bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instrumental Variables Estimation of Systems of Simultaneous Equations: Interrelation of Methods
Authors: Babeshko Lyudmila O. , Ioudina Vera V. , Mikhaleva Maria Y. , Orlova Irina V.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the interrelation between methods of estimating parameters of simultaneous equations. Simultaneous equations model (SEM) is commonly used to model complex socio-economic phenomena. SEM is a set of linear simultaneous equations in which response variables are among explanatory variables in each equation of regression. This causes the problem of endogeneity and leads to biased and inconsistent estimation of parameters. There is a number of special methods to solve the problem of endogeneity of regressors: method of instrumental variables (IV), indirect least squares method (ILS), two-stage least squares method (2SLS), and three-stage least squares method (3SLS). In this article, the relationship between 2SLS and IV, ILS and 2SLS, ILS and OLS with restrictions on structural parameters, as well as the equivalence of point estimates of parameters and autocovariance matrices, is shown using empirical example.
Approximating Partially Bounded Degree Deletion on Directed Graphs
Authors: Fujito Toshihiro , Kimura Kei , Mizuno Yuki
Published: October 2019

The $\rm{B\small{OUNDED}}$ $\rm{D\small{EGREE}}$ $\rm{D\small{ELETION}}$ problem (BDD) is that of
computing a minimum
vertex set in a graph $G=(V, E)$ with degree bound $b:
V\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}_+$, such that, when it is
removed from $G$, the degree of any remaining vertex $v$ is no larger
than $b(v)$.
It is a classic problem in graph theory and various results have been
obtained including an approximation ratio of $2+\ln
b_{\max}$ [Okun, Barak, IPL, 2003], where $b_{\max}$ is the maximum degree bound.

This paper considers BDD on directed graphs containing
unbounded vertices, which we call $\rm{P\small{ARTIAL}}$ $\rm{B\small{OUNDED}}$ $\rm{D\small{EGREE}}$ $\rm{D\small{ELETION}}$ (PBDD).
Despite such a natural generalization of standard BDD,
it appears that PBDD has never been studied and no algorithmic
results are known, approximation or parameterized.
It will be shown that
1) in case all the possible degrees are bounded, in-degrees by $b^-$ and
out-degrees by $b^+$,
BDD on directed graphs can be approximated within $2+\max_{v\in
V}\ln(b^-(v)+b^+(v))$,
2) it becomes NP-hard to approximate PBDD better than $b_{\max}$
(even on undirected graphs) once unbounded vertices are
allowed, and 3) PBDD can be approximated within $\max\{2,b_{\max}+1\}$
when only in-degrees are partially bounded by $b$ (and the out-degrees
of all the vertices are unbounded).
Random Popular Matchings with Incomplete Preference Lists
Authors: Ruangwises Suthee , Itoh Toshiya
Published: October 2019

Given a set $A$ of $n$ people and a set $B$ of $m \geq n$ items, with each person having a list that ranks his/her preferred items in order of preference, we want to match every person with a unique item. A matching $M$ is called popular if for any other matching $M'$, the number of people who prefer $M$ to $M'$ is not less than the number of those who prefer $M'$ to $M$. For given $n$ and $m$, consider the probability of existence of a popular matching when each person's preference list is independently and uniformly generated at random. Previously, Mahdian[Mahdian, Conf. El. Comm., 2006] showed that when people's preference lists are strict (containing no ties) and complete (containing all items in $B$), if $\alpha = m/n > \alpha_*$, where $\alpha_* \approx 1.42$ is the root of equation $x^2 = e^{1/x}$, then a popular matching exists with probability $1-o(1)$; and if $\alpha < \alpha_*$, then a popular matching exists with probability $o(1)$, i.e. a phase transition occurs at $\alpha_*$. In this paper, we investigate phase transitions in the case that people's preference lists are strict but not complete. We show that in the case where every person has a preference list with length of a constant $k \geq 4$, a similar phase transition occurs at $\alpha_k$, where $\alpha_k \geq 1$ is the root of equation $x e^{-1/2x} = 1-(1-e^{-1/x})^{k-1}$.
A Simple Algorithm for $r$-gatherings on the Line
Authors: Nakano Shin-ichi
Published: October 2019

In this paper we study a recently proposed
variant of the facility location problem
called
the $r$-gathering problem.

Given sets $C$ and $F$ of points on the plane
and distance $d(c,f)$ for each $c\in C$ and $f\in F$,
an $r$-gathering of $C$ to $F$ is
an assignment $A$ of $C$ to facilities $F^{'} \subset F$
such that $r$ or more customers are assigned to each facility in $F^{'}$.
A facility is open in $A$ if at least one customer is assigned to it.
The cost of an $r$-gathering is the maximum distance $d(c,f)$
between $c\in C$ and $A(c)\in F'$
among the assignment,
which is $\max_{c\in C}\{ d(c,A(c)) \}$.
The $r$-gathering problem finds the $r$-gathering that minimizes the cost.
When all points of $C$ and $F$ are on the line,
an $O((|C|+|F|)\log (|C|+|F|) )$-time algorithm
and
an $O(|C|+|F|\log^2 r+|F|\log|F|)$-time algorithm
to solve the $r$-gathering problem are known.
In this paper we give a simple $O(|C|+r^2|F|)$-time algorithm
to solve the $r$-gathering problem.
Since $r
PATHWAYS TO POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT
Authors: McLaughlin Anne Marie , Rothery Michael , Kuiken Jake
Published: October 2019

In 2015, in an unexpected political upset, Alberta’s New Democratic Party was elected to govern for the first time in the province’s history. There were eight social workers amongst those elected, all of whom were interviewed for this research. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the motivations that led these social workers to seek political office, to identify factors in their personal and professional histories that explained their high level of political engagement, and to explore how the profession can increase the numbers of social workers pursuing political practice in the future. A standard qualitative thematic analysis of these interviews revealed that families of origin were influential motivators, and that social work education also played a significant role, as did professional experience and networks. Recommendations for change emerged from our findings. We discuss these with an emphasis on professional education and on what the academy can do to heighten levels of political engagement among future graduates.
LE RÔLE DU SOUTIEN SOCIAL ET DE L’ISOLEMENT DANS LA RÉGULATION DES AFFECTS
Authors: Audet Steve , Tremblay Gilles
Published: October 2019

La présente étude vise à mieux comprendre comment certains hommes utilisent le soutien social et l’isolement pour réguler leurs affects. Pour ce faire, 13 études de cas ont été réalisées avec des hommes ayant consulté un professionnel de la relation d’aide. Selon leurs témoignages, ces hommes s’isolaient et ils étaient généralement peu portés à parler de leurs problèmes et de leurs affects avant de consulter. Après un certain cheminement en consultation, les participants constatent parler davantage de leur vécu avec leur entourage. Ils estiment aussi que le fait d’en parler et de réaliser des activités sociales avec des proches a permis de mieux gérer leurs affects, soit en évacuant le trop-plein, soit en s’alimentant d’émotions positives. Le soutien social reçu a aussi contribué, selon eux, à mieux composer avec la situation-problème à l’origine du bouleversement affectif. Avant d’en parler avec leur entourage, ils estiment avoir apprivoisé leurs affects en consultation. Cet apprivoisement a été facilité, à leur avis, par un climat de sécurité affective, l’écoute, le non-jugement et les encouragements du professionnel consulté.
NEOLIBERALISM AND SOCIAL WORK REGULATION
Authors: Heron Barbara A.
Published: October 2019

The question of how through social work practice, theory and research social workers engage in “epistemic disobedience” in respect to the “epistemicide” of Others’ knowledges is crucial in the current neolielberal context. However, the possibilities of such resistance are becoming increasingly constrained by the encroachment of licensing requirements for social work professionals. This paper considers how the turn to professional regulation in social work via licensing competency standards further entrenches Western ways of knowing, while at the same time working in concert with neoliberalism to transform the social work profession in ways that stand to remove it from the reach of epistemic disobedience. The Canadian Council of Social Work Regulators’ competency standards are taken as the starting point for an analysis, which seeks to articulate the intersecting impacts of neoliberalism in social work practice, and the crucial place of social work regulation within this web of effects. In conclusion, the implications for social work education are raised and the urgency of epistemic resistance is considered.
MISER SUR L’ENGAGEMENT ÉTUDIANT POUR RÉPONDRE AUX BESOINS D’ACCOMPAGNEMENT DES FAMILLES AVEC UN ENFANT PRÉSENTANT UNE DI OU UN TSA
Authors: Milot Élise , Grandisson Marie , Allaire Anne-Sophie , Couture Mélanie , Tétreault Sylvie , Chrétien-Vincent Myriam , Bédard Charlène , Couvrette Romane
Published: October 2019

Au Québec, les besoins de répit des familles avec un enfant ayant une déficience intellectuelle (DI) ou un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) de tous âges demeurent nombreux. Pour y répondre, des partenaires de la ville de Québec ont développé un modèle d’offre de services destiné à ces familles et misant sur l’engagement d’étudiants en santé et services sociaux de l’Université Laval. Les points de vue de parents et d’étudiants ont été recueillis grâce à des questionnaires en ligne (106 étudiants et 87 parents). La majorité des répondants ont dit désirer offrir ou recevoir de tels services. Les étudiants souhaitent que leur implication puisse être flexible, rémunérée et réalisée auprès de familles demeurant à proximité de leur domicile. Pour leur part, les parents ont besoin d’accéder à une offre de services stable et continue. Ils aimeraient bénéficier d’allocations financières plus importantes pour assumer les frais associés. Les données présentées dans cet article contribueront au développement d’un modèle d’offre de services adapté aux besoins des familles vivant avec un enfant ayant une DI ou un TSA, tout en enrichissant la formation théorique et pratique de futurs professionnels.
Sin pacto: 10 razones para el desencuentro (I)
Authors: Lalueza Ferran
Published: October 2019

El resultado de las elecciones generales celebradas el pasado 28 de abril no otorgó a ningún partido la capacidad de formar gobierno sin contar con apoyos sustanciales de otras formaciones. Se requerían pactos. Los cinco meses transcurridos desde entonces sólo han servido para evidenciar la flagrante incapacidad de los líderes políticos a la hora de alcanzar acuerdos desbloqueantes, lo cual nos aboca a unos nuevos comicios: los cuartos en cuatro años. ¿Por qué?
En jaque
Authors: Creus Amalia
Published: October 2019

Cuando en 1997 Garry Kasparov fue derrotado en un partido de ajedrez por la supercomputadora IBM Deep Blue, los periódicos de todo el mundo retrataron con estupor lo que entonces se vio como un punto de inflexión en nuestra relación con las máquinas. Para los neoluditas de entonces, era la evidencia de que caminábamos a pasos acelerados hacia un futuro distópico; para los amantes de la tecnología, la puerta de entrada a un augurado y reluciente mundo nuevo.
C. elegans neurons have functional dendritic spines
Authors: Cuentas-Condori Andrea , Mulcahy Ben , He Siwei , Palumbos Sierra , Zhen Mei , Miller David M
Published: October 2019

Dendritic spines are specialized postsynaptic structures that transduce presynaptic signals, are regulated by neural activity and correlated with learning and memory. Most studies of spine function have focused on the mammalian nervous system. However, spine-like protrusions have been reported in C. elegans (Philbrook et al., 2018), suggesting that the experimental advantages of smaller model organisms could be exploited to study the biology of dendritic spines. Here, we used super-resolution microscopy, electron microscopy, live-cell imaging and genetics to show that C. elegans motor neurons have functional dendritic spines that: (1) are structurally defined by a dynamic actin cytoskeleton; (2) appose presynaptic dense projections; (3) localize ER and ribosomes; (4) display calcium transients triggered by presynaptic activity and propagated by internal Ca++ stores; (5) respond to activity-dependent signals that regulate spine density. These studies provide a solid foundation for a new experimental paradigm that exploits the power of C. elegans genetics and live-cell imaging for fundamental studies of dendritic spine morphogenesis and function.
Different expression pattern of flowering pathway genes contribute to male or female organ development during floral transition in the monoecious weedAmbrosia artemisiifoliaL. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Mátyás Kinga Klára , Hegedűs Géza , Taller János , Farkas Eszter , Decsi Kincső , Kutasy Barbara , Kálmán Nikoletta , Nagy Erzsébet , Kolics Balázs , Virág Eszter
Published: October 2019

The highly allergenic and invasive weedAmbrosia artemisiifoliaL. is a monoecius plant with separated male and female flowers. The genetic regulation of floral morphogenesis is a less understood field in the reproduction biology of this species. Therefore the objective of this work was to investigate the genetic control of sex determination during floral organogenesis. To this end, we performed a genome-wide transcriptional profiling of vegetative and generative tissues during the plant development comparing wild-growing and in vitro cultivated plants. RNA-seq on Illumina NextSeq 500 platform with an integrative bioinformatics analysis indicated differences in 80 floral gene expressions depending on photoperiodic and endogenous initial signals. Sex specificity of genes was validated based on RT-qPCR experiments. We found 11 and 16 uniquely expressed genes in female and male transcriptomes that were responsible particularly to maintain fertility and against abiotic stress. High gene expression of homologous such as FD, FT, TFL1 and CAL, SOC1, AP1 were characteristic to male and female floral meristems during organogenesis. Homologues transcripts of LFY and FLC were not found in the investigated generative and vegetative tissues. The repression of AP1 by TFL1 homolog was demonstrated in male flowers resulting exclusive expression of AP2 and PI that controlled stamen and carpel formation in the generative phase. Alterations of male and female floral meristem differentiation were demonstrated under photoperiodic and hormonal condition changes by applying in vitro treatments.
The clinical significance of collagen family gene expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Jieling , Wang Xiao , Zheng Kai , Liu Ying , Li Junjun , Wang Shaoqi , Liu Kaisheng , Song Xun , Li Nan , Xie Shouxia , Wang Shaoxiang
Published: October 2019

Background

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a subtype of esophageal cancer with high incidence and mortality. Due to the poor 5-year survival rates of patients with ESCC, exploring novel diagnostic markers for early ESCC is emergent. Collagen, the abundant constituent of extracellular matrix, plays a critical role in tumor growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, the clinical significance of collagen genes in ESCC has been rarely studied. In this work, we systematically analyzed the gene expression of whole collagen family in ESCC, aiming to search for ideal biomarkers.

Methods

Clinical data and gene expression profiles of ESCC patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the gene expression omnibus databases. Bioinformatics methods, including differential expression analysis, survival analysis, gene sets enrichment analysis (GSEA) and co-expression network analysis, were performed to investigate the correlation between the expression patterns of 44 collagen family genes and the development of ESCC.

Results

A total of 22 genes of collagen family were identified as differentially expressed genes in both the two datasets. Among them, COL1A1, COL10A1 and COL11A1 were particularly up-regulated in ESCC tissues compared to normal controls, while COL4A4, COL6A5 and COL14A1 were notably down-regulated. Besides, patients with low COL6A5 expression or high COL18A1 expression showed poor survival. In addition, a 7-gene prediction model was established based on collagen gene expression to predict patient survival, which had better predictive accuracy than the tumor-node-metastasis staging based model. Finally, GSEA results suggested that collagen genes might be tightly associated with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, p53 pathway, apoptosis, cell cycle, etc.

Conclusion

Several collagen genes could be potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ESCC. Moreover, a novel 7-gene prediction model is probably useful for predicting survival outcomes of ESCC patients. These findings may facilitate early detection of ESCC and help improves prognosis of the patients.
Identification of potential biomarkers and pivotal biological pathways for prostate cancer using bioinformatics analysis methods
Authors: He Zihao , Duan Xiaolu , Zeng Guohua
Published: October 2019

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common urinary malignancy, whose molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to screen for key genes and biological pathways related to PCa using bioinformatics method.

Methods

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered out from theGSE103512dataset and subjected to the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. The protein–protein interactions (PPI) network was constructed, following by the identification of hub genes. The results of former studies were compared with ours. The relative expression levels of hub genes were examined in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine public databases. The University of California Santa Cruz Xena online tools were used to study whether the expression of hub genes was correlated with the survival of PCa patients from TCGA cohorts.

Results

Totally, 252 (186 upregulated and 66 downregulated) DEGs were identified. GO analysis enriched mainly in “oxidation-reduction process” and “positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter”; KEGG pathway analysis enriched mostly in “metabolic pathways” and “protein digestion and absorption.” Kallikrein-related peptidase 3, cadherin 1 (CDH1), Kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (KLK2), forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) were identified as hub genes from the PPI network. CDH1, FOXA1, and EPCAM were validated by other relevant gene expression omnibus datasets. All hub genes were validated by both TCGA and Oncomine except KLK2. Two additional top DEGs (ABCC4 and SLPI) were found to be associated with the prognosis of PCa patients.

Conclusions

This study excavated the key genes and pathways in PCa, which might be biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets.
Effectiveness of the Ruku-ruku Leaf Solution (Ocimum sanctum) as a Natural Preservative in Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) during Low-temperature Storage
Authors: Riady Muhammad Heffiqri , Rostini Iis , Andriani Yuli , Pratama Rusky Intan
Published: October 2019

This research was conducted to determine the shelf life of Indian mackerel by giving ruku-ruku leaf solution at different concentrations on phytochemical test, amount of bacteria, degree of acidity (pH), weight loss, and water content in Indian mackerel during low-temperature storage. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Fisheries Product Processing, University of Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. The research method used is an experimental method with 4 treatments. Ruku-ruku leaf solution treatments concentration were 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50%, soaking time 30 minutes, then stored at low-temperature (5-10ºC). Observations were made on days 1, 3, 6, and 7 for Indian mackerel concentration of 0% or control (without soaking of ruku-ruku leaf solution) while treatment with ruku-ruku leaf solution 10%, 30%, and 50% were carried out at days 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13. The parameters observed included phytochemical test, amount of bacteria, degree of acidity (pH), weight loss, and water content. The results of research showed that the use of a ruku-ruku leaf solution with concentration 30% on Indian mackerel during low-temperature storage has the longest shelf life that is until the 13th day with amount of bacteria 6,90 × 107 cfu/g, degree of acidity (pH ) at 6,95, weight loss at 9,52% and water content at 65,32%.
Varietal Differences in the Oil Composition of the Seed of Two Indigenous Chrysophyllum albidium Species
Authors: Abosede Bello, Adunola , Soliu Muniru, Oluwasegun , Cartney Igwe, Chima
Published: October 2019

Aim: To investigate the varietal difference in the composition of the oil of two Chryosophyllum albidium species.

Study Design: Laboratory experimental design was used.

Place and Duration of Study: Chryosophyllum acreanum and Chrysophyllum africana seed species of Chrysophyllum albidium were collected from Oja Oba market, Ibadan, Oyo State. The study was carried out between February 2019 - August 2019 at the Oilseed Laboratory of Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Methodology: Oil in both seeds was extracted using Soxhlet extraction method. The physical and chemical properties of the oils were determined using official methods of analysis while the fatty acid composition of the seed oils was analysed using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometer.

Results: The oil yield for both seeds was low, 3.52% for C. acreanum and 3.75% for C. africana. The values for the physical properties (Specific gravity, refractive index and unsaponifiable matter) of C. acreanum seed oil were higher than for C. africana seed oil. The chemical properties shows that the acid and peroxide values are 2.79mgKOH/g; 2.67mgKOH/g, 1.78mEq/kg; 1.63mEq/kg for C. acreanum and C. africana seed oil respectively while the iodine values for both seed oils are below 100mgI2/100g. The fatty acid composition shows that both seed oil contains myristic acid as their major fatty acid.

Conclusion: The evaluated characteristics of the seed oils showed that there is no significant differences in the oil composition of C. albidium seed varieties as the oil composition are closely related except for the slight difference in their fatty acid profile.
Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Cowpea Thresher for Small Scale Cowpea Farm Holders in Nigeria
Authors: Muhammed-Bashir O. W. , Oriola K. O. , Ogundeji B. A. , Adesokan M. A.
Published: October 2019

Aims: To develop and evaluate an affordable, accessible, easy-to-operate and functional small-scale thresher machine to make cowpea farming a profitable venture.

Study Design: Fabrication and performance evaluation.

Place and Duration of Study: Premises of DAF Technical Services, Ilorin, Nigeria, between June, 2017 and February, 2018.

Methodology: Construction of a cowpea thresher machine was carried out by sizing and marking out the plate with the aid of scriber and cutter. The shaft was smoothened and the various components were welded and assembled with the aid of fasteners. The thresher was made-up of the feeding unit, which provided an opening through which the cowpea was introduced into the machine for threshing. As the various components of the cowpea thresher (threshing drum, the lower concave (screen), the spikes and separating unit) were being assembled, dimension analysis was carried out on two varieties of cowpea grains. This was meant to determine the screen sieve size.

Results: Findings from this study indicated the mean cowpea grain threshing efficiencies of 71.40, 66.10, and 63.10% at a different speed of 472, 339, and 283 rpm respectively. The maximum throughput capacity (59.78 kg/hr) was obtained at threshing speed of 472 rpm. This revealed that as the speed decreased the threshing efficiency, the throughput capacity and grain loss also decreased, while damaged grains are negligible.

Conclusion: The fabricated cowpea thresher is therefore, a suitable machine with high efficiency to carry out necessary small scale post-harvest operations in cowpea production.
Impact of Vocational Training Courses Conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendras of Punjab on Establishing an Enterprise
Authors: Kaur Manjot , Kaur Kanwaljit , Sidhu Kiranjot
Published: October 2019

The attempts were made to assess the impact of vocational training courses conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendras of Punjab on establishing an enterprise. All thirty long duration vocational training courses conducted by the Krishi Vigyan Kendras namely Bathinda, Ferozpur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur and SBS Nagar from 2009-2013 were taken up for the study. A sample of 140 trainees was drawn by applying probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling method and data were collected personally from the selected trainees by using an interview schedule. The findings of the study revealed that the highest adoption status was achieved by value added household products & preparation and garment construction & enrichment training courses with 1.44 & 1.36 mean scores respectively. The lowest mean score of Management of family resources (0.68) and fabric painting & preparation of household products (0.62) indicated the low adoption status of these training courses. Major reasons for non-establishment of an enterprise after receiving training from KVKs as reported by the highest percentage of trainees were financial constraints and high cost of equipments. It can be concluded that the marketing components and linkages related to establishing an enterprise should be an integral part of the vocational training programme. KVKs should provide suitable facilities in the form of resource centre to their trainees for reducing the cost of initial set up of enterprise.
The Effect of Some Synthetic Food Colorants on Selected Biochemical Indices of Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Iheanyichukwu Wopara, , Uwaezuoke C. Awarajih, , Amanda Ike,
Published: October 2019

The aim is to evaluate the effect of tartrazine and erythrosine on serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. A total of 20 adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups with 4 rats per group. Group 1 served as the control and was given only water and feed. Whereas group 2, 3, 4, 5 were administered 5 mg/kgb.wt, 10 mg/kgb.wt, 20 mg/kgb.wt, 40 mg/kgb.wt of Tartrazine and Erythrosine via orogastric feeding for 21 days. At the end of 21 days, blood samples were collected via ocular puncture and used to measure glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in the serum of the animals. The results were analyzed using One way ANOVA, followed by post hoc multiple comparisons and level of significance set at p<0.05. The result revealed that there was a significant difference p<0.05 in the mean glucose concentration of Group 4 (5.81±0.40 mmol/L) and Group 5 (5.28±0.25 mmol/L) when compared with the control (3.27±0.11 mmol/L). Although Group 4 showed a higher mean cholesterol concentration (0.92±0.27 mmol/L) when compared with the control (0.18±0.05 mmol/L) the difference was not significant p>0.05. Furthermore, Group 5 showed no significant mean triglyceride concentration (2.01±0.15 mmol/L) when compared with the control (2.95±0.04 mmol/L). This result revealed that the colourants increased the glucose and cholesterol levels in the test group in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in serum glucose concentration may be an indication of pancreatic cancer caused by the hydrocarbons contained in the colourants.
Investigating the Phenological and Pompological Characteristics of Indigenous Pears in Northeast Bosnia
Authors: Salkić Besim , Cvrk Ramzija , Imširović Emir , Jašić Amela , Salkić Ahmed
Published: October 2019

The study included 30 autochthonous pears with analysis of the following parameters: blooming time, fruit ripening time, fruit weight, fruit height, fruit width, fruit index, fruit juice length, pH value of juice, total acidity mmol / 100 g, total acidity (%), pectin substances % Ca-pectate, raw fiber %, vitamin C mg / 100 g, natural invert sugar%, total invert sugar %, total phenol mg / 100 g fruit, soluble dry substance (° Brix).The aim of the research is to study the phenological and pomological characteristics of a detailed description of autochthonous varieties and to make chemical analysis of the fruit of a recommendation on the value of the fruit of the most interesting autochthonous pears in north-eastern Bosnia. This would at the same time create preconditions for recording these varieties on the sort list of Bosnia and Herzegovina and their further reproduction and marketing.The fruits of domestic varieties are seldom available. Given the opinion that domestic varieties are more resistant to diseases and some pests, they do not require a large number of chemical treatments and require no intensive care can be more easily adapted to organic cultivation, which is a trend in fruit productionThe differences in the blooming dynamics of autochthonous varieties of BiH indicate that this is an important detail that must be take care  when expanding them, that is, introducing them into plantation cultivation and selecting pollinator varieties. The obtained values of soluble dry matter for all tested pear varieties (except Kajzerica kasna 9.75 Brix) had a value greater than 10.0˚ Brix, and according to this parameter, are suitable for marketing and processing according to the current legislation. The native varieties examined in this paper had values from 0.10 to 0.58% from the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the tested varieties were not supplied with Ca-pectate. Based on the average content of vitamin C in the fruit of the pear, it can be concluded that the tested  autochthonous  and domestic varieties have an extremely good content of vitamin C, 15 out of 20 varieties have a higher content of vitamin C than the average or 75%. Research has been supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Science within the framework of a scientific research project entitled "Investigating the phenological and pompological characteristics of indigenous pears in Northeast Bosnia".
Learning Analytics: Learning to Think and Make Decisions
Authors: Volungevičienė Airina , Maria Duart Josep , Naujokaitienė Justina , Tamoliūnė Giedrė , Misiulienė Rita
Published: October 2019

The research aims at a specific analysis of how learning analytics as a metacognitive tool can be used as a method by teachers as reflective professionals and how it can help teachers learn to think and come down to decisions about learning design and curriculum, learning and teaching process, and its success. Not only does it build on previous research results by interpreting the description of learning analytics as a metacognitive tool for teachers as reflective professionals, but also lays out new prospects for investigation into the process of learning analytics application in open and online learning and teaching. The research leads to the use of learning analytics data for the implementation of teacher inquiry cycle and reflections on open and online teaching, eventually aiming at an improvement of curriculum and learning design. The results of the research demonstrate how learning analytics method can support teachers as reflective professionals, to help understand different learning habits of their students, recognize learners’ behavior, assess their thinking capacities, willingness to engage in the course and, based on the information, make real time adjustments to their course curriculum.
Programa Escola Acessível: possibilidades e limites para a inclusão escolar
Authors: Silva Filho Daniel Mendes
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre o Programa Escola Acessível (PEA), declarado pelo governo brasileiro como uma ação estruturante que possibilita o acesso e a permanência de alunos público-alvo da educação especial em classes comuns do ensino regular. São apresentados neste estudo alguns indicadores que orientam o desenvolvimento da política de acessibilidade e a movimentação de matriculas de alunos público-alvo da educação especial no Brasil e em uma cidade de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados apresentados foram acessados por meio do Sistema Integrado de Monitoramento Execução e Controle do Ministério da Educação (SIMEC), portal do MEC/SECADI, observatório do PNE e do banco de dados estatísticos do INEP. Os resultados apontam que a política de acessibilidade implementada pelo governo federal e, em específico o PEA, tem contribuído para a reorganização dos espaços escolares, porém, não é suficiente para atender a todos, visto que, dada a demanda desse alunado há a necessidade da sua ampliação e continuidade de investimentos neste programa.
Necessidades formativas de futuros docentes de Ciências e Biologia em uma licenciatura EAD
Authors: Maknamara Marlecio , Bezerra de Medeiros Dantas Duarte Felipe
Published: October 2019

Como estratégia privilegiada de democratização do ensino e de inclusão social, a educação a distância (EaD) vinha recebendo grande projeção no cenário educacional brasileiro. Em atenção a isso, este artigo objetiva analisar necessidades formativas que emergem de uma pesquisa junto a licenciandos de um curso de Ciências Biológicas na modalidade EaD. O material empírico, proveniente de memoriais de formação e de grupos focais, foi submetido à análise compreensivo-interpretativa. Os resultados mostram que os sujeitos da pesquisa reconhecem fragilidades em sua formação considerando tanto sua situação imediata na licenciatura quanto suas perspectivas de atuação docente no futuro, com destaque para a centralidade atribuída a aspectos relacionais e afetivo-emocionais. Concluímos que, na formação ofertada pela referida licenciatura EaD, modos de ser sujeito e aquilo de que são dotados e capazes de realizar importam aos licenciandos, o que traz grandes e novos desafios quando se trata de formar docentes de Ciências e Biologia.
Gênero e Diversidade na Escola: reflexões sobre uma política pública intersetorial de prevenção à violência
Authors: Tozetti Renata De Fatima , Signorelli Marcos Claudio , De Oliveira Daniel Canavese
Published: October 2019

O Ministério da Educação vem fomentando uma política intersetorial de formação docente em gênero, diversidade e prevenção de violências por meio do curso Gênero e Diversidade na Escola. Objetivou-se analisar as repercussões dessa estratégia na prevenção e manejo de violências nas escolas dos egressos. Adotou-se avaliação por triangulação, mesclando pesquisa documental e follow-up após dois anos do término do curso, incluindo145 egressos que responderam a um formulário quantitativo e 21 entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados indicaram: a) em 89,8% (n=62) das escolas ocorreram violências e os egressos interviram utilizando conteúdos do curso; b) 22,9% (n=50) foram situações de homofobia, 21,1% (n=46) racismo, 14,2% (n=31) sexismo e 9,1% (n=20) violência doméstica; c) os dados qualitativos sinalizaram o curso como uma estratégia de formação de multiplicadores engajados na prevenção de violências e promoção de cultura de paz em seus espaços. No entanto, mesmo tal estratégia demonstrando avanços consideráveis, os desafios persistem com o atual cenário político-econômico, sendo o mais ameaçador a possibilidade de retrocesso imposto por setores conservadores do executivo e legislativo. Portanto, a visibilidade das ações é um passo decisivo para manutenção e potencialização, evitando o desmonte desta estratégia.
Resenha do livro “Inclusão e Educação”, de Maura Corcini Lopes e Eli Henn Fabris
Authors: Guimarães de Freitas Márcia Guimarães , Cristina da Silva Lázara Cristina
Published: October 2019

A obra problematiza, numa perspectiva geral, a preocupação crescente com a inclusão, e especificamente com a inclusão escolar no Brasil, ao considerar que a inclusão ocupa um status de imperativo de Estado e torna-se uma das estratégias para que o ideal da universalização dos direitos individuais, no caso, a educação para todos, seja considerado como uma possibilidade.
Federal HEAL grant will boost capacity for rural OUD treatment
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2019

A five‐year national study seeking to enhance the availability of medication‐assisted treatment (MAT) and behavioral therapy for opioid addiction in rural areas will not directly involve the specialty addiction treatment community. With primary care clinics often the only accessible treatment site for people with opioid use disorder (OUD) who live in remote locations, the federally funded initiative will be geared to improve these clinics' capacity to address opioid addiction comprehensively.
Esketamine for depression faces real‐world barriers
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2019

Like its predecessor intravenous ketamine, an anesthetic that has been used off‐label to treat depression, esketamine has shown great promise in treating a disease that can destroy quality of life and lead to suicide. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved esketamine (Spravato) last spring for treating depression that is resistant to traditional treatments.
Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Nanoconfined Ionic Liquids for Fast Anisotropic Ion Transport
Authors: Cherian Tomy , Nunes Danilo Rosa , Dane Thomas G. , Jacquemin Johan , Vainio Ulla , Myllymäki Teemu T. T. , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Houbenov Nikolay , Maréchal Manuel , Rannou Patrice , Ikkala Olli
Published: October 2019

Materials involving nanoconfinement of ionic liquids (ILs) have been pursued for functionalities and ionic devices. However, their complex synthesis, challenges to achieve long‐range order, and laborious tunability limit their practical implementation. Herein, these challenges are addressed by complexing surfactants to ILs, yielding a facile, modular, and scalable approach. Based on structural screening, ionic complexation of di‐n‐nonylamine to the terminal sulfonic acid of 1‐(4‐sulfobutyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate IL is selected as a proof of concept. Spontaneous homeotropic smectic order over micrometers is observed, with alternating ionic and alkyl layers. The 1 nm thick ionic layers involve 2D crystalline internal order up to 150 °C, strongly promoting anisotropic ion transport (σ||/σ⊥ > 6500), and curiously, still allowing fluidity. High ionic conductivity of 35 mS cm−1 and mesoscopic diffusion coefficient of ≈10−5 cm2 s−1 at 150 °C along the ionic layers are observed. Fast anisotropic ion transport by simply complexing two components open doors to functional materials and applications.
Antigen‐Inorganic Hybrid Flowers‐Based Vaccines with Enhanced Room Temperature Stability and Effective Anticancer Immunity
Authors: Liu Yijia , Zhu Xianghui , Lu Yan , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Chuangnian , Sun Hongfan , Ma Guilei
Published: October 2019

Particle‐based antigen carriers as adjuvants play an important role in vaccine development. Herein, an antigen‐inorganic hybrid flower‐like particle is developed as a novel vaccine carrier. Model antigen ovalbumin (OVA)‐copper (II) sulfate hybrid vaccines (OVA‐Cu‐HVs) are mildly and facilely constructed through a biomimetic mineralization process. OVA‐Cu‐HVs facilitate cellular uptake in antigen‐presenting cells and the internalization of OVA‐Cu‐HVs involves macropinocytosis‐mediated endocytosis. OVA‐Cu‐HVs can release OVA in a pH‐responsive behavior and promote cytosolic release of antigen to enhance antigen cross‐presentation. Immunization with OVA‐Cu‐HVs promotes the maturation of dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes, induces robust antigen‐specific T lymphocyte response, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. In addition, OVA‐Cu‐HVs are efficacious after being stored for 4 weeks at room temperature and are expected to simplify vaccine storage and lower the cost of cold storage for transportation. Looking forward, OVA‐Cu‐HVs may hold strong potential to be as an effective vaccine delivery platform, which will facilitate the application of organic–inorganic hybrid flowers in biomedical areas.
Mimicking Sensory Adaptation with Dielectric Engineered Organic Transistors
Authors: Shen Hongguang , He Zihan , Jin Wenlong , Xiang Lanyi , Zhao Wenrui , Di Chong‐an , Zhu Daoben
Published: October 2019

Mimicking sensory adaptation with transistors is essential for developing next‐generation smart circuits. A key challenge is how to obtain controllable and reversible short‐term signal decay while simultaneously maintaining long‐term electrical stability. By introducing a buried dynamic‐trapping interface within the dielectric layer, an organic adaptive transistor (OAT) with sensory adaptation functionality is developed. The device induces self‐adaptive interfacial trapping to enable volatile shielding of the gating field, thereby leading to rapid and temporary carrier concentration decay in the conductive channel without diminishing the mobility upon a fixed voltage bias. More importantly, the device exhibits a fine‐tuned decay constant ranging from 50 ms to 5 s, accurately matching the adaptation timescales in bio‐systems. This not only suggests promising applications of OATs in flexible artificial intelligent elements, but also provides a strategy for engineering organic devices toward novel biomimetic functions.
Anomalous Broadband Spectrum Photodetection in 2D Rhenium Disulfide Transistor
Authors: Xiang Du , Liu Tao , Wang Junyong , Wang Peng , Wang Lin , Zheng Yue , Wang Yanan , Gao Jing , Ang Kah‐Wee , Eda Goki , Hu Weida , Liu Lei , Chen Wei
Published: October 2019

2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)‐based phototransistors generally work under photoconductive, photovoltaic, or photogating mode, in which photocarriers are generated from band‐to‐band excitation. Nevertheless, due to the relatively large bandgap, most TMD phototransistors working under these modes are restricted in visible spectrum. Here, photodetection in 2D multilayer rhenium disulfide (ReS2) transistor via bolometric mode, which relies on light heating induced conductance change instead of band‐to‐band photoexcitation is reported, making it possible for sub‐bandgap photon detection. The bolometric effect induced photoresponse is first revealed by an anomalous sign switching of photocurrent from positive to negative while increasing gate voltage under visible light, which is further validated by the temperature dependent electrical transport measurements. The phototransistor exhibits remarkable photoresponse under infrared regime, beyond the optical bandgap absorption edge of the ReS2 flake. Additionally, it demonstrates a low noise equivalent power, less than 5 × 10−2 pW Hz−1/2, which is very promising for ultra‐weak light detection. Moreover, the response time is below 3 ms, nearly 3–4 orders of magnitude faster than previously reported ReS2 photodetectors. The findings promise bolometric effect as an effective photodetection mode to extend the response spectrum of large bandgap TMDs for novel and high‐performance broadband photodetectors.
Visible‐Light Facilitated Fluorescence “Switch‐On” Labelling of 5‐Formylpyrimidine RNA
Authors: Wang Rui‐Li , Jin Xiao‐Yang , Kong De‐Long , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Liu Ji , Liu Li , Cheng Liang
Published: October 2019

Labelling and detecting 5‐formylpyrimidine is essential to understand its biological function. Herein, we describe a visible‐light triggered and catalyst‐free reaction in which 5‐formylcytidine RNA can be selectively labelled with 2‐thioaniline under the irradiation of a commercial blue LED light to generate fluorogenic 5‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl) cytidine.

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Noncovalent Targeting of Nanocarriers to Immune Cells with Polyphosphoester‐Based Surfactants in Human Blood Plasma
Authors: Simon Johanna , Bauer Kristin N. , Langhanki Jens , Opatz Till , Mailänder Volker , Landfester Katharina , Wurm Frederik R.
Published: October 2019

Dendritic cells (DCs) are part of the immune system and can internalize pathogens by carbohydrate receptors. The uptake induces maturation and migration of the DCs resulting in an adaptive immune response by presenting antigens to T‐cells. Thus, targeted delivery to DCs is a powerful tool for immunotherapy. However, in blood, specific targeting is challenging as blood proteins adsorb to the nanocarriers and mask the targeting molecules. Additionally, covalent coupling of targeting groups to nanocarriers requires new chemistry for each nanocarrier, while a general strategy is missing. A general protocol by noncovalent adsorption of mannosylated polyphosphoesters (PPEs) on the nanocarriers' surface resulting in specific uptake into DCs combined with low protein adsorption of PPEs is presented. PPEs with hydrophobic anchors and multiple mannose units are reported and adsorbed to different model nanocarriers. Their protein corona remain similar to pure stealth nanocarriers and prove only low uptake into nontargeted cells (monocytes). Due to the “stealth” properties of PPEs, a high specific uptake into DCs is achieved after incubation in human blood plasma, proving an efficient combination of “stealth” and targeting after simple adsorption of the PPEs. This strategy can transform any nanocarrier into DC‐targeting by noncovalent adsorption of PPEs and will aid in developing novel immunotherapies.
All‐Solid‐State Planar Sodium‐Ion Microcapacitors with Multidirectional Fast Ion Diffusion Pathways
Authors: Zheng Shuanghao , Wang Sen , Dong Yanfeng , Zhou Feng , Qin Jieqiong , Wang Xiao , Su Feng , Sun Chenglin , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Bao Xinhe
Published: October 2019

With the relentless development of smart and miniaturized electronics, the worldwide thirst for microscale electrochemical energy storage devices with form factors is launching a new era of competition. Herein, the first prototype planar sodium‐ion microcapacitors (NIMCs) are constructed based on the interdigital microelectrodes of urchin‐like sodium titanate as faradaic anode and nanoporous activated graphene as non‐faradaic cathode along with high‐voltage ionogel electrolyte on a single flexible substrate. By effectively coupling with battery‐type anode and capacitor‐type cathode, the resultant all‐solid‐state NIMCs working at 3.5 V exhibit a high volumetric energy density of 37.1 mWh cm−3 and an ultralow self‐discharge rate of 44 h from Vmax to 0.6 Vmax, both of which surpass most reported hybrid micro‐supercapacitors. Through tuning graphene layer covered on the top surface of interdigital microelectrodes, the NIMCs unveil remarkably enhanced power density, owing to the establishment of favorable multidirectional fast ion diffusion pathways that significantly reduce the charge transfer resistance. Meanwhile, the as‐fabricated NIMCs present excellent mechanical flexibility without capacitance fade under repeated deformation, and electrochemical stability at a high temperature of 80 °C because of using nonflammable ionogel electrolyte and in‐plane geometry. Therefore, these flexible planar NIMCs with multidirectional ion diffusion pathways hold tremendous potential for microelectronics.
Long‐Term Photostability in Terephthalate Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Mateo Diego , Santiago‐Portillo Andrea , Albero Josep , Navalón Sergio , Alvaro Mercedes , García Hermenegildo
Published: October 2019

Prolonged (weeks) UV/Vis irradiation under Ar of UiO‐66(Zr), UiO66 Zr‐NO2, MIL101 Fe, MIL125 Ti‐NH2, MIL101 Cr and MIL101 Cr(Pt) shows that these MOFs undergo photodecarboxylation of benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) linker in a significant percentage depending on the structure and composition of the material. Routine characterization techniques such as XRD, UV/Vis spectroscopy and TGA fail to detect changes in the material, although porosity and surface area change upon irradiation of powders. In contrast to BCD‐containing MOFs, zeolitic imidazolate ZIF‐8 does not evolve CO2 or any other gas upon irradiation.