bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Knowledge of the DCI Point System among Orthodontists associated with a Dental College to Develop a Colour-coded Guide of Orthodontics Journals
Authors: Manda Anoosha , Mahendra Tivanani Venkata Durga , Pradeep K , Babu N Hari , Velagala Sai Keerthi
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The credibility of the published scientific literature is dependent on various dynamic factors like the type of research, type of journal, journal indexing, impact factor which are subjected to constant changes. Calculating publication points, as a form of performance measure to award promotions for postgraduate faculty is used in many developing and in some developed countries. Aim: To determine the knowledge of the Dental Council of India (DCI) point system among orthodontists associated with a Dental College and to develop a colour-coded guide of Orthodontics journals. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics, of an Educational Institution from July 2021 to December 2021, and a structured questionnaire was self-designed and made available in Google forms. This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among the orthodontic faculty. A total of 428 complete responses were obtained and all the responses were evaluated using one way analysis of variance with Tukey’s Posthoc tests and Independent sample t-test. A survey of all the journals that related to the field of orthodontics was performed in various databases. Journals that are included in the DCI categories were listed and colour-coded. Results: Majority of study participants in this study were professors (53.3%) followed by readers and senior lecturers (15.9% each). Significant differences (p-value=0.021) were noted in participants’ knowledge on the DCI points system based on designation. Almost all the respondents reported indexing of the journal to be the basis for selecting a journal. Only 8.4% responded that, they were not aware of the DCI’s points system for publications. Subjects with self-reported awareness on the DCI points system showed a significantly higher mean knowledge score compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: Subjects with self-reported awareness on the DCI points system showed a significantly higher mean (2.412±0.793) knowledge score compared to their counterparts. A colourcoded guide was developed to eliminate the bias in point calculation completely and help academicians select a journal suitable for academic promotions.
Epidemiological and Clinical Pattern of Leprosy in a Tertiary Care Centre in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rao Naveen Netaji
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Leprosy also known as Hansen’s Disease (HD), is a chronic infectious granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It affects the skin and peripheral nerves. It is characterised by the formation of nodules or macules that enlarge and spread with loss of sensation due to nerve involvement which can progress to paralysis and eventually lead to deformities. Aim: To describe the clinical and epidemiological pattern of leprosy patients in a tertiary care hospital in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary level, Military Hospital in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, from June 2022 to August 2022. Medical records of 263 Leprosy patients, who were diagnosed as HD clinically and histopathologically were part of the study. All their data pertaining to the history, onset, time of detection, clinical features in the form, type and number of patches, presence of peripheral nerve thickenings, investigations which included skin slit smear for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) (Lepra) and histopathological examination, duration of drug therapy, reactions encountered and the disabilities were collected. Results: A total of 263 case records of leprosy patients (225 males (85.55%) and 38 females (14.45%), mean age of 35.36±13.79 years) were analysed. Majority of the cases were Borderline Tuberculoid (BT) Hansen’s 113 (42.96%). Average time taken by the patients before reporting to the Leprosy centre from onset of symptoms was 18 months. The most common clinical manifestation was multiple light coloured numb patches in 169 patients. A total of 245 patients had peripheral nerve thickening with Ulnar nerve 205 (77.95%) being the most commonly affected nerve. A total of 98 patients had Type-1 reaction and 13 had Type-2 reaction. The Grade-2 disability was seen in 22 cases with claw hand deformity being the commonest 10 (45.45%). Conclusion: In present study, majority patients were male with the most common clinical manifestation being multiple numb patches all over the body. The most common type of leprosy which presented was BT HD.
Quality Assessment of Hand Hygiene and Effectiveness of WHO 6 Step Training among Healthcare Personnel in a Tertiary Care Cancer Hospital in Trivandrum, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Prabhu Deepthi J , Kakkolil Munish Palliyalil , Gladston Divya V , Koshy Rachel Cherian , Krishna Jagathnath KM , Mathew Ashish
Published: June 2023

Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) 6 steps for effective Hand Hygiene (HH) practice to prevent cross infections emphasises on coverage of all aspects of the hand with the Alcohol Based Hand Rub (ABHR). The quality of hand rubbing usually remains un-monitored among healthcare workers. Hence, interventions to ensure both compliance and quality combined with periodic training would fill the deficiency in these practices in the healthcare setting. Aim: To analyse the quality of HH using an Ultraviolet (UV) sensitive ABHR among healthcare workers in the Operation Theatre (OT) and post-surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. Study population included 104 healthcare providers in the OT and post-surgical ICU, over a period of two months, from June 2017 to July 2017. Participants were asked to disinfect their hands according to WHO 6 steps using an ABHR to which an UV light sensitive pigment was added, and then place them in an UV light sensitive cabinet. Digital images of both sides of their hands were recorded. Every area of the hand not covered by the hand rub appeared as a dark spot and was considered an error. Pass criteria allowed a maximum of two small uncovered areas (dark spots <0.6 cm2 ) on the dorsal side of the hand and no uncovered areas on the palmar aspect. Each hand was observed specifically at four areas and the most missed areas were identified. Statistical analysis was done by Fisher’sexact test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0. Results: Out of the total 104 participants, 28 were doctors, 46 were nurses, 22 were nursing students and 8 were OT technicians. A total of 65 participants were males (62%) and 85 participants (82%) were in the 35-40 years age group. The HH was found to be better on the right hand in all the sub-groups studied. The difference in the hand rub coverage on all the four observed areas of the right hand was not significant. On the left-side, hygiene in between the fingers (p-value 0.012) and at the finger tips (p-value 0.007) was poorest. Among the groups studied, doctors performed better with a higher group score of 60.7% compared to 22.7% of that of nursing students (p-value 0.030). Conclusion: Quality of HH practice using ABHR among personnel involved in peri-operative care is poor and requires improvement with regular monitoring and training.
CT Severity Score in COVID-19 Patients and its Association with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Koshta Harshit Kumar , Gupta Akshara , Dhawale Sanjay
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It is thought that, people who have Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Hypertension (HTN) are more likely to get a severe COVID19 infection. High-resolution Chest Computed Tomography (HRCT) has been shown to provide immediate results with high sensitivity and specificity for determining the severity of COVID19 infection and lung involvement. Aim: To determine the association between chest CT Severity Scores (CTSS) and DM and HTN in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. The duration of the study was 1 month, from July 2020 to August 2020. Based on the degree of lung involvement seen on HRCT chest scans, A total of 100 patients (68 males and 32 females) with COVID-19 infection were given a quantitative CTSS. The patients were divided into groups with mild, moderate, and severe lung involvement based on the CTSS. The Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between DM, HTN, and CTSS. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Results: The mean age of study participants was 45.7±15.95 years. A total of 72 (72%) of the participants were of normal weight, 8 (8%) were overweight or obese, and 20 (20%) were underweight. COVID19 patients with a co-diagnosis of DM (61.9%) or HTN (69.2%) had more severe lung involvement than COVID-19 patients without DM (19%) or HTN (21%). DM and HTN were found to be significantly associated with severe lung involvement (p-value<0.01). Conclusion: Diabetic and hypertensive patients are more likely than non diabetic and non hypertensive patients to develop the severe form of COVID-19 and have a higher CT lung involvement score. DM and HTN should be considered as risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 disease.
Challenges and Oppourtunities of Digital Education in India
Authors: Budhia Netramani , Behera Sasmita
Published: June 2023

In the 21st century, a majority of individuals use the internet regularly to increase their knowledge and to foster general awareness in this era of globalization. Due to the recent Covid-19 pandemic people and students are facing problems in their study or gaining access to high quality knowledge.  It has had a great impact in the whole world, affecting each and every aspect of society i.e. education, economy, social life, etc. In every sector we observe an increasing adoption of digital technologies. The education sector has additionally adopted new paradigms for imparting knowledge and skills. It has shifted itself from traditional media to digital classrooms. All educational institutions at primary, secondary and college/ university levels are adopting new pedagogies or androgogies to cater to this situation and maintain the continuity in providing knowledge to its students. India as a growing nation is continuously seeking to make improvements progressing within the education sector. Just as there are many challenges to the education system of India, the situation provides equally a number of opportunities to overcome those challenges and to form education systems far better education for the Digital learning of the 21st century.
Automorphisms of Zero Divisor Graphs of Power Four Radical Zero Completely Primary Finite Rings
Authors: Mude Lao Hussein , Oduor Owino Maurice , Onyango Ojiema Michael
Published: June 2023

Let R be a commutative unital finite rings and Z(R) be its set of zero divisors. The study of automorphisms of algebraic structures via zero divisor graphs is still an active area of research. Perhaps, because of the fact that automorphisms have got real life application in capturing the symmetries of algebraic structures. In this study, the automorphisms zero divisor graphs of such rings in which the product of any four zero divisor is zero has been determined.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Management on Productivity, Cost Economics and Energy Use Efficiency in Sesame
Authors: Sujatha V. , Saritha R. , Sirisha A. B. M.
Published: June 2023

Field experiments were carried out to assess the soil physicochemical properties, yield, quality, energy use and profit analysis of sesame and under organic vis-à-vis conventional production systems for three consecutive seasons. The soil organic C, available N, P, K and micronutrients recorded a slight rise in the organic production system over three seasons. The mean total energy input expended in the production of sesame using organic inputs was much lower (3,586.9 MJ ha-1) compared to that with inorganic fertilizers (5,156.3 MJ ha-1). Manures/Fertilizers and diesel inputs dominated the total energy inputs for both the production systems. However, the energy output obtained was higher in the inorganic production system (12,000 MJ) than in organic production system (9,375 MJ). The cost of cultivation of sesame was Rs. 12807 ha-1 and Rs. 16413 ha-1 under inorganic and organic farming, respectively. Organic sesame yield was about 22 per cent less compared to inorganic production system. At least 40% price premium for organic sesame may be required to offset the higher cost of cultivation and low yields under organic production system compared with inorganic production system especially during initial years. Renewable energy input utilization was higher (66 %) in organic than in inorganic production systems (13%). Energy efficiency and productivity was higher in organic than inorganic sesame production system by 12 per cent and 10 per cent, respectively. Since, the organic production system is more energy efficient and it is recommended that sesame production under organic farming should be encouraged for environmental and economic sustainability.
Effect of Establishment Methods and Organic Nutrient Management Practices on Productivity and Profitability of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) in Lateritic Soils of Odisha
Authors: Bandita Subhashree , Tripathy Suchismita , Bastia Dilip Kumar , Jena Satyananda , Sahoo S. K.
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was carried out during kharif seasons in 2020 and 2021 at Agronomy Main Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar to study effect of crop establishment method and organic nutrient management on finger millet ('Arjuna' variety). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of 2 methods of crop establishment viz. conventional method of line transplanting (20 cm x 10 cm) and system of finger millet intensification (25 cm X 25 cm ) in main plot with application of 4 organic nutrient sources viz. farm yard manure (FYM) @ 100% recommended nitrogen dose (RDN), FYM @ 50% RDN (basal) + Vermicompost @ 50% RDN (top dressing) and FYM @ 25% RDN (basal) + toria oil cake @ 25% RDN (basal) + Vermicompost @ 50 % RDN (topdressing) allotted to sub plot in finger millet during Kharif season. System of finger millet intensification (SFMI) method of establishment resulted in superior yield attributes, grain yield (2,051 kg ha-1), straw yield (2,901 kg ha-1) and harvest index (41.42%) in finger millet than line transplanting. Yield attributes, grain yield (2,092 kg ha-1), straw yield (2,889 kg ha-1 ) and harvest index (42.00 %) were higher with the application of FYM @ 50% RDN (basal) + Vermicompost @ 50 % RDN (top dressing) in finger millet and was statistically similar with application of FYM @ 25% RDN (basal) + toria oil cake @ 25% RDN (basal) + Vermicompost @ 50 % RDN (top dressing). The benefit cost ratio was higher in SFMI and with the application of FYM @ 50% RDN (basal) + Vermicompost @ 50 % RDN (top dressing) to finger millet.
Influence of Biofertilizers and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Barley
Authors: Sumit  , Singh Rajesh
Published: June 2023

The field experiment entitled “Influence of Biofertilizers and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Barley" was conducted during Rabi season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm in the Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh. The treatment consisted of Biofertilizers [Azotobacter, PSB and Azotobacter + PSB], Zn (20, 25 and 30 kg/ha) and a control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (8.0), Organic Carbon (0.62%), Available N (225 kg/ha), Available P (38.2 kg/ha) and Available K (240.7 kg/ha). Application of Azotobacter + PSB and Zn 30 kg/ha recorded growth parameters and yield attributes like, highest plant height (107.63 cm), maximum number of tillers/running row meter (66.32), higher Plant dry weight (22.31 g), maximum number of effective tillers/m2 (278.85), maximum number of grains/spike (52.27), higher grain yield (4.29 t/ha) and straw yield (6.72 t/ha).
Enhancement of a Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System by Applying a Bio-tower - A Project for Improving our Environmental Footprint
Authors: Dölle Klaus
Published: June 2023

To investigate if decentralized wastewater treatment systems impact on the environment performance can be improved, a Field Bio-tower Tank Septic system was designed, installed on an existing 1,500-gal (5678 l) decentralized wastewater treatment system. The system was started up during a 14-day start-up phase, followed by a 130-day test phase. The system was operated at an average hydraulic retention time of 16.7 days based on a 90 gal (204.4 l) daily influent wastewater flow.

The systems recirculation flow for the bio-tower was 22.6 l/min (6 gal/min) for the start-up phase and 40.0 l/min (10.6 gal/min) for the test period with a corresponding recirculation of the entire septic tank from 5.7 to 10.1 times a day respectively.

During the testing period a daily average temperature of 19.3°C (66.7°F) and an average rainfall of 5 l/m² was observed. The FBST system operated at an average influent pH level and temperature of 8.6 and 22.0°C. The average effluent pH and temperature was 8.5 of 20.9°C.

The installed system reduced on average the influent TS from 79151 mg/l to 43021 mg/l and showed an average reduction of the TDS from 36424 mg/l to 21965 mf/l. The TSS and VSS was reduced on average from 94.1 mg/l to 69.9 mg/l and 89.0 mg/l to 64.9 mg/l.

NH3-N content was reduced from 57.5 mg/l in the influent to 53.4 mg/l in the effluent. The average BOD and COD was reduced from the average influent value of 88.2 mg/l and 318.2 mg/l to 66.8 mg/l and 256.2 mg/l respectively. However, at the end of the 130-day test period BOD and COD values were the lowest at 15.5 mg/l and 56.0 mg/l respectively, indicating bacteria cultures are well established and the system operation of the FBTS system is mostly constant.

This research showed that the FBST system can improve operations of a DWWTS system significantly reducing the effluent load over 10 times compared to the influent load of the system.
Study on the Therapeutic Properties of Herbs and Their Utilization in the Development of Value-Added Products: A Review
Authors: Patil Aarti , Singh Sury Pratap
Published: June 2023

India has the largest population of cattle in the world and also ranks first in consumption considering it as having a huge demand for dairy and value-added dairy products. A wide range of dairy products is already available in the market like butter, cheese, labneh, ice cream, buttermilk, custard, etc. Yogurt is one of the oldest consumed dairy products with several benefits as it contains various microorganisms such as Lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. which ferment the product and it helps in improving the nutritional value of the product. Yogurt contains a rich source of B vitamins, lactose, proteins, and minerals. To enhance its nutritional value herbs and fruits can be added to it. Herbs are a type of plant whose leaves and seeds have a wide range of use in medicines, adding flavor, cooking, etc. Herbs are anti-inflammatory, have antioxidants, boost the immune system, and have several other health benefits. Different types of herbs and their health benefits were studied such as Ashwagandha, Arjuna, Cinnamon, Sage, Aloe vera, Tulsi, and Peppermint. Fruits are added to dairy products to enhance their flavor and nutritional value. Fruits are a good source of vitamins and minerals. In this review paper, we discuss the nutritional prospects of yogurt supplemented with herbs.
A Study on Protection of Incapable Persons in the Code of Persons and Family of Mali
Authors: Traore Moussa Sékou , Samassekou Mamoudou
Published: June 2023

In contemporary legislation, every individual has, throughout his or her life, legal personality, the main attribute of which is legal capacity, generally defined as the capacity to hold rights and obligations.

If the child from birth and even, in many laws, from conception has legal personality, it has however neither the will nor the intelligence necessary to run its own business.

An adult can also be the result of a physical or legal disability. The incapacity to exercise of certain adults and minors implies the intervention of one or more structures to act in their place or with them.

This article gives the position of the Persons and Family Code of Mali, which was adopted in December 2011 for the protection of these disabilities. To do this, the main methodology used is research and documentary analysis, with sometimes a little comparative law.
Approaches for integrating evidence of the effectiveness of actions in conservation funding to inspire more effective practice
Authors: Al‐Fulaij Nida , Abbott Pamela , Bowmer Alex , Cope David , de Zoeten Tiago , Foulks Guy , Frick Winifred F. , Funk Stephan M. , Gibbs Douglas , Gupta Lauren , Heard Nicolas , Holmes Becky , Kowalska Aida , Mickleburgh Simon , Muir Matthew , Nuijten Rascha J. M. , Parks Danni , Reid Hannah , Van Ryzin Paul , Wheeler Lisa , Zhang Yingyi , Ockendon Nancy
Published: January 2025

In the midst of a biodiversity crisis, it is critical that commonly used interventions to protect wildlife and recover losses are effective and learnings are widely shared. It is acknowledged that considerable gains could be made for society and biodiversity if conservation practices build on existing evidence of effectiveness.

While funders can have a positive effect on conservation by funding effective conservation actions, their potential role in changing common practice is less well acknowledged. We believe that those providing funds could have a significant impact on the use of evidence, and thus practice, by encouraging and demonstrating best practice.

We represent 18 funder organisations that ask applicants to reflect on and present available evidence, when requesting financial support, to justify why they believe their suggested management actions are likely to be effective. We use a variety of approaches to encourage and ensure the integration of evidence and provide the details of those here to encourage adoption (and adaption) by other funders. They range from simple requests for evidence in application forms to substantial support in designing a project (potentially including testing an action where evidence is lacking), depending on the scale, length and topic of proposed work.

Reflecting on our experiences, we provide recommendations to help other funders adopt a more evidence‐based approach. These include considering how funders could improve funding impact, communicating with other funders to learn and adapt and the need to provide support to grantees to access evidence of effectiveness, explain different evidence types, how to use evidence in different contexts and what to do when no evidence exists.

Practical implication. Funders have a unique role in setting expectations, providing guidance and helping advance how we do conservation work, through a unified approach. The gains we envisage from widespread adoption of funders asking for evidence of actions are that conservationists become used to reflecting on available evidence when planning projects and it becomes easier for funders to select and support effective approaches and evidence‐led practitioners. As conservation practice becomes increasingly professional and impactful, more funders will be attracted, ensuring even greater effectiveness.
Dimensionally Confined Growth in Nanometer‐Sized Hierarchical Heterostructures: Nanoscale Visualization of Enhanced Magnetic and Electric Interactions
Authors: Liu Yihao , Zhou Xiaodi , Chen Guanyu , Zhang Ruixuan , Yuan Mingyue , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Huibin , Xiong Xuhui , Lv Hualiang , Che Renchao
Published: January 2025

Quantum size effects and interfacial dimensional interactions enable nanometer‐scale hierarchical heterostructures to adjust band structures by energy level discretization, impurity level formation, and band inversion, allowing for controlled carrier localization and directional relaxation. These unique characteristics show great potential for applications in ferroelectrics, optoelectronics, capacitors, and sensors. Yet, optimizing performance by fine‐tuning the dimensional properties of nanoscale systems, especially size and composition, remains a considerable challenge. Here a dimensionally confined controlled synthesis of hierarchical heterostructures is reported through a pyrolysis‐based metal‐organic framework‐on‐metal‐organic framework (MOF‐on‐MOF) strategy, resulting in continuous metal‐carbon and carbon‐oxide interfaces below 50 nm. Off‐axis electron holography and theoretical calculations are utilized to visualize the dynamic conversion between localized and free electrons, as well as the relaxation processes and high‐density magnetic coupling at the nanoscale. These phenomena are rarely observed in micron‐scale or non‐hierarchical heterostructures. These improvements lead to significantly enhanced magnetic and dielectric properties, allowing for efficient interaction with high‐frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields, as indicated by a loss of bandwidth covering the full C‐band. Future work will explore constructing these interfaces with targeted materials to examine new properties, such as topological behavior, ferrimagnetism, and giant magnetoresistance, with applications in sustainability and optoelectronic technology.
Consolidating Surface Lattice via Facile Self‐Anchored Oxygen Layer Reconstruction Toward Superior Performance and High Safety Nickel‐Rich Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Shi Qi , Dong Jinyang , Wang Meng , Lu Yun , Liu Yun , Liu Jinzhong , Li Ning , Huang Qing , Su Yuefeng , Wu Feng , Chen Lai
Published: January 2025

Nickel‐rich oxide materials have been recognized as promising cathodes for state‐of‐art high energy lithium‐ion batteries; however, challenges remain in their commercialization due to chemical and structural degradation, poor thermal stability related to oxygen lattice destabilization. Herein, this work reports a straightforward approach to stabilizing the surface oxygen framework by inducing surface reconstruction via swift proton exchange and heat treatment in argon atmosphere. The robust surface structure with localized disordered phase domains effectively suppresses interfacial parasitic reactions in highly delithiated cathodes and reduces detrimental phase degradation. Enabled by the strongly anchored oxygen framework, the consolidated surface lattice also reinforces cathode thermal stability featured by higher decomposition temperature and reduced oxygen release under thermal stress. In comparison to the unmodified counterpart, the reconstructed nickel‐rich cathode demonstrates improved cycling stability and rate capability. This work reveals the critical role of regulating surface oxygen framework on the electrochemical performance and thermal behaviors, and explores the potential for feasible modification of nickel‐rich cathodes for advanced lithium‐ion batteries.
Atomically Dispersed Cu Active Centers: Local Structure and Mechanism Modulation for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Qin Xupeng , An Qizheng , Shang Jinqiu , Zhang Xiuxiu , Liu Qinghua
Published: January 2025

Reducing carbon dioxide （CO2）to high‐value products using green renewable energy is a promising approach for addressing energy and greenhouse effect issues. Consequently, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) technology has become a current research hotspot. Since the discovery of the high activity and selectivity of copper in the CO2RR, atomically dispersed Cu catalysts have garnered widespread attention due to their efficient atom utilization, unique electronic structure, and outstanding catalytic performance. However, a great challenge remains in providing rational catalyst design principles to achieve the regulation of product distribution. A clear understanding of catalytic materials and an in‐depth interpretation of the mechanism as well as the elucidation of the design strategy and research progress toward different products are the keys to building the understanding for solving the above problem. Therefore, this review starts with the introduction of advanced characterization techniques to reveal catalyst structure and reaction mechanisms. Then, various optimization strategies and the applications of atomically dispersed Cu catalysts in producing various high‐value targeted products are summarized and discussed. Finally, the perspectives on atomically dispersed Cu catalysts in the CO2RR field toward future development are offered.
Three‐Level Nanoparticle Rocket Strategy for Colorectal Cancer Therapeutics in Photothermal Therapy, Inflammation Modulation, and Cuproptosis Induction
Authors: Shang Wenting , Xia Xueer , Zhu Yuting , Chen Qianyun , Rao Xi , Huang Ling , Tu Yingfeng , Chen Hao , Tian Hongxia , Lin Meiyin , Zheng Yue , Liu Bin , Li Zhou , Han Shuai , Liu Jianhua
Published: January 2025

Disturbances in intracellular copper (Cu) homeostasis can trigger cuproptosis, a new form of cell death, which, when combined with photothermal therapy (PTT), offers a promising solution to the persistent challenges in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. In this study, a “three‐level nanoparticle rocket” strategy is developed by engineering Cu5.4O, a multifunctional Cu‐based nanoenzyme that is photothermal and has electron transfer properties and antioxidant efficiency. Cu5.4O effectively remodels the inflammatory environment by scavenging reactive oxygen species, thereby overcoming the traditional limitations of PTT. Concurrently, Cu5.4O releases substantial amounts of Cu+ into malignant cells, disrupting Cu homeostasis, inducing cuproptosis, and ultimately inhibiting tumor progression. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that Cu5.4O operates through multiple successive and interlocking stages to significantly eradicate tumors, prevent relapse, and prolong survival. This study provides profound insights into the synergistic effects of PTT, inflammatory regulation, and cuproptosis within the complex tumor microenvironment, presenting innovative approaches for future CRC therapy.
Tailoring Nanopore Geometry in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membranes through Physical Stretching and Controlled Anodization
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chun , Chen Yi‐Fan , Lin Yu‐Chun , Zheng You‐Hao , Lee Lin‐Ruei , Chang Ming‐Hsuan , Ho Jhih‐Hao , Lin Yu‐Liang , Chen Jiun‐Tai
Published: January 2025

The fabrication and application of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes with tailored nanopore geometries have profound implications in materials science and engineering. This study introduces a refined physical stretching method combined with precisely controlled anodization conditions to manipulate the anisotropy of nanopores in AAO membranes. By employing high‐purity aluminum sheets and varying electrolytes such as sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, and phosphoric acid, anisotropic shapes are carried out with aspect ratios varying based on the applied mechanical forces and electrolytic conditions. The capability to produce AAO membranes with non‐uniform pore distributions is also demonstrated by applying irregular stretching forces, revealing the potential for creating customized nanostructures. The anisotropic AAO membranes serve as effective templates for synthesizing polymer nanorods, indicating their utility in guiding the formation of advanced nanomaterials with specific directional properties. Our results showcase the role of mechanical and chemical parameters in tailoring nanoscale material properties. The versatility of horizontally anisotropic AAO membranes in nanofabrication enables better control of nanopore geometry for applications in nanoelectronics, drug delivery, and biosensing.
Artificial Intelligence for Predicting HER2 Status of Gastric Cancer Based on Whole‐Slide Histopathology Images: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Liao Yuhan , Chen Xinhua , Hu Shupeng , Chen Bing , Zhuo Xinghua , Xu Hao , Wu Xiaojin , Zeng Xiaofeng , Zeng Huimin , Zhang Donghui , Zhi Yunfei , Zhao Liang
Published: January 2025

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive gastric cancer (GC) shows a robust response to the combined therapy based HER2‐targeted therapy. The application of these therapies is highly dependent on the evaluation of tumor HER2 status. However, there are many risks and challenges in HER2 assessment in GC. Therefore, an economically viable and readily available instrument is requisite for distinguishing HER2 status among patients diagnosed with GC. The study has innovatively developed a deep learning model, HER2Net, which can predict the HER2 status by quantitatively calculating the proportion of HER2 high‐expression regions. The HER2Net is trained on an internal training set derived from 531 hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) whole slide images (WSI) of 520 patients. Subsequently, the performance of HER2Net is validated on an internal test set from 115 H&E WSI of 111 patients and an external multi‐center test set from 102 H&E WSI of 101 patients. The HER2Net achieves an accuracy of 0.9043 on the internal test set, and an accuracy of 0.8922 on an external test set from multiple institutes. This discovery indicates that the HER2Net can potentially offer a novel methodology for the identification of HER2‐positive GC.
Stabilizing Schottky‐to‐Ohmic Switching in HfO2‐Based Ferroelectric Films via Electrode Design
Authors: Müller Moritz L. , Strkalj Nives , Becker Maximilian T. , Hill Megan O. , Kim Ji Soo , Phuyal Dibya , Fairclough Simon M. , Ducati Caterina , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L.
Published: January 2025

The discovery of ferroelectric phases in HfO2‐based films has reignited interest in ferroelectrics and their application in resistive switching (RS) devices. This study investigates the pivotal role of electrodes in facilitating the Schottky‐to‐Ohmic transition (SOT) observed in devices consisting of ultrathin epitaxial ferroelectric Hf0.93Y0.07O2 (YHO) films deposited on La0.67Sr0.33MnO3‐buffered Nb‐doped SrTiO3 (NbSTO|LSMO) with Ti|Au top electrodes. These findings indicate combined filamentary RS and ferroelectric switching occurs in devices with designed electrodes, having an ON/OFF ratio of over 100 during about 105 cycles. Transport measurements of modified device stacks show no change in SOT when the ferroelectric YHO layer is replaced with an equivalent hafnia‐based layer, Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO). However, incomplete SOT is observed for variations in the top electrode thickness or material, as well as LSMO electrode thickness. This underscores the importance of employing oxygen‐reactive electrodes and a bottom electrode with reduced conductivity to stabilize SOT. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing the performance of ferroelectric RS devices through integration with filamentary RS mechanism.
Exosome‐Mediated Lectin Pathway and Resistin‐MIF‐AA Metabolism Axis Drive Immune Dysfunction in Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Xiaoqian , Chen Yaoyao , Sun Xianlei , Fu Liyan , Xin Qingxuan , Zhang Huilin , Qin Bo , Sun Nannan , Li Yingmei , Xu Yan , Yang Hui , Huo Dawei , Dong Yong , Wang Shuya , Zhao Mengyun , Lin Quande , Wang Fang , Yue Baohong , Gao Yanxia , Jiang Yong , Guo Rongqun
Published: January 2025

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by reduced platelet levels and heightened susceptibility to bleeding resulting from augmented autologous platelet destruction and diminished thrombopoiesis. Although antibody‐mediated autoimmune reactions are widely recognized as primary factors, the precise etiological agents that trigger ITP remain unidentified. The pathogenesis of ITP remains unclear owing to the absence of comprehensive high‐throughput data, except for the belated emergence of autoreactive antibodies. In this study, using flow cytometry (FCM), proteomics, and single‐cell RNA sequencing of samples from patients with ITP, it is shown that exosome‐mediated lectin complement pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of ITP, which triggers and enlarges the complement activation cascade without effective regulation because of downregulated CD55. The activated complement system enhances the immune response and resistin and further Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) triggers several proinflammatory signaling pathways, which contribute to the survival of hyperactivated immune cells and dysfunctional arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. The resistin and MIF are also identified as potential contributors to resistance to glucocorticoid therapy. Taken together, the findings indicate that the lectin pathway of the complement system, resistin, MIF, and AA metabolism may serve as promising targets for ITP treatment, offering novel perspectives on potential therapeutic interventions.
Polymeric Layered Films for TiO2‐Au/CuS Tandem Photothermal Catalytic H2 Production in Harsh Seawater and Waste Plastic Media
Authors: Gao Minmin , Zhang Tianxi , Ng Serene Wen Ling , Lu Wanheng , Tian Guo , Ong Wei Li , Kozlov Sergey M. , Ho Ghim Wei
Published: January 2025

Conventional suspension photocatalysts face stability and efficiency challenges in harsh, unconditioned environments characterized by high alkalinity, salinity, and organic species in seawater and wastewater. Moreover, suspension‐based photothermal‐assisted catalysis presents further challenges, particularly concerning formation of heterojunctions between photocatalysts and photothermal materials that disrupt charge‐transfer pathways and are exacerbated by photothermal heating‐induced carrier recombination. Here, a photocatalytic system is proposed in which three key photoprocesses: photothermal, photogeneration‐charge separation, and photoredox are spatially decoupled yet coordinated, aimed at addressing prevalent challenges of photothermal‐assisted catalysis and adsorption‐mediated catalyst deactivation in harsh environments. Essentially, the proposed polymeric tandem photothermal catalytic (PTPC) film consists of TiO2/Au photocatalytic and CuS photothermal layers, spatially separated and encapsulated by polymeric layers, which serve as spacer inhibitors to conflicting photochemical‐photothermal pathways and corrosion‐resistant redox medium. The PTPC film exhibits enhanced light absorption, mass transfer, and photothermal effect, surpassing traditional suspension catalysts and enabling interfacial redox reactions on the passive film surface. The PTPC system represents a new paradigm of polymeric film photocatalysis, enabling unimpeded photoredox‐photothermal pathways and catalyst stability for application in hostile seawater and plastic waste environments. Such a paradigm can be used to develop localized, onsite solutions for photothermal H2 production that minimize logistical and environmental challenges.
Minimizing DMSO Residues in Perovskite Films for Efficient and Long‐Term Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Mo Kangwei , Zhu Xueliang , Yang Man , Xue Zexu , Li Sheng , li Mubai , Yang Yujie , Cheng Siyang , Li Hao , Lin Qianqian , Wang Zhiping
Published: January 2025

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is commonly used as a solvent in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells. However, its strong coordination with iodoplumbate makes it difficult to remove during film formation, resulting in defects and voids at the perovskite‐substrate interface, which compromise efficiency and long‐term stability. Here ethyl acrylate (EA), an unsaturated monomer that aids in the effective removal of DMSO from the perovskite film is introduce. EA forms a complex with DMSO, facilitates DMSO de‐intercalation, and enhances the co‐evaporation process thanks to its low boiling point. Additionally, by incorporating a small amount of the initiator azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), EA is successfully polymerized into polyacrylate ethyl ester (poly‐EA) during crystallization. The evaporated EA helps remove DMSO, while the poly‐EA passivates defects in the perovskite films. This dual‐function strategy significantly improves device performance, resulting in efficiencies of 25.4% for small‐area devices and 20.3% for 15 cm2 mini‐modules. Moreover, poly‐EA acts as a protective barrier against moisture and ion migration. Combined with improved DMSO removal, EA‐modulated devices demonstrate a T80 lifetime of up to 1800 h under maximum power point tracking at 55–60% relative humidity in ambient air.
From home to community: The role of parenting and religious identity in Muslim American emerging adults' civic engagement
Authors: Sanver‐Gürsoy Hatice , Cho Hyun Su , Cheah Charissa S. L. , Balkaya‐Ince Merve
Published: January 2025

This study expanded on the existing literature by examining the unique associations between maternal religious socialization, as a form of cultural socialization, along with civic socialization practices, and Muslim American emerging adults' civic engagement. In addition, the mediating role of Muslim American emerging adults' religious identity in the association between maternal socialization practices and their civic attitudes and behaviors were assessed. Participants included 329 self‐identified Muslim American emerging adults (Mage = 21.4, SDage = 1.9, 63% female). Path analysis results revealed indirect associations between maternal religious socialization and civic behaviors through religious identity private regard and a direct link between maternal civic socialization and civic attitudes. Thus, Muslim American emerging adults whose mothers engaged in transmitting their heritage values, beliefs, and virtues reported a greater sense of pride about their religious group and subsequent higher engagement in informal helping and lower engagement in political actions. Additionally, discussions about social and political issues with their mothers directly fostered Muslim American emerging adults' civic responsibility. Our findings revealed specificity in how civic engagement can be promoted and provided insights into efforts to build civic capacity for minoritized emerging adults.
A Self‐Supporting Flexible Electrode for Tracking and Reversible Quantification of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the Brains of Freely Behaving Animal
Authors: Wang Shidi , Liu Yuandong , Peng Lin‐chun , Duan Wei , Shu Yousheng , Tian Yang
Published: January 2025

Monitoring dynamic neurochemical signals in the brain of free‐moving animals remains great challenging in biocompatibility and direct implantation capability of current electrodes. Here we created a self‐supporting polymer‐based flexible microelectrode (rGPF) with sufficient bending stiffness for direct brain implantation without extra devices, but demonstrating low Young's modulus with remarkable biocompatibility and minimal position shifts. Meanwhile, screening by density functional theory (DFT) calculation, we designed and synthesized specific ligands targeting Mg2+ and Ca2+, and constructed Mg−E and Ca−E sensors with high selectivity, good reversibility, and fast response time, successfully monitoring Mg2+ and Ca2+ in vivo up to 90 days. Using this powerful tool, we discovered for the first time that, during the 4‐aminopyridine‐induced seizure in the live brain, extracellular Mg2+ inhibited Ca2+ influx. Moreover, the timing of initial changes in Mg2+ and Ca2+ levels during seizures aligned with neural pathways, which had not been previously reported.
Matrix expression of Myerson Value
Authors: Wang Fei , Feng Jun‐e , Wang Biao , Meng Qingchun
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the matrix expression of the Myerson value, a variant of the Shapley value within a class of cooperative games subject to graph constraints. A systematic and comprehensive matrix framework is proposed, encompassing the characteristic function of cooperative games, the worths of coalitions in graph‐restricted games, and the axioms governing the Myerson value. Utilizing this framework, the paper offers a rigorous reproof validating the satisfaction of the two axioms by the Myerson value and establishes its uniqueness within the context of matrix representation. Additionally, a novel formula is presented for computing the Shapley value through matrix construction, simplifying the computational process compared to the previous matrix formulations. Finally, the provided formula is applied to calculate the Myerson value of a supply chain.
Psychological capital and individual performance via social capital
Authors: Jeong Jaeyun
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes survey data from front‐line employees across three shopping malls in Myanmar to investigate the mediating role of social capital in the relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap) and individual performance. Social capital was measured using the in‐degree centrality of two types of social networks: expressive (i.e., friendship) and instrumental (i.e., advice) networks. The findings indicate that the instrumental network partially mediates the relationship between PsyCap and individual performance, but the expressive network does not. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of the utility and limitations of social exchange theory, with particular focus on the relationship between PsyCap and the expressive network.
Learning to discuss inductive effects across mechanisms – new learning opportunity to foster networked mechanistic argumentation in teacher training
Authors: Zimmermann Marc , Reiß Philipp , Schween Michael
Published: January 2025

In diesem Beitrag wird eine Lerngelegenheit für Chemiestudierende des gymnasialen Lehramts vorgestellt, die aus einem experimentellen Workshop und zusätzlichen theoretischen Aufgaben (direkt im Anschluss und vier Wochen später) bestand. Inhaltlich verknüpft sind alle Bestandteile der Lerngelegenheit über das Konzept des induktiven Effekts (bzw. der Hyperkonjugation) sowie die Deutung der experimentell beobachtbaren Reaktionskinetik mittels energetischer Betrachtungen der reaktiven Zwischenstufen. Die Auswertung der videographierten und transkribierten Deutungs‐ und Erklärungsversuche mitsamt der dabei angefertigten Diagramme zu energetischen Deutungen legt nahe, dass die Lerngelegenheit gut geeignet ist, Konzeptwissen gegenstandsübergreifend anzuwenden und mechanistische Überlegungen mit Energiebetrachtungen zu verknüpfen. In allen ausgewerteten Zweiergesprächen, die wesentlicher Bestandteil der Lerngelegenheit sind, zeigte sich eine Diskussionskultur mit durchgehend hoher kommunikativer Qualität, indem die Proband:innen unter Anwendung ihres Vorwissens und Nutzung der experimentellen Beobachtungen widerspruchsfreie Konsenslösungen erarbeiteten.