bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Vocabulary and Dictation ESP programme on Iraqi Students’ Achievement at College of Physical Education for Women
Authors: Sadiq Assist. Prof.  Dr. Baan Jafar
Published: March 2021

The research is an attempt to investigate experimentally the effect of vocabulary and dictation ESP programme on Iraqi students’ achievement at College of Physical Education for Women. The learners have to know what a word means and what it look like.  These are obvious aspects in teaching foreign language and teachers need to make sure that both these aspects are accurately learned.

    The sample of the present research is (46) students of first year stage, College of Physical Education for Women, University of Baghdad. At the academic year 2012- 2013.

     It is hypothesized that there are no significant differences between the experimental group taught ESP by vocabulary and dictation programme (Sadiq ,2012) and control group taught ESP with traditional English Course (Sadiq, 2010)  in pre and post tests.

     To fulfill the aim of the research an experiments has been designed with two groups of students chosen randomly.  Both groups were matched in the subjects’ achievement in English for previous academic year (2011-2012).  Both groups have tested in pre and post tests. The experiment lasted nine weeks.

    After analyzing the results statistically, it has been found that there are significant differences between the two groups in pre- test as well as post test. This indicates that using the vocabulary and dictation programme is more effective in teaching these two skills. Accordingly, the null hypotheses have been rejected.

    Finally, English teachers at College of Physical Education are recommended to use the programme to improve the students’ achievement in vocabulary and dictation skills.
Markedness Theory and Conditional Clauses: An Interlanguage Developmental Study of Iraqi EFL Learners
Authors: Al-Tameemi (MA) Tahani Awad Jasim
Published: March 2021

This study investigates how the linguistic factor of markedness theory affects Iraqi EFL Learners’ acquisition order of English conditional clauses.Three research questions are formulated to achieve the aim of this study, and these are; (i) How do Iraqi EFL learners acquire the syntactic structure of conditional clauses?, (ii) In what ways the developmental route followed by Iraqi EFL learners is similar to or different from that followed by English learners of other linguistic backgrounds?, and (iii) What is the role of markedness theory in the acquisition of conditional clauses by Iraqi EFL learners? To answer these questions, a random sample of 100 Iraqi EFL learners at four different developmental stages is tested on three written tasks. Results reveal that real conditionals are the easiest type to produce but the most difficult one to comprehend. This lends a partial support for the predictive power of markedness theory in explaining the acquisition order. Besides, linguistic form and function in L2 acquisition process are acquired at different developmental stages. Due to the limitations of the present study, future research is suggested
The Theory of semantic triangle in the western linguistic criticism and Arabic reception
Authors: Yahya Dr. Keyan Ahmed Hazim , Yahya Dr. Keyan Ahmed Hazim
Published: March 2021

The most important reason that made me concerned with the theory of the semantic triangle is the confusion I have noticed amongst Arab scholars regarding limitations of the theory itself and its value compared with other theories of meaning.                  

My paper is divided into three sections: the first is concerned with illustrating what the theory is by tracing its historical origins in the western linguistic traditions, the second reveals the most important criticized aspects of the theory, and the third deals with how the Arab scholars received the theory.
Eloquence text transformation and the power of interpretation In the office ( banners ) of Ahmad Matar Read the fossils Hermenyutiqih knowledge For ( the silent and implicit and residual ) Poem ( the country between Alnharin ) choice
Authors: Ugaili Dr.haidar Barzan sakran
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the search systematic disclosure of consistency which is between: (The Untold Story of the implicit and remaining), and its relationship to rhetoric Is he related to match or contrast? And how it leads to the absorption of texts, revealing a load sense in light of (tram / surplus / double meaning)? Does can be adopted systematically in the detection of double meaning in literary texts in general and poetry in particular?, and so does the dilemma search is limited to the interpretation (Hermenyutiqa) is the ruler in developed curricula?, and how to reach these approaches to the different meanings and lead to a fork ways to make understanding of those texts in which the complexity and ambiguity and blind to the interpreter / reader Keen to understand the meaning important? Can only be held emerging curriculum for directions: theological, and philosophical, and knowledge, leading to the disclosure is consistent with cognitive orientations (epistemological) in the detection of intellectual tonnage in line with the philosophy that embrace them, and reflected in the reasons for the employment of each approach separately within the format pursues intellectual shifts in these approaches the theoretical detects that leads to shaping the curriculum and mechanisms that rely on Applied practice that leads to the application captured in monetary practice theory, and the point is that the curriculum dealing with the (hidden / Internal / basement) always who did not see the brightness; for reasons of Palmaol / and / interpreter The conformation text both according to different ruling data in those cash curricula, and here comes the role of the new rhetoric / Contemporary participate in cognitive fossils exerted on those texts in order to decryption, and resolution of virginity sense, therefore, the similarity may get in masks meaning that obscured in those curricula , but the data of knowledge and the results are available which build on tribal depicting dimensions vary, and coordinates Mbagesha, and vacated by block, so meaning remains in a state of liquidity and mobility between inside and outside of the Metn and context to turn the reading process to re-reveal the meaning Almtwald from the previous meaning and so within the orbit of the readings of no unbroken
Aesthetics dialogue in the poetry of Abu Nawas
Authors: Khudhair (Ph.D.) Asst.Prof.Mohemmed Saib
Published: March 2021

In the of Abu Nawas poetry, the aesthetics of the dialogue appeared clearly, so this phenomenon is worth studying and tracking, Abu Nawas is not an obscure poet, but it is a well-known poet and then it is difficult to find a phenomenon that is not well study in his poetry, but I found a dialogue appeared clearly even that it constitutes a theatrical aspect as a poetic drama. I have found that people who Abu Nawas interlocutors them with three kinds, either people really are found or people they are supposed  to find or the poet Interviews himself in an internal monologue and tempted him with the poet himself .There is the impact of the dialogue in poetic drama built by the poet with displays integrated aspects
An Introduction to the Theory of Generation in Poetry A Critical Study
Authors: AAbdulkhaliq Dr. Ghassan Ismail
Published: March 2021

This study is an empirical criticism aimed to test the objectivity of the generation’s theory in literature at large and in poetry in specific. The researcher used (Ajras) poetic group as a practical model through which he attempted to highlight the rationale behind their appearance. In addition, the researcher investigated the communal aesthetic and ideological concepts that the members share and those which are held by each member individually
The Speech Al- Hajaji And His Social Links: A Sociolinguistic Approach
Authors: Al-Taie (Ph.D) Asst. Prof. Nima  Dahash Farhan
Published: March 2021

The formation of ideas is not an independent process, but a part of the rules in particular, which differ by a little or a lot about another language rules, we look at the world and we are watching, to shape perceptions, ensue in our minds; and this means that the primary role in arranging these impressions have stable linguistic systems in our minds, and then varied and became multiple. Speech patterns depend on those impressions, and the function of the association. It is combined with the utter speech mostly, such as: the cultural and moral discourse, and speech - orbital, and so on; so colorful speech definitions are indeed communicative socially, combines say not accomplish, so it has become communicative.  An important social feature is nothing of the dispersion, regarding its richness and breadth of the classification and significance.

Hence, we focused our conversation as a speech character of social norms, carved up social and linguistic acts, and dominate the kinetic activity mentally and socially. It is truly that he established rich discourse and scientific domains. Accordingly the study is worth studying and investigating.

The first part deals with the sociolinguistic approach of the Al-Hajaj with tangible evidence. It is of twofold:

:

The first section is /The movement of Al Hajaj from the self to the social.

The second section / Al- Hajaj diversity and his speech mechanisms.. 

The second part:  / properties Hajaji discourse and communicative techniques; it is also divided into two sections:

The first section / characteristics of Al-Hajaji speech.

The second section /Al-Hajaji speech and techniques
A reflection of the love and spinning on notice poet Abdullah Taho (Women and the homeland)
Authors: Asmael M. Swrood weli
Published: March 2021

من خلال مطالعاتنا ومراجعاتنا وتحقيقاتنا فى حياة ونتاج ومواقف شاعرنا (ثةشيَو) وصلنا الى النتائج الأتية:

ــ يظهر لنا من خلال أشعار شاعرنا (ثةشيَو) انه عاش يعوم بين بحرين عظيمين من الحب ليس بينهما سد … حب حبيبته وحبه الجامح لـ (وطنه) ، وانعكس ذلك في أشعره ، فكان حب (الحبيبة) مصدر الهامه الشعري مع حب الوطن ومعالجة آلام وعذابات أمته، تلك الام والمعاناة يعيش في ضميره .

ــ (ثةشيَو) يختلف عن الشعراء الذين سبقوه ، فهو من قلائل الشعراء الذي يعلن وبصوت عال وجلي ما يعانيه شعبه الكوردي من مشاكل سياسية وانسانية من خلال كلمات أشعاره وينهض بالهمم ويخاطب كل طبقات امته لتعرية المحتلين والغاصبين وفضحهم ، وسلاحه الكلمات التي باتت أشد تأثيرا من الرصاص عليهم .

ــ من حيث اللغة ، كتب (ثةشيَو) أشعاره بلغة بسيطة ، سلسة وفي الحين ذاته كانت ترتقي الى مستويات فنية عالية من الرقي والجمال وما يسمى بالسهل الممتنع .

ــ (ثةشيَو) كان صادقا في تعبيراته ، ولم يكتب أشعاره لأغراض خاصة به ، فيما عدا حب الحبيبة ، أما بقية شعره فهي في بيان ومعالجة مشاكل امته السياسية .

ــ في أثناء أشعاره يتضح ان هناك رسالة موجهة تسيطر بشكل جلي على الشكل والمضمون .
The Moroccan Support of The Palestinian issue (1947 -1974)
Authors: Amro Dr. Noman
Published: March 2021

The Moroccan diplomacy gave Palestine a significant importance, and they paid more attention to it since Islam entered Morocco by Otba Bin Nafeh in 670 A.C.. The importance of Palestine to the Moroccan diplomacy flows from the position of Jerusalem in Islam. The Moroccan diplomacy along with The other countries of the Arab world played a crucial role in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict because the Palestinian issue was a priority on the top of the agenda of the world diplomacy.  In this study , the researcher discusses the support the Moroccans gave to the Palestinian issue before and after independence. The Palestinian issue was only considered as an Arab issue, it was also considered as a national Moroccan issue adopted by both the people and the politicians. The Moroccan support reached its peak when the Moroccan diplomacy admitted P.L.O as the legitimate and the only representative of the Palestinians in 1974.
Stress Management professional with school administrations from its point of view
Authors: Shehata M. Dr. Yousef Yacoub , Kazem M. Dr. Taghreed Rachid
Published: March 2021

The problem with research in the lack of research on the subject of professional pressures in educational institutions management, and try to identify the nature of the work management pressures, which came from the sense of the researchers during their work in middle and junior high schools affiliated to the Directorate General of Education Baghdad Karkh first affiliated to the Ministry of Education the field of research born need to know the reasons for the professional pressures, diagnosis, treatment and ways of facing professional pressures because of their effect on the performance of the educational institution and the effectiveness and success of individuals.

The first goal: to identify the nature of occupational stress among middle and junior high school principals from their point of view management. As the results came in favor of the sample any and having a professional pressures and degree is very high, and attributed the researchers to display middle and junior high school principals to considerable pressure from several multiple sources, whether from supervision, or parents, or from an organizational point of frequent burdens resulting from daily work 2. The second objective: Are there significant differences in the nature of professional pressures prevailing in middle and junior high schools, the Department of differences to the General Directorate for Educational Baghdad Kerch first variable depending on sex, years of service, and the results showed that the differences are not statistically significant. The similarity of the circumstances of the regulatory environment and internal and external laws and regulations, instructions and various years of service and agent of equality.
Existential presence and its relation to cultural alienation With high school teachers
Authors: Jasam. Dr. Sana Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Address our marked with (Environmental product between need, Customs and application) to examine the concept of need and the custom of the product of environmental as well as the possibility of employment of the product of environmental products in a contemporary, has emerged as the importance of research needs and the basic needs of secondary school and its relation to custom and tradition. Find out the set of results, including  

Basic needs and secondary schools are the foundation to create a product ecosystem

Affect religious practice largely on the nature of the constituent motifs and colors used in the product and then comes the environmental heritage and historical social custom then, according to the sequence

3. Possible to employ the product's environmental products developed using modern raw material after treatment with the same permanence to enable some to gain employment or visual appearance of materials in the products of materials in the products of modern environmental
Fanaticism of Mass Media college students in Baghdad University And the Differences according to some variable
Authors: Ismael Inst. Raya Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

This study aims at finding out the University of Baghdad / College of Mass Media students’ fanaticism and finding out the Different according to sex and grade variable. The sample of the study consists of (140) students, responds to a questionnaire of (23) items. This questionnaire is verified its validity and reliability. The results of the study show that the sample of the study does not show fanaticism and there are no significant differences according to the variable of sex and there are no significant differences according to the variable of grade i.e., no significant differences between the first grade students and fourth grade students. According to the result the researcher recommends that the positive attitudes of the students towards social and educational values should be supported and modified the students’ negative concepts and values. Finally, the research suggests studying the fanaticism with other variables.
Attributes of luxury and luxury during the Seljuks in the Abbasid period
Authors: Hassan Dr. Sulaf Faiz ullah
Published: March 2021

The Seljuk appearance on the scene may point a new era in the history of the Arab-Islamic state, as he took on the rule of the State of Great Seljuk six of the sultans of the powerful, who have had impact on the expansion of the Seljuk states, was their era of well-known luxury and extravagance Ages in their palaces inside Baghdad, it is of bright Ages, which began from (429-552h / 1037-1157m) since Tughril to the Sultan Sanjar, which is the last sultan of the Seljuks powerful, which was squeezed from the longest times in this country, with longer duration of his reign nearly sixty years, and speeches to him on the platforms in the Iraqis and the Levant, Diyarbakir and hit the rail in his name and dubbed many titles as dubbed his predecessors, and they boast the titles, palaces, clothes and ornaments of rare and precious jewels, as well as furniture and decorations in their homes are very overpriced
The political Education of prophet Mohammad ( prayers be on him) and Educational Applications
Authors: Nagim Assist. Prof. Dr. Saadoon Salman
Published: March 2021

The present study aims at identifying the political Education of Mohammad ( prayers be on him) and its educational applications , So as to be a living example to follow in the different levels of political work , as well as to create a generation of youth capable of  Facing the cultural invasion which may takes  away their rights in their country unconsciously.

The limits of the present study has been the prophet sunnah during prophet  Mohammad's life from his birth till his death .

     Several results have been reached at such as :

Prophet Mohammad has been capable within twenty years to overcame on all the obstacles that have faced him , including the unbelievers who have fought , hurt , and dismissed him out of meccah in addition to the hypo crates who have conspired against him .

The Prophet has been capable to make revolution that has never been like during history which has happened in a whole people be life that has transformed them from being unbelievers in to believers in one God.

Several  conclusions have been put forward such as :

The Prophet has established the secret group and the public group , which call to change the society systems and beliefs , and use all the available media means such as single communication, Rhetoric , the media war against Thought and all this is political work.

The basis that the Prophets' political education has been based on is the belie fine One God ( Al- Tawheed ) and Islam with all the legislated beliefs , worships and treatments
Daily Hassles And Its Relationship To professional competence Among Educational Counselors
Authors: Abd Al-Razak Huda
Published: March 2021

The study aimed to identify Daily Hassles and its relationship to professional competence among Educational Counselors, the researcher used descriptive approach and reached the study sample (400) Educational Counselors. The researcher instruments used are: Daily Hassles scale and second professional competence scale has been checked and validtiy (face, and construction) and consistency of the instruments using the re-test, and internal consistency Cronbach's alpha The study came to the following findings: - The degree of Daily Hassles among Educational Counselors was (145.1725) this refers to a higher level, compared with the The theoretical average of (138) and that professional competence level have (135.182), a high level indicates that the enjoyment of the sample with professional competence, compared with the The theoretical average of (102) and the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between Educational Counselors in Daily Hassles due to the variable sex, the results showed no significant statistical differences between Educational Counselors in the level of professional competence due to the variable sex  and the results indicated the presence of a positive correlation between Daily Hassles function and professional competence relationship.
The Authority of Pleaing to the Quranic Examples in the Speech of AL Zahra (pbuh)
Authors: Resin Prof. Asst. Dr. Fatima Karim
Published: March 2021

إن بنية الحجاج هي من أكثر البنى التي يمكن الاشتغال عليها في الخطاب لما فيها من قضايا مطروحة على سبيل إلقاء الحجة وتأكيد المطلب من السيدة الزهراء (ع)؛ لأنه مطلب حقّ، استمدت مشروعيته من القرآن الكريم. وتنزل بنية الحجاج في صميم التفاعل بين الخطيب وجمهوره؛ لذا وجدت أنَّ خطبة الزهراء(ع) الخالدة تتضمن أفقاً دلالياً رحباً من بنية الحجاج في مؤداها القصدي بمفاهيم معدودة تضمنها نصّ الخطبة. ونخلص من الخوض في مبنى الخطاب اللغويّ في خطاب السيدة الزهراء (ع) من خلال السلطة الحجاجية، والكشف عن السياسات الخطابية التي تتجاوز ما تخرج إليه أبنية الكلام والدلالات المقامية للخطاب إلى مستوى القصد في التبليغ العقائديّ أو المغزى السياسيّ، أو تصورات أخرى تنضوي عليها آليات الخطاب الطيعة في رسم ملامح الأنساق السلطوية (الممثلة بالشاهد القرآنيّ) النصّ المقدس،  الذي يصيب المقصد بوصفه حجة قائمة للمخاطب يفند بها جميع المقولات اللغوية في أنظمة الكلام؛ لأنه نصّ غير قابل للتغيير أو التبديل. ويقسم البحث على مبحثين، هما:

 أولاً: سلطة الشاهد القرآنيّ.

 ثانياً: تمثلات الشاهد القرآنيّ.

    وفي تقنيات الحجاج الاتصالية ندرس: 1ـ حجة الأنموذج 2ـ الحجاج وجه ذات الاستهجاني 3ـ حجاج القوة/ اغتصاب الإذعان  4ـ المحاجة بالتجهيل.

      ومن أهم نتائج البحث: أنّ الخطاب الحجاجيّ في فكر التراث العربيّ الإسلاميّ يحتكم على قواعد وآداب يلتزم بها أطراف، ومن هذا الإطار اكتسب صفتها بأنها ممارسة منتجة، وظيفتها الإفحام والإقناع تجري داخل مجالس تحكمها ضوابط عرفية تجعلها طرفاً ثالثاً في بناء الحكم المترتب من المحاججة.
British occupation of Iraq study in its political development (1917- 1927)
Authors: Kaka Sur Dr. Mohamed Abdullah
Published: March 2021

يتناول هذا البحث مرحلة مهمة من تاريخ العراق([i]) الحديث، ألا وهي مرحلة الاحتلال البريطاني للعراق منذ 1917م، عندما دخل البريطانيون بغداد بقيادة الجنرال ستانلي مود وأعلنوا احتلالهم للعراق. ويلاحظ ان تاريخ العراق المعاصر يتوافق مع هذا الحدث المؤثر. لذلك فأن فهم هذا الاحتلال ودوافعه وموقف الشعب العراقي منه مهم جداً لفهم التاريخ العراقي في مراحله اللاحقة. ويبين كذلك فهم الآخرين للعراق وشعبه وكيفية تعاملهم معه. وبعد مرور قرن من الزمن على هذا الحدث فأن اعادة دراسته له أهمية خاصة وبصورة عامة وان كان تحدي الاحتلال كبيراً بالنسبة للعراقيين فان الاستجابة لهذا التحدي كان عظيماً حيث أثبت بأنه لايمكن حكم العراقيين بصورة مباشرة. إن البحث الذي قمت بكتابته وبتوفيق من الله عز وجل يبدأ قبل فترة الاحتلال المباشر فقد تناولت في بدايته وقوع العراق في نفوذ الدولة العثمانية وأوضاعه تحت سيطرة العثمانيين وأهمية العراق الستراتيجية وكذلك المعاهدات التي جرت بين الحكومتين العراقية والبريطانية، وأثر ذلك على كردستان الحلم  ويختتم البحث بدور المقاومة وإنهاء الاحتلال البريطاني في ثورة العشرين التي كان للكرد نصيب فيها ضمن حركة التحرر الكردية ولا أجزم بأن البحث قد نال مرحلة الكمال، لأن الكمال لله عز وجل وحده ولكن أدعوا أن يكون قد نال رضا الله ومن يقرأه، والله الموفق.

 

([i])  هناك آراء كثيرة حول اصل ومعنى العراق: ينظر: سالم الآلوسي، اسماء العراق وبغداد، بيروت، الوراق للنشر، 2013، ص ص9-174.
The reality of the application of Total Quality Management from the standpoint of supervisors National Endowment for the provision and reserve in M’SILA model
Authors: Hamou Asst.Prof.Dr. Taha Saleh , Jallab Asst.Prof.Dr. Misbah Alttahir
Published: March 2021

The present study addressed the issue of the overall quality of the Algerian enterprise management through the viewpoint of some supervisors, so that the study was conducted on a sample of ten supervisors National Fund for the provision and reserve in M’sila a banking institution. The study applied a questionnaire to ensure total quality management dimensions, in order to identify the extent of the application of these principles, using the descriptive data and the appropriate statistics, the study found that more than 80% of the supervisors confirmed that they are applying TQM is a high degree dimensions on customers, workers and improve operations and administrative requirements of the competition and organizational culture
The effect of the self-assertion method in the development of job satisfaction Educational counselors
Authors: Al-Khazraji Dr. Sana Ali Hassoun
Published: March 2021

The present research aims at identifying the effect of the self-assertion method in the development of job satisfaction among the educational mentors by verifying the following hypotheses: (There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the experimental group before and after the program, the experimental group and the control group In the post-test). The experimental method was adopted to verify the hypotheses of the research. The sample consisted of (30) educational guides from those who obtained the lowest grade in the job satisfaction scale. A criterion (Rachid, 2013) was adopted for the job satisfaction of the educational counselors, which was presented to a group of experts (12 sessions). The current research found that there were statistically significant differences at (0.05) In the experimental group and for the guidance method, between the experimental groups and the control group in the post-test and for the benefit of the experimental group. Among the recommendations is the need for the media, especially the Ministry of Education, to take the role of educational guides and praise their efforts within special programs prepared for this purpose. Educational guides in other governorates and a comparison between these studies and the current study.
Evaluating the questions of Reading Book for the Sixth Grade from Teachers' Viewpoints
Authors: Ahmed T. Assist.Yasmeen Bade'a
Published: March 2021

The researcher has addressed the questions of the Reading Book for the Sixth Primary Grade to be studied as the subject needs to be paid an adequate attention for its importance in teaching and not to be seen as a subordinated subject. The researcher has chosen the reading book for the Sixth Primary Grade since the Sixth Primary grade is the final and the elementary stage of education as well as pupils should adequately practise the exact reading and oral expression. The study aims at evaluating the questions of the Reading Book for the Sixth Primary Grade from  Teachers' Viewpoints. To attain the study aim, the researcher has chosen the sample of  40 (females and male) teachers in the Directorates General (Al-Rusafa 1,2 and Karkh 1,2). The researcher analyzed the results and presented them according to the questionnaires and their fields, and reached several conclusions and recommendations. The researcher examined the results and recommendations of the research sample of teachers and teachers. And proposals.
An inferiority complex among middle school students
Authors: Brier Assist Teacher: Ammar Saleh
Published: March 2021

The problem of inferiority general phenomenon affects all members of society, and looks manifestations in poor self and low self-esteem and shyness confidence. When the evolution of this situation and left without treatment, the individual infected with so-called (inferiority complex) where the individual resorts to fill the gap has the means and methods of abnormal addictions such as theft and assault. So Turn current research to measure (an inferiority complex among middle school students) and then recognize the significance of differences in feelings of inferiority according to the type variable (male, female) for second grade average in the city of Baghdad to the Directorate of Education Karkh / 2 for the academic year (2015/2016) totaling (19 251) by (10 776) males and (8475) females To achieve these goals, the researcher used measure of inferiority prepared Ayed (2005) and after the application of the scale on all members of society and analyze responses and calculate grades and statistically analyzed for the first goal researcher found warmer feelings of inferiority compared to the theoretical average scale at level (0.05). Either with respect to the second goal researcher he has found significant differences in the sense of inferiority in favor of females at level (0.05). Current search has been agreed with the results of the study as a result of Ayed (2005), which indicated that females are more a sense of inferiority male
Quranic text in the speech of Hussein
Authors: Al-Tamimi Assist. Prof. Dr. Haidar Abdul Zahra Hadi
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the significance of the Qur'anic texts that were mentioned in the speech of Al-Hussein, the reason for their use, and why Hussein used these texts in a specific position. The research used the indicative transactions to study the texts from which the research consisted, in accordance with the purpose of the research, and the belief that the result of this study is neutral and scientific.
Towards establishing a Major sociolinguistic Theory Interaction Between Content Interactions and Associative Affiliation
Authors: Al-Tae Asst.Prof.Dr. Nima Dahash Farhan
Published: March 2021

When sociolinguistic became the concern of linguists and sociologists alike, being a fertilized land for cultivation, the need became necessary to suggest a comprehensive sociolinguistic theory which deals with sociolinguistic research. Such theory should become a link between linguistics and sociology.  The theory should sort out all the problems and phenomena which have been neglected by the theory. Such investigation resulted in many attempts in two dimensions: on one hand, understanding the sociological aspects of language, and on the other, understanding various linguistic aspects of society. Accordingly, many terms and concepts emerged into existence such as (macro and micro, sociolinguistics) which became centers of gravity within the area of sociolinguistics. Different aspects of sociolinguistic appear and increased in the lessons of the area.  Such phenomena became more complicated with the development of the societies which later became a big impediment in suggesting a more comprehensive theory, characterized by stability according to necessity as the basic principles are unclear. The most obvious phenomena are language variation and linguistic disparity which cannot be recognized and differentiated clearly and became an area of misunderstanding regarding many sociolinguistic terms. Such terms have been neglected and have not been their due attention. Thus, their views and perspectives became vague, that is why the area requires a thorough investigation to identify many basic concepts in sociolinguistics.
المرأة هامشاً نقد ثقافي في تاريخ التأويل الذكوري لقيمة المرأة حتى مطلع الإسلام
Authors: Al-Atabi Dr. Firas Salah Abdullah
Published: March 2021

إن المقدس والجمالي هو السلاح الأمضى الذي استخدمته الثقافات لتمرير أفكارها المتعلقة بالجسد الأنثوي، فالثقافة ليست مدونة محايدة، كما انها ليست قوة غير عاقلة، إن الثقافة سلطة وقوة، فعندما لم يجد الاوائل التعليلات العلمية لما يعتري المرأة وللفوارق البايولوجية بينهم وبينها لجأوا للإحالات السحرية، والمشكلة أن هذه الاحالات وغيرها من الخبرات الثقافية الاولية شكلت انساقا غائرة في الوعي الانساني وهنا تقع معضلة المرأة، فهذه الانساق الثقافية تقف عائقا أمام كثير من الباحثين عن الحقيقة، إذ إن التفكير من درجة الصفر أمر محال، فالذات الواعية هي ذات تاريخية كما يرى غادامير، وهنا يتحتم على الباحث الثقافي ركوب السكة الزمنية التي سار عليها قطار المرأة القيمي كي يلاحظ الصورة أو الصور الأبرز التي برزت داخل إطارها المرأة؛ لذلك قسّمنا وقفاتنا مع الصور الأنثوية على أبرز المحطات، ومنها: المرأة في العراق القديم أولى حضارات الارض ومعبّد السبل الاول، الذي معه تحوّل الانسان من قيم الكهف الى قيم التمدّن، ليناقش البحث ثنائية المعبد/المبغى في تعاملها مع المرأة، لينتقل البحث بعد ذلك الى الحضارة اليونانية التي أولت الفلسفة والمعرفة العناية الكبرى وناقش كيفية ليّ النسق للفلسفات والمعارف مع ما ينسجم مع خطه الثقافي ثم انتقل الى رصد المرأة على ساحة الدين اليهودي بوصفه الوثيقة الناقلة لمعظم الانساق الكهنوتية السابقة والمؤثرة بشكل فاعل فيما بعدها من قيم التدين وقد ركز البحث في المرأة وفي طبيعة الخطاب الدوني/ الجنسي لهذه المبحوثة في هذه الوثيقة كما ميّز بين ثلاثة مستويات متشابكة وهي: الجنس، والجنسانية، والخطاب الجنسي، لمعرفة كيفية تمرير السلطة لرغباتها من خلال النصوص الجمالية/الدينية، ليتناول البحث بعد ذلك المرأة مع تطور التدين في المدونة المسيحية اذ أشر أن ثانويتها تعززت بشكل اكبر في في هذه المدونة فقد نظرت الكنيسة للمرأة بوصفها ذات وضع ثانوي ينسجم تماما مع النظام العام للكون كما ترى، ثم اختُتِم البحث برصد النسوة الكاملات اللاتي ظهرن في المتون الثقافية، ذلك الظهور الذي يعني للوهلة الأولى أن المرأة ليست هامشا، بل هي متن مؤسس كما الرجل؛ ليكتشف المخاتلة الثقافية التي تعمل على الخفض من قيمة المرأة / الواقع حتى عند ترويجها لنسوة كاملات فقد كان اكتمال النسوة المتون بسبب مغايرتهن امرأة الواقع وانسلاخهن عن أنوثتهن فكان اكتمالهن حيلة أخرى مارستها الثقافة لتنمط المرأة/ الواقع بالدونية.
Factors roles in Communication and Effective Teaching for the Fourth Year students in Modern British and American Novel lesson classes and their Impacts on Students' Motivation.
Authors: Al-Banna Assist. Prof. Dr. Juan Abdullah Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

This study aims at investigating Iraqi EFL students' level of writing apprehension, writing performance, and locus of control orientation. It also seeks to find out the correlation between these three variables according to the academic locus of control orientation (internal and external). The instruments of the study are administered to (160) participants who are randomly selected from two departments of English in the University of Baghdad. The statistical manipulation of the data collected indicates that the participants show external orientation of academic locus of control, high level of writing apprehension, and low level of writing performance. The study also reveals that academic locus of control orientation (including both internal and external) does not correlate with writing apprehension, while, writing performance correlate negatively with external orientation of academic locus of control and positively with the internal orientation. Finally writing apprehension and writing performance are found to negatively correlate in both cases of academic locus of control orientation
Investigating Iraqi EFL Intermediate School Students’ Difficulties in Reading Literary Texts
Authors: Al Obaydi Inst.Dr. Liqa’a Habeb , H. AL- Bahadli Inst.Dr. Khansa'a
Published: March 2021

The current study   aims at identifying intermediate school students’ difficulties in reading literary texts from teacher’s viewpoints, and identifying and classifying intermediate school students’ difficulties in reading literary texts from students’ viewpoints. To achieve the aims, two samples were used, fifteen teachers and thirty students/forth preparatory, were used. The researchers constructed two types of questionnaires to determine the difficulties faced by intermediate school students from both teachers and students points of view. The items of the questionnaires have been collected on the basis of the related literature, interviews, the open ended questionnaire, the information found in the teacher's guide, previous studies which deal with teaching techniques and experts opinions. In the light of the results obtained, recommendations which are concerned with teachers and students are put forward.
Time Travel in Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse- Five
Authors: Khaleel(M.A) Intisar Rashid
Published: March 2021

For many years, time travel was the stuff of science fiction. This was all just part of the world's imagination until recently. Science authors, among them, Kurt Vonnegut (1922-2007) post-modern American writer, believe that one can travel through time forward or backward asking his memories and stream of consciousness to give sensory impressions of his thoughts and actions, that what Billy did in Vonnegut's Slaughter house- Five (1969). The protagonist Billy Pilgrim finds himself "unstuck in time" jumping between several periods of his life. Travelling between his experiences as a prisoner of war in World War II to his family life in 1950s, and 1960s  and his time on Tralfmadorian Planet, Billy has the freedom and ability to travel; he has no control over these transitions. The present study falls into three sections plus a conclusion. The first section deals with the concept of time travel in literature and fiction. Section two presents historical and literary context to Vonnegut's novel. The treatment of time travel concept will be discussed in the third section. Then, the conclusions which sum up the findings of the research.
Sura Al Waquia’a: Linguistic Study
Authors: Maher M.M. Abeer Mohammed
Published: March 2021

The current study is a linguistic study for one the Quranic chapter. The denotation and expressive sides in this special Sura are overwhelming for its importance. The research includes an introduction that is followed by three chapters and conclusion. Chapter one tackles the denotation issues like the assemblage and the word and phrases that are related to it. There are many chapters in Quran that are related to assemblage and the emphases on contradiction and opposition. It also included the phonetic denotation with its importance in the matter of accepting the concept of Quran .The contextual aspect also has its share here in this research. Chapter two focuses on standardized terminology, while chapter three tackled the importance of the study of eloquence and its essential role in the beauty of the words as well as its effect on human psyche. The Quranic vocabulary and phrasing are so detailed and colorful. Arabs are speechless against the Quranic tremendous beauty and secrecy of denotation and eloquent. Assistant instructor:
Intellectual Centers during the Albuehi’s Era (334-447 AH / 945-1055 AD)
Authors: Al-Jubouri Dr. Ni'ma Shukur Mahmoud Ali
Published: March 2021

The present study displays the former intellectual centers through Albuehi Testament and related it can be concluded that the most important things is keen on Muslims in Albuehi era. It reflects the importance of mosques and spread through the teaching of Science and the Qur'an confirm the Koran on the flag, and remained mosques retain their importance religious and secular.The most important thing was characterized by mosques in Albuehi recipe from the doctrinal and religious era has been characterized by the representation of the Shafi'i school and other Hanafi. As well as schools, centers and institutions scientific mission after the mosque was a role the president and the basis for the seminars, schools have become in the city of Nishapur delegation ranged schools and become an example for. The ligaments and Gorges after negating the military necessity, which was performed by these institutions, where the council of scientists held a social male and deliver the lectures and give the holiday has had a role scientifically and culturally and educationally privileged in the construction of the Islamic character. As well as the boards of governors and ministers who ruled Iraq was their role and their palaces bill of scholars and writers where Almhellba Council described the Council Albrhech. It can be considered Almarstanat in Islamic history as he signs on the economic and urban prosperity and power level of interest in them. The main findings of this study show the libraries and cabinets Office of important scientific institutions that help students of science and scientists alike in the seas of science and knowledge, which contained a large number of books and folders in modern jurisprudence and theology.
Impact of the British Occupation on Qadiani Emergence in India (1888-1908)
Authors: Jirjees Dr. zinah Harith
Published: March 2021

In Southeast Asia, witnessed  India Important historical events during the time of the British occupation of the country, which represents  the British East India Company, the British government began to follow a policy to weaken the  Muslims rulers of India  through a divide and rule among the Indian people .The Government worked to bring Hindus to support to them on the one hand the deployment of the band among Indian Muslims by creating sects and religious difference stray, and sow doubt in the minds of Indian Muslims in their faith and religion,The British government to implement its plan by showing personal Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani where they worked for his encouragement and support to bring out a new doctrine known as Qadiani.
The Assyrian Emperor ShalmaneserIII (858-824 BC), his biography and achievements
Authors: Kadhim M.M  Najat Khair Allah
Published: March 2021

In the previous researchs, in which we studied an important figure in the history of Mesopotamia, the king's character, the Assyrian king led the Assyrian empire in a period known as the modern Assyrian period in the first section, This king took control of the purposes of the neighboring countries and annexed them to the limits of his power and give them to governors who are subject to his orders and that the policy goals and great achievements focused on the empire in various aspects of economic, political, social. It also contributed to the spread of Mesopotamia in those countries where effectively I 'm HEV A HIF A GOOD
The spatial variation of solar radiation in Iraq
Authors: Al Bayati Dr. Firas Fadel Mahdi
Published: March 2021

The solar radiation is a group of ethereal radiation emitted from the sun and it travels in the space in the form of the electromagnetic waves of about 300000KM/SEC light space. The solar radiation is regarded as the main source of energy in the atmosphere that contributes of more than (99.97) parentage of this exploited energy by the atmosphere on the earth surface.

     The solar energy is responsible for all the processes that occur in the atmosphere and earth surface, clouds and rains, etc. Consequently, it controls the climate and life on the earth. Because of the earth is far away from the sun. The earth receives quite little ratio of its heat amounting to 200 million and it stops all the biological and natural aspect of the energy on the earth.
Social movements and their impact on the cultural and political change
Authors: Ahmed Dr. Mohammed Jamil
Published: March 2021

The demonstrations are the one of the social movements that call for the Iraqi reality changes’ because of difficult conditions that community is lived, especially after 2003, as the successive governments that ruled Iraq which did not provide the required level that that the Iraqi citizens want, especially the Iraqi transition authoritarian rule to democratic governance supposed to achieve social justice and equality and the well-being of society.The factional and personal interests and the acquisition of power, competition and ongoing conflicts that exhausted society and social and infrastructure, so it's reflected in the social reality, as it forced members of the community with all its components and Achiever Marital to come up demonstrations calling forth across social networking pages (Facebook) demands the lifting of injustice about it.  The present paper tries to link the theoretical literature of the research with practical part of the study which leads to accurate results. The second aspect of applying h is trying to use the curriculum and tools anthropologically in field research Kalmkablh observation and Andalus, or as required by the research of other tools. This research provides insight and thoughtful implications through anthropological manner designed. The aim of the research is trying to detect the cultural connotations of demonstrations and songs that represent the Iraqi culture, as well as awareness of the results that came from the observed extent of the change in the cultural and political side and reflection on the Iraqi society, as well as the disclosure of important events as social movements were the result of the difficult conditions experienced by the Iraqi society. okhrj search results of realistic and objective represents the reality on the ground for the demonstrations that expressed urban and rural and religious components of the Iraqi society's rights.
Iraqi critical discourse - Assets and Reviews -
Authors: Hindawi Assist Prof. Dr. Maha Farouk Abdelkader
Published: March 2021

Does creative criticism contribute to the extension of the circle of creative texts with the different characteristics it has?! Does it carry other tasks in addition to its duties in examination, analysis and judgment by which it tries to extricate literature from the traps of its degeneration and the dilemmas of its problems to restore its ability to perform its high human function?! This paper tries to answer these questions within the scope of literary criticism in Iraq.
The level of storytelling (Hay Bin Yaktan) as a model
Authors: Aziz Al Nasr Dr. Abdel Moneim
Published: March 2021

There is no doubt that every nation is looking for glances in the intellectual and literary products of its son's throughout the ages in order to prove its advanced position in the world of scientific innovation. Evidence of this allegation has some signals (The theory of Hay Bin Yaktan), it's a form of stories, But this signal did not reach the recipient to the degree of certainty. But after re-examined in a scientific manner based on scientific research methodology, the signals showed that they were not only a story or a novel in the true sense. This research proved the creative capabilities and the technical capabilities of narration that rise in art fiction to levels of creativity through the idea, plot, characters, events and the nature of the crises that revolve within this novel. Because of the internal or external conflicts that arise from a special and distinct reality, it aims to achieve a philosophical idea, which makes it the first philosophical novel looking at difficult human dilemmas.
Symbols of Sufism and Gratitude (Al-Irfan)in the poetry of Igbal Al-Lahouri
Authors: Al zhery Dr.Nahy Abid Ibrahem
Published: March 2021

The Indiana poet Mohammad Iqbal Al-Lahouri is one of the great poets who shined Like as star in the Indian subcontinent in the past 100 years. He became a distinguished literary phenomenon in today's world. Many literary works and were written about him. One of the important aspects of Iqbal's poetry is the reflection of mystical concepts and knowledge in his poems as was the case of Sufi scholars one of which is the great persian Sufi poet (JalaluddinAl-Roumi). That is why the current research came under this title.

(symbols of Sufism and Gratitude (Al-Irfan)in the poetry of Igbal Al-Lahouri).
An Analysis of Morphological and Syntactic Errors in the Compositions of the Freshman Students in Al-Imam Al-Kadhum University College
Authors: Salman Lecturer: Isa Atallah
Published: March 2021

This study is an attempt at investigating morphological and syntactic errors in compositions committed by twenty first-year EFL learners at the Department of English in Al-Imam Al-Kadhum University College/ Thi-Qar. The procedure followed is observing these errors in composition writing. The findings reveal that the compositions are abound with morphological and syntactic errors and such errors are classified under eleven categories: omission of '-s'3rd person singular, misuse of ‘-s’ plural, misuse of derivational suffixes, wrong word form, inappropriate plural ending, subject-verb disagreement, auxiliary Be omission, irregular verbs, faulty sentence structure, omission of articles and misuse of prepositions. Analyzing  the morphological and syntactic errors, the study explores a growing body of evidence that the learners‘ errors are due to English rule misapplication, Lack of basic understanding, overgeneralization, online chat or short message service language (SMS) influence and L1 language interference (literal translation). The findings, which show that the morphological errors are committed more than the syntactic ones, support the claim that the students lack enough exposure to written English. Thereupon, the study suggests remedial implications against the stumbling-stone of  improper rule application in contributing to provide a remedy for such a critical period of college study and to draw the teachers' attention to the most pervasive errors ( the morphological ones) which aggravate difficulties in their written production.