bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing uncertainty bounds of two-dimensional hydrodynamic
model output by constraining model roughness
Authors: Bhola Punit Kumar , Leandro Jorge , Disse Markus
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The consideration of uncertainties in flood risk assessment has received increasing attention over the last two decades. However, the assessment is not reported in practice due to the lack of best practices and too wide uncertainty bounds. We present a method to constrain the model roughness based on measured water levels and reduce the uncertainty bounds of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Results show that the maximum uncertainty in roughness generated an uncertainty bound in the water level of 1.26 m (90 % confidence interval) and by constraining roughness, the bounds can be reduced as much as 0.92 m.
Power spectra of random heterogeneities in the solid earth
Authors: Sato Haruo
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Recent seismological observations focusing on the collapse of an impulsive
wavelet revealed the existence of small-scale random heterogeneities in the earth medium.
The radiative transfer theory (RTT) is often used for the study of the propagation and
scattering of wavelet intensities, the mean square amplitude envelopes through random
media. For the statistical characterization of the power spectral density function (PSDF)
of the random fractional fluctuation of velocity inhomogeneities in a 3-D space, we use
an isotropic von Kármán-type function characterized by three parameters: the root
mean square (RMS) fractional velocity fluctuation, the characteristic length, and the
order of the modified Bessel function of the second kind, which leads to the power-law
decay of the PSDF at wavenumbers higher than the corner. We compile reported statistical
parameters of the lithosphere and the mantle based on various types of measurements for a
wide range of wavenumbers: photo-scan data of rock samples; acoustic well-log data; and
envelope analyses of cross-hole experiment seismograms, regional seismograms, and
teleseismic waves based on the RTT. Reported exponents of wavenumber are distributed
between −3 and −4, where many of them are close to −3. Reported RMS fractional
fluctuations are on the order of 0.01–0.1 in the crust and the upper mantle. Reported
characteristic lengths distribute very widely; however, each one seems to be restricted
by the dimension of the measurement system or the sample length. In order to grasp the
spectral characteristics, eliminating strong heterogeneity data and the lower mantle
data, we have plotted all the reported PSDFs of the crust and the upper mantle against
wavenumber for a wide range (10−3–108 km−1). We find that the spectral
envelope of those PSDFs is well approximated by the inverse cube of wavenumber. It suggests that the earth-medium randomness has a broad
spectrum. In theory, we need to re-examine the applicable range of the Born approximation
in the RTT when the wavenumber of a wavelet is much higher than the corner. In
observation, we will have to carefully measure the PSDF on both sides of the corner. We
may consider the obtained power-law decay spectral envelope as a reference for studying
the regional differences. It is interesting to study what kinds of geophysical processes
created the observed power-law spectral envelope at different scales and in different
geological environments in the solid earth medium.
Constraining metamorphic dome exhumation and fault activity
through hydrothermal monazite-(Ce)
Authors: Bergemann Christian A. , Gnos Edwin , Berger Alfons , Janots Emilie , Whitehouse Martin J.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Zoned monazite-(Ce) from Alpine fissures/clefts is used to gain new insights into the exhumation history of the Central Alpine Lepontine metamorphic dome, and timing of deformation along the Rhone-Simplon fault zone on the dome's western termination. These hydrothermal monazites-(Ce) directly date deformation and changes in physiochemical conditions through crystallization ages, in contrast to commonly employed cooling-based methods. The 480 SIMS measurement ages from 20 individual crystals record ages over a time interval between ~ 19 and 5 Ma, with individual grains recording ages over a lifetime of 2 to 7.5 Ma. The age range combined with age distribution and internal crystal structure help to distinguish between areas whose deformational history was dominated by distinct tectonic events or continuous exhumation. The combination of this age data with geometrical considerations and spatial distribution give a more precise exhumation/cooling history for the area. In the east and south of the study region, the units underwent monazite-(Ce) growth at 19–12.5 and 16.5–10.5 Ma, followed by a central group of monazite-(Ce) ages at 15–10 Ma and the movements and related cleft monazites-(Ce) are youngest at the western border with 13–7 Ma. A last phase around 8–7 Ma is limited to clefts of the Simplon normal fault and related strike slip faults as the Rhone and Rhine-Rhone faults. The large data-set spread over significant metamorphic structures shows that the opening of clefts, fluid flow and monazite-(Ce) stability is direct linked to the geodynamic evolution in space and time.
Competência em informação: uma abordagem sobre o arquivista
Authors: Ventura Renata , Da Silva Eva Cristina Leite , Vitorino Elizete Vieira
Published: February 2019

Objetivo. Analisa possíveis conexões entre a competência em informação, o arquivista e o arquivo. As atribuições do arquivista foram estudadas, a fim de identificar quais os vínculos com a competência em informação, tendo como base o que se apresenta na bibliografia arquivística e de competência em informação.Método. A pesquisa tem por finalidade ser básica, está caracterizada em relação ao objetivo como exploratória, apresenta abordagem qualitativa, e utiliza a técnica bibliográfica.Resultados. Os resultados apresentam a competência dos profissionais da informação, definem a competência em informação, tratam da competência em informação do arquivista e da dimensão política evidenciada na relação arquivista e arquivo. Conclui que o arquivista é um profissional competente em informação e suas atribuições intensificam essa competência. Com relação ao arquivo, esse ambiente auxilia no desenvolvimento da dimensão política da competência em informação do arquivista, já que permite o acesso às informações documentais e o exercício da cidadania.
PLAFIR: aplicativo web para planejamento financeiro rural
Authors: Lizzoni Luciano , Feiden Aldi , Feiden Armin
Published: February 2019

Objetivo. A diversificação rural é um meio para que agricultores familiares prosperem ou até mesmo não pereçam. Contudo, decidir por uma nova atividade rural pode se tornar um trabalho árduo. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um Sistema de Informação que auxilie o agricultor na tomada de decisão por meio de indicadores financeiros.Método. Foi aplicado um questionário a vinte agricultores familiares do Oeste Paranaense, com abordagem quantitativa, e realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental para verificar os Sistemas de Informação disponíveis no mercado. Posteriormente, foi elaborado um projeto de software, utilizando elementos da UML, e como framework de desenvolvimento o ASP.NET Core MVC 1.1, com banco de dados PostgreSQL 9.5. A IDE utilizada para desenvolvimento foi o Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Community Edition. Os testes foram realizados em ambiente Linux com Ubuntu 14.04, Apache 2 e navegador Chrome 55.Resultados. A implementação do projeto de software resultou no aplicativo denominado de Planejamento Financeiro Rural (Plafir). Este é um aplicativo web que auxilia na tomada de decisão, quando o agricultor decide investir em uma nova atividade rural. Com base em modelos financeiros pré-cadastrados no sistema por técnicos agrícolas e uma tabela de insumos com preços atualizados, o agricultor pode selecionar determinado modelo, simular a produção e conferir os resultados financeiros.Conclusões. A agricultura familiar está desprovida de Sistemas de Informação para a tomada de decisão e o aplicativo Plafir atende ao objetivo proposto neste estudo, contribuindo para a seleção de uma nova atividade rural.
O desenvolvimento de coleções em bibliotecas universitárias sob o olhar da teoria da complexidade e da análise de domínio
Authors: Pinheiro Liliane Vieira , Café Lígia Maria Arruda , Silva Edna Lúcia da
Published: February 2019

Objetivo. Pesquisa que propôs pensar o Desenvolvimento de Coleções em bibliotecas universitárias inspirado na Teoria da Complexidade e na Análise de Domínio. Buscou aporte teórico na Teoria da Complexidade de Morin e no paradigma social da Ciência da Informação, mais especificamente na Análise de Domínio de Hjørland, para pensar como poderiam ser tecidas diretrizes para o Desenvolvimento de Coleções em bibliotecas universitárias de forma a enfrentar os desafios da contemporaneidade.Método. Estabelece como caminho metodológico os pressupostos da Teoria da Complexidade e a perspectiva qualitativa para a abordagem do problema. Para tal, conta com quatro dimensões de análise: epistemológica, do pensamento registrado, do pensamento institucionalizado e do pensamento vigenteResultados. Os resultados indicam que o Desenvolvimento de Coleções engloba inúmeros elementos e enfrenta dificuldades, é orientado ao atendimento das demandas da instituição e usuários, requer a participação da comunidade acadêmica, inclusive na elaboração da política, que deve ser alinhada à missão da instituição e atualizada constantemente.Conclusão. Conclui que pensar sobre as diretrizes para o Desenvolvimento de Coleções, adotando a perspectiva social da Análise de Domínio e baseado no anel tetralógico de Morin, contribui para o desnudamento de questões que envolvem esse processo em bibliotecas universitárias.
Cooperativismo agroalimentario en Europa. Dimensión, gobernanza y análisis BCG de las sociedades cooperativas TOP25 de la UE-28 y TOP10 en España
Authors: Colom Gorgues Antonio , Cos Sánchez Pilar , Florensa Guiu Rosa M.
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la situación del cooperativismo agroalimentario en Europa, para identificar las estrategias comunes aparecidas en los escenarios europeos y analizar la dinámica hacia el futuro en este siglo XXI. Un pilar fundamental de este trabajo es, por un lado, analizar la dimensión y los modelos de sociedades cooperativas agroalimentarias europeas, por otro, el dinamismo y posición empresarial de las mismas, efectuando un análisis según la matriz portafolio del Boston Consulting Group (BCG), y finalizando con el estudio y análisis de las formas o modelos de gobierno interno. Las nuevas formas de gobernanza interna aparecidas dentro de un contexto integrador buscando mayor grado de eficacia y eficiencia, y para ello con tendencia hacia una mejora organizativa y mayor dimensión estructural y de comercio internacional, son compatibles con estas formas jurídicas de sociedades cooperativas, al igual que lo son las actuaciones integradas de estas, con otras formas jurídicas de cariz mercantilista, a veces denominados modelos híbridos, pero que abogan por la utilidad y ventajas de la asunción y aplicación de los principios y valores cooperativos. La empresa societaria cooperativa agroalimentaria ha demostrado en su evolución en el tiempo, ser un modelo capaz de adaptarse a los cambios y dinámica global de la economía y la sociedad, integrando en su actividad cooperativizada elementos concretos de las buenas prácticas para la obtención de buenos resultados sociales y económicos, con el compromiso de respeto y conservación medioambiental.
More than Numbers: David B. Barrett and the Twentieth-Century Historiography of World Christianity
Authors: Zurlo Gina A.
Published: February 2019

This article argues that David Barrett’s (1927–2011) World Christian Encyclopedia (1982) presented the first comprehensive quantitative assessment of membership in all branches of the church and provided a new intellectual framework that shaped contemporary understandings of world Christianity. Barrett’s location in Nairobi, Kenya, with the Church Missionary Society during the rise of African nationalism and decolonization informed his perspective on world Christianity. Like the African Independent Churches he studied, Barrett broke off from the missionary establishment and supported “schismatic” African groups. Barrett’s experience in Kenya illustrated how influential the growth of African Christianity was in reshaping definitions of world Christianity. He was the first person to quantify religious adherence of all kinds and to represent all of world Christianity together. The World Christian Encyclopedia indicated that a new era of world Christianity had come, and its center of gravity had moved from white Europe to black Africa.
Adjectives relate individuals to states: Evidence from the two readings of English Determiner + Adjective
Authors: Glass Lelia
Published: February 2019

As an argument in favor of the (minority) view that adjectives involve a neo-Davidsonian state argument, I argue that it grounds an analysis of the English Determiner + Adjective construction (the old). On its “individuated” reading (the old are generally happier), this seems to refer to old individuals; on its “mass” reading (the old is never ordinary), to something like oldness. Empirically, this paper uses naturally-occurring data to show that both readings are more productive than sometimes  suggested. Theoretically, the two are parsimoniously derived by existentially closing off one or the other of the two arguments (the individual argument x, the state argument s) made available by the state analysis – λxλs[old(s) ∧ holder(x,s)] – deriving a predicate of individuals for the individuated reading, and a predicate of states for the mass reading. This account of Determiner + Adjective further reflects the philosophical idea that properties can be construed as predicates of individuals or as the abstract thing that those individuals share; and connects to other ways of nominalizing both verb phrases and adjectives.
Percutaneous irreversible electroporation in combination with radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Scarica Sabrina , Sanges Federica , Rossi Giuseppe , Ragone Enrico
Published: February 2019

Introduction: There are more option of treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), that is currently the sixth most common cancer worldwide. As only 10–20% of patients are candidates for surgery (resection or transplantation), ablative therapies such as Radiofrequency (RF) and Microwave (MW) ablation are both widely used techniques, but tumors adjacent to heat-sensitive structures such as the gallbladder, major bile ducts, portal vein, and hepatic veins are difficult to destroy. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new non-thermal ablation technique for pancreatic and liver tumors that generates electrical fields leading to cell death through apoptosis. In this way IRE prevents collateral damage to other tissues, such as blood vessels, bile ducts, nerves, gallbladder and other vital organs which often occur in thermal ablation techniques.

Case Report: We report the treatment of an inoperable HCC with a maximum diameter of 40 mm in left lobe at the 4th hepatic segment, adjacent to the gallbladder in a 75-year-old female with hepatitis C–related cirrhosis. It was used for the first time a dual thermal and nonthermal ablative technique: ultrasound–guided irreversible electroporation ablation (IRE) following ultrasound–guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the same session. We got complete response at 1, 3 and 6 months follow-up without evidenced of local tumor progression or metastatic disease.

Conclusion: Combination therapy plays an important role in the treatment of unresectable HCC, because near vital structures, but additional research is necessary to assess further the safety, efficacy and long-term outcomes for this combination therapy.
Multi-block technique applied to Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions
Authors: Almeida Jeferson Osmar de , Lobão Diomar Cesar , Stampa Cleyton Senior , Alvarez Gustavo Benitez
Published: February 2019

In this work, numerical solutions of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes and Euler equations using explicit MacCormack method on multi-block structured mesh are presented for steady state and unsteady state compressible fluid flows. The multi-block technique and generalized coordinate system are used to develop a numerical solver which can be applied for a large range of compressible flow problems on complex geometries without modifying the governing equations and numerical method. Besides that the numerical method is based on a finite difference approach and the generalized coordinates introduced allow the application of the boundary conditions easily. The subsonic flow over a backward facing step and supersonic flow over a curved ramp are presented, and the results are compared with the experimental and numerical data.
Influence of compression on soil characterization by X ray fluorescence
Authors: Vieira Yasmin , Linck Mara Regina , Gobbi Delton Luiz , Menezes Lucas Brandalise , Vilasbôas Fernanda Da Silva
Published: February 2019

The study of soil mineralogy has been highlighted in recent years, as well as the search for alternative analytical techniques for soil analysis. The classical methods for determination of total oxides in soil expose the analyst to chemical hazards and require time-consuming sample preparation and decomposition. XRF is being employed for this type of analysis, since it does not requires the use of chemical solvents. However, the technique requires samples with a smooth and homogeneous surface. The objective of this study was to verify if the soil compression (in 5 t, 10 t and 15 t) influenced the determination of the oxides content in soils of different municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Passo Fundo and Cruz Alta). The experiments and the analysis of the data showed that the XRF technique presented low coefficients of variation and low standard deviation and did not have statistical difference between the samples of the same type of soil. The lower variations of these analytical criteria were obtained for soil analysed in the form of powder. Therefore, the most suitable form for the analysis of these soils is in the sedimentary form, however, it is still recommended the use of statistical tools to verify the reliability of the data obtained.
A numerical model based on the curvilinear coordinate system for the MAC method simplified
Authors: Cirilo Eliandro Rodrigues , Barba Alessandra Negrini Dalla , Natti Paulo Laerte , Romeiro Neyva Maria Lopes
Published: February 2019

In this paper we developed a numerical methodology to study some incompressible fluid flows without free surface, using the curvilinear coordinate system and whose edge geometry is constructed via parametrized spline. First, we discussed the representation of the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations on the curvilinear coordinate system, along with the auxiliary conditions. Then, we presented the numerical method – a simplified version of MAC (Marker and Cell) method – along with the discretization of the governing equations, which is carried out using the finite differences method and the implementation of the FOU (First Order Upwind) scheme. Finally, we applied the numerical methodology to the parallel plates problem, lid-driven cavity problem and atherosclerosis problem, and then we compare the results obtained with those presented in the literature.
Swarm interaction in 2D
Authors: Lobão Diomar Cesar
Published: February 2019

In the present work is described a simple minimal model set of ordinary differential system of equations for simulating the swarming behavior of preys under action of predators. Preys and predators are represented by a set of ODEs taking in account the Newtonian attraction-repulsion forces. The predators interacts with the preys through a Newtonian force, which is a nonconservative force (includes friction) that acts in the same direction for both agents. A perturbing force is introduced for the predators’ dynamics in order to simulate its behavior among preys. The resulting system of ordinary differential equations is solved numerically by means of Runge-Kutta of fourth order and the dynamics are discussed in the present work as the swarm’s ability to realistically avoid the predator. The main goal is to reproduce swarm behavior that has been observed in nature with the minimal and simple possible model of ODE system.
Verslag MvO-symposium 27 september 2018
Authors: van Dooren E.A.
Published: February 2019

Verslag MvO-symposium 27 september 2018

Verslag van het MvO-symposium van 27 september 2018 met lezingen over de blockchain-AVA en de variabele beloningen voor bestuurders.
Loyaliteitsregelingen; lessen uit Frankrijk en Delaware
Authors: Bakker K.J.
Published: February 2019

Loyaliteitsregelingen; lessen uit Frankrijk en Delaware

Een aantal Nederlandse beursvennootschappen heeft een loyaliteitsregeling, bedoeld om aandeelhouders te prikkelen op lange termijn betrokken te blijven bij de vennootschap. In deze bijdrage onderzoekt de auteur welke lessen daarvoor kunnen worden ontleend aan de ervaringen met loyaliteitsregelingen in Frankrijk en Delaware.
Modernisering Strafvordering: de bevoegdheden met betrekking tot het lichaam en het ongemotiveerd uithollen van waarborgen
Authors: Brinkhoff S.
Published: February 2019

Modernisering Strafvordering: de bevoegdheden met betrekking tot het lichaam en het ongemotiveerd uithollen van waarborgen.

In het zesde hoofdstuk van Boek 2 van het concept-Wetboek van Strafvordering staan de strafvorderlijke bevoegdheden centraal die betrekking hebben op het lichaam. Voor een groot deel zijn de thans bestaande bevoegdheden samengebracht in één hoofdstuk en worden er maar een paar nieuwe bevoegdheden gecreëerd. In dit artikel wordt belicht dat tamelijk geruisloos en bovendien eenzijdig vanuit het perspectief van opsporingsbelangen op een aantal plekken de geldende waarborgen worden verminderd. Betoogd wordt dat daar niet te lichtvaardig toe moet worden overgaan. Zeker niet zonder deugdelijke onderbouwing en zeker niet bij bevoegdheden die een forse inbreuk maken op de lichamelijke integriteit van een verdachte burger. Het laten vervallen van de eis van het bestaan van ernstige bezwaren is in dit opzicht de meest fundamentele voorgestelde wijziging. Op dit punt verdient het de voorkeur dat de voorstellen van de wetgever worden bediscussieerd en zo nodig worden bijgestuurd.
Horyzonty pracy socjalnej w XXI wieku
Authors: Mikołajczyk Marta
Published: February 2019

W artykule ukazano wybrane problemy społeczne i zadania, w które angażują się pracownicy socjalni na świecie. Ich role nie ograniczają się do przyznawania zasiłków – czynności najczęściej przypisywanej pracownikom socjalnym w Polsce. Polegają na edukowaniu, przełamywaniu tabu, inicjowaniu działań mających na celu poprawę funkcjonowania jednostek, grup i społeczności oraz ich budowaniu i integrowaniu. Tekst powstał na podstawie przeglądu wybranych prezentacji i plakatów pokazanych podczas światowej konferencji naukowej Social Work, Education and Social Development zorganizowanej w Dublinie w lipcu bieżącego roku.
Czas wolny jako obszar pracy socjalnej
Authors: Różański Tomasz
Published: February 2019

Czas wolny stanowi istotny składnik ludzkiego życia. Współcześnie jest zaliczany do wiodących kwestii społecznych. Szczególne znaczenie przypisuje się problemowi jego właściwego zagospodarowania. Artykuł ten poświęcono zagadnieniom czasu wolnego jako sfery pracy socjalnej. Punktem wyjścia podjętych rozważań była próba określenia rozpatrywanego pojęcia. Wskazano na główne aspekty czasu wolnego oraz na cechy aktywności wolnoczasowej. Następnie – odwołując się do klasyfikacji wybranych autorów – scharakteryzowano podstawowe funkcje czasu wolnego z uwzględnieniem perspektywy pedagogiki społecznej (odpoczynek, zabawa, praca nad sobą). W dalszej kolejności określono istotę pracy socjalnej oraz wymieniono jej zasadnicze funkcje. Wreszcie zwrócono uwagę na czas wolny jako istotny wskaźnik partycypacji społecznej i jeden z kluczowych obszarów pracy socjalnej. Odwołano się w tym celu do koncepcji kapitałów Pierre’a Bourdieu. W końcowej części opracowania wskazano na edukacyjny wymiar pracy socjalnej w kontekście problematyki czasu wolnego.
Pomoc rodzinie dysfunkcjonalnej w postępowaniu pozasądowym i związane z tym wszczęcie postępowania sądowego
Authors: Jakimiec Daniel
Published: February 2019

W artykule podjęto problematykę pomocy udzielanej rodzinie przez instytucje publiczne, w szczególności koncentrując się na jej niepowodzeniu w aspekcie dalszego skutku, jakim jest wszczęcie postępowania sądowego.
Instytucje, działając w ramach władz publicznych, udzielają dysfunkcjonalnej rodzinie wszelkiego rodzaju pomocy, w tym: pedagogicznej, socjalnej, medycznej i psychologicznej, co stanowi niewątpliwie szeroki wachlarz wsparcia dla tej podstawowej jednostki społecznej. W artykule podkreślono, że aby oferowana pomoc przyniosła efekty, rodziny muszą się w nią zaangażować. Niepowodzenia służb pomocy rodzinie w zakresie oferowanej pomocy zazwyczaj wynikają z braku woli współdziałania członka rodziny z tymi instytucjami. Gdy wsparcie ze strony służb pomocy rodzinie nie przyniesie zamierzonych skutków, a sytuacja rodziny lub jej członka wymaga podjęcia stanowczych czynności prawnych ingerujących w sferę praw jednostek, wówczas dalszy tok postępowania powinien polegać na skierowaniu sprawy na drogę sądową. W rozważaniach przedstawiono przesłanki wszczęcia i prowadzenia przez sąd opiekuńczy postępowania sądowego, w tym wykonawczego, gdy brakuje dobrowolnego zaangażowania się w oferowaną pomoc przez członków rodziny. Rola sądu opiekuńczego została przedstawiona w kontekście obowiązków, które stawia przed nim ustawodawca w zakresie pomocy rodzinie.
Praca socjalna w kontekście wspierania dziecka i rodziny podczas rozwodu rodziców
Authors: Lewicka-Zelent Agnieszka , Lasota Agnieszka
Published: February 2019

Celem artykułu jest dokonanie przeglądu obowiązujących aktów normatywnych związanych z sytuacją rozwodową rodziców z punktu widzenia ryzyka oraz szans, jakie stwarzają dla sytuacji dziecka i rodziny. Autorki zwracają uwagę na odpowiedzialność pracowników socjalnych w procesie wspierania rodzin w owym kryzysie rodziny. Wzrastająca liczba rozwodów w Polsce obliguje badaczy do podejmowania naukowych dyskusji i powadzenia rzetelnych badań naukowych, których konsekwencją będą zmiany w praktycznym podejściu profesjonalistów pracujących z rodzinami. W pierwszej części artykułu skupiono się na negatywnych konsekwencjach rozwoju dzieci będących świadkami i ofiarami trudnej sytuacji rodzinnej oraz na relacjach między dziećmi a rodzicami. Autorki zwracają uwagę na istotę zadań podejmowanych w pracy socjalnej, skierowanych do całej rodziny doświadczającej kryzysu spowodowanego rozpadem małżeństwa. W ostatniej części artykułu autorki podejmują polemikę na temat superwizji w pracy socjalnej, traktowanej jako przykład dobrych praktyk rozwijania kompetencji asystentów rodziny i pracowników socjalnych w pracy zawodowej.
Taxing Income Where Value Is Created
Authors: Christians Allison , Van Apeldoorn Laurens
Published: February 2019

Subscribing to the core idea that income should be taxed where value is created, the international community has devised a set of tax base protecting rules to counter a world in which highly profitable multinational companies like Apple, Google, and Amazon pay very little in taxation. But these rules rely on assumptions about value that tend to allocate most revenues from international trade and commerce to rich countries while, whether intentionally or not, depriving poorer countries of their proper share. This Article argues that a rigorous examination of what we mean by value could prompt changes in the consensus on allocation. To demonstrate with a concrete example, the Article examines wages paid to workers in low-income countries and reveals a clear and well-documented gap between market price and fair market value resulting from labor exploitation. It then demonstrates how to apply this knowledge to existing international tax rule sets to reallocate profits to align more closely to the value-based ideal. If accepted in principle, the proposed approach could be expanded beyond wages to consider other areas in which prices do not align with value creation. Ultimately this could provide a more detailed template to reallocate multinational revenues in a way that does not inappropriately benefit richer countries at the expense of poorer ones.
FATCA, CRS, and the Wrong Choice of Who to Regulate
Authors: Noked Noam
Published: February 2019

FATCA and CRS have a major flaw that enables tax evaders to avoid reporting of their offshore financial assets. This noncompliance opportunity stems from the fact that many private entities are classified under FATCA and CRS as “financial institutions” (“FIs”), and as such these entities are required to report their beneficial owners. Where a tax evader holds financial assets through a private entity that he or she owns and manages, it is unlikely that this entity will report its owner to the tax authorities. At the same time, banks and other FIs that maintain the financial accounts of such entities are not required to report these entities’beneficial owners. Therefore, to avoid reporting, tax evaders can simply hold financial assets through private entities that are classified as FIs.This noncompliance opportunity is a result of a wrong choice of who to regulate. The drafters of FATCA and CRS decided to impose obligations on many private entities to report their beneficial owners, instead of imposing these obligations on banks and other FIs that maintain the financial assets of such entities. This policy also results in higher compliance costs for compliant taxpayers, and larger distortions and deadweight loss. Thus, it benefits tax evaders and harms compliant taxpayers. This Article proposes solutions that the U.S. Treasury and the OECD should consider.Building on this analysis, this Article explores a general question of regulatory design: how to choose which group of agents should be required to satisfy a regulatory obligation where that obligation can be imposed on one of two or more alternative groups of agents. When making this decision, the designers of the regulation should consider the cost-effectiveness of compliance, the potential distortions, and the likelihood of noncompliance for each of the alternative groups.
Taxing Litigation: Federal Tax Concerns of Personal Injury Plaintiffs and Their Lawyers
Authors: Polsky Gregg D.
Published: February 2019

This Article addresses the federal tax concerns of personal injury plaintiffs and the lawyers who represent them, typically on a contingency-fee basis. It explains when plaintiffs’ recoveries are taxable for income and employment tax purposes and whether and how those recoveries are required to be reported by defendants to the IRS. It also discusses whether attorney’s fees and costs are deductible by plaintiffs.In addition to these tax planning and compliance issues, the Article also considers when tax evidence might be admissible. Plaintiffs and defendants often try to introduce tax evidence in an effort to increase or decrease, respectively, the amount of damages awarded. These attempts have been met with varying degrees of success, depending on the jurisdiction and context.The Article then addresses the personal tax issues of trial lawyers themselves. Structured attorney fee arrangements, whereby these lawyers attempt to defer tax on contingent fees, are discussed. The tax deductibility of litigation costs advanced by contingent fee lawyers to their clients is considered. Finally, the Article concludes with a discussion of how provisions of the 2017 Tax Act might affect trial lawyers.
Revision of the amphiamerican genus Mysidium Dana, 1852 (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae), with descriptions of two new species and the establishment of two new subgenera
Authors: Wittmann Karl J. , Wirtz Peter
Published: February 2019

Revised definitions are given for the genus Mysidium Dana, 1852, and its eight previously known species, based on material from Curaçao, Bonaire and SE-Brazil, along with the evaluation of published data. Type material of Diamysis columbiae Zimmer, 1915, M. cubanense Băcescu & Ortiz, 1984 and M. rubroculatum Băcescu & Ortiz, 1984 is examined. A lectotype is designated for D. columbiae Zimmer, 1915, a senior synonym of Mysidium columbiae (Zimmer, 1915). Two new species are described, M. triangulare Wittmann sp. nov. from Curaçao and M. antillarum Wittmann sp. nov. from Curaçao and Bonaire. Known ranges are extended by first records of M. cubanense from Curaçao and Bonaire and of M. integrum W.M. Tattersall, 1951 from SE Brazil. Three morphologically different groups are established at the subgeneric level: (1) the nominotypical subgenus Mysidium Dana, 1852 with M. gracile (Dana, 1852), M. integrum, M. cubanense, M. rubroculatum and M. triangulare sp. nov. from the West Atlantic plus M. rickettsi Harrison & Bowman, 1987 from the East Pacific; (2) Occimysidium Wittmann subgen. nov. represented only by M. pumae Ortiz, Hendrickx & Winfield, 2017 from the Pacific coast of Mexico; and finally (3) Orientomysidium Wittmann subgen. nov. comprising M. columbiae and M. antillarum sp. nov. from the West Atlantic. The poorly known M. iliffei Băcescu, 1991 is not assigned to any subgenus. A key to the resulting three subgenera and ten nominal species of the genus Mysidium is given.
La Présence du poème de James Sacré
Authors: Bonhomme Béatrice
Published: February 2019

Le poème chez James Sacré est un geste de présence au monde, de présence à l'autre, un geste de vivant, un geste de drague et de désir, un geste qui va vers la vie, qui l'accompagne dans toute son épaisseur corporelle et mémorielle.
Il répond à l'énigme et au secret du monde pour le prolonger par un autre secret, qui est celui de la présence de la voix et de l'écriture du poète dans un lien complexe de l'intime et de l'universel.
Carrefours de la poésie
Authors: Pinson Jean-Claude
Published: February 2019

Jean-Claude Pinson, né en 1947, a longtemps enseigné la philosophie de l'art à l'Université de Nantes. Il est l'auteur d'une vingtaine d'ouvrages, livres de poésie, récits et essais. Son dernier ouvrage, Là (L.-A., Loire-Atlantique,
Variations autobiographiques et départementales), a paru en juillet 2018 aux éditions Joca seria.
Obtaining and maintaining cortical hand representation as evidenced from acquired and congenital handlessness
Authors: Wesselink Daan B , van den Heiligenberg Fiona MZ , Ejaz Naveed , Dempsey-Jones Harriet , Cardinali Lucilla , Tarall-Jozwiak Aurelie , Diedrichsen Jörn , Makin Tamar R
Published: February 2019

A key question in neuroscience is how cortical organisation relates to experience. Previously we showed that amputees experiencing highly vivid phantom sensations maintain cortical representation of their missing hand (Kikkert et al., 2016). Here, we examined the role of sensory hand experience on persistent hand representation by studying individuals with acquired and congenital hand loss. We used representational similarity analysis in primary somatosensory and motor cortex during missing and intact hand movements. We found that key aspects of acquired amputees’ missing hand representation persisted, despite varying vividness of phantom sensations. In contrast, missing hand representation of congenital one-handers, who do not experience phantom sensations, was significantly reduced. Across acquired amputees, individuals’ reported motor control over their phantom hand positively correlated with the extent to which their somatosensory hand representation was normally organised. We conclude that once cortical organisation is formed, it is remarkably persistent, despite long-term attenuation of peripheral signals.
Unsupervised discovery of temporal sequences in high-dimensional datasets, with applications to neuroscience
Authors: Mackevicius Emily L , Bahle Andrew H , Williams Alex H , Gu Shijie , Denisenko Natalia I , Goldman Mark S , Fee Michale S
Published: February 2019

Identifying low-dimensional features that describe large-scale neural recordings is a major challenge in neuroscience. Repeated temporal patterns (sequences) are thought to be a salient feature of neural dynamics, but are not succinctly captured by traditional dimensionality reduction techniques. Here, we describe a software toolbox—called seqNMF—with new methods for extracting informative, non-redundant, sequences from high-dimensional neural data, testing the significance of these extracted patterns, and assessing the prevalence of sequential structure in data. We test these methods on simulated data under multiple noise conditions, and on several real neural and behavioral data sets. In hippocampal data, seqNMF identifies neural sequences that match those calculated manually by reference to behavioral events. In songbird data, seqNMF discovers neural sequences in untutored birds that lack stereotyped songs. Thus, by identifying temporal structure directly from neural data, seqNMF enables dissection of complex neural circuits without relying on temporal references from stimuli or behavioral outputs.
Listeria monocytogenes cell-to-cell spread in epithelia is heterogeneous and dominated by rare pioneer bacteria
Authors: Ortega Fabian E , Koslover Elena F , Theriot Julie A
Published: February 2019

Listeria monocytogenes hijacks host actin to promote its intracellular motility and intercellular spread. While L. monocytogenes virulence hinges on cell-to-cell spread, little is known about the dynamics of bacterial spread in epithelia at a population level. Here, we use live microscopy and statistical modeling to demonstrate that L. monocytogenes cell-to-cell spread proceeds anisotropically in an epithelial monolayer in culture. We show that boundaries of infection foci are irregular and dominated by rare pioneer bacteria that spread farther than the rest. We extend our quantitative model for bacterial spread to show that heterogeneous spreading behavior can improve the chances of creating a persistent L. monocytogenes infection in an actively extruding epithelium. Thus, our results indicate that L. monocytogenes cell-to-cell spread is heterogeneous, and that rare pioneer bacteria determine the frontier of infection foci and may promote bacterial infection persistence in dynamic epithelia.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
FGF2-FGFR1 signaling regulates release of Leukemia-Protective exosomes from bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Javidi-Sharifi Nathalie , Martinez Jacqueline , English Isabel , Joshi Sunil K , Scopim-Ribeiro Renata , Viola Shelton K , Edwards David K , Agarwal Anupriya , Lopez Claudia , Jorgens Danielle , Tyner Jeffrey W , Druker Brian J , Traer Elie
Published: February 2019

Protective signaling from the leukemia microenvironment leads to leukemia cell persistence, development of resistance, and disease relapse. Here, we demonstrate that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) from bone marrow stromal cells is secreted in exosomes, which are subsequently endocytosed by leukemia cells, and protect leukemia cells from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Expression of FGF2 and its receptor, FGFR1, are both increased in a subset of stromal cell lines and primary AML stroma; and increased FGF2/FGFR1 signaling is associated with increased exosome secretion. FGFR inhibition (or gene silencing) interrupts stromal autocrine growth and significantly decreases secretion of FGF2-containing exosomes, resulting in less stromal protection of leukemia cells. Likewise, Fgf2 -/- mice transplanted with retroviral BCR-ABL leukemia survive significantly longer than their +/+ counterparts when treated with TKI. Thus, inhibition of FGFR can modulate stromal function, reduce exosome secretion, and may be a therapeutic option to overcome resistance to TKIs.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
Cellular acidosis triggers human MondoA transcriptional activity by driving mitochondrial ATP production
Authors: Wilde Blake R , Ye Zhizhou , Lim Tian-Yeh , Ayer Donald E
Published: February 2019

Human MondoA requires glucose as well as other modulatory signals to function in transcription. One such signal is acidosis, which increases MondoA activity and also drives a protective gene signature in breast cancer. How low pH controls MondoA transcriptional activity is unknown. We found that low pH medium increases mitochondrial ATP (mtATP), which is subsequently exported from the mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondria-bound hexokinase transfers a phosphate from mtATP to cytoplasmic glucose to generate glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which is an established MondoA activator. The outer mitochondrial membrane localization of MondoA suggests that it is positioned to coordinate the adaptive transcriptional response to a cell’s most abundant energy sources, cytoplasmic glucose and mtATP. In response to acidosis, MondoA shows preferential binding to just two targets, TXNIP and its paralog ARRDC4. Because these transcriptional targets are suppressors of glucose uptake, we propose that MondoA is critical for restoring metabolic homeostasis in response to high energy charge.
Delayed inhibition mechanism for secondary channel factor regulation of ribosomal RNA transcription
Authors: Stumper Sarah K , Ravi Harini , Friedman Larry J , Mooney Rachel Anne , Corrêa Ivan R , Gershenson Anne , Landick Robert , Gelles Jeff
Published: February 2019

RNA polymerases (RNAPs) contain a conserved ‘secondary channel’ which binds regulatory factors that modulate transcription initiation. In Escherichia coli, the secondary channel factors (SCFs) GreB and DksA both repress ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, but SCF loading and repression mechanisms are unclear. We observed in vitro fluorescently labeled GreB molecules binding to single RNAPs and initiation of individual transcripts from an rRNA promoter. GreB arrived and departed from promoters only in complex with RNAP. GreB did not alter initial RNAP-promoter binding but instead blocked a step after conformational rearrangement of the initial RNAP-promoter complex. Strikingly, GreB-RNAP complexes never initiated at an rRNA promoter; only RNAP molecules arriving at the promoter without bound GreB produced transcript. The data reveal that a model SCF functions by a ‘delayed inhibition’ mechanism and suggest that rRNA promoters are inhibited by GreB/DksA because their short-lived RNAP complexes do not allow sufficient time for SCFs to dissociate.
The Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative
Authors: Amaral Olavo B , Neves Kleber , Wasilewska-Sampaio Ana P , Carneiro Clarissa FD
Published: February 2019

Most efforts to estimate the reproducibility of published findings have focused on specific areas of research, even though science is usually assessed and funded on a regional or national basis. Here we describe a project to assess the reproducibility of findings in biomedical science published by researchers based in Brazil. The Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative is a systematic, multicenter effort to repeat between 60 and 100 experiments: the project will focus on a set of common methods, repeating each experiment in three different laboratories from a countrywide network. The results, due in 2021, will allow us to estimate the level of reproducibility of biomedical science in Brazil, and to investigate what aspects of the published literature might help to predict whether a finding is reproducible.
The cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of honey bee workers develop via a socially-modulated innate process
Authors: Vernier Cassondra L , Krupp Joshua J , Marcus Katelyn , Hefetz Abraham , Levine Joel D , Ben-Shahar Yehuda
Published: February 2019

Large social insect colonies exhibit a remarkable ability for recognizing group members via colony-specific cuticular pheromonal signatures. Previous work suggested that in some ant species, colony-specific pheromonal profiles are generated through a mechanism involving the transfer and homogenization of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) across members of the colony. However, how colony-specific chemical profiles are generated in other social insect clades remains mostly unknown. Here we show that in the honey bee (Apis mellifera), the colony-specific CHC profile completes its maturation in foragers via a sequence of stereotypic age-dependent quantitative and qualitative chemical transitions, which are driven by environmentally-sensitive intrinsic biosynthetic pathways. Therefore, the CHC profiles of individual honey bees are not likely produced through homogenization and transfer mechanisms, but instead mature in association with age-dependent division of labor. Furthermore, non-nestmate rejection behaviors seem to be contextually restricted to behavioral interactions between entering foragers and guards at the hive entrance.
HIV-1 Vpu is a potent transcriptional suppressor of NF-κB-elicited antiviral immune responses
Authors: Langer Simon , Hammer Christian , Hopfensperger Kristina , Klein Lukas , Hotter Dominik , De Jesus Paul D , Herbert Kristina M , Pache Lars , Smith Nikaïa , van der Merwe Johannes A , Chanda Sumit K , Fellay Jacques , Kirchhoff Frank , Sauter Daniel
Published: February 2019

Many viral pathogens target innate sensing cascades and/or cellular transcription factors to suppress antiviral immune responses. Here, we show that the accessory viral protein U (Vpu) of HIV-1 exerts broad immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Global transcriptional profiling of infected CD4 +T cells revealed that vpu-deficient HIV-1 strains induce substantially stronger immune responses than the respective wild type viruses. Gene set enrichment analyses and cytokine arrays showed that Vpu suppresses the expression of NF-κB targets including interferons and restriction factors. Mutational analyses demonstrated that this immunosuppressive activity of Vpu is independent of its ability to counteract the restriction factor and innate sensor tetherin. However, Vpu-mediated inhibition of immune activation required an arginine residue in the cytoplasmic domain that is critical for blocking NF-κB signaling downstream of tetherin. In summary, our findings demonstrate that HIV-1 Vpu potently suppresses NF-κB-elicited antiviral immune responses at the transcriptional level.
Atypical intrinsic neural timescale in autism
Authors: Watanabe Takamitsu , Rees Geraint , Masuda Naoki
Published: February 2019

How long neural information is stored in a local brain area reflects functions of that region and is often estimated by the magnitude of the autocorrelation of intrinsic neural signals in the area. Here, we investigated such intrinsic neural timescales in high-functioning adults with autism and examined whether local brain dynamics reflected their atypical behaviours. By analysing resting-state fMRI data, we identified shorter neural timescales in the sensory/visual cortices and a longer timescale in the right caudate in autism. The shorter intrinsic timescales in the sensory/visual areas were correlated with the severity of autism, whereas the longer timescale in the caudate was associated with cognitive rigidity. These observations were confirmed from neurodevelopmental perspectives and replicated in two independent cross-sectional datasets. Moreover, the intrinsic timescale was correlated with local grey matter volume. This study shows that functional and structural atypicality in local brain areas is linked to higher-order cognitive symptoms in autism.