bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo e desenvolvimento do módulo de gerenciamento de missões pré-programadas na plataforma SmartFarm utilizando VANTs
Authors: Da Silva Cleber Dos Santos Medeiros , Hachisuca Antonio Marcos Massao
Published: May 2020

Cresce o número de produtores e empresas de alimentos que utilizam sistemas baseados em Agricultura de Precisão (AP), para melhorar sua produtividade, seus produtos e os seus meios de produção. Utilizando componentes como sensores, para aquisição de informações, robôs na automação de tarefas, máquinas inteligentes e Veículos aéreos Não Tripulados (VANTs), também conhecidos como drones, para aquisição de imagens da lavoura. Surge a necessidade de armazenar, processar e gerenciar dados produzidos em uma fazenda, possibilitando a criação de uma plataforma computacional para gerenciamento destas informações, introduzindo ao conceito de uma fazenda digital (Smart Farm). Empresas e agricultores começam a considerar o uso de robôs para a automação de tarefas agrícolas. O uso de VANTs com avançados sensores e captura de imagens, relativamente baratos, estão criando novas formas de aumentar os lucros e reduzir os danos à produção. Drones estão ganhando espaço no mercado civil, empresas como Intel, Qualcomm, Microsoft, Apple já investiram em 2017, mais de US$500 milhões nesta área. Nos últimos anos, está crescendo a procura pela utilização de drones no sensoriamento remoto. O mapeamento aéreo de propriedades agrícolas tem como resultado, um meio de estimar a produção atual, monitorando o progresso ao longo do tempo. Nesse contexto, surge o projeto Smart Farm, com o objetivo de gerenciar e processar informações oriundas de sensores, ou imagens de um drone. Um módulo nesta plataforma consiste na criação de missões para captura de imagens da lavoura, ou em pontos específicos da propriedade. Assim, foi desenvolvido uma arquitetura contendo uma a plataforma web, APIs e um aplicativo capaz de controlar drones da empresa Dà-Jiāng Innovations (DJI), com base em seu SDK mobile. Utilizando o GPS, Google Maps e o SDK é possível criar uma missão pré-programada, no qual o drone seguirá pontos capturando imagens em diferentes ângulos e direções para pós processamento destas imagens na plataforma.
Utilização de Pygame para Ensino e Aprendizado de Orientação a Objetos
Authors: Camargo Ramon G. , Ribeiro Carlos E. , Sordi Junior Fabio , Anastácio Paulo R. , Merlin José R.
Published: May 2020

A programação de computadores se apresenta como complexa para muitos estudantes da área. Uma das causas desta complexidade é a dificuldade em lidar com o nível de abstração exigido para construção de programas. Por isto, diversos autores buscam métodos alternativos de ensino. Neste artigo, é abordada a programação de jogos com a utilização de Pygame, uma biblioteca da linguagem Python. Pretende-se, com isto, que a aprendizagem de programação orientada a objetos possa ser tratada como uma experiência visual, diminuindo a abstração. Os temas normalmente vistos nas disciplinas são analisados no contexto de Pygame. Os resultados preliminares mostram que é possível o ensino dos conceitos de orientação a objetos por meio do desenvolvimento de jogos simples.
Risk Factors of Early Breastfeeding Jaundice: How Can Gynecologists and Nurses be Effective in Reducing It?
Authors: Siroosbakht Soheila , Aminian Ali Reza , Rezakhaniha Bijan
Published: May 2020

Background: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common neonatal problems. About 60% of term and 80% of preterm neonates have jaundice. Objectives: Due to the high prevalence of early neonatal jaundice, which can lead to mothers’ concerns and even hospitalization of neonates, we decided to study the frequency and risk factors of breast feeding jaundice to determine the role of gynecologists and nurses in the development of this type of jaundice. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sampling method was by convenience. Study populations included one hundred terms, exclusively breastfed neonates aged equal or less than seven days with jaundice who were admitted in Golestan and Khanevadeh hospitals Tehran, Iran from July 2019 to January 2020. Results: The percentage of causes of jaundice in the study population was 65% non-breastfeeding jaundice (29 male, 36 female), including 36% blood group incompatibility, 19% Rh incompatibility and 10% G6PD deficiency. The amount of breast feeding jaundice was 35% (18 male, 17 female). The most significant factors in breastfeeding jaundice were: use of water or sugar water, depressed nipple, mother’s unwillingness to breastfeed; inappropriate breastfeeding technique, and birth weight < 2500 g. Conclusions: The high prevalence of breastfeeding jaundice indicates that policies of breastfeeding education need to be revised. Breastfeeding education before delivery, attention of gynecologists to breast problems of mothers during pregnancy, professional coordination of nurses and physicians for effective breastfeeding training, and early mothers’ revisit after the initial discharge of neonates can reduce the frequency of breastfeeding jaundice and readmission of neonates.
Recurrent Event Analysis of Coronary Artery Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Angioplasty
Authors: Beiranvand Behrouz , Hajizadeh Ebrahim , Rasekhi Aliakbar , Amirfarhangi Abdollah , Nasseryan Javad
Published: May 2020

Background: Restenosis after coronary angioplasty can have serious complications such as coronary artery bypass graft, myocardial infarction, and death. Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the factors affecting the recurrence of coronary artery stenosis in patients undergoing angioplasty using the recurrent event data analysis. Methods: A cohort study was performed on patients undergoing coronary angioplasty from March 23, 2009, to January 21, 2011. All patients were followed up from angioplasty to January 21, 2015. First, each of the independent variables was entered into the univariate Cox model with a frailty component. Then, variables with p-values of less than 0.2 were entered into the multivariate analysis. The statistical analysis was done using R software, version 3.6, at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The present study was conducted on 1,000 patients who underwent coronary angioplasty. We found that 441 patients experienced restenosis at least once in the study period. The mean survival time to the first event of restenosis was 44.08 ± 1.06 months. Patients with a history of diabetes, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction had a significantly higher hazard of restenosis compared to other patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the recurrent event survival analysis confirmed the significant role of risk factors such as a history of diabetes, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction. Therefore, training to enhance the patients’ awareness and attitude seems necessary to prevent them from exposing whit known risk factors. The periodic follow-up of patients with risk factors and more ongoing care are also necessary.
The Virtue of Justice and the Justice of Institutions
Authors: Darr Ryan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2020

Justice, according to Thomas Aquinas, is a personal virtue. Modern theorists, by contrast, generally treat justice as a virtue of social institutions. Jean Porter rightly argues that both perspectives are necessary. But how should we conceive the relationship between the virtue of justice and the justice of institutions? I address this question by drawing from Aquinas’s account of the role of the convention of money in mediating relations of just exchange. Developing Aquinas’s account, I defend two conclusions and raise one problem. The conclusions are: (1) Aquinas does presuppose the need for just institutions in just relations; (2) Aquinas highlights the importance of an underappreciated consideration: the way institutions mediate just or unjust relationships. The problem, which naturally arises from bringing together the virtue of justice and the justice of institutions, is whether and how individuals can act justly in a context of structural injustice.
Aproveitamento da água de chuva para lavagem de máquinas agrícolas e veículos: estudo de caso do Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Authors: Nogueira Cicero Urbanetto , Nogueira Helena Maria Camilo de Moraes , Fantinel Antonio Luiz , Jahn Sérgio Luiz , Padrón Richard Alberto Rodríguez
Published: May 2020

The studies on management and use of water resources has been one focus of several research, they are looking for alternatives to the use of natural resources and sustainability. The study aimed to planning, execution and estimate the economic return of the use of rainwater for washing vehicles, agricultural machinery and implements. The study was conducted for the sector of mechanization of the Polytechnic School of the Federal University of Santa Maria, from March 2011 to February 2013. The roof of agricultural mechanization sector has a catchment area of 215.45 m2 . Five tanks of 7000 liters each were installed. The underground water consumption was reduced by 100%. It was used 458,120.25 liters of water from rainy and intended for the proposed activities. The reservoirs were the largest investment, accounting for 63%, followed by washing 27% and 10% of total costs. A total savings of R $ 2009.66 was obtained and monthly R $ 83.74 depending on the costs of water. The system of rainwater harvesting is an alternative to reduce the consumption of water from other sources.
Identificação das classes de metabólitos secundários no extrato etanólico dos frutos e folhas de Eugenia uniflora L.
Authors: Lima Renato Abreu , Silva Ana Cristina
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to conduct a preliminary phytochemical study of the ethanol extract of the leaves and fruits of E. uniflora. This work consisted of the plant collection in Porto Velho, and the preparations of the extracts were performed at the Phytochemical Laboratory, being done cleaning, sorting and weighing of the still fresh material, and taken to the greenhouse recirculation, for 48 to 72 hours at 50°C. Then she added 1 liter of ethanol for sheets and 350 mL of ethanol for fruit and left undisturbed for seven days. Subsequently, the material was subjected to simple distillation, and phytochemical test that consisted in the identification of secondary metabolites according to precipitation and coloration of extracts diluted in solution and specific reagents for each alkaloids test, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, triterpenes and saponins. Phytochemicals tests in ethanol extract of the leaves and fruits of E. uniflora showed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids and tannins. However, negative results are saponins and triterpenes. It is concluded that the ethanol extract of the leaves and fruits of E. uniflora presents secondary metabolites that need to be tested in biological assays in vitro and in vivo.
Horta na escola: incentivo ao cultivo e a interação com o meio ambiente
Authors: Eno Élen Gomes de Jesus , Luna Renata Raimundo , Lima Renato Abreu
Published: May 2020

The garden of medicinal plants and vegetables is a means of encouraging the community to better understand herbal and have a healthy diet, and to establish an environmental education to achieve the collective awareness. The present work aimed to develop pedagogical practices at the State Primary School Father Mario Castagna, in Porto Velho, Rondônia, providing learning about the importance of good nutrition with vegetables without any pesticide and environment preservation. Small vegetables were grown in tires, considering that its raw material is long lasting and with the intention of removing them from the environment, while branched plants planted in prepared soil with compost and black soil, as well as the tires . As a result, we obtained very healthy and beautiful vegetables, and seedlings of medicinal plants survived and are growing rapidly, thus preserving the environment. It is concluded that herbal relating to everyday life and a richer school meals in nutrients and vitamins, so we added benefits to this community, and also the participation and interaction of all keep the project alive in the garden at school.
Percepção dos moradores sobre a poluição do rio Cariús, município de Farias Brito, Ceará
Authors: Pereira Pedro Silvino , Pereira Andréia Matos Brito , Castro Cícero Luciano Ferreira de
Published: May 2020

Most towns facing major problems such as river pollution, poor sanitation, among others. Today has sought an improvement in quality of life and environment. The environmental quality in turn relates to the improvement of livelihood, community arouse becoming important for an environmental awareness toward the conservation of the environment in which they live. This research was conducted with the people living around the Rio Cariús. The objective was to investigate the perception of people living around the river Cariús over the same. For the study we used a qualitative approach with quantitative elements, and employed a semi-structured questionnaire, which were approached at random, a hundred local residents. Data were tabulated in Excel. According to the survey 53% were female; 17% knew what they were environmental education; 58% said that the environment is defined as nature and yet replied that the way to improve the lives of the river would be the city have a sewerage system (27%) and be developed in an environmental education program to minimize environmental impacts and how to raise awareness.
Disassembly of waste printed circuit boards using air heating and centrifugal force
Authors: Rubin Ricardo Soares , Castro Marco Aurélio Soares de , Brandão Dennis
Published: May 2020

Waste electrical and electronic equipment is a significant source of material that can contribute to reduce environmental impacts associated to extraction and discard stages; therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient recycling processes for components such as Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). Current methods for PCB recycling may be optimized by previous disassembly of such components. In the work reported here, an especially designed and manufactured centrifuge was employed to disassemble PCBs from power supplies (PS-PCBs) and memory chips (ME-PCBs) of personal computers (PCs), through combination of hot air flow and centrifugal force. The results showed that the device was capable of separating tin solder, electronic components (EC) and PCB substrate, as long as hazardous components and plastic parts are previously removed. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) with combined energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer showed that the recovered solder had under 3%wt of contamination; therefore, it can be employed in the production of new soldering material, replacing the more commonly used solder dross. EC recovery rates were up to 94%wt for PS-PCBs and 32%wt for ME-PCBs, and once components such as inductors were not visibly damaged in the process, possibilities of reusing recovered components may be further investigated.
Chemical, physical and thermal characterization of wood pellets from different compositions
Authors: Camargo Bruno Silva , Braghni Junior Aldo , Camargo Sâmique Araujo , Caraschi José Cláudio
Published: May 2020

Pellets are characterized by renewable biomass and may be an option for replacing fossil fuels. The objective of this paper is to analyze and compare a set of pellets of different compositions, based on their physical, chemical and thermal characteristics for energy purposes, comparing them against international standards. To this end, the international standards SS187120 (Swedish), ONORM M7135 (Austrian), DIN 51731 (German) and the official standards recommended by the Pellets Fuel Institute (PFI) (United States) were used as reference for the parameters analyzed. Three types of pellets were analyzed: Pinus ssp. with 15% in mass of charcoal fines (P1), Pinus ssp. (P2) and Eucalyptus ssp. (P3). The analyses carried out indicated that the P1 pellets had the greatest higher heating value (20.52 MJ.kg-1). With regard to moisture content, mechanical durability and bulk density, all pellets achieved the quality parameters. Regarding the gaseous emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), some of the pellets presented values higher than the CONAMA standard. As for NOX emissions, they presented values below the standard and there were no emissions of SO2. Thus, it can be observed that the different types of pellets analyzed had a high energy potential according to the Austrian standard ONORM M7135.
Spatial-temporal analysis of the risk to water pollution against land use changes in Lobo Stream Drainage Basin, Itirapina-SP, Brazil
Authors: Anjinho Phelipe Da Silva , Santos Allita Rezende dos , Barbosa Mariana Abibi Guimarães Araujo , Mauad Frederico Fabio
Published: May 2020

The landscape transformation caused by economical activities generates impacts on natural ecosystems and the water system is one of the most susceptible to anthropic alterations. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze the vulnerability of the water resources of the Lobo Stream Drainage Basin (LSDB), Itirapina-SP, through the application of the Environmental Quality Index of Water Resources (EQI-Hydro), in a 32 years period, corresponding to the years 1985 and 2017. The EQI-Hydro was calculated from the analysis of the Euclidean distance of the water resources to the impacting sources, determined by means of land use classification, and then rescaled based on fuzzy logic. The results show that approximately 57% of the watershed area is classified as high and very high EQI-Hydro. The Itaqueri River and the Água Branca Stream are the most vulnerable to pollution due to their proximity to pollution sources. This manifests the need for adequate agricultural practices and public policies for forest restoration, aiming the preservation of the LSDB water resources.
Sustainable Urban Drainage: a brief review of the compensatory techniques of structural and non-structural measures
Authors: Albuquerque Mariana Borges , Araújo Angélica Ardengue de , Martinez Carlos Eduardo Nunes Medina , Mauad Frederico Fábio , Okawa Cristhiane Michiko Passos
Published: May 2020

The accelerated disorderly and unplanned growth of cities has had negative impacts, such as the inability of the rainwater collection network to drain the area, causing flooding. Developing sustainable urban drainage projects, integrated urban water management and compensatory techniques in urban drainage are alternatives used to reduce the negative effects of urbanization on the hydrological cycle. Planning the surface runoff of urban water should go beyond structural projects, we must consider technical, financial, political and cultural aspects, among others, which makes this process complex, although very necessary. The aim of this paper is to undertake a brief literature review presenting the main urban drainage compensatory techniques used to promote sustainable management of rainwater. It concludes that there are many compensatory techniques that can be applied to promote and make sustainable urban drainage possible, whether through structural or non-structural measures.
Minimum trends in air temperature in the municipality of Porto Velho - RO from 1971 to 2016
Authors: Ruezzene Camila Bermond , Aguiar Renata Gonçalves , Fischer Graciela Redies , Andrade Nara Luísa Reis de , Miranda Renato Billia de , Mauad Frederico Fabio
Published: May 2020

In recent years, studies focused on the climate of the Amazon have been the focus of major research mainly to identify possible temperature trends. The objective of this study was to analyze the trends and the years of abrupt changes in temperature that occurred in the Southwest Amazon from 1971 to 2016 in the municipality of Porto Velho-RO. The study area is located in the municipality of Porto Velho at the Meteorological Station of Surface, we used average daily temperature data and subdivided into climatological series from 1971 to 2006 and 1981 to 2016. The Mann-Kendall and Pettitt tests were used to verify trends. A positive trend was observed for the Mann-Kendall test for the months of January, February, March, April, June, September, October and December of 1971 to 2006 and for the years 1981 to 2016 only the months of March and June presented a trend temperature increase. The Pettitt test indicated a sudden change in the data series coinciding with most of the months that showed a tendency to increase the minimum air temperature by the Mann-Kendall test in the years 1971 to 2006. From 1981 to 2016 the Pettitt test indicated the months of March and June with changes in the minimum air temperature, this result also coincided with the months with positive trends.
Analysis and evaluation of the effects of housing foundation activities on improving the physical and social dimension of development of rural settlements case study: Moghan County (Germi) Villages
Authors: Kalansara Firouz Mahdizade , Jahani Mahdi , Ahmadian MohammadAli
Published: May 2020

Rural development has a close relationship with structural processes such as social and physical processes. Therefore, in this study, the effects of housing activities in two social and physical dimensions of villages in the city of Germi have been investigated.In order to know about the issues and the results of the preparation and implementation of these projects, it is necessary to study case studies of eligible villages, in this regard, to evaluate the plans of the rural municipality and villagers and the rural ownership document in the villages of Moghan (Germi) 55 villages of the city have been implemented. In this research, descriptive-analytic method has been used based on documentary studies and field operations (questionnaire, interview, etc.). Given the number of villages and the high number of households in rural areas, a sample size of 287 households was determined using the Cochran formula and distributed randomly among the households living in each village. The results of the research show that the relationship between the activities of the Housing Foundation and the social development of the villages is significant (the value is less than 0.05), the intensity of the relationship is 0.033, and the direct and the positive, as well as the relationship between the activities of the Foundation Housing and sustainable development of the villages are meaningful, (the value of which is less than 0.05), the intensity of the relationship is equal to 0.629, is direct and positive.
Evaluation of tourism climate conditions at three stations of Noshahr, Ramsar and Rasht using the physiological equivalent temperature and average predicted polling index
Authors: Kakvan Reza , Alijani Bohloul , Saliqeh Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Provinces located on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea are one of the most important northern places in the country that have always attracted a great deal of tourists in different seasons of the year due to their various natural, human and historical attractions. Every year, they welcome different tourists. These beaches, while having attractive features for tourists, can also play a vital role in the sustainable development of the natural scenery and conservation area. One of the steps to reach sustainable development is tourism planning. The first step in this area is to assess the tourism climate in the country. In this study, in order to evaluate the conditions of the northern climate of Iran's climate, the meteorological data of synoptic stations of Noshahr, Ramsar and Rasht have been used in a 30-year statistical period divided into three decades of age. The method used to assess the climate of comfort, the physiological equivalent temperature index, and the predicted mean of the survey. The results of this study show that the highest climatic conditions for spending leisure time and tourism activities in this region are two separate periods in the middle of spring (May and June) and the beginning of the fall season (October). The continuation of average heat stress from July to August and cold stress from different periods from November to the end of the winter season is a factor for tourism constraints during these months. For other months, they have relatively good weather conditions in terms of temperature and humidity in a little warm and slightly cool thermal condition. Also, changes over the decades indicate climate change and impact on thermal comfort.
Analysis of residual sludge stored in UASB of a WWT in Petrolina-PE-Brazil
Authors: Santos Erick de Aquino , Xavier Keyla Vitória Marques , Paiva Marcella Vianna Cabral , Amorim Miriam Cleide Cavalcante de , Diniz Michely Correia
Published: May 2020

Anaerobic digestion is a process that occurs through microorganisms in an anoxic condition and aims to digest organic matter resulting mainly in biogas. This process is common in wastewater treatment WWTs (Waste Water Treatment), which usually occur in bioreactors. In Brazil the most widespread is the UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor due to its temperature conditions, which found in the country an ideal parameter. Archeas make up the microbiota responsible for digestion acting in the final stage of methanogenesis. The studies of these organisms are mainly through metagenomics, because laboratory cultivation is difficult. Therefore, the research aimed to study the physical and molecular parameters of the sludge. Four UASB reactors from WWT Center in Petrolina – Pernambuco- Brazil were evaluated. For the DNA extraction process the adapted protocol was applied, the physical analysis of the solids obeyed the determinations of APHA (2005). DNA extraction was achieved with the modified protocol and demonstrated a high concentration of DNA present in the samples, being the 4 most abundant reactor. Physical quantifications of the solids analysis showed that the values found are in compliance with current standards.
Valoração econômica do Parque Nacional de Brasília
Authors: Angelo Humberto , Almeida Alexandre Nascimento de , Vasconcelos Pedro Guilherme de Andrade , Gaspar Ricardo De Oliveira , Paula Maristela Franchetti de , Matricardi Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli
Published: May 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a disposição da população de pagar pela manutenção e conservação do Parque Nacional de Brasília - PNB, valorando os seus atributos ambientais e contribuindo para a melhoria e preservação da referida Unidade de Conservação. Para tanto, 385 questionários foram aplicados durante fevereiro, março e abril de 2014. A disposição a pagar e o perfil dos entrevistados foi analisado com uma regressão logística. A disposição de pagar estimada foi de R$ 9,31/mês, paga principalmente pelas pessoas que conhecem o PNB e com melhor situação econômica. Isso mostra que a população de interesse revelou um desejo significativo de contribuir para o parque.
Mechanisms of competitive selection: A canonical neural circuit framework
Authors: Mysore Shreesh P , Kothari Ninad B
Published: May 2020

Competitive selection, the transformation of multiple competing sensory inputs and internal states into a unitary choice, is a fundamental component of animal behavior. Selection behaviors have been studied under several intersecting umbrellas including decision-making, action selection, perceptual categorization, and attentional selection. Neural correlates of these behaviors and computational models have been investigated extensively. However, specific, identifiable neural circuit mechanisms underlying the implementation of selection remain elusive. Here, we employ a first principles approach to map competitive selection explicitly onto neural circuit elements. We decompose selection into six computational primitives, identify demands that their execution places on neural circuit design, and propose a canonical neural circuit framework. The resulting framework has several links to neural literature, indicating its biological feasibility, and has several common elements with prominent computational models, suggesting its generality. We propose that this framework can help catalyze experimental discovery of the neural circuit underpinnings of competitive selection.
Slightly beneficial genes are retained by bacteria evolving DNA uptake despite selfish elements
Authors: van Dijk Bram , Hogeweg Paulien , Doekes Hilje M , Takeuchi Nobuto
Published: May 2020

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and gene loss result in rapid changes in the gene content of bacteria. While HGT aids bacteria to adapt to new environments, it also carries risks such as selfish genetic elements (SGEs). Here, we use modelling to study how HGT of slightly beneficial genes impacts growth rates of bacterial populations, and if bacterial collectives can evolve to take up DNA despite selfish elements. We find four classes of slightly beneficial genes: indispensable, enrichable, rescuable, and unrescuable genes. Rescuable genes — genes with small fitness benefits that are lost from the population without HGT — can be collectively retained by a community that engages in costly HGT. While this ‘gene-sharing’ cannot evolve in well-mixed cultures, it does evolve in a spatial population like a biofilm. Despite enabling infection by harmful SGEs, the uptake of foreign DNA is evolutionarily maintained by the hosts, explaining the coexistence of bacteria and SGEs.
High expression of stromal signatures correlated with macrophage infiltration, angiogenesis and poor prognosis in glioma microenvironment
Authors: Tian Yixin , Ke Yiquan , Ma Yanxia
Published: May 2020

Glioma is one of the most fatal tumors in central nervous system. Previous studies gradually revealed the association between tumor microenvironment and the prognosis of gliomas patients. However, the correlation between tumor-infiltrating immune cell and stromal signatures are unknown. In our study, we obtained gliomas samples from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The landscape of tumor infiltrating immune cell subtypes in gliomas was calculated by CIBERSORT. As a result, we found high infiltration of macrophages was correlated with poor outcome (P < 0.05). Then functional enrichment analysis of high/low macrophage-infiltrating groups was performed by GSEA. The results showed three gene sets includes 102 core genes about angiogenesis were detected in high macrophage-infiltrating group. Next, we constructed PPI network and analyzed prognostic value of 102 core genes. We found that five stromal signatures indicated poor prognosis which including HSPG2, FOXF1, KDR, COL3A1, SRPX2 (P < 0.05). Five stromal signatures were adopted to construct a classifier. The classifier showed powerful predictive ability (AUC = 0.748). Patients with a high risk score showed poor survival. Finally, we validated this classifier in TCGA and the result was consistent with CGGA. Our investigation of tumor microenvironment in gliomas may stimulate the new strategy in immunotherapy. Five stromal signature correlated with poor prognosis also provide a strong predator of gliomas patient outcome.
The effect of landscape on functional connectivity and shell shape in the land snailHumboldtiana durangoensis
Authors: López Benjamín , Mejía Omar , Zúñiga Gerardo
Published: May 2020

The populations ofHumboldtiana durangoensishave experienced a drastic reduction in the effective population size; in addition, the species is threatened by anthropogenic activities. For the aforementioned, landscape genetics will serve as a tool to define the potential evolutionarily significant units (ESU) for this species. To complete our objective, we evaluated the effect of cover vegetation and climate on the functional connectivity of the species from the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the present as well as the effect of climate on shell shape. Partial Mantel tests, distance-based redundance analysis and a Bayesian framework were used to evaluate connectivity. On the other hand, geometric morphometrics, phylogenetic principal component analysis and redundancy analysis were used for the analysis of shell shape. Our results suggest that the suitable areas have been decreasing since the LGM; also, vegetation cover rather than climate has influenced the genetic connectivity among land snail populations, although temperature had a high influence on shell shape in this species. In conclusion, vegetation cover was the main factor that determined the functional connectivity for the land snail; however, local selective pressures led to different phenotypes in shell shape that allowed us to postulate that each one of the previously defined genetic groups must be considered as a different ESU.
Enhancement of specific T-lymphocyte responses by monocyte-derived dendritic cells pulsed with E2 protein of human papillomavirus 16 and human p16INK4A
Authors: Sunthamala Nuchsupha , Sankla Neeranuch , Chuerduangphui Jureeporn , Swangphon Piyawut , Boontun Wanchareeporn , Ngaochaiyaphum Supakpong , Wongjampa Weerayut , Ekalaksananan Tipaya , Pientong Chamsai
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Prophylactic vaccines are already available for prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, we still await development of therapeutic vaccines with high efficiency for stimulating specific T lymphocytes to clear HPV infection.

Objective

This study investigates the potential for subunits of human p16INK4a protein and E2 protein of HPV16 to stimulate dendritic cells and enhance the specific response of T lymphocytes against HPV-infected cells.

Methodology

Immunogenic epitopes of HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a proteins were predicted through the common HLA class I and II alleles present in the Thai population. Then, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDCs) were pulsed with HPV16 E2 and/or p16INK4a protein s and their maturity assessed. MDCs pulsed with either or both of these proteins at optimal concentrations were used for activation of autologous T lymphocytes and IFN-γ production was measured for specific response function.

Results

HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a proteins contain various immunogenic epitopes which can be presented by antigen-presenting cells via both HLA class I and II molecules. The stimulation of MDCs with either HPV16 E2 or p16INK4a proteins increased percentages and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD83+ MDCs in a dose-dependent manner. An optimum concentration of 250 ng/mL and 150 ng/mL of HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a proteins, respectively, stimulated MDCs via the MAPK pathway (confirmed by use of MAPK inhibitors). T lymphocytes could be activated by MDCs pulsed with these proteins, leading to high percentages of both CD4+ IFN-γ+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ IFN-γ+ T lymphocytes. The production of IFN-γ was higher in co-cultures containing MDCs pulsed with HPV16 E2 protein than those pulsed with p16INK4a. Interestingly, MDCs pulsed with a combination of HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a significantly increased IFN-γ production of T lymphocytes. The IFN-γ production was inhibited by both HLA class I and II blockade, particularly in co-cultures with MDCs pulsed with a combination of HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a.

Conclusions

This suggests that MDCs pulsed with both proteins enhances specific response of both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. This study might provide a strategy for further in vivo study of stimulation of T lymphocytes for therapy of HPV-associated cancer.
Prospects and Constraints of Transplanted Maize, Wheat, Sorghum and Pearl Millet: A Review
Authors: Biswas Saikat
Published: May 2020

Cereal crops such as maize, wheat, sorghum and pearl millet are important for human consumption due to their nutritional benefits. These cereals play pivotal roles to meet world’s food demand. However, maintenance of food security particularly in the circumstance of changing climate, constantly urges for modification of agro-techniques and one such modification is the incorporation of transplanting technique in these cereals as an alternative under a non-practicable situation of direct sowing. Transplanting is a method of transferring seedlings grown in nursery or others to the field. It has been already found to shorten the crop duration and improve germination, plant stand, seed and seedling quality parameters, growth, yield and economic profitability of these cereals. Besides, research findings are also available stating that transplanting helps these cereals to cope up with vagaries of weather and to exhibit greater radiation and water use efficiencies and suppression of weeds. Outcomes of transplanting are however dependent on various factors like methods of nursery raising, the variety used, mode of planting, age of seedlings etc. In spite of these prospects, transplanting technique is not so popular in these cereals due to poor dissemination, discouraging research findings, pest and disease problems, lack of suitable package of practices etc. Therefore, focuses are to be given in conducting more and more research trials to confirm its location and situation wise efficacy and also in developing and disseminating a suitable package of practices of transplanting accordingly.
Warehouse Relayout Design with Weighted Distance Method to Minimize Time Travel
Authors: Firmansyah Adi , Lukmandono Lukmandono
Published: May 2020

Global competition between companies is becoming increasingly stringent, resulting in companies having to understand their customers better. Customers no longer only need quality products, but also need excellent and timely service. To meet the desires of these consumers, the company must create an effective and efficient work system. PT IJS is a warehouse engaged in logistics services in the Perak area of Surabaya. One of the services provided by PT IJS is bonded warehouse logistic services. A bounded warehouse owned is currently not able to provide maximum service because there are still many late deliveries that do not send goods to the port, and there is a closing time that is detrimental to the customer. The length of the delivery process is due to several factors, one of which is a less effective warehouse layout. Travel time is the time required for a vehicle to carry out activities loading goods PT. IJS from arrival to exit the warehouse. The method weighted distance is a mathematical model used to evaluate the layout based on proximity factors. The design of the layout design by using the technique weighted distance produces an alternative layout that shows calculation travel time a shorter
Action du dibutyryl 3′,5′‐AMP cyclique et de l'insuline sur la synthese des acides gras dans les differentes fractions cellulaires de foie in vivo
Authors: Rous S. , Burlet M.J. , November S.
Published: July 2002

3′,5′‐Cyclic AMP inhibits fatty acid synthesis in mitochondria, microsomes and supernatant but does not provoke an enrichment in 3H with regard to 14C as it occurs during fasting after glucose 6‐3H or 6‐14C administration. Insulin does not exert any action on “controls” but restores lipogenesis in fasted animals in the examinated fractions and normalises the 3H/14C ratio, even that of microsomes. Control of neoglucogenesis by this hormone is more likely than by 3′,5′‐cyclic AMP.
Differences de specificite entre les methylases de myelome et de foie vis‐a‐vis du tRNA d'E. coli K 12
Authors: Nau F. , Petrissant G. , Dubert J.M.
Published: July 2002

This paper describes an attempt to find a difference between the patterns of methylation of E. coli tRNA by extracts of two mouse tissues. Two samples of tRNAs, methylated in two separate experiments with extracts of myeloma and of liver in presence of either 14C or 3H S‐Adenosyl‐L‐Methionine, were pooled and fractionated together on a RPC column. The results show a difference in the specificities of the two extracts. Chromatography on DEAE Sephadex suggests that the tRNA Met is methylated by the enzymes on the myeloma, while enzymes from liver react very little, if at all, with that particular tRNA species. Studies have been undertaken in order to find out whether similar differences can also be demonstrated in homologous systems.
Fraktionierung handelsüblichen Insulins (IV) Gewinnung hochgereinigten Insulins mit Hilfe der Polyacrylamid‐disc‐elektrophorese und Ermittlung seiner hypoglykämischen Aktivität
Authors: Zühlke H. , Lippmann H.G. , Wilke W. , Menzel Ruth , Hildmann Rosemarie
Published: July 2002

From proinsulin‐free insulin we obtained maximal purified insulin by means of preparative polyacrylamide electrophoresis (PADE). This substance appears in the analytical PADE as a uniform band and possesses glycine and phenylalanine as N‐terminal amino acids. By use of the eviscerated rabbit as testing model, the product displays a higher hypoglycemic activity as compared with the Toronto standard.
Presence of a non‐sulphated glucosaminoglycan in embryonic cornea
Authors: Praus R. , Brettschneider I.
Published: July 2002

An analtical evidence has been obtained for the presence of a non‐sulphated glucosaminoglycan in the young embryonic White Leghorn chicken cornea, consisting of nearly equimolar amounts of glucosamine and glucuronic acid. The polysaccharide is supposed to be identical with hyaluronic acid.
Ty1 extrachromosomal circular copies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ballario Paola , Filetici Patrizia , Junakovic Nikolaj , Pedone Francesco
Published: July 2002

The eukaryotic transposable element Ty1 is present in about 20–30 integrated copies per yeast aploid genome, variably localized in different strains. Here, we report the presence in yeast of circular extrachromosomal molecules homologous to Ty1, 6 kilobases in size (the same as integrated copies) present in about 1 circular copy/250–300 cells. This finding shows another analogy between eurkaryotic‐transposable elements and the pro‐viral integrative form of retroviruses.
Mechanism of glucagon activation of adenylate cyclase in the presence of Mn2+
Authors: Houslay Miles D. , Heyworth Clare M. , Whetton Anthony D.
Published: July 2002

For a variety of ligand states, adenylate cyclase activity in the presence of Mn2+ was greater than with Mg2+. Trypsin treatment of intact hepatocytes, under conditions which destroy cell surface glucagon receptors, led to a first order loss of glucagon‐stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in isolated membranes assayed in the presence of Mn2+ whether or not GTP (100 μM) was present in the assays. Arrhenius plots of basal activity exhibited a break at around 22°C, those with NaF were linear and those with glucagon ± GTP (100 μM) were biphasic with a break at around 28°C. It is suggested that Mn2+ perturbs the coupling interaction between the glucagon receptor and catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase at the level of the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. This appears to take the form of Mn2+ preventing GTP from initiating glucagon's activation of adenylate cyclase through a collision coupling mechanism.
Proteolysis of Acinetobacter citrate synthase by subtilisin
Authors: Mitchell Colin G. , Weitzman P.D.J.
Published: July 2002

Citrate synthase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was subjected to proteolysis with subtilisin. Although the enzyme proved relatively resistant to inactivation by this treatment, SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis clearly revealed breakdown of the citrate synthase to smaller fragments. The regulatory responses of the native enzyme to inhibition by NADH and re‐activation by AMP were retained on proteolysis, indicating that the fragments bind tightly to each other and preserve the overall cooperative molecular interactions.
An overlapping site model for the lipid annulae of membrane proteins
Authors: Lee A.G.
Published: July 2002

A model is presented for the binding of phospholipids and related molecules to membrane proteins, based on a fixed number of binding sites for fatty acyl chains. It is shown that in such a model, statistical factors favour binding of single chain molecules such as fatty acids when present at low concentrations in mixtures with phospholipids
Structure subtraction as an approach to investigation of the mechanism of restriction enzyme action
Authors: Zinoviev V.V. , Gorbunov J.A. , Baclanov M.M. , Popov S.G. , Malygin E.G.
Published: July 2002

Endonuclease BamHI cleaves the phosphodiester bonds between the guanine residues within the duplex DNA sequence G↓GATCC. The substrate characteristics of oligonucleotides, containing some defects in the sequence recognized by endonuclease (nick, absence of some internucleotide phosphate or nucleotide, partially single‐stranded form of the recognition site) were investigated. The results suggest that the specificity of synthetic oligonucleotide cleavage is strongly dependent on the ribosophosphate backbone intactness inside the recognition site. BamHI was found not to hydrolyse the phosphodiester bonds outside the double helix. Also BamHI forms a productive complex with the non‐symmetrical substrate, having half the recognition sites, of a single strand.
Stereochemistry of an α,β‐elimination reaction by D‐glucosaminate dehydratase
Authors: Iwamoto Ryoko , Imanaga Yujiro , Sawada Seiji , Soda Kenji
Published: July 2002

The proton NMR analysis of D‐glucosaminate dehydratase reaction in D2O revealed the incorporation of a deuterium atom at C‐3 carbon of the product, 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐D‐gluconate. Based on the chemical shift of C‐3 proton of the product and the coupling constant characteristic for the C‐3 and C‐4 axial‐axial coupling in the 2C5 pyranose conformation, the deuterium is in the pro‐S position. Thus, the dehydration of D‐glucosaminate by the enzyme proceeds in a retention mode at C‐3 carbon. Kinetic parameters show that the rate‐determining step is the abstraction of α‐proton from the substrate.
Human liver RNA‐programmed in vitro synthesis of a polypeptide related to human apolipoprotein B
Authors: Olofsson Sven-Olof , Elias Per , Boström Kristina , Lundholm Kent , Norfeldt Per-Ingvar , Wiklund Olov , Fager Gunnar , Bondjers Göran
Published: July 2002

In an in vitro synthesizing system programmed with RNA from human liver a polypeptide with an estimated M
r of 80000 (80 kDa)±1400 (mean±SD, n=5) was synthesized. This polypeptide could be precipitated with antiserum to a narrow density cut of LDL (d=1.030‐1.055) or antiserum against the high‐M
r form of apoB (apoB 100 [4]). The synthesized protein is immunologically related to a 75 kDa protein isolated from LDL. We suggest that the 80 kDa protein represents a primary translation product of apoB synthesized in human liver.
Titration of the binding sites for the oligomycin‐sensitivity conferring protein in beef heart submitochondrial particles
Authors: Dupuis Alain , Satre Michel , Vignais Pierre V.
Published: July 2002

The binding parameters of the oligomycin‐sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP) in inside‐out particles from beef heart mitochondria have been tested by means of two assays, the oligomycin‐sensitive ATP—Pi exchange, and the oligomycin‐sensitive ATP hydrolysis. The total number of OSCP binding sites in A particles was equal to 220 pmol/mg particle protein. Each mole of ATPase active site was able to bind 1.1±0.5 mol OSCP with K
d 1.7 nM.
Characterization of a cDNA clone for a rare mRNA modulated by ovariectomy in mammary carcinomas
Authors: Nakhasi Hira L. , Daruwalla Katie
Published: July 2002

A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone (p13) for a rare mRNA was isolated from a cDNA library generated from total polyA+ RNA of 14‐day lactating rat mammary gland. In vitro translation of the positively selected mRNA from p13 cDNA revealed on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS—PAGE) a polypeptide of 24 kDa. The p13 cDNA clone hybridized on northern blots predominantly to ∼1100 base size RNA and weakly to ∼3800 base size RNA from lactating mammary gland. It hybridized only to ∼3800 base size RNA from rat liver. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA showed differences in gene organization in mammary gland and liver. The mRNA level for the 24 kDa polypeptide was higher in 7–12 DMBA‐induced tumor and lower in the MTW9 carcinoma as compared to lactating mammary gland. After ovariectomy, the mRNA level in mid pregnant gland increased but was reduced in the 7–12 DMBA tumors.