bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MICROPLÁSTICOS, SEUS IMPACTOS NO AMBIENTE E MANEIRAS BIODEGRADÁVEIS DE SUBSTITUIÇÃO.
Authors: Bitencourt Belo Isabela Cristina , Penido de Andrade Bruna Neves , Araújo Miranda João Pedro , Drumond Priscila Costa
Published: September 2021

Resumo: Microplásticos são partículas de plástico encontradas geralmente com tamanho inferior a 5mm e são oriundos da fragmentação de plásticos maiores. Esse tipo de material é um dos principais poluentes do ambiente aquático e terrestre, pois altera a composição bioquímica do biossistema, assim prejudicando o ecossistema da região e consequentemente a saúde humana quando ingerido e/ou aspirado. O microplástico, quando presente no ambiente, atua como captador de Poluentes Orgânicos Persistentes (POP) altamente nocivos e tóxicos e estão ligados a disfunções hormonais, imunológicas e reprodutivas na fauna, flora, microbiota e na saúde humana. O microplástico é encontrado em muitos produtos ligados aos cosméticos e de higiene pessoal  utilizados no cotidiano, como em: cremes dentais, sabonetes corporais e faciais, produtos esfoliantes e glitter; tais podem ser substituídos por produtos naturais, ou por microplástico biodegradável. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os processos de produção de microplástico biodegradável, cujos componentes sejam derivados de matéria-prima renovável, além de outros compostos ecologicamente corretos e conscientizar as pessoas sobre os efeitos do microplástico na saúde humana, na microbiota, na fauna e na flora mostrando maneiras de substituí-lo.Palavras-chave: Plástico, Natureza, Ecologicamente correto, Alternativas.
Interaction of School and Family in Teaching and Upbringing of Hyperactive Students of Educational Institutions
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Makovetska Anastasia
Published: September 2021

The article has generalized scientific views on the concept of hyperactivity, the main features of hyperactive behaviour, and the main elements of the system of the interaction between school and family when teaching and upbringing hyperactive students. Active development and personal stimulation of hyperactive students with the help of common work of their parents and teaching staff (partnership with a family) have been emphasized. The research has focused on the levels of parents’ involvement in partnership with the educational institution in the process of education and upbringing of hyperactive students: awareness and participation in school activities. The system of partnership between family and school in education and upbringing of hyperactive students as the purposeful influence of the school and social environment on each other, which promotes mutual enrichment, strengthening of educational potential of interacting systems, has been revealed. It has been defined that one of the main factors which help to engage parents in teaching hyperactive students is informing them about their children’s achievements. The level of teachers’ interest in success of such students, positive atmosphere at school and efforts put in the development of work with the parents, as well as the degree to which the parents are interested in their children’s success and in themselves as teachers of their own child are of great importance.
Gender and Law Culture of Future Law Enforcement Specialists
Authors:   Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E. O. Didorenko, Khairulina Nailia , Dubova Hanna ,   Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E. O. Didorenko
Published: September 2021

The article considers the semiotic nature of gender and law culture, focuses on the synthetic nature of this term, and provides alternative definitions of such concepts as «gender» and «culture». Highlighting the essence of the proposed word from a semiotic perspective, the authors of the article give examples of the main elements that form the paradigm of gender and law culture. The practical part of the article is devoted to analyzing the proposed phenomenon as a psychological and pedagogical problem. Taking into account that modern conditions of social development are associated with changing social and economic, and criminal complications, as a result of which society is interested in the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies operating based on legality, humanism, transparency, the presumption of innocence, resilience, the subject matter of the research is viewed as undeniably topical today. The analysis of the scientific literature in gender and law made it possible to specify the concept of «gender and law culture of future law enforcement professionals», which, in particular, refers to the issues of forming a gender culture of future law enforcement professionals. It is considered to be an integral quality of personality determined by the specifics of law enforcement, reflecting comprehensive knowledge of the nature and legal regulation of gender aspects in current Ukrainian legislation and readiness to ensure further functioning of gender-sensitive practices and principles of non-discrimination in law enforcement activities based on legal attitudes and compliance with official duties.
Reanimating the plague
Authors: Fielder Tom , van Munsteren Lizaveta
Published: September 2021

The idea of ‘plague’ has returned to public consciousness with the arrival of COVID-19. An anachronistic and extremely problematic concept for thinking about biopolitical catastrophe, plague nevertheless offers an enormous historical range and a potentially highly generative metaphorical framework for psychosocial studies to engage with, for example, through Albert Camus’ (2013) The Plague and Sophocles’ (2015) Oedipus The King. It is, moreover, a word that is likely to remain firmly within the remit of public consciousness as we move further into the Anthropocene, to face further pandemics and the spectre of antibiotic resistance. A return to plague also opens up the question of a return to psychoanalysis, which Freud is often cited as having described as a ‘plague’. Psychoanalysis is, like plague, a troubling and problematic discourse for psychosocial studies, but, like plague, it may also help us to work through the disorders and dis-eases of COVID times. In fact, if the recent pandemic has reanimated the notion of plague, the plague metaphor may in turn help to reanimate psychoanalysis, and in this article we suggest some of the analogical, even genealogical, resonances of such an implication.
Radiation pressure on single atoms: generalization of an exact analytical approach to multilevel atoms
Authors: Podlecki L. , Martin J. , Bastin T.
Published: September 2021

In a recent work, we provided a standardized and exact analytical
formalism for computing in the semiclassical and asymptotic regime,
the radiation force experienced by a two-level atom interacting with
any number of plane waves with arbitrary intensities, frequencies,
phases, and propagation directions [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
35, 127 (2018)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.35.000127].
Here, we extend this treatment to the multilevel atom case, where
degeneracy of the atomic levels is considered and polarization of
light enters into play. A matrix formalism is developed to this
aim.
Voltage triggered near-infrared light modulation using VO2 thin film
Authors: Bayram Ferhat , Gajula Durga , Khan Digangana , Uppalapati Balaadithya , Azad Samee , Koley Goutam
Published: September 2021

Development of compact and fast modulators of infrared light has garnered strong research interests in recent years due to their potential applications in communication, imaging, and sensing. In this study, electric field induced fast modulation near-infrared light caused by phase change in VO2 thin films grown on GaN suspended membranes has been reported. It was observed that metal insulator transition caused by temperature change or application of electric field, using an interdigitated finger geometry, resulted in 7% and 14% reduction in transmitted light intensity at near-infrared wavelengths of 790 and 1550 nm, respectively. Near-infrared light modulation has been demonstrated with voltage pulse widths down to 300 µs at 25 V magnitude. Finite element simulations performed on the suspended membrane modulator indicate a combination of the Joule heating and electric field is responsible for the phase transition.
Surpassing the diffraction limit using an external aperture modulation subsystem and related deep learning method
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Dan , Wang Na , He Jinping
Published: September 2021

The resolution of conventional imaging systems is inherently restricted by the diffraction limit. To surpass this diffraction barrier, a scheme using an external aperture modulation subsystem (EAMS) and related deep learning network (DLN) is presented in this paper. The EAMS facilitates the realization of various image acquisition strategies and related DLN architectures. In the specific scenario of 3-aperture modulation strategy, the capabilities of this approach are validated both in numerical simulations and experiments. The results show that both the resolution enhancement ability and the image fidelity can be improved by just adding one label data. This framework proposed here provides a more general way to further explore the ability of DLN-based method to surpass the diffraction limit, and permits a rapid data acquisition that enables new opportunities for the training data collection and further super resolution imaging of label-free moving objects, such as living cells.
Strengthening practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution against measurement angular error
Authors: Shen Tao , Huang Yundi , Wang Xiangyu , Tian Huiping , Chen Ziyang , Yu Song
Published: September 2021

The optical phase shifter that constantly rotates the local oscillator phase is a necessity in continuous-variable quantum key distribution systems with heterodyne detection. In previous experimental implementations, the optical phase shifter is generally regarded as an ideal passive optical device that perfectly rotates the phase of the electromagnetic wave of

90
∘

. However, the optical phase shifter in practice introduces imperfections, mainly the measurement angular error, which inevitably deteriorates the security of the practical systems. Here, we will give a concrete interpretation of measurement angular error in practical systems and the corresponding entanglement-based description. Subsequently, from the parameter estimation, we deduce the overestimated excess noise and the underestimated transmittance, which lead to a reduction in the final secret key rate. Simultaneously, we propose an estimation method of the measurement angular error. Next, the practical security analysis is provided in detail, and the effect of the measurement angular error and its corresponding compensation scheme are demonstrated. We conclude that measurement angular error severely degrades the security, but the proposed calibration and compensation method can significantly help improve the performance of the practical CV-QKD systems.
Experimental quantification of the robustness of adiabatic rapid passage for quantum state inversion in semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Ramachandran A. , Fraser-Leach J. , O’Neal S. , Deppe D. G. , Hall K. C.
Published: September 2021

Adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) is demonstrated in a single In(Ga)As quantum dot (QD) over a wide range of laser tuning relative to the exciton transition energy to assess the level of robustness of this quantum state inversion gate for practical QD systems. Our experiments indicate a drop in exciton inversion by only 5% for a detuning of 9.3 meV, indicating accessible detunings that span the typical inhomogeneous broadening of self-assembled QD ensembles. Our findings indicate that ARP is an ideal control protocol for synchronous triggering of quantum light sources for applications in photonic quantum technology.
Advanced and versatile interferometric technique for the characterization of photonic integrated devices
Authors: Bru Luis A. , Pastor Daniel , Muñoz Pascual
Published: September 2021

Adaptable and complex optical characterization of photonic integrated devices, permitting to unearth possible design and fabrication errors in the different workflow steps are highly desired in the community. Here, we propose a technique capable of resolving full optical amplitude and phase response, in both frequency and time domains, of a photonic integrated device. It relies on optical frequency domain interferometry and makes use of a novel integrated architecture; a 3-way interferometer enabling single input and single output detection. We derive the test structure design rules and provide extensive experimental validation in silicon nitride and silicon on insulator technologies, by testing relevant devices such as arrayed waveguide grating, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and ring resonators. Horizontal and vertical chip coupling, different external setup arrangements, and the optical dispersion de-embedding inherent to the technique are demonstrated. Finally, we discuss why this characterization approach might lay the groundwork of a standard testing tool for photonic integrated devices.
Learning brain dynamics for decoding and predicting individual differences
Authors: Misra Joyneel , Surampudi Srinivas Govinda , Venkatesh Manasij , Limbachia Chirag , Jaja Joseph , Pessoa Luiz
Published: September 2021

Insights from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), as well as recordings of large numbers of neurons, reveal that many cognitive, emotional, and motor functions depend on the multivariate interactions of brain signals. Todecodebrain dynamics, we propose an architecture based on recurrent neural networks to uncover distributed spatiotemporal signatures. We demonstrate the potential of the approach using human fMRI data during movie-watching data and a continuous experimental paradigm. The model was able to learn spatiotemporal patterns that supported 15-way movie-clip classification (∼90%) at the level of brain regions, and binary classification of experimental conditions (∼60%) at the level of voxels. The model was also able to learn individual differences in measures of fluid intelligence and verbal IQ at levels comparable to that of existing techniques. We propose a dimensionality reduction approach that uncovers low-dimensional trajectories and captures essential informational (i.e., classification related) properties of brain dynamics. Finally,saliencymaps and lesion analysis were employed to characterize brain-region/voxel importance, and uncovered how dynamic but consistent changes in fMRI activation influenced decoding performance. When applied at the level of voxels, our framework implements a dynamic version of multivariate pattern analysis. Our approach provides a framework for visualizing, analyzing, and discovering dynamic spatially distributed brain representations during naturalistic conditions.
Glycemic profile and associated factors in indigenous Munduruku, Amazonas
Authors: Gomes Hanna Lorena Moraes , Sombra Neuliane Melo , Cordeiro Eliza Dayanne de Oliveira , Filho Zilmar Augusto de Souza , Toledo Noeli das Neves , Mainbourg Evelyne Marie Therese , Sousa António Manuel , de Almeida Gilsirene Scantelbury
Published: September 2021

Objective

To evaluate the glycemic profile and its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and lifestyle factors of Munduruku indigenous people.

Method

Cross-sectional study with a quantitative and analytical approach, a total of 459 indigenous people (57.1% men, aged 36.3 ± 14.7 years old) belonging to the Munduruku ethnic group from the Kwatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land, in Amazonas, Brazil, were selected by probabilistic sampling in all households in the four most populous villages. Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, blood pressure levels and lipid profile were evaluated. Fasting capillary blood glucose was measured with a digital device. The associations were assessed by multinomial logistic regression, and p-values≤0.05 were considered significant.

Results

For pre-diabetes, prevalence was 74.3% and, for diabetes, 12.2%. The variables associated with the risk for pre-diabetes were the following: age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.00 – 1.06) and obesity (OR = 9.69; 95% CI = 1.28 – 73.58). The positive associations indicating risk for diabetes were as follows: age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03 – 1.08), overweight (OR = 4.17; 95% CI = 1.69 – 10.32) and obesity (OR = 35.26; 95% CI = 4.12 – 302.08).

Conclusions

The risks associated with pre-diabetes and diabetes among the Munduruku indigenous people revealed a worrying index. It is necessary to consider changes in eating habits and lifestyle, as well as possible environmental and social changes that can affect this and other groups, with emphasis on those who live in vulnerable conditions.
Pure T-cell mediated rejection following kidney transplant according to response to treatment
Authors: Kwon Hyunwook , Kim Young Hoon , Ko Youngmin , Lim Seong Jun , Jung Joo Hee , Baek Chung Hee , Kim Hyosang , Park Su-Kil , Shin Sung , Cho Yong-Pil
Published: September 2021

The focus of studies on kidney transplantation (KT) has largely shifted from T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) to antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). However, there are still cases of pure acute TCMR in histological reports, even after a long time following transplant. We thus evaluated the impact of pure TCMR on graft survival (GS) according to treatment response. We also performed molecular diagnosis using a molecular microscope diagnostic system on a separate group of 23 patients. A total of 63 patients were divided into non-responders (N = 22) and responders (N = 44). Non-response to rejection treatment was significantly associated with the following factors: glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at biopsy, ΔGFR, TCMR within one year, t score, and IF/TA score. We also found that non-responder vs. responder (OR = 3.31;P =0.036) and lower GFR at biopsy (OR = 0.56;P =0.026) were independent risk factors of graft failure. The responders had a significantly superior overall GS rate compared with the non-responders (P= 0.004). Molecular assessment showed a good correlation with histologic diagnosis in ABMR, but not in TCMR. Solitary TCMR was a significant risk factor of graft failure in patients who did not respond to rejection treatment.
Longitudinal detection of somatic mutations in saliva and plasma for the surveillance of oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Cui Ying , Kim Hae-Suk , Cho Eunae Sandra , Han Dawool , Park Jung Ah , Park Ju Yeong , Nam Woong , Kim Hyung Jun , Cha In-Ho , Cha Yong Hoon
Published: September 2021

Purposes

Although clinical and radiological examinations can be used to diagnose oral cancer, and surgical pathology remains the gold standard, these conventional methods have limitations. We evaluated the feasibility of longitudinal next-generation sequencing-based liquid biopsy for oral squamous cell carcinoma surveillance.

Materials and methods

Eleven patients were enrolled, and plasma and saliva were collected before, and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Tumor-specific mutations were selected using paired, whole-exome analyses of tumor tissues and whole blood. Genes frequently mutated in head and neck cancer were identified using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) databases to design targeted deep sequencing panels.

Results

In five of the six patients with recurrent cancer, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was detected earlier with liquid biopsy than with conventional monitoring techniques. Moreover, patients without recurrence exhibited decreased ctDNA allele frequency post-treatment.

Conclusions

Longitudinal liquid biopsy of plasma and saliva may be feasible for detecting somatic mutations associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas. It might be attributable to determine early tumor recurrence through genetic analysis of ctDNA.
Investigating sensory response to physical discomfort in children with autism spectrum disorder using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Schudlo Larissa C. , Anagnostou Evdokia , Chau Tom , Doyle-Thomas Krissy
Published: September 2021

Self-reporting of pain can be difficult in populations with communication challenges or atypical sensory processing, such as children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Consequently, pain can go untreated. An objective method to identify discomfort would be valuable to individuals unable to express or recognize their own bodily distress. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a brain-imaging modality that is suited for this application. We evaluated the potential of detecting a cortical response to discomfort in the ASD population using NIRS. Using a continuous-wave spectrometer, prefrontal and parietal measures were collected from 15 males with ASD and 7 typically developing (TD) males 10–15 years of age. Participants were exposed to a noxious cold stimulus by immersing their hands in cold water and tepid water as a baseline task. Across all participants, the magnitude and timing of the cold and tepid water-induced brain responses were significantly different (p < 0.001). The effect of the task on the brain response depended on the study group (group x task: p < 0.001), with the ASD group exhibiting a blunted response to the cold stimulus. Findings suggest that NIRS may serve as a tool for objective pain assessment and atypical sensory processing.
Incidence rates of digestive cancers among U.S. military servicemen: Comparison with the rates in the general U.S. population
Authors: Bytnar Julie A. , Shriver Craig D. , Zhu Kangmin
Published: September 2021

Background

Digestive cancers greatly contribute to the cancer burden in the United States. These cancers are more common among men and some are increasing among adults under age 50. Military population, which is dominantly male and young, and general populations differ in exposure to risk factors for these cancers. However, no studies have systematically investigated whether the incidence rates of these cancers differ between the two populations. This study aimed to compare incidence rates and trends of select digestive cancers between active-duty military and general populations in men aged 20–59 years.

Methods

Data were from the Department of Defenses’ Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 (SEER-9) registries. Age-adjusted incidence rates of colorectal, stomach, liver, and pancreatic cancers among men aged 20–59 years during 1990–2013 were compared between the two populations. Stratified analyses by age were done for colorectal and stomach cancers. The joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to examine temporal trends for colorectal cancer.

Results

The age-adjusted incidence rates of colorectal, stomach, liver, and pancreatic cancers were overall lower among active-duty than SEER (IRR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.81–0.92; IRR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.55–0.76; IRR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.30–0.49; IRR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.41–0.62, respectively). This was observed in the groups of both ages 20–39 and 40–59 years for stomach cancer, and in the group of ages 40–59 years for colorectal cancer. The incidence rates of colorectal cancer tended to decrease since 2008 in ACTUR.

Conclusion

The incidence rates for selected digestive cancers overall were lower in the active-duty military population than the U.S. general population. This study highlights the need for more research enhancing our understanding of variations in these cancers between the two populations.
Health care workers intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Angelo Abiy Tadesse , Alemayehu Daniel Shiferaw , Dachew Aklilu Mamo
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Health care workers are the most affected part of the world population due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries prioritize vaccinating health workers against COVID-19 because of their susceptibility to the virus. However, the acceptability of the vaccine varies across populations. Thus, this study aimed to determine the health care worker’s intentions to accept the COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health care workers in public hospitals in southwestern Ethiopia from March 15 to 28, 2021. A simple random sampling method was used to select 405 participants from each hospital. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, such as frequency and percentage, were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was also performed to identify factors associated with health care worker’s intention to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Statistically significant variables were selected based on p-values (<0.05) and the adjusted odds ratio was used to describe the strength of association with 95% confidence intervals.

Result

Among the respondents, 48.4% [95% CI: 38.6, 58.2] of health care workers intended to accept COVID-19. Intention to accept COVID-19 vaccination was significantly associated with physicians (AOR = 9.27, 95% CI: 1.27–27.32), professionals with a history of chronic illness (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 2.02–8.21), perceived degree of risk of COVID-19 infection (AOR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.26–16.98), positive attitude toward COVID-19 prevention (AOR = 6.08, 95% CI: 3.39–10.91) and good preventive practices (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.58–5.08).

Conclusion

In this study, the intention of health care workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was low. Professional types, history of chronic illness, perceived degree of risk to COVID-19 infection, attitude toward COVID-19 and preventive practices were found to be factors for intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine in professionals. It is important to consider professional types, history of chronic illness, perceived degree of risk to COVID-19, attitude of professionals and preventive behaviors to improve the intention of professionals’ vaccine acceptance.
Spray mist reduction by means of a high-volume evacuation system—Results of an experimental study
Authors: Koch Martin , Graetz Christian
Published: September 2021

Objectives

High-speed tooth preparation requires effective cooling to avoid thermal damage, which generates spray mist, which is a mixture of an aerosol, droplets and particles of different sizes. The aim of this experimental study was to analyze the efficacy of spray mist reduction with an intraoral high-volume evacuation system (HVE) during simulated high-speed tooth preparation for suboptimal versus optimal suction positions of 16 mm sized cannulas and different flow rates of the HVE.

Material and methods

In a manikin head, the upper first premolar was prepared with a dental turbine, and generated particles of 5–50 microns were analyzed fifty millimeters above the mouth opening with the shadow imaging technique (frame: 6.6×5.3×1.1 mm). This setup was chosen to generate a reproducible spray mist in a vertical direction towards an imaginary operator head (worst case scenario). The flow rate (FR) of the HVE was categorized into five levels (≤120 l/min up to 330 l/min). The number of particles per second (NP; p/s) was counted, and the mass volume flow of particles per second (MVF; μg/s*cm3) was calculated for 10 sec. Statistical tests were nonparametric and two-sided (p≤0.05).

Results

With increasing flow rate, the NP/MVF values decreased significantly (eta: 0.671/0.678; p≤0.001). Using a suboptimally positioned cannula with an FR≤160 l/min, significantly higher NP values (mean±SD) of 731.67±54.24 p/s (p≤0.019) and an MVF of 3.72±0.42 μg/s*cm3 (p≤0.010) were measured compared to those of the optimal cannula position and FR≥300 l/min (NP/MVF: 0/0). No significant difference in NP and MVF was measurable between FR≥250 l/min and FR>300 l/min (p = 0.652, p = 0.664).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the current experimental study, intraoral high-flow rate suction with ≥300 l/min with an HVE effectively reduced 5–50 μm sized particles of the spray mist induced by high-speed tooth preparation with a dental turbine.
Identification of single nucleotide polymorphism c.957A>C of PLAG1 gene and its association with growth traits in Bali cattle
Authors: Putra I. G. R. , Sari D. A. , Rachmawati S. M. , Oktaviani R. , Noor R. R. , Jakaria J.
Published: September 2021

The PLAG1 gene is one of the genes that affect the growth traits located on chromosome 14 in cattle. This study aims to obtain SNP of the PLAG1 gene in exon 1 and exon 2 and their association with growth traits in Bali cattle. The number of samples used was 52 samples of Bali cattle, 10 samples of Peranakan Ongole (PO), and 8 samples of Limousine cattle. Identification of SNPs PLAG1 gene was analyzed by direct sequencing method and genotyping of selected SNPs was carried out using PCR-RFLP. Association of genotypes of SNP c.957A>C with growth using t-test. There were 7 SNPs in exon 2 of the PLAG1 gene, namely SNP c.339A>G, c.489C>T, c.795A>G, c.957A>C, c.1023C>T, c.1056A>G, and c.1353A>G. SNP c.957A>C was validated by PCR-RFLP using TaqI enzyme and obtained three genotypes, namely genotypes AA, AC, and CC with allele frequency A and C, respec-tively 0.10 and 0.90 in Bali cattle, while in PO and Limousine cattle were monomorphic. Genotype association of SNP c.957A>C PLAG1 gene were not associated with birth weight (BW0), weaning weight at 205 days of age (WW205), yearling weight at 365 days of age (YW365), yearling weight at 730 days of age (YW730), and average daily gain (ADG). SNP c.957A>C as a specific SNP for Bali cattle needs to be investigated in further research as a candidate marker for growth traits in Bali cattle.
Natural Compounds Activities against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro through Bioinformatics Approaches for Development of Antivirus Candidates
Authors: Fakih Taufik Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 appears as a pandemic that has spread to almost all countries in the world. Antiviral therapy using natural compounds is one alternative approach to overcome this infectious disease. The therapeutic mechanism is proven effective against the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. This research aims to perform bioinformatics studies, including ligand-docking simulations and protein-protein docking simulations, to identify, evaluate, and explore five compounds' activity on SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and their effects against Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2). Protein-ligand docking simulations show kaempferol, flavonol, and their glycosides (Afzelin and Juglanin) and other flavonoids (Quercetin, Naringenin, and Genistein) have a high affinity towards SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. These results were then confirmed using protein-protein docking simulations to observe the ability of five compounds to prevent the attachment of ACE-2 to the active site. Based on the results of the bioinformatics studies, Quercetin has the best affinity, with a binding free energy value of −33.18 kJ/mol. The five compounds are predicted to be able to interact strongly with SARS-CoV-2. The results in this research are useful for further studies in the development of novel anti-infective drugs for COVID-19 that target SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
Prognostic and socio-economic significance of using the mental health assessment system model
Authors: Pidlubnyi V. L.
Published: September 2021

In modern psychiatric discourse, the problem of developing preventive measures aimed at timely detection and prevention of mental disorders exacerbation among the general population has not lost its relevance. In this context, special attention is paid to non-psychotic mental disorders, as the most common and masked form of mental pathology, in workers of industrial enterprises, as the least studied category of persons with a specific pool of biopsychosocial factors affecting their mental health.
The aim of the work is to evaluate the prognostic and socio-economic significance of the principles of a systematic approach to mental health assessment in the contingent of industrial workers.
Contingents and methods. On the basis of Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise “Regional Clinical Institution for Provision of Psychiatric Care” of Zaporizhzhia Regional Council, 982 workers of industrial enterprises, who underwent a preventive psychiatric examination according to the Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1465 dated December 27, 2000, were examined after obtaining their informed consent. Clinical-epidemiological, clinical-psychopathological, clinical-analytical, psychodiagnostic and statistical methods were used in the study. As a basic tool for the study was the “Basic Chart for Clinical and Epidemiological Studies”, which included socio-demographic and anamnestic data, a clinical component describing the symptoms and syndromes.
Results. It was revealed that the following factors had the greatest influence on the development of psycho-maladjustment in the workers of industrial enterprises: moderate workload, increased occupational noise levels, female, age 50–60 years. The development of neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders were mostly associated with moderate workload, night shift work, 12-hour duty, occupational dust exposure, female, age 50–60 years, emotional tension. The development of personality and behavior disorders was due to an overall length of service of 5–10 years, length of specialized service up to 10 years, moderate workload, age 18–29 years. The development of mental disorders related to brain dysfunction resulted from the overall length of service up to 40 years, moderate workload, manual work, occupational vibration and heat exposure, female, age 50–60 years, periodical alcohol consumption.
Conclusions. The identified factors for non-psychotic mental disorders were divided according to the criterion of their correction possibility and structured into blocks for mental health assessment within the developed diagnostic and psychoprophylactic model.
The role of fibrosis biomarkers in predicting the development of myocardial electrical instability (a literature review)
Authors: Ivanov V. P. , Shushkovska Yu. Yu. , Danylchuk I. V. , Shcherbak V. Р. , Tsybrii T. Yu.
Published: September 2021

The aim. To analyze scientific researches on studying the biomarkers of fibrosis based on a review of the most recent publications for the possibility to predict electrical myocardial instability development.
In total, 101 sources of literature related to the role of fibrosis biomarkers in the past 5 years were analyzed. The review of the literature has shown that myocardial fibrosis іs considered to be an arrhythmogenic substrate for ventricular arrhythmias, as it provides structural and functional disorders of the cardiac electrical activity. Markers of fibrosis, which are measured in cardiac pathology, allow determining the risk of electrical myocardial instability, which is a pathophysiological mechanism underlying sudden arrhythmic death.
Conclusions. Markers of fibrosis such as aldosterone, galectin-3 and transforming growth factor-β1, which are measured in heart failure, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, have been found to predict myocardial electrical instability. Prediction of myocardial electrical instability in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease based on studies of the association between frequent ventricular arrhythmias and plasma biomarkers of fibrosis (aldosterone, galectin-3, and transforming growth factor-β1) has not been discussed in the literature.
Crohn’s disease in childhood: modern approaches to treatment (a literature review)
Authors: Soleiko D. S. , Horbatiuk O. M. , Soleiko N. P. , Soleiko V. V.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the work. To provide world experience and features of Crohn’s disease (CD) treatment in children by reviewing and analyzing modern scientific literary sources, given the need to develop a unified therapeutic strategy for CD in childhood.
The relevance of CD treatment in children stems from its debut in childhood in a large number of patients, in connection with this, a more severe and aggressive course; the presence of various surgical complications, a high risk of malignancy, and the absence of generally accepted approaches to conservative and surgical treatment. The analysis of the results of modern scientific and clinical studies on the treatment of CD in children with the characteristics of drug groups and their individual representatives, methods of treatment for patients with surgical complications of CD in childhood, lifestyle correction, psychosocial adaptation, enteral nutrition, rehabilitation, and dispensary observation is presented. The principle of a cascade approach to the treatment of CD is illustrated by an example of the WGO recommendations.
Conclusions. The treatment of CD should be individual and comprehensive, with the simultaneous correction of local manifestations of the disease, surgical complications and changes in the general condition of a patient, as well as with dieting and lifestyle correction. The expected therapeutic effect of the use in children with CD of a large number of the proposed groups of medications is debatable or clinically unproven, which necessitates the implementation of further scientific and clinical research. The information presented will help doctors determine the optimal range of individual medical, rehabilitation measures and recommendations for everyone with CD in childhood and effectively provide active follow-up for patients.
Ultrasound examination of swallowing disorder characteristics in patients with oncopathology of the oral cavity
Authors: Kushta A. O.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to compare the dynamics of oral and oropharyngeal muscles contraction during swallowing in normal individuals and in patients with malignant tumors depending on the clinical disease using ultrasound.
Materials and methods. The study included 29 patients aged 38–55 years (men), normtrophic, who were treated in the Department of Head and Neck Tumors of Podolsk Regional Oncology Center for malignant tumors of the tongue, floor of the mouth and oropharynx. Among them, there were 12 patients with cancer of the lateral tongue surface, 9 - with oral mucosa cancer and 8 – with tongue base cancer. Scanning was performed in the sagittal and frontal planes with a 7.5 MHz sensor in two modes (B and M) at rest and during swallowing in several stages on the TOSHIBA device (Model USDI-A500A/EL; Serial No. ELA14Z2082). B-mode was the main one in all the studied areas where one image frame was vertically lined up. The swallowing act was assessed in M-mode (a length of the axial movement). The obtained indicators were compared with the normal ones.
Results. The work was carried out to verify the musculoskeletal complex involved in the act of swallowing. Measurements of several indicators were performed revealing a violation of the swallowing act, namely a decrease in indicators in the longitudinal and lateral examination of the sublingual muscle group in B-mode and M-mode in patients diagnosed with cancer of the tongue base and mucosa of the mouth floor. In addition, a deviation and displacement of the musculoskeletal complex to the healthy contralateral side with preserved muscle function in patients diagnosed with the lateral tongue surface cancer was revealed by M-mode ultrasound of the swallowing act.
Conclusions. In patients with malignant tumors of the lateral tongue surface, the longitudinal examination of the sublingual muscle group in B-mode ultrasound showed decreased indicators by 7 % and in the lateral projection of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle in M-mode – by 3.5 times. In tongue base cancer, the mentohyoid distance was merely 4 mm reduced during the act of swallowing, and in the longitudinal projection of the sublingual muscle group - by only 5 %. In oral mucosa cancer, there was the lowest reduction in the mentohyoid distance, about 4 mm when swallowing, (in healthy people 8–12 mm) and decreased indicators in longitudinal examination of the sublingual muscle group by 8 % in B-mode, in lateral M-mode ultrasound – by 2 mm.
Grounds for legal liability in the pharmaceutical sector of the healthcare sector
Authors: Aleksieiev O. H.
Published: September 2021

The aim. To find out the content and essence of the legal liability grounds, to determine the main features of each element.
Materials and methods. Synthesis, analysis and comparative law methods were used in the course of the study.
Results. The grounds for legal liability in the pharmaceutical field are: 1) the fact of committing an act, defined as an offence by the relevant legislation, i.e. the factual basis; 2) the existence of a legal rule that prohibits such behavior and establishes appropriate sanctions, i.e. the regulatory basis; 3) lack of grounds for release from liability; 4) the existence of a law enforcement act, a written decision of the competent authority in which the person is found guilty and assigned the type and measure of punishment, i.e. the procedural basis.
The analysis of the relevant regulatory framework shows some inconsistencies in the legislation governing the pharmaceutical sector in the context of legal liability. Thus, the cited articles of Fundamentals and the Law of Ukraine “On Medicinal Products” presume different types of legal liability for violations of the sectoral legislation. The fact is that Article 80 of the Fundamentals does not presume disciplinary liability, which, in our opinion, may have quite unpleasant precedents. In order to increase the effectiveness of the legal liability mechanism, we consider it appropriate to amend Article 80 of the Fundamentals.
Conclusions. The grounds for legal responsibility in the pharmaceutical sphere correspond to the generally accepted approaches to their classification, and also have branch-specific features. In order to bring a violator of pharmaceutical legislation to justice, it is necessary to have several elements and only their combination determines the legal responsibility in the pharmaceutical field as possible and appropriate.
The “obesity paradox” – is it a positive effect on the course of cardio-vascular events? (A literature review)
Authors: Kadzharian V. H.
Published: September 2021

The aim: to analyze the literature and study the “obesity paradox” phenomenon, pathological conditions and categories of patients with its existence.
Methods. The analytical, bibliosemantic, system approach and system analysis methods were used in the work.
Results. The article presents the basic current views on the effect of obesity on the cardiovascular disease course according to evidence-based medicine. Randomly analyzed results have shown a decrease in mortality after cardiovascular events in overweight individuals.
The “obesity paradox” was revealed in the analysis of 10-year survival after stroke in the Framingham Study patients. In the group of overweight and obese patients, mortality rates after ischemic stroke were lower than in the group with normal body weight ([RR] = 0.70, 95 % CI 0.55–0.90, /M3.005). Researchers suggest that a moderately increased body weight may be associated with previously unknown protective factors.
The “obesity paradox” has shown a more favorable course of myocardial infarction among certain categories of patients (with a history of cardiovascular events) with higher body weight. In individuals with heart failure who underwent resynchronisation therapy, high body mass index values were associated with a reduced risk of developing primary endpoints. Predicting the risk of acute coronary syndrome has shown better results in overweight patients. Obese patients have been diagnosed with less severe calcification of the carotid arteries. Numerous theories that explain this phenomenon include the protective function of adiponectin as well as the protective effect of muscle tissue.
Conclusions. Overweight in people with various pathologies in certain conditions can improve the course of cardiovascular events, which underlies the “obesity paradox”. In the mechanisms of the “obesity paradox”, the protective properties of adiponectin as well as the protective function of muscle tissue are given the highest priority.
Peculiarities of micronutrient metabolism in obese pregnant women (literature review)
Authors: Zhabchenko I. A. , Sudmak O. R. , Lishchenko I. S. , Bondarenko O. M.
Published: September 2021

Here we summarize uptodate data on the influence of the most significant micro, macroelements, and vitamins, such as magnesium, vitamin D, iron, and folic acid, on the course of pregnancy and childbirth in obese women. The paper considers both domestic and foreign recommendations for correcting nutritional deficiencies to prevent the development of complications from the pregravid stage to the end of lactation.
Nowadays, the deficiency of micro-, macroelements and vitamins is an extremely urgent problem, especially in a group of special risk, i.e. overweight and obese women, whose number is steadily growing simultaneously with an increase of the number of pregnant women of 35+ years of age. It is important to consider a woman's body mass index to prescribe the minimum effective dose of the necessary drugs. Timely preventive personalized correction of the micronutrient state can reduce the risks of such major obstetric syndromes as preeclampsia, premature birth, fetal growth retardation, miscarriage, and placental dysfunction.
Heart remodeling in elderly patients with isolated systolic arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Sheiko S. O. , Kolb N. O.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the work was to study the structural and functional state of the left ventricle (LV) in elderly patients with isolated systolic arterial hypertension (ISAH) and chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (CHF with PEF).
Materials and methods. After receiving an informed consent, 134 elderly patients with ISAH were enrolled in the study. The main group included 91 patients aged 71.1 ± 3.5 years with ISAH and ejection fraction (EF) of the LV >50 % and a level of natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) >125 pg/ml. Among them, there were 61 women (67 %) and 30 (33 %) men. The comparison group consisted of 43 patients (27 women and 16 men aged 70.4 ± 3.7 years) with ISAH, LV EF >50% and NT-proBNP <125 pg/ml. The geometric changes of the LV were evaluated taking into account the LV myocardial mass index and the relative LV wall thickness.
Results. Cardiac remodeling in elderly ISAH patients with CHF and PEF was represented by the following geometric variants of the LV. In the main group patients, concentric LV hypertrophy (LVH) prevailed – 73 (80.2 %) patients, while in the comparison group, concentric modeling (CR) – 25 (58.1 %) patients (P < 0.01 by criterion χ2). CR in the ISAH patients with CHF and PEF was diagnosed in 18 (19.8 %) cases. Concentric LVH was verified in 18 (41.9 %) patients of the comparison group (P < 0.01). It was determined that the hyperfunction of the left atrium (LA) in the patients with ISAH without CHF was compensatory. The maximum volume index of the LA (VILAmax.) in these patients was in the range of 27–32 ml/m2. Hyperfunction of the LA in the ISAH patients with CHF and PEF was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in VILAmax. over 34 ml/m2.
Conclusions. The prevalence of ISAH among elderly patients is 35.6 %. The formation of a hypertensive heart in the ISAH patients with CHF and PEF is characterized by a predominant concentric LVH (80.2 %) and hyperfunction of the LA. A significant increase in the LA volumes testifies to increase in its contribution to the LV filling with the formation of LV diastolic dysfunction. The presence of concentric LVH and an increase in VILAmax. ≥34 ml/m2 is a criterion for identifying individuals at high and very high risk among elderly ISAH patients with CHF and PEF.