bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customizing planetary gear trains for human limb assistance and replication
Authors: Lopez Garcia Pablo , Crispel Stein , Verstraten Tom , Saerens Elias , Vanderborght Bram , Lefeber Dirk
Published: August 2019

Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) devices are becoming increasingly customary to assist humans, both in industrial and clinical environments. Traditional robotic gearbox technologies, like cycloid reducers or Harmonic Drives ©, perform well to solve the need for extreme precision and high speed of industrial robots, but when used in HRI devices they are usually forced above their limits, ultimately restraining the performance and the widespread use of such devices. A closer analysis of the specific needs behind the actuation for human limb assistance and replication highlights the differences with traditional robotic applications. Matching those needs with the main characteristics of different robotic gearboxes displays the limitations of traditional robotic transmissions, but it also unveils the potential of a virtually unexploited kind of planetary gear trains. This paper presents the prototype and associated first test results of the Wolfrom alpha-I concept. This novel concept demonstrates the application potential of Wolfrom-based planetary gear trains in HRI actuation.
The use of pneumatic cylinders with return springs when creating mechanical drives with recuperative energy
Authors: Chuanchao Yan , Wen Zhao
Published: August 2019

The use of pneumatic cylinders with return springs in mechanical drives with reusable energy for reusable and continuum movements, fixing the output link in the extreme positions are considered. A defined range of work operations can be used by these cylinders. The use of pneumatic actuators with return springs in mechanical drives based on linear spring batteries with two springs is proposed. Algorithms for compensating dissipative losses in mechanical spring drives are considered. The maximum mass values that can be moved by such mechanical drives for each size of the pneumatic cylinder are determined. It is proposed to use pneumatic cylinders with return springs in mechanical drives with energy recovery based on nonlinear spring batteries. A mechanical spring drive for unwinding rolls of packaging materials with discrete modes. In tasks of reciprocating movement of objects with a controlled stand in extreme positions, the reduction of energy costs is achieved when using mechanical spring drives with energy recovery. Energy costs can be reduced several times. Traditionally, a spring-loaded drive contains a linear or non-linear spring-loaded battery, a control system, controlled clips and a motor to compensate for dissipative losses. The use of electric motors to compensate for dissipative losses is also limited by low speed, as compensation for dissipative losses occurs throughout the displacement and with high speed increases engine power and requires transmission with a large gear ratio.
Microstructure evolution of the Gleeble-simulated heat-affected zone of Ni-based superalloy
Authors: Rakoczy Łukasz , Hanning Fabian , Andersson Joel , Grudzień-Rakoczy Małgorzata , Cygan Rafał , Zielińska-Lipiec Anna
Published: August 2019

The formation of liquation cracking in a simulated heat affected zone of René108 is reported. The stress controlled thermo-mechanical experiments were carried out on a Gleeble®3800 testing system. The base alloy was lost-wax cast and then solution treated and aged. Light and scanning electron microscopy of this material revealed high volume fraction of γ' precipitates in the dendrite arms and residual eutectic γ/γ' islands in the interdendritic areas. As a result of short-term exposure to high homologous temperature, the volume fraction of γ' phase was significantly decreased due to the dissolution of precipitates in the surrounding matrix. The thin non-equilibrium liquid film, formed locally along grain boundaries, was a key-factor favoring initiation of cracks and their spreading during the Gleeble testing. The liquid appeared as a result of constitutional liquation, mainly of the γ' precipitates.
Effect of applied chemical heat treatment on the structure and properties of low-alloy Cr-containing iron powders
Authors: Mincheva Desislava , Petrov Plamen
Published: August 2019

The article presents experimental results on the application of thermal oxidation or low temperature gas nitrocarburizing (LTGNC) of Ecosint powders sintered under industrial conditions. Surface hardness HRB and microhardness (HV0.1) were studied. A structural analysis was carried out and the corrosion resistance of the alloys was investigated. Conclusions were made on chemical heat treatment performed on structure and mechanical properties of the investigated alloys.
Methods for preparation of corroded steel specimens for
mechanical testing
Authors: Nikolov Nikolay , Marcheva Yordanka , Tsonev Veselin
Published: August 2019

Steel parts and structures are often used in an aggressive environment, which causes corrosion. Corrosion leads to deterioration of the mechanical properties of steel in two ways. First, it reduces the area of the carrying cross sections. Second, it increases surface defects, which are stress concentrators. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of corrosion on the mechanical properties of steel. The paper reviews the methods for causing corrosion of steel specimens for mechanical testing. The impact that the corrosion method and the degree of corrosion have on the mechanical properties of steel is also discussed.
Whole outline scanning measurement of internal gear by using CNC gear measuring machine
Authors: Kurokawa Syuhei , Utsunomiya Yuuki , Hayashi Terutake , Taguchi Tetsuya , Matsuoka Ryota
Published: August 2019

A three-dimensional probe is mounted on a specialized gear measuring machine whose measurement target is limited on the working flanks. The newly developed measuring machine has a coordinate measuring mechanism, aiming to be a highly versatile and relatively inexpensive measuring machine. According to our previous research, in addition to the working tooth surface, shape data of the root, bottom and tip profiles can be acquired with a single measurement operation. However, the target object for which this developed method has been applied was only the external cylindrical gear. In this paper, we applied and expanded the development method to the internal cylindrical gear and the evaluation of the axial displacement in the same cross-sectional scanning of the internal helical gear are performed.
Research on the Impediment to Vibration Wave Propagation of Pipe from a vibration isolation mass
Authors: Yufeng Gong , Weicai Peng , Junjie Zhang , Zhizhong Liu
Published: August 2019

In order to control the pipe vibration, the performance of flexible connection with vibration isolation mass in impeding vibration wave propagation is studied. Based on the principle of impedance mismatching and numerical analysis method, the influences of vibration isolation mass and rotational inertia on the vibration wave propagation in pipe were discussed. The results show that the isolation mass is good at reducing the vibration of wave transmission in intermediate and high frequency domain. Meanwhile, The larger rotational inertia of the isolation mass, the better the damping effect. A useful reference was provided for the application of flexible connection to the vibration isolation and noise reduction of ship pipe.
Structural Design and Performance Analysis of α Particle Micro-thruster
Authors: Xu Fei , Xia Yan , He Shiyi , Xiao Wenlei , Ouyang Xiaoping , Liu Guoqing
Published: August 2019

The α particle propelling is a technology under developing by the author’s research group, which uses α decay isotopes emitting high-speed particles to generate thrust. In this paper we mainly designed the thrust magnitude control and vector control structure suitable for this propelling principle and preliminarily analyzed its control performance. The proposed structure mounts the trust film composed of the decay nuclides onto a quasi-spherical frame surface that is conducive to vector synthesis. The traveling wave type ultrasonic motor drives the diaphragm to control the thrust magnitude of each thrust unit independently and efficiently. The vector control of the joint thrust is implemented by taking advantage of the diversity of combination of multiple thrust units. Theoretical calculation and analysis showed that the thruster structure could achieve the thrust magnitude control accuracy of 0.05µN, and the thrust angle control accuracy of 0.5-1.5 degrees.
Research on risk control method of Spacecraft AIT process based on PFTA
Authors: Yi ZHAI , Gang SUN , Bin Li , Kaimin ZHU , Qiang Wang
Published: August 2019

In this article, the Process Fault Tree Analysis (PFTA) method is researched, which is about to the risk management of spacecraft Assembly Integration and Test (AIT) process. The method of how to identify the top event and bottom event of Spacecraft AIT process risk and the method of how to assess the risk severity of the bottom event is introduced. The model of risk control matrix is established. From the responsibilities, tools, methods, monitor and other dimensions about the post roles involved of the AIT process, how to establish a risk management system based on the identification, assessment, analysis and control of the whole AIT process is researched. In this risk management system, through technology subject, quantitative topic, process improve, Quality Control (QC) subjects, implementation of product assurance elements, writing Standard Operating procedure (SOP), maintaining system documents, combing knowledge and operation taboo items and other method is used.
Study on structure stability based on image quality guarantee for GEO high resolution optical imaging satellite
Authors: Hua ZHAO , YunPeng ZHAO , ChengLun WANG , ZheYu WANG , Hua YANG
Published: August 2019

By contrast to one on low earth orbit(LEO),high spatial resolution optical imaging earth observation satellite on geostationary orbit has some remarkable advantages with much higher time resolution,more wider imaging field、much longer target tracking and monitoring time,and now is becoming one of important development foucs. Corresspondently GEO optical imaging satellite has much higher control accuracy requirement with stability than LEO, greatly promote development difficulties.The paper makes dicussion for key structure influence factors on attitude & structure stability for image quality guarantee under complex space circumstance and conducts stimulation to account for the their effect,finally present some solution options.
Study on Three-Dimensional Inner Flow Field Characteristics and Performance of Scramjet
Authors: Gao Feng , Zhao Jie , Zhang Cheng Tao
Published: August 2019

The three-dimensional characteristics and performance of the flow field in the inlet of the scramjet engine were numerically simulated by CFD software. The flow characteristics in the width direction of the inlet and the influence of the aspect ratio on the performance of the inlet were studied. The calculation results show that the inlet flow has obvious three-dimensional characteristics, and the flow field structure is different in the width direction from the middle symmetrical section to the side wall surface, the Mach number is smaller and smaller, the static pressure is lower and lower, and the static temperature is higher, the greater the total pressure. The aspect ratio has little effect on the Mach number and static temperature of the outlet section of the inlet, but it has a great influence on the static pressure and total pressure. Within a reasonable range, the aspect ratio is doubled, the static pressure is increased by about 40%, and the total pressure is increased by about 84%. The inlet flow coefficient and the total pressure recovery coefficient increase as the aspect ratio increases. Within a reasonable range, the aspect ratio is doubled, the inlet flow coefficient is increased by approximately 53%, and the total pressure recovery coefficient is increased by approximately 83%.
Membrane-Bound Transcription Factor Site-1 Protease in PF429242 Bound State: Computational Kinetics and Dynamics of Reversible Binding
Authors: Olaposi Omotuyi I. , Oyekanmi Nash , Ojo Ayodeji A. , Eniafe Gabriel O.
Published: August 2019

Membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease (S1P) is an emerging clinical target due to its roles in lipogenesis, lysosomal biogenesis, unfolded protein response and viral glycoprotein processing. In this study, homology model of S1P was created in order to understand the structural basis for S1P inhibition by PF429242 using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and in silico kinetics studies. PF429242 was docked (GlideScorePF429242=−5.20 kcal/mol) into the catalytic triad (D218, H249 and S414) and validated (R2=0.5686). The reversible binding kinetic parameter (Koff/Kon) was estimated at=7.28E-03 M with fully bound and apo-states interspersed by 3 transient ligand-bound states with unique binding signatures; water plays a major role in PF429242 dissociation from the catalytic site. Communication between key catalytic triad residues is altered in the presence of PF429242. In apo-S1P state, S414–S307/V216-D218 is the preferred route but in PF429242-bound state, S414-S417/V216-D218 is preferred. Communication between S414 and H249 is also shortened in PF429242 bound state; here, only L410 is required unlike apo-state, which requires P418, V256 and F252. Ligand binding did not alter the communication route between S414 and H249 as both recruited D244 and G220. In conclusion, PF429242 binds tightly but reversible to S1P and the details of this interaction has been presented to guide future efforts at developing novel inhibitors. Site-1-protease; PF429242; Kon/Koff; Network analysis
Interdisziplinäre Plastische Chirurgie – Chancen,
Voraussetzungen und Hemmnisse der Rekonstruktiven Mikrochirurgie an Kliniken der
Maximalversorgung
Authors: Ehrl Denis , Giunta Riccardo
Published: August 2019

Hintergrund Für eine zeitgemäße sowie bestmögliche interdisziplinäre
Behandlung von komplexen Weichteildefekten nach ausgedehnten Traumata,
tiefgreifenden Infektionen sowie Tumorentfernungen ist eine eigenständige
Infrastruktur für Plastische Chirurgie heutzutage essentiell. Diese Arbeit soll
den Stellenwert der rekonstruktiven Mikrochirurgie an einem Universitätsklinikum
in der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit aufzeigen.

Methoden 2018 wurden bei 47 Patienten an einem Standort 50 freie
mikrochirurgische Defektrekonstruktionen durchgeführt. Die Daten der Patienten
wurden retrospektiv nach Demographie, Komorbiditäten, perioperativen und
postoperativen Details, interdisziplinärer Zusammenhang, Hospitalisierung,
Komplikationen sowie Endergebnissen untersucht.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 50 freie Lappenplastiken nach komplexen Traumata
(23,4 %), Infektionen (25,5 %), Tumorresektionen (42,6 %), pAVK (4,2 %) sowie
sekundären Lymphödemen (4,2 %) durchgeführt. Bei 76,6 % der Patienten erfolgte
eine mikrochirurgische Defektdeckung in der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit,
bei denen in 89,2 % mindestens zwei verschiedene operative Fachbereiche
beteiligt waren. 43,2 % der Lappenplastiken wurden postoperativ auf einer nicht
plastisch-chirurgischen Station betreut.

Schlussfolgerung Die rekonstruktive Plastische Chirurgie hat einen
zentralen Stellenwert in der Behandlung von komplexen chirurgischen
Defektrekonstruktionen. Zusätzlich leistet sie einen großen Beitrag in der
Behandlung von Komplikationen anderer Fachgebiete. Aufwändige mikrochirurgische
Verfahren benötigen eine entsprechende Infrastruktur und strukturelle
Unabhängigkeit. Aus diesem Grunde sollte an allen Kliniken der Maximalversorgung
eine eigenständige sowie entsprechend personell besetzte Plastische Chirurgie
vorhanden sein. Dies ist bedauerlicherweise auch 25 Jahre nach Einführung des
Fachgebiets Plastische Chirurgie in Deutschland immer noch nicht der Fall und
bedarf einer Änderung.
Obstruktives Defäkationssyndrom: Ätiologie, Diagnostik und Therapieoptionen
Authors: Schwandner Oliver
Published: August 2019

Das obstruktive Defäkationssyndrom (ODS) ist durch eine Stuhlentleerungsstörung charakterisiert, wobei morphologische von funktionellen Störungen differenziert werden können. Die Differenzialdiagnostik zum Reizdarmsyndrom und zur chronischen Obstipation ist nicht selten schwierig. Bei den meist weiblichen Patienten sind die rektale Intussuszeption und die ventrale Rektozele häufige morphologische Befunde. Neben Anamnese und proktologischer Basisdiagnostik kommt der MR-Defäkografie eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Aufgrund des benignen Leidens sollte primär eine konservative Therapie erfolgen. Erst nach frustraner konservativer Therapie sollte bei Nachweis einer morphologischen Pathologie die Indikation zur chirurgischen Therapie erörtert werden, wobei transabdominelle (z. B. Resektionsrektopexie, Rektopexie) mit transanalen Verfahren (z. B. STARR-Operation) konkurrieren. Die adäquate Therapie bleibt wegen der multifaktoriellen Ätiologie und der vielfältigen klinischen Ausprägungsformen generell eine Herausforderung – dies gilt für konservative Therapieoptionen in gleicher Weise wie für chirurgische Therapiekonzepte.
Veränderungen des Stationsklimas und der Arbeitszufriedenheit nach Einführung des Safewards-Modells auf zwei geschützten akutpsychiatrischen Stationen – Eine multiperspektivische Evaluation
Authors: Jäckel Dorothea , Baumgardt Johanna , Helber-Böhlen Heike , Stiehm Nicole , Morgenstern Karin , Voigt Andre , Mc Cutcheon Ann-Kathrin , Schöppe Enrico , Velasquez Lecca Edwin Emilio , Löhr Michael , Schulz Michael , Bechdolf Andreas , Weinmann Stefan
Published: August 2019

Ziel der Studie Evaluation und Implementierung des Safewards-Modells in der Akutpsychiatrie.

Methode Prä-Post-Befragung auf 2 geschützten Stationen von Patienten (n = 80) und Mitarbeitern (n = 88).

Ergebnisse Nach der Implementierung wurden das Stationsklima und die Arbeitszufriedenheit günstiger eingeschätzt. Zudem zeigten sich positive Korrelationen zwischen der Arbeitszufriedenheit und dem Stationsklima bzw. dem Umsetzungsgrad einzelner Interventionen.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Implementierung des Safewards-Modells in der Akutpsychiatrie kann sich sowohl auf das Stationsklima als auch auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit positiv auswirken.
Single Centre Experience in Patients with Primary
Hyperparathyroidism: Sporadic, Lithium-associated and in Multiple Endocrine
Neoplasia
Authors: Dillenberger Sabine , Bartsch Detlef K. , Maurer Elisabeth , Kann Peter Herbert
Published: August 2019

Purpose It is assumed that primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) in
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) and lithium-associated pHPT (LIHPT) are
associated with multiple gland disease (MGD), persistence and recurrence.
The studies purpose was to determine frequencies, clinical presentation and
outcome of sporadic pHPT (spHPT), LIHPT and pHPT in MEN. Additional main
outcome measures were the rates of MGD and
persistence/recurrence.

Methods Retrospective analysis of medical records of 682 patients
with pHPT who had attended the University Hospital of Marburg between
01–01–2004 and 30–06–2013. All patients were
sent a questionnaire asking about their history of lithium medication.

Results Out of 682 patients, 557 underwent primary surgery (532
spHPT, 5 LIHPT, 20 MEN), 38 redo-surgery (31 spHPT, 7 MEN), 55 were in
follow-up due to previous surgery (16 spHPT, 1 LIHPT, 38 MEN) and 37 were
not operated (33 spHPT, 1 LIHPT, 3 MEN). Primary surgeries were successful
in 97.4%, revealed singular adenomas in 92.4%, double
adenomas in 2.9% and MGD in 3.4% of the cases. Rates of MGD
in MEN1 (82.35%) were significantly higher than in spHPT
(3.8%), while there was no significant difference between LIHPT
(20%) and spHPT. Rates of persistence/recurrence did not
significantly differ due to type of surgery (bilateral/unilateral)
or type of HPT (spHPT/LIHPT/MEN).

Conclusions History of lithium medication is rare among pHPT
patients. While MGD is common in MEN1, rates of MGD, persistence or
recurrence in LIHPT were not significantly higher than in spHPT.
Ernährungsbezogene Gruppenangebote in der medizinischen
Rehabilitation: Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Befragung
Authors: Meng Karin , Klemmt Malte , Toellner Christian , Reusch Andrea
Published: August 2019

Ziel der Studie Die ernährungsbezogenen Gruppenangebote in der
medizinischen Rehabilitation werden strukturell, inhaltlich und methodisch
beschrieben und der diesbezügliche Weiterentwicklungs-und Fortbildungsbedarf
der Ernährungsteams erfasst.

Methodik Bundesweit wurden 546 stationäre Reha-Einrichtungen
mit (psycho-)somatischen Indikationen schriftlich befragt. Der
Rücklauf umfasst 192 Einrichtungen mit 202
Ernährungsteams.

Ergebnisse In 89% der Einrichtungen versorgt ein
ernährungstherapeutisches Team alle Rehabilitanden aus
durchschnittlich 3,4 Indikationsgruppen (SD=2,4). Pro Team bestehen
Gruppenangebote aus M=4,9 Leistungseinheiten (SD=1,6). Die
Gruppenangebote (n=998; Ernährungsberatungsgruppe, Seminar,
Vortrag, Schulungseinheit) sind zu 56%
indikationsübergreifend. 73% umfassen eine Einheit, die
Dauer beträgt meist bis zu 60 Min (93%). 76%
der Angebote haben eine Teilnehmerzahl von ≤ 15. Ein Manual liegt
für 93% der Angebote zumindest teilweise vor.
Durchschnittlich werden 5,8 Inhaltsbereiche (SD=1,5), 1,9 Methoden
(SD=0,8) und 1,9 Materialien (SD=0,9) genannt. Es bestehen
teilweise angebotsspezifische Unterschiede. Für die
Gruppengröße und die Anzahl der Einheiten liegen kleine bis
mittlere signifikante Zusammenhänge mit den didaktischen Methoden
und Materialien vor. In Gruppen mit>15 Rehabilitanden bzw. mit einer
Einheit werden häufiger Vorträge, in kleineren Gruppen bzw.
Gruppen mit mehreren Einheiten häufiger interaktive Methoden und
Materialien eingesetzt. Für eine Weiterentwicklung werden flexibel
kombinierbare Seminarbausteine hilfreicher bewertet als vollständig
ausgearbeitete Konzepte. Inhaltlich werden Konzepte zur Motivierung und
Unterstützung des Alltagstransfers sowie mit Bezug zu verschiedenen
Lebenslagen als sehr hilfreich eingestuft. Das Fortbildungsinteresse ist
hoch (M=8,5; SD=2,2; max.=10), dabei wird ein
Präsenzseminar präferiert. Hinsichtlich der
Fortbildungsinhalte besteht das stärkste Interesse an Strategien zur
Motivierung, zur Förderung des Alltagstransfers sowie zum Umgang mit
schwierigen Gruppensituationen.

Schlussfolgerung In der Praxis besteht eine Vielzahl an
ernährungsbezogenen Gruppenangeboten, deren Anzahl und
Zusammenstellung zwischen den Teams variiert. Zur Optimierung der Versorgung
erscheinen daher flexible, für verschiedene Angebote einsetzbare
Bausteine sowie Fortbildungen sinnvoll, die v. a. auch die Themen
Motivierung und Alltagstransfer aufgreifen.
Behandlungspräferenzen depressiver Allgemeinarztpatienten
Authors: Backhaus Lara , Pabst Alexander , Löbner Margit , Riedel-Heller Steffi , Luppa Melanie
Published: August 2019

Anliegen Untersuchung der Behandlungspräferenzen depressiver Patienten mit einem lebensnahen Priorisierungsansatz (ranking approach).

Methoden 641 leicht oder mittelgradig depressive Allgemeinarztpatienten mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 43,9 Jahren priorisierten 1 von 9 Behandlungsoptionen.

Ergebnisse Die am häufigsten priorisierten Behandlungsoptionen waren Psychotherapie (30 %), Kombinationsbehandlung aus Psychotherapie und Medikation (18,4 %) und alleinige medikamentöse Behandlung (15,4 %). 12,3 % der Frauen präferierten alternative Therapieangebote wie z. B. Heilpraktiker.

Schlussfolgerung Der Einbezug von Patientenpräferenzen entspricht leitliniengerechtem Vorgehen. Die Vermittlung von Wissen zur Rolle von alternativen Therapien im Rahmen eine Depressionsbehandlung erscheint notwendig.
Die deutsche Version von DIALOG+ bei PatientInnen mit Psychose – eine Pilotstudie
Authors: Fichtenbauer Isabelle , Priebe Stefan , Schrank Beate
Published: August 2019

Anliegen Ziel der Pilotstudie war es, erstmals eine deutschsprachige Version von DIALOG+ bei PsychosepatientInnen anzuwenden und zu evaluieren.

Methodik DIALOG+ wurde mit 10 Personen in jeweils 5 Sitzungen über 8 Wochen angewendet. DIALOG+ ist eine kurze, von einem App unterstützte Intervention, die Routinetreffen zwischen PatientIn und BehandlerIn strukturiert und PatientInnen hilft, persönliche Ziele zu definieren und zu erreichen. Zur Evaluation wurden Symptome, Alltagsbeeinträchtigung und subjektive Lebensqualität vor und nach der Behandlung verglichen.

Ergebnisse Die Adhärenz war mit insgesamt 49 von 50 geplanten Sitzungen hoch. Schizophreniesymptome (d = 0,88), depressive Symptomatik (d = 0,85), Alltagsbeeinträchtigung (d = 0,83) und subjektive Lebensqualität (d = 0,12) verbesserten sich signifikant.

Schlussfolgerung DIALOG+ bietet auch im deutschen Sprachraum einen praktikablen und vielversprechenden Ansatz, um Routinetreffen therapeutisch effektiv zu gestalten.
Operative Verfahrenswahl beim fortgeschrittenen Hämorrhoidalleiden – worauf kommt es an?
Authors: Kahlke Volker , Laubert Tilman , Jongen Johannes HPM
Published: August 2019

Das Hämorrhoidalleiden betrifft ca. 2 – 3 Mio. Patienten pro Jahr in Deutschland. Als fortgeschrittenes Hämorrhoidalleiden werden die Hämorrhoiden angenommen, die operiert werden sollten. In Deutschland erfolgen ca.50 000 Operationen/Jahr aufgrund von Hämorrhoiden. Die passgenaue Operation für den einzelnen Patienten erfolgt nach eingehender proktologischer Untersuchung, hierfür stehen einige z. T. sehr unterschiedliche Techniken zur Verfügung. Es werden die verschiedenen Verfahren dargestellt und wo sinnvoll schematisch erläutert, um diese anschließend kritisch zu diskutieren. Auch sollen die individuellen Gegebenheiten des einzelnen Patienten wie z. B. eine Antikoagulation beleuchtet werden und in Zeiten der aufkommenden Nachwuchssorgen auch ein Blick auf die Ausbildung dieser Eingriffe geworfen werden.
Clinical Predictors of the Need for Further Treatment Escalation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Basal Insulin Therapy – A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Buchholz Christina , Kahle-Stephan Melanie , Meier Juris J. , Nauck Michael A.
Published: August 2019

Background/Aims The aim of this study was to identify clinical characteristics that distinguish patients who achieve sufficient glycaemic control with basal insulin and oral glucose-lowering medications from those who need treatment intensification.

Patients/Methods 213 out of 1 042 consecutively hospitalized type 2-diabetic patients were treated with basal insulin/oral agents. After titration to fasting glucose target, in 156 patients (73.2%) continuation of basal insulin treatment was recommended, while in 57 (26.8%), intensification of treatment was necessary. We compared patients’ characteristics and plasma glucose profiles between these groups.

Results Patients needing intensified regimens (basal-bolus regimes, premixed insulin ;GLP-1 receptor agonists) had higher initial HbA1c values (87±17 mmol/mol [10.1±1.7%] vs. 80±19 mmol/mol [9.5±1.9%], p=0.028), were more likely to be female (49.1 vs. 25.0%, p=0.0014) and more obese, and required higher basal insulin doses (62±40 vs. 39±27 IU/d, p<0.0001). In both patient groups, basal insulin reduced fasting plasma glucose into the target range (6.6±1.3 vs. 5.7±0.8 mmol/l), however, in those needing treatment intensification, post-breakfast plasma glucose remained substantially higher after basal insulin titration (12.6±2.0 vs.9.4±1.6 mmol/l, p<0.0001). Before hospital discharge, similar plasma glucose profiles were reached in both groups.

Conclusions Basal insulin therapy can provide satisfactory glucose control in more than 70% of patients with type 2 diabetes. Long diabetes duration, obesity, insulin resistance and female sex indicate a need for further treatment intensification.
Canine Femoral Neck Lengthening Combined with DARthroplasty to Manage Severe Canine Juvenile Hip Dysplasia: A Case Report
Authors: Petazzoni Massimo , Dallago Melania
Published: August 2019

Objective This study is a case description of femoral neck lengthening and dorsal acetabular rim (DAR) arthroplasty to treat severe hip luxation in a 5-month-old male Cocker Spaniel (14.3 kg) and to compare the clinical outcome with that of contralateral femoral neck excision.

Study design Case report.

Results Femoral head coverage improved after surgery (preoperative lateralization of the centre of the femoral head with regard to the dorsolateral acetabular rim: 10 mm; postoperative lateralization of the centre of the femoral head: –1.3 mm). The postoperative Barden's test was negative. The dog was bearing weight 2 weeks postoperatively. Radiographic signs of bone healing were present at the 6-week follow-up examination. No complications were detected.

Conclusions Femoral neck lengthening and DAR augmentation were performed in a growing dog affected by severe hip luxation and DAR insufficiency.
Modulbau aus Holz und Stroh: Ökologisch, nachhaltig und energieeffizient
Authors: Schulz Jelina
Published: August 2019

Bauherren setzen auch im Klinikbereich neuerdings verstärkt auf modulares Bauen. Die Vorteile liegen auf der Hand: Die Arbeiten laufen schneller, leiser und sauberer ab. Dass diese Bauweise auch noch besonders energieeffizient und umweltfreundlich sein kann, zeigt der Anbau der Mediclin Seepark Klinik in Bad Bodenteich.
Rhön-Campus-Konzept: Gesundheitsversorgung ins Zentrum gerückt
Authors: Walter Dominik , Rohde Dirk
Published: August 2019

Wie können ländliche Regionen auch in Zukunft medizinisch exzellent versorgt werden? Eine Antwort liefert das neue Campus-Konzept der Rhön-Klinikum AG in Bad Neustadt an der Saale. Das Pilotprojekt bündelt nicht nur ambulante und stationäre Diagnostik und Therapie, sondern auch Rehabilitation und Gesundheitsförderung an einem zentralen Standort.
An auxiliary-Field quantum Monte Carlo perspective on the ground state of the dense uniform electron gas: An investigation with Hartree-Fock trial wavefunctions
Authors: Lee Joonho , Malone Fionn D. , Morales Miguel A.
Published: August 2019

We assess the utility of Hartree-Fock (HF) trial wavefunctions in performing phaseless auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (ph-AFQMC) on the uniform electron gas (UEG) model. The combination of ph-AFQMC with spin-restricted HF (RHF+ph-AFQMC) was found to be highly accurate and efficient for systems containing up to 114 electrons in 2109 orbitals, particularly for rs ≤ 2.0. Compared to spin-restricted coupled-cluster (RCC) methods, we found that RHF+ph-AFQMC performs better than CC with singles, doubles, and triples (RCCSDT) and similarly to or slightly worse than CC with singles, doubles, triples, and quadruples (RCCSDTQ) for rs ≤ 3.0 in the 14-electron UEG model. With the 54-electron, we found RHF+ph-AFQMC to be nearly exact for rs ≤ 2.0 and pointed out potential biases in existing benchmarks. Encouraged by these, we performed RHF+ph-AFQMC on the 114-electron UEG model for rs ≤ 2.0 and provided new benchmark data for future method development. We found that the UEG models with rs = 5.0 remain to be challenging for RHF+ph-AFQMC. Employing nonorthogonal configuration expansions or unrestricted HF states as trial wavefunctions was also found to be ineffective in the case of the 14-electron UEG model with rs = 5.0. We emphasize the need for a better trial wavefunction for ph-AFQMC in simulating strongly correlated systems. With the 54-electron and 114-electron UEG models, we stress the potential utility of RHF+ph-AFQMC for simulating dense solids.
Fast implosion of foil liners
Authors: Sorokin S. A.
Published: August 2019

The results from the foil liner implosion on a 2-MA generator are reported. To sharpen the front of the current through the liner up to several nanoseconds, the liner area is prefilled with plasma with a density of 1016–1017 cm−3. The current switches to the liner in the process of sweeping the injected plasma by J × B force. The nanosecond rise time of the current through the liner makes it possible to reduce its initial radius to less than 1 mm and use available foil to fabricate the liner. In the experiment, liners with initial diameters of 0.65–2.0 mm made out of 8-μm-thick aluminum foil were imploded in 6–27 ns.
Capabilities and limitations of time-lagged autoencoders for slow mode discovery in dynamical systems
Authors: Chen Wei , Sidky Hythem , Ferguson Andrew L.
Published: August 2019

Time-lagged autoencoders (TAEs) have been proposed as a deep learning regression-based approach to the discovery of slow modes in dynamical systems. However, a rigorous analysis of nonlinear TAEs remains lacking. In this work, we discuss the capabilities and limitations of TAEs through both theoretical and numerical analyses. Theoretically, we derive bounds for nonlinear TAE performance in slow mode discovery and show that in general TAEs learn a mixture of slow and maximum variance modes. Numerically, we illustrate cases where TAEs can and cannot correctly identify the leading slowest mode in two example systems: a 2D “Washington beltway” potential and the alanine dipeptide molecule in explicit water. We also compare the TAE results with those obtained using state-free reversible variational approach for Markov processes nets (SRVs) as a variational-based neural network approach for slow mode discovery and show that SRVs can correctly discover slow modes where TAEs fail.
Spatiotemporal linear stability of viscoelastic free shear flows: Dilute regime
Authors: Sircar S. , Bansal D.
Published: August 2019

We report the temporal and spatiotemporal stability analyses of antisymmetric, free shear, viscoelastic flows obeying the Oldroyd-B constitutive equation in the limit of low to moderate Reynolds number (Re) and Weissenberg number (We). The resulting fourth-order Orr-Sommerfeld equation is reduced to a set of six auxiliary equations that are numerically integrated starting from the rescaled far-field conditions, i.e., via Compound Matrix Method. The temporal stability analysis indicates that with increasing We, (a) the entire range of the most unstable mode is shifted toward longer waves (i.e., the entire region of temporal instability is gradually concentrated near zero wavenumber), (b) the vorticity structure contours are dilated, and (c) the residual Reynolds stresses are diminished. All these analogous observations previously reported in the inertial limit [J. Azaiez and G. M. Homsy, “Linear stability of free shear flow of viscoelastic liquids,” J. Fluid Mech. 268, 37–69 (1994).] suggest a viscoelastic destabilization mechanism operating at low and moderate Re. The Briggs idea of analytic continuation is deployed to classify regions of temporal stability, absolute and convective instabilities, as well as evanescent modes. The main result is that the free shear flow of dilute polymeric liquids is either (absolutely/convectively) unstable for all Re or the transition to instability occurs at comparatively low Re, a finding attributed to the fact that viscoelasticity aggravates instabilities via shear-induced anisotropy and the slow relaxation effects.
H2-Generation from Alcohols by the MOF-Based Noble Metal-Free Photocatalyst Ni/CdS/TiO2@MIL-101
Authors: Tilgner Dominic , Klarner Mara , Hammon Sebastian , Friedrich Martin , Verch Andreas , de Jonge Niels , Kümmel Stephan , Kempe Rhett
Published: August 2019

The synthesis of important classes of chemical compounds from alcohols helps to conserve Earth’s fossil carbon resources, since alcohols can be obtained from indigestible and abundantly available biomass. The utilisation of visible light for the activation of alcohols permits alcohol-based C–N and C–C bond formation under mild conditions inaccessible with thermally operating hydrogen liberation catalysts. Herein, we report on a noble metal-free photocatalyst able to split alcohols into hydrogen and carbonyl compounds under inert gas atmosphere without the requirement of electron donors, additives, or aqueous reaction media. The reusable photocatalyst mediates C–N multiple bond formation using the oxidation of alcohols and subsequent coupling with amines. The photocatalyst consists of a CdS/TiO2 heterojunction decorated with co-catalytic Ni nanoparticles and is prepared on size-optimised colloidal metal–organic framework (MOF) crystallites.
Productive and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars intercropped with Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande in different forage systems
Authors: Epifanio Patrícia Soares , de Pinho Costa Kátia Aparecida , da Costa Severiano Eduardo , Ferreira de Souza Wender , Teixeira Daniel Augusto Alves , Torres da Silva Jessika , de Moura Aquino Millena
Published: August 2019

Pastures are the most practical and cost-effective way to feed cattle and are the basis of livestock production in Central Brazil. Grass–legume intercropping is essential for increasing production in sustainable animal-feeding systems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the productive and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha (A.Rich.) Stapf (palisade grass) cultivars intercropped with Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande (multiline 80% S. capitata and 20% S. macrocephala) in different forage systems, in different seasons of the year, over a 2-year period. A randomised block experimental design was used, with three replicates. The treatments consisted of the following seven forage systems: Piata palisade grass, Paiaguas palisade grass, Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande, row intercropping of Piata palisade grass and Stylosanthes, mixed intercropping of Piata palisade grass and Stylosanthes, row intercropping of Paiaguas palisade grass and Stylosanthes, and mixed intercropping of Paiaguas palisade grass and Stylosanthes. Evaluations were performed in each season of the year (winter, spring, summer, autumn) on the same plots over the 2-year period. Piata and Paiaguas palisade grass behaved similarly in all forage systems, indicating that both can be intercropped with Stylosanthes. Grass–legume intercropping had a positive effect on the productive and nutritional characteristics of the forage plants, increasing dry matter production, crude protein concentrations and in vitro dry matter digestibility, and decreasing the fibre fractions. Row intercropping was more efficient at maintaining high proportions of legume plants in the system, resulting in greater forage production and quality.
Summer production and survival of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) genotypes in northern Victoria under differing irrigation management
Authors: Rogers M. E. , Lawson A. R. , Kelly K. B.
Published: August 2019

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the predominant perennial forage species used in temperate irrigated dairy-production systems in Australia. However, when temperatures are high, even with optimal irrigation strategies and nutrient inputs, dry matter (DM) production can be compromised. This research investigated the effects of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue genotypes and summer irrigation on (DM) production and survival. Ten perennial ryegrass cultivars, three hybrid ryegrasses and two cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea (Schreb) Darbysh.) were sown in northern Victoria, Australia, in May 2014, and were managed under full irrigation or restricted irrigation (no irrigation between late December and mid-March) over a 3-year period. Measurements included net pasture accumulation (DM production), sward density (plant frequency) and water-soluble carbohydrate concentration. Apart from the expected differences in DM yield over the summer period between full irrigation and restricted irrigation, there were few differences in DM production among perennial ryegrass or tall fescue cultivars. Plant frequency declined significantly under restricted irrigation in Years 2 and 3 compared with full irrigation but there were no differences among perennial ryegrass cultivars. In Year 2, plant frequency was higher in the tall fescue cultivars than the ryegrass cultivars. The recovery pattern in DM production following recommencement of irrigation in mid-March (autumn) varied across years. In Year 1, plants recovered rapidly once irrigation recommenced in autumn. However, in Years 2 and 3, autumn and winter pasture accumulation under restricted irrigation was 30–35% less than under full irrigation. These differences were possibly related to decreases in plant frequency, as well as to differences in the amounts of residual pasture mass (or carbohydrate reserves) present when growth ceased. Analyses of the water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations in the pseudostem during summer and autumn in Year 3 showed differences in total water-soluble carbohydrate and in fructan and sucrose concentrations between irrigation treatments but no consistent differences among genotypes.
Environmental factors affecting the germination and seedling emergence of two populations of an emerging agricultural weed: wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola)
Authors: Chadha Aakansha , Florentine Singarayer , Chauhan Bhagirath S. , Long Benjamin , Jayasundera Mithila , Javaid Muhammad M. , Turville Christopher
Published: August 2019

Wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) is a significant emerging agricultural and environmental weed in many countries. This invasive species is now naturalised in Australia and is claimed to cause significant losses within the agricultural industry. Sustainable management of wild lettuce has been hampered by a lack of detailed knowledge of its seed ecology. Laboratory-based studies were performed to examine the potential influence of environmental factors including temperature and light conditions, salinity, pH, moisture availability and burial depth on the germination and emergence of two spatially distant populations of wild lettuce. Results suggested that the germination of wild lettuce seeds occurred across a broad range of temperature conditions (12-h cycle: 30°C/20°C, 25°C/15°C and 17°C/7°C) for both populations. We also found that these seeds are non-photoblastic; germination was not affected by darkness, with >80% germination in darkness for both populations at all tested temperature ranges. Germination significantly declined as salinity and osmotic stress increased for both populations, with seeds from the Tempy population were more affected by NaCl >100 mM than seeds from Werribee, but in neither population was there any observed effect of pH on germination (>80% germination in both populations at all tested pH ranges). For both populations, germination significantly decreased as burial depth increased; however, the two populations differed with regard to response to burial depth treatment, whereby seeds from the Tempy population had higher emergence than those from Werribee at 0.5 cm burial depth. These results suggest that light-reducing management techniques such as mulching or use of crop residues will be unsuccessful for preventing germination of wild lettuce. By contrast, burial of seeds at a depth of at least 4 cm will significantly reduce their emergence.
Detecting and discriminating pyrethroids with chemiresistor sensors
Authors: Cooper James S. , Hubble Lee J. , Chow Edith , Sosa-Pintos Andrea , Patel Nereus , Chai Roger , Raguse Burkhard
Published: August 2019

Environmental contextRegular insecticide treatments on the interior of aircraft impedes the spread of mosquitos and other pests internationally, but border protection agencies lack effective tools to ensure airlines have complied. We report the first use of chemiresistor sensors to detect and identify insecticide residue on an interior aircraft surface. The method could be developed into a tool that helps lower the risk of vector-borne diseases like malaria entering international ports.
AbstractAustralia and other island nations are protected from stowaway pest vectors, like mosquitos, by aircraft disinsection – spraying the airplane interior with an insecticide. It is a simple biosecurity measure that can reduce the spread of malaria, Zika and other mosquito-borne diseases. However, checking airline compliance and the efficacy of the insecticide residue is a difficult task for border protection officials, which requires either a live fly bioassay or off-site laboratory testing. Neither of these methods are ideal for the hectic schedules of airlines. As such, we propose using gold nanoparticle chemiresistor sensor arrays, to detect and identify insecticide residue on the interior surface of aircraft. We have shown that hexanethiol functionalised sensors have a limit of detection of 3 parts per billion (ppb) for permethrin in solution and have a broad dynamic range responding to concentrations up to 1000 ppb. The chemical residues of three different insecticide products were lifted off an interior aircraft surface and identified with an array of seven uniquely functionalised sensors. This is the first ever demonstration of gold nanoparticle chemiresistor sensors being used for the analysis of chemical residues. These sensors have the potential to rapidly check the efficacy of insecticide residues on aircraft surfaces.
Quantitative heterogeneity and subgroup classification based on motility of breast cancer cells*
Authors: Xiong Ling , Liu Yanping , Liu Ruchuan , Yuan Wei , Wang Gao , He Yi , Shuai Jianwei , Jiao Yang , Zhang Xixiang , Han Weijing , Qu Junle , Liu Liyu
Published: August 2019

Cancer cell motility and its heterogeneity play an important role in metastasis, which is responsible for death of 90% of cancer patients. Here, in combination with a microfluidic technique, single-cell tracking, and systematic motility analysis, we present a rapid and quantitative approach to judge the motility heterogeneity of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 in a well-defined three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment with controllable conditions. Following this approach, identification of highly mobile active cells in a medium with epithelial growth factor will provide a practical tool for cell invasion and metastasis investigation of multiple cancer cell types, including primary cells. Further, this approach could potentially become a speedy (∼hours) and efficient tool for basic and clinical diagnosis.
Accuracy and Efficiency of Updated FRF Coupling for the Dynamic Behaviour Investigation of an Assembled Structure
Authors: Iskandar Mirza W I I Wan , Rani M N Abdul , Yunus M A , Omar R
Published: August 2019

The frequency based substructuring (FBS) method allows the combination between the experimental and analytical frequency response function (FRF). The combined FRF is then used for calculation of the dynamic behaviour of an assembled structure which usually consists of a large number structural components or substructures. However, the accuracy of the dynamic behaviour calculated using the FBS method relies heavily on the quality of experimental FRF data of the interfaces on which, in practice, it is very problematic to be attained. Furthermore, in most cases, some parts of rotational FRF data are not included in the FBS method due to the complex measurement process. The exclusion of the rotational FRF data will usually lead to numerous errors in the combined FRF data. Therefore, this paper proposes a new frequency response function (FRF) coupling of the FBS method that may uniquely address the difficulties and improve the quality of predicted results of the FBS method. The proposed coupling was formulated based on the finite element method, model updating method and FRF synthesize method. The finite element model of the physical test substructure was developed and reconciled based on the mode shapes obtained from experimental modal analysis. The FRF synthesize method was performed on the updated finite element model to obtain a complete matrix with a full degree of freedom FRF data containing all the translational and rotational FRF data required. It was found that the proposed coupling has allowed generating full translational and rotational FRF data. The generation has improved significantly the FRF coupling process and the quality of the predicted dynamic behaviour of the FBS method.