bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domestic Violence and Coping Strategies Among Married Adults During Lockdown Due to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic in India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Khokhar Anita
Published: March 2021

Background:

There has been a reported increase in cases of domestic violence during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, systematic research data are still unavailable. This study was conducted to find out domestic violence prevalence and coping strategies among married adults during lockdown due to COVID-19 in India.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among married men and women in the month of April 2020. Data regarding socio-demographic profile, domestic violence, and coping strategies used during lockdown were collected thorough Google Forms. A total of 97.9% of the forms were completely filled by the respondents. A descriptive analysis was done.

Results:

Of 94 study participants, approximately 7.4% (n= 7) had faced domestic violence during lockdown. Of these 7 participants, approximately 85.7% (n= 6) reported increased frequency of domestic violence during lockdown. Approximately half of the victims chose to ignore it (57.1%;n= 4) or used yoga/meditation (42.9%;n= 3) to cope.

Conclusions:

With approximately 7.4% study participants facing domestic violence during lockdown, it is necessary to study its detailed epidemiology in pandemics so that interventions like helpline numbers, screening of patients during tele-consultation, etc., which can be delivered even during lockdown with the help of health-care and frontline workers could be devised to address this problem.
Adolescent social networks matter for suicidal trajectories: disparities across race/ethnicity, sex, sexual identity, and socioeconomic status
Authors: Xiao Yunyu , Lindsey Michael A.
Published: March 2021

Background

Examining social networks, characterized by interpersonal interactions across family, peer, school, and neighborhoods, offer alternative explanations to suicidal behaviors and shape effective suicide prevention. This study examines adolescent social networks predicting suicide ideation and attempt trajectories transitioning to adulthood, while revealing differences across racial/ethnic, sex, sexual identity, and socioeconomic status.

Methods

Participants included 9421 high school students (Mage = 15.30 years; 54.58% females, baseline) from Waves I–IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, 1994–2008. Latent class growth analyses were conducted to identify suicide ideation and attempt trajectories. Multivariate multinomial logistic regressions examined the relationships between social network characteristics during adolescence and suicidal trajectories. Interaction terms between social networks and sociodemographic characteristics were included to test moderation effects.

Results

Three suicidal ideation trajectories (low-stable, high-decreasing, moderate-decreasing-increasing) and two suicide attempt trajectories (low-stable, moderate-decreasing) were identified. Greater family cohesion significantly reduced the probability of belonging to high-decreasing (Trajectory 2) and moderate-decreasing-increasing (Trajectory 3) suicidal ideation trajectories, and moderate-decreasing (Trajectory 2) suicide attempt trajectory. Race/ethnicity, sex, and sexual identity significantly moderated the associations between social networks (household size, peer network density, family cohesion, peer support, neighborhood support) and suicidal trajectories.

Conclusions

Social networks during adolescence influenced the odds of belonging to distinct suicidal trajectories. Family cohesion protected youth from being in high-risk developmental courses of suicidal behaviors. Social networks, especially quality of interactions, may improve detecting adolescents and young adults at-risk for suicide behaviors. Network-based interventions are key to prevent suicidal behaviors over time and suicide intervention programming.
Understanding different trajectories of mental health across the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Saunders Rob , Buckman Joshua E. J. , Fonagy Peter , Fancourt Daisy
Published: March 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and nationally mandated restrictions to control the virus have been associated with increased mental health issues. However, the differential impact of the pandemic and lockdown on groups of individuals, and the personal characteristics associated with poorer outcomes are unknown.

Method

Data from 21 938 adults in England who participated in a stratified cohort study were analysed. Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms were identified using growth mixture modelling. Multinomial and logistic regression models were constructed to identify sociodemographic and personality-related risk factors associated with trajectory class membership.

Results

Four trajectories of depression and five for anxiety were identified. The most common group presented with low symptom severity throughout, other classes were identified that showed: severe levels of symptoms which increased; moderate symptoms throughout; worsening mental health during lockdown but improvements after lockdown ended; and for anxiety only, severe initial anxiety that decreased quickly during lockdown. Age, gender, ethnicity, income, previous diagnoses, living situation, personality factors and sociability were associated with different trajectories.

Conclusions

Nearly 30% of participants experienced trajectories with symptoms in the clinical range during lockdown, and did not follow the average curve or majority group, highlighting the importance of differential trajectories. Young, female, outgoing and sociable people and essential workers experienced severe anxiety around the announcement of lockdown which rapidly decreased. Younger individuals with lower incomes and previous mental health diagnoses experienced higher and increasing levels of symptoms. Recognising the likely symptom trajectories for such groups may allow for targeted care or interventions.
Crystal structure of eltrombopag olamine Form I, (C2H8NO)2 (C25H20N4O4)
Authors: Kaduk James A. , Gindhart Amy M. , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: March 2021

The crystal structure of eltrombopag olamine Form I has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. Eltrombopag olamine crystallizes in the space group P21/n (#14) with a = 17.65884(13), b = 7.55980(2), c = 22.02908(16) Å, β = 105.8749(4)°, V = 2828.665(11) Å3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure is dominated by columns of hydrogen-bonded cations and anions along the short b-axis. van der Waals interactions bind the columns together. Two H atoms of each ammonium group in the ethanolammonium cations participate in strong hydrogen bonds, and the third H forms weaker bifurcated H-bonds. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
Employer Engagement and Active Labour Market Policies. Evidence from a Norwegian Multi-Method Study
Authors: Hyggen Christer , Vedeler Janikke Solstad
Published: March 2021

Using Work Training in Norway as a case, this article provides insight into motivation and structural factors that impact employer engagement with active labour market policies (ALMP) targeting young people. Drawing on mixed-methods data, we find a substantial proportion of Norwegian employers engage in Work Training. Both social responsibility and the economic interests of the company influence employers’ motivation for committing to Work Training. The findings reveal that the structural factors of business size and sector are crucial determinants of employer behaviour when it comes to hiring Work Training candidates. Although improved outreach activities by local job centres may be important, the article argues that efforts towards opening up sectors closed by sector-specific regulations on hiring, and increased awareness of structural constraints, are similarly important.
Sudden Paralysis in an American Football Player! Monster Football?
Authors: Chmiel Corinne , Giambarba Christian , Trachsler Johannes
Published: March 2021

Abstract. This case of ascending paralysis, following an episode of diarrhea, was initially misinterpreted as Guillain-Barré syndrome. The prominent hypokalemia led to the search for other differential diagnoses, initially interpreted as a rare case of periodic hypokalemic paralysis, which usually occurs in Asians after intake of large amounts of starch foods, such as Spaghetti, or rest after heavy exercise. In this case, the reason for the hypokalemia with associated paralysis was caused by a hyperhyreosis factitia through denied intake of T3.
Acoustofluidic separation enables early diagnosis of traumatic brain injury based on circulating exosomes
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Wang Haichen , Becker Ryan , Rufo Joseph , Yang Shujie , Mace Brian E. , Wu Mengxi , Zou Jun , Laskowitz Daniel T. , Huang Tony Jun
Published: March 2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global cause of morbidity and mortality. Initial management and risk stratification of patients with TBI is made difficult by the relative insensitivity of screening radiographic studies as well as by the absence of a widely available, noninvasive diagnostic biomarker. In particular, a blood-based biomarker assay could provide a quick and minimally invasive process to stratify risk and guide early management strategies in patients with mild TBI (mTBI). Analysis of circulating exosomes allows the potential for rapid and specific identification of tissue injury. By applying acoustofluidic exosome separation—which uses a combination of microfluidics and acoustics to separate bioparticles based on differences in size and acoustic properties—we successfully isolated exosomes from plasma samples obtained from mice after TBI. Acoustofluidic isolation eliminated interference from other blood components, making it possible to detect exosomal biomarkers for TBI via flow cytometry. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that exosomal biomarkers for TBI increase in the first 24 h following head trauma, indicating the potential of using circulating exosomes for the rapid diagnosis of TBI. Elevated levels of TBI biomarkers were only detected in the samples separated via acoustofluidics; no changes were observed in the analysis of the raw plasma sample. This finding demonstrated the necessity of sample purification prior to exosomal biomarker analysis. Since acoustofluidic exosome separation can easily be integrated with downstream analysis methods, it shows great potential for improving early diagnosis and treatment decisions associated with TBI.
Immunogenicity of prime-boost protein subunit vaccine strategies against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and macaques
Authors: Tan Hyon-Xhi , Juno Jennifer A. , Lee Wen Shi , Barber-Axthelm Isaac , Kelly Hannah G. , Wragg Kathleen M. , Esterbauer Robyn , Amarasena Thakshila , Mordant Francesca L. , Subbarao Kanta , Kent Stephen J. , Wheatley Adam K.
Published: March 2021

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are advancing into human clinical trials, with emphasis on eliciting high titres of neutralising antibodies against the viral spike (S). However, the merits of broadly targeting S versus focusing antibody onto the smaller receptor binding domain (RBD) are unclear. Here we assess prototypic S and RBD subunit vaccines in homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimens in mice and non-human primates. We find S is highly immunogenic in mice, while the comparatively poor immunogenicity of RBD is associated with limiting germinal centre and T follicular helper cell activity. Boosting S-primed mice with either S or RBD significantly augments neutralising titres, with RBD-focussing driving moderate improvement in serum neutralisation. In contrast, both S and RBD vaccines are comparably immunogenic in macaques, eliciting serological neutralising activity that generally exceed levels in convalescent humans. These studies confirm recombinant S proteins as promising vaccine candidates and highlight multiple pathways to achieving potent serological neutralisation.
Somatic mutations and single-cell transcriptomes reveal the root of malignant rhabdoid tumours
Authors: Custers Lars , Khabirova Eleonora , Coorens Tim H. H. , Oliver Thomas R. W. , Calandrini Camilla , Young Matthew D. , Vieira Braga Felipe A. , Ellis Peter , Mamanova Lira , Segers Heidi , Maat Arie , Kool Marcel , Hoving Eelco W. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , Nicholson James , Straathof Karin , Hook Liz , de Krijger Ronald R. , Trayers Claire , Allinson Kieren , Behjati Sam , Drost Jarno
Published: March 2021

Malignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT) is an often lethal childhood cancer that, like many paediatric tumours, is thought to arise from aberrant fetal development. The embryonic root and differentiation pathways underpinning MRT are not firmly established. Here, we study the origin of MRT by combining phylogenetic analyses and single-cell mRNA studies in patient-derived organoids. Comparison of somatic mutations shared between cancer and surrounding normal tissues places MRT in a lineage with neural crest-derived Schwann cells. Single-cell mRNA readouts of MRT differentiation, which we examine by reverting the genetic driver mutation underpinning MRT,SMARCB1loss, suggest that cells are blocked en route to differentiating into mesenchyme. Quantitative transcriptional predictions indicate that combined HDAC and mTOR inhibition mimic MRT differentiation, which we confirm experimentally. Our study defines the developmental block of MRT and reveals potential differentiation therapies.
ATF4 selectively regulates heat nociception and contributes to kinesin-mediated TRPM3 trafficking
Authors: Xie Man-Xiu , Cao Xian-Ying , Zeng Wei-An , Lai Ren-Chun , Guo Lan , Wang Jun-Chao , Xiao Yi-Bin , Zhang Xi , Chen Di , Liu Xian-Guo , Zhang Xiao-Long
Published: March 2021

Effective treatments for patients suffering from heat hypersensitivity are lacking, mostly due to our limited understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this disorder. In the nervous system, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Here, we show that ATF4 plays an important role in heat nociception. Indeed, loss of ATF4 in mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons selectively impairs heat sensitivity. Mechanistically, we show that ATF4 interacts with transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member-3 (TRPM3) and mediates the membrane trafficking of TRPM3 in DRG neurons in response to heat. Loss of ATF4 also significantly decreases the current and KIF17-mediated trafficking of TRPM3, suggesting that the KIF17/ATF4/TRPM3 complex is required for the neuronal response to heat stimuli. Our findings unveil the non-transcriptional role of ATF4 in the response to heat stimuli in DRG neurons.
Antagonistic control of myofiber size and muscle protein quality control by the ubiquitin ligase UBR4 during aging
Authors: Hunt Liam C. , Schadeberg Bronwen , Stover Jared , Haugen Benard , Pagala Vishwajeeth , Wang Yong-Dong , Puglise Jason , Barton Elisabeth R. , Peng Junmin , Demontis Fabio
Published: March 2021

Sarcopenia is a degenerative condition that consists in age-induced atrophy and functional decline of skeletal muscle cells (myofibers). A common hypothesis is that inducing myofiber hypertrophy should also reinstate myofiber contractile function but such model has not been extensively tested. Here, we find that the levels of the ubiquitin ligase UBR4 increase in skeletal muscle with aging, and that UBR4 increases the proteolytic activity of the proteasome. Importantly, muscle-specific UBR4 loss rescues age-associated myofiber atrophy in mice. However, UBR4 loss reduces the muscle specific force and accelerates the decline in muscle protein quality that occurs with aging in mice. Similarly, hypertrophic signaling induced via muscle-specific loss of UBR4/poe and of ESCRT members (HGS/Hrs, STAM, USP8) that degrade ubiquitinated membrane proteins compromises muscle function and shortens lifespan in Drosophila by reducing protein quality control. Altogether, these findings indicate that these ubiquitin ligases antithetically regulate myofiber size and muscle protein quality control.
RGO/WO3 hierarchical architectures for improved H2S sensing and highly efficient solar-driving photo-degradation of RhB dye
Authors: Mehta Swati S. , Nadargi Digambar Y. , Tamboli Mohaseen S. , Alshahrani Thamraa , Minnam Reddy Vasudeva Reddy , Kim Eui Seon , Mulla Imtiaz S. , Park Chinho , Suryavanshi Sharad S.
Published: March 2021

Surface area and surface active sites are two important key parameters in enhancing the gas sensing as well as photocatalytic properties of the parent material. With this motivation, herein, we report a facile synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Tungsten Oxide RGO/WO3 hierarchical nanostructures via simple hydrothermal route, and their validation in accomplishment of improved H2S sensing and highly efficient solar driven photo-degradation of RhB Dye. The self-made RGO using modified Hummer’s method, is utilized to develop the RGO/WO3 nanocomposites with 0.15, 0.3 and 0.5 wt% of RGO in WO3 matrix. As-developed nanocomposites were analyzed using various physicochemical techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM, TEM/HRTEM, and EDAX. The creation of hierarchic marigold frameworks culminated in a well affiliated mesoporous system, offering efficient gas delivery networks, leading to a significant increase in sensing response to H2S. The optimized sensor (RGO/WO3 with 0.3 wt% loading) exhibited selective response towards H2S, which is ~ 13 times higher (Ra/Rg = 22.9) than pristine WO3 (Ra/Rg = 1.78) sensor. Looking at bi-directional application, graphene platform boosted the photocatalytic activity (94% degradation of Rhodamine B dye in 210 min) under natural sunlight. The RGO’s role in increasing the active surface and surface area is clarified by the H2S gas response analysis and solar-driven photo-degradation of RhB dye solution. The outcome of this study provides the new insights to RGO/WO3 based nanocomposites’ research spreadsheet, in view of multidisciplinary applications.
Employing CuInS2 quantum dots modified with vancomycin for detecting Staphylococcus aureus and iron(iii)
Authors: Guo Ziang , Huang Xiaowei , Li Zhihua , Shi Jiyong , Zhai Xiaodong , Hu Xuetao , Zou Xiaobo
Published: March 2021

This paper describes a near-infrared quantum dots (CuInS2 QDs)/antibiotics (vancomycin) nanoparticle-based assay for Staphylococcus aureus and iron(iii) detection. The detection limits of S. aureus and Fe3+ ion is 665 CFU mL−1 and 3.5 μM, respectively.
Local electrochemical activity of transition metal dichalcogenides and their heterojunctions on 3D-printed nanocarbon surfaces
Authors: Novčić Katarina A. , Iffelsberger Christian , Ng Siowwoon , Pumera Martin
Published: March 2021

MoS2 and WS2 and their heterojunctions are used to modify thermally activated 3D-printed nanocarbon structures. Herein, the local electrochemical performance for HER of the modified structures is demonstrated by scanning electrochemical microscopy.
Mn2+/Mn4+co-doped LaM1−xAl11−yO19(M = Mg, Zn) luminescent materials: electronic structure, energy transfer and optical thermometric properties
Authors: Huang Dayu , Ouyang Qiuyun , Liu Bin , Chen Bingkun , Wang Yuting , Yuan Chenggang , Xiao Hui , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun
Published: March 2021

The optical thermometric properties of LaMAl11O19:Mn2+/Mn4+(M = Mg, Zn) phosphors have potential temperature sensing applications.
Ni, Pd, and Pt complexes of a tetradentate dianionic thiosemicarbazone-based O^N^N^S ligand
Authors: Haseloer Alexander , Denkler Luca Mareen , Jordan Rose , Reimer Max , Olthof Selina , Schmidt Ines , Meerholz Klaus , Hörner Gerald , Klein Axel
Published: March 2021

Electronic properties of Ni(ii), Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes of the new tetradentate phenolate-pyridine O^N^N^S thiosemicarbazone (TSC) ligands were essentially determined by the ligand scaffold as multiple spectroscopy and DFT calculations show.
Bidirectional interaction of nobiletin and gut microbiota in mice fed with a high-fat diet
Authors: Zhang Man , Zhang Xin , Zhu Jieyu , Zhao Deng-Gao , Ma Yan-Yan , Li Dongli , Ho Chi-Tang , Huang Qingrong
Published: March 2021

The bidirectional interaction of gut microbiota and nobiletin is an important pathway for its anti-obesity activity.
Metal-free access to 3-allyl-2-alkoxychromanones via phosphine-catalyzed alkoxy allylation of chromones with MBH carbonates and alcohols
Authors: Meng Ling , Chang Xiaoyong , Lin Zhenyang , Wang Jun (Joelle)
Published: March 2021

A phosphine-catalyzed alkoxy allylation of chromones with MBH carbonates and alcohols is established for the metal-free synthesis of 3-allyl-2-alkoxychromanones with high diastereoselectivity.
A dual immune signature of CD8+ T cells and MMP9 improves the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ding Huan , Hu Huan , Tian Feifei , Liang Huaping
Published: March 2021

The 5-year survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is difficult due to the high recurrence rate and metastasis. Tumor infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and immune-related genes (IRGs) bring hope to improve survival and treatment of HCC patients. However, there are problems in predicting immune signatures and identifying novel therapeutic targets. In the study, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate 22 immune cell infiltration patterns in gene expression omnibus (GEO) and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data. Eight immune cells were found to have significant infiltration differences between the tumor and normal groups. The CD8+ T cells immune signature was constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. The high infiltration level of CD8+ T cells could significantly improve survival of patients. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm identified MMP9 was closely related to the overall survival of HCC patients. K-M survival and tROC analysis confirmed that MMP9 had an excellent prognostic prediction. Cox regression showed that a dual immune signature of CD8+ T cells and MMP9 was independent survival factor in HCC. Therefore, a dual prognostic immune signature could improve the survival of patient and may provide a new strategy for the immunotherapy of HCC.
A survival duration‐guided NSGA‐III for sustainable flexible job shop scheduling problem considering dual resources
Authors: Hongyu Li , Xiuli Wu
Published: March 2021

Considering the increasing concern on sustainable development from manufacturers, focus is given to three kinds of indicators of sustainable development, that is, economy, environment, and society, and schedule two types of resource, that is machines and workers, simultaneously in the classical flexible job shop scheduling problem. The authors define it as a sustainable flexible job shop scheduling problem considering dual resources (SFJSPCDR). First, a model of the SFJSPCDR is formulated to optimise the makespan, the energy consumption, and the ergonomic risk simultaneously. Second, an improved survival duration‐guided NSGA‐III algorithm (SDG‐NSGA‐III) is proposed to solve SFJSPCDR. The survival duration of each individual determines whether it takes part in generating offspring. In order to balance the energy consumption and ergonomic risk while minimising the makespan, a double‐low decoding algorithm is proposed, which is composed of two decoding algorithms. Cross‐generation selection is employed with the non‐dominated sorting, and the next‐generation population is selected according to the reference point‐based selection strategy. In addition, a restart strategy is also integrated to improve the exploration and exploitation performance of the SDG‐NSGA‐III algorithm. Finally, a group of experiments are carried out and the results prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Flow‐assisted visual tracking using event cameras
Authors: Jiang Rui , Wang Qinyi , Shi Shunshun , Mou Xiaozheng , Chen Shoushun
Published: March 2021

The data from event cameras not only portray contours of moving objects but also contain motion information inherently. Herein, motion information can be used in event‐based and frame‐based object trackers to ease the challenges of occluded objects and data association, respectively. In the event‐based tracker, events within a short interval are accumulated. Within the interval, the histogram of local time measurements (or ‘motion histogram’) is proposed as the feature to describe the target and candidate regions. Then the mean‐shift tracking approach is used by shifting the tracker towards similarity maximisation on motion histograms between target and candidate regions. As for the frame‐based tracker, given the assumption that a single object moves at a constant velocity on the image plane, the distribution of local timestamps is modelled, followed by which object‐level velocities are obtained from parameter estimation. We then build a Kalman‐based ensemble, in which object‐level velocities are deemed as an additional measurement on top of object detection results. Experiments have been conducted to measure the performance of proposed trackers based on our self‐collected data. Thanks to the assistance from motion information, the event‐based tracker successfully differentiates partially overlapped objects with distinct motion profiles; The inter‐frame tracker avoids data association failure on fast‐moving objects and leads to fast convergence on object velocity estimation.
Double Rectangle Fascia Lata Frontalis Sling: A Rationale Approach for Ptosis
Authors: Agarwal Pawan , Sharma Dhananjaya , Agrawal Vikesh , Tiwari Swati , Kukrele Rajeev
Published: March 2021

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes of a modified technique of double rectangle pattern for correction of severe ptosis.

Methods This is a retrospective study over a period of 8 years including patients who underwent correction of ptosis by double rectangle using autologous fascia lata sling. Surgical outcomes were assessed postoperatively by distance from the corneal light reflex to the upper eyelid margin (MRD1) and levator function.

Results Twenty-six eyelids were operated in 20 patients. There were 9 males and 11 females, with age ranging from 4 to 35 years. Preoperatively, all patients had poor MRD1 and poor levator function. Postoperative MRD1 was good in 13 patients (17 eyelids), fair in 5 (7eyelids), and poor in 2 patients (2 eyelids). Postoperative levator function was excellent in 12 patients (15 eyelids), good in 6 (9 eyelids), and fair in 2 patients (2 eyelids). At a mean follow-up of 12 months, adequate correction was achieved in 24 eyelids, and 2 eyelids had undercorrection.

Conclusion Frontalis sling with a double rectangle is simple and more efficient, as it provides a straight line of pull to the eyelid for correction of severe ptosis.
The Brain In Silico
Authors: Marro Joaquin , Torres Joaquin J.
Published: March 2021

The cooperation between networked neurons fostered by, say, synaptic mechanisms has been revealed as essential in determining mind dynamics. Following this track, it has been laid out in previous chapters how the concept of phase transitions may be relevant for improving our understanding of the brain phenomena we are interested in. The present chapter encourages and gradually develops a minimum model capable of explaining, clearly and systematically, this scenario. We here explore simple extensions of the standard model that, inspired by recent observations, mainly in neurobiology, are now becoming the subject of computational efforts with interesting results. This perspective happens to provide a (near) microscopic explanation for important observations—including both those reported in Chapter 4 and others that we describe now—and serves as a rational blueprint that combines what seem to be relevant elements, thus offering a powerful tool that raises both a suggestive theoretical framework and significant questions for experimental study.
Primary healthcare clinicians’ positive perceptions of the implementation of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic using normalisation process theory
Authors: Ervin Kaye , Weller-Newton Jennifer , Phillips Jacque
Published: March 2021

The objective of the study was to measure implementation of telehealth for client consultations from Allied Health and Community Health clinicians’ perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purposeful sampling was used to invite allied and community health clinicians to complete the survey. An online survey design, underpinned by normalisation process theory, utilising the NoMAD tool, which consists of 19 implementation assessment items. Descriptive statistics are reported. A 66% (n = 24) response rate was obtained. Fifty-two percent indicated they were using telehealth for the first time. Despite the rapid implementation of telehealth for client consultations due to the pandemic crisis, participants reported positive perceptions of the use of telehealth when measured using the NoMAD. Fifty-eight percent (n = 14) of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that telehealth will become a normal part of their work. Despite unplanned and under-resourced implementation of telehealth, Allied Health and Community Health clinicians reported very positive perceptions. However, further education and training to ensure ‘normalisation’ of this model may be required.
On indefinite subjects in Mandarin
Authors: Wu Yicheng , Li Xuping
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the licensing conditions and interpretational variability of indefinite subjects in Mandarin. Against the ‘definiteness’ constraint of subject in Mandarin (Chao 1968;Li and Thompson 1981), three types of indefinite subjects are identified in the subject position, but they exhibit different scope behaviors: (i)you-nominals are ambiguous between a wide scope and a narrow scope, and (ii) thetic subjects are narrow-scope taking, and (iii) ‘cardinal’ subjects are scopeless. FollowingCohen and Erteschik-Shir (2002), we propose that the former two types of indefinite subjects are focus elements and they fall into the position of nuclear scope, where they receive an existential interpretation, and cardinal subjects are topics and they serve as restrictor to some generic operator. Moreover, the wide/narrow scope readings ofyou-nominals are distinguished from each other in terms of whether a topic domain is available or not, which may serve a domain restrictor to the existential quantifier bound toyou-nominals (Portner 2002).
On Middle applicatives
Authors: Zhao Chen
Published: March 2021

The Mandarinbǎ-construction has been one of the most well studied subjects in Chinese grammar. Although the previous studies have achieved some exciting results, the exact nature ofbǎand the syntactic derivation of thebǎ-construction remain largely controversial. The current paper constitutes an attempt to clarify the two issues under the minimalist framework. In particular, while keeping in line with the littlevanalysis ofbǎproposed bySybesma 1999;Lin 2001among others, I argue that there is a Middle applicative projection (an affected applicative) between V andv; thebǎ-NP is formed by a movement of VP-internal arguments to Spec.ApplPmid, which can optionally be occupied bygěi, and it gets an accusative Case frombǎinv. With this analysis, we can better account for the core syntactic and semantic properties ofbǎ-constructions. Furthermore, I will show that the proposed applicative approach has some interesting consequences for Taiwaneseka-constructions, a near counterpart of Mandarinbǎ-constructions. Finally, I will comparebǎ-constructions to languages with differential object marking in arguing that Mandarin uses a special strategy – light verb marking to mark the specific/affected objects.
Accelerating boundary analog of a Kerr black hole
Authors: Good Michael R R , Foo Joshua , Linder Eric V
Published: March 2021

An accelerated boundary correspondence (i.e. a flat spacetime accelerating mirror trajectory) is derived for the Kerr spacetime, with a general formula that ranges from the Schwarzschild limit (zero angular momentum) to the extreme maximal spin case (yielding asymptotic uniform acceleration). The beta Bogoliubov coefficients reveal the particle spectrum is a Planck distribution at late times with temperature cooler than a Schwarzschild black hole, due to the ‘spring constant’ analog of angular momentum. The quantum stress tensor indicates a constant emission of energy flux at late times consistent with eternal thermal equilibrium.
Total versus quantum correlations in a two-mode Gaussian state
Authors: Qars Jamal El
Published: March 2021

In Li and Luo (2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 032327), the inequality

(
1

/

2
)

≥


was identified as a fundamental postulate for a consistent theory of quantum versus classical correlations for arbitrary measures of total



and quantum



correlations in bipartite quantum states. Besides, Hayden et al (2006 Commun. Math. Phys.
265 95) have conjectured that, in some conditions within systems endowed with infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, quantum correlations may dominate not only half of total correlations but total correlations itself. Here, in a two-mode Gaussian state, quantifying



and



respectively by the quantum mutual information



G

and the entanglement of formation (EoF)



F

G

, we verify that



F
,
R

G

is always less than

(
1

/

2
)



R

G

when



G

and



F

G

are defined via the Rényi-2 entropy. While via the von Neumann entropy,



F
,
V

G

may even dominate



V

G

itself, which partly consolidates the Hayden conjecture, and partly, provides strong evidence hinting that the origin of this counterintuitive behavior should intrinsically be related to the von Neumann entropy by which the EoF



F
,
V

G

is defined, rather than related to the conceptual definition of the EoF



F

. The obtained results show that—in the special case of mixed two-mode Gaussian states—quantum entanglement can be faithfully quantified by the Gaussian Rényi-2 EoF



F
,
R

G

.
Some predictions of a validated physical model of Pt–Rh thermocouple drift above 1200 °C
Authors: Pearce Jonathan V
Published: March 2021

A simple model was recently presented which relates the electromotive force (emf) drift rate of Pt–Rh thermoelements to the vapour pressure of Pt and Rh oxides. The model assumes that the evaporation of these oxides gives rise to a continuously changing concentration of Pt and Rh, at different rates along the length of the wires, which causes a change in the Seebeck coefficient. The model was tested by comparison with high precision measurements under comparable circumstances. By considering various thermocouples of different compositions, it was demonstrated that the calculated drift rate is proportional to the measured drift rate, which represented a validation of the model. In the current study, the model is used to make some predictions concerning the set of optimum ‘zero-drift’ thermocouple wire compositions above 1200 °C. It is shown that for a wire of Pt–Rh with more than a few %Rh, there is a corresponding wire to make a thermocouple which has nearly zero thermoelectric drift, and that this is almost independent of temperature. Remarkably, this optimum relation is found to agree very well with a previous optimisation that was based on an empirical technique. An intriguing finding is that when the measurement junction is at around 1285 °C, the drift rate is very low, regardless of wire composition; the reason for this is explained by the model. This has implications for thermocouple drift testing at temperatures close to 1285 °C, which may be unreliable if the drift is inherently low regardless of the composition of the two thermoelements, as suggested by the model. The melting point of Co–C, 1324 °C, commonly used for thermocouple drift assessment, is far enough away from 1285 °C for this effect not to be a problem.
Addressing global pandemic (COVID 19) – How much testing needed to control the disease effectively
Authors: Mazumder Neelanjan , Dutta Trina , Dutta Palash , Srimani Sneha
Published: March 2021

Corona virus has so far infected more than 21 million people worldwide with a mortality rate of nearly 3-4%. In some countries, it given goes up as 10%. While lockdown has so far been the only practised measure to hold the spread of the virus, still rate of infection is steadily increasing. Vaccine and effective antidotes are still to come. In this scenario, effective testing only works as an eye opener and helps in strategizing further measures. However, the testing is still a concern especially in developing economies. How much testing required, what are the effective ways to test people and its associated cost are critical considerations for the authorities.

In this paper, we are going to analyse trend of positive cases detected in various countries, requirement of testing based on population density and how effective this had been in adapting containment measures. Based on reach and cost constraints, testing at a mass level is exceedingly difficult. So, testing must happen among the most representative sample of the population and the amount of testing in a representative population has a significant role in extrapolating data well on the entire population. So, we will look at what is the optimum amount of testing required per million population by various countries (which would depend on the population and population density). However, this would still not address the exact requirement of optimum sampling frame as data to do that is not available.
COVID 19 – Tracking and Management System (CTMS)
Authors: Biswas Tamajit , Hazra Pranab , Sarkar Baishali , Monda Debdas , Kumari Deepali , Mallik Niladri
Published: March 2021

As concerned individuals and pursuing engineers, we are greatly affected by the adversity of the implications of the Corona Virus and thus decided to come up with a solution that aims to create a digital tracking and monitoring system so as to pacify the panic that is generated from the implications and severity of the COVID-19 virus. This digital solution system is targeted to help the masses in obtaining all the relevant and necessary information related to the scenario that would keep them well informed and updated and also give them an immediate and preliminary assistance if they develop the symptoms of the COVID-19 virus so as they can be subjected to immediate medical care and attending.
Design of miniaturized FSS structure using Optimization Technique based on Machine Learning
Authors: Ray Ranjana , Pal Moumita , Sarkar Dr. Debasree Chanda
Published: March 2021

This work presents the design of a miniaturized FSS structure characterized by three resonant frequencies for S and C-band applications. When an incident normalized plane wave is illuminated, the miniaturized FSS shows three rejecting bands at 2.42 GHz, 7.2 GHz, and 9 GHz simultaneously with the wide bandwidth of 2.3 GHz from 5.8 GHz to 8.1 GHz. The Frequency Selective Surface is designed by creating some rectangular slots within the square patch. The resultant slotted square patch can achieve a size reduction of 93.2%, 47.8%, and 18.98%. The measured results show great acceptance for the simulated ones. The theoretical investigation has been done by the Ansoft HFSS EM simulation tool. An experimental investigation has been performed and analytical results are achieved. A machine learning technique is implemented which also validates the experimental resonant frequency values.
Production of cheap hand sanitizer with herbal ingredients
Authors: Chakraborty A , Mukhopadhyay A , Sur A , Ghosh Dr. S
Published: March 2021

Novel Corona Virus has spread to 188 countries around the world which made the people infected, facing moderate respiratory illness. Currently one of the major strategies to deal with COVID-19 and reduce community transmission of infections is the frequent use of hand sanitizers. However, a large section of common mass is unable to buy them due to higher price. Therefore, an approach has been presented here to produce cheaper sanitizers with easily available herbal ingredients like Aloe Vera gel, boiled water, surgical spirit, Glycerine etc. The estimated making cost of 100 ml of sanitizer was 16 rupees. The mass production of this sanitizer can be very effective for large scale use of sanitizers by common people.
Can enhancement in tunnelling width influence the final spintronic feature of two-dimensional nanostructure of graphitic carbon nitride-(graphene)- graphitic carbon nitride?
Authors: Bhowmick Rinki , Chattopadhyaya Mausumi , Chakraborty Jit , Chakraborty Barnadip , Roy Anusweta , Neogi Biswarup , Koley Sayantanu , Sen Sabyasachi
Published: March 2021

Herein we present a theoretical foray on crucial role played by the graphitic tunnelling barrier in tuning spintronic feature of two-dimensional insulating graphene layer sandwiched between two ferromagnetic graphitic carbon nitride (g- C4N3) electrodes. We mainly focused on the tuning of spin filter efficiency due to the alteration in tunnelling width. 100% spin filter efficiency reported at each tunnelling width. High degree of spin filter efficiency is restored even at finite bias over a wide range of bias range -1.0 V to +1.0 V. Entire observation have been explained by analysing transmission spectrum at zero bias and a molecular level origin of the observed spintronic response of the device have been provided by analysing the Molecular Projected Self-Consistent Hamiltonian states (MPSH) and transmission pathways of the system.
Fabrication of natural polysaccharide based hydrogel with utility to entrap pollutants
Authors: Ghosh B , Bhattacharya D , Mukhopadhyay M
Published: March 2021

In the recent years of innovations hydrogels plays important role in various industrial applications. Hydrogels with combination of natural polymers are widely used for its biocompatibility and ecofriendly nature such as pectin and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Plasticizers are utilized to enrich the physicochemical characteristics of hydrogels based on natural polymers. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) is known to render thermostability. Whereas copper ions has wound healing properties and acts as biocide. These hydrogels due to its high porosity can have various utility to entrap small particles such as dust, pathogens and other pollutants and can act as very good face mask. Therefore the fabricated hydrogel is not only thermostable but also have high cytocompatibility, pH sensitivity, porosity and degree of swelling.
Vidyasetu - A Digital Disruption In Engineering Education System In India As An Impact Of Industry 4.0
Authors: Das P , Sarkar R , Mallik S , Majumder S , Das K , Sen S , Biswas P
Published: March 2021

Engineering education in India facing challenges from very past ages, but the most recent calls of Industry 4.0 may cause huge disruption for the ongoing education system. This change will not cause greater transparency or accountability of the education system, but it will reflect the role of universities, colleges on higher education, and also how people learn. Industry 4.0 described as an automation process for manufacturing in a smart way. So the time has arrived to create a new wave of the education system that only solve bookish problems but can educate the people to solve global issues. This study will discuss the problems of engineering education in India and the required change in the educational process to meet the new millennium needs of Industry 4.0.
Challenges in higher education during and after COVID-19 pandemic in India
Authors: Saha Tanusree , Das Partha Pratim , Singh Riya
Published: March 2021

Human Civilization has come a long way in terms of education. Starting from the ‘Pathsala’-‘Gurukul’ system to modern-day online teaching-learning, we made some massive strides. But, with arrival of Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19), an autopsy has happened to this millennium-old education system. This has pointed us to realize that, when we needed to shift the education paradigm from traditional chalk-talk method to online LMS-Blended learning technique all of a sudden within weeks, we are actually not ready. From premier institutions to the school/colleges/universities in rural area, everyone has struggled to some extent and huge amount of ground level remedial work need to be done to overcome the hurdles. Institutions need to be armed with proper infrastructure, teachers need to be trained, contents need to be developed, collaborations need to be built and the list goes on. In this paper we have discussed the challenges faced by the higher education learners and institutes in India in particular and also we have look beyond how this pandemic is going to change the educational path in future.
Effect of covid-19 on digital transformations in teaching learning methodology and its consequences in society: a review
Authors: DebarghaBanerjee  , Das Dr. Debasish , Pal Shaswatika , Paul Swarup Rudra , Debnath Akash , Reza Masud
Published: March 2021

Covid-19 forced all the schools, colleges and universities to suspend their physical classrooms and implemented the digital transformations into the entire education system worldwide. The structure of teaching-learning-assessment methodology becomes affected by this closure. Just a handful of universities, colleges and schools might follow teaching methods online, but private, government and low-income schools, on the other hand, have totally shut down because they do not have access to e-learning solutions. The higher education industry has been profoundly impacted by the pandemic. However, the biggest concern to everyone is how the illness impacts the pace of work. Recent graduates in India fear that the present situation will result in work offers being withdrawn from companies. To manage the crisis and develop a long-term, resilient Indian education system, a multi-stakeholder strategy is required.
Heat stress on agricultural workers exacerbates crop impacts of climate change
Authors: de Lima Cicero Z , Buzan Jonathan R , Moore Frances C , Baldos Uris Lantz C , Huber Matthew , Hertel Thomas W
Published: March 2021

The direct impacts of climate change on crop yields and human health are individually well-studied, but the interaction between the two have received little attention. Here we analyze the consequences of global warming for agricultural workers and the crops they cultivate using a global economic model (GTAP) with explicit treatment of the physiological impacts of heat stress on humans’ ability to work. Based on two metrics of heat stress and two labor functions, combined with a meta-analysis of crop yields, we provide an analysis of climate, impacts both on agricultural labor force, as well as on staple crop yields, thereby accounting for the interacting effect of climate change on both land and labor. Here we analyze the two sets of impacts on staple crops, while also expanding the labor impacts to highlight the potential importance on non-staple crops. We find, worldwide, labor and yield impacts within staple grains are equally important at +3 ∘C warming, relative to the 1986–2005 baseline. Furthermore, the widely overlooked labor impacts are dominant in two of the most vulnerable regions: sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. In those regions, heat stress with 3 ∘C global warming could reduce labor capacity in agriculture by 30%–50%, increasing food prices and requiring much higher levels of employment in the farm sector. The global welfare loss at this level of warming could reach $136 billion, with crop prices rising by 5%, relative to baseline.