bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double inertial extrapolations method for solving split generalized equilibrium, fixed point and variational inequity problems
Authors: Ugboh James Abah , Oboyi Joseph , Nabwey Hossam A. , Igiri Christiana Friday , Akutsah Francis , Narain Ojen Kumar
Published: March 2024

This article proposes an iteration algorithm with double inertial extrapolation steps for approximating a common solution of split equilibrium problem, fixed point problem and variational inequity problem in the framework of Hilbert spaces. Unlike several existing methods, our algorithm is designed such that its implementation does not require the knowledge of the norm of the bounded linear operator and the value of the Lipschitz constant. The proposed algorithm does not depend on any line search rule. The method uses a self-adaptive step size which is allowed to increase from iteration to iteration. Furthermore, using some mild assumptions, we establish a strong convergence theorem for the proposed algorithm. Lastly, we present a numerical experiment to show the efficiency and the applicability of our proposed iterative method in comparison with some well-known methods in the literature. Our results unify, extend and generalize so many results in the literature from the setting of the solution set of one problem to the more general setting common solution set of three problems.
Outcomes of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation from a De novo ECMO Center During Resource Limited Settings of SARS-nCOV2 Pandemic: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Manish Dhawan , Joshi Aditya , Madabushi Shyam , Nair Rajeev , Kumar Krishna Mylavarapu
Published: March 2024

Background:

Outcomes of Veno-Venous extracoporeal membrane oxygenation during resource limited settings of SARS-nCOV2 pandemic from a denovo ECMO centre.

Methods:

Adult patients with age more than 18 years on VV-ECMO were evaluated on the duration of the onset of symptoms to hospital admissions (direct or referred); mechanical ventilation; time to initiate ECMO, Murray score, PaCO2, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio; associated organ injury; duration of intensive care unit; hospital stay; and mortality.

Results:

From 01 Jun 2020 to 30 May 2022, eight patients were placed on VV-ECMO. The mean age of cannulation was 46 years. Two (25%) patients were health-care workers. The mean Murray score, PaCO2, and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio were 3.375, 72.5 mmHg, and 65.98, respectively. The average time to initiate ECMO was 8.375 days from the time of admission, with an average duration of ECMO of 16.375 days. One (12.5%) survived the intervention and was discharged uneventfully.

Conclusions:

Delayed initiation of VV-ECMO in severe SARS-nCoV2 acute respiratory distress syndrome may result in higher mortality and worse outcomes.
Gangrenous Gallbladder Perforation: Varied Presentation, Management, and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Mishra K. P. , Mishra Aabhas
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Gangrenous cholecystitis (GC) is a serious complication associated with cholecystitis and usually presents with greater mortality than uncomplicated cholecystitis. It may be associated with cholelithiasis or can be due to acalculous cholecystitis. Acalculous cholecystitis is usually associated with elderly age and or associated with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary artery disease, and chronic debilitated bedridden patients. Since these patients are elderly, have other symptomatology of chronic illnesses, and usually suffer from peripheral neuropathy, the diagnosis can be missed in initial stages. We present here a case series of five patients with GC who presented in whom the diagnosis was missed initially and subsequent surgical intervention resulted in rapid recovery.

Material and Methods:

The aim of this study was to emphasize on the importance of keeping index of suspicion and early surgical intervention in such cases to prevent morbidity and mortality. Patients studied in this case series were initially admitted to the medical ward and surgical consult was sought later. Delay in seeking surgical consult ranged from 1 to 4 days. All of them underwent cross-sectional imaging in form of contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen and subsequent open cholecystectomy based on imaging findings of perforated gallbladder, intraoperatively these patients were found to have perforated gallbladder secondary to GC.

Results:

Out of the five patients studied, 3 (60%) were female and 2 (40%) were male, with a mean age of 64.5 (55–73) years. DM constitute most frequently accompanying medical issues (80%). Surgical site infection was seen as the most common postoperative complication. Longer delay time before diagnosis was determined as independent risk factor affecting morbidity and mortality.
Comparison of Cognitive Patterns in Treatment-naive Schizophrenia and First-episode Bipolar Affective Disorder
Authors: Singh Nikhil , Malik Rani , Kaushik Sakshi
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Neurobiological understanding of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder has revealed presence of structural brain changes in areas of brain controlling cognition. These cognitive deficits have been hypothesized to have been present as endophenotype which further deteriorate and precipitate mood episode and psychotic episode. The presence of these deficits early in the course of illness only supports the hypothesis. The study was conducted with the aim to describe the cognitive pattern in patients with treatment naiive schizophrenia and first episode bipolar affective disorder and to study the correlation between the deficits and severity of disorder.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in a zonal service hospital wherein successive patients of BPAD and schizophrenia, between the age group of 20-45 years, studied at least up to class 5, with no evidence of past psychiatric or neurological illness or other physical comorbidity were included in the study. Age and sex matched unrelated controls were selected from the general population. The groups where administered PGI memory scale, Bhatia’s short battery of performance test for adults and Verbal assessment of intelligence scale for adults (VAIS) by the clinical psychologist. Symptom severity was scored on PANSS, YMRS and HAM-D respectively. SPSS program for windows, version 17.0 was used. Continuous variables were compared using ANOVA. Categorical variables were analysed using the chi square test.

Results:

There was significant deficit in cognitive functioning in treatment naive schizophrenia and first episode BPAD compared to matched controls. The cognitive domain of visual retention was comparatively more impaired in patients with BPAD. Other cognitive domains did not show any difference between the two groups. The cognitive deficits in patients with bipolar disorder did not show any correlation with symptom severity (YMRS, HAM-D) whereas negative symptoms in schizophrenia showed positive correlation with dysfunction in memory scale and performance tests.

Conclusion:

The findings of our study was in line with the existing literature. The presence of cognitive deficits in treatment naiive schizophrenia and first episode bipolar disorder confirms the neuropathological hypothesis of the disorders and challenges the dichotomy of the two disorders.
Clinical Outcome of Dinoprostone Vaginal Pessary and Dinoprostone Intracervical Gel on Induction of Labor: An Observational Study
Authors: Singh Chandan , Tangri Manoj K. , Maiti G. D. , Priya N. Mohana , Lele Prasad R. , Jose Tony , Sharma Prashant
Published: March 2024

Background:

Labor induction is a common and essential procedure in obstetrics. Various new formulations of prostaglandins are currently being used for labor induction. Trials are being conducted regularly using new formulations to see the efficacy and outcome of labor induction.

Materials and Methods:

Prospective observational study was conducted to compare the clinical outcome of dinoprostone pessary (DP) and intracervical dinoprostone gel (DG) on induction of labor. The objectives were to study the efficacy on induction-to-delivery duration, to compare the time taken from application to initiation of labor, and the number of applications required. The study also compared the need for oxytocin augmentation, cesarean rate, and neonatal outcomes after delivery.

Results:

In the DP group, 86.7% of patients required single application and 68.4% of patients in the DG group required double application. In 91.6% of patients in the DG group and 68.3% of patients in the DP group labor were initiated in <12 h. About 11.7% in the DP group and 6.7% of patients in the DG group required more than 24 h for labor initiation. Requirement of oxytocin augmentation was less in the DP group compared to the DG group (48.3% vs. 53.3%). Requirement of cesarean delivery was 40% in the DP group and 26.7% in the DG group, and the difference was not statistically significant. Ninety percentage among DP groups and 100% in DG groups were having clear liquor. No patient in either group delivered neonate with Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration (APGAR) <7 at 1 min and <9 in 5 min or required neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.

Conclusion:

In patients with similar demographic and obstetric profiles, DG had a faster induction-to-delivery time. DG had faster initiation of labor within 12 h. There was no significant difference in the requirement of augmentation with oxytocin in either group. Delivery outcomes such as cesarean rate, meconium-stained liquor, neonatal APGAR, and NICU admission were comparable in both groups.
Wound Coverage Considerations for Leg Defects: Our Experience
Authors: Mishra Bharat , Dang Shivam , Chatterjee Pallab , Pratap Pranay
Published: March 2024

Background:

Lower limb injuries are common and account for 40-50% of emergency department visits. These injuries occur frequently in poly-trauma, which remains a leading cause of long hospitalization, disability and death for all ages. Clinical treatment of these injuries poses a great challenge because the surgeons need to face serious complications such as shock, wound coverage and infection, and has to choose a right time to deal with the combined fractures and injuries of the blood vessels, nerves and tendons. The aim of this study is to study clinical profile and management of various below knee soft tissue injuries.

Methods:

This study was conducted in two tertiary care centres of Northern India. Subjects were recruited from patients presenting in Emergency/Surgery OPD, a primary diagnosis of lower limb soft tissue injuries.

Results:

A total of 125 patients with lower limb injuries were included in the study. Different treatment options were individualized and exercised which included skin grafting (49.6%), flap coverage (44%) primary closure (4.8%) and skin substitutes like Integra (1.6%). While in 46 wounds (36.8%) negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) VAC was used. It was observed that 92 patients (73.6%) underwent surgery only once whereas 33(26.4%) patients had to undergo surgery 2 or more times.

Conclusion:

The aim of surgical treatment in lower limb reconstructions is maximum limb functional recovery and return to work activities. Problems in reconstruction are mainly encountered in the ankle and lower third leg defects because, local tissue availability is very minimal in these areas.
To Determine the Association of Transabdominal Sonographic Findings of Prostatic Volume and Post Void Residual Urine with the Severity of Symptoms as per International Prostate Symptom Score, in Cases of Benign Prostate Hypertrophy
Authors: Lahel Ranjit Singh , Chail Amit , Kumar Sangeet
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition in elderly men and is a major cause of bladder outflow obstruction. Various parameters are used in clinical practice, to be able to assess the severity of the enlarged prostate and its direct effect on the quality of life of the patient in terms of evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs). These are the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS); urodynamic studies such as uroflowmetry, measurement of postvoid residual urine (PVRU), prostatic volume (PV), intravesical prostatic protrusion, and digital rectal examination. Out of these, sonographic measurement of prostate volume and postvoid residual urine is the most widely used and readily available noninvasive methods. The present hospital-based study aims to establish an association between the PV, PVRU, and clinical symptom scores derived as per IPSS.

Methods:

This prospective, hospital-based study was done over a sample group of 748 symptomatic males with LUTS, referred from outpatient departments over a period of 2 years, for the assessment of PV and postvoid residual urine. The ordinal data sets were compared using the Chi-square test and a P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results:

The Chi-square statistics for the association of prostate volume with IPSS were 13.1678. P value was = 0.01. The Chi-square statistics for the association between PVRU and IPSS scores were 1.613. P value was = 0.80645.

Conclusion:

The results derived from the data establish that the statistical association between prostate volume and IPSS scores is weakly significant and association between PVRU and IPSS scores is not statistically significant at all.
Normative Value of Accommodative Convergence to Accommodation in Indian Population Measured by Heterophoria Method
Authors: Singh Archana Dharmdeo , Vannadil Harikrishnan , Bhatta Sunandan
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Near response is a complex synkinesis required for a good binocular vision. accommodative convergence per diopter of accommodation (AC/A ratio) is a value of significance in this synkinetic movement. In addition, the value is used to classify and treat ocular movement abnormalities. The two commonly used methods for determining the AC/A ratio are Gradient Method and Heterophoria method. The normative data for Indian population by gradient method was described in two studies. However, the normative data for heterophoria method is lacking in Indian population.

Objective:

The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to generate the normative value for AC/A ratio for the Indian population by heterophoria method. One hundred healthy ophthalmologically normal adults with no presbyopia or refractive error were chosen consecutively among the attendants of patients visiting the center.

Materials and Methods:

After thorough ophthalmic evaluation, the participants were subjected to AC/A ratio calculation by heterophoria method using 6/9 fixation target and PMMA Prism bar.

Results:

One hundred healthy adults with no refractive error or ocular abnormality were selected with a mean age of 25.70 years (standard deviation [SD] = 4.92) and equal gender distribution. The mean Inter Pupillary Distance (IPD) was found to be 62.88 mm with a SD of 3.91 mm. The average phoria at distance was 1.82 prism diopters (SD = 2.03pd) of exophoria and for near at 33 cm was 4.20pd (SD = 1.92pd). The mean AC/A ratio by heterophoria method was found to be 5.49PD/D with an SD of 0.54PD/D. The highest being 6.90PD/D and the lowest being 4.27PD/D with no statistically significant difference between genders.

Conclusion and Relevance:

According to the previous studies, the normative data arrived is lesser than the value reached in the current study for similar population groups when considering both methodologies of testing. This variation between the gradient method and heterophoria method accounted for by the involvement of proximal convergence during the heterophoria method.
A Study of Nailfold Capillaroscopy in Different Morphological Variants of Psoriasis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kamboj Parul , Vij Vineet , Prashantha G. B. , Sinha Preema , Raj Choudhary Sampoorna , Janardnan Nidheesh Mohan
Published: March 2024

Background:

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease. Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is a method to analyze nail changes in autoimmune disorders and is gaining popularity as a bedside tool for studying the capillaroscopic changes of psoriasis.

Aim:

The aim was to assess the nail fold capillaroscopic parameters in controls versus psoriasis patients and to assess the nail fold capillaroscopic parameters in various morphological types of psoriasis patients.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study of NFC was conducted on 100 patients and 100 controls who attended the outpatient department of dermatology of a tertiary care hospital in Central India from June 2022 to October 2022. Nail fold of little fingers of both hands was studied by the Universal Serial Bus (USB) Digital Microscope and photographed.

Results:

This study was conducted on 100 patients of psoriasis and 100 controls. The mean age of patients was 50.77 ± 11.33 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.27. The most common type of psoriasis was chronic plaque psoriasis, and erythrodermic psoriasis was the least common. Majority of 51 patients were having a Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score of >3–15 suggestive of moderate psoriasis. Capillary morphology in 89% of psoriasis cases was inverse U-shape, while remaining 11% had bizarre morphology. There was a significant difference (P < 0.011) in capillary density between psoriasis patients and controls. Only 6% of patients had irregular and haphazard capillary distribution, compared to 94% of patients who had regular and parallel capillary distribution. Other parameters of NFC such as subpapillary plexus, ramified/bushy capillaries, and hemorrhage were also studied.

Conclusion:

Psoriasis is characterized by microvascular abnormalities which can be studied by a novel technique of nailfold capillaroscopy.
Late Postpartum Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Thakur Vaidehi , Kamal Deep , Kashiviswanathan M. , Chawla Sushil , Ramaraju H.E.
Published: March 2024

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible neurological entity characterized by seizures, headache, visual symptoms and other focal neurological findings. It is caused by wide variety of causes ultimately leading to vasogenic cerebral edema of occipital and parietal lobes of the brain. Prompt and early diagnosis of PRES is key in reducing the risk of permanent neurological sequelae. Occurrence of PRES during pregnancy or early postpartum period is well known. However, occurrence of PRES between 48 hours and one month postpartum in women who had normal pregnancy and delivery and no signs of preeclampsia is rare. In this case series we present three cases of PRES that occurred in young women during late postpartum period. All these three patients were normotensive during antenatal and early puerperal period but developed hypertension and vision loss in late puerperium. The prompt diagnosis and management of symptoms resulted in complete reversal of the symptoms with no permanent neurological deficit. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible neurological entity characterized by the presence of white matter edema affecting the occipital and parietal lobes. The predominantly affected area of the cerebral cortex determines presentation in the patient. The reversibility of these symptoms is one of the hallmarks of the disease. Diffusion-weighted MRI is the gold standard in diagnosis of PRES as it helps to distinguish between vasogenic edema from cytotoxic edema. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of early treatment may lead to complete recovery with no residual neurological deficit.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Diabetic Patients toward Diabetic Retinopathy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rana Vipin , Sharma Neeraj , Bandopadhyay S. , Sharma Vijay K. , Kakati Kalpamoi , Rao B. V. , Patra Vinod K. , Dhole Kunal
Published: March 2024

Background:

To document knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) patterns of diabetic patients regarding diabetic retinopathy (DR), to determine associations between them, and to identify barriers to compliance with follow up and treatment regimes.

Method:

This is a cross-sectional study including 504 participants who attended the outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. The participants included diabetic patients and questionnaires were completed to collect information about their sociodemographic and healthcare characteristics. A Chi-square test and Pearson correlation test were performed to analyze the data.

Results:

A total of 504 participants were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 62.84 ± 7.62 years and a mean diabetes duration of 12 ± 4.42 years. The majority (65.07%) of the participants had higher secondary education or above. Good knowledge, a positive attitude, and poor DR practices were observed in 56.34%, 68%, and 66.6% of participants, respectively. The most common barrier to complying with regular follow-up despite having knowledge were domestic issues (no family support, lack of transport).

Conclusion:

The study reported good knowledge and attitude about DR among type 2 diabetics with relatively poor eye-care practices. Therefore, it is recommended that a collaborative approach amongst primary care providers, ophthalmologists, diabetologists, and health policy makers is necessary to transform this good knowledge and attitude into good practices.
Changing Paradigms of Disaster Management in Pandemic: An Experiential Learning
Authors: Patnaik Saroj Kumar , Tyagi Lavneesh , Manjunath S. R. , Kapoor Umesh
Published: March 2024

Background:

Disasters are ubiquitous in nature, and more importantly, disasters do not happen in a staggered manner nor in succession. It may erupt, attack, and happen altogether in one frame of time, abruptly, or cascade. Owing to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the existing human race has metamorphosed its culture from offices to work from home, cash to cashless transactions, direct retail shopping to e-commerce, socialization to social distancing, hospital-based care to domiciliary care, and much more to register. This necessitated evolution of our disaster management practices established in the pre-COVID era to be reconfigured and be made implementable in the ongoing pandemic scenario, to ensure appropriate management of disasters without bargaining the management of pandemic.

Aim and Objectives:

With this intent, the authors of this study participated in a multinational full-scale exercise to study, identify, and recommend changes in medical preparedness during disaster management while handling pandemic.

Methodology and Results:

The authors have identified key focus areas such as prehospital care and hospital-based care, which further include site and size identification, command and control, patient reception and holding areas, advanced treatment area, laboratory facilities, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, medical gas pipeline systems, electric supply and lighting, and transportation. At all these places, COVID-19 best practices, public health aspects along with telemedicine, and communication have been emphasized.

Conclusion:

The authors have tried to decipher the findings to utilize them during the impact of another disaster. The authors have also tried to expand the horizon of the environment by bringing out the fundamentals being faced during such events for the betterment of society.
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases in North India and its Clinicopathological Correlation – An Observational Study
Authors: Sharma Raj Kumar , Singh Vishal , Sood Vivek , Dogra Pavitra Manu
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Glomerular diseases (GDs) have varied presentations in adults. The spectrum varies from benign to aggressive presentations.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted an observational prospective study at a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India from July 2020 to June 2022 to evaluate GD’s spectrum and clinicopathological correlation. All kidney biopsies conducted during this period were considered as per inclusion and exclusion criteria, and detailed history and clinical examination were done.

Results:

One hundred and twenty-six kidney biopsies were evaluated as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean age was 37.77 ± 17.73 years. Overall, the male-to-female ratio was 2.3:1 while the male-to-female ratio in lupus nephritis (LN) is 0.37:1. Primary GD (PGD) dominated among males whereas secondary GD (SGD) was more common in females. Nephrotic syndrome (NS, 44.5%) and acute kidney injury 27% were the most common clinical syndromes. The most common symptoms were edema and frothuria in NS (70%), and hematuria in acute nephritic syndrome 59%, whereas fatigue and gastrointestinal symptoms (44%) dominated in SGDs. The PGD-to-SGD ratio was 61.1:38.9. The most common PGD was immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN, 22.1%), followed by minimal change disease (MCD, 20.8%), whereas LN (22.5%) was the prominent SGD, with Class IV + V (36.4%) being most common.

Conclusion:

GDs have a multitude of presentations – from asymptomatic urinary abnormalities to crescentic ones. IgAN and MCD were the most common of PGD whereas LN was the most common SGD.
Correlation of Intraoperative Frozen Section Reporting with Histopathological Diagnosis in Central Nervous System Tumors – A Study of 30 Cases
Authors: Mohanty Supreet Kumar , Singh Amandeep , Das Amit Kumar , Shelly Divya
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, though relatively less common (approx 2% of all tumors), display a gamut of clinical and histological presentations. Frozen section analysis in CNS tumors in a known modality which can be a beneficial tool with potential to guide intra-operative management and a likelihood of bettering outcomes. Our study aims to ascertain the correlation and concordance between intra-operative frozen section diagnosis with final histopathological diagnosis in CNS tumors.

Methods:

We studied a total of 30 cases of CNS tumors for which frozen section was carried out and the same were compared with the diagnosis after final histopathological examination. For statistical analysis SPSS software version 20.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York, USA), Pearsons’s correlation coefficient Test and Chi square test were used.

Results:

Out of the 30 cases studied, 24 cases (80%) were completely concordant, 05 cases (16.7%) were partially concordant and 01 case (3.3%) was discordant. Considering the concordant and partially concordant cases, the sensitivity was estimated to be 96.7%.

Conclusion:

Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis encompasses certain limitations in layered diagnosis. Despite the limitations of retrospective studies, this study highlights its diagnostic value as a rapid and reliable method for accurate diagnosis of CNS tumors.
Maternal and Fetal Outcome Following Post In vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer Pregnancy: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Gouru Prathyusha , Dubbewar Avinash P , Hiremat Ravishekar N. , Dey Madhusudan , Yadav Preeti , Ghodke Sandhya
Published: March 2024

Background:

While the majority of in vitro fertilization (IVF)-conceived children are healthy, IVF has been associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm labor and preterm delivery, and low birth weight (LBW).

Objective:

The objective of the study is to assess pregnancy, maternal, and perinatal outcomes in patients undergoing IVF embryo transfer (IVF-ET) at tertiary care center in North India.

Methodology:

It was a prospective observational study carried out for duration of 20 months among women who conceived following an IVF-ET. The sample size was 107 consecutive mothers and data were collected using a predesigned semi-structured study pro forma. Detailed menstrual, obstetric, and medical histories of each patient were noted. Findings of the general, physical, systemic, and obstetrical and gynecological examination were noted for all patients.

Results:

One hundred and seven mothers who fulfilled the study criteria were included. Of these, 4 had an abortion. Rest of the 103 mothers were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the mothers was 30.39 ± 4.7, ranging from 22 to 50 years. Twin pregnancy rate was 45.7%. All were dichorionic-diamniotic twins. Based on gestational age, 5% were extreme preterm births, 14% were very preterm births, 32% were late preterm births, and 48% were early-term births. Normal vaginal delivery (NVD) occurred in 26.2% of the mothers, elective lower-segment cesarean section (LSCS) in 21.4%, emergency LSCS in 51.4%, and one case had vacuum delivery. Hence, NVD occurred in 27% and 73% had LSCS. With respect to neonates born to study participants, 8% were extremely LBW, 7.3% were very LBW, 46% were LBW, and the rest 38.7% weighed 2.5 kg or more at birth.

Conclusion:

IVF-ET is a safe and highly successful treatment for infertility. Many of adverse outcomes are largely due to an increased risk of multiple gestations in IVF. Patients with infertility are likely to be older and have preexisting comorbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, insulin resistance, or other endocrinopathies which may predispose them to adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. It is also recommended that patients should be given adequate preconception counseling regarding increased maternal as well as neonatal risk.
Can Increased Carbon Dioxide Gradient be Used as a Sensitive Bio-marker for COVID-19 Pneumonia Severity: An Indian Study
Authors: Patel Barun Bhai , Goje Harinder Kumar , Singhal Anuj , Patra Arun Kumar , Das Bhaskar , Mishra Satish Kumar , Choudhury Ipsita
Published: March 2024

Background:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is a challenge to health-care system in the recent times. The nonavailability of specific treatment and rapid spread through aerosols has impacted the countries worldwide. Research on the subject is continuous, to understand the pathology and pathophysiology of the condition. In this regard, diagnosis of the disease, severity stratification and clinical prognostication helps the clinician to plan the management. Literature is silent on clinical biomarkers for this novel disease. Hence, a study was carried out to find out a suitable clinical biomarker for the disease.

Methodology:

The author carried out a retrospective analysis of the fatal case records of a tertiary center COVID intensive care unit to evaluate whether Carbon dioxide gradient can be used as an end-stage marker of COVID pneumonia. A record-based observational study was conducted and data were collected from the fatal case documents after an institutional ethical committee clearance.

Results:

A total of 42 fatal cases were analyzed. Carbon dioxide retention was found in more than 90% of cases and raised carbon dioxide gradient (>5 mmHg) was found in more than 50% of cases. The average days of mechanical ventilation was 9 days and on average, after 5 days of ventilation patients developed raised carbon dioxide gradient.

Conclusion:

We conclude that raised carbon dioxide gradient may be chosen as an end-stage marker for COVID pneumonia though large group studies are recommended.
Breast Reduction as a Modality for Treatment of Recurrent Intertrigo: A Study of Ten Cases
Authors: Agarwal Reetu , Sharma Loknandini , Srinivasan Padmapriya , Langer Vijay
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Macromastia is associated with physical and psychosocial comorbidities. One such entity which presents to dermatologists is intertrigo which is the infection of intertriginous areas caused by various species of bacteria and fungi. This is the most common presentation in females with large ptotic breasts with involvement of the inframammary region. After exhausting all possible modalities including antibiotics, antifungals, and even anti-inflammatory drugs to exclude secondary eczema, these patients can be offered breast reduction surgery as a last resort.

Aim:

The aim was to study the efficacy of breast reduction surgery in the management of recalcitrant intertrigo.

Methodology:

Ten such patients who presented to us with recalcitrant intertrigo in the setting of macromastia and consented to breast reduction surgery were recruited, and after obtaining informed consent, breast reduction was performed by vertical mammoplasty and liposuction. The patients were followed up 3 months for 1 year postsurgery. The treatment outcome was measured by physician assessment by checking the presence of visible dermatitis in the intertriginous region and patient assessment with the help of a novel questionnaire to assess the quality of life with responses on a 4-point Likert scale from 0 to 3. However, due to the small sample size, the questionnaire could not be validated.

Results:

None of the patients in this study reported recurrence of intertrigo. Furthermore, there was a significant functional improvement with minimal complication rates. A novel questionnaire was devised to assess the quality of life of these patients which showed a significant improvement postsurgery. However, due to the relatively small sample size, the questionnaire could not be validated.

Conclusion:

There is evidence that reduction mammoplasty is not only effective at decreasing breast-related symptoms such as pain and discomfort but also improves functional limitations and clinical conditions like intertrigo. In our study, we conclusively demonstrate an intent to point out to dermatologists that breast reduction can be a treatment for resistant/ intractable intertrigo only as a last resort in patients with large breast size, as would help in reducing the constant predisposing factors of moisture and friction.
Insulin: The Journey Continues
Authors: Bansal Naresh , Kotwal Narendra , Singhal Anuj , Kumar Ashish
Published: March 2024

In the history of medicine, the discovery of insulin marked a turning point. At first, the only form of insulin that could be administered to humans was this secretion from animal pancreas. Since its conception, technologies for purifying and altering insulin have been developed, although they are still a long way from simulating pancreatic-cells’ natural production. The precise structure of the insulin molecule had been uncovered by the late 1950s, and with the development of molecular biology and recombinant DNA techniques, it is now feasible to manipulate genes to produce recombinant human insulins. This opened the door for the creation of short-acting analogs to mimic postprandial insulin secretion and long-acting analogs to mimic basal or background insulin secretion. The patients can more closely mimic pancreatic insulin secretion thanks to the characteristics of the new basal and bolus analogs than they could with the earlier insulins. However, there are still issues with the absence of portal delivery, night-time dip, morning surge, and responsiveness to ambient blood glucose. There are a number of noninvasive methods being researched for the delivery of insulin, including transdermal, buccal, oral, and pulmonary routes. The hunt for insulin that precisely mirrors the physiological profile and has improved stability, less variability, and perhaps selective action, is still ongoing.
Eosinophils are the dominant type2 marker for the current indication of biological treatment in severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: van der Lans R J L , Otten J J , Adriaensen G F J P M , Benoist L B L , Cornet M E , Hoven D R , Rinia A B
Published: March 2024

The latest European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS2020) defines markers for type2 inflammation in the context of indicating biological therapy in severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) as either a total serum immunoglobulin E (total-IgE) >100 kU/L, a blood eosinophil count (BEC, expressed as ·109 cells / L) ≥0.25, or a tissue eosinophil count ≥10 per high power field (HPF) (1). Recently, an EPOS/EUFOREA expert panel advised to lower the threshold for BEC from ≥0.25 (EPOS2020) to ≥0.15 (EUFOREA2023) to align with thresholds used for biological indication in asthma patients (2). As far as we know, there is no literature supporting the cut-off value for total-IgE.
Unveiling the link between organizational commitment, professional self-esteem, and work engagement of Filipino faculty members in state universities and colleges
Authors: Manaig Karen A. , Buenvinida Lerma P. , Yazon Alberto D. , Bonganciso Ruel T.
Published: March 2024

Employees’ commitment serves as the backbone of every organization and their unfathomable allegiance equates to success and future endeavors. Loyal employees tend to do their work with dedication, innovative in creating new ideas and always going the extra mile. They will devote their time and effort to attaining the vision and mission of their organization. Thus, this descriptive-correlational research design determined the relationship between organizational commitment, professional self-esteem, and work engagement among Filipino faculty members of State Universities and Colleges. The respondents of the study were 251 faculty members from the State Universities and Colleges in the Philippines. Simple Random Sampling identified the respondents of the study. Standardized research instruments were employed in this study. The data were gathered through an online survey. The findings revealed that the respondents’ level of organizational commitment in terms of affective, continuance and normative are relatively high. Likewise, the assessed level of professional self-esteem of the respondents in terms of satisfaction, knowledge development, commitment, adaptation, and communication are generally very high. Similarly, the work engagement levels of the respondents in terms of vigor, dedication, and absorption are all extremely high. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between organizational commitment, professional self-esteem, and work engagement among faculty members; hence, the null hypotheses were rejected. Therefore, it can be justified that satisfaction singly predicts work engagement, satisfaction, and knowledge development as sub-factors of professional self-esteem both explain work engagement, and satisfaction, knowledge development, and affective commitment in combination channels work engagement.
Enhancing face-to-face evaluation using alternative optical mark recognition: A case study from the University of Cabuyao’s college of education
Authors: Cuerdo Ronnel Pumares , Sinfuego Lyra Xyza Llagas
Published: March 2024

Technology is defined as the use of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. However, educators’ initiatives to integrate technology have been mostly prohibitively expensive. In this context, researchers proposed the automation of one of the most important processes but highly repetitive tasks among educators, the processing of student test results. The aim was to determine the alignment with evaluation standards and the acceptability of a cost-effective alternative. This study utilized a mixed-method approach, specifically concurrent triangulation. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered concurrently, and then compared and combined the results to get a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Quantitatively, it involved the use of mean, standard deviation, t-test, and Cohen’s d to evaluate Alternative Optical Mark Recognition (AOMR) according to the required educators’ evaluation standards and its impact on reducing educators’ clerical workload. Qualitatively, semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis were employed to elucidate educators’ perspectives regarding the use of AOMR and the broader integration of technology as a whole. Results showed a one-hundred-thirty times efficiency compared to the manual process without losing the accuracy and reliability of data. Participants underscored the positive effect of AOMR in diminishing the labor-intensive nature of a crucial yet arduous clerical task for educators. Additionally, participants also emphasized unexpected benefits, including email results distribution, backup e-copies of sheets, ease of data management, class record integration, and automated student ranking. These findings offer valuable insights into the challenges surrounding the integration of technology in educational contexts in general, shedding light on the advantages of AOMR in the evaluation of student test results, in particular.
Revolutionizing Wellness: The IoT Smart Bottle for Health Monitoring
Authors: Lavanya Dalavai, K .Mahesh Chandu, V.Grahya , S.Ashok and S.Sravani Satya Pravallika
Published: March 2024

Intelligent and health-focusedIoT project designed to monitor and provide information about the contents of a bottle, such as temperature and water level. This system utilizes a DHT11 sensor for temperature monitoring, an ultrasonic sensor for water level detection, and an LCD to display real-time information. The project aims to promote health awareness by allowing users to monitor the temperature of liquids and ensure anadequate water supply in their bottles. The smart bottle's sensors detect when the medication is dispensed, and thedata is transmitted to a centralized platform via a secure IoT network. This not only assists healthcare professionals in tracking patient compliance but also facilitates personalized healthcare by enabling timely adjustments to treatment plans. With the ability to send alerts and notifications to both patients and healthcare providers, the Smart Bottle Health Care using IoT enhances patient engagement, fosters medication adherence, and ultimately contributes to better health outcomes. This innovative solution holds great potential in transforming medication management, particularly for individuals with chronic conditions who require consistent and precise dosage adherence for effective treatment. Through continuous monitoring and data analysis, the IoT-enabled smart bottle not only ensures timely medication reminders but also provides a holistic view of patients' medication adherence trends. This data-driven approach empowers healthcare providers to make informed decisions, intervene proactively, and tailor treatment plans for improved patient outcomes. The system's ability to send notifications and alerts fosters a collaborative healthcare ecosystem, engaging both patients and caregivers inthe medication
Next-Generation Billing Systems: The Smart eBill Revolution
Authors: Khader Basha Sk, R Sai Srinivas, P Naveen Kumar , D Kalayani Sai and A Mahendra
Published: March 2024

Efficient monitoring of electrical consumption is essential for promoting energy conservation and optimizing electricity usage. This project introduces a "Smart EBill System" using current and voltage sensors, along with an LCD display for real-time energy consumption tracking. The system aims to provide users with instant information on their electricity usage, helping them make informed decisions and promoting energy efficiency. This integration of sensors and a display offers an intelligent solution for smart and user-friendly electricity bill monitoring. In today's digital age, electronic billing systems have become a cornerstone of modern business operations, offering convenience, efficiency, and sustainability compared to traditional paper-based billing methods. However, as electronic billing systems evolve, there is a growing need for smarter, more intuitive solutions that enhance user experience, streamline processes, and leverage emerging technologies. This paper presents Smart eBill, a next-generation electronic billing system designed to address these evolving needs. Smart eBill integrates advanced features such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics to revolutionize the billing experience for businesses and consumers alike. The system employs AI algorithms to automate billing processes, including invoice generation, delivery, and payment reconciliation, reducing manual errors and administrative overhead. Furthermore, Smart eBill leverages machine learning techniques to analyze billing data and provide personalized insights and recommendations to users. By understanding user preferences, spending patterns, and historical data, the system offers tailored suggestions for optimizing billing arrangements, reducing costs, and improving financial management.
Harnessing IoT for Real-Time Plant Health Monitoring: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Roja D, N Venkatesh, S Maheswari , P Triveni, Ch Srikanth
Published: March 2024

The "Plant Health Monitoring Project" is an intelligent system designed to monitor and maintain optimal conditions for plant growth. This project incorporates sensors such as LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), DHT11 (Temperature and Humidity Sensor), Soil Moisture Sensor, a Water Motor, and a Relay. The collected data, including light intensity, temperature, humidity, and soil moisture, is sent to Thing Speak for real-time monitoring. The system automatically activates the water motor through the relay if the soil moisture level is low, ensuring the plants receive adequate water. This project aims to promote efficient plant care and ensure a healthy growth environment. This project aims to develop an advanced plant health monitoring system by integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology with machine learning algorithms. The system will utilize various sensors to collect real-time data on environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity, as well as plant health parameters including leaf color, size, and shape. The collected data will be transmitted wirelessly to a central server for analysis. Machine learning algorithms will then be employed to analyze the data and identify patterns indicative of plant stress, diseases, or nutrient deficiencies. The system will provide timely alerts to farmers or gardeners, enabling them to take proactive measures to maintain the health and productivity of their plants. This innovative approach to plant health monitoring has the potential to revolutionize agricultural practices and contribute to increased crop yields and stainability.
Intelligent Travel Companion: The IoT-Enabled Smart Bag
Authors: Khader Basha Sk, B Pravallika, D Swathi , P Sri Lakshami Durga, Ch SivaTeja
Published: March 2024

The Smart IoT Bag represents a revolutionary integration of technology into everyday accessories, transforming a conventional item into an intelligent and connected device. This innovative bag incorporates a range of Internet of Things (IoT) features that enhance user experience, convenience, and security. At its core, the Smart IoT Bag is equipped with embedded sensors and connectivity modules, enabling it to gather real-time data about its surroundings and the items it contains. One key aspect of the Smart IoT Bag is its ability to provide users with smart inventory management. Through RFID or NFC technology, the bag can track the presence and location of specific items placed within it. This feature proves invaluable for individuals who frequently misplace their belongings, offering a seamless and efficient way to locate items through a dedicated mobile application. Furthermore, the Smart IoT Bag embraces the concept of smart security. Integrated with biometric authentication, the bag ensures that only authorized users can access its contents. In the event of theft or unauthorized access, the bag can send instant alerts to the user's smartphone, allowing for swift action. Additionally, the bag is equipped with GPS tracking, enabling users to pinpoint its location in real-time, enhancing security and providing peace of mind. The bag's connectivity extends beyond personal use, contributing to a broader ecosystem of interconnected devices. It can seamlessly integrate with smart home systems, allowing users to automate tasks based on the bag's status or location. For instance, upon arriving home, the bag could trigger the lights to turn on or adjust the thermostat.