bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial/ethnic disparity in obesity among US youth, 1999–2013
Authors: An Ruopeng
Published: November 2015

Background:

One fundamental goal in the Healthy People 2020 is to achieve health equity and eliminate disparities.

Objective:

To examine the annual trends in racial/ethnic disparity in obesity among US youth from 1999 to 2013.

Subjects:

Nationally representative sample of 108,811 students in grades 9th–12th from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 1999–2013 surveys.

Methods:

Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on self-reported height and weight. Obesity in youth is defined as BMI at or above 95th sex- and age-specific percentile of the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the annual prevalence of obesity by race/ethnicity, adjusted for gender and age group and accounted for the YRBSS survey design. Between-group variance (BGV) was used to measure absolute racial/ethnic disparity in obesity, and the mean log deviation (MLD) and the Theil Index (T) were used to measure relative racial/ethnic disparity in obesity, weighted by corresponding racial/ethnic population size.

Results:

The obesity prevalence among non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic African Americans, non-Hispanic other race or multi-race, and Hispanic increased from 10.05%, 12.31%, 10.25%, and 13.24% in 1999 to 13.14%, 15.76%, 10.87%, and 15.20% in 2013, respectively. Both absolute and relative racial/ethnic disparity in obesity increased initially since 1999 but then steadily declined starting from mid-2000s back to around its original level by 2013.

Conclusion:

The obesity epidemic in youth is marked by salient and persistent disparity pertaining to race/ethnicity. No improvement on racial/ethnic disparity in obesity among American youth was observed during 1999–2013.
Successful treatment of short stature with growth hormone replacement therapy in a patient with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Koike Yuji , Akibayashi Masaya , Yokouchi Yukako
Published: November 2015

A 19-year-old woman visited our outpatient clinic requesting treatment for short stature. She had been repeatedly hospitalized at a psychiatric unit and was subsequently diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN). She was 139.3 cm (–3.6 SD) tall and weighed 25.5 kg (23% lower than standard weight). She had primary amenorrhea and her bone age (BA) was 11.8 years. She had low insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I (80 ng/mL) and a basal growth hormone (GH) level of 1.47 ng/mL. Treatment with recombinant GH was initiated. At 22 years of age, she was 152.2 cm (–1.1 SD) tall and weighed 39.7 kg. As she had shown a favorable response to GH treatment, therapy was discontinued. We suggest that it is worthwhile treating AN patients with GH replacement therapy for short stature, once low IGF-I levels without GH resistance, delayed puberty, delay in BA, and nutritional stabilization are taken into consideration.
Modeling and Simulation Study of an Industrial Radial Moving Bed Reactor for Propane Dehydrogenation Process
Authors: Chin Sim Yee , Hisyam Anwaruddin , Prasetiawan Haniif
Published: November 2015

An accurate model is required to optimize the propane dehydrogenation reaction carried out in the radial moving bed reactors (RMBR). The present study modeled the RMBR using a plug flow reactor model incorporated with kinetic models expressed in simple power-law model. Catalyst activity and coke formation were also considered. The model was solved numerically by discretizing the RMBR in axial and radial directions. The optimized kinetic parameters were then used to predict the trends of propane conversion, temperature, catalyst activity and coke content in the RMBR along axial and radial directions. It was found that the predicted activation energies of the propane dehydrogenation, propane cracking and ethylene hydrogenation were in reasonable agreement with the experimental values reported in the literature. The model developed has accurately predicted the reaction temperature profile, conversion profile and catalyst coke content. The deviations of these simulated results from the plant data were less than 5%.
On Janowski harmonic functions
Authors: Dziok Jacek
Published: November 2015

In this paper we define classes of harmonic functions related to the Janowski
functions and we give some necessary and sufficient conditions for these
classes. Some topological properties and extreme points of the classes are
also considered. By using extreme points theory we obtain coefficients
estimates, distortion theorems, integral mean inequalities for the classes
of functions.
Evolution and monotonicity of the first eigenvalue of p-Laplacian under the Ricci-harmonic flow
Authors: Abolarinwa Abimbola
Published: November 2015

We study the evolution and monotonicity of the eigenvalues of
p-Laplace operator on an m-dimensional compact Riemannian
manifold M whose metric g(t) evolves by the Ricci-harmonic flow. The first
nonzero eigenvalue is proved to be monotonically nondecreasing along the flow
and differentiable almost everywhere. As a corollary, we recover the
corresponding results for the usual Laplace–Beltrami operator when p = 2.
We also examine the evolution and monotonicity under volume preserving
flow and it turns out that the first eigenvalue is not monotone in general.
Accurate Fiber Length Measurement Using Time-of-Flight Technique
Authors: Terra Osama , Hussein Hatem
Published: November 2015

Fiber artifacts of very well-measured length are required for the calibration of optical time domain reflectometers (OTDR). In this paper accurate length measurement of different fiber lengths using the time-of-flight technique is performed. A setup is proposed to measure accurately lengths from 1 to 40 km at 1,550 and 1,310 nm using high-speed electro-optic modulator and photodetector. This setup offers traceability to the SI unit of time, the second (and hence to meter by definition), by locking the time interval counter to the Global Positioning System (GPS)-disciplined quartz oscillator. Additionally, the length of a recirculating loop artifact is measured and compared with the measurement made for the same fiber by the National Physical Laboratory of United Kingdom (NPL). Finally, a method is proposed to relatively correct the fiber refractive index to allow accurate fiber length measurement.
Construction and Analysis of Novel 2-D Optical Orthogonal Codes Based on Extended Quadratic Congruence Codes and Modified One-Coincidence Sequence
Authors: Ji Jianhua , Li Wenjun , Zheng Hongxia
Published: November 2015

A new two-dimensional optical orthogonal code (OOC) named EQC/MOCS is constructed, using Extended Quadratic Congruence (EQC) code for time spreading and modified one-coincidence sequence (MOCS) for wavelength hopping. Compared with EQC/Prime code (PC), the number of wavelengths for EQC/MOCS is not limited to a prime number. Compared with EQC/OCS, the length of MOCS need not be expanded to the same length of EQC. EQC/MOCS can be constructed flexibly, and also has larger code cardinality.
In-vitro efficacy of indocyanine green-mediated photodynamic therapy in combination with cisplatin or etoposide
Authors: Kasimova Kamola , Lilge Lothar , Wilson Brian C.
Published: November 2015

Localizing the cytotoxic effects of cancer therapies to only affect the tumor cells is a goal in oncology, to maximize efficacy and minimize treatment-related morbidities. Most effective chemotherapeutic drugs have significant side effects due to off-target toxicity. By comparison, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a localized therapy without significant systemic toxicity but may have limited efficacy. Hence, combining PDT with chemotherapy was investigated to determine if the anti-tumor effect of the latter could be enhanced. PDT using indocyanine green (ICG), activated by near-infrared light, was investigated in lung tumor cells
Application of central composite design and rank annihilation factor analysis for optimization of mixed chelate of UO2
2+ complex with ammonium-N,N-tetramethylenedithiocarbamate and estimation of Kf
value
Authors: Aslani Mahmut A. A. , Kuru Yeşim F. , Aslani Ceren Kutahyali
Published: November 2015

The interaction between UO2
2+ and ammonium-N,N-tetramethylenedithiocarbamate (ATMDTC) was investigated experimentally by means of UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimisation of reaction with 54 runs in duplicate. This design type was also used to developed mathematical model equation. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicates that the terms of the model are significant within the 95% confident interval. Remarkably initial solution pH, initial ATMDTC concentration, initial Cu2+ concentration and temperature have effect on the reaction. Formation constant (log K
f) was calculated as 2.917 by using Rank Annihilation Factor Analysis (RAFA).
Development of an extraction system for the separation of dubnium from rutherfordium using MIBK and HCl/HF solutions
Authors: Schumann Dorothea , Dressler Rugard
Published: November 2015

A chemical separation system was developed to separate group 4 and 5 elements using extraction from HCl/HF solution into
methyl-isobutyl-ketone (MIBK). The system is proposed to be applied for a confident assignment of the spontaneous fissioning
radionuclide produced as decay product of element 115 either as dubnium (Db, Z = 105) or rutherfordium (Rf, Z = 104). Moreover,
extraction systems are proposed allowing the investigation of chemical properties of Db in comparison to the properties of its lighter
homologs Nb and Ta.
Optimized separation procedure for production of no-carrier-added radiomanganese for positron emission tomography
Authors: Buchholz Martin , Spahn Ingo , Coenen Heinz H.
Published: November 2015

The natCr(p, xn)-process is a very efficient route for production of 52gMn (T
1/2 = 5.59 d). Based on measurements of distribution coefficients with different media and ion-exchange resins, an optimized
chromatographic separation of radiomanganese from natCr with the resin Amberlite CG400 was developed. With this
system natCr is eluted first with an acetic acid/methanol 1:1 mixture at room temperature and
52gMn thereafter with 3 M HCl at 50 ℃. Within a separation time of 4 h
the method yielded 99.5% of the n.c.a. 52gMn in 2–3 mL of 3 M HCl. An ICP-MS
analysis revealed a chromium impurity of 0.07 mg (0.014%) in the n.c.a. 52gMn solution, making
this separation method suitable for the production of 52gMn for medical applications like positron emission
tomography (PET).
Spinel type twins of the new cubic Er6Zn23Ge compound
Authors: Solokha Pavlo , De Negri Serena , Proserpio Davide M. , Saccone Adriana
Published: November 2015

The crystal structure of the new Er6Zn23Ge intermetallic compound was established by X-ray diffraction analysis on a twinned crystal (space group Fm3̅m, Wyckoff sequence: f2edba, cF120–Zr6Zn23Si, a
=12.7726(6) Å). The crystal is composed of two nearly equal size domains, whose mutual orientation is described by a 180° rotation around the cubic [111] axis, i.e. a spinel-type twinning law, not common for intermetallics. Applying the nanocluster approach, Er6Ge octahedra and centered two-shell Zn45 clusters were found as structural building blocks, filling the crystal space in a NaCl-like arrangement. This description was adopted to interpret the twinning in terms of stacking faults in the fcc cubic close packed arrangement. Moreover, the assembly of the nanocluster units is proposed as a possible mechanism for crystal growth and twin formation, in agreement with the principle of the interface energy minimization. Experimental conditions such as supersaturation and co-formation of other phases are also considered as favorable factors for Er6Zn23Ge twin formation.
Distinct Cell- and Layer-Specific Expression Patterns and Independent Regulation of Kv2 Channel Subtypes in Cortical Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Bishop Hannah I. , Guan Dongxu , Bocksteins Elke , Parajuli Laxmi Kumar , Murray Karl D. , Cobb Melanie M. , Misonou Hiroaki , Zito Karen , Foehring Robert C. , Trimmer James S.
Published: November 2015

The Kv2 family of voltage-gated potassium channel α subunits, comprising Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, mediate the bulk of the neuronal delayed rectifier K+current in many mammalian central neurons. Kv2.1 exhibits robust expression across many neuron types and is unique in its conditional role in modulating intrinsic excitability through changes in its phosphorylation state, which affect Kv2.1 expression, localization, and function. Much less is known of the highly related Kv2.2 subunit, especially in forebrain neurons. Here, through combined use of cortical layer markers and transgenic mouse lines, we show that Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 are localized to functionally distinct cortical cell types. Kv2.1 expression is consistently high throughout all cortical layers, especially in layer (L) 5b pyramidal neurons, whereas Kv2.2 expression is primarily limited to neurons in L2 and L5a. In addition, L4 of primary somatosensory cortex is strikingly devoid of Kv2.2 immunolabeling. The restricted pattern of Kv2.2 expression persists in Kv2.1-KO mice, suggesting distinct cell- and layer-specific functions for these two highly related Kv2 subunits. Analyses of endogenous Kv2.2 in cortical neuronsin situand recombinant Kv2.2 expressed in heterologous cells reveal that Kv2.2 is largely refractory to stimuli that trigger robust, phosphorylation-dependent changes in Kv2.1 clustering and function. Immunocytochemistry and voltage-clamp recordings from outside-out macropatches reveal distinct cellular expression patterns for Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 in intratelencephalic and pyramidal tract neurons of L5, indicating circuit-specific requirements for these Kv2 paralogs. Together, these results support distinct roles for these two Kv2 channel family members in mammalian cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons within the neocortex are arranged in a laminar architecture and contribute to the input, processing, and/or output of sensory and motor signals in a cell- and layer-specific manner. Neurons of different cortical layers express diverse populations of ion channels and possess distinct intrinsic membrane properties. Here, we show that the Kv2 family members Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 are expressed in distinct cortical layers and pyramidal cell types associated with specific corticostriatal pathways. We find that Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 exhibit distinct responses to acute phosphorylation-dependent regulation in brain neuronsin situand in heterologous cellsin vitro. These results identify a molecular mechanism that contributes to heterogeneity in cortical neuron ion channel function and regulation.
A Convolutional Subunit Model for Neuronal Responses in Macaque V1
Authors: Vintch Brett , Movshon J. Anthony , Simoncelli Eero P.
Published: November 2015

The response properties of neurons in the early stages of the visual system can be described using the rectified responses of a set of self-similar, spatially shifted linear filters. In macaque primary visual cortex (V1), simple cell responses can be captured with a single filter, whereas complex cells combine a set of filters, creating position invariance. These filters cannot be estimated using standard methods, such as spike-triggered averaging. Subspace methods like spike-triggered covariance can recover multiple filters but require substantial amounts of data, and recover an orthogonal basis for the subspace in which the filters reside, rather than the filters themselves. Here, we assume a linear-nonlinear-linear-nonlinear (LN-LN) cascade model in which the first LN stage consists of shifted (“convolutional”) copies of a single filter, followed by a common instantaneous nonlinearity. We refer to these initial LN elements as the “subunits” of the receptive field, and we allow two independent sets of subunits, each with its own filter and nonlinearity. The second linear stage computes a weighted sum of the subunit responses and passes the result through a final instantaneous nonlinearity. We develop a procedure to directly fit this model to electrophysiological data. When fit to data from macaque V1, the subunit model significantly outperforms three alternatives in terms of cross-validated accuracy and efficiency, and provides a robust, biologically plausible account of receptive field structure for all cell types encountered in V1.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe present a new subunit model for neurons in primary visual cortex that significantly outperforms three alternative models in terms of cross-validated accuracy and efficiency, and provides a robust and biologically plausible account of the receptive field structure in these neurons across the full spectrum of response properties.
Neural Substrates of Auditory Emotion Recognition Deficits in Schizophrenia
Authors: Kantrowitz Joshua T. , Hoptman Matthew J. , Leitman David I. , Moreno-Ortega Marta , Lehrfeld Jonathan M. , Dias Elisa , Sehatpour Pejman , Laukka Petri , Silipo Gail , Javitt Daniel C.
Published: November 2015

Deficits in auditory emotion recognition (AER) are a core feature of schizophrenia and a key component of social cognitive impairment. AER deficits are tied behaviorally to impaired ability to interpret tonal (“prosodic”) features of speech that normally convey emotion, such as modulations in base pitch (F0M) and pitch variability (F0SD). These modulations can be recreated using synthetic frequency modulated (FM) tones that mimic the prosodic contours of specific emotional stimuli. The present study investigates neural mechanisms underlying impaired AER using a combined event-related potential/resting-state functional connectivity (rsfMRI) approach in 84 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder patients and 66 healthy comparison subjects. Mismatch negativity (MMN) to FM tones was assessed in 43 patients/36 controls. rsfMRI between auditory cortex and medial temporal (insula) regions was assessed in 55 patients/51 controls. The relationship between AER, MMN to FM tones, and rsfMRI was assessed in the subset who performed all assessments (14 patients, 21 controls). As predicted, patients showed robust reductions in MMN across FM stimulus type (p= 0.005), particularly to modulations in F0M, along with impairments in AER and FM tone discrimination. MMN source analysis indicated dipoles in both auditory cortex and anterior insula, whereas rsfMRI analyses showed reduced auditory-insula connectivity. MMN to FM tones and functional connectivity together accounted for ∼50% of the variance in AER performance across individuals. These findings demonstrate that impaired preattentive processing of tonal information and reduced auditory-insula connectivity are critical determinants of social cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, and thus represent key targets for future research and clinical intervention.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSchizophrenia patients show deficits in the ability to infer emotion based upon tone of voice [auditory emotion recognition (AER)] that drive impairments in social cognition and global functional outcome. This study evaluated neural substrates of impaired AER in schizophrenia using a combined event-related potential/resting-state fMRI approach. Patients showed impaired mismatch negativity response to emotionally relevant frequency modulated tones along with impaired functional connectivity between auditory and medial temporal (anterior insula) cortex. These deficits contributed in parallel to impaired AER and accounted for ∼50% of variance in AER performance. Overall, these findings demonstrate the importance of both auditory-level dysfunction and impaired auditory/insula connectivity in the pathophysiology of social cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Fbxw7 Limits Myelination by Inhibiting mTOR Signaling
Authors: Kearns Christina A. , Ravanelli Andrew M. , Cooper Kirsten , Appel Bruce
Published: November 2015

An important characteristic of vertebrate CNS development is the formation of specific amounts of insulating myelin membrane on axons. CNS myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes, glial cells that extend multiple membrane processes to wrap multiple axons. Recent data have shown that signaling mediated by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) serine/threonine kinase promotes myelination, but factors that regulate mTOR activity for myelination remain poorly defined. Through a forward genetic screen in zebrafish, we discovered that mutation offbxw7, which encodes the substrate recognition subunit of a SCF ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for degradation, causes hypermyelination. Among known Fbxw7 targets is mTOR. Here, we provide evidence that mTOR signaling activity is elevated in oligodendrocyte lineage cells offbxw7mutant zebrafish larvae. Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of mTOR function suppressed the excess myelin gene expression resulting from loss of Fbxw7 function, indicating that mTOR is a functionally relevant target of Fbxw7 in oligodendrocytes.fbxw7mutant larvae wrapped axons with more myelin membrane than wild-type larvae and oligodendrocyte-specific expression of dominant-negative Fbxw7 produced longer myelin sheaths. Our data indicate that Fbxw7 limits the myelin-promoting activity of mTOR, thereby serving as an important brake on developmental myelination.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMyelin, a specialized, proteolipid-rich membrane that ensheaths and insulates nerve fibers, facilitates the rapid conduction of electrical impulses over long distances. Abnormalities in myelin formation or maintenance result in intellectual and motor disabilities, raising a need for therapeutic strategies designed to promote myelination. The mTOR kinase is a powerful driver of myelination, but the mechanisms that regulate mTOR function in myelination are not well understood. Our studies reveal that Fbxw7, a subunit of a ubiquitin ligase that targets other proteins for degradation, acts as a brake on myelination by limiting mTOR function. These findings suggest that Fbxw7 helps tune the amount of myelin produced during development and raise the possibility that Fbxw7 could be a target of myelin-promoting therapies.
Fritz Hamer. In memoriam
Authors: Ossenbach Carlos
Published: November 2015

Fritz Hamer (1912-2004), recientemente fallecido, el más grande y quizás único verdadero experto en las orquídeas de El Salvador y Nicaragua durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX, fue el último en una larga lista de colectores y científicos alemanes que jugaron un papel relevante en la historia de la orquideología centroamericana. 
A new species of Stanhopea (Orchidaceae) from Peru
Authors: Jenny Rudolf
Published: November 2015

Se describe y se ilustra una nueva especie de Stanhopea, recién recolectada en Perú. Aunque afín a la bien conocida Stanhopea haseloviana Rchb.f., la nueva especie, Stanhopea manriquei, se diferencia por el tamaño y la morfología de las flores.
Una nueva especie de Hymenophyllum y una variedad nueva de Trichomanes collariatum Bosch (Filicales: Hymenophyllaceae) en Costa Rica
Authors: Rojas Alvarado Alexander
Published: November 2015

Se describen una nueva especie y una nueva variedad de Hymenophyllaceae de Costa Rica: Hymenophyllum talamancanum, parecido a H. horizontale C.V. Morton, y Trichomanes collariatum Bosch var. alvaradoi, con algunas diferencias respecto a la variedad típica.
CD11b+Ly6C++Ly6G− cells with suppressive activity towards T cells accumulate in lungs of influenza A virus-infected mice
Authors: Milanez-Almeida P. , Ulas T. , Pasztoi M. , Glage S. , Schughart K. , Lutz M. B. , Schultze J. L. , Huehn J.
Published: November 2015

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes an acute respiratory disease characterized by a strong inflammatory immune response and severe immunopathology. Proinflammatory mechanisms are well described in the murine IAV infection model, but less is known about the mechanisms leading to the resolution of inflammation. Here, we analyzed the contribution of CD11b+Ly6C++Ly6G− cells to this process. An accumulation of CD11b+Ly6C++Ly6G− cells within the lungs was observed during the course of IAV infection. Phenotypic characterization of these CD11b+Ly6C++Ly6G− cells by flow cytometry and RNA-Seq revealed an activated phenotype showing both pro- and anti-inflammatory features, including the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by a fraction of cells in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. Moreover, CD11b+Ly6C++Ly6G− cells isolated from lungs of IAV-infected animals displayed suppressive activity when tested in vitro, and iNOS inhibitors could abrogate this suppressive activity. Collectively, our data suggest that during IAV infection, CD11b+Ly6C++Ly6G− cells acquire immunoregulatory function, which might contribute to the prevention of pathology during this life-threatening disease.
High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in female sex workers: A case-control study
Authors: Alvarado-Esquivel Cosme , Sánchez-Anguiano Luis Francisco , Hernández-Tinoco Jesús , Arreola-Cháidez Emilio , López Juan , Salcido-Meraz Karla Itzel , Estrada-Martínez Sergio , Navarrete-Flores José Antonio , Pérez-Álamos Alma Rosa , Hernández-Ochoa Marcia , Rábago-Sánchez Elizabeth , Liesenfeld Oliver
Published: November 2015

Through an age- and sex-matched case-control study, we sought to determine whether female sex workers have an increased risk of Toxoplasma gondii exposure and to determine the sociodemographic, work, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of these workers associated with T. gondii exposure. Female workers (n = 136) and controls (n = 272) were examined with enzyme-linked immunoassays (EIA) for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies. IgM positive sera were additionally tested with enzyme linked-fluorescence immunoassay (ELFA). Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 21 (15.44%) of 136 cases and in 10 (3.67%) of 272 controls (OR = 4.05; 95% CI: 1.84–8.89; P = 0.0001). Anti-T. gondii IgG levels higher than 150 IU/ml were found in 13 (9.6%) of 136 cases and in 8 (2.9%) of 272 controls (P = 0.007). Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in two cases and in six controls by EIA, but all were negative by ELFA. T. gondii seropositivity was associated with being born out of Durango State (OR = 10.47; 95% CI: 2.9–36.8; P < 0.01), injuries during sex work (OR = 6.30; 95% CI: 1.1–33.7; P = 0.03), and soil contact (OR = 4.11; 95% CI: 1.2–14.0; P = 0.02). This is the first report of an association of T. gondii infection and female sex workers.
Commentary and Q&A on the Current Migrant Crises
Authors: Barsky Robert F.
Published: November 2015

Commentary on the refugee crisis in Europe, followed by Q&A from recent media queries.
Gender Quotas: A Path to Empowerment?
Authors: Clark Morgan
Published: November 2015

Gender equality is an idea that is enshrined in the Millennium Development Goals. In order to achieve gender equality, a significant amount of women’s empowerment must occur. Since women’s empowerment is a way out of poverty, many countries have been undertaking tasks to assist women’s ascent in society. One institution that has been established is gender quotas, which allocates seats for women in legislatures. This paper will explore how a country’s context can influence the effectiveness of gender quotas in bringing women into legislatures. From there, I will look at how female politicians affect society at large. By studying regions of the world, I measure societal effects through political engagement at the local level and public opinion of women. Overall, gender quotas do seem to increase public opinion of women, but do not increase local level political engagement. Further research should be done on what policies women in legislatures support.
Media and War
Authors: Ellis Jennifer
Published: November 2015

Representations of war in the media have changed drastically over time. Like the media representations of war, the American public's view of wars has also shifted over time; this is often a result of the media portrayals of war events. This paper examines the role of newspaper, yellow journalism, and sensationalism writing during the Spanish-American War on the American public's support for the war and juxtaposes this with television media accounts of the American war in Vietnam and how this created public disapproval for the war. Both had everlasting effects on US war policy for the future.
The Effectiveness of Arts in Trauma Intervention
Authors: Zuch Michael Thomas
Published: November 2015

With many people throughout the world struggling with traumatic experiences often leading to to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), different ways of treating those symptoms have emerged. Expressive arts therapy is the method of utilizing different modalities of art to address specific issues. By framing PTSD and the role of the arts through Abraham Maslow’s “Hierarchy of Needs,” relevant research literature is discussed on the compatibility of the two beyond the level of self-actualization. By looking at three populations with high PTSD rates - refugees, victims of sexual violence, and incarcerated individuals - different art interventions are discussed along with their effectiveness. The literature review found that using the arts is effective among PTSD populations, especially as an enhancer of regular therapy. Several recommendations for further research are given, including the creation of a suitable measurement tool that effectively captures both the quantitative results with qualitative results in addition to ensuring culturally competent therapies.
D.H. Lawrence's Death Eaters in Women in Love
Authors: Rose Kristin Elizabeth
Published: November 2015

This paper offers a Derridian reading of D.H. Lawrence’s novel Women in Love, with excerpts from the novel’s prequel The Rainbow. Through Derrida’s ideas of difference and the imaginary origin, I explore the relationship between female reproductive potential and representation as means to a female sexual power, which Lawrence’s men attempt to destroy and subvert. By attacking realms of representation, like art, the novel’s male characters seek to dominate female reproductive power to assert patriarchal visions of modernity and modernism. These violent sexual dichotomies are found in the male characters’ relations to modern capitalism/colonialism and the modernist artistic project to “make it new.” Their masculine worldviews are perpetuated by consuming the death of representation, but they can never destroy the feminine cycle of reproductive potential and life.
Megalin-Mediated Tubuloglomerular Alterations in High-Fat Diet–Induced Kidney Disease
Authors: Kuwahara Shoji , Hosojima Michihiro , Kaneko Reika , Aoki Hiroyuki , Nakano Daisuke , Sasagawa Taiji , Kabasawa Hideyuki , Kaseda Ryohei , Yasukawa Ryota , Ishikawa Tomomi , Suzuki Akiyo , Sato Hiroyoshi , Kageyama Shun , Tanaka Takahiro , Kitamura Nobutaka , Narita Ichiei , Komatsu Masaaki , Nishiyama Akira , Saito Akihiko
Published: November 2015

Obesity, an important risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease, is often complicated by CKD, which further increases cardiovascular risk and causes ESRD. To elucidate the mechanism underlying this relationship, we investigated the role of the endocytic receptor megalin in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). We studied a high-fat diet (HFD)–induced obesity/MetS model using kidney-specific mosaic megalin knockout (KO) mice. Compared with control littermates fed a normal-fat diet, control littermates fed an HFD for 12 weeks showed autolysosomal dysfunction with autophagy impairment and increased expression of hypertrophy, lipid peroxidation, and senescence markers in PTECs of the S2 segment, peritubular capillary rarefaction with localized interstitial fibrosis, and glomerular hypertrophy with mesangial expansion. These were ameliorated in HFD-fed megalin KO mice, even though these mice had the same levels of obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia as HFD-fed control mice. Intravital renal imaging of HFD-fed wild-type mice also demonstrated the accumulation of autofluorescent lipofuscin-like substances in PTECs of the S2 segment, accompanied by focal narrowing of tubular lumens and peritubular capillaries. In cultured PTECs, fatty acid–rich albumin induced the increased expression of genes encoding PDGF-B and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 via megalin, with large (auto)lysosome formation, compared with fatty acid–depleted albumin. Collectively, the megalin-mediated endocytic handling of glomerular-filtered (lipo)toxic substances appears to be involved primarily in hypertrophic and senescent PTEC injury with autophagy impairment, causing peritubular capillary damage and retrograde glomerular alterations in HFD-induced kidney disease. Megalin could be a therapeutic target for obesity/MetS-related CKD, independently of weight, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia modification.
Using Population Genetics to Interrogate the Monogenic Nephrotic Syndrome Diagnosis in a Case Cohort
Authors: Sampson Matthew G. , Gillies Christopher E. , Robertson Catherine C. , Crawford Brendan , Vega-Warner Virginia , Otto Edgar A. , Kretzler Matthias , Kang Hyun Min
Published: November 2015

To maximize clinical benefits of genetic screening of patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) to diagnose monogenic causes, reliably distinguishing NS-causing variants from the background of rare, noncausal variants prevalent in all genomes is vital. To determine the prevalence of monogenic NS in a North American case cohort while accounting for background prevalence of genetic variation, we sequenced 21 implicated monogenic NS genes in 312 participants from the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network and 61 putative controls from the 1000 Genomes Project (1000G). These analyses were extended to available sequence data from approximately 2500 subjects from the 1000G. A typical pathogenicity filter identified causal variants for NS in 4.2% of patients and 5.8% of subjects from the 1000G. We devised a more stringent pathogenicity filtering strategy, reducing background prevalence of causal variants to 1.5%. When applying this stringent filter to patients, prevalence of monogenic NS was 2.9%; of these patients, 67% were pediatric, and 44% had FSGS on biopsy. The rate of complete remission did not associate with monogenic classification. Thus, we identified factors contributing to inaccurate monogenic classification of NS and developed a more accurate variant filtering strategy. The prevalence and clinical correlates of monogenic NS in this sporadically affected cohort differ substantially from those reported for patients referred for genetic analysis. Particularly in unselected, population–based cases, considering putative causal variants in known NS genes from a probabilistic rather than a deterministic perspective may be more precise. We also introduce GeneVetter, a web tool for monogenic assessment of rare disease.
América Latina y el sentido originario del comercio justo
Authors: Coscione Marco
Published: November 2015

El Comercio Justo certificado Fairtrade atraviesa hoy en día una importante crisis interna: sus principios originarios parecen cada vez más en riesgo y se mezclan, muy a menudo, con intereses de actores que poco tienen que ver con el compromiso social y de lucha de los que los antecedieron. El sentido mismo de las palabras comercio justo puede estar cambiando debido a la entrada de grandes empresas multinacionales cuyo objetivo parece más bien un lavado de imagen. Sin embargo, en este escenario, los pequeños productores latinoamericanos están asumiendo un mayor protagonismo para ir rescribiendo, desde abajo y desde el Sur, las relaciones de poder y las reglas del juego que predominan en los circuitos globales justos.
Entre economía social y economía popular. Confusiones y desaciertos políticos en el “Ecuador del Buen Vivir”.
Authors: Martínez Godoy Diego
Published: November 2015

La economía social y solidaria en el Ecuador, se ha constituido en los últimos 8 años en una bandera del discurso político oficialista. A pesar de los esfuerzos que se han realizados en favor de las organizaciones que componen este sector económico, existen varias confusiones y desaciertos políticos que se explican en gran medida por la exclusión del concepto de “innovación social” y de la variable territorial en el análisis de las dinámicas de actores de la economía social y solidaria. ¿Cuáles son los riesgos presentes para este sector económico en el Ecuador?, ¿Que camino se debería favorecer para  crear y fortalecer verdaderas iniciativas alternativas al sistema económico dominante? Son algunas de las preguntas que el artículo pretende responder tomando algunos ejemplos de las experiencias existentes tanto en el Ecuador como en Europa.
Economía social y solidaria en clave de desarrollo socio-territorial en Argentina. Conceptos, políticas públicas y experiencias desde la universidad
Authors: Altschuler Bárbara , Pastore Rodolfo
Published: November 2015

En el presente artículo nos proponemos aportar elementos de análisis sobre la vinculación entre la economía social y solidaria (ESS) y el desarrollo socio-territorial (DST), a partir de una experiencia desarrollada desde la universidad pública en Argentina, en articulación con actores de la ESS y con políticas públicas orientadas al sector. En el primer apartado presentamos nuestra perspectiva conceptual sobre ESS y las trayectorias empíricas que la conforman e incluimos una síntesis de las políticas públicas orientadas a la ESS en la última década. En el segundo apartado reflexionamos sobre la articulación entre ESS y DST desde una visión crítica, poniendo en cuestión las nociones dominantes de desarrollo y territorio. En tercer lugar, presentamos brevemente las líneas de acción y avances realizados desde la universidad, como propuesta de “trans/formación” educativa en materia de investigación, docencia y vinculación comunitaria y sociotécnica con la comunidad. Desde la experiencia realizada, la idea principal del artículo es que las universidades pueden cumplir un rol estratégico en la expansión y fortalecimiento del campo de la ESS, en articulación con los actores del propio campo y, cuando así sea posible, con políticas públicas integrales y sostenidas en el tiempo.
Presentación Revista Eutopía 7
Authors: Martínez Valle Luciano
Published: November 2015

En los últimos años, dos movimientos económicos sociales superpuestos han tenido un gran impacto en el entendimiento y la práctica del desarrollo en América Latina. Estos son el Comercio Justo y la Economía Social y Solidaria. El objetivo del presente número de Eutopía es examinar algunas de las prácticas más singulares e innovadoras en cuanto al Comercio Justo y la Economía Social y Solidaria a nivel local, regional y global.
Funcionarios y colonos: la formación del estado en el suroriente colombiano
Authors: Martinez Basallo Sandra Patricia
Published: November 2015

Desde una aproximación antropológica al estudio del estado, el artículo aborda el proceso de formación local del estado en el suroriente colombiano a partir del análisis de las interacciones surgidas entre los funcionarios y los beneficiarios de las políticas agrarias implementadas en esta región entre 1960 y 1980. El examen de este fenómeno muestra el continuo trasvase de las fronteras entre los agentes estatales y no estatales que, inmersos en un complejo proceso de negociación
de la dominación, interactúan en un campo inestable de relaciones que fluctúan entre la proximidad y la distancia que los une o los separa
Nación, diversidad e identidad en el marco del Estado plurinacional de Daniel Moreno, Gonzalo Vargas y Daniela Osorio
Authors: Jiménez Kanahuaty Christian Dorian
Published: November 2015

Reseña de Nación, diversidad e identidad en el marco del Estado plurinacional
Todo por la patria. Refundación y retorno del estado en las revoluciones bolivarianas
Authors: Burbano de Lara Felipe
Published: November 2015

El artículo aborda el llamado retorno del estado en las revoluciones bolivarianas (Venezuela, Bolivia y Ecuador) a partir de un análisis del discurso de Hugo Chávez, Evo Morales y Rafael Correa. La idea del retorno sugiere claramente que si el estado se convirtió en las décadas de los ochenta y noventa en un problema, en los procesos abiertos a partir del giro a la izquierda en América Latina emerge como solución. No obstante, más allá de ciertas generalidades, son pocos los análisis que explican cómo retorna el estado en las revoluciones bolivarianas, de qué modo este retorno redefine el campo de la política y qué evalúan algunas de sus implicaciones. El artículo muestra que el estado retorna en los tres casos ligado a otros dos significantes poderosos: la promesa refundacional y el amor a la patria. Se concluye que la convergencia de las tres categorías –refundación, patria y estado– configura una poderosa identidad colectiva teñida de elementos morales y emocionales que liga a los liderazgos en los tres países con una comunidad política reconstituida. 
Cultura ciudadana. Una nueva mirada al límite entre el estado y la sociedad
Authors: Hunt Stacey
Published: November 2015

En este artículo analizaré la persistencia del estado colombiano pese al crimen y la violencia generalizada.
Varios teóricos contemporáneos sostienen que el estado debe subscribir la imagen de una entidad relativamente autónoma de la sociedad civil, capaz de monopolizar la violencia. Sin embargo, la ‘cultura ciudadana’, política innovadora para la reducción del crimen que se analiza aquí, se basa en la premisa de que el estado es incapaz de ofrecer seguridad a sus ciudadanos debido
a la existencia de una cultura de violencia. La política motiva a los ciudadanos a asumir responsabilidad
sobre su propia seguridad al adoptar una cultura ciudadana. Esto se hace inundando el espacio público de espectáculos educativos, símbolos y eslóganes que circunscriben el debate público e instruyen el comportamiento ciudadano. Arguyo que la cultura ciudadana funciona para legitimar al estado a pesar de la continua violencia, al transferir del estado hacia la sociedad civil la responsabilidad de la provisión de la seguridad con lo que altera además la demarcación entre estado y sociedad y redefine la esencia misma del estado moderno.
Decisiones públicas. Análisis y estudio de los procesos de decisión en políticas públicas de Juno Dente y Joan Subirats
Authors: Zabala Peñafiel Tania
Published: November 2015

Reseña de Decisiones públicas. Análisis y estudio de los procesos de decisión en políticas públicas
Witnessing in psychotherapy
Authors: Grebenyuk E.G.
Published: November 2015

The article introduces the concept of witnessing in two approaches — Authentic Movement and narrative therapy. It speaks of the main ideas and principles, methods and possibilities, opening by them. Also it analyses the relationship between two approaches and invite the reader to the further questioning about the development of methodology and practice of psychotherapy.
Phototherapy as a psychotherapeutic tool
Authors: Kevats M.A.
Published: November 2015

The article describes a specific approach of using photography in psychotherapy which is called phototherapy by its author J. Weiser and is not widespread in Russian Federation at the time. That concept is distinguished from art therapy and therapeutic photography. Functions of photography are specified in the context of its value for psychotherapy and as a part of phototherapy process. We consider examples of using phototherapy around the world and present our conclusions about the audience and psychological problems where this approach shows its effectiveness.
Psychological support in psychogenic polydipsia
Authors: Buslaeva A.S.
Published: November 2015

The article presents a case of psychological support to a girl suffering from psychogenic polydipsia. It is shown the necessity of integrated approach at the stage of diagnosis and rehabilitation to provide comprehensive care to the child and her family. Stages, directions and techniques of psychological assistance to the child are described. The results at different stages of the work are presented.
El Fondo de la Casa de Moneda de Zacatecas en el Archivo Histórico de la Casa de Moneda de México
Authors: Matamala Vivanco Juan Fernando
Published: November 2015

 <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">El fondo documental de la Casa de Moneda de Zacatecas es uno de los más completos que sobre las fábricas de moneda provinciales del siglo XIX se hayan identificado hasta el momento. La información que contiene inicia a partir de 1810, año en el que fue creada, y concluye hasta 1905, fecha en que desapareció por decreto del gobierno federal. 
Los usos monetarios y las prácticas financieras. Córdoba, Argentina 1850-1900
Authors: Converso Félix Elvio
Published: November 2015

<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Al abordar el tema inherente a la problemática provocada por el uso de diversas monedas en las plazas mercantiles regionales durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, conviene considerar que la función de medio de cambio puede tolerar la presencia de más de una moneda sin demasiadas complicaciones, pero la función de unidad de cuenta no la permite.
Ganadería. Presentación
Authors: Dirección editorial ALHE
Published: November 2015

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">América Latina en la Historia Económica. Boletín de Fuentes<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> aborda en este número el tema de la Ganadería; sector o subsector económico olvidado por la historiografía latinoamericana e incluso tal vez por la europea, y que ha sido desplazado por los estudios agrarios, donde el interés por la producción de granos siempre ha ocupado el primer lugar. Las preguntas de los historiadores económicos por lo general tienden a interrogar sobre la producción agrícola en el pasado sin tener una visión más bien agropecuaria, donde ambas actividades se entiendan como complemento, es decir, en el sentido de coexistir y compartir la tierra en el uso de los suelos, lograr abonos, pastos, forrajes y posibilitar la alternancia en las actividades laborales de los hombres del campo. Ancestralmente ambas actividades estuvieron muy ligadas, sólo la introducción de nuevas tecnologías en la crianza del ganado y en la producción agrícola en el siglo XIX y especialmente en el XX, terminó por definir sus destinos de manera individual.
La ganadería española durante la edad moderna. Propuestas de renovación historiográfica de un sector oculto
Authors: Bernardos Sanz José Ubaldo
Published: November 2015

Este trabajo, a partir de un estado de la cuestión que analiza alguna de las obras claves de la ganadería española, se basa en la creencia de que la el sector pecuario español del Antiguo Régimen, y concretamente en el caso castellano, ha sido un apartado especialmente oscurecido por unas tendencias historiográficas que han apostado por el estudio de una parte del problema, reduciendo las perspectivas y perjudicando un estudio equilibrado del sector ganadero en su conjunto. A la vez constata la existencia de numerosas fuentes que pueden utilizarse para dar nuevos enfoques y retomar de forma más equilibrada y compleja el estudio de la ganadería, haciendo hincapié en una documentación poco utilizada, como es la referente al abastecimiento de las carnicerías, como posible instrumento para analizar las tendencias de la cabaña ganadera a lo largo del periodo moderno. En suma, presenta nuevas herramientas para que, con las ya conocidas y utilizadas, se pueda replantear totalmente la cuestión ganadera, con el fin de situarla de forma compleja e integrada en una visión nueva de nuestra historia.