bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning calibration of low-cost NO2 and PM10 sensors: non-linear algorithms and their impact on site transferability
Authors: Nowack Peer , Konstantinovskiy Lev , Gardiner Hannah , Cant John
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Low-cost air pollution sensors often fail to attain sufficient performance compared with state-of-the-art measurement stations, and they typically require expensive laboratory-based calibration procedures. A repeatedly proposed strategy to overcome these limitations is calibration through co-location with public measurement stations. Here we test the idea of using machine learning algorithms for such calibration tasks using hourly-averaged co-location data for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter of particle sizes smaller than 10 µm (PM10) at three different locations in the urban area of London, UK. We compare the performance of ridge regression, a linear statistical learning algorithm, to two non-linear algorithms in the form of random forest regression (RFR) and Gaussian process regression (GPR). We further benchmark the performance of all three machine learning methods relative to the more common multiple linear regression (MLR). We obtain very good out-of-sample R2 scores (coefficient of determination) >0.7, frequently exceeding 0.8, for the machine learning calibrated low-cost sensors. In contrast, the performance of MLR is more dependent on random variations in the sensor hardware and co-located signals, and it is also more sensitive to the length of the co-location period. We find that, subject to certain conditions, GPR is typically the best-performing method in our calibration setting, followed by ridge regression and RFR. We also highlight several key limitations of the machine learning methods, which will be crucial to consider in any co-location calibration. In particular, all methods are fundamentally limited in how well they can reproduce pollution levels that lie outside those encountered at training stage. We find, however, that the linear ridge regression outperforms the non-linear methods in extrapolation settings. GPR can allow for a small degree of extrapolation, whereas RFR can only predict values within the training range. This algorithm-dependent ability to extrapolate is one of the key limiting factors when the calibrated sensors are deployed away from the co-location site itself. Consequently, we find that ridge regression is often performing as good as or even better than GPR after sensor relocation. Our results highlight the potential of co-location approaches paired with machine learning calibration techniques to reduce costs of air pollution measurements, subject to careful consideration of the co-location training conditions, the choice of calibration variables and the features of the calibration algorithm.
Analytic characterization of random errors in spectral dual-polarized cloud radar observations
Authors: Myagkov Alexander , Ori Davide
Published: August 2021

Abstract. This study presents the ﬁrst-ever complete characterization of random errors in dual-polarimetric spectral observations of meteorological targets by cloud radars. The characterization is given by means of mathematical equations for joint probability density functions (PDF) and error covariance matrices. The derived equations are checked for consistency using real radar measurements. One of the main conclusions of the study is that the convenient representation of spectral polarimetric measurements including differential reﬂectivity ZDR, correlation coefﬁcient pHV, and differential phase ΦDP is not suited for the proper characterization of the error covariance matrix. This is because the aforementioned quantities are complex, non-linear functions of the radar raw data and thus their error covariance matrix is commonly derived using simpliﬁed linear relations and by neglecting the correlation of errors. This study formulates the spectral polarimetric measurements in terms of a different set of quantities that allows for a proper analytic treatment of their error covariance matrix. The results given in this study allow for utilization of spectral polarimetric measurements for advanced meteorological applications, among which are variational retrieval techniques, data assimilation, and sensitivity analysis.
Diel patterns in stream nitrate concentration produced by in-stream processes
Authors: Greiwe Jan , Weiler Markus , Lange Jens
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Diel variability in stream NO3- concentration
represents the sum of all processes affecting NO3- concentration
along the flow path. Being able to partition diel NO3- signals
into portions related to different biochemical processes would allow
calculation of daily rates of such processes that would be useful for water
quality predictions. In this study, we aimed to identify distinct diel
patterns in high-frequency NO3- monitoring data and investigated
the origin of these patterns. Monitoring was performed at three locations in
a 5.1 km long stream reach draining a 430 km2 catchment.
Monitoring resulted in 355 complete daily recordings on which we performed a
k-means cluster analysis. We compared travel time estimates to time lags
between monitoring sites to differentiate between in-stream and transport
control on diel NO3- patterns. We found that travel time failed to
explain the observed lags and concluded that in-stream processes prevailed
in the creation of diel variability. Results from the cluster analysis
showed that at least 70 % of all diel patterns reflected shapes typically
associated with photoautotrophic NO3- assimilation. The remaining
patterns suggested that other processes (e.g., nitrification, denitrification,
and heterotrophic assimilation) contributed to the formation of diel
NO3- patterns. Seasonal trends in diel patterns suggest that the
relative importance of the contributing processes varied throughout the
year. These findings highlight the potential in high-frequency water quality
monitoring data for a better understanding of the seasonality in biochemical
processes.
Production of definitive data from Indonesian geomagnetic observatories
Authors: Margiono Relly , Turbitt Christopher W. , Beggan Ciarán D. , Whaler Kathryn A.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Measurement of the geomagnetic field in Indonesia is undertaken by the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG). Routine activities at each observatory include the determination of declination, inclination, and total field using absolute and variation measurements. The oldest observatory is Tangerang (TNG), started in 1957, followed by Tuntungan (TUN) in 1980, Tondano (TND) in 1990, Pelabuhan Ratu (PLR) and Kupang (KPG) in 2000, and Jayapura (JAY) in 2012. One of the main obligations of a geomagnetic observatory is to produce final versions of data, released as definitive data, for each year and make them widely available both for scientific and non-scientific purposes, for example to the World Data Centre of Geomagnetism (WDC-G). Unfortunately, some Indonesian geomagnetic observatories do not share their data with the WDC-G and often have difficulty in producing definitive data. In addition, some more basic problems still exist, such as low-quality data due to anthropogenic or instrumental noise, a lack of data-processing knowledge, and limited observer training. In this study, we report on the production of definitive data from Indonesian observatories, and some recommendations are provided about how to improve the data quality. These methods and approaches are applicable to other institutes seeking to enhance their data quality and scientific utility, for example in main field modelling or space weather monitoring. The definitive data from the years 2010 to 2018 are now available in the WDC-G.
Hydrostreamer v1.0 – improved streamflow predictions for local applications from an ensemble of downscaled global runoff products
Authors: Kallio Marko , Guillaume Joseph H. A. , Virkki Vili , Kummu Matti , Virrantaus Kirsi
Published: August 2021

Abstract. An increasing number of different types of hydrological,
land surface, and rainfall–runoff models exist to estimate streamflow in
river networks. Results from various model runs from global to local scales
are readily available online. However, the usability of these products is
often limited, as they often come aggregated in spatial units which are not
compatible with the desired analysis purpose. We present here an R package,
a software library Hydrostreamer v1.0, which aims to improve the usability of existing runoff
products by addressing the modifiable area unit problem and allows
non-experts with little knowledge of hydrology-specific modelling issues and
methods to use them for their analyses. Hydrostreamer workflow includes (1) interpolation from source zones to target zones, (2) river routing, and (3) data assimilation via model averaging, given multiple input runoff and
observation data. The software implements advanced areal interpolation
methods and area-to-line interpolation not available in other products and
is the first R package to provide vector-based routing. Hydrostreamer is
kept as simple as possible – intuitive with minimal data requirements –
and minimises the need for calibration. We tested the performance of
Hydrostreamer by downscaling freely available coarse-resolution global
runoff products from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project
(ISIMIP) in an application in 3S Basin in Southeast Asia. Results are
compared to observed discharges as well as two benchmark streamflow data
products, finding comparable or improved performance. Hydrostreamer v1.0 is
open source and is available from http://github.com/mkkallio/hydrostreamer/ (last access: 5 May 2021) under the MIT licence.
Deep learning rainfall-runoff predictions of extreme events
Authors: Frame Jonathan , Kratzert Frederik , Klotz Daniel , Gauch Martin , Shelev Guy , Gilon Oren , Qualls Logan M. , Gupta Hoshin V. , Nearing Grey S.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The most accurate rainfall-runoff predictions are currently based on deep learning. There is a concern among hydrologists that data-driven models based on deep learning may not be reliable in extrapolation or for predicting extreme events. This study tests that hypothesis using Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs) and an LSTM variant that is architecturally constrained to conserve mass. The LSTM (and the mass-conserving LSTM variant) remained relatively accurate in predicting extreme (high return-period) events compared to both a conceptual model (the Sacramento Model) and a process-based model (US National Water Model), even when extreme events were not included in the training period. Adding mass balance constraints to the data-driven model (LSTM) reduced model skill during extreme events.
A framework to evaluate and elucidate the driving mechanisms of coastal sea surface pCO2 seasonality using an ocean general circulation model (MOM6-COBALT)
Authors: Roobaert Alizée , Resplandy Laure , Laruelle Goulven Gildas , Liao Enhui , Regnier Pierre
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The temporal variability of the sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and the underlying processes driving this variability are poorly understood in the coastal ocean. In this study, we tailor an existing method that quantifies the effects of thermal changes, biological activity, ocean circulation and fresh water fluxes to examine seasonal pCO2 changes in highly-variable coastal environments. We first use the Modular Ocean Model version 6 (MOM6) and biogeochemical module Carbon Ocean Biogeochemistry And Lower Trophics version 2 (COBALTv2) at a half degree resolution to simulate the coastal CO2 dynamics and evaluate it against pCO2 from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas database (SOCAT) and from the continuous coastal pCO2 product generated from SOCAT by a two-step neuronal network interpolation method (coastal-SOM-FFN, Laruelle et al., 2017). The MOM6-COBALT model not only reproduces the observed spatio-temporal variability in pCO2 but also in sea surface temperature, salinity, nutrients, in most coastal environments except in a few specific regions such as marginal seas. Based on this evaluation, we identify coastal regions of ‘high’ and ‘medium’ model skill where the drivers of coastal pCO2 seasonal changes can be examined with reasonable confidence. Second, we apply our decomposition method in three contrasted coastal regions: an Eastern (East coast of the U.S) and a Western (the Californian Current) boundary current and a polar coastal region (the Norwegian Basin). Results show that differences in pCO2 seasonality in the three regions are controlled by the balance between ocean circulation, biological and thermal changes. Circulation controls the pCO2 seasonality in the Californian Current, biological activity controls pCO2 in the Norwegian Basin, while the interplay between biology, thermal and circulation changes is key in the East coast of the U.S. The refined approach presented here allows the attribution of pCO2 changes with small residual biases in the coastal ocean, allowing future work on the mechanisms controlling coastal air-sea CO2 exchanges and how they are likely to be affected by future changes in sea surface temperature, hydrodynamics and biological dynamics.
Investigating the internal structure of the Antarctic ice sheet: the utility of isochrones for spatiotemporal ice-sheet model calibration
Authors: Sutter Johannes , Fischer Hubertus , Eisen Olaf
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Ice-sheet models are a powerful tool to project the evolution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and thus their future contribution to global sea-level changes. Testing the ability of ice-sheet models to reproduce the ongoing and past evolution of the ice cover in Greenland and Antarctica is a fundamental part of every modelling effort. However, benchmarking ice-sheet model results against real-world observations is a non-trivial process as observational data come with spatiotemporal gaps in coverage. Here, we present a new approach to assess the accuracy of ice-sheet models which makes use of the internal layering of the Antarctic ice sheet. We calculate isochrone elevations from simulated Antarctic geometries
and velocities via passive Lagrangian tracers, highlighting that a good fit of the model to two-dimensional datasets such as surface velocity and ice thickness does not guarantee a good match against the 3D architecture of the ice sheet and thus correct evolution over time. We show that palaeoclimate forcing schemes derived from ice-core records and climate models commonly used to drive ice-sheet models work well to constrain the 3D structure of ice flow and age in the interior of the East Antarctic ice sheet and especially along ice divides but fail towards the ice-sheet margin. The comparison to isochronal horizons attempted here reveals that simple heuristics of basal drag can lead to an overestimation of the vertical interior ice-sheet flow especially over subglacial basins. Our model observation intercomparison approach opens a new avenue for the improvement and tuning of current ice-sheet models via a more rigid constraint on model parameterisations and climate forcing, which will benefit model-based estimates of future and past ice-sheet changes.
Thermal structure of the Amery Ice Shelf from borehole observations and simulations
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhao Chen , Gladstone Rupert , Galton-Fenzi Ben , Warner Roland
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The Amery Ice Shelf (AIS), East Antarctica, has a layered structure, due to the presence of both meteoric and marine ice. In this study, the thermal structure of the AIS and its spatial pattern are evaluated and analysed through borehole observations and numerical simulations. In the area with marine ice, a near-isothermal basal layer up to 120 m thick is observed, which closely conforms to the pressure-dependent freezing temperature of seawater. In the area experiencing basal melting, large temperature gradients, up to −0.36 °C m−1, are observed at the base. Three-dimensional (3-D) steady-state temperature simulations with four different basal mass balance datasets reveal a high sensitivity of ice-shelf thermal structure to the distribution of basal mass balance. We also construct a one-dimensional (1-D) temperature column model to simulate the process of ice columns moving along flowlines with time-evolving boundary conditions, which achieves slightly better agreement with borehole observations than the 3-D simulations. Our simulations reveal internal cold ice advected from higher elevations by the AIS’s tributary glaciers, warming downstream along the ice flow, and we suggest the thermal structures dominated by the cold core ice may commonly exist among Antarctic ice shelves. For the marine ice, the porous structure of its lower layer and interactions with ocean below determine the local thermal regime and give rise to the near-isothermal phenomenon. The limitations in our simulations identify the need for ice shelf/ocean coupled models with improved thermodynamics and more comprehensive evaluation of boundary conditions. Given the temperature dependence of ice rheology, the depth-averaged ice stiffness factor B(Th) derived from the simulated temperature field is presented to quantify the influence of the temperature distribution on ice shelf dynamics. The full 3-D field of this factor will assist as an input to future modelling studies.
Chlorhexidine Cloth Overview for Surgical Infection Prevention
Authors:   Northwell Health Orthopaedics Lenox Hill Hospital New York, Chen Zhongming , Mont Michael ,   Northwell Health Orthopaedics Lenox Hill Hospital New York
Published: August 2021

Infections are one of the most devastating complications that occur after lower extremity total joint arthroplasty or any surgical procedure. As such, it has become a major priority to reduce them through various preoperative strategies. Popular prophylactic antimicrobials include alcohol-based solutions, povidone iodine, as well as combinations of chlorhexidine-based products to address an individual’s microbial load on the skin. Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum biocide with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The use of chlorhexidine cloths may be a choice over solutions, since some studies have shown that they can reduce lower extremity infection rates by greater than two-thirds. In this report, we will describe the scientific basis for the dual application technique of these cloths, as well as our general recommendations for usage for lower extremity arthroplasties and other surgical procedures. Multiple studies have demonstrated their efficacy, with a prospective randomized study of joint arthroplasties demonstrating a 2.9% deep infection rate without their use versus a reduction to 0.4%. In conclusion, we believe that these cloths are appropriate for use in all hip and knee lower extremity arthroplasties as well as other surgical procedures.
Monetary Policy Literature in the History of Islamic Economic Thinking
Authors: Amalia Alfi , Novirsari Emma , Shifa Mutiara
Published: August 2021

One of the Government's strategies is to promote the welfare aspect of the community's economic life. Economic development can be carried out with various strategies. One of them is empowering the wealth of natural resources that have been created by God. The government can open mines of gold, silver, coal, kerosene, gas, tin, etc. that are stored in the bowels of the earth as a form of natural empowerment. From another dimension, to maximize the ability of the economy, the government can make monetary and fiscal policies. In this paper, the author will explain how the government's monetary and fiscal policies in economic empowerment. Broadly speaking, the Islamic version of monetary policy is different from the non-Islamic version of monetary policy. This article focuses on the discussion of monetary policy in the history of Islamic economic thought, which will discuss how monetary policy was carried out in the early days of Islamic rule, starting from the time of the Prophet, his companions, to classical and contemporary economic thinkers. The explanations and descriptions that will be presented in this article can provide benefits both theoretically and practically regarding monetary policy in classical civilization, and its suitability for the present. The method used in writing this article uses a literature review approach, is used to collect relevant information related to monetary policy in the history of Islamic economic thought, secondary data in this article is collected from various research reports in order to obtain an explanation more comprehensive. The impact of monetary policy on the economy at the beginning of the Islamic Government was seen by the increasing demand for Aggregate Demand from the community after moving to Medina by bringing together muhajirin and ansar. With this brotherhood, each ansar is responsible for the muhajirin so that the distribution of income from ansar to muhajirin increases and has an impact on increasing the total demand of the community and resulting in an increase in resources, labor, land and capital.

Keywords: Monetary, Policy, Islam, Economy, Development.
Developing a Self-Report Tool to Measure Functional Limitation in Children Aged 7-12 Years with Physical Dysfunction
Authors: Ojha Gita Jyoti , Buckshee Ruchi Nagar
Published: August 2021

Objective: To develop a self-report questionnaire to measure functional limitation in children aged 7- 12 years with physical dysfunction.
Study design: Methodological research design
Method: The study was conducted in phases: drafting of the questionnaire, content validation, pilot testing, revision of the questionnaire, field testing and test-retest reliability. A total of 66 items were generated through a review of the literature and interviews of twenty five children, their parents and health-care professionals. Qualitative and quantitative content validation through expert review and item reduction resulted in a 59-item questionnaire which was pilot tested on a sample of 10 children with physical dysfunction. With further inputs the questionnaire was revised. Thus, the final questionnaire with 60 items in two versions (a child and a caregiver’s version) in both Hindi and English was developed.
Results: Qualitative review and Content validity was established for the Children’s Functional Limitation Scale. The questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.91), moderate agreement between parents and children (weighted kappa= 0.718) and good test-retest reliability (weighted kappa=0.88).
Conclusion: “Children’s Functional Limitation Scale” is a valid and reliable tool for documenting difficulties perceived by children with physical dysfunction. Also, the study demonstrates ability of children to reliably report their limitations.

Keywords: Functional limitation, Activities of Daily living, Self-Report, Questionnaire, Children with physical dysfunctions
Art Amidst Pandemic: How The Coronavirus Affected The Art World
Authors: Margaryan Ani
Published: August 2021

The current article is a scholarly attempt to analyse, categorise, classify changes and challenges related to the cultural aspect in times of coronavirus outbreak, quarantine and social distancing, marking the big picture of the phenomenal processes occurring in the art spheres of the entire world. Through analysing prominent examples of the art mirroring the new reality, depicting atmosphere, environment, circumstances, positive and negative sides of pandemic time, employing different artistic signatures, manners, abstract and naturalistic approaches, sophisticated and simplified compositions, we uncovered the increasing role and function of the art in general, the high demand of cartoons, illustrations and rapid growth of digital art, attempts of nationalising the new dominating subject matter – idealised images of healthcare workers confronting the disease. The latter was visually represented by allegories, metaphors, symbols and embodiments, reaching the audience by its expressiveness. However, considering the fact, that the end of pandemic period remains unclear yet, our research has the notable perspective of continuity.
Концепция отражения некоторых композиционных особенностей в контексте сонаты для скрипки и фортепиано Арно Бабаджаняна (К 100-летию со дня рождения А. Бабаджаняна)
Authors: Тамироглян Анна
Published: August 2021

Эта работа посвящена анализу Сонаты для скрипки и фортепиано Арно Бабаджаняна, созданная в начале II половины XX века, которая рассматривается сквозь призму отражения концепции композиторского мышления первого столетия XXI века. По сути, Соната – произведение авангардного направления, в котором изучение как частных, так и общих критериев, формообразующих факторов, композиционных особенностей современными средствами выразительности, способствует более глубокому освоению музыкально-теоретического материала и выявлению идейного содержания этого полотна.
This article is dedicated to the analysis of the Sonata for violin and piano by Arno Babajanyan, created in the beginning of second half of the XX century (1959-60), in which is viewed through the prizm of reflection of the concept of composer’s thinking of the first half of the XXI century. In fact, the Sonata is a work of the avant-garde direction, in which the study of both particular and general criteria of formative factors, compositional features with modern means of expression, contributes to a deeper development of musical - theoretical material, and, therefore, the identification of the ideological content of this canvas.
DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PADA MCDONALD’S CABANG SHINTA KARAWACI
Authors: Nurhalim Andres Dharma
Published: August 2021

The fast food industry is one of the sectors affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The prohibition of large-scale social interaction in the community, such as holding meetings during the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) established by each region, also contributed to a sharp decline in food and beverage sales. The average result of the COVID-19 pandemic impact variable questionnaire (X) at McDonald's Shinta Karawaci Branch was 68% in the good category. Of all the indicators of the statement, it can be seen that the lowest indicator is "Is the pandemic affecting your income" with a result of 52%, which can be seen from the general description of the respondents of McDonald's customers at Shinta Karawaci Branch, most of whom are private employees. The average result of the questionnaire total Customer Loyalty (Y) at McDonald's Shinta Karawaci Branch is 71.8% which is included in the good category. Of all these indicators, there is one indicator that has the smallest value, namely "Customers have a desire to recommend McDonald's Shinta Karawaci Branch to others". From the results of observations and interviews conducted, this is caused by several factors, one of which is the price of products offered by McDonald's Shinta Karawaci Branch which is in the upper middle category and Shinta Karawaci Branch's McDonald's outlets are still not evenly distributed, there are only a few in the city center. big. From the results of simple linear regression analysis, it is known that the influence of variable X for the COVID-19 pandemic has no effect on customer loyalty at McDonald's Shinta Karawaci Branch, variable Y.
Student Services Center (SSC): Upaya pembinaan prestasi, karir, dan kewirausahaan bagi mahasiswa melalui community based participatory research
Authors: Anwar Saiful
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this service is to develop academic competence, non-academic competence, entrepreneurial competence and prepare the careers of students and alumni of the Islamic Economics and Business Faculty IAIN Salatiga. The service is carried out using a Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach. Laying foundation is done by analyzing the situation, reasons for choosing partners, conditions of assistance. partner engagement plans, and framing research questions for action plans. The tools used are community mapping in the hope of capturing the strengths, potentials, and issues that exist among students. Action plans carried out by establishing the Students Service Center (SSC), Launching Students Service Center (SSC), developing student academic competencies through presentation skill training, debate competition mentoring/coaching, business plan mentoring/coaching, training in writing scientific papers, developing non-technical competencies student academics through futsal day and volleyball day, developing student entrepreneurship potential by mentoring millennial entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship talk shows, halal food festivals, student career development through advanced study seminars, scholarship interview mentoring, leadership talk shows, work simulations. The contribution of this research creates social changes in the research process and meaningful results that can improve campus reputation through student achievement
Sexually transmitted infections in indigenous communities of the Alto Rio Solimões
Authors: Gruber André Gabriel , Pereira Pablo Michel Barcelos , Cassol Maria Eduarda Grasel , Portela Williams Ferreira , Bitencourt Rafael Mariano de , Goldim Mariana Pereira de Souza
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) among indigenous communities is an appalling issue related to Brazilian public health, as there is an increasing underreporting and neglect related to the study and care of these people. Objective: To determine the prevalence of STI in the indigenous population of the Alto Rio Solimões. Methods: STI diagnostic records from the database of the Indigenous Health Care Information System - SIASI, of the indigenous communities of the Alto Rio Solimões, belonging to the Nova Itália base, in Amazonas, were evaluated during the period from January 2010 to August 2020. Sociodemographic data were also evaluated to determine the profile of the diagnosed indigenous population and the geographical and temporal distribution of cases. Results: The overall prevalence rate of STIs was 3.91% (113 notifications of STI in the population of 2890 indigenous people). The largest number of diagnosed cases was in Nova Itália (60.17%). The ethnic group with the highest number of cases was Tikuna (92.03%). Among the STI studied, gonorrhea / chlamydia had the highest prevalence (68.14%), followed by Hepatitis B (13.27%) and Syphilis (10.61%). Most cases were found among women (71.7%), aged 30–34 years. Conclusion: A higher prevalence of STIs was observed in indigenous women, mainly from the Nova Itália town and the Tikuna ethnic group.
A formális és informális önkéntesség : Az Önkéntesség Magyarországon 2018. felvétel szerint
Authors: Gyorgyovich Miklós
Published: August 2021

Az Önkéntesség Magyarországon 2018. c. kutatás 2000 fős, a magyar felnőtt lakosságot nem, korcsoport, iskolai végzettség és településtípus szerint reprezentáló adatfelvétele alapján vizsgálta a magyarországi önkéntesség helyzetét. Tanulmányunkban a kutatás adatbázisa alapján ketté választottuk és külön vizsgáltuk a hazai formális (tehát intézményi keretek között tevékenykedő) és informális önkénteseket. Mint nemzetközi trendek is rávilágítanak, az önkéntesek túlnyomó többsége Magyarországon is (részben) informális úton tevékenykedik, harmaduk viszont formális önkéntesként (is) vállal feladatokat. A két csoport között nem minden szempontból húzható éles határ, azonban több aspektusból is eltérő, továbbgondolást igénylő tulajdonságaik vannak. Egyfelől kiviláglik, hogy a formális önkéntesek körében magasabb az 50 év alattiak, az érettségivel vagy diplomával rendelkezők, az anyagilag jobb módban élők és a vallásosabbak aránya is. Ezen kívül rámutatunk arra is, hogy némileg eltér egymástól a két típus által végzett feladatok jellege is: míg az informálisok inkább egyszerűbb szívességeket és fizikai segítséget nyújtanak, addig a formális önkéntesség keretében inkább szolgáltatáscentrikusabb és komplexebb feladatokat is magasabb arányban végeznek. Emellett a formális önkéntesek átlagosan valamivel gyakrabban is önkénteskednek, azonban az is látható volt, hogy az önkéntességgel töltött napok átlaga azok körében volt magas, akik "életmódszerűen" élik az önkéntességet, azaz a formális keretek mellett informális módon is segítenek.
Experiences Endure
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   CharacterLab
Published: August 2021

If you buy me Creepy Crawlers, I swear I will never, ever, ever ask for another toy!”

This was my impassioned argument for the must-have toy of the 1978 holiday season. That year, girls and boys across the country begged and pleaded for a machine that made rubbery bugs out of something called “plasti-goop.”

“Won't you get bored of it?” my mom must have asked.

“No, never! I promise!” I must have insisted.

To my amazement, Creepy Crawlers showed up under the tree that year. I was so excited that, as soon as I unwrapped it, I lay down on my belly, speed-read the directions, and before long, was making a plasti-goop butterfly. It was a miracle. Everything I'd imagined and more.

But by the fourth plasti-goop bug, I was done. I had no interest in making a fifth. The toy gathered dust until, years later, my mom found it in the back of my closet and threw it out.

Scientists have a word for the new getting old and for delight dimming to doldrums. It's called “habituation.”
An integrated agent-based model of travel demand and package deliveries
Authors: Reiffer Anna , Kübler Jelle , Briem Lars , Kagerbauer Martin , Vortisch Peter
Published: August 2021

With the increased shift from in-store shopping to e-commerce, we can expect the share of delivery vehicles in cities to rise as well. This puts great pressure on cities and surrounding areas as emissions rise and space becomes scarce. Because the last leg of the delivery chain is so costly, there have been many studies on how the last-mile issue can be diminished. However, most studies only cover deliveries independently from the orders. This paper presents a modelling approach that integrates travel demand, package orders and subsequent deliveries within the same framework. One of the benefits of the integrated modelling approach is that the model can evaluate the agents’ locations at all times during the simulation. This allows us to model different states of delivery on a microscopic level. We have applied the model to Karlsruhe, Germany with a synthetic population of just over 300.000 agents. The results show that the model simulates both package orders and the subsequent delivery tours realistically. The model framework allows for detailed analysis of delivery states and success rates and can be used for scenario analysis of different delivery methods and changes in online shopping behaviour.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR GULING DEPAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN SENAM LANTAI MELALUI MODEL PERMAINAN
Authors: Tho Chandra Dini , Syamsulrizal Syamsulrizal , Razali Razali , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Tujuan  Penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar guling depan Pada pembelajaran senam lantai melalui model permainan , pada SMP Kemala Bhayangkari 2 Jakarta, Jakarta Selatan. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah tindakan kelas yang mengikuti model Kemmis dan Taggart. Penelitian ini direncanakan 3 siklus dimana masing-masing siklus 4 tahap yaitu planning, acting, observasing dan reflecting. Waktu penelitian adalah 3 bulan dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 30 siswa, sedangkan data dikumpulkan melalui test, wawancara dan observasi. Nilai rata-rata siswa pada kondisi awal sebesar 70,46 dengan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 38,46%. Kondisi tersebut mengalami peningkatan nilai rata-rata siswa pada siklus I yaitu sebesar 73,08 dan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 57,69%. Pada siklus II nilai rata-rata kemampuan guling depan siswa kembali mengalami peningkatan sebesar 82,82 dengan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 80,77%.
USAHA PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS PADA PRODUKSI CPO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE OBJECTIVE MATRIKS (OMAX) DI PT. INKA BINA AGRO WISESA
Authors: Irwansyah Defi , Hidayat M
Published: August 2021

PT. Inka Bina Agro Wisesa adalah salah satu perusahaan di Desa Guha Uleue, Kecamatan Kuta makmur, Kabupaten Aceh Utara, provinsi Aceh yang menghasilkan produk berupa minyak mentah atau CPO (Crude Palm Oil) dan Kernel. PT. Inka Bina Agro Wisesa yang dituntut untuk melakukan peningkatan produktivitas. Pengukuran produktivitas sangatlah penting karena pada pengukuran produktivitas dapat menentukan apakah perusahaan tersebut memenuhi target produktivitas untuk produksi atau tidak. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengukuran produktivitas untuk mengetahui nilai produktivitas dan usaha peningkatan produktivitas pada produksi CPO di PT. Inka Bina Agro Wisesa. Salah satu metode pengukuran produktivitas yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut adalah Objective Matrix (OMAX). Metode ini digunakan untuk mengidentifikasikan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dan yang kurang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan produktivitas. Hasil perhitungan indeks produktivitas setiap periode menggambarkan penurunan dan peningkatan produktivitas yang dicapai oleh perusahaan. Pada hasil perhitungan PT. Inka Bina Agro Wisesa setiap bulan mengalami perubahan produktivitas yang tidak stabil, pada bulan November 2019 Produktivitas PT. Inka Bina Agro Wisesa mengalami penurunan pada bulan November 2019 sebesar – 80,39% dan mengalamai peningkatan yang cukup tinggi pada bulan berikutnya yaitu bulan Desember sebesar 594,96%. Pada bulan berikutnya PT. Inka Bina Agro Wisesa. Pada bulan berikutnya PT. Inka Bina Agro Wisesa mengalami penurunan produktivitasnya pada bulan Januari 2020 dan pada bulan Februari 2020 sampai -23,73%. Selanjutnya produktivitas pada bulan Maret hingga bulan September 2020 produktivitas PT. Inka Bina Agro Wisesa tidak stabil terjadi naik dan penurunan.
ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA OPERATOR BAGIAN BOILER DENGAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA FISIK DI PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA III PKS SISUMUT
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Melinda Pane Ayrianti , Muzakir Muzakir
Published: August 2021

Beban kerja merupakan beban yang diterima oleh pekerja akibat pelaksanaan kerja, yang mana beban kerja ini diterima oleh tubuh akibat melaksanakan suatu aktivitas kerja. Stasiun boiler merupakan salah satu stasiun yang ada di PT Perkebunan Nusantara III PKS Sisumut. Ketel uap (boiler) digunakan sebagai sumber tenaga dan sumber uap yang akan dipakai untuk mengolah kelapa sawit.. Stasiun boiler mempunyai suhu ruangan sebesar 29-420C akibat dipengaruhi oleh paparan panas dari tungku pembakaran boiler. Operator bekerja selama 8 jam kerja per hari dan berada di lingkungan kerja yang panas. Melalui pengukuran beban kerja, maka akan diketahui apakah kerja beban kerja seorang operator sudah optimal dengan adanya pengaruh temperatur disekitar lingkungan. Beban kerja yang diperoleh dari perhitungan komsumsi energi didapat hasil nilai rata-rata E = 8,031 Kkal/menit dan nilai rata-rata %CVL = 60,39 (kerja dalam waktu singkat) dikategorikan bahwa beban kerja operator merupakan beban kerja berat yang berarti operator tidak diperbolehkan beraktivitas dalam waktu yang lama. Dan temperatur yang diperoleh dari perhitungan rata-rata nilai ISBB pada stasiun boiler adalah 33,50C. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa iklim kerja di stasiun boiler melebihi NAB. Dengan demikian, temperatur pada lingkungan kerja merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya kelelahan operator boiler saat bekerja. Berdasarkan persamaan regresi antara denyut nadi kerja dan temperatur diperoleh nilai korelasi 1,000. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa denyut nadi kerja mempunyai hubungan antara denyut nadi kerja dengan temperatur. Semakin tinggi temperatur maka denyut nadi juga akan semakin cepat.
ANALISIS POSTUR KERJA MENGGUNAKAN METODE RAPID UPPER LIMB ASSESMENT (RULA) PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN PLAT SAMBUNG TIANG PANCANG PT WIJAYA KARYA BETON, TBK BINJAI
Authors: Erliana Cut Ita , Amri Khairul
Published: August 2021

PT Wijaya Karya Beton suatu perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang kontruksi beton dimana distribusinya mencakup hampir seluruh indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pekerja di stasiun kerja pembuatan plat sambung pada work shop plat sambung. Para pekerja tersebut bekerja secara repetitif dengan postur tubuh yang tidak efektif sehingga hasil kuesioner Nordic Body Map menunjukkan adanya keluhan rasa sakit dan nyeri pada beberapa bagian tubuh yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas para pekerja. Nilai postur kerja yang memiliki level resiko tertinggi adalah elemen kerja meletakkan besi spiral pada mesin gulung spiral dengan postur bungkuk, proses mengeluarkan besi spiral pada mesin gulung spiral dengan postur jongkok, pengambilan plat sambung dari gudang penyimpanan dengan postur berdiri dengan beban lebih dari 10 kg dan proses pengelasan tulangan angkur dengan plat sambung dengan postur bungkuk, ke 4 elemen kerja tersebut memiliki skor 7, sehingga postur kerja pada elemen ini harus diperbaiki sekarang juga.
Comparison of postoperative pain and pain control techniques in uniportal and biportal VATS and open surgery patients
Authors: CETINKAYA Cagatay , BILGI Zeynep , LACIN Tunc , BOSTANCI Korkut , YILDIZELI Bedrettin , YUKSEL Mustafa , BATIREL Hasan Fevzi
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Thoracotomy causes intense postoperative pain which may become chronic. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)leads to less postoperative pain compared with thoracotomy. In this study, we analyzed pain scores in patients who underwent lungresections with VATS or thoracotomy.Patients and Methods: Patients who underwent lung resections with uniportal, biportal VATS or thoracotomy between May 2015– May 2017 were included in the study. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores were recorded on postoperative day 1, 5 (or atdischarge), 2nd week, 1st and 3rd months. Patients were classified in 3 groups, uniportal VATS (n=178), biportal VATS (n=15),thoracotomy (n=60). Demographics, resection type, mortality, morbidity and epidural catheter use were recorded.Results: Two hundred and fifty-three patients (average age was 57.3 ± 12.7, 94 females) were included in the study. Median hospitalstay was 5 days. Uniportal and biportal groups had significantly lower pain scores in all intervals compared with thoracotomy. Nochronic pain was seen in VATS groups. Uniportal and biportal groups had similar pain scores at all times. Epidural use or size ofspecimen did not affect pain in VATS patients (p=0.18 vs p=0.68).Conclusion: Video-assisted thoracic surgery decreases the need for epidural patient control analgesia. Specimen size does not affectpostoperative pain and chronic pain is rare.
From Ideas to Action: Transforming Learning to Inspire Action on Critical Global Issues
Authors: Gibson Heidi
Published: August 2021

Transforming learning from a passive to an active endeavor is critically important in today’s world. In 2015, the United Nations identified seventeen Sustainable Development Goals that represent a global consensus on the world’s most pressing issues. Realizing these ambitious goals will require concerted action at all levels, including local action. Young people are valuable components of this, and their learning experiences should both inform and inspire them as current and future changemakers. From Ideas to Action articulates the theoretical basis of Smithsonian Science for Global Goals, a series of socio-scientific community research guides focused on achieving a systemic understanding of global problems with the goal of inspiring young people to take informed and sustained action to help address global issues.
Viajantes confiam no conselho obtido nas comunidades de viagem online? um estudo baseado no Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Authors: Costa da Silva Ayslane , Serafim da Silva Danilo , Mendes Filho Luiz , De Oliveira Alexandre Mauro Lemuel
Published: August 2021

Objetivo do estudo: Analisar os fatores que influenciam o conselho obtido em Comunidades de Viagem Online (CVO) na escolha do destino turístico.Metodologia/abordagem: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratório-descritiva com abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se de técnicas de análise estatística e métodos multivariados básicos e avançados como análise fatorial exploratória, confirmatória e modelagem de Equações Estruturais, a partir do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).Originalidade/Relevância: Este estudo substancia os efeitos das dimensões do Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) e da confiança na intenção de seguir o conselho em CVO na escolha de um destino turístico. O Modelo Conceptual derivado desta pesquisa ajuda os profissionais a estimular o envolvimento do cliente a partir da perspectiva das interações de socialização baseadas na confiança e na atitude em relação à CVO.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Ao escolherem a CVO como fonte de informação, viajantes sentem-se confiantes em receber conselhos. As dimensões de confiança (honestidade, benevolência, competência) expressam-se em aspectos de relacionamento mutuo entre os usuários, ao assumirem papel de parceiros na CVO. Ao integrar o TAM, nesse contexto, a confiança reforça a relevância e contribuição teórica de ser antecedente significativo da intenção no comportamento de viagem, sustentada pelo papel social e informal de comunicação em CVO.Principais resultados: A confiança na CVO mostra-se como principal antecedente a fim de formar a atitude em relação ao conselho obtido na CVO, na utilidade percebida do conselho e na intenção de seguir esse conselho na CVO. Por outro lado, a utilidade não demonstrou ser um fator determinante na atitude tampouco na intenção de seguir o conselho obtido na CVO.
How Many Collocations do Heritage Speakers Know?
Authors: Zyzik Eve
Published: August 2021

The current study examines a previously understudied dimension of heritage speakers’ lexical knowledge by focusing on verbal collocations. Two tests were designed in order to assess both receptive (recognition) and productive (recall) knowledge of sixty Spanish collocations. The collocations were divided into three types (congruent, partially congruent, and incongruent) based on a ratings survey that established their degree of correspondence with English. Participants’ language dominance and their use of Spanish in various daily activities were included as individual variables. The results indicate that the participants knew a vast majority of the collocations on the recognition test, but that their ability to recall the collocations was somewhat more limited. Congruency had a significant effect on participants’ performance, but this finding must be interpreted in light of the interaction between congruency and word frequency. Significant correlations were found between performance on both tests and language dominance, as well as a number of variables involving interaction in Spanish (text messaging) and exposure (listening to music, reading for fun). These data are discussed in relation to previous studies on the acquisition of collocations and heritage speakers’ knowledge of individual words.
Heidegger, Embodiment, and Disability
Authors: Reynolds Joel Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2021

Most interpreters of Heidegger’s reflections on the body maintain that—whether early, middle, or late in the Gesamtausgabe—Dasein’s or the mortal’s openness to being/beyng is the ground of the fleshly or bodily (das Leibliche), but not the reverse. In this paper, I argue that there is evidence from Heidegger’s own oeuvre demonstrating that this relationship is instead mutually reciprocal. That is to say, I contend that corporeal variability is constitutive of Dasein’s openness to being just as Dasein’s openness to being is constitutive of its corporeal variability. Understood in this way, Heidegger’s thinking puts forward what I call a corpoietic understanding of the body and of the meaning of ability. I show that, despite the ableist assumptions at play in much of Heidegger’s work, such an understanding is nevertheless grounded in the idea of access, a central concept in philosophy of disability and disability studies. After developing this idea of ability as access, I close by addressing the larger political stakes of using Heidegger’s work to think about embodiment and disability given the Third Reich’s mass slaughter of people with disabilities.