bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paleobiogeography and biodiversity of Late Maastrichtian dinosaurs: how many dinosaur species went extinct at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary?
Authors: Le Loeuff Jean
Published: January 2013

The global Late Maastrichtian non-avian dinosaur apparent biodiversity is extensively surveyed for the first time. It amounts to 104 species (including unnamed forms) in 2010. The real biodiversity being obscured by taphonomical biases and the scarcity of the continental fossil record, a species-area relationship is used to estimate it. The results show that several hundreds (between 628 and 1078) non-avian dinosaur species were alive in the Late Maastrichtian, which is almost an order of magnitude above previous estimates. Because of the complex Late Cretaceous palaeobiogeography, discussions about dinosaur extinction should be based on this estimated real global biodiversity, not on the apparent biodiversity of a single area. Given the mean duration of dinosaur genera (7.7 Ma), the presence of so many dinosaur species in the Latest Cretaceous is consistent with the termination of most lineages at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (the Late Maastrichtian sub-stage is 2.8 m.y. long). The Late Maastrichtian dinosaurian biodiversity is therefore consistent with the sudden extinction of the group following the Chicxulub impact.
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) ray-finned fishes from the island of Gavdos, southern Greece, with comments on the evolutionary history of the aulopiform teleost Enchodus
Authors: Cavin Lionel , Alexopoulos Apostolos , Piuz André
Published: January 2013

Two fish fragments from the Middle to Late Maastrichtian of the Island of Gavdos, Greece, are described. One is a caudal portion of an Ichthyodectoidei incertae sedis, which shows some affinities with Saurodon elongatus from the Late Campanian – Early Maastrichtian of Nardo, southern Italy. The other specimen is an isolated skull referred to Enchodus cf. dirus, which is well preserved enough to be included into a phylogenetic analysis of species referred to the genus Enchodus, and subsequently to analyse the biogeograhic signal provided by the cladogram. E. dirus is known in the Late Cretaceous of North America, both in the Western Interior Seaway and on the eastern coast. The occurrence of this lineage is western Tethys and central Tethys is regarded as the result of a vicariant event. Other vicariant events occurred in the Cretaceous between Enchodus species occurring in western and central Tethys respectively. On the other hand, the geographic distribution of several Enchodus species shows ranges extending along North-South axes.
Vertebrate biodiversity of the Deccan volcanic province of India: A review
Authors: Prasad Guntupalli V.R.
Published: January 2013

The Deccan Traps of peninsular India, representing one of the largest flood basalt eruptions on the earth's surface, have been a subject of intensive research in the last three decades because of the attributed link between the Deccan Traps and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary mass extinctions. In this context, the biota from the sedimentary beds intercalated with the volcanic flows and underlying the oldest volcanic flow are more important for understanding the faunal diversity and palaeobiogeography of India during the time span of volcanic eruptions. A detailed review of the vertebrate faunal diversity of the Deccan volcanic province is presented here.
Earliest record of the fossil snake Palaeophis from the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in Denmark
Authors: Kristensen Hans Viborg , Cuny Gilles , Rasmussen Arne Redsted , Madsen Henrik
Published: January 2013

The earliest record of Palaeophis ever found in Denmark is here based on vertebrae described from the Paleocene/Eocene Stolleklint Clay of the Isle of Mors (northern Denmark). Although much smaller, they appear quite similar to the Eocene vertebra described from the Fur Formation in the same area, and all belong to the ‘primitive’ grade of Palaeophis species, although a more precise identification cannot be provided at the moment.
Geoemydid turtles from the Late Eocene Maoming basin, southern China
Authors: Claude Julien , Zhang Jiang-Yong , Li Jian-Jun , Mo Jin-You , Kuang Xue-Wen , Tong Haiyan
Published: January 2013

The fossil record of testudinoid turtles of China during the Eocene-Oligocene is poorly documented. The Maoming basin is one of the few Paleogene basin in southern China having yielded a rich turtle fauna including Trionychidae, Carettochelyidae and Geoemydidae (Testudinoidea). Testudinoids were known in this basin by a single, supposed aquatic species, Isometremys lacunaChow and Yeh, 1962. The examination of the new material collected since the first description, and a reexamination of the type material provide additional data on the morphology of that species. In addition, a second geoemydid, Guangdongemys pingi nov gen. nov sp., is described on the basis of shell material. Both species are supposed to be aquatic, and have a probably basal position in the geoemydid phylogeny.
Early Oligocene to Pliocene Colubridae of Europe: a review
Authors: Szyndlar Zbigniew
Published: January 2013

The paper reviews the entire fossil record of the Colubridae coming from the European Early Oligocene (MP21) to late Early Pliocene (MN15) localities. Prior to the end of the Early Miocene, European colubrids were rare and dominated by booid snakes. At the end of the Early Miocene (MN4), the archaic ophidian fauna of Europe was literally flooded by eastern immigrants, principally representatives of the colubroid families Colubridae, Elapidae, and Viperidae. Since then, the Colubridae became a dominant group in snake assemblages, both in Europe and elsewhere. The rich colubrid fauna inhabiting the European continent in the Middle Miocene (MN5 to 7+8) was composed exclusively of extinct species, representing mainly fossil genera, although members of living genera were also quite common. At the beginning of the Late Miocene (MN9), almost all fossil genera became extinct, but living genera were represented exclusively by fossil species. In the late Early Pliocene (MN15), almost all European colubrids were living species. The Late Pliocene (MN16) and Pleistocene colubrid snakes did not differ from those inhabiting Europe today.
Un nouveau genre, Ragesaurus (Squamata, Anguidae, Anguinae), du Pléistocène inférieur des îles Medas (Catalogne, Espagne)
Authors: Bailon Salvador , Auge Marc
Published: January 2013

Ragesaurus n.gen. est un petit Anguinae décrit à partir d'un dentaire presque complet provenant du gisement du Pléistocène inférieur des Iles Medas. Morphologiquement proche des Anguini, il diffère des représentants actuels et fossiles connus des Anguinae par la configuration particulière du foramen alvéolaire antéro-inférieur (limité antéroventralement par un septum osseux) ; par la présence d'un canal de Meckel partiellement entouré par le dentaire et, dans une moindre mesure, par la morphologie des dents médianes.
Growth and Physiological Response of Timothy to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature under Contrasted Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Piva Angela , Bertrand Annick , Bélanger Gilles , Castonguay Yves , Seguin Philippe
Published: January 2013

Climate change is expected to affect the growth and metabolism of many economically important plants including timothy (Phleum pratense L.), a major forage grass species in eastern Canada and northern Europe. Our objective was to assess the impacts of predicted increases in CO2 concentration and temperature, under contrasted N fertilization, on timothy biomass, leaf photosynthesis, and nonstructural carbohydrate concentration. Plants were grown in growth chambers under either 400 or 600 μL L−1 of CO2 and at a day/night temperature of either 22/10°C or 25/15°C, and they were fertilized with 0, 60, or 120 kg N ha−1. Two sequential harvests were taken following a 6‐wk establishment period. Elevated CO2 concentration did not affect forage biomass and increased root biomass only at first harvest, but it increased leaf photosynthesis and total soluble sugar concentration mostly when N was not limiting (120 kg N ha−1). Increased temperature reduced forage and total biomass and soluble sugar concentrations at the second harvest under 120 kg N ha−1. Combined increases of temperature and CO2 concentration (600 μL L−1 and 25/15°C) had no effect on biomass yield, but it increased leaf photosynthesis and nonstructural carbohydrates concentration compared to current conditions. Our findings show that predicted future conditions of elevated temperature and CO2 concentration will have little effect on the yield of timothy while their effect on photosynthesis and forage nonstructural concentration will depend on N availability.
The possibilities of atmospheric plasma-spraying application to obtain hydroxyapatite coatings on the stainless steel samples
Authors: Mihailovic Marija , Pataric Aleksandra , Gulisija Zvonko , Janjusevic Zoran , Sokic Miroslav
Published: January 2013

For decades, the standard metallic materials for hip implants, besides the
316LVM stainless steel, were titanium- and cobalt/chromium-based alloys.
Although bioinert, due to their corrosion resistance, they are not
biocompatible. Contemporary surgical implants are not made just of bioinert
metal anymore, but with deposited bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating.
Hydroxyapatite is chemically identical with the mineral constituent of bones
and teeth, what besides its biocompatibility provides bioactivity as well.
The HAp limitations are, however, weak tensile strength and low fatigue
resistance for long term loadings, if used alone. This is the reason for HAp
to be deposited onto the surgical implant, and to enable its bioactivity,
what means intergrowth with bones, and therefore the long-lasting and
mechanical stable non-cemented prosthesis. This is important predominantly
because the need for such prostheses for younger population, and a better
life quality. There are several contemporary techniques that have been used
for deposition of these coatings onto the metal implant. The possibilities of
atmospheric plasma-spraying for obtaining the stable HAp coatings on the
316LVM stainless steel, ordinary used as a standard material for hip implants
production are presented in this paper. The coatings of a commercially
available hydroxyapatite powder were plasma-sprayed onto the specimens of
medical grade 316LVM stainless steel under various operating conditions. The
optical microscopy was used for microstructure and porosity characterization,
while coating morphology and Ca/P ratio were analyzed using SEM equipped with
EDX. Coating microstructure varied from a porous to a glassy structure,
depending on operating conditions applied and coating thickness. Coating
porosity was determined to be at the lower required limit requested for the
bone-coating intergrowth possibility, but nevertheless adhesion measurements
showed good results. The Ca/P ratio was determined for both as-deposited
coatings and after ageing in distilled water for various time and temperature
combination.
A method for calculation of forces acting on air cooled gas turbine blades based on the aerodynamic theory
Authors: Grkovic Vojin
Published: January 2013

The paper presents the mathematical model and the procedure for calculation
of the resultant force acting on the air cooled gas turbine blade(s) based on
the aerodynamic theory and computation of the circulation around the blade
profile. In the conducted analysis was examined the influence of the cooling
air mass flow expressed through the cooling air flow parameter ?c, as well
as, the values of the inlet and outlet angles ?1 and ?2, on the magnitude of
the tangential and axial forces. The procedure and analysis were exemplified
by the calculation of the tangential and axial forces magnitudes.
Eruption of the permanent maxillary canines in relation to mandibular second molar maturity
Authors: Perinetti Giuseppe , Callovi Marilena , Salgarello Stefano , Biasotto Matteo , Contardo Luca
Published: January 2013

Objective:

To evaluate the timing of spontaneous maxillary canine eruption in relation to stages of mandibular second molar maturation. Potential confounding effects from such factors as age, growth phase, and facial features were also explored.

Subjects and Methods:

A sample of 106 healthy subjects (48 females and 58 males; age range, 9.4–14.3 years) with both permanent maxillary canines during the final phase of intraoral eruption were included. Mandibular second molar maturation (stages E to H) was assessed according to the method of Demirjian. Skeletal maturity was determined using the cervical vertebral maturational (CVM) method. Facial vertical and sagittal relationships were evaluated by recording the Sella-Nasion/mandibular plane (SN/MP) angle and the ANB angle. An ordered multiple logistic regression was run to evaluate adjusted correlation of each parameter with the mandibular second molar maturational stage.

Results:

Overall, the prevalence of the different second molar maturational stages was 36.8%, 37.8%, and 27.4% for stages E, F and G, respectively. According to the regression model, this relation was not influenced by sex, CVM stage, SN/MP angle, and ANB angle.

Conclusions:

Irrespective of sex, growth phase, and facial features, the maturational stage of the mandibular second molar may be a reliable indicator for the timing of spontaneous eruption of the maxillary canine.
Protective effect of ethanolic extract of leaf and seed of Tamarindus indica on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Shammi NJ , Choudhry ZK , Khan MI , Hossain MM
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13232 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 12-15
Adverse effects associated with sulfasalazine on chronic plaque type psoriasis
Authors: Khondker L , Hazra SC , Mahmud MM , Khan MSI , Hossain MS
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13235 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 28-36
Non-epithelial tumors of the nose, nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses - a clinicopathological study
Authors: Alam ABMK , Talukder DC , Aich ML , Harun MAA , Rumi SNF , Islam MN
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13237 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 41-45
Correlation between microalbuminuria & lipid profile in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Chowdhury J , Sultana N , Ahmed S , Hossain MZ , Akhter F , Sultana N , Begum S
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13239 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 55-59
Evaluation of the effects of microwave diathermy in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Shoma FK , Habib A , Mahmood K , Muhammad A , Hossain MM , Siddique N , Alam MK
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13242 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 69-75
Incidence of intracranial complications of chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Akaiduzzaman DGM , Fakir MAY , Alam ABMK , Talukder DC
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v21i1.13243 J. Dhaka Med. Coll. 2012; 21(1): 76-82
A Comparison of Producer Gas, Biochar, and Activated Carbon from Two Distributed Scale Thermochemical Conversion Systems Used to Process Forest Biomass
Authors: Anderson Nathaniel , Jones J. , Page-Dumroese Deborah , McCollum Daniel , Baker Stephen , Loeffler Daniel , Chung Woodam
Published: January 2013

Thermochemical biomass conversion systems have the potential to produce heat, power, fuels and other products from forest biomass at distributed scales that meet the needs of some forest industry facilities. However, many of these systems have not been deployed in this sector and the products they produce from forest biomass have not been adequately described or characterized with regards to chemical properties, possible uses, and markets. This paper characterizes the producer gas, biochar, and activated carbon of a 700 kg h−1 prototype gasification system and a 225 kg h−1 pyrolysis system used to process coniferous sawmill and forest residues. Producer gas from sawmill residues processed with the gasifier had higher energy content than gas from forest residues, with averages of 12.4 MJ m−3 and 9.8 MJ m−3, respectively. Gases from the pyrolysis system averaged 1.3 MJ m−3 for mill residues and 2.5 MJ m−3 for forest residues. Biochars produced have similar particle size distributions and bulk density, but vary in pH and carbon content. Biochars from both systems were successfully activated using steam activation, with resulting BET surface area in the range of commercial activated carbon. Results are discussed in the context of co-locating these systems with forest industry operations.
Experimental Study of a Triple Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger Integrated into a Wood-Based Air-Heating System for Energy-Efficient Dwellings
Authors: Peigné Pierre , Inard Christian , Druette Lionel
Published: January 2013

In this paper, experimental tests conducted on a new wood-based air-heating system for energy-efficient dwellings are presented. The main objective is to evaluate the resulting outlet temperatures and the amount of heat recovered by the ventilation air in order to assess feasibility and performance of coupling a mechanical ventilation heat-recovery unit and a triple concentric tube heat exchanger integrated into the chimney of a room-sealed wood-pellet stove to heat an entire house. After introducing the context of this work, the three main components of the combined system developed here, the coupling configuration adopted, as well as the protocol used and the sensors implemented on an experimental setup carried out in a laboratory are detailed in turn. Then, the heat transfer rates obtained from measurements for the various fluids as well as the effectiveness of the heat exchangers are presented and discussed. Finally, the resulting outlet temperatures of the three fluids exchanging in the triple concentric tube heat exchanger studied here are compared to those provided by analytical solutions obtained with a mathematical model. It is shown that heat transfer rates are predicted with a relative difference that is lower than 5% compared to experimental values and that such a system enables to cover all or most of heat losses in an energy efficient building.
Detection of Tumor Cell-Specific mRNA in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Breast Cancer — Evaluation of Several Markers with Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR
Authors: Andergassen Ulrich , Hofmann Simone , Kölbl Alexandra , Schindlbeck Christian , Neugebauer Julia , Hutter Stefan , Engelstädter Verena , Ilmer Matthias , Friese Klaus , Jeschke Udo
Published: January 2013

It is widely known that cells from epithelial tumors, e.g., breast cancer, detach from their primary tissue and enter blood circulation. We show that the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in samples of patients with primary and metastatic breast cancer can be detected with an array of selected tumor-marker-genes by reverse transcription real-time PCR. The focus of the presented work is on detecting differences in gene expression between healthy individuals and adjuvant and metastatic breast cancer patients, not an accurate quantification of these differences. Therefore, total RNA was isolated from blood samples of healthy donors and patients with primary or metastatic breast cancer after enrichment of mononuclear cells by density gradient centrifugation. After reverse transcription real-time PCR was carried out with a set of marker genes (BCSP, CK8, Her2, MGL, CK18, CK19). B2M and GAPDH were used as reference genes. Blood samples from patients with metastatic disease revealed increased cytokine gene levels in comparison to normal blood samples. Detection of a single gene was not sufficient to detect CTCs by reverse transcription real-time PCR. Markers used here were selected based on a recent study detecting cancer cells on different protein levels. The combination of such a marker array leads to higher and more specific discovery rates, predominantly in metastatic patients. Identification of CTCs by PCR methods may lead to better diagnosis and prognosis and could help to choose an adequate therapy.
Lipid Peroxidation Is another Potential Mechanism besides Pore-Formation Underlying Hemolysis of Tentacle Extract from the Jellyfish Cyanea capillata
Authors: Wang Tao , Wen Xiao-Juan , Mei Xiao-Bin , Wang Qian-Qian , He Qian , Zheng Jie-Min , Zhao Jie , Xiao Liang , Zhang Li-Ming
Published: January 2013

This study was performed to explore other potential mechanisms underlying hemolysis in addition to pore-formation of tentacle extract (TE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. A dose-dependent increase of hemolysis was observed in rat erythrocyte suspensions and the hemolytic activity of TE was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, which was attenuated by Ca2+ channel blockers (Diltiazem, Verapamil and Nifedipine). Direct intracellular Ca2+ increase was observed after TE treatment by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the Ca2+ increase could be depressed by Diltiazem. The osmotic protectant polyethylenglycol (PEG) significantly blocked hemolysis with a molecular mass exceeding 4000 Da. These results support a pore-forming mechanism of TE in the erythrocyte membrane, which is consistent with previous studies by us and other groups. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), an important marker of lipid peroxidation, increased dose-dependently in rat erythrocytes after TE treatment, while in vitro hemolysis of TE was inhibited by the antioxidants ascorbic acid—Vitamin C (Vc)—and reduced glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, in vivo hemolysis and electrolyte change after TE administration could be partly recovered by Vc. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation is another potential mechanism besides pore-formation underlying the hemolysis of TE, and both Ca2+ channel blockers and antioxidants could be useful candidates against the hemolytic activity of jellyfish venoms.
Effects of Selected Polysorbate and Sucrose Ester Emulsifiers on the Physicochemical Properties of Astaxanthin Nanodispersions
Authors: Anarjan Navideh , Tan Chin
Published: January 2013

The effects of selected nonionic emulsifiers on the physicochemical characteristics of astaxanthin nanodispersions produced by an emulsification/evaporation technique were studied. The emulsifiers used were polysorbates (Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 40, Polysorbate 60 and Polysorbate 80) and sucrose esters of fatty acids (sucrose laurate, palmitate, stearate and oleate). The mean particle diameters of the nanodispersions ranged from 70 nm to 150 nm, depending on the emulsifier used. In the prepared nanodispersions, the astaxanthin particle diameter decreased with increasing emulsifier hydrophilicity and decreasing carbon number of the fatty acid in the emulsifier structure. Astaxanthin nanodispersions with the smallest particle diameters were produced with Polysorbate 20 and sucrose laurate among the polysorbates and the sucrose esters, respectively. We also found that the Polysorbate 80- and sucrose oleate-stabilized nanodispersions had the highest astaxanthin losses (i.e., the lowest astaxanthin contents in the final products) among the nanodispersions. This work demonstrated the importance of emulsifier type in determining the physicochemical characteristics of astaxanthin nano-dispersions.
Development of a Novel Two Dimensional Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Using Multiplied Beam Splitting Optics
Authors: Hemmi Akihide , Mizumura Ryosuke , Kawanishi Ryuta , Nakajima Hizuru , Zeng Hulie , Uchiyama Katsumi , Kaneki Noriaki , Imato Toshihiko
Published: January 2013

A novel two dimensional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor system with a multi-point sensing region is described. The use of multiplied beam splitting optics, as a core technology, permitted multi-point sensing to be achieved. This system was capable of simultaneously measuring nine sensing points. Calibration curves for sucrose obtained on nine sensing points were linear in the range of 0–10% with a correlation factor of 0.996–0.998 with a relative standard deviation of 0.090–4.0%. The detection limits defined as S/N = 3 were 1.98 × 10−6–3.91 × 10−5 RIU. This sensitivity is comparable to that of conventional SPR sensors.
Non-Crystallographic Symmetry in Packing Spaces
Authors: Rau Valery , Lomtev Leonty , Rau Tamara
Published: January 2013

In the following, isomorphism of an arbitrary finite group of symmetry, non-crystallographic symmetry (quaternion groups, Pauli matrices groups, and other abstract subgroups), in addition to the permutation group, are considered. Application of finite groups of permutations to the packing space determines space tilings by policubes (polyominoes) and forms a structure. Such an approach establishes the computer design of abstract groups of symmetry. Every finite discrete model of the real structure is an element of symmetry groups, including non-crystallographic ones. The set packing spaces of the same order N characterizes discrete deformation transformations of the structure.
Young People and Social Networks: Motivations and Preferred Uses
Authors: Colás-Bravo Pilar , González-Ramírez Teresa , de-Pablos-Pons Juan
Published: January 2013

This article presents the results of a study on the use of social networks among young Andalusians. The main objectives are to know the uses of social networks, their frequency and the motives behind their use. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The sample includes 1487 adolescents in Andalusia. The results show that young people, for the most part, consistently used social networks. We identified two motivational aspects in this use: one social and the other psychological. There are not significant gender differences in frequency of use, but rather in the motivations for access. Boys tend to be the more emotional type, while girls were dominated by a more relational motivation. The results show similarities with international researches in environments that vary greatly from the present work. The conclusions suggest the need for future lines of work. This study also identifies the implications of social network uses for active citizenship and participatory training and social integration. These results are also important for the enrichment of dimensions such as social capital development and education.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre la utilización que hacen los jóvenes andaluces de las redes sociales. Los objetivos fundamentales son: conocer los usos preferentes de las redes sociales, su frecuencia y los motivos que les impulsan a su utilización. Además se estudia si existen diferencias de sexo tanto en la frecuencia como en las motivaciones de uso. Se aplica un cuestionario para la recogida de datos. La muestra es de 1.487 adolescentes de Andalucía. Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes en su mayoría usan de manera habitual las redes sociales y se identifican dos vertientes motivacionales en su uso: una social y otra psicológica. No se hallan diferencias significativas entre sexos en cuanto a frecuencia de uso, pero sí en las motivaciones para su acceso. Las de los chicos son de tipo emocional, mientras que en las chicas predomina la motivación de carácter relacional. Los resultados obtenidos muestran coincidencias con investigaciones internacionales realizadas en contextos muy diferentes al presente estudio. En la discusión de resultados se plantean futuras líneas de trabajo, a la vez que se identifican implicaciones que los usos de las redes sociales tienen para la formación e integración social de una ciudadanía activa y participativa, así como para el enriquecimiento de dimensiones como el desarrollo del capital social y la educación.
Youth’s Usage of Leisure Time with Video Games and Social Networks
Authors: Muros-Ruiz Beatriz , Aragón-Carretero Yolanda , Bustos-Jiménez Antonio
Published: January 2013

The aim of this article is to understand the behaviour of Secondary Education students during their leisure time when using some different virtual spaces. We report a study carried out in a Community Centre offering training and leisure services for youngsters. Due to the large number of technological activities offered, this study paves the way for analysis and reflection about the hidden reasons and motivations young people have to use virtual spaces. We also show the interpretations and reflections of youngsters in their personal relationships and models of cohabitation. Our study likewise approaches the relation that youngsters establish between real and virtual spaces, focusing our attention on the construction of interactions which stems from their personal experiences. For data collection we carried out observations, conversations, analysis of documents and interviews. We analyzed with special interest the meanings that youngsters assign to their experiences in relation with mediatic and civic processes during their leisure time. The results of the study help to know the initiative, motivations and manner of acting that the youngsters of this study have on their ways of socialization in community. Concretely, the aspects allied with the search of pleasure, entertainment, the maintenance of social ties and continuous stimulation uses.

Este artículo tiene como finalidad comprender los comportamientos de jóvenes de Educación Secundaria Obli­gatoria durante el tiempo libre en el uso de diferentes entornos virtuales. Presenta un estudio realizado en un centro de servicios comunitarios, formativos y de ocio orientado a la juventud. Debido a la oferta de actividades lúdicas de carácter tecnológico que en este lugar se realiza, el estudio abre vías de análisis y reflexión sobre los planteamientos y las motivaciones en el uso de los entornos virtuales, sobre las interpretaciones y reflexiones de los jóvenes en cuanto a relaciones personales y modelos de convivencia. En el trabajo se realiza una aproximación a la relación que establece la juventud entre el escenario presencial y virtual, centrando la atención en la construcción de interacciones de un modo vivencial. Para la recogida de información se realizaron observaciones, conversaciones, análisis de documentos y entrevistas. Se han analizado con especial interés los sentidos que se atribuían a las experiencias en relación con los procesos mediáticos y cívicos en la ocupación del tiempo libre. Los resultados del trabajo ayudan a conocer los planteamientos, las motivaciones y las conductas que los jóvenes de este estudio tienen sobre sus formas de socialización en red. Concretamente, los aspectos relacionados con la búsqueda del placer, el entretenimiento, el mantenimiento de lazos sociales y la estimulación continua en los usos.
Interactive Youth and Civic Cultures: The Educational, Mediatic and Political Meaning of the 15M
Authors: Hernández-Merayo Elisa , Robles-Vílchez Mª Carmen , Martínez-Rodríguez Juan Bautista
Published: January 2013

This contribution is justified by the necessity of analyzing the participative content that the interactive youth transmitted in the use of ICTs and social networks in the origin of the social movement of the Spanish Revolution. Our objectives have been focused on proving how young people feel, live and experience the democratic citizenship by means of audiovisual display systems, participating in public open spaces where a better informed digital citizenship is being formed among the technological convergence, hypertextuality and non linearity. We have tried to identify both the educational content of their interactions and implications and the use of audiovisual display systems in their organization as a group. The methodology we have used is the in-depth case study in the days when people occupied public spaces. We collected observations, interviews, information from the social networks (Twitter, Facebook, n-1, Tuenti), news in the media and also information, posters and photographs generated during the occupation by the participants themselves. From this techno-educational point of view we analyze how these young people widen their communicative relationships and get connected on line creating new meanings for educational, social and political issues. The analysis of their speeches shows us a reappropriation of the ICTs by these young people who express and communicate publicly and contributing in this way with new points of view for the citizenship education.

Esta aportación se justifica en la necesidad de analizar el contenido participativo que los jóvenes interactivos transmiten en el uso de TIC y de las redes sociales durante el origen del movimiento social del 15M. Los objetivos se han dirigido a comprobar cómo los jóvenes sienten, viven y experimentan la ciudadanía democrática a través de los soportes digitales y mediáticos, participando en el lugar público de la plaza donde se está formando una más informada ciudadanía digital entre la convergencia tecnológica, la hipertextualidad y la no linealidad. Se ha tratado de identificar tanto el contenido educativo de sus interacciones e implicaciones como el uso de los soportes digitales mediáticos en su organización colectiva. La metodología utilizada es el estudio de caso en profundidad, realizado durante los días de la acampada en la plaza pública, recogiendo observaciones, entrevistas, información de las redes sociales (Twitter, Facebook, n-1 y Tuenti), noticias de los medios de comunicación así como de los medios generados en la acampada, y todas las fotografías y cartelería del evento. Desde esta perspectiva tecnoeducativa se analiza cómo estos jóvenes ensanchan sus relaciones comunicativas y se conectan en red construyendo nuevos significados de lo educativo, lo social y lo político. El análisis de sus discursos nos descubre una reapropiación de los jóvenes de las TIC participando en la comunicación pública y aportando nuevas perspectivas para la educación ciudadana.
Expanding Community: Youth, Social Networking and Schools
Authors: Stornaiuolo Amy , DiZio Jennifer , Hellmich Emily
Published: January 2013

This study examined the construct of community and its development in online spaces through a qualitative analysis of middle school students’ participation in a private social network. Drawing on notions of community inspired by philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy, we found that students, despite not knowing one another previously, were willing both to encounter and come to know each other, using the resources of the network to build the trust that became foundational to their online social relationships. They did so primarily through two kinds of interactional effort that we call «public work» and «proximity work». Negotiating their positions relative to one another (proximity work) and across public/private spaces (public work), youth used a variety of semiotic tools to establish relationships and address the considerable challenges of digitally mediated communication with unknown others. This study suggests that educationally focused social networks can be designed for, or their uses primed toward, communicative purposes and activities foregrounding reciprocal exchange that is ethically alert and socially aware, and that schools and other educational institutions, though historically resistant to technological innovation, have an important role to play in this process.

Inspiradas por las nociones de comunidad del filósofo Jean-Luc Nancy, nuestro estudio examina el concepto de comunidad y su desarrollo en entornos virtuales a través de un análisis cualitativo de la participación de alumnos de educación secundaria obligatoria (de 11 a 14 años de edad) en una red social privada. Nuestros datos indican que los alumnos, a pesar de no conocerse previamente, estaban dispuestos a conocerse y relacionarse, y a utilizar recursos de una red social privada para desarrollar la confianza necesaria para mantener sus amistades virtuales. Para lograrlo, los estudiantes usaron dos métodos de interrelación que llamamos «trabajo público» y «trabajo de proximidad». Al negociar sus posiciones relativas a los otros estudiantes (trabajo de proximidad) y a través de espacios públicos y privados (trabajo público), los jóvenes utilizaron diversos instrumentos semióticos para entablar amistad y para enfrentarse a los numerosos retos de la comunicación con desconocidos a través de medios digitales. Este estudio indica que las redes sociales educativas pueden ser diseñadas con fines comunicativos y para actividades que ponen de relieve los intercambios recíprocos que son éticamente y socialmente conscientes. Por último, los resultados sugieren que, aunque históricamente han demostrado una resistencia a la innovación tecnológica, las escuelas y otras instituciones educativas tienen un papel importante que desempeñar en este proceso.
The e-Research on Media & Communications: Attitudes, Tools and Practices in Latin America Researchers
Authors: Arcila-Calderón Carlos , Piñuel-Raigada José Luis , Calderín-Cruz Mabel
Published: January 2013

e-Research is changing practices and dynamics in social research by the incorporation of advanced e-tools to process data and increase scientific collaboration. Previous research shows a positive attitude of investigators through e-Re­search and shows a fast incorporation of e-Tools, in despite of many cultural resistances to the change. This paper examines the current state (attitudes, tools and practices) of e-Research in the field of Media and Communication Studies in Latin America, Spain and Portugal. A total of 316 researchers of the region answered an online survey during the last 2 months of 2011. Findings confirm an optimistic attitude through e-Research and an often use of e-Tools to do research. Even though, most of them informed to use basic e-Tools (e.g. e-mail, commercial videoconference, office software and social networks) instead of advanced technologies to process huge amount of data (e.g. Grid, simulation software and Internet2) or the incorporation to Virtual Research Communities. Some of the researchers said that they had an «intensive» (31%) and «often» (53%) use of e-Tools, but only 22% stated that their computer capacity was not enough to manage and process data. The paper evidences the gap between e-Research in Communications and e-Research in other disciplines; and makes recommendations for its implementation.

La e-investigación está cambiando las prácticas y dinámicas de la investigación social, gracias a la incorporación de herramientas digitales avanzadas para el procesamiento de datos y el incremento de la colaboración científica. Estudios anteriores muestran una actitud positiva de los científicos hacia la e-investigación y la rápida incorporación de herramientas digitales para el trabajo académico, a pesar de las resistencias culturales al cambio. Este artículo examina el estado actual (actitudes, herramientas y prácticas) de la e-investigación en el campo de los estudios en comunicación en Iberoamérica. Un total de 316 investigadores de la región respondieron una encuesta en línea durante los últimos dos meses de 2011. Los resultados confirman una actitud positiva hacia la e-investigación y un uso frecuente de las e-herramientas. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de ellos aseguran usar e-herramientas básicas (como correo-e, videoconferencia comercial, software de oficina o redes sociales), en vez de usar tecnologías avanzadas para procesar gran cantidad de datos (como Grids, programas de simulación o Internet2) o de incorporarse a comunidades virtuales de investigación. Algunos investigadores afirmaron tener un uso «intensivo» (31%) o «frecuente» (53%) de las e-herramientas, pero solo el 22% aseguraron que la capacidad de su computador personal era insuficiente para manejar y procesar los datos. El artículo concluye evidenciando una brecha importante entre la e-investigación en comunicación y en otras disciplinas, y establece recomendaciones para su implementación en la región.
Le « dogmatisme négatif » des médecins empiriques : Sextus et Galien à la recherche d'une médecine sceptique
Authors: Giovacchini Julie
Published: January 2013

Pourquoi Sextus Empiricus, au chapitre 34 du livre I des Esquisses Pyrrhoniennes , refuse-t-il d’identifier la méthode des médecins empiriques à la « voie sceptique » qu’il tente de définir au livre I du même ouvrage – ce qui le distingue en particulier de Galien, qui ne semble pas mettre en doute la nature sceptique de la médecine empirique ? L’examen de cette question nous donnera l’occasion de faire le point sur les procédures logiques utilisées par ces mêmes médecins empiriques, en particulier sur l’épilogisme, ainsi que sur les conceptions étiologiques de l’école empirique, que nous opposerons à ce que l’on peut connaître des principes méthodologiques et physiologiques de la médecine méthodiste.
Falsifications et manipulations comptables. La mesure du profit, un enjeu social (1856-1914)
Authors: Lemarchand Yannick , Praquin Nicolas
Published: January 2013

Résumé Durant le xix e siècle, le développement des sociétés par actions et l’essor du marché financier confèrent à la comptabilité une dimension nouvelle. Seule garantie offerte aux tiers, le capital d’une société anonyme doit demeurer intact, sauf à devoir la dissoudre, et c’est à la comptabilité qu’il revient de fournir une mesure du résultat qui garantisse ce maintien. En outre, dès lors que les informations qu’elle produit sont susceptibles d’orienter les capitaux, la technique sort du champ étroit de l’entreprise et le contrôle de la mesure du profit devient un enjeu social majeur. D’autant, que faute de fondements scientifiques sérieux et en l’absence de toute réglementation spécifique ou presque, cette mesure est souvent l’objet de manipulations, voire de falsifications, dont les épargnants sont les premières victimes. Qu’il s’agisse de cas de surestimation des résultats ou, à l’opposé, de dissimulation de bénéfices. Si, face aux scandales et les réactions des intéressés, l’opinion s’en émeut parfois et si la réflexion sur la problématique de l’évaluation progresse durant le dernier quart du xix e siècle, l’État et le Parlement restent sourds à toutes les propositions de réglementation. Les milieux d’affaires y sont hostiles et c’est donc aux tribunaux qu’il revient de dire le droit en la matière ; confrontée à ces pratiques comptables, la jurisprudence précise quelques concepts fondamentaux. Ce n’est qu’après avoir pris lui-même place parmi les ayants droit aux bénéfices, après l’instauration de l’imposition des bénéfices durant le premier conflit mondial, que l’État s’est décidé à intervenir.
Analyse longitudinale de la consolidation des comptes dans les revues comptables professionnelles (1954-1985)
Authors: Bensadon Didier
Published: January 2013

Résumé Apparue en France dans le courant des années 1960, la publication de comptes consolidés n’est devenue obligatoire qu’avec la loi du 3 janvier 1985. Cet article montre qui, des experts-comptables, des commissaires aux comptes, des éditeurs comptables, du CNC ou des prescripteurs tels que la COB, les banques et les analystes financiers, a le plus publié sur le sujet de la consolidation des comptes dans les revues comptables professionnelles, afin d’en promouvoir la diffusion. Cette recherche s’appuie sur 124 articles publiés entre 1954 et 1985. La méthodologie repose d’une part sur la définition d’un indicateur d’homogénéisation des revues (l’équivalent RFC) et d’autre part sur une classification des thèmes abordés par période. Il apparaît que les banques et la COB, pourtant prescripteurs, s’intéressent faiblement à cette thématique et que les experts-comptables, pourtant directement concernés par la consolidation des comptes, n’investissent ce champ qu’au début des années 1970.
Émergence d'une profession comptable libérale : le cas du Maroc
Authors: El Omari Sami , Saboly Michèle
Published: January 2013

Résumé Les origines et l’évolution de la profession comptable libérale marocaine sont étudiées à partir d’articles de presse et de sources réglementaires. Cette recherche tente d’identifier les acteurs avec leurs positions respectives et les rivalités internes. On repère des similitudes avec les résultats obtenus dans d’autres contextes nationaux. Des caractères propres au contexte national marocain peuvent être mis en lumière.
Le contrôle de gestion des services : réflexion sur les fondements et l'instrumentation
Authors: Meyssonnier François
Published: January 2013

Résumé Les caractéristiques des activités de service sont étudiées et un cadre conceptuel unifié de référence est développé. Les préoccupations principales du contrôle de gestion des services qui en découlent ainsi que les instrumentations associées sont présentées : l’évaluation de l’efficience des unités d’un réseau, la standardisation des processus productifs, la gestion des temps et des délais, la gestion des revenus et des capacités, la mesure de la qualité de service, la mise sous tension de l’entreprise de service. Des recherches récentes sur le contrôle dans les services sont alors mobilisées afin de comprendre comment les pratiques et outils précédemment identifiés s’intègrent aux systèmes globaux de pilotage de la performance dans les entreprises de service.
L'autocuiseur, l'Afnor et la ménagère : les enjeux de la normalisation d'un produit de grande consommation
Authors: Leymonerie Claire
Published: January 2013

Les autocuiseurs ont offert un terrain d’expérimentation pour la mise en œuvre d’une normalisation adaptée aux produits de grande consommation : se démarquant d’une logique industrielle essentiellement tournée vers la standardisation et l’interchangeabilité des pièces, cette nouvelle forme de normalisation se préoccupe davantage des conditions d’usage et de mise sur le marché des produits. En suivant le processus de normalisation et de certification des appareils de cuisson sous pression entre 1950 et 1954, nous allons voir comment la mesure, ou plutôt les mesures, jouent un rôle essentiel dans la définition du produit, de sa qualité, de son marché, de ses usages 1 .
La construction comptable de l'économie
Authors: Chiapello Ève
Published: January 2013

Parmi les innombrables artefacts qui contribuent à façonner le fonctionnement économique et à lui donner une forme à la fois précise et historiquement changeante, il en est un, la comptabilité des entreprises, qui n’est pas un artefact anodin de la vie économique. Celui-ci a un impact profondément structurant et construit l’un des agents principaux du système économique : l’entreprise.
Comité d'orientation d'Idées
Authors: Martin Gilles
Published: January 2013

Le 14 avril dernier, s’estréuni lecomité d’orientation annuel d’idées. Ce moment d’échange et de réflexion, toujours très convivial, nous a permis de rappeler les nombreuses sources de satisfaction de l’année écoulée, puis de réfléchir à la programmation des prochains numéros.
Journées de l'Économie : demandez le programme !
Authors: Le Merrer Pascal
Published: January 2013

Le projet des Journées de l’Économie avance à grands pas. Cet événement rassemblera de nombreux spécialistes de la discipline mais vise surtout le grand public. Se déroulant les 20, 21 et 22 novembre 2008, il a pour ambition de répondre aux attentes de celui-ci en présentant des analyses économiques sur des sujets d’actualité qui font débat. L’objectif est d’aider chacun à mieux décrypter des phénomènes qui touchent souvent à notre vie quotidienne. Il apparaîtra clairement que le programme a été conçu en pensant aux professeurs de SES, tout en cherchant une logique d’ouverture tant par les intervenants que par la variété des publics qui, nous l’espérons, se rencontreront.
Quelle politique industrielle pour l'Union européenne ?
Authors: Sylvain Mickaël
Published: January 2013

L’Europe a longtemps considéré que la meilleure politique industrielle était une politique de la concurrence, à l’inverse de la conception française traditionnelle. Mais, dans un monde où la compétitivité repose sur la capacité à innover, la qualité des produits et des hommes, une politique industrielle active s’avère nécessaire. Reste à définir le modèle industriel que veut l’Europe.