bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Место бета-блокаторов в лечении артериальной гипертензии в 2017 году: так ли все плохо?
Authors: Radchenko G.D.
Published: May 2017

Эта статья является обзором данных литературы об эффективности и безопасности применения бета-адреноблокаторов в лечении артериальной гипертензии (АГ). Рассматриваются вопросы влияния препаратов данной группы на частоту развития кардиоваскулярных событий, центральное артериальное давление и жесткость артерий, углеводный и липидный метаболизм, поражение органов-мишеней и на качество жизни пациентов с АГ. Делаются выводы, что частота большинства побочных эффектов бета-адреноблокаторов невысока в клинических исследованиях и сильно преувеличивается практическими врачами. У пациентов с АГ и наличием показаний лечение данными препаратами оказывается более полезным, чем их неназначение, в том числе у больных с сахарным диабетом, метаболическим синдромом, обструктивными заболеваниями легких, лиц пожилого возраста. При существующем высоком риске возникновения побочных явлений преимущество имеют бета-адреноблокаторы с вазодилатирующими свойствами. Особый акцент делается на положительных свойствах карведилола.
Застосування вітамінів групи В у комплексному лікуванні хворих із захворюваннями органів травлення
Authors: Shendrik L.M. , Vasilyeva I.А. , Kovalenko A.N. , Chaly N.V.
Published: May 2017

У статті наведені сучасні дані щодо комплекс­ного лікування захворювань органів травлення вітамінами групи В, оскільки вони відіграють велику біологічну роль не тільки як загальнозміцнюючий чинник, що сприяє одужанню, але й як лікувальні засоби, що мають різноманітну фармакодинамічну дію. Вітаміни групи В доцільно включати в комплекс­ну терапію психосоматичних захворювань, особливо таких, як функціональні порушення травної системи, при хронічних ураженнях печінки вірусної і токсичної етіології і захворюваннях кишечника (хронічний коліт, синдром подразненого кишечника). Зроблено висновок про те, що застосування вітамінів групи В лікарями-гастроентерологами здатне істотно підвищити якість фармакотерапії багатьох захворювань органів травлення.
Роль гендерного диморфізму у розвитку та наслідках хронічних вірусних гепатитів
Authors: Yagmur V.B.
Published: May 2017

Хронічні захворювання печінки вірусного походження до цього часу займають провідне місце в структурі смертності від гепатобіліарної патології та причин транс­плантації печінки. Пошук факторів, що впливають на прогресування фіброзу і прогноз захворювання, є актуальним завданням охорони здоров’я. У статті наводиться огляд досліджень впливу статевих гормонів на прогресування фіброзу печінки, імовірність розвитку гепатоцелюлярної карциноми у чоловіків і жінок репродуктивного віку і в періоді менопаузи.
Перший дільничний санітарний лікар Катеринослава
Authors: Chaban M.P. , Shevtsova Z.I. , Gaponov V.V.
Published: May 2017

Висвітлено життєвий шлях і професійну діяльність Василя Тимофійовича Скрильникова — відомого лікаря-гігієніста, вченого, громадського діяча. В.Т. Скрильников сприяв розвитку санітарно-профілактичного напрямку земської медицини Катеринославської губернії в другій половині ХIХ століття, був першим дільничним санітарним лікарем у Катеринославі. Вчений активно займався вивченням лікувальних властивостей природних факторів, зокрема тимофіївської глини. Успішно працював на Слов’янському курорті, був редактором місцевої газети. Автор наукових праць із бальнеолікування.
Penerjemahan Subtitle Film Django Unchained dari Bahasa Inggris ke Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Amri Nadiatul
Published: May 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tentang penerjemahan subtitle film Django Unchained dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode analisis is. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan menonton film dan menulis subtitlenya. Proses analisis data dan menginterpretasikannya mencakup (1) kesepadanan yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan subtitle dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia; (2) teknik yang digunakan dalam terjemahan subtitle dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indoneisa; (3) metode yang digunakan dalam terjemahan subtitle dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia; dan (4) kesalahan yang ditemukan dalam terjemahan subtitle dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Temuan penelitian adalah (1) kesepadanan yang dominan digunakan penerjemah adalah kesepadanan dinamis; (2) teknik terjemahan yang paling dominan digunakan penerjemah adalah teknik penerjemahan harfiah; (3) metode yang paling sering digunakan penerjemah adalah terjemahan komunikatif; dan (4) kesalahan terbanyak yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah kesalahan leksikal. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berguna dalam proses pembelajaran matakuliah penerjemahan dan juga bagi penerjemah agar dapat membantu meningkatkan kemampuannya di dalam menulis sebuah terjemahan.
KONFLIK AGRARIA YANG TAK PERNAH REDA
Authors: Zakie Mukmin
Published: May 2017

The ideal goal to be achieved by this country when it declared Law Number 5 of 1960 on the Basic Regulation of Agrarian is the prosperity of society, especially farmers and there is no more conflict. Conflicts before the law is one of them for their legal dualism governing agrarian question. Unification law which regulates the keagrarian expected to answer and give a solution to the conflict over the years. It turns out that the opposite is true, more and more regulations issued with respect to agrarian, it further adds new problems. Changes in the pattern and kareteristik conflict evolves with people's lives, mindset and outlook changed to agrarian particularly land, requires also look for a pattern resolution of the conflict. This paper attempts to it.
POLA TUMPANG SARI KARET-PADI PADA TINGKAT PETANI DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT (Studi Kasus Di Desa Nusantara, Kecamatan Air Sugihan, Kabupaten OKI, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan)
Authors: Sahuri Sahuri , Cahyo Andi Nur , Nugraha Iman Satra
Published: May 2017

Usahatani padi sebagai tanaman sela karet berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan lilit batang karet, meningkatkan produktivitas lahan, meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan meningkatkan pemeliharaan tanaman karet. Pengkajian dilaksanakan di lahan pasang surut tipe luapan C Air Sugihan, Sumatera Selatan pada bulan Juni dan Oktober 2014. Tujuan pengkajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan karet pola tumpangsari padi, hasil padi sebagai tanaman sela karet dan pendapatan petani pola tumpangsari karet-padi di daerah pasang surut. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan lilit batang karet klon PB 260 umur 3 tahun pola tumpangsari karet-padi dengan sistem bedengan 16,52% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pertumbuhan lilit batang karet monokultur tanpa sistem bedengan. Produksi padi sebagai tanaman sela karet adalah 2.800 kg/ha GKG. Usahatani padi sebagai tanaman sela karet pada saat harga rendah masih menguntungkan dengan R/C ratio 1,46, sedangkan pada saat harga tinggi sangat  menguntungkan dengan R/C ratio 1,94. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usahatani padi sebagai tanaman sela karet di daerah pasang surut secara ekonomis menguntungkan dan layak untuk dikembangkan, terutama pada areal karet rakyat. Pola tumpangsari karet-padi di daerah pasang surut sebaiknya dilakukan dengan sistem bedengan yaitu memberikan air irigasi, membuat tinggi muka air tetap agar lapisan di bawah perakaran tanaman karet dan padi dalam kondisi jenuh air sehingga mampu menekan keracunan pirit (FeS2). Selain itu, memperbaiki unsur hara serta menggunakan klon dan varietas yang adaptif untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman karet dan padi.
PENGARUH DINAMIKA GUGUR DAUN TERHADAP KERAGAMAN HASIL LATEKS BEBERAPA GENOTIPE KARET HARAPAN HASIL PERSILANGAN 1992 DI PENGUJIAN PLOT PROMOSI
Authors: Sayurandi Sayurandi , Wirnas Desta , Woelan Sekar
Published: May 2017

Tanaman karet menggugurkan daun secara periodik akibat cekaman kekeringan yang terjadi pada bulan-bulan kering setiap tahunnya. Pada umumnya gugur daun di Provinsi Sumatera Utara terjadi pada bulan Januari sampai bulan Maret. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati keragaman hasil lateks beberapa genotipe karet harapan hasil persilangan 1992 di pengujian Plot Promosiakibat dinamika gugur daun. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2015 – Maret 2016 di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih, Pusat Penelitian Karet yang terletak di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Materi genetik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 15 genotipe karet harapan berasal hasil persilangan 1992 Plot Promosi  dengan 2 klon PB 260 dan RRIC 100 pada umur sebelas tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman hasil lateks  dipengaruhi oleh kondisi fase perdaunan  sebagai akibat perubahan pola curah hujan bulanan. Genotipe nomer HP 92/542  memiliki hasil lateks paling tinggi pada semua fase perdaunan, sedangkan paling rendah terdapat pada genotipe HP nomer 92/677 dan HP 92/726. Berdasarkan kondisi fase perdaunan menunjukkan bahwa rerata hasil lateks paling tinggi terdapat pada saat tanaman dalam fase daun penuh. Penurunan hasil lateks secara nyata terjadi pada saat kondisi gugur daun total dan pembentukan daun muda. Persentase penurunan hasil lateks pada kondisi tersebut masing-masing adalah 71,46% dan 73,23% terhadap fase daun penuh.
PROSPEK PEMANFAATAN METABOLIT SEKUNDER TUMBUHAN SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PATOGEN PADA TANAMAN KARET
Authors: Rachmawan Arief , Dalimunthe Cici Indriani
Published: May 2017

Penyakit tanaman akan terus menjadi faktor pembatas tercapainya produksi pertanian yang optimal. Hal ini menuntut para fitopatologis terus melakukan riset untuk mencari berbagai taktik pengen-daliannya. Pestisida sintetis sebaiknya tidak menjadi pengendali utama karena banyaknya efek negatif. Pemanfaatan pestisida nabati menjadi alternatif dalam pengendalian penyakit. Pestisida nabati memiliki keunggulan diantaranya ramah lingkungan, mudah terdegradasi, sumber daya lokal melimpah,murah, serta sejalan dengan konsep pertanian berkelanjutan. Artikel ini memberikan informasi mengenai jenis metabolit sekunder tanaman dan jalur pembentukannya, serta prospek pemanfaatan metabolit tersebut sebagai pestisida nabati untuk mengendalikan penyakit pada tanaman karet. Besarnya keanekaragaman hayati tumbuhan menghasilkan aneka jenis metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai pestisida nabati. Total ratusan ribu jenis tumbuhan yang sudah dikenal memiliki efek medisinal, banyak yang diteliti dan dimanfaatkan sebagai pestisida nabati. Produk pestisida nabati untuk tanaman hortikultura mulai banyak dikomersialkan. Pada tanaman karet, pemanfaatan pestisida nabati masih pada tahap penelitian,dan belum sampai tahap formulasi produk komersial. Oleh karena itu diperlukan langkah strategis dan arah yang jelas terkait penelitian pestisida nabati pada tanaman karet  diantaranya berupa eksplorasi dan pendataan pestisida nabati potensial, isolasi dan pemurnian bahan aktif pestisida nabati serta studi mekanisme kerja pestisida nabati.
Análise de metais em sedimentos de manguezal do Rio Passa Vaca, Salvador, Brasil
Authors: Santos Leila Maria Mendes , Souza Rosemário Cequeira , Anunciação Daniela Santos , Santos Vera Lúcia Câncio Souza , Viana Zenira Cardoso Vilasboas
Published: May 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi fazer uma avaliação prévia das condições ambientais com relação ao aporte de concentrações de elementos metálicos no sedimento do manguezal do rio Passa Vaca, Salvador (BA). Os metais determinados foram cromo (Cr), cobre (Cu), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), molibdênio (Mo), níquel (Ni), bário (Ba), estrôncio (Sr), vanádio (V) e zinco (Zn). Sedimentos superficiais foram coletados em quatro pontos (P1, P2, P3 e P4) do manguezal com maiores influências antrópicas. As amostras foram pré-tratadas por digestões ácidas e as determinações dos elementos metálicos realizadas por espectroscopia de emissão ótica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES). Os resultados reportaram maiores valores de concentrações no ponto P4, para o Fe (28101,65 µg g-1), seguido de V (62,96 µg g-1), Mn (60,57 µg g-1) e Cr (53,09 µg g-1), enquanto que no ponto P2 foi encontrada maior concentração de Zn (47,95 µg g-1). A análise de correlação e de componente principal (PCA) revelou forte correlação entre os metais estudados entre as frações mais finas do sedimento e os elementos Fe, Cr e Ni. Levando-se em consideração os valores dos efeitos limiares de efeitos adversos (TEL) do NOAA, as concentrações de Cu e Cr, em P4, superam este índice.
Jorge Manrique, Poesía. Ed., est. y notas de Vicenç Beltrán. Real Academia Española-Círculo de Lectores-Galaxia Gutenberg, Madrid, 2013; xii + 276 pp. (Biblioteca Clásica, 13).
Authors: Zepeda Jorge
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro:Poesía. Ed., est. y notas de Vicenç Beltrán.
José Ignacio Hualde, Antxon Olarrea y Erin O’Rourke (eds.), The handbook of hispanic linguistics. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden-Oxford-West Sussex, 2012; 898 pp.
Authors: Gil Burgoin Carlos Ivanhoe
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: The handbook of hispanic linguistics
Soledad Pérez-Abadín Barro, La configuración de un libro bucólico: Églogas pastoriles de Pedro de Padilla. Frente de Afirmación Hispanista, México, 2012; 518 pp.
Authors: Encarnación Paola
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: La configuración de un libro bucólico: Églogas pastoriles de Pedro de Padilla.
Apólogo de la ociosidad y el trabajo, de Luis Mexía, glosado y moralizado por Francisco Cervantes de Salazar. Est. y ed. crítica de Consolación Baranda. Universidad, Salamanca, 2012; 200 pp. (Textos recuperados, 29).
Authors: Venier Martha Elena
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: Apólogo de la ociosidad y el trabajo, de Luis Mexía, glosado y moralizado por Francisco Cervantes de Salazar.
Emilio Ricardo Báez Rivera, Las palabras del silencio de santa Rosa de Lima o la poesía visual del Inefable. Universidad de NavarraIberoamericana-Vervuert, Madrid-Frankfurt/M., 2012; 196 pp. (Biblioteca Indiana, 32).
Authors: Manero Sorolla María Pilar
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: Las palabras del silencio de santa Rosa de Lima o la poesía visual del Inefable.
Manuel Casado Velarde, La innovación léxica en el español actual. Síntesis, Madrid, 2015; 208 pp.
Authors: Franco Trujillo Erik Daniel
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: La innovación léxica en el español actual.
Adriana Azucena Rodríguez, Coincidencias para una historia de la narrativa escrita por mujeres. Afínita Editorial-Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, 2014; 249 pp.
Authors: Muñoz Covarrubias Pablo
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: Coincidencias para una historia de la narrativa escrita por mujeres.
Antonio Carreira, A vueltas con el exilio. (De Juan José Domenchina a Gerardo Deniz). El Colegio de México, México, 2015; 383 pp. (Literatura del Exilio Español, 13).
Authors: Valender James
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: A vueltas con el exilio. (De Juan José Domenchina a Gerardo Deniz).
José Revueltas, El luto humano. Ed. crít. y est. de Antonio Cajero Vázquez. El Colegio de San Luis, San Luis Potosí, 2014; 221 pp.
Authors: García Sánchez Nayeli
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: El luto humano.
Jimena Rodríguez y Manuel Pérez (eds.), Amicitia fecunda. Estudios en homenaje a Claudia Parodi. Iberoamericana-Vervuert, MadridFrankfurt/M., 2015; 267 pp.
Authors: Barriga Villanueva Rebeca
Published: May 2017

Se reseña el libro: Amicitia fecunda. Estudios en homenaje a Claudia Parodi.
Sónia Frota & Pilar Prieto (eds.), Intonation in Romance. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2015; 400 pp.
Authors: Villalobos Pedroza Laura Cristina
Published: May 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Intonation in Romance.
Aurelio González, El corrido: construcción poética. El Colegio de San Luis, San Luis Potosí, 2015; 301 pp.
Authors: Bazán Rodrigo
Published: May 2017

Se reseñó el libro: El corrido: construcción poética.
Javier Ordiz (ed.), Estrategias y figuraciones de lo insólito en la narrativa mexicana (siglos xix-xxi). Peter Lang, Bern, 2014; 231 pp.
Authors: Zavala Medina Daniel
Published: May 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Estrategias y figuraciones de lo insólito en la narrativa mexicana (siglos xix-xxi).
La ideología sobre lo agrario de los productores rurales bonaerenses (2013)
Authors: Balsa Javier
Published: May 2017

Este artículo estudia la ideología de los productores rurales de la provincia de Buenos Aires a través del análisis de una encuesta realizada en el año 2013. En particular, se procura conocer la eficacia interpelativa que tenían las distintas discursividades sobre lo agrario que predominaban en la esfera pública, observar el grado de coherencia ideológica que poseían los productores rurales, y determinar la existencia (o no) de un sentido de separación a la hora de identificar los intereses propios en relación con los del resto de los productores.
J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S CONSTRUCTION OF MULTIPLE MASCULINITIES IN THE LORD OF THE RINGS
Authors: Domínguez Ruiz Beatriz
Published: May 2017

Abstract: The Lord of the Rings is one of the most widely acclaimed fantasy novels in history and since it was first published in the fifties, the analysis of the work from the perspective of gender has mainly focused on its female characters. In this article, written on the 60th anniversary of the first publication of the third and last volume, The Return of the King, my aim is to focus rather on the most relevant male characters and what types of masculinities they perform, offering thus a new re-reading of the text from the point of view of masculinities. Title in Spanish: “La construcción de masculinidades múltiples en El Señor de los Anillos, de J.R.R. Tolkien”Resumen: El Señor de los Anillos es una de las novelas de fantasía más aclamadas de la historia. Desde que fue publicada en los cincuenta, el análisis de esta obra desde el punto de vista del género se ha centrado fundamentalmente en las mujeres. En este artículo, escrito en el sexagésimo aniversario de la primera publicación del tercer y último volumen de la obra, El Retorno del Rey, mi intención es centrarme sin embargo en los tipos de masculinidades representados por algunos de los personajes más relevantes, ofreciendo una nueva relectura del texto desde el punto de vista de las masculinidades.
AN ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL VOCABULARY IN ELT TEXTBOOKS
Authors: Canga Alonso Andrés , Cifone Ponte Daniela
Published: May 2017

Abstract: This paper analyses the cultural vocabulary of two ELT textbooks from two different levels of Spanish education, i.e. 4th grade of secondary education and 2nd baccalaureate. The words obtained were extracted from the vocabulary and reading activities and classified by means of a list of cultural categories (Byram & Morgan, 1994; Common European Framework of Reference, 2001). Our findings reveal that the total number of words related to culture encountered in both textbooks is not balanced. Besides, geographical locations and famous or influent characters are highlighted, leaving aside controversial topics. Finally, the ELT textbooks analysed tend to focus on the target culture. Título en español: “Un análisis del vocabulario cultural presente en los libros de texto de inglés como lengua extranjera”.Resumen: Este trabajo analiza los resultados obtenidos en el análisis del vocabulario con contenido cultural de dos libros de texto de inglés utilizados en dos niveles distintos del sistema educativo español: 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y 2º de bachillerato. Las palabras fueron extraídas de las actividades de compresión escrita y vocabulario y clasificadas con la ayuda de dos listas de categorías culturales (Byram y Morgan, 1994; MCER, 2001). Los resultados revelan que el número de palabras con contenido cultural de ambos textos no están equilibradas. Además, se concede mucha importancia a la localización geográfica y los personajes importantes dejando a un lado temas controvertidos. Por último, los libros analizados tienden a centrarse en la cultura meta.
ENCOUNTER OF THE TWAIN: RUDYARD KIPLING’S ‘THE CITY OF BRASS’
Authors: Sanad Al-Garrallah Aiman
Published: May 2017

Abstract: This essay by and large revises the historically acknowledged notion that Kipling is an Indian-influenced author as postcolonial reassessments of Kipling’s oeuvre have tended to focus primarily on Kipling’s relationship with the British Empire and India. In drawing on Intertextuality, Historicism, Said’s Orientalism, and Bhabha’s ambivalence, the essay analyzes Kipling’s poem in terms of its historical context, textual relationships with an Arabic narrative, and Kipling’s Orientalism. On the whole, this essay examines Kipling’s appropriation of a narrative from The Arabian Nights. The essay sheds light on Kipling’s preoccupation with an Arabic text– a preoccupation that can be interpreted as symptomatic of Kipling’s textual, ambivalent Orientalism. The Arabic narrative of the City of Brass, which enriches Kipling’s poem lexically and thematically, seems to be Kipling’s palimpsest upon which he writes his poem. Kipling’s drawing on the Arabic story by copying the title and the epigraph uncovers an unnoticed (not merely textual) relationship between Edward Lane (whose Orientalism is typical of Kipling’s “The White Man’s Burden”) and Kipling. This textual mixture between a postcolonial poem and a colonized narrative offers deep insights into Kipling’s ambivalence toward his White Men, who have been responsible for making Great Britain similar to the City of Brass in the original narrative. Título en español: “El encuentro de dos mitades: ‘The City of Brass’ de Rudyard KiplingResumen: El presente ensayo revisa la idea históricamente asumida de Kipling como autor influenciado por India teniendo en cuenta que las revisiones postcoloniales de la obra de Kipling se han centrado primordialmente en la relación del autor con el Imperio Británico e India. Enmarcado en la intertextualidad, el historicismo, la obra Orientalism de Said y la ambivalencia de Bhabha, este artículo analiza el poema de Kipling en términos de su contexto histórico, las relaciones textuales con la narrativa árabe y el Orientalismo de Kipling. Por otro lado, examina la apropiación de Kipling de una narración de The Arabian Nights. Este ensayo explica la preocupación de Kipling hacia el texto árabe-un hecho sintomático del Orientalismo ambivalente y textual de Kipling. La narrativa árabe ‘The City of Brass’, que enriquece el poema de Kipling tanto léxica como temáticamente, parece ser el palimpsesto sobre el que Kipling escribe su poema. La deuda de Kipling hacia la historia árabe, a través de la copia del título y el epígrafe, desvela la relación escondida (no meramente textual entre Edward Lane (cuyo orientalismo es típico en “The White Man’s Burden’ de Kipling) y Kipling. Esta mezcla textual entre un poema postcolonial y una narración colonizada ofrece interpretaciones profundas de la ambivalencia de Kipling hacia sus ‘Hombres Blancos’, quienes habían sido responsables de convertir a Gran Bretaña en algo similar a la ‘City of Brass’ de la narración original.
REVIEW. FRAILE-MARCOS ANA MARIA. ED. 2014. LITERATURE AND THE GLOCAL CITY: RESHAPING THE ENGLISH CANADIAN IMAGERY. NEW YORK: ROUTLEDGE INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES ON LITERATURE. PP. 181. ISBN: 978-1-138-77563-3
Authors: Cucarella Ramón Vicent
Published: May 2017

Review.
Notes on recollection and extended distribution of Rhynchotechum alternifolium C.B.Clarke (Gesneriaceae) in Eastern Himalaya, Bhutan
Authors: Odyuo Nripemo , Roy Dilip Kr.
Published: May 2017

Rhynchotechum alternifolium C.B.Clarke, a Gesneriaceae plant taxon earlier known from India and Myanmar, is reported here as an extended distribution to Bhutan. In India, earlier it was reported from Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur and Nagaland. The last observation of this taxon was in 1962 from Myanmar. During recent field exploration (2015), it is once again reported from Nagaland. Based on herbaria records, it is also recorded from Sikkim Himalaya. Brief taxonomic description along with photographic illustration and distribution map of the taxon is provided. Further investigation is required in the eastern Himalaya and North-eastern region of India to ascertain its present population status as well as IUCN status for conservation point of view.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-6, Issue-2, Mar-May 2017, Page: 1-8
A Survey of Established Veterinary Clinical Skills Laboratories from Europe and North America: Present Practices and Recent Developments
Authors: Dilly Marc , Read Emma K. , Baillie Sarah
Published: May 2017

Developing competence in clinical skills is important if graduates are to provide entry-level care, but it is dependent on having had sufficient hands-on practice. Clinical skills laboratories provide opportunities for students to learn on simulators and models in a safe environment and to supplement training with animals. Interest in facilities for developing veterinary clinical skills has increased in recent years as many veterinary colleges face challenges in training their students with traditional methods alone. For the present study, we designed a survey to gather information from established veterinary clinical skills laboratories with the aim of assisting others considering opening or expanding their own facility. Data were collated from 16 veterinary colleges in North America and Europe about the uses of their laboratory, the building and associated facilities, and the staffing, budgets, equipment, and supporting learning resources. The findings indicated that having a dedicated veterinary clinical skills laboratory is a relatively new initiative and that colleges have adopted a range of approaches to implementing and running the laboratory, teaching, and assessments. Major strengths were the motivation and positive characteristics of the staff involved, providing open access and supporting self-directed learning. However, respondents widely recognized the increasing demands placed on the facility to provide more space, equipment, and staff. There is no doubt that veterinary clinical skills laboratories are on the increase and provide opportunities to enhance student learning, complement traditional training, and benefit animal welfare.
Spatial and Visual Reasoning: Do These Abilities Improve in First-Year Veterinary Medical Students Exposed to an Integrated Curriculum?
Authors: Gutierrez J. Claudio , Chigerwe Munashe , Ilkiw Jan E. , Youngblood Patricia , Holladay Steven D. , Srivastava Sakti
Published: May 2017

Spatial visualization ability refers to the human cognitive ability to form, retrieve, and manipulate mental models of spatial nature. Visual reasoning ability has been linked to spatial ability. There is currently limited information about how entry-level spatial and visual reasoning abilities may predict veterinary anatomy performance or may be enhanced with progression through the veterinary anatomy content in an integrated curriculum. The present study made use of two tests that measure spatial ability and one test that measures visual reasoning ability in veterinary students: Guay's Visualization of Views Test, adapted version (GVVT), the Mental Rotations Test (MRT), and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Test, short form (RavenT). The tests were given to the entering class of veterinary students during their orientation week and at week 32 in the veterinary medical curriculum. Mean score on the MRT significantly increased from 15.2 to 20.1, and on the RavenT significantly increased from 7.5 to 8.8. When females only were evaluated, results were similar to the total class outcome; however, all three tests showed significant increases in mean scores. A positive correlation between the pre- and post-test scores was found for all three tests. The present results should be considered preliminary at best for associating anatomic learning in an integrated curriculum with spatial and visual reasoning abilities. Other components of the curriculum, for instance histology or physiology, could also influence the improved spatial visualization and visual reasoning test scores at week 32.
Surgical outcome of posterior decompression, posterolateral fusion and stabilization by pedicle screw and rod in thoracolumbar tuberculosis
Authors: Islam Md. Anowarul , Rahman Md. Naimur , Goni Md. Fahad
Published: May 2017

Spinal tuberculosis causes severe complications like neurological and spinal deformity which may lead to respiratory distress, costo-pelvic impingement, paraplegia and consequent reduction in the quality and longevity of life. The aim of the present treatment is to avoid the consequence of neural complications and gain near-normal spine. Mechanical factor causes pathological fracture or dislocation of an affected vertebral body. Surgical decompression ensues further instability. Reconstruction of spinal column by pedicle screw and rod provide stability and prevents secondary neural damage and deformity thereby helps in early mobilization. Prospective study was done to evaluate the results in 20 cases of spinal tuberculosis in thoracolumbar region associated with neurological deficit. We operated our cases (12 males and 8 females) by posterolateral decompression, fusion and stabilization by pedicle screw and rod along with antitubercular drug treatment. All patients were with neurological deficit, single level involvement and 10 to 30 degree of mild kyphosis. After surgery, kyphosis improved from 20.7 ± 5.5 degrees to 12.5 ± 3.9 degree. Bony fusion was in 65.0% cases. Neurological improvement and pain subsided in all the patients.
Examining social inclusion and social capital among adult learners in blended and online learning environments
Authors: Cocquyt Céline , De Greef Maurice , Diep Nguyet A. , Vanwing Tom , Zhu Chang
Published: May 2017

New learning spaces and learning formats affected the learning and education of adults. In this respect, digitalisation is believed to reduce social exclusion. Moreover, adult education, social inclusion and social capital are positively related among adults. Therefore, this questionnaire study examines how adults who are engaged in online and blended learning perceived change in social inclusion and social capital. We conceptualised social inclusion as social participation and social connectedness, and social capital as bonding and bridging ties. In the case of blended adult learners, our results show positive perceptions of social inclusion and social capital. Those perceptions are less positive among the online adult learners. In both cases, non-natives experience a higher increase in social inclusion and social capital than natives. Hence, online and blended learning holds advantages for adults particularly non-natives: it enhances social inclusion and social capital.
Factor Structure of Almutairi’s Critical Cultural Competence Scale
Authors: Almutairi Adel , Dahinten V.
Published: May 2017

This paper reports on a psychometric study conducted to explore the factor structure and refine the Critical Cultural Competence Scale (CCCS). Critical Cultural Competence (CCC) functions to promote the safety, equity, and well-being of patients, their families, and health care professionals. The development process of this measurement scale was systematic and iterative, and included generating a pool of potential items based on the theoretical definitions of CCC. In this study, conducted with a sample of 170 registered nurses from British Columbia, Canada, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to explore the factor structure of the initial set of 84 items as a final step in developing the CCCS. The final version of the measure consists of 43 items, and the PCA results supported a four-factor solution consistent with the theoretical underpinnings of the scale. Future research is recommended to further assess the construct validity of this newly created scale.
The Impact of Formal Decision Processes on e-Government Projects
Authors: Sundberg Leif , Larsson Aron
Published: May 2017

This paper studies associations between the use of formal decision-making processes in e-Government projects and the outcomes of these projects. By doing so, this study contributes to the decision sciences as well as to the fields of e-Government, information systems and public administration. Data were collected using a survey conducted among Swedish national government agencies and municipalities. Variables that have been investigated are the defining and weighting of objectives, resource allocation and assessment of whether objectives are met, as well as to what extent risk analysis was conducted. The results reveal that successful projects distinguish themselves by involving more activities related to formal decision-making procedures, especially with respect to stakeholder inclusion and weighting of objectives. These initiatives also manage more types of risks, including organizational issues. Future research should continue to explore the possible benefits of formal decision-making and risk analysis in e-Government.
Hormetic Property of Ginseng Steroids on Anti-Oxidant Status against Exercise Challenge in Rat Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Hsu Ming-Fen , Yu Szu-Hsien , Korivi Mallikarjuna , Jean Wei-Horng , Lee Shin-Da , Huang Chih-Yang , Liao Yi-Hung , Lu Jessica , Kuo Chia-Hua
Published: May 2017

Background: Existing literature on anti-oxidant capacity of ginseng has been inconsistent due to variance in the profile of ginseng steroids (Ginsenosides) that is because of differences in seasons and species. Methods: We used various doses of ginseng steroids to determine its effect on oxidative stress and anti-oxidant capacity of rat skeletal muscle against exercise. Results: Under non-exercise conditions, we found increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels and decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) in rat skeletal muscle as dose increases (p < 0.05), which indicates the pro-oxidant property of ginseng steroids at baseline. Intriguingly, exhaustive exercise-induced increased TBARS and decreased GSH/GSSG ratio were attenuated with low and medium doses of ginseng steroids (20 and 40 mg per kg), but not with high dose (120 mg per kg). At rest, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, including catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were increased above vehicle-treated level, but not with the high dose, suggesting a hormetic dose-response of ginseng steroids. Conclusion: The results of this study provide an explanation for the inconsistent findings on anti-oxidative property among previous ginseng studies. For optimizing the anti-oxidant outcome, ginseng supplementation at high dose should be avoided.
Artwork Identification for 360-Degree Panoramic Images Using Polyhedron-Based Rectilinear Projection and Keypoint Shapes
Authors: Jin Xun , Kim Jongweon
Published: May 2017

With the increased development of 360-degree production technologies, artwork has recently been photographed without authorization. To prevent this infringement, we propose an artwork identification methodology for 360-degree images. We transform the 360-degree image into a three-dimensional sphere and wrap it with a polyhedron. On the sphere, several points are located on the polyhedron to determine the width, height, and direction of the rectilinear projection. The 360-degree image is divided and transformed into several rectilinear projected images to reduce the adverse effects from the distorted panoramic image. We also propose a method for improving the identification precision of artwork located at a highly distorted position using the difference of keypoint shapes. After applying the proposed methods, identification precision is increased by 45% for artwork that is displayed on a 79-inch monitor in a seriously distorted position with features that were generated by scale-invariant feature transformations.
Surround by Sound: A Review of Spatial Audio Recording and Reproduction
Authors: Zhang Wen , Samarasinghe Parasanga , Chen Hanchi , Abhayapala Thushara
Published: May 2017

In this article, a systematic overview of various recording and reproduction techniques for spatial audio is presented. While binaural recording and rendering is designed to resemble the human two-ear auditory system and reproduce sounds specifically for a listener’s two ears, soundfield recording and reproduction using a large number of microphones and loudspeakers replicate an acoustic scene within a region. These two fundamentally different types of techniques are discussed in the paper. A recent popular area, multi-zone reproduction, is also briefly reviewed in the paper. The paper is concluded with a discussion of the current state of the field and open problems.
Infrared Spectroscopy for Studying Structure and Aging Effects in Rhamnolipid Biosurfactants
Authors: Kiefer Johannes , Radzuan Mohd , Winterburn James
Published: May 2017

Biosurfactants are produced by microorganisms and represent amphiphilic compounds with polar and non-polar moieties; hence they can be used to stabilize emulsions, e.g., in the cosmetic and food sectors. Their structure and its changes when exposed to light and elevated temperature are yet to be fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy is a useful tool for the analysis of biosurfactants, using rhamnolipids produced by fermentation as an example. A key feature is that the analytical method does not require sample preparation despite the high viscosity of the purified natural product.
Path Loss Measurements of Indoor LTE System for the Internet of Things
Authors: Liu Guan-Yi , Chang Tsung-Yu , Chiang Yung-Chun , Lin Po-Chiang , Mar Jeich
Published: May 2017

The Internet of Things (IoT) provides communication service for future smart manufacturing, which is capable of independently exchanging and responding to information to manage industrial production processes. For the purpose of connecting machines, devices, sensors, and people with each other in a factory, reliable and scalable communication networks used in the cellular IoT are of great importance. This paper aims at channel parameter measurements of indoor Long Term Evolution systems in order to achieve good coverage and service reliability (SR) for the IoT. For the purpose of determining the path loss exponent and the standard deviation of the received shadow fading signal, we use software defined radio techniques to build a small cell experimental platform which contains an evolved node B and user equipment. Received power measurements were performed on this platform. Finally, based on the experimental results, the modified path loss model and the calculated fade margin (FM) for 90% SR are exploited to predict the coverage range of the small cell base station deployed in the factory. The measured path loss channel models are compared with International Telecommunication Union (ITU) path loss channel model.
Effects of Agricultural Biomass Burning on Regional Haze in China: A Review
Authors: Zhao Hongmei , Zhang Xuelei , Zhang Shichun , Chen Weiwei , Tong Daniel , Xiu Aijun
Published: May 2017

Burning agricultural straw before and/or after harvest is a common farming practice. Regional and extensive agricultural open field straw burning can cause serious air pollution events. This paper looks at the effects of biomass burning emission on regional haze that should be considered in the forecasting of regional haze. It describes the current state of crop residue burning in China, and analyzes the relationship between biomass burning and regional haze in terms of temporal/spatial patterns and chemical composition. Finally, some suggestions/recommendations are proposed for the recycling of agricultural straw to reduce the impact of biomass burning on regional haze and air quality. We suggest that prescribed open burning would be a more suitable solution in China. We hope that this report about biomass burning and regional haze will bring the issue to the attention of governments and other researchers.
Optimizing the Spatial Resolution for Urban CO2 Flux Studies Using the Shannon Entropy
Authors: Liang Jianming , Gurney Kevin , O’Keeffe Darragh , Hutchins Maya , Patarasuk Risa , Huang Jianhua , Song Yang , Rao Preeti
Published: May 2017

The ‘Hestia Project’ uses a bottom-up approach to quantify fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions spatially at the building/street level and temporally at the hourly level. Hestia FFCO2 emissions are provided in the form of a group of sector-specific vector layers with point, line, and polygon sources to support carbon cycle science and climate policy. Application to carbon cycle science, in particular, requires regular gridded data in order to link surface carbon fluxes to atmospheric transport models. However, the heterogeneity and complexity of FFCO2 sources within regular grids is sensitive to spatial resolution. From the perspective of a data provider, we need to find a balance between resolution and data volume so that the gridded data product retains the maximum amount of information content while maintaining an efficient data volume. The Shannon entropy determines the minimum bits that are needed to encode an information source and can serve as a metric for the effective information content. In this paper, we present an analysis of the Shannon entropy of gridded FFCO2 emissions with varying resolutions in four Hestia study areas, and find: (1) the Shannon entropy increases with smaller grid resolution until it reaches a maximum value (the max-entropy resolution); (2) total emissions (the sum of several sector-specific emission fields) show a finer max-entropy resolution than each of the sector-specific fields; (3) the residential emissions show a finer max-entropy resolution than the commercial emissions; (4) the max-entropy resolution of the onroad emissions grid is closely correlated to the density of the road network. These findings suggest that the Shannon entropy can detect the information effectiveness of the spatial resolution of gridded FFCO2 emissions. Hence, the resolution-entropy relationship can be used to assist in determining an appropriate spatial resolution for urban CO2 flux studies. We conclude that the optimal spatial resolution for providing Hestia total FFCO2 emissions products is centered around 100 m, at which the FFCO2 emissions data can not only fully meet the requirement of urban flux integration, but also be effectively used in understanding the relationships between FFCO2 emissions and various social-economic variables at the U.S. census block group level.
Evaluation and Parameter Optimization of Monthly Net Long-Wave Radiation Climatology Methods in China
Authors: Cao Wen , Duan Chunfeng , Shen Shuanghe , Yao Yun
Published: May 2017

Based on surface radiation balance data and meteorological observations at 19 radiation stations in China from 1993 to 2012, we assessed the applicability of seven empirical formulas for the estimation of monthly surface net long-wave radiation (Rnl). We then established a revised method applicable to China by re-fitting the formula using new observational data. The iterative solution method and the multivariate regression analysis method with the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) were used as the objective functions in the revised method. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System) estimated Rnl was also evaluated. Results show that monthly Rnl over China was underestimated by the seven formulas and the CERES data. The Tong Hongliang formula with lowest errors was the best among the seven formulas for estimating Rnl over China as a whole, followed by the Penman and the Deng Genyun formulas. The estimated Rnl based on the CERES data also showed relatively higher precision in accordance with the three formulas mentioned above. The FAO56-PM formula (Penman–Monteith formula recommended in the No. 56 report of the Food and Agriculture Organization) without calibration was not applicable to China due to its low accuracy. For individual stations, the Deng Genyun formula was the most accurate in the eastern plain area, while the Tong Hongliang formula was suitable for the plateau. Regional formulas were established based on the geographical distribution of water vapor pressure and elevation over China. The revised national and regional formulas were more accurate than the seven original formulas and the CERES data. Furthermore, the regional formulas produced smaller errors than the national formula at most of the stations. The regional formulas were clearly more accurate than the Deng Genyun formula at stations in Northwestern China and on the Tibetan Plateau. They were also more accurate than the Tong Hongliang formula at the stations located in the eastern area. Therefore, the regional formulas developed in this study are recommended as the standard climatology formulas to calculate monthly Rnl over China.
Intercomparison of MODIS and VIIRS Fire Products in Khanty-Mansiysk Russia: Implications for Characterizing Gas Flaring from Space
Authors: Sharma Ambrish , Wang Jun , Lennartson Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

Gas flaring is commonly used by industrial plants for processing oil and natural gases in the atmosphere, and hence is an important anthropogenic source for various pollutants including CO2, CO, and aerosols. This study evaluates the feasibility of using satellite data to characterize gas flaring from space by focusing on the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in Russia, a region that is well known for its dominant gas flaring activities. Multiple satellite-based thermal anomaly data products at night are intercompared and analyzed, including MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Terra level 2 Thermal Anomalies product (MOD14), MODIS Aqua level 2 Thermal Anomalies product (MYD14), VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) Active Fires Applications Related Product (VAFP), and VIIRS level 2 Nightfire product (VNF). The analysis compares and contrasts the efficacy of these sensor products in detecting small, hot sources like flares on the ground in extremely cold environments such as Russia. We found that the VNF algorithm recently launched by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the unprecedented accuracy and efficiency in characterizing gas flares in the region owing primarily to the use of Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands. Reconciliation of VNF’s differences and similarities with other nighttime fire products is also conducted, indicating that MOD14/MYD14 and VAFP data are only effective in detecting those gas flaring pixels that are among the hottest in the region; incorporation of shortwave infrared (1.6 µm) band used in VNF may improve the detection of relatively cooler gas flares. The gas flaring locations from the VNF product are validated using Google Earth images. It is shown that VNF’s estimates of the area of gas flaring agree well with the Google image counterparts with a linear correlation of 0.91, highlighting its potential use for routinely monitoring emissions of gas flaring from space.
OpenDrop: An Integrated Do-It-Yourself Platform for Personal Use of Biochips
Authors: Alistar Mirela , Gaudenz Urs
Published: May 2017

Biochips, or digital labs-on-chip, are developed with the purpose of being used by laboratory technicians or biologists in laboratories or clinics. In this article, we expand this vision with the goal of enabling everyone, regardless of their expertise, to use biochips for their own personal purposes. We developed OpenDrop, an integrated electromicrofluidic platform that allows users to develop and program their own bio-applications. We address the main challenges that users may encounter: accessibility, bio-protocol design and interaction with microfluidics. OpenDrop consists of a do-it-yourself biochip, an automated software tool with visual interface and a detailed technique for at-home operations of microfluidics. We report on two years of use of OpenDrop, released as an open-source platform. Our platform attracted a highly diverse user base with participants originating from maker communities, academia and industry. Our findings show that 47% of attempts to replicate OpenDrop were successful, the main challenge remaining the assembly of the device. In terms of usability, the users managed to operate their platforms at home and are working on designing their own bio-applications. Our work provides a step towards a future in which everyone will be able to create microfluidic devices for their personal applications, thereby democratizing parts of health care.