bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Means of Processing Electronic Text Documents
Authors:   V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Letychevskyi Oleksandr O. , Morokhovets Maryna K. ,   V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Shchogoleva Natalia M. ,   V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Digitization of legislation is an important area today, which is identified by the government as a priority. Creating digital legal documents and verifying them for compliance with the law is a necessary task in all areas of jurisprudence. This sets the task of automatic formalizing a legal document created as an arbitrary text in natural language. Purpose. Preparing a document for storage in digital format for further processing may require prior work with an original text. When using automatic means of linguistic analysis of the texts submitted in natural language, in particular, legal, which processes the text in sentences (working up the text sequentially sentence by sentence), problems of local and global nature arise. The problem of local nature is created, in particular, by the presence in the text of the sentences, which due to their considerable length are difficult to process (with the help of one or another tool of text analysis). The problem of a global nature arises when the semantic connection between the components of different sentences should be taken into account during the automatic processing of the text. The purpose of this work is to develop means for overcoming these problems. Results. A model for structuring long sentences containing enumerations as well as a method for eliminating the synonymy of object names referred to in the text, which is intended for automatic analysis, has been developed. Conclusion. Marking up sentences containing enumerations is useful, especially when the text is intended for analysis using a procedure that processes the text sentence by sentence. Structuring a sentence with an enumeration enables, on the one hand, to prepare the sentence for processing in parts, and on the other hand, not to lose the integrity of the sentence when processing in parts. In the method of eliminating the synonymy of names proposed in this paper, both the step of identifying the names of objects and the step of revealing the identity of names requires semantic analysis. To control the correctness of these steps, Oracle was introduced to improve the reliability of the result.
Application of the CORAL GMDH Algorithm for Modeling and Forecasting the National Income of Ukraine
Authors:   International Research and Training Centre of Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Savchenko-Synyakova Yevgeniya A. , Tutova Olena V. ,   International Research and Training Centre of Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Pidnebesna Halyna A. ,   International Research and Training Centre of Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine
Published: November 2021

CORAL GMDH is a method of the inductive approach. In this article it is used for modeling and forecasting socio-economic processes. Here the CORAL GMDH algorithm is applied to solve three problems: recovery of missing data, modeling of macroeconomic indicators, and forecasting the gross national income (GNI). Also, the CORAL GMDH algorithm is used to build models in the problem of modeling the dependence of GNI on socio-demographic indicators and develop recommendations on how the state can influence the level of human capital development in the country by influencing certain socio-demographic indices. The results of modeling for Ukraine, Belarus, and Poland are compared.
Microstructure and properties of TiB2-reinforced Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta processed by laser-powder bed fusion
Authors: Batalha Rodolfo Lisboa , Pinotti Vitor Eduardo , Alnoaimy Omar O. S. , Batalha Weverson Capute , Gustmann Tobias , Kosiba Konrad , Pauly Simon , Bolfarini Claudemiro , Kiminami Claudio Shyinti , Gargarella Piter
Published: November 2021

The Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta (wt%, TNZT) alloy was reinforced with TiB2 and synthesized by L-PBF. The relatively small TiB2 particles change the solidification structure from cellular to columnar-dendritic and lead to submicron TiB precipitation in the β matrix. This results in pronounced grain refinement and reduction of texture. However, the microstructure of the additively manufactured TNZT-TiB2 is still different from the as-cast, unreinforced TNZT, which contains equiaxed and randomly oriented grains. The β phase is less stable in the as-cast samples, leading to stress-induced martensitic transformation and recoverable strain of 1.5%. The TNZT with 1 wt% of TiB2 presents significantly higher compressive strength (σYS = 495 MPa) compared to unreinforced samples (σYS = 430 MPa), without sacrificing ductility or altering Young’s modulus (E ≈ 46 GPa). The addition of a small fraction of TiB2 to the TNZT alloy synthesized by L-PBF is a promising alternative for manufacturing sophisticated components for biomedical applications.

Graphical abstract
Proton irradiation-induced blistering in UO2
Authors: Pakarinen Janne , He Lingfeng , Gan Jian , Nelson Andrew T. , El-Azab Anter , Khafizov Marat , Allen Todd R.
Published: November 2021

Proton (H+) irradiation effects in polycrystalline UO2 have been studied. The irradiation was carried out using three ion energies and two different ion fluxes at 600 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations showed that significant surface flaking took place. Focused ion beam (FIB) milling in SEM was successfully applied for extracting lamellas from uneven blistered surfaces for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations allowing detailed investigations for the degradation mechanisms. High-resolution TEM for the flaked UO2 surfaces revealed that the implanted H+ formed sharp two-dimensional cavities at the peak ion-stopping region instead of diffusing to the matrix. The resulting lateral stress likely caused UO2 surface deterioration in good agreement with previous blistering and flaking studies on crystalline materials.

Graphical abstract
SOWING TIMES IN ADAPTATION, STABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND OIL AND PROTEIN CONTENTS OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPES1
Authors: FINOTO EVERTON LUIS , SOARES MARIA BEATRIZ BERNARDES , CORREIA ALESSANDRA NEVES , ALBUQUERQUE JOSÉ DE ANCHIETA ALVES DE , SILVA EDGLEY SOARES DA
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT No isolated factor influences soybean development and production more than the sowing date, but the responses of cultivars sown on different sowing dates depends on their sensitivity to environmental conditions. Thus, this study evaluated the adaptability and stability of 17 soybean genotypes in relation to yield, as well as to the grain oil and protein contents as a function of different sowing times. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with three replications and a 17 × 5 factorial scheme. The genotypes were: Conquista, CD 223 AP, Elite, Garantia, Bioagro lineage, M-Soy 8400, M-soy 8001, Nambu, Sambaíba, Esplendor, UFVS 2006, UFVS 2005, UFVTN 102, UVF 18, UFV 16, Valiosa, Vencedora, and the five sowing dates were: SD1 = 11/3, SD2 = 11/20, SD3 = 12/07, SD4 = 12/23, and SD5 = 01/09. The M-Soy 8001, UFV 18 and Garantia genotypes showed high oil contents, with adaptation to all sowing dates and stability when sown on the most favorable dates. The Bioagro lineage, CD 223 AP, and Garantia genotypes were adapted and stable when sown on all sowing dates and had higher protein contents than the other genotypes, regardless of the sowing date. The Elite, Nambu, and Garantia genotypes were adapted and stable when sown on the most favorable sowing dates and presented high grain yields when sown in early December. The findings indicate that the Garantia genotype is the most suitable for the growing conditions of the central-north region of the state of São Paulo.
SEED TREATMENT WITH TRICHODERMA AND CHEMICALS TO IMPROVE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY OF WHEAT CULTIVARS1
Authors: COUTO ANA PAULA SILVA , PEREIRA ALANA EMANOELE , ABATI JULIA , FONTANELA MAIRA LAÍZA CAMARGO , DIAS-ARIEIRA CLAUDIA REGINA , KROHN NÁDIA GRACIELE
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Seed treatment with fungi of the genus Trichoderma spp. provides several benefits, including plant growth promotion, stress tolerance, and pathogenic fungi control. Moreover, to avoid inadequate doses and unnecessary costs, these treatments must be applied in proper amounts. However, no study has evaluated their applicability in wheat seeds. This study aimed to determine the most efficient dose of Trichoderma-based products applied as a seed treatment for improving the physiological and sanitary quality of the wheat cultivars TBIO ‘Toruk’ and TBIO ‘Sossego’, besides comparing the performance of biological and chemical agents. Two biological treatments (Trichoderma asperellum SF 04 and Trichoderma harzianum IBLF006) were applied at 0 (control), 5 × 10 11 , 1 × 10 12 , 1.5 × 10 12 , and 2 × 10 12 colony-forming units (CFU) 100 kg–1 seed. Two chemical treatments (carboxin + thiram and pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl + fipronil) were applied at the manufacturers’ recommended doses. Seed germination, shoot and root lengths, seedling dry matter, and sanitary quality were analyzed under laboratory conditions, while seedling emergence, shoot length, and shoot dry matter were analyzed under greenhouse conditions. The optimal dose for wheat seed treatment with T. asperellum SF 04 and T. harzianum IBLF006 was 2 × 10 12 CFU 100 kg–1 seed. When comparing biological and chemical products, our findings indicate that both options are adequate for managing wheat diseases and providing seedling growth via seed treatment.
FLORAL BIOLOGY AND BEEKEEPING POTENTIAL OF Croton heliotropiifolius KUNTH (EUPHORBIACEAE) AT SEMI ARID REGION, BRAZIL1
Authors: OLIVEIRA VANDERLEI DA SILVA , NASCIMENTO JÚNIOR JOSÉ MONTEIRO DO , BORGES RICARDO LANDIM BORMANN DE , LIMA LUCIENE CRISTINA LIMA E
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to determine the beekeeping potential of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth (Euphorbiaceae) based on flowering strategy, floral characteristics, available floral resources, and the individuals frequencies and foraging activities of Apis mellifera L. on its flowers in Fazenda Ingazeira, Brazil. Each C. heliotropiifolius plant possessed inconspicuous diclinous flowers clustered into 560 ± 60 dense terminal inflorescences containing 59 ± 12 pistillate and 160 ± 26 staminate flowers. Although both types of flowers produced nectar (pistillate: 2.8 ± 0.8 μL ; staminate: 0.3 ± 0.06 μL ), A. mellifera workers mostly visited staminate flowers (98%) during the peak visitation period (08:00-11:00 h). Moreover, during the foraging period, each plant produced approximately 5.376 × 10 8 pollen grains, ensuring approximately 33 visitation cycles from a colony of A mellifera workers that picked up an average of 405 pollen grains per visit per flower. Further, C. heliotropiifolius showed an annual cornucopia flowering strategy with high flower production for five months, which is an important characteristic that ensures floral resource availability in the environment. These findings suggest that C. heliotropiifolius has a great potential for apiculture in this region.
Neo-Fascismo, Capitalismo e Educadores Marxistas
Authors: Hill Dave
Published: November 2021

RESUMO Meu foco neste artigo está na educação marxista revolucionária, distinguindo-a, em particular, das versões centrista e de esquerda da socialdemocracia/revisionismo. Nesse sentido, apresento o que considero serem cinco aspectos-chave da crítica dos marxistas sobre a política educacional e apresento propostas, e busco cumprir, relacionadas a: (i) Currículo e Avaliação, (ii) Pedagogia, (iii) A Cultura Organizacional dentro da Escola / Instituição, (iv) Organização do Sistema de Ensino e dos Alunos, ou seja, escolaridade integral ou seletiva, e (v) Propriedade e Controle de Escolas, Faculdades e Universidades. A conclusão expõe o que há de especificamente marxista nas propostas apresentadas.
Presentation and outcomes of chronic kidney disease patients with COVID-19
Authors: Branco Carolina Gonçalves , Duarte Inês , Gameiro Joana , Costa Cláudia , Marques Filipe , Oliveira João , Bernardo João , Fonseca José Nuno , Carreiro Carolina , Braz Sandra , Lopes José António
Published: November 2021

Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 is currently a global health issue and an important cause of mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the risk factors for infection, morbidity and mortality by SARS-CoV-2. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation and outcomes of CKD patients with COVID-19, as well as identify predictors of mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective study of CKD patients admitted in a tertiary-care Portuguese hospital between March and August of 2020. Variables were submitted to univariate and multivariate analysis to determine factors predictive of in-hospital mortality. Results: 130 CKD patients were analyzed (median age 73.9 years, male 60.0%). Hypertension (81.5%), cardiovascular disease (36.2%), and diabetes (54.6%) were frequent conditions. Cough, dyspnea, fever and respiratory failure were also common. Almost 60% had anemia, 50% hypoalbuminemia, 13.8% hyperlactacidemia and 17% acidemia. Mean serum ferritin was 1531 µg/L, mean CRP 8.3 mg/dL and mean LDH 336.9 U/L. Most patients were treated with lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine or corticosteroids and only 2 with remdesivir. Eighty percent had acute kidney injury and 16.2% required intensive care unit admission. The 34 patients who died were older and more likely to have heart failure. They had higher neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio, ferritin, lactate, and LDH levels. Multivariate analysis identified an association between older age [OR 1.1 (CI 1.01-1.24), p=0.027], higher ferritin [OR 1.0 (CI 1.00-1.00), p=0.009] and higher LDH levels [OR 1.0 (CI 1.00-1.01), p=0.014] and mortality. Conclusion: In our cohort of CKD patients with COVID-19, older age, higher ferritin, and higher LDH levels were independent risk factors for mortality.
Yield, fruit quality, and survival of 'Pêra' sweet orange on eight rootstocks in tropical cohesive soils
Authors: Carvalho Hélio Wilson Lemos de , Carvalho Luciana Marques de , Teodoro Adenir Vieira , Barros Inácio de , Girardi Eduardo Augusto , Soares Filho Walter dos Santos , Passos Orlando Sampaio
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the influence of eight rootstocks on the yield, fruit quality, and survival of 'Pêra CNPMF D6' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees grown under rainfed conditions in a cohesive soil of the Brazilian Northeast. In 2014-2018, the yield, fruits, and survival of trees planted in 1997 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design. Yield was assessed using annual fruit production, yield efficiency, and the alternate bearing index. Tree survival was considered the percentage of plants that remained alive until 2018. Fruit quality was evaluated by physicochemical attributes. 'Cravo' confirmed its good yield performance. Despite the lower number of trees, the 'Mazoe' rough lemon rootstock induced the highest fruit yield. The 'Cravo' x 'Cleópatra' hybrid and 'Volkameriano' lemon favored the highest trees survival, whereas 'Indio' citrandarin and 'Cravo' lime resulted in intermediate levels. The 'San Diego' and 'Riverside' citrandarins induced shorter tree with a high yield efficiency and a higher alternate bearing index, respectively. Fruits with less juice and mass were induced, respectively, by 'Riverside' citrandarin and 'Volkameriano' lemon. It can be concluded that the 'Mazoe' rootstock induces a higher fruit yield and 'Cravo' x 'Cleópatra' and 'Volkameriano', a greater survival. In addition, all rootstocks, except 'Riverside' and 'Volkameriano', induce fruit that meet the minimum quality requirements.
Functionality of cassava genotypes for waxy starch
Authors: Santos Thaís Barbosa dos , Carvalho Carlos Wanderlei Piler de , Oliveira Luciana Alves de , Oliveira Eder Jorge de , Villas-Boas Flávia , Franco Célia Maria Landi , Chávez Davy William Hidalgo
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The objective of this work was to select cassava (Manihot esculenta) genotypes from the Brazilian germplasm bank with a functionality similar to that of waxy starch. A total of 881 genotypes were pre-selected using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, and their industrial potential was compared with that of the 7745-5WX waxy cassava and the WX-Maize waxy maize clones, both used as references. Two genotypes stood out: BGM0036 and BGM0083. Samples from these four genotypes were characterized by means of amylose content, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, paste viscosity, and chain-length distribution of amylopectin. The samples presented A-type crystallinity and no statistical differences (p > 0.05) regarding crystallinity degree (25.3 to 30.0), which shows similar proportions of the amylose/amylopectin fractions. No differences were observed in the microstructure of the cassava starches. Initial gelatinization temperature and amylopectin short chains presented a very strong negative correlation, indicating that a lower proportion of short chains of amylopectin results in a higher initial temperature of gelatinization. BGM0036 and BGM0083 show a low final viscosity, close to that of the waxy maize and cassava starches, being an alternative for use in different foods that require stability during freezing.
Deposición convectiva rápida a escala nanométrica de materiales compuestos activos para la fabricación de transistores orgánicos de efecto de campo
Authors: Del Pozo Freddy G. , Mas-Torrent Marta
Published: November 2021

Transistores orgánicos de efecto de campo basados en un material compuesto han sido fabricados por medio de la técnica de deposición convectiva rápida. La fabricación fue llevada a cabo bajo condiciones ambientales (aire, luz y humedad). En todos los casos, los transistores fabricados muestran un claro comportamiento de efecto de campo con características de semiconductor tipo-p, y exhiben movilidades en el orden de 10-2 cm2/V.s, totalmente comparables con transistores obtenidos por evaporación térmica del mismo material activo. La técnica de deposición demuestra que se pueden obtener dispositivos con alta reproducibilidad y que en todos los casos muestran una baja tensión umbral de alrededor 1 V. Por lo tanto, se demuestra que la deposición convectiva rápida puede ser usada para la fabricación de transistores orgánicos de efecto de campo sobre áreas amplias, con indicadores de reproducibilidad entre dispositivos y alta estabilidad en condiciones ambiente.
ФОРМЫ ПРАВОВОЙ ОХРАНЫ ДИЗАЙНЕРСКИХ РЕШЕНИЙ
Authors: Китайский Владимир Евгеньевич
Published: November 2021

В статье приведен анализ разных форм правовой охраны дизайнерских решений, изделий, обозначений и произведений искусства. Такими формами правовой охраны являются промышленные образцы, товарные знаки и объекты авторского права в виде произведений искусства. Показаны преимущества каждого из перечисленных объектов интеллектуальной собственности и его недостатки по сравнению с другими анализируемыми объектами.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА КАК ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ОБЪЕКТЫ СМЕЖНЫХ ПРАВ
Authors: Трынченков Николай Алексеевич
Published: November 2021

В статье проанализирована текущая ситуация с оценкой охраноспособности результатов функционирования искусственного интеллекта как отдельного класса сложных программных продуктов. Выдвинуто предположение о необходимости дифференцирования алгоритмов, лежащих в основе таких программных продуктов, в зависимости от качества результатов их функционирования на креативные и некреативные. Сформулирован тезис об их потенциальной охраноспособности как самостоятельных объектов результатов функционирования креативных алгоритмов. Рассмотрена и обоснована перспективность предоставления им охраны как новой разновидности объектов смежных прав.
НАУЧНЫЕ ХРОНИКИ
Authors: Якимовская Наталья Леонидовна
Published: November 2021

Научные хроники 2021
Environmental Awareness Character Study of Kuala Langsa Society
Authors: Mahyuny Siska Rita , S. Pandia Ekariana , Mustikasari Vita Ria , Nasution Rizal
Published: November 2021

Mangrove Forest, located in Kuala Langsa, Aceh Province of Indonesia, is one of the local, regional, national, and international ecotourism destinations. However, there are some issues about the awareness character of the society around Kuala Langsa. This research purpose is to have a better understanding of the people and their knowledge concerning to environmental issues. The technique used in the research was a random sampling interview combined with customized questionnaires as an indicator of understanding about environmental issues awareness taken from 100 respondents. The data value shown by Likert scale as follow: 46.8 percent littering habits, 33 percent toilet sanitation, 36.2 percent reuse of product. The research concludes the awareness character of Kuala Langsa society influenced by the educational level, economic condition, and their opportunity to gain access to the next level of educational grade, and also low frequency of government appeal to the society of how important to always maintain and preserve the Kuala Langsa Mangrove.
Development of Guided Inquiry Based Teaching Materials Enriched with Augmented Reality
Authors: Noviantia Venin Kharisma , Munzil Munzil , Mustikasari Vita Ria , Yulianti Erni
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research and development is to produce Guided-Inquiry Based Teaching Materials Enriched by Augmented Reality (AR) on the subject of light and optics for 8th grade which is feasible and valid, as a teaching materials during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research and development using Lee and Owen’s method. However, it was narrowed down into 3 stages only, which are: assessment/analysis, design, and development stage. The teaching material’s validity was obtained from expert’s validation result, while the feasibility was obtained from the feasibility test on the students. Developed teaching materials takes form of an A5 sized pocket book, and discuss about the basic competencies in the subject of light and optics. Subject delivery served through learning module, learning video, and AR technology on image formation as well as using Google Form as student worksheet. The validation result shows that developed teaching materials are feasible and valid with score percentage more than 61 percent.
Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению немелкоклеточного рака легкого
Authors: Лактионов К. К. , Артамонова Е. В. , Бредер В. В. , Горбунова В. А. , Моисеенко Ф. В. , Реутова Е. В. , Сакаева Д. Д. , Смолин А. В. , Тер-Ованесов М. Д.
Published: November 2021

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Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению мезотелиомы плевры, брюшины и других локализаций
Authors: Бычков М. Б. , Абдуллаев А. Г. , Багрова С. Г. , Барболина Т. Д. , Борисова Т. Н. , Владимирова Л. Ю. , Деньгина Н. В. , Левченко Е. В. , Сакаева Д. Д.
Published: November 2021

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Практические рекомендации по лекарственному лечению рака мочевого пузыря
Authors: Гладков О. А. , Зуков Р. А. , Матвеев В. Б. , Митин Т. , Носов Д. А. , Попов А. М.
Published: November 2021

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Практические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению фебрильной нейтропении
Authors: Сакаева Д. Д. , Борисов К. Е. , Булавина И. С. , Когония Л. М. , Курмуков И. А. , Орлова Р. В. , Шабаева М. М.
Published: November 2021

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Клинические рекомендации по коррекции гепатотоксичности, индуцированной противоопухолевой терапией
Authors: Ткаченко П. Е. , Ивашкин В. Т. , Маевская М. В.
Published: November 2021

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A nova face da docência: uma proposta de revisão do Censo da Educação Superior
Authors: Vargas Hustana Maria , Zuccarelli Carolina
Published: November 2021

Mediante a expansão da educação terciária, especialmente da modalidade a distância, e com base no debate sobre a desagregação profissional, a pesquisa oferece uma proposta de aprimoramento do Censo da Educação Superior. Discute o estado da arte das informações sobre os docentes por meio dos instrumentos de avaliação do Ministério da Educação e apresenta hipóteses para a invisibilidade dos tutores no Censo. Os resultados indicam poucas informações sobre as condições de atuação docente, especialmente para os tutores, profissionais que exercem a função de mediação no processo de ensino e aprendizagem e que constituem a principal força profissional na educação a distância. Conclui que o maior detalhamento sobre o trabalho docente é um passo essencial para a qualidade da educação superior.
ETDR: An Exploratory View of Text Detection and Recognition in Images and Videos
Authors: Lokkondra Chaitra Yuvaraj , Ramegowda Dinesh , Thimmaiah Gopalakrishna Madigondanahalli , Vijaya Ajay Prakash Bassappa , Shivananjappa Manjula Hebbaka
Published: November 2021

Images and videos with text content are a direct source of information. Today, there is a high need for image and video data that can be intelligently analyzed. A growing number of researchers are focusing on text identification, making it a hot issue in machine vision research. Since this opens the way, several real-time-based applications such as text detection, localization, and tracking have become more prevalent in text analysis systems. To find out more about how text information may be extracted, have a look at our survey. This study presents a trustworthy dataset for text identification in images and videos at first. The second part of the article details the numerous text formats, both in images and video. Third, the process flow for extracting information from the text and the existing machine learning and deep learning techniques used to train the model was described. Fourth, explain assessment measures that are used to validate the model. Finally, it integrates the uses and difficulties of text extraction across a wide range of fields. Difficulties focus on the most frequent challenges faced in the actual world, such as capturing techniques, lightning, and environmental conditions. Images and videos have evolved into valuable sources of data. The text inside the images and video provides a massive quantity of facts and statistics. However, such data is not easy to access. This exploratory view provides easier and more accurate mathematical modeling and evaluation techniques to retrieve the text in image and video into an accessible form.
De trenes y camiones a campanas y etapas. Trasformaciones del sistema de inclusión de recuperadores urbanos en la gestión de los residuos secos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (2008 - 2020)
Authors: Schamber Pablo , Suárez Francisco
Published: November 2021

En la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires tiene lugar desde hace algunos años un sistema de inclusión de los recolectores informales de residuos reciclables a la gestión oficial de los residuos que supera cualquier otra experiencia existente en el mundo. Aquí 12 organizaciones cooperativas que nuclean a cerca de 5.500 recuperadores urbanos tienen en todo el territorio y a su exclusivo cargo, tanto la recolección diferenciada de los residuos secos o inorgánicos, como su acondicionamiento mediante la gestión de instalaciones conocidas como “Centros Verdes”, siendo además independientes en el modocomo comercializan con terceros los materiales reciclables. Este artículo brinda precisiones sobre las principales características de este sistema.
Vestibular Physiotherapy Patients May Require Medical Assessment: Results of Vertigo Audit in Hutt Hospital
Authors: Teo Shyh Poh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: To identify the type of referrals received by vestibular physiotherapists for vertigo and assess whether medical review for these patients would be appropriate.
Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of referral forms, vestibular assessment forms, and vertigo clinic letters of patients referred for vertigo or vestibular physiotherapy input between July 1, 2013, to December 31, 2013.
Results:  We  studied 29 patients with a median age of 63 years. A diagnosis was provided  in 65.5% of the referrals. Of 14 patients with possible benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Dix-Hallpike had been performed only for 4 patients. Almost half were seen for the medical review in the Vertigo Clinic due to the concerns of possible alternative non-vestibular diagnosis, medication issues, or syncope. Alternative diagnoses identified medically included orthostatic hypotension, stroke, vestibular migraine, medication-induced bradycardia, and phobic postural vertigo. Medication changes in vertigo clinic included treatment for heart failure, migraine, and medication optimization.
Conclusion: Medical review is appropriate for some patients referred for vestibular physiotherapy. A medical opinion should  be sought  by vestibular  physiotherapists  if there is uncertainty or concerns that the referred patients did not have straightforward vestibular problems, or there were possible alternative diagnoses, concerns with medications, or syncope.
Changes in Muscle Strategies During Landing Task in Subjects With and Without Knee Genu Varum
Authors: Azizi Mahboobeh , Khademi Khosrow , Ghasemi Mehri , Akbarzadegan Alireza
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Onset and offset activation of lower limb and trunk muscles may change the knee with genu varum during landing. These motor control strategies can be different from those in healthy subjects and contribute to more injuries in lower extremities. This study aimed to compare the delay time of the onset activity of the abdominal and lower limb muscles in the specific landing task.
Materials and Methods: Ten females with genu varum deformity and ten females with normal knee participated in this case-control study. Genu varum deformity was measured by a camera capturing goniometer. The subjects were informed to land by preferred lower limb from a table (30 cm high) on a force plate. Vertical Ground Reaction Force (VGRF) was measured to clarify the onset of the landing task. Surface Electromyography (sEMG) of transverse abdominal/int. oblique (TA/IO), Vastus Medialis (VM), Vastus Lateralis (VL), Lateral Gastrocnemius (LG), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles were recorded during landing. The difference between the onset activity of the above muscles and onset of VGRF was calculated as delay times and compared between muscles and between two groups. Also, the offset of activities and the intensity of muscle activation (normalized RMS) were compared between the two groups.
Results: Lower limb and trunk muscles showed significantly different onset of activities in the genu varum group (P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the onset of muscle activities in the healthy group. Results indicated significant differences between two groups in TA/IO, LG, and MG muscles and the genu varum group had longer delay time for motor control strategy (especially ankle strategy) in the landing task. Offset time of all muscles in the genu varum and healthy subjects had a significant difference between muscles, especially in gastrocnemius muscles (P<0.05). Also, there were significant changes between the two groups in LG and MG muscles (P<0.05). Normalized muscle activities (nRMS) generally indicated an increase in muscle activation of genu varum subjects (TA/IO, LG, MG) compared with the normal subjects (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Motor control strategies in landing task is different in the genu varum group due to changes in biomechanics and properties of the knee joint. This variation may be due to changes in proprioception afferent pathways around the knee joint. An increase in muscle activation, delay, and offset time of muscle activities in these subjects, indicated that an increase in the degree of freedom may change motor control strategies. Internal anticipation and postural adjustment of the landing task in these subjects need more motor unit recruitment (an increase in nRMS). This deformity in the knee joint might affect some activities and possibly cause knee changes such as osteoarthritis.
Assessment of Attitudeand Practice of General Dental Practitioners Dealing With Temporomandibular Disorders and Referral to Physiotherapists
Authors: Samejo Bakhtawar , Farooq Lasi Fahad , Mehmood Atif , Saleem Saad , Waseem Hassan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This study was conducted to assess the attitude and practice of general dental practitioners when dealing with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) and referral to physiotherapy.
Materials and Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with a study population of General Dental Practitioners (GPDs) of Mirpur Khas Sindh. The total study population estimated was about 55 GPDs in this district. A convenient sampling technique was used to recruit the samples. The study questionnaire was adopted from the different articles and modified as per our socio-cultural needs. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were calculated via chrome back alpha test by doing a pilot study on 25 participants and found its validity as 80% and reliability as 75%. The questionnaire consisted of three sections of general questions regarding referral to physiotherapy, attitude, and practice of general dental practitioners in managing temporomandibular joint dysfunctions (TMD).
Results: The results showed that 57.1% of GPDs believe that 53.1% of patients had neck pain and poor posture. Also, 81.6% of patients were referred to other healthcare providers, and only 22.4% of patients were referred to a physiotherapist. About 28.6% of patients were referred to physiotherapists just because of neck pain, only 22.4% of patients with postural alterations were referred to a physiotherapist. Also, 53.1% of GPDs had little confidence in assessing, therapeutic decision, and treatment outcomes of TMDs. About 69.4% of GPDs provided medical management to the patients suffering from TMD, while 44.9% of GPDs provided pharmacological management.
Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a need for TMD experts to deal with patients suffering from TMDs. General dental practitioners of Mirpur Khas, Sindh know little about the physiotherapeutic benefits for TMD. The majority of GPDs have very little confidence   in making a diagnosis and treating patients suffering from temporomandibular dysfunctions.
A Study of Word Reading in Persian- speaking Children With Dyslexia and Normal Ones
Authors: Ahadi Hourieh , Nadarkhani Reza , Ghayoomi Masood
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Reading is undoubtedly one of the most valuable skills of human beings. This complex behavior is composed of several distinct skills. Different theories about reading methods have been proposed and many researchers believe that reading methods varies in languages because of the different transparency in their orthography, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the Persian word reading pattern in children with dyslexia and normal children and compare their abilities.
Materials and Methods: For conducting this cross-sectional study, after issuing required permits, the elementary school children with dyslexia were identified by referring to learning disorders schools in Tehran City, Iran. After evaluating and diagnosing by the psychologist and speech therapist, 16 students with dyslexia were found. Then 32 normal age-matched students of Tehran’s public schools were randomly selected from the available population as the control group. The reading and phonological awareness tests were then performed in different sessions. The results of the tests were recorded and the data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests in SPSS version 20.
Results: There was a significant difference between children with dyslexia and their age- matched normal group in reading skills and phonological awareness (P<0.05). In both groups, the mean percentage in reading irregular words was higher than the mean percentage of non- word reading. There is a significant correlation between reading speed and reading irregular words in both groups, and also between reading accuracy and reading non-words (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between the reading  speed and  reading  non-words  in the group with dyslexia (P<0.05). But in normal children, there is no significant correlation between these tasks. This difference shows the problem of children with dyslexia pertains to reading non-words.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, in children with dyslexia, there is a problem with reading non-words, and the dual-route of word reading has changed to only the whole word reading route. So it is important to consider phonological awareness skills training in children with dyslexia.
Effects of Low-Level Laser Irradiation and Dry Needling on the Symptoms of Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Motavalian Maryam , Bashardoust Tajali Siamak , Attarbashi Moghadam Behrouz , Hosseini Seyedeh Zohreh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) combined with Dry Needling (DN) with DN alone on pain and neck disability index following myofascial pain syndrome.
Materials and Methods: Sixteen women with active Trigger Points (TrPs) in their upper trapezius muscles participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: Experimental and control. The experimental group received one session of the DN plus the LLLT with 6 j/ cm2 energy at their TrPs. The patients in the control group were under a similar procedure, but they did not receive any energy by the LLLT (placebo). The pain score was assessed before, immediately, and 48 hours after the treatment. Neck Disability Index (NDI) was assessed before and 48 hours after the treatment.
Results: There was a significant improvement in pain intensity and NDI scores 48 hours after the treatment in both groups compared with the baseline scores (P<0.05). The pain was also significantly reduced at the patients following laser therapy immediately after the treatment (P=0.01).
Conclusion: A combination of the LLLT and DN might be more effective compared with using DN alone, and reduce immediate pain at the patients  with the active TrPs. There was no difference between the groups 48 hours after the treatment. It seems that LLLT has no considerable effect on NDI and pain intensity 48 hours after the treatment.
Comparing Between the Effects of Dry Needling and Shock Wave in the Treatment of Trapezius Myofascial Pain
Authors: Toghtamesh Mehran , Bashardoust Tajali Siamak , Jalaei Shohreh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are important causes of pain. Trigger points are one of the common reasons for myofascial pain. This study aimed to compare a single session of dry needling versus a single session of shock wave therapy on the level of pain and Range of Motion (ROM) in the people with Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) of the upper trapezius muscle.
Materials and Methods: Sixteen men with active trigger points of upper trapezius muscle were voluntarily attended in this study. They were randomly assigned into two groups. The patients were under a single session treatment of either dry needling or shock wave therapy. Level of pain (by Visual Analog Scale [VAS]) and active ROM of neck lateral flexion (by goniometer) were evaluated once before the treatment and immediately after the intervention.
Results: The VAS scores and the neck ROMs were substantially improved at both groups of study immediately after the treatment (P<0.012). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups of interventions in terms of the VAS and ROM scores (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Both dry needling and shock wave therapy can improve neck pain and ROM in patients with active trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle.
Effect of Mathieson Laryngeal Manual Therapy in Patients With Muscle Tension Dysphonia After a Therapeutic Course
Authors: Fallah Mohammad , Khoddami Seyyedeh Maryam , Jalaie Shohreh , Aghazadeh Keyvan , Rezaei Rad Amin
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Mathieson Laryngeal Manual Therapy (MLMT) following a therapeutic course in patients with primary Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD).
Materials and Methods: Twelve patients with primary MTD participated in this study. At first, videostroboscopy and perceptual voice assessment was performed, and the Persian version of Vocal Tract Discomfort (VTDp) scale was completed. After two and a half weeks that patients received no treatment, the assessments were repeated to evaluate the effect of spontaneous recovery. For studying the effect of MLMT, it was presented in five sessions. Then, all assessments were repeated. The frequency of supraglottic activity was elicited. For the perceptual evaluation and VTDp, the Wilcoxon nonparametric test was used to study and compare the effect of spontaneous recovery and MLMT.
Results: After spontaneous recovery, a significant difference was observed only in strain (P<0.05). After MLMT, the frequency of supraglottic activity decreased, and perceptual voice parameters significantly changed (P<0.05), but the VTDp showed no significant difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between spontanous recovery and MLMT based on the paerceptual voice evaluation and VTDp scale (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The MLMT can remarkably improve the supraglottic activity and perceptual characteristics of voice in primary MTD after a therapeutic course. Further studies are recommended to confirm the effectiveness of MLMT on decreasing VTD sensations.
Prevention and Importance of Care for Pressure Ulcers in People With Coronavirus in Iran
Authors: Salehi Keyvan , Mirshoja Mina Sadat
Published: November 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Histopathological Evaluation of the Effects of Low-level Laser Therapy on the Healing of Experimental Cryosurgical Wound in Normal Rat Skin
Authors: Zargaran Sepehr , Mohitmafi Soroush , Anisian Ali
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This research aimed to study the healing process of cryosurgical wounds after topical application of low-level laser and to evaluate its effects for the prevention of healing complications.
Materials  and Methods: A total of 50 healthy  male Wistar  rats with an average  weight   of 200-250 g were selected and randomly divided into two main groups. In control group (N=25), cryosurgery was done without using of low-level laser. In experimental group (N=25), cryosurgery was done and the low-level laser was used for 10 days post-surgery. Each main group was divided into five subgroups (n=5) according to histopathological evaluation date (3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-surgical) and healing process was evaluated on the wound specimens harvested at above-mentioned days. The full- thickness wounds were harvested   in 40 mm in length and 20 mm in width and the specimens were stained using hematoxylin- eosin and Masson’s Trichrome staining. The healing process  was evaluated  and compared  in groups by observation of granulation tissue and collagen fibers amounts, epithelial gap size, the number of inflammatory cells, and the rate of angiogenesis. Data were collected and statistically analyzed and compared between the experimental and control groups on specific days using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dan post hoc statistical tests.
Results:  The obtained data were compared between the experimental and control groups    on different days using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dan post hoc statistical tests. The statistical results revealed significant differences between groups (P<0.05) in all mentioned variables. It revealed that the healing process in the experimental group took place at least one week earlier than the control group.
Conclusion: The results of this animal study showed that the low-level laser therapy on an experimental cryosurgical wound not only accelerates the healing process but also can be effective in the prevention of healing complications. The authors suggest further research to extend the results to human applications.
A Family-based Telerehabilitation Program for Improving Gross Motor Skills in Children With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Aqdassi Louisa , Sadeghi Saeid , Pouretemad Hamid Reza , Fathabadi Jalil
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience problems in motor skills which can affect other abilities such as academic and daily life skills.  In this regard,  the cost of interventions and the long distance from the rehabilitation  centers  put pressure  on the family of children with ASD. Previous studies have shown the potential for using telerehabilitation as a more affordable way to provide interventions for children with ASD. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the non-attendant family-centered Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids (SPARK) motor program intervention to develop gross motor skills in children with a high-function ASD.
Materials and Methods: The research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The participants were 9 families  of  children  with  high-functioning ASD  referring to the rehabilitation centers in Tehran, Isfahan, Quds, and Kermanshah provinces, Iran. Telerehabilitation of SPARK motor program involves exercising and playing performed in 24 sessions of 45 minutes each (3 sessions per week) for 8 weeks applied for parents. The test of gross motor development-2 (TGMD-2) was used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed by paired t-test.
Results: The results showed that family-based telerehabilitation of the SPARK program significantly improved gross motor skills in children with high-functioning ASD (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that the telerehabilitation of SPARK can be helpful for families who do not have access to rehabilitation centers.