bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular system and COVID-19: perspectives from a developing country
Authors: Kunal Shekhar , Gupta Kashish , Sharma Shashi Mohan , Pathak Vijay , Mittal Shruti , Tarke Chandrakant
Published: May 2020

A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, thought to have originated from bats causes COVID-19 infection which was first reported from Wuhan, China in December 2019. This virus has a high infectivity rate and has impacted a significant chunk of the population worldwide. The spectrum of disease ranges from mild to severe with respiratory system being the most commonly affected. Cardiovascular system often gets involved in later stages of the disease with acute cardiac injury, heart failure and arrhythmias being the common complications. In addition, the presence of cardiovascular co-morbidities such as hypertension, coronary artery disease in these patients are often associated with poor prognosis. It is still not clear regarding the exact mechanism explaining cardiovascular system involvement in COVID-19. Multiple theories have been put forward however, more robust studies are required to fully elucidate the “heart and virus” link. The disease has already made its presence felt on the global stage and its impact in the developing countries is going to be profound. These nations not only have a poorly developed healthcare system but there is also a huge burden of cardiovascular diseases. As a result, COVID-19 would adversely impact the already overburdened healthcare network leading to impaired cardiovascular care delivery especially for acute coronary syndrome and heart failure patients.
Sports Medicine Staffing Patterns and Incidence of Injury in Collegiate Men's Ice Hockey
Authors: Baugh Christine M. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Kroshus Emily , Lanser Bailey L. , Lindley Tory R. , Meehan William P.
Published: May 2020

Context

The relative availability of clinicians as well as the types and training of health care providers have been associated with morbidity and mortality in non-athletic health care settings. Whether staffing variations are associated with injury incidence in collegiate athletes is unknown.

Objective

To evaluate whether the institutional ratio of athletes to athletic trainers (patient load) or the ratio of staff to nonstaff (graduate assistant and certified intern) athletic trainers or both is associated with the incidence of injuries sustained by male ice hockey athletes at the school.

Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's ice hockey teams.

Patients or Other Participants

Collegiate men's ice hockey athletes.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The NCAA Injury Surveillance Program collected data from collegiate men's ice hockey athletes. Staffing patterns were obtained through telephone interviews. Injury counts, injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures, and injury rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and compared between the following groups: (1) schools with high (versus low) patient load and (2) schools with high (versus low) ratio of staff to nonstaff (graduate assistant and certified intern) athletic trainers.

Results

Both the patient load and relative number of staff athletic trainers were associated with variations in the incidences and types of diagnosed injuries in male ice hockey players. Specifically, fewer injuries were diagnosed by clinicians at institutions with high patient loads. The rates of injury overall and non–time-loss injuries were lower in the high patient-load group. Time-loss injury rates, severe injury rates, concussion rates, and overall rates of injury during competition were greater in the group with a higher proportion of staff athletic trainers, whereas non–time-loss injury rates were lower.

Conclusions

In this study of collegiate men's ice hockey players, athlete health outcomes were directly related to the number and types of clinicians available. Future researchers should evaluate whether this finding extends beyond men's ice hockey.
Analisis Pengaruh Kesehatan Keuangan Bank Terhadap Kontribusi Sosial Bank Umum Syariah Indonesia
Authors: Andika Sandi
Published: May 2020

Pertumbuhan perbankan syariah pasca diterbitkannya Undang-undang Nomor 10 tahun 1998 sangat signifikan, yang sebelumnya hanya ada satu bank syariah yaitu BMI pada tahun 1992. Menjamurnya bank-bank syariah di tengah-tengah masyarakat muslim di Indonesia diharapkan mampu memberikan perubahan yang signifikan terhadap permasalahan yang melanda masyarakat Indonesia yaitu kemiskinan dan berbagai macam kesenjangan sosial lainnya. Dengan demikian, sebagai perbankan yang berbasis Islam, tentu seharusnya bank syariah memberikan keseimbangan antara prestasi bank syariah dalam hal ini diketahui melalui tingkat kesehatan bank syariah dengan kontribusi sosial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan keuangan bank syariah, kondisi kontribusi sosial bank syariah dan menganalisis keterpengaruhan antara kesehatan keuangan bank syariah dengan kontribusi sosial bank syariah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah 3 (tiga) bank umum syariah yaitu Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI), Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) dan Bank Mega Syariah Indonesia (BMSI). Periode penelitian ini selama 7 (tujuh) tahun dari tahun 2004 sampai 2010. Melalui analisis deskriptif diketahui bahwa secara umum kesehatan bank syariah dalam kondisi sehat dengan BMI mendapat nilai kredit tertinggi sebesar 97,14 selanjutnya BMSI dan BSM mendapat nilai kredit 89,31 dan 85,48. Sedangkan kontribusi sosial bank syariah secara umum dalam kondisi cukup baik, BSM mendapat nilai kredit tertinggi sebesar 71,85 selanjutnya BMSI dan BMI dengan masing-masing nilai kredit sebesar 68,35 dan 68,07. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi data panel dengan 3 (tiga) metode pendekatan yaitu Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (PLS), Fixed Effect Methode (FEM) dan Random Effect Methode (REM). Melalui pemilihan model dengan Chow Test dan Hausman Test dihasilkan model yang paling efektif adalah metode PLS. Berdasarkan metode PLS dilakukan uji t, diketahui bahwa variabel independen (kesehatan keuangan bank syariah) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependen (kontribusi sosial bank syariah) berdasarkan t-statistik 1,80 < t-tabel 2.09 pada tingkat signifikansi  = 5%. Koefesien determinasi R2 menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen kesehatan keuangan bank syariah mampu menjelaskan variasi kontribusi sosial bank syariah sebesar 14% sisanya sebesar 86% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain (error term) yang tidak dimasukkan didalam persamaan model ini.
Pengaruh Sistem Informasi Akuntansi (Komputerisasi Kegiatan Pertanahan) Terhadap Pencatatan Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak Pada Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Bengkalis
Authors: Angraini Dewi , Hendarsyah Decky
Published: May 2020

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Accounting Information Systems (Computerization of Land Activities) on the Registration of Records of Non-Tax State Revenues according to Government Regulation Number 128 of 2015. This research was conducted at the Land Office of Bengkalis Regency. Data collection was done by giving questionnaires as much as 30 copies, which were distributed to respondents who are civil servants and non-permanent employees at the Bengkalis land office using Purposive Sampling. The data obtained were then analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. The test results show that the Accounting Information System (computerization of land activities) has a positive and significant effect on the recording of non-tax state revenue at the Bengkalis Regency land office. The contribution of the independent variable to the dependent variable is 25.3% while the rest 74.7% is influenced by other variables.
Pengaruh Manajemen Laba Terhadap Perencanaan Biaya Modal Ekuitas Dengan Return On Assets (ROA) Sebagai Variabel Moderating Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di BEI
Authors: Hendri Zul , Nurhazana Desi
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah manajemen laba berpengaruh terhadap perencanaan biaya modal ekuitas pada Perusahaan Manufaktur periode 2013-2017 dan untuk mengetahui apakah Return On Assets (ROA) mampu memoderasi hubungan antara manajemen laba terhadap biaya modal ekuitas pada Perusahaan Manufaktur periode 2013-2017. Penelitian ini baru pertama dilakukan karena menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data laporan keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia sebagai data sekunder. Pengolahan data menggunakan program SMART PLS Versi 3.0. Data laporan keuangan yang digunakan adalah laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur dari tahun 2013-2017. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling sehingg sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 18 perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen laba berpengaruh terhadap perencaanaan biaya modal ekuitas dan Return On Assets (ROA) tidak mampu untuk memoderasi hubungan antara manajemen laba terhadap perencanaan biaya modal ekuitas.
Analisis Pengaruh Inflasi, Nilai Tukar Dan Bi Rate Terhadap Tabungan Mudharabah Pada Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia
Authors: Batubara Zakaria , Nopiandi Eko
Published: May 2020

This research aims to determine the effect of inflation, exchange rates, and the BI Rate on mudharabah savings in Islamic banking in Indonesia partially and simultaneously. This research is a quantitative study with time-series data. The data used in this study are secondary data. The population in this study is inflation data, the rupiah exchange rate, and the BI Rate and mudharabah savings. The population of Islamic banks in this study totalled 34 Islamic banks. The data analysis technique used in this study is the multiple regression analysis. Partially, inflation, exchange rates or the rupiah exchange rate and the BI Rate have a positive effect on mudharabah savings in Islamic banking in Indonesia. Simultaneously the inflation variable, the exchange rate or the rupiah exchange rate and the BI Rate have a significant effect on mudharabah savings in Islamic banking in Indonesia with an influence of 88.6%.
On Station Evaluation of Integrated Agriculture Aquaculture (IAA) on Yield of Potato
(Solanum Tuberosum) and Tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum).
Authors: Alemayehu Esayas , Wubie Alemayehu , Yimer Abelneh , Tigabu Yared
Published: May 2020

Evaluation of integrated agriculture aquaculture (IAA) was conducted on station
in the National Fisheries and Aquatic Life Research center (NFALRC), Sebeta.
In this trial the effect of irrigation with pond water and spring water and
application of inorganic fertilizer on yield and other parameters for Tomato
(Lycopersiconesculentum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) were evaluated
using randomized complete block design with three replications. Results show
that there is variation in total yield and marketable yield as well as clusters per
plant of tomato with plots treated with fertilizer having higher values. Among
examined parameters, only clusters per plant of tomato varied significantly
(P<0.05) among treatments. However, marketable yield and yield per plant did
not show significant variation (p>0.05) among treatments. Nevertheless, all
parameters in this trial did not show significant difference among treatments
(P>0.05). The results of this trial indicate that using pond water to irrigate
horticulture plots can partially replace the use of inorganic fertilizers thereby
reducing both cost and environmental effects.
Analysis of the Contribution of China’s Industrial Policies to Agriculture Sector
Authors: A. Sansa Nuhu
Published: May 2020

Recent different literature argued that China‟s agriculture sector contribution to
economic development is deteriorating. The agriculture sector contribution with
regard to Agriculture GDP contribution, agriculture employment, and foreign
exchange earnings were decreased. The present study is undertaken to investigate
the contribution of industrial policies to the Agriculture sector of China during
the period from 2007 to 2018. Simple regression model employed as a
methodology to investigate the contribution of industrial policies to the
agriculture sector in China during the period from 2007 to 2018. The data of all
agriculture macro-economic variables applied in this study (Economic openness,
Agriculture GDP, Agriculture Food Production, and Employment in Agriculture)
were collected from the World Bank for the whole period from 2007 to 2018. In
order to investigate the contribution of Industrial policies to the agriculture sector
in China, industrial policies were represented by the economic openness which
stands as independent variable, while agriculture GDP, Agriculture food
production and employment in agriculture were dependent variables in the study.
The information discovered in the study was in actual fact catching the attention.
Information discovered as a result of the investigation shows that relationship
between Economic openness and Agriculture GDP is Negative, While the
relationship between economic openness and other Agriculture macro-economic
variables (Agriculture Food Production and Agriculture Employment) is Positive
and meaningfully during the period from 2009 to 2018 in China. That means
Industrial policies had meaningful contribution to Agriculture Food production
and Agriculture Employment, While Industrial policies had no contribution to
Agriculture GDP during the period from 2009 to 2018 in China.
Appraising the Forensic Services in Crime Investigation: A Study on Police Officers
from Gamo Zone in SNNPR, Ethiopia
Authors: G Shunmuga Sundaram , R S Suresh Kumar , Cherga Taye , Yeneabat Dersolegn
Published: May 2020

Criminal investigation is an art of uncovering the truth for the purpose of
successful detection and prosecution. A successful and reliable investigation to
stand for the justice requires a competent investigator and the use of
technological aids from forensic and other scientific disciplines. This paper
investigates the common perception among the police officers at different
designation levels working in the Gamo region, SNNPR on the application of
forensic services in crime investigation.
The major objectives of this study are to a) Identify the level of awareness on
forensic service among the crime investigation officers and b) To identify the
lacunae in implementation of forensic services in crime investigation process.
The sample size of 70 police officers in all categories of Constable, SubInspector, Inspector, Deputy Commissioner in the Gama zonal region were
included as respondents of the study. A purposive sampling method was adopted
and structured questionnaire was used for the data collection. Statistical
interpolation of the results was done using SPSS software. This study identified
the lack of awareness among the police officers working in lower hierarchy level
(<50%) on various forensic services, specialized forensic divisions, and
application of forensic approaches during crime investigation. A positive
correlation was observed with respect to the designation of officers and the lack
of awareness among the police officers. Majority (<65%) of the police officers
were not aware of the existence of fingerprinting division in the country. There
exists a poor communication between key actors in the criminal justice system
and financial resources not directed at the front end of the forensic process. The
outcomes of this study would facilitate the identification of the lacunae in
implementation of forensic services in the crime investigation process. This study
emphasizes the need for immediate attention on managing the forensic illiteracy
among police officers, mainly on the field such as fingerprint analysis, criminal
investigation methods and cybercrime. It is the need of hour to promote the
establishment of forensic wing at Gamo zonal level law enforcement.
Convergências entre as políticas públicas nacionais de promoção do livro, leitura e bibliotecas sul-americanas e o ODS 4 da Agenda 2030: o que há por trás?
Authors: Camillo Everton da Silva , Castro Filho Claudio Marcondes de
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Identificar e mensurar as convergências existentes entre os objetivos de políticas públicas nacionais de promoção do livro, leitura e biblioteca sul-americanas e as dez metas que compõem o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) 4 (Educação de qualidade) da Agenda 2030.Método: O método Análise de Conteúdo, de Laurence Bardin, foi utilizado para objetivar a investigação, e aplicou-se a técnica de análise temática.Resultado:. Entende-se que formar profissionais para o mercado de trabalho não é uma ação que está no seu bojo. Compreende-se também que as políticas públicas analisadas privilegiam a educação de nível básico e relegam as perspectivas para a educação de níveis secundário e terciário no âmbito dos países sul-americanos, a quem pertencem as políticas públicas nacionais analisadas.Conclusões: Conclui-se que, no que se refere às forças, as políticas públicas analisadas estão fortemente ligadas às ações de educação e ao seu fomento na sociedade, bem como privilegiam a educação de nível básico e, ao que se entende na análise, as práticas pedagógicas contundentes para esse nível de educação formal. No entanto, as fraquezas percebidas no resultado dizem respeito a educação de níveis secundário e terciário. As políticas públicas de promoção do livro, leitura e bibliotecas sul-americanas analisadas distanciam-se da busca por competências e habilidades específicas para o mercado de trabalho, ligadas às educações técnica e profissional.
Uma introdução aos procedimentos numéricos do método diferenças finitas: um estudo do comportamento de vigas de fundação na engenharia civil
Authors: Neves Natan Sian
Published: May 2020

O processo de ensino-aprendizado nos cursos de engenharia, cada vez mais exige do binômio docente-discente uma contextualização prática entre fenômenos contidos em campo e os modelos e técnicas matemáticas. Desta forma, o vigente artigo objetiva a aplicação do método das diferenças finitas (MDF) como ferramenta pedagógica para solução e interpretação do modelo diferencial de viga sob base elástica, que busca elucidar simplificadamente o comportamento da viga de fundação em construções. A sequência metodológica de análise baseia-se na solução de três vigas simplesmente apoiadas com modelos de carregamentos distintos, onde se realizam investigações e extrapolações dos resultados em óticas distintas, transitando de análises como do campo de deslocamentos, diagramas de esforços internos, influência dos fatores de rigidez do solo e da viga. Para tanto, as respectivas soluções analíticas de cada caso são tomadas como referências de validação do método numérico. Em síntese, os experimentos numéricos apresentaram uma boa aderência com a solução analítica em relação ao comportamento do erro médio. Por fim, esta técnica juntamente com o entendimento físico do problema permite aos discentes uma visão global do fenômeno, permitindo uma amplificação em problemas de magnitude maior.
Visions of Greater Serbia: Local Dynamics and the Prijedor Genocide
Authors: Kovačević Damir
Published: May 2020

This article examines the process of genocide in the Prijedor municipality during the Bosnian civil war of the 1990s. In this article, genocide is understood as a dynamic and extraordinary phenomenon, which requires a subnational, or meso-level analysis, to capture the complexities of the case and to account for the shortcomings in the previous literature focusing mostly on the national-level. By narrowing the analysis to a more in-depth level, two explanatory factors help us understand the escalation and radicalization of violence to genocide: structural control and agency collaboration. Specifically, overwhelming political authority, territorial dominance, and a highly coordinated effort between national and local elites, brought the Greater Serbia goals to life, and accounted for the high-level of intensity and group-targeting witnessed in Prijedor.
"Currency is a Most Poisonous Tool": State Capitalism, Nonmarket Socialism, and the Elimination of Money during the Cambodian Genocide
Authors: Tyner James A
Published: May 2020

Between 1975 and 1979, the Communist Party of Kampuchea sought to establish a non-monetary and non-market economy. In the process, however, upwards of 1.7 million men, women, and children perished. This paper provides a critical evaluation of the CPK’s decision to eliminate money in its attempt to transform Cambodia’s pre-revolutionary economy into a communist mode of production. First, I provide some general remarks on Marx, money, and markets; the purpose here is to establish a common foundation for readers, in order to properly assess Khmer Rouge monetary policies with those of orthodox reading of Marxism. Second, I position CPK macro-economic policies within the context of the Non-Aligned Movement and revolutionary socialism, as these movements greatly informed economic policies in Democratic Kampuchea. Third, I comment upon the decision of senior CPK personnel on the elimination of money. Lastly, I evaluate the contradictions of CPK macro-economic policies, specifically, the suspension of money and markets domestically but the need to participate in the global economy in order to accumulate rapidly much needed capital for investment purposes. These contradictions, I conclude, established the structural context of the subsequent Cambodian genocide and the resulting famine that resulted in a massive loss of life.
A convolutional neural network for classifying cloud particles recorded by imaging probes
Authors: Touloupas Georgios , Lauber Annika , Henneberger Jan , Beck Alexander , Lucchi Aurélien
Published: May 2020

Abstract. During typical field campaigns, millions of cloud particle images are captured with imaging probes. Our interest lies in classifying these particles in order to compute the statistics needed for understanding clouds. Given the large volume of collected data, this raises the need for an automated classification approach. Traditional classification methods that require extracting features manually (e.g., decision trees and support vector machines) show reasonable performance when trained and tested on data coming from a unique dataset. However, they often have difficulties in generalizing to test sets coming from other datasets where the distribution of the features might be significantly different. In practice, we found that for holographic imagers each new dataset requires labeling a huge amount of data by hand using those methods. Convolutional neural networks have the potential to overcome this problem due to their ability to learn complex nonlinear models directly from the images instead of pre-engineered features, as well as by relying on powerful regularization techniques. We show empirically that a convolutional neural network trained on cloud particles from holographic imagers generalizes well to unseen datasets. Moreover, fine tuning the same network with a small number (256) of training images improves the classification accuracy. Thus, the automated classification with a convolutional neural network not only reduces the hand-labeling effort for new datasets but is also no longer the main error source for the classification of small particles.
Dust sputtering within the inner heliosphere
Authors: Baumann Carsten , Myrvang Margaretha , Mann Ingrid
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The aim of this study is to investigate how sputtering by impacting solar wind particles influence the lifetime of dust particles in the inner heliosphere near the Sun. We consider three typical dust materials: silicate, Fe0.4Mg0.6O and carbon and describe their sputtering yields based on atomic yields given by the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) package. The influence of the solar wind is characterized by plasma density, solar wind speed and solar wind composition and we assume for these parameters values that are typical for fast solar wind, slow solar wind and CME conditions to calculate the sputtering lifetimes of dust. To compare the sputtering lifetimes to typical sublimation lifetimes we use temperature estimates based on Mie calculations and material vapour pressure derived with the chemical equilibrium code MAGMA. We also compare the sputtering lifetimes to the Poynting-Robertson lifetime and to the collision lifetime. We present a set of sputtering rates and lifetimes that can be used for estimating dust destruction in the fast and slow solar wind and during CME conditions. Our results can be applied to solid particles of a few nm and larger. The sputtering lifetimes increase linearly with size of particles. We show that sputtering rates increase during CME conditions, primarily because of the high number densities of heavy ions in the CME plasma. The shortest sputtering lifetimes we find are for silicate, followed by Fe0.4Mg0.6O and carbon. In a comparison between sputtering and sublimation lifetimes we concentrate on the nanodust population. The comparison shows that sublimation is the faster destruction process within 0.1 AU for Fe0.4Mg0.6O, within 0.05 AU for carbon dust and within 0.07 AU for silicate dust. The destruction by sputtering can play a role in the vicinity of the Sun. We discuss our findings in the context of recent F-corona intensity measurements onboard Parker-Solar-Probe.
Conditional simulation of surface rainfall fields using modified phase annealing
Authors: Yan Jieru , Bárdossy András , Hörning Sebastian , Tao Tao
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The accuracy of quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) over a given region and period is of vital importance across multiple domains and disciplines. However, due to the intricate temporospatial variability and the intermittent nature of precipitation, it is challenging to obtain QPE with adequate accuracy. This paper aims to simulate rainfall fields while honoring both the local constraints imposed by the point-wise rain gauge observations and the global constraints imposed by the field measurements obtained from weather radar. The conditional simulation method employed in this study is modified phase annealing (PA), which is practically an evolution from the traditional simulated annealing (SA). Yet unlike SA, which implements perturbations in the spatial field, PA implements perturbations in Fourier space, making it superior to SA in many respects. PA is developed in two ways. First, taking advantage of the global characteristic of PA, the method is only used to deal with global constraints, and the local ones are handed over to residual kriging. Second, except for the system temperature, the number of perturbed phases is also annealed during the simulation process, making the influence of the perturbation more global at initial phases and decreasing the global impact of the perturbation gradually as the number of perturbed phases decreases. The proposed method is used to simulate the rainfall field for a 30 min event using different scenarios: with and without integrating the uncertainty of the radar-indicated rainfall pattern and with different objective functions.
Basin-scale multi-objective simulation-optimization modeling for conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater in northwest China
Authors: Song Jian , Yang Yun , Sun Xiaomin , Lin Jin , Wu Ming , Wu Jianfeng , Wu Jichun
Published: May 2020

Abstract. In the arid inland basins of China, the long-term unregulated agricultural
irrigation from surface water diversion and groundwater abstraction has
caused the unsustainability of water resources and the degradation of ecosystems.
This requires the integrated management of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) at basin scale to achieve scientific decisions which support sustainable water resource allocation in China. This study developed a novel multi-objective simulation-optimization (S-O) modeling framework. The
optimization framework integrated a new epsilon multi-objective memetic
algorithm (ε-MOMA) with a MODFLOW-NWT model to implement
real-world decision-making for water resource management while pondering
the complicated groundwater–lake–river interaction in an arid inland basin. Then the optimization technique was validated through the SW–GW management in Yanqi Basin (YB), a typical arid region with intensive agricultural irrigation in northwest China. The management model, involving the maximization of total water supply rate, groundwater storage, surface runoff inflow to the terminal lake, and the minimization of water delivery cost, was proposed to explore the trade-offs between socioeconomic and environmental factors. It is shown that the trade-off surface can be achieved in the four-dimensional objective space by optimizing spatial groundwater abstraction in the irrigation districts and surface water diversion in the river. The Pareto-optimal solutions avoid the prevalence of decision bias caused by the low-dimensional optimization formulation. Decision-makers are then able to identify their desired water management schemes with preferred objectives and achieve maximal socioeconomic and ecological benefits simultaneously. Moreover, three representative runoff scenarios in relation to climate change were specified to quantify the effect of decreasing river runoff on the water management in YB. Results show that runoff depletion would have a great negative impact on the management objectives. Therefore, the integrated SW and GW management is of critical importance for the fragile ecosystem in YB under changing climatic conditions.
A methodology to obtain model-error covariances due to the discretization scheme from the parametric Kalman filter perspective
Authors: Pannekoucke Olivier , Ménard Richard , El Aabaribaoune Mohammad , Plu Matthieu
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This contribution adresses the characterization of the model-error covariance matrix from the new theoretical perspective provided by the parametric Kalman filter method which approximates the covariance dynamics from the parametric evolution of a covariance model. The classical approach to obtain the modified equation of a dynamics is revisited to formulate a parametric diagnosis of the model-error covariance matrix. As an illustration, the particular case of the advection equation is considered as a simple test bed. After the theoretical derivation of both the forecast-error and the predictability-error covariance matrices, a numerical simulation is proposed which demonstrates the skill of the parametric methodology in reproducing the model-error covariance matrix information.
El enfoque de los mercados de trabajo segmentados: origen y evolución
Authors: Fernández Marín Ana María , Riquelme Perea Prudencio José , López Martínez María
Published: May 2020

La relevancia económica del trabajo ha supuesto que su mercado se haya analizado desde todas las corrientes económicas. Desde mediados del siglo pasado, marxistas, keynesianos, estructuralistas y, especialmente, institucionalistas y estructuralistas latinoamericanos, han rechazado con rotundidad las hipótesis sostenidas por los clásicos, construyendo con sus aportes el enfoque de los mercados de trabajo segmentados. Un robusto marco teórico que integra las visiones sistémicas del proceso económico, interpretando la realidad desde las instituciones, la cultura, la historia o el proceso de producción para explicar las diferencias en salarios y condiciones laborales entre trabajadores de un mismo espacio socioeconómico y en un mundo globalizado. Este artículo pretende presentar el profundo desarrollo de este enfoque heterodoxo que han permitido explicar las desigualdades que presentan los mercados de trabajo y los desafíos a los que se enfrenta en la actualidad.
Pathophysiological role of Atg5 in human ulcerative colitis
Authors: Ardali Razieh , Kazemipour Nasrin , Nazifi Saeed , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran , Razeghian Jahromi Iman , Sepehrimanesh Masood
Published: May 2020

Background/Aims: Ulcerative colitis (UC), along with Crohn’s disease, is one of the main types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). On the other hand, deregulated autophagy is involved in many chronic diseases, including IBD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Atg5 and microRNA-181a (miR-181a) in the pathophysiology of UC. Methods: Colon biopsy, stool, and blood samples of 6 men and 9 women were confirmed for UC. Also, 13 men and 17 women were selected as healthy control (HC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the Atg-5 content of the colon biopsies. Besides, the serum and stool levels of Atg5 were measured using ELISA. Moreover, the total RNA of blood cells was extracted and evaluated for the expression of miR-181a.Results: We found 1.2 ng/mL versus 0.46 ng/mL, 0.34 ng/mL versus 0.24 ng/mL, and 0.082 ng/mL versus 0.062 ng/mL of Atg5 in stool, intestinal tissue, and serum of UC and HCs, respectively. There was no significant difference in the expression of miR-181a in the blood samples of UC and HCs. Immunohistochemistry showed high positivity without any significant difference between the 2 groups in the quantitative analysis.Conclusions: The significant difference observed between the stool Atg5 content of the HCs and UC patients may provide new insight into using this protein as a diagnostic biomarker, however, considering the small size of our studied population further studies are needed.
Alcance de la calidad de vida en atención médica
Authors: Páez Gustavo , Lopez Gabeiras Pilar , Moreno D'Anna Milagros
Published: May 2020

La expresión calidad de vida tiene un uso cada vez más generalizado en la práctica biomédica, sobre todo en situaciones de final de la vida. La experiencia demuestra que, muchas veces, esa expresión se emplea con alcances muy diversos, en ocasiones contrapuestos. En el presente artículo se exponen los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica que muestra tlas diferentes posturas y se propone una delimitación del tema. El análisis compara los términos “calidad de vida”, “dignidad humana” y “valor de la vida humana”.
Aspectos éticos relacionados con la atención de enfermería en personas en situación de discapacidad: un análisis cualitativo
Authors: Campillay Campillay Maggie , Rivas Edith , Dubó-Araya Pablo , Calle-Carrasco Ana
Published: May 2020

Este estudio tiene como propósito describir aspectos éticos relacionados con la atención de enfermería en personas con discapacidad, población considerada socialmente vulnerable y reconocida en condiciones de desigualdad. Corresponde a una primera fase de estudio primario realizado en la región de Atacama, Chile, que utilizó metodología cualitativa y análisis de contenido. Se realizan entrevistas a profesionales de enfermería respetando los criterios éticos de Ezekiel Emanuel. Los principales hallazgos dan cuenta de las categorías ontológicas: razonamiento moral, sistema de valores, modelo de relación enfermera-paciente, consecuencias de la acción ética de enfermería, estrategias para superar conflictos morales y barreras en el cuidado. Se concluye que cuidar personas con discapacidad es fuente de dilema y angustia moral para los profesionales de enfermería, especialmente cuando se trata de sujetos con discapacidad sensitiva o cognitiva. El modelo médico paternalista predomina en el contexto clínico, lo que limita el derecho a la autonomía de las personas con discapacidad. A los valores morales tradicionales promovidos por los profesionales de enfermería se suman valores instrumentales como la eficiencia. No se mencionan valores cívicos considerados fundamentales ante el desafío de la diversidad humana y la vida en democracia.
Factors Hindering Class Attendance: Views of University Accounting Students
Authors: Wally-Dima Lillian , Mbekomize Christian John , Nametsegang Alicia
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the factors that hinder University accounting students from attending classes on a regular basis. A survey instrument comprising of factors that impede class attendance - adopted from prior studies and modified- was administered to the second, third and the fourth year students doing accounting courses. Descriptive statistics were computed and Independent sample T-tests were performed to measure how statistically significant different the views of students from different years of study were. The results of the study suggest that studying for other tests, uploading of lecture materials to ICT platforms, failure to do the necessary reading in advance of class, working on the project which is due on the same day of a class, lack of proper time management and failure to properly allocate time to school activities are among the ten key factors responsible for class non-attendance. Other hindrances to class attendance include having many lecturers to attend in a day, transport problems to school, lack of personal motivation and a long time lag between classes. In addition, the results reveal that majority of respondents assess their class attendance to be satisfactory; and there is no evidence to indicate that type of course, gender and accommodation status are among the causes of differences in class attendance. Also the results suggest that the higher the levels of study the more the number of factors are considered hindrances to class attendance. These results have implications to students, lecturers, tertiary institutions and sponsors who in one way or the other can devise means to mitigate the problem of class absenteeism.
Inclusive Teaching Practices, Minimizing Violence and Enhancing Learning in the Cameroonian School Melieu
Authors: Agbor Tabe Nicoline , Evangeline Agwa Fomukong Seino
Published: May 2020

This paper investigated Inclusive Teaching Practices by English Language instructors and its role in minimizing violence and enhancing learning in the classroom. Through the use of a questionnaire strategy and using well-known principles of Rogers’ client-centred therapy and Inclusive school theory of Mel Ainscow and Tony Booth, data was designed and administered to English language instructors in some three secondary schools (GBHS Bafang, GBHS Bamenda and GTHS Maroua) randomly selected from three regions in Cameroon which had generated discussion on the subject matter. Findings revealed that most English language instructors have never participated in workshops or career development courses on special needs education, inclusive teaching and differentiation and so, have not acquired the competence needed in inclusive teaching. Further findings showed that, most teaching is not inclusive, humanistic and holistic and thus creates tension, frustration, isolation, humiliation and no sense of belonging of students with impairments. Such environment breathes hatred, hate speech and violence. Recommendations have been made to the ministries of Education in Cameroon, teachers’ training colleges, school administrators and teachers to redress the situation.
”Du måste ha en röd spade”: Tricksters, minipolitik och sociala relationer i förskolan
Authors: Bartholdsson Åsa , Kronlund Mari
Published: May 2020

I centrum för denna artikel finner vi fyra fyraåriga barn inbegripna i en aktivitet som inte är omedelbart styrd av vuxna, och där ett anslutande barn nekas tillträde till den aktivitet som tre av dem redan har initierat. Artikelns syfte är att belysa den komplexitet som präglar barnens strävan att upprätthålla, respektive utmana, en aktivitets exklusivitet inom ramen för en övergripande institutionskontext präglad av normer för god lek och inkluderande ideal. Fokus i analysen ligger på hur barnen, som kompetenta sociala och kulturella aktörer, ramar in och (re)kontextualiserar den pågående aktiviteten och dess relationer. Av artikeln framgår att barnen, som gränsöverskridande tricksters, navigerar såväl utanför som mellan och inom flera samordnade och samtidiga inramningar, kontextualiseringar och normer i en politisk handling som både utgör ett motstånd mot, och reproducerar den institutionella sociala ordningen. Artikeln bygger på videoetnografiskt fältarbete på en svensk förskola.
Betydningen av språkmiljøet hjemme for barnehagebarns andrespråklæring
Authors: Hofslundengen Hilde , Bøyum Sigrid , Haukedal Kjersti Sandnes
Published: May 2020

Hensikten med studien var å undersøke sammenhenger mellom språklige hjemmemiljø og flerspråklige barnehagebarns andrespråkferdigheter. Utvalget bestod av 71 barn med norsk som andrespråk (gjennomsnittsalder: 5,2 år; 33 jenter og 38 gutter). Språklig hjemmemiljø ble undersøkt med spørreskjema til foreldrene, mens andrespråkferdighetene ble undersøkt ved hjelp av et testbatteri. Resultatene viste signifikante sammenhenger mellom andrespråkvokabular, narrative ferdigheter og fonembevissthet. Det var stor variasjon i hvor mye foreldrene leste for barna og hvor mange barnebøker de hadde hjemme. I halvparten av hjemmene leste de høyt på begge språk, noe som hadde signifikant positiv sammenheng med barnas andrespråkvokabular og fonembevissthet. Foreldrenes utdanning hadde sammenheng med tid til høytlesing og antall barnebøker på førstespråket. Barnas alder, men ikke kjønn, korrelerte med andrespråkferdighetene. Samlet viser resultatene at høytlesing hjemme påvirker fonembevissthet, men at det som sterkest predikerte barnas andrespråkferdigheter var hvor lenge barna hadde gått i barnehage.
Organisering av föräldrasamverkan i ett ojämlikhetsperspektiv
Authors: Rapp Anna
Published: May 2020

Föräldrars socioekonomiska bakgrund har stor betydelse för hur väl barn tillägnar sig sin skolgång. Ett av skolans uppdrag är att bidra till jämlik utbildning och att utjämna social ojämlikhet. Detta förväntas bland annat ske genom ett samarbete mellan skola och hem. I ett neoinstitutionellt perspektiv kan man betrakta skolor som organisationer som påverkas av normsystem i sin omgivning. På så vis kommer de normer som finns i skolornas upptagningsområde att påverka hur de organiserar sin verksamhet. Föräldrasamverkan är en av många företeelser som kräver den typen av organisering. Den här studien visar att skolor i hög grad påverkas av sin institutionella omgivning när det handlar om samarbete mellan skola och hem. Det är stora skillnader mellan en utvald norsk och finsk kommun, men också mellan skolor belägna i utsatta områden och skolor i mer priviligierade områden. En generell trend mot kundorientering förstärker skillnaderna i hur samverkan hanteras, speciellt den norska kontexten.
Från den omogna sexåringen till den skolpliktiga förskoleklasseleven – en dokumentanalys av sexåringen i det svenska utbildningslandskapet från 1940-tal till idag
Authors: Ackesjö Helena , Persson Sven
Published: May 2020

Denna studie analyserar hur framställningen av det sexåriga barnet har förändrats genom historien, beroende på hur samhället har hanterat frågor om skolplikt, sexåringens skolmognad och skolstart. Policydokument från 1940-talet fram till 2017 har analyserats med hjälp av begreppen subjektifiering och kvalificering. Policydiskurser formulerar mening och sanningar om barnet men ger också en indikation på vad som är problemen och hur dessa problem ska lösas. Policydiskurser innehåller också ekonomiska argument och formulerar den roll som utbildning spelar i att förbereda barn och unga för framtida utbildning och arbetsliv. Vi svarar på frågorna: vem är sexåringen i policydokumenten och vad ska sexåringen kvalificeras för genom utbildning? Resultaten visar att det sker en förskjutning från beskrivningar av den omogna sexåringen till den presterande och skolpliktiga eleven. I början av tidsperioden formuleras diskurser om det omogna och problematiska barnet som inte förväntats klara av att passera nålsögat för att bli insläppt i skolan. Runt millennieskiftet sker dock ett diskursivt brott då barnets förutsättningar hamnar i förgrunden. Problemet kom då istället att handla om hur skolan ska anpassas till det kompetenta barnets individuella förutsättningar. Perioden är dock kort, och en bit in på 2010-talet är det återigen den skolpliktiga, presterande och mätbara eleven som förväntas anpassa sig till statens krav. Denna förskjutning kan sättas i en global kontext som framhäver konkurrens, kunskapseffektivitet och ekonomiska incitament för skolarisering.
POLUIÇÃO ATMOSFÉRICA ASSOCIADA AO MATERIAL PARTICULADO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: ANÁLISE BASEADA EM DADOS DE SATÉLITE
Authors: Araujo Julia Manfredini de , Rosário Nilton Manuel Évora do
Published: May 2020

A poluição atmosférica gerada pelas atividades antrópicas afeta tanto o equilíbrio climático quanto a qualidade do ar. O Material Particulado (MP) é reconhecidamente o poluente atmosférico com maior impacto na saúde humana. No estado de São Paulo, as principais fontes de MP são as emissões veiculares, nas áreas urbanas, e a queima de biomassa, nas áreas rurais. Com o objetivo de mitigar a poluição nas áreas rurais, em 2007 foi assinado o protocolo agroambiental entre o estado de São Paulo e o setor sucroalcooleiro, o qualtrata da redução e da eliminação gradual do uso da queima como prática de colheita de cana até 2017. A análise da tendência nos níveis dos poluentes atmosféricos no estado é fundamental para a avaliação dos resultados do protocolo. Entretanto, apesar de apresentar a maior rede de monitoramentode qualidade do ar no Brasil, São Paulo não tem monitoramento da poluição atmosférica na maioria dos seus municípios. Nesse contexto, visando avaliar o impacto do protocolo agroambiental, o presente estudo analisou a distribuição espacial e temporal da profundidade óptica do aerossol (AOD) no estado entreos anos de 2007 (quando o protocolo foi assinado) e 2017. AOD é um indicador óptico da abundância do MP na atmosfera, derivado das medidas de radiância espectral do sensor MODIS a bordo do satélite Terra. Os resultados revelaram que, quando a influência do transporte de fumaça das regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste do Brasil é removida, os dados de satélite identificam adequadamente as regiões mais poluídas no estado: as áreas metropolitanas de São Paulo, de Campinas e da Baixada Santista e as porções central e norte, que são dominadas pelas plantações de cana-de-açúcar. Em relação à tendência depoluição, nas áreas a oeste e noroeste do estado, onde ocorreu expansão do cultivo de cana nos últimos anos, apesar das limitações impostas para queima pelo protocolo agroambiental, observou-se tendência significativa de aumento da poluição. Já nas áreas de tradicional cultivo de cana, nas porçõescentro e norte do estado, embora se tenha percebido tendência de redução da poluição associada ao MP, ela não foi significativa.
NANOPARTICLES IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS – FROM PRODUCTION TO WATER TREATMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: Machado Aline Belem , Feksa Luciane Rosa , Osorio Daniela Montanari Migliavacca , Berlese Daiane Bolzan
Published: May 2020

Investments in nanotechnology are increasing together with its application in daily products. The use of nanomaterials leads to their release in the environment and the contamination of rivers, which can cause toxicity to the aquatic biota and human beings. Nanomaterials are present in rivers of several countries. However, the detection of nanomaterials in river samples is difficult, so probabilistic methods are being developed to determine their concentration in aquatic environments. Fortunately, water treatments have proven to be effective in removing these nanomaterials. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe the many pathways that nanoparticles can follow from their production to their final destination, along with their possible detection and toxicity, based on the search of manuscripts from ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Periódicos Capes databases.