bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Surface Roughness in Surface Energy Calculation of Aggregate Minerals
Authors: Gao Yangming , Liu Xueyan , Ren Shisong , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Yuqing
Published: May 2023

Surface energy is a key material property and can work as a crucial parameter in various mechanical models to predict the moisture sensitivity and fatigue damage of asphalt mixtures. The calculated surface energy values of the aggregate minerals strongly depend on their surface roughness. Therefore, it is very relevant for accurate calculation of surface energy to study the relationship between roughness and surface energy. This study aims to investigate the relationship between surface roughness and surface energy of aggregate minerals. Two minerals—quartz and calcite—were used for this study. The surfaces of the mineral specimens were treated to achieve four levels of roughness. Their surface roughness was described by three roughness parameters. Based on the sessile drop method, an optical tensiometer with a 3D topography module was employed to measure the contact angle and the surface energy of the minerals with different roughness. The influences of surface roughness on the contact angle and the surface energy were then analyzed. The results showed that the contact angle for both quartz and calcite decreases with the increasing surface roughness when it is less than 90° and increases when it is greater than 90°. The Wenzel equation can remove the effect of surface roughness on the contact angles of the minerals. The surface energy of quartz and calcite in the presence of roughness at the microscale would be underestimated when using the measured (apparent) contact angle. The corrected surface energy based on the Wenzel equation must be applied to represent the real surface energy of the minerals.
Anterior Center-Edge Angle Is Less Reliable Than Anterior Wall Index to Predict Anterior Coverage of the Femoral Head
Authors: Slullitel Pablo A. , Holc Fernando , Buljubasich Martin , Latorre Marcos , Comba Fernando , Zanotti Gerardo , Marquesini Mauricio , Grammatopoulos George , Buttaro Martin A.
Published: May 2023

Background:

No consensus is available regarding which radiographic measurement most accurately correlates with anterior coverage of the femoral head.

Purpose:

(1) To determine the correlation between 2 measurements of anterior wall coverage: total anterior coverage (TAC) calculated from radiographs and equatorial anterior acetabular sector angle (eAASA) calculated from computed tomography (CT) scans; (2) to define the correlation between anterior center-edge angle (ACEA) and anterior wall index (AWI) with TAC and eAASA; and (3) to investigate what other radiographic metrics may help predict anterior coverage.

Study Design:

Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The authors retrospectively reviewed 77 hips (48 patients) for which radiographs and CT scans were obtained for reasons other than hip-related pain. Mean age of the population was 62 ± 22 years; 48 (62%) hips were from female patients. Two observers measured lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), AWI, Tönnis angle, ACEA, CT-based pelvic tilt, and CT-based acetabular version, with all Bland-Altman plots within 95% agreement. Correlation between intermethod measurements was estimated with a Pearson coefficient. Linear regression was used to test the ability of baseline radiographic measurements to predict both TAC and eAASA.

Results:

Pearson coefficients were r = 0.164 (ACEA vs TAC; P = .155), r = 0.170 (ACEA vs eAASA; P = .140), r = 0.58 (AWI vs TAC; P = .0001), and r = 0.693 (AWI vs eAASA; P < .0001). Multiple linear regression model 1 showed that AWI (β = 17.8; 95% CI, 5.7 to 29.9; P = .004), CT acetabular version (β = −0.45; 95% CI, −0.71 to −0.22; P = .001), and LCEA (β = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.47; P = .001) were useful to predict TAC. Multiple linear regression model 2 revealed that AWI (β = 25; 95% CI, 15.67 to 34.4; P = .001), CT acetabular version (β = −0.48; 95% CI, −0.67 to −0.29; P = .001), CT pelvic tilt (β = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.4; P = .001), and LCEA (β = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.3; P = .001) accurately predicted eAASA. Model-based estimates and 95% CIs using 2000 bootstrap samples from the original data were 6.16 to 28.6 for AWI in model 1 and 15.1 to 34.26 for AWI in model 2.

Conclusion:

There was a moderate to strong correlation between AWI and both TAC and eAASA, whereas ACEA correlated weakly with the former measurements, thus not being useful to quantify anterior acetabular coverage. Other variables such as LCEA, acetabular version, and pelvic tilt may also help predict anterior coverage in asymptomatic hips.
Cryopreserved Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Sheets: An Off-the-Shelf Scaffold for Augmenting Tendon-to-Bone Healing in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Song Wei , Zhang Dongliang , Wu Di , Zhong Lin , Zhu Qi , Bai Zhenlong , Yu Weilin , Wang Chongyang , He Yaohua
Published: May 2023

Background:

Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) sheets have been shown to promote tendon-to-bone healing. However, conventional laboratory preparation methods for ADSC sheets are time-consuming and risky, which precludes their diverse clinical applications.

Purpose:

To explore the utility of off-the-shelf cryopreserved ADSC sheets (c-ADSC sheets) for rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

The ADSC sheets were cryopreserved and thawed for live/dead double staining, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, scanning electron microscopy observation, and biomechanical testing. Clone formation, proliferative capacity, and multilineage differentiation of ADSCs within the c-ADSC sheets were assayed to explore the effect of cryopreservation on stem cell properties. A total of 67 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group (without supraspinatus tendon tears; n = 7), control group (repair alone; n = 20), fresh ADSC (f-ADSC) sheet group (repair; n = 20), and c-ADSC sheet group (repair; n = 20). Rabbit bilateral supraspinatus tendon tears were induced to establish a chronic rotator cuff tear model. Gross observation, micro–computed tomography analysis, histological or immunohistochemical tests, and biomechanical tests were conducted at 6 and 12 weeks after repair.

Results:

No significant impairment was seen in the cell viability, morphology, and mechanical properties of c-ADSC sheets when compared with f-ADSC sheets. The stem cell properties of ADSC sheets also were preserved by cryopreservation. At 6 and 12 weeks after the repair, the f-ADSC and c-ADSC sheet groups showed superior bone regeneration, higher histological scores, larger fibrocartilage areas, more mature collagen, and better biomechanical results compared with the control group. No obvious difference was seen between the f-ADSC and c-ADSC sheet groups in terms of bone regeneration, histological score, fibrocartilage formation, and biomechanical tests.

Conclusion:

c-ADSC sheets, an off-the-shelf scaffold with a high potential for clinical translational application, can effectively promote rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing.

Clinical Relevance:

Programmed cryopreservation of ADSC sheets is an efficient off-the-shelf scaffold for rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing.
Genealogy of Finance: Long-term History and Alternatives
Authors: Davis Ann E.
Published: May 2023

In periods of history with rapid social and economic change, it is useful to examine the long-term history of particular arrangements. Money is one of these institutions that seems eternal and unchanging, but that has changed dramatically over time. For example, money was typically conceived as coins made of precious metal and stamped with the image of the ruler. As long-distance trade expanded in the early modern period, money was represented by paper, most often letters of exchange among merchants who trusted one another because of common membership in a community. The emergence of the fiscal/military state enabled populations to have some role in the issue and uses of money, such as the Italian city-states of Republican form, like Florence and Venice. After the “Glorious Revolution” in 1688, the Bank of England (BOE) innovated with merchant monopoly corporations engaging in state-supported long-distance trade, the stock of which backed public debt. The political controversies surrounding the formation of the BOE reveal some of the alternative possibilities, a merchant-oriented bank, supported by the Whigs, or a land bank supported by the Tories. After the industrial revolution, the use of credit for real investment aided the accumulation of surplus, by the productivity treadmill. After the Great Depression, the extension of finance into the lives of the citizens proceeded, with debt financing for housing, education, and retirement, encompassing the entire life cycle. The dominance of the United States after World War II enabled that country to sustain a hegemonic currency, based on the expansion of trade and supply chains to Emerging Market Countries. Along with the tech bubble in the second decade of the twenty-first century, the crypto bubble expanded hopes for an alternative form of money.

Such a long-term history can be informed by analysis of the role of money as a symbol, mobilized by meanings enacted in human institutions. Such a view can provide a method of interpreting the long term evolution of money, restoring the political dimension and human agency to the abstract impersonal mechanical notion of the market. Such a perspective can better inform consideration of alternative institutions to accommodate challenges like geopolitical competition, war, and climate change.

JEL Classification: B51, B52, G20, N20, P48
Ten-Year Trends in Lithium Prescribing in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Shafiq Samreen , Ronksley Paul Everett , Scory Tayler Dawn , Elliott Meghan Jessica , Bulloch Andrew Gabriel McKay , Patten Scott Burton
Published: May 2023

Aims

Despite lithium's clinical efficacy, it is commonly thought that its use is declining. The objective of this study is to describe the new and prevalent lithium users as well as rates of discontinuation of lithium use over a 10-year period.

Methods

This study used provincial administrative health data from Alberta, Canada between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018. Lithium prescriptions were identified within the Pharmaceutical Information Network database. Total and subgroup specific frequencies of new and prevalent lithium use were determined over the 10-year study period. Lithium discontinuation was also estimated through survival analysis.

Results

Between the calendar years of 2009 and 2018, 580,873 lithium prescriptions were dispensed in Alberta to 14,008 patients. The total number of new and prevalent lithium users appears to be decreasing over the 10-year timeframe, although the decline may have stopped or reversed in the latter years of the study period. Prevalent use of lithium was lowest among individuals between the ages of 18–24 years while the highest number of prevalent users were in the 50–64 age group, particularly among females. New lithium use was lowest amongst those 65 years and older. More than 60% (8,636) of patients prescribed lithium, discontinued use during the study timeframe. Lithium users between ages of 18–24 years were at the highest risk of discontinuations.

Conclusions

Rather than a general decline in prescribing, trends in lithium use are dependent on age and sex. Further, the period soon after lithium initiation appears to be a key time period in which many lithium trials are abandoned. Detailed studies using primary data collection are needed to confirm and further explore these findings. These population-based results not only confirm a decline in lithium use, but also suggest that this may have stopped or even reversed. Population-based data on discontinuation pinpoint the period soon after initiation as the time when trials are most often discontinued.
Using CRA-I to Teach Fraction and Decimal Concepts to Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Flores Margaret M. , Hinton Vanessa M. , Schweck Kelly B.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the concrete-representational-abstract–integrated (CRA-I) sequence on students with learning disabilities’ performance when learning fraction and decimal concepts. Three elementary-level students in Grades 4 and 6 participated in a single-case multiple probe across behaviors study. The intervention involved explicit use of fraction blocks, coins, base ten blocks, number lines, pictures, and abstract symbols to teach unit fractions, fraction and decimal equivalence, addition of fractions with unlike denominators, and writing fractions as decimals. The researchers demonstrated a functional relation between CRA-I and three different behaviors related to fraction concepts: decreased error in estimating fraction magnitude, addition of unlike fractions, and writing fractions as decimals. The findings show promise in the use of CRA-I for teaching fraction concepts to students with learning disabilities.
The Experience of Parents of Children With Genetically Determined Leukoencephalopathies With the Health Care System: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Yazdani Pouneh Amir , St-Jean Marie-Lou , Matovic Sara , Spahr Aaron , Tran Luan T. , Boucher Renée-Myriam , Poulin Chantal , Osterman Bradley , Srour Myriam , Rosenblatt Bernard , Chénier Sébastien , Soucy Jean-Francois , Laberge Anne-Marie , D’Agostino Maria Daniela , Nguyen Cam-Tu Emilie , Morsa Maxime , Bernard Geneviève
Published: May 2023

Parents of children with genetically determined leukoencephalopathies play a major role in their children's health care. We sought to gain a better understanding of their experience with the public health care system in Quebec, Canada, to obtain suggestions for improving their services, and to identify modifiable factors to improve their quality of life. We conducted interviews with 13 parents. Data was analyzed thematically. Five themes were identified: challenges of the diagnostic odyssey, limited access to services, excessive parental responsibilities, positive relationships with health care professionals as a facilitator of care, and benefits of a specialized leukodystrophy clinic. Parents felt like waiting for the diagnosis was extremely stressful, and they expressed their need for transparency during this period. They identified multiple gaps and barriers in the health care system, which burdened them with many responsibilities. Parents emphasized the importance of a positive relationship with their child's health care professionals. They also felt grateful for being followed at a specialized clinic as it improved the quality of care received.
Use of Perioperative Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation in Pulmonary Endarterectomy Cases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ishisaka Yoshiko , Watanabe Atsuyuki , Takagi Hisato , Takayama Hiroo , Wiley Jose , Kuno Toshiki
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is known to be a curative intervention for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Its complications include endobronchial bleeding, persistent pulmonary arterial hypertension, right ventricular failure, and reperfusion lung injury. Extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) is a perioperative salvage method for PEA. Although risk factors and outcomes have been reported in several studies, overall trends remain unknown. We performed a systematic review and study-level meta-analysis to understand the outcomes of ECMO utilization in the perioperative period of PEA. Methods: We performed a literature search with PubMed and EMBASE on 11/18/2022. We included studies including patients who underwent perioperative ECMO in PEA. We collected data including baseline demographics, hemodynamic measurements, and outcomes such as mortality and weaning of ECMO and performed a study-level meta-analysis. Results: Eleven studies with 2632 patients were included in our review. ECMO insertion rate was 8.7% (225/2,625, 95% CI 5.9-12.5) in total, VV-ECMO was performed as the initial intervention in 1.1% (41/2,625, 95% CI 0.4-1.7) (Figure 3), and VA-ECMO was performed as an initial intervention in 7.1% (184/2,625, 95% CI 4.7-9.9). Preoperative hemodynamic measurements showed higher pulmonary vascular resistance, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and lower cardiac output in the ECMO group. Mortality rates were 2.8% (32/1238, 95% CI: 1.7-4.5) in the non-ECMO group and 43.5% (115/225, 95% CI: 30.8-56.2) in the ECMO group. The proportion of patients with successful weaning of ECMO was 72.6% (111/188, 95% CI: 53.4-91.7). Regarding complications of ECMO, the incidence of bleeding and multi-organ failure were 12.2% (16/79, 95% CI: 13.0-34.8) and 16.5% (15/99, 95% CI: 9.1-28.1), respectively. Conclusion: Our systematic review showed a higher baseline cardiopulmonary risk in patients with perioperative ECMO in PEA, and its insertion rate was 8.7%. Further studies that compare the use of ECMO in high-risk patients who undergo PEA are anticipated.
Safety of Nurse-Managed Inhaled Nitric Oxide During Critical Care Interfacility Transport
Authors: Troncoso Ruben , Garfinkel Eric M. , Kaul Kashyap , Leon David , Trautman Shawn , Margolis Asa M.
Published: May 2023

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is an advanced therapy typically managed by physicians and respiratory therapists in order to increase arterial oxygenation and decrease pulmonary arterial pressure. The Johns Hopkins Lifeline Critical Care Transportation Program (Lifeline) initiated a novel nurse-managed iNO protocol in order to optimize the oxygenation of critically ill patients during interfacility transport. This study was a retrospective chart review of adverse events associated with iNO initiation or continuation by Lifeline on patients transported from March 1, 2020, to August 1, 2022. Basic demographic data and adverse events were recorded. Recorded adverse events included hypotension defined as a mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 65 mm Hg, hypoxemia defined as a decrease of ≥ 10% arterial oxygenation saturation measured by pulse oximetry, new bradycardia or tachyarrhythmia, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels greater than 1.0 ppm, methemoglobinemia, and cardiac arrest. Fifteen patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which one also had pulmonary emboli, 2 had bacterial pneumonia, 1 suffered cardiogenic shock from occlusive myocardial infarction and were on VA-ECMO, and 2 had significant thoracic trauma resulting in pulmonary contusions and hemopneumothorax. iNO was continued on 10 patients and initiated on 8 patients, 2 of whom were transitioned from inhaled epoprostenol. Hypotension occurred in 3 (16.7%) patients and one (5.56%) of the hypotensive patients subsequently went on to experience new atrial fibrillation with vasopressor titration. No patients developed worsening hypoxemia, elevated NO2 levels, methemoglobinemia, or suffered cardiac arrest. All 3 patients who experienced hypotension were already on vasopressor support and the hypotension resolved with medication titration. This study shows that iNO administration can be safely managed by appropriately trained nurses.
Why Might Women Justify Dating Violence? The Role of Men’s Sexual Objectification of Their Romantic Partners Within Heterosexual Relationships
Authors: Pecini Chiara , Ruzzante Daniela , Valtorta Roberta Rosa , Crapolicchio Eleonora , Cocco Veronica Margherita , Andrighetto Luca , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio
Published: May 2023

Men’s partner-sexual objectification has been linked to increased self-objectification and diminished well-being in women. Some recent findings have also demonstrated that men’s partner-sexual objectification is related to increased violence in the relationship. However, mechanisms driving this association remain unexplored. In the present research, we collected data on women and men involved in heterosexual romantic relationships and investigated the associations between men’s partner-sexual objectification, women’s self-objectification, and both partners’ attitudes toward dating violence. Study 1 ( N = 171 heterosexual couples) provided first evidence for the link between men’s partner-sexual objectification and their attitudes toward dating violence. Furthermore, men’s attitudes toward dating violence mediated the relationship between sexual objectification of their partners and women’s attitudes toward dating violence. These results were replicated in Study 2 ( N = 235 heterosexual couples). Findings of this study also revealed that, along with men’s attitudes toward dating violence, women’s self-objectification acted as a mediating mechanism linking experiences of being sexually objectified by the romantic partner and attitudes toward dating violence in women. Implications of our findings for the issue of dating violence are discussed.
Teachers’ Willingness to Seek Help for Violence Against Them: The Moderating Effect of Teachers’ Seniority
Authors: Tarablus Tamar , Yablon Yaacov B.
Published: May 2023

Students’ violence against teachers is a significant problem in many schools worldwide. Yet very little is known about the teachers who suffer from violence and the way they contend with it. The current study focused on teachers’ willingness to seek help for violence. More specifically it focused on the effect of teachers’ seniority—by means of time (years of teaching) and proficiency general pedagogical knowledge (GPK)—on their willingness to seek help from other teacher-colleagues or members of school management. The sample consisted of 233 Israeli teachers (199 women) from elementary (35%), middle (34.2%), and high school (45%). Teachers’ ages were 21 to 68 (mean = 41.77; SD = 10.96), and years of teaching ranged from less than 1 year up to 40 years in the school system (mean = 12.13; SD = 10.67). The findings revealed a negative correlation between victimization and willingness to seek help: namely, the higher the level of violence teachers suffered, the less willing they were to seek help from either colleagues or school management. Also, senior teachers were less likely to seek help from colleagues than were novice teachers, and the negative association between victimization and willingness to seek help was stronger among teachers who had a higher GPK. Moreover, years of teaching served as a risk factor for help-seeking from colleagues, and GPK served as a risk factor for help-seeking from both colleagues and management, but only amidst high levels of violence. Findings revealed the difficulties teachers have when facing violence as well as the role played by their professional status when considering seeking help at school.
“I Never Said Anything. I Didn’t Tell Anyone. What Would I Tell?” Adults’ Perspectives on Disclosing Childhood Sibling Sexual Behavior and Abuse in the Orthodox Jewish Communities
Authors: Marmor Amitai
Published: May 2023

Sibling sexual harmful dynamics (SSHD) is a term used, in this study, to refer to childhood sexual behaviors that are inconsistent with age-appropriate curiosity, including sibling sexual abuse (SSA). Although SSA is a prevalent and long-lasting form of intrafamilial sexual abuse, it is the least reported, studied, and treated. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the disclosure process of this phenomenon in the Israeli Orthodox Jewish society, as perceived by those involved. Participants were adults from the Orthodox communities in Israel who experienced sexual interactions/abuse with one or more of their siblings. This qualitative constructivist-grounded theory study was based on semi-structured interviews with 24 adults from the Israeli Orthodox Jewish communities. Seven barriers to disclosure were identified and organized into three main categories: intrapersonal, including denial of the acts, guilt, and shame; interpersonal, including the sibling relationship and perceiving the sexual acts as routine; and cultural, including lack of sexual knowledge, the concept of modesty, and marriage prospects. In addition, we highlight the intersectionality between the different contexts of the SSHD. This study explored the barriers to disclosing SSHD in the siblings’ context and the context of the Jewish Orthodox communities. The findings contribute to understanding the unique aspects of the disclosure, as expressed in religious and cultural contexts, the sibling context, and their intersectionality. Cultural and religious sensitivity is crucial for practitioners, especially as issues of sexuality and sexual understanding stem from the related norms and values.
Buprenorphine Prescribing and Dosing Limits: Evidence and Policy Goals
Authors: Coyle David Tyler , Stewart Stephanie , Bortz Cole , Manalo Jane , Ritvo Alexis , Krsak Martin
Published: May 2023

The opioid misuse epidemic is a serious public health crisis. Opioid-involved deaths continue to rise and the potency of illicitly manufactured synthetic opioids has increased, creating challenges for the healthcare system to provide multifaceted specialized care. Elements of the regulation around buprenorphine, 1 of 3 drugs approved to treat opioid use disorder (OUD), constrain treatment options for patients and providers alike. Updates to this regulatory framework, particularly around dosing and access to care, would enable providers to better treat the changing landscape of opioid misuse. Specific actions to this end are to: (1) Increase buprenorphine dosing flexibility based on FDA labeling which drives payor policies; (2) Restrict local government and institutional impositions of arbitrary access and dosing limits for buprenorphine; and (3) Liberalize buprenorphine initiation and maintenance via telemedicine for OUD.
Perioperative Management of Extended-Release Buprenorphine: A Narrative Review and Case Series
Authors: Hickey Thomas R. , Meeks Thomas , Oxentine Heather , Park Dong Chan , Abelleira Audrey , Edens Ellen , Gordon Adam J. , Acampora Gregory
Published: May 2023

Background:

Perioperative management of formulations of buprenorphine used for the treatment of opioid use disorder and/or pain are common clinical challenges. Care strategies are increasingly recommending continuation of buprenorphine while administering multimodal analgesia including full agonist opioids. While this “simultaneous strategy” is relatively simple for the shorter-acting sublingual buprenorphine formulation, best practices are needed for the increasingly prescribed extended-release buprenorphine (ER-buprenorphine). To our knowledge there are no prospective data to guide perioperative management of patients on ER-buprenorphine. Herein we provide a narrative review, report on the perioperative experiences of a series of patients maintained on ER-buprenorphine, and propose recommendations for perioperative ER-buprenorphine management based on best evidence, clinical experience, and our judgments.

Cases:

Here we present clinical data describing the perioperative experiences of patients maintained on extended-release buprenorphine who recently underwent a variety of surgeries ranging from outpatient inguinal hernia repair to multiple inpatient surgeries for source control in sepsis, at different medical centers throughout the United States. These patients were identified via an email solicitation to substance use disorder treatment providers throughout a nationwide healthcare system, requesting cases of patients maintained on extended-release buprenorphine who had recently undergone surgery. We report here on all of the cases received.

Discussion:

Extrapolating from these and recently published case reports, we describe an approach to perioperative management of extended-release buprenorphine.
Conceptualising headteachers’ leadership of technology in schools across the United Kingdom during early coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Beauchamp Gary , Joyce-Gibbons Andrew , Clarke Linda , Hulme Moira , Hamilton Lorna , Harvey Janet A
Published: May 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic brought seismic changes to schooling which few could have anticipated. Across the four countries of the UK, (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) urgent changes to the locus and focus of education were required. This paper conceptualises how headteachers led their schools in the use of digital technology as they adjusted to teaching and learning in the early stages of a UK wide school ‘lockdown’. The study uses data from extensive interviews with the headteachers of 12 schools across all phases of learning in schools in all four countries in the UK. The analysis uses elements of Cashman's et al.'s (2014) ‘leadership by convening’ lenses to conduct a threefold analysis of the transcripts: the direction of communications (internal/external); the timeframes (synchronous/asynchronous); and headteachers’ perceptions of how their digital technology helped them navigate challenges. These challenges are classified as: (a) technical – The solution required technology or technical expertise; (b) adaptive – The solution required a change in behaviour by at least one party in the communication process (internal or external); (c) organisational – solutions to these challenges contained both a technological and a behavioural component. A new model of leadership with technology is suggested.
Social Network and Semantic Analysis of Roe v. Wade’s Reversal on Twitter
Authors: Dai Zehui , Higgs Cory
Published: May 2023

On June 24, 2022, the Supreme Court released its decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health, which officially repealed Roe v. Wade and its subsequent rulings. Employing social network analysis and semantic analysis methods, the current project reviews the public reaction among Twitter users shared from the May 2 draft leak to the June 24 official repeal, using a series of Twitter hashtags related to Roe v. Wade. The project identified the main influencers within the network, namely, journalist/news organizations, Internet celebrities, activists/activist groups, professional/non-profit organizations, and politicians/political organizations through social network analysis. Through semantic analysis, the authors found prominent themes such as legal concerns, discourse on reproductive rights, distrusting of Supreme Court’s authority, and political nepotism. The results offer policy implications and communication message strategies to healthcare providers and policymakers. The authors believe that the polarizing nature of Roe v. Wade-related issues will be a crucial factor in shaping voters’ decisions during the upcoming 2024 presidential election.
Like, Comment, and Share on TikTok: Exploring the Effect of Sentiment and Second-Person View on the User Engagement with TikTok News Videos
Authors: Cheng Zicheng , Li Yanlin
Published: May 2023

TikTok—the world’s most downloaded app since 2020, has become a place for more than silly dancing and lip-syncing. TikTok users are increasingly turning to TikTok for news content. Meanwhile, news publishers are embracing TikTok to reach a younger audience. We aim to examine the content strategy adopted by the most-followed news publishers on TikTok and how effective their TikTok strategy is in spurring audience engagement in terms of liking, commenting, and sharing. This study retrieved 101,292 TikTok news videos as of November 22, 2022. With the help of computer vision, natural language processing, and sentiment analysis, we found that TikTok news videos containing negative sentiment and more second-person view shots are associated with significantly higher audience engagement. In addition, this study demonstrated that the TikTok video features and engagement levels differ between the news publishers and other TikTok creators. Moderator analysis shows that both the effect of negative sentiment on engagement and the effect of the second-person view on engagement are moderated by the TikTok account type. The impact of negative sentiment and second-person view on engagement behaviors becomes smaller or even insignificant for news publisher TikTok videos. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in this study.
STEM Education and the Contradictory Realities of School Policies
Authors: Apple Michael W.
Published: May 2023

STEM Education Reform in Urban High Schools critically examines the reality of STEM at a school level in the United States. In essence, its fundamental questions include: What actually happens in schools—and especially to students—when STEM becomes the prime focus? What happens to STEM itself? Given the intense pressures on schools, does STEM often become largely rhetorical? When there are different results, what structures, resources, and commitments explain this? The focus is on two cities—Buffalo and Denver—and on schools that have large populations of minoritized students. In this essay, I discuss the contributions that the authors make to our understandings of the complex and contradictory realities of STEM education. At the same time, I also point to a number of the criticisms of the often uncritical acceptance of STEM and STEAM educational policies and practices.
Path-following control method for articulated vehicles based on dual heuristic programming
Authors: Zhang Bingli , Zhang Yangyang , Cheng Jin , Zhang Chengbiao , Chu Weishen , Pan Zehao , Zhu Jinfeng
Published: May 2023

A path-following control method based on dual heuristic programming (DHP) is proposed to address the problem whereby unmanned articulated vehicles need to set different controller parameters to track complex routes and cannot adapt to complex routes. First, the path-following control system structure is designed based on the articulated vehicle experimental platform, and the error model is derived based on the kinematic model of the articulated vehicle. Second, the payoff function is designed considering the error and stability indices, and the actor and critic of the path-following control method based on the DHP algorithm are approximated using a multilayer feedforward neural network. Finally, the path-following quality of the method is verified using simulations and real vehicle tests and compared with the conventional pure tracking and linear-quadratic regulator methods. The results show that the DHP-based method is able to follow complex reference paths and obtain better control results than the traditional methods without iterative tuning of the controller parameters, which improves the adaptiveness of the articulated vehicle path-following control method to complex environments.
Changes in the mode of transportation using active magnetic technology for non-standard equipment
Authors: Zhang Hongsheng , Li Yanbin , Guo Kai
Published: May 2023

A novel electro-permanent magnet transportation system is proposed in this article. The saddle is fixed to the transport vehicle and the cylindrical vessel is attracted and transported by magnetic force. Based on electro-permanent technology, this magnetic force is provided by the first and second magnets of its internal structure, so that the magnetic force is stable and strong. The loading and unloading of the magnetic force require only the application of pulse currents in opposite directions. According to the electro-permanent technology and transportation requirements, the initial structure of the electro-permanent chassis and saddle is constructed. Firstly, this study constructs the magnetic circuit of the magnetic module by theoretical derivation and magnetic field simulation, and then further calculates the parameters affecting the magnetic force of the magnetic module, determines the optimal number of ampere-turns, and verifies them by simulation. Next, we analyze the magnetization process of the magnetic module under continuous magnetization conditions. And the magnetic tensile experiment and the surface magnetic induction intensity measurement are performed on the magnetic module. The results show that the magnetic force is strong and evenly distributed. Finally, we perform preliminary calculations and verification of the transportation load during transport, the working area of 5.76–11.52 m2, and can meet the transportation demand to avoid danger.
Application of the extended FASTSIM for non-Hertzian contacts towards the prediction of wear and rolling contact fatigue of wheel/rail systems
Authors: Liu Binbin , Bruni Stefano
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the extension of the FASTSIM algorithm to a SDEC region is implemented and a strategy is proposed to generalise this algorithm to any general non-elliptic contact patch. The extended FASTSIM is applied to the prediction of wheel wear and rolling contact fatigue under typical non-Hertzian wheel/rail contact conditions, using CONTACT as a reference and showing that the extended version of FASTSIM proposed in this work provides more accurate solutions for non-Hertzian contact conditions, compared to other widely used formulations of FASTISM.
The Time Course of Person Perception From Voices: A Behavioral Study
Authors: Lavan Nadine
Published: May 2023

Listeners spontaneously form impressions of a person from their voice: Is someone old or young? Trustworthy or untrustworthy? Some studies suggest that these impressions emerge rapidly (e.g., < 400 ms for traits), but it is unclear just how rapidly different impressions can emerge and whether the time courses differ across characteristics. I presented 618 adult listeners with voice recordings ranging from 25 ms to 800 ms in duration and asked them to rate physical (age, sex, health), trait (trustworthiness, dominance, attractiveness), and social (educatedness, poshness, professionalism) characteristics. I then used interrater agreement as an index for impression formation. Impressions of physical characteristics and dominance emerged fastest, showing high agreement after only 25 ms of exposure. In contrast, agreement for trait and social characteristics was initially low to moderate and gradually increased. Such a staggered time course suggests that there could be a temporo-perceptual hierarchy for person perception in which faster impressions could influence later ones.
Does artificial intelligence improve energy productivity in China's industrial sector? Empirical evidence based on the spatial moderation model
Authors: Rong Jing , Wang Wei , Zhang Haijun
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the impacts of industrial intelligence on the total factor energy productivity (TFEP) using extended STIRPAT and spatial moderation models for China's industrial sector. The results show that TFEP and industrial intelligence are both increasing, and industrial intelligence positively affects TFEP, for every 1% increase in industrial intelligence will lead to TFEP growth by 0.121% in the study area and 0.031% in surrounding areas. Environmental regulation, industrial upgrading, and advanced human capital all function as helpful moderators between industrial intelligence and TFEP, that is, for every 1% increase in environmental regulation, industrial upgrading, and advanced human capital, the growth of TFEP caused by industrial intelligence enhanced by 0.003%, 0.009%, and 0.022% in study area and 0.005%, 0.042%, and 0.054% in surrounding areas.
Gauging the research performance of BRICS in the domain of Library and Information Science through Performance analysis and Science mapping
Authors: Rehman Ikhlaq ur , Wani Javaid Ahmad , Ganaie Shabir Ahmad
Published: May 2023

The study gauges the research performance of the BRICS bloc in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS) research using Performance analysis and Science mapping. The Web of Science database is used for the study and articles published between 2013 and 2022 have been selected for analysis. Data analysis and visualisation have been done using the Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer. The findings reveal an upward trend in publications. Furthermore, China has been the most prolific nation in terms of productivity and impact. Scientometrics is the leading source in terms of publications while the International Journal of Information Management is the most cited source. With regard to author productivity, Zhang Y has the highest number of publications while Lowry PB is the most cited author. Wuhan University is the most productive organization. In terms of collaboration, the USA is the primary partner for the entire BRICS group, particularly China and collaboration among the BRICS isn’t as significant as it is with the non-BRICS countries. This study provides insightful information about recent scientific developments in the field of LIS. Additionally, by using this research as a guide, researchers from different fields will be able to analyse how the body of knowledge on a certain subject has evolved over time. This study also outlines potential research directions in this field of research.
Between Preventive Attack and Collaboration: British Military Planning on Spain, 1940–1944
Authors: Díaz Benítez Juan José
Published: May 2023

In the early stages of the Second World War, Spanish dictator Francisco Franco and key regime figures were tempted to enter the war on the Axis side. This temptation was a serious concern for British wartime strategy. This article studies the British military operations prepared to confront the possibility of Spain entering the war between 1940 and 1944. These operations aimed to protect Gibraltar, maintain access through the Strait of Gibraltar, and reduce the Axis threat to maritime communications in the eastern Atlantic. The article sheds new light on three issues: the balance of advantages and disadvantages that the plans entailed and the preparations to carry them out; the simultaneity of planned operations to cooperate with the Spanish Armed Forces and ones to confront them; and the importance of Spanish non-belligerence as a differential factor with respect to other neutral European countries.
Improved use of faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin in the Scottish bowel screening programme
Authors: Digby Jayne , Fraser Callum G , Clark Gavin , Mowat Craig , Strachan Judith A , Steele Robert JC
Published: May 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to develop a risk-scoring model in the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme incorporating faecal haemoglobin concentration with other risk factors for colorectal cancer.

Methods

Data were collected for all individuals invited to participate in the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme between November 2017 and March 2018 including faecal haemoglobin concentration, age, sex, National Health Service Board, socioeconomic status, and screening history. Linkage with The Scottish Cancer Registry identified all screening participants diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Logistic regression was performed to identify which factors demonstrated significant association with colorectal cancer and could be used in the development of a risk-scoring model.

Results

Of 232,076 screening participants, 427 had colorectal cancer: 286 diagnosed following a screening colonoscopy and 141 arising after a negative screening test result giving an interval cancer proportion of 33.0%. Only faecal haemoglobin concentration and age showed a statistically significant association with colorectal cancer. Interval cancer proportion increased with age and was higher in women (38.1%) than men (27.5%). If positivity in women were mirrored in men at each age quintile interval cancer proportion would still have remained higher in women (33.2%). Moreover, an additional 1201 colonoscopies would be required to detect 11 colorectal cancers.

Conclusions

Development of a risk scoring model using early data from the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme was not feasible due to most variables showing insignificant association with colorectal cancer. Tailoring the faecal haemoglobin concentration threshold according to age could help to diminish some of the disparity in interval cancer proportion between women and men. Strategies to achieve sex equality using faecal haemoglobin concentration thresholds depend considerably on which variable is selected for equivalency and this requires further exploration.
Florence flood and the rescue of the Florence State Archives: The role of accounting and accountability
Authors: Servalli Stefania , Gitto Antonio , Gandelli Federica
Published: May 2023

This archival research aims to explore the role of accounting for natural disasters. It is focused on the 1966 Florence flood. Considering the role of Florence in the worldwide cultural context, our attention is focused on the cultural patrimony in the Florence State Archive and on the role that accounting and accountability had in its rescue. The work refers to Foucault's and Derrida's concept of the archive and draws on the notion of accounting as ‘naming and counting’ practices. The investigation highlights the pivotal role of accounting in the rescue process of archival documents. Using ‘naming and counting’ practices, the damaged documentation was identified and inventoried and the accountability activities offered researchers knowledge of historical documents not available for investigation. These accounting practices realised the exercise of the power of re-‘consignation’ permitting an invaluable cultural patrimony to be re-consigned to the community.
Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy in the Epididymis: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Chengbin , Yu Wei , Jin Meishan , Qu Limei
Published: May 2023

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare, benign neoplasm of neural crest origin that predominantly involves the craniofacial region, involvement of the epididymis being extremely rare, with about 30 cases reported. We report an unusual case of a 5-month-old male with MNTI in the epididymis. The patient underwent orchiectomy. Half a year later, there was no sign of recurrence. Whether preoperative examination or intraoperative frozen examination, the tumor may easily be misdiagnosed as malignancy. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy should be included in differential diagnosis in infants presenting with fast-growing scrotal swelling.
An International Survey of Genitourinary and Renal Pathologists Regarding Evaluation of the Non-Neoplastic Parenchyma in Kidney Cancer Specimens
Authors: Paik James , Ellis Carla L. , Henriksen Kammi J. , Chang Anthony
Published: May 2023

Increasing survivorship in kidney cancer patients has shifted treatment strategies to optimize renal function preservation. In 2010, the College of American Pathologists (CAP) updated their synoptic reporting guidelines for tumor nephrectomies to require evaluation of the nonneoplastic kidney parenchyma. We conducted this study to understand current practice behaviors regarding the evaluation of the nonneoplastic kidney parenchyma in tumor nephrectomy specimens. We emailed a 14-item multiple-choice survey to members of the Renal Pathology Society and Genitourinary Pathology Society. We also emailed a 12-item survey to program and associate program directors of American pathology residencies to assess the current state of renal pathology education. Ninety-eight genitourinary and 104 renal pathologists responded to the survey on the nonneoplastic kidney parenchyma. Ninety-five percent of respondents who examine tumor nephrectomies reported evaluating the nonneoplastic kidney parenchyma. Seventy-five percent of genitourinary pathologists and 67% of renal pathologists use synoptic reporting, and 81% use the CAP protocol. Thirty-nine percent of respondents report always contacting the clinician when they find evidence of medical renal disease. Forty-two program leaders responded to our renal pathology education survey, and 64% of them have a mandatory renal pathology rotation that on average lasts about 2 to 4 weeks. The majority of pathologists examine the nonneoplastic kidney parenchyma of tumor nephrectomies and frequently report incidences of new medical renal disease directly to clinicians, but there remains room for improvement and educational gaps during residency training. Further efforts to standardize both this evaluation and renal pathology education will improve patient care.