bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIVÊNCIA DE MULHERES EM SITUAÇÃO DE PRISÃO QUANTO A ASSISTÊNCIA RECEBIDA NO CICLO GRAVÍDICO PUERPERAL
Authors: Dos Santos Hanna Paula da Silva , Gazineu Rebeca Cardoso , Bispo Tânia Christiane Ferreira
Published: October 2017

A população nacional carcerária feminina vem crescendo expressivamente, mas ainda nota-se que há uma ausência de políticas públicas efetivas a esta demanda. Dentro dessa população crescente de mulheres, muitas têm obtido a experiência de gestar e parir em situação prisional. O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender a vivência de mulheres em situação de prisão quanto à assistência recebida no ciclo gravídico puerperal. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de campo, de caráter qualitativo, no qual foram realizadas 06 entrevistas com mulheres que vivenciaram o ciclo gravídico puerperal em situação de prisão, em um complexo penitenciário da cidade de Salvador/BA. Por se tratar de um recorte de um projeto maior, já se encontrava aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética com parecer de número 346.920. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a experiência vivenciada pela população feminina em situação de prisão, quanto ao acompanhamento durante o ciclo gravídico puerperal dentro da instituição, demonstrou precariedade da assistência voltada para consultas médicas, transporte, alimentação e aporte de medicamentos. Já no âmbito hospitalar, revelou-se uma assistência efetiva, sem demonstração de discriminação, tendo maior acessibilidade de atendimento. Diante dessa perspectiva, torna-se indispensável à reavaliação da qualidade da assistência proporcionada a essas mulheres, durante o ciclo gravídico puerperal, garantindo um atendimento humanizado, assegurando a peculiaridade no processo do nascimento, preservando os seus direitos, sua autonomia e influenciando a participação ativa durante todo o período.
Human Rights in the EU’s Conditionality Policy Towards Enlargement Countries in the Western Balkans
Authors: Huszka Beáta , Körtvélyesi Zsolt
Published: October 2017

The special journal section in the present issue was inspired by FRAME (Fostering Human Rights Among European Policies), a large-scale EU FP7 research project that investigated the role of human rights, including a part that focused specifically on the EU’s enlargement conditionality towards the Western Balkans. The research gave a bird’s eye view on the situation of human rights in the Western Balkans, which allowed us to identify a number of challenges, such as the shallowness of reforms in the area of human rights and democracy in the whole region, or the short supply of in-depth case studies focusing on specific human rights.
Effects of earthquake on perinatal outcomes: A Chilean register-based study v1
Authors: K Palmeiro-Silva Yasna , Orellana Pelusa , Venegas Pia , Dobierzewska Aneta , Monteiro Lara , Varas-Godoy Manuel , Norwitz Errol , Rice Greg , Osorio Eduardo , E Illanes Sebastián
Published: October 2017

Background: Natural disasters increase the level population stress, including pregnant women, who can experience prenatal maternal stress, affecting to the fetus and trigger perinatal complications, such as low birth weight, smaller head circumference, etc. However, little is known about effects of earthquake on perinatal outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the effect of earthquake occurred on February 27, 2010 and perinatal outcomes of Chilean pregnant women, and to examine these effects by timing of exposure during pregnancy and newborn gender. Methods: A register-based study was performed using data collected from women who had a vaginal delivery in a large private health center in Santiago, Chile, during 2009 and 2010. The study population was categorized according to exposure to earthquake and timing during gestation. Primary perinatal outcomes were gestational age at birth, birth weight, length and head circumference. Analyses adjusted for gender, gestational age at exposure, parity, maternal age and income. Results: A total of 1,966 eligible vaginal deliveries occurred during 2009 and 2,110 in 2010. Birth weight was not affected by the trimester of exposure; however, length, head circumference and gestational age at birth were significantly different according to trimester of exposure and gender of newborn. In multivariable analysis, newborns were shorter by 2 mm, 5 mm and 4.5 mm, if they were exposed during their first, second and third trimester, respectively. Furthermore, newborns had a smaller head circumference by 1.2 mm and 1.5 mm if they were exposed during first and second trimester of gestation. Conclusion: In this cohort, exposure to the February 2010 earthquake resulted in earlier delivery and reduced length and head circumference in the offspring. This association varied according to trimester of exposure and fetal gender. Health workers should include exposed to high levels of stress associated with natural disasters when assessing pregnancy risk factors.
Reovirus Plaque Assay v1
Authors: Mainou Bernardo
Published: October 2017

Assay to obtain plaque forming units of mammalian orthoreovirus
Expanding the Scope of Sustainability Planning: Lessons from Stockholm’s Congestion Charging Policy
Authors: Olsson Amy Rader , Davis Diane E.
Published: October 2017

In 2007, after years of unresolved debate, the Swedish parliament approved a congestion charge for Stockholm applied to cars crossing the city’s inner boundary. Since its introduction, congestion charging has led to an even more lasting reduction of car trips to the city center, in part because the policy generates revenues for financing new subway extensions and uses these same resources as the basis for negotiating new transit oriented housing in subway extension areas. As such, congestion charging is arguably as much a sustainable housing solution as it is a narrowly defined transit policy for reducing automobile congestion or pollution. This article investigates how and why Stockholm, despite considerable political conflict, technical complexity and negative public opinion, was able to turn a long-standing and controversial debate over moderating automobile traffic via tolls into widespread support for a national congestion tax, which itself laid the groundwork for a more expansive sustainability agenda. It further suggests that only when congestion charging was strategically reframed and widely recognized as addressing the concerns of multiple and competing constituencies, did efforts for its adoption translate into larger sustainability gains.
Evolving the Evolving: Territory, Place and Rewilding in the California Delta
Authors: Milligan Brett , Kraus-Polk Alejo
Published: October 2017

Current planning and legislation in California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta call for the large-scale ecological restoration of aquatic and terrestrial habitats. These ecological mandates have emerged in response to the region’s infrastructural transformation and the Delta’s predominant use as the central logistical hub in the state’s vast water conveyance network. Restoration is an attempt to recover what was externalized by the logic and abstractions of this logistical infrastructure. However, based on findings from our research, which examined how people are using restored and naturalized landscapes in the Delta and how these landscapes are currently planned for, we argue that as mitigatory response, restoration planning continues some of the same spatial abstractions and inequities by failing to account for the Delta as an urbanized, cultural and unique place. In interpreting how these conditions have come to be, we give attention to a pluralistic landscape approach and a coevolutionary reading of planning, policy, science and landscapes to discuss the conservation challenges presented by “Delta as an Evolving Place”. We suggest that for rewilding efforts to be successful in the Delta, a range of proactive, opportunistic, grounded and participatory tactics will be required to shift towards a more socio-ecological approach.
The Representations of Women, Survivors of Violence, about Socio-psychological Support of Relatives
Authors: Karas I. , Borovikova A. , Babadzhanova-Pavlova A.
Published: October 2017

The article is devoted to the description and discussion of the research results about the features of women’s representations, survivors of violence, towards the socio-psychological support of relatives. The article is devoted to the description and discussion of the research results of the features of the representations of women survivors of violence about the social and psychological support of relatives. The following techniques were used for study the representations: semi-structured interview developed by the authors; “Typical Family Condition” technique by EH.G. Eidemiller, V.V. Yustitskis; “Analysis of family anxiety” inventory by EH.G. Eidemiller, V.V. Yustitskis. The study involved 186 women from 16 to 40 years old. Experimental sample was divided into two different groups: first group was consisted of women survivors of violence (96 respondents), second group was represented by women who were not subjected to any violence (90 respondents). The study revealed that representations of women survivors of violence about socio-psychological support of relatives are negative. Women that were subjected to violence are much more likely to experience family-conditioned anxiety, mental stress, feeling of helplessness, guilt. Statistically significant differences between two groups of women were found (φ*emp >φ*cr 0,01). Based on the findings, it is concluded that close relatives of victims of violence are unable to provide effective social and psychological support to members of their families who have been subjected to violence.
Application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in Assessment of Integrated Rehabilitation of Disabled People
Authors: Lorer V. , Zhukova T.
Published: October 2017

The article presents the possibility of applying the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in assessing the rehabilitation process in the conditions of the regional center for the social rehabilitation of disabled people and disabled children. Step-by-step algorithm for evaluating the process of integrated rehabilitation is shown on the example of a single case of a disabled working age with consequences of acute cerebral circulation disorder: 1) assessment of the needs and problems of the client; 2) planning of rehabilitation interventions; 3) implementation of rehabilitation measures; and 4) evaluation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures. To assess the functioning of the client, standardized methods and scales were used with subsequent translation of the results into the ICF category. On the basis of quantitative data, the functional profile of the client was displayed, which showed the degree of impairment of the body's functions, activity limitations and the possibility of the client's participation in a certain time period. The functional profile was used as a basis for planning and conducting rehabilitation activities. The final evaluation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation was given on the basis of a comparison of the results achieved in the implementation of rehabilitation goals with the initial parameters according to the main categories of restrictions on the activity and participation of the client.
Feminicidio, impunidad o seguridad jurídica en la política criminal colombiana
Authors: Cuervo Echeverri Viviana
Published: October 2017

El presente artículo, resultado de investigación, puntualiza de forma clara, las subreglas que en Colombia se han determinado a través de la creación de un delito autónomo, denominado por el legislador como Feminicidio, que expresa una garantía a una problemática social en la cual, los delitos contra la mujer se han recrudecido y derivan en conductas punibles como el homicidio y las tentativas. Por tal motivo se indica, que, si bien es cierto, se considera un delito autónomo, se ha investigado acerca de su pertinencia, para obtener una certeza acerca de fenómenos como la impunidad o la verdadera seguridad jurídica, por tanto, se han planteado preguntas, objetivos, desarrollos temáticos y otros elementos que permiten discurrir sobre el tema de estudio
Los efectos de la prueba ilícita en Colombia: Caso miti – miti
Authors: Ibarra Suárez Karina Cecilia
Published: October 2017

El presente artículo contiene un estudio acerca de la prueba ilícita, partiendo del recuento de diversas teorías que se han manejado en el mundo a través de la historia, para centrarse en el manejo que se ha dado al tema de la prueba ilícita en Colombia, como Estado Social de Derecho, garante de derechos fundamentales de significativa importancia como el debido proceso. Se analiza y reflexiona acerca de un caso de trascendencia nacional como fue el denominado “miti- miti” generado por la interceptación de una comunicación telefónica entre dos ex ministros, quienes pretendían adjudicar unas radiofrecuencias sonoras sin el cumplimiento de la normatividad vigente para dicho proceso, facilitando abordar con claridad lo relacionado con la exclusión de la prueba ilícita cuando se vulneren derechos fundamentales, así mismo la existencia de algunas excepciones a la hora de aplicar la regla de exclusión, haciendo énfasis en la Sentencia SU 159 de 2000 M.P: Dr. Manuel José Cepeda Espinosa.
Multiomics study of HepG2 cell line proteome
Authors: Poverennaya E.V. , Kiseleva O.I. , Ponomarenko E.A. , Naryzhny S.N. , Zgoda V.G. , Lisitsa A.V.
Published: October 2017

Current proteomic studies are generally focused on the most abundant proteoforms encoded by canonical nucleic sequences. Transcriptomic and proteomic data, accumulated in a variety of postgenome sources and coupled with state-of-art analytical technologies, allow to start the identification of aberrant (non-canonical) proteoforms. The main sources of aberrant proteoforms are alternative splicing, single nucleotide polymorphism, and post-translational modifications. The aim of this work was to estimate the heterogeneity of HepG2 proteome. We suggested multiomics approach, which combines transcriptomic (RNAseq) and proteomic (2DE-MS/MS) methods, as a promising strategy to explore the proteome.
Proteomic profiling of HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to skin damaging detergents
Authors: Rusanov A.L. , Petushkova N.A. , Poverennaya E.V. , Nakhod K.V. , Larina O.V. , Lisitsa A.V. , Luzgina N.G.
Published: October 2017

The effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (25 mg/ml) and Triton X-100 (12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml) on the HaCaT immortalized keratinocytes exposed to these surfactants for 48 h were studied. Using shotgun proteomics, a comparative analysis of the proteomic profiles of control and experimental cells after surfactants exposure was carried out. 260 common proteins were identified in control and experimental cells; 33 proteins were found in cells exposed to all three treatments, but not in control cells. These 33 proteins apparently reflect a nonspecific (universal) response of cells to toxic damage by the surfactants. These proteins are associated with activation of cell proliferation, changes in the functional activity of their ER and mitochondria, increased mRNA stability and activation of protein degradation processes in the cells. The possibility of using these proteins as a nonspecific parameter of cell response to cytotoxic damage is discussed. The mass spectrometry proteomics data (“raw”, “mgf” and “xml” files) have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifiers PXD007789 and PXD007776.
A bioinformatic pipeline for NGS data analysis and mutation calling in human solid tumors
Authors: Tsukanov K.Yu. , Krasnenko A.Yu. , Plakhina D.A. , Korostin D.O. , Churov A.V. , Druzhilovskaya O.S. , Rebrikov D.V. , Ilinsky V.V.
Published: October 2017

We aimed to develop a pipeline for the bioinformatic analysis and interpretation of NGS data and detection of a wide range of single-nucleotide somatic mutations within tumor DNA. Initially, the NGS reads were submitted to a quality control check by the Cutadapt program. Low-quality 3¢-nucleotides were removed. After that the reads were mapped to the reference genome hg19 (GRCh37.p13) by BWA. The SAMtools program was used for exclusion of duplicates. MuTect was used for SNV calling. The functional effect of SNVs was evaluated using the algorithm, including annotation and evaluation of SNV pathogenicity by SnpEff and analysis of such databases as COSMIC, dbNSFP, Clinvar, and OMIM. The effect of SNV on the protein function was estimated by SIFT and PolyPhen2. Mutation frequencies were obtained from 1000 Genomes and ExAC projects, as well as from our own databases with frequency data. In order to evaluate the pipeline we used 18 breast cancer tumor biopsies. The MYbaits Onconome KL v1.5 Panel (“MYcroarray”) was used for targeted enrichment. NGS was performed on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. As a result, we identified alterations in BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, CDH1, CHEK2, TP53 genes that affected the sequence of encoded proteins. Our pipeline can be used for effective search and annotation of tumor SNVs. In this study, for the first time, we have tested this pipeline for NGS data analysis of samples from patients of the Russian population. However, further confirmation of efficiency and accuracy of the pipeline is required on NGS data from larger datasets as well as data from several types of solid tumors.
Computer methods of analysis of chromosome contacts in the cell nucleus based on sequencing technology data
Authors: Orlov Y.L. , Thierry O. , Bogomolov A.G. , Tsukanov A.V. , Kulakova E.V. , Galieva E.R. , Bragin A.O. , Li G.
Published: October 2017

The study spatial chromosome structure and chromosome folding in the interphase cell nucleus is an important challenge of world science. Detection of eukaryotic genome regions that physically interact with each other could be done by modern sequencing technologies. A basic method of chromosome folding by total sequencing of contacting DNA fragments is HI-C. Long-range chromosomal interactions play an important role in gene transcription and regulation. The study of chromosome interactions, 3D (three-dimensional) genome structure and its effect on gene transcription allows revealing fundamental biological processes from a viewpoint of structural regulation and are important for cancer research. The technique of chromatin immunoprecipitation and subsequent sequencing (ChIP-seq) make possible to determine binding sites of transcription factors that regulate expression of eukaryotic genes; genome transcription factors binding maps have been. The ChIA-PET technology allows exploring not only target protein binding sites, but also pairs of such sites on proximally located and interacting with each other chromosomes co-located in three-dimensional space of the cell nucleus. Here we discuss the principles of the construction of genomic maps and matrices of chromosome contacts according to ChIA-PET and Hi-C data that capture the chromosome conformation and overview existing software for 3D genome analysis including in house programs of gene location analysis in topological domains.
Diabetic foot ulcers: a review of current management
Authors: Khan Yasmee , M. Khan Manal , Raza Farooqui M.
Published: October 2017

Diabetic foot ulcers are a serious complication of diabetes mellitus which increases the patient morbidity and also have significant socioeconomic impact. The present review aims to summarize the causes and pathogenesis leading to diabetic foot ulcers, various classification systems and to focus on the current management of this significant and preventable health condition.
Weight bias among health care providers for children in UAE
Authors: M. Abdel Reheim Naguib , Gomaa Ramadan Ali Nehad , Khot Shaf , Vamegh Motahareh , Anwar Mohammad , Swilem Mamdouh
Published: October 2017

Background: This research looks at weight bias among healthcare providers for children in UAE.Methods: This study was done through self-administered questionnaire. Our targets were health care providers for children working in both governmental and private hospitals in UAE. 198 participants were enrolled in the study after exclusion of invalid questionnaires.Results: While 15.4% of healthcare professions in our study acknowledged practice of weight bias during care of obese children, 52.5% denied and 32.1% are not sure about it. 149 participants (76%) believed that failure of obesity management in children is attributed to their weak willpower and poor commitment. Compared with normal children, overweight/obese children are considered less complaint by 59% of our participants, less active by 78.2%, less willpower by 59.5%, less confident by 73.2% and less intelligent by 17.7%. Finally, 10% of our participants consider treatment of overweight/obesity is a waste of time.Conclusions: This study shows significant weight bias among healthcare profession which can occur unintentionally. Weight bias among health care providers affects the quality of medical care of obese children. Education, training and increasing awareness of weight bias among health care providers in UAE is an initial and essential step to decrease the risk of weight bias which is a significant barrier in management of childhood obesity.
Study of antibiotic resistance profiling of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens of the patients attending a tertiary teaching hospital from Chhattisgarh
Authors: Wankhade Archana Bhimrao , Panda Sanjibkumar , Hathiwala Riddhi , Keche Yogendra
Published: October 2017

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen causing wide spectrum of infections. It has tendency for the development of multidrug resistance thereby exposing the selection of appropriate treatment. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to find out the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various clinical samples in teaching tertiary hospital.Methods: Total 85 Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from clinical samples (pus, urine, sputum and blood) tested. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus was done by standard conventional microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by using disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines.Results: Staphylococcus aureus was isolated maximum from pus samples followed by urine samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed highest resistance against Penicillin (69%) and Erythromycin (51%) followed by Cotrimoxazole (50%) & Nitrofurantoin (50%). All the strains were sensitive to Vancomycin. Amongst the urine isolates all were sensitive to Norfloxacin. These percentages of sensitivities are characteristically higher in our study than the previous studies in the literature. In addition, out of 85 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 26 isolates showed sensitivity   to all antibiotics.Conclusions: From the present study we conclude that though the Staphylococcus aureus is usually having multidrug resistance pattern. So regular antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance is essential for area‐wise monitoring of the resistance patterns. This will be beneficial to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics and for better patient management.
Study of neck shaft angle of femur in population of Bihar
Authors: Sinha Rajiv Ranjan , Kumar Binod , Kumar Sanjay , Ratnesh Ruchi , Akhtar Md. Jawed , Fatima Nafees
Published: October 2017

Background: Neck shaft angle is the angle formed between the long axis of shaft and long axis of neck. Neck shaft angle of femur is an important parameter considering the biomechanics of hip joint. Neck shaft angle gives important information regarding race to which they belong. Normal neck shaft angle is in the range of 1200 -1400. Objective of the study was to find out the neck shaft angle of femur and correlate with the previous study.Methods: present study was conducted on 60 dry femur collected from different medical colleges of Bihar. The neck shaft angle was measured by Goniometer.Results: In this study the neck shaft angle of femur was 130.820, in male neck shaft angle of femur was 130.280 and in females it was 131.420.Conclusions: There is no significance difference between the male and female neck shaft angle. Orthopaedists use the normal range and mean of the neck shaft angle in diagnosis and treatment of the disease of hip. The angle is increased in poliomyelitis, congenital subluxation and dislocation of hip and decreased in congenital coxa vara.
Oxidative stress in ageing
Authors: K. A. Fasna , N. Geetha , Maliekkal Jean
Published: October 2017

Background: Ageing is characterized by a gradual decline in body functions and decreased ability to maintain homeostasis. The free radical theory of ageing proposed by Harman D states that ageing is a result of cumulative damage incurred by free radical reactions. Free radicals are highly reactive molecular species with unpaired electrons; generated in the body by several physiological processes. Prime target to free radical attack are the polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes causing lipid peroxidation. The free radicals are neutralized by the exogenous and endogenous antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress occurs when large number of free radicals are produced or the antioxidant activity is impaired. The present study is focused to find out the role of oxidative stress in ageing.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was undertaken to assess the oxidative stress in ageing; by determining the levels of lipid peroxidation product- malondialdehyde (MDA), the antioxidants- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ceruloplasmin in various age groups. 150 healthy subjects were selected randomly and categorised into three different age groups of 20-30 years, 40-59 years and 60-90 years; with 50 subjects in each group. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.Results: a significant elevation in serum MDA level and a decline in SOD were observed in 40-59 years and 60-90 years age groups. However, an elevated ceruloplasmin level was found in the above age groups.Conclusions: Aforementioned observations are suggestive of an association between oxidative stress and the progression of ageing process.
Intraoperative haemodynamic profile in patients undergoing lower limb and abdominal surgery under subarachnoid block using 0.5% hyperbaric levobupivacaine: an observational study
Authors: Singh Ajit Kumar , Gupta Maruti , S. Padmini H.
Published: October 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to detect if intrathecal hyperbaric Levobupivacaine provided anaesthesia with more stable hemodynamic profile than 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for lower limb and abdominal surgery.Methods: This observational study was carried out on 60 Adult patients between 18-65 Years of age, in ASA I and II undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Subarachnoid block using 3.0 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Levobupivacaine (15 mg) was used as anaesthesia for surgery. Vitals recorded first in operation theatre were taken as baseline and were compared with subsequent readings till closure to judge the fall in blood pressure. Frequencies of parameters falling more than 30% from baseline, amount of IV fluids, vasopressors administered and complications were recorded. The data collected was displayed as mean with a standard deviation and frequency with percentage. Statistical analysis was performed using in stat computer software.Results: On analysis of the data it was found that fall in hemodynamic parameters was significantly lower in the Levobupivacaine group. It was observed that maximum onset of motor block was after 5 minutes, VAS after 4 minutes and loss of pinprick sensation was achieved at T-4 level after 4 minutes. Haemodynamic complications, which required therapeutic interventions, were hypotension (5%), bradycardia (3%), a total of 8%, who required urgent intervention as vasopressors and inotropes.Conclusions: 0.5% Hyperbaric Levobupivacaine, has onset of action similar to other local anaesthetics used for subarachnoid block, but has better hemodynamic profile in comparison to Hyperbaric 0.5% Bupivacaine, the commonly used local anaesthetic agent used for Spinal Anaesthesia.
The prevalence of hypertension among young adults in a rural population of North India
Authors: Zafar Khwaja Saifullah , Ram Vidya Sagar , Kumar Manoj , Gupta Manish , Kumar Sushil , Verma Vivek Kumar , Singh Prafulla Kumar
Published: October 2017

Background: Most of the studies on hypertension provided the data on older age group. Most of the times, younger population remains unaddressed as they are assumed to be at a lower risk of developing the disease. So, the study on prevalence of hypertension among younger age group and their socio-demographic variables provides the guide for requirements of any intervention. Objective of present study is to estimate the prevalence of Hypertension among young adults in a rural population of central India.Methods: We collected data on socio-demographic characteristics and hypertension status from 1061 subjects aged 18–40 years. Relevant clinical parameters were collected (blood pressure recordings and anthropometric measurements).Results: Hypertension was detected in 188 of the 1061 subjects (17.7%). Prevalence among men was higher (18.8% compared to 15.2% among women). A total of 40.2% of the subjects was found to have pre-hypertension. Higher prevalence of hypertension was seen among those with a history of smoking.Conclusions: Most of the young adults with raised blood pressure were previously undiagnosed. A large number of subjects had prehypertension. Their early identification facilitates early, active management of blood pressure and formulation of preventive strategies thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and hypertension.
Association of thyroid status with hemoglobin levels in pregnancy
Authors: Baghel Manisha , Batra Jyoti , K. V. Thimmaraju , Itagappa Maliyanar
Published: October 2017

Background: The association of hemoglobin levels with thyroid status in pregnancy was not studied in detail. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the levels of hemoglobin, thyroid function and its association with hemoglobin levels in first trimester of pregnancy.Methods: Fifty pregnant women who didn’t start any supplementation were recruited from the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department. Fifty age matched controls were recruited from the residents and staff of the hospital.  Thyroid profile and hemoglobin levels were measured in both the groups. The association was seen between hemoglobin levels and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.Results: The hemoglobin levels are significantly low in first trimester pregnant women. Further, the increased TSH levels are negatively correlated with low hemoglobin levels.Conclusions: Screening of hemoglobin levels in first trimester itself will be beneficial to prevent the complications of pregnancy. Further, hypothyroidism also present and associated with reduced hemoglobin. So, early diagnosis of these deficiencies will be useful to start giving supplements to avoid unwanted effects in pregnancy.
CPAP compliance in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea from three centers in South India
Authors: Ninan Mathew , J. Balachandran
Published: October 2017

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep related breathing disorder, characterised by frequent interruptions of breathing during sleep resulting in arousals and a sympathetic overdrive. The most effective treatment for patients with significant sleep apnea has been a device which delivers positive pressure on the upper airway to act as a physiological splint thus preventing collapse of the upper airway (CPAP) to be used while sleeping. However patient compliance with CPAP use has always been a problem area. Many studies published show a compliance rate between 30% to 80% from different parts of the globe. We wanted to assess compliance with CPAP in our patient population.Methods: A retrospective telephonic interview of patients who had been diagnosed with moderate to severe OSAS from 3 centers in Kerala.Results: In present study we found a net compliance rate of only 14.7% and the primary reason for this high rate of non-compliance was the relatively high cost of the CPAP.Conclusions: The compliance with CPAP in our study was very low and the most cited reason was the cost of the device. In patients who brought the device the compliance rate was similar to studies from western countries. To increase compliance with CPAP in patients with OSAS may require innovative thinking to reduce the upfront cost of the device (e.g. renting or leasing devices, providing options for paying in instalments and also more importantly focussing on low cost devices (CPAP).
Impact of health education regarding menstrual hygiene on genitourinary tract morbidities: an intervention study among adolescent girl students in an urban slum
Authors: Pal Jayita , Ahmad Shamshad , Siva Arohita
Published: October 2017

Background: Menstruation and menstrual hygiene are still issues which are insufficiently recognized in Indian society and influenced by misconceptions and socio‐cultural restrictions. Adolescent girls become vulnerable to reproductive tract infections resulted from lack of knowledge and faulty practices regarding menstrual hygiene. The study aimed to assess the impact of health education programme regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of menstrual hygiene on genitourinary tract morbidities among adolescent girl students in a slum area of Kolkata.Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted in two Government secondary schools located in a slum area under Kolkata Municipal Corporation. The study consisted of three steps. First a baseline survey with the help of a pre designed pretested questionnaire was done to find out the socio-demographic information, existing knowledge, attitude and practice of menstrual hygiene of the students and presence of any genito-urinary tract morbidities was documented. This was followed by an intervention phase of 6 months during which weekly lecture and interactive classes were taken in the study school. Second step was reassessment of K.A.P of menstrual hygiene and documentation of related morbidities at post intervention. Third step was to follow them for another 3 months for final reassessment of the same.Results: There was statistically significant decrease in the genito-urinary tract morbidities with improvement of mean K.A.P score of menstrual hygiene in study school from the pre-test level to post-test level as compared to the control school. But there was a significant decline of mean menstrual hygiene score at follow up of 9 months in the study school depicting lack of sustainability of the heath educational programme.Conclusions: Sustained health education programme with regular reinforcement and active involvement of the mothers regarding menstrual hygiene can lead to better reproductive health of adolescents.
Morphometric study of acromion process in scapula of north Indian population
Authors: Singroha Ritu , Verma Usha , Malik Preeti , Kanta Rathee Suresh
Published: October 2017

Background: In scapula, the acromion process projects forwards almost at right angle from the lateral end of spine. Morphometry of the acromion process is an important factor in contributing to impingement syndrome of the shoulder joint.Methods: The study was performed at Department of Anatomy, PGIMS Rohtak on 50 pairs of human scapula, out of which 30 were males and 20 were females. The various parameters like length, width, thickness, coraco-acromial distance, acromio-glenoid distance and types of acromion process were recorded using vernier calipers. These parameters were compared in both sexes on both the sides.Results: Type-II Acromion i.e. Curved type was found to be most predominant. Statistically significant difference was noted in all the five parameters between males and females except Acromio-glenoid distance on right side.Conclusions: Knowledge of the morphometric parameters of acromion process is important for Orthopaedicians, Anthropologists and Anatomists.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in goiters: a tertiary centre experience
Authors: Manikantan Ganesh , Ravi Ragendu G. , Chisthi Meer M.
Published: October 2017

Background: Thyroid diseases are highly prevalent in India, especially in the southern states. Evaluation of thyroid pathologies revolves mainly on imaging and cytology. Recent advances in thyroid imaging have greatly improved the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in thyroid diseases. Though there are advanced modalities including Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasonography remains the cornerstone for the evaluation of thyroid gland, due to its ubiquitous availability and cost-effectiveness. The objectives of the study were to find out the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in thyroid swellings and to find out the most reliable diagnostic feature of thyroid malignancy in ultrasonography.Methods: This was an observational study, conducted on 71 patients admitted to the General surgical wards of Government Medical College, Trivandrum, with thyroid swellings, for a period of 18 months. For all these patients, ultrasound scan of the thyroid gland was done on an ultrasound machine with a 17/5 MHz linear transducer, by experienced faculty.Results: Ultrasonography was found to have a sensitivity of 87.2% and a specificity of 79.2% in diagnosing thyroid pathologies. The most common malignancy of thyroid found in the study was papillary carcinoma and the most reliable ultrasound finding suggestive of malignancy was microcalcification.Conclusions: As per the present study, it is concluded that high resolution ultrasonography is very useful in diagnosing the nature of thyroid swellings, with an accuracy rate of 84.5%. Ultrasonography is a valuable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of thyroid diseases and is the imaging modality of choice.
MR imaging of anterio cruciate ligament injuries
Authors: Chaudhari Nilesh H. , Bagga Rounak R. , Patni Zoya M.
Published: October 2017

Background: Of all the ligaments of the knee joint the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured. It is an important pillar of the ligament stabilization of knee joint preventing anterior translation of Tibia over Fibula. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent modality providing fine-resolution and multiplanar imaging without any radiation, for detection and evaluation of ACL injury with the associated injuries to other ligaments of the knee join. The purpose of the work was to study the role of MRI in classifying the ACL injuries.Methods: MRI Knee of 162 patients with ACL injuries was studied. All the MR imaging scans were performed on 1.5-T MR system (Siemens magnetom Essenza).Results: A total of 162 patients were studied in which majority of them i.e. 43 patients had interstitial sprain, 38 patients had complete tear, 33 patients had mucoid degeneration, 27 had partial tear and 14 had high grade partial tear, however 7 patients had normal ACL. There were associated injuries to the other ligaments of the knee joint along with ACL injury, medial meniscus tear being the most common and was seen in 39.50% followed by lateral meniscus tear in 9.87%, MCL tear in 6.79%, LCL tear in 1.85% and PCL tear in 2.46 %.Conclusions: MRI is a good modality for classifying ACL injury and evaluation of injuries to the associated ligaments.
Successful non-surgical management of all degree hemorrhoids
Authors: Mannan Ambreen , Maheshwari Tek Chnad , Soomro Suhail Ahmed
Published: October 2017

Background: To evaluate the patients with primary hemorrhoids after employing mainly the non-surgical treatment in all degree hemorrhoids.Methods: A prospective and descriptive study over three hundred and fifty (350) patients in four-year period. Concomitant anal fissure, anal fistula, secondary hemorrhoids, and recurrent hemorrhoids were excluded from the study.Results: Total 350 patients (age range-18-80 years). Female340 (97.14%) and male10 (2.58%) admitted in surgical OPD of three different hospitals during the period of Feb 2013- Jan 2017. All patients were thoroughly examined abdominally and per rectally and proctoscopied as well to rule out concomitant pelvic and perineal pathologies. All proctoscopic findings and treatment were done by single surgeon. Treatment of hemorrhoids was categorized into three types. Type I, conservative (fiber +oral lubricants + in jeer + micronized purified flavonoid fraction + sitz bath), type II, injection sclerotherapy & type III, surgery (open Hemorrhoidectomy). All degree hemorrhoids were first kept on conservative treatment and followed weekly for bleeding and hemorrhoid swelling. Only 38.57% required Injection sclerotherapy in cases where conservative treatment was failed, large hemorrhoid swelling (> 2cm size) seen on first proctoscopy and in cases where frequent fresh bleeding episodes found either on every 2nd-3rd day or every passage of stool. Strangulated bleeding hemorrhoids dealt with anal strapping, conservative treatment and later with injection sclerotherapy, which was given after resolution of bleeding and strangulation. Open hemorrhoidectomy was done in non-compliant and in patients with exclusive external hemorrhoids.Conclusions: Although conservative oral therapy has been given appreciating results but in adjunct with injection sclerotherapy the optimal results were promising.
Clinicopathological study of diabetic foot in Bundelkhand area with special reference to fungal infection in asymptomatic feet of diabetic patients
Authors: Mishra Mayank , Pratap Dinesh
Published: October 2017

Background: As with substantial increasing in incidence of diabetes mellitus in present century and with huge prevalence in population; the incidence of one of the dreadful complication of diabetes i.e. diabetic foot also increases, leading to increase morbidity and mortality. Fungal infection in foot is one of the underweighted cause of foot ulceration. These microulceration in conjunction with diabetes may leads to fulminant infection. The study comprised of 66 cases out of which 16 served as control. Aim and objectives of our study is to study the incidence of fungal infection in asymptomatic feet of diabetic patients, identification of the type of fungus, comparison with nondiabetics and clinicopathological study of the patients.Methods: The present study was carried at Department of Surgery, MLB. Medical College, Jhansi, the study group was classified into two groups. Control group; this group comprised of non-diabetic patients with foot lesions. Disease group; diabetic patients with foot lesions. Webs scrapings were inoculated in Sabouraud’s media slopes. Cultured media were examined after 3 days for the growth. Identification depends on colonial appearance and the morphology of the spores and by Gram, s and AFB Staining.Results: By this study we conclude that fungal infection in asymptomatic foot of diabetes patient are significantly more than non-diabetic patients which is accentuated by duration, type, glycaemic control and practice of bare foot walking which makes diabetic patient more prone for diabetic foot. So, the foot care of patients of diabetes should include the prophylactic steps to prevent fungal growth.Conclusions: By above study, we reasonably conclude that fungal infection in diabetic patients plays a pivotal role in formation of diabetic foot disease, so by eradication of fungal infection in asymptomatic foot of diabetic patient by general preventive methods and/or pharmacological methods may be beneficial in reducing morbidity and mortality in diabetic foot patients.
Congenital choledochal malformations in children: management strategies
Authors: Rawat Jiledar , Singh Sudhir , Chaubey Digamber
Published: October 2017

Background: A Congenital Choledochal Malformations (CCM) is common congenital defect of biliary tree in Asian subcontinent. Presentations of CCM are vague from asymptomatic to life threatening cholangitis or pancreatitis. Complete cyst excision and bilioenteric anastomosis is now accepted surgical treatment.Methods: This is a retrospective study of five years duration. In this study the clinical presentation, haematological, biochemical and radiological findings, operative procedure and outcome were studied from case records.Results: Total of 20 patients were studied, with clinical presentation of recurrent abdominal pain in eight cases, previous history of cholangitis in five cases, acute cholangitis two cases, biliary peritonitis in four cases and previous history of pancreatitis in one case. In 13 cases Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ) and in 4 cases hepaticoduodenostomy (HD) done after cyst excision. One case of type II CCM managed with only cyst excision, in two cases Lilly’s procedure, one case requires temporary external drainage and in two cases temporary internal drainage done in view on cholangitis and jaundice.Conclusions: However, the definitive treatment of CCM is complete cyst excision and bilioenteric anastomosis, though lot of other temporary majors are also required at different stages of disease.
Fistula in ano: open method compared to lift method ligation of intersphincteric fistula track
Authors: Potula Vigna Sai
Published: October 2017

Background: To compare fistula in ano open method with lift method ligation of intersphincteric fistula track.Methods: This is a prospective study which consisted of 70 patients suffering from fistula-in-ano who were admitted to surgery department. All patients above 18 years of age, cases of transsphincteric low anal fistula, maturation of tract were included in the study.Results: In this study, 60 patients were included totally, of which, 10 patients were excluded as 5 patients had tuberculosis, 2 had Crohn’s disease and 3 were excluded as they lost follow up. Hence, 50 patients were included in the study. 40 were males and 10 were females with a male to female ratio of 4:1 in this study. The average age of fistula in ano was 45.34±10.39 years. The incidence of fistula in ano was maximum in the age group of 46-55 years. The minimum incidence was in the age < 30 years. The most common primary fistula is intersphincteric track (46%), followed by transsphincteric track (42%). The most common type of fistula in ano patients was discharge from the tract which was in all patients, in others, perianal pain and bleeding was observed. Fistula in ano can be divided into low and high level of fistula. High level of fistula-in-ano was found in 64 % of patients and low level of fistula-in-ano was found in 36% of patients. Recurrence was seen in 6 patients with high suprasphincteric track who were ligated below the internal opening and 10 patients had a recurrence with transsphincteric track of which 6 were obese which made identifying the fistula track difficult.Conclusions: The LIFT procedure is advantageous as no chance of incontinence prevails as the infective focus is removed without dividing any part of sphincter complex, other advantages are that it is easy to learn, perform, safe, high healing rate, low morbidity and easily treat fistula in ano at primary health care level.
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
Authors: Jagtap Sunil V. , Gupta Sonal O. , Jokhi Cyrus Dara , Jagtap Swati S.
Published: October 2017

Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) are rare neoplasm of all astrocytic glial tumors, which occurs commonly in children and young adulthood. We present a case of 75-year male who presented with right side involuntary movements, unconsciousness and tongue bite. On radiological examination CT Scan Head (plain) showed well circumscribed isodense lesion measuring 7.2 x 5.6 x 4.8 cm at the temporoparietal region left side causing displacement of basal ganglia. On histopathological examination, diagnosed as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, of left temporoparietal region. We present this report for its presentation at late age, its clinical, radiological and histomorphological features.