bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P-19 A PATIENT WITH ATYPICAL PARATHYROID ADENOMA
Authors: Karataş Aslı , Yavuz Di̇lek Gogas
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Primary hyperparathyroidism is most frequently caused by a parathyroid adenoma, occasionally by parathyroid hyperplasia, rarely by atypical parathyroid adenoma and parathyroid carcinoma. Here, we present a case diagnosed as PHPT pathology revealed atypical parathyroid adenoma.

Clinical Case

A 49-year-old male patient was referred to our endocrinology clinic because of hypercalcemia identified for the investigation of nephrolithiasis. The patient reported no hypercalcemia-related symptoms. His physical checkup was unremarkable.

The results of the laboratory investigations were as follows: calcium 10.9 mg/dL (8.8–10.6), albumin 4.2 g/dL (3.5–5.2), phosphorus 2.15 mg/dL (2.5–4.5), 25-OH vitamin D 13 μg/L, PTH 142 ng/L (15–65), creatinine 0.59 mg/dL (0–1.2), and 24-hour urine calcium 647.4 mg/day (0–300).

Neck ultrasonography revealed two hypoechoic nodules, the biggest measuring 13.5 x 9 mm in the right thyroid lobe. Parathyroid scintigraphy revealed no typical signs consistent with a parathyroid adenoma in the neck or mediastinum. Four-dimensional computed tomography of the neck revealed an 8 mm, well-circumscribed, bilobed lesion in the posterior-inferior region of the right thyroid lobe, that did not augment with intravenous contrast and was regarded as an exophytic thyroid nodule.

A fine-needle aspiration biopsy was done and the results were reported as follicular lesions of uncertain significance. A PTH washout test was performed on the same nodule, resulting in a value of almost 5000 ng/L. A choline PET/CT scan revealed a 13 mm soft tissue lesion with enhanced radiotracer uptake (SUV max: 5.39) posterior to the lower pole of the right thyroid lobe, indicating a parathyroid adenoma.

The patient underwent a right thyroid lobectomy and the right inferior pole parathyroid adenoma was excised. The surgical specimen's histopathological investigation revealed neoplastic parathyroid tissue with lack of reticulin architecture and fibrotic bands, abnormal lack of parafibromin staining indicating an atypical parathyroid adenoma.

The postoperative calcium level was 9.7 mg/dL, the phosphorus level was 2.8 mg/dL, and the PTH level was 65.2 ng/L.

Conclusion

Atypical parathyroid adenoma is very rare and hard to diagnose. Its prognosis is unclear, so regular surveillance is crucial. The patient is closely monitored for recurrence.
P-23 MANAGEMENT OF X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS IN A YOUNG MALE PATIENT
Authors: Mohammed Adel Gassab , Al Waeli Dheyaa Kadhim
Published: January 2025

Introduction

X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by phosphate wasting, leading to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. We present the case of a 21-year-old male diagnosed with XLH, highlighting the clinical features, diagnostic approach, and management strategies employed.

XLH is the most common form of heritable rickets, caused by mutations in the PHEX gene. It manifests as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, accompanied by bone pain, muscle weakness, and skeletal deformities. We discuss a case emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management.

Clinical Case

Mr. AH, a 21-year-old single, non-smoking male, presented with bowing of the legs and was found to have elevated urine phosphate levels. Laboratory tests revealed a calcium level of 9.3 mg/dL, phosphate level of 2.19 mg/dL, parathyroid hormone (PTH) level of 20.98 pg/mL, and vitamin D was not evaluated at the time of presentation. His stature was notably short for his age, with a height of 130 cm and a weight of 50 kg. Blood pressure was recorded at 130/70 mmHg.

The patient's clinical presentation, alongside laboratory findings indicative of hypophosphatemia, elevated urine phosphate, and an inappropriately normal PTH level, led to the diagnosis of XLH. The diagnosis was further supported by the characteristic skeletal deformities observed.

Initially, the patient was managed with phosphate supplements and active vitamin D analogs. Specifically, he was prescribed Zoledronic acid (Zometa) 4mg injection, One Alpha (alfacalcidol) 0.25 mcg tab leo minepharma 2x2, and Diabase tab (calcitriol) 50000 IU weekly. This treatment regimen aimed to correct the hypophosphatemia, improve bone mineralization, and ameliorate the clinical symptoms.

Managing XLH necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on correcting phosphate levels, supplementing vitamin D, and addressing skeletal deformities. Zoledronic acid, an antiresorptive agent, along with phosphate and vitamin D supplementation, can effectively manage these aspects. However, monitoring for complications such as nephrocalcinosis is crucial.

Conclusion

This case underscores the complexities of diagnosing and managing XLH. Early intervention and a tailored therapeutic strategy are pivotal in improving patient outcomes, highlighting the necessity for awareness and understanding of this rare condition among clinicians.
P-29 HONEYMOON IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Duran İffet Dağdelen
Published: January 2025

Introduction

During pregnancy there is a partial decrease in the function of immune system which would end with suppression of autoimmune diseases, even type 1 diabetes (T1DM) (1-2). We report a pregnant women with T1DM who was suffering from severe hypoglycemia even with very low insulin dosages in her third trimester.

Clinical Case

A 27 year old young lady was referred to our clinic with HbA1c level of 12.7%. She had no symptom other than slight nausea and dry mouth. Her β-HCG level was 55 mIU/ml and her plasma glucose level was 435 mg/dl. She was diagnosed with T1DM about one year ago, was started with intensive insulin regimen about 80 IU/day totally, which she did not use ever since. We hospitalized her and started intravenous (IV) hydration and IV insulin, which we switched to subcutaneous insulin. She was educated by our dietitian and by our diabetes-clinic nurse. As the insulin dosages increased, it was detected that she was pregnant. She was offered for therapeutic abortus but did not accept. Her blood glucose measurements improved and she was discharged with morning: 12 IU, afternoon:8 IU, evening:15 IU insulin aspart and night:18 IU insulin detemir dosages. In the follow up, her Hba1c level decreased to 8.7 % in the 2nd month and to 6.7% at the 20th week. Her fasting blood glucose levels were between 87-102 mg/dl and 1st hour postprandial levels were between 110-137 mg/dl. She dropped from the follow up by her own decision. At her 30th pregnancy week, she came with hypoglycemia and she had decreased her insulin dosages to morning: 2 IU, afternoon: 2IU, evening: 3IU insulin aspart and no insulin detemir. Her plasma cortisol level was 18 mcg/dl, alanine aminotransferase (ALT): 12 IU/L, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT): 28 IU/L, creatinine (Cre):0.8 mg/dl, and Hba1c:5.3%. Her abdominal ultrasonography (USG) was normal. She was diagnosed with honeymoon period in T1DM and was informed about strict blood glucose measurement.

Conclusion

T1DM would disappear for a long while or regress greatly in some pregnant women even in the late years of their disease (2). Insulin -free period after the pregnancy would last even two and a half years or huge reduction in insulin dosage during pregnany period would even start after 20 years of T1DM (2). In our case, the patient started to use very low insulin dosages at around 30th pregnancy week and after one and half year of her diagnosis of T1DM.
P-43 OUR OBJECTIVE WAS TO PRESENT A CASE WITH FUNCTIONING GONADOTROPH ADENOMA
Authors: Soltanova Lala , Sahin Serdar , Kadıoğlu Pınar
Published: January 2025

Clinical Case 

A 36-year-old woman was admitted to the Gynecology department with menstrual irregularity (oligomenorrhea) for 3 months. Pelvic ultrasound detected multiseptated cysts of variable size in both ovaries. Prolactin value was 3 times elevated (63 ng/ml) and 13 mm macroadenoma was detected on pituitary MRI. The patient was initiated on cabergoline treatment 2 days a week. Following 2.5 years of treatment, the patient's menstrual irregularities remained intermittent. The estrogen value in the follicular phase was 3007 pg/ml. Breast USG was normal and endometrial thickness was increased and curettage was performed. The pathology confirmed polyps and estrogen level decreased to 1207 pg/ml after curettage however increased again after 3 months. The patient was referred to the endocrinology department.

The patient with menstrual irregularities continued to have laboratory findings in accordance with hypergonotropic hypergonadism and control sellar MRI was performed. (Figure-1)

A macroadenoma measuring 18x17x15 mm (CCxLMxAP), hyperdense on T1, isodense on T2, mildly deviating the optic chiasm superiorly was operated by the neurosurgery team. Histopathological examination revealed LH and FSH positive gonadotropic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor.

The patient's menstrual cycle improved in the 6-month postoperative follow-up. Control sellar MRI showed no residual mass.

Functional gonadotroph adenomas (FGA) were detected in our patient. Menstrual irregularity was originally considered as hyperprolactinemia. However, while hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is expected in prolactinoma, the presence of hypergonadotropic hypergonadism in our patient is an important distinguishing sign from prolactinoma.Figure 1:  Table 1:
O-14 A RARE CASE OF PULMONARY SARCOIDOSIS IN PATIENT WITH FOLLICULAR THYROID CANCER
Authors: Gabidzashvili Nino , Arabuli Bakur , Vinogradskaya Olga , Nakaidze Nana , Mikaberidze Ana , Dophidze Elene , Ambriashvili Kristi , Tsiskarishvili Nino , Jangavadze Mikheil
Published: January 2025

Introduction

As a rule, follicular thyroid cancer is a mildly aggressive type of cancer. However, follow-up after radical treatment consists of assessing the achievement of structural and biochemical remission. If a metastatic process is suspected, additional examination is carried out. Rarely, it is possible to detect a second malignant tumor in the same patient or granulomatous diseases, which complicates differential diagnostics.

Clinical Case

A 53-year-old patient was diagnosed with multinodular goiter a long time ago. She contacted the clinic to determine follow-up based on the results of a biopsy of the left lobe nodule of the thyroid gland which corresponded to BSRTC IV (follicular neoplasm). Left hemi-thyroidectomy was indicated. Intraoperative pathology corresponded to follicular cancer so total thyroidectomy was performed. Postoperative histological examination confirmed follicular cancer 2.2x2.0 cm pT2N0. Radioactive iodine therapy (80 mCi) was performed. After therapy, a whole body scan revealed a focus of retention in the neck, centrally and paramedianly on the left. She received LT4 suppressive therapy. At the first control after combined therapy: TG - 14.7 ng/mL, Anti-TG - normal. After 4 months suppressive therapy: TG - 5.52 ng/mL, Anti-TG - normal. Thyroid ultrasound revealed the lymph nodes with suspicion ultrasound characteristic in the left III and IV zones. Cytological examination showed a picture of hyperplastic lymphadenitis, malignant cells were not detected. CT scan of the chest detected sharply enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Thoracoscopy with excision of the paraaortic lymph nodes was performed. Histological examination showed granulomatous lymphadenitis (sarcoidosis). Methylprednisolone therapy was initiated, LT4 suppressive therapy is ongoing.

Conclusion

Our case demonstrates the complexity of differential diagnosis in suspected metastases of follicular thyroid cancer.
Long-term Outcomes of Feminizing Genitoplasty in DSD: Genital Morphology, Sensitivity, Sexual Function, and Satisfaction
Authors: Bag Min Jeong , Inacio Marlene , Bachega Tânia Aparecida Sartori Sanchez , Batista Rafael Loch , Madureira Guiomar , Costa Elaine Maria Frade , Domenice Sorahia , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho , Dénes Francisco Tibor , Sircili Maria Helena Palma
Published: January 2025

Context

Understanding long-term outcomes and patient satisfaction with feminizing genitoplasty (FG) in patients with differences of sexual development (DSD) is crucial for optimizing treatment protocols.

Objective

To evaluate long-term morphological and functional results and patients’ satisfaction in a cohort of DSD patients submitted to FG.

Design

Cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study conducted from 1965 to 2016 with follow-up assessments.

Setting

Tertiary care center.

Patients or Other Participants

Sixty DSD female patients, including 36 with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and 24 with non-CAH DSD etiology, who underwent FG.

Intervention(s)

FG procedures were performed, and results were analyzed based on age at surgery and surgical techniques used.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Surgical results, genital sensitivity, sexual function, and patient satisfaction.

Results

Ninety-one percent of patients had normal clitoral size, and 85% had separated perineal orifices. Three patients with persistent urogenital sinus did not report symptoms. Genital sensitivity to mechanical and vibratory stimuli was similar to control groups. No CAH patients experienced overall sexual dysfunction, while 3 non-CAH patients and 4 control women reported reduced sexual desire and arousal. Eighty-nine percent of patients preferred surgery during childhood, and 97% were satisfied with their surgical outcomes.

Conclusion

FG outcomes in this cohort were satisfactory, with no significant impact on genital sensitivity or sexual function. Most patients preferred early surgery and reported high satisfaction with the results. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in broader populations.
Dissecting Tumor Size Underestimation in Pancreatic Cancer: A Comparative Analysis of Preoperative Treatments
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuki , Kishi Yoji , Tsunenari Takazumi , Yonamine Naoto , Takao Mikiya , Einama Takahiro , Tsujimoto Hironori , Ueno Hideki
Published: January 2025

Background

Tumor size (TS) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most important prognostic factors. However, discrepancies between TS on preoperative images (TSi) and pathological specimens (TSp) have been reported. This study aims to evaluate the factors associated with the differences between TSi and TSp.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed patients with PDAC who underwent surgery at our institution between January 2010 and November 2023. TS discrepancy (TSD[%]) was defined as ([TSp − TSi]/TSp) × 100. Using logistic regression, we generated a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to define the cutoff for TSi underestimation predicting clinical tumor (T) stage migration. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of TSi underestimation.

Results

Of the 231 patients, 99 (42%) patients received preoperative chemotherapy. The ROC curve determined a TSD underestimation cutoff of 25.9%. The number of TSp > TSi cases was 185 (80%), and TSi underestimation was present in 117 (51%) patients. T stage migration rates were 76%, 26%, and 50% in clinical stage (c) T1, cT2, cT3, respectively, among the patients with chemotherapy, and 93%, 33%, and 14%, respectively, in those without chemotherapy. Multivariate analyses revealed that independent predictors of TSi underestimation were posterior surface invasion in the patients with preoperative chemotherapy and anterior surface invasion in those without chemotherapy.

Conclusions

TS was more commonly underestimated than overestimated, and cT1 rarely corresponded to pathological (p)T1. The factors contributing to TSi underestimation differed between patients with and without preoperative chemotherapy. Therefore, these two groups should be considered separately for accurate TSi evaluation.
Why is it important? Financial literacy in students in entrepreneurship: A systematic literature review
Authors: Romadhon Dwi Nanda Akhmad , Mulyadi Hari
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to analyze financial literacy in students a foundational understanding of personal finance management in addition to more intricate financial concepts like corporate risk analysis and capital management techniques. A comprehensive evaluation of the literature has been conducted by locating 155 studies from different sources. 36 papers were determined to be pertinent for the current investigation after the 155 research were eliminated based on selection criteria. The results of the study show that financial literacy has a significant impact on the success of students in entrepreneurship, both in planning, management, and business development. This article also provides recommendations for the development of a more comprehensive entrepreneurship education curriculum, which integrates financial literacy as a core competency. This paper develops a research model that can be used for universities or policymakers who need to create financial skills in entrepreneurial students in order to improve financial performance.
Achieving reproducibility in the innovation process
Authors: Whelan Maurice , Patterson Eann
Published: January 2025

Reproducibility is essential for innovation but is often hard to achieve in practice. One reason for this is a lack of appreciation of what needs to be reproduced and how in each phase of the innovation process. In the discovery phase, conclusions need to be reproduced through orthogonal investigation. In the translation phase, key attributes and outputs of derived products or processes should be reproducible by defining transferable specifications and protocols, whereas in the application phase, the goal is to achieve reproducible performance in real-world environments through appropriate quality assurance systems.
Prag, Holz und die Johanniter in der zweiten Hälfte des 14. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Jan Libor
Published: January 2025

Prague, wood and the Hospitaller in the second half of the 14th century
 
This article emphasizes the role of wood for many areas of human activity in the Middle Ages. Of course, this is also connected with the timber trade and its transport, for which waterways were primarily used. On the basis of two sources, namely a visitation of the Hospitaller commanderies in the Prague archdiocese from 1373 and a torso of the accounts of the same religious house from the 1480s, the author shows the mechanisms of these activities, which were carried out under the direction of the Prague commanderies. For the Prague Hospitallers, the enclave to the south upstream of the Vltava River was important, where they owned several villages as well as adjacent forests. The centre was the farmstead (curia) in Varvažov, whose administrator was one of the knightly members of the Prague Convent. The transport by boat of the timber assembled into rafts was carried out mainly by the serfs from Varvažov, Nevězice and Zbonín, who were burdened with only small financial contributions. With the price of one raft between costing 12‒32 Prague groats, the Order was able to earn almost 100 three-scores (i.e. 6,000 groats) annually, which was divided in half between the Prague Commander and the administrator from Varvažov. However, the order’s witnesses, Commander Pesslin and Prior Nicholas, did not mention the timber trade at all in their visitations.
Ungarischer Wein im mittelalterlichen Preußen
Authors: Pósán László
Published: January 2025

Hungarian wine in medieval Prussia
In the Middle Ages, Prussia imported wine from all of the wine-producing regions of medieval Europe, including Hungarian wine from the beginning of the 15th century. Sigismund of Luxembourg, King of Hungary, was the first one to send wine to the Teutonic Order, and the first shipment was soon followed by others. Thus, Hungarian wine not only appealed to Prussian consumers, but also created an immediate demand for it. During the 15th century, Hungarian wine became available on the Prussian markets, although never in great quantities. This was due to the fact that it was not considered a drink for everyday consumption, but a highly prestigious one to be served on special, festive occasions. The best wine in Hungary at the time was produced in the south, in the wine-growing region of Syrmia, which was described in the second half of the 15th century by the Italian humanist Galeotto Marzio as “so sweet that it would be difficult to find a match for it in the whole world”. The wines of the Syrmia region could be best compared to today’s Tokaj szamorodni and aszú, known as dessert wines.
Neuerungen in Herstellung und Verwaltung von Schriftgut im ordenszeitlichen Preußen bis zum Beginn des 13-jährigen Krieges
Authors: Heckmann Dieter
Published: January 2025

Innovations in the production and administration of documents in Prussia during the Teutonic Order’s time until the beginning of the Thirteen Years’ War
 
If innovations in the administration of records may be regarded as the results stemming from impulses either beyond the specific reasons for writing, or beyond the need to improve clarity, then at least four of them can be recognized for the Prussian period of the Teutonic Order. These were the registration of letters in full text, the “official” translation, the recording of the pound customs receipts and the creation of collections of formulas adapted to the needs of writers, which contributed to the standardization of the administrative and legal area in Prussia. This article argues that these changes can usually be associated with the increasing employment of public notaries in the sovereign or municipal administrations of late medieval Prussia.
Play it Again, Sam? Reference-Point Formation and Product Differentiation in the Music Industry
Authors: Deshmane Abhishek , Martínez-de-Albéniz Victor
Published: January 2025

Newly released music is never assessed in isolation by audiences, who tend to compare objective (sonic attributes) and subjective (genre affiliations) elements of its identity with the previous musical catalog of the corresponding artist, his or her musically proximal peers, and the most successful releases in the market. In this paper, we provide a general framework that disentangles the objective and subjective identities of new musical releases and evaluates how differentiation affects audience reactions. We posit that radio stations, who seek commercial success, have different preferences toward differentiation in comparison with critics, who grant cultural legitimacy in the industry. Combining play numbers, reviews, and music description data from different sources, we find that radio stations prefer consistency in the musical style of successive releases by the focal artist and especially favor albums that sound similar to chart toppers. Critics, however, exhibit opposite preferences, preferring novelty compared with past works of the artist, while remaining uninfluenced by contemporaneous music dynamics. Our moderation checks reveal that decisions around genre affiliations and scheduling of new releases aid music producers to effectively manage audience expectations. This suggests that data-driven decision support systems can help artists to strategically release new products that cater to heterogeneous tastes.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, entrepreneurship and innovation.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03319 .
A complicated case of an intracranial epidermoid cyst
Authors: Dib Abdelkader , Salem Johny , Haddad Marwan , Awar Omar , Fares Mirna
Published: January 2025

Intracranial vasospasm and ischaemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) following surgical removal of intracranial tumours are rare. To our knowledge, vasospasm has been reported in only two cases following surgery, with one occurring two weeks post-surgery and the other after four days. However, ischaemic CVA following surgery has not been previously reported. We present a case in which vasospasm resulted in cerebral infarction immediately postoperatively. MRI and serial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed no flow in the internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery, with ultrasound showing multiple thrombi in the internal carotid artery and stenotic features in the left middle cerebral artery.
Letting go
Authors: Davies Emma
Published: January 2025

In the last article in a series of reflections from the sector about what practitioners would like to see prioritised in the future, Emma Davies shares more about fostering children's autonomy by creating environments where they take the lead.
Place-pedagogies of water stress
Authors: Wilson Anna , Black Gillian , Petersen Leif , Dick Liezl , Ncube Sikhululekile , Mpofu-Mketwa Tsitsi , Abrams Amber , Carden Kirsty , Piper Laurence , Dickie Jen , Hamilton-Smith Niall , Lamb Guy
Published: January 2025

This article explores the pedagogical affect of water in a place of water stress and illustrates its entanglement with dynamics of power and control. The current climate crisis is rendering already drought-prone regions ever drier, and it is often the already socially and economically disadvantaged who experience the most immediate impacts. In this article, we describe the experiences of residents in one township in South Africa’s Cape Flats to explore how water literacies have developed and been reinforced by a prolonged period of water scarcity. By analysing assemblages of images and accompanying texts produced through a PhotoVoice process undertaken by co-researchers in this settlement, we show how water’s presence as an always imminent absence has profound pedagogical impact. We also explore how water manages to escape and flow outside of attempts to control and constrain it. Finally, we speculate on the implications for place-based water literacies and the pedagogies at work in other places of water stress.
Cost-effective pulsed laser diode transmitter for efficient laser power transfer
Authors: Yigit Hayri , Boynuegri Ali Rifat
Published: January 2025

Laser power transfer (LPT) technology is an emerging wireless power transfer technology that offers a promising way to transfer energy over long distances. The transmitter section, being a pivotal component of LPT systems, has conventionally employed continuous mode (CM) lasers. However, pulsed mode (PM) lasers have gained increasing attention due to their economic, flexible, and efficient designs. In this study, an economical and modular transmitter system is proposed for LPT applications. Through the utilization of 10 PM laser diodes, an uninterrupted power transfer capability was achieved. The results of the study showed an efficiency rate of 7.62% and a significant cost saving of $293.
Beam spreading scaling law of a focused Laguerre-Gaussian beam propagating through oceanic turbulence
Authors: Hu Hanyin , Zhang Qing , Yu Hong , Zhong Zheqiang , Zhang Bin
Published: January 2025

The numerical simulation of LG beams propagating through oceanic turbulence by the multi-layer phase screen method is credible but time-consuming, whereas the scaling law to predict the beam spreading of LG beams through oceanic turbulence is regarded as an effective and rapid way. Here, by using the oceanic power spectrum and the multi-layer phase screen method, the beam spreading of focused LG beams under different beam and oceanic turbulence parameters is investigated in detail, thus laying a solid foundation for the scaling law. Subsequently, the scaling formula for the beam spreading of focused LG beams through oceanic turbulence is developed. Results indicate that, within the proper parameter range in practical applications, the beam spreading estimated by the scaling law is close to that by numerical simulation, with an error of less than 11%. We hope that the scaling formula can provide an effective reference for the potential applications of LG beams in oceanic environments.
Color screening outcomes on uncalibrated “home” displays—assessment of variability in sRGB color standard parameters on commercial visual displays
Authors: Evans Benjamin E. W. , Rodriguez-Carmona Marisa , Llapashtica Emsal , Barbur John L.
Published: January 2025

The Color vision screener (CVS) test was evaluated for use on visual displays that support the red green blue (sRGB) color space standard. When used on commercial displays in sRGB color mode, the CVS had a sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence intervals) of 0.55 (0.46–0.64) and 1.00 (0.98–1.00). With calibrated displays, all color-deficient observers failed the CVS, but many of these, some with severe loss, were able to pass the test on 10 separate sRGB displays. The CVS test can only achieve close to 100% sensitivity and specificity on fully calibrated displays.
Dynamic simulation imaging for complex atmospheric turbulence scenes based on atmospheric coherence length and associated with phase structure function
Authors: Cao Zhongyu , Yao Haifeng , Hao Qun , Zhang Yixiang , Xu Li , Liu Xianzhu , Wang Weihao , Zhang Tong , Dong Keyan , Jiang Huilin
Published: January 2025

Atmospheric turbulence disturbance degrades the quality of long-range image transmission in applications such as marine monitoring and satellite imaging. Simulating an atmospheric turbulence image dataset facilitates the correction of turbulence-distorted images. However, the current simulation algorithms suffer from long computation times, undersampling of frequency, and unrealistic turbulence image simulation. Therefore, we propose an algorithm based on atmospheric coherence length r0 and associated with the phase structure function for fast, high-precision, and realistic simulation of atmospheric turbulence images. This solution demonstrates strong performance in pixel displacement correlation, phase structure function, and long-exposure and short-exposure point spread functions (PSFs). The results show that the fitting accuracies between the long-exposure and short-exposure PSFs, which reflect the imaging quality of the simulated turbulence image and the theoretical curve are 0.99 and 0.98, respectively, when the r0 is 0.1 m. The fitting efficiency is high and closely aligns with the theoretical trends of atmospheric turbulence.
Performance analysis of metallo-dielectric optical filters designed using dispersion relations
Authors: Chen Guo , Rumi Mariacristina , Sun Lirong , Stevenson Peter R. , Evans Dean R. , Banerjee Partha P.
Published: January 2025

We present an experimental validation of an analytical approach to predict the spectral response of multilayer metallo-dielectric structures, with applications in the efficient design of bandpass optical filters. Instead of relying on trial-and-error methods, our approach—referred to as the dispersion relation method—is based on intrinsic physical relations, potentially resulting in a significant reduction in time and resources during the design and optimization process. In our previous work, we illustrated that characteristics of the band structure revealed by the dispersion relation can serve as reasonable estimates for the center wavelengths and bandwidths for finite multilayer structures, as obtained from numerical simulations. In this work, we verify those conclusions with experimental results from metallo-dielectric optical filters prepared via magnetron sputtering. Structures using different metals including Ag, Au, and Al are investigated. We show good agreement between spectral response predictions derived from dispersion relations, numerical simulations using the transfer matrix method, and experimental transmittance spectra of the fabricated structures. Considering this experimental validation, the analytical approach based on dispersion relations can offer an accurate and efficient method for designing metallo-dielectric filter structures. Our approach facilitates the selection of geometric parameters for fabrication and provides valuable insight into the optical characteristics of such structures.
Continuous variables cluster states in Photonic Time-Crystals
Authors: Segev Mordechai , Lyubarov Mark , Segal Ohad , Birk Michael , Gorlach Alexey , Levy Liat Nemirovsky , Plotnik Yonatan
Published: January 2025

Photonic quantum computing has been rapidly advancing over the past decade, with measurement-based approaches emerging as particularly promising. A crucial requirement for these approaches is the generation of large-scale cluster states. In this work, we present a method to create cluster states using Photonic Time-Crystals (PTCs) — dielectric materials with their refractive index rapidly modulated in time. PTCs effectively function as a set of optical parametric oscillators and beam-splitters, producing simultaneous two-mode squeezing for many pairs of photonic modes with opposite wavevectors. We utilize this capability to propose a method for generating two-dimensional cluster states, offering important advantages over existing protocols.
Human-like face pareidolia emerges in deep neural networks optimized for face and object recognition
Authors: Gupta Pranjul , Dobs Katharina
Published: January 2025

The human visual system possesses a remarkable ability to detect and process faces across diverse contexts, including the phenomenon of face pareidolia—–seeing faces in inanimate objects. Despite extensive research, it remains unclear why the visual system employs such broadly tuned face detection capabilities. We hypothesized that face pareidolia results from the visual system’s optimization for recognizing both faces and objects. To test this hypothesis, we used task-optimized deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and evaluated their alignment with human behavioral signatures and neural responses, measured via magnetoencephalography (MEG), related to pareidolia processing. Specifically, we trained CNNs on tasks involving combinations of face identification, face detection, object categorization, and object detection. Using representational similarity analysis, we found that CNNs that included object categorization in their training tasks represented pareidolia faces, real faces, and matched objects more similarly to neural responses than those that did not. Although these CNNs showed similar overall alignment with neural data, a closer examination of their internal representations revealed that specific training tasks had distinct effects on how pareidolia faces were represented across layers. Finally, interpretability methods revealed that only a CNN trained for both face identification and object categorization relied on face-like features—such as ‘eyes’—to classify pareidolia stimuli as faces, mirroring findings in human perception. Our results suggest that human-like face pareidolia may emerge from the visual system’s optimization for face identification within the context of generalized object categorization.
Impact of Chlorella vulgaris and probiotic supplementation on performance, immunity and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens
Authors: Dinalli Verena Pereira , Costa Marcio Carvalho , Venâncio Emerson José , Filho João Antônio Barbosa , Bessegatto José Antônio , Holkem Augusto Tasch , Alfieri Amauri Alcindo , Silva Caio Abercio da , Oba Alexandre
Published: January 2025

Chlorella vulgaris has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the probiotic that is important for keeping the intestinal microbiota balanced. The objective was to test the impact of supplementation with microalgae and/or probiotics on broiler chickens’ performance, immunity, and intestinal microbiota. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four levels of inclusion of C. vulgaris (0; 0.25; 0.50 and 1%) associated or not with a commercial probiotic with five replications of 26 chickens per experimental unit. The results showed that probiotics improved feed conversion. Probiotics increased the productivity index only at 0.25% C. vulgaris supplementation. There was a reduction in spleen weight at 42 days of age in chickens fed with probiotics, but the different treatments did not alter serum antibodies. Sampling age had a significant impact on richness addressed by the number of observed genera and diversity addressed by the Shannon index. The most abundant phylum in the chicken intestinal tract was Firmicutes followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Bifidobacterium spp. was found in animals receiving 1% microalgae and probiotics on day 42, suggesting that this genus has benefited from microalgae supplementation. It is concluded that the probiotic and C. vulgaris have the potential to improve performance without causing major changes in the immunity and cecal microbiota.
Integrated in silico and in vitro exploration of the anti-VEGFR-2 activities of a semisynthetic xanthine alkaloid inhibiting breast cancer
Authors: Elkaeed Eslam B. , Elkady Hazem , Khattab Ahmed M. , Yousef Reda G. , Al-ghulikah Hanan A. , Husein Dalal Z. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Elkady Mohamed A. , Metwaly Ahmed M. , Eissa Ibrahim H.
Published: January 2025

This study presents T-1-NBAB, a new compound derived from the natural xanthine alkaloid theobromine, aimed at inhibiting VEGFR-2, a crucial protein in angiogenesis. T-1-NBAB’s potential to interacts with and inhibit the VEGFR-2 was indicated using in silico techniques like molecular docking, MD simulations, MM-GBSA, PLIP, essential dynamics, and bi-dimensional projection experiments. DFT experiments was utilized also to study the structural and electrostatic properties of T-1-NBAB. Computational analysis was performed to predict the ADME-Tox profiles of T-1-NBAB. After semisynthesis, the in vitro results showed that T-1-NBAB effectively inhibits VEGFR-2, with an IC50 of 0.115 μM, compared to sorafenib’s 0.0591 μM. In vitro tests also demonstrated significant activity of T-1-NBAB against breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D, with IC50 values of 16.88 μM and 61.17 μM, respectively, and high selectivity. Importantly, T-1-NBAB induced early and late apoptosis in MCF7 cells, indicating its potential as a strong anticancer agent. Additionally, T-1-NBAB reduced the migration and healing abilities of MCF7 cells, suggesting it could be a promising anti-angiogenic agent. Overall, these findings suggest that T-1-NBAB is a promising lead compound for further research as a potential treatment for breast cancer.
Spectrum and trends of cancer among HIV patients in Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Atwine Raymond , Yekosani Mitala , Birungi Abraham , Ssenkumba Brian , Tuhamize Barbra , Ezinga Richard , Male Keneth , Kabanda Taseera
Published: January 2025

Background

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) restores cellular immunity, significantly reducing AIDS-related mortality and morbidity thus improving the quality of life among People living with HIV (PLHIV). Studies done in several countries show a decline in AIDS defining cancers (ADCs) with the introduction of ART however the increased longevity has led to the increase of Non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs). The study was aimed at studying the changing spectrum and trends of cancer among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients in southwestern Uganda.

Methods

The study was a retrospective chart review of records of HIV-positive patients attending/receiving care from the Oncology clinic and ISS clinic of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) who were, diagnosed with cancer for the past 10 years (January 2012–2021). Data were statistically analyzed using STATA version 17 (Stata Corp, Texas, US) at P <  0.05.

Results

Males were more common at 64.5% while the median age was 37 years (IQR 29–47 years). ADCs were seen in 77.5% of the population while participants with NADCs were older (p < 0.001). The majority 73.3% (283/386) were in later stages (3 and 4). Having either ADCs or NADCs was different across HIV stages (p < 0.001). The median baseline CD4 count was 205 cells/μl (IQR: 90–400 cells/μl). The median duration on ART was 15 months (IQR 3–65 months). Participants with ADCs had been on ART for a shorter duration of time (p < 0.001). Only the outcome of patients with ADCs were available. The outcome varied with sex (p < 0.036), baseline CD4 (p < 0.048), and HIV stage (p < 0.002). Males were more likely to die (30/38 or 78.95%) and lost to follow-up (26/41 or 60.98%). Participants with baseline CD4 cell count > 200 cells/μl were more than twice likely to be active in care. The Commonest ADC was Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) while the commonest NADC was Squamous cell carcinoma, Not otherwise specified. Age above 50 years was associated with a significantly reduced risk of ADCs (OR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.03–0.43; p value: 0.002). The risk of ADCs increased from stage 2 (OR: 0.46, p-value: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.23–0.91) to stage 3 (OR: 1.13; p-value: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.65–1.97) but this was not statistically significant. The risk of ADCs decreased with increasing ART duration (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion

ADCs are still a major health challenge in Southwestern Uganda despite the increasing the coverage and uptake of ART in region. These have mostly affected the young people, people who have been on HAART for a shorter period and those with lower CD4 cell count at initiation of ART.
Competencies of nurses to participate in safe medication management practices for biologics: A scoping review
Authors: Li Wansheng , Li Li , Li Linbo , Xiaodong Cardenas , Chen Mudiao , Liu Hongye , Li Peirao
Published: January 2025

Aim

To review the existing literature relating to nurse competence in safe medication management practices for biologics, identify evidence, and develop a competency framework to clarify the role of nurses in these practices.

Background

With the widespread use of biological agents in disease treatment, ensuring the safe and economical use of high-cost medicines is particularly important. Even though nurses are essential in patient care, detailed knowledge regarding their competence and role in the safe administration of biologics is lacking.

Design and methods

A scoping review was performed following the methodology of Arksey and O’Malley and the PRISMA ScR guidelines. Electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched using accepted keywords, and relevant articles were identified using inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

A total of 3,422 studies were retrieved, 24 of which were eligible for inclusion. The required competencies for nurses were summarized into six areas: clinical specialized knowledge, critical thinking and problem-solving skills, safe medication skills, health education skills, communication and coordination skills, and technological literacy.

Conclusion

We provide insights into the competencies of nurses involved in the safe medication management of biologics. These competencies can be used to assess the actual competency level of nurses and facilitate the maximization of biological treatment goals and outcomes. This plays a vital role in optimizing the use of healthcare resources and demonstrating outcomes.
Hatching of whipworm eggs induced by bacterial contact is serine-protease dependent
Authors: Goulding David , Tolley Charlotte , Mkandawire Tapoka T. , Doyle Stephen R. , Hart Emily , Airs Paul M. , Grencis Richard K. , Berriman Matthew , Duque-Correa María A.
Published: January 2025

Whipworms (Trichuris spp) are ubiquitous parasites of humans and domestic and wild mammals that cause chronic disease, considerably impacting human and animal health. Egg hatching is a critical phase in the whipworm life cycle that marks the initiation of infection, with newly hatched larvae rapidly migrating to and invading host intestinal epithelial cells. Hatching is triggered by the host microbiota; however, the physical and chemical interactions between bacteria and whipworm eggs, as well as the bacterial and larval responses that result in the disintegration of the polar plug and larval eclosion, are not completely understood. Here, we examined hatching in the murine whipworm, Trichuris muris, and investigated the role of specific bacterial and larval structures and molecules in this process. Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, we characterised the physical interactions of both fimbriated (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and non-fimbriated (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria with the egg polar plugs during the induction/initiation stage, and visualised the effects of structural changes in the polar plugs, leading to larval eclosion. Further, we found that protease inhibitors blocked whipworm hatching induced by both fimbriated and non-fimbriated bacteria in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the partial involvement of bacterial enzymes in this process. In addition, we identified the minimal egg developmental timing required for whipworm hatching, and transcriptomic analysis of T. muris eggs through embryonation revealed the specific upregulation of serine proteases (S01A family) in fully embryonated eggs containing ‘hatch-ready’ L1 larvae. Finally, we demonstrated that inhibition of serine proteases with the serine-protease inhibitor Pefabloc ablated T. muris egg hatching induced by bacteria. Collectively, our findings unravel the temporal and physicochemical bacterial-egg interactions leading to whipworm hatching and indicate serine proteases of both bacterial and larval origin mediate these processes.
Staphylococcus aureus blocks host autophagy through circSyk/miR-5106/Sik3 axis to promote progression of bone infection
Authors: Chen Zhihao , Jin Qiyuan , Zhong Jinqi , Xie Zonggang , Chen Qi , Li Liubing , Li Jijie , Zhao Chenhao , Wang Junfeng , Tang Xiaoying , Han Mingxiao , Li Ru , Li Ziyuan , Tong Zelei , Wang Min , Du Hong , Zhang Haifang
Published: January 2025

With the rapid increase in the number of implant operations, the incidence of bone infections has increased. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and other emerging fully drug-resistant strains make the management of bone infections even more challenging. Bone infections are mainly caused by S. aureus and require extensive surgical intervention and long-term antibiotic therapy. The host autophagy response is critical to the elimination of S. aureus infections. In this study, we demonstrate that a circular RNA (circRNA), circSyk, is a potential biological target for the treatment of S. aureus-induced bone infection. Most importantly, S. aureus regulates circSyk to block autophagy and promote bone destruction via the circSyk/miR-5106/Sik3 axis in a nonclassical pathway, which is involved in the S. aureus infection process through a competitive endogenous RNA network. In summary, this study proposes a novel perspective on the immune escape of S. aureus in bone infections, based on circRNA.
Charting a Feasible Course for The Gambia Diaspora Investment Strategy
Authors: Secretariat Commonwealth
Published: January 2025

Remittances to the Gambia have been steadily increasing. In 2021, The Gambia received US$777 million in remittances (63 per cent of its GDP). In 2014 the Gambia was the 10th highest remittance receiving country in the world and the 3rd highest in Africa. Recognizing the important role the diaspora plays in The Gambia, in recent years the Government has put in place several initiatives aimed at enhancing diaspora engagement and investment including the Migration and Sustainable Development in The Gambia (MSDG) project, which is now in phase 2; as well as the formation of a Diaspora directorate.

Considering the challenges faced when translating diaspora savings into investments, the Commonwealth Diaspora Finance project is aimed at encouraging diasporas to invest in their family’s country of origin. This includes providing technical assistance to countries to identify the best tools and strategies to help them increase diaspora investment. This report, therefore, is aimed at assessing the current Gambian diaspora policy framework and environment to suggest strategies that can be implemented in the short, medium, and long term to enhance or spur Gambian diaspora investment. This report is based on a combination of desktop research and key stakeholder interviews conducted between 16 and 22 March 2022.