bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Panoramic View of the UK Relations with the EU and Turkey Post-Brexit
Authors: Atik Aslıhan Yördem
Published: September 2021

In the last century, the importance of foreign trade, particularly net exports of goods and services, in achieving balanced and high-quality economic growth has become increasingly apparent. This certainly applies to Turkey. For example, the Eleventh Development Plan prepared for the 2019-2023 period was determined within the framework of a stable, export-based growth model, in which the industrial sector played a dominant role, focusing on productivity. Recently, the new trade regime between Turkey and the United Kingdom after Brexit has been included among the subjects within the agenda of Turkish foreign trade. The present study aims to find the preliminary clues to understand the extent of the recent trade agreement between two countries, which share deep-rooted trade links, in light of the new UK-EU deal. While one of these countries does not want to lose its position as a candidate country, despite the obstacles and disagreements posed by the EU in the negotiation mechanism, the other has managed to leave the EU as a result of a very intense and complex process, that lasted approximately thirty-four months.
Is Turkey ready for the Post COVID-19 World Order?
Authors: Bayraktar Bora
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak has had a huge impact on the global economy and politics. Closures and lockdowns stopped international trade resulting in an economic slowdown. It has changed the daily lives of people and the way business takes place. Politics has also been affected by the pandemic. Discussions about the changing world order have gained a new dimension and momentum. In this article, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in international relations is analyzed. Has COVID-19 triggered a change in the world order? If it has, what are the nature, scope, and content of this change? As a rising regional power in the Eastern Mediterranean region, how has Turkey been affected by this, and how did it respond to the changing situation? Signs of deteriorating world order, declining U.S. leadership, escalating geopolitical competition amongst global powers were in the air before the pandemic. Turkey’s adaptation to this new world order pre-dates the pandemic, when it changed its political system, and invested in its security and cohesion.
Covid-19 Küresel Salgınının hisse senedi piyasası oynaklığı üzerindeki etkisi: BIST100 uygulaması
Authors: ATICI USTALAR Sinem , ŞANLISOY Selim
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 küresel salgını kısa sürede yalnızca bir sağlık krizini değil, aynı zamanda da ekonomik krizi beraberinde getirmiştir. Bir yandan salgın süreci diğer yandan ekonomik faaliyetlerdeki istikrarsızlık beraberinde ekonomik sürece ilişkin belirsizliği artırmıştır. Artan belirsizlik ve risk ekonomilerdeki hem kaynak dağılımını olumsuz etkilemiş hem de finansal piyasalar üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Yaşanan belirsizlik ortamı finansal yatırımcıların da getiri beklentilerini ve dolayısıyla da hisse senedi piyasalarının oynaklığını etkilemiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda küresel salgının Borsa İstanbul 100 endeksinin getiri oynaklığı üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Analizde günlük BIST100 endeksi günlük kapanış fiyatları ve COVID-19 günlük toplam vaka sayıları kullanılmıştır. Analizde Genelleştirilmiş Otoregresif Koşullu Değişen Varyans (GARCH) modelleri kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca Asimetrik şokların etkisini dikkate alarak Temel Asimetrik ARCH (SAGARCH) ve Üssel GARCH (EGARCH) modelleri de kullanılarak analiz genişletilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre simetrik ve asimetrik şokların etkisi kontrol edildiğinde günlük toplam vaka sayılarındaki artış BIST100 endeks getirisinin oynaklığını arttırmaktadır. COVID-19 salgını da hisse senedi piyasa oynaklığını arttıran temel belirleyenlerden biridir. Bu çerçevede pandeminin gerek reel sektör gerekse finansal sektör üzerindeki etkilerinin azaltılabilmesi pandemiye yönelik olarak alınacak sağlık tedbirlerinin yanı sıra ekonomik tedbirler ile risk ve belirsizliği azaltıcı yönde alınacak kararlarla mümkün olacaktır.
Dış ticaret ve büyüme ilişkisi: Gelişmiş ülkelerden bulgular
Authors: TURGUT Ecem , UÇAN Okyay
Published: September 2021

Liberalleşme ve sermaye hareketlerinin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte dünya ticaret dengeleri yeniden şekillenme sürecine girmiştir. Özellikle teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte ülkeler arasındaki rekabet daha da artış göstermiş ve dış ticaret kaçınılmaz bir hale gelmiştir. Sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilir bir büyüme oranlarının sağlanmasında dış ticaretin etkisi göz ardı edilemediğinden dolayı ülkeler dış ticaretin önemli bir parçası olan ihracat ve ithalatlarını geliştirmeye yönelik çalışmalar yapmışlardır. Bu konuda literatürde bazı çalışmalar ihracatın büyüme üzerinde daha büyük bir etkisi olduğunu varsayarken bazı çalışmalar ithalatın daha önemli olduğunu ileri sürmüştür. Bu amaçla çalışmada 19 gelişmiş ülkenin 1994-2019 yılları arasındaki ihracat, ithalat ve büyüme verilerinden yararlanılarak dış ticaret ve büyüme ilişkisi analiz edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada öncelikli olarak birim kök testi yapılmış ve akabinde değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkinin analiz edilebilmesi için Pedroni eşbütünleşme testi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu aşamadan sonra FMOLS testi yapılarak değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin boyutu ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar hem ihracatın hem de ithalatın büyümeyi artırdığı ancak büyüme üzerinde ihracatın, ithalattan daha fazla etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Son olarak ise Dumitrescu Hurlin panel nedensellik testi yapılmış ve büyüme ithalatın nedeni olarak bulunurken, ithalat büyümenin nedeni olarak bulunamamıştır. Buna karşın ihracat ve büyümenin karşılıklı olarak birbirlerini etkilediği de analiz sonucunda anlaşılmıştır.
Petrol fiyatları, parasal ve döviz kuru şoklarının hisse senedi fiyatlarına asimetrik etkisi: Türkiye için NARDL
Authors: ALTINTAŞ Halil , KASSOURI Yacouba
Published: September 2021

Türkiye’de petrol fiyatları, para arzı ve reel döviz kurunun hisse senedi fiyatları üzerindeki asimetrik etkisini inceleyen az sayıda çalışmanın olması şaşırtıcıdır. Çalışmada Türkiye’de 2002-20018 dönemi aylık verilerle petrol fiyatı arz şokları, para arzı ve reel döviz kurunun hisse senedi fiyatları üzerindeki asimetrik etkileri, Shin, Yu, vd. (2014) tarafından geliştirilen asimetrik ARDL (NARDL- Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag) yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmektedir. Ampirik analizlerde incelenen değişkenler arasında anlamlı kısa ve uzun dönemde asimetrik etkilerin var olduğu tespit edilmiştir. NARDL modelleri sonuçlarında, petrol fiyatı arz şoku ve reel döviz kurundaki artışların hisse senedi fiyatlarını azalttığı, bu değişkenlerdeki azalmanın ise hisse senetleri fiyatları üzerinde artıcı etkiye etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca para arzındaki pozitif artışların hisse senedi fiyatları üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahip olduğu, negatif azalmaların ise hisse senedi fiyatlarını etkilemediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Türkiye’de uluslararası petrol fiyatları, reel döviz kuru ve parasal şokların şokların hisse senedi fiyatlarını etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle politika yapıcılar ve sermaye piyasalarında yer alan tüm katılımcıların incelenen değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin doğrusal olmadığı ve asimetrik etkiye sahip olabileceğini dikkate almalıdır. Hisse senedi fiyatlarında etkileyen bu değişkenlerin oluşturabileceği risk ve dalgalanmalara karşı politika yapıcıları etkin politikalar geliştirmeli, yatırımcıların da etkin koruma stratejilere sahip olması gerekmektedir.
Theological and Philosophical Views of Muslim Theologians of the Volga Region to the Heterodox Environment in the 18th – Early 20th Centurу
Authors:   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Fatkhullin R. A. ,   Bolgar Islamic Academy
Published: September 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the study of the Russian model of interfaith relations, the evolution of which occurred as a result of the socio-cultural development of Russian society in the 18th – early 20th centuries. The article shows a range of theological and philosophical views of Muslim theologians to the heterodox environment, which is reflected not only in legal issues but also in the issues of confessional exclusivity. At the same time, the position of the majority of Muslim theologians should be primarily considered not as a manifestation of religious intolerance but as an attempt to consider these relations in a scientific focus.
Unknown Facts of the Imprisonment of Georgy Dashkov in the Prison of the Nerchinsky Monastery of the Holy Dormition
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Bushueva E. S.
Published: September 2021

The article continues the thematic cycle of author’s publications providing some information about a previously unknown direction of the activity of the Nerchinsk Monastery of Holy Dormition – a penitentiary one. This monastery, being a remote one in the Russian empire, was used as a place of exile and imprisonment for unwelcome clergy throughout the 18th century. The author carried out a comprehensive analysis of a small group of prisoners banished to Siberia, which included high-ranking hierarchs who previously belonged to the leadership of the supreme body of the church-state administration of the ROC.
The Russian Far East and Russian Projects, Their Integration with the Chinese “One Belt. One Road” Initiatives in the Context of Greater Eurasia Formation
Authors:   Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of Regional Problems FEB RAS, Gamerman E. V.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze the involvement and integration of the Russian Far East in the implementation of megaprojects within the framework of the integration of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Chinese initiatives "One Belt, One Road". The problem is considered within the framework of the modern theoretical concept of Greater Eurasia, which is being developed in academic circles in Russia. The article presents the overview of the current situation in the sphere of Russian-Chinese projects integration, the analysis of the the current state of the involvement and integration of the Russian Far East in these processes, the forecast for the future and gives recommendations how to adjust the actions of the authorities in the most remote Russian federal district. The author comes to the conclusion that the Russian-Chinese interaction needs to be adjusted. In particular, it is necessary to shift the focus towards the implementation of infrastructure projects, and towards the development of the Polar Silk Road, which meets the interests of both states, as well as the majority of the states of Greater Eurasia.
Neighborhood Effect in Greater Eurasia: Spatial Autocorrelation and Cluster Analysis
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Okunev I. Yu. , Shmatkova L. P. ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)
Published: September 2021

The article focuses on the methods of spatial and cluster analysis to study electoral behavior in the states bordering on the Russian Federation. This article aims to determine how electoral preferences of voters are affected by the spatial factor as well as how the proximity to Russia can strengthen the level of pro- or anti-Russia attitude of political forces in the border regions. The study uses Moran’s index to describe the neighborhood effect. Local clusters of spatial association were calculated by means of local Moran’s index, and four types of local clusters were determined. It was concluded that some regional clusters remain stable throughout several electoral cycles, some clusters, however, change. In some cases anomalies of electoral behavior were revealed. To conduct a comparative analysis of trends in electoral behavior in all regions bordering on Russia a two-dimensional matrix was created for comparing parties by ideological spectrum and loyalty to Russia. The spatial analysis revealed significant differentiation between electoral districts regarding anti- and pro-Russian parties’ popularity in 2007–2020.
Аcculturation of the Peoples of Eurasia: From Problem Formulation to Practical Implementation
Authors:   State Humanitarian and Technological University, Sokolskaya L. V.
Published: September 2021

Due to its unique geopolitical position Russia plays an important role on the Eurasian continent. This article reveals the importance of the Russian culture in the Eurasian integration processes. The aim of the study is to consider acculturation as a form of intercultural communication, in the result of which a common Eurasian socio-cultural space and a Eurasian cultural community has been formed, where cultural integrity is formed maintaining certain cultural characteristics of various societies. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and the application of problem-chronological, historical and prognostic methods of scientific knowledge, the author came to the conclusion that in response to globalization the acculturation of the peoples of Eurasia is developing fast enough and not as invasively as it happened during the period of the Russian Empire or the USSR. Today, on the territory of Eurasia, heteromorphic interstate associations are emerging, economic, political and cultural environments are being formed, which do not always coincide with geographical boundaries. As a historical phenomenon acculturation depends on specific cultural and historical realities that developed in a certain space and time continuum. Depending on the position of the society entering intercultural interaction, methods, means, and factors influencing the process of intercultural interaction, various types of acculturation are distinguished (ethnic, religious, political, legal, etc.). In conclusion, the author states that the issues concerning the features of the formation of a single Eurasian socio-cultural space and the prospects for its further development, the cultural community of the Eurasian peoples require further scientific and theoretical research.
2018 Presidential Election Campaign: Populism in Candidates`Political Discourses
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bogapova A. V.
Published: September 2021

During election campaigns populist slogans and promises are often used in the speeches of candidates. There are some differences although between the discourses of the progovernment and the opposition candidates. It is therefore important to study the political discourse of the 2018 presidential election campaign. Since the political struggle develops in real life and is broadcast in details in the media space, the publications of the candidates on the social network VKontakte have been chosen in order to analyze their discourses. Topic modeling of the text published overtly was used to create a thematic profile of each candidate. Comparing topic profiles the author was able, firstly, to identify and compare the topics of the prostate and opposition candidates’ populist discourses, and, secondly, to identify the most similar agendas of the candidates in the information environment using the vector space model. Thereby, the thematic profiles of the candidates identified corresponded to their ideological positioning. The opposition candidates including the systemic opposition appealed to the problems of negative mobilization in their speeches, which is based on populist slogans. The discourses of candidates who pursue a certain ideology and status have been found to be similar.
Erken evre COVİD-19 hastalarında biyokimyasal parametrelerin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BALCI Senay , POYRAZ Zeynep , GÜLÜM Cemil , ASLAN Gönül , TAMER Lülüfer , ÇİMEN Mehmet Burak
Published: September 2021

Amaç: COVİD- 19 ilk kez Wuhan’da bir hastada izole edilen ve tanımlanan Şiddetli Akut Solunum Sendromu Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virüs enfeksiyonun sonucudur. Viral patogenez henüz tam olarak bilinmiyor olmakla birlikte, viral enfeksiyonun hava yolu epitel hücrelerine ve alveoler hücrelere sitopatik olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca SARS-COV’a benzer şekilde immün aracılı hasar da COVİD- 19’un patogenezinde kritik rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Çoğu hastada hastalık hafif–orta düzeyde semptomlarla seyreder. En sık bulgular; ateş, kuru öksürük, kırgınlık, baş ağrısı, boğaz ağrısı ve miyaljiyi içeren üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu bulgularıdır. Hastaların %20’si ağır akciğer hasarı bulguları gösterir. COVİD- 19’da tanıda Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PCR), serolojik inceleme, görüntüleme metodları ve rutin laboratuvar tetkikleri kullanılır. COVİD-19 tanısına yönelik laboratuvar parametrelerinin belirlenmesinin şüpheli vakaların tanınması, erken izolasyonu ve erken tedavisine yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle, hasta ve sağlıklı kontrol gruplarında tam kan sayımı ve biyokimyasal parametreler değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya COVİD-19 polikliniğine erken evre şikayetlerle başvuran, PCR testi pozitif olan 50 hasta ve 50 sağlıklı birey dahil edildi. Biyokimyasal parametreler retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. İstatistik analiz; SPSS Statistics (IBM Corporation, Somers, NY) yazılımının 17. sürülümü ile yapıldı. Bulgular: Lenfosit sayısı, monosit sayısı ve CRP parametreleri açısından hasta ve kontrol grubu arasında anlamlı farklılık bulundu. Lenfosit sayısı hasta grubunda daha düşük seyrederken, monosit sayısı ve CRP düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: Elde ettiğimiz veriler doğrultusunda; hafif semptomlarla başvuran hastalarda özellikle lenfosit ve monosit sayısı, CRP değerlerinin tanı ve hastaların takibi açısından destek sağlayabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.
For a Tika Transition: strengthen rangatiratanga
Authors: Bargh Maria , Tapsell Ellen
Published: September 2021

There is growing respect for and recognition of te ao Mäori within Aotearoa’s environmental policy and management space. However, to ensure that Aotearoa can build a better future equitably a ‘tika transition’ must be realised, wherey iwi, hapü and Mäori (the rangatiratanga sphere) and the Crown (kawanatanga sphere) exist within distinct and equal political entities, with the rangatiratanga sphere leading and governing tikanga and mätauranga Mäori policy and legislation. We examine two prominent environmental issues – sea level rise and taonga species protection – facing iwi, hapü, Mäori and the Crown, exploring the barriers, solutions and positive steps towards a ‘tika transition’ in each area. We recommend that policy and legislation include stronger instruments for shared decision making and specific funding for iwi, hapü and mana whenua to strengthen the rangatiratanga sphere. It is acknowledged that the barriers and solutions are interconnected and will rely on good relationship building and trust, power sharing and knowledge sharing, and policy and legislation that allows for and supports the rangatiratanga sphere as its own distinct space for tikanga-based governance and jurisdiction.
Regenerative Agriculture: farmer motivation, environment and climate improvement
Authors: Burns Edgar A.
Published: September 2021

Regenerative agriculture has become a social movement in farming. It embraces the environmental basis of farming. Land, water and nutrients are viewed as an ecological whole. This includes bacteria and mycorrhiza as essential to soil health and plant diversity, and mob stocking and no-till farming above ground. Regen ag, as regenerative agriculture is often called, is a paradigm shift for farmers, who are often perceived as resistant. There is a mismatch between academic and policy interest focusing on the scientific need for and value of regenerative agriculture, and the social and human motivating benefits of regenerative agriculture. This crucial willingness, not simply the turn away from denialism, is the signal significance of this new form of farming. In New Zealand and globally, climate change and environmental degradation can be addressed much more quickly, more thoroughly and less contentiously if regenerative agriculture is supported and extended, even as science documentation is achieved over time.
The Night Sky: What have we lost?
Authors:   , Chrisp William
Published: September 2021

Over the last 70 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the population living in urban areas across the globe. As a result, the once natural ability to look up at the night sky and ponder our existence has been lost to bigger, brighter and ever-expanding urban development. In our outdoor public spaces, the design tends to focus only on how the space can be enjoyed during the day time, and lighting is placed as a means to allow people to continue this day time experience at night. Yet, often at night our public spaces are empty, as they don’t provide a special night time experience that is different to during the day. We focus on the action of looking forward and around us but never upwards toward the night sky.

This research addresses how landscape architecture can help facilitate a night time experience so that the naturally dark environment can be enjoyed. It analyzes how the relationship between lighting and the physical elements in an outdoor space can be improved to provide greater visibility of the stars. Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, will be used as a case study. The stars can be seen within the central urban perimeter, and the Milky-Way is visible only a 20 minute drive away. As this research is based in New Zealand, this thesis recognizes Māoritanga and acknowledges the importance of Tatai Arorangi within New Zealand’s history and culture and addresses this within the development of this night time experience.

Wellington was split into five different areas based on their differing intensity of lighting as well as typological characteristics. Within three of these areas, a variety of different outdoor public spaces were identified and analyzed using an experiential approach, with fieldwork as the primary method of analysis.

The analysis findings resulted in the generation of a design toolkit to test how specific physical features used in landscape design impacted the night time experience. This toolkit was then applied and tested into 3 different sites in Wellington. It was concluded that the design and implementation of lighting, vegetation and seating has not considered the night time experience. This research aims to contribute to this unaddressed area, by attempting to develop a connection to the night sky through looking at these features in a new perspective.
Psychometric properties of the shortened Farsi version of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait
Authors: Vaziri Alaleh , Selehi Mohammad , Hassani-Abharian Peyman , Shariatirad Schwan , Mahjoub Alireza , Dehjalali Rogheye , Besarandi Shadi , Danandeh Faraz Kasseb , Noroozi Alireza
Published: September 2021

Background: Food craving contributes to the incidence of weight and food-related disorders. Thus, an accurate measurement of food craving is important for clinical and research purposes. Aims: We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the shortened Farsi version of the Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T-r), an internationally validated tool. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data was collected from 153 students of the University of Tehran between February and March 2019 using the Farsi version of FCQ-T-r; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21); and the Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS AMOS (version 21) failed to support the one-factor structure of FCQ-T-r in Farsi, so we conducted an exploratory factor analysis to investigate the factor structure of the questionnaire. Results: Exploratory factor analysis reflected a 3-factor structure responsible 73.3% of the variance factor 1 “preoccupation with food”, factor 2 “lack of control over eating” and factor 3 “emotional eating” . Internal consistency of the FCQ-T-r was excellent (McDonald’s ω = 0.950). The FCQ-T-r scores were correlated with body mass index, DASS-21, and WHOQOL-BREF values, which supports concurrent validity of the tool. Conclusion: The Farsi version of FCQ-T-r is a reliable and valid self-administrated tool to measure food craving traits among Iranian university students. Given the unstable factor structure of the questionnaire in different studies, further research should be conducted explore the factor structure of the tool.
HOSPITALITY IN MUHAMMAD SODIQ KOSHG’ARIY’S “EASTERN DECENCIES CODE”
Authors:   International islamic academy of Uzbekistan, Abdullaeva Mohira
Published: September 2021

In this article, the author investigates the standards of decency in the hospitality of Central Asia, particularly, respecting for centuries by the Uzbek people. For this issue, it was paid special attention to the historical work of Muhammad Sadik Kashgari “Adab as-Salikhin”, as well as the justification of decency with sources. This approach serves as additional material in the learning process of the subject “Education”.Index Terms: Mukhammad Sadik Koshg’ariy, Adab as-Salikhin, hospitality, guest, Eastern decencies code
NUMBER OF FORCES AND MARTIAL ART SULTAN JALALIDDINA MANGUBERDI
Authors:   Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Akobirov Mirjalol H.
Published: September 2021

In this article, the author provides critical analytical information on the tactics of warfare, methods of warfare, the number of troops used by Sultan Jalaliddin Maguberdi throughout his military career. This aspect of the issue serves as additional material for works published on the international stage. Also, after gaining independence in the country, much attention is paid to the study of the history of our people on a new conceptual and methodological basis, and a lot of work has been done in this direction. President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, during several visits to the Khorezm region, emphasized the need for further in-depth study of the activities of Jaloliddin Manguberdi.Index Terms: Jaloliddin Manguberdi, mukaddam, maimana, maisara, kalb, hafiya, muahhara, tolgama
ELIMINATION OF FEMALE ILLITERACY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NAMANGAN REGION
Authors:   Andijan state university of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ergasheva Mukhayyo G.
Published: September 2021

The result of the radical reforms carried out in the educational sphere of the USSR on the territory of our country served as an important factor for the history and future of our country. After all, the process of eliminating women’s illiteracy on the example of the only Namangan region is also characterized by important aspects. Adequate attention is paid to the issue of a separate study of the issue of women in education. The elimination of illiteracy can be studied as an important issue, since it is one of the important issues related to public policy at the time.Index Terms: personnel issue, personnel training system, public education, Russian-native schools, courses, clubs, women’s illiteracy.
THE TOLEDO SCHOOL –MYTH OR REALITY:A REFUTATIONSTO J.S.SANTOYO AND A.KALASHNIKOV
Authors:   Fergana State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Makhmudov Otabek
Published: September 2021

In the article, based on the results of a study conducted on the topic of studying the scientific heritage of Eastern scholars in medieval European translation centers, attempts to clarify the various views on the formation and stages of the Toledo School, as well as on the naming of this center, existing in science.It is well known that the centuries of the existence of the Toledo school were the beginning of a process of great cultural upheavals in Europe, therefore it has always attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, European experts have carried out a number of studies to study issues related to the scientific center, and the article provides scientific conclusions
STUDY OF THE LATEST HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN IN TURKEY
Authors:   Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute of Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Toshev Solejon
Published: September 2021

During the years of independence, the interest in foreign historiography has sharply increased in the context of a global approach to history, the possibility of diversity of opinion, the observance of objectivity.The study of the recent history of Uzbekistan on the basis of foreign historiography allows an objective assessment of historical processes. This article provides a comparative analysisof the socio-political processes of Uzbekistan in the years of independence, achievements in the field of culture and enlightenment, domestic and foreign policy processes in Turkey, research centers, periodicals and provides the necessary scientific conclusions
MONUMENTAL PAINTING DURING THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE
Authors:   National Institute arts and design named after Kamoliddin Behzad of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Salikhov Omonulla
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the features of the formation of the school of painting in Uzbekistan in the twentieth century, the harmony of painting with modern urban planning, analysis of the work of greatpainters. In particular, in the works of B. Jalolov, one of the most prominent artists in the field of monumental painting, we see that he skillfully combined the strong traditions of the academic school, the aesthetics of Western and Eastern art. His work can be seen in a series of frescoes. The interior of theTurkiston concert palace in Tashkent contains analytical information about the work of Umar Khayyam on oriental lyrics, “Nobody said why I was born” at the National Bank of Uzbekistan, as well as about his monumental works in many other regions. On the example of Samarkand, A. Isaev was one of the most versatile artists in the field of monumental painting, he also wrote “The Great Silk Road” on the walls of the foyer of the Institute of Foreign Languages and “Friendship of Peoples” for the foyer of the academic lyceum of the Institute, Examples “History of Samarkand” for the hotel “ Afrosiyab ", at the Samarkand Agricultural Institute, such as" The Generosity of Mother Earth ", 41 ceramic panels on Tashkent Street and many other monumental paintings. By the colors in the artist's works, one can imagine that the artist played the melody in a lyrical tone. The article notes that almost all compositions are characterized by a description of the artist's work, such as the observation ofwarmth, a set of warm colors, oriental colors, a patriotic mood, which is typical for all artists
THE EMERGENCE OF CONDITIONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   State Museum of the History of Uzbekistan, Ismailov Alisher
Published: September 2021

In this article, the author highlights the issues of the organization and activities of scientific research institutions in Uzbekistan in the period from the end of the 19th century to the establishment of the Academy of Sciences. It showed that research institutions can play a worthy role in solving problems of this period, ways to conduct research, changing attitudes to science, the development of local staff and science. Consideration of this problem serves as the main material for studying the foundations of the organization of the Academy of Sciences
FROM THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES AROUND THE ZARAVSHAN
Authors:   Navoi State Pedagogical Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Aminova Aziza M.
Published: September 2021

One of the fundamental problems of modern history is the study of the history of cities that appeared at a certain stage in the natural-historical process, and the existing ones of great strategic importance in the context of the country's economic development. The article analyzes the history ofthe formation of industrial cities of Zaravshanye, historically formed on the basis of the extraction of natural resources and retaining their productionspecialization, specific social life for many decades, and also highlights the restructuring and reconstruction of these cities in the years of independence under the influence of scientific and technological progress
FROM THE HISTORY OF RELATIONS IN BUKHARA AND AFGHANISTAN IN THE XIX-XX CENTURIES
Authors:   the 63rd schoolSamarkand city of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mardieva Yulduz U.
Published: September 2021

This study analyzes the political, socio-economic relations between Bukhara and Afghanistan in the 19th -20th centuries. studied as a historical object. The article argues that the centuries-old ties between Bukhara and Afghanistan were controlled by the imperial authorities as a result of the establishment of Russian rule, but nevertheless continued to a limited extent, as well as the divisions of Afghanistan
Pensamiento, resolución de problemas y análisis verbal pragmático
Authors:   University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States, Hayes Steven C. , Gifford Elizabeth V. ,   University of Nevada, Nevada, NV, United States, Townsend Robert C. ,   University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States, Barnes-Holmes Dermot ,   Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Virues-Ortega Javier ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Pérez-Bustamante Pereira Agustín , Virues-Ortega Javier ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Pérez-Bustamante Pereira Agustín
Published: September 2021

Las capacidades relacionales humanas son sumamente prácticas. Se forman a partir de la conducta social convencional según esta ha sido establecida por una comunidad verbal, pero van evolucionando en función de los acontecimientos vitales de cada persona que suceden en un mundo no arbitrario. En el capítulo anterior empezamos a considerar cómo las conductas relacionales se aplican a ese mundo, sin embargo, en este capítulo, examinaremos las muchas otras formas en que se utiliza la conducta verbal para interactuar de forma más eficaz con el ambiente. Un análisis verbal como éste engloba una gran variedad de términos de uso habitual en el lenguaje, como, por ejemplo, pensar, razonar, planificar, juzgar, decidir, resolver problemas. Tal y como argumentaremos, las características centrales técnicas de cada uno de estos términos específicos, puede abordarse mediante una aplicación directa de la TMR...
Teoría del marco relacional: Un resumen
Authors:   University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States, Hayes Steven C. , Barnes-Holmes Dermot ,   Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Roche Bryan ,   National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
Published: September 2021

La intención de este capítulo es resumir algunas de las características clave de la TMR y abordar algunas de las críticas más comunes que se han realizado desde los planteamientos conductuales. Hemos aprendido a partir de la experiencia que incluso los lectores más sofisticados malinterpretan fácilmente muchos de los conceptos básicos de la TMR. Para evitar esto en la medida de lo posible, en este capítulo expondremos nuestra visión de manera sucinta, y después abordaremos cada una de sus características principales en el mismo orden en el que aparecen en negrita en el siguiente enunciado...
Procesos sociales
Authors:   National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland, Roche Bryan , Barnes-Holmes Dermot ,   Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Barnes-Holmes Yvonne ,   National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland, Hayes Steven C. ,   University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
Published: September 2021

Los psicólogos conductuales han abordado previamente el campo de la psicología social utilizando conceptos conductuales tradicionales y, en aquellos casos en los que se necesitaba recurrir a procesos verbales, se extraían conceptos de Conducta verbal de Skinner (p.ej., Guerin, 1992). La TMR está empezando a utilizarse en algunos estudios conductuales sobre procesos psicológicos sociales (p.ej., Barnes, Lalor, Smeets y Roche, 1996; Kohlenberg, Hayes y Hayes, 1991; Roche y Barnes, 1996, 1997; Watt, Keenan, Barnes y Cairns, 1991). En el este capítulo utilizaremos la TMR para interpretar algunos de los fenómenos clave que han sido destacados en la literatura sobre la psicología social. Nuestro propósito es, simplemente, ilustrar cómo la TMR podría utilizarse para desarrollar un enfoque conductual moderno sobre la conducta social humana. Por tanto, este capítulo es una orientación para guiar las acciones futuras, más que una exposición definitiva de la psicología social desde la TMR...
Hidrogeomorfologia em confluência fluvial obtusa, Guarapuava, Paraná
Authors: Vestena Leandro Redin , Kominecki Alessandro
Published: September 2021

As misturas sólidas e líquidas no curso fluvial são intensificadas em áreas de confluência de rios condicionadas principalmente pela abertura angular da junção. O conhecimento da dinâmica hidrossedimentológica em junções de leito rochoso com diferentes aberturas angulares é fundamental para entendimento do ajustamento morfológico nas confluências e subsidiar ações de preservação e conservação dos ecossistemas fluviais. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo hidrogeomorfológico sobre confluência fluvial com ângulo de junção obtuso (>100º), em rio de planalto com leito rochoso, na Formação Serra Geral. A pesquisa avaliou segmento fluvial a montante e jusante do rio das Pedras e no tributário rio das Pombas, em Guarapuava, Paraná, por meio de observações e mensurações das características morfológicas e hidráulicas largura, profundidade do talvegue, declividade do leito e vazão em margens plenas. O ajustamento morfológico em confluências obtusas é peculiar, uma vez que o ângulo de junção fluvial condiciona uma dinâmica específica de fluxo, erosão, transporte e deposição de sedimentos, resultado principalmente de sua associação com a natureza geológica do leito fluvial e os tipos de uso e manejo da terra a montante da confluência. Hydrogeomorphology of an obtuse fluvial confluence, Guarapuava, Paraná A B S T R A C TSolid and liquid mixtures in river courses intensify in areas of river confluence, conditioned mainly by the angular opening of the junction. Knowledge of hydrosedimentological dynamics in bedrock junctions with different angular openings is essential for understanding morphological adjustment at confluences and for supporting actions for the preservation and conservation of river ecosystems. For this reason, this article presents the results of a hydrogeomorphologic study on a river confluence with an obtuse junction angle (>100º), in a plateau bedrock river, in the Serra Geral Formation. The research evaluated a fluvial segment upstream and downstream of the Pedras River and in the Pombas River tributary, in Guarapuava, Paraná, through observations and measurements of morphological and hydraulic characteristics, width, talweg depth, bed declivity and bankfull flow. Morphological adjustment in obtuse confluences is peculiar in that the fluvial junction angle conditions specific flow, erosion, sediment transport and deposition dynamics, mainly resulting from its association with the geological nature of the river bed and types of land use and management upstream of the confluence.   Keywords: Fluvial channel stability, bedrock, fluvial morphology.
Haemoptysis in breath-hold divers; where does it come from?
Authors:   Center for Research and Education in Underwater, Hyperbaric and Maritime Medicine, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia, Barković Igor ,   Department of Pulmonology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia,   Department for Underwater and Hyperbaric medicine, Clinical Medical Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia, Maričić Vitomir ,   AIDA - International Association for the Development of Apnea, Croatia, Reinić Boris ,   Department for Underwater and Hyperbaric medicine, Clinical Medical Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia, Marinelli Frano ,   Center for Research and Education in Underwater, Hyperbaric and Maritime Medicine, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia,   Department of Pulmonology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia,   Department for Underwater and Hyperbaric medicine, Clinical Medical Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia, Wensveen Tamara Turk ,   Specialized Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Cardiac, Pulmonary and Rheumatic Diseases, Thalassotherapia Opatija, Opatija, Croatia
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The aim of reporting these two cases is to present visual evidence by bronchoscopy of the origin of haemoptysis in two elite breath-hold divers. Case reports: Two male elite breath-hold divers of similar physical characteristics presented to our clinic after performing dives of up to 75 and 59 meters of seawater depth for 2:30 and 2:35 (minutes:seconds) respectively. Both patients presented with haemoptysis. Lung ultrasound was performed. The first patient had crackles on chest auscultation, overt pulmonary oedema clinically and 90 ultrasound lung comets. The second patient had no oedema or crackles, but presented with 20 ultrasound lung comets. Video bronchoscopy was performed which showed traces of blood coming from all three segments of the right upper lobe in both patients. The rest of the airways and lungs were intact. Conclusions: These finding suggest that the apical parts of the lungs are the most prone to deep-dive induced damage. The precise mechanism of lung barotrauma and haemoptysis in breath-hold divers remains to be elucidated. These findings may be of importance for a better understanding of the underlying pathology of haemoptysis.
Air embolism during lumbar surgery in the prone position
Authors:   Anesthésie Réanimation Hospices Civils de Lyon, France, Bapteste Lionel , Kamar Zeinab ,   Anesthésie Réanimation Hospices Civils de Lyon, France, Mazaud Anthony ,   Centre de médecine hyperbare Hospices Civils de Lyon, France, Balança Baptiste ,   Anesthésie Réanimation Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
Published: September 2021

Only a few clinical cases of cerebral arterial gas embolism during spinal surgery are published. It seems important not to overlook this diagnosis in order to initiate rapid appropriate treatment. This was a suspected case of paradoxical gas embolism revealed postoperatively by neurological deficits and whose recovery was noted during hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Unfortunately, no complementary examination showed gas embolism and only the context, the clinical picture and the case evolution evoke this diagnosis. The diagnostic difficulty in the immediate postoperative period is highlighted.
Unsaturated soils in the context of tropical soils
Authors: Camapum de Carvalho José , Gitirana Gilson
Published: September 2021

The practice of geotechnical engineering in tropical climate regions must consider the use of unsaturated soil concepts. However, these concepts must also take into account the specific behavior traits of tropical soils, particularly those related to soil aggregation, pore structure, and mineralogy. This paper will initially present considerations on the typical properties of unsaturated tropical soils as well as fundamental concepts. Throughout the article, several engineering problems will be presented alongside reflections on the complex interaction between the numerous variables involved in the modeling and engineering practice of tropical unsaturated soil behavior. The paper addresses issues related to soil formation, chemical and mineral composition, physical properties, tropical soil classification, and structural characteristics of soils. Issues related to compaction and the influence of weathering, geomorphology and bioengineering are also addressed.
The Legal Conundrum in the Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Nigeria
Authors: Danjuma Ibrahim , Joel Karatu Afabwaje
Published: September 2021

International law or treaty binds a state where such state signed, ratified acceded or domesticated same. In a monist State, ratification alone suffices for the international law or treaty to become binding whereas, in a dualist State, domestication as a condition must have complied. It is because of the peculiarities within various nations' legal systems (Monist or Dualist system). In 1989, The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), an international human rights instrument came into force. Since its domestication as the Child Rights Act (CRA 2003) in Nigeria by the National Assembly, only about 24 States have enacted the law for onward enforcement. Nigeria is a nation which became independent in the year 1960 comprising now of 36 states and Abuja as its Federal Capital Territory all under the Federal Government. Since its domestication as the Child Rights Act (CRA 2003) in Nigeria by the National Assembly, many States have enacted the law for onward enforcement. However, few states are yet to comply and raise a question as to whether the said CRC has a binding force in all the States of the Federation. This study aims to examine the extent of how the UNCRC and CRA are being enforced in Nigeria. This study's research methodology is purely doctrinal, where library materials such as books, articles from journals, and online articles have been carefully selected and analyzed for this research. This paper recommends establishing a global agency or organ that should be saddled with the responsibility of ensuring full compliance and enforcement of international laws or treaties.
Sharia Principles in the Financial Services Authority Regulation on Dispute Settlement Alternatives
Authors: Setyowati Ro'fah , Agung Prabowo Bagya
Published: September 2021

There is a legal disharmony with the Sharia Banking Law in the regulation on alternative dispute resolution institutions. This problem arises because the regulation does not pay attention to sharia principles, as mandated by Article 55, Paragraph 3 of the Sharia Banking Law. Meanwhile, the application of sharia principles is a spiritual right of consumers which also requires legal protection. This research is intended to assess alternative dispute resolution institutions' regulations, particularly Financial Services Authority Regulation from a consumer protection perspective, particularly spiritual rights. This research is categorized as an empirical normative study, using a philosophical, historical approach and a content analysis of the Financial Services Authority Regulation. The results of this study indicate that the Financial Services Authority Regulation on Alternative Dispute Resolution Institutions has not accommodated spiritual rights in dispute resolution for the Islamic banking industry. A weak understanding of spiritual rights causes it in the context of dispute resolution. It also creates another problem in the form of a lack of attention and policies that support the protection of spiritual rights, both in regulatory and banking institutions. In the context of dispute resolution, there are general consumer rights, such as the right to get advocacy, while the application of sharia principles is a special right. Based on these findings, it is recommended that regulatory institutions, particularly the Financial Services Authority, pay adequate attention to the entire financial service industry under their respective characteristics. It is an important matter because the protection of spiritual rights supports the development of the Islamic finance industry both in Indonesia and globally.