bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Insects and Pests in Agriculture field using MobileNet
Authors: Deshmukh Gayatri
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The Indian economy heavily relies on agriculture, with high-quality crop production playing a pivotal role. However, frequent pest attacks pose significant threats by reducing crop yields and compromising food safety through nutrient depletion. This adversely impacts the economy, leading to substantial losses for farmers and risking lives. Timely monitoring of crops is imperative to combat pests effectively, necessitating the use of appropriate pesticides. Pest detection technologies can aid in early intervention, preventing crop damage and pesticide overuse. Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a crucial tool in addressing agricultural challenges. This research focuses on utilizing the MobileNetV2 algorithm for pest classification, leveraging image reshaping and feature extraction techniques. Results indicate MobileNetV2 outperforms other pre-trained models, achieving a higher accuracy of 0.95. By enhancing pest detection capabilities, AI-based technologies offer promising solutions to bolster agricultural production and mitigate economic losses.
AI-Powered Defense Against Phishing Threats for Enterprises
Authors: Sumathi Mrs. P.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In the landscape of cybersecurity, the relentless onslaughtof phishing attacks poses a persistent and multifaceted threat, exploiting vulnerabilities in human cognition to perpetrate crimes ranging from identity theft to financial fraud and data breaches. In response to this evolving menace, we present an innovative and robust Phishing Website Detection System that leverages cutting-edge machine learning techniques to fortify the digital defenses of individuals and organizations alike. Our system represents a culmination of research and development efforts aimed at creating a comprehensive solution capable of effectively identifying and thwarting phishing attempts across diverse online platforms. By integrating a multitude of features spanning URL structure analysis, content-based attributes, SSL certificate characteristics, and user interaction patterns, our system adopts a multifaceted approach to phishing detection, enabling it to discern between legitimate and malicious websites with unparalleled accuracy.
Detection of Leukemia Disease Using Image Processing and Machine Learning
Authors: Nagamani V. V. , Sai Sirigiri Lakshman , Pavan Puram , Sai Chilukuru Venkata
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This paper presents a project that addresses Detection Of Leukemia Disease Using Image Processing and Machine Learning. This research proposes an approach that combines image processing techniques with machine learning algorithms to detect leukemia in microscopic blood smear images at a stage. The proposed method involves enhancing the images through preprocessing identifying the regions of interest through segmentation and extracting features using image processing algorithms. Afterward a machine learning model trained on a dataset of annotated images is employed to classify the samples as either positive or negative, for leukemia. The effectiveness of this approach is evaluated using metrics like accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Experimental results show promising outcomes in detecting leukemia which could serve as a tool for healthcare professionals, in early diagnosis and treatment planning. By integrating this framework into practice it has the potential to improve efficiency and accuracy in diagnosing leukemia while ultimately leading to patient outcomes and enhanced healthcare management.
Speech to Text Transcription
Authors: Ramacharla Sai Teja
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This paper aims to enhance speech recognition and audio processing, converting spoken sentences into text and taking input from various input sources like microphones, audio, and video files. Notably, it offers robust audio conversion capabilities, supporting MP3 to WAV and other formats. To enhance the scalability and user experience, the system is implemented as a Flask-powered web application, providing users with a seamless interface accessible through a Flask-powered web browser serves to facilitate intuitive and user-friendly communication, making the application versatile, different users -and adaptable to features here the first. This comprehensive design meets the needs of users looking for efficient speech recognition and audio processing solutions, especially for web-based applications
PlantGuard: Leaf Disease Detecting and Suggests Remedy using Machine Learning
Authors: Karale Shrutika D.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Plantguard is a leader in the fusion of artificial intelligence and agriculture, with a primary focus on transforming cropmanagement via sophisticated leaf disease detection. The initiative provides quick and reliable plant disease identification from leaf photos by utilizing cutting-edge computer vision and machine learning algorithms, giving farmers the ability to take prompt action. Plantguard is dedicated to creating user-friendly interfaces that will allow precision agriculture to be smoothly incorporatedinto conventional agricultural methods. This will promote sustainable production, boost farmer productivity, and raise their financial stability. This novel strategy represents a significant step toward a future for global agriculture that is both resilient and more technologically advanced. Convolution neural network (CNN), transfer learning, deep learning, image processing, data augmentation, and agricultural applications are some of the index terms
Exposing Fake Faces Through Deep Neural Networks Combining Content and Trace Feature Extractors
Authors: P Keerthi.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In recent times, the proliferation of free deep learning-based software has facilitated the emergence of convincing facial swaps in videos, commonly referred to as ‘DeepFake’ (DF) videos. ‘Deep learning’ has improved the realism and accessibility of creating fake digital video content, which was previously attainable through traditional visual effects. These AIgenerated media, often referred to as DF, present a dual challenge: their creation is relatively straightforward using AI tools, yet their detection poses a significant hurdle. We address this challenge by employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and ‘Recurrent Neural Networks’ (RNNs) to identify ‘DFs’. Specifically, our system utilizes a CNN to obtain frame level characteristics and apply them to train an RNN capable of identifying temporal inconsistencies introduced by DF creation tools. We evaluate our approach on a substantial dataset of fake videos and demonstrate competitive performance with a straightforward architecture.
Efficient Helmet and Number Plate Detection using YOLOv3: A Road Safety Perspective
Authors: Paul Kaushik
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Object recognition is an important aspect of machine learning and CV tasks, in addition to many real-world uses, including traffic welfare. In this work, we provide a YOLOv3-based trained model for number plate and helmet recognition in photos. Pre-processing the data improved its quality and diversity. We gathered a dataset of annotated photos of helmets and licence plates. We trained our model with a multi-phase program for learning rates using the dataset, then we assessed its efficacy on an independent test collection set. Additionally, we examined its advantages along with disadvantages of the methodology we used also spoken about potential developments that can be done in coming times to raise the model's precision and effectiveness. Our study advances the development of realistic, efficient, along systems for detecting objects that increase traffic welfare.
CryptoCard: Blockchain-Powered Library Card Management System
Authors: V L Manoj
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Institutions such as libraries often face challenges in managing and verifying the authenticity of issued library cards. Traditional methods of card issuance and verification may be susceptible to fraud and manipulation. To address these challenges, we present a Blockchain-Enabled Library Card Management System. Our system leverages blockchain technology to securely store and manage library card data. Each library card issuance is recorded as a block on the blockchain, ensuring transparency, immutability, and tamper-resistance. Digital signatures generated using the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) are employed to authenticate the integrity of each card. The system allows users to easily issue library cards by providing their personal information and a photo. The generated library card includes user details and a unique identifier, along with a digital signature to validate its authenticity. Additionally, users can verify the validity of library cards by querying the blockchain and verifying the digital signatures. By employing blockchain technology, our system enhances the security and trustworthiness of library card management, reducing the risk of fraud and ensuring the integrity of issued cards. It provides a robust and efficient solution for libraries to manage their card issuance process whilemaintaining data integrity and security.
Student Mental Health Portal Based On DAS Score Using Machine Learning
Authors: Patil Nilam
Published: April 2024

Abstract: DASS-Monk is a solution for educational well-being. It provides an easy-to-use platform for students to evaluate and take care of their emotional health, stress, and anxiety. The programme offers tailored suggestions, such as relaxing music, motivational TED presentations, and focused workouts. Teachers can identify and assist kids who are in need by using a dashboard. By providing a helpful learning environment and combining technology and compassion, DASS-Monk makes the way to well-being simpler
IPL Score Forecaster: Using Machine Learning to Predict First Innings Scores
Authors: Avareddy Sudhakar
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This paper introduces a novel application of linear regression to predict first-innings scores in the Indian Premier League (IPL), aiming to enhance analytical capabilities and strategic planning in IPL cricket. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset of historical match data, including vital factors like venue, team order, overs played, and wickets have fallen, the study utilizes meticulous preprocessing and feature selection techniques. The model undergoes training and evaluation using a split dataset, with performance assessed through metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Successful model training enables predictions for upcoming IPL matches, providing valuable insights for teams to make informed strategic decisions. The findings highlight the efficacy of linear regression in forecasting first innings scores, offering teams a potential competitive advantage in the IPL. Furthermore, the study underscores the critical role of cricket analytics in modern strategic planning, emphasizing the significance of data-driven approaches in cricket management.
A Performance Analysis of CassandraDB and ScyllaDB
Authors: Kumari Sushma , Ganpati Mrs. Anita
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Big Data encompasses vast amounts of data, reaching exabytes or even zettabytes. In the current landscape, large databases play a crucial role, particularly in generating substantial data for daily analyses of social media and multimedia content. The enormity of Big Data poses challenges, given its extensive volume of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data, making traditional database systems and software techniques insufficient. Big Data is frequently defined by its 9 V’s: velocity, variety, volume, veracity, validity, variability, volatility, visualization, and value. This complexity highlights the need for a simple information management strategy that integrates various new data types alongside traditional data. The significance of Big Data databases is emphasized by the daily generation of millions of terabytes of data from sources like social media posts and multimedia. This study aims to evaluate the performance of two Wide-Column Store Big Data database systems, Apache CassandraDB and ScyllaDB, using the CassandraStress Benchmarking Tool. Key metrics such as total operation time, operation rate, partition rate, row rate, and maximum latency will be assessed as the number of records and operations increase. The development of these databases, motivated by diverse industry requirements, emphasizes their adaptation to specific needs. The research methodology outlines the tool used to compare these WideColumn Store databases on various parameters, contributing valuable insights into their performance in real-world scenarios
Changes in segregation patterns in medium-sized cities in the state of São Paulo between 2000 and 2010
Authors: Araujo Agnes Silva , Barros Joana , Saraiva Marcus Vinícius Pereira
Published: April 2024

Brazil underwent political and economic changes that led to a reduction in social inequalities between 2000 and 2010. Studies indicated that during the same period, there was an increase in the level of residential segregation in metropolitan spaces, as opposed to a reduction accompanying the inequalities. This paper contributes to this body of studies, by analyzing residential segregation in medium-sized cities, quantitatively and spatially, during the period between 2000 and 2010. The study aims to quantify the degree of segregation in five medium-sized cities in the state of São Paulo and analyze the evolution of their spatial patterns, via a comparative perspective. The measurement of segregation, using global and local spatial indices, has indicated an increase in residential segregation similar to those identified by studies for metropolitan areas, in which the highest and lowest income groups are markedly the most segregated. However, this was not the case for all cities, an unchanged degree and pattern of segregation were also identified during the same period in one of the cities. These results are discussed within the context of the urban changes that have taken place in medium-sized cities, such as the valorization of real estate in specific sectors of the cities, amidst the continued process of peripheralization of the low-income population.
HIV-infection in the Russian Federation: current diagnostic trends
Authors: Adgamov R. R. , Antonova A. A. , Ogarkova D. A. , Kuznetsova A. I. , Pochtovyi A. A. , Kleymenov D. A. , Kuznetsova N. A. , Siniavin A. E. , Kaminskiy G. D. , Tsyganova E. V. , Gushchin V. A. , Gintsburg A. L. , Mazus A. I.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study: to analyse diagnostic trends of HIV-infection in the Russian Federation in the period 2017–2022.

 Materials and methods. The study used data obtained from reports from the Federal Register of persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (FRHIV). The circumstances in HIV diagnosis and clinical and epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed patients, including CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, were analysed. A likely time window between presumed infection and confirmation of HIV diagnosis was also determined. Categorical data evaluated in the study were presented as proportions and caparisoned using the chi-square test (χ2). In case of multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction for multiplicity was used. Quantitative data were tested for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion. In most cases, nonparametric characteristics of distributions — median and interquartile range — were applied, as well as the Mann-Whitney criteria for comparison of two independent groups and the Kraskell-Wallis criteria for comparison more than two groups, followed by pair wise comparisons using the Mann-Whitney criterion with Bonferroni multiplicity correction. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data analysis and graphical visualization was performed using the statistical software R version 4.1.1 and its libraries.

Results and discussion. The results showed an increase in HIV detection through voluntary testing, preventive medical examination, and clinical indications. The proportion of injecting drug users (IDUs) decreased over time, while the involvement of women in the epidemic process and heterosexual transmission increased. Additionally, there was an increase in the proportion of patients aged 35 years and older. The analysis of CD4-cell counts revealed significant differences among gender and age subgroups. Women had higher absolute CD4-lymphocyte counts throughout the follow-up period. Patients aged 0–14 years had the highest proportion of CD4-lymphocytes over 500 cells/μL, while patients over 50 years old had the highest proportion of CD4-lymphocytes less than 200 cells/μL. Men who have sex with men and people infected through mother-to-child transmission had the highest mean baseline CD4-cell counts. IDUs and heterosexuals had a statistically significant decrease in CD4-cell counts over the follow-up period and also had the longest median time from infection to disease detection — 24 and 20 months, respectively.

Conclusion: Thus, this study helps identify the most significant risk groups of HIV-infected individuals in Russia at present.
The main directions of prevention of occupational infection viral hepatitis with a contact transmission mechanism in hospitals in Saint-Petersburg
Authors: Daryina M. G. , Zahvatova A. S. , Sarana A. M. , Vasiliev K. D. , Ivanova T. G. , Molchanovskaya M. A. , Kolosovskaya E. N. , Belova L. V.
Published: April 2024

The high level of hepatitis B and C infection in the modern period in the general population increases the frequency of contact of hospital specialists with patients with this infectious pathology. A significant concentration of infection sources in medical organizations and violations in the implementation of disinfection and sterilization algorithms and requirements for hand hygiene of medical workers create conditions for the nosocomial spread of viral hepatitis pathogens with a contact transmission echanism.

The aim. Substantiation of the main directions of prevention of occupational infection viral hepatitis with a contact transmission mechanism in hospitals of Saint Petersburg.

Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the annual reports of Saint-Petersburg hospitals was carried out, which contain information on the number of new cases chronic forms of viral hepatitis among specialists of medical organizations and on the number personnel under dispensary supervision for these infectious diseases, as well as on the number of injuries received by hospital staff while performing functional duties, as well as vaccination coverage against viral hepatitis B, measles and diphtheria for the period from 2009 to 2022. The assessment of the equipment of megapolis healthcare institutions modern washing-disinfecting and sterilization equipment was also carried out.

Results and discussion. The realization of the possibility of infecting hospital specialists viral hepatitis with a contact transmission mechanism is predetermined by the high concentration of patients with this pathology in healthcare institutions; the presence of occupational injuries during the implementation of medical and diagnostic procedures and disinfection and sterilization measures.

Conclusion. A set of measures for early detection of sources of infections with a contact transmission mechanism among patients and staff; disinfection of medical devices using modern disinfection and sterilization equipment; revaccination against hepatitis B and equipping workplaces of specialists with personal protective equipment in full remains relevant for the prevention of occupational infection of medical workers.
Materials of the conference of young scientists and specialists «NEWS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY-2023», December 21, 2023
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: April 2024

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Vale do São José: lugares, pesquisas e perspectivas - Volume 1
Authors: Vieira Alexandre Gomes Teixeira , Chaves Ana Maria Severo , Oliveira Emanuel da Silva , Rocha Sebastião Alves da
Published: April 2024

Este livro reúne estudos realizado por integrantes do grupo de pesquisa e associação Vale do São José. O Grupo tem sua centralidade nas áreas rurais dos municípios inseridos na bacia hidrográfica do riacho São José, Caetés, Paranatama, Pedra e Venturosa, mas não ficando restrito a esses espaços sendo interdisciplinar e multi-institucional. Os 17 capítulos presentes nesta obra trazem os principais temas de pesquisa no âmbito das ciências humanas numa perspectiva interdisciplinar realizando conexões entre as áreas da Antropologia, Ciências da Linguagem, Educação, Geografia e História, além de outras interlocuções possíveis. Esse livro é o primeiro volume de uma empreitada de mais de dez anos de ensino, pesquisa, extensão, arte e agroecologia no semiárido brasileiro; “Cultura, História e Lugares” são os temas abordados nos capítulos que tratam da Literatura de Cordel a história dos “Letreiros Pintados pelos Encantados”. O mote que dá título para esta produção “lugares, pesquisas e perspectivas” é justamente o argumento que da forma para nossa produção intelectual.
SISTEM PENGEMBALIAN OBJEK TANAH SITAAN PADA PENGADILAN NEGERI KOTA BANDA ACEH: SUATU KAJIAN HAK AL-MILKIYAH DALAM FIQH MUAMALAH
Authors: Cut Yustianiansyah  , Jihad Azka Amalia
Published: April 2024

This article aims to examine the system of returning confiscated objects at the Banda Aceh city district court according to the perspective of Al-Milkiyah Rights in Muamalah Jurisprudence. The approach taken by the author is juridical-empirical research. The main data is obtained from interviews with the parties, and a number of applicable laws and regulations, while secondary data is obtained from the results of research related to this research. The results showed that the system for returning confiscated objects was carried out based on the provisions of the SOP. In the decision of the Banda Aceh District Court No.64/Pdt.G/2020/PN Bna, the decision of the Banda Aceh High Court No. 72/PDT/2021/PT BNA, the decision of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia No. 4173 K/Pdt/2022 regarding unlawful acts, namely the Defendant occupying and obstructing the plaintiff to take control of the disputed land that he had obtained from the winning auction No. 533/01/2020, and the execution respondent did not voluntarily vacate the land, then the granting of the request for execution will be executed by force with the execution agency. The judge ordered the Registrar of the Banda Aceh District Court and bailiffs accompanied by two witnesses to carry out execution against the land in order to ensure law enforcement by handing over the object of the land plot to the applicant for execution by order of the judge. From this decision, it was decided to carry out the execution of the land to fulfill the decision that has permanent legal force. The land object in dispute must be returned based on an inkrah court decision for certainty of law enforcement.
PENYELESAIAN PIUTANG AKAD MURABAHAH MENURUT FATWA DSN NOMOR 47 TAHUN 2005: STUDI PADA BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA KCP LHOKNGA ACEH BESAR
Authors: Ghina Putri Raihan  , Jalil Husni Abdul
Published: April 2024

This article aims to analyze the practice of settling murabaha receivables at BSI KCP Lhoknga with a study of Fatwa DSN-NO 47 of 2005. The fatwa provides guidance on sharia principles that must be adhered to in the settlement of murabaha receivables. The analysis is carried out on banking practices in settling murabaha receivables in community life. The aim is to ensure the development of an Islamic banking system that is free from usury. Because at this time there are still many people who think that Islamic banking and conventional banks are the same. This research is written with a conceptual approach, the type of research conducted in writing this scientific work uses a qualitative form, namely data collection in a scientific setting using scientific methods and conducted by scientifically interested people or researchers. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained from interviews and observations. The results showed that the practice of settling murabahah receivables at BSI KCP Lhoknga seen from the review of DSN-MUI fatwa No. 47 of 2005 discusses the settlement of murabahah receivables for customers who are unable to pay, and the fatwa provides settlement requirements that must be followed as well as the responsibilities of customers and LKS to carry out settlements in accordance with the provisions in the fatwa. Therefore, the settlement practice has complied with the commandments of sharia principles including fairness and transparency in determining the amount of debt that must be paid by the debtor, and the fatwa which also regulates procedures when settling debts in situations of late payment or inability to pay. So, basically this contract is a direct agreement where the desired profit is predetermined. Fatwa DSN-NO 47 of 2005 explains that the settlement must be complied with, such as the object of collateral being sold by the customer at an agreed price and then the customer paying off the remaining forest to the Islamic financial institution (LKS) from the proceeds of the sale.
Social Infrastructure Provision Assessment as a Tool for Implementing Provincial Socio-Economic Policy
Authors: Misko O. N. , Elatskov A. B. , Moskalenko V. N.
Published: April 2024

This article outlines the concept of a tool for the implementation of socio-economic policy and considers the assessment of social infrastructure provision of the population as one of them, namely a systemic feedback tool. The paper discusses the importance of social infrastructure for the socio-economic development of the province and the methods of assessing the provision of the population with it, identifies the main stages of this procedure and its relationship with other key tools, which is presented in the form of a graphical scheme; discusses the main tasks and features of rationing of indicators as a procedure for developing a reference measure of assessment; discusses and systematizes the main approaches to the calculation of socio-infrastructural provision. At the same time, not infrastructure objects, but more fractional units — elements — are taken as calculation units. It is proposed to systematize various calculation methods in the form of a matrix depending on the arguments used.
Analysis of the State of Highways of Regional Importance in the Russian Federation
Authors: Polyanskaya S. V. , Ulzetueva D. D.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyze the regional road network of the Russian Federation, to identify the main factors affecting its condition depending on the federal district. Recently, investments have improved the situation in the field of repair and construction of regional roads, but the condition of regional roads remains unsatisfactory — about half of all regional roads do not meet regulatory requirements. Based on the analysis of the regional road network, it is necessary to make a decision on the investment of a particular road facility. The article examines the relationship between factors such as the percentage of regional highways that do not meet regulatory requirements and the individual rating of the standard of living. The question is also raised about identifying the most problematic places in the regional road network based on mathematical statistics methods, building dependencies of the share of bad regional roads on the length of federal roads, on the road climate zone, on the gross regional product per capita, on population, on the density of the road network and other factors. The main research methods are correlation and regression analysis. As a result of the study, a statistical analysis of the quality of the highway network of regional significance in the federal districts of the Russian Federation for 2007–2022 was carried out, the main patterns and dependencies of the percentage of roads that do not meet regulatory requirements on the density of the road network, gross regional product, and road climate zone were revealed. Conclusions are obtained that at the moment the state of regional highways and the gross regional product are poorly correlated values. On the contrary, the condition of regional roads strongly correlates with the index of quality of life in the region and the length of federal roads. In the first case, there is a strong positive correlation, in the second — a strong negative one.
Energy Supply of Leningrad before the Blockade of the City: Planning Miscalculations and Their Consequences
Authors: Avdanin V. V. , Lushin A. I.
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the main factors and reasons for the decrease in the working capacity of the Leningrad power system before the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, at the same time, it assesses the readiness of city services for the hardest military tests that befell the residents of the city. According to the authors of the publication, the leadership of Leningrad in the late 1930s, due to a number of circumstances, both objective and subjective, could not take adequate organizational and technological measures to expand production and develop the energy infrastructure of the region. As a result, by the beginning of the war, the Leningrad power system was technologically and organizationally insufficiently prepared for a complete or partial blockade of the city.
Analysis of the Influence of Strategic Trends: Methodological Aspect and Application at the Regional Level
Authors: Gerelishin R.  I.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of issues of analysis of strategic trends of various levels and nature in the context of the impact on the socio-economic development of regions. The purpose of the study is to expand the tools for trend analysis, as one of the key stages in developing the concept of a strategy for the socio-economic development of regions in accordance with the strategizing methodology of a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor V. L. Kvint. At the same time, the presented tools are relevant both to regional strategizing in general and can be used in the development of industry and corporate strategies. A hierarchical structure of trends, a scheme for decomposing trends into channels of influence, and proposals for the procedure for assessing their individual and joint influence are presented, for which both econometric modeling and statistical methods, as well as expert assessments, can be used. The application of the presented proposals is demonstrated by the example of decomposition and analysis of global trends, however, a similar algorithm is applicable for national, regional and subregional trends. Based on the results of the analysis, the conclusions were confirmed that trends contain and create multidirectional impulses for the strategized object, capable of both enhancing and neutralizing each other, and therefore they need to be analyzed in detail and taken into account when developing regional strategies to achieve maximum efficiency.
The Legal and Normative Framework of International Activities of Subnational Parliaments: a Case of St. Petersburg Parliament
Authors: Savelchev L.  A.
Published: April 2024

Purpose. The article engages in a comprehensive analysis of the legal and normative foundations of international activities of the Russian sub-state regions with an emphasis on regional parliaments.

Methods. In order to compile the study, the author draws upon a case-oriented research design and engages in two approaches namely comparative and political-legal. The case of the study is St. Petersburg, a Russian region, and its supreme legislative body namely the Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg.

Results. The author has defined the general normative-legal foundations of the international activity of the Russian regions, outlined the general normative-legal foundations of the international activity of the legislative authorities of the Russian regions and analysed the normative-legal foundations of the international activity of the representative authority of the Russian regions and their proportion with the executive branch of power in the case of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg and the system of executive authorities of St. Petersburg. In addition, the author outlined the problems of legal regulation of international activities of Russian regions.

Conclusions. Firstly, in terms of legal basis, the regions of the Russian Federation have a limited range of freedom in the sphere of international relations, consisting in the maintenance of cultural and economic ties, and the international activity of the regions itself is under the control of the federal authorities. Secondly, the federal legislation of Russia contains legal uncertainties regarding the interpretation of concepts and the definition of specific mechanisms and forms of international activities of the regions. Thirdly, federal legislation, while not defining the clear competences of regional parliaments, provides the Russian regions to independently determine the specific powers of their authorities within the framework of federal and regional legislation. Fourthly, the competences of international activities of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg are limited to the status-value, normative-recommendary and advisory-expert nature. Fifthly, the structure of the powers of public authorities in St. Petersburg shows a prevalence in the powers of international activities between the legislative and executive authorities in favour of the second one
State Migration Policy: Determining Criteria of Effectiveness in the Recipient State
Authors: Burda M. A.
Published: April 2024

A significant increase of migration flows directed to the Russian Federation from the PostSoviet states makes it possible to consider the modern Russian Federation as one of the main centers of migration attraction in the world, namely, the recipient state of external migration. Migration policy of the recipient state has certain features, which is due to the need to differentiate external migration into demanded and undesirable, to ensure a balance between the interests of government and society, to combine aspects of national security of the state and the personality with an economic and demographic approach to migration. Currently, there are several methods for determining the effectiveness of state migration policy developed by various international organizations, but these methods are focused on developing countries, which, as a rule, are the donor states of migration, or consider the effectiveness of individual components. For example, socio-cultural adaptation and integration of migrants into the host society. In this regard, the need to create new approaches of evaluation the set of measures realized by the state in the field of external migration in the context of the recipient state itself is actualized. Effective migration policy of the recipient state combines approaches that ensure the protection of national interests, the security of the state, society and the personality. It closes addressable the temporary needs of the national labor market, which makes it possible to formulate a number of objective criteria for its evaluation.
Arte y Autismo
Authors: Antonio Puertas-Banegas
Published: April 2024

¿Existe un arte autista diferencial?
A través de esta pregunta de investigación nos adentramos en un trabajo de investigación polifacético que hace especial hincapié en la fenomenología. Como suelo decir, "conocimiento sentido y leído". Esta investigación es un autodenominado "laboratorio espectral" no finalista. Esto quiere decir que no buscamos un final (una obra), sino que del proceso se generan objetos y prácticas, preguntas y respuestas.
Research progress in Fc-effector functions against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Gao Rongyuan , Feng Chenchen , Sheng Zizhang , Li Feng , Wang Dan
Published: April 2024

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused more than 676 million cases in the global
human population with approximately 7 million deaths and vaccination has
been proved as the most effective countermeasure in reducing clinical
complications and deaths of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the
protective elements induced by vaccine are still not completely
understood. Various antibodies with multiple protective mechanisms can
be induced simultaneously by vaccination in vivo, thereby
complicating the identification and characterization of each protective
components. Recently, an increasing body of observations suggests that
antibody-induced Fc-effector functions play a crucial role in combating
SARS-CoV-2 infections, including neutralizing antibodies-escaping
variants. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding the
impact of Fc-effector functions in broadly disarming SARS-CoV-2
infectivity and discuss various efforts in harnessing this conserved
antibody function to develop an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that can
protect humans against infections by SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants
of concern (VoCs).
The proportion of CD161 on CD56+NK cells in peripheral circulation associates with clinical features and disease activity of primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Liu Cuiping , zhao ping , Yang Yanhong , Song Saizhe , cheng wei , peng cheng , Chang Xin , Wu Jian
Published: April 2024

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine the proportion of
CD161 on CD56+Natural Killer(NK) cells in peripheral blood of primary
Sjögren’s syndrome(pSS) and investigate its clinical relevance of pSS.
Methods:The proportion of CD56+NK cells and CD161 on CD56+NK cells was
detected by flow cytometry in 31 pSS patients and 29 healthy controls
(HCs). The correlations between proportion of CD161+CD56+NK cells and
clinical features and disease activity of pSS were further analysed.
Meanwhile, we drew the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve to
evaluate the diagnostic value of CD161+CD56+NK cells in pSS. Results:
The proportion of CD56+ NK cells and CD161+CD56+NK cells decreased
markly in pSS patients compared to HCs. The correlation analysis showed
that proportion of CD161+CD56+NK cells negatively correlated with
WBC,IgA,IgM,IgG,ESSRPI and ESSDAI,and positively correlated with
complement C4.The proportion of CD161+CD56+NK cells in pSS patients with
decayed tooth, fatigue, arthralgia, skin involvement, primary biliary
cirrhosis(PBC),interstitial lung disease(ILD), anti-SSA/Ro60 positive,
anti-SSB positive and high IgG was lower than that in negative patients.
Furthermore, compared with innactive patients,the proportion of
CD161+CD56+NK cells decreased obviously in active patients. The area
under the curve(AUC)was 0.7375(P=0.0016),the results indicated that
CD161+CD56+NK cells had certain diagnostic value for pSS. Conclusion:
This study suggested that the proportion of CD56+NK cells and
CD161+CD56+NK cells decreased significantly in pSS patients,and the
proportion of CD161+CD56+NK cells negatively associated with the
clinical features and disease activity of pSS patients. The
CD161+CD56+NK cells may present as a potential target for therapy and a
biomarker of disease activity in pSS .
An Epidemiological Analysis of Vocal Fold Atrophy at a Japanese Centre
Authors: hasegawa tomohiro , Watanabe Yusuke
Published: April 2024

Objective: To update the epidemiological understanding of vocal
fold atrophy (VFA), a condition with increasing morbidity in an ageing
global population by assessing prevalence and phonographic
characteristics by age, gender, and occupation. Design:
Retrospective chart review Setting: Single centre
Participants: The study analysed medical records of patients
diagnosed with VFA for the first time from January 2020 to December
2022. Main Outcome Measures: Parameters such as age, sex,
maximum phonation time (MPT), Voice Handicap Index (VHI), occupation,
and voice disease complications were extracted and analysed.
Results: The study included 610 patients (319 women and 291
men), with ages ranging from 17 to 96 years (median, 64; mean, 61.14).
The majority of patients were in their 70s, with a higher prevalence of
women than men overall but more men in their 60s and an equal gender
distribution among patients in 70s. Among participants aged 60 and
above, 185 were women and 189 were men. On the other hand, some patients
were diagnosed with atrophy at a young age. Most participants were
unemployed, and the most common complication was functional dysphonia. A
moderately negative correlation was found between VHI and MPT in
unemployed men. Other analyses showed no or weak correlations between
age, sex, occupation, and complications. Conclusion: VFA is not
exclusively a disease of older men. The study suggests that early
diagnosis and appropriate use of simple tests, such as MPT, could
potentially extend healthy life expectancy in unemployed men diagnosed
with this condition.
A Depthwise Separable Convolution Hardware Accelerator for ShuffleNetV2
Authors: Li Linshuang , Chen Dihu , Su Tao
Published: April 2024

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely applied in the
field of computer vision with the development of artificial
intelligence. MobileNet and ShuffleNet, among other depthwise separable
convolutional neural networks, have gained significant advantages in
deploying on resource-constrained embedded devices due to their
characteristics such as fewer parameters and higher computational
efficiency compared to previous networks. In this paper, we focus on the
hardware implementation of ShuffleNetV2. We optimized the network
structure. Feature channel numbers, pooling modes, and channel shuffle
modes are modified, resulting in a 1.09% increase in accuracy while
reducing the parameter count by 0.18M. Additionally, we implement a
highly parallel hardware accelerator on the Xillinx xczu9eg FPGA, which
supports both standard convolution and depthwise convolution. The power
consumption of this accelerator is only 7.3W while achieving an energy
efficiency of 13.45 GOPS/W. The running frame rate achieves 675.7 fps.
Novel roles for pirin proteins and a 2-ketoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase ortholog in Bacteroides fragilis central metabolism and comparison of metabolic mutant susceptibility to metronidazole and amixicile
Authors: Rocha Edson , Gough Andrea M. , Parker Anita C. , O’Bryan Patricia J. , Whitehead Terence R. , Roy Sourav , Garcia Brandon , Hoffman Paul S. , Smith C.
Published: April 2024

The regulation of the central metabolism and fermentation pathways and
its effect on antimicrobial susceptibility in the anaerobic pathogen
Bacteroides fragilis is not completely understood. In this study, we
show that B. fragilis encodes for two iron-dependent redox-sensitive
regulatory pirin protein genes, pir1 and pir2, whose mRNA expression is
upregulated following oxygen exposure and growth in iron-limiting
conditions. Pir1 and Pir2 modulate short-chain fatty acids production
and alter susceptibility to metronidazole (MTZ), and to amixicile
(AMIX), a novel inhibitor of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR)
in anaerobes. Consistent with this, we showed that Pir1 forms direct
protein-protein interactions with PFOR as determined by two-hybrid
system assays. In addition, AlphaFold2-based structural analysis
predicts that Pir1 and Pir2 form stable interactions with several
enzymes of the central metabolism including the
2-ketoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductases Kor1AB and Kor2CDAEBG. A
series of metabolic mutants and electron transport chain inhibitors were
used to show a wide-ranging effect of bacterial metabolism on MTZ and
AMIX susceptibility. Furthermore, we show that AMIX is an effective
antimicrobial against B. fragilis in an experimental model of
intra-abdominal infection. This investigation led to the discovery that
the kor2AEBG genes are essential for growth, and we present evidence
that kor2AEBG genes have dual functions including the reductive
synthesis of 2-ketoglutarate via reverse TCA cycle. However, the
metabolic activity that bypasses KorAEBG function remains to be defined.
Collectively our investigation reveals new information on B. fragilis
central metabolism and its modulatory control by pirin proteins which
may be leveraged for the future development of new narrow-spectrum
antimicrobials
IMPAIRED RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH CAT SENSITIZATION IN THE EARLY AGES OF CHILDHOOD
Authors: Beşe Simge Atar , Mercan Adnan , Erge Duygu , Uysal Pinar
Published: April 2024

Objective: To evaluate respiratory functions in children with
cat sensitization using impulse oscillometry (IOS) and spirometry and to
compare these with those of healthy controls. Methods: This
prospective case-control study included 130 children aged 3-17 years
with cat sensitization (CS group) accompanying respiratory allergic
diseases (Group I: asthma, Group II: allergic rhinitis, and Group III:
co-existent asthma and allergic rhinitis), and 70 age- and sex-matched
healthy controls (HC group). The cases’ demographic parameters were
recorded, and respiratory functions were analyzed using IOS and
spirometry. The association between IOS and spirometric parameters was
also evaluated. Results: At IOS evaluation, zR5, R5-20, Fres,
and AX values were higher in children in the CS group compared to the HC
group (p=0.029, p=0.008, p=0.001, and p<0.001, respectively),
while zX5 and zX20 values were lower (p=0.001 and p<0.001).
R5-20 and AX were higher in asthma compared to allergic rhinitis
(p=0.008, 0=0.015), but were insignificant compared to both together.
R5-20, Fres, and AX were higher, and zX20 was lower in the pre-school
age group (p<0.001). No correlation was found between zFEV1,
zFVC, zFEV1/FVC, zFEF25-75 and zR5 values in the CS group
(p>0.05). Conclusions: Pulmonary resistance was
higher and reactance was lower in the entire and peripheral airways in
children with cat sensitization accompanying respiratory allergic
diseases compared to the healthy controls. Peripheral airway resistance
and reactance were more impared in asthma group compared to allergic
rhinitis. However, peripheral airway resistance and main airway
reactance were more impaired in the pre-school age group than in the
older age group.
Strongly elliptic equations with periodic coefficients in two-dimensional space
Authors: Yeh Li-Ming
Published: April 2024

Regularity for strongly elliptic equations with ϵ-periodic highly
oscillatory coefficients in two-dimensional space is concerned. In each
ϵ-cell, the diffusion coefficients of the elliptic equations are
ω 2 ∈ ( 1 , ∞ ) in a small disk with radius ϵµ 4 ( < 1 4 ) and
1 outside the disk of the cell. Two cases are considered. Case one is
that ϵ,µ,ω are independent in the elliptic equations. So the
diffusion coefficients of the elliptic equations are ϵ-periodic
and discontinuous. L p -gradient estimate uniform in ϵ,µ,ω for
the elliptic solutions is derived. However, the integrability p (
>2) of the solutions is not a large number. Case two
is that ϵ , µ ( = ω − 1 ) are independent in the elliptic equations. The
diffusion coefficients of the elliptic equations are ϵ-periodic,
discontinuous, and L 1 -bounded. Lipschitz estimate uniform in ϵ , µ ( =
ω − 1 ) for the elliptic solutions is obtained.