bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naples Prognostic Score to Predict Postoperative Complications After Colectomy for Diverticulitis
Authors: Russell Benjamin , Zager Yaniv , Mullin Gillie , Cohen Matan , Dan Assaf , Nevler Avinoam , Gutman Mordechai , Horesh Nir
Published: January 2022

Background

The Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) has proven efficacy as a prognostic tool for postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for neoplastic diseases. However, the role of the NPS score in inflammatory surgical diseases has not yet been studied. We aimed to evaluate NPS predictive value in patients undergoing colectomy due to diverticulitis.

Methods

A single-center retrospective study including all patients who underwent colectomy for diverticulitis between July 2008 and March 2020 was established. Patients' demographics, clinical and surgical data were recorded and analyzed. Patients were scored on a scale of 0-4 and received one point for preoperation albumin <4 g/dL, cholesterol ≤180 mg/dL, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio >2.96, and Lymphocyte to Monocyte ≤4.44.

Results

Out of 3292 patients admitted because of diverticulitis during the study period, 159 patients (4.83%) underwent colectomy. Of those patients, fifty patients were eligible for NPS analysis. 35 patients (70%) were females with a mean age of 62.81 ± 14.51. Thirty-two (64%) patients underwent an elective operation. The postoperative complications rate was 36% (N = 18). The mortality rate was 6% (N = 3). ROC showed a strong association between the NPS and mortality (area = .88, P = .03) and wound infection (area = .78, P = .01). In patients who underwent urgent surgery, there was an association between NPS and re-operation ( P = .04). There was a correlation between NPS and Clavien-Dindo score (Spearman’s coefficient = .284, P = .045).

Conclusions/Discussion

The Naples prognostic score is an effective tool for predicting postoperative complications in patients undergoing colectomy for diverticulitis. It may assist the surgeon in deciding on extent of the operation for diverticulitis and in elective cases also on timing.
In-Hospital Costs Associated With an Expanded Endonasal Approach to Anterior Skull Base Tumors
Authors: Parasher Arjun K. , Lerner David K. , Glicksman Jordan T. , Lin Theodore , Miranda Stephen P. , Ebesutani Darren , Kohanski Michael , Lee John Y. K. , Storm Phillip B. , O’Malley Bert W. , Yosher Daniel , Palmer James N. , Grady Sean , Adappa Nithin D.
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To determine in-hospital costs associated with performing an EEA to anterior skull base pathology and to identify drivers of cost variability for patients undergoing endoscopic anterior skull base surgery.

Methods:

All endoscopic anterior skull base surgeries performed over a period from January 1st, 2015 to October 24th, 2017 were evaluated. The electronic medical record was reviewed for patient factors, tumor characteristics, and cost variables associated with each hospital stay and univariate analysis was performed using Stata software.

Results:

An EEA was associated with an average total in-hospital cost of $44 545. Compared to patients undergoing a transsphenoidal approach to pituitary tumor resection, EEA patients incurred higher in-hospital costs across all variables including a total cost increase of $15 921 (95% confidence interval $5720-26 122, P = .002). Univariate analysis of all endoscopic anterior skull base surgery patients showed a cost increase of $30 616 associated with post-operative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak ($10 420-50 811, P = .004), $14 610 with post-operative diabetes insipidus (DI) ($4610-24 609, P = .004), and $11 522 with African-American patients relative to Caucasian patients ($3049-19 995, P = .008).

Conclusions:

Patients who undergo endoscopic EEA for resection of anterior skull base tumors typically incur greater in-hospital costs than patients undergoing a standard TSA. Post-operative complications such as CSF leak and DI, as well as ethnicity, are significant drivers of cost-variability.
Super-Human or Sub-Human? Positive Dehumanization and Gender in Public Performance Evaluations
Authors: Utych Stephen M. , Fowler Luke
Published: January 2022

Dehumanizing language, language that compares human beings to animals or machines, is typically thought of in problematic cases, where it is designed to denigrate individuals or entire groups in society. But, this language can also be used to praise—describing an employee as a machine can be done to signify super-human characteristics. We find that positive dehumanizing language has no effect on evaluations of a public employee’s competence, but do have an effect on evaluations of warmth. Contrary to expectations, we find no differences in these effects based on the gender of the employee.
“There is Absolutely No Discrimination Based on that Allowed”: Marriage, Migration, and Equality Rhetoric as a Justification for Harm
Authors: Brainer Amy
Published: January 2022

This article contrasts talk surrounding queer marriage and migration with the lived experiences of LGBTQ+ people who have petitioned for status in the United States based on their relationships. I find that people use the concept of equality or being “the same” to dismiss testimonies of harm, and to hold individuals instead of systems and laws responsible for harms when they are acknowledged. I place this rhetoric in the context of US family immigration as a colonial and racial project. Through a mixed methods analysis, the article draws a link between the interactions queer and trans people are having online, their personal and couple narratives, and the colonial history and harm endemic to this often idealized immigration pathway.
Facilitators and Barriers of Mother Engagement in a Home-based Parenting Program Following Concerns of Child Maltreatment
Authors: Fogarty Alison , Rominov Holly , Seymour Monique , Evans Kirsty , Fisher Catherine , Jones Andi , O’Brien Jacquie , Giallo Rebecca
Published: January 2022

The current study aimed to explore mothers’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers to engagement in the HoPES program, an intensive home-visiting intervention for families with young children identified as having child maltreatment concerns. Seven mothers who had participated in the program participated in semi-structured interviews about their experiences. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo Version 12. Themes relating to facilitators of engagement included the following: (1) clinician behaviours; (2) treatment relevance/acceptability; (3) strong therapeutic relationship; (4) mothers’ cognitions and beliefs about treatment and (5) program delivery. Themes relating to barriers to engagement included the following: (1) contextual/external barriers to treatment; (2) treatment relevance/acceptability; (3) mothers’ cognitions and beliefs about treatment and (4) program processes. This study highlights the important role which services and clinicians have in engaging parents at risk of child maltreatment. Specifically, the prioritisation of the therapeutic relationship through all intervention processes, and the utilisation of strength-based approaches, may facilitate engagement.
Graduating Otolaryngology Residents’ Ideal Practice Expectations: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Miller Robert H. , Gurgel Richard K. , McCrary Hilary C.
Published: January 2022

Objective

Prior literature has indicated that the number of trained otolaryngologists required to meet the need of our growing population may be insufficient. Therefore, identifying trends in the subspecialty composition of future otolaryngology practices will elucidate workforce needs.

Study Design

One‐page anonymous questionnaire.

Setting

The survey was completed by examinees at the conclusion of their American Board of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery oral examination from 2011 to 2019.

Methods

Data included age, gender, fellowship, practice type, and ideal future practice components.

Results

A total of 2286 examinees were included: 58.1% were male and 57.2% completed a fellowship. Ideal practice specialties included general otolaryngology (19%), rhinology (15%), head and neck (13%), and pediatrics (11%). General and pediatric otolaryngology had a negative correlation over time (r = −0.81, P =. 01, and r = −0.75, P =. 03, respectively). An overall 45% of graduates reported 1 ideal practice area (r = 0.61, P =. 10), with a statistically significant decline in the number of ideal practice areas over time (r = −0.79, P =. 018). Men more commonly reported allergy, head and neck, otology, rhinology, and sleep medicine as part of their ideal practice (P <. 05), while women more commonly reported pediatric otolaryngology (P <. 05). There was a higher mean number of ideal practice areas among men than women (2.58 vs 2.1, P <. 001).

Conclusion

There is a growing trend for more specialized otolaryngology practices. The data demonstrate a decline in considering general and pediatrics otolaryngology as part of practices, which portends a gap in access to comprehensive otolaryngology in the future.
Attachment relationship with parents and Taiwanese middle-aged adult children’s filial anxiety: The mediating role of dual filial piety beliefs
Authors: Wu Chih-Wen
Published: January 2022

Given the aging of the global population, the experience of adult children preparing to care for their aging parents is increasingly valued. In this article, I not only examined the associations between Taiwanese adult children’s attachment relationships with parents and their experience of filial anxiety but also took a psychocultural perspective to explore the mediating role of filial piety, the most representative value in the Chinese family. I collected survey data from 1305 middle-aged Taiwanese adults over 40 years old whose father or mother was alive and over 65 years old. The results from the first model for both father–child and mother–child datasets showed that secure attachment relationships with parents had a significant positive association with adults’ parental-welfare-focused filial anxiety B (FAB) but a significant negative association with their caregiver-role-focused filial anxiety A (FAA). The results from the second analysis indicated that secure attachment relationships with parents, for both father–child and mother–child datasets, had a significant positive association with adults’ endorsement of reciprocal filial piety beliefs, which significantly related to higher levels of FAB but lower levels of FAA. For both the father–child and mother–child datasets, secure attachment relationships with parents also had a significant positive association with their endorsement of authoritarian filial piety beliefs. Subsequently, their endorsement of authoritarian filial piety belief significantly related to a higher level of FAB in only the mother–child dataset. In conclusion, these findings broaden the understanding of adult children’s experience of filial anxiety that could be related to their attachment relationship with parents and their endorsement of reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety.
The Cultural Knowledge Perspective: Insights on Resource Creation for Marketing Theory, Practice, and Education
Authors: Weinberger Michelle F. , Lusch Robert F.
Published: January 2022

Marketing researchers and marketers have long focused on the importance of resources: organizations having enough raw materials, advertising budget, distribution and supply facilities, data, technology, money, connections, time, or employees. However, these only become valuable to the organization when people identify them as potential resources and then use them adeptly. In this conceptual paper, we argue that understanding the process of identifying and creating resources is essential to understanding organizational success. We introduce the Cultural Knowledge Perspective. The perspective refocuses attention on the process by which people use and extend their cultural knowledge to identify latent materials, materials that have resource potential, and the process by which cultural knowledge is used to activate latent materials to create actual resources. We bring together and build on disparate research in marketing, sociology, and management to show the importance of understanding how the cultural knowledge of marketers and consumers is deployed for resource creation. In doing so, we show how this perspective opens avenues for hiring marketing talent, product development, marketing communications, and marketing education.
Cochlear implantation in a Chinese patient with a novel frameshift variant in POU3F4 gene and incomplete partition type III: a case report
Authors: Hu Lanye , Chen Jie , Yao Ruen , Xin Yuan , Fang Xuhua , Jiao Yu
Published: January 2022

Variations in the POU Class 3 Homeobox 4 ( POU3F4) gene are associated with X-linked mixed deafness. Here, the identification of a novel variant of POU3F4 in a male paediatric patient (the proband) with incomplete partition type III (IP-III) hearing impairment, is described. Clinical data were collected from the proband and his biological parents. Whole exome sequencing of the proband revealed a novel frameshift insertion mutation in POU3F4 (c.717_718ins GTGCCTTGCAG : p.Leu240Valfs*5) in a hemizygous state. This variant likely truncates the protein within the POU-specific domain, and the proband’s biological mother was found to be a carrier of this variant. After excluding all contraindications, the proband underwent cochlear implantation in the right ear in June 2020. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gushing was observed during surgery, but there were no postoperative complications, such as CSF leak, meningitis, or facial nerve stimulation. A novel pathogenic frameshift variant of POU3F4 was identified, enriching the known mutation spectrum of POU3F4. Effective perioperative prevention and response measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of CSF gushing and meningitis in patients receiving IP-III cochlear implantation.
Fostering an entrepreneurial mindset: A typology for aligning instructional strategies with three dominant entrepreneurial mindset conceptualizations
Authors: Larsen Inge B
Published: January 2022

Entrepreneurship education in higher education institutions (HEIs) increasingly aims at fostering an entrepreneurial mindset (EM) in students. However, large heterogeneity exists in conceptualizations of EM. This is a challenge for educators as it is difficult to develop instructional strategies to foster students’ EM when there is no clarity about what this mindset is. The purpose of the article is to address this challenge. It does so by analysing and synthesizing current literature in the field of entrepreneurship education in HEIs and develops a taxonomy that depicts three dominant conceptualizations of EM, their theoretical origins and the type of attributes typically associated with each conceptualization. The article goes beyond the integrative literature review by reflecting on the consequences for the design of entrepreneurship education of the simultaneous existence of these three dominant conceptualizations. The author develops a typology for aligning instructional strategies with the EM conceptualizations and thus contributes to practice by providing a better understanding of how to achieve coherence between learning outcomes and instructional choices. The article advances the field’s conceptual knowledge about EM and thereby facilitates future theory generation.
Conceptual configuration design of line-foldable deployable space truss structures employing graph theory
Authors: Wang Shoufei , Zhao Yong
Published: January 2022

From the perspective of the truss as a whole, this research investigates the conceptual configuration design for deployable space truss structures that are line-foldable with the help of graph theory. First, the bijection between a truss and its graph model is established. Therefore, operations can be performed based on graph models. Second, by introducing Maxwell’s rule, maximum clique, and chordless cycle, the principle of conceptual configuration synthesis is analyzed. A corresponding procedure is formed and it is verified by a truss with seven nodes. Third, assisted by some theorems of graph theory, the simplified double-color topological graph of deployable space truss structures is acquired and it also displays the procedure with a case. Finally, based on the above analysis, it obtains the optimal conceptual configurations. This novel research lays the foundation for kinematic synthesis and geometric dimension designs.
Integrated modelling method of bonding strength and residual life prediction for selective repair structure of aluminium alloy
Authors: Liao Yashi , Zhang Xuhui , Wang Zhineng , He Miaolei
Published: January 2022

To accurately describe and predict the overall strength and residual life of selective repair bonded structures, an integrated simulation model of crack propagation including bonding strength is established. Based on two methods, an integrated simulation model including a cohesive zone method model for predicting the residual life of a selective repair structure is established. By comparing the computational efficiency and accuracy of both the stress intensity factor and residual life of selective repair structures using different calculation methods, the modelling scheme is optimised. Based on this optimised scheme, the effect of adhesive thickness on the stress intensity factor and residual life of the repair structure is analysed. FM94 adhesive measuring 0.2–0.4 mm thickness is used to decrease the stress intensity factor and improve the remaining life such that material utilisation efficiency is guaranteed.
The Cleft Lip Education with Augmented Reality (CLEAR) VR Phase 2 Trial: A Pilot Randomized Crossover Trial of a Novel Patient Information Leaflet
Authors: Lo Steven John , Chapman Paul , Young David , Drake David , Devlin Mark , Russell Craig
Published: January 2022

Background

The Cleft Lip Education with Augmented Reality (CLEAR) project centers around the use of augmented reality (AR) in patient leaflets, as a visual means to overcome the “health literacy” gap. This trial followed Virtual Reality (VR CORE) guidelines for VR Phase 2 (Pilot) trials.

Methods

Participants included families of children treated for Cleft Lip and Palate at the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow. Interventions were AR leaflet or Traditional Leaflet. Objectives were to calculate sample sizes, assess outcome instruments, trial design, and acceptability to patients. Primary outcome measure was Mental Effort Rating Scale, and secondary outcomes were Patient Satisfaction (Visual Analogue Scale), Usefulness Scale for Patient Information Material (USE) scale, and Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS). Randomization was by block randomization. The trial was single blinded with assessors blinded to group assignment.

Results

12 Participants were randomized, with crossover design permitting analysis of 12 per group. Primary outcome with Mental Effort Rating Scale indicated higher mental effort with Traditional compared to AR Leaflet (4.75 vs 2.00, P = .0003). Secondary outcomes for Satisfaction were Traditional 54.50 versus AR 93.50 ( P = .0001); USE scale 49.42 versus 74.08 ( P = .0011); and IMMS 112.50 versus 161.75 ( P = .0003). Subjective interviews noted overwhelmingly positive patient comments regarding the AR leaflet. Outcome instruments and trial design were acceptable to participants. No harms were recorded.

Conclusions

The CLEAR pilot trial provides early evidence of clinical efficacy of AR leaflets in patient education. It is hoped that this will provide a future paradigm shift in the way patient education is delivered.
Meaning-Change Through the Mistaken Mirror: On the Indeterminacy of “Wundt” and “Piaget” in Translation
Authors: Burman Jeremy Trevelyan
Published: January 2022

What does a name mean in translation? Quine argued, famously, that the meaning of gavagai is indeterminate until you learn the language that uses that word to refer to its object. The case is similar with scientific texts, especially if they are older; historical. Because the meanings of terms can drift over time, so too can the meanings that inform experiments and theory. As can a life’s body of work and its contributions. Surely, these are also the meanings of a name; shortcuts to descriptions of the author who produced them, or of their thought (or maybe their collaborations). We are then led to wonder whether the names of scientists may also mean different things in different languages. Or even in the same language. This problem is examined here by leveraging the insights of historians of psychology who found that the meaning of “Wundt” changed in translation: his experimentalism was retained, and his Völkerpsychologie lost, so that what Wundt meant was altered even as his work—and his name—informed the disciplining of Modern Psychology as an experimental science. Those insights are then turned here into a general argument, regarding meaning-change in translation, but using a quantitative examination of the translations of Piaget’s books from French into English and German. It is therefore Piaget who has the focus here, evidentially, but the goal is broader: understanding and theorizing “the mistaken mirror” that reflects only what you can think to see (with implications for replication and institutional memory).
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-1 Expression is Changed During Bladder Cancer Cell Invasion
Authors: Santos Hellen Joyce Sousa Pereira , Matheus Luiz Henrique Gomes , Silva Aline , Dalmazzo Stephanie Vanin , Santos Andressa Assunção , Santos Letícia Rafaela Alves Rubens , Souza Diego Mota , Reis Sabrina Thalita , Nascimento Ivan Pereira , Dellê Humberto
Published: January 2022

The severity of the bladder carcinoma (BC) is directly linked to cell invasion and metastasis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) is an INF-γ-induced immunomodulating enzyme that has been linked to the cancer cell invasiveness. Because IDO1 is variable among the tumors, we analyzed its expression in the BC invasion using BC mice models and cell culture. MB49 cells were orthotopically or ectopically inoculated in C57Bl6 mice to evaluate IDO1 by immunohistochemistry. For in vitro experiments, expression of IDO1 and INF-γ was evaluated in grade-1 (RT4) and in grade-3 (T24) BC cell lines. Invading and non-invading T24 cells were separated using the Matrigel/Transwell system, of which total RNA was extracted immediately or after 2 weeks of subculture. Finally, IDO1 was silenced in T24 cells to verify its role on cell invasiveness. In both animal models, IDO1 was differentially expressed between non-invading and invading cells. In cell culture, T24 cells expressed more IDO1 than RT4 cells, independently of the INF-γ expression. IDO1 was differentially expressed between non-invading and invading T24 cells, a difference that was lost by long-time subculture. IDO1 silencing resulted in diminished cell invasiveness. In conclusion, IDO1 expression is changed during bladder carcinoma invasion, playing an important role in this process.
Ethnicity and governing party support in Africa: A longitudinal multilevel analysis
Authors: García-Rivero Carlos , Clari Enrique
Published: January 2022

Historically, ethnicity has been considered to play a fundamental role in voting behaviour in Africa. However, researchers on the issue have found contradictory conclusions. The most recent research concludes that the African voter is more rational than expected. Overall ethnicity seems to be less influential than theory used to suggest. Against this background, this paper analyses vote for governing party in Africa and presents evidence that the method and data set used will have an important influence upon the final result. The research takes form of a quantitative analysis making extensive use of survey data from 2005 to 2019. Results indicate that ethnicity, although not exclusively, is still an explanatory factor. At a glance, African vote is rationally ethnic.
Improvement of the coiling stress calculation model for a mandrel-sleeve-coil
Authors: Park Yonghui , Park Kyutae , Lee Changwoo , Shi Wei
Published: January 2022

The steel rolling process employs a coiling-uncoiling process in which a steel sheet is wound and unwound in a coil shape using a coiler to efficiently produce a long steel sheet with a constant thickness. As front and rear tension is required when the steel sheet enters and exits the rolling mill, the coiler introduces tension in the steel sheet through the control of the rotational speed. As the coil is produced, coiling tension accumulates, and pressure is applied to the inside of the coil. Finite element analysis and stress calculation analysis were derived from previous studies to prevent such pressure increases in the sleeves and coils. However, the radial and circumferential stresses at arbitrary positions inside the coil cannot be accurately determined by considering without the stresses’ difference in the thickness direction based on the assumption that the coil’s thickness is thin. In this study, an analytical model that can accurately calculate the sleeve and coil stress during elastic deformation was established by improving the internal circumferential stress generated when the steel sheet is bent into a coil and the radial stress equation associated with the beam bending theory. In addition, by comparing the finite element analysis model results reflecting the same coiling condition, this model’s validity was verified by confirming the consistency of the results.
The association of arterial stiffness index with cerebrovascular and cardiometabolic disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Weishi , Zhang Luyang , Gao Yuan , Liu Kai , Li Yanan , Liu Chen , Yan Yingxue , Liu Hongbing , Li Shen , Fang Hui , Song Bo , Xia Zongping , Xu Yuming
Published: January 2022

Background:

Arterial stiffness index (ASI) is a potential risk factor for cerebrovascular and cardiometabolic diseases, but the causal links between them are inconclusive. The aim is to evaluate the causal effects of ASI on cerebrovascular and cardiometabolic diseases by Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods:

Two-sample MR analysis was performed to infer causal links. Genetic variants significantly associated with ASI were extracted. The inverse variance weighted method was used for estimating the effects. Sensitivity analysis was performed to test heterogeneity or pleiotropy.

Results:

MR analysis indicated an effect of genetically predicted ASI on the risk of ischemic stroke (IS) of all causes (OR = 1.894, 95% CI 1.210–2.965, p = 0.005). No links were identified between genetically predicted ASI and other cerebrovascular or cardiometabolic diseases (all p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis of IS etiologies found a suggestive association between genetically predicted ASI and large artery atherosclerosis stroke (LAS) (OR = 3.726, 95% CI 1.230–11.286, p = 0.020). There were no effects of ASI on IS due to cardioembolism or small vessel occlusion.

Conclusion:

The current MR analysis suggested that genetically predicted ASI was associated with higher risk of IS of all causes. The results and the underlying pathways or mechanisms between ASI and IS needs further investigation.
Charantoside L, A New Cucurbitane-Type Glycoside from Momordica charantia L. with α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Yen Duong Thi Hai , Yen Pham Hai , Hop Nguyen Quang , Hung Nguyen Anh , Tran Ha Thi Thu , Huu Tai Bui , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Van Kiem Phan
Published: January 2022

A new cucurbitane-type glycoside (1) and two known compounds (2-3) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruits of Momordica charantia L. Their chemical structures were determined as (19 S,23 E)-5 β­,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3 β,25-diol 3 -O-β-D-allopyranoside (1), goyaglycoside d (2), and (19 S,23 E)-5 β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3 β,25-diol (3) on the basis of the extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and in comparison with the reported data. Compounds 1 to 3 were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Compounds 1 and 2 showed anti α-glucosidase activity with IC50 values of 134.12 ± 11.20 and 163.17 ± 13.71 µM, respectively, compared with the positive control, acarbose, IC50 160.99 ± 14.30 μM. Compounds 2 and 3 were first isolated from plant M. charantia growing in Vietnam.
Participatory health research under COVID-19 restrictions in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Feasibility of cellular teleconferencing for virtual discussions with community groups in a low-resource setting
Authors: Omer Khalid , Ansari Umaira , Aziz Amar , Hassan Khalid , Bgeidam Lami Aminati , Baba Muhd Chadi , Gidado Yagana , Andersson Neil , Cockcroft Anne
Published: January 2022

Introduction

During the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers have used Internet-based applications to conduct virtual group meetings, but this is not feasible in low-resource settings. In a community health research project in Bauchi State, Nigeria, COVID-19 restrictions precluded planned face-to-face meetings with community groups. We tested the feasibility of using cellular teleconferencing for these meetings.

Methods

In an initial exercise, we used cellular teleconferencing to conduct six male and six female community focus group discussions. Informed by this experience, we conducted cellular teleconferences with 10 male and 10 female groups of community leaders, in different communities, to discuss progress with previously formulated action plans. Ahead of each teleconference call, a call coordinator contacted individual participants to seek consent and confirm availability. The coordinator connected the facilitator, the reporter, and the participants on each conference call, and audio-recorded the call. Each call lasted less than 1 h. Field notes and debriefing meetings with field teams supported the assessment of feasibility of the teleconference meetings.

Results

Cellular teleconferencing was feasible and inexpensive. Using multiple handsets at the base allowed more participants in a call. Guidelines for facilitators and participants developed after the initial meetings were helpful, as were reminder calls ahead of the meeting. Connecting women participants was challenging. Facilitators needed extra practice to support group interactions without eye contact and body language signals.

Conclusions

With careful preparation and training, cellular teleconferencing can be a feasible and inexpensive method of conducting group discussions in a low-resource setting.
TOPOI – A method for analysing settlement units and their linkages in an urban–rural fabric
Authors: Carlow Vanessa , Mumm Olaf , Neumann Dirk , Schneider Anne-Kathrin , Schröder Boris , Sedrez Maycon , Zeringue Ryan
Published: January 2022

Many years, urbanisation research has largely focused the development of urban agglomerations and megacity regions, whereas less attention was paid on the development of medium-sized cities, small towns, villages, or rural areas. Yet many interrelations and spatial linkages between urban and rural areas exist. In this paper, we present a novel method called ‘TOPOI’ for the integrated analysis and description of settlement units in an urban–rural setting. The TOPOI-method enhances the understanding of the built environment by clustering and describing settlement units of similar characteristics with view to their physical form, function, and connectivity. The method is built on known planning parameters, but does not limit the analysis of settlement units to their administrative boundaries. Based on 11 indicators, 13 TOPOI-classes were identified in two exemplary study regions revealing new insights into urban–rural settlement types. This allows a better understanding of urban–rural linkages and therefore opens up new pathways for a more sustainable development.
Sapozhnikovite, Na8(Al6Si6O24)(HS)2, a new sodalite-group mineral from the Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Pekov Igor V. , Shendrik Roman Yu. , Varlamov Dmitry A. , Vigasina Marina F. , Belakovskiy Dmitry I. , Britvin Sergey N. , Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. , Pushcharovsky Dmitry Yu.
Published: January 2022

The new sodalite-group mineral sapozhnikovite, ideally Na8(Al6Si6O24)(HS)2, was discovered in a hydrothermally altered urtite-like rock at Karnasurt Mountain, Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. The associated minerals are nepheline, aegirine, potassic feldspar, albite, kyanoxalite, natrolite, fluorapatite, fluorcaphite, lomonosovite (partially or completely altered to murmanite) and loparite-(Ce). Sapozhnikovite forms isolated colourless to pale greyish anhedral equant grains up to 5 mm across. The streak is white and the lustre is vitreous. Strong orange fluorescence under longwave UV radiation (λ = 330 nm) and weak yellow-orange fluorescence under shortwave UV radiation (λ = 245 nm) is observed. Sapozhnikovite is brittle, with a Mohs hardness of 5½. Cleavage is imperfect on (110). Density measured by flotation in heavy liquids is equal to 2.25(1) g⋅cm–3. The calculated density is 2.255 g⋅cm–3. Sapozhnikovite is characterised by infrared, Raman, electron spin resonance, NIR-Vis-UV absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The chemical composition is (wt.%, electron microprobe, H2O determined by gas chromatography of ignition products): Na2O 25.05, Al2O3 32.44, SiO2 37.58, HS 4.33, Cl 2.22, H2O 0.30, –O≡(Cl,HS) –1.55, total 100.37. The empirical formula is Na7.73Al6.08Si5.97O24(HS)1.25Cl0.60⋅0.16H2O. The crystal structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and refined to R1 = 1.62%. Sapozhnikovite is cubic, P$\bar{4}$3n, with a = 8.9146(1) Å, V = 708.45(2) Å3 and Z = 1. The new mineral is isostructural with sodalite. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 6.30 (37) (110), 3.638 (100) (211), 2.821 (14) (310), 2.572 (18) (222), 2.382 (16) (321) and 2.101 (29) (411). The mineral is named in honour of the Russian mineralogist and crystallographer Dr. Anatoly Nikolaevich Sapozhnikov (b. 1946).
CUBN gene mutations may cause focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in children
Authors: Yang Jing , Xu Yongli , Deng Linxia , Zhou Luowen , Qiu Liru , Zhang Yu , Zhou Jianhua
Published: January 2022

Background

Imerslund-Gräsbeck Syndrome (IGS) is mainly caused by CUBN gene biallelic mutations. Proteinuria accompanies IGS specific symptoms in about half of the patients, isolated proteinuria is rarely reported. Here we present 3 patients with isolated proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) caused by CUBN gene biallelic pathogenic variants.

Method

Whole exome sequencing was performed on three children with isolated proteinuria. CUBN gene biallelic pathogenic variants were found and then verified by sanger sequencing. Their clinical, pathological and molecular genetic characteristics were analyzed and correlated accordingly.

Results

All three children presented with isolated proteinuria, no megaloblastic anemia. Their urine levels of β2 microglobulin were normal or slightly higher. Renal biopsies showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with mild glomerular mesangial hypercellularity, partial effacement of foot processes and podocyte microvillation. Two of them were found to carry compound heterozygous mutations and one homozygous mutation of CUBN gene. Totally four CUBN gene biallelic pathogenic variants were identified, including c.9287 T > C (p.L3096P), c.122 + 1G > A, c.7906C > T (p.R2636*), c.10233G > A (p.W3411*). Except for intron splice-site mutation, all other variants are located in highly conserved sites of CUB domain for binding to albumin.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate that CUBN gene mutations may cause isolated proteinuria pathologically presented as FSGS. Our cases extend the spectrum of renal manifestation and genotype of CUBN gene mutations.
Trastuzumab and fulvestrant combination therapy for women with advanced breast cancer positive for hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Ozaki Yukinori , Aoyama Yosuke , Masuda Jun , Inagaki Lina , Kawai Saori , Shibayama Tomoko , Maeda Tetsuyo , Kurata Mami , Yoshida Kazuyo , Saeki Sumito , Hosonaga Mari , Fukada Ippei , Hara Fumikata , Kobayashi Takayuki , Kobayashi Kokoro , Miyake Satoshi , Takano Toshimi , Ueno Takayuki , Ohno Shinji
Published: January 2022

Background

Trastuzumab and fulvestrant combination therapy is one of the treatment options for patients with hormone receptor- and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer; however, there are limited studies evaluating the efficacy of this combination therapy.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the data of women with hormone receptor- and HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who received trastuzumab and fulvestrant combination therapy between August 1997 and August 2020 at the Cancer Institute Hospital. The primary endpoint of this study was progression-free survival, and the secondary endpoints were response rate, overall survival and safety.

Results

We reviewed the data of 1612 patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, of which 118 patients were diagnosed with hormone receptor- and HER2-positive breast cancer. Of these, 28 patients who received trastuzumab and fulvestrant combination therapy were eligible for this study. The median treatment line for advanced breast cancer was 6 (range, 1–14), the median progression-free survival was 6.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.46–8.17), and the median overall survival was 35.3 months (95% CI, 20.0–46.7). Of the 28 patients, partial response was observed in 1 (4%), stable disease in 17 (61%), and progressive disease in 10 (36%) patients. The disease control rate was 64%. Adverse events of grade ≥ 3 were not observed.

Conclusions

Trastuzumab and fulvestrant combination therapy showed moderate clinical efficacy and no severe toxicity after standard anti-HER2 treatment, which is a reasonable treatment option for patients with hormone receptor- and HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. These data contribute to understanding the efficacy of trastuzumab and fulvestrant combination therapy as control data for further development of anti-HER2 agents plus hormone therapy.
Effect of chocolate on older patients with cancer in palliative care: a randomised controlled study
Authors: Vettori Josiane C. , da-Silva Luanda G. , Pfrimer Karina , Jordão Alceu A. , Louzada-Junior Paulo , Moriguti Júlio C. , Ferriolli Eduardo , Lima Nereida K. C.
Published: January 2022

Background

Older advanced stage cancer patients, with changes in nutritional status, represent an important demand for palliative care. The aim was to determine the effects of 4 weeks of chocolate consumption on the nutritional status of older cancer patients in palliative care.

Methods

Older cancer patients in palliative care with ambulatory (n = 46) monitoring were randomized to control (CG, n = 15), intervention with 55% cocoa chocolate (IG1, n = 16) and intervention with white chocolate (IG2, n = 15) groups and evaluated before and after 4 weeks for nutritional status (primary outcome), evaluated by the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool (MNA). Food consumption, anthropometry, body composition, laboratory parameters and quality of life (QL) with the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer instrument were also evaluated.

Results

IG1 progressed with increased screening (estimated difference [95% CI]: − 1.3 [− 2.2;-0.4], p < 0.01), and nutritional (estimated difference [95% CI]: − 1.3 [− 2.5;-0.1], p = 0.04) scores on the MNA, with no change in anthropometry and body composition. Regarding antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione levels increased (estimated difference [95% CI]: − 0.8 [− 1.6;-0.02], p = 0.04) and malondealdehyde levels decreased in IG2 (estimated difference [95% CI]:+ 4.9 [+ 0.7;+ 9.1], p = 0.02). Regarding QL, functionality improved in IG1, with higher score in the functional domain (estimated difference [95% CI]:-7.0 [− 13.3;-0.7], p = 0.03).

Conclusions

The consumption of chocolate with a greater cocoa content may contribute to the improvement of the nutritional status and functionality among older cancer patients in palliative care. The consumption of white chocolate was associated with improved oxidative stress.

Trial registration

A randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04367493).
Multiple stakeholder perspectives of factors influencing differential outcomes for ethnic minority students on health and social care placements: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Nightingale Julie , Parkin Jackie , Nelson Pete , Masterson-Ng Shirley , Brewster Jacqui , Labinjo Temitope , Amoakoh Deborah , Lomas David , Salih Ifrah , Harrop Deborah
Published: January 2022

Background

Despite considerable efforts there continues to be a degree awarding gap within the United Kingdom (UK) between the proportion of White British students receiving higher classifications, compared to ethnic minority UK-domiciled students. Practice placement elements constitute approximately 50% of most health and social care programmes, yet surprisingly little research exists related to the factors which may contribute to ethnic minority student placement outcomes or experiences. This study bridges this evidence gap by exploring factors influencing differential placement outcomes of ethnic minority students from the perspectives of key stakeholders.

Methods

The study followed a descriptive qualitative research design and was multi-disciplinary, with participants drawn from across nursing, midwifery, social work and the allied health professions. Participants from four stakeholder categories (ethnic minority students, academic staff, placement educators and student union advisors) were invited to join separate focus groups. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed and analysed thematically.

Results

Ten separate focus groups [n = 66] yielded three primary themes: 1) recognition, which highlighted stakeholder perceptions of the issues [sub-themes: acknowledging concerns; cultural norms; challenging environments]; 2) the lived experience, which primarily captured ethnic minority student perspectives [sub-themes: problematising language and stereotyping, and being treated differently]; 3) surviving not thriving, which outlines the consequences of the lived experience [sub-themes: withdrawing mentally, feeling like an alien].

Conclusion

This study presents a rich exploration of the factors affecting differential outcomes of ethnic minority students on practice placements through the lens of four different stakeholder groups. To our knowledge this is the first study in which this comprehensive approach has been taken to enable multiple viewpoints to be accessed across a wide range of health and social care professions. The issues and challenges raised appear to be common to most if not all of these disciplines. This study highlights the urgent need to value and support our ethnic minority students to remove the barriers they face in their practice learning settings. This is a monumental challenge and requires both individuals and organisations to step up and take collective responsibility.
The recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing porcine deltacoronavirus spike protein is safe and effective for mice
Authors: Huang Yao , Xu Zhiwen , Gu Sirui , Nie Mincai , Wang Yuling , Zhao Jun , Li Fengqing , Deng Huidan , Huang Jianbo , Sun Xiangang , Zhu Ling
Published: January 2022

Background

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a new pathogenic porcine intestinal coronavirus, which has appeared in many countries since 2012. PDCoV disease caused acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and death in piglets, resulted in significant economic loss to the pig industry. However, there is no commercially available vaccine for PDCoV. In this study, we constructed recombinant pseudorabies virus (rPRVXJ-delgE/gI/TK-S) expressing PDCoV spike (S) protein and evaluated its safety and immunogenicity in mice.

Results

The recombinant strain rPRVXJ-delgE/gI/TK-S obtained by CRISPR/Cas gE gene editing technology and homologous recombination technology has genetic stability in baby hamster syrian kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells and is safe to mice. After immunizing mice with rPRVXJ-delgE/gI/TK-S, the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood of mice were up-regulated, the proliferation of spleen-specific T lymphocytes and the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in mice spleen was increased. rPRVXJ-delgE/gI/TK-S showed good immunogenicity for mice. On the seventh day after booster immunity, PRV gB and PDCoV S specific antibodies were detected in mice, and the antibody level continued to increase, and the neutralizing antibody level reached the maximum at 28 days post- immunization (dpi). The recombinant strain can protect mice with 100% from the challenge of virulent strain (PRV XJ) and accelerate the detoxification of PDCoV in mice.

Conclusion

The recombinant rPRVXJ-delgE/gI/TK-S strain is safe and effective with strong immunogenicity and is expected to be a candidate vaccine against PDCoV and PRV.
Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis revealing undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma at early stage: a case report
Authors: Panandtigri Souleymane , Siaˡ Nioka Pierre Xavier , Charkaouiˡ Meryeme , Benchakrounˡ Nadia , Bouchbikaˡ Zineb , Jouhadiˡ Hassan , Tawfiqˡ Nezha , Sahraouiˡ Souha , Beniderˡ Abdellatif
Published: January 2022

Context

Dermatomyositis is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by noninfectious inflammatory damage of skin and predominant muscles in the belts. It is believed to be associated with about 1 in 1000 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This association has been described for locally advanced stages II and III nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It has rarely been described in the early stages (stage I).

Case presentation

A 65-year-old Moroccan patient residing in Casablanca, with no particular history was referred to the Mohamed VI Center for the treatment of cancers of the University Hospital Center IBN ROCHD in Casablanca, for treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer. He was admitted in poor general condition, performance status 3, with erythema on the face, neck, and extremities. The diagnosis of paraneoplastic dermatomyositis was made owing to progressive muscle weakness and elevation of muscle enzymes associated with the typical rash of the face and hands. He received corticosteroid therapy and then radiotherapy to the nasopharynx with good clinical outcome, disappearance of skin lesions, and recovery of muscle strength.

Conclusions

We report this case of dermatomyositis in early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is a rarely described entity. Rapid treatment of dermatomyositis improved the patient’s quality of life and enabled him to support specific cancer treatments. This can be used as an element of early diagnosis and monitoring after treatment.