bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image Matching Using a Bat Algorithm with Mutation
Authors: Zhang Jia Wei , Wang Gai Ge
Published: October 2012

Due to shortcoming of traditional image matching for computing the fitness for every pixel in the searching space, a new bat algorithm with mutation (BAM) is proposed to solve image matching problem, and a modification is applied to mutate between bats during the process of the new solutions updating. This new approach can accelerate the global convergence speed while preserving the strong robustness of the basic BA. The realization procedure for this improved meta-heuristic approach BAM is also presented. To prove the performance of this proposed meta-heuristic method, BAM is compared with BA and other population-based optimization methods, DE and SGA. The experiment shows that the proposed approach is more effective and feasible in image matching than the other model.
A Micro Force Measuring System Based on Static Electric Field Theory
Authors: Qi Yong Yue , Song Le , Huang Yin Guo
Published: October 2012

A system traceable to mass standard below 10-5N with high precision was proposed. An electrostatic force generator was adopted to produce micro force. The principle of the system was a cylindrical capacitor. The outer electrode served as the reference. A rectilinear flexure mechanism suspended and guided the inner electrode. The electrostatic force was generated by the voltage between electrodes so that mechanics quantity was linked to electrical capacity. The capacitor can be used in a balance mode to compare an electrostatic force with the calibrated nominal mass. The experiments show that the capacitance change gradient is 0.84pF/mm so as to realize the electrostatic force in the range of 10-6～10-9N.
Impact Performance Analysis and Optimization of X-Sandwich Panels
Authors: Wang Lin , Ye Ai Quan
Published: October 2012

In this paper, ANSYS/LS-DYNA which is a non-linear dynamic finite element software is applied to simulate the processes of two kinds of X-sandwich plate hit by a rigid sphere. Ultimate-ly the sandwich plate can be used to replace some components of the traditional steel protective dev-ices aimed at improving the overall crashworthiness performance of protective devices. This paper analyzes the influence of two plates on crashworthiness. And based on the comparison between the sandwich plates and the equivalent flat plate, the results from numerical simulation show that the X-sandwich panel can provide an excellent crashworthiness.Tight type of X-sandwich board is perfor-ms better than the discrete and ordinary steel plates, which can be applied to bridge protection device.
Performance of Frame Structure Composed of Steel Reinforced Concrete Beam and Angle-Steel Concrete Column under Horizontal Loading
Authors: Wang Kun , Luo Hui Hui , Zheng Wen Zhong
Published: October 2012

This paper developed a finite element modelling (FEM) to simulate two frame specimens composed of steel reinforced concrete beam and angle-steel concrete column under horizontal loading. In the FEM, a series of simulation technologies such as defining material models, selecting element types, applying load, and parameters determination were described. Through the FEM, the skeleton curves, failure modes, and strain distribution are acquired, and the calculated results are basically agree well with the tests. Furthermore, the mechanism of the composite frame structure under horizontal loading is analyzed.
Soil-Structure Interactions of Tube-in-Tube System of Tall Buildings Based on ODE Solver
Authors: Liao Ming Cheng , Xiao Zhen Ya , Gong Yao Qing
Published: October 2012

A new analytical method for the analysis of interactions between the superstructure and foundation and foundation soil of a tall building is formulated. The computational model of a structural system and its foundation are simplified equivalently and continuously into a three-dimensional model, a combination of thin-walled tubes on a semi-infinite elastic subgrade. The various stiffness coefficients for evaluating elastic strain energy stored in foundation soil are as well derived by using the principle of energy equivalency. Some satisfying conclusions are obtained by the interaction analysis for the tube-in-tube structural system adopted by Guangdong Guomao Building.
Dynamic Characteristics of Single-Layer Spherical Aluminum Alloy Reticulated Shell
Authors: Li Yuan Ping , Ouyang Dong , Xu Jia Chu
Published: October 2012

Comparative analyses of dynamic characteristics between two aluminum alloy single-layer spherical shells, which have the same span, same rise-span ratios and same bars but different material characters of elasticity and visco-elasticity, are presented. Influences about material viscosity on vibration behaviors of single-layer spherical aluminum alloy reticulated shells are illustrated. The results show that: there are great differences between the resonance frequencies of two shells but the linear harmonic response properties are basically the same; the dynamic characteristics of these two shells are greatly different under harmonic loads or seismic loads, and the dynamics characteristics are greatly influenced by the viscous properties of the material itself.
Study on Bond-Slip Performance of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Members
Authors: Liang Yan , Luo Xiao Yong , Ou Ya , Wan Ao Zhou
Published: October 2012

According to pull-off test on reinforced concrete specimens with different corrosion rate, their failure patterns, relationship between bonding strength and slippage, variation laws of bonding strength and slippage are studied. The calculating formula of reduction coefficient of bonding strength and slip ratio is proposed. Based on these studies, constitutive model of bond-slip performance for corroded reinforced concrete is set up. It can be seen after verification and analysis that calculated results of this model agree well with trial values, which suggests that the bond-slip constitutive model of this paper is reliable and universal.
Creep Analysis of Steel Structures in High Temperature Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Liu Yue Song , Wu Yu Ching
Published: October 2012

To predict the behavior of steel structure under fire effect, the material property is very important in the analysis of steel structure at high temperature. This paper adopted finite element method to investigate the nonlinear behavior of steel structures under high temperature and creep conditions. We studied the creep strains with different models of creep. Differences between these models are highlighted. Furthermore, the importance of creep effect in fire is discussed.
Statistic Analysis of Tensile Fabric Structures Features
Authors: Mirhadi Sara , Maghareh Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2012

Today, by the diversity of advanced structural systems, structures are guided to lighter designs, more efficient and stunning, tensile fabric structures are getting popular more and more everyday because of their lightness, quickly and easily installation, cheapness and also durability improvement of materials. Due to the necessity of recognizing the types of these structures, in this paper authors have tried to present a comprehensive review and appropriate analysis for these kinds of structures. In the first phase, after describing the desired topic, 52 case studies of Tensile Fabric Structures and their general features have been deliberated. At last all case studies were classified based on location, year of construction, base structure, material and form. Assessing these items, classified case studies could have been analysed. In this article, with focus on structural form, Tensile Fabric Structures were analysed in 3 categories: Hypar, Conic and Barrel. The method and results of analysis based on the structural information will be presented and discussed.
Settlement Analysis of Piled-Raft Foundation Using Numerical Method
Authors: Liu Wen Tsung , Lin Chun Yi
Published: October 2012

The study gives an example of the sinking pier case at Takeda Interchange of National Highway NO.3 in Taiwan. We got the monitoring data, explored the impact on the consolidation settlement of piled-raft foundation from construction procedure and soil improvement by finite element method「Plaxis8.2」and predicted the degree of post-settlement. Analytic results are shown as follows：Firstly, the soil consolidation settlement model is built by the estimated soil parameters using the data of soil exploration. The calculation value of settlement and the measured value are identical. Secondly, soil improvement only shows effective in initial stage. The pre-consolidation settlement is smaller when building embankment is before pier than when building pier is before embankment.
A Preliminary Analysis of Main Factors Affecting Stress-Strain Behaviors of Frozen Soil with High Water Content
Authors: Zhang Shu Juan , Sun Zhi Zhong , Du Hai Min
Published: October 2012

A series of uniaxial compression tests on frozen soil with weight water content of about 40~150% were carried out at -2.0°C--0.2°C. The effect of soil type, size of ice particle, temperature, water content and strain rate on stress-strain behaviors is analyzed according to the experimental data. The results show that the stress-strain behavior of frozen soil with high temperature and high water content can be sorted into two classes including strain softening and strain hardening, and it changes with various soil types, temperatures, water contents, strain rates, and sizes of ice particle.
The Influence of the Twin-Parallel-Tunnels Passing through Construction on Buried Oil & Gas Pipeline
Authors: Ren Peng , Li Yun Peng , Jiang Kai Le , Wang Hui Jiao , Liu Miao
Published: October 2012

To South-to-north water transfer project as the background, and based on the Peck formula, this paper educes the formula of settlement and internal force which caused by disturbance of the tunnel of the buried pipeline. Considering the different depths of the buried pipelines, the different diameter of the tunnel, the spacing interval between different tunnels and the depth of different tunnels and so on, this paper analyzes the effect of the twin-parallel-tunnels passing through construction on buried oil & gas pipeline. The research shows that the tunnel diameter has no effect on the width of surface subsider and the deflection of buried oil & gas pipelines, but it has great influence on pipeline internal forces. The spacing interval of tunnel has almost no influence on pipe deflection but has effect on the maximum internal force. Different depths of the tunnel contributes much to the rule of pipeline settlement and the distribution of internal forces, and it has greater influence on the internal force than on the pipe deflection . The relationship between the effect and the depth of the tunnels is non-linear. With the tunnel depth increasing, the hazardous conditions of the pipelines show significant improvement.
Intrinsically Safe in the Tunnel Construction under Complex Geological Conditions
Authors: Liu Hui , Xie Zhen
Published: October 2012

This article refers to the concept of intrinsically safe that emphasizes the production process, machinery equipment and fixtures which can create a safe production operating conditions for the operator. Combined with the tunnel engineering live telecast, for the complex geological conditions and the difficult safety control of the tunnel engineering, and through the essential safety of tunnel construction analysis, the tunnel project risk will be control effectively.
Analysis of Difference in Axial Force of Anchor in Shallow-Buried Loess Tunnel with Large Cross-Section
Authors: Li Qiang , Su Zhong Ming
Published: October 2012

Based on the Hejiazhuang tunnel on the Zhengzhou-Xi’an passenger dedicated railway,forcing cases of systematic anchor was studied in loess tunnel with large cross-section and forcing characteristics of systematic anchor at vault and sidewall parts were obtained; Causes that the forcing difference varies much were analyzed from the perspective of the law of radial displacement attenuation and distribution form of surrounding rock pressure，the related conclusions will offer reference value and guiding significance to the design and construction of such tunnels.
Simulation of Stress Concentration and Drilling Relief of Deep Tunnel Boring Face
Authors: Ma Zhi Tao , Wang Tong Xu , Liang Sai Jiang
Published: October 2012

Using the numerical analysis software FLAC3D, the stress concentration and drilling relief on the boring face of deep tunnel were analyzed through three dimensional numerical simulations, in which, the characteristics of stress concentration area distribution and the effect of depth on the stress concentration were the main works. The stress relief through drilling was also simulated. Through above studies, the results show that drilling is a very effective method to relief the concentrated stress. But the drilling layout, such as numbers of drilling, should be rational. Generally, the deeper the tunnel buried, the greater the degree of stress concentration, and more number of boreholes are required. All results in this paper provide a reference for the actual projects.
Study on the Arrangement of Baffles Attenuating Blast Waves inside Tunnels
Authors: Lu Hong Qin , Liu Wei Qing , Zhao Tong
Published: October 2012

Explosion inside the entrance of a tunnel may produce strong blast wave in the tunnel. Taking effective measures to attenuate the air blast wave is very important. Numerical simulations were done on explosion inside the entrance of a tunnel in three different cases, no baffles, symmetrical baffles and stagger baffles arranged along the tunnel. It is found that the arrangement of baffles can attenuate the air blast wave effectively. The best arrangement of baffles is given and it is a reference for tunnel protective design and study.
Research on Similar Materials Simulation Test for Protective Coal-Seams of Group B Coal-Seams of Panyi Coal Mine of China
Authors: Cai Feng , Liu Ze Gong
Published: October 2012

Protective technology is one of most effective technologies for regional gas control technology. Huainan Coal Field is a typical coal field with deep and low permeability multi coal-seams, and it is one of most serious coal field in gas disasters. Currently, Huainan Coal Field has completely entered the stage of extracting Group B coal-seams (average mining depth is about 650m). In order to research and obtain the results of stress relief of adjacent coal-seams after extracted protective coal-seam, taking advantage of the method of similar materials simulation test and taking 11415 longwall panel of Group B coal-seams of Panyi Coal Mine of Huainan Coal Field, the changing trends of abutment pressure, displacement as well as permeability of adjacent coal-seams are systematically studied. The researching results can provide safeguard for high-effective gas drainage, eliminate the risk of coal and gas outburst as well as high effective production.
Research on Effect of Grouting Circle on Seepage Field of Subsea Tunnel
Authors: Wang You , Wang Xing Hua , Chen Jun Ru
Published: October 2012

According to a real project of Jiaozhou Bay subsea tunnel, the effect of grouting circle on the seepage field was discussed. The calculation results showed that the principle of "to block mainly, to emit limitedly" should be taken in the waterproofing and drainage of subsea tunnel. If the grouting circle effect was used on the condition of the same effect of water plugging, the thinner the thickness of grouting circle and the smaller permeability coefficient of grouting circle required. The role of grouting circle was that decreasing the gushing water quantity by means of blocking the seepage paths of groundwater, so as to achieve a smaller discharge could significantly reduce the external water pressure of lining. When the tunnel gushing water quantity was equal to the control discharge, it was considered as free drainage and the lining could not bear the water pressure.
Analysis of the Displacement Caused by Shield-Driven Construction Adjacent to the Existing Tunnel
Authors: Zhu Lei , Huang Hong Wei , Zhao Jing Yan
Published: October 2012

Recently, more and more shield-driven construction projects have to cross over or under the existing metro line in soft soil in China. To evaluate the influence of such construction, three major factors were studied in this article based on monitoring data. They were the vertical interval between the two tunnels, the projection angel and the synchronous grouting rate. The linear regression formulas were also obtained to show the trends of displacement during the overcrossing and the undercrossing construction projects.
A Mechanical Model of EPB-TBM Tunnelling in Mixed Face Strata
Authors: Song Tian Tian , Chen Xiang Sheng
Published: October 2012

The forces on TBM druing tunnelling are analyzed in detail based on the characteristics of mixed face strata. Suitable parameters of TBM are choosed according to the characteristics of the strata ahead. The studies are focused on both the acting posture of TBM and the points of the main forces. A systemic model is consequently set up, which can provide ones with analysis of TBM stability, parameter calculation and tunnelling design in mixed strata. Two cases are finally analyzed of TBM tunnelling in different mixed strata by using this model. Then some of countermeasures is given as reference for TBM tunnelling in such mixed strata in the further.
Influence Mechanism of Lime on Strength and Water-Resistance Properties of Phosphogypsum Autoclaved Brick
Authors: Lin Yang , Cao Jian Xin , Lin Qian
Published: October 2012

Influence mechanisum of lime on the strength and water-resistance properties of phosphogypsum autoclaved brick is exploited for the manufacture of preparing phosphogypsum autoclaved brick. Results of XRD and SEM analysis of phosphogypsum and phosphorous slag powder, influence of lime on the properties of phosphogypsum autoclaved bricks, phase composition, microstructure and thermal analysis of phosphogypsum autoclaved bricks with different lime content, and influence mechanisum of lime on the strength and water-resistance properties development have been discussed. The test results reveal that (a) when the dosage of lime is zero, the major mineral compositions of the autoclaved bricks are CaSO4 and SiO2, thus the strength and water-resistance properties of the bricks are poor, (b) optimum lime to phosphorous slag powder and phosphogypsum ratio yielding maximum strength and Softness coefficient is about 0.03, (c) excess lime beyond the optimum limit (in this case 5%) can remain unreacted and act as weak filler in the phosphogypsum autoclaved bricks leading to reduction in strength and water-resistance properties.
Early Stage Tunnel Lining Experimental Study of Jinhuashan Railway Tunnel Construction within Soft and Weak Rock Mass
Authors: Jin Li Qiao , Zhou Tai Quan , Lv Bao Hua
Published: October 2012

Polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete can improve the common concrete flexibility and it is beneficial for interaction between concrete lining structure and rock mass. The use of fiber reinforced concrete with wet sprayed concrete technique can improve the concrete lining structure construction quality and improve the rock mass self-bearing capacity. The wet-sprayed fiber reinforced concrete is first introduced in Jinhuashan railway tunnel early stage lining structure within soft and weak rock mass. The design of Jinhuashan railway tunnel lining structure using fiber reinforced concrete is introduced and the requirement of material used is explained. To evaluate the lining effect using wet-sprayed fiber reinforced concrete, the online monitoring method is used to measure the rock mass pressure and the concrete lining layer stress for both the experimental tunnel sections and comparison tunnel section. The monitoring data result shows that the rock mass pressure in experimental section is even distribution with lower rock mass pressure and lower concrete lining layer stress. The value of rock mass pressure and tunnel lining layer stress in comparison tunnel section is a little higher than that in experimental tunnel section. The experimental tunnel section using fiber reinforced concrete has good lining effect.
Research on the Road Performance of the AC-25 Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Li Hong Mei , Liu Wen Fang
Published: October 2012

In this paper, firstly, based on asphalt pavement central layer, the comparison with the foreign related gradation of asphalt mixtures, one typical kinds of gradations are decided; Secondly, the asphalt aggregate ratio is predicted based on professor Lin’s Theory , and five asphalt aggregate ratio are selected. Finally, the road performance of asphalt mixture is experimented, and the road performance of five asphalt aggregate ratio is analyzed. As a result, we can predict the range of the optimum asphalt aggregate ratio based on the road performance.
Creep Characteristics of Mudstone under Devastating or Integrated States by Uniaxial Tests
Authors: Zhong Sheng , Liu Chuan Xiao , Liu Zhi Hao , Wang Long
Published: October 2012

Based on general instantaneous strength test and uniaxial creep tests under devastating or integrated states, strain characteristics of mudstone in different stages have been determined. Analyzing strain features of mudstone developing in every stage of different tests, evolving creep law of mudstone under uniaxial devastating state may be validated, which axial limited creep strain under the decided loading standard is equal to that value at uniaxial complete strain-stress curve rearwards ultimate strength. Relationship between designed loading stress and its corresponding creep strain can be linear in uniaxial creep test of mudstone under integrated state, while must not be a determinate secant of uniaxial complete strain-stress curve. Studying results present that terminal creep strain of rock with certain loading levels and under devastating state can be only corresponded with an exclusive point of traditional uniaxial complete strain-stress curve rearwards the ultimate strength, and the extended limited creep courses of mudstone will answer for Boltzmann function.
Consolidation Effect and Influencing Factors of Dynamic Compaction for Filling Subgrade
Authors: Jiang Yang , She Yue Xin , Sun Wen Bin , Chen Bao Hai , Shen Hua Rong
Published: October 2012

The parameters of dynamic compaction impacting on consolidation effect such as fall-height of hammer, impact mode, impact space, etc. are analysed by dynamic FEM method. The method of choosing parameters of dynamic compaction and consolidation effect of dynamic compaction on filling subgrade are illuminated by field test. Conclusions are drawn: with the increase of impact energy, the range of plastic deformation zone will extend to a certain depth in subgrade, which will certainly expand the effective reinforcement range of subgrade; optimal impact times of a subgrade is available; the consolidate depth and influencing area by light hammer with heavy impact is less than that by heavy hammer with light impact when impact energy is equal; with the increase of hammer diameter, both deformation and strain of subgrade reduce under the same impact energy.
Research on Aging Mechanism and Recycling Mechanism Based on Asphalt Four Components Analysis
Authors: Nie Yi Hua , Zhang Yun Long , Yu Jian Ying , Kuang Dong Liang , Zhang Xuan Pu
Published: October 2012

Asphalt aging mechanism and recycling mechanism are studied in the paper, based on four components tests for aging asphalt and recycling asphalt, by comparing and analyzing the D-value between testing data and theory calculated data. Results show that asphalt four components changes regularly for aging asphalt, which some saturates and aromatics are changed into some asphaltenes and colloid. And the recycling mechanism is not regular for the same asphalt, which the mix result of asphalt four components depends on many factors, such as degree of aging, quantity of old asphalt, components and quantity of recycling agent. The study results can provide important theoretical basis for sustainable use and development of regeneration asphalt.
3D Model of Airfield Clearance and a Case Study
Authors: Xu Ming Xia , Cai Liang Cai , Shao Bin , Wang Guan Hu , Zhang Li Ming
Published: October 2012

Clearance management is the airfield management’s daily work. In this paper, combined with the technology of GIS, established the 3D model of airfield clearance limit surfaces, evaluated and applied the method in airfield. It offers an effective management method to airfield.
Study of the Critical Load for Rigid Airport Pavement by the Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Cai Jing , Yue Zong Bao
Published: October 2012

In the airport pavement design, the critical load position has the guiding significance for the airport pavement slab design. The finite element analysis model of rigid airport pavement is built, and 2-slab model and 9-slab model are analyzed. The corresponding load positions are obtained when the maximum stress and the maximum vertical displacement happen
Analysis and Evaluation of the Recycled Asphalt Mixture Performance Influencing Factors
Authors: Yang Yan Hai , Gao Jing Xiong
Published: October 2012

This paper is based on majority indoor tests of recycled asphalt mixture performance. To analyze the elements which could affect different blended rates of the old material and the different mixing processes of recycled asphalt mixture by using orthogonal experiment method. The results show that, different mixing processes have significantly influenced the performance of rutting resistance on the high temperature, resistance to water damage of the recycled asphalt mixture. However blending rate of the old material has influenced more on low-temperature crack resistance of the recycled asphalt mixture. Old material blended rate is 30% and first mixing of old materials and recycling agent in a hot-melt state, by adding new complementary stone , followed by a new supplementary asphalt mineral powder mixing process to produce recycled asphalt mixture for an ideal performance.
Pavement Concrete Construction Process on the Spatial Variability of the Pavement Structural Strength
Authors: Wang Da Wei , Chen Hua Liang
Published: October 2012

Obtained through the large number of field core samples from a variety of strength tests, the impact of the construction technology of concrete pavement structural strength spatial variability of the distribution law of the strength of concrete in the pavement structure, to find out the variability characteristics of the structural strength, to determine the structural design of reliability coefficient to provide a basis. On the basis of theoretical studies and experimental studies, practical techniques for pavement concrete structure and properties of the variability of design control and construction control, to control the variability of pavement concrete structural strength.
Mountainous Highway Routing Decision-Making Model Based on Variable Weight Grey Theory
Authors: You Dong Mei , Han Bing , Li Liang
Published: October 2012

Topographic, geologic and environmental condition is complex in mountainous area. Many factors impacting mountainous highway routing decision-making. The factor’s weight is variable and influence with each other. Variable analysis method is used to determine the weight of decision-making factors. The research use Grey Theory to build model with the factors to compare with alternative plans and calculate the optimistic one. Finally we bring out the Decision-making model of mountainous highway routing base on variable weight. The model can provide a new method for highway routing decision-making.
Study on the Computing Method of Asphalt Absorption Coefficient in the Effective Relative Density of Aggregate
Authors: Dong Qiang , Ling Tian Qing
Published: October 2012

According to the computing formula of the effective relative density of aggregate and its physical significance, the theoretical computing formula of asphalt absorption coefficient C has been deduced through the Four-phase system theory of aggregate, and the rationality of asphalt absorption coefficient has been verified through testing and comparison with other computing methods. It is concluded that: (1) the asphalt absorption coefficient is between 0.2 and 0.8 when the water absorptivity of aggregate is between 0.5% and 4.0%; (2) the formula of asphalt absorption coefficient should includes bulk relative density of aggregate; (3) when the water absorptivity of aggregate goes up, the impact exerted by the bulk relative density of aggregate upon the asphalt absorption coefficient would be greater accordingly.
Experimental Study on Water Stability of Cold Recycled Mixture Stabilized with Emulsified Asphalt
Authors: Liu Ming Hui
Published: October 2012

Abstract: Water damage on asphalt pavement will accelerate pavement destruction, and decrease the service life of highway. Water stability of recycled mixture especially should be strengthened in design and construction of cold-recycled pavement. Taking for cold recycling technology as research object , We studied water stability and freeze-thaw stability of cold recycled mixture stabilized with emulsified asphalt, cement and emulsified asphalt through tests of Marshall stability and immersion Marshall、split test 、soaking split test and freeze-thaw split etc. The results obtained show that: Water stability of Cold recycled mixture stabilized two different additives all can satisfy requirement, and cold recycled mixture adding little cement has better stability. Cold recycled mixture stabilized emulsified asphalt can be used as highway base or sub-surface of pavement. The experiment research results provide a reliable reference for cold recycled mixture design and its applicability.
Parabolic-Apex Numerical Back-Analysis of Mechanics Parameters of Surrounding Rock
Authors: Xu Jian Cong , Xu Yi Wei
Published: October 2012

The parabolic-apex numerical back-analysis method (PNBM) was proposed to obtain such physical-mechanics parameters as Young's modulus and lateral pressure coefficient of surrounding rock by 3D FEM numerical analysis based on in-situ monitoring data. Taking Xiang-an Subsea Tunnel (located in Xiamen, Fujian Province, China) for example, adopting the PNBM using ABAQUS software, three dimensional elastic-plastic FEM-PNBM of tunnel surrounding rock was validated using in-situ monitoring data. The results show as follows: Using the PNBM, not only may high calculation precision be obtained, better meeting the demand of actual projects, but also more reasonable and reliable physical mechanics indices of surrounding rock such as Young's modulus and lateral confinement pressure coefficient, may be obtained. The applicability and the simplicity of this proposed method also support its usefulness.
The Technology for Construction Quality Control of Bridge Deck Pavement on Yellow River 2nd Bridge in Zhengzhou
Authors: Luo Yao Lu
Published: October 2012

Early damage of the bridge deck pavement has become one of the major diseases which effecting the play of using function of expressway and inducing traffic accidents. For the concrete conditions, which may happen during the construction of entitative engineering for the bridge deck pavement on Yellow River 2nd Bridge in Zhengzhou, the article has analyses the pertinence measures that it need to take timely. In addition, it introduces the pre-construction preparation, the control emphasis during the construction and the basis and standard for quality inspection. What’s more, it makes a deep research for the asphalt paver and the compaction technology. The results of test after the deck has been running for three years shows that the indexes of the project meet the standards, and the quality of the construction is well.
Stay Cable Tubes Positioning Control of Prestressed Concrete Low-Pylon Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Wang Hao , Chi Yan Bin , Li Ya Lin
Published: October 2012

In order to protect the stay cable and to construct it easily in Cable-stayed Bridge, the cable ends are equipped with cable tubes. The dip and the coordinates of cable tubes lying in the main beam are changing in the process of cantilever cradle construction. The theoretical orientation parameters must be corrected during construction to ensure that the cable tube coordinates with the cable. Aimed at obtaining alignment parameters of the cable tubes, the paper analyzed the various factors affecting cable tube positioning and the importance of them, derived correction formula of cable tubes positioning and elucidated it with dip and the coordinates correction, verified the calculation combining with Nan Ping Bridge engineering practice.
Long-Term Performance of Bridge Elements Using Integrated Deterioration Method Incorporating Elman Neural Network
Authors: Bu Guo Ping , Lee Jae Ho , Guan Hong , Loo Yew Chaye , Blumenstein Michael
Published: October 2012

Currently, probabilistic deterioration modeling techniques have been employed in most state-of-the-art Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) to predict future bridge condition ratings. As confirmed by many researchers, the reliability of the probabilistic deterioration models rely heavily on the sufficient amount of condition data together with their well-distributed historical deterioration patterns over time. However, inspection records are usually insufficient in most bridge agencies. As a result, a typical standalone probabilistic model (e.g. state-based or time-based model) is not promising for forecasting a reliable bridge long-term performance. To minimise the shortcomings of lacking condition data, an integrated method using a combination of state- and time-based techniques has recently been developed and has demonstrated an improved performance as compared to the standalone techniques. However, certain shortcomings still remain in the integrated method which necessities further improvement. In this study, the core component of the state-based modeling is replaced by an Elman Neural Networks (ENN). The integrated method incorporated with ENN is more effective in predicting long-term bridge performance as compared to the typical deterioration modeling techniques. As part of comprehensive case studies, this paper presents the deterioration prediction of 52 bridge elements with material types of Steel (S), Timber (T) and Other (O). These elements are selected from 94 bridges (totaling 4,115 inspection records). The enhanced reliability of the proposed integrated method incorporating ENN is confirmed.
Fuzzy Reliability Evaluation of RC Rigid-Frame Arch Bridge in Service
Authors: Chen Ai Ping , Diao Rong Ting
Published: October 2012

According to the basic principles and methods of the fuzzy reliability assessment to the existing bridge, RC rigid-frame arch bridge with Fuzzy reliability evaluation of a judgment factor sets of class I and class Ⅱare identified in this paper, aiming at the existing disease in this kind of bridge. Then, the fuzzy reliability comprehensive evaluation model of RC rigid-frame arch bridge is established. Meantime, the paper raises the membership function of each evaluation index; uses Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight vector of each factor. At last, a reliable practical analytical method for the evaluation of the existing RC rigid-frame arch bridge’s bearing capacity is obtained.
The Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation in Risk Assessment of Incremental Launching Bridge
Authors: Tian Zhong Chu , Yang Lei , Jiang Tian Yong
Published: October 2012

The risk factors of continuous incremental launching bridge during construction stage are specialized. The risk in incremental launching stage is analyzed and identified. A risk assessment index system is built. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is developed. The results obtained from the risk assessment model verifies the validity and practicality of the developed method by the combination of analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics theory. Moderate risk assessment results are developed to provide references for incremental launching construction method.
Key Technologies of Whole Incremental Launching Construction Control for Inclined Continuous Box Girder with Steep Longitudinal Gradient
Authors: Jiang Tian Yong , Tian Zhong Chu , Xu Jing Hua
Published: October 2012

Under the background of Liuyang River Bridge, systematical studies of the key technologies of incremental launching control for inclined continuous box-beam bridge are of important theoretical significance and practical engineering value, with the features of incremental launching construction control difficulties caused by vertical curve, skew, steep longitudinal gradient, and with cantilever flange and heavy box girder. The results show that the limitation of dead weight of box girder can be overcome by precast supporting system composed of box-girder precast bearing system and box-girder incremental launching bearing system. The factors of stiffness and weight of main girder should be considered for guiding beam configuration in incremental launching construction, which should choose reasonable stiffness, length and weight, to assure that the negative moment peak of largest cantilever status and a status when guiding beam is on the pier is consistent with the largest fulcrum negative moment during the use state. The predictive value and measured value of stress and deformation of whole process of steep longitudinal gradient incremental launching about inclined continuous box beam are in good agreement. Horizontal traction force of jack, transverse offset of box beam and stress of temporary pier are all be well controlled, satisfying all design requirements, which means that simulation analysis and control of whole process of incremental launching is effective and feasible. The study results offer reference for similar bridges about the whole process of incremental launching construction.
The Force Analysis of PC Rigid Frame Curved Bridges with Long Span
Authors: Yang Mei Liang , Xu Fang , Li Chuan Xi
Published: October 2012

Depend on the Cha Ping Bridge on Yan-Ru Highway, through modeling a dimensional, the thesis researches the curved bridge’s force analysis under different radius of curvature and working conditions. Studies shows as follows: 1) as the continuous rigid frame curved bridges exist greater torque, the box girder generates lateral deformation. 2)the lateral deformation is inversely proportional to the curved bridge’s radius of curvature, the larger the radius of curvature is, the greater the lateral deformation is. 3) variation of the radius of curvature has little effects on the longitudinal stress, vertical deformation and vehicle load. The above conclusions can be borrowed for the design and construction of the similar continuous rigid frame curved bridges.
Durability Study of Reinforced Concrete Bridge
Authors: Yi Chao Jue
Published: October 2012

Steel corrosion is the most important and direct factor of reinforced steel concrete bridge durability damage as well as one of the main forms of the concrete bridge durability destruction. This article gives a comprehensive discuss from the corrosion mechanism, influencing factors and consequences.
The Damage Factors Correlation Analysis and Health Hierarchies Partition for RC Bridge
Authors: Feng Zhong Ren , Liu Xin , Wang Xiong Jiang
Published: October 2012

For the bridge health monitoring it is very important to understand the information what factors lead to the bridge damage. Clearly know these factors and the correlation between them can improve the efficiency of the bridge operation. But, the informed researches of damage factors are based on the expert's opinion and not on a systematic method of as the basis. First around 30 candidate factors are Scientific selected in reinforced concrete bridge related database in this paper, then these factors are divided into four common type, and in turn using rough clustering in the light of the four types, the rank of each type and comprehensive class are partition. Finally, the most significant influence factors to the structural damage are searched by the rough set theory (RST), and the association rules of each factor are analyzed.
The Influnce of Velocity for a Moving Load on the Vibration Isolation Using Pile Group
Authors: Xu Man Qing , Xu Bin
Published: October 2012

Based on Biot’s theory and integral transform method, the velocity of moving loads impact on the vibration isolation effect of pile rows embedded in a poroelastic half space is investigated in this study. The free field solution for a moving load applied on the surface of a poroelastic half space and the fundamental solution for a harmonic circular patch load applied in the poroelastic half space are derived first. Using Muki’s method and the fundamental solution for the circular patch load as well as the obtained free field solution for the moving load, the second kind of Fredholm integral equation in the frequency domain describing the dynamic interaction between pile rows and the poroelastic half space is developed. Numerical solution of the frequency domain integral equation and numerical inversion of the Fourier transform yield the time domain response of the pile-soil system. Numerical results of this study show that the same pile rows can achieve a better vibration isolation effect for the lower load speed than for the higher speed. Also, the optimal length of piles for higher speed moving loads is shorter than that for lower speed moving loads.
Analysis of Parts Weight of Railway Concrete Girder Bridges by Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Yang Fan , Su Mu Biao , Li Qing Ning , Yan Xian Li , Feng Tao
Published: October 2012

In order to accurately determine the weight of railway bridges parts, for railway concrete girder bridge case, this thesis is based on analysing the construction features of the railway concrete girder bridges and destructive characteristic of seismic damage and proposes a detailed method, which adopts combination of the analytic hierarchy process and the fuzzy synthetical evaluation. The weight of railway concrete girder bridges can be confirmed, by utilizing its logical and pairwise comparison method, Studies show that this is an effective method to confirm the weight of railway concrete girder bridges. It is of great value to quickly evaluate earthquake loss of railway bridges in the earthquake stricken areas.
Application Effect Evaluation of Equivalent Linearization Method Used in Displacement-Based Design of Bridge Piers
Authors: Zhou Dao Chuan , Chen Guo Rong , Nie Li Ying
Published: October 2012

Six equivalent linearization methods are summarized and calculation process of applying equivalent linearization method for displacement-based design of bridge engineering is studied. With the evaluation of volume stirrup ratio and safety performance of design structure, six different equivalent linearization methods are used in displacement-based design of bridge columns. The influence of equivalent linearization model and the damping adjust coefficient to seismic design results is studied. Study shows that there are big differences among the seismic design results based on different equivalent linearization methods. Equivalent damping ratio model and the damping adjust coefficient have great influence on seismic design results. Calculation errors of Kowalsky method and Iwan method and Ou method are very small. Calculation error of Kowalsky method is decreasing when displacement ductility factor increases. The calculated result based on the damping adjust coefficient provided by Eurocode8 specification is more close to the real one. Kowalsky method and the damping adjust coefficient of Eurocode8 specification is recommended to be used in displacement-based design of bridge engineering.
Study on the Gradually Expanding Substructure Method for the PBL Shear Connector Group
Authors: Zhang Yu Zhi , Li Qiao , Bu Yi Zhi , Zhao Lei
Published: October 2012

Finite element method and model test method are not applicable to analyze the mechanism of PBL shear connector group which is large and complex, because modeling is complicated, efficiency is low and calculation is difficult to converge for the finite element method, and the model test cost too much money and time. In order to improve the analysis ability for the PBL group, the gradually expanding substructure method was put forward for the PBL group transmitting axial load according to the simple boundary conditions and the repeated simple structure components. The gradually expanding substructure method was derived based on the load-slip curve of the single PBL shear connector and the force and displacement equations of the steel and concrete components. Compared with finite element method, the gradually expanding substructure method has some advantages such as the equations are easier to understand, the program is easier to perform and the efficiency is higher.
Wind-Resistant Control Research for the Main Girder of Large-Span Bridge
Authors: Liu Rong Gui , Guo Qing , Cai Dong Sheng , Chen Bei
Published: October 2012

With the rapid increase of the bridge span, the bridge structure tends to be more flexibility, thus causes wind-induced vibrations more prominence. Taking Sutong Bridge as an example, numerically identifies the three component coefficients of girder with different angles of attack, comparing to the girder with guide plates and the girder with central slot, it is found that the guide plates has little influence to the three component coefficients of girder and the central slot can obviously increase the wind resistance capacity of girder, provides the wind-resistant basis for girder of large-span bridge design.
Research on Closure Jacking Forces of Continuous Multi-Span Rigid Frame Bridge
Authors: Wan Tao , Xi Shu Juan , Jin Xiu Mei
Published: October 2012

After continuous multi-span rigid-frame bridge is closed up, long-term creep and shrinkage of concrete induce unfavorable effect on deformation and internal forces of main girder and piers. Imposing some horizontal jacking forces at closure stages is the key steps to ensure construction quality. Taking Mayinghe Bridge as study objective, main factors determining the jacking force value are analyzed. The deformation and internal forces at construction stage and operational stage of the bridge are calculated through FE method when different jacking force combination is applied at closure stage. Jacking force combination is chosen that not only improve the deformation and internal forces conditions at operational stage but also ensure the construction safety at the construction stages. The monitoring data show that the simulation has a good agreement with the practical results.
Port Coastline Value Assessment on the Basis of Fuzzy Mathematics Comprehensive Evaluation Method
Authors: Yang Xue Hui , Zhang Tao
Published: October 2012

Port coastline is the basic resources of port construction, not only scarce, but also non-renewable. It is the national precious strategic resources. The value assessment of port coastline is an important theoretical basis on the sustainable utilization of port coastline resources. In this paper,via the definition of port coastline value connotation, in-depth analysis of the necessity of value assessment and its theoretic foundation ,finally the paper has made systematic assessment to the port coastline value by using of comprehensive weight method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.