bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mice Deficient in AKAP13 (BRX) Are Osteoporotic and Have Impaired Osteogenesis
Authors: Koide Hisashi , Holmbeck Kenn , Lui Julian C , Guo Xiaoxiao C , Driggers Paul , Chu Tiffany , Tatsuno Ichiro , Quaglieri Caroline , Kino Tomoshige , Baron Jeffrey , Young Marian F , Robey Pamela G , Segars James H
Published: April 2015

Mechanical stimulation is crucial to bone growth and triggers osteogenic differentiation through a process involving Rho and protein kinase A. We previously cloned a gene (AKAP13, aka BRX) encoding a protein kinase A-anchoring protein in the N-terminus, a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for RhoA in the mid-section, coupled to a carboxyl region that binds to estrogen and glucocorticoid nuclear receptors. Because of the critical role of Rho, estrogen, and glucocorticoids in bone remodeling, we examined the multifunctional role of Akap13. Akap13 was expressed in bone, and mice haploinsufficient for Akap13 (Akap13+/–) displayed reduced bone mineral density, reduced bone volume/total volume, and trabecular number, and increased trabecular spacing; resembling the changes observed in osteoporotic bone. Consistent with the osteoporotic phenotype, Colony forming unit-fibroblast numbers were diminished in Akap13+/– mice, as were osteoblast numbers and extracellular matrix production when compared to control littermates. Transcripts of Runx2, an essential transcription factor for the osteogenic lineage, and alkaline phosphatase (Alp), an indicator of osteogenic commitment, were both reduced in femora of Akap13+/– mice. Knockdown of Akap13 reduced levels of Runx2 and Alp transcripts in immortalized bone marrow stem cells. These findings suggest that Akap13 haploinsufficient mice have a deficiency in early osteogenesis with a corresponding reduction in osteoblast number, but no impairment of mature osteoblast activity. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effects of Melatonin‐Aided Therapy on the Glutathione Antioxidant System Activity and Liver Protection
Authors: Popov Serguey S. , Shulgin Konstantin K. , Popova Tatyana N. , Pashkov Aleksander N. , Agarkov Aleksander A. , de Carvalho Miguel A. A. Pinheiro
Published: April 2015

Acute hepatitis results from oxidative stress triggered by hepatotoxic drugs causing liver injury and the activation of caspases cascade. The glutathione antioxidant system protects against reactive oxygen species and mitigates development of these processes. The effectiveness of silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, essenthiale, composed of phosphatidyl choline, and melaxen, a melatonin‐correcting drug, as hepatoprotectors has been investigated. The variation of 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), resulting from the biotransformation of melatonin, and GSH has been measured. The activities of caspase‐1 and caspase‐3, glutathione antioxidant system, and NADPH‐generating enzymes were determined. The aMT6s decreases in patients with drug hepatitis and recovers with administration of mexalen. GSH increased in the presence of the studied hepatoprotectors. Pathologically activated caspase‐1 and caspase‐3 decreased their activities in the presence of hepatoprotectors with melaxen showing the highest effect. The positive effect of melatonin appears to be related to the suppression of decompensation of the glutathione antioxidant system functions, recovery of liver redox status, and the attenuation of inhibition of the NADPH supply.
Product Costing Systems: Finding the Right Approach
Authors: Fisher Joseph G. , Krumwiede Kip
Published: April 2015

Many product costing methods and systems exist, but having the right costing system for a given situation can be difficult. This article identifies four key questions to answer and points out the advantages and disadvantages of various cost systems to find the right balance of convenience, correctness, and implementation costs in a product costing system. Nestlé, for example, discovered that good product management, aided by better cost systems, can pay major dividends. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use Lean Accounting to Add Value to the Organization
Authors: DeBusk Gerald K.
Published: April 2015

Companies pursuing Lean or Lean Six Sigma need changes in management, from their organizational structures to performance measurement. Management accountants must also change their accounting systems to support the new approaches to decision making and performance measurement; they can then use Lean Accounting to add value to their organizations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treasurers Under Investigation
Authors: Shapiro David
Published: April 2015

Questionable actions by treasurers lie at the heart of many financial scandals and investigations. Cash and liquid assets—a primary concern of treasurers—have inherently high risk. So it is not surprising that the risks of treasury fraud and mismanagement require special design, monitoring, and auditing—all with continuous diligence. The author takes a look at some recent cases where treasurers have been under investigation, and reveals insights about how to prevent such disasters. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enterprise Master Plan: Next‐Generation Planning With Activity‐Based Costing
Authors: Dybvig Alan , Karrenbauer Jeff , Miller John
Published: April 2015

Imagine relaxing the assumption of a fixed sales forecast to solve for the optimum level of sales and marketing spending that will provide the maximum profit and return on investment. This article and case study explains how. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of different injection modes in edible oil minor components analysis
Authors: Purcaro Giorgia , Barp Laura , Conte Lanfranco
Published: April 2015

Waxes and fatty acid alkyl esters are minor components used as official parameters to control the authenticity and quality of a high‐value olive oil product. A poor measurement can lead to a misleading classification of the oil. The official method requires their analysis together by capillary gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and an on‐column injector to avoid discrimination and thermal degradation. The degradation can occur to a different extent if different (and not properly optimized) injectors are used. However, other injection techniques, such as programmed‐temperature vaporizer, are much more versatile and more widespread. The aim of the present work was to compare the performance of a programmed‐temperature vaporizer injector, in on‐column and splitless mode, with the on‐column injector to analyze alkyl esters and waxes. Discrimination among high‐boiling compounds was evaluated, as well as the occurrence of thermal degradation, especially of sterols and diterpene alcohol (phytyl and geranylgeraniol) esters. A proper optimization of a programmed‐temperature vaporizer injection, with particular attention to the liner selection, was proven to provide comparable results to the traditional on‐column injection. A performance comparison was carried out both on standard mixtures and on real oil samples.
Omega‐3 and sleep: New insights from the DHA Oxford Learning and Behaviour (DOLAB) study
Authors: Richardson Alex
Published: April 2015

Does dietary intake of omega‐3 DHA influence children's sleep? Sleep problems affecting 40% of UK schoolchildren aged 7–9 years were reported in a recent University of Oxford study and lower blood concentrations of omega‐3 DHA predicted more serious sleep problems in these otherwise healthy, normal children. In a randomised controlled trial, dietary supplementation with omega‐3 DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) for 16 weeks improved parent‐rated sleep in children with such problems. Furthermore, objectively measured sleep duration was increased by almost one hour by DHA vs placebo.
Shake table testing of reinforced concrete columns with different layout size of foundation
Authors: Radnić J. , Grgić N. , Matešan D. , Baloević G.
Published: April 2015

The behavior of cantilever reinforced concrete columns with different layout size (length) of the foundation was experimentally investigated. Three different layout sizes of the foundation were adopted, i.e. three different rotational stiffnesses of foundation (high, medium, low). The column parameters (slenderness, material properties, reinforcement, mass at the top, etc.) are equal for all tested structures. The foundation of the columns is placed on a shake table in variants: (i) over a 20 mm thick layer of limestone sand, (ii) over a 100 mm thick layer of limestone sand, (iii) foundations fixed to the shake table. The tested structures were exposed to repeated horizontal base accelerations of an artificial accelerogram. Each structure was tested by a set of artificial accelerograms, with successive increase of accelerations in each applied excitation until structural collapse or loss of stability. Characteristic displacements and accelerations of the structure were measures, as well as concrete and reinforcement strains. It was concluded that the layout size of the foundation has a significant influence on the behavior of the concrete column under earthquake conditions, especially for greater base accelerations.
Design of an adaptive high precision clamping system for flexible bodies
Authors: Araújo M. , Janousch C. , Schwenk H. , Merkel M.
Published: April 2015

In manufacturing engineering, especially in machining process, the definition of a reference plane is the first essential step within the overall process. After the reference plane is applied at the component all other features are processed with reference to this basic plane. During any process the component has to be clamped in order to resist the processing forces. There are several clamping systems available, such as pneumatic, magnetic systems or magneto‐rheological (MR) systems. Depending on its stiffness the component is deformed due to the clamping forces, stresses are introduced. This effect can be neglected for components with a high stiffness and nearly rigid body behaviour. However, the deformation of low stiff components under clamping forces, e.g. sheet metals, is relatively large and is in the same range as the addressed accuracy of machining process. Due to the introduced elastic clamping stresses the component will reconfigure after clamping, this phenomenon is known as springback.

The focus of this work is the design of a clamping system for flexible bodies in order to reduce the springback and to enable high precision processing. This clamping system consists in a set of supports, which adjust to the surface of the body without introducing stresses and causing no springback after the machining process. The number and the arrangement of the supports are optimized as a function of the intensity and position of the milling force and the geometrical and mechanical properties of the body as well. The functional unit of the clamping system is a cylindrical bodysliding nearly frictionless within a pipe. Numerical simulation is used for configuration and optimization. The developed clamping systems can also be used to process freeform shaped bodies.
Conceptual design of the composite sandwich fuselage of a re‐entry vehicle
Authors: Belardo M. , Paletta N. , Mercurio U.
Published: April 2015

CIRA, the Italian Aerospace Research Centre, is carrying out two projects among the others: one is focused on a feasibility study of a future re‐entry spacecraft, USV‐3; and the other is a technological project aimed at developing anisogrid lattice composite cold structures, ICCS. The two projects are linked since the benchmark structure for ICCS project is the structure of the fuselage of USV3, sharing the same requirements.

The present paper is focused on the conceptual design of the USV‐3 fuselage conceived in composite sandwich, used also as a benchmark for the ICCS project. The low level requirements of the structure have been obtained from launcher and mission high level requirements. Among all load types experienced by the vehicle during its mission, a first set of mechanical loads for conceptual design have been selected and evaluated. Analytical relations from literature have been used to choose materials, stacking sequence and core geometry against strength and typical core instability phenomena for the design of an equivalent cylindrical geometry made in sandwich composite. Then a simplified finite element model of the real cold structure shape has been set up, by using the same properties which came out from initial sizing of the cylindrical structure. Modal analyses have been carried out to verify natural frequencies compatibility with the launcher, with iterations on design. Once launcher compatibility was fulfilled, static strength and global buckling analyses have been carried out against launch and landing load factors showing a good behavior of the selected structural concepts for the fuselage cold structure.
On the ageing of polymers and the time‐shifting procedure
Authors: Creus G. J.
Published: April 2015

The time‐shifting procedure, originally developed for time‐temperature equivalence in the modelling of polymers mechanical behaviour, has later on been extended to time‐age equivalence. The present paper discusses both situations in the context of linear viscoelastic behaviour, from the point of view of mathematical representation and the fitting of experimental data. The general equations in the cases of ageing and non‐ageing are introduced and the cases of hardening and softening types of ageing are precisely characterised. Situations in which time shifting can prove effective are delimited and alternative more general expressions are proposed.
The human NANOS3 gene contributes to lung tumour invasion by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Grelet Simon , Andries Vanessa , Polette Myriam , Gilles Christine , Staes Katrien , Martin Anne‐Pascaline , Kileztky Claire , Terryn Christine , Dalstein Véronique , Cheng Chun‐Wen , Shen Chen‐Yang , Birembaut Philippe , Van Roy Frans , Nawrocki‐Raby Béatrice
Published: April 2015

We have explored the role of the human NANOS3 gene in lung tumour progression. We show that NANOS3 is over‐expressed by invasive lung cancer cells and is a prognostic marker for non‐small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). NANOS3 gene expression is restricted in testis and brain and is regulated by epigenetic events. It is up‐regulated in cultured cells undergoing epithelial − mesenchymal transition (EMT). NANOS3 over‐expression in human NSCLC cell lines enhances their invasiveness by up‐regulating EMT, whereas its silencing induces mesenchymal − epithelial transition. NANOS3 represses E‐cadherin at the transcriptional level and up‐regulates vimentin post‐transcriptionally. Also, we show that NANOS3 binds mRNAs encoding vimentin and regulates the length of their poly(A) tail. Finally, NANOS3 can also protect vimentin mRNA from microRNA‐mediated repression. We thus demonstrate a role for NANOS3 in the acquisition of invasiveness by human lung tumour cells and propose a new mechanism of post‐transcriptional regulation of EMT. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explaining the Link between Personality and Relationship Satisfaction: Emotion Regulation and Interpersonal Behaviour in Conflict Discussions
Authors: Vater Aline , Schröder–Abé Michela
Published: April 2015

Past research has shown that personality traits predict relationship quality in romantic couples. However, very little research has investigated psychological processes that underlie the link between personality and relationship satisfaction. The present study focused on the mediating role of spontaneous emotion regulation and positive interpersonal behaviour. This study applied a dyadic design with 137 couples who completed self–report questionnaires assessing Big Five personality traits at baseline. Subsequently, couples were asked to discuss a current relationship conflict during a laboratory session. Emotion regulation and relationship satisfaction were assessed via self–report directly after the discussion. Relationship satisfaction was additionally assessed at 6–month follow–up. Interpersonal behaviour during the conflict discussion was videotaped and coded by independent raters. As expected, emotion regulation (expressive suppression, perspective taking and aggressive externalisation), positive interpersonal behaviour and state relationship satisfaction during the conflict discussion mediated the relation between personality and long–term relationship satisfaction. In sum, this study provides evidence that personality is linked to relationship satisfaction through intrapersonal and interpersonal processes during social interactions. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Personality and Friendship Satisfaction in Daily Life: Do Everyday Social Interactions Account for Individual Differences in Friendship Satisfaction?
Authors: Wilson Robert E. , Harris Kelci , Vazire Simine
Published: April 2015

Who are the people who maintain satisfying friendships? And, what are the behaviours that might explain why those people achieve high friendship satisfaction? We examined the associations between personality (self–reports and peer–reports) and friendship satisfaction (self–reports) among 434 students. We also examined whether role personality (how people act with their friends) and quantity and quality of social interactions using ecological momentary assessment mediate the associations between personality and friendship satisfaction. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and (low) neuroticism were associated with higher levels of friendship satisfaction. These associations could not be accounted for by individual differences in role personality. In addition, our results suggest that quantity of time spent with friends and quality of friend interactions (depth of conversation, self–disclosure and lack of emotion suppression), although associated with friendship satisfaction, do not account for the associations between trait personality and friendship satisfaction. Future research should examine other potential interpersonal processes that explain why some people are more satisfied with their friendships than others and the consequences of friendship satisfaction (e.g. for well–being). Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
The Social Consequences of Personality: Six Suggestions for Future Research
Authors: Back Mitja D. , Vazire Simine
Published: April 2015

Historically, personality psychology has not focused on the social realm, and social psychology has mostly neglected the influence of individual differences. This has, however, begun to change in the past two decades. Recent years have brought an explosion in creative research programmes on the social consequences of personality. In this paper, we offer a (highly subjective) view on how research on the social consequences of personality should move forward. We note that the existing literature is focused heavily on: traits (at the expense of other personality characteristics), a narrow set of social outcomes (e.g. romantic relationship satisfaction) and effects of personality on one's own outcomes (rather than taking a dyadic/interpersonal perspective). In addition, little attention has been paid to the complex dynamic processes that might account for the links between personality and social outcomes. Based on this, we outline six suggestions for future research on the social consequences of personality: (1) examine a wide range of personality variables and integrate findings across domains; (2) take a broader and more integrative view on social outcomes, including different relationship types, phases and transitions; (3) analyse personality effects on social outcomes from different social perspectives (e.g. self, other and dyad); (4) search for processes that explain the associations between personality and social outcomes; (5) collect rich, multi–method, longitudinal, behavioural datasets with large samples and (6) carefully evaluate the implications of personality effects on social outcomes. We invite researchers to embrace a more collaborative and slower scientific approach to answer the many open questions about the social consequences of personality. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Service Level Decision‐making in Rural Physiotherapy: Development of Conceptual Models
Authors: Adams Robyn , Jones Anne , Lefmann Sophie , Sheppard Lorraine
Published: April 2015

Background

Understanding decision‐making about health service provision is increasingly important in an environment of increasing demand and constrained resources. Multiple factors are likely to influence decisions about which services will be provided, yet workforce is the most noted factor in the rural physiotherapy literature. This paper draws together results obtained from exploration of service level decision‐making (SLDM) to propose ‘conceptual’ models of rural physiotherapy SLDM.

Method

A prioritized qualitative approach enabled exploration of participant perspectives about rural physiotherapy decision‐making. Stakeholder perspectives were obtained through surveys and in‐depth interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and reviewed by participants. Participant confidentiality was maintained by coding both participants and sites. A system theory‐case study heuristic provided a framework for exploration across sites within the investigation area: a large area of one Australian state with a mix of regional, rural and remote communities.

Results

Thirty‐nine surveys were received from participants in 11 communities. Nineteen in‐depth interviews were conducted with physiotherapists and key decision‐makers. Results reveal the complexity of factors influencing rural physiotherapy service provision and the value of a systems approach when exploring decision‐making about rural physiotherapy service provision. Six key features were identified that formed the rural physiotherapy SLDM system: capacity and capability; contextual influences; layered decision‐making; access issues; value and beliefs; and tensions and conflict.

Conclusions

Rural physiotherapy SLDM is not a one‐dimensional process but results from the complex interaction of clusters of systems issues. Decision‐making about physiotherapy service provision is influenced by both internal and external factors. Similarities in influencing factors and the iterative nature of decision‐making emerged, which enabled linking physiotherapy SLDM with clinical decision‐making and placing both within the broader healthcare context. The conceptual models provide a way of thinking about decisions informing rural physiotherapy service provision. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of In2S3/ZnCuInS2 interfaces for wide‐gap solar cells
Authors: Yamamoto Teruaki , Negami Takayuki , Matsubara Koji , Niki Shigeru
Published: April 2015

We have fabricated superstrate In2S3/ZnCuInS2 (Zn2xCu1‐xIn1‐xS2, ZCIS) solar cells as the top cell of multi‐junction solar cells. The ZCIS and In2S3 thin films were deposited by spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) and an efficiency of 4.4% was achieved with bandgap of 1.8 eV. However, in the structure of superstrate type solar cells, interdiffusion have been caused between the buffer layer and the ZCIS layer. In order to suppress the interdiffusion, we have fabricated In2S3/ZCIS substrate type solar cells. The thickness of the interdiffusion region decreased from 70 nm of the superstrate cell to 15 nm of the substrate cell. As a result, the substrate cell with bandgap of 1.8 eV showed VOC of 0.71 V and FF of 0.55 higher than those of the superstrate cells. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of preparation technology of ZnO and ZnO: Al thin films for solar cell applications
Authors: Bagiyev Elnur , Balayeva Narmina , Aliyeva Yegana , Kerimova Afet , Valiyev Rusif , Mamiyev Zamin , Gasimov Nagi , Bayramov Ayaz
Published: April 2015

ZnO and ZnO: Al thin films of about 100 nm thicknesses were deposited by magnetron sputtering method at 200‐400 °C substrate temperatures under oxygen/argon gas mixture with different O/Ar ratio (0‐6%O2). The higher crystallinities for ZnO: Al and ZnO films are achieved at 400 °C substrate temperature under 0% and 4% (O/Ar) mixture ratios, respectively. The films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopic ellipsometery (SE), photoluminescence spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. Electrical, optical, and luminescent properties depending on crystallinities of the obtained films were studied. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lexical state analyzer for JavaCC grammars
Authors: Gupta Kartik , Nandivada V. Krishna
Published: April 2015

Lexical states in JavaCC provide a powerful mechanism to scan regular expressions in a context sensitive manner. But lexical states also make it hard to reason about the correctness of the grammar. We first categorize the related correctness issues into two classes: errors and warnings. We then extend the traditional context sensitive and a context insensitive analysis to identify errors and warnings in context‐free grammars. We have implemented these analyses as a standalone tool (LSA), the first of its kind, to identify errors and warnings in JavaCC grammars. The LSA tool outputs a graph that depicts the grammar and the error transitions. Importantly, it can also generate counter example strings that can be used to establish the errors. We have used LSA to analyze a host of open‐source JavaCC grammar files to good effect. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sexual Mixing in Shanghai: Are Heterosexual Contact Patterns Compatible With an HIV/AIDS Epidemic?
Authors: Merli M. Giovanna , Moody James , Mendelsohn Joshua , Gauthier Robin
Published: April 2015

China’s HIV prevalence is low, mainly concentrated among female sex workers (FSWs), their clients, men who have sex with men, and the stable partners of members of these high-risk groups. We evaluate the contribution to the spread of HIV of China’s regime of heterosexual relations, of the structure of heterosexual networks, and of the attributes of key population groups with simulations driven by data from a cross-sectional survey of egocentric sexual networks of the general population of Shanghai and from a concurrent respondent-driven sample of FSWs. We find that the heterosexual network generated by our empirically calibrated simulations has low levels of partner change, strong constraints on partner selection by age and education, and a very small connected core, mainly comprising FSWs and their clients and characterized by a fragile transmission structure. This network has a small HIV epidemic potential but is compatible with the transmission of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as syphilis, which are less susceptible to structural breaks in transmission of infection. Our results suggest that policies that force commercial sex underground could have an adverse effect on the spread of HIV and other STIs.
Adolescents' beliefs about the fairness of exclusion of peers with mental health problems
Authors: O'Driscoll Claire , Heary Caroline , Hennessy Eilis , McKeague Lynn
Published: April 2015

Stigma research suggests that exclusion of peers with mental health problems is acceptable, however, no research has explored young people's beliefs about the fairness of exclusion. Group interviews with 148 adolescents explored judgements about the fairness of excluding peers with ADHD or depression from dyads and groups. Young people evaluated exclusion of peers with ADHD or depression from dyads and groups, with the exception of group exclusion of the peer with ADHD, as mostly unfair. Beliefs about the fairness of exclusion were influenced by the attributions that they applied to the target peer's behaviour, social obligations and loyalty within friendships and concerns about the adverse psychological effects of exclusion. Furthermore, their evaluations were influenced by personal beliefs about the social and personal costs of including the target peer. Evaluations of exclusion highlight novel avenues for to develop knowledge on the stigma of mental health problems.
Baseline burden and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria recovered from oral lesions of patients with HIV/AIDS in South‐Western Uganda
Authors: Agwu Ezera , Ihongbe John C. , Ezeonwumelu Joseph O. , Lodhi Moazzam M.
Published: April 2015

Background: The need to map pathogenic bacteria from oral lesions of patients with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains crucial to estimate the potential risk of localized and systemic diseases.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the baseline burden and antibiotic susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria recovered from oral lesions of patients with HIV/AIDS in South‐Western Uganda.

Methods: World Health Organization’s aseptic criteria were adopted in oral examination, sample (605) collection, pathogenic bacteria isolation, and sensitivity testing. The included patients with HIV/AIDS had persistent oral lesions, and they received antibiotic treatment. The study was ethically approved by the institutional and national boards.

Results: Pathogenic bacteria (31% Streptococcus mutans, 16.4% Proteus mirabilis, 11.8% nonhemolytic Streptococcus species, 11.3% Staphylococcus aureus, 9.5% Branhamella catarrhalis, 8.6% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 8.1% Klebsiella pneumoniae, 6.8% Escherichia coli, and 5.5% Streptococcus pyogenes) prevalence varied significantly (p < 0.05) with participating districts, and this may indicate that patients are at an increased risk of systemic infection and antibiotic resistance. Females were more in number than males, and 31–50 years were the most predominant age groups. The variation of oral pathogenic bacteria represents the distribution of two ethnics made of five tribes. Gentamycin was the most effective antibiotic against all isolates. Relative resistance to oral antibiotics and sensitivity to ciprofloxacin/cefaclor were bacteria‐dependent. An effective treatment plan for persistent oral lesions should be against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Conclusions: An observed wide array of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity of patients with HIV/AIDS poses a real problem in the world of antimicrobial resistance, and this clearly provides a higher risk of systemic infectious diseases in these population with HIV/AIDS.
Conodont biostratigraphy of the mid-Carboniferous boundary in Western Ireland
Authors: FALLON PETER , MURRAY JOHN
Published: April 2015

Two stratigraphic sections spanning the mid-Carboniferous boundary were examined in the Clare Shale Formation of the Shannon Basin in Western Ireland. Calcareous nodules intermittently occur within these generally non-calcareous organic-rich shales, and these have yielded Serpukhovian and Bashkirian conodont elements. The biostratigraphic range of the Irish material is illustrated here for the first time. Results show that the mid-Carboniferous and Arnsbergian–Chokierian boundaries are coincident at Ballybunion.Gnathodus girtyiis restricted to the lower part of the Serpukhovian Stage (Late Mississippian), whileG. bilineatus bollandensispersists into much younger strata, close to the first occurrence ofDeclinognathodus noduliferus s.l. One element belonging toG. postbilineatusis also present. These findings support the argument thatD. noduliferus s.l. developed fromG. b. bollandensis, rather than fromG. girtyi. The biostratigraphical tool for the identification of the mid-Carboniferous boundary globally, and the suitability of the section at Arrow Canyon, USA as a GSSP, may therefore need to be reassessed.
X-ray powder diffraction data for beta-methyl vinyl phosphate (C29H27N2O10P)
Authors: Ma XiaoLi , Tang PeiXiao , Yan Jin , Wu XiaoQing , Chen Qiang , Li Hui
Published: April 2015

X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for beta-methyl vinyl phosphate (MAP), C29H27N2O10P, are reported [a = 17.293(4) Å, b = 6.142(6) Å, c = 14.464(8) Å, α = γ = 90°, β = 112.048(0)°, unit-cell volume V = 1424.19 Å3, Z = 2, and space group P21]. All measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the P21 space group. No detectable impurity was observed.
Pankreaskarzinom – eine heilbare Erkrankung
Authors: Limani Perparim , Samaras Panagiotis , Lesurtel Mickael , Graf Rolf , DeOliveira Michelle L. , Petrowsky Henrik , Clavien Pierre-Alain
Published: April 2015

Das Pankreaskarzinom ist die siebthäufigste Krebserkrankung in der Schweiz und ist mit einer hohen Sterblichkeit assoziiert. Der natürliche Verlauf der Erkrankung ist tödlich mit einem Dreijahresüberleben von unter 5%. Fortschritte in Diagnostik, Tumorstaging und multimodalen Therapien führten im letzten Jahrzehnt zu einem Fünfjahresüberleben von über 20%. Patienten mit Pankreaskarzinom profitieren von einer interdisziplinären Behandlung in einer hepatopankreatobiliären Zentrumsklinik. Die chirurgische Resektion nach einem umfassenden Tumorstaging ist weiterhin die einzige kurative Therapiemöglichkeit, die mittlerweile auch laparoskopisch durchgeführt werden kann, in der Regel gefolgt von einer adjuvanten Chemotherapie. Der Stellenwert der neoadjuvanten Therapie wird derzeit in klinischen Studien getestet. Für Patienten mit einem fortgeschrittenen Pankreaskarzinom, die nicht einem kurativen Konzept unterzogen werden können, besteht die Möglichkeit zum Einschluss in innovativen klinischen Studien mit neuen Therapiekonzepten.
Physiology-Based Kinetic Modeling of Neuronal Energy Metabolism Unravels the Molecular Basis of NAD(P)H Fluorescence Transients
Authors: Berndt Nikolaus , Kann Oliver , Holzhütter Hermann-Georg
Published: April 2015

Imaging of the cellular fluorescence of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) is one of the few metabolic readouts that enable noninvasive and time-resolved monitoring of the functional status of mitochondria in neuronal tissues. Stimulation-induced transient changes in NAD(P)H fluorescence intensity frequently display a biphasic characteristic that is influenced by various molecular processes, e.g., intracellular calcium dynamics, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, the malate–aspartate shuttle, the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, oxygen supply or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) demand. To evaluate the relative impact of these processes, we developed and validated a detailed physiologic mathematical model of the energy metabolism of neuronal cells and used the model to simulate metabolic changes of single cells and tissue slices under different settings of stimulus-induced activity and varying nutritional supply of glucose, pyruvate or lactate. Notably, all experimentally determined NAD(P)H responses could be reproduced with one and the same generic cellular model. Our computations reveal that (1) cells with quite different metabolic status may generate almost identical NAD(P)H responses and (2) cells of the same type may quite differently contribute to aggregate NAD(P)H responses recorded in brain slices, depending on the spatial location within the tissue. Our computational approach reconciles different and sometimes even controversial experimental findings and improves our mechanistic understanding of the metabolic changes underlying live-cell NAD(P)H fluorescence transients.
Ultrasensitive visual read-out of nucleic acids using electrocatalytic fluid displacement
Authors: Besant Justin D. , Das Jagotamoy , Burgess Ian B. , Liu Wenhan , Sargent Edward H. , Kelley Shana O.
Published: April 2015

Diagnosis of disease outside of sophisticated laboratories urgently requires low-cost, user-friendly devices. Disposable, instrument-free testing devices are used for home and physician office testing, but are limited in applicability to a small class of highly abundant analytes. Direct, unambiguous visual read-out is an ideal way to deliver a result on a disposable device; however, existing strategies that deliver appropriate sensitivity produce only subtle colour changes. Here we report a new approach, which we term electrocatalytic fluid displacement, where a molecular binding event is transduced into an electrochemical current, which drives the electrodeposition of a metal catalyst. The catalyst promotes bubble formation that displaces a fluid to reveal a high contrast change. We couple the read-out system to a nanostructured microelectrode and demonstrate direct visual detection of 100 fM DNA in 10 min. This represents the lowest limit of detection of nucleic acids reported using high contrast visual read-out.
Geometric and energetic consequences of prototropy for adenine and its structural models – a review
Authors: Raczyńska Ewa D. , Makowski Mariusz , Hallmann Małgorzata , Kamińska Beata
Published: April 2015

Prototropy for adenine and its convenient models causes parallel changes of geometric (HOMED) and energetic (ΔE) parameters for neutral tautomers.
In situ surface cleaning on a Ge substrate using TMA and MgCp2for HfO2-based gate oxides
Authors: Oh Il-Kwon , Kim Kangsik , Lee Zonghoon , Song Jeong-Gyu , Lee Chang Wan , Thompson David , Lee Han-Bo-Ram , Kim Woo-Hee , Maeng Wan Joo , Kim Hyungjun
Published: April 2015

Compared to TMA, MgCp2is an effective remover of Ge oxides with a more stable interface quality resulting in better electrical properties of Ge-based MOS devices.
A single precursor approach for ZIF synthesis: transformation of a new 1D [Zn(Im)(HIm)2(OAc)] structure to 3D Zn(Im)2 frameworks
Authors: Shi Qi , Wang Fei , Kang Xiaozhen , Xu Jun , Huang Yining , Li Jinping , Dong Jinxiang
Published: April 2015

We successfully use a 1-dimensional (1D) chain structure with the formula [Zn(Im)(HIm)2(OAc)] (Im = imidazolate, HIm = imidazole, OAc = carboxylate) as a single precursor/source of a metal and ligand to directly prepare 3-dimensional (3D) [Zn(Im)2] frameworks.
Coordination complex of boron subphthalocyanine (BSubPc) with fluorenone pinacolate: effective π–π interaction of concave BSubPc macrocycle with fullerene C60
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Troyanov Sergey I. , Lyubovskaya Rimma N.
Published: April 2015

Dimeric coordination assembly of fluorenone pinacolate (C26H16O22−) with boron subphthalocyanine (BSubPc) was obtained and studied in the complex with fullerene {(BSubPc)2(C26H16O2)}·C60.
Chiral recognition and atropisomerism in the sevoflurane dimer
Authors: Seifert Nathan A. , Pérez Cristóbal , Neill Justin L. , Pate Brooks H. , Vallejo-López Montserrat , Lesarri Alberto , Cocinero Emilio J. , Castaño Fernando
Published: April 2015

Transient chirality in the anesthetic sevoflurane results in two different homo- and heterochiral clusters on formation of the dimer, as observed by rotational spectroscopy.
A rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of a sodium–cadmium metal–organic framework having improved performance as a CO2 adsorbent for CCS
Authors: Palomino Cabello Carlos , Arean Carlos Otero , Parra José B. , Ania Conchi O. , Rumori P. , Turnes Palomino G.
Published: April 2015

A very stable sodium–cadmium metal–organic framework with high volumetric CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity has been prepared by a fast and easy microwave-assisted method.
Facile synthesis of dumbbell-shaped multi-compartment nanoparticles
Authors: Doermbach Karla , Pich Andrij
Published: April 2015

In this article we report on the controlled synthesis of asymmetric lemon-shaped and dumbbell-shaped multi-compartment nanoparticles (MCPs) with a reactive surface and interesting morphology.
Writing nanopatterns with electrochemical oxidation on redox responsive organometallic multilayers by AFM
Authors: Song Jing , Hempenius Mark A. , Jing Chung Hong , Julius Vancso G.
Published: April 2015

Nanoelectrochemical patterning of redox responsive organometallic poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) multilayers is demonstrated by electrochemical dip pen lithograpy (EDPN).
RAFT polymerization and associated reactivity ratios of methacrylate-functionalized mixed bio-oil constituents
Authors: Holmberg Angela L. , Karavolias Michael G. , Epps Thomas H.
Published: April 2015

High separations costs reduce the practicality of polymers sourced from renewable bio-oils, motivating economical multicomponent bio-oil polymerizations. Thus, this paper investigates polymerization behavior of model bio-oil components and their mixtures.
Density functional studies of small silicon clusters adsorbed on graphene
Authors: Yong Yongliang , Hao Xiping , Li Chao , Li Xiaohong , Li Tongwei , Cui Hongling , Lv Shijie
Published: April 2015

The structural and electronic properties of small Sinclusters (n= 1–6, 10) adsorbed on graphene are studied by use of density functional theory within periodic boundary conditions.
High dielectric permittivity and low loss tangent of polystyrene incorporated with hydrophobic core–shell copper nanowires
Authors: He Linxiang , Tjong Sie Chin
Published: April 2015

Core–shell copper nanowires for improving the dielectric performance of polystyrene.
Fabrication of SERS-active conjugated copolymers/gold nanoparticles composite films by interface-directed assembly
Authors: He Ya-Guang , Shi Sheng-Yu , Liu Na , Zhu Yuan-Yuan , Ding Yun-Sheng , Yin Jun , Wu Zong-Quan
Published: April 2015

A new composite film was synthesised by taking advantage of interface-directed assembly between thiol group-functionalized copolymers and Au NPs. The film not only exhibited strongly Au NP concentration-dependent SERS activity, but also allowed detection of a model molecule.
Fluorescence ‘on–off–on’ chemosensor for the sequential recognition of Hg2+and cysteine in water
Authors: Choi Ye Won , Lee Jae Jun , You Ga Rim , Kim Cheal
Published: April 2015

Fluorescent chemosensor showed the sequential detection of Hg2+and cysteine, and could be applied for quantification of Hg2+in water samples.
Frequency tuning design for vibration‐driven electromagnetic energy harvester
Authors: Lee Byung‐Chul , Chung Gwiy‐Sang
Published: April 2015

The common resonant‐based vibration energy harvester effectively converts mechanical vibration to electrical power when an ambient excitation frequency matches the specific resonant frequency of the device. The resonant frequencies of energy harvesters are generally fixed during the design process and cannot be changed after fabrication. Therefore frequency tuning technology that allows for operation in a wide frequency range is desirable for a vibration energy harvester. In this study, the authors proposed a novel frequency tuning design of vibration‐driven energy harvester, which used electromagnetic conversion. The proposed frequency tuning method uses a rotatable spring in order to adjust the spring constant. Through this tuning method, the resonant frequency of the harvester can be manipulated simply by rotating the spring. The proposed tuning‐based energy harvester has been successfully tuned to have a resonant frequency from 23 to 32 Hz. These test results agree with the ANSYS analysis presented. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed energy harvester can generate a maximum power output of 60 μW with an acceleration of 0.5 g (1 g = 9.81 m/s2). When the proposed harvester was attached to an automobile engine, a maximum open‐circuit voltage of 1.78 Vpp was produced at 700 RPM.
Charge injection and accumulation in organic light-emitting diode with PEDOT:PSS anode
Authors: Weis Martin , Otsuka Takako , Taguchi Dai , Manaka Takaaki , Iwamoto Mitsumasa
Published: April 2015

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays using flexible substrates have many attractive features. Since transparent conductive oxides do not fit the requirements of flexible devices, conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been proposed as an alternative. The charge injection and accumulation in OLED devices with PEDOT:PSS anodes are investigated and compared with indium tin oxide anode devices. Higher current density and electroluminescence light intensity are achieved for the OLED device with a PEDOT:PSS anode. The electric field induced second-harmonic generation technique is used for direct observation of temporal evolution of electric fields. It is clearly demonstrated that the improvement in the device performance of the OLED device with a PEDOT:PSS anode is associated with the smooth charge injection and accumulation.
Strongly enhanced spin current in topological insulator/ferromagnetic metal heterostructures by spin pumping
Authors: Wu C. N. , Lin Y. H. , Fanchiang Y. T. , Hung H. Y. , Lin H. Y. , Lin P. H. , Lin J. G. , Lee S. F. , Hong M. , Kwo J.
Published: April 2015

Spin pumping effect in Bi2Se3/Fe3Si and Fe/Bi2Te3 heterostructures was studied. High quality films of Bi2Se3(001) on ferromagnetic Fe3Si(111) layer and Fe(111) films on Bi2Te3(001) layer were grown epitaxially by molecular beam epitaxy. Using a microwave cavity source, large voltages due to the Inverse Spin Hall Effect (VISHE) were detected in Bi2Se3(001)/Fe3Si(111) bi-layer at room temperature. VISHE of up to 63.4 ± 4.0 μV at 100 mW microwave power (PMW) was observed. In addition, Fe(111)/Bi2Te3(001) bi-layer also showed a large VISHE of 3.0 ± 0.1 μV at PMW of 25 mW. VISHE of both structures showed microwave linear power dependence in accordance with the theoretical model of spin pumping. The spin Hall angle was calculated to be 0.0053 ± 0.002 in Bi2Se3 and was estimated to be 0.0068 ± 0.003 in Bi2Te3. The charge current density (Jc) of Bi2Se3/Fe3Si and Fe/Bi2Te3 structures are comparable and are about 2–5 times higher than the Fe3Si/normal metal and Fe3Si/GaAs results. The significant enhancement of spin current in topological insulator/ferromagnetic metal (TI/FM) and FM/TI bilayers is attributed to strong spin-orbit coupling inherent of TIs and demonstrates the high potential of exploiting TI-based structures for spintronic applications.
Multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties of CoFe2O4/Pb1−xSrxTiO3 composite films
Authors: Negi N. S. , Bala Kanchan , Yadav Akash , Kotnala R. K.
Published: April 2015

To realize multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties, bi-layered nanocomposite films consisting of CoFe2O4 (CFO)/Pb1−xSrxTiO3 (PST) phases (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) have been deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate by using a metallo-organic decomposition process. Both the PST perovskite and the CFO spinel phases are confirmed from X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra of the composite films. The composite films exhibit room temperature multiferroic properties. The values of saturation magnetization (Ms), remanent magnetization (Mr), and coercive field (Hc) of the composite films are in the range of 108–119 kA/m, 42–51 kA/m, and 44.5–64.1 kA/m, respectively. In addition, the saturation polarization (Ps), remanent polarization (Pr), and electrical coercive field (Ec) are observed in the range of 11.3–14.4 μC/cm2, 2.9–4.8 μC/cm2, and 56–59.5 kV/cm, respectively. The dielectric response in the presence of applied magnetic field, Hdc ∼ 238.6 kA/m shows a high magnetocapacitance value ∼385% at frequency 100 kHz for CFO/PST composite film with x = 0.1. The maximum magnetoelectric voltage co-efficient value, αE ∼ 380 kV/(m × T) has been achieved in the composite films with x = 0.1. The influence of elastic/and or interfacial strain on multiferroic magnetoelectric properties is evident from the results.
Fourier transform-based scattering-rate method for self-consistent simulations of carrier transport in semiconductor heterostructures
Authors: Schrottke L. , Lü X. , Grahn H. T.
Published: April 2015

We present a self-consistent model for carrier transport in periodic semiconductor heterostructures completely formulated in the Fourier domain. In addition to the Hamiltonian for the layer system, all expressions for the scattering rates, the applied electric field, and the carrier distribution are treated in reciprocal space. In particular, for slowly converging cases of the self-consistent solution of the Schrödinger and Poisson equations, numerous transformations between real and reciprocal space during the iterations can be avoided by using the presented method, which results in a significant reduction of computation time. Therefore, it is a promising tool for the simulation and efficient design of complex heterostructures such as terahertz quantum-cascade lasers.