bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guided Inquiry Method and Self-Efficacy on High School Students' Physics Learning Outcomes
Authors: Riben Sulfa , Arsyad Muhammad , Helmi Helmi
Published: September 2024

A change in the learning paradigm is needed to develop a scientific attitude to form students who are creative, critical, open, innovative, and competitive. This study aims to analyze the effect of the guided inquiry learning method and self-efficacy on students' physics learning outcomes. This research is true experimental research that compares the application of the guided and free inquiry methods. This study involved 70 students from 2 classes selected by simple random sampling. The instruments used in this study were self-efficacy questionnaires and student learning outcomes. The data collected were then analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS 20. The results showed that applying the inquiry method and self-efficacy influenced students' physics learning outcomes. Applying the guided inquiry method and high student self-efficacy resulted in high learning outcomes. Conversely, they applied the free inquiry method with low self-efficacy, which resulted in low learning outcomes. However, there was no interaction between the inquiry method and self-efficacy.
Speech Development Pattern Strategy in Indonesian Language Teaching Practices by PPG Students Daljab PGRI
Authors: Ida Ayu Agung Ekasriadi  , I Kadek Adhi Dwipayana  , Ni Luh Gede Liswahyuningsih
Published: September 2024

The teacher acts as the main communicator in the classroom, using spoken language to convey material, motivate students, and create a conducive learning environment. However, many teachers, especially Indonesian language teachers, still need to fully understand the importance of skills in learning, resulting in their speaking skills being low. This study aims to analyze the strategies of speech development patterns as well as the reasons and purposes of their application in Indonesian language teaching practice by PPG Daljab K1 students. This research is classified into case study research. The data source is in the form of learning videos uploaded to each PPG Daljab student's YouTube account, totaling 36 data. Data collection is done using observation and interview methods. The instrument used is an interview sheet. After the data was collected, it was analyzed through several stages, including three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. The main results of this study show that PPG Daljab students use various strategies of speech development patterns, such as deductive, inductive, causal, logical, direct comparison, basic techniques of explanation before or after the statement, analogy, narration, and climax, in the practice of teaching Indonesian. This study concludes that the use of this strategy creates an effective learning situation, allowing students to develop mental and intellectual activities to the fullest. The implication of this study suggests the importance of integrating this strategy into the educational curriculum to improve the effectiveness of Indonesian language learning at the PPG Daljab level.
Transforming Teaching Practices Through Comprehensive Clinical Supervision in Secondary Schools
Authors: Mesta Limbong Mesta
Published: September 2024

The teachers do not agree that the principal's supervision is more bureaucratic and autocratic, emphasizing hierarchy. The fact is that 44% of teachers do not like the supervision carried out in the classroom by either the principal or his deputy, and 58.8% of secondary school teachers disagree with teaching observations. This is urgent to research because there is a difference between theory and reality. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of clinical supervision on the teaching performance of teachers in secondary schools. Quantitative research method using a combination of teaching and learning observation instruments that have been adapted from all schools in assessing. The subjects were 38 secondary school teachers. Data collection techniques using observation instruments. The instrument was developed from indicators used as a tool to measure teacher performance. The instrument is given a score from point 1 to point 5. Analysis technique using SPSS Version 25.0 with measurements based on Learning Plans, induction tools, material delivery, questioning techniques, student involvement, reinforcement, training, and student assignments, checking training and student assignments, closing learning, and classroom management before and after clinical supervision. The results and findings of this research help teachers in schools to know the strengths and weaknesses when teaching is delivered in class. Clinical supervision also helps teachers improve the teaching and learning process more effectively so that teaching can improve student mastery. Clinical supervision can also be used as a guide for high school students to improve their knowledge.
Kahoot!-Based Interactive Multimedia: Can it Increase Social Studies Learning Interest?
Authors: Sujarwo  , Arita Marini  , Yarmi Gusti , Safitri Sheila Syalma , Safitri Desy , Dewiyani Leola , Zahari Musril
Published: September 2024

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 requires teachers to adapt, master, and use technological devices supporting learning. However, the current problem is that many teachers still need help developing digital learning media for learning activities. This research aims to create interactive multimedia based on Kahoot! to increase fourth-grade elementary school student's interest in learning Social Sciences. This research uses the ADDIE model, which involves analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were 30 elementary school students. This research uses a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data collection methods use questionnaires and tests. Data collection instruments use questionnaire sheets and test questions. Data analysis techniques use descriptive qualitative, quantitative analysis, and inferential statistics. The research results show a significant difference between the Pretest and post-test, which were treated using Kahoot! Multimedia based. Interactive multimedia based on Kahoot! can increase interest in learning Social Sciences in fourth-grade elementary school students.
AKTIVITAS ANTIFUNGI EKSTRAK DAUN Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson TERHADAP BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) TERINFEKSI Ganoderma boninense
Authors: Saragih Wismaroh Sanniwati
Published: September 2024

Aktivitas antijamur ekstrak daun Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson diketahui mengandung senyawa kimia flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, tanin, dan saponin yang berfungsi sebagai antijamur. Sementara itu senyawa kimia daun pada tanaman yang dapat bersifat antijamur terhadap Ganoderma boninense pada tanaman kelapa sawit diperoleh dengan cara ekstraksi.  Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun A. gangetica sebagai antijamur pada tanaman kelapa sawit yang disebabkan oleh patogen G. boninense. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial pada taraf nyata 95%. Pengujian konsentrasi ekstrak daun A. gangetica 1 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, dan 8 mg/mL sebanyak 50 mL/tanaman menggunakan teknik siram keliling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian ekstrak daun A. gangetica pada tanaman terinfeksi umur 8 bulan setelah inokulasi dosis 8 mg/mL dapat memacu pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman, yaitu: tinggi tanaman (78,7 cm), jumlah daun (11,3 helai), diameter batang (25,7 mm), dan jumlah klorofil daun 57 SPAD (Soil Plant Analyses Development), rata-rata kejadian penyakit (11,12%), dan keparahan penyakit (7,88%). Analisis histologis akar tanaman yang terinfeksi menunjukkan di sel parenkim dari ikatan pembuluh telah hancur, tetapi bibit kelapa sawit yang diberi ekstrak daun A. gangetica memiliki sel yang utuh, dan sehat. Aktivitas antijamur metabolit sekunder A. gangetica berpotensi menekan perkembangan patogen G. boninense pada bibit kelapa sawit di rumah kaca.
STUDI PENGELOLAAN HARA SPESIFIK LOKASI DI KABUPATEN SORONG PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Cahyono Tri , Indriawaty A. Ririen , Gani Rachmat Abdul , Hati Diah Puspita , Pratamaningsih Mira Media , Karolinoerita Vicca , Cahyana Destika
Published: September 2024

Studi bertujuan menghimpun dan mengevaluasi data dari beberapa pendekatan anjuran pemupukan dan mendapatkan anjuran pemupukan spesifik lokasi yang terbaik dari beberapa paket anjuran pemupukan pada tanaman padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan secara On Farm Research, dengan melibatkan petani sebagai kooperator. Pengkajian ini menggunakan varietas Inpari 9 dan Cibogo, dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 6 (enam) perlakuan takaran pupuk dan tiga ulangan. Takaran pupuk berdasarkan pada beberapa anjuran yaitu PR1 anjuran pupuk padi sawah AEZ (Urea: 200-225 kg/ha, SP-36: 0-25 kg/ha, KCl: 25-50 kg/ha), PR2 anjuran pupuk padi sawah Permentan No. 40/Permentan/OT. 140/4/2007 (Urea: 75 kg/ha, SP-36: 100 kg/ha, KCl: 100 kg/ha), PR3 anjuran pupuk padi sawah PHSL-IRRI (Phonska 175 kg/ha dan Urea 125 kg/ha), PR4 anjuran pupuk padi sawah Kalender Tanam atau KATAM (Urea: 200 kg/ha, SP-36: 50 kg/ha, KCl: 50 kg/ha), PR5 anjuran pupuk padi sawah PUTS dan PR6 (takaran pupuk petani/kontrol). Hasil analisis kimia tanah terhadap kandungan unsur hara N, P, dan K pada fase generatif varietas Inpari 9 dari urutan tertinggi yaitu 0,23% N (sedang) dengan takaran pupuk Urea 200 kg/ha, 1,29 ppm P2O5 (sangat rendah) dengan takaran pupuk Phonska 175 kg/ha, dan 0,45 me% K2O5 (sedang) dengan takaran pupuk KCl 100 kg/ha. Sedangkan varietas Cibogo kandungan N, P dan K dari urutan nilai tertinggi yaitu 0,32% N (sedang) dengan takaran pupuk Urea 200 kg/ha, 1,03 ppm P2O5 (sangat rendah) dengan takaran pupuk SP-36 75 kg/ha dan 0,34 me% K2O5 (rendah) dengan takaran KCl 100 kg/ha.
Enhanced biomedical potential of polyurethane/hydroxyapatite composites through chemical modification: A comprehensive study on structure, morphology, and cytocompatibility for tissue regeneration
Authors: Sultan Misbah , Parveen Shaista , Uddin Mohammad N. , Jubeen Farhat , Kazi Mohsin
Published: September 2024

Polyurethane/hydroxyapatite (PU/HA) composites are well-known for various biomedical applications. This study reports a chemical approach to improve the interaction between HA and PU matrix. HA was surface-modified with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). First, an isocyanate-modified HA (IHA) was synthesized by hydro-thermal method. Second, IHA was incorporated into a separately synthesized thermoplastic PU by a solvent casting technique. A series of PU/IHA composites was prepared by varying PU᾿s soft and hard segments. The IHA was added to PU (5 and 10 %). The FTIR spectra exhibited characteristic bands of urethane and HA, confirming the synthesis of the composites. XRD study showed the crystallite size of IHA (20 Å) with hexagonal geometry and an amorphous to semicrystalline nature of composites. SEM showed that composites displayed porous and granular morphology. The TGA thermograms of the composites revealed the thermal stability up to 400 °C. The IHA addition considerably improved hydrophilicity and degradation of the composites in simulated body fluid (SBF). MTT assay revealed improved cytocompatibility (> 80 %) of the composites. These results demonstrated an appreciable improvement in structure, morphology, hydrophilicity, degradation, and cytocompatibility of PU/IHA composites by chemical modification of HA. Hence, these composites possess remarkable potential for biomedical applications such as tissue regeneration.
Alternative buffer systems in biopharmaceutical formulations and their effect on protein stability
Authors: Lebar Blaž , Zidar Mitja , Mravljak Janez , Šink Roman , Žula Aleš , Pajk Stane
Published: September 2024

The formulation of biopharmaceutical drugs is designed to eliminate chemical instabilities, increase conformational and colloidal stability of proteins, and optimize interfacial stability. Among the various excipients involved, buffer composition plays a pivotal role. However, conventional buffers like histidine and phosphate buffers may not always be the optimal choice for all monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, we investigated the effects of several alternative buffer systems on seven different mAbs, exploring various combinations of ionic strengths, concentrations of the main buffer component, mAb concentrations, and stress conditions. Protein stability was assessed by analyzing soluble aggregate formation through size exclusion chromatography. At low protein concentrations, protein instability after temperature stress was exclusively observed in the bis-TRIS/ glucuronate buffer. Conversely, freeze-thaw stress led to a significant increase in aggregate formation in tested formulations, highlighting the efficacy of several alternative buffers, particularly arginine/ citrate, in preserving protein stability. Under temperature stress, the introduction of arginine to histidine buffer systems provided additional stabilization, while the addition of lysine resulted in protein destabilization. Similarly, the incorporation of arginine into histi-dine/HCl buffer further enhanced protein stability during freeze--thaw cycles. At high protein concentrations, the histidine/citrate buffer emerged as one of the most optimal choices for addressing temperature and light-induced stress. The efficacy of histidine buffers in combating light stress might be attributed to the light-absorbing properties of histidine molecules. Our findings demonstrate that the development of biopharmaceutical formulations should not be confined to conventional buffer systems, as numerous alternative options exhibit comparable or even superior performance.
Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of new 3-amido-4-substituted monocyclic ß-lactams as inhibitors of penicillin-binding protein(s)
Authors: Grabrijan Katarina , Benedik Nika Strašek , Krajnc Alen , Bozovičar Krištof , Knez Damijan , Proj Matic , Zdovc Irena , Sosič Izidor , Contreras-Martel Carlos , Dessen Andréa , Rambaher Martina Hrast , Gobec Stanislav
Published: September 2024

In the final phases of bacterial cell wall synthesis, penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) catalyze the cross-linking of peptidoglycan. For many decades, effective and non-toxic β-lactam antibiotics have been successfully used as mimetics of the d-Ala-d-Ala moiety of the natural substrate and employed as irreversible inhibitors of PBPs. In the years following their discovery, the emergence of resistant bacteria led to a decline in their clinical efficacy. Using Staudinger cycloaddition, we synthesized a focused library of novel monocyclic β-lactams in which different substituents were introduced at the C4 position of the β-lactam ring, at the C3 amino position, and at the N1 lactam nitrogen. In biochemical assays, the compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the model enzyme PBP1b from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Upon investigation of the antibacterial activity of the newly prepared compounds against ESKAPE pathogens, some compounds showed moderate inhibition. We also examined their reactivity and selectivity in a biochemical assay with other enzymes that have a catalytic serine in the active site, such as human cholinesterases, where they also showed no inhibitory activity, highlighting their specificity for bacterial targets. These compounds form the basis for further work on new monocyclic β-lactams with improved antibacterial activity.
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib is oxidized by rat cytochromes P450 and affects their expression in rat liver
Authors: Indra Radek , Jelínková Sandra , Kollárová Katarína , Zahumenská Petra , Dvořák Josef , Dušková Šárka , Dračínská Helena
Published: September 2024

Lenvatinib is an orally effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat several types of tumors, including progressive, radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and advanced renal cell carcinoma. Although this drug is increasingly used in therapy, its metabolism and effects on the organism are still not described in detail. Using the rat as an experimental animal model, this study aimed to investigate the metabolism of lenvatinib by rat microsomal enzymes and cytochrome P450 (CYPs) enzymes recombinantly expressed in SupersomesTM
in vitro and to assess the effect of lenvatinib on rat CYP expression in vivo. Two metabolites, O-desmethyl lenvatinib, and lenvatinib N-oxide, were produced by rat CYPs in vitro. CYP2A1 and 2C12 were found to be the most effective in forming O-desmethyl lenvatinib, while CYP3A2 was found to primarily form lenvatinib N-oxide. The administration of lenvatinib to rats caused changes in the expression of mRNA and protein, as well as the activity of various CYPs, particularly in an increase in CYP1A1. Thus, the administration of lenvatinib to rats has an impact on the level of CYPs.
PPIA, HRPT1, and PGK1 genes as the appropriate combination for RT-qPCR normalization in alveolar and femoral bone remodeling in olanzapine-treated rats
Authors: Disha-Ibrahimi Saranda , Drevenšek Gorazd , Drevenšek Martina , Marc Janja , Žitnik Irena Prodan
Published: September 2024

Reliable gene expression analysis in bone remodeling studies requires an appropriate selection of internal controls, i.e. stable reference genes for the normalization of quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), the most common method used for quantifying gene expression measurements. Even the most widely used reference genes can have variable expression under different experimental conditions, or in different tissue types or treatment regimes, so selecting appropriate controls is a key step in ensuring reliable results. The aim of this research was to identify the most stable reference gene(s) for the study of olanzapine modulated bone remodeling in rats. RNA was isolated from the maxillary alveolar and femoral bones of olanzapine or placebo-treated Wistar rats and transcribed to cDNA. The expression of 12 candidate reference genes was assessed by RT-qPCR. Their expressions were analysed using GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and delta Ct algorithms, and by the comprehensive ranking method. PPIA, HRPT1 and PGK1 were the most stably expres sed reference genes and the combination of the three genes was optimal for normalization. This study is the first to identify the optimal reference genes for research in olanzapine-exposed rats, which serve as a pivotal benchmark for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of future RT-qPCR expression in bone studies.
Association of Cartilage, Synovial Fluid and Membrane Pathological Findings in Serbian Mountain Horses Without Signs of Lameness
Authors: Marković Lazar , Radaković Milena , Radovanović Anita , Andrić Jelena Francuski , Đoković Stefan , Milošević Ivan , Kovačević Filipović Milica
Published: September 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) in horses often affects the metacarpal/metatarsophalangeal (MCP/MTP) joints and its detection in the early stages is crucial for effective management. I t was hypothesized that the extent of cartilage damage positively correlates with synovial membrane (SM) and synovial fluid (SF) pathological findings in the MCP/MTP joints of Serbian mountain horses that transported heavy loads but did not show signs of lameness. The study was conducted on 32 MCP/MTP joints of eight horses between seven to 12 years of age. Horse limbs were transferred from the abattoir to the necropsy room and SF was sampled. Its appearance, total nucleated cell count (TNCC), mononuclear cell count (MNC), total proteins (TP), and haptoglobin (Hp) were determined. Samples of SM were collected from the dorsal palmar/plantar pouch for histology. A macroscopic examination of gross condylar pathology of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone was performed with Indian Ink staining. Scoring was done based on Osteoarthritis Research Society International recommendations. SF was clear, pale yellow, and mostly fairly viscous. Half of the samples had TNCC above, and all had TP within the reference range. Hp values were below the reference range and were omitted from further analyses. TNCC correlated with MNC (ρs=0.81, P<0.001), microscopic (ρs=0.62, P=0.003) and macroscopic scores (ρs=0.47, P=0.008). In addition, MNC correlated with macroscopic scores (ρs=0.40, P=0.03). All pathological findings were mild and their correlation indicated that these processes are interrelated and that could be ascribed to early OA.
Development of a Simple and Rapid DNA Extraction Method for Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Sanioğlu Gölen Gökçenur , Akar Kadir
Published: September 2024

Aspergillus species are known to be very important in human and domestic animal health. Aspergillus species commonly cause severe systemic and skin infections, as well as allergic lung diseases. With the development of PCR techniques, these methods are used to identify and diagnose fungi. DNA extraction from Aspergillus species is difficult because the fungal cell wall structure is very durable and complex. Fungal DNA extraction methods containing proteinase K and liquid nitrogen are widely used to break down the cell wall. However, these methods cause DNA loss during the extraction in Aspergillus species. In this study, on the contrary, the commonly used DNA extraction by means of ammonium hydroxide, which is generally used to break down chitin in DNA extraction of ticks and plants, is used. The efficiency of the cell wall lysis method from A. flavus with ammonium hydroxide was compared with methods containing proteinase K and liquid nitrogen. For this purpose, DNA extraction of A. flavus was tried using three different methods. As a result, the cell wall of A. flavus was lysed using ammonium hydroxide in this study. The obtained DNA’s quality, concentration, and PCR performance were sufficient. This method has been evaluated as a faster, more straightforward, and more economical alternative.
Pathological and Parasitological Findings in Serbian Great Cormorants Infected by Contracoecum rudolphii Sensu Lato
Authors: Đurđević Biljana , Vučićević Ivana , Bogunović Danica , Pajić Marko , Pelić Miloš , Todorović Dalibor , Ćirković Miroslav
Published: September 2024

The carcasses of ten great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) found in one colony in the province of Vojvodina were necropsied and examined for parasites. The study aimed to identify helminths and histopathologically evaluate the associated tissue damage. Numerous nematodes were observed, either free in the the lumen of the ventriculus or deeply embedded in the ventricular mucosa of all the cormorants examined. The collected parasite samples were morphologically identified as Contracaecum rudolphii sensu lato. The main pathological findings included a thickening of the ventricular wall, while histopathology revealed a mild inflammatory infiltrate in the adjacent tissue and a connective tissue capsule around the parasite. Given that the parasites in this bird species still need to be thoroughly studied in our country, particularly the pathomorphological changes they cause, this study represents the first attempt to obtain a comprehensive understanding picture of the nematode infection and the pathological changes resulting from the presence of this parasite.
The unique preservation of Yves Saint Laurent’s birthplace: A singular cultural heritage in Oran
Authors: Behilil Amine , Mazouz Fatima
Published: September 2024

In 2020, the Affane Mohamed Foundation initiated the restoration of the Yves Saint Laurent house in Oran, Algeria, led by architect Youcef Fernane. The project aimed not only to restore the artist’s birthplace but also to showcase his first private theatre, sketches, drawing table, study, and personal bedroom. The house, built in 1925 in the Plateau Saint-Michel district (now Hai Sidi El Bachir), exemplifies neoclassical architecture with Art Deco influences. This project stands out as a unique initiative in Oran, where the preservation of public figures’ homes is rare, making it an exception in Algeria. The restoration, completed in 2022, has attracted significant attention, drawing visitors locally and internationally, particularly through social media, highlighting the cultural and historical value of the site. The research addresses visitor feedback, hypothesising variability in their testimonials, which serve as constructive criticism of this initial tourism initiative in Oran. The dual objectives are to illuminate the significance of the Yves Saint Laurent residence and to analyse visitor perceptions and attitudes towards this memorial site. Methodologically, the study is based on documentary research, including recent surveys and photographs from the Youcef Fernane design office and qualitative data from online questionnaires and visitor books. The results highlight the house’s importance as a cultural landmark but also reveal a lack of publicity, affecting its visibility. Conclusions suggest that the museum significantly enhances Oran’s cultural landscape, offering emotional and educational experiences. However, there is a need for better promotional efforts to increase its visibility and appeal to a broader audience, emphasising the importance of strategic marketing and visitor experience improvements for future projects.
Mathematical Analysis of Teaching Art and its Effect On Packaging Design Give Lessons
Authors: Guo Hu , Hao Chen , Xuan Li , Chelli Karim , Alzyoud Adel Ali Yassin
Published: September 2024

Aims: To let students know that packaging design teaching is both a science and an art like any other course, only when students understand this, can they teach and educate people once they are engaged in this profession. Methods: Observation, experiment, investigation, and other methods were used to carry out a relatively long time of teaching practice in the course of Packaging Design, and the teaching art was explored. Results: Practice shows that if students want to truly realize that teaching is both a science and an art, they must adhere to the purpose of instilling in teaching for a long time, and fully understand the history of teaching artistry, its characteristics, and its functions. Conclusion: Through the mathematical statistical analysis and research of teaching art practice and effect, we believe that any course is not a simple knowledge teaching, it is a process of educating people. We must cultivate the next generation to be well-rounded individuals, ensuring they are intellectually enriched and nurtured in moral values, physical health, aesthetic appreciation, and work skills. This holistic approach ensures that while they acquire knowledge, they are also exposed to and trained in the arts and practical skills. Only when people are well-trained can society be harmonious and beautiful. Therefore, the research on teaching art in packaging design has analyzed the three most important artistic effects of teaching blackboard art, language art, and teaching preparation art. Those with good teaching art effects account for 16-18%, those with medium teaching art effects account for 70-80%, and those with poor teaching art effects account for 10-16%.
Study on the influence of online course design on Students’ online learning satisfaction -- The moderating effect of MOOC platform quality
Authors: Hu Chuanshuang , Wei Hufei , Zhou Renjie , Ma Yongmei
Published: September 2024

The online education model has become an important form of integrated innovation and development of colleges and universities, and how to improve students’ online learning satisfaction through online course design has become a key indicator for evaluating online education. Based on 265 student sample survey data, this paper empirically studies the mechanism of influence of online course design on students’ online learning satisfaction and examines the mediating role of online interaction and the moderating effect of MOOC platform quality. The results show that: Online course design positively affects students’ online learning satisfaction; Online interaction plays a partial mediating role between online course design and online learning satisfaction; The quality of MOOC platform positively moderates the relationship between online course design and online interaction; On this basis, the article puts forward corresponding teaching suggestions, to provide theoretical basis for the development of online education.
Understanding the effectiveness of attachments in clear aligner therapy: navigating design, placement, material selection and biomechanics
Authors: Demir Gizem Boztaş
Published: September 2024

Background

Clear aligner treatments have gained popularity due to their aesthetic advantages over traditional metal brackets. Attachments play a crucial role in enhancing the efficacy of treatment by addressing challenges posed by the flexibility of aligner materials. This comprehensive review aims to clarify the significance of attachments used during clear aligner therapy and explore the nuances of their design, placement, and material selection.

Methods

A systematic search of literature databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane was conducted. Twelve sets of keywords related to clear aligner therapy and attachments were applied for the search.

Results

A total of 24 studies that met the inclusion criteria and focused on the biomechanics of attachments, attachment shape, attachment placement and materials used in attachment production were included in the analysis.

Conclusions

Within the limits of the review, the use of attachments in clear aligner therapy can enhance the efficacy of treatment by facilitating complex tooth movements. The selection of materials, as well as the design and positioning strategies of attachments, should be customised for each patient to optimise treatment success. By the use of clinical studies, future research should focus on the long-term performance of attachments to confirm their effectiveness in achieving planned tooth movements, particularly regarding design, positioning, and the materials used.
Evaluation of mechanical changes to clear aligners caused by exposure to different liquids
Authors: Sarı Tarık , Camcı Hasan , Aslantaş Kubilay
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical changes of clear aligners manufactured using either the direct method (Graphy Tc-85) or the indirect method (CA Pro or Invisalign) following an exposure to different liquids.

Material and Method

The clear aligners were produced using a single patient’s digital maxillary model. CA Pro aligners were produced indirectly using the Ministar S device, while Graphy Tc-85 resin aligners were produced directly using a three-dimensional printer (Ackuretta, Taipei, Taiwan). Invisalign appliances were produced by Align Technology, Inc. The appliances were randomly divided into seven groups: a control group and six experimental groups. The control group appliances were not immersed in any liquid. The appliances in the experimental groups were immersed in six different liquids (orange juice, soy sauce, cola, red wine, tea, and coffee) for 24 hr at 37°C. Following immersion, the upper right first molar section of each appliance was separated using an abrasive disc and embedded in a 2 mm thick acrylic layer. A cyclic loading test was conducted using a specialised mechanism (a combination of a dynamometer and a deformation depth measuring instrument) and each sample was subjected to varying cyclical forces until a deformation depth of 1 mm was reached. The force magnitude required to achieve the 1 mm material deformation at the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 50th cycles of loading was recorded for each sample.

Results

As a result of repeated loads, the indenting force values decreased in the three sample groups, regardless of the liquid in which the appliances had been stored. However, soy sauce and orange juice had a greater detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the aligners compared to the other liquids. On comparing the force values required for the material to reach a 1 mm depth during the 1st and 50th loadings, the decreases were recorded as 0.4% for Graphy Tc-85, 26.3% for CA Pro, and 42.1% for Invisalign.

Conclusions

Of the tested aligners, Graphy Tc-85 was the most resistant to repetitive loads, while Invisalign was the least resistant. It is inherently difficult to predict how different liquids will affect aligners made of different materials.
Heavy metal concentrations in fishes from Zakrzówek Reservoir and the Vistula River near Kraków: Human risk assessment
Authors: Łuszczek-Trojnar Ewa , Drąg-Kozak Ewa , Szczerbik Paweł , Klaczak Artur , Lelonek Anna , Duda Kinga , Adamska Patrycja
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to compare tissue concentrations of heavy metals (copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn)) in roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.)), chub (Squalius cephalus (L.)), and bleak (Alburnus alburnus (L.)) from two locations on the Vistula River upstream from Kraków and Zakrzówek Reservoir, a former limestone quarry flooded over 30 years ago that is located close to the center of Kraków. The findings showed that heavy metal concentrations in fishes from the Vistula River upstream from Kraków were higher compared to those in fishes from Zakrzówek Reservoir. The highest heavy metal concentrations were found in hard tissues, such as bone and scales, and the lowest was in muscle tissue. Metal pollution index (MPI), estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) analyses showed no significant non-carcinogenic risk to human health from the consumption of the muscle meat of the fishes analyzed. Cancer risk (CR) values, calculated based on maximum Ni concentrations in fish muscle tissue, did not exceed the upper limit of the acceptable cancer risk range. The findings show that the assessment of heavy metal contamination of fishes should be continued and extended to include other water bodies used for fishing and other xenobiotics that accumulate in fishes and may pose risks to human health.
Effect of feed and holding conditions on survival and growth of juvenile crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus and Faxonius limosus
Authors: Kropielnicka-Kruk Katarzyna , Ulikowski Dariusz , Wasilewska Agnieszka
Published: September 2024

In the European natural environment attempts are undertaken to replace invasive crayfish species with native ones. For this purpose, aquaculture of crayfish is required, but their behaviour and the lack of balanced feeds impede further development. To effectively eliminate invasive crayfish, more knowledge is needed, in context of their similarities and differences from native species. This study investigates two crayfish species, native Pontastacus leptodactylus and invasive Faxonius limosus in relation to different holding conditions and feeds. Juvenile crayfish were exposed to two types of holding conditions, inside (IN) in tap water and outside (OUT) in water with natural plankton content. In addition, three feeds were tested, sinking chips (F1), flakes (F2) and floating sticks (F3). The feeds composition was similar, but sinking times differed and were quick for F1 and slow for F2 and F3, which provided extended visual and chemical exposure to crayfish. The significant effect of holding conditions on survival was found for both species, with highest results for OUT holding conditions, suggesting important role of natural plankton in survival. Three feeds (F1, F2 and F3), showed no effect for P. leptodactylus but F2 and F3 improved growth in F. limosus, indicating more efficient utilisation of the detected feed.
Carbon reduction indicators and strategies: A cornerstone of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Balukja Ina
Published: September 2024

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an essential element for modern businesses, encompassing a range of ethical and sustainable practices that address social, economic, and environmental impacts. Among these, carbon reduction stands out as a critical focus due to the urgent global threat posed by climate change. This paper explores the fundamental role of carbon reduction within CSR by examining key indicators and strategies employed by companies to lower their carbon emissions. The indicators discussed include total greenhouse gas emissions, carbon intensity, renewable energy usage, energy efficiency, and waste reduction and recycling. Strategies such as improving energy efficiency, transitioning to renewable energy sources, carbon offsetting, enhancing supply chain sustainability, and adopting circular economy practices are analyzed for their effectiveness and implementation challenges. The benefits of carbon reduction, including improved public image, cost savings, regulatory compliance, investor attraction, and employee engagement, are highlighted. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges companies face in their carbon reduction efforts, such as high initial costs, technological limitations, supply chain complexity, lack of standardization, and regulatory uncertainty. Case studies of successful companies like IKEA, Google, Unilever, and Patagonia provide practical insights and best practices for effective carbon management. The role of stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, investors, and regulatory bodies, is emphasized in driving and supporting carbon reduction initiatives. Future trends in carbon reduction, such as advancements in technology, increased regulatory pressure, greater focus on the circular economy, enhanced stakeholder engagement, and the integration of sustainability into business strategies, are also explored. This paper concludes that carbon reduction is not only crucial for environmental protection but also brings significant business benefits, making it a fundamental aspect of corporate social responsibility and a critical component for achieving long-term sustainability and success.
Inheritance Law as interpreted by the Supreme Court in Albania
Authors: Sava Eleni
Published: September 2024

In Albanian civil law, inheritance is established as a cornerstone institution within the legal framework. It arises upon the death of an individual and is categorized in two forms: legal inheritance and testamentary inheritance.

This legal concept encompasses all state-issued norms that regulate property relations arising from an individual’s death and governs the transfer of assets from the
de-cuius
(the testator) to their heirs. This process confers civil rights and obligations upon the inheritors.

Within civil law, inheritance pertains to property relations that commence posthumously, defined as “the lawful or testamentary transfer of the deceased’s property to one or more individuals in accordance with the provisions of the legal code.”

The legal relationship of inheritance in Albania is contingent upon the death of the testator, marking a pivotal legal fact. This relationship is characterized by its dual nature: it encompasses both property and familial dimensions. The property aspect becomes manifest at the moment of the testator’s death, as their rights and real property are transferred to their heirs. Meanwhile, the familial dimension pertains to specific qualities required of heirs, such as blood relations, adoption, or marital status.

A will has legal effect only at the moment of the testator’s death, when the inherited property automatically transfers to the heirs by operation of law. The death of the specified individual is essential for initiating these legal effects.
Predictor of willingness to pay for early warning climate system and agronomy advisories services in Albania: A case study of medicinal plant in “Malesi e Madhe”
Authors: Gjermeni Irida
Published: September 2024

Access to useful climate information is critical for adaptation needs of Albanian smallholder farmers, yet empirical studies documenting the socioeconomic, environmental and household predictors of access to and willingness to pay for climate information services have been limited to date. This paper addresses the need by identifying the predictors of access to and willingness to pay for climate information by smallholder farmers in the northern area of Albania, a “dangerous hotspot” where slight changes in rainfall and temperature often result in considerable yield losses. The study uses data collected from 201 household surveys in 5 communities across 29 districts in the “Malesia e Madhe” region of Albania using a simple random sampling method. Sampling was conducted in end 2023 and start of 2024 and participants were interviewed face to face by questionnaires following a contingent valuation method for collecting data for willingness to pay for early warning climate system. The EFA analysis was performed on farmer’s awareness to climate changes and their impact on quality and productivity. Our findings suggest that the majority of smallholders are aware of duration of drought (95%), increase of number of hot days (88.1%) and presence of weeds (59.7%). From the findings, farmers perceive that climate changes have affected the quality of medicinal plants in the last 5 years, by increasing the number of hot days (96%), number of rainy days (93.5%) and duration of drought (86.6%), also farmers perceive that climate change has impacted the yield level by duration of drought (87.1%), increase of hot nights (78.1%) and number of rainy days (76.1%). The findings suggest that the majority of smallholder farmers were not willing to pay for the cost of receiving climate information delivered via SMS. The results from the marginal analysis suggest that access to climate information is influenced by farm topology factors. The marginal effects logistic regression shows statistically significant effect in household predictors such as farmer’s size and income. Results suggest that the provision of climate information should be defined and adopted to meet the needs of smallholder farmers with different socioeconomic backgrounds to enable farmers manage climate risks and build reasonable adaptive capacity.
Health awareness and lifestyle toward healthcare-seeking behavior among students in Universitas Advent Indonesia
Authors: Salim Alvin , Sianturi Natasha Ulima , Suryani Evi Martha , Elon Yunus
Published: September 2024

Objective

Healthcare-seeking behavior (HSB) would affect the prevalence of morbidity and mortality. There are various factors that affect one’s HSB. This study aimed to determine if health awareness and lifestyle might relate to HSB.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was applied by using three questionnaires to determine participants’ health awareness, lifestyle, and HSB. This study took place in Universitas Advent Indonesia and the students were recruited to be participants.

Results

There were 39 participants joined in this study. Most of the participants were females, third-year students, and from Accounting major. Almost all participants were aware of their low risk of health issues, had a fine lifestyle, and had moderate HSB.

Conclusions

One’s urge to seek health care facilities was not related to their health awareness and lifestyle. There was no further study to contradict with this finding at this moment.
Advancing Artistic Swimming Officiating and Performance Assessment: A Computer Vision Study Using MediaPipe
Authors: Edriss Saeid , Caprioli Lucio , Campoli Francesca , Manzi Vincenzo , Padua Elvira , Bonaiuto Vincenzo , Romagnoli Cristian , Annino Giuseppe
Published: September 2024

Artistic Swimming (AS) requires complete execution and synchronization of movements for performance evaluation. The interest in objective and subjective performance analysis worldwide in sports via valid and reliable Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools is spreading depending on the required analysis parameters to design a novel system. This study investigated a novel application of the MediaPipe-based computer vision tool validation by examining biomechanical aspects and the objective performance impact in ballet leg and barracuda AS techniques. Twenty experienced AS athletes participated and executed these techniques under controlled conditions. Thirty-six recorded video trials were captured and analyzed via computer vision using MediaPipe, Kinovea, and AutoCAD (gold standard), with correlations calculated to assess the reliability of measurements and tools. The results indicated a non-significant difference (p<0.05) among the software tools, supported by one-way ANOVA and Bland-Altman tests. Notably, in ballet leg technique, maintaining alignment between the upper body trunk and knee in a line had a small correlation with other leg deviations; however, this aspect had a moderate negative correlation in scoring. Overall, this study suggests MediaPipe efficiency in computer vision for AS officiating and performance analysis, offering a reliable, real-time alternative to traditional methods and providing perceptions of AS techniques.
Radicals with Diplomatic Semantics in the Ancient Chinese Dictionary Shuo Wen Jie Zi: Verification of Etymology
Authors: Khamaeva E. A.
Published: September 2024

There are several signs that contain “diplomatic” semantics among the 540 most ancient radicals of Chinese writing, presented in the Shuo Wen Jie Zi dictionary (1st century AD, Han era). Before the dictionary was created, Chinese writing had already existed for several thousand years. Therefore, some researchers (Zou Xiaoli, 2007; Oshanin, 1943) consider that the etymologies of the radicals in Shuo Wen were formulated under the influence of the later eras and are often erroneous. Attempts are made to verify the etymologies of these signs with “diplomatic” semantics by comparing them with the more ancient forms jiaguwen and jinwen, discovered and scientifically described only in the 20th century. Such a comparison and interpretation will reveal the probable correct etymologies of the analysed radicals of the Shuo Wen dictionary and verify them. In addition, the study will shed light on the beginning of diplomacy in ancient China. The article also touches upon the problem of etymological analysis in a language with an ideographic type of writing, which is carried out not at the level of morphology, as in European languages, but at the level of hieroglyphic sign graphics. The problem of semantics and etymology of radicals was considered mainly by Chinese scientists (Zou Xiaoli, 2007; Wang Fengyang, 2011, etc.), while in European linguistics, the problem was studied only fragmentarily (Kondrashevsky, 1982; Karasyova, 2019; Dictionary of Etymologies, 2019). The radicals “with diplomatic” semantics analysed in this article have not been subjected to special study. The purpose of the present article is to verify the etymology of a number of radicals that contain “diplomatic” semantics in the ancient Chinese dictionary Shuo Wen Jie Zi; consider information about the dictionary, its basic radicals and their semantics; briefly describe the features of etymological analysis in general, and in the Chinese language in particular; and compare the definitions of these radicals in various etymological dictionaries, thus verifying the etymologies presented in the Shuo Wen Jie Zi dictionary.