bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vigiar a velhice, vigiar o futuro: tecnologia, antecipação e governo de condutas // Old age surveillance, future surveillance: technology antecipation and conduct governance
Authors: Sanz Cláudia Linhares , Pessoa Mirella Ramos Costa
Published: March 2021

O artigo propõe discutir as imagens da velhice contemporânea a partir das relações entre vigilância, risco e governo de condutas. Trata-se de pensar, segundo uma perspectiva genealógica, como os atuais sentidos de ser velho estão entrelaçados ao regime de visibilidade contemporâneo, em especial, às dinâmicas de vigilância. De fato, a “nova imagem da terceira idade” não é apenas matéria de anúncios de bancos, aplicativos de beleza, comerciais de seguro de saúde ou campanhas de medicamentos sexuais, para citar alguns. Na realidade, ao incorporar progressivamente os velhos no campo produtivo, o neoliberalismo faz circular imagens que servem tanto para conformar um tipo de velhice performática e empresarial quanto para ampliar seu acervo de dados. As redes atuais de vigilância se apropriam, assim, também dos perfis da velhice contemporânea: hábitos de alimentação, cuidados com a saúde, comportamentos de compra, práticas de poupança. Dados que, além de sustentar padrões e tipos de velhice mais “adequados” às dinâmicas atuais, também ancoram intervenções sobre indivíduos e populações, legitimando (ou deslegitimando) investimentos e reformas governamentais. Nessa rede de sentidos, os minuciosos procedimentos de vigilância – que já não se limitam a lugares confinados ou a populações específicas – também não se restringem à nossa atualidade. Tal diagrama opera igualmente quando a velhice é ainda mera expectativa. Trata-se de tornar o processo de envelhecimento, com suas diversas fases e seus efeitos, eterno alvo de monitoramento, minucioso e digital. Algo que se realiza num movimento contínuo de antecipação do futuro, transformando a própria velhice em crescente fator de risco, tanto individual como social.
High‐Voltage Zinc‐Ion Batteries: Design Strategies and Challenges
Authors: Yan Jianping , Ang Edison Huixiang , Yang Yang , Zhang Yufei , Ye Minghui , Du Wencheng , Li Cheng Chao
Published: March 2021

Rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have recently attracted attention for applications in energy storage systems owing to their intrinsic safety, low cost, environmental compatibility, and competitive gravimetric energy density. To enable the practical applications of ZIBs, their energy density must be equivalent to the existing commercial lithium‐ion batteries. To acquire high‐energy density, increasing the operating voltage of the battery is undoubtedly an effective method, which demands cathode material to exhibit a high voltage versus Zn2+/Zn, while matching a highly reversible anode and an electrolyte with a sufficiently wide electrochemical stability window. This review focuses on the design strategies and challenges towards high‐voltage ZIBs. First, the basic electrochemistry of ZIBs and the recent progress in various high‐voltage cathode materials for ZIBs, including Prussian blue analogs, polyanionic compounds, and metal‐based oxides are introduced. The challenges and corresponding countermeasures of these materials are discussed, while strategies to further improve the cathode operating voltage, influence factors of voltage in the redox reaction, and energy storage mechanism are also illustrated. The following section describes the strategies towards high‐performance Zn anode, and summarizes the electrolytes that can help increase the battery voltage. The final section outlines the potential development in ZIBs.
Orientation‐Engineered Small‐Molecule Semiconductors as Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Zhiwen , Wu Qisheng , Cheng Rui , Zhang Hong , Wang Sijia , Chen Mojun , Xie Maohai , Chan Paddy Kwok Leung , Grätzel Michael , Feng Shien‐Ping
Published: March 2021

Crystallized p‐type small‐molecule semiconductors have great potential as an efficient and stable hole transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their relatively high hole mobility, good stability, and tunable highest occupied molecular orbitals. Here, a thienoacene‐based organic semiconductor, 2,9‐diphenyldinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (DPh‐DNTT), is thermally evaporated and employed as the dopant‐free HTM that can be scaled up for large‐area fabrication. By controlling the deposition temperature, the molecular orientation is modulated into a dominant face‐on orientation with π–π stacking direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, maximizing the out‐of‐plane carrier mobility. With an engineered face‐on orientation, the DPh‐DNTT film shows an improved out‐of‐plane mobility of 3.3 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, outperforming the HTMs reported so far. Such orientation‐reinforced mobility contributes to a remarkable efficiency of 20.2% for CH3NH3PbI3 inverted PSCs with enhanced stability. The results reported here provide insights into engineering the orientation of molecules for the dopant‐free organic HTMs for PSCs.
Polyoxometalates Facilitating Synthesis of Subnanometer Nanowires
Authors: Zhang Simin , Lu Qichen , Yu Biao , Cheng Xijun , Zhuang Jing , Wang Xun
Published: March 2021

Subnanometer nanowires (SNWs) refer to nanowires with diameters close to the size of a single crystal cell. SNWs show not only qualitative change in nature compared to the bulk materials or nanomaterials with larger size but also show several advantages in assembly and processing due to their polymer‐analog properties. However, the synthesis of SNWs is still a great challenge. Herein, a synthesis method of SNWs assisted by polyoxometalates is developed. Based on this method, several kinds of SNWs are prepared successfully, and the properties of the SNWs can be regulated efficiently and effectively, demonstrating the extensibility of this synthesis method. Among these SNWs, Bi2O3–PMoO SNWs show good photothermal conversion performance and can be processed into freestanding and flexible films through the wet‐spinning method. The Bi2O3–PMoO SNW films show good performance in solar steam generation and seawater desalination. The average stable evaporation rate can reach 1.38 kg m−2 h−1, and the efficiency is ≈91.1% under 1 sun illumination. The concentration of ions in the desalted seawater with the Bi2O3–PMoO SNWs film are reduced by four orders of magnitude, meeting the quality standards of drinking water and potential for practical utilization of solar energy in the seawater desalination.
Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9‐Responsive Surface Charge‐Reversible Nanocarrier to Enhance Endocytosis as Efficient Targeted Delivery System for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Han Qiu‐Ju , Lan Xiao‐Tong , Wen Ying , Zhang Chuan‐Zeng , Cleary Michael , Sayyed Yasra , Huang Guangdong , Tuo Xiaoling , Yi Long , Xi Zhen , Li Lu‐Yuan , Zhang Qiang‐Zhe
Published: March 2021

Nanoparticles, that can be enriched in the tumor microenvironment and deliver the payloads into cancer cells, are desirable carriers for theranostic agents in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, efficient targeted delivery and enhanced endocytosis for probes and drugs in theranostics are still major challenges. Here, a nanoparticle, which is capable of charge reversal from negative to positive in response to matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in tumor microenvironment is reported. This nanoparticle is based on a novel charge reversible amphiphilic molecule consisting of hydrophobic oleic acid, MMP9‐cleavable peptide, and glutamate‐rich segment (named as OMPE). The OMPE‐modified cationic liposome forms an intelligent anionic nanohybrid (O‐NP) with enhanced endocytosis through surface charge reversal in response to MMP9 in vitro. Successfully, O‐NP nanohybrid performs preferential accumulation and enhances the endocytosis in MMP9‐expressing xenografted tumors in mouse models, which improve the sensitivity of diagnosis agents and the antitumor effects of drugs in vivo by overcoming their low solubility and/or nonspecific enrichment. These results indicate that O‐NP can be a promising delivery platform for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Biofunctionalization of Dental Abutment Surfaces by Crosslinked ECM Proteins Strongly Enhances Adhesion and Proliferation of Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Palkowitz Alena L. , Tuna Taskin , Bishti Shaza , Böke Frederik , Steinke Nathalie , Müller‐Newen Gerhard , Wolfart Stefan , Fischer Horst
Published: March 2021

To ensure the long‐term success of dental implants, a functional attachment of the soft tissue to the surface of the implant abutment is decisively important in order to prevent the penetration of bacteria into the implant–bone interface, which can trigger peri‐implant disease. Here a surface modification approach is described that includes the covalent immobilization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fibronectin and laminin via a crosslinker to silanized Ti6Al4V and Y‐TZP surfaces. The surface properties are evaluated using static contact angle, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The interaction of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) with the immobilized ECM proteins is verified by analyzing the localization of focal contacts, cell area, cell morphology, proliferation rate, and integrin expression. It is observed in the presence of fibronectin and laminin an increased cellular attachment, proliferation, and integrin expression of HGFs accompanied by a significantly higher number of focal adhesions. The presented approach holds great potential to enable a stronger bond between soft tissue and implant abutment surface. This could potentially help to prevent the penetration of bacteria in an in vivo application and thus reduce the risk of periimplant disease.
A Dendrite‐Free Tin Anode for High‐Energy Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Yao Yanxin , Wang Zengyue , Li Zhejun , Lu Yi‐Chun
Published: March 2021

Metal‐based aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) such as zinc‐based ARFBs have attracted remarkable attention owing to their intrinsic high energy density. However, severe dendrite issues limit their efficiency and lifespan. Here an aqueous metal anode operating between Sn(OH)62− (stannate) and metal Sn is presented, providing a reversible four‐electron transfer at −0.921 V vs standard hydrogen electrode. In strong contrast to severe Zn dendrites, the Sn(OH)62−/Sn electrode shows smooth and dendrite‐free morphology, which can be attributed to its intrinsic low‐surface‐energy anisotropy which facilitates isotropic crystal growth of Sn metal. By coupling with iodide/tri‐iodide (I−/I3−), the static Sn–I cell demonstrates a stable cycling for 500 cycles (more than 2 months). In contrast, the state‐of‐the‐art Zn anode suffers from serious dendrites and lasts less than 45 cycles (190 h) in Zn–I cells. A stable continuous flow cycling of Sn–I cell achieves a Sn areal capacity of 73.07 mAh cm−2 at an average discharge voltage of 1.3 V for 350 h. The alkaline Sn electrode demonstrates dendrite‐free morphology and superior performance in cycle life and areal capacity compared to state‐of‐the‐art Zn metal anodes, offering a promising metal anode for high‐energy ARFBs and other metal‐based rechargeable aqueous batteries.
Recent Progress on Conductive Metal‐Organic Framework Films
Authors: Mu Xueyang , Wang Weike , Sun Chongcai , Wang Jiulong , Wang Chengbing , Knez Mato
Published: March 2021

Because of their outstanding structural, chemical, and functional diversity, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have brought about worldwide interest over the last 2 decades, which have been utilized in a wide range of applications in the fields of gas separation, storage, catalysis, and drug delivery. However, among these applications, MOFs are almost used in the form of powder. Due to their fragility and difficulty in preparing large‐area thin film materials, the study of MOF films and their electronic properties is a challenging problem in the research of MOFs. Owing to the low‐energy charge transport mode, most MOF films are essentially insulating, which largely limits their applications in fields where electronic charge transport takes place, such as electronics or electrochemistry. So, the introduction of conductivity into the MOF films opens new avenues for their applications in electrochemical sensing, supercapacitors, batteries, electrocatalysis, and electronic devices and makes the research on and with MOF films very active. Herein, the latest progress of conductive MOF films, including the preparation of MOF films, the design and adjustment strategies for constructing intrinsic and doping conductive MOF films, and their applications are reviewed. In addition, the numerous challenges of conductive MOF films are also elaborated.
Random Laser Spectral Fingerprinting of Lithographed Microstructures
Authors: Capocefalo Angela , Quintiero Eleonora , Bianco Monica , Zizzari Alessandra , Gentilini Silvia , Conti Claudio , Arima Valentina , Viola Ilenia , Ghofraniha Neda
Published: March 2021

Coherent random lasers (RLs) originate from the resonant amplification of the light scattered by disordered media resulting in spiky emission spectra with well‐defined spectral signatures. Here coherent RL emission is proposed as a tool for identifying the spectral fingerprint of porous micro‐structured materials obtained by soft lithography techniques. The close control of the spatial patterns and structural characteristics of the scattering elements enable us to obtain stable and unique RL spectra distinctive of each lithographed device. The spectral emission has been thoroughly analyzed with respect to the morphology of the devices in terms of surface roughness and surface volume fraction, demonstrating that the packing of the scattering particles is the main factor in determining a RL emission characterized by multiple linewidths with a high level of coherence. The findings provide novel insights for the realization of miniaturized photonic devices with selectable optical features.
Doubling the Near‐Infrared Photocurrent in a Solar Cell via Omni‐Resonant Coherent Perfect Absorption
Authors: Villinger Massimo L. , Shiri Abbas , Shabahang Soroush , Jahromi Ali K. , Nasr Magued B. , Villinger Christopher H. , Abouraddy Ayman F.
Published: March 2021

Minimizing the material usage in thin‐film solar cells can reduce manufacturing costs and enable mechanically flexible implementations, but concomitantly diminishes optical absorption. Coherent optical effects can help alleviate this inevitable drawback at discrete frequencies. For example, coherent perfect absorption guarantees that light is fully absorbed in a thin layer regardless of material or thickness—but only on resonance. Here, it is shown that “omni‐resonance” delivers such coherent enhancement over a broad bandwidth by structuring the optical field to nullify the angular dispersion intrinsic to resonant structures. After embedding an amorphous‐silicon thin‐film photovoltaic cell in a planar cavity, pre‐conditioning the incident light using an alignment‐free optical arrangement severs the link between the resonant bandwidth and the cavity‐photon lifetime, thereby rendering the cavity omni‐resonant. Coherently enhanced near‐infrared absorption doubles the photocurrent over the targeted spectral range 660–740 nm where every wavelength resonates. These results may pave the way to transparent solar cells that optimally harvest near‐infrared light.
Borosilicate Crystal LaBSiO5: A New Promising Ultraviolet Quasiphase Matching Material
Authors: Sha Hongyuan , Su Rongbing , Xiong Zheyao , Wang Zujian , Shan Pai , He Chao , Yang Xiaoming , Long Xifa
Published: March 2021

Nonlinear optical crystals with ferroelectricity, which could realize ultraviolet/deep‐ultraviolet coherent output by the quasiphase matching technology, are expected to be promising candidates for the new type of ultraviolet/deep‐ultraviolet nonlinear optical materials. Here, a new borosilicate crystal, LaBSiO5, is found, which is superior to the famous commercial quasiphase matching crystals, LiNbO3, KTiOPO4, and LaBGeO5 in performances. LaBSiO5 crystal exhibits excellent optical and electrical properties, including a short absorption cutoff (186 nm), a moderate second‐harmonic generation response (≈1.1 × KH2PO4), and the ferroelectric polarization reversal (coercive field ≈ 36.98 kV cm−1, remnant polarization ≈ 1.83 µC cm−2). Besides, no layering tendency is found during the process of crystal growth. Therefore, LaBSiO5 crystal is a potential ultraviolet quasiphase matching material.
Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of o‐Aza‐Quinone Methide for the Synthesis of 1,4‐Heterocycle‐Fused Quinolines
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Nanda Santosh K. , Fartade Dipak J.
Published: March 2021

A protocol involving intramolecular formal [4+2]‐cycloaddition of in situ generated o‐aza‐quinone methide for the facile synthesis of 1,4‐heterocycle‐fused quinoline motifs is demonstrated. The cascade involved tandem C−O, C−C, and C−N bond formation and also exhibited excellent functional group tolerance. Enantiomerically enriched 1,4‐oxazepino quinolines were synthesized using alkynols derived from L‐amino acids. The sulfoxide embedded quinolines were transformed to pentacyclic 1,4‐thiepino tethered indeno‐quinoline scaffolds via Pummerer cyclization.

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Bi(OTf)3‐Mediated (4+1) Annulation of α‐Sulfonyl o‐Hydroxyacetophenones with α‐Hydroxy Arylketones to Access Sulfonyl 2‐Aroylbenzofurans
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Chen Kuan‐Ting
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a high‐yield, facile route for the scalable synthesis of sulfonyl 2‐aroylbenzofurans via a Bi(OTf)3‐mediated intermolecular double cyclocondensation of α‐sulfonyl o‐hydroxyacetophenones with substituted α‐hydroxy arylketones under mild open‐vessel reaction conditions is described. In the overall reaction, water is generated as the only byproduct. Various metal triflate‐promoted reactions and conditions are investigated for the efficient one‐pot (4+1) annulation reaction.

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Phase Transitions and Water Splitting Applications of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Metal Phosphorous Trichalcogenides
Authors: Rao Tingke , Wang Huide , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Guo Zhinan , Zhang Han , Liao Wugang
Published: March 2021

2D layered materials turn out to be the most attractive hotspot in materials for their unique physical and chemical properties. A special class of 2D layered material refers to materials exhibiting phase transition based on environment variables. Among these materials, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) act as a promising alternative for their unique combination of atomic‐scale thickness, direct bandgap, significant spin–orbit coupling and prominent electronic and mechanical properties, enabling them to be applied for fundamental studies as catalyst materials. Metal phosphorous trichalcogenides (MPTs), as another potential catalytic 2D phase transition material, have been employed for their unusual intercalation behavior and electrochemical properties, which act as a secondary electrode in lithium batteries. The preparation of 2D TMD and MPT materials has been extensively conducted by engineering their intrinsic structures at the atomic scale. In this study, advanced synthesis methods of preparing 2D TMD and MPT materials are tested, and their properties are investigated, with stress placed on their phase transition. The surge of this type of report is associated with water‐splitting catalysis and other catalytic purposes. This study aims to be a guideline to explore the mentioned 2D TMD and MPT materials for their catalytic applications.
Operando Characterization Techniques for All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Strauss Florian , Kitsche David , Ma Yuan , Teo Jun Hao , Goonetilleke Damian , Janek Jürgen , Bianchini Matteo , Brezesinski Torsten
Published: March 2021

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), which utilize a liquid electrolyte, have established prominence among energy storage devices by offering unparalleled energy and power densities coupled with reliable electrochemical behavior. The development of solid‐state batteries (SSBs), utilizing a solid electrolyte layer for ionic conduction between the electrodes, could potentially offer further performance improvements in key areas such as energy density and safety. However, to date, SSBs remain unable to match the performance of their liquid counterparts. In light of renewed interest in accelerating the development of alternative energy storage devices, herein, a current overview of operando characterization techniques applied to solid‐state cells and related experimental setups is presented. Operando techniques, which allow materials to be studied as part of a dynamic system, have significantly advanced understanding of LIBs, and they offer the same potential for SSBs. To address this, a selection of analytical tools for probing interfacial/bulk electrochemical processes is highlighted and their advantages and challenges for studying various aspects of SSB chemistry are described. Finally, a perspective on how different techniques could support the future development of advanced SSBs is provided.
Geographic and temporal diversity in dental morphology reflects a history of admixture, isolation, and drift in African Americans
Authors: Gross Jessica M. , Edgar Heather J. H.
Published: March 2021

Objectives

While genetic studies have documented variation in admixture proportions in contemporary African Americans across the US, relatively little is known about the socio‐historical roots of this variation. Our goal in this study is to use dental morphology to explore the socio‐historical correlates of admixture, localized gene flow, and drift in African Americans.

Methods

Our data are ordinally‐graded dental morphological traits scored in 196 Africans, 335 Europeans and European Americans, 291 pre‐Spanish‐contact Native Americans, and 722 African Americans. The African American data derived from contemporary and historic samples. We eliminated from analysis individuals and traits with greater than 20% missing data. We summarized the major axes of trait variation using principal component analysis (PCA), estimated biological distance, constructed multidimensional scaling (MDS) plots of the distances, and measured the correlation between geographic and biological distance.

Results

In the PCA, African American groups clustered between Africans and Europeans on PC 1, reflecting admixture between the groups. PC 2 separated African American samples, possibly reflecting movement, isolation, and drift. MDS analyses confirmed the existence of sizable biological distances between African American samples, especially between contemporary and past African American samples. We found no relationship between biological and geographic distances.

Discussion

We demonstrate that admixture and drift can be inferred from multi‐variable analyses of patterns of dental morphology in admixed populations. Localized gene flow has not affected patterns of trait variation in African Americans, but long‐range movement, isolation, and drift have. We connect patterns of dental trait variation to efforts to flee oppression during the Great Migration, and the repeal of anti‐miscegenation laws.
Ligand Non‐innocence and Single Molecular Spintronic Properties of AgII Dibenzocorrole Radical on Ag(111)
Authors: Xu Jialiang , Zhu Li , Gao Hu , Li Chenhong , Zhu Meng‐Jiao , Jia Zhen‐Yu , Zhu Xin‐Yang , Zhao Yue , Li Shao‐Chun , Wu Fan , Shen Zhen
Published: March 2021

A facile method for the quantitative preparation of silver dibenzo‐fused corrole Ag‐1 is described. In contrast to the saddle conformation resolved by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis for Ag‐1, it adopts an unprecedented domed geometry, with up and down orientations, when adsorbed on an Ag(111) surface. Sharp Kondo resonances near Fermi level, both at the corrole ligand and the silver center were observed by cryogenic STM, with relatively high Kondo temperature (172 K), providing evidence for a non‐innocent AgII‐corrole.2− species. Further investigation validates that benzene ring fusion and molecule‐substrate interactions play pivotal roles in enhancing Ag(4d(x2−y2))–corrole (π) orbital interactions, thereby stabilizing the open‐shell singlet AgII‐corrole.2− on Ag(111) surface. Moreover, this strategy used for constructing metal‐free benzene‐ring fused corrole ligand gives rise to inspiration of designing novel metal–corrole compound for multichannel molecular spintronics devices.
The COVID‐19 Pandemic and Families in Japan
Authors: Shibusawa Tazuko , Ishii Chikako , Nakamura Shinichi , Tamura Takeshi , Watanabe Toshiyuki
Published: March 2021

This paper, which is authored by members of the Japanese Association of Family Therapy (JAFT), describes the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan from a family systems perspective. The authors are active members of JAFT and include current and past presidents and officers. We describe the course of the pandemic and the ways in which government policies to mitigate the pandemic have affected Japanese families. Challenges that affect Japanese families include the inability to participate in family and social rituals, prescribed gender roles that specifically affect women, high suicide rates, and prejudice against those who are at risk of spreading the infection. The need to shelter in place has also forced family homes to function as a workplace for parents, classrooms for children, and day care services for frail elders, which has resulted in psychological distress among individuals and conflicts among families. We discuss ways that therapists have worked with Japanese families using online therapy.
In situ green synthesis of MnFe2O4@EP@Ag nanocomposites using Epilobium parviflorum green tea extract: An efficient magnetically recyclable catalyst for the reduction of hazardous organic dyes
Authors: Gürbüz Mustafa Ulvi , Koca Murat , Elmacı Gökhan , Ertürk Ali Serol
Published: March 2021

The present paper introduces a plant‐mediated green synthesis of highly stable MnFe2O4@EP@Ag magnetically recyclable nanocomposites (MRNCs) using Epilobium parviflorum (EP) tea extract as a coating material on MnFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) for the Ag immobilization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy‐attenuated total reflectance (ATR‐FTIR) studies confirmed the presence of the polyphenolics in EP extract, including tannic, gallic, and other derivatives, which can enhance the complexation properties with silver ions on MnFe2O4 NPs. Thus, the capacity and the surface properties of the resulting nanosorbent (MnFe2O4@EP) can also improve their ability to form magnetic nanocatalyts without using any additional chemicals, toxic or extra‐reducing agents. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) verified the successful coating of EP extract on MnFe2O4 core as a 5 nm shell. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) confirmed the presence of both MnFe2O4 and crystalline silver nanoparticles in the core‐shell structure of the MnFe2O4@EP@Ag MRNCs. The obtained MnFe2O4@EP@Ag MRNCs displayed high efficiency and catalytic activity for the reduction of various azo dyes like methyl orange (MO), methyl red (MR), congo red (CR), alizarin yellow (AY), nitro aromatic compound, 4‐Nitrophenol (4 NP), and a common tracer, rhodamine B (RhB). Results displayed that the MnFe2O4@EP@Ag MRNCs revealed higher catalytic activity with the normalized rate constant (knor) of 350.47 s−1 g−1 for RhB reduction. Furthermore, they were highly efficient in the reduction of other azo dyes and nitro compound in the order of MO (85.51 s−1 g−1) > CR (70.09 s−1 g−1) > 4 NP (62.15 s−1 g−1) > AY (54.67 s−1 g−1) > MR (46.73 s−1 g−1). In addition, the MnFe2O4@EP@Ag MRNCs exhibited an excellent unchanged recovery efficiency even after several cycles; therefore, they can be good potential candidates for the treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater and a wide range of applications in heterogeneous catalysis.
Reactivity of human labial glands in response to cevimeline treatment
Authors: Loy Francesco , Isola Michela , Masala Carla , Isola Raffaella
Published: March 2021

Among the pathologies affecting the salivary glands, the Sjögren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disease, causes progressive destruction of the glandular tissue. The effect of SS is particularly evident on the labial glands and the morphological analysis of these minor glands is considered useful for diagnosis. Cevimeline hydrochloride (SNI), a selective muscarinic agonist drug, is one of the elective treatments for the hyposalivation due to SS, acting not only on major salivary glands, but also on labial glands since their secretion is primarily under parasympathetic control. Aim of this study is to describe the morphology of human labial glands treated with SNI by light, transmission, and high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, a morphometric analysis was applied to the light and transmission electron microscopy micrographs to obtain data that were then compared with analogous data collected on control and carbachol‐treated labial glands. Following SNI administration, the mucous tubules exhibited enlarged lumina, which were filled with a dense mucous secretion. Occasionally, small broken debris of the cells were retrieved into the lumen. In the mucous secretory cells, some mucous droplets fused to form a large vacuole‐like structure. Similarly, the seromucous acini showed both dilated lumina and canaliculi. These above reported signs of secretion were confirmed through morphometric analysis and a milder action of SNI than carbachol on labial parenchyma was observed. This study confirmed that SNI also evoked secretion on labial glands and that its effect is more physiologic than that of the pan‐muscarinic agonists.
New approaches to social skills training: Blended group interventions for girls with social communication difficulties
Authors: Wolstencroft Jeanne , Kerry Eleanor , Denyer Hayley , Watkins Alice , Mandy William , Skuse David
Published: March 2021

Social skills group interventions are increasing popular for children with social communication disorders but there is little evidence of their acceptability or effectiveness when delivered online. We report a feasibility study that adapted the Program for Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) to provide an intensive 8 week online delivery to female adolescents, blended with some face‐to‐face group meetings. A systematic multiple‐case series design with case tracking was developed, comprising a 3‐month baseline, a 2‐month intervention and a 3‐month follow‐up period. Seven adolescents with Turner Syndrome and social communication difficulties (17–20 years) took part, together with their parents. Acceptability and feasibility were assessed by means of qualitative feedback and attendance rates. Changes in social adaptation were tracked using measures of social knowledge, social behaviour and autistic symptoms, plus anxiety and self‐esteem. Attendance rates were consistently high and there were no dropouts. Qualitative feedback indicated the online format was acceptable to both the participants and their families. Objective outcome measures showed significant gains in social knowledge and improved social initiations from measures made during the pre‐intervention baseline. This proof‐of‐principle pilot study demonstrated blended social skills interventions are both feasible and acceptable to adolescent females with social communication difficulties.

Lay Summary

Social skills groups are increasingly popular for children with social communication disorders, but there is little evidence for their use online. Psychological treatments that require weekly face‐to‐face sessions for both children and their parents are associated with practical difficulties, disrupting family life and school commitments. Our study, is the first to use a blended online and face‐to‐face social skills training program for adolescent girls with social communication difficulties. We showed that this new approach to treatment was acceptable to families and has a positive and significant impact on participant's social performance and social knowledge. This new treatment approach may increase the accessibility of treatment for adolescents and young adults, especially those with social communication difficulties. Autism Res 2021, 14: 1061–1072. © 2021 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
(Re)framing a philosophical and epistemological framework for teaching and learning in STEM: Emerging pedagogies for complexity
Authors: Delahunty Thomas , Kimbell Richard
Published: March 2021

Today’s learners are engaging in study where access to knowledge is easier than it ever has been in human history. Rapid advancement of technology and the increasing ease with which communication and interaction can occur has dramatically changed the landscape in which teachers of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) operate. The contemporary skills that students are required to possess include inter alia problem solving, creativity, teamwork abilities, communication skills and emotional intelligence. Despite the universal acceptance of their importance, these skills are commonly cited as underdeveloped and in addition, are still accompanied by outmoded ‘traditional’ forms of teaching and assessment. While the approaches of twentieth‐century education were successful in developing knowledge stores, the ubiquity of access to knowledge—coupled with the constantly changing nature of the world today—requires alternative conceptions of teaching and learning. This article focuses primarily on an exploration of learning metaphors and teaching with the overall lens of creating self‐regulated and furthermore, self‐determined learners. The article begins with an exploration of learning in STEM education and a critique of the pedagogical perspective, discussing why this epistemology may be insufficient for contemporary STEM learning. The article then considers an alternative and potentially more contemporary notion; the emergent pedagogic space. The article presents a theoretical model to conceptualise learning in STEM education, with the goal of informing both practice and research. The realisation of this proposed emergent pedagogical space is explored through an applied case study from a design and technology context.
Accelerating and de‐risking CMC development with transposon‐derived manufacturing cell lines
Authors: Rajendran Sowmya , Balasubramanian Sowmya , Webster Lynn , Lee Maggie , Vavilala Divya , Kulikov Nicolay , Choi Jessica , Tang Calvin , Hunter Molly , Wang Rebecca , Kaur Harpreet , Karunakaran Surya , Sitaraman Varsha , Minshull Jeremy , Boldog Ferenc
Published: March 2021

The development of highly productive, genetically stable manufacturing cell lines is on the critical path to IND filing for protein‐based biologic drugs. Here, we describe the Leap‐In Transposase® platform, a novel transposon‐based mammalian (e.g., Chinese hamster ovary) cell line development system that produces high‐titer stable pools with productivity and product quality attributes that are highly comparable to clones that are subsequently derived therefrom. The productivity distributions of clones are strongly biased toward high producers, and genetic and expression stability is consistently high. By avoiding the poor integration rates, concatemer formation, detrimental transgene recombination, low average expression level, unpredictable product quality, and inconsistent genetic stability characteristic of nonhomologous recombination methods, Leap‐In provides several opportunities to de‐risk programs early and reduce timelines and resources.
Constitutively active Rheb mutants [T23M] and [E40K] drive increased production and secretion of recombinant protein in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: De Poi Stuart P. , Xie Jianling , Smales C. Mark , Proud Christopher G.
Published: March 2021

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are high value agents used for disease therapy (“biologic drugs”) or as diagnostic tools which are widely used in the healthcare sector. They are generally manufactured in mammalian cells, in particular Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells cultured in defined media, and are harvested from the medium. Rheb is a small GTPase which, when bound to GTP, activates mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, a protein kinase that drives anabolic processes including protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. Here, we show that certain constitutively active mutants of Rheb drive faster protein synthesis in CHO cells and increase the expression of proteins involved in the processing of secreted proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, which expands in response to expression of Rheb mutants. Active Rheb mutants, in particular Rheb[T23M], drive increased cell number under serum‐free conditions similar to those used in the biotechnology industry. Rheb[T23M] also enhances the expression of the reporter protein luciferase and, especially strongly, the secreted Gaussia luciferase. Moreover, Rheb[T23M] markedly (2–3 fold) enhances the amount of this luciferase and of a model immunoglobulin secreted into the medium. Our data clearly demonstrate that expressing Rheb[T23M] in CHO cells provides a simple approach to promoting their growth in defined medium and the production of secreted proteins of high commercial value.
Aberrant functional connectivity and activity in Parkinson’s disease and comorbidity with depression based on radiomic analysis
Authors: Zhang Xulian , Cao Xuan , Xue Chen , Zheng Jingyi , Zhang Shaojun , Huang Qingling , Liu Weiguo
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The current diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) comorbidity with depression (DPD) largely depends on clinical evaluation. However, the modality may tend to lack precision in detecting PD with depression. A radiomic approach that combines functional connectivity and activity with clinical scores has the potential to achieve accurate and differential diagnosis between PD and DPD.

Methods

In this study, we aimed to employ the radiomic approach to extract large‐scale features of functional connectivity and activity for differentiating among DPD, PD with no depression (NDPD), and healthy controls (HC). We extracted 6,557 features of five types from all subjects including clinical characteristics, resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC), amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and voxel‐mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). Lasso, random forest, and support vector machine (SVM) were implemented for feature selection and dimension reduction based on the training sets, and the prediction performance for different methods in the testing sets was compared.

Results

The results showed that nineteen features were selected for the group of DPD versus HC, 34 features were selected for the group of NDPD versus HC, and 17 features were retained for the group of DPD versus NDPD. In the testing sets, Lasso prediction achieved the accuracies of 0.95, 0.96, and 0.85 for distinguishing between DPD and HC, NDPD and HC, and DPD and NDPD, respectively. Random forest achieved the accuracies of 0.90, 0.82, and 0.90 for distinguishing between DPD and HC, NDPD and HC, and DPD and NDPD, respectively, while SVM yielded the accuracies of 1, 0.86 and 0.65 for distinguishing between DPD and HC, NDPD and HC, and DPD and NDPD, respectively.

Conclusions

By identifying aberrant functional connectivity and activity as potential biomarkers, the radiomic approach facilitates a deeper understanding and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of DPD to support the clinical diagnosis with high prediction accuracy.
Proteomics reveals the function reverse of MPSSS‐treated prostate cancer‐associated fibroblasts to suppress PC‐3 cell viability via the FoxO pathway
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Chen Xiulan , Sun Lang , Guo Xiaojing , Cai Tanxi , Wang Jifeng , Zeng Yanqiong , Ma Jing , Ding Xiang , Xie Zhensheng , Niu Lili , Zhang Mengmeng , Tao Ning , Yang Fuquan
Published: March 2021

Prostate cancer‐associated fibroblasts (prostate CAFs) are essential components of the tumor microenvironment and can promote tumor progression through their immunosuppressive functions. MPSSS, a novel polysaccharide purified from Lentinus edodes, has been reported to have anti‐tumor activity. MPSSS could also inhibit the immunosuppressive function of prostate CAFs, which has been demonstrated through that the secretome of MPSSS‐treated prostate CAFs could inhibit the proliferation of T cells. However, how the secretome of MPSSS‐treated prostate CAFs influence prostate cancer progression is still unclear. Interestingly, we found that the low molecular weight (3–100kD) secretome of prostate CAFs (lmwCAFS) could promote the growth of PC‐3 cells, while that of MPSSS‐treated prostate CAFs (MT‐lmwCAFS) could inhibit their growth. We carried out comparative secretomic analysis of lmwCAFS and MT‐lmwCAFS to identify functional molecules that inhibit the growth of PC‐3 cells, and proteomic analysis of lmwCAFS‐treated PC‐3 cells and MT‐lmwCAFS‐treated PC‐3 cells to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. These analyses suggest that TGF‐β3 from MT‐lmwCAFS may inhibit the growth of PC‐3 cells. The validated experiments revealed that TGF‐β3 from MT‐lmwCAFS activated p21 expression in PC‐3 cells by regulating the FoxO pathway thereby inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of PC‐3 cells. Overall, our data demonstrated that MPSSS reversed the ability of prostate CAFs to suppress the cell viability of PC‐3 cells, which might provide a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent prostate cancer progression.
A Review of the Application of Steel Slag in CO2 Fixation
Authors: Wang Junya , Zhong Mi , Wu Pengfei , Wen Shikun , Huang Liang , Ning Ping
Published: March 2021

Steel slag is the main by‐product during the steel manufacturing process, with the characteristics of large output and low utilization rate. Since the high content of calcium oxide in steel slag, it is often used for CO2 capture. In this paper, progress on the development of steel slag for fixing CO2 is reviewed. This review is organized according to the carbonation type of steel slag, including direct carbonation and indirect carbonation. For direct carbonation, it is introduced from two parts: aqueous carbonation and gas‐solid carbonation. For indirect carbonation, it is summarized according to the extracting agent. The carbonation condition and capacity will be carefully discussed. Besides, the techno‐economic assessments of using steel slag for CO2 capture are discussed. This paper will provide an overview of the steel slag using for CO2 sequestration available and valuable suggestions for future study.
Acute myocardial infarction treated with novel Resolute Onyx and Orsiro stents in the randomized BIONYX trial
Authors: Ploumen Eline H. , Buiten Rosaly A. , Zocca Paolo , Doggen Carine J. M. , Jessurun Gillian A. J. , Schotborgh Carl E. , Roguin Ariel , Danse Peter W. , Benit Edouard , Aminian Adel , Anthonio Rutger L. , Somi Samer , Linssen Gerard C.M. , Hartmann Marc , Kok Marlies M. , von Birgelen Clemens
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To compare 2‐year outcome following treatment with drug‐eluting stents (DES) for acute myocardial infarction (MI) versus non‐MI clinical syndromes. In acute MI patients, a stent‐level comparison was performed, comparing Resolute Onyx versus Orsiro stents.

Background

In patients presenting with acute MI, higher adverse event rates have been reported. So far, no clinical results >1 year have been published of acute MI patients treated with Resolute Onyx.

Methods

This post‐hoc analysis of the randomized BIONYX trial(NCT02508714) assessed the main outcome target vessel failure (TVF: cardiac death, target vessel MI, or target vessel revascularization) with Kaplan–Meier methods.

Results

Of all 2,488 trial participants, acute MI patients (n = 1,275[51.2%]) were significantly younger and had less comorbidities than non‐MI patients (n = 1,213[48.8%]). TVF rates were lower in acute MI patients (77/1,275[6.1%] vs. 103/1,213[8.6%], HR:0.70, 95%‐CI 0.52–0.94; plog‐rank = 0.02), mainly driven by target vessel revascularization (4.1 vs. 6.1%, plog‐rank = 0.03). Multivariate analysis showed no independent association of clinical syndrome with TVF (adjusted‐HR: 0.81, 95%‐CI 0.60–1.10; p = .17). In MI patients treated with Resolute Onyx (n = 626) versus Orsiro (n = 649), there was no difference in TVF (6.2 vs. 6.1%; plog‐rank = 0.97) and its components. There was only 1(0.2%) definite‐or‐probable stent thrombosis in RO‐ZES and 8(1.2%) in O‐SES (p = .053).

Conclusions

Two years after treatment with thin‐strut DES in this randomized trial, patients treated for acute MI had lower adverse event rates than non‐MI patients. Yet, these findings were mainly attributable to between‐group differences in patient and lesion characteristics. In patients who underwent PCI for acute MI, both Resolute Onyx and Orsiro showed favorable and similar 2‐year outcomes.
Prenatal diagnosis of a de novo trisomy 20p detected by noninvasive prenatal testing
Authors: Yan Xu , Peng Haiying , Zhang Changjun
Published: March 2021

Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20p seems to be difficult, considering the capacity of ultrasound to detect mild dysmorphic. NIPT has good performance in detecting fetal trisomy 20p combined with low coverage WGS and karyotype analysis.
Multiple small bowel metastasis of primary non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kang Do Kyun , Kang Min Kyun , Heo Woon , Hwang Youn‐Ho , Nam Kyung Han
Published: March 2021

Gastrointestinal metastasis could be considered in the differential diagnosis of melena in the patient with NSCLC history.
Heat Transfer at a Particle‐Tube Wall Contact Point: Impact of Catalyst Configuration on Hot Spots
Authors: Zare Mahdi , Hashemabadi Seyed Hassan , Sheikhi Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Hot spots tend to cause serious problems owing to probable damages to the reactor wall in intense endothermic reactions leading to safety concerns and enormous repairing costs. The heat transfer of a single cylindrical particle is studied empirically and numerically to evaluate hot spot creation close to the bed wall. Computational fluid dynamcis (CFD) methodology is used to solve the momentum, continuity, and energy equations simultaneously. The newly developed experimental method is applied to validate simulation data using the Chilton‐Colburn analogy. The particle rotation over the X, Y, and Z axes is studied and analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to statistically investigate the particle rotation effects on the dimensionless maximum temperature of the reactor wall.
Bioinspired Activation ofN2on Asymmetrical Coordinated Fe Grafted1T MoS2at Room Temperature†
Authors: Guo Jiaojiao , Wang Maoyu , Xu Liang , Li Xiaomin , Iqbal Asma , Sterbinsky George E. , Yang Hao , Xie Miao , Zai Jiantao , Feng Zhenxing , Cheng Tao , Qian Xuefeng
Published: March 2021

Main observation and conclusion

Inspired by the nitrogen fixation process on MoFe nitrogenase, asymmetrical coordinated Fe grafted onto 1T MoS2were successfully synthesized. The unique electron‐rich structure with asymmetrical coordination made the 1T Fe0.1Mo0.9S2layered material actively react with water and dinitrogen at room temperature and atmosphere pressure. Subsequently, ammonia can be produced with a yield of ~800 μmol (NH4+) g−1(12.5% yield in mole). The activation, fixation and reduction of dinitrogen were confirmed by isotopically labeled experiments. The location and the specific coordination environment of grafted Fe in Fe‐Mo‐S were further determined by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analysis. Our work demonstrates that the nitrogen fixation and reduction for ammonia at room temperature without any chemical and electrochemical assistance is distinctly different from traditional bionic‐inspired nitrogen fixation process. The mechanism of the activation and reduction of N2was further investigated by density functional theory calculation and Raman spectra. Compared with 1T MoS2, the enriched electron nature and asymmetrical coordination of Fe in Fe‐Mo‐S materials play a critical role in the bioinspired activation of N2at ambient condition.