bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisão (a)sistemática sobre a atenção da psicologia às gestantes surdas
Authors: Machado Maffei Alexsandra , Meneses Rute Flávia
Published: October 2020

A gestação é um período permeado por sentimentos/pensamentos ambivalentes pelos quais a Psicologia demonstra interesse. Os aspectos físicos/biológicos da gestação sempre foram temas centrais nos cuidados pré e pós-natais. Hoje, programas de cuidados pré-natais psicológicos oferecem espaço acolhedor com o objetivo, por exemplo, de promover a saúde das gestantes e prevenir depressão pós-parto. É possível incluir, também, os companheiros(as) e a família estendida num ambiente de diálogo sobre crenças, expectativas, riscos e anseios presentes nesta fase. Numa breve revisão da bibliografia constata-se que a Psicologia dedica especial atenção aos cuidados às gestantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, na literatura, se as gestantes surdas têm recebido esta mesma atenção. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, até o dia 31 de março de 2020. Foram consultadas as bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, EBSCO e BVS, sem uso de filtros tampouco limite quanto a data de publicação. Os termos MeSH/descritores utilizados foram pregnant women AND Psychology AND deaf*. Dentre os 52 artigos identificados, apenas 9 foram incluídos neste estudo, sendo que 8 deles não tinham como foco principal gestantes surdas e sim gestantes com deficiência. Gestantes com deficiência/surdez parecem, assim, excluídas tanto dos dados censitários, quanto dos serviços de saúde e das pesquisas científicas. Nesta amostra, apesar de pequena, depreendeu-se que estas mulheres são vítimas de preconceito e discriminação de diferentes instâncias da sociedade. No entanto, é possível constatar, também, que há um campo importante e necessário para a atuação da Psicologia voltado a essas mulheres, profissionais de saúde e familiares.
Uber, Airbnb y la llamada «influencia decisiva» de las plataformas digitales
Authors: Pazos Castro Ricardo
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se analiza el criterio de la llamada «influencia decisiva»: un parámetro que determina la naturaleza de los servicios prestados por las plataformas intermediarias y sus correspondientes implicaciones jurídicas. Tales plataformas intentan generar confianza, algo esencial para que la actividad económica se desarrolle satisfactoriamente, mediante diferentes mecanismos. Entre ellos, el establecimiento de algunas de las condiciones de la prestación de los servicios subyacentes, como el transporte o el alojamiento. La influencia de una plataforma como Uber sobre el servicio de transporte ulterior ha sido calificada como «decisiva» por el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE). Por ello, su actividad no constituye un servicio de intermediación en la sociedad de la información, sino un servicio en el ámbito de los transportes. Por el contrario, la actividad de otra plataforma como Airbnb ha sido considerada por el TJUE como un servicio de la sociedad de la información, ya que su influencia sobre el servicio de alojamiento es menor. Tras exponer todas estas cuestiones, se articula una reflexión en torno a la configuración y consecuencias del criterio de la influencia decisiva. En este sentido, presenta algunas opiniones divergentes con la jurisprudencia europea, proporcionándose algunos ejemplos de cómo el mencionado criterio afecta al derecho del trabajo y al derecho civil, y plantea varios debates: la adecuación de la influencia decisiva a la economía de las plataformas; la necesidad de revisar la regulación de los servicios subyacentes relacionados con las plataformas intermediarias, y la conveniencia de establecer una regulación específica en materia de plataformas, adaptando las normas aplicables al grado de influencia ejercido.
Redes sociales y discurso del odio: perspectiva internacional
Authors: Rollnert Liern Göran
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo analiza las medidas legislativas que se obligan a adoptar los Estados parte en el Protocolo adicional al Convenio sobre la Ciberdelincuencia de 2003 para homogeneizar la legislación penal sobre la difusión de «material racista y xenófobo» en internet tipificando como delito determinadas conductas contra personas o grupos por razón de su raza, color, ascendencia, origen nacional o étnico o religión, tratando en primer lugar las cuestiones interpretativas que plantea su redacción y que han sido abordadas por el Informe explicativo. A continuación se estudian los problemas que plantea la aplicación de los criterios que resultan del Protocolo al llamado «discurso del odio» en las redes sociales: la intencionalidad de la conducta y de los efectos de la difusión teniendo en cuenta las especificidades de las redes sociales; la publicidad intencional de la conducta, que se deslinda de las comunicaciones privadas no penalizables por la predeterminación del destinatario, con los problemas que se plantean cuando el destinatario es un grupo de personas; y la definición del material racista y xenófobo que propugna, promueve o incita al odio, la discriminación y la violencia, por remisión a los instrumentos internacionales en los que la incitación es un elemento clave de forma que se incorpora como requisito implícito adicional el «riesgo inminente» según el conocido estándar norteamericano. Finalmente, se examina cómo algunos de estos criterios –en particular, la doctrina del «riesgo inminente»– han sido aplicados en una reciente sentencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos de 2018 sobre el discurso del odio en internet.
Functional interrogation of HOXA9 regulome in MLLr leukemia via reporter-based CRISPR/Cas9 screen
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Yang , Zhou Xinyue , Wright Shaela , Hyle Judith , Zhao Lianzhong , An Jie , Zhao Xujie , Shao Ying , Xu Beisi , Lee Hyeong-Min , Chen Taosheng , Zhou Yang , Chen Xiang , Lu Rui , Li Chunliang
Published: October 2020

Aberrant HOXA9 expression is a hallmark of most aggressive acute leukemias, notably those with KMT2A (MLL) gene rearrangements. HOXA9 overexpression not only predicts poor diagnosis and outcome but also plays a critical role in leukemia transformation and maintenance. However, our current understanding of HOXA9 regulation in leukemia is limited, hindering development of therapeutic strategies. Here, we generated the HOXA9-mCherry knock-in reporter cell lines to dissect HOXA9 regulation. By utilizing the reporter and CRISPR/Cas9 screens, we identified transcription factors controlling HOXA9 expression, including a novel regulator, USF2, whose depletion significantly down-regulated HOXA9 expression and impaired MLLr leukemia cell proliferation. Ectopic expression of Hoxa9 rescued impaired leukemia cell proliferation upon USF2 loss. Cut and Run analysis revealed the direct occupancy of USF2 at HOXA9 promoter in MLLr leukemia cells. Collectively, the HOXA9 reporter facilitated the functional interrogation of the HOXA9 regulome and has advanced our understanding of the molecular regulation network in HOXA9-driven leukemia.
Dopamine promotes instrumental motivation, but reduces reward-related vigour
Authors: Grogan John P , Sandhu Timothy R , Hu Michele T , Manohar Sanjay G
Published: October 2020

We can be motivated when reward depends on performance, or merely by the prospect of a guaranteed reward. Performance-dependent (contingent) reward is instrumental, relying on an internal action-outcome model, whereas motivation by guaranteed reward may minimise opportunity cost in reward-rich environments. Competing theories propose that each type of motivation should be dependent on dopaminergic activity. We contrasted these two types of motivation with a rewarded saccade task, in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). When PD patients were ON dopamine, they had greater response vigour (peak saccadic velocity residuals) for contingent rewards, whereas when PD patients were OFF medication, they had greater vigour for guaranteed rewards. These results support the view that reward expectation and contingency drive distinct motivational processes, and can be dissociated by manipulating dopaminergic activity. We posit that dopamine promotes goal-directed motivation, but dampens reward-driven vigour, contradictory to the prediction that increased tonic dopamine amplifies reward expectation.
Establishment and maintenance of motor neuron identity via temporal modularity in terminal selector function
Authors: Li Yinan , Osuma Anthony , Correa Edgar , Okebalama Munachiso A , Dao Pauline , Gaylord Olivia , Aburas Jihad , Islam Priota , Brown André EX , Kratsios Paschalis
Published: October 2020

Terminal selectors are transcription factors (TFs) that establish during development and maintain throughout life post-mitotic neuronal identity. We previously showed that UNC-3/Ebf, the terminal selector ofC. eleganscholinergic motor neurons (MNs), acts indirectly to prevent alternative neuronal identities (Feng et al., 2020). Here, we globally identify the direct targets of UNC-3. Unexpectedly, we find that the suite of UNC-3 targets in MNs is modified across different life stages, revealing ‘temporal modularity’ in terminal selector function. In all larval and adult stages examined, UNC-3 is required for continuous expression of various protein classes (e.g. receptors, transporters) critical for MN function. However, only in late larvae and adults, UNC-3 is required to maintain expression of MN-specific TFs. Minimal disruption of UNC-3’s temporal modularity via genome engineering affects locomotion. AnotherC. elegansterminal selector (UNC-30/Pitx) also exhibits temporal modularity, supporting the potential generality of this mechanism for the control of neuronal identity.
Dynamically evolving novel overlapping gene as a factor in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Nelson Chase W , Ardern Zachary , Goldberg Tony L , Meng Chen , Kuo Chen-Hao , Ludwig Christina , Kolokotronis Sergios-Orestis , Wei Xinzhu
Published: October 2020

Understanding the emergence of novel viruses requires an accurate and comprehensive annotation of their genomes. Overlapping genes (OLGs) are common in viruses and have been associated with pandemics but are still widely overlooked. We identify and characterizeORF3d, a novel OLG in SARS-CoV-2 that is also present in Guangxi pangolin-CoVs but not other closely related pangolin-CoVs or bat-CoVs. We then document evidence ofORF3dtranslation, characterize its protein sequence, and conduct an evolutionary analysis at three levels: between taxa (21 members ofSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus), between human hosts (3978 SARS-CoV-2 consensus sequences), and within human hosts (401 deeply sequenced SARS-CoV-2 samples).ORF3dhas been independently identified and shown to elicit a strong antibody response in COVID-19 patients. However, it has been misclassified as the unrelated geneORF3b, leading to confusion. Our results likenORF3dto other accessory genes in emerging viruses and highlight the importance of OLGs.
Vicarious reward unblocks associative learning about novel cues in male rats
Authors: van Gurp Sander , Hoog Jochen , Kalenscher Tobias , van Wingerden Marijn
Published: October 2020

Many species, including rats, are sensitive to social signals and their valuation is important in social learning. Here we introduce a task that investigates if mutual reward delivery in male rats can drive associative learning. We found that when actor rats have fully learned a stimulus-self-reward association, adding a cue that predicted additional reward to a partner unblocked associative learning about this cue. By contrast, additional cues that did not predict partner reward remained blocked from acquiring positive associative value. Importantly, this social unblocking effect was still present when controlling for secondary reinforcement but absent when social information exchange was impeded, when mutual reward outcomes were disadvantageously unequal to the actor or when the added cue predicted reward delivery to an empty chamber. Taken together, these results suggest that mutual rewards can drive associative learning in rats and is dependent on vicariously experienced social and food-related cues.
Exploring the Construction of Identities in Written Humorous Narratives by L2 Learners of Greek
Authors: Gasteratou Spyridoula
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to explore how adult learners of Greek as a second language construct their identities through humorous written narratives. Analyzing 135 written humorous narratives with Bamberg’s (1997) narrative positioning model and the knowledge resources of script opposition and target from the General Theory of Verbal Humor (Attardo 1994, 2001), we detect two main categories: (a) narratives of legitimizing identities and (b) narratives of resistance identities. Here we discuss one narrative of each category in which narrators position themselves towards aspects of the Greek sociolinguistic context. Humor emerges as a basic tool for identity construction and stance expression, as narrators either align themselves with dominant values of the L2 context or disassociate themselves from it.
Tłumaczenie teatralne w polskim języku migowym
Authors: Schromová Magda , Kalata-Zawłocka Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

W artykule bliżej przedstawiono temat tłumaczenia teatralnego, które w ostatnich latach podlega dynamicznemu rozwojowi. Tłumaczenie teatralne to rodzaj tłumaczenia artystycznego, które umożliwia społeczności Głuchych uczestniczenie w otaczającej ich kulturze słyszących. Artykuł szczegółowo omawia kilka rodzajów tłumaczenia teatralnego: pozycyjne, strefowe, cieniowe oraz eksperymentalne. Główna uwaga poświęcona jest tłumaczeniu cieniowemu – specjalnemu rodzajowi symultanicznego tłumaczenia języka fonicznego na język migowy, wykonywanemu w taki sposób, że każdemu aktorowi na scenie towarzyszy jeden tłumacz. Podczas tłumaczenia cieniowego tłumacze są w pełni włączeni w występ, poruszają się razem z aktorami – są ich cieniami. Tłumaczenie cieniowe jest dla osób Głuchych bardzo komfortowe, widzowie mogą się skupić na grze aktorów bez konieczności odrywania wzroku od artystów. W Polsce pierwsze próby zastosowania tej formy tłumaczenia podjęto dopiero w 2015 roku. Artykuł porusza również temat przygotowania do tłumaczenia, trudności związanych z każdym z opisanych rodzajów tłumaczenia oraz specyficzną rolą tłumacza.
DA POLÍTICA DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA NO BRASIL E SEUS REFLEXOS NA REDE MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DE FLORIANÓPOLIS (SC)
Authors: Dias Karina De Araújo , Otto Claricia
Published: October 2020

O artigo trata sobre a política nacional de formação continuada de professores e objetiva identificar suas articulações na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Florianópolis (RMEF), entre 2000 e 2014. Com base em estudos de Michel Foucault a propósito de segurança, território, população, toma por pressuposto que tal política opera como uma tecnologia de poder. A empiria é constituída pela legislação a respeito da formação continuada, material dos cursos de formação na RMEF do respectivo período, diário de campo da observação de dez cursos e quatro entrevistas com professores cursistas, em 2014. Conclui que os enunciados acerca da formação continuada apresentam regularidades discursivas, estabelecem-se num campo de poder-saber que produz competências e habilidades permeadas por uma lógica neoliberal. What do you want to do ?New mailCopy
A PRÁTICA COMO COMPONENTE CURRICULAR E A ESCOLHA PELA LICENCIATURA EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS
Authors: Schmitt Matheus D'avila , Silvério Lucio Ely Ribeiro
Published: October 2020

A Prática como Componente Curricular (PCC) é uma disposição legal que visa, na formação do licenciando, melhorar a articulação entre teoria e prática, bem como refletir sobre a ação pedagógica e favorecer uma aproximação com a profissão docente. Buscou-se entender se a PCC teve influência na escolha pela licenciatura entre estudantes do curso diurno de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Para isso, aplicaram-se questionários com 14 formandos do referido curso. Observou-se que para a maioria dos entrevistados a PCC não apresenta influência significativa no processo de escolha por conta de seu desenvolvimento distanciar-se da realidade escolar, direcionar-se para a produção de materiais pedagógicos, realizar-se com pouca criticidade ou devido à carência de formação do professor universitário para exploração desse recurso.
DIRETORES ESCOLARES DO BRASIL: MUDANÇAS NO PERFIL E NA GESTÃO PEDAGÓGICA NO PERÍODO 2007 – 2017
Authors: Marinho Iasmin Costa , Vidal Eloisa Maia , Vieira Sofia Lerche
Published: October 2020

O artigo analisa o perfil de diretores das escolas públicas brasileiras, com uso de microdados dos questionários contextuais do Saeb 2007 e 2017, disponíveis no Inep, aplicando Excel e estatística descritiva e mostra mudanças de perfil. Embora predomine o sexo feminino, idade entre 40 e 49 anos, formação em Pedagogia e outras licenciaturas, aumenta o percentual dos pós-graduados, reduz-se a participação em formação continuada e cresce aqueles que exercem apenas a função remunerada de diretor. No acesso ao cargo predomina a indicação. Cresce a quantidade de professores sem vínculo estável e as ações do tipo reforço, monitoria e programas de apoio aos estudantes com dificuldades de aprendizagem.
AFINIDADES (S)ELETIVAS EM CARTAS: INTERLOCUÇÕES ENTRE RAUL RODRIGUES GOMES E FERNANDO DE AZEVEDO (1932-1973)
Authors: Goes Denardi Vanessa , Ghizoni Teive Gladys Mary
Published: October 2020

Este artigo se refere à análise das interlocuções, através de correspondências, entre Raul Rodrigues Gomes e Fernando de Azevedo, ambos considerados expoentes na história da educação brasileira, principalmente por seu protagonismo no que se refere ao período da Escola Nova no Brasil. Como embasamento teórico-metodológico, optou-se pelo conceito de representação do historiador francês Roger Chartier (1991, 2002, 2011) e os estudos epistolares que compõem a obra de Bastos, Cunha e Mignot (2002). Este trabalho bibliográfico, portanto, nos permite inferir que as 23 cartas de autoria de Raul Gomes e Fernando de Azevedo trazem à tona as afinidades que os unia, bem como as memórias do período em que se pensava um projeto de transformação para a sociedade brasileira, incluindo a escola laica, gratuita e universal.
A QUESTÃO DA QUALIDADE DE ENSINO EM 1989: O DEBATE DOS INTELECTUAIS DO ENSINO PRIVADO NO XXII CONEPE
Authors: Scarfoni Eduardo Norcia , Araujo Gilda Cardoso de
Published: October 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir com o debate sobre a privatização do ensino no Brasil tentando desvendar as injunções frente à temática sobre questão da qualidade de ensino ao final da ditadura civil-militar, após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988. Para isso traremos à tona a concepção de qualidade de ensino defendida por sujeitos ligados a defesa do ensino privado. Nos valeremos da conferência “A qualidade de ensino e seus caminhos – a busca da efetividade da escola” apresentada no XXII Congresso Nacional dos Estabelecimentos Particulares de Ensino. Com uma abordagem teórica pautada em Gramsci, Bobbio e Thompson, entendemos esses sujeitos como intelectuais que atuavam na sociedade em busca da defesa de seus interesses, criando consenso para chegar à hegemonia no campo educacional.
O ENSINO DE FRANCÊS NO CONTEXTO DO PROGRAMA IDIOMAS SEM FRONTEIRAS: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Farias da Silva Sara , Laus Pereira Oliveira Clarissa , Inês Poyer Iane
Published: October 2020

Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência no contexto da prática do Estágio Obrigatório Supervisionado I e II do curso de Licenciatura em Letras – Língua Francesa e Literaturas, da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Foi a primeira vez que o Estágio supervisionado de francês, deste curso de Letras, se realizou no âmbito do programa Idiomas sem Fronteiras, desenvolvido pelo Governo Federal para oferecer aulas de língua francesa à comunidade universitária intencionada em participar de projetos de mobilidade internacional. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o aspecto didático de duas atividades desenvolvidas de acordo com a metodologia do Francês para Objetivo Universitário e ministradas para três turmas no decorrer do ano de 2019, com nível B1, com estudantes, em sua maioria, mestrandos e doutorandos da Universidade. Apresentaremos os resultados obtidos nessa prática com o intuito de contribuir com o campo da formação docente e com as discussões sobre ensino-aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira no contexto do Francês para Objetivo Universitário.
Detektion von carboanhydrase isoenzymen in acrylamidgelen mit einem fluoreszierenden sulfonamid
Authors: Holke Monika , Siegmund P.
Published: July 2002

DNSA (1‐Dimethylamino‐naphthelene‐5‐sulfonamide) forms with carbonic anhydrase (carbonate hydrolase, EC 4.2.1.1) a highly fluorescent complex [1]. We used the formation of these complexes for the detection of the isoenzyme bands of carbonic anhydrase in isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis in acrylamide gels. DNSA is added to the solution of the isoenzymes before separation. Using quartz tubes — the maximum of the excitation spectrum is 280 nm [1] ‐ for supporting the gels the fluorescent enzyme bands can be observed during development in UV light and without putting the gels out of the quartz tubes. This technique allows the detection of the carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes with greater precision and simplicity than with any staining method.
Der einfluss von coffein auf das schmelzverhalten von DNS
Authors: Lang H.
Published: July 2002

The interaction of caffeine with DNA has been studied at several ionic strengths by heat denaturation. At 2 mM K+ caffeine produces a stabilization, but at 20 mM K+ or higher a destabilization of secondary structure of DNA occurs. There is a correlation between heterogeneity and destabilization of DNA in presence of caffeine. In the premelting region a hyperchromic effect can be observed. It is suggested that two binding processes exists in the DNA‐caffeine interaction.
Elements de structure primaire de L'α‐lactalbumine et de la β‐lactoglobuline de buffle
Authors: Addeo Francesco , Mercier Jean-Claude , Dumas Bruno Ribadeau
Published: July 2002

Although 150 individual samples of milk from Italian water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) were examined by acid and alkaline gel electrophoresis, no polymorphism was observed for α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin. After isolation and purification of these two proteins their amino acid compositions were determined and compared with those of the corresponding bovine proteins. The sequence alignments of 36 and 17 amino‐acids from the N‐terminal ends and 2 amino‐acids from the C‐terminal ends of buffalo α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin, respectively, have been established. Our results indicate that buffalo α‐lactalbumin differs from its cow B counterpart by a substitution Asn/Gly at position 17 and by another substitution, likely Glu/Gln or Asp/Asn, at an unknown position. Buffalo β‐lactoglobulin is homologous to the bovine B variant. Three substitutions differentiate the two proteins: Ile/Leu and Val/Ile at positions 1 and 162 respectively; a further one, Gln/Ile, has not yet been located. According to these results the B variant of bovine β‐lactoglobulin might be the wild type of the Bos genus.
Detection of glycogen in a glycogen storage disease by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Stevens Anthony N. , Iles Richard A. , Morris Peter G. , Griffiths John R.
Published: July 2002

The livers of gsd/gsd rats homozygous for the glycogen storage disease phosphorylase b kinase deficiency were observed by 13C NMR using a surface coil. Clear signals were detected from glycogen. The concentration of glycogen as determined by NMR was ∼3‐times that found in normal strains agreeing well with chemical determinations Starvation did not significantly reduce the glycogen content of the livers with glycogen storage disease whereas it reduced the signal below detectability in normal rats. Difference spectra of starved normal rats from fed gsd/gsd rats gave spectra similar in appearance to that of purified glycogen. Glycogen both in vivo and in vitro is fully visible using 13C NMR.
Plasma protein kinase activity enhanced by interferon is found in platelets
Authors: Galabru J. , Buffet-Janvresse C. , Rivière Y. , Hovanessian A.G.
Published: July 2002

A protein kinase activity analogous to that found in interferon‐treated HeLa cells is detectable in human plasma rich in platelets. This kinase activity is manifested by the phosphorylation of an endogenous M
r 72 000 protein which could be conveniently assayed after partial purification on poly(G)—Sepharose. Here, we show that the protein kinase system in the plasma consists of at least 2 components. The protein kinase is found to be localised in the platelet whereas most of the substrate (the M
r 72 000 protein) is found free in the plasma and a fraction of it associated with the surface of platelets.
ATP synthesis with single turnover flashes in spinach chloroplasts
Authors: Schreiber U. , Del Valle-Tascon S.
Published: July 2002

Single‐turnover flash‐induced ATP synthesis in chloroplasts was measured in situ with the luciferin luminescence method. In dark‐adapted chloroplasts the first flashes only induce ATP hydrolysis. Once the reversible ATPase is fully activated, ATP hydrolysis persists for extended periods of darkness and flash‐induced ATP‐synthesis is optimal even at flash frequencies lower than 0.1 Hz. About one molecule of ATP is formed per 1000 chlorophyll and flash. In a low frequency flashing regime under steady state conditions, the newly formed ATP is stable. There is no threshold light intensity for flash‐induced ATP synthesis. The data are in agreement with models involving short‐range interaction between electron transport and the coupling factor.
A chloroplast system capable of translating heterologous mRNAs
Authors: Camerino Giovanna , Savi Antonella , Ciferri Orio
Published: July 2002

A system capable of incorporating amino acids into protein has been prepared from chloroplasts isolated from spinach leaves. The activity of the system is inhibited by chloramphenicol or RNase but not by rifampycin or cycloheximide. After reducing the endogenous activity by treatment with micrococcal nuclease, the system responds to homologous or heterologous mRNAs. The RNA from MS‐2 phage is translated faithfully as demonstrated by the isolation from the translation products of a protein with the same mobility of the phage coat protein. Partial proteolytic digestion confirmed that the protein synthesized in vitro is indeed the phage protein.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy of an oxygenated intermediate species of cytochrome oxidase d from Escherichia coli
Authors: Poole R.K. , Baines B.S. , Hubbard J.A.M. , Hughes M.N. , Campbell N.J.
Published: July 2002

Resonance Raman spectroscopy (excitation at 647.1 nm) of solubilized and aerated cytochrome oxidase d from Escherichia coli K12 has shown absorptions (1078–1105 cm−1) attributed to the oxygen—oxygen stretching frequency of the oxidase—oxygen adduct. These findings support the hypothesis that the 650–652 nm chromophore of cytochrome d is an oxygenated or ’oxy’ intermediate species and not the fully oxidized enzyme.
Inactivation of spermidine N1‐acetyltransferase with alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Matsui Isao , Otani Shuzo , Kamei Masaharu , Morisawa Seiji
Published: July 2002

Spermidine N
1‐acetyltransferase in an extract from phytohemagglutinin‐stimulated bovine lymphocytes was inactivated by preincubation with alkaline phosphatase. Inactivation of the acetylase with the phosphatase was totally inhibited by addition of pyrophosphate. These results suggest that spermidine N
1‐acetyltransferase, the rate‐limiting enzyme in the biodegradative pathway of polyamines, is inactivated by dephosphorylation. A similar effect of alkaline phosphatase on the acetylase in an extract from Escherichia coli was also observed. The acetylase has a rapid rate of turnover and the rapid loss of the enzyme activity may be to some extent regulated by the covalent modification.
Resolution and reconstitution of the rec BC deoxyribonuclease of Escherichia coli
Authors: Banfalvi G. , Csuzi S. , Antoni F.
Published: July 2002

The inactivation of rec BC nuclease activity and simultaneously the separation of 3 DNA‐dependent ATPases and an ATP‐independent DNases specific for single‐stranded DNA have been observed after DEAE‐cellulose chromatography of cell extracts from Escherichia coli. Two of the ATPases catalyze the strand separation of duplex DNA. Reconstitution of ATP‐dependent DNase activity has been carried out by the combination of the separation enzymes.
Identification of a novel calcium binding protein from bovine brain
Authors: Morton Waisman David , Muranyi Judith , Mohammed Ahmed
Published: July 2002

A novel Ca2+ binding protein, named caligulin, was extracted from the heat‐treated 100 000 × g supernatant of bovine brain and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The apparent M
r of caligulin determined on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels was 24 000. Analysis by gel filtration chromatography indicated an apparent M
r of 33 000, suggesting a monomeric protein. Amino acid composition data demonstrated the presence of 25% acidic residues, 12% basic residues and 10% leucine. In the presence of 1 mM MgCl2 and 0.15 M KCl, caligulin bound 1 mol Ca2+/mol protein with half‐maximal binding at about 0.2 μM Ca2+.
EaeI: a restriction endonuclease from Enterobacter aerogenes
Authors: Whitehead Philip R. , Brown Nigel L.
Published: July 2002

We describe the isolation and characterization of a type II restriction endonuclease from Enterobacter aerogenes. This recognises and cleaves the family of related sequences: ↓ 5′‐Py—G—G—C—C—Pu‐3′ to generate DNA fragments with 5′‐tetranucleotide extensions. EaeI may be useful in molecular cloning experiments, especially in conjunction with other enzymes which generate the same terminal extensions. Potential problems in the methods used to determine the cleavage specificity are discussed.
Fucosyltransferase activities in human lymphocytes and granulocytes
Authors: Greenwell Pamela , Ball M.Geraldine , Watkins Winifred M.
Published: July 2002

Human lymphocytes and granulocytes were examined for blood group H‐gene‐specified α‐2‐L‐fucosyl‐transferase, α‐3‐L‐fucosyltransferase and blood group Le‐gene‐specified α‐4‐L‐fucosyltransferase. No α‐4‐L‐fucosyltransferase was detectable in either cell type. α‐3‐L‐Fucosyltransferase was readily demonstrable in both lymphocytes and granulocytes and the levels of activity per 106 cells were approximately the same. In contrast, α‐2L‐fucosyltransferase was detectable in lymphocytes but not in similar numbers of granulocytes. The absence of α‐2‐L‐fucosyltransferase was confirmed in granulocytes isolated from the blood of eighty unselected donors and was independent of ABO blood group or ABH secretor status.
The effect of hydrophobicity of β‐lactam antibiotics on their phospholipid bilayer permeability
Authors: Yamaguchi Akihito , Hiruma Ryoichi , Sawai Tetsuo
Published: July 2002

Phospholipid bilayer permeability of β‐lactam antibiotics was determined using liposomes enclosing β‐lactamase. There was good correlation between the permeability and hydrophobicity within the analogous β‐lactams. However, the effect of hydrophobic character on the permeability parameter was very different between the groups. Moderately hydrophilic penicillins such as benzylpenicillin and ampicillin showed very high permeability compared with cephalosporins. Penicillins having hindered side chains such as oxacillin and methicillin showed moderate permeability taking into account their hydrophobicity. These observations are suggestive of outer membrane permeation of these β‐lactams via routes other than the porin pore, especially in porin‐deficient mutants of gram‐negative bacteria.
Synthetic peptides mimic subtype specificity of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus
Authors: Clarke B.E. , Carroll A.R. , Rowlands D.J. , Nicholson B.H. , Houghten R.A. , Lerner R.A. , Brown F.
Published: July 2002

The major immunogen of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) is located between amino acids 141–160 of the capsid protein VP1. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the major immunogenic region give good neutralising antibody responses and protection in guinea pigs. To define more precisely the immunogenic site of the virus, we have examined serological differences between subtypes of the A serotype using synthetic peptides covering the 141–160 region. We show that these synthetic peptides carry determinants which mimic the subtype specificity of the virus. The correlation between these results and predictive structural models, based on the amino acid sequence, is discussed.
A study of bacterial response to polypeptide antibiotics
Authors: Cortay Jean-Claude , Cozzone Alain J.
Published: July 2002

When Escherichia coli cells are treated with either polymixin or gramicidin at concentrations that block protein and RNA synthesis, they accumulate a significant amount of guanosine tetraphosphate ppGpp. Such accumulation occurs in stringent (relA
+) as well as in relaxed (relA) strains and no guanosine pentaphosphate pppGpp is then detected within the cells. These observations suggest that polypeptide antibiotics elicit ppGpp formation through a mechanism different from the stringent control system triggered by amino acid starvation of bacteria. Experiments based on tetracycline action indicate, moreover, that the accumulation of ppGpp under polymixin or gramicidin treatment is connected with a strong restriction of the degradation rate of this nucleotide.
Fluorescence study of secondary structure of DNA within bacteriophage λ
Authors: Shurdov M.A. , Kiyanov S.V.
Published: July 2002

Bromoacetaldehyde (BAA) was used to study the secondary structure of DNA in λ‐phage particles. It was determined that about 1% of the adenines in the intraphage λ‐DNA reacts readily with BAA, thus, they are placed in DNA sites with disturbed complementary interactions. These adenines are close to the tryptophan residues of the phage protein. Fluorescence emission of ϵA in the intraphage DNA is dramatically quenched. This, apparently, indicates the interaction between ϵA and Trp‐ and/or Tyr‐ and/or Met‐residues of phage protein.
Analysis of the base substitutions found in the Xenopus laevis 5 S RNA pseudogene
Authors: Andersen Janet , Delihas Nicholas , Thompson Keith
Published: July 2002

A 5 S RNA pseudogene is associated with the major oocyte 5 S RNA gene of Xenopus laevis. X. borealis has several oocyte specific 5 S RNA genes. Gene 1 is the dominant 5 S RNA gene. Gene 3 has sometimes been referred to as a pseudogene. We show that the base substitutions in the X. laevis 5 S pseudogene are non‐random with respect to double and single‐stranded regions of the 5 S RNA using the χ2 test of homogeneity with Yates correction for continuity. In addition, conserved positions of eukaryotic 5 S RNAs are predominantly maintained. X. borealis gene 3 is random in mutations.
A third DNA‐dependent ATPase from Bacillus cereus free of ATP‐dependent DNase activity
Authors: Ohlbaum A. , Csuzi S. , Antoni F. , Banfalvi G.
Published: July 2002

The purification of ATP‐dependent DNase from Bacillus cereus led to the isolation and characterization of a third DNA‐dependent ATPase. The enzyme called ATPase III has been purified free of nuclease activity. None of the expected ATPases proved to be identical with ATP‐dependent DNase‐DNA‐dependent ATPase. Separation of ATPase I, II and III and a DNase specific for single‐stranded DNA from the same source excludes the possibility of ATP‐dependent DNase being the action of a single enzyme molecule.
Isolation of a factor from cotton leaf that recognizes Beijerinckia
Authors: Murty M.G.
Published: July 2002

The selective retention of Beijerinckia, a nitrogen‐fixing bacterium on cotton leaf surfaces was shown to be due to a binding factor. Gel diffusion and inhibition studies suggested that the factor from the leaf binds to lipopolysaccharide of the bacterium. SDS—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified factor gave a single band corresponding to M
r ∼ 19 500. The organism showed agglutination activity with the factor when it reached stationary phase of growth. A positive correlation between encapsulation of the organism and agglutination activity was also observed.
Direct measurements of the dextran‐dependent calcium uptake by rat peritoneal mast cells
Authors: Sagi-Eisenberg Ronit , Geller-Bernstein Carmi , Ben-Neriah Ziva , Pecht Israel
Published: July 2002

The metallochromic indicator murexide has been used to monitor calcium concentration changes during the dextran‐induced, phosphatidylserine‐dependent degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells. The dextran‐induced Ca2+‐uptake showed an absolute dependence on the presence of phosphatidylserine. The extent of Ca2+‐uptake increased with phosphatidylserine in a concentration‐dependent manner. At 25°C the half‐life of the uptake process equalled 35 ± 5 s. Exposure of the mast cells to dextran in the presence of Ca2+, but in the absence of phosphatidylserine, desensitized the cells. The subsequent addition of phosphatidylserine failed to restore the Ca2+‐uptake activity. However, the Ca2+‐ionophore A23187 did promote Ca2+ uptake by the cells without PS.
Presence of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate‐like and kainate‐like and kainate‐like activities in bovine brain
Authors: Luini Alberto , Goldberg Ora , Teichberg Vivian I.
Published: July 2002

Searching for the natural ligands interacting with brain excitatory amino acid receptors, we have isolated from cow brain a low‐M
r ampholyte fraction containing molecules with excitatory properties similar to those of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate and kainate, which cannot be accounted for by any of the known brain excitants. This finding supports the hypothesis of the existence of excitatory neurotransmitters other than L‐glutamate and L‐aspartate.
Heterogeneity of α2u‐globulin gene products in different translational systems, plasma and urine
Authors: Mertens Bea , Vandoren Gaby , Opdenakker Ghislain , Volckaert Guido , Verhoeven Guido
Published: July 2002

α2u‐Globulin, an androgen dependent rat urinary protein, displays considerable microheterogeneity. To explore whether this microheterogeneity of α2u‐globulin in male rat urine is related to the heterogeneity at the level of the genes encoding this protein, or whether it is due to post‐translational processing we studied the α2u‐globulin mRNA translation products in rabbit reticulocyte and Xenopus oocytes. Comparison of the α2u‐globulin species produced in these two heterologous systems with those observed in plasma and urine indicates that the heterogeneity of this protein in urine is mainly due to heterogeneity at the level of the corresponding mRNAs.
Infrared spectroscopic evidence of hydrogen bonding between carbon monoxide and protein in carbonylhorseradish peroxidase C
Authors: Smith Michael L. , Ohlsson Per-Ingvar , Paul Karl Gustav
Published: July 2002

Carbonylhorseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C2 (EC 1.11.1.7) exhibits two bands in the infrared spectrum attributable to the ligand CO at 1933.5 and 1905 cm−1. Replacement of H2O by D2O results in shifts to both bands to new positions at 1932.5 and 1902.5 cm−1. The results indicate strong hydrogen bonding to the terminal oxygen of CO, of strength comparable to that recently observed for oxyhemoglobin and oxymyoglobin.
EEDQ probably reacts with the Mg2+‐ATP catalytic sites of mitochondrial and bacterial F1‐ATPases
Authors: Pougeois Richard
Published: July 2002

The carboxyl reagent N‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐ethoxy‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) inactivated ATPase activities of isolated MF1 and BF1 when assayed in an MgCl2 medium, but not in an EDTA medium. However, another carboxyl reagent, N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) was found to inhibit MF1 and BF1 when assayed either in the presence of MgCl2 or EDTA. These data suggest that EEDQ interferes with the binding of Mg2+ at catalytic sites of both MF1 and BF1 and that EEDQ on one hand, and DCCD on the other, react with different carboxyl groups on MF1 and BF1.
Changes in guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) level during nitrogenase expression in the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris
Authors: Zumft Walter G. , Neumann Stefan
Published: July 2002

Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) levels were followed in the non‐sulfur purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris during derepression and repression of nitrogenase, and during nitrogen starvation which leads to overproduction of this enzyme. Conditions of nif gene activation were characterized by a rise in the ppGpp pool size ∼90 min prior to commencing nitrogenase activity, whereas the opposite conditions caused a rapid depletion of ppGpp. The kinetic behavior of this nucleotide was, thus, in accordance with a possible regulatory role in nif gene expression. The correlation of ppGpp synthesis and degradation with the nitrogen‐nutritional status indicated existence of stringent control in this photosynthetic bacterium.
A model for metalloprotein‐catalysed ADP, ATP transport in mitochondria
Authors: Boos Karl-Siegfried , Schlimme Eckhard
Published: July 2002

We propose a hypothetical model for the transmembrane exchange reaction catalysed by the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide carrier protein, which basically consists of an alternating reorientation of a transitory carrier—metal—nucleotide complex. The key features of the model are: the participation of an intrinsic divalent metal ion in the course of transport catalysis; the different stability constants of protonated and deprotonated nucleotide—metal complexes; the exposure and retraction of strategic arginyl residues; the alternating reorientation of the active center involving a change from the cytosolic conformation (C
c) to the matrix conformation (C
m).
Proteins of the Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosome
Authors: Appelt Krzystof , Dijk Jan , White Stephen , Wilson Keith , Bartels Klaus
Published: July 2002

The 5 Å resolution crystal structure analysis of ribosomal protein L30 from Bacillus stearothermophilus is described. The molecule is shown to be compact and extend to about 25–30 Å in each dimension.
Regulation of cockroach flight muscle phosphofructokinase by fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate
Authors: Storey Kenneth B.
Published: July 2002

Fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate is a potent activator of cockroach flight muscle 6‐phosphofructo‐1‐kinase; at 5 μM, fructose 2,6‐P2 lowers S
0.5 for fructose 6‐P 36‐fold from 16 ± 0.90 to 0.44 ± 0.14 mM. Muscle concentration of fructose 2,6‐P2 is elevated at the initiation of flight suggesting that the compound plays a key role in the activation of muscle phosphofructokinase, and therefore in the activation of glycolytic flux, during the initiation of flight.
Evidence that the α2HS glycoprotein receptor and the Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) are identical
Authors: Lewis J.G. , André C.M.
Published: July 2002

Evidence is presented which suggests that the α2HS glycoprotein (α2HS) receptor on lymphocytes transformed by Epstein—Barr virus (EBV) and the EBV‐determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) are immunologically related, and may be identical. Western blotting, using both anti‐EBNA and anti‐α2HS receptor serum identified a similar M
r 48 000 component in labelled detergent‐solubilized transformed cell supernatants. The M
r 48 000 component recognized by anti‐EBNA serum had a pI between 7–8, similar to that reported for the α2HS receptor.
Amino acid sequence of a ferredoxin from thermoacidophilic archaebacteria, Thermoplasma acidophilum
Authors: Wakabayashi S. , Fujimoto N. , Wada K. , Matsubara H. , Kerscher L. , Oesterhelt D.
Published: July 2002

The amino acid sequence of Thermoplasma acidophilum was determined by various conventional techniques. It is composed of 142 amino acid residues including 9 cysteines. One of the two cysteine clusters shows exactly the same cysteine distribution as clostridial ferredoxins, but the other shows a unique distribution. Comparison of various archaebacterial ferredoxins suggests multiple origins.
Effect of fatty acid anilides on the generation of arachidonic acid by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Authors: Garcia Gil Mercedes , van Lookeren Campagne Michiel W. , Alemany Susana , Municio Angel M. , Mato Jose M.
Published: July 2002

The addition of oleoylanilide or linoleylanilide to human polymorphonuclear leukocytes induces a time‐and dose‐dependent generation of arachidonic acid. Half‐maximal effect is caused by a dose of 0.2 mg linoleylanilide/ml. Fatty acid anilides also produce a time‐ and dose‐dependent inhibition of the synthesis of triacylglycerol. Half‐maximal effect is caused by 1 μg linoleylanilide/ml. These results indicate that fatty acid anilides, which have been found in the illegal cooking oil which intoxicated thousands of Spaniards, alter lipid metabolism in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Resolution of the hemes of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase by redox potentiometry and optical spectroscopy
Authors: Prince Roger C. , Larroque Christian , Hooper Alan B.
Published: July 2002

Optical spectroscopy combined with redox potentiometry has resolved the hemes of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase into 6 thermodynamically distinct classes. There are apparently 4 classes of heme c
553, with E
m7‐values of 295 mV, 10 mV, −190 mV and −390 mV, present in a stoichiometry of 1:1:2:1; two equivalents of heme c
559, E
m7 O mV, and one of heme P‐460, an unusual chromophore, with E
m7 −260 mV.
Pancreatic secretory factor (PSF), a protein from Gila monster venom stimulating enzyme secretion from rat pancreatic acini
Authors: Dehaye Jean-Paul , Winand Jacques , Michel Patrick , Robberecht Patrick , Waelbroeck Magali , Vandermeers André , Vandermeers-Piret Marie-Claire , Christophe Jean
Published: July 2002

Pancreatic secretory factor (PSF), a 17.5‐kDa protein purified from the venom of Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum), stimulated amylase secretion from dispersed rat pancreatic acini more efficiently than CCK‐8, bombesin, carbachol and secretin, and without increasing 45Ca2+ efflux and cyclic AMP levels. The secretory action was dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium and was additive to the secretion induced by agents acting via cyclic AMP or via Ca2+ efflux.
Conservation of interphase chromatin nonhistone antigens as components of metaphase chromosomes
Authors: Adolph Kenneth W.
Published: July 2002

The degree of conservation of HeLa interphase chromatin nonhistone antigens among the nonhistones of isolated metaphase chromosomes was determined with immunological procedures. Proteins were separated on SDS‐polyacrylamide gels and electrophoretically transferred to diazophenylthioether (DPT)‐paper, which was then overlaid with antiserum to chromatin from interphase nuclei. The bound antibodies were detected with 125I‐labeled protein A. Alternatively, polyacrylamide gels were directly overlaid with antiserum and with 125I‐protein A. Densitometry of autoradiograms and stained gels revealed the degree of conservation of nonhistone antigenic determinants from interphase to metaphase to be over 90% for chromatin.
Poly(A)‐containing RNA in early embryogenesis of sea urchins
Authors: Prokopenko I.V. , Sova V.V.
Published: July 2002

The content, biosynthesis and template activity of poly(A)+ RNA in the early stages of sea urchin development have been studied. The amount of poly(A)+ RNA reaches a maximum at the middle blastula stage in polyribosomes and at the 8‐blastomere stage in the cytoplasm. Poly(A)+ RNA synthesis becomes noticeable at the 64‐blastomere stage and the spectrum of newly synthesized molecules is different from that at the middle blastula stage. The products of translation in vitro of poly(A)+ RNA at all the stages studied show insignificant differences and contain a major group of polypeptides of molecular mass 10–20 kDa.