bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructured Iron Antidots on Porous Anodic Alumina
Authors: Wang Sen , Yu Guo Jun , Gong Jin Long , Zhu De Zhang , Zhu Zhi Yuan
Published: March 2009

A highly uniform Fe antidot array with a density up to 1.2×1010/cm2 was fabricated by RF
magnetron sputtering deposition of Fe film on porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) images show the deposited Fe film was well patterned by AAO template
with antidots arranged in a hexagonal manner. Further investigation by transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) reveals that the deposited Fe film has polycrystalline microstructure with random
orientation. The patterned Fe film with antidots exhibits peculiar magnetic reversal features in both
the increasing of coercive field (Hc) and the decreasing of remanent magnetization in comparison with
the continuous Fe film of the same thickness on glass substrate. A dramatically large out of plane Hc
of 280Oe which might be caused by the cylindrical Fe structures formed in AAO channels was
observed.
Micro-Flow-Cytometer Integrated witch Optical Tweezer and DIP Technique for Cell/Particle Sorting and Manipulation
Authors: Chien Yu Sheng , Lin Che Hsin , Kao Fu Jen , Ko Cheng Wen
Published: March 2009

This paper proposes a novel microfluidic system for cell/microparticle recognition and
manipulation utilizing digital image processing technique (DIP) and optical tweezer under
microfluidic configuration. Digital image processing technique is used to count and recognize the
cell/particle samples and then sends a control signal to generate a laser pulse to manipulate the target
cell/particle optically. The optical tweezer system is capable of catching, moving and switching the
target cells at the downstream of the microchannel. The trapping force of the optical tweezer is also
demonstrated utilizing Stocks-drag method and electroosmotic flow. The proposed system provides a
simple but high-performance solution for microparticle manipulation in a microfluidic device.
The Calculation of the Evanescent Wave and the Coupling Coefficient of the Whispering-Gallery-Mode Disk Microcavity
Authors: Wang Xiao Qin , Zhou Qing , Zeng Jun Ying , Pu Xiao Yun , Zhu Xing
Published: March 2009

Ultrahigh-Quality microcavity with whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) is a new kind of
resonator with high quality. The evanescent wave of WGM plays an important role in surface
enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this paper we study the relationship between coupling
coefficient and evanescent wave of the WGM and the coupling character difference between the
microsphere and the microstadium. Based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), we
calculate the coupling coefficient of different substances (water, C2H5OH, CHCL3, olive oil, C6H6
and CS2) with different dielectric constant and the mode volume ratio of the evanescent wave in
microsphere and microstadium of the above substances in near field. The results show that (1) the
mode volume ratio of evanescent wave will decrease with the increasing of the coupling coefficient;
(2) the microstadium has a higher coupling coefficient than the sphere one.
Damage Detection during Fatigue Loading of CNF Doped CFRPs via Resistance Measurements and AE
Authors: Kostopoulos Vassilis , Tsotra P. , Vavouliotis A. , Karapappas P. , Tsantzalis S. , Loutas Theodoros
Published: March 2009

Vapor growth carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were used as dopants for the epoxy resin (EP)
matrix of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs). The doped laminates were
compared to the reference one (with neat EP as matrix) with regard to their fracture toughness, and
mechanical quasi-static and fatigue behaviour. Electrical resistance monitoring of the samples was
used as a tool for sensing the damage propagation during the various loading configurations.
Correlation between these results and acoustic emission (AE) data was also attempted.
Non-Twisted and Twisted CNT Bundles under Axial Tensile and Compressive Loads
Authors: Liew K.M. , Wong C.H. , Tan Ming Jen , Chuang P.D.
Published: March 2009

Compressive and tensile properties of non-twisted and twisted carbon nanotube (CNT)
bundles are studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results reveal that non-twisted
CNT bundles exhibit better compressive and tensile properties than twisted CNT bundles. When the
twist angle of a CNT bundle is greater than 60°, its buckling load dropped considerably due to the
significant curve geometries of the surrounding single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Twisted
CNT bundles also do not demonstrate good tensile properties. During tensile loading, the intertube
distance in CNT bundle with twisting angle greater than 75° will decrease as the strain increases. This
gives rise to increasing intertube van der Waals forces until the intertube distance falls below 2.0Å. At
this time, the repulsive force between the SWCNTs suddenly increases causing the SWCNTs to repel
one another at junction areas where they overlap. As a result, twisted CNT bundles tend to fail at these
junction areas with lower failure load and strain.
Reactive Compatibilization in Nano-Silica Filled Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Friedrich Klaus , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu
Published: March 2009

Nano-sized silica was pre-grafted with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) by solution
free-radical polymerization. When these grafted silica particles were melt compounded with
polypropylene (PP), reactive compatibilization effect was perceived due to the chemical bonding
between the PGMA and amine functionalized PP, which led to a significant increase of tensile
strength and notch impact strength of PP at rather low filler content. Accordingly, compatibility of
each kind of the functionalized PP with grafted SiO2 was evaluated through investigating the
mechanical properties, crystallization behavior and rheological performance of the composites. The
results show that the reactive compatibilization is capable of providing stronger interfacial adhesion.
Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by Combustion of Ethyl Alcohol
Authors: Cheng Jin , Zou Xiao Ping , Wang Li Kun
Published: March 2009

Many preparations of carbon nanotubes have been developed in the last decade, such as arc
discharge, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, simple thermal chemical vapor deposition by
pyrolysis of ethyl alcohol, etc. Here we present a simple growth technique of carbon nanotubes by
combustion of ethyl alcohol. Pt filament can be employed as substrate, ethyl alcohol as carbon source,
and iron nitrate as catalyst precursor. We have characterized the morphology of carbon nanotubes at
the different synthesis conditions by both SEM and TEM. In our experiment, we also use other metal
as substrate, such as Cu, top of pin, and other catalyst precursor of different concentration, such as
nickel nitrate. This technique has some advantages, such as low cost, large production, and flexible
reaction conditions, etc. We can use this technique to synthesize carbon nanotubes on metal substrate
directly. So this technique has protential applications for fabricating nano-electrical devices.
Influences of Ball-Milled Time on Properties and Microstructure of Ultrafine WC-10Co Cemented Carbide
Authors: Shi Xiao Liang , Shao Gang Qin , Duan Xing Long
Published: March 2009

WC-10Co nanocomposite powders prepared by spray pyrogenation-continuous reduction
and carburization technology were consolidated by vacuum sintering plus hot isostatic pressing
(HIP). Influences of ball-milled time on properties and microstructure of ultrafine WC-10Co
cemented carbide were investigated. The results show that ultrafine WC-10Co cemented carbides
can reach 99.79% relative density, and transverse rupture strength is more than 3750MPa, Rockwell
A hardness is more than 92.6, the average grain size is less than 440 nm, when ball-milled time is
48 hours, ultrafine WC-10Co cemented carbide with excellent properties and fine microstructure is
obtained. The optimum ball-milling time is 48 hours.
Single-Crystal Iron Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Sun Yue Ling , Dai Ying , Zhou L.Q. , Chen Wen
Published: March 2009

Highly ordered single-crystal iron nanowire arrays with different diameters have been
fabricated in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates by DC electrodeposition method. The
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) show that the
iron nanowires are highly uniform and exhibit a single crystal structure. The X-ray diffraction
(XRD) patterns of iron nanowire arrays indicate that most of the iron nanowire arrays have the
obvious preferred orientation along the [200] direction. From the hysteresis loops of the iron
nanowires, it reveals that the easy magnetization axes of nanowire arrays are along the long axis.
The sample with smaller diameter (d=35nm) has a high square ratio (up to 98%) and a high
coercive filed (1265Oe) when the external magnetic field is applied along axis of the nanowires.
When the diameter decreases, the square ratio and the coercive field increase due to the
single-domain structure and the strong shape anisotropy in the smaller diameter nanowire arrays.
Preparation and Characterization of Polyaniline/Au Composite Microwires and Microspheres
Authors: Lu Xiao Feng , Chen J.Y. , Chao Dan Ming , Zhang Wan Jin
Published: March 2009

Polyaniline(PANI) microwires and microspheres containing Au nanoparticles were
prepared using different organic acid as dopant by an in-situ polymerization method. When L-CSA
was used to synthesize PANI/Au composite, microwires were obtained. While by introducing
hydrogen bonding and/or electrostatic interactions between mercaptocarboxylic acid capped Au
nanoparticles and aniline molecules, microspheres were synthesized. SEM and TEM indicated that
the diameter of the microwires was about 200 nm and the diameter of the microspheres was between
1 μm and 3 μm. FTIR and XRD characterized the structure of the PANI/Au composite microwires and
microspheres.
Preparation and Characterization of Integral Hollow Microspheres of Nickel Hydroxide and Nickel Oxide
Authors: Wu Xiao Feng , Chen Yun Fa , Li Qun Yan , Wei L.Q.
Published: March 2009

Hollow microspheres of nickel hydroxide and nickel oxide were prepared with
as-synthesized PS/Ni(OH)2 composite particles by sacrificing core method, respectively. The
composite particles were synthesized by deposition of the Ni(OH)2 nanoflakelets formed by the
hydrolysis of nickel nitrate onto the surfaces of polystyrene (PS) particles. The effects of different
concentrations of nickel salt and urea on the deposition of the nanoflakelets of nickel hydroxide
were studied. It was found that the uniform nanoflakelets were deposited on the polystyrene
particles under the conditions of the 4╳10-3 M nickel salt and 0.667M urea. Compared with the
directly calcinating of composite particles, Integral hollow microspheres of nickel hydroxide were
attained by removal of cores of polystyrene in composite particles with toluene and NiO hollow
microspheres by calcinating of these Ni(OH)2 hollow spheres in oven at 600°C for 2h.
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Co-Doped with Fe3+ and Nd3+ Ions for Photocatalysis
Authors: Luan Yong , Fu Ping Feng , Dai Xue Gang
Published: March 2009

Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide co-doped with Fe3+ and Nd3+ were prepared using the
sol-gel method. The prepared TiO2 photocatalyst was characterized with XRD, FTIR and the
photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photodegradation of MB aqueous solution. Nanocrystalline
TiO2 co-doped with Nd3+ and Fe3+ at optimal concents shows a synergistic effect, which significantly
increases the photodegradation activity of TiO2.
Preparation and Characterization of Cu-SiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Young Hwan , Jo Beong Gi , Jeong Jee Hean , Kang Young Soo
Published: March 2009

A room temperature route for doping silica particles with Cu nanoparticles to achieve
hybrid structures is introduced. First, silica nanoparticles were synthesized according to the
well-known Stöber method by hydrolysis and condensation of TEOS in a mixture of ethanol with
water, using ammonia as catalyst to initiate the reaction. These SiO2 nanoaprticles were dried at 100
oC. We measured the size of these nanoparticles with transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Second, Cu-SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by reaction with CuCl2 and SiO2 nanoparticles in
presence of catalyst at room temperature for 12 hrs. Results show silica nanoparticles of about 70 nm
size with regularly deposited Cu nanoparticles. Cu-SiO2 nanoparticles were investigated with TEM
images, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) spectrum and so on.
Facile Synthesis of Cu2O Nanocubes in Triblock Copolymer Solutions
Authors: Jiang Jin Hua , Gao Qiu Ming
Published: March 2009

Cuprous oxide and related materials in nanosizes are of much interest and investigated
extensively recently. It is reported here that cubic Cu2O nanocubes were synthesized successfully in
aqueous solutions at room temperature in air condition. Copper (II) salts in water were reduced with
ascorbate acid in air, using the nonionic pluronic amphiphilic triblock copolymer EO20PO70EO20
(P123) as the template-directing and protecting agent. The average edge length of the cubes varied
from 50 to 100 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used for the shape and
structural characterization of the obtained Cu2O nanocubes. The UV-Vis spectra showed an obvious
blue-shift (0.53 eV), compared to the band gap of the bulk Cu2O crystal, which makes it a
promising candidate in solar energy conversion since this sample can make use of higher energy
visible rays of solar spectrum. In the FT-IR spectra the peak of Cu-O bond for the Cu2O is clearly
distinguished and several weak peaks of the C-H, C-C and C=O bonds for the organic species can
also be detectable, implying a little P123 residua in the products. The effect of the triblock
copolymer P123 on the growth of the Cu2O nanocubes is discussed.
Study of the Electrical and Tribologic Properties of CNTs-HDPE Composites
Authors: Liu F. , Zhang X.B. , Cheng J.P. , Li Y. , Tao X.Y. , Li W.C. , Luo Z.Q. , Zhou S.M. , Sheng L. , Jäger Wolfgang
Published: March 2009

CNTs-HDPE composites were prepared by the blend method. SEM was used to
investigate the microstructure of the composites. The electrical and tribologic properties of the
composites were studied respectively. The experiments showed that the percolation threshold of
composites is about 3wt%, which is much lower than that of the carbon black-HDPE composites,
and that the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity of composites had the PTC and double
NTC characters, being also different from the carbon black-HDPE composites. These results are
due to the unique structure and characters of CNTs. The frictional experiments demonstrated that
the addition of CNTs would enhance the wear resistance of the composites.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ga2O3 Nanowires
Authors: Cai Ke Feng , Yan C. , He X.R. , Zhang A.X.
Published: March 2009

Ga2O3 nanowires were prepared by vapor-solid process in atmosphere, using commercial
Ga ingot and Ga2O3 powder or Al2O3 powder as the starting materials. The influence of preparation
conditions such as temperature and starting material on the products was studied. The composition
and morphology of the products were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDX, TEM, and HRTEM. The
formation mechanism of the products was proposed.
Catalytic Studies on the Mixed Ceria-Zirconia Doped La3+, Pr3+ or Mn4+
Authors: Wen Ming Fen , Yang D. , Chen Jian , Song Ch.L. , Gu Yong Wan
Published: March 2009

A number of experiments were carried out with different Ce-Zr oxides doped
La3+、Pr3+ or Mn4+ in order to improve their performance as a promoter for three way
catalyst(TWC). The XRD results showed that the thermal stability of Ce-Zr oxide doped
lanthanum or praseodymium was improved, especially at high temperature. H2-TPR test
detected the low –temperature redox behavior of Ce-Zr oxide was promoted strongly
attributed to the MnO2, with calcined temperature increasing, the reduction peaks were
moved to high temperature for Ce-Zr oxide doped La3+ and Pr3+. The catalytic activity of
Ce-Zr oxide doped Mn4+ was also enhanced, the light-off temperature was lower 10K than
Ce-Zr oxide; the conversions of CO and THC were higher 3-4% than Ce-Zr oxide.
Laser Induced Surface Nanostructuring on Ultra-Thin Amorphous Si Films
Authors: Li X. , Cen Z. , Xu J. , Huang X. , Chen Kai
Published: March 2009

A new approach to obtain Si nanostructures on insulating layer is proposed by laser irradiation on
ultra-thin hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films with subsequently thermal annealing. It
was found that the surface nanostructuring was occurred when the laser fluence exceeded the
threshold value as revealed by AFM images. The size and area density of formed Si nanostructures
were depended on the laser fluence and film thickness while thermal annealing played an important
role in the size and its distribution. The results showed that a high density (>1011cm-2) Si
nanostructures with average lateral size of 10-20nm can be achieved by the present technology.
CVD Grown Zinc Based Nanostructures on Zinc Selenide Microscale Grains
Authors: Choy W.C.H. , Guo C.F. , Pang K.H. , Leung Y.P.
Published: March 2009

With a suitable growth condition using CVD method, single crystal ZnO nanorods grow on
the well-defined bounded facets of the random shape ZnSe grains using Zn and Se powders without
any metal catalyst. To our best knowledge, there is no report in growing ZnO nanostructures on
in-situ synthesized ZnSe. The growth direction of ZnSe nanorods on a facet of a ZnSe grain is quiet
uniform. The growth mechanism of the nanostructure will be discussed. Meanwhile, the
photoluminescence of the nanostructures will be investigated.
The Investigation of the Self-Assembly of Crossed Multi-Shell Gold Nanowires
Authors: Lin Jenn Sen , Ju Shin Pon , Weng M.H. , Lee Wen Jay
Published: March 2009

In this study, the molecular dynamics is employed to simulate the selfassembly
of crossed gold nanowires at various temperatures. The nanowires with a
multi-shell helical (HMS) structure are different from those of the bulk FCC structure.
This work compares the morphology of crossed HMS nanowires with 7-1 structure
after self-assembly and investigates the atom motion trajectory on the joint. The
structure transform are observed from helical structure to FCC structure by angular
correlation function (ACF). The results can be suggested for a nano-scale circuit
design.
Aggregates Formed by Poly(Ethylene Oxide)-b-Poly(1H, 1H-Perfluorooctyl Methacrylate) Diblock Copolymers in Solutions
Authors: Lee Min Young , Park Chan , Hong Seong Soo , Gal Yeong Soon , Lim Kwon Taek
Published: March 2009

Well-defined block copolymers consisting of a hydrophilic poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)
and lipophobic poly (1H,1H-perfluorooctyl methacrylate) (PFOMA) were synthesized with
controlled molecular weight via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The block copolymers
formed stable micelles where PEO is the shell and PFOMA is the core in chloroform. The micellar
morphology of PEO5K-b-PFOMA5K was found to be spherical with average diameter of ca. 12 nm,
while meandering cylindrical with average diameter of ca. 13 nm was observed for
PEO5K-b-PFOMA13K by TEM analysis. The self-assembled structures were reorganized to
thermodynamically stable morphologies upon annealing above glass transition temperature (Tg). For
example, spherical shape of PEO5K-b-PFOMA5K and cylindrical domain of PFOMA block in
PEO5K-b-PFOMA5K became ordered cylindrical and continuous phase, respectively.
Synthesis of Locally-Ordered Carbon Nanotube Arrays from Patterned Catalyst by Self-Assembly Technique
Authors: Zou Xiao Ping , Abe H. , Shimizu Toru , Ando A. , Tokumoto H. , Zhu S.M. , Zhou Hao Shen
Published: March 2009

Site-selective growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) from an iron oxide
nanoparticle catalyst patterned by drying-mediated self-assembly technique is present. The ethanol
solution of the iron nitrate was employed as catalyst precursor. The catalyst precursor was mounted on
silicon wafer by dip-coating. After evaporation of solvent at room temperature, the catalyst pattern
formed. The catalyst pattern was employed to synthesize carbon nanotube pattern by chemical vapor
deposition of ethanol vapor after oxidation of iron nitrate. The patterned array of MWCNTs was
obtained with a dot size of around 5 'm and the distance of about 25 'm. The present method offers a
simple and cost-effective method to grow carbon nanotubes with self-assembled patterns.
Vertical Nanowire Field Effect Transistor in the Flexible Polymer Foils Based on Ion Tracks
Authors: Chen J. , Könenkamp R. , Klaumünzer S. , Lux-Steiner M.Ch.
Published: March 2009

Fabrication of flexible device structures and nanoscale size definition are presently among the most
important and ambitious development goals in the IT field. We have recently prepared the vertical
nanowire field effect transistor in the flexible polymer foils based on ion tracks. The high-energetic fast
heavy ions were used to irradiate the 8μm PET foils and then the chemical etching method were
employed to prepare cylindrical channels in these PET foils. These channels were subsequently filled
with insulator material and semiconductor, and then provided with suitable metallic contacts, to obtain
a vertical field-effect transistor device. Preparation and first electronic results on this new device are
reported. Typically over 107 transistors per cm2 with the devices’ diameter of ~100 nm can be obtained
in this technique. The fabrication does not require lithography on the scale of a single transistor, and is
suitable for large-area and flexible applications.
Ambipolar Transport Behaviors in Fullerene Peapod Transistors
Authors: Guo Ao , Fu Yun Yi , Guan Lun Hui , Shi Zu Jin , Gu Zhen Nan , Huang Ru , Zhang Xing
Published: March 2009

The electrical transport properties of C70 and C60 fullerene peapods are investigated. We report the
fabrications and performances of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on C70 and C60 fullerene
peapods. A large percentage of the fullerene peapod-FETs we fabricated exhibit ambipolar
characteristics with high Ion/Ioff ratio at room temperature in air. The origin of ambipolar behavior is
qualitatively discussed.
The Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy in the Characterization of Quantum Dots
Authors: Hutagalung S.D. , Yaacob K.A. , Yeoh Cheow Keat
Published: March 2009

Ballistic electron emission microscopy (BEEM) is a new method by apply the spatial
resolution capabilities of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to investigate electron transport
properties in the quantum dots. This method requires three terminals: a sharp tip to inject electrons, a
conductive layer and a semiconductor substrate. The transport-related properties of the sample can be
obtained by using the characteristic of the injected and collected electrons. In this paper proposed a
BEEM model for the silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) on SiO2 layer prepared by LPCVD technique.
SiO2 layer was thermally grown on p-type Si (100) wafer in dry O2 atmosphere and a thin gold layer
cap used to provide a conductive layer on top of the Si-QDs for the BEEM characterization.
Self-Assembled GaAs Quantum Rings by MBE Droplet Epitaxy
Authors: Huang She Song , Niu Zhi Chuan , Xia Jian Bai
Published: March 2009

Fabrication of semiconductor nanostructures such as quantum dots
(QDs), quantum rings (QRs) has been considered as the important step for realization
of solid state quantum information devices, including QDs single photon emission
source, QRs single electron memory unit, etc. To fabricate GaAs quantum rings, we
use Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) droplet technique in this report. In this droplet
technique, Gallium (Ga) molecular beams are supplied initially without Arsenic (As)
ambience, forming droplet-like nano-clusters of Ga atoms on the substrate, then the
Arsenic beams are supplied to crystallize the Ga droplets into GaAs crystals. Because
the morphologies and dimensions of the GaAs crystal are governed by the interplay
between the surface migration of Ga and As adatoms and their crystallization, the
shape of the GaAs crystals can be modified into rings, and the size and density can be
controlled by varying the growth temperatures and As/Ga flux beam equivalent
pressures(BEPs). It has been shown by Atomic force microscope (AFM)
measurements that GaAs single rings, concentric double rings and coupled double
rings are grown successfully at typical growth temperatures of 200°C to 300°C under
As flux (BEP) of about 1.0×10-6 Torr. The diameter of GaAs rings is about 30-50 nm
and thickness several nm.
Preparation and Characterization of Bulk and Supported NiB Amorphous Alloy Catalysts with Different Particle Sizes
Authors: Wang Lai Jun , Li Wei , Zhang M.H. , Tao K.Y.
Published: March 2009

A series of bulk and supported NiB amorphous alloy catalysts with different
particle sizes were prepared by different chemical reduction methods. By adding a certain
volume of NH3 to the reaction system and adjusting the reaction temperature, respectively, the
velocity of the reaction between Ni2+ and BH4
- could be controlled and the NiB alloys with
particle sizes ranging from 10 to 400nm were obtained. A novel method to prepare the
supported NiB catalyst, the powder electroless plating method was also studied. The bulk and
supported NiB catalysts were characterized by XRD, ICP and TEM. Hydrogenation of
sulfolene was selected as the probe reaction to investigate their catalytic performance. The
results revealed that the NiB/MgO prepared by Ag inducing electroless plating showed much
higher catalytic activity than Raney Ni catalyst, and the powder electroless plating was a
promising method to prepare the supported NiB amorphous alloy catalysts.
Nano-Imprint Lithography of 100nm Sized Patterns Using Water Soluble PVA, Poly(Vinyl Alcohol), Template
Authors: Lee Heon , Yang Ki Yeon , Hong Sung Hoon , Schaper C.D. , Jung Gun Young
Published: March 2009

Flexible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) templates with nano-sized patterns
were fabricated by spin coating of PVA resin on silicon master wafer. Since PVA
template has enough UV transparency, mechanical strength and thermal durability, it
can be used as the template for UV-based and thermal nanoimprint lithography. The
replicated patterns on the PVA template were transferred faithfully to the imprinted
resin by imprinting lithography. As PVA template was dissolved in water, it was not
necessary to deposit a releasing layer on the PVA template surface.
Fabrication of 100nm Sized Patterns on a Non-Planar Substrate by Using Nanoimprinting Lithography
Authors: Lee Heon , Huh Joo Youl , Yang Ki Yeon , Hong Sung Hoon , Jung Gun Young
Published: March 2009

A faithful pattern transferring onto a non-planar substrate was
demonstrated by nano-imprinting technique. Uniform pressing of a flexible template
onto a substrate was important for the faithful pattern transferring. Both the UV-based
and thermal imprinting techniques were used to transfer patterns of 200nm sized
features to the non-planar substrates such as outer wall of rod and inner surface of
cylinder and it could be used for nano-devices such as lab on a chip.
Realization of Silicon Nitride Template for Nanoimprint: A First Result
Authors: Liu Ze Wen , Zhang Tian Ruo , Liu Li Tian , Li Zhi Jian
Published: March 2009

A first result of realization of silicon nitride templates on 100mm silicon wafer as
nanoinprint mold using simple wet etching method is reported in this paper. The process is based
on traditional photolithograph and following buffer HF wet etching, which started from a p-type
wafer with 400nm thermal silicon oxide, 200nm PECVD silicon nitride and 400nm PECVD
silicon oxide sandwich layer. After patterning with lithography, the patterned resist is used as
mask for the isotropic underlayer wet etching of silicon dioxide with buffer HF solution. Using
the obtained nanosacle silicon dioxide lines as RIE dry etching mask, silicon nitride template of
100nm width with steep sidewalls is successfully realized.
Fabrication and Characterization of Biodegradable Nanospheres Containing Curcumin
Authors: Zhang Sheng Min , Cao Rui Rui , Liu Jian , Liu L. , Lu P. , Zhou W. , Cheng L. , Chen P.P. , Luo Q.M.
Published: March 2009

Crucumin (diferuloylmethane) is a major active component of turmeric, but its
bioavailability of oral administration is very low. In order to improve its pharmaceutical
efficiency in oral use, poly (d,l-lactide) (PDLLA) nanospheres containing curcumin are
successfully fabricated using a modified spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion (SESD)
method. The morphology, size and distribution of the resulting nanospheres are characterized
by TEM and laser light scattering method. Drug contents in the nanospheres are calculated
through UV spectrophotometer method. As a result, regular spherical PDLLA nanospheres
containing curcumin are obtained and their effective diameters are 289 nm with narrow
distribution (Pd=0.118)
Magnetic Nanostructures Fabricated by Electrochemical Synthesis
Authors: Keshoju K. , Gu X. , Kumar A.T. , Sun L.
Published: March 2009

Electrochemical processing is a cost effective and low-temperature approach suitable for
the fabrication of certain unique nanostructures that are difficult to obtain by other methods. Here we
report on the synthesis of nanowires and nanoporous structures with the intention to control the
magnetic properties of conventional materials. Nanowires with variable sizes (diameter 15 nm -
microns, and length up to 100 microns) have been fabricated by template assisted electrodeposition.
Utilizing a combined alloy electrodeposition and electrochemical dealloying approach, porous
nanostructures with controlled pore size and porosity have also been synthesized. Magnetization,
Curie temperature, coercivity, saturation field, and remnant magnetization of these magnetic
nanostructures exhibit much wider tunibility compared to bulk and thin film samples.
Synchrotron SAXS, XRD and FTIR Characterization of Nanostructured PVA/TEOS Hybrid Cross-Linked with Glutaraldehyde
Authors: Mansur Herman S. , Mansur Alexandra A.P.
Published: March 2009

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a unique synthetic biocompatible polymer and it has a large
number of hydroxyl groups that can react with many kinds of functional groups. In the present work,
nanostructured PVA/TEOS hybrids were characterized by Small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)
associated with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)
techniques. We have synthesized hybrids based on the reaction of PVA with tetraethoxysilane
(TEOS). PVA/TEOS hybrids were also modified in the nanometer-scale by crosslinking with
glutaraldehyde (GA) during the synthesis involving hydrolysis and condensation of PVA/TEOS
network. FTIR spectra showed major vibration bands associated with organic-inorganic chemical
groups present in the hybrid composite PVA/TEOS. XRD coupled to FTIR results have indicated the
presence of semi-crystalline domains embedded in amorphous PVA matrix. SAXS results were
presented as plots with experimental scattering intensity, I(q), as a function of the modulus of the
scattering vector, q. SAXS curves showed quite different trend on vector q with the scattering
intensity I(q) corresponding to samples PVA, PVA/GA and PVA/TEOS/GA. Pure PVA sample
showed a “knee” type curve, with maximum value q=0.04 Å-1. These results have indicated different
nano-ordered disperse phases for PVA, PVA/TEOS hybrid and PVA/TEOS/GA chemically
crosslinked hybrid.
QCM and FT-IR Study of Phospholipid Bilayers Obtained by Langmuir-Blodgett Method
Authors: Mansur Herman S. , Oliveira Juliano E.
Published: March 2009

The aim of this study was to characterize phospholipids bilayers deposited through
Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Quartz Crystal
Microbalance (QCM) sensor. Phospholipids dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC),
dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE), dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE)
bilayers were deposited. Also, hybrid monolayer of DMPC/Cholesterol (DMPC/CHOL) was
prepared. Phospholipid with concentration of 1 mg.ml-1 in chloroform solution was spread at the
air-water interface of a Teflon-made LB trough containing a subphase of Milli-Q water using the
single-shot method. Phospholipid monolayers were transferred onto the QCM crystal and ZnSe
crystals as planar solid support for FTIR measurements using the vertical dipping method.
Homogeneous molecular LB films of DMPC, DMPE, DPPE phospholipids and DMPC/CHOL hybrid
were produced and characterized by isotherms (Π-area), transfer ratio (θ) and QCM frequency
changes results. Also, FTIR spectra results have also indicated the surface molecular organization and
packing with the presence of major vibration bands.
Effect of Electron Microscope Magnification on the Determination of Particle Size and Shape by Image Analysis
Authors: Li Zheng Min
Published: March 2009

To investigate the effect of magnification (M) on determination of particle size and shape
by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and image analysis. The calibration curve and its
simulative equation of TEM magnification are obtained by measurement of a grating replica standard
specimen at different magnifications. Based on the analysis of TEM images at a series of
magnifications for a 350nm-sphere standard sample, It has been found that the two errors of its size
measurement, caused by one pixel change of the pixel number per particle diameter (Np) and by one
gray value change during thresholding, is smaller, and the shape of ‘circle’ particles are close to the
standard one, while Np is larger than 35. It can be seen that the suitable TEM magnification is in
inverse proportion to particle size and it can be calculated by given equation.
Photoluminescence and Raman Studies on Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Si:H Thin Films
Authors: Chen Hong , Shen W.Z. , Wei W.S.
Published: March 2009

We report on room-temperature visible photoluminescence (PL) of B-doped
hydrogenated nanocrystalline Si (nc-Si:H) thin films grown by plasma enhanced chemical
vapor deposition. It is found that with increasing the boron doing ratio, the PL peak energy
blue shifts while the PL intensity first increases and then decreases. The PL profiles can be well
reproduced by using the model of Islam and Kumar [J. Appl. Phys. 93, 1753 (2003)] which
incorporates the effects of quantum confinement and localized surface states, together with a
log-normal rather than normal crystallite size distribution. The yielded microstructural
information is in good agreement with the Raman analysis, revealing that B doping tends to
reduce the size of Si nanocrystals and the PL intensity is jointly determined by the amount of
amorphous Si:H phase and the fraction of B-doped Si nanocrystals. These results also provide
implications to realize control of PL properties of nc-Si:H by B doping under optimized growth
conditions.
The Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide Thin Films Deposited on PET Substrate by r.f. Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Lu Yang Ming , Tsai Shu Yi , Lu Jeng Jong , Hon Min Hsiung
Published: March 2009

The transparent conducting films have been investigated extensively because of their
excellent electrical and optical properties in many applications. For producing the LCD (Liquid
Crystal Displays) and OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode), the transparent conductive films are
mainly deposited on the glass. Using the plastic substrate has the advantages of low cost,
light-weighted, and flexible characteristics; it is considered as the candidate substrate material for
the portable and flexible LCD. The surface roughness measured by AFM was in the range
2.63~11.1nm. The result shows that the crystallite size increases with increasing the r.f. power. The
microstructure of ZnO film has a proud (002) orientation. The average transmittance of ZnO film
can be obtained over 80% in the visible spectrum. The lowest resistivity obtained is 4.0×10-3
ohm-cm. The adhesion between ZnO films and PET substrate is good because there is no separate
observed in this study.
Low Temperature Effects on the Fracture Behavior of Cold-Worked STS 304 Stainless Steel for Membrane of LNG Storage Tank
Authors: Kim Do Sik , Choo Yong Sun , Hong Kwon Pyo , Kim Jung Kyu , Kim Chul Su
Published: March 2009

The temperature dependence of the tensile properties and the fracture toughness of the cold-worked STS 304 stainless steel have been examined in the temperature range of 293 K to 111 K. The tensile strength significantly increases with a decrease in temperature, but the 0.2% yield strength is relatively insensitive to temperature. The total elongation at 193 K abruptly decreases by 50% of that at 293 K, and it decreases slightly at 193 K to 111 K. The strain hardening exponents at low temperatures are about four times as high as that at 293K. Initiation fracture toughness (Jc) and tearing modulus (Tmat) tend to decrease with a decrease in temperature. The Jc values exhibit an inverse dependency on the effective yield strength (σflow) at all the test temperatures. Fractographic examination revealed that the critical stretch zone width (SZWc) at room temperature was about three times as large as that at 111 K. This indicates that the variation in fracture toughness according to temperature corresponds to the decrease in SZWc with decreasing temperature.
Effects of Thermal Annealing on the Atomic Structure of ta-C Films Using Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Kim Kyung Soo , Lee Seung Cheol , Lee Kwang Real , Cha Pil Ryung
Published: March 2009

Developments of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films having low residual
compressive stress are essential to extend the applicability of the films. The annealing of the ta-C
films was known to be an effective way for the reduction the stress of the films. However, the effects
of annealing on the atomic structure of ta-C films have not been fully understood. The atomic
structure changes by the annealing were studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The
simulation showed that the annealing caused an increase of the atomic volume of ta-C film, which
explained the stress reduction partially. However, the tendency of the stress reduction was different to
high and low stress films. The annealing substantially reduced the stresses of high stress films
compared to those of low stress films. Atomic structure analysis showed that the reason for the
asymmetric stress reduction resulted from the relaxation of highly distorted bonds that existed in
as-deposited films.
The Hydrogen Heat Treatment Effect on Electrical and Structural Properties of a-SiOC:H as Low-k Thin Films
Authors: Heo Jae Yeong , Kim Hyeong Joon
Published: March 2009

Various annealing conditions after film deposition have a great effect on electrical and
structural properties of low-k films. In this work, we studied hydrogen atmosphere heat treatment
effect on low-k films. After the room temperature deposition of a-SiOC:H low-k films following
post-deposition-annealing (PDA) for 30 min. at 450°C in an N2 ambient, final annealing was
performed for 30 min. at 400°C in an N2, a forming gas 1 (5% H2 + 95% N2), and a forming gas 2
(10% H2 + 90% N2) ambient. The flat band voltage was shifted toward the ideal value of 0.61V after
two forming gas anneals, but it increased k values of the films. It was ascribed that hydrogen
effectively substitutes defect sites or structural imperfections of low-k films and makes the film more
hydrophilic. The FT-IR, XPS analyses and the contact angle measurement supported our conclusion.
Preparation and Characterization of 70TeO2-30WO3 Glass Thin Films by Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering Method
Authors: Kim Jin Hyeok , Yoo Ki Young , Shin Sang Hoon , Youn Sun Hyun , Moon Jong Ha
Published: March 2009

70TeO2-30WO3 glass thin films were fabricated using radio-frequency magnetron
sputtering method and the effects of processing parameters on the growth rate, the surface
morphologies, the crystallinity, and refractive indices of thin films have been investigated using
AFM, XRD, SEM, and UV-Vis-IR spectrometer. Amorphous glass thin films with surface
roughness of 4~6 nm could be formed only at room temperature and crystalline WO3 phase was
observed in all the films prepared at above the room temperature. The deposition rate strongly
depended on the processing parameters. It increased with increasing rf power and with decreasing
processing pressure. Especially, it changed remarkably as varying the Ar/O2 gas flow ratio from
40sccm/0sccm to 0sccm/40sccm. When the films were formed in pure Ar atmosphere it shows a
deposition rate of ~0.2 μm/h, whereas ~1.5 μm/h when the films was formed in pure O2
atmosphere. The refractive indices of TeO2-WO3glass thin films could be measured to be about
1.849~2.165 depending on the wavelength in the range of 500-1100 nm and the bandgap energy of
glass thin film was ~3.34 eV.
Embodiment and Luminescence Properties of Sr3SiO5:Eu(Yellow-Orange Phosphor) by Co-Doping Lanthanide
Authors: Kang Hyung Goo , Park Joung Kyu , Kim Jae Myung , Kim Chang Hae , Choi Seung Chul
Published: March 2009

We have synthesized a Eu2+-activated lanthanide co-doped Sr3SiO5 : Eu yellow-orange
phosphor. In this experiment, sample powder has been synthesized by conventional solid state
method. It was calculated that luminescent efficiency of a Gd3+ co-doped Sr3SiO5:Eu phosphor
sample is up to 105% than that of only Sr3SiO5:Eu phosphor. Those samples can be applied such as
phosphor for white LED lamps through integrating on the UV or blue chips. On the contrary, the use
of a Dy, Ce, Pr and lanthanide short of Gd by the co-doping materials was caused by decreasing
luminescent intensity. The emission band was shifted from 572nm to short wavelengths by co-doping
lanthanide. The emission band of a Nd3+ co-doped Sr3SiO5 : Eu phosphor sample was not symmetrical
at 570nm. As Nd3+ concentration increased, two emission bands were observed
Synthesis and Microstructure of Al2O3-SiO2 Nanoparticles by a Sol-Gel Processing
Authors: Kang Sung , Kim Byung Ik , Kim Chang Yeoul , Lee Jong Kyu , Bae Dong Sik
Published: March 2009

Al2O3-SiO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by a sol-gel processing. Size and
composition of the synthesized particles can be controlled by manipulating the relative rates of the
hydrolysis and condensation reaction of precursor. The average size of synthesized Al2O3-SiO2
nanoparticles was about in the size range of 50~100nm. The effects of synthesis parameters, such as
the molar ratio of water to precursor, the molar ratio of water to surfactant and stirring rate, are
discussed.
Facile Synthesis of SiCN Ceramic Foam via Self-Sacrificial Template Method
Authors: Yan Jia , Hong Lan Young , Wang An Jie , Kim Dong Pyo
Published: March 2009

Non-oxide ceramic SiCN possesses unique physical and chemical properties, which make
it a suitable material for various applications such as catalyst support, high temperature
semiconducting devices, and metal or polymer matrix composites. In this work, SiCN foams with
pore size of 500 and 1000 nm and high BET surface area of 184.5 and 71 m2/g were prepared using
preceramic polymer, polyvinylsilazane, as a precursor and polystyrene sphere packed bed as a
self-sacrificial template. The polystyrene sphere packed bed was prepared by the natural
sedimentation of spheres. After the infiltration and curing of viscous preceramic polymer, the sample
was pyrolyzed at 1000 °C under N2 atmosphere to produce the ceramic foams. It is a very simple
synthesis because in the process of pyrolysing preceramic polymer, the polystyrene sphere template
was removed simultaneously by pyrolysis with no additional etching step. SEM, N2
adsorption-desorption measurement and TGA were used to characterize the obtained samples. It was
concluded from the TGA measurement that the obtained SiCN foam possessed very high thermal
stability at 1000 °C under air.
Investigation of Scandia Stabilized Zirconia(ScSZ) - Yttria Stabilized Zirconia(YSZ) Composite Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cells
Authors: Son Hui Jeong , Lim Tak Hyoung , Shin Dong Ryul , Song Rak Hyun , Kim Sung Hyun
Published: March 2009

The effect of ScSZ - YSZ composite on stabilization and electrical conductivity has been
investigated. Composite of (8YSZ)x(10ScSZ)(1-x)(x=0~1) were mixed by wet milling process and
sintered at 1400°C for 5h and characterized by XRD, SEM, dilatometry and impedance spectroscopy.
the long-term stability of the electrolyte materials was examined at 900°C for up to 1000h. The cubic
phase shifts from an YSZ character to a ScSZ character with increase in percentage of ScSZ. The
conductivity of composite with increasing ScSZ content is slightly higher than YSZ. Especially,
above 50wt% ScSZ composition exhibited higher electrical conductivity. All compositions showed
conductivity degradation after annealing at 900°C for 1000h.
Characteristics of Self-Aligned InP/InGaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor Assisted by Silicon Nitride Sidewall
Authors: Min Byoung Gue , Lee Jong Min , Kim Seong Il , Ju Chul Won , Lee Kyung Ho
Published: March 2009

A reliable fabrication method for providing close spacing between the emitter mesa and the base contact metal of InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistor is disclosed. The silicon nitride sidewall was formed on the emitter electrode and mesa periphery. It was used as a mask for emitter mesa etching and also as an overhang to self-align the base contact with respect to the emitter mesa. The self-aligned device fabricated by this technique exhibited better high-frequency performances with fT of 138 GHz and fmax of 143 GHz, respectively, superior to the re-aligned one on the same epitaxy wafer.
Spraying Using Electromagnetically Accelerated Plasma
Authors: Tahara Hirokazu , Yoshimura Naozumi , Koshiro Yoji
Published: March 2009

In magneto-plasma-dynamic (MPD) arcjet generators, plasma is accelerated by electromagnetic body forces. Silicon nitride reactive spraying was carried out using an MPD arcjet generator with crystal silicon rods and nitrogen gas. Because higher-velocity, higher-temperature and higher-density and larger-area plasmas are produced with the MPD arcjet generator than those with conventional thermal plasma torches, nitriding of silicon can be enhanced. A dense and uniform β-Si3N4 coating with 30 μm in thickness was formed after 200 shots at a repetitive frequency of 0.03 Hz with a discharge current of 9 kA and a substrate temperature of 700 °C. The Vickers hardness reached about 1300. Furthermore, silicon carbide and aluminum nitride sprayings were conducted with some spraying systems. All results showed that the MPD arcjet generator had high potentials for spraying.
Quantitative Phase Analysis of Fly Ashes from Six Polish Power Stations
Authors: Krztoń Hanna J.
Published: March 2009

Application of the Rietveld method to quantitative phase analysis of fly ashes from Polish power stations is presented. The calculations of the fractions of crystalline components as well as non crystalline constituents have been done using SIROQUANT TM software. The power of the Rietveld refinement is shown when very small contents of minerals are detected and quantified.
Casting Single Crystal Silicon: Novel Defect Profiles from BP Solar's Mono2 TM Wafers
Authors: Stoddard Nathan , Wu Bei , Witting Ian , Wagener Magnus C. , Park Yongkook , Rozgonyi George A. , Clark Roger
Published: March 2009

A novel crystal growth method has been developed for the production of ingots, bricks
and wafers for solar cells. Monocrystallinity is achievable over large volumes with minimal
dislocation incorporation. The resulting defect types, densities and interactions are described both
microscopically for wafers and macroscopically for the ingot, looking closely at the impact of the
defects on minority carrier lifetime. Solar cells of 156 cm2 size have been produced ranging up to
17% in efficiency using industrial screen print processes.