bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural Encounters: A Final Word
Authors: Culpeper Jonathan
Published: June 2015

The notion of “culture” must surely stand as one of the most controversial, most difficult to define concepts in academia. Such are the problems that one is tempted to evade the concept altogether. And if one is brave enough to pursue the concept, there lingers the suspicion that the concept is fatally flawed. Consider, for example, Sarangi’s (2009, 87) point, as noted in the introduction to this volume, that “any definition of culture is necessarily reductionist.” That raises the issue of whether it is worthwhile pursing research that has such a reductionist category as culture at its heart. In fact, in my view any kind of research that involves analysis is – perhaps by definition – reductionist. Analysis involves reducing phenomena to analytical categories by identifying commonalities amongst them. Perhaps the point here is that culture as a category it particularly reductionist. However, even that rather depends on how one defines culture and operationalizes it. This is where it is particularly instructive to consider how the papers in this volume have handled this issue.
Teaching Horror Literature in a Multicultural Classroom
Authors: Matek Ljubica
Published: June 2015

As a genre, horror tends to be marginalized in literature classes because it is often mistakenly perceived to be inappropriate for the classroom environment due to the intensive emotional effects that the genre’s typical macabre motifs and topics may produce in the reader. However, this paper argues that, for two reasons, horror texts represent a valid and important addition to a literary syllabus. First, they typically have a positive impact on the students’ increased interest in reading, which is, in the pedagogical and scholarly sense, a desirable activity. Second, they tend to contribute significantly to the development of empathy with and tolerance for others, which is an especially valuable learning outcome in a multicultural classroom characterized by implied intercultural communication.
Indefinite and Continuative Interpretations of the English Present Perfect
Authors: Žetko Katarina Dea
Published: June 2015

The objective of our paper is to demonstrate that the English present perfect is not by inherent meaning either indefinite or continuative. Notions like indefinite and continuative are contextdependent interpretations of whole constructions and their broader context. However, continuative interpretation can also be triggered by certain adverbials, negative constructions and verbs in the progressive form. But, even these factors do not always guarantee continuative interpretations. Construction, continuative meaning can be cancelled by the context in a broader sense, this fact being a proof that this meaning is merely an implicature. We will demonstrate how different factors interact and trigger either indefinite or continuative interpretations which are not inherent in the present perfect itself. Our paper will attempt to provide sufficient evidence that there is no indefinite/continuative distinction in the English present perfect, the inherent meaning or function of the present perfect is merely to locate the situation somewhere within a period that starts before the time of utterance and leads up to it.
An Historical Novel or a Historical Novel? A Case of Variation in Spelling
Authors: Calciu Rodica
Published: June 2015

The form of the indefinite article before h is not an easy matter, as mentioned among others, by Jespersen, in A Modern English Grammar. The existence today of written corpora and other online resources allows for a wider and, hopefully, a more reliable examination of variants. The present paper presents the results obtained from an analysis of the forms of the indefinite article before words beginning with h found in the Gutenberg corpus, therefore, in literature, and in The British National Corpus (BNC). Quantitative data are presented and accounted for in a synchronic and diachronic perspective.
Literature and Daily Life: Looking for Love in All the Wrong (and Right) Places
Authors: Barber Lester E.
Published: June 2015

It is sometimes claimed these days that serious literature is seldom relevant to the lives of ordinary citizens of our communities. It is the contention of this author, however, that good literature is always a joy to read and consider. The ideas conveyed by that literature can guide us, challenge us and reassure us in our daily lives. The challenge for the author is to see if he can demonstrate the truth of these claims to a general, non-academic audience. The first section of the article argues that Shakespeare in his Romeo and Juliet was doing something brand new in renaissance England – presenting love as a deep and sharply felt human emotion, something very different from the “game” of love presented in so many earlier works of that period and its predecessor as well, including plays, treatises of love and the many sonnet sequences of those times. The second, and somewhat longer, section analyzes James Purdy’s novel, The Nephew, seeing in it an underlying theme of love’s emotional power and redemptive force in the lives of ordinary individuals of all ages.
Assessment of Young Learners’ Foreign Language in Slovenian Primary Schools
Authors: Brumen Mihaela , Čagran Branka , Rixon Shelagh
Published: June 2015

Assessment should regularly and systematically be integrated into the process of learning and teaching. That is, it should reflect the kinds of activity that regularly occur in class and with which pupils are familiar. It should have a strong diagnostic function that will provide useful information to teachers and learners in enabling them to take stock of where they are and if necessary to adapt their particular strategies. The research reported in this article focuses on an investigation of Slovenian foreign language teachers’ experiences and attitudes toward the assessment of primary learners of a foreign language. By means of a survey questionnaire we present the characteristics of teachers’ assessment in practice, and teachers’ attitudes toward assessment at the primary level. The survey shows that all teachers assess their young learners of foreign languages, more often numerically than with comments. They also believe that they are responsible for assessment, just as they believe that teachers and young learners alike have the right to these the results.
The Portfolio – a More Responsible Student – a Less Stressed-out Teacher
Authors: Fidler Soča
Published: June 2015

The article warns against the negative impacts of external assessment. These impacts are already noticeable in Slovenia, specifically and mainly in the teaching approach and learning efforts used for taking the standardised Matura exams. There is a narrowing of overall learning goals and a neglecting of the areas that, although vital for students’ development, are not assessed in the exams themselves, as well, there are increased stress levels before and during the exams, which could result in a poorer performance. The article then proposes a portfolio approach in which students set their own learning goals, pursue them, reflect both on their achievements and alternative ways to make better progress. The portfolio approach lends itself extremely well to developing a student’s writing skills gradually, as the awareness of learning goals and the setting of one’s own, in combination with self-assessment and reflection are better motivators than just following preset objectives.
Essay Titles – Getting the Best out of Students?
Authors: Sokolov Cvetka
Published: June 2015

Essay titles are important (de)motivating factors that have an immense influence on the quality of students’ writing. The article focuses on two questionnaires aimed at students of English, and at lecturers teaching, writing skills at the Department of English at the Faculty of Arts in Ljubljana. Both groups of respondents were asked to consider a list of essay titles taken from various authentic sources, deciding whether, to what extent, and under what circumstances they found them suitable. In addition, the respondents were asked to paraphrase each title in their own words to convey their interpretation and understanding of a particular title. The results and conclusions arrived at by means of the questionnaires are presented and compared to my prior expectations, stemming primarily from my teaching experience. The topic is also discussed in the light of what experts on essay writing say about essay titles.
Belletristic Translation into English: What Price the Same Order of Words?
Authors: Grošelj Nada
Published: June 2015

The order of clause constituents in Slovene is largely guided by functional sentence perspective, while its English counterpart is grammar-based and much less flexible. Therefore the English translation of a Slovene clause often displays a different order of constituents. In poetry, however, the position assigned to an entity, action, or concept within a line of verse contributes to the overall meaning, text pattern, and poetic effect. Accordingly, efforts are made to preserve the same order of participants in translation, which often results in the assignment of a new syntactic role to the participant and the restructuring of the entire clause. This paper discusses the most frequent types of restructuring employed in the English translations of select poems by the contemporary Slovene poet Dane Zajc.
An Examination of Lexical Choices in Slovene Translations of British and American Drama
Authors: Hribar Darja
Published: June 2015

The article examines lexical choices preferred by a noted Slovene translator of dramatic texts. It is based on the assumption that in spite of the fact that lexical choices offer much greater freedom in translation than, for instance, grammatical choices, they are subject to a number of intratextual and extratextual factors defining the genre, the kind of translation, and specific features of individual plays. Although examples are taken from only one set of translations of Tennessee Wiliams’s A Streetcar Named Desire, they also refer to other working and published versions of drama translations into Slovene, including Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Miller’s Death of a Salesman, Pinter’s plays, and Shaw’s Pygmalion. The shifts considered in the article relate to register, i.e. factors of language variation affecting lexical choices related to the field, mode, and tenor of discourse.
The Rack-Brain Pencil-Push of hurt-in-hiding: Translating the Poetry of Seamus Heaney into Slovene
Authors: Mozetič Uroš
Published: June 2015

The paper raises the issue of the Slovene possibilities of translating culture-, politics-, and language-specific poetic texts of the Irish author Seamus Heaney. The inquiry has been triggered by the unfavourable response to the poet’s work in Slovenia, which is all the more telling in light of other modern Irish writers, especially dramatists, who have lately gained firm ground and acquired sympathy from the Slovene public. Our comparison of Heaney’s poems with their Slovene translations is, therefore, aimed at elucidating the main reasons for such a tepid response, drawing mainly on a variety of the Slovene stylistic, linguistic, and pragmatic interpretations of his poetic output, which happen to be more often than not at variance with the author’s intrinsic poetic output and thus the chief culprit in the misapprehension of his poetic communique.
Particles and Prefixes in English and Serbian
Authors: Milivojević Nataša
Published: June 2015

The paper attempts to, by means of contrastive analysis, prove that particles belonging to phrasal verbs in English are in their linguistic essence equivalent to Serbian perfective verbal prefixes. This hypothesis has been backed up by a brief study based on 40 translation equivalents, which has shown that phrasal verb particles in English and perfective prefixes in Serbian are both markers of telic aktionsart on the lexical level of the verb. Also, the particles and the prefixes alike affect the ‘aspectual use’ of verbs in their respective languages: while the particles in English do not block their use with the progressive, the prefixes in Serbian block their use with imperfective aspect. Both semantically and grammatically, the appropriate solution for translating the English progressive of phrasal verbs into Serbian is modal aorist of Serbian perfective verbs. On the lexical and grammatical level alike, Serbian and English seem to have a convergent relationship, hence there exists a contrast between Serbian and English, the analyzed language elements are also similar with respect to distribution and equivalent with respect to meaning.
Some Observations on Poetic YOU
Authors: Maček Dora
Published: June 2015

One of the difficulties that may arise in translating poetry is the schematic character of personal pronouns. For this reason the identities of the speaker and addressee can be ambiguous, which is a problem in translating into languages that grammaticalize more semantic features than the source language. The article analyzes some ambiguous texts in some English and Danish poetry and suggests some translation strategies used.
Repetition and Translation Shifts
Authors: Zupan Simon
Published: June 2015

Repetition manifests itself in different ways and at different levels of the text. The first basic type of repetition involves complete recurrences; in which a particular textual feature repeats in its entirety. The second type involves partial recurrences; in which the second repetition of the same textual feature includes certain modifications to the first occurrence. In the article; repetitive patterns in Edgar Allan Poe’s short story “The Fall of the House of Usher” and its Slovene translation; “Konec Usherjeve hiše”; are compared. The author examines different kinds of repetitive patterns. Repetitions are compared at both the micro- and macrostructural levels. As detailed analyses have shown; considerable microstructural translation shifts occur in certain types of repetitive patterns. Since these are not only occasional; sporadic phenomena; but are of a relatively high frequency; they reduce the translated text’s potential for achieving some of the gothic effects. The macrostructural textual property particularly affected by these shifts is the narrator’s experience as described by the narrative; which suffers a reduction in intensity.
Listened To Any Good Books Lately? The Prosodic Analysis of Audio Book Narration
Authors: Komar Smiljana
Published: June 2015

The popularity of audio books is increasing. In the USA fewer people are reading books but many more are listening to them on tapes, CD’s and in MP3 format. The phenomenon is redefining the notion of reading. The purpose of the paper is to present some pros and cons of listening to books instead of reading them. The conclusions have been reached on the basis of a linguistic analysis of parts of two audio books belonging to two different literary genres: a crime novel (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) and a comic one (Helen Fielding, Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason).
Misconceptions about Article Use in English
Authors: Lipovšek Frančiška
Published: June 2015

The paper addresses some major misconceptions about article use in English, proceeding from purely syntactic issues to those relating directly to pragmatics. It is based on authentic, perfectly acceptable examples of article use that many Slovenian students of English would describe as ‘odd’ or ‘not in accordance with the rules’. The students’ explanations as to why the examples in question should be ruled out confirm the hypothesis that misconceptions about article use are largely ascribable to an insufficient understanding of grammatical rules. The rules governing article use are often misunderstood due to inaccurate interpretations of the terms defining/restrictive, definite, identifying, specifying, classifying, etc. The commonest mistake is equating defining with definite, and defining/restrictive with identifying, the consequence being the overuse of the definite article. Another important point made in the paper is that article use is a matter of pragmatics. The choice between the definite and indefinite articles reflects the speaker’s decision to present a piece of information as hearer-old or hearer-new respectively.
E. E. Cummings: From Parenthesis to Personality (Part II)
Authors: Mozetič Uroš
Published: June 2015

The paper presents the unique oeuvre of E.E. Cummings; who claims an outstanding position in the heritage of American poetry; as a case of Bildungsdichtung. This status is largely due to his highly innovative and iconoclastic approach to poetic composition; starting from his early rebellious endeavours drawing on an astounding variety of non-standard and downright shocking potentialities of the English language (including such peculiar linguistic and stylistic idiosyncracies as drastic changes of the syntactic English word order; shifts at the morphology and word-formation level; unorthodox use of punctuation; extravagant typography and spacing or arrangement of space between the lines; a diversity of meters and rhymes; as well as seemingly eccentric imagery); to his later and invariably maturer poetic diction – the diction of one who has apparently come to terms with the world and his fellow-beings; realising that genuine wisdom resides in the understanding and forgiveness of the inherently fallible human nature rather than in its continuous sardonic scrutiny.
Motivation and Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Buckledee Steve
Published: June 2015

A feature of Italian universities is the high student drop-out rate in nearly all degree courses. It is likely that among the causes of this phenomenon a significant factor is loss of motivation. This study represents the first stage of a longitudinal research project aimed at monitoring students’ motivation levels over a three-year period. At the beginning of the academic year 2008-2009 a questionnaire was administered to 150 newly enrolled students of English at the University of Cagliari in Italy. The closed-response items were designed to measure the respondents’ instrumental and intrinsic motivation. The responses were then considered in the light of the following variables: age, gender, level of competence in English and choice of degree course. The major finding was that a clear majority of respondents reported a considerably higher level of intrinsic than instrumental motivation, while the most significant variables were shown to be competence level and choice of degree.
Problems in Translating Musical Elements in African American Poetry after 1950
Authors: Kočan Kristina
Published: June 2015

In most cases, African American poetry eschews traditional literary norms. Contemporary African American poets tend to ignore grammatical rules, use unusual typography on many occasions, include much of their cultural heritage in their poetry, and interweave musical elements into literary genres. The influence of such musical genres as jazz, blues, soul, and gospel, together with the dilemmas that occur for the translator, will be shown to great extent, since music, like black speech, is a major part of African American culture and literature. The translator will have to maintain the specific African American rhythm, blues adaptations and the improvisational language under the jazz impact. The paper presents the problems in translating post-1950 African American poetry into Slovene, and asks to what extent can one successfully transfer the musical elements within this poetry for the target culture? Inevitably, it will identify a share of elements that are lost in translation.
Operational aspects of asynchronous filtering for flood forecasting
Authors: Rakovec O. , Weerts A. H. , Sumihar J. , Uijlenhoet R.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. This study investigates the suitability of the asynchronous ensemble Kalman filter (AEnKF) and a partitioned updating scheme for hydrological forecasting. The AEnKF requires forward integration of the model for the analysis and enables assimilation of current and past observations simultaneously at a single analysis step. The results of discharge assimilation into a grid-based hydrological model (using a soil moisture error model) for the Upper Ourthe catchment in the Belgian Ardennes show that including past predictions and observations in the data assimilation method improves the model forecasts. Additionally, we show that elimination of the strongly non-linear relation between the soil moisture storage and assimilated discharge observations from the model update becomes beneficial for improved operational forecasting, which is evaluated using several validation measures.
In-situ unsaturated zone stable water isotope (2H and 18O) measurements in semi-arid environments using tunable off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy
Authors: Gaj M. , Beyer M. , Koeniger P. , Wanke H. , Hamutoko J. , Himmelsbach T.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Stable isotopes (deuterium, 2H, and oxygen-18, 18O) of soil pore water were measured directly in the field using tunable off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) and commercially available soil gas probes in a semi-arid region of the Cuvelai-Etosha-Basin, Namibia. High spatial and temporal resolution was achieved in the study area with reasonable accuracy and measurements were in agreement with laboratory-based cryogenic vacuum extraction and subsequent cavity ring down laser spectroscopic isotope analysis (CRDS). After drift correction of the isotope data, mean precision for over 140 measurements of two consecutive field campaigns in June and November 2014 were 1.8 and 0.46 ‰ for δ2H and 18O, respectively. Mean Accuracy using quality check standards was 5 and 0.3 ‰ for δ2H and δ18O, respectively. Results support the applicability of an in-situ measurement system for the determination of stable isotopes in soil pore water. Spatio-temporal variability could be deduced with the observed data in an extremely dry evaporation dominated environment which was sporadically affected by intermittent rainfall.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RUBBER OIL AND ANTI-YELLOWING PERFORMANCE OF OIL-EXTENDED THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER STYRENE–BUTADIENE–STYRENE
Authors: Ma Bingshui , Yan Jincan , Liu Yan , Ren Tianhui
Published: June 2015

The relationship between structural composition of rubber oil and anti-yellowing performance of oil-extended polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene triblock copolymer (SBS) was studied in this work. The experimental results proved that anti-yellowing of oil-extended SBS was determined by the rubber oil and was irrelevant with SBS. The anti-yellowing performance of the SBS filled with paraffinic-based rubber oil was better than that of the SBS filled with naphthenic-based rubber oil. In addition to the partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons in rubber oil, heavy naphthenic hydrocarbons may be another factor that results in yellowing of rubber oil and oil-extended SBS.
Vraag en aanbod binnen het Arubaanse forensisch-psychiatrische
veld
Authors: Gaarthuis R.S.T. , Koenraadt F.
Published: June 2015

Vraag en aanbod binnen het Arubaanse forensisch-psychiatrische veld

In de loop van 2014 zal op Aruba een nieuw Wetboek van Strafrecht in werking treden. Dit wetboek voorziet onder andere in de introductie van een aantal nieuwe op therapeutische leest geschoeide beveiligingsmaatregelen, zoals tbs, SOV en de strafrechtelijke ondercuratelestelling. De auteurs inventariseren de beschikbaarheid van (bestaande en aanstaande) juridische titels binnen het Arubaanse recht ten behoeve van gedwongen opneming van psychisch gestoorde of verslaafde volwassenen die vanwege onaangepast, zelfdestructief en/of delinquent gedrag met politie of justitie in aanraking komen. Deze titels worden besproken en aan een kritische analyse onderworpen. Daarnaast wordt bezien in hoeverre het huidige aanbod van forensisch-psychiatrische voorzieningen op het eiland toereikend zal zijn in het licht van de behoefte die zal ontstaan zodra het nieuwe wetboek in volle omvang in werking treedt.
10 jaar nieuw erfrecht en de positie van de langstlevende echtgenoot
Authors: Luijten E.A.A. , Meijer W.R.
Published: June 2015

10 jaar nieuw erfrecht en de positie van de langstlevende echtgenoot

In deze bijdrage van het themanummer ’10 jaar nieuw erfrecht’ bespreken de auteurs de positie van de langstlevende echtgenoot. De wettelijke verdeling, andere wettelijke rechten en diverse uitspraken die betrekking hebben op de positie van de langstlevende echtgenoot komen aan bod.
10 jaar nieuw erfrecht en uitleg van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen
Authors: van der Geld L.A.G.M.
Published: June 2015

10 jaar erfrecht en uitleg van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen

De auteur behandelt een aantal thema’s uit ’10 jaar uitlegging van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen’. Vooral de na het testeren gewijzigde omstandigheden springen in de jurisprudentie en de literatuur in het oog; de auteur stelt de vraag of het instrument uitleg wel het juiste instrumentarium is om rechtsgevolgen te verbinden aan die gewijzigde omstandigheden. Het recentste arrest van de Hoge Raad over uitleg (11 oktober 2013) wordt ook kort besproken.
10 jaar nieuw erfrecht, maar niet voor informele samenlevingspartners
Authors: Schols F.W.J.M.
Published: June 2015

10 jaar nieuw erfrecht, maar niet voor informele samenlevingspartners.Een denkraam met voorstel

Het is een testamentair Walhalla voor samenlevend Nederland. Art. 4:82 BW biedt al 10 jaar ruime mogelijkheden. Maar voor informele samenlevingspartners ontbreken erfrechtelijke vangnetten. Freek Schols schetst een denkraam en vraagt zich af of de erfrechtelijke positie verbeterd moet worden. Vervolgens doet hij een voorstel.
Zastosowanie peptonu Peptobak-Bacutil tu hodowli merystematycznej tkanki Cymbidium Sw. [Application of the peptone Peptobak-Bacutil medium in the culture of meristem-tissue of Cymbidium Sw.]
Authors: Kukułczanka K. , Paluch B.
Published: June 2015

In was found that peptone of Peptobak-Bacutil brand (produced in Poland fulfills perfectly the requirements in cultures in vitro of the meristem tissues of Cymbidium in the modified Tsuchiya's medium in a concentration of 2 g per 1. A decrease in the concentration to 1 g per 1. affects the growth intensity of the tissue, but an increase of concentration up to 3 g per 1. retards the transformation of protocorms into the plant-stage. Growth of the meristem tissue of Cymbidium in the medium consolidated with agar is weaker and the number of protocorms produced 2,3 times lower than in liquid media.
O zdolnościach regeneracyjnych rącznika Ricinus communis L. [Regenerative properties of Ricinus communis L.]
Authors: Wojciechowska Barbara
Published: June 2015

A series of experiments have been carried out on grafting between Ricinus communis L. and Euphorbia sp. The histological and morphological reactions were examined. The experiments showed that the cells of parenchyma, collenchyma and cambium -are most active. Some leaves of Ricinus had a different colour and shape in the year in which the graft was made.
Studia nad kariologią i rozwojem pyłku kilku odmian Medicago saliva L. Cz. I [Studies on karyology and pollen development in several varieties of Medicago sativa L. Part I]
Authors: Bijok K. , Adamkiewicz E. , Grygorczyk L.
Published: June 2015

At the stage of diakinensis and metaphase of the first meiotic division, conjugating chromosomes in the form of bivalents were always observed. At the pre-meiotic stage some of .the mother pollen cells underwent degeneration (in 'Australian' var. 17% in 'Warminska' 20%, in 'Kleszczewska' 23%, in 'Grimma' 30% and in 'Miechowska' 40%). In the degenerating mother pollen cells no meiotic division were observed. In the surviving mother pollen cells, meiotic division were found to be normal. The mature pollen grains were trinucleate.
Porównanie wpływu opryskiwania roztmorem NAA i Ethrelu na wzrost i kwitnienie ogórka (Cucumis sativus L.) odm. 'Monastyrski' [Comparison of the influence of sprays with NAA and Enthrel solution on the growth and flowering of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Monastyrski variety]
Authors: Borkowski J.
Published: June 2015

The effects of NAA and Ethrel (2-chloroethanephosphonic acid) spray on the growth and flowering of cucumber plants were compared. The influence of NAA spray on the appearance of the pistillate flowers and on male sterility was considerably lower and less successful than that of Ethrel.
Badania nad uprawą Asparagus sprengeri [Research on cultivation of Asparagus sprengeri]
Authors: Gumińska Z. , Lisiak M. , Ludwikowski G. , Michalska I.
Published: June 2015

The best annual crop was obtained when the concentration of modified Hampe nutrient used to replenishing the hydroponic was 0,66% at annual dose 50 g of the salt per plant, or the concentration was 0,22%, but KNO3 was doublet (1,2 g per liter). When nutrient dose was too small or too high addition of humate to the nutrient was beneficial. Mixture of peat and coal slag provide the best substratum. Gibberelin sprays 100 ppm caused significant increase of percentage of stems longer than 40 cm.
The influence of gravity on bud development in apple trees and in poplars
Authors: Borkowska B. , Jankiewicz L. S.
Published: June 2015

The lower shoots in horizontally placed apple trees exhibited much weaker development as well in light as darkness. Removing a narrow strip of bark along both sides of a horizontally placed apple tree improved markedly the growth of the lower buds. In poplars the same effect was received by surrounding the lower buds with semicircular incisions. The inhibition of the lower buds was also released by removing the apical bud and the upper ones. The presented results and those published earlier show that the mechanism responsible for inhibition of the lower buds acts in two steps: 1) gravity influences directly the system composed of a bud and the adjacent tissue of the stem. 2) the lower buds partly inhibited in the step "1" are further inhibited by a correlative mechanism which supresses all weaker buds. The second "step" reaction takes place also after a tree have been reverted back to the normal vertical position.
Badanie wpływu naturalnych ekstraktów roślinnych na izolowane wierzchołki wzrostów pedów w hodowli in vitro [Investigation of the influence of natural plant extracts on isolated generative apices cultivated in vitro]
Authors: Kuta E. , Ryka C.
Published: June 2015

The aim of the present paper Was to test the value of various plant extracts (yeast barm, mature walnut embryos, coconut meal, young spinach leaves and tomato juice) used as the complementary elements of White's mineral nutrient for the culture in vitro of generative apices of winter wheat, rape and wetch. The results showed that the generative apices of investigated planits had various nutritive requirements which point to the necessity of a careful selection of a specific nutrient for particular plant material.
Action de I'AlA sur la teneur en azote total et protéinique des graines de céréales cultivées à different niveau de la capacité capillaire en eau
Authors: Nowakowski Wiesław
Published: June 2015

L'action de I'AIA sur la teneur en azote total et en azote protéinique des graines du Triticum vulgare, d'Hordeum vulgare et d'Avena sativa cultivés a 30%, 60% et 90% de la capacité capillaire en eau du sable a tété étudiée au cours de trois ans (1969, 1970, 1971). La teneur en g-protéines totales liée au rendement des graines de céréales examinees a été plus élevée dans les conditions de sécheresse (30% de la capacite capillaire en eau) à la suite d'un traitement auxinique. La teneur (%) en azote total et proteinique ne semble pas etre tellement modifiee dans les graines de cereales à la suite d'un traitement auxinique.
Wpływ światła na syntezę alkaloidów w łubinie wąskolistnym (Lupinus angustifolius). I. Akumulacja alkaloidów [Influence of light on the alkaloids synthesis in Lupinus angustifolius. I. Alkaloids accumulation]
Authors: Nowacki E. , Kazimierski T. , Golankiewicz K. , Dezor-Mazur M. , Boczoń W.
Published: June 2015

It was established that the time of irradiation as well as the intensity of light have a fundamental effect on the synthesis and accumulation of alkaloids in Lupinus angustifolius plants. The increase of time and intensity of irradiation caused the increase of the percentage of alkaloids in plants up to some maximum. A further increase of illumination caused the decrease of the percentage of alkaloids. This regularity also concerns the ester fraction of alkaloids in Lupinus angustifolius.
The influence of KJ, CuSO4, and Mg(ClO3)2 on defoliation and subsequent frost resistance and growth of apple trees in nurseries
Authors: Basak Alina , Czynczyk A. , Jankiewicz L. S.
Published: June 2015

In most cases 2-year-old trees of 3 cultivars responded better to defoliants than 1-year-old ones. Spraying with defoliants on September 25 - 28 was more effective than spraying 10 days earlier. There was also more bark injury in the autumn, and more frost injury on trees defoliated on the ealier date. Mg(ClO3)2 seemed to be the best defoliant but markedly decreased the frost resistance of McIntosh trees. Defoliants investigated may be applied to limited extent to 2-year-old trees but not to 1-year-old ones.
Changes of respiration intensity and chlo'rophyll content in needles of Normay spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) seedlings treated with 2,4,5-T and dalapon
Authors: Tonecki Jan
Published: June 2015

The results of investigations on the effect of 2,4,5-T (butyl ester of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid) and dalapon (sodium salt of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid) on chlorophyll content and rate of respiration in needles of spruce seedlings, treated with different concentrations of both herbicides before bud development and during bud formation' are presented. 2,4,5-T and dalapon decreased chlorophyll a and b content in the needles. The chlorophyll a : b ratio increased after treatment with these herbicides. The lower concentrations tested produced a higher value of this coefficient. Depending on concentration both herbicides caused disturbances in respiration of needles of seedlings treated during bud formation. Stimulation of respiration by both herbicides in the newly formed needles of seedlings treated before bud development was observed.
Wpływ detergentów, humianu i ściółek na plonowanie goździków w uprawie hydroponicznej [Influence of detergents humate and seedbed materials on yield of carnations in hydroponic culture]
Authors: Gumińska Z. , Nowak T.
Published: June 2015

Addition of the detergent (DBSS + ASS) either .single or every eight weeks to the nutrient solution stimulates carnation development. Detergent addition every fourth week caused decreasing of flower diameter. The addition of humates to the nutrient solution did not interact significantly with detergents. Among three material combinations used in the seedbed: peat with coke-slag, peat with brown coal and sponge with coke-slag – the first proved the best.
Rooting of Syringa vulgaris L. softwood cuttings using auxin, vitamins, phenolic substances, indole, SADH and abscisic acid
Authors: Bojarczuk Krystyna , Jankiewicz L. S.
Published: June 2015

The cuttings taken at flowering time or earlier rooted much better than those taken after flowering. The apical cuttings rooted more aboundantly than those taken from medium or basal part of the shoots. Different auxins: NAA, IAA IBA and 2,4-D in optimal concentrations differed very little in their stimulatory effect or rooting. Several substances: indole, tannin, pyrogallol, thiamine, ascorbic acid, pyridoxine, ryboflavine, niacine, retardant SADH, abscisic acid, and boric acid promoted rooting of cuttings when used separately. Their combined effect with auxin was in most cases additive but sometimes synergistic. Three phases of rooting process were discerned.
Influence of morphactin IT 3456 on the grourth and anatomic structure of Vicia faba L. (Faba vulgaris Mnch.), variety 'Hangdoum'
Authors: Smoliński Marian
Published: June 2015

Plants growing from seeds treated with morphactin were small and changed, they did not flower. The apical buds of some seedlings died back. Disturbances of geotropism were observed in the shoots and roots. Inhibition of elongation growth was durable, whereas in the roots it lasted 7-10 days and their radial growth was distinctly stimulated in this period. The leaves reduced in size and deformed contained more stomata. The epidermis and mesophyll cells were reduced in size. The cambium did not form a closed ring. Primary and secondary xylem contained more vascular bundles than control plants. The mitotic activity of the pericycle cells was higher in the roots than in the shoots.
Zawartość niektórych składników mineralnych w sianie lucerny (Medicago X varia Martyn) uprawianej na rędzinie warunkach deszczowania oraz zróżnicowanego nawożenia fosforowo-potasowego [The contents of some mineral elements in hay of lucerne (Medicago X varia Martyn) cultivated on rendzina soil in conditions of watering and differentiated phosphorus and potassium fertilizing]
Authors: Krupiński A. , Podstawka E. , Reszel R.
Published: June 2015

The influence of fertilizing and irrigation on the contents of Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn in hay of lucerne was examined. Changes in the contents of some mineral elements under influence of both factors were found, however, their level did not deviate from the norms considered as sufficient for the normal development and production of animals fed on the mentioned feeding stuff.
Wplyiu niektórych herbicydów na fotosyntezę Spirodela polyrrhiza (Lemnaceae) [Effect of some herbicides on photosynthesis of Spirodela polyrrhiza (Lemnaceae)]
Authors: Bielecki Krzysztof , Skrabka Henryk
Published: June 2015

The effect of herbicides Afalon (linuron), CIPC, Gramoxone (paraquat), Krezamon (DNOC), Pielik (2,4-D • Na), Simazin (simazine) on photosynthesis of Spirodela polyrrhiza (Lemnaceae) was investigated with infra-red gas analyzer Infralyt III. Herbicides: Afalon, Gramoxone, Simazine inhibited photosynthesis, proportionally to used herbicide concentration. Krezamon inhibited CO2 exchange directly after application, but later on photosynthesis increased. 2,4-D • Na and CIPC have no effect on photosynthesis even in higher concentrations.
The activity of ascorbic acid and catechol oxidase, the rate of photosynthesis and respiration as related to plant organs, stage of development and copper supply
Authors: Łyszcz St. , Ruszkowska M. , Wojcieska U. , Zinkiewicz E.
Published: June 2015

Some experiments were performed to investigate the physiological role of copper in oat and sunflower and to recognize some effects of copper deficiency. Oat and sunflower plants were grown in pots on a peat soil under copper deficiency conditions (–Cu) or with the optimal copper supply (+Cu). In plants the following measurements were carried out: 1) the activity of ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) and of catechol oxidase (PPO) in different plant organs and at different stages of plant development, 2) the activity and the rate of photosynthesis, 3) the activity of RuDP-carboxylase, 4) the intensity of plant respiration. The activity of AAO and of PPO, and also the rate and the activity of photosynthesis were significantly lower under conditions of copper deficiency. The activity of both discussed oxidases depended on: 1) the plant species, 2) plant organs, 3) stage of plant development. Copper deficiency caused decrease of the respiration intensity of sunflower leaves but it increased to some extent the respiration of oat tops. Obtained results are consistent with the earlier suggestion of the authors that the PPO activity in sunflower leaves could be a sensitive indicator of copper supply of the plants, farther experiments are in progress.
Magnesium nutrition of apple trees I. Preliminary studies
Authors: Sadowski A. , Pękacki J. , Szabłowski W. , Ścibiesz K.
Published: June 2015

Symptoms of Mg deficiency on apple trees in the Warsaw district, Central Poland are described and illustrated. Results of soil and leaf analyses of deficient and healthy trees and factors affecting Mg deficiency in apples are discussed. Mg deficiency was found mainly in young trees grown on light, sandy or sandy loamy grey-brown podsolic soils; an old trees it was very rare, because of deep root penetration and utilization of Mg from illuvial horizons rich in Mg. Severe Mg deficiency symptoms appeared on old trees, vigorously growing after topworking with Bancroft scions. Low soil and leaf of Mg content a high available potassium to magnesium ratio in the soil and high ratio in the leaves are suggested to be important factors promoting Mg deficiency symptoms. A three years' experiment run on old Bancroft apple trees showed that 400 kg of MgO applied in epsomite to the soil were as effective as 4 sprays of 2% epsomite. Soil or foliar Mg fertilization did not have any significant effect on tree growth, yields, fruit drop and fruit quality.
Effect of pretreatment with SADH on the results of chemical defoliation of nursery apple trees and on their frost resistance and growth
Authors: Basak A. , Jankiewicz L. S.
Published: June 2015

SADH (succLnic acid-2-2-dimethylhydrazide) in the preparation Alar 85 was applied 1-2 months before chemical defoliation of apple trees. SADH rarely promoted leaf drop caused by defoliants and did not improve frost resistance of the trees. These results doesn't show that it can be recomended in the nurseries of Central Poland.
Zróżnicowanie zbiorowisk segetalnych jako wyraz luarunków siedliskowych i poziomu kultury rolnej wsi Oleśnik (woj. Piotrków Tryb.) [Differentiation of vegetal communities as an expression of habitat conditions and agriculture standard of the village Oleśnik (Piotrków Tryb. District)]
Authors: Warcholińska Urszula A.
Published: June 2015

The paper is an analytical description of the differentiation of acidophilic segetal communities of the village Oleśnik (Piotrków Tryb. District) against the background of habitat conditions and standard of agriculture (Tables 3-13, Figs. 3-6). The present segetal vegetation reflects the natural conditions and the state of agricultural management of the agricultural acreage of the village (Figs. 1, 2). It is also an index of the productive passibilities of habitats with the poorest sandy soil. Therefore it may be useful for their evaluation (Table 16). The number, spread and distribution of the distinguished communities are evidence of the phytosociological-ecological nonhomogeneity and indicate the agricultural standard in the given area.
Zmiany w składzie chemicznym źdźbąa zbóz w fazie kłoszenia przy różnym poziomie nawożenia mineralnego [Changes in the chemical composition of corn culms and their ear-forming stage depending on mineral fertilization]
Authors: Przeszlakowska Maria , Wojtysiak Roman
Published: June 2015

A study was curried out on the influence of mineral fertilization on the chemical composition of the cell walls of culms of wheat, barley, rye, and oats at the ear-forming stage. The content of reducing sugars, protein, pectin substances, hemicellulose, lignin, ash, and α-cellulose has been determined as well as the distribution of some of the micro- and macroelements in the lower and the upper parts of culm.
The effect of temperature upon the pathogenicity and chemical control of Rhizoctonia solani K. on potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Błaszczak B. , Weber Z. , Mańka M.
Published: June 2015

In poe experiment, it was found that Rhizoctonia solani was most pathogenic to potato sprouts at 14.8 and 17.4°C. At a third temperature applied (9.9°C), the pathologenicity was much lower. The higher temperatures decreased the fungicidal activity of Ceresan Nassbeize and Rizokton. The addition to the soil of 1 and 3% of corn straw did not affect the pathogenicity of the fungus.
Zastosowanie metylotiofanatu w walce z parchem jabłoni – Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Aderh. [The use of tiophanate methyl in control of apple scab – Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Aderh.]
Authors: Borecki Z.
Published: June 2015

Very good results were obtained in control of apple scab with methylotiofanate. In order to prevent the quick development of resistance to benzimidazole fungicides by the Venturia inequalis fungus, a spraying program has been developed, based on captan, dodine, and tiophanate methyl. Tiophanate methyl should be applied against apple scab at the end of May and during the first half of June.
Septorioza pomidora. I. Rozwój choroby w warunkach szklarniowych i polowych [Septoria leaf spot of tomato. I. Development of septoria leaf spot on tomato plants under greenhouse and field conditions]
Authors: Marcinkowska J.
Published: June 2015

The number of Septoria lycopersici pycnospores necessary for inducing tomato infection was reported. In addition to this, the influence of inoculum concentration and site of tomato infection as well as the influence of air humidity and temperature on diseasee expression have been researched. Studies upon the character of S. lycopersici penetration and host-plant parasite interaction were made with the susceptible Bounty tomato under greenhouse conditions. The results of observations concerning the appearance and development of septoria leaf spot in the fields of central Poland were also described.
Septorioza pomidora. II. Morfologia i rozwój grzyba Septoria lycopersici Speg. [Septoria leaf spot of tomato. II. Morphology and development of Septoria lycopersici Speg.]
Authors: Marcinkowska J.
Published: June 2015

The hyphae, pycnospores and pycnidia of Septoria lycopersici in infected tissue and in fungal culture on different media were described. Fungus growth and development on 12 media were also studied. The development of the studied fungus on culture media, with different doses of dextrose, hydrogen-ion concentrations and temperature was worked out on the potato dextrose medium. Germination of the pycnospores from the infected plant and fungal culture in the hanging drops in different conditions was observed.
Przebieg mitozy w korzeniach siewek pszenicy pod wpływem rubidu [Course of mitosis in root seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. under the influence of rubidium]
Authors: Olech Kazimierz , Rutkowska Ewa
Published: June 2015

The depresion of mitosis as a result of rubidium action illustrated by the lower frequency of mitosis was found in an investigation made on roots of wheat seedlings grown on a nutrient medium which the total amount of potassium or a half of it was replaced by rubidium. The lower mitotic activity was caused by limited number of nuclei beginning prophase and by a prolonged duration of metaphase.
Badania możliwości stosowania norflurazonu do zwalczania Agropyron repens (L.) CZQSC II. Wrażliwość niektórych roślin uprawnych na norflurazon [Effect of Norflurazon in weed control. P. II. Sensitivity of several cultivated plant species to Norflurazon]
Authors: Karczmarczyk Stanisław , Zabieć Irena
Published: June 2015

The sensitivity of several cultivated plants to Norflurazon was tested. Lupine and field pea appeared to be most tolerant – sugar beet and small bean less tolerant. Spring wheat, winter rape, and potatoes were sensitive to this herbicide. The nontolerant plants have shown growth inhibition, sharp drop of pigment content and changes of chloroplast structure.
Wpływ niektórych herbicydów triazynowych i zróżnicowanego nawożenia mineralnego na zawartość cukrów redukujqcych w peluszce (Pisum arvense L.) [The influence of some triazine herbicides and different mineral fertilization on the content of reducing sugars in the field pea (Pisum arvense L,)]
Authors: Ciszewska R. , Szynal J.
Published: June 2015

The content of reducing sugars in field pea leaves and stems (Pisum arvense L.) during two phases of vegetation (budding and flowering) in field conditions was determined. In this experiment two levels of mineral fertilization and simazine (Gesatop-50) and prometryne (Gesagard-50) were used.
Zdolność odrastania traw kępowych po przykryciu ich ziemią [Regrowth ability of tufted grasses buried in the soil]
Authors: Olszewska Leontyna , Wielicka Maria
Published: June 2015

The regrowth of tufted grasses out of the returned sod after ploughing was. investigated. The morphology and anatomy of underground rooting stems of Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Festuca arundinacea, Phleum pretense, and Festuca pratensis were examined. It was found that regrowth of tufted grasses occurs by way of stems, morphologically and anatomically resembling rhizomes.