bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELF1 upregulates MEIS1 to accelerate proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells through the GFI1/FBW7 axis
Authors: Cheng Meixiong , Zeng Yi , Zhang Tian , Xu Min , Wu Yaqiu , Li Zhili
Published: April 2020

Background: To explore whether the transcription factor ELF1 affects the GFI1-FBW7 through MEIS1, thus participating in the occurrence and development of glioma. In this study, key transcription factors were identified by differential analysis of GEO database, and downstream regulatory pathways were predicted by available literature.Methods and results: Based on bioinformatics analysis and existing studies, we speculate that the transcription factor ELF1 may regulate FBW7 through MEIS1-mediated GFI1 and thus affect the occurrence of glioma. The expressions of transcription factors ELF1, MEIS1 and GFI1 were up-regulated in glioma tissues, and the prognosis of glioma patients with high expression of ELF1 was worse.We found that interfering with ELF1 expression in glioma cells can reduce the proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells and induce cell apoptosis. The results of Western-blot showed that the expressions of PCNA and MMP9 were decreased, while the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated. ChIP experiments showed that ELF1 binds to the MEIS1 promoter region, and MEIS1 can activate the enhancer of GFI1. In vivo experiments were carried out in nude mice, the results showed that interfering ELF1 could inhibit tumor growth in nude mice through the MEIS1-GFI1/FBW7.Conclusion: Therefore, interference of ELF1 in glioma can reduce its ability to recruit the transcription factor MEIS1, and further impair the activation ability of MEIS1 to GFI1 enhancer, which resulting in suppression of proliferation, migration and invasion and induction of cell apoptosis in glioma cells.
Cerebrovascular complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Case series
Authors: Morassi Mauro , Bagatto Daniele , Cobelli Milena , D’Agostini Serena , Gigli Gian Luigi , Bnà Claudio , Vogrig Alberto
Published: April 2020

Background: Italy is one of the most affected countries by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The responsible pathogen is named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia leading to intensive care unit admission. Evidence of cerebrovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 is limited. We herein report 6 patients who developed acute stroke during COVID-19 infection. Methods: Retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 using reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs, who developed clinical and neuroimaging evidence of acute stroke during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Results: Six patients were identified (5 men); median age was 69 years (range: 57-82). Stroke subtypes were ischemic (4, 67%) and hemorrhagic (2, 33%). All patients but 1 had pre-existing vascular risk factors. One patient developed encephalopathy prior to stroke, characterized by focal seizures and behavioral abnormalities. COVID-19-related pneumonia was severe (i.e. requiring critical care support) in 5/6 cases (83%). Liver enzyme alteration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) elevation was registered in all cases. Four patients (67%) manifested acute kidney failure prior to stroke. Four patients (67%) had abnormal coagulation tests. Outcome was poor in the majority of the patients: 4 died (67%), 1 is still in coma (20%) and the remaining 1 remains severely neurologically affected (mRS: 4).Conclusions: Acute stroke can complicate the course of COVI-19 infection. In our series, stroke developed mostly in patients with severe pneumonia and multi organ failure, liver enzymes and LDH were markedly increased in all cases, and the outcome was poor.
Lay perspectives on social distancing and other official recommendations and regulations in the time of COVID-19: a qualitative study of social media posts
Authors: Ölcer Sabahat , Yilmaz-Aslan Yüce , Brzoska Patrick
Published: April 2020

Background
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a new form of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) first appeared in China end of 2019 and quickly spread to all counties of the world. To slow down the spread of the virus and to limit the pressure on the health care systems, different regulations and recommendations have been implemented by authorities, comprising amongst others the closure of all entertainment venues and social distancing. These measures have received mixed reactions, particularly from young individuals, with many not following available advice. Drawing on the information in social media discussion forums, the present study explores the reasons why people ignore the orders and recommendations of the authorities and why the authorities are unable to produce a shared sense of inclusion concerning protective measures against the coronavirus outbreak.
Methods
Three open-access social media forums (Reddit, Twitter, and YouTube comments) were systematically searched with respect to coronavirus/COVID-19-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours of individuals. The data was retrieved in the first three weeks of March 2020. Qualitative document analysis and qualitative content analysis were used as the methodical approach. The data was reviewed by all authors and jointly interpreted to minimise inconsistencies.
Results
In the analysis, 22 threads were used from the aforementioned websites. Six main themes were identified: information pollution on social media, the need to know the unusual threat that spreads rapidly, the impacts of the social environment, the role of government’s representatives and politicians, aids without concrete economic steps to satisfy them, and self-criticism by parents related to the behaviours and attitudes of their children.
Conclusion
In uncertain crises, transparency in the presentation of information and government policies emerge as influential determinants in creating social susceptibility and solidarity. The results further reveal the potential advantages and opportunities of using social media data in scientific investigations.
Variables Associated with Low Muscle Mass Among End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Submitted to Hemodialysis: A cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Santos Paulo Roberto , Grun Patrícia Narguis , Oliveira Karine da Silva , Santos Victor Lavinas
Published: April 2020

Background: We aimed to compare lean tissue index between patients with low and normal muscle strength in order to determine a cutoff to classify low muscle mass and find variables associated with low muscle mass among end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: We studied 245 end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis in the only two dialysis centers located in the north region of Ceará state, Brazil, in October 2019. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and anthropometric measurements were collected. Patients’ functional ability was assessed by the Brazilian version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index. Bioimpedance analysis and handgrip testing were used, respectively, to evaluate lean tissue index and muscle strength. We classified low muscle mass according to muscle strength, and compared variables between patients with normal and low muscle mass. Variables that differed in the comparison were analyzed with a logistic regression model to detect independent predictors of low muscle mass. Results: According to a cutoff of less than or equal to 15 kg/m 2 of lean tissue index to classify low muscle mass, we found a prevalence of 41.2% of low muscle mass. Patients with low muscle mass presented higher prevalence of functional disability. In multivariate logistic regression (considering low muscle mass as a dependent variable), age (older), female gender, creatinine level, fat tissue index and abnormal waist-to-hip ratio were found to be independent predictors of low muscle mass. Conclusions: Older patients, women, patients with low creatinine, with high fat tissue index and with abnormal waist-to-hip ratio should be classified as at risk of low muscle mass. Dietary improvements, encouragement of resistance exercise and the use of androgens should be tried in this group of patients. Keywords: End-stage renal disease, Hemodialysis, Sarcopenia, Muscle mass, Muscle strength, Bioimpedance, Handgrip test
Infantile Prognosis of Neonates Conceived by Assisted Reproductive Techniques: A prospective Study
Authors: khoei Ellieh , Afjeh Seyyed Abolfazl , tajalli saleheh , Fallahi Minoo
Published: April 2020

Background: Outcomes of neonates of infertile couples that are golden babies and care of them is an issue of importance. But it is not yet clear if the prognosis is different between them and neonates from fertile couples. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of neonates conceived by assisted reproductive techniques.Methods: In this cohort study, a total of 165 newborn who were conceived by ART and 165 naturally concieved newborns were enrolled. The study was prospective from April 2016 to October 2017. All newborns were examined by neonatologist after birth and their outcome were followed up to one year. The outcomes were compared with neonates from fertile couple using appropriate statistical tests.Results: The preterm neonates (60% vs. 38%) were higher in ART cases (P<0.001). The mean gravid and parity were lower in ART group (P<0.001) and the nulliparity was higher in them. Multiple pregnancies were higher in ART cases (45% vs. 10%; P<0. 001). C/S rate was higher (91% vs 67%) in ART cases (P<0.001). Pre-eclampsia rate was higher in ART cases (16 % vs. 6%; P=0.004). Female sex was higher in ART group (P=0.035). Birth weight was significantly lower in ART group (P=0.002) and the Apgar was also lower (P=0.002; P=0.012). IUGR was significantly higher (17% vs. 7%) in ART group (P=0.006). NEC and RDS were more common in ART group (P<0.001). Hospital stay was longer in ART group (P<0.001). Re-admission, and weight less than 5th percentile were more common after one year in ART group (P=0.021).Conclusion: According to the obtained results, pregnancy after ART has more side effects before and after birth and also in infancy; not only because of multigestation but also due to manipulations in ART.
CT features and clinical manifestations of ordinary pneumonia with COVID-19 infection: A multi-center study
Authors: Yi Kun-ming , Yu Liu , Tong Hai-peng , Tian Yun , Li Xiao-hui , Li Ran , Fang Jing-qin
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Investigate clinical and CT manifestations of ordinary coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia.Materials and methods: Patients with ordinary COVID-19 pneumonia (confirmed by RT-PCR) and performed initial chest CT were retrospectively enrolled. Fifty-eight patients were assigned to group 1 (<50 years, n=33) and group 2 (50≥years, n=25) on the basis of age. The clinical data, laboratory results, and imaging findings were evaluated. Imaging features were analyzed and compared across the two groups.Results: On chest CT imaging, 44 (75.9%) patients showed bilateral lung involvement, 14(24.1%) showed unilateral lung involvement, with predominant peripheral distribution (26/58, 44.8%) and mixed distribution (30/58, 51.7%). 445(445/634, 70.2%) lesions occurred in the lung periphery, 189 (29.8%) in the center. There were more lobes involved in group 2(median 4, IQR 3-5) than group 1(median 3, IQR 1.5-4) (P=0.024). Ground glass opacity (GGO) (451/634, 71.1%) and consolidation (157/634, 24.8%) were the main CT findings. Lesions with a maximum diameter greater than 5cm were more common in group 2 (19/25, 76%) than group 1 (12/33, 36.4%) (P=0.003). The CT score of bilateral lungs, right lung, left lung and each lobe in group 2 was significantly higher than those of group 1 (all P < 0.05), except for the middle lobe of the right lung (P=0.979). Conclusions: Ordinary COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT generally manifested as multiple GGO and consolidation in the bilateral lung, with predominant peripheral or mixed distribution. Older age might be a risk factor for progression in ordinary COVID-19 pneumonia.
Investigation into public anxiety symptoms and preventive measures during the COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan
Authors: Wong Li Ping , Hung Chia-Chun , Alias Haridah , Lee Tony Szu-Hsien
Published: April 2020

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate anxiety symptoms and preventive measures being taken against COVID-19. The study also aimed to compare the association between preventive measures and anxiety symptoms during the week immediately preceding the study and those symptoms and measures at the beginning of the outbreak. Methods: A cross-sectional population survey using an online questionnaire commenced on 14 February 2020. The study participants were residents of Taiwan and were aged between 20 and 70 years. The 6-item state version of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) was used to assess anxiety symptoms. The questions about preventive measures asked participants about their personal protection, cough etiquette, contact precautions, voluntary quarantine, and prompt reporting.Results: Of a total of 3,555 completed responses, a total of 52.1% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 50.4–53.7) of the respondents reported having moderate to severe levels of anxiety symptoms in the past week, whereas 48.8% (95%CI 47.2–50.5) reported that they had had moderate to severe levels of anxiety symptoms at the beginning of the outbreak. The median scores for anxiety symptoms in the past week and at the beginning of the outbreak were 46.7 (IQR [Interquartile Range] 36.7-53.3) and 43.3 (IQR 36.7-53.3), respectively. The median scores for the preventive measures taken in the past week and at the beginning of the outbreak were 26.0 (IQR 21.0–30.0) and 24.0 (IQR 19.0–28.0), respectively, out of a maximum score of 36. In the multivariate analysis, having an increased anxiety symptom score from the beginning of the outbreak to the past week (adjusted OR = 7.38, 95%CI 6.28–8.66) was a strongly significant determinant of having an increased preventive measures score in the past week compared with score at the beginning of the outbreak. Conclusions: The study reveals the need to reduce levels of public anxiety and to maintain appropriate levels of infection prevention against COVID-19. The psychological effects and psychobehavioural responses to the outbreak found in this study provide important information about developing and implementing effective preventive and emotional regulation control strategies.
COVID-Predictor: RNA Sequence based Prediction of Coronavirus
Authors: Sarkar Jnanendra Prasad , Saha Indrajit , Seal Arijit , Maity Debasree
Published: April 2020

The problem of virus classification is always a subject of concern for virology or epidemiology over the decades. Moreover, the detection of highly divergent or yet unknown viruses is a major challenge despite of its clinical importance. In this situati on, the outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its susceptibility in different epidemic condition around the world clearly suggest that the virus is mutating to create divergent variants and making the task of virus prediction more challenging. On the other hand, despite of novel coronavirus, two more coronaviruses such as MERS and SARS-CoV-1 are already present. Therefore, the use of machine learning technique is highly required at this moment to predict the coronaviruses by considering their divergent genetic functional characteristics. Thus, we are proposing machine learning based coronavirus prediction technique, called COVID- Predictor, where 1000 of RNA sequences of SARS-CoV-1, MERS, SARS-CoV-2 and other virus are used to train a Na¨ıve Bayes classifier so that it can predict any unknown sequence of these viruses. In order to develop the COVID-Predictor, the feature vector is constructed by the motifs of the sequence generated by k-mer and n-gram techniques. The model has been validated using 10 fold cross validation in comparison with other classification techniques. The results show the superiority of our predictor by achieving average 97% accuracy on unseen validation set. The same pre-trained model has been used to design a web based application where RNA sequences of unknown viruses can be uploaded to predict class of coronavirus. The predictor, code and datasets are available here: http://www.nitttrkol.ac.in/indrajit/projects/COVID-Predictor/
Binding repurposed drugs and aminothiourea derivatives to SARS-CoV-2 enzymes—a docking perspective
Authors: Paneth Agata , Paneth Piotr
Published: April 2020

Binding of over 20 approved drugs proposed for the repurposing for COVID-19 treatment and over 160 aminothioureas derivatives to SARS-CoV-2 enzymes which structures became available very recently have been evaluated using a few docking algorithms. These studies support potential effectiveness of homobarringtonine, chloroquine, rimcazole, and benserazine. From among studied aminothioureas thiadiazoles with pyrrol-derived substituents at the carbon atom, and ortho-hydroxyphenyl at the nitrogen atom are potential lead compounds for future drugs development.
Antiviral potential of phytoligands against chymotrypsin-like protease of COVID‐19 virus using molecular docking studies: An optimistic approach
Authors: Mishra Ratish Chandra , Kumari Rosy , Yadav Shivani , Yadav Jaya Parkash
Published: April 2020

A recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus, COVID‐19, in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China and its ensuing worldwide spread have resulted in lakhs of infections and thousands of deaths. As of now, there are no registered therapies for treating the contagious COVID‐19 infections, henceforth drug repositioning may provide a fast way out. In the present study, a total of thirty-five compounds including commonly used anti-viral drugs were screened against chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) using SwissDock. Interaction between amino acid of targeted protein and ligands was visualized by UCSF Chimera. Docking studies revealed that the phytochemicals such as cordifolin, anisofolin A, apigenin 7-glucoside, luteolin, laballenic acid, quercetin, luteolin-4-glucoside exhibited significant binding energy with the enzyme viz. - 8.77, -8.72, -8.36, -8.35, -8.13, -8.04 and -7.87 Kcal/Mol respectively. Therefore, new lead compounds can be used for drug development against SARS‐CoV‐2 infections.
The negativity contour: a quasi-local measure of entanglement for mixed states
Authors: Kudler-Flam Jonah , Shapourian Hassan , Ryu Shinsei
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we study the entanglement structure of mixed states in quantum many-body systems using the negativity contour, a local measure of entanglement that determines which real-space degrees of freedom in a subregion are contributing to the logarithmic negativity and with what magnitude. We construct an explicit contour function for Gaussian states using the fermionic partial-transpose. We generalize this contour function to generic many-body systems using a natural combination of derivatives of the logarithmic negativity. Though the latter negativity contour function is not strictly positive for all quantum systems, it is simple to compute and produces reasonable and interesting results. In particular, it rigorously satisfies the positivity condition for all holographic states and those obeying the quasi-particle picture. We apply this formalism to quantum field theories with a Fermi surface, contrasting the entanglement structure of Fermi liquids and holographic (hyperscale violating) non-Fermi liquids. The analysis of non-Fermi liquids show anomalous temperature dependence of the negativity depending on the dynamical critical exponent. We further compute the negativity contour following a quantum quench and discuss how this may clarify certain aspects of thermalization.
A bound on thermal relativistic correlators at large spacelike momenta
Authors: Banerjee Souvik , Papadodimas Kyriakos , Raju Suvrat , Samantray Prasant , Shrivastava Pushkal
Published: April 2020

We consider thermal Wightman correlators in a relativistic quantum
field theory in the limit where the spatial momenta of the insertions
become large while their frequencies stay fixed. We show that, in this
limit, the size of these correlators is bounded by
e^{-\beta R}e−βR,
where RR
is the radius of the smallest sphere that contains the polygon formed by
the momenta. We show that perturbative quantum field theories can
saturate this bound through suitably high-order loop diagrams. We also
consider holographic theories in dd-spacetime
dimensions, where we show that the leading two-point function of
generalized free-fields saturates the bound in
d = 2d=2
and is below the bound for
d > 2d>2.
We briefly discuss interactions in holographic theories and conclude
with a discussion of several open problems.
Influence of bisphenol A on spermatological parameters of New Zealand White Rabbits
Authors: KARABULUT HAYRULLAH , GULAY MEHMET SUKRU
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to investigate the possible reproductive toxicity dose of bisphenol A (BPA) in male New Zealand white rabbits. Prior to the experiment, male rabbits (n = 24) were acclimatized to laboratory conditions and trained for semen collection for 14 days. After the training period, rabbits were divided into 4 groups of 6: positive controls and 3 different doses of BPA (10, 20 and 100 mg/kg/day). All treatments were administered by oral gavages for 9 weeks following the training period. At the end of the study, BPA negatively affected the serum testosterone, testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Sperm concentrations and percent progressive motility were significantly declined in BPA treated rabbits. LOAEL value of BPA for reproductive parameters was 10 mg/kg/day.
Doppler sonography of the corpus luteum during the oestrus cycle in dairy cows
Authors: MARINO GABRIELE , CIARELLO FLAVIA PRUITI , SPISA MICHELANGELO LA , MACRÌ FRANCESCO , SFACTERIA ALESSANDRA , ZANGHÌ ANTONINA
Published: April 2020

Doppler ultrasound has recently emerged as one of the main innovations in cattle practice and has mainly found application in the evaluation of luteal blood perfusion (LBF). LBF has been evaluated during different phases of the oestrous cycle, but the technique is poorly standardized. The aim of the study was to evaluate visual and quantitative changes of size of corpus luteum (CL) and LBF in dairy cattle during an oestrous cycle at 2 follicular waves using colour flow mode (CFM) and power flow mode (PFM) doppler ultrasound. Ten Friesian cows were selected and synchronized. The CL was evaluated at 3/4-day intervals until the next oestrus onset. After identifying the spiral luteal artery entry at the base of the CL, multiple scans of the vertical plane at the maximum diameter of the CL from the apex to the base were recorded in B-mode, CFM and PFM for each cow and session. An Esaote Mylab vet 30 gold was employed with the following setting: pulse repetition frequency 2.1 (CFM) or 2.8 (PFM), gain 70%. The real area of CL (RACL) was calculated subtracting the area of the eventual inner cavity. The LBF was quantified off-line by means of a visual score and of an image analysis system (Digimizer 4.1). Student and Anova tests were used for statistical analysis. Data were presented as means and standard deviations. There were significant individual variations for the RACL and LBF when calculated in CFM. PFM minimized these variations, although, at day 15-16, it was also affected by individual factors (p < 0.01). The combined study of RACL and LBF during a 2-wave oestrous cycle distinguished 3 phases: a phase of CL formation (3-4 days) with LBF of 0.3 ± 0.3 cm2 on a RACL of 3.1 ± 0.9 cm2, a central phase (7-16 days) with LBF of 0.7 ± 0.4 cm2 on a RACL of 4.8 ± 0.8 cm2 and a regression phase (19-20 days) with a minimum LBF of 0.1 ± 0.1 cm2 in a CL of 3.3 ± 0.6 cm2. According to this study, there is no significant difference of LBF from 7 to 16 days of the oestrus cycle; although the RACL significantly changes in this period, the dimensional variations are too thin to be clinically appreciated. However, this study contributed to defining the values of RACL and LBF during a 2-wave oestrous cycle of dairy cattle.
Activated persulfate by iron-based materials used for refractory organics degradation: a review
Authors: Gao Yanjiao , Champagne Pascale , Blair David , He Ouwen , Song Tiehong
Published: April 2020

Recently, the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on sulfate radicals (SRs) for organics degradation have become the focus of water treatment research as the oxidation ability of SRs are higher than that of hydroxyl radicals (HRs). Since the AOP-SRs can effectively mineralize organics into carbon dioxide and water under the optimized operating conditions, they are used in the degradation of refractory organics such as dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and industrial additives. SRs can be produced by activating persulfate (PS) with ultraviolet, heat, ultrasound, microwave, transition metals, and carbon. The activation of PS in iron-based transition metals is widely studied because iron is an environmentally friendly and inexpensive material. This article reviews the mechanism and application of several iron-based materials, including ferrous iron (Fe2+), ferric iron (Fe3+), zero-valent iron (Fe0), nano-sized zero-valent iron (nFe0), materials-supported nFe0, and iron-containing compounds for PS activation to degrade refractory organics. In addition, the current challenges and perspectives of the practical application of PS activated by iron-based systems in wastewater treatment are analyzed and prospected.
Población, empleo y migración intermunicipal en Baja California 1980-1988
Authors: Barajas Tinoco Margarita
Published: April 2020

El presente ensayo describe la expansión de la estructura ocupacional y la dinámica del empleo en Baja California en los momentos 1980 y 1988 a la luz del contexto de la aguda crisis económica sufrida en la década de los ochenta.Los flujos migratorios ocurridos en Baja California durante el periodo de estudio se caracterizan en cuanto a magnitud, ocupación, edad y sexo; destacando, además, el nivel urbano y ocupacional de los puntos de destino. El ensayo concluye con un breve apartado de consideraciones finales.
El imaginario sobre la migración internacional: El deseo de trabajar en Estados Unidos en jefes de hogar del sexo masculino en la zona metropolitana de Monterrey. Una aproximación indirecta
Authors: Zúñiga Víctor
Published: April 2020

El presente trabajo describe y analiza respuestas de jefes de hogar (y/o de sus cónyuges) de la zona metropolitana de Monterrey en tomo a la pregunta: ¿le gustaría trabajar en Estados Unidos? Se intenta, de esta manera, contribuir al estudio de la imagen que tenemos los mexicanos sobre Estados Unidos y desmentir algunas percepciones estadounidenses en tomo a la migración internacional de México a la Unión Americana.
Consideraciones generales sobre población, desarrollo y medio ambiente, el caso de Tijuana, Baja California
Authors: Barajas Tinoco Margarita , Méndez Mungaray Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

A partir de las relaciones que se pueden encontrar entre la sociedad y el medio ambiente natural, en este trabajo se destacan los elementos que dentro de la planeación general se orientan a la población y el desarrollo. El concepto de "calidad de vida", en sentido amplio, es tomado como indicador de desarrollo para problematizar contradicciones manifiestas entre un crecimiento urbano particular y su déficit de infraestructura social y problemas de medio ambiente. Como estudio de caso ilustrativo se toma a la ciudad de Tijuana, espacio territorial que enfrenta una problemática urbana, manifiesta entre otros escenarios, en su medio ambiente natural y social.
Bloody Nipple Discharge in an Infant
Authors: Ali Nabiha , Ali Syed Rehan , Ahmed Shakeel
Published: April 2020

:

Bloody nipple discharge (BND) is an uncommon finding in infants and is a cause of anxiety for
the parents since it can be associated with breast carcinoma in adults. Mammary duct ectasia is
the most common cause. This report describes a 9-month old boy who presented with unilateral
BND. Diagnosis of benign duct ectasia was made on ultrasound. The patient was followed and
the condition resolved spontaneously over the next two months.
Progress of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Tissue Repair
Authors: Zhao Guifang , Ge Yiwen , Zhang Chenyingnan , Zhang Leyi , Xu Junjie , Qi Ling , Li Wenliang
Published: April 2020

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of adult stem cells with self-replication and multidirectional differentiation, which can differentiate into tissue-specific cells under physiological conditions, maintaining tissue self-renewal and physiological functions. They play a role in the pathological condition by lateral differentiation into tissue-specific cells, replacing damaged tissue cells by playing the role of a regenerative medicine , or repairing damaged tissues through angiogenesis, thereby, regulating immune responses, inflammatory responses, and inhibiting apoptosis. It has become an important seed cell for tissue repair and organ reconstruction, and cell therapy based on MSCs has been widely used clinically. The study found that the probability of stem cells migrating to the damaged area after transplantation or differentiating into damaged cells is very low, so the researchers believe the leading role of stem cell transplantation for tissue repair is paracrine secretion, secreting growth factors, cytokines or other components. Exosomes are biologically active small vesicles secreted by MSCs. Recent studies have shown that they can transfer functional proteins, RNA, microRNAs, and lncRNAs between cells, and greatly reduce the immune response. Under the premise of promoting proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis, they play a repair role in tissue damage, which is caused by a variety of diseases. In this paper, the biological characteristics of exosomes (MSCs-exosomes) derived from mesenchymal stem cells, intercellular transport mechanisms, and their research progress in the field of stem cell therapy are reviewed.
Anticoagulation in Deep Venous Thrombosis: Current Trends in the Era of Non- Vitamin K Antagonists Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Papakonstantinou Panteleimon E. , Tsioufis Costas , Konstantinidis Dimitris , Iliakis Panagiotis , Leontsinis Ioannis , Tousoulis Dimitrios
Published: April 2020

:

Anticoagulation therapy is the cornerstone of treatment in acute vein thrombosis (DVT) and it aims to
reduce symptoms, thrombus extension, DVT recurrences, and mortality. The treatment for DVT depends on its
anatomical extent, among other factors. Anticoagulation therapy for proximal DVT is clearly recommended (at
least for 3 months), while AT for isolated distal DVT should be considered, especially in the presence of high
thromboembolic risk factors. The optimal anticoagulant and duration of therapy are determined by the clinical
assessment, taking into account the thromboembolic and bleeding risk in each patient in a case-by-case decision
making. Non-Vitamin K antagonists oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were a revolution in the anticoagulation management
of DVT. Nowadays, NOACs are considered as first-line therapy in the anticoagulation therapy for DVT
and are recommended as the preferred anticoagulant agents by most scientific societies. NOACs offer a simple
route of administration (oral agents), a rapid onset-offset of their action along with a good efficacy and safety
profile in comparison with Vitamin K Antagonists (VKAs). However, there are issues about their efficacy and
safety profile in specific populations with high thromboembolic and bleeding risks, such as renal failure patients,
active-cancer patients, and pregnant women, in which VKAs and heparins were the standard care of treatment.
Since the available data are promising for the use of NOACs in end-stage chronic kidney disease and cancer
patients, several ongoing randomized trials are currently trying to solve that issues and give evidence about the
safety and efficacy of NOACs in these populations.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies and Antibacterial Activities of Novel Monocationic Indole-benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Ates-Alagoz Zeynep , Kisla Mehmet Murat , Goker Hakan , Yildiz Sulhiye
Published: April 2020

Background:

Finding efficient therapy against hospital-acquired MRSA infections has become
rather important in the last decade. To this end, inhibition of the enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK) is being
investigated for antibacterial activity, since this enzyme controls energy generation and metabolic flux
distribution. Our main scaffold consists of benzimidazole and indole rings fused together. Both rings are famous
for antibacterial properties and promising anti-MRSA compounds include indole ring.

Methods:

Several 1-substituted-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-substituted-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamidine
analogues were developed, synthesized and their antibacterial activities were evaluated
against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) (ATCC 43300), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228) by using tube dilution
method. Molecular docking analysis with a characteristic protein called MRSA- Pyruvate Kinase
has been conducted for the assessment of the activities of our compounds against Methicillinresistant
S. aureus (MRSA).

Results:

Among all the tested compounds, the most potent compound 36 had MIC values as 3.12,
3.12 and 6.25 μg/mL against S. aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and S. epidermidis,
respectively. This compound had much better docking energy value than standard ampicillin
and also created the link between two residues in different monomers of PK.

Discussion:

This approach of using indol-amidine conjugate systems as anti-MRSA agents may
include MRSA-PK as potential target. To further increase the affinity, some other H-bonding parts
may be added. By doing so, another bridge with Ile361 residues on both sides can be created. Our
compounds tend to violate log P limit of Lipinski, therefore some optimizations with formulation
can be made.

Conclusion:

This study mainly includes the design, synthesis and optimization of indolebenzimidazole-
amidine derivatives. Docking studies confirmed our results, since our most potent
hit compound 36 created the necessary interactions between two chains of MRSA-PK. Further optimization
can be considered to increase drug ability.
Analysis of Russians’ Views on Personal Qualities as a Basis for Prosocial Safe Behavior Factors’ Identification
Authors: Kislyakov Pavel A. , Shmeleva Elena A.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Currently, the research on social psychology, security psychology, professional psychology and environmental psychology indicates that prosocial behavior is a predictor or factor for ensuring security (for individuals, groups, societies, and the environment). This indicates the need to justify the category of safe prosocial behavior of individuals.

Aim:

This research focused on the identification of any psychological factor of safe prosocial behavior of an individual based on Russians’ views on personal qualities in advancing national interests and socio-cultural transformations.

Methods:

The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the theory of social norms of pro-social behavior. To examine the Russians’ ideas of the safe prosocial behavior, we conducted empirical research, which involved 583 people. In the first stage, we formed a list of possible qualities and motives (descriptors) of the safe prosocial human behavior with the use of focus groups. In the second stage, we used a special questionnaire in order to construct a subjective semantic space of the personal safe prosocial behavior based on the semantic differential method.

Results:

Results of the factor analysis to identify factors affecting safe prosocial behavior in modern society allowed determining seven factors.

Conclusion:

The obtained data provide an understanding that the safe prosocial human behavior appears to be mainly motivated by institutional and moral norms and is characterized by resources that ensure the psychological stability and well-being of an individual. Norms of collective behavior, religious norms and norms of following national traditions seemed to be dominant in affecting the behavior of individuals.
Структура течения и колебания давления при взаимодействии сверхзвуковой недорасширенной струи газа с трубной полостью
Authors: Волков К.Н. , Емельянов В.Н. , Ефремов А.В. , Цветков А.И.
Published: April 2020

Supersonic jets are widely used in devices based on the phenomenon of a self-oscillating process that occurs when a gas flow interacts with circular cavities (gas-jet sound emitters). The mechanisms of maintaining undamped pressure oscillations and determining the flow field in the tube cavity during the interaction of a supersonic underexpanded jet with cavity are considered. The physical pattern of the flow in the cavity of a gas-jet emitter is discussed, the existence of odd longitudinal modes is shown, and wave diagrams are proposed for describing the flow in odd longitudinal modes. The wave diagrams are based on the analysis of the signals of piezoelectric sensors, recording pressure oscillations in the tube cavity. The calculation of the flow parameters in the tube cavity in longitudinal modes is based on the flow velocity and speed of sound diagram.
Динамика спектров квантово-каскадных лазеров, генерирующих частотные гребенки в длинноволновом инфракрасном диапазоне
Authors: Дюделев В.В. , Михайлов Д.А. , Бабичев А.В. , Лосев С.Н. , Когновицкая Е.А. , Лютецкий А.В. , Слипченко С.О. , Пихтин Н.А. , Гладышев А.Г. , Денисов Д.В. , Новиков И.И. , Карачинский Л.Я. , Кучинский В.И. , Егоров А.Ю. , Соколовский Г.С.
Published: April 2020

The studies of the spectral and dynamic characteristics of quantum-cascade lasers emitting in the long-wave infrared range are presented. It has been shown that lasers with a short resonator (~ 1 mm) generating frequency combs in a very wide spectral range. The dynamics of the the frequency comb generation mode was studied. It is shown that the intensity of the longitudinal modes of laser generation changes during the pump pulse. At the same time, simultaneous generation of all longitudinal modes of the frequency comb during flat part of the pumping pulse is observed.
The Role of the Outstanding Professor Leopold Kasper in the Development of European Clinical Urology of the Second Half of the XIX and Early XX Centuries (to the 160th anniversary of his birth)
Authors: Morgoshiia T. Sh.
Published: April 2020

The development and scientific priorities of European urology of the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries are analyzed. The main dates of life and scientific and practical activity of Prof. Leopold Kasper are presented. The scientific views and thoughts of the scientist are noted. He specialized in urology under the leadership of G. Thompson, P. Freyer, F. Guyon, I. Albarran and L. Dittel after graduating from the University of Berlin in 1883. L. Kasper was the founder of a large German urological school. In addition, he is the author of many works, among which research on cystoscopy, endoscopic operations, functional diagnosis of kidneys diseases, treatment of renal tuberculosis and kidney stone disease, prostate diseases, transurethral galvanocaustics of bladder tumors, etc. are particularly distinguished. He constructed a special catheterization cystoscope (1895) through which for the first time it became possible to study the functional ability of each kidney individually, which greatly facilitated the recognition and treatment of surgical diseases of the kidneys and upper urinary tract. He improved and put into practice a functional renal test with floridzine and cryoscopic urine examination obtained from each kidney separately by catheterization of the ureters. It is noted that L. Kasper was one of the founders of the Society of German urologists, whose founding meeting was held in 1907 in Vienna. In the same year, L. Kasper, together with other prominent surgeons and urologists, founded the journal «Zeitschrift für Urologie», of which he was editor for decades. L. Kasper was an honorary member of nineteen scientific societies, including the Society of Moscow urologists, of which he was elected an honorary member in 1924.
Laparoscopic Pediatric Pyeloplasty: Trends in Regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Bondarenko S. G. , Kagantsov I. M. , Sizonov V. V. , Akramov N. R. , Pirogov A. V. , Sablin D. E. , Surov R. V. , Baranov Yu. V.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The use of minimally invasive surgery of urteropelvic junction obstruction was started in the in the mid-90s of the last century. Replacement rates of open surgery and methods of the minimally invasive surgery are different in various countries. We analyzed the spread of minimally invasive technologies in some regions of the Russian Federation.

Purpose of the study. To study the dynamics of replacement of open pyeloplasty with laparoscopic pyeloplasty in certain regions of the Russian Federation

Material and methods. Available data included the annual number of laparoscopic and open pyeloplasties, patient age, complications, and medium-term results. Our analysis screened 1581 pyeloplasties, which were performed during 2004‒2018 in eight regions of the Russian Federation. The patients were separated into two groups according to age. There were 566 infants and 1015 older children. A total 908 (57.4%) laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) and 673 (42,6%) open pyeloplasty (OP) were performed. Of those patients who underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty, 274 (48.4%) were infants, while 624 (61.5%) were older children. The rates of LP and OP use were then assessed according to year of surgery. A binary logistic regression model was used to evaluate the statistical significance of the rate of LP use over time, to predict postoperative complications and to compare the effectiveness of LP in comparison with OP.

Results. The use of LP increased remarkably during the study period. In regions with 5 years of LP experience, LP utilization rate was significantly higher. The rate of LP in infants has been associated with increasing experience in the LP. A total, 70% of older children and 59% of infants were operated with LP in 8 regions in 2018.

Conclusion. In some regions of the Russian Federation, the rate of LP is markedly increased and almost replaces open surgery. In regions where LP has been introduced over the past 5 years, the replacement rate is higher than in regions where LP was introduced before.
Pyelonephritis of Pregnant Women: Clinical Case
Authors: Shkodkin S. V. , Idashkin Yu. B.
Published: April 2020

Pyelonephritis during pregnancy is a threat to the fetus and the pregnant woman. There are no studies showing the benefits of drainage management for pregnant women with pyelonephritis. Despite this, the drainage of the upper urinary tract is a tradition of a fairly large number of clinics. Guidelines for the duration of drainage in this category of patients are also not defined. Frequently, drainage is removed after delivery. And this is the «standard» in clinical practice. The negative side of this approach is persistent drainage infection, obstruction, and the need for frequent drainage changes. The article presents the clinical observations of patients with early removal of urinary drainage, which made it possible to stop bacteriuria and inflammatory changes in the urine.
Male Fertility: Review of the Publications of October – December 2019
Authors: Rogozin D. S.
Published: April 2020

The article provides an overview of the most influential papers on the topic of «male infertility». The main selection criteria were the practical significance of the article and the impact factor of the journal in which it was published, according to SCImago Journal Rank (SJR). As a result, we created the list of 10 papers published in the IV quarter (October − December) of 2019. The review included articles on the following issues: the effectiveness and prognostic factors of the effectiveness of microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE), the significance of sperm DNA fragmentation and «advanced paternal age» in the effectiveness of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) procedures, the role of latent chlamydial infection in azoospermia, management of adolescents with Kleinfelter syndrome, the effectiveness and safety of aromatase inhibitors in treatment of male infertility, sperm microbiome, the association between ART procedures and the cancer risk in children, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) treatment of male idiopathic infertility.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a 7-year-old girl
Authors: Sizonov V. V. , Kogan M. I. , Babich I. I. , Shidaev A. KH-A. , Shaldenko O. A.
Published: April 2020

The paper presents a case history of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis that developed in a 7-year-old girl in combination with urolithiasis background. Our available sources for the last 50 years contain only 283 descriptions of pediatric xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) cases. We were able to find in domestic publications descriptions of two clinical observations of histologically proven XGP in children of 15 and 17 years. Clinical manifestations of the disease, radiological imaging data, and laboratory findings during the initial three months of the condition fit the disease pattern of a diffuse acute pyelonephritis. A remarkable peculiarity of the presented case was in the two-month interval during which the girl with a severe destructive renal process remained under medical supervision as an outpatient, suffered no pain, and had normal urinalysis results. Nephrectomy was performed from lumbotomy access considering clinical manifestations, data from laboratory and radiological isotope studies. The postoperative period was complicated by the development on the 2nd day of acute perforation of a duodenal ulcer. The intensity of perinephric process was unique and never encountered in our earlier practice. The described changes made kidney exposure extremely difficult. Therefore, nephrectomy should be carried out exclusively in the national highly specialized pediatric urological centers.
Global Secular Trend of Gonadal Size in Men: Review and Analysis of Publications
Authors: Seroukhov A. Yu. , Afoko A. A. , Mamaev I. E.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Notwithstanding the general increase in world population, there is a steady decline in birth rate. Studies have shown a tendency towards worsening of qualitative and quantitative indices of the ejaculate. From the foregoing we may also presume a decline in size of male gonads. Nevertheless, information about the tendency of change in testicular size in the population is currently unavailable.

Purpose of the study. Assessment of global secular trend as regards changes in the size of testes in men.

Materials and methods. A search was conducted on published scientific research in the English language and Russian language in Pubmed and eLibrary. Additional searches in citations of identifiable investigations. A selection of data from publications with metric characteristics of gonads in relatively healthy men aged 18‒60 years. The mean of values obtained were determined and homogenized with the aid of formulae for volume calculations. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out with the aid of the program STATISTICA for Windows v.10.

Results. The search yielded 126 identified publications, published between 1902 and 2018. Analysis of the various works led to a selection of 33, which contained information that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Analysis of the obtained data did not reveal any trends in change of testicular size over the past century. Mean arithmetic weighted value was 17,43±5,64; 95% CI (17,32; 17,54).

Conclusion. In the light of global trends towards a reduction in fertility, it is necessary to conduct a wide range of varied investigations in order to understand the nature of this process. Standardization of methods of assessment results obtained will help in reducing errors whilst assisting in the analysis of existing tendencies.