bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Study on the Rheological Properties of Collagen/PVA Spinning Solutions from Acetic Acid Solvent
Authors: Yuanyuan Zhou , Song Li , Shuchun Yu , Boyu Dong , Zhitao Xu , Liming Li
Published: February 2022

Collagen and polyvinylalcohol (PVA) are extremely important in the applications of biomaterials including with electrospinning and wet-spinning methods. However, the rheological behavior of collagen and PVA blended solutions before spinning is still scarce. In this work, collagen was
firstly extracted from pigskin building on the maximum maintenance of the natural structure and blended with PVA. The following detailed investigation on the viscosity and the rheology of blended solutions were carried out by rotate rheometer. The obtained results suggested that collagen/PVA
solutions performed as Non-Newtonian fluids. Significantly, all the samples showed the shear thinning pseudoplastic behaviors with the steady shear rate. With increasing the collagen content or decreasing the operating temperature, the viscosity of blended solutions both increased at the same
shear rate of 16.8 s−1, accompanied by the fall of the Non-Newtonian index (n) for the collagen/PVA samples. Furthermore, both low temperature and high concentration increased the structure of the spinning solution, which indicated that the temperature should be controlled
in a higher range to improve the spinnability of the solution, but without collagen decomposition in the whole process. The increase of PVA content could reduce the degree of system structure, that was to say that the addition of PVA improved the spinnability of the system. As an application,
the solution of collagen/PVA was wet spinned with the ethanol absolute as coagulant and collagen/PVA composite fibers were successfully prepared, which have compensated for the disadvantage of mono-component collagen materials. Of course, this experimental results is not limited to the above
application, which really extends the potential use of collagen/PVA blended solutions towards the design of the collagenbased biomaterials.
Ginkgolic Acid Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Glioblastoma Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis
Authors: Li Xiaoshuai , Liu Tingting , Chen Jiayu , Alkhanjaf Abdulrab Ahmed M. , Zhang Dianbao
Published: February 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor with high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Ginkgolic acid (GA), a botanical component extracted from the leaves and seed coat of Ginkgo biloba L., presented various bioactivities including anti-tumor,
neuroprotective, and anti-bacterial effects. However, the effects of GA on GBM cells were still unclear. In the study, GA was found to present effective inhibition on the cell viability and migration of GBM cells. Results of the Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and nucleus morphology assay revealed
that apoptosis of GBM cells was triggered by GA treatment. By flow cytometry, real-time PCR and western blotting assay, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase by GA treatment was shown with the downregulation of CCNA and CCNB. Further investigation validated that the intracellular reactive oxygen
species was accumulated after GA treatment. Moreover, GA upregulated the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK. These results indicated that GA exhibited effective inhibition on cell proliferation and migration by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in GBM cells. Further, production of
reactive oxygen species and MAPK signaling were involved in GA induced anti-GBM effects.
Tercile Forecasts for Extending the Horizon of Skillful Hydrological Predictions
Authors: Bogner Konrad , Chang Annie Y.-Y. , Bernhard Luzi , Zappa Massimiliano , Monhart Samuel , Spirig Christoph
Published: February 2022

Medium to subseasonal hydrological forecasts contain more information relevant to water and environmental management tasks than climatological forecasts. However, extracting this information at the most appropriate level of accuracy and spatiotemporal resolution remains a difficulty. Many studies show that the skill of the extended range forecasts with daily resolution tends toward zero after 7–14 days for small mountainous catchments. Beyond that forecast horizon the application of highly sophisticated pre- and postprocessing methods generally produce limited gains. Consequently, current forecasting techniques cannot effectively represent forecast extremes at extended ranges such as anomalously high and low runoff or soil moisture. To tackle these deficiencies, this study analyzes the value of tercile forecasts for weekly aggregates of runoff and soil moisture forecasts available at a daily resolution for Switzerland. The forecasts are classified into three categories: below, above, and normal conditions, which are derived from long-term simulations and correspond approximately to climatological conditions. To achieve improved reliability and skill of the predicted tercile probabilities, a nonparametric probabilistic classification method has been tested. It is based on Gaussian process (GP), which is attractive in machine learning (ML) applications because of its ability to estimate the predictive uncertainty. The outcome of these postprocessed forecasts was compared to preprocessing methods where the meteorological predictions are statistically corrected before passing to the hydrological model. Our results indicate that tercile forecasts of weekly aggregates produce a suitable skill up to 3 weeks lead time using the preprocessed input and up to 4 weeks lead time using the GP method.
Modeling Status Interventions with Affect Control Theory
Authors: Soboroff Shane D. , Kelley Christopher P.
Published: February 2022

Status interventions alter task group members’ expectations for the value of each other’s contributions. While research shows that status interventions increase the likelihood that a higher-status actor will accept influence from a lower-status actor, the process by which interventions unfold during interaction deserves theoretical attention. By conceiving status interventions as lines of action that carry cultural meaning, sociologists can use structural theories of symbolic interaction such as Affect Control Theory (ACT) to better understand them. One status intervention involves lower-status actors presenting themselves as group-motivated to counter expectations that lower-status actors are self-interested. An interaction simulator based in ACT, INTERACT, allows us to demonstrate how group-motivation alters impressions of lower-status actors from the perspective of a higher-status actor. Given that gender has been identified as a status characteristic that favors men in the U.S., we use INTERACT to model the effect of a woman presenting herself as group motivated on a man’s impressions. Results suggest that qualitative insights from INTERACT can be used to further explore the relationship between status interventions and hierarchy in everyday life.
How “Stuff” Matters in Affect Control Theory
Authors: Lulham Rohan , Shank Daniel B.
Published: February 2022

Physical artifacts are not neutral but are increasingly recognized across the social sciences as important to structuring meaning and social interaction. Affect control theory shows promise as a framework for articulating and exploring the role of the material world in everyday life. In this study, we formalize, extend, and elaborate this line of research, instituting physical artifacts within affect control theory. We examine how physical artifacts function within affect control theory as modifiers of identities. We undertake a full-scale identity-modification study, collecting affective meaning data from 825 respondents on 58 identities, 52 physical artifacts, and 212 artifact-modified identities across a range of identities and artifact types. We empirically estimate how physical artifacts change perceptions of identities and illustrate the application of the new equations by deriving artifact-modified identities from a range of hypothetical scenarios. Using a transformation of the equations, we also simulate how people may use physical artifacts to create a desired impression when occupying different identities. Through establishing physical artifacts within affect control theory, this research raises new questions and opportunities for the theory and those interested in the design, use, and experience of physical artifacts .
Content and Accessibility of Surgical Critical Care Fellowship Websites in the United States
Authors: Ferre Alexandra C. , Ho Vanessa P. , Lasinski Alaina , Claridge Jeffrey A.
Published: February 2022

Background

Resident physicians are using the Internet to gather information about graduate medical education programs. The content of fellowship websites has been demonstrated to influence applicants’ decisions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content of the surgical critical care fellowship (SCCF) program websites.

Methods

A list of Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) SCCF programs was obtained, and compared to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) list of accredited programs. The accessibility of each website was assessed through Google®. Content areas were assessed for each SCCF website.

Results

At the time of this study, 76 SCCF were listed on the EAST website and an additional 14 were supplied by the AAST database. 125 programs were listed in the ACGME database. Of the 76 SCCF listed by EAST, 44 (58%), 32 (42%), and 7 (9%) of SCCF programs had an EAST listing that was 3, 5, or 10 years or more out of date, respectively. Of the 90 SCCF programs listed on EAST or AAST sites, 36 programs (40%) had an inaccurate PD named on their listing. One hundred and nineteen of the 125 (95%) SCCF programs had websites accessible through Google®. Only 25 (20%) programs had a website containing a program description, faculty list, curriculum, and current/past fellows list.

Conclusions

Many SCCF websites lacked information regarding program specifics. Valuable information for potential applicants was inadequate across SCCF websites.
Evaluating Risk of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Otologic Surgery
Authors: Cass Nathan D. , Perkins Elizabeth L. , Bennett Marc L. , Ricketts Todd A.
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

To evaluate risk for noise-induced hearing damage from otologic surgery-related noise exposure, given recent research indicating that noise levels previously believed to be safe and without long-term consequence may result in cochlear synaptopathy with subsequent degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons, degradation of neural transmission in response to suprathreshold acoustic stimuli, and difficulty understanding in background noise.

Methods:

A prospective observational study of surgeon noise exposure during otologic and neurotologic procedures was performed in a tertiary care center. Surgeon noise exposure was recorded in A- and C-weighted decibel scales (dBA, dBC), including average equivalent (LAeq) and peak (LApeak, LCpeak) levels and noise dose.

Results:

Sound measurements taken at the ear with continuous recording equipment during cadaveric otologic surgery demonstrated LAeq 80-83 dBA, LApeaks of 105 dBA, LCpeaks of 127 dBC, with noise doses of 0.9% to 6.7%. Sound level measurements during live surgery translabyrinthine approaches yielded lower LAeq of 72 to 74 dBA and lower noise doses compared with temporal bone lab measurements. Raw sound recordings during live surgery demonstrated narrow band, high frequency, high amplitude spikes between 4 and 12 kHz.

Conclusion:

Noise exposure to surgeons, staff, and patients in the operating room is acceptable per NIOSH recommendations. Temporal bone lab noise exposures are greater, possibly due to poorly maintained drill systems and lack of noise shielding from microscope bulk, yet are also within NIOSH recommended levels.
Oil “Rents” and Political Development: What Do We Really Know About the Curse of Natural Resources?
Authors: Brooks Sarah M. , Kurtz Marcus J.
Published: February 2022

Research on the political implications of oil wealth is now over two decades old, and yet still unresolved. Despite many advances in this literature, a core concept—resource rents—remains under-theorized, and even less well measured. This mis-measurement, we contend, has direct and significant consequences for theoretical findings on the resource curse. Although rents refer to excessive profits, analyses to date have not directly or indirectly focused on the profitability of oil extraction; instead they rely more often on estimates of gross receipts or exports of natural resources. The largely untested assumption that oil sales consistently produce enormous profits has been the bridge used to treat these as measures of rents, even as the empirical foundations for this claim are shaky. In contrast, we measure the difficulty of oil production using data from over 3800 major oil fields around the globe between 1980 and 2012 to more accurately estimate the income generated by oil production and to calibrate its rent-generating potential using important correlates of its cost of production. The results show that where oil’s cost of production is low, and its profitability high, pernicious regime outcomes are observed in keeping with resource curse claims. However, as production shifts to more challenging sources, oil production loses this association and may well at the extremes be associated with modestly more democratic outcomes. In other words, it is only “easy oil” that may be a curse for democratic development.
Determinants of Export Diversification: Evidence from Fractional Logit Estimation Model
Authors: Swathi. M  , Sridharan P.
Published: February 2022

This article empirically explores the key drivers of export diversification in a large panel of 101 countries consisting of 43 high-income, 47 middle-income, and 11 low-income countries from 1995 to 2019. Considering the fractional nature of the dependent variable (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index), the estimates are obtained using the fractional logit technique with a set of potential determinants of export diversification for all country samples and three sub-samples. The results reveal that human capital accumulation, GDP per capita, population, trade openness, the share of manufactured output to GDP, and FDI are important determinants of export diversification. However, the share of agriculture to GDP and official exchange rate promotes export concentration. Contrary to our all-country estimation, GDP per capita and population act as deterrents to export diversification in low-income countries. In addition, the results show that the value-added in agriculture plays a dominant role in strengthening the export structure of high-income countries. Our findings suggest that policymakers should implement and reform policies targeting human capital accumulation, trade openness, investment, and value addition in the manufacturing sector for diversifying the export structure.

JEL Codes: C33, F14, J24, O1
Finances of Panchayats and Status of Own Revenues in Telangana State: A Critique
Authors: Reddy M. Gopinath , Mohapatra Bishnu Prasad
Published: February 2022

The Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) have emerged as instruments of local government since 1992 with the passage of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act in India. In Telangana, the state government in the recent period has enacted State Panchayat Raj Act and constituted its first State Finance Commission (SFC). This article is a part of a larger study conducted in the context of the constitution of the first SFC. The article reveals that the own revenue of panchayats is quite low and transfer from the state and central governments constitute two key sources of these bodies. However, these bodies have faced various internal and external challenges while imposing and implementing taxes and fees to augment their sources of revenues. It is on this reality that this article suggests for the devolution of more taxes to PRIs by the SFC for strengthening their revenues and sharing at least 10% of the state’s revenue to meet service delivery functions.
‘It is God that Does Everything, Including Winning Football Trophies’: Exploring Thanksgiving Ceremonies by Liverpool F.C. Supporters Club in a Nigerian Town
Authors: Uwaegbute Kingsley Ikechukwu
Published: February 2022

This article explored a new approach to football fandom by Liverpool F.C. supporters club in Nsukka, Nigeria. Between 2019 and 2020, this group embarked on thanksgiving ceremonies to commemorate the successes of Liverpool F.C. within that period. The study adopted participant observation and oral interviews as methods of data collection. Findings show that the reason for the thanksgiving ceremonies by the group is anchored on a tenacious faith in God, who can do all things, including helping Liverpool F.C. win trophies. This finding brings to scholarly attention the much-neglected role the Christian faith plays in football fandom among young people in Nsukka, Nigeria.
The Will of the Führer? Financing Construction for the 1936 Olympics
Authors: O’Byrne Darren M. , Young Christopher
Published: February 2022

This article examines how construction for the 1936 Olympic Games was funded. Based on a range of previously untapped sources, it fills an important gap in the literature by examining how the Nazi regime financed signature infrastructure projects like the Olympic Stadium and the German Sports Forum, which together hosted most major sporting events during the Games. It also challenges the Nazi propaganda image, unchecked due to a lack of scholarly attention, that Hitler played a central role in bringing the Olympic stadium to completion. Indeed, by analysing the debates over who should pay for what and where the money should come from, this article will highlight what lay behind the ‘will of the Führer’: a convoluted administrative process involving different individuals and agencies, all of whom wanted to profit from construction without taking responsibility for it. In unpicking this myth, finally, this article will also address two further shortcomings in the literature: first, an imprecision over the motivation for Hitler's intervention in October 1933; and second, unsubstantiated claims about the sums Germany invested in hosting the Games, which will be shown to be grossly overinflated.
Attentional Features of Mindfulness are Better Predictors of Face Recognition than Empathy and Compassion-Based Constructs
Authors: Giannou Kyriaki , Lander Karen , Taylor Jason R.
Published: February 2022

Recent research has employed measures of either empathy, compassion or mindfulness and linked better face recognition memory to higher scores of identification with all humanity and mindfulness but not empathy or compassion. Additionally, empathy, compassion and mindfulness have been suggested as concepts that intertwine, but research has not yet examined how their respective personality questionnaires map onto latent concepts. We employed these measures together to explore their factor structure and, using structural equation modelling, we investigated if the suggested latent variables predict recognition memory performance for face and non-face stimuli. Attentional notions of mindfulness described a latent factor that predicted face recognition. All self-compassion facets and the non-react mindfulness facet described a latent factor, which predicted false alarms in face recognition. Finally, empathy and compassion-based notions described one latent factor, which did not predict recognition performance. None of the latent variables predicted performance in either object or voice recognition. Collectively, findings indicate attention-based mindfulness to benefit face recognition, prompting further research into the potential of mindfulness to support the face recognition process.
Structural modeling and simulation of industrial flat and cylindrical axial weft-knitted fabrics
Authors: Zheng Peixiao , Jiang Gaoming , Cong Honglian , Zhou Mengmeng
Published: February 2022

The main purpose of this research is to create a new computer-aided design method based on layered stitches that can be used in the geometric structure simulation of various axial weft-knitted fabrics, including flat and cylindrical structures. Based on the analysis of structural characteristics, fabric mesh models were constructed. Layered loop spatial geometry models were established and a method of layered transparent graphic mapping was developed to represent fabrics. Structures were stratified according to the stitch graphic units, and coordinates in the fabric coordinate system were calculated by establishing the loop translation matrix and the rotation matrix. By comparing the simulation effect and time of different layers, yarn counts and fabric sizes, the simulation results showed that the simulation efficiency was affected by layers and sizes. This approach realized the three-dimensional structural simulation of flat and cylindrical axial weft-knitted fabrics with multiple layers distinctly, which reveals the intermesh relationship between different layers and provides a modeling basis for the production, processing and even performance research of industrial axial fabrics.
Symmetrical circulation gradient color system construction and gradient color yarn spun by a three-channel numerical control spinning system
Authors: Zhu Wenshuo , Xue Yuan , Xu Zhiwu , Cui Peng
Published: February 2022

Aiming at the technical drawback that traditional spinning technology cannot accurately control the color distribution of yarn and spin gradient color yarn, a three-channel numerical control spinning mechanism that regulates yarn color gradient online is put forward, and gradient color yarn is successfully produced. The coupling-combination color mixing mode of ternary color fibers is innovatively designed, and the mixing ratio matrix, mixing chromatography matrix and mixing chromatography, including all mixing samples, are constructed. Three kinds of gradient paths, namely the row gradient, column gradient and diagonal gradient, are planned based on the mixing ratio matrix, and the corresponding gradient chromatography matrix and gradient chromatography are given. Taking green, magenta and yellow rovings as an example, a three-channel numerical control spinning process was designed and three types of 16 kinds of gradient color yarns were spun. The results show that the knitted fabric of the gradient yarn spun by digitally adjusting the yarn blending ratio shows a periodic natural and soft gradient color. The mechanical properties and appearance quality of the gradient color yarn are close to the corresponding indexes of color-spun yarn, but there is still room for improvement.
Correlation Analysis of Data of Tongue and Pulse in Patients With Disease Fatigue and Sub-health Fatigue
Authors: Shi Yulin , Hu Xiaojuan , Cui Ji , Li Jun , Bi Zijuan , Li Jiacai , Fu Hongyuan , Wang Yu , Cui Longtao , Xu Jiatuo
Published: February 2022

Fatigue is one of the most common subjective symptoms of abnormal health state, there is still no reliable and stable evaluation method to distinguish disease fatigue and non-disease fatigue. Studies have shown that tongue diagnosis and pulse diagnosis are the reflection of overall state of the body. This study aims to explore the distribution rules and correlation of data of tongue and pulse in population with disease fatigue and sub-health fatigue and provide a new method of clinical diagnosis of fatigue from the perspective of tongue diagnosis and pulse diagnosis. In this study, a total of 736 people were selected and divided into healthy controls (n = 250), sub-health fatigue group (n = 242), and disease fatigue group (n = 244). TFDA-1 tongue diagnosis instrument and PDA-1 pulse diagnosis instrument were used to collect tongue image and sphygmogram, simple correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis were used to analyze the correlation of tongue and pulse data about the two groups of fatigue people. The study had shown that tongue and pulse data could provide a certain reference for the diagnosis of different types of fatigue, tongue and pulse data in disease fatigue and sub-health fatigue population had different distribution rules, and there was a simple correlation and canonical correlation in the disease fatigue population, the coefficient of canonical correlation was .649 (P <.05).
The Rise of Academic Capitalism in Brazil’s Higher Education
Authors: Sigahi Tiago Fonseca Albuquerque Cavalcanti , Saltorato Patrícia
Published: February 2022

Academic capitalism has become one of the most influential research lines related to higher education. However, its manifestations in developing countries need to be better understood. Changes are taking place in Brazil that can be attributed to a move toward academic capitalism, and concepts provided by the theory of academic capitalism offer a fertile framework for exploring them. Analysis of official documents, regulations, and the actions of a network of participants reveals the mechanisms that reconfigure the boundaries between the public and the private to establish an academic capitalism knowledge/learning regime. Academic capitalism in Brazil took its first steps after the 1968 reform and was consolidated in the 1990s and instrumentalized in the 2000s, and, judging from the associations between the current government and the business sector, it threatens to take an even more aggressive form in the coming years.

O capitalismo acadêmico tem se configurado em uma das linhas de pesquisa mais influentes no campo da educação superior. Há, porém, que melhor se entender suas manifestações em países em desenvolvimento. Estão em curso no Brasil mudanças que podem ser atribuídas a um contexto voltado para um capitalismo acadêmico, e os conceitos oferecidos por ela fornecem um fértil framework para explorar tais mudanças. A análise de documentos oficiais, artefatos legais e da atuação de uma rede de atores, são explorados os mecanismos que reconfiguram as fronteiras entre o público e o privado, colocando em movimento um academic capitalism knowledge/learning regime. No Brasil, o capitalismo acadêmico dá seus primeiros passos após a reforma de 1968; ascende e ganha contornos mais intensos a partir da década de 80; consolida-se a partir da década de 90; instrumentaliza-se nos anos 2000 e, com base nas associações entre o atual governo e o setor empresarial, ameaça assumir uma forma ainda mais agressiva nos próximos anos.
E-reading consumption among Pakistani digital immigrants: A mixed-methods approach
Authors: Soroya Saira Hanif , Rehman Mohsin Abdur , Tariq Iqra , Khanum Almas , Bashir Faiza
Published: February 2022

Digital information adoption among the older generation is becoming interesting, and e-reading consumption is an important phenomenon. The current study explores the e-reading consumption experience among Pakistani generation X readers (Xers) through the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), along with TPB model validation through a larger sample. A mixed-method research design (exploratory sequential) was employed. The study was completed in two phases; the first phase was qualitative based on nine ( n = 9) in-depth face-to-face interviews. In the second phase, a quantitative research design was employed. A survey questionnaire was developed based on the TPB model and outcomes of the first phase, and the data were collected from 250 Xers from Pakistani public libraries. The first phase outlined numerous positive consequences and challenges specific to the behavioural beliefs. The circle of friends, colleagues and supervisors encourage e-reading consumption given the benefits, speed, and saver of time, cost, and effort, to name a few. Notably, e-reading consumption intention leaves no alternative for Xers in the digital information era. The results of second phase show that seven out of nine proposed hypotheses were supported significantly H2 (β = 0.33, p = .00), H3 (β = 0.20, p = .02), H4 (β = 0.27, p = .00), H6 (β = 0.22, p = .01), H7 (β = 0.18, p = .03), H8 (β = .28, p = .00) and H9 (β = −0.15, p = .04), whereas H1 (β = −0.03, p = .66) and H5 (β = −0.02, p = .73) were rejected. The current study extends the theoretical foundations of TPB in the age of digital information consumption by exploring dimensions qualitatively and tested that proposed relationship quantitatively from a developing country context, Pakistani Xers.
Effectiveness of Family-Focused Nurse-led Intervention on Functional Improvement of Patients with Bipolar Disorder at a Tertiary Hospital in South India: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kavitha Rajendran Rangasamy , Kamalam Sethuramachandran , Rajkumar Ravi Philip
Published: February 2022

Background

Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is a chronic, episodic illness that can create problems and disruptions in the social, occupational, and family functioning of a client. Families are frequently most affected by their bipolar member and have a sense of helplessness to fix bipolar symptoms. The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Family-focused Nursing Interventions (FFNI) on functional improvement in the sample of symptomatic bipolar affective disorder clients.

Method

In this experimental study, 149 patients with BPAD were interviewed along with family members through the consecutive sampling technique from the inpatient ward. Varying block randomization was used to allocate the patients to the control and experimental groups. After obtaining ethical clearance, the study was registered under the Clinical trail registry India (CTRI). Baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables, and the functional levels, were assessed using Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation-Range of Impaired Functioning Tool and Functional Assessment Short Test. The control group (74) received routine treatment; the experimental group (75) received routine treatment along with FFNI in seven sessions, and posttest was conducted at discharge, one-month, and at two-month follow-up at OPD. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20 (IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 20.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), independent sample t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation used. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as a statistically significant result.

Results

At the end of the study, 149 clients completed the treatment and follow-up. Both the groups were comparable at baseline in demography as well as clinical variables. There was significant improvement in the functional level after FFNI. The total score of LIFE-RIFT and the Functional Assessment Short Test score were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group with P = 0.001.

Conclusion

The current study concluded that adjuvant to routine treatment FFNI will improve the functional ability of the client along with routine psychiatric treatment for BPAD.
News media representations of people receiving income support and the production of stigma power: An empirical analysis of reporting on two Australian welfare payments
Authors: Martin Sonia , Schofield Timothy , Butterworth Peter
Published: February 2022

People receiving working-age income support payments are often stigmatised as morally and/or behaviourally deficient. We consider the role of the media, as a potential source of structural stigma, in perpetuating negative characterisations of people in receipt of either the Disability Support Pension (DSP) or unemployment benefits (Newstart) during a major period of welfare reform in Australia. Newspaper articles (N = 8290) that appeared in Australia’s five largest newspapers between 2001 and 2016, and referenced either payment were analysed. We found an increased use of fraud language associated with the DSP, which coincides with increased political and policy focus on this payment. We conclude that in a period of increasing political concern with welfare reform, media coverage of welfare recipients is a form of stigma power, acting discursively as symbolic violence.
Therapeutic politics reconsidered: Power, post-colonialism and the psychologisation of society in the Global South
Authors: Nehring Daniel , Kerrigan Dylan
Published: February 2022

In this article, we critically interrogate the relationship between the post-political turn and the psychologisation of social life. It has long been argued that psychologisation, in the form the popularisation of psychotherapeutic discourses and practices and their usage across a range of non-specialist institutional domains, contributes to de-politicisation and the current crisis of democratic politics. However, the empirical basis for this argument remains narrow, and there is a dearth of attendant research in the Global South. In response, we consider how the psychologisation of society might intersect with its de-politicisation or, possibly, with its re-politicisation, focusing on Trinidad in the Anglophone Caribbean. We do so through a socio-historical analysis of the implication of psychotherapy in colonial and post-colonial programmes of social control, and by exploring contemporary middle-class people’s uses of popular psychotherapeutic discourses to account for everyday experiences of gender and intimate life.
‘A Menace to England’: The Egg Collector as Arch-Villain in Two 1940s Bird Novels
Authors: Dobson Joanna C.
Published: February 2022

This paper examines the figure of the egg collector as an arch-villain in two novels about rare birds that were published in the 1940s: Adventure Lit Their Star by Kenneth Allsop, and The Awl Birds by J.K. Stanford. Drawing on insights from birdwatching literature published in the same period, I demonstrate that the extreme vilification of the egg collector in both texts represents a dramatic change in attitude towards a pastime that was previously considered beneficial for both adults and children. This about-face, I suggest, can be explained by reading the desperate rush to protect the birds’ eggs as an expression of deep contemporary anxieties over the future of Britain after the Second World War, and in particular a concern that the failures of the period after the First World War should not be repeated.
‘Fear of the Blind’: Political Vision and Postwar Ethics in the Poetry of Denise Levertov
Authors: Wrighton John
Published: February 2022

Denise Levertov is regarded as a key figure in the New American Poetry and a committed political activist of the 1960s counterculture. Reading a treatise on poetry contained in Emmanuel Levinas’s Existence and Existents (1947) alongside Levertov’s early poems prior to her adoption of the American idiom, this essay re-positions the poet as the pathfinder of an intense period of assimilation in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War. The essay focuses on Levertov’s first collection of poems, The Double Image (1946), before turning to the frequently overlooked poems in her notebooks for 1947, in particular, ‘Fear of the Blind’. Examining key tropes of sight, visual impairment and observation, ‘Fear of the Blind’ deals with a personal and political trauma in the birth pains of the postwar period and marks a pivotal moment in Levertov’s lyrical reflexivity. It is the argument of this essay that the de-humanising rhetoric of anti-Semitism traumatised language by driving it against its ethical grain. In response, Levertov's unique poetics of materialism provides not only a revitalisation of language in the lyric form but an important contribution to current political and ethical debates concerning twenty-first century living.
Narrating the Nation? National Identity and the Uncanny in De Bernières’ Birds without Wings
Authors: MacMillan Catherine
Published: February 2022

Informed primarily by Bhabha and Kristeva's theories of national identity and the uncanny, the article examines the themes of nation building, migration and the uncanny in Louis de Bernières’ Birds Without Wings. It also explores the cosmopolitan nature of the late Ottoman Empire, as portrayed by de Bernières, from the perspective of critical cosmopolitan theory and Bhabha's concept of vernacular cosmopolitanism. The novel depicts the fortunes of a South-West Anatolian village, populated primarily by monoglot Turkish-speaking Greek Orthodox Christians and Muslims, through a turbulent historical period, from the First World War to the 1923 declaration of the Republic of Turkey and the subsequent population exchange between Greece and the new Turkish state. Despite the Christian and Muslim villagers’ arguably hybrid identities, forged in the context of a cosmopolitan Ottoman Empire, and their largely shared culture and harmonious co-existence, they are eventually forced to redefine themselves as ‘Greeks’ and ‘Turks’. The Turkish-speaking Christian villagers, exiled to Greece, have an uncanny, unsettling effect on a Greek national identity largely constructed with Turkey as its principal Other; the experience of the new Turkish citizens left behind in the decaying, half-deserted village is an equally unhomely one.
Opioids in acute pain: Towards getting the right balance
Authors: Pattullo Gavin G
Published: February 2022

Misuse of prescription opioids forced an inevitable response from authorities to intervene with consequences felt by all.

In the Australian community one person will die for approximately every 3600 adults prescribed opioids, while in the hospital setting a postoperative patient managed primarily with opioids, as opposed to epidural analgesia, has an additional risk of death as high as between one in 56 to 477.

Opioids maintain a valid role in acute pain management when use is reasoned and with full awareness of the harms and how they are to be avoided, such as in those at risk of ongoing use, the opioid naïve, and when opioid-induced ventilatory impairment may occur.

Clinicians managing acute pain can focus on assessing pain versus nociception, strategically apply antinociceptive medications and neural blockade when indicated, assess pain with an emphasis on the degree of bothersomeness and functional impairment and, finally, optimise the use of framing and placebo-enhancing communication to minimise reliance on medications.
Characteristics of pre-cluster symptoms in cluster headache: A cross-sectional multicentre study
Authors: Cho Soohyun , Cho Soo-Jin , Lee Mi Ji , Park Jeong Wook , Chu Min Kyung , Moon Heui-Soo , Chung Pil-Wook , Sohn Jong-Hee , Kim Byung-Su , Kim Daeyoung , Kim Jae-Moon , Chung Jae Myun , Oh Kyungmi , Ahn Jin-Young , Gil Young Eun , Chung Chin-Sang , Kim Byung-Kun
Published: February 2022

Background

Contrary to pre-attack symptoms before an individual cluster headache attack, little is known about the pre-cluster symptoms before the onset of cluster bouts. We previously described pre-attack symptoms before cluster headache attacks. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of pre-cluster symptoms in patients with episodic cluster headache.

Methods

In this multicentre study, 184 patients with episodic cluster headache were recruited between October 2018 and December 2020. They were interviewed by investigators and completed a structured questionnaire. To investigate pre-cluster and pre-attack symptoms, we assessed 20 symptoms and signs using the questionnaire.

Results

The upcoming cluster bout was predictable in 35.3% (n = 65/184) of the patients. When present, pre-cluster symptoms occurred at a median duration of 7 days (interquartile range, 2.3–14 days) before the onset of the cluster bout. Patients with pre-cluster symptoms showed a higher proportion of women, prevalence of pre-attack symptoms and seasonal rhythmicity, frequency of cluster headache attacks per day, and total number of cluster bouts compared to patients without pre-cluster symptoms. In univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses, female sex was associated with the predictability of pre-cluster symptoms (odds ratio = 2.297, p = 0.016).

Conclusions

The upcoming cluster bout was predicted in approximately 35% of patients with episodic cluster headache, which may allow for an earlier preventive treatment and help understand the pathophysiology.
BMP-2 Modified Electrospun Scaffold for Acetabular Labral Reconstruction Promotes Collagen Fiber Regeneration in a Porcine Model
Authors: Wu Ruiqi , Gao Guanying , Zhang Siqi , Liu Rongge , Dong Hanmei , Xu Yan
Published: February 2022

Background:

Acetabular labral tear is one of the contributing factors to early hip osteoarthritis. Patients with symptomatic labral tears may require surgical treatment, and labral reconstruction is indicated in cases of irreparable tears.

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to construct the bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) electrospun scaffold for acetabular labral reconstruction and analyze the composition of the labrum and the influence of collagen fiber distribution in regenerated tissue on the biomechanical properties of labrum.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eighteen mature male miniature pigs were selected for labral reconstruction in vivo. The animals were divided into 3 groups, including the autologous tendon group (T group), dopamine/polylactic acid–polyethylene glycol (PELA) electrospun group (DP group), and dopamine/PELA electrospun/BMP-2 group (DPB group), and the native labra were used as the control group. The microstructure of the reconstructed labrum was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Histologic and immunohistochemistry sections were used to evaluate the composition and structure of reconstructed labrum. The related gene expression was tested via quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction test. The compressive and tensile properties of tissues were evaluated using the elasticity test device.

Results:

Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the DP group and the T group were mainly composed of fibroblasts. The alignment of fibers was irregular. In the DPB group, the reconstructed tissues were composed of fibroblasts and chondrocytes, with parallel fibers and denser structure. The native labrum was composed of a large number of fibroblasts, which were arranged orderly and parallel, and there was almost no vascular proliferation. Under scanning electron microscopy, the reconstructed tissue of the DBP group was more similar to the native labral structure, forming a denser, clear-layered collagen fibrous structure, while the fiber alignment of the DP and T groups was irregular. The contents of type I, II, and III collagen ( COL1, COL2, and COL3, respectively) were upregulated in labrum reconstructed with the DPB scaffold, while the gene expressions did not increase in the DP and T groups. The tensile and compressive properties of the implants in the DPB group were significantly enhanced.

Conclusion:

BMP-2 modified electrospun scaffold promotes collagen regeneration and osteogenic differentiation and is associated with better biomechanical performance of the reconstructed labrum.

Clinical Relevance:

This study demonstrated that BMP-2 modified electrospun scaffold could induce the regeneration of collagen and osteogenic differentiation and provide better biomechanical performance in labral reconstruction. This scaffold could be used in clinical practice after further improvement.
Supply chain capacity to respond to COVID-19 in Newfoundland and Labrador: An integrated leadership strategy
Authors: Snowdon Anne W. , Saunders Michael J.
Published: February 2022

This provincial case study, one of seven conducted as part of a national research program on healthcare supply chain management during COVID-19, focuses on Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Faced with the destabilization of its traditional supply chain, NL leveraged an existing centralized healthcare supply chain structure to organize its supply chain response to the pandemic. To overcome product shortages, health leaders collaborated with their local business community and industries to source and procure personal protective equipment and create domestic manufacturing capacity for critical supplies. The healthcare supply chain response in NL demonstrates the value of a highly integrated and centralized healthcare supply chain management strategy. It also makes clear the value of a diversified healthcare supply chain, one which draws on local manufacturing capacity to create a domestic source of critical supplies and overcome shortages from global suppliers.
Development of waste rice husk/PVC/GO nanocomposite using TA–CaO adduct and ESO as green additives
Authors: Dutta Nipu , Maji Tarun Kumar
Published: February 2022

In this study, a biobased composite utilizing waste rice husk ash (RHA) and polyvinyl chloride in a 1:1 ratio was prepared. The composites were prepared in a solventless, green pathway of melt blending using green additives such as tannic acid-calcium oxide (TA–CaO) adduct as a heat stabilizer and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) as green compatibilizer. The addition of graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterial into the composite improved the thermal, mechanical, chemical and flame resistance properties of the composite. Composite reinforced with 0.5 phr GO, improved the tensile, flexural and, shore D hardness by 34, 37, 14%, respectively. The homogeneous dispersion of the GO layer in reinforced composite was evident from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study. Composites with GO as nano reinforcement showed relatively higher flame retardancy due to the synergistic effect of GO and silicon present in RHA. The composite with 0.5 phr loading of GO showed overall improvement in properties among the composites. It is expected that the incorporation of waste RHA along with other renewable bioresource materials will improve biodegradability and decrease the production cost of the composite.
Cybervictimization, Social, and Financial Strains Influence Internet Trolling Behaviors: A General Strain Theory Perspective
Authors: Wilson Nigel C. , Seigfried-Spellar Kathryn C.
Published: February 2022

Internet trolling is a form of online aggression that can have negative psychological effects on its victims. This study examines whether Internet trolling behaviors is related to general strain theory. Respondents were solicited from Mechanical Turk and completed an anonymous, Internet-based survey measuring a variety of trolling behaviors and strains (i.e., cyberbullying victimization, trolling victimization, financial strain, and social strain). Of the 259 respondents, 55% self-reported engaging in Internet trolling behaviors. Partial correlations, controlling for sex and age, suggested trolling was significantly related to cyberbullying victimization, trolling victimization, financial strain, and social strain. The hierarchical (blockwise entry) logistic regression found trolls scored higher on cyberbullying victimization, trolling victimization, and financial strain compared to non-trolls. In addition, there was a marginally significant relationship between trolling and higher scores on social strain. Men were also more likely to engage in trolling behaviors compared to women. We conclude there is a relationship between online trolling behaviors and general strain theory. Future research should consider other sources of strain and comparisons between the different types of trolling behaviors (e.g., flaming, griefing, and memorial page trolling) when examining the relationship between trolling and strains. Additional future research suggestions and study limitations are discussed.