bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Aqueous Extract of Boswellia Serrata on Memory Impairment Induced by Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Borooni Samaneh , Nourbakhsh Fahimeh , Tajbakhsh Elahe , Behshood Parisa
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: The therapeutic effects of the olibanum, the resin of Boswellia serrata (B. serrata) from the Burseraceae family in inflammatory disease have been reported. There are more than 200 active ingredients in this resin, including Boswellic acid. It is proposed that aqueous extract of B. serrata can improve memory impairment induced by cerebral inflammation result in the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Materials and Methods: In this study, after the treatment of rats with LPS, brain toxicity induction was performed, and finally, the behavioral tests were evaluated. Following cerebral inflammation induction and treatment, behavioral performance biochemistry tests and molecular methods were assessed in all groups.
Results: LPS administration increased the duration and distance to find the platform in the Morris water maze test compared to the control group in 5 days (p<0.05 to p<0.001). Furthermore, LPS reduced the peripheral, central, and total locomotion compared to the control group (p< 0.001) in the open field test. Pretreatment with both doses of aqueous extract of B. serrata enhanced performances of the rats in Morris water maze (p<0.05 to p<0.01) and open field test (p<0.01 to p<0.001). LPS also increased hippocampus Interleukin-6, malondialdehyde levels (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Aqueous extract of B. serrata can be a useful drug in memory impairment caused by LPS-induced inflammation.
The Constitution, Human Rights, Human Capital
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Justice of the Penza State University PhD (Law), Artemova Darya I.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the basic characteristics of human capital. Its influence on modern legal and political institutions is stated. The general parameters of the human capital index used by various international organizations are given. The connection between the theory of human capital and the principles of implementing the concept of a social state is shown.
Terrorist Profiling and Constitutional Protection of Human Rights
Authors:   Teaching Assistant of the Department of Criminal Law of the Penza State University PhD (Law), Romanovskiy Vladislav G.
Published: December 2020

The article considers profiling the identity of the offender as a method of countering terrorist threats. Profiling a terrorist is of particular value for achieving a prognostic function — identifying a person prone to committing a terrorist crime. At the same time, it is based on the collection of personal data of almost every citizen of the country, which carries significant discriminatory risks and contributes to serious restrictions on human rights. Such activities require the establishment of special public control.
The Power of Opposition: Parliamentary Procedures in the Service of Democracy (Within the Framework of Strengthening of the Role of the Parliament and Political Parties in View of the Amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation)
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law of the Law School of the Far Eastern Federal University PhD (Political Science), Associate Professor, Koshel Aleksey S.
Published: December 2020

The new powers of the Russian Parliament in accordance with the Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2020 No. 1-FKZ “On improving the regulation of certain issues of the organization and functioning of public power” entrust the Parliament with additional responsibility for observing the rights and interests of the opposition. The concentration of political discussions from the street within the walls of the parliament should be the most important task of improving the legislation of the Russian Federation on parliamentary procedures, including with regard to the opposition, which clearly expresses the principles of multi-party system and political pluralism in the Russian parliament. The article analyzes the status of the opposition under Russian and foreign law, the powers of the opposition and the procedure for their implementation, the ability of the opposition to really influence the decisions made by the parliament, including the initiative to consider them (as in the case of the parliamentary investigation). The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the status of the opposition in the Russian Federation, taking into account foreign experience.
The Sociopolitical Mission of the Institution of Transfer of State Powers to Organizations: Expert Knowledge Attraction and State Service Quality Raising
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Public Law of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (NRU HSE), Khasyanov Rafael Z.
Published: December 2020

The subject of the article is the study and analysis of the socio-political purpose of the institution of the delegation of state powers to organizations in a view of its two functions: attracting expertise to the public sector and improving the quality and accessibility of public services by involving non-governmental organizations in this process. From the point of view of constitutional law, these functions of the indicated institution are derived through the principle of popular sovereignty and the right of citizens to participate in the management of state Affairs. Recent amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation (art. 75.1) further increased the relevance of these functions as creating conditions for mutual trust between the state and society. The function of attracting expertise helps to complement public policy with the contribution of a more experienced private sector, which, having higher professional competence in a particular field of activity, contributes to a better, more efficient and faster solution of tasks (SKOLKOVO Innovation center, special economic zones). The function of improving the quality and accessibility of public services is aimed at achieving such goals as attracting non-governmental organizations to participate in the provision of public services, as well as improving their quality and accessibility for citizens and their associations (accredited passport and visa centers, multifunctional centers). Thus, it is noted that the functions of the institution of the delegation of state powers to organizations make a huge contribution to the development and harmonization of relations between the state and society, as well as contribute to the practical implementation of certain provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Prospects of the Development of the Constitutional Law Liability of Deputies in Russia: Law Improvement Ways
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Constitutional and Municipal Law of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Kurbanova Zaira M.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the constitutional law liability of deputies as one of the elements of their status. It also represents a part of the system of means and mechanisms of raising the efficiency of operations of a member of parliament. Besides, the constitutional law liability of deputies is designed to prevent them from violating the law in performance of representative functions.
The All-Russian Voting on the Approval of Amendments to the Russian Constitution: Why and What for?
Authors:   Graduate Student of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Konovalov Dmitriy D.
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the essence of the all-Russian vote on approval of amendments to the Constitution of Russia. The answers to the questions are presented: why was the all-Russian vote held and why was such a form of direct democracy used?
The Publication of Texts of Judicial Acts on the Internet as a Mechanism of Transparency Principle Implementation
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Ural Branch of the Russian State University of Justice PhD (Law), Ryzhkov Konstantin S.
Published: December 2020

Ensuring openness and publicity of legal proceedings is one of the most important tasks facing the judicial system. At the same time, the development of modern information technologies requires improving mechanisms for informing about the results of the consideration of cases, including through the publication of texts of judicial acts on the Internet. As part of the study, the effectiveness of existing legislation in this area was analyzed. The author concluded that it is necessary to reduce the time for the placement of texts of judicial acts adopted by the courts in civil and administrative court proceedings. In addition, this article proposes changes to existing legal norms in terms of reducing and specifying cases in which a judicial act cannot be posted on the Internet or is not fully posted.
Online Participation in a Commercial Court Session: Some Procedural Issues
Authors:   Presiding Judge of the Commercial Court of Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, Shevchenko Ilya M.
Published: December 2020

The author discusses on questions, emerging when a party to the dispute participates in a court seating online, such as: should the court in all occasions satisfy a petition for an online court seating; what are the consequences of not attending such a seating; can new evidence be produced in an online court seating.
The Procedural Status of a Specialist and Its Legal Regulation in the Modern Russian Criminal Procedure Law
Authors:   Teaching Assistant of the Department of Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics of the Saint Petersburg State University (SPbSU), Attorney at the ALIBI Legal Firm Private Non-Profit Organization, Vatutina Oksana Yu.
Published: December 2020

This article examines the specifics of legal regulation of the procedural status of a specialist in the criminal procedure law of Russia. It is pointed out that the procedural status of a specialist is not sufficiently regulated in relation to the procedural status of an expert as participants in criminal proceedings. The author reveals the essential elements of the procedural status of a specialist as a person with special knowledge and its legal uncertainty. The article analyzes the constituent elements of the procedural status of a specialist, which include not only the rights and obligations of a specialist, but also guarantees of their implementation. The significance of the goals and objectives of the specialist’s participation in the criminal process as elements of its procedural status is revealed. The procedural function of a specialist is defined as the function of promoting justice. The article presents and analyzes the data of judicial practice on the issue of assessing the admissibility of the conclusion and testimony of a specialist as evidence in a criminal case, in the context of the implementation of elements of the procedural status, that is, in terms of competence, disinterest, responsibility of the specialist, goals and objectives of his participation in the process. The author reveals the ambiguity of judicial practice in the issue under study, as well as the tendency to deny the evidentiary value of the conclusion and testimony of a specialist, due to the lack of the necessary level of regulation of the procedural status of a specialist in the current legislation. The author defines the regulation of the procedural status of a specialist in the current legislation as an element of the procedural status itself, identifies its insufficiency, and formulates a thesis about the need for its proper regulatory regulation in modern criminal procedure legislation.
Our Future Lies in “The Electronic Scales of Justice”
Authors:   Chairman of the Editorial Board of the Criminal Proceedings Journal LL.D., Kolokolov Nikita A.
Published: December 2020

The electronic scales of justice are an innovation that the future lies in. A dispute between Professor Kh.D. Alikperov, author of the monograph The Electronic Technique of Determination of a Punitive Measure (“The Electronic Scales of Justice”) and its reviewer Associate Professor I.V. Maslov is offered to the reader’s attention.
Entre el realismo y el constructivismo: una forma de comprender la justicia transicional en Colombia
Authors: Betancourt Torres Valentina
Published: December 2020

Una de las cuestiones más importantes para la comprensión de la justicia de transición se deriva de la relación de tensión existente entre Derecho y poder de cara a las necesidades de justicia como reclamo a graves violaciones a los derechos humanos cometidas en periodos de conflictos armados, guerras civiles o dictaduras. Dicha relación de tensión se explicó inicialmente haciendo gala de la dicotomía entre realismo e idealismo. Más allá de tomar partido entre una y otra teoría, a través de este documento se pretende argumentar que la configuración del modelo de justicia transicional en Colombia se ha dado a partir de la interacción entre diversos enfoques y miradas, haciendo un énfasis particular en las teorías realista y constructivista. Así, se propone que la comprensión y la legitimación de los mecanismos de transición adoptados en el país pueden explicarse desde el realismo jurídico, el realismo político y la mirada constructivista. Tal propuesta puede ayudarnos a comprender e interpretar los avances o retrocesos en la implementación de las medidas creadas para la superación del conflicto armado y la reconciliación nacional.
Condiciones materiales para el ejercicio de la autonomía. El jaque de la desigualdad a la libertad
Authors: Ribotta Silvina
Published: December 2020

Existe una relevante tensión conceptual y fáctica entre la autonomía que desarrollan los seres humanos y las condiciones materiales de los orígenes sociales que han disfrutado. Para entenderla es necesario analizar la condicionalidad que se oculta en la relación entre desigualdad y autonomía desde los conceptos de pobreza, desigualdades económicas y necesidades básicas, explicitando qué y cuáles son las condiciones materiales de los orígenes sociales. Desde las necesidades básicas, que deberían ser relevantes en la fundamentación de derechos y que algunas ya se encuentran incorporadas a las obligaciones jurídicas de los Estados de Derecho modernos a través de los derechos sociales y su efectividad, es posible objetivar las adecuadas condiciones materiales de los orígenes sociales para garantizar niveles de desarrollo de la autonomía compatibles con la libertad real de las personas. Resulta importante, por ende, analizar la compleja relación (y las contradicciones) que la desigualdad, especialmente la desigualdad económica, mantiene con el disfrute de la autonomía de las personas, impidiendo o permitiendo que éstas puedan resultar realmente autónomas y realmente libres, desnudando el jaque (que peligra en mate) en que coloca la desigualdad a la autonomía y a la misma libertad.
La legislación rusa sobre el autogobierno local
Authors: Komlev Evgeny
Published: December 2020

En este artículo se ofrece un estudio de las normas de la Constitución de la Federación de Rusia y de la legislación federal de Rusia sobre el autogobierno local. El artículo se centra en la naturaleza jurídica de las normas de la Constitución de Rusia, las principales decisiones del Tribunal Constitucional de la Federación de Rusia sobre la materia, y los trabajos de los principales científicos rusos. Se ha determinado la tendencia del desarrollo de la legislación rusa sobre el autogobierno local en los últimos años, incluso se ha analizado la reforma constitucional de 2020 en Rusia con respecto al autogobierno local. En la conclusión se señala que la regulación constitucional bastante detallada aún no garantiza el desarrollo rápido y efectivo del principio de descentralización del poder en el ámbito local. La legislación ordinaria, la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional y la situación política tienen mucha importancia en este proceso.
TÜRKİYE’DE VERİMLİLİK, ETKİNLİK VE ETKİLİLİK KAVRAMLARININ FEN VE MÜHENDİSLİK DİSİPLİNLERİNDE KULLANIMININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Murat , CERİT A. Güldem
Published: December 2020

Verimlilik, etkinlik ve etkililik kavramları ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde yapılan çalışmalarda sıkça kullanılmakta ve bu kavramlar yapılan operasyonların girdilerini, çıktılarını temel alarak performans ölçümünü gerçekleştirmektedir. Her bir kavramın benzer anlam içerdiği düşünülse de aslında her biri farklı ölçümlerin sonucunu ifade etmektedir. Bu yüzden kavramların doğru şekilde kullanılmasının sağlanması için meydana gelen karışıklıkların en aza indirgenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; bahse konu kavramların özellikle denizcilik alanındaki Gemi Makine İşletme Mühendisliği, Gemi İnşaatı ve Gemi Makineleri Mühendisliği, Deniz Ulaştırma İşletme Mühendisliği, Deniz Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi, Deniz İşletmeciliği, Denizcilik İşletmeleri Yönetimi ana bilim dallarında kullanım şekli irdelenip anlam çatışmasının ortadan kaldırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle kavramların manasının tam olarak anlaşılması için sözlüklerdeki ve literatürdeki verimlilik, etkinlik ve etkililik tanımları incelenmiştir. İkincil olarak Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Tez Merkezine ait verilerden Fen Bilimleri altındaki ana bilim dallarında yapılmış tez çalışmalarında verimlilik, etkinlik, etkililik kavramlarını içeren tezler analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, denizcilik alanında yapılacak olan çalışmanın tam olarak doğrulanması için Sosyal Bilimler altındaki denizcilikle ilgili ana bilim dallarında benzer inceleme yapılmıştır. Elde edilen çalışmalarda kavramların kullanım şekilleri ve İngilizce tercümeleri referans alınarak veri setleri oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak kavramların tam olarak hangi anlamı ifade ettiği ve farklı anabilim dallarında nasıl kullanılacağı şeklinde çıkarımlar yapılmıştır.
GEMİ İŞLETMECİLİĞİNDE SATIN ALMANIN YÖNETİMSEL VE OPERASYONEL BOYUTUNUN YARI YAPILANDIRILMIŞ GÖRÜŞMELERLE ANALİZİ
Authors: YALÇIN Ender , ARSLAN Özcan
Published: December 2020

Gemiler tarafından ihtiyaç duyulan malzeme taleplerinin alınmasından gemiye ulaştırılmasına kadar geçen süreci kapsayan satınalma, gemi işletmeciliğinin en önemli maliyet bileşenini oluşturmaktadır. Bu sürecin yönetilmesi gemilerin sefer ve liman belirsizliklerinden dolayı oldukça karmaşık olabilmektedir. Bu çalışma da yazarlar, satınalma yönetiminin yönetimsel ve operasyonel boyutlarını analiz etmiştir. Bu amaçla, 15 farklı gemi işletme firmasından 35 satın alma uzmanı ile yarı yapılandırılmış sorular üzerinden görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu görüşmelerden çıkartılan en bariz bulgu satın alma kararlarında sıklıkla geleneksel yönteme yani tecrübeye başvurulduğu görülmüştür. Gemilerin yoğun programı ve gemi adamlarının yoğun temposu altında gemi stokları düzenli olarak kayıt altına alınamamaktadır. Böylece, karar vericiler, veriye dayalı karar vermekten ziyade tecrübelerine dayanarak karar vermektedir. Araştırmaya katılan denizcilik işletmelerinde, bir satın alma personeli yaklaşık 5 gemi-satın alma sürecinin yönetilmesinden sorumludur. İşletmelerde en az 3 tedarikçiden teklif alma, fiyat-kalite karşılaştırması yapma, uygun fiyatlarla iyi kalite malzeme tedariki yapma, satın alma stratejileri oluşturma ve tedarikçi ağını genişletme gibi sınırlı sayıda satın alma stratejisine başvurulmaktadır.
Ön çapraz bağ rekonstrüksiyonunda transtibial ve anteromedial portal tekniklerin fonksiyonel olarak karşılaştırılması
Authors: CİHAN Sema , DUMAN Evrim
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, otojen hamstring tendon grefti kullanılarak ön çapraz bağ (ÖÇB) rekonstrüksiyonu yapılan hastalarda, transtibial (TT) ve anteromedial portal (AMP) tekniklerin fonksiyonel sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2010-2018 yılları arasında, TT ve AMP teknik ile ÖÇB rekonstrüksiyonu yapılan toplam 80 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların 40 tanesi TT teknik ile 40 tanesi AMP teknik ile ameliyat edildi. Hastaların ameliyat sonrası takiplerinde, diz hareket açıklığı (fleksiyon- ekstansiyon), eklem kararlılık testleri (Lachman, ön çekmece, pivot-shift testleri) ve fonksiyonel skorları (IKDC, Lysholm, Cincinnati and Tegner diz skorları) kaydedildi.

Bulgular: Her iki grup için ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyat sonrası yapılan ölçümler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuşsa da, TT ve AMP grupların birbirleri ile karşılaştırılmasında, diz hareket açıklığı, kararlılık ve fonksiyonel skorların sonuçları açısından fark bulunmadı.

Sonuç: Her iki grup için, otojen hamstring tendon grefti ile yapılan artroskopik ÖÇB rekonstrüksiyonunun erken fonksiyonel sonuçları tatmin edici ve benzerdir.
O direito fundamental ao bom governo e o dever de proteção estatal: uma análise das competências federativas à implementação de políticas de prevenção e repressão aos atos de malversação do patrimônio público
Authors: Alves Felipe Dalenogare , Leal Mônia Clarissa Hennig
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho expõe o resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, concebida a partir do método dedutivo, para fins de abordagem, e monográfico, a título procedimental, acerca da necessidade de estabelecimento de políticas públicas e a consequente atribuição de competências para a prevenção e repressão de atos desonestos por parte dos agentes públicos, como medida indispensável ao dever de proteção do Estado na concretização do direito fundamental ao bom governo. Assim, a pesquisa justifica-se pela necessidade de esclarecimento de importantes pontos que cercam a problemática que motiva o estudo, como a seguinte questão: estabelecida a fundamentalidade ao direito ao bom governo e constatada a necessidade de políticas de prevenção e repressão aos atos desonestos no exercício do Poder emanado do povo, a quais Entes federativos compete o estabelecimento de normas objetivando a responsabilização administrativa, civil, penal e por atos de improbidade? Para tanto, o trabalho estrutura-se em duas partes. Na primeira, realiza-se um discurso de fundamentação acerca do direito fundamental ao bom governo, para, em um segundo momento, se realizar uma análise dos instrumentos internacionais que versam sobre as obrigações estatais de se estabelecerem políticas internas de prevenção e repressão aos atos corruptivos, estudando-se seus reflexos e quais dessas medidas foram implementadas no âmbito doméstico, a fim de, na última seção, fazer-se uma análise normativo-constitucional acerca das competências federativas à sua consecução, buscando-se a proteção do direito fundamental ao bom governo. Dentre os resultados encontrados, verificou-se que, quanto ao estabelecimento de normas objetivando a responsabilização civil e penal, a competência é privativa da União, enquanto as normas sobre direito administrativo são comuns a todos os Entes federativos, pairando controvérsia, entretanto, quanto à competência para legislar sobre improbidade administrativa, o que poderia ocorrer uma invasão de competências por parte da União, como se verá no decorrer do trabalho.
Do debate epistemológico à clínica interdisciplinar de direitos humanos da UNIRG
Authors: Ribeiro de Paiva Jaqueline de Kassia , Ferraro Julina Ricarte , Sakay Lady
Published: December 2020

Este artigo analisa dados obtidos em Grupos Focais, para a construção coletiva da proposta de criação de uma Clínica Interdisciplinar de Direitos Humanos (CIDH), envolvendo os cursos da UnirG. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa e participante, com Coordenadores de Estágios dos cursos da universidade. Conclui que os participantes veem positiva a integração entre os cursos, no aspecto acadêmico e para os serviços prestados, e promissora a criação da CIDH, cuja temática é Saúde e Qualidade de Vida. A investigação contribuiu para o debate sobre interdisciplinaridade no ensino superior e permitiu a construção coletiva da proposta de criação da CIDH na UnirG.
Spatial development of small towns: social strategies and practices
Authors:   Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chernysh Mikhail F. , Markin Valeriy V. ,   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Центром региональной социологии и конфликтологии Института социологии ФНИСЦ РАН совместно с другими подразделениями ФНИСЦ РАН и региональными партнерами в 2019 году проведено комплексное изучение проблем малых городов в современной России. Первые результаты исследования были представлены в электронной монографии «Малые города в социальном пространстве России», где рассмотрены теоретико-методологические основания исследования, отечественный и зарубежный опыт оздоровления малых городов, обозначены наиболее актуальные и острые проблемы развития малых российских городов с выходом на стратегии и практики их решения. Особое внимание уделено рекомендациям по погашению негативных тенденций в социально-экономической и социокультурной сферах малых городов. В предлагаемой монографии представлены результаты продолжающихся масштабных социально-экономических и социологических исследований, поставлен целый ряд дискуссионных вопросов экономического и социологических измерений развития малых городов, раскрываются исторические, социокультурные, миграционные, территориальные, конфликтологические особенности их становления. Предлагается новый подход к формированию перспективного направления в развитии государственной политики пространственного развития России. Монография будет представлять интерес как для научных сотрудников и специалистов в социологии и регионоведении, так и для руководителей и специалистов в области местного, регионального и федерального уровней управления.
Zaoferowanie przez gminę nieruchomości zamiennej w związku z uchwaleniem lub zmianą planu miejscowego (z uwzględnieniem założenia o racjonalności prawodawcy)
Authors: Mirowski Sławomir Bogusław
Published: December 2020

Artykuł jest poświęcony problematyce zaoferowania przez gminę nieruchomości zamiennej w związku z uchwaleniem lub zmianą miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Przedstawiono w nim zmiany regulacji prawnych w zakresie mechanizmu rekompensaty związanej z działaniami normotwórczymi gminy. Następnie analizie poddano wzajemne powiązania ochrony prawa własności w ujęciu konstytucyjnym z przepisami ustawy z dnia 27 marca 2003 roku o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym. Poza tym omówiono najistotniejsze elementy procedury zamiany nieruchomości z uwzględnieniem kontekstu założenia o racjonalności prawodawcy.
Ryzyko szkody powstałej w szczególnych okolicznościach
Authors: Stopka Karolina
Published: December 2020

Ryzyko socjalne jest kategorią teoretycznoprawną powszechnie stosowaną w rozważaniach na temat instytucji prawnych zabezpieczenia społecznego, w tym służącą do opisu funkcji świadczeń zabezpieczenia społecznego oraz wyróżnienia i charakteryzacji prawa zabezpieczenia społecznego (prawa socjalnego). W opracowaniu autorka wskazuje na normatywne podstawy wyodrębnia ryzyka szkody powstałej w szczególnych okolicznościach oraz dokonuje jego teoretycznoprawnej analizy. Wyjaśnia kwestie terminologiczne oraz opisuje konstrukcję tego ryzyka, jego treść oraz aktualny i postulowany zakres jego ochrony.
Laid-Back Approach and Strategic Deception: Russia’s Dual Strategy in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dharmaputra Radityo
Published: December 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara singkat respons awal pemerintahan Rusia, di bawah pemerintahan Putin, terhadap krisis pandemi Covid-19 sejak awal Januari sampai dengan awal September ketika Rusia meluncurkan vaksin Sputnik V. Penulis berargumen bahwa respons Rusia memiliki karakteristik khas: dualitas antara pendekatan santai disertai dengan segala bentuk disinformasi serta kontranarasi dalam kerangka muslihat strategis untuk mencapai tujuan. Pola respons yang santai sejak awal telah ditampilkan oleh pemerintahan Rusia, ditandai dengan keengganan menetapkan situasi darurat sejak awal dan upaya menutupi informasi mengenai kasus positif. Pola ini lantas berlanjut dalam bentuk langkah strategis yang diambil yaitu pendelegasian kewenangan kepada pemerintah lokal dan regional. Strategi yang menurunkan resiko bagi pemerintah ini ternyata mendorong turunnya legitimasi dari rezim, sehingga pemerintah melakukan upaya tambahan dengan melakukan muslihat strategis: disinformasi dan propaganda domestik serta upaya memunculkan kontranarasi di level global demi amannya legitimasi internal rezim dan tercapainya posisi Rusia sebagai pemimpin alternatif di dunia.  Kata-kata kunci: COVID-19, Rusia, rezim Putin, pendekatan santai, muslihat strategis This paper aims to describe the initial responses of the Russian government, under Putin’s administration, to the Covid-19 pandemic from early January to early September 2020 when Russia launched the Sputnik V vaccine. The author argues that Russia’s responses have distinctive characteristics: a duality between laid-back approaches accompanied by all forms of disinformation and counter-narrative in the framework of strategic deception. The Russian government has displayed a laid-back pattern of responses from the start, marked by a reluctance to establish emergencies and the efforts to cover up information regarding positive cases. This pattern then continues in the form of strategic steps taken, which is the delegation of authority to local and regional governments. This strategy, while lowering the risks for the government, precipitated the decline of the legitimacy of the regime. The government then makes additional efforts by committing strategic deception: disinformation and domestic propaganda as well as efforts to generate counter-narrative at the global level in order to secure the regime’s internal legitimacy and achieve Russia’s position as an alternative leader in the world. Keywords: COVID-19, Russia, Putin’s regime, laid-back approach, strategic deception
The Utilization of Poly-37,40-diallyl-38,39,41,42,-tetrahydroxycalix[6]arenes Compound as Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Cations Cd(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II)
Authors: Prabawati Susy Yunita , Jumina Jumina , Santosa Sri Juari , Mustofa Mustofa
Published: December 2020

This research aims to examine the capability of poly-37,40-diallyl-38,39,41,42,-tetrahydroxy-calix[6]arenes as adsorbent for heavy metal cations such as Cd(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II). The adsorption process was carried out by batch method in the variation of acidity (pH), contact time and initial concentration of metal ions. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were also studied. The results of this research showed that the amount of adsorbed metal increased with the increasing of the pH of metal solution. The amount of metal ions Cd(II) and Cr(III) adsorbed was optimum at pH 5, while for metal ion Cu(II) was optimum at pH 4. The optimum contact time for Cd(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II) was 60; 30; and 180 minutes, respectively. The study of adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption of Cd (II), Cr (III) and Cu (II) metal ions using this adsorbent followed kinetics model of Ho. Isothermal studies showed that the adsorption of the three metal ions tends to follow the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacities of Cd (II), Cr (III) and Cu (II) metal ions with poly-37,40-diallyl-38,39,41,42,-tetrahydroxycalix[6]arenes were 7.06; 14.72 and 38.45 µmol/g, respectively.
Hypervolemia and physiology changes in triplet pregnancy in a mother with permanent pacemakers due to bradicardia resulting from sinus node dysfunction due to AV block with secondary infertility for 19 years
Authors: Sungkar Ali , Maulina Fita , Dilmy M Adya F
Published: December 2020

The well-known hypervolemia associated with normal pregnancy averages 40 to 45 percent above blood volume in non-pregnant women after 32 to 34 weeks. The case was on Mrs. FN, 40 years old, a patient reffered due to sinus bradycardia before the insertion of permanent pacemaker. After 6 month-use of the permanent pacemaker, she became pregnant with triplet pregnancy. This case report evaluated the patient's condition from her hypervolemic condition to her cardiac function.
Kejadian mastitis subklinis pada kambing perah Peranakan Etawa di desa Bangelan kecamatan Wonosari kabupaten Malang
Authors: Mardian Nur Zaini Nanda , Soeharsono Soeharsono , Harijani Nenny , Budiarto Budiarto , Hermadi Herry Agoes , Wurlina Wurlina
Published: December 2020

Etawa crossbred goat is one species of goat that is raised for milk production. One of the diseases that often occur in dairy livestock is mastitis, in which there is inflammation of the mammary gland. It is common in goat, that mastitis does not show clinical symptoms (subclinical). This research aims to determine the incidence of subclinical mastitis in Etawa crossbred goats in Bangelan village Wonosari district Malang regency. This research involved 25 respondent farms, which are Etawa crossbred dairy goat farms. In this research, subclinical mastitis cases were directly detected using California Mastitis Test (CMT). The results showed that out of 70 samples collected, 41 (58.6%) samples were positive. These CMT positive goats were from 88% of the respondent farms.
Relationship between the value of the estrous detector measurement result and serum progesterone level in Etawa crossbred goats after estrous synchronization
Authors: Triagil Annisa Lita , Ismudiono Ismudiono , Lestari Tita Damayanti , Samik Abdul , Utomo Budi , Setiawan Boedi
Published: December 2020

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the estrous detector's reading value (Draminski®, Dramiński S.A, Poland) and serum progesterone levels on Etawa crossbred does. Eighteen healthynon-prehnant Etawa crossbreds does weighing 20-25 kg, in their first parity were used in this study. The does were divided equally into two groups. In the two groups, the does were synchronized their estrus by means of intramuscular and intravulvar injection of 7.5 mg prostaglandin Fɑ (PGF2ɑ) twice in 11-day intervals. After the second injection, the estrous detector value measurement, visual observation of the estrus sign, and blood sampling were conducted for five days. The blood sample was processed into the serum to examine for progesterone levels by ELISA. The data analysis was using the simple correlation method on SPSS type 23 for windows. The result showed that a positive relationship (p <0.05) with coefficient correlation (r) was 0.609 between the values of the estrous detector measurement with serum progesterone levels. It could be concluded that the estrous detector's low value indicates that the Etawa crossbred was in the estrus phase and followed by the decreasing of progesterone level but not reaching the basal level.
Application of Several Types of Rhizome Powder in Controlling Sitophilus Oryzae L. Pests in Local Siam Mutiara Rice
Authors: Saputra Riza Adrianoor , Khamidah Noor
Published: December 2020

Rice is the staple food of the Indonesian population. Siam Mutiara is the preferred local variety of rice in South Kalimantan. Sufficient rice availability must be supported by a rice surplus as food reserves.The main problem with rice storage is the emergence of Sitophilus oryzae L. Therefore it is necessary to control the pest. Non-toxic botanical pesticides can be applied to control S. oryzae. This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of several types of rhizome flour on the mortality rate of S. oryzae, population development of S. oryzae, and weight of Siam Mutiara rice to obtain the most effective rhizome flour. The research was conducted in March 2020 - August 2020 at the Agroecotechnology Production Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University. The one-factor Completely Randomized Design method (CRD) was used by treating z0 (control/without rhizome powder), z1 (red galangal rhizome powder), z2 (kencur rhizome powder), z3 (red ginger rhizome powder), and z4 (rhizome powder combination). The treatment was repeated 4 times so that there were 20 experimental units. The results showed that the application of red galanus rhizome powder, sling rhizome powder, red ginger rhizome powder, and rhizome powder combination was able to control the population development of S. oryzae and weight damage of Siam Mutiara rice due to S. oryzae pests. The rhizome powder that was most effective in controlling S. oryzae was z1 (red galangal rhizome powder) with a mortality percentage of 32.50%, population of 7 individuals, and rice weight of 99.96%; z2 (kencur rhizome powder) with a mortality percentage of 65%, population of 3 individuals, and rice weight of 99.97%; z3 (red ginger rhizome powder) with a mortality percentage of 62.50, population of 4 individuals, and rice weight of 99.96%; and z4 (rhizome powder combination) with a mortality percentage of 47.50%, population of 5 individuals, and rice weight of 99.95%.
A Comparative Study of Learning Burnout of College Students
Authors: Huang Yunjie , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2020

Learning burnout circumstances appear commonly in the process of English learning. The current research investigates the features of learning burnout of English and a non-English major junior student from three dimensions, including exhaustion, cynicism and decreased professional self-efficacy. Results find that, firstly, these two groups of participants hold a similar degree of learning burnout, while non-English major participants show more individual variability of the learning burnout situation. Based on Krashen’s Input hypothesis and Affective Filter hypothesis, there exist differences and similarities of reasons for participants’ learning burnout. The high degree of learning burnout of these two groups is influenced by the choice of expected jobs as well as the sense of inferiority caused because of peer pressure. Furthermore, learning burnout of English major students is more influenced by teachers, having higher expectations for comprehensible and sufficient input. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to students’ learning burnout situation and understand the specific needs and practical condition of junior students.
Influence of supplementation of vineyard soil with organic substances on nutritional status, yield and quality of ‘Black Magic’ grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and soil microbiological and biochemical characteristics
Authors: Tangolar Semih , Tangolar Serpil , Alkan Torun Ayfer , Ada Melike , Göçmez Selçuk
Published: December 2020

Cost effective and environmentally friendly strategies in plant nutrition are prime considerations for sustainable viticulture in the face of ever-increasing stress factors throughout the world. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of applying different types of organic and inorganic material [control (C; no application), basaltic pumice (P), commercial dry compost (DC), pruning residue:farm manure mixture (1:2, v:v) compost (PR+FM), straw:farm manure mixture (1:2, v:v) compost (S+FM), pumice:dry compost (P+DC), pumice+straw:farm manure compost (P+(S+FM)) and pumice+pruning residue:farm manure compost (P+(PR+FM))] to ‘Black Magic’ grapevines on their agronomic and nutrient acquisition during two consecutive years: 2017 and 2018.The highest yield (6172 g/vine and 7874 g/vine) and cluster weight (411.4 g and 463.2 g) were obtained for the application of S+FM in both years. In terms of berry weight, the highest value was obtained for P+(PR+FM) in 2017, although no significant difference was found between treatments in 2018. PR+FM slightly accelerated berry ripening. The differences between macro and micro element contents of the leaves were statistically significant. The leaf mineral values obtained from pumice were generally higher whether it was applied alone or in combination with other materials. N, P, Ca, Fe and Mn concentrations were sufficient for all applications, while K, Mg and Zn values were within the limits of deficiency. Regarding CO2 production, P+(PR+FM) application in 2017 and S+FM application in 2018 gave the highest values. The effect of organic materials used on microbial biomass-C in soil was higher for S+FM in 2017 and for S+FM and P+DC in 2018 than the other treatments. The application of P+(PR+FM) in 2017 and PR+FM in 2018 had the highest efficiency in terms of dehydrogenase enzyme activity. Urease and phosphatase enzyme values showed a higher activity for P+(PR+FM) in 2017 and P+DC in 2018 than for the other treatments.In this study, we found that applications of organic and inorganic material generally provided good improvement in terms of the agronomic and nutritional properties examined. In order to be able to provide recommendations for appropriate material, it would be useful to evaluate the accumulated effects of the treatments in further research.
Vegetation Survival in Green Roofs without Irrigation
Authors: Raimondi Anita , Marchioni Mariana , Sanfilippo Umberto , Becciu Gianfranco
Published: December 2020

The implementation of green roofs as sustainable urban drainage systems provides benefits for stormwater control and the environment and is always more encouraged. In this paper, the estimation of the probability of vegetation survival without irrigation has been proposed as a guide to choose the proper values for the design parameters; in particular the growing medium thickness has been related to the average return interval of the water content at the end of the dry period. Moreover the study represents an improvement of the analytical probabilistic approach since a chain of consecutive rainfall events has been considered, in order to take into account the possibility that the storage capacity is not completely available at the beginning of each event because of the pre-filling from more than one previous rainfall as typically happens for green roofs. Finally, developed equations have been validated by means of their application to two case studies, respectively in northern and southern Italy.
Low-Carbon Economical Dispacth of Electricity-Heat Integrated Energy System Considering Concentrating Solar Power and Heat Loss in Heat Pipe Network
Authors: Zhang Nenghan , Wang Yufeng , Jian Xiyan , Ding Yibo
Published: December 2020

With the development of energy internet, integrated energy system can effectively reduce carbon emissions and improve the utilization of renewable energy. In this paper, a low-carbon optimal scheduling model of integrated energy system considering heat loss of heat network pipeline is proposed. Based on the study of concentrating solar power (CSP) plant and heat storage tank (HS), an optimal scheduling model is established, which takes system operation cost, environmental pollution and penalty cost of abandoning wind and solar energy as objectives. Through the analysis of example results, it is proved that the model proposed in this paper can achieve the goal of reliable, low-carbon and economic operation of the system. At the same time, it shows that CSP unit can reduce the operation cost of system and increase energy coupling and utilization.
Assessing Extensive Semi-Arid Rangeland Beef Cow-Calf Welfare in Namibia. Part 2: Categorisation and scoring of welfare assessment measures
Authors: Kaurivi Y. Baby , Laven Richard , Hickson Rebecca , Parkinson Tim , Stafford Kevin
Published: December 2020

The study aimed to develop standards for a welfare assessment protocol, by validating potential categorisation thresholds for assessment of beef farms in various beef cow-calf production systems in Namibia. Forty measures combined from a New Zealand-based protocol plus Namibia-specific measures, were applied on 55 beef farms (17 commercial farms, 20 semi-commercial and 18 communal village farms) during pregnancy testing, and a questionnaire guided interview. The categorised measures on a 3-point welfare score of 0: good 1: marginal and 2: poor/unacceptable welfare were subsequently compared with derivation of thresholds based upon the poorest 15% and best 50% of herds for each measure. Overall combined thresholds of continuous measures across the 3 farm types, showed 10/22 measures that posed welfare compromise across Namibia, where commercial farms had 4/22 measures and semi-commercial and communal village farms had 12/22 and 11/22 respectively with high thresholds. Most measures-imposed thresholds were retained because of significant importance to welfare of animals and preventiveness of the traits, while leniency was given to adjust good feeding and mortality measures to signify periods of drought. Handling measures (fearful, falling/lying) and abrasions thresholds were adjusted to reflect the temporary stress caused by infrequent cattle handling, and faulty yard designs/design and possible cattle breed influence on handling. Hence, the country needs prioritised investigation of underlying contributing factors and remediation to reduce the high thresholds.
Singularities of Non-Developable Ruled Surface with Spacelike Ruling
Authors: Abdel-baky Rashad , Saad Mohamed
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study singularities of the spherical indicatrix and evolute of spacelike ruled surface with spacelike ruling. Finally, we give an example to illustrate our results.
Perioperative Complications After Parotidectomy using a Standardized Grading Scale Classification System. Impact on Hospitalization Stay.
Authors: Terlinden Natacha , Hamoir Marc , Van Maanen Aline , Schmitz Sandra
Published: December 2020

Background: Perioperative complications after parotidectomy are poorly studied and have a potential impact on hospitalization stay. The Clavien-Dindo classification of postoperative complications used in visceral surgery allows a recording of all complications, including a grading scale related to the severity of complication. Methods: The cohort analyzed for perioperative complications is composed of 436 parotidectomies. classified into three types, four groups and three classes depending on extent of parotid resection, inclusion of additional procedures and pathology, respectively. Results: Using the Clavien-Dindo classification, complications were reported in 77 % of the interventions. In 438 complications, 430 (98.2%) were classified as minor (332 grade I and 98 grade II) and 8 (1.8%) were classified as major (grade III). Independent variables affecting the risk of perioperative complications were duration of surgery (odds ratio = 1.007, p-value = 0.029) and extent of parotidectomy (odds ratio = 4.043, p-value = 0.007). Total/subtotal parotidectomy was associated with an increased risk of grade II-III complications [odds ratio = 2.866 (95% CI: 1.307-6.283), p-value = 0.009]. Hospital stay increased in patients with complications (p= 0.0064). Conclusions: Use of Clavien-Dindo classification shows that parotidectomy is followed by a high rate of perioperative complications. Longer hospital stay is observed in patients with perioperative complications. Almost all complications are minor and have limited consequence on hospital stay.
Clinical Features of Iris Cysts in Long-Term Follow-Up.
Authors: Konopińska Joanna , Lisowski Łukasz , Mariak Zofia , Obuchowska Iwona
Published: December 2020

Study evaluates the characteristics and clinical course of patients with iris cysts in the long term of follow-up (24-48 months). We analyzed retrospectively the medical records of 39 patients with iris cysts (27 female and 12 male). Age, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), slit-lamp evaluation, and ultrasound biomicroscopy images were assessed. The mean age at diagnosis was 40.6±17.48 years. 30 (76.9%) cysts were peripheral, 5 (12.8%) cysts located at the pupillary margin, 2 (5.1%) cysts were midzonal and 2 (5.1%) multichamber cysts extended from the periphery to the pupillary margin. 23 (59%) cysts were in the lower temporal quadrant, 11 (28.2%) cysts in the lower nasal quadrant, and 5 (12.8%) cysts in the upper nasal quadrant. Cyst size was positively correlated with the age of the patients (rs = 0.38, p = 0.003) and negatively correlated with visual acuity (rs = -0.42, p = 0.014). No cyst growth was documented. The only complication was an increase in IOP in 3 (7.7%) patients with multiple cysts. The anatomical location of cysts cannot differentiate them from solid tumors. The vast majority of cysts are asymptomatic, do not increase in size, and do not require treatment in long-term follow-up.