bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of o-isobutyl-s-[(2-diethylamino)ethyl]-methyl phosphonothioate and the hydrolysis toxic product traces by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry
Authors:   Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Savel`eva E. I. , Leninskii M. A. ,   Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Vasil`eva I. A. ,   Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Karakashev G. V. ,   Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Samchenko N. A. ,   Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology
Published: March 2021

To date, chemical weapons in the Russian Federation have been completely destroyed. Former chemical weapons destruction facilities (CWDFs) are subject to re-profiling. The most important stage of this activity is to assess the safety of engineering elements of the facilities to find out whether they can be involved in national economy. The most toxic and persistent substance processed at the CWDFs was a V-series agent. The certified gas chromatographic methods previously used for control of residual amounts of this substance on the surfaces and in deep layers of materials were based on its conversion to acid fluoride on silver fluoride pads. The latter are no longer produced, and these methods are impossible to use. The use of liquid tandem chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) provided a direct determination of VR in the different matrices at the level of the toxicity threshold. At the same time HPLC-MS/MS method allows to determine the toxic acid formed by the hydrolysis of the P–O bond in the VR molecule. Previously no methods for the determination of this acid were available. A unified procedure for the sensitive target determination of VR (O-isobutyl S- (2-diethylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothioate) and its most toxic hydrolysis product S-[(2-diethylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioic acid in surface wipes and in deep layers of various materials is proposed. The method involves the addition of an internal standard (paraoxon) to the sample, extraction with methanol, concentration of the extract, and analysis by HPLC-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The detection limits of the analytes are close to their toxic threshold levels. Special emphasis in the procedure is paid to the reliability of identification of the analytes, which is of key importance in international investigations under the Chemical Weapons Convention.
A ‘‘EMPRESA NEGLIGENTE’’ E O ‘‘EVENTO ACIDENTAL’’: REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS PARA UM GRUPO DE EX-FUNCIONÁRIOS DA SAMARCO
Authors: Bortolon Paula , Martins-Silva Priscilla de Oliveira , Fantinel Letícia Dias
Published: March 2021

RESUMO O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as representações sociais (RS) da Samarco e do rompimento da barragem de Mariana (MG) para um grupo de ex-funcionários que aderiram ao Programa de Demissão Voluntária (PDV) da empresa em junho de 2016. Foi considerada a abordagem qualitativa como guia para a coleta e a análise de dado. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com dez ex-funcionários que aderiram ao PDV. As entrevistas foram transcritas e submetidas à análise inicial do programa Iramuteq. Posteriormente foram interpretadas a partir do aporte teórico da Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS). Os resultados evidenciaram que os entrevistados procedentes das áreas da operação e da saúde e segurança compreenderam o desastre como um fenômeno acidental e os entrevistados procedentes das áreas administrativas interpretaram o desastre como resultado de uma postura negligente da mineradora. O estudo mostrou a influência das diversas informações presentes na mídia, nas interpretações do fato por pessoas próximas (família e amigos) e na gestão simbólica por parte da empresa na construção dessas RS. A pesquisa contribui ao aprofundara discussão sobre a dinâmica de construção e (re)reorganização de RS em diferentes grupos a partir de um episódio marcante e as múltiplas influências presentes nesse processo.
Conhecimento e atitudes paternas acerca da importância do aleitamento materno
Authors: Bráulio Thaís Isidório Cruz , Damasceno Simone Soares , Cruz Rachel de Sá Barreto Luna Callou , Figueiredo Maria de Fátima Esmeraldo Ramos de , Silva João Marcos Ferreira de Lima , Silva Viviane Martins da , Gonçalves Gleice Adriana Araújo
Published: March 2021

Resumo Objetivo analisar o conhecimento e as atitudes paternas acerca do aleitamento materno. Método estudo descritivo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 220 homens-pais de lactentes com idades entre 30 dias a seis meses, vivenciando ou não o processo da amamentação e residindo no mesmo domicílio que o binômio mãe-filho. Os dados foram processados através do software IBM SPSS versão 23.0 for Windows®, sendo realizadas análises univariadas e bivariadas. Utilizou-se como instrumento um questionário, e para processamento e análise estatística a associação de variáveis. Resultados dos homens-pais estudados, 36,4% não tinham conhecimento sobre vantagens da amamentação, 48,6% não acompanharam as gestantes nas consultas de pré-natal e dos pais que exerciam atividade remunerada, 68,2% relataram auxiliar a mulher-mãe no aleitamento realizando atividades domésticas ou no cuidar de outros filhos. Conclusão e implicações para a prática evidenciou-se a ausência paterna nas consultas pré-natais e o conhecimento fragilizado quanto ao aleitamento, necessitando o desenvolvimento de estudos que evidenciem sua inserção e a criação de estratégias pelos profissionais de saúde para que esse processo seja vivenciado de maneira satisfatória pelo trinômio mãe-pai-filho.
O QUE A “HUMILDADE DOS OBJETOS” PODE NOS DIZER SOBRE A BELEZA NO RIO DE JANEIRO: NOTAS SOBRE UMA TRAJETÓRIA DE PESQUISA
Authors: Mizrahi Mylene
Published: March 2021

Resumo Neste texto discorro sobre a relação entre minha trajetória acadêmica e conceitual e a teoria, obra e trajetória de pesquisa de Daniel Miller. A partir de trabalho de campo junto ao funk carioca, com ênfase em sua dimensão estética e nas materialidades que o compõem, elaboro sobre a noção de “humildade dos objetos” e exploro o rendimento que as coisas “ubíquas” podem oferecer para a pesquisa em ciências sociais. Trago à tona a generosidade analítica e afetiva que marca minha interlocução com Miller e revisito o período correspondente ao doutorado-sanduíche, em Londres sob a supervisão do antropólogo inglês. Retomo, ainda que brevemente, as muitas teorias da materialidade que acionei nesse processo e que sigo explorando em meu percurso intelectual e acadêmico.
The digital Dasein of Chinese Rural Migrants
Authors: Wang Xinyuan
Published: March 2021

Abstract This paper sets out to acknowledge the radical possibilities in the way in which human existence is perceived and constructed in the digital age. A 15-month ethnography, focused on the use of social media among Chinese factory workers, is employed to create a conversation with philosophical thoughts on human existence and anthropological thoughts on objectification. Social media is more than a form of communication, or a technology, that facilitates the connection between different locations. By exploring the three layers of existential experience of Chinese rural migrants in the context of ubiquitous social media use, this paper suggests that we might start to consider the degree to which digital media is itself a place in which people actually live and feel at home. The acknowledgement of such place-making via the digital allows us to re-think the relationship between the materiality and digital possibilities for human existence and further explore the fundamental process of objectification through the lens of digital anthropology.
DIÁLOGOS COM DANIEL MILLER NO CAMPO DA COMUNICAÇÃO: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DAS PESQUISAS DO GP CONSUMO E CULTURAS DIGITAIS
Authors: Silva Sandra Rúbia da , Machado Alisson
Published: March 2021

Abstract The article reflects the research practices of the research group Consumption and Digital Cultures (Consumo e Culturas Digitais, Brazil) in view of Daniel Miller’s theoretical legacy regarding consumption and material culture in interface with studies in the field of communication and in particular of digital cultures. Through the critical appraisal of four theses and six dissertations, it demonstrates how we have been working with digital anthropology through the interlacement of different field researches that animate and pose challenges to empirical research. Our affiliation with Miller’s ethnographic lineage makes us pursue the argument that it is possible to understand the everyday consumption practices of the internet, social media and mobile devices as cultural genres elaborated in the lived experience and in the particular contexts in which digital media are used.
VELEJAR E DESCOBRIR: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE VAQUEIROS, CORPOS E LEMBRANÇAS
Authors: Pereira Renan Martins
Published: March 2021

Resumo Neste artigo, meu objetivo é analisar a produção de ‘prestígio’, reputação e memória entre vaqueiros do sertão de Pernambuco a partir de suas relações com o corpo, os animais e o território. Para tanto, demonstro que a exaltação de uma vida de sacrifícios e as tarefas concernentes ao ofício do vaqueiro resultam de diversas de suas práticas e de seus conhecimentos, mas também de sua habilidade retórica de narrar e reconstruir acontecimentos passados. Nas práticas denominadas ‘pega de boi’, vaqueiros, animais e caatingas surgem como seres em disputa, buscando triunfar uns em relação aos outros. Para analisar essas práticas, o material etnográfico ao qual recorro são narrativas de um ‘vaqueiro velho’ cuja particularidade no modo de confeccionar oralmente as suas experiências passadas expressa de uma só vez a importância do corpo, da memória e dos animais no cotidiano dos vaqueiros.
SOCIAL EXPERIENCE AND US MUSICAL THEATRE ON SÃO PAULO’S STAGES
Authors: Machado Bernardo Fonseca
Published: March 2021

Abstract At the turn of the twenty-first century, Broadway musicals began to be produced in many countries outside the United States. In Brazil, particularly the city of São Paulo, new laws, business interests, and the fascination of some artists with US productions converged to enable the creation of a new system of musicals. In this article I examine the social elements I consider fundamental to understanding the proliferation of musicals in recent years. My description focuses especially on how some actors orchestrated multiple procedures and interests to organize a unique and fertile setting that changed the city’s theatrical production. In the process, I explore theatre as an expressive form that acts as a thermometer of social desires and practices.
Computational Complexity of Computing Symmetries in Finite-Domain Planning
Authors: Shleyfman Alexander , Jonsson Peter
Published: March 2021

Symmetry-based pruning is a powerful method for reducing the search effort in finitedomain planning. This method is based on exploiting an automorphism group connected to the ground description of the planning task { these automorphisms are known as structural symmetries. In particular, we are interested in the StructSym problem where the generators of this group are to be computed. It has been observed in practice that the StructSym problem is surprisingly easy to solve. We explain this phenomenon by showing that StructSym is GI-complete, i.e., the graph isomorphism problem is polynomial-time equivalent to it and, consequently, solvable in quasi-polynomial time. This implies that it is solvable substantially faster than most computationally hard problems encountered in AI. We accompany this result by identifying natural restrictions of the planning task and its causal graph that ensure that StructSym can be solved in polynomial time. Given that the StructSym problem is GI-complete and thus solvable quite efficiently, it is interesting to analyse if other symmetries (than those that are encompassed by the StructSym problem) can be computed and/or analysed efficiently, too. To this end, we present a highly negative result: checking whether there exists an automorphism of the state transition graph that maps one state s into another state t is a PSPACE-hard problem and, consequently, at least as hard as the planning problem itself.
Kéregalapú hőszigetelő lemez tulajdonságainak javítása
Authors: Börcsök Zoltán , Pásztory Zoltán
Published: March 2021

Számos kutatás foglalkozik természetes anyagokból készül szigetelő anyagokkal, közöttük a kéreggel is. A kéregből készült lemezek fizikai és mechanikai tulajdonságai rendszerint rosszabbak az ugyanolyan körülmények között készült faalapú lemezek tulajdonságainál. Ennek a tanulmánynak a célja az, hogy megvizsgálja a Pannónia nyár kérgéből készült hőszigetelő lemez tulajdonságai rövid üvegszál belekeverésével, random elrendezésű üvegszál szövet, valamint üvegszálas háló és üvegszálas szőtt szövet felületre ragasztásával, illetve a felszín alá helyezett üvegszálas háló segítségével javíthatók-e. További vizsgálat során a panelek hővezetését próbáltuk javítani a kéreg forgácsok hőkezelésével. A cél sűrűség 350 kg/m3 volt, az elkészült panelek hővezetése 0,067 és 0,078 W/m·K közötti volt. A megerősítéseknek csak gyenge hatása volt a hővezetésre és a mechanikai tulajdonságokra. A hővezetést elsősorban a sűrűség befolyásolta, bár a nyersanyag előkezelése csökkentette a panelek hővezetését.
COVİD-19 SÜRECİNİN AKTİF ÇALIŞAN ANTRENÖRLERE OLAN ETKİSİNİN NİTEL YÖNTEMLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BÜLBÜL Alpay , OLCUCU Burcin , AKYOL Gamze
Published: March 2021

Covid-19 pandemi sürecinden geçmekte olan antrenörlerin gözünden sporcularının ve kendi duygu durumlarını araştırmayı amaçlayan bu çalışma, nitel araştırma türlerinden olan “durum çalışması” deseni ve “alan taraması” ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışma 2019-2020 yılında Türkiye’de bulunan ve rastgele seçilmiş olan antrenörlerin bulunduğu 20 şehir üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Şehirlerde bulunan antrenör sayılarının eşit dağılmasına bakılmaksızın veriler tamamen seçkisiz olarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmaya toplam 81 gönüllü antrenör katılmıştır. Araştırma verileri araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulmuş demografik bilgiler ve 5 açık uçlu soru yardımıyla toplanmıştır. Veri toplamak için oluşturulan soru formları, izolasyon döneminden geçildiği için “Google formlar” üzerinden düzenlenmiş ve yine mail, whatsapp ve çeşitli bilişim yöntemleri yardımı ile toplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; antrenörlerin covid-19 pandemi sürecinden oldukça olumsuz etkilendiği, bu süreçte sporcularının motivasyonunu yüksek tutmak ve fiziksel kapasiteyi oluşacak kötü etkilerden kısmen koruyabilmek adına antrenörler kendilerini “yaratıcı teknikler geliştirme durumunda” hissettikleri ve yine antrenörlerin Covid-19 dönemindeki zorlu şartlara olumlu yaklaşarak, “krizi fırsata çevirmeleri” gerektiği düşüncelerine sahip oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
ŞAKARİM KUDAYBERDİOĞLU VE KLASİK DOĞU ŞİİRİ
Authors: ABDİGAZİULI Baltabay
Published: March 2021

Yakın geçmişimize ait manevi mirasımıza baktığımızda yaşadığımız devrin izlerini görmeden geçmek mümkün değildir. O dönem, Sovyetler Birliği zamanıydı. Dönemin siyasi konjoktürü gereği bazı sorumluluklar toplumsal ve güncel yaşamımıza hatta hafızamızda o derece yerleşmiş ki, birçok alışkanlıklardan vazgeçmek oldukça zaman almıştır. Bunların arasında duya duya alışageldiğimiz Doğu kelimesinin özel yeri vardır. Bu kelime gerek anlam, gerekse de algı bakımından biraz abartılmıştır. Makalemizde, Doğu kelimesi etrafında toplanan kelime, deyim ve anlamlar üzerinde duracağız. Bu deyim Sovyet dönemi bilimsel literatürde Türkoloji, Sinoloji, Japonbilim, Farsbilim, Korebilim gibi sahaya göre yayılan ve son derece geniş anlama sahip olan bilimsel çalışma alanlarını da kapsaması bakımından dikkat çekmektedir. Avrupa kökenli milletlerin dışındakileri dikkate alacak olursak bunu yine Doğu sözüyle karşılamak icap eder. Böyle bir durum tesadüfi değildir, Türk adını ve Türk milletiyle ilgili ne varsa tamamını ‘Doğu’ kavramı etrafında yok etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu sayede Türk kültürü ve diliyle ilgili anlamsal ağırlığı geniş sahalara yayarak zayıflatmak esas amaç olmuştur. Ahmet Yesevi, Dede Korkut, Nevai, Fuzuli, Yunus Emre gibi ediplerin hepsi Doğu şairleridir. Benzer şekilde bunların arasında dünyaca ünlü Çin düşünürü Konfüçyus veya Tibetli Dalay Lama da yer alabilir, çünkü onlar da Doğu’lu olarak anılmaktadır. Makalemizde Sovyetler devri, hatta günümüzde de geçerliliğini koruyan ‘Doğu’ kavramının Türk büyükleriyle ilgili yönü ele alınacak, Kazakların tanınmış şair ve düşünürü Şakarim Kudayberdioğlu’nun eserleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Şakarim çalışmaları Fuzuli ve Orta Asır devri ünlü Türk sanatkârlarının eserleriyle karşılaştırılıp ortak noktalar üzerinde durulmaya çalışılacaktır.
HÜNKAR İSKELESI ANTLAŞMASINDAN SONRAKİ YENİ DÖNEMDE OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞUNU OSMANLI-İNGİLTERE İŞBİRLİĞİ İLE GELİŞTİRMEK (1833-1839)
Authors: DEMİRBAŞ Serkan
Published: March 2021

Mehmed Ali Paşa Sorunu ve sonrası mevcut İngilizce ve Türkçe literatürde her daim Osmanlı Devleti’nin güçsüzlüğü ve II. Mahmud’un içine düştüğü çaresizlik tablosu olarak tasvir edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte; Sultanla Valisi arasında sürecek olan (1831-1839) ve merkez açısından askeri olarak bir mağlubiyet serisi olarak görülebilecek bu uzun sürecin, aynı zamanda II. Mahmud’un ve devlet adamlarının diplomatik manevraları ve İmparatorluğu içinde bulunduğu zor şartlardan çıkarmak için Avrupalı devletlerle iş birliği yaptıkları, özellikle İngiltere, bir reform süreci olarak ele alınabileceği ise aşikar bir meseledir.
İşte bu makale II. Mahmud’un reformist karakteri hakkında kısa bir giriş yaptıktan sonra bütün ayrıntıları ile, yıl yıl, Osmanlı belgelerini bütün ayrıntıları ile kullanarak Sultanın ve devlet adamlarının, Hünkar İskelesi Antlaşmasından sonra oluşan yeni dönemde (1833-1839) en başta İngiltere olmak üzere, diğer Avrupalı devletlerle iş birliği içerisinde bütün alanlarda yaptıkları reform çalışmalarını en ince ayrıntısına kadar mercek altına almaktadır.
Testing and validation of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Older People with frailty and Acute Care needs (PROM-OPAC). v1
Authors: D van Oppen James
Published: March 2021

Aim: To refine, validate, and evaluate the early impact of a novel PROM instrument, the Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Older People with frailty and Acute Care Needs (PROM-OPAC).
Caregiver overload and factors associated with care provided to patients under palliative care
Authors: Silva Alice Regina Felipe , Fhon Jack Roberto Silva , Rodrigues Rosalina Aparecida Partezani , Pecchi Leite Mariane Thais
Published: March 2021

Objective. To identify overload and associated factors among caregivers of adult patients receiving palliative care.

Methods. Descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional study addressing 40 adults under palliative care and their respective caregivers enrolled in the Home Care System in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Data concerning the patients included demographic profile and Mini-Mental State Examination. A form was used to collect the caregivers’ demographic data along with the Zarit Burden Interview Scale, Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Coping Strategies Inventory.

Results. Regarding the patients, 84.2% were women, 52.6% were over 80, 65.8% had no partner, and 76.3% presented cognitive impairment. The caregivers were mostly women (84.5%), aged 56.67 years old on average, were the patients’ children (42.5%); had no partner (55%), and lived with the patient (77.5%). The mean score obtained in the burden scale was 28.78 points, 32.5% had stress, and 42.5% depression. Regarding coping strategies, the ones most frequently used were positive reappraisal (12.8), withdrawal (10.2), and problem solution (9.7). A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between time spent with care (days and hours) and escape/avoidance with overload. Linear  regression analysis revealed an association between being a woman (p=0.002), number of days spent with care (p=0.004), and depression (p<0.001) with overload.

Conclusion. Being a woman, spending more days providing care, and depressive symptoms were associated with caregiver overload.
Barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding support practices in a neonatal intensive care unit in Colombia
Authors: Abugov Haley , Ochoa Marín Sandra Catalina , Semenic Sonia , Arroyave Isabel Cristina
Published: March 2021

Objective. To assess breastfeeding support practices and related barriers and facilitators in a large Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal (NICU) in Medellín, Colombia, as part of a broader quality improvement initiative to enhance breastfeeding support.

Methods. A mixed-methods descriptive design was used to collect data on care practices and outcomes related to NICU breastfeeding support. Data sources included the Neo-BFHI’s self-assessment questionnaire of breastfeeding policies and practices, clinical observations, and a retrospective review of 51 patient charts.

Results. Of the 51 charts reviewed, 98% of the infants received breastmilk during their hospitalization but the majority (84%) also received formula and only 8% of infants were exclusively breastfed at the time of NICU discharge. All NICU staff received education on mother and baby-friendly care, and the unit complied with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk substitutes. However, resources to support lactation (e.g., access to breastfeeding specialists, breast pumps, written teaching materials for parents) were limited, and infants were only allowed to consume milk expressed within the hospital. Mother-infant separation, as well as staff beliefs and care routines, also limited important breastfeeding support practices such as skin-to-skin care and early initiation of direct breastfeeding.

Conclusion. The self-assessment questionnaire and observations revealed a high value for breastfeeding and a family-centered approach to care in the NICU. Key challenges to sustaining breastfeeding in the NICU included a lack of facilities for supporting parental presence, barriers to expression and provision of mother’s milk, and a high rate of bottle-feeding with formula.
Nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practices on use of restraints at State Mental health care setting: An impact of in-service education programme
Authors: Rentala Sreevani , Govinder Thimmajja Sunanda , Bevoor Prashant , Bevinahalli Nanjegowda Raveesh
Published: March 2021

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of short-term in-service education program in improving nurse’s knowledge, attitude and self-reported practices related to physical restraint use.

Methods. A quasi-experimental one group pre-post study was conducted involving nurses working at a tertiary mental health care setting, Dharwad, India. We provided 3 consecutive days of intensive restraint management education (total 6 hours-two hours per day) with a follow-up assessment after one month. The standard questionnaires on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding physical restraints were used as tools for measuring the impact of in-service education program. The program was conducted for a group of five to six nurses at a time. Teaching was done using lecture method, group discussion and demonstrations.

Results. Of the 52 nurses who participated in the study, 52% were male, 58.5% had a baccalaureate degree. The mean age of respondents was 33.3 years, the mean work experience was 6.7 years. The findings of the study revealed that the mean scores on the knowledge regarding physical restraints increased after the in-service education from 6.4 to 8.2 (p<0.001). The mean attitude scores improved from 18.5 to 23.1 (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in mean practice scores between pre and post-intervention phases (23.7 versus 25.4; p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between post-test knowledge, attitude and practice scores.

Conclusion. The in-service education program improved nurse’s knowledge, attitude and self-reported practice scores. This may lead to more effective restraints management by psychiatric nurses.
National Early Warning Score 2 Lactate (NEWS2-L) in Predicting Early Clinical Deterioration in Patients with Dyspnoea in Prehospital Care
Authors: Villanueva Rábano Raúl , Martín-Rodríguez Francisco , López-Izquierdo Raúl
Published: March 2021

Objective. To evaluate the ability of the NEWS2-L (National Early Warning Score 2 Lactate) scale to predict the risk of early clinical deterioration (mortality within 48 hours) in patients with dyspnoea treated by the Medical Emergency Services compared with NEWS2 and lactate in isolation.

Methods. Prospective, multi-centre study of a cohort of 638 patients with dyspnoea treated in the ambulance and priority-transferred to a hospital emergency service in the cities of Valladolid, Salamanca, Segovia or Burgos (Spain). We collected clinical, analytical and demographic data. The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality within 48 hours. The recommendations of the Royal College of Physicians were followed to calculate NEWS2. When NEWS2 and LA prehospital values were obtained, the two values were added together to obtain the NEWS2-L.

Results. Mortality within 48 hours was fifty-six patients (8.8%). The NEWS2-L scale obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) for mortality within 48 hours of 0.854 (CI 95% 0.790–0.917), at seven days of 0.788 (CI 95% 0.729–0.848) and at 30 days of 0.744 (CI 95% 0.692–0.796); in all cases p<0.001, with a significant decrease between the value at 48 hours and at 30 days.

Conclusion. The NEWS2-L scale was found to be significantly superior to the NEWS2 scale and similar to lactate in predicting early clinical deterioration in patients with dyspnoea. This scale can help a nurse detect these patients early, as part of their regular practice, and thus guide therapeutic efforts.
Karadağ’ın (Bursa-Balıkesir) bitki toplulukları
Authors: ÖZEL Nihal , ÖNER Hafize , AKBİN Gıyasettin , ALTUN Nuran , ÖZKAN Kürşad
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada Bursa ve Balıkesir illerinin arasında, Güney Marmara’da yer alan Karadağ’ın yakınındaki Kocaçay Deltası ve Yeniköy kumulu ile birlikte bitki örtüsü incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla egemen tür esasına dayalı olarak tüm dağ örneklenmiş, bitki toplulukları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 202 örnek alanda, 5 farklı vejetasyon tipi altında 28 farklı egemen tür topluluğu belirlenmiştir.
Estimations of the aerosols direct radiative effects in the atmosphere over Kyiv from the AERONET sun-photometer measurements in 2008–2019
Authors: Danylevsky V.
Published: March 2021

The article describes briefly the problem of the aerosols influence on the energetic budget of the Earth whole climate system and of the atmosphere particularly. The literary sources comprising such estimations are analyzed and aerosols basic properties are presented which are necessary to determine the quantitative estimations of the aerosols climatology effects. Basic terms and definitions are stated that are using to estimate the influence of the external and internal agents of the climate system on its energy budget. Basic features of the algorithms used to compute the co-called radiative forcing from data of the sun-photometer international network AERONET briefly described. The estimations of the aerosols radiative forcing obtained from measurements with the sun-photometer at the Kyiv AERONET site starting from 2008 are presented. Also the comparison of the Kyiv aerosol RF data to the aerosol RF data at some others urban regions of the globe are presented.
Hubble parameter and the potential of the cosmological scalar field
Authors: Zhdanov V. , Alexandrov A. , Stashko O.
Published: March 2021

We consider a homogeneous isotropic Universe filled with cold matter (with zero pressure) and dynamic dark energy in a form of a scalar field. For known scalar field potential V(φ), the Friedmann equations are reduced to a system of the first order equation for the Hubble parameter H(z) and the second order equation for the scalar field as functions of the redshift z. On the other hand, knowledge of H(z) allows us to get the scalar field potential in a parametric form for a known cold matter content and three dimensional curvature parameter. We analyze when the accepted model mimics the dependence H(z) derived in the framework of the other models, e.g., hydrodynamic ones. Two examples of this mimicry are considered. The first one deals with the case when H2(z)~ Ωm(1+z)3+ΩΛ, but Ωm parameter overestimates the input of the cold matter (dark matter+baryons). The resulting scalar field potential is V(φ)=a+bsinh2(cφ), where the constants a,b,c depend on the Ω – parameters of the problem. In the other example we assume that some part of the dark matter has a non-zero equation of state p=wε, -1<w<1. In this case H2(z)~ Ωdm1(1+z)3(1+w)+ Ωb+Ωdm2)(1+z)3+ΩΛ. The corresponding potentials are defined for positive values of φ. For both signs of w potential V(φ) is a monotonically increasing function with typically an asymptotically exponential behavior; though for some choice of parameters we may have a singularity of V(φ)on a finite interval. Then we consider fitting of the potential for w from the interval [-0.2,0.2] for three different values of Ωdm2 by means of a simple formula Vfit(φ)=p0+p1exp(p2 φ). The dependencies pi(w) are presented and the approximation error is estimated.
AVAILABILITY SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF ARMORED FACE CONVEYOR MACHINE IN LONGWALL MINING
Authors: Norouzi Masir Raziye , Ataei Mohammad , Sereshki Farhang , Nouri Qarahasanlou Ali
Published: March 2021

Since coal mining production systems are very complex, repairing equipment is expensive. If a system failure occurs, it will cause disturbances such as inoperable equipment, reduced operating time, increased production costs, and reduced equipment performance. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the availability of the coal mining industry more than ever. For this purpose, the Armored Face Conveyor (AFC) machine failure data was gathered over a period of 29 months from the Tabas Coal Mine. Descriptive statistics, trends, and serial correlation tests of the data were calculated. Then, the system’s mean and point availability were simulated. Based on the results, the mean availability (all events) and point availability (all events) at 360000 h are 96% and 95%, respectively. The mean time to first failure (MTTFF) of the AFC machine was about 23.61 h. The ReliaSoft Failure Criticality Index, ReliaSoft Downing Event Criticality Index, and ReliaSoft Downtime Criticality Index electrical equipping have the largest effect, whereas the main drive subsystem is the least important. Analysis showed that availability has a direct correlation to activity management and improvements in the quality, efficiency, and the product extraction.
Seismic Observations of Four Thunderstorms Using an Underground Fiber-Optic Array
Authors: Hone Samuel , Zhu Tieyuan
Published: March 2021

Thunderstorms are a common atmospheric phenomenon that cause abundant acoustic disturbances, which can interact with the ground surface, creating a link between atmospheric and solid Earth processes. This article reports seismological observations of four thunderstorms through the spring and summer of 2019, as recorded by the distributed acoustic sensing fiber-optic array (4.9 km) on the Penn State campus in State College, Pennsylvania. With a dense sensor array in the local region, we are able to construct the seismic full waveform response of the thunderstorm events (hereafter referred to as thunderquakes) and track the wave propagation across the array. We use a time-domain grid search to obtain the back azimuth and slowness of the waves, and a modified Geiger’s method to pinpoint source locations of the thunderquakes. Correlated with the time of the recorded signal, this data allows reconstruction of thunderstorm movement as well as offering measurements of the seismic velocity.
Challenges and Perspectives for Lowering the Vertical-Component Long-Period Detection Level
Authors: Forbriger Thomas , Zürn Walter , Widmer-Schnidrig Rudolf
Published: March 2021

For observations of vertical-component acceleration in the normal-mode band (0.3–10 mHz), the detection sensitivity for signals from the Earth’s body can be improved to levels below the Peterson low-noise model (PLNM). This is achieved by deterministic procedures that (at least partly) remove the accelerations originating from atmospheric mass fluctuations. The physical models used in such corrections are still too simple and fail at frequencies above 3 mHz. Anticipating improved atmospheric correction procedures, we explore the prospects of lowering the detection level. From recordings of excellent vertical-component sensors operated under exceptional site conditions at the Black Forest Observatory, we select time windows of very low background signal, for which all of the contributing broadband seismometers showed their best performance. Streckeisen seismometers of type STS-1, STS-2, and STS-6A, a Nanometrics Trillium T360, and the superconducting gravimeter (SG) SG056 manufactured by GWR Instruments take part in this comparison. Because of their low level of self-noise, the STS-1 and the SG056-G1 benefit the most from a correction with the best currently available improved Bouguer plate model for atmospherically induced signals at frequencies below 1 mHz. As far as we know, this is the first case in which the background level of a broadband seismometer could be lowered below the PLNM. At signal periods beyond the normal-mode band (investigated up to 12 hr), the gravimeters show the lowest level of self-noise, directly followed by the STS-6A. In the band from 0.3 to 10 mHz, the STS-1 has the lowest level of self-noise, which is at least 4 dB below the PLNM, directly followed by the T360 and the STS-6A. Sensors of lower self-noise than the currently manufactured STS-6A or T360 are needed before improved atmospheric correction procedures lead to a significantly lower vertical-component detection threshold.
Digital Preschool: Main Approaches, Problems and Prospects of Development
Authors:   Moscow City Pedagogical University, Chelysheva Yu.V.
Published: March 2021

the current trend of the education system in the world is personalization and digitalization, which requires a person to constantly develop, follow innovations, and improve their competencies. The article discusses the features of digitalization of education in the Russian Federation, including preschool education. The definition of the digitalization process, structural components and requirements for educational organizations are presented. The concept of “digital kindergarten” is considered, the ecosystem of digital kindergarten is characterized, approaches to this concept in preschool educational organizations are shown.
Problem of Forming of Musical-Performing Competency of Pedagogue- Musicians on the Base of Vanguard Works for Folk Instruments
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Anufrieva N.I. , Efremenko A.P. ,   Russian State Social University
Published: March 2021

the article highlights the problems of developing the teacher-musicians’ performing skills on the material of works of avant-garde composers for folk instruments and proposes ways to solve them. Folk instruments and avant-garde music are still perceived as incompatible phenomenaby many contemporaries, and educational programs in the field of training “Pedagogical Education” (profile “Musical Education”) inherit the traditional approach, which implies the mastery of folk instruments by performers, primarily the classical repertoire, closely related to Russian folk culture. As a result, avant-garde compositions for an accordion or guitar remain out of the attention of both university teachers and their pupils, future specialists in the field of music pedagogy and cultural and educational activities. Conclusions of the study: it is necessary to change the attitude towards folk instruments and the educational potential of avant-garde music for folk instruments; training programs require improvement in the content and composition of disciplines, among which the analysis of musical works and the art of interpretation deserve particular attention; in the teaching methodology, preference should be given to the problematic method and the practice-oriented approach.
Methodological Bases of Competence Preferences Necessary for a Vocal Teacher in the Formation of Vocal and Auditory Skills in a Modern Dissonant Sound Environment
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Aksenova S.S.
Published: March 2021

in the modern world, the problems of improving vocal pedagogy and methodological developments in the field of training future singers and vocal teachers should be considered not only from the point of view of the traditional classical school of singing described in the works of famous scientists, but also together with new information and communication technologies that have already firmly entered various fields of pedagogy and mass culture. It will be a mistake to oppose the fundamental vocal teaching methodology, which gives new generations of students a solid basis for the formation of vocal competencies, new pedagogical approaches in the field of hearing development using modern information and digital technologies. The task of modern methodist scientists is to combine classics and modernity, traditions and innovations in order to form new competencies among vocalist students, future performers and teachers.
Dairy Woes in Wisconsin: What about the Amish?
Authors: Cross John A.
Published: March 2021

Wisconsin has steadily lost dairy farms for decades, yet the number of Amish dairy herds grew both numerically and proportionately into early 2018. Facing low milk prices, the overall rate of loss of dairy farms in Wisconsin accelerated since then. During 2019, the state lost over 1% of its dairy herds monthly, losing two to three herds daily. The expansion of Amish dairying also ended. Between April 1, 2018, when Wisconsin had 1,160 Amish dairy herds or 12.9% of the state's total, and November 1, 2019, the state lost 165 Amish herds. Losses are continuing.This paper focuses on the impact of the departure of many Amish farms from dairying, relying on examination of dairy producer licenses and a survey of bishops and ministers in Wisconsin's Amish church districts. The loss of Amish herds of dairy cows is greater than the overall departure of the Amish from dairying, inasmuch as the Amish have nearly doubled their milk goat herds over the past five years. Those settlements producing milk transported in cans have been more likely to leave dairying unless their community operates its own cheese factory. Yet dairying is declining in most Amish communities, other than in several recently established settlements. Expanding involvement in growing produce and in woodworking were seen.
The Amish and COVID-19: A Media Survey
Authors: Wesner Erik
Published: March 2021

The Amish are a frequent topic of media coverage. The simple fact of Amish involvement often elevates a mundane story to a newsworthy one. Accordingly, the Amish received extensive coverage with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, I survey media output on the Amish and COVID-19 for the period of March to November 2020, drawing on conventional media stories covered on the Amish America website in addition to many others. I identify and analyze several common themes of Amish COVID coverage, including Amish attitudes toward the pandemic, negative reporting, and Amish responses to both the virus and the restrictions put in place to combat the pandemic.
Hypothermia reduction during neonatal transport in a tertiary care center in South India: a quality improvement initiative
Authors: Diggikar Shivshankar , Shalet Nirmala , S. Priya , Venkatagiri Praveen
Published: March 2021

Background: Each degree drop in target temperature at admission increases mortality by 28% in neonates. Maintenance of target temperature during neonatal transport and at admission will pose an enormous challenge in developing countries due to various factors. The objective of the study was to decrease the incidence of hypothermia in transported babies at admission by 50% from a baseline of 64% over 12 months period. Prospective cohort study by QI methodology.Methods: Neonates transported to NICU from March 2019 – February 2020 were included. A baseline data was collected retrospectively to determine the incidence of existing hypothermic babies at admission. Problems were identified using Fishbone analysis. Evidence-based changes were implemented as per local needs in the Plan-Do Study cycle (PDSA) cycles.Results: A total of 96 babies were transported (62 babies during implementation, 34 during the sustenance Phase) during the study period. The mean (SD) gestation and birthweight was similar in the two groups. The distance travelled in kilometres in the hypothermic group was significantly more 7.3 (5.5) compared to the normothermic group 4.1(3.8) (p,0.01). We reduced the incidence of hypothermia from 64% to 16% over 12 months from the time of implementation. There was no correlation seen noted between hypothermia at admission and gestational age (r, - 0.18), birthweight (r, 0.04), or distance travelled in kilometres (r, 0.02). However, there was a positive correlation seen between adherence to the ‘5 Point -protocol’ and admission temperature (r, 0.86).Conclusions: Thermoregulation during neonatal transport is a huge challenge especially in the Indian scenario due to multiple incorrigible factors contributing to its high incidence even in the best of the centres. QI initiatives is a way forward to deal with some of these aspects. Involving the nursing team who forms the core team of neonatal transport is imperative.
A case report on Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Berry Sapna
Published: March 2021

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome is a genetic condition that affects many systems of the human body. It is caused by a deletion of the band 4p16.3 and this deletion may be sub microscopic. Individuals affected by the syndrome have a special phenotype: wide bridge of the nose, widely spaced eyes, micrognathia, microcephaly, growth retardation, cryptorchidism, heart defects, hearing loss and severe intellectual disability. A familial translocation is seen in 5-13% of the patients. Other patients have de novo deletions, usually on the paternal chromosome 4, or de novo translocations in 1.6%. Prenatal diagnosis is possible. We are hereby reporting a case of 9 months old infant who showed delayed physical and neurocognitive development and a characteristic appearance, which led to the diagnosis of this genetic disease.
Study of clinical parameters, diagnostics and outcome in patients with acute respiratory illness in a tertiary care centre during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mahavar Sunil , Tyagi Princy , Agrawal Abhishek , Banerjee Subrata , Sharma Raman , Keswani Prakash
Published: March 2021

Background: We retrospectively analyzed and compared 98 patients admitted in Intensive care unit (ICU) with symptoms of acute respiratory illness (ARI) during the era of COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We examined patients presenting in emergency department of SMS Medical College, Jaipur between 3rd and 20th May, 2020 with symptoms of ARI who were tested for SARS-CoV-2. Among those hospitalized, we compared symptoms, vital signs, comorbidities, biochemical and hematological parameters including viral diagnostics. We determined differences in outcomes (ICU admission, interventions, acute respiratory distress syndrome and cardiac injury).Results: In a cohort of 98 patients with symptoms of ARI, 9 (9.183%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Patients were divided into group A and B based on SARS CoV2 RNA testing. Among patients with additional viral testing, no co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 were identified by PCR. FDP and d-dimer was positive in 44.44% patients in group A and 68.53% in group B. 11.11% mortality was observed in group A and 14.606% in group B. The most common complication of ARI observed in both groups was coagulopathy 33.33% in group A and 42.696% in group B.Conclusions: Presence of comorbidities, lymphopenia, elderly age and elevated NLR, TLC, PLR and LDH have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Tuberculosis was most common coinfection seen in patients presenting with ARI. ARI due to non-COVID-19 illness was more severe than due to COVID-19 and was accompanied by multiple respiratory and systemic symptoms and was associated with hospitalization.
Combined spinal‐epidural versus spinal anesthesia comparison of efficacy in terms of analgesia and motor and sensory blockade
Authors: Shah Akif Mutahar , Shah Aliya , Riaz Safura , Zaman Muzzafar
Published: March 2021

Background: This study was conducted on patients to compare efficacy in terms of motor and sensory blockade and prolonged time of analgesia between spinal and combined spinal epidural methods of anesthesia.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 60 adult patients of either sex belonging to ASA grade I and II, from June 2014 to June 2016 at Maharishi Markendeshwar institute of medical sciences and research, Mullana in the department of anesthesia.Results: The patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 30 each as defined in text, by a computer-generated number. Proper statistical methods were applied and results obtained. results were statistically significant p<0.05.Conclusions: The Combined spinal epidural technique has been described in the medical literature for use in general surgery, orthopedics, trauma surgery of a lower limb, and urological and gynecological surgery. With this technique, surgical anesthesia is established rapidly, saving 15-20 minutes compared with epidural anesthesia. Patients who received the combined technique had more intense motor blockade than those who received epidural anesthesia alone.
Pheochromocytoma related intracerebral hemorrhage, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Diwan Arundhati , Chavan Chandrakant , Jagtap Varsha , Dave Preeti , Karne Sampada , Mahajan Sumiran , Shah Nihal
Published: March 2021

Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine secreting neuroendocrine tumors that can cause intracerebral hemorrhage sometimes and can very rarely cause cardiomyopathy simulating hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. We report a case of combination of these rare clinical complications occurring in a patient with pheochromocytoma. This case illustrates importance of early recognition of classic symptoms of catecholamine excess in young patients with hypertension.
La migración desde una perspectiva de género: Ideas operativas para su integración en proyectos de desarrollo
Authors: Granada Isabel , Ortiz Paola , Muñoz Felipe , Saldarriaga Jiménez Andrea , Pombo Cristina , Tamayo Laura
Published: March 2021

La migración intrarregional además de sus múltiples dimensiones puede analizarse desde muchas perspectivas. En esta publicación evidenciamos cómo el género influye marcadamente en las motivaciones para migrar, los trayectos elegidos y/o la posibilidad de integrarse en el lugar de destino. La Unidad de Migración del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo en colaboración con la División de Género y Diversidad de la misma institución, exploran la relación entre género y migración partiendo de una reseña de la literatura académica, para luego identificar los retos, experiencias y prácticas regionales e internacionales; analizar las leyes y normativas vigentes sobre migración; examinar los datos estadísticos existentes y resumir las visiones de otros organismos sobre el tema. Asimismo, y después de observar cómo la pandemia del COVID-19 ha agudizado los desafíos para todos aquellos que se encuentran en condición de movilidad, y en especial para las mujeres migrantes, se estudian sus retos y se plantea una serie de recomendaciones que podrían ayudar a hacer frente a este escenario de mayor complejidad en contextos migratorios.