bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot Study on the Efficacy of a Novel Questionnaire for Assessing Psychological Health in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps Treated with Biologics
Authors: Masieri Simonetta , Cavaliere Carlo , Loperfido Antonella , Begvarfaj Elona , Ciofalo Andrea , Primerano Francesco Maria , Velletrani Gianluca , Bugani Marcella , Cirilli Pamela , Passali Francesco Maria , Millarelli Stefano , Bellocchi Gianluca , Di Girolamo Stefano
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) represents a debilitating disease with significant morbidity and decreased quality of life (QoL). The introduction of biologics in its management has allowed new therapeutic options, and Dupilumab represents the first approved biologic. This study aims to evaluate a possible relationship between the clinical response to biological therapy and mental health in patients with severe CRSwNP. Methods: This is a multicenter study conducted at the Otolaryngology departments of three major Italian health institutions. Participants were patients with CRSwNP treated with Dupilumab. Patients were assessed at baseline and during treatment by submitting them to a survey consisting of a dedicated questionnaire focused on psychological health and two patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for nasal symptoms. Results: 86 patients were included in the study (58 males and 28 females; mean age: 58.2 years). There was a significant improvement in both symptoms and QoL, with an enhanced psychological state observed in patients after the first administration and within the first months of therapy. Conclusions: This study evaluated the possible correlations between Dupilumab treatment and improvements in mental health in patients with CRSwNP, as assessed through a survey, and clinical conditions, assessed through SNOT-22 and VAS. Our findings showed that Dupilumab not only improved clinical symptoms but also had a positive impact on patients’ mental health, with benefits observed already after the first administration and the first months of therapy. This survey highlights the relevance of psychological well-being and its implications for patients with chronic diseases such as CRSwNP.
Imagine the Possibilities Pain Coalition and Opioid Marketing to Veterans: Lessons for Military and Veterans Healthcare
Authors: Haddock Christopher K. , Elliott Luther , Kolodny Andrew , Kaipust Christopher M. , Poston Walker S. C. , Oliva Jennifer D. , Lewis Eleanor T. , Oliva Elizabeth M. , Jitnarin Nattinee , Fong Chunki
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The opioid crisis has disproportionately impacted U.S. military veterans, who face heightened risks of opioid use disorder and overdose due to chronic pain and mental health conditions. The pharmaceutical industry’s role in misrepresenting opioid risks—leading to over USD 50 billion in legal settlements—has included targeted marketing to vulnerable populations. This study examines Janssen Pharmaceuticals’ “Imagine the Possibilities Pain Coalition” (IPPC), which aimed to increase opioid use among veterans with chronic non-cancer pain. Insights from this public health industry document analysis offer guidance for military medicine and healthcare policymaking. Methods: Using the Opioid Industry Document Archive (OIDA), housed at Johns Hopkins University and the University of California, San Francisco, researchers conducted retrospective content analysis. Documents referencing veterans were identified through keyword searches on Johns Hopkins’ SciServer portal and reviewed using CoCounsel, an AI-based legal document platform using a human-in-the-loop approach. Relevant documents were examined by the authors to extract material aligned with the research focus. Results: The IPPC employed strategies to influence opioid prescribing for veterans. These included educational materials that minimized addiction risks and exaggerated long-term benefits and empathy-driven narratives prioritizing immediate pain relief over potential harms. Ghostwriting ensured favorable perspectives on opioids in scientific literature, aligning with broader industry strategies to promote opioids for chronic pain. Conclusions: The targeted marketing of opioids to veterans has exacerbated the opioid crisis, as documented in government reports and litigation. Rigorous oversight of industry-funded coalitions and evidence-based practices are critical to insulating military healthcare from corporate influence and addressing the opioid crisis among veterans.
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘Xiang Shuomi’ Pears (Pyrus communis L.) Unveil the Candidate Pathways and Genes Regulating Leaf and Fruit Size
Authors: Jiang Fudong , Wang Yiju , Li Jianzhao , Yu Qiang , Li Qingyu , Tang Xiaoli
Published: February 2025

The size of leaves and fruits is a crucial agronomic and economic trait for fruit trees. The ‘Bartlett’ pear is a famous cultivar with succulent and delicious fruit and is cultivated globally. ‘Xiang shuomi’ is a bud sport of the ‘Bartlett’ pear, discovered in our breeding work, and exhibits enlarged leaves and fruits. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of this superior agronomic trait is still elusive. In this study, comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed to explore the differences in gene expression and metabolite accumulation between these two pear cultivars. The transcriptome analysis showed a total of 1279 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with the flavonoid biosynthetic process being the most significant enriched biological process. Metabolome data indicated the detection of 412 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs), with the metabolites of flavonoid biosynthesis being enriched significantly. The integrative transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis further confirmed the pivotal role of the flavonoid biosynthetic process in distinguishing the two cultivars. Importantly, the genes that encoded enzymes related to flavonoid biosynthesis, including CHS, CHI, HCT, LAR and CYP75B1, increased their expressions in the ‘Xiang shuomi’ pear. Correspondingly, the metabolites galangin, chlorogenic acid, luteolin and catechin were found to accumulate in the ‘Xiang shuomi’ pear. Overall, this research identified key pathways and genes influencing the fruit and leaf size of pears, providing fundamental information for the high-yield breeding of fruit trees.
Effects of Different Densities of Carbon Dioxide Generation Bags on Cucumber Growth and Yield
Authors: Li Yuhan , Zhu Shuyi , Hu Junchao , Guo Shenbo , Shi Huifeng , Cao Yanfei
Published: February 2025

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the important factors affecting vegetable yield in controlled environments. This study used cucumber as an experimental material to investigate the effects of hanging different amounts of CO2 generation bags (CGBs) on the growth of temperature-loving vegetables under facility soil cultivation. CGBs of three different densities were set up: no application (TC), eight bags/265 m2 (T1), and sixteen bags/265 m2 (T2). The results showed the following: (1) Hanging CGBs at different densities significantly impacted indoor CO2 concentration. Light, temperature, and humidity also affected CO2 concentration to a certain extent. (2) The application of CGBs improved cucumber growth, photosynthesis, and quality-related indexes, resulting in a 28.9% increased yield compared to the control group. (3) The economic benefits of CGB application in each group were analyzed, revealing the economic benefits of high-density CGB cultivation on solar greenhouse cucumber. This study explored a low-cost and effective CO2 generation application mode.
GIS-Based Dashboards as Advanced Geospatial Applications for Climate Change Education and Teaching the Future
Authors: De Miguel González Rafael , Mar-Beguería Juan , Sebastián López María , Kratochvíl Ondrej
Published: February 2025

ArcGIS Dashboard technology allows for the integration and visualization of various maps, charts, and indicators within a single interface, using databases underneath a geographic information system. The two dashboards of the European project Teaching the Future address the dual objective of (i) cartographically displaying the evolution in four phases of climate change data experienced across the entire planet from 1954 to 2021 in vectorial cells measuring one degree of latitude by one degree of longitude and (ii) spatially representing three scenarios (low, medium, and high greenhouse gas emissions) up to the year 2100, showing potential temperature increases in those same cells. In addition to the maps, the different data and charts contribute to the understanding of anomalies relative to the average, the global increase in each selected area by zooming in on the map, and the evolution of both observed and projected data. Both dashboards represent an accurate and reliable treatment of the data, as well as a cartographic expression that is easy for map readers to understand, making them powerful resources for teaching climate change at any educational level, whether in higher education or schools and for a general audience.
Optimization of Worker Redeployment for Enhancing Customer Service Performance
Authors: Kim Hyunho , Kang Wonseok , Lee Eunmi
Published: February 2025

This study considers ways in which workers can be allocated dynamically in the few hours before the truck departure to flush the system of orders that are almost completed, thereby increasing the service performance of the system. To implement a worker allocation policy correctly, we need to answer the following questions: how many workers should we move, and when? We present the optimal number of workers required and the switching time for the proposed three dynamic worker reallocation policies through simulation experiments. The number of workers required was determined by the difference between the current and target probability of success of an order in the system based on the state-dependent sojourn time distribution, and the performance of the system was measured by Next Scheduled Departure (NSD). We find that the policies with late switching times and higher target probability of success have a greater effect on customer satisfaction. Our results suggest that it is possible to improve service performance significantly, in some conditions, by moving the right number of workers to the right place at the right time.
Computer Vision-Based Concrete Crack Identification Using MobileNetV2 Neural Network and Adaptive Thresholding
Authors: Hui Li , Ibrahim Ahmed , Hindi Riyadh
Published: February 2025

Concrete is widely used in different types of buildings and bridges; however, one of the major issues for concrete structures is crack formation and propagation during its service life. These cracks can potentially introduce harmful agents into concrete, resulting in a reduction in the overall lifespan of concrete structures. Traditional methods for crack detection primarily hinge on manual visual inspection, which relies on the experience and expertise of inspectors using tools such as magnifying glasses and microscopes. To address this issue, computer vision is one of the most innovative solutions for concrete cracking evaluation, and its application has been an area of research interest in the past few years. This study focuses on the utilization of the lightweight MobileNetV2 neural network for concrete crack detection. A dataset including 40,000 images was adopted and preprocessed using various thresholding techniques, of which adaptive thresholding was selected for developing the crack evaluation algorithm. While both the convolutional neural network (CNN) and MobileNetV2 indicated comparable accuracy levels in crack detection, the MobileNetV2 model’s significantly smaller size makes it a more efficient selection for crack detection using mobile devices. In addition, an advanced algorithm was developed to detect cracks and evaluate crack widths in high-resolution images. The effectiveness and reliability of both the selected method and the developed algorithm were subsequently assessed through experimental validation.
Biological Control Potential of the Reduviid Predator Rhynocoris fuscipes (Fabricius) in Managing Noctuid Pests: Insights Into Predation and Prey Preference
Authors: Xue Chuanzhen , Mao Jiaying , Xu Bowen , Zhou Lei , Zhou Haihang , Mao Jianjun , Shen Zhongjian , Zhang Lisheng , Wang Mengqing , Li Yuyan
Published: February 2025

Understanding predator–prey and predator–predator interactions is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of biocontrol agents and developing efficient pest management strategies. This study investigates the effects of prey species, predator life stage, and predator density on the predatory efficiency of the generalist predator Rhynocoris fuscipes (Fabricius) under semi-field conditions. Both the nymphs and adults of R. fuscipes consumed significantly more second-instar larvae of S. frugiperda than larvae of S. litura or M. separata. Notably, fifth-instar nymphs and adults exhibited higher predation capacity (11.75 ± 0.37 and 10.90 ± 0.40 larvae) than fourth-instar nymphs (9.05 ± 0.29 larvae) on S. frugiperda. R. fuscipes demonstrated a Type II functional response at all developmental stages toward each prey species, and fifth-instar nymphs revealed higher attack rates (a = 1.5205 ± 0.0544) on S. frugiperda; additionally, the handling time did not significantly differ among three prey species. It suggests that this predator may be more effective at controlling noctuid populations at low prey densities. As predator age and density increased, intraspecific competition among R. fuscipes also intensified. In a multi-prey system, R. fuscipes showed a marked preference for S. frugiperda over the other two prey species. These findings indicate that the fifth-instar nymphs and adults of R. fuscipes are particularly effective in suppressing early-instar larvae of the three noctuid pests, especially S. frugiperda, at low densities. This study enhances our understanding of the predation capacity and prey preference of R. fuscipes towards the three noctuid pests and provides a foundation for the development of more targeted and efficient pest management strategies using this predator.
Beyond Survival: Assessing Quality of Life, Activity Level, and Ethnic Diversity in Aortic Dissection Survivors
Authors: Bacour Nora , van Erp Olivia , Grewal Simran , Tirpan Aytug U. , Eberl Susanne , Yeung Kak Khee , Balm Ron , Verwoert Germaine C. , Driessen Antoine H. G. , Klautz Robert J. M. , Grewal Nimrat
Published: February 2025

Background: An acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a highly lethal condition that demands immediate medical intervention. Survivors often face significant long-term challenges. While immediate survival remains a critical focus in acute care settings, little is known about long-term results, especially with regard to activity levels, post-operative quality of life, and the impact of cultural and ethnic characteristics on recovery. Using data from the Dutch National Aortic Dissection Survivor’s Day, this study examines QoL, activity levels, and ethnic diversity among survivors. Methods: All patients (n = 45) participating in a national awareness meeting for AAD survivors at a teaching hospital were included in our study. Participants completed questionnaires assessing QoL, activity levels, and sociodemographic data, including ethnic background. The EQ-5D and IPAQ surveys were employed to measure health-related QoL and physical activity, respectively. Results: The mean age of the participants was 59.5 years, with 37.8% identifying as women. Ethnically, 88.9% identified as Dutch. The majority reported good health (mean score of 73/100). However, there was a considerable variation in QoL scores. On average, 22.2% of our study population reported moderate or greater problems across all dimensions, compared to 5.5% in the normative sample. Activity levels were mostly low to moderate, and no significant differences in QoL were found based on activity levels. Sleep quality was generally good. Conclusions: Our study reveals significant limitations in QoL among AAD survivors. This emphasizes the significance of developing a multimodal rehabilitation program focused on addressing current gaps in recovery. Ultimately, this will enhance overall care following AAD. Future research should focus on assessing long-term QoL.
Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound, MRI, and Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in the Preoperative Evaluation of Parotid Gland Tumors
Authors: Stoia Sebastian , Ciurea Anca , Băciuț Mihaela , Bran Simion , Armencea Gabriel , Boțan Emil , Lenghel Manuela , Tamaș Tiberiu , Mocan Rareș , Leucuța Daniel , Băciuț Grigore , Dinu Cristian
Published: February 2025

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the value of ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the preoperative evaluation of parotid tumors. Methods: A three-year prospective study, including 35 patients, was conducted. Preoperative ultrasound, MRI, and US-guided FNAB were performed on each patient, after which an imaging and cytological diagnosis was obtained. Each patient underwent surgical treatment. The imaging and cytological diagnoses were compared with the histopathological reports. Results: Ultrasound and MRI showed the same diagnostic performance in discriminating benign from malignant parotid tumors: sensitivity—80%, specificity—97%, and accuracy—94%. In this regard, FNAB registered a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%, 97%, and 97%, respectively. US, MRI, and FNAB were recorded as having high diagnostic accuracy in the detection of pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumors. Conclusions: Ultrasound and US-guided FNAB allow for the preoperative differential diagnosis of parotid tumors located in the superficial lobe. When US and FNAB results are inconclusive, MRI becomes mandatory.
Retinal Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy: From Early Detection to Personalized Treatment
Authors: Chondrozoumakis Georgios , Chatzimichail Eleftherios , Habra Oussama , Vounotrypidis Efstathios , Papanas Nikolaos , Gatzioufas Zisis , Panos Georgios D.
Published: February 2025

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss globally, with early detection and intervention critical to preventing severe outcomes. This narrative review examines the role of retinal biomarkers—molecular and imaging—in improving early diagnosis, tracking disease progression, and advancing personalized treatment for DR. Key biomarkers, such as inflammatory and metabolic markers, imaging findings from optical coherence tomography and fluorescence angiography and genetic markers, provide insights into disease mechanisms, help predict progression, and monitor responses to treatments, like anti-VEGF and corticosteroids. While challenges in standardization and clinical integration remain, these biomarkers hold promise for a precision medicine approach that could transform DR management through early, individualized care.
Efficacy of Colchicine in Reducing NT-proBNP, Caspase-1, TGF-β, and Galectin-3 Expression and Improving Echocardiography Parameters in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Multi-Center, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Astiawati Tri , Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Wihastuti Titin , Sujuti Hidayat , Endharti Agustina Tri , Sargowo Djanggan , Oceandy Delvac , Lestari Bayu , Triastuti Efta , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian
Published: February 2025

Background: Caspase-1 (reflects NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activity), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and Galectin-3 play significant roles in post-AMI fibrosis and inflammation. Recently, colchicine was shown to dampen inflammation after AMI; however, its direct benefit remains controversial. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the benefit of colchicine in reducing NT-proBNP, Caspase-1, TGF-β,and Galectin-3 expression and improving systolic–diastolic echocardiography parameters among AMI patients. Methods: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter clinical trial was conducted at three hospitals in East Java, Indonesia: Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, Dr. Soebandi Hospital Jember, and Dr. Iskak Hospital Tulungagung, between 1 June and 31 December 2023. A total of 161 eligible AMI subjects were randomly allocated 1:1 to colchicine (0.5 mg daily) or standard treatment for 30 days. Caspase-1, TGF-β, and Galectin-3 were tested on day 1 and day 5 by ELISA, while NT-proBNP was tested on days 5 and 30. Transthoracic echocardiography was also performed on day 5 and day 30. Results: By day 30, no significant improvements in systolic–diastolic echocardiography parameters had been shown in the colchicine group. However, colchicine reduced the level of NT-proBNP on day 30 more than placebo (ΔNT-proBNP: −73.74 ± 87.53 vs. −75.75 ± 12.44 pg/mL; p < 0.001). Moreover, colchicine lowered the level of Caspase-1 expression on day 5 and the levels of TGF-β and Galectin-3 expression on day 1. Conclusions: Colchicine can reduce NT-proBNP, Caspase-1, TGF-β, and Galectin-3 expression significantly among AMI patients. Colchicine administration was capable of reducing post-AMI inflammation, ventricular dysfunction, and heart failure but did not improve systolic–diastolic echocardiography parameters (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06426537).
Temporal Trends in the Use of Biological Agents in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Real-World Data from a Tertiary Inflammatory Bowel Disease Greek Center During a 5-Year Period
Authors: Markopoulos Panagiotis , Gaki Aikaterini , Kokkotis Georgios , Chalakatevaki Konstantina , Kioulos Nikolaos , Kitsou Vasso , Tsitsigiannis Constantinos , Gizis Michael , Prapa Paraskevi , Chatzinikolaou Stamatina-Lydia , Laoudi Efrosini , Koutsounas Ioannis , Bamias Giorgos
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Therapeutic management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is rapidly evolving in the era of novel biological therapies. However, real-world data relating to the usage trends and treatment persistence remain inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate trends in biological use, dose intensification, and treatment persistence in IBD patients, who received treatment in a large tertiary center in Greece. Methods: Patients with IBD who underwent at least one biological treatment between 2018 and 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Data on patients’ demographics, type of disease, use of biologicals, dose intensification, and treatment persistence were analyzed for time trends. Results: Data from 409 patients with IBD (mean age 39 (range 17–87), female 51%, 56.9% CD, mean duration of disease: 9.3 years) were included in the study. The number of patients on biologics was raised from 133 in 2018 to 368 in 2022 (a 28.1% yearly increase), while the percentage of patients who were treated with anti-TNF biosimilars increased to >60% of the total anti-TNF population in 2022. We observed a gradual increase in non-anti-TNF therapies in bio-naïve patients, in particular vedolizumab (46% of all biologicals in UC; 16% in CD) and ustekinumab (16.3% of all biologicals in UC, 31% in CD). The 3-year persistence rate of IFX was 64% in CD and 56% in UC, whereas it was 61% for ADA in CD. Dose intensification of anti-TNF was efficient in >50% of CD patients and >30% of UC patients; however, the majority of patients who required dose escalation within the first year eventually became unresponsive. The 3-year persistence of vedolizumab as a first-line treatment was 82% for CD and 69% for UC, respectively. The 3-year persistence of ustekinumab as first-line treatment for CD was 65%. No significant differences regarding the efficacy of anti-TNF, ustekinumab, or vedolizumab were detected when they were used as first-line treatments for Crohn’s disease; similarly, no significant differences were detected between infliximab and vedolizumab as first-line treatments for UC. Conclusions: There was a gradual increase in the use of biologicals, including biosimilars, between the years 2018–2022, reflecting adherence to current guidance with adoption of an early escalation strategy. Newer, post-anti-TNF biologics such as vedolizumab and ustekinumab have been rapidly incorporated into therapeutic approaches for both CD and UC.
Real-World Setting of Efficacy and Safety of 3 Years of Rifaximin Administration in Japanese Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Kawaratani Hideto , Namisaki Tadashi , Kondo Yasuteru , Tatsumi Ryoji , Kawabe Naoto , Tanabe Norikazu , Sakamaki Akira , Hoshikawa Kyoko , Uchida Yoshihito , Endo Kei , Kawaguchi Takumi , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Ishizu Yoji , Hige Shuhei , Takami Taro , Terai Shuji , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Mochida Satoshi , Koike Kazuhiko , Yoshiji Hitoshi
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Rifaximin is a therapeutic agent for patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE); however, there is little data on the effects of its long-term (>1 year) administration in Japanese patients with cirrhosis. The effects and safety of 3-year rifaximin treatment on HE was investigated in Japan. Methods: A total of 190 Japanese patients with cirrhosis who were continuously administered rifaximin for more than 1 year suffered overt or covert HE, which was diagnosed by a physician. Laboratory data were collected at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months following rifaximin administration. We examined the cumulative overt HE incidences, overall survival rates, and hepatic functional reserves following rifaximin treatment. The occurrence of adverse events was also assessed. Results: The levels of ammonia improved significantly after 3 months of rifaximin administration, which continued for 3 years. Serum albumin and prothrombin activity also significantly improved 3 years after initiation of rifaximin treatment. Cumulative overt HE incidences were 12.1%, 19.7%, and 24.9% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. The survival rates following rifaximin treatment were 100%, 88.9%, and 77.8% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. In contrast, renal function and electrolytes did not change following rifaximin administration. Only three (1.6%) patients discontinued rifaximin therapy because of severe diarrhea after 1 year of rifaximin administration. No other serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Three years of continuous rifaximin (RFX) treatment was both effective and safe for patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Liver function improved and did not worsen during treatment.
Fungal-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Literature Review in Non-HIV Populations
Authors: Chiu Chia-Yu , Hicklen Rachel S. , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P.
Published: February 2025

We performed a thorough search of the literature published through December 2024 with no date exclusions on invasive fungal infection (IFI)-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. The frequency of IFI-induced HLH reported across 16 articles was 9%. Of the 116 identified cases with available clinical information, 53% occurred in immunocompromised patients. IFIs were usually disseminated (76%), with Histoplasma capsulatum being the most common pathogen (51%). IFI and HLH were diagnosed simultaneously in most cases (78%). The 30-day survival rate was 64%. Reported cases had significant heterogeneity in patient characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes.
Enhancing Consumer Empowerment: Insights into the Role of Rationality When Making Financial Investment Decisions
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Hewege Chandana , Perera Chamila
Published: February 2025

With an avalanche of market manipulations and unethical tactics in the Australian financial industry, the empowerment levels of female Australian consumers when making financial investment decisions are highly questionable. Through the theoretical lens of a utilitarian perspective, financial investment decisions are often built on the pillars of trust, security, and assurance, which allow consumers to make decisions rationally and gain empowerment when making these decisions. However, due to the widespread manipulations prevailing in Australian financial markets, the role of rationality and its influence on consumer empowerment remain understudied. Based on this context, this paper uncovers the association between how each stage of rational decision-making (RDM) (i.e., demand identification, information search, and the evaluation of alternatives) influences the consumer power (i.e., consumer resistance and consumer influence) of female Australian consumers when making financial investment decisions. In doing so, this study employs a quantitative approach, whereby the proposed conceptual framework is tested among 357 female Australian consumers to understand their decision-making power in the presence of heightened situations of market manipulation in the financial industry. The results show that information search has a significant positive relationship with consumer influence and consumer resistance when making financial investment decisions. Additionally, the findings suggest that female Australian consumers should not only rely on individual-based sources of power but also have exposure to network-based sources of power to gain empowerment when making financial investment decisions. Lastly, it is suggested that government bodies, financial institutions, and regulatory authorities should not only implement financial literacy programs but also promote gender diversity across organisations to encourage women’s empowerment (i.e., Goal 5 (SDGs)—Achieve Gender Equality and Empower all Women and Girls).
Optimization of Process Parameters for Laser-Directed Energy Deposition Coatings of FeCoNi + 1%Y2O3 High-Entropy Alloy Based on Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Shao Danlin , Bi Xiaolin , Hong Minsheng , Li Ruifeng
Published: February 2025

In order to achieve precise shaping control of FeCoNi + 1%Y2O3 laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) coatings and to reveal the influence of LDED process parameters on coating morphology, the response surface methodology (RSM) is employed in this study. The process parameters, including laser power, scanning speed, and powder feeding rate, are comprehensively considered, with the dilution rate, width-to-height ratio, and cladding area as evaluation criteria. A regression model is established to analyze both the individual and interactive effects of process parameters on forming quality. The findings indicate that the ideal process parameters are a laser power of 706.8 W, scanning speed of 646.2 mm/min, and powder feeding rate of 12 g/min. Experimental validation shows that the mean actual errors compared to the predicted values for dilution rate, width-to-height ratio, and cladding area are 7.36%, 10.03%, and 3.50%, respectively, proving the reliability of the model. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the prediction and control of the morphology of high-entropy alloy deposited layers with the addition of Y2O3.
TNF-α Activates NF-κB Signalling Pathway in MG-63 Cells on Titanium and Zirconia Implant Surfaces
Authors: Mukaddam Khaled , Ruggiero Sabrina , Berger Steffen M. , Cholewa Dietmar , Dekany Gabriela , Bartenstein Andreas , Milošević Milan , Kühl Sebastian , Bornstein Michael M. , Alhawasli Farah , Fasler-Kan Elizaveta
Published: February 2025

Dental implant therapy is a widely used clinical procedure for restoring missing teeth in patients. Zirconia implants were introduced as an alternative to titanium implants due to their excellent biocompatibility and esthetic properties. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway is responsible for multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a significant and crucial mediator of inflammatory processes. The dysregulation of NF-κB activation induces pathological processes in multiple diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the activation of the NF-κB pathway upon stimulation with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) cultured on zirconia surfaces in comparison to titanium surfaces. Several methods such as immunoblot, immunofluorescence, MTT assay, and flow cytometry were used in this study. We observed that human recombinant TNF-α caused a strong activation of the NF-κB pathway on both zirconia and titanium discs and in wells without any discs. This activation was marked by the upregulation of MHC class I proteins in MG-63 cells grown on both titanium and zirconia discs; however, there was no effect on MHC class II protein expression. In summary, the present study has shown that TNF-α stimulation equally activates the NF-κB pathway in MG-63 cells cultured on both titanium and zirconia surfaces.
Mechanical Properties of Cu+CuO Coatings Determined by Nanoindentation and Laugier Model
Authors: Sowa Sylwia , Kacprzyńska-Gołacka Joanna , Smolik Jerzy , Wieciński Piotr
Published: February 2025

Nanoindentation-based fracture toughness measurements of three different materials based on copper oxide with a Berkovich indenter are fascinating topics in material science. The main purpose of this study was to calculate the fracture toughness in mode I (KIc) for three copper oxide coatings (Cu+CuO) deposited on a steel substrate by the DC magnetron sputtering method. The parameter KIc can be referred to as the critical load (Pcritical), where the cracking process is initiated uncontrollably. The basic mechanical parameters, such as the hardness and Young’s modulus of Cu+CuO coatings, were determined using a Berkovich nanoindenter operated with the continuous contact stiffness measurement (CSM) option. Structural observation was performed by scanning electron microscopy (Helios). Using the nanohardness tester from Anton Paar with a Berkovich diamond indenter with experimentally selected load allowed generation of visible and measurable cracks, which were necessary for KIc calculation. Crack lengths were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM Hitachi TM3000). The obtained results indicated that the values of hardness and Young’s modulus of Cu+CuO coatings decreased as the power of the magnetron source and the fracture toughness coefficient increased. In the case of the presented study, the Laugier model was chosen for KIc determination.
The Adaptation of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Spheroids to the Chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin: The Dynamic Role of Phase I Drug Metabolizing Enzymes
Authors: Crispim Daniel , Ramos Carolina , Esteves Francisco , Kranendonk Michel
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Drug resistance (DR) is a major challenge in cancer therapy, contributing to approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths. While alterations in drug metabolism are known to be key drivers of DR, their role—particularly in the early stages of acquired chemoresistance—remains understudied. Phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), especially cytochrome P450s (CYPs), significantly influence the metabolic fate of chemotherapeutic agents, directly affecting drug response. This study aimed to investigate the role of Phase I DMEs in the early metabolic adaptation of breast cancer (BC) MCF-7 cells to doxorubicin (DOX). Methods: Four types of spheroids were generated from MCF-7 cells that were either DOX-sensitive (DOXS) or adapted to low concentrations of the chemotherapeutic agent (DOXA 25, 35, and 45 nM). The expression levels of 92 Phase I DMEs and the activities of specific CYP isoforms were assessed in both DOXS and DOXA spheroids. Results: A total of twenty-four DMEs, including fifteen CYPs and nine oxidoreductases, were found to be differentially expressed in DOXA spheroids. Pathway analysis identified key roles for the differentially expressed DMEs in physiologically relevant pathways, including the metabolism of drugs, arachidonic acid, retinoic acid, and vitamin D. Conclusions: The deconvolution of these pathways highlights a highly dynamic process driving early-stage DOX resistance, with a prominent role of CYP3A-dependent metabolism in DOX adaptation. Our findings provide valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms driving the early adaptation of MCF-7 cells to DOX exposure.
Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense: Biofilm Formation, Host Immune Response, and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Lira Roseane Lustosa de Santana , Nogueira Flávio Augusto Barros , Campos Rosália de Fátima Penna de Carvalho , Ferreira Dayenne Regina Mota , Roxo Pedro Lucas Brito Tromps , de Azevedo Caio César Santana , Gimenes Eleonôra Costa Monteiro , Bastos Ruan Lucas Costa , Nascimento Camila Evangelista Carnib , Nunes Flávia Danyelle Oliveira , Marques Mayane Cristina Pereira , Campos Carmem Duarte Lima , Martinez Camila Guerra , Zagmignan Adrielle , Silva Luís Cláudio Nascimento , Ribeiro Rachel Melo , de Azevedo dos Santos Ana Paula Silva , Carvalho Rafael Cardoso , de Sousa Eduardo Martins
Published: February 2025

Infection by Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense poses a growing public health threat, especially to immunocompromised individuals. The pathogenicity of this mycobacterium is directly linked to its ability to form biofilms, complex structures that confer resistance to antibiotics and the host immune response. The extracellular matrix of the biofilm acts as a physical barrier, hindering the penetration of drugs and the action of the immune system, while also inducing a slow-growth state that reduces susceptibility to antibiotics. Current therapies, which involve prolonged use of multiple antibiotics, are often ineffective and cause significant side effects. Therefore, it is essential to explore new strategies targeting bacterial resistance and biofilm destruction. This narrative review explores the biofilm-forming capacity of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense and the potential of novel therapeutic strategies. Promising approaches include inhibiting biofilm formation, developing drugs with improved penetration of the extracellular matrix, combination therapies with agents that destabilize the biofilm structure, and modulating the host immune response. Investing in research and development of new therapeutic strategies is essential to combat this resistant bacterium and improve patient outcomes.
Hesperetin Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication by Downregulating the P38/JUN/FOS Pathway In Vitro
Authors: Gu Ruiheng , Zhao Feike , Li Quanying , Hou Limin , Liu Guochang , Sun Xueyan , Du Junyuan , Fang Binghu
Published: February 2025

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a persistent pathogen that causes significant economic losses to the global swine industry. Commercial vaccines provide only partial protection, and no effective therapeutic treatments are currently available. In this study, we demonstrate that hesperetin (Hst), a flavonoid glycoside derived from orange and tangerine peels, inhibits PRRSV replication in a dose-dependent manner in Marc-145 and PAMs cells. Transcriptome analysis further reveals that the anti-PRRSV effects of Hst are associated with the suppression of the P38 MAPK pathway, as Hst significantly downregulates key genes, including NRA41, JUN, FOS, and DUSP1. Subsequent investigations show that Hst inhibits PRRSV replication by downregulating the P38/JUN/FOS signaling cascade. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies against PRRSV infection.
Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Ionic Rare Earth Magnesium Salt Enrichment and Removing Aluminum by MgO Precipitation
Authors: Wang Qiang , Qi Tao , Liu Yinliang , Yu Hongdong , Zhang Limin , Zhan Wei
Published: February 2025

Production of rare earth enrichment from the in situ leaching solution of ion-adsorbed rare earth ores greatly decreases the treatment scale and significantly reduces production energy consumption and cost. However, the generated rare earth enrichment has a high content of impurities. Further purification of rare earth is necessary. Therefore, a process comprised of sulfuric acid leaching and removing aluminum by the neutralization precipitation method to obtain the purified rare earth solution was proposed. The results of acid leaching revealed that at a sulfuric acid concentration of 1.75 mol/L, a temperature of 60 °C, a liquid–solid ratio of 5:1 mL/g, a leaching time of 0.5 h, and a stirring rate of 300 r/min, leaching efficiency of rare earth and magnesium reached 99.11% and 97.39%, respectively, while the leaching efficiencies of aluminum and silicon reached 72.91% and 55.26%, respectively. The comparison of different precipitants during the neutralization precipitation process showed that MgO was the best precipitant for the efficient removal of aluminum and low loss of rare earth. The results of removing aluminum revealed that when the final pH of the rare earth leaching solution was controlled to be 4.7, the reaction temperature was 25 °C, the slurry concentration of MgO was 0.3 mol/L, and the feeding rate of the MgO slurry was 0.5 mL/min, the removal rate of aluminum was 99.49%, and the loss rate of rare earth was 13.93%. The obtained purified rare earth solution contained 19 g/L of rare earth and less than 0.01 g/L of aluminum. Kinetic studies showed that the apparent activation energy of the aluminum removal process was 6.8 kJ/mol, indicating that the precipitation process was controlled by a mass transfer diffusion reaction.
Effect of the Incorporation of an Innovative Monomer with a Quaternary Ammonium Group into a Temporary Soft Liner on Its Biological and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Kula Patrycja , Barszczewska-Rybarek Izabela , Mertas Anna , Chladek Grzegorz
Published: February 2025

The colonizing of temporary soft lining materials in the oral cavity by yeast-like fungi, particularly Candida albicans, poses a significant risk of complications during prosthetic treatment. Various experimental materials incorporating antimicrobial additives, such as drugs, natural oils, and inorganic particles, have been tested. However, these components are not chemically bonded to a polymer network, making them prone to being easily released into the surrounding environment. This study aimed to evaluate experimental soft lining materials containing liquid components with 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-2-decylhydroxyethylmethylammonium bromide, a monomethacrylate monomer with a quaternary ammonium group, added at concentrations of 8.54%, 8.75%, and 14.90% by weight. The adherence of Candida albicans, cytotoxicity, glass transition temperature (Tg), sorption (WS), solubility (WSL), Shore A hardness (SHA), tensile strength (TS), and tensile bond strength (TBS) were tested. Two tested materials did not show cytotoxicity for the 2-day undiluted extracts. The Candida albicans adhesions were reduced for two materials. The SHA values compared to the control were varied but all decreased with time. WS and WSL increased compared to the control. The TBS values were at an acceptable level.
Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties of Phenolics with Coumarin, Naphthoquinone and Pyranone Moieties Against Foodborne Microorganisms
Authors: Alejo-Armijo Alejandra , Cobo Antonio , Alejo-Armijo Alfonso , Altarejos Joaquín , Salido Sofía , Ortega-Morente Elena
Published: February 2025

Numerous studies have previously demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts rich in procyanidins. However, these investigations that focused on uncharacterized extracts do not provide information on the structure–activity relationships of these compounds. The aim of this work was to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of 27 phenolics with coumarin, naphthoquinone and pyranone moieties against foodborne microorganisms, as well as to establish structure–activity relationships. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for each compound were investigated, as well as their ability for inhibiting biofilm formation as well as disrupting previously formed biofilms by food pathogens. Our compounds show high antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive bacteria. Regarding the structure–activity relationships observed, the coumarin moiety seems to favor the antibacterial activity against both S. aureus strains assayed, while a naphthoquinone moiety enhances antibacterial effects against B. cereus. Moreover, the replacement of OH groups in the B-ring by methoxy groups impairs antibacterial activity of the compounds against target bacteria, while the presence of Cl or OH groups in the molecules seems to enhance the inhibition of biofilm formation as well as the disruption of preformed biofilms. These results may be of great relevance for the food sector, increasing the options of additives that can be used industrially.
Pain Pressure Threshold as a Non-Linear Marker of Neural Adaptation in Amputees: Evidence from the DEFINE Cohort
Authors: Imamura Marta , Gianlorenço Anna Carolyna , Lacerda Guilherme J. M. , Battistella Linamara Rizzo , Fregni Felipe
Published: February 2025

Background: Amputation poses significant physical, psychological, and emotional challenges, with chronic pain being one of the most debilitating outcomes. Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT), a measure of nociceptive sensitivity, is a valuable tool for assessing changes in pain perception. Understanding PPT modulation in amputees is crucial for uncovering the mechanisms underlying pain and developing targeted interventions for pain management. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate PPT in amputees and identify factors associated with PPT variation in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed neurophysiological, clinical, and demographic data from 86 amputee patients. PPT was assessed as the primary outcome, and its associations with demographic and clinical predictors were examined using both linear and quadratic regression models. Results: Multivariate analysis identified a significant association between PPT and biological sex, with females exhibiting lower PPT values than males. Quadratic regression analyses revealed inverted U-shaped associations between PPT and age, BMI, and duration since amputation. PPT increased with age, peaking at 45.8 years, followed by a decline. Similar patterns were observed for BMI, peaking at 27.0 kg/m2, and for amputation duration, peaking at 26.6 months. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that sex, age, BMI, and time since amputation are significant factors influencing PPT in amputees, with nonlinear relationships observed for age, BMI, and amputation duration. These results suggest that physiological and disease-related factors (such as age, BMI, and duration of injury) have specific peaks for optimal PPT, highlighting their role in the brain’s compensatory system and potential implications for targeted pain management strategies.