bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las estrategias de afrontamiento: una alternativa frente a situaciones desgastantes
Authors: Marsollier Roxana Graciela , Aparicio Miriam Teresita
Published: October 2024

The objective of this paper is to study Coping Strategies as explanatory variables of Job Burnout, in employees (University graduates vs. non-university graduates) working at government offices in Mendoza Argentina. In order to develop a more comprehensive approach to this issue, the methodology used includes quantitative techniques and qualitative techniques. The research entailed a comparative study. The results obtained from the quantitative data, show significant differences between “university” graduates – who use strategies that seem to be closer to action and problem solving; and “non-university” graduates – who use strategies linked to emotion. From an applied point of view, it is expected that the results may generate Ongoing Training Programs focusing on burnout and stress related to the development of positive Coping Strategies.
Procesos en neurociencia social cognitiva y afectiva para la comprensión e interacción social: un marco integrador
Authors: Piemontesi Sebastián Eduardo
Published: October 2024

This review aims to provide an integrating framework of the basic processes studied by the Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience that are involved in the ability of people to understand and interact with others. For this, are reviewed the main findings about cognitive, social and emotional processes, by indicating the brain areas where they are located, and are analyzed according if are automatic or controlled processes, if they focus on internal or external characteristics of individuals, and if they are simple or complex processes. This article proposes a functional-anatomic distribution where automatic and controlled processes are located on ventral and dorsal areas respectively, externally and internally focused processes in lateral and medial areas, respectively, and simple and complex processes in the caudal and rostral areas respectively. Finally, limitations and future directions of research are discussed.
Efecto del diacepam sobre la extinción consumatoria
Authors: Justel Nadia , Mustaca Alba , Bentosela Mariana , Ruetti Eliana
Published: October 2024

Frustration can be defined as the emotional reaction that is caused by an unexpected decrease or omission of a reward. One of the experimental procedures used to induce frustration is the consummatory Extinction; in which rats receive a 32% sucrose solution and then suddenly do not receive any reward. The results obtained in this study indicate that administration of diazepam accelerate the suppression of the conditioned response to the empty sipper tube. The obtained data are consistent with the effect of other anxiolytic-like treatments on consummatory extinction and operant procedures using the lever press response. However, they are opposite to those observed in other consummatory procedures that used water for thirsty animals and other instrumental tasks in which diazepam delay the extinction of the response. The data are discussed in relation to the controversial role of anxiolytics in the extinction of a previously acquired response.
Expandiendo el espacio de búsqueda para una ciencia de la conciencia perceptual
Authors: Venturelli Alfonso Nicolás
Published: October 2024

I work out a way of interpreting the contribution of the conglomeration of research programs, methodological stands and philosophical speculations known as the embodied approach to cognition. To do this, I focus on one such proposal: the so-called enactive approach to perception, especially as advanced by philosopher Alva Noë and with a particular interest in the problem of perceptual awareness and the related dispute on the neural correlates of consciousness. I argue that the enactive approach should be best understood as providing a conceptual-cum-methodological framework to set better investigations for the study of perception and perceptual awareness.
Predictores de la autoestima global en niños de escuela primaria de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Diferencias en función del sexo y la edad
Authors: Molina María Fernanda , Raimundi María Julia
Published: October 2024

La percepción del valor del sí mismo en la infancia tiene una importancia incuestionable. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la influencia de las autopercepciones en dominios específicos sobre la autoestima global de niños escolarizados de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires/AR (CABA). Se aplicó el Perfil de Autopercepciones para Niños (SPPC) a 219 niños de ambos sexos (edad media = 10.34; SD = 1.7) de una escuela privada de la CABA. Se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal múltiple considerando las diferencias en función del grado escolar y sexo. El principal predictor de la autoestima para los niños es la autopercepción de apariencia física y para las niñas la autopercepción de aceptación social. El principal predictor de la autoestima para los niños de tercer a quinto grado es la autopercepción de apariencia física y para los niños de sexto y séptimo grado la autopercepción de aceptación social y comportamiento.
La Formación en Psicología Positiva en la Universidad de Palermo
Authors: Mariñelarena-Dondena Luciana
Published: October 2024

El trabajo analiza la formación en Psicología Positiva en la Universidad de Palermo. Con tal fin se realiza un estudio bibliométrico de los programas de seis cursos pertenecientes a la Licenciatura en Psicología, la Maestría en Psicología y Salud y el  Doctorado en Psicología. La presente investigación constituye un estudio ex - post facto retrospectivo, de acuerdo con la clasificación de Montero y León (2002, 2005). Se realiza un estudio bibliométrico de los programas haciendo hincapié en el análisis de dos variables: las temáticas incluidas dentro de los contenidos y las referencias citadas en la bibliografía, dentro de las mismas se consideran: los autores referenciados, el idioma y la antigüedad de las referencias. Los resultados permiten apreciar que la Universidad de Palermo se ha convertido en una institución aventajada en la enseñanza de contenidos relacionados con la Psicología Positiva en la Argentina.Palabras claves: Psicología Positiva; Formación Universitaria; Bibliometría; Historia de la Psicología; Argentina. Incidence of Positive Psychology in psychology education at University of Palermo (Argentina): This paper analyzes the incidence of Positive Psychology in psychology education at University of Palermo (Argentina). The research is done through a bibliometric study of six syllabus corresponding to courses that belong to the undergraduate program in Psychology, the  Master in Psychology and Health, and the  Ph.D. in Psychology. This study can be considered an  ex post facto research, according to Montero and León classification (2002, 2005). A bibliometric study  of  the six courses' syllabus is carried out, with an emphasis on analyzing two variables: the main subjects of the contents, and the references. Meanwhile, the bibliographical references were studied according to three variables: the indexed authors, the reference's language and the reference's antiquity. The results allow us to appreciate that the University of Palermo has become an institution of privilege in the education of Positive Psychology in Argentina.Key Words: Positive Psychology; Psychology Education; Bibliometrics; History of Psychology; Argentina.
La memoria del sabor
Authors: Justel Nadia , Ruetti Eliana
Published: October 2024

La detección de la novedad gustativa requiere la comparación entre la información "on line" sensorial y la información "off line", es decir la memoria; a partir de allí, se dispara una cascada de eventos cuando se identifica un desajuste entre ambas situaciones. Este proceso requiere de vías neuromoduladoras, que implican varios sistemas en diversas áreas cerebrales actuando en paralelo, y modulando la expresión de genes, y por último alterando los circuitos corticales que codifican la nueva información. La adquisición de este tipo de información se puede estudiar a través de distintos paradigmas experimentales, en los cuales se evalúan las asociaciones entre el estímulo gustativo (y/o señales que lo anticipan) y las consecuencias gastrointestinales que provocan en los animales. En este trabajo se revisarán las principales evidencias en roedores acerca de los sistemas de neurotransmisión mayormente involucrados en la memoria del sabor, tanto para el procesamiento apetitivo como para el aversivo.Palabras claves: Sabor; Novedad; Neurotransmisores; Memoria.Taste's memory: Gustatory novelty detection requires the comparison between on line sensorial information and off line information, i.e. memory; from there a cascade of events is trigger when a maladjustment between these situations is detected. This process require neuromodulator´s pathways, which involved several systems in different cerebral areas acting in parallel, modulating the gene expression, and at last altering the cortical pathways which encode the new information. The acquisition of this information can be study through different experimental procedures, in which the associations between the gustatory stimuli and the gastrointestinal consequences are evaluated. The main evidences in rodents of the neurotransmission systems mostly involved in the flavor memory, for the appetitive and aversive memories are revised in this work.Key Words: Flavor; Novelty; Neurotransmitters; Memory
Tras los rastros del lenguaje: revisión teórica del modelo RR de Karmiloff-Smith
Authors: Defagó Cecilia
Published: October 2024

En este artículo pretendemos reflexionar sobre un modelo de desarrollo cognitivo, llamado "Redescripción Representacional" formulado por Karmiloff-Smith. Esta propuesta abre el abanico de procesos y representaciones mentales más allá de las dicotomías tradicionales: consciente/inconsciente, innato/adquirido, lingüístico/no lingüístico. Se plantea como superadora de dos modelos de funcionamiento mental, el constructivismo de Piaget y el innatismo de Fodor, tomando elementos de cada una de ellas pero desarrollando una propuesta original, aportando explicaciones a fenómenos no abarcados por dichas teorías. Consideramos que el análisis de su propuesta nos aportará elementos de reflexión sobre los aspectos cognitivos implicados en el desarrollo del lenguaje, su especificidad y su relación con otros procesos cognitivos, tanto por los fenómenos cognitivo/lingüísticos que explica como por lo que quedan fuera de su explicación, dentro de estos últimos se ubican aspectos abarcado por propuestas como el Programa Minimalista de N. Chomsky.Palabras Claves: Lenguaje; Cambio Cognitivo; Representación; Meta-representación.Behind the tracks of the language: theoretical review of the model RR of Karmiloff-Smith: In this article we reflect upon a model of cognitive development, so called "Representational Redescription" formulated by Karmiloff-Smith (1994). Her offer contributes new ways of understanding processes and mental representations beyond old dichotomies: conscious / unconscious, innate / acquired, linguistic / non linguistic processes. Her propose appears as going over two model of mental functioning, the constructivism of Piaget and Fodor's innatism, taking elements of each one of them but developing an original offer, contributing explanations to phenomena not included by the above mentioned theories. We assume this analysis will offer a reflection on the cognitive aspects involved in the development of the language, its specificity and its relation with other cognitive processes, so much for the cognitive / linguistic phenomena that explains like for what is not explained for it. About the last point, we consider appropriate the proposal offers by the Minimalist Program of N. Chomsky.Key Words: Language; Cognitive Change; Sentence; Text
Predictores Socioambientales e Individuales del Desempeño en una Tarea Atencional con Demandas de Alerta, Orientación y Control.
Authors: Prats Lucía María , Fracchia Carolina Soledad , Segretin Soledad María , Hermida María Julia , Colombo Jorge Augusto , Lipina Sebastián Javier
Published: October 2024

El presente estudio explora el valor predictivo del nivel socioeconómico, la salud mental materna y el temperamento infantil sobre el desempeño en la prueba  de  redes  atencionales  (ANT),  que  evalúa  procesos  atencionales  de alerta, orientación y control, administrada a 203 niños de 4 y 5 años (M = 4.78;  DE  =  .59),  provenientes  de  hogares  con  y  sin  necesidades  básicas insatisfechas (NBI y NBS, respectivamente). Los resultados de los análisis de  regresión  lineal  indicaron  que  las  variables  género,  edad,  esfuerzo voluntario  de  control  y  en  forma  marginal  nivel  de  ocupación  parental, fueron predictores del aumento de los tiempos de reacción en las tareas con demandas de control. No se identificaron predictores en el caso de las redes atencionales  de  alerta  y  orientación.  Al  reemplazar  en  el  modelo  las variables sociodemográficas de educación y ocupación parental, vivienda y hacinamiento por el predictor grupo económico (NBI/NBS), no se verificó ningún  tipo  de  predicción.  Estos  resultados  sugieren  una  modulación diferencial  de  factores  individuales  y  ambientales  sobre  distintos  sistemas de procesamiento atencional.Palabras claves:  Desarrollo  Cognitivo;  Redes  Atencionales;  Esfuerzo  Voluntario  De Control; Salud Mental Materna; Predictores Sociodemográficos.   Sociodemographic  and  Individual  Predictors  of  Performance  in  an Attentional  Task  with  Alert,  Orienting  and  Control  Demands  in Preschoolers:  This  study  explores  the  predictive  value  of  socioeconomic status,  maternal  mental  health  and  child  temperament  on  the  performance in the attentional network test (ANT), which assesses attentional processes of alert, orienting and control, administered to 203 4-to-5 years-old children (M  =  4.78;  SD  =  .59)  from  Unsatisfied  and  Satisfied  Basic  Needs  homes (UBN  and  SBN,  respectively).  Results  from  the  linear  regression  analysis indicated  that  gender,  age,  effortful  control,  and  marginally  parental occupation,  predicted  increments  in  reaction  times  of  trials  corresponding only  to  the  control  network.  Predictors  were  not  verified  when sociodemographic  variables  (parental  education  and  occupation,  dwelling and  overcrowding)  were  replaced  in  the  model  by  the  predictor socioeconomic  group  (UBN,  SBN).  These  results  suggest  a  differential modulation of individual and environmental factors on different attentional processing networks.Cognitive Development; Attentional Networks; Effortful Control; Maternal Mental Health; Sociodemographic Predictors.
Factores Socioculturales en la Valoración Neuropsicológica
Authors: Ostrosky Feggy , Lozano Gutiérrez Asucena
Published: October 2024

Actualmente los profesionales de la salud se enfrentan a un gran número de pacientes  provenientes  de  grupos  étnicos  y  culturales  diferentes  al  propio. Es por esto que dentro del campo de la Neuropsicología hay una necesidad de  realizar  evaluaciones  y  diagnósticos  confiables  y  culturalmente adecuados.  El  contar  con  conocimientos  acerca  de  cómo  influyen  los factores  de  edad,  escolaridad  y  cultura  hacen  posible  que  la  evaluación neuropsicológica  sea  confiable  y  objetiva  y  así  se  pueda  obtener  un diagnóstico adecuado. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar los efectos de los  factores  principales  que  influyen  en  la  evaluación  neuropsicológica  y presentar  las  características  de  tres  instrumentos  de  evaluación  para población  hispanohablante  que  han  sido  desarrollados  tomando  en  cuenta estos aspectos.  Palabras claves:  Evaluación Neuropsicológica; Cultura; Edad; Escolaridad.   Sociocultural  factors  in  neuropsychological  assessment:  Healthcare professionals  are  now  faced  with  a  growing  number  of  patients  from different ethnic groups, and from different socio-economic backgrounds. In neuropsychology  there  is  an  increasing  need  of  reliable  and culturally  fair assessment  measures.  Knowledge  about  variables  that  affect neuropsychological  functioning  such  as  age,  education  and  culture  allows both an objective assessment and an accurate diagnosis. The purpose of this review  is  to  analyze  the  main  variables  that  affect  neuropsychological assessment  and  to  describe  a  series  of  neuropsychological  tests  that  may minimize  current  weaknesses  in  the  cognitive  assessment  of  Spanish speakers. Key Words: Neuropsychological Assessment; Age; Education; Culture.
Incidencia del Estilo Decisorio Predominante y el Grado de Incertidumbre Cultural en la Efectividad de las Decisiones Tomadas por Militares Voluntarios en Misiones de Paz.
Authors: Azzollini Susana Celeste , Depaula Pablo Domingo , Piñeyro Diego Raúl , Torres José Alejandro
Published: October 2024

Militares argentinos que operan de manera voluntaria en misiones de paz deben tomar decisiones en contextos caracterizados por la diversidad cultural y la incertidumbre (Azzollini, Torres, Depaula, Clotet & Nistal, 2010), requiriéndose para el logro de acciones eficaces la aplicación de estrategias de procesamiento intuitivas y/o analíticas según las circunstancias. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las relaciones entre el estilo decisorio predominante y su efectividad bajo diferentes niveles de incertidumbre cultural, evaluando 116 voluntarios en diferentes situaciones en las que se manipularon experimentalmente tales variables. Los resultados indican que los sujetos con un estilo predominantemente analítico tomaron decisiones más eficaces (f = 17.069; gl = 1; p = .000), aunque tal estrategia resultó más efectiva en situaciones de baja incertidumbre; en tanto que los sujetos con un estilo predominantemente intuitivo, aunque con un nivel de efectividad general menor, resultaron más eficaces en cuando la toma de decisiones correspondía a un contexto de alta incertidumbre (f = 5.450; gl = 1; p = .02). Palabras claves: Toma de Decisiones; Incertidumbre Cultural; Estilo Intuitivo; Estilo Analítico.   Incidence Of Predominant Desicion Style And Degree Of Cultural Uncertainty On Effectiveness Of Desicions Taken By Voluntary Military Personnel In Peace Missions: Argentine militaries who voluntarily take part in Peace Keeping Operations, have to take decisions in environments which are influenced by multicultural contexts and uncertainty (Azzollini, Torres, Depaula, Clotet & Nistal, 2010). The effectiveness of their actions requires the use of intuitive and/or analytical processing strategies according to the circumstances. The aim of this work is to analyze the relationships between the predominant decisive style and its effectiveness under different levels of cultural uncertainty. A sample of 116 voluntary servicemen was evaluated in different situations in which such variables were experimentally manipulated. Results show that the subjects with a predominantly analytical style has taken decisions much more effective (f = 17.069; gl = 1; p = .000) being more effective their strategies in situations of low uncertainty. Meanwhile those subjects, with a predominantly intuitive style but with a minor level of general effectiveness, are more effective in the decision making contexts of high uncertainty (f = 5.450; gl = 1; p = .02). Key Words: Decision Making; Cultural Uncertainty; Intuitive Style; Analytical Style.
Concepciones sobre Heterosexualidad y Actitudes hacia la Disidencia Sexual en Estudiantes de Psicología de Córdoba
Authors: Rabbia Hugo Hernan , Imhoff Débora
Published: October 2024

El estudio aborda las concepciones sobre heterosexualidad en estudiantes de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba y sus posibles articulaciones con actitudes hacia la homosexualidad, a partir de un diseño de tipo exploratorio, y una triangulación de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. El muestreo no probabilístico de tipo accidental estuvo formado por 89 estudiantes (64 del tramo inicial de carrera y 25 del tramo final). Los participantes respondieron un auto-reporte escrito al disparador: "La heterosexualidad, ¿es natural? ¿Por qué?". Se identificaron siete tipos de concepciones sobre heterosexualidad, cuatro que recurren a diversos elementos del esencialismo sexual y tres que presentan argumentos construccionistas. Se advierte una asociación mayor entre actitudes negativas hacia la homosexualidad y aquellas concepciones que refieren a la heterosexualidad como natural, especialmente en el tramo inicial de formación. De allí que se reflexiona sobre la formación de los futuros psicólogos en temas de género y sexualidades. Palabras claves: Concepciones; Heterosexualidad; Actitudes Hacia La Homosexualidad; Prejuicio Sexual.   Conceptions of heterosexuality and attitudes toward non-heterosexuals of Psychology students from Córdoba: The study analyzes the conceptions of heterosexuality of Psychology students at Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, and explores its associations with attitudes towards homosexuality. An exploratory research design was conducted, mixing qualitative and quantitative approaches, with a non probabilistic sample, 89 students (64 of the initial section of the career and 25 of the final section). Students answered a written self-report about the question: "Heterosexuality, is it natural? Why?". Seven types of conceptions of heterosexuality were identified, four of them based on essentialists views, and three presented socio-constructionist arguments. Data suggests an association between negative attitudes toward homosexuals and essentialists conceptions of heterosexuality, especially in lower grades students. This study generated questions and reflections about future therapist sexualities and gender-blind training. Key Words: Conceptions; Heterosexuality; Attitudes Toward Homosexuality; Sexual Prejudice.
Dimensiones Psicológicas de la Conservación de la Energía
Authors: Jakovcevic Adriana , Tonello Graciela
Published: October 2024

Uno de los problemas ambientales más serios de la actualidad es el agotamiento de los recursos naturales no renovables. Gran parte de nuestras acciones cotidianas implican el consumo de energía y causan el agravamiento del problema. La psicología ambiental estudia cuáles son las motivaciones psicológicas que modulan los comportamientos ecológicamente sustentables. Desde este marco, el objetivo de esta revisión fue conocer cuáles son las variables psicológicas que mejor describen la conservación de la energía en el hogar. En función de ello, se analizaron modelos psicológicos que buscaron explicar diferentes variables relacionadas con la conservación (i.e., comportamientos de ahorro, consumo residencial de energía y aceptación de políticas tendientes a disminuir el consumo). Los resultados indicaron que la conservación de energía estaría principalmente vinculada a motivaciones altruistas, aunque también intervendrían motivos egoístas y en menor medida ambientales. Las personas actuarían de acuerdo a estas dimensiones siempre y cuando las condiciones contextuales sean percibidas como adecuadas. Palabras claves: Energía; Psicología Ambiental; Conducta Sustentable; Altruismo.   Psychological dimensions of Energy Conservation: One of the most serious current environmental problems is the depletion of non renewable natural resources. The vast majority of our daily actions involve the consumption of energy and they increase the problem. Environmental psychology studies the psychological motivations that determine pro-ecological behaviour. In this context the aim of this review was to determine which psychological models and variables are better descriptors of residential energy conservation, comparing the predictive power of different models related to behaviour, residential consumption as well as to the acceptability of energy policies. Results suggest that energy saving is mainly linked to altruistic motivations, followed by egoistic reasons and in a minor way to environmental concerns. People would act according to these dimensions when contextual conditions are perceived as appropriate. Key Words: Energy; Environmental Psychology; Sustainable Behavior; Altruism.
Aspectos Disposicionales, Personalidad y Afectos, su Relación con Satisfacción Laboral
Authors: Perez Vilar Pablo Sebastain , Azzollini Susana
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos de una revisión bibliográfica de 388 artículos científicos relacionados con la satisfacción laboral, publicados entre los años 2000 y 2010. En el mismo, se presentan las conclusiones de distintas investigaciones que señalan la importancia de los aspectos disposicionales, personales y afectivos en la Satisfacción Laboral.  La mayoría de los autores reconoce la importancia de los aspectos personales en el constructo pero sostienen que no explican en su totalidad las diferencias individuales (Ilies & Judge, 2002). La bibliografía revisada señala cierta correspondencia entre aspectos disposicionales y el mencionado constructo, junto con la relación positiva entre distintos aspectos de la personalidad y los estados afectivos con la satisfacción laboral. Palabras claves: Satisfacción Laboral; Personalidad; Afectos; Organización.   Dispositional Aspects, Personality and Affects, its relationship with Satisfaction at Work: This paper presents the results of the literature review of 388 papers related to job satisfaction, published between 2000 and 2010. In this it shows the conclusions of different research of the importance of the dispositional, personal and emotional aspects in job satisfaction. The majority of authors recognizes the importance of these aspects in the construct, but argues that they did not entirely explain individual differences (Ilies & Judge, 2002). The revised literature notes certain correspondence between dispositional aspects and the aforementioned construct, together with the positive relationship between different aspects of the personality and affective states with job satisfaction. Key Words: Job Satisfaction; Personality; Affects; Organization
Temperamento: Lo más importante no es la estabilidad sino el cambio
Authors: Caycho Rodríguez Tomas
Published: October 2024

El libro El temperamento y su trama, muestra y describe, a través de numerosa evidencia científica, los rasgos del temperamento que subyacen al comportamiento, mostrándonos cómo éste está determinado por la biología y el medio ambiente.
Validez y confiabilidad de una prueba de Memoria de Trabajo para niños: Serie de Dibujos
Authors: Injoque-Ricle Irene , Calero Alejandra , Burin Débora I.
Published: October 2024

La Memoria de Trabajo es un sistema de memoria activo responsable del almacenamiento temporal y procesamiento simultáneo de información. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar datos de las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento global de Memoria de Trabajo: Serie de Dibujos. Se les administró a 210 niños de 6, 8 y 11 años de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Serie de Dibujos, la Batería Automatizada de Memoria de Trabajo y una versión abreviada del Test de Inteligencia para niños de Wechsler. Se estimó la consistencia interna del instrumento a través del coeficiente Alphade Cronbach y se evaluaron evidencias de validez convergente y discriminante a través de un análisis de correlación y de un análisis factorial exploratorio. Los resultados indicaron que Serie de Dibujos es un instrumento válido y confiable para medir de manera global la Memoria de Trabajo en niños de nuestro medio.Palabras Clave: Memoria de Trabajo; Serie de Dibujos; Validación; Niños Validity and Reliability of a Working Memory Task for Children: Picture Span: Working Memory is an active memory system responsible of simultaneous storage and concurrent processing of information. The aim of this work is to present the psychometric properties of a global Working Memory task: Picture Span. Picture Span along with the Automated Working Memory Assessment battery Block Design subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children were administered to 210 children of 6-, 8- and 11-years old from Buenos Aires City, Argentina. Internal consistency using Cronbach's Alpha was estimated and evidence in favor of convergent and discriminate validity was assessed through a correlation analysis and a posterior exploratory factor analysis. Results showed that Picture Span is a valid and reliable instrument to globally assess Working Memory in children within our context. Key Words: Working Memory; Picture Span; Validation; Children
Búsqueda de ayuda académica, autoeficacia social académica y emociones de logro en clase en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Sanchez Rosas Javier
Published: October 2024

Un estudio transversal examinó (a) si existen relaciones entre la búsqueda de ayuda académica (BAA), la autoeficacia social académica (ASA) y la emociones de logro (N=433) y (b) las diferencias de género en las variables contempladas (N=180). Se encontraron correlaciones parciales de ASA con disfrute, esperanza, ansiedad y vergüenza (r=.19, .12, -.13, -.38; p
El Path Analysis: conceptos básicos y ejemplos de aplicación
Authors: Pérez Edgardo , Medrano Leonardo Adrián , Sanchez Rosas Javier
Published: October 2024

En este artículo metodológico se examinan los fundamentos conceptuales y estadísticos del Path Analysis (PA), un método multivariante que permite verificar el ajuste de modelos causales así como identificar la contribución directa e indirecta que realizan un conjunto de variables independientes para explicar la variabilidad de las variables dependientes. También se describen las principales operaciones requeridas para aplicar PA utilizando el software AMOS, uno de los más populares en nuestra región. Adicionalmente, se revisan algunas investigaciones en el área de la psicología educacional que emplearon PA con el objetivo de contrastar modelos teóricos explicativos de la comprensión lectora y la habilidad de escritura, dos destrezas académicas claves. Finalmente, se discuten las principales ventajas y limitaciones del método. Palabras claves: Path Analysis; AMOS; Comprensión Lectora; Habilidad de Escritura. Path Analysis: basic concepts and examples: This methodological paper examines the conceptual and statistical basis of path analysis (PA), a multivariate method that allows the verification of causal models adjustment and the identification of direct and indirect contribution of independent variables that explain the variability of dependent variables. Furthermore, this article describes the main operations required for the development of PA using AMOS, one of the most popular software in our context. Moreover, this study examines some investigations in educational psychology that used PA with the objective to contrast explicative theoretical models about reading comprehension and writing abilities, two key academic skills. Finally, we discuss the most important advantages and limitations of PA.Key Words: Path Analysis; AMOS; Reading Comprehension; Writing Ability.
Male advantage in geometry learning? A preliminary study in rats.
Authors: Rodríguez Clara A. , Chamizo Victoria D.
Published: October 2024

¿Superioridad de los machos en el aprendizaje de la geometría? Un estudio preliminar con ratas: Se entrenó a ratas de forma sucesiva en tres inusuales laberintos acuáticos a encontrar una plataforma oculta que mantenía una relación constante con una esquina distintiva del aparato (i.e., piscina triangular, rectangular y con forma de cometa en los Experimentos 1-3, respectivamente). Tras cada fase de entrenamiento se llevó a cabo un ensayo de prueba, sin plataforma. En la prueba, en el Experimento 1 se registró el tiempo que pasaban las ratas en dos áreas diferentes, una frente a la esquina correcta y otra en la esquina opuesta e incorrecta. Este experimento replicó resultados anteriores: se encontró una clara superioridad de los machos en el aprendizaje de la geometría (Rodríguez y cols, 2010, 2011). En los Experimentos 2 y 3 se utilizaron medidas adicionales y, en ambos experimentos, las distintas medidas de aprendizaje espacial dieron resultados significativamente diferentes. La superioridad de los machos encontrada en el Experimento 1 no parece generalizarse bien a otras geometrías.Palabras Claves: Aprendizaje de la Geometría; Diferencias de Sexo; Laberinto Acuático; Ratas. Rats were successively trained in three unusual watermazes to find a hidden platform that always maintained a constant relationship with a distinctive corner of the apparatus (i.e., a triangular-shaped pool in Experiment 1, a rectangular-shaped pool in Experiment 2, and a kite-shaped pool in Experiment 3). After each training phase a test trial was conducted, without the platform. On test, in Experiment 1 the amount of time the rat spent in two different areas, one in front of the correct corner and one in exactly an opposite and incorrect corner was recorded. The experiment replicated previous results: a clear male advantage on geometry learning (Rodríguez et al., 2010, 2011). Additional measures were also employed in Experiments 2 and 3 and, in both experiments, the different measures of spatial learning gave quite different results. The male advantage found in Experiment 1 did not seem to generalize well to other geometries.Key Words: Geometry Learning; Sex Differences; Watermaze; Rats.
Aprendizaje en la tarea de evitación de un solo sentido: diferencias entre machos y hembras genéticamente seleccionados
Authors: Donaire Rocío , Gómez María José , Fernández-Teruel Albert , Torres Bares Carmen
Published: October 2024

Las ratas romanas de alta (RHA) y baja (RLA) evitación fueron seleccionadas, respectivamente, por su alta o baja capacidad para adquirir la respuesta de evitación en dos sentidos, estando estas diferencias moduladas por el sexo y por experiencias ambientales diversas. En este estudio se expuso a ratas romanas consanguíneas machos y hembras a una tarea de evitación en un solo sentido en la que se manipuló el tiempo de permanencia en el compartimento de seguridad. En la fase de pre-cambio los sujetos permanecieron 30 s vs 1 s en este compartimento; en la fase de post-cambio este tiempo fue devaluado en los grupos 30-1 (contraste sucesivo negativo). En ambas fases aparecieron diferencias de cepa sólo en las hembras, siendo la ejecución de las ratas RLA-I inferior a la de las RHA-I. Estos resultados sugieren que la conducta de evitación depende de la interacción entre genes, sexo y tiempo en seguridad. Palabras claves: Ratas romanas; Ansiedad; Evitación; Sexo. One-way avoidance learning: Differences between genetically selected males and females: The Roman high- (RHA) and low- (RLA) avoidance rats were selected, respectively, for good vs. poor acquisition of two-way active avoidance, these behavioral differences being modulated by sex and environmental influences. In this study, inbred male and female Roman rats were exposed to a one-way avoidance task in which the time spent in the safe compartment was manipulated in two phases. In the pre-shift phase, animals were exposed to 30 s vs. 1 s in safety. In the post-shift phase, the time in safety was devaluated for Groups 30-1 (successive negative contrast). The results showed that, in both phases, strain differences were observed only in female rats, the RLA-I strain being poorer than the RHA-I strain. The present data show an interaction among genes, sex, and time in safety that influences one-way avoidance behavior.Key Words:Roman rats; Anxiety; Avoidance; Sex Differences.
Traducción y validación del cuestionario de cogniciones catastróficas modificado (CCQ-M): un estudio preliminar en sujetos varones argentinos
Authors: Pereyra Girardi Carolina Iris , Ofman Silvia Deborah , Cófreces Pedro , Stefani Dorina
Published: October 2024

For cognitive psychology in emotional disorders there is a systematic bias in information processing, resulting in exaggerated and inconsistent assessments of reality. Catastrophic Thinking is a cognitive bias studied by this discipline, due to the important role it plays in the activation of schemas linked to anxiety (Beck, Emery & Greenberg 1985). Given the lack of instruments to assess this cognitive bias in our local environment, the objective of this work is to make preliminary translation and adaptation studies of the Catastrophic Cognitions Questionnaire-Modified by Khawaja et al. (1994) to evaluate its psychometric properties in a male population between 45 and 75 years old, of our environment. It can be concluded that the CCQ - (Spanish version) is a preliminary contribution for the assessment of catastrophic thinking in adult males in our environment given an adequate psychometric performance. We suggest further studies in other large and heterogeneous samples.
La Psicología Iberoamericana en la Memoria
Authors: Caycho Rodríguez Tomás
Published: October 2024

Who in the world of Latin American psychology has never heard of Rubén Ardila, Reynaldo Alarcón or Horacio Rimoldi? His books and ideas have been well known, disseminated and respected. All sciences have their archetypal figures. Ibero-American psychology also has its great figures and in this gallery, each of the psychologists we find in the book "History of Ibero-American Psychology in Autobiographies", which we are now commenting on, occupy an important place. The book edited by Hugo Klappenbach (Argentine psychologist and one of the most important historians of psychology) and Ramón León (Peruvian psychologist with a long career in historical research), who have been in charge of compiling the autobiographical texts and writing the introductory text, is about a genre little cultivated in the psychological literature of this part of the world: autobiography. The book compiles ten autobiographies of some of the most important Latin American psychologists.
Compendio de Neuroconstructivismo: cómo el cerebro construye la cognición
Authors: Sirois Sylvain , Spratling Michael , Thomas Michael , Westermann Gert , Marechal D. , Jhonson Marc H.
Published: October 2024

The article proposes a unifying framework for the study of cognitive development that brings together (1) constructivism (which views development as the progressive elaboration of increasingly complex structures), (2) cognitive neuroscience (which aims to understand the neural mechanisms underlying behavior), and (3) computational modeling (which proposes formal and explicit specifications of information processing). The guiding principle of our approach is context dependence, within and (in contrast to Marr [1982]) between levels of organization. We propose that three mechanisms guide the emergence of representations: competition, cooperation, and chronotopy; which themselves allow for two central processes: proactivity and progressive specialization. We suggest that the main outcome of development is partial representations, distributed across distinct functional circuits. This framework is derived by examining development at the level of single neurons, brain systems, and whole organisms. We use the terms encellment, embrainment, and embodiment to describe the higher-level contextual influences that act at each of these levels of organization. To illustrate these mechanisms in operation we provide case studies in early visual perception, infant habituation, phonological development, and object representations in infancy. Three further case studies are concerned with interactions between levels of explanation: social development, atypical development and within that, developmental dyslexia. We conclude that cognitive development arises from a dynamic, contextual change in embodied neural structures leading to partial representations across multiple brain regions and timescales, in response to proactively specified physical and social environment.
Consumo de alcohol en atracón en jóvenes: evaluación de un instrumento basado en la Teoría de la Conducta Planificada
Authors: Luque Leticia Elizabeth , Gómez Raúl Angel , Tomás Maite Cortés , Espejo Tort Begoña , Giménez Costa José
Published: October 2024

We present the first stage of the construction of a questionnaire that explores cognitive determinants of binge drinking in young subjetcs (16-25 years old), from Cordoba-Argentina. The test – with hundred ten items – including all cognitive determinants, considered by the Theory of Planning Behavior, proposed by I.Azjen. Exploratory factor analyzes indicate that the intensity scales beliefs have two components; the importance of beliefs items were grouped according to such components. Internal consistency coefficient’s (Cronbach's Alpha) range between .61 and .94. The correlation element-total of all items is greater than .30. We suggest the creation of new items associated with perceived control and studies related to subjective norm and normative beliefs.
Escala de actividades de domino público de indicadores del modelo de RIASEC: Estudios preliminares de adaptación a la población universitaria argentina
Authors: Cupani Ricardo Marcos , Perez Edgardo
Published: October 2024

The present study was aimed at: a) performing back translation of the items and analyzing their psychometric properties, b) verifying the internal structure of the test and examining the reliability of the scales, and c) obtaining evidence of external validity (convergent validity, sex-related differences between groups and a predictive validity). The results supported that both scales A and B possess an adequate structure and that it can be used with precision to assess the six basic types of personality proposed by Holland. Additionally, we verified the same psychometric properties of the eight best markers of activities in order to develop a unified way. Overall, the results are encouraging and can be considered an acceptable option to measure professional interests.
Cuestionario de adaptación a la vida universitaria (CAVU): desarrollo, estructura factorial y validación inicial
Authors: Rodriguez-Ayan Maria Noel , Sotelo María Eugenia
Published: October 2024

Student adjustment to college is a stressful change that may influence students’ achievement. This paper presents a questionnaire developed to measure students’ adaptation to college (CAVU) and its psychometric properties among Uruguayan freshmen. The CAVU is grounded in the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) and surveys students’ adaptation in three dimensions: academic, social and institutional. As hypothesized, the three components  positively correlate with learning goals, while academic and institutional dimensions negatively correlate with emotional exhaustion, but those are weak associations, with |r| < .30; academic and social adaptation predict academic achievement. Opposite to our prediction, social dimension and emotional exhaustion do not correlate and institutional dimension has a negative effect on achievement.
La Psicología en América del Sur
Authors: Caycho Rodríguez Tomás
Published: October 2024

A book is reviewed that seeks to present the most important milestones in the history of psychology in South America.
Reflection and Executive Function: Foundations for Learning and Healthy Development
Authors: Almy Brandon K. , Zelazo Philip David
Published: October 2024

Executive function (EF) refers to the neurocognitive processes involved in the deliberate, goal-directed modulation of thought, action, and emotion. Individual differences in EF measured in childhood predict key developmental outcomes, and interventions designed to foster the healthy development of EF have the potential to help children at risk for a wide range of difficulties.  This article briefly describes a theoretical model of EF and its development, the Iterative Reprocessing model that spans levels of analysis and characterizes self-regulation as the product of a dynamic interaction between top-down (reflective) and bottom-up (reactive) influences.
Inhibition Development: Comparison of Neuropsychological and Eye Tracking Measures
Authors: Mainville Marc , Brisson Julie , Nougarou François , Stipanicic Annie , Sirois Sylvain
Published: October 2024

Inhibition is the ability to stop an automatic response when a stimulus is presented. It is one main component of executive function models. Few studies have evaluated the development of this ability’s in children between five and eight years of age using eye tracking measures. The first objective of this exploratory study is to evaluate the performance difference of younger compared to older children. The second objective is to evaluate if inhibition assessed via three different neuropsychological tests develops at a similar rate as inhibition assessed via two eye tracking tasks. Forty-six children aged 5.7 to 8.4 years completed both types of tests. Results show that one neuropsychological test was sensitive to the children’ increasing inhibition ability, while both eye tracking tests were. Additionally, scores from one eye tracking task correlated with scores from one neuropsychological test. Possible explanations of moderate relations between tasks are discussed.
Evaluación de la eficacia atencional en niños argentinos sin y con extraedad escolar
Authors: Ison Mirta Susana , Korzeniowski Celina , Segretin María Soledad , Lipina Sebastián Javier
Published: October 2024

The aim of the present study was the analyses of attentional trajectories in Argentinean primary school children with and without over-age, and the identification of potential sociocultural modulators of such trajectories, based on the parental educational and occupational levels. The sample comprised 183 children from 8 to 13years-old (n = 121 boys; n = 62 without over-age), who attended 3rd- to 6 th -grade in public schools from the city of Mendoza (Argentina). The FACES Test (Thurstone & Yela, 2012) was administered three times during one year to assess the attentional performance. After the implementation of mixed models analyses results showed that children with and without over-age showed different attentional trajectories, and that father education was a predictor of children attentional trajectory.
El compromiso laboral en el contexto universitario. Una aproximación desde la Psicología de la salud ocupacional positiva
Authors: Marsollier Roxana Graciela
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses the different psychosocial and organizational variables connected with work engagement. The research emphasizes aspects related to Positive Occupational Health Psychology, especially those concerning “Engagement”. The purposive sample includes 69 members of the supporting staff at Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, in Mendoza, Argentina. The methodology used combines some quantitative techniques –aiming to assess the sector’s levels of engagement, and some qualitative readings, which help provide an approximation to the expectations and values underlying employee engagement. Results show high levels of vigor and dedication at work, while absorption levels are lower. The qualitative aspect of the research, in turn, is based on predominantly positive views of self-performance and of the university as a work environment.
Efecto del haloperidol sobre el contraste sucesivo positivo consumatorio en ratas adultas con aislamiento adolescente
Authors: Cuenya Lucas , Serafini Matías , Mustaca Alba , Kamenetzky Giselle
Published: October 2024

Rats exposed to adolescent isolation (AA) show neurological and behavioral disorders into adulthood, many of them related to changes in response to appetitive reinforcers. Previous studies showed an increase of consummatory Successive Positive Contrast(cSPC, i.e., increased consumption of 32% sugar solution, 24 hours after having access to 4% solution) in rats exposed to AA, in comparison to animals without AA. This study aim at evaluating whether this effect is associated with dopaminergic hyperactivity. Haloperidol (0.1 mg / kg, i.p.) was administered before animals with AA were exposed to the presentation of the increased solution (4% to 32%), while saline was administered to the control group. cSPC effect was not observed in animals receiving haloperidol, while a one trial positive contrast was expressed in animals receiving saline. These results confirm the proposed hypothesis. Although the results are promising, further experiments are needed to determine more precisely the neurochemical correlate of increased cSPC in animals with AA.