bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust denoising FCM clustering via L2,1 NMF and local constraint
Authors: Li Xiangli , Fan Xuezhen , Lu Xiyan
Published: November 2023

The Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm is widely used in data mining and
machine learning. However, the sensitivity of FCM to the initial value
and noise inevitably leads to the decline of the clustering effect. In
this paper, a new improved fuzzy clustering algorithm is proposed—
Robust denoising FCM clustering via L 2 , 1 NMF and local constraint
(RFCM- L 2 , 1 NMF). Firstly, RFCM- L 2 , 1 NMF combines the L 2 , 1 NMF
that has noise residual estimation with FCM, using the robustness and
noise constraint terms of the L 2 , 1 NMF to attenuate the effect of
noise on data clustering. Secondly, RFCM- L 2 , 1 NMF uses the
low-dimensional representation of L 2 , 1 NMF as the initial value of
FCM, which reduces the defects of FCM caused by the initial value to a
certain extent, and makes the clustering effect more stable.
Furthermore, since the low-dimensional representation of L 2 , 1 NMF is
the hub connecting L 2 , 1 NMF and FCM, to obtain a more accurate
low-dimensional representation, we construct a new local constraint term
in this paper. Finally, experiments on data sets validate that RFCM- L 2
, 1 NMF is superior compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Do Invaders Conform to Biogeographic “Rules”? Testing Allen’s, Bergmann’s, and Gloger’s Rules in Monk Parakeets
Authors: Montaño-Centellas Flavia , Rees Charles van , Block Kali , White Rachel , Rubega Margaret , Burgio Kevin
Published: November 2023

Biogeographic rules illustrate linkages between selective pressures and
morphological traits among species that occur along broad environmental
(usually latitudinal) gradients. Most research on such rules consists of
observational studies, lacking any forms of experimental control.
Species invasions, especially those consisting of multiple, independent
introductions, present a form of natural experiment by which these rules
can be more rigorously assessed. Here, we investigate whether the
morphological traits of both native and non-native invasive populations
of Monk Parakeet, a widespread invasive parrot distributed in North
America, follow Allen’s, Bergmann’s, and Gloger’s rules. Furthermore, we
go beyond correlations between latitude and morphological traits, and
investigate specific climatic variables pertaining to prevailing
precipitation and temperature conditions for their effects on
morphology. Analyzing morphological measurements from 148 study skins
from North and South America, we found statistical support for
latitudinal effects on body mass consistent with predictions from
Bergmann’s rule, but no support for Allen’s rule as no effects of
latitude on bill length were detected once we corrected it for body
size. Our findings show that areas with warmer winters and higher
precipitation were associated with smaller specimens with larger wings.
We also found areas with higher minimum precipitation were associated
with specimens with larger bills relative to body size, a pattern
potentially related with feeding resources. We observed no relationship
between plumage luminance and latitude or climatic variables, suggesting
that monk parakeets do not adhere to Gloger’s rule.
Sustainable Agricultural Intensification: understanding the role of institutional and socio-economic factors on Adoption and Adoption Intensity in smallholder farmer context
Authors: Kule Enos Katya , Agole David , Obia Alfred , Okello Daniel , Odongo Walter
Published: November 2023

Despite the critical role Sustainable Agricultural Intensification
Practices (SAIPs) play in improving crop productivity, limited knowledge
exists on the factors that affect their adoption and adoption intensity.
This paper examined the influence of institutional and socio-economic
factors on the adoption and adoption intensity of SAIPs in maize
production. Data were collected using a questionnaire from 320 maize
farmers randomly selected from the Kamuli and Jinja districts in Eastern
Uganda. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary
regression. Results revealed that the highest adopted SAIP was improved
maize varieties (at 58%) while conservation tillage was the least
adopted (at only 36%). Institutional factors i.e., access to extension
services, access to credit, market access, and group membership
influenced both the adoption and adoption intensity of SAIPs, while
socio-economic factors i.e., gender, family labor, and land ownership
mainly influenced the adoption intensity. While the paper underscores
the critical role of extension institutions in promoting technology
adoption, it also underlines the need to consider individual constraints
in intensifying technology adoption. The paper concludes that public and
private extension agencies need to tailor-make agricultural technology
promotion to ensure the adoption and adoption intensity of these
technologies. Tailor-making agricultural technology promotion strategies
will ensure that farmers with the appropriate socio-economic
characteristics are reached for effective technology adoption and
intensity.
Effectiveness of symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria on Stylosanthes guianensis from alluvial gold mine spoils in Madre de Dios
Authors: Redhead Cristian Richard Sierra , Ramirez Manuel Velasquez , Torres Dennis del Castillo , Barrantes Juan Guerrero , Gomringer Ronald Corvera
Published: November 2023

The Madre de Dios region in southeastern Peru, known for its biological
and cultural diversity, is threatened by alluvial gold mining, which has
led to deforestation and ecosystem degradation. This article focuses on
the nodulation capacity of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the
plant Stylosanthes guianensis in areas degraded by alluvial gold
mining in Madre de Dios. The objectives were to characterize bacterial
strains, evaluate their nodulation capacity and their influence on plant
growth in mining substrate. The results indicate that the inoculation of
these bacteria had a positive impact on the development of S.
guianensis, promoting growth and the formation of effective nodules in
all test conditions. In addition, it was observed that the slow-growing
strains in vitro had a more beneficial effect on plant growth than the
fast-growing strains. These findings suggest that inoculation of
nitrogen-fixing bacteria may be an effective strategy for the
restoration of degraded areas, highlighting the importance of symbiosis
between these bacteria and the plant in the recovery of degraded
ecosystems, and raises the need for further research to better
understand the species involved in biological nitrogen fixation and to
determine the best inoculants to increase forage yields of S.
guianensis.
Functional connectivity induced by social cognition task predict individual differences in loneliness
Authors: Geng Li , Meng Jie , Feng Qiuyang , Li Yu , Qiu Jiang
Published: November 2023

Background: Loneliness poses threats to both physical and mental
well-being and has become a critical public health concern. Loneliness
is intricately connected to social cognition, yet the precise brain
mechanisms that underscore their relationship need further exploration.
Hence, the current study aims to unveil the contribution of brain
functional connectivity induced by social cognition to the prediction of
loneliness. Methods: The present study employed a theory of mind
processing task that engaged participants in assessing the trajectories
of geometric shapes while undergoing fMRI scans. The comprehensive data
pool encompassed loneliness assessments and brain imaging data from a
cohort of 157 participants. Utilizing a machine learning approach,
task-induced functional connectivity data was used to predict
individuals’ loneliness scores. Results： The findings unveil that
specific patterns of task-induced alterations in brain functional
connectivity could predict loneliness scores. Further dissection of the
data disclosed pivotal nodes, including the prefrontal cortex,
temporoparietal junction, and amygdala, among other cerebral regions.
Furthermore, functional connectivity among the pre-defined social
network, the default mode network, and somatomotor networks emerged as
crucial factors in prediction. Conclusion: Brain regions contributed
strongly in prediction are involved in a variety of social cognitive
processes, including intention inference, empathy, and information
integration. The results illuminate the association between brain
functional connectivity induced by social cognition and loneliness,
which enhance the comprehensive understanding of this complex emotional
state and may have implications for its diagnosis and intervention.
Ant colony optimization technique optimized controller for frequency stabilization of an isolated power system with non-linearity
Authors: Kumarakrishnan Venkatachalam , Vijayakumar Govindaraj , Prakash Ragupathi , Saravanan Siddhan
Published: November 2023

The load frequency control of a thermal power producing system, the ant colony optimization (ACO) approach adjusted proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is proposed. This work examines the single area thermal power system with /without generation rate constraint. For emergency situations, a PID controller is developed and used to regulate power system characteristics. This study uses the ACO method with the integral time absolute error objective function optimize controller gain values. In addition, the performance of the suggested approach is evaluated by introducing non-linearity components to the power-generating systems under study. Conventional, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithms (GA) approach tuned controller responses are compared with ACO. Fast settling with minimal peak and undershoots in the producing power supply of the system under emergency loading situations demonstrates the superiority of the proposed controller over competing controllers.
Entrepreneurs’ preferences towards online market research packages: A discrete choice analysis
Authors: Nikolic Ognjen
Published: November 2023

Startups have become a buzzword in the last couple of years, and entrepreneurship became career path for a number of people in the world. With all the advances in education and government subsidizing all over the world, still, statistics shows only a small percentage of successful startups. Studies have shown that the one the leading reasons for startup failure is the misreading of market?s needs. The aim of this paper is to determine the approach to market research, knowledge of tools and methods, and preferences towards online market research tools of entrepreneurs by using Discrete Choice Analysis. The research gathered 187 valid responses from a panel of participants working on developing new products and business, using an online survey tool. In the paper it is shown that the most important attributes for entrepreneurs are the price of the market research tool, followed by the level of details in the report generated, with more in-depth analysis regarding segmentation, simulations, and Marginal Willingness to Pay in the further chapters. The results of the research imply the need for a market research business model optimized for those starting a new business, focused primarily on detailed reporting and analysis, with the pricing model adjusted to the lack of resources entrepreneurs face at the start of their ventures, which would help them better understand the market-fit at the beginning and raise the statistic of successful startups.
Parameters for calculation of three-dimensional electromagnetic field by asymptotic expansion method
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Vasetskyi Yuriy , Mazurenko Iryna ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine
Published: November 2023

The paper deals with an approximate analytical solution of a three-dimensional problem of the theory of electromagnetic field, which is based on the use of asymptotic expansion under the condition of a strong skin-effect for a field produced by a closed current-carrying loop located near a conducting half-space. It is noted that each member of an asymptotic series is determined with an error, the value of which depends on the value of a small parameter and increases with increasing the index of series member resulting in limited number of its members. It is identified that when using the method of asymptotic expansion, the number of members of a series can be limited by the relatively small number, which is determined by the specified limits of the allowable accuracy of calculation (relative error). The authors determine the optimal number of asymptotic series members, and indicate that calculation accuracy depends on the value of a small parameter, and for a specific conducting material it depends on the field frequency and the minimum distance from external field sources to a conducting body.
Unregulated transistor inverter for high-frequency magamp power converters
Authors:   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Yaskiv Volodymyr , Yurchenko Oleg ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2023

This article sets basic requirements for an unregulated high-frequency transistor inverter designed to work with regulators on magnetic amplifiers. The process of the development of such an inverter is described and the main results of its experimental research are given.
Efecto de la harina de Chenopodium quinua, del tiempo y la temperatura de fermentación en el volumen de masa fermentada y en la calidad del pan francés
Authors: Trasmonte Pinday Wilfredo
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el porcentaje en la sustitución de harina de trigo (HT) por harina de quinua (HQ), tiempo y temperatura de fermentación que influyen en el volumen de la masa fermentada y aceptabilidad del pan francés. El método consistió en la formulación, análisis de harinas y análisis reológico de mezclas determinándose, en el farinógrafo: el índice de absorción de agua, el tiempo de desarrollo, la estabilidad, el índice de tolerancia de mezclado; en el extensógrafo: la energía de mezclado, la resistencia a extensión y extensibilidad y en el amilógrafo: el inicio de la gelatinización, la temperatura de gelatinización y la gelatinización máxima. La elaboración de formulaciones consistió en un arreglo factorial de 4*2*6 en porcentajes de harina de quinua (5, 10, 15 y 20 %), temperaturas (25 y 30°C) y tiempos de fermentación (20, 30, 40, 50 y 60 min), se determinó el volumen de la masa fermentada de tratamientos y en el producto final la aceptabilidad del pan en color, sabor, textura y aspecto general mediante una escala hedónica de 5 puntos y utilizando un panel semientrenado de 18 jueces. Los resultados se trataron haciendo uso del programa SPSS v.26 de IBM; el análisis estadístico, se realizó mediante un análisis de varianza para establecer diferencia significativa entre tratamientos al 5% de significancia y una prueba de Tukey. De resultados obtenidos, el tratamiento con 15% de harina de quinua, 30°C y 60 minutos de masa fermentada, resultó el mejor en un mayor volumen del pan. De la aceptabilidad, la formulación con 15% de harina de quinua obtuvo la mejor puntuación.
Role of Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) in Medical Imaging
Authors: Shin Seung  Won , Kim Kwang Gi
Published: November 2023

Objectives: We introduce the various methods of image analysis used for CAD. In addition, we provide a guide for the clinician through examples which use the CAD. Methods: Medical images consist of individual pixel elements, to which discrete brightness or color values are assigned. Various methods have been utilized for the analysis of these images. We introduce the five methods: shape analysis, texture analysis, parametric mapping analysis, classification methods and segmentation methods. Results: Various image analysis techniques used in the CAD are quantified by analyzing the various features of the lesion shown in the image. It is used as a process for deriving the best diagnosis for the disease through the comparison of the existing data. It proposes an example of a CAD system being studied using a variety of image analysis techniques. Conclusion: Nowadays, medical imaging has improved to show the functional state of the inner body. Furthermore, accelerated advances in computer-based technology have widely enlarged efficiency of saving, transmission and analysis. Improvement of CAD will expand the utilization range of CAD in 2D and 3D medical imaging. Also, we expect that CAD system will evolve the automatic diagnosis support system.
Clinical Study of Posttraumatic Epilepsy
Authors: Myangaa Amarjargal , Guntev Tsagaankhuu , Avirmed Tovuudorj
Published: November 2023

Objectives: To study the manifestations of the paroxysms, the variants of the course, and to determine the significant predictive factors for post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Methods: We obtained the histories of 109 PTE patients who came to district health associations and the Central First Clinic in Ulaanbaatar from 2011 to 2013. We conducted a questionnaire and performed clinical examination to evaluate seizures in accordance with semiologic and international classification of epileptic seizures. Clinical data was matched with the results of electroencephalography (EEG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Of the 109 patients, 93 (85%) presented with secondary generalized partial seizure (SGPS), 16 (15%) with partial seizure and 66 (60.5%) with motor phenomena. The seizure frequency was not correlated with the structural brain abnormalities, but there was an inverse association (r=-0.32, p<0.001) between seizure frequency and the duration of PTE. PTE was positively correlated with severe injury, contusion, early onset of seizures (p><0.05), and operative brain injury (p><0.005). Conclusion: Clinical features of PTE were presented as secondary generalized seizure and motor phenomena in the majority of patients. PTE was characterized commonly by long durations of high seizure frequency and significantly affected by factors such as severity of head injury and operative brain injury.
Risk Factors of Arterial Hypertension Among Mongolian Nurses
Authors: Vandannyam Davaakhuu , Dashtseren Amarsaikhan , Togoo Altantsetseg , Nemekhee Odongua , Dalkh Tserendagva
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This study aims to survey the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension (HTN) among nurses. Methods: Data was collected from 528 nurses of 23 hospitals in Ulaanbaatar (UB) and local hospitals in other regions. We randomly selected day-shift only nurses (264) and shift nurses (264), collected blood samples, administered a health survey questionnaire, and processed data with SPSS 19.0 statistic software.

Results: Overall, 8% of participants who work for shift and 7.2% of day working nurses are smokers (p<0.0001). 3.2% of shift working nurses and 3.8% day working nurses use overuse alcohol (p<0.0001). The day working nurses and the shift working nurses and compared their BMI to measured normal (42.1% and 36.4%) overweight (39.7% and 43.9%), obesity (18.2% and 19.7%) (p<0.02), central obesity normal (39.4% and 34.5%), and central obesity≥ 80 (60.6% and 65.5%), body fat percentages are normal (29.2% and 16.1%) and increase (70.8% and 73.9%), visceral obesity are normal (65.9% and 63.3%) and increase (34.1% and 36.7%). Nurses (day-work and shift-work) who have arterial HTN are detected by normal (72.3% and 59.1%), prodromal period (14.4% and 16.7%), 1st stage (12.1% and 19.7%), 2nd stage (1.2% and 4.5%) (p><0.002). central obesity normal (39.4% and 34.5%), and central obesity≥ 80 (60.6% and 65.5%), body fat percentages are normal (29.2% and 16.1%) and increase (70.8% and 73.9%), visceral obesity are normal (65.9% and 63.3%) and increase (34.1% and 36.7%). Nurses (day-work and shift-work) who have arterial HTN are detected by normal (72.3% and 59.1%), prodromal period (14.4% and 16.7%), 1st stage (12.1% and 19.7%), 2nd stage (1.2% and 4.5%) (p<0.002). Working time of nurses detected that shift working nurses’ arterial hypertension amount is higher than day time working nurses.

Conclusion: 24.2% of shift working nurses have HTN is showed that higher than day time working nurses. Hypertension is directly related to overweight, obesity, visceral obesity and high blood glucose level. (p<0.0001). ><0.0001).
Relationship Between Some Parameters of the Membrane-Redox Potentials Three-State Line System with the Human Constitutional Types of Traditional Medicine
Authors: Badarch Narantsetseg , Miyegombo Ambaga , Ser-Od Khishigjargal , Bandi Sarantsetseg
Published: November 2023

Objectives: According to Tibetan-Mongolian traditional medicine theory, humans are classified into three main individuals based on the Rlung, Mkhris or Badgan symbolic code (SC). Our objective was to research the relationship between some parameters of membrane-redox potentials three-state line system in relation to the human constitutions of traditional medicine. Methods: The quantities ratio for the SC of Rlung, Mkhris, and Badgan was determined by the Doc-Am-I program. We determined the lipid profile, erythrocyte membrane resistance capacity and body mass index. Results: It was shown that the concentration of serum lipids, body mass index and membrane resistance capacity of individuals of the Badgan SC group was increased with statistical significance in comparison to the other two groups. Our study revealed that people of Rlung SC group were characterized by the highest concentration of malondialdehyde and the lowest rate of membrane resistance capacity compared to people of the other two SC groups. Conclusion: Our study defined the relevance of the membrane redox potentials three-state line system in connection to the human constitutional types such as the abstractly coded classifications of Rlung, Mkhris, and Badgan of traditional medicine.
Suggestions for the Development of Telemedicine in Mongolia: Reviewing Development History of Telemedicine in the Republic Of Korea
Authors: Kwon In Ho , Chung Junyoung
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This study reviews the history of telemedicine in Korea and presents future directions for telemedicine. Methods: Journal papers, reports, and government publications on telemedicine were collected and reviewed as technological advances sequenced in chronological order. Results: Development of telemedicine in the Republic of Korea was promoted by revising medical law in 2003 and introducing broadband internet services in 1999. Conclusion: For the success of the introduction of telemedicine, financial support has become the key to ensuring stable operations. Telemedicine services must be suitably priced, which calls for revisions to related legal and administrative policies.
Impact of HLA-A-B-DR Matching in Kidney Transplantation: Graft and Patient Survival During Five Years
Authors: Jigjidsuren Sarantsetseg , Gunchin Batbaatar , Davaajav Nyamsuren , Batmunkh Munkhbat
Published: November 2023

Objectives: A successful outcome of renal transplantation depends on various components, with one primary factor being donor and recipient ABO and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility. The primary aim of our investigation was to determine the impact of HLA-A-B-DR matching on overall and five-year graft and patient survival and to evaluate and improve kidney transplant outcomes. Methods: A total of 70 adult, immunologically low-risk, first-transplant recipients were enrolled in our retrospective study. HLA-A-B-DR typing was performed by the polymerase chain reaction sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method. Results: HLA compatibility was carefully matched before transplantation resulting in 81.4% renal transplants with 0-3 HLA mismatches (MM). Overall graft and patient survivals were 52 (74.3%) and 60 (85.7%), respectively, in 70 cases. Five-year graft and patient survivals were 23 (67.6%) and 29 (85.3%), respectively, in 34 cases. A significantly higher rate of graft and patient overall survivals were revealed in the 0-1 MM group compared with those in the 2-3 MM and 4-6 MM groups (p = 0.030 and p = 0.015, respectively). Conclusion: A highly statistically significant correlation of HLA matching enhancing kidney graft and patient survival rates was determined in our analysis. Better HLA matching was associated with better graft and patient survival. Despite the current era of potent immunosuppressive therapy and improved patient management, the data continue support organ sharing based on HLA matching in kidney transplantation.
Bevacizumab Monotherapy or Combined with Laser versus Laser Monotherapy in Mongolian Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Toishubai Anaraa , Davaatseren Uranchimeg , Jamyanjav Baasankhuu , Lim Sun Taek , Tuvaan Bulgan , Tsengenbayar Munkhzaya , Batbileg Munkhkhishig , Luvsantseren Oyunzaya , Jamyansuren Urangua , Munkhkhuyag Munkhsaikhan , Bayaraa Unudeleg , Nanjid Khudrenchuluun , Muktar Yerkyebulan , Chandaga Unurtsetseg , Ochir Chimedsuren
Published: November 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab monotherapy and bevacizumab therapy combined with laser therapy versus laser monotherapy in Mongolian patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: One hundred twelve eligible patients, aged ^18 years, with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the study eye of 35 to 69 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters at 4 m (Snellen equivalent: >6/60 or <6/12), and with visual impairment due to center-involved DME were included in the study. Patients were randomized into three treatment groups: (1) intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy (n = 42), (2) intravitreal bevacizumab combined with laser therapy (n = 35), and (3) laser monotherapy (n = 35). Bevacizumab injections were given for three initial monthly doses and then pro re nata thereafter based on BCVA stability and DME progression. The primary efficacy endpoints were the mean change in BCVA and central retinal subfield thickness from baseline to month 12. Results: Bevacizumab monotherapy and bevacizumab + laser were superior to laser monotherapy in improving the mean change in BCVA letter score from baseline to month 12 (+8.3 and +11.3 vs +1.1 letters; both p ><0.0001). At month 12, a greater proportion of patients gained >10 and >15 letters and had a BCVA letter score >73 (Snellen equivalent: >6/12) with bevacizumab monotherapy (23.8% and 7.1% and 4.8%, respectively) and bevacizumab + laser (57.1% and 28.6% and 14.3%, respectively) versus laser monotherapy (0% and 0% and 0%, respectively). The mean central retinal subfield thickness was significantly reduced from baseline to month 12 with bevacizumab (-124.4 pm) and bevacizumab + laser (-129.0 pm) versus laser (-62.0 pm; both p = 0.002). Conjunctival hemorrhage was the most common ocular event. No endophthalmitis cases occurred. Conclusion: Bevacizumab monotherapy or bevacizumab + laser showed superior BCVA improvements over macular laser treatment alone in Mongolian patients with visual impairment due to DME.
Prognostic Relevance of Intra-aortic Balloon Pump in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock: Nationwide Population Study in Taiwan
Authors: Chimed Surenjav , Khuyag Batmyagmar
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is the most widely-used form of mechanical hemodynamic support in patients with cardiogenic shock. However, usefulness of IABP in the high-risk patient population is conflicting. We examined whether the patient prognosis in Taiwan forthose treated with IABP has improved in recent years. Methods: We used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database to retrospectively review 3145 (2358 men, 75% of cases) cardiogenic shock patients who were treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 2000 and 2012. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality and secondary outcome was heart failure. Results: A total of 1417 patients who received IABP therapy and 1728 patients who did not receive non-IABP were selected in this study. During the follow-up period, the adjusted hazard ratio for overall mortality was 1.22 (Cl 95%: 1.10-1.35, p<0.0001) and for overall heart failure was 1.24 (Cl 95%: 1.08-1.41, p <0.001). Risk factors for all-cause mortality were previous heart failure, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Conclusion: In this nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study in Taiwan, we found that mortality rate and heart failure rate did not decline in cardiogenic shock patients who underwent primary PCI plus IABP therapy.
Efficacy of Marmot Brown Fat in Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Dagdanbazar Nyamdorj , Bodi Dagdanbazar , Dorjkhuu Amgalanbaatar , Shuumarjav Uurtuya , Zunduin Ariunaa , Lkhagvasuren Munkhtulga , Sundui Enebish
Published: November 2023

Objectives: The brown fat of marmots is called "human meat" among Mongolian people because they abstain from eating it. Our experimental study is the first academic-based study to investigate the effect of marmot brown fat (MBF) on acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods: This study used 82 healthy female Wistar rats (250-280 g). The study rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) relatively healthy (no medication and no AP, n = 10), (2) caerulein-induced AP rats without any treatments (n = 24), (3) AP rats fed by the MBF suspension (n = 24), and (4) AP rats injected with sandostatin (n = 24). The serum a-amylase level (SAAL) and histological examination were observed. Results: Significantly increased SAAL (group 1: 1347.10 ±10.76 units/L vs group 2: 1804.50 ±134.32 units/L) was confirmed in rats with caerulein-induced, mild AP. In both treatment groups 3 and 4, the SAAL was significantly decreased on the fifth day after treatment. Interestingly, advanced damage of pancreatic cells was observed in group 3. Additionally, the health condition of group 3 rats was poor, and spleen and lung tissue damage was detected by histological examination. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that the MBF suspension might be stimulating pancreatic juice secretion, therefore we conclude that the MBF suspension is not beneficial in the treatment of AP.
First Diagnosed Case of Steroid-induced Kaposi's Sarcoma in Mongolia
Authors: Byamba Khandsuren , Munkhbayar Ariunaa , Batsaikhan Oyuntsatsral , Sainzaya Undram
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a vascular neoplasm with four main types. We report the first diagnosed case of steroid-induced KS in a non-HIV patient in Mongolia. Methods: A 57-year-old man presented hemorrhagic spots on his body after seven months of corticosteroid therapy due to the glomerulonephritis. Upon examination, the morphology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry indicated human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) positive KS. Results: After the dose reduction of corticosteroids the lesions remarkably diminished in size and almost resolved as observed at the six-month follow-up. Conclusion: Medical professionals should be aware of the appearance of KS in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies.
Involvement of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Pathogenesis of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tserendavaa Sumiya , Enkhtaivan Odkhuu , Cho Jung Rae , Lee Namho , Chuluunkhuu Gandulam , Shagdar Zorigoo , Malchinkhuu Munkhzol
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Prior studies indicate that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a key role in pathogenesis of plaque rupture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the involvement of serum MMP-9 enzyme at pathogenesis of the plaque rupture in coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: The study enrolled 80 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in our institution. Inclusion in the case group (n = 40) required a ruptured coronary atherosclerotic plaque confirmed by conventional angiography, whereas inclusion in the control group (n = 40) required stable coronary atherosclerosis. Serum MMP-9 levels were determined by ELISA. Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) by electrocardiogram and Gensini score (Coronary Angiographic Scoring System) were utilized for assessing the severity of coronary artery disease. Results: The average level of MMP-9 was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (396±155 ng/mL vs. 223±87 ng/mL, p<0.001) with further demonstration that MMP-9 is an independent predictor of plaque rupture (β = 0.985, p><0.001). MMP-9 is well correlated with Gensini and CIIS score (r = 0.552, p ><0.01 and r = 0.340, p><0.01, respectively). Furthermore, serum MMP-9 enzyme significantly increased in accordance with the severity of the myocardium damage (p ><0.01) by CIIS score. Conclusion: MMP-9 plays a role at pathogenesis of plaque rupture in coronary atherosclerosis.><0.001) with further demonstration that MMP-9 is an independent predictor of plaque rupture (β = 0.985, p<0.001). MMP-9 is well correlated with Gensini and CIIS score (r = 0.552, p ><0.01 and r = 0.340, p><0.01, respectively). Furthermore, serum MMP-9 enzyme significantly increased in accordance with the severity of the myocardium damage (p ><0.01) by CIIS score. Conclusion: MMP-9 plays a role at pathogenesis of plaque rupture in coronary atherosclerosis.><0.001). MMP-9 is well correlated with Gensini and CIIS score (r = 0.552, p<0.01 and r=0.340, p<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, serum MMP-9 enzyme significantly increased in accordance with the severity of the myocardium damage (p<0.01) by CIIS score. Conclusion: MMP-9 plays a role at pathogenesis of plaque rupture in coronary atherosclerosis.
Comparison of Local Infiltration Analgesia With Femoral Nerve Block for Pain Treatment Outcome of Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Khuvtsagaan Bayalagmaa , Maidar Otgonbayar , Sodnompil Dashtsogt , Myagmarsuren Temuulen , Altangerel Nergui , Lundeg Ganbold
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This retrospective study compared local infiltration analgesia (LIA) with femoral nerve block (FNB) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of LIA and FNB, measuring the primary outcome by fentanyl consumption, the secondary outcome by pain scores, and the tertiary measure by postoperative nausea and vomiting incidences. Methods: In this retrospective study, medical history records of 99 TKA patients were reviewed from 2 groups: (1) the LIA group was injected with 180 mg of ropivacaine to the wound and (2) the FNB group was treated with FNB with ropivacaine and morphine. All patients received fentanyl-based patient controlled analgesia (PCA). The observation of outcomes was done during 24 hours. Results: No difference was detected between two groups on the first postoperative day, and the bolus fentanyl consumption was significantly higher in the LIA group. All recorded visual analog scale (VAS) scores both at rest and with movement were similar at 1-12 hours, but at 13-24 hours VAS scores at rest were significantly less in the FNB group. Postoperative nausea and vomiting incidences were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Single shot LIA with ropivacaine reduces the early pain after unilateral TKA. FNB can provide longer analgesia than LIA.
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Standard Triple and Sequential Regimens for Helicobacter pylori Eradication
Authors: Tsogt-Ochir Byambajav , Khasag Oyuntsetseg , Namdag Bira , Dungubat Erdenetsogt , Gotov Choijamts , Tserenchimed Sarantuya , Altangerel Enkhtsetseg
Published: November 2023

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of sequential therapy to the standard triple therapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in Mongolia. Methods: From September 2014 to February 2016, 140 patients with confirmed H. pylori infection (upper gastrointestinal tract (GI) endoscopy, rapid urease test, histology, H. pylori stool antigen test (HpStAg)) randomly received 10 days standard triple therapy (20 mg pantoprazole, 1 g amoxicillin, 500 mg clarithromycin, all twice daily for 10 days; STT group, n = 70), and sequential therapy (20 mg pantoprazole, 1 g amoxicillin twice daily for 5 days followed by 20 mg pantoprazole, 500 mg clarithromycin, 500 mg metronidazole twice daily for 5 days; SQT group, n = 70). Successful eradication therapy for H. pylori infection was defined as a negative HpStAg test 4 weeks after the end of eradication treatment. Results: The eradication rates by intention to treat (ITT) analysis were 71.4% (50/70) and 50% (35/70) in the STT and SQT groups, respectively (p = 0.033). The eradication rates by per-protocol (PP) analysis were 72.5% (50/69) and 51.5% (35/68) in the STT and SQT groups, respectively (p = 0.018). The adverse event rates were 7.6% (5/70) and 18.6% (13/70) in the STT and SQT groups, respectively (p = 0.043). Conclusion: The eradication rate was significantly higher in the STT group compared with the SQT group. But the eradication efficacies of both STT and SQT for H. pylori infection in Mongolia are unacceptable.
Relationship Between Left Ventricular Myocardial Longitudinal Mechanics and In-hospital Heart Failure in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: a Two-dimensional Speckle-tracking Study
Authors: Khuyag Batmyagmar , Chimed Surenjav , Baldandorj Amarjargal , Zundui Lkhagvasuren , Davaakhuu Narantuya
Published: November 2023

Objectives: In-hospital heart failure (HF) during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with adverse outcome. However, data about the relationship between left ventricular (LV) longitudinal myocardial mechanics and in-hospital HF in patients with AMI is limited. Thus, we aimed to determine the association between speckle-tracking derived global longitudinal strain (GLS) and in-hospital HF. Methods: We selected patients with AMI treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In-hospital HF was defined by Killip class. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to reveal the relationship between LV GLS and in-hospital HF. Results: A total of 414 patients (mean age 60 ±13 years, 84% male) were included and in-hospital HF presented in 93 patients (22.5%). LV GLS was significantly impaired in patients with in-hospital HF compared to patients without (-16.1 ±3.7% vs. -11.6 ±3.1%, p<0.001). After adjustment of possible predictors, GLS was independently associated with in-hospital HF (odds ratio 1.32, 95% CI: 1.16-1.50, p<0.001). In-hospital HF presented in 21 patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and GLS was also significantly impaired (-17.7 ±3.2% vs. -12.7 ±2.2%, p<0.001). Separate multiple logistic regression models showed that GLS was still independently associated with in-hospital HF in this group. Conclusion: LV GLS is independently associated with in-hospital HF during AMI. This relationship is still evident for patients with preserved LVEF.
Janeway’s Immunobiology, 9th Edition
Authors: Lkhagvasuren Enkhhsaikhan
Published: November 2023

No abstract in English
Erratum to: Cervical Schwannoma of Sympathetic Chain: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Bin Zulkifli Muhd Faiz , Kenali Solahudin Mohd
Published: November 2023

In the report entitled “Cervical Schwannoma of Sympathetic Chain: A Rare Case Report” (2018; 4: 92-95), by Bin Zulkifli and Kenali, DOI: 10.24079/cajms.2018.03.012 the reference list at the end of the article was incomplete. The complete list of references is found below.
Outcomes of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery of Adult Chronic Rhinosinusitis in First Central Hospital of Mongolia
Authors: Enkhtaivan Altansukh , Enkhbat Bayarmaa , Lkhagvasuren Bayarmagnai , Narantsolmon Gan-Erdene , Namkhai Ulzii-Orshikh , Palamdorj Ganchimeg , Luvsandagva Byambasuren
Published: November 2023

Objective: Evaluate the outcome of endoscopic sinus surgery among chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients and assess the quality of life. Methods: 200 CRS patients aged between 17 to 73 who were operated endoscopic sinus surgery at the Otorhinolaryngology department of First Central Hospital between November 2019 and November 2020, were involved in this study. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: 1) CRS with nasal polyp; 2) CRS without nasal polyp. CT changes were evaluated according to Lund-Mackay, Hoover score, and Hounsfield unit before and after surgery. Results: Of the total subjects analyzed, 56 % were male and 44 % were female. The average age of subjects was 38.4 ± 13.9. The tissue radiodensity of the maxillary sinus decreased in both groups significantly. The mean value of 21.3 ± 6.9 HU preoperatively dropped to 13.5 ± 3.9 HU postoperative in the CRSsNP group, while the CRSwNP group had similar results. The preoperative mean value of 20.3 ± 3.9 HU declined to 12.0 ± 2.2 HU after the procedure. For assessment of paranasal sinus mucosal thickness, the mean value of preoperative imaging study in the CRSsNP group measured as 5.5 ± 1.7mm, and then it reduced by 3.8mm to reach 1.7 ± 1.4 mm after the surgery (p < 0.000). Consequently, the CRSwNP group shows similar outcomes such as the preoperative mean value assessed with a thickness of 5.8 ± 1.4 mm, declined by 4.4 mm and reached an almost normal mucosal thickness of 1.5 ± 1.0 mm after the procedure (p < 0.000). Conclusion: ESS for CRS is effective according to the evaluation of the Lund-Mackay, Hoover, and Hounsfield unit, and it was statistically significant (p < 0.000).
Socioeconomic Factors Related to Nicotine Dependence in Mongolia
Authors: Davaanyam Munkh-Uchral , Singh Pramil , Peterson Anne Berit , Mukhtar Yerkyebulan , Ganbat Mandukhai , Galsuren Jargalsaikhan , Tsendsuren Munkhnasan , Davaajav Altanchimeg , Dorjbal Enkhjargal , Tumur-Ochir Gantsetseg , Sukhbaatar Khandmaa , Dambadarjaa Davaalkham
Published: November 2023

Objectives: This study is aimed to investigate potential socio-economic risk factors associated with Nicotine Dependence among UB residents. It is important to identify and understand the various elements that may make people more susceptible to the negative health effects of smoking. Methods: We applied a cross-sectional study design to define the level of nicotine dependence on 875 participants. In addition, risk factors associated with nicotine dependence were assessed through a questionnaire survey. Results: Higher nicotine dependence in this study was associated with being a female (OR=1.208), older age groups (OR=1.5-2.9), divorced (OR=1.091), living in a house (OR=1.602), having a high school education level (OR=1.794), not having a regular job (OR=1.137), having a higher alcohol consumption level (OR=1.18-1.62), and age at initiation of smoking at 18 or younger (OR=1.796). Conclusion: According to the results of our research, countries with low and moderate levels of income, such as Mongolia, have a significant problem with high levels of nicotine dependence. In addition to this, it underscores the importance of developing smoking cessation programs that consider the extent of nicotine dependence while placing a greater emphasis on early interventions of the linked factors.
ИНФОРМИРОВАННОЕ ДОБРОВОЛЬНОЕ СОГЛАСИЕ (ИДС): СМЫСЛОВОЕ НАПОЛНЕНИЕ И ПРАВОВАЯ ПРИРОДА
Authors: Тихомиров Алексей
Published: November 2023

ИДС – это про здоровье, а не про медицину. Будь то медицинская помощь, эксперимент или какие угодно другие действия в отношении здоровья и связанных с ним прав личности, ИДС их предваряет не «по случаю», а «на случай». Вне зависимости от того, облечено оно в ту или иную форму, функционал ИДС определяет его содержание – пределы того, что в отношении здоровья охватывается волевым допуском обладателя права на здоровье. Проблематика ИДС в целом состоит в том, чтобы законодательные требования к нему соответствовали его прикладному назначению, а документирование не искажало правовой смысл.
Взаимосвязь величины гравитационной постоянной с другими физическими постоянными. Энергия квантов гравитационного поля чёрных дыр. Результаты исследования.
Authors: Чернов Андрей
Published: November 2023

В основе этого исследования лежит утверждение, что гравитационное сжатие больших космических масс имеет предел плотности сжатия. При этом первоначальная масса, состоящая из атомов, превращается в однородную, очень плотную массу (чёрную дыру), состоящую из одинаковых частиц (которые в исследовании были названы протоатомами).

В этом исследовании для определения параметров протоатома было использовано решение Шварцшильда. В результате была определена масса протоатома, а дальше через математические расчёты с использованием независимых физических постоянных была получена величина двух элементарных зарядов протоатома. Полученная величина заряда совпала с рекомендованной CODATA величиной элементарного заряда. Расхождение составило всего 0,098%, что подтвердило существование протоатома. Этот результат также интересен тем, что величина элементарного заряда была определена через другие независимые физические константы.

В этом исследовании была получена формула для расчёта величины гравитационной постоянной G. По этой формуле были произведены расчёты величины гравитационной постоянной у 24 химических элементов, взятых из всех групп таблицы Менделеева. Полученные результаты показали, что значение G может колебаться пределах тысячных и сотых долей процента. Также была определена величина гравитационной постоянной в гравитационном поле наиболее массивных чёрных дыр.

В этом исследовании по аналогии с дискретностью энергетических состояний атомов водорода, были исследованы квантовые состояния протоатомов. В результате с использованием полученных физических параметров протоатома была получена формула для расчёта квантов энергии гравитационных волн (гравитонов), испускаемых чёрными дырами. По этой формуле был рассчитан линейный ряд энергии гравитонов. Полученные значения энергии гравитонов уверенно согласуются с результатами астрофизических наблюдений гравитационных волн, которые возникли в результате слияния чёрных дыр. В ходе анализа новой формулы была определена масса электрона через 4 фундаментальные константы (G, c, q, h). Результат совпал с экспериментальной массой электрона. Были получены другие результаты, имеющие научное значение.
PENGARUH REGULASI DIRI, KONFORMITAS DAN ADIKSI INTERNET TERHADAP PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK
Authors: Piddiani Janati , Hermawan Yoni , Gumilar Rendra
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh penundaan dalam mengerjakan tugas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh regulasi diri, konformitas dan adiksi internet terhadap prokrastinasi akademik. MePenelitian ini menggunakan metode survei ekspalantori. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MAS Daarul Abroor dengan populasi yang berjumlah 156 peserta didik kelas IPS. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan nonprobability sampling dengan jenis sampel jenuh. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil uji hipotesis menujukan bahwa 1) Regulasi diri berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prokrastinasi akademik dengan nilai thitung sebesar -5,116, 2) Konformitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap prokrastinasi akademik dengan nilai thitung sebesar 0,737 dan 3) Adiksi internet berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prokrastinasi akademik dengan nilai thitung sebesar 6,162. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian koefisien determinasi menunjukan bahwa regulasi diri, konformitas dan adiksi internet memiliki pengaruh terhadap prokrastinasi akademik sebesar 50,7%.