bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polycythemia vera as a rare cause of hypertension in a young man
Authors: Vetluzhskaya Maria , Abramova Antonina , Oganesyan Karine , Podzolkov Valery
Published: June 2021

Polycythemia vera (PV) is an orphan haematological disease and one of the most common myeloproliferative diseases, with the incidence rate of about 0.4–2.8 cases per 100 000 population per year. In patients, proliferation of all three haematopoietic lineages is observed, typically with the development of erythrocytosis. As a rule, PV occurs in patients aged 60–70 years, slightly more often in men. The main clinical signs of PV are weakness, significant burning sensation in fingers and palms due to the increased blood viscosity and microcirculation disorders, discomfort in the left hypochondrium due to splenomegaly at the background of extramedullary haematopoietic sites development, as well as gross vascular complications (thrombosis) of various localisation. Our clinical case represents a rare cardiac manifestation of the PV in a young man.
Generalised eruptive histiocytosis preceded by systemic symptoms
Authors: Myrdal Caitlyn N , Stratton Delaney B , Davis Tracy L , Curiel-Lewandrowski Clara
Published: June 2021

Generalised eruptive histiocytosis is a rare proliferative disease that typically presents with indolent cutaneous eruptions. We describe the case of a 73-year-old man presenting with diffuse, asymptomatic crops of pink to dusky red papules preceded by general malaise, myalgias, fluctuating fever, chills, and weight loss. Histological evaluation revealed a non-Langerhans cell histiocytic dermal infiltrate with spindle cell features and chronic inflammation, reactive for CD68 and negative for both S100 and CD1a. Malignancy screening was negative. This report aims to highlight a unique presentation of generalised eruptive histiocytosis, emphasise histological findings, and discuss considerations for malignancy screening.
Impact of differential copayment on patient healthcare choice: evidence from South Korean National Cohort Study
Authors: Jo Sangkyun , Jun Duk Bin , Park Sungho
Published: June 2021

Objective

We evaluate the effectiveness of mild disease differential copayment policy aimed at reducing unnecessary patient visits to secondary/tertiary healthcare institutions in South Korea.

Design

Retrospective study using difference-in-difference design.

Setting

Sample Research database provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service, between 2010 and 2013.

Participants

206 947 patients who visited healthcare institutions to treat mild diseases during the sample period.

Methods

A linear probability model with difference-in-difference approach was adopted to estimate the changes in patients’ healthcare choices associated with the differential copayment policy. The dependent variable was a binary variable denoting whether a patient visited primary healthcare or secondary/tertiary healthcare to treat her/his mild disease. Patients’ individual characteristics were controlled with a fixed effect.

Results

We observed significant decrease in the proportion of patients choosing secondary/tertiary healthcare over primary healthcare by 2.99 per cent point. The decrease associated with the policy was smaller by 14% in the low-income group compared with richer population, greater by 19% among the residents of Seoul metropolitan area than among people living elsewhere, and greater among frequent healthcare visitors by 33% than among people who less frequently visit healthcare.

Conclusion

The mild disease differential copayment policy of South Korea was successful in discouraging unnecessary visits to secondary/tertiary healthcare institutions to treat mild diseases that can be treated well in primary healthcare.
Internet-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy with telephone coaching for anxious Finnish children aged 10–13 years: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Luntamo Terhi , Korpilahti-Leino Tarja , Ristkari Terja , Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki Sanna , Kurki Marjo , Sinokki Atte , Lamminen Kaisa , Saanakorpi Kristiina , Saarinen Susanna , Maunuksela Marjukka , Sourander Saana , Toivonen Katja , Zadkova Anna , Suilamo Miia , Casagrande Linda , Palmroth Johanna , Sourander A
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Childhood anxiety is common, causes significant functional impairment and may lead to psychosocial problems by adulthood. Although cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective for treating anxiety, its availability is limited by the lack of trained CBT therapists and easily accessible local services. To address the challenges in both recognition and treatment, this study combines systematic anxiety screening in the general population with a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on internet-assisted CBT (ICBT) with telephone coaching. Child, family and intervention-related factors are studied as possible predictors or moderators, together with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods and analysis

The study is an open two-parallel group RCT, stratified by sex, that compares ICBT with telephone coaching to an education control. Children aged 10–13 are screened at yearly school healthcare check-ups using five items from the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) Questionnaire. The families of children who screen positive for anxiety are contacted to assess the family’s eligibility for the RCT. The inclusion criteria include scoring at least 22 points in the 41-item SCARED Questionnaire. The primary outcome is the SCARED child and parent reports. The secondary outcomes include the impact of anxiety, quality of life, comorbidity, peer relationships, perceptions of school, parental well-being and service use. Additional measures include demographics and life events, anxiety disorder diagnoses, as well as therapeutic partnerships, the use of the programme and general satisfaction among the intervention group.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the research ethics board of the Hospital District of South West Finland and local authorities. Participation is voluntary and based on informed consent. The anonymity of the participants will be protected and the results will be published in a scientific journal and disseminated to healthcare professionals and the general public.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.govNCT03310489, pre-results, initially released on 30 September 2017.
Prevalence and risk factors of depression symptoms among Chinese seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Qin Wenzhe , Li Lei , Zhu Dongshan , Ju Chengfei , Bi Pengfei , Li Shixue
Published: June 2021

Background

To curb the spread of COVID-19, most countries have adopted measures such as banning shore leave at ports and placed restrictions on crew change. Seafarers may bear an excess pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression symptoms among Chinese seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

This field survey-based study was conducted at Rongcheng Port, Shandong Province, China, from 10 June 2020 to 25 July 2020. Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics and health-related behaviours were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire. The Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to evaluate depression status during the preceding week. Logistic regression models were used to explore factors related to depression.

Results

441 male Chinese seafarers were enrolled. Overall, the proportions of seafarers with low, moderate and severe depression symptoms were 23.35%, 9.30% and 9.07%, respectively. Compared with those with good self-rated health (SRH), seafarers with poor SRH had higher odds of depression (OR, 2.24, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.11). Less leisure time or physical exercise was associated with more severe self-reported depression symptoms (1–3 per week vs ≥4 per week: OR, 1.72, 95% CI 0.71 to 4.14; none vs ≥4 per week: OR, 3.93, 95% CI 1.67 to 9.26). Poor sleep quality was associated with higher likelihood of reporting severe depression (fair vs good: OR, 2.78, 95% CI 1.54 to 5.01; poor vs good: OR, 4.30, 95% CI 1.65 to 11.24). The more frequent seafarers worked overtime a week, the higher the likelihood of reporting severe depression symptoms (1–2 per week vs none: OR, 1.82, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.18; ≥3 per week vs none: OR, 2.49, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.92). Also, high perceived work stress was linked to higher odds of being depressed (intermediate vs low: OR, 2.06, 95% CI 0.78 to 5.46; high vs low: OR, 3.83, 95% CI 1.35 to 10.90).

Conclusions

There is a high burden of depression associated with COVID-19 among seafarers. Special interventions that protect the mental health of seafarers are more critical than ever in the context of the pandemic.
End-of-life discussions in residential care homes improves symptom control: a national register study
Authors: Andersson Sofia , Martinsson Lisa , Fürst Carl Johan , Brännström Margareta
Published: June 2021

Background

In Europe, residential care homes (RCHs) rather than hospitals are the most common care facilities for the older adult and the place where most deaths occur in this age group. There is a lack of knowledge regarding end-of-life (EOL) discussions and how they correlate with symptoms and symptom relief.

Objective

The aim was to examine the correlation between EOL discussions and symptom occurrence, symptom relief and prescriptions or PRN drugs against symptoms for care home residents.

Methods

All expected deaths at RCHs from 1 October 2015 to 31 December 2016 and registered in the Swedish Register of Palliative Care were included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to compare the RCH residents, or their family members, who had received documented EOL discussions with a physician (the EOL discussion group) and the non-EOL discussion group.

Results

The EOL discussion group (n=17 071) had a higher prevalence of pain, nausea, anxiety, death rattles and shortness of breath reported, compared with the non-EOL discussion group (n=4164). Those with symptoms were more often completely relieved and had more often been prescribed PRN drugs against that symptom in the EOL discussion group. All differences remained significant when adjusting for age, time living in unit and cause of death.

Conclusion

The results indicate that EOL discussions are correlated with higher prevalence of symptoms, but also with better symptom relief and prescription of symptom drugs PRN when symptomatic. A possible explanation for this is that the EOL discussion can work as an opportunity to discuss symptoms and treatment for symptom relief.
Telehealth: rapid adoption in community palliative care due to COVID-19: patient and professional evaluation
Authors: Eastman Peter , Dowd Anna , White Jacqui , Carter Jill , Ely Matthew
Published: June 2021

Background/objective

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the use of telehealth to the fore, as many people have been unable to interact directly with healthcare professionals (HCP). For community palliative care (CPC) services, this has meant a sudden change from a predominantly face-to-face model of care to one that incorporates telehealth. Understanding patient and HCP experiences with telehealth and how telehealth compares to ‘usual’ care will be crucial in planning future CPC services.

Methodology

All patients of the Barwon Health CPC service between 1 April and 31 May 2020 were invited to complete a questionnaire evaluating their interactions with the palliative care service and specifically their involvement with telehealth consultations. Palliative care HCP who provided clinical services during the same time period were also surveyed.

Results/conclusion

Seventy-four patients (response rate 36%) and 22 HCP returned surveys. Both groups felt comfortable using telehealth, however, also encountered a range of issues when undertaking telehealth consultations. Despite reporting issues, the preference of both groups was for a CPC service model, which combined face-to-face and telehealth consultations. This study is one of the first to directly ask this question and as such provides useful guidance for health services when planning future CPC service models.
Symptoms of advanced cancer in palliative medicine: a longitudinal study
Authors: Rojas-Concha Leslye , Hansen Maiken Bang , Petersen Morten Aagaard , Groenvold Mogens
Published: June 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the symptomatology of patients with advanced cancer at admittance to palliative care services and to investigate how the symptomatology changed during the first month, and whether these changes were associated with various patient characteristics.

Methods

In a longitudinal study in Chile, outpatients with advanced cancer completed the questionnaires European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 Palliative Care and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Prevalence and severity of symptoms and problems (S/Ps) at baseline were calculated. Differences in S/P scores from baseline to follow-up were calculated overall and according to patient characteristics. Multiple linear regression was used to study the associations between patient characteristics and changes in S/P scores.

Results

At baseline, 201 patients answered the questionnaires and 177 completed the follow-up. Fatigue, pain and sleeping difficulties were the most prevalent S/Ps reported, and also had the highest mean scores at baseline. S/P scores at baseline varied significantly according to sex, age, civil status, residence, children, prior and current antineoplastic treatment. Emotional functioning, pain, sleeping difficulties, constipation and anxiety improved significantly during the first month of palliative care. Residence, cohabitation status, diagnosis and current antineoplastic treatment were associated with changes in S/P scores.

Conclusions

Patients reported moderate-to-severe levels of S/Ps at admittance to palliative care. Several S/Ps improved the first month. Certain patient characteristics were associated with changes in S/P scores. This information may guide clinicians to more effective interventions that can improve the quality of life of patients receiving palliative care.
Clinical benefits of prone positioning in the treatment of non-intubated patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Richards Hayden , Robins-Browne Karen , O'Brien Troy , Wilson Greer , Furyk Jeremy
Published: June 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in critically unwell patients with type 1 respiratory failure. In an attempt to reduce the number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation, prone positioning (PP) of non-intubated patients has been added to many hospital guidelines around the world. We set out to conduct a systematic review of the evidence relating to PP in the non-intubated patient with type 1 respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 and other causes.

Methods

The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. A literature search of major databases and grey sources was conducted. Studies were assessed for inclusion by two authors according to prespecified criteria. Data collection processes, analysis and risk of bias assessment were planned.

Results

31 studies were included for analysis. These consisted of prospective and retrospective case series, cohort studies and case reports. None of the studies included a comparison group. No statistical analysis was performed. Descriptive data of included studies and narrative synthesis are presented.

Conclusions

No high-quality randomised controlled trials were found and thus evidence in relation to PP as a treatment for non-intubated patients with type 1 respiratory failure is lacking.
Cost-effectiveness of extending the HPV vaccination to boys: a systematic review
Authors: Linertová Renata , Guirado-Fuentes Carmen , Mar Medina Javier , Imaz-Iglesia Iñaki , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Leticia , Carmona-Rodríguez Montserrat
Published: June 2021

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can have severe consequences both in women and men. Preadolescent girls are vaccinated against HPV worldwide but a gender-neutral vaccination is being adopted only little by little. This systematic review offers an overview of cost-effectiveness of the gender-neutral HPV vaccination.

Methods

Economic evaluations of gender-neutral HPV vaccination with a two-dose schedule compared with girls-only strategy were systematically searched in Medline, Embase and WOS up to June 2020. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and key parameters were analysed.

Results

Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies concluded in favour of the gender-neutral programme, another four found it cost-effective only in alternative scenarios. The most influential parameters are the discount rate of benefits (same as for costs vs reduced), vaccine price (listed vs publicly negotiated) and included health problems (inclusion of oropharyngeal and penile cancers). Sponsorship was not decisive for the final result, but there were differences between industry-funded and independent studies in some cost categories.

Conclusions

The evidence of the cost-effectiveness of extending HPV vaccination to boys is scarce and ambiguous. Before the adoption of such a strategy, countries should carry out context-specific cost-effectiveness analyses, but the decision should also take into account other criteria, such as gender-related equality.
Hypercoagulability in pregnant trauma patients
Authors: Toelle Lisa J , Hatton Gabrielle E , Refuerzo Jerrie S , Wade Charles E , Cotton Bryan A , Kao Lillian S
Published: June 2021

Circulating hormones affect coagulopathy in pregnancy and after trauma. The hemostatic profile of pregnant women after injury has not been characterized. We hypothesized that injured pregnant females would present with an initial thrombelastography (TEG) reflecting a more hypercoagulable profile and a higher incidence of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) when compared with non-pregnant females and males.

Methods

Cohort study of adult trauma patients with TEG measured on arrival was performed from 2009 to 2018 with data extracted from medical records. Nearest-neighbor matching was used to match each pregnant patient by age, Injury Severity Score, prehospital transfusion, and arrival Glasgow Coma Scale with non-pregnant females and males, each in a maximum 1:4 ratio. Hypercoagulable profiles were defined as alpha (α) angle ≥76° and maximum amplitude (MA) ≥65 mm. Lysis at 30 minutes after MA (LY-30) was considered high if ≥3.0% and low if ≤0.8%. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed.

Results

Seventy-six pregnant trauma patients were matched to 301 non-pregnant females and 301 males. Demographics were similar between groups, except pregnant females more frequently suffered blunt trauma. Pregnant females presented with a higher α angle, high MA and lower LY-30 than both control groups. Pregnant females met hypercoagulable criteria and had a low LY-30 more frequently than non-pregnant females and males. No pregnant patient versus 2% in each control group developed VTE. Transfusion requirements in the first 24 hours after admission and mortality were similar between groups. After adjustment, low MA and high LY-30 were associated with increased odds of mortality, regardless of sex or pregnancy. Hypocoagulable α angle was associated with pregnancy complications.

Conclusion

Injured pregnant females frequently presented with a profile that would be considered hypercoagulable under normal reference ranges. However, given the absence of VTE events, this profile may be non-pathologic.

Level of evidence

IV.
Exploring vehicle probe data as a resource to enhance network-wide traffic volume estimates
Authors: Grande Giuseppe , Lesniak Matthew , Tardif Louis-Paul , Regehr Jonathan D.
Published: June 2021

Annual average daily traffic (AADT) is a fundamental input for numerous civil engineering applications, yet generating reliable estimates of AADT at a network-wide level poses challenges. This article explores the potential use of vehicle probe data to enhance conventional traffic monitoring practice for generating network-wide estimates of AADT by exploring relationships between site-specific traffic volume data and vehicle probe data collected in Manitoba, Canada. The analysis revealed that mean travel speed cannot be used to predict traffic volumes on Manitoba highways, since the mean travel speed did not deviate from the free-flow speed regardless of the volume measured. The quantity of probe data observations showed moderate correlation with traffic volume at some sites (R-squared up to 0.65), but these correlations were stronger (R-squared up to 0.9) when considering trucks only. These findings suggest that probe data could be used to estimate truck volumes at certain locations.
Probing effective field theory approach in the CP violating minimal linear $$\sigma $$ model
Authors: Alonso-González J. , Lizana J. M. , Martínez-Fernández V. , Merlo L. , Pokorski S.
Published: June 2021

The Minimal Linear $$\sigma $$
σ
Model is a useful theoretical laboratory. One can investigate in a perturbative renormalisable model the properties of the Higgs boson as a pseudo-Goldstone boson, the phenomenological effects of the radial mode of the field $$\texttt {s}$$
s
which spontaneously breaks the global SO(5) symmetry and the validity of conclusions based on the Effective Field Theory approach with the field $$\texttt {s}$$
s
in the spectrum, after the decoupling of heavy degrees of freedom. In this paper all those issues are discussed in the framework of the Minimal Linear $$\sigma $$
σ
Model with CP violating phases leading to pseudoscalar components in the effective Standard Model Yukawa couplings. Also the character of the electroweak phase transition in the presence of the field $$\texttt {s}$$
s
is investigated.
Localizing the Donaldson–Futaki invariant
Authors: Legendre Eveline
Published: June 2021

We use the equivariant localization formula to prove that the Donaldson–Futaki invariant of a compact smooth (Kähler) test configuration coincides with the Futaki invariant of the induced action on the central fiber when this fiber is smooth or have orbifold singularities. We also localize the Donaldson–Futaki invariant of the deformation to the normal cone.
A fuzzy weighted c-means classification method for traffic flow state division
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Jia Yuanhua , Sun Dongye , Yang Yang
Published: June 2021

Traffic status recognition and classification is an important prerequisite for traffic management and control. Based on the idea of weight optimal, a weighted fuzzy c-means clustering method for improving the accuracy of traffic classification is proposed in this study to ease traffic congestion. First, since there are many indexes that affect the traffic flow state classification, three commonly used indexes namely, volume, speed and occupancy are chosen as the main parameters for the traffic flow state classification in this paper. Second, in order to quantitatively analyze the influence degree of different traffic flow parameters on traffic flow state division, based on the principle of weight optimization, the objective function of weight optimization is established. Then the weight of each attribute index is obtained by using the branch and bound algorithm. Finally, since the traditional fuzzy c-means clustering method will not consider the influence of different traffic flow parameter weights on the traffic flow state classification results, the classification effect needs to be further improved. A fuzzy weighted c-means classification method which uses weighted Euclidean distance instead of Euclidean distance is proposed to classify the traffic flow states. Based on the same traffic flow data sample on the same road section, the traffic state classification results with different methods show that it is helpful to improve the traffic flow state classification accuracy by weighting the clustering index. Because the influence of different parameters on the traffic flow state classification is considered in the process of clustering, it is more conducive to improve the classification accuracy. Moreover, it can provide more accurate classification information for traffic control and decision making.
Virtual concordance and the generalized Alexander polynomial
Authors: Boden Hans U. , Chrisman Micah
Published: June 2021

We use the Bar-Natan Ж-correspondence to identify the generalized Alexander polynomial of a virtual knot with the Alexander polynomial of a two component welded link. We show that the Ж-map is functorial under concordance, and also that Satoh’s Tube map (from welded links to ribbon knotted tori in [Formula: see text]) is functorial under concordance. In addition, we extend classical results of Chen, Milnor and Hillman on the lower central series of link groups to links in thickened surfaces. Our main result is that the generalized Alexander polynomial vanishes on any knot in a thickened surface which is virtually concordant to a homologically trivial knot. In particular, this shows that it vanishes on virtually slice knots. We apply it to complete the calculation of the slice genus for virtual knots with four crossings and to determine non-sliceness for a number of 5-crossing and 6-crossing virtual knots.
Determination of Optimal Leadership Styles Through Knowledge Management: A Case from the Automotive Industry
Authors: Hakkak Mohammad , Nawaser Khaled , Vafaei-Zadeh Ali , Hanifah Haniruzila
Published: June 2021

This study proposed a model to examine the impact of various leadership styles on knowledge management. This case study identified the best leadership style, which can affect the key factors of the knowledge management success. The statistical population was composed of all staff of the Pars Khodro Company headquarters in Iran, in which 226 people were accordingly chosen as the sample. The required data for examining research hypotheses were also collected using questionnaire. Results revealed the impact of leadership styles on knowledge management. The transformational leadership style was consequently found to have a positive and significant impact on the knowledge management key success factors, in contrast with other leadership styles including self-management, pragmatic, conservative and structure-based.
(H,H)-Isomerism of cis- and trans-di[benzo]porphyrazines: Quantum chemical modeling within the framework of the DFT method
Authors: Mikhailov Oleg V. , Chachkov Denis V.
Published: June 2021

Quantum-chemical calculation of the molecular structures of potential isomeric (NNNN)- donoratomic macrocyclic tetradentate ligands, cis- and trans-di[benzo]porphyrazines, was carried out using the density functional theory (DFT) B3PW91/TZVP. It is noted that the first of these compounds can exist in four forms [so-called ([Formula: see text]-isomers], differing from each other by the mutual orientation of hydrogen atoms bonded to the nitrogen atoms, while the second compounds take the form of two similar isomers. The values of the most important bond lengths, bond and non-bond angles in each of these ([Formula: see text] -isomeric compounds, as well as the values of their relative energy, standard enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy of formation are presented. It was found that the most stable among both cis- and trans-di[benzo]porphyrazines is the ([Formula: see text]-isomer with the trans-orientation of hydrogen atoms bonded to nitrogen atoms, while the ([Formula: see text] -isomers with cis-oriented hydrogen atoms for both of these compounds had significantly higher relative energies.
Sources of lanthanides in soils and estimation of their hazards
Authors: Vodyanitskii Yuriy , Minkina Tatiana , Bauer Tatiana
Published: June 2021

In recent years, an increase in the input of lanthanides (Ln), an important group of heavy metals (HMs), has been observed in the environment throughout the world (in particular soil). Anthropogenic Ln sources are mainly connected to phosphogypsum, Ln-bearing microfertilizer and micronutrients, and mine waste. Therefore, assessment of the hazards associated with the presence of Ln in the soil is an urgent issue. Hazardousness, depending strongly upon the buffer capacity of a specified soil, is determined by the organic matter content, the pH value and other soil properties. For a standard soil (containing 10% organic matter and 25% clay), the discrepancy of the hazardousness of HMs can be estimated based on the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) values proposed by ecologists in the Netherlands. Low levels of Ln contamination in the soil are found, making it possible to classify them in the group of moderately and weakly acting pollutants. The MPC value proposed for cerium (Ce) in the standard soil is 44 mg kg
−1
. Approximate MPC values for several other lanthanides (Ln, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Dy) in soils were proposed based on MPC values for freshwater sediments in the Netherlands. According to the MPC value, Ln falls into the group of moderate- and low-hazardous heavy metals.
Akt scaffold proteins: the key to controlling specificity of Akt signaling
Authors: Bao Fan , Hao Peiqi , An Su , Yang Yang , Liu Ying , Hao Qian , Ejaz Mubashir , Guo Xiao-Xi , Xu Tian-Rui
Published: June 2021

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway plays an essential role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Akt kinase is at the center of this signaling pathway and interacts with a variety of proteins. Akt is overexpressed in almost 80% of tumors. However, inhibiting Akt has serious clinical side effects so is not a suitable treatment for cancer. During recent years, Akt scaffold proteins have received increasing attention for their ability to regulate Akt signaling and have emerged as potential targets for cancer therapy. In this paper, we categorize Akt kinase scaffold proteins into four groups based on their cellular location: membrane-bound activator and inhibitor, cytoplasm, and endosome. We describe how these scaffolds interact with Akt kinase, how they affect Akt activity, and how they regulate the specificity of Akt signaling. We also discuss the clinical application of Akt scaffold proteins as targets for cancer therapy.
Taking aim at the perceptual side of motor learning: exploring how explicit and implicit learning encode perceptual error information through depth vision
Authors: Campagnoli Carlo , Domini Fulvio , Taylor Jordan A.
Published: June 2021

We leveraged a classic sensorimotor adaptation task to perform a first systematic assessment of the role of perceptual cues in the estimation of an error signal in the 3-D space during motor learning. We crossed two conditions presenting different amounts of depth information, with two manipulations emphasizing explicit and implicit learning processes. Explicit learning responded to the visual conditions, consistent with perceptual reports, whereas implicit learning appeared to be independent of them.
Exploring the Operative Strategy for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nappi Francesco , Singh Sanjeet Singh Avtaar , Bellomo Francesca , Nappi Pierluigi , Chello Camilla , Iervolino Adelaide , Chello Massimo
Published: June 2021

Background. Mitral valve disease surgery is an evolving field with multiple possible interventions. There is an increasing body of evidence regarding the optimal strategy in secondary mitral regurgitation where the pathology lies within the ventricle. We conducted a systematic review to identify the benefits and limitations of each surgical option. Methods. A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify pertinent randomized controlled trials (RCTs), propensity‐matched observational series, and meta‐analyses which were considered initially and followed by unmatched observational series using the MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Results. We identified 6 different strategies for treating secondary mitral valve regurgitation: mitral valve replacement, restrictive mitral annuloplasty, surgical revascularization (with and without mitral annuloplasty), subvalvular procedures (papillary muscle approximation, papillary muscle relocation, ring and string procedure), and procedures directly targeting the mitral valve (edge‐to‐edge repair and anterior leaflet enlargement) alongside transcatheter heart valve therapy. We also highlighted the role of left ventricular assist devices in the management of this condition. The benefits and limitations of each intervention are highlighted. Conclusion. There is currently no unanimous and shared strategy for the optimal treatment of patients with secondary IMR. The management of patients with secondary mitral regurgitation must be entrusted to a multidisciplinary Heart Team to ensure ideal intervention and patient matching for the best outcomes.
Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract-Mediated Green Synthesis of Nanostructured Alkaline Earth Oxide (MgO) and Its Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Venkatachalam Archana , Jesuraj Joseph Prince , Sivaperuman kalainathan
Published: June 2021

The magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared from Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Phytochemicals are derived from plant extract which are served as stabilizing and capping agents. This green route has been attracted owing to speed, reliable, and eco-friendly and cost-effective one. The synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles were taken into three different calcination temperatures (500, 600, and 700°C). The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) study shows a pure phase of face-centered cubic structure. Periclase MgO nanoparticles were prepared. The optical band gap of MgO nanoparticles is 4.5 eV, and its absorption in the UV region was observed by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Photoluminescence spectra have exhibited multicolor emissions were being at UV and visible region due to defect centers (F centers) of MgO nanoparticles. EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectrum) has given the stoichiometric ratio of Mg and O. The functional groups have been studied by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface morphology transformation has been identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies, and VSM measurements have given the information of diamagnetic nature of MgO nanoparticles. H-R TEM micrographs have confirmed that particles were in nanorange matched with XRD report. Polycrystalline nature has been observed pattern information. TG-DSC characterization revealed phase transition and weight loss information. D-band and G-band of MgO nanoparticles are studied by micro-Raman analysis. Dielectric analysis has proven that MgO nanoparticles will be a promising candidate for linear dielectric ceramics, thermistor. The present resent studies have revealed that MgO powder will be an economical and promising candidate in superconductor, optoelectronic device, and energy storage applications.
Herbal Active Ingredients: Potential for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Yu Wen-Ying , Gao Chun-Xiao , Zhang Huan-Huan , Wu Yue-Guo , Yu Chen-Huan
Published: June 2021

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life‐threatening clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. The main pathological features of ALI are increased alveolar‐capillary membrane permeability, edema, uncontrolled migration of neutrophils to the lungs, and diffuse alveolar damage, resulting in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Glucocorticoids, aspirin, and other anti‐inflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat ALI. Respiratory supports, such as a ventilator, are used to alleviate hypoxemia. Many treatment methods are available, but they cannot significantly ameliorate the quality of life of patients with ALI and reduce mortality rates. Herbal active ingredients, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, and quinonoids, exhibit advantages for ALI prevention and treatment, but the underlying mechanism needs further study. This paper summarizes the role of herbal active ingredients in anti‐ALI therapy and progresses in the understanding of their mechanisms. The work also provides some references and insights for the discovery and development of novel drugs for ALI prevention and treatment.
Shared Mobility for Transport and Its Environmental Impact VeSIPreS: A Vehicular Soft Integrity Preservation Scheme for Shared Mobility
Authors: Tratter Valaenthin , Aslam Mudassar , Raza Shahid
Published: June 2021

Car manufacturers are noticing and encouraging a trend away from individual mobility, where a vehicle is owned and driven by one or only a few other persons, and towards shared-mobility concepts. That means that many different people use and have access to the same vehicle. An attacker disguised as a regular short-time user can use the additional attack vectors (s)he gets by having physical access to tamper the vehicle’s software. The software takes a continuously more crucial role in cars for autonomous driving, and manipulations can have catastrophic consequences for the persons on board. Currently, there is no mechanism available to the vehicle owner to detect such manipulations in the vehicle done by the attacker (short-time user). In this work, a novel vehicle attestation scheme called Vehicular Soft Integrity Preservation Scheme (VeSIPreS) is proposed to detect tampering in the software stack of a vehicle and guarantee the upcoming driver that the previous user has not changed the software of the vehicle. The solution consists of a software module in the vehicle and a mobile-based user application for the vehicle owner to monitor the vehicle’s soft integrity. Inside the vehicle, the software module is implemented in the central gateway, which acts as the primary security component. VeSIPreS uses Trusted Platform Module (TPM) in the central gateway, which anchors trust in our proposed solution. This paper also provides a proof-of-concept implementation with a TPM, demonstrating its application and deployment feasibility and presentig a security analysis to show the security of VeSIPreS.
Loss of Function of von Hippel‐Lindau Trigger Lipocalin 2‐Dependent Inflammatory Responses in Cultured and Primary Renal Tubular Cells
Authors: Kuo Chan-Yen , Chiu Valeria , Hsieh Po-Chun , Hsu Tien , Lin Ting-Yun
Published: June 2021

Previous studies have shown that mutations in the tumor suppressor gene von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) can result in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic inflammation and are a significant predisposing factor for the development of clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). To study VHL’s role in ccRCC formation, we previously developed a novel conditional knockout mouse model that mimicked the features of kidney inflammation and fibrosis that lead to cyst formation and hyperplasia. However, due to VHL’s complex cellular functions, the mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we used the HK‐2 cells and mouse primary renal tubule cells (mRTCs) carrying VHL mutations as models to study the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of ROS accumulation. We also studied the role of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in regulating macrophage recruitment by HK‐2 cells. We measured the level of ROS in HK‐2 cells in the presence or absence of LCN2 knockdown and found that the VHL mutation caused ROS overproduction, but an LCN2 knockdown could attenuate the process. VHL was also found to mediate the in vitro and in vivo expression and secretion of LCN2. Thus, VHL likely affects ROS production in an LCN2‐dependent manner. Our findings also suggest that LCN2 sensitizes the inflammatory response of HK‐2 cells and the chemotactic abilities of macrophage RAW264.7 cells. By demonstrating that the loss of function of von Hippel‐Lindau triggers lipocalin 2‐dependent inflammatory responses in cultured and primary renal tubular cells, our results offer novel insights into a potential therapeutic approach for interfering with the development of ccRCC.
Minimizing the Impacts of Desertification in an Arid Region: A Case Study of the West Desert of Iraq
Authors: Sayl Khamis Naba , Sulaiman Sadeq Oleiwi , Kamel Ammar Hatem , Muhammad Nur Shazwani , Abdullah Jazuri , Al-Ansari Nadhir
Published: June 2021

Currently, desertification is a major problem in the western desert of Iraq. The harsh nature, remoteness, and size of the desert make it difficult and expensive to monitor and mitigate desertification. Therefore, this study proposed a comprehensive and cost‐effective method, via the integration of geographic information systems (GISs) and remote sensing (RS) techniques to estimate the potential risk of desertification, to identify the most vulnerable areas and determine the most appropriate sites for rainwater conservation. Two indices, namely, the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Degradation Index (LDI), were used for a cadastral assessment of land degradation. The findings of the combined rainwater harvesting appropriateness map, and the maps of NDVI and LDI changes found that 65% of highly suitable land for rainwater harvesting lies in the large change and 35% lies in the small change of NDVI, and 85% of highly suitable land lies in areas with a moderate change and 12% lies in strong change of LDI. The adoption of the weighted linear combination (WLC) and Boolean methods within the GIS environment, and the analysis of NDVI with LDI changes can allow hydrologists, decision‐makers, and planners to quickly determine and minimize the risk of desertification and to prioritize the determination of suitable sites for rainwater harvesting.
An Analysis on the Positive Solutions for a Fractional Configuration of the Caputo Multiterm Semilinear Differential Equation
Authors: Rezapour Sh. , Azzaoui B. , Tellab B. , Etemad S. , Masiha H. P.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we consider a multiterm semilinear fractional boundary value problem involving Caputo fractional derivatives and investigate the existence of positive solutions by terms of different given conditions. To do this, we first study the properties of Green’s function, and then by defining two lower and upper control functions and using the wellknown Schauder’s fixed-point theorem, we obtain the desired existence criteria. At the end of the paper, we provide a numerical example based on the given boundary value problem and obtain its upper and lower solutions, and finally, we compare these positive solutions with exact solution graphically.
The Use of Methylene Blue during Liver Transplantation for Vasoplegia
Authors: Harding Paul , Nicholas Thomas , Kassel Cale
Published: June 2021

The use of methylene blue for vasoplegia in cardiac cases with cardiopulmonary bypass, septic shock, and acute liver failure is well documented. Use of MB for liver transplantation has been largely limited to case reports. We describe three separate liver transplantation patients with significant hypotension following reperfusion. Administration of methylene blue to each patient resulted in a significant decrease in vasopressor medication and two patients weaned completely. We argue that the use of MB should be considered as a treatment option for refractory hypotension.
Effects of Lipid Peroxidation‐Mediated Ferroptosis on Severe Acute Pancreatitis‐Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury and Bacterial Translocation
Authors: Ma Deliang , Jiang Pengling , Jiang Yingjian , Li Hongbo , Zhang Dianliang
Published: June 2021

Ferroptosis is a recently recognized type of regulated cell death characterized by iron‐ and lipid peroxidation‐mediated nonapoptotic cell death. However, whether ferroptosis is involved in severe acute pancreatitis‐ (SAP‐) induced intestinal barrier injury is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ferroptosis is involved in SAP‐induced intestinal barrier injury, particularly intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death, and determine whether the inhibition of ferroptosis would ameliorate intestinal barrier injury and prevent bacterial translocation (BT). Sodium taurocholate (5%) was retrogradely perfused into the biliopancreatic duct to establish a rat model of SAP. The rats were divided into three groups: sham operation (SO), SAP‐induced intestinal barrier injury (SAP), and ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin‐1 (SAP + Lip). Serum indexes were measured in the rats. In addition, the biochemical and morphological changes associated with ferroptosis were observed, including iron accumulation in intestinal tissue, lipid peroxidation levels, and mitochondrial shrinkage. Hematoxylin staining and eosin staining were used to assess histological tissue changes. Western blot, RT‐PCR, and immunofluorescent staining were performed to analyze the expression of ferroptosis‐related proteins and genes as well as tight junction. BT was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. The results indicated that ferroptosis was significantly induced in the IECs from rats with SAP and ferroptosis was mediated by lipid peroxidation. The specific lipid peroxidation of IECs clearly upregulated ferroptosis and exacerbated intestinal barrier injury. Furthermore, treatment with liproxstatin‐1 lowered the levels of serum damage markers, decreased lipid peroxidation, and alleviated intestinal and acute remote organ injury in SAP rats. In addition, inhibition of ferroptosis reduced BT. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that ferroptosis contributes to SAP‐induced intestinal barrier injury via lipid peroxidation‐mediated IEC death. These results suggest that ferroptosis is a potential therapeutic target for SAP‐induced intestinal barrier injury.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Artemisia vulgaris Leaves, Originating from Three Different Altitudes of Nepal
Authors: Pandey Jitendra , Bhusal Sushma , Nepali Laxman , Khatri Maya , Ramdam Rasmita , Barakoti Himal , Giri Paras Mani , Pant Dhakaraj , Aryal Pramod , Rokaya Rabindra Kumar , Bhandari Ravin
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the in vivo chronic anti-inflammatory efficacy, from the ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of Artemisia vulgaris leaves, grown at three different altitudes in Nepal, by formalin-induced paw edema in Swiss albino mice. Edema was induced on the mice paw by administering 0.2% of formalin injection. Indomethacin was used as a standard drug at the concentration of 5 mg/kg of body weight. Ethyl acetate and ethanolic leaves extract, at the concentration of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, were used as test drugs. Standard drug and all the extracts were administered 30 min before formalin injection. The paw thickness was measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 24, 48, and 72 hours after formalin injection, using a Vernier caliper. It was observed that both ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract from all the altitudes exhibited significant inhibition of paw edema (

p
<
0.05

) induced by formalin. Maximum activity was shown by 400 mg/kg of the plant leaf extract taken from the temperate zone, with 54.05% of paw edema inhibition, and it is almost similar to the inhibition of standard drug (56.75%). Moreover, the ethanolic extract was found to be more effective than ethyl acetate extract in all the plant samples. The results suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect of A. vulgaris leaves increases with an increase in altitudes and this plant can be used as a useful source of medicine to treat chronic inflammation.