bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Audit of Radiographs Following Maxillofacial Injuries in Sultanah Nora Ismail Batu Pahat Hospital
Authors: Xin Terk Hui , Balasundram Sathesh
Published: January 2025

Scope:

Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) trauma cases seen from 04/ 2012- 07/2012 in Hospital Sultanah Nora Ismail Batu Pahat (HSNI).

Objectives:

1: To identify the appropriateness of the types of radiographs ordered. 2: To evaluate the quality of radiographs taken.

Materials and Methods:

A clinical audit involving 221 skull radiographs from a consecutive series of 76 patients attending the Accident and Emergency Department and the OMFS Clinic with suspected facial injuries was performed. Patients' records and radiographs were assessed and relevant data was collected and collated.

The quality of the radiographs was assessed according to the subjective quality rating system by Guidance Notes for Dental Practitioner on Safe Use of X-ray Equipment 2001. The appropriateness of radiograph type requested by the officers were compared against standards according to the recommendation in Oxford Handbook Dental Patient Care 2nd Edition (2005) and Dental Update (2006).

Results:

The majority of skull radiograph requests were from the Department of Accident and Emergency (A&E) and the OMFS Department. A total of 66.1% of radiograph requests were from A&E house officers (HO) or medical officers (MO), and 26.7% of requests were from dental officers in OMFS, 3.6% from dental officers on-call and 2.3% from medical officers from other departments in HSNI. The requesting clinician for 1.3% of the radiographs could not be ascertained. From the 221 skull radiographs ordered, 151 of them were ordered inappropriately. 85.4% of inappropriate requests came from A&E department, 1.3% from dental officers on-call, 10% from dental officers in OMFS department, and 3.3% from other departments' medical officers. Based on the quality rating, only 26.7% was of good quality, 36.2% was categorized as acceptable, and the remaining 37.1% was classified as poor.

Conclusion:

The importance of radiographs cannot be underestimated and they are extremely crucial in the assessment and diagnosis of patients. This audit is aimed to further enhance the management of our patients by evaluating our current maxillofacial radiography practice and to continually improve in our patient care.
Surgical Removal of an Unusual Foreign Body (marble ball) in the Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Shim CK , Fam TL , Ding LWJ , Lee YC , Rostam I , Mohd HK
Published: January 2025

Cases of foreign bodies in maxillary sinuses are rare. Most causes of foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus are iatrogenic. Most foreign bodies retrieved from maxillary sinuses have some connection with dentistry. In our case report, our patient is a 54- year old Malay male who came with complain of discomfort and laceration wounds on his left face. Radiography investigation presented a well circumscribed radiopacity in the left maxillary sinus. Whatever type of foreign body, even if the patient is asymptomatic, it should be removed to prevent possible chronic infections. Contribution to the profession: Endoscopic sinonasal surgery via a meatotomy is the treatment of choice, as it is less invasive compared to other techniques. However, sometimes intra- oral surgical approaches have to be used because of the size or nature of the foreign body as in the above case. The foreign body as describe in this case report is a marble ball and it is removed with Caldwell Luc technique under local anesthesia successfully
The use of 3-Dimensional Biomodel in Planning Paediatric Craniofacial Surgery
Authors: Hariri F , Kadir K , Nabil S , Jabar MN Abd , Samsudin AR , Rahman ZAA , Waran V , Ganesan D
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This study aimed to review the usefulness and advantages of the application of 3-dimensional (3D) biomodel in planning for paediatric craniofacial surgery.

Methods:

This study involved 11 paediatric patients (aged 5 months to 6 years old) presenting with congenital craniofacial abnormalities that had their 3D biomodels fabricated prior to the surgical intervention from 2009 to 2014. Standard craniofacial surgical protocol was practiced in our centre and data from the protocol were used for this review.

Results:

There were 12 biomodels fabricated involving cases of 6 Crouzon syndromes, 1 Apert syndrome, 2 isolated craniosynostosis, 1 Tessier type 4 oro-oculofacial cleft and 1 meningocele. The 3D biomodels fabricated were used for pre-surgical planning, pre- operative surgical procedure simulation to achieve precision, education purpose and communication tools between surgeons and patients' guardian.

Conclusion:

Three-dimensional biomodel can be considered as a useful tool in providing valuable information and assisting complicated paediatric craniofacial surgery.
Management of Unilateral Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Ankylosis in a Growing Child – A Case Report
Authors: Yoong CS , Adnan K , Ramasamy SN
Published: January 2025

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a significant complication of untreated mandibular condyle fracture in growing children. It results in disturbance in mandibular growth and severe limitation of mouth opening which leads to difficulty in oral intake and speech, poor oral health and negatively affecting psychosocial performance. This case report describes the typical clinical presentation and management of a 14-year-old boy diagnosed with left TMJ ankylosis post trauma. Patient was treated surgically by left mandibular condyle gap arthroplasty with interpositional graft using temporalis myofascial flap and ipsilateral coronoidectomy. Aggressive physiotherapy was initiated immediately post surgery. Unfortunately, poor patient motivation and compliance towards active physiotherapy caused gradual decrease of mouth opening over time. Amid challenging surgical technique with high incidence of recurrence, patient's cooperation is important in ensuring the long term success of treatment.
Unicystic ameloblastoma of the mandible
Authors: Badwal JS , Modi R , Garg S
Published: January 2025

The unicystic ameloblastoma is a rarely encountered variant of the ameloblastoma. This article presents the case of a 20 years old female patient who presented with unicystic ameloblastoma of the mandible. Considering the patient's age, conservative treatment was preferred as per literature guidelines. Complete enucleation of the lesion was done followed by chemical cauterization with carnoy's solution. Histopathological examination remains one of the most important tools in the diagnosis of this lesion.
Incidental Finding of Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum (Warthin's Tumour) in Neck Dissection For Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jalil AA , Hanim NI , Lau SH , Mustafa WMW
Published: January 2025

A 66 year old Chinese gentleman diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the right lower alveolar ridge had undergone wide tumour excision with marginal mandibulectomy and ipsilateral neck dissection. In the neck dissection specimen, metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was present in one lymph node and an unusual finding of a Warthin's tumour in a soft tissue mass, initially thought to be an enlarged lymph node. This case report serves to illustrate that in neck dissections, pathologists not only have to assess whether there is any evidence of metastasis from the primary tumour but also to be aware of other lesions coexisting pathologies such as Warthin's tumour.
Lingually Displaced Third Molar Root during Surgical Removal – A Case Report
Authors: Jalil NA , Maarof F , Chao FQ
Published: January 2025

Background:

Displacement of tooth into the lingual space is a rare complication of surgical removal of third molars. Once displaced, its retrieval is often difficult due to poor visualization and limited access.

Case Presentation:

This case report is of a lingually displaced third molar seen in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) Department of Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. A 24 years old female patient who attended the OMFS department had her 48 removed by a first year dental officer in the department. During removal, the root of her 48 was accidentally displaced into the lingual space. With the aid of an orthopantomogram (OPG), the fragment was later removed by the consultant oral & maxillofacial surgeon using blunt dissection and manual palpation.

Conclusion:

Iatrogenic lingual displacement of lower third molar root during surgical removal is a rare but complex complication. Appropriate imaging, good preoperative evaluation and competent instrumentation and techniques may reduce the incidence of iatrogenic displacement of tooth during surgical removal.
The Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Jaws – An Enigma
Authors: Pogrel MA
Published: January 2025

This article summarizes 30 years of clinical research on medical treatments for the central giant cell granuloma of the jaws. The treatment prescribed, and the results obtained are described for intralesional steroid injections, subcutaneous calcitonin injections, and denosumab given by subcutaneous injection. All treatments have the ability to cause reossification of central giant cell granulomas with a low incidence of recurrence, and may be the treatment of first choice for many patients.
Oral Piercings
Authors: Nair P
Published: January 2025

Body piercings in Malaysia have evolved over the years from a cultural practice to one bearing a strong psychological significance among adolescents and young adults. A brief introduction to the types of piercing jewellery and an overview of the risks and complications secondary to oral and perioral piercings are discussed. A 24 year old female presented with a lower lip abscess secondary to a dislodged perioral piercing that was successfully located using intraoral periapical radiography and comprehensively treated through incision, blunt dissection and retrieval of the dislodged foreign body supplemented with a course of antibiotics. Enforcement of stringent regulations is required in Malaysia with regards to minimal age of piercing, piercer licensing and piercing materials used. Public awareness of risks and complications associated with oral and perioral piercings need to be instilled among the target population at risk of such practices. The National Oral Health Promotion Programme in schools provides a window of opportunity for raising awareness and ensuring the target population is well informed on piercing practices. Dental practitioners play an important role in informing the target population involved in oral and perioral piercing practices of the risks and complications. More in depth studies should be carried out in this area and the government should strictly regulate piercing practices in Malaysia.
Revisiting the basis of perioperative fluid management in oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Hariri F , Hariri F
Published: January 2025

Oral and maxillofacial surgery involves a wide scope of operative procedures to correct abnormality in the head and neck region. The abnormality can be secondary to trauma, diseases, neoplasia and congenital anomalies, among others, and occasionally may involve medically compromised patients or requiring major reconstructive procedures to repair massive maxillofacial defects. All these patients are subjected to fluid and blood losses from the stress and injury induced from the operation. With progressive expansion of the scope in this specialty, more surgically extensive procedures such as craniofacial and maxillofacial reconstructive surgery are being performed. As such, it is necessary for every oral and maxillofacial surgeon to equip themselves with adequate knowledge in the peri-operative management of fluid and blood losses to optimize comprehensive patient care. This article aims to revisit important aspects of peri-operative fluid management in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Clinical Practice Guidelines on Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Oral Surgery for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Vincent Christopher , Royan Stephen Joseph , Hamid Abdul Latif Abd , Al-Junid Sharifah Tahirah , Omar Syed Nabil Syed , Omar Norhayati , Kian Chan Yoong , Wahab Zubaidah Abdul , See Foo Yen , Junid Nooral Ziela , Zakaria Salleh , Shamdol Zainab
Published: January 2025

The rational use of antibiotics is important to prevent the ever increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance. In oral surgery, it can also assist in improving treatment outcomes, reducing adverse reactions and treatment costs when antibiotics are used as surgical prophylaxis. These clinical practice guidelines were developed to assist dental clinicians make informed decisions on prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infections. The guidelines were developed by a committee set up by the Ministry of Health Malaysia. Development of these guidelines was carried out by a process of literature search, evidence retrieval, discussion and appraisal followed by formulation of graded recommendations. The recommendations made related to procedures and antibiotic usage. The document was independently reviewed by local and international experts before being approved by the Ministry of Health Malaysia.
A 10 Years Retrospective Study of Oral Cancer in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Han Fong Siew , Lim Chia Min , Wong Ling Vuan , Abidin Marzuki bin Zainal
Published: January 2025

This retrospective study aims to present a 10 year overview of oral cancer at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital. All patients with histologically confirmed malignant oral lesions from 2005 till 2016 were enrolled. Data were extracted with a standardized data collection form, which included patient's demographic background, habits practised, clinical and histopathological features, types of treatment, reasons patients refused treatment and management outcome. Kaplan Meier method was used to analyze the 5-year survival time and rate. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common oral cancer. It has a slight female predilection and was found mostly in patients with a mean age of 60±14.22-years-old and among the Dusun ethnicity. Majority of patients (74.8%) showed no functional deficit and few (12.6%) had pre-malignant lesions. Most of the SCC was found in stage IV (59.1%) and tongue was the common site (49.9%). 37.4% of patients received surgical excision and half of them underwent neck dissection. The 5-year overall survival rate was 50.86% and the survival time for those patients who received surgery, palliative management, concurrent chemo-radiotherapy and refused treatment were 77, 15, 12 and 30 months respectively. SCC and salivary gland malignancy were the two most common oral malignancies in this 10 year cohort. The five year survival outcome for SCC was poor when patients presented at stage IV. Surgery remained the treatment of choice and survival expectancy was significantly prolonged with surgical intervention.
Oral and maxillofacial tumours in paediatric and adolescent patients presenting to Hospital Kuala Lumpur in a 10 year period
Authors: Mustafa Wan Mahadzir , Yunus Noraini N N , Hin Lau Shin , Yusof Eleena
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to document the pattern of paediatric tumours treated in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Paediatric Dentistry Hospital Kuala Lumpur, during a 10-year period. Data of patients were retrieved from the operation theatre book from the year 2000 to 2009. The collection of data included gender, age, location, histopathology and treatment of the tumour. The patients' ages ranged from 4 to 18 years. There was an equal sex distribution. The majority of patients were Malays (53.3%, n=32) followed by Chinese (30.0%, n=18) and the remaining patients were Indian (13.3%, n=8) and others (3.3%, n=2). Among 60 incident cases, 52 cases were benign and 7 cases were malignant and 1 unclassified. Odontomes were the most prevalent tumour followed by ameloblastomas. Ewings Sarcoma was the most common malignant tumour. The maxilla was the main site of occurrence of oral and maxillofacial tumours in children and adolescence presenting to our Hospital. Treatment modality was mainly surgical for both benign and malignant tumors. Combined surgery and chemotherapy were employed in patients who had Ewings and Osteogenic Sarcoma. Most oral and maxillofacial tumors of children are benign, malignant tumors of soft tissue, salivary glands and bones must be taken into account. A mainly conservative approach was the preferred method of treatment in these children and adolescents.
Osseous Choristoma of The Tongue
Authors: Dong Koon Zheng , Royan Stephen Joseph
Published: January 2025

Osseous choristoma refers to histologically normal bone found in an ectopic site. It is rare intraorally but when present, the dorsum of the tongue is the most common location. It is a benign lesion of unknown aetiology. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and definitive diagnosis is by histology. Recurrence is rare.
Osteonecrosis and Spontaneous Teeth Exfoliation in the Maxilla
Authors: Kadir Kathreena , Omar Norhayati
Published: January 2025

Herpes zoster is a common viral infection, of which the oral soft tissue manifestations are widely known and recognized. However, reports of osteonecrosis and spontaneous tooth loss following herpes zoster infection of the fifth cranial nerve are extremely rare. Only fewer than 35 previously documented cases of post-zoster osteonecrosis have been found in literature. Up to now, no exact mechanism by which herpes zoster induces these destructive changes in the alveolar bone and teeth has been proposed. We are reporting an additional case of osteonecrosis and spontaneous teeth exfoliation following herpes zoster infection, which occurred in the right maxilla of a young man whose Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status remained undiagnosed until the osteonecrosis of the jaw became apparent. The local surgical therapy turned out to be successful. In this paper, the importance of this potential complication of herpes zoster of the trigeminal nerve is highlighted, and the correlation between osteonecrosis and HIV infection is discussed.
Soft Tissue Ameloblastoma – A Recurrence or A Separate Entity?
Authors: Selvaraju Kalpana , Mahmood Nur Izzati , Singh Taranjit Kaur Satnam , Tahir Nur Fazilah Mohd , Balasundram Sathesh
Published: January 2025

Ameloblastoma are slow growing, benign but locally aggressive odontogenic tumours of epithelial origin. There are three different clinical types of ameloblastoma – the intraosseous or multicystic type, the well circumscribed unicystic type and the rare peripheral ameloblastoma. The destructive and invasive behavior gives it a high recurrence rate, especially the multicystic variant.

We report a case of a young lady with a previous diagnosis of ameloblastoma, who reported after 2 years with a cheek swelling. Further clinical and radiological investigations led to surgical excision of the tumour. The histopathological investigation reported it as an ameloblastoma in the soft tissue. Ameloblastoma may occur in the soft tissue as a peripheral ameloblastoma or as a soft tissue recurrence of the primary tumour. These soft tissue ameloblastomas occurring in extragingival site are uncommon but have been reported. This case highlights the importance of identifying the possible differential of a soft tissue mass as soft tissue ameloblastomas.
Prognostic factor analysis of late stage oral squamous cell carcinoma in a 10 year cohort
Authors: Hau Jovian Ling Zhi , Lim Chia Min , Han Fong Siew
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

This study aims to present a 10-year retrospective prognostic factor analysis of late stage oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) seen in an oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) clinic within a tertiary hospital of Malaysia.

Methods:

182 patients with pathologically confirmed advanced OSCC treated in a tertiary hospital had their complete clinical and follow-up data recorded. The 5 year survival rate was calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Positive contributing factors among groups were identified with Simple Cox Regression analysis and further analyzed with Multiple Cox Proportional hazard regression model to examine the interaction between them.

Results:

The overall mean survival time was 47.90 months with a 37.5% average 5-year survival rate. Our univariate analysis showed that stage IV SCC, lymph node category N2 and the presence of perineural invasion were risk factors affecting prognosis individually (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis found neck node status and perineural invasion as significant predictive factors.

Conclusions:

Neck node status and perineural invasion were the true factors affecting prognosis of late stage disease. The risk of death was increased by 8.8 times when lymph node category is N2.
Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor on the Lower Lingual Gingiva
Authors: Ng Kar Tsyeng , Tay Hui Wen , Namkabir Singh , Ong Wan Choon , Kovipillai Ferdinand J
Published: January 2025

Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor (ECMT) is an extremely rare, benign, slow-growing intraoral neoplasm that occurs mostly on the anterior dorsal surface of the tongue. To date, approximately 74 cases have been reported. The purpose of this report is to highlight the first reported case of ECMT occuring on the lower anterior lingual gingiva of a 26-year-old Malay lady in Malaysia.
Reconstruction of depressed frontal bone fracture
Authors: Nawi Noor Azwani Mat , Lim Daniel , Hamdan Mukhriz
Published: January 2025

A frontal bone fracture may range from isolated anterior table fractures resulting in an aesthetic deformity to complex fractures involving the outflow tract, orbits, and intracranial structure. Treatment options depend on fracture site, degree of fracture displacement and any associated structure involved such as involvement of orbital wall fracture. In depressed frontal bone fracture, the aesthetic forehead contour is an important consideration for repair. Hence, the reconstruction of the frontal bone defect aims to restore the bony contour and improve facial aesthetics as well as provide a safe sinus to prevent future complications. Numerous reconstructive materials and surgical approaches for frontal bone defect have been discussed in the literature. However, the ideal method of frontal bone repair is still debatable. Here, we present a simple approach for depressed frontal bone repair using titanium meshwork through an existing laceration. Reconstruction of the depressed frontal bone with titanium mesh provides excellent forehead contour and the technique carries little risks and complications.
Bilateral Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis with Myositis Ossificans of the muscles of mastication
Authors: Zainal Sharifah Azlin Juliana Syed , Bustaman Ahmad Fahmi , Murray Sophia Ann , Nathan Ashwin
Published: January 2025

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is the fusion of mandibular condyle to the glenoid fossa. Myositis Ossificans meanwhile is a rare condition that is characterized by bone depositions in the muscles or soft tissues. Myositis ossificans is benign and a result of heterotopic bone formation in the muscles of mastication. It is an uncommon finding, which produces limitations in the opening of the jaws. This case report presents a case of temporomandibular joint ankylosis with Myositis ossificans of the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. The present case emphasizes on the treatment of bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis and the removal of calcified masses limiting the mouth opening of the patient.
Oncocytoma – A cause for parotid swelling
Authors: Din Salina , Hin Lau Shin , Mustafa Wan Mahadzir
Published: January 2025

The parotid gland is the largest of all salivary glands and most commonly affected by benign tumours. We present a case of parotid swelling which was clinico- radiographically suspected to be either a pleomorphic adenoma or Warthin's tumour which are the commonest tumours of salivary glands. Extracapsular dissection was performed under general anaesthesia. Histopathologically, the lesion was reported as oncocytoma. Oncocytoma, a glandular neoplasm composing large cells with bright eosinophilic granular cytoplasm with central round nuclei, is rarely suspected to be the cause for parotid swelling given the rarity of this entity.
A successful Treatment Outcome of Endodontic – Implant Pathosis
Authors: Sreedharan Sujesh , Cheong Ngeow Wei
Published: January 2025

Dental implants are the norm of today's dentistry and are the answer for replacement of both missing tooth/teeth and edentulism. A factor of concern during treatment planning is the pulpal and peri – radicular condition of teeth adjacent to the implant site. Peri – radicular pathosis may initiate implant periapical lesions (IPL) which subsequently jeopardize the dental implant. IPL is the infectious – inflammatory process of the tissues surrounding the dental implant apex interface. This case report presents a case history related to IPL, which was caused by a pre-existing endodontic lesion from the adjacent tooth. Diagnosis is achieved by studying the presence of signs and symptoms such as pain, swelling, suppuration or fistula and radiographic examination. A diagnostic classification is proposed to establish the stage of the lesion, and determine the best treatment option accordingly. The aim was to report the success of treating IPL which was caused by the presence of radicular cyst from neighbouring infected tooth.
Visual Enhance Lesion Scope (VELscope) in Assessing Oral Melanocytic Lesion
Authors: Mohd Ali Nurhanna , Hazim Yassin Mohd Azfar , Nazer Berahim , Mohd Ariff Tengku Fazrina Tengku , Abdul Wahab Hazmyr
Published: January 2025

Scope:

Oral melanotic macule is a benign pigmented lesion that tends to occur in the fifth decade of life. The lesions are usually single, smaller than 1cm, but they may also occur as multiple lesions. The most common intraoral sites are the buccal mucosa, lip, palate and gingiva. The average age of presentation is 43 years old, with a female predilection. A 61-year-old Malay female presenting with 2 pigmented lesions on the alveolar ridge of the maxilla was evaluated. They were dark brown, flat & irregularly bordered. No abnormalities were observed in the cone beam computed tomography scan. A biopsy is recommended to distinguish these lesions from other oral melanocytic lesions. This article discusses the utilization of VELscope as a diagnostic tool aiming to provide an accurate diagnosis of oral melanocytic lesion.
Infraorbital nerve sensory disturbances in relation to zygomatic complex fracture
Authors: Loong Soh Chen , Nadira Anuar Alia , Syahida Rusli Nur
Published: January 2025

Aim:

The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and recovery of infraorbital nerve sensory disturbances following the occurrence of zygomatic complex fractures.

Method:

61 patients from 2017 to 2019 who sustained zygomatic complex fractures and received treatment at a tertiary care centre in Malaysia were recruited for this study. The patterns of the fractures were reviewed and classified using the classification proposed by Zingg et al. Infraorbital nerve disturbances were recorded before and after treatment.

Result:

21 patients (34.4%) developed infraorbital nerve disturbances following trauma. 16 patients (26.2%) were treated via open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and 5 patients (8.2%) via conservative management. Patients who sustained Type C fractures that reported infraorbital nerve disturbances numbered 11 cases (37.9%) while Type B fractures numbered 10 cases (41.7%). After 3 months, 11 patients treated via ORIF and 1 patient treated conservatively reported recovery of the infraorbital nerve sensation.

Conclusion:

The more serious the fracture displacement is, the worse the prognosis with regard to infraorbital nerve recovery. ORIF of severe fracture displacement may improve outcome of infraorbital nerve recovery following zygomatic complex trauma.
A generalization of Chebyshev-Markov type inequality
Authors: Zhu Li , Wu Feng , Zhao Yuelin , Yang Yvxiang , Zong Wanxie
Published: January 2025

Получены новые обобщения неравенств типа Чебышeва-Маркова. Применение этих неравенств к некоторым классам симметричных и асимметричных распределений показывает, что они являются более точными, чем неравенство Чебышeва.
Новое условие эргодичности цепей Маркова с общим пространством состояний
Authors: Golubin Aleksei Yur'evich
Published: January 2025

В статье предложено новое условие - двухкомпонентная декомпозиция цепи Маркова - гарантирующее не только существование единственного стационарного распределения, но и эргодичность цепи Маркова при выполнении дополнительного предположения возвратности по Харрису. Приведено сравнение предлагаемого условия с условием Дeблина и условием $\phi$-неприводимости цепи. Также решен пример, иллюстрирующий полученные результаты.
О соответствии между задачами об оптимальной остановке на конечном и бесконечном временных интервалах
Authors: Muravlev Alexey Anatol'evich
Published: January 2025

В работе P. Van Moerbeke (Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 60:2 (1976), 101-148) было показано, что между задачами об оптимальной остановке на конечном и бесконечном временных интервалах может быть установлено соответствие. В настоящей работе представлен другой подход к построению данного соответствия - на основе идей из теории статистического последовательного анализа.
Improving the Carbon Footprint of Long-Haul Trucks Running on
First-Generation Biodiesel
Authors: Rohbogner Christoph J. , Heine Carsten
Published: January 2025

Lowering carbon emissions from road-based transport is required to achieve
climate targets. In addition to passenger cars, long-haul trucks contribute more
than one-third of on-road generated carbon emissions. Therefore, this sector has
great potential to reduce such emissions. Numerous options including electrified
drivetrains are possible.

Nevertheless, the existing fleet of trucks powered by conventional diesel engines
also needs to be addressed. Additionally, a ramp-up of green electricity and
charging infrastructure is required to ensure carbon-neutral and reliable
transport.

Heavy-duty diesel engines are typically suitable for use with first-generation
biofuels. However, operational restrictions, such as shorter oil drain intervals
are mandatory for users. In the case at hand, the oil change was mandatory after
only 30,000 km when pure biodiesel (B100) was used instead of 120,000 km when
operating on conventional, mineral oil-based diesel. These boundaries counter
efforts to lower carbon emissions because operators are reluctant to adopt such
fuels to mitigate operational constraints, and the disposal of an additional
amount of lubricating oil results in the release of avoidable carbon
emissions.

This work describes a trial conducted to extend the oil drain intervals of
long-haul trucks. The oil condition of the four vehicles running on biodiesel
was closely monitored by oil analysis. The usual parameters for oil analysis,
such as viscosity, wear metals, water content, fuel dilution, oil oxidation, and
nitration, were monitored in this study. The study was concluded when an oil
lifetime of 90,000 km was reached and confirmed by a second run.

The obtained data were compared to those of a reference vehicle running on
conventional diesel fuel. The conclusion was that no adverse effects on moving
engine parts were present at each stage of drawing samples of oil and at the end
(completion) of tests.

The possible threefold increase in the oil drain interval helps reduce
CO2 emissions, thus aiding in achieving climate goals.
Aluminum Alloy Tubing, Hydraulic, Seamless, Drawn, Round, 1.0Mg - 0.60Si - 0.28Cu - 0.20Cr (6061-T6), Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: January 2025

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of seamless round tubing with wall thickness from 0.025 to 0.500 inch (0.64 to 12.70 mm), inclusive (see 8.6).
Core, Flexible Honeycomb, Aluminum Alloy, For Sandwich Construction, 5056, 350 Fahrenheit (177 Celsius)
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: January 2025

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of honeycomb core in a non-hexagonal, flexible cell configuration, the core being treated for increased corrosion resistance and furnished only in the expanded form (see 8.5).
Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024-T81), Solution Heat Treated, Cold Worked, and Precipitation Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: January 2025

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing produced with cross-sectional area of 32 square inches (206 cm2), maximum (see 8.6).
Cobalt Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Strip 20Cr - 15Ni - 40Co - 7.0Mo - 16Fe Solution Heat Treated, Cold Rolled, and Aged Vacuum Induction Plus Vacuum Consumable Electrode Melted
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: January 2025

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant cobalt alloy in the form of strip up to 0.100-inch (2.54-mm) thick.
Odezwa feldmarszałka Iwana Dybicza do żołnierzy polskich ze stycznia 1831 roku jako przykład propagandy wojennej czasów powstania listopadowego
Authors: Jewuła Łukasz
Published: January 2025

In January 1831, during the November Uprising, the commander-in-chief of Russian troops Ivan Diebitsch issued the summons to the Polish soldiers. This proclamation was a result of the Marshal obtaining information about the internal situation in the Kingdom of Poland. It is a typical element of propaganda used before the start of a military action and was therefore maintained in a conciliatory tone. Diebitsch used well rounded rhetoric here. At the beginning of his manifesto he praised the bravery of Polish soldiers. Then he presented the benefits that Poles would allegedly receive from Tsar Alexander and from Russia. In subsequent passages, he called on Polish soldiers to withdraw from rebellion against their rightful ruler and side with the Russian army entering the Kingdom of Poland. He also threatened those who would not listen to his proclamation with dire consequences.
Działalność „Komitetu Opieki” na rzecz polskich zesłańców politycznych i ich rodzin w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku
Authors: Kudela-Świątek Wiktoria
Published: January 2025

Among many charitable initiatives undertaken in Podolia in the period between the national uprisings that were to benefit the Polish political exiles and their families was the informal “Care Committee”, also known as “Charity Work” or “Siberia Campaign”, organised by Róża Sobańska, Ksawera Grocholska, Eliza Brzozowska, Tekla Bołsunowska and Zygmunt Szczęsny Feliński. It is an important example of a well-organised charity project that operated over a very long period of time and positively affected not only the Polish exiles in Siberia but also many who stayed in the country and were persecuted for their patriotic attitude. The aim of this article is to offer a new perspective on said organisation, expanding on the previous historiographic research in order to highlight the scope and impact of this charitable undertaking amongst the Polish community on the both sides of the Ural Mountains in the period between the national uprisings.
The INRAE Biological Resource Center ‘BrACySol’: a French centre of valuable Brassica, Allium and Solanum genetic resources for breeding
Authors: Esnault Florence , Cann Marie-Pierre , Chauvin Jean-Eric , Chèvre Anne-Marie , Dantec Marie-Ange , Doré Stéphane , Glory Pascal , Kerlan Marie-Claire , Kermarrec Dominique , Laperche Anne , Le Ven Lise-Anna , Manzanares-Dauleux Maria , Pellé Roland , Porhel Jocelyne , Quéran Julien , Richer Vincent , Souchet Catherine , Théréné Sylvain , Tiret Mathieu , Nési Nathalie
Published: January 2025

The INRAE Biological Resource Center ‘BrACySol’ belongs to BRC4Plants, the plant network of the French Research Infrastructure of Agronomic Biological Resource Centers (AgroBRC-RARe). It preserves more than 15,000 accessions belonging to different cultivated genera: Brassica (cabbage, turnip, rape and mustard), Allium (shallot and garlic) and Solanum (potato and crop wild relatives). The Brassica genetic resources are conserved as seeds in freezers or liquid nitrogen. The Allium resources are maintained by vegetative propagation in fields or greenhouses and the Solanum resources are maintained by vegetative propagation in fields, greenhouses, in vitro or in liquid nitrogen. These collections include old landraces, widespread cultivars, crop wild relatives and original scientific material. The accessions are described with passport, morphological or agronomic descriptors or traits. They have been included in various research programmes, at the national or international level, aiming at characterizing the diversity of these collections, studying the genetics of agronomic traits, developing molecular tools and creating pre-breeding lines helpful for breeding programmes.
Enhancing Pedagogical Development of Natural Science Teachers Through a Key Concepts in Science Project: A Social Constructivist Perspective
Authors: Botes Wiets , Philip Anita
Published: January 2025

This study investigated whether the Key Concepts in Science Project influenced the pedagogical development of Natural Science teachers. Grounded in social constructivism, emphasising collaborative learning and hands-on interaction, the study employed qualitative methods to collect empirical data. Through photographic evidence, field notes, and focus group discussions with participating teachers, the study unveiled several themes, including the mastery of practical teaching approaches, horizontal and vertical knowledge articulation in syllabus delivery, sharing of best practices, and the significance of practical demonstrations in school settings. Field notes highlight rich information sharing and teacher commitment to professional development. The findings underscore the pivotal role of partnering with local community schools in fostering teacher optimism, resilience, and ongoing professional growth. This research offers valuable insights for educators seeking to enhance practical teaching skills and promote effective science education.
Impediments of Parents’ Involvement in Supporting Literacy Skills Development among Pre-Primary School Children in Tanzania
Authors: Machumu Jose , Abdalla Seni Jacob , Julius Haruni
Published: January 2025

A child's intellectual, social, and emotional welfare is significantly impacted by the engagement and parenting style of their parents. This paper investigates the obstacles parents face in developing literacy skills among pre-primary school children in Tanzania. The study was conducted in six districts of Tanzania. Using a purposive and snowball sampling strategy, 67 parents—29 men and 38 females—were included in the study. This study used a qualitative technique, with a case study design for data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Data was gathered through focus group discussions (FGDs) and observation. Trustworthiness was realized through credibility, dependability, conformability and transferability. Informed consent was considered, and researchers adhered to the research enterprise norms and principles, by keeping and treating all responses from respondents with high confidentiality. The findings were analysed thematically, yielding several sub-themes. It was discovered that there were various barriers preventing parents from participating in promoting literacy skills development of pre-primary school children. Ultimately, the study suggests that parents should be capacitated inappropriate methods to encourage the development of reading skills in pre-primary schools, as it is critical for parents to support learning both in preschool settings and at home.
Examining the Attachment Behavior and Anxiety Levels of Mothers Who Have Infants with Infertility Treatment and Mothers Who Have Infants without the Treatment
Authors: Öztürk Serter Gülden , Aral Neriman
Published: January 2025

Infertility treatment includes medical follow-up, hormone therapy and in vitro fertilization methods, and also it is a process that is bothersome for couples in both economic and emotional terms. Intensive infertility treatment may exacerbate the risk factors and make it difficult to switch to parenting process. Therefore, it is aimed to compare the levels of attachment and anxiety of mothers having infants of with infertility treatment and of mothers having child with spontaneous pregnancy. 103 women who became mothers through infertility treatment and spontaneously pregnancy were included in the study. Personal Information Form which is developed by researchers, Maternal Attachment Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory have been used in the study. SPSS 20.0 statistical program is used in the analysis of the data. In the study, it was found that mothers who had a baby with infertility treatment (in vitro fertilization treatment) had significantly higher maternal attachment than mothers who had a baby without any treatment (p<0,05). In addition, it was also concluded that there were negative and moderate (r=-0,423, p<0,01) relationships between maternal attachment and trait anxiety of mothers who had a baby with infertility treatment and positive and low (r=0,320, p<0,05) relationships between maternal attachment and state anxiety mothers who had a baby with spontaneous pregnancy. As the study is cross-sectional and the sample group is small, it constitutes the limitations of the study; large sample and longitudinal studies are needed. As a result, it is thought that women who became pregnant through treatment need professional support during the treatment process and during their pregnancies.
Interés superior del menor ante las más graves violencias
Authors: Calderón Amalia
Published: January 2025

En este artículo se describen dos casos reales traídos a la practica, en donde podemos observar el estigma social y la falta de conciencia sobre la realidad de las violencias hacia la infancia que todavía persisten en nuestro sistema jurídico y nuestra realidad social. La perspectiva de género a la que se refiere el Tribunal Supremo en numerosas sentencias, en estos dos casos, brilló por su ausencia, puesto que el procedimiento judicial supuso una evidente victimización secundaria y como es tan habitual, la víctima no recibirá nunca la indemnización impuesta, por lo que ni siquiera se la reparará económicamente del grave daño sufrido durante tantos. La víctima sigue siéndolo mucho después de que el delito “haya sido cometido”. La pronta intervención jurídica, la interpretación crítica de las pruebas y la reparación integral deben operar cohesivamente y así garantizar de manera efectiva el interés superior del menor y su protección ante las más graves violencias.
criança em situação de vulnerabilidade no Brasil
Authors: Moreira de Viveiros Kilza Fernanda , Menezes de Paiva Marlúcia
Published: January 2025

Neste estudo, procuramos identificar à crianças que abandonam a escola, para se lançar precocemente ao mundo do trabalho, e o pouco alcance e efetividade das políticas públicas para acesso e permanência na escola. Portanto, objetivamos emergir a criança brasileira e nordestina, sobretudo do Rio Grande do Norte e do Maranhão, cerceada do direito à educação, assim, se configurando em uma maneira de vulnerabilidade e violência infantil. Concluímos que a vulnerabilidade da infância brasileira e nordestina se constitui, entre outros fatores, pela necessidade de a criança trabalhar precocemente e por consequente ausência aos bancos escolares. Tal forma de violência à criança deverá ser objeto de maior responsabilidade por parte do Estado no aprimoramento de políticas públicas para acesso e permanência à educação.
AN INNOVATIVE INTERDISCIPLINARY INTERPRETATION OF EDUCATION’S ROLE IN SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Kurushkin Mikhail
Published: January 2025

The concept of “education” varies across cultures and languages, with the Russian term “образование” encompassing both “education” and “formation”. This dual meaning reflects different approaches to understand education’s purpose. While education often implies the development of curiosity and a broad worldview, training is oriented toward acquiring practical, job-specific skills. These differences underscore the importance of distinguishing between the two concepts, as they serve complementary but distinct roles. Education involves not only teaching and learning but also instilling values and shaping an individual’s perspective on the world. Unlike training, which focuses on immediate applicability, education fosters a deeper understanding of systems and relationships, preparing individuals for lifelong growth. Observations of natural learning processes in animals and traditional learning techniques in human cultures highlight the value of hands-on and experiential methods, often overshadowed by contemporary practices. Despite the growing influence of technology on teaching and learning processes, the essence of education as a means of shaping worldviews remains unchanged. While students may prioritise career-oriented training, education provides a foundation for long-term personal and professional development, ultimately enriching both individual lives and society as a whole.
The KnotLink Game on Families of Whitehead and Pretzel Links
Authors: Adams Hunter , Christensen Megan , Friedel Brooke , Henrich Allison , Neel David
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we study the KnotLink Game, a two-player game that can be played on the shadow of a knot or link diagram. This game was introduced by Adams, Henrich, and Stoll, who investigated winning strategies on certain infinite families of rational links. We focus our work on determining winning strategies for two additional infinite families of links: the pretzel link family and a family of Whitehead links.
THE PAYMENTS SECURITY AND CONVENIENCE ON CONSUMER OF MOBILE PAYMENTS IN BAGUIO CITY, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Ali Amir Omar
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the payment security and convenience of consumers of mobile payment applications in Baguio City. Specifically, it assessed the level of acceptance of mobile payment applications, compared the acceptance of GCash with other mobile payment platforms, and identified the challenges faced by users of these applications. Using a descriptive research design, a sample of 150 respondents was selected through convenience sampling. Based on the findings, the research revealed a positive perception of ease of use, security, and usefulness as the primary factors driving the increased acceptance and utilization of mobile payments by users. Key challenges identified included difficulty in reversing erroneous transactions, delayed notifications, inaccessible customer service, network disruptions, slow processing times, and the absence of offline functionality. Furthermore, the findings revealed that GCash is significantly more accepted than other mobile payment applications, with consumer-operators displaying higher acceptance levels compared to individual consumers. These results provide valuable evidence for mobile payment operators to enhance their technological platforms, addressing user challenges and promoting increased adoption and usage among various client segments.
 

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