bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple, General Synthesis of Carbonimidic Dichlorides.
Authors: Gober Claire M. , Le Hoang V. , Ganem Bruce
Published: October 2012

The simple protocol allows a selective dichlorination at the nitrile carbon independent of the substitution pattern.
ChemInform Abstract: Intercepted Decarboxylative Allylations of Nitroalkanoates.
Authors: Schmitt Meghan , Grenning Alexander J. , Tunge Jon A.
Published: October 2012

It is demonstrated that Pd‐π‐allyl complexes derived from allyl nitronates can undergo decarboxylative allylation through Michael addition/Tsuji—Trost cascades and Tsuji—Trost/decarboxylative protonation.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Efficient PtO2‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Reductive Mono‐N‐Alkylation of Nitroarenes.
Authors: Sreedhar Bojja , Rawat Vikas S.
Published: October 2012

The reaction proceeds with a wide variety of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to give aromatic amines (III) and (V) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Addition Reaction of Allylzinc Bromide and Aldimines.
Authors: Zhang Yumei , Han Minghu , Yan Tingli
Published: October 2012

The procedure, leading to homoallylic amines (III), is environmentally benign, operationally simple and gives good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Multicomponent Coupling Reaction of Alkynes and Dimethylzinc Involving Allylnickelacycles.
Authors: Mori Takamichi , Nakamura Toshiyuki , Onodera Gen , Kimura Masanari
Published: October 2012

The process affords mixtures of E/Z‐isomeric alcohols or (E)‐configurated dicarboxylic esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Solvent‐Free Aminolysis of Epoxides under (C4H12N2)2 [BiCl6]Cl·H2O Catalysis.
Authors: Lu Hong‐Fei , Sun Lei‐Lei , Le Wen‐Jun , Yang Fei‐Fei , Zhou Jun‐Tao , Gao Yu‐Hua
Published: October 2012

It is demonstrated that BCA is an efficient catalyst for the ring‐opening of epoxides with various amines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Very Practical and Selective Method for PMB Protection of Alcohols.
Authors: Chavan Subhash P. , Harale Kishor R.
Published: October 2012

A practical one‐pot heterogeneous protocol for the p‐methoxy benzyl protection of alcohols using Amberlyst‐15 as a catalyst is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Acyl‐Transfer Reaction Between Benzyl Ketones and Thioesters: Synthesis of Unsymmetric Ketones by Ketones CO—C Bond Cleavage and Intermolecular Rearrangement.
Authors: Arisawa Mieko , Kuwajima Manabu , Toriyama Fumihiko , Li Guangzhe , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: October 2012

The desired products are obtained together with the esters which result from the acyl transfer (for example Ph‐CO‐S‐Me or Oct‐CO‐O‐Pcp).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Ring Opening of 1,3‐Diarylbenzo[c]heterocycles Using m‐CPBA: Preparation of 1,2‐Diaroylbenzenes.
Authors: Nandakumar Meganathan , Sivasakthikumaran Ramakrishnan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K.
Published: October 2012

The reaction proceeds at room temperature and tolerates a wide range or aromatic and heteroaromatic substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Esterification of Aryl Halides Using Aryl Formates Without the Use of External Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Fujihara Tetsuaki , Hosoki Tomoya , Katafuchi Yuko , Iwai Tomohiro , Terao Jun , Tsuji Yasushi
Published: October 2012

Aryl iodides are also suitable as starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Addition of Sodium Sulfinates with α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Chen Wen , Zhou Xianya , Xiao Fuhong , Luo Jiaying , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: October 2012

The optimized conditions allow the use of various sodium sulfinates as aryl source in C—C bond formation with α,β‐unsaturated ketones and aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of tetra‐Substituted Pyrroles, a Potential Phosphodiesterase 4B Inhibitor, Through Nickel(II) Chloride Hexahydrate Catalyzed One‐Pot Four‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Khan Abu T. , Lal Mohan , Bagdi Prasanta Ray , Basha R. Sidick , Saravanan Parameswaran , Patra Sanjukta
Published: October 2012

One‐pot four‐component condensation of β‐diketo compounds, aldehydes, amines, and nitroalkanes provides access to a wide variety of highly substituted pyrroles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Strategy for the Synthesis of 3‐(N‐Heteryl)pyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Golovkina Maria V. , Novikov Mikhail S. , Yufit Dmitry S.
Published: October 2012

Unknown pyridinium salts are generated with complete regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Arylideneamino‐2,2,2‐trichloroethanols as Synthetic Equivalents of Arylideneimines in the Reaction with Cyclopropenone Derivatives.
Authors: Lozinskaya N. A. , Sosonyuk S. E. , Firsova Yu. N. , Proskurnina M. V. , Zefirov N. S.
Published: October 2012

The title compounds (III) and (VII) react regiospecifically with cyclopropanones to give 2,2′‐diaryl‐tetrahydrobipyrrole‐3,3′‐dione derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Internal Lewis Acid Assisted Benzoic Acid Catalysis.
Authors: Auvil Tyler J. , Mattson Anita E.
Published: October 2012

Among various benzoic acid derivatives tested, BBA is found to be an efficient single hydrogen bond donor catalyst for the activation of nitroalkenes in 1,4‐addition reactions with NH‐indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling—Cyclization Reactions: Synthesis of 2‐Arylindoles.
Authors: Ponpandian Thanasekaran , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam
Published: October 2012

A novel methodology is developed for the synthesis of the title compounds and analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Construction of Nitrogen‐Containing Polycyclic Compounds with a Dearomatization Strategy.
Authors: Wang Linfei , Fan Renhua
Published: October 2012

The dearomatization of p‐substituted ortho‐alkynyl anilines gives rise to a cyclohexadienimine intermediate of type (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Effect Directed Au(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclic C2—H Bond Functionalization of 3‐Allenylindoles.
Authors: Chen Bo , Fan Wu , Chai Guobi , Ma Shengming
Published: October 2012

The electron‐withdrawing group in the allene moiety is crucial for the cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach of Utilizing Quaternized Chitosan as a Catalyst for the Eco‐Friendly Cycloaddition of Epoxides with CO2.
Authors: Tharun Jose , Hwang Yeseul , Roshan Roshith , Ahn Sohyun , Kathalikkattil Amal Cherian , Park Dae‐Won
Published: October 2012

Quaternized chitosan is used for the cycloaddition of allyl glycidyl ethers (I) with carbon dioxide under solvent‐free conditions giving cyclic carbonates in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrrolopyrazoles from Halogenated Pyrazolecarbaldehydes.
Authors: Nayak Maloy , Batchu Harikrishna , Batra Sanjay
Published: October 2012

Different types of halogenated pyrazoles can be used as substrates to produce the desired heterocyclic skeleton in comparable yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Protocol for the Preparation of 5‐Alkylidene and 5‐Imino Substituted Hydantoins from N,N′‐Disubstituted Parabanic Acids.
Authors: Uengoeren Sevket Hakan , Kani Ibrahim , Guenay Ahmet
Published: October 2012

The title transformation is based on Wittig and aza‐Wittig reaction of parabanic acid derivatives (I) and (IV) with phosphonium ylides.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation of Benzoxazole C—H Bonds with Iodobenzene Diacetates.
Authors: Yu Peng , Zhang Guangyou , Chen Fan , Cheng Jiang
Published: October 2012

A novel method is developed which tolerates various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Thermogravimetric Studies of 5‐Amino‐2‐ethoxycarbonylaminothiazoles.
Authors: Ray Sibdas , Ray Prabhat Kumar
Published: October 2012

Thermogravimetric experiments on compounds (I), (III), (IV), and (V) show elimination of EtOH from the ‐NH‐E substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Reformatsky Reaction Promoted by an Ionic Liquid ([Bmim]Cl) in the Synthesis of β‐Hydroxyl Ketone Derivatives Bearing a Coumarin Unit.
Authors: Zhao Bing , Fan Meng‐jiao , Liu Zhuo , Hu Li‐feng , Song Bo , Wang Li‐yan , Deng Qi‐gang
Published: October 2012

The ionic liquid can be reused at least five times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 3a,9a‐Dihydro‐1‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1‐cyclopenteno[5,4‐b]benzopyran‐4‐ones as Antifungal Agents.
Authors: Goel Richa , Sharma Vishal , Budhiraja Abhishek , Ishar Mohan Paul S.
Published: October 2012

Ten title compounds of type (III) are prepared by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction and tested as antifungal agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antitubercular Activity of 4‐Aryl/Alkylsulfonylmethylcoumarins as Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: Jeyachandran Malaichamy , Ramesh Penugonda , Sriram Dharmarajan , Senthilkumar Palaniappan , Yogeeswari Perumal
Published: October 2012

Eighteen title compounds of type (IV) are prepared and tested as inhibitors of the title species.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid System of Metal/Broensted Acid Relay Catalysis for the Intramolecular Double Hydroarylation and Cationic Cyclization of Diyne Diethers and Diamines.
Authors: Mo Juntae , Eom Dahan , Lee Euichul , Lee Phil Ho
Published: October 2012

Bichromenes (II), biquinolines (IV), mixed systems (VI) and dioxafluoranthenes (VIII) are generated in a rapid one‐pot reaction under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6H‐Dibenzo[b,d]pyran‐6‐one Derivatives via Coumarin‐Fused Cyclohexa‐1,3‐diene Intermediates.
Authors: Chen Chao‐Yue , Zhao Yong‐Sheng , Xiang Chang‐Bing , Huang Zhi‐Zhen
Published: October 2012

The Pechmann dehydration reaction of cyclohexanone derivatives with phenols yields coumarin‐fused cyclohexadiene intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Spirocyclization by Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Heck—Direct C—H Arylation Reactions: Synthesis of Spirodihydroquinolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Piou Tiffany , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping
Published: October 2012

The reaction involves 5‐exo‐trig Heck cyclization followed by an intramolecular C—H functionalization and creates 2 cycles and one quaternary center in one pot.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidant Effect of H2O2 for the Syntheses of Quinoline Derivatives via One‐Pot Reaction of Aniline and Aldehyde.
Authors: Guo Qiaoxia , Wang Wennian , Teng Weiling , Chen Liwei , Wang Yanqing , Shen Baojian
Published: October 2012

A Lewis acid catalyzed quinoline synthesis under notably mild conditions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 4‐Alkoxycarbonyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Okuro Kazumi , Alper Howard
Published: October 2012

The process involves Mannich addition, cyclocarbonylation and decarboxylation to produce the biologically important isoquinoline structures as exclusive trans isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: A CuBr‐mediated Aerobic Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes and Primary Amines: Synthesis of 4‐Bromoisoquinolones.
Authors: Too Pei Chui , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: October 2012

A novel method is elaborated for the preparation of 4‐bromoisoquinolones (III) and (V) by copper‐mediated reaction of aldehydes (I) and (IV) with amines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Mediated Cascade Oxidative C—C Coupling and Aromatization: Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxyphenanthridinone Derivatives.
Authors: Yu Qingzhen , Zhang Nan , Tang Yang , Lu Hang , Huang Jianhui , Wang Songqing , Du Yunfei , Zhao Kang
Published: October 2012

Optimized conditions using air as the terminal oxidant are elaborated to prepare the biologically interesting phenanthridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Annulation of Malonic Diamides: A Concise Synthesis of Polycyclic Pyrroloindolines
Authors: Fan Feng , Xie Weiqing , Ma Dawei
Published: October 2012

20 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 3,3‐Diaminoacrylic Acid Derivatives with o‐Haloarenecarbonitriles. Synthesis of Fused Azines.
Authors: Igumnova E. M. , Selivanov S. I. , Dar'in D. V. , Lobanov P. S.
Published: October 2012

Reactions of diaminoacrylic acid derivatives (I) with (het)aromatic nitriles containing a labile halogen atom in the o‐position provides access to fused diaminoazides via the intermediacy of the chlorine substitution products.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 5,7‐Dichloro‐1,6‐naphthyridine.
Authors: Ali Iftikhar , Hassan Zahid , Hein Martin , Falodun Abiodun , Patonay Tamas , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: October 2012

Site‐selective Suzuki—Miyaura reactions of starting compound (I) with arylboronic acid allow the synthesis of mono‐ and diarylated derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dihydrobenzoimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Wu Ming‐Hao , Chen Yeh‐Long
Published: October 2012

A facile one‐pot tandem condensation/hydroamination reaction of 2‐allylbenzaldehydes with 1,2‐diaminobenzenes affords the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Application of a Cross‐Metathesis and Intramolecular Aza‐Diels—Alder Sequence to the Synthesis of trans‐2,3‐Disubstituted Tetrahydroquinolines.
Authors: Feuillastre Sophie , Pellet Vincent , Piva Olivier
Published: October 2012

The second step in the sequence includes the intramolecular Diels—Alder reaction of an aza‐quinodimethane unit with the unsaturated side chain to produce the target compounds as single trans‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Oxodiazonium Ions. Part 3. Synthesis of [1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4‐c]cinnoline‐1,5‐dioxides
Authors: Zelenov V. P. , Voronin A. A. , Churakov A. M. , Klenov M. S. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Tartakovsky V. A.
Published: October 2012

via reaction of 4‐(N‐nitramino)‐3‐phenylfuroxane with an Ac2O/H2SO4 system
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Uracils: Pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines and 1,4‐Bis(pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidinyl)benzenes by Domino Knoevenagel/Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Palasz Aleksandra
Published: October 2012

Novel fused uracils (IV/V) and (VIII) are synthesized by domino Knoevenagel/Diels—Alder reaction between barbituric acids, aromatic aldehydes and alkyl vinyl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazol‐4‐yl‐methylthio‐3‐arylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Koohshari Majid , Dabiri Minoo , Salehi Peyman , Bahramnejad Mahboobeh
Published: October 2012

A novel Cu‐catalyzed three component reaction of thioxoquinazolinones (I) with propargyl bromide (II) and azides (III) is applied to the synthesis of title compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 4(1H)‐Quinazolinones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhang Mei , Cao Shengli , Lin Huihui , Gao Man , Li Zhongfeng
Published: October 2012

The process which leads to quinazolinones (III) has the advantages of readily available starting materials, mild conditions, simple work‐up procedure and good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐4,7‐dihydrotetrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Li Tuan‐Jie , Yao Chang‐Sheng , Yu Chen‐Xia , Wang Xiang‐Shan , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: October 2012

The three‐component process has the advantages of short synthetic route, operational simplicity, good yields, eco‐friendliness and the recyclability of the ionic liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: General Synthetic Approach to 2‐Phenolic Adenine Derivatives.
Authors: Correira Carla , Carvalho M. Alice , Rocha Ashly , Proenca M. Fernanda
Published: October 2012

A simple one‐pot protocol is presented for the synthesis of 2,9‐diarylpurines from imidazoles (I) and phenolic aldehydes by means of imine formation followed by cyclization and oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Short Synthesis of Enantiopure trans‐3‐Arylpiperazine‐2‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives via Diaza‐Cope Rearrangement.
Authors: Kwon Soon Ho , Lee Sang Min , Byun Sang Moon , Chin Jik , Kim B. Moon
Published: October 2012

The heterodimeric diimines are formed together with up to 13% homodimeric diimines bearing either 2 aryl or 2 cinnamaldehyde moieties.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Friedlander Reactions: A Route to Novel Quinoxaline‐Based Heterocycles.
Authors: Shoker Tharallah A. , Ghattass Khaled I. , Fettinger James C. , Kurth Mark J. , Haddadin Makhluf J.
Published: October 2012

The method allows the preparation of different types of polycyclic N‐heterocyclic systems which may be important in medicinal chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,3‐Oxazine Derivatives Catalyzed by BF3—SiO2 under Neat Conditions.
Authors: Reddy Mudumala Veeranarayana , Lim Kwon Taek , Kim Jong Tae , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: October 2012

An efficient and eco‐friendly three‐component reaction of naphthol (I) with formaldehyde and primary amines is achieved in the presence of reusable BF3—SiO2 catalyst under ultrasonication.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound and Microwave Assisted Rapid and Sustainable Route to Synthesis of Benzothiazine Derivatives.
Authors: Dabholkar Vijay V. , Gavande Rahul P.
Published: October 2012

A variety of new benzothiazine derivatives is synthesized by ultrasound and microwave reactions of hydrazide (V) with 1,3‐diketo compounds containing active methylene groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of 10H‐Phenothiazines, Their Sulfones and Ribofuranosides.
Authors: Gautam Naveen , Gupta Shikha , Ajmera Neha , Gautam D. C.
Published: October 2012

As demonstrated for derivatives (III), (IV) and (VI), a variety of phenothiazine derivatives is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Pyrimidone Derivatives and Single‐Crystal Characterization of Pymetrozine.
Authors: Wang Baozhu , Ke Shaoyong , Kishore Babu , Xu Xiaoyong , Zhou Zhuyan , Li Zhong
Published: October 2012

All products are purified by recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Oxodiazonium Ions. Part 2. Synthesis of Benzotetrazine‐1,3‐dioxides from 2‐(tert‐Butyl‐NNO‐azoxy)‐N‐nitroanilines.
Authors: Klenov M. S. , Zelenov V. P. , Churakov A. M. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Tartakovsky V. A.
Published: October 2012

An Ac2O/H2SO4 system is used for the synthesis of benzotetrazine‐1,3‐dioxide (II) and [1,2,5‐]oxadiazolo[3,4‐c]cinnoline‐5‐oxide (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Oxodiazonium Ions. Part 4. Nitramine O‐Alkyl Derivatives in the Synthesis of Benzotetrazine‐1,3‐dioxides.
Authors: Klenov M. S. , Churakov A. M. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Tartakovsky V. A.
Published: October 2012

A new method for the synthesis of benzotetrazinedioxides is developed using the cyclization of nitramine O‐alkyl derivatives (III) upon action of strong acids such as H2SO4, MeSOH, TFA or BF3·OEt2.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Two‐Step Cascade Synthesis of Quinazolinotriazolobenzodiazepines.
Authors: Guggenheim Kathryn G. , Toru Hannah , Kurth Mark J.
Published: October 2012

The starting materials are prepared in one step from commercial reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of 9‐Alkoxy‐6,7‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[c][1,2,4]triazolo [4,3‐a]azepin‐3(5H)‐ones.
Authors: Piao Feng‐Yu , Wei Cheng‐Xi , Han Rong‐Bi , Zhang Wen‐Bin , Zhang Wei , Jiang Ri‐Shan
Published: October 2012

Derivative (IIIe) exhibits a strong anticonvulsant activity and antagonistic activity against seizures induced by PTZ.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Seven‐ and Eight‐Membered Ring Sultams via Two Tandem Reaction Protocols from One Starting Material.
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Yanjie , Qi Yueyong , Xia Guohua , Tong Kun , Tu Jinchang , Pittman Charles U. Jr. , Zhou Aihua
Published: October 2012

The cyclic sulfonamide scaffolds are building blocks of important biologically active compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 3‐Methoxy‐2‐methylphenol with 2‐Ethoxyvinylphosphonic Dichloride
Authors: Sadykova Yu. M. , Dalmatova N. V. , Burilov A. R. , Pudovik M. A. , Dobrynin A. B.
Published: October 2012

formation of bicyclic phosphonates (III) as major or sole products
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Advantageneous Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐Allyl Phosphonates Starting from Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Bhunia Nisith , Damodar Kongara
Published: October 2012

Iron‐catalyzed reaction of Baylis—Hillman adducts with trialkyl phosphites provides an efficient access towards allyl phosphonates (III) with exclusive (Z)‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of 2‐Chloro‐1,3,2‐dioxaarsolane and 1,2‐Bis(1,3,2‐dioxaarsolan‐2‐yloxy)ethane.
Authors: Kutkin A. V. , Semenova V. A. , Sizov I. I. , Sukhotskaya S. A. , Kondratenko S. M. , Kostikova N. A. , Korol'kov M. V.
Published: October 2012

Title compounds (II) and (III) are synthesized starting from ethylene glycol (I) using different amounts of AsCl3.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐Arylamino‐1,3,4‐selenadiazol‐2(3H)‐ones from Arylisoselenocyanates.
Authors: Xie Yuanyuan , Yang Ping , Chen Xiaodong
Published: October 2012

A one‐pot two‐step reaction of aryl(alkyl)isoselenocyanates with hydrazine derivatives and bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate provides an efficient access towards title selenadiazolones (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Triethylammonium 4‐Aryl(hetaryl) ‐3,5‐dicyano‐6‐oxo‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐2‐selenolates.
Authors: Frolov K. A. , Dotsenko V. V. , Krivokolysko S. G. , Litvinov V. P.
Published: October 2012

The base‐mediated three‐component reaction of cyanoacetylpyrazole (I) with (het)aromatic aldehydes and cyanoselenoacetamide (III) affords the title pyridineselenolates as mixture of cis/trans‐diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Separable CuFe2O4 Nanoparticle Catalyzed C—Se Cross Coupling in Reusable PEG Medium.
Authors: Reddy K. Harsha Vardhan , Satish G. , Ramesh K. , Karnakar K. , Nageswar Y. V. D.
Published: October 2012

Unsymmetrical diaryl selenides (III) are obtained on arylation of phenylselenyl bromide.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,6‐Bis(chloromethyl)‐1,4‐diselenane.
Authors: Potapov V. A. , Amosova S. V. , Volkova K. A. , Musalov M. V. , Albanov A. I.
Published: October 2012

The reaction of diallyl selenide with selenium dichloride is chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective and affords the hitherto unknown diselenane (II) in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Laxiflorin J Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Liu Jing‐Ping , Zhang Hong‐Bin , Huang Sheng‐Xiong , Pu Jian‐Xin , Xiao Wei‐Lie , Zhang Xue‐Ping , Xiao Wen‐Ding , Lei Chun , Sun Han‐Dong
Published: October 2012

A series of ethereal derivatives of laxiflorin J (I) is synthesized and screened for in vitro activity against several tumor cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpene Lactone Glycosides from the Roots of Ferula varia.
Authors: Kurimoto Shin‐ichiro , Suzuki Kyoko , Okasaka Mamoru , Kashiwada Yoshiki , Kodzhimatov Olimjion Kakhkharovich , Takaishi Yoshihisa
Published: October 2012

isolation and structure elucidation of seven new sesquiterpene lactone glycosides (I)‐(V)
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Peptide Synthesis Using Unprotected α‐Amino Acids Containing Another Hydrophilic Moiety under Basic Conditions.
Authors: Noguchi Takuya , Jung Seunghee , Imai Nobuyuki
Published: October 2012

Phenylalanine reacts effectively with unprotected α‐amino acids (II) containing an additional hydrophilic moiety under basic conditions via activation by ethyl chloroformate and triethylamine to afford the corresponding dipeptides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Homotaurine and 1‐Substituted Homotaurines from α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles.
Authors: Ma Yunhai , Xu Jiaxi
Published: October 2012

Homotaurine (VI) and 1‐substituted derivatives (VII) are prepared by Michael addition of thioacetic acid to α,β‐unsaturated nitriles followed by reduction and oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to Pyrano[3,2‐a]carbazole Ring Systems and Annulated Derivatives Thereof.
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shital K. , Ghosh Debalina , Mondal Poulomi , Ghosh Sanjay K.
Published: October 2012

A successful application of the Claisen rearrangement/isomerization/ring closing enyne metathesis for the preparation of the title skeleton is described.
ChemInform Abstract: New Indole Alkaloids from Melodinus henryi.
Authors: Kitajima Mariko , Ohara Satoko , Kogure Noriyuki , Wu Yuqiu , Zhang Rongping , Takayama Hiromitsu
Published: October 2012

isolation and structure elucidation of melodinoxanine (I) and Nb‐methylnortetraphyllicine (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Four New Dilignans from the Roots of Wikstroemia indica
Authors: Wang Guo‐Cai , Zhang Xiao‐Li , Wang Yi‐Fei , Li Guo‐Qiang , Ye Wen‐Cai , Li Yao‐Lan
Published: October 2012

isolation, structural elucidation and in vitro anti‐RSV activity of new dilignans (I)—(IV)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pacidamycin Analogues via an Ugi‐Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Okamoto Kazuya , Sakagami Masahiro , Feng Fei , Takahashi Fumiyo , Uotani Kouichi , Togame Hiroko , Takemoto Hiroshi , Ichikawa Satoshi , Matsuda Akira
Published: October 2012

The four‐component Ugi‐reaction of (I), (II), (III), and (IV) is the key step in the synthesis of 3‐hydroxypacidamycin D (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Aurone Constituents from the Flowers of Rosa rugosa and Their Biological Activities.
Authors: Gao Xuemei , Yang Liying , Shu Lidang , Shen Yanqiong , Zhang Yinjie , Hu Qiufen
Published: October 2012

Three new aurones, namely rugaurones A (Ia), B (Ib) and C (Ic), are isolated and elucidated.
ChemInform Abstract: Complex Ammine Titanium(III) Borohydrides as Advanced Solid Hydrogen‐Storage Materials with Favorable Dehydrogenation Properties.
Authors: Yuan Feng , Gu Qinfen , Chen Xiaowei , Tan Yingbin , Guo Yanhui , Yu Xuebin
Published: October 2012

Ti(BH4)3·5NH3 (I), Li2(BH4)5·5NH3 (II), and Ti(BH4)3·3NH3 (III) are synthesized via metathesis reactions by ball milling mixtures of TiCl3·5NH3 or TiCl3·3NH3 and LiBH4 in the ratios of 1:3, 1:5, and 1:3, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: The State of Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Jones Kevin S. , Rudawski Nicholas G. , Oladeji Isaiah , Pitts Roland , Fox Richard
Published: October 2012

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polar and Nonpolar Phases of BiMO3: A Review
Authors: Belik Alexei A.
Published: October 2012

Review: recent experimental and theoretical results on BiMO3 with M: Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, In, and Rh; 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bonding Between Strongly Repulsive Metal Atoms: An Oxymoron Made Real in a Confined Space of Endohedral Metallofullerenes
Authors: Popov Alexey A. , Avdoshenko Stas M. , Pendas Angel Martin , Dunsch Lothar
Published: October 2012

Review: 187 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Isocyanides—Synthesis and Reactions
Authors: Moderhack Dietrich
Published: October 2012

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: para‐Connected Cyclophenylenes and Hemispherical Polyarenes: Building Blocks for Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes?
Authors: Bunz Uwe H. F. , Menning Sebastian , Martin Nazario
Published: October 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Organic Materials Based on Polymerized Liquid Crystal Monomers: Supramolecular Hydrogen‐Bonded Systems
Authors: Broer Dirk J. , Bastiaansen Cees M. W. , Debije Michael G. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J.
Published: October 2012

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrene Chemistry in Organic Synthesis: Still in Its Infancy?
Authors: Dequirez Geoffroy , Pons Valerie , Dauban Philippe
Published: October 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Class of Tunable Cyclopropanation Reagents (RXZnCH2Y) and Their Synthetic Applications
Authors: Cornwall Richard G. , Wong O. Andrea , Du Haifeng , Ramirez Thomas A. , Shi Yian
Published: October 2012

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Dibromotetrafluoroethane (Freon 114B2) as a Building Block for Fluorine Compounds
Authors: Dmowski Wojciech
Published: October 2012

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advancing Tetrazine Bioorthogonal Reactions Through the Development of New Synthetic Tools
Authors: Devaraj Neal K.
Published: October 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Potential of Configurationally Unstable Chiral Carbanions
Authors: Sasaki Michiko , Takeda Kei
Published: October 2012

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Application of [Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA) in the Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Tellitu Imanol , Dominguez Esther
Published: October 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Unified Access to Diverse Heteroaromatic Scaffolds Using the Radical Chemistry of Xanthates
Authors: El Qacemi Myriem , Petit Laurent , Quiclet‐Sire Beatrice , Zard Samir Z.
Published: October 2012

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide and Peptidomimetic Ligands for CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4)
Authors: Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka
Published: October 2012

Review: about 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Coordination Polymers to Hierarchical Self‐Assembled Structures
Authors: Yan Yun , de Keizer Arie , Stuart Martien A. Cohen , Besseling Nicolaas A. M.
Published: October 2012

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surfactant‐Encapsulated Polyoxometalate Building Blocks: Controlled Assembly and Their Catalytic Properties
Authors: Nisar Amjad , Wang Xun
Published: October 2012

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Pd—NHC‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions
Authors: Kundig E. Peter , Jia Yixia , Katayev Dmitry , Nakanishi Masafumi
Published: October 2012

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Toward the Total Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Pyranonaphthoquinones from Ventilago harmandiana
Authors: Kongsriprapan Sopanat , Kuhakarn Chutima , Deelertpaiboon Pramchai , Panthong Kanda , Tuchinda Patoomratana , Pohmakotr Manat , Reutrakul Vichai
Published: October 2012

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Myxobacteria Metabolites
Authors: Birkett Stephen L. , Loits Darran A. , Wimala Samantha , Rizzacasa Mark A.
Published: October 2012

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitution
Authors: Milhau Ludovic , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: October 2012

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution
Authors: Poli Giovanni , Prestat Guillaume , Liron Frederic , Kammerer‐Pentier Claire
Published: October 2012

Review: 246 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Supramolecular Devices in the Gas Phase — Resorcin[4]arene as a Model System
Authors: Fraschetti Caterina , Letzel Matthias C. , Filippi Antonello , Speranza Maurizio , Mattay Jochen
Published: October 2012

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Calixarene‐Based Supramolecular Polymerization in Solution
Authors: Guo Dong‐Sheng , Liu Yu
Published: October 2012

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Reactivity in Liquid Ammonia
Authors: Ji Pengju , Atherton John , Page Michael I.
Published: October 2012

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Function of Noncanonical Nucleobases
Authors: Carell Thomas , Brandmayr Caterina , Hienzsch Antje , Mueller Markus , Pearson David , Reiter Veronika , Thoma Ines , Thumbs Peter , Wagner Mirko
Published: October 2012

Review: about 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Smart Self‐Assembled Hybrid Hydrogel Biomaterials
Authors: Kopecek Jindrich , Yang Jiyuan
Published: October 2012

Review: 259 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Supramolecular Building Blocks: From Virus Coat Proteins to Viral Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Zhi , Qiao Jing , Niu Zhongwei , Wang Qian
Published: October 2012

Review: 178 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocompatible or Biodegradable Hyperbranched Polymers: From Self‐Assembly to Cytomimetic Applications
Authors: Jin Haibao , Huang Wei , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhou Yongfeng , Yan Deyue
Published: October 2012

Review: about 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly for Rapid Fabrication of Thick Polymeric Films
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Xu , Sun Junqi
Published: October 2012

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Properties of Functional Nanotubes from the Self‐Assembly of Cyclic Peptide Templates
Authors: Chapman Robert , Danial Maarten , Koh Ming Liang , Jolliffe Katrina A. , Perrier Sebastien
Published: October 2012

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: “Frustrated Lewis Pair” Hydrogenations
Authors: Stephan Douglas W.
Published: October 2012

Review: 40 refs.
Functionalized Magnetizable Particles for Downstream Processing in Single‐Use Systems
Authors: Tippkötter Nils , Al‐Kaidy Huschyar , Wollny Steffen , Ulber Roland
Published: October 2012

Biotechnological downstream processing is usually an elaborate procedure, requiring a multitude of unit operations to isolate the target component. Besides the disadvantageous space‐time yield, the risks of cross‐contaminations and product loss grow fast with the complexity of the isolation procedure. A significant reduction of unit operations can be achieved by application of magnetic particles, especially if these are functionalized with affinity ligands. As magnetic susceptible materials are highly uncommon in biotechnological processes, target binding and selective separation of such particles from fermentation or reactions broths can be done in a single step. Since the magnetizable particles can be produced from iron salts and low priced polymers, a single‐use implementation of these systems is highly conceivable. In this article, the principles of magnetizable particles, their synthesis and functionalization are explained. Furthermore, applications in the area of reaction engineering, microfluidics and downstream processing are discussed focusing on established single‐use technologies and development potential.
A Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescence Chemosensor for Cu2+ and Zn2+ Based on Solvent Effect
Authors: Huang Xiaobo , Miao Qian , Wang Lu , Jiao Jieming , He Xianjing , Cheng Yixiang
Published: October 2012

A novel fluorescence chemosensor 1 based on (R)‐binaphthyl‐salen can exhibit highly sensitive and selective recognition responses toward Cu2+ by "turn‐off" fluorescence quench type in THF/H2O, and Zn2+ by "turn‐on" fluorescence enhancement type in CHCl3/CH3CN, respectively, suggesting that solvents can dramatically affect the responsive properties of salen‐based chemosensor. In addition, Cu2+ can lead to the most pronounced changes of CD spectra without the influence of solvents, which indicates this kind chemosensor can also be used as a sole Cu2+ probe based on CD spectra.
Aqueous‐Phase, Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction: The Significant Role of CN‐containing Counter Anion
Authors: Cai Yueqin , Song Gonghua , Zhou Xiaoying
Published: October 2012

Water‐soluble diol‐functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid 1, prepared from 2,2‐bis(1‐methyl‐methyl‐imidazolium)propane‐1,3‐diol bromide, potassium hydroxide, and malononitrile, was used as an efficient phosphine‐free ligand for palladium‐catalyzed arylation of aryl halides with acrylates in aqueous phase under mild conditions. It was found that the synergistic coordinating action of diol‐functionalized imidazolium cation with CN‐containing anion played the key role in improving the activity and stability of the catalyst.
Modeling sample/patient‐specific structural and diffusional responses of cartilage using DT‐MRI
Authors: Pierce D. M. , Ricken T. , Holzapfel G. A.
Published: October 2012

We propose a new 3D biphasic constitutive model designed to incorporate structural data on the sample/patient‐specific collagen fiber network. The finite strain model focuses on the load‐bearing morphology, that is, an incompressible, poroelastic solid matrix, reinforced by an inhomogeneous, dispersed fiber fabric, saturated with an incompressible fluid at constant electrolytic conditions residing in strain‐dependent pores of the collagen–proteoglycan solid matrix. In addition, the fiber network of the solid influences the fluid permeability and an intrafibrillar portion that cannot be ‘squeezed out’ from the tissue. We implement the model into a finite element code. To demonstrate the utility of our proposed modeling approach, we test two hypotheses by simulating an indentation experiment for a human tissue sample. The simulations use ultra‐high field diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging that was performed on the tissue sample. We test the following hypotheses: (i) the through‐thickness structural arrangement of the collagen fiber network adjusts fluid permeation to maintain fluid pressure (Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. 7:367–378, 2008); and (ii) the inhomogeneity of mechanical properties through the cartilage thickness acts to maintain fluid pressure at the articular surface (J. Biomech. Eng. 125:569–577, 2003). For the tissue sample investigated, both through‐thickness inhomogeneities of the collagen fiber distribution and of the material properties serve to influence the interstitial fluid pressure distribution and maintain fluid pressure underneath the indenter at the cartilage surface. Tissue inhomogeneity appears to have a larger effect on fluid pressure retention in this tissue sample and on the advantageous pressure distribution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopic Evidence for Polymorphic Aggregates Formed by Amyloid‐β Fragments
Authors: Guo Yangmei , Wang Jianping
Published: October 2012

Understanding the structure of amyloid‐β (Aβ) aggregates is a key step towards elucidating the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. In this work, three fragments of the Aβ1–42 protein, Aβ1–25 (DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVG), Aβ25–35 (GSNKGAIIGLM), and Aβ33–42 (GLMVGGVVIA), were synthesized, and their aggregated structures were examined by linear infrared spectroscopy in the amide‐I (mainly the CO stretching) region. The structures of the formed aggregates were found to be both sequence and pH dependent. The results suggest that instead of forming matured fibrils, as in the case of full‐length Aβ1–42, both Aβ1–25 and Aβ33–42 form a mixture of threadlike β‐sheet fibril, soluble β‐sheet oligomer, and random coil structures. The β‐sheet conformations were found to be mainly antiparallel for the former and both parallel and antiparallel for the latter. However, the Aβ25–35 fragment was found to form assembled fibrils containing predominantly parallel β‐sheets. The conformation and morphology of the aggregates were also confirmed by circular dichroism measurements and transmission electron microscopy. Factors influencing the structures of the aggregates formed by the Aβ fragments were discussed.
Ionization‐Induced Solvent Migration in Acetanilide‐Methanol Clusters Inferred from Isomer‐Selective Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Weiler Martin , Nakamura Takashi , Sekiya Hiroshi , Dopfer Otto , Miyazaki Mitsuhiko , Fujii Masaaki
Published: October 2012

We present the resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization, infrared‐ultraviolet hole burning (IR‐UV HB), and IR dip spectra of the trans‐acetanilide–methanol (AA–MeOH) cluster in the S0, S1, and cationic ground state (D0) in a supersonic jet. The IR‐UV HB spectra demonstrate the co‐existence of two isomers in S0,1, in which MeOH binds either to the NH or the CO site of the peptide linkage in AA, denoted as AA(NH)–MeOH and AA(CO)–MeOH. When AA(CO)–MeOH is selectively ionized, its IR spectrum in D0 is the same as that measured for AA+(NH)–MeOH. Thus, photoionization of AA(CO)–MeOH induces migration of MeOH from the CO to the NH site with 100% yield.
New detection algorithms based on the jointly Gaussian approach and successive interference cancelation for iterative MIMO systems
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhong Jie , Cai Yunlong , Zhao Minjian , Zhang Wenyan
Published: October 2012

A new detection algorithm based on the jointly Gaussian approach (JGA) and successive interference cancelation (SIC), named the SIC‐JGA algorithm, is proposed for iterative MIMO systems. Both the a priori symbol estimates of the undetected layers and the a posteriori symbol estimates of the previously detected layers are used in the SIC process. To reduce the complexity of covariance matrix inversion in the proposed algorithm, simplified algorithms named S‐SIC‐JGA are investigated for both the single path and multipath block fading channels under M Phase Shift Keying modulations. A detailed complexity analysis is presented for both the SIC‐JGA and S‐SIC‐JGA algorithms. Numerical results exhibit that the system using the SIC‐JGA algorithm outperforms the JGA algorithm, with an additional complexity for determining the detection order of SIC. The S‐SIC‐JGA algorithm has a much lower complexity compared with the SIC‐JGA algorithm while experiencing an acceptable system performance degradation. Proper detection algorithms can be chosen in different iterations to balance the system performance and the detection complexity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An authentication and key agreement protocol for satellite communications
Authors: Chang Chin‐Chen , Cheng Ting‐Fang , Wu Hsiao‐Ling
Published: October 2012

In 2009 and 2011, Chen et al. and Lasc et al. proposed two separate authentication schemes for mobile satellite communication systems. Unfortunately, their schemes are unable to protect security in the event of smart card loss. In this paper, we propose a novel version that resists common malicious attacks and improves both the schemes of Chen et al. and Lasc et al. The security of our scheme is based on the discrete logarithm problem and one‐way hash function. A nonce mechanism is also applied to prevent replay attack. Furthermore, our scheme is more efficient than related schemes and thus more suitable for being implemented in satellite communication systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular IP address provisioning in a heterogeneous wireless network
Authors: Khair Mazen G. , Kantarci Burak , Mouftah Hussein T.
Published: October 2012

In this article, we propose a dynamic Internet Protocol (IP) address assignment architecture for heterogeneous wireless IP devices network. The IP device could be a sensor device, a laptop, a cell phone, or any wireless device using IP communications. The proposed architecture introduces security and service reliability to the consumer while reducing the operational expenditure for the service providers. According to the proposed scheme, each node maintains an IP address pool storing the current occupancy of each IP address. Each node advertises its database whenever the ratio of negative acknowledgments from the domain name server to the total number of requests at a given node exceeds a certain threshold. We evaluate our IP assignment scheme under two traffic intensity scenarios, namely the uniform traffic intensity and the heterogeneous traffic intensity. Performance evaluation is carried out with respect to blocking probability and average IP list utilization. We define three types of blocking probability for the user requests as follows: The real blocking, the unjustified acceptance, and the unjustified rejection. We observe that the proposed scheme outperforms the uniform assignment as long as the threshold is below 1.5% for the uniform intensity scenario and 1% for the heterogeneous scenario. Furthermore, this architecture considers the security aspect of the wireless network by allowing only registered devices to communicate with other registered devices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of a conditional mouse model to target Acvr1b disruption in adult tissues
Authors: Ripoche Doriane , Gout Johann , Pommier Roxane M. , Jaafar Rami , Zhang Chang X. , Bartholin Laurent , Bertolino Philippe
Published: October 2012

Alk4 is a type I receptor that belongs to the transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) family. It takes part in the signaling of TGF‐β ligands such as Activins, Gdfs, and Nodal that had been demonstrated to participate in numerous mechanisms ranging from early embryonic development to adult‐tissue homeostasis. Evidences indicate that Alk4 is a key regulator of many embryonic processes, but little is known about its signaling in adult tissues and in pathological conditions where Alk4 mutations had been reported. Conventional deletion of Alk4 gene (Acvr1b) results in early embryonic lethality prior gastrulation, which has precluded study of Alk4 functions in postnatal and adult mice. To circumvent this problem, we have generated a conditional Acvr1b floxed‐allele by flanking the fifth and sixth exons of the Acvr1b gene with loxP sites. Cre‐mediated deletion of the floxed allele generates a deleted allele, which behaves as an Acvr1b null allele leading to embryonic lethality in homozygous mutant animals. A tamoxifen‐inducible approach to target disruption of Acvr1b specifically in adult tissues was used and proved to be efficient for studying Alk4 functions in various organs. We report, therefore, a novel conditional model allowing investigation of biological role played by Alk4 in a variety of tissue‐specific contexts. genesis 51:120–127, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in 20th century global rainfall interception as simulated by a dynamic global vegetation model: implications for global water resources
Authors: Murray S. J.
Published: October 2012

The Land‐surface Processes and eXchanges Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (LPX‐DGVM, one of several developments of the Lund–Potsdam–Jena (LPJ) model) is evaluated in terms of its interception component and used to simulate trends in 20th century global relative throughfall from natural vegetation. Mean global annual runoff is estimated to have been reduced by 163 ± 19 km3 year−1 between 1901 and 2006 as a result of biophysical changes controlling throughfall generation. Widespread decreases in relative throughfall of up to −1% are evident between the periods 1901–1953 and 1954–2006, while changes of up to −15% are shown in parts of North America and East Asia. Areas of simulated decrease in relative throughfall often lie in close proximity to areas of increase, reflecting the effects of vegetation shifts.

It is shown that simulated global absolute throughfall has generally increased (because of increasing precipitation) during the studied period, but the curtailing of runoff caused by decreased relative throughfall (as a result of increased fractional plant coverage and possible vegetation shifts) has caused a slight exacerbation of water stress in some regions (including parts of East Asia, North America and the tropics) and increased water supplies in others (for example, other parts of the tropics and northern Russia). This study offers an initial insight into an often overlooked product of climate‐induced vegetation changes and attempts to quantify how these responses may contribute to influencing the global freshwater budget and global water resources. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure Determination of γ‐Brass‐Related Composite Structures in the Ni–Zn System: A Guided Tour by a (3+1)‐Dimensional Space Description
Authors: Jana Partha Pratim , Lidin Sven
Published: October 2012

Three incommensurately modulated γ‐brass‐related composite structures in the Ni–Zn system have been solved from X‐ray single crystal diffraction data using a 3+1 dimensional super space description. The compounds at the end points of the compositional domain NiZn3–δ (–0.09 ≤ δ ≤ 0.34) and NiZn3.30 crystallize in the orthorhombic superspace group Fmmm(α00)0s0 {F = [(1/2, 1/2, 0, 0); (1/2, 0, 1/2, 0); (0, 1/2, 1/2, 0)]} with the following fundamental cell dimensions a = 4.165(1) Å, b = 8.883(2) Å, c = 12.545(3) Å, q ≈ 0.6311a*; a = 4.161(2) Å, b = 8.876(3) Å, c = 12.535(4) Å, q ≈ 0.6314a* and a = 4.177(2) Å, b = 8.899(1) Å, c = 12.570(2) Å, q ≈ 0.6378a*.
Biologically Active Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Metallocene Triazoles: Characterization, Electrochemistry, Lipophilicity, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Maschke Marcus , Lieb Max , Metzler‐Nolte Nils
Published: October 2012

We report the facile synthesis of four different trifluoromethylated metallocene triazoles and their biological evaluation (M = Fe and Ru). The cytotoxicity of all compounds was evaluated using MCF‐7, HT‐29, PT‐45 and GM5657 cells and IC50 values as low as 33 μM were found. It was shown that the metallocene moiety is crucial for the cytotoxic effect. The electrochemical behavior of triazoles 3–6 was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. These electrochemical measurements revealed that all triazoles are less prone to oxidation than ferrocene. Moreover, Log P determination by RP‐HPLC showed increased lipophilicity for the fluorinated derivatives with Log P values up to 3.8. Furthermore, successful bioconjugation could be achieved by coupling triazole 7 to the amino acid L‐leucine.