bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Friedel-Crafts Benzylations Mediated by FeCl3-based Deep Eutectic Solvents. Access to Substituted 1,1-diarylalkanes using Activated and Deactivated Electrophiles
Authors: Presa Soto Alejandro , Ramos-Martín Marina , García-Álvarez Joaquín
Published: February 2024

The development of new, more efficient Friedel-Crafts arylation methodologies that provide access to 1,1- diarylalkanes is an important objective of interest for the production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemical products. In this regard, this study introduces a novel synthetic route to 1,1-diarylalkanes conducted in the Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) 3FeCl3 · 6H2O/Gly, which serves as both a reaction medium and promoter. Under these conditions, Friedel-Crafts benzylations of various arenes bearing activating and deactivating ortho-/para-directing groups, can be performed using diverse benzylating reagents such as styrenes, alcohols, acetates, ethers, and chlorides. Importantly, highly electronically deactivated electrophiles, including those with CF3 and NO2 groups, are suitable substrates. This methodology provides a wide range of asymmetric 1,1-diarylalkanes (up to 124 examples) with generally good yields and high regioselectivities. The efficacy of this approach was demonstrated with the multigram-scale synthesis (10 mmol) of 1-phenyl-1-xylyl ethane (PXE), a liquid with great industrial applicability. Moreover, the Fe(III)-based DES could be reused for a minimum of 20 consecutive cycles with no appreciable erosion of the yields.
Study on the Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of a D-π-A Structure Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen and Its Photodynamic Therapy Application
Authors: Zhang Siwei , Wang junqiao , Wang Zaiyu , Shao Ming , Zhang Chen , Sun Jianwei , Lam Jacky , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: February 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an emerging and noninvasive modality that has gained clinical approval for the treatment of cancers, leveraging photosensitizers for optimal therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we synthesized a photosensitizer (denoted as DTCSPP) exhibiting a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structural motif. The DTCSPP manifests aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, along with good biocompatibility and mitochondrial targeting capabilities attributed to its intrinsic charge and D-π-A architecture. The excited-state intramolecular charge transfer of DTCSPP was systematically investigated in both solution and aggregate states using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TA). The fs-TA results revealed that DTCSPP exhibited a more rapid and facile excited-state molecular motion in the solution state compared to the aggregate state, implying the predominance of nonradiative decay in its photophysical processes within the solution. Given its ability to simultaneously generate type I and type II reactive oxygen species and induce ferroptosis and autophagy in cancer cells, DTCSPP demonstrates effectiveness in PDT at both cellular and in vivo levels. This study contributes a comprehensive understanding of the excited-state intramolecular charge transfer dynamics of charged D-π-A type AIE photosensitizers, shedding light on their potential application in PDT. The multifaceted capabilities of DTCSPP underscore its promise in advancing the field of anticancer therapeutics, providing valuable insights for the identification of anticancer targets and the development of novel drugs.
Ultrafast Formation of Charge Transfer Trions at Molecular-Doped 2D MoS2 Interfaces
Authors: Jing Yuancheng , Liang Kangkai , Muir Nicole , Zhou Hao , Li Zhehao , Palasz Joseph , Sorbie Jonathan , Wang Chenglai , Cushing Scott , Kubiak Clifford , Sofer Zdeněk , Li Shaowei , Xiong Wei
Published: February 2024

In this work, we examined trion dynamics at an organometallic molecule/monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) heterojunction, using transient electronic sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Theoretical analysis showed that the ground state bleach and stimulated emission signal from transient electronic sum frequency generation cancel each other due to the opposite sign – different from that of transient absorption – which makes this technique specifically sensitive to trion formation dynamics. Upon pumping at 2.4eV, we observed an ultrafast hole transfer, followed by the formation of charge-transfer trions. The existence of charge-transfer trion exists at molecular functionalized TMDs heterojunction monolayer opens the possibility of engineering the local electronic structures and dynamics of specific locations on TMDs and offers the potential for transferring unique electronic attributes of TMD to the molecular layers for molecular-based spintronics.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Different Mouthwashes in Gingivitis Patients: A Clinical Study
Authors: Jerry Stephens  , Mary Peters  , Sonam Kapoor  , Ramit Srivastava
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: Adequate plaque control becomes essential for reducing the progression of periodontal disease. Plaque management consists several mechanical procedures and chemical agents that retard the formation of plaque. AIM: To compare clinical outcomes of chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash and Hiora herbal mouthwash in gingivitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study was conducted among 30 patients. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, Group I used Chlorhexidine mouthwash and Group II received Hiora mouthwash. Clinical parameters such as Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Loss (LA) were recorded just before initiation of oral prophylaxis. After completion of oral prophylaxis, patients were advised to use mouthwash and were recalled after two weeks for further recording of clinical parameters. The collected data was thus statistically analysed to arrive at the results using SPSS version 24.0 and applying the student's t-test.  RESULTS: Both the groups reported significant improvement in clinical parameters. When two mouthwashes were compared, a statistically significant difference in the mean value of PI (0.02) and  GI (0.01), CAL and PD between the two experimental groups whereas no significant differences were observed before and after therapeutic interventions. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that herbal mouthwash are comparably effective in comparison to other conventional mouthwash in controlling dental biofilm
Social Anxiety Disorder: A Short Commentary
Authors: Anavi Sharma  , Shivangi Sen
Published: February 2024

Social Anxiety Disorder: A Short Commentary
Cloning an RBD-T4-LINKER-C5a sequence encoding the SARS-CoV-2 antigen into a plant expression vector
Authors: Tue Nguyen Hoang , Luong Nguyen Ngoc , Tien Nguyen Quang Duc
Published: February 2024

This study aims to make a plant expression vector with an RBD-T4-Linker-C5a sequence that codes for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen and an A3Dsp signal peptide from the rice 3D amylase gene located before the RBD. Methods of molecular cloning were applied in this study. The plant expression vector pNHL22 harboring the RBD-T4-Linker-C5a sequence was successfully established and conjugated into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 by triparental mating. Bacteria A. tumefaciens containing the RBD-T4-Linker-C5a sequence are now ready for genetic transformation into the Nicotiana benthamiana plant for future applications.
Jost function formalism with complex potential
Authors: Mizuyama Kazuhito , Tran Dieu Thuy , Do Quang Tam
Published: February 2024

The Jost function formalism is extended with use of the complex potential in this paper. We derive the Jost function by taking into account the dual state which is defined by the complex conjugate the complex Hamiltonian. By using the unitarity of the S-matrix which is defined by the Jost function, the optical theorem with the complex potential is also derived. The role of the imaginary part of the complex potential for both the bound states and the scattering states is figured out. The numerical calculation is performed by using the complex Woods-Saxon potential, and some numerical results are demonstrated to confirmed the properties of extended Jost function formalism.
Humour and the Appearance of Authenticity in Live Comedy
Authors:   , Sparrow Alexander
Published: February 2024

Comedians often ironically present morally bad ideas solely for comedic effect – views they do not genuinely hold. They also lean into providing a sense of authenticity in their work; essentially an appearance of being themselves onstage. While many people know that comedians are performing an exaggerated, or even fictional, version of themselves, many people remain unaware of this. It is possible, then, for an audience member with genuinely held morally bad beliefs to misinterpret those jokes as an assertion of the comedian’s authentic beliefs. This unfortunate state of affairs is worsened if the audience member further misinterpreted the jokes as an endorsement of their own morally bad behaviour. This thesis provides a framework for avoiding audience misinterpretation of jokes as authentically held beliefs of the comedian in stand-up comedy.

To provide a solution to this problem, I answer two questions: i) what is comedy? and ii) what does authenticity mean for comedians? Answering these questions takes into account both that aesthetic rules of humour must be observed, and that philosophical notions of authenticity need to be navigated. To focus only on the humour risks misinterpretation; to focus only on authenticity risks losing the funny. In the first chapter I critically assess the three primary philosophical theories of humour (relief, incongruity, and superiority). I then argue that the benign violation theory – a more detailed version of incongruity theory – provides comedians with the parameters they need to write and perform successful, i.e. funny, jokes. In the second chapter, I draw on the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche, Albert Camus, and Martin Buber, and their different versions of authenticity (based around the individual, the group, and one-on-one relationships, respectively). I argue that these notions can inform different stages of joke creation, shedding light on how to ethically navigate the appearance of authenticity in stand-up comedy during the joke drafting, editing, and finalisation process. Together, these chapters form a framework for navigating the appearance of authenticity in live comedy by avoiding misinterpretation, without reducing joke funniness or the range of joke topics.
A paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Greycliffs Formation, Southern Wairarapa
Authors:   , Casidy Jasmine
Published: February 2024

Plio-Pleistocene marine sedimentary rocks in the Southern Wairarapa record water depth changes related to the complex interplay between tectonics and glacioeustatic sea level cycles (Hobbs, 2020; Nowland, 2011; Vella & Briggs, 1971). We focus on a 120m thick sequence of coarsening upwards siltstone and limestone near Martinborough. This sequence was deposited within a seaway (Ruataniwha Strait) that existed in the Hikurangi forearc basin at the onset of cooling global climate and the transition to the Quaternary. The focus of this study is the Greycliffs Formation that stratigraphically underlies the widespread Pukenui Limestone. The base of the Pukenui Limestone is used to mark the base of the Nukumaruan Stage, and is correlated with other limestones in the region based largely on the abundance of the cold-water scallop Psychrochlamys delicatula. This study aims to investigate the depositional environment of the Greycliffs Formation and reconstruct the paleogeographic setting of the southern part of the Ruataniwha Strait, using lithostratigraphy and palaeontological analysis. Furthermore, the timing and significance of P. delicatula occurrences in the region is investigated. Detailed lithofacies and biofacies analysis shows an overall coarsening up section through the Greycliffs Formation, reflecting slow tectonic shallowing of the Ruataniwha Strait. Smaller scale water depth changes between middle shelf and shoreface are superimposed on this record. The variations reflect the complex interplay of global sea level changes and the influence of local paleogeographic changes. The paleogeographic setting was generally open to the Ruataniwha Strait, tidal currents and south Pacific however a temporary barred embayment environment is indicated by foraminifera assemblage and a disproportionately fine period of siltstone deposition on the inner shelf.

New strontium isotope dates (87Sr/86Sr) from P. Delicatula shells show the base of the Pukenui Limestone is 2.44 Ma (Ben Hines, personal communication, August 2023), confirming that it is close to the established age of the Nukumaruan Stage (2.4Ma). However, 87Sr/86Sr dates on other P. delicatula bearing limestones in the East Coast Basin and the Whanganui Basin Hautawa Shellbed differ, indicating that the limestones are diachronous and cannot be correlated to mark the base of the Nukumaruan Stage or initial influx of cold water to the region. Furthermore, nine P. delicatula shellbeds are identified in the Greycliffs Formation. 87Sr/86Sr dates (Ben Hines, personal communication, August 2023) and sedimentation calculations produced in this study suggest that P. delicatula was present in the Ruataniwha Strait as early as 3.49Ma, well before the occurrence of the limestone formations.
The Act of Eating: Choreographing Eating Experiences Through Performative Design
Authors:   , Green Isabella
Published: February 2024

While multisensory dining is a well-established exploration in the discipline of interior architecture, the act of eating remains largely unexplored as a proposition for experimental design. This research starts from a place of curiosity about the inherent performativity that plays out in The Act of Eating and brings this curiosity into the space of interior architecture practice. If we approach interior architecture as a social and performative practice, then this opens up the question of how interior architects might design for eating, beyond the typical typology approach of hospitality design, and instead design The Act of Eating itself. This thesis was based on the notion that performative design could be used to revitalise The Act of Eating, with the aim to enhance the multi-sensory and social dimensions of eating, and create playful, intensified eating experiences.

This thesis uses a practice-based design methodology to explore the intersection of performance, eating and interior, through a series of experiments and two eating events. The research draws on projects by Marije Vogelzang, Julie Rothhaha and Emilie Baltz, is informed by Pierre Bouridieu’s theory of viewing performance as a 'habitus’ of everyday life, and Dorita Hannah’s articulation of interior architecture setting the stage for people to conduct and perform daily activities. The two eating events EAT ME and Space, Food and You, revealed the social and experiential value of bringing a performative approach to eating design. The research positions a performative approach to interior architecture as a valuable way to enhance the enjoyment and exploration of food through designing eating events and experiences. These events facilitated a playful and dynamic shift, which has the potential to prompt a positive disruption of eating experiences. This research could be of value to the hospitality realm of interior architecture as it pushes the boundaries of what a dining space is by foregrounding The Act of Eating.
New Zealand Lake Snow: The Structural Characterisation of Extracellular Polysaccharides Associated with the Invasive Diatom Lindavia intermedia
Authors:   , Luiten Cara
Published: February 2024

The mucilaginous biomass ‘lake snow’ first appeared in the low nutrient Southern Great Lakes of New Zealand in 2004. Lake snow has been fouling the inlet filters of hydroelectric dams, boating and fishing equipment, and residential filters. New Zealand lake snow is caused by copious extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by the centric diatom species Lindavia intermedia. Diatom EPS is comprised mostly of polysaccharides, including chitin and adhesive non-chitin polysaccharides. The aim of this project was to analyse the non-chitin EPS polysaccharides of lake snow. This thesis studied the extraction, isolation, and characterisation of these polysaccharides. Various synthetic modifications and chromatography techniques were employed for this work, including constituent sugar analysis by HPAEC-PAD and glycosyl linkage analysis by GC-MS. A structure is proposed for the main acidic polysaccharide produced by Lindavia intermedia. Consistent with the adhesive characteristics of lake snow, this previously unknown polysaccharide is rich in glucuronic acid and contains significant levels of neutral, endogenously O-methylated side chains.
Natureza da ciência no discurso de professores do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Vittorazzi Dayvisson Luís , Silva Alcina Maria Testa Braz da
Published: February 2024

As relações socioculturais integram os espaços escolares, fomentando a produção e difusão de instâncias como a identidade, o discurso, a representação, a ação, dentre outras. Nesse contexto, direcionamos nosso olhar para as práticas discursivas escolares com o objetivo de identificar manifestações relacionadas à natureza da ciência. Neste trabalho, traçamos o objetivo de analisar o discurso de professores de Ciências da Natureza de escolas públicas de um município no Estado do Espírito Santo, sinalizando pistas dos possíveis atravessamentos e ideologias. O corpus selecionado para esta investigação envolve os textos produzidos por 20 professores em resposta a um questionário. Sinalizamos, em nossas análises, uma espécie de rede interdiscursiva, na qual prolifera a ideia de ciência neutra, sem vínculos com questões socioeconômicas, éticas, políticas e culturais. Essas produções interdiscursivas decorrem de formações ideológicas, que se orientam para as finalidades didáticas, atravessando os discursos dos agentes das práticas de ensino de ciências.
Clinical Demographics Characteristic of Total Knee Arthroplasty at Prof IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Aryana I Gusti Ngurah Wien , Dharmayuda Cokorda Gde Oka , Febyan Febyan , Dimitri Dominicus , Limena Shianita , Kuswara Leonardus William
Published: February 2024

Background:  Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a widespread surgical procedure for severe arthritis. By 2030, primary TKA would reach over 1.2 million procedures annually in the United States. In Indonesia, the prevalence of joint disease is about 19.5 million cases. This study aims to evaluate the clinical demographics characteristics of TKA in Prof. Ngoerah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.Subjects and Method:  This is a descriptive study using a Cross-Sectional method with a total 57 adult patients undergoing TKA caused by Osteoarthritis grade III/IV in Prof IGNG Ngoerah Hospital from June 2020-June 2022. The dependent variable is the TKA procedure. Independent Variable is Age, gender, grade of knee osteoarthritis, comorbidities, and complications Data from the medical record was collected and stored in a Microsoft Office Excel 365 spreadsheet, the distributive table was analyzed and collected by using SPSS.Results:  Patient characteristic is dominated by an elderly female (84.2%), with age group 61-70 (38.6%). Comorbidities in this study include hypertension (28.1%), type II diabetes (10.5%), and rheumatoid disease (1.8%). The main complication recorded in this study includes joint stiffness (3.5%), and persistent pain (5.3%).Conclusion:  After Total Knee Arthroplasty was performed on 57 patients with a wide range of comorbidities, only a small number of complications occurred. This study implied that TKA could be performed even if the patient had some comorbidities as long as the patient pursued a complete pre and post-operative evaluation algorithm of the procedure.Keywords:  knee arthroplasty, osteoarthritis, human and medicine, rehabilitationCorrespondence:  IGN Wien Aryana, Consultant of Sports Medicine, Dept. Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Prof IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Jl. Diponegoro, Dauh Puri Klod. Denpasar City, Bali 80113 Email: wienaryanaortho@gmail.com. Mobile: +62811385263.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(02): 128-135https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.02.01
Intrafracture Recombinant Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Improves Fracture Healing Process on Wistar Rat
Authors: Aryana I Gusti Ngurah Wien , Giri Kadek Gede Bakta , Suyasa I Ketut , Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi
Published: February 2024

Background: Femoral fracture is associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in young adults with high-energy injuries. Abnormal fracture healing presents as a significant matter in management of femoral fracture. Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGFBB) is proposed as potential agent in fracture healing. Up to this point, PDGF has been scientifically studied improve wound healing by enhancing fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, and revascularization. This study aims to evaluate role of PDGF on fractured bone healing.Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted at Animal and Biomedical Laboratory of Udayana University, from March to September 2022. 36 male and healthy Wistar Rats at 34 months old and weighs 140160 grams were selected for this study. The dependent variables were Allen score, type I and type III collagen levels. The independent variable was administration of 10 mcg PDGFBB following femoral osteotomy and intramedullary wire fixation. Type I and III collagen levels are assessed using ELISA methods. Statistical analysis is performed using independent T-test in SPSS ver 25.0 software.Results: Allen score in the PDGFBB group (Mean= 3.89; SD= 1.40) was higher than control group (Mean= 2.28; SD= 1.48), with p=0.002. Type I collagen in the PDGFBB group (Mean= 4.97; SD= 0.54) was higher than control group (Mean= 4.41; SD= 0.74), with p=0.014. Type III collagen in the PDGFBB group (Mean= 12.1; SD= 2.49) was higher than control group (Mean= 10.01; SD= 1.61), with p=0.005.Conclusion: In comparison to the nonPDGFBB group, Wistar rats that had their femurs osteotomized and joined with intramedullary wire in the PDGFBB group has higher mean of Allen score, type I and type III collagen levels.Keywords: femoral fracture, allen score, type I collagen, type III collagen, PDGFBBCorrespondence: IGN Wien Aryana, Consultant of Sports Medicine, Dept. Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Prof IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Jl. Diponegoro, Dauh Puri Klod. Denpasar City, Bali 80113. Email: wienaryanaortho@gmail.com. Mobile: +62811385263.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(02): 136141https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.02.02
Effect of "TRISNA" Cultural Approach on Anxiety Reduction and Coping Increase in Drug Patients
Authors: Adriani Rita Benya , Sulistyowati Endang Caturini
Published: February 2024

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi penyalahgunaan narkoba di Provinsi Jawa Tengah relatif tinggi setelah Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur yaitu 450.000 kasus dengan prevalensi 2,5%. Dukungan psikososial diperlukan untuk mengurangi kasus penyalahgunaan narkoba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendekatan budaya “Trisna” terhadap penurunan kecemasan dan peningkatan coping pada pasien program terapi rumatan metadon.
Subyek dan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan Quasi-Experimental Design yang dilakukan di RSUD Moewardi Surakarta pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2017. Populasi penelitian adalah 12 pasien Program Terapi Rumatan Metadon di RSUD Moewardi Surakarta. Penelitian menggunakan teknik total sampling. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah dukungan psikososial dengan pendekatan budaya “Trisna”, sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah kecemasan dan coping. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner kecemasan dengan menggunakan Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Analisis data dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik sampel. Analisis bivariat diukur dengan Independent T-Test dengan Aplikasi SPSS.
Hasil: Dukungan psikososial yang cukup besar dapat menurunkan kecemasan sebelum intervensi (Mean = 24.50; SD= 20.66) dan setelah intervensi (Mean= 21.33; SD= 18.10) dan secara statistik tidak signifikan p = 0.693. Terdapat peningkatan coping pada pasien kecanduan narkoba, sebelum intervensi (Mean = 24.50; SD= 8.70) dan setelah intervensi (Mean= 25.92; SD= 8.14) dan secara statistik tidak signifikan p = 0.683.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat perubahan berupa penurunan kecemasan dan peningkatan coping pada pasien program terapi rumatan metadon yang mendapatkan intervensi dukungan psikososial dengan pendekatan budaya “Trisna”.
Kata Kunci: dukungan psikososial, kecemasan, coping.
Korespondensi: Rita Benya Adriani, Kementerian Kesehatan Surakarta, Politeknik Kesehatan Surakarta, Jalan Letjend Sutoyo, Mojosongo, Surakarta 57127, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: benyaadriani@gmail.com. Ponsel +628122617033.
Re-Infection of COVID-19 at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, from March 2020 to June 2021
Authors: Aphridasari Jatu
Published: February 2024

Background: COVID-19 reinfection has been identified and is being studied. Several risk factors, including being a health worker and having A blood type, are linked to reinfection, and comorbidities such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and asthma influence the disease's severity. To identify mutational variations associated with viral virulence and spread, genetic studies are required. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, as well as patient characteristics and risk factors related to SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.
Subjects and Method: This is a retrospective cohort study using data from the medical records of patients with COVID-19 reinfection treated at the Dr. Moewardi General Hospital (RSDM) Surakarta from March 2020 to June 2021. A sample was collected from 19 men and 20 women. The degree of COVID-19 infection is the dependent variable. Gender, occupation, comorbidities, and immunization history were the independent variables. The entire sampling method was employed in this investiga¬tion (consecutive sampling). Data is handled in Microsoft Excel 2010, and statistical analysis is performed in SPSS version 20.0.
Results: COVID-19 re-infection is equally likely in men and women. The average patient age was 42 years, with patients ranging in age from 25 to 73 years. Patients in the study were classified as either health workers or non-health workers, with 29 (76.3%) and 9 (23.7%) respectively. Due of restricted resources, the average period of COVID-19 re-infection is 197.6 +/- 97 days without genomic sequence investigation. Comorbidities were discovered in 11 of 38 COVID-19 reinfection patients (29%) Only 6 individuals (15.8%) with COVID-19 reinfection had a history of vaccination.
Conclusion: Using convalescent plasma to treat patients with COVID-19 is a rather safe practice. Our analysis demonstrated that the administration of convalescent plasma did not enhance survival or clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe disease.
Keywords: COVID-19, COVID-19 reinfection, health workers, comorbidity
Correspondence: Jatu Aphridasari. Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta – Indonesia. jatuparu@staff.uns.ac.id. Mobile: +6281289991329.
Effect of Social Cognitive Therapy on Mental Improvement in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ariska Yovita Galuh Eka , Prasetya Hanung , Murti Bhisma
Published: February 2024

Background: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that develops after experiencing a very threatening or horrific event. Cognitive behavioral therapy or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is one of the most popular therapies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on mental improvement in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder patients.
Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and Meta-analysis using PICO model. Population: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder patients. Intervention: cognitive behavioral therapy. Comparison: no cognitive behavioral therapy. Outcome: Mental Improvement. The online databases used are Google Scholar, PubMed, and Sience Direct with keywords (“Post Traumatic Stress Disorder” OR “PTSD”) AND (“Cognitive Behavioral Therapy” OR “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy” OR “CBT”) AND (“Randomized controlled trial” OR “RCT”). There were 9 randomized controlled trial studies published in 2005-2023 that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.
Results: A Meta-analysis conducted using 9 RCTs from the United States, Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Thailand. A total sample was 6,088 health workers. Cognitive behavioral therapy reduced PTSD (SMD= -6.32; p= 0.020). Forest plots showed high heterogeneity (I2=73%; p= 0.003), so analysis was conducted using the random effect model.
Conclusion: CBT reduces PTSD.
Keywords: cognitive behavior therapy, mental improvement, post-traumatic stress disorder, randomized controlled trial
Effect of Theraband Exercise on Knee Pain Reduction in Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Ramona Dela , Sudaryanto Wahyu Tri
Published: February 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease associated with damage to joint cartilage, where a complex joint degradation process occurs, consisting of a repair process in the cartilage, bone, and synovium, followed by a secondary component of the inflammatory process. The primary cause of osteoarthritis is still not known for certain, but there are several risk factors that play a role, namely: age, gender, genetics, obesity, metabolic diseases, and other factors. This study aimed to examine the effect of theraband exercise on reducing knee pain in OA patients.
Subjects and Method: This was a quasy experiment study conducted at Dr. Soedjono Hospital, in Magelang, Central Java, from May to June 2023. A sample of 33 knee osteoarthritis patients was selected using purposive sampling. Intervention group (n= 17) received Theraband exercise and control group (n= 16) received usual care. The dependent variable was knee pain. The independent variable was Theraband exercise. Knee pain was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The data were tested using independent t test.
Results: After intervention, mean of VAS score in the intervention group (Mean= 5.25; SD= 1.57) was slightly higher than control group (Mean= 5.13; SD= 1.75), but it was statistically non-significant (p= 0.848).
Conclusion: Mean of VAS score in the intervention group is slightly higher than control group, but it is statistically non-significant.
Keywords: theraband exercise, pain, osteoarthritis knee.
Correspondence: Dela Ramona. Study Program of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Jl. A. Yani Kartasura, Sukoharjo, Central Java, 57162 Email: delaramona26@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281347988116.
Convalescent Plasma Treatment for Moderate to Critical Ill COVID-19 Patients – A Safe but Futile Treatment: A Non-Randomized Comparative Study
Authors: Aphridasari Jatu , Soetjahjo Bintang , Joko Agus , Sidharta Rina , Harsini Harsini , Arifin Arifin , Permana Septian Adi , Saraswati Kunti , Adhiputri Artrien , Marwanta Sri , Laqif Abdurahman , Danuaji Rivan
Published: February 2024

Background: In a number of cases of viral infection, convalescent plasma therapy has been effective. Reportedly, the use of convalescent plasma as a therapy for COVID-19 patients with severe and life-threatening disorders is beneficial at this time. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of convalescent plasma transfusions in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Subjects and Method: This was a clinical trial employing a non-randomized comparative study. A historical control group (21 samples) and convalescent plasma transfusions (21 samples) was selected consecutively from hospitalized COVID-19 patients between May 6th, 2020, and May 6th, 2021 at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital. We assessed and quantified viral clearance in the laboratory. Statistical analysis is performed in SPSS version 20.0.
Results: Plasma was taken from fifteen convalescent donors. In the plasma convalescent treatment group, there was a statistically significant difference between outcome and severity degree (p = 0.005). In addition, there was a substantial discrepancy between the result group and the control group (p 0.005). Significant differences in post-treatment NLR between the control and treatment groups (p 0.005). In addition, there were statistically significant differences between the control and treatment groups in post-treatment hsCRP levels (p 0.005). In addition, there were statistically significant differences (p 0.005) between all groups' inflammatory markers and outcomes.
Conclusion: Using convalescent plasma to treat patients with COVID-19 is a rather safe practice. Our analysis demonstrated that the administration of convalescent plasma did not enhance survival or clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe disease.
Keywords: COVID-19, convalescent therapy, critical ill
Meta-Analysis the Effect of a Potassium Nitrate Desensitizing Agent and Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate on Tooth Sensitivity after Office Bleaching Treatment
Authors: Safitri Diyanti , Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini , Murti Bhisma
Published: February 2024

Background: Office bleaching is a treatment used to treat tooth discoloration, but it often results in tooth sensitivity. The desensitizing agent potassium nitrate and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) can reduce tooth sensitivity because they work to inhibit nerve transmission, thereby preventing the sensation of pain. This study aimed to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate desensitization agents and CPP-ACP on tooth sensitivity after bleaching treatment.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis with the following PICO format. Population= Patients who have undergone office bleaching treatment. Intervention= desensitizing agents potas-sium nitrate and CPP-ACP. Comparison: without desensitizing agent. Outcome: tooth sensitivity. Keywords used "Office bleaching" AND "Tooth sensitivity" OR "Dentine hypersensitivity" AND "Potassium nitrate" AND Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate" OR "CPP-ACP" AND "Randomized Controlled Trial" OR “RCT”. Studies published at PubMed, Springerlink, Cochrane Database, Hindawi, Elsevier, Google Scholar and Wiley Online Library databases, from 2013 to 2023. The selected articles were critically reviewed using the PRISMA checklist and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4.1. The effect size used is the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD).Results: A total of 13 RCTs from Brazil, Spain, India, Pakistan, Turkey, Jordan, Iran, and the United States was selected for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of 7 articles shows that the use of potassium nitrate desensitization agents can reduce tooth sensitivity by 0.20 units lower than without the use of desensitization agents (SMD= - 0.20; 95% CI= -0.37 to -0.03; p=0.020). Meanwhile, 7 articles show that the use of CPP-ACP desensitization agents can reduce tooth sensitivity by 0.46 units lower than without the use of desensitization agents (SMD= -0.46; 95% CI= -0.67 to - 0.24; p<0.001).Conclusion: The use of potassium nitrate desensitization agents and CPP-ACP reduces tooth sensitivity compared to without the use of potassium nitrate desensitization agents and CPP-ACP and is statistically significant.
Keywords: desensitizing agent, potassium nitrat, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate, tooth sensitivity, office bleaching
Description of Hematological Parameters and Severity Levels of COVID-19 Patients and Disease Progression at Royal Prima Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Azah Yunita Wannur , Novalinda Ginting Chrismis , Chiuman Linda , Ferdinand Sahna
Published: February 2024

Background: The severity of COVID-19 can be evaluated by checking several routine hematological parameters. Routine hematology examinations have an important role in early detection, diagnosis, disease management and disease progression. This study aims to determine the relationship between hematological parameters and disease progression and severity in COVID-19 patients.
Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Royal Prima Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia, from January to February 2022. A total of 93 patients who had confirmed COVID-19 were selected using a simple random sampling technique according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research was The dependent variables of this research were disease progression and severity of COVID-19 patients. The independent variables are hematological parameters based on hospital medical record data. Data analysis used the Chi-Square test and logistic regression.
Results: 75 people (80.6%) COVID-19 sufferers had severe disease. NLR and D-dimer levels were significantly related to disease progression in COVID-19 sufferers (p<0.05). Leukocyte, lymphocyte, NLR, CRP, D-dimer levels are related to the severity of COVID-19 sufferers (p<0.05). Leukocyte levels have the strongest relationship with the severity of COVID-19 with an OR value of 1.798.
Conclusion: NLR and D-dimer levels are significantly related to disease progression and leukocyte. Lymphocyte, NLR, CRP, D-dimer levels are related to the severity of COVID-19 sufferers.
PIAGET PENERAPAN TEORI PEMBELAJARAN PIAGET DALAM KBM
Authors: NIRMALA YETI
Published: February 2024

ABSTRAK

Proses kegiatan belajar dan mengajar merupakan proses domana seorang guru menyalurkan ilmunya kepada peserta didik yang dilakukan di dalam maupun di luar kelas. Kegiatan belajar dan mengajar juga merupakan kombinasi yang tersusun meliputi unsur manusiawi, material, fasilitas, perlengkapan, serta prosedur yang saling mempengaruhi dalam rangka mencapai tujuan dalam pembelajaran. Keterlibatan manusia dalam kegiatan belajar dan mengajar memiliki peran sebagai murid, guru, dan tenaga kependidikan. Material terdiri dari seluruh perlengkapan untuk menunjang proses belajar. Fasilitas dan perlengkapan meliputi fasilitas sarana dan prasarana sekolah. Prosedur meliputi jadwal dan metode penyampaian informasi, praktik, belajar, ujian, dan sebagainya.

Model pembelajaran sesuai dengan teori Piaget yaitu anak belajar dan mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir secara teratur sesuai dengan tahapannya. Proses berpikir anak merupakan aktivitas gradual, secara bertahap sesuai dengan fungsi intelektual dari bentuk konkret menuju abstrak, oleh karena itu anak suka berimajinasi dan bereksplorasi sesuai dengan imajinasinya. Perkembangan kognitif merupakan proses yang sesuai dengan perkembangan anak usia dini. Pengetahuan anak didik dihasilkan murni dari individu, tidak sepenuhnya dari lingkungan saja. Proses belajar anak selain di dalam kelas juga banyak dari interaksi antara anak dengan lingkungan sosial dan lingkungan fisik.

Model pembelajaran Piaget jika diterapkan dalam dunia pendidikan sangat sesuai, dengan belajar di sekolah anak bisa lebih banyak berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar, dengan teman sebayanya yang berasal dari latar belakang yang berbeda. Anak banyak berinteraksi dengan lingkungan melalui program-progam yang di jadwalkan oleh lembaga pendidikan seperti saat kegiatan karya wisata, kunjungan ke tempat-tempat tertentu, kegiatan secara outdoor dan lain sebagainya.

Kata kunci: Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar, Teori Piaget.
Improving Children's Cognitive Abilities with Playing Simple Math and Science
Authors: Lestari Wahyuni Puji
Published: February 2024

Playing with math and science for children are not only interesting but also can increase creativity and increase cognitive skill. Playing math to childhood are introduce beginning basic math concept by interesting playing. In daily life, the childhood can introduce and study math very simple. Starting from look their finger than learn to count its. When the children share the cake with their friends, it’s also introduce math concept. In daily, the children are nearing from the world of mathematics, but almost of us, understanding math only about number, summary, reduction, multiplication, arithmetic, etc. even though many early mathematical concepts are close to the world of children. By introducing the basic concept of mathematics from an early age will be able to have life skills for their future, because almost of human life are related to mathematics concept. In addition to basic math concepts, early childhood also needs to know about the world of science. Playing science in early childhood is an effective learning to recognize the world around him with the five senses of them.
PERKEMBANGAN KEBUTUHAN DASAR RENCANA AKSI SUB TOPIK PEMBELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN AIR UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN AKUN OBSERVASI PERIODE BAYI
Authors: Bunga Dewi Aisah
Published: February 2024

Mengetahui kebutuhan dasar pengembangan rencana aksi pembelajaran berbasis sains subtema air dalam rangka optimalisasi keterampilan observasi anak usia dini. Metode penelitian adalah metode pengembangan, pendekatan metode campuran dengan model Desain pendidikan Teknik penelitian menyarankan Menurut McKenney dan Reeves. Artikel ini hanya menjelaskan teknik penelitian pendidikan Penelitian tahap pertama adalah tahap menemukan dan menganalisis masalah penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelitian pendahuluan, yaitu penelitian lapangan dengan observasi sebelumnya dan penelitian kepustakaan. Tinjauan pustaka dilakukan dengan melihat jurnal dan temuan penelitian terdahulu yang berkaitan dengannya masalah dan buku berbasis sains untuk anak usia dini. Hal inilah yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil penelitian kebutuhan dasar yang berbeda untuk pengembangan rencana aksi untuk pembelajaran berorientasi sains mengoptimalkan keterampilan observasi untuk referensi atau referensi di kemudian hari rancangan produk penelitian dan pengembangan berupa rencana aksi pembelajaran.
Study of Ergonomics and Psychosocial Characteristics for Orphans at LKSA Kyai Raden Mohammad Kasiman Foundation, Blitar
Authors: Purwaningrum Devia , Shofwan Arif Muzayin , Fuada Syawiyatul , Alimah Wachidatul
Published: February 2024

Lembaga Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak (LKSA) Kyai Raden Mohammad Kasiman Kota Blitar merupakan sebuah lembaga yang diinisiasi oleh H. Masjhun Sofwan, S.H dan bertujuan untuk memberikan kesejahteraan bagi anak yatim dan piatu. Penelitian studi kasus degan triangulasi data ini akan meneliti tentang masalah ergonomi dan karakter psikososial bagi anak yatim piatu yang ada di Lembaga Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak (LKSA) Kyai Raden Mohammad Kasiman Kota Blitar. Penelitian ini menemukan beberapa hal sebagaimana berikut. Pertama, masalah-masalah yang harus ditingkatkan ergonominya di Lembaga Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak (LKSA) Kyai Raden Mohammad Kasiman Kota Blitar, antara lain: penyediaan meja kecil untuk belajar bagi anak yatim piatu, penyediaan papan nama yang layak agar indah dipandang mata, pengadaan taman bunga yang sejuk di lingkungan lembaga, penyediaan media pembelajaran bagi yatim piatu yang memadai ketika proses belajar mengajar seperti laptop, LCD, dan lainnya. Kedua, beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan dan dikembangkan terkait karakter psikososial anak yatim piatu di Lembaga Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak (LKSA) Kyai Raden Mohammad Kasiman Kota Blitar, antara lain: mengembangkan perhatian yang terfokus pada anak yatim piatu dari lingkungan sekitar, mengembangkan fokus dalam belajar bagi anak yatim piatu, mengatasi masalah mudah menangis ketika teringat orang tua yang telah meninggal bagi anak yatim piatu, memotivasi semangat bagi anak yatim piatu yang sering merasa sendirian, kesulitan ekonomi, minder, dan cenderung menjauhi lingkungan sosial.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Huruf Hijaiyah Melalui Media Papan Pintar Kelompok A di RA Perwanida Kandangan
Authors: Shidah Mafaizatu Al Mustar , Rachmah Laela Lutfiana , Shohwan Arif Muzayin , Farantika Dessy
Published: February 2024

Learning media is a tool or means used to convey learning material effectively so that it can foster students' enthusiasm for learning in order to achieve learning goals. However, in reality at RA Perwanida Kandangan learning to recognize hijaiyah letters in group A still uses less innovative learning media, namely directly using iqra' supporting books. The media seems less attractive in the eyes of children. Children become lazy, bored, feel forced, and less motivated in learning. So that the ability of children to recognize hijaiyah letters in group A is still low. Hijaiyah smart board media was created as an alternative problem solving in learning to recognize hijaiyah letters. The purpose of this study was to increase the ability to recognize hijaiyah letters in group A at RA Perwanida Kandangan. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). This study consisted of three cycles consisting of four stages, namely: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. This research was conducted at RA Perwanida Kandangan by taking group A subjects aged 4-5 years, totaling 15 children. The results of the research and assessment of PTK stated that there was an increase in the ability to read hijaiyah letters through smart board media that had been designed in group A at RA Perwanida Kandangan namely: before the action/pre-cycle the ability to read hijaiyah letters was stated as BB of 53.33%, MB of 33.33%, BSH of 13.33%, and BSB of 0%, in cycle I it was stated that BB was 15.55%, MB was 64.44%, BSH was 20% , and BSB 0%. In cycle II, the results of BB were 0%, MB were 22.22%, BSH were 51.11%, and BSH were 26.66%, and in cycle III it increased as expected by obtaining BB results of 0%, MB of 4.44%, BSH of 57.77%, and BSH of 37.77%. From the results of this study it can be concluded that there has been an increase in the ability to read hijaiyah letters through smart board media at RA Perwanida Kandangan
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung Melalui Metode Bermain Kartu Angka pada kelas Venus KB Budi Mulia Al Bayaan
Authors: Mufidah Asna , Hidayah Choirul
Published: February 2024

This classroom action research aims to (1) describe efforts to develop children's numeracy skills through the method of playing number cards (2) describe improving the learning process in children's numeracy skills through the method of playing number cards. The subjects in this research were students from the Venus KB Budi Mulia Al Bayaan group for the 2022/2023 academic year. This research is collaborative between researchers and class teachers. The data is used to determine the increase in children's numeracy skills and to understand the learning process through number card games through observation and field notes. The data analysis technique uses descriptive qualitative with interactive analysis based on the results of observations of learning activities and the results of actions that have been taken. The results of this research show that there is a significant increase in children's numeracy skills in the learning process using the number card method. Based on this, it can be seen from the child's abilities which include two indicators, namely counting number cards and counting number cards 1 -10. Before the action was carried out, the child's numeracy ability value was 13%, after the action in cycle I was carried out it increased to 75%, and at the end of the action in cycle II it increased to 95%. This research concludes that the application of the number card method in learning at the Budi Mulia Al Bayaan KB can improve children's numeracy skills.