bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Chest‐Laminated Ultrathin and Stretchable E‐Tattoo for the Measurement of Electrocardiogram, Seismocardiogram, and Cardiac Time Intervals
Authors: Ha Taewoo , Tran Jason , Liu Siyi , Jang Hongwoo , Jeong Hyoyoung , Mitbander Ruchika , Huh Heeyong , Qiu Yitao , Duong Jason , Wang Rebecca L. , Wang Pulin , Tandon Animesh , Sirohi Jayant , Lu Nanshu
Published: May 2019

Seismocardiography (SCG) is a measure of chest vibration associated with heartbeats. While skin soft electronic tattoos (e‐tattoos) have been widely reported for electrocardiogram (ECG) sensing, wearable SCG sensors are still based on either rigid accelerometers or non‐stretchable piezoelectric membranes. This work reports an ultrathin and stretchable SCG sensing e‐tattoo based on the filamentary serpentine mesh of 28‐µm‐thick piezoelectric polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). 3D digital image correlation (DIC) is used to map chest vibration to identify the best location to mount the e‐tattoo and to investigate the effects of substrate stiffness. As piezoelectric sensors easily suffer from motion artifacts, motion artifacts are effectively reduced by performing subtraction between a pair of identical SCG tattoos placed adjacent to each other. Integrating the soft SCG sensor with a pair of soft gold electrodes on a single e‐tattoo platform forms a soft electro‐mechano‐acoustic cardiovascular (EMAC) sensing tattoo, which can perform synchronous ECG and SCG measurements and extract various cardiac time intervals including systolic time interval (STI). Using the EMAC tattoo, strong correlations between STI and the systolic/diastolic blood pressures, are found, which may provide a simple way to estimate blood pressure continuously and noninvasively using one chest‐mounted e‐tattoo.
Engineering Cell Membrane‐Based Nanotherapeutics to Target Inflammation
Authors: Yan Huize , Shao Dan , Lao Yeh‐Hsing , Li Mingqiang , Hu Hanze , Leong Kam W.
Published: May 2019

Inflammation is ubiquitous in the body, triggering desirable immune response to defend against dangerous signals or instigating undesirable damage to cells and tissues to cause disease. Nanomedicine holds exciting potential in modulating inflammation. In particular, cell membranes derived from cells involved in the inflammatory process may be used to coat nanotherapeutics for effective targeted delivery to inflammatory tissues. Herein, the recent progress of rationally engineering cell membrane‐based nanotherapeutics for inflammation therapy is highlighted, and the challenges and opportunities presented in realizing the full potential of cell‐membrane coating in targeting and manipulating the inflammatory microenvironment are discussed.
Youth Cognitive Empowerment: Development and Evaluation of an Instrument
Authors: Speer Paul W. , Peterson N. Andrew , Christens Brian D. , Reid Robert J.
Published: May 2019

Highlights

Youth development of a cognitive understanding about social power

Measurement of the factor structure of empowerment

Advances empowerment theory and measurement with youth
Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridine Derivatives via Sequential AlCl3‐Catalyzed Condensation/Aza‐Wittig/Isomerization Reactions and a Study of their Antifungal Activities
Authors: Ren Zhi‐Lin , Su Lei , Cai Shuang , Lu Wen‐Ting , Qiao Yue , He Ping , Ding Ming‐Wu
Published: May 2019

A facile approach to access polysubstituted pyridine derivatives starting from Baylis‐Hillman adducts is disclosed. The reactions proceeded smoothly by sequential AlCl3‐catalyzed condensation/aza‐Wittig/isomerization reactions, leading to the target products at room temperature within 24 h in moderate to good yields. Furthermore, the final products were evaluated in mycelial growth tests against Pythium dissimile, Botryotinia fuckeliana and Zymoseptoria tritici and showed potential activities.
Catalytic Ammonia Oxidation to Dinitrogen by Hydrogen Atom Abstraction
Authors: Bhattacharya Papri , Heiden Zachariah M. , Chambers Geoffrey M. , Johnson Samantha I. , Bullock R. Morris , Mock Michael T.
Published: May 2019

Catalysts for the oxidation of NH3 are critical for the utilization of NH3 as a large‐scale energy carrier. Molecular catalysts capable of oxidizing NH3 to N2 are rare. This report describes the use of [Cp*Ru(PtBu2NPh2)(15NH3)][BArF4], (PtBu2NPh2=1,5‐di(phenylaza)‐3,7‐di(tert‐butylphospha)cyclooctane; ArF=3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3), to catalytically oxidize NH3 to dinitrogen under ambient conditions. The cleavage of six N−H bonds and the formation of an N≡N bond was achieved by coupling H+ and e− transfers as net hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) steps using the 2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenoxyl radical (tBu3ArO.) as the H atom acceptor. Employing an excess of tBu3ArO. under 1 atm of NH3 gas at 23 °C resulted in up to ten turnovers. Nitrogen isotopic (15N) labeling studies provide initial mechanistic information suggesting a monometallic pathway during the N⋅⋅⋅N bond‐forming step in the catalytic cycle.
Swelling‐Induced Chain Stretching Enhances Hydrolytic Degrafting of Hydrophobic Polymer Brushes in Organic Media
Authors: Wang Jian , Klok Harm‐Anton
Published: May 2019

Hydrophilic polymer brushes grown via surface‐initiated polymerization from silicon oxide surfaces can detach or degraft in aqueous media. Degrafting of these chain end‐tethered polymers is believed to involve hydrolysis of bonds at the polymer–substrate interface. Degrafting so far has not been reported for hydrophobic polymer brushes in non‐aqueous media. This study has investigated the degrafting and swelling properties of poly(tert‐butyl methacrylate) (PtBMA) brushes in different water‐miscible, organic solvents, viz. DMF, acetone and THF. In the presence of a sufficient quantity of water in the organic solvent, degrafting was also observed for PtBMA brushes. More importantly, however, the rate of degrafting depended on the nature of the organic solvent and the apparent initial rate constant of the degrafting reaction was found to correlate with the swelling ratio of the polymer brush in the different solvents. This correlation is first, direct evidence in support of the hypothesis that degrafting is facilitated by a tension that acts on the bond(s) that tether the polymer chains to the surface and which is amplified upon swelling of the polymer brush.
Highly Efficient CO2 Utilization via Aqueous Zinc– or Aluminum–CO2 Systems for Hydrogen Gas Evolution and Electricity Production
Authors: Kim Changmin , Kim Jeongwon , Joo Sangwook , Yang Yejin , Shin Jeeyoung , Liu Meilin , Cho Jaephil , Kim Guntae
Published: May 2019

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased from 278 to 408 parts per million (ppm) over the industrial period and has critically impacted climate change. In response to this crisis, carbon capture, utilization, and storage/sequestration technologies have been studied. So far, however, the economic feasibility of the existing conversion technologies is still inadequate owing to sluggish CO2 conversion. Herein, we report an aqueous zinc– and aluminum–CO2 system that utilizes acidity from spontaneous dissolution of CO2 in aqueous solution to generate electrical energy and hydrogen (H2). The system has a positively shifted onset potential of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by 0.4 V compared to a typical HER under alkaline conditions and facile HER kinetics with low Tafel slope of 34 mV dec−1. The Al–CO2 system has a maximum power density of 125 mW cm−2 which is the highest value among CO2 utilization electrochemical system.
Abbildung des Orbitals des ungepaarten Elektrons in einem stabilen, organischen Radikal anhand seiner Kondo‐Resonanz
Authors: Patera Laerte L. , Sokolov Sophia , Low Jonathan Z. , Campos Luis M. , Venkataraman Latha , Repp Jascha
Published: May 2019

Die Adsorptionsgeometrie und elektronische Struktur eines auf einer Goldoberfläche adsorbierten Blatter‐Radikals wurden mittels einer Kombination aus hochauflösender Rasterkraftmikroskopie und Rastertunnelmikroskopie untersucht. Trotz der Hybridisierung der elektronischen Zustände des Moleküls mit Zuständen der Goldoberfläche, die eine direkte Beobachtung der Erstgenannten verhindert, kann das Orbital des ungepaarten Elektrons mit Ångström‐Auflösung untersucht werden, indem die räumliche Verteilung der Kondo‐Resonanz abgebildet wird. Das oben genannte Orbital ist bei dem hier untersuchten Blatter‐Derivat über einige, aber nicht alle Teile des Moleküls delokalisiert, wobei die Kondo‐Signatur direkt die räumliche Verteilung des Orbitals widerspiegelt. Die räumliche Kondo‐Signatur zeigt eine ausgeprägte Knotenebenenstruktur, die ebenfalls der des Orbitals des ungepaarten Elektrons entspricht. Schließlich zeigen wir, dass die Kondo‐Resonanz auch bei einer nicht‐kovalenten Dimerisierung von Molekülen erhalten bleibt.
Reducing the Exciton Binding Energy of Donor–Acceptor‐Based Conjugated Polymers to Promote Charge‐Induced Reactions
Authors: Lan Zhi‐An , Zhang Guigang , Chen Xiong , Zhang Yongfan , Zhang Kai A. I. , Wang Xinchen
Published: May 2019

Exciton binding energy has been regarded as a crucial parameter for mediating charge separation in polymeric photocatalysts. Minimizing the exciton binding energy of the polymers can increase the yield of charge‐carrier generation and thus improve the photocatalytic activities, but the realization of this approach remains a great challenge. Herein, a series of linear donor–acceptor conjugated polymers has been developed to minimize the exciton binding energy by modulating the charge‐transfer pathway. The results reveal that the reduced energy loss of the charge‐transfer state can facilitate the electron transfer from donor to acceptor, and thus, more electrons are ready for subsequent reduction reactions. The optimized polymer, FSO‐FS, exhibits a remarkable photochemical performance under visible light irradiation.
Unraveling the Interfacial Charge Migration Pathway at the Atomic Level in a Highly Efficient Z‐Scheme Photocatalyst
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Mao Yueshuang , Li Lina , Shen Zhurui , Luo Xiao , Wu Kaifeng , An Pengfei , Wang Haitao , Su Lina , Li Yi , Zhan Sihui
Published: May 2019

A highly efficient Z‐scheme photocatalytic system constructed with 1D CdS and 2D CoS2exhibited high photocatalytic hydrogen‐evolution activity of 5.54 mmol h−1 g−1with an apparent quantum efficiency of 10.2 % at 420 nm. More importantly, its interfacial charge migration pathway was unraveled: The electrons are efficiently transferred from CdS to CoS2through a transition atomic layer connected by Co–S5.8coordination, thus resulting in more photogenerated carriers participating in surface reactions. Furthermore, the charge‐trapping and charge‐transfer processes were investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy, which gave an estimated charge‐separation yield of approximately 91.5 % and a charge‐separated‐state lifetime of approximately (5.2±0.5) ns in CdS/CoS2. This study elucidates the key role of interfacial atomic layers in heterojunctions and will facilitate the development of more efficient Z‐scheme photocatalytic systems.
Phase Transformation Behavior of a Two‐Dimensional Zeolite
Authors: Bae Juna , Cichocka Magdalena O. , Zhang Yi , Bacsik Zoltán , Bals Sara , Zou Xiaodong , Willhammar Tom , Hong Suk Bong
Published: May 2019

Understanding the molecular‐level mechanisms of phase transformation in solids is of fundamental interest for functional materials such as zeolites. Two‐dimensional (2D) zeolites, when used as shape‐selective catalysts, can offer improved access to the catalytically active sites and a shortened diffusion length in comparison with their 3D analogues. However, few materials are known to maintain both their intralayer microporosity and structure during calcination for organic structure‐directing agent (SDA) removal. Herein we report that PST‐9, a new 2D zeolite which has been synthesized via the multiple inorganic cation approach and fulfills the requirements for true layered zeolites, can be transformed into the small‐pore zeolite EU‐12 under its crystallization conditions through the single‐layer folding process, but not through the traditional dissolution/recrystallization route. We also show that zeolite crystal growth pathway can differ according to the type of organic SDAs employed.
Self‐Sorting Double‐Network Hydrogels with Tunable Supramolecular Handedness and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Liu Guofeng , Zhou Cheng , Teo Wei Liang , Qian Cheng , Zhao Yanli
Published: May 2019

Self‐sorting, simultaneous, and orthogonal operations during the self‐assembly of complex mixtures are commonly observed for biological species but rare in artificial systems. In this study, we designed two gelators (LPF and LPFEG) containing the same chiral phenylalanine core but different achiral peripheral substituents to give hydrogels with opposite supramolecular handedness. When the two hydrogels were mixed, double‐network nanofibers with opposite handedness were formed by spontaneous high‐order organization and self‐sorting of the two gelators. The chiroptical activity of the double‐network hydrogels could be tuned by varying the molar ratio of LPF and LPFEG in the mixture, thus showing that the two gelators were highly independent of each other. Enhanced mechanical properties were observed for the interpenetrating networks when the LPF/LPFEG molar ratio was 3:7, with a more than fourfold increase in both the storage (G′) and loss modulus (G′′) relative to those of the individual hydrogels.
CO2Fixation and Catalytic Reduction by a Neutral Aluminum Double Bond
Authors: Weetman Catherine , Bag Prasenjit , Szilvási Tibor , Jandl Christian , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: May 2019

CO2fixation and reduction to value‐added products is of utmost importance in the battle against rising CO2levels in the Earth's atmosphere. An organoaluminum complex containing a formal aluminum double bond (dialumene), and thus an alkene equivalent, was used for the fixation and reduction of CO2. The CO2fixation complex undergoes further reactivity in either the absence or presence of additional CO2, resulting in the first dialuminum carbonyl and carbonate complexes, respectively. Dialumene (1) can also be used in the catalytic reduction of CO2, providing selective formation of a formic acid equivalent via the dialuminum carbonate complex rather than a conventional aluminum–hydride‐based cycle. Not only are the CO2reduction products of interest for C1added value products, but the organoaluminum complexes isolated represent a significant step forward in the isolation of reactive intermediates proposed in many industrially relevant catalytic processes.
Modified polyacrylamide containing phenylsulfonamide and betaine sulfonate with excellent viscoelasticity for EOR
Authors: Zhang Huichao , Gou Shaohua , Zhou Lihua , Fei Yumei , Peng Chuan , Huang Jinglun , Chen Long
Published: May 2019

The monomers containing phenylsulfonamide N‐allyl‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonamide (TCAP) and N,N‐diallyl‐4‐methyl benzenesulfonamide (TCDAP) were copolymerized with acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), and 3‐(3‐methacrylamidopropyl‐dimethylammonio)‐propane‐1‐sulfonate (MDPS), respectively, through free‐radical micellar copolymerization in deionized water for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Then, the effect of the synthesis conditions was investigated simultaneously; the copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infraredFTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the thickening function, high‐temperature resistance (120 °C), and anti‐shear ability were improved significantly. It was also found that the copolymers had excellent viscoelasticity at the lower shear frequencies. When the copolymers were dissolved in 10,000 mg L−1 NaCl, 2000 mg L−1 CaCl2, and 2000 mg L−1 MgCl2 solutions, the viscosity retention rates of AM/AA/TCAP/MDPS and AM/AA/TCDAP/MDPS were 13.3, 11.1, 10.6% and 18.6, 15.2, 11.7%, respectively. In addition, the copolymers for EOR at 60 °C were 11.4 and 13.8%, respectively, which demonstrated that the copolymers possessed excellent performance for potential application in EOR. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47971.
Reusable ionic liquid‐functionalized polystyrene for the highly efficient removal of sulfadiazine sodium
Authors: Cheng Meng , Song Gangfu , Zhu Guifen , Shi Dongyang , Fan Jing
Published: May 2019

The extensive use of sulfonamides has caused serious ecotoxicological effects, sulfonamide antibiotics are difficult to remove when they are in their anionic form. In this work, a novel polystyrene supported ionic liquid (PS‐CH2‐[TSiIm][Cl]) material was prepared for the effective removal of sulfadiazine sodium (SDS). Results showed that the adsorption efficiency maintained relatively stable and high in a wide pH (6–10) and temperature (25–70 °C) ranges. SDS adsorbed onto the PS‐CH2‐[TSiIm][Cl] could be well evaluated by Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity could be reached as high as 438.2 mg g−1. Simultaneously, the PS‐CH2‐[TSiIm][Cl] exhibited excellent removal performance toward trace SDS at ppb level (0.005 mg L−1). Common inorganic ions such as K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Cl−had no effect of on the removal of SDS even if their concentrations were 20 000 times higher than that of SDS. And the PS‐CH2‐[TSiIm][Cl] was easy to regenerate without loss in adsorption performance. Additionally, the PS‐CH2‐[TSiIm][Cl] was applied to remove the SDS from environmental water samples. The possible adsorption mechanism was also investigated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47981.
Identification of new NIK inhibitors by discriminatory analysis‐based molecular docking and biological evaluation
Authors: Cheng Gang , Mei Xiao‐Bing , Yan You‐You , Chen Jing , Zhang Bo , Li Jia , Dong Xiao‐Wu , Lin Neng‐Ming , Zhou Yu‐Bo
Published: May 2019

NF‐κB inducing kinase (NIK) is a key regulator in the noncanonical nuclear factor κB cells (NF‐κB) signaling pathway. Dysregulation of NIK is often related with autoimmune disorders and malignancies. However, the number of reported NIK inhibitors is scarce. Discriminatory analysis‐based molecular docking was used to examine the accuracy of the binding conformation and to estimate the binding affinity, leading to the identiﬁcation of several new NIK inhibitors with moderate IC50 (ranging from 48.9 to 103.4 μM). Among them, compound 5, the most potent one (IC50 48.9 ± 6.9 μM), also showed moderate antiproliferation activity against cancer SW1990 cells, with an IC50 value of 20.1 ± 6.0 μM. Further dynamic simulations were performed to provide more in‐depth details on the binding conformation of compound 5 and the NIK protein, providing some structural clues for further optimization of compound 5 as a novel NIK inhibitor.
The effects of an integrated supportive care intervention on quality of life outcomes in outpatients with breast and gynecologic cancer undergoing chemotherapy: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Klafke Nadja , Mahler Cornelia , von Hagens Cornelia , Uhlmann Lorenz , Bentner Martina , Schneeweiss Andreas , Mueller Andreas , Szecsenyi Joachim , Joos Stefanie
Published: May 2019

The aim of the Complementary Nursing in Gynecologic Oncology study was to investigate the effects of a complex, nurse‐led, supportive care intervention using Complementary and Integrative Medicine (CIM) on patients’ quality of life (QoL) and associated patient‐reported outcomes. In this prospective, pragmatic, bicentric, randomized controlled trial, women with breast or gynecologic cancer undergoing a new regimen of chemotherapy (CHT) were randomly assigned to routine supportive care plus intervention (intervention group, IG) or routine care alone (control group, CG). The intervention consisted of CIM applications and counseling for symptom management, as well as CIM information material. The primary endpoint was global QoL measured with the EORTC‐QLQ‐C30 before and after CHT. Mixed linear models considering fixed and random factors were used to analyze the data. In total, 126 patients were randomly assigned into the IG and 125 patients into the CG (median age 51 years). The patients’ medical and socio‐demographic characteristics were homogenous at baseline and at follow‐up. No group effects on QoL were found upon completion of CHT (estimate −1.04 [−4.89; 2.81]; P = 0.596), but there was a significant group difference in favor of the IG 6 months later (estimate 6.643 [1.65; 11.64]; P = 0.010). IG patients did also experience significant better emotional functioning (P = 0.007) and less fatigue (P = 0.027). The tested supportive intervention did not improve patients’ QoL outcomes directly after CHT (T3), but was associated with significant QoL improvements when considering the change from baseline to the time point T4, which could be assessed 6 months after patients’ completion of CHT. This delayed effect may have resulted due to a strengthening of patients’ self‐management competencies.
Lelio Orci, the modern master of morphology
Authors: Ribatti Domenico
Published: May 2019

Lelio Orci has made seminal contributions to our understanding of pancreatic islet structure and function. He introduced quantitative criteria to structural analysis in the study of endocrine pancreas in a series of works performed in collaboration with Albert Renold, Roger Unger, and Donald Steiner. Orci has moved islet cell morphology from the primitive era of histochemistry and electron microscopy into the modern era of cell biology, applying the most advanced techniques and covering every aspect of normal and pathological structure–function relationships. In collaboration with James Rothman in New York and Randy Schekman in Berkley, Orci discovered that the transport steps from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex, and within the Golgi, are mediated by two sets of vesicles coated with protein envelopes different from clathrin.
miR‐145 inhibits glutamine metabolism through c‐myc/GLS1 pathways in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Li Jie , Li Xu , Wu Lei , Pei Meili , Li Huijin , Jiang Yu
Published: May 2019

miR‐145 has been found to be a participant in cancer metastasis and glucose metabolism in ovarian cancer. However, the role of glutamine metabolism in ovarian cancer remains unclear. In this study, we aim to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of glutamine metabolism by miR‐145 in ovarian cancer cells. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of miR‐145 and glutaminase 1 (GLS1) were examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The protein levels of c‐myc and GLS1 were detected by western blot analysis. Luciferase reporter assays were used to validate c‐myc was a target of miR‐145. Glutamine metabolism was analyzed using assay kits. In addition, we performed luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to validate c‐myc transcription activated GLS1 and promoted GLS1 expression. The qRT‐PCR demonstrated that the mRNA level of miR‐145 and GLS1 was negatively correlated in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the log‐rank test showed that patients with high miR‐145 expression had significantly increased the overall survival. The overexpression of miR‐145 inhibited glutamine consumption, α‐ketoglutarate production, and cellular ATP levels. Furthermore, we found miR‐145 inhibited glutamine metabolism by targeting c‐myc. Moreover, c‐myc could promote GLS1 expression by transcription activated. Together, our results revealed that miR‐145 inhibited glutamine metabolism through c‐myc/GLS1 pathways in ovarian cancer cells, which may improve the current strategy of ovarian cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Impact of intravascular ultrasound‐guided drug‐eluting stent implantation on patients with chronic kidney disease: Results from ULTIMATE trial
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Gao Xiaofei , Ge Zhen , Han Leng , Lu Shu , Qian Xuesong , Li Qihua , Lu Qinghua , Chen Chonghao , Chen Shao‐Liang ,   ULTIMATE Investigators
Published: May 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the impacts of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)‐guided drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on the ULTIMATE trial.

Background

IVUS‐guided DES implantation improves clinical outcomes in complex lesions. However, routine IVUS guidance in patients with CKD remains controversial.

Methods

CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL min−1 1.73 m−2. The primary end point was target vessel failure (TVF) at 12 months, including cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target vessel revascularization.

Results

eGFR was available in 1,443 patients, of whom 723 were in the IVUS guidance group, and 720 were in the angiography guidance group. Finally, CKD was present in 349 (24.2%) patients. At 12 months, TVF in the CKD group was 7.2%, which was significantly higher than 3.2% in the non‐CKD group (p = .001). Moreover, there were 25 TVFs in the CKD patients, with 7 (3.9%) TVFs in the IVUS group and 18 (10.7%) TVFs in the angiography group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15–0.84; p = .01), whereas 35 TVFs occurred in patients without CKD, with 14 (2.6%) TVFs in the IVUS group and 21 (3.8%) TVFs in the angiography group (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.34–1.32; p = .25; p for interaction = .24).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that CKD patients undergoing DES implantations were associated with a higher risk of TVF at 12 months. More importantly, the risk of TVF in the CKD patients could be significantly decreased through IVUS guidance.

Clinical Trial

NCT02215915.
First‐in‐human experience with occlusion of the superior vena cava to reduce cardiac filling pressures in congestive heart failure
Authors: Kapur Navin K. , Karas Richard H. , Newman Sarah , Jorde Lena , Chabrashvili Tina , Annamalai Shiva , Esposito Michele , Kimmelstiel Carey D. , Lenihan Tim , Burkhoff Daniel
Published: May 2019

Background

Acutely decompensated heart failure remains a major clinical problem. Volume overload promotes cardiac and renal dysfunction and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in heart failure. We hypothesized that transient occlusion of the superior vena cava (SVC) will reduce cardiac filling pressures without reducing cardiac output or systemic blood pressure. The objective of this proof of concept study was to provide initial evidence of safety and feasibility of transient SVC occlusion in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.

Methods and Results

In eight patients with systolic heart failure, SVC occlusion was performed using a commercially available occlusion balloon. Five minutes of SVC occlusion reduced biventricular filling pressures without decreasing systemic blood pressure or total cardiac output. In three of the eight patients, a second 10‐minutes occlusion had similar hemodynamic effects. SVC occlusion was well‐tolerated without development of new symptoms, new neurologic deficits, or any adverse events including stroke, heart attack, or reported SVC injury or thrombosis at 7 days of follow up.

Conclusion

We report the first clinical experience with transient SVC occlusion as a potentially new therapeutic approach to rapidly reduce cardiac filling pressures in heart failure. No prohibitive safety signal was identified and further testing to establish the clinical utility of transient SVC occlusion for acute decompensated heart failure is justified.
Kinetic Analysis of Catalytic Organic Reactions Using a Temperature Scanning Protocol
Authors: Schmidt Olivia P. , Dechert‐Schmitt Anne‐Marie , Garnsey Michelle R. , Wisniewska Hanna M. , Blackmond Donna G.
Published: May 2019

Experimental and kinetic modelling studies are presented to describe the development of temperature scanning reaction progress protocol for batch reactions. Coupled with graphical manipulations, this approach enables the expansion of in‐situ kinetic studies from a focus on isothermal concentration profiles to include reaction temperature as a parameter for rapid kinetic and mechanistic analysis.
A Manganese N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst for Reduction of Sulfoxides with Silanes
Authors: Sousa Sara C. A. , Carrasco Carlos J. , Pinto Mara F. , Royo Beatriz
Published: May 2019

The first reduction of sulfoxides catalysed by a well‐defined manganese complex is described. A variety of sulfoxides are reduced to the corresponding sulfides in high yields using phenylsilane, diphenylsilane, and the economically feasible 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) as reducing agents in the presence of a Mn‐NHC complex. The reaction is performed under air and without the need of any additive. The involvement of radicals in the catalytic reaction is probed by spin‐trap experiments.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Bis‐thiazolium, Bis‐imidazolium, and Bis‐triazolium Derivatives
Authors: Thomas Benoît , Duval Raphaël E. , Fontanay Stéphane , Varbanov Mihayl , Boisbrun Michel
Published: May 2019

Given the worldwide spread of bacterial drug resistance, there is an urgent need to develop new compounds that exhibit potent antibacterial activity and that are unimpaired by this phenomenon. Quaternary ammonium compounds have been used for many years as disinfectants, but recent advances have shown that polycationic derivatives exhibit much stronger activity and are less prone to bacterial resistance than commonly used monocationic compounds. In this sense, we prepared three series of new bis‐cationic compounds: bis‐thiazoliums, bis‐imidazoliums, and bis‐1,2,4‐triazoliums. If some compounds of the first series showed fair antibacterial activity, most of those belonging to the two other series were highly potent, with minimum inhibitory concentrations close to 1 μg mL−1. Some of them also exhibited low toxicity toward eukaryotic MRC‐5 lung fibroblasts, and we showed that this toxicity is clearly correlated with clogP. Finally, four selected compounds were found to exhibit a clear bactericidal effect.
Multivalency in Heteroternary Complexes on Cucurbit[8]uril‐Functionalized Surfaces: Self‐assembly, Patterning, and Exchange Processes
Authors: Valderrey Virginia , Wiemann Maike , Jonkheijm Pascal , Hecht Stefan , Huskens Jurriaan
Published: May 2019

The spatial confinement of multivalent azopyridine guest molecules mediated by cucurbit[8]urils is described. Fluorescent dye‐labelled multivalent azopyridine molecules were attached to preformed methyl viologen/cucurbit[8]uril inclusion complexes in solution and at surfaces. The formation of the resulting heteroternary host–guest complexes was verified in solution and on gold substrates. Surface binding constants of the multivalent ligands were two orders of magnitude higher than that of the monovalent one. Poly‐l‐lysine grafted with oligo(ethylene glycol) and maleimide moieties was deposited on cyclic olefin polymer surfaces and further modified with thiolated methyl viologen and cucurbit[8]uril. Defined micrometer‐sized patterns were created by soft lithographic techniques. Supramolecular exchange experiments were performed on these surface‐bound heterocomplexes, which allowed the creation of cross‐patterns by taking advantage of the molecular valency, which led to the substitution of the monovalent guest by the multivalent guests but not vice versa.
Pyrrolopyrrole Aza‐BODIPY Analogues as Near‐Infrared Chromophores and Fluorophores: Red‐Shift Effects of Substituents on Absorption and Emission Spectra
Authors: Kage Yuto , Karasaki Hideaki , Mori Shigeki , Furuta Hiroyuki , Shimizu Soji
Published: May 2019

Pyrrolopyrrole aza‐BODIPY analogues (PPABs) are a new class of UV/vis and near‐infrared chromophores. Varying the substituents results in red‐shifts of both the absorption and emission spectra. Extension of the lengths of the oligothiophene substituents from thiophene to quaterthiophene caused red‐shifts of the absorption and emission from 699 and 712 nm to 809 and 853 nm, respectively. The piperidylthiophene‐substituted PPAB exhibited similar red‐shifts of the absorption and emission to 810 and 831 nm, respectively, although only a single thienyl component is present, because of the strong electron‐donating nature of the piperidine substituent.
Ice‐margin fluctuation sequences and grounding zone wedges: The record of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age in the eastern Karoo Basin (Dwyka Group, South Africa)
Authors: Dietrich Pierre , Hofmann Axel
Published: May 2019

In the eastern part of the Karoo Basin of South Africa, the sedimentary record of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age, the Dwyka Group, consists of an up to 200 m thick accumulation of massive to crudely stratified diamictite occasionally interstratified with siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate horizons. Three distinct sedimentary units, separated by intervening glacial erosion surfaces, are viewed as ice‐margin fluctuation sequences. The lowermost one, resting on highly uneven, glacially abraded Archaean basement, has been interpreted as a grounding zone wedge deposited after the retreat and stabilization of the ice margin after the inundation of the Karoo Basin. The grounding zone wedge interpretation is based on its thickness (up to 100 m), the dominance of diamictite, and its facies assemblage and inferred depositional processes (rain‐out of debris, dropstone dumping, mass and debris flow, till). Overlying the grounding zone wedge, deposits are sedimentary units interpreted as glaciofluvial or ice‐contact delta and grounding zone wedges, respectively. By analogy with Quaternary sedimentary sequences, deposition of the Dwyka Group in the study area might have been very rapid (tens to hundreds of thousand years) and may hence correlate with the ultimate deglacial sequence of the Western Karoo Basin, as both successions are covered by the postglacial Ecca Group. Although commonly observed and imaged on modern, high‐latitude continental shelves, grounding zone wedges have never been interpreted in the ancient geological record. This paper therefore outlines a model defining criteria necessary for their identification.
Mapping cortical rhythms to infant behavioral tendencies via baseline EEG and parent‐report
Authors: Perone Sammy , Gartstein Maria A.
Published: May 2019

An important goal of developmental science is to understand how the early organization of the brain and behavioral tendencies are interconnected. A foundational step in pursuit of this goal is to identify brain‐behavior relations. Much progress has been made identifying such relations during infancy by linking baseline electroencephalography (EEG) activity to infants’ performance in lab‐based measures of socio‐emotional and cognitive development. Parent‐report represents another resource in expanding our understanding to infants’ behavioral tendencies in their natural environment. The current study explored how parent‐report of 6‐ to 12‐month‐old (N = 53) infants’ attention and regulatory abilities relates to cortical activity. The results confirmed one key hypothesis that lower levels of theta and higher levels of beta and gamma over the frontal region would be related to infants’ attentional abilities. These results are consistent with the extant baseline EEG literature. Cuddliness was robustly related to higher levels of theta and lower levels of beta over the posterior, likely reflecting infants’ tendency to use another person to self‐regulate. Our results indicate links between these cortical rhythms and attention and regulatory processes have infant origins. Our results indicate furture research investigating brain‐behavior relations using parent‐report is warranted.
Treatment of functional mitral regurgitation in chronic heart failure: can we get a ‘proof of concept’ from the MITRA‐FR and COAPT trials?
Authors: Senni Michele , Adamo Marianna , Metra Marco , Alfieri Ottavio , Vahanian Alec
Published: May 2019

Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). However, it is not clear whether FMR is just a consequence of left ventricular (LV) remodelling or a factor contributing to cardiomyopathy progression. There will be more clarity about this controversy when the effects of FMR correction on outcomes will be shown. FMR correction can be performed surgically or, more often, percutaneously with the MitraClip procedure. MitraClip is the most widely used device with more than 70 000 implants performed to date. Observational studies suggest that MitraClip treatment of FMR is safe and associated with improved symptoms, quality of life and functional status in HF patients. Two recently randomized controlled clinical trials have investigated the impact of MitraClip on the outcomes of HF patients: Percutaneous Repair with the MitraClip Device for Severe Functional/Secondary Mitral Regurgitation (MITRA‐FR) and Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation (COAPT). Both trials randomized patients to MitraClip plus guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) or GDMT alone. No reduction in the primary endpoint of all‐cause mortality or HF hospitalizations was shown in MITRA‐FR, whereas a significant reduction in HF hospitalizations (primary endpoint) as well as in mortality alone were shown in COAPT. The aim of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology, prevalence, prognostic role and management of FMR, focusing on the differences between MITRA‐FR and COAPT and trying to provide possible explanations for the diverging results. We speculate that the two trials should be interpreted as complementary rather than opposite. Patients with severe FMR (effective regurgitant orifice area > 30 mm2) despite maximum tolerated GDMT (including cardiac resynchronization therapy), and without too advanced cardiomyopathy seem to be the best candidates for MitraClip treatment. MITRA‐FR and COAPT provide us a long awaited ‘proof of concept’: FMR may be considered a leading actor in cardiomyopathy progression rather than a mere marker of severity.
Simultaneous Determination of Caffeine and Pyridoxine in Energy Drinks using Differential Pulse Voltammetry at Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Nafion®
Authors: Farag Amir Shaaban , Pravcová Kateřina , Česlová Lenka , Vytřas Karel , Sýs Milan
Published: May 2019

A new voltammetric method for simultaneous determination of caffeine and pyridoxine present in different types of commercial energy drinks has been developed. This electroanalytical method is based on anodic oxidation of these biologically active nitrogen‐containing heterocycles at glassy carbon electrode covered with thin layer of sulfonated fluoropolymer Nafion® using differential pulse voltammetry in 0.1 M Britton‐Robinson buffer of pH 4.5 at potential step 5 mV, potential amplitude 70 mV, and scan rate 50 mV/s. Linear ranges for caffeine and pyridoxine determination were 63.1–600 μM and 7.5–200 μM with the detection limits of 18.9 and 2.2 μM, respectively. It was validated using high‐performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection. Obtained results have shown that voltammetric approach is very simple and low‐cost analytical method which can be used for routine determination of caffeine and pyridoxine in energy drinks.
Magnetite Nanorods Stabilized by Polyaniline/Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Sensing Platform for Selective and Sensitive Non‐enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Detection
Authors: Gabunada Jane Cathleen , Vinothkannan Mohanraj , Kim Dong Hee , Kim Ae Rhan , Yoo Dong Jin
Published: May 2019

In this study, magnetite nanorods stabilized on polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4@PANI/rGO) was synthesized via a wet‐reflux strategy. The possible formation of Fe3O4@PANI/rGO was morphologically and structurally verified by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the thermal stability of Fe3O4@PANI/rGO was measured by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA); the composite had good thermal stability owing to the ceramic nature of Fe3O4. The Fe3O4@PANI/rGO has been applied as a potential sensing platform for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). By the combined efforts of extended active surface area, active carbon support, more catalytic active sites and high electrical conductivity, the Fe3O4@PANI/rGO exhibited an improved performance toward the non‐enzymatic detection of H2O2 in 0.5 M KOH with a fast response time (5 s), high sensitivity (223.7 μA mM−1 cm−2), low limit of detection (4.45 μM) and wide linear range (100 μM–1.5 mM). Furthermore, the fabricated sensor exhibited excellent recovery rates (94.2–104.0 %) during real sample analysis.
Performance Assessment of a Perfluorosulfonic Acid‐type Membrane (i. e. Nafion™ 115) for an Enzymatic Fuel Cell
Authors: Bahar Tahsin , Yazici Mehmet Suha
Published: May 2019

A high power enzymatic fuel‐cell was anticipated by using a recently developed glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized bio‐anode, a conventional platinum−carbon based cathode and a popular high performance 125 μ‐thick perfluorosulfonic acid‐type proton exchange membrane (i. e. Nafion® 115). Unexpected current density decay from 2.13 mA cm−2 to 0.28 mA cm−2 was observed within 2 hours. Polarization measurements and AC impedance analysis indicated that loss of performance was linked to the membrane behavior. Ion exchange between buffer solution and membrane was perceived as the main cause for the fast performance loss. Saturation of the membrane with the cation in the buffer solution diminished proton transfer needed for cathode reaction. Charge transfer resistances, obtained from AC impedance data, increased with time substantially due to cation exchange within membrane. Replacement of membrane with the same enzyme electrode and cathode has resulted 100 % current density recovery on the fuel cell performance. It was concluded that a membrane, not affected by the buffer cations, was required for successful enzymatic fuel cell applications.
Heavy metals inhalation exposure analysis from particulate matter emitted from dry and wet recycling processes of waste electrical and electronic equipment
Authors: Lasithiotakis Michael , Psanis Christodoulos , Triantafyllou Eleni , Nikolaou Panagiota , Kouvarakis George , Michalopoulos Nikolaos , Sinioros Panagiotis , Biskos George
Published: May 2019

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling processes produce aerosols that influence occupational health. This work is a characterization of aerosols and dust from dry and wet WEEE recycling processes in a small plant. A particle spectrometer measured size distributions of ultrafine particles whereas a deposition impactor collected aerosols for chemical analysis. Powders from milled printed circuit boards and from the cathode ray tube (CRT) processing line were additionally analyzed. Morphological characterization of the dusts by optical and electron microscopy also took place. All plant compartments are subject to aerosol concentrations during the work hours with highest concentration at 105 particles/cm3. The wet recycling technique was more efficient in retaining powders in the solid form than the dry technique. An exposure calculation and a risk assessment of an average worker were carried out. By the worst case scenario the total daily inorganic elements are 80.5 μg, mainly consisting of aluminium copper and iron. The exposure calculation and the risk assessment revealed that accumulation of aerosols in other compartments has a higher impact than the dry process itself. Results showed that for both methods pollutants concentrations were low, even in the worst‐case scenario examined.
Floating solar power plant for sustainable development: A techno‐economic analysis
Authors: Goswami Anik , Sadhu Paromita , Goswami Utpal , Sadhu Pradip Kumar
Published: May 2019

The primary source of energy is depleting day by day owing to an increase in per capita energy consumption. To ensure energy security, to minimize climate change problems and to guarantee sustainable development, the useful utilization of renewable energy potential is of utmost importance. Recent researches reveal significant environmental effects in utilization of photovoltaic technology in large power plants located in urban locations. Further observations depict that the ground mounted PV power plants occupy large land spaces in the modern cities. These have led to the escalation of land price which has resulted in increasing the levelized tariff of electricity. Floating Solar Photovoltaic (FSPV) is an alternative to mitigate the aforesaid problems. In this article, a techno‐economic feasibility of a 10 MW FSPV plant is done to show the economic viability and environmental suitability in maintaining ecological balance through adoption of floating solar photovoltaic technology as compared to conventional ground mounted PV systems. The results show that floating solar photovoltaic power plant has 10.2% more generating capacity than land based PV system and producing 28.38 MU excess generation over the life cycle of the plant. The FSPV plant will save the land cost burden of USD 352125 and water cess burden of USD 47,600. This results in reducing the levelized tariff of FSPV plant to USD 0.026/kWh which is 39% less than land based PV power plant. The FSPV plant will also save 92,945.92 MT of Coal and a total CO2 emission of 340,801.74 ton. The FSPV power plant will help to bridge the gap between energy demand and supply along with reducing the cost of electricity and protecting the environment.
What's the Problem? Multilevel Governance and Problem‐Solving
Authors: Thomann Eva , Trein Philipp , Maggetti Martino
Published: May 2019

The study of multilevel governance (MLG) is fundamentally concerned with the capacity of MLG to effectively deal with policy problems. However, the notion of problem‐solving itself remains vague. Moreover, MLG research prioritizes questions of structure and agency, while neglecting the role and nature of policy problems themselves. This symposium defines problem‐solving in both procedural and operational terms. The introduction reviews relevant attributes of policy problems and existing assumptions about their influence on problem‐solving. By adding uncertainty, tractability, and three political attributes (power, conflict, salience), we propose an extended list of attributes of policy problems that matter for problem‐solving, and link them to different notions of procedural and operational problem‐solving in MLG. The contributions address the challenges facing problem‐solving in the European Union, adopting a particular focus on the characteristics of policy problems. Empirical cases include the European Semester, Brexit, the governance of the swine flu pandemic, and climate change.
Economic downturns and nurse attachment to federal employment
Authors: Li Danyao , Richards Michael R. , Wing Coady
Published: May 2019

The impact of the financial crisis has been uneven—with differences across industries and occupations. Jobs linked to health care appear better insulated, with nurses specifically showing labor force gains during the recent recession. What is not known is how important public sector employment opportunities are for these national nursing trends. Observing the universe of nurses working for one of the largest (and publicly operated) health care employers, we show that worsening economic conditions lead to stronger job attachment. Relatedly, older nurses also seem more willing to delay retirement and instead transition to part‐time positions during a downturn.