bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of adiabatic effectiveness in a combustion chamber liner with effusion cooling through conical and fan shaped holes
Authors: Kumara Yellu , Qayoum Adnan , Saleem Shahid
Published: June 2024

The present study involves computational investigation of effusion cooling over a flat plate through the different shaped holes. The interaction between the film jet and the mainstream flow creates a counter-rotating vortex pair, resulting jet detachment from the surface and insufficient film cooling coverage over the surface. To enhance the effusion cooling performance, shaped holes are used in place of standard cylindrical holes to reduce the effects of the counter-rotating vortex pair. Two different shaped holes i.e., conical-shaped and fan-shaped holes are used in the investigation and compared to the cylindrical holes. A commercial finite element method package COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 is used to simulate and analyse the three-dimensional combustor liners of gas turbine. Data is presented for total 10 rows of effusion holes with injection angles 30o at blowing ratios 0.25, 1.0 and 3.2. The shaped holes provide better cooling effectiveness by increasing the lateral spread of coolant over the surface wall. The results show that both the shaped hole geometries can generate additional anti-counter rotating vortex pairs, which contribute to reducing the strength of the counter-rotating vortex pair. The coolant penetration and strong shear zones at the interaction of coolant jet and main stream in shaped holes are greatly reduced in comparison with cylindrical holes. For a low blowing ratio of 0.25, the conical-shaped holes exhibited adiabatic effectiveness that was 25% and 19% greater than the cylindrical and trapezoidal-shaped holes respectively. On the other hand, fan-shaped holes provide enhanced adiabatic effectiveness at increased blowing ratios. At higher value of blowing ratio 3.2, the adiabatic effectiveness increased by 13% compared to cylindrical holes and 4% compared to conical-shaped holes. In addition, velocity profiles and two-dimensional streamlines have been examined in order to study the flow be-havior on the surface.
Thermo-physical properties, heat transfer characteristics and performance of nano-enhanced refrigerants: A review
Authors: Bibin B.S. , Chereches Elena Ionela , Mystkowski Arkadiusz , Śmierciew Kamil , Dudard Adam , Gundabattinia Edison
Published: June 2024

To boost the efficacy of a refrigeration system, researchers have imported nanoparticles into refrigerants in recent years. This paper comprehensively reviewed the properties, heat transfer performance, and system performance of nano-added refriger-ants in recent years. This article likewise assists with recognizing the gap in past research works and explores the possibilities for additional work. Refrigerant R134a charged with the nanoparticles TiO2 has the highest value of coefficient of perfor-mance which is 63.5% higher than that of Al2O3 nanoparticle charged R134a. Charging of the nano-refrigerants has enhanced the heat transfer performance of vapour compression refrigeration systems, particularly in the pool and nucleate boiling heat transfer. The heat transfer coefficient of R134a-based nano-refrigerant is enhanced by 42% and 30.2% with CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles respectively. The inclusions of nanomaterials, concerning their physical phenomena, influencing the vapour compression refrigeration system are confined in this paper
The right to choose: A comparative analysis of patient autonomy and body integrity dysphoria among Czech healthcare professionals
Authors: Loriga Leandro
Published: June 2024

The bioethical principle of autonomy is of paramount importance within medical practice. The extent to which a patient’s autonomy overlaps or conflicts with the physician’s duty of beneficence and non-maleficence, however, is not so clear cut, especially for those cases in which the patient’s request for medical intervention goes against the physician’s advice, either because of personal belief or because there is uncertainty regarding the therapeutic approach. Body integrity dysphoria (BID) is a condition that has been included recently in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11). It may lead an affected individual to develop an intense desire to remove a specific body part in order to restore congruity between their body and their mind. Thus, its occurrence creates challenging moral and ethical dilemmas for the medical world (Loriga, 2023). The aim of this study was to investigate how Czech physicians understood, assessed and supported patient autonomy regarding requests for invasive body modifications. The objective was to produce a blueprint regarding how much a patient could influence the medical treatment they could gain within the Czech medical system and to develop a comparison with the ethical challenges of BID.

A five-section survey was designed and submitted to Czech physicians on topics relevant to the BID debate. On the surface, the results showed an apparent predisposition toward collaboration between doctors and patients. However, further investigation showed that this supposed collaboration crumbled as the physiological risk-reward ratio moved further toward risk, which caused physicians progressively to rely less on the patient’s opinion and psychological needs. Moreover, a strongly authoritarian approach was evident, which became overwhelming in cases of amputation requests and removed, a priori, any collaboration. The results indicate that the Czech medical system does not accept or comprehend fully patients’ psychological needs, and therefore the BID phenomenon is a long way from being understood, which requires a fundamental paradigm shift.
Philosophy of values and ethics in Ayn Rand’s axiological objectivism
Authors: Švihura Lukáš Arthur
Published: June 2024

The paper presents an analysis and interpretation of axiology and ethics as seen by the writer and philosopher Ayn Rand. The author follows the assumption that, in a situation where indifference is observed with regard to values (cf. Simmel, Sloterdijk), a return of philosophical reasoning to the idea of objectivity of values could be worthwhile. Therefore, he examines a specific type of axiological objectivism that can be found in Rand’s work. In the present paper, the suggested comparison with Baden neo-Kantism as well as phenomenological axiology serves to capture the specifics of Rand’s axiological approach. These lie in placing emphasis on such a relationship between facts and values in which values result from the facts of reality, as well as in the very understanding of the objectivity of values that Rand identifies with long-term life goals and identifies them as an objective necessity for an individual’s life. Following the analysis of Rand’s axiology, the author focuses on her understanding of ethics, which he places in contrast to Kant’s deontology, as well as morality, which he views through the prism of a business relationship based on the exchange of values. The aim of the paper is to, by means of an analysis and interpretation of Rand’s ideas, show that objective values can be understood as a necessary prerequisite for consequential ethics and an individual living a happy life without being anchored in transcendence or social consensus.
Bioethics of pandemics and disasters within the context of public health ethics and ethics of social consequences
Authors: Novotný Rudolf , Novotná Zuzana , Andraščíková Štefánia , Smatana Juraj
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Public health ethics addresses moral dilemmas arising from balancing individual healthcare needs with societal interests. Ethical considerations in public health during pandemics and disasters aim to reduce mortality rates and minimize social injustice through fair principles.

Objective: This paper analyzes public health ethics and ethical values in allocating resources during mass casualty incidents. The intersection of public health ethics, applied bioethics, and ethics of social consequences (through non-utilitarian consequentialism) guides addressing serious public health challenges in catastrophic scenarios. The application of the given interaction is significant for professional medical ethics.

Methodology: The paper employs inductive, deductive, and normative methods of bioethics and the methodology of ethics of social consequences.

Conclusion: The paradigmatic disparity between the bioethics of pandemics and disaster bioethics lies in the fluid application of bioethical principles and the accentuation of utilitarian demands depending on the severity and scale of mass casualty incidents. Applied bioethics in crisis situations respects the approaches of public health ethics and attempts to increase positive social outcomes. The application of (scarce) resource allocation criteria and triage of patients is derived from ethical decisions beneficial to public health and lege artis approaches of medical bioethics. The paper presents professional and ethical criteria for medically inappropriate treatment within the framework of patient triage; we approach crisis ethics from the perspective of maximization of benefit. Age is not an exclusion criterion of acute healthcare provision in crisis situations. Ethics of social consequences as a form of non-utilitarian consequentialism allowing for social consequences bridges public health ethics and applied bioethics.
RANCANG BANGUN KENDALI ROBOT HEXAPOD MENGGUNAKAN SMARTPHONE
Authors: Rangkuti Syahban
Published: June 2024

Teknologi robotika telah berkembang dan beragam jenis dan aplikasinya, mulai robot yang dapat bekerja secara mandiri (autonomous) maupun robot yang dikendalikan melalui remote control seperti joystick, komputer dan smartphone. Penerapan robotika telah memasuki berbagai kegiatan manusia, mulai dari dunia industri sampai dunia pendidikan. Salah satu bentuk dan jenis robot yang telah banyak digunakan diantaranya adalah robot hexapod. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang robot berkaki 6 (hexapod) serta robot mampu bergerak dengan stabil. Untuk pusat sistem kendalinya dapat menggunakan modul mikrokontroler ESP32 yang carakerja dapat diprogram sesuai dengan kebutuhan penerapannya. Dipilihnya modul ESP32 DevKitC V.4 karena modul tersebut memiliki banyak input dan output digital serta memiliki komunikasi serial I2C, komunikasi bluetooth, dan komunikasi wifi untuk dapat berinteraksi dengan modul elektronik lainnya sehingga sangat cocok untuk digunakan sebagai pusat kendali atau pusat pengolahan data untuk robot hexapod. Salah satu cara untuk mendapatkan gerakan robot yang yang baik dapat menggunakan sensor inertial measurement unit (IMU). Sensor IMU yang digunakan adalah 6 Degree of Freedom (DOF), yaitu 3 DOF untuk gyroscope dan 3 DOF lagi untuk accelerometer. Bentuk badan robot hexapod dibuat agar dapat dengan mudah diintegrasikan dengan kaki robot yang akan digunakan. Untuk menggerakkan kaki robot digunakan motor servo untuk setiap sendinya, setiap kaki robot terdiri dari 3 sendi, sehingga untuk sistem penggerak robot berkaki 6 akan membutuhkan 18 unit motor servo. Untuk mengatur arah gerakan robot maju, mundur, dan belok dapat dikendalikan dengan menggunakan smartphone. Komunikasi data antara robot hexapod dan smartphone dapat menggunakan koneksi bluetooth atau wifi.
PERHITUNGAN SUSUT DENGAN MEMBANDINGKAN ANTARA PERHITUNGAN PT. PLN ULP LHOKSEUMAWE KOTA DENGAN PERHITUNGAN SOFTWARE ETAP SETELAH DILAKUKAN PERUBAHAN POLA OPERASI TAHUN 2023
Authors: Hasibuan Arnawan , Afrizal Ari , Fariadi Dedi , Taufiq  , Nisa Fidyatun
Published: June 2024

In order to provide electrical energy, the distribution network has a crucial role in delivering power from the plant to the end customer. However, the phenomenon of technical shrinkage during the dispensing process can have a significant impact on the efficiency and reliability of the system as a whole. This study aims to compare the results of calculating technical shrinkage in electrical energy distribution networks, especially in the electric power system of Lhokseumawe city. Calculation of shrinkage carried out by PT. PLN ULP Lhokseumawe Kota presents a value of 13,955,404 kW or 72% of the total power, with an average monthly shrinkage of 1,549,434 kW. There is a difference between the calculations of PT. PLN ULP Lhokseumawe Kota with the help of ETAP software, where the value of the shrinkage difference is 76.7 kW. These differences can be due to different calculation methods, different operating patterns of electrical systems, and the possibility of adding new users. In addition, the use of the latest equipment and the introduction of new data can also affect the difference in calculation results.
Abstrak
Dalam rangka penyediaan energi listrik, jaringan distribusi memiliki peran krusial dalam mengantarkan daya dari pembangkit ke pelanggan akhir. Namun, fenomena susut teknis selama proses penyaluran dapat berdampak signifikan pada efisiensi dan keandalan sistem secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil menghitung susut teknis dalam jaringan distribusi energi listrik, khususnya di sistem tenaga listrik kota Lhokseumawe. Perhitungan susut yang dilakukan oleh PT. PLN ULP Lhokseumawe Kota menyajikan nilai sebesar 13.955.404 kW atau 72% dari total daya, dengan rata-rata susut bulanan mencapai 1.549.434 kW. Terdapat perbedaan antara perhitungan PT. PLN ULP Lhokseumawe Kota dengan bantuan software ETAP, dimana nilai selisih susut adalah sebesar 76,7 kW. Perbedaan ini dapat disebabkan oleh metode perhitungan yang berbeda, pola operasi sistem kelistrikan yang berlainan, dan kemungkinan penambahan pengguna baru. Selain itu, penggunaan peralatan terbaru dan pengenalan data baru juga dapat memengaruhi perbedaan hasil perhitungan
PROTOTIPE ALAT NOTIFIKASI PENGGANTIAN OLI PADA SEPEDA MOTOR BERBASIS SENSOR HALL DAN MIKROKONTROLER ESP32
Authors: Wibowo Achmad Agung , Nugroho Aji Brahma , Fitriana
Published: June 2024

The engine oil on a motorcycle serves to lubricate the components in the motorcycle engine to prevent damage. Therefore, it is necessary to change the engine oil of a motorcycle regularly to ensure that the performance of the motorcycle remains good. However, many motorcycle users often forget to change the oil. As a result, a prototype was developed in research to serve as a motorcycle oil change notification device that can help users change the oil at the right time. The oil change parameter on this device is based on the motorcycle's travel distance. The travel distance of the motorcycle is converted from the rotation of the wheel, which is read by a Hall sensor. This device uses an ESP32 microcontroller as a processing component. When the distance measured by the hall sensor has reached the predetermined limit, the alarm on the device will be activated, indicating that the oil needs to be changed. This device is also equipped with a DS18B20 temperature sensor to measure the motorcycle engine temperature. The results of the distance, temperature, and oil change notifications are displayed on an LCD. The results of the test showed that the average error of the Hall sensor reading was 0.245% and the average error of the sensor DS18B20 reading was 1.155%. The test results also showed that the device designed to trigger the oil change notification on a motorcycle had a success rate of 100%.
Abstrak
Oli pada sepeda motor berfungsi untuk melumasi komponen-komponen pada mesin sepeda motor agar tidak mengalami kerusakan. Oleh karena itu, oli sepeda motor perlu diganti secara rutin agar performa sepeda motor tetap baik. Namun banyak dari pengguna sepeda motor seringkali lupa untuk melakukan penggantian oli. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian dibuat sebuah prototipe yang berfungsi memberikan notifikasi penggantian oli mesin sepeda motor yang dapat memudahkan pengguna untuk mengganti oli sesuai dengan waktunya. Parameter penggantian oli pada alat ini dilakukan berdasarkan jarak tempuh sepeda motor. Jarak tempuh sepeda motor ini merupakan hasil konversi dari putaran roda yang dibaca oleh sensor Hall. Alat ini menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 sebagai komponen pemroses. Ketika jarak yang telah diukur oleh sensor Hall telah mencapai batas yang ditentukan maka alarm penggantian oli berupa buzzer pada perangkat akan berbunyi yang menandakan bahwa oli sudah seharusnya untuk diganti. Alat ini juga dilengkapi dengan sensor DS18B20 sebagai pengukur suhu atau sensor suhu mesin sepeda motor. Hasil pengukuran jarak, suhu, dan notifikasi penggantian oli ditampilkan pada LCD. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata error dari hasil ukur sensor Hall adalah 0,245% sedangkan rata-rata error hasil ukur sensor suhu adalah 1,155%.  Hasil pengujian sistem ini juga menunjukkan bahwa alat yang dirancang memiliki tingkat keberhasilan dalam menampilkan notifikasi penggantian oli mesin pada sepeda motor sebesar 100%.
New tests, same old problems
Authors: Au Wayne
Published: June 2024

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Otro país a cuestas
Authors: Urriago Benítez Hernando
Published: June 2024

Otro país a cuestas presenta un conjunto de cuarenta y cuatro poemas organizados en tres territorios donde la voz lírica siembra su tránsito disperso por el cuerpo amoroso, en la evocación de noches siniestras y en la nostalgia de un país que se lleva a las espaldas como dolor irrecusable. Cada uno de los tres territorios del libro está compuesto por catorce poemas cuyo estilo, al prescindir de la escritura de cualquier signo de puntuación, merodea entre el vértigo y la fugacidad. En el primer territorio, "Oscura esquina del poema", persiste un erotismo que se planta como emblema contra el desamor y la muerte. El segundo, "Los bosques del mundo", expresa el deambular de la voz lírica por aquellos espacios que habitan una constelación diversa de seres como el árbol, la flor, la fruta, la estrella, el amante y hasta el muerto que todos nos encargamos de sembrar en la Tierra una vez desaparecemos. Por último, el tercer territorio, "Otro país a cuestas", converge en algunas zonas oscuras de un país del cual resulta difícil escapar, si no es porque solo mediante la poesía quizá seamos capaces de inventar y llevar "otro país a cuestas". Este libro es, en síntesis, la geografía imaginaria de una voz lírica en busca del cuerpo amoroso perdido o extinguido en medio de caminos donde persisten la rosa y la estrella, pero también el aroma de café y el rodar en bicicleta por un mapa de tinta escrito desde la nostalgia.
Splenectomy for sclerosing extramedullary hematopoietic tumor of the spleen
Authors:   Hospital Maciel. Montevideo. Uruguay., Perdomo Carolina , Romero Lucia I , González Daniel A
Published: June 2024

Extramedullary hematopoietic tumors are rare and characterized by the presence of hematopoietic elements at various stages of maturity, atypical megakaryocytes, and fibroblastic proliferation. We report the case of a patient with sclerosing extramedullary hematopoietic tumor of the spleen.The patient was 71-year-old man with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and hepatitis C virus infection. Multiple spleen lesions were identified in imaging tests during workup due to abdominal discomfort. Although a vascular tumor was suspected, laparoscopic splenectomy was decided after considering other possible causes. The pathology examination revealed a sclerosing extramedullary hematopoietic tumor of the spleen, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical tests. These tumors are usually single or, less frequently, multiple lesions affecting different organs and are associated with chronic myeloproliferative syndromes. The histologic confirmation is mandatory due to their similarity to malignant tumors. Extramedullary hematopoietic tumors are rare, and there is little scientific clinical evidence regarding their diagnosis and management. The histological confirmation is mandatory due to their similarity to malignant tumors.
Algorithm to select chest wall perforator flaps in immediate conservative breast surgery reconstruction
Authors:   Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Argentina., Rancati Alberto , Dip Fernando , Angrigiani Claudio , Dorr Julio , Lamas Gonzalo , Butto Carlos , Alba Posse Sebastián , Montesinos M. Fernanda , Bou Marcelo , Sinagra Diego
Published: June 2024

Background: Chest wall perforator flaps are a good option for immediate breast reconstruction after conservative surgery. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical results of an algorithm for using chest wall perforator flaps for breast reconstruction after breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study. The information was retrieved from the medical records of the patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery and required reconstruction using chest wall perforator flaps between January 2020 and March 2022. The indications included volume deficit, contour defect and asymmetry. The vascular pedicle of the flap was evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound in all cases, which allowed us to follow an algorithm for selecting the best flap option. Results: Twenty flaps were made in 19 patients. Mean age: 52 years ± 11 (range 30-76). There were no intraoperative complications. One patient required reoperation due to a hematoma with compression of the vascular pedicle of the flap with partial flap loss, and another flap presented superficial epidermolysis. There were no cases of complete flap loss. All the patients underwent postoperative radiation therapy without loss of volume or retractions. Mean follow-up was 15 months. At 6 months, patients rated the results as excellent, good, and fair in 7, 11, and 2 cases, respectively. Conclusion: The selection of local perforator flaps to correct breast defects after conservative surgery, using preoperative color Doppler ultrasound to identify the vascular pedicle and a specific algorithm, allowed us to obtain satisfactory aesthetic results without the need for alloplastic elements or subsequent revisions.
Microsurgery for phallic reconstruction
Authors:   Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Argentina., Brandi Claudio , Giudice Carlos
Published: June 2024

Background: The absence of the penis causes serious physical limitations and psychosocial distress. Phallic reconstruction (PR) is a complex procedure because it involves the restoration of morphological and functional aspects. The radial forearm flap (RFF) is one of the best options for PR. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the results of a series of patients undergoing PR using RFF. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive observational study by reviewing the records of patients who underwent PR with RFF not related to gender dysphoria between July 2014 and July 2017. Results: Three patients aged 27, 36, and 22 years underwent reconstruction for traumatic amputation, oncologic treatment sequelae, and congenital defect, respectively. None of the patients developed flap necrosis. Somatic sensation was effective in all three cases and erogenous sensation in one. All patients reported overall satisfaction with the procedure. Conclusion: The use of RFF for PR by a multidisciplinary team produced satisfactory and uncomplicated results. Urethral reconstruction should be decided depending on each patient.
From a neuropsychiatric disorder to the correct diagnosis of insulinoma resolved by major pancreatic resection
Authors:   Hospital Escuela Gral. José F. de San Martin, Corrientes, Argentina. Grupo Quirúrgico HPB NEA, Poupard Mateo , Beligoy Juan P. , Zamudio Parry Ruth A. , Icardo Enrique L. , Schmidt Gustavo E.
Published: June 2024

Insulinomas are rare pancreatic tumors usually benign with an incidence of 0.4%. They are more common in women with a female-to-male ratio of 2:1. It is the most common functioning neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas and is responsible for 70-75% of hyperinsulinemia in clinical practice1. The diagnosis is often a challenge, and a delay in diagnosis can have serious consequences for the patient. Surgical treatment is curative in more than 90% of cases, and the conservative approach is the treatment of choice whenever possible. We report the case of a cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy (CPD) due to an insulinoma in a male patient with a previous misdiagnosis of a neuropsychiatric disorder treated with anticonvulsants.
Liver resection in monolobar Caroli’s disease
Authors:   Hospital El Cruce, Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires. Argentina, Mollard Lourdes , Gasque Rodrigo A. , Chahdi Beltrame Magalí , Lenz Marcelo E. , Mattera Francisco J. , Quiñonez Emilio G.
Published: June 2024

Caroli’s disease is a congenital disorder caused by a defect of the ductal plate. The clinical picture includes intrahepatic duct lithiasis and recurrent cholangitis usually in young people. The imaging tests reveal the presence of multifocal and segmental dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Cholangiocarcinoma can develop as a long-term complication of chronic bile duct inflammation and should always be considered as a differential diagnosis. We describe a rare case of a 52-year-old woman who presented with bile duct obstruction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and required resection of liver segments II and III due to Caroli’s disease with a favorable outcome.
Autour des locutions ma foi et ma parole : nuances dans l’engagement du locuteur ?
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España), Rouanne Laurence
Published: June 2024

"This study focuses on two locutions, ma foi and ma parole, which are often presented as supporting an assertion and conveying the speaker’s commitment. However, they are very rarely commutable. In this work, we attempt to identify the criteria that guide and limit their role in discourse, firstly through a distributional analysis of the possibilities of the two locutions in autonomous use, and then through a semantic-pragmatic approach to the constraints gov- erning their appearance. Finally, we ask whether it is possible to classify them as interjections or as discourse markers."
Potentiel argumentatif du vocabulaire juridique et orientation axiologique du discours judiciaire
Authors:   Université de Nantes (Francia), Galatanu Olga
Published: June 2024

This article proposes a research programme at the intersection of linguistic semantics, law, and judicial practice. Its aim is to explain and argue for a judicial and meta-judicial semantics, complementary to legal linguistics, by giving it theoretical and methodological foundations in the perspective of the semantics of argumentative possibilities. The hypothesis is that legal terms with a dual affiliation (legal and general lexicons), deploy in the contradictory arguments of judicial practice, their discursive potential (specified by conventional definitions), but also the argumentative potential of the meaning that these lexical entities have in the general lexicon. The illustration that supports this hypothesis is based on the analysis of crime, in the contradictory pleadings of judicial and post-judicial practices in French judicial system.
Un cuento de las mil y una versiones. Gernika en dos novelas contemporáneas
Authors:   Université de Genève (Suiza), Crocoll Natacha
Published: June 2024

Subject to diverging versions, the bombing of Gernika is, to date, surrounded by contradictions. In this essay, we draft the principal narratives of the mediatic, historiographic and literary discourses about the attack, before focussing on several elements that fiction borrows from the controversy with a testimonial or dramatic aim. Amongst said elements, we analyze how two contemporary novels, El chico de Guernica (Luis Iriondo) and Le héron de Guernica (Antoine Choplin) address the following topics: the destruction range and the inhabitants’ trauma, the responsability of the assault, the operation’s motives (whether Guernica was a military aim or not) and the different aspects that can trigger a symbolic reading of the air raid
Student Entrepreneurship Support at South African Public Universities: An Ecosystem Perspective
Authors: Ismail Riyaad , Farrington Shelley , Bignotti Alex , Vermeire Jacob , Knockaert Mirjam , Crucke Saskia
Published: June 2024

Purpose: It is widely agreed that student entrepreneurship can play a vital role in changing the economic landscape of developing countries. However, the effectiveness of university-based student entrepreneurship support (SES) has been questioned. Our study aimed to gain greater insights into SES in a developing country context by taking an ecosystem perspective on SES offered at South African public universities.
Methodology: A multiple case study strategy was adopted, and data was collected through online semi-structured interviews. Fourteen key informants, holding various positions at eight South African universities, were carefully selected to participate in the study.
Findings: Several types of SES are commonly aimed at developing entrepreneurs, promoting entrepreneurship as a career, and establishing job-creating businesses. To increase the effectiveness of this support, creative spaces, business advice from experts, top management buy-in and funding were regarded as very essential to enhance the interaction and collaboration between different elements in the ecosystem.
Practical implications: As creating a conducive environment for student entrepreneurs cannot occur in isolation, universities’ top management buy-in and financial backing are recommended to establish and offer a broad range of support internally and through external collaborations.
Originality/value: This study contributes to the limited research on SES and responds to several calls to research elements within university-based entrepreneurial ecosystems in a developing country context.
Role of School Libraries in Promoting a Reading Culture in High Schools in Chinhoyi, Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
Authors: Nzara Judith , Saurombe Nampombe
Published: June 2024

A school library is essential to any school’s learning and teaching activities since it serves as an information and innovation hub. School libraries can play a crucial part in developing a reading culture by providing free and equitable access to reading materials. Chinhoyi is the provincial capital of one of the 10 administrative provinces in Zimbabwe, Mashonaland West Province. The town has four high schools—three government-funded schools and one private school. This study sought to ascertain the role played by school libraries in promoting a reading culture in high schools. The study was qualitative and adopted an interpretive research paradigm with a focus group and face-to-face interviews. The research established that although some schools have libraries, learners are not using the libraries due to outdated and irrelevant resources, and some libraries are not functional. Challenges were noted regarding why the reading culture is declining in Chinhoyi high schools. The main challenges were a lack of resources, a lack of qualified personnel to manage the library, and a lack of funds to buy resources for the school libraries. Based on these findings, the study suggests the following recommendations: schools should employ qualified personnel; more funds to purchase library resources are required; schools should include library hours in the school timetable to allow learners to read; and libraries should introduce storytelling sessions.
Enhancing National Security and Combating Insurgency in Nigeria: The Role of the Library
Authors: Nsirim Onyema , Clement-Abraham Clementina , Ajie Aminatu
Published: June 2024

This study underscores the integral role of libraries in promoting transparency, resilience, and collective efforts towards a more secure and stable nation. Libraries are positioned as dynamic information repositories, housing a diverse array of materials that range from academic research to intelligence analyses providing valuable insights into the complexities of insurgency. Through systematic literature reviews, articles were harvested from databases including Google Scholar, Research Gate, Academia, and ProQuest. The study examines the pivotal role of libraries in enhancing national security and combating insurgency in Nigeria. Findings reveal that libraries play a crucial role in public education and awareness, promoting literacy and critical thinking skills essential for citizens to resist extremist ideologies. Findings further indicate that the collaborative nature of libraries as neutral grounds facilitates cooperation among diverse stakeholders, fostering the exchange of insights and experiences that contribute to the development of innovative strategies. Findings recognise the contributions that libraries have made in generating new knowledge and cultivating an informed citizenry to address the root causes of insurgency and foster sustainable peace in Nigeria. The study highlights that libraries in Nigeria can play a vital role in enhancing national security and combating insurgency by serving as hubs for disseminating accurate information, fostering critical thinking skills, countering extremist propaganda, building community resilience, providing professional development opportunities, advocating for effective policies, and preserving national identity. The study recommends leveraging resource and community networks that can contribute significantly to peacebuilding efforts in the country. The study recommends the need not to overlook the role of libraries in national security and counterinsurgency efforts, offering insights into innovative approaches and strategies for addressing these challenges.
Assessment of Modern Preservation Practices at the Federal University Otuoke Library, Bayelsa State
Authors: Ogunbodede Kolawole Francis , Onah Ebere Edith
Published: June 2024

The study titled Assessment of Modern Preservation Practices at the Federal University Otuoke Library, Bayelsa State, Nigeria' was conducted to evaluate the contemporary preservation practices at the library, identify challenges in implementing modern preservation methods, and propose recommendations for improvement. The assessment aims to ensure the protection of collections and fulfil the library's role as a custodian of knowledge. Qualitative research methodology was employed, and data were collected through interviews with five librarians from the electronic library, focusing on the study's relevant questions. The study included the entire population due to its small size, eliminating the need for sampling. Content analysis was utilised to analyse the collected data, and the results were summarised in a comprehensive research report. The findings revealed that the library's current preservation method is its website, with efforts underway to establish an institutional repository. However, the library faces challenges in adopting the institutional repository and other advanced preservation techniques due to limited financial resources and lack of administrative support. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of effectively addressing financial constraints and gaining administrative support to adopt modern preservation methods. Through advocacy efforts, seeking external funds, and establishing partnerships, the Federal University Otuoke Library can enhance the preservation of its digital holdings and ensure their long-term accessibility. Based on the findings, the researchers recommended that the library establish strategic advocacy approaches to underscore the significance of digital preservation and institutional repositories and take practical measures to garner support from the university administration. Additionally, budgetary constraints should be addressed by securing financing from external sources and collaborating with institutions dedicated to digital preservation practices.
A importância do diagnóstico precoce de TDAH para o desenvolvimento infantil
Authors: Santos Karina Sousa dos , Marinho Manuela de Oliveira , Santos Mila Schiavini Beiriz , Trambaioli Vanessa Silva , Bhering Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores diagnósticos do Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade no desenvolvimento infantil. Métodos: A abordagem metodológica deste trabalho se propõe a um compilado de pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa, retrospectiva e transversal executado por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. As bases de dados utilizadas foram o National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). A busca foi realizada por meio dos descritores: “attention deficit hyperactivity “, “disorder”, “early diagnosis”, “children” e “development”. Ocorreu a utilização de filtros de pesquisa como artigos de livre acesso, artigos publicados em inglês e português. Foram incluídos artigos originais, ensaios clínicos randomizados e não randomizados, estudos de caso-controle e de coorte. Além disso, foi critério de inclusão o recorte temporal de publicação de 2018 a 2022. Resultados: Os 15 artigos selecionados avaliam os principais fatores e impactos do TDHA na infância. Os resultados dos trabalhos e as conclusões variam de acordo com idade, momento do diagnóstico e intervenções terapêuticas. De forma geral, constatou-se que a suspeita precoce e a terapêutica adequada podem beneficiar esse grupo. Considerações finais: Dessa forma, o diagnóstico precoce do TDHA é capaz de alterar o desenvolvimento. de crianças e adolescentes de forma positiva
Perspectives of medical undergraduate students toward self-directed learning
Authors: Kiran M. , Hema N. G.
Published: June 2024

Objectives:

Self-directed learning (SDL) is a process in which individuals take the initiative with or without the help of others in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating goals, identifying human as well as material resources for learning, implementing appropriate strategies and evaluating learning outcomes. In SDL, the onus of learning is on the learner and learning control is slowly transferred from facilitator to learner. Hence, this study helped to understand the SDL readiness in undergraduate medical students and figure out whether it differed between students of 2nd and 3rd professional years.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on undergraduate medical students of 2nd and 3rd professional year of tertiary care medical college hospital in south India after receiving permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 285 students were considered in this study from both years after informed consent. A pre-validated questionnaire of the self-rating scale for SDL (SRSSDL) tool was included, and it comprised five components, namely, awareness, learning strategy, learning activity, evaluation and interpersonal skills, with 12 questions in individual sections. Demographic data were expressed in percentages while the Chi-square test and independent sample Mann–Whitney U-test were applied to understand the differences between 2 professional years.

Results:

Out of 285 students, 56.8% had a moderate level of readiness, followed by a high level of readiness (42.9%). The majority of the students from both academic years had a moderate level of readiness toward SDL. Learning strategy had the highest mean response score of 3.7 ± 0.52, followed by awareness with 3.69 ± 0.49. This mean score reflects that the majority of participants’ responses recorded were either ‘sometimes’ or ‘often’ for various components of the SRSSDL tool. The distribution of awareness, learning strategy, learning activities, evaluation and interpersonal skills did not show any significant association across academic years and gender.

Conclusion:

The moderate level of readiness shows that areas of improvement must be identified and evaluated with teacher guidance when necessary. The SRSSDL tool can be used as a measure of evaluation, as it helps to classify student readiness toward SDL.
A Referral Pathway for Treating Patients With Severe Venous Disease Using Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Mouawad Nicolas
Published: June 2024

Background. DVT is associated with clinically significant sequelae, and the most widely used therapies for severe venous disease are often ineffective. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) offers a promising approach, but most patients with a history of DVT are not evaluated for such intervention. Objective. To present overall outcomes and the outcome of a single case after use of an MT procedure to manage advanced deep venous disease. Materials and Methods. This retrospective, single-center analysis included all patients with a CEAP score of C6 secondary to DVT who were referred from a wound clinic and underwent an MT-based procedure. Results. Eleven patients with 14 affected limbs were referred for treatment from an associated care network and were treated with MT. As necessary, adjunctive venoplasty and stent placement were also used. The endovascular treatment was successful in removing fibrous obstructions from veins and supporting the improvement or resolution of C6 venous disease in all cases, including the 66-year-old male discussed in the current report. Conclusion. Collaboration between endovascular interventionists and local postacute wound care specialists to identify and refer patients with severe venous disease for advanced treatment may lead to improved outcomes.
Сlinical case of surgical treatment of bilateral traction retinal detachment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Mosco, Magaryan T.O. , Mironov A.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Mosco, Stalnaya A.S. ,   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Mosco, Kutin I.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Mosco
Published: June 2024

Purpose. To present a clinical case of bilateral surgical treatment of traction retinal detachment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Material and methods. A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus came to the clinic with a diagnosis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, traction retinal detachment. Results. The performed surgical treatment made it possible to achieve good anatomical and functional results. Conclusion. Modern methods of vitreoretinal surgery optimize the results of treatment of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Keywords: PDR, retinal detachment, vitrectomy
The role of internal limiting membrane peeling in the surgical treatment of diabetic macular edema (clinical observations
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Petrachkov D.V. , Balkar S.S. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation, Filippov V.M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) is the treatment of choice when diabetic macular edema (DME) is combined with other vitreomacular interface (VMI) anomality. Many studies give contradictory results and the question of the need to perform peeling of the internal limiting membrain (ILM) remains open. Purpose. To demonstrate the results of surgical treatment with and without ILM peeling in patients with DME combined with epimacular fibrosis. Material and methods. The article presents a comparative analysis of three clinical cases. The patients had similar clinical and anamnestic characteristics. In three cases, patients underwent VRS for DME in combination with epimacular fibrosis (EMF). In two cases, the ILM peeling stage was performed, in the third case, the ILM remained intact. Results. According to the results of observation and assessment of anatomical and functional parameters, complications in the long-term postoperative period were revealed in the case of the 1st and 2nd patients, and in the case of the 3rd patient — stabilization of the process. Conclusion. The presented clinical cases demonstrate that anatomical and functional results do not always correlate with each other. The high risk of complications with a violation of the architectonics and functions of the retina during the ILM peeling raises the question of the expediency of its implementation. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, vitrectomy, ILMpeeling, optical coherence tomography
Comparison of encircling scleral buckling versus retinotomy in the vitroretinal surgery for recurrent inferior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the severe stage of anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Shevalova T.N. , Churashov S.V. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Kulikov A.N. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg
Published: June 2024

Purpose. To analyze the results of the treatment of recurrent inferior rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) complicated by the severe stage anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in silicone oil (SO) tamponade eyes depending on the volume of surgical intervention: pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with encircling scleral buckling (SB) versus PPV with retinotomy (RT). Material and methods. 66 patients (66 eyes) with recurrent inferior RRD by the severe stage anterior PVR in silicone oil-filled eyes were included in this retrospective study who were treated in our clinic from 2017 to 2022. 66 eyes were alternatively distributed between 2 groups: PPV with SB (30 eyes), PPV with RT (36 eyes). The outcome measures were anatomical success, which was defined as complete anatomical retinal reattachment and function — best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results. 66 patients (66 eyes), 36 men and 30 women, median age 60.0 (50.0; 69.0) years, were included in the study. After surgical treatment, anatomical success was similar in both groups with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.7). When conducting a comparative analysis between the two groups 7 days, 3 and 6 months after surgery, BCVA was statistically significantly higher in the PPV+SB group compared to the PPV+RT group (p = 0.0001). Conclusion. For eyes with recurrent inferior RRD, complicated by an advanced stage of anterior PVR, PPV+SB and PPV+RT allow one to achieve the same anatomical results. According to the functional results, PPV+SB may be a better choice as an alternative to PPV+RT with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001). Keywords: recurrence of retinal detachment, scleral buckling, retinotomy, pars plana vitrectomy, silicone tamponade, anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy