bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’éducation fonctionnelle en orthodontie, ou l’éducation des dysfonctions orofaciales dans notre pratique
Authors: Biegel Mireille
Published: February 2024

Prodiguer des soins orthodontiques requiert des connaissances approfondies multiples. Parmi ces connaissances, les fonctions orofaciales de nos patients doivent être comprises, analysées, considérées, expliquées afin de les éduquer si ces dernières sont déséquilibrantes. Le mode de ventilation est le socle commun de toutes les fonctions orofaciales. Nous ne rééduquons pas, nous éduquons. Les patients doivent être sensibilisés, prendre conscience de leur mode de fonctionnement. Les thérapeutes que nous sommes peuvent accompagner nos patients dès le plus jeune âge avec des conseils, des propositions thérapeutiques fonctionnelles via une multitude de supports. L’ éducation fonctionnelle, en limitant l' impact néfaste des dysfonctions orofaciales sur le schéma de croissance de la face, permet de diminuer la difficulté du traitement orthodontique et d’augmenter leur stabilité dans le temps grâce au rétablissement correct de l' équilibre fonctionnel orofacial.
Rééducation myofonctionnelle orofaciale avec gouttière préfabriquée (GRP) en orthodontie interceptive
Authors: Amat Philippe
Published: February 2024

La rééducation myofonctionnelle orofaciale (RMOF) est la rééducation des muscles, des fonctions et des postures de repos du complexe orofacial. Les données publiées, même de qualité méthodologique inégale, semblent montrer la supériorité d’une rééducation myofonctionnelle orofaciale associée au port d’une gouttière de rééducation préfabriquée (GRP) comparée à la mise en oeuvre d’une RMOF sans GRP. Le résultat d’un traitement orthodontique interceptif est réputé instable. Plusieurs moyens existent pour contrer ce problème d’instabilité, dont la RMOF assistée par GRP. Elle occupe un rôle central comme une clé de voûte, cette partie essentielle d’un ensemble dont tout dépend.

Un nouveau protocole de RMOF assistée par GRP en sept étapes est proposé. Individualisé, il est facilement intégré dans les rythmes de vie des patients et de leurs familles, qui perçoivent mieux la nécessité de traiter l’individu dans sa globalité. Le projet d’un nouveau modèle de gouttière de rééducation préfabriquée est exposé. Ses caractéristiques innovantes lui permettent de répondre à la quasi-intégralité des indications de RMOF en orthodontie, notamment interceptive.

Deux dossiers patients illustrent les volets clinique et administratif de cette RMOF assistée par GRP. Des approches thérapeutiques cliniques originales sont également exposées : cales de désocclusion et de recentrage mandibulaire (CDRM), cales anti-rétrusion (CAR). La RMOF assistées par GRP apparaît comme un nécessaire changement de paradigme, dont il semble utile de faire bénéficier nos patients.
Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Processes and Water Resources: Insights, Challenges, and Strategies for Resilience
Authors:   American Society of Civil Engineers, Larbi Jelian
Published: February 2024

Changes in temperature, precipitation, and the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events associated with climate change have a significant impact on the Earth's water resources
Experimental evidences of the direct influence of external magnetic fields on the mechanism of the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Mesa C. A. , Garcés-Pineda F. A. , García-Tecedor M. , Yu J. , Khezri B. , Plana-Ruiz S. , López B. , Iturbe R. , López N. , Gimenez S. , Galan-Mascaros J. R.
Published: February 2024

The use of magnetic fields as external stimuli to improve the kinetics of electrochemical reactions is attracting substantial attention, given their potential to reduce energy losses. Despite recent reports showing a positive effect on catalytic performance upon applying a magnetic field to a working electrode, there are still many uncertainties and a lack of experimental evidence correlating the presence of the magnetic field to the electrocatalytic performance. Here, we present a combination of electrochemical and spectroscopic tools that demonstrate how the presence of an external magnetic field alters the reaction mechanism of the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), accelerating the overall performance of a Ni4FeOx electrode. Complementary experimental evidence has been gathered supporting the participation of this microscopic magnetic field effect. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) points to a speed-up of the intrinsic reaction kinetics, independent of other indirect effects. In the same direction, the spectro-electrochemical fingerprint of the intermediate species that appear during the electrocatalytic cycle, as detected under operando conditions, indicates a change in the order of the reaction as a function of hole accumulation. All these experimental data confirm the direct influence of an external magnetic field on the reaction mechanism at the origin of the magnetically enhanced electrocatalytic OER.
Experimental study and numerical analysis on the axial compression performance of CFRP strip reinforced round-end aluminum alloy tube concrete column
Authors: Cheng Chuantao , Tang Congrong , Xiong Xin , Qiu Qirong , Liao Pengcheng , Motoi Iwanami
Published: February 2024

Round-end aluminum alloy tube concrete columns had good durability and were very economical, but the low strength and elastic modulus of aluminum alloy led to the need for improvement in performance. This paper proposes carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) strip reinforced round-end aluminum alloy tube concrete (CREAC) columns and investigates their mechanical properties under axial compression loads. A total of eight specimens were tested, including seven CFRP reinforced specimens and one control specimen. The effects of the width, spacing, and number of layers of CFRP strips on the axial compression performance of CREAC under the same amount of CFRP were studied. The experimental results indicate that the main failure modes of the specimen are the buckling of round-end aluminum alloy tubes and the fracture of CFRP strips. The CFRP strip can significantly improve the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen, with a maximum increase of 15.3% in the test range. When the amount of CFRP is the same, as the number of CFRP strips decreases, the bearing capacity and ductility deteriorate. Increasing the width and thickness of CFRP strips significantly improves ductility. On the basis of the validated finite element model, parameter analysis was conducted, and the calculation method for stability coefficients was fitted. A calculation method for axial compression bearing capacity suitable for CREAC was proposed, with a maximum error of less than 1% between the predicted results and experimental results.
Effective character teaching methods for L1 English Chinese-as-a-foreign-language learners
Authors: Zhang Shenglan
Published: February 2024

Chinese character instruction has been one of the most challenging aspects in teaching Chinese as a Foreign
Language (CFL). CFL teachers need access to a pool of effective character teaching methods to practice evidence-based and
research-informed teaching. This synthesis study comprises an exhaustive search of literature published from 1952 to the present
on character instruction for L1 English CFL learners and a systematic review of 22 articles identified through that search. The
articles were cross analyzed in terms of research methods, learners’ proficiency levels, learning settings, methodological
approaches, and theoretical bases. The analysis found an increasing number of studies on character teaching methods in the past
ten years and that technology plays an important role in the design of these methods. Six categories of character instructional
methods were identified out of the 39 methods examined in the literature. Within five of the categories, effective methods were
identified, described, and discussed. Analysis of the data points out the strengths and weaknesses of the current research on
character teaching and highlights the need for more research on character learning with younger learners and on using different
approaches at the curriculum level. This article concludes by identifying the next steps to take and calling for more action
research to examine the application cycle of these effective methods in classroom teaching.
Evaluation of a One Health Clinic: Enhancing access to healthcare and housing for young adults experiencing homelessness with animals
Authors: Kelley Jessica C. , Ramirez Vickie , Meisner Julianne
Published: February 2024

The One Health Clinic (OHC) is a transdisciplinary approach to healthcare services delivery, providing low-barrier healthcare and community services for people experiencing homelessness (PEH) and their companion animals that integrate human, animal, and environmental health. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an OHC model in a youth and young adult shelter on access to healthcare, housing, and community resources. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with six OHC client participants and three provider participants, and a thematic analysis was used to study the effects of the OHC model on two key outcomes: overall health for humans and their companion animal(s), and access to public services for humans and their companion animal(s). Results showed that the OHC model provides multiple services in one place which reduces barriers to accessing health services, housing, and community resources. The integrated healthcare services promote positive interactions with providers and facilitate access to healthcare, housing, and community resources for PEH and their companion animals. Settings with similar goals of client health and access to healthcare, as well as housing services and community resources, can utilize the OHC care model to integrate services for lower barrier access to healthcare and community services to promote health on an individual level and from a One Health perspective.

One Health impact statement

Our study on the OHC model demonstrates the tangible impact of integrating healthcare services for homeless young adults and their companion animals. In the One Health context, our work addresses the complex interplay between human, animal, and environmental well-being. By bridging healthcare, housing, and community resources, the OHC model enhances access and reduces barriers. The One Health approach enriches impact, as collaboration across sectors yields multifaceted benefits. The transdisciplinary nature of our research fuses academic and non-academic knowledge, ensuring a holistic perspective. Practical solutions emerge from diverse insights, transcending traditional boundaries. This co-produced transformational knowledge facilitates real-world change, impacting lives, promoting resilience, and fostering sustainability. The OHC model exemplifies how cooperative, transdisciplinary efforts yield breakthroughs that elevate health, save lives, and nurture the optimal environment for people and their companion animals to live, work, and play.
Multi-Modelling Approach to Support Decision Making in Crop Protection
Authors: Fedele G. , Salotti I. , Caffi T. , Rossi V.
Published: February 2024

A more sustainable control of plant diseases is needed for the development of less intensive farming systems with reduced inputs of chemicals, including pesticides, and reduced use of natural resources. Integrated pest management (IPM) is currently the most effective method for sustainable disease control. IPM has higher complexity than conventional disease management and involves decision making at strategic, tactic, and operational levels, which is often challenging for farmers. Mathematical models are simplified representations of a crop system, which provide dynamic information about the crop status and can support decision making. In an IPM approach, plant disease models must be complemented with other models, such as models for crop growth and development, and models for fungicide dynamics. This case study describes the integration of mathematical models for plant disease, crop development, and plant protection products in a multi-modelling approach able to support multiple decision making in IPM. Downy mildew (
Plasmopara viticola)
of grapevines (
Vitis
) is used as a successful story of multiple model combinations through a web-based decision support system.

Information

© The Author 2024
Developing a Rural Tourism Route Through the Integration of Local Stakeholders: Challenges and Opportunities for Family Farmers in Porto Seguro – Bahia (Brazil)
Authors: Sant’Anna Eduardo S. , Mayer Verônica Feder , Marques Osiris
Published: February 2024

Family farming plays a key role in global food production and economic development. Rural areas in Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil, possess a rich cultural heritage, sustainable agricultural practices, and traditional communities that have been overlooked by mainstream tourism. To unlock economic opportunities for small farmers and attract diverse tourists, the local government and university (Universidade Federal Fluminense) collaborated to enhance a rural tourism route. This case study explores the synergy among local government, the university, and residents, showcasing how it can lead to creative placemaking practices in rural tourism. The study focuses on the “Motherland of Brazil” route, a sustainable tourism option, and emphasises the importance of residents’ involvement in destination planning through family farmers’ participation.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Resilience and Loyalty in the Face of Adversity: A Case of Local Employees in Kerala’s Backwater Tourism
Authors: Ajoon E. Joshu , Hayes Stu
Published: February 2024

This case study reports on Kerala’s backwater tourism and the associated experiences of houseboat employees in the sector. Kerala’s backwater tourism is a significant facet of the state’s tourism industry, drawing both foreign and domestic tourists. Houseboats, referred to as ‘kettuvallam,’ play a central role in backwater tourism, harmonizing tradition with modernity. Despite gaining global recognition, challenges such as escalating costs and external crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, have impacted Kerala’s backwater tourism sector, leading to severe hardship and job insecurity among employees. Despite these adversities, interviews conducted as part of the case study reveal remarkable levels of ongoing resilience and loyalty on the part of houseboat employees, most of whom are local residents. Their resilience and loyalty are rooted in affective commitment and intrinsic motivation, wherein houseboat employees see themselves as custodians of tradition and ambassadors of the backwater region. In turn, their unwavering dedication may be seen as being a vital factor that can contribute to the ongoing adaptability and resilience of the backwater tourism sector as a whole.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Test mass charge estimation for the space inertial sensor with extended Kalman filter
Authors: Gu Weihong , Cheng Kai , Hong Wei , Zhang Jiawei , Song Wenrui , Mo Chong , Huang Jianping , Song Wenlong
Published: February 2024

Charge Management System (CMS), aimed at mitigating charge-induced noise on an isolated free-falling test mass (TM), is a crucial component of space inertial sensors in various spaceborne gravitational missions. The estimation of TM charge is one of the tasks of CMS, directly impacting CMS performance. However, current methods for TM charge estimation suffer from slow response and significant estimation errors. This paper presents a new charge estimation method that combines the force modulation principle with an extended Kalman filter (EKF). We analyzed the relationship between the TM surface potential and TM motion, then established a mathematical model. The estimation of TM charge is accomplished through the EKF algorithm. A charge estimation simulation model was developed in Simulink, and experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the charge estimation methods under varying charge conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the EKF method obtains more accurate estimation results and faster convergence rates, compared with Kalman Filter (KF) and Quadrature demodulation (QD) methods. The KF and QD methods show larger errors when the estimated charge is greater than 106e order, meanwhile the QD method exhibits slower convergence rates. The presented method is expected to be beneficial for the CMS of on-orbit inertial sensors.
High-precision robotic kinematic parameter identification and positioning error compensation method for industrial robot
Authors: Jiang Guanchang , Ma Yinglun , Guo Zhibo , Li Ming , Chen Hongfang , Shi Zhaoyao
Published: February 2024

A method based on laser tracing multi-station measurement technology is proposed in this paper. The method identifies the robotic kinematic parameters and compensates for the absolute positioning errors of industrial robots to improve the absolute positioning accuracy further. The position coordinates of industrial robots are typically measured using laser tracking devices. In this study, the measurement accuracy of an industrial robot is further enhanced using laser tracer multi-station measurement technology. Additionally, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to identify the robotic kinematic parameters. Compared with the commonly used least squares algorithm, the LASSO algorithm improved the parameter identification accuracy and the compensation effect on absolute positioning errors. A position error model was established based on the parameters of the modified Denavit–Hartenberg model of an industrial robot. Using the LASSO algorithm, the robotic kinematic parameters were accurately identified, and the original data in the controller were replaced to compensate for the geometric errors of the industrial robot. In the compensation experiments, after implementing the geometric error compensation, the average absolute positioning error of the industrial robot decreased by 41.15%, demonstrating a significant improvement in the absolute positioning accuracy.
An iterative reconstruction algorithm for unsupervised PET image
Authors: Wang Siqi , Liu Bing , Xie Furan , Chai Li
Published: February 2024

Objective. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great potential in positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction. However, most of them rely on many low-quality and high-quality reference PET image pairs for training, which are not always feasible in clinical practice. On the other hand, many works improve the quality of PET image reconstruction by adding explicit regularization or optimizing the network structure, which may lead to complex optimization problems. Approach. In this paper, we develop a novel iterative reconstruction algorithm by integrating the deep image prior (DIP) framework, which only needs the prior information (e.g. MRI) and sinogram data of patients. To be specific, we construct the objective function as a constrained optimization problem and utilize the existing PET image reconstruction packages to streamline calculations. Moreover, to further improve both the reconstruction quality and speed, we introduce the Nesterov’s acceleration part and the restart mechanism in each iteration. Main results. 2D experiments on PET data sets based on computer simulations and real patients demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can outperform existing MLEM-GF, KEM and DIPRecon methods. Significance. Unlike traditional CNN methods, the proposed algorithm does not rely on large data sets, but only leverages inter-patient information. Furthermore, we enhance reconstruction performance by optimizing the iterative algorithm. Notably, the proposed method does not require much modification of the basic algorithm, allowing for easy integration into standard implementations.
A harmonic method for measuring electron temperature and ion density using an asymmetric double probe
Authors: Eo Hyundong , Park Sung Joon , Kim Ju Ho , Chung Chin-Wook
Published: February 2024

The harmonic method using a symmetric double probe was developed for measuring electron temperature and ion density Oh et al (2012 Meas. Sci. Technol.
23 085001). When an alternating voltage is applied to the symmetric double probe where the two areas of the collector for current collection are equal, the fundamental frequency current and third harmonic currents are generated. The electron temperature and ion density are obtained by measuring the fundamental frequency current and the third harmonic current. However, it is observed that the third harmonic current can rapidly decrease to the level of base noise when the ratio of the applied voltage to the electron temperature decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the harmonic currents generated to improve measurement accuracy for electron temperature and ion density. In this paper, a harmonic method using an asymmetric double probe with different collection areas is proposed to measure electron temperature and ion density. By using the double probe with different collector area, the fundamental frequency current and the second harmonic current are generated. In the proposed method, the electron temperature and ion density are obtained by measuring the fundamental frequency current and the second harmonic current. It is found that the accuracy of the electron temperature can be improved by measuring the second harmonic rather than measuring the third harmonic current. For quantitative comparison, the electron temperature and ion density obtained by the proposed method were compared with the electron temperature and electron density obtained by the measurement electron energy probability function, which showed good agreement between them in argon plasma at various conditions. In addition, it was experimentally verified that the electron temperature can be accurately measured even when the chamber is electrically insulated, and a dielectric layer is deposited on the collectors of the double probe, such as in the plasma process.
Design and experiment study of a novel dual-channel independent-coil magnetorheological grease damper
Authors: Wang Huixing , Li Dong , Xue Shuna , Sun Junjie , Wang Jiong
Published: February 2024

In order to address the issue of reduced damping force dynamic range in magnetorheological (MR) damper caused by the high zero-field viscosity of MR grease, known for its sedimentation stability, this paper introduces a novel dual-channel independent-coil MR damper (DCICMRD). Firstly, the dual-channel configuration and the magnetic circuit structure of independent coils were meticulously designed, and a genetic algorithm was employed to conduct multi-objective optimization of the structural parameters for DCICMRD. The optimization results indicate that all performance metrics of the damper post-optimization exhibit improvements exceeding 15%. Then, the theocratical model of the damping force for DCICMRD under three operational modes are established, and the output damping force of various input currents for different operating mode is obtained. Finally, the DCICMRD was manufactured and subjected to dynamic performance testing. The results revealed that the damping force dynamic range in Mode III, i.e. dual-channel structure, can achieve approximately 15 times, whereas Mode I, i.e. traditional single-channel structure, only attains approximately 9 times. The aforementioned research holds significant implications for expanding the further engineering applications of MR dampers.
Exploring chloride-induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structures through embedded piezo sensor technology: an experimental and numerical study
Authors: Morwal Tarun , Bansal Tushar , Azam Ammar , Talakokula Visalakshi , Jothi Saravanan T
Published: February 2024

Corrosion of steel in concrete is one of the major problems with respect to the durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Thus, monitoring the corrosion in real-time is essential to prevent structural damage. However, one of the main challenges is to simulate the real-time development of corrosion in the RC structure. In recent years, smart aggregates, also called embedded piezo sensors (EPS), have become increasingly popular for monitoring localized and corrosion damage in RC structures using electro-mechanical impedance (EMI). This paper presents the experimental and numerical investigation of corrosion in RC structures subjected to the chloride-laden environment using EPS via the EMI technique. To fulfil this objective, the study has been carried out in two stages such as; in the first stage, the experiments are conducted on the RC specimen, and the EMI response was obtained both in a pristine state and when accelerated corrosion progressed. In the second step, a numerical model of the RC specimen has been developed based on the experimental data in the COMSOL software, and the effect of corrosion in the form of varying mass loss percentages has been simulated. Based on the results, it is concluded that the experimental and numerical conductance signatures before and after corrosion are matched. The deterioration in terms of stiffness loss in the RC specimen was 18.20% at 30% mass loss.
Mechanistic prediction of folding angles in 4D printed shape memory polymers under varied loading conditions
Authors: Li Ye , Ponnappan Harish Kumar
Published: February 2024

Four-dimensional printing technology empowers 3D-printed structures to change shapes upon external stimulation. However, most studies did not consider recovery under loaded conditions. This paper introduces a mechanistic prediction model for forecasting recovery angles in 4D printing utilizing shape memory polymer under various loads. The model integrates Neo–Hookean model to describe the non-linear stress–strain relationship with experimentally determined force density data to characterize polymer restoration properties under various loads. Validation was demonstrated by the recovery experiment of a 3D-printed polylactic acid-thermoplastic polyurethane composite structure loaded by means of a cord and pulley mechanism. The predictive outcomes exhibited reasonable agreement with experimental results, demonstrating a trend of more accurate forecasts as the applied load increased. The model can accommodate various active materials provided that the pertaining force density data is accessible. The predictive model supports the design, optimization and material selection for 4D-printed structures to meet specific performance requirements.
A multi-directional and multi-modal galloping piezoelectric energy harvester with tri-section beam
Authors: Xia Cuipeng , Yang Jian , Tang Lihua , Yin Peilun , Li Zifan , Wang Bin , Aw Kean C
Published: February 2024

A traditional wind energy harvester based on galloping can only harvest wind energy from one specific direction, which fails to work efficiently in a natural erratic environment. In this study, we propose a galloping-based piezoelectric energy harvester that can collect energy from wind flow in a wide range of incident directions with multiple vibrational modes being excited. The proposed harvester is composed of a tri-section beam with bonded piezoelectric transducers and a square bluff body with splitters. Finite element analysis of the tri-section beam structure is first performed and confirms the clustered natural frequencies that ease the excitation of different modes. Then, the aerodynamic characteristics of various bluff bodies is conducted through computational fluid dynamics to compare the capability of galloping. Finally, the wind tunnel experiment is carried out to test the wind energy harvesting performance by utilizing the harvester’s multi-modal characteristics. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed harvester can harvest wind energy in multiple directions with the capability of galloping in multiple vibrational modes, and superior performance is achieved when the second bending mode is triggered. The novel design of the harvester from this work provides a viable solution for harvesting wind energy in a natural environment with varying wind conditions.
One-dimensional extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger models as descendants of a two-dimensional topological model
Authors: Du Tao , Li Yue-Xun , Lu He-Lin , Zhang Hui
Published: February 2024

The topological phase diagrams and finite-size energy spectra of one-dimensional extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) models with long-range hoppings on the trimer lattice are investigated in detail. Due to the long-range hoppings, the band structure of the original SSH model becomes more complicated and new phases with the large Zak phase can emerge. Furthermore, a seeming violation of bulk-edge correspondence occurs in the one-dimensional topological system whose band topology stems from the inversion symmetry. The one-dimensional models are mapped onto a two-dimensional topological model when a parameter of the one-dimensional models is regarded as an additional degree of freedom. As Fourier components of the derived two-dimensional model, phase boudaries and the finite-size spectra of one-dimensional models can be recovered from the model in the higher spatial dimensions. Then the origin of edge modes of one-dimensional models can be understood from two dimensions and we give a reasonable explanation of the violation of bulk-edge correspondence in one spatial dimension. In fact, we may give a general perspective that the topological properties of one-dimensional (lower-dimensional) systems can be found their origin from two-dimensional (higher-dimensional) systems.
Analysis of the optical and electronic characteristics of Al/NiPc complex/p-Si diode
Authors: Güllü Ö , Efe U , Tataroğlu A
Published: February 2024

The primary goal of this work is to explore how the introduction of the Nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (NiTsPc) organic interlayer influences the performance of conventional metal/semiconductor diodes. Firstly, the optical features of the NiTsPc organic film formed onto glass substrate were investigated. For this, the UV–vis spectroscopic data were used to determine various optical parameters like absorption coefficient (α), extinction coefficient (k), and refractive index (n). Then, Al/NiTsPc/p-Si diode was produced by forming ohmic and rectifier contact. The current–voltage (I-V) measurements were analyzed taking into account thermionic emission (TE) approach at room temperature. Device parameters such as ideality factor (η), barrier height (Φb), and resistance were investigated with the help of I-V technique. The Al/p-Si structure containing NiTsPc film showed good rectifying properties. In this analysis, Φb and η values were determined as 0.83 eV and 1.41, respectively, at room temperature. The device represents photovoltaic features with open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.37 V and a short-circuit current (Isc) of 8.17 μA under illumination of 100 mWcm−2. The results represent that the produced junction can be utilized in different photoelectric applications.
Characteristics mode analysis based wideband Sub-6 GHz flexible MIMO antenna using a unique hybrid decoupling structure for wearable applications
Authors: John Deepthi Mariam , Vincent Shweta , Pathan Sameena , Ali Tanweer
Published: February 2024

This article presents a compact flexible four-element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for Sub-6 GHz wearable applications. A wideband monopole antenna with a modified edge tapered radiator and a lowered ground plane is replicated to form a four-element antenna. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and holds an overall dimension of 65 × 56 × 0.25 mm3. The antenna has a measured bandwidth of 3.55–5.3 GHz with a peak gain of 4.9 dBi. A novel hybrid decoupling structure with a neutralization line in the radiator and a unique defective ground structure (DGS) suppresses the coupling current and provides isolation better than −24 dB throughout the bandwidth. The antenna design evolution is explained using characteristics mode analysis (CMA). The MIMO diversity performance is relatively good with MIMO diversity metrics showing envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) < 0.001, diversity gain > 9.99, total active reflection coefficient (TARC) < −10 dB, channel capacity loss (CCL) < 0.3 bps Hz−1 and multiplexing efficiency (ME) < −0.5. Specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis of the antenna is performed to check the antenna’s suitability in wearable applications and the proposed antenna exhibits 0.745 W kg−1 and 0.326W kg−1 for 1g and 10g of tissue respectively which is much less than the permissible international standards.
Enhanced synergistic redox activity of SrCoS/PANI for hybrid energy storage and oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Hassan Haseebul , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Akbar Saima , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Umar Ehtisham , Mohammad Saikh , Alothman Asma A , Ahmad Niaz , Elahi Ehsan
Published: February 2024

Supercapacitors (SCs) and secondary batteries (SBs) are commonly utilized for energy storage, although each has some limitations: low energy density (Ed) and power density (Pd), respectively. To address these issues, a hybrid supercapacitor is a new emerging technique known as supercapattery, which combines both of these devices to optimum the Ed and Pd in a single setting. The hydrothermal method was adopted to synthesize a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and non-toxic SrCoS/PANI, a composite material for optimum results of supercapattery. Crystallinity and morphology study of synthesized nanocomposites strontium cobalt sulfide with Polyaniline (SrCoS/PANI) were examined using SEM and XRD techniques. Initially, the performance was tested using a three-electrode setup of nanocomposites (SrCoS/PANI) in 1 M KOH electrolyte. The effectiveness of a SrCoS/PANI-activated carbon two-electrode supercapattery was examined through cyclic CV, GCD, and EIS techniques. In the two electrodes setup, the device performs admirably with an astonishing specific capacity of 139.4 C g−1, a high Ed of 29.56 Wh kg−1, and a high Pd of 800 W kg−1 at 1.0 A g−1. The cyclic stability was tested by putting the device through 5000 charging and discharging cycles, which maintained 91.65% of its Specific capacity (Qs). A hybrid nanocomposite (SrCoS/PANI) device was accomplished, with exceptional electrochemical capabilities at a low price making them a fascinating active material with potential applications in supercapattery technology. The electrocatalytic performance of the synthesized nanostructure (NSs) was studied comprehensively with regard to an oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Improving the quality and properties of GaInSb crystal with Al doping
Authors: Wang Bowen , Liu Qiang , Liu Jian , Wang Chong , Liu Juncheng
Published: February 2024

GaInSb crystal is a promising substrate material that can be used to prepare various high-performance devices. Ga0.86In0.14Sb and Al-doped Ga0.86In0.14Sb (Ga0.86In0.14Sb:Al) crystals were grown with the vertical Bridgman method (VB). The doping concentration of aluminum (Al) is 0.005–0.015 molar ratio. The effect of Al doping on the structure and properties of Ga0.86In0.14Sb crystal was studied. The results indicated that Al doping significantly reduced the segregation of indium (In) component in the crystal, with the radial segregation reaching a minimum of 0.051 mol% mm−1 and the axial segregation reaching a minimum of 0.067 mol% mm−1. The doping of Al also improved the crystal quality (lattice structure integrity) of Ga0.86In0.14Sb. The passivation and compensation of Al on the intrinsic defects of Ga0.86In0.14Sb crystal significantly inhibited the generation of dislocation, of which density decreased to 2.461 × 103 cm−2. The doping of Al as the equivalent electron element of gallium (Ga) and In not only made the carrier concentration increase to 1.848 × 1018 cm−3 but also made the carrier mobility increase to 1.982 × 103 cm2/(V·s), resulting in the resistivity decreasing to 1.261 × 10−3 Ω·cm.
Quench dynamics of a Tonks-Girardeau gas in one dimensional anharmonic trap
Authors: Kumar Debnath Pankaj , Chakrabarti Barnali , Leslie Lekala Mantile
Published: February 2024

The quench dynamics of strongly interacting bosons on quartic and sextic traps are studied by exactly solving the time-dependent many-boson Schrödinger equation numerically. The dynamics are addressed by the key measures of one-body density in conjugate space and information entropy. For both cases, rich many-body dynamics are exhibited and the loss of the Bose–Fermi oscillation in the Tonks–Girardeau limit is also attributed.
Real-time disruption prediction in multi-dimensional spaces leveraging diagnostic information not available at execution time
Authors: Vega J. , Dormido-Canto S. , Castro R. , Fernández J.D. , Murari A. ,   JET Contributors
Published: February 2024

This article describes the use of privileged information to train supervised classifiers, applied for the first time to the prediction of disruptions in tokamaks. The objective consists of making predictions with real-time signals during the discharges (as usual) but after training the predictor also with any kind of data at training time that is not available during discharge execution. The latter kind of data is known as privileged information. Taking into account the limited number of foreseen real time signals for disruption prediction at the beginning of operation in JT-60SA, a predictor with a line integrated density signal and the mode lock signal as privileged information has been developed and tested with 1437 JET discharges. The success rate with positive warning time has been improved from 45.24% to 90.48% and the tardy detection rate has diminished from 50% to 8.33%. The use of privileged information in an adaptive way also provides a remarkable reduction of false alarms from 11.53% to 1.15%. The potential of the methodology, exemplified with data relevant to the beginning of JT-60SA operation, is absolutely general and can be applied to any combination of diagnostic signals.
Advanced Noncontact Sensors for Blade Tip-Timing Systems
Authors: Procházka Pavel , Lamine Mekhalfia Mohammed , HodboĎ Robert
Published: February 2024

The conference paper addresses noncontact sensors for measuring vibrations of machine blades using the Blade Tip Timing method. An overview of sensors based on the electromagnetic principle suitable for the harsh environment of low-pressure stages of steam turbines is presented. Special attention is further given to magnetoresistive sensors and possibilities for increasing their sensitivity. Variants of the sensors with controlled, adaptive, and intelligent operating principles are discussed. The properties and advantages of each version of the solution are demonstrated.
Flyable Mirror: Airborne laser Doppler vibrometer for large engineering structures
Authors: Schewe Marvin , Ismail Mohamed A. A. , Zimmermann Robin , Durak Umut , Rembe Christian
Published: February 2024

Large engineering structures are subjected to extreme loads that may lead to early damage and hazards for the national economy and public safety. The laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) has been widely used for conducting ambient vibration testing (AVT) of large structures, such as towers and historical buildings. Its superior sensitivity and the possibility to measure at hard-to-reach locations make it a versatile tool. However, two challenges limit LDV performance significantly for AVTs of large structures: (a) optically inaccessible surfaces in which the LDV beam cannot reach the spot or the beam has a flat incline; and (b) significant optical deficiencies in long-range measurements due to air turbulence and laser speckle effects. In this paper, we report the development progress of a new LDV-based measurement system, Flyable Mirror. This system consists of a commercial LDV with novel noise suppression means at the ground and an optical beam steering unit (a mirror) carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle. Several preliminary experiments were conducted to build and test the first airborne LDV. Flyable Mirror will enable new insights into monitoring structural-aging mechanisms for which ground-mounted LDVs cannot be used.
Features extraction from cardiac-related signals: comparison among different measurement methods
Authors: Cosoli G. , Revel G.M. , Scalise L.
Published: February 2024

Heart Rate (HR), Heart Rate Variability (HRV), and cardiac time intervals are clinically relevant parameters, which can be assessed from the analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG). Some aspects of cardiac activity can be investigated also by means of different noninvasive and non-intrusive measurement methods, such as phonocardiograph (PCG), photoplethysmograph (PPG), and vibrocardiograph (VCG). However, the standard processing algorithms (i.e., Pan & Tompkins) do not allow to fully characterize waveforms different from ECG. In the past, some of the authors have already demonstrated the efficiency of a novel processing procedure for the precise HR measurement from the above-mentioned signals. In the present work, data processing procedure has been improved and deeply extended to assess HRV parameters and time intervals from all the signals acquired on an extended experimental campaign, involving 26 subjects, on whom ECG, PPG, PCG, and VCG signals were simultaneously measured. Results prove that this approach can overcome the drawbacks of standard algorithms and can be widely applied to signals of different nature to derive HR, HRV, and time intervals. As regards HR measurement, PPG proved to be the most accurate measurement method (±1.2 bpm), followed by VCG (±1.6 bpm) and PCG (±2.5 bpm). For HRV analysis in the time domain, the use of the proposed methodology allows to obtain clinically relevant parameters statistically comparable to the ECG ones. Finally, the measurement of QT interval by applying personal calibration lines allows to obtain results comparable to the gold standard technique, i.e., ECG (maximum percentage deviation reduced from 10.9% up to <4.3% in VCG).
Study of partial discharge and breakdown phenomena at triple junctions under various conditions of pressure and temperature
Authors: Szilágyi R. , Molinié Ph. , Kirkpatrick M. J. , Odic E. , Galli G. , Dessante Ph.
Published: February 2024

The presence of a triple junction constitutes a potential source of failure in many industrial applications. The reinforcement of the local electric field due to differences in relative permittivity facilitates the formation of partial discharges (PD) which weaken the insulation system and eventually lead to complete breakdown. Additionally, severe environmental conditions (temperature, pressure) associated with certain applications (e. g. nuclear or aeronautical sector) should be considered because of their influence on discharge phenomena occurring at triple junctions. In this study, the behaviour of partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and of breakdown (flash-over) voltage (BIV) is compared in the case of a triple junction with an aluminium oxide disc as a solid insulator when the system is heated up to 400 °C. While the PDIV decreases strongly for temperatures above 300 °C, this effect disappears for the BIV. It is proposed that this behaviour is due to the fact that relative permittivity of the aluminium oxide disc increases with temperature at low frequencies, but remains relatively stable at high frequencies, regardless of the temperature.
Investigation of the separation of conductive and insulating objects on a laboratory made electrostatic separator
Authors: Székely László , Kiss István , Donghyeok Gwak
Published: February 2024

Electrostatic separators are widely used to separate conductive and insulating objects up to some millimetres in size. Modelling of such equipment has been presented in several studies; laboratory and numerical models have been analysed. However, there are such situations, where larger samples of the order of centimetres have to be separated, as milling them into smaller size particles is not allowed or feasible. It was found that electrostatic separation can be used even in such cases but in a different arrangement than in the “traditional” constructions.

This paper is a continuation of a previous study, in which the separation of a constructed laboratory separator was examined. The model was built in a circular plate arrangement with high voltage needle electrodes above the edge of cylinder’s mantle, where the discharges are generated. The slope of the circular plate is steadily decreasing, so the samples on the edge of the plate produce an increasing angle of inclination along the circumference. Charged samples stick to the plate, uncharged ones fall off. Some key parameters as rotation speed, electrode distance, voltage level and position of ionizer electrodes were varied.
Electrical environment can be altered at 1 km distances from high voltage power lines.
Authors: Matthews James C , Wright Matthew D , Buckley Alison J , Henshaw Denis L , Shallcross Dudley E
Published: February 2024

High voltage powerlines emit electrical charges into the atmosphere which can then attach to aerosols. This space charge above ground can be measured directly using ion spectrometers or indirectly through perturbations of the Earth’s potential gradient using field mills. Several publications are reviewed to find evidence of aerosol charging at a distance from power lines. Field measurements of charge state near to high voltage power lines selected due to their high emissions of ions measured a small positive enhancement of electrical charge on aerosols at distances greater than 300 m, corresponding to a transit time of up to 400 s A quasi one-dimensional model of ion-aerosol interactions from a high voltage powerlines found that the addition of new ions to an aerosol population will result in those ions transferring charge to the aerosol which would then remain the dominant carrier of charge several hundred meters downwind. 10-min PG measurements from a fixed site measuring in 2008 compared measurements when the site was downwind of a 275 kV powerline to times with no wind and found evidence of space charge overhead through greater fields and variability at distances over 800 m These studies combined show evidence that the electrical environment near to power lines can be altered beyond 1 km from AC high voltage power lines, with excess charges likely to be concentrated on aerosol.
Electrostatic detection and electric signalling in plants: do flowers act as antennas?
Authors: Woodburn F A , O’Reilly L J , Bentall L , Robert D
Published: February 2024

Flying insect pollinators are electrically charged. As bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) and honeybees (Apis mellifera) are almost always positively charged, they present a static electric field that is modulated by the harmonic motion of their wings. Previous research has demonstrated that as a bee approaches a flower, there is a change in the stem potential of the plant, even before the bee lands, suggesting a capacity for flowers to sense the approaching bee through its electric field. Using a combination of laboratory and field studies, we explore the potential for flowers to act as receiving antennas for electrical signals, and to transmit these signals to neighbouring plants. Results show that flowers can detect non-contact electric stimuli, presumably by charge induction, and appear not to be tuned to a specific frequency. In the field, non-contact electric stimuli can also be detected in neighbouring flowers that did not receive the aerial stimulus. This evidence demonstrates the ability of flowers to capture local, aerial electrical signals, and the plant to then transmit signals through the soil to neighbouring plants. This work highlights the significance of environmental electric fields in pollination biology.