bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[2.2]Paracyclophanes with N‐Heterocycles as Ligands for Mono‐ and Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Braun Carolin , Nieger Martin , Thiel Werner R. , Bräse Stefan
Published: August 2017

[2.2]Paracyclophane, with its unique structure, allows the design of unusual 3D structures by functionalization of this rigid and stable hydrocarbon scaffold. Therefore different mono‐ and homodisubstituted [2.2]paracyclophanes with pyridyl, pyrimidyl and oxazolinyl substituents were developed in order to evaluate their ability as bridging ligands for two ruthenium centres. With the successfully synthesized [2.2]paracyclophane‐based N‐donor functions, the cycloruthenation reaction using [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 as precursor was explored. Compared to 2‐phenylpyridine, the [2.2]paracyclophane derivative is clearly inferior in the cycloruthenation reaction, resulting in poor yields for the neutral complexes. By addition of KPF6, the cationic complexes can be obtained in good yields and are formed diastereoselectively in case of a pyridyl substituent, resulting in only one diastereomer for dinuclear ruthenium complexes of bispyridyl‐substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes as bridging ligands.
Proton in a Confined Space: Structural Studies of H+⊂Crypt‐111 Iodide and Some Halogen‐Bonded Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Vijith , Pilati Tullio , Quici Silvio , Chierotti Michele R. , Nervi Carlo , Gobetto Roberto , Resnati Giuseppe
Published: August 2017

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Giuseppe Resnati at the Politecnico di Milano. The image depicts proton cryptation by crypt‐111, the smallest cryptand and an effective proton sponge. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201701699.
The Pathogenic A2V Mutant Exhibits Distinct Aggregation Kinetics, Metal Site Structure, and Metal Exchange of the Cu2+–Aβ Complex
Authors: Somavarapu Arun K. , Shen Fei , Teilum Kaare , Zhang Jingdong , Mossin Susanne , Thulstrup Peter W. , Bjerrum Morten J. , Tiwari Manish K. , Szunyogh Daniel , Søtofte Peter M. , Kepp Kasper P. , Hemmingsen Lars
Published: August 2017

A prominent current hypothesis is that impaired metal ion homeostasis may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We elucidate the interaction of Cu2+ with wild‐type (WT) Aβ1–40 and the genetic variants A2T and A2V which display increasing pathogenicity as A2T<WT<A2V. Cu2+ significantly extends the lag phase in aggregation kinetics, in particular for the pathogenic A2V variant. Additionally, a rapid, initial, low intensity ThT response is observed, possibly reflecting formation of Cu2+ induced amorphous aggregates, as supported by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, again most notably for the A2V variant. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy gives pKa values for transition between two Cu2+ coordination geometries (component I and II) of 7.4 (A2T), 7.9 (WT), and 8.4 (A2V), that is, component I is stabilized at physiological pH in the order A2T<WT<A2V. 1H NMR relaxation exhibits the same trend for the non‐coordinating aromatic residues (A2T<WT<A2V), and implies markedly faster inter‐peptide Cu2+exchange for the A2V variant than for WT and A2T. We therefore hypothesize that component I of the Cu–Aβ complex is related to pathogenicity, accounting for both the pathogenic nature of the A2V variant and the protective nature of the A2T variant.
From Enzymes to Functional Materials—Towards Activation of Small Molecules
Authors: Möller Frauke , Piontek Stefan , Miller Reece G. , Apfel Ulf‐Peter
Published: August 2017

The design of non‐noble metal‐containing heterogeneous catalysts for the activation of small molecules is of utmost importance for our society. While nature possesses very sophisticated machineries to perform such conversions, rationally designed catalytic materials are rare. Herein, we aim to raise the awareness of the overall common design and working principles of catalysts incorporating aspects of biology, chemistry, and material sciences.
Coordination Behavior of a Planar Chiral Cyclic (Amino)(Ferrocenyl)Carbene Ligand in Iridium Complexes
Authors: Shikata Yuta , Yasue Risa , Yoshida Kazuhiro
Published: August 2017

Iridium complexes bearing a new type of chiral carbene ligand, cyclic (amino)(ferrocenyl)carbene (CAFeC), were prepared. The complexes, which are quite stable in air and moisture, were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The NMR spectra of the dicarbonyl complex [IrCl(CO)2(CAFeC)] showed signals for two isomers in solution, which were assigned to diastereomeric rotamers arising from the rotation of the chiral CAFeC ligand around the axes of the Ir−Ccarbene bond. IR spectroscopy of the dicarbonyl complex revealed that the donor strength of CAFeC is much higher than those of classic N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and comparable to those of cyclic amino alkyl carbenes (CAACs).
Phosphinous Acid‐Assisted Hydration of Nitriles: Understanding the Controversial Reactivity of Osmium and Ruthenium Catalysts
Authors: González‐Fernández Rebeca , Crochet Pascale , Cadierno Victorio , Menéndez M. Isabel , López Ramón
Published: August 2017

The synthesis and catalytic behavior of the osmium(II) complexes [OsCl2(η6‐p‐cymene)(PR2OH)] [R=Me (2 a), Ph (2 b), OMe (2 c), OPh (2 d)] in nitrile hydration reactions is presented. Among them, the best catalytic results were obtained with the phosphinous acid derivative [OsCl2(η6‐p‐cymene)(PMe2OH)] (2 a), which selectively provided the desired primary amides in excellent yields and short times at 80 °C, employing directly water as solvent, and without the assistance of any basic additive (TOF values up to 200 h−1). The process was successful with aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic, and α,β‐unsaturated organonitriles, and showed a high functional group tolerance. Indeed, complex 2 arepresents the most active and versatile osmium‐based catalyst for the hydration of nitriles reported so far in the literature. In addition, it exhibits a catalytic performance similar to that of its ruthenium analogue [RuCl2(η6‐p‐cymene)(PMe2OH)] (4). However, when compared to4, the osmium complex 2 aturned out to be faster in the hydration of less‐reactive aliphatic nitriles, whereas the opposite trend was generally observed with aromatic substrates. DFT calculations suggest that these differences in reactivity are mainly related to the ring strain associated with the key intermediate in the catalytic cycle, that is, a five‐membered metallacyclic species generated by intramolecular addition of the hydroxyl group of the phosphinous acid ligand to the metal‐coordinated nitrile.
Bismuthanes as Hemilabile Donors in an O2‐Activating Palladium(0) Complex
Authors: Materne Karolin , Braun‐Cula Beatrice , Herwig Christian , Frank Nicolas , Limberg Christian
Published: August 2017

A xanthene‐based bismuthane/phosphane chelating ligand has been accessed that has enabled the synthesis of a palladium(0) bismuthane complex. The bismuthane donor proved to be hemilabile as it switched to a dangling position upon addition of O2 that gave a palladium(II) peroxide complex. Unlike the corresponding 4,5‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene (Xantphos) palladium peroxide, the bismuth analogue could be employed for catalytic phosphane oxidation and oxidative phenol coupling.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Cleavage of CO
Authors: Devillard Marc , de Bruin Bas , Siegler Maxime A. , van der Vlugt J. I.
Published: August 2017

Tertiary silane 1H, 2‐[(diphenylsilyl)methyl]‐6‐methylpyridine, reacts with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) to form the intramolecular pyridine‐stabilized silylium 1+‐HBCF. The corresponding 2‐[(diphenylsilyl)methyl]pyridine, lacking the methyl‐group on the pyridine ring, forms classic N(py)→B adduct 2H‐BCF featuring an intact silane Si−H fragment. Complex 1+‐HBCF promotes cleavage of the C≡O triple bond in carbon monoxide with double C−Csp2 bond formation, leading to complex 3 featuring a B‐(diarylmethyl)‐B‐aryl‐boryloxysilane fragment. Reaction with pinacol generates bis(pentafluorophenyl)methane 4 as isolable product, proving the transition‐metal‐free deoxygenation of carbon monoxide by this main‐group system. Experimental data and DFT calculations support the existence of an equilibrium between the silylium–hydroborate ion pair and the silane–borane mixture that is responsible for the observed reactivity.
Controlled Growth of Metal‐Organic Frameworks on Polymer Brushes
Authors: Hou Liman , Zhou Mingdong , Dong Xiaozhe , Wang Lei , Xie Zhigang , Dong Dewen , Zhang Ning
Published: August 2017

Polymer brushes are for the first time used to induce the synthesis of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). The semi‐fixed polymer chains provide a confined environment, which allows a mild growth of MOFs in between polymer chains to give surface‐attached spherical MOF nanoparticles, in contrast to the larger MOF cubes/plates formed simultaneously in solution. Polymer brushes bearing carboxylate acid functionalities are indispensable for the formation of surface bound MOFs, while no MOF nanoparticles are observed on neutral polymer brushes. Characterization of the resultant MOF/polymer brushes hybrid film indicates the formation of crystalline MOF structure. The dimension of surface‐attached MOFs can be fine‐tuned from 20 nm to 1.4 μm simply by varying the structural parameter of polymer brushes and the nucleation duration. The method is not only applicable to the synthesis of MOF‐5 and MIL‐125, but shows great potential for the preparation of other surface‐attached MOFs.
Perowskit‐Solarzellen
Authors: Fleisch Manuel , Bahnemann Detlef
Published: August 2017

Nur selten lösen technologische Entwicklungen innerhalb der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft so einen Hype aus, wie es bei der Perowskit‐Solarzelle der Fall ist. Innerhalb von nur 10 Jahren ist es Forschern gelungen, den Wirkungsgrad dieser Zellen von zunächst lediglich 2 % auf über 20 % zu steigern, eine beachtliche Leistung im Bereich der Photovoltaik. Das Besondere an der Perowskit‐Solarzelle ist dabei der Photoabsorber, der nicht nur kostengünstig herstellbar ist, sondern gleichzeitig hervorragend Sonnenlicht absorbiert. Der Industriereife dieser Technologie steht derzeit allerdings noch eine vergleichsweise kurze Zelllebensdauer im Weg. Dennoch haben die Perowskit‐Solarzellen vor allem in Kombination mit konventionellen Silizium‐Solarzellen zu Tandem‐Solarzellen das Potential, photovoltaisch erzeugten Strom in Zukunft zu deutlich günstigeren Preisen anzubieten.
Macrocyclic‐ligand Induced Synthesis of Aryl Ethynides with Divergent Silver(I) Clusters
Authors: Ji Guangmian , Zhang Siqi , Hau Sam C. K. , Zhao Liang
Published: August 2017

Two structurally characterized metal‐cluster‐centered supramolecular architectures named [Ag8(1,2‐(C ≡ C)2‐C6H4)(Py[6])(CF3CO2)6] · 2.5MeOH (1) and [Ag12(1,2,4,5‐(C ≡ C)4C6H2)(Py[6])2(CF3SO3)8]·4MeOH·3H2O (2) are synthesized through the interaction with a bowl‐shaped macrocyclic ligand Py[6]. Particularly, two dissimilar silver(I) clusters are resulted in 2 within the structure under the influence of the macrocyclic ligand Py[6]. Such dissimilarity of the silver(I) cluster is also reflected on the structural and photophysical differences between 1 and 2.
Combined high‐intensity local treatment and systemic therapy in metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: An analysis of the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Zumsteg Zachary S. , Luu Michael , Yoshida Emi J. , Kim Sungjin , Tighiouart Mourad , David John M. , Shiao Stephen L. , Mita Alain C. , Scher Kevin S. , Sherman Eric J. , Lee Nancy Y. , Ho Allen S.
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

There is increasing evidence that primary tumor ablation can improve survival for some cancer patients with distant metastases. This may be particularly applicable to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) because of its tropism for locoregional progression.

METHODS

This study included patients with metastatic HNSCC undergoing systemic therapy identified in the National Cancer Data Base. High‐intensity local treatment was defined as radiation doses ≥ 60 Gy or oncologic resection of the primary tumor. Multivariate Cox regression, propensity score matching, landmark analysis, and subgroup analysis were performed to account for imbalances in covariates, including adjustments for the number and location of metastatic sites in the subset of patients with this information available.

RESULTS

In all, 3269 patients were included (median follow‐up, 51.5 months). Patients undergoing systemic therapy with local treatment had improved survival in comparison with patients receiving systemic therapy alone in propensity score–matched cohorts (2‐year overall survival, 34.2% vs 20.6%; P < .001). Improved survival was associated only with patients receiving high‐intensity local treatment, whereas those receiving lower‐intensity local treatment had survival similar to that of patients receiving systemic therapy without local treatment. The impact of high‐intensity local therapy was time‐dependent, with a stronger impact within the first 6 months after the diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.255; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.210‐0.309; P < .001) in comparison with more than 6 months after the diagnosis (AHR, 0.622; 95% CI, 0.561‐0.689; P < .001) in the multivariate analysis. A benefit was seen in all subgroups, in landmark analyses of 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survivors, and when adjusting for the number and location of metastatic sites.

CONCLUSIONS

Aggressive local treatment warrants prospective evaluation for select patients with metastatic HNSCC. Cancer 2017;123:4583‐4593. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Centralized patient‐reported outcome data collection in transplantation is feasible and clinically meaningful
Authors: Shaw Bronwen E. , Brazauskas Ruta , Millard Heather R. , Fonstad Rachel , Flynn Kathryn E. , Abernethy Amy , Vogel Jenny , Petroske Charney , Mattila Deborah , Drexler Rebecca , Lee Stephanie J. , Horowitz Mary M. , Rizzo J. Douglas
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) cures many patients, but often with the risk of late effects and impaired quality of life. The value of quantifying patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) is increasingly being recognized, but the routine collection of PROs is uncommon. This study evaluated the feasibility of prospective PRO collection by an outcome registry at multiple time points from unselected HCT patients undergoing transplantation at centers contributing clinical data to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), and then it correlated the PRO data with clinical and demographic data.

METHODS

The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT‐BMT), 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory measures were administered before HCT, on day 100, and at 6 and 12 months. Patients were recruited by the transplant center, but posttransplant PRO collection was managed centrally by the CIBMTR.

RESULTS

There were 580 eligible patients, and 390 (67%) enrolled. Feasibility was shown by high time‐specific retention rates (176 of 238 at 1 year or 74%) and participant satisfaction. Factors associated with higher response rates were an age > 50 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03‐2.41; P = .0355), white race (OR, 4.61; 95% CI, 2.66‐7.99; P < .0001), and being married (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.42‐3.65; P = .0006) for adults and a higher family income for children (OR, 4.99; 95% CI, 2.12‐11.75; P = .0002). Importantly, pre‐HCT PRO scores independently predicted survival after adjustments for patient‐, disease‐, and transplant‐related factors. The adjusted probabilities of 1‐year survival were 56%, 67%, 75%, and 76% by increasing quartiles of the pre‐HCT FACT‐BMT score and 58%, 72%, 62%, and 82% by increasing quartiles of the pre‐HCT SF‐36 physical component score.

CONCLUSIONS

A hybrid model of local consent for centralized PRO collection is feasible, and pretransplant PROs provide critical prognostic information for HCT outcomes. Cancer 2017;123:4687‐4700. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Setting the stage for universal financial distress screening in routine cancer care
Authors: Khera Nandita , Holland Jimmie C. , Griffin Joan M.
Published: August 2017

Financial burden from cancer treatment is increasingly being recognized as a threat to optimal access, quality, and outcomes of cancer care for patients. Although research in the area is moving at a fast pace, multiple questions remain unanswered, such as how to practically integrate the assessment and management of financial burden into routine health care delivery for patients with cancer. Although psychological distress screening for patients undergoing cancer treatment now is commonplace, the authors raise the provocative idea of universal screening for financial distress to identify and assist vulnerable groups of patients. Herein, the authors outline the arguments to support screening for financial burden in addition to psychological distress, examining it as an independent patient‐reported outcome for all patients with cancer at various time points during their treatment. The authors describe the proximal and downstream impact of such a strategy and reflect on some challenges and potential solutions to help integrate this concept into routine cancer care delivery. Cancer 2017;123:4092–4096. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Phenotyping of nNOS neurons in the postnatal and adult female mouse hypothalamus
Authors: Chachlaki Konstantina , Malone Samuel A. , Qualls‐Creekmore Emily , Hrabovszky Erik , Münzberg Heike , Giacobini Paolo , Ango Fabrice , Prevot Vincent
Published: August 2017

Neurons expressing nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) and thus capable of synthesizing NO play major roles in many aspects of brain function. While the heterogeneity of nNOS‐expressing neurons has been studied in various brain regions, their phenotype in the hypothalamus remains largely unknown. Here we examined the distribution of cells expressing nNOS in the postnatal and adult female mouse hypothalamus using immunohistochemistry. In both adults and neonates, nNOS was largely restricted to regions of the hypothalamus involved in the control of bodily functions, such as energy balance and reproduction. Labeled cells were found in the paraventricular, ventromedial, and dorsomedial nuclei as well as in the lateral area of the hypothalamus. Intriguingly, nNOS was seen only after the second week of life in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). The most dense and heavily labeled population of cells was found in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OV) and the median preoptic nucleus (MEPO), where most of the somata of the neuroendocrine neurons releasing GnRH and controlling reproduction are located. A great proportion of nNOS‐immunoreactive neurons in the OV/MEPO and ARH were seen to express estrogen receptor (ER) α. Notably, almost all ERα‐immunoreactive cells of the OV/MEPO also expressed nNOS. Moreover, the use of EYFPVglut2, EYFPVgat, and GFPGad67 transgenic mouse lines revealed that, like GnRH neurons, most hypothalamic nNOS neurons have a glutamatergic phenotype, except for nNOS neurons of the ARH, which are GABAergic. Altogether, these observations are consistent with the proposed role of nNOS neurons in physiological processes.
Juxtanodin in retinal pigment epithelial cells: Expression and biological activities in regulating cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton organization
Authors: Liang Fengyi , Hwang Ji Hyun , Tang Nicholas Weiwei , Hunziker Walter
Published: August 2017

Juxtanodin (JN, also known as ermin) was initially identified as an actin cytoskeleton‐related oligodendroglial protein in the rat central nervous system. It was subsequently also found in the rat olfactory neuroepithelium, especially at the apical junctional belt of the sustentacular cells. We further examined JN expression and functional roles in the retina using fluorescence histochemistry, confocal microscopy, immuno‐electron microscopy, molecular biology, and cell culture. Prominent JN expression was found in the photoreceptor‐supporting retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), especially in a zone corresponding to the apices of RPE cells, at the roots of the RPE microvilli, and at the base of RPE cells next to the Bruch's membrane. Partial co‐localization of JN immunoreactivity with F‐actin (labeled with phalloidin) was observed at the apices and bases of RPE cells. No JN was detected in other cell types of the retina. In cultured human RPE cell line ARPE‐19, expression of extrinsic JN up‐regulated formation of actin cytoskeleton stress fibers, caused redistribution of more F‐actin fibers to the cell periphery, and promoted spreading/enlargement of transfected cells. These findings suggest possible roles of JN in RPE molecular transport, phagocytosis and formation of outer blood‐retinal barrier, or possible involvement of JN expression perturbations in pathogenesis of such retinal disorders as proliferative vitreoretinopathy and age‐related macular degeneration.
The reduction of intraepidermal P2X3 nerve fiber density correlates with behavioral hyperalgesia in a rat model of nerve injury‐induced pain
Authors: Bechakra Malik , Schüttenhelm Barthold N. , Pederzani Tiziana , van Doorn Pieter A. , de Zeeuw Chris I. , Jongen Joost L.M.
Published: August 2017

Skin biopsies from patients with neuropathic pain often show changes in epidermal innervation, although it remains to be elucidated to what extent such changes can be linked to a particular subgroup of nerve fibers and how these changes are correlated with pain intensity. Here, we investigated to what extent behavioral signs of hyperalgesia are correlated with immunohistochemical changes of peptidergic and non‐peptidergic epidermal nerve fibers in a rat model of nerve injury‐induced pain. Rats subjected to unilateral partial ligation of the sciatic nerve developed significant mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia as tested by the withdrawal responses of the ipsilateral footpad to von Frey hairs and hotplate stimulation. At day 14, epidermal nerve fiber density and total epidermal nerve fiber length/mm2 were significantly and consistently reduced compared to the contralateral side, following testing and re‐testing by two blinded observers. The expression of calcitonin gene‐related peptide, a marker for peptidergic nerve fibers, was not significantly changed on the ipsilateral side. In contrast, the expression of the P2X3 receptor, a marker for non‐peptidergic nerve fibers, was not only significantly reduced but could also be correlated with behavioral hyperalgesia. When labeling both peptidergic and non‐peptidergic nerve fibers with the pan‐neuronal marker PGP9.5, the expression was significantly reduced, albeit without a significant correlation with behavioral hyperalgesia. In conjunction, our data suggest that the pathology of the P2X3 epidermal nerve fibers can be selectively linked to neuropathy, highlighting the possibility that it is the degeneration of these fibers that drives hyperalgesia.
Evaluation of a 12‐Hour Sustained‐Release Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Formulation: A Randomized, 3‐Way Crossover Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Yue Yong , Collaku Agron , Liu Dongzhou J.
Published: August 2017

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a first‐line treatment for mild and moderate pain. A twice‐daily sustained‐release (SR) formulation may be more convenient for chronic users than standard immediate‐release (IR) acetaminophen. This randomized, 3‐way crossover study evaluated pharmacokinetics and safety of single‐dose 1500‐ and 2000‐mg SR acetaminophen formulations and 2 doses of IR acetaminophen 1000 mg given 6 hours apart in healthy adults (n = 14). Primary outcome was time that plasma acetaminophen concentration was ≥4 μg/mL (TC≥4μg/mL). Key secondary outcomes were area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to time t, when plasma acetaminophen was detectable (AUC0–t), AUC from 0 to infinity (AUC0–inf), and maximum plasma acetaminophen concentration (Cmax). TC≥4μg/mL from 2000‐mg SR acetaminophen was similar to that from 2 doses of IR acetaminophen, whereas TC≥4μg/mL for 1500‐mg SR acetaminophen was significantly shorter than that for IR acetaminophen (P = .004). The extent of acetaminophen absorption from 2000‐mg SR and 2 doses of the IR formulation was similar and within bioequivalence limits with regard to AUC0–12, AUC0–t, and AUC0–inf. The extent of acetaminophen absorption from 1500‐mg SR was significantly lower than that from IR acetaminophen. The 2000‐mg SR represents a potential candidate formulation for 12‐hour dosing with acetaminophen.
Adaptive loss‐less data compression method optimized for GPU decompression
Authors: Funasaka Shunji , Nakano Koji , Ito Yasuaki
Published: August 2017

There is no doubt that data compression is very important in computer engineering. However, most lossless data compression and decompression algorithms are very hard to parallelize, because they use dictionaries updated sequentially. The main contribution of this paper is to present a new lossless data compression method that we call adaptive loss‐less (ALL) data compression. It is designed so that the data compression ratio is moderate, but decompression can be performed very efficiently on the graphics processing unit (GPU). This makes sense for applications such as training of deep learning, in which compressed archived data are decompressed many times. To show the potentiality of ALL data compression method, we have evaluated the running time using five images and five text data and compared ALL with previously published lossless data compression methods implemented in the GPU, Gompresso, CULZSS, and LZW. The data compression ratio of ALL data compression is better than the others for eight data out of these 10 data. Also, our GPU implementation on GeForce GTX 1080 GPU for ALL decompression runs 84.0 to 231 times faster than the CPU implementation on Core i7‐4790 CPU. Further, it runs 1.22 to 23.5 times faster than Gompresso, CULZSS, and LZW running on the same GPU.
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Films with a Tunable Steady‐State Mesophase
Authors: Redzheb Murad A. , Bernstorff Sigrid , Sartori Barbara , Van Der Voort Pascal , Armini Silvia
Published: August 2017

The mesophase formation in spin‐coated periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) films aged at a controlled ambient humidity is investigated by time‐resolved grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS). The investigation demonstrates the existence of a tunable steady state in PMO spin‐coated films. Thus, a film deposited at a relative humidity of 20 % has a lamellar mesophase, whereas a subsequent increase to 70 % leads to a phase transformation resulting in a P63/mmc space group. On the other hand, an increase of the surfactant to organosilica molar ratio of between 0.26 and 0.31 results in films which at 70 % humidity form a mix of 2D and 3D hexagonal phases. A further increase of the surfactant amount leads to films with a 2D hexagonal phase. Finally, the different mesophases observed as a function of the solution aging emphasize the importance of the degree of polycondensation of the organosilica oligomers.
Exploring Electrical Currents through Nanographenes: Visualization and Tuning of the through‐Bond Transmission Paths
Authors: Stuyver Thijs , Blotwijk Nathalie , Fias Stijn , Geerlings Paul , De Proft Frank
Published: August 2017

In this work, electrical currents through nanographenes, a class of alternant hydrocarbons also known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in molecular junctions under small bias are explored. We illustrate that when the π‐current dominates, that is, when no quantum interference takes place, the current prefers the direction of the shortest bond (the bond with the highest double bond character) upon entering the molecule from the contacts. As such, the idea of electrons propagating through double bonds from contact to contact, originating from the curly arrow drawings used in a previously established selection rule for transmission, seems to be more deeply rooted in the actual physical process of electron transport than previously anticipated. Furthermore, this work confirms that the σ‐current behaves completely differently than the π‐current. When this type of current becomes important, that is, when quantum interference takes place, the current generally prefers the shortest path from contact to contact, irrespective of the length of the bonds constituting this path, in accordance with the strong distance dependency of the σ‐current. Finally, it is demonstrated that keto groups (and cross‐conjugating groups in general) can be used to seal off parts of the molecule for the current. No current flows through the sealed off part of the molecule under small bias and it does not influence the transmission spectrum of the considered system.
Green Innovation Strategy and Green Innovation: The Roles of Green Creativity and Green Organizational Identity
Authors: Song Wenhao , Yu Hongyan
Published: August 2017

Modern corporations are faced with many environmental challenges and pressures. Managers of firms have realized that green innovation is an important factor in sustainable development and that it can offer a competitive advantage. This study uses organizational identity and organizational creativity theory to create a theoretical framework for understanding green innovation strategy. The results indicated that green innovation strategy positively influences both green organizational identity and green creativity. Positive relationships are found between green organizational identity and green creativity, and green creativity positively affects green innovation. In addition, we find that green organizational identity partially mediates the relationship between green innovation strategy and green creativity. We also find that green organizational identity fully mediates the relationship between green innovation strategy and green innovation, which means that green innovation strategy does not directly influence green innovation but indirectly stimulates such innovation via green organizational identity. These results suggest that managers should seek to enhance their organizations' sense of green identity and to encourage green creativity, as this will enhance their firm's capability of sustainable development. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are also discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Nanoparticles Embedded in Amphiphilic Membranes for Carbon Dioxide Separation and Dehumidification
Authors: Yong Wai Fen , Ho Yan Xun , Chung Tai‐Shung
Published: August 2017

Polymers containing ethylene oxide (EO) groups have gained significant interest as the EO groups have favorable interactions with polar molecules such as H2O, quadrupolar molecules such as CO2, and metal ions. However, the main challenges of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) membranes are their weak mechanical properties and high crystallinity nature. The amphiphilic copolymer made from PEO terephthalate and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT) comprises both hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments. The hydrophilic PEOT segment is thermosensitive, which facilities gas transports whereas the hydrophobic PBT segment is rigid, which provides mechanical robustness. This work demonstrates a new strategy to design amphiphilic mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) by incorporating zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF‐71, into the PEOT/PBT copolymer. The resultant membrane shows an enhanced CO2permeability with an ideal CO2/N2selectivity surpassing the original PEOT/PBT and Robeson's Upper bound line. The nanoparticles‐embedded amphiphilic membranes exhibit characteristics of high transparency and mechanical robustness. Mechanically strong composite hollow fiber membranes consisting of PEOT/PBT/ZIF‐71 as the selective layer were also prepared. The resultant hollow fibers possess an excellent CO2permeance of 131 GPU (gas permeation units), CO2/N2selectivity of 52.6, H2O permeance of 9300 GPU and H2O/N2selectivity of 3700, showing great potential for industrial CO2capture and dehumidification.
Performance analysis of AF OFDM system using multiple relay in presence of nonlinear‐PA over inid Nakagami‐m fading
Authors: Singya Praveen Kumar , Kumar Nagendra , Bhatia Vimal
Published: August 2017

In this paper, performance of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing–based variable‐gain amplify and forward cooperative system using multiple relay with relay selection is analyzed over independent but not necessarily identically distributed frequency selective Nakagami‐m fading channels. For the analysis, nonlinear power amplifier is considered at the relay, and selection combining is adopted at destination node. Closed‐form expressions of the outage probability for various threshold signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values and average symbol error rate for M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation techniques are derived for the considered system. Further, the outage probability analysis is performed in high SNR regime to obtain the diversity order. Furthermore, impact of different fading parameters, multiple relay, and nonlinear power amplifier is highlighted on the outage probability and asymptotic outage probability for various threshold SNRs and on the average symbol error rate for various quadrature amplitude modulation constellations. The derived analytical expressions are generalized for various fading environments while considering the integer‐valued fading parameters. Finally, all the analytical results are verified through the Monte Carlo simulations for various SNR levels and system configurations.
Peptide Mimetic Drugs for Modulating Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Authors: Nellenbach Kimberly , Brown Ashley C.
Published: August 2017

Preclinical Research

Hemostasis is the complex physiological process that stems bleeding at an injury site while simultaneously maintaining unobstructed circulation in other areas of the body. This system is kept in balance with finely tuned regulation by pro‐ and antithrombotic agents. When this balance is thrown out of equilibrium, uncontrolled bleeding, or thrombotic complications can occur. Because of the high number of hemostatic disorders, researchers are continually searching for improved technologies for controlling coagulation. Recently, peptide mimetic strategies have been employed to target and regulate various stages of the coagulation cascade. In this review, we present an overview of the coagulation cascade and provide a summary of various peptide‐mimetic approaches for its modulation. Drug Dev Res 78 : 236–244, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent findings on fulminant type 1 diabetes
Authors: Liu Lan , Zeng Ling , Sang Dan , Lu Zeyuan , Shen Jie
Published: August 2017

Fulminant type 1 diabetes (fT1D) is a new subtype of type 1 diabetes proposed by Imagawa in 2000. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by a markedly rapid and almost complete destruction of pancreatic β cells. Metabolic derangement is more severe in this subtype than in autoimmune type 1 diabetes. The incidence of fT1D is associated with HLA DRB1*04:05DQB1*04:01; both innate and acquired immune disorders might contribute to the development of fT1D. The presence of specific innate immune responses to enterovirus infection connected with enhanced adaptive immune pathways responsible for aggressive β cell toxicity in fT1D. The process of β cell destruction is extremely rapid in fT1D, and the insulin secretary capacity rarely recovers after the onset. The serum glycated albumin to glycated haemoglobin ratio is significantly higher in fT1D; a cut‐off value of 3.2 for serum glycated albumin to glycated haemoglobin ratio yielded 97% sensitivity and 98% specificity for differentiating fT1D from type 2 diabetes. Fulminant type 1 diabetes is associated with pregnancy. This article also updates the diagnostic criteria for fT1D by the Japanese Diabetes Association in 2012.
Effects of livestock grazing on rangeland biodiversity: A meta‐analysis of grouse populations
Authors: Dettenmaier Seth J. , Messmer Terry A. , Hovick Torre J. , Dahlgren David K.
Published: August 2017

Livestock grazing affects over 60% of the world's agricultural lands and can influence rangeland ecosystem services and the quantity and quality of wildlife habitat, resulting in changes in biodiversity. Concomitantly, livestock grazing has the potential to be detrimental to some wildlife species while benefiting other rangeland organisms. Many imperiled grouse species require rangeland landscapes that exhibit diverse vegetation structure and composition to complete their life cycle. However, because of declining populations and reduced distributions, grouse are increasingly becoming a worldwide conservation concern. Grouse, as a suite of upland gamebirds, are often considered an umbrella species for other wildlife and thus used as indicators of rangeland health. With a projected increase in demand for livestock products, better information will be required to mitigate the anthropogenic effects of livestock grazing on rangeland biodiversity. To address this need, we completed a data‐driven and systematic review of the peer‐reviewed literature to determine the current knowledge of the effects of livestock grazing on grouse populations (i.e., chick production and population indices) worldwide. Our meta‐analysis revealed an overall negative effect of livestock grazing on grouse populations. Perhaps more importantly, we identified an information void regarding the effects of livestock grazing on the majority of grouse species. Additionally, the reported indirect effects of livestock grazing on grouse species were inconclusive and more reflective of differences in the experimental design of the available studies. Future studies designed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of livestock grazing on wildlife should document (i) livestock type, (ii) timing and frequency of grazing, (iii) duration, and (iv) stocking rate. Much of this information was lacking in the available published studies we reviewed, but is essential when making comparisons between different livestock grazing management practices and their potential impacts on rangeland biodiversity.
Secondary invasion: When invasion success is contingent on other invaders altering the properties of recipient ecosystems
Authors: O'Loughlin Luke S. , Green Peter T.
Published: August 2017

Positive interactions between exotic species may increase ecosystem‐level impacts and potentially facilitate the entry and spread of other exotic species. Invader‐facilitated invasion success—”secondary invasion”—is a key conceptual aspect of the well‐known invasional meltdown hypothesis, but remains poorly defined and empirically underexplored. Drawing from heuristic models and published empirical studies, we explore this form of “secondary invasion” and discuss the phenomenon within the recognized conceptual framework of the determinants of invasion success. The term “secondary invasion” has been used haphazardly in the literature to refer to multiple invasion phenomena, most of which have other more accepted titles. Our usage of the term secondary invasion is akin to “invader‐facilitated invasion,” which we define as the phenomenon in which the invasion success of one exotic species is contingent on the presence, influence, and impacts of one or more other exotic species. We present case studies of secondary invasion whereby primary invaders facilitate the entry or establishment of exotic species into communities where they were previously excluded from becoming invasive. Our synthesis, discussion, and conceptual framework of this type of secondary invasion provides a useful reference to better explain how invasive species can alter key properties of recipient ecosystems that can ultimately determine the invasion success of other species. This study increases our appreciation for complex interactions following invasion and highlights the impacts of invasive species themselves as possible determinants of invasion success. We anticipate that highlighting “secondary invasion” in this way will enable studies reporting similar phenomena to be identified and linked through consistent terminology.
Improvement in Pattern Separation by Regulating Neurogenesis in Hippocampal Culture
Authors: TANAKA YUKIMI , KADOKURA TOMONOSUKE , ISOMURA TAKUYA , SHIMBA KENTA , KOTANI KIYOSHI , JIMBO YASUHIKO
Published: August 2017

The newly generated neurons in adult animals are known to enhance the pattern separation capability. However, it remains unclear how the newborn neurons change the activity patterns in neuronal networks during pattern separation. To verify the change of whole neuronal network activity, the in vitro neurogenesis model is useful because it can be observed and controlled. To develop the in vitro neurogenesis model, we modulated the amount of newly generated neurons in cultures by applying basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or cytarabine (Ara‐C). To investigate the pattern separation capability, the neural cultures were tetanized with two spatial‐pattern stimuli, and then the changes in neural response evoked by different patterns were evaluated using a microelectrode array. We confirmed that the doublecortin expression in cultures with bFGF was more upregulated than the culture with Ara‐C, indicating that bFGF promoted neurogenesis. We found that the enhanced neurogenesis contributed the clusters of neuronal networks to specialize their responses to one of two spatial‐pattern stimuli after tetanization, while the entire response tended to shift toward the immediately preceding pattern without neurogenesis. These results suggest that the property of newly generated neurons that they only respond to the specific pattern unlike mature neurons enhances the pattern separation capability of the entire network.
Reduction of Suspended Particles in Closed Space with Electrostatic Precipitator
Authors: KAWADA YOSHIHIRO , SHIMIZU HIROTAKA
Published: August 2017

Electrostatic precipitators are suitable for using large gas flow rate due to low pressure drop as compared with other precipitators such as fabric filter. For a cigarette smoking area, an electrostatic spray coating booth, a smoke filled room because of fire, the closed space with particulate‐laden atmosphere, it is necessary for minimum volume to install air cleaner. In this work, electrostatic precipitator is tested for the influence of treated gas flow rate on suspended particle concentration decrement in a closed space. This present version electrostatic precipitator is only corona discharge unit for required simplification and smaller precipitator. An acrylic box (125 liter capacity) is used as a closed space. As results, in case of using electrostatic precipitator in a closed space with washable walls, it has been shown that particle concentration decrement rate increases with increasing gas flow rate of electrostatic precipitator.
Development of Automated Flow Measurement System for Cell‐based Odor Sensor
Authors: SUKEKAWA YUJI , MUJIONO TOTOK , NAKAMOTO TAKAMICHI , MITSUNO HIDEFUMI , NAKAJIMA YUKO , KANZAKI RYOHEI , MISAWA NOBUO
Published: August 2017

Odor sensing system with high sensitivity and selectivity is expected to be realized by using biological mechanisms such as olfactory receptor. We have already developed a cell‐based odor sensing system which acquires odorant concentration as a fluorescent intensity change. In the measurement, however, an artifact is likely to happen due to lack of stable and reproducible methods for delivering odorants to biological cells. Therefore, we developed and evaluated the automated flow measurement system which can simultaneously control pump, solenoid valve, and camera. Our system realized automation of solution supply and fluorescent measurement. As a result, our system could reduce artifacts and repeatedly performed measurements with the same sensor cells.
Development of Virus Concentration Device by Controlling Ion Depletion Zone for Ultrasensitive Virus Sensing
Authors: MOGI KATSUO , HAYASHIDA KEI , HONDA AYAE , YAMAMOTO TAKATOKI
Published: August 2017

Developing a new concentration technique of virus, which is continuous, quick, easy, mobile, and low cost and energy, is one of the key issue to realize high‐sensitive virus sensing to prevent infectious diseases. In this work, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a concentration device for virus using ion depletion zone generated by ion concentration polarization. The performance of the method was evaluated by using fluorescent nanoparticles, baculovirus, albumin, and dextran. As the result, all the samples were successfully concentrated by the proposed method. We also found that the area of ion depletion zone was controlled by flow rate and applied voltage, which may lead not only concentration but also separation by creating a network of ion depletion zones, in the future.
Coordination of Trivalent Lanthanides with Bismalonamide Ligands: Implications for Liquid–Liquid Extraction
Authors: Tyumentsev Mikhail S. , Foreman Mark R. St. J. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Cordes David B. , Savolainen Otto , Ylmén Rikard , Steenari Britt‐Marie , Ekberg Christian
Published: August 2017

The complexation of the bismalonamide ligand 2,2′‐[1,2‐phenylenebis(methylene)]bis(N,N,N′,N′‐tetraethylmalonamide) (L), bearing two C‐alkylated N,N,N′,N′‐tetraethylmalonamide groups, onto an ortho‐xylylene [C6H4(CH2)2] platform with trivalent lanthanides was investigated, both in solid and solution states. The crystal structures [Nd2(NO3)6L2]·(CH3CN)3 (2), [Nd2(NO3)4L2]·[Nd(NO3)5]·(CH3CN)1.5 (3), Ce(NO3)3L2 (4), and [NdL2]·(ClO4)3·C2H5OH (5) were analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The ortho‐bismalonamide (L) is tetradentate in structures 2, 3, and 5 and bidentate in 4 only. It was found that structures 2 and 3 are composed of dimeric species. According to electrospray‐ionization mass spectrometry, the dimers are prevailing in acetonitrile solutions. The polydentate coordination of the ortho‐bismalonamide (L) with trivalent lanthanides suggests that an entropy effect favors liquid–liquid extraction of metal ions with this type of ligand.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Phosphinecarboxamides by Reaction of 2‐Phosphaethynolate Anion and Amines under Acid‐Free Conditions: A Combined Scope and Mechanism Investigation
Authors: Wu Yong‐Hui , Li Zhi‐Feng , Wang Wen‐Peng , Wang Xi‐Cun , Quan Zheng‐Jun
Published: August 2017

The reaction of the 2‐phosphaethynolate anion and primary amines for the mechanochemical synthesis of phosphinecarboxamides was studied. The reaction has its own merits, such as rapid reaction rate, high yield, mild and acid‐free conditions. The mechanochemical strategy offers a solvent‐free reaction environment with real‐time monitoring of the parameters, optimizing the reaction conditions and studying the mechanism without requiring further workup. The mechanism was investigated with use of IR, 13C NMR, and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
Uniform‐sized neurosphere‐mediated motoneuron differentiation in microwell arrays
Authors: Lee Jong Min , Moon Joo Yoon , Shaker Mohammed R. , Sun Woong , Chung Bong Geun
Published: August 2017

We developed the photocrosslinkable hydrogel microwell arrays for uniform‐sized neurosphere‐mediated motoneuron differentiation. Neural stem cells (NSCs) were obtained from embryonic cerebral cortex and spinal cord. To generate uniform‐sized neurospheres in a homogeneous manner, the dissociated cells were cultured in the hydrogel microwell arrays for 3 days. Uniform‐sized neurospheres harvested from microwell arrays were replated into laminin‐coated substrate. In parallel, uniform‐sized neurospheres cultured in microwell arrays were encapsulated by photocrosslinkable gelatin methacrylate hydrogels in a three‐dimensional manner. We demonstrated the effect of hydrogel microwell sizes (e.g., 50, 100, 150 μm in diameter) on motoneuron differentiation, showing that the largest uniform‐sized neurospheres derived from embryonic spinal cord efficiently differentiated into motoneurons. Therefore, this hydrogel microwell array could be a powerful array to regulate the uniform‐sized neurosphere‐mediated motoneuron differentiation.