bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diplomasinin Dönüşümü ve Dijital Diplomasi
Authors: BAŞTAN Yücel , KARAGÜL Soner
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışma, temel olarak “dijital diplomasi” kavramına açıklık getirerek, dijital platformların uluslararası ilişkiler ve diplomasi etkinliklerinde kullanımını örnekler üzerinden ortaya koymaktadır. Dijital diplomasi, kavramsal olarak literatürde, pratik olarak ise dış politika uygulayıcıları arasında farklı platformlarda çeşitli yönleri ile tartışılmaktadır. Kavramla ilgili literatürde olan temel tartışma, farklı kavramların benzer anlamlarda kullanıldığı gibi aynı zamanda kavramın kapsamıyla da ilgilidir. Genel olarak kavramsal tartışmalar ve pratik uygulamalar, dijital diplomasinin kamu diplomasisi örneklerini içermesine rağmen kamu diplomasisinin altında bir alt alan olarak değerlendirilemeyecek kadar geniş bir kullanım alanına sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Dijital dünyanın erişilebilirliği sayesinde bireysel ve kurumsal etkileşim daha fazla dijitalleşmiş, saydamlaşmış ve iletişimin iletkenliği artmıştır. Dış politika yapıcıları da interneti ve sosyal medya kanallarını sadece iletişim ve görüşleri paylaşmak için kullanmamaktadırlar. Covid-19 Pandemisi devletlerin, uluslararası örgütlerin ve uluslararası aktörlerin diplomasi yapımının dijital alana kaymasını hızlandırmıştır. Dijital alandaki gelişmeler ve dönüşümler gelecek yıllarda dijital diplomasinin devletler tarafından daha yoğun olarak kullanılacağını göstermektedir.
Vaginal Dilator Use to Promote Sexual Wellbeing After Radiotherapy in Gynaecological Cancer Survivors: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Charatsi Dimitra , Vanakara Polyxeni , Nikolaou Michail , Evaggelopoulou Aikaterini , Korfias Dimitrios , Simopoulou Foteini , Charalampakis Nikolaos , Schizas Dimitrios , Daponte Alexandros , Kyrgias George , Tolia Maria
Published: October 2021

Background: Since continuing advances in radiotherapy technology broaden the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of gynaecologic malignancies, the use of vaginal dilators has been introduced in order to mitigate the risk of vaginal stenosis. The main aims of this study were to investigate the vaginal dilator use efficacy in the treatment of radiation-induced vaginal stenosis and the vaginal dilator effect on sexual quality of life. Methods: We studied fifty-three patients with endometrial or cervical cancer. The participants were treated with radical or adjuvant external beam radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy. They were routinely examined at four time points post-radiotherapy when also they were asked to fill in a validated sexual function-vaginal changes questionnaire. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The vaginal stenosis grading score was decreased and the size of the vaginal dilator comfortably insertable was gradually increased throughout the year of vaginal dilator use while radiation-induced vaginal and sexual symptoms were improved throughout the year of VD use. All patients with initial grade 3 showed vaginal stenosis of grade 2 after 12 months of vaginal dilator use and 65.8% of the patients with grade 2 initial vaginal stenosis demonstrated final vaginal stenosis grade 1 while 77.8% of the participants with initial 1st size of vaginal dilators reached the 3rd vaginal dilator size after 12 months. Starting time of dilator therapy <= 3 months after the end of radiotherapy was associated with a significant decrease in vaginal stenosis. Additionally, there was an overall upward trend regarding patients’ satisfaction with their sexual life. Conclusion: Endometrial and cervical cancer survivors should be encouraged to use vaginal dilators for the treatment of vaginal stenosis and sexual rehabilitation after radiotherapy.
Anti-Diabetic Retinopathy Potential of Noni: The beneficial effect and possible mechanism
Authors: Ali Faisal , Dheyab Nisreen , Ismail Amin , Binti Othman Fezah
Published: October 2021

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is being evaluated in laboratory research for its benefits as an antioxidant and immunity booster, as well as for its properties to prevent tumors and cure diabetes. The vast spread of Noni in tropical region of the globe, from America reaching to Africa and Southeast Asia, contributed in enhancing its usage and potency due to the diversity in harvest zone. Noni parts comprise fruits, seeds, leaves, and flowers are being used for individual nutritional and therapeutical values. Nevertheless, the fruit is widely characterized to contain the most valuable bioactive substances. On the other hand, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disorder impacting the small blood vessels in the retina, which includes microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, and hard exudates results from prolonged exposure to high blood glucose levels. The anti-diabetes effect of Noni extract and juice has been examined but the beneficial role of Noni and its potential mechanisms against the development of diabetic retinopathy phenotype is still ambiguous. This review, therefore, will discusses in details the pharmacological actions of M. citrifolia fruit, along with their isolated phytochemical compounds on diabetic retinopathy markers, through describing the conducted in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical data.
Treatment of Gingival Recession with Hypersensitivity using Free Soft-tissue Graft Procedures
Authors: E Deliverska
Published: October 2021

Background The main goal of root coverage procedure is complete coverage of the recession defect with a good esthetic result related to the adjacent soft tissues and minimal probing depth after the healing process. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of surgical and nonsurgical treatment options in patients with gingival recession and dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Material and methods 60 patients with gingival recession Miller Class I and II with hypersensitivity and esthetic concerns were included. 30 of them were treated with free soft-tissue graft procedures and control group of 30 people were treated with anti-hypersensitivity gel. Surgically treated patients were separated in two groups: 20 of them- with coronally advanced flap with sub-epithelial connective tissue graft and 10 of them- with free gingival graft. Results We achieved full coverage on the exposed root surfaces in 18 patients treated with coronally advanced flap and de-epithelized graft and partial root coverage in two of them. Patients treated with free gingival graft procedure achieved full root coverage in 6 of them and partial on 4 of them (GR=1 mm after surgery). Surgical treatment led to resolution of the esthetic issues of the patients and elimination or reduction of the DH. In control group there were partial elimination of root sensitivity. Conclusion: In surgical treated group with both techniques we achieved resolution of DH and coverage of the root surface with healthy keratinized tissues. Surgery may be considered for treatment options of DH depending on the indications.
Modification of the Tooth Geometry of a Polymer GEAR with a Straight Tooth Line to Adjust the Torque Transmission Capability in One Direction Only
Authors: Piotr Strojny
Published: October 2021

This paper describes a methodology for modifying a tooth for the ability to transmit torque in one direction only. It presents two methods (analytical and numerical) of tooth mass reduction while maintaining functional features of the whole transmission. The results of the above mentioned methodology are presented on the example of a mass-produced transmission.
Applying Python’s Time Series Forecasting Method in Microsoft Excel – Integration as a Business Process Supporting Tool for Small Enterprises
Authors: Litwin Jolanta , Olech Marcin , Szymusik Anna
Published: October 2021

The paper describes the current state of research, where integration of Microsoft Excel and Python interpreter, gives the business user the right tool to solve chosen business process analysis problems like: forecasting, classification or clustering. The integration is done by using Visual Basic for Application (VBA), as well as XLWings Python’s library. Both mechanisms serve as an interfaces between MS Excel and Python to allow the data exchange between each other. Creating the suitable Graphical User Interface (GUI) in Microsoft Excel, gives the business user opportunity to select specific data analysis method available in Python’s environment and set its parameters, without Python’s programming. Running the method by Python’s interpreter can bring the results, which are hard or even impossible to obtain by using Microsoft Excel only. However, the data analysis methods stored in the Python’s script, which are available to the business user, as well as VBA source code, must be designed and implemented by the data scientist. Sample, basic integration between Microsoft Excel and Python’s interpreter is presented in the paper. To present value-added of the proposed software solution, simple case study according to time series forecasting problem is described, where forecasting errors of different methods available in the Microsoft Excel and Python are presented and discussed. The paper ends with conclusions according to the results of the current researches and suggested directions of further research.
Language Attrition and its Impact on Culture – A Case of Saraiki in Dera Ghazi Khan Region
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Gill Aneela , Shahbaz Sara
Published: October 2021

Language attrition is primarily the loss of language and subsequently the loss of culture and identity. A number of languages have become extinct, and many languages of the world are near extinction. This study analyzes the impact of language attrition on Saraiki and its culture in the D. G. Khan region. This research takes into consideration two domains of language use: home and university. Paradis's (2004) Activated Threshold Hypothesis (ATH) supplemented with Bot, Lowie & Verspoor's (2007) Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) has been adopted as a theoretical framework. The mixed-method approach has been used, and a sample of 100 respondents was selected from the target population. The respondents were instructed to define certain Saraiki vocabulary items, and their responses were recorded. The findings show that socio-economic, socio-cultural, socio-political and socio-demographic factors are responsible for the language attrition of Saraiki and the subsequent impact on the culture of the speakers in the selected locale.
Escalation of Swedish-Norwegian Conflict in 1895 According to the Documents of Russian Diplomats
Authors: Sadova Lyudmila
Published: October 2021

The Swedish-Norwegian conflict, which resulted in the dissolution of the union in 1905, was accompanied by outbursts of tension in relations between political forces and the public of the two countries. In 1895, when the crisis reached its peak, rumours about the threat of a war between the “fraternal peoples” were circulating among the Swedish and Norwegian public. The purpose of this work is to analyze the reports of Russian representatives in the United Kingdom of Sweden and Norway, to identify the events in 1895 that attracted the attention of diplomats and the degree to which their attitudes towards opposing political forces influenced the formation of the general picture in the Russian Foreign Ministry. The research is based on documents from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. They contain a sufficient amount of information allowing one to identify the causes, course, stages, and evolution of the Swedish-Norwegian conflict as well as the driving forces behind it. The author concludes that, firstly, diplomatic reports suggest that Russian diplomacy took the threat of an armed clash between Sweden and Norway in 1895 quite seriously; secondly, the correspondence between the Russian ambassador and the Foreign Ministry contains a generally sober assessment of the political situation in Sweden and Norway The author concludes that, firstly, the threat of an armed conflict between Sweden and Norway in 1895 was taken quite seriously by Russian diplomacy, secondly, the correspondence between the Russian ambassador and the Foreign Ministry contains a generally sober assessment of the political situation in Sweden and Norway, and the actions of Norwegian radicals are openly condemned by the former on the pages of his reports; at the same the difficult situation in which the Swedish–Norwegian king Oscar II found himself aroused sympathy, and the monarch’s position in the conflict – respect.
A digitáliskompetencia-fejlesztés új eszköze: a DigKomp Rendszer
Authors: Sörény Edina
Published: October 2021

Digital competence is a complex system of knowledge, practical skills, and behavioral elements that enables confident, critical, and creative use of digital technology-based tools and applications to make work, learning, leisure, and civic engagement more effective. Based on the 2019 data of the DESI index, the Government decided to develop a model for a digital competence development system. The Hungarian Digital Competence Framework (DigKomp System) develops and organizes tools into the system: DigKomp Learning Support Platform, DigKomp Training Register, DigKomp Certification Points, reference materials, which can serve the digital competence development of citizens more effectively than before.
19. századi magyar regényeken végzett kísérletek a magyar nyelvű szerzőazonosítás leghatékonyabb távolságméréseinek megtalálására
Authors: Timári Mária , Bajzát Tímea Borbála , Palkó Gábor
Published: October 2021

In the field of computational stylistics it is a widespread assumption that there exists a unique pattern of a person’s language use and this is a socalled authorial fingerprint (Baayen et al. 2002). Identifying the authorial fingerprint can become a base of using quantitative text similarity studies for authorship attribution. Although the metaphor of the “fingerprint” may give the false impression that this pattern can be read from the author’s texts in an objective way. The modelling of this “fingerprint” is in fact a creative digital humanities task which constructs a pattern that is based on a selection and combination of dozens of linguistic features that can be interpreted statistically and that can only be interpreted in comparison with other authorial texts. Considering the size of the corpora and the complexity of text characteristics and similarity calculations, the method cannot be done without the use of computer algorithms. There are already some softwares (e.g. R-Stylo, JGAAP, Websty) that apparently offer an accessible way to researchers for analyzing texts, (however these methods limit the process of searching for patterns), while on the other hand it is possible to implement the calculations using custom program codes. In our research we endeavour to find the most efficient measures in authorship attribution for Hungarian texts.
Influence of Sports Marketing Strategies in the Promotion of Organization Products and Services in Ilorin Metropolis
Authors: Yaqub Ajeigbe Issa
Published: October 2021

Sport marketing remain an important aspect of global sports innovation as it is relevant to the growth of business as well as its survival. It is further prescribed as a means by which company or an organization communicate their services in a sport-oriented context. Sports marketing has been developed to promote sports events and teams as well as promotion of other products and services to consumers. Descriptive survey design was used in this study. The population comprised the sport marketers and organizations that produce and sell sport products and services to consumers totaling 54 and no sample was selected as all the marketers and organization staff were used as sampled for the study. Structured questionnaire designed in a four point likert rating scale which was validated by experts in sports marketing and tested for reliability with coefficient result of 0.82 was used to elicit data from the respondents. Two research questions and two research hypotheses were formulated for the study. The two research questions were analysed using frequency, percentage and means score while the hypotheses were tested using independent T-test at 0.05 level of significant and funding reveals that there was no significant difference in the sport marketer perception of the influence of sport marketing strategy on the promotion of organization products as well as to produce valued products based on gender,. Among the recommendations, suggested include: organization must strengthen btheir marketing strategies in order to promote their products among others

Keywords: Sports marketing, strategies, and promotion of organization products and services
A mathematical model of metallization of titanium-magnetite ores of Kachkanar deposit in Midrex shaft furnace
Authors: Dmitriev A. N. , Zolotykh M. O. , Vit’kina G. Yu. , Marshuk L. A. , Yalunin M. S.
Published: October 2021

Development of a technology for obtaining direct reduction iron from titanium-magnetite ores, which will be the main ore base of the Ural ferrous metallurgy in the future, is one of the urgent tasks of metallurgical science. The world and domestic experience of the development of direct iron reduction processes, which are the most environmentally friendly of all existing methods of obtaining iron from ore considered. It was shown that the technology of metallization of iron ore materials in the Midrex shaft furnace has received the most widespread application. It is noted that the accumulated experience of using Midrex technology in Russian Federation will allow increasing the production of metallurgical raw materials with a reduced carbon footprint. An algorithm and a block diagram for calculating technical and economic indicators of the metallization process for the Midrex process shaft furnace are described. A methodology for calculating material and thermal balance of the Midrex process has been developed, taking into account the use of iron ore raw materials containing vanadium and titanium in the charge. On its basis, an algorithm was developed and a mathematical model of the metallization process was implemented, calculations of the metallization process of titanium-magnetite pellets obtained from the ores of the Kachkanar deposit in the Midrex mine furnace were performed. A comparison of the indicators of the metallization process of titanomagnetite pellets carried out in the shaft furnace of JSC “OEMK named after A.A. Ugarov” and obtained using the created software product showed satisfactory convergence of the results.
A study of conditions of surface defects formation when bar rolling at a bar and wire mill and methods of their elimination
Authors: Pankovets I. A. , Voznaya V. I. , Vedeneev A. V. , Vereshchagin M. N.
Published: October 2021

Quality of long products surface is an important consumer property of it. In the process of measures elaboration aimed at the increase of long products surface quality, in particular of bars produced at the mill 370/150 of ОJSC “BMZ – managing company of holding “BMK”, studies were accomplished by metallographic laboratory. It was established that defects being revealed at the bars finishing, don’t relate to the quality of continuously casted billet (CCB), but formed in the process of deformation. Studies of the mechanism of surface defects formation on hot-rolled bar of rolling origin – deformation fissure and wrinkles were carried out. Results of numerical simulation of rolling in roughing group of stands at various temperature-deformation parameters presented. Regularities of formation of surface defects on the bar in the finished product were revealed. It was shown that the reason of the surface defects of rolling origin – deformation fissure and wrinkles was a high temperature gradient between the core and the surface of billet, originated from local overheating of surface in the angles zone of CCB resulted in nonuniformity of drawing out of different layers of the billet being deformed. To eliminate the defects, minimum possible temperature gradient between the surface and the core of a billet by controlled rolls cooling should be provided. By calculation, the maximum permissible temperature of the working surface of the rolls of the rough group of stands was established, and empirically the actual temperatures of the rolls with the current production technology, as well as the temperature of the rolls support bearings seats of the rolls were measured. The technical and technological possibilities for improving of rolling technology on a bar and wire mill in order to improve the surface quality of rolled bars were demonstrated. The existing technology was adjusted and new technological modes of rolling with controlled cooling of the rolls were established, which made it possible to significantly reduce the rejection of the finished product due to defects in rolling production. A device was proposed for the roughing group of stands, which enables to minimize the ingress of coolant onto the bar rolled.
Increasing the service life of pellet car grate bars made of 40Х24Н12СЛ steel
Authors: Ivanov D. I. , Kozhukhov A. A.
Published: October 2021

Intercrystallite corrosion (ICC) is the main reason to decrease service life of pellet car grate bars made of steel 40Х24Н12СЛ. In the process of the study of microstructure of pellet car grate bars manufactured according to GOST 977–88, the structure defects were established that increase the tendency to ICC. To prevent the ICC of the bars, a mode of heat treatment was elaborated, consisting of two basic operations: air hardening with preliminary exposure within 80 minutes at the temperature 1100 °С, followed by tempering within 150 minutes at the temperature 900 °С. The study of the structure of the pilot grate bar showed that the selected mode of the hardening enables to dissolve the carbide network in the structure of the detail and crash large carbides, and the subsequent tempering contributes to the growth of the carbide phase in the entire volume of metal, partially remaining in the structure after hardening. It was shown that the proposed mode of the heat treatment contributes to bringing the structure of the metal to a more “equilibrium” state, which will allow to exclude the formation of large carbides and carbide network, growth and coagulation along the grain boundary. Results of tests of a pilot batch of grate bars installed at an industrial induration machine with a working area of 768 m2 and operating temperature of 20–1310°С presented. It was established that the elaborated technology ensures absence of casting defects in the grate bars – cracks and warping, inclination of the grate bars to ICC, increased by 23.13% heat resistance compared to the reference grate bars of foreign supply due to the globular form of carbide secretions with a minimum length of borders along which the metal matrix is depleted by chrome. Industrial testing of the grate bars manufactured under the experimental technology has proved the practical significance and applicability of the performed research.
Risk factors, immunological mechanisms and biological markers of severe COVID-19 course (study overview)
Authors:   Research Institute of Pulmonology of the Russian Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bilichenko T.N.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the conducted analysis of risk factors, immunological mechanisms and biological markers of the severe COVID-19 course. Official statistical data and scientific publications on the problem of assessing the risk of severe COVID-19 course were used in this analysis. It was found that elderly age, male gender, the presence of comorbidity (diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiency conditions) increase the risk of an adverse outcome in COVID-19. The following immunological mechanisms of the disease manifestation and prognostic significance of different biological markers were determined: elevated levels of SAA, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, IL-6, urea, creatinine, direct bilirubin, LDH, D-dimer and serum cholinesterase. Lymphopenia (abnormally low level of lymphocytes) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are the most common described prognostic markers in COVID-19. Thrombocytopenia and elevated D-dimer levels may indicate coagulopathies in patients with COVID-19 and predict morbidity and mortality even at the onset. Thus, the determination of risk factors and levels of inflammatory markers (commonly found in severe cases of COVID-19) should be used to choose the right treatment tactics to improve the clinical outcome. KEYWORDS: COVID-19, risk factors, immunological mechanisms, comorbidity, biological markers. FOR CITATION: Bilichenko T.N. Risk factors, immunological mechanisms and biological markers of severe COVID-19 course (study overview). Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):237–244 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-237-244.
Electrolyte deficiency after the novel coronavirus infection and post-COVID asthenia
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ebzeeva E.Yu. , Ostroumova O.D. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Krotkova I.F. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mironova E.V. ,   Central Clinical Hospital "RZD-Meditsina", Moscow, Russian Federation, Romanovskiy R.R. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Asthenia is a non-specific syndrome common in general practice and occurs in patients with acute and chronic somatic disorders, including infectious ones. The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is one of the leading causes of severe and persistent asthenia. The hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal axis is essential for the development of asthenia since its dysfunction provoked by various factors (including infections) results in electrolyte metabolism impairment with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. This paper describes a hypothetical pathogenic mechanism of asthenia after the COVID-19, which implies over-activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that, in particular, leads to hypokalemia. The role of pharmacotherapy prescribed for the COVID-19 is highlighted. Study results demonstrate a high rate of hypokalemia in patients with the COVID-19 and suggest a direct correlation between the severity of hypokalemia and the activity of viral infection. Furthermore, the detection of electrolyte abnormalities is essential in both acute infection and convalescence. Finally, the authors consider ways of relieving this pathological condition. KEYWORDS: novel coronavirus infection, COVID-19, post-infectious asthenia, angiotensin-converting enzyme, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia. FOR CITATION: Ebzeeva E.Yu., Ostroumova O.D., Krotkova I.F. et al. Electrolyte deficiency after the novel coronavirus infection and post- COVID asthenia. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):245–251 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-245-251.
Characteristics of complex therapy of immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases in COVID-19 pandemic conditions
Authors:   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Samigullina R.R. , Mazurov V.I. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Trofimov E.A. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The rapid spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) requires innovative solutions, including tactics optimization in using genetically engineered and targeted drugs in patients with immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (RD). The authors studied the characteristics of the complex therapy of immuno-inflammatory RD in the COVID-19 pandemic conditions, analyzed the COVID-19 course in patients with RD who received combined therapy with genetically engineered and basic synthetic anti-rheumatic drugs and were under follow-up from March 2020 to March 2021. The researchers found that synthetic basic (methotrexate, leflunomide, etc.), targeted synthetic (tofacitinib, baricitinib, apremilast) and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs used in the RD treatment, except high-dose glucocorticoids and anti-B cell drugs (rituximab), do not have a negative effect and are not associated with a severe COVID-19 course. The use of interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors is the standard pathogenetic therapy for cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19. Proactive therapy with IL-6 inhibitors provides inhibition of systemic inflammation and contributes to the suppression of cytokine storm syndrome, preventing the development of multiple organ failure and fatal outcome. KEYWORDS: rheumatic diseases, cytokine storm, multiple organ failure, genetically engineered biological drugs, interleukin-6, COVID-19. FOR CITATION: Samigullina R.R., Mazurov V.I., Trofimov E.A. Characteristics of complex therapy of immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases in COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):260–267 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021- 5-5-260-267.
Anticholinergic therapy of an overactive bladder: clinical practice aspects
Authors:   I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kuzmin I.V. , Kuzmina S.V. ,   I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Toksovskaya Interdistrict Hospital, Toksovo village, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The review presents data on the epidemiology, clinical course and modern methods to the treatment of overactive bladder. It also describes the pharmacological bases of anticholinergic drug use, which are first-line in the treatment of this disease. The pharmacological and clinical aspects of the new M-holinoblocker, fesoterodine, are considered. The drug belongs to the competitive blockers of M2-and M3-cholinergic receptors. The conducted studies have shown the high clinical efficacy of fesoterodine. Due to the low lipophilicity and large molecular weight, the drug’s ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier is minimal, which causes a low frequency of adverse events from the central nervous system. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of fesoterodine allow it to be prescribed to "vulnerable" groups of patients — the elderly, patients with CNS diseases and cognitive disorders. According to the FORTA system, fesoterodine is the only antimuscarinic drug classified in category B. The results of a multiple-criteria decision-making showed a favorable benefit-risk profile of fesoterodine, prescribed according to a flexible dosage regimen of 4 mg and 8 mg. Important benefits of fesoterodine are the convenience of intake, the possibility of dose titration, as well as the ratio of treatment costs and its efficacy. The practical issues of using fesoterodine in various clinical cases are considered. KEYWORDS: overactive bladder, anticholinergic therapy, fesoterodine, multiple-criteria decision-making, FORTA classification. FOR CITATION: Kuzmin I.V., Kuzmina S.V. Anticholinergic therapy of an overactive bladder: clinical practice aspects. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):273–279 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-273-279.
Methods for the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis (in aid of a practicing physician)
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Russian Federation, Kadyrova L.R. , Bashkova I.B. ,   Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Cheboksary, Russian Federation,   Federal Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Arthroplasty, Cheboksary, Russian Federation, Akarachkova E.S. ,   International Society "Stress under Control", Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Back pain is a common medical and social problem that requires a doctor of any speciality to conduct a careful differential diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Commonly, both the doctor and the patient underestimate the importance of metabolic bone diseases in the development of acute and chronic pain. The article presents a clinical case of primary (postmenopausal) osteoporosis in a 66-year-old patient, female, with a clinically manifest form of generalized osteoarthritis. A detailed analysis of the algorithm of standard and additional diagnostic manipulations was conducted, indications for the prescription and treatment tactics concerning a drug for pathogenetic therapy were considered. The presence of the metabolic bone disease was suspected by back pain in an elderly female patient who had an onset at a late age (older than 50 years), and a decrease in height by more than 4 cm compared to the height at 25 years. The diagnosis was made clinically on the basis of X-ray data (vertebral compression fracture) and confirmed by the laboratory tests results. The risk of fracture was taken into account during treatment tactics determination. In particular, it was regarded as high in the presented case. KEYWORDS: osteoarthritis, back pain, osteoporosis, low-energy fracture, antiresorptive therapy, bisphosphonate. FOR CITATION: Kadyrova L.R., Bashkova I.B., Akarachkova E.S. Methods for the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis (in aid of a practicing physician). Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):288–293 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-288-293.
Possibilities of pain syndrome therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors:   International University of Rehabilitation Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shavlovskaya O.A. , Bokova I.A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Shavlovsky N.I. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Yukhnovskaya Yu.D. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The prevalence of lower back pain (LBP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is almost 2 times higher than in the similar control group (by age and gender). The association of DM2 with the severity, chronicity and recurrence of LBP was revealed. DM2 duration correlates with the severity and prevalence of degenerative-dystrophic changes. The representation of concomitant somatic pathology in patients with DM2 is significantly higher than in patients without DM2. Rational selection of the therapy regimen for LBP should be based on comorbid pathology. The molecular mechanisms of synergism of muscle relaxant (tolperizone), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (meloxicam), and B vitamins as part of complex pharmacotherapy of pain were analyzed. This treatment regimen has a number of benefits: lack of dependence, anti-inflammatory effect, neuroprotective and remyelinating effect, reduction of muscular hypertonus. A number of studies have shown the efficacy of such combination therapy in patients of different age groups with comorbid conditions. It does not require an increase in NSAID doses and significantly reduces the risk of adverse events (AE). The applied treatment regimen is a combination of a muscle relaxant (tolperizone), NSAID (meloxicam) and a complex of B vitamins has already demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of LBP in patients with comorbid diseases, according to the effect on the inflammatory process indicators (in the absence of AE). KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, lower back pain, body mass index, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, meloxicam, muscle relaxants, tolperizone, B vitamins. FOR CITATION: Shavlovskaya O.A., Bokova I.A., Shavlovsky N.I., Yukhnovskaya Yu.D. Possibilities of pain syndrome therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):307–315 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-307-315.
Digital addiction in children and adolescents. Modern diagnostics and treatment tactics
Authors:   Research and Practical Center for Study and Expertise, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pekonidi A.V.
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, there is a need for consensus on diagnostic criteria, measures to improve the reliability of researches and the development of effective and efficient treatment methods, despite the significant amount of researches conducted on digital addiction (both Internet and gadget addiction). At the present stage, it is advisable and possible to find a common approach that is relevant for providing preventive and medical care to children and adolescents with digital addiction. This review of recent scientific articles systematizes modern treatment tactics for the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of these conditions, primarily in children and adolescents, which can be summarized as follows: digital addiction is a behavioral addiction (1), the diagnosis of which requires a multimodal/integrated approach (2), which consists of preventive measures in childhood and adolescence ("digital hygiene") (3), psychotherapy of behavioral addiction, behavior disorders, social maladaptation and neurotic disorders (4), and psychopharmacotherapy of the existing depressive and neurotic spectrum (in particular, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, clomipramine) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (methylphenidate, atomoxetine) (5). KEYWORDS: digital addiction, Internet addiction, gadget addiction, behavioral addiction, psychotherapy, digital hygiene, psychiatry, children and adolescents. FOR CITATION: Pekonidi A.V. Digital addiction in children and adolescents. Modern diagnostics and treatment tactics. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):322–329 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-322-329.
Comprehensive treatment method for children with allergic rhinitis
Authors:   Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Asmanov A.I. , Konyukova N.G. ,   Center of Medical Prevention of Department of Health of Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pivneva N.D. ,   Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Grebennikova Yu.V. ,   Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pampura A.N. ,   Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common childhood disease. At the same time, there is an underdiagnosis of this condition in the clinical practice and its significant impact on the life quality of the patient and his family. The article describes a modern stepwise approach in complex AR therapy in children. This approach involves the choice of drug therapy in accordance with the disease course. In this case, it is necessary, in particular, to take into account the clinically significant sensitization profile, the presence of concomitant allergic and non-allergic pathology, the patterns of the expected exposure of relevant allergens, the disease course severity, the patient’s age, response to therapy, etc. The current problems of conservative treatment are discussed. Information on the pharmacological drug groups for the AR treatment is presented: H1-antagonists, antileukotriene drugs, intranasal glucocorticosteroids. The main effects and the most common adverse events of their usage are considered. Practical issues of AR treatment tactics, relevant for pediatricians, allergists and otorhinolaryngologists, are highlighted. The prescription of drug combinations of different groups is substantiated, providing a simultaneous effect on different links of the pathogenetic process. The importance of elimination measures and allergen-specific immunotherapy is noted. KEYWORDS: allergic rhinitis, sensitization, H1-antagonists, leukotriene receptor antagonists, glucocorticosteroids, children. FOR CITATION: Asmanov A.I., Konyukova N.G., Pivneva N.D. et al. Comprehensive treatment method for children with allergic rhinitis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(5):348–352 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-5-348-352.
Eating habits in overweight and obese people in the gender aspect according to the epidemiological study ESSE-RF2
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russian Federation, Viktorova I.A. , Moiseeva M.V. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russian Federation, Stasenko V.L. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russian Federation, Shirlina N.G. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Aim: to compare the eating habits in groups of subjects with normal body weight (BMI less than 25 kg/m2), overweight and obesity (BMI 25 kg/m2 or more) in the gender aspect of the population in Omsk region according to the epidemiological study ESSE-RF2. Patients and Methods: within the framework of the Russian multicenter study ESSE-RF2, the eating habits were assessed by a questionnaire method using the example of consumption of food products in 21 groups, based on the representative sample of the Omsk region population aged 25 to 64 years (n=1648). The comparison of eating habits in two groups of the surveyed was conducted: BMI<25 kg/m2 (n=572) and BMI≥25 kg/m2 (n=1076), as well as in the gender aspect. Results: the daily consumption of vegetables and fruits in the diet of Omsk residents is insufficient and practically does not differ in both groups. Omsk residents are less likely than Russians in general to consume meat daily, and women with a BMI≥25 kg/m2 tend to limit their daily consumption (p=0.063). Omsk residents do not consume enough fish, regardless of body weight, both men and women. In the daily diet of Omsk residents, poultry prevails, regardless of body weight, in comparison with the average Russian indicators. The daily consumption of milk is approximately the same in both groups, but kefir and yogurt are consumed daily and weekly more commonly in the group with BMI≥25 kg/m2 (55.5% vs. 50.2%, p=0.033). Omsk residents with BMI≥25 kg/m2 are less likely to add yogurt into their daily diet (p=0.0001), mainly due to women with the same BMI (p=0.0001), who commonly refuse it. The same category of patients restricts the consumption of pasta (p=0.004), in particular, due to men (p=0.004): more commonly restricts the excessive consumption of sweets and pastry (p=0.007), and due to women (p=0.002): more commonly adds salt to food without first trying it. Conclusion: the presence of overweight and obesity has somewhat changed the eating habits of Omsk residents in a positive direction — there was a restriction in the diet of pasta, pastry and sweets. However, in general, the imbalance in food consumption and salting food without first trying is obvious, which requires targeted preventive work taking into account the identified gender food priorities in the presence and absence of overweight and obesity. KEYWORDS: eating habits of the adult population, overweight, obesity, irrational nutrition, ESSE-RF2. FOR CITATION: Viktorova I.A., Moiseeva M.V., Stasenko V.L., Shirlina N.G. Eating habits in overweight and obese people in the gender aspect according to the epidemiological study ESSE-RF2. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(6):358–365 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587- 6821-2021-5-6-358-365.
Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Krasner Ya.A. , Osipenko M.F. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Bikbulatova E.A. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Kholin S.I. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Background: to date, the question of possible association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being considered. This association may be due to common risk factors for these two conditions, for example, obesity. However, several study results suggest the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and GERD. Of great interest is the study of these syndromes association in a group of patients with diseases accompanied by a systemic inflammatory process. Aim: study of the association of NAFLD and GERD in a group of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) without obesity and other metabolic risk factors. Patients and Methods: the study involved 58 patients with a diagnosis of IBD. The study did not include patients with overweight, obesity and other metabolic risk factors. The presence of GERD was assessed based on survey data, the GERD-Q questionnaire and the results of an endoscopy. Results and Discussion: the presence of GERD was associated with the presence of NAFLD in the studied group of patients (odds ratio (OR)=5.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46–18.28). There were no statistically significant differences in body mass index (BMI) between the groups of patients with NAFLD and without NAFLD (21.05 kg/m2 vs. 20.04 kg/m2, respectively, p=0.419). There was no statistically significant association of NAFLD with the use of systemic glucocorticosteroids in the anamnesis (OR=1.11; 95% CI 0.3–4.05), the presence of episodes of weight loss in the anamnesis (OR=0.48; 95% CI 0.11–2.11). Conclusion: in patients with IBD, NAFLD is associated with the presence of GERD, regardless of BMI, the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, as well as a history of weight loss episodes. KEYWORDS: gastroesophageal reflux disease, fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel diseases. FOR CITATION: Krasner Ya.A., Osipenko M.F., Bikbulatova E.A., Kholin S.I. Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(6):373–376 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-6-373-376.