bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pollution of the Natural Environment in Intensive Cultures Under Greenhouses
Authors: Kleiber Tomasz
Published: July 2012

Pollution of the Natural Environment in Intensive Cultures Under Greenhouses

The last two decades have brought a significant modernization in methods of cultivation in greenhouses. Soilless cultures, isolated from soils, have become a common practice, similarly as fertigation (fertilization + irrigation) installations, although most of them are applied in the open system (with no recirculation), where excess nutrient solution is removed straight to soil. This situation was the reason why it was decided to conduct studies, extended over a period of many years, on the estimation of environmental pollution caused by discharged drainage waters containing mineral fertilizers in economically important cultures in Poland (anthurium, tomato, cucumber). On the basis of the chemical composition of drainage waters and amounts of nutrient solution spillway from culture beds data were estimated concerning pollution of the soil medium by the nutrient solution. The level of pollution was dependent on nutrient requirements of crops and the length of the vegetation period. The highest environmental pollution is caused by intensive tomato growing (in kg·month·ha-1): N-NO3(up to 245), K (up to 402), Ca (up to 145) and S-SO4(up to 102). A lesser threat is posed by metal microelements: Fe (up to 2.69), Mn (up to 0.19), Zn (up to 0.52) and Cu (up to 0.09). Lower contamination of the natural environment is generated in cultures with lower nutrient requirements (anthurium) and in the case of culture on organic substrates. With an increase in ecological awareness of producers recirculation systems should be implemented in the production practice, in which drainage waters do not migrate directly to soil, but are repeatedly used to feed crops.
Horizontal Distribution of Psammonic Ciliates in Two Lakes of Different Trophic Status: Relationship to Physical and Chemical Parameters
Authors: Mieczan Tomasz , Nawrot Dorota
Published: July 2012

Horizontal Distribution of Psammonic Ciliates in Two Lakes of Different Trophic Status: Relationship to Physical and Chemical Parameters

The aims of this study were to identify the taxonomic diversity and abundance of psammonic ciliate communities in mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes (Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland, eastern Poland). The effect of selected physical and chemical water parameters on ciliates community was also analysed. Psammon samples were collected during three seasons: spring, summer and autumn of 2010. In each lake, in the psammolittoral, samples were collected in the euarenal, higroarenal, and hydroarenal zones. A total of 53 ciliate taxa were recorded. The highest value of the Shannon-Weaver index was recorded in summer in eutrophic lake (2.79). At the same time in mesotrophic lake, a lower value of the index was determined (0.79). The mean numbers of ciliates ranged from 516 ind.cm-3in the eutrophic lake to 191 ind. cm-3in the mesotrophic lake. In eutrophic lake, the highest number of ciliates was recorded in the euarenal (649 ind. cm-3), and the lowest in the higroarenal (425 ind. cm-3). In the mesotrophic lake, the highest average numbers were determined in the higroarenal (235 ind. cm-3), and the lowest in the hydroarenal (155 ind. cm-3). Irrespective of the lake trophy, Hymenostomata (Paramecium sp., Glaucoma sp., Uronema nigricans) occurred in the highest numbers (from 13 to 95%). The results demonstrated that N-NH4, P-PO4and TOC can strongly regulate the abundance and taxonomic composition of ciliates. The strongest correlations between numbers of ciliates and physical and chemical water parameters were observed in the higro- and hydroarenal zones of the eutrophic lake.
"From the Top on Down It Is Systemic"
Authors: Stoudt Brett G.
Published: July 2012

In order to better understand the socialization and (re)production of privilege, most especially gendered privilege, within elite independent schools it is important to examine the masculine performances of its students enacted through bullying as well as the masculine environments in which these enactments are produced. This paper will begin explicating the messages received and the representations shaped by Rockport’s hegemonic masculine curriculum and the embodiment of these dynamics through research on bullying conducted with students and faculty at an elite, single-sex independent boys school, Rockport. The data revealed that bullying between boys at Rockport helped to discipline and reproduce hegemonic masculine boundaries; it was as much an expression of Rockport’s culture as it was a vehicle for policing and reproducing its culture. However, not only were the boys within Rockport gendered, the faculty and even the institution itself was gendered. In this way, it was systemic, both students and faculty acted within this institutional culture and held and managed expectations about their gender.
Resisting Boys, Resisting Teachers
Authors: Raider-Roth Miriam B. , Albert Marta , Bircann-Barkey Ingrid , Gidseg Eric , Murray Terry
Published: July 2012

How do teachers build an understanding of their relationships with the boys they teach? This article examines an inherent complexity in the teacher-boy relationship that is rooted in a fundamental relational tension: genuine learning requires the development and nurturing of trustworthy relationships, yet many boys are faced with a cultural mandate of separation from relationships, especially care-giving ones such as parents and teachers. One area in which boys’ negotiation of this paradox is visible is in the examination of some boys’ resistances to their teachers, the curriculum of school, and school culture. Through an action research qualitative, relational methodology, this article examines teachers’ understandings of this paradox. Participants were members of a Teaching Boys Study Group, a forum of teachers dedicated to studying teaching, gender and relationship. Findings of this study reveal that when participating teachers confronted boys’ resistances in school, they were engaging a critical intersection of their teaching identities, culture and relationship. Specifically, they confronted a relational paradox that challenged their sense of self as teacher and connections with the boys they taught.
From Adolescent Boys to Queer Young Men
Authors: Sadowski Michael
Published: July 2012

Gilligan (1996) and other feminist relational psychologists have identified a “silencing” to which adolescent girls are vulnerable when they confront pressures to conform to patriarchal values and norms in various social contexts. As Machoian (2005) and other researchers have noted, the silencing of girls’ authentic voices at adolescence is associated with heightened risk for depression and for suicide, cutting, eating disorders, and other self-harming behaviors. This article is based on in-depth interviews that examined the ways in which lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer-identifying youth might be subject to an analogous silencing of their authentic “queer voices.” Drawing on four case studies of male youth who participated in a larger qualitative research project, the article examines how schools, families, and communities both supported and silenced the authentic expression of their voices as gay- or queer-identifying boys. Since two of the case studies are based on interviews with participants at both late adolescence and young adulthood, the article also examines the effects of supportive factors over time and how they helped contribute to a purposeful, voiced sense of queer male identity as the participants reached manhood.
Discrete Wavelet Entropy Aided Detection of Abrupt Change: A Case Study in the Haihe River Basin, China
Authors: Sang Yan-Fang , Wang Zhong-Gen , Li Zong-Li
Published: July 2012

Detection of abrupt change is a key issue for understanding the facts and trends of climate change, but it is also a difficult task in practice. The Mann-Kendall (MK) test is commonly used for treating the issue, while the results are usually affected by the correlation and seasonal characters and sample size of series. This paper proposes a discrete wavelet entropy-aided approach for abrupt change detection, with the temperature analyses in the Haihe River Basin (HRB) as an example. The results show some obviously abrupt temperature changes in the study area in the 1960s–1990s. The MK test results do not reflect those abrupt temperature changes after the 1980s. Comparatively, the proposed approach can detect all main abrupt temperature changes in HRB, so it is more effective than the MK test. Differing from the MK test which only considers series’ value order or the conventional entropy which mainly considers series’ statistical random characters, the proposed approach is to describe the complexity and disorderliness of series using wavelet entropy theories, and it can fairly consider series’ composition and characteristics under different scales, so the results can more accurately reflect not only the abrupt changes, but also the complexity variation of a series over time. However, since it is based on the entropy theories, the series analyzed must have big sample size enough and the sampling rates being smaller than the concerned scale for the accurate computation of entropy values.
Comprehensive Study of Honey with Protected Denomination of Origin and Contribution to the Enhancement of Legal Specifications
Authors: Iglesias Antonio , Feás Xesus , Rodrigues Sandra , Seijas Julio A. , Vázquez-Tato M. Pilar , Dias Luís G. , Estevinho Leticia M.
Published: July 2012

In this study the characterization of a total of 60 honey samples with Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) collected over three harvests (2009–2011, inclusive), from the Northeast of Portugal was carried out based on the presence of pollen, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. All samples were found to meet the European Legislation, but some didn’t meet the requirements of the PDO specifications. Concerning the floral origin of honey, our results showed the prevalence of rosemary (Lavandula pedunculata) pollen. The microbiological quality of all the analyzed samples was satisfactory, since fecal coliforms, sulfite-reducing clostridia and Salmonella were absent, and molds and yeasts were detected in low counts. Significant differences between the results were studied using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s HSD test. The samples were submitted to discriminant function analysis, in order to determine which variables differentiate between two or more naturally occurring groups (Forward Stepwise Analysis). The variables selected were in this order: diastase activity, pH, reducing sugars, free acidity and HMF. The pollen spectrum has perfect discriminatory power. This is the first study in which a honey with PDO was tested, in order to assess its compliance with the PDO book of specifications.
Effect of Curing Agent and Temperature on the Rheological Behavior of Epoxy Resin Systems
Authors: Zhao Chenhui , Zhang Guangcheng , Zhao Lei
Published: July 2012

The effect of curing agent (6610) content and temperature on the rheological behavior of the epoxy resin CYD-128 was studied by DSC analysis and viscosity experiments. The results show that the resin system meets the requirements of processing technology. A complete reaction occurs when the curing agent content (40 parts per hundred resin, phr) is a little higher than the theoretical value (33.33 phr), while the degree of reaction of the resin system is reduced when the curing agent content is lower (25.00 phr) than theoretical value. However, excessive curing agent (50.00 phr) results in a lower reaction rate. Curing agent content has little influence on gel time when curing agent content exceeded 33.33 phr and the temperature was less than 70 °C. The isothermal viscosity-time curves shift towards the –x axis when the temperature rises from 50 °C to 80 °C. Meanwhile, higher temperature results in higher reaction rates.
A Novel Instrumentation Circuit for Electrochemical Measurements
Authors: Yin Li-Te , Wang Hung-Yu , Lin Yang-Chiuan , Huang Wen-Chung
Published: July 2012

In this paper, a novel signal processing circuit which can be used for the measurement of H+ ion and urea concentration is presented. A potentiometric method is used to detect the concentrations of H+ ions and urea by using H+ ion-selective electrodes and urea electrodes, respectively. The experimental data shows that this measuring structure has a linear pH response for the concentration range within pH 2 and 12, and the dynamic range for urea concentration measurement is in the range of 0.25 to 64 mg/dL. The designed instrumentation circuit possesses a calibration function and it can be applied to different sensing electrodes for electrochemical analysis. It possesses the advantageous properties of being multi-purpose, easy calibration and low cost.
Characteristics of Older Adults Rehospitalized Within 7 and 30 Days of Discharge: Implications for Nursing Practice
Authors: Hain Debra J. , Tappen Ruth , Diaz Sanya , Ouslander Joseph G.
Published: July 2012

Rehospitalization within 30 days consumes a significant portion of health care costs; therefore, interventions aimed at reducing the risk of rehospitalization are needed. A retrospective study was conducted examining rehospitalization rates and diagnoses according to discharge location and comparing characteristics of older adults within 7 and 30 days of discharge from a community hospital. Data on rehospitalization for Medicare fee-for-service patients (75 and older) over a 12-month period were obtained from the information technology department of a not-for-profit community hospital. A total of 6,809 patients were discharged, with 12% rehospitalized within 30 days. Skilled nursing facilities had the highest rehospitalization rates (15%), followed by home with home health care (13%) and then home with self-care (8%). The highest rehospitalization rates were in areas where nursing has a strong presence, suggesting that nurses can play an important role in the development of interventions aimed at reducing rehospitalizations.
Loneliness in Older Adults: An Embodied Experience
Authors: Smith Judith M.
Published: July 2012

Loneliness is of significant concern in the older adult population. Loneliness has been associated with old age because of multiple losses that may occur. These include loss of health, social status, friends, and/or spouse. There is a gap in the literature with regard to understanding the meaning of loneliness in older adults. Interpretive phenomenology was used for this study, involving multiple interviews with older adults to explore the meaning of loneliness. Findings revealed that many participants experienced loneliness as a result of disrupted meaningful engagement with others due to different age-related changes. Loneliness was embodied as it was expressed through the participants’ bodies in several ways, including fatigue, tension, withdrawal, and emptiness. Conclusions from this study reveal the need for nurses to become more aware of loneliness in older adults as a significant health issue.
Vertically Oval Corneas in a Child With Holoprosencephaly
Authors: Lee Esther S. , Wasserman Barry N. , Saslow Judy G. , Schnur Rhonda E. , Levin Alex V.
Published: July 2012

Vertically oval-shaped corneas are an uncommon ophthalmic finding. The normal human cornea has an oval shape, but is wider in the horizontal dimension. The etiology of vertically oval corneas is unclear. This report presents a case of bilateral vertical oval corneas in a male infant with semilobar holoprosencephaly.
The Essential Dialogue: A Norwegian Study of Art Communication in Mental Health Care
Authors: Ingeberg Mette Holme , Wikstrøm Britt-Maj , Berg Arild
Published: July 2012

This study focuses on how semi-structured art dialogues can be used to communicate with older patients with impaired mental health. The study was conducted on a geropsychiatric ward at a university hospital in Norway. To communicate with the patients via works of art, health professionals used semi-structured art dialogues; data were collected by qualitative methods. The findings are based on verbatim quotations regarding the health professionals’ experiences of their communication with the patients. Two main categories were identified: the physical domain and the caring domain. Dialogues about figurative as well as nonfigurative art forms were found to stimulate and evoke memories; for some patients, these dialogues were an essential step in creating well-being as well as
more-being
.
Gambling Behaviors and Perceived Health Among Incarcerated Older Adults
Authors: Kerber Cindy H. , Hickey Kari L. , Astroth Kim M. , Kim MyoungJin
Published: July 2012

The proliferation of lotteries and casinos has led to increased participation in gambling. Older adults who have opportunities to gamble may be vulnerable to gambling problems, and incarcerated older adults may be the most vulnerable. Furthermore, research has linked decreased health to gambling problems. This study compared perceived health and gambling problems among 43 incarcerated older adults from two county jails in the midwestern United States. Results from the South Oaks Gambling Screen indicated 48.83% of the sample scored in the problem or pathological range. Short Form-36 results were compared with U.S. norms for ages 55 to 64 and showed significantly lower perceived health scores on Role-Physical, Bodily Pain, Mental Health, Social Functioning, and Role-Emotional subscales. The problem and pathological gamblers showed significantly lower social functioning than the recreational gamblers. Assessment of health conditions and gambling behaviors is important for quantifying current and anticipated burdens of these conditions on correctional health care systems and the community.
Factor Associated with Neutral Sphingomyelinase Activity Mediates Navigational Capacity of Leukocytes Responding to Wounds and Infection: Live Imaging Studies in Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Boecke Alexandra , Sieger Dirk , Neacsu Cristian Dan , Kashkar Hamid , Krönke Martin
Published: July 2012

Factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase activity (FAN) is an adaptor protein that specifically binds to the p55 receptor for TNF (TNF-RI). Our previous investigations demonstrated that FAN plays a role in TNF-induced actin reorganization by connecting the plasma membrane with actin cytoskeleton, suggesting that FAN may impact on cellular motility in response to TNF and in the context of immune inflammatory conditions. In this study, we used the translucent zebrafish larvae for in vivo analysis of leukocyte migration after morpholino knockdown of FAN. FAN-deficient zebrafish leukocytes were impaired in their migration toward tail fin wounds, leading to a reduced number of cells reaching the wound. Furthermore, FAN-deficient leukocytes show an impaired response to bacterial infections, suggesting that FAN is generally required for the directed chemotactic response of immune cells independent of the nature of the stimulus. Cell-tracking analysis up to 3 h after injury revealed that the reduced number of leukocytes is not due to a reduction in random motility or speed of movement. Leukocytes from FAN-deficient embryos protrude pseudopodia in all directions instead of having one clear leading edge. Our results suggest that FAN-deficient leukocytes exhibit an impaired navigational capacity, leading to a disrupted chemotactic response.
Hemoptysis after Subclavian Vein Puncture for Pacemaker Implantation: Importance of Wire-Guided Venous puncture
Authors: Kossaify Antoine , Nicolas Nayla , Edde Pierre
Published: July 2012

We report a case of hemoptysis occurring after subclavian vein puncture for pacemaker implantation. Hemoptysis related to injury of lung parenchyma is a rare complication of subclavian vein access and is usually self limited, but can affect prognosis in critically ill patients. Venogram-guided or even better wire-guided venous puncture allow safe access to the subclavian vein in difficult cases. A review of the pertinent literature is also presented.
First measurements of reactive α-dicarbonyl concentrations on PM2.5 aerosol over the Boreal forest in Finland during HUMPPA-COPEC 2010 – source apportionment and links to aerosol aging
Authors: Kampf C. J. , Corrigan A. L. , Johnson A. M. , Song W. , Keronen P. , Königstedt R. , Williams J. , Russell L. M. , Petäjä T. , Fischer H. , Hoffmann T.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The first dataset for summertime boreal forest concentrations of two atmospherically relevant α-dicarbonyl compounds, glyoxal (Gly) and methylglyoxal (Mgly) on PM2.5 aerosol was obtained during the HUMPPA-COPEC-2010 field measurement intensive in Hyytiälä, Finland. Anthropogenic influences over the course of the campaign were identified using trace gas signatures and aerosol particle chemical composition analysis. The data evaluation allowed the identification of different events such as urban pollution plumes, biomass burning and sawmill emissions as sources of high Gly and Mgly concentrations. Mean aerosol concentrations during periods of biogenic influence were 0.81 ng m−3 for Gly and 0.31 ng m−3 for Mgly. Mgly was generally less abundant in PM2.5, probably due to its shorter photolysis lifetime and less effective partitioning into the particle phase due to its smaller effective Henry's Law constant compared to Gly. This is in contrast with previous urban studies which show significantly more Mgly than Gly. Peak concentrations for Gly coincided with nearby sources, e.g. high VOC emissions from nearby sawmills, urban pollution plumes from the city of Tampere located 50 km southwest of the sampling site and biomass burning emissions from wildfires. Calculated ratios of Gly in PM2.5 and total organic matter in PM1 aerosols indicate higher values in less aged aerosols. Irreversible processing of Gly in the particle phase, e.g. via oxidation by OH radicals, organo sulfate or imidazole formation are processes currently discussed in the literature which could likely explain these findings.
Carbonaceous aerosol AAE inferred from in-situ aerosol measurements at the Gosan ABC super site, and the implications for brown carbon aerosol
Authors: Chung C. E. , Kim S.-W. , Lee M. , Yoon S.-C. , Lee S.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The Mass Absorption Cross section (MAC) and Absorption Ångström Exponent (AAE) have been commonly estimated for ambient aerosols but rarely for black carbon (BC) or organic aerosol (OA) alone in the ambient conditions. Here, we provide estimates of BC (and OA) MAC and AAE in East Asian outflow, by analyzing field data collected at the Gosan ABC super site. At this site, EC (and OC) carbon mass, the aerosol absorption coefficient at 7 wavelengths and PM mass density were continuously measured from October 2009 to June 2010. We remove the absorption data with significant dust influence using the mass ratio of PM10 to PM2.5. The remaining data shows an AAE of about 1.27, which we suggest represent the average carbonaceous aerosol (CA) AAE at Gosan. We find a positive correlation between the mass ratio of OC to EC and CA AAE, and successfully increase the correlation by filtering out data associated with weak absorption signal. After the filtering, absorption coefficient is regressed on OC and EC mass densities. BC and OA MACs are found to be 5.1 (3.8–6.1) and 1.4 (0.8–2.0) m2 g−1 at 520 nm respectively. From the estimated BC and OA MAC, we find that OA contributes about 45% to CA absorption at 520 nm. BC AAE is found to be 0.7–1.0, and is probably even lower considering the instrument bias. OA AAE is found to be 1.6–1.8. Compared with a previous estimate of OA MAC and AAE near biomass burning, our estimates at Gosan strongly suggest that the strongly-absorbing so-called brown carbon spheres are either unrelated to biomass burning or absent near the emission source.
Identification of key aerosol populations through their size and composition resolved spectral scattering and absorption
Authors: Costabile F. , Barnaba F. , Angelini F. , Gobbi G. P.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Characterizing chemical and physical aerosol properties is important to understand their sources, effects, and feedback mechanisms in the atmosphere. This study proposes a scheme to classify aerosol populations based on their spectral optical properties (absorption and scattering). The scheme is obtained thanks to the outstanding set of information on particle size and composition these properties contain. The spectral variability of the aerosol Single Scattering Albedo (dSSA), and the Scattering and Absorption Angstrom Exponents (SAE and AAE, respectively) were observed on the basis of two-year measurements of aerosol optical properties (scattering and absorption coefficients at blue, green and red wavelengths) performed in the suburbs of Rome (Italy). Optical measurements of various aerosol types were coupled to measurements of particle number size distributions and relevant optical properties simulations (Mie theory). These latter allowed to investigate the role of the particle size and composition in the bulk aerosol properties observed. The combination of simulations and measurements suggested a general "paradigm" built on dSSA, SAE and AAE to optically classify aerosols. The paradigm proved suitable to identify the presence of key aerosol populations, including soot, biomass burning, organics, dust and marine particles. The work highlights that: (i) aerosol populations show distinctive combinations of SAE and dSSA times AAE, these variables being linked by a linear inverse relation varying with varying SSA; (ii) fine particles show SAE > 1.5, whilst SAE < 1 is found for both coarse particles and ultrafine soot-rich aerosols; (iii) fine and coarse particles both show SSA > 0.8, whilst ultrafine urban Aitken mode and soot particles show SSA < 0.8. A strict agreement was found when comparing the proposed paradigm to aerosol observations performed during past major field campaigns.
Critical surface albedo and its implications to aerosol remote sensing
Authors: Seidel F. C. , Popp C.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. We analyse the critical surface albedo (CSA) and its implications to aerosol remote sensing. CSA is defined as the surface albedo where the reflectance at top-of-atmosphere (TOA) does not depend on aerosol optical depth (AOD). AOD retrievals are therefore inaccurate at the CSA. The CSA is obtained by derivatives of the TOA reflectance with respect to AOD using a radiative transfer code. We present the CSA and the effect of surface albedo uncertainties on AOD retrieval and atmospheric correction as a function of aerosol single-scattering albedo, illumination and observation geometry, wavelength and AOD. In general, increasing aerosol absorption and increasing scattering angles lead to lower CSA. In contrast to the strict definition of the CSA, we show that the CSA can also slightly depend on AOD and therefore rather represent a small range of surface albedo values. This was often neglected in previous studies. The following implications to aerosol remote sensing applications were found: (i) surface albedo uncertainties result in large AOD retrieval errors, particularly close to the CSA; (ii) AOD retrievals of weakly or non-absorbing aerosols require dark surfaces, while strongly absorbing aerosols can be retrieved more accurately over bright surfaces; (iii) the CSA may help to estimate aerosol absorption; and (iv) the presented sensitivity of the reflectance at TOA to AOD provides error estimations to optimise AOD retrieval algorithms.
Improved modelling of atmospheric ammonia over Denmark using the coupled modelling system DAMOS
Authors: Geels C. , Andersen H. V. , Ambelas Skjøth C. , Christensen J. H. , Ellermann T. , Løfstrøm P. , Gyldenkærne S. , Brandt J. , Hansen K. M. , Frohn L. M. , Hertel O.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. A local-scale Gaussian dispersion-deposition model (OML-DEP) has been coupled to a regional chemistry-transport model (DEHM with a resolution of approximately 6 km × 6 km over Denmark) in the Danish Ammonia Modelling System, DAMOS. Thereby, it has been possible to model the distribution of ammonia concentrations and depositions on a spatial resolution down to 400 m × 400 m for selected areas in Denmark. DAMOS has been validated against measured concentrations from the dense measuring network covering Denmark. Here measured data from 21 sites are included and the validation period covers 2–5 years within the period 2005–2009. A standard time series analysis (using statistic parameters like correlation and bias) shows that the coupled model system captures the measured time series better than the regional- scale model alone. However, our study also shows that about 50% of the modelled concentration level at a given location originates from non-local emission sources. The local-scale model covers a domain of 16 km × 16 km, and of the locally released ammonia (NH3) within this domain, our simulations at five sites show that 14–27% of the locally (within 16 km × 16 km) emitted NH3 also deposits locally. These results underline the importance of including both high-resolution local-scale modelling of NH3 as well as the regional-scale component described by the regional model. The DAMOS system can be used as a tool in environmental management in relation to assessments of total nitrogen load of sensitive nature areas in intense agricultural regions. However, high spatio-temporal resolution in input parameters like NH3 emissions and land-use data is required.
The influence of climate and hydrological variables on opposite anomaly in active layer thickness between Eurasian and North American watersheds
Authors: Park H. , Walsh J. , Fedorov A. N. , Sherstiukov A. B. , Iijima Y. , Ohata T.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. This study not only examined the spatiotemporal variations of permafrost active layer thickness (ALT) during 1948–2006 over the terrestrial Arctic regions experiencing climate changes, but also identified the associated drivers based on observational data and a simulation conducted by a land surface model (CHANGE). The focus on the ALT extends previous studies that have emphasized ground temperatures in permafrost regions. The Ob, Yenisey, Lena, Yukon, and Mackenzie watersheds are foci of the study. Time series of ALT in Eurasian watersheds showed generally increasing trends, while ALT in North American watersheds showed decreases. An opposition of ALT variations implicated with climate and hydrological variables was most significant when the Arctic air temperature entered into a warming phase. The warming temperatures were not simply expressed to increases in ALT. Since 1990 when the warming increased, the forcing of the ALT by the higher Annual Thawing Index in the Mackenzie and Yukon Basins was offset by the combined effects of less insulation caused by thinner snow depth and drier soil during summer. In contrast, the increasing Annual Thawing Index together with thicker snow depth and higher summer soil moisture in the Lena contributed to the increase in ALT. The results imply that the soil thermal and moisture regimes formed in the pre-thaw season(s) provide memory that manifests itself during the summer. While it is widely believed that ALT will increase with global warming, this hypothesis may need modification because the ALT also shows responses to variations in snow depth and soil moisture that can over-ride the effect of air temperature. The dependence of the hydrological variables driven by the atmosphere further increases the uncertainty in future changes of the permafrost active layer.
Giant Endometrioma associated with Serous Cystadenoma: A Case Report
Authors: Arroyo Carlos , Espinosa-Villaseñor Natalia , Muñoz-Pérez María José , Soto-Vega Elena
Published: July 2012

Background

Giant endometriomas are a rare condition and the association with cystadenomas has not been reported previously.

Case

A 37-year-old woman without any previous medical history of disease presented to the emergency department because of dyspnea. During physical examination the patient presented a considerably sized abdominal growth when a tomography was performed; this revealed a large mass which was presumably dependent on the pelvic cavity. Surgery was performed to remove the tumor, during which another cyst was found in the contra-lateral ovary.

Conculsions

The histopathologic report showed that the tumor found on the left ovary corresponded to a giant endometriosic cyst and on the right ovary, a papillary serous cystadenoma.
Syntheses, Structures and Properties of Two Cd(II) Complexes Based on the 2-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl-methyl)-1H-benzimidazole Ligand
Authors: Su Xiao , Li Ting , Xiu Yu , Meng Xiangru
Published: July 2012

Two new 1-D Cd(II) complexes, {[Cd(imb)(μ2-Cl)Cl]·CH3OH}n (1) and {[Cd(imb)(μ2- Cl)Cl]·DMF}n (2), have been synthesized by the reactions of the unsymmetrical ligand 2-(1Himidazol- 1-yl-methyl)-1H-benzimidazole (imb) with CdCl2·2.5H2O in methanol or methanol=DMF solution at room temperature, and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 displays a ladder-shaped chain in which [Cd2Cl4] units are linked to each other through two bridging imb ligands. Complex 2 features an infinite looped chain structure composed of two kinds of rings, the smaller [Cd2Cl2] ring and the larger [Cd2imb2] ring, connected alternately via their Cd(II) ions. The different architectures of complexes 1 and 2 can be generated by solvent exchange. The IR spectra and fluorescence properties of the complexes have been also investigated.
Ionic Liquid 4-(3-Methyl-1-imidazolio)-1-butanesulfonic Acid Hydrogen Sulfate-catalyzed Synthesis of Phthalazinetrione Derivatives
Authors: Song Shihua , Deng Xiang , Guan Zhi , He Yanhong
Published: July 2012

A simple method for the synthesis of phthalazinetrione derivatives by a one-pot three-component condensation reaction of phthalhydrazide, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and aldehydes catalyzed by the ionic liquid 4-(3-methyl-1-imidazolio)-1-butanesulfonic acid hydrogen sulfate ([BSO3HmIm]HSO4) is reported. Good to excellent yields were obtained in short reaction times in the solvent PEG 600 (polyethylene glycol 600) at 120 °C. The strategy proved to be efficient and environmentally benign. The catalyst/solvent system could easily be recovered and reused for at least 5 times without noticeable loss of activity
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Methyl Glycyrrhetinate Esterified with Amino Acids
Authors: Csuk René , Schwarz Stefan , Siewert Bianka , Kluge Ralph , Ströhl Dieter
Published: July 2012

Methyl glycyrrhetinate was esterified at position C3 of ring A using different amino acids. A short, unbranched chain of four carbon atoms with two amino groups in positions 2 and 4 was shown to be the most active compound of this series (IC50 = 0:8 M on liposarcoma Lipo cells). These compounds trigger apoptosis as shown by an acridine orange/ethidium bromide assay, trypan blue tests and DNA laddering experiments.
Les techniques de travail social : un programme révisé, le rôle du travail social revisité
Authors: Daigneault Dominique
Published: July 2012

Les départements de techniques de travail social de tous les cégeps du Québec sont présentement en processus de révision de programme et cette révision semble susciter des craintes chez certains universitaires, notamment à l'Ordre professionnel des travailleurs sociaux du Québec. Les départements de techniques de travail social, eux-mêmes, ont émis plusieurs réserves face à cette révision obligatoire. Certaines de ces réserves portaient sur le processus en tant que tel et d'autres sur les fondements théoriques de ce processus. Comme nous ne désirions pas être embrigadés pour les 10 prochaines années dans un programme qui ne nous convient pas, nous avons décidé collectivement d'utiliser toutes les marges de manoeuvre dont nous disposions afin de mettre sur pied un nouveau programme qui permet de répondre adéquatement aux besoins de formation de notre clientèle étudiante.
Reasonable Notice for Wrongful Dismissal
Authors: Lam Helen , Devine Kay
Published: July 2012

This study identifies and compares the severance compensation determinants of legal and human resource (HR) professionals, using court cases and a policy-capturing HR survey. Results confirmed that HR practitioners not only considered the factors critical in court decisions, which were length of service, age, employment status, and labour market conditions, but also had economic and social justice concerns as revealed by significant factors such as a company’s financial situation and reason for dismissal. Certain HR decision-makers’ characteristics were also found to influence the decisions. Overall, HR notices were shorter than court notices in similar situations. Implications of such findings are discussed.
Coop Aide Rive-Sud, les acquis et les fragilités
Authors: Fournier Jacques
Published: July 2012

Ce texte est constitué d'extraits d'une communication faite le 21 juin 1999 lors de la 9e Conférence sur la politique sociale canadienne, qui s'est tenue à l'Université de Montréal du 20 au 23 juin 1999. On y présente l'historique de la Coop Aide Rive-Sud, une coopérative de solidarité en aide domestique qui a débuté ses activités en mai 1998, après une gestation de près de deux ans. Le texte analyse les difficultés de mise en place de la coopérative et décrit les enjeux de ce dossier, tant sur les plans national, régional que local. Il propose enfin une douzaine de pistes d'action, en mettant l'accent sur les acquis et sur les fragilités.
L’amélioration des situations de travail par l’ergonomie participative et la formation
Authors: Bellemare Marie , Montreuil Sylvie , Marier Micheline , Prévost Johane , Allard Denis
Published: July 2012

Cet article présente la démarche et l’évaluation d’une intervention participative fondée sur une formation dispensée auprès de groupes Ergo réunissant des cadres et des employés du secteur de la production de métal chaud. La formation portait d’abord sur le diagnostic ergonomique et puis sur la transformation des situations de travail. L’évaluation de type réaliste porte sur le processus et les résultats. Elle montre que la concrétisation des projets d’amélioration dans les usines implique certes des acquis relatifs à l’analyse du travail obtenus par la formation, mais aussi que les participants à la formation détiennent ou développent une connaissance riche des processus de conduite de projets — formels et informels — propres à l’usine.
Quelques réflexions sur un modèle social européen
Authors: Servais Jean-Michel
Published: July 2012

L’auteur livre quelques réflexions personnelles sur la spécificité de la réponse européenne à la question sociale telle qu’elle se pose aujourd’hui. Davantage qu’une émanation de la politique de l’Union européenne, il voit dans le modèle social européen un patrimoine commun aux peuples de l’Europe en matière d’emploi et de travail. Ce concept traduit une triple réalité : une régulation sociale fondée sur la concertation ; un régime élaboré de protection sociale et l’existence de services publics à finalité sociale, ainsi qu’un interventionnisme actif de l’État en matières industrielle, économique et sociale. Si ce modèle doit faire face à des critiques et à des difficultés, l’évolution semble davantage aller dans le sens de son adaptation que dans celui de sa disparition.
Négociation collective et régulation du marché du travail en Europe
Authors: Leonard Evelyne
Published: July 2012

Quel est le rôle de la négociation collective dans la régulation du marché du travail et comment ce rôle évolue-t-il dans le cadre de l’intégration européenne ? Cet article défend l’hypothèse selon laquelle ont récemment émergé dans les pays de l’Union européenne des formes originales de régulation conjointe du marché du travail. Il propose tout d’abord un cadre d’analyse des évolutions récentes en matière de négociations portant sur l’emploi en Europe, avant d’examiner les évolutions nationales. Il met ainsi en évidence la coexistence de divers modes de régulation conjointe du marché du travail dans le contexte européen, pour examiner en finale la nature de cette régulation et ses enjeux pour les relations professionnelles.
New Dawn or Bad Moon Rising?
Authors: Godard John
Published: July 2012

This article discusses the potential advantages of large scale, government administered workplace surveys and the limitations of these surveys in the past. It then reviews the 1995 AWIRS (Australia), the 1998 WERS (U.K.), and the 1999 WES (Canada) in accordance with how well they appear to have succeeded in overcoming these limitations, and, more generally, with their implications for the conduct of industrial relations (IR) research. It is argued that the 1995 AWIRS does not appreciably overcome the limitations of previous surveys. In contrast, the 1998 WERS has yielded a substantially higher quality data set, although it also does not completely overcome the limitations of its predecessors. Finally, the 1999 WES promises an even higher quality data set, but is primarily a labour market and productivity survey rather than an IR survey, and could even portend a “bad moon rising” for Canadian IR research.
The Erosion of the Country of Origin Effect
Authors: Hayden Annette , Edwards Tony
Published: July 2012

Over the last two decades, Swedish capital has undergone a rapid internationalization. This has presented a significant challenge to the distinctive nature of the Swedish economy in general and its employment relations system in particular. A key question arising is: to what extent, and in what ways, are Swedish multinationals influenced by the distinctiveness of the country of origin in the way they manage their international workforces? We investigate these issues through examination of data gathered from a mini-case study of a large Swedish multinational. We show how the firm has adopted practices experienced in its foreign operations and deployed these throughout the corporation. This process has eroded, though not removed, the influence of the Swedish system on employment relations in the multinational, with the British and American systems appearing to exert a growing influence. We explain the findings with reference to managerial perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of different “national business systems.”
L'État-providence, le droit social et la responsabilité
Authors: Borgetto Michel , Lafore Robert
Published: July 2012

Le droit social, forme juridique prise en France par l'État-providence, est apparu lors de sa fondation comme une alternative globale aux impasses du droit issu de la Révolution. Dans un contexte de développement de la société industrielle, les principes individualistes, égalitaires et consensualistes du modèle civiliste étaient en effet inopérants pour encadrer la situation faite aux travailleurs salariés. Le droit social a entendu substituer une logique distributive à la justice commutative du contrat et de la responsabilité. Aux mécanismes interindividuels, il a préféré un cadre collectif. En lieu et place de la logique formelle et descendante du droit civil, il a imposé une prise en compte concrète et matérielle des rapports sociaux pour en dégager des normes et des institutions praticables. Mais, loin de supplanter intégralement les cadres civilistes du droit, le droit social et ses institutions d'essence solidariste ont en réalité composé avec eux : certaines techniques du droit de la responsabilité ont été maintenues à la périphérie des institutions collectives du droit social. Le droit civil a même reconquis peu à peu une partie du terrain perdu au fur et à mesure qu'il se perfectionnait en liaison avec l'évolution de la société. Cette reconquête permet, en dernière analyse, de mieux saisir la place et la nature exactes du droit social au sein du système juridique français.
L'engagement politique des jeunes femmes au Québec : de la responsabilité au pouvoir d'agir pour un changement de société
Authors: Quéniart Anne , Jacques Julie
Published: July 2012

Cet article se propose de montrer que l'engagement politique de jeunes femmes militant au sein de partis politiques et de groupes féministes peut être lu comme une pratique de responsabilité. Chez elles en effet, l'engagement politique se vit d'abord comme obligation envers les autres, envers les institutions sociales. Il implique une responsabilité de citoyenne, un devoir de citoyen. L'engagement est également un pouvoir d'agir pour un changement de société, mettant en lumière la dimension prospective de la responsabilité. Enfin, l'engagement des jeunes femmes illustre l'émergence dans le champ politique de formes nouvelles de subjectivité, marquées par l'importance des convictions personnelles : par la passion plutôt que par une idéologie ou par l'adhésion en bloc à un parti.
Responsabilité et équité intergénérationnelles : débats actuels
Authors: Lefebvre Solange
Published: July 2012

Comment se pose la question de la responsabilité en lien avec l'enjeu intergénérationnel dans sa dimension socio-politique ? Le rapport aux autres générations paraît présentement impliquer à la fois une inquiétude et une responsabilité, en particulier au plan environnemental et de l'emploi. Quelques philosophes d'inspiration juive (Levinas, Jonas) aident à conjuguer inquiétude et responsabilité. Celles-ci s'inscrivent dans l'émergence d'une nouvelle conscience temporelle depuis le début de la crise environnementale. Le concept de responsabilité intergénérationnelle concerne surtout ce champ de réflexion et il affleure aussi dans les questions concernant l'équité intergénérationnelle depuis le début des années 1980, par exemple autour de l'emploi et de la dette publique. Certains exemples montrent que des clivages sociaux se créent en effet aussi entre générations, et non pas seulement entre les classes sociales et entre les sexes.
Les chômeurs sont-ils responsables de leur sort ?
Authors: Strobel Pierre
Published: July 2012

Alors que la mise en oeuvre du revenu minimum d'insertion s'était faite dans un certain consensus autour de la notion de « dette sociale » à l'égard des pauvres et des chômeurs de longue durée, la récente reprise économique a vu la parution de travaux d'analyse économique qui présentent le « non-emploi » comme un choix rationnel pour une majorité de bénéficiaires des minima sociaux. Autrement dit, après les États-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne, la France découvre la « trappe à chômage ». Cette critique déguisée des systèmes d'indemnisation du chômage, du revenu minimum et du salaire minimum repose sur la théorie des anticipations rationnelles, dont la formalisation mathématique permet d'isoler un facteur parmi d'autres (ici, par exemple, la question du rapport entre niveau de revenu et niveau d'activité). Or, l'analyse de populations bénéficiaires du revenu minimum d'insertion en France montre que le nombre de facteurs à prendre en considération est bien plus élevé que le seul niveau de revenu. Notamment, seul un petit noyau se trouve durablement hors de l'emploi et sans volonté d'en chercher, et l'accès à la prestation représente la plupart du temps une première étape vers la reprise d'activité. Il importe donc d'ouvrir le débat entre économistes et sociologues, et d'éviter de glisser trop rapidement de la catégorie d'analyse (l'anticipation rationnelle) à la catégorie morale (la responsabilité).
L'analyse différenciée selon les sexes au gouvernement du Québec : vers une mobilisation interne et des alliances stratégiques pour l'égalité
Authors: Massé Hélène , Laberge Michèle , Massé Ginette
Published: July 2012

Qu'est-ce que l'analyse différenciée selon les sexes au gouvernement du Québec ? Quel est le rôle des protagonistes du projet ? Pourquoi le gouvernement s'y est-il engagé ? Et quels sont les enjeux de cette approche qui vise à inscrire l'égalité entre les femmes et les hommes au coeur du processus décisionnel ? Voilà autant de questions auxquelles cet article s'intéresse en faisant ressortir l'importance de la volonté politique, de l'engagement et de la mobilisation du personnel de l'État, du processus organisationnel interne, de même que des alliances stratégiques avec le mouvement des femmes et d'autres groupes de la société civile dans l'atteinte de cet objectif d'égalité.