bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological approach of Sport and Health for Overweight children (SHOW) intervention study
Authors: Bergmann Gabriel Gustavo , Silva Lorena Rodrigues , Ribeiro Franciéle da Silva , Botelho Vivian Hernandez , Cunha Gabriel Barros da , Ferreira Gustavo Dias , Pinheiro Eraldo dos Santos
Published: October 2021

Prevention and treatment of overweight among children have been a global challenge. A better understanding of different interventions to improve overweight children’s health is needed. This paper describes the methodological approach of Sport and Health for Overweight children (SHOW) study, which investigated the effects of a multicomponent intervention on health markers of overweight children. The SHOW study is a non-randomized clinical trial performed during 16 weeks enrolling 72 overweight children aged eight to 12 years in an intervention (IG = 35) and control group (CG = 37). It is a multicomponent intervention program including generalized sport initiation, health education, and weekly communication between parents and researchers. Besides characterizing the participants’, several health outcomes were analyzed in the SHOW study. Primary outcomes were accelerometer based physical activity and anthropometric indicators of overweight and obesity. Secondary outcomes were made up of cardiometabolic, fitness, behavioral, and psychological health indicators. We hypothesize that the SHOW study improves health outcomes and can be replicated in other settings as well as implemented by public policies.
Implications of Price Matching in Supply Chain Negotiation
Authors: Shang Weixin , Cai Gangshu (George)
Published: October 2021

Problem definition: Few papers have explored the impact of price matching negotiation (PM), in which a channel matches its price with the resulting wholesale price bargained by another channel, on firms’ performances, consumer welfare, and social welfare, with and without supply chain coordination. Academic/practical relevance: Negotiation has been widely seen in determining both uniform and discriminatory wholesale prices, which affect outcomes of competitive supply chain practices. Methodology: To characterize the PM mechanism, we use game theory and Nash bargaining theory to compare PM with simultaneous negotiation (SN) through a common-seller two-buyer differentiated Bertrand competition model. Results: Our analysis reveals that PM can benefit the seller but hurt all buyers, which is at odds with some fair wholesale pricing clauses intending to protect buyers. Under coordination with side payments, however, all firms can conditionally benefit more from PM than from SN. Despite firms’ gains, PM leads to less consumer utility and social welfare compared with SN, unless the second buyer in PM is considerably less powerful than the first buyer. Coordination further worsens PM’s negative impact on consumer utility and social welfare. Moreover, the existence of a spot market can increase the wholesale price in PM, hurting buyers, consumers, and society. Furthermore, the qualitative results about PM remain robust under an alternative disagreement point for PM, multiple buyers, and other extensions. Managerial implications: This paper delivers insights on when price matching in supply chain wholesale price negotiation can benefit a seller, buyers, consumers, and society in a variety of scenarios. It advocates how managers can use PM to their own advantages and provides rationale to decision makers for policy regulations regarding wholesale pricing.
A Case of Severe COVID-19 in a Patient with Good's Syndrome
Authors: Duarte Maria , Faria Luciana , Patronillo Catarina , da Costa Fernandes Sónia , Seara Vera
Published: October 2021

Good’s syndrome is a rare adult-onset combined immunodeficiency. The association of hypogammaglobulinaemia with a history of recurrent infectious or autoimmune manifestations in a middle-aged patient with evidence of a mediastinal mass should lead to the clinical suspicion of Good’s syndrome. The mortality rate associated with infectious complications is high. Thus, although it is rare, the disease should be diagnosed early so that proper treatment can be started. Thymectomy and immunoglobulin replacement are the main therapeutic strategies. We describe the case of a patient with a history of thymoma and recurrent respiratory infections, with a late diagnosis of Good’s syndrome in the context of severe organizing pneumonia secondary to COVID-19.
Effects of hot pack application before high-intensity stretching on the quadriceps muscle
Authors: Nakamura Masatoshi , Sato Shigeru , Sanuki Futaba , Murakami Yuta , Kiyono Ryosuke , Yahata Kaoru , Yoshida Riku , Fukaya Taizan , Takeuchi Kosuke
Published: October 2021

Background/aims

High-intensity static stretching is assumed to increase the range of motion and/or decrease muscle stiffness; however, the effects of high-intensity static stretching on the quadriceps muscle have been debated. Hot pack application before high-intensity static stretching was assumed to decrease stretching pain, which is the main problem in high-intensity static stretching, and decrease quadriceps muscle stiffness. This study aimed to examine hot pack application before high-intensity static stretching on stretching pain, knee flexion range of motion, and quadriceps muscle stiffness.

Methods

In total, 21 healthy sedentary male participants randomly performed two interventions: high-intensity static stretching and hot pack application before stretching. Static stretching was performed at three 60-second stretching interventions with a 30-second interval. Then, a 20-minute hot pack was applied before high-intensity static stretching. The knee flexion range of motion and shear elastic modulus of the quadriceps muscle were measured by ultrasonic shear-wave elastography before and after the static stretching intervention.

Results

Stretching pain after hot pack application before stretching was lower than high-intensity static stretching alone. Significant increases were also found in knee flexion range of motion after both stretching interventions, but no significant difference was noted in the increase in the knee flexion range of motion with or without hot pack application. No significant change was found in quadriceps muscle stiffness in either intervention.

Conclusions

The results suggest that hot pack application before high-intensity static stretching could decrease stretching pain, but no significant difference in knee flexion range of motion increase was found.
Explosion wave and crack field of an eccentric decoupled
charge
Authors: Zuo Jinjing , Yang Renshu , Gong Min , Xu Peng
Published: October 2021

To investigate the characteristics of the explosion damage from an
eccentric decoupled charge, the rock-breaking mechanism of an
eccentric decoupled charge is revealed from the perspectives of the
explosion wave field and crack field through theoretical and
experimental analyses. The ratio of the maximum to minimum pressure on
an eccentric decoupled hole wall increases exponentially with an
increase in the decoupling coefficient, but it does not change with a
change in the explosive density or explosive detonation velocity. The
explosive energy on the eccentric charge side has a certain
accumulation effect, the velocity of the reflected shock wave at the
blasthole wall is greater than that of the incident shock wave, and
the incident velocity of the explosion wave on the eccentric side is
greater than that on the non-eccentric side. The expansion range of
the explosion gas is significantly better than that on the
non-eccentric side, indicating that the eccentric decoupled charge can
strengthen the action of the explosion gas product on the eccentric
side. In addition, the overpressure of the explosion wave on the
eccentric side is greater than that on the non-eccentric side. The
fractal dimension and damage degree of the explosion crack on the
eccentric side are larger than those on the non-eccentric side. The
explosion cracks can be divided into intensive, transition, and sparse
areas, and the fractal dimension and damage degree decrease
successively in the three areas. The explosion cracks formed on the
non-eccentric side outside the range of three times the blasthole
diameter concentrate in the sparse area, and the destructive effect of
the explosion on the non-eccentric side medium is effectively
reduced.
Optimization of beam shaping for ultrasensitive inertial measurement using a phase-only spatial light modulator
Authors: Chen Xu , Fang Xiujie , Ma Danyue , Liu Ying , Cao Li , Zhai Yueyang
Published: October 2021

This study proposes an approach to generate a uniform flat-top beam with a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) to optimize ultrasensitive inertial measurement. The random incomplete Gaussian beam is modulated into a flat-top beam by uploading a beam shaping optimization algorithm on an LC-SLM. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The beam obtained from the experimental results with the 4f filter system optimization also conforms to the properties of the generated flat-top beam. Compared to existing beam shaping algorithms for simulation and experimental analysis, the beam shaping design based on the LC-SLM to optimize the ultrasensitive inertial measurement is realized. This method has also been verified to be effective in beam shaping in various beam situations. The application of this method in ultrahigh-sensitivity inertial measurement should prove significant.
Realistic simulation and real-time reconstruction of digital holographic microscopy experiments in ImageJ
Authors: Buitrago-Duque Carlos , Garcia-Sucerquia Jorge
Published: October 2021

The description, implementation, and validation of an ImageJ plugin that allows the realistic simulation and real-time reconstruction of digital holographic microscopy (DHM) experiments are presented. The simulation module implements a telecentric image-plane DHM recording scheme with fully configurable imaging system, interference, and scaling parameters, including the possibility of defining an estimate of the roughness distribution of the sample to produce realistic coherent-noise affectations. The reconstruction module allows the computation of amplitude, intensity, or phase, from digital holograms’ input as either single images or video streams for real-time processing; this module also implements user-defined fine-tuning parameters, allowing subpixel linear phase compensations and digital refocusing of the complex-valued reconstructed fields. In this note, the functionality of the plugin is illustrated by simulating the noisy DHM recording of a phase-only resolution test target and the reconstruction of both the resulting synthetic hologram and an equivalent experimental recording; the results show good agreement between the simulation and the experimental recording, and accurate measurements on the reconstructed information, thus granting the use of either module with full confidence according to needs and possibilities.
Quantum state features of the FEL radiation from the occupation number statistics
Authors: Benatti F. , Olivares S. , Perosa G. , Bajoni D. , Di Mitri S. , Floreanini R. , Ratti L. , Parmigiani F.
Published: October 2021

The coherence of free-electron laser (FEL) radiation has so far been accessed mainly through first and second order correlation functions. Instead, we propose to reconstruct the energy state occupation number distribution of FEL radiation, avoiding the photo-counting drawbacks with high intensities, by means of maximum likelihood techniques based on the statistics of no-click events. Though the ultimate goal regards the FEL radiation statistical features, the interest of the proposal also resides in its applicability to any process of harmonic generation from a coherent light pulse, ushering in the study of the preservation of quantum features in general non-linear optical processes.
Observation of optical vortex knots and links associated with topological charge
Authors: Zhong Jinzhan , Liu Sheng , Guo Xuyue , Li Peng , Wei Bingyan , Han Lei , Qi Shuxia , Zhao Jianlin
Published: October 2021

Knots and links, as three-dimensional topologies, have played a fundamental role in many physical fields. Despite knotted vortex loops having been shown to exist in the light field, the three-dimensional configuration of vortex loop is fixed due to their topological robustness, making the fields with different topologies independent of each other. In this work, we established the mapping between the torus knots/links and the integer topological charge of the optical vortex, and demonstrated the change of the intermediate state with fractional charges. Furthermore, we experimentally observed the transformation process of the three-dimensional topological structure by only changing the topological charge. Remarkably, we revealed two different reconnection mechanisms associated with the odd or even index of the torus topology. We hope these results may provide new insight for the study of singular optics and evolution in other physical fields.
18W ultra-narrow diode laser absolutely locked to the Rb D2 line
Authors: Tang Hao , Zhao Huizi , Wang Rui , Li Liang , Yang Zining , Wang Hongyan , Yang Weiqiang , Han Kai , Xu Xiaojun
Published: October 2021

We described a wavelength locked and spectral narrowed high-power diode laser with a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF). By an external cavity with a 85Rb FADOF, the central wavelength of the diode laser was precisely locked to the Rb resonance D2 line. The bandwidth was narrowed from the free-running 4 nm to 0.002 nm (1.2 GHz, FWHM). At 4.9 A maximal driven current, the laser produced a continuous wave (CW) output of 18 W with an external cavity efficiency of 80%, either the current or the temperature had no impact on the central wavelength of the diode laser. The Rb cell works well without any damage under a long-time running. This ultra-stable and extreme-narrowed high power diode laser would find many applications in alkali lasers pumping, metastable rare gas laser pumping, spin-exchange optical pumping, and quantum optics.
Graphdiyne-deposited microfiber structure all-optical modulator at the telecommunication band
Authors: Zhang Kuokuo , Bao Wenli , Chen Xing , Lu Shunbin
Published: October 2021

All-optical modulator is a crucial device in next generation of all-optical communications, interconnects, and signal processing. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical phase modulator with graphdiyne (GDY)-deposited microfiber structure. The phase shift of the signal light can be readily controlled by pump light by thermo-optic effect. This all-optical modulator can achieve a phase shift slope of 0.0296 π·mW−1 and a rising time of 5.48 ms at 25 Hz (3 ms, 50 Hz). Modes distributions in GDY-deposited microfiber at different wavelength are numerical analyzed and the normalized phase conversion efficiency of GDY are calculated. The results show that GDY has a considerable normalized phase conversion efficiency of 0.1644 π·mW−1·mm−1, which is higher than that of graphene, MXene and WS2 based all-optical modulators. This work proves the potential of GDY in all-optical modulator device at telecommunication band and provides a support to all-optical signal processing systems.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of the tool indentation effect in ultra-precision tool- servo-based diamond cutting of optical microstructured surfaces
Authors: Yuan Wei , Cheung Chi Fai
Published: October 2021

Ultra-precision tool-servo-based diamond cutting (UTSDC) is a promising technology for fabricating true 3-dimensional optical microstructures. The diamond tool in UTSDC moves alternatively upward and downward along the thrust direction. However, most studies on the material removal mechanism are limited to the orthogonal cutting condition where the depth of cut is invariant. The effect caused by the tool motion in the thrust direction has been overlooked. In this paper, the indentation effect affected by the tool path, tool shape and cutting speed is systematically studied. It is found that the inclined angle between the tool path direction and the main cutting direction plays a key role in the determination of the material spring back and the formation of side burr. The characteristics of indentation force and material spring back indicates that the indentation mechanism is dominant in the cut-in process where the inclined angle is large, while the shearing mechanism is dominant in the cut-out process. A new theory is proposed to explain the tool indentation mechanism in UTSDC, and the simulation results show that the theory can well predict the indentation force under various cutting conditions.
Cell Biology Meets Cell Metabolism: Energy Production Is Similar in Stem Cells and in Cancer Stem Cells in Brain and Bone Marrow
Authors: van Noorden Cornelis J.F. , Breznik Barbara , Novak Metka , van Dijck Amber J. , Tanan Saloua , Vittori Miloš , Bogataj Urban , Bakker Noëlle , Khoury Joseph D. , Molenaar Remco J. , Hira Vashendriya V.V.
Published: October 2021

Energy production by means of ATP synthesis in cancer cells has been investigated frequently as a potential therapeutic target in this century. Both (an)aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) have been studied. Here, we review recent literature on energy production in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) versus their normal counterparts, neural stem cells (NSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), respectively. These two cancer stem cell types were compared because their niches in glioblastoma tumors and in bone marrow are similar. In this study, it became apparent that (1) ATP is produced in NSCs and HSCs by anaerobic glycolysis, whereas fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is essential for their stem cell fate and (2) ATP is produced in GSCs and LSCs by OXPHOS despite the hypoxic conditions in their niches with FAO and amino acids providing its substrate. These metabolic processes appeared to be under tight control of cellular regulation mechanisms which are discussed in depth. However, our conclusion is that systemic therapeutic targeting of ATP production via glycolysis or OXPHOS is not an attractive option because of its unwanted side effects in cancer patients.
Starting parenting in isolation a qualitative user-initiated study of parents’ experiences with hospitalization in Neonatal Intensive Care units during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kynø Nina M. , Fugelseth Drude , Knudsen Lina Merete Mæland , Tandberg Bente Silnes
Published: October 2021

Background

Worldwide, strict infection control measures including visitation regulations were implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic at Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). These regulations gave restricted access for parents to their hospitalized infants. The consequence was limited ability to involve in the care of their infants. At Oslo University Hospital entry to NICU was denied to all except healthy mothers in March 2020. The absolute access ban for fathers lasted for 10 weeks. The aim of this study was to explore parental experiences with an infant hospitalized in the NICU during this absolute visitation ban period.

Methods

We invited post discharge all parents of surviving infants that had been hospitalized for at least 14 days to participate. They were interviewed during autumn 2020 using an explorative semi-structured interview approach. Data were analyzed via inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Nine mothers and four fathers participated. The COVID-19 regulations strongly impacted the parent’s experiences of their stay. The fathers’ limited access felt life-impacting. Parents struggled to become a family and raised their voices to be heard. Not being able to experience parenthood together led to emotional loneliness. The fathers struggled to learn how to care for their infant. The regulations might lead to a postponed attachment. On the other hand, of positive aspect the parents got some quietness. Being hospitalized during this first wave was experienced as exceptional and made parents seeking alliances by other parents. Social media was used to keep in contact with the outside world.

Conclusions

The regulations had strong negative impact on parental experiences during the NICU hospitalization. The restriction to fathers’ access to the NICU acted as a significant obstacle to early infant-father bonding and led to loneliness and isolation by the mothers. Thus, these COVID-19 measures might have had adverse consequences for families.
Tobacco smoking initiation among students in Samoa and health concerns
Authors: Singh Baljeet , Chand Shamal Shivneel , Chen Hong
Published: October 2021

Background

High prevalence of tobacco smoking among young students remains a serious health concern given the positive association between smoking and NCDs. More recently, some studies also noted young smokers were more likely to get infected with COVID-19 compared to non-smokers. This study aims to assess the factors that influence smoking uptake among young students in Samoa. Findings from this study will provide valuable insight to policymakers and health authorities on policies and strategies to combat smoking among youth in Samoa and the Pacific Island Countries (PICs).

Methods

The 2017 Global Youth Tobacco Survey data of Samoa, available from the World Health Organization is used in the analysis. We use the multinominal logistic model to investigate the effects of socio-economic and demographics factors on young students’ uptake of smoking in Samoa.

Result

The main findings of this study indicate that sex, age, friendship, parental smoking, family discussion, outside influence, pocket money, and mother’s education are important determinants of tobacco smoking initiation among youths in Samoa.

Conclusion

Our findings contribute towards the evidence of the imperative health impact of friends, parents, and public smoking on students in Samoa. This warrants strategies that are effective in discouraging parents from smoking and implement measures that prevent smoking in public places. Moreover, educational efforts, particularly those that encourage more discussion at home settings on the harmful effects of smoking are strongly recommended. Parents are strongly encouraged to regularly monitor children’s spending behaviour.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections among undocumented migrants and uninsured legal residents in the Netherlands: A cross-sectional study, 2018–2019
Authors: Klok Sarineke , van Dulm Eline , Boyd Anders , Generaal Ellen , Eskander Sally , Joore Ivo Kim , van Cleef Brigitte , Siedenburg Evelien , Bruisten Sylvia , van Duijnhoven Yvonne , Tramper-Stranders Gerdien , Prins Maria
Published: October 2021

Background

Migrants are not routinely screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Netherlands. We estimated the prevalence and determined factors associated with HBV, HCV and/or HIV infections among undocumented migrants and uninsured legal residents.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, undocumented migrants and uninsured legal residents were recruited at a non governmental organization (NGO), healthcare facility in the Netherlands and were invited to be tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBcAb), HCV-RNA, and anti-HIV antibodies or HIV antigen at a local laboratory.

Results

Of the 1376 patients invited, 784 (57%) participated. Participants originated from Africa (35%), Asia (30%) and North/South America (30%). 451/784 (58%) participants went to the laboratory for testing. Of participants 30% were HBV exposed (anti-HBcAb-positive), with 27% (n = 119/438, 95% CI 23.1% to 31.6%) having resolved HBV infection (HBsAg-negative) and 2.5% (n = 11/438, 95%CI 1.3% to 4.5%, 64% new infection) having chronic HBV infection (HBsAg-positive). Compared to HBV non-exposed, HBV exposed individuals were older (p = 0.034) and more often originated from Africa (p<0.001). Prevalence of chronic HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) was 0.7% (n = 3/435, 95%CI 0.1% to 2.0%, all new infections) and HIV infection 1.1% (n = 5/439, 95%CI 0.04% to 2.6%, 40% new infection).

Conclusion

Prevalence of chronic HBV, chronic HCV and HIV infections in our study population is higher compared to the Dutch population, thus emphasizing the importance of case finding for these infections through primary care and public health in this specific group of migrants. Screening uptake could be improved by on-site testing.
Construction of ceRNA network to identify the lncRNA and mRNA related to non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xiao Kui , Wang Yang , Zhou Lihua , Wang Jufen , Wang Yaohui , Tong De , Zhu Zhiruo , Jiang Jiehan
Published: October 2021

Background

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harms human health, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. We wish to provide more molecular therapeutic targets for NSCLC.

Methods

The NSCLC tissue and normal tissue samples were screened for genetic comparison in the TCGA database. The predicted lncRNA and mRNA in BEAS2B and A549 cells were detected.

Results

Volcano plot displayed differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in adjacent tissues and NSCLC tissues. The survival curve showed that the lncRNA and mRNA had a significant impact on the patient’s survival. The results of GO term enrichment analysis indicated that mRNA functions were enriched in cell cycle-related pathways. In the ceRNA interaction network, 13 lncRNAs and 20 miRNAs were found to have an interactive relationship. Finally, 3 significantly different lncRNAs (LINC00968, lnc-FAM92A-9 and lnc-PTGFR-1) and 6 mRNAs (CTCFL, KRT5, LY6D, TMEM, GBP6, and TMEM179) with potential therapeutic significance were screened out. And the cell experiment verified our results.

Conclusion

We screened out clinically significant 3 lncRNAs and 6 mRNAs involved in the ceRNA network, which were the key to our future research on the treatment of NSCLC.
mRNA codon optimization with quantum computers
Authors: Fox Dillion M. , Branson Kim M. , Walker Ross C.
Published: October 2021

Reverse translation of polypeptide sequences to expressible mRNA constructs is a NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. Each amino acid in the protein sequence can be represented by as many as six codons, and the process of selecting the combination that maximizes probability of expression is termed codon optimization. This work investigates the potential impact of leveraging quantum computing technology for codon optimization. A Quantum Annealer (QA) is compared to a standard genetic algorithm (GA) programmed with the same objective function. The QA is found to be competitive in identifying optimal solutions. The utility of gate-based systems is also evaluated using a simulator resulting in the finding that while current generations of devices lack the hardware requirements, in terms of both qubit count and connectivity, to solve realistic problems, future generation devices may be highly efficient.
Attractivity analysis on a neoclassical growth system incorporating
patch structure and multiple pairs of time-varying delays
Authors: Cao Qian
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we focus on the global dynamics of a neoclassical
growth system incorporating patch structure and multiple pairs of
time-varying delays. Firstly, we prove the global existence, positiveness
and boundedness of solutions for the addressed system. Secondly, by
employing some novel differential inequality analyses and the fluctuation
lemma, both delay-independent and delay-dependent criteria are established
to ensure that all solutions are convergent to the unique positive
equilibrium point, which supplement and improve some existing results.
Finally, some numerical examples are afforded to illustrate the
effectiveness and feasibility of the theoretical findings.
Autonomic dysfunction in postoperative primitive neuroectodermal tumor of heart
Authors: Anil Abhijith K , Vanidassane Ilavarasi , Netam Ritesh , Pushpam Deepam , Bakhshi Sameer , Deepak K K
Published: October 2021

We present a patient with a primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from the right atrium who experienced multiple syncope episodes daily, which had first appeared 1 month after surgery. The symptoms continued to worsen over the course of chemotherapy, and the autonomic function test (AFT) was performed after the 14th chemotherapy cycle. The AFT revealed orthostatic hypotension and reduced baroreflex-dependent sympathetic reactivity. Physical counterpressure techniques were applied with a visual biofeedback intervention, and were found to be effective in reducing the syncope episodes.
Carotid duplex ultrasound: interpretations and clinical applications
Authors: Choi Hye-Yeon
Published: October 2021

Carotid duplex ultrasound is commonly used to diagnose various carotid artery diseases due to it being noninvasive and easy to perform. Carotid atherosclerosis is a major indicator for the need to perform carotid duplex ultrasound, which can determine the degree of stenosis, plaque characteristics, and intima-media thickness. It can also be used to screen and follow-up after carotid revascularization. Here we discuss the standard techniques, interpretations, and clinical indicators for carotid duplex ultrasounds.
Introduction of brain computer interface to neurologists
Authors: Kim Do-Hyung , Yeom Hong Gi , Kim Minjung , Kim Seung Hwan , Yang Tae-Won , Kwon Oh-Young , Kim Young-Soo
Published: October 2021

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a technology that acquires and analyzes electrical signals from the brain to control external devices. BCI technologies can generally be used to control a computer cursor, limb orthosis, or word processing. This technology can also be used as a neurological rehabilitation tool for people with poor motor control. We reviewed historical attempts and methods toward predicting arm movements using brain waves. In addition, representative studies of minimally invasive and noninvasive BCI were summarized.
Tracce di una storia della pedagogia del neonato in Europa dall’Umanesimo al primo Novecento
Authors: Scaglia Evelina
Published: October 2021

La proposta di scoprire alcune tracce di una storia della pedagogia del neonato in Europa dall’Umanesimo al primo Novecento è finalizzata a mostrare, attraverso la rilettura di alcuni autori significativi, il legame esistente nello sviluppo della loro riflessione pedagogica fra la genesi storica e la manifestazione morfologica dei processi educativi nell’esperienza di ciascuna persona. L’articolo intende affrontare un primo approfondimento di tale questione, nell’ottica di fornire anche un contributo alla formazione dei genitori e degli educatori impegnati nei servizi dell’Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC).
O Ensino Secundário em Portugal e no Brasil no Século XX
Authors: Gatti Giseli Cristina do Vale , Alves Luís Alberto Marques
Published: October 2021

Este artigo aborda, em perspectiva comparada, a temática do Ensino Secundário em Portugal e no Brasil durante o Século XX. Parte-se de uma discussão conceitual e de uma contextualização histórica do que se passou em ambos os países no período delimitado. Em seguida, faz-se uma apresentação da bibliografia de referência e de uma parte significativa da historiografia existente sobre este nível de ensino em Portugal e no Brasil. Depois, examina-se a legislação e alguns aspectos relacionados às instituições escolares, seus currículos e práticas. Ao final, apontam-se semelhanças e diferenças entre os percursos e a situação atual do Ensino Secundário em Portugal e no Brasil.
A incomum trajetória de uma educadora popular
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Rogério de Oliveira , Barreira Luiz Carlos
Published: October 2021

O artigo discorre sobre a trajetória profissional de uma educadora popular que começou a se tornar professora quando ainda era adolescente, em uma fazenda de café, no estado do Paraná. Já adulta e residente em um bairro periférico da cidade de São Paulo, aproximou-se e passou a militar no Movimento dos Trabalhadores sem Terra – MST. Graças a essa sua militância, pôde graduar-se em Pedagogia (da Terra) e realizar uma especialização sobre o uso de sementes nativas e crioulas na agricultura. Não por acaso, advoga, hoje, uma educação do campo para o campo, ou seja, uma educação pensada e praticada por aqueles que, como ela, vivem em acampamentos e assentamentos de terra. A trajetória dessa educadora foi reconstruída por meio de entrevistas realizadas conforme procedimentos de pesquisa observados por historiadores que atuam no campo da História Oral. O mesmo ocorreu em relação à narração, que foi pensada, estruturada e produzida também de acordo com tais procedimentos, especialmente aqueles relacionados a uma técnica particular, denominada transcriação de entrevistas.
A categoria território no contexto do Banco de Dados da Luta pela Terra
Authors: Rossetto Onélia Carmem , Nora Giseli Dalla , Lima Diogo Marcelo Delben Ferreira de
Published: October 2021

O DATALUTA (Banco de Dados da Luta pela Terra) é um projeto de extensão e pesquisa articulado em rede que congrega múltiplos grupos de pesquisas nacionais e internacionais. Entre as categorias investigadas no âmbito do projeto, estão território, territorialização e desterritorialização. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivos: contribuir com a discussão teórica de tais categorias, identificando os principais autores nacionais e suas perspectivas de análise; de forma concomitante busca identificar o enfoque dado a estas categorias geográficas no boletim DATALUTA, um dos veículos de comunicação vinculado ao projeto. Os aportes metodológicos foram subsidiados pela análise de conteúdo, por meio das fases, a saber:  a) busca para seleção de artigos nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online-SciELO e Google Acadêmico; b) revisão dos textos subsidiados por critérios pré-selecionados; c) seleção das palavras mais citadas nos artigos por meio do software NVIVO; d) identificação dos autores e respectivas obras com maior número de citações. Para o boletim DATALUTA, repetiu-se seleção das palavras mais citadas nos artigos com apoio do software. Os textos e as respectivas “nuvens de palavras” foram analisadas e possibilitaram aprofundamentos comparativos entre as categorias geográficas e também entre as perspectivas da questão agrária brasileira.
Harnessing the Power of Community Science to Address Data Gaps in Arctic Observing: Invasive Species in Alaska as Case Examples
Authors: Schwoerer Tobias , Spellman Katie V. , Davis Tammy J. , Lee Olivia , Martin Aaron , Mulder Christa P.H. , Swenson Nicole Y. , Taylor Audrey , Winter Genelle
Published: October 2021

The Arctic is undergoing large-scale changes that are likely to accelerate in future decades such as introductions and expansions of invasive species. The Arctic is in a unique position to prevent new introductions and spread of existing invasive species by adopting policies and actions aimed at early detection. Responding to threats from invasive species to minimize impacts to ecosystems, communities, food security, and northern economies will necessitate extensive observations and monitoring, but resource managers often face decisions without having adequate data and resources at hand. Local observing programs such as citizen science and community-based monitoring programs present attractive methods for increasing observing capacity that span contributory and co-created approaches while raising awareness of an issue among stakeholders. While the co-created model has been widely applied and encouraged in the Arctic context, contributory citizen science programs offer an additional tool for addressing observing needs in the Arctic. We showcase three contributory citizen science programs related to freshwater, terrestrial, and marine environments that have supported the objectives of the Alaska Invasive Species Partnership. We discuss criteria for achieving ARIAS priority actions at the participant scale related to participants’ motivation and participants’ understanding of the value of their contributions, at the programmatic scale, for example promoting accessible, reciprocal, and transparent knowledge exchange, and at the policy and science scale where management action is data driven. The approach is aimed at successful integration of citizen science into Arctic policy making. Finally, we discuss challenges related to broader global data collection and future directions for contributory citizen science within Arctic observing networks.
The Effect of E-commerce Live Streaming Shopping on Consumers' Purchase Intention in China-Focusing on Features of Streamers and Contents
Authors: Cho June-Suh , Yang Liu-Qing
Published: October 2021

In China, online live streaming shopping as a part of e-commerce shows rapid growth, while many sellers can not achieve the economic benefits as expected. This study mainly extracts, analyzes, and examines the general features of e-commerce live streaming shopping, positively affecting consumers' purchase intentions. Many UGC sellers can obtain some practical ways to output more high-quality content with limited resources.

This study places the following nine features as independent hypotheses: streamer's professionalism, awareness, homogeneity, attractiveness, reliability, contents’ interaction, entertainment, discount, uniqueness, and consumers’ purchase intention taken as a dependent variable. As a result of statistical analysis of the data collected through the survey, all nine hypotheses were adopted.
Household food security access, and amidst Covid-19: a study case in Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Osea Emilio Edu Nguema , Jian Wang
Published: October 2021

Food is of primary importance for households. Equatorial Guinea (EG) has progressed much in income growth but less in living standard, which includes food security. To situating food–insecurity prevalence in EG, this paper researches household food security-access, and its link-cause to agriculture–considering the Covid-19– using the Household Hunger Scale (HHS). On the data, we surveyed 400 households, imparted in EG rural and urban areas of Bioko Island and the mainland. The results reveal a 2.4 mean for both rural and urban Bioko, placing households at moderate hunger level. On the mainland, rural scores 3.21 (the area most affected), yet falling in moderate hunger level; while the urban scores best 0.64 and stands in the food-safe zone. It derives that diet is rather monotonous and embrace–mainly– carbohydrates rice, bread, cassava, and plantain. A focus on boosting the productivity of staples is paramount for Food security and even national security.
Title: The Great Gatsby: A Story of The American Dream and The Social Conflict
Authors: Alaabed Abdullah Abdulhaq Hussien
Published: October 2021

The Great Gatsby is a novel that was written in 1925 by Scott Fitzgerald. it represents The American Dream and the desire of achieving it through the protagonist attempts to achieve The American Dream. The protagonist is Jay Gatsby he is a self-made man who belongs to the working class of society, he gained his wealth through the organized crime and illegal business, Jay was charmed by the lifestyle of the rich people and the identity of being one of them. He used his fortune to make incredible parties in his mansion showing his wealth power and to attract Daisy’s attention, the women he loves most. Gatsby represents the American dreamers who belong to the repressed class of society, this young generation who believes in The American Dream and the possibility of achieving it. The American Dream was created by the dominant class of society in order to control the economic system.

The falsie fact that this dream was built upon is the social justice, the social equality that gives equal chances to everyone to achieve their desires via hard work without concern about their social background. The American Dream is mainly about either wealth obtaining which was the aspiration of these young working-class people or social ascendency. Gatsby despite his recent gained fortune and new identity as he changed his name from James to Jay Gatsby was not able to be a member of the bourgeoisies; he was rejected due to his social background. Therefore, the social equality concept was denied alongside the hard work and equality of chances in achieving The American Dream was denied by the illegal career of Gatsby.
Experience of diagnosis and time of chemotherapy of women with breast cancer
Authors: Kellerer Jan Daniel , Haun Magdalena , Rohringer Matthias
Published: October 2021

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in women worldwide and affects all dimensions of health. The aim of this meta-aggregative review is to describe the experience of diagnosis and the subsequent period of therapy of women with breast cancer. Following a systematic literature research, ten publications were included in the meta-aggregative review and the study results were synthesized by categorization. Emotional burden, challenges, psychosocial support, and individual coping strategies were described by affected women, and disease-related information sharing and fulfilment of expectations in health professionals were experienced as unsatisfactory. There is a need for improvement in the context of information and counseling measures by health professionals.
Using artificial intelligence in a primary care setting to identify patients at risk for cancer: a risk prediction model based on routine laboratory tests
Authors: Soerensen Patricia Diana , Christensen Henry , Gray Worsoe Laursen Soeren , Hardahl Christian , Brandslund Ivan , Madsen Jonna Skov
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the ability of an artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict the risk of cancer in patients referred from primary care based on routine blood tests. Results obtained with the AI model are compared to results based on logistic regression (LR).

Methods

An analytical profile consisting of 25 predefined routine laboratory blood tests was introduced to general practitioners (GPs) to be used for patients with non-specific symptoms, as an additional tool to identify individuals at increased risk of cancer. Consecutive analytical profiles ordered by GPs from November 29th 2011 until March 1st 2020 were included. AI and LR analysis were performed on data from 6,592 analytical profiles for their ability to detect cancer. Cohort I for model development included 5,224 analytical profiles ordered by GP’s from November 29th 2011 until the December 31st 2018, while 1,368 analytical profiles included from January 1st 2019 until March 1st 2020 constituted the “out of time” validation test Cohort II. The main outcome measure was a cancer diagnosis within 90 days.

Results

The AI model based on routine laboratory blood tests can provide an easy-to use risk score to predict cancer within 90 days. Results obtained with the AI model were comparable to results from the LR model. In the internal validation Cohort IB, the AI model provided slightly better results than the LR analysis both in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and PPV, sensitivity/specificity while in the “out of time” validation test Cohort II, the obtained results were comparable.

Conclusions

The AI risk score may be a valuable tool in the clinical decision-making. The score should be further validated to determine its applicability in other populations.
Healthcare workers’ knowledge of evidence-based guidelines for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in Hodeida, Yemen
Authors: Alkubati Sameer A. , Saghir Sultan A. M. , Al-Sayaghi Khaled M. , Alhariri Abdullah , Al-Areefi Mahmoud
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in patients requiring mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs). VAP is associated with delayed extubation, prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs and mortality rates. The aims of this study to evaluate the level of knowledge for the prevention of VAP among healthcare workers (HCWs) in ICUs and to assess their knowledge in relation to their socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods

A descriptive, cross-sectional design was conducted to assess HCWs’ knowledge of the guidelines for prevention of VAP in the ICUs of public and private hospitals in Hodeida city, Yemen. Around 140 self-administered multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed between April and July 2017.

Results

A total of 120 (85.6%) HCWs completed questionnaire were obtained (20 physicians, 20 anesthesia technicians and 80 nurses) in this study. The total mean score of the HCWs’ knowledge was low (41 ± 18). A statistically significant difference was found in the HCWs’ knowledge scores according to their specialties and gender. Anesthesia technicians had the highest knowledge score followed by physicians and nurses (52.2 ± 16.2, 45.6 ± 21.2 and 37.1 ± 16.9, respectively, p=0.002). Males had higher scores than females (Median [IQR] 4 [3–5] vs. 3 [2–4], p<0.001). Participants who received information about the prevention of VAP had better knowledge than those who did not (46.2 ± 17.7 vs. 36.8 ± 17.3, p=0.006).

Conclusions

HCWs had a low knowledge level of the guidelines for the prevention of VAP, which may affect their practice. HCWs’ knowledge was affected by their previous received information that increases the necessity to provide them with regular in-service education and training programs.
Auricular field nerve stimulation using the NSS-2 BRIDGE® device as an alternative to opioids following kidney donor surgery
Authors: Chelly Jacques E. , Monroe Amy L. , Planinsic Raymond M. , Tevar Amit , Norton Brittany E.
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role that the NSS-2 BRIDGE® device, an auricular field nerve stimulator, may play in reducing opioid requirement and pain in kidney donor surgery. It was not a randomized study. Electrophysiologic studies have demonstrated that the stimulation of the cranial nerves produced by the NSS-2 BRIDGE® device modulates the ascending/descending spinal pain pathways, especially at the level of the limbic system.

Methods

The design compared the effects of the NSS-2 BRIDGE® device (NSS 2-BRIDGE® device group; n=10) to a control group (n=10). In both groups, the surgery was performed using the same standard enhanced recovery after surgery protocol based on the use of a multimodal analgesic approach. For the active treatment group, the NSS-2 BRIDGE® device was placed in the post anesthesia care unit. The primary endpoint was opioid requirement (oral morphine equivalent, OME in mg) at 24 h post-surgery. Secondary endpoints included pain (0–10), at 24 and 48 h, time to discharge from the recovery room, incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting at 24 h, time to oral intake, time to ambulation, and time to discharge from the hospital. Data was analyzed using unpaired t-test and presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Results

Compared to control, the use of the NSS-2 BRIDGE® was associated with a 75.4% reduction in OME (33.6 vs. 8.3 mg; p=0.03) and 41.5% reduction in pain (5 vs. 3.28; p=0.06) at 24 h and a 73.3% difference in pain at 48 h (1.6 ± 1.6 vs. 6.0 ± 2.8; p=0.0004). There was no difference in non-opioid analgesics administration between groups.

Conclusions

The tolerability of NSS-2 BRIDGE® device was reported by most to be excellent. This study suggests that the NSS-2 BRIDGE® device may represent a complementary approach for controlling postoperative opioid consumption and pain in patients undergoing kidney donation.