bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HİSAR ŞAİRLERİNDEN NEVZAT YALÇIN ŞİİRİNDE ÖN PLANA ÇIKAN UNSURLAR
Authors: KARAKUŞ Ahmet
Published: August 2022

Yeni Türk şiiri sahasında birçok edebiyat topluluğunun yer aldığı bilinmektedir. Bunlardan biri de Hisar adlı dergi etrafında toplanan ve daha çok Mehmet Çınarlı ile anılan edebiyat topluluğudur. Bu topluluğun içinde yer alan şairlerden biri de Nevzat Yalçın’dır. Kıbrıslı bir şair olan Nevzat Yalçın Ankara’da Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı bölümünde eğitim görmüş ve A’ Sokağı ile Güneş ve Adam adlı şiir kitapları bulunan bir Hisar şairidir. Bu Hisar şairinin şiirlerinin toplu okunması yapıldığında bazı ögelerin ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu ögeler ise bu çalışmada “Bazı Renklerin Ön Palana Çıkarılması”, “Yabancı Yerler ve Sevgiliye Hasret”, “Gelenek”, “Siyaset ve Eleştiri”, “Batıyı Kötüleme”, “Mitoloji”, “Halk Arasındaki Bazı Sözce Kullanımı”, “Dilbilgisi Hataları”, “El Uzvunun Belirginliği” şeklinde dokuz başlıkta incelenmiştir. Nevzat Yalçın şiirine bakıldığı zaman birçok konuda şairin şiirler yazdığı görülmektedir. Bu şiirlerin tahlilinin yapılabilmesi için ise okuyucuda belli bir bilgi birikiminin ve döneminin medyasından haberdar olması gerekmektedir. Şairin şiirinde özellikle mavi ve sarı belirgin renkler olup, yurtdışındaki sevgiliye özlem de dikkat çekmektedir. Geleneğin birçok şair tarafından eleştirildiği bir zamanda eskiyi yansıtan şiirlerinin olduğu da görülmektedir. Ayrıca şairin Türk siyasilerden bazılarına ve Batı’ya karşı eleştirel bir tavırla bazı şiirleri kaleme aldığı yer almaktadır. Şairin şiirinin bir başka teması ise mitolojidir. Nevzat Yalçın’ın halk arasında kullanılan ifadeleri de yadsımadığı bir başka husustur. Yalçın şiirinde belirgin bir unsur da dilbilgisel unsurlardır. El uzvunun işlenmesi ise şairin şiirlerinde dikkat çekmektedir.
MİLLİ MÜCADELE STRATEJİSİ, UYGULANMASI VE SONUÇLARI
Authors: ÜNAL Levent
Published: August 2022

Belirlenmiş stratejik bir hedefin, mevcut kuvvetlerin (güç unsurlarının) en uygun yöntem ve harekete tarzları uygulanarak ele geçirilmesi anlamına gelen stratejinin, ulusal düzeyde en mükemmel uygulama örneklerinden biri şüphesiz Milli Mücadele’dir. Milli Mücadele’nin önderi Mustafa Kemal, o dönem içinde bulunulan her türlü olumsuz koşullar içerisinde bir imkânsızı gerçekleştirerek önce Milli Mücadeleyi başarıyla sonuçlandırmıştır. Milli Mücadele stratejisini önceden belirleyen Mustafa Kemal, uygulamayı Samsun’dan başlayarak safha safha gerçekleştirmeye başladı. Dolayısıyla sonraki tüm süreçte olaylar tesadüflere bağlı olarak değil, büyük oranda Mustafa Kemal’in öngördüğü şekilde gelişti. Milli mücadele stratejisini başarılı kılan en önemli etken de bu proaktif yaklaşım oldu. Müfettişlik yetkilerini genişlettirmesi, Amasya Tamimi ile milli direnişin ilkelerini ortaya koyması, Erzurum ve Sivas Kongreleri ile ulusal bütünlüğü büyük oranda sağlaması, TBMM’ni açarak Milli Mücadeleyi tam bir hukuki meşruiyet zeminine oturtması, topyekûn harp stratejisini uygulamaya sokarak (Tekâlifi Milliye emirleri ile) milleti bir bütün olarak mücadeleye katması, saltanat kaldırılıncaya kadar Padişahı doğrudan hedef almaktan kaçınarak fikir ayrılıklarının önüne geçmesi vb. pek çok tutum ve girişimi Mustafa Kemal’in proaktif yaklaşımının dönüm noktalarını oluşturmuştur. Milli Mücadeleyi eşsiz kılan etkenlerden biri, Türk milleti en karanlık dönemini yaşarken görkemli bir zafere ulaşmasındandır. Ülkenin pek çok yeri işgal altında, Saltanat ve İstanbul Hükümeti İtilaf güçlerine tam bir teslimiyet içinde, aydınların çareyi Amerikan, İngiliz himayesinde aradığı, bir kısım halkın ancak yaşadığı bölgeyle sınırlı direnç göstermeye çalıştığı ve milletin çaresizlikle başına gelecekleri beklediği bir ortamda Mustafa Kemal büyük bir hedef ortaya koyarak işe başlamıştır. O hedef “Milli egemenliğe dayanan tam bağımsız yeni bir Türk devleti kurmak” olmuştur. Hedef büyüktür ancak hedefe yöneltilecek mevcut kuvvetler yetersizdir. Yıllar süren savaşlar, ağır yenilgiler milleti yorgun ve bitkin düşürmüş, ordu büyük oranda terhis edilmiş, edilmekte. Silah ve cephane tükenmiş, kalanlar toplanmış, halen de toplanmakta. Mahalli küçük direniş hareketleri dışında kimse de ulusal düzeyde karşı koyma düşüncesi hâkim değil, saltanat ve halifelik yanlıları Milli Mücadeleye karşı. Dolayısıyla ne mevcut kuvvetler belirlenen hedefle uyumlu, ne de koşullar herhangi bir hareket tarzını uygulamaya elverişli. Buna rağmen zafere ulaşılması Mustafa Kemal’in strateji dehasının bir ürünüdür.
Entrapment of a long dwelling nasogastric tube after radiotherapy in an oral cancer patient: a rare case report
Authors: Jindal Rohit , Sahni Manish , Patel Pinakin , Singh Suresh , Hussain Akhlak , Gulati Chanchal , Garg Loveleen
Published: August 2022

The use of a nasogastric (NG) tube forms a part of the daily routine after surgery for oral cancer, and is vital for enteral feeding of the patient. However, the use of NG tubes is not without complications, which include tube obstruction, tube breakage, tube double backing, and kinking. NG entrapment, which is seen in bariatric and other gastrointestinal surgeries when the tube is caught in the staple line, is rarely seen in postoperative patients with oral cancer due to the long dwelling of the tube and the adjuvant radiotherapy. A 55-year-old man presented after 3 months of surgery for oral cancer and having completed adjuvant radiotherapy with a blocked and stuck nasogastric tube. After the endoscopic removal of the tube failed twice, the NG tube was removed by performing a gastrostomy via the midline mini laparotomy approach. Frequent monitoring, changing of NG tube and continual re-review of indications for continued use of feeding tubes is prudent, including consideration of changing goals of care. Educating the patient and his relatives/care takers at the time of the discharge with the instructions of care will surely help to prevent such a complication.
Perceptions and experiences of people living with non-communicable diseases during covid pandemic-a cross sectional study
Authors: Joshi Krishna Prakash , Bindu M. Hima , Jamadar Deepak , Reddy M. Nikhila , Reddy S. Chaitanyavardhan
Published: August 2022

Background: COVID pandemic has been more challenging to people living with non-communicable diseases, (NCD) regarding availability of medicines, physician consultation etc. In the absence of effective public interventions, socioeconomically vulnerable groups are likely to develop complications. Diseases like cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory disease, cancers and diabetes, contribute to about 82% of all NCD deaths in India. Present study was conducted with aim to identify the challenges faced and perceptions in the management of NCDs during COVID pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between March to June 2022 by the department of community medicine, SVS medical college, Mahabubnagar. A pre-tested questionnaire was used on was used to collect data, which included demographic details of individuals and the information regarding their experiences and perceptions in the management of NCDs during the pandemic. The calculations were performed with SPSS program, version 23.Results: In the present study it was found that about 37.5% had decrease in the physical activity, 43.8% changed their dietary habits, 45.2% population has gained weight and 41.4% had increase in stress, anxiety and sleeping disorder during the pandemic.Conclusions: In the present study it was found that majority had change in the lifestyle behaviors, Challenges faced included non-availability of bed in the hospital and non-availability of medication. Half of the participants received guidance from the healthcare professionals.
Professional quality of life of health care providers in Bishnupur district, Manipur: a cross sectional study
Authors: Gupta Avantika , Akoijam Pooja , Mukherjee Abhishek , Akoijam Brogen Singh
Published: August 2022

Background: ProQOL is the quality of life related to professional attributes. It has a direct impact not only on mental wellness of the healthcare worker but can affect day to day decision making required in his services. Objectives of current study was to determine ProQOL of health care providers and to assess the association between ProQOL and demographic variables of interest.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 153 health care providers of Bishnupur district, Manipur selected by random sampling during August-September, 2021 using ProQOL-5 questionnaire. Univariate analysis was done, followed by Chi-square test and Pearson Correlation for assessing association.Results: Mean age was 37.54±9.1 years and 64.1% were females. 46.4% were from District Hospital, 27.5% from CHC and 26.1% from PHC. 32.7% were nurses followed by physicians (25.5%). Mean values for compassion satisfaction (CS), secondary traumatic stress (STS), burnout (BO) was 36.84±5.2, 23.2±4.5 and 23.3±5.6 respectively. Majority had moderate CS (79.1%), BO (54.9%) and STS (52.3%). BO and STS were positively correlated (r=0.552, p=0.000). 63.6% working both day and night shifts had more BO (p=0.05). Those working for ≥8 hrs more often felt trapped as their job as a helper (p=0.031).Conclusions: Majority had moderate CS, STS and BO level. Stress management and coping skills training can be considered as a measure to decrease significant BO, STS and increase CS.
A study on suicidal tendency and co-morbidities among the patients attending the psychiatric outpatient department, tertiary care hospital, Nellore, SPSR Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Iga Lakshminarayana Reddy , Bellamkonda Gopi Krishna , Gottumukkala Ravi Prabhu
Published: August 2022

Background: Suicide is one of the ten major causes of death in India. Intentional self-harm is also associated with long term risk for repeated attempts as well as death by suicide. Individuals differ in the degree to which risk and protective factors affect their propensity for engaging in suicidal behaviors. The present study seeks to explore about suicidal intent among the self-harm attempters.Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study and includes both male and female patients attending the psychiatric outpatient department. After obtaining the informed consent and socio-demographic information, they were evaluated with semi-structured proforma.Results: Descriptive analysis of the cases shows that 56 (46.6%) of age group between 31-40 years are commonly affected. Among the study subjects 79 (65.8%) attempters had no psychiatric illness for attempt and 41 (34.2%) subjects with past psychiatric illness, OP poisoning being the common method in 40 (33.3%) of attempters. In this study 80 (66.6%) of people did not have co-morbid conditions, drug dependency (alcohol dependence) was 20 (16.6%) and others are 20 (16.6%).Conclusions: The suicidal attempts are more in females than males and it is also common in nuclear families, rural areas and individuals with past psychological problems. In this study suicidal attempts were more common among the people not suffering any other co morbid condition.
Knowledge, awareness and practice of oral health care among diabetes mellitus patients in Chennai population
Authors: Shreenivas Sundar , Sudhakar Sankaran , M. Khwairakpam Melody , Rajkumar Couppoussamy , D. Akshaya Keerthikha
Published: August 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease with an increasing prevalence, affecting general and oral health, with plethora of oral manifestations. There is a threefold increase in the predominance and severity of periodontitis in patients with diabetes, especially in those with poor metabolic control. Hence, this study aimed to explore the knowledge and awareness of oral health care among diabetic mellitus patients in Chennai population. The objective was to assess their attitudes and practices towards sustaining good oral health through proper oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups.Methods: A questionnaire-based study was conducted to determine the knowledge and awareness of oral health care among DM patients in Chennai at Health care centers from January to June 2022. The sample size included questionnaires from 500 patients. The questionnaire was prepared, first in English, and then, it was translated into local language i.e., Tamil to collect the data.Results: The chi-square test was used to see the significance of participant’s awareness of oral complications associated with diabetes. There was a strong statistical significance relationship with respect to oral health knowledge among different age groups (p<0.05).Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus may be regarded as one of the most dreaded and silent epidemic health problem in the immediate future, especially in the developing countries. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to know about the increased risk of oral diseases in diabetes mellitus.
Tobacco control policies in India: a review
Authors: Muchhal Mohnish
Published: August 2022

With up to half of those who use tobacco as intended dying from it, tobacco is also the main product that legitimate consumers buy that harms each consumer. Because of insufficient public awareness of the risks, aggressive advertising, and a lack of effective public policies to combat it, tobacco use is widespread. It has been estimated that tobacco use during the 20th century contributed to about 100 million deaths overall. The global adult tobacco survey (GATS) India (2010) estimates that there are 275 million adult tobacco users in India (216 million in the country and 59 million in the metro area). In 2004, India was one of the first few countries to ratify the WHO framework convention on tobacco control. The general public's and local communities' support for tobacco control has worked in concert with government-sponsored tobacco control policies. Combating the world-ending effects of tobacco requires the successful implementation of planned procedures. Therefore, the push of tobacco regulations is on the small legal cigarette market, which puts a lot of use pressure on the illegal cigarette alternative, which is resistant with hints the Nation.
Twin-City Relations between Czechoslovak and Lower Volga Cities in the Second Half of the 20th Century and Their Reflection in Urban Toponymy
Authors: Sheshnev Aleksandr
Published: August 2022

In post-war Soviet history, an important place was occupied by scientific, technical, socio-cultural and educational practices of interaction between the cities of the Soviet Union and of the Eastern bloc. The special nature of relations was often reinforced by the status of twin cities. This practice has contributed to the strengthening of interaction between officials, residents and various associations at the local and regional levels. The Lower Volga cities such as the Saratov, Balakovo (Saratov region) and Kamyshin (Volgograd region), have developed special stable ties with Czechoslovak cities. During the implementation of such a major energy project of the countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance as the construction of the «Soyuz» gas pipeline, the works in the Lower Volga region was carried out by specialists from Czechoslovakia. A number of industrial and social objects in Kamyshin were built directly with the participation of Czechoslovak scientific and technical specialists. In the urban space, the special nature of relations is reflected in the architectural and cultural heritage; it can be traced in urban toponymy to the present day. After the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia and the collapse of the socialist bloc, ties were severed. Only between the Slovak Trnava and the Russian Balakovo is symbolic on May 9, 2013 signed an agreement on the resumption of cooperation, providing for interaction in the fields of culture, education, sports, tourism, trade and other socio-economic issues.
Soviet Medicine in the Cold War: the Experience of International Cooperation and Geopolitical Influence (Second Half of the 1940s — 1970s)
Authors: Pivovarov Nikita
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the transformation of Soviet medical science and practice under the conditions of the development of international relations after World War II. The main attention was placed on the study of scientific and social medical projects, which were implemented by the USSR during the Cold War under the influence of foreign policy trends and priorities. The analysis of foreign, Soviet and Russian historiography shows that researchers have made serious progress in the study of medicine in the sphere of international relations. At the same time, the Soviet medical global project has not been sufficiently examined, which is due both to the source base and to the lack of a sociopolitical context in these works. The main documents for this article are recently declassified materials held in the fonds of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, and the Russian State Archive of Economics. The authors analyze the development of Soviet medical projects during the period of “late” Stalinism, in the 1950s and 1960s, and in the 1970s. The authors conclude that the Soviet global medical project constantly sought to expand. Thus, the first postwar years provided the foundations for the sustainability of the Soviet project within the socialist bloc, in the 1960s it would begin to spread to the Third World, and in the 1970s it would compete in the leading countries of the world. An important component of the Soviet medical project was the fight against epidemic and infectious diseases in post-colonial countries, the prevention of socially significant diseases and non-communicable diseases, as well as intensive scientific-medical and medical-technical exchanges through bilateral and multilateral partnerships. The Soviet medical project made possible not only competition between the two superpowers, but also cooperation in such important areas as the fight against smallpox or cooperation in shaping the international public dialogue on denuclearization. In general, the authors believe that an analysis of Soviet medicine during the Cold War allows us to show its role in the Soviet geopolitical construct, thus evaluating its ideological and applied components.
About the Academy of Sciences’ Translators of the 18th Century (Based on the Documents of SPbB ARAS)
Authors: Annenkova Elena
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the original documents on the activities of the Academy of Sciences’ translators of the 18th century, stored in the St. Petersburg Branch of the RAS Archive (SPbB ARAS. F. 3. Op. 11). The materials include translators’ reports and letters on their work as well as various related documentation on recruitment and dismissal, job assignment, wages, rewards, illness and disability periods, etc. The tasks of the Academy’s translators covered the translation of current record keeping, as well as scientific and literary works; beyond that, a large layer of work was associated with translating articles for “Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti” and “Primechaniya” periodicals. In 1743 at the Academy of Sciences there was formed a so-called “Translation Expedition”, a structure having a major task to translate and release the above-mentioned periodicals. Ivan I. (Johann Caspar) Taubert was entrusted to control the work of the “Translation Expedition”. The article examines documents on the activities of Academy’s translators Ivan Akimov, Nikolay Bukhvostov, Ivan Golubtsov, Vasily Lebedev, Karl Friedrich Moderach, Nikolay Shikhmatov, Gustav Freygang, Vasily Teplov, Ivan Staffenhagen, Alexey Polenov, Samson Volkov, Semen Bashilov, Gur Ivanov, Ivan Ungebauer, Ippolit Bogdanovich, as well as the Chinese language translators Larion Rossokhin and Alexey Leontiev. The article also mentions the translation of a contract for the sale of a card factory, made in 1775 by Ivan Staffenhagen. In 1790 there was established a “Translation Division”, aiming at translating various useful books from foreign languages into Russian. The article examines the report of 1795 on the course of the “Buffon's Natural History” translation, undertaken by the “Translation Division” members, academicians S. K. Kotelnikov, S. Ya. Rumovskiy, A. P. Protasov among others. The examined documents on the activities of the Academy of Sciences’ translators of the 18th century demonstrate a variety of translation tasks, which, depending on specialists’ competence and experience, included translations of various levels and directions: materials for periodicals, current record keeping, as well as scientific and literary books.
Mongolian Texts, Passed into the Collection of the Academy of Sciences in the First Half of the 18th Century
Authors: Sizova Alla
Published: August 2022

The history of the Mongolian collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been already documented and studied in sufficient detail. However, the circumstances of the appearance of the first Mongolian books in the Library of the Academy of Sciences in the first half of the 18th century and their contents has not yet been duly researched. The paper contains an overview of information about the possible sources of Mongolian texts during this period, and provides a detailed description of six Mongolian and Oirat manuscripts with the seal of the Library of the Academy of Sciences, which have not been studied so far and have not been included in the history of the formation of the Mongolian collection of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts.
Evaluation of Exclusive Breastfeeding Patterns for 6-month-old Infants of Fars Province
Authors: Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Zahmatkesh Soraya , Abbasi Azam , Zare Parvin , Kashfi nezhad Mohammad Sadegh , Mokhtari Ali Mohammad
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Breastfeeding during the early months of life has benefits for both mother and baby and it is recommended that children should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of their life. This study was conducted to determine the exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life and some associated factors in Fars Province.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1681 children aged 6 to 9 months. Data were collected through a questionnaire that included demographic questions and questions about breastfeeding and some predictive variables. The information was collected by interviewing the mothers in their homes. Data were analyzed via SPSS software version 16 and evaluated by descriptive and analytical tests (Chi-square test).
Results: About 57% of infants were exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months of life. The main reason for the non-breastfeeding was the lack of enough breast milk. The variables such as residence, mother's occupation, father's education, type of delivery and place of delivery had a significant effect on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: The exclusive breastfeeding rate in Fars Province was better than some regions of Iran and even the world and the goal of the World Health Organization for 2025 has been achieved. The main reason for the non-breastfeeding was the lack of enough breast milk, which seems to be necessary to carry out inquiries and provide useful solutions to this problem.
Corona Virus Prevention and the Role of Marketing Mix in it
Authors: Zarei Ghasem , Dehghani Ghahnavieh Adeleh
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Considering the widespread and irreversible effects that Corona has had on health, economy and society, it is the duty of marketers to prevent Coronavirus through effective marketing and promote preventive behaviors. The purpose of this study was to present a model of effective marketing mix on Coronavirus prevention.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive-survey and cross-sectional. The population of this study was social media users. The sample size was 177 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. In this study, content validity and construct validity were evaluated and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients and combined reliability. Structural equation modeling and SPSS16 and Smart Pls2.0 software were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results show that advertising (t=2/731 and path coefficient 0/236), product (t=4/458 and path coefficient 0/473) and distribution (t=3/050 and path coefficient 0/320) on change Behavior has a positive and significant effect, and advertising has a positive and significant effect on Coronavirus awareness (t=6/658 and path coefficient 0/674) and Coronavirus awareness of behavior change (t=2/522 and path coefficient 0/215), as well as behavior change It also has a positive and significant effect on preventive behaviors (t=5/104 and path coefficient 0/716). But the effect of price on behavior change (t=1/664 and path coefficient -0/196) was not confirmed.
Conclusion: Social media and marketing mix is ​​an effective factor in changing preventive behaviors and behaviors in Corona that needs to be considered by health officials and officials to use preventive behaviors with appropriate use of social media and marketing mix.
Isolation and Evaluation of Collagen from the Fish (Thunnus Tonggol) Skin: A Biological Material for Medical Tissue Engineering
Authors: Samiei Mohammad Hadi , Jamili Shahla , Nikukar Habib , Razban Vahid
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Collagen bears many applications in pharmacy and medicine, health and cosmetic products as well as food industry. In recent years, much attention has been paid to separation of collagen from marine organisms arising from the fact that its use in the diet is not restricted and triggers no risk of contagious diseases as well as religious restrictions. Moreover, fish collagen is unique in terms of its extremely high solubility in dilute acid on a scale with mammalian and chicken collagen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the isolation and evaluation of collagen from fish skin (Thunnus tonggol) as a biological material for medical tissue engineering.
Methods: Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) was isolated from fish skin using acetic acid. The Thunnus tonggol skin collagen was extracted by acid and base methods and evaluated by PAGE-SDS, FTIR and UV spectrophotography and amino acid composition analysis.
Results: The results, predicated on SDS-PAGE and amino acid compositions, demonstrated that the fish skin collagen is of type I. Fourier transform infrared analysis also revealed helical compositions of both collagens. UV spectrophotometry in the Thunnus tonggol skin collagen indicated a maximum absorption of 235 nm. The amount of collagen extracted from the Thunnus tonggol skin turned out to be 17.3%. Through analysis of collagen amino acid extracted from the mentioned fish, glycine was predominant. The growth and proliferation of human fibroblast cells on the collagen extracted from the Thunnus tonggol skin was more than control.
Conclusion: The results revealed that the fish collagen is an accessible and advantageous material for medical usage and tissue engineering.
Study of Growth Process of Infants in Healthy and Gestational Diabetes Mothers in Rafsanjan City in 2017
Authors: Jalali Fatemeh , Kamiab Zahra , Pourghazi Shayan , Bazmandegan Gholamreza
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GDM) can affect neonatal developmental indicators. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the growth process of infants less than 2 years of age with GDM and healthy mothers in Rafsanjan City.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 208 neonates under 2 years of age from healthy mothers (104 neonates) and GDM mothers (104 neonates) in Rafsanjan City in 2017. Weight, height and head circumference were measured at birth, 6, 12 and 18 months. Fasting serum glucose above 126 mg/dl after 8 hours of fasting was considered as GDM. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software and independent t-test, Chi-square and repeated measures analysis. Significant level was considered 0.05.
Results: The mean age of GDM mothers was 31.8±5.3 and healthy mothers were 29.2±5.5 years. Cesarean delivery was reported in 73.1% of mothers with GDM and in 57.7% of healthy mothers (P = 0.020). Changes in weight, height and head circumference in the two groups at birth, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months after birth had an increasing process that was higher in infants of mothers with GDM (P <0.001).
Conclusion: The process of weight, height and head circumference changes in infants born to mothers with GDM was higher.
Evaluation of Prosthetic Procedural Skills in Senior Dental Students Using the Self-Assessment Method
Authors: Hatami Mahnaz , Mahdavi Faride , Najafi Farnoosh
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Student self-assessment is one of the methods of assessing procedural skills that complements existing assessments in dentistry. This study was designed to evaluate prosthetic procedural skills in senior dental students using the self-assessment method.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the level of practical skills of 127 senior dental students of Yazd, Esfahan and Kashan faculties were selected and their procedural skills were assessed by a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha test (r=0.8).To analyze the data, SPSS 16 statistical software and t-test, Chi-square, ANOVA and non-parametric statistical tests were used at the significance level of 0.05.
Results: Dental students with a mean age of (25.15 ±1.74) were included in this study. The mean of procedural skills score was 115.51 ±11.78 out of 175, which was at an average level. Procedural skills score was not significantly associated with age, gender, marriage, entrance exam rank, university, the level of anxiety during prosthetic application (P>0.05), but the mean score of procedural skills in complete and partial prosthesis was significantly higher in people who interested in prosthesis (P˂ 0.05).
Conclusion: Due to the limitations of the present study, the procedural skills levels in dental prosthesis of senior dental students of Yazd, Esfahan and Kashan faculties was evaluated at an average level. Revision of curriculum- based teaching methods in clinical departments and implementation of new methods for evaluating procedural skills such as DOPS test can be effective in improving the level of clinical skills of learners.
Rural healthcare of Russia. Status, problems, prospects
Authors: Chernyshev V. M. , Voevoda M. I. , Strelchenko O. V. , Mingazov I. F.
Published: August 2022

The transformations of domestic healthcare carried out in the last three decades have not led to the planned results, and in some areas the consequences have turned out to be negative. Rural healthcare suffered the most significantly. The aim of the study was based on the analysis of the situation in the rural health care of the country to propose measures to improve it. Material and methods. The statistical data of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Rosstat, Central Research Institute of Organization and Informatization of Healthcare, as well as data on the Siberian Federal District for the period from 1990 to 2020 were used. Scientific publications on the problem under consideration have been studied. Results and their discussion. The course taken in the early 90s of the last century towards the commercialization of medicine remains. So for the period from 2005 to 2018 in the structure of the country’s medical personnel, the number of people employed in the public sector decreased from 93.6 to 86.8 % (by 237 000), whereas in private medical organizations it increased by 2.3 times. In 2020, 38.4 % of medical organizations were already private. The most significant changes have occurred in rural healthcare. The number of paramedic and obstetric stations decreased by 21.1 %, the provision of beds in hospitals is 2 times lower than the national average, and doctors are 3 times fewer than in cities. In the age structure, the share of doctors over the age of 60 increased from 13.5 % (2017) to 18.1 % (2020). The implementation of the programs “Zemsky Doctor” and “Zemsky paramedic” did not lead to an increase in the provision of medical workers in rural areas. Today, medical care is geographically available only to 49 % of villagers, for 40 % it is difficult to access, and 9 % is practically inaccessible (2 % of respondents could not answer the question). This has led to the fact that the average life expectancy of the villagers is 1.5 years lower than that of the townspeople, and the total mortality is 1.2 % higher than the national average. Conclusion. The problem of accessibility of medical care to the rural population has worsened in the last three decades. The implemented programs aimed at improving its accessibility and quality, including for rural residents, have not led to a significant positive result.
Metabolic changes in elderly people with sarcopenia
Authors: Akhmedov T. A. , Saginbaev U. R. , Rukavishnikova S. A.
Published: August 2022

Sarcopenia is a special condition that develops in older people. Sarcopenia represents a loss of muscle strength and mass in the elderly and is a common disease and is also associated with several adverse health effects. Due to the impact of sarcopenia on quality of life, disability and mortality, greater awareness is needed to correctly identify this condition and in particular its biological immunoendocrine markers. The purpose of the study was to study the characteristics of metabolism in sarcopenia in elderly people at the molecular, cellular and organizational levels. Material and methods. The study included 402 elderly people (199 men and 203 women, average age 68.9 ± 1.2 years), who are divided into three groups depending on the presence or absence of arterial hypertension and sarcopenia. The state of adipose and muscle tissue was studied using anthropometric measurements, bioimpedansometry and dynamometry. Results and discussion. The present study revealed a significant increase in energy exchange tension in patients with arterial hypertension, expressed in the increase in ADP content, but it was not enough to maintain the ATP/ADP ratio at the proper level. In patients with arterial hypertension and sarcopenia, a pronounced deficiency in ATP and ADP content, as well as ATP/ADP ratio was observed. The energy deficiency can also be explained by increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity in patients with arterial hypertension to compensate for energy deficiency by enhancing glycolysis processes. However, when sarcopenia was attached, this sanogenetic compensatory mechanism no longer worked. Conclusions. Dysfunction of adipose tissue in patients with arterial hypertension precedes the development of sarcopenia, while there is an increase in tension in energy exchange, expressed in elevation of ADP content, but when sarcopenia joins, there is a pronounced deficiency in both ATP and ADP content, as well as ATP/ADP ratio.
Computed tomography in the assessment of pelvic bone fractures in patients with combined injuries
Authors: Gasimzade G. Sh.
Published: August 2022

To date, mortality from a complex pelvic injury remains high. It is noted that the total mortality from pelvic injury is 4.7 %. It is recognized that diagnostic imaging plays a leading role in the treatment of pelvic fractures, and image quality helps to reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients with injuries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of CT with three-dimensional reconstruction in the diagnosis of pelvic bone fractures. Material and methods. During the 36-month period, 76 patients of both sexes (54 (71.0 %) men and 22 (29.0 %) women) were examined. The Young-Burgess classification system was used to assess the nature of pelvic fractures. A spiral computed tomograph Aquilion 16 Model TSX-101A (Toshiba, Japan) was used. All patients are scanned in a supine position with no movement during the examination. The scan was started from the top of the iliac crest and continued through the level of the sciatic tubercles. The thickness of the cut and the step of the tomography is 10 mm, the table feed is 15 mm per tube revolution, the pitch is 1.5:1, the scanning time is 20–30 seconds. Results. The average age of the patients was 35.2 ± 1.77 years. The largest share was road injuries – 86.9 %: road accidents – 30.3 %, collisions with a pedestrian – 32.9 %, motorcycle and bicycle accidents – 23.7 %, falling from a height – 13.1 % of patients. Pelvic organ radiography diagnosed a sacral fracture in 33 (43.4 %) patients. Anteroposterior compression (AS) was recorded in 9.2 % of cases, of which AS-I in 7.89 %, AS-II – 1.31 %. Lateral compression was observed in 73.68 % of cases: LC-I – 57.89 %, LC-II – 10.53 %, LC-III – 5.26 %. Vertical shift and mixed mechanical injury were detected in 7.89 and in 7.89 % of cases, respectively. The unclassified fracture was detected in 1.31 % of cases. Pelvic ring fractures were associated with sacral fractures (69 (90.8 %) patients) and with acetabular fractures (63 (82.9 %) cases), in 6 (7.9 %) patients – not associated. Conclusions. In combined injuries, lateral compression injuries of the pelvis were more common, which, in comparison with traditional radiographs, were statistically significantly recognized on CT images (p < 0.001), which confirmed the fact that pelvic fractures are more common in lateral compression injuries than in anteroposterior injuries. For a complete assessment of the pelvic ring, in addition to the pelvic view, a CT scan of the lateral part of the sacrum is required.
The concentration of cadmium and lead in the solid and finely dispersed phases of snow and hair of the population of Gorny Altai
Authors: Chanchaeva E. A. , Lapin V. S.
Published: August 2022

To create a systematic database on the presence of metals in the environment and the human body, it is necessary to conduct local studies in different regions of the Russian Federation. A comprehensive analysis of the content of cadmium and lead in different coenotic links, including the human body, has not been carried out in the Altai Republic. The aim of the study was to reveal the level of lead and cadmium accumulation in the solid and finely dispersed phases of snow and hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk. Material and methods. The content of lead and cadmium in the snow and hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk was estimated by the atomic absorption method. Snow samples were taken in the areas of 10 central coal boilers, hair samples were taken from 122 volunteers permanently residing in the city. Results. The concentration of metals in snow water exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations: for cadmium (0.004–0.008 mg/kg) by 3.8–8.2 times; for lead (0.008–0.469 mg/kg) by 2–15.6 times. In the solid phases of snow, the content of metals exceeded the permissible level by about 3 times. The average value of the concentration of cadmium in the hair of the population was 0.16 mg/kg, which did not exceed the all-Russian reference value (0.25 mg/kg), the proportion of excess among the population was 6.5 %. The lead content (3.18 mg/kg) approximately corresponded to the all-Russian values (3.0 mg/kg), the excess was found among 43 % of the population. Conclusion. As a result of the widespread use of solid fuels, the presence of cadmium and lead in the environment increases, which is confirmed by the accumulation of these metals in the snow cover and the accumulation of the analyzed microelements in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk.
Overestimation of medical consequences of low-dose exposures to ionizing radiation
Authors: Jargin S. V.
Published: August 2022

Overestimation of medical consequences of low-dose exposures to ionizing radiation contributes to the strangulation of nuclear energy production. Several examples of the overestimation are discussed here: the Chernobyl accident, East Urals Radioactive Trace and Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site. Results of certain studies of Chernobyl-related malignancies should be reassessed taking into account that some cases, classified as aggressive radiogenic cancers, were in fact late-stage malignancies. Associations of various markers with the tumor progression can become a field for future research and re-interpretation of data obtained in studies comparing malignancies from different regions. Reported correlations between low-dose exposures and non-malignant diseases call in question the cause-effect character of such correlations for cancer reported by the same and other researchers. The correlations may have been caused or influenced by bias, in particular, the dose-dependent selection and self-selection: individuals with higher dose estimates would be on average more motivated to undergo medical checkups and given more attention. Therefore, diagnostics tend to be more efficient in people with higher doses. Lifelong animal experiments are a promising approach to the research of dose-response relationships.
Neuronal nitric oxide synthases in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Kuznetsova L. A. , Basova N. E. , Shpakov A. O.
Published: August 2022

The study of the molecular mechanisms of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its complications are among the most acute problems of modern endocrinology. Functional changes in the expression, activity, and regulatory properties of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), which catalyzes the formation of the most important secondary mediator, nitric oxide (NO), and its dependent NO/cGMP signaling pathways in the brain, myocardium, and skeletal muscles, play a key role among the molecular causes of MS. In the brain, nNOS is associated with NMDA receptors, the hyperactivation of which in MS leads to excessive stimulation of nNOS and hyperproduction of NO, which leads to NO-induced damage to neurons and disruption of the central regulation of physiological processes and neurodegeneration. In the myocardium with MS, there are changes in the expression and localization of nNOS, as well as its functional interaction with cytoskeletal proteins, which leads to disorders of myocardial contraction and hypertrophy. In skeletal muscles, nNOS controls their contraction, oxidative metabolism, is involved in the regulation of vascular relaxation, and also participates in the regulation of glucose transport. A decrease in the expression and activity of nNOS, as well as dysregulation of its activity in MS, cause disturbances of these processes and make a significant contribution to the development of insulin resistance and deterioration of glucose homeostasis. Thus, nNOS can be considered an important therapeutic target in the treatment of MS and other metabolic disorders, as well as to prevent their complications from the nervous and cardiovascular systems and the musculoskeletal system.
Experimental animal models of scoliosis for understanding the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Strokova E. L. , Pakhomova N. Yu. , Gusev A. F. , Zaydman A. M.
Published: August 2022

Idiopathic scoliosis is a common disease of the musculoskeletal system, affecting 2–3% of children and adolescents worldwide. The etiology and pathogenesis of scoliotic spinal deformity have not yet been disclosed, despite numerous long-term studies. Animal modeling of scoliosis can become the basis for studying possible etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of the pathology in question and the prospects for possible treatment of scoliosis in the future. To date, many different types of models of scoliotic disease have been created and studied. The purpose of this review was to analyze the literature data on animal modeling of scoliosis in order to understand the etiological factor of idiopathic scoliosis in humans.Material and methods. The review was carried out using databases of electronic information resources PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, eLibrary.ru. The analysis of scientific literature was carried out according to the search words: “idiopathic scoliosis”, “experimental model of scoliosis”, “animal model of scoliosis”, “mechanical models of scoliosis”, “pineal gland resection models”, “genetic models of scoliosis”.Results. The analysis of scientific literature data confirms the high importance of experimental animal models of scoliosis for the study of the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis. The review summarizes and analyzes data on the main directions of modeling scoliotic deformity: mechanical, neuroendocrine and genetic models.Conclusions. The models of scoliosis presented in the literature have been implemented with varying degrees of success and have not been able to clarify the etiology of spinal pathology, but they are a useful tool for testing interventions aimed at correcting and preventing deformity. The development of an optimal experimental model of scoliosis in animals will further overcome the existing limitations in determining the etiological factor of idiopathic scoliosis and describe the processes of disease development characteristic of humans.
Congenital dislocation of the hip – theories, etiological and predisposing factors (risk factors)
Authors: Pakhomova N. Yu. , Strokova E. L. , Kozhevnikov V. V. , Gusev A. F. , Zaydman A. M.
Published: August 2022

According to current statistics worldwide, congenital orthopedic pathologies rank second quantitatively after congenital diseases of the nervous system. Congenital dislocation of the hip is one of the most common and severe pathologies of the musculoskeletal system in children and adolescents. The theories of its development and etiological factors are not only of historical interest but also create prerequisites for determining the true cause of this complex process. The problem of predicting the development of hip dysplasia remains relevant. The practical significance lies in determining the etiological factor (predisposing or risk factors) of the disease onset or manifestation. Analysis of the literature suggests that hip dysplasia is based on a genetic substrate as an etiological factor. Predisposing factors only increase the risk of pathology manifestation. Further studies to determine the etiological factor will make it possible to formulate more specific recommendations for the management of patients with hip dysplasia and possibly expand the methods of prevention and conservative treatment.
Variations in lung fissures and lobes morphology in population of Andhra Pradesh of South India (a cadaveric study)
Authors: Kumari M. T. , Rajasree G. , Chaganti G. , Nagaraj S.
Published: August 2022

Knowledge of the position of lung fissures is necessary for the appreciation of lobar anatomy and thus locating the bronchopulmonary segments. The study aimed to investigate the patterns of fissures and lobes of the lungs and their variations in Andhra Pradesh, India and to find their clinical implications and compare them with the previous studies. Methods: The patterns of lobes, fissures, and hilar anatomy of lungs and its variations of 47 lungs by dissection method of embalmed cadavers was performed in the Department of Anatomy, Narayana Medical College (Nellore, India). The specimens were macroscopically observed for gross morphology of fissures and lobes. Results. The study showed oblique fissure in 33 % (grade 1), 26 % (grade 2), 24 % (grade 3) and 14 % (grade 4) of right lungs and 27 % (grade 1), 31 % (grade 2), 12 % (grade 3) and 12 % (grade 4) of left lungs. The incomplete horizontal fissure was seen in 38 % of right-sided lungs (grade 1). 19 % of right lungs and 10 % of left lungs had accessory lung fissures. Conclusions. Awareness of the variations in the lobes and fissures of the lungs is important for radiologists while interpreting magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans. Also, we believe that the data from the present study certainly adds an important reference in the medical literature to thoracic surgeons in performing pneumonectomy and segmental resection.