bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Technical Efficiency of Firms of Different Sizes: A Case Study of Nigerian Upstream Players
Authors: Idowu Adekunle J. , Iledare Omowunmi O. , Dada Bamidele G.
Published: February 2019

Technological advancements in the exploration and production (E&P) of oil and gas have been on the increase worldwide in recent decades. Nigeria, being one of the major oil and gas producers in the world, has become a hub of international oil and gas investors since the early 1960s. Nigeria hosts more than 80 oil and gas companies in its upstream sector, including international oil companies (IOCs), indigenous oil companies (IndOCs), marginal-field operators (MFOs). and a national oil company (NOC). However, there is an increasing concern from policy makers over scanty quantitative information on the relative technical efficiency (RTE) of these operators for effective upstream performance analysis. This paper attempts to cover this gap by providing estimates of the RTE index for upstream operators in Nigeria from 2010 to 2016. An output-oriented data-envelopment-analysis (DEA) framework is adopted that is based on constant-return-to-scale (CRTS) assumptions. For a CRTS-DEA model (cDEA model), three input and two output variables were considered. Empirical results show that approximately 19% of the operators perform along the CRTS efficient-production frontier. Consequently, it is recommended that policy makers formulate upstream policies that encourage aggressive reserves growth and ensure an optimal reserves/production ratio.
Dying to get to work or getting to work to die?
Authors: Hikspoors Frans
Published: February 2019

Dying for a Paycheck: How Modern Management Harms Employee Health and Company Performance – and What We Can Do About It. Jeffrey Pfeffer. New York, New York: Harper Business, 2018, 272 pp., ISBN 13: 978-0062800923
Why isn’t there a sustainability plan for humans in their workplace? Almost every serious multinational company has a sustainability policy concerning the environmental pollution. Companies are obliged to make EIR (Environmental Impact Reports). However, when it comes to the human resources, no policies are set into place to protect the physical and mental wellbeing of their employees. If there are attempts made to ban toxic products and processes, why isn`t there a protection against toxic management systems?This is one of the challenging questions Jeffrey Pfeffer presents in his latest book “Dying for the paycheck”. No, there is no error, the title indeed is “Dying for the paycheck”. Pfeffer explains his provocative title in an interview with Dan Schawbel: “Two colleagues and I estimated that about one-half of the 120,000 excess deaths from workplace exposures annually was preventable” (retrieved from Dan Schawbel personal branding blog: http://www.personalbrandingblog.com/jeffrey-pfeffer-employers-care-health-employees/). These numbers are being put into perspective by comparison to 27 European countries and Pfeffer’s conclusion is that by estimate, 60,000, or half the death, and about 63 billion, or one-third of the excess costs, might be preventable (Pfeffer, chapter 2, page 6).
Peran Syukur sebagai Moderator Pengaruh Perbandingan Sosial terhadap Self-esteem pada Remaja Pengguna Media Sosial
Authors: Putra Johan Satria
Published: February 2019

Adolescents consistently compare themselves with others they see on social media. This habit can bring up in them a sense of envy or inferiority, which then can lead to a decrease in self-esteem. Therefore, it is necessary to have aspects that can increase their confidence and optimism, including in term of spirituality, their sense of gratitude. The purpose of this study was to see the role of gratitude as moderating variable in the influence of social comparison on the self-esteem of social media adolescent users. The research was conducted using social comparison scale of Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orien­tation Scale (INCOM), gratitude scale, and self-esteem state scale, which were distributed to 200 social media adolescent users in DKI Jakarta, were involved through incidental sampling. The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant role of gratitude in influencing social comparison to change these participants’ self-esteem. The sense of gratitude served to increase these adolescents’ self-esteem, which previously decreased as a result of social comparison. This study had a number of weaknesses in the use of the instruments, especially the social comparison scale. Any similar study in the future is expected to focus more on one kind of social media.
Efektivitas Pelatihan Empati dalam Mengurangi Konflik Perkawinan pada Pasangan Suami Istri yang Berada pada Tahun Awal Pernikahan
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati , Nurviani Rahima , Ilham Ridha
Published: February 2019

A conflict in marriage is something that cannot be avoided but must be faced. For this reason, in an effort to reduce or resolve a conflict that occurs, a couple of husband and wife must have effective communication. It includes showing of empathy, which requires the ability of husband and wife to listen to their partners attentively and be willing to receive messages from each other. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of empathy training to reduce conflict in married couples in their early years of marriage. Empathy training was developed based on 4 empathy techniques, namely self-empathy, accepting others, accurate listening, and per­spective taking. Empathy training was conducted on 14 couples who lived in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar. They were selected using purposive sampling technique. The study used between group/pretest-posttest control group design and the data were collected with marital conflict scale. The results of data analysis showed that empathy training was effective to reduce marital conflict in married couples in the early years of marriage
Low–Temperature Storage and the Viability Preservation of Streptomyces
Authors: Выборнова Татьяна , Vybornova Tatyana , Шарова Наталья , Sharova Natalya , Принцева Анастасия , Printseva Anastasia
Published: February 2019

The most effective way to store microorganisms of different taxonomic groups is at low temperatures from minus 12°C to minus 150°C. The present research features the influence of low temperature (minus 12°C and 18°C) on the viability of collection strains of actinomycetes Streptomyces lucensis VKPM Ac-1743 and Streptomyces violaceus VKPM Ac-1734, producers of glycosidase inhibitors. The strains were stored without a cryoprotector in a 15% glycerol solution and 0.9% sodium chloride aqueous liquid. The research objective was to check their ability to keep their inhibitor activity against pancreatic amylase during corn starch hydrolysate fermentation. The experiment made it possible to determine the titer (CFU in 1 cm3 of the initial inoculum) and inhibitory activity against pancreatic α-amylase. It was revealed that Streptomyces lucensis and Streptomyces violaceus strains in cell initial concentrations of 107 and 108 CFU/cm3 maintained high viability level during four months conservation in 15% glycerol solution and 0.9% sodium chloride aqueous solution at the temperatures of minus 12 °C and minus 18 °C. Most cells survived at the conservation in a 15% glycerol solution at minus 18 °C. The inhibitor activity level in cultural liquid was higher in Streptomyces lucensis and Streptomyces violaceus strains kept in 15% glycerol solution at low the temperatures than in those kept in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The cultures kept in a 15% glycerol solution at minus 18 °C had higher inhibitor activity indicators 2600 ± 200 IU/cm3 . The research proved that low-temperature storage of Streptomyces produces no negative effect on the viability and biosynthetic activity of the cultures.
Innovative Solutions in Milk Whey Production
Authors: Храмцов Андрей , Khramtsov Andrey
Published: February 2019

The paper features some practical and theoretical achievements made by the federal level Scientific school of Living Systems (7510.2010.4) headquartered at the North-Caucasus Federal University. The article describes the principles of non-waste technology in milk whey production. The sustainable use of milk whey presupposes its conditioning before technological processing. Moreover, all components of milk whey are put into use: concentrates, high-quality lactose, and such derivatives as prebiotics, especially lactulose.
Presence of emerging contaminants in urban water bodies in southern Brazil
Authors: Ghesti Pivetta Glaucia , do Carmo Cauduro Gastaldini Maria
Published: February 2019

The presence of pharmaceutical and hormone residues in water bodies is a matter of recent global concern. This study investigated the presence of such contaminants in two urban water bodies located in the city of Santa Maria, in southern Brazil. Two urban catchments, characterized by anthropogenic influences and poor household waste collection and treatment systems, were investigated. The Cancela-Tamandaí catchment covers an area of 2.7 km2, 50% of which is impervious soil, and is home to 14,300 inhabitants. The João Goulart catchment area covers 5.5 km2, 40% of which is impervious soil, and houses 11,900 inhabitants. Ten sampling campaigns were conducted in each catchment. Samples were checked for diclofenac, ibuprofen, paracetamol, 17 β-estradiol, estriol, ethisterone, estrone, and megestrol acetate. Four of the hormones (17 β-estradiol, estriol, estrone, and megestrol acetate) were not detected in either catchment. Ethisterone was detected in a single sampling campaign in Cancela-Tamandaí. Ibuprofen and paracetamol were detected in several samples, while diclofenac was absent. The mean concentration of ibuprofen in the João Goulart catchment was 0.51 μg L−1 and in the Cancela-Tamandaí it was 1.26 μg L−1. Mean paracetamol concentrations were 0.4 μg L−1 in the João Goulart catchment and 3.0 μg L−1 in the Cancela-Tamandaí.

This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Studies on the efficacy and therapeutic potential of sweet basil against E.coli
Authors: Singh Sumit Kumar , Sarsaiya Surendra
Published: February 2019

Ocimum basilicum leaves were evaluated for their phytochemical as well as anti bacterial properities. Two different solventsc chloroform and water was used. Disc diffusion method was adopted for evaluation of antimicrobial activity of medicinal leaves. The result shows that sweet basil leaves are having good antibacterial activity and thus showing minimum inhibitory concentration zone of 22 mm against chloroform extract and 16 mm against aqueous extract.
Effect of environmental conditions on germination of Albizzia lebbek, Dalbergia sissoo and Terminalia arjuna with special reference to Bundelkhand Region, India.
Authors: Sengar Bhagya Laxmi , Chauhan Ragvendra , Sharma Akriti
Published: February 2019

In the Bundelkhand plain sub region areas of Jhansi, Hamirpur and Datia districts, along the banks of rivers like the Pahuj, Betwa and Yamuna, we see Albizzia lebbek (Siris) Dalbergia Sissoo (Shisham) and Terminalia arjuna (Arjun). There is little timber production in Bundelkhand, good teak forests are found only in Sagar and Damoh districts in small patches. Bamboo is found in small patches across the region forests and scrub lands are intensively used by to source firewood for consumption and sale. The aim of the study is to show the effect of soil and atmospheric condition on the growth of forest tree in Bundelkhand region.
Stomatal responses to environmental variation among Duranta erecta L.
Authors: Sahay Sneha , Kumar Jyoti
Published: February 2019

Stomata are pores found in the epidermis of leaf that allow for consequently water loss through transpiration, pores are bound by specialized cells, called guard cells. Abnormalities present in the stomata such as contiguous stomata, twin stomata are of great importance to the global-water cycle and plant’s ability to respond to environmental variation. Elevation of atmospheric carbon di-oxide concentration often results in lower stomatal density. Inspection of the distribution of stomata in leaves growing in environment with different levels of available water gives clues for the role of stomata in plant adaptation. The plant environment is continuously changing, and stomatal apertures are perceived by the guard cells. They adapt to local and global changes on all timescales from minute to millennia.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of three important medicinal plants of South India
Authors: B. Gopalakrishnaiah , O. Aniel Kumar
Published: February 2019

India is found to be a country with rich biodiversity and enormous treasure of herbal plants and consequently called as medicinal garden of the world. Plants are the richest source of natural antimicrobial agents. In recent years drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases; one approach is to screen local medicinal plants for possible antimicrobial properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of hexane, chloroform and methanol crude extracts of the leaves of three important medicinal plants viz., Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC, Bougainvillea spectabilis L. and Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming, collected from in and around Visakhapatnam District. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was tested against three Gram Positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Enterococcus faecalis MTCC 439, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 737), Three Gram Negative bacteria (Escherichia coli MTCC 443, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 426 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 1688) and three Fungal strains (Candida albicans MTCC 227, Epidermophyton floccosum MTCC 613 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes MTCC 7687) using agar well diffusion assay. Our results demonstrated that methanol extracts of these plants leaves have concentration dependent antibacterial activity against some of the tested organisms. Further studies should be undertaken to elucidate the exact mechanism of action of antimicrobial effect to identify the active ingredients which can be used for drug development program.
Gestión del centro histórico de San Luis de Potosí
Authors: Arias Suárez Thalía
Published: February 2019

México es uno de los países con mayor cantidad de centros históricos reconocidos por Unesco, por lo cual ha desarrollado una serie de políticas culturales, las cuales se ocupan tanto del aspecto normativo como de los recursos económicos de estos centros. El presente artículo analiza la gestión del centro histórico de San Luis de Potosí, ubicado al norte del país. Los trabajos de recuperación del patrimonio allí realizados se llevaron a cabo en el marco de las políticas culturales nacionales y de la normativa local. Para el presente artículo se ha realizado una revisión de los documentos referentes a la labor de gestión realizada, los cuales han tomado en consideración los aspectos políticos, sociales, culturales y económicos del Centro Histórico. De igual forma, se ha analizado cómo se han materializado los planes propuestos, y cuáles han sido los efectos de estos sobre el patrimonio y los actores locales. Además, se ha llevado a cabo un balance de la gestión del centro histórico de San Luis de Potosí, en el que se resaltan los aciertos y desaciertos de la ardua labor que supone la gestión del patrimonio cultural dentro de un espacio donde se concentran elementos culturales y sociales tan variables.
Electronic Health Record–Based Strategy to Promote Medication Adherence Among Patients With Diabetes: Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bailey Stacy Cooper , Wallia Amisha , Wright Sarah , Wismer Guisselle A , Infanzon Alexandra C , Curtis Laura M , Brokenshire Samantha A , Chung Arlene E , Reuland Daniel S , Hahr Allison J , Hornbuckle Kenneth , Lockwood Karen , Hall Lori , Wolf Michael S
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

Poor medication adherence is common; however, few mechanisms exist in clinical practice to monitor how patients take medications in outpatient settings.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to pilot test the Electronic Medication Complete Communication (EMC2) strategy, a low-cost, sustainable approach that uses functionalities within the electronic health record to promote outpatient medication adherence and safety.

METHODS

The EMC2 strategy was implemented in 2 academic practices for 14 higher-risk diabetes medications. The strategy included: (1) clinical decision support alerts to prompt provider counseling on medication risks, (2) low-literacy medication summaries for patients, (3) a portal-based questionnaire to monitor outpatient medication use, and (4) clinical outreach for identified concerns. We recruited adult patients with diabetes who were prescribed a higher-risk diabetes medication. Participants completed baseline and 2-week interviews to assess receipt of, and satisfaction with, intervention components.

RESULTS

A total of 100 patients were enrolled; 90 completed the 2-week interview. Patients were racially diverse, 30.0% (30/100) had a high school education or less, and 40.0% (40/100) had limited literacy skills. About a quarter (28/100) did not have a portal account; socioeconomic disparities were noted in account ownership by income and education. Among patients with a portal account, 58% (42/72) completed the questionnaire; 21 of the 42 patients reported concerns warranting clinical follow-up. Of these, 17 were contacted by the clinic or had their issue resolved within 24 hours. Most patients (33/38, 89%) who completed the portal questionnaire and follow-up interview reported high levels of satisfaction (score of 8 or greater on a scale of 1-10).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings suggest that the EMC2 strategy can be reliably implemented and delivered to patients, with high levels of satisfaction. Disparities in portal use may restrict intervention reach. Although the EMC2 strategy can be implemented with minimal impact on clinic workflow, future trials are needed to evaluate its effectiveness to promote adherence and safety.
2D AND 3D-QSAR ANALYSIS OF AMINO (3-((3, 5-DIFLUORO-4-METHYL-6-PHENOXYPYRIDINE-2-YL) OXY) PHENYL) METHANIMINIUM DERIVATIVES AS FACTOR XA INHIBITOR
Authors: Suhane Smita , Nerkar A. G. , Modi Kumud , Sawant Sanjay D.
Published: February 2019

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to evolve a novel pharmacophore of methaniminium derivatives as factor Xa inhibitors by developing best 2D and 3D QSAR models.

The models were developed for amino (3-((3, 5-difluoro-4-methyl-6-phenoxypyridine-2-yl) oxy) phenyl) methaniminium derivatives as factor Xa inhibitors.

Methods: With the help of Marvin application, 2D structures of thirty compounds of methaniminium derivatives were drawn and consequently converted to 3D structures. 2D QSAR using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and PLS regression method was performed with the help of molecular design suite VLife MDS 4.3.3. 3D QSAR analysis was carried out using k-Nearest Neighbour Molecular Field Analysis (k-NN-MFA).

Results: The most significant 2D models of methaniminium derivatives calculated squared correlation coefficient value 0.8002 using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. Partial Least Square (PLS) regression method was also employed. The results of both the methods were compared. In 2D QSAR model, T_C_O_5, T_2_O_2, s log p, T_2_O_1 and T_2_O_6 descriptors were found significant.

The best 3D QSAR model with k-Nearest Neighbour Molecular Field Analysis have predicted q2 value 0.8790, q2_se value 0.0794, pred r2 value 0.9340 and pred_r2 se value 0.0540. The stepwise regression method was employed for anticipating the inhibitory activity of this class of compound. The 3D model demonstrated that hydrophobic, electrostatic and steric descriptors exhibit a crucial role in determining the inhibitory activity of this class of compounds.

Conclusion: The developed 2D and 3D QSAR models have shown good r2 and q2 values of 0.8002 and 0.8790 respectively. There is high agreement in inhibitory properties of experimental and predicted values, which suggests that derived QSAR models have good predicting properties.

The contour plots of 3D QSAR (k-NN-MFA) method furnish additional information on the relationship between the structure of the compound and their inhibitory activities which can be employed to construct newer potent factor Xa inhibitors.
ANTISICKLING ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF FRACTIONS OBTAINED FROM WHOLE EXTRACTS OF NEWBOULDIA LAEVIS P. BEAUV (BIGNONIACEAE)
Authors: Dermane Affo , Kpegba Kafui , Metowogo Kossi , Joppa M. Kossi , Aklikokou A. Kodjo
Published: February 2019

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the fractions from whole extracts of roots and stem barks of Newbouldia laevis and their effect on sickling.

Methods: Hydroethanolic extracts of stem barks and roots of Newbouldia laevis were fractionated by the technics of cold precipitation in ethanol. The fractions obtained after phytochemical screening were subjected to Emmel test to evaluate their anti-sickling activity. Active fractions were tested for DPPH and AAPH assay (AAPH induced membrane lipoperoxidation and evaluation of reduction of hemolysis).

Results: Two fractions were obtained from each whole extract: supernatant and pellet fractions. Supernatants fractions obtained from whole roots barks extract and stem barks extract at a concentration of 30 mg/ml reduced sickling up respectively to 7% and 10% against 86% for the control. Pellets fractions obtained from the both extracts induced coagulation of SS blood at 30 mg/ml against 86% for the control.

Conclusion: Supernatants fractions of hydroethanolic whole extract of roots and stem backs of Newbouldia laevis promise as the potential source of active molecules against sickle cell disease.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF RAPAMYCIN, TEMSIROLIMUS REGIO ISOMER (MONOESTER) AND TEMSIROLIMUS DIESTER IN TEMSIROLIMUS DRUG
Authors: Reddy Gorla S. , Rao Chava V. N.
Published: February 2019

Objective: Separation and identification of the process impurities in the manufacture of temsirolimus drug viz., rapamycin, temsirolimus regioisomer (monoester) (TS monoester), and temsirolimus diester (TS diester).

Methods: During the process development of temsirolimus (TS), three process impurities-rapamycin, temsirolimus regioisomer (monoester) and temsirolimus diester-were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Impurities were isolated by medium pressure liquid Chromatography (MPLC) and characterized by ESI-MS/MS, 1H NMR, FT-IR spectral data.

Results: These impurities are characterised with the help of ESI MS/MS, 1H NMR, and FT-IR data. The impurities are identified and characterised as the process impurities. One of them is the starting material i.e. rapamycin and the other two are formed during the manufacture of the drug. This method offers advantages over using photodiode-array UV detection (LC-PDA) for the determination of peak purity, viz. components with similar UV spectra can be distinguished.

Conclusion: The structures of these impurities were characterized as rapamycin, TS Monoester, and TS Diester. Out of these process impurities, rapamycin has been previously identified while the other two are previously unreported.
ALUMINA CATALYST: SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR SOLUBILITY INCREASES THROUGH INCLUSION WITH β-CYCLODEXTRIN
Authors: Hossain Mossaraf , Nanda Ashis Kumar
Published: February 2019

Objective: To synthesis a novel methodology of bioactive quinazoline derivatives under greener process to an excellent yields and increases their solubility via inclusion with β-cyclodextrin (CD).

Methods: Derivatives of quinazoline compounds were prepared by the mixture of 3-amino-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one, derived from 2-phenyl-4H-benzo[1,3]oxazin-4-one by refluxing with hydrazine, substituted aromatic aldehyde and alumina intimately in an agate mortar and pestle under solvent-free condition. Using various techniques for preparing inclusion complexes, kneaded method is the best method for encapsulation in host-guest complex chemistry. All compounds including inclusion complexes were characterised by spectral methods.

Results: Synthesized a series of novel quinazoline compounds under a very easier greener process with a commercially available reagent. However, their low bioavailability, due to low absorption and solubility, can limit their potential applications. CD was used to resolve this solubility problem. CD can easily accommodated the guest molecules to encapsulate inside its cavity due to interior the hydrophobic nature with a hydrophilic exterior part to form thermodynamically more stable molecular microcapsules, commonly name as host-guest complexes or inclusion complexes. In this sense, CD was utilized to enhance not only the solubility and bioavailability of these quinazoline compounds but also their antibacterial capacity. The formation of inclusion complex was thus confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solubility study technique.

Conclusion: Here we have successfully unfolded an eco-friendly methodology for the synthesis of derivatives of quinazoline and increased their solubility via host-guest inclusion technique. From the spectral analysis, it was concluded that the quinazoline compound is fully encapsulated inside the cavity of the CD.
DERIVATIVE UV SPECTROSCOPIC APPROACHES IN MULTICOMPONENT ANALYSIS–A REVIEW
Authors: Sowjanya Gummadi , S. GANAPATY , ALMAS SARA
Published: February 2019

The spectrophotometric multi-component analysis involves spectrum recording and mathematical equations. However, spectral interference poses a major limitation when mixture samples are encountered. To overcome this derivative spectrophotometry (DS) has been introduced for the resolution of overlapping peaks.

In this review modified methods like derivative quotient spectra, double divisor ratio spectra derivative method, double divisor means centering of ratio spectra method, derivative subtraction coupled with the constant multiplication method (DS-CM), amplitude subtraction (AS), modified amplitude subtraction (MAS), amplitude factor method (P-Factor), amplitude modulation method (AM), amplitude summation method (A-Sum), simultaneous derivative ratio spectrophotometry (S1DD), derivative compensation ratio via regression equation, differential dual wavelength (D1 DWL), differential derivative ratio (D1DR), successive derivative subtraction method (SDS) and derivative transformation (DT) of derivative spectrophotometry theories and applications are reviewed.

These methods were applied to solve different complex pharmaceuticals mixtures. These developed methods were simple and cost-effective.
DETERMINATION, ISOLATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF AUCUBIN AND VERBASCOSIDE IN THE LEAVES OF IRAQI PLANTAGO LANCOLETA L. USING DIFFERENT DETECTING METHODS
Authors: Khalaf Hasan A. , Abbas Ibrahim S. , Tawfeeq Amani A. , Mahdi Monther F.
Published: February 2019

Objective: Plantago lanceoleta L. (ribwort plantain) is one of the important medicinal herbs which is widespread fortune available in Iraq, that have a wide range of medicinal properties. The aim of this work was to determine, isolate and identify verbascoside and aucubin in Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. by using different chromatographic and spectrometric methods.

Methods: Verbascoside and aucubin were isolated and quantified by preparative TLC, and then they were determined by the high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. Aucubin and catalpol in the plant extract were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS); aucubin and verbascoside that isolated from the plant sample were examined by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and LC-MS, respectively.

Results: The result showed that the Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. contains 1.74 percent (verbascoside) and 0.24 percent (aucubin) of dry powdered leaves. Each TLC-isolated compound showed a single spot on the HPTLC plate, which give an idea about the purity of the isolated compound. Aucubin (with catalpol) and verbascoside both are detected by LC-MS in different ionization mode. Many functional groups were identified in the TLC-isolated aucubin by FT-IR.

Conclusion: The Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. showed a high content of verbasoside, and it is a very rich source for this compound, which can be easily isolated by TLC and subjected to many pharmacological studies. The extract of the young leaves of this plant gave a little amount of aucubin, and it is easy to obtain a higher content from the older leaves.
HUMAN AND SOCIAL CAPITAL AS FACTORS OF INEQUALITIES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EU COUNTRIES
Authors: Skrodzka Iwona
Published: February 2019

The importance of human and social capital in the processes of growth and economic development has been broadly discussed in the literature. There are many theoretical models of economic growth considering human or social capital. However, there is still a shortage of empirical studies concerning the dependencies between these phenomena. The purpose of this study is to examine the role which human and social capital play in the processes of economic development in the European Union countries. Empirical analysis concerns the year 2015. Owing to the fact that neither of these categories is measurable, the research uses the soft modelling method. It allows users to examine links between variables which are not directly observable (latent variables). The conducted research has demonstrated that human capital as well as social capital had statistically significant, positive impact on the economic development of the EU countries. The obtained results also made it possible to create the rankings of the examined countries according to their stocks of human and social capital and the level of economic development.
NON-FINANCIAL BACKGROUND OF SUCCESS AROUND GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS – EVIDENCE FROM EASTERN EUROPE
Authors: Andor Gyorgy , Toth Tamas
Published: February 2019

The research is about the relationship between the non-financial firm characteristics and the financial progress around the global financial crisis in 2008-2009. Non-financial firm characteristics data of 218 non-listed Central and Eastern European companies come from a survey in 2006 which focused on the capital budgeting practices and other characteristics of firms – such as presence of Western management culture, firm size, and extent of management ownership. The most important financial indicators are followed up reflecting these firms’ financial progresses – sales, profit before tax, net income, earnings before interest and taxes, total assets, equity, debt, return on equity, return on assets and number of employees – from 2005 to 2012. To analyse firms’ sensibility to the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, differences of financial indicators between the pre-crisis (2005-2008) and post-crisis (2009-2012) periods are examined by the non-financial indicators.Our results confirm that 1) firms using any accounting-based capital budgeting methods are less sensitive to the financial crisis; 2) small firms are more exposed to a volatile business environment than larger ones; and 3) firms with higher level of management ownership perform better in time of crisis than firms with lower level of management ownership.
THE EFFECTS OF VOLATILITY SPILLOVER ON THE LARGEST GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKET SEGMENTS
Authors: Janković Irena
Published: February 2019

The aim of the paper is to present and analyse indicators of financial connectedness and volatility spillover on important segments of the global financial market – the stock market, bond market, CDS market, and foreign exchange market. Total, net, and directional measures of volatility spillover are presented and analysed, indicating the level of connectedness of countries’ particular market segments and the level of volatility spillover in periods of crisis and stability.
SKALE ZA OCJENJIVANJE ZADOVOLJSTVA POSLOM – ANALIZA ODABRANIH NAUČNIH ČLANAKA
Authors: Došenović Dragana
Published: February 2019

Although the concept of job satisfaction has been explored and analyzed in numerous studies, it can be noticed that this concept has been studied in various ways. For this reason, the subject of research in this paper is a set of different scientific articles with topic related to job satisfaction. As the basic aim of this paper is to gain insight into the concept of job satisfaction, a research was carried out on a convenience sample of scientific articles. The results show that authors use different approaches when defining, studying and evaluating job satisfaction in their research. As a result, different methodologies, job satisfaction factors and scales designed for the assessment of job satisfaction can be found in existing literature.
INTERNALIZING ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES IN CEMENT INDUSTRY: CASE STUDY FOR THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND SELECTED NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES
Authors: Radukić Snežana , Perović Dušan
Published: February 2019

The paper provided detail analysis and calculations of external costs in cement industry of the Republic of Serbia and neighboring countries for period of 2010-2016. Internalization of externalities represents huge challenge for every policy makers in environmental area that have obligation to calculate the impact of economy on the environment. In fact, many parts of economy have far greater impact on environment than it can be expected and that is one of the reasons for including external costs in total costs of companies. Cement industry is among industries that emit pollutant particles in the air and cause serious environmental problems to local communities. The principal idea of paper is to evaluate external costs of cement production plants in Republic of Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, so in the end rightful solutions can be provided in order to neutralize or minimize environmental impact of cement factories. For this kind of analysis, EcoSense LE (Light Edition) software is used.  Analysis of external costs in cement industry will help in expansion of knowledge about internalizing environmental externalities in analyzed countries, where lack of similar studies does not help in solving the problem of environmental externalities in these countries. Key words: environmental externalities, the Republic of Serbia, cement industry, sustainable development, internalization of externalities, external costs.
THE DEVELOPMENT EFFECTS OF THE MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY IN CONTEMPORARY CONDITIONS
Authors: Milošević Danijel , Marjanović Vladislav
Published: February 2019

One of the biggest problems in economic theory has always been coordination of different elements of economic policy, especially monetary and fiscal policy. In the past, there have been a few theories emphasizing one of them, but in contemporary conditions it is a fact that the only right answer is in coordinated conducting of all of them. Therefore, every measure in monetary policy has to be followed by particular action in fiscal policy and the other way around. The question remains whether fiscal or monetary policy should have the priority in decision making and is there a pattern to follow when it comes to creating economic policy. Empirical data are the most purposeful source for answering these questions, and therefore we will use variables from four different countries from the last fifteen years and try to find the connection between monetary and fiscal policy and the standard of living.
THE REFLECTIONS OF PRE-SERVICE EFL TEACHERS ON OVERCOMING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING ANXIETY (FLTA) DURING TEACHING PRACTICUM
Authors: Tüfekçi Can Dilek
Published: February 2019

Whereas research on English as a Foreign Language Learning (EFLL) anxiety has been the focus of many researchers, English as a Foreign Language Teaching (EFLT) anxiety as a newly pop-up concept has gained lesser attention than EFLL. Moreover, the research on EFLL commonly focuses on the anxiety provoking factors. Yet again, there has been very limited research on how to overcome anxiety-provoking factors on both research areas. Accordingly, as this study was two of the three segments of a university-based project and the subject of anxiety-provoking factors was the issue of another study, the purpose of this study was firstly to explore how to overcome anxiety-provoking factors among pre-service EFL teachers while teaching English to young language learners at a real classroom setting as a part of teaching practicum. Secondly, this study also attempted to make a holistic classification rather than an atomistic one as it classified the findings of overcoming anxiety provoking factors into subtitles such as cognitive, affective, socio-cultural resolutions and some other official resolutions. In the study, 25 EFL pre-service teachers at Balikesir University were the sample group. The qualitative data was collected through background questionnaires, interviews and reflections. The study concluded that pre-service EFL teachers revealed their reflections on how to overcome anxiety-provoking factors as they experienced Foreign Language Teaching Anxiety (FLTA) whilst practicing teaching English to young language learners during teaching practicum courses. Some practical recommendations were given at the end of the study.
IMPLEMENTING EMI AT A RUSSIAN UNIVERSITY: A STUDY OF CONTENT LECTURERS’ PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Belyaeva Elena , Kuznetsova Lyudmila
Published: February 2019

The process of internationalization in the sphere of higher education has been gaining momentum on the global scale since the 1990s, with English becoming its major communication tool. English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in universities has received a fair amount of researchers’ attention. However, academic press contains little information on research into EMI in Russia. The aim of this case study was to investigate practices of a Russian university regarding the use of English in teaching specialist disciplines and to explore its EMI lecturers’ needs and challenges against the backdrop of the process of internationalization in Russian higher education. The research method applied was a self-administered web-questionnaire; the target group included 72 members of the University faculty who teach their courses through English. The article presents the university’s policy on EMI analysis and discussion of one of the key stakeholders’- university lecturers’ characteristics and perspectives. The findings reflect the existence of challenges which institutions and staff face in the drive to internationalize, which are similar to those observed in some other countries. Tentative suggestions are offered to ways of addressing the situation and to further investigations of the EMI phenomenon in Russia.
ESP TEACHING STRATEGIES OF UKRAINIAN BORDER GUARDS TRAINING ON THE EXPERINCE OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors: Komarnytska Oksana Ivanivna , Balendr Andrii Vasyliiovych , Bloshchynskyi Ihor Hryhorovych
Published: February 2019

The study identifies the ESP teaching strategies of the personnel of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (SBGSU) training in the framework of European language standards. According to the results of the needs analysis, the Ukrainian border guards require improving their professional foreign language competence based on the European educational standards and best practices. The main attention is paid to developing listening and speaking skills of border guards. The methodology of the course is aimed at forming the border guards’ foreign-language professional competency, which will facilitate their effective service in the state border protection units. The course program provides border guards with the opportunity to develop the language competence and strategies they need to effectively engage in situations of professional communication that they can have at the border, both while conducting border surveillance activities and border checks.
STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCE OF LEARNING ESP: FINDINGS FROM A CASE STUDY IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Burkšaitienė Nijolė , Šliogerienė Jolita
Published: February 2019

This study explores undergraduate students’ experience of learning English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and aims to reveal their views regarding university teachers’ and peers’ feedback provided to them during the course of ESP as well as to establish the students’ views regarding their own learning ESP. The present article reports on the results of a case study from a Lithuanian university. The data were collected from feedback questionnaires of 111 students in 11 study programmes. To analyse the data, quantitative methodology was used. The main conclusion of the present study is that most study participants viewed their own learning ESP at the university as a positive experience, i.e. the students were satisfied with their engagement in learning this study subject and considered that learning was aligned with teaching and assessment. The results of the study also demonstrated that the study participants considered that collaboration and team work fostered meaningful learning, as well as that peer feedback helped them to understand how to improve in learning ESP. It was established that students valued their teachers’ patience and personal engagement and that the teachers’ feedback improved the ways of learning ESP, encouraged them to think and analyse the content of the study material, and helped them to clarify things they did not understand learning on their own.
Comprensión lectora en alumnos de secundaria. Intervención por niveles funcionales
Authors: Cárdenas Espinoza Karlena , Guevara Benítez Yolanda
Published: February 2019

Se llevó a cabo un estudio para evaluar los efectos de dos estrategias de intervención dirigidas a promover comprensión lectora, en distintos niveles de complejidad funcional, con alumnos de primer grado de una escuela secundaria pública de la Ciudad de México. Participaron 90 estudiantes —53% de sexo femenino y 47% de sexo masculino—, con edades entre 12 y 14 años, y una media de edad de 12 años 9 meses, inscritos en tres grupos escolares del turno matutino. Estos tres grupos fueron asignados aleatoriamente, uno como grupo control y los otros dos como experimentales, que recibieron el mismo entrenamiento, variando los materiales de lectura utilizados ‑correspondientes a temas literarios o temas de ciencias naturales‑. En ambos grupos experimentales se midieron los efectos de la intervención con pruebas de evaluación sobre comprensión lectora de temas literarios y de ciencias naturales, utilizando un diseño con pre test y post test. Los resultados indican que ambos grupos experimentales alcanzaron altos niveles de comprensión lectora, sin diferencias entre ellos. Sí se encontraron diferencias con respecto al grupo control, por lo que se concluye que la intervención fue adecuada para promover la comprensión lectora y para lograr la transferencia de las habilidades desarrolladas, hacia otros temas no entrenados.
Validation method for determining sodium benzoate in fruit juice drinks in Malang
Authors: Astuti Engrid Juni , Ilham Roha Fakhri Naufal , Rahman Januar
Published: February 2019

Sodium benzoate is a preservative that is permitted to be used in food and beverages. The maximum limit for using sodium benzoate in food is 600 mg/L of ingredients calculated as benzoic acid. In this study, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method using a PDA detector was used for sodium benzoate levels analysis in fruit juice drink circulating in Malang. The mobile phase composition used in this study was methanol pro-HPLC:aqua pro injection (70:30) and added glacial acetic acid to reach pH 3. The analysis was conducted at a wavelength of 245 nm, and the flow rate was set at 1.00 mL/minute. This method was validated against the parameters of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision, and the results obtained to meet the validation requirements. The application of the HPLC method after being validated in the determination of sodium benzoate levels in fruit juice drink circulating in Malang resulted in selectivity Rs ≥ 1.5, linearity obtained in the range 0.1-5 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) = 0,9999, recovery at a concentration of 80%, 100%, and 120% was 105.31%, and precision with an RSD value of 1.40%. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the validation method of analysis shows that the method can be used to determine sodium benzoate level using HPLC with PDA detectors for routine use in fruit juice drink samples.
PROFIL PENGGUNAAN OBAT PADA PASIEN GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME (GBS)
Authors: Choirunnisa' Amalia , Hasmono Didik , Rachmawati Hidajah , Pratama Jainuri Erik
Published: February 2019

Latar Belakang : Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) atau Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Syndrome (AIDP) merupakan suatu penyakit autoimun pada susunan sistem saraf yang terjadi secara akut dan menyeluruh terutama mengenai radiks dan saraf tepi yang biasanya didahului oleh suatu infeksi saluran pencernaan dan infeksi saluran pernafasan atas. Penggunaan obat pada pasien GBS dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu sebagai terapi spesifik/ kausatif berupa imunoterapi (IVIG, PE, dan Kortikosteroid) dan sebagai terapi suportif (simptomatiskomplikatif), simptomatis yaitu analgesik dan  neurotropik sedangkan komplikatif yaitu antibiotik dan golongan lainnya. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui profil penggunaan obat pada pasien Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) di Instalansi Rawat Inap di RSUD. Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang.Metode : Penelitian ini bersifat Observasional dengan pengambilan sampel sekunder dan studi retrospektif pada pasien Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) pada periode 1 Januari 2016-31 Desember 2016.Hasil & Kesimpulan : Profil penggunaan obat pada pasien GBS paling banya
FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PASIEN HIPERTENSI DALAM PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI DENGAN PENDEKATAN TEORI HEALTH BELIEF MODEL DI PUSKESMAS PANDANWANGI MALANG
Authors: Hidayati Ika Ratna , Aprilianti Cikita Putri Taji
Published: February 2019

Hypertension is a condition where systolic blood pressure is 140 mmHg or higher and diastolic blood pressure is 90 mmHg or higher. Generally,  hipertensive patients uses captopril and Amlodipin as treatment of hypertension. It is necessary to take various efforts in improving the obedience of hypertensive patients during the drug therapy. One theory studies the obedience behavior is Health Belief Model. The HBM theory covers; perceived suscpetibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barrier and self efficacy. To investigate factors effecting the obediance of hypertensive patients during the antihypertensive captopril & amlodipin medications treatment in the Local Public Health Center of Pandanwangi, Malang District using the approach of health belief model theory. This research employed MMAS-8 and HBM instrument. Sampling was done through purposive and accidental sampling method. The data analysis was done through multivariant analysis which used multiple regression to determine the effecting factors based on the HBM theory on the obedience of hypertensive patients during the antihypertensive captopril&amlodipin medications therapy.  This research employed MMAS-8 and HBM instrument. Sampling was done through purposive and accidental sampling method. The data analysis was done through multivariant analysis which used multiple regression to determine the effecting factors based on the HBM theory on the obedience of hypertensive patients during the antihypertensive medications therapy. Factors of HBM Theory that affect the obedience of hypertensive patiens are; self efficacy, perceived severity, and perceived barrier. Whereas, the unaffected factor are perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits. Overall, factors of HBM theory affect the obedience. Keywords: Health belief model, obedience, captopri, amlodipin.