bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Kruppel‐like factor 4 on PTZ‐induced acute seizure mice
Authors: Li Bingjin , Piao Jingjing , Piao Xinmiao , Geng Zihui , Cheng Ziqian , Zou Xiaohan , Jiang Huiyi
Published: September 2024

Kruppel‐like factor 4 (Klf4) is a transcription factor that is involved in neuronal regeneration and the development of glutamatergic systems. However, it is unknown whether Klf4 is involved in acute seizure. To investigate the potential role of Klf4 in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)‐induced seizure, western blotting, immunofluorescence, behaviour test and electrophysiology were conducted in this study. We found that Klf4 protein and mRNA expression were increased in both the hippocampus (HP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) after PTZ‐induced seizure in mice. HP‐specific knockout (KO) of Klf4 in mice decreased protein expression of Klf4 and the down‐stream Klf4 target tumour protein 53 (TP53/P53). These molecular changes are accompanied by increased seizure latency, reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Reduced hippocampal protein levels for synaptic proteins, including glutamate receptor 1 (GRIA1/GLUA1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (DLG4/PSD95), were also observed after Klf4‐KO, while increased mRNA levels of complement proteins were observed for complement component 1q subcomponent A (C1qa), complement component 1q subcomponent B (C1qb), complement component 1q subcomponent C (C1qc), complement component 3 (C3), complement component 4A (C4a) and complement component 4B (C4b). Moreover, c‐Fos expression induced by PTZ was reduced by hippocampal conditional KO of Klf4. Electrophysiology showed that PTZ‐induced action potential frequency was decreased by overexpression of Klf4. In conclusion, these findings suggest that Klf4 plays an important role in regulating PTZ‐induced seizures and therefore constitutes a new molecular target that should be explored for the development of antiepileptic drugs.
Ethanol extract of Vanilla planifolia stems reduces PAK6 expression and induces cell death in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Chang Hui Hua , Chang Alice Y. W. , Tsai Bing‐Chen , Chen Yu‐Ju , Wu Sung‐Ghun , Chen Li‐Jyun , Lin Yi‐Xuan , Hsueh Yuan‐Shuo
Published: September 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant tumour with a poor prognosis. Therefore, potential treatment strategies and novel therapeutic targets have gained increased attention. Our data showed that the ethanol extract of Vanilla planifolia stem (VAS) significantly decreased the viability and the colony formation of GBM cells. Moreover, VAS induced the cleavage of MAP1LC3, a marker of autophagy. Further RNA‐seq and bioinformatic analysis revealed 4248 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between VAS‐treated GBM cells and the control cells. Protein–protein interactions between DEGs with fold changes less than −3 and more than 5 were further analysed, and we found that 16 and 9 hub DEGs, respectively, were correlated with other DEGs. Further qPCR experiments confirmed that 14 hub DEGs was significantly downregulated and 9 hub DEGs was significantly upregulated. In addition, another significantly downregulated DEG, p21‐activated kinase 6 (PAK6), was correlated with the overall survival of GBM patients. Further validation experiments confirmed that VAS significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of PAK6, which led to the abolition of cell viability and colony formation. These findings demonstrated that VAS reduced cell viability, suppressed colony formation and induced autophagy and revealed PAK6 and other DEGs as potential therapeutic targets for GBM treatment.
Other adults in the United States: Improving survey measures of youths' non‐parental adult relationships
Authors: Brown‐Weinstock Rachel , Kang Megan , Edin Kathryn , Pachman Sarah , Bolin Kaitlyn
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study uses in‐depth interview data to investigate the impact of non‐parental, “other adults” (OAs) on youth development and highlights the importance of better measuring OAs' contributions through the nation's survey infrastructure.

Background

Extant survey measures of youths' social relationships were developed in an anomalous historical period of nuclear family dominance. We argue that these measures do not capture the demographic and economic shifts of the late 20th century, which likely made OAs more salient in youths' lives.

Method

Analyses draw on life history interviews with 40 youth‐primary caregiver dyads sampled from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). We triangulate interview data with questionnaires from the four major nationally representative surveys used in research on youth outcomes to compare how meaningful social ties were described by interviewees versus operationalized in surveys.

Results

We identified four limitations of extant survey measures in capturing youth–OA relationships. Existing measures typically reproduce the nuclear family model by centering biological and stepparent relationships to the exclusion of OAs; capture OAs' financial contributions but not their socioemotional contributions; neglect harmful OA influences; and treat OAs as aggregates, missing within‐group heterogeneity. We illustrated these limitations using the rich interview data.

Conclusion

The FFCWS, drawing on these interviews, has added new measures capturing youth–OA relationships to its year 22 survey wave. Future studies can use these measures to better estimate the population‐level effects of OAs and alternative family structures on the outcomes of youths raised in nonnuclear and disadvantaged families.
Individual Heterogeneity and Trends in Hepatitis C Infection Risk Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Grantz Kyra H. , Cepeda Javier , Astemborski Jacqueline , Kirk Gregory D. , Thomas David L. , Mehta Shruti H. , Wesolowski Amy
Published: September 2024

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among people who inject drugs (PWID). While elimination of HCV as a public health problem may be possible through treatment‐as‐prevention, reinfection can attenuate the impact of treatment scale‐up. There is a need to better understand the distribution and temporal trends in HCV infection risk, including among HCV‐seropositive individuals who will be eligible for treatment and at risk for subsequent reinfection. In this analysis of 840 seronegative and seropositive PWID in Baltimore, MD USA, we used random forest methods to develop a composite risk score of HCV infection from sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors. We characterised the individual heterogeneity and temporal trajectories in this composite risk score using latent class methods and compared that index with a simpler, conventional measure, injection drug use frequency. We found that 15% of the population remained at high risk of HCV infection and reinfection by the composite metric for at least 10 years from study enrolment, while others experienced transient periods of moderate and low risk. Membership in this high‐risk group was strongly associated with higher rates of HCV seroconversion and post‐treatment viraemia, as a proxy of reinfection risk. Injection frequency alone was a poor measure of risk, evidenced by the weak associations between injection frequency classes and HCV‐associated outcomes. Together, our results indicate HCV infection risk is not equally distributed among PWID nor well captured by injection frequency alone. HCV elimination programmes should consider targeted, multifaceted interventions among high‐risk individuals to reduce reinfection.
Bycatch in the balance: the trawl fisheries impact on South American sea lions in San Matias Gulf, with comments on other species
Authors: Romero M. Alejandra , Flórez Laura , Reinaldo Matías Ocampo , Machado Rodrigo , Coller Marina , Crespo Enrique A.
Published: September 2024

Bycatch is recognized as the primary threat to the viability of marine mammal populations. Given that bycatch levels display strong variations in space and time, knowledge of individual fishery‐marine mammal interaction will likely achieve working solutions. Here, we quantify marine mammal bycatch in the trawl fishery of the San Matías Gulf, Argentina, for the first time using data from onboard observers and fishing effort records. We infer expected annual mortality, evaluate the probability of exceeding conservation thresholds, and explore the importance of relevant covariates to account for broadscale differences in bycatch rates. The South American sea lion (Otaria byronia) was the most incidentally caught species (46 individuals), while only one common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) was taken. Bycatch of sea lions was primarily associated with the catch of the target species, proximity to colonies, and the identity of the target species. The maximum estimated bycatch rate was 0.12 animals/haul and 0.08 animals/tonne of target species landed, with significantly higher bycatch rates observed in the hake fleet. For the whole period, the annual bycatch mortality were below the reference points. Our findings highlight potential hotspots of marine mammal bycatch and provide valuable insights for refining future mitigation measures and enhancing conservation efforts.
Cross‐family transfer of the Arabidopsis cell‐surface immune receptor LORE to tomato confers sensing of 3‐hydroxylated fatty acids and enhanced disease resistance
Authors: Eschrig Sabine , Kahlon Parvinderdeep S. , Agius Carlos , Holzer Andrea , Hückelhoven Ralph , Schwechheimer Claus , Ranf Stefanie
Published: September 2024

Plant pathogens pose a high risk of yield losses and threaten food security. Technological and scientific advances have improved our understanding of the molecular processes underlying host–pathogen interactions, which paves the way for new strategies in crop disease management beyond the limits of conventional breeding. Cross‐family transfer of immune receptor genes is one such strategy that takes advantage of common plant immune signalling pathways to improve disease resistance in crops. Sensing of microbe‐ or host damage‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs) by plasma membrane‐resident pattern recognition receptors (PRR) activates pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) and restricts the spread of a broad spectrum of pathogens in the host plant. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the S‐domain receptor‐like kinase LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE‐SPECIFIC REDUCED ELICITATION (AtLORE, SD1‐29) functions as a PRR, which senses medium‐chain‐length 3‐hydroxylated fatty acids (mc‐3‐OH‐FAs), such as 3‐OH‐C10:0, and 3‐hydroxyalkanoates (HAAs) of microbial origin to activate PTI. In this study, we show that ectopic expression of the Brassicaceae‐specific PRR AtLORE in the solanaceous crop species Solanum lycopersicum leads to the gain of 3‐OH‐C10:0 immune sensing without altering plant development. AtLORE‐transgenic tomato shows enhanced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Alternaria solani NL03003. Applying 3‐OH‐C10:0 to the soil before infection induces resistance against the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans Pi100 and further enhances resistance to A. solani NL03003. Our study proposes a potential application of AtLORE‐transgenic crop plants and mc‐3‐OH‐FAs as resistance‐inducing biostimulants in disease management.
Extended lactations in dairy cows and the effects on fertility and production
Authors: van Knegsel Ariette T. M. , Burgers Eline E. A. , Edvardsson Rasmussen Anna
Published: September 2024

Extending lactation length reduces the frequency of critical calving events for the cow and herewith reduces the frequency of periods with increased risk for health problems. Moreover, breeding is postponed until a moment later in lactation, which is associated with better conception rates and less days open after start of the breeding period in most studies. Potential risks of an extended lactation are that milk yield of cows at the end of the lactation may be too low which may lead to cows being overconditioned at the end of the extended lactation. Therefore, extending lactation length might not fit every cow. Individual cow characteristics like parity, milk yield level, or body condition determine the response of the cow to an extended lactation. These individual cow characteristics can be used in customized management strategies to optimize lactation length for individual cows. Customized lactation length for individual cows could limit the impact at herd level of disadvantages concerning milk losses and overconditioning and maintain benefits for improved cow health and fertility, reduced number of surplus calves and increased work satisfaction for the farmer. In conclusion, extending lactation length has interesting perspectives for health and fertility of high‐producing dairy cows, although questions remain concerning management approaches to support lactation persistency of cows with an extended lactation, and consequences for calf health and development. Moreover, ongoing studies aim to develop decision support tools to select individual cows for a specific lactation length.
The Social Dynamics of Peaceful Christian–Muslim Relations in Nigeria
Authors: Ossai Emmanuel Chiwetalu
Published: September 2024

With roughly equal Christian and Muslim populations, Nigeria has experienced various degrees of Christian–Muslim conflict. However, numerous Nigerian Christians and Muslims coexist peacefully. With Scopus and Web of Science, this study finds that recent studies which explored concrete cases of peaceful Christian–Muslim relations in Nigeria are minimal. Previous research has examined the collaborative de‐escalation of tensions in violence‐prone communities; partnerships among the informally employed; positive interfaith encounters amid crises; peaceful relations in Yorubaland; and cooperation between Christian and Shia Muslim minorities in the north. The studies show that civilian agency, political power‐sharing, and inclusive governance have enabled peace.
Anticipatory Race‐Related Stress and Depressive Symptoms Among U.S. Black Women Attending a Historically Black University: Are Psychosocial Resources Stress Buffers?
Authors: Erving Christy L. , Williams Tiffany R. , Holt Alexander J. , Taylor Aigné
Published: September 2024

In an era of police brutality and the Black Lives Matter movement, many Black Americans believe that racism is a mainstay of U.S. culture. Even if not experiencing racial threats or violence directly, racial tension can induce stress via anticipatory race‐related stress (ARRS). Drawing from theories of social stress and the intersectionality framework, this study examined the association between ARRS and depressive symptoms among Black women attending a historically Black university (N = 207). Second, we investigated whether psychosocial resources (mastery, resilience, self‐esteem, and social support) moderated the association between ARRS and depressive symptoms. Study results revealed that anticipatory race‐related stress was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Mastery and resilience moderated the association between anticipatory race‐related stress and depressive symptoms; that is, the association between ARRS and depressive symptoms was weaker for those with elevated levels of mastery and resilience. In sum, building resilience and mastery among Black women may be effective coping strategies for combatting anticipatory race‐related stress. However, dismantling structural racism is necessary to eliminate the anticipation of racism.
Single-cell chromatin accessibility reveals malignant regulatory programs in primary human cancers
Authors: Sundaram Laksshman , Kumar Arvind , Zatzman Matthew , Salcedo Adriana , Ravindra Neal , Shams Shadi , Louie Brian H. , Bagdatli S. Tansu , Myers Matthew A. , Sarmashghi Shahab , Choi Hyo Young , Choi Won-Young , Yost Kathryn E. , Zhao Yanding , Granja Jeffrey M. , Hinoue Toshinori , Hayes D. Neil , Cherniack Andrew , Felau Ina , Choudhry Hani , Zenklusen Jean C. , Farh Kyle Kai-How , McPherson Andrew , Curtis Christina , Laird Peter W. ,   The Cancer Genome Atlas Analysis Network‡, Corces M. Ryan , Chang Howard Y. , Greenleaf William J. , Demchok John A. , Yang Liming , Tarnuzzer Roy , Caesar-Johnson Samantha J. , Wang Zhining , Doane Ashley S. , Khurana Ekta , Castro Mauro A. A. , Lazar Alexander J. , Broom Bradley M. , Weinstein John N. , Akbani Rehan , Kumar Shwetha V. , Raphael Benjamin J. , Wong Christopher K. , Stuart Joshua M. , Safavi Rojin , Benz Christopher C. , Johnson Benjamin K. , Kyi Cindy , Shen Hui
Published: September 2024

To identify cancer-associated gene regulatory changes, we generated single-cell chromatin accessibility landscapes across eight tumor types as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas. Tumor chromatin accessibility is strongly influenced by copy number alterations that can be used to identify subclones, yet underlying cis-regulatory landscapes retain cancer type–specific features. Using organ-matched healthy tissues, we identified the “nearest healthy” cell types in diverse cancers, demonstrating that the chromatin signature of basal-like–subtype breast cancer is most similar to secretory-type luminal epithelial cells. Neural network models trained to learn regulatory programs in cancer revealed enrichment of model-prioritized somatic noncoding mutations near cancer-associated genes, suggesting that dispersed, nonrecurrent, noncoding mutations in cancer are functional. Overall, these data and interpretable gene regulatory models for cancer and healthy tissue provide a framework for understanding cancer-specific gene regulation.
Organizing the coactivity structure of the hippocampus from robust to flexible memory
Authors: Gava Giuseppe P. , Lefèvre Laura , Broadbelt Tabitha , McHugh Stephen B. , Lopes-dos-Santos Vítor , Brizee Demi , Hartwich Katja , Sjoberg Hanna , Perestenko Pavel V. , Toth Robert , Sharott Andrew , Dupret David
Published: September 2024

New memories are integrated into prior knowledge of the world. But what if consecutive memories exert opposing demands on the host brain network? We report that acquiring a robust (food-context) memory constrains the mouse hippocampus within a population activity space of highly correlated spike trains that prevents subsequent computation of a flexible (object-location) memory. This densely correlated firing structure developed over repeated mnemonic experience, gradually coupling neurons in the superficial sublayer of the CA1 stratum pyramidale to whole-population activity. Applying hippocampal theta-driven closed-loop optogenetic suppression to mitigate this neuronal recruitment during (food-context) memory formation relaxed the topological constraint on hippocampal coactivity and restored subsequent flexible (object-location) memory. These findings uncover an organizational principle for the peer-to-peer coactivity structure of the hippocampal cell population to meet memory demands.
Hematopoietic aging promotes cancer by fueling IL-1⍺–driven emergency myelopoiesis
Authors: Park Matthew D. , Le Berichel Jessica , Hamon Pauline , Wilk C. Matthias , Belabed Meriem , Yatim Nader , Saffon Alexis , Boumelha Jesse , Falcomatà Chiara , Tepper Alexander , Hegde Samarth , Mattiuz Raphaël , Soong Brian Y. , LaMarche Nelson M. , Rentzeperis Frederika , Troncoso Leanna , Halasz Laszlo , Hennequin Clotilde , Chin Theodore , Chen Earnest P. , Reid Amanda M. , Su Matthew , Cahn Ashley Reid , Koekkoek Laura L. , Venturini Nicholas , Wood-isenberg Shira , D’souza Darwin , Chen Rachel , Dawson Travis , Nie Kai , Chen Zhihong , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Casanova-Acebes Maria , Swirski Filip K. , Downward Julian , Vabret Nicolas , Brown Brian D. , Marron Thomas U. , Merad Miriam
Published: September 2024

Age is a major risk factor for cancer, but how aging impacts tumor control remains unclear. In this study, we establish that aging of the immune system, regardless of the age of the stroma and tumor, drives lung cancer progression. Hematopoietic aging enhances emergency myelopoiesis, resulting in the local accumulation of myeloid progenitor–like cells in lung tumors. These cells are a major source of interleukin (IL)–1⍺, which drives the enhanced myeloid response. The age-associated decline of DNA methyltransferase 3A enhances IL-1⍺ production, and disrupting IL-1 receptor 1 signaling early during tumor development normalized myelopoiesis and slowed the growth of lung, colonic, and pancreatic tumors. In human tumors, we identified an enrichment for IL-1⍺–expressing monocyte-derived macrophages linked to age, poorer survival, and recurrence, unraveling how aging promotes cancer and offering actionable therapeutic strategies.
Spatial cognitive ability is associated with longevity in food-caching chickadees
Authors: Welklin Joseph F. , Sonnenberg Benjamin R. , Branch Carrie L. , Heinen Virginia K. , Pitera Angela M. , Benedict Lauren M. , Whitenack Lauren E. , Bridge Eli S. , Pravosudov Vladimir V.
Published: September 2024

Cognitive abilities are hypothesized to affect survival and life span in nonhuman animals. However, most tests of this hypothesis have relied on interspecific comparisons of indirect measures of cognitive ability, such as brain size. We present direct evidence that individual variation in cognitive abilities is associated with differences in life span in a wild food caching bird. We measured the spatial cognitive abilities and tracked the life span of 227 mountain chickadees (
Poecile gambeli
) in their natural environment and found that individuals with better spatial learning and memory abilities involved in food caching lived longer. These results confirm that enhanced cognitive abilities can be associated with longer life in wild animals and that selection on cognitive abilities can lead to increased life span.
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of alcohols with olefins by positional tuning of a counteranion
Authors: Kaster Sven H. M. , Zhu Lei , Lyon William L. , Ma Rulin , Ammann Stephen E. , White M. Christina
Published: September 2024

Transition metal–catalyzed cross-couplings have great potential to furnish complex ethers; however, challenges in the C(sp
3
)–O functionalization step have precluded general methods. Here, we describe computationally guided transition metal–ligand design that positions a hydrogen-bond acceptor anion at the reactive site to promote functionalization. A general cross-coupling of primary, secondary, and tertiary aliphatic alcohols with terminal olefins to furnish >130 ethers is achieved. The mild conditions tolerate functionality that is prone to substitution, elimination, and epimerization and achieve site selectivity in polyol settings. Mechanistic studies support the hypothesis that the ligand’s geometry and electronics direct positioning of the phosphate anion at the π-allyl-palladium terminus, facilitating the phosphate’s hydrogen-bond acceptor role toward the alcohol. Ligand-directed counteranion positioning in cationic transition metal catalysis has the potential to be a general strategy for promoting challenging bimolecular reactivity.
PLK1-mediated phosphorylation cascade activates Mis18 complex to ensure centromere inheritance
Authors: Parashara Pragya , Medina-Pritchard Bethan , Abad Maria Alba , Sotelo-Parrilla Paula , Thamkachy Reshma , Grundei David , Zou Juan , Spanos Christos , Kumar Chandni Natalia , Basquin Claire , Das Vimal , Yan Zhaoyue , Al-Murtadha Asma Abdullah , Kelly David A. , McHugh Toni , Imhof Axel , Rappsilber Juri , Jeyaprakash A. Arockia
Published: September 2024

Accurate chromosome segregation requires the attachment of microtubules to centromeres, epigenetically defined by the enrichment of CENP-A nucleosomes. During DNA replication, CENP-A nucleosomes undergo dilution. To preserve centromere identity, correct amounts of CENP-A must be restored in a cell cycle–controlled manner orchestrated by the Mis18 complex (Mis18α-Mis18β-Mis18BP1). We demonstrate here that PLK1 interacts with the Mis18 complex by recognizing self-primed phosphorylations of Mis18α (Ser
54
) and Mis18BP1 (Thr
78
and Ser
93
) through its Polo-box domain. Disrupting these phosphorylations perturbed both centromere recruitment of the CENP-A chaperone HJURP and new CENP-A loading. Biochemical and functional analyses showed that phosphorylation of Mis18α and PLK1 binding were required to activate Mis18α-Mis18β and promote Mis18 complex-HJURP interaction. Thus, our study reveals key molecular events underpinning the licensing role of PLK1 in ensuring accurate centromere inheritance.
Learning from a climate disaster: The catastrophic floods in southern Brazil
Authors: Pillar Valério D. , Overbeck Gerhard E.
Published: September 2024

The catastrophic floods that affected southern Brazil last May should serve as a warning to human societies that, despite the still widespread
climate change skepticism or denial
, mitigation and adaptation to cope with the ongoing climate crisis are urgently needed. The toll was
213 people killed or missing; 2.4 million people affected
, including 600,000 displaced; and unprecedented losses in urban and
rural infrastructure, including livestock
. These losses could have been lower if adaptation measures had been in place, as has been
repeatedly recommended
by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Having witnessed the catastrophe firsthand, here we highlight nature-based adaptation measures that could effectively provide resistance and resilience against extreme climate events.
In Science Journals
Authors: Ray L. Bryan , Yeston Jake S. , Funk Michael A. , Sofowora Iyinoluwa , Stern Peter , Stajic Jelena , Berry Brandon , Vignieri Sacha , Lopez Bianca , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Kelly Priscilla N. , Lavine Marc S. , Smith Keith T. , Szuromi Phil , Foley John F. , Fogg Christiana N.
Published: September 2024

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Breakthrough promises new era of ultraprecise nuclear clocks
Authors: Bennett Jay
Published: September 2024

Timekeepers based on energy transitions in atomic nuclei could be stable, portable, and able to probe new physics
NSF says tribes must OK studies that affect them
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

Many researchers and tribes see the change as long overdue but say it means new burdens
Serbian lithium mine triggers publication dispute
Authors: O’Grady Cathleen
Published: September 2024

Mining company scientists attack paper claiming environmental contamination
IMT-P8 potentiates Gram-positive specific antibiotics in intrinsically resistant Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Singh Vidhu , Nandanwar Hemraj
Published: September 2024

Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) pose a major global public health challenge as they exhibit a remarkable level of resistance to antibiotics. One of the factors responsible for promoting resistance against a wide range of antibiotics is the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. The OM acts as a barrier that prevents the entry of numerous antibiotics by reducing their influx (due to membrane impermeability) and enhancing their efflux (with the help of efflux pumps). Our study focuses on analyzing the effect of IMT-P8, a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), to enhance the influx of various Gram-positive specific antibiotics in multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. In the mechanistic experiments, IMT-P8 permeabilizes the OM at the same concentrations at which it enhances the activity of various antibiotics against GNB. Cytoplasmic membrane permeabilization was also observed at these concentrations, indicating that IMT-P8 acts on both the outer and cytoplasmic membranes. IMT-P8 interferes with the intrinsic resistance mechanism of GNB and has the potential to make Gram-positive specific antibiotics effective against GNB. IMT-P8 extends the post-antibiotic effect and in combination with antibiotics shows anti-persister activity. The IMT-P8/fusidic acid combination is effective in eliminating intracellular pathogens. IMT-P8 with negligible toxicity displayed good efficacy in murine lung and thigh infection models. Based on these findings, IMT-P8 is a potential antibiotic adjuvant to treat Gram-negative bacterial infections that pose a health hazard.
Incidence of serotonin syndrome in patients receiving tedizolid and concomitant serotonergic agents
Authors: Fang Yingsi , Clarke Lloyd G. , Smith Brandon J. , Shah Sunish
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the real-world incidence rate of serotonin syndrome in patients receiving tedizolid and concomitant serotonergic agents. A retrospective cohort of 479 adult patients was assessed between January 2015 and July 2023. Overall, a rare rate of 0.4% (2/479) of possible serotonin syndrome with tedizolid was identified. Given that concomitant serotonergic agents were commonly used, further study is warranted to determine causality.
Differences in autotoxic substances and microbial community in the root space of
Panax notoginseng
coinducing the occurrence of root rot
Authors: Chen Jinmiao , Liu Zhidan , Liu Yuyan , Ji Xiuling , Li Xiaoran , Wei Yunlin , Zi Futing , Tan Yong
Published: September 2024

The composition and stability of the microbial community structure of roots and root zone soils play a key role in the healthy growth of plants. We examined the distribution characteristics of phenolic acids and saponins, as well as microbial communities in the root space (root endosphere, rhizoplane soil, rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil) of healthy and root rot disease-affected
Panax notoginseng
. The results showed that after infection with root rot, the rhizoplane soil exhibited significant decreases in organic matter and hydrolyzable nitrogen and significant increases in available phosphorus, available potassium, and total nitrogen. The contents of phenolic acids (except benzoic acid) and ginsenoside Rg2 in the root endosphere significantly increased. Ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the rhizoplane soil significantly increased.
Rhodococcus
increased significantly in the root endosphere, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere soil;
Nitrospira
decreased significantly in the rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and bulk soil; and
Plectosphaerella
decreased significantly in the root endosphere and rhizoplane soil. Moreover, the accumulation of most autotoxins can promote the growth of pathogens. In summary, the spatial autotoxic substances and microbial community differences in
P. notoginseng
roots jointly induce the occurrence of root rot.

IMPORTANCE

Panax notoginseng
is highly susceptible to soil-borne diseases induced during planting, and root rot, which usually occurs in the root and stem parts of the plant, is the most severe. We divided the root environment of
P. notoginseng
into four parts (root endosphere, rhizoplane soil, rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil) and studied it with unplanted soil as the control. In this study, we examined the changes in the content of autotoxic substances in the root space of
P. notoginseng
, along with the interplay between these substances and microorganisms. This study revealed the mechanism underlying root rot and provided a theoretical basis for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in
P. notoginseng
.
Supplemental Material: Prediction of CO2 content in mid-ocean ridge basalts via a machine learning approach
Authors: Lei Tian-Ting , jia Liu , Xia Qunke , al. et
Published: September 2024

Details on data collection and machine learning analysis process. 
Supplemental Material: Pulse of intense oxidative weathering during the latest Paleoproterozoic
Authors: Yang Xiuqing , al. et
Published: September 2024

Rock description, methods, supplemental notes, Figures S1–S4, and Tables S1–S2. 
Small cell colorectal cancer: a rare tumour with an aggressive course
Authors: Mitchell Timothy , Geraghty Alistair , Gardner Katherine , Rodgers Lisa
Published: September 2024

A relatively healthy male patient in his 60s presented with chest pain and shortness of breath in addition to a history of significant weight loss over the preceding months. He was admitted to the hospital and investigated with a CT pulmonary angiogram, which did not demonstrate a pulmonary embolus, but he subsequently went on to have an ultrasound and CT scan because of abnormal findings. His CT demonstrated some thickening of the mid-transverse colon, and, in addition, large volume liver metastases described as innumerable and probably replacing most of the liver.

Initially, his liver function tests were only mildly deranged at the presentation. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed, and a transverse colonic malignancy was identified and biopsied, which demonstrated an extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC). He was admitted for urgent chemotherapy for newly diagnosed metastatic small-cell colonic cancer; he developed tumour lysis syndrome following his first dose of chemotherapy. He continued to decline following this and died soon after his admission. Metastatic small-cell colonic cancer is a rare diagnosis which is challenging to manage due to the lack of trial evidence to drive treatment strategies. The management largely follows the pulmonary small cell cancer pathway. We, therefore, present a colonic EPSCC case outlining the diagnostic and treatment strategies for this disease.
Clinical spectrum and possible pathogenesis of progressive outer retinal necrosis
Authors: Ding Xiaohu , Chang Robert T , Zhang Xiongze , Liu LiLi , Yang Yangfan , Lu Lin , Lin Xiaofeng
Published: September 2024

Objective

Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) is an alphaherpesvirus-caused panuveitis with devastating consequences for the eye. Our study aims to describe new findings in the clinical spectrum and propose a mechanism for the pathogenesis of PORN.

Methods

Observational, consecutive case series. Seven eyes from five patients diagnosed with PORN were enrolled. Detailed case histories, ocular examination findings and multimodal images of retina were collected. Optic nerve and brain imaging were obtained by MRI.

Results

All eyes were confirmed human alphaherpesviruses positive in ocular fluid by qPCR. Optic nerve oedema was observed on MRI in all eyes. A relative afferent pupillary defect was recorded in the affected eye for the unilateral cases. Two patients with unilateral involvement had a history of viral encephalitis and focal encephalomalacia found in the temporal lobe on brain MRI. The affected eyes were characterised by sensory retinal necrosis sparing retinal pigment epithelium, starting at the end of the retinal nerve fibre (horizontal raphe or peripheral area of the retina) and progressing rapidly along the nerve fibre. The wall of the retinal artery and vein was destroyed, resulting in blood flow interruption on fluorescein angiography and retinal haemorrhages along the large vessels.

Conclusions

Combination the neurotropic characteristics of alphaherpesviruses and the signs of PORN, we hypothesised that the reactivated PORN virus originated from the lateral geniculate nucleus, then propagated along the optic nerve and was released at the terminals, causing necrosis of the entire sensory retina rather than just affecting the outer segment.
CSF1 receptor-related leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Chukwuocha Ikechukwu , Ubben Simon , O'Driscoll Mary , Seymour Alison
Published: September 2024

A 51-year-old woman developed subacute progressive gait and cognitive difficulties, with depression and anxiety. She had psychomotor slowing, axial rigidity, fixed dystonic posturing of right hand and symmetrical generalised bradykinesia. MR brain scan identified bilateral multifocal non-enhancing high signal intensity in the frontal subcortical and periventricular areas, with corpus callosal thinning and areas of paraventricular diffusion restriction, suggesting an adult-onset leukodystrophy. Genetic analysis identified a heterogenous pathogenic variant in the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) causing this autosomal dominant leukoencephalopathy (OMIM 221820). The patient was unusual in having a CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy without a relevant family history.
Gender-based citation differences in speech–language pathology
Authors: Riemann Steffen , Roheger Mandy , Kohlschmidt Jan , Kirschke Jennifer , Lillo Margherita , Flöel Agnes , Meinzer Marcus
Published: September 2024

Gender inequalities are well documented in science and typically favor male scientists. A particularly pervasive gender difference is undercitation of publications authored by women, resulting in profound negative effects on academic visibility and career advancement. This inequality has been documented in fields where author gender distributions are strongly skewed towards men (astronomy, physics, neuroscience). By investigating citation practices in a field that has traditionally been more accessible to female scientists (speech–language pathology, SLP), we demonstrate that gendered citation practices are mediated by author gender distribution in specific fields, rather than being a universal pattern. Specifically, our results revealed a citation pattern in SLP that overall tends to favor female authors, persists after controlling for potential confounding factors and, is particularly strong when female authors are citing publications involving female first and senior author teams. Our results suggest that the implementation of effective measures to increase the number and influence of underrepresented individuals in specific fields of science may contribute to mitigate downstream disadvantages for career advancement. However, future research in fields with different author gender distributions and consideration of additional mediating factors is required to establish a potential causal link between field specific authorship patterns and gendered citation inequality.
Cosmological solutions in polynomial affine gravity with torsion
Authors: Castillo-Felisola Oscar , Grez Bastian , Olmo Gonzalo J. , Orellana Oscar , Gárate José Perdiguero
Published: September 2024

The Polynomial Affine Gravity is an alternative gravitational model, where the interactions are mediated solely by the affine connection, instead of the metric tensor. In this paper, we explore the space of solutions to the field equations when the torsion fields are turned on, in a homogeneous and isotropic (cosmological) scenario. We explore various metric structures that emerge in the space of solutions.
Exploring performance characteristics via edge configuration in black phosphorene TFETs
Authors: Owlia Hadi , Nasrollahnejad Mohammad Bagher
Published: September 2024

Tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) based on 2D materials have emerged as promising candidates for low-power devices. However, many TFETs utilizing 2D materials suffer from the limitation of low ON current. Black phosphorene, a 2D material exhibiting a high ON current and also an appropriate band gap, is known as a notable candidate. This paper investigates simulation results of armchair/zigzag phosphorene nanoribbon tunneling field-effect transistors (APNR-TFET/ZPNR-TFET). Our approach relies on the combination of density functional-based tight binding with the nonequilibrium Green’s function. Results encompass energy band structure, I–V characteristics, on/off current ratio, Power-Delay Product (PDP), delay time and cutoff frequency. It is shown that ZPNR-TFETs possess a higher [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratio, PDP and intrinsic gain compared to APNR-TFETs. Hence, the ZPNR-TFET is better suited for digital applications. Due to the increased [Formula: see text] in APNR-TFET, this structure exhibits a higher cutoff frequency, resulting in enhanced performance in analog applications.
Vibration Isolation Performance of an Inerter–Stiffness–Damping Isolator Mounted on a Flexible Base and Feedback Control
Authors: Bai Jinlin , Ye Tiangui , Jin Guoyong , Yuan Junjie
Published: September 2024

It has been commonly assumed that an inerter–stiffness–damping isolator mounts on a rigid foundation, however, there exists a strong interaction among the vibration source, isolator, and the base structure for systems with flexible or nonrigid bases. This paper investigates a system consisting of an isolation object, mounted on flexible base plate through an inerter–spring–damping isolator. The steady-state response of the plate-exerted point force excitation can be obtained by using the eigenfunction expansion theorem and expressed by the eigenfunctions and natural frequencies of the system. The four-pole parameter of the inerter can be modeled from the formula calculation or its properties. The transmissibility relation of the proposed system is obtained by using the four-pole parameter theory, which is validated by creating the simulation model in Abaqus software. The power transmission ratio as an isolation performance index is proposed by the mobility relationship among the isolation object, the isolator, and the base. The novelty of this study is that the vibration transmissibility with the flexible base has a much better roll-off rate and anti-resonance peak than that of the rigid base in the high-frequency range, although the resonant peak is generated. A comprehensive parameter analysis shows that the isolation performance can be designed and adjusted by the thickness, material of the plate and the position of the isolator. The effects of feedback control on the resonant peak mitigation of the proposed system are discussed in detail based on Resonant Control, Positive Position Feedback, and Fractional Order Positive Position Feedback. The [Formula: see text] optimization criterion is employed to obtain the optimal damping parameters of positive position feedback.
Seismic Performance of Anchor Rod and Isolation Layer Combination System: A Case Study of Mountain Tunnel
Authors: Yang Qingcheng , Geng Ping , Chen Changjian , He Dingwei , Wang Song , Zhao Yan
Published: September 2024

The portal section of mountain tunnels usually suffers severe damage during earthquakes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the seismic performance of the combined system of anchor rod and isolation layer in the portal section of the mountain tunnel. The numerical model was established based on the actual terrain of the engineering site and included the tunnel pillar portal structure, horizontal seismic wave input, and absorbing boundary conditions. Four cases were considered: without measures, anchor rod, isolation layer, and combination of anchor rod and isolation layer. Comparative analysis of the dynamic response and seismic performance of the structure under seismic action for each case. The results show that: (1) The combination measures reducing the maximum peak acceleration of the tunnel pillar portal and lining to 0.33[Formula: see text]g and 0.36[Formula: see text]g, respectively, achieving acceleration reduction rates of 30% and 36.8%; (2) The combination measures increases frictional resistance through anchor rod, providing restraint and support to the surrounding rock, and the isolation layer further mitigates the interaction between the surrounding rock and the lining, reducing the stress on the lining. This synergy reduces the maximum relative displacement of the tunnel portal pillar by 43.7% to 9.4[Formula: see text]mm, and the lining by 58% to 7.8[Formula: see text]mm; (3) The combination measures reduce the maximum peak principal stress of the lining to 1.48[Formula: see text]MPa, achieving a stress reduction rate of 68.23%. Effectively enhancing the seismic performance of the tunnel and reducing damage and failure.
Network-Based Radial-Gradient Al–Si10–Mg Gyroid Lattice Structures: Manufacture, Mechanical Response and Energy Absorption
Authors: Hao Bo , Zhu Zhiming , Zhao Yuxin , Zhang Li
Published: September 2024

The applications of triply periodic minimum surfaces (TPMS) in biomedicine, aerospace and functionally graded materials have garnered significant interest. In order to further explore the possibility of regulating the properties of TPMS-based lattice structures, radial-graded Gyroid lattice structures (GLSs) were constructed and Al–Si10–Mg samples were prepared by selective laser melting (SLM). FEA and compression experiments were employed to evaluate the deformation behavior, mechanical response and energy absorption of GLSs. The introduction of the Johnson–Cook model effectively simulated the deformation and failure mechanism of G-777 and G-791, and both of them showed uniform deformation. In comparison to G-777, G-791 demonstrated enhancements of 19.234%, 33.096%, 49.729% and 15.421% in yield strength, plateau stress, elastic modulus and energy absorption, respectively. Meanwhile, the numerical simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The present study suggests the mechanical properties and energy absorption capacity of GLSs can be regulated by radial gradient. This paper can provide a theoretical foundation for customizing the performance of TPMS-based lattice structures.
CLUSTER DEPENDENCY AND SYNCHRONIZATION OF MULTILAYER DIRECTED NETWORKS FROM A QUOTIENT GRAPH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: XIE YONGTAO , ZHAI SHIDONG , LIU PING , QU HONGCHUN
Published: September 2024

This paper studies cluster dependence and synchronization in multilayer directed networks. Based on network quotient graphs, we provide a more efficient way to identify dependencies between clusters. By considering the relationships and interactions between clusters at a higher level of abstraction, this analysis can reduce the computational effort without requiring extensive computation on the original network. Furthermore, this paper investigates the impact of structural perturbations on network synchronization capabilities within a multilayer framework. Specifically, for the case where perturbations are applied to the dominant group, we study how changes in the network structure affect its cluster synchronization (CS) behavior. Finally, we employe a multilayer neural network model to validate the findings presented in this paper.
Dynamics of a stochastic predator–prey model with disease in predators and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Yuan Meng , Ning Wenxu , Zhao Chenxia , Zhang Tonghua , Yuan Sanling
Published: September 2024

Invasive species can inflict significant harm on biodiversity and disrupt ecosystem stability. Introducing pathogens to combat invasive species is recognized as an effective method for preserving biodiversity. Against this backdrop, we examine a predator–prey model involving diseased predators, taking into account the impact of environmental noise, and then propose a stochastic predator–prey model where predators carry diseases. In this model, we assume that the intrinsic growth rate of the prey and the disease transmission rate of the predator follow an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. Our contributions in this study can be summarized as follows: First, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the global solution for the stochastic predator–prey model, along with an analysis of moment estimation for the global solution. Second, we provide sufficient conditions for the existence of stationary distribution and population extinction within the stochastic predator–prey model. Furthermore, we derive the precise expression of the probability density function near the quasi-positive equilibrium [Formula: see text] of the stochastic predator–prey model. Lastly, we validate our analytical findings through numerical simulations.
Von Neumann regular semimodule II
Authors: Sen M. K. , Maity S. K. , Swomin Sabnam
Published: September 2024

The study of subsemimodules of semimodules over semirings plays a central role in the structure theory and are useful for many purposes. In this paper, [Formula: see text] is considered as an inverse semimodule over a semiring [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is a distributive lattice of rings. The main part of this paper is devoted to stating and proving several properties of vn-regular semimodules, which generalize the study of vn-regular modules.