bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Functional Small Molecule Alleviates Fracture Pain and Promotes Bone Healing
Authors: Shih Yu‐Ru V. , Kingsley David , Newman Hunter , Hoque Jiaul , Gupta Ankita , Lascelles B. Duncan X. , Varghese Shyni
Published: November 2023

Bone injuries such as fractures are one major cause of morbidities worldwide. A considerable number of fractures suffer from delayed healing, and the unresolved acute pain may transition to chronic and maladaptive pain. Current management of pain involves treatment with NSAIDs and opioids with substantial adverse effects. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that the purine molecule, adenosine, can simultaneously alleviate pain and promote healing in a mouse model of tibial fracture by targeting distinctive adenosine receptor subtypes in different cell populations. To achieve this, a biomaterial‐assisted delivery of adenosine is utilized to localize and prolong its therapeutic effect at the injury site. The results demonstrate that local delivery of adenosine inhibited the nociceptive activity of peripheral neurons through activation of adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1) and mitigated pain as demonstrated by weight bearing and open field movement tests. Concurrently, local delivery of adenosine at the fracture site promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells through adenosine A2B receptor (ADORA2B) resulting in improved bone healing as shown by histological analyses and microCT imaging. This study demonstrates the dual role of adenosine and its material‐assisted local delivery as a feasible therapeutic approach to treat bone trauma and associated pain.
3D Printed Conformal Strain and Humidity Sensors for Human Motion Prediction and Health Monitoring via Machine Learning
Authors: Hou Yanbei , Gao Ming , Gao Jingwen , Zhao Lihua , Teo Edwin Hang Tong , Wang Dong , Qi H. Jerry , Zhou Kun
Published: November 2023

Wearable sensors have garnered considerable attention due to their flexibility and lightweight characteristics in the realm of healthcare applications. However, developing robust wearable sensors with facile fabrication and good conformity remains a challenge. In this study, a conductive graphene nanoplate‐carbon nanotube (GC) ink is synthesized for multi jet fusion (MJF) printing. The layer‐by‐layer fabrication process of MJF not only improves the mechanical and flame‐retardant properties of the printed GC sensor but also bolsters its robustness and sensitivity. The direction of sensor bending significantly impacts the relative resistance changes, allowing for precise investigations of joint motions in the human body, such as those of the fingers, wrists, elbows, necks, and knees. Furthermore, the data of resistance changes collected by the GC sensor are utilized to train a support vector machine with a 95.83% accuracy rate for predicting human motions. Due to its stable humidity sensitivity, the sensor also demonstrates excellent performance in monitoring human breath and predicting breath modes (normal, fast, and deep breath), thereby expanding its potential applications in healthcare. This work opens up new avenues for using MJF‐printed wearable sensors for a variety of healthcare applications.
Widefield Diamond Quantum Sensing with Neuromorphic Vision Sensors
Authors: Du Zhiyuan , Gupta Madhav , Xu Feng , Zhang Kai , Zhang Jiahua , Zhou Yan , Liu Yiyao , Wang Zhenyu , Wrachtrup Jörg , Wong Ngai , Li Can , Chu Zhiqin
Published: November 2023

Despite increasing interest in developing ultrasensitive widefield diamond magnetometry for various applications, achieving high temporal resolution and sensitivity simultaneously remains a key challenge. This is largely due to the transfer and processing of massive amounts of data from the frame‐based sensor to capture the widefield fluorescence intensity of spin defects in diamonds. In this study, a neuromorphic vision sensor to encode the changes of fluorescence intensity into spikes in the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements is adopted, closely resembling the operation of the human vision system, which leads to highly compressed data volume and reduced latency. It also results in a vast dynamic range, high temporal resolution, and exceptional signal‐to‐background ratio. After a thorough theoretical evaluation, the experiment with an off‐the‐shelf event camera demonstrated a 13× improvement in temporal resolution with comparable precision of detecting ODMR resonance frequencies compared with the state‐of‐the‐art highly specialized frame‐based approach. It is successfully deploy this technology in monitoring dynamically modulated laser heating of gold nanoparticles coated on a diamond surface, a recognizably difficult task using existing approaches. The current development provides new insights for high‐precision and low‐latency widefield quantum sensing, with possibilities for integration with emerging memory devices to realize more intelligent quantum sensors.
Unleashing the Potential of MXene‐Based Flexible Materials for High‐Performance Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Zhou Yunlei , Yin Liting , Xiang Shuangfei , Yu Sheng , Johnson Hannah M. , Wang Shaolei , Yin Junyi , Zhao Jie , Luo Yang , Chu Paul K.
Published: November 2023

Since the initial discovery of Ti3C2 a decade ago, there has been a significant surge of interest in 2D MXenes and MXene‐based composites. This can be attributed to the remarkable intrinsic properties exhibited by MXenes, including metallic conductivity, abundant functional groups, unique layered microstructure, and the ability to control interlayer spacing. These properties contribute to the exceptional electrical and mechanical performance of MXenes, rendering them highly suitable for implementation as candidate materials in flexible and wearable energy storage devices. Recently, a substantial number of novel research has been dedicated to exploring MXene‐based flexible materials with diverse functionalities and specifically designed structures, aiming to enhance the efficiency of energy storage systems. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and fabrication strategies employed in the development of these diverse MXene‐based materials is provided. Furthermore, an in‐depth analysis of the energy storage applications exhibited by these innovative flexible materials, encompassing supercapacitors, Li‐ion batteries, Li–S batteries, and other potential avenues, is conducted. In addition to presenting the current state of the field, the challenges encountered in the implementation of MXene‐based flexible materials are also highlighted and insights are provided into future research directions and prospects.
Critical Review on Crystal Orientation Engineering of Antimony Chalcogenide Thin Film for Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Li Ke , Tang Rongfeng , Zhu Changfei , Chen Tao
Published: November 2023

The emerging antimony chalcogenide (Sb2(SxSe1−x)3, 0 ≤x≤ 1) semiconductors are featured as quasi‐1D structures comprising (Sb4S(e)6)nribbons, this structural characteristic generates facet‐dependent properties such as directional charge transfer and trap states. In terms of carrier transport, proper control over the crystal nucleation and growth conditions can promote preferentially oriented growth of favorable crystal planes, thus enabling efficient electron transport along (Sb4S(e)6)nribbons. Furthermore, an in‐depth understanding of the origin and impact of the crystal orientation of Sb2(SxSe1−x)3films on the performance of corresponding photovoltaic devices is expected to lead to a breakthrough in power conversion efficiency. In fact, there are many studies on the orientation control of Sb2(SxSe1−x)3colloidal nanomaterials. However, the synthesis of Sb2(SxSe1−x)3thin films with controlled facets has recently been a focus in optoelectronic device applications. This work summarizes methodologies that are applied in the fabrication of preferentially oriented Sb2(SxSe1−x)3films, including treatment strategies developed for crystal orientation engineering in each process. The mechanisms in the orientation control are thoroughly analyzed. An outlook on perspectives for the future development of Sb2(SxSe1−x)3solar cells based on recent research and issues on orientation control is finally provided.
Modulating Smart Mechanoluminescent Phosphors for Multistimuli Responsive Optical Wood
Authors: Luo Jiangcheng , Ren Biyun , Zhang Xianhui , Zhu Mingju , Liang Tianlong , Huang Zefeng , Zheng Yuantian , Li Xu , Li Jianwei , Zheng Zitong , Chen Bing , Fu Yu , Tu Dong , Wang Yu , Jia Yanmin , Peng Dengfeng
Published: November 2023

Mechanoluminescence is a smart light‐emitting phenomenon in which applied mechanical energy is directly converted into photon emissions. In particular, mechanoluminescent materials have shown considerable potential for applications in the fields of energy and sensing. This study thoroughly investigates the mechanoluminescence and long afterglow properties of singly doped and codoped Sr2MgSi2O7(SMSO) with varying concentrations of Eu2+ and Dy3+ ions. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of its multimode luminescence properties, including photoluminescence, mechanoluminescence, long afterglow, and X‐ray‐induced luminescence, is conducted. In addition, the density of states mapping is acquired through first‐principles calculations, confirming that the enhanced mechanoluminescence properties of SMSO primarily stem from the deep trap introduced by Dy3+. In contrast to traditional mixing with Polydimethylsiloxane, in this study, the powders are incorporated into optically transparent wood to produce a multiresponse with mechanoluminescence, long afterglow, and X‐ray‐excited luminescence. This structure is achieved by pretreating natural wood, eliminating lignin, and subsequently modifying the wood to overall modification using various smart phosphors and epoxy resin composites. After natural drying, a multifunctional composite wood structure with diverse luminescence properties is obtained. Owing to its environmental friendliness, sustainability, self‐power, and cost‐effectiveness, this smart mechanoluminescence wood is anticipated to find extensive applications in construction materials and energy‐efficient displays.
Fine‐Tuning X‐Ray Sensitivity in Organic–Inorganic Hybrids via an Unprecedented Mixed‐Ligand Strategy
Authors: Lu Huangjie , Zheng Zhaofa , Hou Huiliang , Bai Yaoyao , Qiu Jie , Wang Jian‐Qiang , Lin Jian
Published: November 2023

Crystalline organic–inorganic hybrids, which exhibit colorimetric responses to ionizing radiation, have recently been recognized as promising alternatives to conventional X‐ray dosimeters. However, X‐ray‐responsive organic–inorganic hybrids are scarce and the strategy to fine‐tune their detection sensitivity remains elusive. Herein, an unprecedented mixed‐ligand strategy is reported to modulate the X‐ray detection efficacy of organic–inorganic hybrids. Deliberately blending the stimuli‐responsive terpyridine carboxylate ligand (tpc−) and the auxiliary pba− group with different ratios gives rise to two OD thorium‐bearing clusters (Th‐102 and Th‐103) and a 1D coordination polymer (Th‐104). Notably, distinct X‐ray sensitivity is evident as a function of molar ratio of the tpc− ligand, following the trend of Th‐102 > Th‐103 > Th‐104. Moreover, Th‐102, which is exclusively built from the tpc− ligands with the highest degree of π–π interactions, exhibits the most sensitive radiochromic and fluorochromic responses toward X‐ray with the lowest detection limit of 1.5 mGy. The study anticipates that this mixed‐ligand strategy will be a versatile approach to tune the X‐ray sensing efficacy of organic–inorganic hybrids.
Photochemical Action Plots Reveal the Fundamental Mismatch Between Absorptivity and Photochemical Reactivity
Authors: Walden Sarah L. , Carroll Joshua A. , Unterreiner Andreas‐Neil , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: November 2023

Over the last years, the authors' laboratory has employed monochromatic tuneable laser systems to reveal a fundamental mismatch between the absorptivity of a chromophore and its photochemical reactivity for the vast majority of covalent bond forming reactions as well as specific bond cleavage reactions. In the general chemistry community, however, the long‐held assumption pervades that effective photochemical reactions are obtained in situations where there is strong overlap between the absorption spectrum and the excitation wavelength. The current Perspective illustrates that the absorption spectrum of a molecule only provides information about electronic excitations and remains entirely silent on other energy redistribution mechanisms that follow, which critically influence photochemical reactivity. Future avenues of enquiry on how action plots can be understood are proposed and the importance of action plots for tailoring photochemical applications with never‐before‐seen precision is explored.
Covalent Organic Framework as a Precursor Additive Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Xiang , Li Zhenyuan , Guo Junjun , Meng Genping , Wang Bei , Lang Guohao , Tang Zhijie , Feng Jiawei , Chen Mengxiu , Ling Xufeng , Wang Baodui , Yuan Jianyu
Published: November 2023

In recent years, there has been significant progress in the use of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites for photovoltaic applications. Engineering the compositions and/or morphology of perovskites has become the most effective method to address the challenges related to photovoltaic efficiency and stability. Herein, an amino‐functionalized covalent organic framework (NH2‐COF) as a precursor additive to modulate the crystallization of perovskites is incorporated. The NH2‐COF is found to decrease the defect concentration, reduce the nonradiative recombination within the perovskite layer, and further promote carrier transport. Correspondingly, the solar cells based on the NH2‐COF‐modified perovskites deliver a champion power conversion efficiency of 22.13% with a fill factor of 0.773 under AM 1.5G 100 mW cm−2 illumination. Furthermore, the device retains approximately 81% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h of aging under ambient conditions at a temperature of 30 °C and relative humidity ranging from 45% to 55%. It is believed that this work would provide a facile and efficient strategy to prepare high‐quality perovskite films for efficient and stable solar cells.
Shortcut‐to‐Adiabatic Controlled‐Phase Gate in Rydberg Atoms
Authors: Yagüe Bosch Luis S. , Ehret Tim , Petiziol Francesco , Arimondo Ennio , Wimberger Sandro
Published: November 2023

A shortcut‐to‐adiabatic protocol for the realization of a fast and high‐fidelity controlled‐phase gate in Rydberg atoms is developed. The adiabatic state transfer, driven in the high‐blockade limit, is sped up by compensating nonadiabatic transitions via oscillating fields that mimic a counterdiabatic Hamiltonian. High fidelities are obtained in wide parameter regions. The implementation of the bare effective counterdiabatic field, without original adiabatic pulses, enables to bypass gate errors produced by the accumulation of blockade‐dependent dynamical phases, making the protocol efficient also at low blockade values. As an application toward quantum algorithms, how the fidelity of the gate impacts the efficiency of a minimal quantum‐error correction circuit is analyzed.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Skeletal Rearrangement of Substituted 2‐Silylaryl Triflates via 1,5‐C−Pd/C−Si Bond Exchange
Authors: Hayashi Daigo , Tsuda Tomohiro , Shintani Ryo
Published: November 2023

A palladium‐catalyzed skeletal rearrangement of 2‐(2‐allylarylsilyl)aryl triflates has been developed to give highly fused tetrahydrophenanthrosilole derivatives via unprecedented 1,5‐C−Pd/C−Si bond exchange. The reaction pathways can be switched toward 4‐membered ring‐forming C(sp2)−H alkylation by tuning the reaction conditions to give completely different products, fused dihydrodibenzosilepin derivatives, from the same starting materials. The inspection of the reaction conditions revealed the importance of carboxylates in promoting the C−Pd/C−Si bond exchange.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Acylation: Rapid, Modular Access to α‐Amino Ketones**
Authors: Gao Yang , Baran Phil S.
Published: November 2023

A new approach to the enantiocontrolled synthesis of α‐amino ketone derivatives is disclosed by employing a decarboxylative acylation strategy. Thus, when an acyl chloride and an α‐amido‐containing redox‐active ester are exposed to a nickel catalyst, chiral ligand, and metal reductant, α‐amido ketones are produced in good yield and high ee. The reaction exhibits broad substrate scope, can be easily scaled up, and is applied to dramatically simplify the synthesis of several known structures.
Dual Photo‐Responsive Diphenylacetylene Enables PET In‐Situ Upcycling with Reverse Enhanced UV‐Resistance and Strength
Authors: Fan Li‐Xia , Chen Lin , Zhang Hua‐Yu , Xu Wen‐Hao , Wang Xiu‐Li , Xu Shimei , Wang Yu‐Zhong
Published: November 2023

A novel in situ chemical upcycling strategy for plastic waste is proposed by the customized diphenylacetylene monomer with dual photo‐response. That is, diphenylacetylene reactive monomers are in situ inserted into the macromolecular chain of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics/fibers through one‐pot transesterification of slight‐depolymerization and re‐polymerization. On the one hand, the diphenylacetylene group absorbs short‐wave high‐energy UV rays and then releases long‐wave low‐energy harmless fluorescence. On the other hand, the UV‐induced photo‐crosslinking reaction among diphenylacetylene groups produces extended π‐conjugated structure, resulting in a red‐shift (due to decreased HOMO–LUMO separation) in the UV absorption band and locked crosslink points between PET chains. Therefore, with increasing UV exposure time, the upcycled PET plastics exhibit reverse enhanced UV resistance and mechanical strength (superior to original performance), instead of serious UV‐photodegradation and damaged performance. This upcycling strategy at oligomer‐scale not only provides a new idea for traditional plastic recycling, but also solves the common problem of gradual degradation of polymer performance during use.
A Sulfur Monoxide Surrogate Designed for the Synthesis of Sulfoxides and Sulfinamides**
Authors: Austrup David , Saito Fumito
Published: November 2023

Sulfur monoxide (SO) is a highly reactive species that cannot be isolated in bulk. However, SO can play a pivotal role as a fundamental building block in organic synthesis. Reported herein is the design and application of a sulfinylhydrazine reagent as an easily prepared sulfur monoxide surrogate. We show facile thermal SO transfer from this reagent to dienes where a reaction using a mechanistic probe suggests the generation of singlet SO. Combined with Grignard reagents and appropriate carbon or nitrogen electrophiles, the reagent serves as an effective “SO” donor to enable the one‐pot, three‐component synthesis of sulfoxides and sulfinamides.
Synergistic Nitrogen Binding Sites in a Metal‐Organic Framework for Efficient N2/O2 Separation
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Shang Hua , Zhai Bolun , Zhao Zhiwei , Wang Yong , Li Libo , Li Jinping , Yang Jiangfeng
Published: November 2023

Porous materials with d3 electronic configuration open metal sites have been proved to be effective adsorbents for N2 capture and N2/O2 separation. However, the reported materials remain challenging to address the trade‐off between adsorption capacity and selectivity. Herein, we report a robust MOF, MIL‐102Cr, that features two binding sites, can synergistically afford strong interactions for N2 capture. The synergistic adsorption site exhibits a benchmark Qst of 45.0 kJ mol−1 for N2 among the Cr‐based MOFs, a record‐high volumetric N2 uptake (31.38 cm3 cm−3), and highest N2/O2 selectivity (13.11) at 298 K and 1.0 bar. Breakthrough experiments reveal that MIL‐102Cr can efficiently capture N2 from a 79/21 N2/O2 mixture, providing a record 99.99 % pure O2 productivity of 0.75 mmol g−1. In situ infrared spectroscopy and computational modelling studies revealed that a synergistic adsorption effect by open Cr(III) and fluorine sites was accountable for the strong interactions between the MOF and N2.
Dynamic Oscillation and Motion of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion Droplets
Authors: Krishna Mani Sanjana , Al‐Tooqi Sulaiman , Song Jiaqi , Sapre Aditya , Zarzar Lauren D. , Sen Ayusman
Published: November 2023

The interplay of interfacial tensions on droplets results in a range of self‐powered motions that mimic those of living systems and serve as a tunable model to understand their complex non‐equilibrium behavior. Spontaneous shape deformations and oscillations are crucial features observed in nature but difficult to incorporate in synthetic artificial systems. Here, we report sessile oil‐in‐water emulsions that exhibit rapid oscillating behavior. The oscillations depend on the nature and concentration of the surfactant, the chemical composition of the oil, and the wettability of the solid substrate. The rapid changes in the contact angle per oscillation are observed using side‐view optical microscopy. We propose that the changes in the interfacial tension of the oil droplets is due to the partitioning of the surfactant into the oil phase and the movement of self‐emulsified oil out of the parent droplets giving rise to the rhythmic variation in droplet contact‐line. The ability to control and understand droplet oscillation can help model similar oscillations in out‐of‐equilibrium systems in nature and reproduce biomimetic behavior in artificial systems for various applications, such as microfluidic lab‐on‐a‐chip and adaptive materials.
Formation of Nigella Sativa L. seed oil nanoemulsion‐based delivery systems by sonication: Factors affecting particle size and stability
Authors: Khorami Mahsa , Nasr‐Esfahani Mojtaba , Rahimi Somayeh , Aarabi Aazam
Published: November 2023

Due to their unique functional properties, nanoemulsions help enrich many hydrophobic compounds in water‐based beverages. In this study, using two nonionic surfactants (Tween 40 and Tween 80), separately, nanoemulsions containing Nigella Sativa L. oil were prepared by ultrasound method and tested to determine their size, polydispersity index, morphology, turbidity, and stability during 60 days of storage. In this study, the type of nonionic surfactants used significantly affected the average droplet diameter in the formed systems. Hence, Tween 40 produced tiny droplets, while using Tween 80 produced larger droplets. The comparison of the mean particle sizes by the Duncan method at a 95% confidence level showed that the effect of different surfactant concentrations (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) on the particle size was significant. The results showed that the lowest particle size corresponding to the formulation with 4 wt% Tween 40 and the 15‐min sonication was 59.2 nm, and the particle size distribution was monomodal. The results indicated that in the absence of a cosurfactant (glycerol), both pasteurization and boiling processes increased in particle size. However, adding glycerol before the thermal process improved the thermal stability of the samples. The results of this study revealed that ultrasound could be used to prepare nanoemulsions with microscopic particles in the nanometer size without high concentrations of synthetic surfactants.
Enhanced dielectric and mechanical properties of polylactic acid/polycaprolactone blends by introducing double‐layer carbon nanofillers
Authors: Tu Jiaying , Chu Cen , Gao Yifei , Wang Zhenfeng , Xu Pei , Ding Yunsheng
Published: November 2023

To overcome the issues of poor toughness and low dielectric constant associated with PLA, which limit its application in the electronics industry, we introduced an insulating polydopamine (PDA) layer on the surface of core‐shell nickel‐coated carbon nanotube (Ni‐CNT) and nickel‐coated graphene (Ni‐GRA). Through a double‐layer structural design approach, we successfully prepared polylactic acid (PLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) blends that exhibit high dielectric constant (ε’) and low dielectric loss (tanδ). This innovative design led to impressive impact strengths of 29.41 kJ/m2 for PLA/PCL/4Ni‐GRAs and 22.54 kJ/m2 for PLA/PCL/4Ni‐CNTs. PDA enhanced the interfacial interactions between the filler and matrix, which improved the dispersion of Ni‐CNTs and Ni‐GRAs and contributed to the mechanical properties of the PLA/PCL blends. Simultaneously, PLA/PCL/4Ni‐CNTs and PLA/PCL/4Ni‐GRAs exhibited commendable integrated dielectric properties. The PDA@fillers form microcapacitors with the polymer matrix and the conductive Ni layer enhances ε’ and reduces the conductivity difference between fillers. Furthermore, the insulating PDA layer contributed to improved dispersion, inhibition of charge carrier migration, and reduction in tanδ. At 1000 Hz, the ε′ of PLA/PCL/4Ni‐CNTs and PLA/PCL/4Ni‐GRAs increased to 88.3 and 124.6, respectively, and the tanδ values remained below 1, indicating minimal dielectric loss. This provides a promising direction for eco‐friendly materials with enhanced dielectric and mechanical properties.
Incongruent ontogenetic maturity indicators in a Late Triassic archosaur (Aetosauria: Typothorax coccinarum)
Authors: Parker William G. , Reyes William A. , Marsh Adam D.
Published: November 2023

Maximum individual body size in pseudosuchian archosaurs is not well constrained in the fossil record, but it may be influenced by a variety of factors including basal metabolic rate, evolutionary relationships, and environmental conditions. Body size varies among the Aetosauria in which estimated total length ranges between 1 m (e.g., Coahomasuchus kahleorum) and 5 m (e.g., Desmatosuchus spurensis). A new, very large specimen of the aetosaurian Typothorax coccinarum from Petrified Forest National Park in northeastern Arizona is nearly twice the size of all other known specimens of Typothorax and is the largest aetosaur specimen currently known worldwide. The specimen lacks co‐ossified neurocentral sutures in the trunk vertebrae which may suggest that the individual had not yet reached skeletal maturity, yet smaller specimens of T. coccinarum exhibit partially or fully co‐ossified neurocentral sutures in the same region. If body size correlates with skeletal maturity in aetosaurs, this discrepancy warns that timing of neurocentral suture co‐ossification in aetosaurs may not be a reliable indicator of ontogenetic stage. Osteohistological observations of a trunk rib demonstrate that although PEFO 42506 shows a large body size, the specimen did not deposit an external fundamental system despite depositing as many as 19 growth lines, further indicating that it had not yet reached skeletal maturity. Thus, at least within Aetosauria, neurocentral suture co‐ossification and skeletal maturity may correlate, whereas body size can be incongruent in comparison. Furthermore, this specimen indicates that non‐desmatosuchin aetosaurs could exhibit large body sizes and suggests that some aetosaurs may have experienced indeterminate growth.
Effectiveness of group acceptance and commitment therapy in treating depression for acute stroke patients
Authors: Liu Yun‐E , Lv Jin , Sun Fang‐Zhen , Liang Jing‐Jing , Zhang Ying‐Ying , Chen Jie , Jiang Wei‐Jian
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To date, the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for acute stroke patients has not been well recognized. The study aimed to discover the effectiveness of group‐based ACT in treating depression for acute stroke patients.

Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 140 acute stroke patients with depression. The ACT intervention comprised seven sessions, of 45–60 min over 4 weeks. Data were collected pre‐ and post‐intervention and at 3‐month follow‐up, assessing depression, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological flexibility, cognitive fusion, sleep quality, and confidence.

Results

Overall, 99.3% of the included patients were assessed as having mild depression. The ACT intervention significantly reduced depression in acute stroke patients in comparison with the control group post‐intervention and at 3 months (partial ). Additionally ACT significantly improved HRQoL‐mental component summary, sleep quality, psychological flexibility, cognitive fusion, and confidence compared with control group.

Conclusions

ACT is effective in treating acute stroke patients with depression, and the efficacy was maintained at 3‐month follow‐up.
Efficacy and safety of the proposed bevacizumab biosimilar BAT1706 compared with reference bevacizumab in patients with advanced nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer: A randomized, double‐blind, phase III study
Authors: Chen Likun , Rangel Jose David Gomez , Cil Timucin , Li Xingya , Cicin Irfan , Shen Yihong , Liu Zhihua , Ozyilkan Ozgur , Igor Bondarenko , Chen Jun , Oleksandr Kostiuk , Chen Zhendong , Zhang Helong , Fu Ziyi , Dong Qingfeng , Song Shuqiang , Yu Jin‐Chen , Zhang Li
Published: November 2023

Background

BAT1706 is a proposed biosimilar of bevacizumab (Avastin®). We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of BAT1706 with that of EU‐sourced reference bevacizumab (EU‐bevacizumab) in patients with advanced nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

Patients were randomized 1:1 to BAT1706 plus paclitaxel and carboplatin (BAT1706 arm) or EU‐bevacizumab plus paclitaxel and carboplatin (EU‐bevacizumab arm) given every 3 weeks for six cycles, followed by maintenance therapy with BAT1706 or EU‐bevacizumab. The primary endpoint was overall response rate at week 18 (ORR18). Clinical equivalence was demonstrated if the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the BAT1706:EU‐bevacizumab ORR18 risk ratio was contained within the predefined equivalence margins of 0.75–1.33 (China National Medical Products Administration requirements), or 0.73–1.36 (US Food and Drug Administration), or if the 95% CI of the ORR18 risk difference between treatments was contained within the predefined equivalence margin of −0.12 to 0.15 (EMA requirements).

Results

In total, 649 randomized patients (BAT1706, n = 325; EU‐bevacizumab, n = 324) received at least one cycle of combination treatment. The ORR18 was comparable between the BAT1706 and EU‐bevacizumab arms (48.0% and 44.5%, respectively). The ORR18 risk ratio of 1.08 (90% CI: 0.94–1.24) and the ORR18 risk difference of 0.03 (95% CI: −0.04 to 0.11) were within the predefined equivalence margins, demonstrating the biosimilarity of BAT1706 and EU‐bevacizumab. The safety profile of BAT1706 was consistent with that of EU‐bevacizumab and no new safety signals were observed.

Conclusion

In patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC, BAT1706 demonstrated clinical equivalence to EU‐bevacizumab in terms of efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity.
The clinical features and prognostic implications of PTPN11 mutation in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia in China
Authors: Yang Jinjun , Zhao Lei , Wu Yu , Niu Ting , Gong Yuping , Chen Xinchuan , Huang Xiaoou , Liu Jiazhuo , Dai Yang , Ma Hongbing
Published: November 2023

Background

The clinical significance of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 mutation (PTPN11mut) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is underestimated.

Methods

We collected the data of AML patients with mutated PTPN11 and wild‐type PTPN11 (PTPN11wt) treated at our hospital and analyzed their clinical characteristics and prognosis.

Results

Fifty‐nine PTPN11mut and 124 PTPN11wt AML patients were included. PTPN11mut was more common in myelomonocytic and monocytic leukemia, and was more likely to co‐mutate with KRAS, KMT2C, NRAS, U2AF1, NOTCH1, IKZF1, and USH2A mutations than PTPN11wt. The overall survival for AML patients with PTPN11mut was significantly shorter than that for those with PTPN11wt (p = 0.03). The negative impact of PTPN11mut on overall survival was pronounced in the “favorable” and “intermediate” groups of ELN2017 risk stratification, as well as in the wild‐type NPM1 group (p = 0.01, p = 0.01, and p = 0.04).

Conclusion

PTPN11mut is associated with distinct clinical and molecular characteristics, and adverse prognosis in AML patients.
Cuing disparities: The consequences of race‐based social stressors for academic achievement
Authors: Green Dorainne J. , Kroeper Kathryn M. , Murphy Mary C.
Published: November 2023

Underrepresented racially and ethnically minoritized (URM) students contend with individual‐level race‐based stressors in college, like racialized discrimination and microaggressions. In this study, we consider whether URM students' perceptions of racial inequity on campus—a context‐level race‐based stressor—trigger adverse psychological and physical stress responses that, in turn, undermine academic achievement. Using a sample of 781 science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) students, we found in a longitudinal study that URM students report perceiving more inequality on campus compared with White and Asian students. Greater perceived inequality was, in turn, associated with increased psychological and physical stress responses, which, in some cases, predicted lower grades. Promoting more equitable college environments, therefore, may help attenuate inequalities in stress responses, ultimately, enhancing academic achievement. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Photocatalytic Release of Bioactive Agents for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Zheng Shaoqiu , He Kewu , Chen Dianfeng , Hu Jinming
Published: November 2023

Photocatalysis has recently emerged as a unique and robust tool for tackling challenges in research areas spacing from chemical processes (synthesis, energy storage, et al.) to biomedical applications (phototherapy, drug delivery, et al.). In particular, the use of a photocatalyst to control and/or trigger the release of bioactive agents in biological systems has attracted increasing attention because the non‐invasive characteristics and precise spatiotemporal control associated with light offers a unique solution to challenges in conventional local delivery of bioactive agents. This review summarizes the design principles of novel photocatalysts and photocatalytic processes that are suitable for long‐wavelength light activation, as well as the recent development in photocatalytic release of bioagents with a focus on gasotransmitters, drugs, and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Appropriate time for ejection fraction reassessment after revascularization in patients with left ventricular dysfunction for risk stratification of sudden cardiac death
Authors: Wang Shaoping , Lyu Yi , Cheng Shujuan , Wu Zheng , Li Shiying , Zheng Ze , Gu Xiaoyan , Li Jinhua , Liu Jinghua , Borah Bijan J.
Published: November 2023

Background

Appropriate time for ejection fraction (EF) reassessment after revascularization in patients with left ventricular dysfunction has not been investigated comprehensively, although 3 months after revascularization is recommended to stratify the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD).

Hypothesis

EF reassessed within different timeframe after revascularization may have incosistent contribution for risk stratification of SCD.

Methods

Patients who had EF ≤ 40% before revascularization and had EF reassessment at least once during follow‐up were included. The role of early (<3 months) versus late (3–12 months) EF measurements in prediction of all‐cause mortality and SCD were compared.

Results

A total of 1589 patients were identified. EF reassessed <3 months was lower than EF reassessed within 3–12 months (42.1 ± 9.7% vs. 45.8 ± 10.8%; p < .01). Among 1069 patients who had EF reassessed <3 months, EF ≤ 35% was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–2.29; p < .01), but had no association with the risk of SCD (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.84–2.48; p = .18). By contrast, among 595 patients who had EF reassessed within 3–12 months, EF ≤ 35% was associated with higher risks of both all‐cause death (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.06–3.10; p = .03) and SCD (HR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.31–5.61; p < .01). The relative contribution of SCD to all‐cause death was higher in patients with EF ≤ 35% than patients with EF > 35% when EF was reassessed within 3–12 months (p = .04). However, when EF was reassessed <3 months, the mode of death was similar in patients with EF ≤ 35% versus >35% (p = .85).

Conclusions

3 to 12 months after revascularization may be appropriate for cardiac function reassessment and SCD risk stratification.
Population Pharmacokinetic Model of N‐Acetylcysteine During Periods of Recurrent Hypoglycemia in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Fayed Mohamed S. , Brooks Jillian , Seaquist Elizabeth R. , Kumar Anjali , Moheet Amir , Eberly Lynn , Mishra Usha , Coles Lisa D.
Published: November 2023

Recurrent hypoglycemia leads to impaired awareness of hypoglycemia where the blood glucose threshold that elicits the counterregulatory response is lowered. Hypoglycemia‐induced oxidative stress is hypothesized to contribute to impaired awareness of hypoglycemia development and hypoglycemia‐associated autonomic failure. Our group conducted a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, crossover study in healthy individuals undergoing experimentally induced recurrent hypoglycemia to evaluate the impact of intravenous N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) during experimental hypoglycemia to preserve the counterregulatory response to subsequent hypoglycemia. The work presented herein aimed to characterize the NAC pharmacokinetics and its effects on oxidative stress. Whole blood and plasma samples were collected at specified time points during separate NAC and placebo infusions from 10 healthy volunteers. Samples were analyzed for NAC, cysteine, and glutathione (GSH) concentrations. A 2‐compartment population NAC pharmacokinetic model was developed. Estimates for central compartment clearance and volume of distribution were 19.8 L/h, and 12.2 L, respectively, for a 70‐kg person. Peripheral compartment clearance and volume of distribution estimates were 34.9 L/h and 13.1 L, respectively, for a 70‐kg person. The PK parameters estimated here were different from those reported in the literature, suggesting a higher NAC clearance during hypoglycemic episodes. NAC leads to a significant increase in circulating cysteine concentration in a NAC concentration‐dependent manner, suggesting rapid biotransformation. A transient decrease in plasma GSH was observed, supporting the hypothesis that NAC can act as a reducing agent displacing glutathione from the disulfide bond allowing for increased clearance and/or distribution of GSH.
A Curious Case of Two‐Photon Absorption in n‐Helicene and n‐Phenylene, n=6–10: Why n=7 is Different?
Authors: Tejendra Banana , Rajput Swati Singh , Alam M. Mehboob
Published: November 2023

n‐Helicenes and n‐Phenylenes are interesting examples of twisted molecules, where although the atoms are connected through conjugated
‐bonds, the
‐conjugation is largely hindered by the twisted nature of the bonds. Such structures provide a unique opportunity to study the effect of twisted
‐system on non‐linear optical properties. In this work, we studied the two‐photon absorption in donor‐acceptor substituted n‐helicenes and n‐phenylenes employing the state‐of‐the‐art RI‐CC2 method and reported a unique feature we observed in n=7 systems. We found that both 7‐helicene and 7‐phenylene systems exhibit largest two‐photon absorption than other members in their respective classes. Furthermore, using generalized few‐state model, we provided a detailed microscopic mechanism of this unique observation involving participation of different transition dipole moment vectors and their relative orientations.
Impacts of habitat connectivity on grassland arthropod metacommunity structure: A field‐based experimental test of theory
Authors: Bertellotti Franklin , Sommer Nathalie R. , Schmitz Oswald J. , McCary Matthew A.
Published: November 2023

Metacommunity theory has advanced scientific understanding of how species interactions and spatial processes influence patterns of biodiversity and community structure across landscapes. While the central tenets of metacommunity theory have been promoted as pivotal considerations for conservation management, few field experiments have tested the validity of metacommunity predictions. Here, we tested one key prediction of metacommunity theory—that decreasing habitat connectivity should erode metacommunity structure by hindering species movement between patches. For 2 years, we manipulated an experimental old‐field grassland ecosystem via mowing to represent four levels of habitat connectivity: (1) open control, (2) full connectivity, (3) partial connectivity, and (4) no connectivity. Within each treatment plot (10 × 10 m, n = 4 replicates), we measured the abundance and diversity (i.e., alpha and beta) of both flying and ground arthropods using sticky and pitfall traps, respectively. We found that the abundance and diversity of highly mobile flying arthropods were unaffected by habitat connectivity, whereas less mobile ground arthropods were highly impacted. The mean total abundance of ground arthropods was 2.5× and 2× higher in the control and partially connected plots compared to isolated patches, respectively. We also reveal that habitat connectivity affected the trophic interactions of ground arthropods, with predators (e.g., wolf spiders, ground spiders) being highly positively correlated with micro‐detritivores (springtails, mites) but not macro‐detritivores (millipedes, isopods) as habitat connectivity increased. Together these findings indicate that changes in habitat connectivity can alter the metacommunity structure for less mobile organisms such as ground arthropods. Because of their essential roles in terrestrial ecosystem functioning and services, we recommend that conservationists, restoration practitioners, and land managers include principles of habitat connectivity for ground arthropods when designing biodiversity management programs.
5‐N,N‐Diarylaminothiazoles with Electron‐Accepting Groups: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Their Application for the Detection of Hydrazine Hydrate
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Tanaka Nozomi , Takekoshi Kazuma , Hoshaku Mai , Minoura Mao
Published: November 2023

5‐N,N‐diarylaminothiazoles containing cyano and nitro groups were synthesized using the Pd‐catalyzed Buchwald‐Hartwig amination reaction with good yields. The cyano group in the resultant thiazole was reduced to a formyl group. This was then subjected to the Knoevenagel condensation reaction, leading to the formation of thiazoles with a dicyanovinyl group. The nitro group in the thiazole was reduced to an amino group, which was subsequently reacted with triphosgene, yielding a thiazole with an isocyanate group. These thiazoles, with their electron‐accepting properties, demonstrated absorption and emission spectra at longer wavelengths. Notably, the thiazole containing the dicyanovinyl group displayed a red emission. Tests for the detection of hydrazine, a hazardous volatile organic compound, were conducted using the synthesized thiazoles. The results showed that the dicyanovinyl group effectively responded to hydrazine hydrate, evidenced by changes in the absorption and emission spectra. This change in color was also visibly detectable to the naked eye.
Fixative effect of 2‐oxo‐2‐phenylacetates in fine fragrance and eau‐de‐toilette applications
Authors: Berthier Damien L. , Girard Jérôme , Fromm Katharina M. , Herrmann Andreas
Published: November 2023

The evaporation of fragrances with volatilities spanning over several orders of magnitude results in a shift of the olfactive impression of a perfume over time. Fixatives have repeatedly been used to slow fragrance evaporation in multiple perfumery applications. We developed a simple and reliable method to measure the evaporation kinetics of individual fragrances in a model perfume and analysed the fixative effect of 2‐oxo‐2‐phenylacetates (α‐ketoesters) on perfume evaporation. 2‐Oxo‐2‐phenylacetates, some of which have been described as light‐sensitive profragrances, are commercially available or readily prepared by esterification or transesterification of commercial starting materials. (−)‐Menthyl 2‐oxo‐2‐phenylacetate afforded single crystals that were suitable for X‐ray crystal structure analysis. 2‐Oxo‐2‐phenylacetates were found to have a fixative effect on the evaporation of fragrances with volatilities below 5000 μg L−1 in fine fragrance and eau‐de‐toilette applications. The molecular structure of the compound rather than its molecular weight had an impact on the fixative effect to some extent.
(No) time to be healthy: Optimal policy with time and monetary investments in health
Authors: Klimaviciute Justina
Published: November 2023

Time is often an important ingredient of a healthy lifestyle. Starting from this observation, this paper studies optimal public policy concerned with promoting healthy choices taking into account both monetary and time investments in health. Individuals tend to underestimate the importance of their health while making decisions, which makes their investments too low compared to the first‐best. While the decentralization of the first‐best requires personalized subsidies on both time and monetary investments, this may be problematic due to informational issues. In a second‐best world where individual productivities and time investments are publicly unobservable, whereas monetary investments are observable in an anonymous way, the paper considers a policy with a non‐linear income tax and a linear subsidy on monetary health investments. If there are no incentive concerns, all other things equal, monetary investments complementary (substitutable) to time investments should be subsidized more (less) than those independent of time use. The addition of incentive concerns demonstrates that optimal subsidization of monetary health investments is less straightforward than one might think. Overall, the time ingredient in the production of health does play a role in the optimal policy design, affecting not only the subsidy on monetary health investments but also the income taxation.
Targeting TP53 disruption in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Current strategies and future directions
Authors: Molica Stefano , Tam Constantine , Allsup David , Polliack Aaron
Published: November 2023

In the modern era of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) targeted therapy, the loss of p53 function due to genetic abnormalities remains a significant challenge. This is because even targeted agents, which are currently the mainstay of treatment for CLL, do not directly target p53 or restore its disrupted pathway. Consequently, resistance to therapy and unfavorable clinical outcomes often accompany these p53‐related abnormalities. An essential goal of future clinical research should be to address the ostensibly “undruggable” p53 pathway. Currently, multiple therapeutic approaches are being explored to tackle TP53 dysfunction and improve outcomes in high‐risk CLL. These approaches include the use of oncoprotein murine double minute 2 inhibitors, small‐molecule p53 reactivators, exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitors, and ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated and Rad3‐related (ATR) inhibitors. Combinations of these p53‐targeting strategies, along with established novel therapies such as B‐cell receptor or B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (BCL‐2) inhibitors, may shape the future of therapeutic trials in this challenging‐to‐treat disease.