bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une quête de liberté sous contrainte. De PME familiales à la direction des ressources humaines d’un grand groupe européen
Authors: Villette Michel
Published: December 2020

Tout système économique suscite un certain type d’hommes et de femmes, bien faits pour y réussir. En référence à Hobbes et à Locke, les travaux du philosophe écossais C. B. Macpherson sur « l’individualisme possessif » (1962) identifient les caractéristiques de « l’homme libéral accompli » : émancipation ; engagement volontaire ; propriété de sa propre personne ; aliénation de sa force de travail dans des rapports marchands ; tendance à réduire les rapports sociaux à des rapports marchands. La transcription d’entretien commentée présentée dans cet article fait partie d’une série dédiée à l’étude de personnes qui ont suivi des carrières ascendantes et internationales dans de grandes entreprises. La combinaison d’une compétence d’initié, d’une acceptation inconditionnelle des contraintes du métier et d’une forte lucidité fait l’intérêt de ce genre de témoignages, qui apporte des informations sur le monde des affaires et sur ce qu’est aujourd’hui une personne en quête d’accomplissement, dans le contexte du capitalisme mondialisé.
Le doute et son contraire (fac-similé présenté par Claire Paulhan)
Authors: Paulhan Jean
Published: December 2020

Titres en bas, titres sans textes, phrases sans fin, croisements d’intuitions sans explicitation de l’Idée vers laquelle ils tendent, les manuscrits de Jean Paulhan ont de quoi laisser le lecteur perplexe. Ferme et ronde, la qualité de son écriture peut être trompeuse, pour exprimer une pensée toute en méandres. Il faut laisser parler les archives de Jean Paulhan pour ce qu’elles ont à dire. Sans prétendre reconstituer une intention. Sans commentaire.
Un maître à penser et un ami à présenter : Jean Paulhan et Georges Lambrichs
Authors: Villanova Arnaud
Published: December 2020

D’un emploi de lecteur aux Éditions de Minuit en 1946, jusqu’à la direction de la NRF en 1977, Georges Lambrichs a su mener sa barque jusqu’au quai Voltaire. Il l’amarra trente ans durant rue Sébastien-Bottin, pour diriger chez Gallimard la collection « Le Chemin », véritable laboratoire littéraire et lieu d’une aventure collective. Élève et élu de Jean Paulhan, il suivit ses traces, les sens en éveil, afin de prolonger une certaine idée de la littérature et une façon de faire .
Enseigner la philosophie : un beau risque à courir
Authors: Raviolo Isabelle
Published: December 2020

Dans cet article, je croise mon expérience d’enseignante et l’intelligence que j’en ai acquise au cours de ma pratique, dans les classes de Terminale et dans les amphis des facultés. Les dialogues avec les élèves, les collègues, les nombreux stages de formation, les remises en question et les lectures restent cet « espace » où le progrès est possible grâce au « feu » d’un désir entretenu, à la bienveillance pour les jeunes et au discernement qui s’aiguise avec l’âge. Ce furent autant de sources intellectuelles et spirituelles qui ont constitué le socle d’un métier, d’un « exercice » quotidien, et qui m’ont permis d’approfondir une parole reçue et donnée, une parole partagée à l’écrit et à l’oral, et ont rendu possible un dialogue vivant et vrai. Cet article s’inscrit dans ce double mouvement où le souci de voir l’adolescent se construire, s’épanouir, selon ses talents propres, reste le fondement et la finalité de la pratique pédagogique. À ce titre, je montre dans cet article qu’enseigner n’est pas un métier comme un autre. Il relève d’un engagement et d’un « art », mais aussi et surtout d’une posture éthique où l’humilité nous ouvre des possibles infinis. C’est pourquoi, en cette dynamique même de la parole, dans l’appel et la réponse donc, s’enracine la force d’une présence, d’un « être auprès de », d’une « obligation » qui (est ?) l’appel discret et vif d’une écoute de l’adolescent et de ses désirs de connaissance et de questionnement. C’est là qu’être enseignement (enseignant ?) rejoint pour moi ce silence de l’attention, l’intelligence du cœur. Pour le dire autrement : de la vie en esprit, de la philosophie quand elle se fait rencontre, maïeutique. Tel un semeur qui fait confiance et croit que cette graine qui ne lui appartient pas reviendra chargée d’une abondante moisson, l’enseignant travaille pour les générations futures. Il porte en lui l’immense promesse de la culture humaine.
La signification philosophique du principe d’exclusion de Pauli ou la position du problème de l’individuation en mécanique quantique
Authors: Lobo Carlos
Published: December 2020

Une épistémologie phénoménologique est nécessairement intéressée aux points de contact et de passage entre problèmes scientifiques et problèmes philosophiques. Il est instructif, dans cette perspective, de revenir sur un moment historiquement décisif, mais éminemment équivoque, encore porteur de prolongements et de retournements dont nous n’avons peut-être pas encore pris toute la mesure : l’énoncé du principe de Pauli . Le statut logique de cet énoncé est lui-même ambigu : règle technique, semi-empirique, postulat, principe ou théorème, etc. Pour le meilleur et le pire, ce principe se trouve accouplé dès l’origine au problème de l’individuation en physique. Nous proposons de revenir sur quelques traits philosophiquement saillants des interprétations que Weyl et de Broglie proposent dudit « principe d’exclusion Pauli » (ou PEP). L’un et l’autre y voient l’occasion d’un approfondissement du principe d’individuation prévalant jusqu’alors dans la physique classique : l’espace. Weyl associe le PEP au principe leibnizien des indiscernables et tente de modéliser l’espace en jeu au moyen de la théorie des groupes. Les changements de position de Pauli lui-même à ce propos ne sont pas moins instructifs. La position de De Broglie sur ce principe est un marqueur de sa trajectoire : de la théorie audacieuse, et, équivoque, de « l’onde-pilote », jusqu’à celle dite de la « double solution », en passant par la période de rétractation consécutive au congrès de Solvay de 1927. Ce qui persiste d’un bout à l’autre, c’est un partage entre espace « réel » empirique et espace de configuration mathématique imaginaire. Chez l’un et l’autre, cette interprétation est ainsi indissociable d’un nouveau partage du subjectif et de l’objectif et d’une réflexion critique sur le principe traditionnel d’individuation qu’est l’espace (ou le temps physique) au profit d’une articulation toujours plus subtile et complexe entre l’espace de la phénoménalisation (de l’observation) et les « espaces » de la modélisation mathématique, en particulier les espaces des états possibles décrits dans le formalisme de la statistique quantique.
Recension de l’ouvrage de Jean Lassègue et Antoine Garapon, La Justice digitale
Authors: Lacour Philippe
Published: December 2020

Que fait la justice numérique à la théorie et à la pratique du droit ? Qu’induit-elle pour la vocation de justice de l’institution judiciaire ? Comment en bouleverse-t-elle les différents métiers ? Jean Lassègue et Antoine Garapon mènent une enquête approfondie pour différencier soigneusement les deux formes symboliques du numérique et du droit. Ils s’efforcent ainsi de ménager ainsi une troisième voie qui sache éviter tout autant la fascination dogmatique des juristes pour la tendance « loi et mathématique » (la tentation de fonder la rationalité juridique sur la formalisation) que l’ambition légale démesurée de l’informatique contemporaine (la prétention actuelle des algorithmes à empiéter sur tous les domaines, y compris le droit). Il doit être possible de résister à l’automatisation pour inventer une justice, certes, assistée par ordinateur, mais sachant rester humaine. Reste à savoir comment.
De l’analyse économique aux politiques publiques en économie de l’éducation
Authors: Montmarquette Claude
Published: December 2020

L’investissement en éducation tant social que privé est l’un des éléments fondamentaux du capital humain. L’éducation s’inscrit au cœur de l’affranchissement des individus de la servitude des autres. Elle est porteuse de croissance économique et représente un outil d’égalisation des chances pour tous. Fondé sur mes études en économie de l’éducation, ce texte traite de multiples sujets d’analyse économique et économétrique, notamment la persévérance scolaire, les choix éducationnels et les inégalités sociales en matière de choix éducatifs. Il présente aussi des éléments de politiques publiques associées aux thèmes discutés. Classification JEL  : J24, C35, C91, C93, D81.
Conversion urbaine de terres et métropolisation du territoire
Authors: Bocquet Martin , Cavailhès Jean
Published: December 2020

La conversion urbaine de terres non bâties fait l’objet d’un débat social où la préservation des ressources agricoles et de l’environnement s’opposent aux besoins de logements et de locaux d’entreprises. Notre contribution concerne les déterminants spatiaux de cette question. Nous utilisons une nouvelle base de données issue des fichiers fiscaux (2009-2017), exploitée par CEREMA, qui fournit des données au niveau communal. La conversion urbaine de terres non bâties est très inégalement répartie dans l'espace. Pour analyser ses déterminants, un modèle économétrique est estimé par la méthode des variables instrumentales. Les résultats montrent que l’urbanisation est d’autant plus forte que les unités urbaines sont grandes. Elle opère surtout par construction sur des parcelles agro-forestières dans les métropoles, où les ressources foncières sont rares et chères. D’autres variables géographiques, parmi lesquelles le littoral, ou d’autres aménités, comme le climat, contribuent à accroître les conversions urbaines de terres. Classification JEL  : Q24, R12, R14, R52
Querelles d’« amatrices » : dire la compétence au féminin pendant le XIX e siècle
Authors: Courant Elsa
Published: December 2020

Le xix e  siècle s’ouvre sur une querelle de désignation : doit-on ajouter le mot amatrice , employé par Jean-Jacques Rousseau, dans les dictionnaires ? Parmi les arguments fréquemment employés contre ce mot, on trouve celui de l’analogie avec le mot auteur qui n’aurait pas non plus de féminin, bien que ces deux termes ne puissent faire l’objet d’un amalgame. Le point d’achoppement dans l’acceptation du prétendu « néologisme » que serait amatrice tient à la reconnaissance implicite d’une forme de maîtrise, fût-elle de second ordre, au sexe féminin. À ce titre, les querelles de désignations, qui font encore parler d’elles à l’heure de la féminisation des noms de métiers, sont indirectement liées à la difficulté de parvenir à la reconnaissance d’un statut d’autrice au xix e  siècle. Cet article vise à en explorer un aspect en partant d’un débat portant sur la définition d’une compétence féminine pouvant ouvrir la voie d’une légitimité auctoriale.
Efficacy and Safety of Biosimilar Rituximab (ZytuxTM) in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Alwan Alaa , Abdulsahib Manal , Abbas Duaa , Abdulsattar Saraa , Ensaif Reem
Published: December 2020

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) are considered parts of mature B cell neoplasms in WHO classification. They are both characterized by accumulation of B cells in blood, lymphoid tissues and bone marrow. Most of treatment protocols of NHL and CLL contain rituximab in addition to chemotherapy, which has been associated with improved survival. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of ZytuxTM (AryoGen Pharmed) in newly diagnosed patients with NHL and CLL. A prospective single center study conducted at the National Center of Hematology, Mustansiriyah University, from January 2018 till October 2018. Twenty patients were included in this study, ten of them were NHL and ten patients were CLL. All patients were treated with ZytuTM in addition to designated protocol. All patient were followed up for 6 months and evaluated at the end of each protocol. There were 20 patients in this study; the overall median age for all patients in this study was 66 years. The median age was 57.5 years for NHL and 68.5 years for CLL. There were 13 males and 7 females in total, with male predominance in both groups. Regarding safety profile, ZytuxTM demonstrated similar adverse reactions in comparison to MabThera® (Roche Spa). Moreover, the overall response rate in both groups was 85% with complete response achieved in 35% and partial response in remaining 50%.This study concluded that the early results of use of ZytuTM in NHL and CLL were not inferior to reference drug MabThera® in contrast it was comparable and even better in term of safety and efficacy.
Параметры метода максимального правдоподобия при его использовании для решения систем дважды биюнктивных уравнений с искаженными правыми частями
Authors: Tarasov Alexey Vyacheslavovich
Published: December 2020

Рассматривается задача решения заведомо совместных систем булевых уравнений с дважды биюнктивными функциями, со случайным выбором неизвестных в каждом уравнении и с искаженными правыми частями. Оцениваются основные параметры процедуры решения таких систем методом максимального правдоподобия.
Optimum Operating Conditions of Drinking Water Treatment System for Fluoride Removal using High Adsorption Bone Char
Authors: Maeng Min-Soo , Byun Jung-Seop , Park Hyo-Jin , Shin Gwy-Am
Published: December 2020

Objectives : Bone char is used in many eastern countries in Africa to remove high levels of fluoride from groundwater. However, due to the low adsorption efficiency of bone char, it is necessary to replace bone char frequently, which cause significant burden to the people in those areas. In this study, we developed a water treatment system to remove high level of fluoride in groundwater using a high efficiency bone char.Methods : In order to make a high efficiency bone char, cow bones were washed, dried and cut into small pieces. Then the bones were burned for 1, 3 and 5 hours at 350, 450 and 550℃ in electric furnaces. After that, the burned bones were sieved with 600~2,000 µm to match the size of bone char being used in Ethiopia. Surface analysis of bone char was performed using SEM and BET. The removal efficiency of bone char was conducted with various level of turbidity, TOC, and fluoride concentration for 90 minutes under the flow rate conditions of 100, 200, 300, and 400 L/day with an initial fluoride concentration of 4.8 mg/L.Result and Discussion : There was a significant difference between the bone char from Ethiopia and our study in terms of their surface roughness and specific surface area according to SEM and BET analysis. The adsorption capacity of the bone char produced in this study was 3.7 mg F/g, compared to 1 mg/L from the one from Ethiopia. In terms of turbidity and organic matter removal with column test, 200 L/d showed the shortest operating time to reach turbidity of less than 0.5 NTU, and was an effective operation for TOC removal. However, It took the longest to 1.5 mg/L of fluoride after breakthrough under 100 L/d operating conditions. In terms of operating time, bed volume, and energy efficiency, 100 L/d was found to be an effective operating condition.Conclusions : We developed a high efficiency bone char in this study with modification of its production process and tested it at various operating conditions. Our study showed that the bone char developed in this study is about 4 times more effective than traditional bone char and it is most effective at operation with low flow rates. Column operation is most effective at 100 L/d for fluoride removal under operating time and bed volume and energy efficiency. Therefore operating condition of drinking water treatment system for the fluorine removal using bone char in developing countries is effective in low flow rate operation.
A Novel Model for Train Operation Adjustment in High-Speed Railway based on Max-plus Algebra
Authors: Liu Zhong-bo
Published: December 2020

The running time of high-speed train is generally not late, and it can run normally in most cases. However, when severe weather conditions, train components and equipment, accidents or emergencies occur, it will lead to train operation delay and traffic congestion. Therefore, when an accident occurs, we need to adjust the train time or route timely and accurately. As an important algebraic system, max-plus algebra is widely used in the field of industrial production control. In industrial production, the most production mode is the discrete system , but the characteristics and the ability of discrete systems depends on the periodic of system and the number of workpiece produced by the system in unit time, and the characteristics of the system are closely related to the properties of the matrix, especially, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix in the sense of max-plus algebra. Therefore, this paper studies the max-plus algebra theory and the solution of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices in the sense of max-plus algebra, establish the operation time matrix to optimize the train operation adjustment model of high-speed railway, and analyze the failure propagation model.
Pathways to Becoming a Culturally Responsive Teacher: Narrative Inquiries into a Translanguaging Read Aloud
Authors: Moody Stephanie Michelle , Matthews Sharon D
Published: December 2020

The increasing mismatch between the cultural backgrounds of teachers and students has caused teacher education programs (TEPs) to scramble to identify effective pedagogy that will prepare preservice teachers (PSTs) to work with diverse populations. One unexamined technique is the use of translanguaging books, which intertwine two languages for a myriad of social, emotional, and cognitive benefits. The present narrative inquiry follows two PSTs, Kathleen and Laura, who engaged in shared readings of translanguaging books within an after-school literacy program for struggling second grade English language learners (ELLs). Data include journal reflections and individual interviews. Results show that the translanguaging books shattered their perceptions of the linguistic boundaries between English and Spanish, and illustrated how language can be used to alienate students. However, Kathleen and Laura had contrasting views about the purpose of the translanguaging read alouds which illustrate implications for TEPs: a) authentic experience is essential to enable PSTs to challenge current monolingual ideologies; b) PSTs must be given the opportunity to engage in tasks that challenge their underlying assumptions; and c) TEPs should focus on the importance of cultural responsiveness, so that PSTs develop a prominent belief system that can be quickly recalled and enacted in the classroom.
Different Approaches to Cosmology in Archaeology and Their Application to Maltese Prehistory
Authors: Lomsdalen Tore
Published: December 2020

This paper outlines different ways archaeologists have engaged with notions of cosmology and worldview. It begins by highlighting the confusion over definitions of cosmology, particularly within archaeology and archaeoastronomy, and proposes a working definition that tries to be all-encompassing. This definition is then used to illustrate how different bodies of archaeological theory have touched upon the topic of cosmology either explicitly or implicitly. The list provided is not exhaustive but provides an overview of the range of scales (from artefact to landscape) as well as a level of engagement with cosmology (from implicit to explicit). Each of these instances is firstly described in general, followed by a more specific application to Maltese prehistory and its Temple Period. The paper, therefore, highlights the ways in which archaeologists have engaged with cosmology that can complement work done by archaeoastronomers and cultural astronomers. By drawing attention to the holistic and allencompassing nature of cosmology it is hoped that further steps towards bridging the gaps between archaeology and archaeoastronomy can be taken.
Petra Revisited: An Astronomical Approach to the Nabataean Cultic Calendar
Authors: Belmonte Juan Antonio , González García A. César
Published: December 2020

Petra, the ancient Nabataean capital, has been one of our main research objectives since the first field campaign on site in 1996. 1 In December 2015 a new visit to the city was made to coincide with the winter solstice. Historical, ethnographic, epigraphic and archaeological records are compared in order to gain an insight on the Nabataean calendar. From this multi-source analysis two main points arise: the importance of both equinoxes and winter solstice within the lunisolar calendar and the relevance of some processions and pilgrimages. These combined with illumination effects observed and broadcasted at the principal monuments of Petra, and new important hierophanies, predicted in previous campaigns,2 indicate the relevance of these dates at the time of the Nabataeans. Winter solstice was an important event in the Nabataean cultic calendar when a festival of the main deities of the city, the God Dushara and his partner the goddess Al-Uzza, was commemorated. This probably took the form of a pilgrimage, and related cultic activities, such as ascending from the temples at the centre of the city (presumably from Qsar el Bint and the Temple of the Winged Lions), to the Monastery (Ad-Deir) through an elaborated stone-carved processional way. The relevance of the spring and autumn equinox within the cultic calendar will also be emphasized in relationship to other sacred sites in Petra, such as the Zibb Atuff obelisks, and additional Nabataean sites.
SERVIÇO SOCIAL E RESIDÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE NO BRASIL
Authors: Monteiro de Castro Marina , Pereira Paiva Sabrina , Barbosa de Carvalho Dornelas Carina , Fernandez Zschaber Flávia
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo apresenta parte da pesquisa intitulada “Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde e Serviço Social: mapeamento teórico e político-pedagógico”, realizada entre 2017 e 2018. O estudo documental analisa 86 editais (2017/2018) de residências em saúde, com vagas disponíveis para o Serviço Social, contabilizando 476 vagas no período analisado. As principais áreas de concentração dos programas foram Saúde Mental, Saúde da Família, Saúde do Idoso, Oncologia e Urgência. A região sudeste ainda se coloca como principal região na oferta de vagas, programas e instituições envolvidas, seguida pela região nordeste. As regiões norte e centro-oeste carecem de investimentos nesse modelo de formação. Os programas contam com o envolvimento de outras profissões como enfermagem, psicologia, fisioterapia, nutrição e farmácia, enfatizando a importância do debate e aprendizado propiciado pelas residências no que tange ao trabalho interprofissional, com vistas à construção da integralidade da atenção à saúde. Os dados apresentados são fundamentais para o acompanhamento da inserção do Serviço Social nestes dispositivos formativos, ajudando a construir nossas análises sobre as reais possibilidades de contribuição dos assistentes sociais, através dos Programas, para a defesa da saúde pública e do desenvolvimento de um trabalho ancorado no projeto ético político profissional.
Ferenc Eckhart:
Authors: Törő László Dávid
Published: December 2020

An influential historian of constitutional and economic history, Ferenc Eckhart, contributed greatly to the Hungarian historical writing in the first half of the 20th century. He paved the way for a much more historical and analytical view of constitutional history while fiercely debating narrow-minded, nationalist interpretations of Hungarian constitutional history. This paper attempts to give a short overview of this ouvre and to highlight the progressive elements in his historical writing.
Nothing Compares to the Past:
Authors: Vega Rubén , Kerry Matthew
Published: December 2020

Processes of industrial decline have often generated nostalgia phenomena in the affected communities based on the more or less idealised memory of a past time of prosperity that disappeared as the chimneys went out (‘smokestack nostalgia’, this has been called sometimes). In an earlier time, the development of industries and mining had resulted in the configuration of well-defined social structures and socio-political frameworks. Class identity, collective action, labour disputes and trade union organisations provided the basis on which to build communities that revolved around work. Deindustrialisation undermines both the material and symbolic bases of those cities and regions that have known an industrial boom and exposes them to great uncertainty about their future. The elaboration of a collective memory capable of adapting to a radically transformed context constitutes a research field full of possibilities, despite its complexity. The references can be adapted to new post-industrial scenarios only with considerable difficulty, but at the same time they provide sources of pride and identity and response schemes to adversities. In the following lines, we will concentrate on a specific case: that of Asturias, a mining and industrial region with a prominent role played by the labour movement that has suffered a prolonged decline in its economic bases but has largely managed to preserve social cohesion. The traumatic nature of these changes invites us to explore the way in which collective perceptions manifest themselves and also the role that memory (and oblivion) can play in the reactions of young people subjected to very different challenges from those of their elders.
The Short and the Long 1968 in Britain:
Authors: Berg Sebastian , Viol Claus-Ulrich
Published: December 2020

This is the introduction to Moving the Social 64 (2020).
Challenging the Myths of the Scottish Sixties:
Authors: Nehring Holger
Published: December 2020

This article challenges two myths about the British and Scottish Sixties: first, that there was no real student radicalism in Scotland in the long 1960s, and second that this radicalism was confined to narrow groups of the extreme left. Rather than focusing on processes of cultural change and their manifestations, this essay conceptualises ‘1968’ as a series of political contestations over the form of university governance and, by implication, government in the United Kingdom from the mid-1960s and to the mid-1970s. Conceptually, this article brings together an analysis of governmental and university policy making with the politics of protest. It draws attention to the interaction between local experiences and central structures in framing the protests, and it highlights how the student protests on the Stirling campus gave expression to broader fractures within the UK polity. Thus, this article demonstrates how students expressed dissatisfaction with the realities of technocratic planning in the context of the centralised UK state by calling for more representation. In doing so, it offers two conceptual messages for scholars working on ‘1968’ more generally: ideological currents and value changes should be connected to specific local places of contestations; and the call for student representation against technocratic planning should be taken more seriously and analysed in the context of these contestations and embedded in a discussion about the relationship between culture and politics.
Analysis Of Environmental Impact With The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Method On Tofu Production
Authors: Masayu Rosyidah , Ansyori Masruri  , Romyzar Arya Putra  , Mayanita  , Ananda  , Cindy
Published: December 2020

Tofu is a typical Indonesian food. The tofu production process has its own impact on the environment because the rest of the production results in solid and liquid waste. If the processing or utilization of the waste products is not carried out, it will pollute the surrounding environment. The aim of this research is to identify the environmental impact of the tofu production process. The method used in this research is the method of mixed method simapro program assisted 7. From the results showed that the production process knows it can cause environmental pollution, it is seen from the damage category. Score a single score of 4076,345 Pt, with an environmental impact of Human Health of 1701.54 (41.7%), Ecosystem Quality of 1409.057 (34.6%), and Resources of 965.7484 (23.7%). Based on research results of several categories of the study, obtained on alternative improvements to reduce environmental impact by replacing firewood with biogas as fuel.

 

 

Keywords : Biogas, Life Cycle Assessment , Environmental Pollution, Production Know, SimaPro
Analysis of Type Cover on Drying Rate and Moisture Content
Authors: Anggara Mietra , Irfan
Published: December 2020

Seaweed is one of the marine commodities that has high economic value and benefits for humans, because seaweed can be processed into basic food ingredients and various types of products such as seaweed lunkhead, gelatin, cosmetic medicines and so on. The post-harvest handling process for the Papuan community, Kec. Taliwang, West Sumbawa Regency (NTB) is still done traditionally so natural drying usually takes a long time because the temperature and energy depend on sunlight. This will lead to a decline in the quality of seaweed products because temperature and energy depend on sunlight. One of the efforts to improve the quality of seaweed production is to reduce the water content, the maximum water content limit, which meets SNI 25% - 50%. In this study, four forms of cover were used, namely the cover form of a single oblique solar dryer, the cover form of the taper solar dryer, the cover form of the double slanted solar dryer, the cover form of the rectangular prism solar dryer. The peak drying rate lies on a double sloping cover of 0.40 g / minute, a taper cover of 0.37 g / minute, a rectangular prism cover of 0.34 g / minute and a single sloping cover of 0.30 g / minute. The hot peaks that are useful are located on a double sloping cover of 3.82 Watt, a taper cover of 2.80 Watt, a rectangular prism cover of 2.09 Watt and a single cover of 0.46 Watt. The peak of efficiency lies in the double sloping cover of 8.57%, taper cover of 6.28%, rectangular prism cover of 4.69% and single sloping cover of 2.28%. The peak of seaweed residual water content lies on a double sloping cover of 13.21%, a taper cover of 19.61%, a rectangular prism cover of 25.73 and a double sloping cover of 27.75%. This shows that drying using double sloping covers is more effective and efficient, so it can accelerate the drying rate and can increase the selling price of seaweed for seaweed farmers in Kertasari Village, Taliwang District, West Sumbawa (NTB).
Effects of Temperature and Heating Time on Degradation and Antioxidant Activity of Anthocyanin from Roselle Petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)
Authors: Suzery Meiny , Nudin Burhan , Nurwahyu Bima Damar , Cahyono Bambang
Published: December 2020

The effects of temperature and heating time on the degradation and antioxidant activity of anthocyanin compounds from roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) have been evaluated from this research. The purpose of this study is to determine, the degradation and antioxidant activity of anthocyanin compounds on variations of temperature and heating time. In this study anthocyanin was extracted from roselle petals using ethanol solvent at 25oC. Then the anthocyanin extract obtained was dissolved into aqueous solution. The solution was then heated at 40oC, 60oC and 80oC for 60 minutes. The degradation of anthocyanin compounds was analyzed by calculating the total of anthocyanin contents, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. The results showed that Total Anthocyanin Content (TAC) from the extract solution before heating was 144.28 mg/L. Meanwhile the total value of anthocyanin in the 60 minutes after heating at 400C, 600C and 800C are 108.88 mg/L, 88.84 mg/L and 63.78 mg/L respectively. Heating at 80oC decreases antioxidant activity by increasing the IC50 value to 86.8 ppm higher than the conditions before heating. The increase of temperature and length of the heating process made the anthocyanin structure degraded. Degradation was indicated by the reduction of total anthocyanin content and the decrease of antioxidant activity.
Pensamiento de diseño, procesos creativos y literatura
Authors: Sheinbaum Diego
Published: December 2020

En este estudio, el autor explora los puntos de confluencia entre el diseño y la literatura en lo que hace a sus procesos de creación. Con ello se pretende abonar al ámbito de la enseñanza, tanto del diseño como de la literatura, abrevando de conceptos torales en el ámbito del llamado Pensamiento de diseño (Design Thinking), como el de “salto creativo”.
GERENCIAMENTO DE UMA SITUAÇÃO DE CRISE
Authors: Vega Mendoza William Arturo , Ramírez Braun Helmut , Perin Vichi Leonardo
Published: December 2020

O artigo pretende descrever o gerenciamento de uma crise realizado pelo GovernoPeruano (GP) durante uma situação específica, o resgate de reféns na Embaixadado Japão (abril de 1997) através da operação “Chavín de Huantar”. Primeiro, serãoapresentados os antecedentes do terrorismo no Peru, o contexto geral do paísem dezembro de 1996 e o objetivo deste artigo. A seguir, será exposta a situaçãoda captura da Embaixada do Japão realizada pelos integrantes do MovimentoRevolucionário Tupac Amaru (MRTA), bem como suas principais motivações edemandas expostas ao GP. Na sequência, será detalhado o gerenciamento do GPpara enfrentar essa crise, abrangendo aspectos de estratégias de solução, tomadade decisões, níveis do planejamento, negociações, comunicações durante umacrise, ciclo de respostas, relação do planejador com as mídias sociais, operações decontraterrorismo e particularidades da operação militar. Por fim, serão estabelecidasas conclusões relevantes ao gerenciamento do GP, bem como as lições aprendidasdesta operação. O presente artigo foi elaborado empregando o método de revisãode literatura, apoiando-se em artigos, produções acadêmicas, entrevistas, livros,jornais, relatórios e palestras oficiais do Exército Peruano.
SEGURANÇA E DEFESA NO BRASIL
Authors: Santos Daniel Mendes Aguiar , Valentini da Silva Fernando Augusto , Santos Gallera Alexandre dos
Published: December 2020

Esta pesquisa, associada à demanda contida na Política Nacional de Defesa – 2012,trata de esforços que contribuam com o incremento do nível de Segurança Nacional,integrando as instâncias estatais em prol da prevenção e do gerenciamento decrises. Desse modo, esta breve análise estabeleceu o objetivo de examinar osprincipais desafios e respostas que têm transpassado o espectro da Segurançae Defesa (S&D) no Brasil, para, a seguir, sugerir uma perspectiva que contribuapara uma gestão integral da Segurança Nacional. A metodologia contemplou umaperspectiva qualitativa, operacionalizada por um método de abordagem indutivo,combinando esforços descritivos e analíticos, coletando impressões acerca da S&Dno mundo e, em especial, aprofundando o estudo no espaço brasileiro. Na discussão,verificou-se que há demanda e ambiente para a concepção de uma política públicapermanente com a finalidade de otimizar a gestão integral da Segurança Nacional,particularmente, em face das ameaças hodiernas, as quais, muitas vezes, excedem as esferas da Segurança Pública, da Defesa Nacional, da Segurança Nacional,alcançando até a Segurança Internacional. Ademais, o estudo propôs um modeloempírico para a gestão integral da Segurança Nacional, considerando a necessidadede uma abordagem sistêmica e da harmonização dos esforços interagências, tendoem vista que a dinâmica das ameaças atuais não é linear e, portanto, respostasmecanicistas são insuficientes para responder desafios complexos.
Mobile Learning Adoption: A perspective from a Form Six Students in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Kankok Jol Bin , Ambotang Abdul Said , Kariming Nurjannah Fatin Amirah
Published: December 2020

Despite the availability of studies on mobile learning adoption, its theoretical foundations have not yet matured. However, studies on mobile learning adoption in the context of form six student in Malaysia is still very limited. Against this concern, a study was conducted with the aim of investigating factors that could influence the adoption of mobile learning. Based on The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and two other variables which are Perceived Playfulness and Self-Directed Learning, an empirical structured has been developed to identify predictors of mobile learning. A self-administered questionnaire was adopted and a total of 314 responses were employed for the analysis, using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings of the analysis revealed that all key constructs (except social influence) affect mobile learning adoption among form six students. Besides that, Self-Directed Learning become the strongest predictor and followed by Effort Expectancy. These findings provide crucial implications for educators and practitioners to take individual characteristic (Self-Directed Learning) into consideration while promoting mobile learning. This study represents one of the few attempts to reveal the extended UTAUT model could be increased explanation power of technology acceptance by the users. Directions for future study are suggested at the end of the paper.
Self-Focusing of High-Power Laser Beam Through Cold Uniform Magnetized Plasma
Authors: Chakravarti Sudarshan Kumar
Published: December 2020

In present paper the determination of the spot size of an ultra-short laser beam in uniform magnetized plasma with a dominant cold plasma has been studied. The liner dispersion relation of the laser beam propagating in Magnetized plasma have been found. Magnetic field is set up and source dependent expansion method is applied to determining the spot size of the intense laser beam with gaussian profile. The transverse magnetization of plasma and its impact on the self-focusing property of the dense laser governing to reduction in critical power necessary to self-focusing beam is shown.
TÜRKİYE’DE SAĞLIK POLİTİKALARINI BELİRLEMEDE DIŞ PAYDAŞ ANALİZİ
Authors: ÜNLÜ Tuğçe Nuriye , DENİZ Duygu , SEVİMLİ Esra
Published: December 2020

Paydaş analizi diğer sektörlerde olduğu gibi sağlık sektörü için de stratejik öneme sahiptir. Paydaş analizi, önerilen bir eylemin 'payına' sahip olması muhtemel bireyleri veya grupların belirlenmesi, kategorilere ayrılması ve analiz edilmesi faaliyetleridir. Sağlıkta politika ve reform oluşturma sürecinde paydaş analizlerinden yararlanılması, uygulanabilir politikalar oluşturulması, uygulayıcıları ne derece etkilediğini görülmesine imkan sağlamaktadır. Bu derleme paydaş analizi hakkında literatür bilgisi sağlamak, bazı ülkelerde ve Türkiye’de sağlık politikaları alanında yapılan çalışmalar hakkında örnekler vermek amacıyla oluşturulmuştur. Bu amaçla, ilk bölümde paydaş analizinin tanımlanması ve analiz modelleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Bu bölümde ek olarak, Türkiye ve Rusya, Güney Afrika, Hindistan gibi bazı ülkelerde yapılan paydaş analizleri ve etkileri üzerine literatürde yer alan bilgiler paylaşılmıştır. İkinci bölümde Türkiye’de sağlık politikaları belirlemede dış paydaş analizi çalışmaları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Paydaş analizini kullanılarak politika oluşturmada hangi paydaşların sürecin içinde etkin olacağı belirlenebilir ve bu paydaşların katkıları değerlendirilerek politika uygulama sürecinde yaşanan sorunlar en aza indirilebilir.
Arqueología de la fortificación del Pirineo en Navarra
Authors: Zuazúa Wegener Nicolás , Arteta Irujo Eduardo , Zuza Astiz Carlos
Published: December 2020

El artículo se centra en mostrar el avance en la investigación a nivel documental, arqueológico y de fuentes directas de las obras de fortificación del Pirineo. Además de hacer un breve estado de la cuestión, se describen y diferencian las dos principales fases de desarrollo de la misma, a través del análisis de las obras llevadas a cabo en el valle de Baztan y en el área de Auritz/Burguete y Orreaga/Roncesvalles. Un segundo punto analiza el impacto socioeconómico de su construcción y de las consecuencias de la situación fronteriza, centrado en el área de Auritz/Burguete, con especial énfasis en su reflejo en la documentación, tanto del Archivo General Militar de Ávila como del Archivo Municipal de Auritz/Burguete.
Censos y ganados en Antioquia (Nuevo Reino de Granada)
Authors: Gómez Gómez Mauricio Alejandro
Published: December 2020

Este artículo estudia la historia social de los ganados y sus dueños en Antioquia a finales del siglo xviii. La fuente son los censos ordenados por el visitador Juan Antonio Mon y Velarde entre 1786 y 1787. Elanálisis cuantitativo contrastado con registros cualitativos como visitas, mortuorias y pleitos, permitió reconocer vínculos entre la posesión de ciertos ganados, el nivel socio-económico y las formas de distinción y exclusión social. La historia de los animales domésticos nos cuenta aspectos desconocidos de sus dueños, sus aspiraciones, simbolismos, preferencias y condiciones de vida.
Experimental Analysis of a Grinding Wheel by Increasing Multiple Passes in Dressing
Authors: Kadar Mohammed Abdul , J Elanchezhian , S Kalaimagal
Published: December 2020

When sharpness of grinding wheel becomes dull, a dressing is an operation performed because of glazing and loading, dulled grains and chips are removed (crushed or fallen) with a proper dressing tool to make sharp cutting edges and simultaneously, make recesses for chips by properly extruding to grain cutting edges. The basic dressing operation consists of removal of grains and swarfloaded, generation and exposure of the new cutting edges on the cutting surface of the grinding wheel. The former is obtained by digging out the swarf and the latter is achieved by fracturing the existing abrasive grains and allowing desired protrusion of abrasive particles on the cutting surface. Both of the above operations are carried out using a diamond dresser (3 carat). A part of this work focuses on finding the optimum dressing parameters (depth of cut of the dresser and the number of passes) which gives optimum cutting condition for grinding using conventional method of grinding using diamond dresser, Water Jet Machine and Abrasive Water Jet Machine. The trial run on the conventional machine with different parameters was performed. The results obtained prove the possibility of using directly in the industrial practices.
Unveiling the Effects of Foreign Exchange Interventions
Authors: Poghosyan Tigran
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes determinants and consequences of FX interventions in the Kyrgyz Republic. Most of the literature on the topic focuses on advanced and emerging economies and this paper provides new evidence from a low-income country. We find that FX interventions take place in response to movements in the exchange rate and its volatility. There is also evidence of “leaning against the wind”, which is more pronounced for relatively larger FX sales and purchases. The “leaning against the wind” is asymmetric toward FX sales and largely reflects leaning against depreciation of domestic currency. We document a varying degree of de-facto exchange rate stability despite the de-jure floating exchange rate regime. During most of the sample, the exchange rate management index was relatively low in line with the floating exchange rate regime, with the exception of the period from 2018 Q4 until the COVID-19 shock, during which the exchange rate management index was relatively high.
Spain
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic will exacerbate Spain’s already large inclusion gap. Responding in the
recovery with policies that support social objectives should be a key priority and calls for several
structural changes. This paper summarizes some of the main drivers behind the social dispersion,
which pre-dates the COVID-19 crisis, and policy options. The focus is on how to address the
fragmented labor market, tackle pressures on rental-housing affordability, and lower the gender pay
gap.1, 2
Statement by the Managing Director on the Independent Evaluation Office Report on IMF Collaboration with the World Bank on Macro-Structural Issues; June 15, 2020
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office
Published: December 2020

Statement by the Managing Director on the Independent Evaluation Office Report on IMF Collaboration with the World Bank on Macro-Structural Issues
PENGARUH MOTIVASI, KEMAMPUAN DAN KESEMPATAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH NANGA PINOH KABUPATEN MELAWI
Authors: Fadli Mochammad Faisal
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of motivation, ability and opportunities of employee performance in the general hospital of Nanga Pinoh Melawi District. The number of respondents was 63 respondents. The instrument used for data collection was in the form of a Likert scale questionnaire. This study uses a descriptive method in the form of a survey that is a method that aims to describe the nature of something that is ongoing at the time of the research and examine the causes of a particular symptom Based on data processing using regression analysis, ability variable has a significant positive effect on employee performance. Opportunity variable has a significant positive effect on employee performance. Motivational variables have a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Nanga Pinoh District General Hospital, Melawi Regency. The coefficient of determination is 0.732. It appears that the ability of the independent variable (Ability, Opportunity and Motivation) in explaining the variance of the variable (Performance) is 73.2% and there are 26.8% variance of the dependent variable that has not been able to be explained by the independent variable in this research model.
PENGARUH KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASI PEGAWAI SEKOLAH BINA BHAKTI KUBU
Authors: Barata Juliahir
Published: December 2020

Background the research is to various assessment empirical and the phenomenon of emotional intelligence and compensation and their influence on commitment organization employees in bina bhakti school, kubu raya. Methods used in this research is quantitative model with a multiple linear regression. The subject of this research is school office bina bhakti kubu raya 31 which consisted of people. Data collection techniques is using a questioner, observation and interview. Collected data has been will analyzed by the statistics to determine the level of influence between variables free on variables bound. Based on the regression, the can be made conclusion as follows: 1) There are significant influence between variables emotional intelligence to commitment on organization of employees in Bina bhakti kubu raya as much as 98,52%; 2) There are significant influence between variables compensation to commitment on organization of employees in Bina bhakti kubu raya as much as 98,96%; 3) There are significant influence between variables emotional intelligence and  compensation to commitment on organization of employees in Bina bhakti kubu raya as much as 99,20%.
ANALISIS PERATAAN LABA, PROFITABILITAS DAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PT KALBE FARMA TBK
Authors: Maulina Fera
Published: December 2020

Financial report describe the financial condition and results of operations of a company at a certain time or period of time. The writer analyzes PT Kalbe Farma's financial report by looking at Income Smoothing, Profit Margin Ratio, Return On Assets, Return On Equity, Basic Earning Power, Dividend Yield, Dividend Payout Ratio, Price Earning Ratio, and Market to Book Value Ratio. In this study, the writer uses quantitative analysis data with descriptive method. The data used is secondary data that is obtained from the financial report of PT Kalbe Farma Tbk, documentation studies, and literature studies in data collection techniques. The results of this study show that the Eckel Index at PT Kalbe Farma Tbk is 0.9481, which means that PT Kalbe Farma Tbk Company belongs to the category of companies that practice income smoothing. Profitability at PT Kalbe Farma Tbk shows that the performance of the company PT Kalbe Farma Tbk is not good because it has decreased in 2013-2015. In 2016, the company began to increase company performance which can be seen from the increase in the value of profitability. The value of the Company at PT Kalbe Farma Tbk is good even though overall it experiences fluctuations every year.