bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“ShortCardiac” - an open-source tool for assessing cardiac function quickly
Authors: Radke Karl Ludger , Hußmann Janina , Röwer Lena , Voit Dirk , Frahm Jens , Antoch Gerald , Klee Dirk , Pillekamp Frank , Wittsack Hans-Jörg
Published: August 2024

In this work, we propose a new open-source framework for cardiac functional analysis. Our proposed framework can be used in a pipeline with the commercial software Circle cvi42 as well as the free software ITKSnap and enables a step towards a fully automated, reproducible, and quantitative assessment of MR images in clinical routine.
Blind Source Separation Improves the Precision and Robustness of Self-Gated Motion Extraction in Free-Running 4D Whole-Heart MRI
Authors: Quesada Isabel Montón , Ogier Augustin C. , Yerly Jérôme , Richiardi Jonas , Roy Christopher , Schwitter Juerg , Stuber Matthias , van Heeswijk Ruud
Published: August 2024

Several cardiac and respiratory motion-resolved free-running acquisition techniques have recently been developed, but automated self-gated motion extraction with principal component analysis (PCA) alone remains challenging and sometimes fails to correctly identify the components related to cardiac motion. We combined three blind source separation algorithms (fastICA, ICASSO and SOBI) with PCA and compared them with gold-standard ECG R-wave triggers in 10 healthy volunteers to determine the most precise and robust self-gated cardiac trigger extraction. Of these tested techniques, PCA combined with SOBI resulted in the lowest variability of the cardiac intervals relative to ECG intervals (p=0.03) and the sharpest images (p=0.03).
Reconstruction of Dynamic MRI Tensor Data Using Frequency Low-rank and Sparsity Prior
Authors: Yang Runyu , Sun Haozhong , Chen Huijun
Published: August 2024

Obtaining high spatial and temporal resolution image in dynamic magnetic resonance imaging is a huge challenge. It is effective to use low-rank and sparse prior jointly for dMRI reconstruction. However, the models represented the tensor data into a matrix, which can not completely explore the spatiotemporal correlation information. Besides, using nuclear norm as convex surrogate of the rank function to enforce the low-rank, which may lead to the sub-optimal result. Hence, we proposed the piecewise frequency tensor nuclear norm in the low-rank and joint sparse prior to reconstructed data. The proposed method was tested in cardiac cine and perfusion data.
Utilizing MR Elastography to Visualize Higher Harmonic Components of Wave Propagation in Phantoms with Interfaces
Authors: Triolo Emily , Eriten Melih , Johnson Curtis , Kurt Mehmet
Published: August 2024

While MRE can be used to calculate mechanical properties of tissue, bio-interfaces can cause distortions in the shear-wave propagation patterns which are difficult to account for with current MRE techniques. Therefore, we utilized three specialized MRE sequences to visualize the first three harmonics of wave propagation in phantoms with simulated bio-interfaces. We were able to measure the doubling and tripling of wave number in the phantoms excited at the fundamental vibration frequency using this optimized MRE protocol. We characterized differences in wave propagation at higher harmonics along phantom interfaces, and observed substantial differences in wave characteristics based on adhesion level.
Myocardial strain generation from cine MR images using an automated deep learning network
Authors: An Dayeong , Ibrahim El-Sayed
Published: August 2024

Current gold-standard method for obtaining myocardial strain is based on MRI tagged images, although this increases the MRI exam time and requires special analysis software. We propose to use cine MR images to train a deep neural-network to generate myocardial strain based on target strain maps generated from tagged images acquired at the same locations and timepoints as the cine images. The results showed high agreement between the output and target strain maps. Our method not only saves MRI scan time by acquiring only cine images but also pre and post image processing time by quantifying myocardial strains automatically.
Combining MR Fingerprinting with Voxel-based Morphometric MRI Analysis to Reduce False Positives for Focal Cortical Dysplasia Detection
Authors: Ding Zheng , Hu Siyuan , Su Ting-Yu , Choi Joon Yul , Wang Xiaofeng , Sakaie Ken , Murakami Hiroatsu , Huppertz Hans-Juergen , Blumcke Ingmar , Jones Stephen , Najm Imad , Ma Dan , Wang Zhong Irene
Published: August 2024

We sought to improve focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) lesion detection by combining MR fingerprinting (MRF) with voxel-based morphometric MRI analysis. We acquired high-resolution MRF and T1w MPRAGE data from 29 patients and 47 age-and-gender-matched healthy controls. FCD probability maps were generated using the morphometric analysis program (MAP18). MRF T1 and T2 values in white matter were significantly higher in true-positive clusters than false-positive clusters. Using normalized MRF T1, T2, and cluster size as input, an SVM model was able to predict whether each cluster represents a true positive with high accuracy, demonstrating its potential contribution to clinical FCD detection workflow.
Diagnostic value of rs-fMRI indicators based on SVM classification in adult patients with MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Fan Yang , xiao JIA , KUKUN HANJIAERBIEKE , yu WANG , ling WANG
Published: August 2024

Rs-fMRI technology provides a range of analytical approaches that expand the scope of epilepsy research, and these algorithms provide unique views on pathophysiological processes that complement each other in interpreting regional spontaneous brain activity. ALFF, fALFF and ReHo can effectively identify MRI negative TLE (MRIn TLE) patients based on support vector machine algorithm. We hypothesized that there were abnormal changes in DMN-related brain regions in MRIn TLE patients, and the brain function indexes of angular gyrus, precuneus, and inferior parietal angular gyrus could distinguish MRIn TLE patients from HC.
Neurite orientation and dispersion density imaging (NODDI) to detect PCDH19 related microstructural anomalies.
Authors: Napolitano Antonio , Parrillo Chiara , Baldassari Giulia , Longo Daniela , Espagnet Maria Camilla Rossi , Talamanca Lorenzo Figa'
Published: August 2024

Protocadherin 19 (PCDH19)-clustering epilepsy (PCDH19-CE) is a genetic form of epilepsy caused by a mutation of PCDH19-CE gene that begins in the first year of life. Patients with this disorder may present intellectual disability, behavioral problems and motor and language delay. Using advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods we were able to highlight microstructural changes of brain in PCDH patients. These results shows that Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) techniques might be useful tools to investigate PCDH19 anomalous arborization.
Assessing Scanner Changes after Major Repairs using Traceable Phantoms from the NIST/NIBIB Lending Library
Authors: Russek Stephen , Keenan Kathryn , Stupic Karl , Stoffer Cassandra , Wilkes Teryn , Sherbakov Lena
Published: August 2024

We demonstrate the utility of periodic use of standard phantoms to assess changes in MRI scanner performance after unexpected major repairs. We present characterization of a 3T scanner before and after an unexpected gradient failure and replacement using a traceable system phantom and an isotropic diffusion phantom from the NIST/NIBIB Medical Phantom Lending Library. No major changes were observed in gradient calibration, geometric distortion, imaging uniformity, and resolution. Post-repair improvements were noted in SNR, relaxation time, water diffusivity measurements, although both pre and post-repair data were acceptable.
Relaxometry phantoms: Are there alternatives to paramagnetic additives?
Authors: Fritz Victor , Schick Fritz
Published: August 2024

Phantoms used for relaxometry usually consist of a gelling agent doped with paramagnetic salt. However, since the use of paramagnetic additives can be disadvantageous for certain purposes, there is a great interest in finding other suitable substances. In this work, soy-lecithin-agar gels are presented and evaluated as an alternative phantom material for the construction of relaxometry phantoms with tissue-like relaxation times. They were found to work quite well. Soy-lecithin-agar gels are easy to prepare and allow independent adjustment of T1 and T2. Relaxation times of different tissues (muscle, liver, pancreas, kidney) could be successfully mimicked.
Development of an MR-Compatible Motion Phantom to Evaluate Motion-Robust Quantitative MRI
Authors: Tang Jiayi , Rice James , Gwertzman Jack , Reeder Scott , Roldán-Alzate Alejandro , Hernando Diego
Published: August 2024

Chemical-shift encoded (CSE) MRI can quantify PDFF and R2* as biomarkers for liver fat and iron deposition, respectively, but conventional methods (3D-CSE) are not motion-robust. Recent methods (2D-CSE-FAM) have been proposed which demonstrate motion-robustness; the evaluation of these methods urges the development of a MR-compatible motion phantom. In this work, we constructed such a phantom, validated it via video tracking, and used it to show motion artifacts and quantification biases in 3D-CSE, identify a potential source of bias in axial R2* 2D-CSE-FAM acquisitions, and confirm the motion-robustness of coronal 2D-CSE-FAM.
Evaluation of multi-echo ICA denoising for an olfactory task experiment.
Authors: Okumura Toshiki , Okamoto Masako , Touhara Kazushige , Kida Ikuhiro
Published: August 2024

To remove noises from fMRI signals, ME-ICA was proposed. However, it is still unclear whether the denoising method shows good performance for an olfactory task experiment. Here, we compared the GLM and MVPA results between conventional denoising method and ME-ICA. In the 2nd level GLM, ME-ICA showed larger activation than conventional one, which is in line with the previous studies for visual or auditory experiments. On the other hand, ME-ICA did not show better MVPA performance. In conclusion, ME-ICA was a good denoising method for an olfactory experiment, but the benefit was small for MVPA.
Using Convolutional Neural Networks to detect and remove out-of-voxel MRS artefacts
Authors: Gudmundson Aaron , Hupfeld Kathleen , Song Yulu , Zöllner Helge , Jenkins Christopher Davies- , Özdemir İpek , Oeltzschner Georg , Edden Richard
Published: August 2024

Out-of-voxel (OOV) artefacts, or echoes, are common in-vivo artefacts seen in MRS data. These artefacts are typically not identified until post-processing and are challenging to remove without modifying the underlying data. Here, we developed 2 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to overcome OOV artefacts at different stages. The first network (CNN1) was designed to identify OOV artefacts in single average data and offer a real-time assessment during data acquisition. The second (CNN2) predicts the OOV artefact to subtract during post-processing without impacting the metabolite data.
Design and construction of a 14-channel receive-only array for high resolution MRI of marmosets’ brain at 9.4T
Authors: Papoti Daniel , Szczupak Diego , Schaeffer David , Silva Afonso
Published: August 2024

The present work describes the design characterization and tests of a 14-channel receive-only array for marmoset brain MRI at 9.4T. The coil was designed to maximize the SNR over the entire head of a common marmoset, considering the anesthesia apparatus, such as ear bars and anesthesia mask.
Demonstration of Distinct Iron Deposition Patterns in Gliomas using 7T Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping
Authors: Lee Demetrius , B.S.  , Vineis Kristina , B.S.  , Godoy Laiz , M.D.  , Desiderio Lisa , (R)(MR) RT , Mohan Suyash , M.D.  , Chawla Sanjeev , Ph.D
Published: August 2024

Evidence has shown that abnormal iron levels and gliomas are heavily correlated. Due to this, iron presents a possibility to serve as a glioma biomarker. This study will utilize susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to identify the glioma, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to explicitly classify iron deposits in the glioma on an ultra-high field (7T) scanner. A total of 6 untreated glioma patients with high- and low-grade gliomas underwent 7T QSM. Patients with high-grade gliomas showed distinct, geometric iron deposits that low-grade gliomas did not. These results illustrate that 7T QSM may be helpful in classifying low- and high-grade gliomas.
Characterisation of pregnancies affected by pre-eclampsia using MRI
Authors: Hall Megan , Colford Kathleen , Cromb Daniel , Jandu Priya , Ho Alison , Price Anthony , Chappell Lucy , Rutherford Mary , Story Lisa , Lamata Pablo , Hutter Jana
Published: August 2024

Maternal cardiac, placental and fetal brain anatomical and functional MRI was obtained in 63 pregnancies, including 12 with pre-eclampsia. In pregnancies affected by pre-eclampsia, placental T2* was significantly reduced compared to normal pregnancy. All women with placental histopathological anomalies consistent with pre-eclampsia showed a reduced placental T2*. Fetal brain T2* was significantly lower in women with pre-eclampsia than those without, although brain volume was maintained. In women with pre-eclampsia, reduced fetal brain T2* was associated with middle cerebral artery Doppler abnormalities. Cardiac work was increased in women with pre-eclampsia.
The Circulatory Arrest Recovery Ammonia Problem (CARAP) Hypothesis
Authors: Spielman Daniel , Gu Meng , Liu Hunter , Liu Shie-Chau , Hurd Ralph , Riemer Kirk , Okamura Kenichi , Hanley Frank
Published: August 2024

Brain injury remains an ongoing concern for patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. Observations in a neonatal pig model of build-up of blood ammonia levels may be a significant unrecognized source of metabolic stress in these surgeries. Ammonia entering the brain upon restarting the CPB pump appears highly correlated with the level of hypothermia and glutamine/glutamate appears highly correlated with brain lactate levels. These changes are also strongly dependent on the choice of surgical parameters such the use of deep hypothermia cardiac arrest (whereby all blood flow is stopped) versus antegrade cerebral perfusion (whereby brain blood flow is maintained).
Comparing Volumetric to 2D Methods in Assessing Post-treatment Response of Different Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma (pLGG) Tumor Components
Authors: Ramakrishnan Divya , von Reppert Marc , Bruningk Sarah , Memon Fatima , Krycia Mark , Sala Matthew , Bahar Ryan , Kazerooni Anahita , Nabavizadeh Ali , Molinaro Annette , Haas-Kogan Daphne , Nicolaides Theodore , Mueller Sabine , Prados Michael , Aboian Mariam
Published: August 2024

Accurate response assessment is critical in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) as there is significant morbidity associated with continued treatment. Current standards for assessment rely on 2D measurements. Given the heterogenous nature of pLGG, volumetric assessment of treatment response may prove more effective. In this study, we compared 2D and volumetric methods of assessing treatment response in patients from the PNOC-002 clinical trial of pLGG. We analyzed the quantitative differences between 2D and volumetric measurements of tumor volume percent change post-treatment. We also compared classification of treatment response based on application of RANO criteria to various pLGG tumor components.
Free breathing, multi-shot real-time imaging using adaptive k-space sampling (ARKS) for iCMR
Authors: Chung Nuri , Rodriguez-Soto Ana , Hegde Sanjeet , Schuchardt Eleanor , Gordon Brent , Cronin Ileen , Contijoch Francisco
Published: August 2024

Adaptive k-space sampling (ARKS) enables real-time multi-shot imaging by quickly finding data acquired during similar cardiac phases1. In this study, we used pediatric physiologic signals to simulate ARKS and extended the approach to incorporate respiratory gating and enable free breathing acquisition. Respiratory gating was performed by cross-correlating the recent respiratory signal with previously acquired values. A correlation cutoff was used to select similar periods. As expected, higher correlation cutoffs led to lower acceptance rates. For a search period of 32 beats, respiratory gating with a correlation cutoff of 0.5 identified 6 heartbeats for multi-beat imaging.
Comparison of brain quantitative susceptibility mapping between preterm and full-term newborns
Authors: Park Shin-Eui , Mallack Eric J. , Wang Yi , Nguyen Thanh D. , Zun Zungho
Published: August 2024

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an emerging technique and may be utilized to assess neurodevelopmental disabilities characterized by insufficient iron content and myelination. In this study, a total of 23 full-term and 12 preterm newborns were studied using QSM. Compared to full-term, mean regional susceptibility of preterm newborns was significantly higher in the parietal white matter and was significantly lower in the frontal gray matter. This may be indicative of a regional deficit in iron deposition and myelination of the preterm newborn brain, and suggest that QSM may be used to identify early evidence of impaired neurodevelopment.
Initial experience with Amide Proton Transfer weighted imaging in pediatric neuro-oncology
Authors: Obdeijn Iris , Wiegers Evita , Plasschaert Sabine , van de Ven Kim , Klomp Dennis , Hoogduin Hans , Lequin Maarten , Wijnen Jannie
Published: August 2024

APTw imaging has shown promising applications in diagnosing adult brain tumors. However, pediatric brain tumors differ from their adult counterparts in terms of clinical, biological, and radiological appearance. Therefore, we investigated if and how APTw imaging can be used in clinical-decision making in pediatric neuro-oncology. First, we showed the repeatability of APTw maps, allowing longitudinal assessment. Then APTw imaging was evaluated in eleven children with a brain tumor. APTw values are higher in pediatric brain tumors compared to normal-appearing white matter. Unlike studies in adults, APTw values were not significant different between low-grade glioma and high-grade glioma in these children.
The value of Synthetic MRI combined with histogram analysis in predicting treatment response to chemoradiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yang Fan , Wei Haoran , Li Yujie , Yu Xiaoduo , Xie Lizhi , Lin Meng
Published: August 2024

Almost 80% nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients are diagnosed with locoregionally-advanced stage at the time of initial diagnosis. Early detection of treatment response is important for adjusting therapy regimens. SyMRI could not only generate multi-contrast images (including T1WI, T2WI and PDWI) in a single scan, but also generate quantitative T1, T2 and PD maps. Our study demonstrated that SyMRI combined with histogram analysis could non-invasive predict early treatment response. The predict performance of combined SyMRI and clinical factors was significantly higher than clinical only or TNM stage only.
A feasibility study of susceptibility source separation via chi-separation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients at 7T
Authors: Kim Jiye , Shin Hyeong-Geol , Ji Sooyeon , Jeong Hwihun , An Hongjun , Sohn Cheol-Ho , Han Sohyun , Song Huijin , Chae Ju-Hee , Choi Seok-Jin , Sung Jung-Joon , Lee Jongho
Published: August 2024

The in-vivo imaging of iron and myelin concentrations of the motor cortex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients has significance in advancing knowledge about the degeneration progress of the disease. Here, we explored the feasibility of applying 𝜒-separation to ALS patients in-vivo at 7T. When the susceptibility values in hand knobs are examined, ALS patients have higher positive susceptibility values than healthy controls, confirming the histological finding of iron accumulation in ALS.
Observation of the Cerebral Perforating Arteries around Circle of Willis Using Compressed Sensing Time-of-Flight at 7T
Authors: Kong Qingle , Zhang Zhe , Jing Jing
Published: August 2024

The impairment of microvessels can lead to neurologic diseases such as stroke and vascular dementia. Perforating arteries imaging requires an extremely high resolution due to their small caliber size. In this study, for the first time, the feasibility of noninvasive visualization of perforators around Circle of Willis in vivo was demonstrated by using 7T compressed sensing TOF. The number of stems and branches of the perforators was then calculated. The origin and anatomical distribution of the perforating arteries are described. This work revealed that ultra-high-resolution CS TOF might be a promising method for detecting microvasculopathies of cerebral vascular diseases.
Automatic detection method for the stationary period of the coronary arteries for whole-heart coronary MR angiography using deep learning
Authors: Kuhara Shigehide , Kasai Remina , Endo Yuta , Takahashi Sanae , Shibo Haruna , Kobayashi Kuninori , Amanuma Makoto
Published: August 2024

We developed a new method using a convolutional neural network to obtain the stationary periods of the coronary arteries for whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography. A time-domain segmentation method using U-net was proposed. Two motion curves, which were obtained from the motion of the coronary arteries between cine frames, were vertically arranged, converted to motion images, and used to extract the stationary periods. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately determine the stationary period of the coronary arteries in humans, and it is expected to be a fully automatic determination method for the stationary period.
Perturbation of calf-muscle stiffness with graded plantar flexions as measured by magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Wang Jialin , Mu Xin , Wu Mingyan , Li Yanbin , Xu Huahui , Gu Xiaoli , Zhang Jeff L.
Published: August 2024

Using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), we investigated the potential changes in the stiffness of calf muscle with plantar flexion. Significant decreases in shear modulus were found when exercise was applied in a progressive way. Such decrease was possibly due to the increase muscle hyperemia in exercise, which was partially verified by increased T2-weighted signals in the same study. In conclusion, MRE is a promising method for measuring mechanical viscoelastic properties of skeletal muscles and thus for assessing muscle function or performance.
Elevated blood flow and amide proton transfer weighted signal in diabetic foot: a novel clinical research using non-contrast imaging
Authors: Lu Shan , Zhao Shiyu , Song Xueyan , Ma Guangyang , Shen Zhiwei , Chang* Baocheng
Published: August 2024

For the first time, DF infection was analyzed using ASL and APTw imaging, and high BF and MTRasym (3.5 ppm) may be used as a novel biomarker in DF course monitoring and treatment option evaluation. ASL and APTw imaging in DF may be a safe and convenient approach for individuals with renal insufficiency because to its non-contrast injection.
Using FW-DTI and VBM to identify white matter microstructural integrity and grey matter density in a preclinical model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bergamino Maurizio , Nelson Megan , Numani Asfia , Scarpelli Matthew , Healey Deborah , Fuentes Alberto , Turner Gregory , Stokes Ashley
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to assess white matter integrity and grey matter volume density in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (3xTg-AD) using free-water (FW) diffusion tensor imaging (FW-DTI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Additionally, histological analyses of amyloid and tau protein in different regions across the brain were examined.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging in neuroradiology
Authors: Nada Ayman
Published: August 2024

This will an educational material for radiologists and radiology trainee on a new model fitting of the diffusion weighted imaging. Clinical translation of the intravoxel incoherent motion DWI is imperative. Its clinical applications are growing. The evaluation of brain tumors, predicting tumor grade, and the evaluation of the treatment outcomes following treatment of brain tumors are important areas for the utility of IVIM.
Imaging Cerebral Inflammation: Translational Findings from Preclinical MRI & 31P MRS
Authors: Saggu Raman
Published: August 2024

Stroke is routinely diagnosed using clinical MRI and MRS, which provide information on tissue pathophysiology and metabolism respectively. However, within such a complex lesion, it is difficult to establish the relative contributions of the ischaemic and inflammatory components on the resulting pathophysiology. It would be useful for clinicians to be able to identify tissue MR signals attributable to cerebral inflammation and discern them from MR signals pertaining to ischaemic injury, facilitating targeted therapeutic strategies.
Absolute quantification of hepatic 31P metabolites at 3 T using a phantom replacement technique – How to set it up
Authors: Korzekwa Benedict , Jonuscheit Marc , Kupriyanova Yuliya , Roden Michael , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera
Published: August 2024

Phantom replacement techniques for the quantification of absolute concentrations of hepatic phosphorous metabolites are an established tool for studying energy metabolism in vivo. However, many consideration need to be taken into account. Here, we present how to correct localized in vivo 31P-MRS data in order to report molar concentrations of ATP and inorganic phosphate and how to set up the experiments for obtaining the required correction factors. Correction factors include T1 correction, coil loading, excitation pulse profile as well as B1 inhomogeneity of the surface coil in all three spatial directions.
Clinical Impact of Single Breath Hold Contrast Enhanced 4D-MRA with High Temporal and Spatial Resolution without k-space Data Sharing Techniques
Authors: Saho Tatsunori , Matsuzaki Johshin , Hayashida Chihiro , Kubota Takahiro
Published: August 2024

For evaluation of arteriovenous malformations, contrast-enhanced 4D-MRA is useful to detect feeding arteries and draining veins. However, with the Keyhole technique, contamination of different phases is a major problem. We solved this problem by applying parallel imaging with compressed sensing to contrast-enhanced 4D-MRA(CS-4D-MRA). CS-4D-MRA was able to acquire images without contamination of the arterial phase with echo signals from the venous phase. It also had high temporal and spatial resolution, and was able to clearly visualize the feeder and the drainer.
Improving Visualization of Cervix in MRI with Sterile Surgical Lubricant
Authors: Jordan Stephan , Rakow-Penner Rebecca , Schlein Alex , Lundstrom Elin , Batasin Summer , Loubrie Stephane
Published: August 2024

MRI is recommended by FIGO for staging of cervical cancer, and thus appropriate visualization of the vaginal vault and cervix is important for accurate staging. MRI has superior soft tissue contrast compared to other imaging modalities. However, when the vaginal vault is decompressed or the prescription angle is off axis, the utility of MRI becomes limited in evaluating cervical cancer. In this abstract, we explore the use of sterile water-based surgical lubricant as a tool to improve visualization of the cervix and associated structures during MRI.
Acoustic Noise Reduction in MRI and Utilizing Machine Learning
Authors: RT.(R)(MR)(MRSO) Ian Langenfeld , RT.(R)(MR)(MRSO) Jenna Kleinow , M.D. Brian Burkett , M.P.H.  , D.O. Paul Farnsworth , Suman Garima , M.D.  , Messina Steven , M.D.  , Ph.D. Joel Felmlee
Published: August 2024

This study assesses the use of acoustic noise reduction (ANR) techniques as well as utilizing machine learning in conjunction with ANR, in order to preserve image quality and limit acquisition time. The standard sequences in a brain without contrast exam were tested to determine decibel (dBA) level, image quality, as well as the scanned volunteers' semiquantitative "loudness" scores.
Comparing Dual Shimming with Average Single Shimming on Fat Suppression Techniques
Authors: Ravanfar Vahid , Daniel Heather , Bahrros Emma , Bhattacharjee Rupsa , Aslam Maya , Koon Patrick D. , Khalighi Mehdi , Bucknor Dr.             Matthew
Published: August 2024

When acquiring fat suppression sequences, active shimming can be used to reduce magnetic field inhomogeneities which are inversely related to image quality and cause image artifact. Active shimming improves image quality by optimizing the homogeneity on an individual patient basis to optimize the final shimming and directly, the resulting image quality.
DWI of liver using combination of sub-sampling and dual shots without dedicated multi-channel abdomen coil- A CT like patient positioning
Authors: Rajamani Sajith , Reddy Ashok Kumar , Jain Nitin , Das Rajdeep , Sundaresan Rajagopalan , Heinlein Jeremy , Agarwal Harsh , Guidon Arnaud , Ramanna Sudhir , Venkatesan Ramesh
Published: August 2024

DWI is an important sequence for the diagnosis of liver lesions and to monitor the treatment response in patients undergoing therapies for hepatic malignancies [1]. But it is difficult to place the anterior abdomen coil for obese patients in non-wide bore MRI systems because of a potential chance of pinching the coil between patient and the bore. This is a limiting factor for the adoption of liver DWI MRI in clinical practice [2]. As a solution, we are proposing Dual Shots DWI with under-sampling across shots using volume coil located inside the magnet.
An Analysis of pH and Sugar Content of Commonly Prescribed Pediatric Liquid Medications: The Current Indian Scenario
Authors: Agrawal Reema , Trivedi Srushti , Barodia Zarana
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES

Oral liquid medications are frequently prescribed to children because they are easier to swallow than other dosage forms. These pediatric liquid medications (PLMs) have sugars added to them for better compliance or as preservatives. Children with chronic illnesses may frequently consume these medications. The presence of sugars and their frequent exposure presents a high risk of dental caries in these children. Additionally, the critical pH can be reached if acids below a pH of 5.5 contact the tooth, causing enamel demineralization. Hence, there was a need to study the sugar content and pH of these medications.

METHODS

Pediatricians and pharmacists in Vadodara city, Gujarat, India, were given a short questionnaire to assess the most prescribed and sold PLMs for analgesics, antibiotics, antiepileptics, multivitamins, and antitussives in the Indian pharmaceutical market. The sugar content and pH of the 15 most prescribed PLMs were assessed with ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) spectrophotometry and digital pH meter, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS

Only 1 of the 15 most sold/prescribed medicines did not contain sugar. Among the remaining PLMs, the sugar concentration ranged from 6.1% to 78.7%. The pH of the PLM ranged from 3.6 to 7.3.

CONCLUSION

Sugar was present in 93.3% of the 15 analyzed PLMs and the pH was lower than the critical pH in 80% of them. Medications with high sugar content and low pH can cause caries development. Sugar-free PLMs are preferred alternatives.
Efficacy and Safety of Allopurinol on Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sharbaf Fatemeh Ghane , Bakhtiari Elham , Faghihi Toktam , Assadi Farahnak
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE

Hyperuricemia is associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether urate-lowering treatment with allopurinol can delay disease progression remains controversial.

METHODS

Relevant databases were searched. Randomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy and ­safety of allopurinol in patients with CKD were selected. The primary outcomes were changes in serum uric acid concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Random-effects modeling was used to ­calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% CIs.

RESULTS

Four trials enrolling 698 participants were included. All were 2-arm parallel trials with a mean duration follow-up of 22.5 months. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract were the most common cause of CKD in children, whereas diabetes was the leading cause of CKD in adults. Allopurinol significantly increased the eGFR compared with control groups (SMD, 2.04; 95% CI, 0.60–3.49; p = 0.005; I2 = 98.23%). Allopurinol led to a significant decrease in serum uric acid concentration compared with the control group (SMD, −5.16; 95% CI, −8.31 to −2.01; p = 0.001; I2 = 98.80%). No significant difference in adverse effects was identified between treatment and control groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Allopurinol treatment in patients with CKD and hyperuricemia slows the decline in eGFR as compared with placebo, without risk of increased adverse effects.
Identification of a Conversion Factor for Dexmedetomidine to Clonidine Transitions
Authors: Stroeder Jasmine , Dersch-Mills Deonne
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE

To determine a conversion factor for use when switching from dexmedetomidine infusion to enteral clonidine in critically ill neonates.

METHODS

This was an observational, retrospective review of conversions from dexmedetomidine to ­clonidine, performed in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between January 2020 and December 2021. Both initial conversion factors and those resulting after a 48-hour titration period were examined. Sedation and withdrawal scores were measured, and doses were titrated based on a standardized practice within the unit.

RESULTS

A total of 43 dexmedetomidine to clonidine conversions were included. The median (IQR) dexmedetomidine dose prior to conversion was 17.4 (11.3–24.0) mcg/kg/day (0.7 mcg/kg/hr) and the median (IQR) enteral clonidine dose post titration was 7.8 (4.7–9.3) mcg/kg/day (2 mcg/kg every 6 hours). This equated to a post-titration conversion factor of approximately 0.42. All neonates had also received opioid infusions while on dexmedetomidine and 60% were on concurrent opioids at the time of the clonidine conversion.

CONCLUSIONS

Neonatal clinicians may find the conversion factor identified in this study a useful starting point when converting from dexmedetomidine infusion to enteral clonidine in practice and should be ­reminded of the most important steps in conversions (monitoring and follow-up) owing to the variability in this patient group. More studies are needed to elucidate the impact of patient-specific factors on this ­conversion process.
A Retrospective Analysis of Micafungin Prophylaxis in Children Under 12 Years Undergoing Chemotherapy or Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Goscicki Breana K. , Yan Shirley Q. , Mathew Sherry , Mauguen Audrey , Cohen Nina
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES

Literature is limited regarding ideal micafungin dosing in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Micafungin is an intravenous echinocandin with activity against Candida and Aspergillus species and has a favorable safety profile compared with other antifungal classes. Our objective was to evaluate the breakthrough invasive fungal infection (IFI) rate in pediatric patients who received a prophylactic micafungin course at our institution.

METHODS

A single-center, retrospective study was conducted between January 1, 2011, and July 31, 2017, to determine the IFI rate in patients receiving micafungin prophylaxis. Patients with suspected IFI were evaluated for probable or proven infection based on European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group Consensus Group invasive fungal disease definitions. Statistical analyses were descriptive.

RESULTS

A total of 170 prophylactic micafungin courses from 129 unique patients ages <12 years at a median dose of 3 mg/kg daily were identified. The rate of probable or proven breakthrough IFIs was 2.4% as determined by clinical, radiologic, microbiologic, and histopathologic criteria.

CONCLUSIONS

A low rate of breakthrough IFI was seen with micafungin prophylaxis that is consistent with prior published adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation studies. Micafungin was well tolerated, with liver function test elevations being transient in most cases and thought to be related to alternative factors.
Controlled Substance Liquid Waste Management Systems As Potential Reservoirs for Nosocomial Infection in a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Morales Margaret , Asaban Brittany , Parsons Sarah , Chicella Michael
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to determine if controlled substance waste management systems (CSWMS) demonstrate microbial growth, and therefore present a potential infection risk to pediatric hospital patients.

METHODS

Twenty CSWMS, either Smart Sink or Pharma Lock systems, located in patient care areas were sampled. Twelve were located in critical care areas. Cultures were obtained by swabbing the drain grate with a sterile swab. Swabs were then transported to the microbiology lab for culture. Each sample was labeled with the location of the CSWMS and each system was photographed.

RESULTS

Of the CSWMS sampled, 50% demonstrated bacterial or fungal growth with a total of 15 microorganisms isolated, including 3 systems with Micrococcus luteus, 2 with Aspergillus species, and 2 with ­Bacillus cereus. Nine of the 15 microorganisms isolated were from systems in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) followed by 2 microorganisms in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Of the 12 systems sampled in critical care areas, 8 (66%) had positive cultures. Of the 10 systems which demonstrated growth, 9 were Pharma Lock and 1 was Smart Sink.

CONCLUSION

Controlled substance waste management systems harbor potential pathogens and may serve as reservoirs of infectious agents in pediatric hospitals. Microbial growth was identified in more than half of sampled CSWMS located in critical care areas, where the most vulnerable patients are located. Based on this study, a cleaning procedure for CSWMS should be implemented. Further investigation on the relationship between CSWMS and nosocomial infections is warranted.
Evaluation of Serum Acetaminophen Concentration Utility for Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Giulietti Jennifer M. , Sharpe Alexandra D.
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE

Acetaminophen for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure has gained popularity over the last decade; however, therapeutic drug monitoring for this indication remains uncertain. The exact timing and goal trough serum acetaminophen concentration ranges are not well defined. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring on both PDA closure rates and identify real-world risk of hepatotoxicity.

METHODS

Retrospective single-center chart review of neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between April 2016 and August 2022 with at least 1 serum acetaminophen concentration to monitor for PDA closure. Acetaminophen was initiated at 15 mg/kg administered intravenously every 6 hours and a trough serum concentration was obtained prior to the sixth or seventh dose. PDA closure was confirmed radiographically with corresponding provider documentation. Associations of efficacy to closure were ­analyzed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

Thirty-eight neonates were included in the analysis, of which 18 (47%) achieved PDA closure. First serum acetaminophen trough concentration was obtained before the seventh dose [IQR, 6–8] and ranged from undetectable (< 5 mg/L) to 30.8 mg/L. Subgroup analysis of first concentrations revealed therapeutic trough, defined as 10 to 20 mg/L, did not correlate to PDA closure (no closure median concentration = 14.7 [IQR, 13–15.6] vs closure median concentration = 15.4 [IQR, 11.4–18.5], p = 0.42), or duration of treatment. No neonate experienced acetaminophen-associated toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS

PDA closure did not correlate to serum acetaminophen trough concentration. The regimen of 15 mg/kg every 6 hours appears safe as no neonate experienced acetaminophen toxicity or discontinued treatment early.
Model Desain Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Di Kota Kupang
Authors: Nursalam  , Aslam Muhammad , Salam Chaerani , Saleh Bun'yana
Published: August 2024

Sampah sebagai masalah publik membutuhkan partisipasi warga negara dalam pengelolaannya karena keterlibatan mereka sangat penting untuk mewujudkan lingkungan yang bersih dan sehat. Efektivitas partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah ditentukan juga oleh adanya desain yang tepat agar proses partisipasi berlangsung dengan baik. Pengabdian pada masyarakat (PPM) oleh Tim PPM mandiri Fisip Undana bertujuan untuk memberikan advokasi tentang desain yang tepat bagi partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah. Desain ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah perkotaan. Struktur desain partisipasi pengelolaan sampah yang dikembangkan melalui PPM ini terdiri unsur-unsur; tujuan, konteks dan masalah, keterlibatan pemangku kepentingan, sumber daya, aturan dan struktur, serta unsur evaluasi. Berdasarkan pelaksanaan PPM Mandiri ini ketahui bahwa desain partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah sangat dirasakan efektif dan menjadi pedoman dalam peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat  menjalankan proses reuse, reduce, recyle sampah rumah tangga. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan PPM, diketahui bahwa desain ini sangat relevan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat. Aspek penting dari model desain partisipasi adalah perlunya diperhatikan tentang pemahaman tujuan dan peraturan terkait dengan pengelolaan sampah. Aturan yang dimaksud adalah aturan proses pengelolaan dan pengambilan Keputusan yang melibatkan masyarakat. PPM Mandiri ini merekomendasikan perlunya aspek  kepemimpinan, pengelolaan kekuasaan, dan penggunaan ukuran evaluasi yang tepat dalam sistem pengelolaan sampah agar partisipasi masyarakat dapat lebih efektif.
Pendampingan Gizi Balita Dalam Rangka Pencegahan Stunting Di Posyandu Pucuk Rebung Kuntum Bersusun
Authors: Diansyah Ari , Hasbi Nurshal , Zuhir Elvina , Febriani Ade , Ayuningtiyas Ratih
Published: August 2024

Stunting, suatu kondisi yang diakibatkan oleh kekurangan gizi dan kesehatan yang buruk, telah menjadi masalah yang mengkhawatirkan di Indonesia. Diperkirakan bahwa sekitar 8,8 juta anak di bawah usia lima tahun di Indonesia menderita stunting karena kekurangan gizi dan kondisi kesehatan yang buruk. Kondisi ini tidak hanya memengaruhi perkembangan fisik dan mental anak, tetapi juga memiliki konsekuensi jangka panjang yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan di kemudian hari. Pemerintah telah menerapkan beberapa inisiatif, seperti menyediakan suplemen gizi dan meningkatkan praktik sanitasi, untuk mengatasi masalah stunting di Indonesia. Namun, diperlukan pendekatan komprehensif yang melibatkan berbagai pemangku kepentingan untuk mencapai target tersebut. Pendekatan ini mungkin termasuk mendidik orang tua dan pengasuh tentang nutrisi yang tepat, menyediakan akses ke air minum bersih dan fasilitas sanitasi, meningkatkan layanan kesehatan di daerah terpencil, dan mempromosikan sistem pangan yang berkelanjutan. Sangat penting untuk mengatasi masalah stunting di Indonesia secara komprehensif dan berkelanjutan, melibatkan berbagai pemangku kepentingan, termasuk pemerintah, organisasi kesehatan, dan anggota masyarakat, untuk memberi anak-anak kesempatan yang adil dalam mencapai potensi penuh mereka. Dalam hal ini tim pengabdian memberikan edukasi kesehatan mengenai gizi untuk balita dalam rangka pencegahan stunting.   Lokasi pengadaan kegiatan ini akan dilakukan di salah satu posyandu balita yang berada di Kota Pekanbaru yaitu Posyandu Pucuk Rebung Kuntum Bersusun. Tujuannya setelah dilakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu mengenai gizi yang tepat untuk balita sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya stunting.
CERTAIN AREAS AND POSITIVE PRACTICES OF THE GREEN ECONOMY
Authors: Ibrahimović Emir
Published: August 2024

One of the goals of writing this paper is to encourage younger generations, especially pupils and students, to get more involved in solving environmental protection issues. In this paper, we will try to examine the significance of the new economic model, the green economy, and its contribution to solving climate change problems that have far-reaching consequences for the lives of people, plant, and animal species on planet Earth. The importance of environmental protection for the survival of the planet in its current state is highlighted by the fact that many governments, corporations, governmental and non-governmental organizations have supported the implementation of projects in this area. We will present several areas where the green economy currently a dominant role and where respectable results has have been achieved, which have had a significant impact on the development of the green economy. 
THE IMPACT OF TRAFFIC NOISE ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF HEALTHY LIVING IN URBAN AREAS
Authors: Salkić Smailkadić Maja
Published: August 2024

Traffic noise has a great impact on the quality of public health. The paper shows the main characteristics and importance of green dams in urban areas, the role of green dams; area, layout, ground cover, planting density, vegetation and the like. Green dams were demonstrated and presented as the best solution for noise regulation arising from traffic in urban areas.

For the purpose of researching this issue, a survey was conducted with the aim of gaining insight into the attitudes of the population in terms of traffic noise in urban areas.

Green dams play a major role in urban areas, firstly they affect the reduction of environmental pollution, and then they play a major role in the reduction of noise in urban areas from city traffic.
Sisi Kelam Pemilu 2024
Authors: Apriansyah M Ripai , Silfiah Silfiah , Hafidoh Hafidoh
Published: August 2024

Sebanyak 10 anggota Kelompok Penyelenggara Pemungutan Suara (KPPS) dilaporkan meninggal dunia di wilayah Banten. Mereka diduga kelelahan selama mensukseskan gelaran Pemilu 2024. "Kemarin bertambah dua dari Kabupaten Tangerang. Hari ini nambah lagi tiga orang, dari Cilegon dan Kabupaten Serang dan Tangerang Selatan," ujar M. Ali Zaenal Abidin, Ketua KPU Banten, Selasa, (20/2/2024). Dari 10 anggota KPPS yang meninggal dunia, sambung Ali, Kabupaten Tangerang yang paling banyak. Jumlahnya mencapai lima orang, sedangkan Kota Serang, Kabupaten Pandeglang dan Lebak belum menerima laporan yang meninggal dunia. "Penyelenggara Pemilu berharap tidak ada lagi anggotanya yang meninggal untuk suksesi pesta demokrasi lima tahunan di Indonesia. Rata- rata penyebab kematian anggota KPPS di Banten disebabkan karena kelelahan, sesak nafas hingga serangan jantung," ucapnya.
Jual Beli Buket Uang Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Ansori Muhammad Annas , Fuad Nurul , Nasrullah Aan
Published: August 2024

This research aims to analyze the practice of buying and selling money bouquets at Alfia Bouquet, Kediri Regency and reviewing its conformity with Islamic law. Money bouquets, the creation of strings of money in the form of a bouquet, are increasingly in demand among young people. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review design. The research results show that buying and selling cash bouquets at Alfia Bouquet Kediri can be done via social media or directly at the point of sale. This transaction uses an ijarah contract, where the buyer selects the desired item and the seller clarifies the product details and payment procedures. Payment can be made in advance with a down payment, directly when the goods are delivered, or via transfer. Even though it involves three transaction models: the buyer gives money for the bouquet, the seller includes money in the bouquet with a fee based on the number of pieces, and a blended fee, this practice is considered in accordance with sharia principles. Although there are concerns regarding usury and waste, as well as regulations, these transactions are generally considered halal because what is traded is the bouquet as a commodity, not the currency itself.