bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of compost made of sheep manure on the first cut of a semi-natural grassland
Authors: Díaz Fernández Daniel , Csízi István
Published: April 2019

In an experiment, two types of compost were tested on natural grassland in order to improve the productivity of a natural sward on solonetz soil. Both composts were made of on-farm produced sheep manure, but the second one was enriched in phosphorus. These fertilizers/composts are officially authorized and can be applied in organic farming. Zero application and three rates of fertilizer were tested (10 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1, 30 t ha-1) on 30 m2 experimental plots wit four replications. Dry matter, crude protein and net energy content for maintenance were measured and determined and their yields per unit area were calculated. We found that all the treated plots produced significantly higher yield than the control ones, and in some cases the yields were almost three times higher. However, the optimal compost dose varied, depending on the examined parameter. Based on the evaluation of the experiment results along with rainfall data, it was concluded that, with higher precipitation, the positive effect of the compost application was bigger. The difference between the natural and enriched compost is remarkable, but it has to be mentioned that even the natural compost showed good results; therefore, it is also effective in improving the fertility of grassland.
Testing laboratory parameters of compost tea
Authors: Gorliczay Edit , Pecsmán Dénes , Tamás János
Published: April 2019

During the industrial production of broiler chicken, a large amount of manure is produced, of which easily contained nitrogen content (without pre-treatment) is released into the atmosphere as an air pollutant. In our experiments, we aimed to prepare compost tea, also known as water extract of compost, from pre-treated poultry manure in order to create a product can be utilized as liquid nutrient supply. The poultry manure source was the Baromfi-Coop Ltd. located in Nyírjákó, Hungary, where it was treated by composting. As a result of this pre-treatment of the poultry manure, its nutrient parameters improve and nitrogen is present in a form that is better utilized for plants. Furthermore, this product is suitable for further utilization and also can be the base material for a brand-new product. For this reason the effects of compost/water ratio, incubation time, low oxygen level, and extraction time on the parameters of the resulted product were studied in the frame of developing new soil-life enhancing microbial product, so-called compost tea.

Chemical parameters of the compost used as base material strongly determined the properties of the resulted compost tea, especially the ratio of the various nitrogen forms, their concentration and the salt content. It was found that adding water at a higher rate that means 1/40 and 1/50 mixing ratios results in more cost-effective production. In the experiment the compost tea were held under oxygen-poor conditions, therefore pH of the extractions decreased, which influenced the quality and quantity of their nutrient content.
Influence of 17-alpha methyl testosterone on the production parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fry
Authors: Kovács László , Simon Ádám , Minya Dániel , Homoki Dávid , Kertész Attila , Fehér Milán , Stündl László , Bársony Péter
Published: April 2019

During our research we aimed at finding an answer as to what extent the different concentrations of 17-alpha methyl testosterone incorporated in the diet of common carp fries can influence the production parameters of the species, as well as how efficient their sexreversal can be with the use of this method. To this end, an aquarium experiment was conducted in the course of which four different hormone treatments were set and monitored. The fish feed was enriched with 17-alpha methyl testosterone in 50 ppm, 75 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm dosages.

The obtained figures revealed that the hormone treatments had no influence on the production parameters and conservation of the common carp fries. Further on, our team is to determine the sex of the fish through the examination of gonads during autopsy when they reach the 500 g average weight.

Furthermore, a male specific test method which was supposed to be of great help in our attempt to select the sex-reversed specimens in the subsequent processes was also put to the trial. During the experiment the DNA-isolation of different sample types (muscle tissue, fin, mucus) of common carp with identified sex was successfully carried out. The extracted PCR product was examined with agarose gel. Our results indicated that the ccmf2 marker was applicable, however, the obtained figures were not reliable.
Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis in meat-production related genes in broiler chickens
Authors: Szalai Klaudia , Tempfli Károly , Lencsés-Varga Erika , Bali Papp Ágnes
Published: April 2019

In broiler chickens, the intensive selection for growth rate, feed efficiency, body composition (breast muscle weight) traits in the last decades was successful. To improve economically important characteristics, it is possible to use molecular markers associated with meat production traits. The aim of this study was to examine genotype polymorphisms in ROSS 308 broilers for thyroid hormone responsive Spot14α, insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF1), IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), somatostatin (SST) and prolactin (PRL) genes. A further goal of this investigation was to study the relationship between the polymorphisms and phenotypic characteristics.

In the investigated broiler population, the frequency for CC homozygous genotype was 0.77 in Spot14α (AY568628), AA homozygous genotype was 0.80 in IGF1 (M74176), GG homozygous genotype was 0.85 in IGFBP2 (U15086), DD homozygous genotype was 0.60 in PRL (FJ663023 or FJ434669). Only the AA homozygous genotype was found in SST (X60191). Chickens with AC genotype in Spot14α, and with GG genotype in IGFBP2 had higher body weight (BW) and carcass weight (CW), compared to CC and GT genotypes. However, the differences were not significant (P>0.05). There was significant association (P<0.05) between PRL genotypes and body and carcass weight, where chicken with homozygous DD surpassed individuals with homozygous II genotypes.
The effect of feeding different glycerol sources on the performance of lactating sows
Authors: Vida Orsolya , Egri Borisz , Tóth Tamás
Published: April 2019

Glycerol is a by-product of the biodiesel industry and it might be a good alternative to moderate the energy deficiency of sows during the lactation period. Preliminary experiments were carried out to test the effect of a powder, solid based “food grade” glycerol source with 72.9% glycerol content (Trial 1) and a liquid “feed grade” glycerol source with 86% glycerol content (Trial 2) on the performance of lactating sows and their litters. Trial 1 was conducted with 5 Hungarian Large White×Hungarian Landrace sows/treatment (313±24.9 kg) and Trial 2 with 12–12 DanAvl (323±17.0 kg) sows and their litters/treatment. Neither the solid, powder based glycerol (Trial 1), nor the liquid glycerol source (Trial 2) had significant effect on the feed intake, reduction in live weight and back-fat thickness, and weaning-tooestrus interval (p>0.05) of lactating sows. In Trial 2, on the 14th, 21st and 27th days of lactation the milk samples were collected and it was found that 50 kg/t glycerol decreased the protein content of milk samples (p<0.05). Glycerol supplementation had no effect on dry matter, fat, lactose content of milk samples (p>0.05). In Trial 2, no significant difference was found between control and experimental sow groups in triglyceride concentration of blood samples and in the activity of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT; p>0.05), but the concentration of plasma glucose and cholesterol increased tendentiously (p<0.10).

Based on our preliminary results, it can be concluded that additional dose trials are needed to perform in order to study the effect of glycerol supplement on milk production and on metabolic processes of lactating sows.
Some KV Indices of Certain Dendrimers
Authors: Kulli V. R.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we define the modified first and second KV indices, F-KV and F1-KV indices, hyper F-KV index and augmented KV index of a graph and compute exact formulas for POPAM and tetrathiafulvalene dendrimers. Furthermore, we determine the F-KV, hyper F-KV and augmented KV polynomials of POPAM dendrimers and tetrathiafulvalene dendrimers.
TOHUMDA DORMANSİ VE ÇİMLENME
Authors: BOYRAZ Mehtap , KORKMAZ Hasan , DURMAZ Alper
Published: April 2019

Embriyonik radikülün tohum kabuğundan çıkmasıyla sağlanan çimlenme, dormansi sayesinde yılın en uygun döneminde gerçekleştirilir. Böylece yeni nesil genç bireylerin uygun olmayan mevsimsel şartlarda ortaya çıkması önlenerek, türün varlığını sürdürmesi ve popülasyonun yeni habitatlarına yerleşmesi de sağlanır. Tohumların yeni biyomlarına yayılma süreçlerinde ortaya çıkan anatomik, morfolojik ve fizyolojik adaptasyonlar, aynı zamanda farklı dormansi çeşitlerinin de oluşmasını sağlamıştır. Buna göre tohumlu bitkilerde görülen tüm dormansi çeşitlerini, kendi içinde seviye ve tiplerine ayrılacak şekilde beş ana sınıf altında tanımlamak mümkündür. Bunlar: Fiziksel dormansi (PY), Morfolojik dormansi (MD), Morfofizyolojik dormansi (MPD), Fizyolojik dormansi (PD) ve Kombinasyonel dormansi (PY + PD) dir.
THE EVOLUTION OF "TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY“: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Yu Dejian , Xu Zeshui , Šaparauskas Jonas
Published: April 2019

The Technological and Economic Development of Economy (TEDE) journal was founded 25 years ago and it plays an important role in the economic field. The purposes of this study are to present a bibliometric analysis of the TEDE publications that are included in the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) database and identify the characteristics and evolution of the TEDE journal through some commonly used as well as various kinds of newly designed indicators. Firstly, annual and geographical distributions, author and manuscript characteristics of the TEDE publications are explored. Secondly, leading contributors including countries/territories, institutions, and authors are presented. The thematic analyses based on co-occurrence of keywords are presented lastly. The main advantages of this study are that all the analysis results are entirely based on objective data and the complex and important results are visualized. This study helps in understanding the development of the TEDE journal and has certain reference value for scholars in the economic field.
How to Measure Galaxy Star Formation Histories. II. Nonparametric Models
Authors: Leja Joel , Carnall Adam C. , Johnson Benjamin D. , Conroy Charlie , Speagle Joshua S.
Published: April 2019

Nonparametric star formation histories (SFHs) have long promised to be the “gold standard” for galaxy spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling as they are flexible enough to describe the full diversity of SFH shapes, whereas parametric models rule out a significant fraction of these shapes a priori. However, this flexibility is not fully constrained even with high-quality observations, making it critical to choose a well-motivated prior. Here, we use the SED-fitting code Prospector to explore the effect of different nonparametric priors by fitting SFHs to mock UV–IR photometry generated from a diverse set of input SFHs. First, we confirm that nonparametric SFHs recover input SFHs with less bias and return more accurate errors than do parametric SFHs. We further find that, while nonparametric SFHs robustly recover the overall shape of the input SFH, the primary determinant of the size and shape of the posterior star formation rate as a function of time (SFR(t)) is the choice of prior, rather than the photometric noise. As a practical demonstration, we fit the UV–IR photometry of ∼6000 galaxies from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey and measure scatters between priors to be 0.1 dex in mass, 0.8 dex in SFR100 Myr, and 0.2 dex in mass-weighted ages, with the bluest star-forming galaxies showing the most sensitivity. An important distinguishing characteristic for nonparametric models is the characteristic timescale for changes in SFR(t). This difference controls whether galaxies are assembled in bursts or in steady-state star formation, corresponding respectively to (feedback-dominated/accretion-dominated) models of galaxy formation and to (larger/smaller) confidence intervals derived from SED fitting. High-quality spectroscopy has the potential to further distinguish between these proposed models of SFR(t).
Kinetic Particle-in-cell Simulations of the Transport of Astrophysical Relativistic Jets in Magnetized Intergalactic Medium
Authors: Yao Weipeng , Qiao Bin , Zhao Zhonghai , Lei Zhu , Zhang Hua , Zhou Cangtao , Zhu Shaoping , He Xiantu
Published: April 2019

We present results from fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of the transport of astrophysical relativistic jets in magnetized intergalactic medium. As opposed to magnetohydrodynamic simulations, the results show that a strong charge-separation electric field, induced by the different responses between jet electrons and ions to the magnetic fields, significantly enhances the energy exchange between different species of charged particles and electromagnetic fields, thus playing a key role in determining the collimation and shape of the jet spectral energy distribution (SED). It is found that when the magnetic field strength increases, the jet collimation also increases while the power-law slope of the jet SED decreases; this provides potential enlightenment on related astrophysical observations.
Potential Gravitational-wave and Gamma-ray Multi-messenger Candidate from 2015 October 30
Authors: Nitz Alexander H. , Nielsen Alex B. , Capano Collin D.
Published: April 2019

We present a search for binary neutron star (BNS) mergers that produced gravitational waves during the first observing run of the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), and gamma-ray emission seen by either the Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) or the Fermi-Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), similar to GW170817 and GRB 170817A. We introduce a new method using a combined ranking statistic to detect sources that do not produce significant gravitational-wave or gamma-ray burst candidates individually. The current version of this search can increase by 70% the detections of joint gravitational-wave and gamma-ray signals. We find one possible candidate observed by LIGO and Fermi-GBM, 1-OGC 151030, at a false alarm rate of 1 in 13 yr. If astrophysical, this candidate would correspond to a merger at

Mpc with source-frame chirp mass of

. If we assume that the viewing angle must be <30° to be observed by Fermi-GBM, our estimate of the distance would become

Mpc. By comparing the rate of BNS mergers to our search-estimated rate of false alarms, we estimate that there is a 1 in 4 chance that this candidate is astrophysical in origin.
Online news recommendations credibility: The tie is mightier than the source
Authors: Samuel-Azran Tal , Hayat Tsahi
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we wish to examine the perceived credibility of news items shared through Social Networking Sites (SNS) –specifically, as a function of tie strength and perceived credibility of the media source from which the content originated. We utilized a between-subjects design. The Facebook account of each participant (N=217) was analyzed. Based on this analysis, our participants were shown a fictitious Facebook post that was presumably shared by one of their Facebook friends with whom they had either a strong social tie (experiment group), or a weak social tie (control group). All recipients were then asked about their perceptions regarding the news source (from which the item presumably originated), and their perception regarding thecredibility of the presented item. Our findings indicate that the strength of the social tie between the sharer of the item and its recipient mediates the effect of the credibility perception regarding the news source, and the perceived item credibility, as well as the likelihood of searching for additional information regarding the topic presented in the shared item.

Se examina en este trabajo la credibilidad percibida de las noticias compartidas a través de los sitios de redes sociales (RRSS), específicamente, en función de la fuerza de enlace y la credibilidad percibida de la fuente de los medios de la cual se originó el contenido. Utilizamos un diseño entre sujetos. Se analizó la cuenta de Facebook de cada participante (N=217). Sobre la base de este análisis, a nuestros participantes se les mostró una publicación ficticia de Facebook que supuestamente fue compartida por uno de sus amigos de Facebook con los que tenían un vínculo social fuerte (grupo experimental) o un vínculo social débil (grupo de control). Luego se les preguntó a todos los destinatarios acerca de sus percepciones con respecto a la fuente de noticias (de la cual se suponía que se originó el artículo), y su percepción con respecto a la credibilidad del artículo presentado. Nuestros hallazgos indican que la fuerza del vínculo social entre el que comparte el elemento y su destinatario media el efecto de la percepción de credibilidad con respecto a la fuente de noticias, y la credibilidad percibida del elemento, así como la posibilidad de buscar información adicional sobre el tema presentado en el elemento compartido.
An Education-Based Text Messaging Program to Improve Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Related to Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care Settings
Authors: Saffari Mohsen , Sanaeinasab Hormoz , Masoumbeigi Hossein , Pakpour Amir H. , O'Garo Keisha N. , Koenig Harold G.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Nosocomial infection (NI) is common in health care settings. Educational strategies such as mobile teaching methods for health care providers may help to resolve this problem. This pilot study assessed the influence of a text messaging program to improve intensive care unit nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice related to NI prevention.

Method:

In this single-group experimental study, 32 nurses received an educational intervention via short text messages on their cell phones. Information on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding NI prevention was collected using a standard scale. Preventive messages about NI were prepared and sent to participants during a 2-month trial. Results were assessed 2 weeks after the intervention, and data were analyzed by paired
t
test.

Results:

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of participants increased by 17%, 3%, and 9%, respectively, from baseline to follow up. The average score on the knowledge dimension was lower than for other components. Knowledge components such as hand hygiene, work safety, and protective equipment increased to a lesser degree from pre- to posttest, compared with other aspects (
p
< .05 versus
p
< .001).

Conclusion:

An education-based program operating through short text messages may be a useful in-service training strategy for intensive care unit nurses.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2019;50(5):211–217.]
Perceptions des spécificités du travail et du rôle enseignant dans le secteur Lansad : diversité et convergences
Authors: Vega Umaña Ana Laura
Published: April 2019

Cet article s’intéresse aux discours des enseignants sur leurs expériences dans le secteur des langues pour spécialistes d’autres disciplines (Lansad) afin de comprendre les façons dont ils conceptualisent leur rôle enseignant et les particularités et défis de leur travail. Deux études complémentaires seront présentées : une étude qualitative sur les pratiques et représentations de six enseignants Lansad dans deux universités différentes, et un questionnaire adressé aux enseignants du secteur Lansad au niveau national, qui vise à recueillir des informations sur leurs perceptions de leurs rôles et de leurs domaines d’expertise. L’article cherche à mieux cerner la diversité des rôles enseignants à travers un survol de la littérature ayant trait aux particularités de l’enseignement d’une langue de spécialité et l’analyse des descriptions fournies par les participants de l’étude qualitative et du questionnaire.
Structuration of Refractory Metals Tantalum and Niobium Using Modified Equal Channel Angular Pressing Technique
Authors: Kommel Lembit , Shahreza Babak Omranpour , Mikli Valdek
Published: April 2019

In the present work, we use a modified Equal Channel Angular Pressing technique for structure and properties change of Tantalum and Niobium at room temperature. The main advantage of this modified technique is the possibility to produce relatively large samples with ultrafine-grained microstructure in all volume of the workpiece by reduced deformation load up to 25% via friction decrease, and also to prevent the punch fracture under high compression stress during pressing. The various microstructures and properties were produced in metals by using different von Mises strain levels up to ƐvM = 13.8. The changes in microstructure were studied by using SEM and TEM techniques. The change of mechanical properties was measured by using various tension and hardness testing setups. We can conclude that during processing the ultrafine-grained microstructure in as-cast Nb and Ta was formed. The uniaxial tensile strength, Vickers hardness, and plasticity of Nb and Ta significantly increased as compared to coarse-grained counterparts. We believe that the relatively large workpieces of pure bulk Ta and Nb metals with improved microstructure and exploitation properties are suitable materials for the modern industry.
Evaluation of the Friction Coefficient of Antifriction Coatings Based on Ti-Cu Obtained by the Ion-Plasma Deposition in Vacuum
Authors: Andrejeva Darja , Leitans Armands , Urbahs Alexanders , Savkovs Konstantins , Urbaha Margarita
Published: April 2019

Ion-plasma antifriction coatings based on Ti-Cu were deposited by the method of ion-plasma sputtering in vacuum with the aim to gain a coating with a low coefficient of friction. To protect steel part from wear intermetallic, nitride and conglomerate coatings based on Ti-Cu with thickness of the coating h ≈ 2-5 μm obtained at different regimes of deposition. Thickness of the antifriction coatings and proportion of the chemical composition varied by deposition time, voltage and current of the magnetron, current of evaporators, pressure of gas in a vacuum chamber. This paper presents the results of the tribotest carried out on CSM Instruments pin-on-disk type tribometer. Comparing with uncoated samples microhardness and roughness of the coated samples increased two to three times, coefficient of friction of coated samples was twice lower.
3D Printing of Parts with Intra-Layer Variable Density
Authors: Vassilakos Angelos , Giannatsis John , Dedousis Vasilios
Published: April 2019

3D Printing can be considered as one of the most innovative manufacturing processes of our time. Part of the innovative potential of 3D Printing is associated with the production of geometrically complex parts in a relatively short time. In the present paper, a methodology for the production of parts with complex internal structure and intra-layer density variability (ILDV) is presented. The proposed methodology may be used to produce structures composed by two materials, such as functionally graded parts and composites. The variability of the internal structure and composition is captured through voxel modeling, where at each voxel a unique relative density value for each material is assigned. These relative density values are then translated to predefined extrusion paths, which the 3D printer follows for the construction of layers composed by one or two materials. Representative cases and examples of parts with ILDV are presented and discussed.
Correlation of hair and plasma efavirenz concentrations in HIV-positive South Africans
Authors: Johnston Jenna , Wiesner Lubbe , Smith Peter , Maartens Gary , Orrell Catherine
Published: April 2019

Background: Antiretroviral concentrations in hair provide a longer window of drug detection and are useful for measuring longer-term drug exposure. Efavirenz is an important component of first-line treatment in resource-limited settings, but its concentrations in hair have not been well studied.Methods: This study is a supplementary to a randomised controlled trial of an adherence intervention using an electronic adherence measuring device. Hair and plasma samples were collected from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in Cape Town, South Africa. Previously validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods were used to measure efavirenz concentrations in the collected hair and plasma samples. CYP2B6 genotyping of participants was also performed. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and comparative statistics as well as regression modelling.Results: Hair samples were collected from 59% of patients enrolled in the parent study. Results indicated that hair efavirenz concentrations were significantly influenced by participants’ CYP2B6metaboliser status. Median efavirenz concentrations for extensive, intermediate and slow metaboliser genotypes were 3.54 ng/mg, 5.11 ng/mg and 10.66 ng/mg, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between the efavirenz concentrations measured in hair and plasma samples (Spearman’s correlation coefficients, 0.672–0.741, p < 0.0001). No relationship between hair efavirenz concentrations and virological failure or adherence measured using an electronic adherence was shown.Conclusion: The results from this study provide further insight into the potential of using hair as a matrix for measuring antiretroviral concentrations. However, challenges experienced in collecting hair samples suggest that this adherence measure may have limited utility in an African population.
Sap flow in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango trees under regulated deficit irrigation
Authors: Cotrim Carlos Elizio , Santos Marcelo Rocha dos , Coelho Filho Maurício Antônio , Coelho Eugênio Ferreira , Silva João Abel da
Published: April 2019

Knowledge of transpiration is of fundamental importance for improving irrigation management. This study measured sap flow of the 'Tommy Atkins' mango tree using Granier’s thermal dissipation probe method under regulated deficit irrigation. The work was conducted in a 10-year-old ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango orchard, irrigated by micro sprinkler, located in the Irrigated Perimeter of Ceraíma, in Guanambi, Bahia, Brazil. Sap flow measurements were carried out on three consecutive days in plants under regulated deficit irrigation, with reductions of 30 and 60% of crop evapotranspiration in three phases of fruit development; beginning of flowering to early fruit growth (Phase I), fruit expansion (Phase II) and physiological maturation of fruits (Phase III). Regulated deficit irrigation led to reduced sap flow in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango tree.
Prioritization of pharmaceuticals in urban rivers: the case of oral contraceptives in the Belém River basin, Curitiba / PR, Brazil
Authors: Barcellos Demian Da Silveira , Bollmann Harry Alberto , Azevedo Júlio César Rodrigues de
Published: April 2019

Efforts to prioritize pharmaceutical products in urban rivers are still rare in Brazil. However, European and U.S. management experiences of pharmaceuticals in urban waters show that this has been one of the first steps necessary to reduce and control this type of pollution. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the presence of oral contraceptives in the catchment area of the Belém River in Curitiba based on the different criteria normally applied to prioritization. For this, in addition to a literature review, historical data on the concentrations of contraceptive hormones in the Belém River, data on pharmaceutical consumption in the basin (collected through interviews by random sampling in pharmacies and from the database of medicines provided by the City of Curitiba Health Units), and data from interviews conducted using intentional sampling with regional stakeholders. The results show that a consistent set of criteria supporting prioritization of ethinylestradiol and estradiol already exists, while the periodic monitoring of these two hormones has proved feasible and necessary in the waters of the region.
La dose fait le poison*
Authors: Perreault Marc M.
Published: April 2019

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Communication : s’adapter à une nouvelle époque, à de nouveaux besoins
Authors: Mysak Tania
Published: April 2019

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Hoarding, saving, and the paradox of thrift in a financial economy
Authors: Thiruvadanthai Srinivas
Published: April 2019

In a paper in this journal (Rowe 2016), Nicholas Rowe argued that excessive hoarding of money, not excessive thrift, causes the failure of Say's law and that an increase in the desire to save, by itself, will not lead to the paradox of thrift. This comment argues Rowe's analysis has three fundamental errors: (i) he uses definitions of thrift and hoarding that are profoundly different from Keynes's; (ii) by essentially dealing with a Walrasian world, he fails to account for the principle of effective demand; and (iii) his parables fail to account for the separation of investment and saving decisions. While Rowe's parables are inadequate for understanding the Keynesian theory of monetary production, I show that, even in such parables, incorporating financial assets restores the paradox of thrift without hoarding. The key assumption for the paradox of thrift is not hoarding but the separation of investment and saving decisions. The parable is simplistic, but a similar inference can be drawn from a more detailed elaboration of the saving and investment in a financial economy by Davidson (1968).
Development and Validation of the Occupational Self-Assessment–Short Form (OSA–SF)
Authors: Popova Evguenia S. , Ostrowski Rikki K. , Wescott Jennifer J. , Taylor Renée R.
Published: April 2019

Importance: The Occupational Self-Assessment, Version 2.2 (OSA 2.2), is a client-centered measure of clients’ perceived occupational competence and value. The OSA 2.2 has previously demonstrated good structural validity and internal consistency; however, the administration length could deter therapists from using this assessment in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation.

Objective: To evaluate reliability and validity of the OSA 2.2 in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation and to develop and validate the OSA–Short Form (OSA–SF).

Design: We performed a descriptive psychometric analysis using the Rasch analytic approach.

Setting: The data were collected in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation.

Participants: Our convenience sample consisted of 86 patients in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation.

Outcomes and Measures: Participants rated their perceived occupational competence and value by completing the OSA 2.2.

Results: We examined psychometric properties of the OSA 2.2 and OSA–SF using a partial credit Rasch model. The 21-item OSA 2.2 was reduced to a 12-item OSA–SF through iterative removal of items on the basis of item-misfit statistics. The OSA–SF demonstrated adequate rating scale functioning, dimensionality, item and person goodness of fit, item targeting, item hierarchies, and item and person separation.

Conclusions and Relevance: Findings indicate that the OSA–SF is a valid and reliable measure that can guide client-centered goal setting and intervention planning for adults receiving acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation.

What This Article Adds: The OSA 2.2 and the OSA–SF offer a client-centered approach to evaluating patients’ self-reported ability and ratings of the importance of performing everyday occupations. These assessments can guide client-centered goal setting in acute care and acute inpatient rehabilitation.
Enrichment of submicron sea salt-containing particles in small cloud droplets based on single particle mass spectrometry
Authors: Lin Qinhao , Yang Yuxiang , Fu Yuzhen , Zhang Guohua , Jiang Feng , Peng Long , Lian Xiufeng , Liu Fengxian , Bi Xinhui , Li Lei , Chen Duohong , Li Mei , Ou Jie , Tang Mingjin , Wang Xinming , Peng Ping’an , Sheng Guoying
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The effects of chemical composition and size of sea salt-containing particles on their cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity are incompletely understood. We used a ground-based counterflow virtual impactor (GCVI) coupled with a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) to characterize chemical composition of submicron (dry diameter of 0.2–1.0 μm) and supermicron (dry diameter of 1.0–2.0 μm) sea salt-containing cloud residues (dried cloud droplets) at Mount Nanling, southern China. Seven cut sizes (7.5–14 μm) of cloud droplets were set in the GCVI system. Approximately 20 % (by number) of the submicron cloud residues included sea salt-containing particles at the cut size of 7.5 μm, which was significantly higher than the percentages at the cut sizes of 8–14 μm (below 2 %). This difference was likely to be involved in the change in the chemical composition. For the cut size of 7.5 μm, nitrate was internally mixed with over 90 % of the submicron sea salt-containing cloud residues, which was higher than sulfate (20 %), ammonium (below 1 %), amines (6 %), hydrocarbon organic species (2 %), and organic acids (4 %). However, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, amines, hydrocarbon organic species, and organic acids were internally mixed with over 90 %, over 80 %, 39–84 %, 71–86 %, 52–90 %, and 32–77 %, respectively, of the submicron sea salt-containing cloud residues for the cut sizes of 8–14 μm. The proportion of sea salt-containing particles in the supermicron cloud residues generally increased as a function of cut size, and their CCN activity was less influenced by chemical composition. This study highlights the different distribution of the submicron and supermicron sea salt-containing particles in various cloud droplets, which might further influence their atmospheric residence time.
B3010: a boosted TSI 3010 condensation particle counter for airborne studies
Authors: Picard David , Attoui Michel , Sellegri Karine
Published: April 2019

Abstract. In the present paper, we expose how we boosted the performance of a
commercial condensation particle counter (CPC) model TSI 3010 to detect particles as small as 1.5 nm while
preserving the robustness and reliability of the original instrument. The
TSI 3010 was selected because of our deep knowledge of its internal workings and its large
incorporated butanol reservoir that allows continuous operation for several
hours without refill, which is well suited to airborne operation. Aside from this, it
is still pretty easy to buy instruments from the TSI 3010 family from
companies that specialize in used scientific instrument retail. The CPC
described in this study is called B3010 hereafter, where the “B”
stands for boosted. We provide an evaluation of its performances
down to 1 nm using standard calibration methods and comparisons with
ultrafine CPCs (TSI 3025 and TSI 3776), as well as with its original version.
One important application of the B3010 is for high-altitude measurement
stations and airborne studies, the instrument's detection efficiency was
quantified for various inlet flow rates and pressures.
Assessment of time of emergence of anthropogenic deoxygenation and warming: insights from a CESM simulation from 850 to 2100 CE
Authors: Hameau Angélique , Mignot Juliette , Joos Fortunat
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Marine deoxygenation and anthropogenic ocean warming are observed and
projected to intensify in the future. These changes potentially impact the
functions and services of marine ecosystems. A key question is whether marine
ecosystems are already or will soon be exposed to environmental conditions
not experienced during the last millennium. Using a forced simulation with
the Community Earth System Model (CESM) over the period 850 to 2100, we find
that anthropogenic deoxygenation and warming in the thermocline exceeded
natural variability in, respectively, 60 % and 90 % of total ocean
area. Control simulations are typically used to estimate the pre-industrial
variability level. However, the natural variability of oxygen (O2)
and temperature (T) inferred from the last millennium period is
systematically larger than the internal variability simulated in the
corresponding control simulation. This renders natural variability from
control simulations to be biased towards low estimates. Here, natural
variability is assessed from the last millennium period (850–1800 CE), thus
considering the response to forcing from explosive volcanic eruptions, solar
irradiance and greenhouse gases in addition to internal, chaotic
variability. Results suggest that in the tropical thermocline, where
biological and solubility-driven O2 changes counteract each other,
anthropogenic changes in apparent oxygen utilisation (AOU) and in O2
solubility (O2,sol) are detectable earlier than O2 changes.
Both natural variability and change in AOU are predominantly driven by
variations in circulation with a smaller role for productivity. By the end of
the 21st century, ventilation becomes more vigorous in the tropical
thermocline, whereas ideal age in deep waters increases by more than
200 years relative to the pre-industrial period. Different methodological choices are
compared and the time for an anthropogenic signal to emerge (ToE) is earlier
in many thermocline regions when using variability from a shorter period,
from the control simulation or estimates from the industrial period instead
of the variability from the last millennium. Our results highlight that
published methods may lead to deviations in ToE estimates, calling for a
careful quantification of variability. They also highlight that realised
anthropogenic change exceeds natural variations in many regions.
Synthesis and evaluation of historical meridional heat transport from midlatitudes towards the Arctic
Authors: Liu Yang , Attema Jisk , Moat Ben , Hazeleger Wilco
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Meridional Energy Transport (MET), both in the atmosphere (AMET) and ocean (OMET), has significant impact on the climate in the Arctic. In this study, we quantify AMET and OMET at subpolar latitudes from six reanalyses datasets. We investigate the differences between the datasets and we check the coherence between MET and the Arctic climate variability from annual to interannual scales. The results indicate that, although the mean transport in all datasets agree well, the spatial distribution and temporal variations of AMET and OMET differ substantially among the reanalysis datasets. For the ocean, only after 2010 the low-frequency signals for all reanalyses products agree well. A further comparison with observed heat transports at 26.5° N and the subpolar Atlantic, and a high-resolution ocean model hindcast confirm that the OMET estimated from reanalyses are consistent with independent observations. For the atmosphere, the variations among reanalyses datasets are large. This can be attributed to differences in temperature transport. A further analysis of linkages between the Arctic climate variability and AMET shows that atmospheric reanalyses differ substantially from each other. Among all the chosen atmospheric products, ERA-Interim results are most consistent with results obtained with coupled climate models. For the ocean, ORAS4 and SODA3 agree well on the relation between OMET and sea ice concentration (SIC), while GLORYS2V3 deviates from those data sets. Our study suggests, since the reanalyses products are not designed for the quantification of energy transport, the AMET and OMET estimated from reanalyses should be used with great care, especially when studying variability and interactions between the Arctic and midlatitudes beyond annual time scales.
Meteorological, soil moisture, surface water, and groundwater data from the St. Denis National Wildlife Area, Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Bam Edward K. P. , Brannen Rosa , Budhathoki Sujata , Ireson Andrew M. , Spence Chris , van der Kamp Garth
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The St. Denis National Wildlife Area is located in the seasonally
frozen and semi-arid Canadian Prairies, close to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
The site has a hummocky terrain and is underlain by clay-rich glacial tills.
Though the site is only 4 km2 it contains hundreds of wetlands
containing ponds which range in size, in permanence (from ephemeral to
permanent), and in their interactions with groundwater (recharge and
discharge ponds are present). The site was established as a research area in
1968 and has long-term records of hydrological observations, including
meteorological, snow, soil moisture, surface water (ponds) and groundwater
data. Some records, notably the pond level and chemistry data, span the
period 1968 to present. Other datasets, notably water level observations
from networks of piezometers, have been collected sporadically at different
locations and times. Some datasets are collected manually on an annual
basis, including pond surveys and snow surveys. Meteorological data have
been collected by automatic weather stations since 1989 and have been
maintained and upgraded over time, with a flux tower added to the site in
2011. Automatically logged soil moisture profiles and collocated piezometers
have been running since 2013. A lidar survey from 2005 provides a 1 m
resolution digital elevation map (DEM) of the site and surrounding
landscape. The compiled data are available at https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0115 (Bam et al., 2018).
Potential erosion capacity of gravity currents created by changing initial conditions
Authors: Zordan Jessica , Schleiss Anton J. , Franca Mário J.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We investigate to what extent the initial conditions (in terms of buoyancy and
geometry) of saline gravity currents flowing over a horizontal bottom
influence their runout and entrainment capacity. In particular, to what
extent the effect of the introduction of an inclined channel reach, just
upstream from the lock gate, influences the hydrodynamics of gravity currents
and consequently its potential erosion capacity is still an open question.
The investigation presented herein focuses on the unknown effects of an
inclined lock on the geometry of the current, on the streamwise velocity, on
bed shear stress, and on the mechanisms of entrainment and mass exchange.
Gravity currents were reproduced in the laboratory through the lock-exchange
technique, and systematic tests were performed with different initial
densities, combined with five initial volumes of release on horizontal and
sloped locks. The inclination of the upstream reach of the channel (the lock)
was varied from 0 % to 16 %, while the lock length was reduced by up to 1∕4 of
the initial reference case. We observed that the shape of the current is
modified due to the enhanced entrainment of ambient water, which is the
region of the current in which this happens most. A counterintuitive relation
between slope and mean streamwise velocity was found, supporting previous
findings that hypothesized that gravity currents flowing down small slopes
experience an initial acceleration followed by a deceleration. For the
steepest slope tested, two opposite mechanisms of mass exchange are
identified and discussed, i.e., the current entrainment of water from the
upper surface due to the enhanced friction at the interface and the head
feeding by a rear-fed current. The bed shear stress and the corresponding
potential erosion capacity are discussed, giving insights into the
geomorphological implications of natural gravity currents caused in different
topographic settings.
Slate: extending Firedrake's domain-specific abstraction to
hybridized solvers for geoscience and beyond
Authors: Gibson Thomas H. , Mitchell Lawrence , Ham David A. , Cotter Colin J.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Within the finite element community, discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and mixed finite element methods have become increasingly popular in simulating geophysical flows. However, robust and efficient solvers for the resulting saddle-point and elliptic systems arising from these discretizations continue to be an on-going challenge. One possible approach for addressing this issue is to employ a method known as hybridization, where the discrete equations are transformed such that classic static condensation and local post-processing methods can be employed. However, it is challenging to implement hybridization as performant parallel code within complex models, whilst maintaining separation of concerns between applications scientists and software experts. In this paper, we introduce a domain-specific abstraction within the Firedrake finite element library that permits the rapid execution of these hybridization techniques within a code-generating framework. The resulting framework composes naturally with Firedrake's solver environment, allowing for the implementation of hybridization and static condensation as runtime-configurable preconditioners via the Python interface to PETSc, petsc4py. We provide examples derived from second order elliptic problems and geophysical fluid dynamics. In addition, we demonstrate that hybridization shows great promise for improving the performance of solvers for mixed finite element discretizations of equations related to large-scale geophysical flows.
Technical note: A global database of the stable isotopic ratios of meteoric and terrestrial waters
Authors: Putman Annie L. , Bowen Gabriel J.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios of water have been used to identify sources, transport pathways, and phase-change processes within the water cycle, supporting hydrologic, forensic, ecologic, and hydroclimatic investigations. Here, we introduce an unique, open-access, global database of stable water isotope ratios (δ18O, δ17O and δ2H) from various waters types. This database facilitates data preservation, supports standardized metadata collection, and decreases the time investment for metanalytic research and reference dataset discovery. As of April 2019, the database includes 227 699 samples from 51 321 sites, associated with 207 projects, spanning 1949 through 2019. Key information stored includes the hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios, water type, collection date and time, site location, and project information. To promote rapid data discovery and collaboration, the database exposes metadata and data owner contact information embargoed data, but only permits downloads of public data. The database is supported by two companion apps, one for processing and upload of analytical data from laboratories and the other an iOS application that supports digital collection of sample metadata.
Assessing the impact of sea surface temperatures on a simulated medicane using ensemble simulations
Authors: Noyelle Robin , Ulbrich Uwe , Becker Nico , Meredith Edmund P.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The sensitivity of the October 1996 Medicane in the western
Mediterranean basin to sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is investigated with a
regional climate model via ensemble sensitivity simulations. For 11 SST
states, ranging from −4 K below to +6 K above the observed SST field
(in 1 K steps), 24-member ensembles of the medicane are simulated. By using
a modified phase space diagram and a simple compositing method, it is shown
that the SST state has a minor influence on the tracks of the cyclones but a
strong influence on their intensities. Increased SSTs lead to greater
probabilities of tropical transitions, to stronger lower- and upper-level warm
cores and to lower pressure minima. The tropical transition occurs sooner
and lasts longer, which enables a greater number of transitioning cyclones to
survive landfall over Sardinia and re-intensify in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The
results demonstrate that SSTs influence the intensity of fluxes from the sea,
which leads to greater convective activity before the storms reach their
maturity. These results suggest that the processes at steady state for
medicanes are very similar to tropical cyclones.