bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open Surgical Treatments of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Li Junyu , Xu Lizhi , Liu Yinhao , Sun Zhuoran , Wang Yongqiang , Yu Miao , Li Weishi , Zeng Yan
Published: August 2023

With an aging population, the osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) has become a constant concern for its physical and neurological complications, such as spinal kyphosis and refractory pains. Compared with traditional conservative treatments, the open surgery is more superior in some ways because of its direct decompression and correction. Various operation methods applying to different indications have been developed to deal with different fracture situations, including anterior, posterior, and combined surgery. In this review, we have concluded the latest developments of the surgery treating OVCF and the internal fixation as references for spinal surgeons of the choice of suitable treatments.
Incompatibilism and the garden of forking paths
Authors: Law Andrew
Published: August 2023

Let (leeway) incompatibilism be the thesis that causal determinism is incompatible with the freedom to do otherwise. Several prominent authors have claimed that incompatibilism alone can capture, or at least best captures, the intuitive appeal behind Jorge Luis Borges's famous “Garden of Forking Paths” metaphor. The thought, briefly, is this: the “single path” leading up to one's present decision represents the past; the forking paths that one must decide between represent those possible futures consistent with the past and the laws of nature. But if determinism is true, there is only one possible future consistent with the past and the laws and, hence, only one path to choose from. That is, if determinism is true, then we are not free to do otherwise. In this paper, I argue that this understanding of the Garden of Forking Paths faces a number of problems and ought to be rejected even by incompatibilists. I then present an alternative understanding that not only avoids these problems but still supports incompatibilism. Finally, I consider how various versions of (leeway) compatibilism fit with the Garden of Forking Paths as well as the broader question of whether metaphors, however intuitive, have any dialectical force in the debates over freedom.
Partiality, Asymmetries, and Morality's Harmonious Propensity
Authors: Lange Benjamin , Brandt Joshua
Published: August 2023

We argue for asymmetries between positive and negative partiality. Specifically, we defend four claims: i) there are forms of negative partiality that do not have positive counterparts; ii) the directionality of personal relationships has distinct effects on positive and negative partiality; iii) the extent of the interactions within a relationship affects positive and negative partiality differently; and iv) positive and negative partiality have different scope restrictions. We argue that these asymmetries point to a more fundamental moral principle, which we call Morality's Harmonious Propensity. According to this principle, morality has a propensity toward preserving positive relationships and dissolving negative ones.
Framed reef modules: a new and cost‐effective tool for coral restoration
Authors: Liu Xiangbo , Zhu Wentao , Chen Ruimei , Rinkevich Baruch , Shafir Shai , Xia Jingquan , Zhu Ming , Chen Rouwen , Wang Aimin , Li Xiubao
Published: August 2023

Coral reef ecosystems worldwide are facing significant damage due to climate change and human disturbances. Consequently, restoration actions have been implemented to repair degraded reef areas. However, many restoration efforts have been hindered by severe environmental conditions, which can hamper restoration success and create challenges in developing cost‐effective coral reef restoration methods. To address this, we conducted a study to test a low‐cost reef restoration tool known as “framed reef modules” (FRMs), specifically aiming to mitigate the impacts of typhoons. We measured the growth rates (after 300 days) and survivorship (after 400 days) of Acropora hyacinthus and A. microphthalma fragments located at different distances from substrates (H0, H10, H30, and H45). The FRMs were exposed to multiple typhoons, and despite the harsh conditions, they remained undamaged. For comparison, we also examined basalt grid plates buried in gravel. After 400 days, the H45 FRMs showed the highest survival rates (A. hyacinthus 86% and A. microphthalma 90%) compared to H30 FRMs (A. hyacinthus 80% and A. microphthalma 84%), H10 FRMs (A. hyacinthus 4% and A. microphthalma 24%), and H0 FRMs (A. hyacinthus 3% and A. microphthalma 22%). It was found that transplanted corals with a height of at least 30 cm from the substrate demonstrated resilience against impacts caused by macroalgae, turf algae, and sedimentation rates. This study showed the effectiveness of an ecological engineering approach using FRMs to enhance the three‐dimensional complexity of restored reefs and rehabilitate coral reefs damaged by typhoons. Furthermore, this method offered reduced costs and improved reef resilience.
The efficacy of intralesional vitamin D3 injection in the treatment of cutaneous warts: A clinical therapeutic trial study
Authors: Al‐Sabak Haider , Al‐Hattab Mohammed , Al‐Rammahi Marwah , Al‐Dhalimi Muhsin
Published: August 2023

Background

The human papillomavirus that causes warts is usually harmless, and it can infect any part of the skin or mucous membranes. Despite the availability of several treatments, warts often return, and scarring, pigmentation changes, and recurrence are all possible side effects.

Aim

Intralesional vitamin D3 was employed as an immunotherapy for cutaneous warts in the current investigation.

Materials and Methods

In Al‐Sadr Medical City in the city of Al‐Najaf Al‐Ashraf, a skin clinic conducted a therapeutic clinical experiment. A total of 204 cutaneous warts were examined in 40 patients (14 men and 26 females). Vitamin D3 solution of the dose (600 000 IU) was injected into the lesions' bases, with 0.2 mL per patient. Each session could only inject up to five warts. The injections were given every 2 weeks for a total of four times. Instructing patients to forego the use of any topical or oral medication was also a part of the protocol. Each patient was evaluated for recurrence risk before each therapy and then again 6 months later.

Result and Discussion

There was a wide range of patient ages in this study, from 20 months to 52 years. About 65% of the cases included females. When looking at the many kinds of warts, the most prevalent was the common wart (71.6%). After four treatments, a positive response was considered to have occurred when all lesions had disappeared, a partial response when more than half of the lesions had disappeared, and no reaction when less than half of the lesions had disappeared. The final tally was 81.9% for those who responded in whole, 11.3% for those who responded partially, and 6.9% for those who did not respond at all. Next‐session complete response rates were 12.7%, 29.9%, 54.9%, and 81.9%, respectively. Thirteen people experienced adverse symptoms, most noticeably minor swelling and itching. Within 6 months of follow‐up, warts had completely disappeared for all patients with a partial or modest response except one who had no reaction.

Conclusion

Vitamin D3 administered intralesional is an effective and low‐cost treatment for cutaneous warts.
Supplier Networks at the Integrated Peripheries of the Automobile Industry: The Case of Keiretsu Suppliers in Thailand
Authors: Guerrero David , ITOH Hidekazu , Lim Guanie , Reme‐Harnay Petronille , Corre Guillaume
Published: August 2023

The formation of supplier networks at the integrated peripheries is a complex process and results from variegated strategies adopted by firms seeking to adapt to the specificities of each host state. This study aims to provide a preliminary explanation of these patterns by focusing on the case of tier 1 suppliers serving Japanese car manufacturers in Thailand. The empirical data, which capture supply relationships for five different car parts and components, were analysed using a network visualization method. Our initial findings provide insights into how the supply networks vary across car manufacturers and countries and suggest some of the conditions at the integrated peripheries which can enable suppliers to expand their client portfolio to gain scale. The paper also discusses how the integrated periphery framework intersects with the keiretsu networks of Japanese car manufacturers.
Visualizing statistical edutainment: What you see is what you get
Authors: Lesser Lawrence M. , Pearl Dennis K.
Published: August 2023

Concepts of data visualization are explored using statistics educational fun items and illustrated by sharing results from the experiment we conducted on cartoon captions.
Favorable experience of transplant strategy including liver grafts from COVID‐19 donors: One‐year follow‐up results
Authors: Martini Silvia , Saracco Margherita , Cocchis Donatella , Pittaluga Fabrizia , Lavezzo Bruna , Barisone Francesca , Chiusa Luigi , Amoroso Antonio , Cardillo Massimo , Grossi Paolo A. , Romagnoli Renato
Published: August 2023

Background

Since November 2020, Italy was the first country to carry out a protocol and use liver from COVID‐19 donors. We aimed to evaluate the medium‐term outcome of patients who underwent liver transplant (LT) with those grafts.

Methods

We consecutively enrolled 283 patients who underwent first LT from November 2020 to December 2022 in our Center (follow‐up 468 days). Twenty‐five of 283 (8.8%, study population) received a graft from donors with previous (4%) or active (96%) SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and 258/283 (91.2%, control group) received a graft from COVID‐19‐negative donors. SARS‐CoV‐2‐RNA was tested on graft tissue of COVID‐19 donors and their recipients underwent weekly evaluation of SARS‐CoV‐2‐RNA in nasal swabs for the first month after LT.

Results

One‐year and 2‐year patient survival was 88.5% and 88.5% in study group versus 94.5% and 93.5% in control group, respectively (p = .531). In study population there was no evidence of donor‐recipient virus transmission, but three (12%) patients (vs. 7 [2.7%] of control group, p = .048) developed hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT): they were SARS‐CoV‐2‐RNA negative at LT and 1/3 grafts tested SARS‐CoV‐2‐RNA positive on liver tissue. COVID‐19 donor was independently associated with HAT (odds ratio (OR) = 4.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–19.15; p = .037). By comparing study population with control group, acute rejection and biliary complication rates were not significantly different (16% vs. 8.1%, p = .26; 16% vs. 16.3% p = .99, respectively).

Conclusions

Our 1‐year results of transplant strategy including liver grafts from COVID‐19 donors were favorable. HAT was the only complication with significantly higher rate in patients transplanted with COVID‐19 donors compared with control group.

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Reducing unnecessary premedication prior to parenteral iron therapy: A quality improvement project
Authors: Fortier Julia C. , Singhal Ruchi , Rajasekhar Anita , Mathew Carol
Published: August 2023

Background

Intravenous (IV) iron carries risks of mild, self‐limiting, tryptase‐negative Fishbane and complement activation‐related pseudo‐allergy reactions, with rare reports of anaphylaxis. Historically, high‐molecular‐weight iron dextran (HMWID) was associated with a higher incidence of anaphylaxis and empiric premedication with antihistamines/corticosteroids have been used to mitigate this risk. HMWID is no longer available and the risk of hypersensitivity reactions with newer IV iron formulations is low. Therefore, the use of routine prophylactic premedication in all patients is not justified but should be considered in high‐risk patients.

Study Design and Methods

Our primary aim was to reduce inappropriate premedication before IV iron administration by 50% so that our institution's hematology providers only prescribe premedications to patients at high risk of having a severe reaction. Interventions included a multidisciplinary education initiative to highlight current evidence against universal administration of premedications and revision of the IV iron informed consent form and electronic order set.

Results

We measured the success of our intervention by comparing data collected during a 6‐month pre‐intervention period (837 infusions) to a 6‐month post‐intervention period (947 infusions). Inappropriate administration of premedications decreased from 79% in the pre‐intervention period compared to 65% in the post‐intervention period. We found no significant difference in the number of Fishbane reactions, severe reactions, and emergency room admissions, despite this reduction in premedication use.

Discussion

Although we did not reach our goal of a 50% reduction in inappropriate premedication use, opportunities for process improvements were uncovered and are being explored in the next cycle of this quality improvement project.
Ecosistemas de negocios, innovación y emprendimiento. Un marco de referencia y un caso de aplicación
Authors: Ortiz Pabón Efraín
Published: August 2023

Este libro es una guía indispensable para todos aquellos interesados en comprender los ecosistemas de negocios, innovación y emprendimiento. A lo largo de sus páginas, el autor aborda de manera rigurosa el concepto, haciendo un recorrido que va desde su origen en la biología hasta su pleno uso en los campos de la innovación, el emprendimiento y el mundo digital.
A teaching-learning sequence about climate change: From theory to practice
Authors: Toffaletti Stefano , Di Mauro Marco , Malgieri Massimiliano , Rosi Tommaso , Tufino Eugenio , Onorato Pasquale , Oss Stefano
Published: August 2023

We describe a collection of relatively simple experiments and laboratory demonstrations devoted to the physics of Earth's energy balance. Many of the experiments also address fundamental aspects of physics at the undergraduate level. Results of classroom testing of this sequence of activities are presented and discussed.
Essential climate change conversations for introductory physics courses
Authors: Daane Abigail R. , Noffsinger Jesse
Published: August 2023

Climate change issues have become far more complex and better studied over the last few years. Making sense of how the causes and effects of climate change create a coherent framework can empower learners to engage in productive discourse and to ask deeper questions. Historical contexts, current approaches to mitigate climate change, and future demands are all a part of the ongoing research and efforts. This global, social justice issue will only become more pressing, and we need to support students in making informed decisions about their actions going forward. It is for this reason that we (a physics instructor and an energy consultant) have joined together to create a list of topics that all students should consider as they move through our educational programs.
Nitrogen-15 dynamic nuclear polarization of nicotinamide derivatives in biocompatible solutions
Authors: Peters Josh P. , Brahms Arne , Janicaud Vivian , Anikeeva Maria , Peschke Eva , Ellermann Frowin , Ferrari Arianna , Hellmold Dana , Held-Feindt Janka , Kim Na-mi , Meiser Johannes , Aden Konrad , Herges Rainer , Hövener Jan-Bernd , Pravdivtsev Andrey N.
Published: August 2023

Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) increases the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging by more than 10,000 times, enabling in vivo metabolic imaging to be performed noninvasively in real time. Here, we are developing a group of dDNP polarized tracers based on nicotinamide (NAM). We synthesized 1-
15
N-NAM and 1-
15
N nicotinic acid and hyperpolarized them with dDNP, reaching (13.0 ± 1.9)%
15
N polarization. We found that the lifetime of hyperpolarized 1-
15
N-NAM is strongly field- and pH-dependent, with
T
1
being as long as 41 s at a pH of 12 and 1 T while as short as a few seconds at neutral pH and fields below 1 T. The remarkably short 1-
15
N lifetime at low magnetic fields and neutral pH drove us to establish a unique pH neutralization procedure. Using
15
N dDNP and an inexpensive rodent imaging probe designed in-house, we acquired a
15
N MRI of 1-
15
N-NAM (previously hyperpolarized for more than an hour) in less than 1 s.
PRICES, POLITICS AND PERSUASION: THE CASE OF POLLUTION CONTROL AND CLEAN TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION
Authors: CHENG WENLI , ZHANG DINGSHENG
Published: August 2023

This paper presents three simple models to study how prices, politics and persuasion may each play a role in environmental policy-making. Our conclusions are twofold. First, in the absence of increasing returns, requiring the polluting industry to purchase pollution permits can internalize the negative externality of pollution, and the optimal price of pollution permits should increase with the disutility of pollution. Second, with increasing returns in the industry using clean technologies, it is welfare enhancing to complement the pollution permits policy with a tax-funded subsidy to the clean industry, or with a tax-funded public campaign to persuade consumers to move away from pollution-generating goods.
Electrical Characterization of the Clamping Behavior on CMOS Quasi-Floating-Gate Circuits
Authors: Molinar-Solis Jesus E. , Sanchez-Arias Daniel , Fajardo-Delgado Daniel , Ocampo-Hidalgo Juan J. , Padilla-Cantoya Ivan
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the clamping effect introduced by several diode-based configurations used for the implementation of the high-value resistors in quasi-floating-gate circuits is analyzed and characterized. In contrast to previous approaches where a parasitic diode is treated as a simple high-value resistor reducing the circuit complexity, in this case the analysis considers the diode behavior which leads to a clamping circuit. This clamping circuit introduces an unwanted amplitude-dependent offset voltage, which affects the performance moving the quiescent point at the quasi-floating-gate transistors. A new anti-parallel diode configuration for quasi-floating-gate applications is proposed in this work, which eliminates this unwanted offset voltage. The proposed design is validated using simulations and experimental data in a CMOS 0.35-[Formula: see text]m technology.
A Novel Deformation Feature Flow Network for Industrial Fumes Video Segmentation
Authors: Yang Jiantao , Liu Hui , Chen Fugang
Published: August 2023

Industrial fume emissions are a major contributor to global warming, and accurate monitoring is necessary. However, current segmentation techniques for video monitoring of industrial fumes are limited by ineffective edge segmentation, lack of consideration of dynamic characteristics, and poor segmentation accuracy. To address these issues, a deep learning-based semantic video segmentation network is proposed in this paper. The network combines fume deformation information, employs LR-ASPP design for real-time performance, and spatio-temporal consistency to enhance semantic information in the dynamic region. A residual hybrid attention network is constructed for the motion region to minimize loss of motion information. The proposed network demonstrates strong anti-interference capability in complex environments, achieving over 10% improvement in IoU and [Formula: see text]-score under a high-speed segmentation of 53 FPS. This technology can be integrated with automated systems to enable timely responses to hazardous situations, minimizing risks to workers and nearby communities. In summary, the proposed deep learning-based semantic video segmentation network has significant implications for improving environmental monitoring and management practices in industrial settings.
Node Multi-Attribute Network Community Healthcare Detection Based on Graphical Matrix Factorization
Authors: Alferaidi Ali , Yadav Kusum , Yasmeen Safia , Alharbi Yasser , Viriyasitavat Wattana , Dhiman Gaurav , Kaur Amandeep
Published: August 2023

The significance of community structure in complex networks, such as social, biological, and online networks, has been widely recognized. Detecting communities in social media networks typically relies on two sources of information: the network’s topological structure and node attributes. Incorporating rich node content attribute information poses both flexibility and challenges for community detection. Traditional approaches either focus on mining one information source or linearly combining results from both sources, which fails to effectively fuse the information. This paper introduces a practical collaborative learning approach that explores the multi-dimensional attribute characteristics of nodes to facilitate community division. By leveraging graphical matrix decomposition, the proposed algorithm, CDGMF, improves the effectiveness and robustness of community detection. Experimental results demonstrate the method’s ability to effectively utilize node attribute information for guiding community detection, resulting in higher-quality community divisions.
Resource Allocation Method of Edge IoT Agent Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Zhong Jiayong , Hu Ke , Lv Xiaohong , Chen Yongtao , Gao Jin
Published: August 2023

Reasonable allocation of resources is an important guarantee for efficient support of power business in edge IoT agents. Facing the above problems of the current power Internet of Things, this paper proposes a resource optimization allocation method based on deep Q-learning. This method first comprehensively considers the communication performance and network security. Involving indicators such as latency and service satisfaction, a complete and reliable mathematical model of the edge Internet of Things proxy network is constructed to achieve efficient and reliable modeling of the power Internet of Things (pIoT), aiming to better fit the practical interaction needs for efficient and secure communication. The Q-learning network model is optimized, and the method combining Reinforcement learning and deep learning is used to solve the model. Used by this network, the optimization and improvement of the deep network model is realized, so that the status, action and other parameters of the network model can be solved in a timely manner, so as to better support the reliable and efficient information interaction of the communication network. The test results prove that the delay of the proposed method can be maintained within 12[Formula: see text]ms in more complex scenarios, and the interaction success rate reaches 0.975, confirming that the proposed method can provide good information interaction guarantee services.
THE WEIGHTED PARAMETERIZED INEQUALITIES IN RELATION TO TWICE DIFFERENTIABLE MAPPINGS IN THE FRACTAL DOMAINS ALONG WITH SOME APPLICATIONS
Authors: ZHOU YUNXIU , LIAO JIAGEN , DU TINGSONG
Published: August 2023

In this paper, two weighted parameterized fractal identities are first proposed, wherein the mappings involved are second-order local fractional differentiable. Based upon these equalities, a series of the weighted parameterized inequalities, which are related to the fractal convex mappings, are then deduced. Moreover, making use of boundedness and [Formula: see text]-Lipschitzian mappings, some error estimates are attained as well. Finally, certain fractal outcomes in accordance to random variable and the weighted formula, respectively, are presented as applications.
Design of a Novel Skin Lesion Predictor Model Using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Roy Arpita , Razia Shaik
Published: August 2023

The prediction of skin cancer at the earlier stage is extremely essential for melanoma. There is a need for intellectual computer analysis for skin lesions. The segmentation of lesion boundaries is vital to accurately identify the lesions from the dermoscopic images where the diagnosis is complex for various skin lesion types. Thus, some pre-processing steps are required to attain higher sensitive lesion boundary segmentation and classification. Initially, pre-processing is done with median filter to offer reputation of boundary preservation and does not in-cooperate newer pixel values to the processed image. Next is the process of image segmentation for Region of Interest (ROI) and non-Region of Interest ([Formula: see text] using the Jaccard Distance segmentation process. The novelty of the work relies on the inclusion of compression techniques to make the access easier without any loss. The extracted regions are encoded with Freeman Chain Coding and compressed with Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) and Zero Tree Wavelet (EZW) for ROI and non-Region of Interest regions. Finally, image classification is done with Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Convolutional Neural Networks ([Formula: see text]PSO-CNN). The simulation is done with TensorFlow & Python environment and the proposed model outperforms the existing standard approaches. Some metrics like objective function, confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, [Formula: see text]-measure, and recall are evaluated. The model attains 77.5% accuracy, 86.36% precision, 77.5% recall and 77.92% [Formula: see text]-measure for proposed [Formula: see text]PSO-CNN which is higher than the standard CNN model.
BRAKE SURFACE TEXTURE EXPLORATION AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL DURING BRAKING IN THE NEW KNEE IMPACT TEST
Authors: WANG ZHIMING , WEI JIZONG , WU LIXIAO , HE MENGFAN , DJOULDE ARISTIDE , LIU MEI
Published: August 2023

During the braking process, frictional heat generation between brake strip and brake block can lead to high temperatures, significantly affecting the braking performance. This paper proposes a novel knee impact test method and innovatively investigates the effect of brake friction surface texture shape on braking performance. A comparative evaluation of the braking performance of different surface textures is conducted using the new knee impact test, with a focus on studying the temperature rise during braking to optimize the brake system. Research findings indicate that the best braking performance was achieved when friction surface texture of the brake block was rhombus-shaped with a diagonal ratio of 5:5. By implementing this improved brake design, the maximum temperature during braking was reduced from 184.44∘C to 75.963∘C, resulting in a significant reduction in thermal stress from 155.22 MPa to 64.40 MPa. Moreover, the acceleration and brake distance are extracted and compared with the target values of Euro NCAP. The improved brake acceleration exhibits stability and a deviation from target value within 10%. Additionally, the deviation between our brake distance and target distance is −3.63%. These results provide a valuable reference for improving the braking performance of braking systems in the new knee impact test.
PREDICTION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN WIRE CUT ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING OF AL-FE-SI ALLOY COMPOSITES USING TAGUCHI TECHNIQUE AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: SENTHAMARAI K. , SELVAKUMAR S. , KANNAN SATHISH , ALAGARSAMY S. V.
Published: August 2023

Wire cut electric discharge machining (WCEDM) is a flexible and more essential for the precise machining of hard materials like composites and super alloys. In order to improve the surface texture as the main focus of the WCEDM process, the expansion of the fundamental procedural perceptive is very important. This paper mainly focuses on the prediction of surface quality of Al-Fe-Si alloy (AA8011) matrix composites during the WCEDM process. For the fabrication of composites, the varying proportions (0, 5, 10 and 15 wt.%) of ZrO2 ceramic particle were incorporated with AA8011 matrix alloy by using stir casting method. In the machining studies, to investigate the effects of reinforcement (wt. %) and the WCEDM process parameters, namely pulse current (amps), pulse-on time ([Formula: see text]s) and pulse-off time ([Formula: see text]s) on machining performance like surface roughness (SR) of the proposed composites. Based on the selection of parameters and their levels, an L16 (44) orthogonal array was most suitable for conducting the WCEDM experiments. A Taguchi technique was employed in this study to determine the optimal conditions of machining parameters through the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis. The result shows that the minimum SR is achieved at 5 wt.% of reinforcement, 6 amps of pulse current, 110 [Formula: see text]s of pulse-on time and 50 [Formula: see text]s of pulse-off time, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that the reinforcement wt.% has the primary significant factor on SR, trailed by pulse-on time and pulse current, respectively. Furthermore, the regression equation was also developed to predict the SR and that values well agree with the experimental SR.
A comparative study of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Λ-, V-, and Ξ-type systems using Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser beams
Authors: Akhtar Samim , Saha Jayanta K. , Hossain Md. Mabud
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a theoretical investigation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams has been carried out for the three canonical atom-laser coupled systems (e.g. [Formula: see text]-, V-, and [Formula: see text]-type) in [Formula: see text]Rb atom. The required optical Bloch equations (OBEs) are derived for each system. The OBEs are analytically solved in steady-state condition under the weak probe field approximation. We have used the iterative perturbative technique to obtain the probe coherence term. The probe response w.r.t. probe detuning for different orders of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) number of both the pump and probe LG beams has been studied. We have also studied the effect of the OAM number on probe response in both Doppler-free and Doppler-broadened mediums. It has been observed that the EIT signal is squeezed for nonzero OAM number of the pump beam with arbitrary OAM number of the probe beam. It is found that for higher-order OAM number, the EIT signal is further squeezed. The modification of the EIT signal is attributed because of the spatial-dependent Rabi frequency. Our study demonstrates that the dynamic of the probe field inside an atomic medium may be controlled by tuning the OAM number of the LG beam.
Fiber–Based Model for Simulating Inelastic Interaction Buckling of Rectangular CFST Slender Columns with Unequal Wall Thickness
Authors: Le Tuan Trung , Patel Vipulkumar Ishvarbhai , Liang Qing Quan , Ahmed Mizan , Huynh Phat
Published: August 2023

Rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (RCFST) columns can be designed to have unequal wall thickness to maximize their resistance to combined axial and uniaxial bending loads. However, there is very little published research on their local–global interaction buckling behavior. This paper presents an efficient fiber-based simulation model for analyzing the inelastic interaction buckling of eccentrically loaded RCFST slender columns with unequal wall thickness. The model considers the progressive local–global interaction buckling, distributed plasticity, concrete cracking and crushing, second-order effects, and geometric imperfections. The mathematical model is programmed to compute not only the axial load–displacement responses but also the interaction curves of axial load and moment of slender RCFST columns. The simulation modeling is validated by experimentally measured data. The validated computer model is used to parametrically study the interaction local–global buckling responses of RCFST columns while the range analysis is conducted to identify the relative significance of key parameters. It is demonstrated that the proposed computer model accurately simulates experimentally measured responses. Hence, it can be used with confidence in practice to analyze and design RCFST slender columns fabricated with steel plates of unequal thickness. The existing design standard AS/NZS 2327:2017 provides acceptable strength predictions of RCFST slender columns and beam-columns while the procedure specified in Eurocode 4 overestimates their capacities.
Floor Seismic Response Spectrum for the Building Equipped with Visco-Elastic Decouplers
Authors: Guo Shi-Li , Xiang Yang , Li Guo-Qiang
Published: August 2023

By installing the visco-elastic (VE) decouplers between the floor slab and the beam, the floors of a building are isolated from the primary structure. Such a structural system, termed VE decoupled floors, has an increased damping and a reduced inertial force for mitigating the floor seismic response. These features lead to a significantly improved seismic performance of the important facilities resting (or anchored) on floors. This paper focuses on the floor seismic response spectrum (FSRS) of the building equipped with VE decoupled floors. First, the frequency-dependent property of the structure is dealt with, whereas the time-variant stiffness and damping of the VE decoupler are replaced by a couple of stabilized substitutions, and the appropriation of this substitution is numerically validated. Secondly, given the stabilized substitutive model, the FSRS is derived based on the classic complex modal decomposition process and the stochastic dynamics of linear oscillators. In this process, the input seismic excitation is considered via a specific model that accounts for its non-stationary nature. Lastly, a parametrical analysis is conducted to validate the proposed FSRS model and to reveal some special features of the VE decoupled flooring system. It is shown that the FSRS can be better mitigated if a more flexible VE decoupler and a larger mass (isolation) ratio are incorporated. A VE decoupled floor installed at the level of the roof is more effective than the ones installed at the lower levels. Basically, the peak of FSRS can be reduced by 70% if the VE decoupling system is properly designed.
Free Vibration and Sound Insulation of FG-CNTRC Sandwich Plates with Different Cores
Authors: Hao Yu-Qi , Li Feng-Lian , Wang Yi-Ping , Hao Yu-Xin , Lv Mei
Published: August 2023

The core layer is very important in studying the vibration and noise problems of sandwich structures. The present paper studied the free vibration and sound insulation characteristics of FG-CNTRC sandwich plates with FG-CNT face sheets and different cores including the soft core (epoxy), hard core (aluminum) and porous metal foam core with different porosity distributions. By Hamilton’s principle the dynamic equations of FG-CNTRC sandwich plates are formulated based on the third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT), and the sound insulation expression is given under the excitation of the sound pressure. The theoretical solution of natural frequency and sound insulation are compared with the finite element simulation results and validated. The natural frequency of the square sandwich plate are compared with the rectangular case. The free vibration and sound insulation performance of FG-CNTRC sandwich plates are analyzed and discussed, and parametric studies are performed to evaluate the effects of CNT volume fraction, CNT distribution patterns, CNT orientation angles, porosity coefficient and incident angles on the vibro-acoustic characteristics of the sandwich plate. Some new results are presented to be used as references for the further research.
Effect of Hygrothermal Loads on the Nonlinear Vibration of Porous Bi-Directional Functionally Graded Beams Placed on an Elastic Foundation
Authors: Zhao Yingzhi , Tang Huaiping , Zhang Bo , Lai Zedong , Chen Huijian
Published: August 2023

In this study, we investigated the effect of hygrothermal loads on the nonlinear free vibrations of a porous bi-directional functionally graded Timoshenko beam with a Winkler–Pasternak foundation. The corresponding governing equations were established according to Hamilton’s principle and von Kármán nonlinearity assumption. Using the differential quadrature and iterative methods, the nonlinear fundamental frequencies were determined. A numerical example was presented, and we showed that the discretization of nonlinear items considerably decreased the number of iterations. A series of parametric studies were performed, and we determined that (1) all the vibration mode shapes were significantly affected by the axial functionally graded index, while they were almost unchanged by the thickness-wise functionally graded index. Moreover, compared to the thickness-wise graded index, the axial functionally graded index played a more important role in the higher-order mode shapes. (2) The geometric nonlinearity considerably influenced the critical temperature rise value of the beams. Increasing the maximum deflection value increased the critical temperature rise value. (3) The influence of increase in temperature and moisture on the nonlinear fundamental frequency became stronger with increase in the functionally graded index, but it weakened with increase in the maximum deflection value.
Estimation of Road Roughness Based on Both the Sprung and Unsprung Response of a Moving Vehicle Over Ordinary Roads: Modeling, Experiments and Discussions
Authors: Hu Xiaoyang , Zeng Qing , Duan Zhongdong , Liu Chengyin , Lin Jiayou , Fan Quansheng , Zhang Zehong
Published: August 2023

The study proposes a Kalman Filter Family-schemed algorithm to identify the vehicle’s parameters and evaluate the road roughness simultaneously, based on the response of an adapted monitoring vehicle. The vehicle is simplified as a three-dimensional multi-body system consisting of the unsprung mass of wheels and the sprung mass of the car body, connected by springs and dampers that represent the suspension system. Accelerometers and a gyroscope measure the accelerations or angular velocity of different positions of the vehicle during vibrations. The Kalman filter (KF) with unknown inputs enables the prediction of the car body’s accelerations from those of wheels. On the other hand, the Augmented KF can compute the accelerations of wheels based on the car body’s accelerations. Thus, an inner-systemic objective function incorporating the vehicle’s parameter is built between the predicted and measured accelerations and solved in an optimized manner with the Genetic Algorithm, so that an individual complicated impact test or bump test is avoided. The numerical examples carry out field tests on a 900[Formula: see text]m long standardized test road under two scenarios of with and without a bump. The road roughness estimated by these two KF methods from different measurements is used to calculate the International Roughness Index (IRI) and further the Riding Quality Index, which are compared with those directly provided by a standardized laser IRI profilometer. Accordance in between confirms the accuracy of the proposed algorithm under different scenarios. The analysis underlines the measurements from unsprung wheels that contact directly with the road enable a more accurate estimation of road roughness than those from the sprung car body. In addition, a vehicle speed lower than 40[Formula: see text]km/h can provide a better estimation of the road profiles.
One-To-One-To-One Internal Resonance Analysis of a Double-Cable-Stayed Flexible Beam-Structure Mounted with a Manipulator System
Authors: Tang Xiaobin , Xie Zhijiang , Zhong Zhihua , Wang Tao
Published: August 2023

This paper deals with the theoretical studies to investigate the in-plane eigenvalue problems and the one-to-one-to-one internal resonance behaviors of a double-cable-stayed flexible beam-structure mounted with a manipulator system (DCFBMS) under constant rotational speed. A more precise and rigorous dynamic model with proper boundary conditions has been developed in which geometric nonlinearity and coupling nonlinearity of cables and beam are considered while the manipulator has been modeled as a rigid link. The in-plane eigenvalue problem of the model considering the boundary and continuous conditions has been evaluated and graphically demonstrated. Then, the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are obtained by Galerkin’s method and multiple scales method has been employed to further analyze the vibration attributes of steady-state responses and their stability under internal resonance condition. The nonlinear response, stability and bifurcations for one-to-one-to-one internal resonance have also been investigated by varying system parameters. Analytically obtained results have been verified by Runge–Kutta method and found to be in good agreement. The present theoretical results deliver a useful insight into the nonlinear dynamic behavior and operational stability of DCFBMS.
Influences of Different Boundary Conditions and Hygro-Thermal Environment on the Free Vibration Responses of FGM Sandwich Plates Resting on Viscoelastic Foundation
Authors: Tounsi Abdeldjebbar , Bousahla Abdelmoumen Anis , Tahir Saeed I. , Mostefa Adda Hadj , Bourada Fouad , Al-Osta Mohammed A. , Tounsi Abdelouahed
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates the free vibration of functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich plates supported by different boundary conditions and influenced by a three-parameter viscoelastic foundation and hygro-thermal changes. Three types of FGM sandwich plates are studied and discussed, in which the FGM layers vary according to the power law rule and consist of ceramic and metal materials. An efficient and simple four-variable integral higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) is employed to model the analytical solution of the considered problem. Hamilton principle is implemented to obtain the plates’ governing equations and to derive the eigenvalue equation for the free vibration study. The model is verified by comparing numerical results with previous studies on the vibration of exponentially graded plates. New results are presented in this paper showing the influences of different boundary conditions, hygro-thermal changes, viscoelastic parameters, vibration modes, material exponents, and geometric dimensions.
COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF A LAYERED AORTIC MEDIAL WALL CONSIDERING EFFECTIVE RESIDUAL STRESSES
Authors: TAMURA ATSUTAKA , MATSUMOTO KOKI
Published: August 2023

We previously developed a simplified finite element (FE) “unit” model to reproduce the mechanical interaction between the smooth muscle layer and elastic lamina (EL) in the aortic media. Nevertheless, whether this simplified FE model can represent the structure of a real medial wall and whether its modeling technique can help in developing a highly sophisticated and structure-based aortic FE model should be determined. Therefore, this study aimed to computationally represent EL buckling in the aortic medial ring at an unloaded state based on the integrated unit models and reproduce transmural variations in EL waviness across the vascular wall. We confirmed that the inner and outer layers of the medial wall were relatively subjected to compressive and tensile residual stresses, respectively, at the unloaded state, implying that the ring model will open spontaneously when it is radially cut. In addition, the residual stresses computed under such a stress-free condition were comparable to the analytically estimated values, partially supporting the validity of our modeling approach. Although further study is still required, the information obtained in this study will greatly improve the understanding of basic aortic physiology and pathophysiology and provide a basis for performing more sophisticated computational modeling of the aortic wall.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF DRAGONFLY WING VEINS INCLUDING THE ROLE OF HEMOLYMPH
Authors: MOBASSERI SALEH , ZARE AZAM , JANGHORBAN MAZIAR
Published: August 2023

Due to some outstanding properties of dragonfly wings, such as a lightweight structure with good aerodynamic performance, they have attracted the attention of many researchers. The microscopic and macroscopic structures of dragonfly wings play important roles in their behaviors. One of these structures that are spread all over the wing is vein. In this study, as the first endeavour, the geometric characteristics of the vein are modeled precisely, and the natural frequencies of it are calculated. Next, the vibration of the vein with considering structural damping, stationary and moving hemolymph is investigated. In the cases where hemolymph is considered, the influences of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) of hemolymph on the vibrational behavior of wing vein are included. To show the accuracy of the used methodology, the present model is compared with the microscopic image of the vein. Besides, some comparisons with theoretical and experimental findings are also proposed.
CASE STUDY OF A DISTAL FEMUR TI6Al4V LOCKED COMPRESSION PLATE FAILURE SURFACE INVESTIGATION AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: CAN MURAT , OYMAK MEHMET AKIF , KOLUAÇIK SERDAR , BAHÇE ERKAN , UZUNYOL ÖMER FARUK
Published: August 2023

In this study, the failure of locking compression plates (LCP) used in the treatment of bone fractures resulting from falls in orthopedic patients at Malatya Training and Research Hospital was investigated. The researchers examined the fracture surface of the failed Ti6Al4V LCP using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) images. The fracture pattern of the plate caused by the fall was replicated in a computer-aided design (CAD) model, obtained through three-dimensional (3D) scanning. Additionally, a CAD model of the femur bone was created using magnetic resonance (MR) images. The assembled images of the replicated fracture and the femur bone were used to simulate the application of locked and unlocked compression screws. Considering the weight-bearing load on a human femur, a linear load of 1200 N and 300 N iliopsoas 300 N abductor 600 N hip contact and 70 N tensor fascia latea walking loads had been applied using finite element analysis (FEA). The researchers analyzed the total deformations, von Mises stress, and principal stresses of the plate. When FEA was conducted with walking and body forces applied, it was observed that the walking forces resulted in a 20% higher von Mises stress and a 22.5% greater total deformation 15% low cycle fatigue compared to the body force. During the analysis with walking forces applied, it was noticed that the maximum von Mises stresses on the LCP and the point where fatigue initiation began coincided with the fracture site of the LCP in the patient’s body. However, this observation was in contrast to the analysis with body loads applied.
Pb-Free Two-Dimensional Perovskite, Nanoparticulate, in the Solar Cells
Authors: Khalaph Kawther A. , Qasim Ahmed Y. , Abdalameer Nisreen Kh. , Otaiwi Sura Noori , Jafar Aqel Mashot , Numan Nora Faik
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the effect of combining (FTO/TiO2/Cs3Fe2Cl9/CuO/Al) in the energy conversion efficiency is studied. It creates a unique series with perovskite (Cs3Fe2Cl[Formula: see text] serving as its primary source of visible light absorption. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, and scanning electron microscopy, the structural, optical and morphological features of the (CuO, Cs3Fe2Cl[Formula: see text] nanoparticles were characterized (SEM). To create perovskite solar cells, these materials were effectively synthesized and deposited as thin films, and the efficiency of solar cells in photovoltaic (PV) devices has been verified. When the light intensity is 100 W/m2, the PV device’s output demonstrates its energy conversion efficiency (PCE = 15.46%).
New Method for Preparation ZnSe Nanoparticles and Application as Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Mohammed Kahtan A. , Judi Hawraa K. , Ramu Gandikota , Alkhafaji Mohammed Ayad , Zabibah Rahman S. , Saxena Ashish
Published: August 2023

Nanoparticles of zinc selenide (ZnSe) were produced by an innovative, uncomplicated, and extremely rapid process that took no longer than a few seconds. For the production of zinc ions, zinc chloride was utilized, and selenium was used for the production of selenium ions. The effect of Zn to Se ions ratio on optical properties has been examined. The prepared nanoparticles were tested and characterized by using transmission electron microscope TEM, scanning electron microscope SEM and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The morphological results revealed that the ZnSe has a spherical shape with mean diameter around 15 nm and the band gap of the ZnSe increases with increasing the Zn content in the sample. The prepared materials were tested as antibacterial agent.