bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precipitable water vapor content from ESR/SKYNET Sun-sky radiometers: validation against GNSS/GPS and AERONET over three different sites in Europe
Authors: Campanelli Monica , Mascitelli Alessandra , Sanò Paolo , Diémoz Henri , Estellés Victor , Federico Stefano , Iannarelli Anna Maria , Fratarcangeli Francesca , Mazzoni Augusto , Realini Eugenio , Crespi Mattia , Bock Olivier , Martìnez-Lozano Jose A , Dietrich Stefano
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The estimation of the precipitable water vapor content (W) with high temporal and spatial resolution is of great interest in both meteorological and climatological studies. Several methodologies based on remote sensing techniques have been recently developed, in order to obtain accurate and frequent measurements of this atmospheric parameter. Among them, the relative low cost and easy deployment of sun-sky radiometers, or sun-photometers, operating in several international networks, allowed the development of automatic estimations of W from these instruments with high temporal resolution. However the great problem of this methodology is the estimation of the sun-photometric calibration parameters. The objective of this paper is to validate a new methodology based on the hypothesis that the calibration parameters characterizing the atmospheric transmittance at 940 nm are dependent on vertical profiles of temperature, air pressure and moisture typical of each measurement site. To obtain the calibration parameters some simultaneously seasonal independent measurements of W taken over a large range of solar zenith angle and covering a wide range of W, are needed. In this work yearly GNSS/GPS dataset were used for obtaining a table of photometric calibration constants and the methodology was applied and validated in three European ESR-SKYNET network sites, characterized by different atmospheric and climatic conditions: Rome, Valencia and Aosta. Results were validated against the GNSS/GPS and AErosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET) W estimations. In both the validations the agreement was very high with a percentage RMSD of about 6 %, 13 % and 8 % in the case of GPS intercomparison at Rome, Aosta and Valencia, respectively, and of 8 % in the case of AERONET comparison in Valencia. Analysing the results by W classes, the present methodology was found to clearly improve W estimation at low W content when compared against AERONET in term of %Bias, bringing the agreement with the GPS (considered the reference one), from a %Bias of 5.76 to 0.52.
Recovery of biological soil crust richness and cover 12–16 years after wildfires in Idaho, USA
Authors: Root Heather T. , Brinda John C. , Dodson E. Kyle
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Changing fire regimes in western North America may impact biological soil crust (BSC) communities that influence many ecosystem functions, such as soil stability and C and N cycling. However, longer-term effects of wildfire on BSC abundance, species richness, functional groups, and ecosystem functions after wildfire (i.e., BSC resilience) are still poorly understood. We sampled BSC lichen and bryophyte communities at four sites in Idaho, USA, within foothill steppe communities that included wildfires from 12 to 16 years old. We established six plots outside each burn perimeter and compared them with six plots of varying severity within each fire perimeter at each site. BSC cover was most strongly negatively impacted by wildfire at sites that had well-developed BSC communities in adjacent unburned plots. BSC species richness was estimated to be 65 % greater in unburned plots compared with burned plots, and fire effects did not vary among sites. In contrast, there was no evidence that vascular plant functional groups or fire severity (as measured by satellite metrics differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR) or relativized differenced normalized burn ratio (RdNBR)) significantly affected longer-term BSC responses. Three large-statured BSC functional groups that may be important in controlling wind and water erosion (squamulose lichens, vagrant lichens, and tall turf mosses) exhibited a significant decrease in abundance in burned areas relative to adjacent unburned areas. The decreases in BSC cover and richness along with decreased abundance of several functional groups suggest that wildfire can negatively impact ecosystem function in these semiarid ecosystems for at least 1 to 2 decades. This is a concern given that increased fire frequency is predicted for the region due to exotic grass invasion and climate change.
Temperature and UV light affect the activity of marine cell-free enzymes
Authors: Thomson Blair , Hepburn Christopher David , Lamare Miles , Baltar Federico
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Microbial extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA) is the rate-limiting step in the degradation of organic matter in the oceans. These extracellular enzymes exist in two forms: cell-bound, which are attached to the microbial cell wall, and cell-free, which are completely free of the cell. Contrary to previous understanding, cell-free extracellular enzymes make up a substantial proportion of the total marine EEA. Little is known about these abundant cell-free enzymes, including what factors control their activity once they are away from their sites (cells). Experiments were run to assess how cell-free enzymes (excluding microbes) respond to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and temperature manipulations, previously suggested as potential control factors for these enzymes. The experiments were done with New Zealand coastal waters and the enzymes studied were alkaline phosphatase (APase), β-glucosidase, (BGase), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAPase). Environmentally relevant UVR (i.e. in situ UVR levels measured at our site) reduced cell-free enzyme activities by up to 87 % when compared to controls, likely a consequence of photodegradation. This effect of UVR on cell-free enzymes differed depending on the UVR fraction. Ambient levels of UV radiation were shown to reduce the activity of cell-free enzymes for the first time. Elevated temperatures (15 °C) increased the activity of cell-free enzymes by up to 53 % when compared to controls (10 °C), likely by enhancing the catalytic activity of the enzymes. Our results suggest the importance of both UVR and temperature as control mechanisms for cell-free enzymes. Given the projected warming ocean environment and the variable UVR light regime, it is possible that there could be major changes in the cell-free EEA and in the enzymes contribution to organic matter remineralization in the future.
Quantifying interdecadal changes in large-scale patterns of surface air temperature variability
Authors: Zappalà Dario A. , Barreiro Marcelo , Masoller Cristina
Published: September 2017

Abstract. We study daily surface air temperature (SAT) reanalysis in a grid over the Earth surface and identify and quantify changes in SAT variability patterns during the period 1979–2016. By analyzing Hilbert amplitude and frequency we identify the regions where relative variations are most pronounced (larger than ±50 % for the amplitude and ±100 % for the frequency). Amplitude variations are interpreted as due to changes in precipitation or ice melting; frequency variations, to a northward shift of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and a widening of the rainfall band in the western Pacific Ocean. The ITCZ is the ascending branch of the Hadley cell and thus, by affecting the tropical atmospheric circulation, ITCZ migration has far reaching climatic consequences. As the methodology proposed here can be applied to many other geophysical time series, our work will stimulate new research that will advance the understanding of climate change impacts.
A expressão dos processos sentar e levantar em relatos descritivos do português do brasil e do espanhol do Uruguai
Authors: Dacuña Badaracco Lucas Mario , Brum-de-Paula Mirian Rose , Barbieri Thais Telles
Published: September 2017

Neste artigo, investiga-se a expressão dos processos sentar e levantar em relatos produzidos por três sujeitos falantes nativos do português brasileiro (PB) e três do espanhol uruguaio (EU). Discute-se a estrutura linguística formada pelo verbo estar e por um verbo no particípio. Visto que no PB e no espanhol há modos particulares de exprimir os dois processos, haveria diferenças naquilo que é dito e inferido? Para a coleta, produziram-se gravuras e formularam-se perguntas, visando obter os dados pretendidos. O objetivo foi verificar se existem evidências de que cenários idênticos são relatados distintamente pelos falantes do PB e do EU.
Trocas ortográficas de consoantes oclusivas no português brasileiro: dados de pelotas/rs - Brasi
Authors: Damé Vergília Spiering , Ferreira-Gonçalves Giovana
Published: September 2017

Neste trabalho, observa-se de que forma a ocorrência de imprecisões fonético/fonológicas pode refletir nas trocas ortográficas relacionadas aos segmentos oclusivos. Para tanto, foram coletados dados de fala e de escrita de onze crianças, com faixa etária entre sete e oito anos, estudantes do segundo ano de uma escola pública, por meio de três etapas metodológicas. A partir do corpus obtido, nota-se maior ocorrência de trocas de oclusivas na relação surda/sonora e em sílabas constituídas por encontros consonantais. A análise de outiva não evidenciou a correspondência dessas trocas na fala, no entanto, análises acústicas revelaram indícios do papel do aprimoramento fonético/fonológico na escrita dos segmentos oclusivos.
O papel da língua inglesa na publicação acadêmico-científica: reflexões teóricas e o caso dos cursos de escrita on-line brasileiros
Authors: Fuza Ângela Francine
Published: September 2017

Este artigo objetiva evidenciar, a partir de reflexão teórica e da análise de cursos de escrita on-line brasileiros, o papel que a língua inglesa desempenha no cenário acadêmico de publicação e de circulação do conhecimento. O construto teórico-metodológico do estudo são as teorias dos Novos Estudos do Letramento, no tocante aos modelos de letramento, e as pesquisas desenvolvidas sobre o emprego da língua inglesa na academia. Os resultados revelam que o trabalho com a escrita recai nos moldes do letramento autônomo e nos modelos das habilidades e da socialização acadêmica, sendo o inglês a língua predominante nos cursos.
Investigating prescriptions of positive behavior in power-conso¬lidation national anthems
Authors: Souza Anderson Alves de
Published: September 2017

Assim como outros símbolos nacionais, os hinos nacionais estão profundamente relacionados a lutas por poder no âmbito político das sociedades modernas, exercendo, portanto, importantes papeis sociais e institucionais (HOBSBAWM, 1989, 1992; SMITH, 1991). O objetivo principal da presente pesquisa é realizar uma análise de gênero do elemento estrutural Prescrição de Comportamento. Positivo encontrado na estrutura genérica de 18 hinos nacionais de consolidação de poder escritos em inglês. O principal arcabouço teórico adotado é a teoria de gêneros textuais de Hasan (1989, 1996). A análise revelou que os principais atributos do referido elemento são: “demanda” e “referência a serviço da classe ‘comportamento positivo’”. A análise também revelou que os autores dos hinos nacionais utilizam uma vasta gama de recursos léxico-gramaticais para realizar os comandos expressos nas Prescrições de Comportamento Positivo.
Ideologia e efeitos de sentido: um olhar discursivo na cartilha nacional de alimentação escolar
Authors: Dikson Dennys , Arruda Gabriela Alves de
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo realiza uma análise discursiva tendo como materialidade e corpus de trabalho a “Apresentação” da Cartilha Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (CNAE), publicada pelo MEC em 2014. A partir das questões teórico-metodológicas da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa fundada por Pêcheux (2009), e as investigações de Orlandi (1994, 2003, 2015), Florêncio et al. (2009), Cavalcante (2007), Guimarães (2005), dentre outros, empreendemos análises em duas sequências discursivas recortadas da CNAE, com o intuito de desvelar efeitos de sentido e construções discursivo-ideológicas nelas presentes, em especial os de poder-elitizado que “camuflam” as responsabilidades alimentares e educacionais inerentes ao Estado.
Mental Health Concerns' Impact on Graduation Intent and Improvement for Brief Counseling
Authors: Blau Gary , Dimino John , Demaria Peter A. , Beverly Clyde , Chessler Marcy
Published: September 2017

Three online undergraduate survey samples were collected: not-in-counseling (NIC); initial counseling session (ICS), that is, only triage; and brief counseling (BC), a median of four counseling sessions over an eight-week average. Results showed that mental health concerns significantly explained intent to graduate after controlling for background variables and institutional commitment for the NIC and ICS samples. For the smaller BC sample, composed of freshmen and transfer students or “transitional students,” counseling treatment led to a significant decrease in mental health concerns. For “transitional” students, a university counseling center may be particularly useful in helping these students adjust to their new college environment and persist toward graduation.
A Diagnostic Mechanism for Assessing Respondent Burden: Sensitive Item Nonresponse Bias in Student Surveys
Authors: Porterfield Victoria , Weiner Marc D. , Siracusa Paul C.
Published: September 2017

This study evaluates unit and, more narrowly, sensitive item nonresponse to surveys in the university setting. Subgroups within the responding sample of a student survey at a large, public university in the United States are probed for patterns of differential nonresponse, with a focus on assessing sensitive item nonresponse. The standout result is that international students are significantly more likely than domestic students to be sensitive to items involving sexual orientation. This result aligns with literature on cultural differences between domestic and international students in US universities. Additionally, this study found nonsignificant nonresponse to other generally accepted sensitive items.
Evaluation of Electronic Writing Experiences of Turkish Teacher Candidates at WATTPAD Environment
Authors: Aytan Talat
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze Turkish teacher candidates’ electronic writing experiences at wattpad.com environment. The study group of this research consisted of 53 Turkish teacher candidates who were studying at a state university in Istanbul. Teacher candidates in the study group joined Wattpad.com and wrote at least one narrative text and informative text within a month. A structured interview form was used to receive the opinions of 15 teacher candidates who experienced writing in electronic environment. The data obtained using the interview form were subjected to content analysis. The electronic writing experiences of Turkish teacher candidates were interpreted in the framework of the themes which were formed on the basis of advantages and disadvantages. Prospective Turkish teachers evaluated the writing in electronic environment as advantageous in terms of legibility and spelling check, reader and writer interaction and visual appeal, time saving and convenience, affordability, quick feedback and constructive criticism, encouragement, archiving possibilities and socialization. On the other hand, they considered the writing in electronic environment as disadvantegous in terms of unreliability of virtual world, distractibility, severe criticisms, not comparable to handwriting, character limitation, health concerns, wording concerns, asociality, copyright and plagiarism concerns, using profanity.
Most Preferred Market Venues for Locally Grown Fresh Produce among Online Shoppers
Authors: Gumirakiza Jean D. , VanZee Sarah M.
Published: September 2017

This paper examines the most preferred market venues online shoppers use when purchasing locally/regionally grown fresh produce. We surveyed 1,205 consumers who made online purchases at least twice within six months prior to participating in this study. We call these consumers “online shoppers”. The study was conducted in the Southern region of the U.S. We collected data using Qualtrics actively managed market research panels and social media such as Facebook, and Twitter. Results indicate that grocery stores are the most preferred market venue online shoppers use to purchase locally/regionally grown fresh produce with a relative probability of 44 percent. Farmers’ markets are the second most preferred market venues with a likelihood of 33 percent. The third market venue is on-farm/CSA programs with relative probability of seven percent. Online markets are currently the fourth most frequented with a likelihood of five percent. 11 percent have no particular most preferred market venue. This analysis is significant to fresh produce growers and marketers. Results suggest new marketing strategies to conveniently make fresh produce accessible among online shoppers. Furthermore, this study is useful for future studies with interests in explaining the preferred market venues for local/regional fresh produce among online shoppers.
Technological Characterization and Use of Babassu Residue (Orbygnia phalerata Mart.) in Particleboard
Authors: Machado Nitalo André Farias , De Andrade Hosana Aguiar Freitas , Parra-Serrano Luisa Julieth , Furtado Marileia Barros , Silva-Matos Raissa Rachel Salustriano da , De Farias Maryzélia Furtado , Furtado Jomar Livramento Barros
Published: September 2017

The wood-based panel industry is growing all over the world, and in many countries the raw material is becoming increasingly inadequate and increasingly expensive. Therefore, new inputs are needed to reduce production costs. The residue of babassu palm fruit after nut extraction process is an alternative, due to its fibrous characteristics, the high availability in the large agroindustrial complexes in the North of Brazil and the low cost. Thus the research was: (i) to determine the mechanical characteristics (tensile strength and elasticity), physicochemical characteristics (density, pH, extractives content and chemical composition) and micro-structural of the babassu residue, comparing it with the particles of Pinus sp., used in commercial panels; (ii) to evaluate the quality of panels manufactured with babassu residue by physical conditions (swelling in thickness and water absorption) and mechanical characterization (elasticity and rupture) based on Brazilian Technical Standards (NBR 14810-2: 2013), American (ANSI A208.1: 2009) and European (EN 312: 2003). Statistical analysis of the data was performed with the aid of Infostat software through analysis of variance using Tukey test at the 5% probability level. The babassu residue has technological characteristics that allow its use in particleboard production. However, there are particularities that may compromise its use, such as high silica content and high density.  Particleboard made from babassu residue presented mechanical performance above that required by current normative documents. However, for the physical properties, especially for the porosity of the particleboard of babassu, the obtained values were lower than the required minimum.
Recent Progresses on Industrialization of Sweet Sorghum at IMP
Authors: Dong Xicun , Li Wenjian , Liu Ruiyuan , Gu Wenting
Published: September 2017

Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is not only an efficient and highly productive bioenergy crop that may help alleviate potential food-fuel tension caused by over-reliance on corn grain ethanol because of its outstanding features, including large amounts of fermentable carbohydrates in its juice-rich stalks, drought-tolerance, saline-alkaline resistance but also has considerable potential as food, forage crop owing to the limited availability of arable land. In this review, we have provided a brief overview of the progress that has been made in sweet sorghum industrialization at IMP range from research motivation, breeding, planting scale to products development. A conclusion is drawn that sweet sorghum industry is a systematic project, involving many key points, such as breeding, planting, production process and products sale. From a strategic and sustainability point of view, sweet sorghum is one of the most promising plants, particularly for ethanol, silage and liquor production.
Weed Control and Selectivity to Post-Applied Herbicides in Eucalyptus
Authors: Bacha Allan Lopes , Nepomuceno Mariluce Pascoina , Carrega Willians Cesar , Martins Pedro De Figueiredo Rocha Barbosa , Alves Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar
Published: September 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of fluazifop-p-butyl and haloxyfop-R methyl ester on Eucalyptus urograndis (clone GG100), as well as the use of fluazifop-p-butyl for control of Panicum maximum and Urochloa brizantha. Two experiments were conducted in 15-liter capacity pots, in a completely randomized design with four replications. The first experiment consisted of seven treatments, in which fluazifop-p-butyl and haloxyfop-R methyl ester were sprayed at 15, 30 and 37 days after planting (DAP) and a control plot without application. In the second experiment, the treatments consisted of a factorial 4 × 2 (four application periods and two weed species), in which three seedlings of P. maximum or U. brizantha were transplanted per pot. In both experiments, at 90 DAP, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and total dry matter of eucalyptus were evaluated. In the second experiment, besides the morphological parameters, the percentage of weed control was evaluated. The data was submitted to analysis of variance by F test, and the means compared by Tukey test at the level of 5% of probability. Both herbicides did not cause visual effects of phytointoxication in eucalyptus, but haloxyfop-R methyl ester was not selective to clone GG100 (E. urograndis). Fluazifop-p-butyl was selective to clone GG100, providing better control in the first application period (15 DAP) but only for P. maximum, which negatively affected the initial development of eucalyptus, while U. brizantha was not efficiently controlled with the usage of fluazifop-p-butyl.
Increasing transparency in the European Union: developments of Country-by-Country Reporting
Authors: Brodzka Alicja
Published: September 2017

Increasing transparency in the European Union: developments of Country-by-Country Reporting

The aim of the paper is to bring closer Country-by-Country Reporting and outline possible future amendments of the introduced anti-tax avoidance measures. The article presents the motives of implementing the international CbC initiative, aimed at increasing transparency of the biggest multinational enterprises, with particular emphasis on the specificity of the European Union. Part 2 of the paper analyses the Euro-pean legal bases for companies’ financial reporting. It also gives an overview of the main findings of Directive 2016/881, which implements Country-by-Country Reporting and allows for the exchange of information between tax authorities. Part 3 deals with the national perspective, presenting the CbC solu-tions implemented to the Polish legal system; the paper also attempts to assess the potential impact of tax information disclosures, both from the perspective of taxpayers and the tax administration. The final part presents conclusions and tries to draft future developments of the Country-by-Country Reporting system. In the paper, the following research methods have been used: critical analysis and deduction, with partic-ular reference to the source materials and legal acts, as well as the reports of the European Commission, consulting companies, and NGOs. Although the article deals with tax matters, CbC Reporting is an im-portant and relevant issue from the point of view of researchers and accounting specialists. Reporting this phenomenon is part of the accounting science as a universal tool for recording economic phenomena. The author examined all relevant sources and took into account all important factors in order to obtain a com-prehensive picture of CbC Reporting and to prepare a paper that may serve as a reference for future research.
Holland’s personality types versus preferences in accounting
Authors: Cewińska Joanna , Grzesiak Lena , Kabalski Przemysław , Kusidel Ewa
Published: September 2017

Holland’s personality types versus preferences in accounting

The article presents the results of research on the relationship between personality according to the typol-ogy of Holland with preferences in accounting. In his theory, Holland distinguished six personality types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. The authors formulated a general hypothesis that these different personality types have different preferences and views on certain issues in accounting. They also formulated several detailed hypotheses related to two personality types: Conven-tional and Enterprising. In order to verify the hypotheses, the authors carried out quantitative research (a questionnaire survey) and focus interviews. Generally speaking, these hypotheses were confirmed.
How important is business ethics: evidence from Estonia
Authors: Gurvitsh Natalja , Alver Jaan , Alver Lehte
Published: September 2017

How important is business ethics: evidence from Estonia

During recent decades, more and more attention has been paid to business ethics. There seems to be an increasing interest in the non-financial aspects of business. Stakeholders all over the world express their concern about embedding the principles of professional and business ethics into companies’ everyday activities. The main subject of this research is business ethics and the purpose is to find out the im-portance of professional and business ethics and determine its place in the modern business world as seen by Estonian business students and practitioners. To achieve the goals, the authors conducted a survey among Estonian graduate and undergraduate accounting and business students at Tallinn University of Technology and Estonian business practitioners. 587 responses were collected in the process. This infor-mation was compiled and analyzed based on status, gender, age, and specialization. The survey revealed that in Estonia people are familiar with business ethics; however, it is not of great interest to them. The results also indicate that professional and business ethics merit more attention and should be included as a required course in the curriculum of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). In general, business ethics in Estonia was not ranked as “high”, which was also the case for both professional ethics at the work-place/university and also the importance and necessity of ethics in the modern business world.
The recertification of the professional accounting qualification in Estonia: the requirements and quality of CPD
Authors: Kallaste Kaidi , Alver Jaan
Published: September 2017

The recertification of the professional accounting qualification in Estonia: the requirements and quality of CPD

As the purpose of a professional qualification should be to ensure quality to employers/customers, appro-priate requirements for professional training should not be too low. On the other hand, too high require-ments for the amount of training would lead to the situation where maintaining the level is expensive and if the labour market does not consider having a professional certificate necessary, recertification will be discarded. The purpose of the research was to identify the factors that influence an accountant’s decision whether to recertify his/her professional qualification or not. The conditions of recertification were ana-lysed and compared to other countries as were the requirements set up for auditors. The results of the survey revealed that in Estonia the decision not to recertify one’s professional qualification was mainly due to not having fulfilled the required number of qualification hours or not having certificates proving one’s participation in qualification training sessions. At the same time, compared to other countries, the requirements in Estonia are very low. So that the increase in the amount of training would not hinder recertification, alternative solutions for Estonia are proposed in the article.
Education of managers in the area of accountancy
Authors: Mijal Michał , Chmielewski Adam
Published: September 2017

Education of managers in the area of accountancy

The paper highlights the most important factors in the process of passing on knowledge about a compa-ny’s financial situation, or accountancy in general. Those factors are general conditions relevant for every educational process, as well as specific ones characteristic of a particular field of knowledge. The article also describes an innovative game created by one of the authors for the purpose of basic education, and it analyzes the possibilities and limitations of that tool in the educational process. The conclusions were made based on a series of tests of the game which are described in this article, and which were conducted among professors and students of accountancy, as well as active businesspeople. In the last section of the paper, the authors suggest possible uses of the game in higher education, in the research of accountancy, as well as in primary and secondary education.
Slow Tourism in Large Cities: Creating Slow Districts
Authors: Wilkońska Anna
Published: September 2017

Purpose. Discussion regarding the development potential of large cities with respect to the idea of slow tourism, especially in the context of designated areas of specific city districts. References were made to the city of Cracow.

Method. Analysis of literature on the subject made references to issues related to the idea of slow movement with respect to cities (slow city) and tourism (slow tourism). Analysis of Cracow’s case, in the context of the establishment of a slow district which is scheduled in the city, allowed for practical references with respect to the discussed issue.

Findings. The performed analyses showed the complexity of the issue of slow movement, but also its attractiveness for large cities and tourists (e.g. on account of environmental protection). However, popularisation of the idea of slow movement also entails risks, especially related to its mass character and, in effect, its commercialisation.

Research and conclusion limitations. Analysis of literature on the subject only referred to a fragment of the issue and case analysis focused on only one municipal centre.

Practical implications. References were made to specific binding tasks from the Tourism Development Strategy of Cracow.

Originality. References were made to a large municipal centre which, in the context of the slow movement idea, is a rare subject of academic papers. The subject matter was connected to specific examples of slow districts, planned in the strategic document for Cracow.

Type of paper. Overview-type article and case study.
LC-HRMS for Characterizing Durum Wheat Pasta Production Variability and Consumer Overall Liking
Authors: Lambertini Francesca , Cavanna Daniele , Catellani Dante , Vigni Mario Li , Durante Caterina , D’Alessandro Alessandro , Suman Michele
Published: September 2017

Semolina pasta represents one of the most important dishes in Italian cuisine worldwide. Italy is the leader in its production and, recently, the worldwide diffusion of its production has begun to grow tremendously. The perceived quality of a food product, such as pasta, is a key feature that allows a company to increase and maintain the competitive advantage of a specific brand. The overall flavor perception of the consumer, therefore, has become as important as other key quality factors such as texture and color; thus, the food industry needs to meet consumer expectations and needs the tools to objectively “measure” the quality of food products. Untargeted fingerprinting by means of coupling LC with high-resolution MS (HRMS) has been well received within the analytical community, and different studies exploiting this approach for the characterization of high-value food products have recently been reported in the literature. In the present work, a tentative application of the sensomics approach to cluster analysis of semolina pasta obtained using different production conditions was developed to objectively define target molecules that correlate with consumer overall liking of an industrial standard product. Principal component analysis of chemical and physical testing, GC-MS, LC-HRMS, and sensory data were performed with the aim of identifying the main parameters to discern similarities and differences among samples and clustering them according to these features. The correlation between analytical data and compounds related to sensory data was further investigated, and lastly, a partial least-squares regression model for the prediction of consumer overall liking was reported.
Application of MALDI-TOF MS Systems in the Rapid Identification of Campylobacter spp. of Public Health Importance
Authors: Hsieh Ying-Hsin , Wang Yun F , Moura Hercules , Miranda Nancy , Simpson Steven , Gowrishankar Ramnath , Barr John , Kerdahi Khalil , Sulaiman Irshad M
Published: September 2017

Campylobacteriosis is an infectious gastrointestinal disease caused by Campylobacter spp. In most cases, it is either underdiagnosed or underreported due to poor diagnostics and limited databases. Several DNA-based molecular diagnostic techniques, including 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence typing, have been widely used in the species identification of Campylobacter. Nevertheless, these assays are time-consuming and require a high quality of bacterial DNA. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) MS is an emerging diagnostic technology that can provide the rapid identification of microorganisms by using their intact cells without extraction or purification. In this study, we analyzed 24 American Type Culture Collection reference isolates of 16 Campylobacter spp. and five unknown clinical bacterial isolates for rapid identification utilizing two commercially available MADI-TOF MS platforms, namely the bioMérieux VITEK® MS and Bruker Biotyper systems. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to confirm the species-level identification of the unknown clinical isolates. Both MALDI-TOF MS systems identified the isolates of C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. fetus. The results of this study suggest that the MALDI-TOF MS technique can be used in the identification of Campylobacter spp. of public health importance.
Mercy for money: Torture’s link to profit in Sri Lanka, a retrospective review
Authors: Block Wendell Block, , Lee Jessica Lee, , Vijayasingham Kera
Published: September 2017

Background: The purpose of this retrospectivestudy is to describe the pattern ofbribe taking in exchange for release fromtorture, during and after the decades-longwar in Sri Lanka. Methods: We reviewedthe charts of 98 refugee claimants from SriLanka referred to the Canadian Centre forVictims of Torture for medical assessmentsprior to their refugee hearings in Torontobetween 1989 and 2013. We tallied thenumber of incidents in which claimantsdescribed paying cash or jewelry to endtorture, and collected other associated datasuch as demographics, organizations of theperpetrators, locations, and, if available,amounts paid. We included torture perpetratedby both governmental and nongovernmentalmilitant groups. Collected data wascoded and evaluated. Findings: We foundthat 78 of the 95 subjects (82.1%) whosereported ordeals met the United NationsConvention Against Torture/InternationalCriminal Court definitions of torturedescribed paying to end torture at least once.43 subjects paid to end torture more thanonce. Multiple groups (governmental andnon-governmental) practiced torture andextorted money by doing so. A middlemanwas described in 32 percent of the incidents.Payment amounts as reported were highcompared to average Sri Lankan annualincomes. The practice of torture and relatedmonetary extortion was still reported afterthe end of the war, inclusive of 2013.Interpretation: Torture in Sri Lanka isunlikely to end while profit motives remainunchallenged. As well as health injuries,victims of torture and their families suffersignificant economic injuries while theirassailants are enriched. The frequent linkbetween torture and impunity meansmultiple populations the world over arevulnerable to this abuse.
An evaluation of combined narrative exposure therapy and physiotherapy for comorbid PTSD and chronic pain in torture survivors
Authors: Dibaj Iselin , Øveraas Halvorsen Joar , Edward Ottesen Kennair Leif , Inge Stenmark Håkon
Published: September 2017

Abstract Introduction: Torture is associated with adverse health consequences, with especially high rates of PTSD, depression and chronic pain. Despite increased awareness of the relationship between pain and posttraumatic symptoms, and the accompanying need for effective treatment strategies, few studies have examined an integrated treatment of comorbid PTSD and pain. Methods: In this study, using an A-B case series design with three and six month follow-up, six refugee torture survivors with comorbid PTSD, depression and chronic pain received 20 sessions of Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) and 10 sessions of physiotherapy. Outcome variables included symptoms of PTSD and depression, pain intensity, physical functioning and quality of life. Symptoms of PTSD and pain were also rated after each treatment session. Results: Two patients achieved clinically significant reduction in symptoms of PTSD. Only one patient achieved clinically significant change in depressive symptoms, and two experienced clinically significant reduction in pain intensity. Clinical descriptions of the course of treatment for all patients are provided. Discussion and Conclusions: Despite its limitations, the study suggests that some torture survivors who suffer high symptom loads may benefit from a combined treatment of NET and physiotherapy. Appreciating individual differences and how they affect treatment can provide valuable insight and inform clinicians working with torture survivors. Directions for future research regarding the improvement of rehabilitation strategies of torture survivors are discussed, and highlighted through descriptions from the six therapy cases.
Preventing torture for people deprived of freedom: The Atlantic Hope and Black Swan Prison Model
Authors: Ogbozor Ernest N. , Schoeny Mara L. , Baer Andrew E.
Published: September 2017

International law and minimum standards provide certain protection for detainees and prisoners of war (POW) against torture and ill-treatment. Places of detention and parties to conflicts are often monitored to ensure that they adhere to the required standards through, for example, visits to individual detainees and the assessment of facilities. However, monitoring between the point of arrest and eventual remand in prisons is largely inadequate. This paper explains an emerging model to enhance protection of prisoners through readiness training for prospective humanitarian personnel. The Atlantic Hope simulation exercise on monitoring detainees and visits to the mock Black Swan prison represents a teaching model to enhance sustainable protection of detainees and POW during incarceration. The simulation entails comprehensive monitoring, assessment, visits and provision of services to prisoners from the point of arrest, during the transition to places of custody, and imprisonment. These enhance protection of detainees to avoid deaths in custody, disappearance and torture throughout the chain of imprisonment.
Author guidelines
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: September 2017

Guidelines
A Compositional Analysis of Unbalanced Usages of Multiple Left-turn Lanes
Authors: Li Li , Lu Qing-Chang , Chang Yun-Tao , Peng Zhong-Ren
Published: September 2017

Lane usage measures distribution of a specific traffic movement across multiple available lanes in a given time. Unbalanced lane usages decrease the capacity of subject segment. This paper took multiple left-turn lanes at signalized intersections as case study, and explored the influences of some factors on the lane usage balance. Lane usages were calculated from field collected lane volumes and the constant-sum constraint among them was explicitly considered in the statistical analysis. Classical and compositional analysis of variance was respectively conducted to identify significant influential factors. By comparing the results of compositional analysis and those of the classical one, the former ones have better interpretability. It was found that left-turn lane usages could be affected by parameter variance of geometric design or traffic control, such as length of turning curve, length of upstream segment, length of signal phase or cycle. These factors could make the lane usages achieve relative balance at different factor levels.
A Key Station Identification Method for Urban Rail Transit: A Case Study of Beijing Subway
Authors: Sun Shiwei , Li Haiying , Xu Xinyue
Published: September 2017

Congestion occurs and propagates in the stations of urban rail transit, which results in the impendent need to comprehensively evaluate the station performance. Based on complex network theory, a key station identification method is considered. This approach considers both the topology and dynamic operation states of urban rail transit network, such as degree, passenger demand, system capacity and capacity utilization. A case of Beijing urban rail transit is applied to verify the validation of the proposed method. It shows that the method can be helpful to daily passenger flow control and capacity enhancement during peak hours.
Family resources and promotion of development of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Morilla Carla Matheus , Caldas Carla Andrea Cardoso Tanuri , Scarpellini Amanda Cristina Alcantara Verceze , Santos Patricia Leila dos
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of permanent disorders of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, attributed to a non-progressive disorder that occurs in the developing brain. The family of a child with CP becomes essential and will be much in demand, both to drive the child’s development in a favourable environment and to maintain his health. A well-functioning family and a variety of environmental stimuli can be decisive in supporting children with CP.Objective: To analyse family dynamics and the availability of child development-promoting resources in the family environment of children with CP.Methods: We recruited a sample of 25 mothers of children with PC in the Hospital das Clínicas of Ribeirão Preto. Mothers completed the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV), the Inventory of the Family Environment Resources (FER) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: The average age of mothers was 32.3 (±7.6) years; 68 per cent had completed at least primary education and 80 per cent were living with a partner. The average age of the children was 48.0 (±15.5) months; 56 per cent were girls and 68 per cent attended day care or preschool. Moderate correlations were observed between environmental resources and family functioning (0.39<r<0.70), and the FACES IV indicative scales of good family functioning showed positive correlations with the overall score of FER.Conclusion: Children with PC have few opportunities to participate in activities outside the home, but have received a good supply of resources in their homes. Well-functioning family dynamics showed an association with a greater supply of resources in the domestic environment.
Factors Associated with Excess Weight in a Sample Population of School Adolescents
Authors: Farias Edson Dos Santos , Santos Josivana Pontes dos , Soares Maísa Maia , Moreira Katia Fernanda Alves , Gemelli Ivanice Fernandes Barcellos , Gonçalves Luis Gonzaga De Oliveira , Souza Orivaldo Florêncio de
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Overweight has been reported as a public health problem. Consequently, this suggests epidemiological studies for nutritional surveillance.Objective:  To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with overweight among high school students in Capital of the Brazilian Western Amazon.Methods: cross-sectional study of 2694 adolescents from public and private schools. They collected demographic, socioeconomic and sedentary behavior through self-responded questionnaire. Overweight rating followed the recommendations of the World Health Organization (2007). The prevalence rates were calculated, odds ratio and their confidence intervals were calculated at 95%. They identified the factors associated with excess weight by multiple binary logistic regression.Results: The overall prevalence of overweight was 24.2% and 26.3% for males and 22.4% for females. After adjustment factors associated with overweight were economic class A / B (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.45), private school type (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1,02-1.46) and poor health perception (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.58). It was concluded that excess weight showed high prevalence in economy class adolescents and B and private schools in Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.Conclusion: Therefore, the practice of physical activity associated with a diet should be encouraged, in addition to reducing sedentary behavior, to prevent the development of overweight and obesity.
Contributions in the field of Public Health for decision-making in health
Authors: Neves Luiz Antônio Tavares
Published: September 2017

Brazil has made a wide development and contribution in the field of Public Health. These contributions have maximized public health decision-making, which is a factor of great importance for the maintenance of health of a given population, either in the prevention of disease, as is the case of immunizations or with actions in Health Promotion, improving the quality of life of the affected population. Thus, the Journal of Human Growth and Development has contributed enormously to the dissemination of knowledge, not only in Brazil but also in the world making a major effort with its publications in English which is the preferred language of the modern scientific world. It was evidenced the importance of research in the investigation of better ways to obtain the public health of a given community, bringing discussion of themes that involve aspects of human growth and development such as nutritional aspects, sexuality, motor development, covering situations and diseases as obesity, cerebral palsy, dyslexia and violence. The Journal of Human Growth and Development has maintained the tradition of approaching the different aspects that involve clinical practice for people and for Public Health.
Lessons Learned in Partnerships and Practice: Adopting Open Source Institutional Repository Software
Authors: Allen Amy Leigh
Published: September 2017

INTRODUCTION After the establishment of the University Archives at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, it became apparent that processes needed to be established for collecting, preserving, and providing access to born-digital materials. The University Archivist established partnerships across multiple departments within the Libraries and with faculty and staff of colleges, schools, and administrative units across campus to test open source repository software and develop collections to fulfill this need. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM This case study examines three specific projects and workflows providing access to digital undergraduate honors theses, university serials, and music concert recordings. Lessons learned during the project include the success strategies for partnership formation along with the identification of project processes that need improvement, such as promotion and long term preservation. NEXT STEPS AND CONCLUSIONS The campus has transitioned to a proprietary system for the official institutional repository. However, the pilot projects examined in this study filled intermediate needs: providing a group of files and metadata for the official institutional repository and helping the Libraries to evaluate the sustainability of open source platforms. Staff gained experience and identified areas where improvement was needed. However, the most successful aspect of the project was establishing partnerships that will carry over to the new repository.