bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing stratospheric transport in the CMAM30 simulations using ACE-FTS measurements
Authors: Kolonjari Felicia , Plummer David A. , Walker Kaley A. , Boone Chris D. , Elkins James W. , Hegglin Michaela I. , Manney Gloria L. , Moore Fred L. , Pendlebury Diane , Ray Eric A. , Rosenlof Karen H. , Stiller Gabriele P.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Stratospheric transport in global circulation models and chemistry–climate
models is an important component in simulating the recovery of the ozone
layer as well as changes in the climate system. The Brewer–Dobson
circulation is not well constrained by observations and further investigation
is required to resolve uncertainties related to the mechanisms driving the
circulation. This study has assessed the specified dynamics mode of the
Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM30) by comparing to the Atmospheric
Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS) profile
measurements of CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2), and N2O.
In the CMAM30 specified dynamics simulation, the meteorological fields are
nudged using the ERA-Interim reanalysis and a specified tracer was employed
for each species, with hemispherically defined surface measurements used as
the boundary condition. A comprehensive sampling technique along the line of
sight of the ACE-FTS measurements has been utilized to allow for direct
comparisons between the simulated and measured tracer concentrations. The
model consistently overpredicts tracer concentrations of CFC-11, CFC-12, and
N2O in the lower stratosphere, particularly in the northern hemispheric
winter and spring seasons. The three mixing barriers investigated, including
the polar vortex, the extratropical tropopause, and the tropical pipe, show
that there are significant inconsistencies between the measurements and the
simulations. In particular, the CMAM30 simulation underpredicts mixing
efficiency in the tropical lower stratosphere during the
June–July–August season.
Intercontinental transport of biomass burning pollutants over the Mediterranean Basin during the summer 2014 ChArMEx-GLAM airborne campaign
Authors: Brocchi Vanessa , Krysztofiak Gisèle , Catoire Valéry , Guth Jonathan , Marécal Virginie , Zbinden Régina , El Amraoui Laaziz , Dulac François , Ricaud Philippe
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Gradient in Longitude of Atmospheric constituents above the Mediterranean
basin (GLAM) campaign was set up in August 2014, as part of the
Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) project. This campaign
aimed to study the chemical variability of gaseous pollutants and aerosols
in the troposphere along a west–east transect above the Mediterranean Basin
(MB). In the present work, we focus on two biomass burning events detected at
5.4 and 9.7 km altitude above sea level (a.s.l.) over Sardinia (from
39∘12′ N–9∘15′ E to
35∘35′ N–12∘35′ E and at
39∘30′ N–8∘25′ E, respectively). Concentration
variations in trace gas carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and aerosols
were measured thanks to the standard instruments on board the Falcon 20
aircraft operated by the Service des Avions Français Instrumentés
pour la Recherche en Environnement (SAFIRE) and the Spectromètre
InfraRouge In situ Toute Altitude (SPIRIT) developed by LPC2E. Twenty-day
backward trajectories with Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART
(FLEXible PARTicle) help to understand the transport processes and the origin
of the emissions that contributed to this pollution detected above
Sardinia. Biomass burning emissions came (i) on 10 August from the North
American continent with air masses transported during 5 days before arriving
over the MB, and (ii) on 6 August from Siberia, with air masses travelling
during 12 days and enriched in fire emission products above Canada 5 days
before arriving over the MB. In combination with the Global Fire Assimilation
System (GFAS) inventory and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(MODIS) satellite fire locations, FLEXPART reproduces well the contribution
of those fires to CO and aerosols enhancements under adjustments of the
injection height to 10 km in both cases and application of an amplification
factor of 2 on CO GFAS emissions for the 10 August event. The chemistry
transport model (CTM) MOCAGE is used as a complementary tool for the case of
6 August to confirm the origin of the emissions by tracing the CO global
atmospheric composition reaching the MB. For this event, both models agree on
the origin of air masses with CO concentrations simulated with MOCAGE lower
than the observed ones, likely caused by the coarse model horizontal
resolution that yields the dilution of the emissions and diffusion during
transport. In combination with wind fields, the analysis of the transport of
the air mass documented on 6 August suggests the subsidence of CO pollution
from Siberia towards North America and then a transport to the MB via fast
jet winds located at around 5.5 km in altitude. Finally, using the ratio
ΔO3 ∕ ΔCO, the plume age can be estimated and the
production of O3 during the transport of the air mass is studied using
the MOCAGE model.
Using different assumptions of aerosol mixing state and chemical composition to predict CCN concentrations based on field measurements in urban Beijing
Authors: Ren Jingye , Zhang Fang , Wang Yuying , Collins Don , Fan Xinxin , Jin Xiaoai , Xu Weiqi , Sun Yele , Cribb Maureen , Li Zhanqing
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Understanding the impacts of aerosol chemical composition and mixing state on
cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity in polluted areas is crucial for
accurately predicting CCN number concentrations (NCCN). In
this study, we predict NCCN under five assumed schemes of aerosol
chemical composition and mixing state based on field measurements in Beijing
during the winter of 2016. Our results show that the best closure is achieved
with the assumption of size dependent chemical composition for which
sulfate, nitrate, secondary organic aerosols, and aged black carbon are
internally mixed with each other but externally mixed with primary organic
aerosol and fresh black carbon (external–internal size-resolved, abbreviated
as EI–SR scheme). The resulting ratios of predicted-to-measured
NCCN (RCCN_p∕m) were 0.90 – 0.98 under both clean and
polluted conditions. Assumption of an internal mixture and bulk chemical
composition (INT–BK scheme) shows good closure with RCCN_p∕m
of 1.0 –1.16 under clean conditions, implying that it is adequate for CCN
prediction in continental clean regions. On polluted days, assuming the
aerosol is internally mixed and has a chemical composition that is size
dependent (INT–SR scheme) achieves better closure than the INT–BK scheme due
to the heterogeneity and variation in particle composition at different
sizes. The improved closure achieved using the EI–SR and INT–SR assumptions
highlight the importance of measuring size-resolved chemical composition for
CCN predictions in polluted regions. NCCN is significantly
underestimated (with RCCN_p∕m of 0.66 – 0.75) when using the
schemes of external mixtures with bulk (EXT–BK scheme) or size-resolved
composition (EXT–SR scheme), implying that primary particles experience rapid
aging and physical mixing processes in urban Beijing. However, our results
show that the aerosol mixing state plays a minor role in CCN prediction when
the κorg exceeds 0.1.
“Diffusion” region of magnetic reconnection: electron orbits and the phase space mixing
Authors: Kropotkin Alexey P.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The nonlinear dynamics of electrons in the vicinity of magnetic
field neutral lines during magnetic reconnection, deep inside the
“diffusion” region where the electron motion is nonadiabatic, has been
numerically analyzed. Test particle orbits are examined in that vicinity, for
a prescribed planar two-dimensional magnetic field configuration and with a
prescribed uniform electric field in the neutral line direction. On electron
orbits, a strong particle acceleration occurs due to the reconnection
electric field. Local instability of orbits in the neighborhood of the
neutral line is pointed out. It combines with finiteness of orbits due to
particle trapping by the magnetic field, and this should lead to the effect
of mixing in the phase space, and the appearance of dynamical chaos. The
latter may presumably be viewed as a mechanism producing finite
“conductivity” in collisionless plasma near the neutral line. That
conductivity is necessary to provide violation of the magnetic field
frozen-in condition, i.e., for magnetic reconnection to occur in that region. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (plasma sheet)
A Bayesian ensemble data assimilation to constrain model parameters and land-use carbon emissions
Authors: Lienert Sebastian , Joos Fortunat
Published: May 2018

Abstract. A dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) is applied in a probabilistic framework and benchmarking system to constrain uncertain model parameters by observations and to quantify carbon emissions from land-use and land-cover change (LULCC). Processes featured in DGVMs include parameters which are prone to substantial uncertainty. To cope with these uncertainties Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) is used to create a 1000-member perturbed parameter ensemble, which is then evaluated with a diverse set of global and spatiotemporally resolved observational constraints. We discuss the performance of the constrained ensemble and use it to formulate a new best-guess version of the model (LPX-Bern v1.4). The observationally constrained ensemble is used to investigate historical emissions due to LULCC (ELUC) and their sensitivity to model parametrization. We find a global ELUC estimate of 158 (108, 211) PgC (median and 90 % confidence interval) between 1800 and 2016. We compare ELUC to other estimates both globally and regionally. Spatial patterns are investigated and estimates of ELUC of the 10 countries with the largest contribution to the flux over the historical period are reported. We consider model versions with and without additional land-use processes (shifting cultivation and wood harvest) and find that the difference in global ELUC is on the same order of magnitude as parameter-induced uncertainty and in some cases could potentially even be offset with appropriate parameter choice.
Distinctive effects of allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter on CDOM spectra in a tropical lake
Authors: Brandão Luciana Pena Mello , Brighenti Ludmila Silva , Staehr Peter Anton , Asmala Eero , Massicotte Philippe , Tonetta Denise , Barbosa Francisco Antônio Rodrigues , Pujoni Diego , Bezerra-Neto José Fernandes
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Despite the increasing understanding about differences in carbon cycling between temperate and tropical freshwater systems, our knowledge on the importance of organic matter (OM) pools on light absorption properties in tropical lakes is very scarce. We performed a factorial mesocosm experiment in a tropical lake (Minas Gerais, Brazil) to evaluate the effects of increased concentrations of allochthonous and autochthonous OM, and differences in light availability on the light absorption characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Autochthonous OM deriving from phytoplankton ( ∼  Chl a) was stimulated by addition of nutrients, while OM from degradation of terrestrial leaves increased allochthonous OM, and neutral shading was used to manipulate light availability. Effects of the additions and shading on DOC, Chl a, nutrients, total suspended solid concentrations (TSM) and spectral CDOM absorption were monitored every 3 days. CDOM quality was characterized by spectral indices (S250–450, S275–295, S350–450, SR and SUVA254). Effects of carbon sources and shading on the spectral CDOM absorption was investigated through principal component (PCA) and redundancy (RDA) analyses. The two different OM sources affected CDOM quality very differently and shading had minor effects on OM levels, but significant effects on OM quality, especially in combination with nutrient additions. Spectral indices (S250–450 and SR) were mostly affected by allochthonous OM addition. The PCA showed that enrichment by allochthonous carbon had a strong effect on the CDOM spectra in the range between 300 and 400 nm, while the increase in autochthonous carbon increased absorption at wavelengths below 350 nm. Our study shows that small inputs of allochthonous OM can have large effects on the spectral light absorption compared to large production of autochthonous OM, with important implications for carbon cycling in tropical lakes.
Nutrient availability and the ultimate control of the biological carbon pump in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Moutin Thierry , Wagener Thibaut , Caffin Mathieu , Fumenia Alain , Gimenez Audrey , Baklouti Melika , Bouruet-Aubertot Pascale , Pujo-Pay Mireille , Leblanc Karine , Lefevre Dominique , Helias Nunige Sandra , Leblond Nathalie , Grosso Olivier , de Verneil Alain
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Surface waters (0–200 m) of the western tropical South Pacific (WTSP) were
sampled along a longitudinal 4000 km transect (OUTPACE cruise, DOI: 10.17600/15000900)
during the austral summer (stratified) period (18 February to 3 April 2015)
between the Melanesian Archipelago (MA) and the western part of the SP gyre (WGY). Two distinct areas were
considered for the MA, the western MA (WMA), and the eastern MA (EMA). The
main carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools and fluxes provide a
basis for the characterization of the expected trend from oligotrophy to
ultra-oligotrophy, and the building of first-order budgets at the daily and
seasonal timescales (using climatology). Sea surface chlorophyll a well reflected
the expected oligotrophic gradient with higher values obtained at WMA,
lower values at WGY, and intermediate values at EMA. As expected, the euphotic
zone depth, the deep chlorophyll maximum, and nitracline depth deepen from
west to east. Nevertheless, phosphaclines and nitraclines did not match. The
decoupling between phosphacline and nitracline depths in the MA allows for excess
P to be locally provided in the upper water by winter mixing. We found a
significant biological “soft tissue” carbon pump in the MA sustained almost
exclusively by dinitrogen (N2) fixation and essentially controlled by phosphate
availability in this iron-rich environment. The MA appears to be a net
sink for atmospheric CO2, while the WGY is in quasi-steady state. We
suggest that the necessary excess P, allowing the success of nitrogen fixers
and subsequent carbon production and export, is mainly brought to the upper
surface by local deep winter convection at an annual timescale rather than by
surface circulation. While the origin of the decoupling between phosphacline
and nitracline remains uncertain, the direct link between local P upper
water enrichment, N2 fixation, and organic carbon production and
export, offers a possible shorter timescale than previously thought between
N input by N2 fixation and carbon export. The low iron availability
in the SP gyre and P availability in the MA during the stratified period may
appear as the ultimate control of N input by N2 fixation. Because
of the huge volume of water to consider, and because the SP Ocean is the
place of intense denitrification in the east (N sink) and N2
fixation in the west (N source), precise seasonal C, N, P, and iron (Fe) budgets would
be of prime interest to understand the efficiency, at the present time and
in the future, of the oceanic biological carbon pump.
Time-varying parameter models for catchments with land use change: the importance of model structure
Authors: Pathiraja Sahani , Anghileri Daniela , Burlando Paolo , Sharma Ashish , Marshall Lucy , Moradkhani Hamid
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Rapid population and economic growth in Southeast Asia has been
accompanied by extensive land use change with consequent impacts on catchment
hydrology. Modeling methodologies capable of handling changing land use
conditions are therefore becoming ever more important and are receiving
increasing attention from hydrologists. A recently developed data-assimilation-based framework that allows model parameters to vary through
time in response to signals of change in observations is considered for a
medium-sized catchment (2880 km2) in northern Vietnam experiencing
substantial but gradual land cover change. We investigate the efficacy of the
method as well as the importance of the chosen model structure in ensuring
the success of a time-varying parameter method. The method was used with two
lumped daily conceptual models (HBV and HyMOD) that gave good-quality
streamflow predictions during pre-change conditions. Although both time-varying parameter models gave improved streamflow predictions under changed
conditions compared to the time-invariant parameter model, persistent biases
for low flows were apparent in the HyMOD case. It was found that HyMOD was
not suited to representing the modified baseflow conditions, resulting in
extreme and unrealistic time-varying parameter estimates. This work shows
that the chosen model can be critical for ensuring the time-varying parameter
framework successfully models streamflow under changing land cover
conditions. It can also be used to determine whether land cover changes (and
not just meteorological factors) contribute to the observed hydrologic
changes in retrospective studies where the lack of a paired control catchment
precludes such an assessment.
Tracking of the LAZIO region shoreline from orthophotos AGEA 2014 and implementation of the database layer
Authors: Biscotti Erik , Pizzeghello Nicola , Murri Chiara , Colistra Graziano , Batzu Ilenia
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is the modern approach used in the study, management and exploitation of the coastal area in various applications whereas in this area are concentrated interests concerning the most different fields, economic, environmental, legal, scientific and social. The coast is in fact inherently unstable by nature and consequently its characterization should take into account a continuous monitoring and updating of its variations and trends. The coastal area is that portion of land emerged and submerged containing the shoreline and is subject to both continental and marine geomorphic processes. The shoreline is the clearest expression of how this sector is particularly dynamic. Proper analysis and representation of the shape and nature of the coastal area are a first step to provide reliable and comparable tools to those who study and manage it. This paper presents the results of a study aimed to the realization of an integrated approach in the extraction of the shoreline using a case study of Lazio coast as a part of the European Project “Intercoast”. This work is based on national and international directives on the coastal zone, whether linked to a more terrestrial or maritime area, still within the broad definition of Hydrography provided by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). The spatial information extracted by direct or indirect measurements of the most dynamic coastal sector emerged and submerged (emerged coast and sea bottom) have been provided by associating with a budget of measurement uncertainties, and assessing the quality.
Volunteered Geographic Information: Interpretation, Visualisation and Social Computing (VGIscience)
Authors: Burghardt Dirk , Nejdl Wolfgang , Schiewe Jochen , Sester Monika
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In the past years Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) has emerged as a novel form of user-generated content, which involves active generation of geo-data for example in citizen science projects or during crisis mapping as well as the passive collection of data via the user’s location-enabled mobile devices. In addition there are more and more sensors available that detect our environment with ever greater detail and dynamics. These data can be used for a variety of applications, not only for the solution of societal tasks such as in environment, health or transport fields, but also for the development of commercial products and services. The interpretation, visualisation and usage of such multi-source data is challenging because of the large heterogeneity, the differences in quality, the high update frequencies, the varying spatial-temporal resolution, subjective characteristics and low semantic structuring. Therefore the German Research Foundation has launched a priority programme for the next 3–6 years which will support interdisciplinary research projects. This priority programme aims to provide a scientific basis for raising the potential of VGI- and sensor data. Research questions described more in detail in this short paper span from the extraction of spatial information, to the visual analysis and knowledge presentation, taking into account the social context while collecting and using VGI.
Recent vegetation phenology variability and wild reindeer migration in Hardangervidda plateau (Norway)
Authors: Courault Romain , Franclet Alexiane , Bourrand Kévin , Bilodeau Clélia , Saïd Sonia , Cohen Marianne
Published: May 2018

Abstract. More than others, arctic ecosystems are affected by consequences of global climate changes. The herbivorous plays numerous roles both in Scandinavian natural and cultural landscapes (Forbes et al., 2007). Wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) herds in Hardangervidda plateau (Norway) constitute one of the isolated populations along Fennoscandia mountain range. The study aims to understand temporal and spatial variability of intra- and inter-annual home ranges extent and geophysical properties. We then characterize phenological variability with Corine Land Cover ecological habitat assessment and bi-monthly NDVI index (MODIS 13Q1, 250 m). Thirdly, we test relationships between reindeer’s estimated densities and geophysical factors. All along the study, a Python toolbox (“GRiD”) has been mounted and refined to fit with biogeographical expectancies. The toolbox let user’s choice of inputs and facilitate then the gathering of raster datasets with given spatial extent of clipping and resolution. The grid generation and cells extraction gives one tabular output, allowing then to easily compute complex geostatistical analysis with regular spreadsheets. Results are based on reindeer’s home ranges, associated extent (MODIS tile) and spatial resolution (250 m). Spatial mismatch of 0.6 % has been found between ecological habitat when comparing raw (100 m2) and new dataset (250 m2). Inter-annual home ranges analysis describes differences between inter-seasonal migrations (early spring, end of the summer) and calving or capitalizing times. For intra-annual home ranges, significant correlations have been found between reindeer’s estimated densities and both altitudes and phenology. GRiD performance and biogeographical results suggests 1) to enhance geometric accuracy 2) better examine links between estimated densities and NDVI.
Cartography, new technologies and geographic education: theoretical approaches to research the field
Authors: do Canto Tânia Seneme
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In order to understand the roles that digital mapping can play in cartographic and geographic education, this paper discusses the theoretical and methodological approach used in a research that is undertaking in the education of geography teachers. To develop the study, we found in the works of Lankshear and Knobel (2013) a notion of new literacies that allows us looking at the practices within digital mapping in a sociocultural perspective. From them, we conclude that in order to understand the changes that digital cartography is able to foment in geography teaching, it is necessary to go beyond the substitution of means in the classroom and being able to explore what makes the new mapping practices different from others already consolidated in geography teaching. Therefore, we comment on some features of new forms of cartographic literacy that are in full development with digital technologies, but which are not determined solely by their use. The ideas of Kitchin and Dodge (2007) and Del Casino Junior and Hanna (2006) are also an important reference for the research. Methodologically, this approach helps us to understand that in the seek to comprehend maps and their meanings, irrespective of the medium used, we are dealing with a process of literacy that is very particular and emergent because it involves not only the characteristics of the map artifact and of the individual that produces or consumes it, but depends mainly on a diversity of interconnections that are being built between them (map and individual) and the world.
Geo-Knowledge for an Ever Changing Society – The New Swiss National Map 1:10‘000 and its strategic relevance
Authors: Forte Olaf
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Federal Office of Topography swisstopo plays a vital role as Switzerland’s Geoinformation centre. This paper shows how the New Swiss National Map 1 : 10’000 will take its place, within the strategic Geoinformation preparations for 2020 and swisstopo’ future technical developments. This topic can be told in five key chapters, each with their own strategic focal points for swisstopo: The National Centre of Geoinformation – Up-to-date reference data – Improved, future-orientated usability – Filling the gaps in Switzerland’s geographical reference data and finally Open Government Data. Implementing each of these strategic focal points will enable swisstopo to provide an even more effective, efficient and cost-conscious service. The data and products provided by swisstopo are built on the core objectives of ensuring that Switzerland’s official Geoinformation, firstly complies with current legislation, secondly insuring that the information covering various time periods will be readily available over the long term, and finally that the data is maintained as up to date as possible. In order to ensure long-term success and to provide a service that responds to the people’s needs and benefits Switzerland as a whole, swisstopo must also take into account social, political and technological developments. Moreover, it will enable swisstopo to continue a sustainable high-level of cartography in future.
Identifying and Allocating Geodetic Systems to historical oil gas wells by using high-resolution satellite imagery
Authors: Alvarez Gabriel O.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Hydrocarbon exploration in Argentina started long before the IGM created a single, high-precision geodetic reference network for the whole country. Several geodetic surveys were conducted in every producing basin, which have ever since then supported well placement. Currently, every basin has a huge amount of information referenced to the so-called “local” geodetic systems, such as Chos Malal – Quiñi Huao in the Neuquén Basin, and Pampa del Castillo in the San Jorge Basin, which differ to a greater or lesser extent from the national Campo Inchauspe datum established by the IGM in 1969 as the official geodetic network. However, technology development over the last few years and the expansion of satellite positioning systems such as GPS resulted in a new world geodetic order. Argentina rapidly joined this new geodetic order through the implementation of a new national geodetic system by the IGM: POSGAR network, which replaced the old national Campo Inchauspe system. However, this only helped to worsen the data georeferencing issue for oil companies, as a third reference system was added to each basin. Now every basin has a local system, the national system until 1997 (Campo Inchauspe), and finally the newly created POSGAR network national satellite system, which is geocentric unlike the former two planimetric datums. The purpose of this paper is to identify and allocate geodetic systems of coordinates to historical wells, whose geodetic system is missing or has been erroneously allocated, by using currently available technological resources such as geographic information systems and high-resolution satellite imagery.
Seeing the unseen: an Indigenous heritage’s mapping project
Authors: Gagnon Justine
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Based on an ongoing qualitative and collaborative research project led in partnership with the Innu community of Pessamit, this paper brings into focus some specific issues regarding memories recollection and representation in a context of deterritorialization. The Innu First Nation has a specific historical and political context related to resources exploitation. Since their traditional lands have been the site of several large-scale hydroelectric projects, they have been intimately – and to a large extent, forcibly – involved in the economic transformation of Quebec since the 1950s. It should be noted, however, that their ancestral occupation has never been formerly recognized by the federal and provincial governments, a political and legal context partly responsible for the material and cultural losses they had to deal with. Through interviews we have conducted with the elders that travelled the rivers before the floods, we tried to rebuild, in some way, the cultural heritage embedded in those submerged lands. We used different cartographic tools and materials in a way to support and trigger the personal narratives the elders were remembering and sharing. This cultural mapping process revealed three main issues I would like to focus on. First, as the cartographic representations were getting closer to the landscapes the elders perceived and experimented as kids and young adults, the localization of significant places and the creation of personal narratives became easier and fluid. Secondly, we found, through that inquiry, how important an enhanced visibility of innu’s flooded heritage can be on a political level. Finally, we came to the conclusion that mapping should be considered more as a conversation than a visual representation only.
Evaluation of adapted books and the use of Tactile Cartography at public schools in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Gimenes de Sena Carla Cristina Reinaldo , Jordão Barbara Gomes Flaire
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Brazil adopts an educational inclusion policy, which is based on the insertion of students with special needs in the elementary and high school. In the State of São Paulo, Brazil, visually impaired students, who attend public schools, receive books adapted for blind and low sighted individuals, so they can participate on Geography classes. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the enlarged material adapted to braille used at the elementary school. The analysis was based on the principle of the graphical semiology developed by ALMEIDA (2015), which discusses the use of alternative materials in order to represent areas, lines and dots with different heights, textures and shapes. The results were obtained through interviews, surveys and evaluation of teachers and students, who somehow experience the specificities of the visually impaired students daily. We observed that the adapted books do not bring all information contained in the original versions of the books and some of the exercises are not presented. Furthermore we could notice that the teachers and other students do not have any level of proficiency in understanding braille, which can hamper the interaction between visually impaired and the other students. After the observations, we adapted 22 maps using colored materials and handcraft techniques taking in-to account the different needs of the low sighted audience. The materials used are easy to be found and purchased, since they have a low cost. Using this alternative material we achieved a learning that was representative to all students and to the teachers, providing the socialization of the acquired knowledge.
Revelation of ‘Hidden’ Balinese Geospatial Heritage on A Map
Authors: Atmadja Dicky A.S. Soeria , Wikantika Ketut , Harto Agung Budi , Putra Daffa Gifary M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Bali is not just about beautiful nature. It also has a unique and interesting cultural heritage, including ‘hidden’ geospatial heritage. Tri Hita Karana is a Hinduism concept of life consisting of human relation to God, to other humans and to the nature (Parahiyangan, Pawongan and Palemahan), Based on it, – in term of geospatial aspect – the Balinese derived its spatial orientation, spatial planning & lay out, measurement as well as color and typography. Introducing these particular heritage would be a very interesting contribution to Bali tourism. As a respond to these issues, a question arise on how to reveal these unique and highly valuable geospatial heritage on a map which can be used to introduce and disseminate them to the tourists. Symbols (patterns & colors), orientation, distance, scale, layout and toponimy have been well known as elements of a map. There is an chance to apply Balinese geospatial heritage in representing these map elements.
Translation from the collaborative OSM database to cartography
Authors: Hayat Flora
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The OpenStreetMap (OSM) database includes original items very useful for geographical analysis and for creating thematic maps. Contributors record in the open database various themes regarding amenities, leisure, transports, buildings and boundaries. The Michelin mapping department develops map prototypes to test the feasibility of mapping based on OSM. To translate the OSM database structure into a database structure fitted with Michelin graphic guidelines a research project is in development. It aims at defining the right structure for the Michelin uses. The research project relies on the analysis of semantic and geometric heterogeneities in OSM data. In that order, Michelin implements methods to transform the input geographical database into a cartographic image dedicated for specific uses (routing and tourist maps). The paper focuses on the mapping tools available to produce a personalised spatial database. Based on processed data, paper and Web maps can be displayed. Two prototypes are described in this article: a vector tile web map and a mapping method to produce paper maps on a regional scale. The vector tile mapping method offers an easy navigation within the map and within graphic and thematic guide- lines. Paper maps can be partly automatically drawn. The drawing automation and data management are part of the mapping creation as well as the final hand-drawing phase. Both prototypes have been set up using the OSM technical ecosystem.
Dynamique des ressources naturelles dans le Parc national de Manda: Cartographie et analyse pour le Développement durable
Authors: Ballah Solkam Rosalie , Médard Ndoutorlengar
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Au Tchad, le réseau d'aires protégées couvre près de 10,2% de la surface du pays et reste globalement représentatif de toute la diversité des écosystèmes de la région. Cependant, ce réseau n'est pas constitué d'écosystèmes intacts car de nombreuses altérations y ont été apportés (certaines espèces sont déjà au seuil critique d'extinction (Addax, gazelle dama, lamantin), voire ont disparu (Rhinocéros noir et blanc, Oryx)) surtout dans les parcs nationaux. Ce qui nous amène à nous interroger sur la dynamique des ressources naturelles et le degré de conservation du parc national de Manda? Une évaluation de la diversité biologique et des ressources hydrographiques de 1951 à 1999 sur la base de la bibliographie existante, de la carte topographique de 1956, des images satellitaires Landsat 5 et 7 TM et ETM+ de 2 périodes (1986, 1999), complétée par des interviews semi-structurés et des transects sur le terrain, permettra de mieux appréhender la dynamique des ressources et les actions de conservation de la biodiversité réalisées à cet effet. Les résultats montrent une dynamique progressive de la faune de 1951 à 1970, puis une dynamique régressive de 1970 à 1989. Après cette tumultueuse période, un repeuplement du parc s’opère de 1989 à 2002. Par contre, la flore est relativement bien conservée avec quelques cours d’eau, des mares, champs et plantations. Et cela grâce aux multiples projets de conservation de la biodiversité. La promotion de l’écotourisme serait une alternative au développement durable de ce parc.
Digitizing Patterns of Power – Cartographic Communication for Digital Humanities
Authors: Kriz Karel , Pucher Alexander , Breier Markus
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The representation of space in medieval texts, the appropriation of land and the subsequent installation of new structures of power are central research topics of the project “Digitizing Patterns of Power” (DPP). The project focuses on three regional case studies: the Eastern Alps and the Morava-Thaya region, the historical region of Macedonia, and historical Southern Armenia. DPP is a multidisciplinary project, conducted by the Austrian Academy of Sciences the Institute for Medieval Research (IMAFO) in cooperation with the University of Vienna, Department of Geography and Regional Research. It is part of an initiative to promote digital humanities research in Austria. DPP brings together expertise from historical and archaeological research as well as cartography and geocommunication to explore medieval geographies. The communication of space, time and spatial interconnectivity is an essential aspect of DPP. By incorporating digital cartographic expertise, relevant facts can be depicted in a more effective visual form. Optimal cartographic visualization of base data as well as the historical and archaeological information in an interactive map-based online platform are important features. However, the multidisciplinary of the project presents the participants with various challenges. The different involved disciplines, among them cartography, archaeology and history each have their own approaches to relevant aspects of geography and geocommunication. This paper treats geocommunication characteristics and approaches to interactive mapping in a historical and archaeological context within a multidisciplinary project environment. The fundamental challenges of cartographic communication within DPP will be presented. Furthermore, recent results on the communication of historical topographic, as well as uncertain thematic content will be demonstrated.
Developing a Personnel Capacity Indicator for a high turnover Cartographic Production Sector
Authors: Mandarino Flávia , Pessôa Leonardo A. M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper describes a framework for development of an indicator for human re-sources capacity management in a military organization responsible for nautical chart production. Graphic chart for the results of the model COPPE-COSENZA (Cosenza et al. 2015) is used to properly present the personnel capacity within a high people turnover environment. The specific skills for the nautical charts production allied to the turnover rate require continuous and adequate personnel in-corporation and a capacity building through education and on-the-job training. The adopted approach for the study establishes quantitative values to fulfill quality requirements, and also presents graphically a profile for the human resources on a specific job to facilitate diagnosis and corrective actions.
Psychogeography in the Age of the Quantified Self — Mental Map modelling with Georeferenced Personal Activity Data
Authors: Meier Sebastian , Glinka Katrin
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Personal and subjective perceptions of urban space have been a focus of various research projects in the area of cartography, geography, and related fields such as urban planning. This paper illustrates how personal georeferenced activity data can be used in algorithmic modelling of certain aspects of mental maps and customised spatial visualisations. The technical implementation of the algorithm is accompanied by a preliminary study which evaluates the performance of the algorithm. As a linking element between personal perception, interpretation, and depiction of space and the field of cartography and geography, we include perspectives from artistic practice and cultural theory. By developing novel visualisation concepts based on personal data, the paper in part mitigates the challenges presented by user modelling that is, amongst others, used in LBS applications.
Classifying the Diversity of Bus Mapping Systems
Authors: Mohd Said Mohd Shahmy , Forrest David
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This study represents the first stage of an investigation into understanding the nature of different approaches to mapping bus routes and bus network, and how they may best be applied in different public transport situations. In many cities, bus services represent an important facet of easing traffic congestion and reducing pollution. However, with the entrenched car culture in many countries, persuading people to change their mode of transport is a major challenge. To promote this modal shift, people need to know what services are available and where (and when) they go. Bus service maps provide an invaluable element of providing suitable public transport information, but are often overlooked by transport planners, and are under-researched by cartographers. The method here consists of the creation of a map evaluation form and performing assessment of published bus networks maps. The analyses were completed by a combination of quantitative and qualitative data analysis of various aspects of cartographic design and classification. This paper focuses on the resulting classification, which is illustrated by a series of examples. This classification will facilitate more in depth investigations into the details of cartographic design for such maps and help direct areas for user evaluation.
How to design a cartographic continuum to help users to navigate between two topographic styles?
Authors: Ory Jérémie , Touya Guillaume , Hoarau Charlotte , Christophe Sidonie
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Geoportals and geovisualization tools provide to users various cartographic abstractions that describe differently a geographical space. Our purpose is to be able to design cartographic continuums, i.e. a set of in-between maps allowing users to navigate between two topographic styles. This paper addresses the problem of the interpolation between two topographic abstractions with different styles. We detail our approach in two steps. Firstly, we setup a comparison in order to identify which structural elements of a cartographic abstraction should be interpolated. Secondly, we propose an approach based on two design methods for maps interpolation.
Art and cartography as a critique of borders
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel Melo
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This study focuses on the relationship between art and cartography. The main objective is to analyze how contemporary art uses maps to criticize borders. Inspired by the arguments raised by the Critical Cartography against the false neutrality of maps, we emphasize the potential of artworks to communicate different insights about how we experience and live the contemporary space. In that sense, art plays an important role not only to discuss the articulation of power and knowledge in cartography, but also to propose other categories of thought. Considering that borders are one of the most relevant visual elements on a map, we propose the following question: how the intersection between art and cartography can improve the critical thinking about borders? By questioning borders, art underlines that physical world is characterized by liminal spaces, not by absolute or strict separations. We briefly analyzed some examples of artworks that deal with political issues regarding this topic. Our findings suggest that art could reveal the impact of imposing borders in a space, whose arbitrary delimitation reflects power relations.
Design and implementation of the web Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Colombia
Authors: Rocha S. Luz Angela , Bonilla Johnatan , Bernal Julio , Duarte Catherine , Rodriguez Alejandro
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Atlas Lingüístico y Etnográfico de Colombia (Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Colombia), known by “ALEC” is a compilation of popular speaking Spanish of the populations of Colombia; such research was carried out for more than fifty years. The result of this work is a collection of thematic maps organized in six volumes and its supplements in analog format. In that sense was created the project entitles “Interactive ALEC” which main objective is to develop a digital and interactive web version of the ethnographic and Linguistic Atlas of Colombia (1983) and its supplements. In this way the Corpus linguistics research group belonging to the Institute Caro y Cuervo and the research group NIDE of the Universidad Distrital “Francisco José de Caldas” have been working together in the design and development of the Atlas Web, that allows the visualization and consulting of the spatial information contained in the volume III of the analog ALEC Atlas, applying concepts of Geographical Information Systems and web cartography. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to show the process of design and development of the web prototype of the ALEC as a collection of static and dynamic maps, which show spatial information, combined with multimedia content, taking into account that in addition to all maps, the total compendium includes images, illustrations, photographs, audio and text comments. Likewise, the interactive ALEC is a good example of how to use geo-technology tools nowadays, because they are essential for the dissemination of geo linguistic information through internet, achieving more access and distribution of the Atlas web.
New species of Mesozoic benthic foraminifera from the former British Petroleum micropalaeontology collection
Authors: Fox Lyndsey R. , Stukins Stephen , Hill Tom , Bailey Haydon W.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper describes five new Mesozoic, deep-water benthic foraminifera from the former British Petroleum microfossil reference collections at the Natural History Museum, London. The focus is on selected calcareous and agglutinating taxa that are of stratigraphical and/or palaeoecological significance for academic and industrial related activities. Ophthalmidium dracomaris (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CCE951DF-0446-416B-AC2D-C5322CD335D2), Trochammina fordonensis (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4F00A270-F9B2-46D4-8587-C7ADCC191D13), Eobigenerina calloviensis (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B8443AA5-CFE4-44C0-A5A2-65EA97BF7EFA), Arenoturrispirillina swiecickii (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:06A35E03-5AA4-4363-B471-4E1A0091F62E) and Ataxophragmium mariae (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B8443AA5-CFE4-44C0-A5A2-65EA97BF7EFA) are described with new illustrations. Their biostratigraphic and palaeoecological significance are briefly discussed.
Brief Communication: Measuring Rock Decelerations and Rotation Changes During Short Duration Ground Impacts
Authors: Caviezel Andrin , Gerber Werner
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Rockfall trajectories are primarily influenced by ground contacts, causing changes in acceleration and rock rotation. The duration of contacts and its influence on the rock kinematics are highly variable and generally unknown. The lack of knowledge hinders the development and calibration of physics based rockfall trajectory models needed for hazard mitigation. To address this problem we placed three-axis gyroscopes and accelerometers in rocks of various sizes and shapes with the goal of quantifying rock deceleration in natural terrain. Short ground contacts range between 8–15 milliseconds, longer contacts between 50–70 ms, totalling to only 6 % of the runtime. Our results underscore the highly non-linear character of rock-ground interaction and the basic difficulties underlying rockfall hazard mitigation.