bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative metabolomics–flavoromics approach to assess metabolic shifts during ripening of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivar Nam Dok Mai Si Thong
Authors: Aung Ye Lin , Lorjaroenphon Yaowapa , Rumpagaporn Pinthip , Sittipod Sichaya , Jirapakkul Wannee , Na Jom Kriskamol
Published: March 2022

Background

Nam Dok Mai Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is considered as one of the famous tropical fruits in Thailand with an attractive taste and fragrance. A rapidly powerful comprehensive technique to investigate the aromatic as well as metabolic compounds is required to follow the ripening stage and identification of biomarkers in mango cv. Nam Dok Mai. To date, only a few omics-based studies have been published on the ripening process of mango. The present study aimed to establish an advanced omics-based approach using integrated metabolomics–flavoromic profiles to follow the ripening process of Nam Dok Mai Si Thong mango fruit.

Results

56 metabolites and 33 flavor volatile components were detected in Nam Dok Mai Si Thong mango. Palmitic acid shown the highest content in lipid fraction of mango pulp (28%) followed by linolenic acid (25%) and linoleic acid (23%) at various ripening stages during ripening. β-Sitosterol (3.9%), campesterol (2.4%), and sitostanol (2.4%) were higher at day 0 of ripening. Glycine and leucine were highest at day 4 of ripening (3.4 and 3.0%, respectively). The highest sucrose level (48.7%) was observed at 8 days of ripening. Ethyl octanoate (6.2–9.5%) and ethyl decanoate (5.4–6.5%) were significantly higher at days 4 to 8 of ripening.

Conclusions

Among 19 biomarkers measured, nine metabolites (palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acids, β-sitosterol, sucrose, citric acid, malic acid, glycine, and leucine), and 2 flavors (ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate) showed a good correlation with ripening-associated changes at days 0 to 8 during ripening. The biomarkers identified in this study could be used to track the ripening stages of Nam Dok Mai Si Thong mango.

Graphical Abstract
The cognitive principles of learning underlying the 5E Model of Instruction
Authors: Ruiz-Martín Héctor , Bybee Rodger W.
Published: March 2022

Over 34 years since its conception, research in educational settings has found evidence for the effectiveness of the 5E Instructional Model. Indeed, several studies have reported evidence of a better conceptual understanding of scientific ideas and models, positive effects on general achievement in science, and positive attitudes toward science. In this commentary, we would like to put forward the principles from cognitive sciences on how people learn which may underlie the 5E Model and that could theoretically contribute to the model’s effectiveness as a learning sequence. Connections to conceptual change theory are especially highlighted.
Easier in Practice Than in Theory: Experiences of Coaches in Charge of Community-Based Soccer Training for Men with Prostate cancer—A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Roed Kickan , Bjerre Eik Dybboe , Midtgaard Julie
Published: March 2022

Background

Evidence suggests that community-based exercise programs and sports participation benefit long-term physical activity adherence and promote health in clinical populations. Recent research shows that community-based soccer can improve mental health and bone health and result in fewer hospital admissions in men with prostate cancer. However, little knowledge exists on what coaches experience, leading to a scarcity of knowledge on how to assist them in promoting and supporting the sustainability of programs. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of non-professional soccer coaches in providing community-based soccer training for men with prostate cancer.

Results

We interviewed 13 out of 21 eligible non-professional soccer coaches in charge of delivering the Football Club Prostate Community program, which is community-based soccer training for men with prostate cancer at 12 local soccer clubs across Denmark. Qualitative content analysis, as described by Graneheim and Lundman, was applied to analyze the data using NVivo 12 software. We identified the five following overall categories with 10 subcategories on what the coaches experienced: (1) enabling training of a clinical population in a community setting, (2) dedication based on commitment, (3) coaching on the players’ terms, (4) navigating the illness, and (5) ensuring sustainability. Collectively, the findings suggest that, while the coaches felt adequately prepared to coach, their coaching role developed and was refined only through interaction with the players, indicating that coaching clinical populations may be easier in practice than in theory and a potentially transformative learning experience.

Conclusions

Non-professional soccer coaches in charge of delivering soccer training for men with prostate cancer value being educated about specific illness-related issues. Initial concerns about how to coach a clinical population disappeared once the coaches engaged with the players and developed their own team norms and illness management strategies. They also gained a broader perspective on their own lives, which they valued and would not otherwise have achieved by coaching a healthy population. Our study indicates that sustainable implementation and the program’s sustainability can be promoted and supported through additional formal, easily accessible communication with trained health professionals and by networking with peer coaches.
Did green debt instruments aid diversification during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Narayan Paresh Kumar , Rizvi Syed Aun R. , Sakti Ali
Published: March 2022

Faced with a persistent pandemic, investors are concerned about portfolio diversification. While the literature on COVID-19 has evolved impressively, limited work remains on diversification opportunities. We contribute to the literature by exploring the volatility and co-movement of different sovereign debt instruments, including green sukuk, sukuk, bond and Islamic and conventional equity indices for Indonesia. Our results consistently point towards increased asset co-movement and weak profitability during the pandemic. Interestingly, sukuk and green sukuk have a 14% correlation with stocks, suggesting potential diversification prospects in times of extreme shocks.
Current challenges in different approaches to control COVID-19: a comprehensive review
Authors: Giri Simran , Sen Sanjukta , Singh Rohan , Paul Paramita , Sahu Ranabir , Nandi Gouranga , Dua Tarun Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background

The World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a global health emergency on January 30, 2020, and as a pandemic disease on March 11, 2020. This review highlights the international situation, risk factors, and related protections to be taken as prerequisite measures and probable treatment options for the COVID-19-infected population in the current scenario.

Main text

The SARS-CoV-2 viruses and their variants caused mild-to-severe respiratory tract infection and used airborne pathways as a way of contagion. Human-to-human transmission led to an exponential growth in the rise in the number of cases making it a real burden to immobilize the rapid spread of the virus while asymptomatic patients created ambiguity for confirmation in the community. It was clear from the case studies of patients that most of them were asymptomatic but still vulnerable to the people around, and hence, in a flash, many countries around the globe went into a complete lockdown, influencing the economy and thrashing industrial outputs. On the other hand, numerous researches were made to counteract the spread through studies in antiviral therapy, immune-based therapy, vaccination development, and natural remedies.

Conclusion

Although exploration for a specific drug required for the COVID-19 treatment is under extensive research worldwide and some of them are in clinical trial now. Virtual drug library screening is one of the current techniques for repurposing accessible compounds. This review could provide beneficial information about the potential current and future treatment strategies to treat the pandemic COVID-19 infection.
Mental health of indigenous people: is Bangladesh paying enough attention?
Authors: Faruk Md. Omar , Hasan M. Tasdik
Published: March 2022

Indigenous people face numerous challenges to their mental health across the world. We consider the situation in Bangladesh, where those living in the remote hill tracts areas of Eastern Bangladesh experience widespread difficulties. Few seek attention for their problems from professional services, in part because of stigma or a lack of awareness that help could be made available, but also because in these remote areas few resources are available. We make recommendations to improve this situation, which could be implemented with the assistance of primary healthcare services and traditional healers.
Simple Linear Cancer Risk Prediction Models With Novel Features Outperform Complex Approaches
Authors: Kulm Scott , Kofman Lior , Mezey Jason , Elemento Olivier
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE

The ability to accurately predict an individual's risk for cancer is critical to the implementation of precision prevention measures. Current cancer risk predictions are frequently made with simple models that use a few proven risk factors, such as the Gail model for breast cancer, which are easy to interpret, but may theoretically be less accurate than advanced machine learning (ML) models.

METHODS

With the UK Biobank, a large prospective study, we developed models that predicted 13 cancer diagnoses within a 10-year time span. ML and linear models fit with all features, linear models fit with 10 features, and externally developed QCancer models, which are available to more than 4,000 general practices, were assessed.

RESULTS

The average area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of the linear models (0.722, SE = 0.015) was greater than the average AUC of the ML models (0.720, SE = 0.016) when all 931 features were used. Linear models with only 10 features generated an average AUC of 0.706 (SE 0.015), which was comparable to the complex models using all features and greater than the average AUC of the QCancer models (0.684, SE 0.021). The high performance of the 10-feature linear model may be caused by the consideration of often omitted feature types, including census records and genetic information.

CONCLUSION

The high performance of the 10-feature linear models indicate that unbiased selection of diverse features, not ML models, may lead to impressively accurate predictions, possibly enabling personalized screening schedules that increase cancer survival.
Prospective Cardiovascular Surveillance of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Based Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Cancer: Data From the Phase III JAVELIN Renal 101 Trial
Authors: Rini Brian I. , Moslehi Javid J. , Bonaca Marc , Schmidinger Manuela , Albiges Laurence , Choueiri Toni K. , Motzer Robert J. , Atkins Michael B. , Haanen John , Mariani Mariangela , Wang Jing , Hariharan Subramanian , Larkin James
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE

Both immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors are approved for advanced renal cell carcinoma treatment and can cause cardiovascular events (CVs); thus, combination therapy could lead to major adverse CV events (MACE). Cardiac serum biomarker assessment and imaging, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) monitoring, can be used to evaluate MACE.

METHODS

To our knowledge, the JAVELIN Renal 101 trial, assessing avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, is the first randomized study of ICI plus VEGFR inhibitor treatment to include prospective serial cardiac monitoring of LVEF and serum cardiac biomarkers.

RESULTS

MACE (defined as grade ≥ 3 CV AEs) occurred in 31 patients (7.1%) in the combination arm and 17 patients (3.9%) in the sunitinib arm. Patients in the combination arm who had high baseline troponin T values were at higher risk of MACE versus patients with low values (MACE in 6/35 v 7/135, respectively; relative risk, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.19 to 9.22). This association was not observed in patients treated with sunitinib. Other CV baseline risk factors and serum cardiac biomarkers were not significantly predictive for MACE, although a trend toward an association with dyslipidemia was seen in the combination arm. No clinical value of on-treatment routine monitoring of LVEF in relation to MACE was observed. Although LVEF decline was significantly more frequent in the combination arm, most patients recovered, and decline was not associated with other significant cardiac events or symptoms.

CONCLUSION

Patients with high baseline troponin T levels receiving ICI and VEGFR combinations may need to be monitored more closely for MACE. Routine monitoring of LVEF in asymptomatic patients is not recommended.
Long or Irregular Menstrual Cycles and Risk of Prevalent and Incident Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Cho In Young , Chang Yoosoo , Kang Jae-Heon , Kim Yejin , Sung Eunju , Shin Hocheol , Wild Sarah H , Byrne Christopher D , Ryu Seungho
Published: March 2022

Context

The association of menstrual cycle length and irregularity with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown.

Objective

We examined this association in large cross-sectional and cohort studies.

Methods

The cross-sectional study included 72 092 women younger than 40 years who underwent routine health examinations; the longitudinal analysis included the subset of 51 118 women without NAFLD at baseline. Long or irregular cycles were defined as menstrual cycles of 40 days or longer or too irregular to estimate. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed to identify NAFLD. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for incident NAFLD according to menstrual cycle regularity and length, with 26- to 30-day cycles as the reference.

Results

At baseline, 27.7% had long or irregular menstrual cycles and 7.1% had prevalent NAFLD. Long or irregular menstrual cycles were positively associated with prevalent NAFLD. During a median follow-up of 4.4 years, incident NAFLD occurred in 8.9% of women. After adjustment for age, body mass index, insulin resistance, and other confounders, the multivariable-adjusted HR for NAFLD comparing long or irregular menstrual cycles to the reference group was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.14-1.31); this association strengthened in the time-dependent analysis with an HR of 1.49 (95% CI, 1.38-1.60).

Conclusion

Long or irregular menstrual cycles were associated with increased risk of both prevalent and incident NAFLD in young, premenopausal women. Women with long or irregular menstrual cycles may benefit from lifestyle modification advice to reduce the risk of NAFLD and associated cardiometabolic diseases.
Shakespeare “Translated and Improved”: The Translational Politics of the American Yiddish Theater and Its Afterlife
Authors: Luzon Danny
Published: March 2022

This article explores the American Yiddish theater’s creative reworkings of William Shakespeare, a practice epitomized by the presumed parodic dictum “translated and improved” (fartaytsht un farbessert). It argues that this theater’s translational politics of chutzpah strives to breach fixed literary and familial lineages by treating the high-canonical Anglo text as a porous space, open to endless cultural attachments. Through revisionary acts of intercultural exchange, the Yiddish theater and its followers envision literary inheritance as something that is not bounded by familial descent and dissent but rather is open to alternative modes of kinship. Specifically, this late nineteenth-century strategy is carried forward by authors such as Anzia Yezierska and Grace Paley, who turn to the Yiddish theater’s proclaimed improvement of Shakespeare in their multilingual English works in order to envision a radical fluidity of the American self. Writing on the periphery of US literary production, the authors studied in this article Judaize, Yiddishize, and queer Shakespearean characters, insisting on both the semantic and semiotic ways in which translations can democratize the linguistic economy of Anglo-American literature.
Eleven Kinds? Loneliness and Reading for Type with Richard Yates
Authors: Reese Sam V. H.
Published: March 2022

During the mid-twentieth century, loneliness became the dominant affect in American fiction, reflecting a broader cultural narrative that social and demographic changes had led to a crisis of loneliness. This affective shift is captured in Richard Yates’s 1962 short story collection, Eleven Kinds of Loneliness—but Yates’s deliberate framing of his stories as “eleven kinds” implies a second object of critique. Reading Yates’s work for social and psychological types, this article proposes that personality tests, corporate typing, and social typologies had a major role in the rise in loneliness in midcentury America—a relationship borne out by contemporary sociology, most prominently The Lonely Crowd (1950) by David Riesman, Nathan Glazer, and Reuel Denney. This article further argues that by reading midcentury fiction more broadly for type, we can understand loneliness not merely as a bad feeling but as a space of contest between individuality and group belonging, intimately connected to larger political and social narratives. Setting Yates’s stories against midcentury novels by Ralph Ellison and Mary McCarthy, this article reframes American loneliness in light of the cultural changes of the midcentury and writers’ struggles with the possibilities and limitations of type.
Rape and Mutiny at Fort Jackson: Black Laundresses Testify in Civil War Louisiana
Authors: Feimster Crystal N.
Published: March 2022

The Black soldiers of the Fourth Regiment of the Native Guard (also known as the Corps d'Afrique) stationed at Fort Jackson, Louisiana, and the laundresses who served them and their white officers were formerly enslaved people who had seized their freedom by joining and aiding the Union cause. Over the course of six weeks, in December 1863 and January 1864, they engaged in open munity to protest racial and sexual violence inflicted by white Union officers. In so doing they made visible the violent terms of interracial interaction that informed the meaning of wartime freedom and Black labor (terms that were still very much rooted in the prisms and discourses of enslavement). More importantly, as free labor Black women began to negotiate a deeply abusive racial and sexual terrain.
A Simple Method for Foramen Ovale Puncture Based on Preoperative Image Simulation in Percutaneous Microcompression of the Trigeminal Ganglion
Authors: Guo Wenchang , Shi Haowei , Wen Xiaolong , Qian Tao
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:

The classic puncture method of percutaneous microcompression using fluoroscopy might be difficult to precisely locate and visualize the foramen ovale. Various new surgical tools to increase the accuracy of finding the foramen ovale location have been introduced. However, all of these systems require some complicated operating steps and/or advanced devices to complete the work.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the use of a simple method for foramen ovale puncture by percutaneous microcompression based on preoperative image simulation.

METHODS:

Forty-five patients were included in the study. All patients underwent a computed tomography examination. Among them, the simulated preoperative puncture pathway was reconstructed on the basis of computed tomography scan examination for 22 patients. Procedures were performed by 2 surgeons: one experienced surgeon and another young surgeon with surgical qualification. The puncturing time and cumulative radiation exposure dose, from start of the puncturing until reaching the foramen ovale, were recorded. Postoperative pain relief, facial hypoesthesia, masticatory muscle weakness, and other complications were recorded.

RESULTS:

In all cases, the procedure of cannulation was completed successfully. The puncturing time for both the experienced and young surgeon with the use of preoperative image simulation seemed to be time-saving. The young surgeon had less cumulative radiation exposure with the use of preoperative image simulation. Moreover, the intraoperative puncture pathways were almost consistent with the preoperative simulated images. The rest of the process went smoothly. Short-term outcomes of all the 45 patients were satisfactory.

CONCLUSION:

Based on our preliminary experience, the preoperative image simulation–guided technique is useful during these cases.
Η επίδραση μιας ψυχολογικής παρέμβασης στις σχετικές με τη χρήση ντόπιγκ αντιλήψεις αθλητών με μυϊκή δυσμορφία
Authors: Σκούφα Λήδα
Published: March 2022

Η μυϊκή δυσμορφία αποτελεί έναν τύπο Σωματοδυσμορφικής Διαταραχής όπου τα άτομα έχουν μια παθολογική ενασχόληση με την ιδέα ότι δεν είναι επαρκώς μυώδη. Έχει φανεί ότι ένα από τα συμπτώματα της διαταραχής είναι η χρήση ουσιών ντόπινγκ με στόχο την αύξηση της μυϊκής μάζας. Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής ήταν ο σχεδιασμός και η αξιολόγηση ενός προγράμματος πρόληψης για τη χρήση ντόπινγκ σε άτομα με υψηλά επίπεδα συμπτωματολογίας μυϊκής δυσμορφίας. Για τον σκοπό αυτό πραγματοποιήθηκαν τρεις μελέτες. Η πρώτη μελέτη στόχευε στον προσδιορισμό των παραγόντων κινδύνου για ντόπινγκ. Οι συμμετέχοντες στη μελέτη αυτή ήταν 197 αθλούμενοι (66.3% άνδρες) με Μ.Ο. ηλικίας 24.5 έτη (Τ.Α.=5.96). Από τα αποτελέσματα των αναλύσεων προέκυψε ότι τα ναρκισσιστικά χαρακτηριστικά, η απόκλιση από το ιδανικό σώμα, η επίδραση των κοινωνικο-πολιτισμικών επιρροών στην εικόνα του σώματος, ψυχο-συμπεριφορικές διαστάσεις της μυϊκής δυσμορφίας (επίτευξη μεγέθους/συμμετρίας, εξάρτηση από την άσκηση και χρήση φαρμακολογικών ουσιών), οι στάσεις απέναντι στο ντόπινγκ και ο πειρασμός για ντόπινγκ αποτελούσαν προβλεπτικούς παράγοντες της πρόθεσης για ντόπινγκ. Η δεύτερη μελέτη αφορούσε τον σχεδιασμό και τον έλεγχο της πιστότητας του προγράμματος παρέμβασης. Το πρόγραμμα στόχευε στην αντιμετώπιση των παραγόντων κινδύνου που αναδείχθηκαν από την πρώτη μελέτη και οι τεχνικές που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν βασίστηκαν στη Γνωστική-Συμπεριφορική Θεραπεία. Από τον έλεγχο της πιστότητας προέκυψε η τελική μορφή του προγράμματος που θα αποτελούνταν από έξι ομαδικές συνεδρίες. Η τρίτη μελέτη αφορούσε στην εφαρμογή και αξιολόγηση της αποτελεσματικότητας του προγράμματος. Στη μελέτη αυτή συμμετείχαν 60 αθλούμενοι που χωρίστηκαν σε ομάδα παρέμβασης (n=30, 28 άνδρες, ΜΟ ηλικίας=22.66, ΤΑ=3.09) και ομάδα ελέγχου (n=30, 28 άνδρες, ΜΟ ηλικίας=23.33, ΤΑ=3.02). Από τα αποτελέσματα φάνηκε ότι το πρόγραμμα ήταν αποτελεσματικό στη μείωση της επίδρασης των κοινωνικο-πολιτισμικών επιρροών στην εικόνα του σώματος, ορισμένων ψυχο-συμπεριφορικών διαστάσεων της μυϊκής δυσμορφίας (δηλ., περιορισμοί στη διατροφή, εξάρτηση από την άσκηση, επίτευξη μεγέθους/συμμετρίας), των στάσεων, του πειρασμού και της πιθανότητας για ντόπινγκ. Συμπερασματικά, το πρόγραμμα αποτελεί ένα χρήσιμο εργαλείο για την πρόληψη της χρήσης ντόπινγκ σε άτομα με συμπτωματολογία μυϊκής δυσμορφίας.
Characterising processes and outcomes of tailoring implementation strategies in healthcare: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Riordan Fiona , Curran Geoffrey M. , Lewis Cara C. , Powell Byron J. , Presseau Justin , Wolfenden Luke , McHugh Sheena M.
Published: March 2022

Background: Tailoring strategies to target the salient barriers to and enablers of implementation is considered a critical step in supporting successful delivery of evidence based interventions in healthcare. Theory, evidence, and stakeholder engagement are considered key ingredients in the process however, these ingredients can be combined in different ways. There is no consensus on the definition of tailoring or single method for tailoring strategies to optimize impact, ensure transparency, and facilitate replication.

Aim: The purpose of this scoping review is to describe how tailoring has been undertaken within healthcare to answer questions about how it has been conceptualised, described, and conducted in practice, and to identify research gaps.

Methods: The review will be conducted in accordance with best practice guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) will be used to guide the reporting. Searches will be conducted of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, from 2005 to present. Reference lists of included articles will be searched. Grey literature will be searched on Google Scholar. Screening and data extraction will be conducted by two or more members of the research team, with any discrepancies resolved by consensus discussion with a third reviewer. Initial analysis will be quantitative involving a descriptive numerical summary of the characteristics of the studies and the tailoring process. Qualitative content analysis aligned to the research questions will also be conducted, and data managed  using NVivo where applicable. This scoping review is pre-registered with the Open Science Framework.

Conclusions: The findings will serve a resource for implementation researchers and practitioners to guide future research in this field and facilitate systematic, transparent, and replicable development of tailored implementation strategies.
SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION FOR MONITORING ENTERPRISE IT INFRASTRUCTURE USING MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO
Authors: Ishmuradova Izida I. , Eremina Irina I. , Lysanov Denis M. , Akhmetyanova Elza A.
Published: March 2022

Enterprise information security specialists need separate functions and services (monitoring, management, copying) that interact with any class of server and client applications and have a common interface. There is a general trend towards its appearance. It is the consideration of this problem and its programmatic implementation that is considered in the framework of the presented study.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Galynchik Tatyana A. , Gasnikova Svetlana Yu.
Published: March 2022

In the digital economy, one of the priorities of the personnel strategy is the direction of investments in personnel to gain new knowledge and relevant professional competencies. Today, organizations need employees who are able to use and maintain the information technologies introduced into the business.

Digitalization and the formation of the information society dictates new conditions for the competencies of personnel. In order to maintain competitiveness, the organization is forced to ensure the development of digital competencies of personnel. Knowledge management should provide continuous education, self-learning, adaptability to changing conditions, the ability to work in different teams, critical thinking, the desire for new things and the search for innovations.

The aim is to study the impact of knowledge management on staff development due to the transition to the digital economy.

Method of work: the article used general scientific methods, approaches and techniques, such as monographic, abstract-logical, comparison, qualitative analysis, etc.

Results of the work: this article draws attention to how the changes associated with the digitalization of the economy directly affect the issues of personnel knowledge management. It is concluded that the introduction of principles and approaches of knowledge management is required for the development of personnel in modern conditions.

Scope of the results: the results obtained will be useful to organizations when developing personnel development programs through knowledge management in the context of digitalization.
Reference Dependence in Intertemporal Preference
Authors: Li Zhihua , Zhong Songfa
Published: March 2022

Dynamic structures in intertemporal choices offer multiple channels through which reference dependence can occur. We examine intertemporal reference dependence when using choice lists to elicit time preference over outcome sequences. Reference point effects can arise endogenously within an outcome sequence and exogenously from the experimental environment of the choice list. We show that estimated discount factors in the choice list are biased by both kinds of reference points and propose a model to jointly account for both. Our experimental design with outcome sequences also enables us to jointly estimate the discount factor and utility curvature. We further discuss the implications for recent developments in the measurement of intertemporal preference.

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: S. Zhong was supported by the National University of Singapore [Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 Grant R-122-000-325-115].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4348 .
Consumer Equilibrium, Demand Effects, and Efficiency in Group Buying
Authors: Ming Liu , Tunca Tunay I.
Published: March 2022

Problem definition: We explore consumer equilibrium and efficiency in group buying events, in which the unit price for a good or service decreases with higher number of consumer sign-ups. Specifically, we study the following questions: (i) How does the dynamic consumer sign-up equilibrium evolve during these events? (ii) Is there empirical evidence that employing group buying increases demand? If so, by how much? (iii) Are there profit gains from employing this mechanism and how can they be improved? Academic/practical relevance: Group buying events are becoming increasingly popular in certain markets, especially in China. Our study contributes to better understanding of this innovative pricing mechanism and its effects on demand and profits, and can help with more effective implementation in practice. Methodology: We build a continuous-time dynamic game theoretical model to study consumer behavior and solve for its equilibrium. We then apply it to data obtained from group buying events employed by a large retailer and use structural regression methods and data clustering to estimate and evaluate demand and profit effects. Results: We demonstrate that our theoretical equilibrium is a good fit for the observed consumer behavior. We empirically show that group buying discounts are not very effective in boosting demand for very low and very high base demand levels but can significantly improve demand for intermediate levels. We estimate that employing group buying improved the retailer’s product demand and profits by 16.6% and 11.1%, respectively, and with better price and discount selections, it can improve profits by more than 30% on average. Managerial implications: Our theoretical model provides insights into dynamic consumer behavior during group buying events and can be a basis for researchers and practitioners in studying and designing these events. Our findings provide concrete support for managers on benefits of employing the mechanism, and our data-based method and analysis provide guidance for improving performance.
Does negative pressure wound therapy reduce the odds of infection and improve health-related quality of life in patients with open fractures?
Authors: Atwan Yousif , Sprague Sheila , Slobogean Gerard P. , Bzovsky Sofia , Jeray Kyle J. , Petrisor Brad , Bhandari Mohit , Schemitsch Emil ,   on behalf of the FLOW Investigators
Published: March 2022

Aims

To evaluate the impact of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on the odds of having deep infections and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following open fractures.

Methods

Patients from the Fluid Lavage in Open Fracture Wounds (FLOW) trial with Gustilo-Anderson grade II or III open fractures within the lower limb were included in this secondary analysis. Using mixed effects logistic regression, we assessed the impact of NPWT on deep wound infection requiring surgical intervention within 12 months post-injury. Using multilevel model analyses, we evaluated the impact of NPWT on the Physical Component Summary (PCS) of the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) at 12 months post-injury.

Results

After applying inverse probability treatment weighting to adjust for the influence of injury characteristics on type of dressing used, 1,322 participants were assessed. The odds of developing a deep infection requiring operative management within 12 months of initial surgery was 4.52-times higher in patients who received NPWT compared to those who received a standard wound dressing (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84 to 11.12; p = 0.001). Overall, 1,040 participants were included in our HRQoL analysis, and those treated with NPWT had statistically significantly lower mean SF-12 PCS post-fracture (p < 0.001). These differences did not reach the minimally important difference for the SF-12 PCS.

Conclusion

Our analysis found that patients treated with NPWT had higher odds of developing a deep infection requiring operative management within 12 months post-fracture. Due to possible residual confounding with the worst cases being treated with NPWT, we are unable to determine if NPWT has a negative effect or is simply a marker of worse injuries or poor access to early soft-tissue coverage. Regardless, our results suggest that the use of this treatment requires further evaluation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(3):189–195.
Implementación y análisis de un patio científico en la etapa de educación infantil
Authors: Peinado Alamillo Raul , Aguilar Camaño David , Solé Llussà Anna , El Hajmouni Camí Yasmina
Published: March 2022

La realidad actual en la etapa de educación infantil pone de manifiesto dos aspectos que han motivado la elaboración del presente estudio. En primer lugar, los patios escolares no cuentan con recursos que promuevan el aprendizaje, y, en segundo lugar, la ciencia se contempla como algo inabarcable y lejano en estas edades. Por estos motivos, el presente trabajo propone diseñar diferentes propuestas de carácter científico para implementarlas en el patio escolar de una escuela catalana y analizar la interacción de 70 escolares con edades comprendidas entre 3 y 5 años con este tipo derecursos. A través de un estudio cualitativo basado en observaciones no participantes del contexto en el que se ha intervenido, se ha evidenciado cómo se puede impulsar este espacio escolar, abasteciéndolo con propuestas de libre funcionamiento que contribuyen a la inclusión, a la generación de experiencias gratificantes y al desarrollo de las habilidades científicas entre alumnos de educación infantil.
The aesthetics of green guerrilla. From activism to fine art.
Authors: Gralińska-Toborek Agnieszka
Published: March 2022

Grassroots movements – the activisms associated with the greening of the cities, reclaiming wastelands, establishing community gardens, improving the quality of life in industrialized places through minor nature-based interventions, as well as protection and safeguarding of the scraps of nature within cities – are what in this article I call green guerilla. I want to demonstrate how these small-scale grassroots movements grow; how their actions lead to official solutions; how they become institutionalized and, sometimes, commercialized. However, above all, by linking them with the environmental and participatory aesthetic trends, I wish to indicate their aesthetic aspects and the fact that they frequently bear the hallmarks of art.
Speckle-resolved optical coherence tomography for mesoscopic imaging within scattering media
Authors: Cua Michelle , Blochet Baptiste , Yang Changhuei
Published: March 2022

Light scattering poses a challenge for imaging deep in scattering media as the ballistic light exponentially attenuates with depth. In contrast to the ballistic light, the multiply scattered light penetrates deeper and also contains information about the sample. One technique to image deeper is to selectively detect only a subset of the multiply scattered light, namely the ’snake’ photons, which are predominantly forward scattered and retain more direct information than the more strongly scattered light. In this work, we develop a technique, termed speckle-resolved optical coherence tomography (srOCT), for efficiently detecting these ’snake’ photons to enable imaging deeper in scattering media. The system couples spatio-angular filtering with speckle-resolved interferometric detection to preferentially and efficiently detect the weakly scattered ’snake’ photons. With our proof-of-concept system, we demonstrate depth-resolved imaging beyond the ballistic limit, up to a depth of 90 round-trip MFPs in a scattering phantom and a depth of 4.5 mm of chicken tissue at 0.4 mm axial and lateral resolution.
Method for developing and using high quality reference images to evaluate tone mapping operators
Authors: Mehmood Imran , Liu Xiaoxuan , Khan Muhammad Usman , Luo Ming Ronnier
Published: March 2022

With the advancement of imaging technology, high dynamic range (HDR)
images can now be captured and displayed to produce realistic effects.
Tone mapping operators (TMOs) are used to map HDR radiance to the
displayable range. A reliable TMO would play a significant role in the
accurate reproduction of HDR scenes. The present study aimed to
establish an image quality metric based on external references to
evaluate various TMOs. Two psychophysical experiments were conducted
to develop reference images and to investigate the performance of
TMOs. In experiment 1, a set of high quality reference images was
developed by rendering image features in terms of contrast, sharpness,
and colorfulness, to achieve good rendering for each image. The images
were used as reference in experiment 2 to evaluate the performance of
14 TMOs using a six-point categorical judgment method. The TMOs were
evaluated using four scales, i.e., contrast, sharpness, colorfulness,
and overall performance. The hierarchical relationship among TMOs was
established. The results were further compared with previous studies,
and high correlation was found between the current experiments and
previous studies.
Perceptions of diabetes patients and their caregivers regarding access to medicine in a severely constrained health system: A qualitative study in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mureyi Dudzai , Katena Nyaradzai Arster , Monera-Penduka Tsitsi
Published: March 2022

Nearly half of all sub-Saharan African countries lack operational Diabetes Mellitus policies. This represents an opportunity to build reliable evidence to underpin such policies when they are eventually developed. Representing the interests of those with the experience of living with the condition in national diabetes policies is important, particularly the interests regarding medicine access, a key pillar in diabetes management. One way to achieve this representation is to publish patient perceptions. Patient perspectives are especially valuable in the context of diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa, where much of the empirical work has focused on clinical and epidemiological questions. We therefore captured the challenges and suggestions around medicine access articulated by a population of diabetes patients and their caregivers. This was a qualitative interpretivist study based on data from focus group discussions with adult diabetes patients and their caregivers. Eight FGDs of 4–13 participants each whose duration averaged 13.35 minutes were conducted. Participants were recruited from diabetes outpatient clinics at two health facilities in Harare. One site was Parirenyatwa Hospital, the largest public referral and teaching hospital in Zimbabwe. The other was a private for-profit facility. Ethics approval was granted by the Joint Research Ethics Committee for University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences and the Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals (Ref: JREC 295/18). Diabetes patients and their caregivers are interested in affordable access to medicines of acceptable form and quality with minimum effort. Yet, they often find themselves privileging one dimension of access over another e.g. prioritising affordability over acceptability. Based on participants’ articulations, a sound diabetes policy should: 1. provide for financial and consumer protections, 2. regulate healthcare business practices and medicine prices, 3. provide for a responsive health workforce attentive to patient problems, 4. accord the same importance to diabetes that is accorded to communicable diseases, 5. decentralize diabetes management to lower levels of care, 6. limit wastage, corruption, bad macro-financial governance and a lack of transparency about how funding for health is used, and 7. provide support to strengthen patients’ and caregivers’ psychosocial networks. A diabetes policy acceptable to patients is one infused with principles of good governance, fairness, inclusiveness and humanity; characterised by: financial protection and price regulation, consumer protection, equity in the attention accorded to different diseases, decentralized service delivery, inclusion of patient voice in political decision-making, a responsive compassionate health workforce, psychosocial support for patients and their caregivers and allocative efficiency and transparency in public expenditure.
Sero-epidemiological survey of Coxiella burnetii in livestock and humans in Tana River and Garissa counties in Kenya
Authors: Mwololo Damaris , Nthiwa Daniel , Kitala Philip , Abuom Tequiero , Wainaina Martin , Kairu-Wanyoike Salome , Lindahl Johanna F. , Ontiri Enoch , Bukachi Salome , Njeru Ian , Karanja Joan , Sang Rosemary , Grace Delia , Bett Bernard
Published: March 2022

Background

Coxiella burnetii is a widely distributed pathogen, but data on its epidemiology in livestock, and human populations remain scanty, especially in developing countries such as Kenya. We used the One Health approach to estimate the seroprevalance of C. burnetii in cattle, sheep, goats and human populations in Tana River county, and in humans in Garissa county, Kenya. We also identified potential determinants of exposure among these hosts.

Methods

Data were collected through a cross-sectional study. Serum samples were taken from 2,727 animals (466 cattle, 1,333 goats, and 928 sheep) and 974 humans and screened for Phase I/II IgG antibodies against C. burnetii using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data on potential factors associated with animal and human exposure were collected using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable analyses were performed with households as a random effect to adjust for the within-household correlation of C. burnetii exposure among animals and humans, respectively.

Results

The overall apparent seroprevalence estimates of C. burnetii in livestock and humans were 12.80% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.57–14.11) and 24.44% (95% CI: 21.77–27.26), respectively. In livestock, the seroprevalence differed significantly by species (p < 0.01). The highest seroprevalence estimates were observed in goats (15.22%, 95% CI: 13.34-17.27) and sheep (14.22%, 95% CI: 12.04–16.64) while cattle (3.00%, 95% CI: 1.65–4.99) had the lowest seroprevalence. Herd-level seropositivity of C. burnetii in livestock was not positively associated with human exposure. Multivariable results showed that female animals had higher odds of seropositivity for C. burnetii than males, while for animal age groups, adult animals had higher odds of seropositivity than calves, kids or lambs. For livestock species, both sheep and goats had significantly higher odds of seropositivity than cattle. In human populations, men had a significantly higher odds of testing positive for C. burnetii than women.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence of livestock and human exposure to C. burnetii which could have serious economic implications on livestock production and impact on human health. These results also highlight the need to establish active surveillance in the study area to reduce the disease burden associated with this pathogen.
Implementation of a COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Regional Network for Latin America and Caribbean region
Authors: Leite Juliana Almeida , Vicari Andrea , Perez Enrique , Siqueira Marilda , Resende Paola , Motta Fernando Couto , Freitas Lucas , Fernandez Jorge , Parra Barbara , Castillo Andrés , Fasce Rodrigo , Martinez Caballero Alexander Augusto ,   COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Regional Network, Gresh Lionel , Aldighieri Sylvain , Gabastou Jean-Marc , Franco Leticia , Mendez-Rico Jairo
Published: March 2022

The timely release of SARS-CoV-2 first genomic sequences allowed the identification of the etiologic agent and development of diagnostic protocols. Genomic sequencing was a crucial step in generating data for driving laboratory response and detections of SARS-CoV-2 since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of all the progression and achievements that timely release of genetic sequence data represents in the public health response, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in collaboration with countries’ public health laboratories, started implementation of a network for strengthening the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region on timely generation of SARS-CoV-2 genomic data. Here we describe the implementation of the COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Regional Network in the Americas region during the beginning of the pandemic. The establishment of this network has strengthened laboratory response capacity at the country level, as well as facilitated timely release of SARS-CoV-2 genomic information to be used to complement the multiple response strategies for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation. As genomic epidemiology is useful for guiding public health decisions on outbreak and response, we also analysed the first SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequence data from countries of the Latin America and Caribbean Region.
Corporate social responsibility and job applicant attraction: A moderated-mediation model
Authors: Wang Hong-yan , Chen Zhi-Xia
Published: March 2022

Based on the social identity theory, this study investigates the mediation and moderation mechanism of CSR on job applicant attraction. A total of 395 job seekers are recruited to join in the experiment survey. The results indicate that job seekers’ perceptions of CSR positively relate to job applicant attraction, employer reputation and expected pride mediate this relationship, respectively, and the serial mediating role of employer reputation and then expected pride in the relationship between CSR and job applicant attraction. Additionally, the findings show that job applicants’ materialism orientation plays a moderating role in the indirect effect of CSR on job applicant attraction via expected pride, but the moderating effect of job seekers’ materialism orientation in the indirect effect of CSR on job applicant attraction via employer reputation is not statistically significant. These findings enrich the new culture-driven evidence on the impacting mechanism of CSR on job applicant’s attitude and provide valuable insight into how CSR motivates job applicant attraction.