bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies and tactics for resolving territorial conflicts in Georgia through the prism of international law
Authors: Poalelungi Mihai , Kurtskhalia Alexander
Published: July 2023

The thorough resolution of conflicts is impossible not only without removing the objective bases of the conflicting parties’ confrontation, but also without identifying the subjective divergences between the participants in the conflict and the international community participating in its resolution. In this context, the territorial conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia should be seen as political-territorial and international, considering the dynamics of the changing geopolitical interests of the great powers at the regional and continental level. The central figure involved in these territorial conflicts is the Russian Federation, which uses the separatist regimes in Sukhumi and Tskhinvali as a tool to achieve its long-term geopolitical goals in Southwestern Europe – part of the former Soviet Union. Even in the case of a more constructive approach by Moscow to the problems in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, it is impossible to find a super-special status of the separatist regions, the adoption of which would automatically resolve the conflicts.
The notion of state secret in the context of the legal framework of the crime provided by art. 344 of the Criminal code of the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Chirita Valentin , Gaina Alexandru
Published: July 2023

The constitutional provisions of the Republic of Moldova state that the right of the person to have access to any information of public interest cannot be limited, and the public authorities, according to their powers, are obliged to ensure the correct information of the citizens on public affairs and on issues of personal interest. Additionally, the provisions of the same article stipulate that the right to information must not prejudice measures to protect citizens or national security. The prevention and combating of crimes against public authorities, as well as acts threatening national security, as a result of the disclosure of state secrets, is of major importance, in the context of the new geopolitical situation. In the content of this article, some approaches were made regarding the etymology and notion of state secret, the degrees of secrecy, the principles and methods of assigning information to state secret, in accordance with the local legislation in force. At the same time, the provisions of foreign legislation with reference to the protection of classified information were studied, some additions to the normative framework in force in the field of state secret protection being proposed.
Controversies of some constitutional interpretations of laws
Authors: Enicov Vadim
Published: July 2023

The constitutional interpretation of laws is in the attention of society because of the defining character of the regulations it generates. Constitutional norms regulate social relations of major importance, and interpretation can bring about essential changes in their realization. The study aimed to elucidate some contradictory aspects of the constitutional jurisprudence in Moldova. The analysis of some decisions of the Constitutional Court allows concluding the prejudice of particular fundamental rights, such as the presumption of innocence or the right to private property. In an attempt to understand the limits of constitutional interpretation in the context of the principle of legal security, comparative and systemic methods are used for the legal argumentation of the role of the judicial forum in the construction of new legislative regulations. In the author’s opinion, the constitutional interpretation of laws does not in all cases meet the requirements of legal security. The reinterpretation of fundamental rights, such as the right to property or the presumption of innocence, can generate more legislative distortions. The constitutional interpretation of laws must be guided not by the opportunities of the moment, but by the consolidation of fundamental principles and rights.
Aggravating circumstances of the crime of disclosure of state secret
Authors: Gaina Alexandru
Published: July 2023

Before proceeding to examine the aggravating circumstances of the offense specified in Article 344 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, it was considered appropriate to refer, first of all, to their determination and definition according to the criminal doctrine of the Republic of Moldova. Within the provisions of Article 77 Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, one of the aggravating circumstances is the provocation of serious consequences by criminal offense. This article addresses aggravating circumstances, as a result of the disclosure of "top secret" and "secret" classified information, which may affect social relations regarding state security, in terms of ensuring the smooth functioning of the fields of national defense, economy, science, technology, foreign relations, etc., through the lens of the legal provisions of paragraph (2) article 344 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. At the same time, the problem is revealed in determining the estimated sign of “serious consequences”, as an aggravating circumstance of the crime of disclosure of state secrets. In order to achieve the proposed goal, the author used the following methods: the logical method (based on inductive and deductive analysis) and the comparative method.
Legal analysis of the moldovan-russian agreement from July 21, 1992 on the ceasefire in the Transnistrean conflict
Authors: Kurtskhalia Alexander
Published: July 2023

The Moldovan-Russian ceasefire agreement of July 21, 1992 is a bilateral act, suspending hostilities and passing the interstate dispute from its active, "hot" phase to a latent, "frozen" phase. The purpose of this document was to end the military confrontations on the Dniester. The document is officially called the "Convention on the Principles of Peaceful Settlement of the Armed Conflict in the Transnistrian Region of the Republic of Moldova" and was signed in Moscow by Presidents Boris Yeltsin and Mircea Snegur, in the presence of the Transnistrian leaders. The agreement provided for an immediate ceasefire, the creation of a “security zone”, the establishment of peacekeeping forces from Russian, Moldovan and separatist militaries. The parties in conflict on the Dniester were the Russian Federation, as the aggressor power, and the Republic of Moldova, as the aggressor state. Gradually, the Russian Federation shifted its emphasis towards defining the conflict on the Dniester as a strictly internal one, by no means interstate. Thus, the Moldovan-Russian dispute in Transnistria came to be presented as the "Transnistrian conflict".
The phenomenon of illegal migration: concept and forms of manifestation
Authors: Frumusachi Victor
Published: July 2023

This scientific article aims to analyze the elements that shape the notion of migration, its normative and practical manifestations, highlighting also certain quantitative (statistical) elements. The author has set the following objectives: identifying the defining features of the crime of organizing illegal migration, through the very perspective of the notion of illegal migration; configuring and analyzing the types of migration; evaluating the forms of manifestation of illegal migration. The effective fight against the phenomenon of illegal migration, in the opinion of the author, is related not only to the necessity and importance of collaborative measures in the intervention of the authorities involved in the fight against this socially dangerous phenomenon, but also to the development and adoption of regulations that ensure the appropriate criminal liability of persons who have committed harmful acts related to the illegal trafficking of migrants. According to the author, all the latter must be strictly within the limits of an effective legal framework in international, regional and national aspects.
Forensic technique: problems, trends, perspectives
Authors: Badia Andrian
Published: July 2023

The globalization processes currently taking place around the world, along with the increasingly accelerating development of technical and scientific progress, are leading to the imminent quantitative and qualitative modification of contemporary crime. In its structure, an increasingly significant weight is acquired by economic criminality, which "feeds" all others, including those related to banditry, separatism, terrorism, etc. The present paper is devoted to the issue of forensic technique, its nature and place in the system of scientific knowledge, its methodological role in the formation of the general theory of judicial expertise, but also to some theoretical-practical problems that persist in expertise. It is stated that both forensic science as a whole, and especially forensic technology, present areas of synthetic and not purely legal nature, which merge knowledge in the fields of technique and nature – fact, of only scientology significance, at the moment. Next, the formation of a new field is analyzed - judicial expertise, derived from the forensic technique, arising from the need to generalize and theoretically argue the processes that occur in the practical activity of expertise, serving as support in the formation of the scientific bases of the varieties of expertise.
Starting the criminal process in the legal regulation of the Republic of Moldova – an essential criterion of the special investigation activity
Authors: Glavan Boris
Published: July 2023

The object of study of the present paper is the starting limit of the criminal process, which in the legal regulation of the Republic of Moldova is distinct from that of starting the criminal prosecution. The topicality of the investigated theme derives from the complexity of the problems related to the identification of the respective limit, especially since the Moldovan legislator avoided establishing a certain procedural act that would mark the beginning of the criminal process. The interest of the analysis of this research subject starts from the conditioning provided in Law no. 59/2012 on the special investigation activity regarding the performance of different categories of special investigation measures either within or outside the criminal process, a condition that marks the legality or illegality of those measures. Following the research carried out, it is concluded that the current provisions of the Moldovan procedural law are not clear enough regarding the beginning of the criminal process, a fact that essentially limits the potential of special investigations in the phase of the criminal process before the criminal prosecution and that significantly benefits the criminal elements, ruining the trust of the state by law the Republic of Moldova – guarantor of constitutional values.
Improving national banking regulations during the period of global financial instability
Authors: Armeanic Alexandru , Zavulan Nicolae
Published: July 2023

The scientific update of the article is to highlight the positive aspects of the European practice and the ways to implement reforms for the current systems of the Republic of Moldova. Starting from the specifics of financial institutions as well as their activities, it is proposed to implement simplified and more effective processes, following international practice, which would increase the chances for a bank to return to the usual activity or in the aggravated cases to reduce the negative consequences not only on the legal company and the minimization of budget expenditures. The aim of the article is to assess the current state and development of the banking market and to adjust existing legislation to updated and more effective standards and procedures. Methods of research: classical and creative [1]. The outcomes: shaping the ways of efficient use of resources in order to solve as quickly as possible the disputes arising in a process of winding up a bank and creating a legal framework that would protect the financial institution, the clients how and state taxpayers. The research also resulted in a complex analysis of the procedures applied both on the territory of the Republic of Moldova and the international practice on banks in insolvency, the risk factors for a bank’s activities, the proposed methods and techniques for optimizing the state intervention process for improving the state of a bank in the context of internal policies and the process of globalization.
Some aspects regarding the competence of the criminal prosecution authority of the state tax service
Authors: Costisanu Vitalie
Published: July 2023

Ensuring the rule of law and strengthening the legal order involves a wide range of social-economic, political, organizational, educational measures, as well as coercive measures in relation to people who do not want to comply with the legal order. Fight against the criminal phenomenon has always been and continues to be the central issue in the systems which deal with activities of this kind. In order to ensure the complete, objective and multilateral investigation of economic crimes from January 1, 2021, the State Tax Service was granted the competence to conduct criminal prosecution and special investigative activity for certain categories of offenses provided by the Criminal Code. The State Tax Service ensures the prosecution through specialized subdivisions in which the competent criminal investigation officers in the financial-fiscal field with special training in the legal-criminal field perform their activity in accordance with the provisions of the Law on the status of the prosecution officer and the Criminal Procedure Code under the leadership of prosecutors in the Prosecutor’s Office for Combating Organized Crime and Special Causes.
Elements of comparative law on criminal liability for acts committed while intoxicated
Authors: Bujor Constantin , Marit Alexandru
Published: July 2023

The scale of alcoholism in contemporary human society is alarming. Nothing spreads faster than the habit of alcohol, drug addiction and taxonomy. It is a social problem for modern society. On the one hand, alcoholics and drug addicts are always ready to commit antisocial acts, alcohol and drug use being one of the major causes of crime, and on the other hand they cause degeneration, children of alcoholics and drug addicts often become criminals. or degenerate physically and intellectually. This sinister and erroneous understanding of alcohol consumption, which has caused unfortunate criminal acts and special harm to the individual, does not yield anything in favor of understanding what alcohol actually is. and untempered habits are also detrimental to the general well-being of society as they are fatal to the happiness of the individual. In proposing remedies, the Mani British Parliament’s House of Commons Special Committee on Intoxication alluded to the causes of drunkenness which it considered to be a “deeply rooted, ancient, widespread and strongly encouraged evil of negligence, ignorance, prejudice, customs and self-interest.” selfish”. It was believed that these remedies could fall into two broad categories: legislative remedies and moral remedies, and the law was to “frame, inhibit, and punish the malicious and contagious inclinations of malicious members of society that encourage drunkenness.”
The legal configuration of the concept of coercion
Authors: Tanase Oleg
Published: July 2023

The problem of the order of law in general, and of coercion in particular, we believe is relatively well developed in general legal theory. More comprehensive and complex studies can be found in the branch sciences. In addition to this, the concept of coercion and a series of problems related to this subject are the subject of multiple discussions, in the process of which a series of insufficiently examined problems were detected both in the general theory of law and in the branch sciences. Despite these drawbacks, jurists, philosophers and sociologists all over the world have over the years been concerned with researching various aspects of the phenomenon of coercion. Valuable works have been consecrated, which have not lost their value as sources of information to this day. But some issues were examined in these works, taking into account the political-ideological representations that dominated those times, which led to vague interpretations of the facts, sometimes even distorting their understanding.
On procedural acts issued by investigating judges appointed contrary to law 514/1995
Authors: Rusanovschi Iulian
Published: July 2023

Everyone has the right to a fair examination and resolution of his or her case by an independent, impartial, lawfully constituted court acting in conformity with this Code. These guarantees take the form of the constitutional principle of free access to justice, the violation of which is sanctioned by declaring absolute nullity of procedural acts obtained or adopted contrary to this principle. There is sufficient evidence to show that the appointment of investigating judges during the period 2015-2018 was in violation of the provisions of Article 151 of Law No. 514/1995 on the Organization of Judges - that, in the editorial office up to January 12, 2018, which regulated that an investigating judge may hold that dignity only if he has previously held the position of judge for at least 3 years. Unfortunately, these deviations, whether consciously or mistakenly admitted by the Superior Council of Magistracy, have had and will have the most unexpected consequences, because those investigating judges accused of violating the law have committed a series of procedural acts that are thus rendered null and void.
Protection of ownership in the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, European Union. Comparative legal aspect
Authors: Sosna Alexandru , Gherman Iuliana
Published: July 2023

The paper deals with the problems of legal regulation of civil and legal protection of absolute civil rights in the Republic of the Moldova, Ukraine, as well as the European Union. Absolute civil rights, in particular, such as property rights, occupy an important place in the civil law system. These rights are fundamental not only to civil law, but also to the whole national legal system, because personal non-property rights are the basis of the vital activity of an individual, property rights, in particular property rights, are basic economic rights (rights intellectual property rights ensure the protection of literary, artistic, scientific and technical creative activity, and hereditary rights ensure effective civil succession). Therefore, a comprehensive scientific and legal general theoretical study of the whole range of issues concerning the grounds for the emergence of absolute civil rights, their place in the civil law system of Moldova, Ukraine and other countries, types of absolute civil rights in civil science, and their legislative consolidation is necessary and relevant. These surveys can be used in research, rule-making, educational activity.
The protection of human rights in the process of maintaining and ensuring public order and public security
Authors: Erhan Ianus
Published: July 2023

Human rights are considered supreme values in any modern state with an advanced democratic regime, and their guarantee by the law enforcement forces implies both respect for them and protection.In turn, public order and security is ensured, through all the measures taken by law enforcement, to achieve, maintain and, ultimately, restore public order. The law enforcement forces represent the institutional framework of the system of public order and public security, respectively this is a determining factor in the process of protecting human rights, and from the analysis undertaken, we highlight two public authorities with competences in the field of public order and public security, namely the Police and the Inspectorate General of the Carabineers.Maintaining public order is the main mission of the Police carried out through specific activities carried out by the responsible subdivisions, and restoring public order is the main mission of the Inspectorate General of the Carabineers. As for ensuring public order, it is the secondary mission, both for the Police and for the Carabineers and it can be carried out independently or through mutual support.The approach based on human rights must be the basis of all the activities of maintaining and ensuring public order, which requires to be unconditionally respected at all levels of activity and by all employees of the mentioned authorities, being, at the same time, incorporated in the regulations that determine these processes.
Development of special investigation activities in relation to criminal process and human rights
Authors: Glavan Boris
Published: July 2023

The paper is devoted to the field of special investigative activity and criminal proceedings. Through the historical research method, the evolution of the special investigation activity in relation to the criminal process and the institution of human law is studied and analyzed. The study shows that no distinction was initially made between special investigations and criminal proceedings. Subsequently, as human rights are exploited, these two types of activity are divided, the criminal process becoming a public form of investigation of crimes and special investigations being kept secret, fulfilling the function of providing information on the criminal process and ensuring security. Our country’s adherence to international human rights law has led to the legalization of special investigations separately from criminal proceedings. Later, also under the influence of human rights, the partial reintegration of the two forms of investigations followed. Thus, the whole evolutionary process of special investigations is divided into four consecutive stages: the first stage begins in ancient times and ends in the twentieth century. XIX; the second stage lasts until the end of the century. XX; the third stage begins with the legalization of the special investigation activity and the last stage begins with the reintegration of the special investigation activity and the criminal process.
Mercenary activity - a challenge to national security
Authors: Macovei Vera
Published: July 2023

War crimes, until yesterday - circumstances described in history books, today - bloody events that shock and threaten the entire world map. The security of any nature of the entire world is threatened by the events in Ukraine. In these circumstances, it is all the more important to discuss SECURITY today, since we are in a period when social, political, geopolitical events are planning a real threat to the security system of the Republic of Moldova. The security system of the Republic of Moldova, in addition to economic, social, political and corruption threats, is also threatened by the mercenary phenomenon, especially in the situation of the intensification of the war in Ukraine and the pre-existence of the separatist region on the left of the Dniester.
The impact of family criminal situation in committing violent crimes and forming the cupid purpose
Authors: Mizdran Mihaita , Baloi Cristina
Published: July 2023

It was established that there are still families, whose climate creates premises for the formation of criminal personality such as: conflicting families, hyper-authoritarian families and hyper-permissive families, etc. So, the family environment can be appreciated in terms of structure, economic and social conditions and educational deficit. The family environment can have very different legal, social, moral, pedagogical deficiencies, related to situations such as: infidelity, abandonment, divorce, cohabitation, death, drug addiction, sexual vices, etc., without mentioning the very absence of the family environment, as in the case of orphaned, abandoned children in public care. Conducting this study, we notice that the role of the family in the formation of personality is considerable. We say this because children are born in the family, then in the same family they grow up and are educated, they acquire some habits, habits, thus forming certain personalities. The study found that the disorganized family has a special influence on the formation of deviant personality behavior, which is the family that loses its integrity due to the separation of the parties due to reasons such as: dissolution of marriage by divorce, death of one parent, etc.
Some actual problems of prevention of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances among adolescents and youth
Authors: Guliev Vasif
Published: July 2023

The article considers some topical issues of the status and dynamics of illicit trafficking of drug addiction and drugs, psychotropic substances among adolescents and young people. Dissertation works dedicated to the prevention of cases were noted on criminal-legal and criminological aspects of the fight against illicit trafficking of drug addiction, drugs, psychotropic substances, in particular, the prevention of drug addiction among adolescents and young people, causes and conditions of drug addiction and crimes committed on this ground among adolescents and young people, the study of the identity of this category of persons, the prevention of involvement of adolescents in the consumption of drugs and psychotropic substances. The current state of scientific research at the monographic level is analyzed. A set of criminological and criminal-legal issues that are important for scientific research and resolution has been identified and systematized in order to develop a conceptual, criminal-legal, socio-criminological and organizational-methodological framework for the prevention of drug addiction among adolescents and young people as well as the prevention of drug addiction and drug crimes by this category of persons.
Elements of comparative law on criminal liability for acts committed while intoxicated
Authors: Marit Alexandru , Bujor Constantin
Published: July 2023

The implications that alcoholism has for modern human culture are quite concerning. Nothing spreads faster than the vice of alcohol. On the one hand, alcoholics, drug addicts are always ready to commit antisocial acts, alcohol consumption and drugs being one of the major causes of crime, and on the other hand they produce degeneration, children of alcoholics and drug addicts very often also become criminals or physically and intellectually degenerate. consumption, drug addiction and substance abuse. It is a social problem for modern society. This sinister and misguided understanding of alcohol consumption, which has caused regrettable criminal acts and great harm to the individual, gives up nothing in favor of understanding what alcohol actually represents. The consequences of drunkenness (usually due to the consumption of alcohol in large quantities) and unrestrained habits are also detrimental to the general well-being of society as they are fatal to the happiness of the individual.
Mandatory insurance within the framework of employment relations
Authors: Chisari-Rurak Aliona
Published: July 2023

The right to work is one of the fundamental human rights stated in both local and international acts. It is usually realized on the basis of an individual employment contract, resulting in the formation of a legal relationship between the employer and the employee. The relevance of mandatory social insurance and mandatory health insurance organizations cannot be overstated. Obligatory insurance in work relationships strives to give socio-economic assurances to employees who are legally required to be insured by both the public social security system and the compulsory health insurance system. The monthly payment of the social insurance contribution by the employer and the health insurance premium by the employee generates the right to multiple benefits and services established by law.
Eccentric versus Concentric Contraction of Quadriceps Muscles in Treatment of Chondromalacia Patellae in Long Jumpers
Authors: Pathak Rishabh , Madaan Vani
Published: July 2023

Background: Chondromalacia patellae is a disorder that causes softening and degeneration of patellar cartilage, resulting in pain around the patella. It causes quadriceps muscular weakness, particularly in the vastus medialis. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of focused and eccentric contraction on chondromalacia and determine which is the most beneficial.
Methodology: RCT was done on 50 males of age 18-25 years, were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1 is concentric group and the other is eccentric group. In both groups, all the exercises were performed 4 times/week for 6 weeks; each exercise should be done for 2 sets with 10 repetitions. NPRS and WOMAC scale was used as outcome measures and the readings were noted pre- and post- intervention.
Results: The data was analyzed by JASP Software. The mean age value of eccentric group is 22.240±2.107 and concentric group is 21.880±2.205. The data shows that there is significant improvement in eccentric group in NPRS as the post-intervention mean value is 2.72 ± 0.792 while that of concentric group is 3.680 ± 0.802; the p-value is <0.001. The data coins that there is significant improvement in all the parameters of WOMAC in eccentric group as mean value is 30.640± 3.451 and of concentric value is 34.6 ± 3.594 and the p-value is <0.001.
Conclusion: Study concluded that eccentric group is more effective than concentric group for management of chondromalacia. This suggests that exercises that emphasize eccentric contraction of the quadriceps, could be valuable addition to rehabilitation programs for individuals with chondromalacia. This coins that eccentric exercises can be effective intervention and can be considered as a primary component of treatment for chondromalacia.

Key words: Chondromalacia, Eccentric contraction exercises, concentric contraction exercises
Tratamento de sementes de milho com peróxido de hidrogênio: análise fisiológica e sanitária.
Authors:   , Candido Ramos Higor
Published: July 2023

A qualidade sanitária das sementes de milho (Zea mays L.) é um requisito que assume grande importância para a produção agrícola, uma vez que os microrganismos fitopatogênicos associados a elas poderão causar anomalias e lesões nas plantas, bem como a deterioração das sementes e a baixa produtividade. No entanto, os maiores danos são causados pela ação dos fungos durante o processo de germinação. Assim, objetivou-se com essa pesquisa analisar as sementes de milho no âmbito fisiológico e sanitário, submetidas a diferentes doses de peróxido de hidrogênio. As sementes de milho foram coletadas nos municípios de Camalaú -PB. Para o teste de sanidade, as sementes receberam os seguintes tratamentos: T1: testemunha (sementes não tratadas); T2: fungicida dicarboximida (240 g i.a./100 kg de sementes); T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 , T8, T9, T10: imersão das sementes em solução aquosa a 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0; 8,0 e 10,0% de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) por cinco minutos, respectivamente. A quantidade total da solução utilizada (água destilada + peróxido de hidrogênio) foi de 100 mL para cada solução dos tratamentos. No teste de germinação foi utilizado os mesmos tratamentos descritos no teste de sanidade. O delineamento utilizado nos experimentos da análise sanitária e fisiológica foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC). Realizou-se análise de regressão para os dados quantitativos com a significância dos modelos verificados pelo teste F (p ≤ 0,05). Foram identificados nas sementes de milho os seguintes fungos: Aspergillus flavus (34%), Aspergillus niger (14%), Penicillium sp. (20%), Cladosporium sp. (10%), Fusarium sp. (37%) e Colletotrichum sp. (4%). As concentrações de 4, 6, 8 e 10% do peróxido de hidrogênio foram eficientes na redução dos fungos: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp. e Colletotrichum sp. Houve uma redução de 3% na germinação quando as sementes foram submetidas as concentrações de 6, 8 e 10% do peróxido de hidrogênio. O vigor das sementes de milho submetidas aos tratamentos foi 80,3%, considerado como vigor médio. A concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio a 4% foi eficiente na qualidade sanitária e fisiológica das sementes de milho.
Vaccinium majuscula (Chassagne) Fridl. in French Massif central and its related Scandinavian Oxycoccus palustris var major Lange.
Authors: Fridlender Alain
Published: July 2023

The south-western limit area distribution of several arctic relict species (cranberries, Betula nana) occurs in the French Massif central. Although especially localised in a few relict bogs, Vaccinium sect. Oxycoccus show an unexpected cytological diversity with diploids (supposedly V. microcarpum) in several localities of the Massif central sometimes growing in mixture with tetraploids (putatively V. oxycoccos). For the first time in France, we identified hexaploid cranberries. These plants correspond to « Oxycoccos quadripetala (Gilib.) var. majuscula » Chassagne a large, highly floriferous pioneer taxa of lacustrian mires. Oxycoccus palustris var major Lange is also a large leaves cranberry but collected in the vicinity of Oslo. Respectively described from Auvergne in 1957 and from Scandinavia in 1883, these two plants have been ignored by all botanists and remained absent from botanical literature, which is why we typify them here. They could correspond to the same species. Then, a new ecological and evolutionary understanding of cranberries is possible. In any case, this underlines the extreme richness and originality of the Auvergne peatlands, which are now home for three species of cranberry among the four known in the world: V. microcarpum and V. oxycoccos (mostly ombrogenous peatland) and, the apoendemic V. majuscula (only in topogenous mire).
Biotextiles de residuos de la industria alimenticia
Authors: Giantini Guilherme , Lopes Lígia , Alves Jorge Lino
Published: July 2023

El impacto ambiental ha adquirido un carácter cada vez más urgente por cuestionar el sistema de economía lineal. Su eventual cambio por la economía circular puede contribuir para la regeneración de los sistemas naturales y la mitigación de la contaminación y de residuos. En países desarrollados, el desperdicio en el sector alimentario ocurre debido al alargamiento de las cadenas de producción, como en Portugal, dónde se pierden anualmente alrededor de un millón de toneladas de alimentos, mientras que el sector textil es responsable de hasta el 20% de la contaminación de las aguas dulces. El desperdicio y la contaminación podrían mitigarse con una solución innovadora capaz de transformar residuos en recursos. El biodiseño es una  potencial opción debido a su actuación en la escala de producción industrial y en el desarrollo de nuevos materiales de base biológica. El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar el desarrollo científico-exploratorio de un biotextil alternativo a tote bags de algodón, cuya disposición se vuelve plausible en la dimensión sostenible solo después de un uso diario durante 54 años. Su elaboración se dividió en cuatro etapas por las cuales se verificó su rendimiento de uso en un prototipo y sus aspectos a optimizar. Se espera contribuir a investigaciones de materiales emergentes de alto rendimiento sostenible como alternativa a los cuales pretenden reemplazar.
The morphoproductive particularities of hybrids F1 obtained after interracial poultry crossings with the subrace of moldavian Naked-neck chickens
Authors: Lupolova Tatiana , Petcu Igor
Published: July 2023

The article examines the necessity and efficiency of creating the poultry genotypes which are resulting from crossbreeding of different breeds in order to ensure enhanced performance in the new climatic conditions with higher tolerance to high temperatures. The analyzed crossbreeding schemes provide valuable information about the productivity and adjusting of hybrids to the extensive and semi-intensive breeding system in comparison with the breeding of purebred chickens. In this study, the main productive parameters were evaluated for intra- and interracial genotypes such as: egg production during 280 days, egg weight at 32 weeks, body weight, average daily gain, and specific consumption at 8 weeks. Thus, it was found that the Na/na interracial hybrids between ♀ Orpington × ♂ Gât golaş moldovenesc and ♀ Marans × ♂ Gât golaş moldovenesc demonstrate adaptability to climatic factors and higher productivity, manifesting a heterosis for the basic productive indicators from 1.42 % up to 22.4 %, in relation to intraracial genotypes.
Analysis of the assessment methods of the competitiveness of the enterprise
Authors: Moghildea Sergiu
Published: July 2023

In the specialized literature, there are various classifications of the assessment methods of the competitiveness of an enterprise: based on theoretical content, presentation format of assessment results, form of the mathematical connection of indicators etc. The purpose of this study is to investigate the existing methods of evaluating the enterprise competitiveness in their comparative analysis, and to identify their advantages and disadvantages. The relevance of this work lies in the study of the competitiveness of the enterprise based on the implementation of marketing methods, which requires comprehensive research.
Special rules regarding the perpetrator’s collaboration with the criminal prosecution authority in the investigation of organized crime offenses
Authors: Gropa Maxim
Published: July 2023

Resulting from the provisions of art. 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure establishes that the criminal process aims to protect the person, society and the state from crimes, as well as to protect the person and the society from the illegal acts of persons in positions of responsibility in their activity related to the investigation of alleged or committed crimes, so that any person who has committed a crime shall be punished according to his guilt, and no innocent person to be held criminally liable and convicted. At the same time, the criminal procedural legislation, in the case of the perpetrator’s collaboration with the criminal investigation body, provides for the mechanism of releasing them from criminal liability, thus manifesting its policy in order to encourage guilty persons prone to follow the path of correction, by showing their attitude towards the crime committed and the prevention of harmful consequences intended to affect the legal order. This state position should be clear and proportional to the contribution brought by each individual perpetrator, being attractive to facilitate and improve the act of justice.
The struggle of the gubernatorial Direction of the Independent Corps of Gendarmes of Bessarabia with the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP)
Authors: Lescu Artur
Published: July 2023

Among the existing institutions in the Russian Empire, responsible for the security of the autocratic regime, the Independent Corps of Gendarmes stood out. Its members were obliged to combat and annihilate various socio-political movements with a pronounced anti-government character. Among such movements and parties was the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, which was also active in Bessarabia. From the moment of its emergence until the abolition of the monarchy in February 1917, this party had some influence on the revolutionary movement in the region. Organizationally structured on two levels – legal and illegal (the Combat Organization of the Revolutionary Socialist Party), the party represented a real danger to the autocratic regime. The party’s activity was closely monitored by the Regional Directorate of Gendarmes, which managed to infiltrate inside the organization a number of secret agents, who reached positions of responsibility within the committee and who kept the authorities informed of all party movements and plans. With some rare exceptions, the indigenous population remained outside the Party’s sphere of influence.
Formation and evolution of the agricultural commune “From darkness to light” in Ananiev district (1924–1926)
Authors: Molcosean Alexandru
Published: July 2023

The content of the article addresses the history of the appearance and evolution of the agricultural commune “From darkness to light” from Lipetskoe village, Ananiev district. In the first part of the article is reflected the activity of the “Rai” monastery, which served as the foundation for the formation of the labor collective. The second part of the study mirrors the way the new agricultural entity is organized. The chronological limits are set between 1924 (the establishment of the agricultural commune) and 1926 – a year that started with the first inspection inside the village. Analyzed in general terms, the agricultural commune “From darkness to light” was itself a utopian experiment promoted by the Soviet authorities on the left bank of the Dniester River in order to restore on new economic, political, social and ideological ways the rural community of the AMSSR.
Jews from Vadul-Raşcov in the memory of the locals
Authors: Palihovici Iulii
Published: July 2023

The purpose of our research is to reconstruct the events in the past of the village of Vadul-Rașcov, and the impact of the residence of a large Jewish community in Vad-Rașcov, Soldanesti, where through the imperial census of 1897, ¾ of the village population were Jews. The field research carried out by the author in Vadul-Rașcov, during the years 2019–2020, allowed the collection of valuable information about the life of the Jewish community, the location of the neighborhood compactly inhabited by Jews, and their occupations. This process allowed us to elucidate, through the prism of oral history, a number of aspects related to the spiritual and material culture of the community, inter-religious relations and intercultural contacts, but also the reconstruction of the cultural environment of the village, of everyday life, associated with important events in the history of the former fair. A series of filming of the locations and several interviews with those who have preserved memories of the time when Jews still lived in the village have been carried out. The study realized by us by documenting the information gathered from the field has ethno-cultural value and practical applicability, it is relevant for a detailed knowledge of the history and Jewish heritage of the village. The locations related to the history of the Jews of Vadul-Rascov and the memories of the locals can be used to compile a tourist guide of the region.
Russia's aggressive war against Ukraine: causes, conduct, consequences
Authors: Petrencu Anatol
Published: July 2023

On February 24, 2022, on the orders of Vladimir Putin, the President of the Russian Federation, military troops invaded Ukraine. The Kremlin wanted a quick and easy victory. But the Ukrainians resisted, being helped by the civilized world (the collective West). Russia’s war is not only against Ukraine, but against the European civilization, of the Humanity. The war proved that the Russians had miscalculated: victory would be for Ukraine and the civilized world.
Ion Jarcuțchi (1948–2014): historian of the Modern Age and chronicler of science
Authors: Dragnev Demir , Xenofontov Ion
Published: July 2023

Ion Jarcuțchi (1948–2014), historian, specialist in the field of national history of the Modern Age, history of science in Bessarabia/Moldovan SSR/Republic of Moldova, PhD in history (1984), research lecturer (1995). Author of about 70 scientific works, including four monographic studies. Between years 1977 and 1995 he worked at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Moldovan SSR/Moldova as a senior laboratory assistant, trainee research scientist, senior research scientist, head of sector. He held scientific and managerial positions in the Presidium (1995–2004), the Supreme Council for Science and Technological Development (2004) and the Section of Humanities and Arts of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (2005–2009). Acting Director (2009–2010), Acting Deputy Director (2010), Head of the Centre for Historical Studies (2011–2013) of the Institute of History, State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Between years 2013 and 2014, he worked in the Institute of Encyclopedic Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova.
Manipulative forms of media language in crisis situations
Authors: Condrea Iraida
Published: July 2023

In the crisis situations that society has been going through lately (pandemics, war), propaganda is very active, which aims to spread some information aimed to convince the receiver, to gain his trust. However, very often, propaganda uses fake news, half-truths, various specific interpretations of events, which can mislead and create distorted images of reality. For this purpose, various lexical-semantic and grammatical means of expression are used. The article analyzes a series of cases of this kind.
The piano creation of Nikolai Medtner in the context of his aesthetic visions
Authors: Gheorghieva Maria
Published: July 2023

This article examines the piano creations of Nikolai Medtner from the standpoint of his aesthetic credo. Having been formed in his youth, the composer’s worldview has not changed throughout his life. Unlike his contemporaries, he managed to present his own original vision of the musical art of the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. In contrast to many parallel developing musical styles, Nikolai Medtner did not violate the foundations of modal harmony thinking, but demonstrated new possibilities of the major-minor organization of the musical texture. The composer’s work itself is addressed exclusively to piano music, and is also diverse in genres. The logical basis of the content of Nikolai Medtner’s piano compositions is a reflection of his inner feelings, beliefs and views, which are characterized by a desire for eternal ideals of musical art.
The pecularities of transcription of homofon-harmonic musical works for accordion
Authors: Știuca Petru
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the general and specific issues of accordion transcription development. The peculiarities of this process depend largely on the discourse of the original creations, selected for transcription. Most of them belong to the homophonic-harmonic style, usually corresponding to the period of musical classicism and romanticism, and are written for piano or violin solo, or with orchestral accompaniment. The author focuses on the specifics of the given instruments, analyses the transcription of homophonic-harmonic creations from a historical perspective. At the same time, specific features and recommendations are presented in order to create accordion versions of musical creations in this style.
The role of the piano part in Franz Schubert’s vocal cycles
Authors: Turea Elena
Published: July 2023

The article examines F. Schubert’s vocal cycles The Pretty Miller and Winter Journey from the point of view of the piano part performance. We are talking about the role of these works in the composer’s vocal creation, as well as in the history of Western European Romanticism. The means of musical expression are analyzed, recommendations are offered to pianists and vocalists in their ensemble work. It is concluded that the piano part in F. Schubert’s vocal cycles is an integral component of a synthetic artistic phenomenon.
Myth and reality in the sculpture of Tudor Cataraga
Authors: Stavila Tudor
Published: July 2023

Tudor Cataraga belongs to the generation of the nineties of the last century, who together with his guild colleagues Ion Zderciuc, Valentin Vârtosu or Mihai Damian, directed the national sculpture on a new path of reinterpreting artistic paradigms. With themes and subjects taken from mythology and folk art, from universal art and national literature, they proposed a select artistic language, transforming the sculptural forms into a clear message of national identity. Tudor Cataraga was, in sculpture, different from his contemporaries. He did not seek to conform to the fashion of the time, to accept a certain style or trend, but created his own vision of art and existence.