bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease infected human cerebral organoids retain the original human brain subtype features following transmission to humanized transgenic mice
Authors: Groveman Bradley R. , Race Brent , Foliaki Simote T. , Williams Katie , Hughson Andrew G. , Baune Chase , Zanusso Gianluigi , Haigh Cathryn L.
Published: February 2023

Human cerebral organoids (COs) are three-dimensional self-organizing cultures of cerebral brain tissue differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells. We have recently shown that COs are susceptible to infection with different subtypes of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) prions, which in humans cause different manifestations of the disease. The ability to study live human brain tissue infected with different CJD subtypes opens a wide array of possibilities from differentiating mechanisms of cell death and identifying neuronal selective vulnerabilities to testing therapeutics. However, the question remained as to whether the prions generated in the CO model truly represent those in the infecting inoculum. Mouse models expressing human prion protein are commonly used to characterize human prion disease as they reproduce many of the molecular and clinical phenotypes associated with CJD subtypes. We therefore inoculated these mice with COs that had been infected with two CJD subtypes (MV1 and MV2) to see if the original subtype characteristics (referred to as strains once transmitted into a model organism) of the infecting prions were maintained in the COs when compared with the original human brain inocula. We found that disease characteristics caused by the molecular subtype of the disease associated prion protein were similar in mice inoculated with either CO derived material or human brain material, demonstrating that the disease associated prions generated in COs shared strain characteristics with those in humans. As the first and only in vitro model of human neurodegenerative disease that can faithfully reproduce different subtypes of prion disease, these findings support the use of the CO model for investigating human prion diseases and their subtypes.
Extraction, structure characterization and biological activity of polysaccharide from coconut peel
Authors: Zhou Shiyang , Huang Gangliang
Published: February 2023

Taking coconut peel as raw material, the extraction process of coconut peel polysaccharide (CPP) was optimized by boiling water extraction. The coconut peel polysaccharide was characterized by UV, IR, SEM, 1D NMR and 2D NMR spectra. At the same time, the molecular weight and monosaccharide component were analyzed by gel chromatography and ion chromatography, respectively. Antioxidant activity of coconut peel polysaccharide and its derivatives in vitro was evaluated by scavenging ABTS and DPPH radicals and O2−·, and the anti HepG2 proliferation activity in vitro was also carried out. The results showed that the molecular weight of coconut peel polysaccharide was 1.20 × 105 Da, which was mainly composed of arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glu), xylose (Xyl) and galacturonic acid (Gal-A). The main chain structure of polysaccharides detected by 1D and 2D NMR spectrum was → 4)-α-D-Glcp (1 → . In vitro antioxidant test showed that coconut peel polysaccharide and its derivatives had a certain scavenging effect on ABTS and DPPH free radical and O2−·. With the increase of polysaccharide concentration, the scavenging ability was gradually increased. In addition, coconut peel polysaccharide and its derivatives showed significant antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cells in vitro.

Graphical Abstract
Machine-learning-assisted analysis of transition metal dichalcogenide thin-film growth
Authors: Kim Hyuk Jin , Chong Minsu , Rhee Tae Gyu , Khim Yeong Gwang , Jung Min-Hyoung , Kim Young-Min , Jeong Hu Young , Choi Byoung Ki , Chang Young Jun
Published: February 2023

In situ reflective high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is widely used to monitor the surface crystalline state during thin-film growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and pulsed laser deposition. With the recent development of machine learning (ML), ML-assisted analysis of RHEED videos aids in interpreting the complete RHEED data of oxide thin films. The quantitative analysis of RHEED data allows us to characterize and categorize the growth modes step by step, and extract hidden knowledge of the epitaxial film growth process. In this study, we employed the ML-assisted RHEED analysis method to investigate the growth of 2D thin films of transition metal dichalcogenides (ReSe2) on graphene substrates by MBE. Principal component analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering were used to separate statistically important patterns and visualize the trend of pattern evolution without any notable loss of information. Using the modified PCA, we could monitor the diffraction intensity of solely the ReSe2layers by filtering out the substrate contribution. These findings demonstrate that ML analysis can be successfully employed to examine and understand the film-growth dynamics of 2D materials. Further, the ML-based method can pave the way for the development of advanced real-time monitoring and autonomous material synthesis techniques.

Graphical Abstract
Gender gaps in grades versus grade penalties: why grade anomalies may be more detrimental for women aspiring for careers in biological sciences
Authors: Malespina Alysa , Singh Chandralekha
Published: February 2023

Background

In the US, bioscience programs now often have more women than men who earn degrees at all levels. Despite this, evidence still exists for gender inequity in bioscience and medical fields. For example, women with careers in these fields tend to get paid less and leave these fields more. Here, we present research investigating grade penalties. Grade penalties describe the difference between a students’ grade point average and grade in a particular course when a students’ grade in a class is lower than their grade point average (GPA). For example, a student has a grade penalty of 1 in a course if their GPA is 3.0 (B) and they receive a 2.0 (C) in the course. We hypothesize that grade penalties in these STEM courses can affect students’ STEM-related self-concept negatively with potentially long-term consequences, e.g., in students’ career choices. We investigated grade penalties in science courses for undergraduate students studying biosciences. We propose a framework that posits that students who receive grade penalties in a course may view themselves as less capable in that domain and that gender differences in grade penalties may be a useful measure of gender inequity in the classroom.

Results

In this study, we examined grade penalties of 2445 students majoring in biological science or closely related fields across many commonly taken courses, many of which were mandatory. We find that on average, students received grade penalties in the 12 most commonly taken science courses for biosciences students at our institution. We also find that women had more extreme grade penalties than men in seven of the 12 science classes we investigated.

Conclusions

The pattern of grade penalties found in this study across a range of courses may result in long-term consequences for students’ STEM self-concept. Furthermore, women’s decisions to pursue STEM careers may be affected more by the grade penalty received in required science courses than men’s at least partly, because their grade penalties are often larger. Finally, the grade penalty measure can be easily computed by institutions concerned with equity.
A measurement system toward to skill analysis of wall painting using a roller brush
Authors: Miyairi Kyosuke , Takase Yutaka , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Miyaguchi Mikita , Yamazaki Kimitoshi
Published: February 2023

In this study, we describe a measurement system aiming to skill analysis of wall painting work using a roller brush. Our proposed measurement system mainly comprises an RGB-D sensor and a roller brush with sensors attached. To achieve our requirements in understanding roller operation, we developed an algorithm that is suitable to estimate the roller part pose with high accuracy. We also show a method to generate a swept map that can be used for both visualization and evaluation. In the proof experiment, a dataset for actual painting work was collected using the proposed measurement system. Then, the dataset was analyzed, and the quality of the work was quantitatively evaluated by comparing skilled and unskilled persons.
Negotiated belonging in sub-state nationalist contexts: young adult migrant narratives in Scotland and South Tyrol
Authors: Carlà Andrea , Nicolson Marcus
Published: February 2023

This contribution investigates the intersection between macro-level political narratives on diversity and micro-level lived experience of social inclusion and everyday interaction. The case studies for analysis comprise of two regional sub-state nationalist contexts, Scotland and South Tyrol, Italy. Scotland is a nation state that defines itself vis-a-vis the rest of the UK and where a discourse has emerged that Scottish nationalism is both civic and inclusive. South Tyrol is an autonomous province in northern Italy which remains a liminal space between Austria and Italy and is presented as a model to protect minorities. We argue for developing a critical stance on diversity narratives identified in these two-regions. Based on in-depth narrative interviews with young adult migrants, we use an ontological security framework to examine the relationship between macro-narratives and micro-level lived experiences of everyday social interactions. Firstly, we address how macro-level national identity discourses manifest themselves in micro-level everyday interactions. Secondly, we look at how young adults interpret these narratives when retelling their everyday experiences, sometimes to the point of excluding their own experiences of discrimination. In this way, we trace the negotiation of belongingness in these two contexts.
Rethinking place-based gender relations in the new country: the case of tertiary level Syrian students in Istanbul
Authors: Karameşe Şeyma
Published: February 2023

This paper analyses the dynamic interactions between space and identity by focusing on Syrian students in Turkey. It specifically asks how their migration experiences differentially affect their place-based identities and relationships. I use an intersectional approach and add dimensions of space, time, and everydayness to capture the relationship between the agents (Syrian youth) and the structure (norms, values, and institutions). Drawing on participant observation and in-depth interviews with 30 men and women Syrian students in Istanbul, I show how Syrian students negotiate interactions in the public space, working life, and gender roles, as well as their sense of freedom in the new context. Nevertheless, the migration process does not create the same results for both genders, and expecting a total transformation is not realistic. Women are more eager to adapt themselves to change when they are compared to men respondents. Space-based organizational culture in the daily life of Istanbul contributes to this main difference. In this regard, with sociological imagination, this article draws attention to the role of geography, which in its essence examines temporality and spatiality, and which has been underestimated in migration studies.
Anesthetic management of a patient with methamphetamine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Oshita Kensuke , Tokuyama Shin , Jotaki Shosaburo , Yokomizo Michiko , Hiraki Teruyuki
Published: February 2023

Background

Methamphetamine abuse is a serious public health concern and causes various life-threatening disorders including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Herein, we present the first case report describing the anesthetic management of a patient with methamphetamine-associated PAH (M-A PAH) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Case presentation

A 34-year-old female with M-A PAH suffered from deterioration of right ventricular (RV) heart failure due to recurrent cholecystitis and was scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Preoperative assessment of PA pressure showed 82/32 (mean, 50) mmHg, and transthoracic echocardiology revealed a slight reduction of RV function. General anesthesia was induced and maintained by thiopental, remifentanil, sevoflurane, and rocuronium. PA pressure gradually increased after peritoneal insufflation; therefore, we administered dobutamine and nitroglycerin to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). The patient emerged from anesthesia smoothly.

Conclusions

Avoiding increased PVR by appropriate anesthesia and medical hemodynamic support is an important consideration for patients with M-A PAH.
Regime-dependent drivers of the EUR/CHF exchange rate
Authors: Kotlarz Piotr , Hanke Michael , Stöckl Sebastian
Published: February 2023

We analyze drivers of the EUR/CHF exchange rate in different regimes between 2000 and 2020. Structural breaks between these subperiods are estimated in an integrated way together with the drivers that are relevant during these subperiods. Overall, the main drivers of the exchange rate include European equity and volatility indices, interest rate and term structure slope differentials, as well as monetary policy interventions. For the “peg period” September 2011–January 2015, in addition to the observed exchange rate we also analyze the drivers of the latent exchange rate that could have been observed in the absence of the peg. Interestingly, the SNB’s foreign currency investments became a significant driver of the EUR/CHF exchange rate only after the end of the peg period when there was no longer an officially communicated target rate.
Value of cervical strain in ultrasound elastography as a predictor of spontaneous preterm delivery
Authors: Abdallah Yasmin Essam EL Din Mohamed , Mostafa Yassmen Hassan Ahmed , Gaafar Hassan Moustafa Ismaeil , Hegazy Rania Mohamed Abbas
Published: February 2023

Background

Cervical incompetence is a failure of the cervix to retain the products of conception throughout pregnancy, which results into cervical dilatation and preterm delivery. Many methods are conducted for early detection of cervical shortening, ripening and eventually dilatation to lessen the incidence of the preterm delivery, which is responsible for about 75% of neonatal comorbidities. Ultrasound plays an important role in the diagnosis and early detection of cervical incompetence. Elastography is a relatively new technique, which investigates into another important factor for cervical insufficiency which is “tissue stiffness”. The process of early cervical ripening, which is an important and main step in spontaneous preterm delivery, precedes cervical shortening and renders the human cervix soft which can be diagnosed through the color-coding method of the sonoelastography technique. The aim of this study is to determine the value of cervical elastography as a predictor of spontaneous preterm labor and validate the role of strain ratio in such technique.

Results

In our study, we examined the pregnant females by transvaginal conventional B-mode ultrasound and complementary elastography technique and recorded the elastography index of their cervix, internal os and external os together with measuring the amount of strain and strain ratio at internal and external os.

Conclusions

We concluded that women who had preterm delivery did have higher strain and elastography index as their cervices were softer than those who had full-term deliveries. Elastography therefore can be a reliable method for the prediction of preterm delivery.
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio as a reliable marker to predict pre-clinical retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: El-Tawab Sarah Sayed , Ibrahim Ibrahim Khalil , Megallaa Magdy Helmy , Mgeed Rania Mohamed Abdel , Elemary Wafaa Samir
Published: February 2023

Background

Diabetic retinopathy is now recognized as a neurovascular in lieu of a microvascular complication. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are greatly valuable in detecting early diabetic retinal functional changes before the occurrence of structural damage. Low-grade inflammation plays a fundamental part in the development and progression of retinopathy in diabetics. Detecting diabetic patients with early retinopathy before the occurrence of clinical symptoms provides a window of opportunity to ensure the best prognosis for these eyes. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has recently been introduced as a novel marker of inflammation in various diseases. Indeed, the presence of a cheap, available, and reliable marker of inflammation that is capable to detect pre-clinical diabetic retinopathy (P-DR) is crucial for early intervention to retard the progression of ocular damage. As far as we know no previous studies investigated the role of NLR in the detection of P-DR. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of prediction of NLR in detecting pre-clinical retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients.

Results

In this case–control study, VEPs results showed a significant delay in P100 latencies of the patients’ group compared to the control group. According to the VEPs results, the patient group was further subdivided into two: diabetic with VEPs changes (a group with P-DR) and diabetic without VEPs changes. NLR was significantly elevated in patients with P-DR (p < 0.001). NLR cut-off point ≥ 1.97 is able to predict P-DR with 89.29% sensitivity and 84.37% specificity. Linear regression model revealed that NLR is the only independent factor that predicts P-DR. (odds ratio 3.312; 95% confidence interval 1.262–8.696, p = 0.015*.

Conclusions

Visual evoked potentials have an important role to evaluate the visual pathway in diabetics and to diagnose pre-clinical diabetic retinopathy before the occurrence of structural damage. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio is a reliable marker for the detection of pre-clinical diabetic retinopathy with good sensitivity (89.29%) and specificity (84.37%). Finding a reliable available laboratory test to predict P-DR could be of help to save diabetic patients from serious ocular complications.
Converted PS-wave imaging based on offset vector tiles
Authors: Li Yingda , Lu Jun , Wang Yun , Zhang Yi , Wu Zhifang
Published: February 2023

Stacking using offset vector tiles (OVTs) is a technique used to simultaneously retain the offset and azimuth information in a wide-azimuth seismic survey by building minimal data sets of underground homogeneous illumination. Currently, derived from the assumption that reflection points and common midpoints are in the same lateral location because the raypath is symmetric, PP-wave OVT processing has been widely applied to seismic imaging and offset and/or azimuth analysis. However, it is difficult to directly apply the PP-wave OVT gathering method to the PS wave because the PS-wave raypath is asymmetric and the conversion point varies with depth. To solve this problem, we have developed an improved PS-wave OVT imaging technique based on the precise conversion point calculation and the equivalent converted-wave hypothesis, in which the PS-wave OVT gather with homogeneous illumination can be obtained in a manner similar to the PP wave. Moreover, to further improve the imaging quality, an azimuthal anisotropic normal moveout is applied to correct the traveltime difference. With tests of synthetic and field data, it can be concluded that our method represents a new and feasible solution for PS-wave OVT gathering.
Gestational iron deficiency affects the ratio between interneuron subtypes in the postnatal cerebral cortex in mice
Authors: Rudy Michael J. , Salois Garrick , Cubello Janine , Newell Robert , Mayer-Proschel Margot
Published: February 2023

Gestational iron deficiency (gID) is highly prevalent and associated with an increased risk of intellectual and developmental disabilities in affected individuals that are often defined by a disrupted balance of excitation and inhibition (E/I) in the brain. Using a nutritional mouse model of gID, we previously demonstrated a shift in the E/I balance towards increased inhibition in the brains of gID offspring that was refractory to postnatal iron supplementation. We thus tested whether gID affects embryonic progenitor cells that are fated towards inhibitory interneurons. We quantified relevant cell populations during embryonic inhibitory neuron specification and found an increase in the proliferation of Nkx2.1+ interneuron progenitors in the embryonic medial ganglionic eminence at E14 that was associated with increased Shh signaling in gID animals at E12. When we quantified the number of mature inhibitory interneurons that are known to originate from the MGE, we found a persistent disruption of differentiated interneuron subtypes in early adulthood. Our data identify a cellular target that links gID with a disruption of cortical interneurons which play a major role in the establishment of the E/I balance.
Mallard landing behavior on water follows a -constant braking strategy
Authors: Whitehead John G. , Worrell Terrell , Socha John J.
Published: February 2023

Many flying animals use optic flow to control their flight. During landing maneuvers, pigeons, hummingbirds, bats, Draco lizards and bees use the -constant braking strategy. This strategy regulates the approach by keeping the ratio of distance to an object and the rate of change of that distance constant. In keeping this ratio, , constant, a variety of deceleration profiles can lead to different collision avoidance behaviors. The landing behaviors listed above all qualify as controlled collisions, where the animal is decelerating into the object. We examined whether the same regulatory strategy is employed by mallards when landing on water. Video of mallard landing behavior was recorded at a local pond and digitized. Kinematic and τ parameters were calculated for each landing (N=177). The Pearson correlation coefficient for τ with respect to time to land was 0.99±0.02, indicating mallards employ a controlled-collision strategy. This result implies regulation by the birds to fix as constant while landing (on average, 0.90±0.13). In comparison with other active flyers, mallards use a higher value of when landing (0.775±0.109, 0.710±0.132 and 0.702±0.052 for pigeons, hummingbirds and bats, respectively). This higher may reflect physical differences in substrate from solid to liquid. The higher compliance of water in comparison to a solid substrate may reduce impact forces that could be injurious on a solid substrate, thereby enabling mallards to approach faster and expend less energy for costly, slow flight.
An ultrasound-absorbing inflorescence zone enhances echo-acoustic contrast of bat-pollinated cactus flowers
Authors: Simon Ralph , Matt Felix , Santillán Vinicio , Tschapka Marco , Tuttle Merlin , Halfwerk Wouter
Published: February 2023

Flowering plants have evolved an extraordinary variety of signalling traits to attract their pollinators. Most flowers rely on visual and chemical signals, but some bat-pollinated plants have evolved passive acoustic floral signals. All known acoustic flower signals rely on the same principle of increased sonar reflectivity. Here, we describe a novel mechanism that relies on increased absorption of the area surrounding the flower. In a bat-pollinated cactus (Espostoa frutescens) we found a hairy inflorescence zone, a so-called cephalium. Flowers solely emerge out of this zone. We measured the echoes of cephalia, flowers and unspecialized column surfaces and recorded echolocation calls of approaching bats. We found that the cephalium acts as a strong ultrasound absorber, attenuating the sound by −14 dB. The absorption was highest around the echolocation call frequencies of approaching bats. Our results indicate that, instead of making flowers more reflective, plants can also evolve structures to attenuate the background echo, thereby enhancing the acoustic contrast with the target.
Crows protect visual working memory against interference
Authors: Wagener Lysann , Rinnert Paul , Veit Lena , Nieder Andreas
Published: February 2023

Working memory, the ability to actively maintain and manipulate information across time, is key to intelligent behavior. Because of the limited capacity of working memory, relevant information needs to be protected against distracting representations. Whether birds can resist distractors and safeguard memorized relevant information is unclear. We trained carrion crows in a delayed match-to-sample task to memorize an image while resisting other, interfering stimuli. We found that the repetition of the sample stimulus during the memory delay improved performance accuracy and accelerated reaction time relative to a reference condition with a neutral interfering stimulus. In contrast, the presentation of the image that constituted the subsequent non-match test stimulus mildly weakened performance. However, the crows' robust performance in this most demanding distractor condition indicates that sample information was actively protected from being overwritten by the distractor. These data show that crows can cognitively control and safeguard behaviorally relevant working memory contents.
Tracking Body Composition Change with Weight Loss by BIA and DXA in Female Adolescent Runners: A Validation Study
Authors: Uchiyama Eriko , Kinoshita Norimitsu , Okuyama Kenta
Published: February 2023

Introduction/Purpose

Monitoring percent body fat (%fat) is important for optimizing nutrition for balanced health and performance in adolescent female runners. We studied the effectiveness of segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (S-MFBIA) for tracking seasonal changes in body composition among competitive female adolescent runners.

Methods

We compared the body compositions of 25 female runners (15.0 ± 0.2 yr old) analyzed using S-MFBIA, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference, in preparatory (PRE) and competitive (CMP) seasons. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to calculate associations between S-MFBIA and DXA. Pairedt-test was used to compare PRE with CMP. Alpha level was corrected to 0.0023 using the Bonferroni method. Bland–Altman analysis was used to evaluate agreement between the methods.

Results

The runners gained a significant amount of fat-free mass (FFM) but lost %fat and weight from PRE to CMP (37.3–39.1 kg, 19.7%–12.7%, and 47.1–44.8 kg, respectively). Body composition variables measured by S-MFBIA and DXA were significantly correlated (r= 0.61–0.96) with respect to PRE, CMP, and longitudinal changes from PRE to CMP. S-MFBIA underestimated %fat (−1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), −2.7 to −0.7 percentage points (pp)) and fat mass (FM; −0.7; 95% CI, −1.2 to −0.3 kg), but overestimated FFM (1.1; 95% CI, 0.6 to 1.5 kg) against DXA in PRE. No systematic errors were detected in CMP. In longitudinal evaluation, S-MFBIA underestimated decreases in %fat (1.2; 95% CI, 0.3 to 2.1 pp) and FM (0.5; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9 kg) and increases in FFM (−1.0; 95% CI, −1.4 to −0.6 kg). The limits of agreement were −3.0 to 5.4 pp, −1.4 to 2.4 kg, and −3.0 to 1.0 kg, respectively.

Conclusions

Although small systematic errors might not hinder the use of S-MFBIA for group-based analysis, large random errors relative to the size of measurement limit its ability to accurately monitor the individual body composition of competitive female adolescent runners over a weight loss period.
The genome sequence of the Yellow-line Quaker, Agrochola macilenta (Hubner, 1809)
Authors: Boyes Douglas ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Boyes Clare ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Agrochola macilenta (the Yellow-line Quaker; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 683 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.4 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,769 protein coding genes.
DYNAMICS OF CHEMICALS IN RIVER BOTTOM SEDIMENTS ON THE TERRITORIES IMPACTED BY THE OIL INDUSTRY
Authors: Aleksandrova Viktoria V. , Ivanov Vyacheslav B. , Tsyganova Vladislavna I.
Published: February 2023

Background. Two thirds of all oil reserves of the Russian Federation are concentrated on the territory of Western Siberia. Field work, production and distribution of petroleum products at the oil and gas field are the main reasons for the negative impact on the ecosystems of the northern territories.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the chemical pollution dynamics of the rivers’ bottom sediments in the Middle Ob region, the region of the Samotlor field.

Materials and methods. Based on the chemical analysis of the sediment samples, concentrations and total values of the following chemical elements were determined: manganese, copper, nickel, lead, chromium, zinc, iron sulfate ions, chloride ions, petroleum products, mercury. Based on the results of long-term studies of the chemical analysis dynamics of the bottom sediments in the Ob, Agan, and Vakh rivers, a correlation and regression analysis of the studied indicators was carried out.

Results. The results of the correlation analysis suggest the existence of negative and positive correlations in the studied indicators. Regression analysis of the migration of chemical elements in sediment samples during the study period shows significant fluctuations in the total concentration of chemical elements in sediments, but there is a general tendency to decrease their concentration in sediments.

Conclusion. Analyzing the ecological state of the studied rivers by the quality of bottom sediments, in general, we can conclude that they are in stable condition. During the study period, there has been a positive dynamics in the concentration of chemical elements in bottom sediments.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CEREBRAL ENERGY METABOLISM IN ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH IMPAIRED COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS
Authors: Lisova Nadezhda A. , Chereneva Elena A. , Shilov Sergey N. , Nikiforova Nadezhda V.
Published: February 2023

Background. In old age, there is a change in personality, behavior and the rate of cognitive processes due to age-related changes in the central nervous system. Therefore, there is a need to identify those neurophysiological predictors that may indicate the development of pathology or indicate normal aging.

Purpose. Investigate the features of cerebral energy metabolism in elderly people (60+) with cognitive impairments of varying severity.

Materials and methods. The study involved 30 people aged 60 to 85 years with mild and pronounced manifestations of cognitive impairment. The study of the level of cognitive decline was conducted using the Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (MoCA). To identify the level of neurometabolic activity of the brain, the method of neuroenergocarting (NEC) was used. The levels of brain activation and functional state were determined by the method of dynamic omegametry.

Results. In the group of people with moderate cognitive impairments, there was exceeding the level of constant potentials of the brain by 2-3 times compared with the normative values, a rigid reaction to the load, a delayed recovery of indicators in the post-loading period. It can be concluded that all patients have hypoxic changes accompanied by acidification of brain tissue and oxidative stress. In the group with severe cognitive deficits, there is a general decrease in neuroenergy exchange and activation of the cerebral cortex, which indicates the depletion of the reserve adaptive mechanisms of the nervous system.

Conclusion. Thus, pronounced changes in indicators of neurometabolism and brain activity were revealed in elderly people with a decrease in cognitive functions. The data obtained can be used to diagnose the initial manifestations of dementia in old age and to develop therapeutic and preventive measures.
PARTICULAR FEATURES OF ROOT CANAL FILLING IN TEETH WITH RESORBED APICAL OPENING NEAR THE MANDIBULAR CANAL
Authors: Marugina Tatyana L. , Kiprin Dmitry V. , Levenets Anatolij A. , Cherevatenko Anna I.
Published: February 2023

When filling root canals of teeth with apical resorption near the mandibular canal, there is a risk that the material will go beyond the apex into the region of mandibular canal, which can lead to serious damage to the innervation of this area. In most cases, modern approaches and technologies in endodontics allow to achieve the formation of dentinal plug in the resorption area, thus minimizing the risk of traumatization of the patient.

Background. Improving efficiency of endodontic treatment of teeth with apical resorption in the region of mandibular canal.

Materials and methods. 56 patients aged between 18 and 45 years were examined. All patients had clinical signs of mandibular endodontic treatment failure with a dark radiolucent focus in the region of the apex, which bordered the mandibular canal. Radiological indicators and quality of obturation were assessed on the basis of CBCT, the presence of dentinal bridge was assessed visually using a dental microscope and an apical hermetic test. The results were evaluated after 4, 6, 12, and 24 months.

Results. After 16 weeks of treatment, more than 70% of apical barrier formation occurred in groups 1 and 2, which allowed us to perform a quality permanent obturation without excessive risks of complications.

Conclusion. The use of a dental microscope in conjunction with modern endodontic techniques in the treatment of teeth with apical resorption can significantly reduce the treatment time, thereby improving the quality of treatment of patients with this pathology.
SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF TERRITORIES ASIAN RUSSIA
Authors: Ivanova Sembrika N. , Tulohonov Arnold K.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. In the regions of Asian Russia, there are problems and contradictions in the development of the social sphere, differentiation of urban and rural settlements in terms of infrastructure provision, transport accessibility. Achieving social sustainability of the territories of Asian Russia is the most important condition for the long-term crisis-free development of these territories, maintaining national security and ensuring the national interests of the country.

Purpose of the study was to develop and test a methodology for assessing the social sustainability of territories, which is both able to present a holistic vision of the situation, and on the other hand, to detail the key problems in terms of their spatial localization.

Materials and methods. The material for the article was the statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service for 27 territories of Asian Russia. The author’s methodology is based on the calculation of integral indices of social sustainability and involves ranking territories according to the availability of social infrastructure services, social security and the quality of the social environment.

Results. The regions were differentiated according to the integral index of social stability, the purchasing power of wages and GRP per capita. The results of the study showed that, in general, for the regions of North Asia, it is necessary to determine the following as development priorities: health care, the labor market and the security of the social environment, material well-being and demographic development.

The main conclusions and recommendations can be used by various legislative and executive authorities in improving the system for a comprehensive assessment of social sustainability and in developing programs for the socio-economic development of the regions of Asian Russia.
STATE OF REGULATORY MECHANISMS AND VASCULAR PARAMETERS OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS OF NORTHERN UNIVERSITY WITH DIFFERENT LEVEL OF ADAPTATION RESERVES
Authors: Govorukhina Alyona A. , Novoselova Anna A. , Malkov Oleg A.
Published: February 2023

The study of the autonomic nervous system parameters and assessment of the adaptive reserves of the students’ organism allows to determine the key markers of changes in the functioning of the cardiovascular system at the prenosological level.

Objective. To estimate regulatory mechanisms and state of vascular system of 1st year students depending on the level of adaptive reserves.

Materials and methods. The total number of 245 freshmen of Surgut State Pedagogical University was examined: 18.3±0.33 years old on average. Heart rate variability at rest and during orthostatic test were measured by cardiointervalography (“VNS-spectrum”, Neurosoft company). We used hardware-software complex “Angioscan-01P” to assess the state of vascular bed. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using Statistica 10.0 program.

Results. The results showed that during the active orthostatic test the number of intersex differences in the comparison groups significantly decreased in comparison with the background recording. The parameters describing the state of the vascular bed were the following: central pressure value, vascular age and stress level depending on the level of adaptive reserves.

Conclusion. The adaptation reserves of the organism of 1st year students of the Northern HEI determine the regulatory features of male and female students as well as the value of vascular tone and the age of the vascular system.
Imiona ‒ dziedzictwo kultury
Authors: Jakubowska Sabina
Published: February 2023

The study analyses historical and contemporary motivation behind given names in Polish local communities as reflected in the parish of Jadowniki in Małopolska (1784–2005). The work combines historical, linguistic, anthropological and cultural issues. Part I considers given names from a linguistic and cultural point of view: their history, their motivation, the anthropological interpretation of anthroponymic customs, and the act of naming from the philosophical perspective of idealism. Part II looks at given names used in Jadowniki from a chronological and geographical angle. The discussion begins with the earliest sources, but focuses on variation in anthroponymy in the years 1784–2005 as attested in baptismal records, taking into consideration polyonymy, the characteristics of the corpus of names, and, from a wider perspective, analogies from other local communities. Part III discusses factors contributing to the variation in terms of motivation behind given names in Jadowniki: its diversity; aspects related to religion, family and microhistory; and the influence of tradition, national consciousness, stereotypes, fashion, individual needs and emotions. The issue of consistency is also discussed in relation to naming twins. The study features an etymological and motivational dictionary of names used in Jadowniki. The conclusions support the claims that names are a testimony of human existence, and a cultural symbol and heritage, while also characterizing society and its changes.
Evaluation and Improvement of Chocolate Bar Production at CV. XYZ Factory
Authors: Larasati Widya , Rahayu Wahidah Mahanani , Nurrohmah Beta Achromi
Published: February 2023

CV. XYZ is a chocolate bar industry in Yogyakarta. The Village community carries out the industry. It creates cocoa product innovation from upstream to downstream products. This research contributes to evaluating the chocolate tempering to determine the fat content of the chocolate bar obtained. The proper tempering techniques and defect evaluation are conducted to determine the reasons for defects in chocolate bars. Good chocolate characteristics consist of the chocolate bar, such as being quickly released from the cast/not sticky, obtaining a glossy/glossy surface on the chocolate bar, being hard and crunchy when broken, and being resistant to melt at room temperature. The standard for the tempering process is set by CV. XYZ produces chocolate bars from the tempering process to produce chocolate bars with shiny/glossy look and crunchy.
Analysis of Almond Milk Quality at ABC SMEs Yogyakarta
Authors: Yasmin Annisa , Rahmadhia Safinta Nurindra , Putri Soraya Kusuma
Published: February 2023

Milk is a secretion from mammals that has a function as a source of nutrition. The presence of lactose in milk causes some to be deprived of milk because of lactose allergies. Dairy product for those who are allergic to milk is to consume vegetable milk, such as almond milk. The almond milk produced by Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) ABC is raw almond milk, which have short shelf life. Quality analysis is a step made to achieve and maintain the desired standards of taste, odour, color and texture. This study contribution to investigate the quality of almond milk after five days of storage. In MSME ABC, quality analysis is done by sensory test and compared with the quality standards set by MSME ABC. The quality of the almond milk analysis takes five days, with three different batches. Data retrieval methods conducted with secondary and primary data. After analysis, obtained data of almond milk on day 5 of storage was devalued. The conclusion of the observations made is that almond milk changes in flavor, color, scent and texture parameters after 5 days of storage.
Evaluation of Halal Assurance System on Goat Milk Products in OPQ MSMEs, Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Wulandari Septiana Wahyu , Sirajuddin Muhammad Mar’ie , Qui Nguyen Hoang
Published: February 2023

OPQ MSMEs is an industry engaged in processed products derived from fresh Etawa goat's milk, namely powdered goat's milk and caramel candy. Evaluation of halal assurance system based on the HAS 23101 standard was done to maintain the sustainability of the halal process, in accordance with the provisions of LPPOM MUI. The purpose of this research is to analyze the conformity of halal assurance system on powdered goat milk products at MSMEs OPQ. The method used in analyzing the problem is interview, literature study, documentation and participatory methods. The results showed that the implementation of the halal assurance system was quite appropriate, but there were several things need to be improved, especially halal policy section, halal management team, training and education, internal audit and management review. Obstacle experienced by MSMES OPQ in extending the halal certificate was hindered by the renewal regulation which has now moved from MUI to BPJH, therefore MSMES OPQ has not yet received the latest information.
Quality Control Analysis of Carica Products Based on Sugar Content Parameters in PT AHA, Central Java
Authors: Mardiyanti Nurul , Juwitaningtyas Titisari , Metaragakusuma Andi Patiware
Published: February 2023

PT AHA is a manufacturing industry company engaged in the processing of carica fruit food in the form of candied syrup (carica in syrup). On PT AHA every day will be carried out quality control to control the quality of carica in syrup. This study contributes to investigating the sugar content of carica in syrup. The sugar level was analyzed using a refractometer, dropper pipette, and toothpick, then the data obtained was analyzed using the SPC method (Statistical Process Control) and this test was carried out for 19 days. The results showed that there were 4 product samples outside the quality control limits, namely day 1 (22.1% Brix), day 6 (21.8% Brix), day 9 (18.3% Brix) and day 13(22.0 %Brix). Only 1 sample is found that exceeds the quality control limit, namely on day 1, while the others are still under control. The difference in sugar content in carica products is possible because when entering sugar using a manual scale, errors can occur when reading the weight.
Traditional literature review: investigation of rhodamine b on street foods and sauce products in Indonesia
Authors: Agsari Aulia Dwi , Guntarti Any
Published: February 2023

Food is one of the most important basic human needs for growth and development. Generally, the types of food cater to tastes and look attractive. To make it look attractive and have good taste is usually added with food additives. The food products with the most coloring added are street foods, red sauces, and rainbow cakes that children love. Rhodamine B is a prohibited coloring agent and is not present in food because, for a long time, it will cause liver damage, tumors, and cancer. Therefore, an article review was conducted to determine the levels and methods that can be used to analyze Rhodamine B from several research journals that have been conducted. The literature review method uses the following keywords or terms and strategies: "analysis" AND "rhodamine B" AND "food" OR "chili sauce" for searches on PubMed and Science Direct, while Google Scholar uses the keywords "Analysis, Rhodamine B, makanan, Sauce." And the inclusion criteria used were: (1) research articles in the form of journals published in the last ten years (2010-2020), using both English and Indonesian, full text; (2) Articles that discuss the analysis of Rhodamine B in snack foods and sauces located in Indonesia; (3) proved to be positive for Rhodamine B. The results of the reviewed articles showed that there was still Rhodamine B content in snack foods and sauces used by traders. The analytical methods used for identification were TLC, color detection with wool yarn, Rhodamine B Rapit-test Kit, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and Gravimetry. The highest levels of Rhodamine B were found at 194 ppm in tomato sauce. The review of articles that have been conducted shows that there is still Rhodamine B found in snack foods and sauces by traders, which can be harmful to health in the long and short term.
PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF TOKOH EMMANUEL DALAM KINDERROMAN DIE GESCHICHTEN VON DER GESCHICHTE VOM PINGUIN KARYA CHRISTINE NÖSTLINGER
Authors: Khairunnisa Jasmine , Nurdiawan Indra
Published: February 2023

This study aims to examine the level of cognitive development and elaborate the factors that influence the level of cognitive development of the figure of Emanuel in the romance Die Geschichten von der Geschichte vom Pinguin by Christine Nöstlinger using Vygotsky's theory of the level of cognitive development. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research that uses a literary psychology approach. Meanwhile, the instrument in this study is the researcher himself (human instruman). Data collection techniques are carried out by the literature study method and the validity of the data is carried out by validity tests and reliability tests. The results showed that there were two stages of cognitive development experienced by Emanuel's character in Kinderroman Die Geschichten von der Geschichte vom Pinguin, namely the actual developmental stage and the potential developmental stage. The actual stage of development is shown by the way Emanuel's character solves his problems independently, namely being able to deal with penguins independently and find solutions to each problem he faces. The potential stage of development is shown in the way Emanuel's character solves problems with the guidance of adults, namely the characters Emma and Malwine.  Meanwhile, the factors that influence the level of cognitive development of Emanuel's character found in the romance Die Geschichten von der Geschichte vom Pinguin are family atmosphere factors, family economic conditions factors and social environment factors.