bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eosinophil crystalloid granules: structure, function, and beyond
Authors: Muniz Valdirene S , Weller Peter F , Neves Josiane S
Published: June 2012

Review of eosinophil crystalloid granules as rich sites of a variety of receptors that may play a role in the signaling and secretory processes of the eosinophil.

Eosinophils are granulocytes associated with host defense against parasitic helminths with allergic conditions and more recently, with immunoregulatory responses. Eosinophils are distinguished from leukocytes by their dominant population of cytoplasmic crystalloid (also termed secretory, specific, or secondary) granules that contain robust stores of diverse, preformed cationic proteins. Here, we provide an update on our knowledge about the unique and complex structure of human eosinophil crystalloid granules. We discuss their significance as rich sites of a variety of receptors and review our own recent research findings and those of others that highlight discoveries concerning the function of intracellular receptors and their potential implications in cell signaling. Special focus is provided on how eosinophils might use these intracellular receptors as mechanisms to secrete, selectively and rapidly, cytokines or chemokines and enable cell-free extracellular eosinophil granules to function as independent secretory structures. Potential roles of cell-free eosinophil granules as immune players in the absence of intact eosinophils will also be discussed.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Primary Versus Metastatic Colorectal Carcinomas
Authors: Vakiani Efsevia , Janakiraman Manickam , Shen Ronglai , Sinha Rileen , Zeng Zhaoshi , Shia Jinru , Cercek Andrea , Kemeny Nancy , D'Angelica Michael , Viale Agnes , Heguy Adriana , Paty Philip , Chan Timothy A. , Saltz Leonard B. , Weiser Martin , Solit David B.
Published: June 2012

Purpose

To compare the mutational and copy number profiles of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) using both unpaired and paired samples derived from primary and metastatic disease sites.

Patients and Methods

We performed a multiplatform genomic analysis of 736 fresh frozen CRC tumors from 613 patients. The cohort included 84 patients in whom tumor tissue from both primary and metastatic sites was available and 31 patients with pairs of metastases. Tumors were analyzed for mutations in the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and TP53 genes, with discordant results between paired samples further investigated by analyzing formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and/or by 454 sequencing. Copy number aberrations in primary tumors and matched metastases were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).

Results

TP53 mutations were more frequent in metastatic versus primary tumors (53.1% v 30.3%, respectively; P < .001), whereas BRAF mutations were significantly less frequent (1.9% v 7.7%, respectively; P = .01). The mutational status of the matched pairs was highly concordant (> 90% concordance for all five genes). Clonality analysis of array CGH data suggested that multiple CRC primary tumors or treatment-associated effects were likely etiologies for mutational and/or copy number profile differences between primary tumors and metastases.

Conclusion

For determining RAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutational status, genotyping of the primary CRC is sufficient for most patients. Biopsy of a metastatic site should be considered in patients with a history of multiple primary carcinomas and in the case of TP53 for patients who have undergone interval treatment with radiation or cytotoxic chemotherapies.
Imagining a Space That Is Outside
Authors: Cevasco Maria Elisa
Published: June 2012

Fredric Jameson, in dialogue with his Brazilian translator Maria Elisa Cevasco, begins this interview by discussing his earliest influences: Jean-Paul Sartre, G. W. F. Hegel, Karl Marx, structuralism, dialectics, and psychoanalysis. Prompted by Cevasco, Jameson revisits his most famous categorical inventions: the political unconscious, transcoding, and cognitive mapping. Discussing the global situation today, he suggests that because of its location on the outside, a Third World power such as Brazil enjoys an epistemological advantage over the United States, which rarely thinks of its own outside and therefore has difficulties with cognitive mapping. The much needed counterweight to American power will have to come from the superior vantage point of such an outside position. Addressing the problematic of representation, the conjunction between art and politics, and the importance of periodization, Jameson describes his ongoing project: a grouping of books called “The Poetics of Social Forms.” This series actually culminates with his previous books Postmodernism and A Singular Modernity, and, as Jameson moves backward in time, will be preceded with three new volumes on realism, allegory, and myth. He describes his own cultural analysis as an attempt to uncover the contradictory situations that produced solutions in the form of culture, literature, art, philosophy, technology, politics, or history. He attributes the famous difficulty of his sentences to their trying to make connections among all kinds of problems, situations, or contradictions.
The Hollywood Novelization: Film as Literature or Literature as Film Promotion?
Authors: Mahlknecht Johannes
Published: June 2012

Hollywood movie novelizations are novels based on mainstream films and published about the time these films are released in theaters. The present article explores the ambiguous status of this generally little-esteemed and frequently ignored form of adaptation. On the one hand, novelizations are works of literature that can be enjoyed without knowledge of the film they are based on; on the other, they can be (and often are) seen as mere tools of film advertising. This latter aspect becomes particularly evident when looking at the cover design of a novelization. It invariably features the film’s artwork (the poster image, stills, and/or typography used for promoting the film) and frequently highlights the film’s stars rather than the book’s author. By analyzing a selection of book covers of novelized versions of recent films and comparing the novelization of Terminator Salvation (Foster 2009b) with the film (Terminator Salvation 2009, dir. McG) it is based on, the article traces and examines the frictions between the opposing forces—literature and film marketing—that define the genre.
A zebrafish Notum homolog specifically blocks the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Flowers G. Parker , Topczewska Jolanta M. , Topczewski Jacek
Published: June 2012

Multiple developmental processes require tightly controlled Wnt signaling, and its misregulation leads to congenital abnormalities and diseases. Glypicans are extracellular proteins that modulate the Wnt pathway. In addition to interacting with Wnts, these glycosophosphotidylinositol (GPI)-anchored, heparan-sulfate proteoglycans bind ligands of several other signaling pathways in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In Drosophila, Notum, a secreted α/β-hydrolase, antagonizes the signaling of the prototypical Wnt Wingless (Wg), by releasing glypicans from the cell surface. Studies of mammalian Notum indicate promiscuous target specificity in cell culture, but the role of Notum in vertebrate development has not been studied. Our work shows that zebrafish Notum 1a, an ortholog of mammalian Notum, contributes to a self-regulatory loop that restricts Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Notum 1a does not interact with Glypican 4, an essential component of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Our results suggest a surprising specific role of Notum in the developing vertebrate embryo.
The Prdm family: expanding roles in stem cells and development
Authors: Hohenauer Tobias , Moore Adrian W.
Published: June 2012

Members of the Prdm family are characterized by an N-terminal PR domain that is related to the SET methyltransferase domain, and multiple zinc fingers that mediate sequence-specific DNA binding and protein-protein interactions. Prdm factors either act as direct histone methyltransferases or recruit a suite of histone-modifying enzymes to target promoters. In this way, they function in many developmental contexts to drive and maintain cell state transitions and to modify the activity of developmental signalling pathways. Here, we provide an overview of the structure and function of Prdm family members and discuss the roles played by these proteins in stem cells and throughout development.
Theoretical Study on the Photocyclization Mechanism of Diarylethenes with Transition-Metal Substituents
Authors: Hatakeyama Makoto , Yokojima Satoshi , Shinoda Keiko , Koike Takashi , Akita Munetaka , Nakamura Shinichiro
Published: June 2012

Photocyclization mechanism through 3ππ* excited states of metal-containing diarylethene (DAE) ([Fe(Cp)(CO)2]2–DAE (1) and [Fe(Cp)(CO)(PPh3)]2–DAE (2)) is analyzed by using time-dependent density functional theory, to elucidate why the ratio of the open- and closed-ring isomer at the photostationary state depends on the metal-coordinated ligands. Since the 1CT excited states exist at low energy level, the direct 1ππ* cyclization is difficult for the two DAEs. Therefore, the cyclization through triplet states is examined. At the Franck–Condon state for the open-ring isomer of DAEs, the 3CT excited states are the lowest lying triplet excited states instead of the 3ππ* excited states. Therefore, the potential energy curves of the ground and excited states of 1 and 2 are obtained along their cyclization path. The singlet excited states of 1 and 2 are quite similar. In contrast, the potential crossings between 3ππ* and 3CT excited states along the cyclization path make a difference for the two DAEs. In addition, we found that the spin–orbit coupling in the open-ring isomer of 1 is much larger than those in that of 2. The experimental result is thus explained by the triplet cyclization mechanism based on the potential energy curves as well as the spin–orbit couplings.
Equilibrium and Kinetic Adsorption of Organic Compounds onto Organobentonite: Application of a Surface Diffusion Model
Authors: Ocampo-Pérez Raúl , Leyva-Ramos Roberto , Padilla-Ortega Erika
Published: June 2012

The equilibrium and kinetic adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB), Methyl Blue (MTB) and 1-naphthalene sulphonic acid (NSA) onto organobentonite was investigated. The effect of pH on the adsorption capacity was studied by determining the adsorption isotherm over the pH range 3–12. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity at 25 °C of the organobentonite towards the removal of the compounds studied occurred at pH = 3 for MTB and NSA and at pH = 11 for MB. The experimental adsorption rate data were interpreted via a diffusional model that considered the external mass transport, intra-particle diffusion and adsorption onto an active site, intra-particle diffusion being considered as both pore volume and surface diffusion. The surface diffusion model fitted the experimental data quite well, thereby indicating that the overall rate of adsorption was controlled by surface diffusion. Furthermore, the surface diffusion coefficient increased by augmenting the mass of MB, MTB and NSA adsorbed at equilibrium. In addition, the surface diffusion model was used to interpret experimental data cited in the literature, thereby showing that surface diffusion plays an important role in the adsorption of organic compounds onto organoclays.
Adsorption of Chondroitin Sulphate a onto Zirconia Nanoparticles
Authors: Nukatsuka Isoshi , Yamane Hirotatsu
Published: June 2012

The adsorption equilibria between chondroitin sulphate A (CSA), a polyanionic biopolymer, and zirconium(IV) dioxide (zirconia) nanoparticles were investigated to characterize the extraction of CSA using the metal oxide. Adsorption isotherms were prepared using sample solutions adjusted to pH values in the range 1.5–7.8, employing various buffer systems, NaCl concentrations and temperatures. The maximum amounts of CSA adsorbed, nam, and the adsorption constants, KL, were calculated from non-linear curve fits to the Langmuir adsorption model. The buffer components suppressed CSA adsorption to varying degrees; however, the reversibility of the adsorption equilibria improved in the presence of the buffers, as indicated by the large values of KL and the small standard deviations. The temperature-dependent adsorption properties showed that a large nam value was obtained at 318 K. The extraction of glycosaminoglycans with zirconia was optimal in the presence of acetate ions and at high temperatures, and subsequent desorption was achieved using a NaH2PO4 eluent solution.
Synthesis and Properties of Cellulose-Based Macroporous Adsorbents
Authors: Qi Xin , Yu Chaosheng
Published: June 2012

Macroporous adsorbents have received great attention because of their applications in many fields such as the isolation and purification of drugs, proteins, organic pollutants and metal ions. Here, we report the synthesis and properties of cross-linked macroporous adsorbents based on cellulose. Cellulose was activated by introducing epoxy groups and then cross-linked with hexanedioyl chloride. The resultant macroporous adsorbent was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The water uptake, degree of swelling, bulk density, apparent density, true density, degree of porosity, pore volume, average pore diameter and specific surface area of the adsorbent were measured. Static and dynamic adsorption experiments indicated that data arising from the adsorption of rutin could be fitted by the Freundlich adsorption equation. The effects of the feed concentration of rutin, feed flow rate and ethanol concentration on the adsorption behaviour were investigated, allowing the optimized adsorption conditions to be obtained. The results reported indicate that the synthesized cellulose-based cross-linked macroporous adsorbent was effective in the adsorption of rutin.
Non-Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cylindrical Mesoporous Materials: Influence of the Surfactant/Silica Molar Ratio
Authors: Barrera Deicy , Villarroel-Rocha Jhonny , Marenco Luis , Oliva Marcos I. , Sapag Karim
Published: June 2012

Ordered mesoporous materials of MCM-41 and SBA-15 type were synthesized under non-hydrothermal conditions using different molar ratios of surfactant/silica, ranging from 0.07 to 0.27 for MCM-41 and from 0.009 to 0.021 for SBA-15. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K were used to evaluate the specific surface areas, with values up to 1450 m2/g and 1100 m2/g being obtained for MCM-41 and SBA-15, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to study the morphology of the materials. The sizes of the primary mesopores and the pore thicknesses were assessed by a geometrical method using X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption data. The results for the pore sizes were compared with those obtained by a recently reported method (VBS-method) and the Non-Local Density Functional Theory (NLDFT) model, both proposed to evaluate the pore-size distribution of these materials. It was found that, under the synthesis conditions, the surfactant/silica molar ratio had an important effect on the final characteristics of these materials.
Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of the Adsorption of Cr(III) Ions onto Amberlite XAD-8 Impregnated with Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphoric Acid (DEHPA)
Authors: Ciopec Mihaela , Davidescu Corneliu Mircea , Negrea Adina , Muntean Cornelia , Popa Adriana , Negrea Petru , Lupa Lavinia
Published: June 2012

The adsorption performance of Amberlite XAD-8 impregnated with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA) in the process of Cr(III) ion removal from aqueous solutions was examined. The equilibrium adsorption data were well described by the Langmuir model. The values of the dimensional separation factor, RL, indicated favourable adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of the DEHPA-impregnated XAD-8 material was 5.64 mg Cr(III) ion/g. The kinetics of the adsorption process were best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The variation in the extent of adsorption with temperature was used to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters for the process. The values of ΔH0 and ΔG0 obtained showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption activation energy also showed that the process was endothermic.
Wind Energy Potential Assessment as Power Generation Source in Ubonratchathani Province, Thailand
Authors: Unchai Thitipong , Janyalertadun Adun , Holdø Arne Erik
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the hourly measured wind speed data for years 2008–2010 at 10 m, 30 m and 40 m height for Ubonratchathani province in kingdom of Thailand have been statically analyzed to determine the potential of wind power generation. Weibull distribution parameters have been estimated and compared annually and on monthly bases using two methods; the graphical method and the another method, designated in this paper as approximated method, which depends on the standard deviation and average wind speed. The average annual wind power density was found to be 19.13 W/m2 for 10 m height, 83.14 W/m2 for 30 m height and 91.45 W/m2 for 40 m height. Weibull probability function, using Weibull parameters estimated from the approximated method, has shown to provide more accurate prediction of average wind speed and average power density than the graphical method. In addition, the monthly and annual variations of capacity factors have been studied to ensure optimum selection of wind turbine generators.
A Modified Streamtube Model for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: Keinan Moti
Published: June 2012

This work introduces a modified double-multiple streamtube model for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) that takes into account some parameters that were neglected till now. For example, the model considers the directions of the flow, rather than assuming that the flow is parallel to the free-wind. Also a formulation is established to calculate the effect of inclination of the blades in any direction. The modifications are facilitated by considering the momentum conservation in a direction perpendicular to the force (which was abandoned in the traditional models). The model results are compared to other models and to experimental results with a fair agreement.
Transient Stability Improvement of a Squirrel Cage Induction Generator in Wind Farm Using STATCOM with Supercapacitor
Authors: Vanitha V. , Devarajan N.
Published: June 2012

The increasing demand for electric power combined with depleting natural resources has led to the substantial improvements in the usage of renewable energy systems such as wind and solar especially among the developing countries. Today, wind turbine deployment shows the fastest growth both nationally and globally. Wind Electric Generators (WEG) were earlier used for isolated power supplies especially in remote locations and rural areas. In recent times, grid-connected wind electricity generation shows the highest rate of growth, achieving global annual growth rates in the order of 20–28%. According to World Wind Energy report 2010, published by World Wind Energy Association, Germany, worldwide installed capacity of wind energy reached 196630 MW out of which 37642 MW were added in 2010. Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG) is the most used generator type for WEGs One of the major issues concerning SCIG coupled to wind turbine is voltage instability problem when it is interconnected with grid. It occurs in a power system when the reactive power demand by SCIG during grid faults and heavy loading conditions is not met by the capacitor banks installed near SCWEG. This paper examines the use of STATCOM (STATic synchronous COMpensator) with Super Capacitor Energy Storage System (SCESS) to improve power quality of SCIG in the event of any unbalanced or balanced fault in the grid. Simulation is done in MATLAB SIMULINK for various conditions. Due to the fast response of supercapacitor in developing the counterbalancing electromagnetic torque, shaft acceleration is prevented and the transient stability of SCIG is increased so that it can meet the new interconnection grid code requirements. Further it is observed that the settling time of SCIG after the fault clearance is also reduced. System transients are suppressed and normal conditions are quickly restored with STATCOM and supercapacitor.
Grid-Connected Induction Generators Using Delta-Star Switching of the Stator Winding with a Permanently Connected Capacitor
Authors: Raja P. , Kumaresan N. , Subbiah M.
Published: June 2012

The delta-star switching proposed earlier for grid-connected induction generators has been modified to include a permanently connected capacitor across each phase winding of the stator of the generator. It has been shown that, with this capacitor addition, operating the generator in delta and star connections respectively at higher and lower wind speeds further reduces the reactive power taken by the generator from the grid. Moreover, such switchings do not cause any current harmonics in the supply lines. Test results on a 3-phase, 4-pole, 415 V, 50 Hz, 3.3 kW generator validate such advantages of the proposed scheme, apart from the simplicity of the switching controller involving only five sets of anti-parallel thyristors. The method of choosing a suitable value for the capacitor has also been illustrated. The superiority of proposed scheme, compared to the other single speed schemes of wind driven induction generators, has also been demonstrated through a case study carried out on a 400 V, 250 kW generator, using a typical annual wind data. Any further improvement in grid side power factor can be achieved by employing a STATCOM of reduced VAR rating.
Public Responses to Co2 Storage Sites: Lessons from Five European Cases
Authors: Oltra Christian , Upham Paul , Riesch Hauke , Boso Àlex , Brunsting Suzanne , Dütschke Elisabeth , Lis Aleksandra
Published: June 2012

Studies of the factors involved in public perceptions of CO2 storage projects reveal a level of complexity and diversity that arguably confounds a comprehensive theoretical account. To some extent, a conceptual approach that simply organises the relevant social scientific knowledge thematically, rather than seeking an integrated explanation, is as useful as any single account that fails to do justice to the contingencies involved. This paper reviews and assembles such knowledge in terms of six themes and applies these themes to five European cases of carbon capture and storage (CCS) implementation. We identify the main factors involved in community responses to CCS as relating to: The characteristics of the project; the engagement process; risk perceptions; the actions of the stakeholders; the characteristics of the community, and the socio-political context.
Could Climate Change Limit Water Availability for Coal-Fired Electricity Generation with Carbon Capture and Storage? A UK Case Study
Authors: Naughton Meleesa , Darton Richard C. , Fung Fai
Published: June 2012

Anticipatory adaptation to climate change requires the impact of future changes in water availability to be investigated prior to deployment of low-carbon electricity generation infrastructure. Here we investigate whether climate change may limit water availability for a proposed coal-fired (CF) power station site with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). We find that climate change may pose constraints on water availability, and that regulatory constraints on water abstraction licences may affect CF electricity generation with CCS. The regulatory constraints associated with the current misalignment of water and energy policies are explored through interviews with stakeholders. We find that water availability has not been identified as a potential limiting factor for future CF electricity generation with CCS and that current UK energy policy, combined with economic and historical factors, may exacerbate the water demand of CF electricity generation with CCS. These issues need to be addressed prior to deployment of CCS technology.
CCS in the Media: An Analysis of International Coverage
Authors: Dowd Anne-Maree , Ashworth Peta , Rodriguez Michelle , Jeanneret Talia
Published: June 2012

Internationally, the level of public awareness of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology remains low. The mainstream media have a salient influence in shaping the debate on CCS's implementation and its risks. This paper presents the results of analysis of print media coverage of CCS worldwide between August 2009 and June 2010. A total of 1138 articles from the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum were reviewed and analysed. The majority of these articles were balanced or neutral in tone and lacking in technical detail. Fifteen key themes were identified. Two of these emerged the most frequently across all sources: CCS pilot and demonstration projects, and funding issues. This suggests a pattern of media curiosity over how financial support for CCS is provided and what results are occurring at pilot and demonstration efforts. Cross-regional key risks included: Time, cost, and implementation issues; technical validity; and storage capacity issues.
Carbon Dioxide Capture from Air: A Simple Analysis
Authors: Brandani Stefano
Published: June 2012

A simplified analysis is presented in order to compare direct capture of carbon dioxide from air, i.e. air capture, and capture from fossil fuelled power plants. For air capture the literature shows conflicting data on the estimates of the costs of the technology, which range from 30 US$/t CO2 to $1000 US$/t CO2. This clearly creates uncertainty especially for those who have to implement long term policies to mitigate climate change. The aim of this contribution is not to assign a fixed cost to air capture, but to show that it is possible to make a common sense estimate of the ratios of cost and energy requirement of air capture compared to carbon capture from power plants. These ratios are at least 10 times for the cost and 3 to 4 times for the energy needed to produce a high purity carbon dioxide stream at atmospheric pressure.
Values, Places and Bodies: Opportunities for Forging a Deeper Understanding of Public Perceptions of Ccs?
Authors: Mabon Leslie J.
Published: June 2012

This paper explores how theories and epistemological understandings from the disciplines of human geography and environmental ethics may be usefully deployed to further understanding of public perceptions of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). In particular, the themes of values, place and embodied experience are explored in turn. The aim of doing this is to consider how reflection on some of the ‘deeper’ issues underpinning CCS projects has the potential to shed new light on how people come to hold particular viewpoints. This paper argues that alongside the endeavour of producing very practical advice and guidelines on public engagement in CCS, there is room to reflect critically on the contexts in which people form their perceptions of CCS and perform these perceptions. Doing this has the potential to offer new insights into what exactly it is publics may find troubling – or, indeed, appealing - about CCS.
Procedural Justice in Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: McLaren Duncan P
Published: June 2012

This paper examines where and how claims of procedural injustice, or demands for procedural justice, might arise with respect to carbon capture and storage (CCS), taking a broad view of the CCS research, development and deployment process. It considers the principles that might govern such claims and seeks to identify where responsibility might lie for ensuring justice, or addressing contested claims of injustice. It is suggested that claims of procedural injustice arising from CCS are most likely to arise during implementation, from locally affected populations, raising concerns of inadequate information or consultation; but they may also arise from representatives of other indirectly affected groups, such as those affected by upstream impacts of coal mining, or energy market consequences of CCS policy. It is further suggested that claims are most likely to be directed at public authorities in respect of decisions over policy, strategy or authorisations for individual developments, but there are also routes by which claims may be directed at the corporations involved, especially under human rights provisions. The paper suggests a need for careful consideration of both procedural and, by implication, distributive justice matters in the emerging regulatory and support framework for CCS, with a particular imperative for moving public engagement upstream prior to deployment and indeed even to research programmes, to maximise the scope for legitimate influence on future outcomes.
Inspiring a Generation of Educators with Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: Morgan Catherine T.
Published: June 2012

A small-scale educational outreach pilot project was undertaken in Scottish Schools in 2010. The project aimed to share contemporary, cutting edge science and technological developments in the field of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) with communities in the vicinity of Longannet Power Station (a potential CCS demonstration site), in Fife, Scotland. An education team from The Scottish Earth Science Education Forum delivered teacher professional development workshops and school lessons in local primary and secondary schools. Results from research conducted with participants suggest that the impacts on both the teacher and pupil sample group were significant, positively impacting perceptions about science, careers, and the technology itself.
Stakeholder Interests and the Evolution of Uk Ccs Policy
Authors: Littlecott Chris
Published: June 2012

It is often recognised that the UK benefits from positive technical advantages that could assist in the development and deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, yet policy efforts to secure demonstration projects have faltered over recent years. This commentary article draws on practical experience of cross-sectoral cooperation to explore how different stakeholder interests have aligned in support of CCS, strengthening the case for UK action. A framework for considering stakeholder interests is set out, and informs an analysis of successive waves of government policy making. Implications for forthcoming policy developments are thereby identified.
Identification of Dynamic Motion of the Ground Using the Kalman Filter Finite Element Method
Authors: Yamamoto Satoshi , Kawahara Mutsuto
Published: June 2012

The purpose of this paper is to investigate an identification method of magnitude of blasting force using the Kalman filter finite element method. The identification is carried out with estimation at the same time. Acceleration is estimated using actual observation data. As the state equation, the balance of stress equation, the strain – displacement equation, and the stress strain equation are used. For temporal discretization, the Newmark β method is employed and for the spatial discretization the Galerkin method is applied. The Kalman filter finite element method is a combination of the Kalman filter and the finite element method. This is capable of estimation not only in time but also in space directions. However, long computational time is required for computation. To reduce the computational time, the computational domain is divided into two parts, the main and subsidiary domains. In the main domain, filtering procedures are carried out, whereas only a deterministic process is considered for the variables in the subsidiary domain. Eliminating the state variables in the subsidiary domain, a drastically effcient computation is carried out. This method is applied to Futatsuishi quarry site. The site is located in Mt. Minowa in Miyagi prefecture, Japan. The blasting examination was carried out on September, 19th through 22th, 2005. Acceleration is measured by the accelerometer, which was set at two points. One is used as a reference and the other is used as an observation. A velocity is measured by the speedometer, which was set also at two points. These are used as observation data. The acceleration is estimated by using observation data and a blasting force. It is necessary to identifiy the blasting force in advance. In this research, two computations are carried out to verify the present method. The identified values are used as blasting forces in the estimation. The estimation values are compared with observation values at estimation points.
An Analysis of the Flow around a Wind Propeller Using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Hoshiko Ryo , Kawahara Mutsuto
Published: June 2012

To analyze the wind flow around a wind propeller is important in wind engineering. The wind tunnel experiment has issue of cost and time. Additionally, because the shape of a wind propeller influences energy efficiency, wind tunnel experiments must be performed many times. The finite element method is one of the effective numerical approach to simulate wind propeller. But, it is necessary to generate the finite element mesh. To generate the 3-dimensional finite element mesh is almost impossible by hand. Generating any complicated 3-dimensional mesh automatically is very important. In this study, automatic 3-dimensional mesh generation is performed. Additionally, it is fluid-structure interaction analysis. In the finite element method, it is necessary to consider the moving boundaries. The purpose of this study, to generate the complicated 3-dimensional models and to analyze moving boundary problems. In this study, a re-meshing technique for moving boundaries is introduced, and to generate finite element mesh, the Delaunay method is applied. The character of this method is generating mesh from arbitrary nodal distribution of nodal points.
The Method of Fundamental Solution for the Dirichlet Problem in R3 with the Boundary of the two Spheres
Authors: Kinugawa Ryu , Yamamoto Hiromichi , Hara Heihachiro
Published: June 2012

In this paper we deal with the method of fundamental solution for the three-dimensional Dirichlet problem, where the fundamental solution of Laplace operator is used. First we construct the arrangement of the collocation points on the spherical surface. We deal with the three problems: the problem of the concentric ring domain, the problem of the non-concentric ring domain, and the problem of the unbounded domain with the boundary of the two spheres. For these problems, we have developed some algorithms by rearranging the singular points. By our algorithms we can obtain the accurate approximation even if the distance of the two spheres is small.
An Algorithm for Approximating Convex Pareto Surfaces Based on Dual Techniques
Authors: Bokrantz Rasmus , Forsgren Anders
Published: June 2012

We consider the problem of approximating Pareto surfaces of convex multicriteria optimization problems by a discrete set of points and their convex combinations. Finding the scalarization parameters that optimally limit the approximation error when generating a single Pareto optimal solution is a nonconvex optimization problem. This problem can be solved by enumerative techniques but at a cost that increases exponentially with the number of objectives. We present an algorithm for solving the Pareto surface approximation problem that is practical with 10 or less conflicting objectives, motivated by an application to radiation therapy optimization. Our enumerative scheme is, in a sense, dual to a family of previous algorithms. The proposed technique retains the quality of the best previous algorithm in this class while solving fewer subproblems. A further improvement is provided by a procedure for discarding subproblems based on reusing information from previous solves. The combined effect of the enhancements is empirically demonstrated to reduce the computational expense of solving the Pareto surface approximation problem by orders of magnitude. For problems where the objectives have positive curvature, an improved bound on the approximation error is demonstrated using transformations of the initial objectives with strictly increasing and concave functions.
Glucarpidase
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Demaris Kendra , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E.
Published: June 2012

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. A drug class review is now published monthly with The Formulary Monograph Service. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The June 2012 monograph topics are on peginesatide, mitomycin for solution, lucinactant, mifepristone, and perampanel. The DUE/MUE is on peginesatide.
The Dilemma of Interfaced versus Integrated Computerized Prescriber Order Entry and Other Applications
Authors: Felkey Bill G. , Fox Brent I.
Published: June 2012

US hospitals and health systems continue to push forward with electronic health record (EHR) implementation in the wake of meaningful use. EHR implementation is surrounded by many decisions. Our readers could probably write volumes detailing the challenges they have already faced in their quests. In this installment, we address the long-standing challenge of deciding between integrated and interfaced systems.
Using halo (het) arylboronic species to achieve synthesis of foldamers as protein–protein interaction disruptors
Authors: Voisin-Chiret Anne Sophie , Rault Sylvain
Published: June 2012

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play a central role in all biological processes and have been the focus of intense investigations from structural molecular biology to cell biology for the majority of the last two decades and, more recently, are emerging as important targets for pharmaceuticals. A common motif found at the interface of PPIs is the α-helix, and apart from the peptidic structures, numerous nonpeptidic small molecules have been developed to mimic α-helices. The first-generation terphenyl scaffold is able to successfully mimic key helix residues and disrupt relevant interactions, including Bcl-xL-Bak interactions that are implicated in apoptosis mechanism. These scaffolds were designed and evaluated in silico. Analysis revealed that substituents on aromatic scaffolds can efficiently mimic side-chain surfaces. Unfortunately, the literature describes a long and difficult procedure to access these aromatic-based scaffolds. The search for new simpler methodology is the aim of the research of our medicinal chemistry team. On the basis of structural requirements, we developed a program concerning the synthesis of new oligo(het)aryl scaffolds produced by iterative couplings of boronic species (garlanding) in which substituents on rings project functionality in spatial orientations that mimic residues of an α-helix.
Art Trek: Looking at art with young children
Authors: Chang Eunjung
Published: June 2012

The Art Trek is a learning programme for families with children between the ages of 5 and 12 at Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met). It interactively exposes children to different artworks across cultures and styles in multiple artistic experiences, by questioning, listening, discussing,
playing and drawing in a group setting. With access to museums at an early age, children can experience impressive images, explore cultures and develop skills to interpret visual language. I was able to observe the Art Trek programme with five pre-service elementary art teachers who were university
undergraduate students in an art methods class I taught. In this article, I will discuss the importance of art and museum education for children at an early age. I then will address some suggestions on how art and museum educators can provide more meaningful and quality art experiences for
young children as they view and explore works of art.
The Gate "Illyes": Visual essay of a community art project in Hungary
Authors: Ráthonyi Dr. Kinga
Published: June 2012

Over the past fifteen years the authors have been working together, creating and promoting community art projects. The main objective of these works has always been to shape the users visual environment, with maximum involvement of the local community. Participation in the projects
has allowed people to share creative thoughts, production, ideas, and communicate. These have taken place on site in a communal environment which respects and appreciates the individual. People are free to work/talk/look or just be there. The following visual essay documents a recently completed
project.

Further documentation can be found at the facebook page: "az illyes kapuja"
Pobres pero honradas: Lujuria burguesa y honorabilidad proletaria en las novelas breves de Federica Montseny
Authors: Guirao Pedro García
Published: June 2012

Hacia 1922 la líder anarquista Federica Montseny comenóz a publicar novelas breves románticas en varios periódicos anarquistas. Fueron casi cincuenta escritos en los que dejó plasmada la misión social de todo escritor anarquista: diagnosticar
los males de la sociedad, denunciar dicha realidad que no suele ser muy justa para la clase trabajadora y, por último, promover soluciones a largo plazo mediante una pedagogía social o una especie de propedéutica capaz de enseñar a la clase proletaria cōmo
defenderse física y moralmente de los ataques de la clase burguesa, para así lograr una sociedad mās justa en todas las esferas de la vida. El propōsito de este trabajo serā analizar cōmo Montseny gestionō esa misiōn social en el caso concreto
de las mujeres a través de estos temas: enaltecimiento de la maternidad consciente, defensa de la libertad (sexual) e independencia de las mujeres, separaciōn sexo/amor, control de la natalidad, incorporaciōn de la mujer al mundo laboral, denuncia de la doble moral hombre/mujer
en torno a la virginidad, etcétera. También veremos que aparecen dos grandes estereotipos o arquetipos humanos en dichas novelas – que obedecen a lo que se ha llamado sexualidad de clase, ambos enfrentados en la lucha de clases de dos mundos antagōnicos: el del burgués
(libertino, desocupado, despia-dado) y el de la mujer proletaria (dōbil, indefensa, sana y sobre todo, pobre pero honrada).
Good birth and good living. The (de)medicalizing key to sexual reform in the anarchist media of inter-war Spain
Authors: Jiménez-Lucena Isabel , Molero-Mesa Jorge
Published: June 2012

Libertarian discourse questions bourgeois discourse and develops a sociocultural alternative that is often directly or indirectly related to science, medicine, health and disease (i.e. to biopower). The complex nature of libertarian thinking and biopower has led us to develop our analysis
within a relational and eclectic theoretical–methodological framework that allows us to examine one of the devices of biopower – the process of medicalization. Many key explanatory traits of inter-war anarchist thinking may certainly be found in the process of medicalization, which
was widely established in the early twentieth century, notwithstanding the fact that such processes have been marked by a wide variety of positions, some of which are alternative, such as those adopted to a large extent by the libertarian movement of that historical period. Thus, in this sense,
our purpose is to analyse and understand to what extent discourses on the so-called 'sexual reform', as disseminated by the libertarian press in inter-war Spain, conditioned the processes of (de)medicalization; and also to what extent the latter conditioned discourses on sexual liberation.
Examensklausur ÖR Vorläufiger Rechtsschutz einer öffentlich-rechtlichen Stiftung gegen die Umbenennung einer Straße
Authors: Stumpf Gerrit Hellmuth
Published: June 2012

Die vorliegende Klausur wurde im Examensklausurenkurs
der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn gestellt.
Die durchaus anspruchsvolle Aufgabenstellung behandelt Probleme des allgemeinen Verwaltungsrechts mit Bezügen zum Kommunal- und Straßenrecht. Obwohl die dem Fall zugrundeliegenden Probleme weitgehend zum universitären Pflichtenprogramm zählen, birgt gerade die Verknüpfung mit einer öffentlich-rechtlichen Stiftung als Antragstellerin eine zusätzliche Schwierigkeit, die von den Bearbeitern eine gesicherte Kenntnis verwaltungs- und verfassungsrechtlicher Grundsätze verlangt.
Examensklausur ZR Mitfahrer gesucht!
Authors: Picker Christian
Published: June 2012

Diese mittelschwere Examensklausur will die zivilrechtliche
»Examensreife« der Bearbeiter überprüfen. Sie beschränkt sich bewusst auf zentrale Probleme der allgemeinen Rechtsgeschäftslehre, des Bereicherungsrechts sowie des Deliktsrechts. Neben dem notwendigen »Standardwissen« verlangt sie vom Prüfling Kombinations- und Argumentationsvermögen bei unbekannten Fragestellungen sowie ein gutes Zeitmanagement.
Die Besitzformen
Authors: Schreiber Klaus
Published: June 2012

Der Erwerb des Besitzes wird im BGB als »die Erlangung der
tatsächlichen Gewalt über die Sache« beschrieben (§ 854 Abs. 1 BGB). Dieser Besitz ist der unmittelbare Besitz. Daneben gibt es weitere Formen des Besitzes. Der folgende Beitrag
soll einen Überblick über die Besitzformen des BGB
geben. Nach allgemeinen Informationen (A.) wird auf den
unmittelbaren (B.) und mittelbaren Besitz (C.) sowie auf die
Besitzdienerschaft (D.) eingegangen. Der Beitrag schließt mit
einer Darstellung der Sonderformen des Erbenbesitzes (E.) und des Teil- und Mitbesitzes (F.).
Measurement of the polarization state of light using an integrated plasmonic polarimeter
Authors: Afshinmanesh Farzaneh , White Justin S. , Cai Wenshan , Brongersma Mark L.
Published: June 2012

Plasmonics has started to facilitate the replacement of bulky optical components in optical systems by compact nanometallic elements that perform the same function. This allows for a natural and very dense integration with electronic devices. In this vein, we present a silicon (Si) photodetector integrated with a set of plasmonic structures that can be used as either a broadband linear-Stokes polarimeter or a narrowband full-Stokes polarimeter capable of determining the complete state of polarization of a light beam. At a probe-wavelength of 830 nm, our experimental results show contrast ratios of 25 and 1.13 for orthogonal linear and circular states of polarization, in good agreement with simulations. The resulting device is lightweight, orders of magnitude smaller than conventional polarimeters, and mechanically robust. For these reasons, there promises to be a wide range of applications including polarimetric imaging and sensing.
Mehrpunktmessungen der Schallschnelle mittels neuartigem Lasermessverfahren
Authors: Haufe Daniel , Schlüßler Raimund , Fischer Andreas , Büttner Lars , Czarske Jürgen
Published: June 2012

Zur Fluglärmreduzierung muss die Interaktion komplexer Strömungs- und Schallphänomene in Triebwerksschalldämpfern analysiert werden. Hierfür wird erstmals ein Doppler-Global-Velozimeter mit Laserfrequenzmodulation eingesetzt und eine Mehrpunktmessung der Schallschnelle in einem Kundtschen Staubrohr demonstriert. Im Ergebnis wurden Schnelleamplituden im Hörbereich aufgelöst, die Messunsicherheit betrug minimal 3 mm/s bei einer Messdauer von 1 s. Die Messtechnik bietet somit hohes Potential bei der Analyse und Optimierung von Triebwerkschalldämpfern.