Optimization of microgrid operations using renewable energy sources
Authors: Chijioke Paul Agupugo  , Husseini Musa Kehinde  , Helena Nbéu Nkula Manuel  
Published: July 2024

Microgrids, comprising localized energy systems capable of operating independently or in conjunction with the main grid, are increasingly being recognized as vital components of modern energy infrastructure. The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into microgrids offers significant potential for enhancing operational efficiency, sustainability, and resilience. This paper presents an overview of recent advancements and methodologies for optimizing microgrid operations utilizing renewable energy sources. The optimization of microgrid operations involves the strategic coordination and management of diverse energy resources, including solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind turbines, and energy storage systems (ESS). Key objectives include minimizing operational costs, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, ensuring reliable power supply, and maintaining system stability. Advanced optimization techniques, such as model predictive control (MPC), mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), and heuristic algorithms, play a crucial role in achieving these objectives by enabling the dynamic adjustment of energy generation and distribution in response to real-time conditions. A critical aspect of microgrid optimization is the accurate forecasting of renewable energy generation and load demand. Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been effectively employed to enhance prediction accuracy, thereby improving decision-making processes. Furthermore, the integration of ESS, such as batteries and flywheels, helps to address the intermittency of RES, providing a buffer that can store excess energy during periods of high generation and release it during peak demand. The implementation of demand response (DR) strategies within microgrids further contributes to optimization efforts. By incentivizing consumers to adjust their energy usage patterns in response to price signals or grid needs, DR programs help to balance supply and demand, reduce peak loads, and enhance overall grid reliability. Case studies and field implementations demonstrate the practical benefits of optimized microgrid operations. For instance, microgrids incorporating high shares of RES have been shown to achieve significant cost savings, improved energy security, and reduced environmental impacts. These successes underline the importance of ongoing research and development in optimization techniques and the need for supportive policy frameworks to facilitate the broader adoption of microgrids. In conclusion, optimizing microgrid operations using renewable energy sources presents a promising pathway toward a more sustainable and resilient energy future. Continued advancements in optimization algorithms, predictive analytics, and integrated system design are essential for unlocking the full potential of microgrids, ensuring they can effectively meet the evolving energy demands and environmental challenges of the 21st century.
Keywords: Optimization, Microgrid, Operations, Renewable Energy, Energy Sources.