bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penyelesaian Sengketa Medis Antara Pasien Atau Keluarga Pasien Dengan Dokter Berdasarkan Ketentuan Hukum di Indonesia
Authors: Zaluchu Tiberius , Syaharudin Dhoni Yusra
Published: November 2022

Pembangunan kesehatan sangat penting sesuai Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Kesehatan sebagai hak asasi manusia diwujudkan dalam berbagai upaya, antara lain melalui penyelenggaraan praktik kedokteran dimana peranan dokter sangat penting. Dalam penyelenggaraannya kadang menimbulkan permasalahan yang berujung terjadinya sengketa medis. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: Bagaimana pengaturan penyelesaian sengketa medis antara pasien/ keluarga pasien dengan dokter berdasarkan ketentuan yang berlaku dan Bagaimana proses penyelesaian sengketa medis yang berkeadilan antara pasien/keluarga pasien dengan dokter berdasarkan undang-undang nomor 29 tahun 2004 tentang praktik kedokteran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Digunakan untuk mengetahui dan memperoleh gambaran menyeluruh dengan melihat fakta yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan sehingga dapat membuktikan permasalahan agar mendapat suatu jawaban yang ilmiah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Pengaturan penyelesaian sengketa medis yang telah ada saat ini masih tersebar dalam berbagai peraturan perundangundangan sehingga mengakibatkan adanya tumpang tindih pengaturan penyelesaian sengketa medis yang pada akhirnya berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakjelasan dan ketidakpastian dalam penyelesaiannya. Dan dalam hal penyelesaian sengketa medis yang berkeadilan antara pasien/keluarga pasien dengan dokter berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 29 tahun 2004 tentang praktik kedokteran diawali dengan melalui jalur Lembaga profesi kedokteran yaitu Majelis Kehormatan Etika Kedokteran (MKEK) atau Majelis Kehormatan Disiplin Kedokteran Indonesia (MKDKI). Apabila tidak selesai dapat dilanjutkan penyelesaiannya dengan lembaga non-profesi berupa:  Secara perdata (non litigasi dan litigasi); secara pidana atau secara administrasi/tata usaha negara. Penyelesaian non litigasi atau litigasi dapat dipilih sesuai dengan ketersediaan alat bukti dan kasus posisi atau fakta hukumnya.
Peran Notaris Dalam Transformasi Digital Dalam Rangka Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Indonesia
Authors: Nanda Dwi Rizkia  , Hardi Fardiansyah
Published: November 2022

Indonesia memilik beragam sumber daya genetic dan pengetahuan tradisonal yang berkaitan dengan sumber daya genetic yang melimpah dan bernilai ekonomis sehingga perlu dijaga kelestariannya dan dikembangkan agar dapat dimanfaatkan secara berkelanjutan sebagai sumber daya pembangunan untuk sebesar-besarnya dan kemakmuran rakyat, metode penelitian yuridis normatif, suatu proses untuk menemukan aturan hukum, prinsip-prinsip hukum maupun doktrin-doktrin hukum guna menjawab isu-isu hukum yang di hadapi, hasil penelitian protokol Nagoya merupakan perjanjian internasional dibidang lingkungan hidup dalam kerangka konvensi keanekaragaman hayati yang mengatur akses terhadap sumber daya genetic dan pembagian keuntungan yang adil dan seimbang antara pemanfaat dan penyedia sumber daya genetic berdasarkan kesepakatan bersama, permasalahan utama adalah direduksinya hak masyarakat atas akses dalam mendapatkan hak atas lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat, baik itu hak atas informasi, hak atas partisipasi, serta hak atas keadilan. Selain itu, terdapat kesalahan konsep dalam perumusan strict liability yang dapat berakibat sulitnya menjalankan konsep tersebut. Penghapusan pengecualian larangan membakar bagi masyarakat peladang tradisional berpotensi terjadinya kriminalisasi dan pemindahan beban pertanggungjawaban.
Pelangaran Lalu Lintas Oleh Anak Dibawah Umur di Jalan Tunjungan Surabaya
Authors: Rizki Agustina  , Agus Machfudz Fauzi
Published: November 2022

Fenomena pelanggaran lalu lintas yang terjadi di sekitar jalan Tunjungan Surabaya, tidak sedikit para pelakunya adalah  anak di bawah umur yang mengendarai kendaraan bermotor. Banyak remaja yang belum sepatutnya membawa kendaraan bermotor sendiri dan ironisnya masalah ini ditambah pengendara tidak mengenakan helm pengaman. Penegakan hukum bagi pengemudi kendaraan roda dua dibawah umur tanpa surat izin mengemudi telah ditetapkan dalam  Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 Tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa alasan para anak dibawah umur tetap mengendarai kendaraan roda dua padahal mereka sudah mengetahui bahwa hal tersebut merupakan pelanggaran lalu lintas dan upaya kepolisian untuk menangani fenomena tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif berjenis deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian, alasan anak dibawah umur tetap mengendarai kendaraan roda dua di jalan raya karena masih lemahnya pengawasan oleh orang tua dan kebebasan dari orang tua, serta minimnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat khususnya anak-anak yang masih di bawah umur.
Menuju Kota Tanjung Selor Dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah
Authors: Herdianto Dedi , Handayani Otih
Published: November 2022

Pembentukan wilayah diperlukan agar pemerintah semakin dekat dengan rakyatnya sehingga dapat mempermudah pelaksanaan tugas-tugas seperti pelaksanaan fungsi pelayanan kepada masyarakat, karena pemerintah pada hakikatnya dibentuk untuk melayani masyarakat sebagaimana pasal 18 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Tanjung Selor sebagai ibukota Provinsi Kalimantan Utara saat ini masih berstatus kecamatan tidak seperti pada umumnya ibukota propinsi di Indonesia adalah kota. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yang dilakukan dengan cara fokus pada penelaahan bahan pustaka atau data sekunder dengan menggunakan pendekatan Perundang-Undangan (Statute Approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (Conseptual Approach). Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pertama Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah pembentukan daerah baru dilakukan dengan cara Pemekaran dan Penggabungan daerah yang termaktub di pasal 32 dan teknis pelaksanaannya termaktub di Pasal 33 untuk Pemekaran Daerah dan Pasal 44 untuk Penggabungan Daerah. Kedua, Pembentukan Kota Tanjung Selor dengan cara pemekaran daerah akan lebih mudah jika dibandingkan melalui penggabungan daerah, dengan penggabungan empat kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Bulungan. Ketiga, Kabupaten Bulungan sebagai daerah induk, memiliki enam kecamatan dengan menjadikan Kecamatan Tanjung Palas sebagai ibukota kabupaten. Keempat, Penggabungan daerah untuk membentuk Kota Tanjung Selor sebagai daerah baru, akan mengalami banyak rintangan. Terutama untuk memenuhi persyaratan administrative maupun persyaratan dasar kapasitas daerah.
Pengaturan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham Dalam Anggaran Dasar Perseroan Terbatas
Authors: Anak Agung Ngurah Bagus Wiradhanta Adipranata
Published: November 2022

RUPS berhak memperoleh segala Wewenang eksklusif RUPS yang ditetapkan dalam UUPT tidak dapat ditiadakan selama tidak ada perubahan UUPT. Sedangkan wewenang eksklusif dalam anggaran dasar semata-mata berdasarkan kehendak RUPS yang disahkan dan disetujui oleh Menteri Kehakiman yang dapat diubah melalui perubahan anggaran dasar sepanjang tidak bertentangan dengan UUPT.       Pengaturan RUPS   Dalam PT diatur, Pasal 94, 102 dan Pasal 104. UUPT No.40 Tahun 2007 mengangkat anggota Direksi, serta menentukan pembatasan-pembatasan tertentu bagi Direksi yang memerlukan persetujuan RUPS Pasal 63 UUPT yang menyatakan RUPS mempunyai segala wewenang yang tidak diberikan kepada Direksi atau Komisaris Pasal 69, semua aktifitas termasuk persetujuan laporan keuangan dan pengesahan laporan keuangan serta laporan tugas pengawasan Dewan Komisaris dilakukan oleh Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham. Pasal 64 UU No.1 Tahun 1995 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Pasal 76 UU No.1 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, menentukan tempat RUPS. Ayat (1) menyebutkan, bahwa RUPS diadakan di tempat kedudukan perseroan atau tempat perseroan melakukan kegiatan usahanya, kecuali ditentukan lain dalam Anggaran Dasar. Tempat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) harus terletak di wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia [ayat (2)]. Jadi RUPS tidak dapat dilakukan di luar wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia, walaupun, umpamanya, perseroan terbatas yang bersangkutan 100% sahamnya dimiliki oleh investor asing
Europe: Geophilosophical Dimension. Glendinning, S. (2021). Europe: A Philosophical History (Parts 1-2). London & New York: Routledge.
Authors: Ilina Halyna
Published: November 2022

Review of Glendinning, S. (2021). Europe: A Philosophical History (Parts 1-2). London & New York: Routledge.
Revisiting Hegel’s Philosophy of Religion. Stewart, J. (2022). An Introduction to Hegel's Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion: The Issue of Religious Content in the Enlightenment and Romanticism. Oxford: Oxford UP.
Authors: Kravchenko Alexey
Published: November 2022

Review of Stewart, J. (2022). An Introduction to Hegel's Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion: The Issue of Religious Content in the Enlightenment and Romanticism. Oxford: Oxford UP
Facteurs associés à la symptomatologie anxiodépressive chez des femmes tunisiennes atteintes d’un cancer du sein
Authors: Karoui M. , Kamoun R. , Nefzi H. , Marrakchi N. , Raies H. , Mezlini A. , Meddeb K. , Ellouze F.
Published: November 2022

Objectifs : L’étude avait pour objectif d’estimer la prévalence de la dépression et de l’anxiété dans une population de femmes tunisiennes suivies pour un cancer du sein et de relever les données sociodémographiques, cliniques et de vie de couple qui leur sont associées.

Matériels et méthodes : Une étude transversale auprès de 100 patientes suivies pour un cancer du sein a été réalisée. Un questionnaire portant sur les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques, sur la vie conjugale et sur la sexualité du couple a été administré. L’échelle HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) a été utilisée pour le dépistage des symptômes anxieux et dépressifs.

Résultats : Un score clinique a été retrouvé dans 48 % des cas pour l’anxiété et 37 % des cas pour la dépression. Les patientes qui ont vécu une réaction négative de leur conjoint face à leur maladie et dont la relation de couple et la relation sexuelle ont été altérées présentaient des scores significativement plus élevés de symptomatologie anxieuse et dépressive. Une relation sexuelle non altérée était retrouvée comme facteur protecteur de l’anxiété et de la dépression.

Conclusion : Les résultats de cette étude mettent en évidence l’importance de développer des mesures spécifiques pour améliorer la communication et promouvoir la santé sexuelle au sein du couple en Tunisie.
Ways of Not-Knowing in Neoliberal Chile
Authors: Santo Diana Espírito , Murray Marjorie , Salinas Paulina
Published: November 2022

Through two significantly distinct ethnographic case studies, both based in Santiago, Chile, we argue for the need to attend to experiences which are not conceptualised by our interlocutors, or that remain ‘dark’ in terms of their ontological and representational properties. We point out that anthropology has been ill-equipped to deal with these ineffable margins, and point to conceptual arches which could be used transversally in what we call a ‘dark anthropology’. The two fields in question here are the ufological ‘absurd’ and early mothering experiences among low-income communities. What both have in common is that they defy anthropological figure-ground logics, where experiences are explained via their social contexts. We argue for an anthropology that can come to grips with non-linear, sometimes dark, socialities.

Sur la base de deux cas ethnographiques, tous deux situés à Santiago au Chili, nous plaidons pour le fait de prêter attention aux expériences qui ne sont pas conceptualisées par nos interlocuteurs, ou qui demeurent « dans l'ombre » en termes de propriétés ontologiques et représentationnelles. Nous soulignons que l'anthropologie n'est pas bien équipée pour appréhender ces marges de l'ineffable et soulignons des arcs conceptuels qui pourraient être utilisés de manière transversale dans ce que l'on pourrait désigner comme « anthropologie de l'ombre ». Les deux terrains abordent pour l'un, la question de l'ufologie « absurde » et pour l'autre le tout début de l'expérience maternelle dans les communautés à bas revenu. Ces deux situations ont en commun de défier les logiques anthropologiques fondés sur des faits où il est fait sens des expériences selon leur contexte social. Nous plaidons pour une anthropologie qui serait en mesure d'attraper des socialités non linéaires et parfois obscures.
The Sound of Difference
Authors: Eschenbrenner Céline
Published: November 2022

France re-established identity controls at its Italian border in 2015, leading ‘unauthorised’ migrants to cross the border by treading mountain trails at night. Mobility here occurs in low visibility. In this paper, I depart from sight as the preferred sense with which to grasp navigation and detection to explore the role listening plays in the making of alterity. Drawing from four months of fieldwork in the French–Italian borderland, I suggest in this article that unauthorised migrants are signalled as ‘sonic others’ by their attempt to remain silent. I also show that displacing alterity from the visual to the auditory makes room for creative mishearings: for identities to be forged in sound, and thus escape detection. As such, alterity may be more difficult to perceive by ear than by sight. Listening can reconfigure visual boundaries and invite us to wonder: what does difference sound like?

En France, les contrôles d'identité à la frontière italienne ont repris en 2015, ce qui a mené les migrants non-autorisés à traverser la frontière en marchant dans la montagne pendant la nuit. Leur mobilité est peu visible. Dans cet article, je mets de côté la vue comme sens privilégié de la navigation et de la détection pour mieux penser le rôle que l'audition joue dans la fabrique de l'altérité. En m'appuyant sur quatre mois de terrain passés autour de la frontière franco-italienne, je suggère que les migrants non-autorisés se signalent comme autres sonores à travers les efforts qu'ils déploient pour rester silencieux. Penser l'altérité comme étant audible et pas seulement visible peut aussi donner lieu à des formes d'invention ou de contrefaçon de l'identité qui permettent d’échapper à la surveillance. Le sonore, de ce point de vue, redessine certaines des frontières du visible, et nous invite à considérer les bruits que font nos différences.
AETIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS IN WOMEN WHO PLAN THEIR PREGNANCY
Authors: Taranovska О.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. In the structure of reproductive loss factors, the role of chronic endometritis is increasing that is obviously due to the persistence of microbial factors. However, the facts confirming the presence of intrauterine microflora and substantiating the appropriateness of antibacterial therapy of the above pathology are quite contradictory and prompt a detailed study of this issue.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the spectrum of the microflora of the lower genital tract and the uterus in women who plan their pregnancy to clarify the role of ascending infection in the development of chronic endometritis.

Subjects and methods. 87 women with histologically confirmed chronic endometritis (main group) and 13 women without this pathology (control group) were examined for the microflora spectrum of the lower genital tract and endometrial samples were studied by bacterioscopic, bacteriological methods and polymerase chain reaction.

Results. Pathological microflora in the cervical canal and vagina in women with chronic endometritis was detected in 75% that is 2.85 times higher than the frequency of the infection detection in women without this pathology (30.7%). The microflora was mainly represented in the form of polymicrobial associations. The spectrum of microorganisms in the cervical canal and vagina mostly coincided with those in the endometrial samples. Most often, Ureaplama spp. (63.2%), chlamydia (31.6%), mycoplasma (26.3%) were detected in the endometrium.

Conclusion. The study has emphasized the key role of ascending infection in the development of chronic endometritis and the need for sanitation of the lower genital tract during its comprehensive treatment.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRIGEMINAL NODE OF RATS WHEN CRYOPRESERVED PLACENTA IS INTRODUCED
Authors: Danilov O.D. , Shepitko V.I. , Yakushko O.S. , Stetsuk E.V. , Boruta N.V.
Published: November 2022

Cryopreserved placenta preparations have a unique composition of biologically active substances, which determines their multifaceted effect. The aim of our study was to investigate the morphological features of the trigeminal node of rats when cryopreserved placenta was injected.

The conducted experimental study showed that a single subcutaneous injection of cryopreserved placenta causes a reaction of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed of the trigeminal node of rats in the first two weeks of observation in the form of an expansion of the diameter of arterioles, capillaries and venules and an increase in blood filling, which indicates the stimulating effect of the components of the fetoplacental complex on the microcirculatory bed. The most pronounced phenomena were observed on the 7th day.

After transplantation of the cryopreserved placenta, the neurocytes of the trigeminal node had a large, well-defined light nucleus, well-defined cytoplasm, with deep chromatophilic substance, there were dark, smaller cells with dispersed Nissl substance, satellite cells, and nerve fibers remained intact during all observation periods.

The obtained data confirm the trophic effect of drugs of the fetoplacental complex. Our experimental study showed that a single subcutaneous injection of cryopreserved placenta causes a reaction of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed of the trigeminal node of rats in the first two weeks of observation in the form of an expansion of the diameter of arterioles, capillaries and venules and an increase in blood filling. The most pronounced phenomena were observed on the 7th day. The obtained data indicate the stimulating effect of the components of the fetoplacental complex on the microcirculatory channel.

After transplantation of the cryopreserved placenta, neurocytes, satellite cells, and nerve fibers remained intact during all observation periods.
ROLE OF SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS NF-κB AND NRF2 IN MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF BRAIN-INJURY INDUCED OXIDATIVE AND NITROSATIVE STRESS
Authors: Nazarenko S.M. , Kostenko V.O.
Published: November 2022

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of specific modulators of transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2 on indicators of oxidative-nitrosative stress in periodontal soft tissues in the early post-traumatic period after experimental model of moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). The experiment was conducted on 20 white male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g, divided into 4 groups: the 1st (pseudo-traumatized animals, control 1) exposed to the same manipulations (ether anaesthesia, fixation) as in the experimental series, with the exception of TBI modelling; the 2nd group – after TBI modelling (control 2); animals of the 3rd and 4th groups following the TBI modelling received intraperitoneal injections of modulators of transcription factors for 7 days: the inhibitor of NF-κB nuclear translocation ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in a dose of 76 mg/kg and the inducer of the transcription factor Nrf2 dimethyl fumarate in a dose of 15 mg/kg in 10 % dimethylsulfoxide solution, respectively. The study has shown that at the end of the early post-traumatic period (on the 7th day), the modelled TBI is accompanied by the development of oxidative-nitrosative stress in the soft tissues of the periodontium that is confirmed by an increase in the production of the superoxide anion radical by all its main sources (microsomes, mitochondria and leukocyte NADPH oxidase), an elevation in NO-synthase activity due to the inducible isoenzyme whilst under the decreased activity of the constitutive isoform with its transition to the uncoupled state, and a growth in the concentration of peroxynitrite. The introduction of specific modulators of the transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2 (ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and dimethylfumarate, respectively) after TBI modelling significantly reduces the signs of oxidative-nitrosative stress in the periodontal soft tissues at the end of the early post-traumatic period (on the 7th day): it restricts the production of the superoxide anion radical, reduces NO-synthase activity due to the inducible isoform of this enzyme, enhances the activity and coupling of cNOS, and decreases the concentration of peroxynitrite.
ACUTE PRIMARY EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION IN 8-MONTH-OLD CHILD: CASE REPORT
Authors: Fesenko M. Yе. , Scherban O.A. , Zyuzina L.S. , Kaliuzhka O.O. , Fastovets M. M.
Published: November 2022

This article highlights the difficulties in diagnosis and features of the course of acute primary Epstein-Barr virus infection in an infant. A clinical case of an 8-month-old child with this disease is presented. Primary infection with the Epstein-Barr virus in young children is often characterized by a subclinical course or may be asymptomatic. Peculiarities of acute primary Epstein-Barr virus infection in the child are manifested by purulent-necrotic angina, secondary thrombocytopenia, anaemia of the 1st degree (with minimal changes on the part of the lymph nodes, the absence of hepatosplenomegaly) under the dysfunction of the immune system (age-related immunodeficiency condition). The latter cause and the failure to obtain specific maternal antibodies with breast milk (the child is kept on artificial feeding) have resulted in the severe course of this disease. Immature adaptation mechanisms of the mucous membranes of children lead to the phenomena of dysbiosis in the form of an imbalance of different degrees of severity of the disease. The final diagnosis of the child is based on the isolation of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in the blood serum during the polymerase chain reaction. The child requires dynamic monitoring from a paediatrician and cardiologist that enables to select effective measures to manage the disease and to assess physical development.
EFFECT OF CURCUMIN ON NITRIC OXIDE SYSTEM IN SKELETAL MUSCLES OF RATS EXPOSED TO EXPERIMENTAL METABOLIC SYNDROME UNDER ROUND-THE-CLOCK LIGHTING
Authors: Frenkel Yu.D. , Cherno V.S. , Kostenko V.O.
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the polyphenol curcumin on the indicators of the nitric oxide system in the skeletal muscles of rats under experimental metabolic syndrome (MS) and 24-hour lighting exposure. The experiments were performed on 21 male white Wistar rats weighing 215-255 g. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 7 animals in each. The animals of the 1st group (control I) were kept on a standard vivarium diet under regular alternation of light / dark periods. The rats of the 2nd group were subjected to experimental diet-induced MS (a 2-month carbohydrate-lipid diet including 20% aqueous fructose solution for drinking and appropriate food) under the 24-hour lighting (control II). The rats of the 3rd group received curcumin intragastrically through a gavage in a dose of 200 mg/kg daily during the 24-hour lighting exposure. The activity of total NO-synthase (NOS), its constitutive and inducible isoforms (cNOS, iNOS), the peroxynitrite content in alkaline and alkaline earth metals were determined in the homogenate of femoral muscles. The administration of curcumin under the experimental conditions probably reduced the total NOS activity by 39.7% and iNOS activity by 44.6% in the femoral muscle homogenate compared to the respective values of control II. Under these conditions, cNOS activity increased in 3.42 times, and its coupling index increased in 5.8 times compared to control II. The peroxynitrite concentration of alkaline and alkaline earth metals decreased by 25.1%. We can suggest that the administration of curcumin to rats under the experimental metabolic syndrome and the round-the-clock lighting exposure significantly affects the indicators of the nitric oxide system in the tissue of the femoral muscles, and in particular, it removes the imbalance of cNOS / iNOS activity, and improves the cNOS coupling that is accompanied by reducing the concentration of highly toxic active forms of nitrogen – peroxynitrites.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SOME BODY ORGANS UNDER THE IMPACT OF FOOD ADDITIVES
Authors: Babenko V.I. , Starchenko I.I. , Filenko B.M. , Royko N.V. , Proskurnya S.A.
Published: November 2022

Food additives are quite widely used in different countries worldwide. They include emulsifiers, antioxidants, dyes, and corrective substances. In Ukraine, about 500 substances are allowed to be use in the food industry; they are labelled with the letter "E" and the corresponding number and even are approved by the European Community. Food additives are divided into additives of natural origin and chemically synthesized. For safe use, each substance must undergo experimental or clinical studies and have an evidence base for the absence of carcinogenicity, acute and chronic toxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and gonadotropic properties. To date, not all food additives or their compounds have been studied sufficiently in relation to their impact on the human body. According to the analysis of modern foreign and domestic sources, those substances used in the wide field of food technologies and not having clear indicators on permissible dosage were selected: monosodium glutamate, ponso-4R and sodium nitrite. Data on the effects of long-term consumption of monosodium glutamate, which has a toxic effect on salivary glands, dental tissues, liver, pancreas, colon, female and male reproductive systems, were analyzed. A separate analysis of studies on the combined effect of monosodium glutamate, ponso-4R and sodium nitrite on the liver and organs of the oral cavity was carried out. The results of the study indicate the occurrence of fatty and hydropic dystrophy of hepatocytes, the appearance of "dark hepatocytes" and an increase in the relative amount of the stromal component. Changes are also seen in the salivary and protein mucous glands of the oral cavity. Thus, having analyzed the experimental studies of modern scientists, we have found out that not all food additives allowed to be used in Ukraine are completely safe. Both individual substances and their combinations lead to significant morphological changes in various organs and systems. The impact of dietary supplements on the female and male reproductive systems is remaining one of the least studied areas. Therefore, there is a need for further research in order to minimize disorders of the functions of the reproductive system and infertility.
ROLE OF LOCAL PROBIOTICS AS NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACH IN TREATMENT OF SKIN DISEASES
Authors: Bezeha O.V. , Yemchenko Ya.O. , Vasylyeva K.V. , Popova I.B.
Published: November 2022

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when taken in the right amount, help maintain a healthy state of the body. Natural microorganisms usually make up first-generation probiotics, while genetically engineered strains are secondary probiotics. The importance of microorganisms to human health dates back to the era when Louis Pasteur first discovered the importance of fermentation and drew attention to the fact that consuming fermented foods could be beneficial for health and longevity. Oral and topical probiotics are used to treat skin conditions. Microorganisms live inside our body, both in the intestines and on the skin. Commensal bacteria play a vital role in human health; they also help maintain a healthy immune system. The skin microbiome consists of several types of microorganisms. Any imbalance of these microorganisms leads to skin diseases. Probiotics are well known for their clinical use in certain skin diseases, and probiotic bacterial therapy may have great potential in the prevention and treatment of several skin diseases [3]. Studies have established a link between a disrupted gut microbiome and inflammatory skin diseases, thereby increasing the potential of oral probiotics as a treatment option for skin disorders [4]. However, there is very little information and clinical studies that have examined the effectiveness of topical probiotic products. The use of probiotic bacteria can help strengthen the skin natural barrier by having a direct effect at the site of application. This may be due to resident bacteria and probiotic bacteria that produce certain antimicrobial aminopeptides that promote the skin's immune response and help eliminate pathogens. Some cosmetic preparations can contribute to the maintenance of a normal skin microbiome, being selective in their activity [5]. Topical probiotics have been known to be used to support a healthy skin microbiome since the early 20th century, and the last decade has seen a dramatic increase in commercially available topical probiotics [6]. However, despite the growing popularity of these topical agents, there are currently insufficient clinical efficacy trials to establish their clinical efficacy, so we aimed to write a detailed review on the use of probiotics in the treatment of skin diseases. In our article, we have detailed information about the normal skin microbiome, various skin disorders, and the topical probiotics commonly used to treat these skin conditions.
EFFECT OF POLYMORPHIC VARIANTS OF AGT2R1 GENE ON HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS IN PREMATURE CHILDREN
Authors: Cherniavska Yu.I.
Published: November 2022

Relevance. Maintaining hemodynamic in premature infants who are being treated in intensive care units is one of the significant challenges in the practice of modern neonatologists and intensivists. The study of AGT2R1 gene polymorphism can help predict the course of organ dysfunction and prevent the development of adverse clinical consequences.

The aim is to study the effect of AGT2R1 gene polymorphism on hemodynamic parameters in premature children with bacterial infections.

Subjects and methods. A prospective cohort study included 143 prematurely born children with bacterial infections: main groups (n=40) had arterial hypotension, control group (n=103) had no arterial hypotension. All patients underwent a standard complex of clinical and laboratory research methods and PCR in order to investigate the A1166C polymorphism of the AGT2R1 gene.

Results. The study has revealed that the CC genotype of AGT2R1 occur significantly more often in premature children with arterial hypotension than in the control group (OR 10.17, p=0.027). As a result of intragroup analysis among the infants with arterial hypotension, stratified according to polymorphic variants of the AGT2R1 gene, we did not find any significant differences in medico-demographic indicators, the frequency of resuscitation measures, hemodynamic indicators. However, prematurely born children with AC+CC genotype compared to carriers of the AA variant genotype had a lower cardiac index (4.5 vs. 3.5 ml/min*m2, p=0.04), which indicates the influence of myocardial dysfunction on the occurrence arterial hypotension

Conclusion. A1168C polymorphism of the AGT2R1 gene affects the hemodynamic disorders in premature children with bacterial infections. Further multifaceted studies on a larger sample of patients are required to confirm this hypothesis.
OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF ERYTHROCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF THE DISEASE
Authors: Bereznyakov V. I.
Published: November 2022

Community-acquired pneumonia is remaining one of the most common diseases in the world. The high morbidity and mortality rates establish the necessity for further in-depth research into the mechanisms of the development and progression of the disease, finding ways to optimize diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study is to investigate indicators of the oxidative metabolism of erythrocytes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and to evaluate its significance in the pathogenesis of the disease. Participants and methods: the study involved 20 adult patients suffering from community-acquired pneumonia, who took the course of treatment at the therapeutic department of the City Clinical Hospital No. 25, Kharkiv. The diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia was established on the basis of epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings. All indicators were compared with the findings in the group of healthy individuals. A comparative analysis of the content of carbonyl derivatives, the level of malondialdehyde, and membrane-bound haemoglobin was carried out. We revealed the presence of intracellular oxidative stress in erythrocytes of the patients with community-acquired pneumonia that leads to damage to their membranes and the release of hemoglobin into the blood plasma. Conclusion. Oxidative metabolism provokes an impairment of redox reactions in the blood plasma and contributes to the progression of the disease. Hypoxia, which develops during community-acquired pneumonia, aggravates the course of the disease and worsens the prognosis for recovery. The obtained results allow us to recommend the addition of antihypoxic agents to the traditional antibacterial therapy of community-acquired pneumonia.
ROLE OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN ASSESSING EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT OF PURULENT WOUNDS IN SOFT TISSUES
Authors: Gorodova-Andreeva T. V. , Liakhovsky V. I. , Sydorenko A. V.
Published: November 2022

Treating purulent wounds of soft tissues using negative pressure has been in the focus of recent medical studies. Among various biochemical indicators, the dynamic changes in the content of C reactive protein (CRP) have not been sufficiently studied yet, and the correlation between the CRP and the application of physical methods of treatment of purulent wounds is still not studied well. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in CRP indicators in the blood serum in patients with purulent wounds of soft tissues of various localizations during the treatment using vacuum therapy.

Subjects and methods. 89 patients with purulent wounds of soft tissues of various localization participated in the retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups: I group included patients who received vacuum therapy with instillations of L-arginine under the course of standard treatment (n=44), and II group included patients who received standard vacuum therapy (n =45). Blood samples were taken from patients of both groups to determine the CRP content before surgery and in 5 and 9 days after the beginning of the treatment.

Results. At the first stage of the study, CRP values in the blood serum of all patients averaged 90.4±4.73 mg/l, and at the second stage in 5 days after the first course of vacuum therapy,  there was a slight decrease in CRP values which on average were equal to 61.9±3.98 mg/l (p>0.05). At the third stage (after the second course of vacuum therapy, in after 9 days of the treatment), the CRP level decreased compared to the first and second stages and was on average 32.91±3.28 mg/l (р=0.01). In I group of patients, the average CRP level at the first stage was 90.14±4.22 mg/l, and in the second group – 95.66±5.03 mg/l (p>0.05). The CRP content at the 2nd stage in the patients of I group was on average 39.85±4.81 mg/l and 84.13±4.58 mg/l in the patients of II group (p>0.05). At the 3rd stage of the treatment, the average level of CRP was equal to: 12.61±3.27 mg/l in patients of I group and 53.22±3.49 mg/l in patients of II group (р<0.05).

Conclusion. Control of the level of C-reactive protein in blood serum is one of the objective laboratory criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment in patients with purulent wounds of soft tissues of different localization when applying vacuum therapy.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO PREVENTION OF OBSTETRIC HEMORRHAGE DURING ABDOMINAL DELIVERY IN WOMEN WITH PLACENTATION ABNORMALITIES AND HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS
Authors: Dobrovolska L.M. , Likhachov V.K. , Vaschenko V.L. , Taranovska О.О. , Makarov О.H.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The leading factor of obstetric haemorrhage is disrupted uterine contractility. Therefore, at a high risk of obstetric haemorrhage, uterotonic drugs and vasoconstrictors are used immediately after deliverу of a baby. However, the use of ergometrine, carbetocin, and terlipressin can lead to rise in blood pressure that should not be contraindicated for women with preeclampsia.

The purpose of this study is a search for preventive methods, which ensure the reduction of the frequency of massive obstetric blood loss during caesarean section in women with abnormal placenta ion and hypertensive disorders.

Materials and methods. We compared the intraoperative volume of blood loss in 18 women of the main group with abnormal placentation and hypertensive disorders (who received prophylactic devascularization of the uterus) and in 35 women of the comparison group with abnormal placentation, but without hypertension (who received 100 µg of carbetocin intravenously during caesarean section).

Results. No significant difference in the volume of blood loss between women of both groups during both urgent and planned childbirth was noted, despite the fact that the risk of massive blood loss in the main group was significantly higher due to the presence of hypertensive conditions in such women. In the patients of the main group (after devascularization of the uterus), already on day 5 of the postoperative period, the blood flow in the uterine arteries restored and did not differ from that in the patients of the comparison group.

Conclusion. The technique of devascularization of the uterus in patients with placenta previa and hypertensive conditions can be recommended for the prevention of obstetric haemorrhage.
CHANGES IN RETINAL MICROCIRCULATION ACCORDING TO FINDINGS OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY-ANGIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS AFTER RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Ivanchenko A. , Bezkorovayna I.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of retinal microcirculation according to OCT -а in patients operated on for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment without macular detachment and with macular detachment. Subjects and Methods: having been checked for inclusion / exclusion criteria eligibility, 116 patients were included in this prospective study: 65 patients after the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment without macular detachment and 51 patients after the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with macular detachment. Using OCT-а, we analyzed the size of the foveal avascular zone, the density of superficial vessels and the density of deep vessels, the density of choriocapillary vessels in eyes with RRD without detached macula and with detached macula, and then evaluated their correlation with functional and anatomical results through 1.3, 6 and 12 months following the surgical treatment.

Results. In the group without macular detachment, the best-corrected visual acuity improved (on average from 1.02 ± 0.76 to 1.45 ± 0.57) logMAR compared to the initial level, the patients had a lower density of deep vessels in the parafoveal region 58.51-61.35. In the group with macular detachment, the best corrected visual acuity was on average from 0.26 ± 0.28 to 0.33 ± 0.30 logMAR, the patients had a lower average density of superficial vessels in the parafoveal zone 48.81-53.42, a lower average density of deep vessels in the foveal 56.89-60.12 and parafoveal zones 59.98-62.30.

Conclusion. In rhegmatogenous retinal detachment without macular detachment, the final best-corrected visual acuity is related to the parafoveal density of deep vessels (r = − 0.340, p = 0.010). In rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with macular detachment, the best-corrected visual acuity is associated with the foveal density of superficial vessels (r = − 0.451, p = 0.005) and the parafoveal density of deep vessels (r = − 0.418, p = 0.010). When comparing retinal vessels after successful repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment without macular detachment and with macular detachment, both study groups had lower vessel density compared to paired eyes (r = − 0.402, p = 0.006).
ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT AND PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS AND COMORBIDITY
Authors: Ishcheykina Yu.O. , Tkachenko M.V. , Babanina M.Yu. , Volchenko H.V. , Kyrian O.A.
Published: November 2022

At the current stage of medical science, the effectiveness of treatment depends not only on the professionalism of physicians, but also on the responsibility of the patients themselves. Low adherence has been proven to be a significant cause of the reduced therapy effectiveness and quality of life, increased risk of complications and treatment costs, worsening of disease prognosis, and reduced patient life expectancy. According to WHO reports, more than 250 factors can influence the adherence to the treatment. Until now, no "gold standard" has been developed for the assessment of adherence to treatment. Patients with psoriasis typically face social stigmatization and rejection, with subsequent profound effects on self-confidence, self-esteem, and feeling of psycho-emotional discomfort. Comorbidity of arthritis affects the psycho-emotional status of patients even more seriously. The purpose of the study is to analyze the psycho-emotional state, adherence to treatment, medical support and recommendations for lifestyle modification in patients with erosive form of psoriatic arthritis comorbidity. 60 patients with a reliable diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis and comorbid pathology were included in the study. Patients with psoriatic arthritis and comorbidity had mainly an average level of adherence to medication, medical support, and a low level of adherence to recommendations for lifestyle modifications. Taking oral glucocorticosteroids was associated with high adherence to drug therapy, while low adherence to medical care was associated with psychoemotional disorders such as anxiety and depression.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF REHABILITATION RECOVERY OF CHILDREN WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISABILITIES
Authors: Shkolnyk M. B. , Mychalchuk V.M.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this work is to assess the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of children with central nervous system disabilities when applying the reflex-loading device "Gravistat".

Material and methods. The method of assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures was carried out before and after a 10-day rehabilitation course according to the generally accepted GMFM scale (Gross Motor Function Measurement Score Sheet). 280 children aged from 4 to 18 years who had impaired functions of the musculoskeletal system due to central nervous system disabilities were examined and then divided into 2 groups: the main test group involved 200 children with disabilities, whose comprehensive rehabilitation program included the device "Gravistat"; the control group included 80 children with disabilities who did not receive the treatment using the "Gravistat" device.

Results. The analysis of the received data of the comparative indicators of both groups before the recovery course showed the absence of a reliable difference in all parameters that were measured. (p>0.05). Comparison of the indicators of the rehabilitation program effectiveness for children of both groups showed a significant increase in indicators after the completion of the rehabilitation course in all measured parameters in children with disabilities of the main group (when using reflex-loading devices) compared to similar indicators in children of the control group. Thus, the indicator "A-Lying and turning" in the main group was 8.82±1.10 points, and in the control group - 7.13±0.82 points; "B-Seats" - 9.20±1.24 and 7.33±0.78 points, respectively; "C-Lying, crawling" - 9.56±1.11 and 7.38±0.74 points; "D-Standing" - 9.78±1.08 and 6.56±0.61 points; "E-Walking, running, jumping" - 10.00±1.02 points in the main group and 6.94±0.66 points in the control group (p<0.05).

Conclusion. The analysis of data evaluating the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program in the children of the main group, when using the "Gravistat" reflex loading device, has shown a reliable improvement in all parameters of the rehabilitation program in comparison with the indicators in the children of the control group.
The Global State of Democracy 2022: Forging Social Contracts in a Time of Discontent
Authors:   International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA)
Published: November 2022

At the end of 2022, the world is trapped beneath the weight of a multitude of old and new problems. There are myriad causes of political and economic instability, including the spiking prices of food and energy, ballooning inflation and an impending recession. These phenomena are occurring in the unstable context of continuing climate change, long unresolved inequality, the Covid-19 pandemic, declining standards of living and the Russian war of aggression in Ukraine. Democratic institutions are especially important in times of crisis and fear. They ensure open pathways for the information and communication that citizens and governments need to be able to act responsively and effectively. To rebuild and revitalize these institutions and to re-establish trust between the people and their governments, it is necessary to develop new and innovative social contracts that better reflect the changing global environment and that meaningfully prioritize equal access to the mechanisms of participation. International IDEA’s Global State of Democracy Report 2022 provides an overview of the global and regional trends related to democracy and human rights, along with examples of efforts to reinvigorate social contracts around the world.
Birchbark letters from Veliky Novgorod and Staraya Russa excavations of 2021
Authors: Gippius Alexey
Published: November 2022

The article contains a preliminary publication of seven birchbark letters of the 12th — first half of the 15th centuries found during the archaeological season of 2021 in Veliky Novgorod (Nos. 1136–1141, 1144) and the letter No. 52 from Staraya Russa. Especially interesting in their contents are No. 1137 (early 15th century) — a fragment of a large letter telling the story of a captured thief and his bail, No. 1139 (early 12th century) — a vivid example of a “proto-document” drawn up as a letter; No. 1141 — a fragment of a collective petition written in a famine year. From the phonetic point of view, the spellings робьжь and ети (No. 1137) are remarkable. Lexically significant are the earliest attestations of the agricultural term перелогъ (No. 1136), the verb перемчати (No. 1137), the use of the verb заповѣдати in the meaning ‘to announce publicly about sth’ previously known only from the Russkaya Pravda, the personal name Пька, which is etymologically a present participle of печи (No. 1139), the name Шелва (Staraya Russa, No. 52) that finds parallels in the Hypatian Chronicle and is apparently of Turkic origin. Of high value for historical syntax are: the first vernacular record of the predicative нѣ in combination with the infinitive with the meaning of impossibility; the use of the particle ни with the meaning ‘and there is not’, which finds a parallel in the 10th-century Old Bulgarian Glagolitic amulet; a rare example of the nominative with the imperative: въспиши ми грамота (No. 1144).