bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lev Landau. Ukraine, Kharkiv, UPTI
Authors: Tan'shyna A. V.
Published: March 2018

It was Lev Davidovich Landau who founded the Kharkiv scientific school of theoretical physics in 1932–1937.
Influence of Octacalcium Phosphate addition on physical-mechanical properties of Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Balbinot Gabriela De Souza , Garcia Isadora Martini , Samuel Susana Maria Werner , Collares Fabricio Mezzomo , Leitune Vicente Castelo Branco
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) addition to conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC).METHODOLOGY: A commercial glass ionomer cement (Vidrion R – S.S. White Artigos Dentários Ltda – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was used in this study. OCP was added to powder in 1.5 and 3 wt%. GIC without OCP addition was used as control. Specimens were produced to evaluate radiopacity, setting time and diametral tensile strength of cements. Radiopacity was assessed by phosphor plate system with alluminium step-wedge for comparison. For setting time determination, Gilmore needle (100 g) was used to determine final setting reaction. Diametral tensile strength was measured in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA at a significance level of 95%.RESULTS: Results showed no statistically significant difference in tested properties with octacalcium phosphate addition in any concentration.CONCLUSION: OCP addition to GIC did not influence materials properties.
First Language Attrition: The Effects of English (L2) on Brazilian Portuguese VOT Patterns in an L1-Dominant Environment
Authors: Schereschewsky Laura Castilhos , Alves Ubiratã Kickhöfel , Kupske Felipe Flores
Published: March 2018

*Atrito de língua materna: os efeitos do inglês (L2) nos padrões de VOT do português brasileiro em um ambiente de L1 dominante*Partindo de uma visão de linguagem como um Sistema Adaptativo Complexo (CAS) (BECKNER et al., 2009; DE BOT et al., 2013), este trabalho discute o atrito linguístico. Seguindo esse trabalho, neste estudo, verificamos possíveis efeitos de atrito no português entre aprendizes de inglês residentes no Brasil (contexto de L1 dominante). Analisamos o VOT (Voice Onset Time) de plosivas bilabiais e velares, surdas e sonoras, em posição inicial de palavra do PB. Participaram do estudo 33 sujeitos, residentes em Porto Alegre. Os participantes foram divididos em 3 grupos (11 monolíngues do PB, 11 aprendizes de inglês de nível intermediário e 11 aprendizes avançados). Todos os participantes realizaram, individualmente, um teste de leitura de palavras do PB. Testes ANOVA demonstraram uma diferença significativa entre os grupos nas produções em português referentes à consoante velar surda, sugerindo o atrito nesse segmento. Não foram, entretanto, encontradas diferenças significativas entre aprendizes de nível intermediário e avançado. Os resultados, ainda que sugiram que o atrito seja menos comum em contextos de L1 dominante, não nos permitem descartar a possibilidade de ocorrência de tal fenômeno, provendo evidências de que, em contexto bilíngue, a transferência linguística possa ser bidirecional.
Atenção conjunta virtual e a construção da ação colaborativa
Authors: Costa Filho José Moacir Soares da , Cavalcante Marianne Carvalho Bezerra
Published: March 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a noção de atenção conjunta virtual e a construção da ação colaborativa nesse processo. Para tanto, analisamos dados de vinte crianças, de 22 a 65 meses de idade, jogando com o aplicativo Mimi©. Esse jogo foi desenvolvido para tablets e é composto por dez fases em que a criança é convidada a cumprir tarefas para cuidar de um gato, por meio de instruções fornecidas pelo narrador do jogo, presente na realidade virtual. A discussão proposta neste artigo tem como base a teoria da atenção conjunta, discutida principalmente por Bruner (1975) e Tomasello (2003), e a noção de ação colaborativa trazida por Tomasello e Carpenter (2007). Já o conceito de atenção conjunta virtual (COSTA FILHO, 2016) se constitui quando a criança interage com o narrador presente na realidade virtual. Esse processo modificado de atenção conjunta, no entanto, também requer a ação colaborativa que, como mostram os dados, envolve tanto interlocutores da realidade atual quanto da realidade virtual. Os dados mostram ainda que as crianças mais novas têm mais dificuldade para estabelecer a atenção conjunta virtual e que, por isso, buscam com mais frequência o interlocutor atual para a ação colaborativa.
A compreensão oral e leitora dos níveis micro e macroestruturais de narrativas por indivíduos com lesão de hemisfério esquerdo e controles: um estudo piloto
Authors: Martins Sabrine Amaral , Rodrigues Lisandra Rutkoski , Loureiro Fernanda
Published: March 2018

As lesões cerebrais advindas de acidentes vasculares encefálicos (AVEs) podem causar prejuízos na compreensão dos níveis de micro e macroestrutura de narrativas, acarretando dificuldades na vida dos indivíduos. Por isso, o presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar dados de um estudo piloto que averiguou o desempenho de quatro indivíduos com lesão de hemisfério esquerdo e quatro indivíduos saudáveis na compreensão oral e leitora dos níveis micro e macroestruturais de narrativas. Foram aplicadas narrativas curtas, nas modalidades oral e escrita, seguidas de perguntas de compreensão. Na comparação entre os grupos e as modalidades, os resultados não mostraram diferenças estatísticas significativas. Qualitativamente, houve melhor desempenho de ambos os grupos nas tarefas de compreensão oral. Quanto à macroestrutura, o desempenho dos grupos foi inferior a 50%. Os dados corroboram achados da literatura, que se mostram ainda inconclusivos quanto à compreensão leitora e oral de narrativas por indivíduos com lesão cerebral, e quanto ao impacto das duas modalidades de apresentação dos textos na compreensão.
A emergência das primeiras palavras: aspectos da produção sonora inicial da criança
Authors: Guimarães Daniela Mara Lima Oliveira
Published: March 2018

Este estudo tem por objetivo discutir aspectos fonológicos da emergência da fala em crianças, em fase inicial de aquisição da linguagem, a partir de um estudo longitudinal. Avaliam-se as características fonéticas da produção inicial de quatro crianças, a partir da teoria da Whole-Word Phonology (VIHMAN, 1996), procurando-se discutir quais os padrões motores são usados inicialmente na produção das primeiras palavras. O corpus para esta pesquisa foi obtido a partir da fala espontânea e da nomeação de figuras. A análise dos dados aponta que as formas das primeiras palavras podem ser variáveis para diferentes indivíduos. Foi possível observar a presença de padrões sonoros como CVCV, como uma espécie de resquício do balbucio, a ocorrência de palavras selecionadas do alvo adulto e, em outros sujeitos, a variabilidade, na produção inicial, ocorreu com a tentativa de uso de formas diversas e complexas. Os resultados indicam que a forma sonora inicial das primeiras palavras é variável e aponta caminhos possíveis de aquisição individual.
Processamento dos afixos do PB: o reconhecimento de morfemas por crianças não alfabetizadas e em processo de alfabetização
Authors: Borges Veridiana P. , Mazzaferro Gabriela Tornquist , Matzenauer Carmen Lúcia Barreto
Published: March 2018

Este artigo discute como se dá o processamento de pseudopalavras formadas por um morfema-base e por afixos em crianças não alfabetizadas e em crianças que estão em processo de alfabetização, falantes nativas do Português Brasileiro (PB), por meio da aplicação da Tarefa de Reconhecimento de Pseudovocábulos, que avalia a capacidade de a criança reconhecer e processar os afixos do PB e verificar a interpretação do significado que cada afixo veicula ao juntar-se ao morfema lexical. A atividade foi composta por pseudopalavras que, em sua constituição, mostram afixos pertencentes ao PB; a combinação do morfema-base com o afixo deriva palavra não dicionarizada que poderia pertencer ao léxico da língua (ex.: descruel). Para tanto, foram contadas histórias aos sujeitos e, posteriormente, foram feitas perguntas relacionadas às pseudopalavras. O corpus foi constituído por dados de dezesseis crianças monolíngues, subdivididas em quatro faixas etárias. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria dos informantes interpretou o significado dos pseudovocábulos, indicando a capacidade que as crianças têm de refletir sobre a função e o significado dos morfemas. Os dados foram analisados com base em concepções teóricas da Aquisição da inguagem, da Aquisição da Morfologia e da Consciência Morfológica (BORGES, 2015; SEIXAS, 2007; LIMA, 2006, LORANDI, 2006).
A leitura de palavras no bilinguismo sob o viés do modelo de dupla-rota: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Siqueira Ellen Cristina Gerner , Hübner Lilian Cristine , Wilson Maximiliano Agustin
Published: March 2018

A leitura envolve múltiplos processos interdependentes e, segundo o modelo de dupla rota, tal habilidade se dá basicamente por duas vias, a fonológica e a lexical. Ler na língua materna (L1) requer um aprendizado sistemático e é um grande desafio justamente por conta dos múltiplos processos envolvidos. Ao aprender uma segunda língua (L2), novos elementos (fonológicos, lexicais e ortográficos) são introduzidos na leitura, exigindo novas habilidades do falante. Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo identificar as rotas de leitura preferencialmente utilizadas por indivíduos bilíngues, na L1 e na L2, e as variáveis que influenciam sua utilização. Para isso, foram selecionados artigos científicos publicados nos últimos 10 anos em diferentes bases de dados, incluindo estudos de neuroimagem. Após a pesquisa foi possível verificar que, assim como em sujeitos monolíngues, são múltiplos os fatores que influenciam a estratégia de leitura utilizada por sujeitos bilíngues, sendo a transparência ortográfica da língua e a proficiência do leitor os principais elementos. Compreender os fatores que influenciam a habilidade leitora de sujeitos bilíngues é importante para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias que facilitem tanto o ensino como a aprendizagem de língua adicional, bem como auxiliar na recuperação de línguas de um bi/multilíngue.
A casa do sol e o imaginário do tempo: ocupação criativa do legado de Hilda Hilst
Authors: Rech Alessandra Paula
Published: March 2018

O presente artigo resulta de pesquisa em andamento sobre o programa Residência Criativa, desenvolvido na Casa do Sol, onde viveu a escritora Hilda Hilst (1930-2004). O programa gera recursos para a manutenção do espaço, e possibilita a interação com o acervo, o compartilhamento de ideias e a continuidade da criação, em diálogo com sua memória. A abordagem toma como ponto de partida entrevistas com criadores e residentes, a fim de demonstrar a dimensão cultural da iniciativa, sua relevância e originalidade. Inclui, ainda, reflexões sobre a simbologia da casa, na linha de Bachelard. Partindo do pressuposto que essa forma de ocupação do patrimônio imaterial se insere num imaginário característico dapós-modernidade, o referencial teórico abarca Maffesoli e Bourriaud, a fim de refletir sobre as novas formas de relação no âmbito da cultura.
A relação entre memória de trabalho e competência leitora em crianças do 3º ano fundamental
Authors: Fujii Renata Callipo , Weissheimer Janaina
Published: March 2018

Ler e escrever são direitos essenciais, que envolvem dimensões individuais e coletivas (UNESCO, 2005). No entanto, os transtornos de leitura e déficits em funções executivas podem tornar essa atividade árdua. Buscamos investigar o desenvolvimento da competência leitora de 43 alunos do 3º ano em escolas da rede pública de Natal-RN e sua relação com a capacidade de memória de trabalho, através da Provinha Brasil e de testes de memória de trabalho (AWMA – Automated Working Memory Assessment). As Provinhas Brasil dos alunos, participantes do Projeto ACERTA – Avaliação de Crianças em Risco de Transtornos de Aprendizagem (CAPES/OBEDUC) – foram analisadas e comparadas aos escores dos testes de memória de trabalho. Os resultados indicam que a competência leitora dos alunos está ligada à sua capacidade de memória de trabalho, principalmente no que diz respeito ao componente fonológico.
Hipermercado, hiperterrorismo, hipertexto
Authors: Barberena Ricardo , Centenaro Natasha
Published: March 2018

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First record of Mansoa minensis M.M.Silva-Castro (Bignoniaceae, Bignonieae) in Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Udulutsch Renata Giassi , Siqueira Geovane Souza , Dias Pedro
Published: March 2018

Mansoa minensis M.M.Silva-Castro is reported for the first time for the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. We provide an updated description, comparisons with closely related species, and suggest a revised conservation status for this species. We also present an identification key for all species of Mansoa that occur in Espírito Santo.
Social sustainability efficacy of construction projects in the pre-construction phase
Authors: Sodangi Mahmoud
Published: March 2018

Despite the well-defined and established social factors and processes influencing project sustainability performance in the design and planning stages of construction projects, these factors and processes are at best qualitative in nature and could not be directly applied to measure quantitatively the qualitative impacts of the project on society. Thus, this paper proposes a quantitative model that uses an efficacy index to determine the actual efficacy level of the social sustainability of a construction project during the pre-construction stage. The model development required determining the factors that influence the social sustainability efficacy of a construction project, which was done through a methodical review of literature as well as using an expert-based approach. Construction projects can now be assessed and categorised based on their social sustainability efficacy evaluation scores. The evaluation scores obtained from the model indicate the social sustainability performance rating for the project, which would seek to highlight areas seeking improvement and improve the project’s overall efficacy in a social context. Above all, this study introduced a different technique that attaches high significance to project stakeholders, users, workforce and local communities in order to attain sustainability in construction projects.
Optimising subordinate net points layout of express enterprise with SCE-UA algorithm
Authors: Yu Bin , Wang Huaizhu , Song Xiaolin , Zhao Zhigang , Tian Zhihui , Yao Baozhen
Published: March 2018

The layout of net points plays a key role in the operation of an enterprise. Research on the layout of net points and optimisation of express enterprises has important practical significance. In this paper an optimisation model is developed, which takes minimising the total cost of the subordinate net points layout of express enterprises as the objective function on the premise of guaranteed express delivery time. The aim of the optimisation model is to reduce the cost of enterprises; it also takes customer satisfaction into consideration. The shuffled complex evolution method developed at the University of Arizona (SCE-UA) algorithm is applied to solve the optimisation problem. Finally, to test the accuracy of the proposed optimisation model, the current subordinate net points layout of ZTO Express in Dalian city is used as the case study. The result shows that the proposed model provides a good performance in term of obtaining the optimal form of quantity and spatial layout of subordinate net points. The result also indicates that the proposed model can provide practical methods and ideas for express enterprises in terms of planning and distributing subordinate net points in the future.
A novel decision-making support model based on value of time for public transport planning
Authors: Gulhan Gorkem , Ozuysal Mustafa
Published: March 2018

Knowing exactly the value of time (VoT) for an individual may be a focus, resultant or definer in transportation planning. In a conventional transit planning paradigm, the decisions that have to be primarily implemented, along with the implementation programs, are determined through heuristic rather than analytical methods. Calculation of the VoT for each zone and scrutiny of these values through the correlation of transit surveys may be crucial in the process of determining investible zones. In the implementation process, the VoT for a zone may be evaluated as a primary selection indicator and thus efficient use of resources may be provided and sustainable development may be ensured. In this study, transit surveys were categorised and VoT estimates were then compared. The investments and interventions generated by evaluating the needs, complaints and expectations of transit users in different zones were sorted by considering the VoT. An analytical model was thus generated for transit planners, policy-makers and decision-makers to determine primarily investable zones in the implementation levels of urban transit planning. A case study revealed that reliability, driver behaviour, route and stop condition indicators provide consistency in selecting the zone priority.
Discourse on Meaning Reconstruction of Lost Heritage of Urban Spaces: Focused on the Cheonggyecheon in Seoul and the San Antonio River Walk
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kim Song-Yi , Park Jin-Han
Published: March 2018

South Korea has experienced radical modernization, and this has caused changes to many urban spaces with important history behind them. The purpose of this study is to discuss the reconstruction of lost heritage of urban spaces. This study investigates the case of Cheonggeycheon, which has been at the center of urban modernization in Seoul, including how it has been physically altered, how its relationship with citizens has changed, and what and how contemporary people remember, perceive, and feel about it. In addition, by simultaneously investigating the case of the San Antonio River Walk, this study finds implications that can be used to reconstruct the meaning of the heritage of Cheonggyecheon. This study employs a qualitative study methodology, named the Constructive Grounded Theory Method. Data gathering was conducted through literature review, in-depth interviews, and focus group interviews. The results show that the radical physical changes of Cheonggyecheon have severely restricted the formation and continuation of citizens' relationships and memories associated with it, and this has obscured its meaning as a form of heritage. The case of the San Antonio River Walk shows that memories accumulated over a long period of time associated with a specific place contribute to an emotional attachment toward that place and increase the desire to maintain it as heritage. This study suggests a couple of subjects for further discussion and practical alternatives for reconstructing the meaning of lost heritage of urban spaces. It also attempts to deliver the message that recovering lost traditional values and identity is necessary.
The Effect of Mobile Learning Attributes on Perceived Performance and Satisfaction of Hospitality and Tourism Students’ Foreign Language Education: Comparative Analysis Focused on Self-Directed Learning Theory
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Cho Bo-Eun , Yoon Ji-Hwan
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the four factors of mobile learning (personalization, interactivity, ubiquity, and working-level availability) on perceived performance and satisfaction on hospitality and tourism students’ foreign language education based on the self-directed learning theory. To this end, a total of 275 surveys collected from March 27 to April 21, 2017, in the Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gimcheon areas were analyzed. The results of multiple regression analyses indicated that students’ perceived performance and satisfaction were affected by the four factors of mobile learning. Furthermore, a high self-directed learning cluster was crucial in comprehending perceived performance, while a low self-directed learning cluster did not affect satisfaction. Findings of the study contribute to a better understanding of mobile learning and can provide schools and instructors with opportunities to revise the existing curriculums of foreign language courses, which, in turn, can improve performance of hospitality and tourism students.
Eleuthería en Aristóteles
Authors: Zagal Arreguín Héctor
Published: March 2018

La eleuthería tiene una connotación política y cultural para los antiguos griegos. Refiere la condición libre de los ciudadanos griegos frente a los pueblos bárbaros que prefieren el gobierno tiránico. Platón y Aristóteles, además, hablan de la eleuthería en un sentido moral; esto es, como la condición libre del hombre virtuoso. Pero Aristóteles se refiere a una virtud en concreto: la liberalidad. La liberalidad supone el uso prudente de las riquezas, es decir, el justo medio entre la avaricia y la prodigalidad. Pero el ejercicio de esta virtud repercute en el ámbito político. Primero, porque la ciudadanía presupone en sí misma la virtud moral. Segundo, porque en el núcleo de la liberalidad radica la estabilidad de la pólis; la avaricia o la ambición desmedidas son las que ponen en peligro la estabilidad de la pólis. Por lo tanto, eleuthería tiene un sentido unitario, que va del ámbito privado al político.
Viviendo en co-herencia con la filosofía cínica: Hiparquia de Maronea
Authors: Zamora Calvo José María
Published: March 2018

Este artículo intenta aproximarse a la figura femenina de Hiparquia de Maronea, identificando su lugar dentro del cinismo antiguo, movimiento filosófico contestatario de finales del siglo iv a. C. Su figura sería ejemplo de una mujer “extradoméstica”, opuesta completamente a la imagen de la mujer ateniense que permanece recluida en el interior de la casa, respetando celosamente las leyes del silencio. Al respecto, para descifrar las claves de Hiparquia, es fundamental y muy significativo considerar el “matrimonio de perros” (kynogamía) como la expresión más elevada del éros cínico. La kynogamía implica una ruptura radical con el matrimonio convencional, en cuanto institución religiosa, social y política que determina en el oîkos el lugar de las mujeres en la antigüedad, y constituye el punto culminante de la unión erótica cínica, al poner de manifiesto su “indiferencia” (adiaphoría) respecto al acto sexual. Hiparquia, comparada con Artemisa, se sitúa en los confines de lo salvaje, unida a su esposo, Crates de Tebas, vive en co-herencia según las leyes de la naturaleza.
Los individuos en la multitud
Authors: Espinosa Antón Francisco Javier
Published: March 2018

La filosofía política de Spinoza se basa en los conceptos de potencia y multitud, pues, para él, el poder se define por la potencia de la multitud. La cohesión de la multitud es capital para que tenga potencia política. Pero esta cohesión no deriva de la homogeneidad de los individuos, sino que la fuerza de la multitud depende de la riqueza y la diversidad de sus individuos, juntamente con la unión que proporciona la búsqueda del bien común. De esa manera la pluralidad y riqueza de individuos diversos, autónomos y críticos, no debilita la comunidad política, sino que la potencia, ni la individualidad se pierde en la multitud, sino que se fortalece.
Recognition, Rights and Redistribution
Authors: Neményi Mária , Messing Vera , Szikra Dorottya
Published: March 2018

This special issue of Intersections. EEJSP is dedicated to some of the central concerns of contemporary sociology: recognition, rights, and redistribution. These are three interrelated and often contrasted subjects that have occupied a special place in the works of Júlia Szalai, one of Hungary’s leading sociologists. Szalai, besides being an early pioneer of sociological research in her own country, is also well known outside Hungary for her international and comparative investigations of inequality and poverty, her research on ethnic minorities, and especially the Roma, as well as her work on the welfare state. Her research has involved close co-operation with colleagues from all over Europe from Scotland to Sweden, from Slovakia to Romania and Serbia. This is why, besides a special issue being dedicated to her in Socio.hu: Social Science Review in Hungarian, a ‘twin-issue’ of Intersections. EEJSP is also being published to allow her friends and colleagues from around Europe to celebrate Júlia Szalai on her birthday. Intersections. EEJSP and Socio.hu are both on-line social science journals based within the Hungarian Academy of Sciences where Szalai started her research career in the 1970s, and where she has served as Professor Emerita in recent years while also teaching and undertaking research at the Central European University. These two journal special issues thus also symbolize the gratitude of the Center for Social Sciences, and within this, the Institute for Sociology, to Szalai for the teaching and inspiration her colleagues and friends have received from her for nearly half a century.
Investigation of mechanical behavior of wood polymer nanocomposites (WPNs) samples using static vickers microhardness tester
Authors: AŞIKUZUN Elif , KAYMAKCI Alperen
Published: March 2018

Aim of study: In this study, XRD and Vickers microhardness analyses of wood polymer

nanocomposites (WPNs) materials are carried out in detail. Especially, we are focused on the mechanical

analysis.

Area of study: Pine wood flour (40 mesh) as lignocellulosic filler obtained from a

commercial WPC manufacturer (sema wood) in Tekirdag, Turkey are used.

Material and Methods: Polypropylene, nano TiO2 and coupling agent

are used in the experiments. Depending on the nanocomposite groups, granulated

polymer, wood flour, nano TiO2 and MAPP are mixed. Then this mixture

is compounded in a laboratory scale twin-screw extruder at 40 rpm screw speed.

Main results: According to the obtained hardness results, all of the materials show RISE

(Reverse Indentation Size Effect) behavior. Experimental microhardness results

are compared with the mathematical models (Meyer's law, Proportional sample

Resistance (PSR), Elastic/Plastic Deformation (EPD) and Indentation-Induced Cracking (IIC) models) used in the microhardness analysis of materials in the

literature and the most suitable model for microhardness values of materials

was determined. According to the models, IIC model is the most

suitable to determine the micromechanical properties.

Research highlights: Structural and mechanical properties of WPNs materials are investigated. The increase in

the microhardness values of the all sample depends on the increase of applied

load. In addition, the microhardness values decrease with

increased TiO2 concentration in the samples and microhardness

values reach a saturation region at around for the samples.
Single-molecule mRNA detection and counting in mammalian tissue v1
Authors: Lyubimova Anna , Itzkovitz Shalev , Philipp Junker Jan , Peng Fan Zi , Wu Xuebing , van Oudenaarden Alexander
Published: March 2018

We present a protocol for visualizing and quantifying single mRNA molecules in mammalian (mouse and human) tissues. In the approach described here, sets of about 50 short oligonucleotides, each labeled with a single fluorophore, are hybridized to target mRNAs in tissue sections. Each set binds to a single mRNA molecule and can be detected by fluorescence microscopy as a diffraction-limited spot. Tissue architecture is then assessed by counterstaining the sections with DNAdye (DAPI), and cell borders can be visualized with a dye-coupled antibody. Spots are detected automatically with custom-made software, which we make freely available. The mRNA molecules thus detected are assigned to single cells within a tissue semiautomatically by using a graphical user interface developed in our laboratory. In this protocol, we describe an example of quantitative analysis of mRNA levels and localization in mouse small intestine. The procedure (from tissue dissection to obtaining data sets) takes 3 d. Data analysis will require an additional 3–7 d, depending on the type of analysis.
Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) triggered by galvanic vestibular stimulation recorded in the lower limbs v1
Authors: Labanca Ludimila , Fonseca de Morais Caporali Júlia , Campelo Tavares Maurício , Utsch Gonçalves Denise
Published: March 2018

Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is a method that stimulates the vestibular afferents with a small current, triggering a motor reflex response in the posture-controlling muscles. This response can be captured by electromyography (EMG) and is called vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP). The VEMP triggered by GVS (galvanic-VEMP) assesses the central pathways of the vestibular system. When the EMG responses are recorded in the lower limbs, galvanic-VEMP provides information about the function of the vestibulospinal tract extending from the cervical to the lumbar spine. Galvanic-VEMP is a safe, low-cost, and easily performed test which has been used to investigate spinal cord function in cases of trauma, tumor, ischemia, and infection. Our research group has been using galvanic-VEMP to follow patients with diseases that cause postural disabilities, such as Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy (HAM), Schistosomal myeloradiculopathy, and Parkinson’s disease. This protocol aims at showing how to perform VEMP triggered by galvanic vestibular stimulation with the EMG responses being recorded in the lower limbs.
Intestine cell dissociation v3
Authors: Potter Andrew
Published: March 2018

Protocol for human intestine cell dissociation.
Internet and Market perspectives of Non Wood Forest Products: the case of mushrooms, truffles and herbs of Greek SMEs
Authors: Kalfagianni Agni , Andreopoulou Zacharoula
Published: March 2018

Nowadays Internet is a successful key for the promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) by offering benefits to e-commerce through Internet marketing. A vast majority of SMEs related to agri - food sector has an eminent presence in the Web. This paper studies the characteristics and the connection between Internet and Social media Market of Non Wood Forest Products especially of Mushrooms, Truffles and Herbs of Greek SMEs. The research compares the connection between a social media profile of SMEs and its official website in firms in the above sector. As it derives through this study there is not a specific correlation that improves a connection between the SMEs profile of a social media and its website and Social media predominate in the internet market. Therefore, firm owners should focus on social media profile characteristics and features.
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practice among the post graduate students of dentistry and physiotherapy towards adverse drug reactions reporting and pharmacovigilance at a tertiary care centre at Indore, India
Authors: Gudsurkar Gopal , Tiwari Vikalp , Solanki Mishra Pooja
Published: March 2018

Background: Pharmacovigilance knowledge and training in post graduate student doctors is key factor for proper implementation of PvPI. Often the dentists and physiotherapists who are also one of the main stakeholders for ADR reporting are neglected for training and knowledge regarding pharmacovigilance. This study was planned to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of pharmacovigilance in post graduate students in tertiary care centre in Indore.Methods: It was a single point cross sectional questionnaire-based study conducted in a tertiary care Institute MGM Medical College and M.Y. Hospital in the state of Madhya Pradesh at Indore. It was conducted among post graduate student doctors from dentistry and physiotherapy. Total of 55 questionnaires were distributed, 50 of them were returned back and were analysed.Results: Overall knowledge level was average. 90% knew about ADR while 80% were aware about PVPI. 10% knew about local AMC at Indore while only 04% knew global centre for Pharmacovigilance is at Sweden Uppsala. 88% thought Med watch as global database for ADR against only 12% knew its Vigibase. 90% thought ADR reporting is necessary. 96% thought it should be included in UG curriculum. 98% had not reported any ADR till date while 84% had not seen an ADR form.Conclusions: Post graduate doctors are the prime candidates to impart the importance of pharmacovigilance. The study strongly suggested that there was a great need to create awareness and impart training among the post graduate doctors to improve the reporting of ADRs.
Anti-nociceptive effect of seed extract of Acacia tortilis in rodents
Authors: Agrawal Neeraj K. , Gupta Uma , Kothari Nitin , Chandra Shruti , Singh Rashmi , Pandey Shubham
Published: March 2018

Background: Management of pain is a primary clinical concern for any pathology in medical field. Addiction liability of opioids and troublesome gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDs   leads to intensive research for compound with lesser side effects.The aim of the study to evaluate the anti-nociceptive activity of Acacia Tortilis Seed Extract (ATE) in experimental animals.Methods: First of all, animals were randomly allocated into four groups of six animals each. In acetic acid induced writhing test model, Group I (NC) served as vehicle control received saline/Tween 80 0.1%, 10ml/kg BW orally, group II (ATE-100) and III (ATE-200) received ATE in dose of 100 and 200mg/kg BW orally respectively and group IV received the standard drug diclofenac sodium in dose of 50 mg/kg BW orally. Group I to IV were same in rest of three experimental models. One additional group of standard drugs (group V) morphine sulfate in dose of 5 mg/kg BW subcutaneously (SC) was allocated for screening method hot plate and tail flick tests.  In Formalin induced paw licking test, three additional groups (group V) morphine sulfate in dose of 5mg/kg BW SC, group VI- morphine+naloxone (5mg/kg SC +2mg/kg intra-peritoneally (IP) and group VII - ATE+ naloxone (200mg/kg BW orally +2mg/kg BW IP) were also made.Results: The ATE when administered orally in dose of 100 and 200mg/ kg body weight (BW), produced significant analgesic activity (P <0.01) in acetic acid induced writhing syndrome and late phase of formalin test. In the hot plate test in mice and tail flick test in rats, ATE in same doses also showed significant analgesic activity (P <0.05) which is almost equally efficacious to standard drug diclofenac sodium (50mg/kg BW orally) but far less efficacious than morphine sulfate (5mg/kg BW subcutaneous).ATE (200mg/Kg BW orally) activity did not blocked by naloxone (2mg/kg intra-peritoneal).Conclusions: ATE possesss significant anti-nociceptive activity as evidenced in all the animal models of nociception. It might exert its effect through the peripheral mechanism of analgesic action possibly by interference in biosynthesis, release and/or action of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
Evaluation of levetiracetam and valproic acid as monotherapy on quality of life in patients of generalized tonic clonic epilepsy
Authors: Verma Sanjay K. , Bala Suman , Singh Yashpal , Kohli Saurabh , Kalra Juhi , Dhasmana Dilip C. , Sharma Taruna
Published: March 2018

Background: Quality of life plays an important role in patients of epilepsy and is the most neglected part during management. The antiepileptic drugs treatment results in seizure control but adversely affect the quality of life in patients.Methods: An observational analytical study was conducted in the Department of pharmacology with Department of Neurology of Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun over 12 months. 85 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria with diagnosis of generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) were enrolled and divided into two groups based on physicians discretion and followed up for 12 weeks. Patients were evaluated for quality of life by QOLIE-10 self administered questionnaire at 0 and 12 weeks, assessed for seizure control and drug related adverse effects.Results: 85 patients were enrolled and divided into two treatment arms as per physician discretion, levetiracetam (41) and valproic acid group (44). Study drugs showed significant improvement in quality of life, levetiracetam showed mean change that was significantly greater than valproic acid (p=0.003) at 12 weeks. Patients who failed to achieve seizure control at 6 weeks were 17% patients in levetiracetam and 20% in valproic acid group, reason being non-adherence which was 17% and 20% respectively. Adverse events recorded with Levetiracetam (10), most common being increased sleep and with valproic acid (18), with most common being increased sleep and weight gain.Conclusions: Levetiracetam treatment resulted in better quality of life, with similar seizure control but decreased number of adverse effect then Valproic acid.
Comparative efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibitors and α-glucosidase inhibitors as add on therapy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sahai Rajit , Sharma Taruna , Dhasmana Dilip C. , Kaeley Nidhi
Published: March 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a spectrum of metabolic disorders as a consequence of different pathogenic mechanisms resulting in hyperglycemia. A genetic predisposition to develop β-cell dysfunction synergizes with insulin resistance to lead to type 2 DM. Adequate management of type 2 DM requires institution of non pharmacological treatment followed by pharmacological treatment. Monotherapy is started initially followed by combination therapy (dual/triple). Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor and voglibose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor has been implicated as an add on therapy to metformin and glimepiride. So, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the sitagliptin and voglibose as add on therapy to metformin and glimepitide in type 2 DM.Methods: This open label randomized control trial was conducted in the department of Pharmacology among patients attending medicine OPD of a tertiary care hospital. 80 patients were randomly divided into two groups of 40 patients each. group A:sitagliptin + metformin + glimepiride and group B:voglibose + metformin + glimepiride. Patients were followed every week for a period of 12 weeks. Data was analysed using paired t test, unpaired t test and chi square test.Results: There was a significant decrease in HbA1c, FPG and PPG in both the groups. Intergroup comparison at 4, 8 and 12 weeks showed a better improvement in glycemic control in group A as compared to group B.Conclusions: Sitagliptin showed a better glycemic control than that with voglibose in patients with uncontrolled type 2 DM on metformin and glimepiride.
Effect of calcium channel blocker as anticonvulsant and its potentiating effect when used along with sodium valproate in pentylenetetrazole induced seizures in Albino rats
Authors: B. Roopa , M. Janardhan , P. Karunasree
Published: March 2018

Background: Many antiepileptic drugs were introduced for the treatment of epilepsy. Ideal antiepileptic drug should not only prevent but also correct the underlying pathophysiology without altering the normal neurotransmission. Calcium channel blockers may form such group because initiation of seizure is associated intrinsic burst firing which is triggered by large inward calcium current, so this study was done to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of amlodipine in albino rats.Methods: A total of 42 adult albino rats were included in the study and divided into 7 groups, each containing 6 rats. Group 1 received distilled water, group 2,3 received sodium valproate 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg, group 4-6 received amlodipine 1, 2, 4mg/kg and group 7 received combination of Amlodipine 1 mg/kg and sodium valproate 50mg/kg. Pentylenetetrazole induced seizures model was done and onset of myoclonic jerks, onset of clonic convulsions and duration of clonic convulsions was studied.Results: There was a significant anticonvulsant effect in Amlodipine doses 2, 4mg/kg (p <0.001). The combination of Amlodipine (1mg/kg) and Sodium valproate (50mg/kg) also had significant anticonvulsant effect.Conclusions: Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker has anticonvulsant effect and also potentiated the anticonvulsant effect of low dose sodium valproate.
Impact of metformin on the severity and outcomes of ischemic stroke
Authors: Abbasi Vahid , Amani Firouz , Faraji-Almoti Ameneh
Published: March 2018

Background: Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the United States and the most commonly diagnosed neurological disorder. About 750,000 strokes occur annually in the United States and about 150,000 people die as a result of stroke. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of Metformin on complication of ischemic strokes.Methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial study, 100 patients with ischemic stroke will be assigned randomly into two groups A and B. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) will be used to evaluate the clinical manifestations of ischemic stroke. The two groups will be followed up for 3 months. Metformin 500mg twice in a day will be administered for seven days for group (A) and placebo will be administered for seven days for group (B). Blood glucose will be checked every 6 hours and will be recorded on the blood glucose (BS) chart. Before the intervention, the NIHSS questionnaire will be recorded in one day, three days, seven days and one month, two months, and three months after the intervention will be followed up respectively.Results: In the present study, according to the neuro-protective effects of metformin, there is a significant difference in metformin taking in the reduction of NIHSS Score in non-diabetic stroke patients. There was a significant association in metformin taking and decrease in NIHSS scores in patients with cortical ischemic stroke.Conclusions: According to the results, in patients with cortical stroke, there weren’t a significant difference in NIHSS between the two groups in the first, third and seventh days but in the first, second and third months after intervention the difference was significant. Also, the results showed that metformin reduced the severity and stroke symptoms and accelerated recovery and functional output in patients with cortical stroke after the first, second and third months.
The effect of heparin prescription before primary PCI on long-term and short-term clinical and para clinical results and the mortality of patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Zamani Bijan , Abdollahi Asghar , Mardi Afrooz
Published: March 2018

Background: Primary PCI (PPCI) is the main reperfusion treatment for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Anticoagulation therapy should be administered in patients undergoing PCI in order to limit the ischemic complications. In this study, we evaluated the effect of bolus unfractionated heparin (UFH) before PPCI on clinical outcome of patients with STEMI.Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 196 patients (72.4% male with mean age of 63.02±13.37 years) with STEMI undergoing PPCI were randomly assigned to receive bolus UFH 60-90 U/kg in emergency room (case group) or during PCI (control group). Clinical outcomes, 30 day mortality, hematoma, left ventricle function improvement during follow-up were compared between groups.Results: In both groups there was good flow in the involved coronary artery after PCI. Case group compared to control group had significantly more cases with improved LVEF (28.1% vs. 9.7%, p=0.005). Also, case group compared to control group had more hematoma (3.1% vs. 0%, p=0.24) and higher mortality rate (6% vs. 4.2%, p=0.56) which had no significant difference between groups.Conclusions: PPCI in patients with STEMI accompanies with acceptable coronary flow irrespective of receiving bolus heparin. Receiving bolus heparin in these patients may have improved left ventricle function by increasing the rate of reflow. However, using bolus heparin did not accompany with increased rate of bleeding and had no effect on 30 day mortality rate.
Cross sectional study on prevalence and medication adherence of hypertension and diabetes in a tertiary care hospital in Karimnagar, India
Authors: Kalyani S. Sre Akshaya , Pendota Srihitha , Katnapally Abhinay Sharma , Porandla Dharanija , Bheemreddy Sandeep
Published: March 2018

Background: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes mellitus(DM) and other diseases along with comorbid conditions, disease complications and also to assess medication adherence in a tertiary hospital in Karimnagar, Telangana, India.Methods: A Cross sectional study is performed by analysing a total of 500 patient’s individual case safety reports (ICSR). Prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes along with most prescribed drugs are analysed. Medication adherence is analysed by using Morisky Medication adherence questionnaire scale (MMAS-4).Results: Patients with past history of DM, HTN and other diseases which was found to be 245 (49%) patients. Patients with highest disease prevalence were found to be with HTN (56.73%), DM (31.83%) followed by other diseases like asthma (8.57%), Cerebrovascular accident (4.89%) etc., Total of 66 Patients were ruled out with comorbid diseases. Patients with HTN+DM (47) were found to be highest followed by DM+HTN+CVA (4). MMAS-4 revealed 208 patients were using medication out of 245 patients with previous history. According to MMAS-4 most of the patients were with medium adherence (76). Prevalent drug used for HTN include Amlodipine and for DM Telmisartan+Hydrochlorthiazide.Conclusions: The study revealed that almost half of the admitted patients were with HTN and DM. The patients were counselled properly to adhere strictly to the prescription. Medication adherence to HTN and DM was found to be good in this study. Since the disease complications were also ruled out, the health care professionals are recommended to spread awareness on DM and HTN and disease management in order to control disease and improve health outcomes.
Aceclofenac induced morbilliform eruptions: a case report
Authors: . Priyanki , Sinha Praveen Kumar , Suman Shruti , Mishra Pranay Kumar
Published: March 2018

Maculopapular or morbilliform eruptions may be the most common of all cutaneous drug reactions. Antimicrobials, NSAIDS, barbiturates, anticonvulsants, oral hypoglycemics etc. have been commonly implicated in these adverse reactions (ADR). Here, authors are presenting a case of a 38-year-old female with morbilliform eruptions due to aceclofenac for the treatment of joint pain. The patient was treated with antihistaminics, steroids, antimicrobials and local application of GV paint. She was discharged after eleven days with good recovery.
Relationship between the resected stomach volume and early postoperative weight loss following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Salman Mohammed Abd Allah , Elshazly Mostafa , Ragab Amr Ali , Hegazy Tarek Osama
Published: March 2018

Background: The aim of the study was evaluation of the effect of the resected gastric volume (RGV) on weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).Methods: This prospective study included 40 morbidly obese patients undergoing LSG. Multi Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) was used to measure preoperative stomach volume and sleeve volume. The actual RGV was measured after surgery. The primary outcome measure was the relation between RGV and percentage of excess body weight loss (%EBWL) after 3 and 6 months. The secondary outcome was early postoperative complications.Results: The mean preoperative BMI was 43.5±4.3 kg/m2. The actual RGV was substantially correlated with that estimated by CT (r=0.996, p<0.001). The former was significantly larger with a mean deviation of 17.6 cc (95%CI: 12.2-23.0 kg). The actual and CT-estimated RGV were positively correlated with% EBWL after 3 months (r=0.361, p=0.022 and r=0.471, p<0.001, respectively) and after 6 months (r=0.466, p=0.002 and r=0.553, p<0.001, respectively). Percentage of volume reduction was positively correlated with weight reduction after 3 and 6 months (r=0.0.525, p=0.001 and r=0.564, p<0.001, respectively).Conclusions: The resected gastric volume during LSG was significantly correlated with weight reduction after 3 and 6 months of surgery. Sleeve volume was not correlated with early weight reduction. MDCT is a reliable method to measure gastric volume before and after surgery.