bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Otto Dickel The Resurgence of the West
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The second Reich was a transitional Reich. It collapsed because it did not have the time to create a successor.[ ] The second Reich was an incomplete Reich. It did not include Austria, which continued to live as a survivor of the first Reich alongside the second. It was a Small-German Reich,13 which we can only see as a deviation on the road to creating a Great-German Reich. The third Reichis a spiritual goal and simultaneously embraces a politicaltask. If we go under, then, in the light of the experiences we have had of other peoples, Germany itself goes under, and with it everything that has ever made Germans what they are. There is no people that could raise us up again.[ ]
Otto Strasser, The German Knight As The Key To Europe’s Recovery
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The resolute repudiation of any form of imperialism is a core feature of the volkisch idea. Without reservation it affirms the right of every nation to national independence, to its autonomous control of the forms taken by its political, economic, and cultural life. In particular this consideration leads to the rejection of the modem imperialism based on racial delusions which infers from the supposed superiority of a particular race its right to rule over and exploit other peoples and races. By the same token it rejects every form of economic, cultural, and religious imperialism, even the imperialism of particular ideas which in an identical fashion Bolshevism and Fascism are seeking to foist upon their neighbours. ‘Every people should pursue happiness in its own way’, that is the basic principle of this conservative world-view, which is the only one which makes the collaboration of peoples within their cultural sphere at all possible, something which in the form of a ‘European Federation’ constitutes the main objective of the foreign policy of the socialist German Reich.
Adolf Hitler, The Mission Of The Nazi Movement
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

No movement has operated with such a thorough knowledge of the characteristics of the masses as the Marxist movement. It knows that the mass has respect for force and decisiveness, and has replaced the weakness of the bourgeoisie and its indecisiveness with brute force and brute will-power. It has ruthlessly subjugated the individual, and has placed the worker before the alternative: ‘Either you will be my brother or I will smash your skull in.· In my youth I got to know this movement in both these aspects. The bourgeois parties do not know them or do not wish to know them. Armed with this insight I had to join this young movement,15 one which refuses to start out from the position: ‘We want to see to it that we will have some share in the future, more or less.’ Instead our movement has recognized that the future of Germany means ‘the destruction of Marxism’. Either this racial poison, the mass tuberculosis, grows in our people, and Germany dies of an infected lung, or it is eliminated, and Germany can then thrive. Not before. Only a young movement can be inoculated with this principle, which is not perverted by any compromises or coalitions, but declares as a basic premiss: ‘We can never make a pact with this world-view; for us Germany will be saved on the day on which the last Marxist has either been converted or has been broken.’ There is no middle way.
Gottfried Benn, The New Breed Of Gennan
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

No one can doubt any more[ ] that behind the political events in Germany there lies a historical transformation of unfathomable consequences. The cultural sheen of an epoch is flaky and breaks up. Along sutures in the organic the forces of heredity stir; from defects in the centres of regeneration the human gene pushes towards the light. There values which were once stable and authentic melt into the shadows. There accomplishments are transformed and become unrecognizable: the centuries of propagation are at an end.
Paula Siber, The New German Woman
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Fascism clearly represents an extreme form of’male chauvinism’, and one scholar (Theweleit: see Text 158) has located its basic obsession with decadence in a pathologicalfear(and hence hatred) of women. The official policy on women as outlined in this programmatic text could equally well have been written under the Third Reich or the Third Rome. It was written by the acting head of the Deutsche Frauenwerk (Association of German Woman), from1933 run by the NS Frauenschaft, which had been set up in1931 as an organization for all female NSDAP members. It should be remembered when reading such reactionary texts that fascist leaders claimed to be revolutionizing traditional womanhood and motherhood by making them vital to the creation of the rejuvenated national community. Under Nazism this was to involve in practice not just encouragement to have large families and provide a source of menial labour whenever the State required it, but collusion in the eugenics, euthanasia, war, and genocide organized by the menfolk.
Helmuth Langenbucher, The Successful Cleansing Of German Culture
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

For the second time since the appearance of my Volkhafte Dichtung der Zeit in 1933 a new edition has become necessary. Reflecting on the way and extent to which the new edition should be modified persuaded me that the book needed a completely new form. The tasks which this volume has to fulfil today have changed since 1933. Then it was appropriate to establish the broad outlines of a new way of evaluating and presenting literary life. It was appropriate to indicate clearly the un-German manifestations of a past age which had laid claim to an intolerable degree of influence over the spiritual life of the German people. Its primary concern was to prepare the way for ageneral appreciation of those poets in whose works the life of the German people in all its radiant aspects has been turned into images and symbols.
Paul Herre, The New European Order
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The European unity which had enjoyed democratic favour, and which was nothing other than the domination ofBritish and French imperialism, camouflaged behind hollow and misleading slogans, broke down, and the principle of nationalism, which had been crushed underfoot but which had become the central axiom of Europe and the foundation of any European order, gained ground again. In its wake the principle of vital space [Lebensraum] reasserted itself. This had been the foundation of the German-Italian alliance of 22 May 1939,34 and laid the basis for the creation of an Italian empire in the Mediterranean and the Great German Reich in the heart of the continent. European history had returned to its startingpoint.
Walter Gross, Improving The Stock
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

In principle the promotion of the purity of one’s own race and its protection against the infiltration of alien races is a vital requirement of volkisch politics for all peoples and races, and extends beyond the Jewish problem.[... ] But in this context the problem posed by Jewry acquires a twofold significance. For a long time it constituted the only serious threat to European peoples and thus was for practical purposes largely identical with the racial problem itself. Beyond this it has become the immediate cause for a concern with questions of race and racial politics, and opened the way to fundamental insights which, even after the Jewish danger has been overcome, will be part of the tools and arsenal of truly German politics for ever more.
Adolf Hitler, The Rebirth Of National Socialism
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

In this extract from the last official words of the Fuhrer (the full text can be found in another translation in Noakes and Pridham 1974: 677-9) the dividing-line between belief and propaganda, conviction and rhetoric, is as difficult to draw as ever: Hitler may well not have intended a war against England and America, but did he really think it had been caused by an international Jewish conspiracy? Did he feel anything at all for the millions of Germans whose lives had been shattered by the war (a question not even worth asking about the countless millions of’enemy’ lives his regime had systematically destroyed)? Is it conceivable that he felt any sense of solidarity with his armed forces, hundreds of thousands of whom died unnecessarily because of his refusal to surrender? What do seem to be irreducible constants in his world-view even in the hour ofhis death is ananti-Semitism so pathological that he can project his hatred beyond the grave, and a palingenetic temperament so deeply rooted that he looks forward to the rebirth of National Socialism from the ashes of the Third Reich, a rebirth which would beat bottom nothing other than his own reincarnation.
Lapua, The Battle For The New Finland
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Between God and Satan, white and red, no middle road exists. The hour of our destiny has arrived, we must align ourselves with the one or the other.

Two spirits are today fighting for world supremacy, one of them destructive, the other constructive. The former spirit wants to tear asunder all conceptions of justice, and all divine and moral laws, along with the social order built upon them. It endeavours to overturn thrones and established churches, to eradicate loyalty and humbleness from human hearts, and to foment such general dissatisfaction that it will lead to a war in which everyone is pitted against everyone else. The aim is to enable someone-a Dictator-Jew, or some small faction?-standing on the ruins ofburnt-down homes and bloodstained churches, to exert tyrannical power at will in the name of the ‘proletariat’ while in fact solely pursuing his own interests. The second spirit, by contrast, endeavours to preserve those values already created, and to build a new Finland based on godliness and the rule of law.[ )
Osse Wabrand Wag , The Reawakening Of The Boerevolk
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Though Latin America is widely perceived, especially by Marxists, as a breedingground of fascism, the hegemony of propertied, religious, and military (and hence conservative) elites has been generally so powerful that genuinely populist forms of rebirth ultra-nationalism have been systematically denied the space to establish themselves as regimes. The Per6nist regime in Argentina at first seems to constitute an exception to this rule, but it lacks the radical palingenetic and ultranationalist thrust to constitute an example of fascism. As for movements, there has been no shortage of radical right-wing groups, whether paramilitary or populist, some of which have gone beyond crude anti-communism to share common ground with fascism (for example, the inter-war Mexican Sinarquistas, the Paraguayan Febreristas, or the post-war Frente Nadonal Patria y Libertad in Chile), but almost all have lacked the radicalism necessary to carry through a social and ideological revolution. The two exceptions to this have been the National Socialists in Chile and the Brazilian lntegralist Action (see Alexander 1973).
Vilfredo Pareto,Black Sheep .
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Let’s consider Fascism. Admittedly, every flock has its black sheep, and even among the Fascists there were individuals who were in it for their own immediate gain, but these were exceptions. The vast majority followed a line of conduct in the pursuit of an almost mystical ideal: the celebration of national sentiment and the power of the State, the reaction against pseudo-liberal, pacifist, and humanitarian forms of democratic ideology. This feeling was often nebulous: but the majority I speak of was guided steadfastly and ably towards the conquest of centralized power. It won. It applied a law, one which in my Sociologut I had deduced from countless facts, according to which a movement whose leaders have a highly developed instinct for exploiting unforeseen conjunctures of events and whose rank-and-file is motivated by powerful idealism will win out over all other forces.
Johann w. Mannhardt, the italian volksstaat
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

What sense can Fascism have for the development of Italians, who, as we have already said, first started to become a people with Dante? Here too Mussolini’s words point the way. So far the Italian State has never become one with the Italian people. As an incomplete people it had not yet found an appropriate form of state. The Fascist state simply sets out to be the State of the Italian people. Perhaps it will succeed. It would then achieve its greatest significance. Italy would become a Volksstaat just as England and France are, because to be a Volksstaat does not mean putting into practice vague notions about the nation and the State plucked out of the air, but that a particular nation has found the form of State which corresponds to its essence. Thus Fascism would be for Italy what puritanism was for England and liberalism was for France.

Puritanism and liberalism have not only been determining influences on the formation of the Volksstaat in England and France, but have been the dominant intellectual forces throughout the whole of the West. Fascism draws its best energies from what is for the time being a completely nebulous value system in which the rejection ofliberalism is much more evident than any positive content. Even the longing to overcome the Enlightenment and thereby both liberalism and democracy is something encountered throughout the whole of the West, if not the whole ‘civilized world’. It must be considered a sutprising contrast to earlier intellectual climates that the political expression of this longing for a new set of values should manifest itself so early.
Erwin Von Beckerath, The Italian Experiment
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The Italian experiment which is playing itself out before the eyes of Europe is of extreme interest for these reasons. First, what is being undertaken is the creation of an authoritarian State in true eighteenth-century fashion, which simultaneously is infused with the energies of modem life. Secondly, it is the attempt to consolidate the supremacy of the state over a new type of economic system,5 one in which political-economic considerations take priority over private activity. Finally, it is the bid to solve the problem of distribution, which is liable to generate conflicts of interest which can be politically dangerous, through higher political authorities. The primacy of the political over the economic is nevertheless an eminently European concept.
George Orwell, Rabbits Ruled By Stoats
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

It was easy to laugh at Fascism when we imagined that it was based on hysterical nationalism, because it seemed obvious that the Fascist states, each regarding itself as the chosen people and patriotic contra mundum, would clash with one another. But nothing of the kind is happening. Fascism is now an international movement, which means not only that the Fascist nations can combine for purposes ofloot, but that they are groping, perhaps only half consciously asyet, towards a world-system. For the vision of the totalitarian state there is being substituted the vision of the totalitarian world. As I pointed out earlier, the advance of machine-technique must lead ultimately to some form of collectivism, but that form need not necessarily be equalitarian; that is, it need not be Socialism. Pace the economists, it is quite easy to imagine a world-society, economically collectivist-that is, with the profit principle eliminated-but with all political, military, and educational power in the hands of a small caste of rulers and their bravos.
Max Horkheimer, The Iron Heel
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Today to appeal to nineteenth-century liberal thought in the struggle against fascism is to invoke the very force which has enabled it to triumph. As victor it can appropriate the slogan ‘let the most able rise to the top’. Fascism has triumphed so conclusively in the competitive struggle between nations that it can actually eliminate competition altogether·. Laissezfaire, laissez-aller,’ it might well ask, ‘why can’t I do what I want? Am I not the employer and provider for just as many of the masses as any freewheeling economic giant? I am even at the cutting edge of chemistry. Labouring masses, colonialists, dissatisfied elements complain. My god, haven’t they always?’

Jews have little to hope from the Second World War. However it ends, a seamless process of militarization is leading the world ever deeper into authorita¬rian-collective forms oflife. The German war economy in the First World War was a forerunner of modem ‘five-year plans’; the compulsory conscription used in modem warfare between nations is a major constituent of totalitarian social engin¬eering.
Bernt Hagtvet And Stein Larsen, Paradigms Of Fascism
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Writing the history of fascism today inevitably means writing the history of scholarship on fascism. From its very inception fascism provoked analysis. A typology of the existing body of literature could also be organized along chronological lines. Leaving principles of organization aside, we would like to survey the main strands of theorizing in the field. Here we shall confine ourselves to a mapping of the intellectual landscape.[ ] In subsequent sections we shall single out a few of these traditions for analytic discussion.
Joachim Petzold,The View From East Germany
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The reasons why Nazi ideology grew out of the Zeitgeist which so many refer to and took on a quite specific political form, are sought by bourgeois historians in every possible sphere, but very rarely in the monopoly capital stage of capitalist society’s development. It was on this point even before the Second World War that the bourgeois sociologist Max Horkheimer made the extremely perceptive observation, ‘Whoever is not prepared to talk about capitalism should remain silent about fascism.’ The question of what relationship the Nazi movement and fascist activism have at all to monopoly capital has become the main focus of the controversy between Marxist and non-Marxist historians in the field of fascist studies. It will also lie at the heart of the present investigation.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

hose who approach fascism with the preconception that it is ideologically barren are likely to assume that it has undergone no significant modifications

in the post-war period. This section will hopefully demonstrate how erroneous such an assumption would be. While there is no shortage of slavish imitation and mindless regurgitation of canonic Fascist and especially Nazi ideas by new generations of fascists, the more theoretically demanding among them have embarked on a thoroughgoing programme of modernization to adapt the dream of the regenerated nation to new historical realities. In doing so they have lost no time in identifying any new ‘enemies’ that they can claim stand in the path ofits realization, as well as raising a number of new issues with which they hope to mobilize support.
Julius Evola, Fascism: Myth And Reality
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Julius Evola (1898--1974) spent much ofhis life elaborating into a highly sophisticated ‘total’ vision of the world his lifelong obsession with the notion that the Westernized ‘modern world’ represented the rotten fruit of two thousand years of decadence. As a result the primordial ‘Tradition’ which he alleged preceded it had all but vanished. In his voluminous and massively erudite pseudo-scientific writings he argued that this Tradition had expressed itself historically in several organic, hierarchically structured, and metaphysically based States which, under the leadership of an elite caste of warrior-priests, formed the core of vast empires through which superior races and their superior values prevailed. During the 1930s he convinced himself that if Fascism could ally itself with the more ‘aristocratic’, un-demagogic forces within the Third Reich it would create the basis for the re-establishment of such a Traditional empire in Europe (he wrote the Synthesis of Racial Doctrine for Mussolini’s regime in 1941). However the defeat of the Axis caused him to adapt his philosophy to the age of’ruins’ in which cultural rebirth was indtifinitely postponed.
Oswald Mosley, Hubris And Miscalculation
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Oswald Mosley studiously used his internment during the war to elaborate and modijy his fascist vision. He emerged convinced of the need for the narrow nationalism of Fascism and Nazism to give way to a pan-European new order and attended the congresses in Rome (1950) and Malmo (1951) which launched the European Social Movement. In 1948 he had created the Union Movement, a Europeanized version of the BUF which distanced itself from Fascism and Nazism, which was defanct by 1978, though not before some of its former members had set up an important ultra-right umbrella group, The League of St George, in 1974. This passage is taken from one of a number of Mosley’s books articulating his new faith. Question 175. What do you think of Hitler?
The West European Foundation, A Racist Catechism
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The Federation ouest-europeenne(FOE or West European Federation) was set up in 1963 at a meeting of Colin Jordan, Fra11foise Dior, and the French neo-Nazi Yves Jeanne as a chapter ofWUNS responsible for keeping the Nazi dream alive in francophone Europe, its fiefdom being divided into sixareas onallegedly ethnic lines. Its constitutive charter accused the Jews of causing the outbreak of war in 1939 which prevented Hitler from establishing his ethnically based new order, and celebrated the creation ofnon-German SS divisions. Till it was banned in 1964, its organ, Le National-Socialiste, stood for Holocaust denial, the vindication of Hitler, the vision of a Europe of ethnics (i.e. distinct ethnic groups), and crude anti-Semitism. It made no bones about its acceptance of Nazi racist doctrine, as can be seen from this manifesto.
John Day, An Ever-Rowing River
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The monthly Spearhead is edited J,yJohn Tyndall to ‘re.fleet a cross-section of contemporary British Nationalist opinion’, especially that of the NF in the 1970s and the BNP in the Bos and 90S in which he has played a leading role (see Text 202).John Day, the author of this review article of an English translation (provided with a disturlringly ‘neutral’ preface J,y a Cambridge don) of Frederic Reider’s L’Ordre SS, takes the opportunity it offers to serve up some of the major themes of Holocaust denial, and alludes at the end to another component of post-war fascism, the vision of the SS as the basis ofa new supra-national aristocracy on which Europe’s regeneration could have been based. Reider’s history reproduces some of Himmler’s chilling ‘secret’ speeches to SS henchmen (see Text 88) without a note of condemnation, and bemoans the dilution of the elite qualities of the original order once its ranks were swelled J,y substandard recruits. The title ‘professor’ seems to have been conferred on Reider J,y Day himself. On the equally spurious academic credentials attributed to revisionist luminaries Butz and Faurisson, see Eatwell (1991). In granting permission to quote from this article, Spearhead stressed that it was printed ‘only to maintain free debate on issues on which that kind of debate is not normally these days permitted’.
Pierre Krebs, The Metapolltical Rebirth Of Europe
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

An Italian Marxist, Antonio Gramsci, was the first to understand that the State is not confined to a political apparatus_ In fact he established that the political apparatus runs parallel to the so-called civil apparatus_ In other words, each political apparatus is reinforced by a civil consensus, the psychological support of the masses_ This psychological support expresses itself through a consensus on the level of culture, world-view and ethos_ In order to exist at all, political power is thus dependent on a cultural power diffused within the masses_ On the basis of this analysis Gramsci understood why Marxists could not take over power in bourgeois democracies: they did not have cultural power_ To be precise, it is impossible to overthrow a political apparatus without previously having gained control of cultural power_ The assent of the people must be won first: their ideas, ethos, ways of thinking, the value-system, art, education have to be worked on and modified_ Only when people feel the need for change as a self-evident necessity will the existing political.
Michael Walker, A Breath Of Fresh Air
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

The original and still most important group belonging to what is termed the European New Right is GRECE, a cultural organisation based in Paris_ The letters stand for Le Groupement de Recherche et d’Etudes pour la Civilisation Europeenne (The centre for the study and search [sic] for European civilisation)_ The word is an acronym for the French word for Greece, which underlines the group’s strong sense of attachment to the Greek heritage in particular, with its cult ofheroism, elitism and beauty, and perhaps most importantly, its pagan values and outlook_ The group was created on 5th May 1968 by the sons and daughters of mainly very conservative parents_( ] The starting-point of GRECE was to undertake an analysis of the meaning of ideas_ They wished to preserve an identity, a collective identity as Europeans: on that they were agreed from the beginning; but that was all_ Nothing else would be ‘assumed’, not the sanctity of the White race, not the need to defend Christendom, not the Westem world, nor NATO, nor any of the other bastions of the old right_ All would be examined critically in order to grasp their completing meaning_ Taking its example from Nietzsche’s creation of a genealogy of morality, GRECE examined the history of ideas in order to better understand the relevance of each idea in the modem world.
Armin Mohler, German Nihilism
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

In the ‘Conservative Revolution’ there exists a will to a violent change of certain conditions which justifies the use of the word ‘revolution’ and which is again and again referred to by its opponents as ‘revolutionary’.[... ]
Robert Steukers, Heroic Realism
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

In Heidegger’s works two modes of writing exist side by side. The one is palpable, exalting the earth, the soil, the forest and the work of the woodcutter: the other consists ofa seemingly impenetrable philosophical jargon. It is Heidegger’s remarkable achievement that he was both a bucolic poet and an extremely rigorous philosopher, who allowed no concept to escape him. How is it possible that two such qualities could coexist in one man?

Martin Heidegger was born on September 26th 1889, in Messkirch in Swabia and for Heidegger himself there was nothing incidental about this fact, for he was always deeply attached to his Germanic origins. A sense ofbelonging, according to Heidegger constitutes one of the essential pre-conditions ofbeing ‘fully human’. To be ‘fully human’ man must fashion and inhabit a world in his image. All Heidegger’s work is impregnated with a sense of belonging to Swabia, that part of southern Germany which includes the Black Forest and gave us Schiller, Schelling, Hegel and Holderlin. The rhythm of the Swabian forests, mute but omnipresent in Heidegger’s world, distinguishes him from Sartre. Sartre, who was in many ways a disciple of Heidegger, was also profoundly influenced by his milieu-in this case the frenzy and hubbub of the great city, where it is impossible to grasp the originality ofnature.[... )
Adolfo Morganti, The European Genius And The Rediscovery Of The Sacred
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Alongside the thousands of pseudo-Hindu charlatans, there are also oriental organizations operating in the West which offer a complete sacred path and whose followers have begun to address the problem ofhow it is possible realistically to live out, for example, a Buddhist spirituality in contemporary Europe. This line of enquiry opens up thorny issues which are particularly relevant to the debate on how to rediscover the mythic and sacred roots of European civilization and what form this work of revitalization should take.[... ]

What is involved here is avoiding the confusion often made between the rational and the meta-rational, the source of the Sacred. This ambiguity is a typical product of cultural colonialism by Enlightenment ideologies(... ] and it is only through intensive research work, and hence through ‘cultural’ activity, that authors like Eliade, Dumezil, Benveniste, Kerenyi, etc. have brought to light once again the meta-rational foundations of ideational and organic civilizations of ancient Europe.
Skrewdriver,Songs For Europe
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

An important development within post-war fascism has been the recruitment of elements of contemporary youth culture associated with punk rock, heavy metal, and football supporter hooliganism. While Fascism and Nazism would have seen such phenomena as symptomatic of the decadence they were bent on purging, in the United States, Europe, and the new Russia some ultra-nationalists have recognized the enormous scope they offer for channelling the diffuse frustrations and resentments of the disaffected young into energies which farther ‘revolutionary nationalism’. The National Front’s White Noise Records and Germany’s Rock-O-Rama ensure a steady supply of illicit racist CDs to neo-Nazis the world over, some of the most famous of which are by Ian Stuart Donaldson, till his death in September 1993 leader of the group Skrewdriver and head of the white supremacist umbrella organization Blood and Honour which he set up in 1986. Donaldson himself reputedly observed: ‘A pamphlet is read only once, but a song is learnt by heart and repeated a thousand times.’ The burgeoning skinhead counter-culture in the former Soviet empire has become a natural constituency for gut-sentiments of racism, and is ripe for indoctrination with fascist myths.
Afrikaner-Weerstandsbeweging, God’s Own
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

Permission was refused to quote from the AWB’s party programme, Programme of the AWB (Aurora, Pretoria, nd., c.1991). The letter from Oxford University Press was returned with the laconic comment written at the bottom ‘The AWB is not a fascist movement, thus under no condition will permission be granted for publication.’

In terms of the ideal type on which this anthology is based the AWB is technically correct, for it is a separatist nationalist movement, and does not strive to regenerate an existing nation-state drawing on the myth of a past (pre-modern) golden age. In the words of its own programme the movement’s main goal is ‘The founding of an independent Christian, republican Afrikaner-Boer national state, separate from the RSA, on the basis of the inalienable claim of the people according to history and international law to the Boer Republics’.
Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands, The European Home
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: November 2023

In my opinion an authentic German-national social people’s party such as the NPD is to be founded on the following principles: The German people is the centre and goal of all national politics. The German people has a right to its volkisch national autonomy. This raises the question of German being, Germanness, or, in modem terminology, of German identity. This approach and basic consideration determines how questions concerning immigration in whatever form-via the EC or political asylum, etc.-are tobe tackled. For me Germany [Deutschland] is and remains the land of the Germans [Land der Deutschen], and it should not degenerate into an exotic country.

Principle I is the basis of the demand for the self-determination of the Germans, and hence the question of sovereignty, which in tum frames questions relating to NATO, the EC, and immigration. We reject NATO and the EC as instruments for the international regimentation of the Germans and of their control by foreigners. We are opposed to a policy of ‘open borders’. We want to determine our own affairs in every respect and in every sphere.
On class
Authors: Marx Karl , Engels Friedrich
Published: November 2023

A spectre is haunting Europe—the spectre of communism. All the powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this spectre: Pope and Czar, Metternich and Guizot, French radicals and German police spies.
on Class
Authors: Weber Max
Published: November 2023

The structure of every legal order directly influences the distribution of power, economic or otherwise, within its respective community. This is true of all legal orders and not only that of the state. In general, we understand by ‘power’ the chance of a man or a number of men to realize their own will in a social action even against the resistance of others who are participating in the action.
Positions Sociology and Postmodermity
Authors: Bauman Zygmunt
Published: November 2023

At the threshold of postmodernity, sociology arrived in the form aptly called by Anthony Giddens the orthodox consensus. This form was constituted by the widely shared strategy of rational analysis of society, understood as a nation state; such a society, it was agreed, was subject to the processes of continuing rationalization, not necessarily free from contradictions and upsets (or, indeed, temporary retreats), yet sufficiently dominant to offer a safe frame against which information about social reality could be plotted. Constantly lurking behind the scene in the orthodox vision of social reality was the powerful image of the social system—this synonym of an ordered, structured space of interaction, in which probable actions had been, so to speak, preselected by the mechanisms of domination or value-sharing. It was a ‘principally coordinated’ space (in Talcott Parsons’s rendition of Weber’s imagery); one inside which the cultural, the political and the economic levels of supra-individual organization were all resonant with each other and functionally com¬ plementary.
The Incarnation of Social Structure
Authors: Sharrock Wes , Watson Rod
Published: November 2023

Sociology thrives and stumbles on dualisms. Dualisms provide it with its problems, but at the same time they prove stubborn, resistant to quick disposal, focuses of polarized controversy, sources of persistent puzzlement. One can, of course, take one’s stand within the space defined by such dualisms, one can opt for one side or the other, or one can attempt to overcome the duality. In doing this, though, one is asking what to do about the problem of this or that duality, rather than how one comes to be in possession of such a dualism to begin with. What is the relationship between ‘structure’ and ‘agency’? The two seem inimical: ‘structure’ apparently means givenness, constraint, stability, whilst ‘agency’ seemingly implies creativity, autonomy, fluidity. How, then, do structure and agency relate in society: is it primarily one or the other? Does emphasis on structure marginalize or eliminate agency, does emphasis on agency dispose of structure? Which should we favour? Or should we seek an appropriate balance between them, saying that society is both structure and agency, that agency requires structure (or is only possible within structure) whilst structure is engendered by but emergent from agency? Asking about ‘structure and agency’ in this way, though, is to disregard the first way in which these two are related: they are presented as a dualism, given as terms in which to define our problematic. It is, though, possible to ask whether it is not the relationship of agency-to-structure within our theories which gives the problematic, but the character of our theories which sticks us with the dualism of agency-and-structure, and thus our attitude to theorizing which is problematic. Ethnomethodology approaches these matters in this way. It does not stand within the same conception of theorizing, does not affiliate itself to the received tradition of theorizing, but steps outside of that and thus outside of the collection of dualisms (including structure-and-agency) which comprise sociology’s institutionalized dilemmas.
Castoriadis on the Imaginary Institution of Society
Authors: Thompson John B
Published: November 2023

It is Castoriadis’s view that the nature of society and history has been obscured by certain emphases which run throughout the whole tradition of Westem thought. For this tradition, to which Marx belongs, has always situated reflection on the social-historical within an ontology of determinacy; it has always assumed that ‘to be’ has one sense: ‘to be determined’.
Ranclere and the Worker
Authors: Reid Donald
Published: November 2023

The Nights of Labor marks an initial summation ofRanciere’s intellectual career from his Althusserian youth through his Maoist years and the assertion of his own distinct voice in Les Revoltes logiques. In settling accounts with Althusser in the early 1970s, Ranciere developed a critique of Marx’s understanding of the working class. In the second half of the decade he pursued this project with respect to the images of the working class presented by both the labor movement and labor historians. Workers were valorized most, he argued, when they fitted a norm; their ‘difference· made them suspect. Ranciere rooted these images of the working class in past defeats within the labor movement and a contemporary self-doubt among radical intellectuals. In the years following the collapse of gauchisme, these intellectuals had sought a certainty in the working-class ‘other’.
‘Society’ and the ‘Public Sphere’ in Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Germany’
Authors: Melton James Van Horn
Published: November 2023

Hailer’s bitter polemic indicates that, despite the survival of the Aristotelian tradition in German political thought, the disaggregation of older conceptions of civil society had become clearly visible by the early nineteenth century.
In Praise of Theory: The Case for Women’s Studies
Authors: Bvans mary
Published: November 2023

One of the most obvious results of contemporary feminism has been the establishment of a new academic subject: that of Women’s Studies. None of the courses can be said to have been wekomed with wild enthusiasm by the male academic establishment: at best a benign clearance has allowed academics to teach courses about that half of the population which has been generally invisible in much of traditional scholarship. Yet at the same time as those of us teaching women’s Studies have been arguing with the more articulate battalions of male chauvinism, we have also been faced with a more problematic form of opposition, in the shape of criticism from other feminists who have voiced either misgivings or outright hostility to the mere idea of women’s Studies, and have condemned women’s Studies as incompatible with feminism.
Speaking/Writing/Feminism
Authors: kaplan cora
Published: November 2023

My mother describes me at eleven months. a particularly small baby, bundled, propped and harnessed in my pram outside our New York apartment house, addressing startled passers by with the adult precision of newly learnt speech: “Hellow, pretty lady!’ Speaking came early, came easy. eliciting surprise, approval and even tangible reward. This first gratifing experience of public speaking (I cannot remember it) seemed to set a pattern whid1 allowed me the courage forever after to break through the pauiarchal convention that enjoined women to deferential silence. I have always enjoyed the sound of my own voice, even when it has irritated and offended others. As a young political woman my lack of inhibition about public speaking frequently got me into trouble with the male-dominated left. It also, occasionally, got me where I not so secretly wanted to be-on a soapbox, addressing a crowd. In school at university, but most of all as an academic, ch.is ‘unnatural’ articulacy has helped to mark me out as a rebel. In professional gatherings where women are in a very small minority, it is normal for them to accept their marginality by staying relatively quiet. My frequent interventions ensure chat my social behaviour as well as my opinions are displeasing to my colleagues.
Is there a Feminist Method?
Authors: Harding Sandra
Published: November 2023

Over the last two decades feminist inquirers have raised fundamental challenges to the ways social science has analyzed women, men, and social Life. From the beginning, issues about method, methodology, and epistemology have been intervened with discussions of how best to correct the partial and distorted accounts in the traditional analyses. is there a distinctive feminist method of inquiry’ How does feminist methodology challenge-or complement-traditional methodologies? On what grounds would one defend the assumptions and procedures of feminist researchers? Questions such as these have generated important controversies with.in feminist theory and politics, as well as curiosity and anticipation in the traditional discourses.
Thoroughly Postmodern Feminist Criticism
Authors: Wright Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Psychoanalytic criticism. unlike any other criticism, offers feminist critics a way of looking at serially differentiated subjects, giving access to the sub reactivity of women in ’,Toting and in all forms of discursive practice. But when feminism takes up psychoanalysis it also takes on postmodernism: like postmodernism, it is interested in the shifting of boundaries. the undoing of binary oppositions, but at the same time it offers postmodernism a politics to be conducted in the literary and artistic field.
Modernism, Postmodernism, Gender: The View from Feminism
Authors: Waugh Patricia
Published: November 2023

The discourses of feminism clearly arise out of and are made possible by chose of Enlightened modernity and its models of reason, justice and autonomous subjectivity as universal categories. Feminist discourses, however, have been powerful forces in using some of the most entrenched and disguised contradictions and limitations of Enlightenment thought.
The Other: Woman
Authors: Irigaray Luce
Published: November 2023

Issues to do with women’s liberation generate a good deal of misunderstanding, confusion and pointless conflict. I would like to try to interpret a few of these associated with my own work. To do this, I will take three interrelated examples: (1) the meaning of the title and subtitle of Speculum, (2) the view or belief that I changed theoretical and political direction with An Etliics of Sexual Difference, (3) accusations that I have been untrue or a traitor to the women’s cause owing to my work with certain mixed-sex political groups, the Italian Communist Party among them.
Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence
Authors: Rich Adrienne
Published: November 2023

Feminist theory can no longer afford merely to voice a toleration of ‘lesbian· ism’ as an ‘alternative life-style’, or make token allusion to lesbians. A feminist critique of compulsory heterosexual orientation for women is long overdue. In this exploratory paper, I shall by to show why.[... ] I will begin by way of examples, briefly discussing books that have appeared in the last few years, written from different view points and political orientations, but all presenting themselves, and favorably reviewed, as feminist.1
Toward a Feminist Theory of the State
Authors: Mackinnon Catharine
Published: November 2023

what is it about women’s experience that produces a distinctive perspective on social reality) How is an angle of vision and an interpretive hermeneutics of social life created in the group, women’ [ ... J How are the qualities we know as male and female socially created and enforced on an everyday level? Sexual objectification of women-first in the world, then in the head, first in visual appropriation. then in forced sex, finally in sexual murder-provides answers.
Normalisation and Resistance in the Era of the lmage
Authors: Bordo Susan
Published: November 2023

Just how helpful[... ] is an emphasis on creative agency in describing the relation of women and their bodies to the image industry of post industrial capitalism, a context in which eating disorders and exercise compulsions are flourishing’ Does the USA have a multi million-dollar business in corrective, cosmetic surgery because women are asserting their racial and ethnic identities in resistance to prevailing norms, or because they are so vulnerable to the normalising power of those norms? Does an intellectual emphasis on ‘resistance’ really help us to describe and diagnose the politics of the body within the culture in which we live? Or, rather, does it participate in key mystifications of that culture’ I will close this chapter by briefly addressing these questions.
Ecofeminism
Authors: Mies Maria , Shiva Vandana
Published: November 2023

Ecofeminism, ‘a new term for an ancient wisdom’ grew out of various social movements-the feminist, peace and the ecology movements-in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Though the term was first used by Francoise D’Eaubonne” it became popular only in the context of numerous protests and activities against environmental destruction, sparked-off initially by recurring ecological disasters. The meltdown at Three Wiile Island prompted large.
Beyond the Screens: Film, Cyberpunk and Cyberfeminism
Authors: Plant Sadie
Published: November 2023

Machines and women have at least one thing in common: they are not men. In this they are not alone, but they do have a special association, and with recent developments in information technology, the relationship between women and machinery begins to evolve into a dangerous alliance. Silicon and womens liberation track each others development. [... ] Cyberfeminism is information technology as a fluid attack, an onslaught on human agency and the solidity of identity. Its flows breach the boundaries between man and machine, introducing systems of control whose complexity overwhelms the human masters of history Secreted in culture, its future begins to come up on the screen. downloaded virally into a present still striving, with increasing desperation, to live in the past.
Cyberfeminism with a Difference
Authors: Braidotti Rosi
Published: November 2023

In this article, I will first of all situate the question of cyber bodies in the framework of postmodernity. stressing the paradoxes of embodiment. I will subsequently play a number of variations on the theme of cyberferinism, highlighting the issue of sternal difference throughout. Contrary to jargon ridden usages of the term, I take postmodernity to signify the specific historical situation of post-industrial societies after the decline of modernist hopes and tropes. Symptomatic of these changes is urban space.
Germany’s Revolution of Destruction
Authors: Rauschning Hermann
Published: November 2023

Hermann Rauschning was a conservative nationalist who initially supported the National Socialists, became disaffected, and then went into exile, where he wrote books aimed at rallying conservative opposition to Hitler. Emphasizing its revolutionary dynamism and destructive will, he sought to warn against the consequences of a Nazi victory.