bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miR-200a-3p Regulates PRKACB and Participates in Aluminium-Induced Tau Phosphorylation in PC12 Cells
Authors: Li Huan , Liu Qun , Zhang Qinli , Xue Xingli , Zhang Jingsi , Zhang Jing , Lin Li , Niu Qiao
Published: December 2022

Aluminium (Al) is an environmental neurotoxin that humans are widely exposed to, but the molecular mechanism of its toxic effects is not fully understood. Many studies have shown that exposure to Al can cause abnormal phosphorylation of the tau protein that is believed as one of pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease. Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) may be involved in the pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases and are potential regulatory factors for related target genes. Phosphorylation at Ser-133 of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is one of the major pathways of CREB activation, and phosphorylation at this site is controlled by protein kinase A (PKA). The catalytic subunit of PKA, cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta (PRKACB), phosphorylates CREB. The target gene prediction software TargetScan showed that PRKACB was one of the target mRNAs of miR-200a-3p. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether miR-200a-3p regulates the PKA/CREB pathway by targeting PRKACB and leads to abnormal phosphorylation of the tau protein in nerve cells. The results showed that Al exposure increased the expression level of miR-200a-3p, and miR-200a-3p increased the expression of targeted downregulated PRKACB, and then decreased the PKA/CREB signalling pathway activity, leading to abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau.

Graphical Abstract
Approaching predictors of success for sports clubs by applying the organizational capacity framework
Authors: Post Carina
Published: December 2022

Many previous scientific investigations of sports clubs have lacked an appropriate approach for reflecting the diversity of sports-related organizations. The purpose of this paper is to measure sports clubs’ performance by considering the problems they experience. To perform this, the organizational capacity framework (OCF), which captures various internal and external resources possessed by organizations, is used to investigate various human, financial, and structural capacities of sports clubs located in Rhineland, Germany (n = 1000). This research also serves to test the organizational capacity framework’s applicability in this context. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the framework is suitable for measuring the characteristics of sports clubs; however, further research is required to obtain more precise data. Regarding organizational problems, the present findings indicate that having sufficient board members, possessing good finances, and engaging in strategic planning are the factors with the greatest influence on reducing problems among sports clubs.
River flow prediction based on improved machine learning method: Cuckoo Search-Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Zanial Wan Norsyuhada Che Wan , Malek Marlinda Binti Abdul , Reba Mohd Nadzri Md , Zaini Nuratiah , Ahmed Ali Najah , Sherif Mohsen , Elshafie Ahmed
Published: December 2022

One of the largest hydropower facilities currently in operation in Malaysia is the Terengganu hydroelectric facility. As a result, for hydropower generation to be sustainable, future water availability in hydropower plants must be known. Therefore, it is necessary to precisely estimate how the river flow will alter as a result of changing rainfall patterns. Finding the best value for the hyper-parameters is one of the problems with machine learning algorithms, which have lately been adopted by many academics. In this research, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is integrated with a nature-inspired optimizer, namely Cuckoo search algorithm (CS-ANN). The performance of the proposed algorithm then will be examined based on statistical indices namely Root-Mean-Square Error (RSME) and Determination Coefficient (R2). Then, the accuracy of the proposed model will be then examined with the stand-alone Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The statistical indices results indicate that the proposed Hybrid CS-ANN model showed an improvement based on R2 value as compared to ANN model with R2 of 0.900 at training stage and R2 of 0.935 at testing stage. RMSE value, for ANN model, is 127.79 m3/s for training stage and 12.7 m3/s at testing stage. While for the proposed Hybrid CS-ANN model, RMSE value is equal to 121.7 m3/s for training stage and 10.95 m3/s for testing stage. The results revealed that the proposed model outperformed the stand-alone model in predicting the river flow with high level of accuracy. Although the proposed model could be applied in different case study, there is a need to tune the model internal parameters when applied in different case study.
Pre-rainy Season Rainstorms in South China—Risk Perception of the 11 April 2019 Rainstorm in Shenzhen City
Authors: Sun Xuran , Zhou Wei , Zhang Guoming , Liu Lianyou , Wang Guangpeng , Xiang Mingzhu , Xiao Yuting , Qu Shufeng , Li Shouwei , Li Jiaxue
Published: December 2022

With the acceleration of urbanization in South China, rainstorms and floods are threatening the safety of people in urban areas. The 11 April 2019 (4·11 hereafter) rainstorm in Shenzhen City was a typical pre-rainy season rainstorm that caused great damage, yet such pre-rainy season events have not attracted sufficient attention in research. Risk perception of the public may indirectly affect their disaster preparedness, which is important for disaster management. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey that considered demographic factors and the level of risk perception, knowledge of risk, impact of the 4·11 rainstorm event on public risk perception, and degree of trust in the government. We used a two-factor model of risk perception to evaluate the factors that influenced public risk perception of the 4·11 rainstorm in Shenzhen. The main conclusions are: The 4·11 rainstorm improved public awareness of both risk and impact through the medium term, but the public’s perceived low probability of disaster occurrence and lack of knowledge of the pre-rainy season rainstorm phenomenon led to serious losses during this event. Although the public has high trust in the Shenzhen government, the management of rainstorm disasters in the pre-rainy season needs to be further improved.
A theoretical justification of the slip index concept in fretting analysis
Authors: Argatov Ivan I. , Chai Young S.
Published: December 2022

Fretting in the partial-slip and gross-slip regimes under a constant normal load is considered. The tangential force—displacement relations for the forward and backward motions are described based the generalized Cattaneo—Mindlin theory of tangential contact and Masing’s hypothesis on modelling the force—displacement hysteretic loop. Besides the critical force and displacement parameters (characterizing the triggering of sliding), the model includes one dimensionless fitting parameter that tunes the tangential contact stiffness of the friction—contact interface. Explicit expressions are derived for the main tribological parameters of the fretting loop, including the slip index and the signal index. The presented phenomenological modelling approach has been applied to the analysis of two sets of experimental data taken from the literature. It has been shown that the experimentally observed simple relation of a rational type between the slip index and the slip ratio corresponds to the gross-slip asymptotics of the corresponding model-based predicted relation. The known quantitative criteria for the transition from the partial slip regime to the gross slip regime are expressed in terms of the stiffness parameter, and a novel geometric transition criterion is formulated.
Blended Care Therapy for Depression and Anxiety: Outcomes across Diverse Racial and Ethnic Groups
Authors: Owusu Jocelynn T. , Wang Pam , Wickham Robert E. , Cottonham Danielle P. , Varra Alethea A. , Chen Connie , Lungu Anita
Published: December 2022

Background

Studies have reported positive outcomes of blended care therapy (BCT), which combines face-to-face care with internet modules. However, there is insufficient evidence of its effectiveness across racial and ethnic groups. This study evaluated outcomes of a BCT program, which combined video psychotherapy with internet cognitive-behavioral modules, across race and ethnicity.

Methods

Participants were 6492 adults, with elevated anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7] ≥ 8) and/or depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] ≥ 10) symptoms, enrolled in employer-offered BCT. Changes in anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) symptoms during treatment were evaluated using individual growth curve models. Interaction terms of time with race and ethnicity tested for between-group differences. Treatment satisfaction was assessed using a Net Promoter measure (range = 1 (lowest satisfaction) to 5 (greatest satisfaction)).

Results

Participants’ self-reported race and ethnicity included Asian or Pacific Islander (27.5%), Black or African American (5.4%), Hispanic or Latino (9.3%), and White (47.2%). Anxiety symptoms decreased during treatment (p < 0.01), with greater reductions among Hispanic or Latino participants compared to White participants (p < 0.05). Depressive symptoms decreased across treatment (p < 0.01), with significantly greater decreases among some racial and ethnic groups compared to White participants. Declines in anxiety and depressive symptoms slowed across treatment (p’s < 0.01), with statistically significant differences in slowing rates of depressive symptoms across some racial and ethnic groups. Among participants with responses (28.45%), average treatment satisfaction ranged from 4.46 (SD = 0.73) to 4.67 (SD = 0.68) across race and ethnicity (p = 0.001). Racial and ethnic differences in outcomes were small in magnitude.

Conclusions

BCT for anxiety and depression can be effective across diverse racial and ethnic groups.
Policy decision of curling in real competition scenes
Authors: Xiao Qian , Li Zongmin , Wang Xiangdong , Liu Yujie , Li Yachuan , Yang Chaozhi , Li Feimo
Published: December 2022

Policy decision of curling refers to providing strategy suggestions for curling competition with the help of computers. Existing curling agents have achieved good results in the digital scenarios, but cannot make correct decisions when applied to actual competition and training scenes. In this paper, a strategies decision agent in the real scene has been proposed. The competition situation was acquired by a Situation-Aware Network and mapped by a Digital Extraction module. We designed Curling MCTS to explore the best strategy in continuous space. The effectiveness of our framework has been verified by experiments and evaluated by China’s wheelchair curling team at China Disabled Sports Management Center. With the help of our system, China’s wheelchair curling team trained effectively and won the championship in the XIII Paralympic Winter Games (2022, Beijing). In addition, a new curling target detection dataset was provided.
Facilitating Employee Recovery From Work: The Role of Leader-Member-Exchange
Authors: Volmer Judith , Schulte Eva-Maria , Fritz Charlotte
Published: December 2022

Building on Affective Events Theory (AET), this study examined within-person relationships between employee perceptions of day-level leader-member exchange (LMX) and day-level positive affect as well as between positive affect and recovery from work in the evening (i.e., relaxation, mastery, control, and psychological detachment from work). In addition, LMX variability was examined as a moderator of these within-person relationships. Employees (N = 160) completed surveys at the end of the workday and in the evening across five consecutive workdays. Results indicate direct relationships between perceptions of LMX and employee positive affect at work. In addition, positive affect was positively associated with two of the four recovery experiences (mastery and relaxation). Furthermore, LMX variability across the workweek moderated these positive indirect effects such that the indirect associations between the perceptions of LMX and employees’ recovery experiences during the evening via positive affect was only positive when LMX variability was low. The indirect effects, however, were nonsignificant when LMX variability was moderate or high. The present study expands LMX research by adopting a dynamic within-person perspective and by connecting the literature on workplace leadership with the literature on recovery from work, indicating that perceptions of LMX can potentially impact employees’ nonwork time.
The Digital Euro and Energy Considerations: Can the ECB Introduce the Digital Euro Considering the Potential Energy Requirements?
Authors: Mooij Annelieke A.M.
Published: December 2022

The ECB has two mandates its primary and secondary mandate. Its primary mandate has been the focus of many discussions but its secondary mandate is less frequently discussed. Nevertheless this mandate has important objectives and should not be considered obsolete. This article examines the legal status of the secondary mandate of the ECB with regard to climate change. In particular this article will consider the role of the secondary mandate with regard to the Digital Euro and energy targets. The Digital Euro can be used as a monetary tool and improve payment systems. However, depending on its design the Digital Euro can use a considerable amount of energy. This article concludes that if the design of the Digital Euro does not impact the monetary objectives, the secondary mandate of the ECB determines the design of the Digital Euro.
Towards a consistent lattice Boltzmann model for two-phase fluids
Authors: Hosseini S.A. , Dorschner B. , Karlin I.V.
Published: December 2022

We revisit the construction of discrete kinetic models for single-component isothermal two-phase flows. Starting from a kinetic model for a non-ideal fluid, we show that, under conventional scaling, the Navier–Stokes equations with a non-ideal equation of state are recovered in the hydrodynamic limit. A scaling based on the smallness of velocity increments is then introduced, which recovers the full Navier–Stokes–Korteweg equations. The proposed model is realized on a standard lattice and validated on a variety of benchmarks. Through a detailed study of thermodynamic properties including co-existence densities, surface tension, Tolman length and sound speed, we show thermodynamic consistency, well-posedness and convergence of the proposed model. Furthermore, hydrodynamic consistency is demonstrated by verification of Galilean invariance of the dissipation rate of shear and normal modes and the study of visco-capillary coupling effects. Finally, the model is validated on dynamic test cases in three dimensions with complex geometries and large density ratios such as drop impact on textured surfaces and mercury drops coalescence.
Large-scale convective flow sustained by thermally active Lagrangian tracers
Authors: Agasthya Lokahith , Bartel Andreas , Biferale Luca , Ehrhardt Matthias , Toschi Federico
Published: December 2022

Non-isothermal particles suspended in a fluid lead to complex interactions – the particles respond to changes in the fluid flow, which in turn is modified by their temperature anomaly. Here, we perform a novel proof-of-concept numerical study based on tracer particles that are thermally coupled to the fluid. We imagine that particles can adjust their internal temperature reacting to some local fluid properties, and follow simple, hard-wired active control protocols. We study the case where instabilities are induced by switching the particle temperature from hot to cold depending on whether it is ascending or descending in the flow. A macroscopic transition from stable to unstable convective flow is achieved, depending on the number of active particles and their excess negative/positive temperature. The stable state is characterized by a flow with low turbulent kinetic energy, strongly stable temperature gradient, and no large-scale features. The convective state is characterized by higher turbulent kinetic energy, self-sustaining large-scale convection, and weakly stable temperature gradients. Individually, the particles promote the formation of stable temperature gradients, while their aggregated effect induces large-scale convection. When the Lagrangian temperature scale is small, a weakly convective laminar system forms. The Lagrangian approach is also compared to a uniform Eulerian bulk heating with the same mean injection profile, and no such transition is observed. Our empirical approach shows that thermal convection can be controlled by pure Lagrangian forcing, and opens the way for other data-driven particle-based protocols to enhance or deplete large-scale motion in thermal flows.
Black and White Names: Evolution and Determinants
Authors: Tan Hui Ren
Published: December 2022

Black and white Americans tend to have different names today. This divide was long in the making. I show that the racial divergence in naming patterns was a gradual and continuous process spanning the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. I then exploit the migration of households from the South to determine if place matters for name choices. Children born after their households moved receive names that are less black or more white than their older siblings, a difference that widens with time spent outside the South. This may reflect the cultural assimilation of households rather than a response to economic incentives.
Impartiality and democracy: an objection to political exchange
Authors: Jeffers Matthew T.
Published: December 2022

The philosophical debate concerning political exchange has largely been confined to debating the desirability of vote trading; where individuals can sell their votes or buy votes from others. However, I show that the vote credit systems prevalent in public choice theory entirely avoid the common objections to political exchange that afflict vote trading proposals. Namely, vote credit systems avoid equality concerns and inalienability concerns. I offer an alternative critique to formal mechanisms that encourage political exchange by drawing on the role that impartiality and impartial moral judgements play in democratic and electoral institutions.
Ant-ICON - ‘Integrated Science to Inform Antarctic and Southern Ocean Conservation’: a new SCAR Scientific Research Programme
Authors: Hughes Kevin A. , Santos Mercedes , Caccavo Jilda A. , Chignell Stephen M. , Gardiner Natasha B. , Gilbert Neil , Howkins Adrian , Van Vuuren Bettine Jansen , Lee Jasmine R. , Liggett Daniela , Lowther Andrew , Lynch Heather , Quesada Antonio , Shin Hyoung Chul , Soutullo Alvaro , Terauds Aleks
Published: December 2022

Antarctic and Southern Ocean environments are facing increasing pressure from multiple threats. The Antarctic Treaty System regularly looks to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) for the provision of independent and objective advice based on the best available science to support decision-making, policy development and effective environmental management. The recently approved SCAR Scientific Research Programme Ant-ICON - ‘Integrated Science to Inform Antarctic and Southern Ocean Conservation‘ - facilitates and coordinates high-quality transdisciplinary research to inform the conservation and management of Antarctica, the Southern Ocean and the sub-Antarctic in the context of current and future impacts. The work of Ant-ICON focuses on three research themes examining 1) the current state and future projections of Antarctic systems, species and functions, 2) human impacts and sustainability and 3) socio-ecological approaches to Antarctic and Southern Ocean conservation, and one synthesis theme that seeks to facilitate the provision of timely scientific advice to support effective Antarctic conservation. Research outputs will address the most pressing environmental challenges facing Antarctica and offer high-quality science to policy and advisory bodies including the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, the Committee for Environmental Protection and the Scientific Committee of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.
Dying to Live: British Idealism and the Bildungsroman
Authors: Taylor Mark
Published: December 2022

This essay considers one important episode in the relationship between the British novel and the philosophical movement known as British Idealism. Focusing on two novels from the 1880s, Walter Pater'sMarius the Epicureanand Mary Augusta Ward'sRobert Elsmere, I show how both works adapt the generic framework of the bildungsroman to reflect a distinctively idealist notion of development, which conceives of ethical, spiritual, and aesthetic growth as a kind of death—a “dying to live.” Viewed, in this way, from beyond the grave, the early deaths of both Pater's and Ward's eponymous protagonists represent not a critique of the logic of bildung but its ultimate fulfillment.
Graded bilingual effects on attentional network function in Chinese high school students
Authors: Privitera Adam John , Momenian Mohammad , Weekes Brendan
Published: December 2022

Effective communication in multilingual environments requires bilinguals to constantly monitor linguistic cues. It is hypothesized that the constant need to monitor may result in improved attention. However, previous investigations have reported mixed, often null results, with positive findings attributed to non-linguistic variables. To address these issues, we investigated whether higher levels of bilingualism were associated with improved attentional function in a sample of culturally and socioeconomically homogenous Mandarin–English speaking bilingual adolescents. Participants completed the Attention Network Task to assess attentional network function. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models in order to account for nontrivial differences. Mixed results provide partial support for domain general cognitive benefits associated with higher levels of bilingualism. Both improved and reduced performance differed based on the specific dimension of bilingualism and the attentional network assessed. Findings support the conclusion that separable dimensions of bilingual language experience assert different influences on attentional network function.
Mental health and the global climate crisis
Authors: Corvalan Carlos , Gray Brandon , Villalobos Prats Elena , Sena Aderita , Hanna Fahmy , Campbell-Lendrum Diarmid
Published: December 2022

Aims

Not only is nature essential for human existence, but many of its functions and contributions are irreplaceable. Studying the impact of these changes on individuals and communities, researchers and public health officials have largely focused on physical health. Our aim is to better understand how climate change also exacerbates many social and environmental risk factors for mental health and psychosocial problems, and can lead to emotional distress, the development of new mental health conditions and a worsening situation for people already living with these conditions.

Methods

We considered all possible direct and indirect pathways by which climate change can affect mental health. We built a framework which includes climate change-related hazards, climate change-related global environmental threats, social and environmental exposure pathways, and vulnerability factors and inequalities to derive possible mental health and psychosocial outcomes.

Results

We identified five approaches to address the mental health and psychosocial impacts of climate change which we suggest should be implemented with urgency: (1) integrate climate change considerations into policies and programmes for mental health, to better prepare for and respond to the climate crisis; (2) integrate mental health and psychosocial support within policies and programmes dealing with climate change and health; (3) build upon global commitments including the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction; (4) implement multisectoral and community-based approaches to reduce vulnerabilities and address the mental health and psychosocial impacts of climate change; and (5) address the large gaps that exist in funding both for mental health and for responding to the health impacts of climate change.

Conclusions

There is growing evidence of the various mechanisms by which climate change is affecting mental health. Given the human impacts of climate change, mental health and psychosocial well-being need to be one of the main focuses of climate action. Therefore, countries need to dramatically accelerate their responses to climate change, including efforts to address its impacts on mental health and psychosocial well-being.
Statin use improves survival of patients with known or suspected lower extremity artery disease on all ankle brachial index levels
Authors: Laivuori Mirjami , Biancari Fausto , Sinisalo Juha , Albäck Anders , Hakovirta Harri , Sund Reijo , Venermo Maarit
Published: December 2022

Summary: Background: Statin medication improves the prognosis of patients with lower extremity artery disease (LEAD). Research has previously focused on patients with a lowered ankle brachial index (ABI) excluding patients with a normal or elevated ankle brachial index. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of statin use on survival and cardiovascular mortality in patients with LEAD of different severity depicted by the ABI level. Patients and methods: 4128 ABI measurements by trained and experienced nurses between 2000 and 2009 were combined with medication data from the Social Insurance Institution and causes of death data from the national causes of death registry. End of follow-up was set at the end of 2014. The data of statin use included all statin medication with the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification codes between C10AA01 and C10AA08. Results: 1956 (47.4%) patients had statin medication. Statin use was associated with improved overall survival and amputation free survival (AFS) on all ABI levels. When adjusted for age, sex and diabetes the greatest overall survival benefit from statin use was for the patients with ABI>1.3 (hazard ratio, HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48–0.94, p=0.020, reference group statin non-users) and ABI 0.9–1.3 (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65–0.94, p=0.008). In propensity score matched pairs statin treatment was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality ( p<0.0001), cardiovascular mortality ( p=0.034), cerebrovascular mortality ( p=0.003) and embolic stroke related mortality ( p=0.001) in patients with ABI >1.3 or <0.9. Overall survival benefit was significant in females with ABI<0.5 and in males across several ABI levels. Conclusions: According to our study, statins seem to improve overall and amputation free survival regardless of ABI level. Statin use was associated with lower mortality from cerebrovascular disease, overall mortality and in the propensity score matched patients with ABI<0.9 or >1.3 with cardiovascular mortality.
A Method to Improve Land Use Representation for Weather Simulations Based on High‐Resolution Data Sets—Application to Corine Land Cover Data in the WRF Model
Authors: de Bode M. , Hedde T. , Roubin P. , Durand P.
Published: December 2022

Land cover (LC) data incorporation, for weather modeling purposes, highlights many problems. The straightforward Single Level Mode (SLM) aggregation is not adapted for high‐resolution LC maps, with a high number of classes, because it could generate false classifications. We propose a Multi‐Level Mode (MLM) aggregation method that includes a hierarchical structure. This study focuses on the Corine Land Cover (CLC) data set. Differences between MLM and SLM methods are small at the finest horizontal resolution and increase to a value of around 16% at 9‐km horizontal resolution. To further integrate CLC data into WRF (Weather Research Forecasting model), we included a dedicated table of physical parameters next to using the classical conversion toward the USGS one. To evaluate the LC impact on the modeled boundary layer, we used WRF at 1 km to simulate a 4‐day period with diurnal cycles of valley winds in the heterogeneous western pre‐Alps area. We tested three LCs (USGS, MODIS, and CLC), where CLC has two physical parameter tables and two aggregation methods. CLC performs better than other tested LCs. The CLC aggregation methods revealed limited differences between the simulated variables, although the MLM method gives better results. Since these comparisons are restricted to a single location with the same LC type, the differences between various simulations regarding atmospheric parameters probably result from horizontal advection from upwind areas where surface conditions differ. Extended time series with multiple locations and diverse meteorological conditions need to be considered to reinforce the results presented here.
Bridging the Gap Between Simple Metrics and Model Simulations of Climate Change Impacts on Land Hydrology
Authors: Berg Alexis
Published: December 2022

For many years now, studies on climate change impacts on continental hydrology have suffered from conflicting results between different approaches. On the one hand, studies relying on widely used, simple metrics of land water availability, such as the Aridity Index and Palmer Drought Severity Index, depict predominantly drier future land surface conditions, when driven by climate change projections from global models. On the other hand, the same climate models also generate their own land surface projections, which exhibit balanced changes in land hydrology, with spatially heterogenous changes in soil moisture or runoff. Writing in Earth's Future, Scheff et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ef002814) provide a comprehensive modeling assessment of the various processes responsible for these contrasted projections, resolving this conflict and thereby improving our understanding of future land hydrology.
Tropospheric Ozone During the Last Interglacial
Authors: Yan Yuzhen , Banerjee Asmita , Murray Lee T. , Tie Xin , Yeung Laurence Y.
Published: December 2022

The history of tropospheric O3, an important atmospheric oxidant, is poorly constrained because of uncertainties in its historical budget and a dearth of independent records. Here, we estimate the mean tropospheric O3 burden during the Last Interglacial period (LIG; 115 to 130 thousand years ago) using a record of the clumped isotopic composition of O2 (i.e., Δ36 values) preserved in Antarctic ice. The measured LIG Δ36 value is 0.03 ± 0.02‰ (95% CI) higher than the late pre‐industrial Holocene (PI; 1,590–1,850 CE) value and corresponds to a modeled 9% reduction in LIG tropospheric O3 burden (95% CI: 3%–15%), caused in part by a substantial reduction in biomass burning emissions during the LIG relative to the PI. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that late‐Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions caused woody and grassy fuels to accumulate on land, leading to enhanced biomass burning in the preindustrial Holocene.
In Situ Space Plasma Diagnostics With Finite Amplitude Active Electric Experiments: Non‐Linear Plasma Effects and Instrumental Performance of Mutual Impedance Experiments
Authors: Bucciantini L. , Henri P. , Wattieaux G. , Califano F. , Vallières X. , Randriamboarison O.
Published: December 2022

Mutual impedance (MI) experiments are a kind of plasma diagnostic techniques for the identification of the in situ plasma density and electron temperature. These plasma parameters are retrieved from MI spectra, obtained by perturbing the plasma using a set of electric emitting antennas and, simultaneously, retrieving using a set of electric receiving antennas the electric fluctuations generated in the plasma. Typical MI experiments suppose a linear plasma response to the electric excitation of the instrument. In the case of practical space applications, this assumption is often broken: low temperature plasmas, which are usually encountered in ionized planetary environments (e.g., RPC‐MIP instrument onboard the Rosetta mission, RPWI/MIME experiment onboard the JUICE mission), force toward significant perturbations of the plasma dielectric. In this context, we investigate MI experiments relaxing, for the first time, the assumption of linear plasma perturbations: we quantify the impact of large antenna emission amplitudes on the (a) plasma density and (b) electron temperature diagnostic performance of MI instruments. We use electrostatic 1D‐1 V full kinetic Vlasov‐Poisson numerical simulations. First, we simulate the electric oscillations generated in the plasma by MI experiments. Second, we use typical MI data analysis techniques to compute the MI diagnostic performance in function of the emission amplitude and of the emitting‐receiving antennas distance. We find the plasma density and electron temperature identification processes robust (i.e., relative errors below 5% and 20%, respectively) to large amplitude emissions for antenna emission amplitudes corresponding to electric‐to‐thermal energy ratios up to .
Social Media to Promote Treatment Adherence Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Chronic Health Conditions: A Topical Review and TikTok Application
Authors: Psihogios Alexandra M. , Ahmed Annisa M. , McKelvey Elise R. , Toto Daniella , Avila Isabella , Hekimian-Brogan Elodie , Steward Zachary , Schwartz Lisa A. , Barakat Lamia P.
Published: December 2022

Objective: Social media is a large facet of contemporary culture, particularly for adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Likewise, digital health interventions have proliferated. Yet understanding of how social media can be leveraged to deliver empirically informed adherence interventions is more limited. This topical review provides a synthesis of literature related to improving AYA treatment adherence through social media approaches. To illustrate a clinical application, we describe an initiative that codeveloped and codisseminated adherence education with AYAs with cancer via TikTok. Methods: Literature searches were conducted on databases including PubMed and PsycINFO, using keywords such as adolescents or young adults; social media; and adherence, self-management, or health. Adherence TikTok videos were developed through user-centered design approaches with AYAs with cancer and clinicians/staff. Results: Results from the review suggested that AYAs use social media to research general health information and obtain support. Research-derived adherence-promotion interventions with social-media-like features appear to be acceptable, and some have led to improvements in adherence. Our process of translating empirically informed adherence education to TikTok was rapid and low cost and obtained 30,797 views. Conclusions: Social media has great promise for advancing the uptake and reach of evidence-based adherence care for AYAs. We highlight opportunities for advancing current clinical practices and future research in this area, including forming clinical partnerships with AYAs to disseminate credible adherence content via the social media platforms that are already part of their daily technology use.

Implications for Impact Statement

This topical review found that AYAs currently use social media for health purposes—with or without expert input—and adherence-promotion interventions that incorporate social media features have been acceptable to AYAs. We highlight the potential for and one application of leveraging commercial social media (e.g., TikTok) to deliver engaging and credible adherence information with substantial reach.
Adherence and Self-Management Interventions Among Systemically Marginalized and Underserved Youth With Asthma
Authors: Sweenie Rachel , De Keyser Heather Hoch , Gutiérrez-Colina Ana M. , Brammer Caitlin , Ramsey Rachelle R.
Published: December 2022

Objective: Asthma disproportionately impacts youth who have been systemically marginalized and underserved, henceforth termed underserved for brevity. Disparities are driven by systemic and structural racism and social determinants of health. We aimed to synthesize findings from interventions delivered among youth who have been underserved, highlight effective intervention strategies, and provide recommendations to promote health equity. To demonstrate, we also present a case example of clinical application. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of randomized trials among youth (≤18 years old) who are often underserved, delivered in clinical, community, or home-based settings with medication adherence and/or self-management behaviors as an intervention outcome. We used descriptive statistics to synthesize study characteristics and outcomes. Results: Twenty-four articles, representing 21 unique interventions, met inclusion criteria. Forty-six percent reported significant improvements in adherence or self-management for the intervention group. Self-management interventions focused on symptom recognition and monitoring demonstrated the greatest percentage of significant intervention findings (71.4%); controller medication adherence interventions demonstrated the fewest (33.3%). Conclusions: Interventions are not consistently effective for youth who have been underserved. Findings suggest that pediatric psychologists can help patients from underserved backgrounds by bolstering symptom recognition and monitoring skills, providing self-management skill education, and problem-solving ways to reduce triggers through individually tailored, multicomponent approaches. Pediatric psychologists should simultaneously strive to consider and address systemic, structural, and social determinants of asthma disparities in their work.

Implications for Impact Statement

Adherence and self-management intervention approaches to-date may not always be effective for youth with asthma who have been systemically marginalized and underserved. Pediatric psychologists are encouraged to deliver individually tailored multicomponent interventions while also striving to address upstream systemic, structural, and social barriers to adherence and self-management.
Protection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells during acute lung injury requires autophagy maintained by mTOR
Authors: Hu Yue , Shao Jing , Shen Lanying , Wang Shengchao , Xu Kaiyan , Mao Jiayan , Shen Jian , Chen Wei
Published: December 2022

Previous studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells may represent a promising cellular therapy for acute lung injury (ALI); however, the underlying relevant molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated and characterized by alizarin red staining, oil red staining, and flow cytometry. Lung injury and inflammatory cell infiltration were determined using the Evans blue method, wet/dry weight ratio, and H&E staining. An ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. Autophagy was detected with an mRFP-GFP-LC3 dual-fluorescence autophagy indicator system, Western blotting, and electron microscopy. We first demonstrated that ADSCs did alleviate the inflammatory responses and tissue damage in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Next, we further demonstrated in vivo that autophagy plays a key role in the maintenance of ADSC therapeutic efficacy. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ADSCs co-cultured with alveolar epithelial cells depend on autophagy for significant anti-inflammatory functions. Moreover, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of autophagy. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the effect of ADSC on ALI, especially on alveolar epithelial cells, is dependent on mTOR-mediated autophagy maintenance. The significance of our study for ALI therapy is discussed with respect to a more complete understanding of the therapeutic strategy paradigm.
Bridging polymer chemistry and cryobiology
Authors: Matsumura Kazuaki , Rajan Robin , Ahmed Sana
Published: December 2022

Polymers, especially charged polymers, are the key to a sustainable future, as they have the capability to act as alternatives to plastics, reduce the impact of global warming, and offer solutions to global environmental pollution problems. Biomaterial polymers have proven to be incredibly effective in a multitude of applications, including clinical applications. In the fields of cryobiology and cryopreservation, polymers have emerged as credible alternatives to small molecules and other compounds, yielding excellent results. This review outlines the results of research in the areas of polymer chemistry and cryobiology, which have not been discussed together previously. Herein, we explain how recent polymer research has enabled the development of polymeric cryoprotectants with novel mechanisms and the development of novel methods for the intracellular delivery of substances, such as drugs, using a cryobiological technique called the freeze-concentration effect. Our findings indicate that interdisciplinary collaboration between cryobiologists and polymer chemists has led to exciting developments that will further cell biology and medical research.
Phosphonic acid tagged carbon quantum dots encapsulated in SBA-15 as a novel catalyst for the preparation of N-heterocycles with pyrazolo, barbituric acid and indole moieties
Authors: Rasooll Milad Mohammadi , Sepehrmansourie Hassan , Zarei Mahmoud , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Rostamnia Sadegh
Published: December 2022

Herein, we have presented a new insight for the synthesis of a hybrid heterogeneous catalyst. For this purpose, phosphonic acid tagged carbon quantum dots of CQDs-N(CH2PO3H2)2 encapsulated and assembled in channels of SBA-15 using a post-modification strategy. The mesoporous catalyst of functionalized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was characterized by several techniques. CQDs-N(CH2PO3H2)2/SBA-15 as an excellent catalyst was applied for the preparation of novel pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives by using pyrazole, barbituric acid and indole moieties at 100 °C under the solvent-free condition. The present work shows that a significant increase in the catalytic activity can be achieved by a rational design of mesoporous SBA-15 modified with CQDs for the synthesis of biological active candidates. The synthesized compounds did not convert to their corresponding pyridines via an anomeric-based oxidation mechanism.
Classification and visual explanation for COVID-19 pneumonia from CT images using triple learning
Authors: Kato Sota , Oda Masahiro , Mori Kensaku , Shimizu Akinobu , Otake Yoshito , Hashimoto Masahiro , Akashi Toshiaki , Hotta Kazuhiro
Published: December 2022

This study presents a novel framework for classifying and visualizing pneumonia induced by COVID-19 from CT images. Although many image classification methods using deep learning have been proposed, in the case of medical image fields, standard classification methods are unable to be used in some cases because the medical images that belong to the same category vary depending on the progression of the symptoms and the size of the inflamed area. In addition, it is essential that the models used be transparent and explainable, allowing health care providers to trust the models and avoid mistakes. In this study, we propose a classification method using contrastive learning and an attention mechanism. Contrastive learning is able to close the distance for images of the same category and generate a better feature space for classification. An attention mechanism is able to emphasize an important area in the image and visualize the location related to classification. Through experiments conducted on two-types of classification using a three-fold cross validation, we confirmed that the classification accuracy was significantly improved; in addition, a detailed visual explanation was achieved comparison with conventional methods.
Ozone modified hypothalamic signaling enhancing thermogenesis in the TDP-43A315T transgenic model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Sara , Valiente Nicolas , Seseña Susana , Cabrera-Pinto Marta , Rodríguez Ana , Aranda Alfonso , Palop Llanos , Fernández-Martos Carmen M.
Published: December 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease, has no effective treatment. Recent evidence supports a strong metabolic component in ALS pathogenesis. Indeed, metabolic abnormalities in ALS correlate to disease susceptibility and progression, raising additional therapeutic targets against ALS. Ozone (O3), a natural bioactive molecule, has been shown to elicit beneficial effects to reduce metabolic disturbances and improved motor behavior in TDP-43A315T mice. However, it is fundamental to determine the mechanism through which O3 acts in ALS. To characterize the association between O3 exposure and disease-associated weight loss in ALS, we assessed the mRNA and protein expression profile of molecular pathways with a main role in the regulation of the metabolic homeostasis on the hypothalamus and the brown adipose tissue (BAT) at the disease end-stage, in TDP-43A315T mice compared to age-matched WT littermates. In addition, the impact of O3 exposure on the faecal bacterial community diversity, by Illumina sequencing, and on the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), by confocal imaging, were analysed. Our findings suggest the effectiveness of O3 exposure to induce metabolic effects in the hypothalamus and BAT of TDP-43A315T mice and could be a new complementary non-pharmacological approach for ALS therapy.
Characterization and phylogenetic implications of newly sequenced mitogenomes of Five Mileewa and Processina species from China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Mileewinae)
Authors: He Hongli , Yan Bin , Yu Xiaofei , Yang Maofa
Published: December 2022

To accumulate evidence of the phylogeny of Mileewinae and the relationships among Mileewa, Processina, and Ujna genera, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of four Mileewa spp., namely, Mileewa mira, Mileewa lamellata, Mileewa sharpa, and Mileewa amplimacula. The first complete mitogenome of the genus Processina (P. sexmaculata), established by Yang, Deitz & Li from China and comprising five species, was also sequenced in this study. Annotation showed that the five mitogenomes were 14787 –15436 bp in length, and all harbored 37 typical genes. The AT content of the five mitogenomes ranged from 78.3% to 80.2%, which was similar to that of other sequenced Mileewinae species. For protein-coding genes (PCGs), ATN was the start codon, while atp8 and nad5 genes were initiated with TTG, and a great majority of them used TAA or TAG as stop codons, whereas cox2 and nad1 ended with an incomplete codon T–. All tRNAs had a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS1, which had a reduced dihydrouridine arm. We further used 59 Membracoidea species and two outgroups to reconstruct phylogenetic trees based on 13 PCGs under an independent partition model with Bayesian inference and Maximum-likelihood methods. Among these two trees, each of the subfamilies Cicadellinae, Typhlocybinae, and Mileewinae were recovered as a monophyletic group with high support values, suggesting that Typhlocybinae was more ancient than Mileewinae and Cicadellinae. Within the Mileewinae subfamily, all species maintained the same relationships and topologies according to both the BI and ML analyses (PP > 0.8, BS > 83) as follows: (M. sharpa + (U. puerana + ((M. ponta + (M. mira + M. lamellata)) + ((M. albovittata + (M. margheritae + M. amplimacula)) + (M. rufivena + (P. sexmaculata + M. alara)))))), and the monophyly of the genera Processina, Mileewa and Ujna were not supported. This study further enriches the Mileewinae mitogenome database and will contribute to future research on the systematics, evolution, and classification of this group.
Chiral 8-aminoBODIPY-based fluorescent probes with site selectivity for the quantitative detection of HSA in biological samples
Authors: Jithinraj Thekke Kunhalath , Saheer Velluvakandi Chaluvalappil , Chakkumkumarath Lakshmi
Published: December 2022

Chiral 8-aminoBODIPY derivatives quantitatively detect HSA in biological samples and exhibit site specificity in their binding to HSA. One of the enantiomers can be used for the quick identification of site II binding drugs.