bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus) and Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) Leaf Extracts on Mortality of Aedes aegypti Larvae
Authors: Imtiyaz Andi Hilman
Published: January 2025

The vector that carries Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is Aedes aegypti. Various strategies have been implemented to control the spread of the Aedes aegypti, one of which is using temephos larvicide. The usage of temephos increases resistance to Aedes aegypti and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a bio-larvicide using ceremai leaf (Phyllanthus acidus) and zodia leaf (Evodia suaveolens). The purpose of this study was to assess the toxicity of ceremai and zodia leaf extracts on the death of Aedes aegypti larvae. This form of research is a true experiment with a Completely Randomized Design. Third-instar Aedes aegypti larvae were used as the research sample. There were seven groups, including one negative control (aquadest and tween20), one positive control (temephos 0.008%), and five treatment groups (ceremai leaf and zodia leaf extract). Larval mortality data were observed after 24 hours of exposure. The Kruskal Wallis test revealed a significant difference in death rates across groups (p : 0.020, p < 0.05). Zodia leaf extract 0.2% had the highest toxicity, while ceremai leaf extract did not show any mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. The probit test results of zodia leaf extract showed LC50 and LC90 of 0.075% and 0.121% within 24 hours of exposure. Zodia leaf ethanol extract has effectiveness as larvicide of Aedes aegypti.
Implementasi Metode Blended Learning Pada Mata Kuliah Teknik Lingkungan Melalui Integrasi Kuliah Tatap Muka Dan Praktikum Pengolahan Limbah Plastik Dengan Metode Pirolisis Di Lingkungan FTI-UII
Authors: Tamzysi Cholila , Kristriyani Lilis
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem pembelajaran yang menuntut mahasiswa agar bisa belajar lebih efektif dan memiliki kemampuan sesuai yang dibutuhkan dalam dunia kerja, juga memicu mahasiswa untuk kreatif dan antusias pada mata kuliah Teknik Lingkungan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa PSTK UII yang mengikuti mata kuliah Teknik Lingkungan tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Data dikumpulkan sesuai objek penelitian, yaitu: (1) implementasi blended learning melalui observasi dan (2) persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran melalui angket. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Metode pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dalam program ini adalah integrasi kuliah tatap muka, praktikum dan expo. Hasil pengukuran capaian dari indikator keberhasilan program adalah kemampuan mahasiswa dalam memahami dan melaksanakan praktikum pirolisis ditunjukkan dengan hasil nilai pre test, UTS, post test dan praktikum, tingkat ketercapaian pembelajaran yang dihitung dari jumlah mahasiswa dengan nilai sama dengan atau lebih tinggi dari B adalah sebesar 94% dan tingkat ketercapaian kepuasan mahasiswa dihitung dari jumlah mahasiswa yang memberikan respon setuju dan sangat setuju terhadap kegiatan praktikum dibagi dengan jumlah responden adalah sebesar 100%. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah dicapai, metode pembelajaran yang telah diusulkan akan dilanjutkan untuk masa yang akan datang, namun perlu adanya peninjauan kembali terhadap kurikulum, capaian pembelajaran mata kuliah dan pelaksanaan pre test serta post test yang berkaitan dengan kehadiran mahasiswa.
Desain Penyetaraan Aktivitas Non-Perkuliahan Program Merdeka Belajar - Kampus Merdeka Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam Universitas Islam Indonesia
Authors: Mohammad Mizan Habibi , Mir'atun Nur Arifah
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan desain penyetaraan aktivitas non-perkuliahan program merdeka belajar-kampus mengajar (MBKM) Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi pada Progam Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam Universitas Islam Indonesia. Upaya ini sebagai bagian dari fasilitasi dan respon terhadap kebijakan konversi atas aktivitas kampus mengajar dan magang yang diikuti oleh mahasiswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah focus group discussion (FGD) dan produksi konten. FGD dilakukan untuk menggali ide guna penyusunan standar tujuan, bahan kajian dan proses untuk aktivitas kampus mengajar dan magang sebagai acuan konversi ke mata kuliah, serta pedoman retrospective dan asesmen kelayakan konversi. Sedangkan produksi konten dilaksanakan untuk menyediakan konten pembelajran asinkron sebagai bentuk treatment dan fasilitasi awal bagi mahasiswa peserta program agar mendapatkan bekal materi yang memadai. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah telah tersedianya dokumen kebijakan program studi tentang penyetaraan beban belajar yang berisi standar tujuan, bahan kajian, dan proses untuk aktivitas kampus mengajar dan magang sebagai acuan konversi ke mata kuliah yang disahkan oleh dekan dan bahan ajar digital atau Video konten pembelajaran mata kuliah yang dikonversi.
Optimization of In-Situ Growth of Superconducting Al/InAs Hybrid Systems on GaAs for the Development of Quantum Electronic Circuits
Authors: Kirti Magdhi , Sütő Máté , Tóvári Endre , Makk Péter , Prok Tamás , Csonka Szabolcs , Banerjee Pritam , Rajak Piu , Ciancio Regina , Plaisier Jasper R. , Parisse Pietro , Biasiol Giorgio
Published: January 2025

Hybrid systems consisting of highly transparent channels of low-dimensional semiconductors between superconducting elements allow the formation of quantum electronic circuits. Therefore, they are among the novel material platforms that could pave the way for scalable quantum com-putation. To this aim, InAs two-dimensional electron gases are among the ideal semiconductor systems due to their vanishing Schottky barrier; however, their exploitation is limited by the una-vailability of commercial lattice-matched substrates. We show that in situ growth of supercon-ducting aluminum on two-dimensional electron gases forming in metamorphic near-surface InAs quantum wells can be performed by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates with state-of-the-art quality. Adaptation of the metamorphic growth protocol has allowed us to reach low-temperature electron mobilities up to 1.3 × 105 cm2/Vs in Si-doped InAs/In0.81Ga0.19As two-dimensional electron gases placed 10 nm from the surface with charge density up to 1 × 1012/cm2. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations on Hall bar structures show well-developed quantum Hall plateaus, including the Zeeman split features. X-ray diffraction and cross-sectional transmis-sion electron microscopy experiments demonstrate the coexistence of (011) and (111) crystal do-mains in the Al layers. The resistivity of 10-nm-thick Al films as a function of temperature was comparable to the best Al layers on GaAs, and a superconducting proximity effect was observed in a Josephson junction.
Advancing Cyber Incident Timeline Analysis Through Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Large Language Models
Authors: Loumachi Fatma Yasmine , Ghanem Mohamed Chahine , Ferrag Mohamed Amine
Published: January 2025

Cyber timeline analysis or Forensic timeline analysis is critical in Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) investigations. It involves examining artefacts and events—particularly their timestamps and associated metadata—to detect anomalies, establish correlations, and reconstruct a detailed sequence of the incident. Traditional approaches rely on processing structured artefacts, such as logs and filesystem metadata, using multiple specialised tools for evidence identification, feature extraction, and timeline reconstruction. This paper introduces an innovative framework, GenDFIR, a context-specific approach powered by large language models (LLMs) capabilities. Specifically, it proposes the use of Llama 3.1 8B in zero-shot, selected for its ability to understand cyber threat nuances, integrated with a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) agent. Our approach comprises two main stages: (1) Data Preprocessing and Structuring: Incident events, represented as textual data, are transformed into a well-structured document, forming a comprehensive knowledge base of the incident. (2) Context Retrieval and Semantic Enrichment: A RAG agent retrieves relevant incident events from the knowledge base based on user prompts. The LLM processes the pertinent retrieved-context, enabling detailed interpretation and semantic enhancement. The proposed framework was tested on synthetic cyber incident events in a controlled environment, with results assessed using DFIR-tailored, context-specific metrics designed to evaluate the framework’s performance, reliability, and robustness, supported by human evaluation to validate the accuracy and reliability of the outcomes. Our findings demonstrate the potential of LLMs in DFIR and the automation of the timeline analysis process. This approach highlights the power of Generative AI, particularly LLMs, and opens new possibilities for advanced threat detection and incident reconstruction.
NK Cell-Microbiota Interaction Biomarker Strategy: Advancing Prostate Cancer Management
Authors: Fanijavadi Sara , Hansen Torben Frøstrup , Zedan Ahmed H.
Published: January 2025

The role of natural killer (NK) cells in the management of prostate cancer (PCa) remains incompletely understood. Some have proposed that measuring NK cells in blood samples could serve as a reliable, minimally invasive tool for screening, assessing treatment effects, and predicting survival outcomes in PCa patients. Existing studies support the hypothesis that NK cell assays may be useful for screening, diagnosing, staging, and predicting patient outcomes. However, the significance of different NK cell phenotypes remains unclear. Given the interplay between NK cells and the microbiome, we hypothesize that a combined signature of NK cell phenotypes derived from blood, along with microbiome profiles from oral, urine, and stool samples, could serve as a surrogate marker for NK cell activity. Such an approach provides a practical alternative to invasive tumor biopsies by enabling the indirect assessment of NK cell function in tumors. Additionally, profiling NK cell phenotypes and their interactions with the microbiota has the potential to enhance prognostic accuracy and guide the development of personalized therapeutic strat-egies. Prospective studies are needed to validate the utility of NK cell and microbiome assays in personalized PCa management, with a focus on minimally invasive procedures and predictive signatures for treatment outcomes.
The Neonatal Microbiome: Implications for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Eisen Andrew , Kiernan Matthew
Published: January 2025

Most brain development occurs in the "first 1000 days" a critical period from conception to a child's second birthday. Critical brain processes that occur during this time include synaptogenesis, myelination, neural pruning and formation of functioning neuronal circuits. Perturbations during the first 1000 days likely contribute to later-life neurodegenerative disease including sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neurodevelopment is determined by many events, including the maturation and colonization of the infant microbiome and its metabolites, specifically neurotransmitters, immune modulators, vitamins and short chain fatty acids. Successful microbiome maturation and gut-brain axis function depends on maternal factors (stress, exposure to toxins during pregnancy), mode of delivery, quality of the postnatal environment, diet after weaning from breast milk and nutritional deficiencies. While the neonatal microbiome is highly plastic, it remains prone to dysbiosis which, once established, may persist into adulthood, thereby inducing development of chronic inflammation and abnormal excitatory/inhibitory balance resulting in neural excitation. Both are recognized as key pathophysiological processes in the development of ALS.
Living Coral Displays, Research Laboratories, and Biobanks as Important Reservoirs of Chemodiversity with Potential for Biodiscovery
Authors: Calado Ricardo , Leal Miguel C. , Silva Ruben X. G. , Borba Mara , Ferro António , Almeida Mariana , Madeira Diana , Vieira Helena
Published: January 2025

Over the last decades, bioprospecting of corals has revealed numerous bioactive compounds with potential for biotechnological applications. However, this search involves sampling in natural coral reefs, and this is currently framed by multiple ethical and technological constraints. Living coral displays, research laboratories, and biobanks currently offer an opportunity to continue to unravel coral chemodiversity, acting as “Noah's Arks” that may continue to support the bioprospecting of molecules of interest. This issue is even more relevant if one considers that coral reefs currently face unprecedent threats and irreversible losses that may impair the biodiscovery of molecules with potential for new products, processes, and services. Coral livings displays provide controlled environments for studying corals and producing both known and new metabolites under varied conditions, not being prone to common bottlenecks associated with bioprospecting in natural coral reefs, such as loss of the source and replicability. Research laboratories may focus on a particular coral species or bioactive compound, using corals that were cultured ex-situ, although they may differ from wild conspecifics in metabolite production, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. Biobanks collect and preserve coral specimens, tissues, cells and/or information (e.g., genes, associated microorganisms), that offer a plethora of data to support the study of bioactive compounds’ mode of action, yet having to cope with issues related to access, standardization, and regulatory compliance. Bioprospecting in these settings faces several challenges and opportunities. On one side, it is difficult to ensure the complexity of highly biodiverse ecosystems that shape the production and chemodiversity in corals. On the other side, it is possible to maximize biomass production and fine tune the synthesis of metabolites of interest under highly controlled environments. Collaborative efforts are needed to overcome barriers and foster opportunities to fully harness the chemodiversity of corals, before the in-depth knowledge of this pool of metabolites is irreversibly lost due to coral reef degradation.
Competitive Dynamics of Mexican Fresh Grapes in the U.S. Market
Authors: Cano-Espinosa Domicio , Méndez-León Jaciel Ramses
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates the competitive performance of Mexican fresh grape exports in the United States market from 2002 to 2022. Over this period, Mexican exports exhibited a pronounced declining trend, while competitors such as Chile and Peru significantly increased their market shares. Employing the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index and the Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA), the growth dynamics of export performance were systematically decomposed. The findings reveal a substantial contraction in Mexico’s export volumes and market share, which plummeted from 27.5% in 2002 to a mere 6.1% in 2022, alongside a marked decline in its RCA from 2.4 to 0.3. In stark contrast, Peru demonstrated remarkable growth, expanding its market share from 0.7% to 39.4%, driven by structural advantages and superior competitiveness. While Chile maintained consistent export volumes, it experienced a relative decline in market share, ceding ground to emerging players like Peru. The analysis underscores the structural and competitive challenges confronting Mexico in the U.S. fresh grape market, emphasizing the urgent need for strategic policy interventions. These should focus on enhancing productivity, capitalizing on market opportunities, and bolstering agricultural competitiveness. Peru’s success underscores the critical role of dynamic production strategies and alignment with evolving market demands in securing sustained export growth.
PENGARUH REDUKSI DIMENSI PADA CLUSTERING CITRA DAUN TOMAT MENGGUNAKAN DARKNET19 DAN K-MEANS
Authors: Rachmad Aeri , Holilur Rohman Muhammad , Setiawan Wahyudi
Published: January 2025

Image Clustering adalah pengelompokan citra dari kelas tanpa label sebelumnya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan citra clustering dengan data daun tomato leaf panthogen sebanyak 900 citra yang terdiri dari 3 cluster yaitu Bacterial Spot, Yellow Leaf Curl Virus dan Healthy. Pada setiap cluster memiliki 300 citra. Langkah awal yang dilakukan adalah ekstraksi fitur menggunakan DarkNet19. DarkNet19 menerapkan beberapa parameter seperti epoch sebanyak 160 dengan menggunakan Stochastic Gradient Descent, Learning Rate dimulai dari 0.01, weight decay 0.0005, dan augmentasi data termasuk random crops, rotations, hue, saturation, and exposure shifts. Selain ekstraksi fitur, pada penelitian ini juga melakukan pengurangan dimensi menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Selanjutnya, proses clustering menggunakan K-Means Clustering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat akurasi dalam proses Clustering penyakit daun tomat menggunakan metode CNN DarkNet19, PCA dan K-Means. Hasil klastering yang terbaik menggunakan K-Means Clustering dengan PCA 20 yang menghasilkan accuracy 97.7%, precission 97.73%, dan recall 97.67% dengan waktu komputasi 1 menit 16 detik.Kata Kunci: Image Clustering, Penyakit Daun Tomat, DarkNet19, Principal Component Analysis, K-Means Clustering.
PREDIKSI NASABAH KREDIT USAHA RAKYAT MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA C4.5
Authors: Yadi Yadi
Published: January 2025

Banking is a financial institution that collects all public funds in the form of deposits and manages these funds to maintain liquidity and security in processing funds aimed at maximizing profits. Banks must provide financial traffic services needed by all customers for both internal and external transactions. Some programs offered by banks in providing financial services include the provision of micro-business credit (KUR) aimed at improving the community's economy. However, the problem that arises in the potential provision of KUR assistance is that it often misses the target, resulting in many customers not optimally receiving financial services. C4.5 Algorithm is an accurate data mining method used for data prediction and processing for decision making. This research aims to predict banking customers in providing KUR using the C4.5 algorithm. The methodology used is the Cross-Industry Standard Process Model for Data Mining, employing the C4.5 algorithm. The prediction results of micro-business credit recipients using the C4.5 algorithm are excellent, as seen from the calculation of entropy value of 0.97 and gain value of 0.69, as well as the formation of decision trees with several determinant data sets such as data from the Ministry of Home Affairs, OJK's Slik, repayment capacity, types of businesses, and locations. The optimization of the C4.5 algorithm in data processing helps in determining customers more optimally, reducing mis-targeted micro-business credit assistance.Keywords: Customer, Algorithm C4.5, Data mining
PERBANDINGAN KINERJA ALGORITMA APRIORI DAN EQUIVALENCE CLASS TRANSFORMATION (ECLAT) DALAM MENEMUKAN POLA PEMBELIAN PADA DATA TRANSAKSI MINIMARKET
Authors: Handika I Putu Susila , Susila Satwika I Kadek
Published: January 2025

This study compares the performance of the Apriori and ECLAT algorithms in analyzing sales transaction data from a minimarket. The research focuses on examining both algorithms' efficiency in terms of execution time and memory usage when identifying frequent itemsets and generating association rules. Given the limited variety of products sold in a minimarket, a lower minimum support (0.001) and minimum confidence (0.005) were applied to ensure meaningful results, as higher thresholds resulted in no significant findings. The first test evaluated the time required to find frequent itemsets, revealing that ECLAT consistently outperformed Apriori with an average execution time of 0.71634 seconds compared to Apriori's 4.88256 seconds. The second test assessed the time taken to generate association rules, where ECLAT again showed slightly better performance, averaging 0.01352 seconds versus Apriori's 0.01618 seconds. Memory usage tests showed that ECLAT was more efficient, using an average of 0.12436 MB to find frequent itemsets and 0.01052 MB to generate association rules, compared to Apriori's 0.1385 MB and 0.01136 MB, respectively. The results indicate that the ECLAT algorithm is generally more effective for analyzing sales transactions in a minimarket environment, particularly when handling large datasets and when computational efficiency is critical. The findings provide valuable insights for selecting the appropriate algorithm to optimize marketing strategies and inventory management in retail settings.Keywords: Market Basket Analysis, Apriori, Assocation Rule, ECLAT
Dialog Antar Umat Beragama Dalam Agama Katolik (Analisis Terhadap Pemikiran Franz Magnis Suseno)
Authors: Andika Andika , Halim Abdul , Mubarak Zaki
Published: January 2025

This research aims to describe the concept of dialogue between religious communities based on culture. Franz Magnis Suseno, a Catholic theologian in Indonesia has unique thoughts about building dialogue between religious communities based on culture which has implications for strengthening religious identity and multiculturalism. In analyzing the problems above, this research uses a qualitative approach through literature study. The results of this research show that the theological and cultural-based concept of inter-religious dialogue built by Franz Magnis Suseno is motivated by the spirit of culturation which is divided into three concepts, namely the concept of inculturation dialogue, interiority dialogue, and integral dialogue. This research concludes that the concept of dialogue between religious communities based on theology and culture is relevant in building harmonious religious life in Indonesia.
Hyflex Project-based Learning and Students' High Order Thinking Skills: Its Impact and Relevance
Authors: Rochmahwati Pryla , Syah Nur Aini , Makmun Nadiah
Published: January 2025

Studies on project-based learning advocate the importance of cultivating high order thinking skills yet, little attention was paid to its implementation in the hybrid learning environment. This study aims to investigate the impact of blended project-based learning on critical thinking skills for students with different motivation level in the Academic writing course at IAIN Ponorogo. Using a Single Group of quasy-experimental design, this study investigated the impact of hyflex project-based learning in improving high order thinking skills within 30 students enrolled in an Academic Writing course. The study revealed considerable evidence that hyflex project-based learning is effective for improving students’ HOTs. Educators are recommended to embrace this hyflex and project-based learning into their curricula to harness the benefits of this innovative learning model.
Boosting Students’ Writing Proficiency through the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) Method: Effective Strategies and Outcomes
Authors: Puspitasari Desi , Mayza Elita Pretty Enggal
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine whether there is a significant difference in the writing skills of tenth-grade students taught using Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) and students taught using Think Pair Share (TPS). This research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. This study used two classes: one class as an experimental group, while one class was used as a control group. The population taken came from class X students at SMKN 1 Ponorogo, with a total sample of 35 students. Data were collected through tests and then analyzed using the t-test formula to assess whether there was a significant difference in writing skills between students taught using the STAD technique and those taught using the TPS technique. The results of this study showed that the average value of the experimental class was 86.35, while the average value of the control class was 73.67. It indicates a difference in mean scores between the two classes. In addition, the t-test results show a significant value of 0.000, which is smaller than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between student writing skills using STAD and those using TPS.
Interdependent Construction: Translation Techniques and Translation Quality Assessment on Let’s Read Digital Library Children’s Book
Authors: Kurnianingtyas Sri Agung Winantu , Fitriani Aries
Published: January 2025

This study investigates translation techniques and translation quality in the Let's Read Digital Children's Story Book. Molina and Albir's theory is used to identify translation techniques, and the modification theory of translation assessment is applied to measure the quality of the translated text. A qualitative method was conducted, and documentation was applied to gain the data within five distinctive title stories of 120 sentences. Then, those data were analysed through content analysis. Ten translation techniques of the eighteen were applied in translating the text: literal, addition, modulation, reduction, calque, transposition, description, reformulation, compensation, and borrowing. Meanwhile, these stories are transferred well within almost 74.4% messages of the text was translated accurately. Furthermore, the aspect of the grammatical construction of the text can be replaced into the target text's construction without any destruction. Then, the translated text was mainly understandable for the target readers, for instance, the students at the primary level or young English learners. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Let's Read Digital Library Children's Book be used as media for the primary level in learning English as a second language, especially in learning reading.
Lateral Melt Variations induce Shift in Io’s Peak Tidal Heating
Authors: Veenstra Allard , Navarro Marc Rovira , Wal Wouter van der , Steinke Teresa , Davies Ashley
Published: January 2025

The innermost Galilean moon, Io, exhibits widespread tidally-driven volcanism. Monitoring of its volcanoes has revealed that they are not homogeneously distributed across its surface: volcanic activity is higher at low latitudes and peaks east of the sub- and anti-Jovian points. The observed longitudinal shift in volcanic activity has been presented as evidence of Io having a fluid magma ocean, as dissipation in a radially symmetric solid body cannot explain it. Here, we simulate the feedback between tidal heating and melt production in a solid body and demonstrate that a longitudinal shift in the heating pattern naturally arises from the feedback. Our results provide an alternative explanation for the observed volcanic heat flux without requiring a fluid magma ocean. The feedback between tidal dissipation and interior properties that results in interiors that deviate from radial symmetry is expected to drive the interior evolution of other tidally-active worlds, including icy moons such as Europa and Enceladus and exo-planets/moons with high eccentricity or obliquity.
Double burden, poverty and sustainable development in Brazil between 2015-2023
Authors: Conde Wolney Lisboa , de Figueiredo Kathleen Reichow , de Assis João Luiz Pereira , Silva Isabela Venancio da , Aires Isabel Oliveira , Silva Tamiris Ramos , Wenzel Daniela
Published: January 2025

Background: Stunting is a marker of chronic malnutrition associated with adverse socioeconomic conditions and health inequities. In Brazil, despite general improvements in nutritional indicators, stunting prevalence has remained stagnant since 2006. Public policies aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) play a crucial role in addressing these disparities.
Objective: analyze the effects of SDGs policies on changes of the frequency and distribution of the double burden of nutrition disease among Brazilian children from 2015 to 2023, considering regional disparities and the impact of clusters of public policies aligned with the SDGs.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted using data from SISVAN and the Sustainable Cities Development Index (IDCS). Latent class analysis was used to group municipalities into clusters of public policies. Fixed and random-effects regression models were applied to evaluate the association between policy clusters and stunting prevalence. Projections of stunting prevalence were performed up to 2030 under different policy scenarios.
Results: Clusters of public policies showed an association with stunting prevalence, highlighting significant regional disparities. Municipalities with robust policies exhibited lower rates, while vulnerable areas faced greater challenges. Despite an increase in SISVAN coverage, significant inequalities persisted.
Conclusion: Strengthening integrated public policies and expanding the coverage of nutritional surveillance systems are essential to reducing regional disparities and achieving the SDGs. Evidence-based strategies should prioritize vulnerable populations to promote greater health equity in Brazil.
De novo genome assembly and comparative genome analysis of the novel human fungal pathogen Trichosporon austroamericanum type-strain CBS 17435
Authors: Francisco Elaine C. , Desnos-Ollivier Marie , Ende Bert Gerrits van den , Hagen Ferry
Published: January 2025

Trichosporon austroamericanum is a recently described species recognized for its emerging clinical significance in invasive trichosporonosis. In this study, we present the nanopore long-read-based de novo genome assembly of the type-strain CBS 17435. Additionally, we performed genomic comparative analyses with its closest relative, Trichosporon inkin.
Lack of Provision of Social and Emotional Information about Down Syndrome Associated with Negative Prenatal Diagnosis Experiences
Authors: Meredith Stephanie , Kleinert Harold L. , Li Jian , Weiss Sierra , Drummond Jonathan
Published: January 2025

Objective
To determine how physician adherence to recommended practices for discussing Down syndrome impacts patient experiences, and which of these recommendations most correlate with positive prenatal patient experiences.
Method
Online surveys were distributed to mothers of children with DS born between 2016–2021. The descriptions of prenatal experiences were assigned sentiment analysis scores: positive, negative, or neutral. The scores were then compared against the adherence of clinicians to recommended practices for delivering prenatal screening results.
Results
Of the 167 patients in this study, over 50% described a negative experience. The odds of having a neutral/positive diagnosis experience were about 18 times greater for those patients whose physicians adhered to all seven social recommendations. The odds of having a positive/neutral screening experience were 11.4 times greater for those patients whose physicians adhered to both emotional recommendations (not saying “I’m sorry” or conveying the diagnosis as bad news”). Most of the variance in the patient diagnosis experience was attributed to adherence to emotional recommendations and social recommendations.
Conclusion
To meet the needs of patients, obstetricians need to address their emotional, social, and informational needs by providing 1) access to balanced and accurate information about disabilities and 2) being better trained on sensitive communications.
Note: “Diagnosis experiences” include both patients receiving diagnostic results and the cell-free DNA screening results. Most parents of children with Down syndrome do not proceed with diagnostic testing, and the vast majority (89%) consider screening the most important stage for receiving information about DS.( Meredith et al., 2023)
First investigation of seasonal changes in the ecological and anatomical traits of Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Kuntze (Compositae) on the Andaman coasts, Thailand
Authors: Meksuwan Yurachat , Sutthinon Pornsawan , Fontaneto Diego , Meksuwan Phuripong
Published: January 2025

Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Kuntze, a creeping herb native to the Andaman coasts of Southern Thailand, faces significant threats from habitat loss and environmental changes following the 2004 tsunami. This study investigated its ecological and anatomical characteristics across four coastal sites in Phuket and Phang-Nga Provinces. Sampling was conducted during the rainy season (November 2023) and the dry season (April 2024). Results revealed shoot density and below-ground fresh weight were highest during the rainy season and at moderately sunny sites. The chlorophyll a/b ratio varied between seasons and sites, while the total chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio differed between sites but not seasons. Leaf anatomical features showed significant seasonal differences. Epidermis (upper and lower), mesophyll thickness, and upper epidermal cell area were greater during the dry season, but lower epidermal cell area showed no variation. In upper-layer soil, chloride content varied by season, while sand, clay, magnesium, and pH differed between sites. In lower-layer soil, sand, silt, chloride, and magnesium varied seasonally, while nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium differed by site. Climatic variables also varied; air temperatures were lower, and relative humidity was higher during the rainy season, with the coolest, most humid conditions at moderately sunny sites. In summary, the favorable conditions of L. sarmentosa likely include moderately sunny environment, humid soil, and a high clay content, which were associated with higher shoot density and biomass, emphasizing the importance of seasonal and site-specific factors in promoting the growth and survival of L. sarmentosa in natural populations.
Assessment of Medical Foundation Models for Survival Prediction with Whole Slide Images
Authors: Menand Elena Spirina
Published: January 2025

Survival prediction with whole slide images (WSIs) can provide guidance for a better patient care and treatment selection but it is a challenging computer vision task with its particularities. Despite the great results showed by the recent survival analysis models with WSIs, the collection of the large annotated WSI datasets for survival analysis could be hindered by disease rareness or clinical trials constraints and be infeasible in the real-life medical practice. To overcome these limitations we propose to assess the performance of the digital pathology foundation models for prediction of survival outcomes on the small size ovarian cancer datasets. Our experimental results demonstrate that these models show promising results, their improved performance open the possibility to investigate the mechanisms of response to a particular therapy and in general could accelerate the adoption of machine learning models in medical practice.
A Framework and Taxonomy for Categorizing Industrial Symbiosis in Manufacturing
Authors: Jakobs Lars , Hofer Angelika , Rauch Erwin
Published: January 2025

The industrial sector is a significant contributor to global waste, discarding vast amounts annually, which results in both environmental pollution and economic losses. A promising solution is industrial symbiosis (IS), where companies (often from different industries) identify synergies and engage in the exchange of materials, energy, water, and by-products, aiming to close the loop and enhance resource efficiency. Despite growing interest and numerous examples, comprehensive taxonomies for categorizing IS practices in manufacturing remain scarce, as existing studies often focus on individual case studies. This study addresses this gap by proposing a new general taxonomy for the manufacturing sector. Relevant studies were analyzed and synthesized through a systematic literature review of 61 studies, with 22 selected for in-depth analysis of existing IS taxonomies. The findings were refined and validated through iterative expert input, resulting in a three-level taxonomy comprising 4 primary categories, 26 secondary categories, and 119 tertiary categories. The proposed classification provides a holistic framework tailored to the manufacturing sector, enabling practitioners and researchers to gain deeper insights into IS networks and develop effective IS strategies. Future research should validate these categories through empirical studies and explore their practical applications in different manufacturing settings.
Microbial Masters: Endosymbionts’ Influence on Insect Nutrition and Ecological Balance
Authors:   Division of Entomology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110012, India., Manideep Sake , Bhandari Tulasi ,   Division of Entomology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110012, India., H Godavari ,   Division of Entomology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110012, India., Manoj Marella Sai , Sharma Preeti , S M Ranjitha , Samreen Samreen , Das Sudipa , Reddy JagadamRupali , Madhuri E Vidya , Saw Gouranga , N Keerthika , Pasch Amit Umesh
Published: January 2025

Endosymbiosis, a specific form of symbiosis, involves one organism residing inside another and has a pivotal role in the evolution of eukaryotic organisms. Insects, thriving globally due to their adaptable diets, harbor endosymbionts in various body regions, notably near the digestive tracts. Endosymbionts play a vital role in insect nutrition, nitrogen recycling, amino acid provisioning, manipulation of plant phenotypes, detoxification of plant secondary metabolites, and pest management strategies, such as reproductive manipulation and pathogen interference. Microbial associations of insects can impact ecological communities by altering the dynamics of plant interactions with both competitors and natural adversaries of their insect hosts. The study of endosymbiosis in insects faces challenges such as the complexity of symbiotic relationships and the specificity of host interactions, requiring advanced techniques and interdisciplinary approaches. Despite these challenges, it elucidates the crucial roles of endosymbionts in insect nutrition, plant-insect interactions, and pest management, offering insights for sustainable agriculture and effective pest control strategies. An attempt is made to explain the role of endosymbionts and insect-plant interactions with promising literature. This review focuses on the significance of endosymbionts in insect biology, their functions, pest management strategies, challenges, and prospects.
Impact of Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM) Module in Bengalgram For Enhancing Yields
Authors:   Subject Matter Specialist, Plant Protection, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur (Nizamabad), Telangana India., Kumar Sri. P. Vijay , Suresh M. ,   Subject Matter Specialist, Plant Protection, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur (Nizamabad), Telangana India., Srilaxmi B. ,   Subject Matter Specialist, Agromet, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur (Nizamabad), Telangana India., Rajkumar B. V ,   Subject Matter Specialist, Horticulture, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur (Nizamabad), Telangana India., Swetha M. ,   Subject Matter Specialist, Agril. Extension, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur (Nizamabad), Telangana India., Kumar S. Naveen ,   Programme coordinator,Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur (Nizamabad), Telangana, India.
Published: January 2025

The Front line demonstration was carried out during 2021-22 and 2022-23 Rabi seasons
in farmers fields covering 0.4 ha each by the active participation of farmers with the objective to
demonstrate the improved technologies to evaluate the efficacy of Integrated pest and disease
management practices over farmer’s practices against control over Gram podborer (Helicoverpa
armigera Hubner), Dry root rot and Fusarium wilt damage as they were major concern to
farmers for reducing the yields during crop season in the farmers fields. The results revealed that
the incidence of gram pod borer, Dry root rot and Fusarium was recorded comparatively less in
Integrated Pest and disease Management (IPDM) plot as compared to farmers’ practices. The
Seed yield was recorded higher in the IPDM plots (2035 kg ha -1 , 1830 kg ha -1 ) compared to
farmers’practices (1825 kg ha -1 , 1760 kg ha -1 ). IPDM module also recorded higher gross return
(Rs. 91,575 ha -1 , Rs. 96,990 ha -1 )with net profits (Rs. 66,825 ha -1 , 72240 ha -1 ) as well as benefit
cost ratio (3.71:1 , 3.93:1) as compared to farmers’ practices (gross return of Rs. 82125 ha -1 ,
93280 ha -1 ) with net profits of Rs. 53,625 ha -1 , 61,530 ha -1 ) and benefit cost ratio of (2.89:1,
2.94:1) during the two consecutive years 2021-22 and 2022-23 of rabi seasons respectively. The
improved technology gave higher gross returns, net returns with higher benefit cost ratio than
farmer’s practices with environmental friendly approach.
137Cs accumulation by woody plants and edible mushrooms at the «Taiga» peaceful nuclear explosions site
Authors: Ramzaev V. P. , Repin V. S.
Published: January 2025

In 1971 in the Perm region (the Russian Federation), three thermonuclear charges of the “Taiga” series were simultaneously detonated in order to test nuclear explosive technologies for creation of the Pechora-Kama canal. As a result of the underground explosions, long-lived technogenic radionuclides were released onto the surface of the earth along with soil and rock. Over time, a new forest ecosystem formed on the mound of the radioactively contaminated ground. The purpose of this study was to assess the 137Cs accumulation by woody plants and edible mushrooms at the “Taiga” underground nuclear explosions site at a remote stage (38 years) after radioactive contamination of the environment. Content of 137Cs was determined in organs of birch (Betula pubescens), spruce (Picea abies), aspen (Populus tremula), and pine (Pinus sylvestris), as well as in the fruiting bodies of mushrooms of the species Boletus edulis, Leccinum aurantiacum, Russula, and Suillus luteus. The activities of 137Cs in the samples were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry using a HPGe detector. The values of 137Cs activity concentration (on a dry weight basis) in the samples of wood, leaves/needles (1st year), and mushrooms were in the ranges of 0.5–6.8 Bq/kg, 54–112 Bq/kg, and 212-3260 Bq/kg, respectively. Aggregated transfer coefficients (kg/m2) for the radionuclide in the biota species were calculated using these results and previously reported data on the density of soil contamination by 137Cs at the “Taiga” site. It has been found that the transfer coefficients of 137Cs from soil to biota for all studied species at the “Taiga” site are abnormally low compared to those obtained by many authors for other places of radioactive contamination, in particular for the areas contaminated by 137Cs as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Possible reasons for the low accumulation of 137Cs in the biota at the “Taiga” site are discussed.
Comparative analysis of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and alpha spectrometry methods to measure plutonium activity in biosubstrates
Authors: Batalov V. R. , Ishunina M. V. , Efimov A. V. , Sokolova A. B.
Published: January 2025

Currently, the most common methods to measure the activity of transuranium elements in biological samples are alpha radiometry and alpha spectrometry. Of these, alpha spectrometry is the most sensitive and selective method. However, this method is not sufficiently sensitive to control hardly soluble compounds of plutonium in the human body. For example, upon an intake of hardly soluble compounds of plutonium at the level of annual limit of intake, a year later, Pu in a daily urine sample is expected to be 0.4 mBq. Since the lower limit of measurement of alpha spectrometry is about 0.5 mBq, during the first 2 years as minimum, the workers who have contact with hardly soluble compounds of plutonium are not provided with a reliable monitoring of intakes. To solve this problem, a new technique of analysis was developed based on the plutonium activity measurement using the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This technique allows measuring plutonium by mass spectrometer in daily urine samples and blood samples after separation from interfering isotopes by anionic exchange chromatography. The method takes much less measurement time and is much more sensitive to long-lived isotopes. It enables reducing the lower limit of measurement by a factor of five compared to the alpha spectrometry method. Also, the technique for the first time allows to measure separately the activity of plutonium-239 isotopes and plutonium-240 isotopes, the energies of which are indistinguishable on alpha spectra. The plutonium activity was measured by the two methods in parallel in 88 daily urine samples collected from the personnel of the federal state unitary enterprise “Mayak Production Association” working primarily with hardly soluble compounds of plutonium. The analysis of the measurements of these samples demonstrated no statistically significant differences between the results obtained. Also, these results testify to better applicability of mass spectrometry for the activities below the lower limit of measurement of alpha spectrometry. The developed method of analysis can be applied to estimate the levels of current intake of hardly soluble compounds of plutonium, for retrospective dosimetry and as an express method to obtain the intake estimates by the plutonium activity in blood in non-routine situations.
Tamoxifen and Sodium Thiosulfate Reduces Hepatic and Renal Damage Induced by Xanthium Strumarium L. Through Controlling Mitochondrial Permeability
Authors: ALKAÇ ZELİHA KESKİN , KORKAK FATİH AHMET , DAĞOĞLU GÜRDAL , ERÖKSÜZ YESARİ , TANYILDIZI SADETTİN
Published: January 2025

Xanthium strumarium is toxic and causes cell death as a result of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Tamoxifen (TAM) is an anticancer agent that prevents the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP) and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sodium thiosulfate (STS) is a hepatoprotective agent with antioxidant effect. In this study, the therapeutic effects of TAM and STS on liver and kidney toxicity caused by X. strumarium were investigated. For this purpose, 35 female Sprague- Dawley rats were used. Rats were administered TAM and STS 6 and 24 hours after X. strumarium seeds extract administration. The rats were sacrificed 2 hours after the last administration. Increased serum biochemistry parameters and decreased glucose levels following X. strumarium toxicity approached the control group with TAM and STS treatment. Oxidative stress, which was more pronounced in liver tissue, decreased with TAM and STS treatment. mPTP opening was blocked by TAM-containing groups, whereas the increased ATP-synthase activity was decreased by TAM and STS alone and in combination. However, both compounds were effective in reducing histopathologic damage limited to liver tissue. The reduction of liver and kidney damage by TAM and STS in X. strumarium toxicity suggests the potential use of these compounds for treatment in case of poisoning.