bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O primeiro ato
Authors: Pires Samudio Jonas Miguel
Published: December 2023

O ensaio se volta para a interface entre a questão do feminino na literatura e o feminino como uma questão para a literatura. Para aprofundarmos as reflexões pertinentes à problemática, nos apropriamos da compreensão de “escrita feminina”, desenvolvida por Lucia Castello Branco (1991; 1994; 2019; entre outros), que aponta para uma dicção própria a determinados textos literários, independente do gênero de seus autores. A partir disso, e considerando a reivindicação, premente e atual, por novas formas de vivência do feminino, voltamo-nos para as obras de Camila Sosa Villada, El viaje inútil: trans/escrituras (2018) e O parque das irmãs magníficas (2021b). Sublinharemos, nestes textos, sua dicção própria, a presença do feminino e aos seus significados: para além do gênero, analisaremos como, a partir do corpo e da escrita, aparece “esta outra feminilidade”, em contínua criação e elaboração, como um feminino suplementar.
Masculinidades subalternas
Authors: Langa Ercilio Neves Brandão
Published: December 2023

O artigo analisa masculinidades de homens africanos no cenário de migração e diáspora na cidade de Fortaleza. O que é ser homem, negro, africano e imigrante no Brasil? A reflexão é embasada em pesquisa etnográfica e entrevistas com africanos de distintas nacionalidades, aliada às experiências e vivências biográficas do autor, configurando uma etnobiografia. Movimenta-se as noções de masculinidades hegemônicas e subalternas. Homens africanos são racializados, discriminados e sexualizados, ocupando lugar secundário na sociedade. São visibilizados pelo imaginário do passado colonial. A universidade e o trabalho precário constituem meios de inserção. O contexto migratório permite a construção de imagens de virilidade masculina entre a África e o Brasil. Apresentam masculinidades subalternas diante da sociedade brasileira e hegemônicas diante de mulheres africanas e, valorizadas pelas brasileiras. As interações revelam negociações, em meio às representações sexuais coloniais, marcadas por tensões raciais e culturais. A vivência e experiência na diáspora plasmam novos padrões de masculinidade, que desafiam as relações de gênero e de dominação e, a repensar as formulações o homem como algoz e a mulher como vítima.
E “o cu que é democrático e todo mundo tem”
Authors: Figueiredo Calou Antonio Leonardo , Santos John Elton Costa dos
Published: December 2023

O presente ensaio enseja fazer reflexões acerca da conceituação da “homossexualidade molecular” originada por Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari em O Anti-Édipo: capitalismo e esquizofrenia e encaminhada por Guy Hocquenghem e René Schérer em suas obras, buscando estabelecer diálogos nos quais se apresenta o funcionamento da relação homossexual na produção de prazeres e diferenças que contestam a normatividade, bem como também toda operação capturante dessas relações. Para isso, seguimos dissertando sobre a homossexualidade molecular na obra deleuze-guattariana, apontando os modos de operação das relações edipianas e as criticas feita a psicanálise, para então olharmos para as relações homossexuais e como ela se produz identitária, mas também como funciona molecularmente. Por fim, em um dialogo com o filme Tatuagem, apresentamos as potências afirmativas da homossexualidade molecular.
Engineering Ultra‐Small Cerium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks Nanozymes for Efficient Antioxidative Treatment of Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Chen Zhongxing , Li Zheng , Tang Nana , Huang Yida , Li Siheng , Xu Wenjin , Wang Qing , Chen Xin , Zhao Nan , Zeng Zhenhai , Xiao Yichen , Chen Xinyi , Li Jiawei , Zhou Xingtao , Li Guisheng , Yang Mei , Huang Jinhai
Published: December 2023

Dry eye disease (DED) is a widespread ophthalmic illness that inflicts massive economic and medical burdens on society. Although oxidative stress is closely associated with the onset of DED, barely any quantities of antioxidants are clinically available owing to low efficiency, toxicity, and poor bioavailability. Cerium‐based nanozymes possess promising enzyme‐mimetic activities in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the ultra‐small metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have the potential for more efficient drug delivery, ROS elimination, and therapeutic efficacy. However, the development of ultra‐small cerium‐based MOFs (Ce‐MOFs) is limited to a small minority due to challenges in the synthetic process and stability. By simply adjusting raw ingredients concentrations, three types of Ce‐MOFs with distinct particle sizes are synthesized: Ce‐MOF 1 (213 nm), Ce‐MOF 2 (36 nm), and Ce‐MOF 3 (2 nm). In comparison, the obtained ultra‐small Ce‐MOF 3 exhibited superior ROS scavenging and antioxidant capacity, decreased cytotoxicity, and excellent ocular penetration. Therapeutically, Ce‐MOF 3 is demonstrated to be highly efficient in alleviating DED by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, boosting corneal epithelial repair, and facilitating tear secretion recovery. The novel ultra‐small Ce‐MOF 3 may serve as a promising alternative treatment for DED and other ROS‐related disorders when combined with ocular biocompatibility.
Towel‐Inspired Fabric‐Based Evaporator for Highly Efficient Water‐Evaporation Desalination
Authors: Li Jiugang , Ge Can , He Jiahao , Jin Xinpeng , He Chong , Liu Keshuai , Xu Duo , Li Wenbin
Published: December 2023

Solar‐driven interfacial evaporation is an environmentally friendly and sustainable freshwater‐production technology with substantial market potential. Nonetheless, it encounters significant challenges related to energy‐conversion efficiency and resistance to salt crystallization. Thus, a towel‐inspired fabric‐based evaporator (TFE) containing various functional layers using carbon and cotton‐polyester‐blended fibers is designed and woven. The surface of the TFE is woven into a towel‐ring structure, which affords a high sunlight‐contact area and a superior sunlight absorption rate of 96.2%. In contrast, the hydrophilic layer at the bottom of the TFE delivers superior water‐molecule storage and conduction due to its multilayer corner‐interlocking fabric structure. Compared to commercial fabric‐based evaporators, the loop structure of the towel fabric enables water molecules to flow rapidly under the influence of wind, which effectively enhances the evaporation rate of the TFE. The optimal TFE can reach a high water‐evaporation rate of 3.72 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 kW m−2 sunlight and a wind speed of 2 m s−1, which is ascribable to sunlight/wind synergy. No precipitated salt is detected on the TFE surface after continuously evaporating a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 8 h. These exceptional attributes position the TFE as a highly suitable candidate for diverse seawater desalination applications.
Synthesis of Chiral 2‐Oxazolidinones by Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of 2‐Oxazolones
Authors: Yu Pinke , Chen Danyi , Liu Yiwen , Yin Congcong , Liu Qixing , Zhou Haifeng
Published: December 2023

An asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of 2‐oxazolones in the presence of a chiral diamine ruthenium catalyst with potassium formate as a hydrogen source and potassium carbonate as an additive in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol is described. A series of chiral 2‐oxazolidinones were obtained with 29%–95% yields and 86%–>99% ee's. Furthermore, gram‐scale synthesis of chiral 2‐oxazolidinone and its downstream derivatizations demonstrate the practicality of this method.
Electrochemical‐induced 1,3‐oxohydroxylation of arylcyclopropanes
Authors: Huang Xuejin , Cai Jianhua , Zheng Ye , Song Chunlan , Li Jiakun
Published: December 2023

Herein, we present a method for electrochemical‐induced 1,3‐oxohydroxylation of arylcyclopropanes with H2O as the green oxygen source. This transformation offers a regioselective route to highly functionalized β‐hydroxy ketones under oxidant‐ and metal‐free conditions. Notably, this electrochemical approach features simple operation, good regioselectivity, high functional group tolerance, and easy derivatization of the products. Mechanistic studies have provided solid evidences that 1,3‐diol acts as the crucial intermediate in this reaction, leading to the observed regioselectivity.
Improving the Accuracy of Robot Collecting Organisms in Marine Environment Based on Yolov5 Improvement
Authors: Wang Shengwei , Yuan Zhongjie , Wang Haizhen , Wen Yongqin
Published: December 2023

In this paper, an improved YOLOv5 multiscale marine organism target detection algorithm (YOLOv5‐Mult) is proposed to address the insufficient feature extraction ability of small targets, low detection accuracy, and high catching error of existing models in complex environments. First, real frame clustering is performed using the Kmeans++ method. Second, the BiFPN network module is adopted in lieu of the PANet network module to enhance the feature fusion ability. Next, the multilayer semantic fusion module RBC (RepBlock CSP) replaces the C3 module before the SPP layer of the Backbone network and the C3 module in the Neck layer to enrich the image semantic information. Finally, the multiscale feature fusion module MC (Mult Conv) replaces the last C3 module in the Backbone network to mitigate the semantic gap between different feature channel layers. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved algorithm attains a mAP value of 71.18%, which is 5.22% higher than that of the original YOLOv5 algorithm, providing accurate identification and fishing for underwater robots.
Emerging Strategies for Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors Using Lipid‐Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Fernandes Soraia , Cassani Marco , Cavalieri Francesca , Forte Giancarlo , Caruso Frank
Published: December 2023

The application of lipid‐based nanoparticles for COVID‐19 vaccines and transthyretin‐mediated amyloidosis treatment have highlighted their potential for translation to cancer therapy. However, their use in delivering drugs to solid tumors is limited by ineffective targeting, heterogeneous organ distribution, systemic inflammatory responses, and insufficient drug accumulation at the tumor. Instead, the use of lipid‐based nanoparticles to remotely activate immune system responses is an emerging effective strategy. Despite this approach showing potential for treating hematological cancers, its application to treat solid tumors is hampered by the selection of eligible targets, tumor heterogeneity, and ineffective penetration of activated T cells within the tumor. Notwithstanding, the use of lipid‐based nanoparticles for immunotherapy is projected to revolutionize cancer therapy, with the ultimate goal of rendering cancer a chronic disease. However, the translational success is likely to depend on the use of predictive tumor models in preclinical studies, simulating the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (e.g., the fibrotic extracellular matrix that impairs therapeutic outcomes) and stimulating tumor progression. This review compiles recent advances in the field of antitumor lipid‐based nanoparticles and highlights emerging therapeutic approaches (e.g., mechanotherapy) to modulate tumor stiffness and improve T cell infiltration, and the use of organoids to better guide therapeutic outcomes.
Shortwave‐Infrared‐Emitting Nanoprobes for CD8 Targeting and In Vivo Imaging of Cytotoxic T Cells in Breast Cancer
Authors: Shah Jay V. , Siebert Jake N. , Zhao Xinyu , He Shuqing , Riman Richard E. , Tan Mei Chee , Pierce Mark C. , Lattime Edmund C. , Ganapathy Vidya , Moghe Prabhas V.
Published: December 2023

Checkpoint immunotherapy has made great strides in the treatment of solid tumors, but many patients do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Identification of tumor‐infiltrating cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) has the potential to stratify patients and monitor immunotherapy responses. In this study, the design of cluster of differentiation (CD8+) T cell‐targeted nanoprobes that emit shortwave infrared (SWIR) light in the second tissue‐transparent window for noninvasive, real‐time imaging of CTLs in murine models of breast cancer is presented. SWIR‐emitting rare‐earth nanoparticles encapsulated in human serum albumin are conjugated with anti‐CD8α to target CTLs with high specificity. CTL targeting is validated in vitro through binding of nanoprobes to primary mouse CTLs. The potential for the use of SWIR fluorescence intensity to determine CTL presence is validated in two syngeneic mammary fat pad tumor models, EMT6 and 4T1, which differ in immune infiltration. SWIR imaging using CD8‐targeted nanoprobes successfully identifies the presence of CTLs in the more immunogenic EMT6 model, while imaging confirms the lack of substantial immune infiltration in the nonimmunogenic 4T1 model. In this work, the opportunity for SWIR imaging using CD8‐targeted nanoprobes to assess CTL infiltration in tumors for the stratification and monitoring of responders to checkpoint immunotherapy is highlighted.
Second Coordination Sphere Effect Shifts CO2 to CO Reduction by Iron Porphyrin from Fe0 to FeI
Authors: Amanullah Sk , Gotico Philipp , Sircoglou Marie , Leibl Winfried , Llansola‐Portoles Manuel J. , Tibiletti Tania , Quaranta Annamaria , Halime Zakaria , Aukauloo Ally
Published: December 2023

Iron porphyrins are among the most studied molecular catalysts for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction and their reactivity is constantly being enhanced through the implementation of chemical functionalities in the second coordination sphere inspired by the active sites of enzymes. In this study, we were intrigued to observe that a multipoint hydrogen bonding scheme provided by embarked urea groups could also shift the redox activation step of CO2 from the well‐admitted Fe(0) to the Fe(I) state. Using EPR, resonance Raman, IR and UV‐Visible spectroscopies, we underpinned a two‐electron activation step of CO2 starting from the Fe(I) oxidation state to form, after protonation, an Fe(III)−COOH species. The addition of another electron and a proton to the latter species converged to the cleavage of a C−O bond with the loss of water molecule resulting in an Fe(II)−CO species. DFT analyses of these postulated intermediates are in good agreement with our collected spectroscopic data, allowing us to propose an alternative pathway in the catalytic CO2 reduction with iron porphyrin catalyst. Such a remarkable shift opens new lines of research in the design of molecular catalysts to reach low overpotentials in performing multi‐electronic CO2 reduction catalysis.
A Raman spectral marker for the iso‐octyl chain structure of cholesterol
Authors: Simeral Mathieu L. , Demers Steven M. E. , Sheth Kyle , Hafner Jason H.
Published: December 2023

Raman spectroscopy provides label‐free, specific analysis of biomolecular structure and interactions. It could have a greater impact with improved characterization of complex fingerprint vibrations. Many Raman peaks have been assigned to cholesterol, for example, but the molecular vibrations associated with those peaks are not known. In this report, time‐dependent density functional theory calculations of the Raman spectrum of cholesterol are compared to measurements on microcrystalline powder to identify 23 peaks in the Raman spectrum. Among them, a band of six peaks is found to be sensitive to the conformational structure of cholesterol's iso‐octyl chain. Calculations on 10 conformers in this spectral band are fit to experimental spectra to probe the cholesterol chain structure in purified powder and in phospholipid vesicles. In vesicles, the chain is found to bend perpendicular to the steroid rings, supporting the case that the chain is a dynamic structure that contributes to lipid condensation and other effects of cholesterol in biomembranes.

Statement of Significance: Here we use density functional theory to identify a band of six peaks in cholesterol's Raman spectrum that is sensitive to the conformational structure of cholesterol's chain. Raman spectra were analyzed to show that in fluid‐phase lipid membranes, about half of the cholesterol chains point perpendicular to the steroid rings. This new method of label‐free structural analysis could make significant contributions to our understanding of cholesterol's critical role in biomembrane structure and function. More broadly, the results show that computational quantum chemistry Raman spectroscopy can make significant new contributions to molecular structure when spectra are interpreted with computational quantum chemistry.
Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy characterization of the controlling of surface morphology of epoxy‐amine‐cured spin‐coated films
Authors: Shenk Timothy M. , Benjamin Kenneth M. , Winter Robb M.
Published: December 2023

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was successfully used to study spin‐coated, amine‐cured epoxy film microstructure and morphology. The air‐epoxy and epoxy‐substrate interfaces were examined using tapping‐mode height and phase imaging AFM. The impact of relative humidity on the morphology and microstructure of the surfaces was determined. AFM was able to elucidate the changes on the surface as relative humidity during processing increased. It was observed that large nodular formations formed on the epoxy surface expose to the air but not epoxy surface formed on the substrate in addition to varying regions of more or less compliant structures, which was attributed to carbamate formation caused by the amine curing agent reaction with atmospheric CO2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to further elucidate interface and interphase morphology of spin‐coated epoxies. Experimentation also demonstrated that post‐curing above the glass transition did not change the morphology structure, suggesting surface structures are “locked‐in.” SEM was used to further elucidate how the interface and interphase change with changing environmental conditions at both the air‐epoxy and epoxy‐substrate interface/interphases, including the impact of atmospheric CO2 on Marangoni cell formation.
Syntheses of Iminophosphomamido Chlorogermylenes and Their Complexation with a Rhodium(I) Complex
Authors: Takahashi Shintaro , Kamiyama Shota , Ishii Akihiko , Nakata Norio
Published: December 2023

Three‐coordinated chlorogermylenes of the type [Ph2P(RN)2]GeCl (3: R=tBu; 4: R=Dip=2,6‐iPr2C6H3), which bear an N,N‐substituted iminophosphonamide ligand, were synthesized. The coordination behavior of 3 and 4 toward rhodium(I) complex was investigated. When 3 was treated with 1/2 of an equivalent of [RhCl(cod)]2 (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene), the corresponding chlorogermylene‐Rh(I) complex 5 was obtained as orange crystals. In contrast, the reaction of 4 with a half equivalent of [RhCl(cod)]2 under a CO atmosphere resulted in the formation of a five‐membered germarhodacycle 7. Compounds 3, 4, 5, and 7 were characterized using NMR spectroscopies and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complex 5 can be employed as a catalyst for the hydrosilylation and hydroboration reactions of diphenylacetylene, thus demonstrating the utility of germylene ligands comparable to those of NHCs in the major transition metal catalytic processes.
Properties of interconnected negative imaginary systems and extension to formation‐containment control of networked multi‐UAV systems with experimental validation results
Authors: Su Yu‐Hsiang , Bhowmick Parijat , Lanzon Alexander
Published: December 2023

This paper extends the properties of a positive feedback interconnection of two negative imaginary (NI) systems to multi‐agent NI systems and proposes a new formation‐containment control methodology relying on the characteristic loci technique. Inspired by recent applications of NI and passivity‐based control techniques in the multi‐agent systems (MAS) domain, a new formation‐tracking and containment control scheme is developed for a class of networked multi‐UAV systems. The proposed scheme offers a two‐stage and two‐loop control configuration where the inner loop uses a cascaded PID controller to ensure stable hovering of the UAVs, and the outer loop deploys a distributed “mixed” SNI and strictly passive controller to achieve the formation‐containment objectives. This scheme works with a dynamic output feedback control strategy; hence, it offers advantages when the full‐state measurement is not possible. In contrast to the well‐known Lyapunov theory‐based cooperative control schemes, the present one exploits the characteristic loci technique to prove the formation‐tracking and containment phenomena theoretically. The paper also provides experimental validation results on a fleet of Crazyflie 2.1 nano quadcopters.
The energy landscape of the ribosome
Authors: Byju Sandra , Hassan Asem , Whitford Paul C.
Published: December 2023

The ribosome is a prototypical assembly that can be used to establish general principles and techniques for the study of biological molecular machines. Motivated by the fact that the dynamics of every biomolecule is governed by an underlying energy landscape, there has been great interest to understand and quantify ribosome energetics. In the present review, we will focus on theoretical and computational strategies for probing the interactions that shape the energy landscape of the ribosome, with an emphasis on more recent studies of the elongation cycle. These efforts include the application of quantum mechanical methods for describing chemical kinetics, as well as classical descriptions to characterize slower (microsecond to millisecond) large‐scale (10–100 Å) rearrangements, where motion is described in terms of diffusion across an energy landscape. Together, these studies provide broad insights into the factors that control a diverse range of dynamical processes in this assembly.
The genomic and immune landscapes of gastric cancer and their correlations with HER2 amplification and PD‐L1 expression
Authors: Jing Xiaoqian , Luo Zhiping , Wu Jiayan , Ye Feng , Li Jianfang , Song Zijia , Zhang Yaqi , Shi Minmin , Sun Huaibo , Fang Yi , Jiang Yimei , Ji Xiaopin
Published: December 2023

Background

Anti‐PD1/PD‐L1 antibody plus human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody and chemotherapy have become the new first‐line therapy for HER2 overexpression‐positive advanced gastric cancers (GC), suggesting that HER2 and PD‐L1 play a vital role in guiding systemic treatment for patients with GC. This study aimed to depict the genomic and immune landscapes of Chinese patients with GC and investigate their correlations with HER2 amplification and PD‐L1 expression.

Patients and Methods

Next‐generation targeted sequencing and PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry were performed on tumor samples from 735 patients with pathologically diagnosed GC. The genomic and immune landscapes and their correlations with HER2 amplification and PD‐L1 expression were analyzed.

Results

The most commonly mutated genes in Chinese GC were TP53 (64%), CDH1 (20%), ARID1A (18%), HMCN1 (15%), KMT2D (11%), and PIK3CA (11%). Seventy‐six (10%) patients were HER2 amplification, and 291 (40%) had positive PD‐L1 expression. Classifying the total population based on HER2 amplification and PD‐L1 expression level, 735 patients were divided into four subgroups: HER2+/PD‐L1+ (4.5%), HER2+/PD‐L1− (5.9%), HER2−/PD‐L1+ (35.1%), and HER2−/PD‐L1− (54.5%). The HER2+/PD‐L1− and HER2+/PD‐L1+ subgroups exhibited dramatically higher rate of TP53 mutations, CCNE1 and VEGF amplifications. The HER2+/PD‐L1− subgroup also had a markedly higher rate of MYC amplification and KRAS mutations. The HER2−/PD‐L1+ subgroup had significantly higher rate of PIK3CA mutations. HER2+/PD‐L1− subgroup had the highest TMB level and HER2−/PD‐L1+ subgroup had the highest proportion of patients with microsatellite instability‐high than other subgroups. Furthermore, we observed that different HER2 amplification levels had distinct impacts on the correlations between PD‐L1 expression and therapeutic genomic alterations, but no impact on the prognosis.

Conclusion

The combination of HER2 amplification and PD‐L1 expression in Chinese patients with GC could stratify the total populations into several subgroups with distinctive genomic and immune landscapes, which should be considered when making personalized treatment decisions.
Vesicovaginal fistula associated with massive bladder calculi: An urogynecological case report
Authors: Sharma Muna , Karn Mitesh , Adhikari Hritika , Basnet Binita , Bhattarai Ishuvi , Chapagain Sachita , Pandit Chandika
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

In developing countries, VVF mainly occurs due to obstructed labor unlike developed countries where common causes are radiotherapy and malignancy. Due to social taboos, patients do not seek medical attention for problems like urinary incontinence and dysuria, thus presenting very late.
Navigating through Complexity: Optimizing Cathodes for Organic Electrohydrogenation through Coherent Workflows
Authors: Kräenbring Mena‐Alexander , Wickert Leon , Hansen Meinert , Sanden Sebastian , Pellumbi Kevinjeorjios , Wolf Jonas , Siegmund Daniel , Özcan Fatih , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Segets Doris
Published: December 2023

Electrochemical hydrogenation reactions offer a green and sustainable production pathway for both bulk and fine chemicals employed in the modern chemical industry. However, optimizing such systems can be tremendously challenging due to the number of variables that potentially influence the overall performance. The tailored and scalable electrode fabrication via catalytic inks can be especially difficult due to the complex interplay of material and process variables during the formulation of the inks and their deposition on suitable substrates. As a result, the significance of each variable must be systematically investigated to reveal the high‐impact and low‐impact variables, enabling rapid progression towards finding optimal conditions and parameters. In this work, we present an adaptable, coherent workflow to proficiently optimize electrode fabrication for electrochemical hydrogenation reactions with well‐adjustable experimental effort. Using the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene as a model reaction in a scalable zero‐gap reactor, we demonstrate the influence of deposition techniques, substrates, and catalyst loadings as well as the interactions of binders and additives on the electrochemical performance. Future works can greatly benefit from this coherent workflow as it enables direct comparability between datasets and functional, multidimensional optimization, hastening the rate at which new material systems are understood, reach maturity, and become industrially relevant.
Conformations and Rearrangements of Collinolactone – Experiments and Theory on a Dynamic Cyclodecatriene
Authors: Decker Rhena L. , Schray David , Pfeffer Heiko I. , Grond Stephanie , Wagner J. Philipp
Published: December 2023

Collinolactone A is a microbial specialized metabolite with a unique 6‐10‐7 tricyclic bislactone skeleton which was isolated from Streptomyces bacteria. The unusual cyclodecatriene motif features dynamic interconversions of two rotamers. Given the biological profiling of collinolactone A as neuroprotective agent, semisynthetic modifications represent an invaluable strategy to enhance its efficacy. Since understanding conformations and reactions of bioactive substances is crucial for rational structure‐based design and synthesis of derivatives, we conducted computational studies on conformational behavior as well as experiments on thermal and acid induced rearrangements of the cyclodecatriene. Experimental conformer ratios of collinolactone A and its biosynthetic ketolactone precursor are well reproduced by computations at the PW6B95‐D3/def2‐QZVPP//r2SCAN‐3c level. Upon heating collinolactone A in anhydrous dioxane at 100 °C, three collinolactone B stereoisomers exhibiting enollactone structures form via Cope rearrangements. Our computations predict the energetic preference for a boat‐like transition state in agreement with the stereochemical outcome of the main reaction pathway. Constriction of the ten‐membered ring forms collinolactone C with four annulated rings and an exocyclic double bond. Computations and semisynthetic experiments demonstrate strong preference for an acid‐catalyzed reaction pathway over an alternative Alder‐ene route to collinolactone C with a prohibitive reaction barrier, again in line with stereochemical observations.
Efficacy of Cobas HPV testing for predicting grade 2+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a cancer prevention center and a gynecologic oncology clinic: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Davaro Elizabeth , Tinnirello Agata A. , Bevers Therese B. , Milbourne Andrea , Bassett Roland , Stewart John , Guo Ming
Published: December 2023

Background

To evaluate the efficacy of Cobas human papillomavirus (HPV) testing to predict cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or higher (CIN2+), Cobas HPV testing results were correlated with follow‐up biopsy in patients from Cancer Prevention Center (CPC) and Gynecologic Oncology Clinic (GOC) of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Methods

Institutional data for patients who underwent Cobas HPV and Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology cotesting from 2019 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical follow‐up results were compared with Cobas HPV testing results in two populations.

Results

A total of 2226 patients, including 921 women (mean age, 55.2 years) seen at the CPC and 1305 women (mean age, 49.3 years) seen at the GOC, were included. Specimens from GOC patients had a significantly higher HPV positivity rate than did those from CPC patients (22.9% vs. 10.1%; p < .001). Cobas HPV testing was positive in all seven CPC patients with surgical follow‐up results showing CIN2+. Among 36 GOC patients with CIN2+ lesions, five patients had HPV−/Pap+ testing results. Although only seven CPC patients had CIN2+, Cobas HPV testing showed 100% sensitivity for predicting CIN2+ in this group. Sensitivity for CIN2+ was 86.5% in the GOC group, whereas 13.9% of GOC patients with CIN2+ had negative HPV testing results.

Conclusions

Cobas HPV testing was highly efficacious for predicting CIN2+ lesions in the low‐risk CPC population, which supports HPV primary screening for cervical cancer in low‐risk populations. For high‐risk patients, especially those with a history of CIN2+/cervical cancer, HPV/Pap cotesting may still be necessary to maintain a high clinical sensitivity for CIN2+.
Enabling the execution of HPC applications on public clouds with HPC@Cloud toolkit
Authors: Munhoz Vanderlei , Castro Márcio
Published: December 2023

The advent of cloud computing has made access to computing infrastructure available to millions of users that face resource constraints. In the context of high performance computing (HPC), public cloud resources have emerged as a cost‐effective alternative to expensive on‐premises clusters. However, there are several challenges and limitations in adopting this approach. This paper proposes HPC@Cloud , a provider‐agnostic open‐source software toolkit that facilitates the migration, testing, and execution of HPC applications in public clouds. The toolkit takes advantage of various fault tolerance technologies to enable the use of inexpensive transient cloud infrastructure, commonly known as “spot” instances. Also, it features integration with singularity containers, allowing users to run complex applications on virtual HPC clusters in a portable and reproducible way. Finally, it provides a data‐based empirical approach to estimating cloud infrastructure costs for HPC workloads. The results obtained on two public cloud providers (AWS and Vultr) show that: (i) HPC@Cloud can efficiently build virtual HPC clusters on the cloud; (ii) the new adaptive fault tolerance strategy outperforms other existing strategies based on blocking restoration; (iii) the integration of singularity containers into HPC@Cloud improves the portability of HPC applications to public clouds with negligible performance penalty to the applications; (iv) the proposed cost prediction approach can estimate the cost of running the applications on AWS and Vultr with up to 93% accuracy on average.
Understanding and improving resistance to Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) in US wheat using genetic mapping and molecular techniques
Authors: Melson Ellen E. , Ibrahim Amir M. H. , Drake David R.
Published: December 2023

Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) is a worldwide pest of wheat (Triticum spp.) causing significant yield losses. Utilizing resistant varieties of wheat is the most effective method of control, particularly in mild climates. The effectiveness of resistance genes is lost over time due to genetic diversity within fly populations, and most cultivars have only one resistance gene making them vulnerable to this loss of resistance. Thirty‐seven resistance genes have been mapped along with four Hessian fly response genes and 11 novel quantitative trait loci (QTL). The majority of these exhibit antibiotic resistance, but new research suggests two or more novel QTL are associated with a valuable tolerant response. Studies suggest that fitness costs associated with resistance can be overcome after the initial infestation, but this may not hold true with repeated fly attacks and should be considered when pyramiding genes. Several of these genes do show temperature sensitivity, which should also be considered during breeding. Resistance mechanisms include increased levels of salicylic acid, upregulation of oxo‐phytodienoic acid reductase genes and genes responsible for lipid and protein mobilization, and increased synthesis of polyphenols, among others. These mechanisms are part of an effector‐triggered response. Resistant genes and QTL with KASP markers for use in creating gene pyramids include QHf.hwwg‐6BS, Qhara.icd‐6B, h4, H7, H32, H33, H34, H35, and H36. GWAS has been used to screen large numbers of elite breeding lines for resistance to Hessian fly. Marker trait associations discovered through GWAS can potentially be used in creating gene pyramids with multiple pest and pathogen resistance genes.
Borohydride Ionic Liquids as Reductants of CO2 in the Selective N‐formylation of Amines
Authors: Pąchalska Paulina , Skarżyńska Anna , Matias Ines A. S. , Trzeciak Anna M.
Published: December 2023

Borohydride imidazolium ionic liquids, [IL]BH4, used for the first time as reductants in the N‐formylation of various amines with CO2, provided an excellent yield of formamides. Under the same conditions, 5 bar CO2 and 80 °C, NaBH4 produced a mixture of N‐formylated and N‐methylated products in a ratio of 1 : 2. An alternative approach, based on the addition of halide imidazolium salts ([IL]Cl or [IL]Br) to the reactions of amine with NaBH4 and CO2, resulted in a significant increase of selectivity to formamide. However, no effect was noted for [IL]BF4 and [IL]PF6. Monitoring the reaction course in time using 1H NMR brought about new insight into the role of BH3 in the reduction of CO2 and the functionalization of amines. The formation of N‐methylaniline – borane intermediate was evidenced.
A workflow for the enrichment, the identification, and the isolation of non‐apoptotic single circulating tumor cells for RNA sequencing analysis
Authors: Abramova Anna , Rivandi Mahdi , Yang Liwen , Stamm Nadia , Cieslik Jan‐Philipp , Honisch Ellen , Niederacher Dieter , Fehm Tanja , Neubauer Hans , Franken André
Published: December 2023

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are constantly shed by tumor tissue and can serve as a valuable analyte for a gene expression analysis from a liquid biopsy. However, a high proportion of CTCs can be apoptotic leading to rapid mRNA decay and challenging the analysis of their transcriptome. We established a workflow to enrich, to identify, and to isolate single CTCs including the discrimination of apoptotic and non‐apoptotic CTCs for further single CTC transcriptome analysis. Viable tumor cells—we first used cells from breast cancer cell lines followed by CTCs from metastatic breast cancer patients—were enriched with the CellSearch system from diagnostic leukapheresis products, identified by immunofluorescence analysis for neoplastic markers, and isolated by micromanipulation. Then, their cDNA was generated, amplified, and sequenced. In order to exclude early apoptotic tumor cells, staining with Annexin V coupled to a fluorescent dye was used. Annexin V staining intensity was associated with decreased RNA integrity as well as lower numbers of total reads, exon reads, and detected genes in cell line cells and CTCs. A comparative RNA analysis of single cells from MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF7 cell lines revealed the expected differential transcriptome profiles. Enrichment and staining procedures of cell line cells that were spiked into blood had only little effect on the obtained RNA sequencing data compared to processing of naïve cells. Further, the detection of transcripts of housekeeping genes such as GAPDH was associated with a significantly higher quality of expression data from CTCs. This workflow enables the enrichment, detection, and isolation of single CTCs for individual transcriptome analyses. The discrimination of apoptotic and non‐apoptotic cells allows to focus on CTCs with a high RNA integrity to ensure a successful transcriptome analysis.
Clinical phenotypes of cardiogenic shock survivors: insights into late host responses and long‐term outcomes
Authors: Soussi Sabri , Ahmadiankalati Mojtaba , Jentzer Jacob C. , Marshall John C. , Lawler Patrick R. , Herridge Margaret , Mebazaa Alexandre , Gayat Etienne , Lu Zihang , dos Santos Claudia C. ,   the French and European Outcome Registry in Intensive Care Units (FROG‐ICU) and CCCTBG trans‐trial group study for InFACT – the International Forum for Acute Care Trialists
Published: December 2023

Aims

An elevated risk of adverse events persists for years in cardiogenic shock (CS) survivors with high mortality rate and physical/mental disability. This study aims to link clinical CS‐survivor phenotypes with distinct late host‐response patterns at intensive care unit (ICU) discharge and long‐term outcomes using model‐based clustering.

Methods and results

In the original prospective, observational, international French and European Outcome Registry in Intensive Care Units (FROG‐ICU) study, ICU patients with CS on admission were identified (N = 228). Among them, 173 were discharged alive from the ICU and included in the current study. Latent class analysis was applied to identify distinct CS‐survivor phenotypes at ICU discharge using 15 readily available clinical and laboratory variables. The primary endpoint was 1 year of mortality after ICU discharge. Secondary endpoints were readmission and physical/mental disability [short form‐36 questionnaire (SF‐36) score] within 1 year after ICU discharge. Two distinct phenotypes at ICU discharge were identified (A and B). Patients in Phenotype B (38%) were more anaemic and had higher circulating levels of lactate, sustained kidney injury, and persistent elevation in plasma markers of inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and endothelial dysfunction compared with Phenotype A. They had also a higher rate of non‐ischaemic origin of CS and right ventricular dysfunction on admission. CS survivors in Phenotype B had higher 1 year of mortality compared with Phenotype A (P = 0.045, Kaplan–Meier analysis). When adjusted for traditional risk factors (i.e. age, severity of illness, and duration of ICU stay), Phenotype B was independently associated with 1 year of mortality [adjusted hazard ratio = 2.83 (95% confidence interval 1.21–6.60); P = 0.016]. There was a significantly lower physical quality of life in Phenotype B patients at 3 months (i.e. SF‐36 physical component score).

Conclusions

A phenotype with sustained inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and endothelial dysfunction at ICU discharge was identified from readily available data and was independently associated with poor long‐term outcomes in CS survivors.
Gallate and Indate Salts with Unsaturated Electron Withdrawing Groups
Authors: Porath Sven , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Hoge Berthold
Published: December 2023

The introduction of a number of unsaturated fluorinated and chlorinated substituents onto gallium and indium was investigated. Gallate, [GaR4]−, and indate, [InR4]−, anions with trifluorovinyl (CF=CF2), 1‐chloro‐2,2‐difluorovinyl (CCl=CF2), (E)‐pentafluoropropen‐1‐yl (E‐CF=CFCF3), 3,3,3‐trifluoropropynyl (C≡C−CF3) and dichloromethyl (CHCl2) substituents were synthesized and isolated as the respective tetraphenylphosphonium salts. The respective gallate and indate salts were characterized by various methods, including NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The generation of the respective organyllithium reagents, required for the syntheses of the gallate and indates, was performed starting from commercially available materials. This series of novel gallate and indate salts extends the chemistry of electron withdrawing groups to gallium and indium compounds.
Exploiting the synergistic effects of combined carbon‐based materials for rape drug diazepam electrochemical sensing: Application to simulated casework matrices
Authors: de Oliveira Borges Isabelle , Goularte Rayane Bueno , Vanoni Caio Raphael , Silva Lima Adriano Rogerio , Scheide Marcos Roberto , Zambelli Mezalira Daniela , Vitali Luciano , Stulzer Hellen Karine , Jost Cristiane Luisa
Published: December 2023

Diazepam (DZP), a long‐lasting benzodiazepine and controlled substance, is prevalent on the illegal market, notably as a date rape drug. This study presents a novel electrochemical sensor (CPE/GCPE/MWCNTs) for DZP determination in lab routines. Characterized through LSV, EIS, and SEM, the sensor revealed a pH‐dependent, irreversible reduction process at approximately −0.70 V (vs. Ag/AgCl(sat)). Optimization with SWV and 0.1 mol L−1 B–R solution (pH 1.0) produced a calibration curve spanning 1.49 to 21.5 μmol L−1. LOD and LOQ were 0.33 and 1.10 μmol L−1, respectively. Quantification in spiked samples exhibited no significant differences compared to HPLC‐DAD, endorsing the sensor for monitoring date rape drugs in forensic analysis.
Thermoelectric properties of La1.96Sr0.04CuO4 for energy harvesting and storage applications
Authors: Saif Mohd , Tripathi D.
Published: December 2023

The polycrystalline pellet of La2‐xSrxCuO4 with x = 0.04, has been sintered using the solid‐state reaction process. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) have been carried out for microstructural characterizations. The transport properties (electrical and thermal) of La2‐xSrxCuO4 for x = 0.04 have been investigated in the temperature range between 15 and 300 K with the aid of a closed‐cycle refrigerator (CCR). The DC four‐probe resistivity measurement confirms a decrease in resistivity with increasing temperature below 200 K. However, above 200 K, an increase in resistivity with temperature (metallic behaviour) has been noticed due to charge carrier localization. The Hall measurement conveys hole‐type conduction and phonon‐dominated mobility with carrier concentration ~1018/cm3, which lie somewhere between non‐degenerate and degenerate limit. The Seebeck coefficient also confirms hole type conduction and its temperature dependence can be explained in the light of the model applicable for mixed‐valence heavy fermions systems. The steady‐state method for thermal conductivity measurement has been employed. The plot of thermal conductivity (λ) as a function of temperature (T) shows a hump‐like structure at around 65 K, which may be attributed to an increase in the quasi‐particle mean free path. Further, the electronic and lattice (phononic) contributions to thermal conductivity have been separated using electrical conductivity data with the help of the Wiedemann‐Franz law. Our analysis confirms the phononic dominance in the thermal conductivity of the investigated sample. The figure of merit (ZT) estimated from the experimental data has a maximum value of 0.086 at 290 K and hence shows its inherent energy harvesting properties that can further be stored in a battery or capacitor.
A comparative effectiveness trial of functional behavioral assessment methods
Authors: Call Nathan A. , Bernstein Alec M. , O'Brien Matthew J. , Schieltz Kelly M. , Tsami Loukia , Lerman Dorothea C. , Berg Wendy K. , Lindgren Scott D. , Connelly Mark A. , Wacker David P.
Published: December 2023

Clinicians report primarily using functional behavioral assessment (FBA) methods that do not include functional analyses. However, studies examining the correspondence between functional analyses and other types of FBAs have produced inconsistent results. In addition, although functional analyses are considered the gold standard, their contribution toward successful treatment compared with other FBA methods remains unclear. This comparative effectiveness study, conducted with 57 young children with autism spectrum disorder, evaluated the results of FBAs that did (n = 26) and did not (n = 31) include a functional analysis. Results of FBAs with and without functional analyses showed modest correspondence. All participants who completed functional communication training achieved successful outcomes regardless of the type of FBA conducted.
Long‐term outcomes after endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal epithelial neoplasms in patients with severe comorbidities
Authors: Hamada Yasuhiko , Ikenoyama Yohei , Umeda Yuhei , Yukimoto Hiroki , Shigefuku Akina , Fujiwara Yasuko , Beppu Tsuyoshi , Nakamura Misaki , Horiki Noriyuki , Nakagawa Hayato
Published: December 2023

Background and Aim

Long‐term outcomes after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal epithelial neoplasms (CENs) in patients with severe comorbidities have not been clarified; the current study aimed to examine these long‐term outcomes and compared them with those in patients with non‐severe comorbidities.

Methods

We included 231 patients with CENs who underwent ESD between April 2005 and March 2023. Patients with comorbidities were categorized according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA‐PS). We conducted a propensity score‐matched analysis and compared long‐term outcomes of the two groups after ESD for CENs.

Results

Of the 156 patients enrolled in the study, 43 and 113 had severe (ASA‐PS III) and non‐severe (ASA‐PS I/II) comorbidities, respectively. The 1:1 propensity score analysis matched 36 patients with severe comorbidities to 36 patients with non‐severe comorbidities. After matching, there was no difference in the procedural outcomes of ESD between both groups. Regarding long‐term outcomes, the 5‐year overall survival rates after matching in the ASA‐PS I/II and III groups were 100% and 73.5%, respectively, and patients in the ASA‐PS III group exhibited significantly shorter overall survival than those in the ASA‐PS I/II group (hazard ratio 7.209; 95% confidence interval 1.592–32.646; P = 0.010). No colorectal cancer‐related deaths were noted in either group.

Conclusion

Overall survival after ESD for CENs was shorter in patients with severe comorbidities than in those with non‐severe comorbidities. Clinicians should carefully determine whether the benefits of CEN resection with ESD outweigh the procedural risks in patients with severe comorbidities.