bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empirical Analysis Based on Online Shopping Influencing Factors of Website Characteristics College Students in Kunming for the Survey
Authors: Yang Lu Ming , Yang Xu Zhao , Li Ducang Hai
Published: August 2013

With the development of economy, online shopping has become more prominent, study found if a website has good quality dimensions will promote consumers to buy. Paper based on site characteristics, takes perceived risk and perceived emotional as intermediate variables using structural equation model (AMOS) to study consumers purchase intention. The results shown that the security impact on purchase intention by perceived risk, interactive and entertaining impact on purchase intention by perceived emotional, convenience and functionality directly impact on purchase intention.
Optimal Solving of the Contradictory Problem between Hydraulic Cylinder's Precision and Stability with Extenics Theory
Authors: Olaru Adrian
Published: August 2013

In the optimisation stage of the systems one of the more important step is the optimisation of the dynamic behavior of all elements of the system, with priority the elements what have the slow frequency, like motors. The paper try to show how will be possible to optimise very easily the dynamic behavior of elements and systems, using LabVIEW propre instrumentation, the transfer functions theory and the Extenics Theory to solve the contradictory problems. By appling the virtual LabVIEW instrumentation will be possible to choose on-line the optimal values for each constructive and functional parameters of the elements and the systems to obtain one good dynamic answer: maximal acceleration without vibration, minimum answer time and maximal precision. In the paper was defined the optimal area of the precision-stability by imposed the breaking frequency from the Bode characteristics to optain the desired acceleration time. The paper shown the desired constraints and by using the Extenics theory was possible to choose the optimal way of the precision-stability contradictory problem. In the research were used some different virtual LabVIEW instrumentation to simulate the dynamic behavior of the cylinder when the active area, flow loss gradient, force gradient were changed in the physical domain. By using the assisted research and the Extenics theory was possible to find the optimal value for the precision-stability dynamic parameter.
Numerical Study on Buckling Behaviour of Composite Cylindrical Shells under Axial Compressive Load with Asymmetric Meshing Technique
Authors: Tahir Ziaul Rehman , Mandal Parthasarathi
Published: August 2013

AMT is a perturbation technique to introduce disturbance in the model without changing geometry, boundary conditions or loading conditions. Asymmetric meshing technique is employed in the form of a band along circumferential direction of the shell model. The elements size in the band is reduced as compared with the rest of shell to produce asymmetry in the meshing and four magnitudes of asymmetry in meshing are used. Asymmetric meshing affects predicted buckling load, buckling mode shape and post-buckling behaviour. The reduction in the buckling load using AMT was observed to be about 20%. An isolated dimple formed near the bifurcation point and the size of which increased to reach a stable state in the post-buckling region. The load-displacement curve behaviour applying asymmetric meshing is quite similar to the curve obtained by introducing initial geometric imperfection in the shell model.
Lightweight Battery Electric Vehicle for Educational Purposes
Authors: Jandura Pavel , Bukvic Martin
Published: August 2013

Introducing the concept of Battery Electric Vehicle developed at the Technical University of Liberec, intended for test and educational purposes. It is a lightweight four wheeled vehicle with an open frame primarily designed for ease of access to all major vehicle components. For the main structural elements of the vehicle frame was chosen modular system of extruded aluminum profiles. The vehicle power unit consists of BLDC motor paired with multi-speed manual transmission. Traction battery with regard for the electrical safety consists of 17s LFP cells only, resulting in a nominal voltage of 55 VDC (63 VDC fully charged). Total amount of energy stored in the traction battery is 10.8 kWh.
Effect of Pilot Injection on Mixture Formation, Ignition Process and Flame Development in Diesel Combustion
Authors: Khalid Amir , Jaat M. , Zaman Izzuddin , Manshoor B. , Fawzi Mas
Published: August 2013

The alternative combustion strategies with systematic control of mixture formation have provided new opportunities and considerable improvement in the combustion process and response to meet the stringent emissions standards. Purpose of this research is to investigate the influences of pilot injection on the fuel-air premixing especially during ignition delay period. During this period, the interaction between fuel spray and surrounding gas prior to ignition which linked to the improvement of mixture formation, ignition process and initial heat recovery thus predominantly influences the combustion process and exhaust emissions. This study investigates the effects of pilot injection using a rapid compression machine together with the schlieren photography and direct photography methods. The detail behavior of mixture formation during ignition delay period was investigated using the schlieren photography system with a high speed digital video camera. This method can capture spray evaporation, spray interference and mixture formation clearly with real images. Ignition process and flame development were investigated by direct photography method using a light sensitive high-speed color digital video camera. Pilot injection promotes mixture formation during ignition delay period and slower oxidation reaction and thus leads to earlier rise and lower peak heat release rate.
Influence of the Mean Friction Pressure on the Temperatures of the Combustion Engine
Authors: Beroun Stanislav , Brabec Pavel , Dráb Ondřej , Voženílek Robert
Published: August 2013

The development of a new combustion engines is connected with endeavor for escalation of the total efficiency. Escalation of the total efficiency can be: minimization of the mechanical losses in the combustion engines or minimization of the unsuitable equipment capacity of accessories. Now research and development programs of a manufacturer of the combustion engines search effectual equipment and method for this escalation of the total efficiency. The escalation of the total efficiency is important for a minimization fuel consumption and consequently for lower emissions. The paper deals with the problem of frictional losses in internal combustion engines. It is described by measuring station built and further are shown measured values for a small car. Furthermore, in the paper presented to the selected function to approximate the measured values of friction losses, depending on the temperatures of the work fluids for a concrete RPM mode.
The Parameter Identification of the Steep Seam Goafs Structural Characteristics of the Coal and Rock Based on GPR
Authors: Miao Sheng Jun , Long Chao , Huang Guan Lin , Chen Han
Published: August 2013

Identifying the rock mass structure is crucial for disaster control and safe mining.In the south tunneling lane of the original +600 level, using detection method of GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar ) to implement the sophisticated detection of failure characteristics, groundwater and rock structure of the upper goaf. It determines the goaf structure parameters and water conditions through the comparative analysis of the information image. The result shows: there is no large goaf, the coal seam is broken seriously in part section and water is rich in the detection range (200m) from 2650 to 2850. The coal is hypostatic and whole in the section above 20m. It has a great significance to the safety of deep mining design and the prevention for disasters of the steep thick coal seam.
Aerodynamic Design Considerations for In-Flight Refueling of Unmanned Vehicles
Authors: McAndrew Ian R. , Moran Katherine
Published: August 2013

Refueling has become a significant part of military strategy for air forces to work at further distances from safe shores. This paper will address the concepts and requirements for applying this technique to unmanned vehicles in a military context for supporting fixed and rotor aircraft. The aerodynamics and aspects of human factors in the process are considered, reviewed and solutions proposed to allow for the first generation of designs to be developed. Furthermore, the practical and operational limitations will be addressed as part of the human factors implications.
Initial Alignment Error and Navigation Error Compensation Methods for SINS/CNS Integration
Authors: Yang Jia Sheng , Wang Yue Gang
Published: August 2013

To remove the navigation error accumulated in the boost phase of the missile’s SINS/CNS integration system, an error compensation algorithm is presented, which uses the saved IMU data and reverse attitude updating algorithm to remove the error caused by initial misalignments, and uses the off-line navigation computation to correct the boost phase error. The theory analysis show that the proposed algorithm’s performance is mainly dependent on the CNS precision , while the errors caused by gyro and accelerometer drift are tiny., the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the velocity error to 0.012m/s and the position error to 1.12 meter, which leads to the navigation error compensated greatly.
Damage Induced Anisotropy of Elastic Wave Velocities in Geomaterials under Uniaxial Compression: Numerical Investigation by a Quasi-Micromechanical Approach
Authors: Bui Truong Son , Do Duc Phi , Hoxha Dashnor
Published: August 2013

Damage induced anisotropy of elastic wave velocities in geomaterials under uniaxial compression is studied in this work by using a micromechanical approach. For that a two-steps homogenization technique is considered by accounting for the nucleation and growth of micro-cracks as well as the debonding effect of inhomogeneities’ interface. Some phenomenological functions are adjusted to describe the evolution of these mechanisms during loading. Through some numerical applications this method known as quasi-micromechanical approach shows their flexibility to predict damage in materials.
The Finite Element Analysis for Dimensional Accuracy in Roll Bending of Aluminum-Polymer Laminated Sheet
Authors: Kong Qing Shuai , Yu Zhong Qi , Zhao Yi Xi , Li Shu Hui
Published: August 2013

The padding assisted roll bending technology is the main method to manufacture the cylinder structure with variable thickness. In order to study the deformation behavior of the padding assisted roll bending process, a numerical simulation model of the aluminum-polymer laminated sheet three-roll bending is established based on the finite element method. In the numerical simulation model, the sheet material Al2024-T3 is selected elasto-plastic model, and the padding material nylon PA6-G is elastic model. Based on the simulation results, the following conclusions are drawn: the cylinder radius of the sheet Al2024-T3 decreases with decreasing of the ratio of the nylon PA6-G or increasing of the stroke of the upper roller; And in the direction of bend line, an appropriate thickness compensation of the nylon PA6-G can improve the consistency of the curvature of the sheet Al2024-T3.
ECOP Based Comparative Study of Thermodynamic Cycles
Authors: Yeğiner Y. , Kenç S. , Özkol İ. , Kömürgöz Güven
Published: August 2013

This study extends the application of thermo-ecological optimization technique for different thermodynamic cycles such as Brayton, Rankine, Otto. The ECOP function for these cycles will be developed and tested for efficiencies and entropy generations. And graphical representation of these developed ECOP functions will be presented in terms of governing parameters. The comparisons of all common cycles are presented by using finite-time ecological optimization.
Structure Design and Optimization of Vacuum Vessel for Spacecraft Thermal Test
Authors: Han Xiao , Liu Bo Tao , Lyu Shi Zeng , Qi Yan , Guo Feng
Published: August 2013

The space environment simulator is a facility used to conduct thermal test for spacecraft, and vacuum vessel is the main body of it. During the test process, the vacuum vessel is exerted an external pressure of 0.1MPa, and there are various pipe orifices on the body of the vessel, therefore the intensity and stability should be taken into account carefully. This paper introduces three approaches for the design of structure intensity and stability of vacuum vessel, and takes GVU-600 space environment simulator as an example, which is the first aerospace facility developed by China for Russia. One approach is calculation by rules, and the second method utilizing finite element analysis, which could check details of the structure, but the efficiency of the previous two methods is low. In the end, a mathematics approach is introduced, which utilizes the optimization model, and the design parameters could be calculated accurately and efficiently.
Analysis of Carbonization Mechanism in ULCS Continuous Casting and Control Measures
Authors: Yi Zheng Ming , Song Jia Lin , Peng Qi Chun
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the carbonization mechanism in ULCS continuous casting was discussed. It was found after analysis that carbonization was influenced by three points (the contact of powder slag layer and molten steel, the carbon pick up of carbon-rich layer and carbonization in mold). At the same time, some measures were put forward (the use of exothermic cast-on mold powder, the content of the free carbon should be reduced in the mold powder, carbon blacks is used as carbonaceous material, the use of carbon-free mold powder, stabilizing CC operation, adding MnO2 to mold powder, viscosity of mold powder should be enhanced appropriately).
Study on the Control of Gelatinous Membrane in the Process of Vinegar Trickling Fermentation
Authors: Lu Hong Mei , Zhang Li Ping , Zhang Bai Fa , Jiang Xiao Lin , Dai Lai Xin
Published: August 2013

Vinegar trickling fermentation was one of important approach for producing vinegar. But gelatinous membrane usually settled among fillers and caused vinegar fermentation termination after one month continuous fermentation when rice wine was used as vinegar fermentation raw material. After enrichment, isolation, purification and cultivation to the microbe, qualitative analysis and morphological observations were studied to the gelatinous membrane. The results indicated that the membrane formation microbe was Acetobacter xylinum and the main composition of gelatinous membrane was bacterial cellulose (BC). Several methods had been used to control BC formation in the process of vinegar trickling fermentation. The addition of phosphodiesterase can inhibit BC synthesis effectively, but cannot prevent BC formation. BC synthesis can be prevented by adjusting the composition of fermentation broth and the effective ratio of rice wine to diluted ethanol (6%v/v alcohol) was 4:6. The addition of cellulase (0.08%) can not only hydrolyze formatted BC, but also prevented BC synthesis, the final content of total acid was increased and the fermentation period was decreased. The use of cellulase (0.08%) can make the continuous vinegar trickling fermentation sustained at least 6 months.
Influence of the Steel Fiber Length on the Properties of Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Huang Ru Jie , Shi Chen , Li Guo Xin
Published: August 2013

Lightweight aggregate concrete has lower density and lower elasticity modulus, so it has better earthquake resistance. But the low strength limited the application of lightweight concrete. Steel fiber can improve the strength of lightweight aggregate concrete. In this paper, the influences of different lengths of steel fiber on the slump, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and antiflex cracking strength are investigated. The results show that adding steel fiber reduces the workability of the concrete mixture, but it improved the each strength of light weight concrete and different lengths have the different regularity of effects.
Preparation of High Strength Mortar with Silica Fume and Steel Fiber
Authors: Huang Ru Jie , Li Guo Xin , Shi Chen
Published: August 2013

Portland cement, silica fume and superplasticizer were used to obtain high strength mortar with lower water to binder ratios and suitable binder to sand ratios. The splitting tensile strength and the rupture strength of the high strength mortar were improved further by a type of arc-shaped steel fiber when the content of steel fiber was 3-6.5 vol. %. The results indicated that the tenacity of the high strength mortar improved significantly by the steel fiber.
Study on a Novel Structure of Zn Phenanthroline Malic Acid Hydrate, [Zn (C12H8N2)(C4H4O5)(H2O)](H2O)
Authors: Liu Hai Xing , Xiao Jing Zhong , Guo Huan Mei , Zhang Qing Hua , Yu Zhang Xue , Zeng Guang , Ye Kai Qi
Published: August 2013

A novel Zn complex [Zn (C12H8N2)(C4H4O5)(H2O)](H2O) has been synthesized from a hydrothermal reaction and the crystal structure has been determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Zn atom is six-coordinated by two phenanthroline N atoms, three O atoms from malic acid anion and one O atom from water. The crystal packing is stabilized by O-H...O hydrogen bonding interactions.
Analysis of the Influence on the Dynamic Characteristics of Base Isolated Frame Structure for the Elastic Stiffness of the Isolation Layer
Authors: Zhang Fang
Published: August 2013

In the design of base isolated structure, the parameter of seismic isolation layer is very important. At this problem, taking the reinforced concrete frame structure for example, using ANSYS software, the paper analyzed the dynamic characteristics of the base isolated structure, focused on the relation of the elastic stiffness of isolation layer and the isolation effects, and provided reference for reasonable selection of seismic isolation layer parameter.
An Experimental Investigation on Wear of Rail in Different Curve Radius
Authors: Zhong W. , Chen P. , Wang Y.
Published: August 2013

Among the rail defects, the transverse fatigue crack, which has been the most dangerous damage, is developed near the rail running face and grows perpendicular to the rail surface. Finally, the transverse fatigue crack would result in the failure of railway rail. In this paper, the rolling tests were performed using a JD-1 wheel/rail simulation facility without any lubricant. The tester is composed of a small wheel served as rail and a larger wheel served as wheel. The fatigue behavior of rail rollers with different materials and curve radius were investigated in detail by examining wear volume and wear scar using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that with curve radius decreasing, the wear volume of rail roller increases rapidly and the fatigue damage becomes severe. Furthermore, the cracking propagation angle increases obviously with curve radius decreasing and fatigue wear is dominating during the wear process. There appears distinct plastic deformation on the section of rail roller under small curve radius condition. For the same curve radius, the wear volume of PD3 rail is more than that of PG4 rail and the plastic deformation is more obvious. Moreover, the cracking propagation angle of PD3 rail material is smaller than that of PG4 rail. In conclusion, PG4 rail material is not suitable for the high-speed railway.
Optimization of Gearbox for Construction Machinery
Authors: Ye Jian Ping , Jiang Qing Song
Published: August 2013

The entity model of gearbox for construct machinery was created with Por/E. The entity model was imported into ANSYS with IGES. The displacements, strains and stresses of the upper cover and lower box were calculated with finite element method. The gearbox was optimized on structure and material according to the calculation results. The weight of gearbox was reduced 16kg. The calculation results show that the strength and stiffness of optimized gearbox change little.
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Technology Based on Convex Optimization Adaptive
Authors: Wang He Nian , Yi Guo Xing , Wang Chang Hong , Xie Yang Guang
Published: August 2013

In research of SINS/GPS/SS integrated navigation system and multi sensor data fusion method, we proposed an adaptive federated Kalman filtering method based on convex optimization. The method uses real-time OLS-SVM obtained information distribution factor, so that the information distribution factor can change with the local filter performance. So that can make timely response to the performance and failure of local sensors and filter, which affects the whole system accuracy. The simulation results show that, the method has stronger adaptability of model and noise interference, can effectively restrain the divergence and improves the system precision and real time.
Adaptive H2/H∞ Hybrid Filter Based on Convex Optimization
Authors: Wang He Nian , Yi Guo Xing , Wang Chang Hong , Xie Yang Guang
Published: August 2013

The INS/GPS integrated navigation as the research object, based on in-depth analysis of the multiple model filter method, the convex optimization hybrid filtering method based on adaptive optimization. OLS-SVM method utilizes real-time to obtain the weighted value of the hybrid filter, enables the weight value can be varied with the real-time filtering effect of changes. Therefore, it can effectively improve the system robustness, thus affecting the estimation precision of the whole system. The simulation results show that, the method of state model instability and filter unreliable has strong adaptability, can effectively restrain the divergence of Kalman filter, which improves the system's accuracy and robustness.
Research of Urine Analyzer Based on Color Sensor
Authors: Liu Quan Xing , Chen Hai Yan , Lu Dong Hua
Published: August 2013

Urine analysis is used in clinical medicine diagnosis method. In this paper, we introduce the urine analyzer working principle. Using the color recognition sensor chip, we design a fast urine analyzer, which is mainly constituted by several parts: LCD, keyboard control, serial communication, network interface, print, ARM Control unit, sample of sensors, motion control, color capture, brightness control, etc. we studies the test strip tests, the specific gravity of testing theory, the test principle of the turbidity , the color test, the principle of color sensor and gives a the flow chart of color test subprogram.
Six Sigma Method Applying within Environmental Management
Authors: Kralikova Ruzena , Rusko Miroslav , Badida Miroslav
Published: August 2013

The paper describes the philosophy and methodology of Six Sigma method. Six Sigma is a new methodology using old tools. It is a comprehensive system for achieving, maintaining and maximizing business success based mainly on understanding of the needs and customer expectation. With their introduction, the organizations create the way for a balanced and integrated approach in terms of economic, quality, environmental and security interests.
A Quality Monitoring Online System Using an Early Warning Abnormal Trend Distribution: A Thickness Measurement Case Study Using a LVDT
Authors: Chuo Po Chou , Huang Yi Cheng , Chiu Min Chie , Cheng Ho Chih
Published: August 2013

To assure product quality, an early warning and inspection system to predict the variation (trend) of a products quality (i.e. the product thickness) in the manufacturing process is necessary. Here, a manual online measurement of a production line installed with an online automatic warning system that will prevent manually accumulated errors from occurring is presented. Using this system, a quality trend profile will be made. The abnormal trend distribution will be obtained by randomly selecting the period of the quality trend profile and translating it into a time distribution bar chart. The monitoring online system will be pre-warned via the abnormal trend distribution. A products thickness can be obtained using a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT). The analogue signal will be transmitted to the AD converter of the PLCs analogue input channel. The digital signal will be transmitted from the series port to the remote PC via the web control unit. A profile of the products thickness measured by the LVDT will be monitored online and dynamically exhibited in the web-based remote system by using an embedded Javascript, an HTML, and a web control unit. The upper/lower thresholds will be preset in the product thickness profile. In addition, the quality monitoring system will be pre-warned via the time distribution bar chart when the abnormal trend distribution occurs. Consequently, the web-base monitoring system can be extended to remotely connect to all the LVDT devices.
Research on Data Preprocessing Technology in Location Based Service
Authors: Yang Xiao Man , Li Xiao Yu
Published: August 2013

In Location Based Services, some queries from mobile clients to databases on server can be transformed into queries from mobile clients to theirs local databases by data preprocessing and sending ahead so as to reduce the time wasted on waiting. At the same time the strategy of intelligent learning is used to improve the hit rate for service information which makes our service more suitable to users requirements. The experiments show that the technology of data preprocessing can improve the query efficiency and reduce the dependence on instability of wireless network with less data errors and data resending.
Hysteresis Modeling and Inverse Feedforward Compensation for PZT Actuator in Dual-Stage Hard Disk Drive
Authors: Rahman Md. Arifur , Han Poh Wee , Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: August 2013

With the growth of hard disk storage, it would be difficult to meet the specification of the high track density with conventional single actuator. Therefore the next generation of high speed hard disk drive uses the concept of dual-stage actuated hard disk drive where a secondary actuator is mounted onto the VCM actuator. This helps to achieve higher servo bandwidth and, therefore, more precise tracking. Improved tracking error allows higher track density and hence higher storage capacity. Piezoelectric actuator has been a popular choice as the secondary stage. However, the piezoelectric actuators exhibit an unavoidablecharacteristic of hysteresis which causes inaccuracies and oscillations in the system responses.In this paper, the hysteresis behaviour is investigated for asuspension based PZT actuator which is used as the secondary actuator of HDD available in the market. The Generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii (GPI) hysteresis model which is a phenomenological based model is obtained usingnon-linear least square curve-fitting. In the secondexperiment, a second order linear dynamics model of the PZT actuator is obtained using frequency response identificationmethod. High frequency resonance modes of the PZT actuator are eliminated using a notch filter. By integrating the obtained GPI hysteresis model with this second-order lineardynamics, a nonlinear dynamic model and an inverse feedforward controller are developed.Preliminary simulation results demonstrate that inverse feedforward controller can be appliedfor precise tracking of triangular and multiple frequency sinusoidal trajectories.
Bitplane Based Volume Morphology for 3-D Image Speckle Noise Suppressing
Authors: Jian Chen , Li Tong , Hua Jiang , Ying Zeng , Bin Yan
Published: August 2013

In 3D image processing, such as medical volume data and industrial CT volume data analysis, speckle noise suppressing significantly affects their accuracy. This paper utilizes a group of volume morphology arithmetic operators, mainly including volume open and volume close, by extending area morphology into 3-D space. Using these operators, the light and dark objects of small size could be removed directly from the 3-D space of the target objects, while the connectivity of the main 3-D target objects in the volume data is still preserved. To improve the volume morphology operations efficiency, we decompose volume data in bitplanes instead of in gray scale space to reduce the binary volumes. To verify the effect of the improved volume morphology operators, they are applied to suppress speckle noises in 3-D images of coral and rat skull and compared with original volume morphology operations. Experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can significantly reduce computing time, while maintaining comparable results to original operations results.
The Dynamic Analysis of Portal Crane with Self-Funnel under Unloading Process
Authors: He Cheng Zhong , Zhou Xi Zhi
Published: August 2013

In order to get the displacement response curve of the Portal Crane under four phase of unloading process, the vibration system was built, the vibration differential equation and displacement response expression were deduced, combining with the actual case, the displacement response expression and displacement response curve were deduced in the open grab time 1.5 s and 4 s. The results show that: the unloading process is an important factor affecting the structural vibration; Displacement peak and open grab time are inversely proportional; Increase the open grab time can reduce the vibration of the structure.
Synthesis of 2-Alkylamino/Alkoxy-3-Arylthieno[3,2-d]Pyrimidin-4(3H)-One Derivatives
Authors: Dai Qiu Hong , Liao Quan Bin , Huang Nian Yu , Liu Ming Guo
Published: August 2013

The title compounds 2-alkylamino/alkoxy-3-arylthieno [3,2-pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized by base catalytic reactions of primary amines or alcohols with carbodiimides,which were obtained from the aza-wittig reaction of iminophosphorane 2 and arylisocyanates.The conditions of cyclization and spectral properties were researched.
Corrosion Protection of Mg Alloy by a TiO2 Coating Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Cai Li , Meng Xiang , Cao Guo Qin , Li Chuan Shuai
Published: August 2013

TiO2 films were prepared on the AZ31 Mg alloy substrate by sol-gel method. The morphology was characterized via X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperses spectroscopy (EDS). The corrosion rate of the coated AZ31 mg alloy was tested with the method of orthogonal experiment design. The influence of the hydrolysis temperature, coating times, calcinations temperature and time was investigated.
Steel Microscopic Image Preprocessing and its Grain Features Extraction
Authors: Sun Qiu Dong , Qiu Yong Ping , Yan Wen Ying , Ma Wen Xin
Published: August 2013

The extraction of grains geometrical features in steel microscopic image is the important basis of metallographical analysis. In order to analyze the geometrical features automatically, firstly, we applied the double-threshold binarization and morphological transform to segment the grains and their boundaries from the gray images. Then, we presented a grain boundary tracking algorithm to separate each grain from others. Finally, we gave the definitions of grains various geometrical features (such as its size, average area, average diameter, uniformity degree and lubricity degree etc.) and their estimation methods. The experimental result shows that the given image processing method can extract grains and their boundaries efficiently. The proposed measurement methods of grains geometrical features in steel microscopic image are very helpful for more deep analysis such as the grain level evaluation, mechanical property analyzing and so on.
Study on Corrosion Resistance of Cr-Containing P110 Steel
Authors: Liang Ming Hua , Pan Zhi Yong , Zhang Xiang
Published: August 2013

The influence of Cr on corrosion behavior of P110 steel was studied in the simulated CO2 environment. The result demonstrated that the Cr cant change the effect of temperature on P110 steel. The corrosion rates of the two kinds of materials reached the peak at 90°C. The temperature has dual effects on corrosion, which caused the adhesive and productivity of corrosion product formed up 90°C are better than that formed below 90°C; The adding of Cr in the P110 steel can prohibit the local corrosion to occur.
The Engine Valve Umbrella Head Hot Forging Die Improvement Measures
Authors: Yu Hai Ning
Published: August 2013

When using monolithic hot die to forge the umbrella head of valve parts, hot die of a short life. Through the analysis of factors caused by mold, the structure design, mold material, mold manufacturing and use to take certain measures, the production practice showed that die fatigue crack generation and extended time to prolong service life, obviously improved.
Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Material Beam under Thermal Loads
Authors: Wang Ming Lu , Shi Yan Bin , Zhou Quan
Published: August 2013

The material properties of FGM beams are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness according to power law distribution. Based on the assumption that plane section remains plane and normal to the beam axis, the differential equations of motion were established for free vibration of FGM elastic beams under thermal loads and mechanical loads on the premise of the middle plane strain caused by heterogeneity of the materials. Natural frequency and dominant mode shape of FGM beams with four kinds of boundary conditions were obtained.
Water Resource Security Strategy in Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province
Authors: Peng Yan Dong , Yu Chun Yun
Published: August 2013

With the quick development of economy, increase o f population and urbanization, urban water security becomes a limited factor to fulfill the urban sustainable development. Qinhuangdao is a water shortage of resources and pollution-induced water shortage city. Under the major background of global warming, the climate of Qinhuangdao becoming warmer and drier in recent years, the precipitation has decreased correspondingly. The rivers runoff reduces obviously and the level of the groundwater drops. The quantity of usable water resource is reduced significantly. Impacted by the urbanization, social-economic development and rapid population growth, the demand of water resource increases continuously. The security situation of water resource in Qinhuangdao is becoming more severe. Through analyzing the water resource situation, existing issues and reasons in Qinhuangdao city, the author proposed regulating approaches to ensure safety of water resources.
Recent Advances in the Study of High Efficiency Novel Film Cooling Holes
Authors: Dai Ping , Yu Nai Yun
Published: August 2013

The development of a new generation of high performance aircraft turbine jet engine desires gas turbines to be operated at very high rotor inlet gas temperatures. This brings a problem on the effective cooling of turbine blades. Up to now, modified film cooling is still an effective cooling technique. The influence of air-film hole structures on the air-film cooling efficiency cant be ignored. A survey of the research results concerning novel air-film cooling hole about home and abroad were given and high efficiency crescent air-film hole geometry was put forward. Through a comparative study of film cooling characteristic with cylindrical air-film hole and forward diffused air-film hole and crescent air-film hole found effectiveness of the crescent air-film hole was superior to other air-film holes in various blowing ratios. The crescent air-film hole could greatly reduce the kidney vortex intensity, and then enhanced the air-film cooling effectiveness.
Controlled Fabrication of the CdS Nanocrystals Films and its Application in Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: He Wei Wei , Jia Hui Min , Lei Yan
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we fabricated the CdS nanocrystals film on indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates through one-step solvothermal treatment of cadmium nanocrystals layer and sulfur powder in the presence of absolute ethanol. And then we spin-coated a poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) layer in the CdS film, and finally evaporated an Au electrode through a shadow mask. The resulting products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). A photovoltaic performance measurement of the fabricated device (ITO/CdS:P3HT/Au) shows a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 0.82 mA cm2, and a power conversion efficiency (η) of 0.03% under an illumination of 100 mW/cm2.
The Preparation and Properties of Chloroprene Rubber (CR)/Organic Montmorillonite (OMMT) Nanocompoistes
Authors: Sun Cui Hua , Gu Zheng , Li Pei Yao , Song Guo Jun , Shan Chun Peng
Published: August 2013

The CR/OMMT nanocomposites were prepared by mechanical blending, and the microstructure and properties of nanocomposites were studied. The half-exfoliated organoclay nanocomposites with uniform dispersion were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the cure characteristic, physics mechanical and anti-aging properties of CR/OMMT nanocomposites due to the percent of OMMT were discussed. The results showed that the tear strength and the tensile strength of the nanocomposites with 5 phr OMMT were improved by 49% and 53.3%, respectively. The anti-aging properties of nanocomposites were improved greatly. OMMT could participate in the vulcanization reaction, reduced the cure time (T90) of nanocomposites, and raised the production efficiency.
Studies of Mechanical Properties and Absorption of Lightweight Concrete with Brazilian Expanded Clay
Authors: Angelin Andressa Fernanda , Lintz Rosa Cristina Cecche , Gachet-Barbosa Luísa Andréia
Published: August 2013

Brazilian Expanded Clay. The production process in a rotary kiln (or nodule) used in Brazil, characterized by the fact that certain materials expand when subjected to high temperatures (between 1000 °C and 1350 °C), such as some clays. In this temperature range, some of the material melts generating a viscous mass, while the other part chemically decomposes releasing gases which are incorporated by this mass, expanding by up to seven times its initial volume, the pore structure being maintained after its cooling. This manufacturing process promotes the formation of a glazed layer on the outside with low particle porosity, which significantly reduces the water absorption, has varying particle size and regular rounded shape, and its specific gravity comprised within the range from 0.64 to 1.51 kg/dm3 [4, .
Transformation of Minerals in Coal and Biomass upon Heating and their Impacts on Co-Firing
Authors: Wu Tao , Yan Jie Feng , Shi Kai Qi , Zhao Hai Tao , Wang Yao Dong
Published: August 2013

Co-firing has been adopted as a major approach for the efficient use of biomass as an energy source in large scale for two decades. Such a practice contributes to the decarbonisation in power generation sector and therefore to the mitigation of CO2 emission. However, due to the differences in terms of thermal behaviors between biomass and coal, the co-firing of some biomasses with coal still presents many engineering problems, such as excessive fouling and slagging, which subsequently result in deteriorated boiler efficiency. The understanding of the transformation of minerals upon heating and how minerals originated in biomass affect ash fusion characteristics is of some significance for both design and operation purposes. In this study, low temperature ash (LTA) samples of biomass and coal were prepared and analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled energy diffraction spectrum (EDS), the results of which were compared with their corresponding high temperature ash (HTA) samples. The transformation of minerals upon heating was therefore studied. The ash fusion characteristic temperatures of ash samples derived from different biomass and coal blends were investigated. The ash fusion characteristic temperatures show some additive behaviors.
Implementation of Low Impact Development Concept for New Town Construction in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Ree Ho , Lee Jung Hun , Kim Mik Yeong , Lee Hyun Dong
Published: August 2013

New approach in stormwater management is urgent to address those water related problems and supplement the limitations of existed water management system. It should have functions to restore water and heat cycles in urban areas, that is, to restore hydrological cycle by promoting infiltration and evaporation, to secure water resources, to alleviate heat island phenomena, to prevent urban flood, and to conserve and restore the ecosystem. LID practices are one of prominent measures to mitigate the impacts of development and urbanization. It is important to have a LID approach in the step of site development planning. LID facilities could be categorized as flow control devices, detention, retention, vegetated filtration, infiltration and treatment. LID emphasizes local, decentralized solutions that capitalize on the beneficial services that natural ecosystem functions can provide. LID also focuses on controlling urban runoff and pollution right at the source, rather than at the end of the storm drain outlet. Since there are many different aspects of LID approach, the policy to promote or regulate LID should consider water, energy and ecology conservation.
Syntheses and Characterizations of Cobalt Doped Mesoporous Alumina Templated by Rubber Latex and its Adsorption of Acetaldehyde
Authors: Zhe Wei , Zhu Bao Kun , Liao Tou Gen , Li Zhi Qiang , Yang Hai Yan , Luo Xia , Wang Xin , Wang Jia Qiang
Published: August 2013

Mesoporous cobalt doped aluminium oxide (Co/MAl2O3/RL) was synthesized using rubber latex as biotemplate by hydrothermal method. The synthesized mesoporous aluminium oxide samples were characterized by a combination of various physicochemical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2adsorption/desorption and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Espciallly, Co/MAl2O3/RL exhibited a high efficiency of acetaldehyde adsorption from mixed gaseous mixture.
Measurements of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Wastewater Samples with Nanofiltration Pretreatment
Authors: Zhang Chao Jie , Zhao Xiao Yun , Qi Xing Xing , Chen Qian , Zhou Qi
Published: August 2013

Conventional dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) measurements for water samples with high dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) ratio are incorrect due to the cumulative analytical errors of independently measured nitrogen species (DIN and TDN). In this study, we present a nanofiltration (NF) pretreatment to increase the accuracy and precision of DON measurements by selectively concentrating DON while passing through DIN species in water samples to reduce the DIN/TDN ratio. Compared to the available dialysis pretreatment method, the NF pretreatment method shows a similar improved performance for DON measurement for aqueous samples and can save at least 20 h of operating time and a large volume of deionized water, which is beneficial for laboratories involved in DON analysis. To prove the feasibility of the pretreatment, we collected and compared effluent samples from two sewage water treatment plants. The result shows that with the pretreatment, the DIN to TDN ratio has significantly decreased while the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) recovery has been increased. So this NF pretreatment is available.
Effects on the Land Leveling Project Investment
Authors: Chen Yun Chun , Zhang Jian Sheng , Liu Wen Min , Yu Jian Xin
Published: August 2013

Land consolidation project mainly includes the flat land, irrigation and drainage, roads, farmland protection and ecological environment conservation and so on. Land leveling project is the key project construction of land consolidation project. The ground slope, soil type, ridge height, labor wage, material price and bulldozing transportation distance are the main factors affecting the land leveling project investment. In this paper, it was mainly analyzed for the engineering characteristic and the change regularity of engineering characteristics among ground slope, ridge height, additional land area and the field width. And the factor of influencing land leveling project investment was put forward, which can provide a certain reference value for the management of land consolidation project budget funds.
Mesoporous TiO2 Prepared by Using Lac Red as Template：Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption of Gaseous Acetaldehyde
Authors: Wang Ming Feng , Liao Tou Gen , Zhu Bao Kun , Wang Yao , Duan Yan Qing , Shi Yang Mei , Wang Yan Mei , Wang Jia Qiang
Published: August 2013

Mesoporous TiO2 with anatase crystalline structure (MTiO2) has been synthesized by using Lac Red as template. The synthesized mesoporous titania samples were characterized by a combination of various physicochemical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), N2 adsorption/desorption. It was found that without any external doping MTiO2 exhibited significant high adsorption abilities for adsorbing the gaseous acetaldehyde by the adsorption ratio of 39.15%.
Evaluation of the Behaviour of Mortar with the Addition of Rubber
Authors: Ferreira Isabel Kuntz , Gachet-Barbosa Luisa Andréia , Cecche Lintz Rosa Cristina , Russo Seydell Maria Rachel , Jaquiê Ribeiro Lubienska Cristina Lucas
Published: August 2013

This research studies the mechanical behaviour of mortars with the addition of increasing percentages of rubber from used tires. This type of mortaris usually destined to wall coating and components, in which case it should present the required properties. In this study natural sand has been partially substituted by fine aggregate from recycled rubber and the hard state properties have been evaluated. The results obtained indicate the technical viability of the substitution. With the use of recycled aggregate the quality of the mortars has been preserved, which shows the possibility to properly adequate the destination of discharged rubber aiming to minimize environmental impacts and to reduce natural sand extraction from non renewable sources.
Simulation and Optimization of Gasoline Vapor Absorption Separation
Authors: Huang Wei Qiu , Zheng Zong Neng , Shi Li , Hu Zhi Lun
Published: August 2013

The absorption separation method is often applied to recover the gasoline vapor. Several absorbents with good performance, such as dioctyl phthalate, dinonyl phthalate, squalane and AbsFOV-II, were selected to absorb the gasoline vapor from the vapor-air mixture. Based on the simulation software Aspen Plus, the absorption effect of the absorbents on the vapor was evaluated, and some key factors such as the plate number of the absorption tower, the temperature of the absorbents, and the liquid-gas ratio were considered and simulated for the gasoline vapor absorption. The simulation results showed that AbsFOV-II was the most effective absorbent, and the optimized process conditions for the gasoline vapor absorption were as follows: the tower plate number, the absorbent temperature and the liquid-gas ratio were 10, 15 °C and 70 L/m3, respectively, and then the absorption efficiency can be access to 97.5%. The simulation results can provide some guidance for the improvement and optimization of the vapor absorption process.
A Numerical Evaluation of Insulated CFRP-Strengthened RC Beams Exposed to Fire
Authors: Sayin Baris , Damcı Erdem
Published: August 2013

There are mainly two approaches to improve the fire resistance of FRP systems. While the most common way is to protect or insulate the FRP systems, the other way is to use fibers and resins with better fire-performance. In this paper a numerical investigation for evaluating the fire behavior of insulated CFRP-strengthened RC beams is presented.The effects of external loading and thermal expansion of materials in both the structural and the thermal behavior of composite elements due to loading and elevated temperatures are taken into consideration in a finite element model. The validity of the numerical model isdemonstrated withthe results from an existing experimental study on insulated CFRP-strengthened RC beam. The conclusions of this investigation have been employed to predict the structural behavior of concrete structures successfully.