bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional fluid-driven stable frictional ruptures
Authors: Sáez Alexis , Lecampion Brice , Bhattacharya Pathikrit , Viesca Robert
Published: September 2021

We investigate the quasi-static growth of a fluid-driven frictional shear crack that propagates in mixed mode (II+III) on a planar fault interface that separates two identical half-spaces of a three-dimensional solid. The fault interface is characterized by a shear strength equal to the product of a constant friction coefficient and the local effective normal stress. Fluid is injected into the fault interface and two different injection scenarios are considered: injection at constant volume rate and injection at constant pressure. We derive analytical solutions for circular ruptures which occur in the limit of a Poisson's ratio ν=0 and solve numerically for the more general case in which the rupture shape is unknown (ν≠0). For an injection at constant volume rate, the fault slip growth is self-similar. The rupture radius (ν=0) expands as R(t)=λL(t), where L(t) is the nominal position of the fluid pressure front and λ is an amplification factor that is a known function of a unique dimensionless parameter T. The latter is defined as the ratio between the distance to failure under ambient conditions and the strength of the injection. Whenever λ>1, the rupture front outpaces the fluid pressure front. For ν≠0, the rupture shape is quasi-elliptical. The aspect ratio is upper and lower bounded by 1/(1-ν) and (3-ν)/(3-2ν), for the limiting cases of critically stressed faults (λ≫1, T≪1) and marginally pressurized faults (λ≪1, T≫1), respectively. Moreover, the evolution of the rupture area is independent of the Poisson's ratio and grows simply as Aᵣ(t)=4παλ²t, where α is the fault hydraulic diffusivity. For injection at constant pressure, the fault slip growth is not self-similar: the rupture front evolves at large times as ∝(αt)⁽¹⁻ᵀ⁾ᐟ² with T between 0 and 1. The frictional rupture moves at most diffusively (∝√(αt)) when the fault is critically stressed, but in general propagates slower than the fluid pressure front. Yet in some conditions, the rupture front outpaces the fluid pressure front. The latter will eventually catch the former if injection is sustained for a sufficient time. Our findings provide a basic understanding on how stable (aseismic) ruptures propagate in response to fluid injection in 3-D. Notably, since aseismic ruptures driven by injection at constant rate expands proportionally to the squared root of time, seismicity clouds that are commonly interpreted to be controlled by the direct effect of fluid pressure increase might be controlled by the stress transfer of a propagating aseismic rupture instead. We also demonstrate that the aseismic moment M₀ scales to the injected fluid volume V as M₀ ∝ V³ᐟ².
CARBON-BASED NANOCOMPOSITES: PROCESSING, ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Saha Mainak , Mallik Manab
Published: September 2021

The last two decades have witnessed a large volume of research revolving around structure-property correlation in carbon-based nanocomposites, synthesized by several methods. In the simplest of terms, the electronic properties of these nanomaterials, which form the present context of discussion, vary mainly as a function of three parameters, out of which two are process parameters (viz. (i) the kind of reinforcement and (ii) method of synthesis), and one is a structure-dependent parameter. The structure-dependent parameter is highly influenced by the two process parameters and plays a vital role in determining the ionic and electronic transport phenomenon in these materials. In other words, the interaction between electrons and the equilibrium 0-D (point) defects, along with different types of 2-D interfaces, plays a crucial role in the understanding of electronic properties, apart from physical and chemical properties of these materials. The present chapter provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art on research along with detailed discussions on some recent developments in understanding electronic properties of some conventional carbon-based nanocomposites (synthesized by different techniques) based on the structure-property correlation in these materials. Finally, some of the significant challenges in this field have been addressed from both industrial and fundamental viewpoints.
ɤ-TiAl alloy: On the tensile creep deformation behaviour and creep life at 832 °C
Authors: Saha Mainak
Published: September 2021

Creep deformation in single-phase ɤ-TiAl alloys manufactured using different processing techniques has been an extensively studied topic owing to the high specific strength and excellent creep properties of these alloys at temperatures between 760 and 1000°C. In addition, these lightweight and creep-resistant alloys are being presently considered as replacements to the comparatively heavier Ni-based superalloys for application in the low-pressure turbine blades of the next-generation gas turbine engines. However, there is limited information on the tensile creep deformation behaviour and creep life of ɤ-TiAl alloys at 832°C where these alloys have been reported not to exhibit steady-state creep. To this end, the present work revisits the work on understanding the tensile creep deformation behaviour of wrought single-phase ɤ-TiAl alloy by Saha [1] and is aimed to develop an understanding of the tensile creep deformation behaviour at 832°C and the influence of creep activation energy on the creep life of wrought single-phase ɤ-TiAl alloy for stress levels of 69.4 and 103.4 MPa at 832°C using Monkman–Grant [2] approach.
Collaboration to improve cross-race face recognition: Wisdom of the multi-racial crowd?
Authors: Cavazos Jacqueline G , Jeckeln Geraldine , O'TOOLE ALICE
Published: September 2021

Collaborative "wisdom-of-crowds" decision making improves face identification accuracy over individuals working alone. We examined whether collaboration improves both own- and other-race face identification. In Experiment 1, participants completed an online face-identification task on their own and with a same-race partner (East Asian dyads, N = 27; Caucasian dyad, N = 31). Collaborative decisions were completed as part of a social dyad (completing the task together) and a non-social dyad (individual scores fused independently). Social and non-social collaboration improved own- and other-race face identification accuracy equally. In Experiment 2, we examined the impact of racial diversity on collaboration for different-race dyads (N = 25), East Asian same-race dyads (N = 25), and Caucasian same-race dyads (N = 28). Performance improved equivalently for same- and different-race dyads. Collaboration can be a valuable tool for improving own- and other-race face identification in social and non-social settings.
Distinguishing Semantic Control and Phonological Control And Their Role in Aphasic Deficits: A Task Switching Investigation
Authors: McCall Joshua , van der Stelt Candace M. , DeMarco Andrew , Dickens J. Vivian , Dvorak Elizabeth , Lacey Elizabeth , Snider Sarah , Friedman Rhonda , Turkeltaub Peter
Published: September 2021

People use cognitive control across many contexts in daily life, yet it remains unclear how cognitive control is used in contexts involving language. Distinguishing language-specific cognitive control components may be critical to understanding aphasia, which can co-occur with cognitive control deficits. For example, deficits in control of semantic representations (i.e., semantic control), are thought to contribute to semantic deficits in aphasia. Conversely, little is known about control of phonological representations (i.e., phonological control) in aphasia. We developed a switching task to investigate semantic and phonological control in 32 left hemisphere stroke survivors with aphasia and 37 matched controls. We found that phonological and semantic control were related, but dissociate in the presence of switching demands. People with aphasia exhibited group-wise impairment at phonological control, although individual impairments were subtle. Several individuals with aphasia exhibited frank semantic control impairments, and these individuals had relative deficits on other semantic tasks. The present findings distinguish semantic control from phonological control, and confirm that semantic control impairments contribute to semantic deficits in aphasia.
Happy Times are Longer When We are Older: Emotions Affect Time Perception in Older Adults
Authors: Liu Tingting , Xing Cai , Zhang Xin , FUNG Helene H. , Yang Miao-miao
Published: September 2021

Emotions change people’s time perception, which has been evidenced in children and younger adults. However, older adults, who cognitively process positive stimuli to a greater extent than negative and neutral stimuli (Carstensen & Mikels, 2005), had been neglected in most empirical studies examining the role of emotion played in time perception. Using a temporal bisection task, the present study investigated age differences (Nolder =21, Nyounger=21) in time perception of negative (sad and angry), positive (happy), and neutral facial expressions. A significant age by emotion interaction in time perception was found in results, such that older adults perceived the presentation durations of happy faces longer than negative ones, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in younger adults. The present findings could be interpreted by the internal clock model and the “positivity effect” in older adults’ cognitive and affective processes.
MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE HUMAN PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE
Authors: Zagrebayev М. , Marchenko S. , Litvinenko V. , Sianov О.
Published: September 2021

The paper presents a study of a device for measuring physiological human parameters by photometry. The purpose of this paper is to design a portable software and hardware complex for monitoring the human physiological condition based on the integrated heart rate sensor and microcontroller.

In a process of the mathematical modeling of pulse signals, spectral analysis and filtering of the photoplethysmogram signal model with an additional pulse wave signal have been performed, which made it possible to determine both the range of values of pulse signal parameters and peak pulse signal detector parameters, that, in turn, provides avoiding calculation errors. Based on the obtained results of mathematical modeling, the computational algorithms of the physiological monitoring system have been optimized that have been implemented on the basis of a modern energy efficient and inexpensive microcontroller STM32F103C8.

The development of a prototype system for the study of physiological parameters has been performed using a bread-board that allows fast testing and provides the ability to quickly replace/add the necessary components of the system. The implemented monitoring system has an additional function of connection to a PC on which it is possible to display data from the pulse oximeter in terminal mode, as well as further process them in the MATLAB environment for a detailed study of the human physiological condition.

Thus, the need to create a portable software and hardware complex for monitoring the human condition, based on an integrated heart rate sensor and microcontroller, is relevant, and the designed system can be used in everyday conditions to monitor human physiological parameters such as heart rate, oxygen saturation and temperature.
THE LAWS OF MOTION IN GAUGE THEORIES OF GRAVITY
Authors: Samokhvalov S. , Hryshchenko A.
Published: September 2021

The general theory of relativity (GR) states that the matter that generates the gravitational field cannot move arbitrarily, it must obey certain equations that follow from the equations of the gravitational field as conditions for their compatibility. In this article we analyze the laws of motion of charged matter in gauge theories of gravitation with higher derivatives of field variables. Object: to consider the laws of motion in gauge theories of gravitation. Task to analyze the laws of motion of charged matter in gauge theories of gravitation with higher derivatives of field variables. Conclusions: it is proved that the equation of an arbitrary gauge field of internal symmetry regardless of the specific type of its Lagrangian can be written both in the form of Einstein's equation and in superpotential form, i.e. as an expression of the total current of gauge charges through the superpotential determined by a specific type of Lagrangian that is, in the form of the Young-Mills equations. So this is a consequence of purely-symmetry theory. Also, a statement is proved in which the constraints on the equations of some fields, which follow from the assumption of the equations of motion for other fields. Research perspectives: nowadays, scientists register gravitational waves and analyze the conditions for their emission, and interest in the problem of motion has been renewed. Note that theories of gravity with higher derivatives of field variables in the Lagrangian of the gravitational field (for example, f(R)-theories) have become very popular in the present. Note that on the basis of the laws of motion of charged matter considered in the article in the gauge theory of gravity, it is possible to successfully further investigate the laws of motion in other theories of gravity, which can be useful in various areas of theoretical and experimental physics.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF ASCORBIC ACID ON THE TITER OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND TEST FERMENTATION
Authors: Korniienko I.
Published: September 2021

The use of modern biotechnological approaches in the field of baking allows to improve the quality of finished products, reduce the duration of the technological cycle and increase the functional properties of bread. The aim of the study was to study the effect of ascorbic acid on the intensity of fermentation processes during dough maturation. The task of the work is to establish the optimal amount of improver — ascorbic acid, taking into account organoleptic, microbiological and structural-mechanical quality indicators. The intensity of microbiological and biochemical processes during dough maturation (fermentation) directly depends on the concentration of hydrogen ions compared to the total content of acid-reactive products, as well as redox potential, titrated acidity and titer of fermentation microflora.The introduction of ascorbic acid in the amount of 0.1—0.12 g/kg of flour, the fermentation time of the dough was reduced from 270 to 225 minutes, the speed and completeness of redox reactions (redox potential  -50 mV) were increased. redox potential reactions catalyzed by the enzymes peroxidases and catalases are associated with the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, which promote the action of lipoxygenase by disrupting its inhibitor - hydrogen peroxide. Experiments have confirmed the activation of the fermenting microflora of the dough and the increase of its titer. Indicators of active (pH 4.66—4.51) and titrated acidity (6.0—6.5 degrees Turner) are within the limits that fully meet the optimal conditions for the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria, which indicates the correct selection of the amount of ascorbic acid and the composition of the nutritious flour mixture.
SOME ASPECTS OF BASIC COMPUTER TRAINING OF BACHELORS IN THE CONDITIONS OF TRADITIONAL AND UNCONVENTIONAL METHODS AND FORMS OF TRAINING
Authors: Karimov K. , Karimov G.
Published: September 2021

The work is devoted to methodological problems of basic computer training of bachelors with a focus on the use of unconventional methods and forms of education.

Unconventional methods and forms of basic computer training of future bachelors are formed under the influence of a number of factors, among which today the main ones are the introduction of a competence approach in higher education and the transition to a mixed (fulltime-distance) form of education.

In the process of basic computer training, the information and computer and technological competences of bachelors of technical specialties can be formed on the basis of the use of traditional methods and forms of training. For the formation of procedural and activity competence, unconventional approaches are proposed, based on the use of quasi-professional tasks and the orientation to the formation of such general competencies as the ability to abstract thinking, analysis and synthesis in future bachelors; the ability to make informed decisions; ability to apply knowledge in practical situations, etc. The corresponding structure of the main discipline of basic computer training with the allocation of two modules, the main topics of each module and their approximate volumes is proposed.

To ensure readiness for the educational process in emergency situations, it is advisable to use the adaptive full-distance learning scheme AFDLS. Regarding the basic computer training of higher education student, the main methodological issue is the determination of rational proportions of the combination of classroom and distance work in the context of certain types of educational work, establishing criteria and procedures for the transition from one form of education to another. To ensure the possibility of promptly changing the calendar plan and eliminating the need for independent study of complex material, it is proposed in the working programs of computer disciplines to allocate blocks of as small a volume as possible that are little connected with each other.
“Everybody criticizes police, but nobody criticizes museums”: Police Headquarters and Museums as Public Culture
Authors: Walby Kevin , Piché Justin , Ferguson Matthew
Published: September 2021

Museums are increasingly placed front-and-centre in police headquarters. Based on interviews, field notes, and observations, we examine the significance of placing museums in the foyers of new police headquarters for public culture and police legitimacy. Drawing from critical heritage, cultural and policing studies literature, we argue the trend represents a strategic means of softening the image of police and creating myths central to reinforcing their legitimacy. We show that studying the representations inside police museums is crucial to comprehend how these entities depict social reality and provide frames through which the public make sense of policing and carcerality more broadly. Conceptualizing police museums as a form of public relations management that has material impacts on urban life and public culture, we reflect on what our findings mean for literature on cultural representations of “criminal justice.”
Supporting Joint Effort
Authors: Mannoe Meenakshi
Published: September 2021

In 2018, several members of Joint Effort, a solidarity group rooted in principles of prison abolition and anti-carceral feminism, gathered to share their work. Current restrictive policies being imposed by the Correctional Service of Canada have meant that Joint Effort’s valuable inreach services at the Fraser Valley Institution for Women are being eradicated through bureaucratic requirements. The current clearance system requires that members of Joint Effort submit to an invasive screening process, in order to obtain permission to enter the correctional site. This article explores the roots of abolitionist organizing in Canada, the importance of prison inreach, and the ways that correctional bodies stymie prisoner support and solidarity movements. Several suggestions for community-based responses are described, as the clearance issue impacts any allies who support people held in detention facilities across Canada.
The Lavender Way – Lavender Procedure, A Way to Defeat Breast Cancer Without Surgery: Chemotherapy or Radiation
Authors: Bretz Phillip , Bretz Phillip , Lynch Richard , Mantik David
Published: September 2021

Background: Despite advances in metabolic pathways, exosomes, ct-DNA, biomarkers, and imaging technology, breast cancer is still with us. It is a global curse, with incidence set to double in the U.S. by 2030. Increasingly, researchers blame this debacle on our persistent use of unreliable preclinical testing with mouse models. Further, while basic science understanding has exploded, we know each daughter cell is genetically different, with likely increased resistance to therapy – and increased aggressiveness. Nonetheless, our current approach requires killing every one of these daughters to the last. The authors have devised a new game plan; the new goal is to kill the very first cells, not the last ones. This can be implemented globally – with dramatic cost reduction, and more lives saved while leaving the breast intact.
Methods: The authors have created The Lavender Way, which employs multiple non-radiation diagnostic modalities. This allows us to predict within ten years in a person's lifetime when breast cancer will likely manifest. Then imaging is accelerated with modified military Infrared, ultrasound, and others to locate ultra-small breast cancers (5-8mm). Tumor analysis can determine each tumor’s aggressiveness. Via a 20-minute office procedure under local anaesthesia (i.e., Cryoablation, aka The Lavender Procedure), the tumor can be killed with the patients resuming normal activity immediately. It is both a dramatic change in treatment and, just as significant, a dramatic change in lifting the psychological burden of this dreaded disease.
Results: Group I: Ideal Patients, Group II: Less than Ideal, Group III: Strictly Palliative. All in Group I are alive after seven years except one. That one died of a fall, cancer-free, and one is alive with a local recurrence successfully treated with repeat cryoablation. Group II had one local recurrence, and one had a second primary tumor in a different location in the breast. Group III refused any other treatment and had metastatic disease. They were treated to prevent tumors from eroding through the skin. Most have died. The Lavender Way paves the way for The Lavender Procedure.
Conclusion: Ultra-small breast cancers with optimal bio-markers are ideal candidates for The Lavender Procedure (i.e., Cryoablation). All patients resumed normal activity immediately – without sutures. All patients in Group I and II patients have avoided surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.
Pengembangan Database Evaluasi Kinerja Dosen Berbasis Android di STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau
Authors: Yuneti Armi , Hamdan Hamdan , Pestalozi Donni , Putra M. Rusni Eka , Erwandi Rudi
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to manage an android-based lecturer performance database. The approach in this study uses a systems approach with a waterfall model. The steps in developing the model are; 1) requirements analysis, 2) design, 3) implementation and unit testing. 4) integration and system test. The results of the study, the results of the database expert validation include; study programs, lecturers, courses, classes, students, and reports are appropriate to use. Website expert validation is carried out on 5 indicators, namely; a) content, b) readibility, c) speed, d) technological sophistication, and e) access worth using. Conclusion, Implementation of android-based lecturer performance database is feasible to use.

Keywords: Android, Database, Lecturer Performance
Pengaruh Kerjasama Tim terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di Akademi Maritim Cirebon
Authors: Siagian Fereddy
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze studies on the effect of teamwork on employee performance. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a total sample of 51 respondents, while the sampling technique uses probability sampling method using simple random sampling technique. The results showed that the teamwork variable was obtained by t count (13,170)> t table (2,011). Then the teamwork variable partially influences the employee performance variable, with a sig value of 0,000 <from the value of 0.05. With the value of R Square obtained results of 0.783, this means that teamwork variables influence the change in Y of 0.783 or in other words the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable is 78.3% while the remaining 21.7% is caused by other variables not included researched within a research framework. Conclusion, the value of the Multiple Correlation Coefficient (R) obtained a value of 0.885 shows that there is a very strong joint relationship between the independent variables of Team Cooperation to the dependent variable, namely Employee Performance.

Keywords: Team Cooperation, Employee Performance
Evaluasi Proses Program Pendidikan Keaksaraan Dasar Perspektif Discrepancy Evaluation Model
Authors: Oktapiani Marliza
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out how to evaluate the process of literacy education programs from the perspective of the discrepancy evaluation model. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The results of this study indicate that there are gaps in the aspects of the program process which have three gaps including the preparation of learning tools (syllabus and lesson plans), improvement of reading culture, assessment of learning processes and assessment of final results. The achievements and impacts of the basic literacy education program have not been maximal in meeting basic literacy education program standards. In conclusion, the program analyzed its gaps and provided problem solving in every aspect based on the stage of the discrepancy evaluation model.

Keywords: Process Evaluation, Basic Literacy, Discrepancy Evaluation Model
Pengaruh Disiplin dan Kepemimpinan Diri dengan Kinerja Pegawai Direktorat Perkapalan dan Kelautan
Authors: Satria Bobi , Aprizawati Aprizawati , Romadhoni Romadhoni
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of discipline and self-leadership on the performance of the Directorate of Shipping and Maritime employees. The research method used in this study is a survey with the type of correlational research. The results showed the value of the correlation coefficient between leadership style and employee performance amounted to 0.613, leadership style can contribute to improving employee performance that is 37.5%. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between work discipline and employee performance is 0.710, meaning that work discipline also contributes high enough to improve employee performance by 50.4%. Furthermore, the results of correlation and multiple regression of leadership style, and work discipline together with employee performance obtained a large correlation coefficient of 0.759 or 57.6%. In conclusion, the three independent variables are leadership style (X1), and work discipline (X2), which are variables that need attention. In other words, that the three independent variables are leadership style (X1), and work discipline (X2) are variables that are effective enough to improve employee performance.

Keywords: Discipline, Leadership, Performance, Service
Manajemen Kurikulum dalam Upaya Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan
Authors: Yuhasnil Yuhasnil
Published: September 2021

The research objective is to examine curriculum management in an effort to improve the quality of education. The method used is literature study. With the aim of seeing curriculum management in improving the quality of education through improving the quality of human resources. Efforts to improve the quality of education must be supported by all parties, including managers of educational institutions at the central, regional and school levels including in the classroom. In the implementation of decentralized education in the era of regional autonomy, each region should have its own quality improvement curriculum design which is an elaboration or implementation of the education curriculum set by the center. This is in accordance with the demands of the curriculum, where both local governments and even lower levels (schools) are given the freedom to describe quality improvement programs so that in the future each region competes with each other for the advancement of education in their respective regions.

Keywords: Curriculum Management, Education Quality, Human Resources
Analisis Perencanaan Strategis Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar (PGSD) FKIP UNU Cirebon Menggunakan Metode SWOT
Authors: Herawati Endang Sri Budi , Adiman Adiman , Aliyyah Rusi Rusmiati
Published: September 2021

This research aims to: (1) To know the position of quadrant of the PGSD FKIP UNU Cirebon study program using swot method, (2) to know short-term strategic alternatives that can be applied to PGSD FKIP UNU Cirebon based on SWOT Method. The research approach used is a qualitative case study model supported by quantitative data and descriptive explanations. Data collection technique using questionnaire that first performed validity test with expert judgement technique. Data analysis techniques using Miles and Hubberman models. The results showed that: (1) the PGSD study program was in the position of quadrant II with a strength value of 0.533 and a threat 0.314. (2) The strategy that needs to be done in the PGSD FKIP UNU Cirebon is to diversify the strategy. The research conclusions are: (1) the PGSD study program of UNU Cirebon is in a fairly stable condition of ornganization, but faces many obstacles (threats); (2) The diversification strategy that must be carried out is to include academic quality, implementation of The Tri Dharma of Higher Education, and human resources.

Keyword: Strategic Planning, SWOT Method, Higher Education
Kepemimpinan Transformational, Keterlibatan Kerja, Motivasi Kerja, dan Kepuasan Kerja Mempengaruhi Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Giyanisa Ayu
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to know the relationship between transformational leadership, work engagement and work motivation against job satisfaction to enhance the employee performance in one of the public company. The methodology used was Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) by giving questionnaires to 330 operational employee of public company in Indonesia as a research sample. The results showed that transformational leadership did not have direct influence toward job satisfaction. While, work engagement and work motivation had direct influence toward and could enhance the job satisfaction. Moreover, transformational leadership had direct influence against employee performance. Work motivation did not have any direct influence on employee performance, and job satisfaction had influence on the employee performance enhancement. Therefore, it can be concluded that job satisfaction was influenced by work motivation and work engagement, whereas employee performance was influenced by transformational leadership and job satisfaction.

Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Work Motivation, Work Engagement, Job Satisfaction, Employee Performance.
SCIENTIFIC VIEW ON THE PROBLEMS OF ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITYOF MINORS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Oleh DUBINA
Published: September 2021

Background. The choice of the subject of the article is dictated by the need to clarify the state of research of the problems of the institute of responsibility of minors in administrative and legal science and their systematization. The aim of the article is to identify and systematize the main areas of scientific understanding and solving problems of administrative liability of minors in our country. Materials and methods. The empirical basis of the study were legal acts of Ukrainian legislation, scientific works of other authors in the field of administrative law. Thanks to a combination of general scientific and special methods of cognition it was possible to process the specified empirical material and to receive own scientific conclusions. Results. The article is based on the analysis of existing Ukrainian research on the peculiarities of the administrative responsibility of minors. It is emphasized that this category of persons falls under the characteristics of the so-called special subjects of administrative misconduct, which should affect their legal status as participants in proceedings on administrative offenses. It is proved that the peculiarities of bringing minors to justice, within the institution of administrative responsibility can be considered as a special «sub-institution of law». Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the main directions of scientific understanding and solving the problems of administrative responsibility of minors in our country are identified and systematized, such as: 1) review and determination of the optimal minimum age of administrative responsibility; 2) increasing the effectiveness of educational measures, the application of which to juvenile offenders provides for legislation on administrative liability; 3) improving the procedure of judicial proceedings in terms of bringing minors to justice for committing administrative offenses; 4) protection of the rights of minors prosecuted for committing administrative offenses; 5) reforming the procedure for responding to socially dangerous acts committed by children before they reach the age from which criminal liability arises. Keywords: administrative liability, liability of minors, protection of the rights of the child, minor, proceedings in cases of administrative offenses.
Training set formation in machine learning problems (review)
Authors: Parasich Andrey , Parasich Victor , Parasich Irina
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Proper training set formation is a key factor in machine learning. In real training sets, problems and errors commonly occur, having a critical impact on the training result. Training set need to be formed in all machine learning problems; therefore, knowledge of possible difficulties will be helpful. Purpose: Overview of possible problems in the formation of a training set, in order to facilitate their detection and elimination when working with real training sets. Analyzing the impact of these problems on the results of the training.  Results: The article makes on overview of possible errors in training set formation, such as lack of data, imbalance, false patterns, sampling from a limited set of sources, change in the general population over time, and others. We discuss the influence of these errors on the result of the training, test set formation, and training algorithm quality measurement. The pseudo-labeling, data augmentation, and hard samples mining are considered the most effective ways to expand a training set. We offer practical recommendations for the formation of a training or test set. Examples from the practice of Kaggle competitions are given. For the problem of cross-dataset generalization in neural network training, we propose an algorithm called Cross-Dataset Machine, which is simple to implement and allows you to get a gain in cross-dataset generalization. Practical relevance: The materials of the article can be used as a practical guide in solving machine learning problems.
RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MODE PARAMETERS OF THE WATER-VACUUM EXTRACTION PROCESS ON THE YIELD OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES INONOTUS OBLIQUUS
Authors: Safin Ruslan , Mukhametzyanov Shamil , Safina Albina , Galyavetdinov Nour , Gubernatorov Valeriy
Published: September 2021

Inonotus obliquus or chaga birch mushroom has a fairly wide range of applications in the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries due to the wide range of biologically active substances it contains. The analysis of foreign and domestic studies testifies to the ongoing research in the field of extraction of valuable components from chaga, however, issues of intensification of processes and the development of new methods of extraction remain topical. One of these methods is the water-vacuum extraction of chaga, which consists in alternating the stages of the process at atmospheric and reduced pressure. The aim of the study is to determine the optimal time parameters of the individual stages of the water-vacuum extraction of chaga to optimize the operating parameters of the process. The object of the study was chaga collected in forest plantations in central Russia in the spring season, and crushed to particles ranging in size from 0.1 to 1.2 mm. The experiments were carried out on a laboratory version of a vacuum extraction unit, which allows for the classical infusion and extraction of chaga at various variations in the pressure of the medium. Studies have shown that preliminary evacuation of dry raw materials and the introduction of a rarefied medium into the process of water extraction of chaga makes it possible to intensify the extraction process and has a positive effect on the yield and activity of extractive substances. It has been established that the preliminary evacuation of crushed chaga makes it possible to increase the efficiency of subsequent extraction and to increase the yield of valuable components by 15-18%. The optimal time for this stage was 5 minutes. The effective duration of the infusion step at atmospheric pressure was 30 minutes, and the subsequent evacuation is expediently carried out for 10 minutes. Based on the results of the presented work, the optimal scheme for carrying out the process of water-vacuum extraction of chaga was determined.
RESEARCH ON THE BOTANICAL AND PHARMACOGNOSTIC PARTICULARITIES OF THE INDIGENOUS SPECIES LYSIMACHIA NUMMULARIA L.
Authors: Felicia Suciu , Mariana Arcuș , Cosmin Roșca Adrian , Laura Bucur , Antoanela Popescu , Victoria Badea
Published: September 2021

"Preliminary pharmacochemical research on Lysimachia nummularia L. was performed by dint of pharmacognostic analysis (macroscopic examination, global chemical analysis, preliminary quantitative determinations).The article includes the analysis of the macroscopic characters of the vegetative organs (root, stem and leaf), as well as of the reproductive organs (flower, fruit, seed) belonging to the spontaneous native species Lysimachia nummularia L. Morphological features were described and discussed. The identification of these aspects was done with the naked eye, but also with the help of a hand magnifier and a binocular magnifier. The results revealed that the external appearance of the plant justifies the species belonging to the genus Lysimachia, family Primulaceae. They are found in the glabrous and creeping appearance of the plant, opposite, almost round leaves, solitary, yellow flowers, axillary with vigorous pedicels, perianth pentamer, actinomorphic, dialisepal and dialipetal, globular capsule fruit. The semi-hydrophilic nature is found in the presence of adventitious roots that develop both from the rhizome and at the nodes of the stem. The preliminary quantitative determinations performed were loss by drying as well as soluble substances of the species Lysimachia nummularia L. Following the global chemical analysis, active principles known in the literature for the antioxidant potential were identified. Following the preliminary quantitative determinations (drying loss, determination of soluble substances) results comparable to those in the literature on the content of volatile substances and soluble substances were obtained."
SARS-COV-2 CORONAVIRUS: NOMENCLATURE, CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE, HISTORY, SYMPTOMS EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSES, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION
Authors: Al-Khalaifah Hanan , Al-Otaibi Mohammad , Al-Ateeqi Abdulaziz
Published: September 2021

With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic in December 2019 in China, and the alarming rate at which it has spread across the world has unleashed not only fear, but has taken a toll on social, economic, health, and governing capabilities of the various countries infected with the virus. The pandemic is affecting all aspects of life, including industries such as the animal production industry all over the world. This includes plant, livestock and poultry production. Food security is accordingly impacted, as these industries are vital elements that are contributing to securing food to populations worldwide. In this review, light is shed on the origin of coronaviruses with special emphasis on COVID-19. It also includes introduction of symptoms, epidemiology and pathogenesis, etiology, and prevention. As the disease progresses, scientists are working around the clock in the hope of an effective vaccine, and they managed to introduce some to the worldwide populations. The world faces challenges on a day-to-day basis until most people are vaccinated.
LONG-PERIOD SURFACE-RELATED MULTIPLE SUPPRESSION IN 2D MARINE SEISMIC DATA USING PREDICTIVE DECONVOLUTION AND COMBINATION OF SURFACE-RELATED MULTIPLE ELIMINATION AND PARABOLIC RADON FILTERING
Authors: Sittipan Pimpawee , Wongpornchai Pisanu
Published: September 2021

Some of the important petroleum reservoirs accumulate beneath the seas and oceans. Marine seismic reflection method is the most efficient method and is widely used in the petroleum industry to map and interpret the potential of petroleum reservoirs. Multiple reflections are a particular problem in marine seismic reflection investigation, as they often obscure the target reflectors in seismic profiles. Multiple reflections can be categorized by considering the shallowest interface on which the bounces take place into two types: internal multiples and surface-related multiples. Besides, the multiples can be categorized on the interfaces where the bounces take place, a difference between long-period and short-period multiples can be considered. The long-period surface-related multiples on 2D marine seismic data of the East Coast of the United States-Southern Atlantic Margin were focused on this research. The seismic profile demonstrates the effectiveness of the results from predictive deconvolution and the combination of surface-related multiple eliminations (SRME) and parabolic Radon filtering. First, predictive deconvolution applied on conventional processing is the method of multiple suppression. The other, SRME is a model-based and data-driven surface-related multiple elimination method which does not need any assumptions. And the last, parabolic Radon filtering is a moveout-based method for residual multiple reflections based on velocity discrimination between primary and multiple reflections, thus velocity model and normal-moveout correction are required for this method. The predictive deconvolution is ineffective for long-period surface-related multiple removals. However, the combination of SRME and parabolic Radon filtering can attenuate almost long-period surface-related multiple reflections and provide a high-quality seismic images of marine seismic data.
PERIODIC DRAFT TILLAGE FORCES IN SOIL WORKING PROCESSES OF AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
Authors: Petru Cardei , Marius Oprescu Remus , Vergil Muraru , Sebastian Muraru , Cornelia Muraru-Ionel
Published: September 2021

The article presents results of the mathematical modelling of the tensile strength for equipment for opening and compartmentalizing watering furrows. This agricultural machine develops a less common traction force, with two components, one of which with oscillates behavior. The mathematical model given in the paper provides calculation formulas for the static component and for the dynamic component. Model constants are used to calibrate the model using existing experimental data for this type of machine. The paper it is specified the dynamics problems of agricultural machines in which such models are needed
A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER USING CHICKEN FEATHERS
Authors: Gupta Vandana , Nair Athira , Pandey Saurabh
Published: September 2021

Since the last few decades, environmental remediation through a sustainable approach is gaining importance. One such attempt has been made in the present work to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents using one of the most prominent animal wastes, the chicken feathers. Biosorption has been a promising technique to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents. In the present work, cleaned but untreated chicken feathers were used to remove Cu(II) ions from electroplating industry wastewater. The physicochemical characteristics like colour, pH, ash content, iodine number and bulk density of chicken feathers were also determined. The FT-IR spectrum of chicken feathers did not show a recognizable difference after biosorption which indicated physical adsorption. The adsorption isotherm study showed that the Freundich isotherm model was the best fit as compared to Langmuir isotherm model. The results obtained were supported statistically by using Chi-square test. In the desorption study, EDTA was found to be a most effective desorbing agent in comparison with acid, alkali and deionized water. Thus, the present work explores the efficiency of chicken feathers to act as biosrbent as remove heavy metals from industrial effluents in a simple, economic and sustainable manner
CHANGES IN THE VANADIUM MIGRATION FORMS ON GEOCHEMICAL BARRIERS IN THE RIVER-SEA MIXING ZONES
Authors: Khoroshevskaya Victoria
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of vanadium, a metal capable of stimulating the growth of phytoplankton in situ and has the greatest biological activity in dissolved form. The pattern of an increase in the concentration of vanadium dissolved forms in the mixing zones during the transition from river waters to seawaters is known. In this article, we examine the behavior, ratio and change in the concentrations of vanadium dissolved and suspended forms during the passage of geochemical barriers. The estuarine zone of the Razdolnaya River–Amur Bay (Sea of Japan) is considered as "river-sea" mixing zone. Modelling of physicochemical processes was carried out using the Selector-S and MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2 software systems. Ion-associative models of sea and river water were built and the modelling of the process of their mixing was carried out using the Selector-S software package. The sorption process was simulated using the MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2 software package. The results of modelling physicochemical processes occurring at geochemical barriers help to understand the reasons for changes in concentrations, both total vanadium and biologically active dissolved vanadium forms, during the passage of geochemical barriers in the "river-sea" mixing zones. The results showed that there is a change in the dissolved forms of vanadium migration, their transformation and an increase in the concentration of dissolved forms of vanadium at the geochemical barrier
ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF POTENTIAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE CHETTABA FOREST (ALGERIA)
Authors: Alia Zerrouki , Lilia Redjaimia , Karima Kara , Malika Rached-Kanouni
Published: September 2021

In view of the challenges facing forest management today (global warming, increased demand for wood energy), taking account of biodiversity in forests is an immediate necessity. The aim of this work is to estimate the biodiversity of the Chettaba forest by studying these structural elements which provide indirect information on the state of biological diversity and aims to provide the first elements of an answer for the construction of a potential biodiversity index (PBI). This diagnostic tool is based on the scoring of a set of ten factors, seven of which are dependent on recent forest management and three independent of it. A score from 0 to 5 is assigned to each factor. The results show that the potential forest biodiversity is average in the Chettaba massif. The average or rather low values of the criteria in the investigated forest often depend on climate, soil and human actions.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF SURFICIAL URANIUM DEPOSITS: OUM DHEROUA CASE STUDY (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC MAURITANIA)
Authors: Kurylo Mariia , Virshylo Ivan
Published: September 2021

Uranium deposits and resources are considered as an important raw material base for the implementation of scenarios for the green and clean energy transition. Traditionally discussed risks of potential environmental impacts of Uranium projects development could be subdivided by deposit type. Surficial type mineralization connected to the calcretes in shallow paleovalleys or playas has many specific features which might be analysed separately. Case study of Oum Dheroua Uranium project in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania shows an unexpected lower estimation of environmental risks comparatively to conventional Uranium projects despite to open-pit mining technology. The reasons for such estimation, connected to geographic location, the inclusion of Uranium minerals in natural ecosystems and low scale of deposits (both in grade and size sense). Potential by-products (Vanadium and Strontium) are not part of environmental factors assessment.