bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Research on the Effect of Physicochemical Properties on the Cytotoxicity of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Hao Fang , Yan Zhu‐Ying , Yan Xiu‐Ping
Published: August 2022

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been utilized with increasing interest in various fields, including gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensing, adsorption, and biomedicine. Recently, the scale‐up production and commercialization of MOFs have paved their way to real‐world applications. However, the accidental and intentional exposures of MOFs to humans and organisms make an increasing concern on their health risks and sustainable development. Thus, toxicity assessment is essential for the application of MOFs. In vitro toxic evaluation based on cell culture is low cost, fast, and high throughput, making it an ideal model in toxicity research. To understand the cytotoxicity of MOFs, a short review on the effect of key physicochemical factors on cytotoxicity is necessary. Herein, the application of MOFs is summarized and the possible exposure routes of MOFs to humans are discussed. Moreover, the key physicochemical factors affecting the cytotoxicity of MOFs such as chemical composition, size, and shape are also elucidated. It is expected that this short review helps to understand the cytotoxicity of MOFs and sheds light on the importance of the toxicity assessment of MOFs.
A New Figure of Merit for Solar Charging Systems: Case Study for Monolithically Integrated Photosupercapacitors Composed of a Large‐Area Organic Solar Cell and a Carbon Double‐Layer Capacitor
Authors: Delgado Andrés Rodrigo , Berestok Taisiia , Shchyrba Kateryna , Fischer Anna , Würfel Uli
Published: August 2022

The global trend toward automatization and miniaturization of smart devices has triggered the development of reliable off‐grid power sources with low economic and environmental impact. Such autonomy can be provided when a photovoltaic cell is integrated with an electrochemical double‐layer capacitor in one monolithic power pack. This work demonstrates a reliable and straightforward approach to monolithically integrate high‐performance organic solar cells with mesoporous nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosphere‐based supercapacitors in a single device with a three‐electrode configuration. To assess the efficiency of the device, a novel approach is presented that relies on the direct monitoring of both integrating parts during illuminated and dark phases and accounts for possible losses. The evaluation with the standard literature approach shows an outstanding performance of the integrated photosupercapacitor with a peak photoelectrochemical energy conversion efficiency of 17%. However, this type of efficiency does not properly represent the real overall efficiency of the device. Based on the newly developed efficiency calculation, a more modest overall cycle efficiency of 2% is obtained, which represents the overall performance of the integrated device in a better way. This versatile evaluation approach is applicable for all kinds of integrated multifunctional photoconversion–storage systems.
Improving the Performance of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production through Adjusting the Size of Defective Quantum Dots Co‐Catalyst Affected by Intramolecular Steric Hindrance on Thermal Stability of Functional Groups
Authors: Lian Cuifang , Yu Zebin , Sun Lei , Jiang Ronghua , Hou Yanping , Huang Jun , Chen Jianhua , Zhong Tao , Chen Huajiao , Fan Ben
Published: August 2022

Quantum dots (QDs) co‐catalysts have been extensively studied in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production (PHP) due to their limited domain effect. However, how to adjust the size of QDs co‐catalysts remains a big challenge. Herein, Ni2P QDs co‐catalysts are synthesized via phosphating metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Due to the intramolecular steric hindrance on the thermal stability of functional groups: electron‐giving functional groups ‐NH2, ‐OH, and electron‐absorbing functional group ‐COOH, the electronic symmetry of organic ligands and the coordination with metal ions is affected, resulting in three sizes of Ni2P QDs co‐catalysts in the phosphating process, and the smallest one has the highest interfacial charge injection efficiency and transfer rate. Meanwhile, the carbon defects of the carbon skeleton produced in the phosphating process, in which the band position is lower than the conduction band of the Zn0.5Cd0.5S (ZCS) catalyst, can effectively collect electrons and inhibit the recombination of photocarriers to a greater extent, and Ni defects adjust the internal electronic structure of Ni2P QDs. The results of experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Ni2P@ZCS has excellent electronic structure and electron transfer efficiency. Thus, the best PHP performance of Schottky junctions Ni2P@ZCS is achieved with the combined efforts of QDs co‐catalysts and defects.
Validation of new ultrasound algorithm for estimating prevalence of anal sphincter trauma in a urogynecological population
Authors: Dietz H. P. , Shek K. L. , Low G. K.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of major perineal trauma in a urogynecological population, to test the predictive value of sonographic tear grading (Gillor algorithm) for anal incontinence (AI), AI bother score and St Mark's score, and to compare the predictive power of the Gillor algorithm with that of the residual‐defect method.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 721 women attending a tertiary urogynecology unit between February 2019 and May 2021. All women underwent a standardized interview, including determination of St Mark's score and visual analog scale (VAS) bother score for AI, as well as exoanal (translabial) ultrasound with later offline analysis. Results were reported as the presence of a residual defect of the external anal sphincter (EAS), i.e. a discontinuity of ≥ 30° in ≥ 4/6 tomographic slices, and according to the Gillor algorithm (normal, Grade 3a, Grade 3b or Grade 3c/4).

Results

Mean age at assessment was 57 (range, 19–93) years and mean body mass index was 30 (range, 17–57) kg/m2. Six hundred and thirty‐six (88.2%) women were vaginally parous and 161 (22.3%) had undergone at least one forceps delivery. AI was reported by 186/721 (25.8%) women, with a median St Mark's score of 10 (interquartile range (IQR), 6–14) and a median VAS score of 6.3 (IQR, 3.9–10). EAS defects were detected in 261 (36.2%) women, with a residual defect diagnosed in 88 (12.2%). On sonographic grading according to the Gillor algorithm, we identified 532 (73.8%) women with a normal sphincter, 66 (9.2%) with Grade‐3a tear, 87 (12.1%) with Grade‐3b tear and 36 (5.0%) with Grade‐3c/4 tear. In total, the Gillor algorithm classified 189 (26.2%) women as having suffered a major perineal tear. The two grading systems were in moderate agreement (κ, 0.537 (95% CI, 0.49–0.56); P < 0.001). There were weak, albeit significant, associations between EAS defects and measures of AI (P = 0.009 to P = 0.047), both for residual defect as well as the Gillor algorithm.

Conclusion

Neither the Gillor algorithm nor the residual‐defect method of quantifying sphincter trauma on imaging is clearly superior in terms of predicting AI. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Targeted efforts are more effective than combined approaches for sampling two rare carnivores
Authors: Golding Jessie D. , Davis Cory R. , Lamar Luke , Tomson Scott , Lewis Carly , Pilgrim Kristy , Ruby Mark , Mayernik Mike , Mckelvey Kevin
Published: August 2022

Verifying the abundance and distribution of species of conservation concern is necessary for land management agencies to determine potential impacts of management actions and for monitoring long‐term population trends. In the Rocky Mountains of the United States, Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) and wolverine (Gulo gulo) are currently species of management importance for federal land management agencies. Optimal winter methods for detecting the 2 species differ in that wolverines are generally detected using bait stations and lynx are most efficiently detected through snow‐track encounters. There has been interest in value‐added approaches such as observing track encounters while traveling to and from bait stations, to improve multispecies detection probabilities. To estimate the value of adding a track survey to bait station travel (referred to as en route surveys) compared to a stand‐alone snow track survey, we conducted both types of surveys in an area where bait stations were located in western Montana, known as the Southwestern Crown of the Continent, from 2013–2016. We collected genetic data (backtracking to genetic material once a track was encountered) and recorded the distance surveyed from both types of track surveys. Our results showed that stand‐alone track surveys were more efficient for detecting lynx than en route surveys in 2015 and 2016 and that there was no difference in track survey efficacy for wolverines across all survey years. In addition, for wolverine, both types of track surveys detected only 3 additional individuals not identified from bait stations (33 individuals total), suggesting that bait stations were the more effective method to detect wolverines. The opposite was true for lynx, with only 5 of 39 individuals identified during the study detected only from bait stations and not by track surveys (4 males and 1 female). In addition, distance surveyed during track surveys was a significant predictor of detection for both species. Our results suggest that ecology and behavior should be considered when designing noninvasive surveys for multiple target species and that complimentary and concurrent, but separate, efforts are likely more efficient for detecting species with differences in ecology and behavior.
The effect of the ratio of the radius of the hole and crack length on the multi‐field behaviors of thermoelectric materials under oblique loads
Authors: Jiang Dongdong , Zhou Yue‐Ting , Li Fenjun
Published: August 2022

This paper establishes a defect model of thermoelectric materials that the oblique multi‐field loads are applied along an arbitrary direction with the crack initiated from a circular hole, and gives both analytical solutions and finite element method (FEM) simulation. On the one hand, in virtue of the conformal mapping function and the Cauchy integral formula, the analytical solutions of electric current density, energy flux, and stress are obtained. Furthermore, the thermoelectric field intensity factors (TEIFs) and the stress intensity factors are also attained. Most notably, we apply the extreme value theorem of multivariate function to explore the effect of the ratio of the radius of the hole, R, and crack length, L, on the fields’ intensity factors of thermoelectric materials under oblique multi‐field loads. Importantly, the maximum value of the mode‐II stress intensity factor (SIF) is obtained when . On the other hand, the finite element simulation is used to explore the fracture behaviors of thermoelectric materials. The analytical solutions and the finite element simulation results are consistent. The effects of the oblique multi‐field loads on the thermoelectric field and the stress field at the crack tip are detailed. The concentration phenomenon of the thermoelectric field and the stress field at the crack tip are influenced by the radius of the circular hole, the crack length, and the directions of the loads.
Triple-product asymmetry in the radiative two-pion tau decay
Authors: Chen Cheng , Duan Chun-Gui , Guo Zhi-Hui
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In this work, we perform a detailed study of the τ− → π−π0γν decay process within the resonance chiral theory. We pay special attention to the triple-product asymmetry in the τ− → π−π0γν process. The minimal resonance chiral Lagrangian and the odd-intrinsic parity resonance operators are simultaneously included to calculate the decay amplitudes. Various invariant-mass distributions in the π−π0, π−γ and π0γ systems are studied and they reveal different resonance dynamics. We further predict the intriguing nonzero triple-product asymmetry distributions, which may provide useful guidelines for future experimental measurements conducted at the Belle-II and super tau-charm facilities.
Wick and Anti-Wick Characterizations of Linear Operators on Spaces of Power Series Expansions
Authors: Toft Joachim
Published: August 2022

We study links between Wick, anti-Wick and analytic kernel operators on the Bargmann transform side. We consider classes of kernels, whose corresponding operators agree with the sets of linear and continuous operators on spaces of power series expansions, which are Bargmann images of Pilipović spaces. We show that in several situations, the sets of Wick and kernel operators with symbols and kernels in such classes agree. We also find suitable subclasses to these kernel classes, whose corresponding sets of Wick and anti-Wick operators agree. We also show ring, module and composition properties for such classes.
Parental inputs and socio-economic gaps in early child development
Authors: Macmillan Lindsey , Tominey Emma
Published: August 2022

Around 1 in 5 individuals in OECD countries leave school without basic qualifications, impacting their own later life outcomes and those of their children. We document the impact of a compulsory schooling reform in England, which raised the education of the marginal mother from leaving school with no qualifications to having at least a basic level of qualifications, on their children’s cognitive and socio-emotional outcomes in childhood. We further estimate the causal effect of this reform on a range of parental inputs, which we show are associated with children’s human capital development. Our results suggest that family resources and parental investments, including health behaviours during pregnancy and monetary investments at home, are causally impacted by the educational reform and, when coupled with their association with human capital, can each explain between 12 and 60% of the effect of the reform on the second generation’s skills.
Molecular Quantity Variations in Human-Mandibular-Bone Osteoid
Authors: Palander Anni , Fauch Laure , Turunen Mikael J. , Dekker Hannah , Schulten Engelbert A. J. M. , Koistinen Arto , Bravenboer Nathalie , Kullaa Arja
Published: August 2022

Osteoid is a layer of new-formed bone that is deposited on the bone border during the process of new bone formation. This deposition process is crucial for bone tissue, and flaws in it can lead to bone diseases. Certain bone diseases, i.e. medication related osteonecrosis, are overexpressed in mandibular bone. Because mandibular bone presents different properties than other bone types, the data concerning osteoid formation in other bones are inapplicable for human-mandibular bone. Previously, the molecular distribution of other bone types has been presented using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. However, the spatial distribution of molecular components of healthy-human-mandibular-bone osteoid in relation to histologic landmarks has not been previously presented and needs to be studied in order to understand diseases that occur human-mandibular bone. This study presents for the first time the variation in molecular distribution inside healthy-human-mandibular-bone osteoid by juxtaposing FTIR data with its corresponding histologic image obtained by autofluorescence imaging of its same bone section. During new bone formation, bone-forming cells produce an osteoid constituted primarily of type I collagen. It was observed that in mandibular bone, the collagen type I increases from the osteoblast line with the distance from the osteoblasts, indicating progressive accumulation of collagen during osteoid formation. Only later inside the collagen matrix, the osteoid starts to mineralize. When the mineralization starts, the collagen accumulation diminishes whereas the collagen maturation still continues. This chemical-apposition process in healthy mandibular bone will be used in future as a reference to understand different pathologic conditions that occur in human-mandibular bone.
Deep learning for standardized, MRI-based quantification of subcutaneous and subfascial tissue volume for patients with lipedema and lymphedema
Authors: Nowak Sebastian , Henkel Andreas , Theis Maike , Luetkens Julian , Geiger Sergej , Sprinkart Alois M. , Pieper Claus C. , Attenberger Ulrike I.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To contribute to a more in-depth assessment of shape, volume, and asymmetry of the lower extremities in patients with lipedema or lymphedema utilizing volume information from MR imaging.

Methods

A deep learning (DL) pipeline was developed including (i) localization of anatomical landmarks (femoral heads, symphysis, knees, ankles) and (ii) quality-assured tissue segmentation to enable standardized quantification of subcutaneous (SCT) and subfascial tissue (SFT) volumes. The retrospectively derived dataset for method development consisted of 45 patients (42 female, 44.2 ± 14.8 years) who underwent clinical 3D DIXON MR-lymphangiography examinations of the lower extremities. Five-fold cross-validated training was performed on 16,573 axial slices from 40 patients and testing on 2187 axial slices from 5 patients. For landmark detection, two EfficientNet-B1 convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were applied in an ensemble. One determines the relative foot-head position of each axial slice with respect to the landmarks by regression, the other identifies all landmarks in coronal reconstructed slices using keypoint detection. After landmark detection, segmentation of SCT and SFT was performed on axial slices employing a U-Net architecture with EfficientNet-B1 as encoder. Finally, the determined landmarks were used for standardized analysis and visualization of tissue volume, distribution, and symmetry, independent of leg length, slice thickness, and patient position.

Results

Excellent test results were observed for landmark detection (z-deviation = 4.5 ± 3.1 mm) and segmentation (Dice score: SCT = 0.989 ± 0.004, SFT = 0.994 ± 0.002).

Conclusions

The proposed DL pipeline allows for standardized analysis of tissue volume and distribution and may assist in diagnosis of lipedema and lymphedema or monitoring of conservative and surgical treatments.

Key Points

• Efficient use of volume information that MRI inherently provides can be extracted automatically by deep learning and enables in-depth assessment of tissue volumes in lipedema and lymphedema.

• The deep learning pipeline consisting of body part regression, keypoint detection, and quality-assured tissue segmentation provides detailed information about the volume, distribution, and asymmetry of lower extremity tissues, independent of leg length, slice thickness, and patient position.
Acclimation to water stress improves tolerance to heat and freezing in a common alpine grass
Authors: Sumner Emma E. , Williamson Virginia G. , Gleadow Roslyn M. , Wevill Tricia , Venn Susanna E.
Published: August 2022

Alpine plants in Australia are increasingly exposed to more frequent drought and heatwaves, with significant consequences for physiological stress responses. Acclimation is a critical feature that allows plants to improve tolerance to environmental extremes by directly altering their physiology or morphology. Yet it is unclear how plant performance, tolerance, and recovery are affected when heat and water stress co-occur, and whether prior exposure affects responses to subsequent climate extremes. We grew a common alpine grass species under high or low watering treatments for three weeks before exposure to either none, one, or two heat stress events. We determined photosynthetic heat and freezing tolerance (LT50, mean temperature causing 50% irreversible damage to photosystem II) and growth. Physiological adjustments to low watering, including more negative water potentials and reduced growth, were also characterised by improved tolerance to high and low-temperature extremes. Shifts to higher heat tolerance were also evident with increasing exposure to heat stress events, though freezing tolerance was not affected. Acclimation effects were mostly short-term, however; prior exposure to heat and/or water stress had little to no effect on growth and thermal tolerance following the six-week recovery period. We conclude that rapid acclimation to water and heat stress that co-occur during summer enhances the capacity of alpine plants to tolerate increasingly frequent temperature extremes.
Kidney outcomes in early adolescence following perinatal asphyxia and hypothermia-treated hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Robertsson Grossmann Katarina , Vishnevskaya Liya , Diaz Ruiz Sandra , Kublickiene Karolina , Bárány Peter , Blennow Mats , Chromek Milan
Published: August 2022

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains common among infants with hypothermia-treated hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Little is known about long-term kidney outcomes following hypothermia treatment. We recently reported that 21% of survivors of hypothermia-treated HIE had decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on plasma creatinine in early adolescence. Here, we assessed kidney functions more comprehensively in our population-based cohort of children born in Stockholm 2007–2009 with a history of hypothermia-treated HIE.

Methods

At 10–12 years of age, we measured cystatin C (cyst C) to estimate GFR. Children with decreased cyst C eGFR also underwent iohexol clearance examination. We measured urine-albumin/creatinine ratio, blood pressure (BP) and kidney volume on magnetic resonance imaging. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF 23) levels in plasma were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Outcomes were compared between children with and without a history of neonatal AKI.

Results

Forty-seven children participated in the assessment. Two children (2/42) had decreased cyst C eGFR, for one of whom iohexol clearance confirmed mildly decreased GFR. One child (1/43) had Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) category A2 albuminuria, and three (3/45) had elevated office BP. Subsequent ambulatory 24-h BP measurement confirmed high normal BP in one case only. No child had hypertension. Kidney volume and FGF 23 levels were normal in all children. There was no difference in any of the parameters between children with and without a history of neonatal AKI.

Conclusion

Renal sequelae were rare in early adolescence following hypothermia-treated HIE regardless of presence or absence of neonatal AKI.

Graphical abstract
Venous injection of a triphasic calcium-based implant in a sheep model of pulmonary embolism demonstrates minimal acute systemic effects
Authors: Constant Caroline , Stroncek John D. , Zeiter Stephan , Arens Daniel , Nehrbass Dirk , Gehweiler Dominic , Menzel Ursula , Benneker Lorin M. , Hill Ronald S. , Albers Christoph E.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Implant leakage is the most common complication of vertebral augmentation. Alternative injectable materials must demonstrate intravascular safety comparable to or better than polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). This study assessed the systemic effects of a triphasic calcium-based implant or PMMA injected directly into the femoral vein in a large animal model designed to mimic severe intravascular implant leakage.

Methods

Six skeletally mature female sheep were randomly assigned (n = 3) to either the PMMA or the triphasic implant (AGN1, composition: calcium sulfate, β-tricalcium phosphate, brushite) treatment group. Femoral veins of each sheep were directly injected with 0.5 mL of implant material to mimic leakage volumes reported during PMMA vertebroplasty. To compare acute systemic effects of the materials, cardiovascular parameters, laboratory coagulation markers, and calcium and sulfate serum levels were monitored for 60 min after implant injection. Thrombotic and embolic events were evaluated by radiologic imaging, necropsy, and histopathology.

Results

Heart rate, systemic arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygenation, arterial carbon dioxide content, and coagulation markers remained within physiological range after either AGN1 or PMMA injection. No blood flow interruption in the larger pulmonary vessels was observed in either group. Lung histopathology revealed that the severity of thrombotic changes after AGN1 injection was minimal to slight, while changes after PMMA injection were minimal to massive.

Conclusion

Acute systemic effects of intravascular AGN1 appeared to be comparable to or less than that of intravascular PMMA. Furthermore, in this preliminary study, the severity and incidence of pulmonary histological changes were lower for AGN1 compared to PMMA.
Microbiota mitochondria disorders as hubs for early age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Fehér János , Élő Ágnes , István Lilla , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Radák Zsolt , Scuderi Gianluca , Artico Marco , Kovács Illés
Published: August 2022

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the central area (macula lutea) of the retina. Research on the pathogenic mechanism of AMD showed complex cellular contribution governed by such risk factors as aging, genetic predisposition, diet, and lifestyle. Recent studies suggested that microbiota is a transducer and a modifier of risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondria may be one of the intracellular targets of microbial signaling molecules. This review explores studies supporting a new concept on the contribution of microbiota—mitochondria disorders to AMD. We discuss metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanism in AMD as well as key alterations of photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch’s membrane, choriocapillaris endothelial, immune, and neuronal cells. Special attention was paid to alterations of mitochondria contact sites (MCSs), an organelle network of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets (LDs), and peroxisomes being documented based on our own electron microscopic findings from surgically removed human eyes. Morphometry of Bruch’s membrane lipids and proteoglycans has also been performed in early AMD and aged controls. Microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, polyphenols, and secondary bile acids) and microbial compounds (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and bacterial DNA)—now called postbiotics—in addition to local effects on resident microbiota and mucous membrane, regulate systemic metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanisms in normal conditions and in various common diseases. We also discuss their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects as well as experimental and clinical observations on regulating the main processes of photoreceptor renewal, mitophagy, and autophagy in early AMD. These findings support an emerging concept that microbiota-mitochondria disorders may be a crucial pathogenic mechanism of early AMD; and similarly, to other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, new treatment approaches should be targeted at these disorders.
Texture and Grain Boundary Network Evolution of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processed Pure Ni During Post-printing Annealing
Authors: Beladi Hossein , Torbati-Sarraf Hamidreza , Rohrer Gregory S. , Poorganji Behrang , Torbati-Sarraf Seyed Alireza
Published: August 2022

Commercially pure Ni was additively manufactured using laser powder bed fusion. The printed specimens were then subjected to annealing treatments in a range of 700 °C to 1200 °C to investigate the evolution of the microstructure using electron backscatter diffraction mapping and a five-parameter analysis of the grain boundary character distribution. The post-printing annealing treatment resulted in microstructural changes in respect to grain shape and size, the grain boundary character distribution and the overall texture. However, the extent of these changes strongly depended on the annealing temperature. The grain structure and overall texture changed only modestly when annealed below 900 °C. The grains grew by about 10 pct and this led to a small (≈ 15 pct) increase in the areas of boundaries with low energy (111) planes at the expense of higher energy grain boundary planes with the (001) orientation. Static recrystallization was the dominant microstructure evolution mechanism at annealing temperatures greater than 1000 °C, where new equiaxed grains replaced the initial printed microstructure, enhancing the relative areas of low energy grain boundaries (i.e.,

$$\sum 3$$

∑
3

and

$$\sum 9$$

∑
9

) by a factor of more than five. This change increased the population of boundaries with the low energy (111) plane by a factor of five and decreased the strength of the texture by more than 50 pct through twinning. The resultant microstructure is expected to ultimately improve the material properties, where the increase in the relative areas of

$$\sum 3$$

∑
3

boundaries would enhance the corrosion resistance and fracture toughness of material, and the texture weakening diminishes the anisotropy in mechanical behaviour.
Impact of sleeve gastrectomy compared to Roux-en-y gastric bypass upon hedonic hunger and the relationship to post-operative weight loss
Authors: Makaronidis Janine Maria , Pucci Andrea , Adamo Marco , Jenkinson Andrew , Elkalaawy Mohamed , Batterham Rachel Louise
Published: August 2022

‘Hedonic hunger’ indicates the desire to consume food in the absence of an energy requirement. Hedonic hunger can be investigated using the validated Power of Food Scale (PFS). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are currently the most effective treatment options for severe obesity. Following RYGB, hedonic hunger diminishes, which may contribute to sustained weight loss. There are no data examining the effect of SG on hedonic hunger. We prospectively evaluated hedonic hunger using PFS in patients with severe obesity prior to and 6 months after SG (n = 95) or RYGB (n = 44) and investigated the procedure-specific relationship between percentage weight loss (%WL) and hedonic hunger. Anthropometric data were collected at baseline after 6 months, 12 months and 24 months post-operatively. PFS contains 15 items grouped into 3 domains considering when food is: available (FA), present (FP), tasted (FT) and a total score (TS). At 6 months, a significant reduction was seen in all categories post-SG (p < 0.0001) and in TS (p = 0.003), FA (p = 0.0006) and FP (p = 0.0007) post-RYGB. A significantly larger reduction in FP scores was seen post-SG (p = 0.01). Post-SG, a significant correlation with 6-month %WL was noted for changes in FP (p = 0.03) and TS (p = 0.03). Post-SG changes in FP and TS predicted 24-month %WL. Post-RYGB significant correlations were seen between 6-month %WL and dFA (p = 0.04) and dFP (p = 0.03). Changes in FA, FP and TS were predictive of 12-month %WL. HH is reduced following both SG and RYGB with a greater reduction following SG and is related to post-operative %WL. PFS may have a role as a predictive tool for post-operative outcomes following SG and RYGB.
Selbstbestimmung und Gesundheitszustand – eine Pfadanalyse in der kardiologischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Mitgutsch Valentina , Stummer Harald
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund

Selbstbestimmung ist zu einem essenziellen Bestandteil der Behandlung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit chronischen Erkrankungen geworden, insbesondere in der medizinischen Rehabilitation. Die Aktivierung von Patientinnen und Patienten gilt dabei als der zuverlässigste Indikator für die Fähigkeit der Personen, ihre Gesundheit selbstständig zu managen. Nur wenige Studien haben versucht, die Rolle psychosozialer Faktoren bei der Förderung der Aktivierung von Patientinnen und Patienten zu bewerten, keine von ihnen im Rahmen der medizinischen Rehabilitation.

Zielsetzung

Ziel dieser Querschnittstudie ist es, die Auswirkungen der Aktivierung von Patientinnen und Patienten auf den wahrgenommenen Gesundheitszustand sowie die Auswirkungen von Motivation und Qualität der Beziehung zwischen Behandelnden und Rehabilitationsteilnehmenden auf die Aktivierung von Patientinnen und Patienten in der kardialen Rehabilitation zu testen.

Methode

Mittels Fragebogen werden 128 Patientinnen und Patienten in der kardiologischen Rehabilitation zur Aktivierung, zum Gesundheitszustand, zu ihrer Motivation und zur Qualität der Rehabilitationsteilnehmende-Behandelnde-Beziehung befragt. Zur Überprüfung der vorgeschlagenen Hypothesen wird eine Pfadanalyse verwendet.

Ergebnisse

Bezugnehmend auf das operationalisierte Modell bestätigen die Ergebnisse, dass die Aktivierung der Patientinnen und Patienten einen signifikanten Einfluss auf ihren wahrgenommenen Gesundheitszustand hat. Darüber hinaus erweisen sich psychosoziale Aspekte wie die Bereitschaft zur Veränderung und die Qualität der Rehabilitationsteilnehmenden-Behandelnden-Beziehung als Faktoren, die den Grad der Aktivierung von Patientinnen und Patienten beeinflussen.

Schlussfolgerung

In Übereinstimmung mit früheren Untersuchungen zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Studie, wie wichtig die Aktivierung von Patientinnen und Patienten für die Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität ist. Die Ergebnisse liefern einen theoretischen Beitrag zu Teilen des Modells der Selbstbestimmung in der medizinischen Rehabilitation.
In-situ synthesis of gadolinium niobate quasi-binary composites with balanced mechanical and thermal properties for thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Han Yi , Zong Peng-an , Huang Muzhang , Yang Zesheng , Feng Yingjie , Pan Wei , Zhang Peng , Wan Chunlei
Published: August 2022

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been used as a thermal barrier coating (TBC) material in gas turbines for several decades. Although continuous efforts have been made to develop novel TBC materials that can work at a higher temperature, no single material other than YSZ has all the desired attributes for the TBCs. In this paper, we report the in-situ synthesis of quasi-binary GdNbO4/Gd3NbO7 composites based on the simple Gd2O3-Nb2O5 binary phase diagram. The fracture toughness of these quasi-binary composites is remarkably enhanced compared with the value predicted by the rule of mixtures because the ferroelastic domain switching is more activated due to the residual stress in the quasi-binary composites, which triggers more crack defections due to the enlarged process zone. Additionally, the Gd3NbO7 phase provides a low thermal conductivity due to the substantial chemical inhomogeneity, which diffuses phonons. Gd3NbO7/GdNbO4 exhibits a balanced thermal conductivity of 1.6 W/(m·K) at 1073 K and a toughness value of 2.76 MPa·m0.5, and these values are among the best comprehensive properties that have been obtained for new TBC materials. The work demonstrates a feasible approach of designing a new TBC material with balanced properties and can be easily fabricated.
MOF-Transformed In2O3-x@C Nanocorn Electrocatalyst for Efficient CO2 Reduction to HCOOH
Authors: Qiu Chen , Qian Kun , Yu Jun , Sun Mingzi , Cao Shoufu , Gao Jinqiang , Yu Rongxing , Fang Lingzhe , Yao Youwei , Lu Xiaoqing , Li Tao , Huang Bolong , Yang Shihe
Published: August 2022

For electrochemical CO2 reduction to HCOOH, an ongoing challenge is to design energy efficient electrocatalysts that can deliver a high HCOOH current density (JHCOOH) at a low overpotential. Indium oxide is good HCOOH production catalyst but with low conductivity. In this work, we report a unique corn design of In2O3-x@C nanocatalyst, wherein In2O3-x nanocube as the fine grains dispersed uniformly on the carbon nanorod cob, resulting in the enhanced conductivity. Excellent performance is achieved with 84% Faradaic efficiency (FE) and 11 mA cm−2JHCOOH at a low potential of − 0.4 V versus RHE. At the current density of 100 mA cm−2, the applied potential remained stable for more than 120 h with the FE above 90%. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the abundant oxygen vacancy in In2O3-x has exposed more In3+ sites with activated electroactivity, which facilitates the formation of HCOO* intermediate. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy also confirms In3+ as the active site and the key intermediate of HCOO* during the process of CO2 reduction to HCOOH.
Strengthening Socio-Emotional Learning in Aotearoa New Zealand: Teacher and Whānau Understandings of Wellbeing
Authors: Denston Amanda , Martin Rachel , Fickel Letitia Hochstrasser , O’Toole Veronica
Published: August 2022

International data provide evidence of the strong association between socio-emotional learning and wellbeing in students. However, while socio-emotional learning programmes are generally viewed as effective in developing socio-emotional capacities in students, culture is rarely considered within frameworks underpinning such programmes. In Aotearoa New Zealand, the high variability found in schools relating to approaches to develop wellbeing likely reflects universalistic conceptualisations of wellbeing and the low consideration for culture and language in socio-emotional learning. This indicates the need to develop a framework for socio-emotional learning that reflects the context of Aotearoa New Zealand. In the current article, we explore the socio-emotional understandings of teachers, and families and Māori whānau through wānanga and intentional noticing within a design-based research methodology to inform the development of a co-constructed framework for socio-emotional learning. Crucial to socio-emotional learning were the relationships between students, teachers, families and Māori whānau across the learning pathway. Relationships were viewed as being underpinned by communication skills and holding understandings of emotions and emotional states. Overall, culture, language, and identity were viewed by as fundamental to wellbeing and should be at the fore of frameworks for socio-emotional learning, which should be localised within Indigenous understandings of wellbeing.
Smart data preprocessing method for remote vehicle diagnostics to increase data compression efficiency
Authors: Görne Lorenz , Reuss Hans-Christian , Krätschmer Andreas , Sauerwald Ralf
Published: August 2022

The increasing number of functions in modern vehicle leads to an exponential increase in software complexity. The validity and reliability of all components must be ensured, making the use of appropriate vehicle diagnostics systems indispensable. The purpose of such systems is to collect and process data about the vehicle. To find issues during vehicle development, the OEMs will usually have a development fleet of thousands of vehicles. The challenge for diagnostic systems is to detect issues during these tests, as well as collecting as much data as possible about the circumstances that led to the fault. A single-vehicle produces hundreds of gigabytes of data per month. The required data bandwidth cannot be fulfilled by current mobile network subscriptions as well as WIFI or cable-based infrastructure. This limits the amount of data that can be collected during field tests and hinders big data analysis like AI training or validation. Hence a software solution for data reduction is necessary. The authors present a method for data handling that drastically reduces the amount of data consumption and optimizes the transfer delay between a remote-diagnostic systems and the cloud. Using a pipeline of data preprocessing as well as an established compression algorithm, the amount of transmitted data is reduced by a factor of nearly ten. This method will allow to collect more data in field testing and improve the understanding of issues during vehicle development.
Does sending Safety Toolbox Talks by text message to Residential Construction Supervisors increase Safety Meeting Compliance?
Authors: Rice Sean P.M. , Rimby Jarred , Hurtado David A , Gilbert - Jones Illa , Olson Ryan
Published: August 2022

Construction is one of the most dangerous occupations in the U.S. Within the industry, residential construction workers are at elevated risk for worksite injury and death, yet are rarely the focus of safety research and intervention. Conducting regular safety meetings has been identified as a key practice of construction companies with lower injury rates, and thus, there is a need for evidence-based tactics that increase compliance with this preventive practice. The current project was designed to evaluate whether distributing construction safety toolbox talks about workplace fatalities to supervisors by mobile phone would increase their compliance with the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OR-OSHA) standard for conducting at least one safety meeting each month. A sample of residential construction supervisors in Oregon (N = 56) were recruited and received a link to a toolbox talk by text message every two weeks for three months. Evaluation surveys were completed by supervisors before and after participating. Supervisors’ adherence to the OR-OSHA safety meeting standard improved by 19.39% during the text message period. However, self-reported safety communication quality and supervisor-rated employee safety performance did not significantly change. Supervisors indicated that they generally appreciated the mobile toolbox talk format, would like to receive them in the future, and would recommend them to other supervisors. Mobile delivery of toolbox talks may increase construction supervisors’ compliance with safety meeting standards. However, studies that replicate or extend this research are needed to confirm the safety meeting effect observed, and further advance efforts to reduce injury rates in the residential construction industry.
On the global regularity for minimizers of variational integrals: splitting-type problems in 2D and extensions to the general anisotropic setting
Authors: Bildhauer Michael , Fuchs Martin
Published: August 2022

We mainly discuss superquadratic minimization problems for splitting-type variational integrals on a bounded Lipschitz domain $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

Ω
⊂

R

2

and prove higher integrability of the gradient up to the boundary by incorporating an appropriate weight-function measuring the distance of the solution to the boundary data. As a corollary, the local Hölder coefficient with respect to some improved Hölder continuity is quantified in terms of the function $${\text {dist}}(\cdot ,\partial \Omega )$$

dist
(
·
,
∂
Ω
)

.The results are extended to anisotropic problems without splitting structure under natural growth and ellipticity conditions. In both cases we argue with variants of Caccioppoli’s inequality involving small weights.
Forty-year-old beet ringspot virus isolate: tests for potato true seed transmission, genome sequencing, recombination analysis and phylogenetic placement
Authors: Jones Roger A. C. , Fowkes Aimee R. , McGreig Sam , Fox Adrian , Adams Ian P.
Published: August 2022

Beet ringspot virus (BRSV) isolate IF came from a 1980 bait test on a Scottish soil sample. Between 1982 and 1984, it was used to study possible BRSV seed transmission in potato (Solanum tuberosum). To encourage flowering, potato scions were graft-inoculated onto tomato plants and these grafted plants were inoculated with IF. Flowers on BRSV-infected potato shoots were self-pollinated and their seeds collected. BRSV was found readily in pollen from these potato flowers, but never detected in any seedlings that grew from their seeds. Thus, although BRSV was present in pollen, no evidence of potato true seed transmission was obtained. In 1985, IF was preserved by freeze-drying and kept thereafter in a historical virus isolate collection. In 2020, it was subjected to high throughput sequencing and a complete genomic sequence was obtained. No recombination was detected in the IF sequence but its RNA1 and RNA2 were major parents of three, and a minor parent of one, recombinant BRSV isolates, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the P1 and P2 components of the coat protein gene encoded on its RNA2 placed the isolate IF sequence within the BRSV lineage. However, too few other BRSV sequences from different countries were present to provide information on its geographical associations.
An Empirical Evaluation of Constrained Feature Selection
Authors: Bach Jakob , Zoller Kolja , Trittenbach Holger , Schulz Katrin , Böhm Klemens
Published: August 2022

While feature selection helps to get smaller and more understandable prediction models, most existing feature-selection techniques do not consider domain knowledge. One way to use domain knowledge is via constraints on sets of selected features. However, the impact of constraints, e.g., on the predictive quality of selected features, is currently unclear. This article is an empirical study that evaluates the impact of propositional and arithmetic constraints on filter feature selection. First, we systematically generate constraints from various types, using datasets from different domains. As expected, constraints tend to decrease the predictive quality of feature sets, but this effect is non-linear. So we observe feature sets both adhering to constraints and with high predictive quality. Second, we study a concrete setting in materials science. This part of our study sheds light on how one can analyze scientific hypotheses with the help of constraints.
Design of a sub-scale fan for a boundary layer ingestion test with by-pass flow
Authors: Mårtensson H. , Lejon M. , Ghosh D. , Åkerberg M. , Rasimarzabadi F. , Neuteboom M.
Published: August 2022

A design of a sub-scale Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) fan for a transonic test rig is presented. The fan is intended to be used in flow conditions with varying distortion patterns representative of a BLI application on an aircraft. The sub-scale fan design is based on a design study of a full-scale fan for a BLI demonstration project for a Fokker 100 aircraft. CFD results from the full-scale fan design and the ingested distortion pattern from CFD analyses of the whole aircraft are used as inputs for this study. The sub-scale fan is designed to have similar performance characteristics to the full-scale fan within the capabilities of the test facility. The available geometric rig envelope in the test facility necessitates a reduction in geometric scale and consideration of the operating conditions. Fan blades and vanes are re-designed for these conditions in order to mitigate the effects of the scaling. The effects of reduced size, increased relative tip clearance and thicknesses of the blades and vanes are evaluated as part of the step-by-step adaption of the design to the sub-scale conditions. Finally, the installation effects in the rig are simulated including important effects of the by-pass flow on the running characteristics and the need to control the effective fan nozzle area in order to cover the available fan operating range. The predicted operating behaviour of the fan as installed in the coming transonic test rig gives strong indication that the sub-scale fan tests will be successful.
Constructing Moral Equality
Authors: KILLMISTER SUZY
Published: August 2022

Moral equality—the idea that ‘we’ all have equal moral worth, our interests ought to count for the same, and we possess the same bundle of basic rights—is one of the most central principles of liberal thought, being regularly drawn on as a presupposition of moral and political inquiry. Perhaps because it is so often relied on as a presupposition, however, moral equality is more often assumed than argued for. When moral equality is argued for, the most common tactic is to appeal to some inherent property. As is well established, however, such property-based defenses of moral equality face two significant challenges: the problem of exclusion and the problem of inequality. In light of these challenges, in this article I put forward a new, revisionist account of moral equality. Taking inspiration from recent work in the social metaphysics of human kinds, I argue that moral equality ought to be seen as a component of a status that we confer on one another, rather than (grounded in) a property inherent in certain individuals. Conceiving of moral equality this way, I argue, side-steps both the problem of exclusion and the problem of natural equality.