromosome aberrations induced by low and high doses of x-rays were evaluated and characterized in G2-prematurely condensed chromosomes (G2-PCCs) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using human centromere and telomere specific PNA (peptide nucleic acid) probes. A dose dependent increase in the frequency of dicentric chromosomes was observed in the G2-PCCs up to 20 Gy of x-rays. The combined yields of dicentrics and rings in the G2-PCCs showed a clear dose dependency up to 20 Gy from 0.02/cell for 0.1 Gy to 14.98/cell for 20 Gy. Centric rings were observed more frequently than acentric ring chromosomes in the G2-PCCs at all the radiation doses from 1 Gy to 20 Gy. A head-to-head comparison was also performed by FISH on the yields of chromosome aberrations induced by different doses of x-rays (0 Gy -7.5 Gy) in colcemid arrested metaphase chromosomes and calyculin A induced G2-PCCs. In general, the frequencies of dicentrics, rings and acentric fragments were slightly higher in G2-PCCs than in colcemid arrested metaphase chromosomes at all the radiation doses, but the differences were not statistically significant. To reduce the turnaround time for absorbed radiation dose estimation, attempt was made to obtain G2-PCCs by reducing the culture time to 36 hrs. The absorbed doses estimated in x-rays irradiated (0,1,2 and 4 Gy) G2-PCCs after 36 hrs of culture were grossly like that of G2-PCCs and colcemid arrested metaphase chromosomes prepared after 48 hrs of culture. Our study indicates that the shortened version of calyculin A induced G2-PCC assay coupled with the FISH staining technique can serve as an effective triage biodosimetry tool for large-scale radiological/nuclear incidents.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the prevention of osteoporosis among middle and old-aged women of Kirtipur Municipality, Nepal
Authors: Khanal Surakshya , Rajbanshi Manish , Rana Aashish , Wagle Subash , Aryal Richa , Neupane Dinesh Raj , Bhandari Buna
Published: October 2024

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem that can lead to physical disability, working performance limitations, decreased self-sufficiency, and increased hospitalization and mortality rates. People are unaware of osteoporosis, and it is often undiagnosed until fractures occur. Limited studies have been conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding osteoporosis among middle-aged women in Nepal. This study aimed to determine existing knowledge, attitude, and practice towards osteoporosis among middle and old-aged women in Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the selected wards of Kirtipur Municipality to recruit 405 participants. Participants were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire were performed to collect the data. Frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the characteristics of participants. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding osteoporosis. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding osteoporosis. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 46.2 ±9.1 years. Nearly half of the participants (48.8%) had good knowledge, while 57.7% and 51.8% had positive attitudes and good practices regarding osteoporosis, respectively. The occupation and income of the participants were statistically significant and associated with the knowledge level. Meanwhile, age, ethnicity, education, occupation, and monthly household income were associated with attitude level. With a good practice level, ethnicity, family type, and education were statistically significant. The knowledge-attitude (rka = 0.093, p < 0.05), attitude-practice (rap = 0.171, p < 0.001), and knowledge-practice (rkp = 0.274, p < 0.001) for osteoporosis were positively correlated. The study found that still around half of the middle and old-aged women had poor knowledge, negative attitudes, and poor practices regarding osteoporosis. Moreover, it highlighted inadequate dietary practices, such as low consumption of milk, vegetables, fruits, and calcium supplements among women, indicates are at greater risk of osteoporosis. The study emphasized the need for community-based awareness programs for the target population such as housemakers, and lower-income groups, to prevent osteoporosis among women.
Song Lyrics Generation Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Le Khuong , Cannon Casey , Parekh Deep , Vinjamury Nandan
Published: October 2024

This research covered various lyric generation using machine learning methods and models such as context-free grammars (CFG), genetic algorithms (GA), the skip-gram model, and long short-term memory (LSTM). Research about the advantages and disadvantages of these models was conducted and analyzed throughout the process. We concluded that the LSTM model outperforms other approaches in terms of generating lyrics that not only sound grammatically correct but also have meanings and are capable of maintaining coherence over extended passages. This advancement will be a great leap forward for all industries, particularly the technology industry.
Floral fortification: Post-harvest strategies for enhancing flower longevity
Authors: B. Pavani  , S. Karthikeyan  , C. Subesh Ranjith Kumar  , N. Sritharan  , R. Poorniammal
Published: October 2024

Due to their perishable nature, the floriculture industry faces significant challenges in preserving the freshness and quality of cut flowers post-harvest. Traditional preservation methods are often inadequate for maintaining flowers' aesthetic and biological value during storage and transport. This review explores the innovative application of nanotechnology in extending the shelf life of cut flowers. Nanoparticles, such as silver and zinc oxide, exhibit unique properties that effectively delay senescence and reduce microbial growth. By examining recent advances and case studies, this review highlights how nanomaterials can enhance water uptake, improve resistance to ethylene, and maintain turgidity in various floral species. Integrating these nanotechnologies promises to revolutionize post-harvest handling, offering significant improvements in flower quality and economic returns for the floriculture sector.
The Underlying Cognitive Processes of Thin Slices Judgments on Teaching Quality
Authors: Vinokic Konstantin , Begrich Lukas , Kunter Mareike , Kuger Susanne
Published: October 2024

Thin slices ratings (i.e., ratings based on first impressions) have yielded intriguingly accurate results in various domains. Among other, researcher have applied the thin slices technique to assess instructional quality, showing that teacher-student interactions can be reliably inferred by just very short snippets of classroom instruction. The accuracy of thin slices ratings is often explained by dual process theories of social cognition, whereby System 1 refers to an intuitive and fast way of processing, while System 2 denotes a more reflective and analytical way of processing. System 1 is considered the cognitive foundation of thin slices ratings. The central aim of the present study was to understand the underlying cognitive processes shaping the impression formation of thin slices raters of teaching quality. Therefore, an unconventional and innovative research design was required to gain insights into the cognitive “black box” of thin slices raters by examining their verbal data. In an exploratory mixed method research design, we set up Cognitive Laboratories with two different rating situations. In a thin slices rating situation, participants rated instructional quality based on short classroom videos (30 seconds). Participants in a long-video rating situation rated instructional quality based on longer classroom videos (10 minutes). We collected, coded and statistically analyzed participants’ verbal reports regarding their rating processes. The findings suggest that thin slices ratings evolve primarily based on typical processes of System 1 and not on those of System 2. For instance, thin slices ratings are associative and tend to be rather negative than positive. Moreover, an initially formed impression tends to remain stable and is resistant to alteration. Ratings of instructional quality based on longer videos rely on both cognitive systems, with System 2 possibly modifying an initial judgment. Thus, our study does not only explain the cognitive processes under-lying the thin slices ratings, but additionally provides valuable insights into the processes occurring in conventional rating settings.
The Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine in Times of Independence and Martial Law: Development Strategy, Preservation, and International Co-operation
Authors: Dubrovina Lyubov , Kovtaniuk Yurii , Lobuzina Kateryna , Demianiuk Liudmyla
Published: October 2024

This article explores the operational realities faced by the major national libraries in Ukraine during the period of independence and martial law, including shifts in priorities and the development and preservation of digital resources with research and historical-cultural significance at the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine. It also examines the increased involvement in European open science projects and underscores the critical role of European partnerships in safeguarding national and global cultural heritage, particularly against potential loss during wartime conflicts.
From “Difficult to Find” to “Picking from the Flood”: A Turning Point to the Turning of the Times
Authors: Svoboda Martin
Published: October 2024

The article exposes the evolution of scholarly information availability and processing in Czechoslovak/Czech information centres and libraries over the past five decades, linked to developments in information and communication technologies, as seen by an active participant. It also reflects the author’s perspective on the peculiarities of the Czech higher education system and the role of key figures in librarianship history.
Comparison of nutritional value of the wild and cultivated spiny loaches at three growth stages
Authors: Zeng Zeguo , Zeng Qingxiang , Lu Xinmin , Zheng Miao , Fang Yuan , Guo Jing , Luo Fang , Zeng Xiaorong , Cai Zhihuan , Liu Bin , Deng Lifang , Zeng Fei , Zou Xianguo
Published: October 2024

Environmental pollution and overfishing of wild spiny loach have led to the increased demand for breeding the fish. However, the nutritional value between the wild and cultivated spiny loaches was unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional components among the wild and cultivated spiny loaches at different growth stages by analyzing and comparing the proximate compositions, fatty acids, amino acids and volatile compounds. Results showed that the cultivated ones had significantly higher energy and fat contents than the wild. Particularly, the cultivated second-age spiny loach contained the highest contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (4.83 ± 0.01%) and EPA + DHA (0.85 ± 0.02%). Besides, the total essential amino acid content of cultivated second-age spiny loach was 2201.28, exceeding that recommended in the FAO/WTO scoring pattern (2,190). And it had the highest flavor amino acid (6.24 ± 0.04 g/100 g), essential amino acid index value (71.82) and higher contents of volatile compounds. Overall, the cultivated spiny loach, especially that at the second growth stage, displayed the highest nutritional value. The findings of this study would help farmers to harvest the suitable breeding stage of spiny loaches from the perspective of nutritional value, which is beneficial to the sustainable fish farming.
Efficient and reliable corrosion control for subsea assets: challenges in the design and testing of corrosion probes in aggressive marine environments
Authors: Odeyemi Olushola Olufemi , Alaba Peter Adeniyi
Published: October 2024

This review discusses the challenges in designing and testing corrosion probes for aggressive marine environments. The objectives are to analyze existing literature, identify methodological problems, and highlight research gaps in subsea corrosion control. To achieve these, a comprehensive review of relevant literature was conducted, focusing on factors like high salinity, fluctuating temperatures, and the presence of corrosive agents. The methods involved synthesizing information from peer-reviewed articles, industry reports, and academic publications to thoroughly analyze current state of knowledge. The findings of this review highlight the need for standardized testing protocols, improved understanding of material compatibility, and consideration of real-world conditions in corrosion probe design and testing. Methodological problems include the lack of standardized testing protocols, limited understanding of material compatibility, and insufficient consideration of real-world conditions. These findings emphasize the challenges researchers and practitioners face in developing efficient and reliable corrosion control strategies for subsea assets. In terms of novelty and improvement, this manuscript contributes to improving corrosion control practices in aggressive marine environments by synthesizing existing literature, identifying methodological problems, and highlighting gaps. By addressing these challenges, future research can focus on developing innovative solutions and methodologies to enhance the durability and effectiveness of corrosion probes in subsea environments.
Capture and catalytic conversion of CO2 from marine and offshore applications – A review
Authors: Iliuta Ion , Larachi Faïçal
Published: October 2024

This contribution examines recent advances in modeling fluid dynamics and capture/conversion of CO2 from marine and offshore applications in packed-bed columns/trickle-bed reactors subjected to static inclination, externally-induced rolling and heaving motions. Breaking the axial symmetry of the two-phase flow once the packed bed system is tilted results in a significant decrease in process performance, the extent of which is determined by the magnitude of the tilt and the column/reactor diameter. Only the conversion of CO2 from marine engine emissions on-board large cargo ships via catalytic cycloaddition of CO2 to styrene oxide in multiphase large-diameter trickle-bed reactors increases slightly with increasing reactor inclination. Under the externally induced column/reactor oscillations, CO2 capture/conversion performance shifts toward the steady-state solution of the vertical column/reactor as the asymmetry between the two inclined positions decreases. Oscillating (between two inclined symmetrical positions) and heaving packed-bed columns/trickle-bed reactors generate an oscillating performance around the steady-state solution of the vertical static position, which is driven by the amplitude and period of the angular and heaving motions via the continuous evolution of the intensity of the reverse secondary flow and by the magnitude of the reactor/column diameter. The catalytic conversion of CO2 captured from marine emissions via an integrated process coupling reverse water-gas shift reaction and methanol synthesis in a fixed-bed reactors network system shows a remarkable enhancement with the addition of H2O adsorbent to the reaction systems in the sorption-enhanced process periods.
Corrosion Resistance and Fracture Toughness of Cryogenic-Treated X153CrMoV12 Tool Steel
Authors: Acar S. , Ümit T. , Cui C. , Wunde M. , Hantzsche K. , Steinbacher M. , Stockburger R. , Herbst S. , Maier H. J.
Published: October 2024

Cryogenic treatment can be employed as an additional heat treatment step for martensitic steels, particularly high-carbon and high-alloy tool steels, to improve their mechanical properties and wear resistance. This enhancement results from a transformation of retained austenite and precipitation of finely distributed secondary carbides. The present study examines the impact of a shallow cryogenic treatment, performed between the quenching and tempering processes, on the corrosion resistance and fracture toughness of cold work tool steel X153CrMoV12. The influence of the shallow cryogenic treatment was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization test, salt spray tests and three-point bending tests in various hydrogen charging conditions. In addition, the microstructure and phase transformation of the tool steel were investigated using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and dilatometer tests. The results suggest that the shallow cryogenic treatment followed by a single tempering cycle can slightly enhance the corrosion resistance of the steel. More importantly, the shallow cryogenic treatment positively affects fracture toughness and reduces hydrogen susceptibility. It is discussed how these improvements in the properties of the X153CrMoV12 steel are linked to the microstructural changes induced by the shallow cryogenic treatment.
Good Formability Despite High Accompanying Element Content of a Modified 20MnB4 Quenched and Tempered Steel
Authors: Guk S. , Prahl U.
Published: October 2024

This article provides a comparative characterization of the mechanical and technological properties of a modified 20MnB4 quenched and tempered steel that are important for further processing. The aim of the modification was to represent the steel as a secondary steel with a significantly increased holding of accompanying elements to be assumed in the future. The aim was to check whether the increased hardening tendency due to increasing levels of accompanying elements can be compensated for by a targeted reduction in the Mn content without negatively affecting through-hardenability and tempering resistance. An industrially available steel was used as a reference condition. The results showed that the reduction of the Mn content contributed to the increase in cold formability, while a strong decrease in effective hardening depth occurred with an insignificant change in tempering behavior.
Relationship between tutor support, caring self-efficacy and intention to leave of nursing students: the roles of self-compassion as mediator and moderator
Authors: Avilés-González Cesar Iván , Curcio Felice , Dal Molin Alberto , Casalino Monica , Finco Gabriele , Galletta Maura
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Analyze the mediating e moderating roles of self-compassion in the relationship between tutor support and both students’ caring efficacy and intention to leave.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire was conducted.

Results

Self-compassion mediates the relationship between tutor support and students’ caring efficacy. Tutor support play a role on all the facets of self-compassion, but only two dimensions of this variable (mindfulness vs. over-identification) are significantly associated with both the dimensions of caring self-efficacy, with inverse effects. Self-compassion moderates the relationship between tutor support and intention to leave.

Conclusions

Tutor support can improve students’ caring efficacy by helping them to be mindful of their experiences in a nonjudgmental way. Supportive tutor can mitigate intention to leave by increasing self-compassion ability. Implications for International Audience Nursing education programs should implement workshops and briefings to develop students’ self-compassion ability. This can foster perceived caring efficacy in students and reduce intention to leave.
Exploring the mechanical and thermal properties of rubber-based nanocomposite: A comprehensive review
Authors: Panda Sameer , Mishra Swetalina , Pradhan Somalika , Badgayan Nitesh Dhar
Published: October 2024

The emergence and progression of synthetic rubber have paved the way in variegated prospects across various engineering and technological fields. Nonetheless, its inherent limitations such as poor mechanical and thermal properties including wear resistance, poor tensile strength, and lower thermal conductivity, as evident in styrene butadiene rubber and silicone rubber, have constrained its utility in numerous load-bearing scenarios. This limitation has been addressed by incorporating specific nanofillers into various rubber compositions, resulting in promising outcomes up to a certain threshold. Many nanofillers were trialed, such as graphite oxide, aluminum oxide, carbon nanotubes, and boron nitride. However, an attempt should be made to explore the disparity in dimensional attributes of nanofillers and their effect on different properties of rubber, thereby delineating the scope for future research. The exploration of dimensionally distinct nanofillers, such as 1D multiwalled carbon nanotubes and 2D graphene, can overcome these limitations and augment rubber’s mechanical properties and thermal properties. The study also delineates the scope of future research, which should be focused on optimizing the nanofillers’ dispersion and interfacial bonding within the rubber matrix by trying dimensionally different nanofillers.
Revolutionizing Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) in Wastewater Treatment Applications
Authors: Zamel Doaa , Khan Atta Ullah , Emara Rania , Elsalahaty Mohamed I. , Elsayed Ahmed S. S. , Mohamed Tarek M. , Hassan Mohamed M. , Karim Sikander
Published: October 2024

Nanotechnology revealed its unlimited success in many real-life applications. That’s why the incorporation of nanomaterials became vital for solving a lot of current problems. Metal Organic-frameworks (MOFs) are nanomaterials with outstanding advantages such as crystallinity, high surface area, various structures, and adsorption capacity. Furthermore, metal-Organic Frameworks have emerged as versatile and promising materials for various environmental applications, including wastewater treatment. These materials are stable in water which acquire them convenient properties for wastewater treatment applications, for instance adsorption, catalysis, separation and so on. Moreover, MOFs are characterized by their high surface area, tunable pore size, and exceptional adsorption capacity, have shown remarkable potential for the removal of contaminants in wastewater treatment systems. In this review, the variable roles of MOFs in wastewater treatment applications have been discussed and highlighted as well. Herein, we are additionally reviewing the state-of-the-art research trends on the applications of metal-organic framework materials in the removal of pollutants in wastewater treatmen t systems.
To Bag is to Prune
Authors: Goulet Coulombe Philippe
Published: October 2024

It is notoriously difficult to build a bad Random Forest (RF). Concurrently, RF blatantly overfits in-sample without apparent consequences out-of-sample. Arguments like the bias-variance trade-off or double descent cannot rationalize this paradox. I propose a new explanation: bootstrap aggregation and model perturbation as implemented by RF automatically prune a latent “true” tree. More generally, I document that randomized ensembles of greedily optimized learners implicitly perform optimal early stopping out-of-sample. So, letting RF overfit the training data is a dominant tuning strategy against nature’s undisclosed choice of noise level. Additionally, novel ensembles of Boosting and MARS are also eligible. I empirically demonstrate the property, with simulated and real data, by reporting that these new completely overfitting ensembles perform similarly to their tuned counterparts – or better.
The Identification of Problems in Creating Sustainable Organisations in Ghana
Authors: Amofa-Appiah Dennis
Published: October 2024

Organisations have been implementing strategies in their business to enhance the continuity of their operations. The emerging issues
related to environmental and social problems have made organisations implement sustainability strategies in their business activities.
The purpose of the study is to identify the problems in building sustainable organisations, and to make recommendations that will
improve sustainable organisations. The article consists of three main parts. The first is the theoretical part, which analyses the challenges
relating to sustainability implementations. The second involves the research methodology, which combined both quantitative
and qualitative methods in the study. The third part of the research focuses on empirical analysis and evaluation. The findings reveal
problems relating to an organisation’s inability to reward and motivate employees’ work or activities done, a lack of local funding
associated with environmentally friendly materials, and a lack of economic development sustainability policies. The research concludes
with recommendations for the effective building of a sustainable organisation.
Pagrindinių sveikatos priežiūros profilaktikos programų nepakankamo naudojimo Lietuvoje priežastys
Authors: Žegunis Kristupas , Stašys Rimantas
Published: October 2024

Straipsnyje tiriamos ir analizuojamos nepakankamo sveikatos priežiūros profilaktikos programų naudojimo priežastys. Siekiama nustatyti
pagrindinius veiksnius ir priežastis, lemiančius nepakankamą sveikatos priežiūros profilaktikos programų naudojimą Lietuvoje.
Įgyvendinant šį tikslą analizuota mokslinė literatūra, atliktas kokybinis tyrimas – interviu, duomenų analizei pasirinktas teminis metodas,
suformuluoti apibendrinimai ir išvados. Atliktas kokybinis tyrimas atskleidė nemažai prevencinės sveikatos priežiūros gerinimo
Lietuvoje galimybių, ypač sprendžiant problemas, kurios susijusios su neužkrečiamosiomis ligomis ir jų prevencija. Siekiant įveikti
vykdant tyrimą nustatytas prieinamumo, komunikacijos, psichologines kliūtis ir spręsti sistemines neefektyvumo problemas, suinteresuotosioms
šalims rekomenduojama puoselėti tarpusavio bendradarbiavimą, rinktis veiksmingas strategines priemones, propaguojančias
sveikatos priežiūros profilaktikos programas. Siekiant ugdyti prevencijos kultūrą ir gerinti bendrą sveikatos būklę, būtina įtraukti
visas bendruomenės suinteresuotąsias šalis, įskaitant sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų teikėjus, politikos formuotojus ir visuomenę.