bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fostering social innovation and building adaptive capacity for dengue control in Cambodia: a case study
Authors: Echaubard Pierre , Thy Chea , Sokha Soun , Srun Set , Nieto-Sanchez Claudia , Grietens Koen Peters , Juban Noel R. , Mier-Alpano Jana , Deacosta Sucelle , Sami Mojgan , Braack Leo , Ramirez Bernadette , Hii Jeffrey
Published: September 2020

Background

The social-ecological systems theory, with its unique conception of resilience (social-ecological systems & resilience, SESR), provides an operational framework that currently best meets the need for integration and adaptive governance as encouraged by the Sustainable Development Goals. SESR accounts for the complex dynamics of social-ecological systems and operationalizes transdisciplinarity by focusing on community engagement, value co-creation, decentralized leadership and social innovation. Targeting Social Innovation (SI) in the context of implementation research for vector-borne diseases (VBD) control offers a low-cost strategy to contribute to lasting and contextualized community engagement in disease control and health development in low and middle income countries of the global south. In this article we describe the processes of community engagement and transdisciplinary collaboration underpinning community-based dengue management in rural primary schools and households in two districts in Cambodia.

Methods

Multiple student-led and community-based interventions have been implemented focusing on empowering education, communication for behavioral change and participatory epidemiology mapping in order to engage Cambodian communities in dengue control. We describe in particular the significance of the participatory processes that have contributed to the design of SI products that emerged following iterative consultations with community stakeholders to address the dengue problem.

Results

The SI products that emerged following our interaction with community members are 1) adult mosquito traps made locally from solid waste collections, 2) revised dengue curriculum with hands-on activities for transformative learning, 3) guppy distribution systems led by community members, 4) co-design of dengue prevention communication material by students and community members, 5) community mapping.

Conclusions

The initiative described in this article put in motion processes of community engagement towards creating ownership of dengue control interventions tools by community stakeholders, including school children. While the project is ongoing, the project’s interventions so far implemented have contributed to the emergence of culturally relevant SI products and provided initial clues regarding 1) the conditions allowing SI to emerge, 2) specific mechanisms by which it happens and 3) how external parties can facilitate SI emergence. Overall there seems to be a strong argument to be made in supporting SI as a desirable outcome of project implementation towards building adaptive capacity and resilience and to use the protocol supporting this project implementation as an operational guiding document for other VBD adaptive management in the region.
The biological function and clinical significance of SF3B1 mutations in cancer
Authors: Zhou Zhixia , Gong Qi , Wang Yin , Li Mengkun , Wang Lu , Ding Hongfei , Li Peifeng
Published: September 2020

Spliceosome mutations have become the most interesting mutations detected in human cancer in recent years. The spliceosome, a large, dynamic multimegadalton small nuclear ribonucleoprotein composed of small nuclear RNAs associated with proteins, is responsible for removing introns from precursor mRNA (premRNA) and generating mature, spliced mRNAs. SF3B1 is the largest subunit of the spliceosome factor 3b (SF3B) complex, which is a core component of spliceosomes. Recurrent somatic mutations in SF3B1 have been detected in human cancers, including hematological malignancies and solid tumors, and indicated to be related to patient prognosis. This review summarizes the research progress of SF3B1 mutations in cancer, including SF3B1 mutations in the HEAT domain, the multiple roles and aberrant splicing events of SF3B1 mutations in the pathogenesis of tumors, and changes in mutated cancer cells regarding sensitivity to SF3B small-molecule inhibitors. In addition, the potential of SF3B1 or its mutations to serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancer is discussed. The accumulated knowledge about SF3B1 mutations in cancer provides critical insight into the integral role the SF3B1 protein plays in mRNA splicing and suggests new targets for anticancer therapy.
Foraging movements of breeding Kelp Gulls in South Africa
Authors: Reusch Katharina , Suárez Nicolás , Ryan Peter G. , Pichegru Lorien
Published: September 2020

Background

Kelp GullsLarus dominicanusare one of the most abundant gulls in the Southern Hemisphere and can play an important role in their ecosystem. Understanding their foraging ecology is therefore important, especially in the context of anthropogenic changes of the environment. Over 35,000 Kelp Gulls breed in South Africa but little is known about their habitat use. It has been hypothesised that foraging mainly occurs in natural habitats while provisioning chicks to ensure high quality food, but knowledge on their foraging ecology during the incubation period remains poor.

Methods

We tracked incubating Kelp Gulls from six colonies distributed along the coast of South Africa, varying in their distance to urban areas and landfills, and compared foraging trip patterns and habitat selection between colonies.

Results

Gulls from west coast colonies, generally located further from landfills than the other studied colonies, travelled farther from their breeding sites (11.7 ± 9.9–17.8 ± 21.7 km,n = 3 colonies) than birds from Cape Town and south and east coast colonies (1.7 ± 0.8–3.1 ± 3.7 km,n = 3) with birds travelling farthest when foraging at sea. Gulls from all colonies spent more time foraging in marine, coastal, and natural terrestrial environments than scavenging in strongly modified habitats while incubating.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that Kelp Gulls in South Africa are able to exploit various resources from different foraging habitats, regardless of colony location and seem to rely less on anthropogenic habitats than expected.
CNN-based framework using spatial dropping for enhanced interpretation of neural activity in motor imagery classification
Authors: Collazos-Huertas D. F. , Álvarez-Meza A. M. , Acosta-Medina C. D. , Castaño-Duque G. A. , Castellanos-Dominguez G.
Published: September 2020

Interpretation of brain activity responses using motor imagery (MI) paradigms is vital for medical diagnosis and monitoring. Assessed by machine learning techniques, identification of imagined actions is hindered by substantial intra- and inter-subject variability. Here, we develop an architecture of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with an enhanced interpretation of the spatial brain neural patterns that mainly contribute to the classification of MI tasks. Two methods of 2D-feature extraction from EEG data are contrasted: Power Spectral Density and Continuous Wavelet Transform. For preserving the spatial interpretation of extracting EEG patterns, we project the multi-channel data using a topographic interpolation. Besides, we include a spatial dropping algorithm to remove the learned weights that reflect the localities not engaged with the elicited brain response. We evaluate two labeled scenarios of MI tasks: bi-class and three-class. Obtained results in an MI database show that the thresholding strategy combined with Continuous Wavelet Transform improves the accuracy and enhances the interpretability of CNN architecture, showing that the highest contribution clusters over the sensorimotor cortex with a differentiated behavior of rhythms $$\mu $$
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.
Solar Ultraviolet Exposure in Individuals Who Perform Outdoor Sport Activities
Authors: Snyder Alan , Valdebran Manuel , Terrero David , Amber Kyle T. , Kelly Kristen M.
Published: September 2020

Background

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the USA. Therefore, it is important to review the contribution of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to skin cancer in individuals with the highest risk. Documenting the relationship between outdoor sports solar ultraviolet exposure and their risk of skin cancer along with appropriate risk mitigation strategies can help inform clinicians of practical information for counseling sun protective behaviors in this population.

Methods

We conducted a review of the current evidence using PubMed to answer the following research questions: (1) How is ultraviolet radiation measured? (2) What is the modern utility of the ultraviolet index in modifying recreational sun protection behaviors? (3) What is the risk of developing skin cancer for outdoor sport participants? (4) What is the prevalence of skin cancer in sport participants? and (5) Is the number of nevi and solar lentigines elevated in outdoor sport participants?

Results

Based on the literature, individuals who practice outdoor sport-related activities receive high ultraviolet radiation exposure, have a high risk for skin cancer, have a high prevalence for pigmented lesions, and may benefit from electronic sun protection educational interventions.

Conclusions

Individuals who practice outdoor sports experience substantially higher ultraviolet radiation exposure, routinely exceed the recommended exposure limits, and are at a higher risk of developing skin cancer. Therefore, those who are frequently engaged in outdoor leisure activities should be coached about efficient sun protective practices and relevant mobile technologies that may facilitate adherence.
Informing the development of an E-platform for monitoring wellbeing in schools: involving young people in a co-design process
Authors: Grant Claire , Widnall Emily , Cross Lauren , Simonoff Emily , Downs Johnny
Published: September 2020

Background

The use of new technologies and methodologies in young people’s mental health research is needed to allow more frequent and reliable sampling. Mobile applications and e-platforms create exciting potential for the collection of large-scale cohort data, however there are various feasibility and ethical issues to consider. Consultation with young people is needed to inform the research agenda, and ensure these technologies are engaging, useful and safe. This article describes the process of Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) with a sample of young people in London, with the aim of i) informing the development of a mood-monitoring e-platform, and ii) providing feedback and advice for researchers developing web-based technologies in the mental health field.

Methods

A total of 26 young people were consulted across four advisory group co-design sessions. All young people were students enrolled at one of the participating London based sixth form colleges, and voluntarily attended a workshop session. Audio recordings of the sessions were analysed using a thematic analysis framework.

Results

We found that young people were engaged in discussions around mobile health technologies and valued the opportunity to collaborate throughout the early stages of the development process The advisory groups identified key considerations for future web-development work to encourage engagement and prolonged use, including, the promotion of trust and transparency, consideration of accessibility, provision of support, production of engaging and functional design, and acknowledgment of specific contextual influences surrounding young people’s wellbeing.

Conclusions

Involving young people in the development process of e-health technologies contributes to optimising the successful adoption and prolonged usage of new methodologies. The thematic map and informant examples can be used to guide researchers interested in developing web-based technologies in the mental health field and will be directly applicable to the development of a mood-monitoring e-platform.
A seven-gene signature model predicts overall survival in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Ling , Xiang Zijin , Chen Xueru , Zhu Xiuting , Peng Xiangdong
Published: September 2020

Background

Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a potentially fatal urogenital disease. It is a major cause of renal cell carcinoma and is often associated with late diagnosis and poor treatment outcomes. More evidence is emerging that genetic models can be used to predict the prognosis of KIRC. This study aimed to develop a model for predicting the overall survival of KIRC patients.

Results

We identified 333 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between KIRC and normal tissues from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We randomly divided 591 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) into training and internal testing sets. In the training set, we used univariate Cox regression analysis to retrieve the survival-related DEGs and futher used multivariate Cox regression with the LASSO penalty to identify potential prognostic genes. A seven-gene signature was identified that included APOLD1, C9orf66, G6PC, PPP1R1A, CNN1G, TIMP1, and TUBB2B. The seven-gene signature was evaluated in the training set, internal testing set, and external validation using data from the ICGC database. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the high risk group had a significantly shorter overall survival time than the low risk group in the training, testing, and ICGC datasets. ROC analysis showed that the model had a high performance with an AUC of 0.738 in the training set, 0.706 in the internal testing set, and 0.656 in the ICGC external validation set.

Conclusion

Our findings show that a seven-gene signature can serve as an independent biomarker for predicting prognosis in KIRC patients.
Low-grade Cortisol Cosecretion Has Limited Impact on ACTH-stimulated AVS Parameters in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: O’Toole Samuel Matthew , Sze Wing-Chiu Candy , Chung Teng-Teng , Akker Scott Alexander , Druce Maralyn Rose , Waterhouse Mona , Pitkin Sarah , Dawnay Anne , Sahdev Anju , Matson Matthew , Parvanta Laila , Drake William Martyn
Published: September 2020

Context

In primary aldosteronism, cosecretion of cortisol may alter cortisol-derived adrenal venous sampling indices.

Objective

To identify whether cortisol cosecretion in primary aldosteronism alters adrenal venous sampling parameters and interpretation.

Design

Retrospective case–control study

Setting

A tertiary referral center

Patients

144 adult patients with primary aldosteronism who had undergone both adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated adrenal venous sampling and dexamethasone suppression testing between 2004 and 2018.

Main Outcome Measures

Adrenal venous sampling indices including adrenal vein aldosterone/cortisol ratios and the selectivity, lateralization, and contralateral suppression indices.

Results

21 (14.6%) patients had evidence of cortisol cosecretion (defined as a failure to suppress cortisol to ≤50 nmol/L post dexamethasone). Patients with evidence of cortisol cosecretion had a higher inferior vena cava cortisol concentration (P = .01) than those without. No difference was observed between the groups in terms of selectivity index, lateralization index, lateralization of aldosterone excess, or adrenal vein cannulation rate.

Conclusions

Cortisol cosecretion alters some parameters in adrenocorticotrophic hormone-stimulated adrenal venous sampling but does not result in alterations in patient management.
Association Between Body Size Phenotypes and Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: Rossello Xavier , Fuster Valentin , Oliva Belén , Sanz Javier , Fernández Friera Leticia A , López-Melgar Beatriz , Mendiguren José María , Lara-Pezzi Enrique , Bueno Héctor , Fernández-Ortiz Antonio , Ibanez Borja , Ordovás José María
Published: September 2020

Context

The underlying relationship between body mass index (BMI), cardiometabolic disorders, and subclinical atherosclerosis is poorly understood.

Objective

To evaluate the association between body size phenotypes and subclinical atherosclerosis.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Cardiovascular disease-free cohort.

Participants

Middle-aged asymptomatic subjects (n = 3909). A total of 6 cardiometabolic body size phenotypes were defined based on the presence of at least 1 cardiometabolic abnormality (blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and based on BMI: normal-weight (NW; BMI <25), overweight (OW; BMI = 25.0-29.9) or obese (OB; BMI >30.0).

Main Outcome Measures

Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by 2D vascular ultrasonography and noncontrast cardiac computed tomography.

Results

For metabolically healthy subjects, the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis increased across BMI categories (49.6%, 58.0%, and 67.7% for NW, OW, and OB, respectively), whereas fewer differences were observed for metabolically unhealthy subjects (61.1%, 69.7%, and 70.5%, respectively). When BMI and cardiometabolic abnormalities were assessed separately, the association of body size phenotypes with the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis was mostly driven by the coexistence of cardiometabolic risk factors: adjusted OR = 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.19) for OW and OR = 1.07 (95% CI, 0.88-1.30) for OB in comparison with NW, whereas there was an increasing association between the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis and the number of cardiometabolic abnormalities: adjusted OR = 1.21 (95% CI, 1.05-1.40), 1.60 (95% CI, 1.33-1.93), 1.92 (95% CI, 1.48-2.50), and 2.27 (95% CI, 1.67-3.09) for 1, 2, 3, and >3, respectively, in comparison with noncardiometabolic abnormalities.

Conclusions

The prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis varies across body size phenotypes. Pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions might modify their cardiovascular risk by facilitating the transition from one phenotype to another.
Biomarkers of Inflammation and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Individuals with Recent-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Maalmi Haifa , Herder Christian , Strassburger Klaus , Urner Sofia , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin , Zaharia Oana-Patricia , Karusheva Yanislava , Bongaerts Brenda Wilhelma Corinna , Rathmann Wolfgang , Burkart Volker , Szendroedi Julia , Roden Michael
Published: September 2020

Context

While inflammation has been associated with kidney function in long-standing diabetes, its possible association in newly diagnosed diabetes is unknown.

Objective

To investigate cross-sectional and prospective associations between biomarkers of inflammation and kidney function in recent-onset diabetes.

Methods

The study included individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes with known diabetes duration of <1 year from the German Diabetes Study. Baseline serum concentrations of 74 biomarkers were measured using proximity extension assay technology and their associations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and kidney function decline over 5 years were tested using multiple linear and logistic regression analysis.

Results

The cross-sectional analysis included 165 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 291 with type 2 diabetes. Baseline eGFR was higher in type 1 compared with type 2 diabetes (102 ± 15 vs 90 ± 16 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.0001). After full adjustment for covariates and multiple testing, 7 biomarkers were associated with lower baseline eGFR in type 1 diabetes and 24 were associated with lower baseline eGFR in type 2 diabetes. Among these biomarkers, 6 biomarkers (CD5, CCL23, CST5, IL-10RB, PD-L1, TNFRSF9) were inversely associated with eGFR in both diabetes types. The prospective analysis did not detect associations between inflammatory biomarkers and kidney function decline. No evidence of an interaction between diabetes type and inflammatory biomarkers was found.

Conclusion

Several biomarkers of inflammation associate with lower baseline eGFR in recent-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but do not associate with kidney function loss during the first 5 years after the diagnosis of diabetes.
Approach to Managing a Postmenopausal Patient
Authors: Santen Richard J , Heitjan Daniel F , Gompel Anne , Lumsden Mary Ann , Pinkerton JoAnn V , Davis Susan R , Stuenkel Cynthia A
Published: September 2020

Case and Principles of Management

The case of a symptomatic, postmenopausal woman is presented and a full discussion of the approach to her management is discussed. Pertinent guidelines and scientific evidence are emphasized as support for the recommendations.
Dynamics of Islet Autoantibodies During Prospective Follow-Up From Birth to Age 15 Years
Authors: Pöllänen Petra M , Ryhänen Samppa J , Toppari Jorma , Ilonen Jorma , Vähäsalo Paula , Veijola Riitta , Siljander Heli , Knip Mikael
Published: September 2020

Context

We set out to characterize the dynamics of islet autoantibodies over the first 15 years of life in children carrying genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D). We also assessed systematically the role of zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A) in this context.

Design

HLA-predisposed children (N = 1006, 53.0% boys) recruited from the general population during 1994 to 1997 were observed from birth over a median time of 14.9 years (range, 1.9-15.5 years) for ZnT8A, islet cell (ICA), insulin (IAA), glutamate decarboxylase (GADA), and islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) antibodies, and for T1D.

Results

By age 15.5 years, 35 (3.5%) children had progressed to T1D. Islet autoimmunity developed in 275 (27.3%) children at a median age of 7.4 years (range, 0.3-15.1 years). The ICA seroconversion rate increased toward puberty, but the biochemically defined autoantibodies peaked at a young age. Before age 2 years, ZnT8A and IAA appeared commonly as the first autoantibody, but in the preschool years IA-2A– and especially GADA-initiated autoimmunity increased. Thereafter, GADA-positive seroconversions continued to appear steadily until ages 10 to 15 years. Inverse IAA seroconversions occurred frequently (49.3% turned negative) and marked a prolonged delay from seroconversion to diagnosis compared to persistent IAA (8.2 vs 3.4 years; P = .01).

Conclusions

In HLA-predisposed children, the primary autoantibody is characteristic of age and might reflect the events driving the disease process toward clinical T1D. Autoantibody persistence affects the risk of T1D. These findings provide a framework for identifying disease subpopulations and for personalizing the efforts to predict and prevent T1D.
Persisting Muscle Dysfunction in Cushing’s Syndrome Despite Biochemical Remission
Authors: Vogel Frederick , Braun Leah T , Rubinstein German , Zopp Stephanie , Künzel Heike , Strasding Finn , Albani Adriana , Riester Anna , Schmidmaier Ralf , Bidlingmaier Martin , Quinkler Marcus , Deutschbein Timo , Beuschlein Felix , Reincke Martin
Published: September 2020

Context

Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy is a characteristic symptom of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Its long-term outcome is largely unknown.

Objective

To evaluate long-term muscle function following the remission of endogenous CS.

Study Design

Observational longitudinal cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care hospitals and a specialized outpatient clinic.

Patients

As part of the prospective multicenter German Cushing’s Registry, we assessed muscle strength in patients with overt endogenous CS. We studied the patients at the time of diagnosis (n = 88), after 6 months (n = 69), and thereafter annually, following surgical remission over a period of up to 4 years (1 year: n = 55; 2 years: n = 34; 3 years: n = 29; 4 years: n = 22). Muscle function was evaluated by hand grip strength and by chair rising test.

Results

Grip strength was decreased to 83% of normal controls (100%) at the time of diagnosis. It further decreased to 71% after 6 months in remission (P ≤ 0.001) and showed no improvement during further follow-up compared with baseline. Chair rising test performance improved initially (8 seconds at baseline vs 7 seconds after 6 months, P = 0.004) but remained at this reduced level thereafter (7 seconds after 3 years vs 5 seconds in controls, P = 0.038). In multivariate analysis, we identified, as predictors for long-term muscle dysfunction, age, waist-to-hip ratio, and hemoglobin A1c at baseline. Furthermore, muscle strength during follow-up was strongly correlated with quality of life.

Conclusion

This study shows that CS-associated myopathy does not spontaneously resolve during remission. This calls for action to identify effective interventions to improve muscle dysfunction in this setting.
The Wider Context of Samuelson’s MIT Textbook—Depression-Era Discussions about the Value of Economics Education for American Engineers
Authors: Bix Amy Sue
Published: September 2020

Standard histories of economic thought portray Paul Samuelson’s 1948 Economics textbook as the first serious attempt at teaching economics to young engineers. In reality, many other professors, both in economics and engineering, had extensively addressed that issue before World War II. Throughout the 1930s, the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education, faculty, and engineering professionals analyzed the relevance of economics to their work and the best ways to help students appreciate its importance. The Depression attached urgency to such discussions, as popular commentary blamed technological change for unemployment. In response, engineers sought to instill undergraduates with a self-glorifying economic history that credited engineering for all civilized progress and prosperity. Their rhetoric positioned engineers as the embodiment of disciplined rationality, the problem-solvers who could straighten out the nation’s crisis if encouraged to assume greater influence in economic governance. A number of Depression-era schools experimented with curricula for teaching engineers more economics, though approaches varied. Such developments thus situate this key episode of Samuelson’s life, the authorship of one of the most influential textbooks in modern economics, within a broader academic framework and longer intellectual context.
Hacia un diseño de políticas públicas de datos abiertos de medio ambiente
Authors: Vera Martinez Martin Cutberto , Martinez Rodriguez Maria Concepcion
Published: September 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como fin proponer el reconocimiento de las políticas públicas de datos abiertos de medio ambiente, no de los datos en sí ni de las bases de datos gubernamentales, sino de la existencia de una dinámica complementaria entre las políticas públicas de medio ambiente, los datos abiertos de medio ambiente y las políticas públicas de datos abiertos. Estas últimas políticas hasta ahora o son inexistentes o incipientes o poco confiables, a pesar de su peso en la sostenibilidad y el futuro de cualquier sociedad y economía.
The missing European Deposit Insurance Scheme
Authors: Bazoti Pery
Published: September 2020

The European Banking Union embarked as a highly ambitious project of the European Union as a response to the signifi cant fl aws and weaknesses in the original architecture of the European Monetary Union that became apparent during the economic crisis. However, the establishment of a single European banking system has stumbled upon the creation of a common deposit insurance scheme that could safeguard depositors and create a more stable fi nancial framework in the euro area. The European Deposit Insurance Scheme (EDIS) was fi rstly introduced by the European Commission in 2015. As a bold proposal that comprises wide risk mutualization among the euro area member states, it has spurred a vivid discussion in the European public speech and many proposals have been made since then altering its original planning in an effort to tackle the moral hazard concerns that have risen. The present article, after discussing the reasons that keep obstructing EDIS, presents these suggestions that move around, primarily, the role of the national deposit guarantee schemes. However, as highlighted in the article, before moving to any alterations on the structure and role of a proposed common deposit insurance scheme, signifi cant risk minimization on behalf of the national banking systems, must precede by limiting the sovereign exposures of banks and the size of the Non-Performing Loans. Such steps of risk minimization are critical for addressing concerns and the political unwillingness demonstrated by several European countries in moving forward towards deeper integration.
The effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Andri Faizal , Dono Nanung Danar , Sasongko Heru , Zuprizal Zuprizal
Published: September 2020

Background: There has been great interest in the use of seaweed as a functional feed ingredient for poultry in the last decade. This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens by using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.

Methods: A systematic search of published research articles related to seaweed, broiler chickens, and growth performance was conducted using three online databases (Scopus, PubMed, and SciELO). Mean values, standard deviation, and sample size were extracted from each eligible study. The estimated effect size was then quantified using Hedges’ g with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Data were pooled using a fixed-effect model due to the absence of heterogeneity after being pre-checked using the I2 statistic.

Results: A total of six studies (nine comparisons) involving 2,257 broiler chickens were accommodated in this study. The seaweed type consisted of seaweed blend, Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, and Ulva lactuca. The inclusion dose ranged from 2 to 30 g/kg, while the intervention duration ranged from 21 to 42 days. No substantial heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 0.00%) was found for feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Dietary seaweed had no significant effect on feed intake (Hedges’ g = 0.19; 95% CI = -0.22 to 0.60; P = 0.280). However, broiler chickens fed dietary seaweed had superior body weight gain (Hedges’ g = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.22 to 1.06; P = 0.000) and preferable feed conversion ratio (Hedges’ g = -0.53; 95% CI = -0.95 to -0.11; P = 0.004).

Conclusions: The current investigation highlights that dietary seaweed had growth-promoting potency for broiler chickens. However, more research on this issue is still required to build more comprehensive evidence.
Development of Pumpkin Powder Incorporated Instant Noodles
Authors: Nanthachai Nunchanok , Lichanporn Intira , Tanganurat Palida , Kumnongphai Pradit
Published: September 2020

Pumpkin is rich in nutrients, low fat, provide little energy and inexpensive. It is benefit to increase the nutritional value of instant noodles. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the effect of pumpkin powder (PP) on qualities of instant noodle. PP was added as part of instant noodle at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of the whole mixture basis. The results showed instant noodle without PP had highest water absorption rate, 71.97% (p  0.05). Instant noodles tended to increase cooking loss when increasing the PP. The addition of PP had effect on product color, L* value decrease while a* and b* values increased (p  0.05). The ash and beta-carotene content of PP instant noodles were significantly higher than control (p  0.05). The sensory evaluation showed that the instant noodles substitute with 10% PP had higher score than the others (p  0.05); color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptance were 8.77, 8.23, 8.73, 8.33, 8.33 and 8.76, respectively.
GUERRA NO LIVRO ILUSTRADO INFANTIL: A CAMINHO DE CASA, DE ANA TORTOSA E ESPERANZA LEÓN
Authors: Valente Thiago Alves , Ferreira Eliane Aparecida Galvão Ribeiro
Published: September 2020

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre o tema da guerra manifesto no livro ilustrado infantil contemporâneo. Para tanto, elegeu-se a obra A caminho de casa, escrita por Ana Tortosa e ilustrada por Esperanza León (2012), pois permite um modo de representação cativante, segundo Linden (2011), pela percepção simultânea de dois textos distintos: verbal e imagético. Justifica-se, então, na análise dessa obra, refletir sobre suas potencialidades na formação do leitor crítico (ECO, 2003). Para tanto, busca-se a partir do aporte da Estética da Recepção (JAUSS, 1994; ISER, 1996 e 1999), detectar se há vazios na estruturação da obra, que geram expectativa e tensão, bem como potências de negação e silenciamentos, os quais suscitam revisões de hipóteses, enfim, produtividade do leitor na leitura. Além disso, se suas ilustrações possuem pregnância estética (OLIVEIRA, 2008), sendo capazes de ampliar o imaginário do leitor infantil, constituir sua memória afetiva e, assim, desautomatizar seu olhar em relação à imagem.
NÚCLEO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS-UFOP E PLANO NACIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO: experiência da extensão universitária com os sujeit( )s dissidentes
Authors: Bomfim Rainer , Silva Jessica de Paula Bueno da , BAHIA Alexandre Gustavo Melo Franco de Moraes
Published: September 2020

Trata-se sobre como a extensão universitária desenvolvida pelo Núcleo de Direitos Humanos se relaciona com os sujeitos dissidentes e com as diretrizes do Plano Nacional de Educação. Utiliza-se da vertente metodológica jurídico-sociológica (GUSTIN, DIAS, 2013, p. 22). Para isso constrói-se o estudo apresentando uma breve narrativa da história do NDH-UFOP para mostrar a mudança temática do programa após a aprovação do Plano Nacional de Educação, o qual é demonstrado em seguida nos pontos que tratam sobre extensão. Após, conceitua-se sujeit( )s dissidentes e apresentam os projetos que se relaciona com tal conceituação.
Inclusão digital: resultados de um curso de informática para idosos
Authors: Raphael Bokehi José , Almeida Rocha Gian Vitor , Vilas-Bôas Hacker Alvarenga Maria Carmen
Published: September 2020

A inclusão digital de idosos ainda representa um desafio no Brasil. O Projeto Incluir surgiu em 2006, sob o financiamento da Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), visando atender ao Pré-Universitário Popular da Escola de Engenharia da UFF. Em 2007, ampliou sua atuação ao público idoso através da parceria com o do programa de extensão Espaço Avançado da Terceira Idade, da Escola de Serviço Social da UFF, um dos primeiros programas institucionais a focalizar questões de envelhecimento e a atender à terceira idade em Niterói. O papel do Projeto Incluir é prover o acesso à tecnologia a uma parcela da população que, por motivos culturais ou socioeconômicos, se vê à parte do mundo informatizado. Este trabalho relata os resultados obtidos por este projeto no período de 2010 a 2018. Para tanto foi efetuada uma busca documental nos relatórios anuais do projeto, bem como nas avaliações dos bolsistas e alunos que dele participaram neste mesmo período. Foram atendidos 384 idosos, em turmas de nível inicial e avançado. O projeto contou com 20 bolsistas de extensão, 5 discentes voluntários e 2 professores ao longo de seu funcionamento. As avaliações dos alunos mostram satisfação com o curso e incorporação de atividades ligadas à informática em suas atividades de rotina.  Dessa forma, conclui-se que o projeto vem contribuindo para ampliar a utilização das ferramentas de informática no cotidiano dos alunos, favorecendo a adoção de novas formas de inserção social e o uso de ferramentas de interesse na sua rotina.
Single speckle image analysis for monitoring the hardening kinetics of glass ionomer cements
Authors: El Cheikh Aicha , Pellen Fabrice , Le Jeune Bernard , Le Brun Guy , Abboud Marie
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we monitor the setting reaction of commercial glass ionomer cements using a laser speckle technique and adopting a spatial approach in the analysis of recorded speckle images. Experimental results showed that spatial contrast and speckle grain size increased as two studied cements underwent their setting reactions. After combining two geometrical configurations to measure the intensities of backscattered and transmitted light, we concluded that the increase in speckle grain size was caused by an increase in size of the scattering centers, since cement components aggregate and hence transition from a Rayleigh to a Mie scattering regime. Finally, two main phases were distinguished in the hardening process, as reported in the literature; however, the technique we propose has the advantage of easily identifying these two phases. The analysis of a single speckle image offers multiple advantages over the temporal analysis of a series of speckle images, in particular due to the low number of images recorded and a far shorter image processing time.
Analysis of frequency-shifting loops in integer and fractional Talbot conditions: electro-optic versus acousto-optic modulation
Authors: Yang Hongzhi , Brunel Marc , Vallet Marc , Zhang Haiyang , Zhao Changming
Published: September 2020

Frequency-shifting loops (FSLs) are analyzed theoretically in cases where the intracavity modulator induces two sidebands at each round trip, a situation that can be commonly obtained with electro-optic intensity or phase modulators. Using a simple model, we discuss the ability of such loops to perform frequency-to-time mapping, in the integer Talbot condition, or pulse repetition rate enhancement, in the fractional Talbot condition. The results are compared to the established acousto-optic FSL with pure frequency shift. We show that, in spite of a more complicated situation resulting from the dual sideband modulation, pulse repetition rate amplification can be obtained with an amplitude modulator, and frequency-to-time mapping can be obtained with a phase modulator. This opens new routes to high-frequency manipulation of microwave-optical signals with high-bandwidth (multi-gigahertz) modulators.
Nonparaxial phasor-field propagation
Authors: Dove Justin , Shapiro Jeffrey H.
Published: September 2020

Growing interest in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) imaging, colloquially referred to as “seeing around corners”, has led to the development of phasor-field (

P

-field) imaging, wherein the field envelope of amplitude-modulated spatially-incoherent light is manipulated like an optical wave to directly probe a space that is otherwise shielded from view by diffuse scattering. Recently, we have established a paraxial theory for

P

-field imaging in a transmissive geometry that is a proxy for three-bounce NLoS imaging [J. Dove and J. H. Shapiro, Opt. Express 27(13) 18016 (2019)10.1364/OE.27.018016]. Our theory, which relies on the Fresnel diffraction integral, introduces the two-frequency spatial Wigner distribution (TFSWD) to efficiently account for specularities and occlusions that may be present in the hidden space and cannot be characterized with

P

-field formalism alone. However, because the paraxial assumption is likely violated in many, if not most, NLoS scenarios, in the present paper we overcome that limitation by deriving a nonparaxial propagation formula for the

P

field using the Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction integral. We also propose a Rayleigh–Sommerfeld propagation formula for the TFSWD and provide a derivation that is valid under specific partial-coherence conditions. Finally, we report a pair of differential equations that characterize free-space TFSWD propagation without restriction.
Displacement-free stereoscopic phase measuring deflectometry based on phase difference minimization
Authors: Zhang Haolin , Šics Igors , Ladrera Jon , Llonch Marta , Nicolas Josep , Campos Juan
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we propose a phase difference minimization algorithm to measure the specular surface shape in a displacement-free stereoscopic phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) system. The presented system is capable of solving the height-normal ambiguity appearing in a PMD system without moving any system component. Both the surface normal and the absolute height are simultaneously obtained by implementing phase difference minimization between the phase distributions in the LCD screen and the camera image plane. In particular, phase difference minimization is performed by using a second order polynomial fitting iteration method. Bi-cubic sub-pixel interpolation combined with 2D Fourier integration is used to reconstruct the surface. Finally, the performance of the proposed stereoscopic PMD system is verified by measuring the surface shapes of different mirrors and performing repeatability tests.
Calibration method for the electrically tunable lens based on shape-changing polymer
Authors: Lu Zhangji , Cai Lilong
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a calibration method for the camera system with electrically tunable lens (ETL) based on shape-changing polymer (SCP) is proposed to improve the accuracy, robustness and practicality of the system. The camera model of the ETL based on SCP is proposed based on the analyses of its optical properties. The calibration strategy, including initial estimation of camera parameters and bundle adjustment is presented. To eliminate the influence of temperature on ETL in machine vision applications, a real-time temperature compensation method is proposed. The proposed method makes use of the existing calibration hardware without adding new components to the system. Both simulations and experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed camera model and calibration method. The measurement error with the proposed calibration method is below 20 microns at high magnification, whose measurement accuracy is improved by five times than the existing method at high magnification. With the proposed calibration method for the camera system with ETL based on SCP, the calibration workload is reduced and accurate calibration at high magnification is achieved. It also benefits the development of autofocusing 3D measurement technology.
High-speed reconfigurable free-space optical interconnects with carrierless-amplitude-phase modulation and filter-enhanced spatial modulation
Authors: Wang Ke
Published: September 2020

Optical technologies have been widely studied to satisfy the interconnect demand in high-performance computers and data centers, and free-space optical interconnects have been investigated for flexible card-to-card applications. To increase the interconnect speed and range, in this Letter we propose a reconfigurable free-space optical interconnect with 16-carrierless-amplitude-phase (16-CAP) symbol modulation and filter-enhanced spatial modulation (FE-SM). The 16-CAP increases the interconnect speed in the symbol domain, and the FE-SM scheme increases the speed in the spatial domain, even under highly correlated optical interconnect channels. A 50 Gb/s reconfigurable optical interconnect is experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the impact of FE-SM on the bit error rate (BER) is negligible, while the speed is significantly improved. Compared with the conventional SM scheme, the BER is improved by over one order of magnitude. The proposed scheme is also capable of extending the interconnect range. The results show that over 70% range extension and 50% speed increase can be achieved simultaneously. The proposed scheme with a 16-CAP and FE-SM provides a promising solution in free-space optical interconnects.
Faktor Risiko Prenatal Terhadap Kejadian Penyakit Ginjal Kronik derajat III-V di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang
Authors: Hasanah Khotimatun , Widajat R. Rochmanadji , Mellyana Omega
Published: September 2020

Latar belakang. Kelainan ginjal kongenital menyebabkan hampir 60% penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) pada anak. Faktor kesehatan maternal serta kondisi intrauterin akan memengaruhi kesehatan bayi yang dilahirkan dan dapat memprediksi adanya kelainan ginjal. Tujuan. Untuk meneliti faktor risiko prenatal terhadap kejadian PGK derajat III-V pada anak.Metode. Studi kasus kontrol dengan 76 pasien dengan PGK derajat III-V (usia <18 tahun saat diagnosis) dan 76 kontrol di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang antara 2017-2019. Faktor risiko prenatal ditanyakan pada tiap kelompok dengan kuesioner. Hubungan antara faktor risiko prenatal dengan kejadian PGK dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi logistik.Hasil. Bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) (OR7,33; 95%CI (2,387-22,526); p<0,001) dan prematuritas (OR10,56; 95%CI (3,013-37,006); p<0,001) merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan terhadap kejadian PGK derajat III-V pada anak. Faktor risiko prenatal lainnya, yaitu lingkungan merokok selama kehamilan (OR 1,00;95%CI 0,505-1,982), ibu malnutrisi (OR 1,00;95%CI 0,061-16,285), ibu preeklamsia (OR 1,00;95%CI 0,333-3,003), dan ibu DM (OR 1,00;95%CI 0,061-16,285) bukan merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian PGK. Ibu oligohidramnion (OR 1,74;95%CI 0,395-7,439) merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian PGK derajat III-V pada anak namun tidak signifikan secara statistik.Kesimpulan. Bayi berat lahir rendah dan prematuritas merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap kejadian PGK derajat III-V pada anak di RSUP Dr. Kariadi. Prematuritas merupakan faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian PGK derajat III-V pada anak.
Paisagem linguística de Timor-Leste
Authors: Albuquerque Davi , Almeida Nuno Carlos
Published: September 2020

A Constituição da República Democrática de Timor-Leste estabelece o português e o tétum como línguas oficiais, reconhecendo o inglês e o indonésio apenas como línguas de trabalho e determinando o estudo e a preservação das diversas línguas nacionais. Através da análise de um recorte da paisagem linguística da capital, Díli, este estudo oferece uma perspectiva sobre a representação e distribuição das várias línguas naquela paisagem, enquadrada por uma breve contextualização em termos de política linguística, na tentativa de apurar se existe predominância de alguma(s) língua(s) sobre as outras, de verificar a visibilidade das línguas nacionais e de averiguar se há lugar a outras línguas distintas das nacionais, das oficiais e das de trabalho. Ademais, será feita a comparação dos resultados agora obtidos com aqueles apresentados noutros estudos sobre a mesma temática, naquele mesmo contexto.
Smart Parenting Demokratis Dalam Membangun Karakter Anak
Authors: Rozana Asiatik Afrik , Wahid Abdul Hamid , Muali Chusnul
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the Smart Parenting Democratic in Building the Character of the Child. The character that is embedded in a child is strongly influenced by the role of the parent, in which the parent becomes the first person in terms of planting moral, religious, social and other values. Related parenting methods of parenting, there are various types that can be used such as authoritarian parenting, permissive parenting, and democratic parenting. Therefore, to be a smart parent is very necessary to always develop a method of care that is considered good to be applied to his children. Democratic parenting is one of the most effective parenting styles compared to other parenting styles.