bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book Review: Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia
Authors: Fehrmann Paul
Published: December 2017

It is clear that the world of Islam is profoundly important, and also that there are wide and conflicting views on Islam today. Similarly, it seems clear that we should pursue efforts to promote the understanding of Islam. In response, a goal of the four volume Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia (IAWE) is to give “basic information on Islam” and to “shed light” on “controversial issues” (xxvii). In his opening comments, the editor, a Professor of International Law and Politics at Eskişehir Osmangazi University and Senior Researcher at the Wise Men Center for Strategic Research in Turkey, notes that there have been “a wide range of different interpretations and variations of Islam throughout history” (xxvii). He suggests that Muslims need to revive the “strong tradition of academic debate” that was integral to Islamic studies “in early decades of Islam,” and affirms support for the “diverse and plural nature of contemporary Islamic scholarship” (xxviii). At the same time, he is concerned that “disputed issues” may lead to “biases and stereotypes in the minds of Western people,” and hopes that this new resource can both “contribute to the pursuit of a common ground” between those of different faiths, and help a Western audience become more familiar with what Islam has to offer (xxviii).
Book Review: Stress in the Modern World: Understanding Science and Society
Authors: Chercourt Mina
Published: December 2017

Stress in the Modern World: Understanding Science and Society is a two-volume reference set that looks at a wide array of aspects of stress. It looks at the impact stress has on both physical and psychological health. It offers both theoretical and practical perspectives. It “presents a variety of theories, external and internal triggers of the stress experience, and both effective and ineffective coping mechanisms” (xvi).
Book Review: The Complete Book of 2000s Broadway Musicals
Authors: Carr Tracy
Published: December 2017

The Complete Book of 2000s Broadway Musicals is arranged by year and lists each Broadway musical chronologically. The introduction states that the purpose of the work is to “provide a convenient reference source that gives both technical information (such as cast and song lists) and commentary (including obscure details that personalize both familiar and forgotten musicals” (xi). As in Dietz’s other volumes in this series, the reader comes for the technical information, but stays for the commentary.
The NIST Johnson Noise Thermometry System for the Determination of the Boltzmann
Constant
Authors: Flowers-Jacobs Nathan E. , Pollarolo Alessio , Coakley Kevin J. , Weis Adam C. , Fox Anna E. , Rogalla Horst , Tew Weston L. , Benz Samuel P.
Published: December 2017

In preparation for the redefinition of the International System of Units (SI),
five different electronic measurements of the Boltzmann constant have been performed
using different Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) systems over the past seven years. In
this paper, we describe in detail the JNT system and uncertainty components associated
with the most recent National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) determination
of the Boltzmann constant: k = 1.380642 9(69) × 10−23 J/K, with a relative standard
uncertainty of 5.0 × 10−6 and relative offset of −4.05 × 10−6 from the Committee on Data
for Science and Technology (CODATA) 2014 recommended value. We discuss the input
circuits and the approach we used to match the frequency response of two noise sources.
We present new measurements of the correlated noise of the 4 K on-chip resistors in the
quantum-accurate, pseudorandom, voltage-noise source, which we used to estimate the
correlated, frequency-dependent, nonthermal noise in our system. Finally, we contrast
our system with those used in other measurements and speculate on future
improvements.
Wireless Networks Coexistence in Unlicensed Bands
Authors: Nikolić Zorica , Milošević Nenad , Tošić Milorad , Nejković Valentina , Jelenković Filip
Published: December 2017

Mobile communication networks are constantly evolving, and each new generation provides considerably higher datatransmission capabilities. Having in mind predictions of high cellular data traffic growth over the next few years, it is clear that thelicensed band communications would have problems to support such a high bandwidth demand. One of the possible solutions to thisproblem is to adaptively use some additional spectrum out of the dedicated licensed band, such as the unlicensed bands. LTE-Astandard introduced a new mechanism, named Carrier Aggregation, which provides the possibility to simultaneously use multiplefrequency bands, such as the licensed and unlicensed bands. In order to work in an unlicensed band, LTE has to employ some newprocedures that provide shared access with other systems using the same frequency band, such as WiFi. These procedures includespectrum sensing, dynamic frequency selection, as well as the coordination of the shared access. Performance measurements and theanalysis of the procedures in 5 GHz frequency band will be shown in this paper. Since there is no available LTE hardware operating in5 GHz band, it has to be made in a laboratory using the software radio approach. The description of such an experiment may becomplex, and therefore we describe and propose the concept of the automatic experiment code generation. The automatic codegeneration is based on the semantic descriptions of experiments, and it is flexible due to the adoption of the domain and systemontologies for formal representation of the semantics of the problem.
Non – Regenerative IPMSM Drive Braking Scheme Based on q – Axis Current Component Limiting
Authors: Matić Petar , Marčetić Darko
Published: December 2017

In the paper a non-regenerative braking scheme for high speed Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM)drive is presented. Due to price constraints, general purpose electric drives with IPMSMs are not equipped with a drive converterwhich allows energy recovery to the primary source. These drives are usually used for driving strictly reactive loads, in which brakingmode is used only during deceleration. Therefore, in these drives it is necessary to use methods for dissipating braking energy in themotor itself and in the inverter. The paper provides theoretical analysis of various methods for non-regenerative IPMSM brakingschemes, mathematical models, and the proposal of one solution suitable for use in high-speed applications based on limiting q – axiscurrent component. Proposed solution controls recovery energy by keeping DC link voltage within given voltage margin, thuspreventing unacceptable voltage rise during braking. Braking strategy is added into common IPMSM Field Oriented Control (FOC)control structure with Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) and Field Weakening (FW) algorithms. During the braking, MTPAstrategy is suspended and non – regenerative braking is performed instead. In the proposed braking scheme voltage margin is alsotaken into account, by selecting proper d-axis reference current adjusted to the available voltage, so the scheme is also applicable in FWmode.
Molecular structure of human KATP in complex with ATP and ADP
Authors: Lee Kenneth Pak Kin , Chen Jue , MacKinnon Roderick
Published: December 2017

In many excitable cells, KATP channels respond to intracellular adenosine nucleotides: ATP inhibits while ADP activates. We present two structures of the human pancreatic KATP channel, containing the ABC transporter SUR1 and the inward-rectifier K+ channel Kir6.2, in the presence of Mg2+ and nucleotides. These structures, referred to as quatrefoil and propeller forms, were determined by single-particle cryo-EM at 3.9 Å and 5.6 Å, respectively. In both forms, ATP occupies the inhibitory site in Kir6.2. The nucleotide-binding domains of SUR1 are dimerized with Mg2+-ATP in the degenerate site and Mg2+-ADP in the consensus site. A lasso extension forms an interface between SUR1 and Kir6.2 adjacent to the ATP site in the propeller form and is disrupted in the quatrefoil form. These structures support the role of SUR1 as an ADP sensor and highlight the lasso extension as a key regulatory element in ADP’s ability to override ATP inhibition.
Environmental stimuli shape microglial plasticity in glioma
Authors: Garofalo Stefano , Porzia Alessandra , Mainiero Fabrizio , Di Angelantonio Silvia , Cortese Barbara , Basilico Bernadette , Pagani Francesca , Cignitti Giorgio , Chece Giuseppina , Maggio Roberta , Tremblay Marie-Eve , Savage Julie , Bisht Kanchan , Esposito Vincenzo , Bernardini Giovanni , Seyfried Thomas , Mieczkowski Jakub , Stepniak Karolina , Kaminska Bozena , Santoni Angela , Limatola Cristina
Published: December 2017

In glioma, microglia and infiltrating macrophages are exposed to factors that force them to produce cytokines and chemokines, which contribute to tumor growth and to maintaining a pro-tumorigenic, immunosuppressed microenvironment. We demonstrate that housing glioma-bearing mice in enriched environment (EE) reverts the immunosuppressive phenotype of infiltrating myeloid cells, by modulating inflammatory gene expression. Under these conditions, the branching and patrolling activity of myeloid cells is increased, and their phagocytic activity is promoted. Modulation of gene expression depends on interferon-(IFN)-γ produced by natural killer (NK) cells. This modulation disappears in mice depleted of NK cells or lacking IFN-γ, and was mimicked by exogenous interleukin-15 (IL-15). Further, we describe a key role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that is produced in the brain of mice housed in EE, in mediating the expression of IL-15 in CD11b+ cells. These data define novel mechanisms linking environmental cues to the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory, anti-tumor microenvironment in mouse brain.
Uniaxial Compressive Strengths of Rocks Drilled at Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Peters G. H. , Carey E. M. , Anderson R. C. , Abbey W. J. , Kinnett R. , Watkins J. A. , Schemel M. , Lashore M. O. , Chasek M. D. , Green W. , Beegle L. W. , Vasavada A. R.
Published: December 2017

Measuring the physical properties of geological materials is important for understanding geologic history. Yet there has never been an instrument with the purpose of measuring mechanical properties of rocks sent to another planet. The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover employs the Powder Acquisition Drill System (PADS), which provides direct mechanical interaction with Martian outcrops. While the objective of the drill system is not to make scientific measurements, the drill's performance is directly influenced by the mechanical properties of the rocks it drills into. We have developed a methodology that uses the drill to indicate the uniaxial compressive strengths of rocks through comparison with performance of an identically assembled drill system in terrestrial samples of comparable sedimentary class. During this investigation, we utilize engineering data collected on Mars to calculate the percussive energy needed to maintain a prescribed rate of penetration and correlate that to rock strength.
Topographic Beta Spiral and Onshore Intrusion of the Kuroshio Current
Authors: Yang De‐Zhou , Huang Rui Xin , Yin Bao‐shu , Feng Xing‐Ru , Chen Hai‐ying , Qi Ji‐Feng , Xu Ling‐jing , Shi Yun‐long , Cui Xuan , Gao Guan‐Dong , Benthuysen Jessica A.
Published: December 2017

The Kuroshio intrusion plays a vitally important role in carrying nutrients to marginal seas. However, the key mechanism leading to the Kuroshio intrusion remains unclear. In this study we postulate a mechanism: when the Kuroshio runs onto steep topography northeast of Taiwan, the strong inertia gives rise to upwelling over topography, leading to a left‐hand spiral in the stratified ocean. This is called the topographic beta spiral, which is a major player regulating the Kuroshio intrusion; this spiral can be inferred from hydrographic surveys. In the world oceans, the topographic beta spirals can be induced by upwelling generated by strong currents running onto steep topography. This is a vital mechanism regulating onshore intruding flow and the cross‐shelf transport of energy and nutrients from the Kuroshio Current to the East China Sea. This topographic beta spiral reveals a long‐term missing link between the oceanic general circulation theory and shelf dynamic theory.
Multicenter Delphi Exercise to Identify Important Key Items for Classifying Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Schmajuk Gabriela , Hoyer Bimba F. , Aringer Martin , Johnson Sindhu R. , Daikh David I. , Dörner Thomas ,   the SLE classification criteria steering committee and the international SLE expert panel of the initiative
Published: December 2017

Objective

The American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism embarked on a project to reevaluate classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The first phase of the classification project involved generation of a broad set of items potentially useful for classification of SLE and their selection for use in a subsequent forced‐choice decision analysis.

Methods

A large international group of expert lupus clinicians was invited to participate in a 2‐step process to generate, rate, and select items based on their importance in diagnosing early and established SLE, via a web‐based survey.

Results

A total of 135 and 147 experts were invited to participate in the item‐generation and item‐reduction process, respectively. Of 145 items generated, item reduction resulted in 40 candidate items moving forward to the next phase. Key features for classifying both early and established SLE included characteristic autoantibodies, specific renal features, and skin manifestations. A small majority (51%) stated that 1 organ system would be sufficient for classifying SLE, but that additional typical laboratory features (antinuclear antibody, anti–double‐stranded DNA) would be required. Notably, 85% of the expert group would positively classify SLE if renal pathology alone showed lupus nephritis.

Conclusion

The Delphi exercise resulted in a set of 40 candidate criteria for the classification of SLE for subsequent assessment. This study comprised the largest panel ever involved in the development of SLE classification criteria, providing a broadly representative view of the current approach to classification of SLE.
Development and Characterization of a Sucrose Microneedle Neural Electrode Delivery System
Authors: Apollo Nicholas V. , Jiang Jonathan , Cheung Warwick , Baquier Sebastien , Lai Alan , Mirebedini Azadeh , Foroughi Javad , Wallace Gordon G. , Shivdasani Mohit N. , Prawer Steven , Chen Shou , Williams Richard , Cook Mark J. , Nayagam David A. X. , Garrett David J.
Published: December 2017

Stable brain–machine interfaces present extraordinary therapeutic and scientific promise. However, the electrode–tissue interface is susceptible to instability and damage during long‐term implantation. Soft, flexible electrodes demonstrate improved longevity, but pose a new challenge with regard to simple and accurate surgical implantation. A high aspect ratio water‐soluble microneedle is developed based on sucrose which permits straightforward surgical implantation of soft, flexible microelectrodes. Here, a description of the microneedle manufacturing process is presented, along with in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy assessments. Successful fabrication requires control of the glass transition temperature of aqueous sucrose solutions. The insertion force of 5 different microneedle electrode vehicles is studied in agarose brain phantoms, with the sucrose microneedle eliciting the lowest insertion force and strain energy transfer. Short‐ and long‐term assessments of the pathological response to sucrose microneedle implantations in the brain suggest minimal tissue reactions, comparable to those observed following stainless‐steel hypodermic needle punctures. Finally, microelectrodes fabricated from graphene, carbon nanotubes, or platinum are embedded in sucrose microneedles and implanted into an epileptic rat model for 22 d. All electrodes are functional throughout the implantation period, with the graphene electrode exhibiting the largest seizure signal‐to‐noise ratio and only modest changes in impedance.
Material Design of Transparent Oxide Semiconductors for Organic Electronics: Why Do Zinc Silicate Thin Films Have Exceptional Properties?
Authors: Nakamura Nobuhiro , Kim Junghwan , Hosono Hideo
Published: December 2017

Device application of organic electronics demands materials with seemingly incompatible properties. A material with a low work function, high mobility, high visible transparency, and chemical stability for electron injection/transport of organic light‐emitting diodes is required. Typical n‐type organic semiconductor materials with a low work function do not satisfy the requirements for high mobility, transparency, and chemical stability. In contrast, conventional transparent oxide semiconductors do not meet the criterion of low work function. A zinc silicate thin film has a low work function (≈3.5 eV); it also satisfies the other requirements. The present paper elucidates the reasons for such exceptional properties. It is revealed that the zinc silicate thin films comprise ZnO nanocrystals, each of which is optically separated by an extremely thin amorphous ZnO–SiO2 layer. Such a unique nanostructure gives rise to the quantum‐size effect of ZnO nanocrystals, leading to low work functions and hopping conduction; this enables it to meet the criterion for a low work function and also enables relatively higher mobility (0.3–1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1) than those of the n‐type organic semiconductors. Based on these findings, a material design idea is proposed to realize incompatible properties even using compositions of naturally abundant constituents.
Vasomotor, urogenital, psychological, and somatic symptoms in association with CYP1B1 polymorphisms in Slovak women of different menopausal status
Authors: Candráková Čerňanová Veronika , Danková Zuzana , Vorobeľová Lenka , Cvíčelová Marta , Siváková Daniela
Published: December 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine if the Arg48Gly, Ala119Ser, Leu432Val, and Asn453Ser polymorphisms in the CYP1B1 estrogen‐metabolizing gene are associated with menopausal symptom experience in healthy Slovak women aged 40–60 years. We also investigated the possible association of other factors with menopausal symptoms, including health status, physical activity, reproductive history, psychological status, and smoking.

Methods

The total sample consisted of 367 women (mean age 49.11 ± 5.86 years), encompassing 180 premenopausal (mean age 45.06 ± 3.81 years), 29 peri‐menopausal (mean age 49.41 ± 3.94 years), and 158 postmenopausal (mean age 53.71 ± 4.54 years) women. The research comprised anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements (BIA), blood or saliva samples collected for DNA analysis, and a specific menopausal questionnaire.

Results

CYP1B1 Arg48Gly is significantly associated with vasomotor, psychological, and somatic symptoms. It appears that the Gly/Gly genotype is a risk factor during the postmenopause and protective in the pre‐ and peri‐menopause. CYP1B1 Ala119Ser was associated with all menopausal symptoms, with the Ser/Ser genotype increasing risk in the premenopause and offering protection in the peri‐ and postmenopause. Polymorphisms Leu432Val and Asn453Ser gave unequivocal results; independent of menopausal status, the Leu/Leu genotype was associated with increasing risk of vasomotor, urogenital, and psychological symptoms and the Asn/Asn genotype provided a protective effect against psychological symptoms.

Conclusions

Our results suggest possible associations of CYP1B1 polymorphisms with the occurrence and manifestation of particular menopausal symptoms in healthy mid‐life Slovak women.
Effective removal of a cobalt‐tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine dye from an aqueous solution with a novel modified chitosan‐based superabsorbent hydrogel
Authors: Karimi Ali Reza , Rostaminezhad Bahare , Khodadadi Azam
Published: December 2017

Industrial wastewaters from the Merox process are heavily polluted by toxic cobalt‐tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (CoTsPc) dye catalyst, and in this article, we describe the synthesis of novel chitosan hydrogels and their adsorption capabilities against CoTsPc as biosorbents. In this study, novel chitosan hydrogels were crosslinked by 3,3′,4,4′‐tetracarboxybenzophenone dianhydride and used for the first time. The adsorption capacities of the hydrogels were significantly improved, and they exhibited excellent sorption behavior with ammonium sulfate modification. The adsorption behavior was observed to be pH dependent, and the optimum pH was found to be 8. Moreover, the swelling studies indicated that the hydrogels are superabsorbent. The reusability of these dye‐adsorbent hydrogels was also evaluated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46167.
Thermal and mechanical properties of tetra‐functional mesogenic type epoxy resin cured with aromatic amine
Authors: Harada Miyuki , Morioka Daichi , Ochi Mitsukazu
Published: December 2017

A novel tetra‐functional epoxy monomer with mesogenic groups was synthesized and characterized by 1H‐NMR and FTIR. The synthesized epoxy monomer was cured with aromatic amine to improve the thermal property of epoxy/amine cured system. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the cured system were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and thermal mechanical analysis. The properties of the cured system were compared with the conventional bisphenol‐A type epoxy and mesogenic type epoxy system. The storage modulus of the tetra‐functional mesogenic epoxy cured systems showed the value of 0.96 GPa at 250 °C, and Tg‐less behavior was clearly observed. The cured system also showed a low CTE at temperatures above 150 °C without incorporation of inorganic components. These phenomena were achieved by suppression of the thermal motion of network chains by introduction of both mesogenic groups and branched structure to increase the cross linking density. The temperature dependency of the tensile property and thermal conductivity of the cured system was also investigated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46181.
Review: The Tumor‐Like Phenotype of Rheumatoid Synovium: Molecular Profiling and Prospects for Precision Medicine
Authors: You Sungyong , Koh Jung Hee , Leng Lin , Kim Wan‐Uk , Bucala Richard
Published: December 2017

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by destructive hyperplasia of the synovium. Fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) are a major component of synovial pannus and actively participate in the pathologic progression of RA. How rheumatoid FLS acquire and sustain such a uniquely aggressive phenotype remains poorly understood. We describe the current state of knowledge of the molecular alterations in rheumatoid FLS at the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels, which offers a means to reconstruct the pathways leading to rheumatoid pannus. Such data provide new pathologic insight and suggest means to more sensitively assess disease activity and response to therapy, as well as support new avenues for therapeutic development.
Cognitive enhancement therapy for adult autism spectrum disorder: Results of an 18‐month randomized clinical trial
Authors: Eack Shaun M. , Hogarty Susan S. , Greenwald Deborah P. , Litschge Maralee Y. , Porton Shannondora A. , Mazefsky Carla A. , Minshew Nancy J.
Published: December 2017

Cognitive remediation is a promising approach to treating core cognitive deficits in adults with autism, but rigorously controlled trials of comprehensive interventions that target both social and non‐social cognition over a sufficient period of time to impact functioning are lacking. This study examined the efficacy of cognitive enhancement therapy (CET) for improving core cognitive and employment outcomes in adult autism. Verbal adult outpatients with autism spectrum disorder (N = 54) were randomized to an 18‐month, single‐blind trial of CET, a cognitive remediation approach that integrates computer‐based neurocognitive training with group‐based training in social cognition, or an active enriched supportive therapy (EST) comparison focused on psychoeducation and condition management. Primary outcomes were composite indexes of neurocognitive and social‐cognitive change. Competitive employment was a secondary outcome. Intent‐to‐treat analyses indicated that CET produced significant differential increases in neurocognitive function relative to EST (d = .46, P = .013). Both CET and EST were associated with large social‐cognitive improvements, with CET demonstrating an advantage at 9 (d = .58, P = 0.020), but not 18 months (d = .27, P = 0.298). Effects on employment indicated that participants treated with CET were significantly more likely to gain competitive employment than those in EST, OR = 6.21, P = 0.023, which was mediated by cognitive improvement. CET is a feasible and potentially effective treatment for core cognitive deficits in adult autism spectrum disorder. The treatment of cognitive impairments in this population can contribute to meaningful improvements in adult outcomes. Autism Res 2018, 11: 519–530. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Cognitive enhancement therapy (CET), an 18‐month cognitive remediation intervention designed to improve thinking and social understanding, was found to be more effective than supportive therapy at improving mental quickness, attention, and employment in adults living with autism. Social understanding was equally improved in CET and supportive therapy. Cognitive remediation interventions are feasible and may confer significant functional benefits to adults with autism.
Mitochondrial ATAD3A regulates milk biosynthesis and proliferation of mammary epithelial cells from dairy cow via the mTOR pathway
Authors: Chen Dongying , Yuan Xiaohan , Liu Lijie , Zhang Minghui , Qu Bo , Zhen Zhen , Gao Xuejun
Published: December 2017

ATPase family AAA‐domain containing protein 3A (ATAD3A) is a nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial membrane protein, which is essential for cell growth and metabolism. The mechanism by which ATAD3A acts is still not fully understood. In this study, we explored the regulatory role of ATAD3A on milk biosynthesis and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cell. We showed that ATAD3A is localized in mitochondria and the expression of ATAD3A was up‐regulated in response to extracellular stimuli such as amino acids and hormones. We observed that ATAD3A positively regulated milk protein, fat, and lactose biosynthesis, and cell proliferation. We further revealed that ATAD3A promoted the expressions of mTOR, SREBP‐1c, and Cyclin D1, and triggers mTOR phosphorylation. In summary, our data reveal that ATAD3A regulates the mTOR, SREBP‐1c, and Cyclin D1 signaling pathways for milk biosynthesis and cell proliferation.
Predicting delinquency by self‐reported impulsivity in adolescents in Ghana
Authors: Adjorlolo Samuel , Asamoah Edward , Adu‐Poku Sarah
Published: December 2017

Background

Impulsivity is one of several variables associated with delinquent and criminal acts, but its utility depends on the psychometric properties of the measure used.

Aim

To investigate the latent structure of the abbreviated Barratt Impulsivity Scale (ABIS) and its convergent validity with measures of aggression and psychopathy in a Ghanaian sample.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional survey, high school students were recruited from two randomly selected schools in Ghana and asked to respond to the ABIS and measures of delinquency, aggression and psychopathy.

Results

Three hundred and sixty‐three young people, aged 15–19 were recruited, 149 (41%) boys. Findings supported a three‐factor (attention, motor and non‐planning) structure of impulsivity, which did not differ by sex. Motor and attentional impulsivity were associated with both violent and general delinquent behaviours. Impulsivity scores also correlated with aggression and psychopathy scores, thus providing evidence of convergent validity.

Conclusion

The ABIS was shown to have sound psychometrics in a standard Ghanaian secondary school sample. Even in this group, where delinquency and antisocial behaviours were of low frequency, its motor and attention impulsivity scores were shown to have some relationship with violent and general delinquent behaviours, suggesting that the ABIS could be a useful tool across cultures for identifying adolescents at high risk of such problems and intervening early to limit damage. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Domino Ring Expansion: Regioselective Access to 9‐Membered Lactones with a Fused Indole Unit from 2‐Nitrophenyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanediones
Authors: Loya David Reyes , Jean Alexandre , Cormier Morgan , Fressigné Catherine , Nejrotti Stefano , Blanchet Jérôme , Maddaluno Jacques , De Paolis Michaël
Published: December 2017

The domino anionic fragmentation of 2‐nitrophenyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanediones containing an electrophilic appendage such as aldehyde and epoxide is disclosed. This reaction, initiated by a series of nucleophiles, involves the generation of an intermediate hydroxylate followed by the regioselective formation and fragmentation of an intermediate lactolate into enolate. This strategy, devoid of any protecting group, enlarges the initial ring and provides an original access to decorated 9‐membered lactones with a fused indole unit.
Routine Method for the Analysis of Short‐Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Surface Water and Wastewater
Authors: Rubirola Adrià , Santos Francisco J. , Boleda M. Rosa , Galceran M. Teresa
Published: December 2017

Short‐chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are persistent compounds that are included in the list of priority substances in the field of water policy of the European Union in 2001. In this paper, a method based on liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC‐ECD) is evaluated to be proposed for the routine analysis of SCCPs in environmental water. Limits of quantification (LOQ) at ng L−1 levels that allow compliance with the maximum admissible level established in the Directive 2013/39/EU, good precision (lower than 11%) and expanded measurement uncertainties (ISO 11352) (lower than 20%) for surface and wastewater samples are obtained. The good agreement between the results found using GC‐ECD and gas chromatography coupled with negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC‐NICI‐MS), with relative errors lower than 13%, showed that GC‐ECD is a reliable method to control the presence of SCCPs in environmental water. The method is applied to river and wastewater samples collected in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (Spain). SCCPs are found in all the influents of wastewater treatment plants at concentrations ranging from <0.01 (MLOQ) to 3.20 μg L−1, while in the effluents they are detected in 54% of samples at levels below 0.13 μg L−1. SCCPs are not detected at the intake of a drinking water treatment plant that supply water to Barcelona city and only sporadically in the Llobregat River.
Hit Dexter: A Machine‐Learning Model for the Prediction of Frequent Hitters
Authors: Stork Conrad , Wagner Johannes , Friedrich Nils‐Ole , de Bruyn Kops Christina , Šícho Martin , Kirchmair Johannes
Published: December 2017

False‐positive assay readouts caused by badly behaving compounds—frequent hitters, pan‐assay interference compounds (PAINS), aggregators, and others—continue to pose a major challenge to experimental screening. There are only a few in silico methods that allow the prediction of such problematic compounds. We report the development of Hit Dexter, two extremely randomized trees classifiers for the prediction of compounds likely to trigger positive assay readouts either by true promiscuity or by assay interference. The models were trained on a well‐prepared dataset extracted from the PubChem Bioassay database, consisting of approximately 311 000 compounds tested for activity on at least 50 proteins. Hit Dexter reached MCC and AUC values of up to 0.67 and 0.96 on an independent test set, respectively. The models are expected to be of high value, in particular to medicinal chemists and biochemists who can use Hit Dexter to identify compounds for which extra caution should be exercised with positive assay readouts. Hit Dexter is available as a free web service at http://hitdexter.zbh. uni‐hamburg.de.
Endogenous Metabolites‐Mediated Communication Between OAT1/OAT3 and OATP1B1 May Explain the Association Between SLCO1B1 SNPs and Methotrexate Toxicity
Authors: Martinez David , Muhrez Kienana , Woillard Jean‐Baptiste , Berthelot Aline , Gyan Emmanuel , Choquet Sylvain , Andrès Christian R. , Marquet Pierre , Barin‐Le Guellec Chantal
Published: December 2017

Although OATP1B1 is not expressed in the kidney, polymorphisms in SLCO1B1 have been associated with methotrexate clearance or toxicity. This unexpected pharmacogenetic association may reflect remote communication between liver and kidney transporters. This study confirms the pharmacogenetic association with methotrexate toxicity in adult patients with hematological malignancies. Using a targeted urinary metabolomics approach, we identified 38 and 34 metabolites which were differentially excreted between wildtype and carriers of the c.388A>G or c.521T>C variant alleles, respectively, half of them being associated with methotrexate toxicity. These metabolites mainly consisted of fatty acid derivatives and microbiota catabolites, including glycine conjugates and other uremic toxins, all known OATs substrates. These results suggest that dysfunction of a transporter affects the excretion profile of endogenous or exogenous substrates, possibly through metabolite‐mediated interactions involving other transport systems, even in distant organs. This opens the way for better comprehension of complex pharmacokinetics and transporter‐mediated drug–drug or nutrient–drug interactions.
Opioid Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Overview
Authors: Wexelblatt Scott L. , McAllister Jennifer M. , Nathan Amy T. , Hall Eric S.
Published: December 2017

Opioid neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) refers to signs of withdrawal observed in infants experiencing intrauterine opioid exposures. Early identification of at‐risk infants allows for the prompt initiation of nonpharmacologic supportive care. When withdrawal symptoms are severe despite these interventions, pharmacologic therapy including opioid weaning is initiated. Consistency with standardized nonpharmacologic approaches as well as stringent weaning protocols are important in minimizing the length of stay and length of pharmacologic treatment for these vulnerable patients.
Computational and experimental exploration of the structure–activity relationships of flavonoids as potent glyoxalase‐I inhibitors
Authors: Al‐Balas Qosay A. , Hassan Mohammad A. , Al‐Shar'i Nizar A. , El‐Elimat Tamam , Almaaytah Ammar M.
Published: December 2017

Hit, Lead & Candidate Discovery

Glyoxalase‐I (Glo‐I) enzyme has emerged as a potential target for cancer treatment. Several classes of natural products including coumarins and flavonoids have shown remarkable Glo‐I inhibitory activity. In the present study, computational and experimental approaches were used to explore the structure–activity relationships of a panel of 24 flavonoids as inhibitors of the Glo‐1 enzyme. Scutellarein with an IC50 value of 2.04 μM was identified as the most potent inhibitor among the series studied. Di‐ or tri‐hydroxylation of the benzene rings A and B accompanied with a C2/C3 double bond in ring C were identified as essential structural features for enzyme inhibition. Moreover, the ketol system showed a minor role in the inhibitory power of these compounds. The structure‐activity relationships revealed in this study had deepened our understanding of the Glo‐I inhibitory activities of flavonoids and opened the door for further exploration of this promising compound class.
Will a small randomly assembled community be feasible and stable?
Authors: Song Chuliang , Saavedra Serguei
Published: December 2017

How likely is it that few species can randomly assemble into a feasible and stable community? Some studies have answered that as long as the community is feasible, it will nearly always be stable. In contrast, other studies have answered that the likelihood is almost null. Here, we show that the origin of this debate has been the underestimation of the association of the parameter space of intrinsic growth rates with the feasibility and stability properties of small randomly‐assembled communities. In particular, we demonstrate that not all parameterizations and sampling distributions of intrinsic growth rates lead to the same probabilities of stability and feasibility, which could mistakenly lead to under‐ or overestimate the stability properties of feasible communities. Additionally, we find that stability imposes a filtering of species abundances “towards” more even distributions in small feasible randomly‐assembled communities. This indicates that the stability of feasible communities is inherently linked to the starting distribution of species abundances, a characteristic that many times has been ignored, but should be incorporated in manageable lab and field experiments. Overall, the return to this debate is a central reminder that a more systematic exploration of the feasible parameter space is necessary to derive general conclusions about the stability properties of ecological communities.
Impact of a ‘stent for life’ initiative on post‐ST elevation myocardial infarction heart failure: a 15 year heart failure clinic experience
Authors: Bayes‐Genis Antoni , García Cosme , de Antonio Marta , Fernandez‐Nofrerías Eduard , Domingo Mar , Zamora Elisabet , Moliner Pedro , Lupón Josep
Published: December 2017

Aims

Multidisciplinary heart failure (HF) clinics are a cornerstone of contemporary HF management. The stent‐for‐life (SFL) initiative improves mortality after ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but its impact in post‐STEMI HF is not well characterized. Here we assessed the impact of SFL among patients referred to a multidisciplinary HF clinic over a 15 year time period.

Methods and results

Between 2001 and 2015, 1921 patients were admitted to our HF clinic. In 2009, Catalonia established the Codi IAM network, a regional STEMI network that prioritizes primary percutaneous coronary intervention in STEMI. Patients admitted during the study period were divided into two groups based on admission date: pre‐SFL (2001–June 2009; n = 1031) and post‐SFL (July 2009–2015; n = 890). Compared with those in the pre‐SFL group, patients admitted in the post‐SFL period had better New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (22.1 vs. 38.7 NYHA classes III–IV; P < 0.001) and higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (36.1 ± 19.6 vs. 32.6 ± 13.4; P < 0.001). Among STEMI survivors, 101 (6.7%) pre‐SFL patients and 40 (2%) post‐SFL patients (P < 0.001) fulfilled the criteria for HF clinic referral (Killip–Kimball class ≥ 2 during index admission and/or LVEF of <40%). Furthermore, among patients admitted to the HF clinic, post‐STEMI HF with reduced ejection fraction patients comprised 8.9% of the pre‐SFL group and only 4.2% of the post‐SFL group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Among patients treated at our multidisciplinary HF clinic, the adoption of an SFL network has decreased the prevalence of post‐STEMI HF with reduced ejection fraction.
Aire controls the recirculation of murine Foxp3+ regulatory T‐cells back to the thymus
Authors: Cowan Jennifer E. , Baik Song , McCarthy Nicholas I. , Parnell Sonia M. , White Andrea J. , Jenkinson William E. , Anderson Graham
Published: December 2017

In the thymus, medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) determine the fate of newly selected CD4+ and CD8+ single positive (SP) thymocytes. For example, mTEC expression of Aire controls intrathymic self‐antigen availability for negative selection. Interestingly, alterations in both Foxp3+ Regulatory T‐cells (T‐Reg) and conventional SP thymocytes in Aire−/− mice suggest additional, yet poorly understood, roles for Aire during intrathymic T‐cell development. To examine this, we analysed thymocytes from Aire−/− mice using Rag2GFP and Foxp3 expression, and a recently described CD69/MHCI subset definition of post‐selection CD4+ conventional thymocytes. We show that while Aire is dispensable for de novo generation of conventional αβT‐cells, it plays a key role in controlling the intrathymic T‐Reg pool. Surprisingly, a decline in intrathymic T‐Reg in Aire−/− mice maps to a reduction in mature recirculating Rag2GFP− T‐Reg that express CCR6 and re‐enter the thymus from the periphery. Furthermore, we show mTEC expression of the CCR6 ligand CCL20 is reduced in Aire−/− mice, and that CCR6 is required for T‐Reg recirculation back to the thymus. Collectively, our study re‐defines requirements for late stage intrathymic αβT‐cell development, and demonstrates that Aire controls a CCR6‐CCL20 axis that determines the developmental makeup of the intrathymic T‐Reg pool.
Reminiscences of a Retiring Editor‐in‐Chief
Authors: Hindson Karen
Published: December 2017

Editor‐in‐Chief Karen Hindson describes the changes over 27 years of publishing during her career in Weinheim. From the exciting twentieth anniversary year, she hands over the baton to Preeti Vashi as Editor‐in‐Chief of EurJIC.
Simple Synthesis of Phytochemicals by Heterogeneous Pd‐ and Ir‐Catalyzed Hydrogen‐Borrowing C–C Bond Formation
Authors: Hori Yoji , Suruga Chiharu , Akabayashi Yuta , Ishikawa Tomoka , Saito Marina , Myoda Takao , Toeda Kazuki , Maeda Yuna , Yoshida Yutaka
Published: December 2017

Chitin‐supported palladium and iridium catalysts (i.e., Pd/chitin, Ir/chitin) successfully promote the hydrogen borrowing C–C bond formation reaction to afford phytochemicals and aroma compounds in excellent yields.
Electrochemical Properties of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles – The Role of Doping Ions and Synthesis Medium
Authors: Jaworska Ewa , Kisiel Anna , Michalska Agata , Maksymiuk Krzysztof
Published: December 2017

Electrochemical properties of polypyrrole nanoparticles coated on glassy carbon electrodes were studied. The nanoparticles were obtained in a chemical polymerization step using a novel templateless procedure – oxidation of pyrrole released either from poly (n‐butyl acrylate) microspheres or from micelles of crosslinked alternating polymer (poly (maleic anhydride‐alt‐1‐octadecene)). Voltammetric measurements confirmed high ion transport rate inside the polymer and minor influence of the kind of doping ion and electrolyte ions present in the solution. However, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed a significant difference in the properties of polypyrrole nanoparticles, depending on the synthesis conditions. In case of polypyrrole synthesized in the presence of poly (n‐butyl acrylate) microspheres EIS spectra were almost independent of kind of electrolyte ions and doping anion, pointing to exposed bulk capacitive properties. On the other hand, polypyrrole nanoparticles obtained in the presence of alternating polymer micelles represent a typical constant phase element behavior with impedance significantly dependent on the kind of oxidizing (doping) anion. Due to their capacitive properties polypyrrole nanoparticles obtained in the presence of poly (n‐butyl acrylate) microspheres were applied as solid contacts in ion‐selective electrodes.
Differences in Electrochemically Deposited PEDOT(PSS) Films on Au and Pt Substrate Electrodes: A Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study
Authors: Jarvis Jennifer M. , Guzinski Marcin , Perez Felio , Pendley Bradford D. , Lindner Ernő
Published: December 2017

Studying the responses of potassium ion‐selective electrodes with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT(PSS), as solid contact (SC) revealed significant differences in the equilibration times and standard potentials of the electrodes fabricated on Au or Pt as substrate electrodes. To trace the source of these differences, PEDOT(PSS) films were deposited under the same conditions onto Au and Pt electrodes on the surface of 10 MHz quartz crystals. During the galvanostatic polymerization, the frequency decrease of the quartz crystal was monitored by an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). In the initial 15 seconds of the electrochemical deposition, the rate of PEDOT(PSS) polymer growth was significantly faster on Au compared to Pt although the current density used for the deposition was the same. Consequently, the total frequency change after a given electrolysis time was always larger on Au compared to Pt, indicating a larger deposited mass or PEDOT(PSS) layer thickness. The differences in the thicknesses of the PEDOT(PSS) films on Au and Pt could be quantitatively confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) etching studies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of PEDOT(PSS) films on Au and Pt also showed characteristic differences.
Proglacial sediment dynamics from daily to seasonal scales in a glaciated Alpine catchment (Bossons glacier, Mont Blanc massif, France)
Authors: Guillon Hervé , Mugnier Jean‐Louis , Buoncristiani Jean‐François
Published: December 2017

The sediment yields of Alpine catchments are commonly determined from streamload measurements made some distance downstream from glaciers. However, this approach indiscriminately integrates erosion processes occurring in both the glacial and proglacial areas. A specific method is required to ascertain the respective inputs from (i) subglacial and supraglacial sediments, (ii) proglacial hillslopes and (iii) proglacial alluvial areas or sandurs. This issue is addressed here by combining high‐resolution monitoring (2 min) of suspended sediment concentrations at different locations within a catchment with discharge gauging and precipitation data. This methodological framework is applied to two proglacial streams draining the Bossons glacier (Mont Blanc massif, France): the Bossons and Crosette streams. For the Bossons stream, discharge and suspended load data were acquired from June to October 2013 at 1.15 and 1.5 km from the glacial terminus, respectively upstream and downstream from a small valley sandur. These hydro‐sedimentary data are compared with the Crosette stream dataset acquired at the outlet of the Bossons glacier subglacial drainage system. A fourfold analysis focusing on seasonal changes in streamload and discharge, multilinear regression modelling, evaluation of the sandur flux balance and probabilistic uncertainty assessment is used to determine the catchment sediment budget and to explain the proglacial sediment dynamics. The seasonal fluctuation of the sediment signal observed is related to the gradual closing of the subglacial drainage network and to the role of the proglacial area in the sediment cascade: the proglacial hillslopes appear to be disconnected from the main channel and the valley sandur acts as a hydrodynamic sediment buffer both daily and seasonally. Our findings show that an understanding of proglacial sediment dynamics can help in evaluating paraglacial adjustment and subglacial erosion processes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality competition and hospital mergers—An experiment
Authors: Han Johann , Kairies‐Schwarz Nadja , Vomhof Markus
Published: December 2017

On the basis of a Salop model with regulated prices, we investigate quality provision behaviour of competing hospitals before and after a merger. For this, we use a controlled laboratory experiment where subjects decided on the level of treatment quality as head of a hospital. We find that the post‐merger average quality is significantly lower than the average pre‐merger quality. However, for merger insiders and outsiders, average quality choices are significantly higher than predicted for pure profit‐maximising hospitals. This upward deviation is potentially driven by altruistic behaviour towards patients. Furthermore, we find that in the case where sufficient cost synergies are realised by the merged hospitals, there is a significant increase in average quality choices compared to the scenario without synergies. Finally, we find that our results do not change when comparing individual decisions to team decisions.