bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slow Food ve Slow Fashion: Sürdürülebilir Yaşamın Yeni Trendleri
Authors: Enes Esra , Yavuz Gülser
Published: June 2023

Günümüzün hızlı üretim ve hızlı tüketim dünyasında tüm canlılar, sera gazlarının salınımı ve tarım ürünlerinin doğallığının bozulması gibi çevresel zararlarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bu dönemde yaşamı tehdit eden bu durumlar hakkında bir farkındalık oluşmuş ve buna bağlı olarak sürdürülebilirliğin önemi her alanda artmıştır. Bu bağlamda son on yılda iki önemli akım dikkat çekmektedir: Slow Food ve Slow Fashion. Bu araştırmada, son yıllarda hızlanan tüketim artışı nedeni ile insanlığın iki temel ihtiyacı olan yemek yemek ve giyinmek, sürdürülebilir ortak bakış açısı olan “yavaşlama” açısından ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada “yavaşlık” kavramının benzer disiplinler açısından kavramsal olarak ele alınması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, Slow Fashion ve Slow Food alanındaki literatürde yer alan çalışmalarla, konunun benzerlik ve farklılıkları incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın yöntemi, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden, doküman analizidir. Çalışmada Türkiye’de TR dizinde gastronomi ve moda disiplinleri açısından yer alan 26 makale içerik, amaç, yöntem ve sonuç bakımından değerlendirilmiş ve raporlanmıştır. Her iki disiplinin hızlı üretim ve tüketim döngüsüne karşı geliştirilmiş yavaşlık eyleminin benzerlik ve farklılıklarının incelenerek sürdürülebilir bir yaşam için öneriler sunulmuştur. Çalışma bulgularına göre, Slow Food ve Slow Fashion, sürdürülebilirlik, etik üretim, bilinçli tüketim, yerel kültür ve kimliğe saygı konularında benzer yaklaşımlar sergilemektedirler. Sonuç olarak, Slow Food ve Slow Fashion terimleri birbirlerinden farklı olmalarına rağmen, ortak özellikleri nedeni ile sürdürülebilir, bilinçli, adil ve kültürle uyumlu bir yaşam tarzı benimsemeyi teşvik etmektedir.
La identidad de las personas trans en el Perú: estado actual y desafíos
Authors: León Paetan Julhy Elisabeth
Published: June 2023

El derecho a la identidad es un atributo de la personalidad, nos sirve para poder desarrollarse plenamente en sociedad. De tal modo que la manera en la que una persona se percibe es tan importante como la forma en la que se es percibido por la sociedad. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo mostrar el estado de la cuestión sobre el derecho a la identidad de las personas trans. Los problemas que afrontan las personas en el marco social y jurídico, sobre todo, en cuanto al Derecho Constitucional y Derecho Penal, también serán tratados para, finalmente, ver qué propuestas de solución se han planteado frente a dichas problemáticas. Así, se busca dar un vistazo general al derecho a la identidad de las personas trans y su tratamiento actual en la legislación peruana.
Osteomielitis de miositis osificante no traumática circunscrita en pierna: reporte de un caso
Authors: Torres Escobar Nicolas , Abril Botero Maria Carolina , Oquendo Ruiz Alejandro , Cardona Alvarez Jorge Mario
Published: June 2023

Introducción: la miositis osificante es un subtipo de osificación heterotópica, siendo una complicación que ocurre posterior a un trauma osteomuscular. Su presentación clínica consiste en una masa pétrea, de contornos definidos, en muchas ocasiones indolora; ubicada frecuentemente en las extremidades. Su diagnóstico puede realizarse con una radiografía, donde su principal diagnóstico diferencial es una neoplasia. El tratamiento de primera línea es el conservador, siendo el pilar del manejo la prevención de su formación. Métodos: se presenta el caso de un paciente que ingresó bajo la sospecha diagnóstica de una osteomielitis de la tibia derecha, consultando por una úlcera en el tercio medio de la cara medial, con exposición de aparente tejido óseo e infección secundaria. Posteriormente, se hizo el diagnóstico de miositis osificante no traumática circunscrita en ambas piernas. Resultados: se realizó lavado por parte del equipo de ortopedia, con obtención de cultivos y aislamiento de un germen sensible. Se instauró un tratamiento antibiótico dirigido con una adecuada evolución clínica; y finalmente, se dio de alta al paciente con curaciones por clínica de heridas y medidas de compresión elástica. En la cita de revisión, se encontró una exitosa evolución de la herida, sin exposición ósea. Conclusión: es importante resaltar que las osificaciones heterotópicas, como cualquier otro tejido óseo, pueden sufrir las mismas complicaciones al verse expuestas al medio.
Abordaje del paciente con sospecha de cáncer sólido. Revisión de tema
Authors: Ribero-Vargas Marcel , Zapata Muñoz Maycos Leandro , Correa-Parra Laura
Published: June 2023

Introducción: existe asociación entre el tiempo del diagnóstico y el pronóstico en pacientes con cáncer. El médico no oncólogo es quien establece el primer contacto con la persona, por lo que debe hacer un enfoque clínico adecuado. Metodología: se realizó una revisión narrativa en donde se hizo una búsqueda extensiva de la literatura en bases de datos (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science), se seleccionaron los artículos más actualizados. Enfoque: se debe llevar a cabo una historia clínica, un examen físico completo y reconocer las posibles urgencias oncológicas. Para el tratamiento es mandatario tener confirmación histológica por lo que los esfuerzos deben estar dirigidos a este objetivo. El estudio del líquido pleural, pericárdico y peritoneal pueden aportar un diagnóstico histológico ágil y poco invasivo, que permita iniciar tratamiento. En caso de no tener efusiones, se deberá tomar biopsia de las lesiones más representativas y de más fácil acceso. Se debe evitar la toma rutinaria de estudios endoscópicos en pacientes sin síntomas de neoplasia gastrointestinal, al igual que marcadores tumorales que no son precisos y confunden en el proceso diagnóstico. Conclusión: es indispensable un enfoque clínico correcto que permita un diagnóstico preciso y oportuno.
A Graphical Exposition of the GTAP Model
Authors: Brockmeier Martina
Published: June 2023

This paper offers a graphical exposition of the GTAP model of global trade. Particular emphasis is placed on the accounting, or equilibrium, relationships in the model. It begins with a treatment of the a one region version of GTAP, thereafter adding a rest of world region to highlight the treatment of trade flows in the model. The implementation of policy instruments in GTAP is also explored, using simple supply-demand graphics. The material provided in this paper was first developed as an introduction to GTAP for participants taking the annual short course. Based on its success in that venue, this paper has been placed on the "highly recommended" reading list for individuals seeking an introduction and overview of the GTAP framework. This paper offers a graphical exposition of the GTAP model of global trade. Particular emphasis is placed on the accounting, or equilibrium, relationships in the model. It begins with a treatment of the a one region version of GTAP, thereafter adding a rest of world region to highlight the treatment of trade flows in the model. The implementation of policy instruments in GTAP is also explored, using simple supply-demand graphics. The material provided in this paper was first developed as an introduction to GTAP for participants taking the annual short course. Based on its success in that venue, this paper has been placed on the highly recommended reading list for individuals seeking an introduction and overview of the GTAP framework.
Endogenous International Technology Spillovers and Biased Technical Change in the GTAP Model
Authors: van Meijl Hans , van Tongeren Frank
Published: June 2023

This paper discusses the implementation of embodied international technology spillovers in the GTAP model. We specify a transmission mechanism for technical knowledge that assumes that knowledge is embodied in traded commodities. The usability of knowledge in the receiving country is dependent on the local absorption capacity (e.g., human capital, knowledge infrastructure) and on structural differences (e.g., factor endowments, climate) between countries. This concept is illustrated first by modeling spillovers embodied in final products and Hicks-neutral technical change. The bulk of the paper deals with factor-biased technical change in agriculture, and its international transmission through traded intermediate inputs. We demonstrate how to implement embodied international technology spillovers in the GTAP model and provide some numerical illustrations which highlight production effects and welfare effects. The GEMPACK implementation, together with additional data, is provided in a set of files which accompanies this paper.
GTAP-DD: A Model for Analyzing Trade Reforms in the Presence of Duty Drawbacks
Authors: Ianchovichina Elena
Published: June 2023

Duty drawback schemes, which typically involve a combination of duty rebates and exemptions, are a feature of many countries' trade regimes. They are used in highly protected, developing economies as means of providing exporters with imported inputs at world prices, and thus increasing their competitiveness, while maintaining the protection on the rest of the economy. In China duty exemptions have been central to the process of trade reform and have led to a tremendous increase in processed exports utilizing imported materials. Despite the widespread use and importance of duty drawbacks, these "new trade liberalization" instruments have been given relatively little attention in empirical multilateral trade liberalization studies. This paper presents an empirical multi-region trade model GTAP-DD, an extension of GTAP, in which the effects of policy reform are differentiated based on the trade-orientation of the firms. Both GTAP and GTAP-DD are used to analyze the impact of China's WTO accession, which involves liberalization in China from 1997 to post-accession tariffs among a number of other liberalization measures. The analysis shows that failure to account of duty exemptions in the case of China's recent WTO accession will overstate the increase in : (a) China's trade flows by 40 percent, (b) China's welfare by 15 percent, and (c) exports of selected sectors by as much as 90 percent. The magnitude of the bias depends on the level of pre-intervention tariffs and the size of tariff cuts - the larger the initial distortions and tariff reductions, the larger the bias when duty drawbacks are ignored. The bias in GTAP's estimates of China's real GDP, trade flows and welfare changes due to WTO accession increases more three times when China's pre-intervention tariffs are raised from their 1997 levels to the much higher 1995 levels. These results suggest that trade liberalization studies focusing on economies in which protection is high, import concessions play an important role and planned tariff cuts are deep, must treat duty drawbacks explicitly in order to avoid serious errors in their estimates of sectoral, trade flows and welfare changes.
Extending the GTAP Data Base and Model to Cover Domestic Support Issues using the EU as Example
Authors: Boysen-Urban Kirsten , Jensen Hans Grinsted , Brockmeier Martina
Published: June 2023

The EU Single Farm Payment (SFP) is currently distributed in proportion to primary factor shares in version 8 of the GTAP database. In this paper, we investigate whether this way of modeling the EU SFP makes a difference in analyzing agricultural policy reforms. To do so, we create alternative versions of the GTAP database to compare the effects with the default setting in GTAP. Employing OECD data, along with the GTAP framework, we vary the assumptions about the allocation of the SFP. In the process, we demonstrate how to alter and update the GTAP database to implement domestic support of OECD PSE tables. We provide a detailed overview supplemented with assumptions of payment allocation, shock calculations and in particular, the Altertax procedure to update value flows and price equations extended in the GTAP model. Subsequently, we illustrate the impact of those assumptions by simulating a 100% removal of the SFP using the deviating versions of GTAP database. This sensitivity analysis reveals strong differences in results, but particularly in production responses of food and agricultural sectors that decrease with an increasing degree of decoupling. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the effect on welfare and the trade balance decreases with an increasing degree of decoupling. This experiment shows that the allocation of the SFP can have strong impacts on simulation results.
Modern Trade Theory for CGE Modelling: the Armington, Krugman and Melitz Models
Authors: Dixon Peter , Jerie Michael , Rimmer Maureen
Published: June 2023

This paper is for CGE modelers and others interested in modern trade theory. The Armington specification of trade, assuming country-level product differentiation, has been central to CGE modelling for 40 years. Starting in the 1980s with Krugman and more recently Melitz, trade theorists have preferred specifications with firm-level product differentiation. We draw out the connections between the Armington, Krugman and Melitz models, deriving them as successively less restrictive special cases of an encompassing model. We then investigate optimality properties of the Melitz model, demonstrating that a Melitz general equilibrium is the solution to a global, cost-minimizing problem. This suggests that envelope theorems can be used in interpreting results from a Melitz model. Next we explain the Balistreri-Rutherford decomposition in which a Melitz general equilibrium model is broken into Melitz sectoral models combined with an Armington general equilibrium model. Balistreri and Rutherford see their decomposition as a basis of an iterative approach for solving Melitz general equilibrium models. We see it as a means for interpreting Melitz results as the outcome of an Armington simulation with additional shocks to productivity and preferences variables. With CGE modelers in mind, we report computational experience in solving a Melitz general equilibrium model using GEMPACK. Key words: Armington, Krugman and Melitz; CGE modelling; international trade. JEL codes: F12; D40; D58; C6
First report of free-living amoebae in watercourses in southern Brazil: molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of Vermamoeba vermiformis, Naegleria gruberi, and Acanthamoeba spp.
Authors: Marinho Brenda Teixeira Scardini , Santos Denise Leal dos , Santos Daniel Leal dos , Rott Marilise Brittes
Published: June 2023

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa dispersed in different environments and are responsible for different infections caused to humans and other animals. Microorganisms such as Acanthamoeba spp., Vermamoeba sp., and Naegleria sp. are associated with diseases that affect the central nervous system, in addition to skin infections and keratitis, as occurs in the genus Acanthamoeba and with Vermamoeba vermiformis. Due to the concerns of these FLA in anthropogenic aquatic environments, this work aimed to identify these microorganisms present in waters of Porto Alegre, Brazil. One litre sample was collected in two watercourses during the summer of 2022 and inoculated onto non-nutrient agar plates containing heat-inactivated Escherichia coli. Polymerase chain reaction results indicated the presence of FLA of the genera Acanthamoeba, Vermamoeba, and Naegleria in the study areas. Genetic sequencing indicated the presence of V. vermiformis and Naegleria gruberi. These aquatic and anthropogenic environments can serve as a means of spread and contamination by FLA, which gives valuable information on public health in the city.
Polishing wastewater effluent using plants: floating plants perform better than submerged plants in both nutrient removal and reduction of greenhouse gas emission
Authors: Hendriks Lisanne , Smolders Alfons J. P. , van den Brink Thom , Lamers Leon P. M. , Veraart Annelies J.
Published: June 2023

While research on aquatic plants used in treatment wetlands is abundant, little is known about the use of plants in hydroponic ecological wastewater treatment, and its simultaneous effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Here, we assess the effectiveness of floating and submerged plants in removing nutrients and preventing GHG emissions from wastewater effluent. We grew two species of floating plants, Azolla filiculoides and Lemna minor, and two species of submerged plants, Ceratophyllum demersum and Callitriche platycarpa, on a batch of domestic wastewater effluent without any solid substrate. In these systems, we monitored nitrogen and phosphorus removal and fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O, for 2 weeks. In general, floating plants produced the most biomass, whereas submerged plants were rapidly overgrown by filamentous algae. Floating plants removed nutrients most efficiently; both floating species removed 100% of the phosphate while Lemna also removed 90–100% of the inorganic nitrogen, as opposed to a removal of 41–64% in submerged plants with algae treatments. Moreover, aquaria covered by floating plants had roughly three times higher GHG uptake than the treatments with submerged plants or controls without plants. Thus, effluent polishing by floating plants can be a promising avenue for climate-smart wastewater polishing.
Investigation of factors affecting sodium alginate fouling mechanisms in a microfiltration process under non-constant-flux and non-constant-pressure conditions
Authors: Liu Ya-Juan
Published: June 2023

Variations in transmembrane pressure and permeate flux are closely related to membrane fouling. In this study, a laboratory-scale submerged microfiltration system was used to investigate the influence of sodium alginate (SA) concentration and peristaltic pump rotation speed on the fouling under the conditions of (1) the same driving force and non-aerated-PAC, (2) different driving forces and non-aerated-PAC, and (3) different driving forces and aerated-PAC. The results showed that the normalized transmembrane pressure (TMP') increased linearly with decreasing normalized permeate flux (J') during the early microfiltration stage regardless of the operating conditions, indicating that the SA microfiltration process controlled by the peristaltic pump was non-constant-flux and non-constant-pressure. The latter filtration stage was considered constant-pressure filtration when 200–1,200 mg/L of SA was filtrated at the same rotation speed. During filtration of 800 mg/L of SA under the non-aerated-PAC condition, the later filtration stage was considered constant-pressure filtration when the peristaltic pump rotated at slower speeds of 15 and 30 rpm. This approached constant-flux filtration when the peristaltic pump rotated at faster speeds of 60 and 90 rpm, and PAC-aeration scouring was an effective measure for mitigating membrane fouling by SA.
Ho Chi Minh's ideology on education
Authors: Ninh Nguyen Dinh
Published: June 2023

Education plays a particularly important role, not only contributing to the development of human personality but also a driving force for the development of society. Therefore, most countries in the world consider investment in education as an investment in the future and define educational development. Ho Chi Minh left the Vietnamese people an invaluable theoretical legacy on the fundamental issues of the Vietnamese revolution, including the ideology of religion expressed in his views on the role, purpose, content, and methods of education are very profound, so far still have the same theoretical and practical meaning.
A Dandelion in the Desert of the World The Love Chase in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison
Authors: Hamivka Andriana
Published: June 2023

The BluestEyegives a detailed account of the ways that Afro-American girls’ and women’s lives are distorted by internalized white standards of beauty. Implicit messages that whiteness is superior are everywhere, from the white baby doll given to Claudia, the idealization of white beauty in the movies, to Pauline Breedlove’s preference for the young white girl she works for over her daughter. Adult women who have learned to hate the blackness of their bodies cannot help turning that contempt on their kids:Mrs. Breedlove believes Pecola is ugly, and Geraldine, who has lighter skin, curses Pecola’s blackness. Pecola is, indeed,the character who suffers the most from white beauty standards. For her, being beautiful is the required condition for being loved.That is whyshe feels that having blue eyes will make the harshness in her life disappear and be replaced by healthy affection. This hopeless desire ultimatelyleads to madness, which suggests that white beauty may destroy black sanity.
Aprender con las taltuzas
Authors: Barboza Luis
Published: June 2023

En este ensayo experimento con un tipo no antropocéntrico de escritura –o, mejor dicho, más que humano– para contar una historia sobre las interacciones de personas y taltuzas en San Gerardo de Oreamuno, un territorio rural localizado en la zona norte de la provincia de Cartago, en Costa Rica. Este interés está motivado por la agenda emergente de los estudios multiespecie, y la posibilidad de utilizar ese registro para reflexionar sobre la ruralidad y el desarrollo, de cara a los desafíos socioambientales que plantea la crisis ecológica actual. En las consideraciones finales, planteo que los relacionamientos entre personas y taltuzas manifiestan una (co)existencia activa pero inestable. Las parcelas que los productores dedican al cultivo de hortalizas, principalmente coliflor y brócoli, son una zona de encuentro multiespecie; en donde animales humanos y no humanos, en conjunto con otros organismos silvestres, artefactos técnicos y demás elementos abióticos del ambiente, son parte de una enmarañada red de vitalidad, resistencia y muerte. Pensar-con las taltuzas es ser sensible a esos mundos infestados de vitalidad, en donde los relacionamientos son más ambiguos y complejos.
trânsito entre o humano e o inumano no conto “O crachá nos dentes” de Lygia Fagundes Telles
Authors: Costa ROSALY FERREIRA DA COSTA SANTOS , Silva Antônia Marly Moura da
Published: June 2023

Estudiosos da literatura apontam a transgressão da realidade como marca da literatura fantástica. Na representação do sobrenatural, a relação humano e inumano é tema prestigiado. Da tradição à modernidade, a dicotomia homem e bicho é revisitada na narrativa fantástica, na qual os processos de antropomorfização e zoomorfismo se convertem em metáforas que veiculam relações complexas entre essas espécies. Nesta perspectiva, faremos uma análise da representação do bicho no conto “O crachá nos dentes” (1995) de Lygia Fagundes Telles. Trata-se da história de um cão que deseja para si a realidade do mundo dos humanos. O duplo se instaura no plano diegético através da metamorfose do bicho em homem, fato que transgride a concepção de realidade, tal qual a concebemos. Assim, na abordagem pretendida, recorreremos aos conceitos de Mello (2008), Lamas (2002) e Bravo (1998) sobre o duplo. Quanto ao fantástico, são oportunos os postulados de Roas (2014), Ceserani (2006), e Garcia (2007). A respeito do animal, guiamo-nos por Silva (2001), Derrida (2002), Bachmann (2016) e Silva (2017).
The problems of increasing the thermoelectric figure of merit of polycrystalline misfit layered compounds on (Gd-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Dy-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-S)-=SUB=-z-=/SUB=-NbS-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- example
Authors: Bakovets V. V.  , Sotnikov A. V.
Published: June 2023

The lattice disorder of different architecture and dimensions influence on the thermoelectric properties (Seebeck coefficient S, resistivity rho, total thermal conductivity kappatot,, power factor S2/rho, figure of merit ZT) of the polycrystalline ternary sulfides MTS3 was studied. The high-temperature misfit layered compounds (MS)zNbS2 (MS is GdxDy1-xS solid solutions) were chosen as objects of the study. The variation of gadolinium concentration along the series x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 allowed one to alter the short-range and the long-range order of the crystal lattice and to study their effect on thermoelectric parameters of (GdxDy1-xS)zNbS2. At low concentration of x=0.1 the crystallite size increases, cause the deformation stresses decrease and, thereby, leads to an abnormal changes of S, rho, kappatot values and ZT decrease. An increase of the gadolinium concentration (x=0.2-0.5) alters the electronic structure and the interatomic bonding character of the incommensurate subsystems [GdxDy1-xS] and [NbS2]. In this case, S and rho values remains practically unaffected, while the thermal conductivity value decreases by 40% and ZT increases by 2 times. The nature of this phenomenon and the anisotropy of the thermoelectric properties were discussed. Keywords:: misfit layers compounds, thermoelectric properties, lattice disorder, solid solution, crystallite boundaries.
The Low FODMAP Diet for Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Overlapping Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms – a Case Series
Authors: Brown stephanie , Wall Catherine L , Frampton Chris , Gearry Richard B , Day Andrew
Published: June 2023

The low FODMAP diet (LFD) is a dietary intervention developed for and used particularly for the management of functional GI symptoms (FGIS) in adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It has also been proposed to improve coincident functional gut symptoms in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This report describes the outcomes of the LFD in a series of children with IBD with concurrent FGIS. This study included children aged between 7-14 years with quiescent IBD and overlapping FGIS. All participants received three dietetic consultations in line with best practice recommendations. The IBS Global Improvement Scale was used to assess symptom outcomes. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) and number (percentage) were calculated for continuous and categorical data. Seven (77.7%) of the nine children experienced GI symptom improvement after completing the LFD for four weeks. All seven children had recurrence of symptoms in response to challenge with fructans and three also experienced symptoms of lactose intolerance. The LFD may be considered as a dietary option to help alleviate overlapping FGIS in children with quiescent IBD when provided by a qualified paediatric gastroenterology dietitian. Further studies are now required to support these findings.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Public Perceptions of the Roles and Functions of Community Pharmacies in South Korea: Updated Cross-Sectional Self-Reported Web-Based Survey
Authors: Yang Dong-Wook , Son Kyung-Bok
Published: June 2023

Background

Community pharmacists confronted dual burdens in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by expanding the scope of pharmaceutical practices.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the perceived roles and functions of community pharmacies during the pandemic and to explore their updated roles after the pandemic began.

Methods

We conducted a self-reported web-based survey in October 2022. Based on Korean census data, we recruited the study participants (n=1000) through quota sampling stratified by age, sex, and region, yielding a 7.45% (1000/13,423) response rate. The questionnaires were composed of 3 sections: demographics, the roles and functions of community pharmacies during the pandemic, and the updated roles of community pharmacies during disasters. Each question in the second and third sections was rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and each item’s mean scores and SDs were reported. The study participants were categorized into 2 groups: individuals who had a family pharmacy and those who did not. A chi-square test and ordered logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results

Out of 1000 respondents, 418 (41.8%) had a history of COVID-19, and 639 (63.9%) had a family pharmacy. Assigning specific roles and functions to community pharmacies during the pandemic contributed to positive assessments. Respondents gave higher scores to community pharmacies that had responded appropriately (a mean Likert score of 3.66, SD .077 out of 5) and provided continuous pharmaceutical services (mean 3.67, SD 0.87) during the pandemic. The pandemic served as an opportunity to positively recognize the role of community pharmacies (mean 3.59, SD 0.83). In the ordered logistic model, having a family pharmacy was consistently associated with positive perceptions. Respondents perceived that community pharmacies collaborated with general practitioners and health authorities. However, community pharmacies need to function appropriately in terms of knowledge. The mean score of the 4 domains of community pharmacy functions was the highest for collaboration (mean 3.66, SD 0.83), followed by communication (mean 3.57, SD 0.87), responsiveness (mean 3.54, SD 0.87), and knowledge (mean 3.41, SD 0.91).

Conclusions

The pandemic resulted in interprofessional collaboration between community pharmacists and general practitioners. Family pharmacies could be a valuable asset to the comprehensive case management of patients. However, community pharmacists should have the expertise to build solid interprofessional collaborations and fulfill their expanded and updated roles.
A randomized control trial of a smartphone app for asthma self-care: assessment of outcomes and costs (Preprint)
Authors: Wang I-Jen , Wang C.Jason , Chang Ray-E
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Few studies have evaluated both the clinical and cost outcomes of smartphone self-care systems for people with asthma.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether a smartphone app based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines can improve asthma control and quality of life, and decrease asthma-related costs in children

METHODS

Patients with asthma between 3 and 18 years of age were randomized to an interactive smartphone app (n=70) group and control group (n=140). The trial was conducted from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021. The Asthma Control Test (ACT), Mini-Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ), Pediatric Asthma Caregiver Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ), Pediatric Asthma Severity Scores (PASS), and peak expiratory flow were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. The direct and indirect medical costs for 6 months before and after the trial were evaluated.

RESULTS

The intervention group had higher ACT and Mini-PAQLQ scores compared to the control group at 6 months (p=.006; .014). The difference-in-difference in the medical cost of emergency room visits was significant (p<.05). The mean cost per person in lost salary for the parents and transportation in the intervention group was lower compared to the control group (p<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Smartphone apps may provide a new tool for asthma management to improve asthma control, reduce patients’ asthma-related costs, and improve quality of life. Reduced asthma cost by smart apps utilization is part of the digital healthcare transformation of next-generation care pathways to realize more sustainable planetary health.

CLINICALTRIAL

Institutional Review Board Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare (TH-IRB-0016-0038)
eHealth Literacy and the Use of NHS 111 Online Urgent Care Service in England: Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Turnbull Joanne , Prichard Jane , MacLellan Jennifer , Pope Catherine
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Many health care systems have used digital technologies to support care delivery, a trend amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. “Digital first” may exacerbate health inequalities due to variations in eHealth literacy. The relationship between eHealth literacy and web-based urgent care service use is unknown.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to measure the association between eHealth literacy and the use of NHS (National Health Service) 111 online urgent care service.

METHODS

A cross-sectional sequential convenience sample survey was conducted with 2754 adults (October 2020-July 2021) from primary, urgent, or emergency care; third sector organizations; and the NHS 111 online website. The survey included the eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ), questions about use, preferences for using NHS 111 online, and sociodemographic characteristics.

RESULTS

Across almost all dimensions of the eHLQ, NHS 111 online users had higher mean digital literacy scores than nonusers (P<.001). Four eHLQ dimensions were significant predictors of use, and the most highly significant dimensions were eHLQ1 (using technology to process health information) and eHLQ3 (ability to actively engage with digital services), with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.86 (95% CI 1.46-2.38) and 1.51 (95% CI 1.22-1.88), respectively. Respondents reporting a long-term health condition had lower eHLQ scores. People younger than 25 years (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.87-5.62) and those with formal qualifications (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-0.99) were more likely to use NHS 111 online. Users and nonusers were likely to use NHS 111 online for a range of symptoms, including chest pain symptoms (n=1743, 70.4%) or for illness in children (n=1117, 79%). The users of NHS 111 online were more likely to have also used other health services, particularly the 111 telephone service (χ12=138.57; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

These differences in eHealth literacy scores amplify perennial concerns about digital exclusion and access to care for those impacted by intersecting forms of disadvantage, including long-term illness. Although many appear willing to use NHS 111 online for a range of health scenarios, indicating broad acceptability, not all are able or likely to do this. Despite a policy ambition for NHS 111 online to substitute for other services, it appears to be used alongside other urgent care services and thus may not reduce demand.
DECIPHERING AN ENIGMA: FIRST RECORD OF Erythrolamprus aenigma (SQUAMATA: DIPSADIDAE) IN COLOMBIA
Authors: Díaz Flórez Ronald Alessandro
Published: June 2023

The Savanna racer snake Erythrolamprus aenigma is found in northern Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela. Here I present the first records of this species in eastern Colombia, extending the known distribution more than 1000 km east of its nearest range.
¿La congregación entre pueblos?: un problema histórico entre Ocoyoacac, Tepexoyuca y Cuapanoaya, al oriente del valle de Toluca
Authors: Santiago Cortez Felipe
Published: June 2023

Este artículo analiza el proceso de congregación de tres lugares cuya historia a través de los siglos se entrelaza. Como hipótesis se plantea que la política de reducción de estos pueblos del valle de Toluca contrasta con el modelo planteado desde la corona, al no tratarse de sujetos que se movía a su cabecera ancestral, sino que más bien eran pueblos —altepeme— con sus tierras propias, gobernador y santo patrón. Los resultados de esta política muestran una serie de eventos ligados a la tenencia de la tierra, sobre todo a su defensa, efectos que hasta el día de hoy se notan en estas comunidades. Como ejemplo de esto expongo un problema entre los pueblos de Tepexoyuca y Acazulco, aún vigente, derivado de su congregación.
San Francisco Regis y El Paraíso: dos pueblos de visita de la misión de San Francisco de Borja
Authors: Guillén González-Novo Juan Manuel
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo pone de relieve la conjunción de los esfuerzos productivos de los pueblos de visita y otros lugares —esfuerzos que se sumaron a los llevados a cabo en las cabeceras de las misiones jesuitas californianas—, bajo la hipótesis de que la producción de recursos agropecuarios en estas últimas no sólo se realizaba en el entorno más cercano al templo misional. Llevadas a cabo las estimaciones de las áreas cultivables de dos lugares llamados San Francisco Regis y El Paraíso, cercanos a la misión de San Francisco de Borja, y posteriormente deducidas las producciones máximas correspondientes de acuerdo con las descripciones aportadas por los misioneros en sus crónicas, se concluye que, para poder alimentar a su población, la misión se apoyó en los recursos obtenidos en los dos parajes, por lo que consideramos que para poder apreciar con más rigor el potencial productivo de una misión es necesario el estudio de los lugares anexos a ella.
La reforma del clero regular en Indias, siglo XVI
Authors: Pérez Puente Leticia
Published: June 2023

Al estudiar las órdenes religiosas en América por lo general se suele prestar atención a la reforma iniciada en el siglo XV, la cual dividió internamente a los frailes en conventuales y observantes, para luego hablar de su expansión por el territorio y su posterior asentamiento en las ciudades. Esto sin considerar que esa expansión y transformación fueron, en importante medida, determinadas por los cambios promovidos por la política de Felipe II durante el último cuarto del siglo XVI. Así, el objetivo de este texto es dar un significado y contenido más puntual a la reforma del clero regular llevada a cabo en ese entonces. Con ese fin se analizan las normas del libro “De la gobernación espiritual”, el primero del llamado Código ovandino, donde se delineó el proyecto de Felipe II para la Iglesia indiana.
Study on Utilization of Biopolymer in Liner
Authors: Malanithiyasri R. N. R. , Thenmozhi Dr. R.
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Biogeotechnology is a branch of Geotechnical Engineering that deals with the application of biotransformation, biogrouting and mineral precipitation (MICP) to geotechnical engineering problems. Soil capping is a technology to curb the interaction between a waste body and the ground surface. A final cover system in landfill capping play a major role in intercepting rainwater infiltration and percolation of surface water into the subsurface waste dumped area. In order to minimize the water infiltration through different barrier layers such as single liner system, single composite liner system and double liner system in cover system are recommended. A single composite liner system comprises of two barrier (made up of different material), placed over one another to provide beneficial effect whereas the single and double liner system consists of same material to attain the effect. The present study deals with the action of sea weed in the form of powder (produced by the cell wall) in the layer of soil capping which intercept the rainwater intrusion in liner. The results obtained from the hydraulic conductivity of different treated soils indicate that the effect of single liner system is equivalent to single composite liner system. It has been observed that the addition of sea weed powder causes dissociation of hydroxyl groups attached to silicon in silica sheets with increase in optimum water content. Thus the addition of sea weed powder decreases the infiltration rate by clogging the soil layers.
Experimental Analysis of Light Weight Thermal Resistant Concrete
Authors: Shrivastava Abhishek , Gautum Dr. Ravindra , Singh Prof. Alka , Sen Prof. Neha
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Growth in civil construction has increased the consumption of raw materials by the construction sector, resulting in chronic shortage of building materials and the associated environmental damage. In the last decade, construction industry has been conducting various researches on the utilization of easily available raw materials and use of plastic waste with concrete in construction since plastic waste is a waste which takes millions of years to decompose while its generation is increasing day by day. In this experimental research, light weight thermal resistant concrete block is developed using polyurethane plastic waste in concrete as it is one of the materials which can scope up with the shortage of building raw materials and can produce a light weight, thermal resistant, energy efficient and environmentally friendly concrete block. This study deals with the introduction to the polyurethane in concrete block and its experimental advantages compared to the normal concrete block
Effect of Environmental Attitudes and Tourism Experience on Environmental Awareness and Environmental Conservation Awareness: Focusing on Pre-Service Early Childhood Teachers
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Han Jin Wook , Kim Jinok Susanna , Jo Hyeyoung
Published: June 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of tourism experience in the process of pre-service early childhood teachers’ environmental attitudes influencing on environmental awareness and environmental conservation awareness.
Methods The subjects of the study are 205 students in the Department of Early Childhood Education at A University located in Gyeonggi-do and B University located in Chungcheong-do. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and structural relationship between the research variables were analyzed and presented using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0. To find out direct and indirect effects and total effects with structural equation and the mediating effect in both-sided verification of 95% confidence intervals was investigated by the bootstrap estimation method.
Results The main findings are as follows. First, environmental awareness and environmental conservation awareness showed a statistically positive correlation with environmental attitudes and the sub-areas, environmental ethics, local residents' consideration, nature conservation, and harmony with local natural culture, while but there was no statistically significant correlation with animal and plant affinity. There was a statistically positive correlation between environmental awareness and environmental conservation awareness. Second, it was found that environmental attitudes do not directly affect environmental awareness, but indirectly affect. It also directly and indirectly affects environmental conservation awareness, and directly affect tourism experiences. Tourism experiences were found to directly affect environmental awareness and environmental conservation awareness. Third, As a result of verifying the mediating effect, it was found that tourism experiences completely mediated in the process of environmental attitude affecting environmental awareness, and partially mediated in the process of environmental attitude affecting environmental conservation awareness.
Conclusions The results of this study reaffirmed that tourism experience is an important factor that helps improve environmental awareness. Thus, I explored and suggested a way to raise pre-service early childhood teachers’ awareness of environment through meaningful experiences.
Perception of health programme students on the use of an augmented reality tool in anatomical practices
Authors: Torres Luis Alejandro , Corchuelo Cesar , Vélez Raquel Amalia , Flórez Juan Fernando
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Augmented reality in the medical field has continuously grown, supporting theoretical and practical components. This technology presents a safe environment for experimentation for health science students. Objective. This research analyses theacceptance of health science students with the augmented reality tool HOLOMARKERS. It allows the user to place virtual pins on human biological material to achieve labelling of tissues, muscles, and organs, avoiding direct contact with the sample. Methodology. A technology acceptance model analyses the influence of HOLOMARKERS on student acceptance. Each core of the model has four Likert-scale questions. The sample size surveyed is 17 health science students. Four cores structure a technology acceptance model: theoretical background, acceptance of use, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of use; analyses of the acceptance of HOLOMARKERS by students. Results. Perceived usefulness of the tool and the students’ previous theoretical background influence the acceptance of tool. Conclusion. The students surveyed highlighted the usefulness of HOLOMARKERS for developing practices in the macroscopic anatomy laboratory with human biological material.
Efecto de las bebidas pigmentantes sobre materiales restaurativos directos del sector posterior
Authors: Morales-Lastre Cristian Camilo , Castillo-Pedraza Midian Clara , Wilches-Visbal Jorge Homero
Published: June 2023

Un material restaurativo ideal sería capaz de adherirse al tejido dentario remaneciente y reproducir características naturales del diente como translucidez, color y dureza. El mercado odontológico ofrece materiales restaurativos como las Resinas compuestas, las Bulk Fill, Ionómero de vidrio y Cention-N. Estos brindan varias ventajas en el campo estético, sin embargo, sigue siendo un desafío evitar los efectos decolorantes que pueden causar ciertas bebidas pigmentantes de uso común. Por tanto, la finalidad de esta revisión fue describir los efectos producidos por bebidas pigmentantes como té, café y coca cola, sobre la estabilidad del color de algunos materiales restaurativos para el sector posterior, a fin de determinar cuál de ellos es la mejor opción estética para rehabilitar ese sector. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica, supeditada a los últimos 5 años (2017 – 2021), en basesde datos como Pubmed, ResearchGate, Web of science, ScienceDirect, Scielo, EBSCO, Semantic Scholar y Medigraphyc, utilizando como descriptores las palabras Cention-N, alkasite, resina compuesta, ionómero de vidrio, resina bulk-fill, estabilidad de color, propiedades físicas, bebidas, café, té, coca cola, combinadas con operadores booleanos AND y OR. Se obtuvo un total de 133 artículos publicados, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 17 por ofrecer información pertinente para el propósito de esta revisión. Los resultados mostraron que los cambios en la estabilidad de color, independientemente del material restaurativo, aparecen después de 7 días de inmersión. De acuerdo con la literatura revisada, se concluye que el té es la solución más pigmentante, seguida del café y la coca cola, al compararlos en varios días de inmersión. Por otra parte, el Cention N es el material con el mayor potencial de decoloración.
Validación de método cromatográfico por HPLC de la valoración e identificación del (1-(1β, 16α)-21-(acetiloxi)-11- hidroxi-2´-metil-5´H-pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazol-3,20- diona) en Deflazacort materia prima
Authors: Parga Maya Alejandra , Afanasjeva Natalia
Published: June 2023

Introducción. Deflazacort es un glucocorticoide ozaxolínico sintético derivado de la prednisolona, posee propiedades antiinflamatorias y actúa como inmunosupresor, es la materia prima utilizada como principio activo de productos comercializados en formas farmacéuticas como comprimidos y suspensiones orales. Objetivo. Validar la metodología analítica por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia, para la identificación y valoración del (1-(1β,16α)-21-(acetiloxi)-11-hydroxi-2´-metill-5´H-pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d] oxazol-3,20-diona) en Deflazacort materia prima en condiciones del clima tropical. Metodología. Utilizando como fase móvil una mezcla isocrática de metanol y agua en proporción de 80:20 con flujo de 1,1mL/min, la columna empleada fue Luna® de 5μm C8 100Ǻ 250 x 4,6mm, detector de matriz de diodos a una longitud de onda de 245nm. Resultados. Para la linealidad se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación R ≥ 0,999, el coeficiente de variación no superó el RSD del 2,0% en la repetibilidad del sistema y en  recisión intermedia entre analistas se identificó un valor de RSD < 3,0%, en exactitud se encontró un porcentaje de recuperación de 98,9%. Conclusiones. El método es lineal, preciso, exacto, robusto para un flujo de 1,21mL/min y no para un flujo de 0,99mL/min ya que no cumple el parámetro de tiempo de retención. En las pruebas de desempeño el Deflazacort mostró una baja estabilidad cuando fue expuesto a degradación por hidrólisis básica con soluciones de hidróxido de sodio 1,0 N y 0,1 N. La muestra y el estándar en solución mostraron ser estables a temperatura ambiente por dos horas y refrigerados por tres horas.