bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth curve analysis in different generations of Boer x Central Highland goats using alternative estimation models
Authors: Tesema Zeleke , Kefale Alemu , Deribe Belay , Tilahun Mekonnen , Lakew Mesfin , Alebachew Getachew Worku , Belayneh Negus , Zegeye Asres , Yizengaw Liuel , Alemayehu Kefyalew , Getachew Tesfaye , Kebede Damitie , Taye Mengistie , Gizaw Solomon
Published: November 2023

Growth curve analysis can help to optimize the management, determine nutritional requirements, predict the weight of animals at a specific age, and to select highly productive animals. Therefore, this study aimed to find the best-fitted nonlinear functions to provide a specific shape of the growth curve from birth to yearling age in different generations of Boer x Central Highland goats. Gompertz, Logistic, Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Monomolecular, Negative exponential, and Richards models were evaluated to quantify their ability to describe the biological growth curve. Root mean square error (RMSE), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), adjusted coefficient of determination (AdjR2), and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) were used to evaluate the goodness of fit and flexibility of the models. Data were analyzed using the nonlinear regression procedure of SAS. High AdjR2 and lower AIC, BIC, and RMSE values are indicators of best-fitted model. The best-fitting model for the first filial generation (F1), second filial generation (F2), and male goats’ growth data was Brody function, whereas the Richards model, followed by Brody, best described the growth of third filial generation (F3) and female goats. The values of parameter A (asymptotic weight) for F1, F2, F3, female, and male goats based on the Brody model were 30.5±1.32, 28.2±1.38, 24.4±1.04, 27.8±0.94, and 29.8±1.32 kg for F1, F2, F3, female, and male goats, respectively. As per the best-fitted growth function, the asymptotic weight tended to reduce when the filial generation increased. The asymptotic weight for male goats was higher than for female goats. F1 had a slightly small value of parameter K, followed by F2 and F3. Both males and females had similar maturity rates. Based on the Brody function, the correlation between maturation rate and mature weight was high (-0.98, P<0.001). The correlation estimates for A-B and B-K were 0.27 and -0.15, respectively. Brody was best fitted for most goat categories, although Richards, followed by Brody, was best fitted for female and F3 goats. Besides, Brody could be better than Richards due to the ease of interpretation, convergence, and applicability for a small sample size. Therefore, the Brody function can predict the mature body weight, maturation rate, and growth rate of Boer x Central Highland goats and be used to formulate breeding and management strategies for profitable goat farming.
Evaluating the impact of sling provision and training upon maternal mental health, wellbeing and parenting: A randomised feasibility trial
Authors: Wigglesworth Helen , Huddy Vyv , Knowles Rosie , Millings Abigail
Published: November 2023

Background

Close body contact interventions such as Kangaroo Mother Care have been shown to improve maternal mental health following birth. Infant carriers (‘slings’) facilitate hands-free close body contact. No studies have specifically examined whether sling use improves maternal mental health. A full-scale efficacy study is needed to examine whether sling use is beneficial to maternal mental health. The current study is a feasibility study designed to gather information to support the design of a future RCT, such as acceptability and study parameters, including recruitment rates, consent rate and attrition.

Method

Mothers of infants aged 0–6 weeks were randomised to one of two conditions: intervention (n = 35) vs. waitlist control (n = 32). Intervention participants received sling training, support, and free sling hire for 12 weeks. Participants completed self-report measures of mood, wellbeing and parenting at baseline (Time 1), and 6- (Time 2) and 12- (Time 3) weeks post-baseline.

Results

Eligibility and consent rates met feasibility objectives, though there were some difficulties with retention of participants in the study. Preliminary effectiveness analyses showed a non-significant improvement with a small effect size in postnatal depression from T1 to T3, and a significant improvement with a medium effect size in maternal self-efficacy from T1 to T3. Qualitative feedback indicated acceptability of the intervention and study participation. Intervention participants attributed greater autonomy, bonding with their baby, and parental self-confidence, to the intervention.

Conclusions

These findings indicate a randomised study of the impact of a sling and related support intervention upon maternal mental health is feasible. These findings should be interpreted within the context of sampling bias (due to the use of volunteer sampling methods), an absence of feedback from those who discontinued participation in the study, and the study not being adequately powered.

Trial registration

Registration number ISRCTN88575352.
Integrated taxonomy of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) reveals unexpected diversity in the most arid ecosystem of Europe
Authors: Ruiz-Arrondo Ignacio , Veiga Jesús , Adler Peter H. , Collantes Francisco , Oteo José A. , Valera Francisco
Published: November 2023

The family Simuliidae includes more than 2000 species of black flies worldwide. Their morphological uniformity creates difficulty for species identification, which limits our knowledge of their ecology and vectorial role. We investigated the systematics of black flies in a semi-arid area of the Iberian Peninsula, an ecologically harsh environment for these organisms. Sampling adult black flies in three different habitats (by means of CDC traps) and in avian nest boxes and collecting immature stages in high-salinity rills provided a representative sample of the component species. A combination of approaches, including morphological, chromosomal, and molecular (based on the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) genes) revealed five species: four common species (Simulium intermedium, S. petricolum, S. pseudequinum, and S. rubzovianum) and the first European record for S. mellah. Barcoding gap and phylogenetic analyses revealed that ITS2 is a key marker to identify the species, whereas the COI marker does not provide enough resolution to identify some species or infer their phylogenetic relationships. Morphological and chromosomal features are also provided to identify S. mellah unequivocally. Our study highlights the need for integrated studies of black flies in ecologically extreme habitats to increase our knowledge of their distribution, ecology, and potential risks for public health.
Characterization of the bacterial fecal microbiota composition of pigs preceding the clinical signs of swine dysentery
Authors: Barbosa Jéssica A. , Aguirre Juan C. P. , Nosach Roman , Harding John C. S. , Cantarelli Vinícius S. , Costa Matheus de O.
Published: November 2023

Swine dysentery (SD) is a worldwide production-limiting disease of growing-finishing pigs in commercial farms. The importance of the large intestinal microbiota in the swine dysentery pathogenesis has been established, but not well characterized. The objective of this study was to characterize the fecal bacterial microbiota of pigs immediately prior to developing clinical signs of swine dysentery. A total of 60 fecal samples were collected from 15 pigs with SD. Sampling times included a time point prior to SD (d0, n=15), 2 days before mucohaemorrhagic diarrhea was observed (d-2SD, n=15), 1 day before mucohaemorrhagic diarrhea was observed (d-1SD, n=15), and the day when pigs developed mucohemorragic diarrhea (MHD, n=15). Sequencing of cpn60 amplicons was used to profile the microbiome, and analyses were performed on QIIME2. Increased Chao1 index in d-1SD and MHD samples when compared to the d0 was the only change observed in alpha diversity. No differences between sampling times on beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) were found. Although a small sample size was investigated, differential abundance analysis revealed that Alistipes dispar and Parabacteroides gordonii were increased in MHD fecal samples when compared to d-2SD and d-1SD. It is suggested that these taxa may play a role in the pathogenesis of SD, which is known to require the presence of Brachyspira spp. and an anaerobe for severe disease development.
Phenyl-2-aminoethyl selenide ameliorates hippocampal long-term potentiation and cognitive deficits following doxorubicin treatment
Authors: Alhowail Ahmad H. , Eggert Matthew , Bloemer Jenna , Pinky Priyanka D. , Woodie Lauren , Bhattacharya Subhrajit , Bhattacharya Dwipayan , Buabeid Manal A. , Smith Bruce , Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan , Piazza Gary , Reed Miranda N. , Escobar Martha , Arnold Robert D. , Suppiramaniam Vishnu
Published: November 2023

Chemotherapy-induced memory loss (“chemobrain”) can occur following treatment with the widely used chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). However, the mechanisms through which DOX induces cognitive dysfunction are not clear, and there are no commercially available therapies for its treatment or prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential of phenyl-2-aminoethyl selenide (PAESe), an antioxidant drug previously demonstrated to reduce cardiotoxicity associated with DOX treatment, against DOX-induced chemobrain. Four groups of male athymic NCr nude (nu/nu) mice received five weekly tail-vein injections of saline (Control group), 5 mg/kg of DOX (DOX group), 10 mg/kg PAESe (PAESe group), or 5 mg/kg DOX and 10 mg/kg PAESe (DOX+PAESe group). Spatial memory was evaluated using Y-maze and novel object location tasks, while synaptic plasticity was assessed through the measurement of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials from the Schaffer collateral circuit. Western blot analyses were performed to assess hippocampal protein and phosphorylation levels. In this model, DOX impaired synaptic plasticity and memory, and increased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK). Co-administration of PAESe reduced Akt and ERK phosphorylation and ameliorated the synaptic and memory deficits associated with DOX treatment.
Prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted infections among South African women initiating injectable and long-acting contraceptives
Authors: Harryparsad Rushil , Meyer Bahiah , Taku Ongeziwe , Serrano Myrna , Chen Pai Lien , Gao Xiaoming , Williamson Anna-Lise , Mehou-Loko Celia , d’Hellencourt Florence Lefebvre , Smit Jennifer , Strauss Jerome , Nanda Kavita , Ahmed Khatija , Beksinska Mags , Buck Gregory , Morrison Charles , Deese Jennifer , Masson Lindi
Published: November 2023

Background

South Africa is among the countries with the highest prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). In 2017, there were an estimated 6 million new CT, 4.5 million NG and 71 000 Treponema pallidum infections among South African men and women of reproductive age.

Methods

We evaluated STI prevalence and incidence and associated risk factors in 162 women aged 18–33 years old, residing in eThekwini and Tshwane, South Africa who were part of the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) trial. Women were randomised to use depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 53), copper intrauterine device (n = 51), or levonorgestrel (n = 58) implant. Lateral vaginal wall swab samples were collected prior to contraceptive initiation and at months one and three following contraceptive initiation for STI testing.

Results

There were no significant differences in STI incidence and prevalence across contraceptive groups. At baseline, 40% had active STIs (CT, NG, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) or herpes simplex virus-2 shedding across all age groups– 18–21 years (46%), 22–25 years (42%) and 26–33 years (29%). The incidence of STIs during follow-up was exceptionally high (107.9/100 women-years [wy]), with younger women (18–21 years) more likely to acquire CT (75.9/100 wy) compared to 26–33 year olds (17.4/100 wy; p = 0.049). TV incidence was higher in the 26–33 year old group (82.7/100 wy) compared to the 18–21 year olds (8.4/100 wy; p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Although the study participants received extensive counselling on the importance of condom use, this study highlights the high prevalence and incidence of STIs in South African women, especially amongst young women, emphasising the need for better STI screening and management strategies.
The bureaucracy of freedom
Authors: Pratt Katie
Published: November 2023

When Helen Frankenthaler said ‘no rules’, everything was up for grabs: she would interrogate, disrupt or disregard conventions. While Frankenthaler had the perception to envision what she intended to make, for some artists that deterministic state of knowing can be elusive. The author reflects on Frankenthaler’s maxim ‘no rules’ and compares it to their personal experience of painting practice. This article explores the impact of a single decision on the direction and outcome of an artwork and investigates the balance between regulation and artistic intuition in the author’s painting. The article further explores the concept of artistic freedom and the paradox it presents. It suggests that many artists introduce problems or limitations to navigate the creative process. The author outlines their own artistic methodology which utilizes rules, algorithms and systems to navigate artistic decision-making and to create a dialectic tension between structure and artistic freedom.
A contribuição algarvia para a génese e desenvolvimento do setor corticeiro português, séculos XIX e XX
Authors: Faísca Carlos Manuel , Jerónimo Rui
Published: November 2023

Desde, pelo menos, o início do século XIX que um conjunto de famílias com origem no Algarve central se dedica à extração, transformação industrial e comercialização de cortiça um pouco por todo o sul de Portugal. A cronologia identificada, bem como o âmbito geográfico alargado, fazem deste grupo social um elemento a ter em conta pela historiografia sempre que se analisar a génese e o desenvolvimento do negócio corticeiro em Portugal. Este artigo, baseado numa grande multiplicidade de fontes e bibliografia, vem demonstrar diacrónica e espacialmente o importante papel que esta comunidade desempenhou, para que no futuro também os corticeiros de Loulé, São Brás de Alportel e Faro tenham o devido destaque na História do setor corticeiro em Portugal, o que ainda não acontece.
Manuel Bradi (Guadalajara, 1740-Madrid, 1825): un constructor singular, renovador del caserío madrileño entre 1775 y 1800
Authors: Cruz Yábar María Teresa
Published: November 2023

Manuel Bradi fue un destacado y prolífico arquitecto activo en Madrid durante el último cuarto del siglo XVIII y, con menor intensidad, en el primero del siglo XIX. Su figura tiene sumo interés desde el punto de vista artístico, pero más aún sociológico, pues creó y difundió un modelo de casa de vecindad de corte racionalista que se hizo popular y marcó la vivienda madrileña durante medio siglo. Además, trazó y dirigió encargos de envergadura para instituciones eclesiásticas, donde se mostró primero deudor de Ventura Rodríguez, pero superó después la influencia para convertirse en un auténtico precursor del neoclasicismo madrileño en obras como las Salesas Nuevas. Exponemos los resultados de nuestras investigaciones sobre su vida y unas noticias sintéticas de su muy extenso catálogo.
La educación en el ejercicio de las artes visuales en la familia de Carlos IV
Authors: González Ramos Roberto
Published: November 2023

La educación en el dibujo y la pintura se había convertido en el siglo XVIII en una parte importante de la formación de las elites europeas. Tras un largo proceso de desarrollo cultural, que en la Monarquía Hispánica presenta un nivel parangonable al de sus homólogos europeos, la llegada de los Borbones dio un impulso significativo a la educación artístico-visual de los distintos miembros de la familia real. Esta tendencia tiene su punto culminante en la familia de Carlos iv, cuando se incluyó el aprendizaje y práctica de las artes de forma definitiva en el programa educativo de la casa real, afectando al propio Carlos, a sus hermanos y hermanas, así como a sus descendientes. Todos ellos recibieron clases al menos de dibujo y, en muchos casos, esa educación artística llegó a convertirse en afición reseñable.
«Nadie se conoce»: baile de máscaras y observación social de Goya a Larra
Authors: Muñoz Sempere Daniel
Published: November 2023

El baile de máscaras burgués de los siglos XVIII y XIX fue un acontecimiento social tremendamente popular que ocupó un lugar destacado en la literatura. Nuestra lectura conjunta de los primeros Caprichos de Francisco de Goya y del cuadro de costumbres de 1832 «El mundo todo es máscaras», de Mariano José de Larra, busca comprender las connotaciones culturales de estas fiestas y, en particular, examinar su significado como correlato del propio acto de observación social, tanto en la Ilustración tardía española como en el costumbrismo de los años 30 del siglo XIX. Tomando como punto de partida la centralidad histórica y cultural de las mascaradas, estudio la representación de los bailes de máscaras en Goya y Larra y, en particular, las formas en que la imagen de la máscara y el disfraz –y el del desenmascaramiento como gesto ritualizado por los bailes– se asociaba a la mirada satírica y costumbrista.
La cátedra de matemáticas de la Real Sociedad Económica Sevillana de Amigos del País y Pierre Henry (1780-1795)
Authors: Hernández Carlos Noguero
Published: November 2023

Las Sociedades Económicas de Amigos del País fueron una de las creaciones más interesantes, de más larga duración y mejor conocidas del reformismo ilustrado español. Guiadas por un afán de promover el desarrollo de la nación, estas instituciones, fundadas mayoritariamente a iniciativa del gobierno de Carlos III en el último tercio del s. XVIII, se ocuparon básicamente de difundir la educación útil y de fomentar la economía en la doble acepción de la palabra: conocimiento científico y riqueza social.
Este artículo analiza la fundación de la cátedra de Matemáticas por la Real Sociedad Económica Sevillana de Amigos del País, una de más activas de la península en materia de instrucción pública, y su desarrollo bajo la tutela de su primer catedrático, el ingeniero francés Pierre Henry, entre 1780 y 1795, quizás los años con mayores iniciativas de la institución.
Las crisis de tifus epidémico y paludismo en la Andalucía del siglo XVIII
Authors: León Vegas Milagros
Published: November 2023

El Setecientos es conocido como el siglo de las fiebres, distinguiéndose, en la primera mitad, las endémicas, especialmente catarrales y pútridas (tifus), mientras que a partir de 1750 reinan las tercianas o palúdicas. Más allá de esta diferenciación, nuestro objetivo se centra en exponer, de forma cronológica, a través de los fondos documentales del Archivo Histórico Municipal de Antequera, cada una de las crisis epidémicas sufridas en la localidad y su conexión con las zonas más próximas –el puerto de Málaga y otros términos andaluces–, las razones de su desencadenamiento y la valoración de su virulencia en el genuino marco del siglo XVIII.
Pharmacoepidemiological analysis of type 1 diabetes mellitus insulin therapy (According to the Moscow segment of the State Register of Diabetes Mellitus)
Authors: Antsiferov M. B. , Kantemirova M. A. , Demidov N. A. , Kalashnikova M. F.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: When developing programs for state reimbursement of the cost of medical services and medicines, when providing assistance to patients suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), data based on the results of pharmacoepide-miological studies (FEI) conducted in real clinical practice of treating patients are needed. The obtained results of the analysis of drug consumption allow us to study the most commonly used insulin therapy regimens and their compliance with modern clinical recommendations. Calculations of the weighted average cost of conducting hypoglycemic therapy in DM1 can be used for further pharmacoeconomical calculations, including analysis of the medical and social cost of the disease.

AIM: To conduct a pharmacoepidemiological analysis of the consumption of insulin preparations according to the ATX /DDD methodology, to study the modes of insulin administration and the ratio of the weighted average cost of insulin therapy components per 1 patient with DM1 per year in the outpatient practice of treatment with the introduction of insulin in the mode of multiple injections of insulin (MII) and during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective continuous cohort analytical pharmacoepidemiological study was conducted on the basis of the SRDM database (status as of 01/01/2020), in which 17,617 patients with T1DM aged 18 years and older were registered at the time of the study.

RESULTS: 90% of patients received analogues of human insulin in the MII mode using syringe pens, 8.6% used the CSII mode. In 34.5% of patients with DM1 HbA1c was <7%, the proportion of patients with HbA1c >8% was 28%. The average cost of insulin therapy per 1 person per year was 54,977 rubles. The cost of basal insulin treatment per 1 patient per year was approximately 1.5 times higher than the cost of bolus insulin during insulin therapy in the MII mode (33,960 rubles and 21,017 rubles, respectively). The weighted average cost of insulin per 1 patient per year for CSII was 31,822 rubles.

CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with DM1 in the study cohort received analogues of human insulin in the basic bolus mode of MII using syringe pens, which corresponds to existing clinical recommendations. The proportion of patients achieving the goals of glycemic control is comparable to the data obtained on the basis of registers of diabetic patients in other economically developed countries
Long-term results of corrective surgical interventions in patients with diabetic midfoot neuroosteoarthropathy
Authors: Kalandiya M. M. , Doronina L. P. , Mitish V. A. , Tokmakova A. Yu. , Zaitseva E. L. , Galstyan G. R.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy is a disabling complication of diabetes mellitus that develops as a result of impaired peripheral innervation and characterized by damage to bones and joints of non-infectious origin. As a result of pathological bone fractures, gross deformities of the foot are formed, which entails development of chronic ulcerative defects in areas of excessive load pressure. Currently, a number of surgical interventions are used to correct deformities, such as resection of bone structures, correction with metal structures and external fixation devices, but there is practically no data on their long-term results in the domestic literature.

AIM: To study the results of orthopedic corrective interventions in patients with diabetes mellitus and midfoot neuroosteoarthropathy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis was made the data collected by questionnaire method of 55 patients operated in the diabetic foot department in the Endocrinology research centre from 2009-2019. All patients underwent a reconstructive operation aimed correcting a gross deformity of the midfoot. In postoperative period, the affected limb was off-loaded by total contact cast for a period of 3-6 months, and in the future, complex orthopedic shoes for permanent use and regular podiatric care were recommended to patients.

RESULTS: After the first surgical intervention, 16 patients developed a recurrence of deformity, which required a second surgical intervention. The median period between interventions was 3 years. Chronic wounds of various localization of the operated foot were found in 25 patients.

The median period between surgery and ulcer formation was 5 years. 9 patients with chronic wounds underwent minor amputations at the same foot. Amputations on the contralateral limb were performed in 7 patients. None of the patients underwent major amputations.

CONCLUSION: Charcot foot is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus that can lead to loss of a lower limb. Due to results of the research orthopedic corrections of the midfoot deformities in patients with DNOAP can reduce the risk of ulcer developement and possible major amputations. Active monitoring and adequate orthopedic care in the postoperative period significantly reduce the risk of deformity recurrence and the need for repeated surgical interventions.
M-index as a predictor of glycemia normalization in T2D patients early after bariatric surgery
Authors: Shestakova E. A. , Sklyanik I. A. , Panevina A. S. , Yurasov A. V. , Yashkov Yu. I. , Sineokaya M. S. , Gavrilova A. O. , Evdoshenko V. V. , Fedenko V. V. , Bordan N. S. , Shestakova M. V.
Published: November 2023

There are several models for predicting remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) a year after bariatric surgery — DiaRem, ABSD, IMS, etc. However, these models cannot be used to predict the early normalization of glycemia (within a few months after surgery). These models also do not include the assessment of insulin resistance (IR).

AIM. To assess the effect of insulin resistance on the development of remission of T2D after bariatric surgery.

METHODS: The study included 42 patients with T2D and severe obesity, who underwent bariatric surgery. Baseline assessment included hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test (with the determination of the M-index (mg/kg/min), and evaluation of HOMA-IR index. Glycemia normalization was determined by self-monitoring (<6.1 mmol/l at fasting state and <7.8 mmol/l 2 hours after meals) as well as by HbA1c (<6.5%, starting 3 months after surgery). We used ROC analysis to determine the possibility of using IR indicators in predicting of the normalization of glycemia after bariatric surgery. The cut off value was determined using the Yuden criterion.

RESULTS: All patients were severely insulin resistant. The median M-index before surgery was 1.535 mg/kg/min, the HO-MA-IR index was 10.0. During 1 year after surgery the increasing number of patients reached normal glycemia: 7 (16.7%) patients in 1 month, 22 (52.4%) patients after 3 months, 31 (73.8%) patients after 6 months, 35 (83.3%) patients after 12 months. In ROC analysis the optimal threshold the M-index was 1.876 mg/kg/min.

CONCLUSION: The value of the M-index > 1.876 mg/kg/min can be used to predict the glycemia normalization early after bariatric surgery.
Machine learning methods in the differential diagnosis of difficult-to-classify types of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rusyaeva N. V. , Golodnikov I. I. , Kononenko I. V. , Nikonova T. V. , Shestakova M. V.
Published: November 2023

The course of difficult-to-classify types of diabetes mellitus (DM) (slowly developing immune-mediated DM of adults (LADA), monogenic forms of DM (MODY)) has common features with both type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM), so often remain misdiagnosed. Errors in determining the type of diabetes lead to incorrect treatment tactics, which leads to poor glycemic control, the development of complications, a decrease in the patient's quality of life, and increased mortality.

The key method for diagnosing MODY is sequencing of genes associated with this disease, and LADA is an immunological blood test in combination with the features of the clinical picture. However, the exact criteria for referring patients to these studies have not yet been determined. Performing these studies on all patients without exception with risk factors can lead to unjustified economic costs, and access to them is often difficult. In this regard, various automated algorithms have been developed based on statistical methods and machine learning (deep neural networks, “decision trees”, etc.) to identify patients for whom an in-depth examination is most justified. Among them are algorithms for the differential diagnosis of T1DM and T2DM, algorithms specializing in the diagnosis of only LADA or only MODY, only one algorithm is aimed at multiclass classification of patients with diabetes. One of the algorithms is widely used, aimed at diagnosing MODY in patients under the age of 35 years. However, existing algorithms have a number of disadvantages, such as: small sample size, exclusion of patients with MODY or older patients from the study, lack of verification of the diagnosis using appropriate studies, and the use of late complications of diabetes as parameters for diagnosis. Often the research team did not include practicing physicians. In addition, none of the algorithms are publicly available and have not been tested for patients in Russia. This manuscript presents an analysis of the main automated algorithms for the differential diagnosis of diabetes, developed in recent years.
Disposición y descarte de desechos biológicos de pequeños animales por clínicos de práctica mixta
Authors: Tarabla Pablo Andrés , Giacobino Agostina , Molineri Ana Inés , Signorini Marcelo Lisandro , Tarabla Héctor Dante
Published: November 2023

La mala gestión de los desechos de la actividad clínica veterinaria constituye un problema latente para la salud pública. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la disposición y el descarte de material biológico proveniente de pequeños animales atendidos en clínicas de práctica mixta en la Provincia de Santa Fe. Se efectuó un estudio observacional transversal en 131 Médicos Veterinarios acreditados como corresponsables sanitarios de grandes animales por los Colegios de Médicos Veterinarios de la Provincia de Santa Fe 1era y 2da Circunscripciones que ejercían la profesión en pequeños animales. Los datos fueron colectados utilizando un estructurado respondido anónimamente. Las variables estudiadas incluyeron la gestión de residuos orgánicos, la edad, el género y la ubicación geográfica de ejercicio profesional. El análisis estadístico incluyó χ2 y t de Student. La mayoría de los encuestados embolsaba los residuos clínicos junto a otros desechos provenientes de otros orígenes y los descartaban junto a la basura comunal. Dos de cada 10 encuestados contaba con disponibilidad de transporte acreditados para recolección de residuos patológico y sólo el 15,5% estaba registrado como generadores u operadores de dichos desechos. Se sugieren acciones rápidas de capacitación de estudiantes y profesionales para la correcta gestión de residuos clínicos.
Estudios sobre la eficacia del pirantel para el control de los pequeños estróngilos en equinos del área central de la Argentina
Authors: Cooper Laura Gabriela , Paz Benard Benjamín José , Caffe Gabriel , Fernández Llanos Ignacio , Arroyo Franco José , Anziani Oscar Sergio
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de la resistencia al pamoato de pirantel en 111 equinos de 11 establecimientos del área central de la Argentina utilizando el Test de Reducción en el Conteo de Huevos (TRCH) y un modelo jerárquico Bayesiano para el análisis de los datos. La misma metodología se utilizó sobre la semana 4 post tratamiento para detectar posibles acortamientos en el período de reaparición de huevos o PRH. La eficacia general del pirantel fue considerada adecuada en 9/11 establecimientos, resistente en uno y sospechosa en el restante, y no se observaron modificaciones en el PRH. En la eliminación de huevos antes del tratamiento (n= 127), el 23,7 % de los animales fueron considerados como bajos eliminadores, el 32,5 % como moderados y el 43,8 % como altos, enfatizando la posibilidad de tratar selectivamente a estos últimos. Esto permitiría preservar la vida útil de esta droga, así como la de las lactonas macrocíclicas, constituyendo una alternativa más racional (frente a los tratamientos masivos actuales) para el control sustentable de los pequeños estróngilos en equinos adultos. En los coprocultivos pre tratamiento, además de la presencia mayoritaria de pequeños estróngilos, se observó la presencia de Strongylus vulgaris en tres de los 11 establecimientos estudiados, lo cual amerita investigaciones futuras para determinar la prevalencia de este parásito de reconocida patogenicidad.
Design Analysis of Mid IR DIAL System for Detection of Hazardous Chemical Species
Authors: Jindal M K , . Mainuddin , Veerabuthiran S , Kumar Atul
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, both military and public agencies are concerned with the remote detection of toxic gases and chemical warfare agents in the atmosphere. A promising method for the remote detection of such harmful chemicals in the atmosphere is Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL). In the current paper, system design analysis has been carried out to build a DIAL system for the detection of toxic chemical warfare agents, chemical warfare simulants, explosive precursors, and pollutants. The proposed DIAL system comprises an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) based tuneable laser, a 203 mm diameter Cassegrain telescope, a TE-cooled MCT detector, suitable data acquisition hardware, etc. The DIAL output parameters like return signals, SNR, and minimum measurable concentrations have been simulated under different weather conditions such as clear sky, moderately hazy sky, and hazy atmospheric conditions for given system input parameters (pulse energy, detectivity, bandwidth, DAQ resolution, etc.). We have considered chemicals such as Sarin, Thiodiglycol (TDG), acetone, and methane to be detected using the system. Analysis has been carried out for these chemicals present at different locations with varying concentrations. Our analysis reveals that the DIAL system with a laser transmitter of 5 mJ energy and 203 mm receiver telescope is capable of detecting a few ppm concentrations of toxic chemicals present anywhere between the ranges from a few tens of meters to 2 km with topographic target present. The sensitivity of the system in terms of minimum detectable concentrations for the considered chemicals is also estimated for different atmospheric conditions. It is seen that the minimum detectable concentration of TDG is 3.2 ppm in clear weather conditions which increases to 9.2 ppm under a hazy atmosphere. A similar analysis has been carried out for other toxic chemicals and has been discussed in the paper.
Design of a Scan Chain for Side Channel Attacks on AES Cryptosystem for Improved Security
Authors: Sowmiya G. , Malarvizhi S.
Published: November 2023

Scan chain-based attacks are side-channel attacks focusing on one of the most significant features of hardware test circuitry. A technique called Design for Testability (DfT) involves integrating certain testability components into a hardware design. However, this creates a side channel for cryptanalysis, providing crypto devices vulnerable to scan-based attacks. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) has been proven as the most powerful and secure symmetric encryption algorithm announced by USA Government and it outperforms all other existing cryptographic algorithms. Furthermore, the on-chip implementation of private key algorithms like AES has faced scan-based side-channel attacks. With the aim of protecting the data for secure communication, a new hybrid pipelined AES algorithm with enhanced security features is implemented. This paper proposes testing an AES core with unpredictable response compaction and bit level-masking throughout the scan chain process. A bit-level scan flipflop focused on masking as a scan protection solution for secure testing. The experimental results show that the best security is provided by the randomized addition of masked scan flipflop through the scan chain and also provides minimal design difficulty and power expansion overhead with some negligible delay measures. Thus, the proposed technique outperforms the state-of-the-art LUT-based S-box and the composite sub-byte transformation model regarding throughput rate 2 times and 15 times respectively. And security measured in the avalanche effect for the sub-pipelined model has been increased up to 95 per cent with reduced computational complexity. Also, the proposed sub-pipelined S-box utilizing a composite field arithmetic scheme achieves 7 per cent area effectiveness and 2.5 times the hardware complexity compared to the LUT-based model.
Analysis of Pilot Distance Estimation in Different Lighting and Visibility Conditions
Authors: Gevrek İsmail , Akın Murat , Guru Metin
Published: November 2023

Several studies on distance and size estimation have focused on normal and night vision goggles (NVGs), but none of them have been performed during the twilight period. Hence, in this study, distance was estimated for the first time during nautical twilight. According to the findings, the accuracy of distance estimation reduces as visibility decreases and is restricted. When compared with Day Limited Helmet Mounted Display Vision (M = 5.27, SD = .59), Twilight Normal Vision (M = 5.33, SD = .69) and Twilight Helmet Mounted Display Vision (M = 5.20, SD = .61), NVG (M = 4.79, SD = .57) appears to have a lower error rate. In this study, distance was estimated considering objects determined during the helicopter flight by the pilots in different visibility conditions, which are significant in the field of aviation. This work is unique owing to its coverage of helicopter pilots and the estimation during the twilight period. In view of our findings, it may be reasonable to postpone the planned helicopter flights during poor visibility conditions.
DIGITAL TWIN IN SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT MARS
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, Russia, Dmitriev V.M. , Gembuh L.A. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, Russia, Sakhabutdinov A.E. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, Russia
Published: November 2023

The article considers a technique for constructing a digital twin to simulate the aging processes of electrical circuit components and associated gradual equipment failures. This twin is created by means of I/O boards connected to the STM 32 microcontroller. This allows you to transfer some analog signal from the object and digitize it in the microcontroller, which is then transferred to a computer running the MARS simulation environment on it. The other channel implements the same signals, but from the computer model of the object and further, the signals from the computer model and from the real object are compared using a comparator, and then visualized using a virtual oscilloscope. The hardware-software implementation of the digital twin is given. Goal: implement a digital twin of a rectifier with a filter in the MARS simulation environment. Methods. To implement a digital twin, it is necessary to assemble an electrical circuit of a real object, as well as assemble a virtual circuit based on the components of the MARS simulation environment. Then it is necessary to simulate the degradation of the parameters of a real object by lowering the capacitance of the capacitor. Comparison of voltage signals obtained from a real object and a virtual model is carried out by comparing the ripple coefficients. By the difference in ripple coefficients, determine whether the deviation of the voltage on the capacitor of the real object from the voltage on the capacitor of the virtual object is within the specified allowable range. Results. An electrical circuit of a rectifier with a filter has been assembled. A virtual circuit of a rectifier with a filter has been implemented in the MARS simulation environment. An experiment simulating the degradation of the parameters of a real object was carried out. The results obtained are visualized using a virtual oscilloscope. The pulsation coefficients and their difference are calculated. Conclusion. The experiment showed that the digital twin copes with its task, namely, the detection of a strong deviation of the given parameters from the norm.
INFORMATION MODEL OF SUPPORT OF PROCESSES OF MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION FLOWS OF THE AUTOMATED PRODUCTION
Authors:   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russia, Barkalov S.A. , Belousov V.E. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russia, Dorofeev D.V. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russia, Nizhegorodov K.A. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russia, Serebryakova E.A. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russia
Published: November 2023

In this work the problem of forming to effective information support of processes of mana¬gement of the hierarchical production including operations of completing of a product, nodes, subnodes and so on up to subnodes of the set level, at the set normative levels of number of sets taking into account duration of assembly cycles and levels of complete stocks is formulated. The described scheme implements multilevel management with the operator of the highest level of hierarchy, however do not provide reservation of production capacities on the purpose of management that contradicts problems of a system and causes relevance of this article. The research objective consists in need of increase in efficiency automated information to management systems by production structures on the basis of statistical simulation models. Research methods. Let's consider the basic principles which are been the basis for a method of probabilistic and automatic modeling. The method is based on the automata theory consisting in use of results of a machine experiment during creation of complex self-organizing information systems and also in the systems of automation of productions. The probabilistic and automatic model of an information system represents no other than aggregate model when smashing a system to the smallest one-dimensional units. The basic concepts of automatic modeling are the probabilistic automatic machine and the system of probabilistic automatic machines. Results. With growth of complexity of a production system transition to two-level, and then and to multilevel management provides more effective use of resources (capacities and stocks) for the purpose of streamlining of process of release of finished goods. Conclusion. It is defined that the full harmony of interests of control objects is achievable only at the power of flows equal 1. Two-level management provides achievement of goals of management system even at full disharmony of interests of control objects. For increase in efficiency of use of resources of information support it is necessary to build not two-level, but multilayer system of management in which the number of the “subordinate” operators submitting to one “higher” operator is not enough to provide the required level of harmony of their interests. Thus, multilevel management, along with other tasks, solves the most important problem of ensuring a certain level of harmony of the purposes of a system as whole and its elements.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF A SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE COMPLEX FOR ELECTRICITY ACCOUNTING
Authors:   LLC Chelenergopribor, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Volovich G.I. , Topolskii D.V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Topolskii N.D. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Maksimov A.A. ,   State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the VIII convocation, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2023

The presented article explores the topic of optimizing the control system software and hardware complex for electricity metering. The control system plays a crucial role in accurately measuring and monitoring electricity consumption. The main objective of this research is to identify and implement optimization techniques that enhance the performance and efficiency of the control system. Aim. Based on the analysis of existing electrical complexes, to develop an architecture, simulation digital models, effective control al-gorithms and methods of operation of an electrical complex based on three-phase digital measuring trans-formers with a control system of domestic production for electricity metering in high-voltage AC networks, ensuring operability and quality of functioning in various modes under various external influences. Mate-rials and methods. The scientific tasks have been solved using the general theory of electrical complexes and systems, the control systems theory, methods of physical, mathematical, simulation and computer modeling of components of electrical complexes and systems. Results. The article reflects the development of the general theory of electrical complexes, including digital combined measuring transformers and a control system in the form of a stand-alone integration module, in terms of optimizing system connections of components of electrical power metering complexes. Conclusion. The main practical result of the con-ducted research is the production of a prototype of an electrical complex based on prototypes of adaptive digital current and voltage transformers and an electrical complex control system for electricity metering based on a universal platform for measuring transformers. Such a construction of a digital three-phase measuring transformer and a universal terminal block (unification module) make it relatively easy to de-velop similar devices with other current and voltage ranges based on the developed prototype. In existing combined measuring transformers, such a combination of primary converters is not used.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS AND MODELS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS' ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Wagner А.R. , Loginovskiy O.V. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Published: November 2023

The issues of development of methods, models and mechanisms for managing the activities of higher education institutions in the conditions of confrontation between Russia and western countries have become increasingly significant. These external influences on public authorities, enterprises, institutions and organizations of the subjects of the Russian Federation cannot be ignored in the development of higher education science and its participation in the assessment of the effectiveness of all economic entities in the region. The development of national institutions of higher education needs new approaches, concepts, methods and models, or a significant transformation of those that are currently used in practice. Aim. The aim of the work is to create a set of mechanisms, methods and models to improve the efficiency of management of higher education institutions and their more competent interaction with public authorities and management bodies, as well as industrial enterprises and organizations located on the territory of the region. Materials and methods. The results of analysis of researches on improvement of methods, models and technologies of management of work of higher educational institutions, as well as enterprises and organizations are used. Results. The expediency of modernization of mechanisms of management of higher education institutions, as well as methods and models used in this process is shown. Conclusion. The scientifically grounded provisions defining the key directions of the development strategy of the higher education institutions' activity management system have been formulated.
Causes and Consequences of the World Financial Crisis 2008: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Maksic Adis , Delalic Selma , Olovcic Adem
Published: November 2023

This paper situates the 2008 Global Financial Crisis into the wider historical context to argue that the roots of the crisis can be traced back to the dominant economic ideology in the West during the 1970s. It shows that the corresponding financial policies, implemented by the powerful western economies during the four decades that preceded the crisis, created an institutional framework that fostered financial irresponsibility and made the crisis all but inevitable. The paper also explores the ideas that led to the stabilization of the global market as well as the role of China in charting the way ahead. Ultimately, the discussion highlights the inherent tendency of neoliberal economic ideology to create market instabilities whose consequences for the global economy can be devastating.