bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expressions of Friction Force of a Four-Point Contact Linear Ball Bearing With Two Rows Under Low-Speed Operation
Authors: Ohta Hiroyuki , Ueki Yusuke
Published: April 2022

This article deals with the expressions of friction force of a four-point contact linear ball bearing with two rows under low-speed operation. First, the slip velocity on a contact area and the equilibrium of moments acting on a ball were theoretically examined. Then, an expression for the location of the pure rolling point (where the slip velocity is zero) was derived. Using the location of the pure rolling point, expressions of the friction force were developed. Next, to confirm the validity of the developed expressions, the friction force of four-point contact linear ball bearings with two rows was measured. The results showed that the developed expressions for the friction force in this study are effective. The developed expression would be applicable for estimating the friction force as a basic performance in the design procedure and for checking the product quality in bearing manufacturing.
A monolithic three-dimensional thermal convective acoustic vector sensor with acoustic-transparent heat sink
Authors: Xu Xiang-Yuan , Ge Hao , Zhao Jing , Chen Zhi-Fei , Zhang Jun , Lu Ming-Hui , Bao Ming , Chen Yan-Feng , Li Xiao-Dong
Published: April 2022

An acoustic vector sensor can directly detect acoustic particle velocity based on the measured temperature difference between closely spaced heated wires. For the detection of velocity in three dimensions, an integrated three-dimensional (3 D) sensor is desired, but it remains challenging in MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) manufacturing. Here, a novel monolithic 3 D acoustic vector sensor is proposed, which is constructed using in-plane distributed wires assembled with acoustically transparent heat sink. The planar MEMS structure of the proposed sensor makes it easy to be fabricated and packaged. This work offers a new method for the design of acoustic vector sensors and other thermal convection-based MEMS sensors.
Great Expectations: A Critical Review of Interorganizational Relationships in Amateur Sport
Authors: Misener Katie E. , Babiak Kathy , Jones Gareth , Lindsey Iain
Published: April 2022

The study of interorganizational relationships in amateur sport has developed significantly over the past 30 years alongside rising expectations for multisector integration between sport organizations and other partners. This stems from sport organizations seeking innovative ways to achieve their mission and neoliberal government policies adding institutional pressure for interorganizational cooperation. This review paper discusses the wider cultural and political forces that shape the drive for legitimacy through partnerships across sector boundaries and outlines the theoretical influences on interorganizational relationship research in amateur sport between economic and behavioral paradigms. In addition to considering how prevailing frameworks and findings inform the current body of knowledge in sport management, we critically reflect on implicit assumptions underpinning this work given that partnerships now saturate the discourse of sport management policy and practice. Our review questions whether reality lines up with our “great expectations,” and explores what limitations and opportunities remain for future interorganizational relationships research in amateur sport.
Superconducting spin smecticity evidencing the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in Sr
2
RuO
4
Authors: Kinjo K. , Manago M. , Kitagawa S. , Mao Z. Q. , Yonezawa S. , Maeno Y. , Ishida K.
Published: April 2022

Translational symmetry breaking is antagonistic to static fluidity but can be realized in superconductors, which host a quantum-mechanical coherent fluid formed by electron pairs. A peculiar example of such a state is the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, induced by a time-reversal symmetry–breaking magnetic field applied to spin-singlet superconductors. This state is intrinsically accompanied by the superconducting spin smecticity, spin density–modulated fluidity with spontaneous translational-symmetry breaking. Detection of such spin smecticity provides unambiguous evidence for the FFLO state, but its observation has been challenging. Here, we report the characteristic “double-horn” nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum in the layered superconductor Sr
2
RuO
4
near its upper critical field, indicating the spatial sinusoidal modulation of spin density that is consistent with superconducting spin smecticity. Our work reveals that Sr
2
RuO
4
provides a versatile platform for studying FFLO physics.
Cell division in tissues enables macrophage infiltration
Authors: Akhmanova Maria , Emtenani Shamsi , Krueger Daniel , Gyoergy Attila , Guarda Mariana , Vlasov Mikhail , Vlasov Fedor , Akopian Andrei , Ratheesh Aparna , De Renzis Stefano , Siekhaus Daria E.
Published: April 2022

Cells migrate through crowded microenvironments within tissues during normal development, immune response, and cancer metastasis. Although migration through pores and tracks in the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been well studied, little is known about cellular traversal into confining cell-dense tissues. We find that embryonic tissue invasion byDrosophilamacrophages requires division of an epithelial ectodermal cell at the site of entry. Dividing ectodermal cells disassemble ECM attachment formed by integrin-mediated focal adhesions next to mesodermal cells, allowing macrophages to move their nuclei ahead and invade between two immediately adjacent tissues. Invasion efficiency depends on division frequency, but reduction of adhesion strength allows macrophage entry independently of division. This work demonstrates that tissue dynamics can regulate cellular infiltration.
Repetitive DNA in disease
Authors: Burns Kathleen H.
Published: April 2022

Transposons become a focus of speculation and scrutiny in biomedical research
Substitution mutational signatures in whole-genome–sequenced cancers in the UK population
Authors: Degasperi Andrea , Zou Xueqing , Dias Amarante Tauanne , Martinez-Martinez Andrea , Koh Gene Ching Chiek , Dias João M. L. , Heskin Laura , Chmelova Lucia , Rinaldi Giuseppe , Wang Valerie Ya Wen , Nanda Arjun S. , Bernstein Aaron , Momen Sophie E. , Young Jamie , Perez-Gil Daniel , Memari Yasin , Badja Cherif , Shooter Scott , Czarnecki Jan , Brown Matthew A. , Davies Helen R. ,   Genomics England Research Consortium†, Nik-Zainal Serena , Ambrose J. C. , Arumugam P. , Bevers R. , Bleda M. , Boardman-Pretty F. , Boustred C. R. , Brittain H. , Caulfield M. J. , Chan G. C. , Fowler T. , Giess A. , Hamblin A. , Henderson S. , Hubbard T. J. P. , Jackson R. , Jones L. J. , Kasperaviciute D. , Kayikci M. , Kousathanas A. , Lahnstein L. , Leigh S. E. A. , Leong I. U. S. , Lopez F. J. , Maleady-Crowe F. , McEntagart M. , Minneci F. , Moutsianas L. , Mueller M. , Murugaesu N. , Need A. C. , O‘Donovan P. , Odhams C. A. , Patch C. , Perez-Gil D. , Pereira M. B. , Pullinger J. , Rahim T. , Rendon A. , Rogers T. , Savage K. , Sawant K. , Scott R. H. , Siddiq A. , Sieghart A. , Smith S. C. , Sosinsky A. , Stuckey A. , Tanguy M. , Taylor Tavares A. L. , Thomas E. R. A. , Thompson S. R. , Tucci A. , Welland M. J. , Williams E. , Witkowska K. , Wood S. M.
Published: April 2022

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) permits comprehensive cancer genome analyses, revealing mutational signatures, imprints of DNA damage, and repair processes that have arisen in each patient’s cancer. We performed mutational signature analyses on 12,222 whole-genome–sequenced tumor-normal matched pairs from patients recruited via the UK National Health Service (NHS). We contrasted our results with two independent cancer WGS datasets—from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and the Hartwig Medical Foundation (HMF)—involving 18,640 whole-genome–sequenced cancers in total. Our analyses add 40 single and 18 double substitution signatures to the current mutational signature tally. We show for each organ that cancers have a limited number of common signatures and a long tail of rare signatures, and we provide a practical solution for applying this concept of common versus rare signatures to future analyses.
Superconductors gain momentum
Authors: Pavarini Eva
Published: April 2022

Spin-density modulations point to inhomogeneous superconductivity in a perovskite
Electrifying membranes to deliver hydrogen
Authors: Shih Arthur J. , Haile Sossina M.
Published: April 2022

An electrochemical membrane reactor enables efficient hydrogen generation
Resisting attack by repairing the damage
Authors: Andrews Norma W.
Published: April 2022

Removing membrane pores may help cancer cells survive T cell assault
Africa’s growing space enterprise
Authors: Aganaba Timiebi , Offiong Etim
Published: April 2022

As the world becomes increasingly dependent on satellites and other space technology, new participants from every global region are joining the “space club” to reap the benefits—expanding communication and navigation capabilities; guiding policies with Earth observations; developing economies through growth in space ventures; and deepening our understanding of the cosmos through exploration. Consequently, countries are focusing on job opportunities, competitiveness, national security, and on having a voice in the global governance of space activities. Africa not only has a growing interest in space, but African countries are realizing that there is strength in pooling their resources and efforts to grow the continent’s outer space enterprise.
Differential Response of
Candida
Species Morphologies and Isolates to Fluconazole and Boric Acid
Authors: Salama Ola E. , Gerstein Aleeza C.
Published: April 2022

Candida albicans
is the most prevalent cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis (“yeast infection” or VVC) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), although the incidence of non-
albicans
yeast species is increasing. The azole fluconazole is the primary antifungal drug used to treat RVVC, yet isolates from some species have intrinsic resistance to fluconazole, and recurrent infection can occur even with fluconazole-susceptible populations.
An Extracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factor Required for Full Virulence in Xanthomonas citri pv. citri
Authors: Lima Lídia dos Passos , Pereira Juliana Biar , Flores Anthony Jhoao Fasabi , Lorenzetti Alan Péricles Rodrigues , Boechat Ana Laura , Pereda Maria Claudia , Gualtieri Sophia , do Prado Daniele Ferreira , Rocha Diego , Ceseti Lucas de Moraes , Baldini Regina Lúcia , Farah Chuck S. , Koide Tie , Benedetti Celso Eduardo , Alvarez-Martinez Cristina E.
Published: April 2022

The
Xanthomonas
genus comprises a large number of phytopathogenic species that infect a wide variety of economically important plants worldwide. Bacterial adaptation to the plant and soil environment relies on their repertoire of signal transduction pathways, including alternative sigma factors of the extracytoplasmic function family (σ
ECF
).
Characterization of G-Quadruplexes in Enterovirus A71 Genome and Their Interaction with G-Quadruplex Ligands
Authors: Lv Lu , Zhang Leiliang
Published: April 2022

G-quadruplex is a stable nucleic acid secondary structure formed by the folding of guanine rich nucleic acid. The important regulatory function of G-quadruplex makes it an attractive target of antiviral effect.
Comparative Genomics Reveals Genetic Diversity and Metabolic Potentials of the Genus
Qipengyuania
and Suggests Fifteen Novel Species
Authors: Liu Yang , Pei Tao , Du Juan , Yao Qing , Deng Ming-Rong , Zhu Honghui
Published: April 2022

The deciphering of the phylogenetic diversity and metabolic features of the abundant bacterial taxa is critical for exploring their ecological importance and application potential.
Qipengyuania
is a genus of frequently isolated heterotrophic microorganisms with great industrial application potential. Numerous strains related to the genus
Qipengyuania
have been isolated from diverse environments, but their genomic diversity and metabolic functions remain unclear.
The Neoarchean, a turning point for geodynamic and magmatic processes within the Superior craton?
Authors: Mathieu* Lucie , Mole David , Tóth Zsuzsanna , Rubingh Kate , Haugaard Rasmus , White Shawna , Ma Chong , Frieman Ben , Lodge Robert , Sherlock Ross , Lafrance Bruno
Published: April 2022

The Neoarchean is generally considered to have been the final era of major crust formation and may have been characterized by the onset of modern plate tectonics. The Neoarchean may also have been the time interval during which subduction processes prevailed and became global. Evidence from individual cratons around the world suggests that this transition in geodynamic processes may have included diachronous and episodic major changes (i.e., turning points) and a more gradual evolution at the global scale, possibly largely driven by the secular cooling of the mantle and increasing stability of the lithosphere. The Superior craton, Canada, is the largest and best-preserved Archean craton in the world, making it an ideal location in which to investigate the occurrence (or absence) of turning points in the Neoarchean. This contribution examines the changes in geodynamic and magmatic processes that occurred during the Neoarchean, using geochemical data and new insights garnered from isotopic surveys from the southern part of the Superior craton. We summarize current understanding of the evolution of the youngest (southern) part of the Superior craton that led to the stabilization (cratonization) of this continental lithosphere and how this evolution aligns with local and global geodynamic processes.
Rapid postorogenic cooling of the Paleoproterozoic Cape Smith foreland thrust belt and footwall Archean basement, Trans-Hudson orogen, Canada
Authors: Skipton* D.R. , St-Onge M.R. , Kellett D.A. , Joyce N.L. , Smith S.
Published: April 2022

Rapid midcrustal cooling (>10 °C/m.y.) is typical of Phanerozoic orogens, but it is less commonly reported from Precambrian orogenic belts. Abundant new 40Ar/39Ar (predominantly plateau) dates reveal a period of late, rapid cooling following slow postpeak metamorphic cooling during the evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Cape Smith belt, a greenschist- to amphibolite-facies foreland thrust belt in the ca. 1.83–1.76 Ga Trans-Hudson orogen. We conducted 40Ar/39Ar step-heating analyses on biotite, hornblende, and/or muscovite from 38 samples sourced from the thrust belt and its footwall basement, the Archean Superior craton. The 40Ar/39Ar dates from the Cape Smith belt and re-equilibrated Superior craton ranged ca. 1948–1708 Ma in biotite, ca. 1801–1697 Ma in muscovite, and ca. 1764–1694 Ma in hornblende. Of these, ~70% were ca. 1740–1700 Ma plateau dates, which we interpret as cooling ages following Cape Smith belt metamorphism; gas-release spectra of older outlying dates exhibit characteristics of excess Ar. Following the metamorphic thermal peak, the belt cooled at slow rates of up to ~1 °C/m.y. until ca. 1740 Ma. Concordant biotite, muscovite, and hornblende cooling dates of ca. 1740–1700 Ma require fast, late cooling of the belt (≥4 °C/m.y.) through upper midcrustal levels (~500–300 °C), and they allow for very rapid cooling rates (≤200 °C/m.y.). Accelerated cooling rates may have been triggered by uplift in response to detachment of lower crust or subcontinental lithosphere, facilitated by the postcollisional relaxation of isotherms and structural uplift in basement-involved folds. In Superior craton basement, ca. 2704–2667 Ma 40Ar/39Ar hornblende plateau dates reflect undisturbed cooling ages following Neoarchean metamorphism, whereas younger and wide-ranging 40Ar/39Ar biotite dates (ca. 2532–1743 Ma) with variable gas-release spectra suggest spatially heterogeneous degrees of Ar resetting in biotite during Cape Smith belt tectonism. Partially reset 40Ar/39Ar biotite dates in the Superior craton up to ~100 km south of the belt suggest that the pre-erosional thrust wedge extended at least that far south, and that it imposed a widespread low-temperature (<300 °C) and/or short-lived thermal overprint on the footwall basement. Integration of multimineral 40Ar/39Ar data with structural and metamorphic constraints for the Cape Smith belt indicates that modern-style postcollisional exhumation and rapid cooling were viable processes during the middle Paleoproterozoic.
Laurentia in transition during the Mesoproterozoic: Observations and speculation on the ca. 1500–1340 Ma tectonic evolution of the southern Laurentian margin
Authors: Daniel Christopher G. , Aronoff Ruth , Indares Aphrodite , Jones III James V.
Published: April 2022

An accretionary tectonic model for the Mesoproterozoic ca. 1500–1340 Ma tectonic evolution of the southern Laurentian margin is presented. The tectonic model incorporates key observations about the nature and timing of Mesoproterozoic deposition, magmatism, regional metamorphism, and deformation across the 5000-km-long southern Laurentian margin. This time period was one of transition in the supercontinent cycle and occurred between the breakup of Columbia and the formation of Rodinia, and the southern Laurentian margin was a significant component of a much greater accretionary margin extending into Baltica and Amazonia and possibly parts of Antarctica and Australia. However, fundamental questions and contradictions remain in our understanding of the tectonic evolution of Laurentia and paleogeography during this time interval.
Tectonic evolution of the Devonian Hornelen basin of western Norway
Authors: Anders* Mark H. , Christie-Blick Nicholas , Templeton† John A.
Published: April 2022

The Hornelen basin is the largest of several Devonian terrestrial basins in west-central Norway. The basin is filled by alluvial fan and stream deposits eroded from the Caledonian highlands. These deposits form shingled strata uniformly east-dipping with a total accumulation of sediment of ~25 km, and that today stand in positive relief. The little-metamorphosed sedimentary rocks are separated from the underlying Western Gneiss Region (WGR) and Scandian nappes (Lower, Middle, and Upper Allochthons) by the west-directed Nordfjord-Sogn Detachment Zone (NSDZ). The basin’s origin has been debated for more than 50 years. In the 1960s and 1970s several workers ascribed the unusual thickness and longitudinal shingling of the strata to strike-slip deformation comparable to the late Miocene–Pliocene Ridge basin of southern California. However, the recognition of extensional mylonites beneath the basin led others to propose a different model (the scoop or supradetachment model) in which extension and basin filling were due to west-directed displacement on a low-angle normal fault. An examination of kinematic indicators on the brittle fault surface atop the NSDZ reveals consistently N-S motion suggestive of late out-of-syncline thrusting rather than west-directed extension. The purpose of this paper is to make the case for a return to the Ridge basin model for the Hornelen and Kvamshesten basins, overprinted by later north-south shortening. An ~100 km long strike-slip fault, the Bortnen fault, close to the northern margin of the Hornelen basin, may be the structure responsible for the basin’s development.
Supplemental Material: Seismic evidence for lithospheric boudinage and its implications for continental rifting
Authors: Nguyen Luan C. , al. et
Published: April 2022

Discussion of the origin of the reduced velocity in the mantle lithosphere, data coverage, and sensitivity tests. 
Clinical features and diagnosis of multiple myeloma: a population-based cohort study in primary care
Authors: Seesaghur Anouchka , Petruski-Ivleva Natalia , Banks Victoria Louise , Wang Jocelyn Ruoyi , Abbasi Ali , Neasham David , Ramasamy Karthik
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) experience significant delays in diagnosis due to non-specific symptomatology. The aim of this study was to characterise the frequency and timing of clinical features in the primary care setting prior to MM diagnosis.

Design

Population-based cohort study.

Setting

Electronic health records data of approximately 17 million patients (2006–2016) within the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Participants

Patients aged ≥18 years with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), no history of solid tumours and ≥2 years registration in a primary care practice prior to MM diagnosis.

Main outcome measures

Clinical features and symptoms including bone pain, skeletal-related events (SREs), investigation and confirmation of MM diagnostic CRAB criteria (hyperCalcaemia, Renal impairment, Anaemia, Bone lesions) during the 2 years prior to MM diagnosis; time between symptom manifestation and/or relevant investigation and diagnosis of MM.

Results

Among 2646 patients with NDMM, 47.5% had a bone pain record during the 2-year period prior to MM diagnosis, mainly affecting the back. Regardless of baseline bone pain, investigations for serum calcium level were used in 36.4% of patients prior to MM diagnosis, followed by haemoglobin (65.6%) or renal function (74.1%). Median (Q1, Q3) time from first-recorded bone pain to MM diagnosis was 220 (80, 476) days. Median (Q1, Q3) time from first-recorded hypercalcaemia, renal impairment or anaemia to MM diagnosis was 23 (12, 46), 58 (17, 254) and 73 days (28, 232), respectively. An imaging investigation or referral for imaging was recorded for 60.0% of patients with bone pain/SRE and 32% without.

Conclusions

Nearly half of patients diagnosed with NDMM presented with bone pain approximately 7 months prior to MM diagnosis. Investigations to evaluate all CRAB criteria, including targeted imaging, were underused. Early recognition of myeloma clinical features and optimised use of investigations in primary care may potentially expedite MM diagnosis.
Trackability of distal access catheters: an in vitro quantitative evaluation of navigation strategies
Authors: Li Jiahui , Tomasello Alejandro , Requena Manuel , Canals Pere , Tiberi Riccardo , Galve Iñaki , Engel Elisabeth , Kallmes David F , Castaño Oscar , Ribo Marc
Published: April 2022

Background

In mechanical thrombectomy (MT), distal access catheters (DACs) are tracked through the vascular anatomy to reach the occlusion site. The inability of DACs to reach the occlusion site has been reported as a predictor of unsuccessful recanalization. This study aims to provide insight into how to navigate devices through the vascular anatomy with minimal track forces, since higher forces may imply more risk of vascular injuries.

Methods

We designed an experimental setup to monitor DAC track forces when navigating through an in vitro anatomical model. Experiments were recorded to study mechanical behaviors such as tension buildup against vessel walls, DAC buckling, and abrupt advancements. A multiple regression analysis was performed to predict track forces from the catheters’ design specifications.

Results

DACs were successfully delivered to the target M1 in 60 of 63 in vitro experiments (95.2%). Compared to navigation with unsupported DAC, the concomitant coaxial use of a microcatheter/microguidewire and microcatheter/stent retriever anchoring significantly reduced the track forces by about 63% and 77%, respectively (p<0.01). The presence of the braid pattern in the reinforcement significantly reduced the track forces regardless of the technique used (p<0.05). Combined coil and braid reinforcement configuration, as compared with coil alone, and a thinner distal wall were predictors of lower track force when navigating with unsupported DAC.

Conclusions

The use of microcatheter and stent retriever facilitate smooth navigation of DACs through the vascular tortuosity to reach the occlusion site, which in turn improves the reliability of tracking when positioning the DAC closer to the thrombus interface.
Shield kinematics and its influence on ground settlement in ultra-soft soil: a case study in Suzhou
Authors: Jin Hui , Yuan Dajun , Jin Dalong , Wu Jin , Wang Xuyang , Han Bingyu , Mao Jiahua
Published: April 2022

Construction of tunnels using a shield in very soft soil may result in serious shield alignment problems and ground settlement. This paper presents a detailed field instrumentation program that was conducted for the construction of the Suzhou Metro Tunnel-Line S1 in China. The characteristics of the shield kinematics in ultra-soft soil and ground responses were examined, and the mechanisms of ground movements and pore water pressure corresponding to shield motions and construction parameters were interpreted and discussed. In addition, a calculation method for ground loss corrected by shield posture was established, based on which a corresponding volume of the grout required was recommended. The results indicated that the shield typically tunnels in very soft soil with increasing inclination mode characterized by a rising tail owing to the floating segment and with a changing inclination mode characterized by a sudden downward movement and subsequent steering of the shield upon encountering hard soil. Consequently, with the uplifting of the shield tail, it was found that the ground heaves and settles with a change in the shield posture. Moreover, a large longitudinal uneven deformation of the lining was found to occur in most of the above situations, while the pore water pressure was minimally affected by the shield posture.
The effects of grinding and pelleting on nutrient composition of Canadian pulses
Authors: Cargo-Froom Cara L. , Newkirk Rex W. , Marinangeli Christopher P.F. , Shoveller Anna K. , Ai Yongfeng , Kiarie Elijah G. , Columbus Daniel A.
Published: April 2022

Understanding the effects of processing pulses is required for their effective incorporation into livestock feed. To determine the impact of processing, Canadian peas, lentils, chickpeas, and faba beans, plus soybean meal (SBM; as a comparison), were ground into fine and coarse products and pelleted at three different temperatures (60–65, 70–75, and 80–85 °C). Grinding increased crude protein content in all the pulses ( P < 0.05), but did not affect most amino acids (AA) ( P > 0.05). Pelleting increased crude protein content in Amarillo peas, Dun peas, and lentils ( P < 0.05), but decreased in SBM ( P < 0.05). Pelleting increased cysteine, lysine (Lys), and methionine, and decreased histidine and tyrosine (Tyr) in most pulses ( P < 0.05). Comparatively, pelleting significantly increased Lys and decreased Tyr content in SBM ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that processing can positively affect protein and AA content of pulses. However, specific effects on nutritional composition differed across ingredient type.
A climate-resilient marine conservation network for Canada
Authors: Bryndum-Buchholz A. , Boerder K. , Stanley R.R.E. , Hurley I. , Boyce D.G. , Dunmall K.M. , Hunter K.L. , Lotze H.K. , Shackell N.L. , Worm B. , Tittensor D.P.
Published: April 2022

Climate change and biodiversity loss are twin crises that are driving global marine conservation efforts. However, if unaccounted for, climate change can undermine the efficacy of such efforts. Despite this, integration of climate change adaptation and resilience into spatial marine conservation and management has been limited in Canada and elsewhere. With climate change impacts becoming increasingly severe, now is the time to anticipate and reduce impacts wherever possible. We provide five recommendations for an inclusive, proactive, climate-ready approach for Canada’s growing marine conservation network: (1) integrating climate-resilience as a universal objective of the Canadian Marine Conservation Network, creating and implementing (2) national transdisciplinary working groups with representation from all knowledge holders and (3) necessary tools that integrate climate change into conservation design, (4) defining operational and climate-relevant monitoring and management objectives, and (5) strengthening communication and increasing knowledge exchange around the roles and benefits of protected areas within government and towards the public. Canada’s extensive marine and coastal areas reflect national and international responsibility to engage on this issue. Canada is well positioned to assume a leading role in climate change adaptation for marine conservation and help accelerate progress towards international commitments around mitigating ongoing biodiversity loss and climate change.
The plain and simple parquet approximation: single-and multi-boson exchange in the two-dimensional Hubbard model
Authors: Krien Friedrich , Kauch Anna
Published: April 2022

The parquet approach to vertex corrections is unbiased but computationally demanding. Most applications are therefore restricted to small cluster sizes or rely on various simplifying approximations. We have recently shown that the bosonization of the parquet diagrams provides interpretative and algorithmic advantages over the original purely fermionic formulation. Here, we present first results of the numerical implementation of this method by applying it to the half-filled Hubbard model on the square lattice at weak coupling. The improved algorithmic performance allows us to evaluate the parquet approximation for a $$16\times 16$$

16
×
16

lattice, retaining the full momentum and frequency structure of the various vertex functions. We discuss their symmetries and consider parametrizations of their momentum dependence using the truncated-unity approximation.

Graphical abstract
QLBT: a linear Boltzmann transport model for heavy quarks in a quark-gluon plasma of quasi-particles
Authors: Liu Feng-Lei , Xing Wen-Jing , Wu Xiang-Yu , Qin Guang-You , Cao Shanshan , Wang Xin-Nian
Published: April 2022

We develop a new heavy quark transport model, QLBT, to simulate the dynamical propagation of heavy quarks inside the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Our QLBT model is based on the linear Boltzmann transport (LBT) model with the ideal QGP replaced by a collection of quasi-particles to account for the non-perturbative interactions among quarks and gluons of the hot QGP. The thermal masses of quasi-particles are fitted to the equation of state from lattice QCD simulations using the Bayesian statistical analysis method. Combining QLBT with our advanced hybrid fragmentation-coalescence hadronization approach, we calculate the nuclear modification factor $$R_\mathrm {AA}$$

R
AA

and the elliptic flow $$v_2$$

v
2

of D mesons at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider. By comparing our QLBT calculation to the experimental data on the D meson $$R_\mathrm {AA}$$

R
AA

and $$v_2$$

v
2

, we extract the heavy quark transport parameter $$\hat{q}$$

q
^

and diffusion coefficient $$D_\mathrm {s}$$

D
s

in the temperature range of $$1-4~T_\mathrm {c}$$

1
-
4

T
c

, and compare them with the lattice QCD results and other phenomenological studies.
A New Formula for Predicting Lateral Distortional Buckling Strength of I-Beams Subjected to Different Loading Conditions
Authors: Rossi Alexandre , Hosseinpour Mahmoud , Martins Carlos Humberto , Sharifi Yasser
Published: April 2022

Lateral distortional buckling (LDB) mode has been investigated as one of the failure modes in steel I-beams. The LDB mode in such beams is known by simultaneous lateral deflection, twist, and cross-sectional change due to web distortion. However, many studies have been conducted to investigate the behavior of this failure mode; so far, no formula has been found to calculate the ultimate LDB resistance of I-beams, which also takes into account the effect of different loading conditions. Consequently, in the current paper, by conducting an extensive parametric study, it was tried to investigate the effect of all main parameters as well as the effect of different loading conditions on the ultimate LDB resistance of I-shaped beams. Then, based on the provided database, the artificial neural network (ANN) method was employed, and based on it, a high-precision formulation was proposed to predict the ultimate LDB strength of steel I-beams. In addition to the ANN method, a regression-based formula was also developed as a classical method to examine the differences between the two methods. Finally, the proposed formulas were compared with other existing formulas for estimating the LDB strength. The results showed that the proposed formula based on ANN not only presents a reasonable accuracy compared to the existing formulations but also can be used by engineers as practical equations in the design of I-beams.
Influence of doping Sn direction and concentration on vanadium pentoxide based on density functional theory
Authors: He Lijun , He Chengyun , Zhao Boyang , Xie Zhiyang , Long Xing , Zhang Zhaopeng , Qi Fei , Zhang Nan
Published: April 2022

Based on the first-principles calculation method of density functional theory, the influence of different directions and concentrations of Sn doping on V2O5was discussed. The doping formation energy, electronic density of states, and isosurface charge density of different Sn doping directions and doping concentration structures are calculated. The calculation results of five different crystal orientation doping models show that the doped structure along the [111] crystal orientation has a smaller doping formation energy of 1.879 eV, which has the best electrical properties and the largest charge density. And the charge distribution is the most concentrated. It is most conducive to the formation of conductive filaments. In addition, as the doping concentration increases, the charge density gradually increases. When the doping concentration is 3.174%, the peak impurity energy level is the highest and the band gap is the smallest. At the same time, there is a tendency to form conductive filaments in the direction of charge extension [111], and the resistance change characteristics of vanadium pentoxide are best improved. The research results of this paper can provide certain theoretical guidance for improving the performance of resistive random access memory based on vanadium pentoxide.
Insighting the Therapeutic Potential of Fifty (50) Shogaol Derivatives Against Mproof SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Muhammad Shabbir , Amin Saniyah , Iqbal Javed , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Alarfaji Saleh S. , Ilyas Mubashar , Atif Muhammad , Ullah Sami
Published: April 2022

SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19 disease, has proven to be a disastrous pandemic due to its contagious nature. This study has been planned to theoretically explore some antidotes against this virus from natural compounds. A total of 150 compounds from the shogaol class and shogaol derivatives (SDs) have been screened whereas 50 among those, which obeyed Lipinski’s Rule of Five (Ro5), have further been investigated using molecular docking techniques. Furthermore, reference antiviral drug chloroquine (ChQ) and Co-Crystallized inhibitor have also been studied against Mproof SARS-CoV-2 for comparing the potential of our docked ligands. Surprisingly, 78% of our docked ligands have shown binding energies and inhibition constants lower than ChQ and all ligands showed these values lower than an inhibitor. We further visualized the nature of intermolecular interactions for the best docked six ligands, which have shown higher binding affinities. We have also assessed ADMET properties for three ligands that displayed visually the best intermolecular interactions. Quantum analysis of three selected ligands L4, L5, and L9 has proved their reactivity and kinetic stability. Moreover, molecular dynamic simulations over 60[Formula: see text]ns have been run for free Mproand its selected three ligand-protein complexes for evaluating conformational stability and residual flexibility of docked complexes. Furthermore, 100[Formula: see text]ns the MD simulations have been performed for two ligand complexes L4, L5 (with negative binding free energy), and inhibitor. Available parameters suggest stable complexes for our ligands and could be active drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in near future.
FPGA HLS Today: Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Cong Jason , Lau Jason , Liu Gai , Neuendorffer Stephen , Pan Peichen , Vissers Kees , Zhang Zhiru
Published: April 2022

The year 2011 marked an important transition for FPGA high-level synthesis (HLS), as it went from prototyping to deployment. A decade later, in this article, we assess the progress of the deployment of HLS technology and highlight the successes in several application domains, including deep learning, video transcoding, graph processing, and genome sequencing. We also discuss the challenges faced by today’s HLS technology and the opportunities for further research and development, especially in the areas of achieving high clock frequency, coping with complex pragmas and system integration, legacy code transformation, building on open source HLS infrastructures, supporting domain-specific languages, and standardization. It is our hope that this article will inspire more research on FPGA HLS and bring it to a new height.
Designing Spellcasters from Clinician Perspectives: A Customizable Gesture-Based Immersive Virtual Reality Game for Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Duval Jared , Thakkar Rutul , Du Delong , Chin Kassandra , Luo Sherry , Elor Aviv , El-Nasr Magy Seif , John Michael
Published: April 2022

Developing games is time-consuming and costly. Overly clinical therapy games run the risk of being boring, which defeats the purpose of using games to motivate healing in the first place [
10
,
23
]. In this work, we adapt and repurpose an existing immersive virtual reality (iVR) game, Spellcasters, originally designed purely for entertainment for use as a stroke rehabilitation game—which is particularly relevant in the wake of COVID-19, where telehealth solutions are increasingly needed [
4
]. In preparation for participatory design sessions with stroke survivors, we collaborate with 14 medical professionals to ensure Spellcasters is safe and therapeutically valid for clinical adoption. We present our novel VR sandbox implementation that allows medical professionals to customize appropriate gestures and interactions for each patient’s unique needs. Additionally, we share a co-designed companion app prototype based on clinicians’ preferred data reporting mechanisms for telehealth. We discuss insights about adapting and repurposing entertainment games as serious games for health, features that clinicians value, and the potential broader impacts of applications like Spellcasters for stroke management.
Tannery Dye Wastewater Treatment in Batch and Once through Continuous Mode by Electro-Oxidation Using MMO Electrode
Authors: Suman Harshika , Sangal Vikas K
Published: April 2022

Treatment of tannery wastewater is challenging because dye concentrations in tannery wastewater are typically lower than any other chemical compound, but their high molar extinction coefficients result in waste streams with heavy coloration even at very low concentrations. In the present work, treatment of Acid Black 210 dye wastewater in batch and once through continuous mode by electro-oxidation through novel Mix Metal Oxide Ti/TiO2-RuO2-IrO2 electrode was explored. The effects of parameters were studied in a laboratory scale to observe the effects on color removal, degradation, and energy consumption efficiency. A response surface methodology with a full factorial BBD model was used for designing and optimizing responses. Multi-response optimization with a desirability function was used to optimize the multiple responses. Optimum conditions for 500 ppm Acid Black 210 dye were achieved at a current intensity of 1.6 A, pH of 6.48, and treatment time of 35 min. The BBD model efficiently interacts between optimizing variables, and its prediction matched the experiment results. At the optimum condition, a once-through continuous setup was run for the flow rates ranging from 5–30 ml min−1. The intermediates formed during the treatment process were analyzed through GC-MS. TOC removal, COD removal, and toxicity bioassay of the sample was also done for disposability analysis.
High-Efficiency and High-Quality Photogalvanic Etching of the Silicon Doped N-Type Gallium Nitride Using Potassium Peroxomonosulfate Oxidant
Authors: Guo Sai , Zhang Mingming , Qiao Liqing , Hu Huiqing , Shi Kang
Published: April 2022

Photogalvanic etching, or photo-assisted electroless etching, is a simple wet-etching approach to fabricate n-type gallium nitride (GaN)-based devices without any external power supply. However, the current technology is far from practical because efficient etching can only be realized by a potassium persulfate (PS) oxidant/alkaline electrolyte system that inevitably bends the etching surface. In this study, we proposed and tested a new potassium peroxomonosulfate (PMS) oxidant/weak acid electrolyte system for the photogalvanic etching of platinum (Pt) photo-mask patterned GaN wafers. A novel finding is that Pt can catalyze PMS decomposition in acids, predominantly generating singlet oxygen (1O2), whose onset reduction potential is 0.95 V higher than PS. Under 25.4 mW.cm2 ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, PS-driven photogalvanic etching of inert silicon-doped GaN (si-GaN) wafers is invalid, whereas the new system enables high efficiency and quality etching in 20 mM PMS + 0.1 M K2SO4 electrolyte (pH = 3.0). The etching rate reaches 12.0 nm.min−1, while the as-prepared groove bottoms have nanometer surface flatness, and the surface roughness (Ra) attains 5.25 nm (5 × 5 μm2). In summary, the PMS/weak acid electrolyte system makes photogalvanic etching is a promising practical technique.
Using the Teaching Career Enhancement Award from the American Physiological Society to train faculty to successfully implement flipped teaching
Authors: Halpin Patricia A. , Gopalan Chaya
Published: April 2022

Flipped teaching (FT) is a student-centered instructional method that shifts lectures out of the classroom and uses a variety of activities to apply content during class time. FT has gained attention among educators as a student-centered instructional method. However, many faculty still lack the skills, knowledge, confidence, and expertise to implement FT in their classrooms. Therefore, course-specific training and focused mentorship are critical in successfully implementing FT. Four faculty members, from an adjunct professor to a full professor, from four diverse institutions around the country, were recruited and funded through the American Physiological Society’s Teaching Career Enhancement Award to receive training in the implementation of FT in their courses. This study aimed to provide specific tools and strategies to engage students in deeper learning through activities in the participants’ courses. A course was built using the Blackboard Learning Management System for the participants to receive relevant readings to be completed prior to the FT workshop. Upon completing this training, the participants examined the design and execution of FT in their classrooms and, subsequently, reflected on and refined their future course offerings. The facilitator mentored the participants throughout the process, including an on-site observation of a live FT session. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected before and after their FT experiences. Based on the survey results, this study helped improve the FT knowledge and self-efficacy of all participants. In conclusion, the faculty utilized the training and mentoring to implement FT in their classrooms successfully and disseminate their experiences and findings.
13C-glucose-fructose labeling reveals comparable exogenous CHO oxidation during exercise when consuming 120 g/h in fluid, gel, jelly chew, or coingestion
Authors: Hearris Mark A. , Pugh Jamie N. , Langan-Evans Carl , Mann Stephen J. , Burke Louise , Stellingwerff Trent , Gonzalez Javier T. , Morton James P.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate comparable rates of exogenous CHO oxidation from fluid, semisolid, solid, or a combination of sources. Considering the sustained high rates of total and exogenous CHO oxidation and relative lack of gastrointestinal symptoms, consuming 120 g CHO·h−1 appears to be a well-tolerated strategy to promote high CHO availability during exercise. Additionally, this is the first time that rates of exogenous CHO oxidation have been assessed with feeding strategies (e.g., coingestion of multiple CHO forms) typically reported by endurance athletes.
Respiratory effects caused by exposure to diesel exhaust particles during moderate exercise: a murine model
Authors: Naidu Soujanya Talapala , Ferreira Ruth Mesquita , Oliveira Tatiana de Queiroz , Gondim Fladimir de Lima , Serra Daniel Silveira , Cavalcante Francisco Sales Ávila
Published: April 2022

Exercise, while beneficial, is often performed in areas of greater inhaled particulates. Here we show this effect using mice exposed to controlled diesel particle inhalation and moderate aerobic exercise. Diesel particle inhalation, without or with exercise, both worsened respiratory mechanical properties associated with changes in lung tissue mechanics and morphometry.
Concurrent B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma/Leukemia and Monoclonal B Cell Lymphocytosis: A Case Report with Extensive Molecular Analysis
Authors: Mehdipour Dalivand Maryam , Tizro Parastou , Partain Julie , Aggarwal Anita , Lichy Jack , Mot Ara Francisco , Nava Victor E.
Published: April 2022

Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) are common neoplasia, a simultaneous presentation is very unusual. Here, we present two different B cell clones, MBL and B-ALL, cocirculating in a 78-year-old African American male. Detailed molecular characterization revealed an unusual MPL (T487I) point mutation and unmutated VH4-39. After nonstandard chemotherapy, the patient remains in morphologic remission. These findings may stimulate further research to clarify the pathogenesis of hematologic neoplasms.
Artificial Intelligence Enabled Fully Automated CMR Function Quantification for Optimized Risk Stratification in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Evertz Ruben , Lange Torben , Backhaus Sören J. , Schulz Alexander , Beuthner Bo Eric , Topci Rodi , Toischer Karl , Puls Miriam , Kowallick Johannes T. , Hasenfuß Gerd , Schuster Andreas
Published: April 2022

Background. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is considered the reference standard for assessing cardiac morphology and function and has demonstrated prognostic utility in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Novel fully automated analyses may facilitate data analyses but have not yet been compared against conventional manual data acquisition in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Methods. Fully automated and manual biventricular assessments were performed in 139 AS patients scheduled for TAVR using commercially available software (suiteHEART®, Neosoft; QMass®, Medis Medical Imaging Systems). Volumetric assessment included left ventricular (LV) mass, LV/right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic/end-systolic volume, LV/RV stroke volume, and LV/RV ejection fraction (EF). Results of fully automated and manual analyses were compared. Regression analyses and receiver operator characteristics including area under the curve (AUC) calculation for prediction of the primary study endpoint cardiovascular (CV) death were performed. Results. Fully automated and manual assessment of LVEF revealed similar prediction of CV mortality in univariable (manual: hazard ratio (HR) 0.970 (95% CI 0.943–0.997)

p
=
0.032

; automated: HR 0.967 (95% CI 0.939–0.995)

p
=
0.022

) and multivariable analyses (model 1: (including significant univariable parameters) manual: HR 0.968 (95% CI 0.938–0.999)

p
=
0.043

; automated: HR 0.963 [95% CI 0.933–0.995]

p
=
0.024

; model 2: (including CV risk factors) manual: HR 0.962 (95% CI 0.920–0.996)

p
=
0.027

; automated: HR 0.954 (95% CI 0.920–0.989)

p
=
0.011

). There were no differences in AUC (LVEF fully automated: 0.686; manual: 0.661;

p
=
0.21

). Absolute values of LV volumes differed significantly between automated and manual approaches (

p
<
0.001

for all). Fully automated quantification resulted in a time saving of 10 minutes per patient. Conclusion. Fully automated biventricular volumetric assessments enable efficient and equal risk prediction compared to conventional manual approaches. In addition to significant time saving, this may provide the tools for optimized clinical management and stratification of patients with severe AS undergoing TAVR.