bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug_SNSMiner: standard pharmacovigilance pipeline for detection of adverse drug reaction using SNS data
Authors: Lee Seunghee , Woo Hyekyung , Lee Chung Chun , Kim Gyeongmin , Kim Jong-Yeup , Lee Suehyun
Published: March 2023

As society continues to age, it is becoming increasingly important to monitor drug use in the elderly. Social media data have been used for monitoring adverse drug reactions. The aim of this study was to determine whether social network studies (SNS) are useful sources of drug side effects information. We propose a method for utilizing SNS data to plot the known side effects of geriatric drugs in a dosing map. We developed a lexicon of drug terms associated with side effects and mapped patterns from social media data. We confirmed that well-known side effects may be obtained by utilizing SNS data. Based on these results, we propose a pharmacovigilance pipeline that can be extended to unknown side effects. We propose the standard analysis pipeline Drug_SNSMiner for monitoring side effects using SNS data and evaluated it as a drug prescription platform for the elderly. We confirmed that side effects may be monitored from the consumer’s perspective based on SNS data using only drug information. SNS data were deemed good sources of information to determine ADRs and obtain other complementary data. We established that these learning data are invaluable for AI requiring the acquisition of ADR posts on efficacious drugs.
Microalgal cultivation characteristics using commercially available air-cushion packaging material as a photobioreactor
Authors: Merz Clifford R. , Arora Neha , Welch Michael , Lo Enlin , Philippidis George P.
Published: March 2023

Air-cushion (AC) packaging has become widely used worldwide. ACs are air-filled, dual plastic packaging solutions commonly found surrounding and protecting items of value within shipping enclosures during transit. Herein, we report on a laboratory assessment employing ACs as a microalgal photobioreactor (PBR). Such a PBR inherently addresses many of the operational issues typically encountered with open raceway ponds and closed photobioreactors, such as evaporative water loss, external contamination, and predation. Using half-filled ACs, the performance of microalgal species Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oculata, and Cyclotella cryptica (diatom) was examined and the ash-free dry cell weight and overall biomass productivity determined to be 2.39 g/L and 298.55 mg/L/day for N. oculata, 0.85 g/L and 141.36 mg/L/day for C. vulgaris, and 0.67 g/L and 96.08 mg/L/day for C. cryptica. Furthermore, maximum lipid productivity of 25.54 mg/L/day AFDCW and carbohydrate productivity of 53.69 mg/L/day AFDCW were achieved by C. cryptica, while maximum protein productivity of 247.42 mg/L/day AFDCW was attained by N. oculata. Data from this work will be useful in determining the applicability and life-cycle profile of repurposed and reused ACs as potential microalgal photobioreactors depending upon the end product of interest, scale utilized, and production costs.
Automatic comprehensive aspects reports in clinical acute stroke MRIs
Authors: Liu Chin-Fu , Li Jintong , Kim Ganghyun , Miller Michael I. , Hillis Argye E. , Faria Andreia V.
Published: March 2023

The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is a simple visual system to assess the extent and location of ischemic stroke core. The capability of ASPECTS for selecting patients’ treatment, however, is affected by the variability in human evaluation. In this study, we developed a fully automatic system to calculate ASPECTS comparable with consensus expert readings. Our system was trained in 400 clinical diffusion weighted images of patients with acute infarcts and evaluated with an external testing set of 100 cases. The models are interpretable, and the results are comprehensive, evidencing the features that lead to the classification. This system adds to our automated pipeline for acute stroke detection, segmentation, and quantification in MRIs (ADS), which outputs digital infarct masks and the proportion of diverse brain regions injured, in addition to the predicted ASPECTS, the prediction probability and the explanatory features. ADS is public, free, accessible to non-experts, has very few computational requirements, and run in real time in local CPUs with a single command line, fulfilling the conditions to perform large-scale, reproducible clinical and translational research.
A buprenorphine depot formulation provides effective sustained post-surgical analgesia for 72 h in mouse femoral fracture models
Authors: Wolter Angelique , Bucher Christian H. , Kurmies Sebastian , Schreiner Viktoria , Konietschke Frank , Hohlbaum Katharina , Klopfleisch Robert , Löhning Max , Thöne-Reineke Christa , Buttgereit Frank , Huwyler Jörg , Jirkof Paulin , Rapp Anna E. , Lang Annemarie
Published: March 2023

Adequate pain management is essential for ethical and scientific reasons in animal experiments and should completely cover the period of expected pain without the need for frequent re-application. However, current depot formulations of Buprenorphine are only available in the USA and have limited duration of action. Recently, a new microparticulate Buprenorphine formulation (BUP-Depot) for sustained release has been developed as a potential future alternative to standard formulations available in Europe. Pharmacokinetics indicate a possible effectiveness for about 72 h. Here, we investigated whether the administration of the BUP-Depot ensures continuous and sufficient analgesia in two mouse fracture models (femoral osteotomy) and could, therefore, serve as a potent alternative to the application of Tramadol via the drinking water. Both protocols were examined for analgesic effectiveness, side effects on experimental readout, and effects on fracture healing outcomes in male and female C57BL/6N mice. The BUP-Depot provided effective analgesia for 72 h, comparable to the effectiveness of Tramadol in the drinking water. Fracture healing outcome was not different between analgesic regimes. The availability of a Buprenorphine depot formulation for rodents in Europe would be a beneficial addition for extended pain relief in mice, thereby increasing animal welfare.
Rapid imaging of thymoma and thymic carcinoma with a fluorogenic probe targeting γ-glutamyltranspeptidase
Authors: Yoshida Daisuke , Kamiya Mako , Kawashima Shun , Yoshioka Takafusa , Hino Haruaki , Abe Atsuki , Fujita Kyohhei , Kojima Ryosuke , Shinozaki-Ushiku Aya , Urano Yasuteru , Nakajima Jun
Published: March 2023

In recent years, thoracoscopic and robotic surgical procedures have increasingly replaced median sternotomy for thymoma and thymic carcinoma. In cases of partial thymectomy, the prognosis is greatly improved by ensuring a sufficient margin from the tumor, and therefore intraoperative fluorescent imaging of the tumor is especially valuable in thoracoscopic and robotic surgery, where tactile information is not available. γ-Glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG) has been applied for fluorescence imaging of some types of tumors in the resected tissues, and here we aimed to examine its validity for the imaging of thymoma and thymic carcinoma. 22 patients with thymoma or thymic carcinoma who underwent surgery between February 2013 and January 2021 were included in the study. Ex vivo imaging of specimens was performed, and the sensitivity and specificity of gGlu-HMRG were 77.3% and 100%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to confirm expression of gGlu-HMRG's target enzyme, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). IHC revealed high GGT expression in thymoma and thymic carcinoma in contrast to absent or low expression in normal thymic parenchyma and fat tissue. These results suggest the utility of gGlu-HMRG as a fluorescence probe for intraoperative visualization of thymomas and thymic carcinomas.
Input node placement restricting the longest control chain in controllability of complex networks
Authors: Alizadeh Samie , Pósfai Márton , Ghasemi Abdorasoul
Published: March 2023

The minimum number of inputs needed to control a network is frequently used to quantify its controllability. Control of linear dynamics through a minimum set of inputs, however, often has prohibitively large energy requirements and there is an inherent trade-off between minimizing the number of inputs and control energy. To better understand this trade-off, we study the problem of identifying a minimum set of input nodes such that controllabililty is ensured while restricting the length of the longest control chain. The longest control chain is the maximum distance from input nodes to any network node, and recent work found that reducing its length significantly reduces control energy. We map the longest control chain-constraint minimum input problem to finding a joint maximum matching and minimum dominating set. We show that this graph combinatorial problem is NP-complete, and we introduce and validate a heuristic approximation. Applying this algorithm to a collection of real and model networks, we investigate how network structure affects the minimum number of inputs, revealing, for example, that for many real networks reducing the longest control chain requires only few or no additional inputs, only the rearrangement of the input nodes.
Potential anti-proliferative activity of Salix mucronata and Triticum spelta plant extracts on liver and colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: Ahmad Ghada M. , Abu Serie Marwa M. , Abdel-Latif Mohamed S. , Ghoneem Tayseer , Ghareeb Doaa A. , Yacout Galila A.
Published: March 2023

Cancer’s etiology is linked to oxidative stress. As a result, it's vital to find effective natural antioxidant remedies. Salix mucronata and Triticum spelta plant extracts were prepared using five different solvents and examined for their cytotoxicity against liver HepG2 cancer cell line. It was found that Salix mucronata ethanolic extract is high in antioxidant mediated anti-cancer activity. The functional constituents (phenolic and flavonoids) as well as preparation of different ethanolic concentrations used to study their properties that include DPPH, oxygen, hydroxyl, nitrogen radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing power and metal chelating activities. The MTT assay was used to determine antioxidant-mediated anti-cancer activity against human liver (HepG2) and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cells to calculate the half-maximal growth inhibitory concentration (IC50). Moreover, flow cytometry analysis was used to quantify the apoptotic effect on the treated cancer cells. Additionally, qRTPCR of p53, BCL2, Cyclin D, MMP9 and VEGF were measured. Furthermore, HPLC was used to assess the most effective ingredients of the plant extract. Salix mucronata 50% ethanol extract had the highest polyphenolic content, anti-oxidant, and anti-proliferative activity. Salix mucronata increased the number of total apoptotic cells, and caused an upregulation of p53 gene expression by more than five folds and a downregulation of gene expression level of BCL2, Cyclin D, MMP9 and VEGF by more than five folds. Consequently, that could modulate oxidative stress and improve the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Results, also, showed that Triticum spelta ethanolic extract was less effective than Salix mucronata. Therefore, Salix mucronata ethanolic extract represents promising surrogate natural therapy for apoptosis-mediated cancer and recommended for further investigation using animal model.
Generation of a recombinant temperature-sensitive influenza D virus
Authors: Ishida Hiroho , Murakami Shin , Kamiki Haruhiko , Matsugo Hiromichi , Katayama Misa , Sekine Wataru , Ohira Kosuke , Takenaka-Uema Akiko , Horimoto Taisuke
Published: March 2023

Influenza D virus (IDV) is a causative agent of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), which is the most common and costly disease affecting the cattle industry. For developing a candidate vaccine virus against IDV, we sought to produce a temperature-sensitive strain, similar to the live attenuated, cold-adapted vaccine strain available against the influenza A virus (IAV). To this end, we produced a recombinant IDV (designated rD/OK-AL) strain by introducing mutations responsible for the adaptation of the IAV vaccine strain to cold conditions and conferring sensitivity to high temperatures into PB2 and PB1 proteins using reverse genetics. The rD/OK-AL strain grew efficiently at 33 °C but did not grow at 37 °C in the cell culture, indicating its high-temperature sensitivity. In mice, rD/OK-AL was attenuated following intranasal inoculation. It mediated the production of high levels of antibodies against IDV in the serum. When the rD/OK-AL-inoculated mice were challenged with the wild-type virus, the virus was not detected in respiratory organs after the challenge, indicating complete protection against IDV. These results imply that the rD/OK-AL might be a potential candidate for the development of live attenuated vaccines for IDV that can be used to control BRDC.
Measuring compound eye optics with microscope and microCT images
Authors: Currea John Paul , Sondhi Yash , Kawahara Akito Y. , Theobald Jamie
Published: March 2023

With a great variety of shapes and sizes, compound eye morphologies give insight into visual ecology, development, and evolution, and inspire novel engineering. In contrast to our own camera-type eyes, compound eyes reveal their resolution, sensitivity, and field of view externally, provided they have spherical curvature and orthogonal ommatidia. Non-spherical compound eyes with skewed ommatidia require measuring internal structures, such as with MicroCT (µCT). Thus far, there is no efficient tool to characterize compound eye optics, from either 2D or 3D data, automatically. Here we present two open-source programs: (1) the ommatidia detecting algorithm (ODA), which measures ommatidia count and diameter in 2D images, and (2) a µCT pipeline (ODA-3D), which calculates anatomical acuity, sensitivity, and field of view across the eye by applying the ODA to 3D data. We validate these algorithms on images, images of replicas, and µCT eye scans from ants, fruit flies, moths, and a bee.
Neutron scattering studies of the methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction
Authors: Zachariou Andrea , Hawkins Alexander P. , Collier Paul , Howe Russell F. , Parker Stewart F. , Lennon David
Published: March 2023

The application of neutron scattering techniques (inelastic neutron scattering, quasi-elastic neutron scattering and neutron diffraction) to explore concepts connected with the methanol-to-hydrocarbon reaction over the zeolite ZSM-5 are considered. Reproduced from [Cat. Sci. Tech., 2018, 8, 3304–3312] under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC-BY).
Lactobacillus fermentumF40-4 ameliorates hyperuricemia by modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating inflammation in mice
Authors: Cao Jiayuan , Wang Ting , Liu Yisuo , Zhou Wei , Hao Haining , Liu Qiqi , Yin Boxing , Yi Huaxi
Published: March 2023

L. fermentumF40-4 could inhibit UA synthetase activity in the liver to decrease UA production, promote expression level of UA excretion transporter NPT1 in the kidney and reshape microbiota in the gut to increase UA excretion, thereby alleviate HUA.
Plurality of excitons in Ruddlesden–Popper metal halides and the role of the B-site metal cation
Authors: Folpini Giulia , Palummo Maurizia , Cortecchia Daniele , Moretti Luca , Cerullo Giulio , Petrozza Annamaria , Giorgi Giacomo , Srimath Kandada Ajay Ram
Published: March 2023

We investigate the effect of metal cation substition on the excitonic structure and dynamics in a prototypical Ruddlesden–Popper metal halide.
Synthesis and characterization of a Schiff base crosslinked hydrogel based on hyperbranched polyglycerol
Authors: Karakyriazis Kyriakos , Lührs Vanessa , Stößlein Sebastian , Grunwald Ingo , Hartwig Andreas
Published: March 2023

Formation of a Schiff base crosslinked hydrogel based on hyperbranched aminoterminated polyglycerol and polyethylene glycol dialdehyde and a first insight on its mechanical properties.
GaN nanowires prepared by Cu-assisted photoelectron-chemical etching
Authors: Wang Qi , Yang Wen , Gao Sheng , Chen Weizhong , Tang Xiaosheng , Zhang Hongsheng , Liu Bin , Han Genquan , Huang Yi
Published: March 2023

A Cu-assisted photoelectron-chemical etching is proposed to fabricate GaN nanowires. The functional mechanism of assisted metals, etchant concentrations, and the addition of H2O2 has been investigated based on theoretical analysis and experiments.
Au–Pt–Ni nanochains as dopamine catalysts: role of elements and their spatial distribution
Authors: Fan Hua , Le Boeuf William , Maheshwari Vivek
Published: March 2023

Multi-element catalyst with control over its composition and spatial distribution for dopamine oxidation is reported. As each element catalyzes different step, performance is optimized based on both composition and structural morphology.
Inverted semitransparent perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes with a conjugated polymer as an electron transport layer
Authors: Wan Qun , Zhang Qinggang , Guo Jinlong , Liu Mingming , Zhan Wenji , Liao Xinrong , Yuan Changwei , He Mengda , Zheng Weilin , Zhang Congyang , Kong Long , Li Liang
Published: March 2023

Inverted perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes with average 61% transmittance have been achieved with PFN as electron transport layer.
Formation mechanism of disc-shaped calcite—a case study on Arthrobacter sp. MF-2
Authors: Yang Guoguo , Li Fuchun , Zhang Weiqing , Guo Xinyuan , Zhang Shitong
Published: March 2023

Research on the biogenic-specific morphology of carbonate minerals has made progress in the fields of biomineralization and industrial engineering.
Robust heart rate monitoring by a wearable stethoscope based on signal processing
Authors: Xu Jingyi , Zeng Wenru , Zhao Chao , Tong Jiayi , Liu Hong
Published: March 2023

A wearable stethoscope was developed for robust and accurate heart rate monitoring on different arteries.
Insights into the electronic structure of Fe–Ni thin-film catalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction using operando resonant photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Wartner Garlef , Hein Dennis , Bergmann Arno , Wendt Robert , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz , Seidel Robert
Published: March 2023

Oxygen–metal hybridized hole states contribute to the oxygen partial density of states of nickel iron catalysts in their active state during the OER.
Electrocatalytic properties of a novel ruthenium(ii) terpyridine-based complex towards CO2 reduction
Authors: Faustino Leandro A. , Machado Antonio E. H. , Maia Pedro I. S. , Concepcion Javier J. , Patrocinio Antonio Otavio T.
Published: March 2023

A new Ru(ii) complex was synthesized, fully characterized and applied as electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction. The role of the reaction medium and the carboxylate ligand on the product selectivity was elucidated.
Carbon nanotube-embedded hollow carbon nanofibers as efficient hosts for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Lv Chenshan , Cao Hailiang , Deng Wei , Zhao Min , Miao Yanqin , Guo Chunli , Liu Peizhi , Wu Yucheng
Published: March 2023

Hollow carbon nanofibers filled with CNT (HCNF/CNT) were prepared by coaxial electrospinning and simple heat treatment. The HCNF/CNT served as an effective sulfur host material for lithium–sulfur batteries that show excellent electrochemical performance.
Ruthenium doping in the MoS2/AB heterostructure for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic media
Authors: Ren Haowen , Chen Shihong , Chen Chong , Qiu Yang , Luo Chunhui , Zhao Qiang , Yang Wei
Published: March 2023

A ruthenium doped MoS2/AB heterostructure is synthesized as a highly efficient and durable electrocatalyst, in which the Ru near S is demonstrated as optimum active sites for hydrogen evolution reaction in water electrolysis.
Ibuprofen-loaded electrospun poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) nanofibers for wound dressing applications
Authors: Schoeller Jean , Wuertz-Kozak Karin , Ferguson Stephen J. , Rottmar Markus , Avaro Jonathan , Elbs-Glatz Yvonne , Chung Michael , Rossi René M.
Published: March 2023

This work presents the production of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) nanofibers by electrospinning and the capacity of the fibers to act as a patch loaded with ibuprofen for wound healing applications is evaluated.
A curtain purification system based on a rabbit fur-based rotating triboelectric nanogenerator for efficient photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Yang Dehong , Liu Zhaoqi , Yang Peng , Huang Ling , Huang Fengjiao , Tao Xinglin , Shi Yuxiang , Lei Rui , Cao Jiazhen , Li Hexing , Chen Xiangyu , Bian Zhenfeng
Published: March 2023

Efficient removal of air pollution caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) through distributed energy collected from the environment is an effective strategy to achieve both energy conservation and better air quality.
Multifunctional integrated compartment systems for incompatible Pickering interfacial catalysis cascade reactions based on responsive core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Xi Yongkang , Wang Shuxin , Liu Bo , Wei Shuheng , Zeininger Lukas , Yin Shouwei , Ngai To , Yang Xiaoquan
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate a strategy for construction of a multifunctional shell–core structure with a robust responsive performance, which when coupled with chemo- and biocatalysts could facilely and efficiently achieve one-pot Pickering interfacial catalysis.
Theoretical prediction of the electronic structure, optical properties and photocatalytic performance of type-I SiS/GeC and type-II SiS/ZnO heterostructures
Authors: Ullah S. S. , Din H. U. , Ahmad Sheraz , Alam Q. , Sardar S. , Amin B. , Farooq M. , Nguyen Cuong Q. , Nguyen Chuong V.
Published: March 2023

First-principles calculations were employed to investigate the electronic structure, optical properties and photocatalytic performance of novel SiS/GeC and SiS/ZnO heterostructures.
Fluorocarbyne complexes via electrophilic fluorination of carbido ligands
Authors: Manzano Richard A. , Hill Anthony F.
Published: March 2023

Electrophilic fluorination of lithiocarbynes affords convenient access to fluorocarbyne complexes that are prone to oxidative chlorination and coordination to gold, providing the first μ2-fluorocarbyne.
Hierarchical self-assembly of metal–organic supramolecular fibers with lanthanide-derived functionalities
Authors: Wu Bohang , Tong Yutao , Wang Jiahua , Qiu Yuening , Gao Yifan , Cohen Stuart Martien A. , Wang Junyou
Published: March 2023

Incorporation of lanthanide ions in assemblies led to supramolecular fibers with tunable optical and magnetic properties, demonstrating a novel strategy for multifunctional supramolecular materials design.
Correction: Hierarchically porous Ni foam-supported Co and Sn doped Ni3S2 nanosheets for oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts
Authors: An Won Young , Lee Hyungwoo , Choi Sung Ryul , Choi Sungyong , Cho Hyun-Seok , Choi Minseok , Park Jun-Young
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Hierarchically porous Ni foam-supported Co and Sn doped Ni3S2 nanosheets for oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts’ by Won Young An et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA09361H.
Exoplanet characterization using conditional invertible neural networks
Authors: Haldemann Jonas , Ksoll Victor , Walter Daniel , Alibert Yann , Klessen Ralf S. , Benz Willy , Koethe Ullrich , Ardizzone Lynton , Rother Carsten
Published: March 2023

Context.The characterization of the interior of an exoplanet is an inverse problem. The solution requires statistical methods such as Bayesian inference. Current methods employ Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling to infer the posterior probability of the planetary structure parameters for a given exoplanet. These methods are time-consuming because they require the evaluation of a planetary structure model ~105times.

Aims.To speed up the inference process when characterizing an exoplanet, we propose to use conditional invertible neural networks to calculate the posterior probability of the planetary structure parameters.

Methods.Conditional invertible neural networks (cINNs) are a special type of neural network that excels at solving inverse problems. We constructed a cINN following the framework for easily invertible architectures (FreIA). This neural network was then trained on a database of 5.6 × 106internal structure models to recover the inverse mapping between internal structure parameters and observable features (i.e., planetary mass, planetary radius, and elemental composition of the host star). We also show how observational uncertainties can be accounted for.

Results.The cINN method was compared to a commonly used Metropolis-Hastings MCMC. To do this, we repeated the characterization of the exoplanet K2-111 b, using both the MCMC method and the trained cINN. We show that the inferred posterior probability distributions of the internal structure parameters from both methods are very similar; the largest differences are seen in the exoplanet water content. Thus, cINNs are a possible alternative to the standard time-consuming sampling methods. cINNs allow infering the composition of an exoplanet that is orders of magnitude faster than what is possible using an MCMC method. The computation of a large database of internal structures to train the neural network is still required, however. Because this database is only computed once, we found that using an invertible neural network is more efficient than an MCMC when more than ten exoplanets are characterized using the same neural network.
Reverse Algols and hydrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet stars from very massive binaries
Authors: Sen K. , Langer N. , Pauli D. , Gräfener G. , Schootemeijer A. , Sana H. , Shenar T. , Mahy L. , Wang C.
Published: March 2023

Massive star feedback affects the evolution of galaxies, where the most massive stars may have the largest impact. The majority of massive stars are born as members of close binary systems. In this work, we investigated detailed evolutionary models of very massive binaries (30−90 M⊙) with Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) metallicity. We identify four effects defying the conventional knowledge of binary evolution, which are all related to the proximity of the models to the Eddington limit. We find that the majority of systems undergo mass transfer during core hydrogen burning. During the ensuing nuclear timescale evolution, many mass donors remain more massive than their companions (‘reverse Algols’), and nuclear timescale mass transfer may be interrupted or absent altogether. Furthermore, due to the elevated luminosity-to-mass ratio, many of the core-hydrogen-burning donors may develop Wolf-Rayet-type winds at luminosities where single stars would not. We identify observational counterparts of very massive reverse Algol binaries in the LMC and discuss their contribution to the observed hydrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet stars. We argue that understanding very massive Algol systems is key to predicting the advanced evolution of very massive binaries, including their ability to evolve into observable gravitational wave sources.
Der kritisch kranke onkologische Patient – Herausforderung für die Intensivpflege
Authors: Marqueses Daniel
Published: March 2023

Der medizinische Fortschritt in der Onkologie hat in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten zu einer vermehrten Aufnahme von Krebspatienten auf Intensivstationen geführt. Der folgende Beitrag gibt eine Einführung in typische Aufnahmegründe und -strategien und beschreibt Schwerpunkte der intensivpflegerischen Versorgung.
Effect of Upper Lid Blepharoplasty Surgery on Corneal Topography and Corneal High-Order Aberrations
Authors: Ulas Mehmet Goksel , Tukenmez Dikmen Nejla
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study was to prospectively investigate the effect of upper eyelid blepharoplasty surgery for dermatochalasis on corneal topographic data and high-order aberrations (HOAs). Fifty eyelids of 50 patients with dermatochalasis who underwent upper lid blepharoplasty surgery were prospectively studied. A Pentacam (Scheimpflug camera, Oculus) device was used to measure corneal topographic values, astigmatism degree, and HOAs before and at 2 months after upper eyelid blepharoplasty. The mean age of the patients included in the study was 55.96 ± 12.4 years, 40 (80%) were female and 10 (20%) were male. We found no statistically significant difference in the pre-and postoperative values of corneal topographic parameters (p > 0.05 for all). In addition, we observed no significant postoperative change in the root mean square values of low, high, and total aberration values. In HOAs, we detected no significant change in spherical aberration, horizontal and vertical coma, and vertical trefoil; we only found a statistically significant increase in horizontal trefoil values after surgery (p < 0.05). In our study, we found that upper eyelid blepharoplasty did not cause significant changes in corneal topography, astigmatism, and ocular HOAs. However, studies are reporting different results in the literature. For this reason, it is important for patients considering upper eyelid surgery to be warned about visual changes that may occur after surgery.
Tomato Flu in the Time of COVID-19: Another Challenge for the Indian Health System
Authors: Mehta Vibha , Rahul J. S. , Shukla Harsh Vardhan , Pandey Khushboo
Published: March 2023

Just as the country has recently dealt with the increase in COVID-19 and monkey pox cases, another dark cloud of “Tomato flu/ Tomato fever” loomed the skies of the nation. As of 24 august, 2022, 100 kids mainly below the age of 5 have been reported showing symptoms of the flu. Another state of Odisha, suspected similar infectious etiology in 36 cases out of which 26 Children were below the age of 10. This endemic viral illness has triggered an alert to the neighboring states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, along with the entire nation at large. The wrath of this disease is not just restricted to India but crossing borders. Tang, et al reported a case of a 13-month-old female child and her 5-year old brother based in United kingdom with similar etiology. Through this report, we aim to alert the frontline pediatricians, who are most likely to come across and manage such daunting cases with these non-specific clinical features in their routine clinical practice across the globe. Early and extreme preventive and surveillance measures must be undertaken to prevent substantial loss in public and private sector
Witnessing entangled two-photon absorption via quantum interferometry
Authors: Martínez-Tapia Áulide , Corona-Aquino Samuel , Triana-Arango Freiman , You Chenglong , Jin Rui-Bo , Magaña-Loaiza Omar S. , Dong Shi-Hai , U’Ren Alfred B. , León-Montiel Roberto de J.
Published: March 2023

Recent investigations have suggested that the use of non-classical states of light, such as entangled photon pairs, may open new and exciting avenues in experimental two-photon absorption spectroscopy. Despite several experimental studies of entangled two-photon absorption (eTPA), there is still a heated debate on whether eTPA has truly been observed. This interesting debate has arisen mainly because it has recently been argued that single-photon-loss mechanisms, such as scattering or hot-band absorption, may mimic the expected entangled-photon linear absorption behavior. In this work, we focus on transmission measurements of eTPA and explore three different two-photon quantum interferometers in the context of assessing eTPA. We demonstrate that the so-called N00N-state configuration is the only one among those considered insensitive to linear (single-photon) losses. Remarkably, our results show that N00N states may become a potentially powerful tool for quantum spectroscopy, placing them as a strong candidate for the certification of eTPA in an arbitrary sample.
Continuous ordinal patterns: Creating a bridge between ordinal analysis and deep learning
Authors: Zanin Massimiliano
Published: March 2023

We introduce a generalization of the celebrated ordinal pattern approach for the analysis of time series, in which these are evaluated in terms of their distance to ordinal patterns defined in a continuous way. This allows us to naturally incorporate information about the local amplitude of the data and to optimize the ordinal pattern(s) to the problem under study. This last element represents a novel bridge between standard ordinal analysis and deep learning, allowing the achievement of results comparable to the latter in real-world classification problems while also retaining the conceptual simplicity, computational efficiency, and easy interpretability of the former. We test this through the use of synthetic time series, generated by standard chaotic maps and dynamical models, data sets representing brain activity in health and schizophrenia, and the dynamics of delays in the European air transport system. We further show how the continuous ordinal patterns can be used to assess other aspects of the dynamics, like time irreversibility.
Analysis of dry reforming of methane under different fluidization regimes using a multiphase particle-in-cell approach
Authors: Al-Otaibi Fahad N. , Berrouk Abdallah S. , Xiao Hongliang
Published: March 2023

In the present study, the dry reforming of methane (DRM) has been simulated in fluidized-bed reactors using the multiphase particle-in-cell model. The model was meticulously built to investigate the effect of a wide range of superficial gas velocities covering particulate, aggregative, and lean-phase flow regimes on bed hydrodynamics, conversion, and yields of product gases. Constant values for catalyst loading, CH4:CO2:N2 ratio (1:1:1.3), and catalyst and gas properties were maintained in all simulations. The simulation results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data reported in the literature. The results show that under different gas velocities, conversion is relatively indiscernible in the particulate regime. In contrast, for the inhomogeneous phases, the turbulent-fluidized bed had the best reactor performance with high CH4 and CO2 conversion rates, good CO + H2 productivity, and high CO/H2 molar ratio. This is due to the vigorous turbulent flow and relatively high gas–solid contact. Due to gas bypassing and backmixing triggered by bubbling, the bubbling-fluidized bed generally had the worst performance and below that of the fast-fluidized bed. The present study demonstrates that the performance of DRM reactions in fluidized-bed reactors is strongly related to the hydrodynamics. Moreover, it shows the significance of gas velocity on DRM conversion, yield, and overall reactor performance.
Physically based formula for the maximum scour depth induced by a propeller jet
Authors: Coscarella Francesco , Curulli Giuseppe , Penna Nadia , Gaudio Roberto
Published: March 2023

In the last two decades, many studies have been dedicated to the employment of predictive formulas able to assess the maximum scour depth produced by propeller jets. Owing to the complexity of the phenomenon, most of the literature formulas were built on empirical arguments, making them susceptible to scale issues and not fully coherent with the physics underpinning the scouring problem. Recent studies exploited the phenomenological theory of turbulence and the paradigms of sediment incipient-motion theory to derive a predictive formula of the maximum equilibrium scour depth in different cases: scour produced by jet, scour at bridge piers, and scour downstream of hydrokinetic turbines. In the present study, using the same considerations of the aforementioned works, we propose a new model that allows the derivation of a predictive physically based formula that includes all the relevant parameters controlling the scouring process induced by the propeller rotation. The theory is validated at the laboratory scale with experimental published data: a good agreement between theoretical predictions and literature data is shown. The proposed design formula clearly indicates that, when tested against experimental data, it leads to lower scattering levels than those obtained with empirical literature formulas.
Negative group velocity characteristics of spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Lei Jun , Li Weiwen , Qiao Qian , Zhang Lei , Lin Jie
Published: March 2023

Although there have been many discussions on negative group velocity (NGV), disagreements over its counter-intuitive explanations are still on the way. In this paper, it is proposed that the negative group velocity is just a component of the actual wave group, which has to be accompanied by a positive group velocity (PGV) component. A composite wave with the NGV component propagates forward in the form of a tumbling vortex as an attenuated or evanescent wave. Negative group velocity exists only in the anomalous dispersion band with resonance absorption. This wave group model is confirmed by the NGV characteristics of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) of spiral-shaped periodic units. In this case, the PGV and NGV waves are formed by the resonance coupling of periodic cells, and the composite SSPP modes have both resonance absorption attenuation and vortex cancellation attenuation.
Structure of a heterogeneous two-phase rotating detonation wave with ethanol–hydrogen–air mixture
Authors: Yao Songbai , Tang Xinmeng , Zhang Wenwu
Published: March 2023

In this short Letter, the structure of a rotating detonation wave (RDW) fueled by biofuel is revealed and expounded. A simulation is carried out under an Eulerian–Lagrangian framework in which the main characteristics of the two-phase RDW are analyzed in detail. The results suggest that a self-sustained rotating detonation fueled by liquid ethanol and air can be achieved with hydrogen addition for combustion enhancement, and a laminated dual-front structure of the RDW due to the effect of droplet evaporation is captured and clarified.
Strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum): current status and future role in Australian agriculture
Authors: Smith R. W. , Penrose B. , Langworthy A. D. , Humphries A. W. , Harris C. A. , Rogers M. E. , Nichols P. G. H. , Hayes R. C.
Published: March 2023

Strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.) is periodically raised as an alternative perennial pasture legume for temperate regions of Australia. Its tolerance of waterlogging is widely known, yet its ability to persist through periods of soil moisture deficit is often understated. Other desirable characteristics include its stoloniferous growth habit and tolerance of mildly saline conditions. Only four strawberry clover cultivars have been registered in Australia, and the most popular, cv. Palestine, is a direct introduction, released in 1938 and first certified in 1951. Furthermore, strawberry clover’s distribution has largely been confined to niche environments, particularly waterlogged and saline areas. This paper reviews the taxonomy and breeding system, morphology, distribution and ecology, and subsequent transfer of strawberry clover to Australia. It reviews and maps the suitability of strawberry clover for perennial pasture systems in the medium–-high rainfall and irrigated temperate zones of Australia, with reference to future climates. The paper also highlights the breeding focus, commercialisation and marketing required to supersede cv. Palestine and lists the germplasm available in the Australian Pastures Genebank, with origins. We conclude that, although strawberry clover is unlikely to become a dominant perennial pasture legume species in Australia, it could be used in a wider range of environments than just those affected by salinity and/or waterlogging stress.
Impact of crowding on the diversity of expanding populations
Authors: Schreck Carl F. , Fusco Diana , Karita Yuya , Martis Stephen , Kayser Jona , Duvernoy Marie-Cécilia , Hallatschek Oskar
Published: March 2023

Crowding effects critically impact the self-organization of densely packed cellular assemblies, such as biofilms, solid tumors, and developing tissues. When cells grow and divide, they push each other apart, remodeling the structure and extent of the population’s range. Recent work has shown that crowding has a strong impact on the strength of natural selection. However, the impact of crowding on neutral processes, which controls the fate of new variants as long as they are rare, remains unclear. Here, we quantify the genetic diversity of expanding microbial colonies and uncover signatures of crowding in the site frequency spectrum. By combining Luria–Delbrück fluctuation tests, lineage tracing in a novel microfluidic incubator, cell-based simulations, and theoretical modeling, we find that the majority of mutations arise behind the expanding frontier, giving rise to clones that are mechanically “pushed out” of the growing region by the proliferating cells in front. These excluded-volume interactions result in a clone-size distribution that solely depends on where the mutation first arose relative to the front and is characterized by a simple power law for low-frequency clones. Our model predicts that the distribution depends on a single parameter—the characteristic growth layer thickness—and hence allows estimation of the mutation rate in a variety of crowded cellular populations. Combined with previous studies on high-frequency mutations, our finding provides a unified picture of the genetic diversity in expanding populations over the whole frequency range and suggests a practical method to assess growth dynamics by sequencing populations across spatial scales.
Human heuristics for AI-generated language are flawed
Authors: Jakesch Maurice , Hancock Jeffrey T. , Naaman Mor
Published: March 2023

Human communication is increasingly intermixed with language generated by AI. Across chat, email, and social media, AI systems suggest words, complete sentences, or produce entire conversations. AI-generated language is often not identified as such but presented as language written by humans, raising concerns about novel forms of deception and manipulation. Here, we study how humans discern whether verbal self-presentations, one of the most personal and consequential forms of language, were generated by AI. In six experiments, participants (N = 4,600) were unable to detect self-presentations generated by state-of-the-art AI language models in professional, hospitality, and dating contexts. A computational analysis of language features shows that human judgments of AI-generated language are hindered by intuitive but flawed heuristics such as associating first-person pronouns, use of contractions, or family topics with human-written language. We experimentally demonstrate that these heuristics make human judgment of AI-generated language predictable and manipulable, allowing AI systems to produce text perceived as “more human than human.” We discuss solutions, such as AI accents, to reduce the deceptive potential of language generated by AI, limiting the subversion of human intuition.
Activation energy for pore opening in lipid membranes under an electric field
Authors: Lafarge Eulalie J. , Muller Pierre , Schroder André P. , Zaitseva Ekaterina , Behrends Jan C. , Marques Carlos M.
Published: March 2023

The standard model of pore formation was introduced more than fifty years ago, and it has been since, despite some refinements, the cornerstone for interpreting experiments related to pores in membranes. A central prediction of the model concerning pore opening under an electric field is that the activation barrier for pore formation is lowered proportionally to the square of the electric potential. However, this has only been scarcely and inconclusively confronted to experiments. In this paper, we study the electropermeability of model lipid membranes composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) containing different fractions of POPC-OOH, the hydroperoxidized form of POPC, in the range 0 to 100 mol %. By measuring ion currents across a 50-μm-diameter black lipid membrane (BLM) with picoampere and millisecond resolution, we detect hydroperoxidation-induced changes to the intrinsic bilayer electropermeability and to the probability of opening angstrom-size or larger pores. Our results over the full range of lipid compositions show that the energy barrier to pore formation is lowered linearly by the absolute value of the electric field, in contradiction with the predictions of the standard model.
Nasal administration of anti-CD3 mAb (Foralumab) downregulates
NKG7
and increases
TGFB1
and
GIMAP7
expression in T cells in subjects with COVID-19
Authors: G. Moreira Thais , Gauthier Christian D. , Murphy Liam , Lanser Toby B. , Paul Anu , Matos Kimble T. F. , Mangani Davide , Izzy Saef , Rezende Rafael M. , Healy Brian C. , Baecher-Allan Clare M. , Chitnis Tanuja , Kuchroo Vijay , Weiner Howard L.
Published: March 2023

T cells are present in early stages of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and play a major role in disease outcome and long-lasting immunity. Nasal administration of a fully human anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (Foralumab) reduced lung inflammation as well as serum IL-6 and C-reactive protein in moderate cases of COVID-19. Using serum proteomics and RNA-sequencing, we investigated the immune changes in patients treated with nasal Foralumab. In a randomized trial, mild to moderate COVID-19 outpatients received nasal Foralumab (100 μg/d) given for 10 consecutive days and were compared to patients that did not receive Foralumab. We found that naïve-like T cells were increased in Foralumab-treated subjects and NGK7
+
effector T cells were reduced.
CCL5,
IL32,
CST7,
GZMH,
GZMB,
GZMA,
PRF1
, and
CCL4
gene expression were downregulated in T cells and
CASP1
was downregulated in T cells, monocytes, and B cells in subjects treated with Foralumab. In addition to the downregulation of effector features, an increase in
TGFB1
gene expression in cell types with known effector function was observed in Foralumab-treated subjects. We also found increased expression of GTP-binding gene
GIMAP7
in subjects treated with Foralumab. Rho/ROCK1, a downstream pathway of GTPases signaling was downregulated in Foralumab-treated individuals.
TGFB1,
GIMAP7
, and
NKG7
transcriptomic changes observed in Foralumab-treated COVID-19 subjects were also observed in healthy volunteers, MS subjects, and mice treated with nasal anti-CD3. Our findings demonstrate that nasal Foralumab modulates the inflammatory response in COVID-19 and provides a novel avenue to treat the disease.
TSKS localizes to nuage in spermatids and regulates cytoplasmic elimination during spermiation
Authors: Shimada Keisuke , Park Soojin , Oura Seiya , Noda Taichi , Morohoshi Akane , Matzuk Martin M. , Ikawa Masahito
Published: March 2023

Spermatozoa have a streamlined shape to swim through the oviduct to fertilize oocytes. To become svelte spermatozoa, spermatid cytoplasm must be eliminated in several steps including sperm release, which is part of spermiation. Although this process has been well observed, the molecular mechanisms that underlie it remain unclear. In male germ cells, there are membraneless organelles called nuage, which are observed by electron microscopy in various forms of dense material. Reticulated body (RB) and chromatoid body remnant (CR) are two types of nuage in spermatids, but the functions of both are unknown. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we deleted the entire coding sequence of testis-specific serine kinase substrate (TSKS) in mice and demonstrate that TSKS is essential for male fertility through the formation of both RB and CR, prominent sites of TSKS localization. Due to the lack of TSKS-derived nuage (TDN), the cytoplasmic contents cannot be eliminated from spermatid cytoplasm inTsksknockout mice, resulting in excess residual cytoplasm with an abundance of cytoplasmic materials and inducing an apoptotic response. In addition, ectopic expression of TSKS in cells results in formation of amorphous nuage-like structures; dephosphorylation of TSKS helps to induce nuage, while phosphorylation of TSKS blocks the formation. Our results indicate that TSKS and TDN are essential for spermiation and male fertility by eliminating cytoplasmic contents from the spermatid cytoplasm.