bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dental Carries Prediction and Prevention
Authors: Shahane Sahil
Published: May 2024

Abstract: A large percentage of people worldwide suffer from dental cavities, which are prevalent disorders. They caused by bacterial activity, can lead to permanent damage to teeth. They pose a risk to tooth health without timely intervention. In order to stop additional harm, early identification and treatment are essential. Traditionally, x-rays or a direct visual inspection are done by dentists to detect cavities. On the other hand, automated systems that employ image processing methods including region recognition, binary image synthesis, and RGB to Gray conversion can help locate cavities in x-ray pictures. Automated tools that utilize ordinary cameras for dental image analysis are also being explored, showing promising results.
Identification of Construction Project Risks in the Indian Context: A Case Study on Building Construction
Authors: Mittal Saurav
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the risk factors prevalent in building construction projects within the Indian context, focusing on their identification, ranking, and management strategies. Through data collected from 206 construction professionals via an online questionnaire, the study employs robust reliability analysis, yielding a high Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.898, affirming the questionnaire's internal consistency and reliability. Utilizing the Relative Importance Index (RII) and Safety Risk Score (SRS), the research ranks critical risk factors, including poor stakeholder communication, inaccurate cost estimation, funding delays, and market demand fluctuations, underlining the necessity of addressing these challenges to mitigate potential impacts on project outcomes. The paper emphasizes the significance of proactive risk management strategies to ensure project success and resilience amidst evolving circumstances, providing valuable insights into construction project risks specific to the Indian landscape and offering recommendations for enhancing risk management practices in the field.
Evaluating of 14H-Piles’ Load Capacity in Cohesionless Soils for Edward’s Project Using ?-Method and Finite Element Method
Authors: Binmahfouz Yahya
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive study on evaluating the load capacity of 14H-piles in cohesionless soils for Edward's infrastructure project[1]. The project, overseen by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), focuses on bridge replacements in Edwards, Colorado, with an emphasis on foundation improvements using driven pile foundations[2]. The research utilizes Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and the β-method to assess the total bearing capacity of 14H-piles in sandy soil conditions[3]. Field exploration, including Standard Penetration Tests (SPT), is conducted to determine soil parameters, followed by calibration of soil strength parameters. The study involves modelling the piles using the Soil-Structure Interaction 3-D program (SSI3D) and comparing the total bearing capacity obtained from FEA with nominal capacities calculated by the β-method. Additionally, the paper discusses load resistance and factor design, as well as the importance of static load testing for validation[4]. The results highlight the efficacy of FEA in predicting pile behaviour and provide valuable insights for foundation design in similar geological settings.
Unveiling Crash Casualties: A Neural Network Model for Crash Type Classification Using Traffic Datasets
Authors: Shevtekar Prof. Sumit. S
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Traffic accidents, a significant public health burden with substantial economic costs, necessitate proactive measures for sustainable transportation. This study investigates the efficacy of neural networks in predicting crash types using traffic data. We propose a deep learning model that leverages the power of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for sequential traffic pattern analysis and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for extracting spatial features from traffic data. The model, trained on a labeled traffic dataset, learns to identify patterns and relationships between traffic characteristics (e.g., speed, volume, weather) and different crash types (e.g., rear-end collision, single-vehicle). The evaluation focuses on the model's accuracy in predicting crash types using metrics like precision, recall, and F1-score. This research contributes to the development of intelligent traffic management systems (ITMS) that can proactively identify and mitigate potential accidents, ultimately enhancing road safety and promoting a more sustainable transportation future.The implementation results indicate that the proposed method yields an accuracy of 82.93% approximately.
Deep Learning based Credit Card Fraudulency Detection System
Authors: G Kavyasri. , D Keerthana. , B Keerthi Reddy. , K Keerthi. , J KesavaAditya. , Kumar Prof. S. Ramesh
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Huge increase in the internet usage has been observed since last decade. It led to the emergence of services like ecommerce, tap and pay systems, online bill payment systems, etc. have proliferated and become more widely used. Due to various online payment options introduced by e- commerce and other numerous websites, the possibility of online fraud has risen drastically. Thus, due to an increase in fraud rates, research on analyzing and detecting fraud in online transactions has begun utilizing various machine learning techniques. The Deep Learning techniques viz., Convolutional Neural Network Architecture is used to detect credit card frauds in the proposed model. The Principal Component Analysis transformation gives a set of numerical input variables as output which are taken as the features to be considered. Due to confidentiality concerns, some of the original characteristics and background information about the data are not entirely disclosed. Features of credit card frauds must be chosen carefully as they play important role when deep learning techniques are used for credit card fraud detection. The TensorFlow and Keras are used for the development of the current proposed model. The proposed model aims to predict credit card frauds with 91.9% accuracy
Cross-Correlation Driven Aerial Image Segmentation: Leveraging Multi-Scale Features and Edge Information
Authors: Subha K.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images is crucial for interpreting these large, rich in information scenes and our study introduces a new method for segmenting remote sensing imagery (RSI) when faced with limited training data and imbalanced classes. Our approach utilizes a unique potential function that merges information from both super pixel segmentation and edge detection. This combination allows the model to effectively analyze features at various scales and reduce the influence of potential errors in super pixel segmentation. Furthermore, the inclusion of edge details extracted via the Sketch token algorithm refines object boundaries, yielding more accurate segmentation results. This work offers a promising solution for achieving reliable interpretation of RSIs in scenarios with limited training data.
ML Based Helmet and Number Plate Detection
Authors: Gavali Vyankatesh D.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: To improve road safety, this project introduced a unique way to check helmets and license plates using machine learning. As traffic increases exponentially, it is necessary to enforce traffic laws and comply with safety regulations, such as wearing a helmet and appropriate license plates, to reduce traffic congestion.
The Contribution of Oja in Pregnancy with Special Reference to Immuno-Modulation
Authors: Gochar Asha
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Pregnancy is one of the most significant stages in a woman's life. It refers to the time when a fetus develops inside a woman's uterus or womb. The gestation period lasts around 40 weeks from the beginning of the last menstrual period(LMP). Ayurved has mentioned a novel concept known as Oja. Oja is one of the most crucial component responsible for the up keep and nourishment of life. It is supposed to be in the heart and operates through out the entire body. Oja manages and oversees the body's whole operational system. Different Acharyas have identified Oja as Sarvadhatu Sara (essence of all Dhatus), Shukravishesha(energy), Jeevashonita (blood), Prana (vital energy), Bala(strength), Shleshma(mucus), Jeeva(life),Ushma (warmth) and so on. They have also considered Oja as Upadhatu (sub tissue) and its Vikruta Avastha (disorder)is Mala. Ayurveda explains the significance of Oja in the process of fertilisation, implantation, growth and development of the fetus during pregnancy. We can reconcile the current concept of immuno - modulation in pregnancy with our ancient theory of Oja. According to contemporary science,the immune system plays an important role in the preservation of pregnancy.
Advanced Data Extraction and Analytics Software on AWS: Revolutionizing Insights with Personalized
Authors: Gupta Dr Preeti , Kumar Shivanand , Kumar Pranav
Published: May 2024

Abstract: In the current evolving landscape of marketing, a robust analytics platform is required that integrates data from various marketing channels for insightful decision-making. This paper introduces an Integrated Marketing Data Analytics Platform, a comprehensive solution designed to enhance marketing strategies through advanced analytics. The platform amalgamates data from different marketing sources, enabling an integrated view of campaigns, customer behavior, and market trends. Key features include cross-channel analytics, predictive modeling, and real-time reporting. This research aims to empower marketing professionals with a versatile tool that maximizes the impact and outcome of marketing efforts by providing actionable insights and promoting data-driven decision-making in marketing strategy. (Abstract) Keywords: Marketing analytics, Integrated marketing data , Advanced analytics Cross-ch
Analisis Stakeholder Dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata Sangiran
Authors: Muntiyas Hendrika Ayuliani , Mafruhah Izza , Tantra I Gusti Lanang Putu
Published: May 2024

The tourism village concept makes tourism development in rural areas a sustainable and community-based sector that can have a widespread impact on the local economy. Sustainable tourism development must pay attention to all stakeholder roles in achieving goals. This research aims to analyze the role of stakeholders in the development of the Sangiran Tourism Village. This research uses the MACTOR (Matrix of Alliance, Tactics Objective and Recommendations) analysis tool. The research results show that there are three main actors in the development of the Sangiran Tourism Village, namely the Krikilan Village Government, Pokdarwis, and the Sangiran Tourism Village Management.
Pengaruh Tekanan, Kesempatan, dan Rasionalisasi Terhadap Kecurangan (Fraud) Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Kurniawati Nandia , Sarwono Aris Eddy
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of pressure, opportunity, and rationalization on fraud on financial statements. The type of data in this study is secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Brsa Efek (IDX) website. The population of this study is in transportation sub-sector companies listed on the IDX. The sampling method uses purposive sampling with the number of samples obtained, which is 9 samples in this study. The population of this study is in transportation sub-sector companies listed on the IDX. The sampling method uses purposive sampling with the number of samples obtained, which is 9 samples in this study. The analysis technique used is panel data regression. The results of this study show that pressure has a positive effect on financial statement fraud, opportunity has a positive effect on financial statement fraud, and rationalization has a negative effect on financial statement fraud.
Pengaruh Kebijakan Pajak dan Tingkat Inflasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan GDP (Gross Domestic Product)/ PDB (Produk Domestik Bruto): Tinjauan Literatur di Indonesia
Authors: Raysharie Puput Iswandyah , Rianti Alfina , Tarigan Heberyani Br , Lestari Ika Ayu , Sofian Irvina Rahimatullah , Tarigan Meiyo Glori , Saputri Tiara
Published: May 2024

The aims of research is to explore as well as analyze the impact of tax policy and inflation rates related to growth (GDP) in the context of a country's economy. The writing of this journal uses a Qualitative method, namely by using a literature study, which is often referred to as a literature review or literature review which is a systematic process of collecting, evaluating, and synthesizing existing information and knowledge in the form of journal articles, books, research reports, and other sources relevant to a particular research topic or problem. an increase in the tax rate can result in an increase in GDP because taxes collected by the government can be used to fund infrastructure projects or other public programs which in turn can encourage economic growth. The inflation rate can have a positive impact on GDP. In previous research, we can conclude that the effect of tax and inflation variables with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has produced interesting findings that show a positive relationship between these variables and GDP. In this context, this positive effect indicates that an increase in tax and inflation rates can contribute to an increase in a country's GDP.
Pesquisadores brasileiros da crise climática e seu entendimento sobre os processos de comunicação com a sociedade
Authors: Colatusso Vanessa de Cássia Witzki , Del Vecchio-Lima Myrian Regina
Published: May 2024

Abordamos nesse artigo a problemática interdisciplinar das mudanças climáticas, com ênfase na interface entre Ciência, Meio Ambiente e Comunicação. Entendemos que os pesquisadores que estudam a crise climática são fundamentais para tornar suas pesquisas compreensíveis para a sociedade e transmitir informações sobre a urgência da questão. Entrevistamos, em 2021, 15 pesquisadores para entender como eles se percebem como divulgadores de seus conhecimentos e compreendem as ações de comunicação para o enfrentamento à situação. A análise, interpretativa, foi operacionalizada por categorias temáticas. Os resultados apontam para uma carência de práticas de divulgação científica pelos pesquisadores, que preferem ser mediados por profissionais da comunicação; e um entendimento instrumental dos processos de comunicação.
Energy conservation and fluctuation theorem are incompatible for quantum work
Authors: Hovhannisyan Karen V. , Imparato Alberto
Published: May 2024

Characterizing fluctuations of work in coherent quantum systems is notoriously problematic. Here we reveal the ultimate source of the problem by proving that (A) energy conservation and (B) the Jarzynski fluctuation theorem cannot be observed at the same time. Condition A stipulates that, for any initial state of the system, the measured average work must be equal to the difference of initial and final average energies, and that untouched systems must exchange deterministically zero work. Condition B is only for thermal initial states and encapsulates the second law of thermodynamics. We prove that A and B are incompatible for work measurement schemes that are differentiable functions of the state and satisfy two mild structural constraints. This covers all existing schemes and leaves the theoretical possibility of jointly observing A and B open only for a narrow class of exotic schemes. For the special but important case of state-independent schemes, the situation is much more rigid: we prove that, essentially, only the two-point measurement scheme is compatible with B.
Robust sparse IQP sampling in constant depth
Authors: Paletta Louis , Leverrier Anthony , Sarlette Alain , Mirrahimi Mazyar , Vuillot Christophe
Published: May 2024

Between NISQ (noisy intermediate scale quantum) approaches without any proof of robust quantum advantage and fully fault-tolerant quantum computation, we propose a scheme to achieve a provable superpolynomial quantum advantage (under some widely accepted complexity conjectures) that is robust to noise with minimal error correction requirements. We choose a class of sampling problems with commuting gates known as sparse IQP (Instantaneous Quantum Polynomial-time) circuits and we ensure its fault-tolerant implementation by introducing the tetrahelix code. This new code is obtained by merging several tetrahedral codes (3D color codes) and has the following properties: each sparse IQP gate admits a transversal implementation, and the depth of the logical circuit can be traded for its width. Combining those, we obtain a depth-1 implementation of any sparse IQP circuit up to the preparation of encoded states. This comes at the cost of a space overhead which is only polylogarithmic in the width of the original circuit. We furthermore show that the state preparation can also be performed in constant depth with a single step of feed-forward from classical computation. Our construction thus exhibits a robust superpolynomial quantum advantage for a sampling problem implemented on a constant depth circuit with a single round of measurement and feed-forward.
Artropatias severas, limitações físicas e emocionais na vida da pessoa pós-infecção com o vírus chikungunya
Authors: De Jesus Cruz Daniela , De Souza Silva Fernanda , Santos Suto Cleuma Sueli , Lima Costa Laura Emmanuela , Gomes Nunes Silvana
Published: May 2024

Descrever como pessoas infectadas com o vírus Chikungunya lidam com as sequelas da doença. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza exploratória e abordagem qualitativa em um município do centro-norte do estado da Bahia. Inicialmente buscou-se nas fichas de notificação no setor de vigilância epidemiológica a identificação de casos em pessoas acima de 18 anos, com comprovação laboratorial há mais de seis meses do diagnóstico. Foram obtidas 11 entrevistas que ocorreram nos domicílios dos/as participantes, em setembro de 2022. Os dados foram tematizados e geraram uma Nuvem de Palavras e Classificação hierárquica descendente com uso do software Iramuteq. As participantes foram em maior número do sexo feminino, com média de 60 anos. A Categoria 1 retratou a lida no momento do adoecimento e comportou vocábulos como sintomas e desconfortos vivenciados após o diagnóstico. A Categoria 2 apresentou o lidar com sequelas ao longo de 7 ou 8 anos do adoecimento, refletindo as dificuldades cotidianas e limitações da doença, com os termos “remédio” e “tratamento” que parecem expressar a persistência na busca da cura da doença. Na fase crônica, ainda se percebe que a terapia não traz resultados significativos. Essa insegurança se perpetua, gerando inquietude quanto a oferta de serviço de saúde, que impacta na perda do vínculo, já que, não existe melhora do quadro, nem oferta de um tratamento terapêutico eficaz.
Impactos da polifarmácia na saúde bucal de idosos: uma revisão de escopo
Authors: Duarte Farias Gabrieli , Pimenta Vanderlei Paulo Rennan , Gomes de Santana Ilan Hudson , Batista Mélo Cláudia , Silvia Laureano Dalle Piagge Carmem
Published: May 2024

Esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar na literatura os principais impactos da polifarmácia na saúde bucal da pessoa idosa. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, cuja busca foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e Google Scholar como literatura cinzenta, sem restrição temporal. As buscas foram realizadas utilizando descritores combinados por meio dos operadores boleanos AND e OR: (“aged” OR “elderly” OR “elderlies” OR “health of the elderly”) AND (“oral manifestations” OR “oral manifestation” OR “oral health” OR “pathology, oral”) AND (“polypharmacy” OR “polymedication”). O protocolo desta revisão foi registrado na Open Science Framework, seguindo as recomendações do Manual do Instituto Joanna Briggs – JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis.  Foram encontrados 262 estudos e após a remoção dos duplicados restaram 81 artigos; em seguida foi feita a exclusão por meio do título e resumo, e depois pela leitura na íntegra, selecionando-se 5 estudos para compor a amostra final. A alteração prevalente foi a Xerostomia, sendo apresentada em 100% dos estudos selecionados. Quanto aos sinais e sintomas, observou-se boca seca, má higiene oral, presença de cárie e dificuldade em ingerir alimentos, o que algumas vezes culminou em má nutrição. Houve impacto direto da xerostomia na qualidade de vida da população idosa, tanto em relação à nutrição quanto ao comprometimento da saúde bucal.
Avaliação da funcionalidade, incapacidade e saúde mental em indivíduos pós-covid
Authors: Sayd Souza Erick Glauber , Guimarães Soares Gênesis , Santos Silva Yuri , Souza Souto Alessandra
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar e correlacionar a Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde Mental em Indivíduos com Covid Longa. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, analítico com delineamento transversal realizado através de um Questionário Sociodemográfico e dos instrumentos Self Report Questionnaire e World Health Disability Assessment Schedule aplicados em 106 adultos no interior da Bahia que apresentaram sintomas persistentes no Pós-Covid. Resultados: Na distribuição do escore do WHODAS 2.0 observou-se que apenas 2,8% não apresentaram nenhuma incapacidade nos domínios avaliados. O SRQ-20 sugeriu uma suspeita de sofrimento mental em 69,8% da amostra. Observou-se que os sujeitos com maiores pontuações no SRQ-20, obtiveram maiores pontuações no WHODAS 2.0. Ou seja, os indivíduos com suspeita de sofrimento mental no SQR-20, apresentaram graus maiores de incapacidade no WHODAS 2.0. O Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson foi aplicado nos escores do SRQ-20 e do WHODAS 2.0 para verificar a correlação entre os mesmos. O valor obtido considerando o nível de significância de 5% (p < 0.05) foi de p = 0.002413 indicando uma correlação significativa. Conclusão: Os achados da pesquisa apoiam a necessidade de estruturas de reabilitação multidisciplinares especializadas para pessoas com Covid Longa. Além disso, as condições encontradas requerem uma maior atenção da comunidade científica em estudar essa população, promovendo maiores estudos acerca do tema.
Palavras-chave: COVID-19; CIF; Saúde Mental
Os desafios para a atenção em saúde bucal dos idosos no sistema único de saúde
Authors: Borges Carla Manuela , Teixeira Coelho Thayrine , Pereira da Rocha Marcelo
Published: May 2024

A atenção em saúde bucal do idoso deve estar em sintonia com o direito universal à saúde, as necessidades e a qualidade de vida dessa população, notadamente negligenciada nas políticas de saúde. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os desafios na atenção em saúde bucal dos idosos no Sistema Único de Saúde. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a partir de busca nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, PUBMED, MEDLINE e BVS. As evidências apontam algumas necessidades e desafios, como: elevado nível de edentulismo, dificuldade de acesso aos serviços básicos e de média complexidade, como os de prótese dentária; insuficiência de ações preventivase educativas; e impactos na qualidade de vida. Para superar as ações, predominantemente curativistas e insuficientes, deve-se considerar no planejamento da saúde, a priorização desse público e um olhar mais humanizado visando à efetivação das práticas na perspectiva da integralidade, por meio do fortalecimento da rede de atenção em saúde bucal.
Palavras-chave: envelhecimento; odontologia; saúde bucal; saúde coletiva.
Construção de instrumentos que avaliam a gestão do cuidado de pessoas com doença falciforme
Authors: Souza dos Santos Farias Laís , Santana Cardoso Ana Carolina , Ramos dos Santos Isabella , Marinho dos Anjos Émile , Montargil Rocha Roseanne
Published: May 2024

O objetivo do estudo foi construir instrumentos que avaliam a gestão do cuidado de pessoas com Doença Falciforme nos Serviços de Referência de acordo com duas categorias da avaliação normativa (estrutura e processo). Trata-se de um estudo metodológico do tipo desenvolvimento realizado no período de junho a outubro de 2021 e se desenvolveu por meio das seguintes etapas: elaboração da primeira versão do Instrumento de Avaliação- Gestão do Cuidado de Pessoas com Doença Falciforme nos Serviços de Referência, encontro interdisciplinar e elaboração da segunda versão do instrumento, bem como construção de um novo sobre a satisfação do usuário. As contribuições dos participantes do encontro interdisciplinar foram analisadas de maneira qualitativa e individual, dispensando o uso de programas de softwares. Os resultados constituem a segunda versão do instrumento, composto por 12 questões referentes à dimensão estrutura e 14 acerca da dimensão processo. Obteve-se também, a elaboração do instrumento sobre a satisfação do usuário, composto pelo BLOCO I contendo 12 questões referentes aos dados pessoais e sociodemográficos e pelo BLOCO II, constituído de 14 itens relacionados à satisfação do usuário quanto ao atendimento oferecido. Considera-se, portanto, que os instrumentos de avaliação 1 e 2 foram construídos fundamentados em evidências técnico-científicas, levando-se em consideração a realidade vivenciada no serviço de referência em Doença Falciforme do município em estudo, onde os mesmos serão aplicados para possível avaliação da gestão do cuidado e qualidade do serviço.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FUNGAL DETECTION IN THE AIRWAYS AND MODERATE TO SEVERE ASTHMA IN HORSES: A CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: Barbazanges Pauline , Couroucé Anne , Digarcher Gabin Le , Cardwell Jacqueline , Schmitt Eliott , Toquet Marie-Pierre , Lemonnier Louise , Richard Eric
Published: May 2024

Background: Fungi are ubiquitous in horses’ environment. Their
contribution to the pathophysiology of severe asthma (SA) is
acknowledged, while controversies remain for mild-moderate asthma (MA).
Objectives: We hypothesized that fungi were a risk factor for
asthma. Our objective was to compare different combinations of
analytical methods (cytology, culture) and sampling sites (tracheal wash
(TW), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)) in relation to clinical
status (control, MA, SA). Study design: Prospective
cross-sectional study. Methods: The study population included
asymptomatic racing horses in the field and horses referred to the
hospital for respiratory investigations. Fungi were detected by cytology
and identified by mycology on TW and pooled BALF. Chi-square tests were
used for prevalence comparison between groups and association with
clinical investigations. Results: A total of 155 horses (85 MA,
35 SA and 35 controls) were included in the study. The overall
proportions of fungal detection in TW ranged from 45.7% to 89.4% among
groups. The prevalence of fungal detection in BALF was significantly
lower by cytology for SA (5.7%) than MA horses (23.6%) and
significantly higher by culture for MA horses (31.8%) than controls
(8.6%). Fungal detection by culture in BALF was significantly
associated with high tracheal mucus score, high neutrophil proportions
in BALF and diagnosis of MA. Main limitations: Mycology was
only performed in pooled BALF, and environment was not sampled.
Conclusion and clinical importance: Fungi were significantly
more prevalent in the airways of MA horses than SA and/or controls.
Fungal detection on TW, either by cytology or culture, was uninformative
in a clinical context. Fungal detection by culture (but not cytology) in
BALF represents a risk factor for MA.
Direct neuronal protection by the protease-activated receptor PAR4 antagonist ML354 after experimental stroke in mice
Authors: Fleischer Michael , Szepanowski Rebecca , Pesara Valeria , Bihorac Julia , Oehler Beatrice , Dobrev Dobromir , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Fender Anke
Published: May 2024

Background and Purpose Thrombo-inflammation is a key feature of stroke
pathophysiology and provides multiple candidate drug targets. Thrombin
exerts coagulation-independent actions via protease-activated receptors
(PAR), of which PAR1 has been implicated in stroke-associated
neuro-inflammation. The role of PAR4 in this context is less clear. This
study examined if the selective PAR4 antagonist ML354 provides
neuroprotection in experimental stroke and explored the underlying
mechanisms. Experimental Approach Mouse primary cortical neurons were
exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and simulated reperfusion ±
ML354. For comparison, functional Ca2+-imaging was performed upon acute
stimulation with a PAR4 activating peptide or glutamate. Male mice
underwent sham operation or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion
(tMCAO), with ML354 or vehicle treatment beginning at recanalization. A
subset of mice received a platelet-depleting antibody. Stroke size and
functional outcome were assessed. Abundance of target genes, proteins
and cell markers was determined in cultured cells and tissues by qPCR,
immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Key Results Stroke upregulates
PAR4 expression in cortical neurons in vitro and in vivo. OGD augments
spontaneous and PAR4-mediated neuronal activity; ML354 suppresses
OGD-induced neuronal excitotoxicity and apoptosis. ML354 applied in vivo
after tMCAO reduces infarct size, apoptotic markers, macrophage
accumulation and interleukin-1β expression. Platelet depletion did not
affect infarct size in mice with tMCAO ± ML354. Conclusions and
Implications Selective PAR4 inhibition during reperfusion improves
infarct size and neurological function after experimental stroke by
blunting neuronal excitability, apoptosis and local inflammation. PAR4
antagonists may provide additional neuroprotective benefits in patients
with acute stroke beyond their canonical antiplatelet action.
Spatial and Seasonal Controls on Eddy Subduction in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Chen Michael Lee , Schofield Oscar
Published: May 2024

Carbon export driven by submesoscale, eddy-associated vertical
velocities (“eddy subduction”) remains understudied, leaving a gap in
our understanding of ocean carbon sequestration. Here, we assess
mechanisms controlling eddy subduction’s spatial and seasonal patterns
using 15 years of observations from BGC-Argo floats in the Southern
Ocean. We identify signatures of eddy subduction as subsurface anomalies
in temperature-salinity and oxygen. The anomalies’ spatial distribution
is concentrated near weakly stratified areas and strong lateral buoyancy
gradients diagnosed from satellite altimetry, particularly in the
Antarctic Circumpolar Current’s standing meander regions. Meanwhile,
vertical stratification drives seasonal variability. Bio-optical proxies
associated with subsurface anomalies (such as the Chlorophyll a to
particulate backscatter ratio: Chl/bbp), indicate that eddy subduction
is most active in the spring and early summer, with freshly exported
material associated with seasonally weak vertical stratification.
Climate change is increasing ocean stratification globally, which may
weaken eddy subduction’s carbon export potential.
Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Model in Predicting Heart Disease Prevalent
Authors:   Department of Computer Science University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria, Abiola O. A. , Adebisi R. O. , Adeyemo A. B.
Published: May 2024

Heart disease stands as the foremost contributor to global mortality in the present era. While a range of medical tests aids in diagnosing various manifestations of heart disease, anticipating its occurrence without resorting to these tests presents a formidable challenge. Machine learning has revealed a potential path for comprehending extensive medical datasets, unearthing concealed insights that elude human observation. Random Forest, Logistic Regression, XG Boost, k-nearest neighbor, and Gradient boosting was used to predict instances of heart diseases based on age and gender in this study. Regardless of the dataset's generalization or gender-specific characteristics, we observed that Random Forest, XG Boost, and K-Nearest Neighbors models exhibit high robustness and minimal sensitivity to hyperparameters. While the prediction accuracy remains consistent among Random Forest, Xgboost, and K-Nearest Neighbors, the crucial features responsible for achieving that accuracy vary among them. This observation indicates that it is important to test different machine learning algorithms when the interest is in prediction and understanding the most important feature(s). Keywords: Machine Learning, Heart Disease, Diagnosis, Predictions, Accuracy CISDI Journal Reference Format Abiola O. A. Adebisi R. O. Adeyemo A. B. (2024): Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Model in Predicting Heart Disease Prevalent. Computing, Information Systems, Development Informatics & Allied Research Journal. Vol 15 No 1, Pp 63-72.dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CISDI/V15N1P5. Available online at www.isteams.net/cisdijournal
Increasing medication usage and polypharmacy in type 2 diabetes: The Danish experience from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Sebastian Johansson Karl , Jimenez-Solem Espen , Studsgaard Petersen Tonny , Bring Christensen Mikkel
Published: May 2024

Objective

Type 2 diabetes often coexists with other conditions that are mendable to pharmacological treatment. We hypothesised that polypharmacy in individuals with type 2 diabetes has increased since 2000.

Research Design and Methods

Using Danish national registries, we established a cohort of all Danish individuals (aged ≥18 years) with type 2 diabetes between 2000 and 2020. We analysed the medication usage and prevalence of varying degrees of polypharmacy (≥5 or ≥10 medications), stratifying by age, sex, number of chronic diseases and socioeconomic status.

Results

The cohort grew from 84,917 patients in 2000 to 307,011 in 2020, totalling 461,849 unique patients. The number of daily medications used per patient increased from (mean±SD) 3.7±2.8 (in 2000) to 5.3±3.2 (in 2020). The lifetime risk for polypharmacy was substantial, with 89% (409,062/461,849) being exposed to ≥5 medications at some point and 47% (n=217,467/461,849) to ≥10 medications. The increases were driven by an expanding group of medications, where analgesics, antihypertensives, proton pump inhibitors, and statins had the largest net increase. Advanced age, male sex, lower socioeconomic status, and Danish ethnicity positively correlated with polypharmacy, but could not explain the overall increase in polypharmacy.

Conclusions

Medication usage and polypharmacy have increased in type 2 diabetes. While the implications and appropriateness of this increased medication use are uncertain, the results stress the increasing need for healthcare personnel to understand the potential risks associated with polypharmacy, including medication interactions, adverse effects and over- and underprescribing.
Progression-free survival after front line, second line and third line in patients with follicular lymphoma treated in clinical practice
Authors: Rajamaki Aino , Sorigue Marc , Prusila Roosa E.I. , Kuusisto Milla E.L. , Kuitunen Hanne , Jantunen Esa , Mercadal Santiago , Turpeenniemi-Hujanen Taina , Sancho Juan-Manuel , Sunela Kaisa , Kuittinen Outi
Published: May 2024

Background: The modern-day therapeutic landscape for follicular lymphoma (FL) includes a number of highly effective therapies.
Patients and methods: We set out to determine progression-free survival (PFS) after front line, second line, and third line of therapy on the basis of relevant biological characteristics and therapeutic choices. Patients (n = 743, 51% females, median 60 years old) diagnosed with grade 1–2 FL between 1997 and 2016 in nine institutions were included.
Results: The median PFS1, PFS2, and PFS3 were 8.1 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7–9.3 years), 4.2 years (95% CI: 2.8–5.6 years) and 2.2 years (95% CI 1.7–2.8 years). We found longer PFS1 for (1) females, (2) younger age, (3) lower-risk follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI), (4) standard intensity (over low intensity) regimens and (5) immunochemotherapy strategies and (6) maintenance rituximab. We found a shorter PFS2 for patients who received front-line immunochemotherapy. Older age at diagnosis correlated with a shorter PFS3. Intensity of front-line chemotherapy, maintenance, or POD24 status did not correlate with PFS2 or PFS3 in this dataset.
Interpretation: With current immunochemotherapy strategies, the natural course of FL is characterized by shorter-lasting remissions after each relapse. It will be interesting to see whether new therapies can alter this pattern.
Enamel remineralisation prospect of Moringa Oleifera hydrogel, eggshell hydrogel versus sodium fluoride varnish on artificially demineralised primary teeth: in vitro study
Authors: Essam Eliwa Mona , Mohamed Yousra , Hossam Ehsan
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The purpose of the present in vitro study is to investigate and compare the remineralising potential of Moringa Oleifera extract, eggshell, and sodium fluoride varnish on microhardness of artificially demineralised enamel of primary teeth with biomimetic minimally invasive approach following the world paradigm shift towards natural products in paediatric dentistry.
Material and methods: Sample size included 44 primary molars. The mineral content and surface microhardness of all specimens were initially assessed using energy dispersive x-ray examination (EDX) and Vickers microhardness. The specimens were artificially demineralised for 96 h at a temperature of 37°C and then reassessed directly after demineralisation. The demineralised enamel specimens were randomly divided into four groups according to the remineralisation regimen utilised. Group 1: Artificial saliva (control); Group 2: Sodium fluoride varnish; Group 3: Eggshell hydrogel; and Group 4: Moringa Oleifera hydrogel. The specimens were stored for 8 days and then subsequently evaluated using EDX and microhardness assessment by Vickers microhardness test and scanning electron microscope (SEM). 
Results: Regarding the microhardness test, there was a significant difference between the Moringa Oleifera group and Eggshell group compared to fluoride varnish (p < 0.05). Regarding EDX analysis, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between Moringa Oleifera group and Eggshell group compared to fluoride varnish as the highest values were for Moringa Oleifera and Eggshell. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between Moringa Oleifera and Eggshell in both the measurements.
Conclusion: Moringa Oleifera and Eggshell might be considered as a biomimetic natural material capable of guiding enamel tissue remineralisation in early carious lesion of primary teeth.
Clinical relevance: This research demonstrated the capability for early enamel caries to be remineralised using novel materials with a naturally counterpart implicated in biomineralisation as proved to be more effective than traditionally used fluoride varnish in primary teeth.
Análisis de la variabilidad temporal de propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo en el Espinal - Tolima
Authors: Quintero Jaramillo Javier Andres , Alarcon Jimenez Milton Fredy , Lozano Triana Sandra Milena , Gámez Ávila Cindy Carolina
Published: May 2024

Los cultivos de arroz y de algodón son de gran importancia para Colombia especialmente para la zona del Tolima, en la cual se tienen grandes extensiones de suelos para su cultivo. En el Centro Agropecuario La Granja, del SENA Regional Tolima ubicada en el municipio del Espinal, se cuenta con un lote que tiene una extensión de 4,89 hectáreas (ha) para el cultivo rotatorio de arroz y algodón. En este lote, se realizaron tomas de muestras de suelos disturbadas en dos años consecutivos 2016 y 2017, para determinar su variabilidad temporal. También se definió una malla de 50 metros por 50 metros (m), compuesta por 20 puntos de muestreo. Cada punto fue georreferenciado, se tomó una muestra general con el barreno a una profundidad máxima de 15 centímetros (cm). A cada punto se les determinó propiedades físicas y químicas tales como textura, densidad real, densidad aparente, porosidad, pH, carbono orgánico, materia orgánica. Se evaluó la variabilidad espacial, covarianza y correlación de Pearson de estas propiedades y se analizó su comportamiento por medio de mapas de contorno. En los resultados obtenidos se pudo evidenciar los cambios temporales producidos en el suelo por efecto del manejo agrícola, ya sea por maquinaria o por presencia de animales, afectando la compactación y el aumento de la intensidad de encharcamiento.
La transformación de la agricultura y los sistemas alimentarios frente al cambio climático
Authors: Moreno Turriago Liliana Marcela
Published: May 2024

Desde hace varios años diversas investigaciones han demostrado el impacto de las actividades antropogénicas sobre el cambio climático y las repercusiones que éstas han tenido sobre la agricultura y los sistemas alimentarios. Se ha hecho evidente la incapacidad del medio ambiente de amortiguar los efectos causados por el hombre, por lo cual tomar acciones decisivas frente a esta problemática es inminente. En el texto se analiza cómo desde nuestro papel como consumidores, aportamos a la insostenibilidad de los sistemas productivos actuales; asimismo, se contempla la perspectiva de los productores e industriales frente a los inmensos retos que se avecinan gracias a la aceleración del cambio climático. Finalmente, se proponen tres mecanismos para fomentar el consumo y la producción responsable que pueden ser aplicados en Colombia partiendo de experiencias exitosas de otros países, donde las políticas públicas y el compromiso de los diferentes miembros de las cadenas de valor y la comunidad científica son cruciales para transformar los sistemas alimentarios, y por ende trazar un futuro sostenible para toda la sociedad.
Aproximación al análisis de sostenibilidad en la granja experimental CORHUILA, municipio de Rivera, Huila
Authors: Chavarro Parra Eduardo Jose , Mora Lamilla Sofia Imelda
Published: May 2024

En un ejercicio académico se realizó el análisis de sostenibilidad de los sistemas productivos pecuarios existentes en la Granja Experimental de Rivera de la Corporación Universitaria del Huila (CORHUILA) durante el año 2021. Para ello, se utilizó la metodología adaptada de evaluación de sostenibilidad para la agricultura y la alimentación (SAFA, por sus siglas en inglés), desarrollada por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la alimentación (FAO). En este estudio SAFA ha sido utilizado como un método de autoevaluación, que, mediante la obtención de un polígono, pudo evidenciar la evolución en temas de sostenibilidad a partir del análisis en dos momentos espacio-temporales específicos en los sistemas productivos de ganadería, porcicultura y avicultura (pollo de engorde). Al realizar el análisis, se evidenció que el sistema productivo avícola, a pesar de tener instalaciones deficientes, presenta las mejores puntuaciones en los índices de sostenibilidad evaluados. Los sistemas productivos de lechería y porcicultura obtuvieron muy buena valoración en temas relacionados con los indicadores de producción y ambiental; se espera en una próxima evaluación de sostenibilidad, mejores parámetros, resultado de las divisiones de potreros en el sistema silvopastoril y la implementación de planes de buenas prácticas pecuarias.
Técnica de inmunocastración en producciones porcícolas. Una revisión
Authors: Botero Giraldo Jesus Alejandro
Published: May 2024

Los cerdos macho se castran para reducir su comportamiento agresivo, facilitar el manejo y prevenir el olor a verraco, un olor distintivo que puede ser percibido durante la preparación o la ingestión de carne proveniente de cerdos enteros. Habitualmente en las granjas comerciales los machos son castrados durante las primeras semanas de vida de manera quirúrgica, a través de la realización de dos incisiones en el escroto con un elemento cortante, considerándose un procedimiento doloroso y estresante. Frente a esta situación, técnicas menos invasivas como la inmunocastración resulta en una alternativa a la castración quirúrgica, evitando los efectos indeseables de esta, como: dolor, estrés, malestar, pérdidas indirectas por complicaciones quirúrgicas, infecciones, hernias, mortalidad y baja eficiencia alimenticia, entre otros. Entre tanto, con el presente trabajomse pretende realizar una revisión detallada sobre esta técnica utilizada en las producciones porcícolas.
On the Role and Structural Outlook of Carboxy-Terminal Domain of Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin
Authors: VD* Trivedi
Published: May 2024

Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin, ASR represents a small family of sensory rhodopsins among a vast family of microbial rhodopsins. In contrast to other microbial sensory rhodopsins, which are known to mediate photostimulated signal relay using cognate membrane transducer, ASR interacts to plausible soluble oligomeric transducer protein. Though the atomic resolution structure ASR is available, it only included only the transmembrane domain. Interestingly the available structure is remarkably different from other microbial sensory rhodopsins, with presence of water. Additionally, the sequence of missing cytoplasmic domain contains a series of positively charged Arginine residues in it. Authors have outlined the influence of this domain in addition to flexible structural outlook using Deep Mind’s Nova Fold-2. Authors propose that charged amino acids are vital in ASR-transducer interaction. Subsequent attempts to explore the molecular basis of ASR and cognate transducer binding would be vital to understand the unique photo-mediated signal cascade in Anabaena PCC 7120.
Dermatology: Human Skin, in Reflection of Phaleristics, on Thematic Badges
Authors: KA Bugaevsky
Published: May 2024

The article presents materials related to the reflection in phaleristics, on thematic icons of human skin, its structure and function. A significant number of thematic badges are presented - 65 copies, the obverse of which is colorfully decorated with screenshots of drawings dedicated to the structure of human skin.
The Internal Aesthetics of the Human Body – A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: S Marinkovic
Published: May 2024

There is not one single article in the available literature dealing with internal aesthetics. Two brains were dissected by us, a radiogram of 1 brain was performed, 2 heads and 1 trunk were serially sectioned, and vascular casts were made of several organs. Finally, 210 histologic slices of various specimens were made. Historically, some animal and human organs, or their models, especially of the heart and liver, were used for a future prediction or as votive items in ancient times. Later on, the sacred heart was often painted in the portraits of Christ. Da Vinci and Vesalius during the Renaissance artistically presented the aesthetics of many organs, including Bourgery and Pernkopf some 3 and 4 centuries later. Modern digital artists presented them in 3D. In conclusion, gifted individuals in the Paleolithic and Neolithic times, in the ancient civilizations, and in the antique period depicted several organs, mainly for religious reasons. From the Renaissance onward, and particularly in modern times, the aesthetics of virtually all organs was shown in anthropology, fine art, and medicine.