bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelvic Stress Fractures Following Resection and Reconstruction of Pelvis Tumours—An Observational Study
Authors: Saad Ahmed , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Kurisunkal Vineet , Parry Michael , Botchu Rajesh
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims:

Pelvic bone tumours are rare, with a guarded prognosis despite advances in radiological imaging and surgical techniques. Despite this, limb salvage surgery has become the mainstay treatment for patients presenting with primary bone sarcomas, especially those with low histological grade variants. However, the rate of peri-operative-associated complications remains high in the form of local recurrence and surgical site infections (SSI).

Objective:

We highlight our experience from a tertiary referral oncology centre of incidence and clinical and radiological features, as well as discuss the risk factors for developing pelvic stress fractures (PSFs) in patients treated with hemipelvis resection.

Materials and Methods:

We performed a retrospective search from our radiology and oncology database at our tertiary orthopaedic oncology referral centre for patients referred, diagnosed and managed for stress fractures following an internal hemipelvectomy for pelvic tumours/Sarcoma through the service between 2007 and 2019. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, complementary imaging, clinical management outcome and peri-operative complications were documented. A focussed evaluation of patients diagnosed and managed for PSFs in patients treated with hemipelvis resection.

Results:

We identified a total of six patients with stress fractures following internal hemipelvectomy. The sacrum was the most common anatomical region ( n = 3). Other areas identified with insufficiency stress fractures included the ischium and femoral neck. Conclusion: Stress fractures post pelvis resection and reconstruction is a rare complication. Radiologists and orthopaedic oncology surgeons need to be aware of this complication to aid with an early diagnosis and initiate appropriate management.
Detectable Concentrations With Inhaled Tobramycin in Critically Ill Infants and Children Following Implementation of Standardized Protocol
Authors: Johnson Peter N. , Chang Eugenie , Cormack Emily , Hornaday Kaley , Neely Stephen B. , Ranallo Courtney , Chaaban Hala , Garcia-Contreras Lucila , Miller Jamie L.
Published: September 2024

Background:

A protocol was established for ventilator-associated tracheitis or pneumonia using inhaled tobramycin 300 mg every 12 hours in mechanically ventilated children via a vibrating mesh nebulizer, 30 cm from the endotracheal tube in the inspiratory loop of the mechanical ventilator.

Objectives:

The primary objective was to determine the incidence of detectable tobramycin trough concentrations >0.5 µg/mL. Secondary objectives included a comparison of clinical characteristics between those with and without detectable concentrations and identification of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) as defined by the Kidney Diseases Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria.

Methods:

This was a single-center retrospective study of critically ill children <18 years without cystic fibrosis receiving inhaled tobramycin between July 1, 2016, and August 31, 2021. Data collection included demographics, tobramycin regimen, and renal function. Analysis was performed using SAS 9.4, with a P-value <0.05, and a multivariable regression model was performed to identify factors for detectable concentrations and AKI.

Results:

Forty-four patients (66 courses) were included, with an overall age of 0.83 years. Thirty (68%) patients had detectable concentrations and 9 (20.5%) developed AKI. No significant differences in demographics, diagnosis, mechanical ventilation settings, and number of nephrotoxins were noted between those with and without detectable concentrations or AKI. Multivariable regressions did not identify factors associated with detectable concentrations or AKI.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Detectable concentrations occurred with the majority of courses, with AKI associated with approximately one-fourth of courses. Clinicians should consider utilizing trough monitoring for all mechanically ventilated critically ill children receiving inhaled tobramycin.
Characterization of Ganciclovir Dosing for the Management of Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Receiving Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis
Authors: Zhang Jinfan Aaron , Brown Paula , Harrison Jennifer , Battistella Marisa
Published: September 2024

Background:

The optimal dosing of intravenous ganciclovir in patients receiving sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) remains unclear.

Objective:

The primary objective is to characterize the dosing of ganciclovir for treating and preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients receiving SLED. The secondary objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the dosing practices described in this study.

Methods:

Retrospective review of electronic medical records from solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) admitted to the Medical Surgical Intensive Care Unit at the Toronto General Hospital (TGH) between November 28, 2016, and September 1, 2021, was conducted. Patients concurrently receiving ganciclovir and SLED were included.

Results:

Among the 27 encounters for CMV prevention, 18 patients underwent 8-hour SLED, 6 underwent 24-hour SLED, and 3 received other SLED durations. Most patients (80%) on 8-hour SLED began ganciclovir at 2.5 mg/kg/d, whereas 80% of those on 24-hour SLED started at 5 mg/kg/d. No breakthrough viremia occurred at 5 mg/kg/d, with 1 instance at 2.5 mg/kg/d. Cytopenia rates were higher at 5 mg/kg/d (33% vs 20%). For treatment (n = 20), 16 patients underwent 8-hour SLED, 2 underwent 24-hour SLED, and 2 underwent 12-hour SLED. Most (75%) on 8-hour SLED started at 2.5 mg/kg/d, whereas all on 24-hour SLED began at 5 mg/kg/d. Viral eradication rates were 75% and 60% at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg/d, respectively, with higher cytopenia rates at 5 mg/kg/d (37.5% vs 0%). Dose adjustments were primarily in response to refractory disease or cytopenia.

Conclusion and Relevance:

At our institution, ganciclovir dosing patterns suggest that for patients requiring 8-hour SLED, there is clinician comfort in using 2.5 mg/kg/d for prevention and 5 mg/kg/d for treatment. In 24-hour SLED, 5 mg/kg/d may be considered for prevention. Higher doses may be considered for CMV treatment; however, we found greater variability in the dosing practices for these patients. Further research with larger sample sizes and ganciclovir drug-level assessments is needed to optimize dosing strategies for CMV treatment.
Jesus Is Lord of the Old Testament: Retrieving YHWH Christology
Authors: Wilhite David E.
Published: October 2024

Instead of assuming that Old Testament theophanies depict the Father (as is the case with so many modern Christian readings), most ancient Christians assumed the “Lord” appearing in the scriptures is the preincarnate Son. This approach to reading the scriptures, known as YHWH Christology, is outright rejected by Marcion, explicitly championed by Justin Martyr, and heavily nuanced by Augustine of Hippo. In reviewing their respective approaches, YHWH Christology comes into clearer view, along with its potential problems. This approach is then tested with cases from the New Testament to see the precedent for YHWH Christology provided by at least some of the biblical authors, followed by a few thoughts on the implications of retrieving this hermeneutic.
Extra-Skeletal Osteosarcoma of the Prostate After Treated Prostatic Acinar Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: García Carmen Rodríguez , Soler David Ramos , Andrés Asunción Torregrosa , Ardavín Javier Pérez , Rubio Martínez Luis A. , Segura Francisco Giner
Published: October 2024

Extra-skeletal osteosarcoma is a rare form of malignant soft tissue sarcoma. Its occurrence in the prostate gland is particularly uncommon. In this case report, we present a patient diagnosed with osteosarcoma arising within the prostatic gland. A 58-year-old man was initially diagnosed with Gleason 8 prostate acinar adenocarcinoma following a transurethral resection (TUR) of the prostate. This diagnosis was accompanied by locoregional involvement and multiple bone metastases. The patient underwent a treatment regimen including complete androgen blockade, chemotherapy, greenlight laser prostate vaporization, and palliative radiotherapy. After treatment, he achieved a complete biochemical response, and his bone metastases remained stable. However, at 16 months post-diagnosis, clinical follow-up by means of radiological examinations revealed an increase in the size of the prostatic lesion, along with additional infiltration of the tumor into the rectum and bladder walls. Remarkably, a mesenchymal tumor proliferation with intratumor calcifications was observed. A subsequent TUR biopsy of the prostate showed a malignant tumor spindle and ovoid cell proliferation with high-grade nuclear atypia, necrosis, and islets of osteoid formation, leading to a final diagnosis of high-grade prostatic extra-skeletal osteosarcoma. Despite undergoing chemotherapy, the patient's condition progressed with the development of pulmonary and liver metastases, culminating in his demise.
Perceptions of Academic Performance, Impairment, and Mental Health in University Students With and Without ADHD
Authors: Stewart Christian M. , Master Allison , Mire Sarah S. , Hassett Kristen S. , Smith Bradley H.
Published: September 2024

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the impact of positive illusory bias (PIB) on the relationship between ADHD symptoms and functioning in college students, with a focus on gender differences.

Method:

The sample consisted of 195 college students, including 148 with ADHD and 47 without ADHD. Measures of ADHD symptomatology, life satisfaction, affect, gender identity, and impairment were collected, along with cumulative grade point average.

Results:

ADHD symptomatology was inversely linked to subjective well-being, with PIB acting as a significant moderator. Functional impairment was predicted by ADHD symptoms and subjective well-being, while social impairment and academic functioning were predicted by PIB and well-being. Significant gender differences were found, particularly in the interaction between PIB and ADHD symptoms for non-binary individuals.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that PIB is relevant for emerging adults with ADHD enrolled in higher education. Subjective well-being and PIB act as buffers against the detrimental functional and social effects of ADHD symptoms in emerging adult college students. The study highlights the importance of considering gender-specific approaches in understanding and supporting the mental health of this population.
Understanding Potential Mechanisms of Vaping Prevention Messages: A Mediation Analysis of the Real Cost Campaign Advertisements
Authors: Kieu Talia , Ma Haijing , Rohde Jacob A. , Gottfredson O’Shea Nisha , Hall Marissa G. , Brewer Noel T. , Noar Seth M.
Published: September 2024

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed a public education campaign, The Real Cost, that reduced youth susceptibility to tobacco product use. We sought to identify the mechanisms that may underlie the impact of The Real Cost ads on susceptibility to vaping to inform youth tobacco prevention campaigns. Our online randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04836455) examined a large sample of U.S. adolescents ( n = 1,348) who had multiple exposures to Real Cost ads or control videos over a 3-week period in 2021. To examine potential mediating pathways between The Real Cost ads and susceptibility to vaping, we examined theory-based psychosocial and message-related variables. The largest impact of The Real Cost ads on susceptibility was via more negative attitudes toward vaping (βa*βb = −0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−0.25, −0.06]). Other mediation paths were via improved health harm risk beliefs (βa*βb = −0.08; 95% CI = [−0.13, −0.04]), addiction risk beliefs (βa*βb = −0.04; 95% CI = [−0.06, −0.01]), injunctive norms against vaping (βa*βb = −0.05; 95% CI = [−0.09, −0.02]), negative affect (βa*βb = −0.05; 95% CI = [−0.08, −0.02]), and cognitive elaboration (βa*βb = −0.03; 95% CI = [−0.05, −0.003]). Our findings suggest that ads that target negative attitudes may decrease susceptibility to vaping among youth. Our findings also introduce normative pressure as a novel factor that may be important for vaping prevention messages.
Improving Soil Quality and Crop Yields Using Enhancing Sustainable Rice Straw Management Through Microbial Enzyme Treatments
Authors: Dinh Van-Phuc , Tran-Vu Hoai-An , Tran Thanh , Duong Bich-Ngoc , Dang-Thi Ngoc-Mai , Phan-Van Hoai-Luan , Tran Tuan-Kiet , Huynh Van-Hieu , Nguyen Thi-Phuong-Tu , Nguyen Thanh Q
Published: September 2024

This study develops a model to raise public awareness about the consequences of burning rice straw after harvest, including environmental pollution, soil degradation, and increased CO2 emissions that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The distinctive feature of the research is the introduction of a post-harvest rice straw treatment process using microbial products capable of secreting cellulase enzymes, which can break down the cellulose in the straw. This process shortens the decomposition time and produces natural organic fertilizer, thus reducing cultivation costs by 60% and increasing crop yields by 20%. The experimental model was carried out in Cam My district, Dong Nai province, Vietnam, including 4 models: no microbial products; using Bio Decomposer; using NTT-01; and using NTT-02. Each experimental field had an area of 650 m². The results showed a significant reduction in straw decomposition time after 14 days of use of the products, with a decomposition rate of up to 80%, nearly twice as fast as without the products. This helps save time, produce natural organic fertilizers, reduce care costs, and increase rice yields, resulting in more income for local residents. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of microbial treatments in sustainable agriculture and their potential for a broader application in the management of agricultural waste.
Metabolomic Alteration in Adipose Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Deficient Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Yan Lin , Rust Bret M , Sundaram Sneha , Nielsen Forrest H
Published: September 2024

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), a small inducible cytokine, is involved in obesity-related chronic disorders. Adipocytes produce MCP-1 that is elevated in obese humans and in rodent models of obesity. This study examined the hepatic metabolomic alterations caused by adipose-specific MCP-1 deficiency in a rodent model of obesity. Wide-type (WT) and adipose-specific Mcp-1 knockdown mice ( Mcp-1-/-) were each assigned randomly to 2 groups and fed the standard AIN93G diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Compared to the AIN93G diet, the HFD increased body weight, body fat mass, and plasma concentrations of insulin and leptin, regardless of genotype. There were no differences in these variables between WT and Mcp-1-/- mice when they were fed the same diet. Eighty-seven of 172 identified metabolites met the criteria for metabolomic comparisons among the 4 groups. Thirty-nine metabolites differed significantly between the 2 dietary treatments and 15 differed when Mcp-1-/- mice were compared to WT mice. The metabolites that significantly differed in both comparisons included those involved in amino acid, energy, lipid, nucleotide, and vitamin metabolism. Network analysis found that both HFD and adipose Mcp-1 knockdown may considerably impact amino acid metabolism as evidenced by alteration in the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways, in addition to alteration in the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway in Mcp-1-/- mice. However, decreased signals of amino acid metabolites in mice fed the HFD and increased signals of amino acid metabolites in Mcp-1-/- mice indicate that HFD may have down-regulated and adipose Mcp-1 knockdown may have up-regulated amino acid metabolism.
One-Year Prognosis Difference of Myocardial Infarction With or Without Coronary Obstruction in Developing Countries: Insights From the Moroccan Experience
Authors: Bouchlarhem Amine , Merimi Ihssane , Bazid Zakaria , ismaili Nabila , El ouafi Noha
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The debate remains open as to the difference in prevalence of mortality and occurrence of acute events in patients with Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and others with Myocardial infarction with coronary arteries disease (MI-CAD).

Methods:

We conducted a 2-year retrospective study for patients admitted for Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to analyze the clinical and prognostic characteristics of patients with MINOCA versus MI-CAD. We defined 1-year all-cause mortality as the primary outcome, and the secondary outcome as a composite of 1-year readmission for myocardial infarction or acute heart failure (AHF).

Results:

Our study included 1077 patients, 95.3% with MI-CAD and 4.7% with MINOCA. At admission, 71.1% patient were diagnosed STEMI and 28.9% with NSTEMI. The difference between the 2 groups was found on age ( P < .001), hypertension, diabetes with consecutive P-values of .007 and .001, as well as Ejection fraction ( P < .001). For the outcomes studied, the difference was significant between the 2 groups for all events, and MINOCA patients had a better prognosis than MI-CAD patients, with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for 1-year mortality (HR = 0.601 P = .004), for readmission for ACS (HR = 0.662; P = .002) and for readmission for AHF (HR = 0.539; P = .019).

Conclusion:

Despite the ambiguity in the genesis of MINOCA, the short- and long-term prognosis of these patients remains generally favorable.
Warpage: Causes, manufacturing processes and future challenges: A review
Authors: Coca-Gonzalez Manuel , Jimenez-Martinez Moises
Published: October 2024

Currently, in the manufacturing industry, there are many different component manufacturing processes. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. One phenomenon present in some processes is known as warpage. Essentially, warpage is unwanted deformation in a component caused by internal stresses, thermal variations, uneven cooling of the part, the presence of moisture or the release of residual stresses in the material. Although it is a common problem in some engineering fields, it occurs mainly in processes such as injection moulding, compression moulding and 3D printing. There are different measurement and mitigation techniques that are adapted to each process. This paper discusses the causes of the phenomenon and current and future mitigation techniques. Additionally, an overview of upcoming techniques aimed at fully mitigating and measuring this phenomenon in real time during manufacturing processes is presented.
Muslim youth collective amnesia of US government-inflicted violence against Muslims in the War on Terror
Authors: Bayan Razan M. , Klein Bradley J.
Published: October 2024

Evidence suggests that incidents of US government-inflicted violence against Muslims are absent from the post-9/11 generation of Muslims’ collective memory. To examine and confirm this collective amnesia, young Muslim American adults were nationally surveyed and interviewed on their knowledge of the Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib detention centers. In total, 100 survey responses were collected and 5 interviews were conducted to examine the extent and formation of the Muslim American youth’s collective perception of Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib. While nearly all participants displayed awareness of the 9/11 attacks, a significant number of them were unaware of Guantanamo Bay, and most of them were unaware of Abu Ghraib. This study reveals a potential generational gap in the collective memory of Muslim Americans, the individual-level perception of post-9/11 violence against Muslims amongst young Muslim Americans, and new topics for future directions as outlined in the conclusion. It also argues that the absence of Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib from young Muslims’ collective memory of the War on Terror (WOT) creates an image of Muslims being the perpetrators of violence and never victims, making it impossible for young Muslims to break out of the dominant frame of memory of 9/11 and its aftermath.
Deformation measurement of aero-engine rotating twisted blade based on multi-vision overlapping area feature registration method
Authors: Sun Chuanzhi , Wu Huilin , Li Zelin , Mei Yingjie , Liu Yongmeng , Zou Limin , Tan Jiubin
Published: September 2024

Due to the complexity of the spatial surface of the twisted blade of the aero-engine, there are occlusions and shadows between the blades, resulting in visual blind spots. This causes the loss of certain information in the deformation measurement of twisted blade. A deformation measurement method of rotating twisted blades based on multi-vision overlapping area feature registration is proposed. It aims to solve the problem of limited field of view (FOV) in the deformation measurement of twisted blade, and overcome the problems of small measurement range and difficult measurement of traditional contact sensor method in the rotating state of the blade. First, a calibration and image-matching method based on multi-vision digital image correlation method is proposed. Under the premise of ensuring the simultaneous calibration of multi-vision camera stereo calibration, the matching of image detection points on the twisted blade surface is realized. Second, a three-dimensional reconstruction method based on the feature registration of the overlapping area of the FOV is proposed. It is used to solve the problem that the traditional image stitching method is prone to mismatching and to provide complete point cloud information for the deformation field calculation. Finally, the strain of each point is solved by piecewise point-by-point fitting of the local subdomains of the discrete displacement data, which suppresses the amplification of noise and improves the accuracy of blade strain calculation. In this paper, the deformation measurement experiment is carried out for the rotating twisted blade (up to 6000 rpm). The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve a displacement measurement accuracy of 5 μm and the strain measurement accuracy of 50 με. This method can provide an important guarantee for the accurate evaluation and safe operation of the key performance parameters of the engine.
Development of Transverse Cracking in Cross-Ply Laminates During Tensile Static and Fatigue Tests
Authors: Berthelot J.-M. , Mahi A. El , Leblond P. , Carre J.-F. Le
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the development of transverse cracking of cross-ply laminates, subjected to uniaxial tensile loading. The development differs according to quasi-static tests or fatigue tests. The two type of tests are considered. In the case of quasi-static tests, the investigation of transverse cracking is reduced to a two-dimensional analysis and can be implemented by an analytical model. The problem is more complex in the case of fatigue tests. However, the previous analytical model can be extended in this case.
The Rural Youth Public Health Summit: A Pilot Pathway Program for Rural Adolescents
Authors: Speece Cody L. I. , Waple Madison L. , Cox Dannon G.
Published: September 2024

There is a pressing need to increase the health care and public health workforce in rural communities across the United States. In Colorado, many of the rural communities are medically underserved, lacking resources and employment prospects to appropriately address the health needs of its communities. A potential strategy to address these medically underserved areas and the public health workforce shortage is to develop pathway programs for rural adolescents into health-related careers. The Rural Youth Public Health Summit (Summit) was a pilot pathway program for rural secondary school students hosted at a 4-year public university. The planning and formation of the Summit were done through the collaboration of school administration and teachers, university faculty and staff, educational non-profits, and health care and public health professionals. The Summit’s goals were to increase awareness and interest in public health careers and to further partnerships between a university and rural secondary schools. Participants included 22 secondary school students and 10 chaperones from rural schools. Throughout the 2-day Summit, participants engaged in campus tours, a keynote speaker, workshops facilitated by faculty and public health professionals, and an overnight stay in the dorms. Despite some limitations, the Summit showed promising results as a pilot program in its ability to conduct planning, outreach, recruitment, and facilitation of a pathway program to connect rural adolescents to college education and career opportunities in public health.
Compensating for Angiographic Underestimation With Oversized Balloon Angioplasty in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia and Occluded Below-the-Knee Vessels
Authors: Teymen Burak , Emin Öner Mehmet , Erdağ Yiğit
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Our study aims to determine optimal sizing of below-the-knee (BTK) artery angioplasty without intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), compensating for conventional angiography underestimation by selecting a balloon size one size larger than the 1-to-1 angiographic sizing.

Materials and Methods:

Our study is a retrospective, single-center study. Patients were separated into 2 groups as over and angiographic reference group which the over group is larger balloon diameter selection (0.5-mm larger balloon diameter selection), and angiographic reference group is 1-to-1 balloon diameter selection by angiographic images. Primary end point was the target vessel reocclusion, whereas major and minor amputation was the secondary end point.

Results:

Eighty-four patients with occluded BTK lesions treated with balloon angioplasty (Opt=43, Over=41). Primary patency was 62.8% at 12 months in angiographic reference group and 82.9% in over group (p=0.039). Amputation rate at 1-year follow-up was 9.8% in angiographic reference group and 16.3% in over group (p=0.382). TLR rate is 4.9% in over group versus 20.9% in angiographic reference group (20.9%) at 1-year follow-up (p=0.029).

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates that oversizing the balloon diameter by one size larger in BTK artery angioplasty, guided by conventional angiography, results in a higher patency rate and a lower target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate, while amputation rate remains statistically similar between the 2 groups.

Clinical Impact

Our study highlights the importance of compensating for conventional angiography’s underestimation in BTK artery angioplasty by using a balloon size one size larger than the 1-to-1 angiographic sizing. Our findings demonstrate that oversizing the balloon leads to significantly higher patency rates and lower TLR rates, with no increase in amputation risk. This approach provides a practical, cost-effective solution for clinicians performing angioplasty without IVUS, allowing for better vessel treatment and outcomes in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Clinicians can implement this strategy to optimize long-term results in BTK interventions.
Predicting Long-Term Outcome of Prolonged Disorder of Consciousness in Children Through Machine Learning Based on Conventional Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zheng Helin , Ding Shuang , Chen Ningning , Huang Zhongxin , Tian Lu , Li Hao , Wang Longlun , Li Tingsong , Cai Jinhua
Published: September 2024

Background

The prognosis of prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC) in children has consistently posed a formidable challenge in clinical decision-making.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model based on conventional structural magnetic resonance imaging (csMRI) to predict outcomes in children with pDoC.

Methods

A total of 196 children with pDoC were included in this study. Based on the consciousness states 1 year after brain injury, the children were categorized into either the favorable prognosis group or the poor prognosis group. They were then randomly assigned to the training set (n = 138) or the test set (n = 58). Semi-quantitative visual assessments of brain csMRI were conducted and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression was used to identify significant features predicting outcomes. Based on the selected features, support vector machine (SVM), random forests (RF), and logistic regression (LR) were used to develop csMRI, clinical, and csMRI-clinical-merge models, respectively. Finally, the performances of all models were evaluated.

Results

Seven csMRI features and 4 clinical features were identified as important predictors of consciousness recovery. All models achieved satisfactory prognostic performances (all areas under the curve [AUCs] >0.70). Notably, the csMRI model developed using the SVM exhibited the best performance, with an AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.851, 0.845, 0.844, and 0.846, respectively.

Conclusions:

A csMRI-based prediction model for the prognosis of children with pDoC was developed, showing potential to predict recovery of consciousness 1 year after brain injury and is worth popularizing in clinical practice.
Aluminum panel vibration reduction using single lead zirconate titanate and resonant circuit
Authors: Noh Hee-Min
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to reduce the vibration of an aluminum plate using a single lead zirconate titanate (PZT) electrical circuit. First, the natural frequencies and modes of the aluminum plate were analyzed using an analytical method to determine the dynamic characteristics of the plate. The frequency domain was used to derive the vibration characteristics of the acoustically excited aluminum plate. It was noted that the resonance region where the vibration of the panel increased rapidly was at 390 Hz, which was then set as the reduction target. Thereafter, the vibration reduction performances of the circuit that connects only the resistance element to the PZT panel and the resonant circuit that uses an inductor were compared. Through actual acoustic excitation, the vibration reduction of the aluminum panel using the PZT panel based on resistance and resonance circuits was validated. The results demonstrated that the vibration in the resonant frequency region of 384 Hz was reduced by 20% through the implementation of a resonant circuit, comprising an inductor and a resistor, added to a single PZT, whose weight was 0.08% of the weight of the aluminum panel. Therefore, this study confirmed that the vibration of aluminum plates can be effectively reduced using a low-weight PZT patch.
Study of the influence of cutting parameters on tool wear and the state of the machined surface
Authors: Bloul Benattia , Chanal Hélène , Meziane Merzouk
Published: September 2024

This work presents a study of wear on the clearance face of turning tools. This study will contribute to the development of improved machining precision and efficiency while extending tool life and also ensuring the surface quality produced, despite wear and edge deposition phenomena. A tool flank wear model is developed as a function of the cutting conditions, including the cutting speed, depth of cut, feed rate, and machining time. Factors influencing tool clearance face wear are determined through experimental testing. We also investigate the edge phenomenon reported on the tool cutting face by plotting a curve of the edge variation versus the machining time. Tool wear and built-up edge phenomena both affect the quality of the surface finish produced. Additionally, the edge phenomenon degrades the geometric quality of the tool and generates wear on the tool clearance face. Therefore, models are developed to aid in selection of appropriate cutting conditions that ensure the expected surface finish is realized while also providing control over tool wear. Overall, this method combines experimental and theoretical approaches to study and control turning tool wear with the aim of improving both machining quality and efficiency.
Efficiency enhancement of bicycle anti-lock braking systems (ABS): Design and optimization of solenoid actuators through finite element analysis and performance simulation
Authors: Cheng Chin-Yi , Saputra Ilham , Shi Chen-En , Wang Chih-Hsing
Published: September 2024

The rising popularity of cycling underscores the need for enhanced safety, particularly under challenging braking conditions. This study introduces a novel high-power switch valve designed explicitly for Bicycle Hydraulic Disc Brakes (BHDBs), incorporating Hydraulic Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS). Comprehensive Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling and subsequent optimization of an existing solenoid valve’s internal geometry were performed through 2D and 3D simulations to evaluate magnetic flux. The improved design achieved a maximum output force of 280 N with a linear stroke of approximately 3.5 mm. Notably, the enhanced system exhibited a 28% reduction in required current, from 5.0 to 3.6 A, a result validated through LabVIEW-equipped custom tests, which stress the credibility of the research. This study underscores significant advancements in high-power switch valves for BHDBs, promising enhanced braking efficiency and safety in high-performance, battery-powered bicycles. These findings not only promise enhanced safety for cyclists but also suggest the potential for broader application in energy-efficient and sustainable bicycle ABS technology, contributing to improved cyclist safety without compromising the environmental and health benefits of cycling. The potential impact of this research extends beyond the immediate context, offering insights that could be applied to other areas of technology and safety.
A model of racing kayak surge motion a numerical approach with realistic oscillating propulsion forces
Authors: Juhl Jonas Østergaard , de Zee Mark , Klitgaard Kent
Published: September 2024

This study presents a novel forward dynamics model of racing kayak surge motion. The model, driven by adjustable oscillating propulsion forces, replicates true paddle stroke forces. It is based on Newton’s second law of motion, with the net force comprising of propulsion force, skin friction drag, wave-making drag, form drag, and air drag. The total mass includes the kayak, paddler, and added mass. The fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is used to solve for speed and distance. The model incorporates a unique hull formulation for wetted surface area estimation, Michell’s integral for wave-making drag, and a log wind profile with allometric scaling for air drag. It accounts for varying stature height, body mass, kayak dimensions, wind speed, and stroke propulsion profiles. The model is a significant advancement in its domain, with broad applicability for the future. It aligns with existing data and analyses, but validation data is limited.
A public value-based model to understand patients’ adoption of eHealth: Theoretical underpinnings and empirical application
Authors: Alhur Mohammad , Caamaño-Alegre José , Reyes-Santias Francisco
Published: October 2024

Objective

The main objective of this study is to develop an eHealth adoption model based on patients’ perceptions of public value dimensions and empirically apply the model to understand the adoption of a governmental health app by Jordanian patients. The study attempts to contribute to overcoming the narrow focus of contemporary theories such as UTAUT and, ultimately, to designing more effective implementation strategies in order to address the current delays in global eHealth adoption.

Methods

We conducted a quantitative survey of 430 Jordanian patients, utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) to process the empirical data. Specifically, we applied an SEM two-step approach that involved (a) evaluating the model-data fit through a review of the measurement model(s) and common method bias; and (b) analyzing the structural model.

Results

Our findings confirm that the proposed patients’ value scale is valid and reliable. Its five dimensions (hedonistic motivation, utilitarian motivation, social value, ethical public value, and public trust value) significantly correlate with patients’ public value, and the latter directly affects their use of eHealth apps, with habits mediating this relationship. Among the dimensions, hedonistic motivations tend to be prioritized over utilitarian ones. Ethical and trust values also play an essential role, particularly in how health technology handles patients’ data and upholds their dignity and self-esteem.

Conclusions

This study highlights the holistic nature of eHealth adoption by patients and the crucial role of public values in their use behavior. It provides useful insights for policymakers and developers.
Community Based Rehabilitation in People With Lower Limb Amputation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zárate Rueda Ruth , López Gualdrón Clara Isabel , Beltrán Villamizar Yolima Ivonne
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to identify the intervention components, key actors and models of social innovation that can contribute to the improvement of health rehabilitation services from a biopsychosocial perspective, aimed at people with lower limb amputation in a situation of disability. Likewise, it aims to analyze the ways in which Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) facilitates the elimination of barriers in rehabilitation services and promotes a better quality of life for people with disabilities. A systematic review of scientific literature for the period 2001 to 2019 was carried out, starting with a bibliometric analysis of publications found in the Web of Science and Scopus databases; followed by content analysis with NVivo 12 software. Among the findings, it was identified that the optimization of health services for the population with disabilities in emerging countries requires investment and training. In addition, the success and deficiencies in CBR programs were analyzed, since according to the systematic review, these are limited to the care of people with lower limb amputation in contexts of armed conflict.
Insights Into Child Abuse and Neglect in the Washington DC, Maryland, and Virginia (DMV) Area: Evidence and Opportunities
Authors: Alrimawi Intima , Bettini Elizabeth , Taylor Clishia , Saifan Ahmad Rajeh , Al-Yateem Nabeel
Published: September 2024

Child abuse and neglect (CAN) significantly impact health, the economy, and society. This narrative review examines CAN in the Washington DC, Maryland, and Virginia (DMV) region, comparing it with national and international levels. The review highlights high CAN rates in the DMV, driven by factors such as socioeconomic status, parental substance abuse, and child vulnerabilities. Screening and reporting challenges, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, impede accurate data collection. This review emphasizes the need for standardized reporting mechanisms, economic investment in public health, and intersectoral collaboration. It recommends targeted support for at-risk families, specialized care for vulnerable children, and the development of predictive screening tools. Continuous research on regional and cultural factors and the pandemic’s impact is crucial for future resilience. Addressing CAN requires a comprehensive approach involving prevention, early detection, intervention, and policy reform to safeguard the well-being of children.
India’s Security and Climate Policy: Navigating the China Challenge
Authors: Prys-Hansen Miriam , Kaack Simon
Published: October 2024

In a world rich in climate knowledge but short on climate action, it is important to understand the political reasons behind the apparent failure of states to address this planetary crisis. One underexplored dimension of this phenomenon is the impact of broader geopolitics and rivalry, in specific the ability and willingness of potential and actual security and economic rivals to leave their contention at the gates of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This article focuses on India’s multifaceted approach to its ‘China challenge’ with and outside the climate regime. While conventional scholarship focuses on the security and economic dimensions of this rivalry, this study offers a distinct perspective that examines whether this rivalry might lead to a breakdown of cooperation and an increased potential for conflict and weaponisation of seemingly disconnected issue areas. Drawing on a comprehensive triangulation of policy documents, government statements and scholarly literature, this article evaluates the domestic and international factors shaping India’s climate-related China policies, including the countries’ unique economic ambitions, development imperatives, energy needs and global climate commitments. Furthermore, the article examines Sino-Indian interactions in international arenas such as the UNFCCC and Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS), and how these interactions influence global climate governance.
How employee voice influences supervisors’ performance ratings: The role of supervisors’ implicit followership theories
Authors: Straßhöfer Bianca
Published: September 2024

Research on employee voice has highlighted the potential consequences for individuals and organizations when speaking up to supervisors. Literature shows that employee voice influences employees’ performance ratings. Nevertheless, these findings are inconsistent, providing evidence for the influence of moderating effects on this relationship. This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between employee voice and supervisors’ performance rating by taking into consideration supervisors’ implicit followership theories. To test the moderation effect of supervisors’ implicit followership theories, this study uses an experimental design and a German sample of professional accountants ( n = 183). The results show that employee voice affects supervisors’ performance ratings positively and that this relationship is moderated by supervisors’ negative implicit followership theories. When supervisors have negative implicit followership theories they rate employees better in their performance. The study provides insights into supervisors’ responses to employee voice and the influence of implicit assumptions that supervisors have about followers.
Understanding ADHD-related stigma: A gender analysis of young adult and key stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Visser Marlies J , Peters Ruth MH , Luman Marjolein
Published: October 2024

Few studies have qualitatively explored the beliefs, attitudes and behaviours underlying stigma related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from the perspective of various key stakeholders, with limited attention to gender. This study explores key perspectives and experiences of young adults with ADHD on ADHD-related stigma across the lifespan. It includes additional insights from key stakeholders to elucidate these themes and examines gendered differences in descriptions provided by young adult men and women with ADHD. Seven focus group discussions engaged 24 respondents, including 14 young adults with ADHD, three parents of seven children with ADHD, four mental health professionals and three primary school teachers. Thematic content analysis revealed overarching themes encompassing overt and subtle stereotypes and prejudice: (a) rejection of ADHD; (b) ADHD as a deficit, with subthemes of blame and negative characteristics; and (c) misconceptions, with subthemes of stereotyping and trivialising ADHD. Discriminatory behaviours and individual impacts encompassed a lack of understanding and appropriate support, facilitating negative self-concept. Gendered nuances appeared in theme descriptions. Young adult women reported scepticism, delayed diagnosis, altered identity development, masking and loneliness, whereas young adult men reported rejection, internalised negative attributions, nondisclosure and limited help-seeking behaviours. Our study contributes a new perspective to the qualitative ADHD-related stigma literature by suggesting gendered patterns as a reinforcing cycle.
High-dose IV ascorbic acid therapy for patients with CCUS with TET2 mutations
Authors: Xie Zhuoer , Fernandez Jenna , Lasho Terra , Finke Christy , Amundson Michelle , McCullough Kristen B. , LaPlant Betsy R. , Mangaonkar Abhishek A. , Gangat Naseema , Reichard Kaaren K. , Elliott Michelle , Witzig Thomas E. , Patnaik Mrinal M.
Published: October 2024

This phase 2 trial assessed high-dose IV ascorbic acid in TET2 mutant clonal cytopenia. Eight of 10 patients were eligible for response assessment, with no responses at week 20 by International Working Group Myelodysplasia Syndromes/Neoplasms criteria. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03418038.
Collaborative Optimization of a Matrix Manufacturing System Based on Overall Equipment Effectiveness
Authors: Pei Fengque , Liu Jianhua , Zhuang Cunbo , Zheng Liang , Zhang Jiapeng
Published: September 2024

When several traditional flow-shop lines operate in parallel, the operation mode with no communication between production lines will no longer be the optimal production paradigm. This paper describes matrix manufacturing systems (MMS) in a general manner from the perspective of related works, comparing different manufacturing organizational forms and their characteristics. Subsequently, MMS are extracted during the parallel production of multiple surface mount technology (SMT) lines. An overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) online calculation model and a collaborative optimization method are proposed based on the OEE of the MMS. The innovative idea of this study is to divide existing multiple parallel SMT lines into MMS. The efficiency of each matrix unit (MU) was calculated, and a collaborative optimization method was proposed based on an indicator (OEE). In this paper, an example of eight SMT lines is presented. The partitioning of MUs, OEE calculation of each MU, and the low OEE unit collaborative optimization method are described in detail. Through a case study, the architecture of the collaborative optimization model for the MMS was constructed and discussed. Finally, the improvement in the OEE proved the effectiveness and usability of the proposed architecture.
ScRNAbox: empowering single-cell RNA sequencing on high performance computing systems
Authors: Thomas Rhalena A. , Fiorini Michael R. , Amiri Saeid , Fon Edward A. , Farhan Sali M. K.
Published: October 2024

Background

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) offers powerful insights, but the surge in sample sizes demands more computational power than local workstations can provide. Consequently, high-performance computing (HPC) systems have become imperative. Existing web apps designed to analyze scRNAseq data lack scalability and integration capabilities, while analysis packages demand coding expertise, hindering accessibility.

Results

In response, we introduce scRNAbox, an innovative scRNAseq analysis pipeline meticulously crafted for HPC systems. This end-to-end solution, executed via the SLURM workload manager, efficiently processes raw data from standard and Hashtag samples. It incorporates quality control filtering, sample integration, clustering, cluster annotation tools, and facilitates cell type-specific differential gene expression analysis between two groups. We demonstrate the application of scRNAbox by analyzing two publicly available datasets.

Conclusion

ScRNAbox is a comprehensive end-to-end pipeline designed to streamline the processing and analysis of scRNAseq data. By responding to the pressing demand for a user-friendly, HPC solution, scRNAbox bridges the gap between the growing computational demands of scRNAseq analysis and the coding expertise required to meet them.