bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Special Issue on Advanced Three-Dimensional Digital Geometry Processing
Authors: Nagai Yukie , Kanai Satoshi
Published: September 2024

Geometry processing is a software technology that facilitates the appropriate and efficient conversion and processing of digital geometric data, including sampled points, curves, surfaces, images, and volumetric data, based on the intended application. It is a versatile technology and is increasingly adopted in diverse fields that rely on digital technologies and for the popularization of digital transition. Geometry processing is based on a robust and extensive mathematical framework that has been extensively investigated. As the scope of potential applications expands, the practical applications of these theories have increased accordingly. Geometry processing is currently employed for shape acquisition, analysis, design, and inspection in various fields, such as manufacturing, social infrastructure, medicine, natural science, and art. As the range of applications expands, several issues have emerged that require further investigation, such as increasing the accuracy and managing large-scale data.

The objective of this special issue is to provide new insights into geometric-processing capabilities. This issue comprises five papers that present novel aspects of this technology and two comprehensive reviews pertaining to aesthetic curves and related topics, as well as the applications of X-ray computed tomography (CT) in manufacturing. The papers included in this issue are as follows:

- Aesthetic curves and related geometries

- Object recognition from laser-scanned point cloud

- CAD data compression via wavelet transform

- Application of structure-from-motion

- Image analysis using Delaunay graphs

- Surface extraction from X-ray CT scan data

- Automation of manufacturing using X-ray CT scanning

The data types and methods used for geometry processing are diverse and depend on the scenarios. In this issue, we present a diverse range of studies pertaining to geometry processing that encompasses both fundamental concepts and applied studies.

We are grateful to all the contributors, reviewers, and editorial staff for their dedication and support in realizing this issue.
Log-Aesthetic Curves and Similarity Geometry
Authors: Miura Kenjiro T. , Gobithaasan R. U.
Published: September 2024

This paper delves into the recent advancements of log-aesthetic curves (LAC), a family of curves for industrial design. Recently it has been redefined in the context of similarity geometry, a branch of Klein geometry. Building upon the work of Miura and Gobithaasan [1], the paper explores LAC properties, delves into the connection with similarity geometry (as detailed in Inoguchi et al. [2-5]), and examines extensions of LACs, including the σ-curve [6] and τ-curve [7].
Ceiling Equipment Extraction from TLS Point Clouds for Reflected Ceiling Plan Creation
Authors: Akiyama Riho , Date Hiroaki , Kanai Satoshi , Yasutake Kazushige
Published: September 2024

The reflected ceiling plan (RCP) is a two-dimensional drawing of facilities with ceiling equipment, such as lighting, fire alarms, sprinklers, and inspection holes. The RCP is often created from existing facilities for safety standard verification, renovation, and inspection. However, the creation of RCPs of large-scale facilities requires significant time and effort. In this study, a method for extracting ceiling equipment information from point clouds acquired using a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) was developed for RCP creation. The proposed method is based on footprint detection for ceiling equipment and involves three steps. First, circular and quadrilateral footprints of the ceiling equipment from point clouds of each scan are detected. Next, the footprints are merged for multiple scans and clustered using their dimensions and point distributions. Finally, the labels of pieces of equipment are interactively assigned to each cluster. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated for four facilities using TLS point clouds. The experimental results showed that the detection rates of footprints (recall) exceeded 90% within a scan distance of 6 m, and the labeling accuracy was also more than 90%. For 79 scans (point clouds) of a facility, the time for extracting 80% of equipment information for RCP creation was approximately 25 min, which corresponds to 2% of the manual RCP creation time of the facility. This demonstrates that the proposed method achieves efficient RCP creation.
Aigulak Focal Area as a Result of the Impact of the 2003 Chuya Earthquake on Gorny Altai
Authors: Emanov A.F. , Emanov A.A. , Novikov I.S. , Gladyshev E.A. , Fateev A.V. , Polyansky P.O. , Shevkunova E.V. , Ershov R.A. , Arapov V.V. , Krivov A.A.
Published: September 2024

—Years after the Chuya earthquake of 2003, geological structures adjacent to the focal area of the Chuya earthquake are still seismically active. The Aigulak focal area is one of them, but energetically the most pronounced. Detailed studies have been carried out with the network of stations of the Altai seismological testing site, supplemented by temporary stations. The region activated in the form of a local and compact structure measuring 10 × 10 km with focal depths from the first 100 m to 20 km. The focal area is not a subsequent activation along the same fault with the Chuya earthquake, but is located on a subparallel fault in the nodal region with its branching into three faults. The seismic activation of the Aigulak focal area is not an aftershock process after a major earthquake, but is an activated structure with a dynamically changing seismic process. An intensive process has formed since the earthquake in 2012 with ML = 6.1 with a gradual decrease in the number of earthquakes, and in 2019 the Aigulak earthquake with ML = 5.5 occurred with a very strong aftershock process after it. Our results of an area study of earthquake density in the focal zone indicate a change in the regime over time: from chaotic to self-organizing along short faults. We conclude that the focal area has not reached the maximum level of seismic energy release.
Zircon as an Indicator of Magmatic-Hydrothermal Transition in the Evolution of Rare Metal Pegmatite (using the example of the Kolmozero and Polmostundra lithium deposits, Kola Peninsula, Russia)
Authors: Levashova E.V. , Zozulya D.R. , Morozova L.N. , Skublov S.G. , Serov P.A.
Published: September 2024

—This paper describes a detailed mineralogical and geochemical study (using electron probe microanalysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry) of zircon from rare metal pegmatites of the Polmostundra and Kolmozero lithium deposits (Kola Peninsula, Arctic zone, Russia). The zircons studied here have several distinguishing features. Firstly, anomalously high lithium content (up to 327 ppm Li according to secondary ion mass spectrometry data). Secondly, high hafnium content (up to 39.21 wt.% of HfO2 according to electron probe microanalysis data). Thirdly, low Zr/Hf ratios (from 0.74 to 4.70). Fourthly, high content of volatile components (up to 5.98 wt.% of H2O, up to 0.65 wt.% of F, and up to 0.12 wt.% of Cl according to secondary ion mass spectrometry data). Finally, higher content of impurity elements, the main of which are Th, Ta, U, Nb, Ca, and P. It is revealed by the results obtained that the rare metal specificity of the composition of highly fractionated pegmatite melts of the Polmostundra and Kolmozero deposits, from which zircons crystallized, are the key indicator of the high degree of its fluid saturation. The extremely low values of the Zr/Hf ratio for zircons can be explained by the combined influence of fractionation of the initial granitic melt with the accumulation of Li in the residual melt at the final stage of the evolution of pegmatites and the role of fluids saturated with volatile elements. Zircon crystallization occurred at the magmatic stage of pegmatite formation, and zircon alterations occurred at the hydrothermal stage. The nature of the rare earth element distribution in zircons from the Polmostundra and Kolmozero deposits indicates that the formation of the central zones and margins of grains took place during the magmatic and the hydrothermal stage, respectively.
Predictors and Prognosis of Complete Atrioventricular Block in Patients with Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Yi Dong , Liu Li , Yan Pengfei , Xu Chengyi , Liu Daoquan , Song Dan , Yan Hua
Published: September 2024

Complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) in patients with acute myocarditis (AM) is rare and severe, with poor prognosis. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate clinical outcomes and explore predictors of CAVB in patients with AM. We identified patients diagnosed with AM at our hospital from January 2016 to December 2022 and compared the clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and clinical outcomes of these patients with and without CAVB. We also explored predictors of CAVB in AM patients using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 119 patients were diagnosed with AM, of which 15 (12.6%) were complicated by CAVB. There were no significant differences in most clinical characteristics between the two groups. Patients with CAVB were associated with more negative clinical outcomes and longer hospital stay compared with AM patients without CAVB, but all-cause mortality was similar between the two groups (p = 0.214). Preadmission loss of consciousness (LOC), right bundle branch block (RBBB), and admission serum lactate levels were independently associated with significant odds of developing CAVB (OR = 52.178, 66.177 and 2.886, respectively). The sensitivity was 93.3% and specificity was 75% in predicting the development of CAVB with combination of these three factors. AM patients complicated by CAVB have poorer clinical outcomes and a longer hospital stays. Preadmission LOC, RBBB, and admission serum lactate levels can independently predict the occurrence of CAVB in AM patients with high sensitivity and specificity.
Generalized tetanus complicated with Takotsubo-cardiomyopathy in a septuagenarian following a laceration injury with soil contamination – a case report
Authors: Bandapaati Sareesh , Islam Mazharul , Memon Usman , Navinan Rayno
Published: September 2024

Background
Tetanus is a clinical rarity due to the successful globally adopted childhood vaccination programme. The rising elderly population in the United Kingdom creates a subset of individuals whom are prone to develop Tetanus as they preceded this vaccination drive.
Case summary
A 76 year old Caucasian lady presented with a soil contaminated laceration injury on her knee following a fall. Though she received urgent assessment and wound care, the relevance of the injury in the backdrop of her age was not appreciated and her tetanus post exposure prophylaxis was overlooked. She readmitted seeking further management 1 week later with an infected wound with Trismus and clinical features favoring Generalized tetanus. During her stay she developed Takotsubo-cardiomyopathy with congestive cardiac failure and required prolonged care in the intensive unit with mechanical ventilation and rehabilitation before being discharged home.
Conclusion
First contact physicians should have a greater appreciation of the types of injuries and at-risk individuals who are more prone to develop tetanus upon exposure to ensure early and appropriate identification. There should be greater situational awareness with regard to the elderly in view of their heightened risk of development of tetanus specially those born before vaccination drive . Knowledge regarding post exposure prophylaxis measures for tetanus should be regularly updated using local guidance to ensure awareness, so as to despite its rarity Tetanus remains an adequately appreciated disease
Non-linear Relationship Between Arteriosclerosis Index and Diabetes Risk in Non-obese Adults: Evidence from the Large Cohort Study in Asian Countries
Authors: Cao Jun , Liu Jitong , Yu Ke , Huang Zhenhua , Lv Shunrong , Zeng Wenfei
Published: September 2024

Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between the arteriosclerosis index (AI) and future diabetes risk. However, evidence in non-obese populations is limited. This study investigates the AI’s relationship with future diabetes risk in non-obese Asian adults. This retrospective cohort study enrolled 95,402 non-obese adults from China and Japan. Participants had a mean age of 42.92 ± 12.24 years, with 51,295 (53.77%) being male. Median follow-up was 3.01 years. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between baseline AI and diabetes risk. Non-linear associations were explored using cubic splines and smoothed curves in Cox models. Sensitivity analyses were performed. After adjusting for covariates, a positive correlation was found between AI and diabetes risk in non-obese adults (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15, P = 0.0017). A non-linear relationship was identified, with an inflection point at 1.47. Below this point, HR was 5.87 (95% CI: 1.20-28.63, P = 0.0287); above, it was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02–1.13, P = 0.0115). Sensitivity analyses affirmed the robustness of these results.This study identifies a positive, non-linear association between the AI and diabetes risk in non-obese adults. Interventions targeting AI reduction could significantly lower the risk of future diabetes in this population.
People-Centered Metrics to Support HIV Service Delivery: Perceptions of Clients and Providers in Tete Province, Mozambique
Authors: Srih Shipra B , Insanally Sarah , Molla Yordanos , Haile Mignote , Fenn Melinda , Mungurere-Baker Josephine , Mompe Atlang , Scholl Ana Djapovic , Harris Emily
Published: September 2024

Achieving the global HIV/AIDS 95-95-95 targets requires monitoring clinical outcomes as well as the experience of people living with HIV (PLHIV). A qualitative exploratory study was conducted with program staff, providers, PLHIV and PLHIV advocates at two government HIV clinics in Tete Province, Mozambique. The purpose was to explore how newly developed, people-centered outcome metrics for HIV could be used in monitoring and improving the management and provision of care. Focus group discussions and 40 semi-structured interviews explored respondents’ perceptions of the acceptability, feasibility, integrability and relevance of the indicators. Respondents noted the importance of issues raised by these indicators—such as physical symptoms, mental and emotional problems, discrimination, lack of family support, financial burden, and satisfaction with HIV services—for improving the patient experience and health outcomes. PLHIV generally said they would share information on these issues with their clinician if asked, especially if it would help improve their care. Program staff and providers shared ideas about how they might use data on these issues to improve delivery of care, though they recognized that the capacity of program staff and existing clinic systems to address the broad range of individual and social issues recorded by these metrics was a major challenge. Results of this study point to the importance of continuing to pursue efforts to examine how integration of one or more of the people-centered metrics in routine HIV care and monitoring could lead to improved clinical outcomes and client quality of life.
Integrating Automated Writing Evaluation into EFL Writing Practice
Authors: ALSHEHRI MONA
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has positively impacted the development of writing skills, particularly automated writing evaluation (AWE). This study investigates the integration of AWE systems into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing for EFL university students. The study examines the experiences, evaluation, challenges and satisfaction of students. A mixed-methods design was employed with two stages, involving 154 EFL Arabic-speaking undergraduate students at a Saudi university. Data were collected using an online questionnaire in the first stage, semi-structured interviews, and samples of their EFL writing assignments before and after using AWE combined with reflective notes. The findings revealed that participants had little experience using AWE systems. However, they evaluated the usability and usefulness of AWE systems positively, noting that AWE improved their EFL lower-level writing skills, critical thinking, and autonomy while practising EFL writing. The results also showed that students using AWE did not face notable challenges regarding overreliance or cognitive overload and were highly satisfied with the system. The study further showed that using AWE enhanced self-evaluation, lifelong learning, and motivation to write in English. Finally, the study makes several recommendations to improve the policy and practice of EFL writing for policymakers, teachers, and researchers.
Role of galectin-3 in enhancing HBV replication and predicting hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanistic insights and clinical implications
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zeng Qingmin , Wu Dongbo , Tang Hong , Zhou Taoyou
Published: September 2024

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy globally, often associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a multifunctional β-galactoside-binding protein, has been implicated in liver diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of Gal-3 in HBV replication and hepatic inflammation and evaluate its potential as an early diagnostic biomarker for HCC.
Methods
An HBV replication model was established in HepG2 cells. The impact of Gal-3 on HBV DNA replication and the expressions of HBsAg and HBeAg were analyzed using quantitative PCR and ELISA. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the influence of Gal-3 on inflammatory signaling pathways. Serum levels of Gal-3 in patients with various liver diseases were measured by ELISA, and their correlation with liver inflammation markers was evaluated.
Results
In the HBV-replicating HepG2 cells, Gal-3 overexpression significantly increased HBV DNA replication, HBsAg, and HBeAg expression, while knockdown had the opposite effect. Gal-3 was involved in the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathway proteins, including NF-κB-p65, IL-1β, NLRP3, and caspase-1. Analysis of serum samples from patients revealed that Gal-3 levels were significantly elevated in various liver diseases compared to the control group, and there was a linear correlation between Gal-3 expression and clinical markers such as ALT, AST, and ALP. A diagnostic model incorporating Gal-3 and WBC was established, demonstrating superior predictive capability for HCC compared to AFP.
Conclusion
Gal-3 plays a crucial role in HBV replication and hepatic inflammation and its serum levels are closely associated with the severity of liver diseases. Moreover, Gal-3 shows promise as a diagnostic biomarker for early detection of HCC. Further research is needed to validate Gal-3's diagnostic potential and explore its suitability as a therapeutic target.
Hydrogen peroxide mediates melatonin-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber seedlings
Authors: Meng Linghao , Feng Yiqing , Zhao Meng , Jang Tingting , Bi Huangai , Ai Xizhen
Published: September 2024

Melatonin (MT) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are important endogenous signaling molecules that play multifaceted roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, the interactive mechanism by which MT and H2O2 regulate chilling tolerance remains unclear. Here we found that MT exhibited a positive regulatory effect on the chilling tolerance of cucumbers, with an optimum concentration of 100 µM. MT markedly enhanced RBOH1 mRNA expression, activity and endogenous H2O2 accumulation in cucumber seedlings. However, 1.0 mM H2O2 had no significant effect on mRNA levels of TDC and ASMT, the key genes for MT synthesis, and endogenous MT content. Both MT and H2O2 significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL) and chilling injury index (CI) by activating the antioxidant system, thereby alleviating chilling damage in cucumber seedlings. MT and H2O2 improved photosynthetic carbon assimilation, which was primarily attributed to an increase in activity, mRNA expression, and protein levels of RuBPCase and RCA. Meanwhile, MT and H2O2 induced the photoprotection for both PSII and PSI by enhancing the QA’s electron transport capacity and elevating protein levels of the photosystems. Moreover, MT and H2O2 significantly upregulated the expression of cold response genes. MT-induced chilling tolerance was attenuated by N’, N’-dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a H2O2 specific scavenger. Whereas, the MT synthesis inhibitor (p-chlorophenylalanine, p-CPA) did not influence H2O2-induced chilling tolerance. The positive regulation of MT on the antioxidant system, photosynthesis and cold response gene levels were significantly attenuated in RBOH1-RNAi plants compared with WT plants. These findings suggest that H2O2 may functions as a downstream signaling molecule in MT-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber plants.
The γ-secretase catalytic subunit PSEN1, regulated by YY1, promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression via the Notch1/EGFR pathway
Authors: Song Congkuan , Gao Minglang , He Ruyuan , Liu Yi , Wang Wenjie , Fu Tinglv , Li Boyang , Li Ning , Geng Qing
Published: September 2024

Backgroud: Serving as a pivotal catalytic component of the γ-secretase, PSEN1 is recognized for its significant influence on the initiation and advancement of tumors. Nevertheless, the specific function and the fundamental mechanisms by which PSEN1 contributes to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the role and regulation mechanism of PSEN1 in LUAD.
Methods: The expression of PSEN1 in LUAD tissues and cells was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The functional experiments in vitro and in vivo were used to investigate the effects of PSEN1 on LUAD progression. Bioinformatics analysis were used to initially identify the upstream transcription factors of PSEN1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to validate the potential transcription factors of PSEN1 in LUAD.
Results: This study revealed distinct differential expression patterns of PSEN1 in different human tissues as well as in pan-cancer. PSEN1 is genetically altered in human cancers at a low frequency of about 1.2% and the genomic alteration is dominated by Missense Mutation, with the types varying according to the cancer type. And this genomic alteration does not affect the survival of cancer patients. Additionally, we found that PSEN1 was over-expressed in LUAD tumor tissues and associated with poor prognosis. PSEN1 promoted the malignant behaviors of LUAD both in vitro and in vivo. PSEN1 activated the Notch1/EGFR pathway and promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in LUAD. Moreover, YY1 can directly bind to the promoter of the PSEN1 to promote its transcription to accelerate the progression of LUAD.
Conclusions: Our findings clarify that the YY1/PSEN1/Notch1/EGFR axis is associated with LUAD progression, and may provide new promising therapeutic targets for LUAD therapy.
Efficacy and safety of Huatan Qushi Huoxue Fang granules on obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Lihui , Liu Sutong , Zhao Qing , Liu Xiaoyan , Sun Xuehua , Wang Tao , Li Fenping , Ye Miaoqing , Liu Minghao , Zhao Wenxia
Published: September 2024

Background
The global burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is parallel to the increasing obesity rates around the world. Phlegm stasis syndrome is a common traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type of obese NAFLD, which is often treated by resolving phlegm, dispelling dampness, and promoting blood circulation. This study mainly explores the clinical efficacy and safety of Huatan Qushi Huoxue Fang (HTQSHXF) granules in the treatment of obese NAFLD.
Methods
This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that will recruit 248 obese NAFLD patients from three hospitals in China. Randomly allocate patients to either the HTQSHXF group or the placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention phase lasts for 12 weeks. The primary outcome will be the change in relative liver fat content from baseline to week 12 measured by Magnetic resonance proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). The secondary outcomes will be Body fat percentage (BFR), Waist to hip ratio (WHR), Body Mass Index (BMI), Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), Liver tiffness value (LSM), serum liver function, blood lipids, blood glucose, Free fatty acids (FFA), Cytokeratin 18-M30 (CK18-M30), and Cytokeratin 18-M65 (CK18-M65). The results will be monitored at baseline and 12 weeks of intervention. Adverse events that occur in this study will be promptly managed and recorded.
Discussion
This study will use more recognized quantitative methods to explore the efficacy and safety of HTQSHXF granules in treating obese NAFLD, providing clinical evidence for its translational application.
Trial registration
http://www.chictr.org.cn . Trial number: ChiCTR2200060901. Registered on 14 Jun 2022.
Analysis of the dimensional changes in bone grafts after maxillary sinus augmentation procedure.
Authors: Saminsky Michael , Peretz Dor , Slutzkey Gil , Raz Perry , Beitlitum Ilan
Published: September 2024

Purpose
During sinus augmentation, various bone graft substitutes and/or their combination are used. They have varying rates of remodeling and cause different volume changes in the grafted material. This study aimed to investigate the potential time-dependent dimensional changes in graft materials of xenografts and allografts placed using the layering technique, (xenograft placed close to the sinus membrane, while the bone allograft fills the remaining sinus cavity) following a maxillary sinus elevation procedure.
Methods
CBCT records were available for 16 patients referred for contralateral sinus augmentation and implant placement. In these cases, additional CBCT performed prior to the procedure revealed graft dimensional changes. Linear measurements of the augmented bone grafts were performed at three identical locations at two-time points. Linear regression, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's and Spearman’s correlations were used for statistical analysis. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
There was no statistically significant variation in the rate of dimensional change across the different evaluated locations in the augmented graft (p = 0.816). At the peak of augmentation, each additional month corresponded to a decrease of 1.556 mm2 (95% CI, -2.723 to -0.388) in the bone dimensions. The changes of the amount of bone filler material above the implant was related to gender (t= -2.167, p = 0.049) and implant diameter (t = 3.251, p = 0.012).
Conclusions
The combination of xenografts and allografts in maxillary sinus augmentation, applying layer technique, underwent dimensional changes over time and amounted to a 1.5mm2 reduction per month. More residual bone was observed among female patients and wider implant diameters.
WITHDRAWN: CPEB3 can regulate seizure susceptibility by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of STAT3 on NMDARs expression
Authors: You Zhipeng , Huang Cong , Wei Fan , Li Jiran , Liu Yang , Liu Xingan , Fan Zhijie , Gao Xiaoying , Sun Jiahang
Published: September 2024

Background
The pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex, and current antiepileptic drugs do not effectively control the seizures. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3) regulates neuronal excitability, but its mechanism of action in epilepsy is not clear. In this paper, we investigated the effect of CPEB3 on seizures and elucidated its underlying molecular mechanism.
Methods
Bioinformatics-based search for genes closely associated with epilepsy. Changes in expression and cellular localization of CPEB3 in epilepsy were verified by Western blotting (WB) and Immunofluorescence staining. Subsequently, The adeno-associated virus was employed to overexpress or Knockdown in mice. Behavioral experiments verified the effect of CPEB3 on epileptic phenotype, and the molecular mechanism of CPEB3 affecting epileptic phenotype was explored by WB, Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP).
Results
The results were that CPEB3 was downregulated epilepsy in model mice and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and co-expressed with neurons. Behavioral experiments have shown that CPEB3 negatively regulates seizure susceptibility and excitability. In addition, CPEB3 can also bind to the mRNA of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and inhibit its translation, resulting in lower levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3, reduced nuclear translocation of STAT3, and decreased STAT3-mediated transcriptional activity of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B, suppressing the expression of NMDAR subunits and attenuating epilepsy phenotype.
Conclusion
These findings confirm that CPEB3 can alter the excitability and susceptibility of epilepsy by inhibiting the translation of STAT3 and inhibiting its transcription to NMDAR. These results provide new ideas and therapeutic targets to treat epilepsy.
Successful perinatal management in pregnant women with R9 limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 27%: A case report
Authors: Xie Wenchi , Mei Jie
Published: September 2024

A 29-year-old patient with muscle weakness at 26 + 5 weeks of pregnancy was hospitalized for heart failure, and genetic testing revealed that she had R9 limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMDR9). Because LGMDR9 is associated with cardiac and respiratory dysfunction, to prevent further deterioration of cardiac function and muscle weakness, we promoted fetal lung maturation and performed an emergency cesarean section at 29 + 2 weeks. This case highlights the importance of choosing the right mode of delivery, timing of delivery, and early genetic testing for LGMDR9 patients.
In Search of a Characterisation of Frailty: Applying Exploratory Factor Analysis to Eldery Preoperative Patients
Authors: Miguel-Ruano Guillermo , Aymerich-De-Franceschi María , García-Aroca Miguel Ángel , Benitez Edgar , Pérez-Fernández Nicolás , Álvarez-Avello José Manuel
Published: September 2024

Background
Frailty is a useful prognostic concept which has spread to many clinical settings, including perioperative medicine. However, there is no consensus on its definition. This situation could impair its screening and the correction of underlying disturbances that have an influence on the clinical course of elderly patients.
Methods
In order to achieve a more precise characterisation of frailty, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the variables of eight frailty scales: Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Frail scale, Edmonton scale, Fried criteria, Robinson scale, Risk Analysis Index, the Frailty Index and the modified-Frailty Index. Later, a concordance study between the factors found in EFA and frailty according to the CFS (≥ 4 points) was conducted. 109 preoperative patients aged 65 years or older (60% men) were included, and data were collected from medical history, physical and laboratory tests. Our aim was to explain the covariance of frailty-related variables by identifying the factors that influenced them and to investigate whether these factors were related to frailty.
Results
Three factors were found, each relating to a different set of variables: F1 representing comorbidities; F2 being an aggregated of disturbances in physical activity, cognitive status and anaemia; and F3 portraying alterations of the emotional sphere. The concordance study showed a strong association of F2 with frailty: adjusted OR 3.65 (95% CI 1.57 to 8.53). F3 presented a milder relationship: OR 2.54 (95% CI 1.28 to 5.02). No association of F1 with frailty was found: OR 1.15 (95% CI 0.58 to 2.26).
Conclusions
In our quest to characterise frailty, we found that this is best described by an aggregate of reduction in physical activity, impairment in cognitive status and anaemia, while comorbidities are not associated to it. This could support the phenotypic model against other paradigms.
Fecal microbiome predicts treatment response after the initiation of semaglutide or empagliflozin uptake
Authors: Klemets Annabel , Reppo Ingrid , Krigul Kertu Liis , Volke Vallo , Aasmets Oliver , Org Elin
Published: September 2024

The gut microbiome has been shown to be affected by the use of many human-targeted medications, and the interaction can be bidirectional. This has been clearly demonstrated for type 2 diabetes medications that have been in clinical use for several decades. However, the bidirectional effects of novel type 2 diabetes drugs semaglutide, empagliflozin, and the gut microbiome have yet to be clearly described. Considering this, we investigate the effect of semaglutide and empagliflozin initiation on the gut microbiome of type 2 diabetes patients. In addition, we analyze whether the pre-treatment gut microbiome can predict the treatment efficacy.
In the study, patients with type 2 diabetes donated gut microbiome fecal samples at four timepoints (Baseline, Month 1, Month 3; Month 12) that were studied using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and analysis. Subjects additionally donated plasma and urine samples for quantitative measurement of clinical markers before treatment initiation and at Months 3 and 12. Repeated measures ANOVA paired with paired t-tests were used to analyze the effects of drug initiation on the gut microbiome. Pearson correlation was used to identify microbial features associated with the change in clinical parameters.
First, semaglutide and empagliflozin use is associated with changes in the gut microbiome after treatment initiation, but changes in microbial diversity were not detected. Moreover, the baseline gut microbiome predicted changes in glycohemoglobin for semaglutide and empagliflozin users.
Based on the results, our findings suggest that semaglutide and empagliflozin impact the gut microbial community during treatment. In addition, the baseline gut microbiome can predict semaglutide treatment effects.
Adiabatic Compressibility of Different Water Samples With Temperature Variations (281 K to 303k) – a Pilot Study
Authors: Ghildyal Divya , Chaudhary Manisha
Published: September 2024

The present work highlights the study of effect of temperature variation between (281–303 K) on ultrasonic velocity and adiabatic compressibility for three different water samples, tap water (TDS = 1060), RO water (TDS = 74) and distilled water (TDS = 06). Other factors analysed along with temperature variation and TDS (Total Dissolved Salts) were density and refractive index. All three water samples showed variations from usual trend in specific temperature ranges. Ultrasonic velocity showed a minor increase in tap water between (285–288K), instead of decreasing, similarly for RO water ultrasonic velocity varied as per comparison with literature review in the range (291–294K), and for distilled water ultrasonic velocity showed small variations between (286–287K). Density of the three water samples under study, showed a uniform decline with increase in temperature, highest value was observed for tap water 1000.716 kg/m3 and lowest for distilled water 995.706kg/m3. Regression Statistics yielded positive results for correlation between TDS and adiabatic compressibility for Tap water. Further studies on compressibility of water with varying salts, could pave way for new applications in hydraulics and shock absorption equipment’s.
Are Novice Resident Physicians Capable of Executing Freehand Cognitive Fusion Transperineal Prostate Biopsies ?
Authors: Guo Yize , Li Bin , Yan Yongchao , Ding Xuemei , Li Yanjiang , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2024

Background
The study aimed to evaluate the differences in prostate cancer (PCa) detection rates between novice and experienced resident physicians using free-hand cognitive fusion transperineal prostate biopsy (fTP-Bx) through propensity score matching (PSM).
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients who underwent fTP-Bx procedures. The needle biopsies were performed by two groups of surgical doctors with varying levels of prostate biopsy experience (Novice Group and Experienced Group) between March 1, 2023, and March 1, 2024. The PSM method was employed to compare the differences in cancer detection-related parameters between various groups of differing prostate biopsy experience levels.
Results
In total, 398 patients were included in the study, with 196 in the Experienced Group and 202 in the Novice Group. Prior to PSM, significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of operation duration (p = 0.014) and multiparametric MRI results (mpMRI, p = 0.009). However, after adjusting for confounding factors through PSM, there were no differences in the absolute number of cores involved, percentage of cores involved, clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection rates, and overall PCa detection rates between the different prostate biopsy experience groups. Despite potential variations in operation duration related to different levels of needle biopsy experience, there were no distinctions observed between novice and experienced doctors in terms of prostate cancer detection, particularly concerning csPCa.
Conclusions
Novice resident physicians have the ability to complete qualified fTP-Bx.
Optical Extreme Learning Machine classifier using speckles with engineered statistics
Authors: Barboza Allan , de Paula Amanda , Oriá Marcos , Chevrollier Martine
Published: September 2024

The growing need for fast and efficient processing by Machine Learning algorithms in the face of the exponential increase in data in various areas of activity has driven the search for innovative solutions. A promising approach is the use of light, to take advantage of increased parallelism, large bandwidths and low energy consumption inherent to optical methods. In this context, we present here a hybrid optical-electronic classifier that employs speckles designed to generate on-demand intensity distributions, following normal or non-normal statistics as needed. Using the Extreme Learning Machine technique, the system is trained to recognize image properties encoded in speckle patterns. In numerical simulations as well as in experiments, we observed a significant variation in image classification accuracy when transitioning from normal to non-normal regime. The results show satisfactory performance of the system for handwritten digit recognition.
Usefulness of Hepatic CT Attenuation Values in Assessment of Fontan-Associated Liver Disease Progression: A Comparative Study with MELD-XI Scores
Authors: Kugo Yosuke , Kido Takashi , Watanabe Takuji , Hasegawa Moyu , Nagashima Toshiaki , Taira Masaki , Yoshioka Daisuke , Shimamura Kazuo , Miyagawa Shigeru
Published: September 2024

Background
Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) leads to liver cirrhosis and carcinoma, worsening patient prognosis. While the Model of End-Stage Liver Disease Excluding INR (MELD-XI) score correlates with FALD severity, precise prediction methods remain elusive. The hepatic computed tomography (CT) attenuation is used to assess steatohepatitis, which may offer insight into FALD progression. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of hepatic CT attenuation values in assessing FALD progression.
Methods
All data of post-Fontan patients at our institution between 1980 and 2021 were reviewed. Patients with postoperative abdominal CT data followed up for > 20 years postoperatively were included. We set five regions of interest with a 20-mm-diameter circle in the peripheral region of the liver to obtain minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation (SD) of the liver CT attenuation values. The values were indexed by that of the aorta (aVMIN, aVMAX, and aVMEAN). The impact of liver CT attenuation values on cirrhosis development diagnosed by liver biopsy was evaluated.
Results
In total, 30 patients were included, 9 of whom developed cirrhosis. In the Cox regression model, significantly associated factors for cirrhosis were aVMIN, aVMAX, SD, and MELD-XI scores. aVMIN and SD were correlated with concomitant MELD-XI scores. In cirrhosis patients, aVMIN and SD showed longitudinal alteration before cirrhosis, while MELD-XI scores remained stable.
Conclusion
The hepatic CT attenuation values were associated with cirrhosis development. Changes in the hepatic CT attenuation are more sensitive to FALD progression than the MELD-XI score.
The impact of kidney disease on peri-operative outcomes of novel BPH surgeries across the board: A propensity score matched analysis using the ACS-NSQIP database
Authors: Nasrallah Oussama G. , Herrera Maya T. , Heidar Nassib F. Abou , Mahdi Jana H. , Nasr Rami W.
Published: September 2024

Background:
To assess the effect of novel surgical techniques (Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (LEP) and Laser Vaporization of the Prostate (LVP)) compared to Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP), on post-operative outcomes stratified based on kidney function.
Methods:
The ACS-NSQIP database was reviewed from 2008-2021 for 83020 patients that underwent TURP, LEP, and LVP. Pre-operative variables were compared across kidney function groups: G1(normal/high function); G2-G3(mild/moderate kidney disease); and G4-G5(severe kidney disease). Multivariate logistic regression was performed on 30-day peri-operative complications adjusting for pre-operative variables. Propensity score matching was done between LEP and LVP to TURP.
Results:
In the G1 category, LEP showed significant protective effect against UTI (OR=0.59[0.41-0.84]), shorter hospital stay (OR= 0.72[0.60-0.87]), and longer operative time (OR=5.29[4.50-6.22]). LVP had a significant protective effect against bleeding (OR=0.19[0.11-0.37]), shorter hospital stay (OR=0.18[0.16-0.20]), and decreased return to OR (OR=0.59[0.45-0.78]).
In the G2-G3 category, LEP showed significant protective effect against UTI (OR=0.65[0.50-0.83]), sepsis (OR=0.48[0.26-0.88]), shorter hospital stay (OR=0.64[0.56-0.71]), and longer operative time (OR=5.47[4.90-6.09]). LVP had significant protective effect against bleeding (OR=0.35[0.27-0.45]), shorter hospital stay (OR=0.24[0.23-0.26]), decreased return to OR (OR=0.71[0.60-0.85]), thromboembolic events (OR=0.64[0.42-0.97]), and shorter operative time (OR=0.95[0.90-0.99]).
In the G4-G5 category, LEP lost the protective effect against UTI and sepsis and had longer operative time (OR=5.29[3.02-9.26]). LVP had significant protective effect against cardiac complications (OR=0.27[0.07-0.97]), bleeding (OR=0.49[0.28-0.85]), and shorter hospital stay (OR=0.30[0.24-0.39]).
Conclusion:
LEP and LVP are superior to TURP in terms of post-operative complications. The type of endoscopic surgery technique should be tailored according to patient’s pre-operative kidney status and risk.
Comparison of W14 fastening system variants depending on clamping force
Authors: Chudyba Łukasz , Lisowicz Tomasz , Piech Piotr , Stanisławski Przemysław
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the impact of individual elements of the W14 fastening system on clamping force. The results of laboratory tests carried out in accordance with the applicable European standards of the PN-EN 13481 and PN-EN 13146 series are described synthetically.
Microangiopathy in temporal lobe epilepsy with diffusion MRI alterations and cognitive decline
Authors: Liu Joan , Binding Lawrence , Puntambekar Isha , Patodia Smriti , Lim Yau , Mrzyglod Alicja , Xiao Fenglai , Pan Shengning , Mito Remika , deTisi Jane , Duncan John S , Baxendale Sallie , Koepp Matthias , Thom Maria
Published: September 2024

White matter microvascular alterations in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) can influence local hemodynamics and are relevant to understanding acquired neurodegenerative processes and cognitive impairment associated with this condition. We quantified microvascular changes, myelin, axonal and glial/matrix labelling in the gyral core and deep temporal lobe white matter regions in surgical resections from 44 TLE patients with or without hippocampal sclerosis. We compared this pathology data with in-vivo MRI diffusion measurements in co-registered regions and neuropsychological measures of pre-operative cognitive impairment and decline. We observed increased arteriolosclerosis in TLE compared to controls (greater sclerotic index, p < 0.001) which was independent of age. Microvascular changes included increased vascular densities in some regions but uniformly reduced mean vascular size (COL4, p < 0.05 to 0.0001), and increased pericyte coverage of small vessels and capillaries particularly in deep white matter (PDGFRβ and SMA, p < 0.01) which was more marked the longer the epilepsy (p < 0.05). We noted increased glial numbers (Olig2, Iba1) but reduced myelin (MAG, PLP) in TLE compared to controls, particularly prominent in deep white matter. Gene expression analysis showed a greater reduction of myelination genes in HS than non-HS cases and with age and correlated with diffusion MRI alterations. Glial densities and vascular size were increased with increased MRI diffusivity and vascular density with Fixel-Based analysis white matter regions. Increased perivascular space associated with reduced fractional anisotropy as well as age-accelerated cognitive decline prior to surgery (p < 0.05). In summary, likely acquired microangiopathic changes in TLE, including vascular sclerosis, increased pericyte coverage and reduced small vessel size, may indicate a functional alteration in contractility of small vessels and haemodynamics that could impact on tissue perfusion. These morphological features are detectable in-vivo on white matter diffusion MRI and might explain cognitive decline in TLE.
Clinical efficacy of non-eugenol containing periodontal dressing with and without platelet-rich fibrin on wound healing after surgical gingival depigmentation: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hesham Aya , Nawawy Marwa , Moussa Mahmoud , Darhous Mona
Published: September 2024

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin on wound healing after surgical depigmentation
Methodology: Twenty-four patients with gingival pigmentation were recruited and randomly assigned to the control group; non-eugenol periodontal dressing only, or to the test group; L-PRF with periodontal dressing. Gingival depigmentation was done using a combination of scalpel and bur techniques and both groups were covered using periodontal dressing. The healing index, epithelization test and pigmentation recurrence were tested and compared.
Results: The healing index in the test group was 91.7% of the patients scored 4 (Very good) on the 5th day, while in the control group, 83.3% scored 2 (poor) on the 5th day and 16.7% were observed to have a score 3 (Good). The epithelization test was the most significant with 100% receiving a negative result in the test group after 5 days with 66.7% completely healed and 33.3% partially healed when compared to 100% of the control group having a positive score (no epithelization). The pigmentation recurrence after 6 months was observed in 66.7% in the test group while only 33.3% in the control group.
Conclusion: Using PRF after gingival depigmentation results in better wound healing when compared to using periodontal packs alone.