bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Post-marketing Centralized Monitoring of clinical safety of Naoxintong Capsules in 7345 patients
Authors: Li Chunxiao , Ling Xiao , Chen Yuhuan , Li Xuelin , Tang Jinfa , Zhang Hui , Xu Tao , Jin Yantao , Zhang Bo
Published: May 2022

Background: Naoxintong Capsules (NXT), a type of preparation for long-term oral administration in the clinic, is mainly used for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, and stroke. However, currently, there are no reliable clinical data on NXT safety assessment.Aim: To evaluate the frequency and categories of the adverse drug reaction (ADR) of NXT in clinical application in China and analyze the factors related to ADR incidence.Methods: A total of 7345 inpatients and outpatients from 14 hospitals in China who were orally administrated with NXT between January 2018 and December 2018 were followed up at least once. The monitored items mainly included gender, age, nationality, BMI, personal drug and food allergy history and family allergy history, patients' disease types, NXT medication, and the occurrence, characteristics, and recovery of ADR. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of ADR.Results: The incidence of ADR was 3.44‰, and gastrointestinal system damage was the most common adverse reaction. All ADRs were mild or moderate. Most ADRs (86.36%) occurred within 4 weeks after administration, while in 81.82% of patients who continuously took NXT, ADRs improved or were fully resolved. There were no indicators related to the significant increase of ADR risk.Conclusion: NXT was well tolerated in the general population. The hospital centralized monitoring research method, which was established based on data from the Hospital Information System and Web-tracking follow-up system, is necessary to carry out the safety research study for post-marketing of traditional Chinese medicines.Trial registration: This protocol has international registration in the China Clinical Trials Registration Center through international registration (No. ChiCTR-OPC-17013912) on December 14, 2017.
TNFR2 antagonsitic antibody induces the death of tumor infiltrating CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Authors: He Tianzhen , Chen Yibo , Yang De , Islam Md Sahidul , Chou Chon-Kit , Liu Jiarui , Oppenheim Joost J , Chen Xin
Published: May 2022

Background
TNFR2 expression is a characteristic of highly potent immunosuppressive tumor infiltrating CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs). There is now compelling evidence that TNF through TNFR2 preferentially stimulates the activation and expansion of Tregs. We and others, therefore, proposed that targeting of TNFR2 may provide a novel strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Several studies have showed the anti-tumor effect of TNFR2 antagonistic antibody in different tumor model. However, the exact action of TNFR2 antibody on Tregs remained fully understood.
Method
TY101, an anti-murine TNFR2 antibody, was used for exmining the effect of TNFR2 blockade on Treg proliferation and viability in vitro. The role of TNFR2 on Treg viability were further validated by TNFR2 konckout mice and in TY101-treated mouse tumor model.
Results
In this study, we found that TY101, an anti-mouse TNFR2 antibody, could inhibit TNF-induced proliferative expansion of Treg, indicative of an antagonistic property. To examine the effect of TY101 on Treg viability, we treated purified Tregs with dexamethasone (Dex) which was known to induce T cell death. The result showed that TY101 treatment furhter promoted Treg death in the presence of Dex. This led us to found that TNFR2 expression was crucial for the survival of Tregs. In mouse EG7 lymphoma model, treatment with TY101 potently inhibited tumor growth, resulting in a complete regression of tumor in 60% mice. The treatment with TY101 elicited potent antitumor immune responses in this model, accompanied by enhanced death of Treg cells.
Conclusion
This study therefore provides clear experimental evidence that the anti-tumor effect of TNFR2 antagonistic antibody can promote the death of Tregs, and this effect may be attributrable to the anti-tumor effect of TNFR2 antagonistic antibody.
Next-generation sequencing assisted diagnosis of a case of leprosy misdiagnosed as erythema multiforme
Authors: Zhang Yanfang , Lei Xuezhong , Lu Jiajie
Published: May 2022

Backgroud: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, mainly transmitted through the droplets from the nose and mouth of patients with untreated leprosy. Owing to no specific serological markers and clinical manifestations, leprosy can be easily confused with other skin lesion-related diseases and is difficult to distinguish. Case presentation: This study introduces and summarises the diagnosis and treatment process of leprosy, which was misdiagnosed in the present patient as erythema multiforme for a long time. A 43-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of "repeated fever with superficial lymphadenopathy and systemic rash in May." The diagnosis of the patient was based on the two main clinical characteristics of superficial lymphadenopathy and systemic pleomorphic erythema, using a combination of multiple samples of lymph nodes and skin, routine pathological examination, immunohistochemistry, acid-fast, silver hexamine, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and second-generation gene sequencing of fresh biopsy tissue. The patient was treated with dapsone, rifampicin, and chlorphenamine at the Institute of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases. After treatment for one year, her temperature returned to normal, the area of facial erythema decreased, and the volume of axillary lymph nodes gradually decreased. Conclusions: In conclusion, special pathological staining and second-generation gene sequencing showed promising advantages in distinguishing leprosy from other skin lesion-related diseases.
Some Practical Studies on the Nature and Characteristic of Hydrogen Bonding, and the Future Perspectives: A Still Debated Fundamental Principle of Biology and Physical Sciences
Authors: Kaul Bansi
Published: May 2022

Hydrogen bonding has proved to be significantly important in all fields of physical sciences, and particularly in biology as was predicted by Nobel Laureate Linus Pauling. The nature and characteristics of hydrogen bond are, however, still being debated after almost a century of its first recognition. The paper here, provides unequivocal differentiation between covalent character and electrostatic character of the hydrogen bond, on the basis of the 15N-H spin-spin coupling in covalent bonding, and absence of any such spin-spin coupling across in the electrostatic bonding in 15N labelled compounds. Hydrogen is, therefore, definitely covalently bonded to its residence site. This NMR study also provides a direction towards gadolinium(III)-free contrast materials for MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) diagnosis, due to concerns of safety. Moreover, the paper describes reactivity and selectivity in chemical reactions, aided and abated by intramolecular hydrogen bondings, and the characterization of cis-THI and Trans-THI, a novel synthetic chromophore related to naturally occurring trichosiderins, contained in human and animal keratinic materials. Trichosiderins, derived biochemically from sulphur containing amino acids, are now finding increased interest in medicinal research due to melanoma studies.
Ultra-protective ventilation combined with V-V ECMO has a preferable therapeutic effect on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An experimental study in aged Beagle dogs
Authors: Xi Wang , Wang Anli , Zhang Yufeng , Liu Kai , Wang Jing , Le Shiguan , Cheng Pengchao , Wang Junnan , Xue Xiaofei , Yu Yue , Wang Pei , Xiao Jian , Wang Zhinong
Published: May 2022

Background To assess the optimal mechanical ventilation strategies during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) in aged dogs with severe respiratory distress syndrome.Methods Beagle dogs aged 10-12 years old were randomized assigned(n = 6 per group) to control or three different ventilation strategy groups: conventional ventilation strategy (CV) group, protective ventilation strategy (PV) group and ultra-protective ventilation strategy (UPV) group. ARDS model was established and V-V ECMO was used in all the dogs of CV, PV and UPV groups. Gas exchange data including blood partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and ventilator-induced lung injury(VILI) data including airway plateau pressure (Pplat), extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and lung compliance were continuously monitored. After continuous treatment for 24 hours, lung tissue were collected to assess the histological examination and the inflammatory factors expression.Results For VILI data, the 24-hour lung compliance of UPV group was significantly higher than CV and PV groups. Pplat and EVLWI were significantly lower in UPV group than those in the other two ventilation strategy groups. And the pathology study demonstrated that lower lung injury scores of the UPV group than the CV or the PV group. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were significantly lower in UPV group than PV and CV groups, which further confirmed the effectiveness of UPV strategy.Conclusions UPV strategy showed significant advantage on decreasing lung injury and the inflammatory responses in the aged dog of severe ARDS model supported with V-V ECMO.
Virtual reconstruction of the painting process and original colors of a color-changed Northern Wei Dynasty mural in Cave 254 of the Mogao Grottoes
Authors: Bolong Chai , Zongren Yu , Manli Sun , Zhongwei Shan , Jinli Zhao , Biwen Shui , Zhuo Wang , Yaopeng Yin , Bomin Su
Published: May 2022

The Northern Wei Dynasty (386–534 CE) murals of Cave 254 in the Mogao Grottoes, China, have been extensively affected by pigment color changes and fading. These issues severely hinder efforts to correctly understand the value and painting process of murals from this historic period. The virtual reconstruction of faded murals could help researchers gain an understanding of their pigment chemistry and painting processes in a virtual environment and provide a visual reference for conservation and art studies. However, simple virtual reconstructions may not be accurate owing to deficiencies in our understanding of the color-changed pigments and fading of image lines. In this study, a minimally invasive approach was used to elucidate the details and pigment distributions of a faded mural. Technical photography was performed to obtain infrared-reflected false color, ultraviolet-reflected false color, and ultraviolet luminescence images of the mural. Noninvasive and minimally invasive analyses were then performed on localized parts of each color-area to identify their pigments and paint stratigraphy and construct a hue–saturation–brightness color palette for these pigments. Finally, the pigment analysis results were combined with multispectral image features to determine the pigment distributions of the mural, which were then used to virtually reconstruct the original color and appearance of the faded mural under ideal conditions. This study is the first to use a virtual reconstruction based on objective analyses to simulate the original color, painting processes, and pigment stratigraphy of a mural from the Northern Wei Dynasty. A preliminary discussion of the relationship between the painting processes of the mural and color changes in its pigments was also performed. The findings of this study will provide new perspectives for the study of Northern Wei Dynasty murals.
Castor1 overexpression regulates microglia M1/M2 polarization via inhibiting mTOR pathway
Authors: Hu Huiling , Lu Xiaoxia , Liu Xiuli , He Yuqing , Duan Chaohui
Published: May 2022

Microglia are resident immune cells in the brain and are closely associated with central nervous system inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. It is known that mTOR pathway plays an important role in the polarization of microglia. Castor1 has been identified as the cytosolic arginine sensor for the mTORC1 pathway, but the role of Castor1 in microglial polarization is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the regulatory effect of Castor1 on microglial polarization and the underlying mechanism. The results demonstrated that Castor1 expression was significantly decreased in LPS and IFNγ treated microglia. Castor1 overexpression inhibited the microglia M1 polarization by reducing the expression of M1 related markers. However, microglia M2 polarization was promoted when Castor1 was overexpressed in IL-4 treated microglia. Mechanistically, Castor1 overexpression inhibited the activation of mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, after treatment with the mTOR activator MHY1485, the inhibitory effect of Castor1 overexpression on M1 polarization was attenuated, indicating that the regulation effects of Castor1 on M1 polarization was dependent on its inhibition of mTOR pathway. We propose that Castor1-mTOR signaling pathway could be considered as a potential target for treatment and intervention of central nervous system-related diseases by regulating microglia polarization.
Web security assessment and strategy optimization based on attack-defense game
Authors: Yu Wenfei , Chen Zigang
Published: May 2022

Based on game theory, we analyse the attack-defence process between penetration testers and system defenders related to web vulnerabilities, and we propose a web security assessment and strategy optimisation based on attack-defence games. First, according to the actual process of the network, we build a web attack-defence game model that considers the multiple influence parameters of web vulnerabilities on the profitability of attack and defence. These parameters include the difficulty of vulnerability exploitation and detection, the influence of vulnerability hazards, and the prevalence of vulnerabilities. In addition, we quantify the decision cost and the ability of both attack and defence subjects using the Nash equilibrium principle to obtain the best attack and defence strategies corresponding to the defender. Experiments verified the effectiveness of the model proposed in this paper, focusing on the specific impact of the different capabilities of the two parties and the different decision costs of the benefits. This can not only enhance the penetration success rate of the penetration tester but also allow the system defender to make targeted defence enhancements to the system based on the defence payoff matrix.
Enhancing very long chain fatty acid production in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Gajdoš Peter , Urbaníková Veronika , Vicenová Mária , Čertík Milan
Published: May 2022

Background
Very long chain fatty acids and their derivatives are industrially attractive compounds. The most important are behenic and erucic fatty acids which are used as lubricants, moisturizers and has potential in biofuel production. These fatty acids are conventionally obtained from plant oils. Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast with long history of gene manipulations resulting in production of industrially interesting compounds, such as organic acids, proteins, and various lipophilic molecules. It has been shown previously that it has potential for production of very long chain fatty acids enriched single cell oils.
Results
Metabolism of Y. lipolytica has been redesigned to achieve increased production of very long chain fatty acids. Effect of native diacylglycerol acyltransferases of this yeast LRO1, DGA1, and DGA2 on accumulation of very long chain fatty acids was examined. It was found that DGA1 is the only enzyme with beneficial effect. Further improvement of accumulation was achieved by increasing of 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase expression and blockage fatty acid degradation pathway. The best producing strain YL53 (Δmfe, pTEF-DGA1, 8UAS-pTEF-FAE1) produced 120 µg of very long chain fatty acids per g of produced biomass, which accounted for 34% of total fatty acids in biomass.
Conclusions
Recombinant strains of Y. lipolytica has proved to be good producers of very long chain fatty acids. Redesign of lipid metabolism pathways had positive effect on accumulation of erucic and behenic acids which are technologically attractive compounds.
In vitro anti-hepatocellular carcinogenesis of 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O- galloyl-β-D-glucose
Authors: Jiang Yuhan , Bi Jing-hui , Wu Min-rui , Ye Shi-jie , Yi Yang , Wang Hong-xun , Wang Li-mei
Published: May 2022

The main aim of this study was to explore the antitumor effects and mechanism of 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. A network pharmacology method was first used to predict the possible inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma growth by β-PGG through the p53 signaling pathway. Next, the CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate changes in the survival rate of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells treated with different concentrations of the drug; flow cytometry was used to detect changes in cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration; and real-time fluorescence quantification and immunoblotting were performed to evaluate changes in the expression of P53, BAX, and BCL-2. Results showed that the expression of P53 genes and proteins associated with the p53 signaling pathway was significantly increased by β-PGG treatment. It was found that β-PGG significantly inhibited survival of HepG2 cells, promoted apoptosis, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ concentration, upregulated P53 gene and protein expression, increased CASP3 expression, and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, this study has shown that network pharmacology can accurately predict the target of β-PGG's anti-hepatocellular carcinoma action. Moreover, it was evident that β-PGG can induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells by activating the p53 signaling pathway to achieve its anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect in vitro.
Chemistry-driven changes strongly influence climate forcing from vegetation emissions
Authors: Weber James , Archer-Nicholls Scott , Abraham Luke , Shin Youngsub Matthew , Griffiths Paul , Grosvenor Daniel , Scott Catherine , Archibald Alexander
Published: May 2022

Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) affect climate via formation of organic aerosols and their influence on cloud properties, and via atmospheric oxidation changes influencing the greenhouse gases ozone and methane. BVOCs also exhibit dependence on climate (leading to a feedback), and land use change (including afforestation/reforestation as a CO2 removal strategy). Despite recent scientific advances, there remains considerable uncertainty between model simulations in the net impact BVOCs have on climate.One contributor to this uncertainty is the description of BVOC chemistry, hitherto minimally assessed in a climate context. Using the Earth system model UKESM1 we quantify the influence of chemistry by comparing the climate response to a doubling of BVOC emissions in a pre-industrial atmosphere with standard and state-of-science chemistry mechanisms, with both using interactive oxidant fields. The net feedback from BVOCs is positive in UKESM1, regardless of the mechanism used. The negative feedback from enhanced aerosol scattering is outweighed by positive feedbacks from increases in ozone and methane, and changes to aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI). Contrary to prior studies, we show the ACI response is driven by reductions in cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) via oxidant-driven suppression of gas phase SO2 oxidation. However, with the state-of-science scheme the feedback is 43% smaller due to lower oxidant depletion yielding smaller methane increases and smaller CDNC decreases. This illustrates the significant influence of chemistry and oxidants on gas and aerosol responses to BVOC emission changes and the more complex pathways by which BVOCs influence climate than are currently recognised.
Comparative genomic analysis of Citrobacter sp. XT1-2-2 reveals insights into the molecular mechanism of microbial immobilization of heavy metals
Authors: Shan Shiping , Cheng Wei , Li Yilu , Zhang Min , Liu Zhudong , Wang Yushuang , Wei Xiaowu , Fu Zujiao , Wu Shandong , Du Dongxia , Guo Zhaohui
Published: May 2022

Background: In our previous study, Citrobacter sp. XT1-2-2 was isolated from high cadmium-contaminated soils, and demonstrated an excellent ability to decrease the bioavailability of cadmium in the soil and inhibit cadmium uptake in rice. In addition, the strain XT1-2-2 could significantly promote rice growth and increase rice biomass. Therefore, the strain XT1-2-2 shows great potential for remediation of cadmium -contaminated soils. However, the genome sequence of this organism has not been reported so far.Results: Here the basic characteristics and genetic diversity of the strain XT1-2-2 were described, together with the draft genome and comparative genomic results. The strain XT1-2-2 is 5040459 bp long with an average G + C content of 52.09%, and contains 3787 protein-coding genes and 129 RNA genes. All genes of a complete set of sulfate reduction pathway and various putative heavy metal resistance genes in the genome were identified and analyzed.Conclusions: These analytical results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of microbial immobilization of heavy metals.
Uterine fibroid characteristics and complications in early pregnancy ultrasound scan; a retrospective analytical study at RAAJ Specialist Scan in Southern Ghana
Authors: Jimah Bashiru Babatunde , Sarkodie Benjamin Dabo , Offei Asare Kwaku , Agbeno Evans Kofi , Idun Ewurama Andam , Anim Dorothea , Brakohiapa Edmund Kwakye
Published: May 2022

This study assessed the correlation between uterine fibroid characteristics and the complications of early pregnancy using ultrasound scan. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 174 women within 10weeks of gestation from November 2020 to October 2021 at a single specialist facility in Cape Coast metropolis. Patients’ age, indications, gestational age, fetal heart rate, presence of fibroids, presence of placenta, characteristics of the fibroids (size, number, location and echopattern), and early pregnancy complications. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics, Fisher exact was used to compare proportions and Pearson correlation tests to assess associations at p < 0.05. The prevalence of fibroid in early pregnancy was 31.61%. The majority of the fibroids (63.64%, 35) were intramural, located in the upper segment and often multiple but the mean size of the largest fibroids was 5.63 (SD 3.16) cm. The incidence of fetal death was higher among women without fibroids (3.36%) compared to those with fibroid (1.82%). Threatened miscarriages (2.30%), and missed abortion (2.30%) were commonest ultrasound abnormalities. There was no significant correlation between fibroid characteristics and early pregnancy complications. Ultrasound investigation of uterine fibroid is essential in early pregnancy to target treatment intervention for better fetal and maternal health outcomes.
Improving the patient-physician relationships: Tips from a qualitative study
Authors: Bagheri Masood , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Dehghani Gholamali , Ghaffarifar Saeideh
Published: May 2022

Background: Building an effective patient-physician relationship (PPR) is a vital component of successful health care; and educating and preparing students to communicate effectively with patients has always been critical. Such an education and important preparation needs to evaluate the current situation in which the communications are built. The aim of this study was to explore tips for improving PPRs in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from the perspective of patients, students and faculty members.Methods: In this qualitative content analysis study, data were gathered using focus groups, semi-structured interviews and participatory observations in the field, based on purposive and maximum variation sampling until the saturation was achieved. Content was analyzed through a thematic and manifest analysis. Standards for methodological rigor were enhanced through different strategies.Findings: Content analysis resulted in 36 tips for improving PPRs. The tips were classified at three categories (physician, patient or health system- related factors) and ten sub-categories. Physician-related factors were divided into five sub-categories including personal characteristics; communication competencies; patient-centered practice; professional collaboration and time allotted for a visit. Patient- related factors were distributed into two sub-categories:personal attributes and trust-supported attitude. Health system related factors were alienated into three sub-categories including context-related, socio-cultural and organizational factors. Conclusion: In this study, among the tips to improve the PPRs, the tips allied with physician-related factors were more frequently mentioned by participants. Given this important finding and considering the point that physician-related factors have been less studied in previous studies, interventions focused on physician-related factors are highly recommended.
“Complexity of the male perfume of Eulaema nigrita L. (Apidae: Euglossini) from forest and woody physiognomies of the Brazilian savanna: is there a relationship with body size and wing wear?”,
Authors: Castrillón Kevin Palmera , Toci Aline Theodoro , Augusto Solange Cristina
Published: May 2022

Male orchid bees (Euglossini) collect volatile and semi-volatile compounds from the environment for storage and accumulation in specialized hind legs. Later, these compounds form a perfume blend used during courtship to lure conspecific females for mating. It has been proposed that male orchid bee perfume plays an important role as a sexual signaling trait involved in pre-mating isolation of species, functioning as an indicator of male genetic quality. Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier is a common species in both forested and woody savannah physiognomies (Cerrado sensu stricto) of the Brazilian savanna biome. By identifying the chemical composition of male El. nigrita perfume, we tested for differences in the bouquet chemical profile in populations from remnants of seasonal semideciduous forest and woody savanna. In addition, we assessed the relation between perfume complexity and morphological traits associated with size and age of males. Our analysis showed a low effect of physiognomies on the differences in the perfume chemical profile of sampled males. Nevertheless, we observed significant differences in the chemical profile of individuals from two seasonal semideciduous forest remnants, which a priori suggests an environmental effect in individual bouquet. Wing wear as a morphological measure of age was positively related to perfume complexity, in agreement with the premise that fragrances from older individuals are indicators of survival capacity in male orchid bees.
A clinical classification for radiation-less monitoring of scoliosis based on deep learning of back photographs
Authors: Zhang Teng , Zhu Chuang , Zhao Yongkang , Zhao Moxin , Wang Zhihao , Song Ruoning , Meng Nan , Sial Alisha , Diwan Ashish , Liu Jun , Cheung Jason Pui Yin
Published: May 2022

Routine check-ups for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are critical to monitor progression and prescribe interventions. AIS is primarily screened via physical examination. If there are features of deformity, radiographs are necessary for diagnosis or follow-up, guiding further management, i.e., bracing for moderate deformity and surgery for severe. However, this subjects children to repetitive radiation and routine practices can be disturbed. Here, we demonstrate a mobile platform powered by ScolioNet, being trained and validated by 1780 back photos with paired radiographs, consisting of heterogeneous severities and curve types, manually annotated by experienced deformity surgeons. In further independent testing on 378 patients, the platform recommended follow-up or surgery with area under curves (AUCs) of receiver operating characteristic curves being 0.839, and 0.902, while distinguishing among thoracic, thoracolumbar/lumbar, or mixed curve types with AUCs of 0.777, 0.760 and 0.860 respectively. Our open platform has potential for out-of-hospital accessible applications in managing children with AIS.
Serum uric acid reflect bone resorption in ankylosing spondylitis patients with low bone mineral density
Authors: yu zou , Li Juan-Juan
Published: May 2022

Objective: To analyze the association between serum uric acid (UA) levels and bone turnover markers. Methods: 62 ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. Bone turnover markers were detected by electrochemiluminescence method. The laboratory measurements of AS were collected. The relationship between UA and bone turnover markers were analyzed. Results: The mean level of serum UA was 409.96±93.06 umol/L in healthy controls, and 348.89±68.95 umol/L in AS patents. The levels of UA were significantly higher in healthy controls than in AS patients(P=0.000). In healthy controls, UA was significantly negative correlated with osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal crosslaps of type I collagen (β-CTX) (P<0.05). However, UA was significantly positive correlated with β-CTX in AS patients with low bone mineral density (BMD). Conclusion: UA could reflect bone resorption in AS patients with low BMD. UA could be used as a marker for the treatment of AS with low BMD and following-up.
A novel conformable fractional grey model for forecasting of CO2 emissions
Authors: Bilgil Halis , Erdinç Ümmügülsüm
Published: May 2022

CO2 emissions in the world have also become one of the most important research topics. In order for policymakers to achieve the goal of reducing carbon emissions and to create environmental policies, it is important to predict how CO2 emissions will progress. The grey modelling in the prediction of time series has been one of the interesting study fields recently due to its efficiency and convenience. Fractional grey models, on the other hand, have become preferable, despite the difficulty in calculations, since they give more effective results than standard models. Difficulties in fractional accumulation and difference calculations have begun to be overcome thanks to new definitions and theorems made in recent years. The new trend in grey modelling is to compose models that are more useful than the previous ones and give results with less error. In this paper, in order to accurately forecast the CO2 emissions, we propose a novel fractional grey model derived from the conformable fractional order and abbreviated as the FEXGM(1,1). The results show that this novel model demonstrates a higher predicted accuracy and more robust performance over the other models considered for comparison.
The Application Value of Nonabsorbent Surgical Suture or Autologous Tendon in the Reconstruction of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament: a randomized controlled trial Protocol
Authors: 潘 林嫄 , Liu Di , Lu Wenhao , Jin Hongfu , Xie Wenqing , Cai Zijun , Xiao Wenfeng , Li Yusheng
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPatellar dislocation is a common knee injury, that often occurs mainly in cases of rupture of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). Arthroscopic-assisted MPFL reconstruction is a common surgical procedure for patellar dislocation. The grafts commonly used to reconstruct the MPFL include artificial ligament, autologous semitendinosus tendon, thin femoral tendon, patellar ligament, allograft ligament, and popliteal tendon, etc. However, the use of autologous tendons as grafts for MPFL reconstruction may result in hematoma, pain, and delayed recovery at the tendon extraction site. To date, there have been few studies comparing the value of nonabsorbable surgical sutures versus autologous tendons in MPFL reconstruction. Here, we present the protocol of a randomized controlled clinical trial to compare postoperative pain, knee function, and quality of life outcomes of MPFL reconstruction using the two types of grafts mentioned above.MethodThis study is a prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial. Patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be recruited and randomized to MPFL reconstruction using nonabsorbent surgical sutures or autologous tendons. All subjects will be evaluated for imaging, pain, knee function, and quality of life at five-time points: preoperatively and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Computed tomography scans will be performed preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively to assess changes in patellofemoral tilt. Pain assessment is performed using the visual analog score. Knee function will be assessed using the Kujala score, Lysholm score, and IKDC knee function score. Quality of life was assessed using the SF-12 scale.DiscussionThe results of this study will compare the value of nonabsorbent surgical sutures and autologous tendons in MPFL reconstruction and provide a comprehensive assessment of the medium-term prognosis of the study subjects. The results of this study will be used as a reference for future joint surgeons and sports medicine physicians when selecting grafts for MPFL reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation.Trial registrationThis study has been registered with the China Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn) on March 15, 2022, under the registration number ChiCTR2200057574.
The anti-HIV drug tipranavir induces gastric cancer stem cell apoptosis and exerts anticancer activity via the PRSS23–IL24 pathway
Authors: Xiong Jixian , Li Yuting , Tan Xiangyu , Chen Tie , Liu Baohua , Fu Li
Published: May 2022

Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) contribute substantially to the refractory features of gastric cancer (GC) and are responsible for metastasis, relapse and drug resistance. However, strategies aimed at eliminating GCSCs to improve the clinical outcome of GC patients remain a challenge. Here, we report that tipranavir, a clinically used anti-HIV drug, effectively killed both GCSC and GC cell lines, and inhibited tumor growth in GCSC-derived xenograft models without apparent toxicity. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that tipranavir induced GCSC cell apoptosis by targeting the novel serine protease PRSS23, releasing MKK3 from the PRSS23/MKK3 complex to activate p38 MAPK, and thereby activating the interleukin (IL) 24-mediated Bax/Bak mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Tipranavir also killed other types of cancer cell lines and drug-resistant cell lines. Our findings indicate that by targeting both GCSC and GC cells, tipranavir is a promising anti-cancer drug, and the clinical development of tipranavir or other drugs specifically targeting the PRSS23/MKK3/p38MAPK–IL24 mitochondrial apoptotic pathway may offer an effective approach to combat gastric and other cancers.
Bjerknes compensation mechanism as a possible trigger of the low-frequency variability of Arctic amplification
Authors: Latonin Mikhail M. , Bashmachnikov Igor L. , Bobylev Leonid P.
Published: May 2022

The causes of Arctic amplification are widely debated, and a cohesive picture has not been obtained yet. This study has investigated the role of the Atlantic meridional oceanic and atmospheric heat transport into the Arctic in the emergence of Arctic amplification. The integral advective fluxes in the layer of Atlantic waters and in the lower troposphere were considered. The results show a strong coupling between the meridional heat fluxes and regional Arctic amplification in the Eurasian Arctic on the decadal time scales (10–15 years). We argue that the low-frequency variability of Arctic amplification is regulated via the chain of oceanic heat transport – atmospheric heat transport – Arctic amplification. The atmospheric response to the ocean influence occurs with a delay of three years and is attributed to the Bjerknes compensation mechanism. In turn, the atmospheric heat and moisture transport directly affects the magnitude of Arctic amplification, with the latter lagging by one year. Thus, the variability of oceanic heat transport at the southern boundary of the Nordic Seas might be a predictor of the Arctic amplification magnitude over the Eurasian Basin of the Artic Ocean with a lead time of four years. The results are consistent with the concept of the decadal Arctic climate variability expressed via the Arctic Ocean Oscillation index.
Incorporation of SBR Rubber Waste into PVC/CARBONATE Systems
Authors: gonzaga hygo gomes , Morais Crislene Rodrigues da Silva , Cunha Carlos Thiago Cândido
Published: May 2022

The objective of this work was to evaluate the functionalization of the PVC/CARBOBATE polymer system with the addition of SBR and the Polyvinyl chloride-PVC system and CaCO3 carbonate through the incorporation prepared in a torque rheometer. Variations in SBR concentrations in the Poly (vinyl chloride) (C2H3Cl) and CaC03 system under processing conditions to obtain a balance of the mixture in a controlled environment of temperature, time and torque. The mixtures made were characterized and analyzed in terms of their physical and mechanical properties in terms of traction, hardness and fluidity. By FTIR, it was observed that there were no changes in the bands due to the presence of SBR-R in the increase of its percentage of SBR in the PVC/CARBONATE system. The results showed that the addition of rubber residue to the PVC/CARBONATE system causes variations in the mechanical properties of traction and hardness, justifying the reduction of mechanical strength in the addition of rubber to the formulations. XRD reveals the different behavior of the curves, predominantly with low crystallinity in the presence of rubber residue. The behavior of TGA in mass loss in a temperature-controlled atmosphere changes in the flow behavior, presenting lower MFI, leaving the material more viscous and with lower flow in relation to the expected behavior in the injection process. Although the proportions caused changes in the mechanical properties, the results were significantly satisfactory, considering that the composition for the purpose of the study obtained good results. Allowing up to the proportions of 25 and 50% to be applied and alternatives for the development of products with rubber residues according to the desired properties.
Ethnic difference in the rate pressure product recovery to exercise response with African Canadian and South Asian cardiac patients
Authors: Tomlinson Sherldine , Naemi Roozebh
Published: May 2022

Background
The rate pressure product (RPP) is a non-invasive assessment used to predict myocardial oxygen consumption and is defined as the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Studies demonstrating its efficacy with exercise recovery have yielded positive outcomes. Unfortunately, many of the studies conducted are primarily within the European population. Given the lack of research and the difference in exercise responses to other ethnic groups, there is a need to evaluate the RPP in minorities.
Objectives
The study objectives were to 1) compare differences or similarities of low to moderate aerobic exercise to reduce blood pressure and HR in African Canadians and South Asians and 2) identify improvement in RPP values in the two groups.
Methods
One hundred sixty (80 African Canadians and 80 South Asians) with hypertension or related conditions were invited to participate in ten exercise sessions. All participants' blood pressure, heart rate, rate pressure product, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure were assessed.
Results
The study showed systolic blood pressure, and heart rate (< 0.05) but not the rate pressure product (p > 0.05) were significantly different between the two groups in pre and post-exercise conditions. While the exercise training improved participants' cardiac markers, the change between the groups was not significantly different.
Conclusion
Our findings align with other studies demonstrating exercise usefulness in lowering BP, but the RPP results were insignificant. The study also highlighted that a community-based exercise intervention could be helpful for specific populations, in this case, African Canadians and South Asians.
Earth engine application to retrieve long-term terrestrial and aquatic time series of satellite reflectance data
Authors: PRASAI RITIKA
Published: May 2022

Google earth engine is an open source cloud based computing platform that is designed to process large scale datasets. Owing to its capacity and features, it can be useful to wide range of applications-the most prominent being vegetation mapping and monitoring, earth sciences related studies and many others. We have developed a web tool based on google earth engine to encourage and assist the researchers from non-programming background to use google earth engine. This application is freely available and can be accessed at https://mapcoordinates.info/. In the current version, this application has some interesting features like data filter, generates time series plots, time series records and metadata in .csv format. Users can download the time series records of any location, select the satellite sensor, choose the model, filter the cloud cover, scale factor. This application also visualizes the time slider feature for the location selected on the map.
Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Breast Cancer Patients; the Negative Effects of the Pandemic Have Started to Decrease.
Authors: AVSAR Gokhan , DERYOL Rıza , HAKSEVEN Musluh , CETINDAG Ozhan , TAMAM Selim , UNAL Ali Ekrem , BAYAR Sancar
Published: May 2022

BACKROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused delays in diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer patients. We predicted that the effects of the pandemic on breast cancer patients would decrease during the post-vaccination period.
METHODS
The data of 131 female patients who were operated on for breast cancer between March 2019, and March 2022, were analyzed into 3 groups: the control group (CG) between March 2019–2020, the pandemic group (PG) between March 2020–2021, and the vaccine group (VG) between March 2021 - March 2022. Patient admission time (PAT), diagnosis time (DT), tumor size, TNM classification and etc data were analyzed.
RESULTS
Prolonged PAT times in PG compared to CG were observed to be significantly reduced in VG (p = 0.009). In both PG and VG, the DTs were prolonged significantly (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Tumor sizes were found to be larger in PG than in CG and VG (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION
After COVID-19 vaccination; delays in diagnosis and treatment caused by the pandemic in breast cancer patients have decreased and the increase in tumor size during the pandemic period has regressed.
A General Proposition for nth Root (n = odd prime) of a positive real number by the Interval-Weighted Denominator method and determination of 5th and 7th roots as proofs-of-concept
Authors: Iyengar Anju
Published: May 2022

The interval-weighted denominator described previously for square-roots and cube roots of positive real numbers is adapted for the fifth and seventh roots of positive real numbers. This follows from a general proposition for the determination of the nth root (where n = odd prime) of positive real numbers. That combined with square root already described allows for the determination of any natural number root of positive real numbers.
Lumbar vertebrae and epidural space metastases of choriocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Huang Guangyi , ZHANG WEI , ZHAO ZHI , LI ZHENGWEI
Published: May 2022

Choriocarcinoma is a rare and highly malignant tumor. It is characterized by the production of large amounts of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The lumbar vertebrae and epidural space metastases of choriocarcinoma are extremely rare. The present case report describes a 42-year-old Chinese female patient who was diagnosed as choriocarcinoma of unknown origin with multiple organ metastases, especially in the lumbar vertebral body and epidural space. The patient was admitted to the spine surgery department of The Second Afflicted Hospital of Dalian Medical University with signs of low back pain for ten days, weakness in both lower limbs and dysuria for four days in 2019. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an inhomogeneous nodular lesion in the anterior epidural space from L3 to L4 and an abnormal signal in the L4 vertebral body. The patient underwent emergency surgery on the first day of admission for quick onset of paraplegia and dysuria. But the operation was stopped because of heavy bleeding. Five days later, she underwent embolization of hypervascular lesion of lumbar vertebrae and epidural space. And after this, the mass was subtotally removed. The histopathological diagnosis was choriocarcinoma.
New engineering science insights into the electrodes pairing of electrochemical energy storage devices assisted by machine learning
Authors: Qu Longbing , Wang Peiyao , Motevalli Benyamin , Liang Qinghua , Wang Kangyan , Jiang Wen-Jie , Liu Jefferson Zhe , Li Dan
Published: May 2022

Pairing the positive and negative electrodes with their individual dynamic characteristics properly matched is essential to the optimal design of electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the complex relationship between the performance data measured for individual electrodes and the two-electrode cells used in practice often makes an optimal pairing experimentally challenging. In this work, taking graphene-based supercapacitors as an example, we combine experiments with machine learning to generate a large pool of capacitance data for graphene-based electrode materials with varied slit pore sizes and thicknesses, and numerically pair them into different combinations for two-electrode cells. The as-achieved pairing results allow us to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the correlations between the key electrode structural features of individual electrodes and volumetric capacitance of the resultant two-electrode cells. The results show that the optimal pairing parameters are varied considerably with the operation rate of the cells and are even influenced by the thickness of the inactive components. The best-performing individual electrode does not necessarily result in optimal cell-level performance. The machine learning-assisted pairing approach presents much higher efficiency compared with the traditional trial-and-error approach for the optimal design of supercapacitors and provides an additional effective avenue for further improving the performance of supercapacitors and is expected to play an enabling role in the future on-demand design of energy storage devices. The results observed in this work also indicate the call for comprehensive performance data reporting in the electrochemical energy storage field to enable the adoption of artificial intelligence techniques to accelerate the translation of academic research in this rapidly growing field.