bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of applicative distortions in digital images based on a combination of a neural network and a statistically optimal algorithm
Authors: Samoylin E.A. , Tatarintsev S.V. , Dronov D.Yu. , Skugorov K.E.
Published: November 2021

At present, when receiving and processing digital images, they often encounter cases of various noise and distortions appearing on the raster. In practice, we most often have to deal with applicative (impulsive) and additive Gaussian noise. At the same time, noise with a brightness distribution close to a truncated Gaussian, the mode of which falls on the upper or lower limits of the image brightness quantization, can be attributed to a separate class of applicative distortions, which are most often encountered in practice. At present, almost all known algorithms for correcting applicative distortions in images are spatially selective, when at the first stage of processing, the detection of distorted image elements is performed, and at the second stage, the restoration of lost (due to distortions) image elements by some method. To date, a sufficient number of algorithms for detecting (as a rule, statistical) such applicative distortions have been proposed; however, a priori unknown of the laws and parameters of the distribution of random signals and noise, as well as a priori probabilities of the presence and absence of distortions in the image, does not allow achieving their potential quality. One of the ways out of this situation can be the use of a neural network approach and its combination with statistically optimal algorithms. In the problem of detecting distortions, obtaining the necessary information about such parameters of distortions as the prior probability of their presence in the image and the standard deviation is possible through the use of artificial neural networks with high approximation properties acquired by them in the course of training on a training set of examples. This information can then be used by a statistically optimal algorithm. In accordance with this, the aim of the work is to develop a detector of applicative distortions in digital images based on a combination of a neural and statistically optimal algorithm. The essence of the proposed algorithm is to use at the first stage of processing a trained neural network capable of functioning under conditions of complete a priori uncertainty and allowing to obtain approximate estimates of a priori information about distortions in the image, and at the second stage of processing – rules based on the criterion of the minimum average risk (Bayesian criterion) using neural network estimates. As shown by the results of numerical studies, the proposed approach combines the advantage of neural networks, which consists in their high approximating properties, acquired in the course of training on precedents, as well as the optimality of a statistical detector. The presented results of numerical studies of the efficiency of the proposed detector indicate its advantage over the known detector in almost the entire possible range of applicative interference intensity.
Methods and algorithms for classifying air targets by importance based on data from an airborne radar system Part 1. Two-stage ranking of air targets according to the degree of danger during the operation of radar in the multipurpose tracking mode
Authors: Bogachev A.S. , Zagrebelnyi I.R. , Merkulov V.I.
Published: November 2021

Classification of air targets by rank of importance is the basis for ensuring situational awareness of pilots (crew members) of military aircraft, therefore, the problem of increasing the reliability of target classification is very urgent. The requirement to provide the pilot (crew) with full situational awareness means providing him with complete and reliable information about tactical, electronic, navigation situations and the technical condition of on-board systems. It should be noted that when classifying air targets according to the rank of importance, dangerous, favorable for attack and non-dangerous targets are currently usually distinguished. Specific tasks of classifying air targets by importance rank belong to the class of object recognition tasks. In modern aviation radio-electronic complexes, the classification of air targets according to the rank of importance is usually carried out according to the data of on-board radar systems, as well as electronic intelligence systems and optoelectronic systems. It should be noted that one of the main information modes of functioning of modern and future radar systems is the multipurpose tracking mode, in which an airborne radar can simultaneously track a large number of targets in its area of responsibility. In the conduct of hostilities, ensuring one's own security is a priority task for aircraft of various purposes. In this case, the role of dangerous air targets can be not only targets belonging to the opposing side, but also their own aircraft in dangerous encounters, in which a collision can occur between them. Therefore, the problem of preventing dangerous encounters and preventing aircraft collisions with each other becomes one of the key problems in group operations of military aviation. It should be noted that by now there are various methods of assessing goals according to the degree of their danger, but there is no systematic presentation of them. An attempt is made in the article to give a systematized presentation of new methods for solving this problem, based on a two-stage decision-making on the predicted minimum distance of closest approach and the time to reach it. Based on this approach, the following are considered: the method of subjective reduction of private indicators; procedures for determining the hazard indicators of air targets in the antenna coordinate system; rules for making decisions on the degree of danger of targets, taking into account their possible maneuver; – the composition of information support for solving this problem has been determined.
Synthesis of an algorithm for grouping air objects in radar systems
Authors: Khalimov N.R. , Ivanov S.L. , Fedorov A.V.
Published: November 2021

Any radar complex exercising control over the airspace has a limited capacity. When processing information about a large number of air objects, overloads occur in information systems and part of the information is inevitably lost. To solve this problem, you need to group the goals. If you refuse to group, then this can lead to oversaturation of the displayed situation on the monitor and the human operator, according to his physical capabilities, will not be able to cope with its assessment. That is, the more goals, the worse the quality of the tasks being solved. One of the ways to solve this problem is to reduce the number of tracked objects by grouping them. Therefore, grouping is a necessary measure taken to simplify the presentation and assessment of the situation. The currently used algorithms for grouping air objects are based on spatial gating, which have low efficiency in a difficult environment. Therefore, the development of new strobe-free methods of grouping air objects is an urgent task. Objective – to develop and research a new strobe-free algorithm for grouping air objects in radar complexes for detecting and tracking air targets. In work a new algorithm for grouping air objects is synthesized, which is based on one of the methods of cluster analysis and an optimal decision rule according to the Neumann-Pearson criterion about the belonging of the considered set of air objects to one group. Some results of simulation modeling of the synthesized algorithm in a complex air environment in comparison with the algorithm based on production rules are presented. Practical significance – the developed algorithm for grouping air objects is more efficient than both the grouping algorithm in the spatial strobe and the algorithm based on production rules. This is especially noticeable in cases of flight of several groups to air objects on intersecting trajectories. The developed algorithm does not impose great requirements on the computing system of the radar complex and can be implemented in practice without restrictions.
Incoherent and coherent accumulation of the spectra of a burst of LFM-pulses over the intervals of Doppler ambiguity
Authors: Chapursky V.V. , Noniashvili M.I. , Vodolazov A.V.
Published: November 2021

In advanced portable radars using the principles of MIMO, obtaining a high resolution and a sufficient S/N ratio is important due to the use of a reduced number of widely directed transmitting and receiving antenna elements, for example, sub lattices with low directional coefficients. In such radars, probing signals in the form of burst of broadband LFM pulses are applicable. When processing these signals reflected from moving targets, two methods are fundamentally possible: classical one in the time domain with matched filtering of the burst of LFM-pulses and subsequent inter-period accumulation, and the spectral one based on preliminary calculation of the full spectrum of the pulses burst with subsequent accumulation over the frequency intervals of Doppler ambiguity. In this case, there are two options for the accumulation of spectra: 1) incoherent and 2) coherent, and their efficiency for a burst of LFM-pulses has not been studied before. In this work on the simulation model of the processing system in the spectral domain the output S/N ratios for these variants of the spectral processing method for a burst of LFM-pulses are determined and compared. In addition, the issues of presenting the results of spectral accumulation in the coordinates «Doppler frequency – delay» plane were worked out. The following results are obtained for a specific variant of the burst signal: the efficiency of coherent spectrum accumulation under the influence of noise exceeds the efficiency of incoherent by a value of about 12 dB; in the case of incoherent accumulation of spectrum modules in the case of a group targets, the accumulated amplitude spectrum, with a sufficient duration of the pulses burst, contains all the Doppler-resoluted target marks; in the case of coherent accumulation of complex spectra of group targets with different Doppler frequencies and ranges, the targets can be resolved based on the analysis of the module of the accumulated complex spectrum in the «Doppler frequency – range» plane; 4) with incoherent and coherent of spectral accumulation over ambiguous Doppler intervals, a single FFT of a LFM-pulses burst is required. The remaining operations are the algebraic summation of the spectral samples over the ambiguity intervals and taking the modulus from the accumulated complex spectrum.
23Na MRI on 0,5T clinical scanner
Authors: Anisimov N.V. , Tarasova A.A. , Pavlova O.S. , Fomina D.V. , Usanov I.A. , Makurenkov A.M. , Pavlovskaya G.E. , Pirogov Yu.A.
Published: November 2021

Object. The purpose of this work is to reveal the possibilities of low-field 23Na MRI. It was supposed to obtain images of various human organs using the 3D-scanning method, and to do this with minimal hardware modifications of a typical clinical 0,5T scanner. Materials and methods. The proprietary receiving coils, originally intended for registering proton signals (21,1 MHz), were transformed to transceiver ones and tuned to the sodium Larmor frequency of 5,6 MHz. The scanning was carried out by the 3D-gradient echo method with the parameters: TR/TE=44,7/12 ms, FA=45° and isotropic resolution of 6 mm. To increase SNR, apodization in k-space was applied during data processing. Results. 23Na MRI (including volumetric reconstructions) of several human organs – head, breast, heart, joints were obtained with SNR up to 15. Discussion. When developing low-field 23Na MRI, it is advisable to focus on recording only the T2long component (>15 ms). In this case, it is possible to narrow the receiver bandwidth as much as possible and thereby minimize noise. In addition, the requirements for the transmission path are reduced. As a result, for debugging MRI methods, the equipment of a typical clinical scanner, which is supplemented by coils tuned to the sodium NMR frequency only, can be used.
Determination algorithm of radiosignals TDOA and FDOA parameters with geolocating in satellite communication systems
Authors: Kulikov M.V. , Sagalaev M.P. , Kistanov P.A. , Lobov V.A.
Published: November 2021

The known algorithms for determining the phase and frequency detuning of radio signals in geolocation systems use a signal from their own active reference station with known coordinates, which sends the signals in the direction of the satellites and this signal is received by the geolocation station. A copy of the reference radio signal with a single time stamp is transmitted to the geolocation station, and on the correla-N |m| 1 n tion processing, frequency Kxy(m, f ) 1  rxy(n m, )e i2 fxy F and phase     xy x y detuning are determined. N| m| n0 The use of a proprietary reference station introduces significant limitations. However, in the transponders radiations, in most cases, signals legitimate (reference) stations communication and broadcasting are presents, for which it is possible to build a cross-correlation function for a short period of observation, in which phase and frequency detuning are not great and the copy signal has good correlation properties. The phase and frequency detuning calculated from the signals of the legitimate reference station can be successfully performed to compensate for the a and b signals of the desired sourcetion and there is no illegitimate radio emission in the satellite communication system.
Radiation characteristics of sharply directed conical waveguide-slot antenna arrays
Authors: Ponomarev L.I. , Vasin A.A. , Terekhin О.V. , Volkov O.A. , Turko L.S. , Titov L.N. , Vorotnikov A.A.
Published: November 2021

Currently, much attention is paid to antenna arrays, the emitters of which can be located in the bow of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Emitters can be longitudinal, transverse or oblique slots located along the generatrix of the cone on the conducting surface. A number of specific requirements are imposed on such ARs used in on-board radar systems (radars) of UAVs, among which we can note the need to form a highly directional total-difference directional pattern (DP) with a maximum of the total DP and a minimum of a difference DP in the direction of the UAV flight axis, as well as high gain and slope of the difference characteristic. The aim of this work was to study the radiation of a waveguide-slot antenna array (WASAA) installed on a conical surface and providing linear polarization of the emitted field in the direction of the cone axis. For this, electrodynamic modeling of various configurations of WASAA, located both in free space and on a conical surface, was carried out. For the developed models of antennas, the directivity characteristics and their dependence on the geometry and dimensions of the WASAA are determined. The results of an experimental study of the characteristics of a model of a conical antenna emitting a field of linear polarization in the direction of the cone axis are presented. The experimental results are compared with the results of electrodynamic modeling. The results obtained are of practical interest for the development of airborne antenna UAVs.
Aviation radio control systems as complex technical systems. Part 1. Analysis of the possibilities of multicriteria optimization
Authors: Merkulov V.I.
Published: November 2021

The need to take into account the increasing requirements for expanding the field of application conditions, taking into account an increasingly wide range of possible conditions, increasing requirements for the volume and reliability of the information used, combined with increasing requirements for improving the efficiency of operation, predetermined the emergence of a new type of information management systems, called "complex technical systems" (CTS). In general, the CTS is understood as a set of functionally related control and information subsystems united by a common goal of joint solution of a group of tasks. The most striking example of CTS is aviation radio control (RC) systems, which are able to solve the general task of destroying targets in several stages, using various methods of route control and guidance on them in conditions of high initial uncertainty due to a variety of possible objects of influence of varying degrees of importance and the random nature of their spatial location. At the same time, the task of destroying objects of the opposing side is solved, as a rule, in several stages, including long-range (command), short-range guidance (homing) and the use of weapons. It should be emphasized that the choice of indicators of excellence that reflect various aspects of the functioning of the CTS (aircraft RC systems) is by no means a trivial task. Within the framework of the "system – environment" approach, which takes into account the specific conditions of the use of the CTS, in addition to performance indicators that reflect the degree of compliance of the system with its purpose, such indicators as functional stability (survivability), dynamism and informativeness are increasingly in demand, which, as a rule, contradict each other. It should be noted that due to the heterogeneity of the tasks being solved and the inconsistency of the requirements, it is necessary to take into account the need to use a multicriteria approach to the synthesis of control methods and information support algorithms. However, the methods of multicriteria optimization used in practice have a number of significant drawbacks that make it difficult to use them in the development of promising CTS (RC systems). At the same time, it is very tempting to use the mathematical apparatus of the statistical theory of optimal control (STOC) for multicriteria optimization of the CTS, which allows to avoid the above disadvantages to some extent. The expediency of using STOC for solving multicriteria problems is due to the fact that the very formulation of the STOC problem and the resulting optimization procedures already contain a solution to the two-criterion problem of obtaining a system that is jointly the best in both accuracy and costeffectiveness of management. The analysis of various approaches to solving multicriteria problems has shown that the most rational is to reduce them to a singlecriteria problem with further use as a basic variant of local STOC optimization.
Algebraic solutions in determining the coordinates of the radiator by the results of multi-position measurements of field strength
Authors: Ufaev V.A.
Published: November 2021

On the basis of the hypothesis of equality of the measured and true values of the amplitude of the field strength, an algebraic solution for estimating the unknown coordinates and the energy parameter of the radiator is obtained. Initially, by compiling and solving a redefined system of linear equations by pseudo-rotation of matrices, the coordinates of the emitter are determined under the assumption of independence of the distance to the reference point from the coordinates of the emitter. Then make and solve the square equation concerning distance to a reference point with the subsequent estimation of coordinates and an energy parameter. The ambiguity of the algebraic solution is resolved by comparing the maximum likelihood functional and choosing the parameters at which its maximum is reached. According to the simulation of a cellular-type system in multiplicative noise, the results of algebraic solutions by the maximum likelihood method and the calculated ones are close, except for a special zone where anomalous changes occur due to the limitations of the coordinate determination method. Algebraic solutions for maximum likelihood estimation provide an increase in the calculation speed of about 500 times. The proposed principle can be used in solving the ambiguity of algebraic solutions in systems of difference-rangefinder type and in the inverse problem of self-positioning of the receiving point by the amplitude of the electromagnetic field of beacons with a known location. The article contains 4 figures, a list of references from 9 sources.
Tito Didio, un "Homo Novus" en la cima de la República
Authors: Ruiz Charro Simón
Published: November 2021

El ascenso de Tito Didio, un personaje que alcanzó las más altas cotas de poder y el reconocimiento de sus iguales, parece insólito en un mundo dominado por políticos procedentes de familias con gloriosos antepasados. Sin embargo, además de los méritos militares y políticos que tuvo Didio, observamos que el desempeño de altas magistraturas por parte de políticos y generales sin antepasados fue más frecuente de lo que parece en aquellos años. La excesiva competencia personal, la acumulación de poderes extraordinarios y la polarización política en diversas facciones, con gran influencia en los nombramientos de magistrados, son las razones por las cuales Didio pudo medrar en una década en la que empezaron a resquebrajarse los principios que habían mantenido a la República durante los cuatro siglos anteriores.
Role of platelet-rich plasma in maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Hifny Sara Ahmed , Alalharith Abdullrahman Saeed , Idrees Mutasim Ahmad , Befle Mohammed Ahmed , AlGarni Shihnaz Mohammed , Alsharif Abdullah Hassan , Alfaifi Wafa Hadi , Dahman Najd Musa , Alanazi Ahmed Hassan , Allam Mohammed Faisal , Alodiani Mohammed Bandar
Published: November 2021

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been reported as an efficacious modality that can enhance the process of wound healing and tissue regeneration and has been validated in different medical settings, including cardiovascular surgery, otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, and maxillofacial surgery. In dental and oral surgery settings, PRP has been reported as an efficacious approach with favorable outcomes in different settings. Some of these procedures include surgical repair of the alveolar cleft, mandibular reconstruction, ablative surgical procedures, placement of osseointegrated implants, periodontal plastic surgery, and management of infrabony periodontal defects. In the present study, we aim to discuss the role and mechanisms that PRP plays in the settings of maxillofacial surgery based on evidence from the relevant studies in the literature. Evidence indicates the wide acceptance of the modality, which has been proven to increase the rate of wound healing and reduce the frequency of pain and swelling. The administration of PRP has been reported to dispense with the need for invasive approaches that might be furtherly associated with complications and different morbidities. However, in most of the favorable events where the PRP administration of was associated with enhanced outcomes, the modality was used in combination with another therapeutic approach. Therefore, further research is needed to validate the efficacy of the modality in the different settings.
Significance of iron levels in patients with non-cicatricial alopecias: a cross sectional study
Authors: Sambangi Jahnavi , Padhiar Bela
Published: November 2021

Background: Among all the nutritional causes of hair loss, iron levels are found to be important key nutrient. Synthesis of hair involves many steps which require iron as a cofactor. The intention of present study is to evaluate relationship between iron and hair loss. The objectives of the study are to study the clinical patterns, demographic and epidemiological factors associated with hair loss and to find association between iron study parameter (Hb, serum iron, serum ferritin, TIBC) and hair loss.

Methods: The study was a cross section- observational study, conducted among the patients with diagnosed non-cicatricial alopecias from June 2018 to April 2019. A total of 50 study participants were recruited. Specific investigations like hair pull test and trichogram were done. Chi square test was applied and p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Among the total 50 participants 35 (70%) were males and 15 (30%) were females. Mean (±SD) age was 44 (±9.5) years. Mean (SD) of haemoglobin, serum iron, TIBC and ferritin are 9.6 (±2.6), 75.5 (±50), 365 (±54) and 106 (±87) respectively. Trichogram result proves telogen hair- 22 (44%), dystrophic hair loss- 14 (28%) and anagen hair loss-14 (28%). Hair pull test was positive in 27 (54%). Higher proportion of male pattern hair loss was associated with lower haemoglobin and low serum ferritin levels. (p value -0.046, 0.031)

Conclusions: Significant association was found between the diagnosis of non cicatricial alopecia and mean values of haemoglobin and serum ferritin with lower haemoglobin and low serum ferritin was mostly associated with male pattern hair loss.
Anti-cancer agents from natural sources: A review
Authors: Nerkar A.G. , Chakraborthy G.S. , Ukirde R. D.
Published: November 2021

The natural products have played a dominant role in the treatment of human ailments. The discovery of penicillin has changed the scenario of modern medicine. With the ancient use of quinine for malaria, willow bark for pain and several other natural products used as medicines in ancient system of medicine such as Ayurveda and traditional China, the discovery of the medicines for the allopathic use from natural source has gained substantial attention. The ancient system of Ayurveda describes the used of many plants extracts being used for the treatment of cancer. Prevailing epidemiological factors have also described the use of the msediterranean diet and inclusion of fruits and vegetables to score low as risk factor for the cancers. Further the several discoveries have led to the transformation of the active constituents of the natural products from the dietary sources for the chemoprevention. Substantial trials in the development of the drugs from the marine and microbial origin have been fruitful and positive to develop safe and efficacious drugs. However, the success being very low due to unavailability of natural products in large gram amounts required for the clinical trials. The total synthesis of m any natural products from marine origin has also emerged to solve this issue and led to successful development of 4 marine drugs as anti-cancer agents. This overview reviews the anticancer drugs from the natural origin as the chemo preventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Wherever possible the details of the clinical trials have been discussed along with uses and mechanism of action.
Metastatic melanomas: Treatment overview
Authors: Nerkar A.G.
Published: November 2021

Melanomas especially metastatic melanoma chemotherapeutic treatment has been discussed in the review article. The recent advancement in the chemotherapy being Immunotherapy targeted therapy, combination therapy, targeted therapy, combination therapies and biochemotherpies all of which have been discussed in this review article.
Solid nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with silymarin for oral delivery: Formulation development and evaluation
Authors: Hirlekar Rajashree , Patil Esha , Bhairy Srinivas
Published: November 2021

The present study was aimed at preparing stable dry adsorbed nanoparticles (DANs) of silymarin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The prepared silymarin loaded NLCs and DANs were characterized for various quality parameters.

Silymarin loaded NLCs were prepared by a modified hot melt emulsification ultra-sonication method using glyceryl monostearate (GMS), capmul MCM C8 EP (CAP) and gelucire 50/13 (G50/13) as solid lipid, liquid lipid and surfactant respectively. For better stability, NLC dispersion was converted into DANs by adsorbing them onto some suitable carriers. NLCs and DANs were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, assay, thermal behavior, crystallinity and morphological study.

The optimized NLCs have a mean particle size of 206.1±012.5 nm (size distribution of 0.249±0.058), a zeta potential of -32.5±1.2 mV with high entrapment of 95.60±0.45% and drug loading of 1.90±0.08%. The X-ray diffraction and endothermic peaks confirmed the maximum encapsulation of active in lipid matrices. The particles were spherical with smooth surface morphology. In-vitro release studies showed sustained drug release for up to 24 h. Ex-vivo permeation in the presence and absence of lymphatic blocker indicates the uptake of silymarin loaded NLCs by the lymphatic route.

Silymarin loaded NLCs prepared had a nanosize distribution with high entrapment efficiency. The ex-vivo permeation study for optimized NLC formulation exhibited the lymphatic uptake of active. Dispersion stability was increased by preparing the DANs. The solid dry powder is used for oral reconstitution and can be further converted into tablets or filled into capsules.
Primer piloto de vehículo autónomo en Latinoamérica
Authors: Navas Cristian , Mix Vidal Richard
Published: November 2021

El presente documento tiene como objetivo presentar los detalles del Primer Piloto de Vehículo Autónomo en Latinoamérica, correspondiente a las actividades relacionadas principalmente con la planificación, preparación, implementación, operación y análisis de resultados de la prueba de un vehículo autónomo compartido en las inmediaciones del Parque OHiggins en Santiago de Chile entre 2019 y 2020. Este proyecto fue liderado de forma conjunta entre el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo y el Ministerio de Transportes y Telecomunicaciones de Chile en el marco de la Cooperación Técnica para el estudio del uso de datos digitales y el estudio de tecnologías asociadas a los vehículos autónomos.
El reto de reemplazar el cristalino
Authors: Millán García-Varela María Sagrario
Published: November 2021

La catarata o pérdida de transparencia del cristalino es un trastorno de la visión muy invalidante que ha sufrido la humanidad a lo largo de la historia. En las últimas décadas se trata con éxito mediante la sustitución de la lente natural por una lente artificial intraocular. Este estudio se centra en los aspectos ópticos, desde el diseño del implante a los efectos en el sistema visual, y en dos temas relacionados con la formación de imágenes de gran interés actualmente: a) los diseños de lentes intraoculares que, además de eliminar la catarata, corrigen parcialmente la presbicia, y b) la calidad de una lente intraocular evaluada por dos vías metodológicas distintas: una óptica (in vitro), en el laboratorio, y otra visual (in vivo) mediante el examen clínico de pacientes con implante. Las métricas que correlacionan ambos métodos buscan una predictibilidad más ajustada de los resultados posoperatorios. Ante la gran variedad de lentes intraoculares existente en la actualidad, con propiedades ópticas notablemente diferentes, se hace necesaria una selección personalizada del implante que mejor se adapte a las características del paciente y tenga en cuenta su estilo de vida.
MASS SPECTROMETRIC STUDIES OF THE COMPOSITION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS RELEASED BY VARIOUS FUNGAL SPECIES OF GENUS LECANICILLIUM
Authors:   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kuzmin A. G. , Titov Yu. A. ,   Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Mitina G. V. ,   All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Pushkin, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Choglokova A. A. ,   All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Pushkin, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: November 2021

For the first time, the quantitative and qualitative composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), released by strains of various species of entomopathogenic fungi (EF) of the genus Lecanicillium, was studied using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Lecanicillium fungi are used as an alternative to chemical pesticides for plant protection. The main detected components of the gas phase over the EF mycelium on the 10th day of growing on the agar Czapek's medium were carbon dioxide (5–20%), oxygen (0.1–15%), acetone (0.2–12 ppm), pentane (up to 0.5 ppm), acetic acid (up to 0.15 ppm). Acetone and pentane were found in the VOCs of all studied strains, acetic acid — in 5 strains belonging to different species, in other strains it appeared after a longer period of time, or was absent completely. Among the VOCs of some strains, substances such as hexyl acetate, sulfur dioxide were found in small quantities. These substances may be responsible for the pathogenic and repellent properties of the studied fungi with respect to phytophages.
EXAMINATION OF DISINFECTANTS USING AN AUTOMATED SPECTROMETER OPERATING IN THE VISIBLE RANGE OF THE SPECTRUM
Authors:   Saint Petersburg state university of aerospace instrumentation (GUAP), Russia, Maiorov E. E. , Kolesnichenko S. V. ,   Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Tsygankova G. A. ,   The naval polytechnic institute, Pushkin, Russia, Mashek A. C. ,   The naval polytechnic institute, Pushkin, Russia, Konstantinova A. A. ,   Military Academy of telecommunications named. S.M. Budyonny, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Pisareva E. A. ,   Mikhailovskaya military artillery academy, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: November 2021

The paper highlights a modern spectral device for measuring the optical parameters of solid-state materials in liquid-phase. The development of these devices is promising for optical instrumentation and science in general, since these devices are informative, highly accurate and provide reliable information. In the paper the appearance, block diagram and lighting system of the spectrometer are presented. The spectral dependences of the transmission on the wavelength in the visible range of the spectrum for disinfectants Like, Grand, Aqualite (1% solutions) are obtained. For the analysis of the studied substances, specialized cuvettes with a working length from 0.1 to 0.5 mm and leucosapfir optical pads were used. The cuvettes were 0.05 mm thick. The spectrometer provided measurement of the transmission of disinfectants in the wavelength range of 380–760 nm with an error not worse than ΔТ ≤ 2%.
Image-Guided Surgery and Its Future with the Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Najafzadeh Ebrahim , Farnia Parastoo , Ahmadian Alireza
Published: November 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
A Comparison of Conventional Empirical Formula and MCNPX Code in the Estimations of Photon and Neutron Skyshine Rates for an 18MV Radiotherapy Bunker
Authors: Eghdam-Zamiri Reza , Ghiasi Hosein
Published: November 2021

Purpose: A physical phenomenon, scattering the radiation by the atmosphere above the room to the points at ground level around the linac treatment room is known as skyshine radiation. This study aimed to estimate photon and neutron skyshine from a linac in a high-energy radiation therapy facility.
Materials and Methods: The empirical method of NCRP report 151 and MC simulations were employed to estimate skyshine radiation dose from the 18MV linac photon beam. A linac and its bunker were modeled and skyshine dose equivalent from photons and secondary neutrons were derived and compared in the control room, corridor, sidewalk and, parking.
Results: The photon skyshine dose rates calculations by the MC method varied from 0.43 µSv/h at the sidewalk to 6.2 µSv/h at the control room. The ratios of NCRP to MCNP calculations varied from 3.58 for the corridor to 16.14 for the control room. For the neutron skyshine dose rate at distances shorter than 20m, it was found to be 10.4 nSv/h and the ratios of the NCRP to MCNP were 1.26 at the control room and 3.34 at the sidewalk.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the empirical method overestimates photon and neutron skyshine dose rates in comparison to the MCNPX code. The refinement of the proposed empirical method of NCRP 151 and application of MC methods are strongly suggested for more reliable calculations of skyshine radiations.
The Impact of Preprocessing on the PET-CT Radiomics Features in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Ali , Shiri Isaac , Hajianfar Ghasem , Ghafarian Pardis , Bakhshayesh Karam Mehrdad , Ay Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of image preprocessing steps, including Gray Level Discretization (GLD) and different Interpolation Algorithms (IA) on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) radiomics features in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy-two radiomics features from the first-, second-, and higher-order statistic features were calculated from a set of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) images of 20 non-small cell lung cancer delineated tumors with volumes ranging from 10 to 418 cm3 regarding five intensity discretization schemes with the number of gray levels of 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256, and four Interpolation algorithms, including nearest neighbor, tricubic convolution and tricubic spline interpolation, and trilinear were used. Segmentation was based on 3D region growing-based. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Overall Concordance Correlation Coefficient (OCCC), and Coefficient Of Variations (COV) were calculated to demonstrate the features' variability and select robust features. ICC and OCCC < 0.5 presented weak reliability, ICC and OCCC between 0.5 and 0.75 illustrated appropriate reliability, values within 0.75 and 0.9 showed satisfying reliability, and values higher than 0.90 indicate exceptional reliability. Besides, features with less than 10% COV have been selected as robust features.
Results: All morphology family (except four features), statistic, and Intensity volume histogram families were not affected by GLD and IA. And the rest of them, 10 and 61 features showed COV ≤ 5% against GLD and IA, respectively. Ten and 80 features showed excellent reliability (ICC values greater than 0.90) against GLD and IA. Eight and 60 features showed OCCC≥0.90 against GLD and IA, respectively. Based on our results Inverse difference normalized and Inverse difference moment normalized from Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) were the most robust features against GLD and Skewness from intensity histogram family and Inverse difference normalized and Inverse difference moment normalized from GLCM were the most robust features against IA.
Conclusion: Preprocessing can substantially impact the 18F-FDG PET image radiomic features in NSCLC. The impact of gray level discretization on radiomics features is significant and more than Interpolation algorithms.
Brain Activity Measurement during a Mental Arithmetic Task in fNIRS Signal Using Continuous Wavelet Transform
Authors: Aliabadi Farahani Farzaneh , Dadgostar Mehrdad , Einalou Zahra
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive imaging technology with widespread use in cognitive sciences and clinical studies. It indirectly measures neural activation by measuring alterations of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) in tissues. This study used mental arithmetic task for analyzing the activation of the frontal cortex.
Materials and methods: The fNIRS instrument was used for measuring the alterations of HbO2 and Hb in healthy subjects during the task. Then the recorded signals were filtered in the frequency range of 3 to 80 mHz. The Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) of each of the HbO2 and Hb signals in each channel was calculated in the intended frequency range, followed by the calculation of the energy of obtained coefficients. Finally, for the performed tasks, the average energy of each channel in each region was obtained. Then the energies of spatially symmetric channel pairs in the two hemispheres were compared using the t-test.
Results: Results demonstrated that the average energy of HbO2 signal for corresponding channels in the temporal, Medial Prefrontal Cortex (MPFC), and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) regions had significant differences (P<0.05). Also, a significant difference was observed in the temporal, medial prefrontal, and Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex (VLPFC) regions for Hb signal.
Conclusion: The obtained results indicate activation in both HbO2 and Hb signals in the DLPFC, temporal, and MPFC regions, considering the performance of memory and the frontal cortex under mental arithmetic tasks. Therefore, it can be concluded that this technique is effective and appropriate for analyzing alterations of brain oxygen levels during cognitive activity.
Mean Glandular Dose Measurement in Three Mammography Centers in Kashan: An approach to Provide a Local DRL
Authors: Aliasgharzadeh Akbar , Moradi Habiballah , Talakesh Tamara , Motallebzadeh Elham , Ataei Gholamreza , Haghighi Borujeni Meysam , Farhood Bagher
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Mammography is the most important diagnostic modality for early detection of breast cancer, however, concerns related to the side effects induced by ionizing radiation are still present. In the current study, the Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) values for mammography examinations as well as a local Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL) were obtained for mammography centers in Kashan, Iran.
Materials and Methods: Three mammography devices from three radiology centers were selected to obtain the MGD values of mammography examinations. To assess the MGD values, the technical parameters for patients’ imaging at these three radiology centers were extracted. Then, the incident air kerma (in mGy) value received by each patient was measured by a UNIDOS E electrometer (PTW, Germany) along with a SFD mammography ionization chamber (PTW, Germany). Finally, the incident air kerma values were converted to the MGD values by specific conversion factors. Based on the obtained MGD values, a local DRL was also established for mammography examinations.
Results: Mean MGD values per exposure were obtained 2.39 ± 1.46 mGy for Right Craniocaudal (RCC), 2.64 ± 1.67 mGy for Left Craniocaudal (LCC), 2.82 ± 1.89 mGy for Right Mediolateral Oblique (RMLO), and 3.09 ± 1.90 mGy for left mediolateral oblique views. Moreover, a local DRL obtained from mammography examinations, which was established as the overall median of MGD value, was 1.72 mGy (1.91 mGy for digital and 1.32 mGy for analog mammography).
Conclusion: The MGD values for different views obtained in this study are in the range of previously reported values. Considering the European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis, it can be mentioned that the obtained DRL was less than the recommended dose level (2.0 mGy).
EXAMINATION OF THERMOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEAT-PROTECTIVE MATERIAL BASED ON FIBERGLASS DURING DESTRUCTION
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Barinov D.Ya. , Shorstov S.Yu. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Razmahov M.G. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gulyaev A.I. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials» of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: November 2021

When designing advanced samples of aviation and rocket and space technology, during the operation of which the temperature on the surface of the material can exceed the temperature of destruction, it is important to have an understanding of the values of thermophysical properties. The work investigates the thermophysical properties of fiberglass in the initial state and after the binder is burned out in a muffle furnace. The temperature dependences of thermal effects, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity were determined, density was measured, and thermogravimetric analysis was carried out. Using a stereomicroscope, the microstructure of the lateral cut of the samples was examined and its evolution was determined during the burning of the binder.
УГЛЕРОДИСТЫЙ ОСТАТОК ОТ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ НЕФТЕШЛАМА КАК ОСНОВА ДЛЯ БИО-ТОПЛИВНОЙ КОМПОЗИЦИИ
Authors: Tabakaev Roman B. , Larionov Kirill B. , Ibraeva Kanipa T. , Shanenkov Ivan I. , Zavorin Alexander S.
Published: November 2021

Ссылка для цитирования:  Углеродистый остаток от термической переработки нефтешлама как основа для био-топливной композиции  / Р.Б. Табакаев, К.Б. Ларионов, К.Т. Ибраева, И.И.  Шаненков, А.С. Заворин // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2021. – Т. 332. – № 10. – С. 202–212.

Актуальность исследования обуславливается интересом к обеспечению тепловых затрат технологий переработки нефти за счет побочных продуктов (нефтешлама), а также необходимостью снижения вредных выбросов технологических процессов. Цель: исследование возможности сжигания углеродного остатка, полученного при паровой газификации нефтешлама, в составе топливной композиции с добавлением торфа. Объект: углеродистый остаток нефтешлама, полученный после паровой газификации нефтяного шлама при температуре 600 °С, и топливная композиция на его основе с добавлением торфа (25 мас. %). Методы. Теплотехнические характеристики исследуемых образцов определены согласно ГОСТ Р 55661-2013, 33503-2015 и 55660-2013. Значения теплоты сгорания установлены при помощи калориметра АБК-1 (РЭТ, Россия), элементный состав – на анализаторе Vario Micro Cube (Elementar, Германия). Размер частиц УОН установлен при помощи растрового электронного микроскопа JSM-6000C (JEOL, Япония). Исследование процесса горения рассматриваемых образцов осуществлено с помощью дифференциального-термического анализатора STA 449 F3 Jupiter (Netzsch, Germany) и экспериментального стенда, оборудованного высокоскоростной видеокамерой FASTCAM СА4 5 (Photron, CША). Характерные температуры плавкости золы и её состав определены согласно ГОСТ 2057-94 и ГОСТ 10538-87 соответственно. Результаты. Углеродистый остаток нефтешлама имеет превышающую торф и сопоставимую с бурыми углями теплоту сгорания и довольно низкую температуру воспламенения (220 °C), что обусловлено довольно высоким содержанием летучих веществ (Vdaf =64,3 %). Однако высокие значения зольности (Ad=60 %) и содержания серы (Sdaf=4,3 %) указывают на необходимость утилизации большого количества золы и улавливания окислов серы SOx. Показано, что совместное сжигание углеродистого остатка и торфа (25 мас. %) позволило снизить количество образующегося зольного остатка. Помимо этого, при добавлении 25 мас. % суховского торфа удалось снизить количество образующихся выбросов SO2 более чем в 3 раза. Этот эффект обусловлен взаимодействием газовой фазы с минеральной частью торфа, а именно, с карбонатами кальция и магния.
Evaluation of Certain Physico-chemical and Sensory Qualities of Chicken Nuggets Incorporated with Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Flour
Authors: Richa K. , Laskar S.K. , Das A. , Hazarika M. , Choudhury S. , Sonowal S. , Upadhyay S.
Published: November 2021

Background: The present work was conducted to study the effect of incorporation of three different levels of black rice flour along with other non- meat ingredients on certain physico-chemical and sensory qualities of chicken nuggets. Methods: The chicken nuggets were prepared with the formulations i.e. control (0% black rice flour), T1 (1% black rice flour), T2 (3% black rice flour) and T3 (5% black rice flour). Emulsion stability (ES) and cooking yield were recorded for treated and control formulations on the day of preparation. The pH, water activity, TBARS value and sensory qualities were evaluated on day 1,5,10 and 15. Result: Addition of black rice flour at 1,3 and 5 per cent level resulted no adverse effect on physicochemical qualities of chicken nuggets. Sensory evaluation revealed that chicken nuggets could be prepared satisfactorily with addition of up to 5 per cent black rice flour without adversely affecting the organoleptic qualities of the products.