bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resonant Defects: A New Approach to Highly-Sensitive Ultrasound-Activated NDT Techniques
Authors: Солодов  , Solodov Igor , Кройцбрук  , Kreutzbruck Mark
Published: December 2016

The presence of a defect leads to a local decrease in rigidity for a certain mass of the material and therefore manifests in a particular characteristic frequency of the defect. A frequency match between the driving ultrasonic wave and this characteristic frequency provides a Local Defect Resonance (LDR) and results in efficient energy delivery from the wave into the defect. In this paper, such a selective ultrasonic activation of resonant defects is suggested to enhance nonlinear ultrasonic, optical and thermal defect responses. Multiple case studies demonstrate that the resonant excitation of a defect results in a high local vibration and enhancement of sensitivity in ultrasonic NDT and imaging of defects via laser vibrometry, thermosonics, nonlinearity and shearography readily measurable even for a few mW of ultrasonic power. The LDR-based NDT methods require much lower ultrasonic power to activate the defects that makes it possible to avoid high- power ultrasonic instrumentation.
Automated Scanner for External Pipe Non-Desructive Testing
Authors: Чижиков  , Chizhikov Mikhail , Жуков  , Zhukov Nikolay
Published: December 2016

For more than ten years the Diagnostic Scientific and Technical Center (DSTC) "Defectoskopiya" is engaged in the development of flaw detectors using magnetic inspection method. The main object of testing were the pipes with their diameters ranging from 1020 mm to 1420 mm and wall thickness up to 28mm.

The “Orbita” Magnetic Diagnostic Complex (MDC) is the newest detector developed. It is designed for automated pipe body testing using magnetic method. MDC “Orbita” allows searching and identification of such common defects as pitting corrosion, stress corrosion, cracking, pipe wall separation, as well as changes in the pipe geometric parameters such as jam, flutes, nicks.

MDC “Orbita” performance features are the low weight, easy transportability and maintenance, indiscriminateness to the operating personnel qualifications.

The efficiency and reliability of the MDC “Orbita” components and assemblies were tested on a real pipe in field conditions (in the column for the removal of the insulating coating during the works of re-isolation section of the main ø1420 mm gas pipeline "Urengoy-Novopskov" 3007-3030 km), as well as in the pits (the main gas pipeline "Petrovsk-Novopskov" Bubnovsky LPU MG OOO "Gazprom transgaz Volgograd" on 325 and 326 kilometres MG "Petrovsk-Novopskov") during the period of April 21-23, 2015.

MDC “Orbita” is designed for external inspection of pipes coated with insulating material, or after purification, in the pits, on the inventory of resting after pruning, as well as in the column with a cleaning machine.

Operation with the scanner can take place at any time of the day, in the ambient temperature range from -200C to +400C in any weather conditions.

The operating personnel amounts to not more than two persons, the deployment time (loading from a fully disassembled state until you are ready to work including erection onto the pipe) takes not more than 15 minutes.

Mounting on a pipe in the assembled state takes not more than 1 minute.

Scanner weight does not exceed 25 kg, and when assembled it can be transported by any means of transport. Automated scanner flaw-detector tests showed the claimed technical characteristics, high reliability, the reliability of the scan results, and its handiness.
Practical Application of a Complex of NDT Methods for Assessment of Oiled Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Штенгель  , Shtengel Vyacheslav
Published: December 2016

The paper provides the results of the investigation into transformer-oiled reinforced concrete structures that has been carried out alongside with using an elastic recoil method, ultrasonic testing, and a breaking-off and chipping method. To ensure correct results, testing was applied to the adjacent oiled and dry areas of each structure. The results of all testing methods were found close to each other with regard to all data information obtained in the oiled and dry areas, i.e. no significant tendency in changing the concrete strength was noted when concrete was oiled with transformer oil. The investigation showed that traditional belief in the negative effect of oiling the concrete on physical and mechanical properties of the material is not true, at least for the transformer oil. One can assume that the oil effect on the concrete depends on the type of oil, composition (type of cement and fillers, water-to-cement content, etc) and cement structure (number of pores and microcracks), structure application environment condition, and the structure age prior to oiling, etc. Respectively, it requires a more detailed study into oiled structures in each specified case.
Scanners for Ultrasonic Inspection
Authors: Цомук  , Tsomuk Sergey , Ястребов  , Yastrebov Viktor
Published: December 2016

In recent years, to enhance flaw detection efficiency when using ultrasonic testing, phased array probes are increasingly used. However, in many cases this can also be achieved by using scanning devices with conventional piezoelectric transducers, which is much cheaper. The purpose of the article is to analyze the design and operation of such scanning devices. The article provides brief information about ultrasonic testing main scanning schemes, describes scanners that have been developed and widely used to perform inspection of welds, base metal of pipes, railcar axles and wheels. It is shown that, for large dimension objects, scanners allow not only a significant increase in the scanning performance but also solve the testing problem in principle, and (for example, when testing railcar axles) change (make it easier and cheaper) manufacturing process, including inspection operations and wage wheels repair. As a result of analysis, conclusions are made about the efficiency of using, in specific and important practical tasks, scanning devices for ultrasonic testing of steel products of different sizes, which certainly does not deny the application perspectiveness of using phased array probes.
Ideen und Diskurse im Kontext der ökonomischen Bewertung von Ökosystemleistungen
Authors: Dehnhardt Alexandra , Petschow Ulrich
Published: December 2016

Spätestens seit dem von den Vereinten Nationen ins Leben gerufenen Millennium Ecosystem Assessment steht das Konzept der Ökosystemleistungen hoch auf der politischen Agenda. Ökosystemleistungen sind der aktuellste Versuch, den Wert der Natur verstärkt in die politische Entscheidungsfindung einzubinden. Welche Rolle spielen dabei Ideen und Diskurse?
Strategic CSR, Heterogeneous Firms and Credit Constraints
Authors: Giallonardo Luisa , Mulino Marcella
Published: December 2016

We set out a model of strategic CSR with consumers’ demand for CSR products, where ethical features improve the “quality” of goods through a complementarity between production and CSR provision. Our model builds on the literature based on heterogeneous firms in monopolistic competition with quality product differentiation. By letting the optimal level of ethical standards to be endogenously determined by each profit-maximizing firm, we analyse the link between heterogeneity in productivity and CSR intensity. The analytical results are confirmed by a numerical analysis. We then consider the need for external financing, finding that credit constraints may lead active firms to reduce the optimal CSR level whereas the reputational effect of CSR firms may help in dampening the reduction in firms’ optimal CSR level. Finally, we find that policy interventions may lead to a higher level of the optimal CSR, when addressed to change firms’ incentives and consumers’ ethical awareness.
A seepage outlet boundary condition in hemodynamics modeling
Authors: He Fan , Hua Lu , Gao Li-jian
Published: December 2016

Background:

In computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for hemodynamics applications, boundary conditions remain one of the major issues in obtaining accurate fluid flow predictions.

Objective:

As an important part of the arterial circulation, microcirculation plays important roles in many aspects, such as substance exchange, interstitial fluid generation and inverse flow. It is necessary to consider microcirculation in hemodynamics modeling. This is a methodological paper to test and validate a new type of boundary condition never applied to microcirculation before.

Methods:

In order to address this issue, we introduce microcirculation as a seepage outlet boundary condition in computational hemodynamics. Microcirculation is treated as a porous medium in this paper. Numerical comparisons of the seepage and traditional boundary conditions are made.

Results:

The results show that the seepage boundary condition has significant impacts on numerical simulation. Under the seepage boundary condition, the fluctuation range of the pressures progressively rises in the artery zone. The results obtained from the traditional boundary condition show that the pressure fluctuation range gradually falls. In addition, the wall shear stresses under the traditional outlet boundary condition are much higher than those under the seepage outlet boundary condition.

Conclusions:

The proposed boundary condition is more suitable in hemodynamics modeling.
Relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count across the menstrual cycle using the Beckman Coulter Access assay in comparison with Gen II manual assay
Authors: Schiffner Julia , Roos Judith , Broomhead David , Helden Joseph van , Godehardt Erhard , Fehr Daniel , Freundl Günter , Johnson Sarah , Gnoth Christian
Published: December 2016

Background:

The study aim was to validate Beckman Coulter’s fully automated Access Immunoassay System (BC Access assay) for anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and compare it with Beckman Coulter’s Modified Manual Generation II assay (BC Mod Gen II), with regard to cycle AMH fluctuations and antral follicle counts.

Methods:

During one complete menstrual cycle, transvaginal ultrasound was performed on regularly menstruating women (n=39; 18–40years) every 2 days until the dominant ovarian follicle reached 16mm, then daily until observed ovulation; blood samples were collected throughout the cycle. Number and size of antral follicles was determined and AMH levels measured using both assays.

Results:

AMH levels measured by the BC Access assay vary over ovulatory menstrual cycles, with a statistically significant pre-ovulatory decrease from –5 to +2 days around objective ovulation. Mean luteal AMH levels were significantly lower (–7.99%) than mean follicular levels but increased again towards the end of the luteal phase. Antral follicle count can be estimated from AMH (ng/mL, BC Access assay) concentrations on any follicular phase day. BC Access assay-obtained AMH values are considerably lower compared with the BC Mod Gen II assay (–19% on average); conversion equation: AMH BC Access (ng/mL)=0.85 [AMH BC Mod Gen II (ng/mL)]

Conclusions:

AMH levels vary throughout the cycle, independently of assay utilised. A formula can be used to convert BC Access assay-obtained AMH levels to BC Mod Gen II values. The number of antral follicles can be consistently estimated from pre-ovulatory AMH levels using either assay.
Expropriation Procedures in Germany and the Netherlands: Ready for the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure?
Authors: Hoops Björn
Published: December 2016

Throughout the world, particularly in the Global South, state authorities expropriate property rights without following a fair, transparent, and participatory procedure. The Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure provide good governance standards for expropriation procedures that are the results of in-depth world-wide consultations with all stakeholders. Not only countries in the Global South, however, but also countries in Global North are meant to observe the Guidelines. Whether or not expropriation procedures in Germany and the Netherlands are ready for the Guidelines is the topic of this contribution. The Guidelines contain several recommendations for fair, transparent, and participatory expropriation procedures. The state should empower affected persons to participate. Information about the procedure and the subject-matter should be widely disseminated. Participation should take the form of deliberations at a point in time when affected persons can still influence the decision to expropriate property. Obligations to balance all involved interests and to furnish reasons should also form part of a good expropriation procedure. German and Dutch law mostly comply with these Guidelines. However, these systems do not seem to empower participants sufficiently, and do not show a sufficient commitment to deliberations among participants and between participants and the authority. Also, German law does not inform holders of contractual use rights as well as it informs holders of registered property rights.
Counterfactual Reasoning and Expropriation Compensation: An Argument for Elimination of Elimination Rules
Authors: Dyrkolbotn Sjur K
Published: December 2016

To award compensation for expropriated property, it is usually necessary to determine what the value of the property would have been if there had been no expropriation. This requires counterfactual thinking, a form of “make-believe” reasoning that legal professionals and valuators often find difficult to apply. The challenge becomes particularly difficult and important when the scheme underlying expropriation influences the value of the property that is taken. In such situations, rules developed in case law and legislation often attempt to clarify when aspects of property value should be attributed to the expropriation scheme and disregarded from further consideration. This article critically addresses elimination rules of this kind, arguing that they interfere with counterfactual assessments in ways that can render these assessments more difficult, less predictable, and more open to manipulation. To illustrate the overarching point, it is argued that recent proposals for reform in England and Wales, aiming to constrain the scope of contrary-to-fact elimination in expropriation cases, might not work as intended and could potentially make the situation worse. More broadly, the article argues that counterfactual reasoning in expropriation cases cannot be circumvented by legislative and casuistic interventions. Just as the law of tort, the law of expropriation compensation illustrates why counterfactual reasoning should be recognised as an irreducible and unique mode of legal reasoning, one that should be addressed as such by legal theorists and lawmakers alike.
Mathematical models and experimental data for HDF based sandwich panels with dual corrugated lightweight core
Authors: Smardzewski Jerzy , Jasińska Dorota
Published: December 2016

Light layer honeycomb panels could replace traditional wood materials, if their stiffness and strength properties could be improved. The aim of this research was to design and determine elastic properties of sandwich panels (SPs) based on a dual corrugated HDF core. Stiffness matrix values of elements were determined by a numerical method. The 3D calculation results were compared with those of the homogeneous model. The calculation results were collated with those of experimental investigations. It was demonstrated that the linear elasticity modulus as well as the modulus of rupture of the SPs were comparable with mechanical properties of a particle board with identical thickness, while the SP has a 1/3 lower density. The panel core exhibited significant orthotropic properties. In the xy plane it could be characterized as an auxetic structure. The homogeneous model leads to results similar to those achieved from the 3D model and observed in experimental tests.
Promotion effect of NP fire retardant pre-treatment on heat-treated poplar wood. Part 2: hygroscopicity, leaching resistance, and thermal stability
Authors: Chu Demiao , Mu Jun , Zhang Li , Li Yushuang
Published: December 2016

In continuation of the previous study concerning the effects of a combined treatment of wood with nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) fire retardant and heat treatment (HT), the hygroscopicity, leachability, thermal stability, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) properties ofPopulus beijingensisW.Y. Hsu have been investigated. The wood samples were impregnated with 10% NP fire retardant solution and exposed to HTs at 140°C–160°C for 30 min. HT of NP treated wood reduced the moisture absorption and enhanced the leaching resistance of NP and improved the thermal stability. The HT decomposes the NP and the acidity of these degradation products has a dehydration effect on the wood polysaccharides, and the number of hydroxyl groups in wood decreased substantially. The crystallinity index of the NP-impregnated and heat-treated wood also increased. The post low-temperature HT enhanced the fixation of the NP fire retardant and hydrophobicity of the NP-treated wood.
Geriatric Fracture Centre (German Trauma Society): guidelines and certification to improve geriatric trauma care
Authors: Krause Ulla , Jung Katrin
Published: December 2016

Because of demographic changes and the increasing proportion of orthogeriatric patients, the German Trauma Society (DGU) established a certification process for geriatric fracture centres (AltersTraumaZentrum DGU®). This article is a detailed illustration of the certification process and the related Registry. The main goal of the certification is to support orthogeriatric comanagement and to improve the quality of care for geriatric patients. The requirements of the Criteria Catalogue force participating centres to continuously survey and improve their standards and structures. As a result, the requirements should lead to a high quality of care. To prove that the certification leads to higher quality of care, the DGU started a Geriatric Fracture Registry (AltersTraumaRegister DGU®) in 2016, which is obligatory for all certified centres. Studies on comanaged care and the improvement of quality by certified geriatric fracture centres are planned. Further health-care research will also be possible with the collected data.
Towards a Poetics of Ageing. Private and Collective Loss in Ibn Ḥamdīs’ Late Verse
Authors: Carpentieri Nicola
Published: December 2016

This paper explores representations of old age in the poetry of Ibn Ḥamdīs (444–527/1056–1133 CE). It shows how the poet, while adhering to a codified aesthetics, creatively reworked specific sub-genres of the “qaṣīda” into a personal ‘poetics of ageing’. It is my contention that Ibn Ḥamdīs built such a poetics on binary constructions which parallel bodily deterioration with the collapse of social cohesion and the political decline of Islam in the West. The first part of the paper focuses on form. I discuss Ibn Ḥamdīs’ usage of the theme of “aš-šayb wa ’š-šabāb” within a multipartite ode, showing how, according to an established tradition, the poet used canonical motifs of old age poetry as transitional segments, enhancing the poem’s conceptual unity. The second part of the paper focuses on selected verses of nostalgia for the homeland (“al-ḥanīn ilà ’l-awṭān”), elegies (“riṯāʽ”) and ascetic poems (“zuhd”). These sub-genres are read in conjunction in order to formulate a preliminary definition of Ibn Ḥamdīs’ own ‘poetics of ageing’.
Framing the Archaeological Data in Islamic Sicily. An Outlook from the Trapani Mountains
Authors: Rotolo Antonio
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to show how a renewed theoretical and methodological approach to Islamic Sicily can provide new insights into the organization of the rural communities in the Trapani Mountains between the ninth and twelfth centuries. The first part is dedicated to the definition of ‘Islamic social formation’ and ‘tributary mode of production’, and to the integration of both concepts in the debate on al-Andalus, for the characterization of a medieval Islamic society. This theoretical background is indispensable for advocating the relevance of establishing comparisons between Islamic Sicily and al-Andalus. Finally, the last three sections will show how these new methodological approaches and their theoretical background can provide a historical interpretation of the archaeological record.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-((1E,1′E)-(((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(2,1-phenylene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(naphthalen-2-olato)nickel(II), C72H52N4O8Ni2
Authors: Li Guo qiang , Fan Run lan , He Die er , Xu Qiang
Published: December 2016

C72H52N4O8Ni2, monolinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 43.017(19) Å, b = 17.091(8) Å, c = 11.301(5) Å, β = 103.053(8)°, V = 8094(6) Å3, Z = 6, R
gt(F) = 0.0575, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1263, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (Z)-1-(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one, C14H14N2O2
Authors: Smaail Radi , Tighadouini Said , Eddike Driss , Tillard Monique , Mabkhot Yahia N.
Published: December 2016

C14H14N2O2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.6736(2) Å, b = 7.7803(4) Å, c = 28.7821(13) Å, V = 1270.5(1) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0454, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0879, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of 1-acetyl-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole, C20H21ClN2O
Authors: Zhang Kai-Xin , Dong Meng-Ya , Mei Xiang-Dong , Li Yao-Fa , Zhang Tao , She Dong-Mei , Pan Wen-Liang , Gao Zhan-Lin , Ning Jun
Published: December 2016

C20H21ClN2O, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.3888(15) Å, b = 9.6869(10) Å, c = 13.7238(17) Å, β = 96.445(12)°, V = 1768.7(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0497, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1153, T = 180.01(10) K.
Recent trends in removal and recovery of heavy metals from wastewater by electrochemical technologies
Authors: Maarof Hawaiah Imam , Daud Wan Mohd Ashri Wan , Aroua Mohamed Kheireddine
Published: December 2016

Heavy metal-laden water and wastewater pose a threat to biodiversity, including human health. Contaminated wastewater can be treated with several separation and purification methods. Among them, electrochemical treatment is a notable clean technology, versatile and environmentally compatible for the removal and recovery of inorganic pollutants from water and wastewater. Electrochemical technology provides solution for the recovery of metals in their most valuable state. This paper analyses the most recent electrochemical approaches for the removal and recovery of metal ions. Various current works involving cell design and electrode development were addressed in distinguished electrochemical processes, namely, electrodeposition, electrocoagulation, electroflotation, and electrosorption. Cathodic reduction of metal ions has been proven in result to metal deposit on the metal, metal oxide, stainless steel, and graphite electrode. However, little progress has been made toward electrode modification, particularly the cathode for the purpose of cathodic reduction and deposition. Meanwhile, emerging advanced materials, such as ionic liquids, have been presented to be prominent to the technological advancement of electrode modifications. It has been projected that by integrating different priorities into the design approach for electrochemical reactors and recent electrode developments, several insights can be obtained that will contribute toward the enhancement of the electrochemical process performance for the effective removal and recovery of heavy metals from water and wastewater in the near future.
Cocaine Promotes Coincidence Detection and Lowers Induction Threshold during Hebbian Associative Synaptic Potentiation in Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Ruan Hongyu , Yao Wei-Dong
Published: December 2016

Addictive drugs usurp neural plasticity mechanisms that normally serve reward-related learning and memory, primarily by evoking changes in glutamatergic synaptic strength in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine circuitry. Here, we show that repeated cocaine exposurein vivodoes not alter synaptic strength in the mouse prefrontal cortex during an early period of withdrawal, but instead modifies a Hebbian quantitative synaptic learning rule by broadening the temporal window and lowers the induction threshold for spike-timing-dependent LTP (t-LTP). After repeated, but not single, daily cocaine injections, t-LTP in layer V pyramidal neurons is induced at +30 ms, a normally ineffective timing interval for t-LTP induction in saline-exposed mice. This cocaine-induced, extended-timing t-LTP lasts for ∼1 week after terminating cocaine and is accompanied by an increased susceptibility to potentiation by fewer pre–post spike pairs, indicating a reduced t-LTP induction threshold. Basal synaptic strength and the maximal attainable t-LTP magnitude remain unchanged after cocaine exposure. We further show that the cocaine facilitation of t-LTP induction is caused by sensitized D1-cAMP/protein kinase A dopamine signaling in pyramidal neurons, which then pathologically recruits voltage-gatedl-type Ca2+channels that synergize with GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors to drive t-LTP at extended timing. Our results illustrate a mechanism by which cocaine, acting on a key neuromodulation pathway, modifies the coincidence detection window during Hebbian plasticity to facilitate associative synaptic potentiation in prefrontal excitatory circuits. By modifying rules that govern activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, addictive drugs can derail the experience-driven neural circuit remodeling process important for executive control of reward and addiction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is believed that addictive drugs often render an addict's brain reward system hypersensitive, leaving the individual more susceptible to relapse. We found that repeated cocaine exposure alters a Hebbian associative synaptic learning rule that governs activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the mouse prefrontal cortex, characterized by a broader temporal window and a lower threshold for spike-timing-dependent LTP (t-LTP), a cellular form of learning and memory. This rule change is caused by cocaine-exacerbated D1-cAMP/protein kinase A dopamine signaling in pyramidal neurons that in turn pathologically recruitsl-type Ca2+channels to facilitate coincidence detection during t-LTP induction. Our study provides novel insights on how cocaine, even with only brief exposure, may prime neural circuits for subsequent experience-dependent remodeling that may underlie certain addictive behavior.
Diverse mechanisms of metaeffector activity in an intracellular bacterial pathogen, Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Urbanus Malene L , Quaile Andrew T , Stogios Peter J , Morar Mariya , Rao Chitong , Di Leo Rosa , Evdokimova Elena , Lam Mandy , Oatway Christina , Cuff Marianne E , Osipiuk Jerzy , Michalska Karolina , Nocek Boguslaw P , Taipale Mikko , Savchenko Alexei , Ensminger Alexander W
Published: December 2016

Pathogens deliver complex arsenals of translocated effector proteins to host cells during infection, but the extent to which these proteins are regulated once inside the eukaryotic cell remains poorly defined. Among all bacterial pathogens, Legionella pneumophila maintains the largest known set of translocated substrates, delivering over 300 proteins to the host cell via its Type IVB, Icm/Dot translocation system. Backed by a few notable examples of effector–effector regulation in L. pneumophila, we sought to define the extent of this phenomenon through a systematic analysis of effector–effector functional interaction. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an established proxy for the eukaryotic host, to query > 108,000 pairwise genetic interactions between two compatible expression libraries of ~330 L. pneumophila‐translocated substrates. While capturing all known examples of effector–effector suppression, we identify fourteen novel translocated substrates that suppress the activity of other bacterial effectors and one pair with synergistic activities. In at least nine instances, this regulation is direct—a hallmark of an emerging class of proteins called metaeffectors, or “effectors of effectors”. Through detailed structural and functional analysis, we show that metaeffector activity derives from a diverse range of mechanisms, shapes evolution, and can be used to reveal important aspects of each cognate effector's function. Metaeffectors, along with other, indirect, forms of effector–effector modulation, may be a common feature of many intracellular pathogens—with unrealized potential to inform our understanding of how pathogens regulate their interactions with the host cell.
Emergence of a Novel Chimeric Gene Underlying Grain Number in Rice
Authors: Chen Hao , Tang Yanyan , Liu Jianfeng , Tan Lubin , Jiang Jiahuan , Wang Mumu , Zhu Zuofeng , Sun Xianyou , Sun Chuanqing
Published: December 2016

Grain number is an important factor in determining grain production of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The molecular genetic basis for grain number is complex. Discovering new genes involved in regulating rice grain number increases our knowledge regarding its molecular mechanisms and aids breeding programs. Here, we identified GRAINS NUMBER 2 (GN2), a novel gene that is responsible for rice grain number, from “Yuanjiang” common wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.). Transgenic plants overexpressing GN2 showed less grain number, reduced plant height, and later heading date than control plants. Interestingly, GN2 arose through the insertion of a 1094-bp sequence from LOC_Os02g45150 into the third exon of LOC_Os02g56630, and the inserted sequence recruited its nearby sequence to generate the chimeric GN2. The gene structure and expression pattern of GN2 were distinct from those of LOC_Os02g45150 and LOC_Os02g56630. Sequence analysis showed that GN2 may be generated in the natural population of Yuanjiang common wild rice. In this study, we identified a novel functional chimeric gene and also provided information regarding the molecular mechanisms regulating rice grain number.
J-pouchcsal rekonstruált proctocolectomia során PPH-géppel készített ileoanalis anastomosis. Tapasztalataink 88 eset kapcsán
Authors: Berki Csaba , Mohos Elemér , Réti György , Kovács Tamás , Jánó Zoltán , Mohay József , Horváth Sándor , Bognár Gábor , Bene Krisztina , Horzov Myroslav , Sándor Gábor , Tornai Gábor , Mohos Petra , Szenkovits Péter , Nagy Tibor , Orbán Csaba , Herpai Vivien , Nagy Attila
Published: December 2016

Absztrakt

Célkitűzés: Akár colitis ulcerosa (CU), akár familiaris
poliposis (FAP) miatt történik a J-pouchcsal rekonstruált proctocolectomia, a
késői komplikációk vonatkozásában lényeges a colonnyálkahártya teljes
eltávolítása, ugyanakkor a hosszú távú funkcionális eredmények érdekében nagy
jelentőségű a minél kisebb traumával járó műtéti technika. Mindkét szempontnak
megfelelni látszik az általunk 2000 óta alkalmazott, procedure for prolaps and
haemorrhoids (PPH) géppel készített ileoanalis anastomosis. Betegek és
módszer: 1990. márciustól 2016. szeptemberig 117 beteg került
osztályunkon CU vagy FAP miatt J-pouchcsal készített és ileoanalis
anastomosissal rekonstruált proctocolectomiára. Az első időszakban kézi
anastomosist készítettünk (29 beteg), majd 2000-től használtuk rutinszerűen a
PPH-gépet (88 beteg). Tehermentesítő ileostomát többnyire alkalmaztunk. A 117
beteg adatait kórházunk adatbázisából dolgoztuk fel, közülük 45 jelent meg
kontrollvizsgálaton és további 31-et telefonon értünk el, így 76 beteg (65%)
volt utánkövethető. Detektáltuk a székletürítés gyakoriságát, a
loperamidszedést, az inkontinencia fokát (Wexner-score), valamint a perianalis
dermatitist. Az átlagos követési idő a kézi varrattal készített anastomosis
csoportban 18,6 év, a PPH-géppel készített csoportban 7,6 év volt.
Eredmények: A kézzel varrt anastomosis csoportban 4/29
betegnél (13,8%) kényszerültünk a pouch exstirpatiójára és végleges ileostoma
készítésére (két pouchitis, egy pouchelhalás és egy recidív rectumtumor), a napi
átlagos székletürítés száma: 4,3, a Wexner-score 8,5 volt, 2/15 beteg él (13,3%)
inkontinencia miatt ileostomával. A PPH-géppel készített anastomosis csoportban
4/88 betegnél (4,5%) távolítottuk el a pouchot (pouchitis), átlagosan 4,0
alkalommal volt naponta székletük, az inkontinenciascore 7,6 volt, 4/61 betegnél
(6,6%) maradt inkontinencia miatt az ileostoma végleges.
Konklúzió: Tapasztalataink alapján a PPH-géppel készített
anastomosis technikailag jól kivitelezhető, elvi okok miatt a rectumnyálkahártya
eltávolításának vonatkozásában hatékony, a funkcionális eredmények szempontjából
pedig jobb eredményt észleltünk, mint a kézzel varrt anastomosis esetén.
Adataink a kis esetszám miatt további megerősítésre szorulnak.
Minimálisan invazív oesophagusreszekció nyaki anastomosissal (McKeown-műtét). Tapasztalataink 20 eset kapcsán
Authors: Mohos Elemér , Nagy Attila , Szabados György , Réti György , Kovács Tamás , Jánó Zoltán , Berki Csaba , Mohay József , Szabó Lóránt , Bene Krisztina , Bognár Gábor , Horzov Myroslav , Mohos Petra , Sándor Gábor , Tornai Gábor , Szenkovits Péter , Nagy Tibor , Orbán Csaba , Herpai Vivien
Published: December 2016

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Célkitűzés: A nyelőcső-reszekció többnyire rossz állapotú
betegeken végzett, két testüreget megnyitó műtét, ennek megfelelően magas
mortalitási és morbiditási adatokkal. Ennek javítása érdekében kerültek
bevezetésre a kisebb megterhelést jelentő, minimálisan invazív módon végzett
beavatkozások. A torakoszkóposan és laparoszkóposan végzett McKeown-műtét
közvetlen posztoperatív szakra kifejtett hatását tanulmányoztuk 20 esetünk
kapcsán, továbbá közlésre kerül az általunk alkalmazott műtéti technika.
Betegek és módszer: Osztályunkon az elmúlt négy évben 20
torakoszkópos oesophagusreszekciót végeztünk laparoszkópos gyomorcsövesítéssel
és nyaki anastomosissal. Egy beteg strictura, a másik 19 carcinoma miatt került
műtétre, közülük 11 volt T4 stádiumú. 17 betegnél történt neoadjuváns
kemoradioterápia előrehaladott stádium miatt. A rendszeres kontrollvizsgálatokat
az onkológiai ambulancia végezte. Eredmények: Átlagosan 25
hónapos követési idő után nyolc betegünk van életben, közülük kettő áll kezelés
alatt ismert recidív tumor miatt. 19 beteg a műtétet követően 12 órán belül
extubálásra került, az intenzív osztályon töltött idő egy-két napra rövidült. A
műtéti idő átlagosan 320 perc volt. Nyolc betegnél összeejtett tüdő mellett
végeztük a mellkasi dissectiót, közülük három esetében alakult ki pneumonia, míg
a ventilált tüdő mellett operált 12 beteg esetében egy alkalommal. Egy betegnél
kényszerültünk sürgős konverzióra aortasérülés miatt, amit azonnali thoracotomia
után sikerült ellátnunk. Egy beteget veszítettünk el 30 napon belül nyaki
anastomosiselégtelenség, mediastinitis, oesophagotrachealis fistula miatt. Két
betegnél kellett a posztoperatív szakban retorakoszkópiát és a ductus thoracicus
lekötését elvégeznünk chylothorax miatt. Konklúzió:
Megfigyelésünk szerint a minimálisan invazív nyelőcső-reszekció lényegesen
alacsonyabb mortalitás és morbiditás mellett vezet azonos onkológiai eredményre
a nyitottan végzett beavatkozással összehasonlítva. Ventilált tüdő mellett
végzett mellkasi dissectio után a légúti komplikációk aránya tovább csökkent.
Aorta-, illetve tracheaérintettség esetén mérlegelendő a thoracotomiából végzett
exploráció és esetleges reszekció. Tapasztalataink az alacsony betegszám miatt
további megerősítésre szorulnak.
Plasztikai sebészet és fej-nyak sebészet együttműködése nem szokványos esetek ellátása kapcsán. Veszprém, 2010–2015
Authors: Lóderer Zoltán , Piffkó József , Somlai Károly , Bognár Gábor , Sándor Gábor
Published: December 2016

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Bevezetés: A fej-nyak régióban felmerülő feladatok megoldása
gyakran társszakmák szoros együttműködését igényli, ahogy az általunk bemutatott
kihívást jelentő esetekben is. Betegek és módszer: Az első
betegnél bal arcfélen recidíváló basocellularis carcinoma miatt radikális műtét,
majd chimera I. típusú anterolateralis thigh (ALT) lebennyel rekonstrukció
történt. A második beteg esetében jobb arcfelet érintő laphámcarcinoma miatt
végeztünk radikális műtétet és chimera I. típusú thoracodorsalis lebennyel
rekonstrukciót. Harmadik betegünknél veleszületett bal oldali hemifacialis
microsomia miatt profunda arteria perforator (PAP) lebennyel történt
helyreállító műtét. A negyedik betegnél sérülésből fakadó jobb oldali
hemimandibula-hiány miatt computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing
(CAD-CAM) technikával megtervezett rekonstrukciót végeztünk
szabadfibula-átültetéssel. Eredmények: Valamennyi választott
rekonstrukciós megoldás a problémák kezelésében hatékony és biztonságos
lehetőségnek bizonyult. Következtetés: A bemutatott példákon
keresztül a maxillofacialis és plasztikai sebészet közötti együttműködés
fontosságára, a felhasznált lebenyekkel pedig a rekonstrukciós lehetőségek
eszköztárának folyamatos bővülésére szeretnénk felhívni a figyelmet.
Szívtranszplantáció és műszívkezelés költséghatékonysági elemzési modellje
Authors: Szentmihályi Ilona , Barabás János Imre , Bali Ágnes , Kapus Gábor , Tamás Csilla , Sax Balázs , Németh Endre , Pólos Miklós , Daróczi László , Kőszegi Andrea , Cao Chun , Benke Kálmán , Kovács Péter Barnabás , Fazekas Levente , Szabolcs Zoltán , Merkely Béla , Hartyánszky István
Published: December 2016

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A szívtranszplantáció kiemelt projekt lett a Semmelweis Egyetemen belül. Ennek
megfelelően a szívátültetés és a mechanikus keringéstámogatás finanszírozása is
rendkívüli jelentőséget kapott. A szerzők a transzplantációs és műszíves betegek
költségeinek összehasonlításáról végzett költséghatékonysági számítási modell
felépítéséről számolnak be. A modell megalkotásánál direkt allokációs
költségszámítást, döntésifa-modellt, inkrementális költséghatékonysági rátát és
költséghatékonysági térképmódszert használtak. Módszerükkel össze tudják
hasonlítani a műszívbeültetésen átesett és a szívtranszplantációs betegcsoportok
kezdeti, perioperatív és utókezelési költségeit. Modelljük alkalmas lehet hosszú
távú utánkövetés és kellő elemszámú beteg bevonásával költséghatékonysági
elemzések elkészítésére, gazdasági döntéstámogató következtetések
meghozatalára.
A májfunkció vizsgálata respirometriával
Authors: Strifler Gerda , Mészáros András , Pécz Daniella , Ficzere Ágnes , Baráth Bálint , Boros Mihály , Hartmann Petra
Published: December 2016

Absztrakt

A mitochondriumok kulcsfontosságú élettani feladataiknál fogva oki szerepet
játszanak számos akut és krónikus májbetegség kialakulásában, így e sejtalkotók
terápiás és lehetséges diagnosztikus célpontok is egyben. Jelen tanulmányunk
során bemutatunk egy vizsgálómódszert, amely nagy felbontású respirométer
(oxigráf) segítségével lehetővé teszi a mitochondrialis funkciók értékelését. A
vizsgálatok során friss szövetminták oxigénfogyasztásának meghatározása alapján
az oxidatív foszforilációt és a mitochondrialis légzési lánc működését nagy
pontossággal, valós időben lehet vizsgálni. A respirometriás módszer lehetőséget
adhat a műtét előtt vagy alatt vett biopsziákból a májmitochondriumok
funkcionális vizsgálatára is, így hozzájárulhat a sebészeti beavatkozások
hatékonyságának növeléséhez.
Notas críticas sobre O Capital no século XXI de Thomas Piketty
Authors: MARQUES ROSA MARIA , LEITE MARCEL GUEDES
Published: December 2016

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar alguns aspectos do último livro de Thomas Piketty, O Capital no século XXI, do ponto de vista Marxista. São abordadas as relações que fundamentam sua análise de longo prazo da desigualdade na distribuição de renda e riqueza, seus conceitos de capital e de longo prazo, bem como sua interpretação do pensamento de Marx. Também são levantados alguns problemas existentes em sua base de dados. A análise tem como ponto de partida a crítica realizada por alguns autores Marxistas de renome, tais como Michel Husson, David Harvey e Yanis Varoufakis, bem como Robert Boyer. entre as conclusões do artigo, destaca-se o fato de o estudo de Piketty estar fracamente fundamentado teoricamente.
A taxa de câmbio como instrumento do desenvolvimento econômico
Authors: Mattei Lauro , Scaramuzzi Thaís
Published: December 2016

RESUMO O artigo discute a importância da taxa de câmbio no processo de desenvolvimento econômico. Depoios de fazer uma breve discussão do tema, apresenta-se um histórico sobre a política cambial brasileira após 1995 no âmbito do programa de estabilização macroeconômica. Neste caso, discutem-se os efeitos da política cambial sobre a indústria do país realçando-se o fato de que existem evidências empíricas que apontam para a desindustrialização. Este aspecto, em grande medida, é explicado pelo comportamento dos dados sobre a intensidade tecnológica dos produtos exportados e importados. Recentemente, observou-se uma expansão bastante expressiva dos produtos não industriais na pauta do comércio externo do país, indicador que pode estar sinalizando a existência de um processo de desindustrialização em curso.
O PEIXINHO DOURADO E O SAMURAI: SUJEITO EMPÍRICO E SUJEITO EPISTEMOLÓGICO EM MICHEL FOUCAULT
Authors: Oliveira Luciano
Published: December 2016

Resumo Michel Foucault foi um dos nomes mais importantes do anti-humanismo teóricoM derivado do estruturalismo. Ao mesmo tempo, foi um aguerrido militante dos direitos humanos, inserindo-se na tradição humanista derivada do Iluminismo. Parece assim haver uma contradição entre as duas atitudes: a teórica e a prática. O artigo sustenta que não. Que a primeira atitude é própria do que chama sujeito epistemológico, e que a segunda é própria do que chama sujeito empírico. Uma e outra podem ser encontradas no mesmo indivíduo, e não apenas em Michel Foucault, porque todos nós somos capazes de ser as duas coisas ao mesmo tempo.
"NOSSO IRMÃO MAIS VELHO": FLORESTAN FERNANDES, LEITOR DE MARIÁTEGUI
Authors: Rubbo Deni Alfaro
Published: December 2016

Resumo Florestan Fernandes é um dos pioneiros na divulgação da obra de José Carlos Mariátegui no Brasil. O objetivo central deste artigo é analisar e interpretar algumas manifestações do encontro entre Florestan e Mariátegui. Em primeiro lugar, levantaremos algumas das principais ocorrências da obra do pensador peruano nos textos, entrevistas e intervenções públicas do sociólogo brasileiro. Em segundo lugar, disponibilizaremos o resultado de uma pesquisa no arquivo Fundo Florestan Fernandes, que lança luz sobre o trabalho materializado ao longo das leituras feitas por Florestan: são inúmeros grifos, anotações, questionamentos inscritos nos livros do pensador peruano que o sociólogo tinha disponíveis em sua biblioteca particular. Assim, procuraremos reforçar a ideia de que muitos dos problemas levantados pelo Amauta no Peru na década de 1920 e, por extensão, na América Latina, suscitaram realmente o interesse daquele que é considerado o maior sociólogo brasileiro.
TRABALHO RURAL: AS MARCAS DA RAÇA
Authors: Silva Maria Aparecida de Moraes
Published: December 2016

Resumo Atualmente, em grande parte dos estudos rurais brasileiros, o trabalho assalariado não faz parte dos temas investigados. Por outro lado, nos estudos referentes à produção das commodities, por meio de máquinas com tecnologias avançadas, o trabalho é ocultado e, até mesmo, negado. Diante dessas ausências, proponho uma reflexão capaz de trazer à cena os(as) trabalhadores(as) rurais e desvendar os marcadores étnico-raciais que os(as) remetem aos porões da escala social. Baseando-se na metodologia da história oral de minhas pesquisas e na análise comparativa de vários estudos latino-americanos, busco a compreensão da permanente situação de degradação do trabalho rural no capitalismo contemporâneo, no contexto das marcas históricas da colonialidade.
UM OLHAR RIZOMÁTICO SOBRE O CONCEITO DE LETRAMENTO DIGITAL
Authors: Borges Flavia Girardo Botelho
Published: December 2016

RESUMO Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise das principais concepções de letramento digital (XAVIER, 2007, 2011, LANKSHEAR; KNOBEL, 2008, SOARES, 2003), para, em seguida, propor um novo olhar para o fenômeno a partir da perspectiva do rizoma (DELEUZE; GUATTARI, 1995). O rizoma incorpora os princípios de conectividade, heterogeneidade, multiplicidade, ruptura, cartografia e decalque, que marcam a permanência e transitoriedade no entendimento do letramento digital e delineiam a complexidade do fenômeno. Para tanto, o artigo está organizado em seis seções, que recobrem a introdução e a primeira parte, que desenha o momento sócio-histórico do fenômeno abordado. Em seguida, a segunda e terceira partes apresentam o mapa conceitual do letramento digital tanto internacional quanto nacionalmente, para construir, nesta esteira, o terreno rizomático do conceito que propomos, na quarta parte. Por fim, a conclusão, na qual tecemos as considerações finais sobre este trabalho epistemológico, esperando contribuir para a discussão e estudos sobre o letramento digital na contemporaneidade.
LEITURA: EXISTE ALGUMA CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE DISTORÇÃO TEMÁTICA E MEMÓRIA?
Authors: Flôres Onici Claro
Published: December 2016

RESUMO Este artigo tematiza a inter-relação entre processamento da leitura e memória e destaca a relevância da memória para o ensino-aprendizado de leitura. Inicialmente, discorre sobre memória individual (Psicologia Cognitiva), após apresenta o ponto de vista de Stern (2002) sobre memória social, para, em seguida, comentar a perspectiva assumida pelos analistas do discurso, fazendo menção, ainda, aos estudos neurocientíficos e sua contribuição teórico-metodológica para as investigações a respeito da memória humana. Seguindo-se à apresentação dos modelos de memória, é introduzido o problema em discussão - distorção temática. A hipótese levantada é a de que um dos tipos de memória individual mais recentemente investigados - o das falsas memórias - possa se constituir no cerne desse problema interpretativo. Assim, o fato de um leitor X interpretar um texto de modo distinto daquele da maioria dos leitores do mesmo texto levou a que fossem consideradas as possíveis interferências entre fator individual e fator social, no decorrer da leitura, ambos condicionantes da interpretação/compreensão. Na ótica da autora, o texto em leitura pode ter mobilizado falsas memórias no leitor divergente, levando-o a uma interpretação discordante daquela dos demais. Essa hipótese foi confirmada pelo estudo exploratório realizado, embora este não possa ser generalizado sem que investigações posteriores aprofundem a análise feita.
REFLEXIONES Y APORTES PARA PENSAR LA CULTURA EN LA ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE DE LENGUAS EXTRANJERAS
Authors: Bugnone Ana Liza , Capasso Verónica Cecilia
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN En este artículo se analiza una perspectiva para pensar y aplicar contenidos de cultura en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera. Para ello, se presentan los presupuestos teóricos de los cuales partimos para concebir la relación entre lengua y cultura como un binomio y el vínculo entre interculturalidad y educación. Luego, se estudia el caso particular de la enseñanza de temas ligados a la cultura y la sociedad en una asignatura de un profesorado en portugués como lengua extranjera. Se plantea la forma en que en dicha materia se conciben teórica y metodológicamente los temas a dictar, enfatizando la necesidad de pensar de forma articulada la lengua y la cultura en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del portugués como lengua extranjera. Se ofrecen también algunos ejemplos que evidencian los modos de poner en práctica la perspectiva planteada, con el objeto de reflexionar sobre la misma y favorecer que sea tenida en cuenta en diversos ámbitos educativos donde se enseñe una lengua extranjera.