bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS FENOMENA PERILAKU PENYIMPANGAN SEKSUAL (LGBT) DI INDONESIA DALAM PANDANGAN HUKUM ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Mulyono Galih Puji , Yosafak Hawu
Published: June 2020

Hak Asasi Manusia adalah hak-hak dasar yang melekat sejak lahir pada diri siapa saja, tanpa memandang perbedaan identitas apapun, termasuk perbedaan orientasi seksual dan identitas gender. Namun pada kenyataannya, di berbagai belahan dunia, kelompok interseks, terutama kelompok LGBT terus mengalami diskriminasi dan perlakuan kekerasan, karena perbedaan mereka. Tidak terkecuali di Indonesia, keberadaan serta hak-hak dari kaum LGBT masih dipandang sebelah mata, dan dalam beberapa kasus mereka diperlakukan secara tidak adil, bahkan di mata hukum. Hal ini jelas bertentangan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia, serta bertentangan dengan Pancasila, yang pada hakikatnya menjunjung tinggi keadilan dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas fenomena LGBT melalui perspektif hukum dan HAM, serta menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang betapa pentingnya menghormati hak-hak orang lain secara adil dan agar pemerintah lebih adil dalam memperlakukan masyarakatnya, tanpa memandang orientasi seksual maupun identitas gender.
LEGAL CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY OF RELIGION COURT RUNNING THE EXECUTION OF SHARIA ECONOMIC DISPUTS
Authors: Muhammad Hasanuddin
Published: June 2020

Since being given the authority to try Islamic economic cases, in 2018 at the first level the religious court has handled 347 cases. Of the 347 cases, 183 cases have been decided. Cases that have been decided need a clear legal umbrella to carry out the contents of the decision. So in this paper the author will try to explain the construction of the authority of the religious court to execute Islamic economic dispute execution. The authority of the religious court in handling Islamic economic disputes was born after the issuance of Law No. 03 of 2006 concerning Religious Courts and was strengthened by the Constitutional Court through Decision Number 93 / PUU-X / 2012. The religious court has also been equipped with Supreme Court Regulation No. 02 of 2008 concerning Compilation of Sharia Economic Law and Supreme Court Regulation No. 14 of 2016 concerning Procedures for Settling Sharia Economic Cases. For the execution, the religious court refers to the HIR and RBgKeywords: execution, religious court, sharia economy
MASIFIKASI PENDIDIKAN KONSTITUSI SEBAGAI PROTEKSI HAK KEBINEKAAN DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Wahid Abdul , Sunardi Sunardi , Kurniawati Dwi Ari
Published: June 2020

Abstrak Konstitusi merupakan pijakan dasar atau norma yuridis fundamental yang mengatur kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara dalam kondisi apapun, termasuk saat menghadapi pandemi Covid-19. Urgensinya konstitusi ini akan bisa dirasakan oleh setiap warga negara melalui proses pendidikan (pembelajaran).  Mengingat kondisi masyarakat yang terkena pandemi Covid-19 ini sangat pluralistik, sementara setiap warga negara secara konstitusionalitas mempunyai hak atas kebinekaan, maka setiap pihak, khususnya kalangan penyelenggara pendidikan untuk melakukan masifikasi pendidikan konstitusi, yang model ini diidealisasikan dapat menegakkan keadilan sosial dan mencegah disparitas dan radikalitas  di tengah  masyarakat.Kata kunci: masifikasi, pendidikan, konstitusi, proteksi, hak, kebinekaan Abstract The constitution is the basic foundation or fundamental juridical norms governing the life of the nation and state in any condition, including when facing the Covid-19 pandemic. The urgency of this constitution will be felt by every citizen through the process of Education (learning). Considering that the condition of the people affected by the Covid-19 pandemic is very pluralistic, while every citizen constitutionality has the right to diversity, then each party, especially the education providers to carry out the constitutional education masification, which this model is idealized can uphold social justice and prevent disparity and radicality in the community. Keywords: masification, education, constitution, protection, rights, diversity
PELANGGARAN HAK CIPTA DALAM BISNIS DAN INDUSTRI MUSIK: SUATU TINJAUAN KOMUNIKASI MASSA
Authors: Nuraryo Imam
Published: June 2020

AbstractMusic is used as a medium to teach norms andrules that apply in the society. Music isconsidered as a communication medium, it hasrules, ethical and technical guidelines thatshould be considered by the composer.Unfortunately, copyright law which is stillprevailing in Indonesia gives less attention to thecompetition of the creative industries. Copyrightis one of the intellectual property rights that themost vulnerable to breaches and it is alsobecoming more susceptible in accordance withthe development of information technology.Many cases a number of Indonesian artists doplagiarism controversy. Actually the result ofmusic plagiarism sold well in the Indonesianmarket and many Indonesian musiciansadmitted that they deliberately made such musicbased on business reason. Mass communicationstudies contribute to identifying plagiarism inmusic area, and the advancement of technologyand information makes the public easier todetect plagiarism practice.Keywords: Music, Plagiarism, CopyrightInfringement, Mass Communication

AbstrakMusik digunakan sebagai media untukmengajarkan norma-norma dan aturan-aturanyang berlaku di tengah masyarakat. Oleh karenamusik dianggap sebagai media komunikasi yangmemiliki kaidah, etika dan rambu-rambu teknistertentu yang harus diperhatikan dan dipatuhioleh composernya. Namun, undang-undang hakcipta yang berlaku di Indonesia dinilai masihkurang memperhatikan persaingan danpesatnya pertumbuhan industri kreatif dunia.Hak cipta merupakan salah satu obyek hakkekayaan intelektual yang paling rentanterhadap pelanggaran yang semakin canggihdilakukan sejalan kecanggihan perkembanganteknologi komputer. Banyak kasus yangmelanda sejumlah musisi di Indonesia karenakontroversi plagiarisme yang telah dilakukan.Musik-musik hasil plagiarisme itu malah lakukeras di pasaran dan banyak juga musisi yangmengaku sengaja membuat musik yang semiripmungkin karena motif bisnis. Kajian komunikasimassa bekontribusi mengidentifikasi plagiarismeyang terjadi di dunia musik, dan kemajuanteknologi dan informasi semakin memudahkankhalayak mendeteksinya.Kata kunci: Musik, Plagiarisme, PelanggaranHak Cipta, Komunikasi Massa
GLOBALISASI DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA (HAM): STUDI KASUS PELANGGARAN HAM DI MYANMAR
Authors: Robertua Verdinand
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article is a conceptual review focusing theinterrelatedness of globalization and human rights.Myanmar governments has been accused ofexploiting Myanmarâ€™s human rights and Europeangovernments has applied sanctions andcondemnations toward Myanmar. The researchquestion is how human rights value internalize toMyanmar in the context of globalization. Toanswer this question, the author used EnglishSchool Theory pioneered by Hedley Bull and BarryBuzan. Since this is a value debate, three conceptsof English School will be used as value comparisonwhich are international order, pluralism andsolidarism. Through comparative study of values,this article concluded that universalization ofhuman rights through sanctions provokedresistance from ASEAN countries. National andlocal values of ASEAN countries such as sovereigntyand order have balanced the human rights value.â€œASEAN Wayâ€ is symbol of balanced interactionbetween global and local values. Coexistence, a keyconcept of English School, become a key conceptrelevant in discussing the interrelatedness ofglobalization and human rights in the context ofMyanmar.Keywords: Globalization, Human Rights, EnglishSchool, Pluaralism, Solidarism, International Order,ASEAN, Myanmar

AbstrakArtikel ini merupakan kajian konseptual membahasketerkaitan antara fenomena globalisasi dankonsep hak asasi manusia melalui studi kasuspelanggaran HAM di Myanmar. Tindakan dankebijakan Pemerintah Myanmar dianggapmerampas hak asasi manusia Myanmar danmemicu kemarahan dan sanksi ekonomi dari UniEropa Eropa. Pertanyaan yang diangkat adalahbagaimana penyebaran nilai HAM dalam konteksglobalisasi dengan studi kasus Myanmar. Untukmenjawab pertanyaan ini, penulis menggunakanteori English School of International Relation yangdigagas oleh Hedley Bull dan Barry Buzan. Dalammelihat perdebatan nilai HAM ini, terdapat tigakonsep English School untuk menjadi studiperbandingan nilai yaitu tatanan internasional,pluralism dan solidarisme. Melalui studiperbandingan nilai ini, penulis berkesimpulanbahwa globalisasi nilai HAM melalui instrumensanksi yang diterapkan Uni Eropa menghasilkanresistensi dari negara-negara ASEAN dan terciptainteraksi yang lebih berimbang denganmemperhatikan nilai-nilai yang diadopsi negaranegaraASEAN. Coexistence yang diajukan konseppluralisme dalam bentuk â€œASEAN Wayâ€ menjadirelevan dalam perdebatan nilai HAM di Myanmar.Kata kunci: Globalisasi, Hak Asasi Manusia, EnglishSchool, Pluralisme, Solidarisme, TatananInternasional, ASEAN, Myanmar
STRATEGI PEMIMPIN POPULIS BARU INDONESIA MENCAPAI KEKUASAAN
Authors: Sianipar Imelda Masni Juniaty
Published: June 2020

AbstractIndonesia has already had a populist leader, Ir.Soekarno. He is the first President of the RepublicIndonesia. Sukarno is categorized as a populistleader because He is charismatic and close to thepeople. In 2014, Indonesia has witnessed thepresence of populist leader in national politicalarena. The new populist leader is Joko Widodo orwho is wellknown as Jokowi. This figure was chosenby the majority of the people of Indonesia as apresident because it was believed that Jokowi has apopulist style leadership. He is also close to thepeople. This paper will specifically explain Jokowiâ€™sstrategies as a new populist leader in order to gainpower. This paper argues that in order to gainpower and also to get the support from Indonesianpeople, Jokowi relies on his organizationalexperiences, skills, leadership and achievements.He also built a coalition with organized societyespecially with PDI-P participant and alsounorganized society who is known as RelawanJokowi. The last strategy of Jokowi is to promotedemand policy oriented. Based on those strategies,this paper categorizes Jokowi as a rational populistleader.Keywords: populist leader, Jokowi, power,Indonesia, rational populism.

AbstrakIndonesia pernah memiliki pemimpin populis yaituIr. Soekarno, Presiden Pertama Republik Indonesia.Soekarno dikategorikan sebagai pemimpin populiskarena memiliki gaya kepemimpinan yangkharismatik dan dekat dengan rakyat. Pada tahun2014, Indonesia kembali menyaksikan hadirnyapemimpin populis di kancah perpolitikan nasional.Pemimpin populis baru tersebut adalah JokoWidodo atau akrab dikenal dengan Jokowi. Tokohini dipilih oleh mayoritas rakyat Indonesia sebagaipresiden karena diyakini memiliki karakterkepemimpinan populis dan dekat dengan rakyat.Tulisan ini secara khusus akan membahas strategiJokowi sebagai pemimpin populis Indonesia barudalam rangka mencapai kekuasan. Tulisan iniberargumen bahwa Jokowi mengandalkanpengalaman organisasi, skill dan leadership danprestasi yang dimilikinya, membangun koalisi baikdengan masyarakat terorganisir maupun yangtidak terorganisir serta mengedepankan kebijakanyang berorientasi pada demand (tuntutan) dalamrangka mendapatkan dukungan rakyat untukmencapai kekuasaan. Karenanya, Tulisan inimengkategorikan Jokowi sebagai pemimpinpopulis rasional.Kata kunci: pemimpin populis, Jokowi, kekuasaan,Indonesia, populisme rasional
MAKNA IKLAN CETAK INDOVISION VERSI â€œMENGAPA MEMILIH INDOVISION?â€ DI SURATKABAR KOMPAS
Authors: Susilowardhani Erna Mariana
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdvertisement as a tool to convey message of aproduct has been a must in the business world. Thestrong competition beetwen products makes theproducer has to design special promotion strategycarefully, especially through advertisement in themass media. Indovision as a TV cable provider alsopose an advertisement in mass media in the formof messsage as a construction result of what theproducer want to communicate to the mass. Thisresearch want to analyse the meaning of symbol ofmessage on the printed advertisement of theIndovision version of â€œWhy choose Indovision?â€ byusing concepts of advertising, advertising media,semiotics and theory of reality construction byusing descriptive explorative approach. The unit ofanalysis will cover all elements which is find in thatprinted advertisement on Kompas, at Saturday,October 4th, 2014. The research shows that printedadvertisement of Indovision version â€œWhy chooseIndovision?â€ is using comparative interest throughpicture appearance in the television screen thatIndovision is providing distinct and clearer picturecompare to other brand especially during badweather although the price of reguler subscriptionis more expensive.Keywords: advertisement meaning, Indovisionprinted advertisement, Semiotics, RealityConstruction in the advertisement

AbstrakIklan sebagai sarana penyampaian pesan bagiproduk sudah menjadi keharusan dalam duniabisnis. Kompetisi antar produk yang ketatmembuat para produsen harus merancang strategipromosi secara seksama, terutama melalui iklan dimedia massa. Indovision, sebagai penyedia jasatelevisi berlangganan juga memuat iklan di mediamassa dalam bentuk pesan sebagai hasilkonstruksi yang ingin disampaikan produsenkepada khalayak. Penelitian ini ingin menganalisismakna dari lambang pesan pada iklan cetakIndovision versi â€œMengapa Memilih Indovison?â€dengan menggunakan konsep periklanan, mediaperiklanan, semiotika dan teori konstruksi realitasdengan pendekatan deskriptif eksploratif. Unitanalisis mencakup semua unsur yang terdapatdalam iklan cetak tersebut yang dimuat padaKompas, Sabtu 4 Oktober 2014. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa iklan cetak Indovision versiâ€œMengapa Memilih Indovision?â€ menggunakandaya tarik komparatif melalui tampilan gambar dilayar televisi bahwa Indovision memberikangambar yang lebih jelas dan jernih dibandingkanmerek lain terutama saat cuaca buruk meskipunharga langganan lebih mahal.Kata kunci: Makna Iklan, Iklan cetak Indovision,Semiotika, Konstruksi Realitas dalam Iklan.
KONSEKUENSI INOVASI ORGANISASI TERHADAP PERAN PR
Authors: Tobing Melati
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe increasing levels of competition that emerged in the community, led the organizationto keep pace. It can only be achieved if the organization want to follow the changes, bydoing innovation. In doing that, an organization often have to face problems that causestagnation in the innovation process and leads to the trauma of innovation. Those obstacleswhich are not rare also happened to the communicationâ€™s activity. Therefore the role ofleadership in the organization is very important especially on how to communicate reliably.Nevertheless, a public relations strategically can support its leader in achieving innovationby acting effectively as a mediator, which is always communicate with external public andmainly with the internalâ€™s public of the organization itself.Keywords: Organizational Innovation, Communication, Role of Public Relations
Vegetación acuática y semiacuática en tres rios altoandinos y su relación con la fisicoquímica del agua
Authors: Botero-Álvarez Cristian , Montoya-Moreno Yimmy , Aguirre-Ramírez Néstor Jaime , Vélez-Macías Fabio de Jesús , Hernández-Atilano Esnedy
Published: June 2020

Los ríos de alta montaña presentan presiones antrópicas por la necesidad de abastecimiento de agua debido al crecimiento demográfico. En ese sentido, los elementos bióticos asociados a estos sistemas como la vegetación riparia y acuática, pueden verse afectados dados los cambios que la actividad humana ocasionan sobre las corrientes naturales de montaña. La presente investigación se desarrolló en tres ríos altoandinos, en jurisdicción del municipio de El Carmen de Viboral en el departamento de Antioquia, se establecieron cuatro muestreos para las tres estaciones, se midieron algunas variables fisicoquímicas para determinar su influencia en la estructura de la comunidad de hidrófitos y vegetación riparia. Se encontró que las variables más influyentes sobre la vegetación fueron caudal, pH, conductividad eléctrica, nutrientes, temperatura del agua y turbiedad. Por lo anterior se corroboró la hipótesis planteada, de que las variables fisicoquímicas influyen en la distribución de plantas acuáticas en los ríos andinos.
The practicality and profitability of feed inputs on the Stratford Demonstration Farm
Authors: Pitman G.D.
Published: June 2020

A four-herd dairy farm farmlet trial was carried out on the Stratford Demonstration Farm in Central Taranaki for four seasons (2001/2002 to 2004/2005). This trial examined the profitability and practicality of different feed input systems including on-farm forage cropping and the use of new pastures. The farmlets included: 1. A self-contained control group moderately stocked at 3.3 Jersey cows/ha. 2. A group with the same stocking rate (SR) but using high quality silage made on the farmlet to allow milking for a long lactation (280 days/cow) and feed purchased to balance the winter feed budget (MPF). 3. A group, high stocked at 4 Jersey cows/ha to allow direct grazing of the grass by milking cows with minimal supplements made but feed purchased (grass silage and hay, maize silage, winter grazingoff) to allow a moderate to long lactation length (270 days/cow) and to balance the winter feed budget (HPF). 4. A group also at the moderate SR and self-contained but with 12% of the farmlet cropped with summer turnips and Triticale cereal silage crops to increase total feed production, as well as introduce the use of higher quality pasture cultivars (crop). Increased milk production was achieved by the increased inputs with a response rate of 142 g milksolids (MS)/kg dry matter (DM) from buying-in feed to extend the lactation and 84 g MS/kg DM from buying-in feed to run a higher SR. The cropping and regrassing system also resulted in a 4.9% increase in MS production, but crop yields were much lower than expected, significantly affecting the results. The MPF group with purchased feed to extend the lactation produced the best economic result under the costs and milk payouts used. The HPF group produced the most variable and lowest economic result. The extra milk production from this group was sufficient to cover the extra feed costs but not the cost of running the extra cows. The extra milk production on the cropping farmlet covered the cost of the cropping and allowed a high level of regrassing at no net cost, but minimal economic benefit. The value of the new pastures in the system, however, improved each season. Labour costs, feed costs and milk payout are critical factors in the differing economic results. These vary greatly from farm-to-farm, and year-to-year and differences here can change the relative economics of each system. Keywords: economic farm surplus, feed input systems, milksolids production, profit
Contribution of a herb and clover mix to spring and autumn sown forage for dryland dairying
Authors: Jacobs J.L. , Ward G.N. , Maskell P. , Mckenzie F.R.
Published: June 2020

This study investigated companion crops and time of sowing of a herb (chicory and plantain) and clover (red and white clover) mix in dairy pasture systems. Five summer crops (turnip, rape, turnip-rape, radish and millet), sown alone or in combination with herb/clover in spring 2003, were compared over the first summer. Dry matter (DM) production was higher for millet and rape than turnip-rape or radish. Metabolisable energy (ME) content of millet and turnip was lower, and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content of millet higher than all other crops. Inclusion of herb/clover reduced ME and increased NDF at the second grazing. In autumn 2004, an Italian ryegrass + herb/clover mix was direct drilled into plots without the spring sown herb/clover mix, and Italian ryegrass only into the remaining plots. The spring sown herb/clover system resulted in higher herbage DM at the first grazing (June 2004) after sowing Italian ryegrass, but lower production in spring 2004 than the autumn sown herb/clover system. There were no differences in DM production at any other grazings. In winter and spring 2004, ME was higher for autumn than for spring sown herb/clover. Crude protein content was higher for autumn sown herb/clover in June and July than for spring sown, but lower from December 2004 to April 2005. From September 2004 to August 2005, the NDF content of spring sown herb/clover was lower than for autumn sown. Throughout the study, both chicory and plantain content (%DM) was higher and weed and dead matter lower, with spring compared to autumn sowing. Keywords: herbage production, chicory, plantain, metabolisable energy, weed suppression
On-farm wintering systems - issues to consider
Authors: Longhurst R.D. , Miller D. , Williams I. , Lambourne A.
Published: June 2020

Winter is a very important period during the dairying calendar. Regions such as Southland, with susceptible soils and extended periods with soils at saturation levels will face increasing pressure to review wintering practices. On-farm options for wintering cows to protect soils and prevent pasture damage are needed. This requires a turn-around in philosophy from taking cows to pasture/crops, to bringing supplementary feeds to cows. Specialised facilities exist such as feed pads, stand-off pads, wintering barns or Herd Homes. The advantages of such systems are reduced pugging and compaction of soils, better pasture growth and stock condition. Disadvantages may include requirements to upgrade effluent management systems to cope with more concentrated waste streams. Research has shown that pasture production can be increased by withholding stock from soils during sensitive periods. Advantage should be taken of this to fully feed stock in specialised facilities. However, cow welfare and effluent management must be prioritised to maximise the wintering benefits. Keywords: stand-off pads, bedding materials, soil pugging, Herd Homes
Consideration of paddock shape and access in subdivision fencing
Authors: Scott D.
Published: June 2020

In the potential paddock subdivision of a large property, a simulation study shows a rapidly increasing total fencing requirement as paddock shapes depart from square to rectangular, with it being 6% greater if length to width ratio is 2:1 and 25% when 4:1. It is similar or slightly less for a hexagonal shape with some advantages from machinery or animal behaviour considerations. Fencing a triangular shape would be 21% greater. Provision of access lanes to all paddocks simplifies management. While a series of ring lanes plus a few connecting lanes in square paddock design increases total fencing by 30% as compared to 25% for a central lane plus laterals lanes, it does result in a 9% reduction in the mean distance (time) needed to move stock between paddocks. Keywords: fencing; subdivision
Adoption of new technologies or management systems on sheep and beef farms
Authors: Smeaton D.C. , Dooley A.E.
Published: June 2020

Adoption of new technologies or management systems on sheep and beef farms is a complex business. Multicriteria decision making (MCDM) methods provide a quantitative means to assist with decision making where there are multiple and conflicting goals measured in different units. The MCDM process consists of a series of stages from defining the problem to identifying the best alternatives. In a study investigating the adoption of beef production technologies, seven sheep and beef farmers from throughout New Zealand were confronted with a choice of improved or new systems for their beef production operations. Suggested systems had gross margin values calculated for them. The MCDM tool was then used to rank the new systems in order of preference. The farmers decided what criteria were important to them in making decisions. They then scored each system for each of the criteria, and decided on the importance of each criterion relative to other criteria. An overall ranking for each system was calculated using this information. Across all seven case studies, profit and issues directly related to profit made up less than half of the contribution to the top ranked system. In two cases, it contributed less than 20% of the total. Other criteria included sustainability, management complexity, labour requirements, family needs, impacts on pasture quality control and input costs risk. In nearly half of all cases, the most profitable option was not the preferred option when all criteria were considered. Keywords: multiple criteria decision making, farm systems, beef, decision making
Cereal Silage - a review of its use in the South Island
Authors: Milne G.D.
Published: June 2020

A sample of growers and users of cereal silage in the South Island of New Zealand were surveyed in 2005 to quantify results and perceptions. Most users perceived they had positive animal responses with 92% reporting that stock performance improved when cereal silage was used as a supplement to grazed pasture. Feedback from growers indicated that cereal silage had potential as a high yielding crop but growers estimates of crop yield varied widely. The majority of growers and users were getting results that met or exceeded their expectations. Keywords: cereal silage, whole-crop, green-chop, survey, yields, quality, South Island, performance
Producing over 40 t dry matter/ha per year through a complementary forage rotation system
Authors: Garcia S.C. , Fulkerson W.J. , Kenny S. , Nettle R.
Published: June 2020

A long-term field study is being conducted in New South Wales, Australia, to evaluate the feasibility of producing over 40 t DM/ha/year with a triple crop, complementary forage rotation (CFR) system. The CFR comprises a bulk crop (maize); a break crop (forage rape) and a legume crop capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (clover). The control is a well managed kikuyu-based pasture oversown with short rotation ryegrass each autumn. Treatments are replicated four times and data from the first 2 years are reported. Over 40 t DM/ha/year was either utilised by grazing or harvested mechanically from the CFR system in the first 2 years. This compares to almost 18 t DM/ha/year of utilised pasture for the control pasture system. In practice, these results indicate that dairy farmers in Australia can increase productivity by growing more forage on-farm with increased efficiency. The systems are designed to complement, rather than substitute, pasture-based systems. Keywords: complementary forage rotation, pasture, crop, dairy
Long-term changes in the biology of a livestock farm system associated with the shift to organic supply
Authors: Mackay A.D. , Devantier B.P. , Pomroy W.E.
Published: June 2020

A long-term replicated farm systems study (1997-2005) examined changes in the biology of mixed-livestock systems associated with the shift to organic production. Two farmlets were managed using conventional farm practices (Con) and two low chemical (LC) farmlets complied with the organic production standards of BIOGRO New Zealand. The Con farmlet had higher (P
75 years of scientific and technological advances in pastoral agriculture - what will it take to continue to deliver?
Authors: Caradus J.R.
Published: June 2020

Scientific and technological advances are important for any industry to ensure continued improvement in productivity - achieving more output of value per unit of input. Since the majority of New Zealand's pastoral produce is traded internationally we need to ensure that we are the most efficient at growing and producing this produce, whether it is traded as a commodity or as a value added product. The requirement for continued R & D investment in our agricultural knowledge economy is a prerequisite for continued improvements in pastoral agricultural productivity. In reflection, the major scientific and technological advances that have improved on-farm productivity over the last 75 years are described and the challenge is given to determine how this might continue into the future. Keywords: pastoral agriculture, research and development, technologies
Monitoring the impact of farm practices on water quality in the Otago and Southland deer focus farms
Authors: Mcdowell R.W. , Mcgrouther N. , Morgan G. , Srinivasan M.S. , Stevens D.R. , Johnson M. , Copland R.
Published: June 2020

Research on the soil and water quality of deer farms is minimal. However, the perception is that many deer operations may be detrimental to soil and water quality. To address this problem two deer focus farms (DFF, 1 each in Otago and Southland) were established to showcase how productivity and environmental objectives can coincide. Managements implemented by the farmers included a sedimentation pond, fencing off waterways and retiring land under a QEII covenant. A detailed soil and water quality testing regime occurred for each farm: data were collected at the Southland DFF for three tributaries (one fenced off, one partially fenced and one unfenced) which fed into a stream and through a tussock covered area retired from grazing. Water quality in the unfenced and partially fenced tributaries was poor with no water quality parameters meeting ANZECC guidelines, whereas water quality in the fenced-off and planted tributary was better. Water exiting the retired area met ANZECC guidelines. Although water quality on parts of both deer farms did not meet ANZECC guidelines, when management practices such as fencing off and the creation of a pond were used water quality improved. More importantly, an area retired from grazing and further development on the Southland DFF showed that water quality could be significantly improved and could be better than that entering the farm. Keywords: fencing-off, QEII covenant, sedimentation pond, water quality
Irrigated dairy pasture yield and water use efficiency responses to summer applied nitrogen
Authors: Mckenzie F.R. , Jacobs J.L. , Ward G.N.
Published: June 2020

Two experiments determined the potential of N fertiliser to maximise the conversion of summer (October to April) irrigation water to pasture dry matter (DM) in southwest Victoria, Australia. DM consumed increased with increasing N (0 to 100 kg N/ha per grazing, and 50 to 200 kg N/ha every second grazing). Applications of 75 to 100 kg N/ha every grazing, and 150 to 200 kg N/ha every second grazing resulted in the highest water use efficiencies (improvements of 25 to 70% in Year 1, 40 to 63% in Year 2). Applications of 25 kg N/ha every grazing and 50 kg N/ha every second grazing led to the highest N response efficiencies (10 to 19 kg DM/kg N). The increases in DM consumed in response to N fertiliser were similar to responses noted for N applied during autumn, winter and spring in similar environments to the current experiments. Keywords: dry matter, perennial ryegrass, urea, water use efficiency
Spray irrigation on dairy pastures - efficient or not?
Authors: Thomas S.M. , Bloomer D. , Martin R.J. , Horrocks A.
Published: June 2020

Applying water efficiently is increasingly important for dairy farmers and other users of surface and groundwater resources to maintain sustainable production. However, irrigation is rarely monitored. We used a questionnaire survey and measurements of five spray irrigation systems working in normal farm conditions to make observations on how efficiently irrigation is being managed. Survey results from 93 dairy farmers showed that, although the farmers believe they know how much water is being applied during irrigation, only 60% make measurements, and about 18% measure irrigation uniformity. Catch-can measurement of irrigation application depth for the different spray systems indicated large variability in application depths during irrigation, and field distribution uniformity ranged greatly between the different systems, decreasing in the order of centre pivots >travelling irrigators> K-line. Changes in irrigation system settings were sometimes made without considering application depths or uniformity. If our five case studies are typical, they may explain the large range of seasonal irrigation amounts recorded in the survey. We recommend that farmers monitor irrigation application depths and uniformity to help manage irrigation water efficiently and to help them estimate the value of irrigation to their enterprise. Keywords: distribution uniformity, water use efficiency, catch cans
Effect of clover root weevil larvae on four annual forage legumes
Authors: Crush J.R. , Ouyang L. , Gerard P.J. , Rasmussen S.
Published: June 2020

The effect of clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) (CRW) larval feeding on subterranean, suckling, striated and clustered clovers was compared with white clover in a glasshouse experiment. Growth of suckling, striated, and clustered clover was significantly reduced by CRW, approaching the levels of damage recorded in white clover. N fixation in suckling and clustered clovers was also reduced. Growth and nitrogen fixation of two subterranean clovers (cv. Denmark, cv. Leura) were changed relatively little by CRW larval feeding. The relatively high level of the isoflavonoid biochaninA that was present in subterranean clover roots may explain the species' tolerance of CRW. These results suggest that CRW may not pose a major threat to dryland farming systems based on subterranean clover. Keywords: annual clover, clover root weevil, roots, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium glomeratum, Trifolium striatum, Trifolium subterraneum
Development and testing of new performance measures for milksolids production per hectare
Authors: Glassey C.B.
Published: June 2020

With increased use of feed from outside the effective milking area on dairy farms, milksolids (MS) per effective ha is no longer a sound basis for comparing farms and evaluating options for improving efficiency and profitability. Development of new, quantitative measures for feed and land use efficiency is required. These measures should take account of the extra land used to grow all feed types used for MS production and define how well the feed grown and purchased is converted into MS. Two methods were used to re-calculate MS per ha for six high performing farms (average of 2073 kg MS per effective ha) using a wide range of imported feed. Using these calculations, the farms averaged 1513 kg MS per total ha used and 1450 kg MS per ha produced from home grown pasture and crops. Yields of home grown pasture and crop harvested per effective ha ranged from 14.7 to 17.5 t DM per ha and feed conversion efficiency ranged from 85-94 kg MS per tonne DM. These benchmarks can be used to identify opportunities to improve pasture grown, harvested and converted into milksolids on NZ dairy farms. Keywords: milksolids per hectare, imported feed, pasture harvested per ha, feed conversion efficiency
Whatawhata Catchment Management Project: the story so far
Authors: Quinn J.M. , Dodd M.B. , Thorrold B.S.
Published: June 2020

Changes in land use and management were applied to a 296 ha catchment farm at the Whatawhata Research Centre in 2000-2001 to improve its economic and environmental performance. The area had erosion and weed reversion challenges, poorly performing beef and sheep breeding enterprises, and degraded streams. Changes included conversion of the steepest land to plantation forestry; indigenous forest restoration; intensification of the farming enterprises onto easier terrain with better pasture production; changes in stock type; poplar planting for soil stabilisation; and exclusion of livestock from streams. Significant improvements have followed. The per hectare economic surplus for the pastoral enterprise improved from 30% below industry average to 13% above. The forestry enterprise will further improve economic performance in the long-term. There were reductions in the export of suspended sediment (76%), total phosphorus (62%), and total nitrogen (33%). Water clarity has increased, stream temperature has declined and stream invertebrate indices indicate improvements in the fauna. Keywords: agriculture, forestry, macroinvertebrates, riparian, water quality, nitrogen, phosphorus
Simulation of mitigation strategies to reduce nitrogen leaching from grazed pasture
Authors: Bryant J.R. , Hoogendoorn C.J. , Snow V.O.
Published: June 2020

Strategies to reduce nitrogen leaching losses from pastoral farming in the Lake Taupo catchment are required to address declining water quality in the lake. This study used a biophysical whole farm simulation model, EcoMod, to explore the potential for four mitigation strategies to reduce N leaching in a soil and climate typical of the region. The strategies were use of: a nitrification inhibitor (DCD); steers instead of heifers (STEER); salt as a diuretic (SALT) and; high sugar ryegrass (HSG). These were compared to a BASE scenario of grazed heifers. Each of the simulated mitigation strategies showed the potential to significantly reduce nitrogen leaching compared to BASE by 25 to 45%. All mitigation strategies reduced nitrogen fixation due to more efficient plant use of nitrogen from urinary and faecal sources. This also contributed to an increase in pasture intake for SALT, STEER and DCD, but not for HSG. These mitigation strategies were explored at a single-paddock level and planned experimental studies will further examine the effectiveness of the strategies. Keywords: nitrogen leaching, mitigation, Lake Taupo, simulation, EcoMod
Predicting accurate paddock-average pasture cover in Waikato dairy farms using satellite images
Authors: Mata G. , Clark D.A. , Edirisinghe A. , Waugh D. , Minneé E. , Gherardi S.G.
Published: June 2020

Effective monitoring of pasture cover on a regular basis is essential if dairy farmers are to increase profitability by making better pasture management decisions. We present results of a two-year study on the use of satellite imagery to estimate pasture cover on dairy farms in the Waikato region. Data collection concentrated on the critical time for dairy farm pasture management between June and December. Two distinct relationships between the remotely-sensed normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and pasture cover were observed, with an inflexion point in the relationship at NDVI = 0.74. A two-part exponential model was fitted to the data, allowing the prediction error to be minimised both above and below the inflexion point. Model development showed that an algorithm based on NDVI and time-of-year accounted for approximately 80% of the variability in pasture cover measured within paddocks. The validation studies show that pasture cover was estimated with an error of prediction of approximately 10%, which equates to 260 kg DM/ha for a pasture cover range of 1500 to 3400 kg DM/ha. The accuracy demonstrated in this study has given the project's funders the confidence to explore a staged rollout of development, validation and commercial delivery, to make the technology available to all major dairy regions in New Zealand over the next five years. Keywords: Pasture cover, dairy, satellite imagery, rising plate meter, normalised difference vegetation index
Framework for Oman’s Economic Development through Small & Medium Enterprise
Authors: Muthuraman Dr. Subrahmanian , Haziazi Mohammed Al , Veerasamy Rengarajan , Yahyaei Nasser Al
Published: June 2020

Enhancing small business development and promoting entrepreneurship would be a good strategy to contribute and promote economic development. From the socio-economic development viewpoint, SMEs provide a variety of benefits. The purpose of this study is to examine the link between economic growth and small and medium enterprise performance and develop a conceptual framework in Oman context.Desk Research technique was conducted for this study. The contribution which small and medium businesses can make to national economy and wealth creation needs to be recognized by the governments from the beginning and be considered as part and parcel of the economic development process. SMEs are the major growing force behind the growing economy of the Sultanate of Oman. Experts and economists are unanimous about the role of small and medium enterprises in the development of Oman’s economy. Small and medium enterprises, now representing the largest category in the economic sector, will complement the activities of large-scale businesses as industrialization gains pace in Oman. There is a need to emphasize the role of SME entrepreneurs in economic development, and to ascertain the role of SMEs in capacity building, employment generation, promoting competitive market, technological development for the economic growth of the Sultanate of Oman.
Penguasaan Kemahiran Membaca dan Menulis Bahasa Melayu dalam Kalangan Murid Bukan Penutur Natif di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (SJK)
Authors: Nahar Nora'Azian
Published: June 2020

Ketidaklancaran kemahiran membaca dan kelemahan penguasaan kemahiran menulis dilihat sebagai punca kemerosotan pencapaian akademik belakangan ini di sekolah rendah. Kajian dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti tahap penguasaan membaca dan menulis dalam bahasa Melayu murid di Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan (SJK). Seramai 414 orang sampel kajian dari 5 buah sekolah SJK telah dipilih. Dua instrumen yang diguna pakai untuk mendapatkan data iaitu Ujian Profesiensi UPBM_SR dan Tahap Skor UPBM_SR. Data diproses menggunakan IBMSPSS Versi 23 dengan reka bentuk tinjauan keratan rentas. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat sebanyak 65.2% responden tidak menguasai kemahiran menulis dan 39.6% tidak lancar membaca dalam bahasa Melayu. Pemahaman input kemahiran membaca dan menulis dilihat satu-satunya mekanisme yang dapat meningkatkan profesiensi linguistik asas. Peranan semua pihak perlu digembleng untuk melahirkan generasi yang kompeten menggunakan bahasa kebangsaan di Malaysia.
Identifying Factors on Agent’s Sales in an Apparel Manufacturing Company
Authors: MAT DESA NOR HASLIZA , MAT JUSOH SITI ZAMIRA AIDA
Published: June 2020

Agents are the most important marketing tools for company to become a successful in business. Agents not only operate as a channel to customers, but they also play an important role in providing customers with a variety of services before and after the sales. The main purpose of this study is to identify the factor influencing agent’s sales at an Apparel Manufacturing company. There are three categories of agents at the company namely, Trial agent, Basic agent and Premium agent. Based on the sales records in May 2018, the sales of product obtained by Trial Agent is lower than Basic and Premium Agents in this company. Therefore, this study aims to determine difference mean on record sales by agent among three categories of agents. This study also investigates the relationship between sales records by agents and years of experienced in business. Data was collected using questionnaire from 46 active agents at the company. Data was analyzed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression. Result showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the mean sales records among the three of agent’s categories. Furthermore, there is a strong positive correlation between sales records by agent and years of experienced in business. Meanwhile, factors of knowledge and skills in business are most contributed to the agent’s sales. This study can help the company to create a strategic business plan and conducting several workshop trainings for agents to increase their knowledge and skills in business.
Positioning Accuracy Comparison of GNSS Receivers Used for Mapping and Guidance of Agricultural Machines
Authors: Catania Pietro , Comparetti Antonio , Febo Pierluigi , Morello Giuseppe , Orlando Santo , Roma Eliseo , Vallone Mariangela
Published: June 2020

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) allow the determination of the 3D position of a point on the Earth’s surface by measuring the distance from the receiver antenna to the orbital position of at least four satellites. Selecting and buying a GNSS receiver, depending on farm needs, is the first step for implementing precision agriculture. The aim of this work is to compare the positioning accuracy of four GNSS receivers, different for technical features and working modes: L1/L2 frequency survey-grade Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)-capable Stonex S7-G (S7); L1 frequency RTK-capable Stonex S5 (S5); L1 frequency Thales MobileMapper Pro (TMMP); low-cost L1 frequency Quanum GPS Logger V2 (QLV2). In order to evaluate the positioning accuracy of these receivers, i.e., the distance of the determined points from a reference trajectory, different tests, distinguished by the use or not of Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) differential correction data and/or an external antenna, were carried out. The results show that all satellite receivers tested carried out with the external antenna had an improvement in positioning accuracy. The Thales MobileMapper Pro satellite receiver showed the worst positioning accuracy. The low-cost Quanum GPS Logger V2 receiver surprisingly showed an average positioning error of only 0.550 m. The positioning accuracy of the above-mentioned receiver was slightly worse than that obtained using Stonex S7-G without the external antenna and differential correction (maximum positioning error 0.749 m). However, this accuracy was even better than that recorded using Stonex S5 without differential correction, both with and without the external antenna (average positioning error of 0.962 m and 1.368 m).
Evaluation of e-Government Web Portals: The Case of Agricultural e-Government Services in Greece
Authors: Bournaris Thomas
Published: June 2020

The evaluation of users’ satisfaction from the available e-Government services is a very important factor for the e-Government evolution. In this research, the MUlticriteria Satisfaction Analysis (MUSA) method and the related software is used in order to evaluate the users’ satisfaction of agricultural e-Government services. For this reason, we used the results of a survey conducted for an agricultural e-Government web portal in Greece. Five main criteria and the thirty-one sub-criteria were used in order to calculate the global and partial users’ satisfaction. From the results, the strong and the weak points of the agricultural e-Government services and the specific usability attributes that are more crucial for the users’ satisfaction were determined. The results of the questionnaire revealed that the average level of the users’ satisfaction is high but there are still actions to be taken in order to improve the provided agricultural e-Government services. Furthermore, the users of agricultural e-Government services attributed great importance to the criteria of interaction and accessibility. The MUSA method highlights the actions that have to be taken using action and improvement diagrams.
A Cost-Effective Embedded Platform for Greenhouse Environment Control and Remote Monitoring
Authors: Sumalan Radu L. , Stroia Nicoleta , Moga Daniel , Muresan Vlad , Lodin Alexandru , Vintila Teodor , Popescu Cosmin A.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the development of a cost-effective automatic system for greenhouse environment control. The architectural and functional features were analyzed in the context of the realization of a controlled-environment agricultural system through all its stages: installation, deployment of the software, integration, maintenance, crop control strategy setup and daily operation of the grower. The proposed embedded platform provides remote monitoring and control of the greenhouse environment and is implemented as a distributed sensing and control network integrating wired and wireless nodes. All nodes were built with low-cost, low-power microcontrollers. The key issues that were addressed include the energy-efficient control, the robustness of the distributed control network to faults and a low-cost hardware implementation. The translation of the supervisory growth-planning information to the operational (control network) level is achieved through a specific architecture residing on a crop planning module (CPM) and an interfacing block (IB). A suite of software applications with flows and interfaces developed from a grower-centric perspective was designed and implemented on a multi-tier architecture. The operation of the platform was validated through implementation of sensing and control nodes, application of software for configuration and visualization, and deployment in typical greenhouses.