bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Irisin
Authors: Tang Lin , Yu Bei , Liao Yongmei , Long Siqi , Yan Haoxiang , He Qingqing , Li Changqiang
Published: May 2024

Background:

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Many factors are involved in the occurrence of acne. It has been confirmed that some adipokines play an important role in the development of AV. Irisin is a novel adipokine, which is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, liver, and fat. It improves insulin resistance (IR) by inducing the browning of white adipose tissue, increasing heat production and energy expenditure.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of serum irisin as an adipokine to explore its function in the pathogenesis of AV and its correlation with IR, and whether it can be used as a potential biomarker of insulin sensitivity. Although the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp remains the gold standard for accurate determination of IR, it cannot be performed routinely. Various alternative simpler measures have been used, the most common being homeostasis model assessment. However, these metrics are limited by their accuracy, cost, and blood collection requirements.[1] Therefore, an effective and feasible serum biomarker is an attractive and relatively straightforward method, which may provide clinicians with a more accurate and simple method for the prediction and diagnosis of IR. IR can often be detected before other symptoms appear, so establishing an early diagnosis method will allow for the appropriate treatment of patients before the disease develops.

Patients and Methods:

The study included 171 subjects; 115 patients with newly diagnosed AV and 56 apparently healthy subjects. The contents of irisin and interleukin-1 alpha in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IR index was calculated by the homeostasis model.

Results:

Serum irisin levels in AV patients and control group were (24.0 ± 11.3) and (104.3 ± 27.0) ng/dl, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.001). Serum irisin was negatively correlated with IR (r = −0.711, P 0.001). The sensitivity of irisin was 100.0%, the specificity was 92.8%, and the cutoff point was 53.32. The decrease of serum irisin level could predict the patients with IR in acne.

Conclusion:

Serum irisin levels in AV patients were significantly decreased. Serum irisin showed acceptable performance criteria in the diagnosis of AV with IR. Serum irisin seems to be a good diagnostic and prognostic marker for IR. Further multi-center studies are needed to confirm this link, which could pave the way for new treatment options.
A Study of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions and their Association with Autoimmune Diseases at a Tertiary Centre in South-West Rajasthan, India
Authors: Rana Shweta , Gupta Kalpana , Agarwal Nidheesh , Ahamed Ahamed Noor Mqnsoon
Published: May 2024

Background:

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) comprise about 30% of all adverse drug reactions and observed in 2–3% of hospitalized patients by wide variety of offending agents.

Aims:

To study the clinical patterns, causative drugs and their association with autoimmune diseases in CADR patients.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 174 CADR patients who presented to the dermatology OPD over a period of 18 months (1 July 2015 to 31 Dec 2016) were considered for the study. Detailed history, clinical examination, hematological, and biochemical investigations were recorded. The venereal disease research laboratory test, HIV (ELISA), and histopathological examination were done wherever indicated.

Results:

The mean age of the patients with cutaneous drug eruptions was 40.2 years. Most of them (31.0%) were in the age group of 41–50 years. There were 93 (53.4%) males and 81 (46.5%) females with the M:F ratio of 1.5:1. The most common eruption observed was maculopapular rash in 33.3% followed by fixed drug eruption (17.2%) and lichenoid dermatitis' (11.5%). The drugs most commonly responsible for CADRs were antimicrobials (n = 68, 39%) with fixed dose combination of fluoroquinolones with nitroimidazoles (n = 42). We also noticed that a total of 42 patients out of 174 had comorbities in the form of diabetes (n = 27, 15.5%), hypothyroidism (n = 9, 5.1%), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 3, 1.7%), vitiligo (n = 2, 1.1%), and SLE (n = 1, 0.5%).

Conclusion:

Cutaneous ADR patterns and the drugs causing various reactions are changing every year, which may be because of the introduction of newer molecules and changing trends in the use of drugs. In our study, a significant relation of CADRs with autoimmune diseases (P value = 0.004) was also observed.
A Cross Sectional Survey for Dermatoses in Children and Adolescents Residing in Orphanages in Urban Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Palanivel Nirmaladevi , Govardhanan Vijaikumar Manikka , Moorthi Soundharyaa Savada , Maalik Babu A. N. M. , Kannan S. M.
Published: May 2024

Context:

Skin diseases are a major cause of public concern among underprivileged people residing in orphanages. There is a need for community-based study for dermatoses in orphanages as the literature is scarce at the national and international levels.

Aims:

For profiling of various dermatoses to generate information on general health, nutritional status, and sanitation, and to educate about personal skin hygiene and care to inmates in urban child orphanages.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 urban child orphanages in Tirunelveli city for 1 month.

Methods and Material:

A predesigned proforma was prepared and the demographic details regarding the inmates were obtained and they were screened under natural light for skin, hair, nail, and oral disorders as well as their built, nourishment, height, and weight were measured and recorded in tabulations.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistical analysis was followed for describing the prevalence of dermatoses and the age group affected which are explained in percentages and ratios.

Results:

Out of a total of 850 inmates, 93 (11%) were of 5–9 years and 757 (89%) were of 10–19 years. Among them, 330 (39%) were males and 520 (61%) were females. Overall, the inmates affected with dermatoses were 360 (42.4%) and infectious dermatoses were seen in 218 inmates (60.5%) and non-infectious dermatoses were seen in 142 inmates (39.5%). Adolescent females were more commonly affected and the commonest dermatoses observed were pediculosis capitis (13.6%) followed by acne vulgaris (8.1%) and in adolescent males, scabies (7.1%) was the commonest. No psychocutaneous disorders were encountered.

Conclusions:

Infections and infestations are common in orphanages due to a lack of awareness of personal hygiene and self-care practices. They should be given health education in order to reduce the disease burden in children living in orphanages which in turn decreases the disease burden at the community level.
Analysis of Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Moderate to Severe Psoriasis Patients Using 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Chen Zheng , Qiao Song , Zhu Qiming , Zuo Zongbao , Guo Birong
Published: May 2024

Background:

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease. The correlation between intestinal microbiota and immune-mediated diseases makes scientists pay attention to the pathogenic role of microbiota.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to identify the gut microbial composition of patients with psoriasis.

Methods:

16S rRNA gene sequencing method was used to analyse the faecal samples which was collected from 28 moderately severe psoriasis patients and 21 healthy controls and was followed by the analysing of informatics methods.

Results:

No visible differences can be observed in the diversity of gut microbiota between the psoriasis and the healthy patients, but the composition of the gut microbiota illustrate significant distinction between these two groups. At the phylum level, compared to the healthy control group, the psoriasis group shows higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05). At the genus level, unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, Romboutsia, Subdoligranulum, unidentified_Erysipelotrichaceae, Dorea were relatively less abundant in psoriasis patients, whereas Lactobacillus, Dialister were relatively more abundant in psoriasis group (all P < 0.05). LefSe analysis (linear discriminant analysis effect size) indicated that Negativicutes and Bacteroidia were potential biomarkers for psoriasis.

Conclusion:

This study identified the intestinal microecological environment of patients with psoriasis and healthy people, proving that psoriasis patients have a remarkably disturbed microbiome, and found several biomarkers of intestinal microorganisms in patients with psoriasis.
The Study of Serum Level of Interleukin-2, Interleukin-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in Stable and Progressive Vitiligo Patients from Sina Hospital in Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Ranjkesh Mohammad Reza , Partovi Mahya Rahimi , Pashazadeh Mehrdad
Published: May 2024

Background:

Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. Although the etiology of vitiligo is unknown, over the last few years, substantial data from clinical research have greatly supported the "Autoimmune theory." Vitiligo has two major forms: progressive and stable. As cytokines are important mediators of immunity, the most important of them are IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).

Objectives:

We aimed to study the serum level of IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in stable and progressive vitiligo and compared them to find a useful lab test to determine the form of vitiligo for diagnose and treatment.

Materials and Methods:

Serum IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α were done by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 40 cases of stable and progressive vitiligo.

Results:

Twenty patients had progressive vitiligo and 20 patients were stable vitiligo. In every group, there were seven male patients. Twenty-one patients had a positive family history of vitiligo and four patients had other autoimmune diseases. The average age and familial history between two groups and two genders were not meaningful. The mean serum TNF-α level was significantly higher in progressive than stable vitiligo. No significant difference was observed in the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 between stable and progressive vitiligo. The mean serum IL-6 and TNF-α had higher levels in male patients.

Conclusion:

Analysis of TNF-α levels in every age or gender can show us the type of vitiligo, stable or progressive and we can choose the best form of treatment for patients.
Diagnosis and Management of Urticaria in Indian Settings
Authors: Godse Kiran , Patil Anant , De Abhishek , Sharma Nidhi , Rajagopalan Muralidhar , Shah Bela , Tahiliani Sushil , Girdhar Mukesh , Zawar Vijay , Sangolli Prabhakar , Shankar DS Krupa , Dhar Sandipan
Published: May 2024

Urticaria is a common skin disorder. Chronic urticaria, i.e., the presence of symptoms for more than six weeks, is associated with a significant adverse impact on sleep, performance, quality of life, and financial status of the patients. Although several treatment options are available, the condition can be challenging to treat for many clinicians. Several updates have been published on the subject of urticaria and its management since the publication of an updated consensus statement in 2018 by Indian experts. The objective of this consensus statement is to summarize the updates and provide concise information, including classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Understanding and elimination of the underlying eliciting trigger are essential in all possible cases. The goal of pharmacological treatment is to provide symptomatic relief. Second-generation nonsedating H1 antihistamine continue to be recommended as the first-line treatment, the dose of which can be increased up to four times in patients not responding satisfactorily, in the second step. The role of omalizumab, cyclosporine, H2 antihistamines, and other options is also discussed.
Efficacy and Safety of Adding Low-Dose Isotretinoin to Itraconazole in the Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Dermatophytosis among Sample of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Alhamdi Dooha K. , Alhamdi Khalil I.
Published: May 2024

Background:

An increasing number of dermatophytosis is seen now in daily clinical practice, with unusual presentations, running a chronic recurrent course and seems to be more resistant to systemic and topical conventional treatments, which necessitate the use of other treatment options that help to cure these challenging clinical conditions such as isotretinoin along with itraconazole.

Objectives and Aim:

This is a prospective randomised open-label therapeutic comparative clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of low-dose isotretinoin along with itraconazole to treat and reduce the recurrence of this distressing chronic recurrent dermatophytosis.

Methods:

Eighty-one patients with chronic recurrent dermatophytosis with positive mycological examination were recruited, all of them received itraconazole for 7 days per month for 2 consecutive months duration; half of them were randomly chosen to receive low-dose isotretinoin every other day for 2 months in addition to itraconazole. All patients were followed up at monthly intervals for 6 months.

Results:

The patients who received isotretinoin along with itraconazole showed earlier and complete clearance in 97.5% with a significantly low recurrence rate (12.8%) in comparison with those who received itraconazole alone where the cure rate was relatively slower reported in 53.7% of the patients with a relapse rate of 68.1% with no significant side effects.

Conclusion:

Low-dose isotretinoin with itraconazole seems to be safe, effective and promising choice in the treatment of chronic recurrent dermatophytosis as it induced earlier complete cure with a significant reduction of recurrence rate.
Assessment of the Efficacy and Safety of 30% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid Peeling for Papulopustular Rosacea Treatment
Authors: Xu Linghui , Yao Boxin , Xu Tianxing , Huang Huang
Published: May 2024

Background:

Thirty per cent supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) is a water-soluble, sustained release salicylic acid (SA) modality, which is well tolerated by sensitive skin. Anti-inflammatory therapy plays an important role in papulopustular rosacea (PPR) treatment. SSA at a 30% concentration has a natural antiinflammatory property.

Aims:

This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of 30% SSA peeling for PPR treatment.

Methods:

Sixty PPR patients were randomly divided into two groups: SSA group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases). Patients of the SSA group were treated with 30% SSA peeling three times every 3 weeks. Patients in both groups were instructed to topically apply 0.75% metronidazole gel twice daily. Transdermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and erythema index were assessed after 9 weeks.

Results:

Fifty-eight patients completed the study. The improvement of erythema index in the SSA group was significantly better than that in the control group. No significant difference was found in terms of TEWL between the two groups. The content of skin hydration in both the groups increased, but there was no statistical significance. No severe adverse events were observed in both the groups.

Conclusion:

SSA can significantly improve the erythema index and overall appearance of skin in rosacea patients. It has a good therapeutic effect, good tolerance and high safety.
Serum Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (sICAM-1)
Authors: Mustafa Amany Ibrahim , Ebrahim Adel Ali , Abel Halim Waleed Abdel Lateef , Fawzy Eman , Abdou Ahmed Fathy
Published: May 2024

Background:

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a vital adhesion molecule mediating cellular adhesion during the inflammatory process.

Aims and Objectives:

To evaluate serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) level in AV patients as an attempt to elucidate its role in acne pathogenesis and to relate with studied clinical parameters.

Materials and Methods:

Serum sICAM-1 level was measured using ELISA technique in 60 patients and 60 controls.

Results:

Serum sICAM-1 level was significantly elevated in studied patients than controls (P < 0.001). Additionally, its level increased significantly with increased acne severity (P < 0.001) but not in patients with post acne scars (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Serum sICAM-1 could be a marker for acne etiopathogenesis. Furthermore, it might be considered as a predictor for disease severity.
Procedural Dermatology during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sinha Anwita , Neema Shekhar , Vasudevan Biju
Published: May 2024

The Corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed unprecedented challenges on the healthcare system including the specialty of dermatology. Procedural dermatology being an integral part of the specialty has also been profoundly affected where all elective and cosmetic procedures are presently being deferred, giving priority only to urgent and inescapable dermatologic procedures to curb down the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in hospitals. With no certainty as to when the pandemic is going to end, procedural dermatology will be resumed in times to come, which must be taken up with cautious precautions. Dermatosurgeons must formulate protocols, restructure their facilities, and implement stringent measures with the aim to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, providing, at the same time, essential surgical care to patients. This review highlights the salient precautions to be observed in a dermatosurgery facility based on the current recommendations. The situation, however, remains fluid and as the pandemic is evolving, dermatosurgeons should remain vigilant and acquaint themselves with the latest guidelines.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Methotrexate Versus PUVA in Severe Chronic Stable Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Banerjee Saikat , Das Suchibrata , Roy Alok K , Ghoshal Loknath
Published: May 2024

Background:

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated, debilitating skin disease affecting approximately 2%–3% of the global population. Various treatment modalities are available for extensive psoriasis which include methotrexate, cyclosporine, retinoids, oral PUVA therapy, and biologic agents.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of methotrexate vs. PUVA in severe chronic plaque psoriasis with BSA >20%.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized open-label clinical study was performed. Sixty patients with extensive stable plaque psoriasis were recruited in the study. Thirty patients received methotrexate at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg up to a maximum of 15 mg/week and the rest 30 were treated by PUVA, 8-methoxy psoralen tablet (20 mg) followed by UVA started at the dose of 1 j/cm2 thrice weekly with an increment of 20% dose every third sitting until 2.5 j/cm2 is reached. Both forms of treatment were continued for 10 weeks or until PASI 90 achieved, which-ever was earlier. Clinical examination, blood investigation, PASI scoring, and photograph were repeated in serial intervals during the study. At the end of study, the data were compiled, tabulated, and analyzed.

Result:

In the PUVA group, 90% achieved PASI-50 and 63.33% achieved PASI-90, in the methotrexate group all patients achieved both PASI-50 and PASI-90. Methotrexate acted significantly faster than PUVA in disease clearance. In the methotrexate group decreased platelet count in 13.33% patients, decreased hemoglobin (<10 gm/dl), elevated liver enzyme, each of these developed in 10% of patients. In the PUVA group, no serious side effects were observed.

Conclusions:

Methotrexate is more efficacious with lesser incidence of subjective complications and more incidence of laboratory complications compared to PUVA in extensive plaque psoriasis.
Clinico-Epidemiology and Histopathologic Spectrum of Primary Scarring Alopecia
Authors: Sardar Souvik , Sarkar Somenath , Podder Indrashis , Banerjee Gautam
Published: May 2024

Background:

Primary scarring alopecias (PSAs) are a rare group of dermatological disorders with overlapping clinical features. They result in permanent hair loss and significant psychological morbidity.

Aims:

To analyze the clinico-epidemiology of PSAs of the scalp, along with clinico-pathological correlation.

Methods:

We conducted a cross sectional, observational study including 53 histopathologically confirmed cases of PSA. Clinico-demographic parameters, hair care practices, and histologic characteristics were noted and statistically analyzed.

Results:

Among 53 patients (mean age 30.9 ± 8.1 years, M: F 1:1.2, median duration 4 years) with PSA, lichen planopilaris (LPP) was most common (39.6%, 21/53), followed by pseudopelade of Brocq [30.2%, 16/53], discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) [16.9%, 9/53], and non-specific scarring alopecia (SA) (7.5%, 4/53), while central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), folliculitis decalvans, and acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) accounted for 1 case each. Forty-seven patients (88.7%) demonstrated predominant lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate, while basal cell degeneration and follicular plugging were the commonest histological changes. Perifollicular erythema and dermal mucin deposition were noted in all patients with DLE (both P < 0.05). Nail involvement (P = 0.004) and mucosal involvement (P = 0.8) were more common in LPP. Single alopecic patches were characteristic of DLE and CCCA. Hair care practices (non-medicated shampoo > oil) had no significant association with the subtype of PSA. (P = 0.4)

Conclusion:

PSAs are a diagnostic challenge for dermatologists. Thus, histology and clinico-pathological correlation should be performed in all cases for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Clinical Spectrum of Cutaneous Malignancies in Central India
Authors: Supekar Bhagyashree Babanrao , Tomar Suyash Singh , Wankhade Vaishali H. , Bhushan Ravi , Singh Rajesh Pratap , Bhat Dharitri Mukund
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Cutaneous malignancies account for 1%–2% of all the diagnosed cancers in India. Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) include basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Others include melanoma, cutaneous lymphomas, and sarcomas. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays is the most important risk factor associated with skin malignancies, although various other factors are also implicated.

Aims and Objectives:

The aims of this work were to study clinical spectrum with age and sex distribution of cutaneous malignancies and metastasis; to study clinicopathological variants of each type of cutaneous malignancies; and to study the risk factors associated with cutaneous malignancies.

Patients and Methods:

It was a retrospective analysis of clinically and biopsy proven cases of cutaneous malignancies from January 1, 2016 to January 31, 2018. Medical records of patients were assessed with respect to demographic information, clinical examination, dermoscopy, and histopathology. Statistical analysis was done using mean, proportion, and percentage.

Results:

Sixty-six cases with cutaneous malignancies were recruited. There was female preponderance. The most common age group affected was 60–70 years. BCC was the most common malignancy (41%) followed by SCC (30%), malignant melanoma (9%), and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (1.5%). Head and neck was the most common site involved. The most common clinical type of both BCC and SCC was the nodular type. Acral lentiginous was the most frequent subtype of melanoma reported. The most common predisposing for NMSCs was prolonged sun exposure (46%).

Conclusion:

This study highlights an increasing trend of NMSCs with female preponderance. Head and neck is the most common site involved. Increased risk of NMSCs is seen with increased sun exposure and predisposed genetic conditions. T-cell lymphoma was common than B-cell type. The most common internal malignancy to cause cutaneous metastasis was breast carcinoma.
Clinical Effects of BNT162b2 Vaccine on the Short-Term Course of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Patients
Authors: Tuzer Can , Sezer Suat
Published: May 2024

Background:

The clinical effects of Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; BNT162b2) vaccine on the clinical course of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is unclear.

Aims and Objectives:

To evaluate the clinical effects of BNT162b2 vaccine on the clinical course of CSU.

Methods:

In this study, 90 CSU patients vaccinated with one or two repeated doses of BNT162b2 vaccine were included. Urticaria Activity Score over 28 days (UAS28), Urticaria Control Test (UCT), Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL), and Medication Scores (MSs) were obtained before the vaccination, 28 days after the first and, if available, after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory features were compared between the subjects with exacerbated (group A) and non-exacerbated (group B) disease activity.

Results:

Among the 90 study participants, 14 (15.5%) experienced exacerbations in their urticarial activity after the first or repeated doses of BNT162b2 vaccinations. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory features were similar between the exacerbated and non-exacerbated CSU patients. However, the rate of adverse reactions within 48 hours, such as hives, injection site reactions and wheals lasting <1 hour, were significantly higher in group A than in group B (P = 0.004, P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.018).

Conclusions:

BNT162b2 vaccination caused an exacerbation in 15.5% of CSU patients during the short-term follow-up. The long-term evaluation can be informative about the lasting effects of BNT162b2 vaccine on the clinical course of CSU patients.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: Vaishampayan Sanjeev S. , Bhati Surendra Singh , Lachhiramani Radha R. , Shrivastava Shivank , Jain Prateek , Raghuwanshi Ajay Singh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Many a times while treating dermatoses conventional therapies are either contraindicated or not effective. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a good alternative available to tide over crises.

Method:

Over the last 15 years of my practice I have used IVIg in various severe or recalcitrant diseases (including TEN, autoimmune blistering disease, connective tissue disorders, chronic urticaria etc) which were either unresponsive to conventional modality of therapy or primary therapy could not be given because of co-morbidities.

Result:

IVIg a sterile, highly purified preparation containing more than 95% unmodified IgG, was first approved by FDA in 1981 for 6 diseases. As mentioned above in many circumstances we reached a situation when either conventional primary therapy was contraindicated or patients were not responding. IVIg came to our rescue in large number of conditions to tide over the crisis and also created the environment leading to conventional therapy becoming effective. Very few minor side effects like low grade fever and myalgia were observed in very few cases. No serious or severe side effects were seen, however, one has to be prepared for anaphylactic reaction which is a theoretical possibility.

Conclusion:

It can be said that IVIg though not a magic drug, is a very effective tool available in the armamentarium of Dermatologists to treat plethora of chronic and intractable dermatoses.
Patch Testing as a Corroborative and Diagnostic Tool in Patients Suspected of Contact Allergen Induced Facial Melanosis
Authors: Ghuse Vedant M. , Someshwar Shylaja
Published: May 2024

Background:

Hypermelanosis involving predominantly the face and neck is relatively common and often presents a complex diagnostic problem.

Objective:

To study the patterns of facial melanosis in Indian skin and assess the importance of patch testing as a corroborative tool in the diagnosis of facial melanosis.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 50 patients who consented to the study and satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were incorporated in the study. These patients were subjected to a detailed history, clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological evaluation. Patch testing using the universal series, cosmetic series, and photopatch was done on those who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Suspected allergen "as is" patch testing was done in selected cases.

Results:

Facial melanosis as a result of contact dermatitis is a common entity and was seen in the age group of 18–70 years in both the sexes with male to female ratio of 6.5:2.5 indicating a male preponderance. The most common dermoscopic finding was the presence of reticular pigment network seen in 33 (66%) cases. Histopathology showed increased basal melanin in 56% and pigment incontinence in 26% of the cases. The commonest allergen in men was found to be potassium dichromate (15%), while in females it was nickel (20%). Photopatch test was done for all the patients and was positive in five cases (10%). Suspected allergen "as is" patch testing was negative in all the cases.

Conclusions:

Facial melanosis as a result of contact dermatitis can be confused with other acquired dermatological conditions causing hyperpigmentation. Therefore, a detailed history of contact with allergens has to be elicited, and if found relevant, has to be confirmed by patch testing.
Remembering Karl Gustav Theodor Simon (1810–1857)
Authors: Tsirozoglou Konstantinos , Shihada Amir , Georgakopoulos Panagiotis , Mavrommatis Evaggelos
Published: May 2024

Karl Gustav Theodor Simon is considered as the founder of dermatopathology, because for the first time in modern times he beds the bases of the microscopical examination of the cutaneous diseases. He worked in Berlin as a private physician, general practitioner, especially for the poor patients, continuing his research in pathology and focusing on the cutaneous diseases, in which the use of the microscope had a central role. During his medical career, he achieved to be acknowledged as one of the most important figures in the treatment of cutaneous diseases and to be included among the best dermatologists and venerologists at the time worldwide.
Case of Olmsted Syndrome with Essential Thrombocytosis Misdiagnosed as Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
Authors: Demir Filiz Topaloğlu , Çaytemel Ceyda , Caf Nazlı , Türkoğlu Zafer , Ayer Mesut , Büyükbabani Nesimi
Published: May 2024

Olmsted syndrome is a rare genodermatosis. Palmoplantar keratoderma and periorificial keratodermic plaques are the most important clinical findings. Additional findings associated with a large number of systems may accompany such as teeth, nail deformities, alopecia, mental retardation, and bone–joint anomalies. Therefore, it is difficult to make a differential diagnosis from other palmoplantar keratodermas. It also needs to be differentiated from acrodermatitis enteropathica because of periorificial plaques. The absence of regression in lesions with zinc treatment excludes this disease. We present here an Olmsted syndrome case with essential thrombocytosis for the first time.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Chung Minh G. , Preda-Naumescu Ana , Yusuf Nabiha
Published: May 2024

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the formation of nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts with tunnels that primarily involves the skin folds. HS affects approximately 1% of the population, but its pathogenesis is unclear. Dysbiosis of skin microbiome is a major cause of HS and alterations of microbiome composition and diversity can be seen in the skin of patients with HS. These disruptions may contribute to the immune dysfunction seen in HS. Understanding these alterations and their contributions to the pathogenesis of HS could help guide future treatment. In addition to dysbiosis promoting immune dysregulation, HS may promote dysbiosis via differences in expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In this review, we have discussed the role of skin and gut microbiome in manifestation of HS and the consequences of dysbiosis on the immune system.
Development of Novel Topical Anti-Acne Cream Containing Postbiotics for Mild-to-Moderate Acne
Authors: Cui Hongchang , Feng Congrui , Guo Chaoqun , Duan Zhi
Published: May 2024

Background:

Acne is one of the most common skin diseases in adolescents and results in high healthcare costs and psychological burdens severely affecting individuals. Treatments other than contraceptives, antibiotics, and photodynamic therapies are needed to prevent and/or improve acne's onset and evolution.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a fermentation lysate of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VHProbi® V22 in ameliorating acne.

Methods:

An anti-acne skincare cream containing fermentation culture lysate was applied to subjects with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris for 4 weeks. The assessments were evaluated based on instrumental measurements using Visia®-CR and CK-MPA® systems.

Results and Conclusions:

The anti-acne skincare cream was found to be safe and not cause any irritation. Significant improvements in the acne lesion proportion (P < 0.01), transepidermal water loss (P < 0.001), and sebum secretion (P < 0.05) were observed in comparison to the baseline in the subjects. The analysis of the statistical data after 4 weeks of treatment showed a positive decrease in skin tone, stratum corneum hydration, and superficial pH without statistical significance, compared with the baseline. The results of this study suggest that the topical application of the anti-acne skincare cream was effective and safe in subjects with mild-to-moderate acne and could represent an optional complement for acne treatments.
Elevation of Serum SSCCAII in Cutaneous and Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Mikhael Nancy W , El latif Walid Abd , Elhabak Doaa M
Published: May 2024

Context:

Lichen planus (LP) is an immune mediated inflammatory condition. SCCAII is a useful biomarker reflecting Th17 type inflammation. It is also a tumour marker, especially for Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) Mechanism of carcinogenesis in LP is still unknown. Chronic inflammation may facilitate the development of cellular clones in the epidermis.

Aims:

Estimation of serum level of SCCA II in patients with cutaneous and oral LP (OLP) to detect its role in LP pathogenesis, and to reveal the missing link in understanding mechanism of carcinogenesis in LP.

Methods and Material:

A case control study, where 100 subjects were included; 80 LP patients (40 cutaneous & 40 oral) and 20 apparently healthy controls. We obtained an informed written consent from each subject prior the participation. Cutaneous and oral LP were diagnosed clinically, SCCA II level was measured by ELISA technique.

Statistical analysis used:

Statistical analysis was done using SPSS vs.25. (IBM, Armonk, New York, United states). Numerical data was summarized as means and standard deviations or medians and ranges.

Results:

Median SSCCAII level was significantly higher in LP cases compared to controls (P < 0.001) and was significantly higher in patients with OLP compared to patients with cutaneous LP (P ≤ 0.001). Post hoc analysis revealed that median SSCCAII was significantly higher in patients with ulcerative type compared to both reticular type and others. It was also significantly higher in patients with actinic type compared to both hypertrophic type and classic type. Median SSCCAII was significantly higher in patients with ulcerative OLP compared to actinic LP (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Our study revealed that serum SCCAII level was higher in patients with cutaneous and OLP. This might be linked to the pathogenesis of LP, especially actinic and erosive OLP. SCCAII level could facilitate the screening and early detection of patients at risk, a potential alarm to launch accurate assessment and continue follow up of cutaneous as well as O LP patients.
Postsurgical Transient Hypertrichosis Around Healing Wound After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Vathananai Wipawan , Lekhavat Chinmanat
Published: May 2024

Hypertrichosis is a condition characterized by the presence of an abnormal increase in the number of hairs and either occurs in a localized pattern or a generalized pattern. Localized hypertrichosis around a healing wound is an infrequent postsurgical complication. A 60-year-old Asian man came for a consultation because of an increase in the amount of hair around his 2-month postsurgical wound of right knee arthroplasty. Neither history of topical medications nor systemic medications, which can cause hypertrichosis, were presented. A diagnosis of postsurgical hypertrichosis was made clinically without any laboratory investigations. The patient was reassured that the medication was not necessary and he was appointed for follow-ups. Within the next 4 months, the hypertrichosis resolved spontaneously without any treatment. The case demonstrates the correlation between wound healing and hair morphogenesis, especially as both processes involve some similar growth factors and signaling molecules. Further studies might lead to discovery and better management of hair disorders.
Ingrown Toenail Treated by the Modified Howard–Dubois Technique
Authors: Tian Jia , Chen Zhenbing , Li Jin
Published: May 2024

Background:

According to the Mozena classification system, stage IIb and stage III ingrown toenail cases are considered as severe ones; however, limited options are available for treatment.

Aims:

To lower the recurrence rate and achieve primary intention healing in severe ingrown toenail cases by the modified Howard–Dubois technique.

Methods:

Forty patients were included in this study. In this procedure, a fish-mouth like soft tissue along the nail groove to the tip of the toe was resected, the upper surface of the distal phalanx was flattened and the nail bed matrix was remodelled. The European Quality of Life (EuroQol) questionnaire and Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to assess the outcomes.

Results:

There were no recurrences observed during the follow-up period. Healing time from surgery to back to school or work was 10.82 days on an average (range: 7–23 days). According to the results of EuroQol questionnaire, improvements were achieved in the areas of mobility (50%), looking after myself (10%), doing usual activities (35%), having pain or discomfort (95%) and feeling worried, sad, or unhappy (55%). According to the results of Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire, 38 (95%) patients indicated that they would undergo the surgery again if they 'had to do it all over again' and 36 (90%) patients said that they would recommend the procedure to others.

Conclusions:

This modified Howard–Dubois technique was an effective, safe and cosmetic alternation for the treatment of ingrown toenail in severe or relapsed cases.
Do Platelet Count and mean Platelet Volume have a Predictive Role as a Marker in Children with Atopic Dermatitis?
Authors: Akcal Omer , Taskırdı İlke
Published: May 2024

Background:

It is known that platelets play an important role in inflammatory diseases. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, itchy, recurrent inflammatory skin disease that affects 2%-30% of the population, especially in childhood.

Aims:

We investigated the role of platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) as biomarkers in children with AD.

Methods:

This cross-sectional retrospective study examined the medical reports of patients who were referred to the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Outpatient Clinic of the Medical Faculty Hospital, Istanbul Biruni University and the Pediatric Immunology and Allergy Diseases Outpatient Clinics of the Izmir S.B.U Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, for AD. A total of 167 children with AD and 170 healthy children were included in the study.

Results:

Among all participants, 36.5% (n = 61) and 31.8% (n = 54) were female in the patient and control groups, respectively. The mean age was 2.8 ± 2.8 and 3.3 ± 2.5 years in the patient and control groups, respectively. MPV was statistically significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (P =0.003). Mean platelet to neutrophil ratio and mean absolute lymphocyte count values were significantly higher in the patient group (P <.0001 for both values). However, the mean absolute neutrophil count was lower in the patient group than in the control group and it was considered statistically significant (P <.0001).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, we found significantly higher platelet counts in patients with AD. The decrease in the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio rate was remarkable. However, there was no significant difference in the MPV values between the patient and control groups.
Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Namazi Nastaran , Ariaeenejad Shahram , Azad Mitra Esmailii , Pishgahi Mehdi
Published: May 2024

Background:

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare immunobullous disease with a higher mortality rate than the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate P-wave duration and P-wave dispersion (PWD) in patients with PV as predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Materials and Methods:

In this case-control study, the risk of AF development was determined by measuring maximum and minimum P-wave duration (P-max and P-min) and PWD in 45 PV patients and 45 healthy individuals. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated.

Results:

PWD and P-max values of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group. No difference was observed between PWD with regards to disease duration and disease phenotype (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in PV patients compared with the control group.

Conclusion:

PWD and P-max, which are accepted as risk factors for AF development, were found to be higher in PV patients. Some components of metabolic syndrome were more prevalent in PV patients. It seems that there is an increased risk of CVD and AF in PV patients.
Contact Sensitization to Allergens of Biological Origin from the Compositae Family and Original Extracts of Ubiquitous Weed Plants of Vojvodina among Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Authors: Ljuba Vujanović , Sanja Jakovljević , Zoran Golušin , Olivera Levakov
Published: May 2024

Background:

The use of alternative treatment methods, particularly medicinal herbs from the family Compositae, significantly contributes to the increase in the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis among patients with chronic venous insufficiency.

Objective:

Estimating frequency of contact sensitization among patients with chronic venous insufficiency and determining the most common contact sensitizers from the series of bio-origin allergens from the Compositae family and ubiquitous weeds of Vojvodina.

Materials and Methods:

The total number of 266 patients with suspected contact dermatitis was divided into two groups: the experimental group consisted of patients with chronic venous insufficiency (EG), and the control group consisted of patients without chronic venous insufficiency (CG). All subjects were tested with allergens of biological origin from the family Compositae, screening allergen SL-mix and original extracts of ubiquitous weed plants of Vojvodina.

Results:

Patch test revealed a positive reaction to allergens of the Compositae family in 6.69% in the experimental group, and in 4.17% in the control group. The standardized response rate to the SL-mix in the experimental group was 2.07%, while in the control group, it was 1.51%. The presence of a positive reaction to at least one extract of ubiquitous weed plants of Vojvodina was determined in 6.11% in the experimental group, and in 3.23% of patients in the control group. No statistically significant difference in response rates was found between the examined groups.

Conclusions:

Establishing the diagnosis of Compositae dermatitis can be supplemented by additional testing with weed plant extracts from a specific geographical area, resulting in the detection of novel unknown allergens.
Skin and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Fatima Farhat , Das Anupam , Kumar Piyush , Datta Debatri
Published: May 2024

Metabolic syndrome is currently considered to be a global epidemic, causing a significant increase in the cost of health care, apart from deteriorating the quality of life. Skin serves as a mirror of underlying metabolic sinister. Various dermatological conditions like psoriasis, acanthosis nigricans, lichen planus, acne vulgaris, acrochordons, atopic dermatitis, etc. have been reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome. We hereby present an evidence-based review of the various dermatological conditions and their association with the development of metabolic syndrome.
The Difference in Expression of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Lesional and Perilesional Skin in Adult Patients with Active and Stable Generalized Vitiligo—A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Yu Haiyan , Lin Xiaoxia , Huang Yaoyao , Cheng Hao , Seifert Oliver
Published: May 2024

Background:

Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis and is essential for cell survival and cell death. Dysfunction of autophagy has been described in many autoimmune diseases but data on vitiligo are scarce.

Aims:

The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the expression of autophagy-related proteins in patients with vitiligo.

Methods:

Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3II/I), autophagy-related gene 5 (Agt5), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p62 in lesional and perilesional vitiligo skin from seven patients with active generalized vitiligo and nine patients with stable generalized vitiligo compared to control skin from six healthy subjects.

Results:

Our data showed increased expression of the autophagy marker LC3II/I and decreased p62 protein expression in lesional skin of active and stable vitiligo compared to control skin (P < 0.01). No significant difference in the expression of LC3II/I and p62 was found in perilesional skin of active vitiligo patients (P > 0.05) compared to control skin. Expression of LC3II/I in stable vitiligo lesional skin was higher and p62 expression was lower compared to active vitiligo lesional skin (P < 0.01). Decreased p62 expression was shown in perilesional skin of stable vitiligo patients (P < 0.05). Agt5 protein in lesional and perilesional skin of both active and stable vitiligo patients were increased (P < 0.01 and P< 0.05) compared to control skin. The expression of mTOR protein in lesional and perilesional skin of active and stable vitiligo patients was significantly lower than in control skin (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

The present study indicates increased autophagy in lesional skin in vitiligo patients. Stable vitiligo lesional skin showed increased autophagy compared to active vitiligo lesional skin. Missing activation of autophagy in active vitiligo perilesional skin suggests disturbed autophagy to be associated with vitiligo.