bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling of Unstable Waterfloods and Tertiary Polymer Floods for Viscous Oils
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: July 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 182638, “Numerical Modeling of Unstable Waterfloods and Tertiary Polymer Floods For Highly Viscous Oils,” by R. de Loubens, SPE, G. Vaillant, M.  Regaieg, J. Yang, A. Moncorgé, SPE, C. Fabbri, and G. Darche, SPE, Total, prepared for the 2017 SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference, Montgomery, Texas, USA, 20–22 February. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The saturation distribution after unstable waterflooding for highly viscous oil may have a decisive effect on the efficiency of tertiary polymer flooding, in particular because of hysteresis effects associated with oil banking. This paper addresses the challenges in modeling highly unstable waterflooding, using both a conventional Darcy-type simulator and an adaptive dynamic prenetwork model, by comparing the simulated results with experimental data including saturation maps. It also highlights the important role of relative permeability hysteresis in the tertiary recovery of viscous oils by polymer injection.

Introduction

Waterflooding into viscous oils can lead to severe viscous fingering of the injected water—a well-known type of instability in porous-media flow that is intrinsically related to the viscosity contrast between the displaced fluid (oil) and the displacing fluid (water). A direct consequence of this phenomenon is a significant bypassing of the oil in place and a low recovery factor, as observed at both laboratory scale and field scale. Viscous instabilities between two immiscible fluids are dependent not only on the viscosity ratio but also on the capillary number and rock wettability. In particular, experimental studies have shown that the effect of viscous fingering strongly increases when the displacing fluid gets less wetting than the displaced fluid (i.e., when going from imbibition to drainage). In order to reduce or eliminate hydrodynamic instabilities, polymer flooding can be implemented as a secondary or tertiary recovery mechanism.

This work considers three waterflood and tertiary-polymer-flood experiments conducted on Bentheimer sandstone slabs with heavy oils with viscosity of approximately 2,000 and 7,000 cp, under nonwater-wet conditions. These experiments belong to a series of heavy-oil- displacement experiments whose objective was to investigate the effect on oil recovery of various parameters, such as oil viscosity, slab length, and injection pattern. Besides standard measurements of fluid production and differential pressures, an X-ray scanner was used to visualize the spatial distribution of the fluids as a function of time.
Technology Focus: Artificial Lift (July 2017)
Authors: Berry Mike
Published: July 2017

Technology Focus

Two things stood out when I looked at this year’s abstracts. First, well over half of the abstracts were related to electrical submersible pumps (ESPs). This is a significant increase from the last couple of years. Second, there was a clutch of artificial-lift-method-selection papers. I have not seen many of those recently. Because this appears to be a topic of interest at the moment, I chose papers from that topic. They are good papers, and it is a good general-interest topic, but selecting them meant that I had to leave out more-specialized papers. 

I am primarily an ESP guy, so I have to be cautious about bias when looking at papers. Biased or not, I thought several of the ESP-related papers stood out. SPE 185128 discusses ways to operate an ESP below 800 psi. This has been a problem in multifractured horizontal wells. SPE 184216 discusses the effect of horizontal-well multiphase-flow behavior on ESP operations. Long gas/liquid slugs are another problem I have been seeing. SPE 172736 discusses casing corrosion induced by stray currents from weakened ESP-power-cable insulation. This is a topic of interest in the Middle East but is largely ignored in the US.

I also admit to having a biased interest in multifractured horizontal shale wells. I thought SPE 180833 might be of interest because it discusses optimization of oil-well plunger lift. I have been wondering if plunger lift might be a viable late-life lift method for these wells. Last, SPE 180470 seemed like a solid gas lift optimization paper. As much as it pains me to admit it, by the book, gas lift should be the default lift method for shale wells.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 184134 Feasibility Study of Artificial-Lift Modes for a Deep Heavy-Oil Reservoir by Prasanna Mali, KOC, et al.

SPE 185128 Breaking the 800-psi ESP PIP Barrier: How a Proven Flow-Conditioning Technology Can Dramatically Improve ESP Performance in Horizontal Wells by D.W. Kimery, Production Plus Energy Services, et al.

SPE 184216 How To Diagnose and Solve  a Tripping ESP Caused by Multiphase- Flow Behavior in a Horizontal Well by P.M. Bruijnen, TAQA Energy, et al.
Technology Focus: New-Frontier Reservoirs I (July 2017)
Authors: Chipperfield Simon
Published: July 2017

Technology Focus

Congratulations! You are one of a select group to open your JPT and find this page!

For your effort, you deserve something special, and I know what you want. In 5 minutes or less, you want to know how to immediately make a step change in your business and improve your own promotion prospects in the process. You want to know the key technologies you should be implementing now. To develop your longer-term strategy, you want an awareness of future trends now. You don’t want just anyone to tell you these answers; you want it to come from the very best people in the industry.

Consider your wish granted. According to a poll of leaders with more than 220 years of collective experience (see JPT online for names), the top theme to have affected our industry in the past 2 years is

Fracture-Stimulation Optimization—Given the high cost, fracture design has gained its fair share of scrutiny in the downturn. The results of statistical production analysis have varied by play. Fluid types and chemical additives have been removed or modified. Alternative proppants have been evaluated and, in some cases, trialed successfully outside their previously specified safe-performance ranges. Nothing is sacred.

The top theme to affect our industry in the next 2 years is predicted to be

Intelligent Operations—The industry is moving toward increasing the level of automation in all activities. All areas from exploration to shipping will be touched by these technologies. This includes drones for safer, demanned operations as well as robotics on drilling rigs. The other key area of automation is predictive analytics, which allows us to analyze multivariant problems like never before. Fracture-design optimization, drilling analytics to improve rate of penetration, and optimized operator vehicle routing for field-staff and plant optimization are just a few areas that will be transformed.

Now, wasn’t it worth the effort to read this?

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 182230 Issues and Challenges With Controlling Large Drawdown in the First Offshore Methane-Hydrate Production Test by S. Sakurai, Japan Oil, Gas, and Metals National Corporation, et al.

SPE 180399 Petrophysical Evaluation of Natural-Gas Hydrates—North Slope, Alaska by Douglas Hupp, Schlumberger, et al.

SPE 180818 Proppant Management: A New Challenge To Develop Unconventional Reservoirs in Argentina by J.C. Bonapace, Halliburton
Enhancing Well Performance by In-Stage Diversion in Unconventional Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: July 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 180985, “Enhancing Well Performance by In-Stage Diversion in Unconventional Wells: Physics and Case Studies,” by F.E. FragachÁn, M. Pordel Shahri, D.M. Arnold, A.G. Babey, and C.S. Smith, Weatherford, prepared for the 2016 SPE Argentina Exploration and Production of Unconventional Resources Symposium, Buenos Aires, 1–3 June. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Developments in nondamaging, degradable diverters with outstanding plugging efficiency have opened new opportunities for protecting existing fractures by plugging them and then fracturing zones that were previously bypassed because of inefficient zone coverage or refracturing zones that were inefficiently fractured initially. With multistage operations becoming the industry norm, operators need easily deployable diversion technologies that will protect previously stimulated perforations and enable addition of new ones. This paper reviews several aspects of the use of in-stage diversion.

Introduction to Degradable Diverters

Polymer-based degradable diverters are temporary materials that are useful in some oil and gas operations, primarily to enable fluids to flow into areas of the reservoir where fluid dynamics would normally exclude them. While standard mechanical diverters work well for zonal isolation, they must be physically removed from the well after the workover job has been completed.

Degradable diverters have performed an important role for many decades, but they cannot meet operational requirements to stay intact for weeks or even hours. Perforation balls or degradable ball sealers will fall away from perforations without continuous application of pressure. Rock salt and flakes will dis-solve after a few hours. High temperatures degrade the material faster.

The suite of degradable diverter products consists of polymers of varying chemistries that provide good blocking and sealing when applied to the well but that can also degrade across a wide temperature range to monomer species that will be nondamaging to hydrocarbon-bearing formations. Diversion applications with degradation times between a few hours and a few days in temperatures from 80 to 325°F can be achieved by the selection of appropriate polymer chemistry.

Despite the unique design of these various polymers, the success of applying this technology in the field for use as a temporary diverter is heavily dependent on sound engineering and geomechanical design that enables the creation of a seal over existing flow pathways that can withstand differential pressures up to and exceeding 8,000 psi and yet can completely degrade in a controlled amount of time after the completion of the intervention.
Production Metrics To Predict Long-Term Performance of Unconventional Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: July 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 184817, “Optimal Production Metric To Predict Unconventional Wells’ Long-Term Performance,” by Edward Ifejika, Bertrand De Cumont, and Nommie Kashani, Total, prepared for the 2017 SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 24–26 January. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

In unconventional plays, comparing the effect of different completion designs or well-management strategies on well performance remains a challenge because of the relatively brief production history and lack of long-term field analogs of these plays. This study examines various production durations as potential candidates for reliable indicators of well quality. The results show that predictions of midterm performance begin to be reliable only near 180 days of cumulative well production. This study used actual daily production data to confirm that 30- and 90-day initial production are not correlated strongly to well actual performance in the 2-year range.

Introduction

It has been a common practice to quantify performance of unconventional wells through their 30-day initial production for purposes of information for the media and in investor presentations. The authors’ experience has been that the 30-day initial production often does not necessarily quantify a well’s potential. The goal of this study is to compare various production-duration periods to identify which can most accurately forecast longer-term production. This study tests different production durations by use of actual well-production history from the Utica play in Ohio, USA. The term “IP-nnn” in the paper refers to a specific number of days of nonzero production for the well; for example, “wellhead gas IP-30” refers to the total volume of the first 30 days of nonzero wellhead gas production for the well, whereas “condensate IP-90” refers to the total volume of the first 90 days of nonzero condensate production for the well.

Study Description and Assumptions

A data set of 676 unconventional producing wells for the Utica play was used to conduct this study. The authors began the study with several assumptions based on anecdotal observations from the early days of production in the play, with the goal of eventually using this data set to test the accuracy of their assumptions, which were as follows:

30-day wellhead gas production is a poor predictor of long-term gas production.

90-day wellhead gas production is a more-accurate predictor of long-term production than is 30-day gas production.

180-day gas production is not significantly better than 90-day gas production as a predictor of long-term gas.

360-day gas production and 720-day gas production are equivalent as gas-production-quality indicators.

Correlations of 30-, 90-, and 180-day condensate production to long-term condensate production are significantly poorer than the equivalent for gas production.
Technology Focus: CO2 Applications (July 2017)
Authors: Kokal Sunil
Published: July 2017

Technology Focus

Carbon dioxide (CO2) continues to garner a lot of media and technical attention—both good and bad. I want to look at the global big picture of CO2, more specifically its uses and applications.

Global emissions of CO2 resulting from the use of fossil fuels amount to approximately 35 billion tons per year. How much of this can we capture? How much can we store or sequester? And, perhaps the most important question: How much will it cost and who will pay?

It is the last question that needs some attention and discussion. Anyone conversant with CO2 will quickly tell you that pure sequestration will be difficult and challenging because there are no revenues. It is an area that all mankind should work on. In the short term, carbon capture and storage (CCS) has to be CCUS where the “U” stands for “usage.”

So what are some of the current uses of CO2? They include

CO2 for enhanced oil and gas recovery

Commercial use in the fertilizer, polymer, beverage, and liquid-fuel industries

Biological-activity enhancement

Mineralization or permanent sequestration in cements

How much of the emitted man-made CO2 can be used with these applications? It is only a very small fraction—by some estimates less than 1%.

Another point to note is that, among these highlighted uses, CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is by far the most dominant application. We should all play our part in addressing and reducing the challenges associated with the current applications and, most importantly, in developing cost-effective new CO2 use and sequestration technologies. Sequestration of CO2 poses significant challenges. Each and every one of us is obligated to do our small part in ensuring that we address these challenges to the benefit of mankind. Some of the papers that follow address these challenges through demonstration projects. SPE is perfectly placed in terms of providing best practices and a platform for sharing the development and deployment of these innovative technologies.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

IPTC 18843 Galvanizing Stakeholder Support for CSS by W. Maas, Shell, et al.

SPE 185033 Permanently Sequester Anthropogenic CO2—Through Hydraulic Fracturing by M.M. Reynolds, Ferus, et al.

SPE/AFRC 2572863 Innovations in Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration for Operations, Engineering, and Technology by Simiyu E. Lilian, Kenyatta University, et al.
First Report of the Carolina Spiral Nematode, Scutellonema brachyurus, from Soil of a Garden in Crete, Greece
Authors: Tzortzakakis Emmanuel A. , Cantalapiedra-Navarrete Carolina , Archidona-Yuste Antonio , Palomares-Rius Juan E. , Castillo Pablo
Published: July 2017

Members of the genus Scutellonema can cause substantial crop losses to ornamental and cultivated plants directly by feeding ectoparasitically on plant roots (Bridge et al., 2005; Coyne et al., 2006). In May 2015, a soil sample from a house garden from Heraklion city in Crete, Greece, was sent for diagnosis of plant-parasitic nematodes. In this place, there had been cactus (Opuntia sp.) plants (probably imported), which were uprooted 3 to 4 years earlier. After that, the area was cropped with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in spring–summer and leaf vegetables such as spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in autumn–winter. The soil was collected 1 mon after the end of chicory crop. A population density (ca. 30 individuals/100 cm3 of soil) of spiral nematodes (Scutellonema sp.) was found by extracting soil with the wet sieving and decanting method (Cobb, 1918). Morphological and molecular analyses of females identified the species as Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958. The morphology of females was characterized by a hemispherical lip region with four to six annuli, morphometric data for 12 females were L, 640 to 760 μm; a, 24.6 to 30.6; b, 5.8 to 7.4; c, 69.1 to 99.3; ć0.5 to 0.6; stylet, 24.5 to 27.5 μm with an terior part shorter than posterior; and spermatheca nonfunctional and male absent. The morphology agreed with the description of S. brachyurus (van den Berg et al., 2013).Alignment indicated that the D2-D3 and ITS sequences (KU059494 and KU059495, respectively) showed 99% and 100% to 99% similarity, respectively, to other sequences of S. brachyurus (type A) deposited in GenBank from the United States, Italy, and Korea (JX472037-JX472046, DQ328753, FJ485643; and JX472069, JX472070, JX472071, respectively), differing from one to six nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference of these sequences placed the Scutellonema sp. in a highly supported (100%) clade that included all S. brachyurus (type A) sequences deposited in GenBank (van den Berg et al., 2013). All identification methods were consistent with S. brachyurus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. brachyurus for Greece. As the cucumbers and the leaf vegetables cultivated in the area were seed planted, we consider that the nematode originated most probably from the cactus plants which had been previously root ball planted. Scutellonema brachyurus may represent a threat for ornamental and cultivated plants production in Crete, Greece. The nematode has been already reported, mainly in greenhouses of six European countries (CABI and EPPO, 2006). In most of these cases, it is hypothesized that the nematode was introduced by imported plant material.
Oscheius tipulae in Italy: Evidence of an Alien Isolate in the Integral Natural Reserve of Montecristo Island (Tuscany)
Authors: Torrini Giulia , Mazza Giuseppe , Strangi Agostino , Barabaschi Delfina , Landi Silvia , Mori Emiliano , Menchetti Mattia , Sposimo Paolo , Giuliani Claudia , Zoccola Antonio , Lazzaro Lorenzo , Ferretti Giulio , Foggi Bruno , Roversi Pio Federico
Published: July 2017

Montecristo Island is an integral natural reserve of the Tuscan Archipelago National Park (Central Italy), characterized by a peculiar assemblage of flora and fauna, with several endemic taxa, and also with a high number of alien species. During a soil survey, we found an alien Oscheius tipulae Lam & Webster, 1971 isolate, phylogenetically close to others from South America. In this article, we examined the possible pathways of introduction of this nematode. Because of the high number of alien plants in this protected area and the low desiccation survival ability of O. tipulae, we hypothesized that the presence of this alien nematode isolate may be related to the soil of introduced plants, although historical association with plant-associated invertebrates is also possible. Further studies with more populations and marker molecules are necessary to investigate the distribution of O. tipulae and the possible impact on this natural reserve.
Reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita Race 3 on Flue-cured Tobacco Homozygous for Rk1 and/or Rk2 Resistance Genes
Authors: Pollok Jill R. , Johnson Charles S. , Eisenback J. D. , Reed T. david
Published: July 2017

Most commercial tobacco cultivars possess the Rk1 resistance gene to races 1 and 3 of Meloidogyne incognita and race 1 of Meloidogyne arenaria, which has caused a shift in population prevalence in Virginia tobacco fields toward other species and races. A number of cultivars now also possess the Rk2 gene for root-knot resistance. Experiments were conducted in 2013 to 2014 to examine whether possessing both Rk1 and Rk2 increases resistance to a variant of M. incognita race 3 compared to either gene alone. Greenhouse trials were arranged in a completely randomized design with Coker 371-Gold (C371G; susceptible), NC 95 and SC 72 (Rk1Rk1), T-15-1-1 (Rk2Rk2), and STNCB-2-28 and NOD 8 (Rk1Rk1 and Rk2Rk2). Each plant was inoculated with 5,000 root-knot nematode eggs; data were collected 60 d postinoculation. Percent galling and numbers of egg masses and eggs were counted, the latter being used to calculate the reproductive index on each host. Despite variability, entries with both Rk1 and Rk2 conferred greater resistance to a variant of M. incognita race 3 than plants with Rk1 or Rk2 alone. Entries with Rk1 alone were successful in reducing root galling and nematode reproduction compared to the susceptible control. Entry T-15-1-1 did not reduce galling compared to the susceptible control but often suppressed reproduction.
First Report of Heterorhabditis amazonensis from Venezuela and Characterization of Three Populations
Authors: Morales Naiyulin , Morales-Montero Patricia , Puza Vladimir , San-Blas Ernesto
Published: July 2017

During a survey in western Venezuela in 2011, three new populations of Heterorhabditis amazonensis (LPV08l, LPV156, and LPV498) were isolated. Some differences were found in terms of morphometry compared with the original description; however, the distance from the anterior end to the excretory pore is the most variable character; significantly shorter in all infective juveniles and in other developmental stages depending on the population. According to a Principal Component Analysis, LPV498 possesses more differences in morphometric characteristics and can be separated from the other two. Those intraspecific differences could be attributed to the geographic origin of the nematode. Molecular studies of iTs regions demonstrated that the sequences of the Venezuelan strains were identical to those of the type species originally isolated in the Brazilian Amazonian forest. This is an interesting fact because in several studies on heterorhabditids, intraspecific variability has been recorded. Herein, we present the first report of H. amazonensis in Venezuela and the characterization of three populations of this species.
Curative Control of the Peachtree Borer Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Authors: Shapiro-Ilan David I. , Cottrell Ted E. , Mizell Russell F. , Horton Dan L.
Published: July 2017

The peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say 1823), is a major pest of stone fruit trees in North America. Current management relies upon preventative control using broad-spectrum chemical insecticides, primarily chlorpyrifos, applied in the late summer or early fall. However, due to missed applications, poor application timing, or other factors, high levels of S. exitiosa infestation may still occur and persist through the following spring. Curative treatments applied in the spring to established infestations would limit damage to the tree and prevent the next generation of S. exitiosa from emerging within the orchard. However, such curative measures for control of S. exitiosa do not exist. Our objective was to measure the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, as a curative control for existing infestations of S. exitiosa. In peach orchards, spring applications of S. carpocapsae (obtained from a commercial source) were made to infested trees and compared with chlorpyrifos and a water-only control in 2014 and 2015. Additionally, types of spray equipment were compared: nematodes were applied via boom sprayer, handgun, or trunk sprayer. To control for effects of application method or nematode source, in vivo laboratory-grown S. carpocapsae, applied using a watering can, was also included. Treatment effects were assessed 39 d (2014) or 19 d (2015) later by measuring percentage of trees still infested, and also number of surviving S. exitiosa larvae per tree. Results indicated that S. carpocapsae provided significant curative control (e.g., >80% corrected control for the handgun application). In contrast, chlorpyrifos failed to reduce S. exitiosa infestations or number of surviving larvae. In most comparisons, no effect of nematode application method was detected; in one assessment, only the handgun and watering can methods reduced infestation. In conclusion, our study indicates that S. carpocapsae may be used as an effective curative measure for S. exitiosa infestations.
Effect of Application Timing of Oxamyl in Nonbearing Raspberry for Pratylenchus penetrans Management
Authors: Zasada Inga A. , Walters Thomas W.
Published: July 2017

In 2012, theWashington raspberry (Rubus idaeus) industry received a special local needs (SLN) 24(c) label to apply Vydate L® (active ingredient oxamyl) to nonbearing raspberry for the management of Pratylenchus penetrans. This is a new use pattern of this nematicide for raspberry growers; therefore, research was conducted to identify the optimum spring application timing of oxamyl for the suppression of P. penetrans. Three on-farm trials in each of 2012 and 2013 were established in Washington in newly planted raspberry trials on a range of varieties. Oxamyl was applied twice in April (2013 only), May, and June, and these treatments were compared to each other as well as a nontreated control. Population densities of P. penetrans were determined in the fall and spring postoxamyl applications for at least 1.5 years. Plant vigor was also evaluated in the trials. Combined results from 2012 and 2013 trials indicated that application timing in the spring was not critical. Oxamyl application reduced root P. penetrans population densities in all six trials. Reductions in P. penetrans population densities in roots of oxamyl-treated plants, regardless of application timing, ranged from 62%to 99%of densities in nontreated controls. Phytotoxicity to newly planted raspberry was never observed in any of the trials. A nonbearing application of oxamyl is an important addition to current control methods used to manage P. penetrans in raspberry in Washington.
New Cyst Nematode, Heterodera sojae n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from Soybean in Korea
Authors: Kang Heonil , Eun Geun , Ha Jihye , Kim Yongchul , Park Namsook , Kim Donggeun , Choi Insoo
Published: July 2017

Anew soybean cyst nematode Heterodera sojae n. sp. was found from the roots of soybean plants in Korea. Cysts of H. sojae n. sp. appeared more round, shining, and darker than that of H. glycines. Morphologically, H. sojae n. sp. differed from H. glycines by fenestra length (23.5–54.2 μm vs. 30–70 μm),vulval silt length (9.0–24.4 μm vs. 43–60 μm), tail length of J2 (54.3–74.8 μm vs. 40–61 μm),and hyaline part of J2 (32.6–46.3 μm vs. 20–30 μm). It is distinguished from H. elachista by larger cyst (513.4–778.3 μm × 343.4– 567.1 μm vs. 350–560 μm × 250– 450 μm) and longer stylet length of J2 (23.8–25.3 μm vs. 17–19 μm). Molecular analysis of rRNA large subunit (LSU) D2–D3 segments and ITS gene sequence shows that H. sojae n. sp. is more close to rice cyst nematode H. elachista than H. glycines. Heterodera sojae n.sp. was widely distributed in Korea. It was found from soybean fields of all three provinces sampled.
Oscheius microvilli n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): A Facultatively Pathogenic Nematode from Chongming Island, China
Authors: Zhou Guixin , Yang Huan , Wang Feng , Bao Haoran , Wang Guoxiang , Hou Xianglong , Lin Jian , Yedid Gabriel , Zhang Keyun
Published: July 2017

A new species, Oscheius microvilli n. sp., was found on Chongming Island (Shanghai, China). The new species is morphologically similar to the type strain of Oscheius myriophilus, but can be distinguished from it and other species of Oscheius on the basis of unique morphological characteristics of the bursa as well as male papillae. In this new species, the male bursal papillar formula is 2, 1, 3, 3 with everted tips in the first, fifth, and seventh pairs. The bursal rim is jagged, joins together anterior to the spicules, and is partially extended and decorated with microvilli. The spicules are incompletely separated, and the tail does not extend beyond the bursa. Phylogenetic trees of 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer indicate that the new species belongs to the insectivora group of the genus Oscheius; it is most closely related to O. myriophilus, and the two species can be distinguished on the basis of their different body length, morphological features of the bursa, and molecular data. The new species is facultatively associated with a bacterial strain of Serratia. The LC50 of this novel nematode against Galleria mellonella was 69.1 dauer juveniles per milliliter after 48 hr of infection.
First Report and Comparative Study of Steinernema surkhetense (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and its Symbiont Bacteria from Subcontinental India
Authors: Bhat Aashiq Hussain , Istkhar  , Chaubey Ashok Kumar , Puža Vladimir , San-Blas Ernesto
Published: July 2017

Two populations (CS19 and CS20) of entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated from the soils of vegetable fields from Bijnor district, india. Based on morphological, morphometrical, and molecular studies, the nematodes were identified as Steinernema surkhetense. This work represents the first report of this species in india. The infective juveniles (iJs) showed morphometrical and morphological differences, with the original description based on longer iJs size. The iJs of the indian isolates possess six ridges in their lateral field instead of eight reported in the original description. The analysis of iTs-rDNA sequences revealed nucleotide differences at 345, 608, and 920 positions in aligned data. No difference was observed in D2-D3 domain. The S. surkhetense Coi gene was studied for the first time as well as the molecular characterization of their Xenorhabdus symbiont using the sequences of recA and gyrB genes revealing Xenorhabdus stockiae as its symbiont. These data, together with the finding of X. stockiae, suggest that this bacterium is widespread among south Asian nematodes from the ‘‘carpocapsae’’ group. Virulence of both isolates was tested on Spodoptera litura. The strain Cs19 was capable to kill the larvae with 31.78 iJs at 72 hr, whereas Cs20 needed 67.7 iJs.
The Draft Genome of Globodera ellingtonae
Authors: Phillips Wendy S. , Howe Dana K. , Brown Amanda M. V. , Akker Sebastian Eves-Van Den , Dettwyler Levi , Peetz Amy B. , Denver Dee R. , Zasada Inga A.
Published: July 2017

Globodera ellingtonae is a newly described potato cyst nematode (PCN) found in Idaho, Oregon, and Argentina. Here, we present a genome assembly for G. ellingtonae, a relative of the quarantine nematodes G. pallida and G. rostochiensis, produced using data from Illumina and Pacific Biosciences DNA sequencing technologies.
Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Control of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in Tomato Production in Florida
Authors: Desaeger Johan , Dickson Donald W. , Locascio S. J.
Published: July 2017

The following work was initiated to determine the scope of application methodology and fumigant combinations for increasing efficacy of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and metam sodium for management of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Florida. A series of five experiments were set up during spring and fall seasons to evaluate the potential of different fumigants, alone or in combination, in polyethylene film tomato production. The most promising chemical alternatives to methyl bromide, in terms of root-knot nematode management, were the combinations 1,3-D-chloropicrin, chloropicrin-proprietary solvent, and 1,3-D-metam sodium. Sprayed or injected metam sodium generally provided only short-term nematode management and by harvest nematode infection was not different from the nontreated control. Drip-applied metam sodium gave good nematode management under high nematode pressure, but needs further verification to establish (i) the importance of soil moisture and temperature on treatment efficacy and (ii) whether similar management can be obtained with fewer than three drip tubes. Broadcast applications of 1,3-D showed better efficacy as compared to applications on a preformed raised bed. Fumigation did not increase tomato yields in spring when root-knot nematode pressure was low, but during fall all chemical treatments increased yields three to five-fold, as root-knot nematode was a major yield-limiting factor.
Fatigue and Recovery in Soccer: Evidence and Challenges
Authors: Marqués-Jiménez Diego , Calleja-González Julio , Arratibel Iñaki , Delextrat Anne , Terrados Nicolás
Published: July 2017

Background:

Soccer presents physiological, metabolic, physical and psychological demands which can deteriorate players’ performance due to fatigue. The high variability in physiological, metabolic, physical and psychological responses also influences the magnitude of exercise-induced muscle damage, with symptoms negatively affecting neuromuscular function during recovery or subsequent training sessions or matches. Consequently, more precise and consistent knowledge is required in this area to optimize training and performance.

Objective:

Therefore, the purpose is to sum-up current evidence on fatigue and recovery in soccer players, to shed light on factors that can affect players’ performance, and to suggest applications for coaches and further research.

Method:

A comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the field was conducted.

Results:

Physical performance decrements during matches have traditionally been associated with physiological fatigue, but the magnitude of the symptoms in soccer players is unclear and depends on several factors. Moreover, the decline in physical performance during a soccer match is related to specific demands of each match. These could explain inter-individual variability in acute fatigue or training recovery processes when comparing players from the same team. Recovery counteracts the effects of fatigue, both peripheral and central, but there is a lack of consensus about the usefulness of tests used to monitor fatigue and recovery kinetics.

Conclusion:

Although fatigue and recovery in soccer has been extensively studied, there are still uncertainties about the underlying mechanisms because they are influenced by physiological and match-related demands.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Psidium guajava leaves and its antibacterial activity
Authors: Venugopal Geetha
Published: July 2017

In the present study, Psidium guajava leaves were taken for synthesizing silver nanoparticles and checked their antibacterial activity against E.coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter. The plant extract was analysed for the detection of the presence of protein, carbohydrate, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids, saponins, phenols and tannins. In this present study, the antibacterial activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from guava leaf shows the zone of inhibition against all the five pathogens.
Asupan Sayur dan Buah dengan Variasi Warnanya pada Siswa SD Insan Permata Malang
Authors: Rizkyana Okky , Nugroho Fajar Ari , Anggraeny Olivia
Published: July 2017

AbstrakCapaian konsumsi sayur dan buah masih menjadi masalah yang disoroti di Indonesia. Penyajian variasi warna sayur dan buah di sekolah yang memiliki fasilitas penyediaan makan pada anak merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan asupan sayur dan buah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan asupan sayur dan buah berdasarkan variasi warnanya pada siswa SD Insan Permata Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pra experimental dengan metode purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel 45 orang yang dibagi dalam 3 kelompok, masingâ€“masing berjumlah 15 orang, setiap kelompok mendapatkan sayur dan buah satu warna, dua variasi warna, dan tiga variasi warna yang berbeda pada 6 hari yang tidak berurutan. Hasil berdasarkan uji statistik yang dilakukan pada setiap kelompok menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan asupan sayur pada penyajian satu warna (kembang kol) dan tiga variasi warna (wortel, brokoli, kembang kol) (p=0,036). Hasil berbeda ditemukan apabila dilakukan uji pada setiap perlakuan, tidak terdapat perbedaan asupan sayur (p=0,622) dan asupan buah (p=0,368) antar perlakuan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan asupan sayur dan buah pada penyajian satu warna, dua variasi warna, dan tiga variasi warna.Kata kunci: Asupan, Anak, Buah, Sayur, WarnaÂ AbstractVegetable and fruit consumption remains a highlighted issue in Indonesia. Presenting variations of vegetable and fruit colors in schools that have meal provision facilities is one way to increase vegetable and fruit intake. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of vegetable and fruit intake based on color variation on the students of Insan Permata Elementary School Malang. This research used pre experimental design with purposive sampling method. A sample size of 45 students was divided into 3 groups, each of which amounted to 15 students. Each group received one color of vegetable and fruit, two color variations, and three different color variations on 6 non-consecutive days. The statistical test results conducted on each group showed vegetable intake differences in one color presentation (cauliflower) and three color variations (carrot, broccoli, cauliflower) (p = 0.036). Different results were found when tests were conducted on each treatment, but there was no difference of vegetable intake (p=0.622) and fruit intake (p=0.368) between treatments. This research concludes that there is no difference of vegetable and fruit intake on one color presentation, two color variations, and three color variations.Keywords: intake, children, fruit, vegetables, color
PENGARUH PENGHILANGAN RAFINOSA DALAM PENGENCER TRIS AMINOMETHANE KUNING TELUR TERHADAP KUALITAS SEMEN KAMBING BOER SELAMA SIMPAN DINGIN
Authors: Rochim Abdul , Salim Muhammad Ade , Isnaini Nurul , Susilawati Trinil
Published: July 2017

The objective of this research was to examine the effect of removal raffinose in tris aminomethane egg yolk diluents to semen quality of Boer goat during chilled preservation. This research was carried out at Animal Reproduction Laboratory and Sumber Sekar Laboratory, Animal Husbandry Faculty, Brawijaya University from December 11th 2016 toÂ  January 31th 2017. Semen diluent was divided into two groups, there were P0 (80% Tris Aminomethane + 20% Egg Yolk); and P1 (80% Tris Aminomethane (without raffinose) + 20% Egg Yolk). Parameter of this research was motility percentage, viability percentage, and abnormality percentage. Data of this research was analyzed using paired design t test. The result showed that after five days chilled preservation, was different (P<0,05) on the average motility percentage between P0 (39,50Â±9,26%) and P1 (43,50Â±6,26%). There was significantly different (P<0,01) on the average viability percentage between P0 (45,86Â±15,66%) and P1 (46,38Â±15,32%). There was significantly different (P<0,01) on the average abnormality percentage between P0 (1,76Â±0,60%) and P1 (2,31Â±0,75%). Total motile sperm count after 5 days chilled preservation was different (P<0,05) in P0 treatment and not different (P>0,05) in P1 treatment compared to the expectation value of 40 million sperm/ml. The conclution of this research was the tris aminomethane egg yolk diluent without raffinose could protect of Boer goat semen quality during chilled preservation.Â Keywords: boer goat semen, tris aminomethane, raffinose, chilled preservation
KUALITAS SEMEN SEGAR DAN RECOVERY RATE (RR) SAPI LIMOUSIN PADA MUSIM YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Sunami Siti , Isnaini Nurul , Wahjuningsih Sri
Published: July 2017

This research aimed to determine the quality of fresh semen and recovery rate (RR) Limousin bulls at different seasons in Indonesia. The research materials were used semen sample and recording of 10 Limousin bulls on November 2015 until September 2016. The analyze was used by descriptive, while seasonal factors were determined by rainfall, they were divided into 2 stage (summer and rainy). The result was showed that the average of individual motility (60Â±0.07 %) on summer and (57.7Â±0.09 %) on rainy, Consentration of spermatozoa (1043Â±208 million/ml) on summer and (1013Â±175 million/ml) on rainy, post thawing motility (44Â±0.02 %) on summer and (41Â±0.05 %) on rainy, RR value (65Â±0.05 %) on summer and (55Â±0.09 %) on rainy, the production of frozen semen (1979Â±644.2 straw) on summer and (1623Â±379 straw) on rainy. It was concluded that the best quality of fresh until frozen semen was generally on summer with low rainfall. The seasonal effect for quality of semen Limousin bulls were individual motility, concentration, PTM, and RR value will be impacted for frozen semen produce. It was advisable to rejected the Limousin bulls with poor semen quality.Keywords: Seasonality, Summer, Rainy, Quality of Semen
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN KEMATANGAN AIR KELAPA HIJAU SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGENCER YANG DITAMBAH 10% KUNING TELUR TERHADAP KUALITAS SEMEN CAIR KAMBING BOER
Authors: Audia Rara Putri , Salim Muhammad Ade , Isnaini Nurul , Susilawati Trinil
Published: July 2017

This study is conducted on December 2016until January 2017 in Sumber Sekar Field Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Brawijaya University. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of different maturity levels of green coconut water dilution with 10% of egg yolk to the sperm quality of Boer goat during storage. Materials used in the study were male Boer kept in Sumber Sekar Field Laboratory. The semen was collected routinely once in 2 days using artificial vagina with fresh semen quality requirement individual motility â‰¥70%. The method used in this study is Randomnized Block Design which consists of three treatments, there are P0 as control (CEP-2 + 10% Egg Yolk); P1 (Young Green Coconut Water + 10% Egg Yolk) and P2 (Mature Green Coconut Water + 10% Egg Yolk). If the difference between the treatments showed real influence, then the Duncanâ€™s Multiple Range Test will be done. The grouping is sorted by the semen observation time. The observed variables macroscopically include volume, smell, consistency, color and acidity, and microscopically which include individual motility, mass motility, viability and abnormality.The study result for the mean and standard deviation (SD) of motility in storage until the 4th day. The motility of P0 (36.67 Â± 32.96)%, then P1 (20.0 Â± 13.78)%, and the last P3 (18.33 Â± 19.15). Dilution with the best viabillity average in the 4th day in P0 (58.02 Â± 19.93)%, in P1 (26.10 Â± 18.47)% and the last is P2 (25,87 Â± 20,60)%.the average value of abnormality on the 4th day shows that the lowest average abnormality found in P0 (1.49 Â± 0.73)%, then P1 (1.89 Â± 1.68)% and the highest average value of abnormality is in P2 (2,87 Â± 1.41).Keywords : liquid semen, boer goat, green coconut water, CEP-2, cold storage
Psikologi Moral dan Usaha Mencari Pemimpin Politik yang Demokratis
Authors: Adinugroho Indro
Published: July 2017

As a young democratic country, Indonesia needs various studies and experiences related to implementation of healthy democracy. Referring to psychological principle, decade long experience living in the Dark Age (new order regime) could become a nightmare or even traumatic experience for many Indonesia ns. In the context of Indonesia as a state, the traumatic event is not just experienced by individual, but also groups, organizations and civil society. Therefore, Indonesia needs numerous empirical supports to enhance its democratic condition. Moral psychology is considered as the empirical aspect that suitable in analyzing various political and democracy issues in Indonesia. Moral psychology is focusing its studies on human judgment related to right (correct) and w rong (false). This study is truly become empirical donation as an attempt to search political leader w ith democratic leadership as the trait. Comprehensive study in moral psychology could provide clear explanation for many political issues and also helping citizens to decide their political action for Indonesia
Ketidakberdayaan dan Perilaku Bunuh Diri: Meta-Analisis
Authors: Valentina Tience Debora , Helmi Avin Fadilla
Published: July 2017

The incidence of suicide increases in Indonesia and around the world that encourage the growing of research on suicidal behavior. Hopelessness recognized as a strongly predictor of suicidal behavior, including suicidal ideas and suicide attempts (Beck, Brown, Berchick, Stewart, & Steer, 1990; Reinecke and Franklin-Scott, 2005). However, the empirical results show the correlation between hopelessness and suicidal behavior seem to be less consistent. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of hopelessness and s uicidal behavior through the study of meta-analysis. There are 27 studies are including in this meta-analysis study. Two artifacts allow for correction in these study are sampling error and measurement error. The result shows that the correlation of hopele ssness and suicidal behavior is 0.360, with the confidence level is 95%
Integrasi Personal Balanced Scorecard, Psikologi Integral, dan Positive Organization Behaviour/ Scholarship sebagai Pendekatan Komprehensif di Perusahaan/Organisasi
Authors: Effendy Nurlaila
Published: July 2017

The performance of an organization exists when each individual and team in the organization have productivities. The performance of an organization is commonly measured based on its tangible assets, i.e .: physical assets and financial capital. The performance of tangible assets depends on intagible assets (such as : image of company, brand, data base, and human resources). Intagible asseets are key factors to development of an organization. In this respect, an integrated system is a determinant to the performance of an organization. An integrated approach among Personal Balance Scorecard, Positive Organizational Scholarship, Positive Organizational Behavior and Integral Psychology will definitely strengthen the performance of an organization, and each organization has opportunities to develop as a positive organization. Each individual in an organization has vitality and experiences flows, while each organization may go flourishing.
Aquellos antiguos edificios. Acercamiento arqueológico a la arquitectura prehispánica tardía de Caspana
Authors: Adán Alfaro Leonor
Published: July 2017

Este trabajo expone la caracterización arquitectónica y la descripción de las excavaciones practicadas en sitios arqueológicos de los períodos Intermedio Tardío y Tardío de la localidad de Caspana, los cuales constituyen el objeto de estudio de esta investigación. Se trata de dos asentamientos de la población local, la Aldea Talikuna y la Estancia Mulorojte, y tres instalaciones incaicas de distinta naturaleza, Cerro Verde, Incahuasi-Inca y Vega Salada. A partir de ellos se analiza el papel de la arquitectura como materialidad para el dominio, apropiación e integración de los grupos humanos y los territorios de esta geografía, a la esfera política del Estado inca o Tawantinsuyu. Abstract This paper presents an architectural characterization and a brief description of the excavations made at the archaeological sites of the Late and Late Intermedíate periods from Caspana locality, which constitutes the study matter at the current research. They are two local settlements, the Aldea Talikuna and the Estancia Mulorojte, and three different nature inca instalations, Cerro Verde, Incahuasi-Inca y Vega Salada. We analize the architecture role like a materiality for the domain, appropriation and integration of people and territories from this geography to the inca State or Tawantinsuyu political sphere.