bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Likelihood of response with subsequent dosing for patients with migraine and initial suboptimal response with eptinezumab: A post hoc analysis of two placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trials
Authors: Schim Jack D. , Anderson Carlton , Brunner Elizabeth , Hirman Joe , Ogbru Annette , Cady Roger , McGill Lora
Published: May 2022

Objective

To develop a multivariable model assessing factors predicting a second‐dose response to eptinezumab treatment over weeks 13–24 in patients with migraine initially reporting a suboptimal response over weeks 1–12.

Background

Eptinezumab is a monoclonal antibody used for migraine prevention, administered every 12 weeks. In the PROMISE‐1 and PROMISE‐2 studies, the first‐dose response to eptinezumab treatment (≥50% monthly migraine day [MMD] reduction over weeks 1–12) occurred in ~50–60% of patients with episodic (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), respectively.

Methods

This post hoc analysis included patients with suboptimal first‐dose response (<50% MMD reduction over weeks 1–12) with EM and CM, with patient‐reported outcome data at weeks 12 and 24. Eptinezumab 100 and 300 mg doses were pooled.

Results

The analysis included 416/888 patients (46.8%) from PROMISE‐1 and 479/1072 patients (44.7%) from PROMISE‐2 with suboptimal first‐dose response. The proportion of suboptimal first‐dose responders who were second‐dose responders was 37.0% (71/192; eptinezumab) and 33.9% (42/124; placebo) in PROMISE‐1 and 28.8% (79/274) and 18.5% (38/205) in PROMISE‐2. Significant first‐dose predictors of second‐dose response were percent change in MMDs across weeks 1–12 (PROMISE‐1, odds ratio [OR]: 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95, 0.98, p = 0.0001; PROMISE‐2, OR: 0.94, CI: 0.92, 0.96, p < 0.0001) and change in 6‐item Headache Impact Test (HIT‐6) total score (PROMISE‐2 only, OR: 0.92; CI: 0.87, 0.98; p = 0.027). In PROMISE‐1, the probability of second‐dose response ranged from 21.7% in patients with first‐dose 0% MMD change to 56.0% in patients with first‐dose 45% MMD reduction. In PROMISE‐2, depending on HIT‐6 total score, probability of second‐dose response ranged from 5.9–12.1% in patients with first‐dose 0% MMD change to 54.2%–72.3% in patients with first‐dose 45.0% MMD reduction.

Conclusion

Individuals with migraine not experiencing ≥50% MMD response to their first dose of eptinezumab may benefit from a second dose.
The impact of epidermolysis bullosa on the family and healthcare practitioners: a scoping review
Authors: Chateau Antoinette V , Blackbeard David , Aldous Colleen
Published: May 2022

Background

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited genodermatosis that results in mucocutaneous fragility. There is a lack of data on the impact of this disease on parents. There are no studies on the impact on siblings and few on healthcare professionals in dealing with this devastating disease.

Methods

A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Malley and PRISMA‐ScR framework. Twenty‐seven articles were reviewed, and a data‐charting sheet was formulated.

Results

Parents make great sacrifices and are resilient in caring for their sick children but are at risk of depression. Siblings play a vital role in caring for their siblings, but their needs may be overlooked because the main focus is on the sibling with EB. Healthcare professionals may suffer burnout and compassion fatigue in caring for patients and their families with EB.

Conclusion

Comprehensive care of the family and the awareness of the challenges experienced by healthcare professionals is essential to the holistic care of a patient with EB.
Characterisations of cassava starch and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blown film with silicon dioxide nanocomposites
Authors: Phothisarattana Danaya , Harnkarnsujarit Nathdanai
Published: May 2022

Films with high permeability are necessary for the packaging of agricultural products that respire to avoid anoxic conditions. This research developed and characterised bioplastic nanocomposite films with enhanced permeation and increased strength. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) was compounded with silicon dioxide (SiO2) and blended with poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) to produce bioplastic PBAT/TPS blend films via blown‐film extrusion. Different SiO2 contents (0.5%–1%) were dispersed in the matrices, causing interaction via hydrogen bonding with the TPS phase. SiO2 at 1% significantly improved melting of the polymer blends, giving increasing amorphous ratios of the polymeric films. Microstructures and surface topography indicated voids between incompatible components and porous structures that improved permeation. Increasing SiO2 content linearly enhanced oxygen and water vapour permeability by up to 39% and 16%, respectively. Tensile strength and elongation at break increased and decreased up to 40% and 32%, respectively, indicating increased rigidity due to adding solid nanoparticles to 1%. Migration phenomena of the film components, that is molecules with diol structures and silicon compounds depended on types of simulant and microstructures that induced swelling and release of the compounds. Film permeabilities increased, thereby facilitating air and humidity flow through the packaging.
Catching a killer: Mechanisms of programmed cell death and immune activation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Neel Dylan V. , Basu Himanish , Gunner Georgia , Chiu Isaac M.
Published: May 2022

In the central nervous system (CNS), execution of programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for proper neurodevelopment. However, aberrant activation of these pathways in adult CNS leads to neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). How a cell dies is critical, as it can drive local immune activation and tissue damage. Classical apoptosis engages several mechanisms to evoke “immunologically silent” responses, whereas other forms of programmed death such as pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis release molecules that can potentiate immune responses and inflammation. In ALS, a fatal neuromuscular disorder marked by progressive death of lower and upper motor neurons, several cell types in the CNS express machinery for multiple PCD pathways. The specific cell types engaging PCD, and ultimate mechanisms by which neuronal death occurs in ALS are not well defined. Here, we provide an overview of different PCD pathways implicated in ALS. We also examine immune activation in ALS and differentiate apoptosis from necrotic mechanisms based on downstream immunological consequences. Lastly, we highlight therapeutic strategies that target cell death pathways in the treatment of neurodegeneration and inflammation in ALS.
Visual statistical learning in deaf and hearing infants and toddlers
Authors: Monroy Claire , Yu Chen , Houston Derek
Published: May 2022

Congenital hearing loss offers a unique opportunity to examine the role of sound in cognitive, social, and linguistic development. Children with hearing loss demonstrate atypical performance across a range of general cognitive skills. For instance, research has shown that deaf school‐age children underperform on visual statistical learning (VSL) tasks. However, the evidence for these deficits has been challenged, with mixed findings emerging in recent years. Here, we used a novel approach to examine VSL in the action domain early in development. We compared learning between deaf and hearing infants, prior to cochlear implantation (pre‐CI), and a group of toddlers post implantation (post‐CI). Findings revealed a significant difference between deaf and hearing infants pre‐CI, with evidence for learning only in the hearing infants. However, there were no significant group differences between deaf and hearing toddlers post‐CI, with both groups demonstrating learning. Further, VSL performance was positively correlated with language scores for the deaf toddlers, adding to the body of evidence suggesting that statistical learning is associated with language abilities. We discuss these findings in the context of previous evidence for group differences in VSL skills, and the role that auditory experiences play in infant cognitive development.
Algorithms as co‐workers: Human algorithm role interactions in algorithmic work
Authors: Tarafdar Monideepa , Page Xinru , Marabelli Marco
Published: May 2022

In algorithmic work, algorithms execute operational and management tasks such as work allocation, task tracking and performance evaluation. Humans and algorithms interact with one another to accomplish work so that the algorithm takes on the role of a co‐worker. Human–algorithm interactions are characterised by problematic issues such as absence of mutually co‐constructed dialogue, lack of transparency regarding how algorithmic outputs are generated, and difficulty of over‐riding algorithmic directive – conditions that create lack of clarity for the human worker. This article examines human–algorithm role interactions in algorithmic work. Drawing on the theoretical framing of organisational roles, we theorise on the algorithm as role sender and the human as the role taker. We explain how the algorithm is a multi‐role sender with entangled roles, while the human as role taker experiences algorithm‐driven role conflict and role ambiguity. Further, while the algorithm records all of the human's task actions, it is ignorant of the human's cognitive reactions – it undergoes what we conceptualise as ‘broken loop learning’. The empirical context of our study is algorithm‐driven taxi driving (in the United States) exemplified by companies such as Uber. We draw from data that include interviews with 15 Uber drivers, a netnographic study of 1700 discussion threads among Uber drivers from two popular online forums, and analysis of Uber's web pages. Implications for IS scholarship, practice and policy are discussed.
Creativity and the Trauma of COVID‐19: How do Foundation Level Art and Design Students Navigate a Liminal Journey during a Pandemic?
Authors: Robertson Elaine , Thomas Judy , Bailey Mark
Published: May 2022

This article explores the impact of COVID‐19 on the physical learning spaces of art and design students to consider how this has informed and influenced the creative process, emotional resilience and engagement with learning during this difficult year of restrictions. More specifically, it draws on the experiences of students in a Foundation Art and Design programme in a Further Education college in the North of England as a case study. As a transitional year between Further Education (FE) and Higher Education (HE), this programme is designed to be transformative in terms of theoretical knowledge, practical skills and shaping student identities through ‘becoming’ creative practitioners. Concepts of liminality and liminal spaces provide a lens through which to offer an account of the nature and scope of these transformative experiences over the past year. As an accidental ethnography (Levitan et al. 2017), aspects discussed suggest that whilst COVID‐19 had a significant negative impact on the experiences and progression of this cohort of students, there have also been many positive outcomes suggesting that this particular programme has maintained its transformative ambitions.
A systematic review: Unfinished nursing care and the impact on the nurse outcomes of job satisfaction, burnout, intention‐to‐leave and turnover
Authors: Stemmer Renate , Bassi Erika , Ezra Sigal , Harvey Clare , Jojo Natasha , Meyer Gabriele , Özsaban Aysel , Paterson Catherine , Shifaza Fathimath , Turner Murray B. , Bail Kasia
Published: May 2022

Aim

To investigate the association of unfinished nursing care on nurse outcomes.

Design

Systematic review in line with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline.

Data sources

CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, ProQuest and Scopus databases were searched up until April 2020.

Review Methods

Two independent reviewers conducted each stage of the review process: screening eligibility, quality appraisal using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool; and data extraction. Narrative synthesis compared measurements and outcomes.

Results

Nine hospital studies were included, and all but one were cross‐sectional multicentre studies with a variety of sampling sizes (136–4169 nurses). Studies had low internal validity implying a high risk of bias. There was also a high potential for bias due to non‐response. Only one study explicitly sought to examine nurse outcomes as a primary dependent variable, as most included nurse outcomes as mediating variables. Of the available data, unfinished nursing care was associated with: reduced job satisfaction (5/7 studies); burnout (1/3); and intention‐to‐leave (2/2). No association was found with turnover (2/2).

Conclusion

Unfinished nursing care remains a plausible mediator of negative nurse outcomes, but research is limited to single‐country studies and self‐reported outcome measures. Given challenges in the sector for nurse satisfaction, recruitment and retention, future research needs to focus on nurse outcomes as a specific aim of inquiry in relation to unfinished nursing care.

Impact

Unfinished nursing care has previously been demonstrated to be associated with staffing, education and work environments, with negative associations with patient outcomes (patient satisfaction, medication errors, infections, incidents and readmissions). This study offers new evidence that the impact of unfinished nursing care on nurses is under investigated. Policymakers can prioritize the funding of robust observational studies and quasi‐experimental studies with a primary aim to understand the impact of unfinished nursing care on nurse outcomes to better inform health workforce sustainability.
A landscape‐level analysis of bird taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic β‐diversity in habitat island systems
Authors: Zeng Chi , Li Wande , Ding Ping , Peng Yu , Wu Lingbing , Si Xingfeng
Published: May 2022

Aim

How β‐diversity patterns are shaped by landscape‐level processes remains unclear across habitat island systems. Here we assessed landscape‐level bird β‐diversity in habitat island systems and aimed to (1) evaluate the relative contribution of turnover (βSIM) and nestedness‐resultant (βSNE) components to multisite β‐diversity (βSOR) from taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic dimensions; (2) examine the influence of climate factors and system characteristics in shaping landscape‐level patterns of β‐diversity measures; and (3) study how β‐diversity patterns of bird communities vary with the spatial extents of island systems.

Location

Global.

Taxon

Birds.

Methods

We compiled bird data in 22 habitat island systems from literature and classified these island systems into small and large spatial scales. We partitioned βSOR into βSIM and βSNE from three dimensions for each system and calculated standardized functional and phylogenetic β‐diversity measures. We assessed the effects of climate factors and system characteristics on observed and standardized β‐diversity measures by multiple linear models for both small and large systems.

Results

We found that the dominant role of βSIM to βSOR in habitat island systems was pervasive. However, the best explanatory variables were not consistent across systems, which depended on the β‐diversity components, diversity dimensions and spatial extent of habitat island systems. In general, climate factors acted as the main drivers of bird communities across small and large systems, whereas system characteristics played minor roles.

Main conclusions

Spatial turnover dominated overall bird β‐diversity in most habitat island systems. Our results imply the roles of niche‐based assembly processes through the interplay among differential functional traits and phylogenetic distances of species, climate factors and system characteristics as well as spatial extent in driving bird communities across multiple habitat island systems at a landscape level. This study offers a better understanding of the processes underlying macroecological patterns of isolated biological communities across habitat island systems.
Positive maternal mental health during pregnancy and mental and behavioral disorders in children: A prospective pregnancy cohort study
Authors: Lähdepuro Anna , Lahti‐Pulkkinen Marius , Pyhälä Riikka , Tuovinen Soile , Lahti Jari , Heinonen Kati , Laivuori Hannele , Villa Pia M. , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Kajantie Eero , Girchenko Polina , Räikkönen Katri
Published: May 2022

Background

The role of positive maternal mental health during pregnancy in child mental health remains largely unknown. We investigated whether positive maternal mental health during pregnancy is associated with lower hazards of mental and behavioral disorders in children and mitigates the adverse effects of negative maternal mental health.

Methods

Among 3,378 mother–child dyads of the Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction study, mothers reported their positive mental health biweekly throughout pregnancy with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory Curiosity scale, and a visual analogue scale for social support, and negative mental health with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We extracted data on their mental and behavioral disorder diagnoses from a nationwide medical register. This register provided data on their children’s mental and behavioral disorder diagnoses as well, from birth until 8.4−12.8 (Median = 10.2, Interquartile Range 9.7−10.8) years of age.

Results

A positive maternal mental health composite score during pregnancy was associated with a lower hazard of any mental and behavioral disorder among all children [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.79, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.71 − 0.87] and among children of mothers experiencing clinically relevant depressive symptoms during pregnancy [HR = 0.80, 95%CI 0.64 − 1.00] and/or mental and behavioral disorders before or during pregnancy [HR = 0.69, 95%CI 0.55−0.86]. These associations were independent of covariates.

Conclusions

Children whose mothers had more positive mental health during pregnancy were less likely to develop mental and behavioral disorders. Protective effects were seen also among children of mothers facing mental health adversities before or during pregnancy.
Concomitant treatment with insulin and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors was associated with the renal composite outcome in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Toyoda Masao , Saito Nobumichi , Kimura Moritsugu , Hatori Nobuo , Tamura Kouichi , Miyakawa Masaaki , Sato Kazuyoshi , Kanamori Akira , Kobayashi Kazuo
Published: May 2022

Aims/Introduction

We previously reported that sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) treatment was associated with an improvement of the albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. The present study clarified how concomitant insulin treatment (IT) with SGLT2i therapy influences the renal composite outcome (RCO).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 624 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease who underwent SGLT2i treatment. The renal composite outcome was set as progression of the stage of albuminuria or a ≥15% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate per year. We developed a cohort model of patients managed with and without IT (Ins [+], Ins [−]) using propensity score matching methods. Furthermore, all patients in our study population were stratified into quintiles according to their propensity score.

Results

The incidence of the RCO was in Ins (+) patients significantly higher than that in Ins (−) (P = 0.033). The estimated hazard ratio for the RCO was 1.55 (P = 0.035) in Ins (+) patients. The change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate and albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio in the groups was not statistically significant. The analysis, which was based on the quintiles, showed a statistically significant difference between the Ins (+) and Ins (−) groups (P = 0.01); the odds ratio for the RCO in patients managed with IT was 2.20 (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Concomitant administration of IT with SGLT2is influenced the RCO in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. We might need to consider the influence of concomitant agents on the renoprotective effects of SGLT2i therapy.
Severe aortic stenosis during leptin replacement therapy in a patient with generalized lipodystrophy‐associated progeroid syndrome due to an LMNA variant: A case report
Authors: Sasako Takayoshi , Kadowaki Hiroko , Fujiwara Takayuki , Kodera Satoshi , Komuro Issei , Kadowaki Takashi , Yamauchi Toshimasa
Published: May 2022

Leptin replacement therapy (LRT) has drastically improved the prognosis of patients with lipodystrophy, but pro‐inflammatory properties of leptin could become evident in the long term. Here, we report a 30‐year‐old Japanese woman with generalized lipodystrophy‐associated progeroid syndrome due to a heterozygous LMNA variant (c.29C > T; p.T10I), who was diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis (AS) after more than a decade of LRT, which required transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Given her marked hypoadiponectinemia and the LMNA variant, our patient might have been susceptible to progeria‐associated disorders, including aortic stenosis, which could have been exaggerated by the prolonged ‘imbalanced adipokines’ caused by LRT between pro‐inflammatory leptin and anti‐inflammatory adiponectin. Thus, long‐term LRT could be associated with AS in patients with the LMNA variant to cause generalized lipodystrophy‐associated progeroid syndrome and hypoadiponectinemia.
Plasma cytokines during pregnancy provide insight into the risk of diabetes in the gestational diabetes risk group
Authors: Tagoma Aili , Haller‐Kikkatalo Kadri , Oras Astrid , Roos Kristine , Kirss Anne , Uibo Raivo
Published: May 2022

Aims/Introduction

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is characterized by low‐grade systemic inflammation, which manifests as changes in the levels of cytokines in the blood. We aimed to investigate plasma immune mediators during gestational weeks 23–28 in 213 women at risk for GDM, and to find associations between GDM and its complications.

Materials and Methods

We quantified the levels of adipokines: adiponectin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 and resistin; chemokines: C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL4, C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and CXCL10; and cytokines: granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, interferon‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐1β, soluble (s)IL‐1RI, IL‐2, sIL‐2Ra, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐7, IL‐10, IL‐12(p70), IL‐13, IL‐15, IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐21, IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐27, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, TGF‐β2, TGF‐β3, tumor necrosis factor‐α and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 using the Milliplex®MAP Magnetic Bead assay on Luminex®200™, and compared the results with clinical data from pregnancy and post‐partum follow up.

Results

Lower levels of adiponectin and higher levels of CCL2 (Wilcoxon test, P = 3.4E‐03 and P = 0.03, respectively) were found in women with GDM. IL‐27 levels were associated with lower odds of GDM (adjusted logistic regression 0.90, P = 2.4E‐03), and showed a risk association with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody positivity (adjusted odds ratio 1.13, P = 2.8E‐03). Similarly, higher IL‐22 levels increased the odds of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody positivity (adjusted odds ratio 4.23, P = 0.04). TGF‐β1 was associated with post‐partum fasting glucose levels, and CCL4 with post‐partum C‐peptide levels (linear regression, P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively). Women who developed pregnancy complications had higher levels of CXCL10 and CCL4 (linear regression, P = 7.0E‐04 and P = 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions

Plasma adiponectin and CCL2 concentrations distinguish women with GDM. IL‐27 and IL‐22 levels might select women with an autoimmune reaction, whereas increased TGF‐β1 and CCL4 are associated with post‐partum glucose and insulin metabolism.
4‐allylanisole as a lure adjuvant for Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and two associated beetles
Authors: Sullivan Brian T. , Munro Holly L. , Shepherd William P. , Gandhi Kamal J. K.
Published: May 2022

The southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a major pine tree killer in North and Central America. In the southeastern USA, responses by D. frontalis to its aggregation pheromone can be substantially increased by at least three host odours: the monoterpenes alpha‐ and beta‐pinene, and the phenylpropanoid 4‐allylanisole. We executed three trapping experiments to assess the influence of 4‐allylanisole release rate on aggregation behaviour of D. frontalis and to evaluate the compound as an adjuvant for the operational monitoring lure for D. frontalis. Addition of devices releasing 4‐allylanisole at any of three rates (4.8, 48, and 500 mg/day measured at mean 21°C) increased D. frontalis attraction to a pheromone lure, both in the presence and in the absence of an alpha‐pinene lure. The increase was 5‐ to 50‐fold with a positive dose response up to the highest tested release rate of 4‐allylanisole. Attraction of an associate, the black turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier), and a major D. frontalis predator, Thanasimus dubius (F.) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), was also significantly increased by 4‐allylanisole. A device releasing 4‐allylanisole at 0.05 g/day (at mean 23°C) increased attraction of D. frontalis to the current operational monitoring lure (which uses alpha‐ and beta‐pinene as the host odour component) approximately 4‐fold, but it did not increase attraction to a lure with turpentine as the host odour component (used in a former operational monitoring lure). Additionally, we observed none of the attraction‐inhibiting effects that were previously reported for 4‐allylanisole with D. frontalis. It is possible that the addition of 4‐allylanisole to the D. frontalis lure might allow detection of beetles at lower population densities and, if so, aid in earlier detection of populations invading the northeastern USA in response to climate change. This possibility should receive further investigation.
Non‐linear time‐series analysis of the interaction between the citrus whitefly and the whitefly‐specialist ladybird
Authors: Noriyuki Suzuki , Kawatsu Kazutaka , Kaneko Shuji
Published: May 2022

A comprehensive understanding of the top‐down effects of natural enemies on agricultural pests is essential for achieving effective biological control in integrated pest management. However, it is typically difficult to identify causal effects between the interacting species from time‐series data, which have often been monitored for pest forecasting purposes in agricultural ecosystems, as it is likely to involve non‐linear (state‐dependent) population dynamics. In this study, we applied a recently developed framework of non‐linear time‐series analysis (empirical dynamic modelling) to determine top‐down and bottom‐up effects between the citrus whitefly Dialeurodes citri and the whitefly‐specialist ladybird Serangium japonicum. We used weekly monitoring data for the two species collected over 4 years in pesticide‐free citrus groves located in Shizuoka Prefecture, central Japan. Although we were able to identify time‐delayed positive effects of D. citri abundance on S. japonicum abundance, we failed to detect any significant causal effects of S. japonicum abundance on D. citri abundance. Moreover, weather variables (temperature and rainfall) were found to have only a negligible effect on the population dynamics of the two species. Our findings indicate that bottom‐up rather than top‐down effects predominate in the weekly dynamics of this predator–prey system. On the basis of these observations, we discuss whether S. japonicum would be an effective agent for the biological control of D. citri in open‐field systems.
Copper ore material footprints and transfers embodied in domestic and international trade of provinces in China
Authors: Liu Lin , Schandl Heinz , West James , Jiang Meng , Ren Zijian , Chen Dingjiang , Zhu Bing
Published: May 2022

Copper is a critical material for development and plays a profound role in transitioning to a low‐carbon future. China is the main copper consumer in recent decades that has a fast‐growing domestic market accompanied by active international trade. Given the large regional differences within China, it is relevant to understand the domestic driving forces of copper demands and the cascading effects on international regions. Here we combine the newly developed copper ore extraction datasets and the Chinese interprovincial nested global multi‐regional input–output models to explore the copper ore material footprints (CuMF), the interprovincial CuMF transfers, and the international CuMF transfers of provinces. Results show that at the initial stage of clean energy development (2007–2012), most provinces in China are, to a great degree (∼50%), relatively reliant on international copper inputs. The manufacturing sector is the main driving force of international CuMF transfers while the construction sector drives most interprovincial CuMF transfers, with the total volume of international CuMF transfers recently tripling. The central provinces in the industrial transition period and the northwestern provinces in the initial development stage saw the fastest growth in international and interprovincial CuMF transfers, respectively. The economic growth and low‐carbon transition will further advance copper‐related manufacturing and construction activities while other evidences indicate that the degree of foreign inputs to meet copper demand may peak and the interprovincial supply may rise continuously. Targeted governance of these sectors may effectively reduce high dependence on the international copper supply and ensure an efficient interprovincial CuMF transfer pattern.
Developmental, neurochemical, and behavioral analyses of ErbB4 Cyt‐1 knockout mice
Authors: Erben Larissa , Welday Jacqueline P. , Cronin Marie E. , Murphy Ricardo , Skirzewski Miguel , Vullhorst Detlef , Carroll Steven L. , Buonanno Andres
Published: May 2022

Neuregulins (NRGs) and their cognate neuronal receptor ERBB4, which is expressed in GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons, regulate numerous behaviors in rodents and have been identified as schizophrenia at‐risk genes. ErbB4 transcripts are alternatively spliced to generate isoforms that either include (Cyt‐1) or exclude (Cyt‐2) exon 26, which encodes a cytoplasmic domain that imparts ErbB4 receptors the ability to signal via the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Although ErbB4 Cyt‐1/2 isoforms have been studied in transfected cultured cells, their functions in vivo remain unknown. Here, we generated ErbB4‐floxed (ErbB4‐Cyt1fl/fl) mice to investigate the effects of germline (constitutive) and conditional (acute) deletions of the Cyt‐1 exon. Overall receptor mRNA levels remain unchanged in germline ErbB4 Cyt‐1 knockouts (Cyt‐1 KOs), with all transcripts encoding Cyt‐2 variants. In contrast to mice lacking all ErbB4 receptor function, GABAergic interneuron migration and number are unaltered in Cyt‐1 KOs. However, basal extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex are increased in Cyt‐1 heterozygotes. Despite these neurochemical changes, Cyt‐1 heterozygous and homozygous mice do not manifest behavioral abnormalities previously reported to be altered in ErbB4 null mice. To address the possibility that Cyt‐2 variants compensate for the lack of Cyt‐1 during development, we microinjected an adeno‐associated virus expressing Cre‐recombinase (AAV‐Cre) into the DA‐rich ventral tegmental area of adult ErbB4‐Cyt1fl/fl mice to acutely target exon 26. These conditional Cyt‐1 KOs were found to exhibit behavioral abnormalities in the elevated plus maze and startle response, consistent with the idea that late exon 26 ablations may circumvent compensation by Cyt‐2 variants. Taken together, our observations indicate that ErbB4 Cyt‐1 function in vivo is important for DA balance and behaviors in adults.

image
Efficacy of autologous platelet‐rich plasma in the treatment of vitiligo: A 10‐patient prospective study
Authors: Rekik Mariem , Mseddi Madiha , Kammoun Nadine , Sellami Khadija , Turki Hamida
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder characterized by loss of epidermal melanocytes. It has cosmetic and psychosocial impact. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the interest of platelet‐rich‐plasma in the treatment of vitiligo.

Material and methods

We conducted a prospective study between January 2019 and September 2021.

Results

Our descriptive study included 10 patients followed‐up for vitiligo refractory to conventional therapies. The mean age was 36.2 years. Sex ratio was 0.25. Prior to platelet‐rich‐plasma treatment, vitiligo was stable in all cases. The mean number of platelet‐rich‐plasma sessions received by our patients was 2.6 (1–6). A visible improvement of lesions was obtained after a mean of 1.5 sessions. 40% of patients had obtained repigmentation of more than 50% for at least one lesion. An improvement of more than 75% (grade 4) was noted in 2 cases after a mean duration of 5.5 sessions. 40% of patients had obtained repigmentation of more than 50% for at least one lesion. A percentage of improvement between 50 and 74% (grade 3) was obtained for 2 patients. Four patients had an improvement of less than 25% (grade 1) after a mean of 1.75 sessions. There was no recurrence of depigmentation after a mean follow‐up of 6 months (1 to 24 months).

Conclusion

Our series proves the benefit of platelet‐rich‐plasma in the treatment of vitiligo. It is a safe and promising option for stable lesions in different body sites with few side effects.
Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is a key molecule released in acute migraine attacks—Successful translation of basic science to clinical practice
Authors: Edvinsson Lars
Published: May 2022

Migraine is a highly prevalent neurovascular disorder afflicting more than 15% of the global population. Nearly three times more females are afflicted by migraine in the 18–50 years age group, compared to males. Migraine attacks are most often sporadic, but a subgroup of individuals experience a gradual increase in frequency over time; among these, up to 1%–2% of the global population develop chronic migraine. Although migraine symptoms have been known for centuries, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Two theories have dominated the current thinking—a neurovascular theory and a central neuronal theory with the origin of the attacks in the hypothalamus. During the last decades, the understanding of migraine has markedly advanced. This is supported by the early seminal demonstration of the trigeminovascular reflex 35 years ago and the insight that calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is a key molecule released in acute migraine attacks. The more recent findings that gepants, small molecule CGRP receptor blockers, and monoclonal antibodies generated against CGRP, or its canonical receptor are useful for the treatment of migraine, are other important issues. CGRP has been established as a key molecule in the neurobiology of migraine. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies to CGRP or the CGRP receptor represent a breakthrough in the understanding of migraine pathophysiology and have emerged as an efficacious prophylactic treatment for patients with severe migraine with excellent tolerability. This review describes the progression of research to reach the clinical usefulness of a large group of molecules that have in common the interaction with CGRP mechanisms in the trigeminal system to alleviate the burden for individuals afflicted by migraine.
Structural racism, family structure, and Black–White inequality: The differential impact of the legacy of slavery on poverty among single mother and married parent households
Authors: Baker Regina S. , O'Connell Heather A.
Published: May 2022

Objective

To assess whether an indicator of structural racism—the legacy of slavery—impacts racial inequality in poverty among individuals within the same family structure.

Background

Family structure is a dominant explanation for racial inequality in poverty. This overemphasis on an “individual‐level” variable results in relatively less attention to the role of structural factors. Yet, structural factors, like the legacy of slavery, may be key to understanding how race and family structure intersect in the context of poverty.

Method

The authors use data from the Luxembourg Income Study, the American Community Survey, and the Historical 1860 Census. Multilevel models link individual‐ and state‐level data and separate models focus on counties. The authors assess whether a proxy of the legacy of slavery (i.e., the historical concentration of enslaved people in 1860) relates to Black–White inequality in poverty among single mother households and among married with children households in the US South.

Results

There is an impact of the legacy of slavery on Black–White inequality in poverty even within‐family type, but the legacy of slavery appears to be more consequential for married with children households than single mother households. Among married parent households, the racial gap in poverty is more pronounced where the legacy of slavery is stronger.

Conclusion

Results suggest the link between family structure and racial inequality in poverty is overstated and more indirect, operating—at least partially—through structural racism.

Implications

This study challenges the perception of marriage as an anti‐poverty mechanism. It also underscores the limitations of viewing family structure from an individual‐level perspective when explaining racial inequality. Local manifestations of structural racism are part of how family structure matters for inequality in poverty.
Nonresident social fathering in African American single‐mother families
Authors: Cross Christina J. , Zhang Xing
Published: May 2022

Objective

This study examined the prevalence of nonresident social fathering among African American youth from single‐mother families and their reports of subjective closeness, frequency of contact, and financial support from social fathers during young adulthood.

Background

Research on African American families has overwhelmingly focused on single motherhood and the mother–child dyad. The perceived deficits of single‐mother families are emphasized, while their assets frequently go unnoticed. One potential resource available to offspring in these families are nonresident social fathers (men who act as fathers to children).

Method

Using Add Health (n = 728), we document the share of youth who had a nonresident social father serve as their main father figure and examine key indicators of their long‐term relationships with these men: closeness, contact, and receipt of financial support during young adulthood. We also consider whether relationships with social fathers differ by type (stepfather versus male relative) and from those with biological fathers.

Results

Twenty‐five percent of respondents identified a nonresident social father as their main father figure; 44% indicated a nonresident biological father. Nearly 70% of participants reported strong feelings of closeness and regular contact with social fathers. Over 40% received financial assistance. Respondents were more likely to report feeling closer to a social than a biological father; there were no other differences by father figure type.

Conclusion

Most African American young adults from single‐mother families have close and consistent ties with a nonresident father figure. While underexplored, their sustained engagement with these men may have positive implications for their downstream outcomes.
Child support debt and the well‐being of disadvantaged fathers of color
Authors: Robbins Nathan L. , Waller Maureen R. , Nepomnyaschy Lenna , Miller Daniel P.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Using a survey sample comprised of predominantly low‐income fathers of color, we examine whether child support debt (arrears) is associated with fathers' poor physical health, depression, and material hardship 9 years after their child's birth.

Background

About 70% of the $113.5 billion in outstanding arrears is held by men earning $10,000 or less, and an emerging body of research suggests arrears can negatively impact economically disadvantaged fathers of color and their families.

Method

Drawing on fathers' data from the first five waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS; N = 1614), we use multivariate regressions to assess the relationship between child support arrears and fathers' physical health, depression, and material hardship. We examine three different measures of arrears and assess the robustness of our results to model specifications that account for selection into arrears.

Results

Fathers with arrears and with higher arrears are more likely to experience poor physical health, depression, and material hardship, and these associations are more pronounced for fathers with high arrears burdens relative to their incomes. Results are robust to different measurements of arrears, who reports them (father or mother), and across model specifications (lagged dependent variables and inverse probability weighted analyses).

Conclusion

Disadvantaged fathers with arrears fare far worse physically, psychologically, and economically than those with no arrears. Findings from our study add to growing research documenting harmful consequences of child support debt and point to an important avenue through which ostensibly race neutral family policies may disadvantage low‐income men of color.
Digital vs Conventional Full‐Arch Implant Impressions: A Retrospective Analysis of 36 Edentulous Jaws
Authors: Papaspyridakos Panos , De Souza Andre , Finkelman Matthew , Sicilia Elena , Gotsis Sotirios , Chen Yo‐wei , Vazouras Konstantinos , Chochlidakis Konstantinos
Published: May 2022

Purpose

There is a paucity of comparative clinical studies assessing the accuracy of full‐arch digital scans versus conventional implant impressions. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the three‐dimensional (3D) deviations between full‐arch digital scans and conventional implant impressions for edentulous maxillae and mandibles.

Materials and methods

Twenty‐seven patients (36 edentulous jaws) were treated with one‐piece, screw‐retained implant‐supported fixed complete dental prostheses (IFCDPs). Twenty‐one jaws were maxillary, and 15 were mandibular. Full‐arch conventional impressions and intraoral digital scans with scan bodies and an intraoral scanner had been taken during the impression phase. Following verification of the conventional stone casts, the casts were digitized. The generated standard tessellation language (STL) files from both impression techniques were merged and analyzed with reverse engineering software. The primary aim was to evaluate the accuracy between conventional and digital full‐arch scans, while the effect of the edentulous jaw in 3D accuracy was the secondary aim.

Results

The cumulative 3D (mean ± SD) deviations between virtual casts from intraoral full‐arch digital scans and digitized stone casts generated from conventional implant impressions were found to be 88 ±24 μm. In the maxillary group, the mean ± SD 3D deviation was 85 ±25 μm, compared to 92 ±23 μm for the mandibular group (p = 0.444).

Conclusion

The 3D implant deviations found between the full‐arch digital and conventional impressions lie within the clinically acceptable threshold. No statistically significant difference was identified between maxillary and mandibular jaws in terms of 3D deviations.
Comparison of Dimensional Changes Between CAD‐CAM Milled Complete Denture Bases and 3D Printed Complete Denture Bases: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Helal Mohamed Ahmed , Abdelrahim Ramy Abdallah , Zeidan Ahmed Abd El‐latif
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study compared the dimensional changes between computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) milled complete denture bases (CDBs) and three‐dimensional (3D) printed CDBs.

Materials and methods

One maxillary completely edentulous stone model was fabricated with three reference points at the incisive papilla, right molar, and left molar areas marked as X, Y, and Z, respectively. It was scanned to produce a standard tessellation language (STL) file, which was imported to a metal milling machine software to produce the metal model. This metal model was used to fabricate 30 CDBs for analysis. The CDBs were divided into three groups (n = 10 each) according to the fabrication method used as follows: Group 1, CAD‐CAM milled CDBs; Group 2, 3D printed CDBs; and Group 3, conventional compression molded CDBs. The CDBs of all groups were scanned after fabrication, and the dimensional changes in each were evaluated by two methods. The first was the two‐dimensional evaluation method that involved linear measurement of the distances between the reference points (X‐Y, X‐Z, and Y‐Z) of the scanned reference cast and dentures. The second method was the 3D evaluation method that involved the superimposition of the STL files of the dentures on the STL file of the reference cast. Data were calculated and were statistically analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's pairwise post hoc tests.

Results

There was a significant difference in the dimensional accuracy between the CAD‐CAM milled, 3D printed, and conventional compression molded CDBs (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The dimensional accuracy of the CAD‐CAM milling system in complete denture fabrication is superior to that of the compression molding and 3D printing systems.
Seasonal count time series
Authors: Kong Jiajie , Lund Robert
Published: May 2022

Count time series are widely encountered in practice. As with continuous valued data, many count series have seasonal properties. This article uses a recent advance in stationary count time series to develop a general seasonal count time series modeling paradigm. The model constructed here permits any marginal distribution for the series and the most flexible autocorrelations possible, including those with negative dependence. Likelihood methods of inference are explored. The article first develops the modeling methods, which entail a discrete transformation of a Gaussian process having seasonal dynamics. Properties of this model class are then established and particle filtering likelihood methods of parameter estimation are developed. A simulation study demonstrating the efficacy of the methods is presented and an application to the number of rainy days in successive weeks in Seattle, Washington is given.