bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Design of Automotive B-pillar Outer Panel Based on Collision Simulation
Authors: Wang Jinlun
Published: August 2024

The structure and material of automotive B-pillar have a significant impact on side collision safety. Through collision simulation analysis and orthogonal experimental design methods, a comparative analysis was conducted on the upper and lower materials of the B-pillar outer panel, as well as the boundary line. The intrusion amount and intrusion velocity were used as evaluation criteria to find a better match for protecting passengers inside the vehicle. The research results showed that after optimization, the maximum intrusion amount of the B-pillar outer panel is reduced by 14.7%, and the maximum intrusion velocity is reduced by 7.4%, which can effectively reduce the impact and compression injuries to passengers inside the vehicle.
Analysis of the causes of fracture of metal parts of 220KV transmission towers and protective measures
Authors: Fan Pingcheng , Hao Qingyun , Chen Hao
Published: August 2024

The corrosion causes of a 220kV transmission tower grounding flat steel were experimentally analyzed by macroscopic inspection, chemical composition analysis, microscopic structure inspection, corrosion product morphology and energy spectrum, galvanized layer thickness test, soil physical and chemical property analysis, and other test methods. The results indicate that the combined effect of chemical and electrochemical corrosion of the soil and stray current corrosion has resulted in the development of severe corrosion damage, which has ultimately led to the failure of the grounding flat steel. Furthermore, the requisite protective measures and recommendations are provided for the aforementioned scenarios.
Structural characteristics analysis of extra–high–head pump–turbine-unit under extreme-pressure working-conditions
Authors: Huang Xiaoying , Huang Xingxing , Huang Yanqing , Bi Huili , Xu Buchao , Wang Zhengwei
Published: August 2024

During transient processes in extra–high–head pumped–storage power plants, the prototype pump–turbine-units must be able to withstand sudden changes in water pressure within the delivery system. Extremely high or low pressures can act on structures in the short or long term and can cause damage, challenging the efficient, safe and healthy operation of prototype pump–turbine-units. So it is very important to adequately evaluate the structural robustness and stability of the extra–high–head pump–turbine prototype in the design period. In this study, the structural characteristics of an extra–high– head prototype pump–turbine-unit at extreme-pressure working- conditions were conducted. First, the full-scale CAD geometries for the prototype pump–turbine-unit were created. Next, the CAD geometries were meshed with tetrahedron elements to obtain the numerical simulation model. Then apply the extreme- pressure loads on the simulation model to evaluate the structural deformation and stress of the pump–turbine-unit prototype. From calculation results, it can be found that the stresses on some structural components are beyond the yield strength, and the high-stress locations have to be redesigned to meet the industrial requirement. Based on the calculation results, technical recommendations are given to optimize the current design. The developed evaluation method in this study can also be applied to evaluate pressured pipes, tanks, and other forms of fluid machinery.
Fracture Identification and Porosity Prediction of Carbonate Reservoirs Based on Neural Network Simulation
Authors: Sun Ping
Published: August 2024

Carbonate reservoirs have characteristics such as diverse reservoir types, complex structures, and strong heterogeneity, resulting in complex logging responses. Therefore, it is necessary to study logging characterization methods suitable for complex carbonate reservoirs. The dissolution of deep carbonate rocks in karst depressions in central Sichuan is relatively weak, but the development of fractured reservoirs makes it difficult to effectively apply conventional interpretation methods. A multi-layer perceptual neural network model based on artificial intelligence was used to establish a fracture identification and porosity prediction model based on logging data, combined with the measured physical properties of G1 well. The results indicate that fractures are generally developed in the study area, accounting for over 30%; The research area is mainly composed of dense reservoirs, with an average porosity of 2.7% in the normal matrix section and 2.6% in the fracture developed section. The verification with actual physical properties also indicates that the model has a prediction accuracy of 78%, which has high application value.
Research on Surface Defects of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Wang Weilong , Shen Hao , Gu Qianning , Zhang Rui , Wang Jiahao , Shi Xi
Published: August 2024

A company prepared 304 stainless steel screws through drawing, cold heading, and punching treatment processes. Cracks appeared at the cross hole of the nut, and a large number of samples had cracks. After inclusion analysis, metallographic analysis, and flow pattern analysis, it was found that the cracking of the cap was mainly caused by excessive pressure during the punching process. Subsequently, the punching pressure was reduced by 20 MPa, and the problem of cap cracking was solved.
Potential Transmission Routes and Treatment Measures of Wastewater during Respiratory Infectious Virus Pandemic
Authors: Tian Yizong , Fu Yiran , Mao Pan , Chi Yongzhi
Published: August 2024

SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread all around the world, seriously affecting public health and economy. With the second pandemic occurring in most areas, people attend to the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus through wastewater. In order to help the general public fill the knowledge gap, this paper summarizes the current methods of treating wastewater polluted, so as to reduce the transmission opportunity of COVID-2019. In order to highlight the serious problem of virus transmission through wastewater and raise social awareness, taking the sewage treatment facilities of designated hospitals as an example, this paper first reveals the valuable information about the effluent quality of facilities during the COVID-2019 pandemic and the fight against the epidemic on Tientsin, which is very important for controlling the pandemic.
Organic Carbon Density and Its Influencing Factors in Caofeidian Seagrass Bed Sediments, China
Authors: Zhang Xing , Liu Xianbin
Published: August 2024

Seagrass ecosystems capture and store a large amount of carbon every year. However, co-mpared with other ecosystems, research on deep sediment carbon pools in China 's seagrass ecosystem is still relatively scarce. In this study, a total of 24 deep sediment samples were collected, with a total of 264 subsediment samples. The distribution of organic carbon content in sediments at 0~60 cm in Caofei-dian seagrass bed in China were analysed. The organic carbon content in sediments ranged from 0.080% to 1.004%, the average organic carbon content was 0.456%, and the median value ranged from 0.170% to 0.740%. The collection of samples followed the principle of typicality and representativeness, and the Caofeidian seagrass bed in China was sampled and investigated. Sediment physical and chemical pr-operties are important factors affecting the content of organic carbon in sediments. There was a significant negative correlation between organic carbon content and bulk density, a significant positive correlation with water content, a positive correlation with TN, and no correlation with TP.
CdS-loaded multivalent MnOx co-catalysts for enhanced hydrogen production performance
Authors: Zhang Chongwen , Zheng Yi
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen production by decomposing water using semiconductor photocatalysts is considered a promising method capable of producing clean energy and solving environmental problems. Hexagonalphase CdS single crystals with layer-stacked hexagonal nanosheet structure were synthesized by hydrothermal method by adjusting the synthesis conditions of CdS, which simultaneously exposed different crystalline surfaces. A multivalent MnOx co-catalyst was loaded on CdS by photodeposition, which acts as an oxidation co-catalyst and tends to collect holes. The unique structural features of the two co-catalysts with different valence states of Mn greatly inhibited the complexation of photogenerated electrons and holes, which favored the charge separation and transfer, and the performance of the photocatalysts was greatly improved with a hydrogen production rate of 1.31 mmolꞏg-1ꞏh-1.
Monte Carlo Study of Agent-Based Blume-Capel Model for Political Depolarization
Authors: Diep Hung T. , Kaufman Miron , Kaufman Sanda
Published: August 2024

In this paper, using Monte Carlo simulations we show that the Blume-Capel model gives rise to the social depolarization. This model borrowed from statistical physics uses the continuous Ising spin varying from -1 to 1 passing by zero to express the political stance of an individual going from ultra-left (-1) to ultra-right (+1). The particularity of the Blume-Capel model is the existence of a D-term which favors the state of spin zero which is a neutral stance. We consider the political system of the USA where voters affiliate with two political groups: Democrats or Republicans, or are independent. Each group is composed of a large number of interacting members of the same stance. We represent the general political ambiance (or degree of social turmoil) with a temperature T similar to thermal agitation in statistical physics. When three groups interact with each other, their stances can get closer or further from each other, depending on the nature of their inter-group interactions. We study the dynamics of such variations as functions of the value of the D-term of each group. We show that the polarization decreases with incresasing D. We outline the important role of T in these dynamics. These MC results are in excellent agreement with the mean-field treatment of the same model.
Feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided diffusing alpha emitter radiation therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer: Preliminary data
Authors: Miller Corey S , Lecavalier-Barsoum Magali , Ma Kim , Santos Dutra Miriam , Kaitoukov Youri , Bahoric Boris , Tomic Nada , Dinelle Francine , Enger Shirin , Batist Gerald , Yang Stephen , Laporta Donald , Kavan Petr , Sahai Anand , Roberge David , Donath David
Published: August 2024

Background and study aims Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with limited locoregional treatment options. Diffusing alpha-emitter radiation therapy (Alpha DaRT), a novel cancer treatment using alpha-particle interstitial radiotherapy, may help address this challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Alpha DaRT for advanced pancreatic cancer.

Patients and methods Patients with inoperable locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated with EUS-guided Alpha DaRT insertion. The Alpha DaRT sources were delivered into pancreatic tumors using a standard EUS needle with a novel proprietary applicator. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Tumor response was evaluated by imaging 4 to 6 weeks post treatment.

Results The first five patients were treated between March and September 2023. The procedure was technically successful in all cases, with Alpha DaRT sources inserted into the target tumor. Estimated gross tumor volume coverage ranged from 8% to 44%. Fourteen AEs were reported among three patients. Four were serious AEs, none of which was associated with the treatment, but rather, with disease progression or medical assistance in dying. Only two AEs (mild) were deemed possibly related to the study device. At the 35-day visit, two patients had progressive disease and three had stable disease, with one of the latter showing partial response 2 months post procedure.

Conclusions Preliminary results from this first-in-human trial indicate that EUS-guided Alpha DaRT treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer is feasible and safe, with no device-associated serious AEs. Further investigation of this promising novel modality is underway.
The Role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Amylin in Pediatric Migraine
Authors: Aydin Hilal , Baykan Ozgür
Published: August 2024

Background Very few studies have examined the relationship between calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and amylin levels and the disease in patients with migraine. The purpose of this study was to compare blood CGRP and amylin levels between pediatric migraine patients and healthy controls and the relationship between CGRP and amylin levels and migraine attack frequency and duration.

Materials and Methods The study involved two separate groups—control and migraine. Thirty-two patients aged 6 to 18 years presenting to the Balikesir University Medical Faculty pediatric neurology clinic and diagnosed with migraine were included. The control group consisted of 32 patients without migraine presenting to the clinic during the same time frame. The patients' demographic data, personal and family histories, migraine type and frequency, headache severity, basic anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and body mass index), and physical and neurological examination findings were recorded. Migraine patients were classified as ictal if the collection of blood specimens coincided with the attack period and as interictal if this was performed between attacks.

Results No statistically significant differences in mean CGRP or amylin levels were determined between the groups (migraine ictal/interictal) or between the migraine patients (in terms of gender or attack frequency and duration).

Conclusion Elucidating the complex processes involved in the pathogenesis of migraine is important in terms of our ability to develop new treatments and therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to evaluate CGRP and amylin levels in patients with pediatric migraine (in the ictal and interictal periods) compared with those in healthy controls.
Uterine Artery Embolization for Iatrogenic Uterine Vascular Injuries
Authors: Vignesh S. , Mukuntharajan T. , Madhumitha B. , Kabhilan A. K. , Sindhu M.
Published: August 2024

Purpose Uterine curettage or surgery can lead to uterine vascular injuries such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or pseudoaneurysms (PsAs), and patients may present with life-threatening uterine bleeding. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of uterine artery embolization (UAE) in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding due to iatrogenic vascular injuries.

Methods This is a retrospective review of 22 patients who underwent UAE at our institution between January 2019 and January 2023. Sixteen patients had a history of iatrogenic procedures. Uterine curettage was done in 12 patients, manual vacuum aspiration in 1 patient, and cesarean surgery in 3 patients. The outcomes were assessed in the form of technical feasibility, cessation of bleeding, recurrence, and pregnancy on follow-up.

Results Eighteen (18/22) patients had vascular malformations and 4 (4/22) had PsA on computed tomography. Eight patients had typical AVM features with early draining vein and 10 patients had hypertrophied vessels with no early draining veins. A total of 35 uterine arteries were embolized in 22 patients. The most commonly used embolic material was polyvinyl alcohol particles (28/35 arteries). Postembolization, bleeding symptoms subsided in 19 patients (86.4%). Three patients had recurrence of bleeding symptoms for which they underwent repeat embolization. Six patients (27%) became pregnant during the follow-up period of 15 months.

Conclusion UAE is a safe and effective treatment for iatrogenic uterine vascular injuries. This procedure allows for the preservation of uterine function with the possibility of future pregnancy and should be considered as a primary treatment option.
Descripting
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+ and Weyl fermion as beam/current for pump/injection semiconductor devices
Authors: Abbas Arwa Saud
Published: August 2024

Based on the demand for an improvement in various corpuscle types of current injection, the objective of this technique is to provide a new concept of carrier generators for optoelectronic pump and injection devices. This investigation is conducted to improve current injection by using a particle other than the electron. The idea was conceived from condensed matter physics for a technique to implement positron for carrier transport in semiconductors with the source based on localized emissions. A radioactive source such as 22Na is incident on a tungsten vane moderator, thus having positive electrons flowing and tunneling as well as a laser-driven high-quality positron into semiconductor-based devices. In addition, tantalum arsenide (TaAs) hosting Weyl particles has been discovered to hold significant potential for cutting-edge technological uses. Injection of different carriers and their behavior in semiconductors will lead to the emergence of solid state optoelectronics with different carrier injections that possesses a high energy (100–500 keV) and the possibility of maximum energy that is approximately several tens of megaelectron volts. Significantly, these various carrier sources have a larger range of operational settings and output characteristics due to their various underlying emission principles, thus obtaining a greater kinetic energy for a positron. The transformation to Weyl fermions carries electric charge via a device far more quickly than ordinary electrons, therefore unlocking the potential of new materials with unusual transport properties.
Anisotropy of microstructure features and tensile properties of Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb alloy produced by electron beam powder bed fusion
Authors: Ding Guoquan , Zhou Xin , Chang Dongbo , Gao Hanyu , Dang Mengxiang , Tian Ying , Zhang Ting
Published: August 2024

A Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb alloy was produced by electron beam powder bed fusion. The effect of the volume energy density parameter on the forming quality was investigated, and the tissue characteristics, hardness distribution, and mechanical properties of the alloy were analyzed. The results showed that the quality was better when the volume energy density parameter was 21.5–22.5 J/mm3. The microstructure of the alloy has the phenomenon of changing with the forming height: with an increase in the forming height, the forming part produces the phenomenon of strip microstructure along the construction direction, and the regional microstructure variability occurs under the cross section of the same height. The average hardness of the alloy reached 375.2 HV at the bottom, 381.8 HV in the middle, and 389.6 HV at the top, and the standard errors of the hardness values were 12.40, 10.49, and 7.12 HV, respectively, with the microhardness showing a gradual increase along the molding direction, and the homogeneity was gradually better. The transverse tensile strength at room temperature reached 526 MPa, the yield strength reached 461 MPa, and the elongation at break reached 1.24%, while the longitudinal tensile strength reached 486 MPa, the yield strength reached 414 MPa, and the elongation at break reached 1.02%.
Numerical analysis of atomization characteristics of fuel-jet in crossflow
Authors: Wu Rujun , Sun Cen , Gui Yifei
Published: August 2024

In order to study the breakup and atomization mechanisms of the fuel-jet in air crossflow and realize the accurate and controllable atomization effect of fuel, this paper proposes a method by coupling the large eddy simulation method and the VOF to DPM method. The results show that the breakup and atomization of the fuel-jet are mainly caused by the Rayleigh–Taylor (R–T) unstable surface wave and the Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) instability. The density of fuel-particles is higher near the central region of the fuel jet trajectory, decreasing as distance from the central region increases. As the momentum ratio increases, the penetration depth of the fuel-jet column also increases, resulting in a more concentrated spatial distribution of fuel particles. Conversely, with a lower momentum ratio, the spatial distribution of fuel particles becomes more uniform. For the spatial distribution of fuel particles, a new mathematical model is established to characterize the spatial distribution boundary of fuel particles. At the same momentum ratio, the higher the air velocity, the smaller the average particle diameter. At the same Weg number, the higher the fuel-jet velocity, the higher the average particle diameter. The relative error of the average particle diameter between the experiment and numerical simulation is very small, which is 6.4%.
Older patients want to talk about sexual health in Australian primary care
Authors: Bourchier Louise , Temple-Smith Meredith , Hocking Jane S. , Malta Sue
Published: August 2024

Background Maintaining sexual health and function is important to many older adults. Although older patients are regular users of primary care, opportunities to address sexual health concerns are missed. Building on interview studies, this research aimed to collect a larger number of older adults’ perspectives to deepen understanding of sexual healthcare needs and formulate recommendations for the Australian primary care context. Methods As part of the SHAPE2 Survey of older adults’ sexual health information-seeking behaviours, participants (aged ≥60 years and living in Australia) were asked what sexual health issues were most important to them, and the barriers they experienced in managing their sexual health. Data were collected in 2021 in the form of free-text comments. The sub-set of comments that related to healthcare experiences were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Out of 1470 survey participants, 864 responded to the relevant questions, and of these 107 wrote about healthcare experiences. Some comments described positive experiences seeking sexual health care; however, the majority outlined barriers to accessing support. Barriers were categorised into seven categories: patient embarrassment, barriers to rapport, uncertainty about finding solutions, ageism, barriers unique to minorities, needing general practitioners to initiate conversations and structural barriers. Conclusions Older patients want general practitioners to initiate sexual health conversations as part of routine care, and, crucially, sexual issues raised by the patient should be legitimised and treated with due attention. Although challenges, such as time, embarrassment and pressing health concerns, may hamper sexual health discussions, it is important that this area of holistic care is given more attention.
Origins of life: The Protein Folding Problem all over again?
Authors: Kocher Charles D. , Dill Ken A.
Published: August 2024

How did specific useful protein sequences arise from simpler molecules at the origin of life? This seemingly needle-in-a-haystack problem has remarkably close resemblance to the old Protein Folding Problem, for which the solution is now known from statistical physics. Based on the logic that Origins must have come only after there was an operative evolution mechanism—which selects on phenotype, not genotype—we give a perspective that proteins and their folding processes are likely to have been the primary driver of the early stages of the origin of life.
General theory for localizing the where and when of entropy production meets single-molecule experiments
Authors: Degünther Julius , van der Meer Jann , Seifert Udo
Published: August 2024

The laws of thermodynamics apply to biophysical systems on the nanoscale as described by the framework of stochastic thermodynamics. This theory provides universal, exact relations for quantities like work, which have been verified in experiments where a fully resolved description allows direct access to such quantities. Complementary studies consider partially hidden, coarse-grained descriptions, in which the mean entropy production typically is not directly accessible but can be bounded in terms of observable quantities. Going beyond the mean, we introduce a fluctuating entropy production that applies to individual trajectories in a coarse-grained description under time-dependent driving. Thus, this concept is applicable to the broad and experimentally significant class of driven systems in which not all relevant states can be resolved. We provide a paradigmatic example by studying an experimentally verified protein unfolding process. As a consequence, the entire distribution of the coarse-grained entropy production rather than merely its mean retains spatial and temporal information about the microscopic process. In particular, we obtain a bound on the distribution of the physical entropy production of individual unfolding events.
Phase separation of polyubiquitinated proteins in UBQLN2 condensates controls substrate fate
Authors: Valentino Isabella M. , Llivicota-Guaman Jeniffer G. , Dao Thuy P. , Mulvey Erin O. , Lehman Andrew M. , Galagedera Sarasi K. K. , Mallon Erica L. , Castañeda Carlos A. , Kraut Daniel A.
Published: August 2024

Ubiquitination is one of the most common posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells. Depending on the architecture of polyubiquitin chains, substrate proteins can meet different cellular fates, but our understanding of how chain linkage controls protein fate remains limited. UBL-UBA shuttle proteins, such as UBQLN2, bind to ubiquitinated proteins and to the proteasome or other protein quality control machinery elements and play a role in substrate fate determination. Under physiological conditions, UBQLN2 forms biomolecular condensates through phase separation, a physicochemical phenomenon in which multivalent interactions drive the formation of a macromolecule-rich dense phase. Ubiquitin and polyubiquitin chains modulate UBQLN2’s phase separation in a linkage-dependent manner, suggesting a possible link to substrate fate determination, but polyubiquitinated substrates have not been examined directly. Using sedimentation assays and microscopy we show that polyubiquitinated substrates induce UBQLN2 phase separation and incorporate into the resulting condensates. This substrate effect is strongest with K63-linked substrates, intermediate with mixed-linkage substrates, and weakest with K48-linked substrates. Proteasomes can be recruited to these condensates, but proteasome activity toward K63-linked and mixed linkage substrates is inhibited in condensates. Substrates are also protected from deubiquitinases by UBQLN2-induced phase separation. Our results suggest that phase separation could regulate the fate of ubiquitinated substrates in a chain-linkage-dependent manner, thus serving as an interpreter of the ubiquitin code.
Dynamic interaction of REEP5–MFN1/2 enables mitochondrial hitchhiking on tubular ER
Authors: Chen Shue , Sun Yang , Qin Yuling , Yang Lan , Hao Zhenhua , Xu Zhihao , Björklund Mikael , Liu Wei , Hong Zhi
Published: August 2024

Mitochondrial functions can be regulated by membrane contact sites with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These mitochondria–ER contact sites (MERCs) are functionally heterogeneous and maintained by various tethers. Here, we found that REEP5, an ER tubule-shaping protein, interacts with Mitofusins 1/2 to mediate mitochondrial distribution throughout the cytosol by a new transport mechanism, mitochondrial “hitchhiking” with tubular ER on microtubules. REEP5 depletion led to reduced tethering and increased perinuclear localization of mitochondria. Conversely, increasing REEP5 expression facilitated mitochondrial distribution throughout the cytoplasm. Rapamycin-induced irreversible REEP5–MFN1/2 interaction led to mitochondrial hyperfusion, implying that the dynamic release of mitochondria from tethering is necessary for normal mitochondrial distribution and dynamics. Functionally, disruption of MFN2–REEP5 interaction dynamics by forced dimerization or silencing REEP5 modulated the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall, our results indicate that dynamic REEP5–MFN1/2 interaction mediates cytosolic distribution and connectivity of the mitochondrial network by “hitchhiking” and this process regulates mitochondrial ROS, which is vital for multiple physiological functions.
Bayesian modelling of multiple plasma diagnostics at Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Kwak Sehyun , Hoefel U. , Krychowiak M. , Langenberg A. , Svensson J. , Trimino Mora H. , Ghim Y.-C. ,   the W7-X Team
Published: August 2024

Inference of electron density and temperature has been performed using multiple, diverse sets of plasma diagnostic data at Wendelstein 7-X. Predictive models for the interferometer, Thomson scattering and helium beam emission spectroscopy (He-BES) systems have been developed within the Minerva framework and integrated into a unified model. Electron density and temperature profiles are modelled using Gaussian processes. Calibration factors for the Thomson scattering system and predictive uncertainties are considered as additional unknown parameters. The joint posterior probability distribution for the electron density and temperature profiles as well as Gaussian process hyperparameters and model parameters is explored through a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Samples from this distribution are numerically marginalised over the hyperparameters and model parameters to yield marginal posterior distributions for the electron density and temperature profiles. The profile inferences incorporate various data combinations from the interferometer and Thomson scattering as well as constraints at the limiter/divertor positions through virtual observations or edge data from He-BES. Additionally, the integration of x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer data into the model for ion temperature profiles is presented. All profiles presented in this study are inferred with optimally selected hyperparameters and model parameters by exploring the joint posterior distribution, inherently applying Bayesian Occam’s razor.
Evaluating the strength and durability characteristics of concrete incorporating steel slag, GGBS and silica fume
Authors: Tharun Teja G , Paluri Yeswanth , Pampana Lavanya Devi , Rebka Y
Published: August 2024

The construction industry plays a noteworthy role in environmental degradation as it exhausts natural resources extensively. Utilising by-products and wastes in concrete is a sustainable approach to generating environmentally-friendly concrete. This paper aims to create an environmentally friendly concrete by incorporating Steel Slag, GGBS, and Silica Fume in concrete. The study concentrates on the effect of Steel Slag (aggregates replacement) and GGBS & Silica Fume (as supplementary cementitious material) on the strength and durability characteristics of concrete. The experimental programme demonstrates that incorporating Steel slag as aggregate substitute hindered the strength properties of the concrete and improved the durability. The use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) into steel slag concrete greatly enhance its strength and durability. SS50G20SF10 mix had strength properties similar to that of CM, while the mix had a superior durability compared to CM. Overall, this study’s findings indicate that using Steel Slag in combination with SCMs enhances concrete’s overall performance and suggests that it might be a more environmentally friendly and sustainable option than normal concrete.
Durability properties of ternary blended self-compacting concrete with experimental validation
Authors: Harsha Vardhan Reddy P , Lalitha G
Published: August 2024

The goal of the current research is to better understand how self-compacting concrete (SCC) behaves by adding Alccofine, Silica fume and copper slag. Experiment data is collected in order to better understand the durability qualities of hardened SCC built using sustainable resources and to improve the mix’s effectiveness. In this case, a cement fragment has been restored using alccofine and silica-fume at set percentages of 15% and 20%, respectively. A portion of Fine aggregate is reinstated with copper slag (CS) which is an industrial throw away in percentages (0%,10%,20%,30%,40%). This study is concentrated on determining the durability properties like acid resistance test, half-cell potential test and abrasion resistance test have been carried on M40 graded SCC. Durability properties were studied at regular intervals. The durability experiments were conducted after 56 days curing of specimens. Compared to other mixes, the peak durability resistance was obtained at 30% replacement of CS. Due to aggressive nature of copper slag better resistance was observed to certain extent. Obtained parameters were of considerable limits. The results evince that copper slag is a feasible material which can be utilized in SCC mixes.
Bamboo as A Sustainable Alternative Reinforcement Material: A Review
Authors: Vijaya Gowri T. , Siva Rama Krishna U. , Biradar Sangmesh V
Published: August 2024

The increase of Indian population is in drastic manner, and it is essential to fulfil their basic needs such as food and shelter. It demands more amount of construction materials; further, it causes depletion of resources. In this context, it is necessary to identify new alternative materials against conventional materials to maintain sustainability of resources. Bamboo is one of the alternatives to the steel reinforcement and it is green, renewable, fast growing and eco-friendly material. This paper presents, different types of bamboos available, testing methods, their usage as reinforcement, testing methods for its mechanical properties, comparison between steel reinforcement, and different types of bamboo reinforcements.
Exploring the Impact of Alccofine and Quarry Dust on Compressive and Split Tensile Strength of Concrete
Authors: Prasad Bokka Durga Vara , Sree Kumar K , Suseela K , Rohith P , Purna Chandra Rao P
Published: August 2024

This investigation delves into the creative application of Alccofine—a cutting-edge, microfine substance—along with quarry dust, serving as partial replacements for cement and river sand in concrete blends, aiming to improve both the mechanical attributes and the environmental sustainability of the concrete. Alccofine, recognized for its pozzolanic activity, together with quarry dust—a residual product from the stone crushing process in quarries—were examined for their capability to enhance the strength and longevity of concrete. The experimental approach involved modifying a standard concrete mix formulation by substituting 10% of cement with Alccofine—determined as the most effective proportion based on prior research— and replacing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of river sand with quarry dust. This study aimed to evaluate how these adjustments affect the compressive and split tensile strengths of concrete after curing for 7, 14, and 28 days. The outcomes indicated that concrete blends incorporating Alccofine and quarry dust reached the desired average strength levels after a 28-day curing period, with the combination of 10% Alccofine and 10% quarry dust (A10Q10) showing the most notable enhancement in both early and sustained strength characteristics. This particular mix experienced a minor reduction in compressive strength in comparison to the concrete with only Alccofine (A10), hinting at an ideal equilibrium of the advantages offered by these materials. The study confirms that the synergistic use of Alccofine and quarry dust not only contributes to the development of high-strength, sustainable concrete but also leverages industrial byproducts, thereby enhancing the environmental sustainability of construction practices.
A Study on Partial Replacement of Cement using Natural Zeolite
Authors: Prudhvi E , Reddy Sujatha
Published: August 2024

Because of its superior mechanical and physical qualities, concrete, a composite material, has long been one of the most widely utilized materials in the civil engineering sector. Without a doubt, cement is the component that uses the greatest energy. In addition to being energy-intensive, the manufacture of cement contributes significantly to global CO2 emissions, making up 8% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Concrete’s performance and resilience to harsh environmental stresses are enhanced by the addition of natural zeolite powder to blended cement. Concrete buildings are subject to a multitude of detrimental consequences when exposed to harsh environments, including carbonation, acid attack, ion migration of chloride and sulfate, and so forth. The concrete structure eventually weakens as a result of these exposures, reducing its lifespan. In concrete, pozzolans and supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs)—natural or synthetic—are widely utilized in different proportions to substitute cement as an enhancer ingredient. This study attempts to generate quantitative data and comprehend the performance of concrete at various levels of zeolite replacement and presents an experimental investigation to evaluate the compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete with Natural zeolite as a partial replacement material. In this work, the pulse velocities and acid attack resistance of concrete that contains natural zeolite as a partial replacement material are measured. There are several ratios in which natural zeolite is utilized instead of cement: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. To get quantitative data and understand the performance of concrete at different levels of natural zeolite replacement, the cubes and cylinders were cast and evaluated after seven and twenty-eight days. The best percentage of replacement of natural zeolite in cement is calculated by performing various tests on the cubes casted with various natural zeolite replacement ratios in concrete.
Investigating the Influence of Glass Fibres on Geopolymer Concrete’s Mechanical Properties
Authors: Maddikera Lokanath Reddy , Maddikera Krishna Reddy
Published: August 2024

The mechanism of the hydrated calcium silicate binder in concrete is linked to the inorganic alumina-silicate binder mechanism in geopolymer concrete. This connection offers advantages such as rapid strength development, superior mechanical and durability properties, and the elimination of the need for water curing. These materials have the potential to serve as sustainable alternatives to regular Portland cement, providing environmental benefits. However, they exhibit a failure pattern akin to brittle solids. To enhance their flexural strength, fiber reinforcement can be employed to overcome this limitation. This study presents the findings of experimental investigations into the mechanical characteristics of both Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete (OPCC) and Geopolymer Concrete (GPC). Twelve mixtures in all, with six GPC and six OPCC mixes and different percentages of glass fibres (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 by weight fraction of binder), were made. The current paper examines the mechanical properties of glass fiber-infused GPC and OPCC.
Modeling and Analysis of sustainability performance Indicators in spool fabrication industry.
Authors: Kiran Sankar M. S , Gupta Sumit , Luthra Sunil
Published: August 2024

The digitalized sustainability has become an inevitable element in the business strategies of organizations. Despite its huge potential, the implementation is a tedious and complicated task. Regardless of their prominent role in the oil & gas sector, the adaptation of sustainability in the spool fabrication industries is in the embryonic stage due to major impediments like organizational readiness, financial hurdles, lack of awareness and proper education, absence of stakeholder participation and lack of management support. In prior to the adaptation, the status quo of sustainability in the spool fabrication industry is to be assessed. The literature survey elucidated that there exists a dearth of studies pertinent to indicators of digitalized sustainable manufacturing in the spool fabrication industries. The objective of the current study is to assess the sustainability indicators in the spool fabrication business through a thorough examination of the literature and validation by professional opinion. The final list of indicators are accomplished by the expert’s opinion for exclusion of insignificance and inclusion of specific ones. The final list encompasses 9 Environmental indicators, 8 Economic Indicators and 10 Social Indicators which will be beneficial for developing sustainable strategies and serve as guidelines for the implementation of sustainable practices in spool fabrication industry.
Structural Performance of EPS Core Based Cementitious Sandwich Panel under Various Loading Conditions
Authors: Sumala M , Murali Krishna B , Tezeswi T P
Published: August 2024

Sandwich panels have gained a lot of popularity in recent years as engineers seek to replace the heavy, rigid constructions with the light weight structures that permit good energy absorption and deformation values. Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) core based cementitious sandwich composite panels are used as load bearing and non-load bearing panels. This EPS panel is a light weight, thermal efficient and reduces the cost of construction. This panel consists of upper and lower face skin and a core layer is sandwiched between the two face layers. In this paper the material for face skin used is structural plaster and for a core layer the material used is EPS. This paper mainly focus on the structural response of EPS core based cementitious sandwich wall panel based on linear quasi-static simulation in ABAQUS using finite element modelling for the axial and flexure loading. Further the performance is assessed under blast load, the pressure impulse (P-I) curves are developed using MATLAB. P-I curve methodology is used to generate the performance of panel. P-I curve implies that there is a significant damage induced on the wall panel. The sandwich wall panel analyzed as an isolated flexural response dominated structural component can safely resist the blast load.
Enhancing Aircraft Fuel Prediction with LSTM-Attention: Examining Lag Effects Across the Entire Flight
Authors: Ji Binbin , Xu Luqi
Published: August 2024

This research is centered on achieving full-flight fuel consumption fitting using a single model, with a specific focus on emphasizing the potential lag effects in aircraft fuel consumption. The proposed LSTM-Attention model integrates the capabilities of the LSTM network to effectively extract correlation features and sequence features from the data. Simultaneously, the attention mechanism assumes a crucial role in accentuating temporal dependencies and lag effects associated with fuel consumption in distinct flight segments. The parameters of the model undergo meticulous optimization through adjustment experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to traditional models like BPNN, ELMAN, and RNN, the proposed model more efficiently extracts fuel consumption features throughout the entire flight, reducing the average prediction error by 66.5% and improving stability by an average of 38.8%. This model not only contributes to advancing fuel-saving research based on Quick Access Recorder (QAR) data but also holds promise for fault diagnosis applications in aviation.
An improved small signal model of a mos transistor in millimeter wave band considering longitudinal distributed effects
Authors: Xie Minjie , Sun Yabin , Shi Yanling , Li Xiaojin
Published: August 2024

Two kinds of distributed effects may appear in a MOS transistor in high frequencies: the non-quasi-static (NQS) effect along the channel and the longitudinal distributed effect (LDE) along the gate finger, especially with long finger length. The former can be modeled by NQS resistance and has been widely adopted, while the latter has not been accurately accounted for. Therefore, in this paper, we first calculate the two-port Y-parameters of a long gate finger MOS transistor considering LDE, using transmission line equations. Then, based on the distributed Y-parameters, a modified small-signal model is proposed. Finally, the modified model is verified by ADS and TCAD simulations. It is demonstrated that within the range of 0.1 GHz to 10 GHz, the maximum error is less than 1%, and even up to 100 GHz, the error does not exceed 5%. The results manifest that the modified model proposed in this paper is adequate for modeling LDE in high frequencies.
YogurtNet: Enhanced machine learning approach for voltage drop prediction
Authors: Liang Longxi , Xian Yuxiang , Guo Shaoshan , Xie Zhuoming
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to design and implement YogurtNet, a machine learning based static voltage drop (IR Drop) prediction system for SoC power networks. The system employs class image processing techniques, unsupervised learning clustering methods and shallow neural network techniques. Important algorithmic components include the Word2Vec algorithm for implementing clustering, which maps instance names into a name coordinate system; the Pix2pix algorithm for transforming 17 channels of raw data into two channels of predicted data; and an in-house developed shallow neural network, YogurtPyramid, which is used to further approximate and optimize the prediction results. Our model is trained on the names, coordinates, power consumption, and resistance of the back-end layout component instances of three mainstream open-source SoCs (RISCY, Zero-riscy, and RISCY-FPU), and successfully predicts the IR Drop data of each on-chip instance. In terms of model execution results, the average execution time is 69.94 seconds and the average MAE value is 5.2784, demonstrating the high accuracy prediction capability of the model.
Endurance characteristics of HZO FeFETs with different interface layers
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhu Hui
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the endurance characteristics of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) with SiO2 and Y2O3 interface layers. FeFETs have emerged as a promising candidate for high-density ferroelectric memory development, featuring advantages like non-destructive readout, non-volatility, and high stability. Despite the advancements in HfO2-based FeFETs, their endurance, a key performance indicator, remains a challenge. We present a detailed study on the effects of program/erase (P/E) cycling on the electrical characteristics of HZO FeFETs with SiO2 and Y2O3 interface layers, highlighting the wake-up and fatigue phenomena observed. Our investigation reveals the intrinsic mechanisms underlying these phenomena and the impact of interface layer material on the endurance behavior of HZO FeFETs.
An adaptive analog front-end for action potential detection
Authors: Li Jiayan , Li Xiaolong , Wang Yike , Cui Xuanming , Liu Xu
Published: August 2024

An analog front-end (AFE) for action potential (AP) detection is presented in this work. The AFE comprises a bandwidth-adjustable preamplifier and an adaptive detector (APD). The bandwidth-adjustable preamplifier contains a capacitively coupled amplifier and a cascaded tunable band-pass filter (BPF) to extract AP signals. The APD comprises a nonlinear energy operator (NEO) and an adaptive threshold detector. The NEO is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the action potential and preliminarily distinguish AP signals and background noise. The adaptive threshold detector exploits a current-type variable gain amplifier (VGA) to generate an adaptive threshold. Simulation results show that the bandwidth of the adjustable preamplifier is 300 Hz∼5 kHz, and its gain is 25 dB. When the minimum input SNR is -40 dB and the maximum SNR is -10 dB, the amplitude of the AP signal can be detected as 1.25 mV to 50 mV, and the signal amplitude of the AP signals after preprocessing is 1 mV to 15 mV. The adaptive threshold amplitude ranges from 1 mV to 20 mV. The APD can achieve a detection rate of 99% and an accuracy rate of 99%. The power consumption of the 15.7 μW with the power supply voltage is 1.8 V.