bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of corn crops in dry land, dry climate using panca management technology in Situbondo, East Java
Authors: Saeri Moh. , Tafakresnanto Chendy , Rejekiningrum Popi , Hanif Zainuri , Putri Rumanintya Lisaria
Published: October 2023

East Java has a large amount of arid terrain with a dry environment that could potentially be used for maize cultivation. It hasn’t been managed well, with little irrigation that only depends on rainfall and poor soil fertility. It is possible to grow maize on dry terrain, but first it is important to consider whether socio-economic strategies are effective, affordable, and simple to use. Five land management approaches, including (a) water management, (b) nutrient management, (c) organic matter management, (d) soil amelioration and conservation, and (e) crop integration livestock or institutions, are required to address the major issues of restricted water and low soil fertility. Activities to develop dry climate dry land agriculture are carried out during the dry season (MK 1) 2019 in Kandang Village, Kapongan District, Regency Situbondo in an area of 20 hectares. These activities include research on superimposed planting systems, irrigation, and biocahar as well as display of maize varieties and fertilisation.
Income of labor fishermen households and the adaptation strategy that was contained in fulfiled the prominent needs in West Monsoon (Case Study in Village of West Sekotong, West Lombok Regency West Nusa Tenggara Province)
Authors: Husni S , Nursan M
Published: October 2023

Labor fishermen are the structure of the fishing community that has the poorest socioeconomic level. Labor fishermen do not have fisheries assets and only rely on Labor to get income from sharing the results with owner fishermen. During the western monsoon (famine) Labor fishermen’s fishing activities are very limited, so it needs adaptation strategies to fulfill their daily basic needs. The aims of this study are: to analyze the level of income of Labor fishermen households in the west monsoon and to find out the adaptation strategies conducted by Labor fishermen households in fulfilling their basic needs in the west monsoon. This research uses descriptive methods and data collection techniques using survey techniques. Respondents were selected from 60 random sampling of Labor fishermen households. The results showed: a) The household income of Labor fishermen in the western monsoon was IDR 1,442,667 and b) adaptation strategies conducted by fishermen households in fulfilling their basic needs in the western monsoon are fishermen Labor working off fishing, utilizing family members to earn a living, doing social gathering, withdrawing savings, borrowing from neighbors, borrowing from the skipper (boat owner), borrowing from cooperatives, and selling the household asset.
Dependency on beef import to support food security in Indonesia
Authors: Danasari I F , Sari N M W , Septiadi D , Supartiningsih N L S
Published: October 2023

The increase in beef import shows that Indonesia is increasingly dependent on imported beef, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one of the financing sources for imports. The higher the GDP, the higher the ability to import. The research aims to analyze the growth stages of Indonesian beef imports and the determinant. This research used a descriptive method with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The data used secondary data in 2001-2020 of Indonesia’s beef imports. The research method used the Import Dependency Ratio (IDR) and The Degree of Import Openness (DKI) to analyze the level of dependence on Indonesia’s beef import. The results showed that Indonesia has a high dependence on beef imports, with an average of 14,50 percent, and the average degree of import openness of beef imports is 0,02 percent. It means that Indonesian beef needs have been met from import to achieve food security in Indonesia.
The Impact of socio-economic environment of maize farmers in supporting sustainable agriculture in the Mandalika special economic zone
Authors: Septiadi D , Hidayati A , Danasari I F , Mundiyah A I
Published: October 2023

This research aims to 1) analyze the socio-economic conditions of maize farmers in the buffer zone of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone; 2) analyze the effect of socio-economic variables on the income of maize farmers in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone. The research method used in this research uses a quantitative analysis approach. The research location is in the buffer area of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone. The respondents used in this study were 40 respondents. The analytical tools used in this research is multiple linear regression. The results of the analysis show that the average farmers owned 1.09 hectares of arable land. Farmers in addition to farming maize also do animal husbandry as an alternative income. The average respondent farmer has 9 years of education with 5 years of experience in farming maize. The results of income analysis show that in one planting season, farmers generate a total income of IDR. 12,196,741/hectare. Based on output of regression analysis, it shows that the variables of the total maize production, the cost of agricultural land rent, the seed costs, the fertilizer costs, and the selling price of maize show a impact on the income of maize farmers.
The relationship between socio-economic conditions and the stunting incidences of rural areas in Indonesia? Evidence in Tolitoli regency, Indonesia
Authors: Asih D N , Vidyanto  , Kurniawan H
Published: October 2023

Problem of stunting and malnutrition in the centre of agricultural production is currently being debated. Tolitoli which is one of the central rice-producing regencies for Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, however in 2021 is reported as one of 320 regencies in Indonesia with a high prevalence of stunting. This research aims to examine the correlations between agricultural production of households in Tolitoli regency and the prevalence of family malnutrition and stunting. In June - October 2022 a case study survey was carried out in two sub-districts with the highest prevalence rate in Tolitoli Regency. The analytical method used includes the share of food expenditure and family food consumption to assess the condition of food security, quantity and quality of household food consumption. While the income analysis is used to measure the determinants of expenditure and household consumption in the research area. The results show that the condition of food security based on energy sufficiency in the research area was in the “less” category. The share of food expenditure is in the “high category” and the food security condition is in the food shortage condition. Moreover, most of the respondent’s income comes from agricultural activities (80.55%) which is allocated for food consumption of 55%/month and the remaining 45% per month is used for non-food expenses.
Social capital of the local community in forest conservation for disaster mitigation
Authors: Massiri Sudirman Daeng , Pribadi Hendra , Anwar  , Golar  , Naharuddin  , Hamzari
Published: October 2023

Social capital plays a significant role in forest conservation and community-based disaster mitigation efforts. The government has attempted to strengthen the social capital of the local community in forest conservation and disaster mitigation, but only a few have succeeded. This study examines the social capital of the local communities involved in forest conservation for disaster mitigation. This research applied a descriptive approach to the Salua Village, Kulawi District, Sigi Regency community. This study revealed that the structural social capital of the Salua village community was moderate to high in terms of forest conservation but had cognitive-social capital in the moderate to low category. The high structural social capital could not create collective action in forest conservation for disaster mitigation because the dominant actors in local institutions have low power in creating common knowledge about forest conservation and disaster mitigation. Important studies should be conducted to strengthen social capital in climate change mitigation actions to establish a common understanding of the importance of forest conservation in communities surrounding forest areas.
The perspective of multi-parties to the implementation of Forestry and Other Land Use (FoLU) net sink in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Golar G , Muis H , Baharuddin R F , Simorangkir W S
Published: October 2023

Climate change will determine how long people can survive on our planet. Several countries, including Indonesia, have stalled debates, policies, and concrete steps. In response to the Glasgow Fact, the Indonesian government implemented the Forestry and other land use (FoLU) Net Sink 2030, whose essential pillars are sustainable forest management, environmental governance, and carbon governance. FoLU program plan will be implemented in Central Sulawesi. This study explores the perspectives of the persons involved using the Delphi and the G-O-L-A-R methods. According to the study’s findings, The cornerstones to the successful implementation of FoLU Net Sink 2030 in Central Sulawesi are legal certainty and regulatory regulations, budget efficiency for programs, community awareness and motivation to preserve and care for the environment, and solid and participative institutional capacities.
Local climate variability associated to sustainable agriculture at rain shadow areas of mount Rinjani and Tambora in West Nusa Tanggara
Authors: Mahrup  , Baharuddin AB , Mulyati M , Susilowati LE , Padusung  , Fahrudin
Published: October 2023

Climate is driven by solar energy received on the earth surface and local factor, such as mountains. The solar energy affects climate variables namely, temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind and rain. In addition, mountains perform rain shadow areas and affect variability of local climate. A descriptive research was conducted to study variability of those variables associated to direct normal solar irradiation (DNI), and its possible impact on sustainable agriculture at rain shadow areas of Mt. Rinjani in Lombok and Tambora in Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara. The results show that the DNI was relative similar at both sides of the Mt. Rinjani which was 13.15±2.6 MJ m−2day−1 on average. While at Mt. Tambora, the DNI at rain shadow area (southern part) was higher than northern part which were 15.6±2.07 MJ.m−2.day−1 and 13.6±3.2 MJ m−2.day−1 respectively. The DNI was relatively high in low lands and it successively decreased through medium and high lands. ETo, air and soil surface temperature were relatively high at rain shadow areas. In conclusion, the intensity of DNI was not significantly affected by aspect factor of incoming light relative to the Mt Rinjani and Mt. Tambora. The mountains had affected the variability of local climate and performed rain shadow areas to the north from Mt Rinjani and to the south from Mt. Tambora, where there had established typical dry land agriculture of semi arid tropics.
Agroclimate zone analysis for the suitability of rice plantation in Donggala District
Authors: Fathurrahman  , Syakur Abdul , Fathan Mohammad , Yusuf Ramal
Published: October 2023

As one of the supporting districts for regional food security, the productivity of food crops in Donggala Regency needs to be continuously improved. Climate type information is closely related to business development in agriculture, especially rice plants. This study aims to determine the type and distribution of agro-climatic zones for rice land suitability in Donggala Regency. This study uses the climate classification method according to Oldeman by calculating the number of wet months and dry months for one year which is then mapped using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method. The data used in this study are rainfall data for 10 years (2011-2020) from 15 points of BMKG rain observation posts as well as the Planting Calendar for rice plants from the Ministry of Agriculture. The results showed that Donggala Regency has 3 Oldeman climate types, namely type A in Rio Pakava District with the suitability of continuous rice cultivation but low production, B in Banawa Selatan and Sojol Districts with the suitability of continuous rice planting with high production when harvested during drought season. Type E in the Districts of Central Banawa, Banawa, Tanantovea, Labuan, Sindue, Sindue Tobata, Sindue Tombusabora, Balaesang, Balaesang Tanjung, North Sojol and Dampelas which is too dry, so that only one planting period of crops is possible. In areas with climate type E it is recommended to optimize irrigation to meet the water needs of rice plants. The agro-climate zone map made using the IDW interpolation method can describe the distribution of climate types as a whole, especially in areas where there are no rain gauge posts such as in Pinembani District.
Study of socio economic approach patterns in the application of agricultural technology innovation for shallot commodities, Brebes Regency, Central Java Province
Authors: Sihombing Y , Mardiharini M , Indrawanto C , Wasito  , Hermawan H , Mulyono J
Published: October 2023

Support for socio-economic studies is needed in the application and development of agricultural technology innovations so that the feasibility of a technology that will be introduced to users can be known. The purpose of the writing is to determine the pattern of the socio-economic study approach in the application and development of agricultural technology innovations for shallot commodities in Brebes Regency, Central Java Province. The assessment was conducted using primary data by collecting data from questionnaires that were compiled and analyzed against each indicator. Data analysis is carried out simply based on the percentage of respondents’ opinions on predetermined indicators and is complemented by secondary data that is analyzed qualitatively using the Desk Research Method. By knowing the pattern of the socio-economic approach of shallot commodities, it is concluded that agricultural technology innovations have been felt by farmers in terms of increased production (9 tons/ha), increasing farmers’ incomes (IDR 153,000,000), and farmers’ ability to apply technological innovations increased (IFE scores of 3.65 and EFE 3.83).
The dynamics of species change, pest status, and new pests on sugarcane in Indonesia
Authors: Subiyakto S , Yulianti T , Sunarto D A , Sujak S , Wijayanti K S , Hidayah N , Nurindah N , Indrayani I G A A , Supriyono S , Suhara C
Published: October 2023

This review aims to assess if there has been a change in the species and status of sugarcane pests during a particular period. This information has not yet been made available. This study is crucial, particularly for the developing an Indonesian sugarcane pest management strategy. The review approach involved interpreting the three books published in 1951, 2011, and 2017. The references were (1) The Pests of Crops in Indonesia by Kalshoven (1981), a translation of De Plagen van de Cultuurgewassen in Indonesia published in 1951 (period 1), (2) Sugarcane Pests and Diseases (period 2), and (3) Sugarcane Plant Pest Organism (period 3). The publications described the current status of pest species. In addition, we closely examined additional sources related to the subject themes. The results revealed that some species and pest statuses had shifted, as well as the appearance of new pests on sugarcane. Changes in species, status, and the appearance of new pests on sugarcane resulted from shifting the planting area from rice fields to rainfed land, alterations in agricultural practices, the presence of natural enemies, and climate change. Shoot borer, stem borer, and white grubs were significant sugarcane pests during the three periods.
Encapsulation characteristics of cocoa bean shell extract with maltodextrin as encapsulant
Authors: Noviyanty A , Hasanuddin A , Rahim A , Hutomo G S , Alam N , Rahmatu R , Kadir S , Priyantono E , Salingkat C A , Ariany S P
Published: October 2023

Encapsulation is a way to protect the active ingredients from adverse environmental influences during storage and processing. Maltodextrin is one of the coatings and is often used because of its ability to form emulsions, low viscosity, easy to find, easy to process, disperses quickly, has high solubility, and can matrices reducing browning. In addition, an excellent ability to deal with oxidation so that the resulting encapsulant can have a better shelf life. This study aims to obtain the ratio of extract to coating material that produces encapsulation that has the best antioxidant activity, total phenolics, moisture content, and encapsulation efficiency. This study was experimental and designed using a completely randomized design with the treatment of the maltodextrin (coating material)/extract of cocoa bean shell, namely five levels of ratio 2:1 to 6:1 in which all treatments repeated three times. The results showed that the ratio of the coating material/coastal extract of the cocoa bean 4:1 was the best ratio for encapsulating the cacao bean shell extract which resulted in IC50 values of 59.99 micrograms per mL, total phenolics of 90.37 ppm, encapsulation efficiency of 68.31 percent and moisture content of 4.45 percent.
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of edible films from phosphorylated arenga starches using sodium tripolyphosphate
Authors: Rahim A , Rostiati  , Alam N , Halid S A , Ilham
Published: October 2023

Making of edible film from phosphorylated arenga starches (PAS) using modification arenga starch with sodium trypolyphosphate (STPP). The research objective was to obtained the optimal concentration of PAS in the making of edible films with the best physicochemical and sensory characteristics. The research design consisted of a completely randomized design and a randomized block design with concentrations of PAS consisting of 7 levels, namely 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, and 5 % (b/v) with three repeted. The research variables include thickness, water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and sensory. The results showed that the 5% concentration of PAS has been gave the best physicochemical and sensory characteristics of edible film. Edible film of thickness and OHC increased with increasing concentration of PAS. The WVTR and WHC decreased with increasing concentration of PAS while the sensory properties showed liking.
Experimental Analysis on Swelling, Shrinkage and Consolidation behavior of Expansive Soils under wetting – drying cycles
Authors: Jeevanantham V , Jayashree J , Yamini Roja S
Published: October 2023

Expansive soil get compressed under the applied external loading and by its self-weight, during this loading pore water goes out of the soil mass, called as consolidation and during the increase in temperature of the soil mass, water evaporates and leaves the soil mass, called as shrinkage. In both the cases, volume change occurs in cohesive soil mass. In this study, an attempt is made to criticize the consolidation and shrinkage phenomena to find the settlement of soils. An expansive cohesive soil sample has been taken and tested for basic properties and also tested for shrinkage, swelling and consolidation. Results shows that settlement caused by shrinkage is greater than consolidation, for the given thickness of clay strata and the type of mineral and proportion.
Digital transformation for improved energy and product efficiency in tire production: a case study
Authors: Temel Abdullah , Ayaz Murat , Aygül Volkan
Published: October 2023

The concept of digital transformation has become increasingly significant with advancements in technology. In this study, digital transformation design and implementation were performed in a tire production plant to improve the product and energy efficiency for sustainable production. Initially, production data were obtained by implementing Shop Floor Control infrastructure. In the second stage, a Manufacturing Execution System (MES) was placed on the upper layer and connected to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software on the top layer. Cloud database technology was used for the MES and ERP layers, with servers located outside the plant and a side-to-side VPN providing a plant network connection. The automation architecture was designed for the end-to-end monitoring of the entire production site and was applied to the Banbury Unit. The performance data of the system were compared in terms of energy efficiency, product efficiency, and overall efficiency. The Banbury unit was used 15% more efficiently, recovering 2.4 MWh of energy daily with the proposed system. Additionally, the scrap product rate decreased by 5%, resulting in an annual cost recovery of $39,500.
The evolution and diversity of actin-dependent cell migration
Authors: Fritz-Laylin Lillian K. , Titus Margaret A.
Published: October 2023

Many eukaryotic cells, including animal cells and unicellular amoebae, use dynamic-actin networks to crawl across solid surfaces. Recent discoveries of actin-dependent crawling in additional lineages have sparked interest in understanding how and when this type of motility evolved. Tracing the evolution of cell crawling requires understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying motility. Here we outline what is known about the diversity and evolution of the molecular mechanisms that drive cell motility, with a focus on actin-dependent crawling. Classic studies and recent work have revealed a surprising number of distinct mechanical modes of actin-dependent crawling used by different cell types and species to navigate different environments. The overlap in actin network regulators driving multiple types of actin-dependent crawling, along with cortical-actin networks that support the plasma membrane in these cells, suggest that actin motility and cortical actin networks might have a common evolutionary origin. The rapid development of additional evolutionarily diverse model systems, advanced imaging technologies, and CRISPR-based genetic tools, is opening the door to testing these and other new ideas about the evolution of actin-dependent cell crawling.
Contribution of ovule anatomy to the taxonomic context of Parodia Spegazzini (Cactaceae)
Authors: Gentz Patrícia , Gonçalves Rhaniel Nicholas Lisowski , Mariath Jorge Ernesto de Araújo
Published: October 2023

The taxonomic history of Parodia Speg. is marked by many incongruences regarding its circumscription. The main question remains regarding the union of five genera into Notocactus s.l. and, later, the union of Notocactus s.l. with Parodia s.s., leading to Parodia s.l. Given that the ovules are conserved structures and that their anatomical structure remains unexplored within the genus, we sought to identify whether the anatomical traits of these structures show potential taxonomic applicability and whether they provide information that allows the genus to be circumscribed. Samples of flower buds of 15 species and two taxa in synonymy were processed and stained using plant anatomy methods for light microscopy. The ovules of Parodia are campylotropous, bitegmic, and crassinucellate, with the micropyle delimited by the inner integument; in Parodia s.s. we observed the nucellus and embryo sac projection and changes to the micropyle type, characteristics that reflect the circumscriptions that distinguish this genus from others in the synonymy of Parodia s.l. The results may also be useful with regard to infrageneric issues, allowing the distinction of some morphologically similar taxa, adding to the discussion of their infrageneric positions. Thus, we highlight the importance of ovule anatomical traits within the taxonomic context of Parodia.
First Insights into Population Structure and Genetic Diversity Versus Host Specificity in Trypanorhynch Tapeworms Using Multiplexed Shotgun Genotyping
Authors: Herzog Kaylee S , Hackett Jennifer L , Hime Paul M , Klicka Lukas B , Jensen Kirsten
Published: October 2023

Theory predicts relaxed host specificity and high host vagility should contribute to reduced genetic structure in parasites while strict host specificity and low host vagility should increase genetic structure. Though these predictions are intuitive, they have never been explicitly tested in a population genomic framework. Trypanorhynch tapeworms, which parasitize sharks and rays (elasmobranchs) as definitive hosts, are the only order of elasmobranch tapeworms that exhibit considerable variability in their definitive host specificity. This allows for unique combinations of host use and geographic range, making trypanorhynchs ideal candidates for studying how these traits influence population-level structure and genetic diversity. Multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG) data sets were generated to characterize component population structure and infrapopulation diversity for a representative of each trypanorhynch suborder: the ray-hosted Rhinoptericola megacantha (Trypanobatoida) and the shark-hosted Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Trypanoselachoida). Adults of R. megacantha are more host-specific and less broadly distributed than adults of C. gracilis, allowing correlation between these factors and genetic structure. Replicate tapeworm specimens were sequenced from the same host individual, from multiple conspecific hosts within and across geographic regions, and from multiple definitive host species. For R. megacantha, population structure coincided with geography rather than host species. For C. gracilis, limited population structure was found, suggesting a potential link between degree of host specificity and structure. Conspecific trypanorhynchs from the same host individual were found to be as, or more, genetically divergent from one another as from conspecifics from different host individuals. For both species, high levels of homozygosity and positive FIS values were documented.
Between Collocation and Colligation: An Experiment in Collaborative Lexicography
Authors: Caruso Valeria
Published: October 2023

This paper describes a protocol for using dictionaries in classroom activities to support language learning and develop language awareness (Nied Curcio 2022). A group of undergraduate foreign language students was guided through the process of compiling a multilingual Covid-19 dictionary, which provides collocational data to support language production and improve fluency in an L2. The activities were an integral part of a BA course in Lexicology and Lexicography. Lexonomy was used as the project editing tool.

The compilation process not only shed light on the students’ challenges in basic language skills, such as syntactic analysis, but also highlighted the importance of refining the proposed teaching programme to include more detailed metalinguistic explanation and an augmented dictionary microstructure.

Besides, the skills that emerged from the experiments conducted also provide valuable insights for research into dictionary use and the design of effective dictionaries.
Estimating gene-level false discovery probability improves eQTL statistical fine-mapping precision
Authors: Wang Qingbo S , Edahiro Ryuya , Namkoong Ho , Hasegawa Takanori , Shirai Yuya , Sonehara Kyuto ,   Japan COVID-19 Task Force, Kumanogoh Atsushi , Ishii Makoto , Koike Ryuji , Kimura Akinori , Imoto Seiya , Miyano Satoru , Ogawa Seishi , Kanai Takanori , Fukunaga Koichi , Okada Yukinori
Published: October 2023

Statistical fine-mapping prioritizes putative causal variants from a large number of candidate variants, and is widely used in expression quantitative loci (eQTLs) studies. In eQTL fine-mapping, the existence of causal variants for gene expression is not guaranteed, since the genetic heritability of gene expression explained by nearby (cis-) variants is limited. Here we introduce a refined fine-mapping algorithm, named Knockoff–Finemap combination (KFc). KFc estimates the probability that the causal variant(s) exist in the cis-window of a gene through construction of knockoff genotypes (i.e. a set of synthetic genotypes that resembles the original genotypes), and uses it to adjust the posterior inclusion probabilities (PIPs). Utilizing simulated gene expression data, we show that KFc results in calibrated PIP distribution with improved precision. When applied to gene expression data of 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force (JCTF), KFc resulted in significant enrichment of a functional score as well as reporter assay hits in the top PIP bins. When combined with functional priors derived from an external fine-mapping study (GTEx), KFc resulted in a significantly higher proportion of hematopoietic trait putative causal variants in the top PIP bins. Our work presents improvements in the precision of a major fine-mapping algorithm.
GLIOMA-01 GENETIC INVESTIGATIONS AND COUNSELING IN FAMILIAL MSS TURCOT SYNDROME ASSOCIATED TO INFERTILITY AND CHILD MORTALITY
Authors: Abdelmoula Nouha Bouayed , Abdelmoula Balkiss
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to report MSI genetic findings in a three-generation Tunisian pedigree of Turcot syndrome 1 (TS1), characterized by an uncommon association with infertility and child mortality. Microsatellite instability testing and genetic counseling were offered to affected members and their young relatives, to provide optimal clinical and preventive care. The index case of our Tunisian pedigree was a 38 year-old female, in whom histologic assessment of endoscopic specimens through a colorectal adenoma resection during screening colonoscopy, showed a tubular adenoma of the lower rectum with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. The screening procedure was conducted because her two brothers, 58 and 60 years old, harbored respectively glioblastoma multiforme and colon adenocarcinoma. The first brother exhibited an intracranial hypertension syndrome and a left hemiplegia leading to the diagnosis of a brain tumor. Whereas the second brother manifested diarrhea and intestinal colic that were investigated by colonoscopy. Histologic assessment of endoscopic specimens through a right preangular budding formation showed a well-differentiated liberkhunian adenocarcinoma that was treated by a right hemicolectomy. Genetic assessment at the germinal and somatic levels was conducted for the three affected patients using conventional microsatellite instability (MSI) testing methods. bMolecular analysis determined MSI status of the tumors and classified them into stable types (MSS) without any mutation or aberrant expression of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 genes. Familial history revealed, at the first generation, a consanguineous couple who lost several children at a young age. This couple gave birth to eight children, three of whom were infertile, three affected by MMS TS1 and two healthy. The third generation consists of 15 children, so far, without any tumors. Genetic counselling for TS remains difficult because of the rarity of the condition, its shifting definition over the years, and its genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity.
GLIOMA-13 RIGHT FRONTO-PARIETAL PILOCYTIC ASTROCYTOMA WHO GRADE I ASSOCIATED WITH HEMORRHAGIC COMPONENT AND ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION IN AN ADULT: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kamabu Larrey Kasereka
Published: October 2023

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a primary glial neoplasm and low-grade tumor. After total resection, the prognosis is very good. A poor prognosis results from leptomeningeal spreading and bleeding, both of which are extremely uncommon in Pilocytic Astrocytoma patients.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 43-year-old male that presented with a 4 days’ history of right sided frontal headache, non-radiating and mostly felt in the morning. Not associated with vomiting and fever. In addition, there was a sudden decline in level of consciousness with no associated stool or urine incontinence. The patient also developed three episodes of tonic clonic convulsions, lasting less than 3 minutes associated with urine incontinence and frothing from the mouth. Two days later, there was a sudden onset of left sided weakness involving upper and lower limbs. However, there is no history of trauma or hypertension. He was identified as having a hemorrhagic right fronto-parietal PA evidence on MRI associated with essential hypertension. The patient had an intervention combination of medical treatment and craniotomy via fronto-temporal approach plus excision of lesion. Histopathological examination of specimen determined that it was PA WHO grade I. He was treated with oral anti-epileptic therapy (Phenytoin 300 mg once a day), folic acid supplementation (400 mcg once a day), anti-hypertensive therapy (Amlodipine 10 mg and Losartan 50 mg once daily) and he showed marked improvement and was discharged home after 1 month and followed up by primary neurosurgeon, oncologist and physician.

CONCLUSION: This case report raises awareness of Pilocytic Astrocytoma among adults and emphasizes the value of early diagnosis and management of patients with Pilocytic Astrocytoma associated with essential hypertension can prevent complications, reduce morbidity and mortality.
GLIOMA-16 EARLY NEUROCOGNITIVE OUTCOME POST RESECTION OF ADULT SUPRATENTORIAL GLIOMAS AT THE KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Mwangi Jefferson Wanyoike , Musau Christopher , Wekesa Vincent , Karanja Susan
Published: October 2023

Gliomas are the commonest brain tumors in our setting. Traditionally; Overall Survival, progression free survival and Extent of resection are used to define oncologic outcome in gliomas. These measures don’t reflect the complete patient status and hence the need for functional outcome determination. Cognitive outcome, is a key functional measure in gliomas. This was a prospective Cohort Study whose objective was to determine the Early Neurocognitive outcome post-resection of adult supratentorial gliomas at the Kenyatta National Hospital. Our study population was adult patients with supratentorial gliomas. We examined twenty patients who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was by an interviewer-based questionnaire incorporating the ACE III (Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination III) tool administered at three instances as follows: - Within two weeks Preoperatively (T0), at one week postoperatively (T1) and at four weeks postoperatively (T2). The pre and post operative cognitive scores were then analyzed to determine the cognitive outcome. Statistical significance was considered where the p-value was <0.05. Ninety five percent of patients had cognitive impairment at baseline. Mean age of presentation was 34.3 years for Low grade glioma (LGG) and 43.8 years for High Grade Glioma (HGG). 55% of patients had LGG while 45% had HGG. Overall, there was transient decline in cognition from T0-T1 and a gradual improvement beyond the baseline from T1-T2. This improvement was across all domains but was significant in the total ACE score, memory and fluency. LGG showed the greatest improvement in cognition especially in the fluency domain. Sixty percent of the tumors were subtotally resected and showed significant cognitive change in the domains of Attention, fluency and Visuospatial association. Glioma surgery in our setting results in a transient decline in cognition one week postoperatively after which improvement in cognition beyond baseline is noted one month post operatively.
PAEDIATRIC-14 EXPÉRIENCE DU SERVICE DE RADIOTHÉRAPIE DU CENTRE D’ONCOLOGIE ET DE RADIOTHÉRAPIE ALASSANE OUATTARA DANS LA PRISE EN CHARGE DES TUMEURS DE L’ENFANT: A PROPOS DE 27CAS
Authors: Diakite Kadiatou
Published: October 2023

Les tumeurs chez l’enfant ne ressemblent pas à celles de l’adulte. Ils sont d'abord beaucoup plus rares et représentent 1à2% de l’ensemble des cancers. Nous avons eu à traiter 27 enfants pendant la période de 2019-2023 soit 11 filles et 16 garçons avec un sexe ratio de 1.45. L’âge médian était de 7 ans avec un intervalle de 2 -16ans. Le type histologique le plus fréquent était le Rétinoblastome avec 8 cas suivi de Néphroblastome 6 cas, astrocytome 3 cas, UCNT du Cavum 2 cas, Gliome cérébral 2 cas et autres 4 cas. La plupart des enfants de moins 7 ans ont eu recours à une anesthésie générale pour faciliter les séances de radiothérapie. La dose d’irradiation était fonction du type histologique et du grade. Le traitement des Tumeurs chez l’enfant nécessite une prise en charge pluridisciplinaire. La chirurgie reste un traitement clé si indiquée. L’indication de la radiothérapie, la chimiothérapie ou leur association dépend du type histologique et le grade. Le pronostic dépend de la localisation mais aussi du délai de prise en charge.
CFS: definitions, epidemiology, presentation, prognosis
Authors: Wessely Professor Simon , Hotopf Dr Matthew , Sharpe Dr Michael
Published: October 2023

By the mid 1980s chronic fatigue syndrome had arrived. The story of the next ten years is the story of the professional community attempting to catch up on the dramatic entry of CFS into the public arena, and to bring the traditional methods of scientific inquiry to bear on the problem. As in all such endeavours, the appropriate starting point was to establish a case definition of the new syndrome. This was recognized with the publication in 1988 of what became known as the CDC or Holmes’ criteria1• This was a milestone in the acceptance of the syndrome and the beginning of a new generation of scientific studies.
The Effects Of Smoking On Fetal Growth: Evidence For A Threshold, The Importance Of Brand Of Cigarette, And Interaction With Alcohol And Caffeine Consumption
Authors: Anderson H Ross , Bland J Martin , Peacock Janet L
Published: October 2023

The achievement of optimum fetal growth is accepted as a desirable clinical and public health objective. In so far as perinatal mortality and morbidity, with their attendant personal, social, and economic costs are increased as the birth weight distribution is shifted downwards, the reduction in fetal growth (birth weight adjusted for gestational age) observed with smoking, while clinically unimportant for most pregnancies, is of considerable public health importance (US Department of Health and Human Services 1980; Dunn 1984; Osteret al. 1988). The association between cigarette smoking and reduced birth weight has been known for some time (Simpson 1957; Andrews and McGarry 1972; Butleret al. 1972; US Department of Health and Human Services 1980; McIntosh 1984). Some have suggested that this is not causal but explained by other factors, such as diet, personal characteristics, or psychosocial stress, which may relate to both fetal growth and smoking behaviour (Yerushalmy 1971; Rush and Cassano 1983). Most authorities, however, have concluded that the association is causal because it is found in a wide variety of study designs and epidemiological contexts, exhibits a dose-response relationship, and has biological plausibility (Abel 1980; US Department of Health and Human Services 1980). A causal relationship is also suggested by the usual finding that smokers who give up at any time before 30 weeks have heavier infants than persistent smokers (MacArthur and Knox 1988).
Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis
Authors: Silman Alan J , Hochberg Marc C
Published: October 2023

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell (syn. temporal) artent1s (GCA) are two related disorders which, for epidemiological purposes, are best considered together. PMR is a relatively ill-defined clinical syndrome of limb-girdle pain and stiffness in association with systemic features such as pyrexia and a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Diagnosis depends on the presence of combinations of the relevant features in the absence of another pathology such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple myeloma. By contrast GCA is a vasculitic disorder, which can be widely disseminated affecting the medium and large arteries and whose diagnosis is pathological, classically based on the microscopic appearance of granulomatous change with Langerhans giant cells. There is, however, considerable overlap between the two disorders with a variable proportion of patients with PMR, depending on the study, with a positive biopsy of the temporal artery. Similarly series of patients have shown that a variable proportion of patients with GCA satisfy the clinical grounds for the diagnosis of PMR. The degree of overlap between the two depends on the referral practice of the centre reporting, the frequency with which temporal artery biopsy is undertaken, and the length of follow up. The latter is important as cross-sectional studies will underestimate the true co-occurrence rate. Thus in one series 40 per cent of 66 patients presenting with PMR developed GCA I month to 9 years after presentation, whereas 27 per cent of PMR patients who did not progress to GCA also had a positive temporal artery biopsy (Jones and Hazleman 1981). There have been three substantive population-based studies where attempts have been made to ascertain all cases with either disorder (Bengtsson and Malmvall 1981; Boeson and Sorensen 1987; Salvarani et al. 1987). The overlap between the two disorders and the relationship to the temporal artery biopsy result from these cross-sectional studies are shown in Table IO.I. The results suggest that between 20-30 per cent of cases have features of both diseases and that isolated PMR accounts for over 50 per cent.
Chondrocalcinosis
Authors: Silman Alan J , Hochberg Marc C
Published: October 2023

This review covers a number of linked pathological, radiological, and clinical entities, and it is this linkage of conceptually distinct entities that creates confusion in determining epidemiology (Fig. 13.1). There are also differences in the use of nomenclature and, at the time of writing, there is a lack of international agreement. The pathological entity is deposition of calcium salt crystals in articular, including meniscal, cartilage. The crystals are predominantly of the calcium phosphate family (McCarty et al. 1%2), mainly calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD), though other calcium salts are found including hydroxyapatite (McCarty et al. 1966). CPPD crystal deposition can be one cause of the radiological observation of chondrocalcinosis, that is the radiological appearance of calcified deposits in specific cartilaginous sites such as the meniscal cartilages of the knee, wrist, pelvis, and other peripheral joints. Clinically most of the calcified deposits are silent but the syndrome of pseudogout* is well recognised of an acute mono or oligoarthritis, resembling gout but where the synovial fluid contains CPPD crystals rather than urate ones. The diagnosis of pseudogout is normally based indirectly on finding crystals in the synovial fluid which, under polarized light, are either weakly or negatively birefringent compared to the positive birefringence of urate crystals. In addition to the clinical presentation of pseudogout there are a number of other clinical patterns of presentation. These include (i) a polyarticular osteoarthritis, though the exact relationship between CPPD and osteoarthritis is unclear (Dieppe et al. 1982), (ii) a widespread inflammatory polyarthritis mimicking rheumatoid arthritis (including, in IO per cent, a positive reaction for rheumatoid factor), and (iii) rarely a neuropathic picture resembling a Charcot joint (McCarty 1975). Uric acid arthropathy probably co-exists with CPPD arthropathy greater than expected by chance (McCarty 1975). The terms pyrophosphate arthropathy (Europe) and CPPD crystal deposition disease (USA) are used interchangeably which hinders understanding.
Neurology
Authors: Morton Rosemary J , Phillips Barbara M
Published: October 2023

1 Convulsions must be controlled as soon as possible, as brain damage may occur after 30 minutes convulsing.

2 Convulsions in infants may present as apnoeic spells or loss of awareness.

3 Remember the importance of hypoglycaemia in both convulsions and coma in infancy and childhood.

4 Most convulsions with a fever in children aged from six months to five years are ‘febrile convulsions’, but meningitis should be actively considered.

5 A high clinical awareness for the possibility of meningitis should be maintained when assessing any infant or young child who is unwell, lethargic, irritable, feverish, or vomiting.
The presentation and diagnosis of elder abuse
Authors: Bennett Gerry
Published: October 2023

Most relationships older people have in a domestic (and institutional setting) are positive, some are not. Violence against older people has been a consistent thread through world literature but public discussions of these private events is a recent phenomenon. From initial ‘response’ letters and articles to child abuse, elder abuse has more recently been addressed within a family violence framework reference.
Long-term vascular access
Authors: Conlon Peter J , Schwab Steve J
Published: October 2023

Despite the enormous technological advances in dialysis since its inception 35 years ago, there continues to be a very high annual mortality for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is an extremely small minority of patients who develop ESRD who remain on life-sustaining hemodialysis for longer than 10 years. In the United States of America the annual mortality from ESRD approaches 20%. After 10 years ofESRD the majority of patients will have either have succumbed to a com¬ plication of the disease process which caused their kidneys to fail, will have died from a complication of uremia, or will have undergone renal transplantation. Table 12.l summarizes the US Renal Data System results for 10-year survival on dialysis with censoring at the time of renal transplantation. It can be seen that only a little over 4% of patients who start dialysis between the ages of 65 to 74 years will be alive10 years later. Overall 2.5% of patients will still be on dialysis 10 years after starting hemodialysis, with black patients probably faring significantly better than white patients and females faring slightly better than males. Patients with diabetes as the primary cause of renal disease have the poorest prognosis, with less than 1in 50 patients surviving on dialysis to 10 years. Patients with primary kidney diseases have the best prognosis, with close to 1 in 20 patients remaining on dialysis for their 10th anniversary of initiating renal replacement therapy.
Soot, Civilization, and Neuroses
Authors: Greaves Mel
Published: October 2023

But even before these cancerous activities were prevalent, cancer was widely regarded as a modern disease. Nineteenth-century European doctors noted that cancer was uncommon in ‘the savage races’, by which they mostly referred to black Africans. Dr Livingstone in his missionary travels in Africa noted that the natives were troubled with fatty and fibrous tumours, but cancer itself was unknown. Similarly, nineteenth-century surgeons and physicians in Europe and the USA were impressed by the apparent rarity of cancers, and especially breast cancer, in Indians (in Calcutta for example), North Africans (in Algeria), and native Americans.
Philosophy of cancer pain management
Authors: Simpson Karen H
Published: October 2023

Pain relief for patients with cancer should be part of a more comprehensive management plan to address the many factors affecting their quality of life (Ventifredda 1989). Pain control should encompass the concept of ‘total pain’, appreciating that pain has sensory, emotional, socioeconomic, and spiritual components. The World Health Organization developed its Analgesic Ladder to allow information on simple methods of pain control to be widely disseminated. This had a huge global impact. However, strong opioids are still not available to some of the world’s population. Education and legislation to improve this situation is essential.
Neurosurgical pain management
Authors: Hassenbusch Samuel J , Dickens Meredith
Published: October 2023

Neurosurgical procedures have generally been used relatively late in the overall management of patients; however, earlier use is now suggested. Although many intracranial procedures are old, recent advances have renewed interest in their use. Some of these improvements, such as focused radiotherapy, allow almost non-invasive interventional pain techniques at the intracranial level. The role of spinal ablative procedures, which is relatively low risk, remains stable, in overall pain management. Single procedures, performed under local anaesthesia with short hospital admissions and low morbidity, are now useful.