bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postural Balance Ability and the Effect of Visual Restriction on Older Dancers and Non-Dancers
Authors: Nikolaidou Maria-Elissavet , Karfis Vasilios , Koutsouba Maria , Schroll Arno , Arampatzis Adamantios
Published: September 2021

Dance has been suggested to be an advantageous exercise modality for improving postural balance performance and reducing the risk of falls in the older population. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether visual restriction impacts older dancers and non-dancers differently during a quiet stance balance performance test. We hypothesized higher balance performance and greater balance deterioration due to visual restriction in dancers compared with non-dancers, indicating the superior contribution of the visual channel in the expected higher balance performances of dancers. Sixty-nine (38 men, 31 women, 74 ± 6 years) healthy older adults participated and were grouped into a Greek traditional dance group (n = 31, two to three times/week for 1.5 h/session, minimum of 3 years) and a non-dancer control group (n = 38, no systematic exercise history). The participants completed an assessment of one-legged quiet stance trials using both left and right legs and with eyes open while standing barefoot on a force plate (Wii, A/D converter, 1,000 Hz; Biovision) and two-legged trials with both eyes open and closed. The possible differences in the anthropometric and one-legged balance parameters were examined by a univariate ANOVA with group and sex as fixed factors. This ANOVA was performed using the same fixed factors and vision as the repeated measures factor for the two-legged balance parameters. In the one-legged task, the dance group showed significantly lower values in anteroposterior and mediolateral sway amplitudes (p = 0.001 and p = 0.035) and path length measured in both directions (p = 0.001) compared with the non-dancers. In the two-legged stance, we found a significant vision effect on path length (p < 0.001) and anteroposterior amplitude (p < 0.001), whereas mediolateral amplitude did not differ significantly (p = 0.439) between closed and open eyes. The dance group had a significantly lower CoP path length (p = 0.006) and anteroposterior (p = 0.001) and mediolateral sway amplitudes (p = 0.003) both in the eyes-open and eyes-closed trials compared with the control group. The superior balance performance in the two postural tasks found in the dancers is possibly the result of the coordinated, aesthetically oriented intersegmental movements, including alternations between one- and two-legged stance phases, that comes with dance. Visual restriction resulted in a similar deterioration of balance performance in both groups, thus suggesting that the contribution of the visual channel alone cannot explain the superior balance performance of dancers.
Preoperative Endoscopic Activity Predicts the Occurrence of Pouchitis After Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis in Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in China
Authors: Xu Weimin , Tang Wenbo , Ding Wenjun , Hu Hang , Chen Wenhao , Qian Qun , Cui Long , Ding Zhao , Du Peng
Published: September 2021

Background: Pouchitis is the most common long-term complication after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS) and Mayo endoscopic score (MES) are widely used indices to evaluate endoscopic activity. This study aimed to clarify the predictive value of preoperative endoscopic activity on the occurrence of pouchitis after IPAA.

Methods: Data of patients with UC who underwent IPAA from January 2008 to January 2020 were collected retrospectively. UCEIS and MES were based on the preoperative colonoscopy findings of two independent endoscopists.

Results: A total of 102 patients with a median follow-up of 5 (interquartile range, 2–9) years were included in the study. Among them, 21.6% developed pouchitis. Compared with MES, UCEIS had a stronger correlation with pouchitis disease activity index. UCEIS ≥ 7 had the most significant receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve area of 0.747 with a sensitivity of 68.2% and specificity of 81.2% in predicting pouchitis, which outperformed MES of 3 with an ROC area of 0.679 with a sensitivity of 54.5% and specificity of 81.2%. Furthermore, we found that UCEIS ≥ 7 was an independent risk factor for post-IPAA pouchitis [odds ratio (OR), 8.860; 95% CI, 1.969–39.865, p < 0.001] with a higher risk than MES of 3 (OR, 5.200; 95% CI, 1.895–14.273; p = 0.001).

Conclusion: Ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity performed better in predicting pouchitis after IPAA than MES. Earlier and more frequent postoperative colonoscopic surveillance should be considered in patients with preoperative UCEIS ≥ 7 to detect the occurrence of pouchitis earlier.
Spatial-Temporal Movements of Free Ranging Pigs at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface of Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda: Potential of Disease Control at a Local Scale
Authors: Payne Ariane , Ogweng Peter , Ståhl Karl , Masembe Charles , Jori Ferran
Published: September 2021

In many Ugandan rural communities, pigs are generally kept under traditional smallholder systems without basic biosecurity measures in place. In some instances, these systems are at the livestock-wildlife interface, as it is the case in Nwoya district, which is bordered by Murchison Falls National Park (MFNP). This pig system has potential for the maintenance and transmission of pathogens like African swine fever (ASF) between different herds, and also with wild pigs (warthogs and bushpigs). In this paper, we describe the spatial and temporal pattern of the movements of free ranging domestic pigs in a rural setting in Northern Uganda where ASF is endemic. We also determine their use of habitat to highlight the potential interaction hotspots between domestic pigs and between domestic and wild pig populations. We fitted 10 free-ranging domestic pigs owned by different homesteads with GPS harnesses during rainy and dry seasons. The pig home range, daily distance, activity pattern and habitat use were calculated. Our results show that the maximum area covered (MCP 100%) by the pigs varied between 35,965 and 475,077 m2. The core area varied from 1,317 to 50,769 m2. The pigs' home ranges were significantly bigger during the dry season than during the rainy season (Wilcoxon test, W = 22, p = 0.04). The mean full day (24 h) distance was longer in the dry season than in the rainy season (Student test, t = 2.7, p = 0.03). The pigs were mostly located within their own homestead, but they also used other homesteads, grass and crop fields. This study highlights that free-ranging domestic pigs may cover a wide area, especially during the dry season. Interestingly, the home range of pigs from different herds may overlap with areas used by wild pigs which share crops and other resources in this area. This study provides insights into a better understanding of the potential for spread of diseases such as ASF at small-scale and can be used to raise awareness of such risks and to better target implementation of preventive measures.
An Update on Molecular Pathways Regulating Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Osteosarcoma and Their Role in Canine Oncology
Authors: Massimini Marcella , Romanucci Mariarita , De Maria Raffaella , Della Salda Leonardo
Published: September 2021

Canine tumors are valuable comparative models for human counterparts, especially to explore novel biomarkers and to understand pathways and processes involved in metastasis. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a unique property of malignant cancer cells which promote metastasis. Thus, it represents an opportunity to investigate both the molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic targets of a crucial phenotypic malignant switch. Although this biological process has been largely investigated in different human cancer types, including osteosarcoma, it is still largely unknown in veterinary pathology, where it has been mainly explored in canine mammary tumors. The presence of VM in human osteosarcoma is associated with poor clinical outcome, reduced patient survival, and increased risk of metastasis and it shares the main pathways involved in other type of human tumors. This review illustrates the main findings concerning the VM process in human osteosarcoma, search for the related current knowledge in canine pathology and oncology, and potential involvement of multiple pathways in VM formation, in order to provide a basis for future investigations on VM in canine tumors.
Weeding Frequencies Decreased Rice–Weed Competition and Increased Rice N Uptake in Organic Paddy Field
Authors: Maimunah Margi Asih , Kautsar Valensi , Bimantara Putu Oki , Kimani Samuel Munyaka , Torita Ren , Tawaraya Keitaro , Murayama Hideki , Utami Sri Nuryani Hidayah , Purwanto Benito Heru , Cheng Weiguo
Published: September 2021

Different weeding frequencies (WFs)―0WF, 2WF, 4WF, 6WF, and 8WF―were adopted in an organic rice field to investigate their influence on weed types, rice and weed biomass, rice tiller and weed number, N concentration, and N uptake. The study field was located in Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan. Rice (cv. Sasanishiki) was planted from May to September 2019, and all weeding events were carried out until 49 days after transplantation (DAT) using a rotary weeder. Rice and weed samples were collected at 60, 88, and 110 DAT. Echinochloa crus-galli (E. crus-galli), Schoenoplectus juncoides, and Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) were the most commonly found weeds. High weed diversity was observed at both 6WF and 8WF, E. crus-galli was the dominant weed at 0WF. Compared to 0WF, 2WF displayed a significantly decreased weed biomass. However, at 8WF, the weed biomass was reduced by 79.0%, the rice biomass was increased by 277%, and the rice tiller number was almost three times higher than that at 0WF and 110 DAT. Compared to 0WF, a significantly increased rice N uptake was observed at 4WF, and rice N uptakes achieved at 6WF and 8WF were two and four times higher than those at 0WF, respectively. Higher weeding frequencies provide notable benefits in suppressing weeds and supporting rice growth, especially in N uptake competition with weeds.
Efficacy of Intra-Operative Topical Wound Anaesthesia to Mitigate Piglet Castration Pain—A Large, Multi-Centred Field Trial
Authors: Sheil Meredith , De Benedictis Giulia Maria , Scollo Annalisa , Metcalfe Suzanne , Innocent Giles , Polkinghorne Adam , Gottardo Flaviana
Published: September 2021

Piglet castration results in acute pain and stress to the animal. There is a critical need for effective on-farm methods of pain mitigation. Local anaesthesia using Tri-Solfen® (Animal Ethics Pty Ltd., Melbourne, Australia), a topical local anaesthetic and antiseptic formulation instilled to the wound during surgery, is a newly evolving on-farm method to mitigate castration pain. To investigate the efficacy of Tri-Solfen®, instilled to the wound during the procedure, to alleviate subsequent castration-related pain in neonatal piglets, we performed a large, negatively controlled, randomised field trial in two commercial pig farms in Europe. Piglets (173) were enrolled and randomised to undergo castration with or without Tri-Solfen®, instilled to the wound immediately following skin incision. A 30 s wait period was then observed prior to completing castration. Efficacy was investigated by measuring pain-induced motor and vocal responses during the subsequent procedure and post-operative pain-related behaviour in treated versus untreated piglets. There was a significant reduction in nociceptive motor and vocal response during castration and in the post-operative pain-related behaviour response in Tri-Solfen®-treated compared to untreated piglets, in the first 30 min following castration. Although not addressing pain of skin incision, Tri-Solfen® is effective to mitigate subsequent acute castration-related pain in piglets under commercial production conditions.
Superinfection with Difficult-to-Treat Pathogens Significantly Reduces the Outcome of Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Darwich Ali , Dally Franz-Joseph , Abu Olba Khaled , Mohs Elisabeth , Gravius Sascha , Hetjens Svetlana , Assaf Elio , Bdeir Mohamad
Published: September 2021

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication after total joint arthroplasty. In the course of a PJI, superinfections with pathogens that do not match the primary infecting micro-organism may occur. To our knowledge, there are no published data on the outcome of such infections in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of PJI with superinfections with a difficult-to-treat (DTT) pathogen. Data of 169 consecutive patients with PJI were retrospectively analyzed in this single-center study. Cases were categorized into: Group 1 including non-DTT-PJI without superinfection, Group 2 DTT-PJI without superinfection, Group 3 non-DTT-PJI with DTT superinfection, and Group 4 non-DTT-PJI with non-DTT superinfection. Group 3 comprised 24 patients and showed, after a mean follow-up of 13.5 ± 10.8 months, the worst outcome with infection resolution in 17.4% of cases (p = 0.0001), PJI-related mortality of 8.7% (p = 0.0001), mean revision rate of 6 ± 3.6 (p < 0.0001), and duration of antibiotic treatment of 71.2 ± 45.2 days (p = 0.0023). PJI caused initially by a non-DTT pathogen with a superinfection with a DTT pathogen is significantly associated with the worst outcome in comparison to non-DTT-PJI, PJI caused initially by a DTT pathogen, and to non-DTT-PJI with a non-DTT superinfection.
Evidence of Paraoxonases 1, 2, and 3 Expression in Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells
Authors: Pérez-Ruiz Irantzu , Ruiz-Sanz José-Ignacio , Hérnandez María-Luisa , Navarro Rosaura , Ferrando Marcos , Larreategui Zaloa , Ruiz-Larrea María-Begoña
Published: September 2021

Increasing evidence suggests that the antioxidant paraoxonase proteins, PON1, PON2, and PON3, have a role in reproduction and may be synthesized by ovarian cells. The aim of this work was to investigate whether human ovarian granulosa cells (GC) express paraoxonases 1, 2, and 3 (PON1, PON2, and PON3) at both the transcriptional and protein levels. Cells were purified from follicle samples of women undergoing ovarian stimulation at oocyte retrieval. We analyzed mRNA by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers for the different variants and quantified the proteins by Western blot using commercially available human recombinant PON proteins as standards. The protein subcellular distribution was determined by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy and the cell cycles by flow cytometry. Thymidine was used for cellular synchronization at G1/S. Human hepatoma HepG2 and immortalized granulosa COV434 cell lines were used to optimize methodologies. mRNAs from PON1, the two variants of PON2, and PON3 were detected in GC. The cells actively secreted PON1 and PON3, as evidenced by the protein detection in the incubation medium. PON1 and PON3 were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and notably in the nucleus, while PON2 colocalized with mitochondria. Subcellular nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of PON1 was associated with the cell cycle. This is the first evidence describing the presence of mRNAs and proteins of the three members of the PON family in human ovarian GC. This study provides the basis of further research to understand the role of these proteins in GC, which will contribute to a better understanding of the reproduction process.
Severity, Spatial Pattern and Statistical Analysis of Road Traffic Crash Hot Spots in Ethiopia
Authors: Tola Alamirew Mulugeta , Demissie Tamene Adugna , Saathoff Fokke , Gebissa Alemayehu
Published: September 2021

The reduction of traffic crashes, as well as their socio-economic consequences, has captivated the attention of safety professionals and transportation agencies. The most important activity for an effective road safety practice is to identify hazardous roadway areas based on a spatial pattern analysis of crashes and an evaluation of crash spatial relations with neighboring areas and other relevant factors. For decades, safety researchers have adopted several techniques to analyze historical road traffic crash (RTC) information using the advanced GIS-based hot spot analysis. The objective of this study is to present a GIS technique for identifying crash hot spots based on spatial autocorrelation analysis using a four-year (2014–2017) crash data across Ethiopian regions, as well as zones and towns in the Oromia region. The study considered the corresponding severity values of RTCs for the analysis and ranking of crash hot spot areas. The spatial autocorrelation tool in ArcGIS 10.5 was used to analyze the spatial patterns of RTCs and then the Getis Ord Gi* statistics tool was used to identify high and low crash severity cluster zones. The results showed that the methods used in this analysis, which incorporated Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation of crash incidents, Getis Ord Gi* and crash severity index, proved to be a fruitful strategy for identifying and ranking crash hot spots. The identified crash hot spot areas are along the entrance to and exit from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia’s capital city, so the responsible bodies and traffic management agencies should give top priority attention and conduct a thorough study to reduce the socio-economic effect of RTCs.
Mercury Uptake and Transport by Plants in Aquatic Environments: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ma Yuanzhang , Wang Guoyu , Wang Yuanyuan , Dai Wei , Luan Yaning
Published: September 2021

The use of phytoremediation technology to remove heavy metal ions from aquatic environments or reduce their toxicity offers the possibility of restoring the ecological environment of polluted water bodies. Based on available literature on heavy metal absorption by aquatic plants, we conducted a meta-analysis to study the absorptive capacities of different plants as well as the factors that influence their Hg-absorption performance. Seventeen plant families, including Araceae, Haloragaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, and Poaceae, have a strong Hg-absorption capacity. The root systems of aquatic plants belonging to these families are primarily responsible for this remediation function, and only a limited proportion of Hg+ that enters a plant via the root system is transferred to other plant organs. Additionally, the diversity of plant life habits (e.g., floating, submerged, and emergent) and the water pH significantly influence the ability of plants to absorb Hg. It is expected that this study will provide a reference for the cultivation of aquatic plants for restoring the ecological environment of Hg-polluted water bodies.
An Experimental and Numerical Study on Reduction of Generated Axial Force
Authors: Kim Seong Han , Kim Do Hoon , Jo Gwang Hee
Published: September 2021

This paper proposes an experimental and numerical study to reduce the generated axial force (GAF) in a tripod constant velocity joint (CVJ). Based on the GAF model developed through kinematic and frictional analysis on the tripod CVJ, the key parameters that have a significant influence on the GAF are obtained. These parameters vary with the design parameters of the CVJ and the optimal design parameter with the lowest GAF are presented. The GAF of a tripod CVJ is estimated by the developed model, with respect to various design parameters, and the results shows that track curvature highly affects the GAF whereas contact angle hardly affects the GAF. The GAF decreases with the decrease of track curvature, and the minimum GAF occurs at −20% track curvature and +20% contact angle.
Parameter Optimization of dsRNA Splicing Evolutionary Algorithm Based Fixed-Time Obstacle-Avoidance Trajectory Planning for Space Robot
Authors: Yao Junyu , Yan Wen , Lan Qijie , Liu Yicheng , Zhao Yun
Published: September 2021

This paper addresses a smoother fixed-time obstacle-avoidance trajectory planning based on double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) splicing evolutionary algorithm for a dual-arm free-floating space robot, the smoothness of large joint angular velocity is improved by 15.61% on average compared with the current trajectory planning strategy based on pose feedback, and the convergence performance is improved by 76.44% compared with the existing optimal trajectory planning strategy without pose feedback. Firstly, according to the idea of pose feedback, a novel trajectory planning strategy with low joint angular velocity input is proposed to make the pose errors of the end-effector and base converge asymptotically within fixed time. Secondly, a novel evolutionary algorithm based on the gene splicing idea of dsRNA virus is proposed to optimize the parameter of the fixed-time error response function and obstacle-avoidance algorithm, which can make joint angular velocity trajectory is planned smooth. In the end, the optimized trajectory planning strategy is applied into the dual-arm space robot system so that the robotic arm can smoothly, fast and accurately complete the tracking task. The proposed novel algorithm achieved 7.56–30.40% comprehensive performance improvement over the benchmark methods, experiment and simulation verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Novel Approach of Studying the Fluid–Structure–Thermal Interaction of the Piston–Cylinder Interface of Axial Piston Pumps
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Li Tianrui , Wang Dongyun
Published: September 2021

The friction in the swash plate type axial piston pumps is mainly influenced by the fluid film in the friction interface. The piston–cylinder interface is one of the key friction interfaces in the pumps. The film geometry is determined by the gap between the piston and the cylinder. The dimensions of the parts determine the gap geometry, and the deformation of the structure also influences the gap geometry. The fluid viscosity is strongly influenced by temperature. Thus, a novel approach of studying the fluid film, the structure, and temperature interaction is provided in this paper. A full and quick fluid–structure–thermal interaction simulation is realized. Then, a dynamic model of the piston–cylinder interface, which integrated the fluid–structure–thermal interacting effects, has been developed. Finally, an approach for calculating the extra friction force between the piston and the cylinder is provided. Compared with the measurement data, the simulation results of the axial friction force achieve a good fit. The present work allows a fast prediction and detailed support for designing the piston–cylinder interfaces.
Enhancement of Convection Heat Transfer in Air Using Ultrasound
Authors: Musielak Grzegorz , Mierzwa Dominik
Published: September 2021

The use of ultrasound is a new method to enhance convection drying. However, there is little information in the literature on the improvement of convective heat transfer caused by ultrasound. Therefore, the heat transport during ultrasound-assisted convective heating of small samples in a hybrid dryer was experimentally examined. A small Biot number regime of heat transfer was considered. The results confirmed a great enhancement of heat transfer due to the application of ultrasound. Due to the use of ultrasound, the convective heat exchange coefficient increased from 45% to almost 250%. The enhancement is a linear function of applied ultrasound power. It was shown that the energy absorption of ultrasound existed, but the thermal effect of this absorption was very small.
Biomarkers in Small Intestine NETs and Carcinoid Heart Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kalligeros Markos , Diamantopoulos Leonidas , Toumpanakis Christos
Published: September 2021

Biomarkers remain a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Traditional monoanalyte biomarkers such as Chromogranin A (CgA) and 5-Hydrocyondoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) have been widely used for many years as diagnostic, predictive and prognostic biomarkers in the field of NETs. However, the clinical utility of these molecules often has limitations, mainly inherent to the heterogeneity of NETs and the fact that these tumors can often be non-secretory. The development of new molecular multianalyte biomarkers, especially the mRNA transcript based “NETest”, has rapidly evolve the field and gives the ability for a “liquid biopsy” which can reliably assess disease status in real time. In this review we discuss the use of established and novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of small intestine NETs and carcinoid heart disease.
Reverse Engineering of the Pediatric Sepsis Regulatory Network and Identification of Master Regulators
Authors: Oliveira Raffael Azevedo de Carvalho , Imparato Danilo Oliveira , Fernandes Vítor Gabriel Saldanha , Cavalcante João Vitor Ferreira , Albanus Ricardo D’Oliveira , Dalmolin Rodrigo Juliani Siqueira
Published: September 2021

Sepsis remains a leading cause of death in ICUs all over the world, with pediatric sepsis accounting for a high percentage of mortality in pediatric ICUs. Its complexity makes it difficult to establish a consensus on genetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. A promising strategy is to investigate the regulatory mechanisms involved in sepsis progression, but there are few studies regarding gene regulation in sepsis. This work aimed to reconstruct the sepsis regulatory network and identify transcription factors (TFs) driving transcriptional states, which we refer to here as master regulators. We used public gene expression datasets to infer the co-expression network associated with sepsis in a retrospective study. We identified a set of 15 TFs as potential master regulators of pediatric sepsis, which were divided into two main clusters. The first cluster corresponded to TFs with decreased activity in pediatric sepsis, and GATA3 and RORA, as well as other TFs previously implicated in the context of inflammatory response. The second cluster corresponded to TFs with increased activity in pediatric sepsis and was composed of TRIM25, RFX2, and MEF2A, genes not previously described as acting in a coordinated way in pediatric sepsis. Altogether, these results show how a subset of master regulators TF can drive pathological transcriptional states, with implications for sepsis biology and treatment.
Affinity-Controlled Double-Network Hydrogel Facilitates Long-Term Release of Anti-Human Papillomavirus Protein
Authors: Zhao Chenjia , Ji Jingyuan , Yin Tianjun , Yang Jing , Pang Yuan , Sun Wei
Published: September 2021

Hydrogels have recently received attention as delivery carriers owing to their good biocompatibility and structural similarity to natural extracellular matrices. However, the utilization of traditional single-network (SN) hydrogels is limited by poor mechanical properties and burst drug release. Therefore, we developed a novel double-network (DN) hydrogel, which employs an alginate (ALG)/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) network to adjust the mechanical strength and a positively charged monomer AETAC (2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl-ammonium chloride) to regulate the release curve of the electronegative anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) protein (bovine β-lactoglobulin modified with 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride) based on an affinity-controlled delivery mechanism. The results show that the double-network hydrogel strongly inhibits the burst release, and the burst release amount is about one-third of that of the single-network hydrogel. By changing the concentration of the photoinitiator, the mechanical strength of the DN hydrogels can be adjusted to meet the stiffness requirements for various tissues within the range of 0.71 kPa to 10.30 kPa. Compared with the SN hydrogels, the DN hydrogels exhibit almost twice the mechanical strength and have smaller micropores. Cytotoxicity tests indicated that these SN and DN hydrogels were not cytotoxic with the result of over 100% relative proliferation rate of the HUVECs. Furthermore, DN hydrogels can significantly alleviate the burst release of antiviral proteins and prolong the release time to more than 14 days. Finally, we utilized digital light processing (DLP) technology to verify the printability of the DN hydrogel. Our study indicates that ALG/PEGDA-AETAC DN hydrogels could serve as platforms for delivering proteins and show promise for diverse tissue engineering applications.
Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Current Knowledge and Perspectives
Authors: Moati Emilie , Taly Valerie , Garinet Simon , Didelot Audrey , Taieb Julien , Laurent-Puig Pierre , Zaanan Aziz
Published: September 2021

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are major health burdens worldwide and biomarkers are needed to improve the management of these diseases along their evolution. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising non-invasive blood and other bodily-fluid-based biomarker in cancer management that can help clinicians in various cases for the detection, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and personalization of treatment in digestive oncology. In addition to the well-studied prognostic role of ctDNA, the main real-world applications appear to be the assessment of minimal residual disease to further guide adjuvant therapy and predict relapse, but also the monitoring of clonal evolution to tailor treatments in metastatic setting. Other challenges such as predicting response to treatment including immune checkpoint inhibitors could also be among the potential applications of ctDNA. Although the level of advancement of ctDNA development in the different tumor localizations is still inhomogeneous, it might be now reliable enough to be soon used in clinical routine for colorectal cancers and shows promising results in other GI cancers.
Disruption of miRNA-mRNA Networks Defines Novel Molecular Signatures for Penile Carcinogenesis
Authors: Furuya Tatiane Katsue , Murta Claudio Bovolenta , Murillo Carrasco Alexis Germán , Uno Miyuki , Sichero Laura , Villa Luisa Lina , Cardilli Leonardo , Coelho Rafael Ferreira , Guglielmetti Giuliano Betoni , Cordeiro Mauricio Dener , Leite Katia Ramos Moreira , Nahas William Carlos , Chammas Roger , Pontes José
Published: September 2021

Penile cancer (PeC) carcinogenesis is not fully understood, and no biomarkers are reported in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate molecular signatures based on miRNA and mRNA and perform an integrative analysis to identify molecular drivers and pathways for PeC development. Affymetrix miRNA microarray was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) comparing 11 tumoral tissues (TT) paired with non-neoplastic tissues (NNT) with further validation in an independent cohort (n = 13). We also investigated the mRNA expression of 83 genes in the total sample. Experimentally validated targets of DEmiRs, miRNA-mRNA networks, and enriched pathways were evaluated in silico. Eight out of 69 DEmiRs identified by microarray analysis were validated by qRT-PCR (miR-145-5p, miR-432-5p, miR-487b-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-200a-5p, miR-224-5p, miR-31-3p and miR-31-5p). Furthermore, 37 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified when comparing TT and NNT. We identified four downregulated DEmiRs (miR-30a-5p, miR-432-5p, miR-487b-3p, and miR-145-5p) and six upregulated DEGs (IL1A, MCM2, MMP1, MMP12, SFN and VEGFA) as potential biomarkers in PeC by their capacity of discriminating TT and NNT with accuracy. The integration analysis showed eight dysregulated miRNA-mRNA pairs in penile carcinogenesis. Taken together, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory roles of miRNAs and altered transcripts levels in penile carcinogenesis.
Sphingolipids in Hematopoiesis: Exploring Their Role in Lineage Commitment
Authors: Raza Yasharah , Salman Huda , Luberto Chiara
Published: September 2021

Sphingolipids, associated enzymes, and the sphingolipid pathway are implicated in complex, multifaceted roles impacting several cell functions, such as cellular homeostasis, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and more through intrinsic and autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Given this broad range of functions, it comes as no surprise that a large body of evidence points to important functions of sphingolipids in hematopoiesis. As the understanding of the processes that regulate hematopoiesis and of the specific characteristics that define each type of hematopoietic cells is being continuously refined, the understanding of the roles of sphingolipid metabolism in hematopoietic lineage commitment is also evolving. Recent findings indicate that sphingolipid alterations can modulate lineage commitment from stem cells all the way to megakaryocytic, erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid cells. For instance, recent evidence points to the ability of de novo sphingolipids to regulate the stemness of hematopoietic stem cells while a substantial body of literature implicates various sphingolipids in specialized terminal differentiation, such as thrombopoiesis. This review provides a comprehensive discussion focused on the mechanisms that link sphingolipids to the commitment of hematopoietic cells to the different lineages, also highlighting yet to be resolved questions.
ERK: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer. ERK-Dependent Apoptosis as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer
Authors: Sugiura Reiko , Satoh Ryosuke , Takasaki Teruaki
Published: September 2021

The RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular processes as exemplified by cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Activation of ERK1/2 generally promotes cell proliferation, and its deregulated activity is a hallmark of many cancers. Therefore, components and regulators of the ERK pathway are considered potential therapeutic targets for cancer, and inhibitors of this pathway, including some MEK and BRAF inhibitors, are already being used in the clinic. Notably, ERK1/2 kinases also have pro-apoptotic functions under certain conditions and enhanced ERK1/2 signaling can cause tumor cell death. Although the repertoire of the compounds which mediate ERK activation and apoptosis is expanding, and various anti-cancer compounds induce ERK activation while exerting their anti-proliferative effects, the mechanisms underlying ERK1/2-mediated cell death are still vague. Recent studies highlight the importance of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) in determining the pro- versus anti-apoptotic function of ERK in cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent major findings in understanding the role of ERK in apoptosis, focusing on the major compounds mediating ERK-dependent apoptosis. Studies that further define the molecular targets of these compounds relevant to cell death will be essential to harnessing these compounds for developing effective cancer treatments.
Muscle Regeneration and RNA: New Perspectives for Ancient Molecules
Authors: Buonaiuto Giulia , Desideri Fabio , Taliani Valeria , Ballarino Monica
Published: September 2021

The ability of the ribonucleic acid (RNA) to self-replicate, combined with a unique cocktail of chemical properties, suggested the existence of an RNA world at the origin of life. Nowadays, this hypothesis is supported by innovative high-throughput and biochemical approaches, which definitively revealed the essential contribution of RNA-mediated mechanisms to the regulation of fundamental processes of life. With the recent development of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines, the potential of RNA as a therapeutic tool has received public attention. Due to its intrinsic single-stranded nature and the ease with which it is synthesized in vitro, RNA indeed represents the most suitable tool for the development of drugs encompassing every type of human pathology. The maximum effectiveness and biochemical versatility is achieved in the guise of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are emerging as multifaceted regulators of tissue specification and homeostasis. Here, we report examples of coding and ncRNAs involved in muscle regeneration and discuss their potential as therapeutic tools. Small ncRNAs, such as miRNA and siRNA, have been successfully applied in the treatment of several diseases. The use of longer molecules, such as lncRNA and circRNA, is less advanced. However, based on the peculiar properties discussed below, they represent an innovative pool of RNA biomarkers and possible targets of clinical value.
One Year Follow Up Efficacy of the Coping Power Universal and Its Relations with Teachers’ Occupational Stress
Authors: Levantini Valentina , Ala Emanuela , Bertacchi Iacopo , Cristoni Giulia , Maggi Sara , Pontrandolfo Gaelle , Torsellini Monica , Lochman John , Muratori Pietro
Published: September 2021

The coping power universal (CPU) is an evidence-based universal prevention program delivered by teachers, and completely integrated into the school agenda. Previous studies have shown its positive effects, though little is known about its longer-term effects, and no previous study has explored whether teachers’ occupational stress could influence the CPU efficacy. The current study aimed to explore the 1 year follow up of the CPU on students’ externalizing and internalizing problems and prosocial behavior, and the influence of baseline levels of teachers’ stress in a sample of 316 3rd graders and their teachers (N = 32). Results showed that the CPU led to positive effects, not attainable with the standard curriculum. Additionally, improvements in prosocial behavior persisted even one year after the conclusion of the program. However, improvements in internalizing and externalizing problems were not maintained at the follow up, highlighting the need to understand the factors influencing the CPU efficacy. In this regard, our findings showed that high levels of teachers’ occupational stress predicted poorer improvements following the CPU, and an increase in students’ difficulties at the follow-up assessment. Addressing teachers’ stress as part of prevention programs for students could boost their efficacy and yield more lasting results.
Contribution of Neuropilin-1 in Radiation-Survived Subclones of NSCLC Cell Line H1299
Authors: Tsutsumi Kaori , Chiba Ayaka , Tadaki Yuta , Minaki Shima , Ooshima Takahito , Takahashi Haruka
Published: September 2021

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an aggressive lung cancer accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancer patients. For the patients with Stages IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC, the 5-year survival is low though with the combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the occurrence of tumor cells (repopulated tumors) that survive irradiation remains a challenge. In our previous report, we subcloned the radiation-surviving tumor cells (IR cells) using the human NSCLC cell line, H1299, and found that the expression of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) was upregulated in IR cells by the microarray analysis. Here, we investigated the contribution of neuropilin-1 to changes in the characteristics of IR cells. Although there were no differences in angiogenic activity in the tube formation assay between parental and IR cells, the cell motility was increased in IR cells compared to parental cells in the cell migration assay. This enhanced cell motility was suppressed by pretreatment with anti-NRP-1 antibody. Although further studies are necessary to identify other molecules associated with NRP-1, the increase in cellular motility in IR cells might be due to the contribution of NRP-1. Inhibition of NRP-1 would help control tumor malignancy in radiation-surviving NSCLC.
A Potential Role of the CD47/SIRPalpha Axis in COVID-19 Pathogenesis
Authors: McLaughlin Katie-May , Bojkova Denisa , Kandler Joshua D. , Bechtel Marco , Reus Philipp , Le Trang , Rothweiler Florian , Wagner Julian U. G. , Weigert Andreas , Ciesek Sandra , Wass Mark N. , Michaelis Martin , Cinatl Jindrich
Published: September 2021

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Most SARS-CoV-2 infections are mild or even asymptomatic. However, a small fraction of infected individuals develops severe, life-threatening disease, which is caused by an uncontrolled immune response resulting in hyperinflammation. However, the factors predisposing individuals to severe disease remain poorly understood. Here, we show that levels of CD47, which is known to mediate immune escape in cancer and virus-infected cells, are elevated in SARS-CoV-2-infected Caco-2 cells, Calu-3 cells, and air−liquid interface cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection increases SIRPalpha levels, the binding partner of CD47, on primary human monocytes. Systematic literature searches further indicated that known risk factors such as older age and diabetes are associated with increased CD47 levels. High CD47 levels contribute to vascular disease, vasoconstriction, and hypertension, conditions that may predispose SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals to COVID-19-related complications such as pulmonary hypertension, lung fibrosis, myocardial injury, stroke, and acute kidney injury. Hence, age-related and virus-induced CD47 expression is a candidate mechanism potentially contributing to severe COVID-19, as well as a therapeutic target, which may be addressed by antibodies and small molecules. Further research will be needed to investigate the potential involvement of CD47 and SIRPalpha in COVID-19 pathology. Our data should encourage other research groups to consider the potential relevance of the CD47/ SIRPalpha axis in their COVID-19 research.
Assessment of Patient, Physician, Caregiver, and Healthcare Provider-Related Factors Influencing “Glycemic Happiness” of Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Survey
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Sagili Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy , Sanyal Debmalya , Talwalkar Pradeep G. , Polavarapu Nareen Krishna , Gaurav Kumar , Mane Amey , Pinto Colette Stephen
Published: September 2021

A multicentric cross-sectional observational survey was conducted to understand the patient, physician, nurse, caregiver, and diabetes counselor/educator-related factors that define the “glycemic happiness” of persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Five sets of questionnaires based on a five-point Likert scale were used. A total of 167 persons with T2DM, 167 caregivers, and 34 each of physicians, nurses, and diabetes counselors/educators participated. For persons with T2DM, an adequate understanding of diabetes (mean score ± standard deviation: 4.2 ± 0.9), happiness and satisfaction with life (4.1 ± 0.8), flexibility (4.2 ± 0.8) and convenience (4.2 ± 0.7) of treatment, and confidence to handle hypo/hyperglycemic episodes (4.0 ± 0.9) were the factors positively associated with glycemic happiness. Caregivers’ factors included information from physicians on patient care (4.5 ± 0.6), constructive conversations with persons with T2DM (4.2 ± 0.8), helping them with regular glucose monitoring (4.2 ± 0.9), and caregivers’ life satisfaction (4.2 ± 0.8). Factors for physicians, nurses, and diabetes counselors/educators were belief in their ability to make a difference in the life of persons with T2DM (4.8 ± 0.4, 4.4 ± 0.5, and 4.5 ± 0.5), satisfaction from being able to help them (4.9 ± 0.3, 4.6 ± 0.5, and 4.6 ± 0.5), and professional satisfaction (4.9 ± 0.4, 4.4 ± 0.6, and 4.7 ± 0.4). Our survey identified the key factors pertaining to different stakeholders in diabetes care, which cumulatively define the glycemic happiness of persons with T2DM.
Effect of Low-Pressure Plasma Nitriding with Hollow Cathode Discharge on the Surface Microstructure of WC-Co Cermet
Authors: Peng Jihua , Xiao Yang , Peng Yinglong , Li Weiqiu , Zeng Jiwei
Published: September 2021

WC-Co cermet was plasma-nitrided with the assistance of a hollow cathode ion source at 400 °C under a vacuum of 3–8 Pa. Hot film chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) of a diamond coating was carried out on the nitrided specimen, without chemical etching. Scanning electronic microscopy, electron probing microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface microstructure of the nitride specimens and the coatings. A thin surface conversion layer with a specific structure was formed, in which the primary Co binder was transformed into Co-rich particles. The Co-rich particles consisted of a γ-Co core and a Co4N outer layer. This specific surface conversion layer significantly suppresses the out-diffusion and catalytic graphitization of Co during HFCVD. The existent phase, morphology, and density distribution of Co compounds can be tuned by varying the nitriding parameters, such as gas media, ionization ratio, bombardment energy flux, and nitriding duration.
Magnetic Properties and SAR for Gadolinium-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Kahil Heba , Faramawy Ahmed , El-Sayed Hesham , Abdel-Sattar Adel
Published: September 2021

This study is an attempt to produce gadolinium-doped iron oxide nanoparticles for the purpose of utilization in magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). Six gadolinium-doped iron oxide samples with varying gadolinium contents (GdxFe3−xO4,x=0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1) were prepared using the hydrothermal method at 180 °C and high vapor pressure to incorporate gadolinium ions in the iron oxide structure. The samples were indexed as GdIO/x, with x varying from 0.0 to 0.1. The results reveal that gadolinium ions have a low solubility limit in the iron oxide lattice (x = 0.04). The addition of gadolinium caused distortion in the produced maghemite phase and formation of other phases. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was observed that gadolinium mostly crystalized as gadolinium hydroxide, Gd (OH)3 for gadolinium concentrations above the solubility limit. The measured magnetization values are consistent with the formed phases. The saturation magnetization values for all gadolinium-doped samples are lower than the undoped sample. The specific absorption rate (SAR) for the pure iron oxide samples was measured. Sample GdIO/0.04, pure iron oxide doped with gadolinium, showed the highest potential to produce heat at a frequency of 198 kHz. Therefore, the sample is considered to hold great promise as an MFH agent.
Donor-Type Nickel–Dithiolene Complexes Fused with Bulky Cycloalkane Substituents and Their Application in Molecular Conductors
Authors: Kubo Kazuya , Sadahiro Mamoru , Arata Sonomi , Hoshino Norihisa , Kadoya Tomofumi , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Kato Reizo , Yamada Jun-ichi
Published: September 2021

The effects of substituents on the arrangement of metal–dithiolene complexes based on π-conjugated systems, which are extensively used to synthesize various functional materials, have not been studied adequately. New donor-type nickel–dithiolene complexes fused with bulky cycloalkane substituents [Ni(Cn-dddt)2] (C5-dddt = 4a,5,6,6a-pentahydro-1,4-benzodithiin-2,3-dithiolate; C6-dddt = 4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4-benzodithiin-2,3-dithiolate; C7-dddt = 4a,5,6,7,8,9,9a-heptahydro-1,4-benzodithiin-2,3-dithiolate; and C8-dddt = 4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,4-benzodithiin-2,3-dithiolate) were synthesized in this study. All the complexes were crystallized in cis-[Ni(cis-Cn-dddt)2] conformations with cis-oriented (R,S) conformations around the cycloalkylene groups in the neutral state. Unique molecular arrangements with a three-dimensional network, a one-dimensional column, and a helical molecular arrangement were formed in the crystals owing to the flexible cycloalkane moieties. New 2:1 cation radical crystals of [Ni(C5-dddt)2]2(X) (X = ClO4− or PF6−), obtained by electrochemical crystallization, exhibited semiconducting behaviors (ρrt = 0.8 Ω cm, Ea = 0.09 eV for the ClO4− crystal; 4.0 Ω cm, 0.13 eV for the PF6− crystal) under ambient pressure due to spin-singlet states between the dimers of the donor, which were in accordance with the conducting behaviors under hydrostatic pressure (ρrt = 0.2 Ω cm, Ea = 0.07 eV for the ClO4− crystal; 1.0 Ω cm, 0.12 eV for the PF6− crystal at 2.0 GPa).