bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOME ISSUES ON STATICS OF GEOMETRICALLY AND PHYSICALLY NONLINEAR CONTINUOUS MEDIUM
Authors:   The Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Bakushev S.V.
Published: September 2022

We consider the generalized plane deformation of physically and geometrically nonlinear continuous medium. The mathematical model of medium is described by physically nonlinear relations in the form of arbitrary cross dependences between the first invariants of tensors and the second invariants of stress and strain deviators, taking into account geometrical nonlinearity (according to V.V. Novozhilov). The system of resolving partial differential equations of equilibrium, done in displacements, is quasilinear. This type is being investigated. Despite the fact that the type of the system of quasilinear partial differential equations in a certain part of space can be determined only for a specific solution, it is stated that in the general case the system of differential equations of equilibrium of generalized plane deformation is a system of mixed type. The type of the system of partial differential equations in a given area of space is completely determined by the values of its coefficients, and therefore depends both on the value of physical constants of continuous medium material and also on the value of derivatives of displacements in spatial coordinates.
La dirección y el trabajo en equipo como impulsores del aprendizaje organizativo
Authors: Benavides Espinosa María del Mar , Escribá Moreno María Ángeles
Published: September 2022

El presente trabajo pretende poner de relieve la importancia de los mandos medios y del liderazgo como estilo de dirección más apropiado, así como el papel de la alta dirección en una de las respuestas empresariales capaz de generar ventaja competitiva en las organizaciones; el aprendizaje organizativo. Resaltando que la organización es capaz de aprender basándose en el desarrollo de competencias donde el trabajo en equipo y las relaciones organizativas son una pieza clave para la transferencia de conocimiento. Tenemos el convencimiento de que las organizaciones deben cambiar por si mismas y aprender a innovar si quieren subsistir en las realidades dinámicas. La alta dirección y el nuevo papel de los mandos medios serán los impulsores de este proceso de cambio. Los objetivos del presente trabajo se centran en dos aspectos: (a) el papel de altos directivos y mandos medios en las empresa que organiza el trabajo en equipos, y (b) el impacto de estos equipos en el aprendizaje organizativo. Para cubrir estos dos objetivos hemos realizado una revisión de la literatura, a la vez que sean incluido parte de los resultados obtenidos en un estudio que actualmente estamos realizando en base a 30 entrevistas personales a empresas de la Comunidad Valenciana que organizan el trabajo en equipos.
La utilización de nuevas técnicas de desarrollo de nuevos productos en las empresas españolas
Authors: Bañegil Palacios Tomás M. , Miranda González Francisco Javier
Published: September 2022

La actual tendencia del mercado implica una reducción en los ciclos de vida de los productos. La ventana al mercado para el lanzamiento de nuevos productos se está estrechando a medida que los avances tecnológicos provocan la obsolescencia de los productos existentes. Este entorno turbulento requiere nuevas técnicas y procedimientos para lanzar con éxito nuevos productos al mercado. En este estudio exploratorio analizamos las causas de las bajas tasas de utilización de algunas técnicas de desarrollo. Nuestros resultados, derivados de un estudio empírico realizado a 54 empresas españolas, sugieren que el desconocimiento de dichas técnicas puede ser la causa de su baja utilización. Finalmente, se comentan las implicaciones del estudio para la gestión empresarial.
Características del consumidor según el grado de planificación en la compra de crema facial
Authors: Medina Orta Oscar
Published: September 2022

El comportamiento de compra dentro del establecimiento es uno de los aspectos que ha suscitado un gran interés en la literatura de marketing, en tanto que se reconoce que una gran parte de las decisiones de compra adoptadas por el comprador se efectúan en el propio punto de venta. En este trabajo se delimita conceptualmente el comportamiento de compra dentro del establecimiento, y a partir de un análisis de las características de la compradora de crema facial se perfila una tipología de compradoras según el grado de planificación en la compra. De los análisis efectuados se concluye que la variable que más incide en este tipo de comportamiento es la forma comercial elegida por la compradora.
Fundamentos de la dirección estratégica de Recursos Humanos: evolución del pensamiento en estrategia
Authors: Sanz Valle Raquel , Sabater Sánchez Ramón
Published: September 2022

La dirección estratégica de recursos humanos se puede entender como la última etapa de un proceso de transformación experimentado por la gestión de personal en las últimas décadas, caracterizado por su progresivo acercamiento a la estrategia de la empresa. En nuestra opinión este proceso es consecuencia, principalmente, de los cambios que se han ido produciendo en el campo de la estrategia y que han ido demandando la incorporación progresiva del elemento humano en el proceso estratégico. En este trabajo se analizan los tres con mayor relevancia para que la gestión de personal haya alcanzado el estatus de estratégica.
Estudio empírico sobre la cooperación empresarial en España
Authors: García-Ochoa y Mayor Mónica
Published: September 2022

La mundialización de la economía y la dificultad por parte de las empresas de llegar a ser plenamente competitivas en todas las etapas de sus sistemas de negocio y en mercados distintos del propio, ha provocado que la cooperación entre empresas se haya vuelto una necesidad. El objetivo del presente artículo, es mostrar las principales características de los acuerdos de cooperación suscritos por las empresas españolas en los últimos años, a la luz de las conclusiones que se desprenden tras realizar un estudio empírico sobre la situación y características de la cooperación empresarial en España.
El efecto de la influencia ejercida por los socios sobre su nivel de desempeño: el caso de las empresas conjuntas
Authors: López Navarro Miguel Ángel , Camisón Zornoza César
Published: September 2022

En el marco de una empresa conjunta, el objetivo de la nueva organización creada reside en maximizar el desempeño conjunto de los socios. No obstante, diversos trabajos han constatado que los resultados obtenidos por estos pueden diferir de manera substancial. El objetivo del presente estudio reside en delimitar la incidencia que las diferencias de poder entre los socios, que se traducen en una mayor o menor influencia en aquellas decisiones relativas a la actividad objeto de cooperación, ejercen sobre sus diferencias de desempeño. Asimismo, se evalúa la incidencia que determinadas características inherentes al propio acuerdo, como son el grado de autonomía con que opera la dirección de la empresa conjunta, la interdependencia de resultados entre los socios o la edad de la empresa conjunta, ejercen sobre la relación entre influencia y desempeño.
Influencias externas en la selección del proceso productivo. El caso de la utilización de energía eólica
Authors: García Cebrián Lucía Isabel
Published: September 2022

Los factores que influyen en la decisión sobre el proceso productivo presentados en Schroeder (1992) y en Domínguez Machuca y otros (1995) se pueden agrupar en dos grandes categorías: condiciones del mercado y disponibilidad de los recursos. Sin embargo, parece conveniente añadir las cuestiones legales, sociales y medioambientales como un tercer grupo de factores que también influyen en la selección del proceso productivo. El objetivo de este trabajo es doble: por una parte se pretende establecer por qué se da la intervención de las autoridades en la selección del proceso productivo y, por otra, si los mecanismos utilizados por las autoridades consiguen su propósito. Para ello se va a tomar como caso de estudio el uso de subvenciones para incentivar la utilización de energía eólica en España.
The ProtekDuo Dual Lumen Cannula as Temporary Acute Mechanical Support for Right Heart Failure: A Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors:   INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, Nazih Zuhdi Transplant Institute, Brewer Joseph , Capoccia Massimo , Maybauer Dirk , Lorusso Roberto , Swol Justyna , Maybauer Marc
Published: September 2022

Review question / Objective: Participants: Adult patients with right ventricular failure; Intervention: Right ventricular assist device with ProtekDuo cannula; Comparison: Control group of medical management or another type of RVAD (if available); Outcomes: Effectiveness of treatment in terms of survival and complications; Study design: Randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective cohort studies, case series with >/=5 patientsProspective and retrospective cohort studies, case series of >/= 5 patients. Condition being studied: Right ventricular failure. Information sources: Databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus.
First record of Hypophyes hyalinus (Zherichin, 1972) (Coleoptera, Brentidae) from Altaiskii Krai, Western Siberia
Authors: Legalov Andrei A. , Reshetnikov Sergei V.
Published: September 2022

The first record of Hypophyes hyalinus (Zherichin, 1972) (Brentidae: Nanophyinae: Corimaliini) from Altaiskii Krai is given. It is the most north-eastern find of this species in Siberia. The distribution map, illustrations and redescription of Hypophyes hyalinus are presented.
Interrupted aortic arch – case report
Authors:   “Gr. T. Popa” The University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Adumitrachioaiei Heidrun ,   Department of Pediatric Cardiology, “Sf. Mary” Children’s Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Luca Alina-Costina ,   “Gr. T. Popa” The University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania,   Department of Pediatric Cardiology, “Sf. Mary” Children’s Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania
Published: September 2022

Interrupted aortic arch is a rare ductal-dependent congenital heart malformation, accounting for 1.5% of all MCC, 2 in 100,000 cases of live newborns are diagnosed with IAA. We present the case of a 3-month-old infant who came to our clinic on the recommendation of the family doctor. On clinical examination, he presented an affected general state, peri oronasal cyanosis during moments of agitation, grade III/6 systolic murmur present throughout the precordial area, heart rate = 160 beats/min, respiratory rate = 45 breaths/min, SaO2 = 86 – 91% in atmospheric air, liver 4 cm below the costal rim. Echocardiography revealed a complete ductal-dependent congenital heart malformation, interrupted aortic arch, persistence of ductus arteriosus, wide muscular ventricular septal defect, hypoplasia of the ascending aorta. The angioCT examination confirmed the diagnoses from the echocardiography. During the genetic examination, the suspicion of DiGeorge syndrome was raised, which is why MLPA for microdeletions was required. The first therapeutic act performed was represented by maintaining the patency of the arterial channel. The patient was transferred to a clinic in Italy for the surgical intervention.
The mammals of Kumul Lodge, Enga Province, Papua New Guinea, with notes on Calaby’s Pademelon Thylogale calabyi
Authors: Hobcroft Dion
Published: September 2022

Over a period of 14 years (2006–2019) 15 visits were made to Kumul Lodge in Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. Forty hours of nocturnal searching spanning 31 observation-nights with occasional daytime-sightings resulted in 11 species of native mammals being recorded in the lodge grounds. Of most importance were sightings of the rare Calaby’s Pademelon Thylogale calabyi. Observations and photographs of this poorly known and threatened macropod are presented. Three species—the dasyurid Murexia melanurus and rodents Lorentzimys nouhuysi and Rattus steini are reported in Enga Province, for the first time.
About the Location of Ptolemais Thêrôn (Ptolemais of the Hunts) in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: A Short Note
Authors: Schneider Pierre
Published: September 2022

Dans un article publié en 2011, M. Bukharin remet en cause l’interprétation communément admise d’un passage du Périple de la mer Érythrée dans lequel Ptolémaïs des Chasses est localisée par rapport à un lieu nommé τὸ πέρας τῆς ἀνακομιδῆς. La confrontation avec un papyrus du i er  siècle après J.-C., dans lequel il est question de difficultés pour entrer dans le lagon de Bérénice à cause de vents contraires, contient le nom ἀνακομιδή. Ce papyrus invalide l’interprétation de M. Bukharin, conforte l’interprétation habituelle et indique que τὸ πέρας τῆς ἀνακομιδῆς était vraisemblablement une expression en usage chez les professionnels de la mer Érythrée.
Le savoir des personnes victimes
Authors: Casagrande Alice
Published: September 2022

La prise en compte du savoir des personnes victimes est l’une des originalités du travail de la Commission indépendante sur les abus sexuels dans l’Église catholique (Ciase). La conviction s’est fait jour progressivement qu’elles étaient détentrices d’un savoir expérientiel unique, indispensable pour comprendre le fonctionnement du système qui conduit à ces crimes. La confiance qui s’instaure permet de refonder une espérance.
Confiance, loyauté et conflictualité
Authors: Schehr Sébastien
Published: September 2022

Pour qui s’intéresse à la conflictualité, notamment aux guerres et aux conflits armés, la question de la confiance et de la loyauté ne saurait être négligée : toute dynamique conflictuelle implique en effet une mise à l’épreuve de ces sentiments psychosociaux dont le rôle s’avère essentiel, voire parfois déterminant, dans ce type de situation caractérisé par l’incertitude, le danger et l’usage réciproque de la violence. Cependant, si toutes deux constituent bien des ressources précieuses dans un tel contexte puisqu’elles sont susceptibles de modifier le rapport de force qui s’instaure entre belligérants, elles n’en demeurent pas moins des ressources fragiles, tout conflit portant en lui la possibilité de leur délitement ou de leur brusque effondrement. La capacité à susciter et à maintenir ces sentiments représente ainsi un enjeu de taille pour les parties en présence.
Obéir de confiance
Authors: Givre Pierre-Joseph
Published: September 2022

Si la notion d’obéissance va de soi dans les armées, comme une évidence, la confiance, elle, n’est pas une vertu spontanément associée à l’institution militaire. Au contraire, l’efficacité de celle-ci reposerait fondamentalement sur l’autorité imposée par la hiérarchie, du haut vers le bas, selon le principe cardinal de la discipline, comprise comme l’exécution formelle d’ordres donnés par un chef dont l’autorité est indiscutable. Cette approche est non seulement réductrice de la réalité militaire, mais elle est dépassée. L’obéissance est en fait permise par la confiance, et la confiance conditionne la performance individuelle et collective.
« J’ai envie de vous faire confiance »
Authors: Courtin Benoît
Published: September 2022

Alors qu’il avait pris ses fonctions de drh de l’usine de Bosch à Rodez depuis peu, Benoît Courtin a dû faire face à une grève au cours de laquelle il a réussi à faire signer un accord de compétitivité dont la méthode et le contenu servent aujourd’hui d’exemple. Pour cela, il a mis en pratique ce qu’il avait appris lorsqu’il était officier : instaurer la confiance.
Pas de secteur associatif sans confiance !
Authors: Gougenheim Isabelle
Published: September 2022

La confiance entre tous les acteurs du secteur associatif et avec leurs parties prenantes constitue un puissant levier pour des actions reconnues et appréciées de l’État et des collectivités locales, et pour de très nombreux bénéficiaires directs ou indirects. Des propositions récentes appellent à bâtir une véritable politique publique pour le secteur non lucratif afin de soutenir la volonté d’engagement et de générosité des Français au service de l’intérêt général.
Arme de poing, arme intime
Authors: Gautier Johan
Published: September 2022

L’arme de poing appartient à la gamme basse du combattant. Pour autant, elle n’en demeure pas moins une des plus importantes pour son moral : elle est son ultime recours. Elle est aussi la plus intime, car la plus dissimulable. Démultiplicatrice de puissance, cette arme, comme toutes celles de petit calibre, connaît un usage strictement encadré par la puissance publique. Dans ce contexte, le renouvellement rapide du pistolet relève d’un courage politique à souligner.
Cardiometabolic determinants of cardiorespiratory fitness at rest, during exercise and post-exercise periods
Authors: Dimkpa U. , Akammuo I. , Uchefuna C.R. , Umahi-Ottah G. , Oparaji C. , Nwaefulu E.K.
Published: September 2022

We aimed to assess the relationship between cardiorepiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic parameters among young Nigerian adults. 100 young adults (50 males, 50 females) aged 20-30 years, selected from College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria, participated in the study. Subjects’ demographic data and medical information were obtained through the use of structured pre-exercise health and lifestyle screening questionnaire, physical examination and morphometric measurements. Exercise test was carried out using a mechanically braked magnetic ergometer bicycle at an incremental workload of 30 W every 2 min until the subject reached a volitional exhaustion. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at rest, during exercise and at post-exercise periods. Data indicated a significantly (Ρ<0.05) lower resting HR and rate pressure product (RPP), but higher targeted HR reserve, %RPP increase, peak oxygen pulse, cardiac output, exercise duration and work rate compared with the intermediate and unfit groups in both sexes. Age and BMI adjusted correlation test also indicated significant associations between peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and resting HR, resting RPP, targeted HR reserve, oxygen pulse, cardiac output, % RPP increase, actual HR reserve, exercise duration, and work rate. In contrast, resting BP, resting pulse pressure, peak systolic blood pressure (SBP), peak HR, percentage maximum HR, SBP recovery and HR recovery did not correlate with peak VO2. The present findings suggest that a multiple approach involving both metabolic and cardiovascular interventions might be appropriate when implementing strategies to enhance CRF and improve general well-being.
Tibial Tuberosity Fracture Combined With Entrapped Meniscus
Authors: Mahoney J. Ryan , Pendleton Albert
Published: September 2022

Tibial tubercle fractures are rare injuries that occur in adolescents most commonly during athletic activities. Fractures are typically identified by physical examination and radiographs alone; however, this often underestimates the extent of injury. Soft tissue injuries are often associated with tibial tubercle fractures and can be missed by plain radiographs. The authors report on a patient whose meniscus was entrapped in the fracture site during the initial operative reduction and fixation. Magnetic resonance imaging performed 1 year after continued symptoms revealed that a tear of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus was entrapped within the fracture during the initial surgery. This could have been prevented by using arthroscopy or doing an arthrotomy during open reduction to visualize the articular surface and meniscus during initial surgical intervention. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(1):e62–e65.]
Cauda Equina Syndrome Caused by Intradural Bone Graft Materials After Endoscopic Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Yang Fei , Li Qingjie , Liu Ying , Gu Dangwei , Qi Jianhua , Xu Kai , Ming Hong , Fan Xiaohong , Chen Rigao
Published: September 2022

A 53-year-old man presented to the emergency department with severe lower back pain, saddle anesthesia, and urinary dysfunction. He had undergone endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion for highly migrated lumbar disk herniation and lumbar instability 10 days ago. Emergency computed tomography showed that the bone graft materials had migrated to the sacral canal, and a mass with low intensity was seen located at the end of the dural cavity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. It was suspected that the bone graft materials had migrated into the dural cavity at the operative level and fallen into the end of the dural cavity due to gravity, causing acute cauda equina syndrome (CES). After emergency durotomy, the bone graft materials were completely removed. At the 18-month follow-up, the patient recovered without further complications. This procedure resulted in a rare case of CES caused by intradural bone graft after endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion. Spine surgeons should be aware of this rare but potentially dangerous complication, especially in water-based endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion. This case report shows that early recognition and prompt treatment can significantly improve the symptoms of CES, including saddle numbness and bladder dysfunction. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(6):e384–e386.]
Iterator-Net: sinogram-based CT image reconstruction
Authors: Ma Limin , Yao Yudong , Teng Yueyang
Published: September 2022

Image reconstruction is extremely important for computed tomography (CT) imaging, so it is significant to be continuously improved. The unfolding dynamics method combines a deep learning model with a traditional iterative algorithm. It is interpretable and has a fast reconstruction speed, but the essence of the algorithm is to replace the approximation operator in the optimization objective with a learning operator in the form of a convolutional neural network. In this paper, we firstly design a new iterator network (iNet), which is based on the universal approximation theorem and tries to simulate the functional relationship between the former and the latter in the maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of the method, we conduct experiments on a CT dataset, and the results show that our iNet method improves the quality of reconstructed images.
Extinction and stationary distribution of stochastic predator-prey model with group defense behavior
Authors: Pei Yansong , Liu Bing , Qi Haokun
Published: September 2022

Considering that many prey populations in nature have group defense behavior, and the relationship between predator and prey is usually affected by environmental noise, a stochastic predator-prey model with group defense behavior is established in this paper. Some dynamical properties of the model, including the existence and uniqueness of global positive solution, sufficient conditions for extinction and unique ergodic stationary distribution, are investigated by using qualitative theory of stochastic differential equations, Lyapunov function analysis method, Itô formula, etc. Furthermore, the effects of group defense behavior and environmental noise on population stability are also discussed. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate that the effects of environmental noise on both populations are negative, the appropriate group defense level of prey can maintain the stability of the relationship between two populations, and the survival threshold is strongly influenced by the intrinsic growth rate of prey population and the intensity of environmental noise.
Mechanical and acoustical evaluation of bio-based composites made of cork granulates for acoustic ceiling tiles
Authors: Maderuelo-Sanz R. , García-Cobos F.J. , Sánchez-Delgado F.J. , Meneses-Rodríguez J.M. , Mota-López M.I.
Published: September 2022

This work is a study about new acoustic panels made of cork granulates coming from stopper by-products to be used as acoustic ceilings tiles, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional building materials. Cork granulates were bonded with water-based epoxy and acrylic resins. The obtained panels were acoustically and mechanically tested. The results showed values of sound absorption coefficient close to 0.50 and acceptable flexural strength for their use as suspended ceiling tiles. Therefore, these bio-based panels could be used as an alternative product to the traditional materials used for noise control applications inside commercial spaces like closed entertainment areas.
Locally Sourced Seed is a Commonly Used but Widely Defined Practice for Grassland Restoration
Authors: Ahlering Marissa A. , Binggeli Casey
Published: September 2022

With continued losses of grassland, the need for grassland restoration increases, and other contemporary threats, such as climate change, may require new techniques for restorations to be successful and resilient. The conservation community has promoted the use of locally sourced seed for grassland restorations, but it is unclear how widespread the practice has become. Furthermore, rethinking how seed is sourced for grassland restorations is one potential strategy to facilitate climate change adaptation. We surveyed practitioners (anyone conducting grassland restorations) across the United States and Canada in 2017 regarding organizational, state/local government, or individual policies for using locally sourced seed in grassland restorations, how local was defined, and whether climate change was considered in these policies and decisions. We received 494 responses from 40 U.S. states and 5 Canadian provinces. Policies and individual decisions supporting locally sourced seed were common, with only 3.6% of practitioners reporting no consideration of local seed sources in restorations. However, the definition of local varied widely, with relatively large geographic areas, such as ecoregions, considered as a local source. Some practitioners considered climate change, but it was not the greatest concern when making seed sourcing decisions. When they did consider climate change, practitioners' most reported strategy was expanding seed zones used for their seed mix. Although there was a heavy upper Midwest bias in the survey responses, the number and geographic scope of responses provides a snapshot of seed sourcing strategies used by practitioners. Our results suggest that practitioners are concerned about maintaining adaptation given the focus on local seed sources, and outreach could be useful to help practitioners incorporate climate adaptation strategies into seed sourcing practices.
Processing considerations and improved interpretation for ground‐penetrating radar imaging of a relict archaeological excavation unit
Authors: Lanzarone Peter , Bigman Daniel
Published: September 2022

A ground‐penetrating radar survey was carried out at The Great Temple Mound (Mound A), Ocmulgee National Monument, Georgia, USA to determine the location of buried archaeological features. Mound A is the largest pre‐historic mound at the site and its function remains unclear. High quality data and sufficient spatial sampling with a 500‐MHz centre frequency antenna facilitated the generation of two‐dimensional profiles and amplitude depth slices. The analyses presented here describe a processing sequence used to improve the image fidelity and the visualization of the remains of a relict archaeological excavation unit. Additionally, we employ depth slice overlay analysis for enhanced visualization of this feature. The results demonstrate a new processing methodology that helps in delineating the lateral extent of the excavation and its evolution. The results also highlight the implementation of a new visualization strategy in GPR surveys aimed towards detecting graves, burial tombs, and other rectilinear or cubic features. We conclude that even with excellent GPR imaging, there may be significant positioning errors in defining the boundaries of buried features.
Isaac Newton dans tous ses états
Authors: Fayolle Azélie
Published: September 2022

La chute d’une pomme aurait conduit Isaac Newton à la découverte de l’attraction universelle des corps : cette légende scientifique a été la source d’un running gag potache dans les planches de la Rubrique-à-brac. Gotlib dans ces planches exploite toutes les ressources du comique de répétition à partir d’une anecdote simple, qui révèle la potentialité narrative et évocatrice de la découverte pour la vulgarisation scientifique. Mais il ne s’agit pas seulement de voir les nombreux ressorts du comique : la reprise de la découverte scientifique montre que celle-ci est un matériau narratif, mais que les savoirs y sont oubliés.
Anthropologie raciale et savoirs biologiques
Authors: Reynaud-Paligot Carole
Published: September 2022

La « science des races » s’est construite au cours du xixe siècle dans un contexte marqué par des controverses scientifiques de l’époque : monogénisme versus polygénisme, créationnisme versus transformisme. Dans un contexte empreint de représentations inégalitaires, cette science a également rendu « scientifique » ces représentations : les idées de supériorité et d’infériorité des races se sont installées dans l’espace public, des revues scientifiques aux manuels scolaires, de la littérature coloniale aux tribunes de l'assemblée nationale.
Le diluvium géologique au xixe siècle : histoire d’un terme ambigu
Authors: Pizanias Nadia
Published: September 2022

Le diluvium, couche géologique des terrains quaternaires, est introduit dans la géologie du XIXe siècle par le géologue britannique William Buckland. Ce dernier désigne par ce mot de diluvium les dépôts issus de la dernière grande catastrophe qui a traversé notre planète, le Déluge, décrit dans les premiers chapitres de la Genèse. La théorie du géologue anglais se popularise en Grande-Bretagne mais y provoque également des débats au sein de la communauté scientifique et en dehors. Ceux-ci s’éteignent avec l’introduction de la thèse de l’extension des glaciers laquelle finit par remplacer la théorie diluvienne. L’usage du terme diluvium se répand dans le reste de l’Europe mais cela n’implique pas d’emblée une adhésion complète aux idées de William Buckland, en particulier l’assimilation du Déluge au diluvium géologique. Il s’avère qu’au final le vocabulaire diluvien recouvre un cadre théorique fluctuant qui le rend plus difficile à définir.
La géologie expérimentale : une voie fondatrice de la géologie moderne
Authors: Savaton Pierre
Published: September 2022

Auguste Daubrée (1814-1896) publie en 1867 un Rapport sur les progrès de la géologie expérimentale, puis en 1879 ses Études synthétiques de Géologie expérimentale. Cette géologie expérimentale développée dès la fin du XVIIIe siècle à l’appui des débats sur la réalité d’une fusion des roches va nourrir aussi bien l’évolution des idées sur la transformation et l’origine des roches magmatiques et métamorphiques, que le développement véritable de l’expérimentation et de la modélisation analogique. Aux spéculations des systèmes et à l’empirisme cartographique du XVIIIe siècle s’ajoute alors une troisième approche constitutive de la géologie, qui cherche à appuyer le discours géologique sur les outils et méthodes des sciences chimiques et physiques avant même le développement de la géophysique et de la géochimie.
Diarrhoea prevalence, characteristics and outcome among children admitted into the emergency ward of a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Atimati Anthony O. , Eki-Udoko Fidelis E.
Published: September 2022

Diarrhoea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, particularly in developing nations. The majority of cases can be successfully managed at home, but a few cases may necessitate admission to the emergency ward. The purpose of this research is to determine the prevalence, characteristics, outcome, and associated factors among those admitted. After obtaining consent, all children who presented with diarrhoea within a year were recruited for the study. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect biodata, diarrhoea treatment, and outcome information from caregivers. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyze the data. A total of 164 of the 5,087 children seen were admitted for diarrhoea, resulting in a 3.2% prevalence. A higher proportion of the participants were males, aged 0-24 months, and were not exclusively breastfed. A third of the participants had diarrhoea in the previous year, with a higher proportion having 1-2 episodes. The case fatality rate was 2.4%. The prevalence of diarrhoeal admissions is low, as is the case fatality rate. Stool frequency, hydration status, and socioeconomic class were all significant predictors of fatal diarrhoea outcomes. Recurrent episodes of diarrhoea were significantly associated with maternal education and attendance at day care centers.
Hematological indices as predictors of mortality in dengue shock syndrome
Authors: Gauri L.A. , Bhatnagar Ketan , Sameja Parvez , Nehara Hardeva Ram , Saini Kuldeep , Dutt Ravi , Bhatnagar Bhupen , Khokhar Mohit Singh , Kumar Vikas , Garg Anjali
Published: September 2022

Objective:

To explore predictive hematological parameters on admission which are associated with mortality in NS1 positive dengue shock syndrome patients.

Methods:

Demographic characteristics, hematological parameters, and the outcome of NS1 positive dengue shock syndrome patients without any comorbidity and coexisting infections were collected from the Intensive Care Unit and the results were compared between the survivor and non-survivor groups.

Results:

The mean age was (30.77±11.48) years and 56 (56.6%) patients were males. Out of the total 99 patients, 72 (72.27%) patients were successfully discharged and 27 (27.27%) patients eventually succumbed to death. The most common hematological finding was thrombocytopenia (95.95%), followed by anemia (52.52%) and decreased mean platelet volume (37.37%). After controlling other variables, logistic regression analysis showed that absolute neutrophil count and mean platelet volume were associated with mortality.

Conclusions:

Total leucocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, and total platelet count are significantly higher, and mean platelet volume is significantly lower in the non-survivor group as compared to the survivor group. Absolute neutrophil count and mean platelet volume are predictors associated with mortality.
The Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Quadratus Lumborum Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Lower-Segment Cesarean Section with Low-Dose Bupivacaine
Authors: Benedicta Roshni , Jain M. Karthik , Dixit Nischala , Shivappagoudar Vikram M.
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives:

The study sought to compare the postoperative analgesia after ultrasonography (USG)-guided bilateral transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block versus quadratus lumborum (QL) 1 block with lower concentration of bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower-segment cesarean section (LSCS).

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary hospital, Bengaluru, from 2019 to 2021. Fifty-six patients belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Class I and II aged 20–40 years posted for LSCS under subarachnoid block were divided into two groups. Patients in Group I were given bilateral TAP block and patients in Group II were given bilateral QL1 block under USG guidance at the end of surgery using 0.125% bupivacaine (20 ml) and 4 mg dexamethasone. Patients were monitored for postoperative pain with Numerical Pain Intensity Scale (NPIS) at 0, 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. Rescue analgesic was given if NPIS score was 6 or more. Time to first dose of rescue analgesic was noted. NPIS scores and time to rescue analgesic were compared using independent t test. P < 5% was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Average NPIS scores were less at 0, 1, and 4 h (<6) and higher at 8, 12, and 24 h in both the groups postoperatively. NPIS scores at 8 h were significantly higher in Group I compared to Group II (P = 0.02). Time to first dose of rescue analgesic was 7.32 h in Group I and 9.07 h in Group II (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Postoperative analgesia was better with USG-guided QL1 block versus USG-guided TAP block with 0.125% bupivacaine and 4 mg dexamethasone in patients undergoing LSCS.
Predictors of inadequate weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Almezaien Osama F.I.E.
Published: September 2022

Background and aim

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become a popular procedure in the bariatric field in Egypt. However, little is known regarding the prevalence and risk factors of inadequate weight loss (IWL) following this procedure. Thus, we conducted this study to estimate the prevalence of IWL and its predictors after LSG.

Patients and methods

The data of consecutive 118 obese adults who underwent LSG were reviewed. The collected data included preoperative and intraoperative variables. Our primary outcome was to estimate the prevalence of IWL or failure after LSG (percent of excess weight loss <50), while the secondary outcomes included identifying risk factors or predictors for this unsatisfactory outcome.

Results

Failure was encountered in 34 patients out of the included 118 cases. Therefore, the prevalence of failure was 28.81%. Older age and higher basal BMI were associated with failure. Sex distribution was comparable between success and failure groups. Obesity-related comorbidities showed no significant difference between the same groups, apart from obstructive sleep apnea, which showed a significant rise in the failure group. Additionally, operative time, bougie size, and distance from pylorus did not show any significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusion

Older age, higher basal BMI, obstructive sleep apnea, increased number of obesity-related comorbidities, and previous gastric balloon are significant risk factors for IWL following LSG. Another bariatric procedure (mainly malabsorptive) should be offered for these high-risk groups.
Analysis of blended learning in ophthalmology for undergraduates during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Mohammed Mostafa F.
Published: September 2022

Background and aim

Online and blended learning (BL) are widely adopted by colleges during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to analyze BL tools that were applied in integrated ophthalmology curriculum for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patients and methods

Subjective analysis was done using the Google platform survey. In all, 230 third-level medical students at Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine responded to 19 Likert scale questionnaires at the end of the ophthalmology course. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program, version 24 was used to measure statistical differences of students’ responses from neutrality.

Results

Students’ responses suggested that lecturers used effective instructional tools and explained course topics clearly, but 6 weeks for ophthalmology curriculum in association with other medical courses were exhausting for students. Virtual case-based learning can substitute practical real patients’ dependent learning for undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic, and using of more animations, simulations, and videos can improve clinical learning. Interaction between instructors and students was essential for better understanding and solving any educational problems. Microsoft teams was easy for studying and for conducting the examination. Most students reported that BL is more useful than only face-to-face traditional learning as BL helped them to improve thinking and selves’ confidence, and they can study at any time at home comfortably but they met some technical problems related to internet connection and electronic applications.

Conclusion

BL has valuable advantages over traditional only face-to-face methods and is effective in the absence of practical real patients’ dependent learning for undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The relation between Demodex colonization and manifestations of meibomian-gland dysfunction
Authors: Mohammed Shorouk A. , Mostafa Tarek A. , Kamel Rehab M. , El Kholy Walaa Abd E.S.
Published: September 2022

Background and aim

Meibomian-gland dysfunction (MGD) is a very common disease we face every day in the clinic. It is the essential cause of evaporative dry eye. It is a chronic, diffuse disorder of the meibomian glands, distinguished by terminal-duct obstruction and/or qualitative/quantitative variations in glandular secretion. It may result in alteration of the tear film, manifestations of eye irritation, clinically evident inflammation, and also ocular-surface disease (OSD). The aim of the study was to relate Demodex colonization to MGD.

Patients and methods

This study included 76 eyes divided into two groups, group A (patients’ group) included 38 eyes with MGD, group B (control group) included 38 eyes with normal lid margin. Both groups were subjected to history taking, MGD evaluation by MGD grading, fluorescein breakup time, OSD index, Schirmer-1 test, and lash sampling. The lashes sampled were examined for Demodex colonization by light microscopy.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference in Demodex colonization between the patients’ group 16 (42.1%) eyes and the control group four (10.5%)eyes. We noticed predominance of female sex in the MGD patients’ group (84.2%). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding fluorescein breakup time, OSD index, and Schirmer-1 test with P value less than 0.001.

Conclusion

Demodex colonization is incriminated as an important cause of MGD and OSD. Our study suggests that treating Demodex is crucial in MGD patients.
Efficacy, safety, and predictors of response to infliximab therapy for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Fawaz Mohamed G. , Eid Khaled A.A. , Mohamed Mohamed F.
Published: September 2022

Background

Using infliximab (IFX), an antitumor necrosis factors antibody, has dramatically increased therapeutic choices for ulcerative colitis (UC). This study assessed IFX therapy’s efficacy, safety, and action predictor variables for UC.

Patients and methods

This prospective interventional study was done on 50 patients with UC. Patients underwent colonoscopy, biopsy, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) before start of IFX and after 8 weeks. Patients started 5 mg/kg IFX infusion at 0, 2, and 6 weeks and then every eight weeks. After 6 months, cases were subjected to colonoscopy, biopsy, CRP, complete blood count, and ESR to assess IFX therapy.

Results

After therapy, hemoglobin and inactive UC cases (90%) increased significantly and white blood cell, ESR, and CRP decreased significantly than before treatment, without significant difference in platelet count. IFX treatment was associated with improvement in 90% of cases. There was a significant relation between improvement and colonoscopy, histopathology finding, and CRP after treatment (P<0.001) as the majority of cases had inactive UC, UC chronic phase with mild inflammation, and negative CRP after therapy. There was a nonsignificant relation between improvement and disease extension and severity (mayo clinic score) after the period.

Conclusions

Active UC cases treated by IFX had a better mucosal healing and clinical responses, corrected of anemia and thrombocytopenia and normalized acute-phase reaction.
Seroprevelance of cytomegalovirus in healthy blood donors in Kafr El Sheikh General Hospital
Authors: El Mallah Ahmed Morshedy , Afify Mohammed A. , Abdel-Halim Mohammed M. , Mohammed Amr R.
Published: September 2022

Background and aim

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmission to seronegative patients with inadequate immunity might result in significant consequences. The goal of the study was to determine the prevalence of CMV antibodies in healthy blood donors at the Kafr El Sheikh General Hospital.

Patients and methods

This research enrolled 100patients with the same inclusion and exclusion criteria, in age ranging between 18 and 60 years, with confirmed seronegativity for hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and HIV. All patients were asked to complete history taking, full clinical examination, laboratory assessment, and peripheral blood samples. The blood samples were taken from each individual to test for CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Another sample was taken from IgM-positive cases in order to do PCR testing for CMV DNA.

Results

All cases among the study group were showing a positive CMV IgG with a high rate up to (100%). Consequently, in the general hospital in Kafr El Sheikh, healthy blood donors had a significant prevalence of CMV IgG. While, there were three (3%) patients of them had positive CMV IgM and 97 (97%) patients of them had Negative CMV IgM, this indicates a rarity of CMV IgM in healthy blood donors at Kafr El Sheikh General Hospital.

Conclusion

The high seroprevelance of CMV is a barrier to developing blood products of seronegative CMV in blood banks; nonetheless, we found that concentrated screening of a specific group of blood donors would be the best way to achieve this goal.
Pediatric penetrating keratoplasty and its unique challenges
Authors: Raj Anuradha
Published: September 2022

Pediatric penetrating keratoplasty (PK) or full-thickness cornea transplant is defined as PK in a patient younger than 16 years old. This procedure is different from the adult due to anatomical differences of the globe, excessive inflammation postoperatively, the higher expectation of the parents, and less visual outcome due to amblyopia. It is often convenient to look at these issues at various stages such as preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. All these phases pose their own unique challenges that can be managed with various strategies. Proper indication of the PK, proper evaluation, timing of the surgery, surgical planning and technique, intraoperative considerations, postoperative management, follow-ups, and outcome measurement matters a lot for the success of this surgery. Everything eventually affects the outcome and prognosis of PK in the pediatric age group.
Modular forms and some cases of the Inverse Galois Problem
Authors: Zywina David
Published: September 2022

We prove new cases of the Inverse Galois Problem by considering the residual Galois representations arising from a fixed newform. Specific choices of weight
$3$
newforms will show that there are Galois extensions of
${\mathbb Q}$
with Galois group
$\operatorname {PSL}_2({\mathbb F}_p)$
for all primes p and
$\operatorname {PSL}_2({\mathbb F}_{p^3})$
for all odd primes
$p \equiv \pm 2, \pm 3, \pm 4, \pm 6 \ \pmod {13}$
.
An Assessment of Household Knowledge and Practices during a Cholera Epidemic— Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 2016
Authors: Chae Sae-Rom , Lukupulo Haji , Kim Sunkyung , Walker Tiffany , Hardy Colleen , Abade Ahmed , Urio Loveness J. , Mghamba Janneth , Quick Robert
Published: September 2022

From August 15, 2015 to March 5, 2016, Tanzania reported 16,521 cholera cases and 251 deaths, with 4,596 cases and 44 deaths in its largest city, Dar es Salaam. To evaluate outbreak response efforts, we conducted a household survey with drinking water testing in the five most affected wards in Dar es Salaam. We interviewed 641 households 6 months after the beginning of the outbreak. Although most respondents knew that cholera causes diarrhea (90%) and would seek care if suspecting cholera (95%), only 45% were aware of the current outbreak in the area and only 5% would use oral rehydration salts (ORS) if ill. Of 200 (31%) respondents reporting no regular water treatment, 46% believed treatment was unnecessary and 18% believed treatment was too expensive. Fecal contamination was found in 45% of water samples and was associated with water availability (P = 0.047). Only 11% of samples had detectable free chlorine residual, which was associated with water availability (P = 0.025), reported current water treatment (P = 0.006), and observed free chlorine product in the household (P = 0.015). The provision of accessible, adequately chlorinated water supply, and implementation of social mobilization campaigns advocating household water treatment and use of ORS should be prioritized to address gaps in cholera prevention and treatment activities.