bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Factors Design Study for Home Beer-Brewing Machine in Residential Space: focused on In-depth Interviews of South Korean MZ Generation
Authors: Hye Kim Min , Ju Kim Min , Choi Joonmee , Nah Ken
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this paper is to extract and understand the significance of home-drinking culture and living spaces among the emerging customer group, the South Korean MZ generation, contributing to the activation of the Home Beer-Brewing Machine market. To achieve this, the paper conducted a literature review to explore the conceptual shifts in drinking behaviors and living space perceptions of the South Korean MZ generation following social trends. Drawing from the obtained results, recent studies within the last decade were gathered to explore the link between home drinking culture and the evolution of residential spaces among the Korean MZ generation. Analyzing from a Human Factors perspective, the study aimed to validate the diverse roles and meanings of residential spaces. After, In-depth interviews were implemented with 31 individuals from the MZ generation born between 1982 and the early 2000s to extract their meaning of home-drinking culture and living spaces. The analysis and diagnosis of the interviews revealed that experience and communication are central elements in home-drinking culture, while emotion and personalization are key factors in living spaces. Expanding on these findings, the conceptualization of home-drinking culture for the MZ generation was redefined, and the core values of home-drinking culture based on the MZ generation were typified and presented. Therefore, looking forward to future studies, this study anticipates that its results will serve as foundational data for future developments in the Home Beer-Brewing Machine market.
Teaching Reform Practice Empowered by Digital Technology in Local Intangible Cultural Heritage Aesthetic Education Courses
Authors: Hui Jiang , Joneurairatana Eakachat
Published: June 2024

The local non-heritage aesthetic education course is an important way to inherit and innovate the non-heritage culture. In the present time when digital technology promotes the development of the society, based on the organic combination of teaching concepts of design theory, professional skills and digital technology practice, we put forward the teaching reform of the local non-heritage aesthetic education course, improve the teaching system on the basis of the integration and structural optimization of the course content, enrich the means of teaching, and explore a new mode of teaching the course, so as to let the students better self-improvement in digital growth and cultivate talents for the digital era.
Cross-border Integration and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Exercises and Digital Media Technology: The Case of Baduanjin
Authors: Wen Xingyi , Cui Wei , Chen Huiyan , Liu Fan , Shao Yulin , You Fang
Published: June 2024

Baduanjin is an independent and complete set of traditional Chinese fitness techniques originating in the Northern Song Dynasty, known for its holistic health benefits rooted in ancient Chinese customs, and is enjoying renewed popularity around the globe. In this study, through the use of body sensing camera, dynamic capture and limb movement recognition following the movement of Baduanjin martial artists in space, the body sensing camera data is combined with Touch designer to realise a new form of digital interaction design for real-time interaction of visual images. The transformative impact of digital media on the preservation, dissemination and promotion of Baduanjin is explored. The multidimensional aspects of this cross-border integration are revealed, providing insights into cultural adaptation, technological innovation, and the health implications of using digital media to disseminate traditional Chinese practices such as Baduanjin. The findings of this study contribute to an understanding of the evolving landscape of traditional calisthenics in a digitally connected world, highlighting the opportunities and challenges inherent in the fusion of ancient traditions with modern technological advances.
Articulated Spatial Audio for Minimally Invasive Surgery Training
Authors: Cai Yang , Paik Joshua
Published: June 2024

Contemporary spatial sound recording and reconstruction systems enable audiences to experience realistic 3D soundscapes from multiple speakers or binaural headsets. Spatial audio is especially useful in minimally invasive surgery training which represents the sound sources, dynamic patterns, and verbal communications. In our study, we recorded and reconstructed 3D sound from a laparoscopic surgery room with multiple cases. The spatial sound data contains ambient sounds, equipment sounds, and music in the OR environment. We then articulated the ECG sound based on the simulated patient’s conditions. For example, when the patient feels pain, the heart rate increases. Our experiments show that the articulated spatial audio helps to narrow the gap between the abstract training boxes and the actual OR environments. It is one step forward to advance Extended Reality (XR) with physical and physiological variables.
Designing mobile game input unreachability: risks when placing items out of the functional area
Authors: Andrade Wiliam
Published: June 2024

When planning controls for mobile games and gamified apps, designers consider how gamers access features and where to display them. With users potentially operating their devices single-handed, content producers have been using design approaches based on the screen area a thumb can reach when the hand supports the device, with different degrees of difficulty. Depending on the screen size, some parts are out of the thumb’s reach, requiring operation with the assistance of the other hand or changing grip when possible. Despite the common facilitated access to relevant game resources within the area, some items are intentionally placed in unreachable zones, trying to make gamers take longer until they can access them, thus increasing displayed content exposure. These hard-to-reach options are inputs to mute, forward, or close in-game advertising and in-app purchase offers. They disregard the potential uncommon thumb actions one may adopt to tap them. This paper studies single-handed thumb reachability in mobile games and the ads they display to identify how their screen design can provide different levels of performance and body safety to access specific content and then understand whether items out of the thumb’s reach can lead to potential risks for the gamer. While game design should contribute to interaction and comfort, promotional features seeking monetization have strategies to avoid or delay interaction, with risks of interfering with performance or thumb injuries.
Requirements for Successful Human Robot Collaboration: Design Perspectives of Developers and Users in the Scope of the EU Horizon Project FELICE
Authors: Dreger Felix , Karthaus Melanie , Metzler Yannick , Tauro Felice , Carrelli Vincenzo , Athanassiou Georgios , Rinkenauer Gerhard
Published: June 2024

To be successful, the development, implementation, and establishment of human-robot collaboration (HRC) should be based on an objective, human-centered requirements analysis. However, developers often neglect the fact that users may possess significantly different but highly relevant perspectives due to task-related experiences.In the EU Horizon FELICE project, which is developing a team cobot as a support system for assembly workers, two focus groups (technical developers vs. users) were conducted. The participants discussed the requirements and possible challenges for successful HRC using the example of a handover task. Both focus groups emphasize usefulness, reliability, and safety as (the most) important criteria for successful HRC, user trust, and user acceptance. Technical developers stress the importance of precise timing, avoidance of task-interruptions and the provision of relevant information during collaboration, while the users highlight that HRC can create unsafe and stressful situations due to poor or no communication, low system reliability, and lack of safety. This underscores the need for a general understanding of the collaborative task design and specific information about the individual actions and events throughout the collaborative task. This may be implemented via training, which is considered to be important by both groups.This example shows that potential human-centered requirements, which affect direct technical requirements, are at the forefront of the developers view. Contrastingly, users focus on the outcome and the impact on the worker as driving the requirements. Despite this gulf, the implications to adapt the design process are minor in this particular case.
Bidirectional Human-AI/Machine Collaborative and Autonomous Teams: Risk, Trust and Safety
Authors: Lawless William
Published: June 2024

We address the bidirectional challenges in developing and managing interdependence for AI/machine collaboration in autonomous human-machine teams. Recent advances surrounding Large Language Models have increased apprehension in the public and among users about the next generation of AI for collaboration and human-machine teams. The anxieties that have grown regard the risk, trust, and safety from the potential uses of AI/machines in open environments, including unknown issues that might also arise. These concerns represent major hurdles to the development of verified and validated engineered systems involving bi-directionality across the human-machine frontier. Bi-directionality is a state of interdependence. It requires understanding the design and operational consequences that machine agents may have on humans, and, interdependently, the design and operational effects that humans may have on machine agents. Current discussions on human-AI interactions focus on the impact of AI on human stakeholders; potential ways of involving humans in computational interventions (e.g., human factors; data annotation; approval for drone actions); but these discussions overlook the interdependent need for a machine to intervene for dysfunctional humans (e.g., in 2015, the copilot aboard a Germanwings airliner committed suicide, killing all aboard; in 2023, a pilot ejected from an F-35, allowing the plane to fly unguided for an additional 60 miles). Technology is advancing rapidly: Self-driving cars; drones able to fly and land autonomously; self-landing reusable rockets; Air Force loyal wingmen. The technology is available today for bi-directional AI/machine collaboration and autonomous human-machine teams to better protect human life now and in the future. Thus, despite the engineering challenges faced, we believe that the technical challenges associated with humans and AI/machines cannot be adequately addressed if the social concerns related to risk, trust and safety caused by bi-directional forces are not also taken into consideration.
Implementation Concept for Optimization Methods in Human-Robot Collaboration by using Full-Scope Simulation
Authors: Sen Sumona , Poetters Patrick
Published: June 2024

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is an emerging field that is revolutionizing efficiency and performance in production environments. A central point here is the integration of proven methods of process and quality management, which create the basis for optimized collaboration between humans and robots.In order to fully exploit the potential of this collaboration, established methods such as lean management, Six Sigma and PDCA cycle are being closely examined for their applicability in the context of HRC. These methods have already proven themselves in traditional production environments and could now form the basis for effective human-robot interaction.A fundamental aspect for the successful implementation of these methods is the creation of a realistic test environment. The full-scope simulator plays a crucial role here, as it provides an authentic environment for the research and development of human-robot collaboration. Numerous research projects have already benefited from the use of this simulator and have been able to gain new insights for HRC. A particular focus is on the development of a specific use case based on existing HRC systems in industry. This use case serves as a starting point for the further development and improvement of the interaction between humans and robots using process and quality management methods. The implementation and analysis of various methods in the context of this use case aims to increase performance and efficiency in production and assembly environments. A key objective here is to minimize production downtime and increase overall productivity at the same time.After thorough testing, the paper presents a comprehensive overview of the methods identified as particularly useful for improving the effectiveness of human-robot collaboration. This research contributes significantly to structuring the possibilities of HRC in production and assembly environments and provides a detailed list of methods specifically aimed at optimizing processes in these areas.The integration of process and quality management methods into HRC offers numerous advantages. For example, lean management enables the reduction of waste and efficiency production, while Six Sigma aims to minimize errors and improve process quality. The PDCA cycle supports continuous improvement. By specifically applying and adapting these methods to HRC, a more harmonious and effective collaboration between humans and robots can be achieved.The further exploration and integration of process and quality management methods into HRC not only promises increased productivity and efficiency, but also helps to improve the safety, reliability and quality of human-robot collaboration. The development and refinement of these methods in the context of HRC is therefore becoming an increasingly important facet of the modern production landscape.
Identification of Knowledge, Skills, Abilities and Other Behaviors to Predict Technological Fluency
Authors: Neubauer Catherine , Pollard Kimberly , Benbow Kyle , Rabin Ashley , Forester Daniel
Published: June 2024

In industry, academia, military, and the public sector, future operations will require humans to team with increasingly sophisticated and evolving technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI). Critically, these future intelligent technologies will be required to adapt in-field to keep pace with competition and other emerging needs. As such, operators and leaders in these domains will require increased technological aptitudes and skills to leverage their expertise and creativity to work with and adapt these intelligent technologies. We refer to this aptitude as technological fluency (TF), or the ability of operators to use and rapidly adapt new and intelligent technologies without formal training on these systems. Knowing an individual’s level of TF can assist in staffing or team composition decisions and can inform where training efforts are likely to be most needed or fruitful. Technological fluency is a complex concept, however, so it is crucial to understand what sorts of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other behaviors (KSBs) are required for individuals to become technologically fluent. Here, we outline five preliminary categories of KSBs that we believe underlie technological fluency within human-technology interaction domains. Future efforts will aim to develop refined practical measures of TF and to test which KSBs are most predictive of TF across contexts.
Human centered design (HCD) and software development process
Authors: Fukuzumi Shinichi , Hirasawa Nowky
Published: June 2024

ISO TC159 deals with Human Factors and Ergonomics Standards. They have four sub-committees (SCs), they are, SC1 "General ergonomic principles", SC3 "Anthropometry and biomechanics", SC4 "Ergonomics of human system interaction" and SC5 "Ergonomics of physical environment" and over 100 standards has been published. It is important that ISO is useful for industrial area. But it is also important to be supported by academic area.The theme and concept of ISO TC159/SC4 are as follows:1.Human centered design (HCD) / usability: process and concept, format related software engineering2.Interaction: interaction principles, principles of presentation of information3.Display/ image: hardware characteristics and image safety4.Environment: desk and chair in HCI, object about physical environment and things about work style.5.Control panel: design for central control room in a large size control systemIn these, most of standards Almost of them have been standardized as ISO9241 series in ergonomics standards.These five themes are much important for social system from the viewpoint of ergonomics. Especially, HCD is necessary for improving software usability. There are four activities in HCD, they are, clarify context of use, “Understand and specify the context of use”, “specify the user requirements”, “produce design solutions to meet these requirements”, “evaluate the designs against requirements”. As examples of outcome of HCD activities, format related software engineering, i.e., “Common Industry Format for usability related information (CIF)” are prepared.This paper shows the result of systematization relationship among standardization about interaction, presentation of information, HCD and software quality, especially software quality. To systematize these relations, it can be clarified that the relationship among process model, process assessment model, software quality and HCD.
A definition of Inclusive Systems Engineering
Authors: Dalecke Sandor
Published: June 2024

This paper provides the first definition of inclusive systems engineering, as well as eight criteria we deem important for tools to be considered supporting inclusive systems engineering. Inclusive systems engineering focuses on domain experts by making systems engineering more approachable, reducing the need for communication between systems engineers and domain experts. To achieve this, we incorporate techniques of model-based systems engineering and agile software engineering approaches.
Green Software Engineering Practices: Familiarity, Skills and Understandability among Mid-Bachelor ICT students
Authors: Tarkkanen Kimmo
Published: June 2024

The need for greener software engineering is apparent due to the increase in energy consumption and carbon emissions in the ICT sector, which pose significant challenges to environmental sustainability. By integrating green practices into the skillset of ICT students, they can contribute to sustainable development in the field. To understand what green software engineering skills mid-bachelor level ICT students already possess, and what they lack, this empirical research presented 154 green software engineering practices to 40 participants in a survey, which asked about their familiarity, ability to implement (skills), and understanding of each practice. Results implicate weakest knowledge and skills in server-side, system- and technology-specific practices, which are further described with vague acronyms that cause ambiguity. Reflections on contributions to the local context and implications for further research are discussed.
Application of wearable technologies for the assessment of an ergonomic intervention in hairdressers: preliminary results
Authors: Silvetti Alessio , Fiorelli Ari , Tatarelli Antonella , Fiori Lorenzo , Chini Giorgia , Varrecchia Tiwana , Papale Adriano , Ranavolo Alberto , Draicchio Francesco
Published: June 2024

Several authors conducted ergonomic risk assessments through standardized protocols, like REBA, founding high-risk levels of hairdressing jobs. Others measured shoulder and wrist movement with IMU or inclinometer and found a high biomechanical risk. One study used electromyography (sEMG) to investigate flexors and extensors of upper limb to compare the activity of male and female hairdressers founding those women had considerably higher sEMG activity. In our previous study, we investigated the kinematic of the neck, trunk, and upper limb and sEMG bilaterally from Latissimuss Dorsi, Erector Spinae, Trapezius Superior, Deltoideus Anterior, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris in hair drying in two different ways (horizontally – HOR and upwardly - UP). We found a high standard deviation for RoMs, indicating a high heterogeneity in performing the same task. Our sEMG results showed that, in both investigated tasks, the left side of the body was generally more involved than the right one. The right side, the one holding the phone, showed less %MVC mean values than the right side, the one holding the comb. Our sEMG results suggest that handling a 1 kg phone in a static position is less demanding for upper limbs and shoulders than using a light comb in continuous motion. In another paper, we investigated, through REBA and 3DSSPP, the static posture of workers after a corrective action consisting of a hairdryer holder. We found that the holder contributes to changing the posture in either positively and negatively. The positive effects seemed more than the negative ones. In this new paper, we investigated the effect of the hair dryer holder in dynamic situations founding that there are no significative improvements in the biomechanics of the workers. Moreover, the holder seemed to increase several investigated RoMs. The workers also complained of decreased flexibility of the wrist. Our results suggest that the holder system seems to have more negative than positive effects. To reduce the biomechanical overload in hairdryer, we suggest to improve several aspects, the training, the equipment (lighter hairdryer and adjustable seats), and increasing the breaks.
Augmented Reality Eyewear with ophthalmic correction for mainstream applications, overcoming acceptance barriers through Human Factors Plan
Authors: Laparra Hernández Jose , Morales Casas Adrian , Feuilliade Mathieu , Bonjour Xavier , Jimenez Armel , Jimenez Vanessa , Sánchez Palop Luis , Francisco Serrano Ortiz José , Manuel Rojas José , Soler Andrés
Published: June 2024

Although more than 80% of human interactions with the world transit through our eyes and most daily activities require hands-on interaction, none of the current AR technologies and designs, mainly from the USA and Asia, has unlocked the essential combination of human-centred needs, technical requirements and market and society acceptance. Massive adoption, especially for extensive population usage, faces significant bottlenecks: insufficient optical quality, low visual, vestibular, cognitive and social comfort, and missing integrated ophthalmic correction or device aesthetics; the only way to enhance AR visual experience.EU POPULAR project is developing the first generic Augmented Reality Eyewear (ARE) platform covering the broadest range of users and use cases in a professional context, leisure or daily life, including personal ophthalmic correction. The ordinary-looking glasses will be comfortable, accessible and aesthetically appealing, making them suitable for all-day use. Moreover, privacy and security issues will be covered to ensure user, stakeholders, and society acceptance. The differential factors will be its compactness and invisible technology, optical quality, ultra-low power consumption and long operation times, integrating cost-efficiency aspects.To achieve this challenging aim, IBV has defined a Human Factors (HF) Plan covering visual comfort, vestibular comfort, mental fatigue, ease of use, freedom of movement, emotional reaction, risk of exclusion and societal acceptance. The HF Plan was defined in 3 sprints: 1) gather needs, risks analysis and conceptual design, 2) design, develop and iterative tests `process, from scratch and dummy prototypes to 4 functional prototypes (combining white/back or colour AR and without/with ophthalmic correction, 3) Final Validation in actual conditions along representative use cases. The HF Plan will be supported by a Social Science and Humanities Advisory Board and aligned with MDR protocols and processes.ARE acceptance and global scalability will be demonstrated in 3 realistic use case scenarios, outdoor sports, healthcare and logistics, as the first step to massive market deployment. The validation in real situations will include innovative methodologies to real-time asses of mental status to balance the loss of attention/distraction and cognitive overload, using eye tracking patterns and physiological response analysis.
Optimizing high accuracy 8K LCD 3D-printed Hollow Microneedles: Methodology and ISO-7864:2016 Guided Evaluation for Enhanced Skin Penetration
Authors: Vanhooydonck Andres , Vleugels Jochen , Parrilla Marc , Clerx Phil , Watts Regan
Published: June 2024

Microneedle research has surged due to its potential for user-friendly and painless drug delivery. Their ability to pierce the skin and adaptability to skin surfaces underscore their relevance to ergonomic drug delivery systems. Therefore rapid, precise and affordable prototyping is crucial for the advancement of this research field. Among fabrication techniques, 3D printing remains the most agile, particularly with the recent technological progress in high precision 8K LCD printers, providing superior geometric quality. This study focuses on optimizing hollow microneedle designs and conducting ISO 7864:2016 (Sterile hypodermic needles for single-use requirements and test methods)-guided testing to enable objective comparisons among structures. Specifically, relevant features, including hollow needle geometries, tip angles, wall thicknesses and print settings of microneedles, are investigated using a high-resolution liquid crystal display (LCD) printing platform. In the absence of specific ISO standards for transdermal microneedles, this research aims to establish guidelines modelled after ISO-7864:2016 for hypodermic needles. A detailed exploration of a low-cost, accessible test setup design is presented. This contributes to the establishment of benchmarks for microneedle design and evaluation practices through ISO-guided testing methodologies. Beyond scientific contributions, these efforts aim to ensure safer and more effective microneedle applications in healthcare.
Colors in Mind: A Comprehensive Study on the Neurological Impact of Saturation
Authors: Teixeira Ana , Brito-costa Sonia , Gomes Anabela
Published: June 2024

The perception of color is a crucial cognitive aspect that profoundly impacts cognition, emotions, and behaviour. Cool colors evoke comfort and relaxation, while warm colors stimulate and energize. This study explores how color saturation impacts brainwave patterns, using EEG signals and the MUSE BCI. Twenty-five participants, including 5 colorblind individuals, aged 18-60, viewed 10 colors on a computer screen at varying saturations. Analysis reveals distinct color effects on attention and diverse responses. Notably, saturated blue captures attention, while yellow and violet elicit a less pronounced response. Energy frequency band analysis shows varied stimulation levels across brain waves. The ERD/ERS complex indicates positive aspects, suggesting desynchronization during color observation and heightened neuronal excitement. The study underscores color's substantial role, offering insights into psychology. Frontal EEG measurements elucidate the influence of color saturation on physiological and perceptual responses.
Role of T-shape in IT academic research
Authors: Walletzký Leonard , Schwarzová Zuzana , Marschalková Janka , Kubíčková Klára
Published: June 2024

The T-shaped model of education, which combines a broad understanding of various IT domains with deep expertise in a specific area, is a valuable approach for preparing students to contribute effectively to multidisciplinary teams. However, the role of T-shaped experts in academic research deserves more attention. This abstract explores how T-shaped expertise can enhance interdisciplinary collaboration, foster innovation, and advance IT academic research.The T-shaped model enables researchers to bridge disciplinary boundaries and collaborate across diverse fields within IT academia. Interdisciplinary collaboration, a key aspect of the T-shaped approach, allows researchers to integrate their strengths to address complex problems, leading to innovative solutions and transformative discoveries. It also promotes a holistic understanding of IT phenomena and uncovers new research opportunities at the intersection of technology, society, and the environment.Effective communication and collaboration skills are emphasised in the T-shaped approach, facilitating interdisciplinary research endeavours. By fostering a culture of open dialogue and knowledge sharing, interdisciplinary teams can leverage the collective intelligence of their members and maximise the impact of their research outcomes.This abstract also presents the methodology of managing, maintaining, and developing a team of T-shaped members, using the Laboratory of Service Systems at the Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, as an example. The laboratory’s wide-ranging aims include Smart Service systems, such as Smart Cities, the application of Open Data, data quality investigation, analytical work in the domain of Smart services, and methodological expertise in the domain of Smart Cities. The lab members collaborate in synergy, work on various types of projects, grow through these experiences, and contribute to the lab’s diverse tasks. Their T-shaped knowledge is crucial for achieving this synergy. The paper also discusses the successful collaboration of the lab with external partners, such as companies and public institutions, and how it benefits both the academic and the practical aspects of the research. Best practices will be presented in the paper.
The Customer's Preparedness and Product Quality - Impacts on Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Freund Louis , Talbi Assil , Kwan Stephen
Published: June 2024

This paper explores whether customer satisfaction survey results should be interpreted in terms of both the quality of the product as received and the customer’s preparedness to engage with it as expected. We designed a controlled experiment and conducted it with 103 participants. The study confirms that the participant’s overall satisfaction with a small product comprised of five pieces needing assembly (presented at three quality “levels”) was strongly related to both its quality level and to their own preparedness to assemble it.
“Introspective Creativity” Leveraging Inclusive Leadership Philosophy with Design Thinking Methodologies
Authors: Woelfel Wesley
Published: June 2024

The IIPL Approach is a creative methodology developed specifically to understand how inclusive and introspective leadership tools may strengthen and empower creative process outcomes. Run in the form of a design charrette, it challenges teams of participants by fusing Personal Leadership Philosophy techniques with Design Thinking methods to discover meaningful design outcomes. The IIPL Approach outlines four criteria for success: 1) introspective – what is your formula and what is important to you today and tomorrow, 2) inclusive – honor identities and stories of others, 3) personal – channel what is important, 4) local – utilize local space as a living lab. It also leverages Creative Problem Solving (CPS) tools with the following IIPL Approach mindsets: A) elevate ideas through inclusivity and diversity, B) make it meaningful by making it personal. The IIPL Approach creative methodology was developed as a design charrette module for a Voices of Design (VOD) event. Voices of Design, created by faculty in the Department of Design at California State University, Long Beach, is a yearly event series that invites diverse creative professionals and students to participate in presentations, panels, and workshops via physical and virtual creative spaces to encourage active engagement in key objectives including fostering a connection with design professionals, understanding how design can be a catalyst for change, and discussing and exploring and meaningfulness within a creative landscape. The IIPL Approach creative methodology and corresponding VOD design charrette module is discussed regarding inclusive, introspective, and creative strategies, implementation strategies, observations, and outcomes.
“Unintended Consequences” of ICT System Introduction in Organizations and Operations: A case study on efficiency improvement of transportation operations in four daycare facilities
Authors: Kondo Maya , Ito Yasunobu
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this paper is to clarify and categorize the factors of “unintended consequences” when introducing ICT transportation systems in elderly care facilities. The shortage of elderly care personnel in Japan has become a serious problem. One of the expected countermeasures is the use of ICT systems. Until now, the introduction of ICT systems in the field of elderly care has been discussed with the main objective to “verify its effectiveness” in terms of how information sharing has changed as a consequence. In spite of this, it is possible for the system to be utilized in a manner differently from which was initially intended by the management, or not being introduced in the first place after all. There are not many studies done thus far that have clarified the factors that lead to “unintended consequences” in the introduction of ICT systems in the field of elderly care. In this paper, we investigate the “unintended consequences” in the introduction of an ICT pick up and drop off system at a company, hereinafter referred to as Company X, that operates four elderly care facilities. The results of the research identified discrepancies between what management initially envisioned to be the issues in transportation operations and what the front-line workers felt were burdensome in operations. The facilities which introduced the system were “as intended” by the management; the study also revealed the reality in which the system was utilized in ways that differed from the management’s intentions.
Micro-ethnography of Creativity in the Learning Process of “Design Thinking”: A Case Study at a Japanese Liberal Arts University
Authors: Shigeta Tomoyuki , Uemura Tomohiro , Ito Yasunobu
Published: June 2024

In Japanese university education, Design Thinking is taking root in the educational program for human resource development. A characteristic feature of design thinking is that it draws out the creativity of participants through group work. However, it cannot be said that the research to date has fully elucidated how participants’ creativity is brought out in group work. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify how students in group work influence each other to exhibit their creativity in design thinking. In the analysis process, new methods based on the micro-ethnography are applied. This paper reports on a set of analytical methods.
Exploration of Service Robot Morphology Through Generative AI Applications
Authors: Ghim Yong-Gyun
Published: June 2024

Advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) are bringing service robots into various aspects of our lives, and the appearance of service robots has diversified along with their increase. While anthropomorphic design has been extensively discussed in human-robot interaction (HRI) as a way of making robots more understandable and acceptable, much remains to be investigated about the desired level of human-likeness in a robot’s design, which is also dependent on the specific context of use. This paper proposes a visual mapping method as a means of guiding the appearance and degree of human-likeness of a service robot in the corresponding use context. A service robot context map, comprising the robot’s task nature and operation environment, is constructed and translated into a morphology map regarding the level of human-likeness and aesthetic qualities. Based on these mappings, two service robot contexts were selected to create evaluation materials to measure the desired degree of human-likeness. Variations of a service robot design were created and visualized in photorealistic rendering through the utilization of generative image AI tools. Though with some unintended design changes, generative image AI is an efficient way of creating robot representations in context for an evaluation study.
Applying Pattern Awareness to Human Centered Design and Systems Thinking
Authors: Trauth Braden
Published: June 2024

Pattern Awareness in nature is innate in every human and cultures around the world have employed it to navigate the world around them. Permaculture Design has aggregated and employed many of the most ubiquitous patterns found in natural systems around us, from the universal to individual organisms and taught how to apply these patterns to design. These Patterns are the foundations of systems as the energy flows behind these systems follow these patterns. Teaching students about pattern awareness helps them understand how systems work and flow. There are many fundamental patterns that reflect systems around us, including dendritic patterns, network patterns, concentric patterns and spiral patterns to name a few. Students can see these patterns existing in nature and even within them. Through that visual learning it helps them understand how the products, systems the products exist within and even digital interfaces they design flow through users lives and the world around them, just as in natural systems. Applying Permaculture Principles such as "Design from Patterns to Details (of the Pattern)" also help them understand how to apply this knowledge. Through this process they are able to design more comprehensive products that meet users, producers and business needs. This paper will share educational methods and student results of applying this material in Design Theory and Methods Courses in conjunction with Studio courses.
Exploring Cross-Sensory Perception: the Correlation of Visual and Tactile Sensations in Home Product Materials
Authors: Wang Peixuan , Zhang Qiong , Li Xueqin , Zhang Tao , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: June 2024

This research investigates the interconnection between visual and tactile perceptions through the lens of household product materials. By focusing on common materials used in these products, the study aims to investigate the correlation between the tactile and visual perception of materials. An experiment was conducted to explore the cross-sensory correlation between vision and touch. Using a controlled variable method, the material samples were divided into three categories based on differences in roughness, hardness and type. Twenty-one participants engaged with these materials through blind tactile sensation and subsequently described their concurrent visual experience via a questionnaire. The questionnaire evaluated visual perceptions in terms of style features, physical properties, and functional characteristics. Findings indicate tactile properties of materials influence visual perceptions among users. Specifically, materials with higher levels of roughness are perceived as visually complex, darker, and heavier, suggesting reliability, while smoother materials are associated with a more transparent and clean visual impression. Harder materials are typically viewed as brighter, heavier and cleaner. Regarding material type, both acrylic and mirror-finished metal are more likely to evoke “bright” visual experiences, with mirror-finished metals also perceived as "heavier" compared to acrylic and frosted metals. These insights provide valuable guidance for product designers, suggesting that materials selection can enhance user experiences by aligning tactile feedback with visual expectations.
An EV Charging UX Design Exploration for Broader Distribution of Level 2 Charging System with Improved User Experience
Authors: Kang Min , Fang Suochun
Published: June 2024

The growth of the Electric Vehicle (EV) market has led to the development of an efficient and user-friendly charging infrastructure. This paper evaluates the current public EV charging infrastructure growth landscape. It identifies a gap in accessibility and convenience due to their limited number and geographical concentration, mainly with Level 3 DC fast chargers. As an alternative, the paper proposes a strategy focusing on the widespread distribution of Level 2 charging systems, incorporating User Experience (UX) design principles to enhance accessibility and ease of use. The strategy suggests equipping all EVs with portable Level 2 chargers and increasing the availability of low-cost charging ports in diverse parking locations, thus integrating charging into daily routines. The innovative unibody design of the portable Level 2 charger, combined with the deployment of more AC power outlets and the introduction of digital technology for real-time charging status and control, aims to improve convenience and charging efficiency. Furthermore, the paper advocates a dual-track approach, maintaining Level 3 DC fast chargers for long journeys while promoting Level 2 solutions for everyday use. This integrated approach seeks to address current infrastructural limitations and foster a more sustainable, user-friendly, and widely accessible EV charging network, thereby accelerating the adoption of EVs and contributing to environmental sustainability.
Effective Approaches of Interdisciplinary Collaboration In the Foundation Design Course
Authors: Dong Xue
Published: June 2024

Educators across disciplines increasingly acknowledge the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration in today's educational context. In design education, this shift presents a challenge: to adapt pedagogies effectively for students to tackle evolving complexities. Consequently, there's a pressing need to enhance training in design foundation curricula. Our study focuses on the redesign of a foundation design course to bolster teamwork among different disciplines. Through diverse collaboration modes such as warm-up workshops, peer evaluations, and interdisciplinary team projects, we aim to analyze the outcomes of multidisciplinary approaches within course projects. No matter what the collaboration type is, students are likely to be more involved and inspired through interdisciplinary collaborations, especially when facing complex topics. Our research demonstrates that integrating various collaboration methods within a single project, including teamwork, cross-sectional evaluations, and interdisciplinary external reviews, enhances students' capacity for innovation and critical thinking. Moreover, team projects and collaboration with peers, faculty, and external stakeholders foster positive sharing experiences and yield favorable outcomes in design education.
A multisensory design approach to help relieve stress in a healthcare workplace
Authors: Shukla Shruti , Morshedzadeh Elham , Feng Jeff
Published: June 2024

Nurse stress and burnout have underscored the need for supportive work environments and effective coping mechanisms. The World Health Organization identifies healthcare workplace stress as a significant hazard, exacerbated by staff shortages, particularly in nursing. To address these challenges, efforts include promoting self-care, implementing mental health support programs, advocating for manageable workloads, emphasizing the crucial role of healthcare organizations in prioritizing nurse well-being, and enhancing patient care. Research employing design tools aims to explore how design practices can effectively impact the psychological well-being of the healthcare workforce. This study has taken into consideration the previous solutions employed for the purpose of stress relief has built on those ideas and has presented findings. The study aims at capturing the sensory modalities of interactions that users have with their product and leveraging them to design a product that produces a calming effect on the user.
The influence of 3D printing parameters on pellet-extruded hyperelastic polymers for cost-efficient soft gripping with encapsulated sensors
Authors: Alexandru Popa Andrei , Teslari Cristi
Published: June 2024

Recent advances in pellet-extrusion Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) allow the robust and repeatable 3D printing of materials exhibiting hyperelastic mechanical properties. This study links process parameters such as temperature and printing speed to the mechanical response of hyperelastic structures, as well as to their dimensional accuracy. Three materials of varied hardness, TPU 75 Shore A, TPV 63 Shore A and TPS 30 Shore A, are investigated experimentally for their strength and elasticity, with manufacturing defects further highlighted by analysis under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The cost-efficient nature of pellet-extrusion FFF lends itself to applications within soft robotic manipulation, with a case study on complian gripping included in this effort. Leveraging the versatility of FFF towards process pauses and subsequent post-processing, standard sensor components for measuring angle and force are mounted into cavities during and after the print, respectively. The encapsulated sensors validate numerical simulations on the gripper topology, qualifying the force response and object detection capability over 50 use-cycles.
3D Printed Hands-Free Door Handle to Prevent COVID-19 Virus Spread: Developing a Design Based on Iranian population for Medical Centers
Authors: Abouhossein Alireza , Ansari Zahra , Rostamzadeh Kalkhoran Sajjad
Published: June 2024

Hands-free door handles are considered one of the new design approaches to reduce the amount of hand contact with doorknobs, which will reduce bacterial or viral transmission through hands and doorknobs. We designed a hands-free ergonomic door handle (HFEDH) using the Iranian anthropometric dimension of the forearm and its circumference to be placed on existing Iranian hospital door handles. To perceive the effectiveness of the designed HFEDH, a questionnaire containing 10 statements from the System Usability Scale (SUS) was distributed among 245 participants who participated in the experiment, as a survey scale for evaluating the final product usability. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the use of HFEDH elicits a statistically significant change in usability score (Z=-13.202, p<0.0005) when compared to the use of a typical door handle (DH). Conclusions: The suggested hands-free door handle was designed so that it can accommodate the 5th to 95th percentiles of forearm circumference anthropometric dimensions. The current hands-free door handle is an affordable solution for hospitals to prevent the spread of any virus and bacteria during the pandemic.
The Role of the Production Control and Safety Management Systems in Construction Safety Performance
Authors: Mitropoulos Panagiotis
Published: June 2024

This paper explains how the likelihood of accidents on a construction project is shaped by two systems: (1) the Production Control System, and (2) the Safety Management System. The Safety Management System (SMS) includes all the policies, programs and efforts to control the hazards and the workers’ safety-related behaviors. The Production Control System (PCS) includes all the processes and criteria that produce the work plans and ultimately, the work assignments for the workers. An ineffective PCS creates high-risk situations, such as unexpected conditions, high workload and production pressures, frustration, rushing, fatigue, and conflicts between production and safety. These situations undermine the SMS and increase the likelihood of violations, errors and accidents. An effective PCS produces high quality work assignments for the crews, mitigates the task demands on the workers and reduces the potential for errors even under exposure to hazards. The framework provides an integrated understanding of the project systems that shape the development of construction accidents. Traditional accident prevention strategies focus on increasing compliance by strengthening the SMS. Such efforts to control hazards are important, they cannot overcome the problems of an ineffective PCS. Thus, to improve safety performance it is necessary to improve the production control system.