bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les lettres des autres : correspondances et réseaux en filigrane des grandes collections carolingiennes
Authors: Gravel Martin
Published: August 2020

La recherche portant sur les lettres médiévales a eu tendance à concentrer son attention sur les correspondances. Cela est particulièrement vrai pour le haut Moyen Âge, qui a laissé plusieurs collections composées par les épistoliers ou par leur entourage. À l’inverse, très peu d’institutions ont transmis leurs archives, ou même des traces de leurs archives, sauf quelques formulaires. Il est donc naturel que l’histoire se soit tournée vers les sources les plus riches et les plus accessibles. Cet article se propose d’inverser cette orientation et d’écarter tous les ensembles de ce type. Il développe une expérience de composition d’un corpus original pour la première moitié du ix e  siècle, dans l’intention de révéler ce qui se cache derrière Éginhard, Agobard et Loup de Ferrières. De fait, le tableau des échanges épistolaires change d’allure lorsque les personnages d’avant-plan se retirent. En particulier, Raban Maur y retrouve la place centrale.
« Il est jeune, honnête, instruit, accueille-le » : pour une analyse d’ensemble des lettres de recommandation du xii e siècle
Authors: Long Micol
Published: August 2020

Les recueils épistolaires d’importants religieux d’Europe occidentale du xii e  siècle contiennent souvent des missives qui demandent au destinataire d’accueillir quelqu’un dans son entourage ou de pourvoir à ses besoins. La première partie de l’article analyse la structure typique de ces « lettres de recommandation », ce qui permet de présenter les éléments récurrents et les stratégies rhétoriques de ce sous-genre littéraire dans les lettres latines du xii e  siècle. Des considérations sur l’analyse comparée des lettres de recommandation sont proposées dans la deuxième partie de l’article. Une comparaison basée sur la typologie des bénéficiaires s’y révèle particulièrement prometteuse. L’analyse de quelques exemples permet d’observer que, pour l’élite religieuse du xii e  siècle, les lettres de recommandation étaient un instrument flexible et polyvalent pour construire, consolider et entretenir un réseau de relations.
« Networking » d’un espace chrétien ? Représentativité et réseaux de la correspondance pontificale aux xiii e et xiv e siècles
Authors: Jamme Armand
Published: August 2020

Les importantes lacunes de la série des registres de lettres apostoliques des xiii e et xiv e  siècles amène à s’interroger sur l’effectivité d’une mise en réseau, d’un networking , de l’espace chrétien par l’épistolographie pontificale. À cet effet, on examine les logiques de production et d’enregistrement des lettres. On questionne la représentativité des régions de l’Europe dans ces volumes, ainsi que les voies de subdélégation de la décision. On cherche enfin à comprendre comment fonctionne concrètement l’expédition des missives pontificales, en bouquets, mêlant réponses aux demandes royales, ordres, sollicitations et faveurs.
Psychophysiology
Authors: Mason Heather , Gerbarg Patricia L. , Brown Richard P.
Published: August 2020

This chapter describes the physiological mechanisms that underpin the varying effects of different types of breath practices inherent in the yoga tradition and ultimately the role that breathing techniques play in person and public health. Concurrently, the script elucidates how different practices alter psycho-physiological states clarifying why and how they may be employed with specific health populations, how they may enhance and or maintain well-being, and clear guidance regarding precautions and contraindications.
Neurobiology of Meditation
Authors: Santaella Danilo Forghieri
Published: August 2020

Meditation should not be considered a simple activity that is performed with focused attention; this is concentration. When practicing concentration correctly, with a good “anchor” for attention, a specific state of mind takes place, in which logic relaxation happens, and there is a relative freedom from self-identification. Such states of mind are to be experienced and cannot be practiced; thus, meditation techniques (concentrations) are the means to reach this goal. Those who achieve such a state experience positive neurophysiological effects, which have been studied for decades, such as increased functionality and connectivity of the brain, and also increased gray matter volume in specific cortical areas, whether in the young or in the elderly. Meditation has, thus, a proven potential role to help one maintain a healthy cognition and should be included in daily life routines of everybody who wishes for it.
The Neurophilosophy of Meditation
Authors: Deshmukh Vinod D.
Published: August 2020

Meditation is the art and science of optimal self-integration. We are naturally nested in Nature. Meditation is being at-peace with oneself and at-home in the world. It is the art of self-observation, learning, and developing presence of mind and selfless love. It is a unique mode of being present in the moment. It is a natural state of health and happiness. We should let go of the vicious cycle of negative feelings and discover the virtuous cycle of positive feelings like joy, cheerfulness, equanimity, friendliness, compassion, and love. This is possible through meditative practices like yoga, mindfulness, flow-state, and nature-experience. With advancement in neurobiology, we can understand how these meditative skills are learned, developed, evolved, and mastered. These meditative skills and lifestyle are the key to positive psychology and mental health. These secular meditative practices are being recommended in our education and health care systems.
Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Yoga
Authors: Sheftel Irina , Sips Anneke
Published: August 2020

This chapter combines insights from the neuroscientific research on yoga and meditation with the practical application of yoga therapy. The chapter opens with an overview of neuroscientific concepts related to the practice of yoga and meditation, such as attention, emotional regulation, body awareness, and autonomic regulation. The authors summarise the known effects of yoga and meditation, in relation to these concepts and common mental health disorders. The chapter continues with a case study, a personalised yoga therapy intervention in a client experiencing psychotic symptoms. The intervention is grounded in yoga philosophy, and in the neuroscientific concepts introduced previously. This section is written from the perspective of a yoga therapist and includes practical tips. In the final section, the authors suggest possible directions for future research and implementation of yoga therapy as a complementary treatment in mental healthcare.
Advances in Understanding the Use of Yoga as Therapy in Lymphedema
Authors: Narahari S. R. , Aggithaya Madhur Guruprasad , Ryan Terence J.
Published: August 2020

Lymphedema may be caused by dysfunction of the lymphatic system due to damage, block, hypoplasia due to genetic causes or by lymph overload. Lymphatic Filariasis is most prevalent and among the leading causes of disability. This chapter describes the improvements in three yoga protocols of integrative treatment, for lower limb, upper limb, and genital lymphedema. There are two sessions of yoga in our treatment protocol. Yoga helps to drain lymph through various mechanisms. Asanas focus on the dermal stretch, joint movement, muscle pumps, and muscle stretch and pranayamas on lung expansion. Joint movements and muscle contractions are designed to mimic nodal drainage. The yoga protocol also provides knee strengthening, gait correction, shoulder joint strengthening. Yoga asanas for comorbidities like hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis and joint surgeries with movement restrictions are customized in the revised protocol. Yoga is an effective treatment in lymphedema and considerably improves the patient's quality of life.
The Science and Art of Contemporary Breathwork and Yoga
Authors: Morningstar Jim , Dibb Jessica
Published: August 2020

This chapter provides evidence for the benefit of bringing yoga and its breathing practices into a working relationship with contemporary breathwork techniques for the betterment of both in certain circumstances. The history and developmental overlap of both are explored as well as their applications in the field of physical heath, psychotherapy, and spiritual growth. The benefits of both faster than normal and slower than normal breathing techniques are reviewed for the treatment of anxiety, depression, and addictions as well as the neurological correlates for breathwork and trauma recovery. A pilot study utilizing the combination of the two disciplines is reported.
IDI Engine With Alternate Fuels
Authors: Basava Venkata Appa Rao , Kolakoti Aditya , Kancherla Prasada Rao
Published: August 2020

A plethora of experiments were conducted on IDI engine with various biodiesels (e.g., methyl esters of mahua, jatropha, rice bran, pongamia, palm, beef tallow, and waste cooking oils). Review of the results of these endeavors with various additives and blends with or without super charging of the engine are presented in this chapter. All these attempts have been concentrated to arrive at the best yield from a single cylinder engine. The recorded pressure changes during combustion, the derived heat release rates, and exhaust emissions are presented in the form of plots at various loads and at a constant speed. Engine cylinder vibrations (reflect combustion excitation) in the form of FFT and time waves were recorded at radial points and vertical on the cylinder body to assess the combustion propensity in all cases of studies. The results with relative benefits are enumerated.
Biodegradable Acoustic Proficiency in Sound Absorption Capacity After Water Treatment and Testing by Impendence Tube Method
Authors: Mohapatra Tushar Kanta , Satapathy Suchismita , Panigrahi Isham , Mishra Debesh
Published: August 2020

The present research investigation aims to fabricate a new class of fiber reinforced composite material by using biodegradable materials with epoxy as the strengthening agent. In order to explore the possibilities of using the new class of composite material in required application areas, the research work is carried out mainly in the field of the acoustic absorption properties of these bio fibers as an alternate building material. Also, the utilization of these materials as sound insulation will also provide a good solution to the waste management.
Pulsed Laser Micro-Forming of Thin Sheets
Authors: Maji Kuntal
Published: August 2020

This chapter presents a study on the deformation behavior of thin sheets in pulsed laser micro-forming. Deformation mechanics of thin sheets under different operating conditions under pulsed laser irradiation are described and explained. Modeling of pulsed laser micro-forming for analyzing and optimizing the process parameters using different techniques mentioned in the published literature are discussed. The estimation of temperature and deformation fields in pulsed laser micro-forming of thin sheets of different shapes considering the effects of different process parameters such as laser power, spot diameter, pulse on time, pulse frequency, and sample size are presented. Response surface modeling and finite element analysis of the pulsed laser micro-forming process are described and explained. Experimental procedures for conducting pulsed laser micro-forming tests are described and explained. Recent investigations on pulsed laser micro-forming published elsewhere are presented, and possible scopes for future investigations are highlighted.
EROSIVIDADE DA CHUVA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO ARAÇUAÍ-MG
Authors: Santos Neto José Ramalho dos , Christofaro Cristiano
Published: August 2020

A erosão do solo é um dos maiores problemas ambientais da atualidade. Todos os anos milhões de toneladas de terra arável são perdidos por esse processo, contribuindo para a perda de fertilidade do solo e para a diminuição da produtividade das culturas. A erosividade da chuva é descrita como uma interação entre a energia cinética das gotas de chuva e a superfície do solo, representando o potencial da chuva e enxurrada na produção da erosão do solo, exercendo assim grande influência nos processos erosivos, principalmente em ambientes tropicais. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a variação espaço-temporal da erosividade das chuvas na bacia do rio Araçuaí - MG. Dados de precipitação de 14 estações pluviométricas distribuídas no território bacia, contendo séries históricas ininterruptas de 1996 a 2015, foram selecionados. A partir das séries históricas, foram efetuados os cálculos do Índice de Fournier Modificado (MFI), da erosividade mensal média EI30m) e da Erosividade Média Anual (Fator R) para cada estação pluviométrica. Os dados foram interpolados para toda a bacia pelo método inverso da Distância (IDW). Os resultados apontam uma erosividade média anual na bacia de 9125 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 Ano-1. A análise espacial indicou a existência de um gradiente decrescente de erosividade no sentido Sul-Norte, com os maiores valores nos trechos mais altos da bacia. A análise temporal demonstrou que os maiores valores de erosividade ocorreram no período de outubro a março, e os menores valores de abril a setembro.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS PROCESSOS DE EROSÃO DE MARGENS EM RIOS SEMIÁRIDOS: ESTUDO NA SUB-BACIA DO BAIXO JAGUARIBE – CEARÁ – BRASIL
Authors: Andrade José Hamilton Ribeiro , Maia Celsemy Eleutério
Published: August 2020

A erosão de margens de rio é um processo natural que pode ser intensificado pelas atividades humanas, produzindo efeitos catastróficos para o ambiente fluvial. O entendimento deste processo é fundamental, para os estudos relacionados a geomorfologia fluvial, pois além de proporcionar desequilíbrios ambientais, podem acarretar problemas de ordem social e econômica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a dinâmica dos processos de erosão de margens no rio Jaguaribe, no seu baixo curso, precisamente no município de Quixeré. O rio Jaguaribe é um dos principais mananciais do estado do Ceará, sendo um rio semiárido e tendo suas vazões controladas por açudes. Para o monitoramento das margens foram selecionadas ao longo de um trecho de 10 km do rio nove seções, que foram agrupadas em três tipos de áreas, Área Conservada (AC), Área Parcialmente Conservada (APC) e Área Degradada (AD). Para quantificar as taxas erosivas foi utilizado a metodologia dos pinos de erosão. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as áreas degradadas apresentaram valores de recuo de 13,5 cm ano-1 e volume erodido de 7,77 m3, sendo os maiores valores observados, já as conservadas apresentaram valores de recuo de 3,05 cm ano-1 e volume de 1,39 m3 ano-1, acompanhado das áreas parcialmente conservadas que obtiveram valores de recuo de 4,85 cm ano-1 e volume de 1,52 m3 ano-1. Para o período avaliado (junho/2014 a maio/2015), a principal condicionante responsável pela erosão marginal foram as precipitações, mesmo sendo um ano de chuvas abaixo da média histórica.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DE SUSCETIBILIDADE A ESCORREGAMENTOS DE ENCOSTA UTILIZANDO O MODELO MATEMÁTICO SHALSTAB
Authors: Pacheco Téhrrie Caroline König Ferraz , Kux Hermann Johann Heinrich , Mendes Rodolfo Moreda
Published: August 2020

Os fenômenos naturais, existentes em todo o nosso planeta, podem acabar em desastres naturais quando há uma relação inadequada entre Homem e Natureza. No Brasil, um dos principais fenômenos que afetam a população são os deslizamentos de terra desencadeados por chuvas intensas. Por conta dos prejuízos econômicos, sociais e a ocorrência de perda de vidas, a identificação e o constante monitoramento de áreas de risco são extremamente importantes. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetiva identificar as áreas suscetível à ocorrência de deslizamentos de terra, no bairro Britador, localizado no município de Campos do Jordão - SP, assim como os principais fatores que favorecem à ocorrência de deslizamentos. Para tanto, foi utilizado o modelo matemático Shalstab, que analisa a estabilidade de encostas, imagens de satélite do sensor WorldView 2, e técnicas de Mineração de Dados, a fim de identificar as características relacionadas ao uso e ocupação da área em estudo. Foram simulados três cenários de suscetibilidade à deslizamentos, variando os parâmetros de entrada do modelo Shalstab. Os resultados gerados pelo modelo matemático são condizentes com a realidade observada neste bairro e comprovada pelas cicatrizes de deslizamento pré-existentes. A imagem de satélite permite ainda identificar que as alterações antrópicas em áreas de encosta, são os elementos condicionantes para a ocorrência dos desastres por deslizamento de terra.
O TRABALHO DE CAMPO NO CONTEXTO DO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA RURAL: COMPARTILHANDO EXPERIÊNCIAS EM ÂMBITO DO ROTEIRO “ASSENTAMENTO CONTESTADO”, “ESCOLA LATINOAMERICANA DE AGROECOLOGIA” E “COOPERAFLORESTA”
Authors: Eduardo Márcio Freitas
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo central compartilhar a experiência de trabalho a campo desenvolvida junto ao Componente Curricular (CCR) Geografia Rural, oferecido pelo curso de licenciatura em Geografia da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS, campus Erechim/RS). Realizado cinco vezes entre os anos de 2014 e 2019, o roteiro contemplou experiências situadas na região metropolitana de Curitiba/PR (Lapa e Curitiba) e em Barra do Turvo/SP, ao que confere ao movimento de luta pela terra/pelo território, de reforma agrária e de re-existência camponesa. Mediante o diálogo com os sujeitos, a observação e o registro de elementos que compõem suas territorialidades, o roteiro oportunizou aos discentes interações com a lógica de organização socioterritorial do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra (MST); com ações voltadas para o desenvolvimento de práticas produtivas e organizativas agroecológicas e do trabalho com Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAF); com experiências de cooperação e de educação do campo. Metodologicamente, a escolha do roteiro e as mediações de ensino-aprendizagem inerentes estiveram alinhadas a uma concepção teórica que dialogava 1) com o “Paradigma da Questão Agrária”, conforme proposição de Fernandes (2005); e 2) com o próprio Projeto Político Institucional (PPI) da UFFS, Instituição de Ensino Superior forjada com o desafio de projetar-se como “popular”. Nessa esteira, além da apresentação dos elementos que compuseram o roteiro propriamente dito, contextualizaremos, também, a construção da proposta do referido trabalho a campo, elaborado em estreita sintonia com a ementa do CCR e com os objetivos da Instituição de Ensino Superior em que está inserido.
COOPERATIVISMO E RECRIAÇÃO CAMPONESA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES E LIMITES DOS MODELOS DE COOPERATIVISMO EMPRESARIALISTA E CAMPONÊS NA MESORREGIÃO NORTE CENTRAL PARANAENSE
Authors: Zeneratti Fábio Luiz
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir as contribuições e os limites dos modelos de cooperação empresarialista e camponês para o processo de recriação do campesinato na mesorregião Norte Central paranaense. A metodologia utilizada nessa tarefa foi a pesquisa teórico-bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo, em que foram realizadas entrevistas não padronizadas em 70 unidades camponesas. Essa metodologia permitiu identificar as principais características dos modelos cooperativistas elencados para a pesquisa. Conclui-se que o modelo de cooperativismo empresarialista assumiu uma característica na qual as cooperativas foram utilizadas como instrumento estatal para a modernização da base técnica na agricultura, se distanciando da possibilidade de transformação social abrangente, como idealizavam os percursores do cooperativismo moderno, mas que, contraditoriamente, possibilitam a recriação do campesinato cooperado que luta na terra. Por outro lado, aos camponeses que tiveram que lutar para remover o bloqueio da propriedade privada capitalista, o cooperativismo se apresenta ao mesmo tempo como uma estratégia de luta pela terra e de luta na terra, ou seja, de resistência e recriação. Essa pesquisa demonstra que os modelos de cooperativismo, empresarialista e camponês, são distintos na perspectiva da organização e do conteúdo político-ideológico, contudo, ambos apresentam potenciais contribuições para a recriação camponesa no capitalismo, resguardadas as contradições inerentes a esses processos. Para os camponeses assentados a cooperativa camponesa é um trunfo na luta contra o modo capitalista de produção, sendo um instrumento econômico e político que possibilita acessar mercados alternativos, como os institucionais, escapando dos circuitos monopolistas do mercado capitalista. As cooperativas empresarialistas, por sua vez, têm como prerrogativa a inserção dos camponeses no mercado capitalista via produção de commodities e inserção em um setor da economia dominado pelos grandes grupos privados. Nesse caso, a cooperativa comparece como uma estratégia para reter parte da renda camponesa da terra que seria drenada pelo capital. Em ambos os casos as cooperativas proporcionam retenção da renda da terra, que, em última instância, é convertida em benefício à família camponesa. A pesquisa também identificou que esses modelos cooperativos, no que pese sua distinção, permitem florescer o modo de vida camponês, representado por um conjunto de valores que norteiam suas vidas, como as relações de confiança, a autonomia, os vínculos familiares e a relação com a terra, entendida como meio de vida. Nesses termos, o cooperativismo é uma possibilidade concreta de recriação do campesinato no capitalismo, se por um lado a cooperação não levou à mudança geral da sociedade, por outro, no particular, ela tem contribuído para mudar a realidade dos camponeses envolvidos.
Effect of Ni Substitution to Structure and Morphology of Ca0.9La0.05Bi0.05Mn1-xNixO3 by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Nur Mochammad Alfin Naufal , Kurniawan Budhy
Published: August 2020

The polycrystalline Ca0.9La0.05Bi0.05Mn1-xNixO3 (x = 0.025, 0.05, 0.075) samples were synthesized by sol-gel method. All samples were calcined at 650°C for 8 hours and sintered at 900°C for 8 hours. The structural and morphological properties of the samples were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The rietveld refinement shows that all samples were having an orthorhombic structure with pnma space group despite having different Ni content. Furthermore, the average crystallite size decreases with Ni substituion. SEM result shows the average grain size decreases with increasing Ni substitution regardless of the same heat treatment. This result will affect other properties like electrical and magnetic properties.
Electrical Characterization of N- and B- Doped Amorphous Carbon Film from Palmyra Sugar
Authors: Nadiyyah Khoirotun , Laila Anna Zakiyatul , Ardiani Irma Septi , Priyanto Budhi , Darminto
Published: August 2020

Structure of amorphous carbon can be composed of sp2 (graphite), or sp3 (diamond), or a combination of both, depending on their fractions. Therefore, many researchers were exploring to use it as solar cell material. This research used the amorphous carbon of bio-product as a basic material in the form of palmyra sugar which was synthesized through the heating and doping process to produce n-type and p-type semiconductors. This research aims to analyze the effect of dopant and deposition time on electrical properties. The heating process was carried out at 250°C and the doping process was carried out by adding NH4OH for a-C:N and H3BO3 for a-C:B. The deposition process was carried out by the nano-spray method using a variety of deposition time on the ITO substrate. The result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the film thickness increased with the increase of deposition time. Besides, the result of four-point probe (FPP) showed that the dopant can increase electrical conductivity, but the film thickness did not influence it. The electrical conductivity obtained was 5x10-1 - 6x10-1 S/cm. And the result of further analysis, it can be concluded that electrical conductivity was still in the range of semiconducting material.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zn-Mg Alloys as Biodegradable Materials
Authors: Supardi Adri , Willy Saint , Hikmawati Dyah
Published: August 2020

The Zn-Mg alloy is a suitable candidate for the manufacture of biomaterials that can be excessively degraded in the human body without producing a mixture. This study was conducted with the aim to determine variations in the mechanical characteristics of Zn-Mg alloys with Mg ratio of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%wt, and to study variations in composition and sintering of the degradation rate of Zn-alloy Mg uses the powder metallurgy method. The synthesis results were characterized by using a defense test and obtained the best value at Zn7% Mg of 117.5 ± 25.37. The presence of MgZn2 and Mg2Zn11 phases that were confirmed by XRD characterization could increase the material hardness. Dynamic degradation test was carried out on samples with the best mechanical properties (Zn7% Mg) with variations in compacting pressure and sintering temperature. The increase in compaction pressure and sintering temperature could reduce the degradation rate of Zn-Mg alloys. The best degradation test was obtained at a pressure of 400 MPa with a sintering temperature of 400°C of 0.70mmpy. The degradation test results were as expected because previous studies stated at the degradation rate (0.40mmpy-1.53mmpy) on statistical testing and the degradation rate (4.9-7.0) mmpy on the change policy supported for bone scaffolding applications. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) characterization results showed that samples with compacting pressure and low sintering temperature do not have perfect particle bonding. Samples with high compacting pressure and sintering temperature have good bonding between particles so they do not have a pore composition in the alloy.
The Effect of Ultraviolet Exposure on Physical Properties of Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Aloe vera
Authors: Hikmawati Dyah , Maharani Noveni Putri , Putra Alfian Pramudita , Siswanto
Published: August 2020

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in biomaterial synthesis is commonly used to do sterilization and increase physical characteristics. This study had a goal to evaluate the characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol-Aloe vera (PVA-AV) nanoﬁbers from the electrospinning process that was exposed by UV with the power of 8, 10, 15, and 20 W for 6 h. The physical properties of the fiber were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) test, and water absorption test. The SEM images showed that the nanofibers were formed with s homogeneous structure and no beads. The diameter and the thickness of the nanofibers increased with the increase of the power of UV exposure to the sample. The biggest diameter was 319.60 ± 56.17 nm at UV exposure power of 20 W. The FTIR test result indicated that there was no new chemical bond after the PVA-AV was exposed by UV. DSC test result showed that the increase of power could increase the melting temperature (Tm) with the highest value of 189.51°C at UV exposure power of 20 W. The water absorption test showed that the highest water absorption was 739.6 % at UV exposure power of 20 W.
The Effect of Variation Concentration Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) on the Structure of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Based on Natural Sand
Authors: Silvia Linda , Amilia  , Awathifi Lana , Mashuri  , Arifin Zaenal , Subagyo Bintoro Anang , Sukamto Heru , Purwaningsih Sri Yani , Hapsari Yanurita Dwi , Sudarsono  , Mariyanto  , Baqiya Malik Anjelh , Cahyono Yoyok , Zainuri Mochamad
Published: August 2020

Utilization of abundant natural resources has been an important issue in recent years. CaCO3 was successfully prepared from natural sand by purification bubbling methods with flowing CO2 gas into an aqueous Ca(OH)2 medium with NaOH as catalyst. In the experimental set-up, natural sand was dissolved with different NaOH concentrations of 5, 6, and 7 M, respectively. In the carbonation process, room temperature is used as reaction temperature, while CO2 gas flow rate was carried out at 5 SCFH (Square Cubic Feet per Hour) and the speed of stirring was kept constant. The reaction was occurred around 5 minutes to produce precipitation of CaCO3. The influences of reaction parameters such as the various concentrations of NaOH were studied by using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Particle size analyzer (PSA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to investigate the element composition, crystal structure, size of particles, and morphology of particles, respectively. The results showed that NaOH concentration effected not only on the phases of CaCO3 but also on the microstructure and morphology of CaCO3. Calcite and vaterite phases are observed which have a rhombic and spherical morphology in micro-scale, respectively.
ZnO Thin Films Prepared Using the Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method for High Performance Metal Oxides-Based Photoconductors
Authors: Putri Nur Ajrina , Imawan Cuk , Fauzia Vivi
Published: August 2020

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has attracted considerable attention because of its potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Many scientists have reported on the preparation of ZnO based photodetectors in metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structures where expensive noble metals are used as electrodes. Here, we propose the preparation of full metal-oxide photoconductors by using indium tin oxide (ITO) as the electrodes and ZnO thin films as sensing materials. ZnO thin films were prepared by employing a simple ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique with a commercial ultrasonic nebulizer (1.7 MHz). In this work, we developed a high performance ZnO based photodetector on interdigitated ITO with a simple and low-cost USP method. The I-V characteristic shows that ZnO thin film works in a photoconductive mode and has better performance as a UV (325 nm) detector than other wavelengths (505, 625 and 810 nm). As a UV detector, the devices exhibit high sensitivity (1255.51%), high responsivity (22.6 x 103 A/W), high detectivity (1.49 x 1014 Jones), good stability, a fast response time of 0.87 s and a relatively slow recovery time of 34.8 s. This high performance may be related to the large crystallite size that facilitates higher electron mobility.
Performance of Air-Stable Cs2SnI6 Perovskite as Electron Transport Layer in Inverted Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell
Authors: Khaeroni Rany , Herman  , Wulandari Priastuti
Published: August 2020

In recent years, perovskite material has been extensively studied due to its unique physical properties and promising application in the third generation of solar cells. In particular, Sn-based perovskite has been considered to replace Pb-based perovskite because of the toxic effects and it can lead to other serious problems related to the environment. Cs2SnI6 perovskite has been known to be synthesized in a simple chemical process and it can be produced on a large scale. Moreover, this material is also oxygen and moisture stable due to the high oxidation state of tin. In this study, we synthesize air-stable Cs2SnI6 perovskite by the use of the wet chemical process at room temperature. Next, we attempt to fabricate the inverted bulk heterojunction solar cells incorporated Cs2SnI6 as electron transport layer in the configuration of ITO/ZnO/Cs2SnI6/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag to improve device performance. The Cs2SnI6 perovskite shows an Fm-3m space group with a cubic lattice parameter of 11.62Å confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurement, while UV-Vis measurement indicates this type of perovskite has direct band gap ~3.1 eV. The fabricated solar cell device reveals the enhancement in current density at short circuit condition (Jsc) from 64.69 mA/cm2 to 77.02 mA/cm2 with the addition of 2.25 mg/ml Cs2SnI6 along with the enhancement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 7.05% to 9.75% as characterized by J-V measurement. In our case, the voltage at open circuit condition (Voc) of the device does not perform significant improvement. Besides, it is found that the solar cell devices are quite stable even after exposure in the air for six weeks after fabrication, as indicated by PCE performance.
Effect of Concentration and Nozzle-Collector Distance on the Morphology of Nanofibers
Authors: Fatimah Iim , Sari Tri Ilma , Anggoro Dicky
Published: August 2020

Electrospinning is a method for making nanofibers by utilizing an electric field produced by high voltage. Electrospinning process is influenced by several factors including the concentration of the solution, conductivity, viscosity, volatility, surface tension, electric field strength between the needle and the collector, feed / flow rate and environmental conditions which include temperature, humidity and air composition. Electrospinning parameters are used to optimize the size of the nanofiber, concentration of the solution and the distance of the nozzle to collector. In the process of electrospinning PVA solutions that are handled by high dc voltage gets an electrostatic force and electric field. The solution will elongate to form a Taylor cone, then a jet of polymer will undergo thinning and evaporation to form fibers in the collector. The results of morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the smallest nanofiber was obtained at a solution concentration of 5%, dc high voltage10 kV, and the distance of the nozzle to collector was 15 cms.
The Different Stages of Vestibular Neuritis from the Point of View of the Video Head Impulse Test
Authors: Manzari Leonardo , Graziano Domenico , Tramontano Marco
Published: August 2020

Vestibular neuritis (VN) is one of the most common causes of acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). Quantifying the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain by the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) could provide useful information to diagnose VN. This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the VOR gain values during the acute and subacute stages of the VN and to correlate these values with the patients’ dizziness-related handicap. Medical record of 28 patients with VN were reviewed. Patients were assigned to two groups according to the time since the acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). One group with patients assessed within seventy-two hours since the AVS (AVSg) and one group with patients evaluated from four days to six weeks since the AVS (PAVSg). VOR gain was evaluated in all selected patients and correlated to Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). Significant differences were found in the between-subjects analysis in DHI score (p = 0.000) and in the ipsilesional hVOR gain values (p = 0.001). The correlation analysis showed significant results (p = 0.017) between DHI score (40 ± 16.08) and ipsilesional VOR gain (0.54 ± 0.09) in the PAVSg. Patients evaluated within 72 h since the AVS showed anticompensatory saccades (AcS) turning the head toward the contralesional side. Patients with unilateral Superior VN (SVN) could have dissimilar hVOR gain values and DHI score according to the damage of the VIII pair of cranial nerves. AcS in the contralesional side is a sign of acute phase in patients with unilateral SVN.
Can Left ventricular outflow tract aortic velocity time integral guide fluid resuscitation in septic patients? - A case report
Authors: Colombo Livio , Panizzardi Francesco , Rusconi Irene , Roncoroni Anna , Bergamaschi Marta , Macheda Alfredo
Published: August 2020

Hemodynamic monitoring of unstable patients is an everyday issue for Emergency Physicians (EP). Considering the difficulty, in Emergency Department (ED) settings, to assess invasively Stroke Volume (SV), Cardiac Output (CO) and Peripheral Vascular Resistance (PVR), EP should be familiar with non-invasive, easy and reproducible methods that can estimate these parameters. The use of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract aortic Velocity Time Integral (LVOT-VTI) with echocardiography, as estimate of SV, integrated with inferior vena cava collapse index and clinical examination could give the opportunity to non-invasively understand at which point of an ideal cardiac output/central venous pressure relation (according to the Frank Starling law) the patient is situated. In this case report we describe a septic patient accessing the ED with both respiratory and cardiac failure, and we show that the use of aortic LVOT-VTI is an easy and reproducible approach to understand cardiac hemodynamic in scenarios involving multiple pathologic mechanisms.
Contribution of the Autonomic Nervous System to Recovery in Firefighters
Authors: Ebersole Kyle T. , Cornell David J. , Flees Robert J. , Shemelya Corey M. , Noel Sabrina E.
Published: August 2020

Context

Sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs) have accounted for nearly half of the line-of-duty deaths among US firefighters over the past 10 years. In 2018, 33% of all SCDs occurred after the end of a fire service call. Researchers have suggested that an imbalance in autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation of heart rate postcall may interfere with recovery in firefighters.

Objective

To use heart-rate recovery (HRR) and heart-rate variability (HRV), 2 noninvasive markers of ANS function, to examine the ANS recovery profiles of firefighters.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Firehouse and research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty-seven male career active-duty firefighters (age = 39 ± 9 years, height = 178.8 ± 5.4 cm, mass = 87.9 ± 11.2 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Percentage of maximal HR (%MHR) and HRV (natural log of the square root of the mean sum of the squared differences [lnRMSSD]) were collected after both submaximal and maximal exercise protocols during a 10-minute seated recovery. The HRR profiles were examined by calculating the asymptote, amplitude, and decay parameters of the monoexponential HRR curve for each participant.

Results

Differences in HRR parameters after 10 minutes of seated recovery were identified after submaximal versus maximal exercise (P < .001). In addition, although ANS was more suppressed after maximal exercise, HRV indicated incomplete recovery, and regardless of the test, recovery %MHR and lnRMSSD values did not return to pretest %MHR and lnRMSSD values.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the ANS contributions to recovery in active-duty firefighters are exercise-intensity specific, and this is likely an important factor when establishing best-practice recovery guidelines.
Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound robotic system with the subject placed in the prone position
Authors: Damianou Christakis , Giannakou Marinos , Menikou George , Ioannou Leonidas
Published: August 2020

Background:

In this article, a medical robotic system that performs magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery ablation is presented. The main innovation of this robotic system is that all the actuators are placed outside the water container. The transducer is immersed in water through an arm which is attached to the angular stage.

Materials and Methods:

The system includes three linear and one angular stage. The device uses piezoelectric motors for each motion stage. The accuracy was achieved with optical encoders. A focused transducer operated at 1 MHz with a radius of curvature of 10 cm and a diameter of 4 cm was used. A polyacrylamide gel was used to assess the ultrasound protocol.

Results:

The system was tested in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment and was proved to be a magnetic resonance compatible. The accuracy of the system was tested, and it was found that spatial steps of 0.2 mm can be safely and reliably achieved. With this robotic system, it is possible to access many organs that ultrasound penetrates with the patient placed in a prone position.

Conclusion:

The proposed robotic system can be modified so that it can be used for other applications. One example of an alternative application is MRI-guided biopsy. Another application is to replace the transducer arm with a radio frequency (RF) device to perform MRI guided RF ablation. Finally, the maneuverability of the robotic system can be enhanced further by attaching another angular stage to the system.
How to make medical information comparable and searchable
Authors: Orthuber Wolfgang
Published: August 2020

For accurate digital representation of original (e.g. medical) information we have to recall that any information is selection from a common set of possibilities. This one dimensional or multidimensional set is called “domain”. Letters and language vocabulary are only special examples of domains which lead to non-reproducible digital representation. Since introduction of the internet, however, it is technically feasible to define domains online. These “adapted domains” can be optimized in dependence of the application (e.g. medical diagnosis). Then all relevant features of the original information in this application can be represented and transported digitally by comparable and searchable “Domain Vectors” (DVs). This would be important e.g. for medical decision support, therefore the introduction of Domain Vectors is urgently recommended. The setup of a comfortable internet presence for definition of adapted domains (and Domain Vectors) would be a first step for this.
A pilot-scale test on the treatment of biological pretreated leachate by the synergy of ozonation-biological treatment-catalytic ozonation
Authors: Chen Yuanmei , Xiao Yutang , Wang Guanping , Shi Wei , Sun Linquan , Chen Yanfang , Miao Aichun
Published: August 2020

In this pilot-scale test, the ozonation-biological treatment-catalytic ozonation system was performed to treat complex organics and highly-concentrated total nitrogen (TN) in biological pretreated incineration leachate. The test results showed that the ratio of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) / chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased from 0.059 to 0.237, which indicated that the concentration of biodegradable COD (CODbio) increased by ozonation pre-treatment process. In addition, the TN removal mainly occurred in anaerobic zone due to direct denitrification by the activated bacteria, which were domesticated through different influent ratio. Moreover, it was necessary to add catalytic ozonation process to reach higher direct effluent discharge criteria. After 60 days repeated debugging, the removal rate of COD and TN reached 88.5% and 98.2%, respectively. Finally, the total cost of this system was ￥ 6.65 /m3 ($ 0.95 /m3), which was acceptable for the treatment of biological pretreated leachate. This pilot-scale test could provide some guiding information for the treatment of leachate containing highly-concentrated TN with low CODbio/N by the composite system.
Metodologias, ferramentas e aplicações da inteligência artificial nas diferentes linhas do combate a Covid-19
Authors: Neves Barbara Coelho
Published: August 2020

O tema deste artigo trata da inteligência artificial (IA) no contexto da informação em saúde. Tem como objetivo principal apresentar um conjunto de metodologias, ferramentas e aplicações da inteligência artificial nas diferentes linhas do combate ao novo coronavírus e a Covid-19. Especificamente, exemplifica tecnologias de IA (dados tabulares, processamento de linguagem natural e visão computacional), utilizadas durante a pandemia nos campos da saúde e destaca as principais aplicações da IA no combate a Covid-19. Quanto à metodologia, foi um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, descritivo e de levantamento sistemático com apoio de revisão de literatura. Como principal resultado apresenta os avanços da transformação digital que a sociedade está passando, principalmente, nos campos que envolvem as ações de mitigação do novo coronavírus. Considera finalmente que o movimento circular entre tecnologias, inovação e comportamento se retroalimentam na sociedade e a inteligência artificial perpassa de forma transversal este processo. Talvez isso seja ainda mais forte e visível de ser observado durante a pandemia da Covid-19.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN ANGGARAN SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN KAS PADA PT. GAPURA ANGKASA MAKASSAR
Authors: Ranung Baso , Sarong Sumarni
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan dan perbandingan sertarealisasi anggaran kas pada PT. Gapura Angkasa Makassar.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Analisis perbandingan, yaitu suatu analisis yangmembandingkan antara anggaran kas dengan realisasi kas yang terjadi dalamperusahaan.Analisis anggaran kas, yaitu suatu analisis mengenai anggaran kas yang terjadidalam perusahaan yang meliputi anggaran penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas, realisasianggaran penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas yang dilakukan perusahaan serta penggunaansurplus kas dan pemenuhan defisit kas.Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan mengenai analisis anggaran kassebagai alat pengendalian kas pada PT. Gapura Angkasa Makassar yang telahdikemukakan, maka dapat disimpulkan yaitu hasil analisis anggaran kas pada PT.Gapura Angkasa Makassar menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dapat menerapkan ataumengendalikan anggaran dengan baik dan terkendali
WAYANG SEBAGAI SUMBER INSPIRASI DAN ENERGI DALAM SASTRA INDONESIA MODERN: ANALISIS GENETIS RESEPTIF
Authors: Sutanto Edy
Published: August 2020

           Wayang  was born almost 34 century ago and modern Indonesian  literatur was born almost a century ago. As integral part of modern society as well as an imagiation and creativity, literature also carries a social funtion. At certain periods literature can also be functioned as conservation of national enthusiasm, law,economic, convention, ethics, and other social systems. Modern Indonesian Literature, especially when it is viewed through its caracterization element is conceptually a combination between modernization and tradition. Its form, content, and narative structure were influenced by Western literary tradition, novelistic convention. Where as its energy its archetypal structure, were taken from east, thrugh wayang world.

 

Keywords: novel, wayang, esthetics, archetype, literature,  tradition.
RIVIEW SKEMA ACFTA TERHADAP EKSPOR INDONESIA KE TIONGKOK, HONGKONG DAN ASEAN
Authors: Adnyana Made
Published: August 2020

          In addition to the free trade accord of Bali II, Indonesia has also agreed to implement ACFTA with RRChina and Hongkong. Four schemes agreed up on are Early Harvest Program (EHP), Normal Track (NT) Sensitive Track (ST) and Highly Sensitive Track (HST). The  method used in the study is applying  New Trade Theory model, i.e. involving Comparative Advantage determinants, along with regression analysis. The study  focuses on  data on export volume of  1996 up to  2013 on three-monhly basis. The finding of the study is that certain commodities have gained promising export in 2010; steady export growth has been experienced by two commodities numbered as 87 and 27 at the schemes.   The number 26 commodity at the scheme experienced the decline.

 

Keywords: ACFTA schemes, exsport from Indonesia, RR China, Hongkong
IDENTITAS ISLAM DALAM KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA TERHADAP PALESTINA, STUDI KASUS : PENYELENGGARAAN KONFERENSI TINGKAT TINGGI (KTT) LUAR BIASA KE-5 TAHUN 2016 ORGANISASI KERJASAMA ISLAM (OKI) DI JAKARTA
Authors: Abdurofiq Atep
Published: August 2020

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia hosted the 5th Extraordinary Summit Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) on Palestine and Al-Quds Al-Sharif in Jakarta on March 7, 2016. The event reflects the Islamic identity in Indonesia’s foreign policy. The event is analyzed by the constructivist perspective. In constructivist perspective, interests and State's behavior are influenced by the meaning States’s identity. The identity is the result of a State’s internal and external preference. Islamic identity embodied in Indonesia's interests to get recognition, economic interests and the protection of Indonesian Workers in Middle East Countries.

 

Keywords: Identity, Interests, Foreign Policy