bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planting Density and Dose of Nitrogen and Potassium as Influencing Pod Characters of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Hussein Abdalla Mohamed , Benmoussa Mebrouk
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the planting density, nitrogen and potassium influencing on the pod characteristics of bean. The experiment is made in a Split Randomized Complete Block Design, replicated three times. Two plant densities and seven doses of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were examined. The results reflected that density had no effect on pod attributes, except pod length in the second season, whereas significantly increased by the lower density. The plant received lower nitrogen lacking potassium increased length in the both seasons however, the higher individual potassium dose and control increased length in first and second seasons, respectively. The widest and narrowest pod diameters shown by the lower dose of nitrogen and higher dose of both fertilizers, subsequently. The separately maximum and minimum dose of potassium in the first and second season subsequently, in addition to the individual lower dose of nitrogen in the second season have a heaviest dry weight. The interaction significantly affected overall parameters, except pod diameter and dry matter in the first season. Pod dry matter is commonly constant, except with the higher density received the greatest dose of both fertilizers, whereas record significant decline. Pod length and diameter are good indicator of quality, it can be given by the lower density and lower dose of nitrogen without potassium. The combination between lower density with higher potassium dose or neutral dose of both fertilizers is a preferable for length while, the higher density with both doses of potassium or with lower nitrogen, is an appropriate for diameter. The best treatment for both, dry weight and dry matter are wobbly.
Varietal Screening of Radish Genotypes Against Alternaria Leaf Spot (Alternaria raphani) at Western Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Kavita , Sharma Chiranjivi , Karki Anju , Magar Isha Budha , Chand Radhika , Magar Sajana Gharti
Published: April 2023

Paucity of knowledge on resistant variety, high yield loss ranging from 32- 57% and dearth of knowledge on management of Alternaria leaf spot has been the major concerns in radish production in the world. Our study will aid in multiplication and standardization of the germane variety of radish resistant to Alternaria leaf spot disease so as to escalate the production, productivity, and the competitiveness in the domestic as well as in the international market. Hence, this experiment was rendered to screen the radish genotypes against Alternaria leaf spot disease in Western Nepal in 2021. Seven genotypes namely Sparkle white F1 hybrid, Korean cross, Palak-patta 35, Pyuthane red, 40 days, Geeta 33, and Mino early were used as the treatment and experiment was laid out in one factorial RCBD design. Each treatment was assigned with 8 plants for observation with 3 replications per treatment. Parameters like days to appearance of disease, incidence of disease on seedling, disease severity (3 scorings), mean score of disease, mean AUDPC and reaction of genotypes were measured during the experiment. Our study unveiled highly significant result for the days to appearance of disease, disease severity, mean score of disease and AUDPC among the genotypes of radish. Alternaria leaf spot first appeared in Pyuthane red (18.33 days) while appeared late in Mino early. Disease severity was found harsh in 40 days at each scoring (57.33, 64.67 and 70.33 respectively); on the contrary severity was minor in Sparkle white at each scoring (26.67, 35 and 44.17 respectively). Similarly, the highest MDS (3.4) and AUDPC (449.8) was found in 40 days, whereas the lowest MDS (1.7) and AUDPC (246.5) was observed in Sparkle white. Ultimately, it is contended that 40 days was found to be moderately susceptible variety while other varieties were found to be moderately resistant.
Interaction of Cropping Pattern and Fertility Treatments on Yield and Sustainability of Mixed Cropping System under Moisture Regime
Authors: Yousaf Ghufran , Fayyaz Fahad Ali , Yousaf Muhammad Hassan
Published: April 2023

The farmers in most regions of Pakistan are heavily reliant on traditional farming approaches all year round and tend to cultivate exhaustive crops like wheat, cotton, maize, and sugarcane in most areas of the country. Consistently adopting this system leads to depleting the soil fertility status, which they overcome by instigating an uneconomical way of using excessive chemical fertilizers to maximize crop yields. These fertilizers are truly acidic and adversely affect soil health. Adopting sustainable farming approaches by the incorporation of legumes into the farming system with an integrated nutrient supply restores soil fertility and maintains the sustainability of the agro-ecosystem. A field experiment was performed to determine the significance of the integrated source of nutrient management on the growth and yield of sole and mixed cultures of sorghum and mungbean crops in areas with moisture regimes. The fertility treatments applied to the sole and intercrops of sorghum and mung-bean in a given sequence; i) Control, ii) Compost @ 10 t/ha, iii) FYM @ 20 t/ha, iv) NP @ 40 kg N + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1, v) ½ of recommended Compost @ 5 t/ha + ½ of recommended NP @ 20 kg N & 15 kg P2O5 ha-1, vi) ½ of recommended FYM @ 10 t/ha + ½ of recommended NP @ 20 kg N & 15 kg P2O5 ha-1. The sole crop of mungbean gave a maximum grain yield of 2229.1 kg/ha over an intercrop of 1779.7 kg/ha. Similarly, the highest grain yield of 2779.8 kg/ha of sorghum was obtained in sole culture over its intercrop of 2150.9 kg/ha. The interaction effect of cropping pattern and fertility treatments showed that sorghum and mungbean gave significant results for growth and yield parameters where a combined dose of organic & mineral fertilizers were provided in comparison to the plots where these fertilizers were applied in split doses.
Efficacy of Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Production of Onion Seed [Allium cepa L.] cv. Red Creol in Rukum West, Nepal
Authors: Mahato Sikendra Kumar , Adhikari Sabuj , Paudel Anish , Khatiwada Sabin
Published: April 2023

Field research was commenced in Rukum West on a standing crop of onion during the flowering stage to assess the effectiveness of foliar sprays of micronutrients on the yield of onion seeds (Allium cepa L.) cv. Red Creol. The experiment was carried out using two levels of Zinc (300 ppm and 375 ppm) and two levels of Boron (240 ppm and 360 ppm) in an RCBD design with treatments applied either separately or in combinations, comprising nine treatments and three replications. The treatments were administered before flowering, during flowering, and after flowering at the seed production stage at 15 days intervals. The application of Zinc and Boron increased total seed yield, seed yield per umbel, seed yield per plant, and germination percentage. The highest seed yield per plant, seed yield per umbel, and seed yield per plot were recorded from Treatment 8 (Zn 375ppm + B 360ppm) i.e.  52.8 gm per plant, 6.12 gm per umbel, and 966.67 kg ha-1 respectively. Similarly, Treatment 1 (Zn300ppm) and Treatment 8 (Zn 375ppm + B 360ppm) showed the highest germination percentage (70%), and Treatment 9 (control) showed the lowest (45%). The treatments did not affect the thousand seed weight.
Poverty Status of Madagali and Michika Farm Families of Adamawa State Nigeria: Aftermath of Boko Haram Insurgency
Authors: Taru Bala , Filli Fave Bulus
Published: April 2023

The study analyzed the effect multidimensional poverty of farm families in Madagali and Michika local government areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria after the Boko Haram Insurgncy of 2014. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of the farm families and examined the multidimensional poverty status of the farm families in the study area. Multistage and simple random sampling techniques were employed in drawing 100 respondents from various communities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices. Results showed that majority (57.58%) of the farm families were females, 47.89% were aged between 20 to 29 years, 79.8% were married, 55.56% had SSCE/GCE/Teachers Grade ii, 69.47% had farming as primary occupation, 33.33% had trading as secondary occupation, 61.46% had between N1100 – 10000 as income from primary source, 56.47% had between N1100 – N10000 as income from secondary source, 95% of the respondents owned land, 91.92% owned house. Majority (48.96%) of the respondents roofed their houses with thatch while 61.22% had mud as the wall material of their house. Majority (89.55%) of the respondents used firewood as cooking fuel, 49.47% leaved in a single room apartment, 63.53% had borehole as main source of drinking water, 46.24% used uncovered pit latrine and 71% of the household leaved without electricity. Monthly income of respondents, farm size and age of household head were the determinants of food security in the study area. The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) headcount ratio/poverty incidence (α = 0) was 0.78. The study analyzed that there were cases striking multidimensional poverty issues in the study area which call for immediate government intervention in the study area.
O USO DE ANTIBIÓTICOS COMO ADJUVANTE NO TRATAMENTO DA PERIODONTITE
Authors: De Fátima Brandão Josilaine , Gerez de Moura Garcia Stefanny , Wiziack Zago Patrícia Maria , Tognetti Valdinéia Maria
Published: April 2023

A periodontite é uma doença de caráter imuno-inflamatório que pode levar a perda dos dentes. O tratamento padrão consiste na terapia mecânica, no entanto, essa terapia muitas vezes pode apresentar falhas ou insucessos relacionados ao estágio da periodontite, à profundidade, ao tipo de bolsa periodontal ou ainda às características sistêmicas do próprio paciente. Nessas situações, a utilização de antimicrobianos sistêmicos como complementares ao desbridamento mecânico pode auxiliar a um tratamento periodontal mais efetivo e com maior chance de sucesso. Assim, a presente revisão de literatura teve como objetivo analisar os tipos de antibióticos sistêmicos mais adequados a serem empregados como coadjuvantes do tratamento de periodontites, além de evidenciar a principal terapêutica indicada. As buscas foram feitas no banco de dados científicos PubMed e SciELO, e foram incluídas revisões de literatura, estudos clínicos randomizados e trabalhos de dissertação de mestrado, publicados entre os anos de 2012 e 2022, nos idiomas português ou inglês. Ao todo foram selecionados 19 artigos para compor a revisão. Estudos constataram benefícios significativos nos parâmetros clínicos associados ao uso de antibioticoterapia associado ao desbridamento mecânico, principalmente em relação à redução da profundidade de sondagem e da perda de inserção clínica. Contudo, ainda não há consenso na literatura sobre a eficácia do uso de antibioticoterapia sistêmica adjuvante no tratamento da periodontite, bem como em relação ao melhor momento da administração, tipo de antibiótico mais eficaz ou dosagem mais adequada.  Dessa forma, mais estudos são necessários para o estabelecimento de adequadas indicações e protocolos terapêuticos para o uso de antibióticos adjuvantes ao tratamento das periodontites.
Are Efficient and Inefficient Farms Heterogeneous? Evidence from Kansas Farms
Authors:   The Korean Agricultural Economics Association, Kim Youngjune , Chen Bowen , Featherstone Allen M. , Pendell Dustin L.
Published: April 2023

Most of the previous literature on efficiency assumes that efficient and inefficient farms are homogeneous in production, even though they may have different strategies to increase efficiency. Exploiting Super Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and quantile regression, this study examines the sources of efficiency with particular consideration of the heterogeneity between efficient and inefficient farms using a farm-level dataset. The results show that an increase in some farm characteristics, such as the number of beef cows, percentage of income from beef cows, and percentage of acres owned, affects efficiency in different ways for efficient and inefficient farms. These results imply that efficient and inefficient farms are heterogeneous in terms of how farm characteristics affect efficiency.
Comparison of Neck Awareness, Physical and Psychosocial Parameters in Inactive University Students with and without Neck Pain
Authors: ERKAN Raziye , ASLAN TELCİ Emine , ÇETİN Sebahat Yaprak , ALTIN Fatma Nur
Published: April 2023

The aim of the study was to compare neck awareness, muscular endurance, mental state and self-efficacy parameters in young adults with and without neck pain and to examine the relationship of awareness with pain intensity, muscular endurance and anxiety and depression in the group with neck pain. A total of 104 students with neck pain (n=41) and without neck pain (n=63) with a mean age of 22.85 ± 3.53 years were included in the study. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Cervical Deep Flexor Muscle Endurance Test, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) were used to collect the data. When the groups were compared in terms of physical and psychosocial data, it was determined that the group with neck pain was negatively affected compared to the group without neck pain in terms of all parameters (p
Antimicrobial protective effect of essential oil of pickling herb in creams
Authors: CESUR TURGUT Aslıhan , DOĞAN Şevkinaz
Published: April 2023

Finding and choosing alternative herbs with strong aroma and antimicrobial properties that grow naturally in Turkey -our country- is especially important for cosmetic products. In this study, the pickling herb (Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss.) also known as “çörtük”, “tarhana grass” among people was used. Essential oil in plants collected from their natural environment was obtained by distillation and the analysis of volatile components was performed. Then the microbial protection of essential oil in the creams was performed. The pH and viscosity measurements and rapid microbiological analyzes were made in all creams. The results revealed that it was found that no microbial activity was observed in the creams and their pH was compatible with the skin pH.
Los acuerdos de paz en prospectiva: una mirada mediante técnicas analíticas estructuradas
Authors: López Niño Desiderio
Published: April 2023

Los ejercicios de anticipación frente a los posibles escenarios futuros de paz en Colombia, son menos frecuentes de lo que sería deseable. El cortoplacismo ha prevalecido en la toma de decisiones, se ha perdido de vista que la firma de un acuerdo de paz no implica la ruptura con los comportamientos ancestrales de la violencia. En los asuntos de convivencia pacífica se requiere una visión de largo plazo y el objetivo del artículo es plantear que el empleo de técnicas analíticas estructuradas como el Método Delphi y la Teoría de Juegos hacen un valioso aporte desde la ruta cuantitativa y cualitativa a los estudios prospectivos sobre la construcción de procesos de paz, por cuanto son participativas e incluyentes, permiten escuchar a los expertos y generar nuevas miradas que tienen como centro de gravedad la interacción de los acto res donde se valora que la elección de una estrategia por parte de un actor está relacionada con la estrategia elegida por el otro actor. El reto es ver el futuro y devolvernos al presente para diseñar las estrategias que llevan a escenarios de acuerdo pacífico en varias etapas, para ello se requiere creatividad, combinar la razón con la intuición, pero ante todo actitud de cara a visiones de paz donde el imperio de la ley esté garantizado para todos.
Los Estados ya no se declaran la guerra: el triunfo de la tecnología, la economía y el derecho
Authors: Pinzón Navarro Cristian
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo establecer una aproximación sobre qué factores han contribuido al descenso de las guerras interestatales a partir de los factores de la tecnología militar, la economía y el Derecho Internacional. Se argumenta que la tecnología militar restringe la voluntad de guerra por las consecuencias recíprocas; los costos de la guerra pueden superar las capacidades de los Estados lo que provoca efectos colaterales y finalmente, la expansión del Derecho Interna cional ha disminuido las declaraciones de guerra interestatal por sus obligaciones y repercu siones a su incumplimiento.
PREDITORES DE IMPACTOS NEGATIVOS DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 EM UNIVERSITÁRIOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Lopes Adriana Rezende , Nihei Oscar Kenji
Published: April 2023

Impactos negativos da pandemia de COVID-19 têm sido observados na população em geral e em estudantes. Este estudo transversal objetivou identificar variáveis preditoras de 3 ou mais impactos negativos da pandemia de COVID-19 em graduandos de universidade pública brasileira. A amostra foi composta de 1.579 graduandos que responderam questionário on-line de setembro a outubro de 2020, sendo realizada análise logística univariada e multivariada. 97,2% dos graduandos indicaram aspectos afetados negativamente pela pandemia de COVID-19, e os mais citados foram estudo (80,1%), saúde mental (65,8%) e convívio social (64,9%). 72,9% indicaram impacto em 3 ou mais aspectos da vida, sendo preditores: sexo feminino; idade 18 a 24 anos; consumo de bebida alcoólica; doença crônica; acompanhamento psicológico antes pandemia; teve COVID-19; fez isolamento social; está em isolamento social; cessou/reduziu renda familiar; cessou/reduziu atividade física; cessou/reduziu lazer. Os dados indicaram que a evitação do consumo de álcool e a prática regular de atividade física e lazer podem ser fatores protetivos para os impactos negativos da pandemia de COVID-19, e sugerem reflexões sobre ações de apoio aos graduandos para minorar os impactos pandêmicos.
Percepção de saúde e satisfação com o ensino remoto emergencial entre docentes do ensino superior na pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Matos Rafael Christian de , Mendes Gabriel Moreira de Mello , Nascimento Mariana Martins Gonzaga do , Reis Adriano Max Moreira , Gomes Maria Aparecida , Mota Ana Paula Lucas , Vianna-Soares Cristina Duarte , Custódio Flávia Beatriz , Andrade Jéssica Evelyn de , Ruas Cristina Mariano
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: Avaliar aspectos relacionados à saúde e à satisfação docente no Curso de Farmácia em uma instituição de ensino superior e sua associação ao Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal quantitativo, no qual Questionário contemplando fatores socioeducacionais relacionados à saúde e ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem foi disponibilizado e avaliado por meio de regressões univariada linear e multinomial. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Com a pandemia de coronavírus, atividades que geravam aglomeração como aulas presenciais foram interrompidas, gerando o novo formato de ensino (ERE). A autopercepção de saúde dos docentes atingiu o percentual 78,9±15%. Parte considerável relatou exaustão (51,2%), sobrecarga (51,1%), ansiedade (35,2%) e falta de tempo para lazer (30,2%). O uso de medicamentos, adoecimento devido ao ERE, sintomas de ansiedade, sobrecarga na atividade laboral, relação professor/aluno e tempo para preparo de aulas relacionaram-se à satisfação geral. Conclusão: Com o estudo foi possível observar que o uso de medicamentos, o adoecimento por causa do ERE, sintomas de ansiedade, sobrecarga na atividade laboral, fatores como a relação professor/aluno e tempo para preparo de aulas estavam relacionados à satisfação geral dos docentes. Ademais, apesar do caráter transitório do ERE, os dados reforçam a necessidade de acompanhamento docente após o retorno presencial.
Impactos psicossociais da COVID-19 em profissionais da saúde
Authors: Gonçalves Andressa de Almeida , Farias Ângelo Cézar Magalhães , Lemos Danillo dos Santos , Sousa Júnior Valério Sampaio , Marques Matheus Santos
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: Analisar os impactos psicossociais da COVID-19 entre os profissionais da saúde. Métodos: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados eletrônica Pubmed e LILACS. Foram utilizadas as palavras-chave “COVID-19”; “profissional da saúde”; “saúde mental”; “impacto psicossocial” combinadas e pareadas com o auxílio do operador booleano AND. Resultados: Os 12 estudos incluídos nesta revisão integrativa foram indexados nas bases de dados Pubmed (41,6%) e LILACS (58,3) publicados durante 2020 a 2023. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, predominou o delineamento de estudo transversal (25%) e a metanálise (25%), seguindo de pesquisas de cunho de revisão sistemática (16,6%), revisão integrativa (16,6%), estudo prospectivo (8,3%) e estudo qualitativo (8,3%). Os profissionais da saúde estão expostos ao adoecimento, a depressão, ansiedade, a angustia e as alterações associadas ao sono. Além disso, são relatados comportamento suicida, excesso de álcool e drogas. Considerações finais: A maioria dos estudos analisados evidencia a população de enfermeiros como mais atingidos por sentimentos negativos. Além disso, excesso de trabalho, medo do adoecimento, medo de transmitir o vírus, pouco apoio familiar e profissional e fragilidades associadas a gestão foram os principais fatores de risco considerados para o adoecimento.
The influence of new media on politics in the world
Authors: Ван Ц.
Published: April 2023

С быстрым развитием мобильного Интернета новые медиа меняют и переформулируют общение людей, использование речи и поведенческие привычки. В политическом контексте средства массовой информации играют решающую роль в информировании общественности о политике, о кампаниях и выборах. Но в то время как общественность требует информации от медиа, у средств массовой информации и политиков также есть шанс на негативное освещение своей государственной программы и предвзятость СМИ. Кроме того, средства массовой информации помогают влиять на то, какие вопросы должны волновать избирателей на выборах и какие критерии они должны использовать для оценки кандидатов. Отношения общества, СМИ и правительства всегда взаимосвязаны, и, хотя СМИ иногда могут формировать общественное мнение, они оказывают большее влияние на донесение до избирателей, важны погодные условия или нет, по этим вопросам СМИ работают более эффективно, размещая акцентировать внимание на определенных вопросах. Непрерывное развитие информационных технологий оказывает глубокое влияние на процесс разработки государственной политики. Вопрос о том, как государственная политика идет в ногу со временем в сегодняшних постоянно меняющихся условиях, стал вопросом, над которым необходимо подумать. В этой статье мы выявим особенности влияния новых медиа на политику в мире.

With the rapid development of the mobile Internet, new media are changing and reformulating people's communication, speech use and behavioral habits. In the political context, the mass media play a crucial role in informing the public about politics, campaigns and elections. But while the public demands information from the media, the media and politicians also have a chance for negative coverage of their state program and media bias. In addition, the mass media help to influence what issues voters should be concerned about at the elections and what criteria they should use to evaluate candidates. The relations of society, the media and the government are always interconnected, and although the media can sometimes shape public opinion, they have a greater influence on informing voters whether weather conditions are important or not, the media work more effectively on these issues, placing emphasis on certain issues. The continuous development of information technology has a profound impact on the process of developing public policy. The question of how public policy keeps up with the times in today's ever-changing conditions has become a question that needs to be thought about. In this article we will identify the peculiarities of the influence of new media on politics in the world.
A study of the key path for universities to implement Xi Jinping's important discourse on the study of party history and education
Authors: Чанмэй Ч.
Published: April 2023

Важные изложения Генерального секретаря Си Цзиньпина об образовании богаты смыслом и глубоки. Это продукт сочетания марксистской теории и фактического развития китайского образования. Это важная часть социалистической мысли Си Цзиньпина с китайской спецификой в новую эпоху. Он указывает направление и обеспечивает фундаментальную основу для реформы и развития образования страны в новую эпоху. После 18-го Всекитайского съезда Коммунистической партии Китая генеральный секретарь Си Цзиньпин выступил с важными докладами о повышении качества образования и наращивании образовательного потенциала. Пятый пленум ЦК партии девятнадцатого созыва четко заявил, что «построение качественной системы образования» в период «14-й пятилетки» построит сильную образовательную страну в 2035 году; это важная мера по содействию всестороннему развитию людей и построению сильной образовательной страны. Это свидетельствует о том, что китайское образование вступило в новый этап всестороннего повышения качества и инновационного развития.

Secretary General Xi Jinping's important statements on education are rich in meaning and profound. It is a product of a combination of Marxist theory and the actual development of Chinese education. This is an important part of Xi Jinping's socialist thought with Chinese specifics in the new era. It indicates the direction and provides a fundamental basis for the reform and development of the country's education in a new era. After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping made important reports on improving the quality of education and building educational potential. The fifth plenum of the Party Central Committee of the nineteenth convocation clearly stated that "building a quality education system" during the "14th five-year plan" will build a strong educational country in 2035; this is an important measure to promote the comprehensive development of people and build a strong educational country. This indicates that Chinese education has entered a new stage of comprehensive quality improvement and innovative development.
Estimation of Steroid Hormones in Biological Samples Using Micro Extraction and Advanced Chromatography Techniques
Authors:   Center for Advanced Research, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India, Srivastava Anshuman , Godbole Madan Madhav ,   Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, Shrivastava Ashutosh ,   Center for Advanced Research, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
Published: April 2023

Steroid profiling plays an important role in the clinical setting and also in the diagnosis of various physiological disorders. Steroids in the research laboratory and patient care has been routinely measured by immunoassay. Limitations of immunoassay in quantifying steroids have been well documented and the advent of advanced mass spectrometry is offering a viable alternative to measure multiple steroids in single reaction. Analytes ranging from the steroid and their metabolites that are present in the body carry out various important functions and are relevant to maintaining homeostasis. Blood plasma and urine samples are the clinical material for such analysis, however, due to the difference in polarity of the target steroid, a major challenge exists as to how faithfully analyze different steroids in the given sample type. These steroids are usually present at very low concentrations in the body and are present in several forms leading to increased complexity. Achieving an excellent chromatographic separation for the analysis of steroids requires an effective sample preparation and analysis procedure. Hence various methods are developed to analyze the presence of steroids and to know their exact concentration in the body. This review covers various analytical methodologies such as chromatographic procedures and downstream mass spectrometry for the identification and measurement of the levels of steroid hormones. At the same time, this review also covers the most recent developments that have taken place in the recent past to cover the enhanced understanding of steroid hormone analysis.
Development of Solid-Contact Potentiometric Sensor Utilized Nanocarbon-filled Poly (vinyl chloride) Membrane as Ion-to-electron Transducing Layer
Authors:   N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, ES Turyshev , LK Shpigun ,   N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, AV Kopytin ,   N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, KY Zhizhin ,   N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, NT Kuznetsov ,   N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, NP Simonenko ,   N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Published: April 2023

Current fundamental researches in the field of potentiometry demonstrate the perspectives of using polymeric nanostructured materials as ion-to-electron transducers in Solid-Contact Potentiometric Sensors (SCSs). This paper reports the preparation and comparative study of plasticized Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) membranes modified with fullerene C60, single-walled carbon nanotubes SWCNTs, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide as the transducing layer in SCSs for the determination of a common local anesthetic drug – procaine hydrochloride (Pro·HCl). As an ion-sensitive (recognizing) layer, a PVC membrane containing highly lipophilic 2-[bis-octadecyl sulfo]-closo-decaborate anions was chosen. The results were discussed in relation to nanofiller’s type and content. The best potentiometric characteristics were obtained for the sensor with the transducing layer containing the hybrid nanofiller SWCNTs/C60. This new sensor of a double-layer PVC membrane configuration exhibited a Nernstian slope (59.2 ± 0.2 mV/decade) in the wide linear range (5×10-7– 1×10-2 M) with the low limit of detection (10-7.1 M), fast response time (≤ 7 s), and stable potentiometric response (drift potential ± 0.27 mV h-1 over 7 h of soaking in 1x10-5 M Pro·HCl solution).
A Comparison of the Epidemiological Factors and Burden of Autism Spectrum Disorders Worldwide and in China
Authors:   Department of Children’s and Adolescent Health, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, China, Y Hai , QU Ain ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China, S Muhammad ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China, MY Zou ,   Department of Children’s and Adolescent Health, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, China, LJ Wu ,   Department of Children’s and Adolescent Health, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, China
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The goal of this study is to compare the trends and variations in the burden of autism globally and in China by year, age, gender, region, and the correlations with socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral factors, using disability-adjusted life years. Methods: The prevalence and DALYs of ASD from 1990 to 2019 were used in our analysis of the burden of ASD. Global and national epidemiological data were gathered from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study database. Using linear regression, the correlations between the age-standardized DALYs rate and socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral factors were assessed. Results: The DALYs numbers due to ASD increased by 39% globally and 14% in China respectively from 1990 to 2019. The global ASD peak age for both males and females is 5 years old, with multiple peaks of increasing trends observed in China for both genders at the ages of 5,30, and 50 years. Males have 3-4 times the DALYs, incidence, and prevalence as females. In 2019, China had the highest DALYs numbers, while the United Kingdom had the highest age-standardized DALYs rate. The impact of ASD on health varied substantially across countries. The age-standardized DALYs were strongly related to socioeconomic factors (GDP per capita, R²=0.305; HDI, R²=0.287; Health expenditure (% of GDP), R²=0.088; p<0.05). The age-standardized DALYs rate related to ASD was positively correlated with per capita alcohol intake, adversely correlated with PM2.5, and insignificantly correlated with tobacco use prevalence. Conclusion: Over the last 30 years, the health impact of ASD has steadily risen. It caused significant health loss, particularly for preschool children in households with a drinking habit from a higher socioeconomic level country.
Reforming the housing and community amenities system of a metropolis using blockchain technology
Authors: Demin A. V. , Milkina I. V. , Rybalchenko I. V.
Published: April 2023

The article discusses management techniques of reforming the management system of the housing and community amenities of the metropolis, associated with the use of innovative technologies. The idea is substantiated that the “blockchain” technology can significantly increase the quality of public services: reduce data processing time and decrease the number of requests for the necessary information. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the possibility of bringing the provision of housing and community amenities to a fundamentally new level, to increase public confidence in the work of state bodies. The authors pay the main attention in the work to the analysis of the openness and transparency of new technologies, as well as preservation guarantees of personal data in the provision of public services. The authors propose possible directions for the application and development of “blockchain” technology in the public sector, as well as a mechanism for the formation of special automated “smart rules” that can be used for the public sector. The authors’ proposal is to create normative legal or administrative acts not just in a machine-readable format, but as “smart rules” is of fundamental importance. The introduction of such an order significantly optimizes the automation of management, because new legislation will not require automation – it will initially be published in the form of directly performed by means of automation of data processing, which do not require human participation.
Analysis of the russian market of software products for real estate management
Authors: Vinokurov L. L. , Godin V. V. , Terekhova A. E. , Tonoyan S. P.
Published: April 2023

Active sanctions against Russia, including in the field of information technology, lead to a situation where the dependence of organizations on software products non-Russian origin may be a serious problem. Consequently, the task of analyzing the Russian software market, to which this article is devoted, seems relevant. The authors have reviewed one of the software classes – automation systems for real estate management, Computer Aided Facilities Management (hereinafter – CAFM-systems) in a foreign terminology. The article deals with the evaluation and ranking of software products, on the basis of which recommendations for their use in projects are formulated. For this purpose, a list has been formed consisting of twelve Russian CAFM-systems registered in the Unified Register of Russian Computer Programs and Databases; a set of evaluation parameters has been developed, divided into two groups – functional and non-functional parameters; an evaluation methodology using mathematical decision-making methods has been proposed; a group of experts has been formed; an expert evaluation and ranking of systems according to the developed methodology was conducted; a rating of systems with an indication of the companies-developers has been built. The results of the study show that the Russian market of CAFM-systems has been formed and provides customers interested in software products of this class with a fairly wide range of alternatives for choice. The conducted research, on the one hand, has practical value for specialists working with such software products, and, on the other hand, scientific value expressed in the proposed holistic methodology of market analysis, which can be extended to other types of software products by specifying a set of comparison parameters.
Copper Phosphinate Complexes as Molecular Precursors for Ethanol Dehydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Pokorny Tomas , Doroshenko Iaroslav , Machac Petr , Simonikova Lucie , Moravec Zdenek , Pinkas Jiri , Styskalik Ales
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, the production of acetaldehyde heavily relies on the petroleum industry. Developing new catalysts for the ethanol dehydrogenation process, which could sustainably substitute current acetaldehyde production methods, is highly desired. Among ethanol dehydrogenation catalysts, copper-based materials have been intensively studied. Unfortunately, the Cu-based catalysts suffer from sintering and coking, which lead to rapid deactivation with time-on-stream (TOS). Phosphorus doping has been demonstrated to diminish coking in methanol dehydrogenation, fluid catalytic cracking, and ethanol-to-olefin reactions. This work reports a pioneering application of the well-characterized copper phosphinate complexes as molecular precursors for copper-based ethanol dehydrogenation catalysts enriched with phosphate groups (Cu-phosphate/SiO2). Three new catalysts (CuP-1, CuP-2, CuP-3), prepared by the deposition of complexes {Cu(SAAP)}n (1), [Cu6(BSAAP)6] (2), and [Cu3(NAAP)3] (3) on the surface of commercial SiO2, calcination at 500 °C, and reduction in the stream of the forming gas 5% H2/N2 at 400 °C exhibited unusual properties. First, the catalysts showed a rapid increase in catalytic activity. After reaching a maximum conversion, the catalyst started to deactivate. The unusual behavior could be explained by the presence of the phosphate phase, which prevented the Cu2+ reduction. The phosphorus content gradually decreased during time-on-stream, copper was reduced, and the activity increased. The deactivation of the catalyst could be related to the copper diffusion processes. The most active CuP-1 catalyst reaches a maximum of 74 % ethanol conversion and over 98 % acetaldehyde selectivity at 325 °C and WHSV = 2.37 h−1.
Umbrella-like helical structure of alpha-synuclein at the air-water interface observed with experimental and theoretical sum frequency generation spectroscopy
Authors: Strunge Kris , Burgin Tucker , Golbek Thaddeus , Roeters Steven , Pfaendtner Jim , Weidner Tobias
Published: April 2023

The misfolding of ⍺-synuclein (aS) into amyloid aggregates is associated with severe brain disorders. Aggregat-ed copies of aS are found in the amyloid aggregates observed in brain tissues from Parkinson’s patients. Surfaces are known to catalyze the formation of amyloid aS aggregates. Despite the importance of the role of inter-faces and several decades of structural studies, the 3D structure of aS when bound to interfaces is still not completely clear. Hydrophobic interfaces are particularly important here. We report interface-specific sum-frequency generation (SFG) experiments to determine how monomeric aS binds to the air-water interface, a model system for hydrophobic surfaces in general. We model the SFG data by combining the experimental data directly to theoretical spectra calculations from molecular dynamics simulations. We find that aS, which is an intrinsically disordered protein in solution, folds into a defined, mostly helical, secondary structure at the air-water interface. The binding pose is reminiscent of an umbrella-shape, where the C-terminus represents the ‘pole’ and protrudes into the water phase, while the N-terminus and the NAC region span the canopy at the interface. In this binding pose, aS is prone to aggregate, which could explain the catalytic effect of hydrophobic interfaces and air bubbles on aS fibrillation.
Discovery of Non-Classical Self-Assembly in Janus Particle-Based Surfactants and the Field-Triggered Breakdown of Surface Activity and Amphiphilic Properties
Authors: Lanz Cornelia , Krysiak Yasar , Liu Xu , Hohgardt Manuel , Walla Peter Jomo , Polarz Sebastian
Published: April 2023

The use of colloidal particles as models to understand processes on a smaller size-scale is a highly valuable approach. Compared to molecules, particles are less defined but their architecture can be more complex, so is their long-range interaction. Sometimes one can observe phenomena which are unknown or much more difficult to realize on the molecular level. The current paper focuses on particle-based surfactants and reports about numerous unexpected properties. The main goal is the creation of an amphiphilic system with responsiveness in surface activity and associated self-organization phenomena depending on the application of an external trigger, preferably a physical field. A key step is the creation of a Janus-type particle characterized by two types of dipoles (electric and magnetic) which geometrically stand orthogonal to each other. In a field, one can control which contribution and which direction dominates the inter-particle interactions and as a result one can change the properties of the system drastically. The features of ferrite-core organosilica-shell particles with grain-like morphology modified by click chemistry is studied in response to spatially isotropic and anisotropic triggers. A highly unusual aggregation-dissolution-reaggregation sequence was discovered. Using a magnetic field, one can even switch off the amphiphilic properties and use this for the field-triggered breaking of multiphase systems such as emulsions.
b,b-Directly Linked Porphyrin Rings: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Fullerene Binding
Authors: Chen Qiang , Thompson Amber , Christensen Kirsten , Horton Peter , Coles Simon , Anderson Harry
Published: April 2023

Cyclic porphyrin oligomers have been studied as models for photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna complexes and as potential receptors for supramolecular chemistry. Here we report the synthesis of unprecedented b,b-directly linked cyclic zinc porphyrin oligomers, the trimer (CP3) and tetramer (CP4), by Yamamoto coupling of a 2,3-dibromoporphyrin precursor. Their 3D structures were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The minimum-energy geometries of CP3 and CP4 have propeller and saddle shapes, respectively, as calculated by density functional theory (DFT). Their different geometries result in distinct photophysical and electrochemical properties. The smaller dihedral angles between the porphyrin units in CP3, compared with CP4, results in stronger π-conjugation, splitting the UV-vis absorption bands and shifting them to longer wavelengths. Analysis of the crystallographic bond lengths indicates that the central benzene ring of the CP3 is partially aromatic (HOMA 0.52), whereas the central cyclooctatetraene ring of the CP4 is non-aromatic (HOMA –0.02). The saddle-shaped structure of CP4 makes it a ditopic receptor for fullerenes, with affinity constants of (1.1 +/- 0.4) × 10^5 M–1 for C70 and (2.2 x 0.1) × 10^4 M–1 for C60, respectively, in toluene solution at 298 K. The formation of a 1:2 complex with C60 is confirmed by NMR titration and single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Synthesis of α-tertiary primary amines and 1,2-amino alcohols from vinyl azides by light induced denitrogenative alkylarylation/dialkylation
Authors: Shu Wei , Li Sifan , Du Hai-Wu , Davies Paul W.
Published: April 2023

Sterically congested α-tertiary primary amines are ubiquitous substructures in pharmaceutical and agrochemical agents yet are challenging to access. Herein, a straightforward photoredox-catalyzed access to structurally diverse α,α,α-trisubstituted primary amines from denitrogenative alkylarylation or dialkylation of vinyl azides with NHPI esters and cyanoarenes or aryl aldehydes has been developed. The use of vinyl azides as a precursor of primary amines was enabled by the dual role of Hantzsch ester to form electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes and to serve as a sacrificial reductant. This strategy provides a modular synthesis of α-tertiary primary amines, including unprotected 1,2-amino alcohols, from simple materials with excellent functional group tolerance. The synthetic applicability of this method was demonstrated by streamlined access to 2,2-disubstituted tetrahydroquinolines. Preliminary investigations support two parallel reductive photocatalytic cycles allowing for the denitrogenative alkylarylation or dialkylation of vinyl azides via decarboxylative radical addition followed by hetero-radical cross-coupling between α-amino radicals and aryl anion radicals or ketyl anion radicals.
The value of laboratory indicators estimation in patients with metabolically healthy obesity: analysis of a clinical case with literature review
Authors: Holubkina Yevheniia , Skokova Nataliia , Tykhonova Tetiana
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Obesity currently is a relevant issue of modern medicine due to its global prevalence, heterogeneity of clinical and laboratory manifestations, as well as the association with various comorbid conditions. Depending on the metabolic status, metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) are distinguished. MUO is defined with the presence of criteria for metabolic syndrome (MS) and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. MHO is characterized by a «metabolically healthy» profile, but the probability of a favorable course of the disease is controversial; many studies indicate the instability of the MHO phenotype and the possibility of further development of MUO. The aim of study: to analyze the features of laboratory indicators associated with MHO and determine the risk factors for the MUO development on the example of a clinical case. Materials and methods. A clinical case of 24 year old female patient diagnosed with alimentary-constitutional obesity class III. Objectively: height – 174 cm, weight – 124.7 kg, body mass index (BMI) – 41.21 kg/m2, waist circumference – 107 cm, hips circumference – 144 cm; white striae on the abdomen; excessive subcutaneous fat stores, mostly distributed in the abdomen, thighs; blood pressure (BP) – 125/80 mm Hg. Investigation data: hyperleptinemia – 86.82 ng/ml, increased level of HOMA index – 4.6, hyperuricemia – 6.8 mg/dl, vitamin D deficiency – 9.19 ng/ml; lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies, cortisol, blood electrolytes, liver function tests – within normal limits. Electrocardiography (ECG), ultrasound of the heart and abdominal organs – without pathology. Results. Normal indicators of lipid metabolism, blood glucose and BP measurement in our patient are characteristic for MHO. However, the combination of hyperleptinemia with insulin resistance, hyperuricemia and vitamin D3 deficiency indicate metabolic and hormonal imbalance and are considered as a risk factors for the development of MS and the further transition of MHO to MUO. Conclusion. MHO should be considered as a transient state, the management of such patients requires careful laboratory monitoring with early detection of metabolic disorders and its adequate and timely correction.