bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A GESTÃO DA INFRAESTRUTURA FÍSICA COMO SUBSÍDIO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS AÇÕES ACADÊMICAS DENTRO DA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA MULTICAMPI.
Authors: SILVA KAROLINY DE ANGELLIS MENDES , MATOS CAROLINE TOURINHO , PIMENTA LIDIA BOAVENTURA
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho aborda a relação entre a gestão da infraestrutura física e a implementação de Projeto Pedagógico de Curso (PPC) na instituição universitária, buscando enfatizar, no contexto do planejamento e da lei do Sinaes, a importância dessa relação para gestão de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES). Nesta linha, estabeleceu-se como objetivo do presente trabalho a discussão da relação entre a gestão da infraestrutura física e a implementação de PPC na Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB). Empregou-se como percurso metodológico a natureza descritiva, apoiado na abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se da instrumentalização das pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados qualitativos demonstraram, a partir da análise do PPC do curso de Agroecologia - Campus XII- UNEB, na cidade de Guanambi/Ba, que o detalhamento da infraestrutura física constante no referido projeto, subsidia as respostas de maneira eficaz e atende às exigências impostas pelos instrumentos de avaliação de cursos de graduação contidas na lei do Sinaes. E demonstrou também que o processo de gestão da infraestrutura e sua relação com a implantação do PPC, revela-se um elo imprescindível para a equipe gestora, já que mobiliza a comunidade universitária em torno da questão pedagógica, e a sua desconexão, certamente, resultará em ambientes desordenados e improvisados no que tange a infraestrutura física, sem a qualidade almejada, com custos elevados e em dissonância com os pilares de ensino, pesquisa e extensão.
ESCOLA E DESIGUALDADE SOCIAL: CONSIDERAÇÕES E APONTAMENTOS TEÓRICOS
Authors: FARIAS FRANCISCA BRUNA PEREIRA
Published: December 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir como a relação escola e desigualdades sociais tem sido percebida e considerada nos estudos e teorias que se dedicam a compreender esses fenômenos. Para isso, foi desenvolvido uma revisão teórico/bibliográfica de textos, artigos, livros, teses e dissertações, já públicos, que discutem essa questão. A desigualdade social é um fato presente na estrutura e organização social do Brasil, que envolve aspectos econômicos, sociais, políticos e raciais. Afetando de forma direta e indireta os modos de vida dos sujeitos, estando presente nas diversas organizações e instituições do país, inclusive nos estabelecimentos de ensino. Que por sua vez, é colocada como um espaço potente de transformação social e superação das desigualdades sociais e da pobreza. Nesse cenário, a educação, desde a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, é considerada uma política prioritária e fundamental para o processo de desenvolvimento do país e para melhoria das vulnerabilidades sociais. Apesar desta inegável importância, alguns dados e estudos apontam, que nem sempre a escola consegue cumprir de modo eficaz esse papel, tornando-se, muitas vezes, mais uma das instituições reprodutoras das desigualdades existentes. Desse modo, este estudo traz apontamentos teóricos e considerações importantes para se pensar tais questões.
AS PROVAS DE HABILIDADES ESPECÍFICAS E O SISTEMA DE SELEÇÃO UNIFICADA (SISU): IMPACTOS DA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA NO ACESSO AO ENSINO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL
Authors: PAULA FREDERICO BRAIDA RODRIGUES DE
Published: December 2022

Este artigo aborda o tema das provas (ou testes) de habilidades específicas (PHE), as quais eram recorrentemente aplicadas para candidatos aos cursos que exigiam determinadas aptidões físicas ou habilidades artísticas, tais como Artes Visuais, Cinema, Teatro, Dança, Música, Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Design e Educação Física. Com a implantação do Sistema de Seleção Unificada (SiSU), essas provas foram proibidas, uma vez que não podem ser oferecidas vagas em cursos que exijam esse tipo de prova. Em decorrência dessa proibição, especialmente durante a pandemia de Covid-19, os cursos abriram mão da aplicação dessas provas para ingressarem no SiSU. Portanto, este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa que partiu da seguinte questão: quais são as consequências da eliminação das provas de habilidades específicas para o acesso ao ensino superior e para a formação de profissionais nessas áreas do conhecimento? O principal objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma discussão sobre os impactos do SiSU, entendido como uma política pública de inclusão e democratização do acesso ao ensino superior, apontando fragilidades e potencialidades que emergiram da eliminação das provas de habilidades específicas nos processos seletivos. Metodologicamente, este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório. Trata-se de uma pesquisa tanto bibliográfica quanto documental. Para além da revisão de literatura, buscou-se, nos documentos oficiais e em sites informativos, noticiosos e institucionais, compreender os discursos que apontam os prós e os contras da suspensão dessas provas. Ao final, pode-se perceber que, se por um lado, acredita-se que a eliminação das provas de habilidades específicas pode garantir maior democratização no ingresso ao ensino superior, por outro, abre-se uma reflexão sobre a importância do desenvolvimento das diversas habilidades específicas durante a educação básica e evidencia-se a necessidade urgente de um debate mais amplo sobre a aplicação desse tipo de prova.
ON THE FINDING OF THE RARE SPECIES OVALONA KARELICA (STENROOS, 1897) (BRANCHIOPODA: ANOMOPODA: CHYDORIDAE) IN THE FLOOD-PLAIN LAKES OF THE KHOPER NATURE RESERVE
Authors: Fedyaeva L. , Fedyaev R.
Published: December 2022

Ovalona karelica (Stenroose, 1897) was first discovered for the invertebrate fauna of the Voronezh region south of the main habitat. It is a rare benthic species of sladocerans crustaceans (Crustacea, Cladocera). The species was encountered among macrophytes in thickets Typha angustifolia (L.) and Potamogeton lucens (L.) in two floodplain lakes of the Khopersky Nature Reserve in summer. The explored small lakes, where the species was found, are distinguished by the peculiarity of the floodplain regime; they are flooded from the main river in medium and high water years and remain connected to each other for some time. Lake Bolshoe Podpesochnoe has an area of 2.7 hectares and a maximum depth of up to 6 m. It is characterized by a low degree of overgrowing – 25%, the distance to the river Khoper is 1.1 km, last flooding was noted in 2018. The area of the lake Maloe Podpesochnoe is 1.9 ha, the maximum depth is up to 5 m, the degree of overgrowth is 35–40%, the distance to the river is 0.9 km, the last flood was in 2018. The size of the individuals encountered was from 380 to 420 microns, the abundance varied from 90 to 550 ind./m3, the share in the total number of planktonic invertebrates was from 0.1 to 0.32%. The discovery of Ovalona karelica is associated with the specificity of its habitat conditions and small number, and this also indicates a poor study of the fauna of phytophilic and benthic invertebrates in small floodplain water bodies.
DOS FOLHETOS DE CORDEL A OUTRAS ARTES: O IMAGINÁRIO ÉPICO E DRAMÁTICO DE LAMPIÃO
Authors: Santos Givan
Published: December 2022

Entre o mundo ficcional das artes e as “verdades históricas” da ciência, os folhetos de cordel, o cinema, a dança e o teatro apresentam o cangaceiro Lampião oscilando entre o gênero épico e a estrutura dramática, contrariando as representações estáticas deste cangaceiro, comumente classificado como herói ou bandido. Assim, entre a prosa e a poesia; o imaginário e a história; a arte e a ciência, um problema se enuncia: qual o lugar das produções artísticas na construção do imaginário do cangaço? em específico, que lugar têm os folhetos de cordel, o cinema, a dança e o teatro nesta construção? Desta forma, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar este lugar poético e histórico dos folhetos de cordel e outras artes na construção do imaginário do cangaço. Na estruturação da análise exigiu-se um corpus ilustrativo, não como amostra estatística, referente a folhetos de cordel, filmes, peças teatrais e danças, produzidos na primeira fase do imaginário do cangaço (entre final do século XIX a meados de 1930), na segunda fase (entre os meados dos anos 1930 e final dos anos 1960) e na terceira fase (entre os anos 1970 e a atualidade), tendo o cangaceiro Lampião como personagem principal.
THE NORTH-SAMOYEDIC EPIC (SIBERIAN ARCTIC). HOW CAN A NEWLY AFFLUENT SOCIETY SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF ALLIANCE?
Authors: Lambert Jean-Luc
Published: December 2022

The north-samoyed epic describes an affluent pastoral society. The main problem of this imagined society is its perpetuation because the men have no need of material goods and therefore refuse to give their daughters for reindeers or furs. So, murderous conflicts systematically appear. A solution gradually emerges with an avenger son who reinvents a very simple shape of alliance: the direct exchange which avoids the problem of the "price of the woman." These epics are closely associated with the fast development of reindeer husbrandy in North Samoyed groups and imagine what would be a pastoral society having pushed to its limit a logic of accumulation.
CANGAÇO: MEMÓRIA, HISTÓRIA, ARTE OU ESTRATÉGIA DE DOMINAÇÃO?
Authors: Barros Luitgarde
Published: December 2022

Este artigo trata do cangaço e da literatura de cordel, duas categorias de fenômenos sociais e literários típicos do Nordeste brasileiro. O cangaço, máxima expressão da violência requer, para sua compreensão, análises de Ciência Política, diferentes concepções de História e Memória, além de pesquisas de campo, documentais e análises da imprensa do período de sua existência. Os estudos da literatura de cordel ou literatura popular, requerem consulta a bibliotecas de centenas de obras de cordelistas, predominantemente louvando ou criticando aquele tipo de violência. Em diferentes momentos, a literatura de cordel expressa o que Ivan Cavalcanti Proença denomina “A Ideologia do Cordel”. Estuda-se, para seu entendimento o conceito de Folk-Comunicação, único conceito de Teoria da Comunicação elaborado no Brasil, pelo intelectual nordestino, Luíz Beltrão.
İSMAİL GASPIRALI’NIN ALP KADIN TİPİ: ARSLAN KIZ
Authors: ÖZKAYA Yılmaz
Published: December 2022

Eski Türk destan ve hikâyeleri modern edebiyatın birçok edebî eserine gerek konu gerek tema gerekse tip bağlamında kaynaklık etmiştir. Türk boylarının dağıldığı coğrafyada göçebe yaşam tarzları, çevresindekilerle veya tabiatla mücadeleleri noktasında alp tipini gerekli kılan unsurların başında gelir. Bu yaşam biçiminde mücadele eden erkeklerin yanında kadınların da kahramanlıkları destan ve hikayelere konu olmuştur.

Birçok edebî eserde halk edebiyatı ürünlerinden ilham almayan veya yararlanmayan, Rusya Türklerinin 19. yy.daki en önemli düşünürlerinden biri olan İsmail Gaspıralı, Arslan Kız adlı modern hikâyesinde gerek eserin dilinde kullandığı epik anlatımıyla gerekse yarattığı alp kadın tipiyle eski Türk kültürünü çağdaş bir süzgeçten geçirerek modern edebiyata yansıtmıştır. Onun alp kadın tipi olan Arslan Kız (Gülcemal); vatan ve istiklal sevgisiyle büyümüş, eğitimli, bilgili ve gerektiğinde vatan söz konusu olduğunda erkeklerden daha fazla cesur, idealize edilmiş bir tiptir. Onun edebî eserlerinde idealize edilmiş iki önemli kadın tipini görmekteyiz. Biri olması gereken Türk-İslâm kadın tipini yarattığı Darürrahat Müslümanlarındaki Feride Banu ve epik unsurlarla donattığı ama aynı zamanda modernize ettiği alp kadın tipi olan Gülcemal’dir.

Bu makalede Rusya Müslümanlarının ilk hikâyelerinden biri olan Arslan Kız’ın epik Türk destanlarından modern zamanın hikâyesine uzanan idealize edilmiş alp kadının tipinin tahlili yapılacak ve Gaspıralı’nın kadınlara bakışı değerlendirilecektir.
BAŞKURT DESTANLARINDA OLAĞANÜSTÜ TİPLER
Authors: YILDIRIM Seyfullah , BEZGİN Yusuf Kenan
Published: December 2022

Gök kubbe altında oluşmuş destanlar, sadece içinde yaşadıkları toplumların geçmişlerini yansıtan ayna değil; aynı zamanda geçmiş ile gelecek arasında kurulmuş olan bir kültür basamağıdır. Bu yönü ile destanlar bünyelerinde, anlatıldıkları her dönemin kendine has özellikleri barındırır. Doğrudan tarihi birer belge değildirler ancak destanların tarihe kaynaklık etme gibi özellikleri vardır. Böylece ait olduğu toplumun hayat felsefesine, gelenek ve göreneklerine tanıklık ederek geçmiş ile gelecek arasında kurulmuş olan kültür basamağı üzerindeki yerlerini alırlar.

Destanlar aracılığıyla toplum içerisinde meydana gelen birtakım olayların oluşum ve gelişim sürecinin takibini, destan kahramanlarının üzerinden yapabiliriz zira kahramana ait iyi veya kötü tüm özellikler, destanın içinde yaşadığı halk tarafından verilir. Bu noktada halkın inandığı temel kıymetleri, tip temsil eder. Başkurtların sözlü edebiyat ürünlerinden biri olan destanların kahramanları ise genellikle tip konumundadırlar ve bu tipler, motif ile birlikte hareket ederler. Başkurt destanlarında yer alan tiplerden yola çıkarak onların dünya görüşü, tarihi ve kültürel dokusu hakkında çıkarım yapmak mümkündür. Zengin bir konu ve motif içeriğine sahip olmasından dolayı bu çıkarım, Ural Batır, Akbozat ve Zayatülek ile Hıvhılıv destanlarından yapılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Çuvaş Masallarında Kişi Adları
Authors: KIRAN Albina
Published: December 2022

Türk dünyasında Ortodoks Hristiyanlar olan iki topluluktan biri Çuvaş Türkleridir. Çuvaş Türklerinin zengin bir halk edebiyatı vardır. Yazılı edebiyatları da bu zengin halk edebiyatı üzerine kurulmuştur. Halk edebiyatı türlerinin içinde masal türünün de zengin olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Tarih öncesi çağlardan itibaren Çuvaş kültürünün izleri, masallarda saklıdır. Çuvaş masallarının derlenerek yazıya geçirilmesine 19. yüzyılın ortasında başlanmıştır. Derlenen malzemeyi ilk olarak Macar asıllı Antal Reguli ve Çuvaş asıllı Mihaylov kayda geçirmiştir. Reguli, Çuvaşların içinde bulunmuş ve Амаçури [Üvey Anne] ile Вилме каян пуйса килнĕ, тет [Ölmeye Giden Zengin Olup Dönmüş] adlı iki masalı kayda geçirmiştir. Çuvaş masallarında derlenmeye başlanıldıktan itibaren günümüze kadar incelenen ve incelenmeye devam edilen Çuvaş masalları, Çuvaş ve yabancı araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmiş ve çekmektedir. Masallar çocuklara iyiyi ve kötüyü ayırmayı öğretmenin yanı sıra yazıldığı ve yaşatıldığı dilin gelişmesine, korunmasına ve eğitim ile sosyal hayatın, kültürün korunmasına, bu kültürün nesilden nesile aktarılmasına hizmet etmektedir. Çuvaş Türklerinin tarihine göz attığımızda onların Gök Tanrı inancı, Müslümanlık ve 1552’den günümüze kadar da Hristiyanlık inançlarıyla kesiştikleri bilinmektedir. Bu tarihî sürecin Çuvaş masallarında izleri görüldüğü gibi kahramanların adları da tarihî sürece ışık tutmaktadır. Çalışmamızda ilk önce Çuvaş masalları hakkında kısa bilgi verilecek ve masallardaki kişi adları tespit edilerek tanıtılacak ve olumlu / olumsuz kahraman olarak sınıflandırılacaktır. Rus, Tatar ve Çuvaş’ın etkisinde Çuvaş kişi adlarının uğradığı değişim sürecinde masaldaki kişi adları değerlendirilecektir. Çalışmamızda, araştırmaya esas teşkil eden masal metinleri olarak Чăваш Халăх Сăмахлăхĕ (Yumahsem) I [Çuvaş Halk Edebiyatı Masallar I.] (1973) ve Чăваш Халăх Сăмахлăхĕ (Yumahsem) II. [Çuvaş Halk Edebiyatı Masallar II.] (1973) adlı eserin içinde bulunan toplam üç yüz bir masal esas alınmıştır.
ZEYNEB BİYİŞEVA'NIN ÖYKÜLERİNDE ÇOCUKLARA BAKIŞ YAHUT ÇOCUK İMGESİ
Authors: DEMİR Gülüzar
Published: December 2022

Zeyneb Biyişeva, XX. yüzyıl Başkurt edebiyatında önemli bir yere sahip olan toplumcu gerçekçi yazarlardan biridir. Edebiyatın çeşitli türlerinde eserler veren sanatçının edebî yönü hayli kuvvetlidir, ayrıca eserlerinin alt metinlerinde dikkate değer bir didaktik çabanın belirginleştiği görülür. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın esas dayanağı Zeyneb Biyişeva’nın “Başaḳ (Başak), Ḳoyaş Nime Tině? (Güneş Ne Dedi?), Yarẕamsı (Yardımcı) ve Yeşěl Yügen (Yeşil Yular)" adlı öyküleri olmuştur. Bu öykülerdeki başat temalar; çocuk eğitimi, çalışkanlık, birlik ve beraberliktir. Öykülerde kahramanların genelde çocuk olduğu ve bu çocuk kahramanların verilen görevleri başarıyla yerine getirdiği rahatlıkla görülebilmektedir. Öykülerdeki çocuk kahramanlar ile yazar arasında bir paralellik olduğu söylenebilir. Yazarın içerisinde bulunduğu toplumun sosyal ve siyasi şartlarına çocukluğundan beri tanık olması onun edebî kişiliğinin oluşmasında önemli bir etken olmuştur. Bu makalede yukarıda değinilen hususları bir araya getirip öykülerin alt metinlerinde nelere dikkat çekilmek istendiği açıklanmıştır. Yöntemsel açıdan sosyolojik eleştiri ve biyografik eleştiriden yararlanılmıştır. Çünkü yazarın hayatında yer alan olaylar, içinde yaşadığı koşullar, aile ortamı, okuduğu kitaplar yazarın kişiliğinin ve dolayısıyla eserlerinin iyi anlaşılması için gerekli bilgiler sayılmaktadır. Öykülerde geçen kahramanların adeta Biyişeva’nın öğretmenlik mesleğinin bir semeresi olarak bilinçli ve çalışkan neslin onun kurgu dünyasında hayat bulduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Sanatçının istediği ideal toplumun bireylerini temsil etmeleri yönüyle Biyişeva’nın öykülerinin son derece önemli ve değerli edebî yapıtlar olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
The Health-Related Quality of Life of Junior Doctors
Authors: Tong Shao Chuen , Tin Aung Soe , Tan Darren MH , Lim Jeremy FY
Published: December 2022

Introduction: It is reported that junior doctors experience a large amount of work-related stress and fatigue which has detrimental effects on their well-being and patient safety. We seek to determine the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) of junior doctors using the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and compare their HR-QoL with that of populations of norms and senior doctors. Materials and Methods: The SF-36v2 (Singapore version) was self-administered to a convenience sample of 213 doctors from a large tertiary teaching hospital. Junior doctors were defined as those less than 30 years of age (48%). Adjusted normative values were derived from the SF-36 Norms for the Singapore General Population Calculator for all 8 scales. The mean score differences between junior doctors and their adjusted normative values as well as that for senior doctors were computed and contrasted. Results: One hundred and eighty-five doctors fully responded. Their mean age was 33.6 years (SD 8.1). Also, 45% were female and 88% were Chinese. Junior doctors had lower scores than senior doctors in all scales except Physical Functioning. After adjustment for gender and race, junior doctors had statistically significant lower Mental Health scores than senior doctors (P = 0.01). Compared with the normative population, junior doctors scored lower in all domains except for Physical Functioning. For Vitality, the difference is – 14.9. Conclusion: Junior doctors have poorer mental health scores compared to senior doctors. Also, the lower vitality scores suggest that junior doctors are more likely to be fatigued than their normative population. More studies and efforts will be needed to identify factors that affect the quality of life in junior doctors and to evaluate the most appropriate measures to improve the efficiency of their work. Key words: Mental health, Quality of life, Young doctors
Early Outcome Following Emergency Gastrectomy
Authors: Tan Ker Kan , Quek Terence JL , Wong Ningyan , Li Kelvin KW , Lim Khong Hee
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Emergency gastrectomy has been shown to be associated with poor morbidity and mortality rates. The aims of this study were to review the outcomes of emergency gastrectomy in our institution and to determine any factors that were associated with worse perioperative outcomes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent emergency gastrectomy for various indications from October 2003 to April 2009 was performed. All the complications were graded according to the classification proposed by Clavien and group. Results: Eighty-five patients, median age 70 (range, 27 to 90 years), underwent emergency gastrectomy. The indications for the surgery included perforation, bleeding and obstruction in 45 (52.9%), 32 (37.6%) and 8 (9.4%) patients, respectively. The majority of the patients (n = 46, 54.1%) had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of 3. Partial or subtotal, and total gastrectomy were performed in 75 (88.2%) and 10 (11.8%) patients, respectively. Malignancy was the underlying pathology in 33 (38.8%) patients. The perioperative mortality rate was 21.2% (n = 18) with another 27 (31.8%) patients having severe complications. Twelve (14.1%) patients had a duodenal stump leak. The independent factors predicting worse perioperative complications included high ASA score and in perforation cases. Other factors such as malignancy, age and extent of surgery were not significantly related. The presence of a duodenal stump leak was the only independent factor predicting mortality. Conclusion: Emergency gastrectomy is associated with dismal morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with high ASA scores and perforations fared worse, and duodenal stump leak increases the risk of mortality.

Key words: Emergency, Gastrectomy, Surgery, Treatment outcome
Clinical Evaluation of an In-House Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Genotyping Assay for the Detection of Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Patients in Singapore
Authors: Chew Kuan Kiat , Ng Kah Ying , Khong Wei Xin , Kaur Palvinder , Yap Joe Kwan , Chua Arlene , Tan Mei Ting , Koh Yin Ling , Thoon Koh Cheng , Leo Yee Sin , Ng Oon Tek
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotyping resistance test (GRT) is essential for monitoring HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs). High cost and HIV-1 genetic variability are challenges to assay availability in Singapore. An in-house Sanger sequencing-based GRT method was developed at the Communicable Disease Centre (CDC), Singapore’s HIV national treatment reference centre for both subtype B and non-subtype B HIV-1. Materials and Methods: The in-house GRT sequenced the first 99 codons of protease (PR) and 244 codons of reverse transcriptase (RT) in the pol gene. The results were compared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ViroSeqTM HIV-1 Genotyping System. Results: Subtype assignment for the 46 samples were as follows: 31 (67.4%) CRF01_AE, 14 (30.5%) subtype B and 1 (2.1%) subtype C. All 46 samples had viral load of ≥500 copies/mL, and were successfully amplified by the in-house primer sets. Compared to the ViroSeqTM test, our in-house assay showed drug-resistance conferring codon concordance of 99.9% at PR and 98.9% at RT, and partial concordance of 0.1% at PR and 1.1% at RT. No discordant result was observed. Conclusion: The assay successfully identifi ed DRMs in both subtype AE and B, making it suitable for the efficient treatment monitoring in genetically diverse population. At less than half of the running cost compared to the ViroSeqTM assay, the broadly sensitive in-house assay could serve as a useful addition to the currently limited HIV genotyping assay options for resource-limited settings, thereby enhancing the DRM surveillance and monitoring in the region.

Key words: Drug resistance mutations, Genotypic resistance test, HIV-1
Causes of Death and Factors Associated with Early Death Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Persons in Singapore: Pre-Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and Peri-HAART
Authors: Chow Angela , Tey Jeannie , Win Mar Kyaw , Leo Yee Sin
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly changed the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mortality. The aim of this study is to compare the causes of death and factors associated with early death in HIV-infected persons in the pre- and peri-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) periods. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 483 HIV-infected persons who were diagnosed with HIV from 1985 to 2000, and had died within 5 years of the diagnosis. We examined the temporal change in the primary causes of death between those who were diagnosed in the pre-HAART (1985 to 1995) and peri-HAART (1996 to 2000) periods, and compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of the 2 groups. Results: During the peri-HAART period, HIV encephalopathy, cryptococcal meningitis, and lymphoma were no longer the leading causes of death. Opportunistic infections remained important causes of death. Early deaths from the peri-HAART period were older (60 years and above) at diagnosis (Adj OR 7.50; 95% CI, 1.78 to 31.58), more likely to be divorced (Adj OR 5.05, 95% CI, 1.96 to 13.02) and tended to have a low baseline CD4 cell count of <50 cells/uL (Adj OR 2.18, 95% CI, 1.14 to 4.16) , and were more likely to have received HAART (Adj OR 5.19; 95% CI, 2.22 to 12.12) than early deaths from the pre-HAART period. Conclusion: In the peri-HAART era, HIV-infected persons who died within 5 years of diagnosis were those who were older (≥60 years), divorced, or who presented with very late-stage disease (CD4 <50) at diagnosis. More targeted public health interventions, such as targeted public health messages and outreach to increase access to HIV testing and treatment should be developed for these subpopulations. Key words: Early mortality, Highly active antiretroviral therapy, Human immunodeficiency virus, Singapore
National Health Survey on the Prevalence of Urinary Abnormalities in the Population: then and now (1975 to 2012)
Authors: Woo Keng Thye , Chan Choong Meng , Wong Kok Seng , Choong Hui Lin , Tan Han Khim , Foo Marjorie WY , Anantharaman Vathsala , Lee Evan JC , Tan Chorh Chuan , Lee Grace SL , Yap Hui Kim , Tan Hwee Boon , Chin Yok-Mooi , Lim Cheng Hong
Published: December 2022

Introduction: This paper presents the results of a community survey on urinary abnormalities which covered 1/80th of the population of Singapore in 1975. These findings were compared with the data from the Singapore National Service Registrants in 1974 as well as data from a recent survey in Singapore and that of other Asian and Western countries. Materials and Methods: The study covered 18,000 persons aged 15 years and above, representing a sampling fraction of 1/80th of the population. A total of 16,808 respondents attended the fi eld examination centres, of whom 16,497 had their urine sample tested representing 92.7% of the sample population. Results: In the dipstick urine testing at the fi eld examination centres, 769 subjects (4.6%) were found to have urinary abnormalities. Two hundred and eighty-two (36.7%) of these 769 subjects were found to have urinary abnormalities based on urine microscopy constituting a prevalence of 1.71%. The prevalence of proteinuria was 0.63% and for both haematuria and proteinuria was 0.73%. The prevalence for hypertension was 0.43% and renal insufficiency was 0.1%. Discussion: The consensus is that routine screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population is not cost effective as the yield is too low. Whilst, most studies showed that screening of the general population was not cost effective, it has been suggested that screening for targeted groups of subjects could help to identify certain risk groups who may benefit from early intervention to prevent or retard the progression of CKD. Conclusion: The prevalence of urinary abnormalities in Singapore has remained the same, now and three decades ago. Key words: Chronic kidney disease, Proteinuria, Screening
Demographic Determinants of Survival in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Nathan Saminathan S , Healey John H
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Osteosarcoma treatment has experienced a renaissance in the last 3 decades with the institution of multimodality treatment involving multiagent chemotherapy and surgery. Yet globally, treatment success has stagnated at about 70% survival at 5 years in most single institution series. We performed survival analyses on 2 national databases in 2 countries and compared these with corresponding institution specific survival. Materials and Methods: All patients with the diagnostic code of non-metastatic intramedullary osteosarcoma in the long bones of the upper and lower limbs less than 30 years of age were selected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database to ensure uniformity with respect to disease and treatment. We studied the factors: ethnicity, gender, age, grade, histology, size, site, surgery, compartmentalisation, number of primaries and venue of treatment for their contribution to survival. In addition, the data were stratified into 3 decades (seventies, eighties and nineties) to account for variations due to the evolution of treatment paradigms and imaging modalities. Results: Institution-specific survival was predictably better than national survival in the 4 databases. One thousand patients were selected from the SEER database. Oriental descent, state-specific treatment, female gender, treatment in the nineties, low-grade disease, intra-compartmental disease, small size, wide resections as opposed to forequarter or hindquarter amputations, and single primaries were good prognostic factors on univariate analysis as well as multivariate analysis (P <0.05). Survival was better in the more affluent states (P <0.05). Males were affected at an older age than females (P = 0.004). Blacks tended to have larger tumours although their overall survival was similar to whites. Orientals were more likely to be treated in the nineties with wide resections for smaller tumours and were located around states associated with good treatment. Orientals in Singapore and the United States had the same survival (P = 0.45). Survival in Orientals in Singapore was not significantly different from other races. The standard of healthcare for osteosarcoma varies greatly across the United States but is uniform in Singapore. Hence the observed differences in the United States were likely due to socioeconomic factors. Conclusion: This analysis confirms the importance of a number of prognostic variables in osteosarcoma and suggests the possibility of an ethnic and economic bias for good survival.

Key words: Cancer, Ethnicity, Race, Sarcoma, Socioeconomic
Inteligencia artificial y la educación virtual, una legislación necesaria
Authors:   Universidad del Centro del Bajío, Huerta Presa Sandra , Zavala Ramírez José Ramón ,   Universidad del Centro del Bajío
Published: December 2022

La inteligencia artificial en el contexto de la educación virtual, constituye una forma de integrar diferentes tecnologías de información TIC y herramientas digitales con el objeto de llevar a cabo las actividades necesarias, para dar cumplimiento a un determinado curso o carrera, según sea el caso. El propósito de la presente investigación, es realizar un análisis del contexto de las legislaciones que se enfocan en estas herramientas digitales, utilizadas en un entorno de la educación virtual, considerando la interacción existente entre estas herramientas y los docentes y alumnos. La investigación es de tipo exploratoria documental, bajo un paradigma socio crítico, dentro del enfoque de la dialéctica crítica. En donde se buscó la contextualización de la ausencia de legislaciones en materia de inteligencia artificial aplicada a las TIC y las herramientas digitales, reflexionando sobre los impactos que pudiera tener en el contexto de la educación virtual y los participantes de dicho proceso. Los resultados indican el contexto de la legislación en inteligencia artificial y la educación virtual, contemplando la importancia de una ley enfocada a la protección de los operadores que interactúan con las herramientas digitales dentro de un modelo de educación virtual. No se puede considerar que exista un proceso adecuado de enseñanza aprendizaje, cuando los factores que intervienen en el mismo como lo son las TIC y las herramientas digitales, no están debidamente estructuradas considerando una protección para los usuarios de estas tecnologías.
Trabajo colaborativo para la promoción de la educación ambiental en la licenciatura de ciencias naturales de la Universidad Popular del César
Authors:   Universidad Popular del Cesar, García Romero Teovaldo , Vega Martínez Samir Enrique ,   Universidad Popular del Cesar, Rodríguez Mayra Alejandra ,   Universidad Popular del Cesar, García Castro Elkin Fabian ,   Universidad Popular del Cesar, Colina María de las Mercedes ,   Universidad Popular del Cesar
Published: December 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el trabajo colaborativo para la promoción de la educación ambiental en la Licenciatura de Ciencias Naturales y Medio ambiente de la Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar. Enmarcada en la línea de investigación procesos de aprendizaje de las Ciencias Naturales y el Medio Ambiente. Las categorías de estudio se sustentaron con base a las teorías de Roselli (2011), Vásquez et al., (2017); y Revelo-Sánchez et al., (2018); Valero y Febres, (2019), Espegel y Flores (2017) la investigación se planteó de corte cualitativo, descriptivo, con aplicación didáctica y pedagógica, basada en la teoría de Vigostky (1978), bajo un modelo de colaboración interactiva asincrónica. Para su realización la muestra estuvo conformada por 16 estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Naturales conformado en 4 grupos de 4 integrantes cada uno; las técnicas de investigación fueron cuestionario abierto online y talleres virtuales. Como resultado se concluyó que el trabajo colaborativo se convierte en un eje central que apoya la implementación de una cultura ambiental dentro y fuera de la Universidad, impactando directamente el sistema en función del beneficio de toda una comunidad.
Aula invertida como metodología en la educación universitaria
Authors:   Universidad Científica del Sur, Borba Franco Domingo Walter
Published: December 2022

La presente investigación mixta se centra en un estudio de casos de corte fenomenológico, que pretende realizar un aporte significativo desde la experiencia en la implementación de una de las denominadas metodologías activas, el Aula invertida en educación universitaria. La misma fue realizada con estudiantes del Diplomado “En neurociencias aplicadas a la intervención de necesidades educativas especiales” realizado de manera virtual e internacional con sede en la Universidad Científica del Sur, de Perú, los cursantes en esta oportunidad, fueron todos de Perú, teniendo un perfil profesional de atención a la diversidad y un nivel académico de grado como mínimo. En dicho diplomado se trabajó en el curso “La evolución histórica de las NEE y los distintos modelos” con un diseño de curso basado en Aula Invertida 50/50, donde la mitad de los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje sucedían fuera del encuentro sincrónico, y la otra mitad sí sucedía en ese espacio, el cual no era expositivo, tenía centralidad en el estudiante, generando las mejores condiciones para la reflexión, discusión y construcción colectiva. Como conclusión, se puede afirmar que el Aula Invertida brinda condiciones favorables para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en la educación universitaria.
Costos ocultos en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia en México: estudio de caso de una familia
Authors:   Universidad de Guanajuato, Lozano Montero Eva , Godínez López Roberto ,   Universidad de Guanajuato, Montiel Flores Julio César ,   Universidad de Guanajuato
Published: December 2022

La esquizofrenia es una de las principales enfermedades mentales que se manifiesta en México, la cual, de acuerdo a los estudios realizados, se ha incrementado, exacerbando erogaciones económicas considerables que deben ser consideradas en las estrategias de planeación del sector salud y en las políticas públicas. Sin embargo, no solamente afecta la economía del sector gubernamental, también afecta la calidad de vida de sus familiares, principalmente en las erogaciones que se realizan para atender al familiar y las consecuencias que enfrenta un familiar que se dedique a atender al paciente esquizofrénico. Mediante un estudio exhaustivo referencial, auxiliado del método deductivo con orientación transversal y considerando un estudio de caso, se analizan los elementos que se consideran para determinar el costo del tratamiento de la esquizofrenia, haciendo notar la necesidad de incluir los costos ocultos. Los resultados indican que, en las investigaciones realizadas, solo se considera el costo focalizado en el tratamiento del paciente, no así, los costos del tratamiento y atención del Familiar Cuidador Primario Informal (FCPI), considerado como un costo colateral al tratamiento de la esquizofrenia. De acuerdo al estudio de caso, los costos totales anuales por el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia ascienden a $208,960.91, considerando los costos de servicio para el FCPI. Los informes que existen reportan costos menores de los reales, los cuales afectan el costo-efectividad y al costo real, por lo que se deberían considerar los costos ocultos. Además, se considera la reducción del costo total del tratamiento, si se capacita de manera eficiente al cuidador familiar y se considera un tratamiento integral del enfermo mental, el cual incluya el tratamiento de su cuidador, desde su ingreso.
Estudio teórico de la responsabilidad social en tiempos de postpandemia y guerras
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Pérez Barral Osmany , Núñez Grijalva Jorge Vladimir ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Alarcón Quinapanta Mónica del Rocío ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Mora Rivera Joyce Beatriz ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Peñaloza López Verónica Leonor ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador
Published: December 2022

El estudio teórico de la responsabilidad social en tiempos de postpandemia y guerras tiene como propósito reflexionar sobre los principales acontecimientos que han afectado el mundo en época de pandemia y guerra desde el punto de vista de la responsabilidad social. La metodología esencialmente empleada es descriptiva-explicativa, a partir de la aplicación de los métodos de análisis-síntesis empleados y de la revisión teórica realizada por parte de los autores consultados. Con lo cual, los resultados expuestos se enfocan en el criterio expresado de los autores de este estudio con respecto a la discusión del criterio de otros que han sido consultados, lográndose con ello, un enriquecimiento teórico analítico para futuros estudios en estas temáticas, destacándose entre ellos, que: 1) La responsabilidad social no ha sido tomada con un nivel de conciencia justo en época de pandemia y de guerra, tanto, desde el punto de vista de gobernantes como de empresarios en la generalidad de los casos; 2) La responsabilidad social se ha aplicado en el discurso pero no en la acción de las personas a nivel social; y, la responsabilidad social se manifiesta de forma idealista y no como una oportunidad para crear una sociedad que garantice el bienestar de las personas.
Efecto primavera del IPC en la bolsa mexicana de valores: un estudio exploratorio para el periodo 2016-2019
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica de Puebla, Ramírez Rosas José Gonzalo , Ortiz Carranco Araceli ,   Universidad Politécnica de Puebla, Fierro Xochitótotl María Concepción ,   Universidad Politécnica de Puebla, Lozada Lechuga Jorge ,   Universidad Politécnica de Puebla
Published: December 2022

En la actualidad existe un gran interés en entender el comportamiento de los mercados accionarios, con el objetivo de conocer la dinámica con la que se rigen las tendencias en el nivel de acciones comercializadas, las cuales se traducen en los valores de los índices bursátiles. A nivel mundial, han sido detectados y analizados diferentes fenómenos de estacionalidad que se han presentado en diferentes índices bursátiles, a los cuales se les ha denominado de acuerdo a los horizontes temporales en los que ocurren, tales como: efecto día de la semana, efecto enero, efecto diciembre y día feriado, entre otros, los cuales ya han sido reportados en diferentes estudios, así como sus posibles causas y efectos en la toma de decisiones en mercados específicos. En el presente capítulo se analizaron a los valores del Índice de Precios y Cotizaciones (IPC) de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV), para un periodo que abarcó desde el año 2016 hasta el año 2019, con el objetivo de buscar comportamientos estacionales estadísticamente diferenciables. De acuerdo a observaciones preliminares, se propuso demostrar la existencia de un efecto estacional, al cual se le denominó “efecto primavera” y que está representado por un incremento sostenido en el IPC para los meses de marzo a junio del periodo ya mencionado. A fin de poder determinar la presencia del efecto primavera, este estudio tuvo una metodología cuantitativa a través de una investigación exploratoria-descriptiva con el uso de las técnicas de análisis de series temporales, mediante la observación de 427 mediciones diarias del IPC, divididos en 3 períodos en los que se manifestó un comportamiento al alza del índice bursátil, el cual se identificó mediante un análisis de suavizamiento exponencial.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Pelat Elektroda Tekstur terhadap laju Produksi gas pada Generator HHO
Authors: Asmawi Asmawi , Bin Mansor MUHD. Ridzuan , Tamaldin Noreffendy , Repi Viktor Vekky Ronald , Sudrajat Ajat
Published: December 2022

SS316L iron plate is a material that is often used in construction on machinery. In this study, 6 sheets of SS316L plates as electrode plates measuring 100 mm × 100 mm were assembled into a spacer shape arranged parallel to the distance of 2 mm. The SS316L electrode plate consists of two types, namely the original electrode plate or flat plate and the electrode plate through a treatment process where the surface is made of lines (texture). Both flat and textured electrode plate is formed into a spacer which then inserted to the HHO generator as the main component in the water electrolysis process. Measurements and calibrations are performed on each HHO generator with flat electrode plates and textured electrode plates with KOH catalyst 10 grams, 20 grams and 30 grams. The results of the calibration of the two types of HHO generators show that the HHO generator with texture plates is better than the flat plate with an average value of 1.03 L/minute.
Comparing rural and urban education contexts for GLBTIQ students
Authors: Jones Tiffany
Published: December 2022

This paper considers the different experiences for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer (GLBTIQ) students from rural and urban education contexts. It draws on data from three studies of GLBTIQ students I have conducted since 2010, including a 2010 online survey of 3,134 GLBTIQ students in which one fifth came from rural areas; a 2012 study of transgender people and a 2013 study of transgender and intersex students. The different studies repeatedly showed that GLBTIQ students from rural and remote towns experienced isolation, social discrimination and a lack of appropriate services and support. They were less likely to feel safe at school, at social occasions and on the internet than their urban peers. Many aspired to leave their rural and regional homes to become the person they wanted to be in an urban environment. The paper concludes by recommending specific training, resources and contacts to improve rural education services for these students.
The financial literacy of young people:Socioeconomic status, language background, and the rural-urban chasm
Authors: Ali Paul , Anderson Malcolm , McRae Cosima , Ramsey Ian
Published: December 2022

In this paper we report the results of a survey of financial literacy levels among Australian secondary school students. While key issues concerning financial literacy among adolescents is fairly well known, and governments see the urgency of addressing low levels of such literacy among a vulnerable cohort, less is understood about the variation of knowledge levels among young people. In this paper we identify the gap between urban and rural survey participants in respect of their financial literacy, and attempt to locate the contrasting knowledge levels in a setting that includes socioeconomic status and language background.
'Working from the boot of a red falcon':The impact of major fires in four Australian schools
Authors: Nye Adele
Published: December 2022

When a major fire occurs in a school, the impact can be felt for years to come. How the school community rebuilds depends on strong leadership and the resilience of the members of that community. This article explores the stories of four Australian schools, two rural NSW schools, Kelso High School and Oxley High School and two urban schools; Lyneham Public School, in Canberra, ACT and St Clair High school in Sydney. The research draws from qualitative interviews with school leaders as well as textual sources such as newspapers, social media and departmental documents. Through a comparative lens, the story of determined principals, teachers, students and parents is revealed. In each case the school emerges from significant misfortune to become a stronger school driven by a shared determination.
Integrating digital technologies in the classroom: Lecturers' views on the flipped classroom approach
Authors: Hajhashemi Karim , Caltabiano Nerina , Anderson Neil
Published: December 2022

The 2016 Good University Guide demonstrated that Australian rural and regional universities are outperforming more established, and highly internationally ranked city peers in relation to student perceptions of the quality of teaching that they experience. Recently, many universities have encouraged academic staff to rethink the delivery method for subjects and give consideration to the further development of significant online components. Lecturers at rural and regional universities are increasingly encouraged and supported to include a variety of online resources in their subjects and to explore the use of promising methods such as the â€˜flipped classroomâ€™. The â€˜flipped classroomâ€™ is an innovative pedagogical approach and is a technique that has garnered a lot of attention among school-based and tertiary educators. It is important to identify what influences successful implementation of information and communications technology (ICT) for augmented learning in the context of the flipped classroom. This paper briefly outlines aspects of the flipped classroom approach and looks at how the school of Education, in a regional Australian university servicing rural and remote areas, in particular, is integrating this approach in their pedagogy. This paper reports on interviews conducted with the lecturers at the university about their views, understanding, and challenges of the learning and teaching environment in a flipped classroom approach. This paper also reports the lecturersâ€™ perception of student learning when a â€˜flipped classroomâ€™ approach is adopted. As a variant of blended learning and an innovative pedagogical approach, it was found that the flipped classroom approach has gathered a lot of attention and challenges among university lecturers.
"Yes, The Power Is In The Town": An Ethnographic Study Of Student Participation In A Rural Swedish Secondary School
Authors: Johansson Monica
Published: December 2022

This article is based on an ethnographic case study and highlights the importance of spatial dimensions and spatial inequality as means of understanding the participation of a group of youths living in a sparsely populated rural area of Sweden. The analysis took as its starting point Doreen Masseyâ€™s conceptualisation of place and space as comprising extended social relations that are in a state of constant change connected to power relations. The data analysis focused on the activities that the youths took part in and how they expressed their participation and agency in society at local, regional and national levels. The results point to variability in youth participation at different levels and indicate that visible and meaningful social relations are important for youth participation and their understandings of participation. The trends suggest that student agency and statements in relation to possible and actual participation are strongest at both school and local levels, and decrease and change to more resistance and silence at regional and national levels.