bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIGITAL AND ESTHETIC APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF GINGIVAL AND DENTAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Ardelean Andra , Buzatu Roxana , Bolos Otilia-Cornelia , Rusu Laura-Cristina , Tudor Anca , Leretter Marius Traian
Published: January 2025

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the main dental and gingival parameters in order to quantify the differences between genders and between symmetrical elements on the two hemiarches.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 52 patients (20 men and 32 women) without periodontal pathologies, dental abrasions, and with properly aligned maxillary teeth. Intraoral scans of the dental arches were performed using the Medit i700 scanner to obtain virtual 3D models. In the Medit Design application, measurements were taken of the distance between the zenith of the maxillary lateral incisor and the line connecting the zeniths of the maxillary central incisor and canine on the same hemi-arch, along with measurements of the width and height of the maxillary central incisor, calculating their proportions accordingly.
Results: In 11.64% of cases, the zenith of the left lateral incisor was positioned apically relative to the line connecting the zenith of the left central incisor to that of the left canine, while in 88.36% of cases, it was positioned coronally to this line. On the right hemiarch, 17.31% of cases showed the lateral incisor’s zenith located apically to the line, whereas in 82.69% of cases, it was positioned coronally. Regarding the width-to-length ratio of the upper central incisors, no significant differences were observed between the values obtained for the left and right upper central incisors.
Conclusions: No significant gender-based differences were demonstrated in the measured values from the zenith of the upper lateral incisor to the line connecting the zenith of the upper central incisor with that of the canine, nor were there significant differences between the two hemi-arches. Likewise, regarding the proportion of the upper central incisors, no significant differences were observed between genders, nor between the left and right upper central incisors.
DIGITAL IMPRESSIONS VERSUS TRADITIONAL IMPRESSIONS: AN OVERVIEW ON ACCURACY, TIME AND PATIENT PREFERENCES
Authors: Negucioiu Marius , Buduru Smaranda , Coman Diana , Condor Ana-Maria , Berar Antonela , Condor Daniela , Buduru Rares , Kui Andreea
Published: January 2025

Aim of the study This study aimed to evaluate the time efficiency and accuracy of digital scanning compared to traditional impression methods in dentistry, as well as their impact on patient comfort and satisfaction. Materials and methods Bibliographic searches were conducted in databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science), applying relevant keywords to identify studies comparing digital and conventional impression techniques in dentistry. The data was extracted and graphically represented. Results Data from clinical studies indicated mixed conclusions regarding accuracy and impression parameters. Time spent on impressions seems to be less for digital techniques, but results are conflicting. Patients reported increased comfort and a clear preference for digital scans due to their less invasive nature and reduced discomfort. Conclusions Integrating digital scanning technology into modern dental practices offers significant benefits in terms of procedural efficiency and patient satisfaction, while accuracy and time depend by circumstances such as edentulism type and length of scan.
Effect analysis of functional physical fitness training based on improved genetic algorithm under functional analysis
Authors: Lu Danxu
Published: January 2025

In addition to helping athletes enhance their athletic abilities and spark their interest in sports, youth athletics amateur training can also set the groundwork for athletes’ future athletic growth. Physical training still has less than optimal results for Chinese youth, nevertheless. The physical training effect of athletes can be maximized with the aid of amateur training. We can direct the creation of the most sensible physical training plan and choose the best physical training technique in order to achieve the ideal physical training goal and realize the steady improvement of athletes’ physical fitness by focusing more on and analyzing the fundamental and unique physical training strategies. Therefore, in order to improve the scientific and state-of-the-art analysis of training effect and to provide more scientific guidance for youth physical training, this paper introduces scientific quantitative indexes and personalized customized indexes into physical training from the perspective of genetic algorithms.
Application of biomechanics in graphic design and ergonomic optimization
Authors: Wei Wei
Published: January 2025

For patients recovering from spinal diseases, ordinary seats often lack support and correction functions, which can easily lead to problems such as spinal curvature and lumbar disc herniation. The study uses MediaPipe to recognize postures and perform 3D graphics modeling, combined with finite element analysis to simulate the coordinated work of the patient’s muscles, bones, and joints, and optimize the design of ergonomic orthosis. First, MediaPipe Pose is used for posture recognition to capture the key point coordinates of the spine and joint positions and obtain dynamic data of the patient’s sitting posture. Next, a 3D model of the patient’s skeleton and spine is built, and the bone structure is generated based on the posture data and refined with ZBrush. Then, a finite element analysis is performed using ANSYS Workbench, and the stress distribution of the spine under the patient’s weight and different sitting pressures is simulated. The orthopedic seat’s geometry and support area distribution are optimized, and adjustment functions are added to improve adaptability. The data results show that the MSE (Mean Square Error) of the optimized spinal curve deviation is only 0.0009; the maximum stress of the intervertebral disc is reduced from 56.1 MPa to 42.4 MPa; the area of the high-stress area is reduced to 12.4cm²; the stress uniformity is improved by 28.1%; the local pressure is reduced by 24.6%. The designed method can significantly reduce the patient’s spinal deviation rate, relieve seat pressure, and have a good rehabilitation auxiliary effect.
The Dialectic of Humanization "Belonging" and Bestialization "Non-belonging" in Lamiyat al-Arab: A Comparative and Analytical Approach
Authors: Al Kaabi Mozah H.
Published: January 2025

The study sought to justify and explain contradictions in Al-Shanfara's Lamiyyah between the poet's rejection of society versus isolation and wilderness survival. It attempts a fresh textual reading, postponing historical preconceptions about vagabonds (Sa'alik). The study examines the poem's dialectical approach between savagery and humanity, explores the reasons behind this debate, and whether conflicts between belonging/non-belonging indicate the poet's truthfulness or deception. The study examines the highly significant Lamiyyah poem, translated into multiple languages, using psychological analysis focusing on artistic appreciation psychology. Poetry reflects the poet's psychology - writers express repressed desires through literary characters. Art's value lies in allowing audiences to experience catharsis through fulfilled repressed desires. For vagabond poets, isolation enables desire fulfillment. The analysis reveals the poem's dialectical approach between conflicting beliefs and explores the reasons behind these contradictions. The study's importance stems from responding to orientalists who criticize Arab literature as fake, satirical, and authority-driven (Barrunah, 2008, p.65). The poet's apparent rebellion versus inner adherence to the community stems from a high ego. The natural sense of belonging and need for community is present in the poet's subconscious. Arab text study, especially deviant poetic phenomena, requires excluding preset narratives and focusing on poetic structure for fresh critical perspectives unbound by traditional accounts. The findings of the study under consideration concern the shifting relationship between the human and the savage in Al-Shanfara’s Lamiyyah and stress the poet’s psychological struggle between acceptance of the tribal society and rejection of its values. The reading and interpretation show that what Al-Shanfara presents as empowering on the surface – isolation, and independence – is a semiotic and rhetorical desire for belonging. The study also compares the work of Al-Shanfara with the other vagabond poet, Urwa ibn Al-Ward, to find that while both poets are rebellious against tribal structures, Urwa still has a morality of belonging and collective responsibility. At the same time, Al-Shanfara rejects this entirely in favor of his desire to be a lone drifter. Thus, these results help to enhance the knowledge of the psychological motivations and the cultural settings of vagabond poetry and its relative tension between individualism and conformism.
The Impact of Robo-Advisors and Risk Tolerance on Retail Investor Portfolio Performance
Authors: . Hasanudin
Published: January 2025

The increasing adoption of financial technology has transformed investment landscapes, with robo-advisors emerging as pivotal tools for retail investors. This study explores the impact of robo-advisors and individual risk tolerance on the performance of retail investor portfolios. By employing a qualitative approach, utilizing literature review and library research methods, this paper investigates how robo-advisors facilitate portfolio diversification, optimize asset allocation, and mitigate biases that often affect traditional investment decisions. The analysis highlights the significance of aligning investment strategies with investors' risk tolerance to enhance long-term portfolio performance. Through comprehensive examination of existing academic and industry literature, the study identifies key benefits of robo-advisors, such as cost efficiency, accessibility, and data-driven insights, while also addressing potential limitations, including algorithmic rigidity and lack of personalized advisory services. Findings suggest that retail investors with varying degrees of risk tolerance can significantly improve portfolio outcomes by leveraging robo-advisors, provided they maintain a balanced approach to automated and manual investment strategies. The study concludes that the synergy between robo-advisors and personalized risk assessment serves as a crucial factor in driving optimal portfolio performance for retail investors. Future research may further investigate the dynamic relationship between evolving AI-based advisory platforms and behavioral finance principles.
Research on Vietnamese Cultural Tourism
Authors: Huong Hoang Thi , Thao Xuan Thi Thu
Published: January 2025

Vietnam is a country with great potential and advantages in building and developing cultural tourism with more than 40000 relics, including more than 10000 provincial relics, more than 3600 national relics, 128 special national relics, 15 intangible cultural heritages recognized by UNESCO. On the basis of exploiting and promoting the values ​​of cultural heritage, many localities in Vietnam have been forming and developing quite diverse cultural tourism products, such as the tourism route connecting the world heritage of ASEAN countries, the Central heritage tourism route, Hue festival, Nha Trang sea festival, Ha Long sea carnival festival, Da Lat flower festival... This study focuses on analyzing the practical development of cultural tourism in Vietnam based on a survey of localities with unique features, cultural diversity and a great role and influence on the development of the country, that is the capital Hanoi. Besides studying the core content of cultural tourism development, the author surveys and evaluates the factors affecting the cultural tourism development of Hanoi Capital, thereby discussing policy issues for reference and application to many localities in Vietnam.
FIRE PREVENTION AND HANDLING TRAINING FOR RESIDENTS OF BATU MERAH VILLAGE, SIRIMAU DISTRICT, AMBON CITY
Authors: Ruspanah Rendi , Lefteuw Theresya , Lapodi Abd Rijali
Published: January 2025

Fires can occur unexpectedly, even if you have been careful to use appliances that produce fires in the house, some of the sources of fire are electrical short circuits, gas stoves, burning garbage, cigarette butts and candles when the lights go out. The purpose of the training in community service is to provide knowledge about the causes of fires and their preventive measures. Participants involved in the training included students of the Public Health Department of STIKes Maluku Husada, Instructors from the Ambon City Fire Service Tribe and residents of Batu Merah Village, Sirimau District, Ambon City. Training techniques with material presentation, practice and review of results. The implementation method is by identifying problems that occur in objects, determining the priority scale of improvement and providing problem solving and feedback in the form of result evaluation. The implementation of training can provide knowledge about the factors that cause fires at home, so that it can encourage public awareness of the importance of preventive measures to avoid fires. The conclusion of the training in community service is that it can provide knowledge about the factors that cause fires and know preventive measures to minimize the occurrence of fires and can encourage concern in fire prevention in the community.
Economic Structure Formation and the Role of Dependence: A Christian Viewpoint
Authors:   University of Pécs (Pécs, Hungary), Szabó Balázs , Nemeskéri Zsolt ,   University of Pécs (Pécs, Hungary)
Published: January 2025

This article examines the relationship between economic structure formation and its dependence from the sociocultural context, taking a Christian perspective, focusing on decision-making motives and the impact of socioeconomic structures. It discusses the interplay between human actions and socioeconomic institutions, emphasizing the role of moral and philosophical foundations. The analysis highlights the importance of ethical norms, arguing that socioeconomic processes cannot be solely attributed to biological characteristics. By incorporating philosophical insights, the study proposes a framework where interpersonal relationships and value systems shape economic structures, advocating for a more humane and ethically grounded approach to economics.
An Ethnolinguistic Analysis of the Meaning and Cultural Features of the Idiom “Deluu idvel delbe nirge”
Authors: Luvsantseren Tserenchimed
Published: January 2025

This article seeks to analyze the meaning and cultural significance of the idiom ˈde.lʊː ˈit.wəl ˈdel.pə ˈnir.ɡɛ a commonly discussed expression among Mongolians, along with its variants, using ethnolinguistic theory and methodology. The scope of this study is defined by a focus on this idiom and related expressions. Our analysis is based on field study notes collected by ethnographers, records of Mongolian customs, and examples from dictionaries, all of which are essential for testing our hypothesis through comparison and synthesis of the available data. By examining specific linguistic phenomena, we can find insights into the culture, historical events, political relationships, and oral traditions that shape ethnic groups. In exploring national and ethnic languages through an ethnolinguistic lens, we focus on the interplay between linguistic and non-linguistic factors. Indeed, non-linguistic influences, such as the historical origins and history of the ethnic group are especially significant in elucidating the meaning and cultural characteristics of the idioms under study.
This study draws on research materials, dictionaries, ritual glossaries, and prior studies on the topic of taboo, supplemented by case studies focusing on ethno-linguistic communication. There is a pressing need to examine specific linguistic and dialectal phenomena from an ethnolinguistic perspective. Future research should aim to explore the customs and traditions related to the concept of ‘spleen’ across various regions, not merely through the lens of idiomatic expressions, but to identify both the unique and shared characteristics of ethnic cultures.
“Дэлүү идвэл дэлбэ ниргэ...” хэлц үгийн утга, соёлын онцлогийг угсаа хэл шинжлэлийн үүднээс тайлбарлах нь
Хураангуй: Монголчуудын хэл, аялгуун дахь хэлц үг, тогтвортой нэгжийн олонх нь нүүдлийн соёл, мал аж ахуйгаас үүдэлтэй заншил, зан үйлд хамаардаг. Мөн угсаатны гарал, овгийн нэрийг тайлбарласан домог, аман мэдээнд өгүүлсэнтэй холбогдох нь байна. Тус өгүүлэлд монголчуудын дунд түгээмэл хэлэлцдэг дурдсан хэлц үг, түүний хувилбарын утга, соёлын онцлогийг угсаа хэл шинжлэлийн онол, арга зүйгээр тайлбарлав. Судалгааны хязгаарлагдмал талыг тус хэлц үгийн хүрээгээр тогтоож, угсаатны зүйчдийн цуглуулсан хээрийн шинжилгээний тэмдэглэл, монголчуудын зан заншлын тайлбар толь бичгийн баримт, зарим аман мэдээнд тулгуурлалаа. Монгол угсаатны зарим овог (хамниганы жишээгээр)-ийн эдийн соёл, оюуны соёлын илрэл болох шүтлэг бишрэл, угсаатны соёл-заншлын аман домгийн холбооноос хэвшиж тогтсон үг, хэллэг эдүгээ гол төлөв цээрлэх ёс, бэлгэдлийн утга илэрхийлдэг хэлц үг болж дэлгэрсэн нь судалгааны ажиглалт, үр дүнгээс харагдав.
Түлхүүр үг: угсаатны хэл-соёл, цээрийн ёс, нүүдлийн ахуй соёл, угсаатны овгийн нэр
The problem of translating the meaning of Russian conditional verbs into Mongolian
Authors: Sosorbaram Erdenemaam
Published: January 2025

One of the many topics which cause considerable difficulties for Mongolian students studying Russian is the Conditional Verbs and their translation. Therefore, in this article we will discuss the formation, function, and features of the use of Russian Conditional Verbs, as well as how to translate them into Mongolian. As example of how to translate is taken from the famous story “The Fate of Man” by the famous Russian – Soviet writer and Nobel Laureate Sholokhov M., translated by the leading Mongolian scholar and renowned translator of the XX century, one of the founders of our country’s modern literature, State Laureate Rinchin Byamba.
The main result of this article: provide detailed information from master and doctoral level courses on Russian Conditional Verbs, discuss the different positions of scholars, report on the difficulties. Mongolian students face this topic, and present classic case studies translated into Mongolian.
Орос хэлний нөхцөлт үйл (деепричастие), түүний утгыг монгол хэлэнд буулгах тухай асуудалд
Хураангуй: Орос хэл үзэж буй монгол оюутан суралцагчдад нэлээд бэрхшээл учруулдаг олон сэдэв байдгийн нэг нь нөхцөлт үйл, түүний орчуулга юм. Иймд орос хэлний нөхцөлт үйл үгийн үүрэг, хэрэглээний онцлог хийгээд түүнийг монгол хэлэнд хэрхэн орчуулах талаар энэхүү өгүүлэлд товч багцлан харуулахыг зорив. Хэрхэн орчуулах тухай жишээ баримтыг нэрт эрдэмтэн, орчуулагч, Төрийн соёрхолт Бямбын Ринчиний орчуулсан орос-зөвлөлтийн нэрт зохиолч, Нобелийн шагналт М.Шолоховын “Хүний хувь заяа” өгүүллэгээс авсан болно. Орос хэлний нөхцөлт үйл үгийн тухайд магистрантур, докторантурын түвшний сургалтаас хальсан дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл өгч, эрдэмтэн судлаачдын зөрүүтэй байр суурийн талаар өгүүлэн, энэ сэдвийг судлах явцад монгол суралцагчдад ямар бэрхшээл тулгардаг талаар мэдээлж, монгол хэлэнд орчуулсан сонгодог жишээ баримттай танилцуулсан нь энэхүү өгүүллийн гол үр дүн хэмээн үзэж байна.
Түлхүүр үг: төгс ба төгс бус байдал, нийцэл болон дүйцлийн зарчим, үндэсний онцлог
Seeking harmony: CISA’s proposed cyber reporting rules for critical infrastructure are an ambitious work in progress
Authors: Folio Joseph C. , Ross Alexandra , Wolfe Ian , Weigel Nicholas A.
Published: January 2025

The federal cyber incident reporting regulations proposed by the Department of Homeland Security’s Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) are ambitious and laudable but, with some modest changes, could go even farther to protect US critical infrastructure. First, to reduce the growing burden of duplicative and overlapping reporting obligations, CISA should take more concrete steps to harmonise its proposed cyber incident reporting requirements with those of other federal, state and local agencies. Secondly, CISA should provide greater clarity on the types of data that must be preserved following a reportable cyber incident and shorten the default preservation period to six months, with an option to extend it if necessary. Finally, CISA should provide additional guidance about how the reporting requirements apply to the international operations of multinational companies. By offering additional clarity and reducing the burden on private sector entities, CISA could create a streamlined cyber incident report regime that is more closely aligned with the goal of providing timely, essential and actionable information that will better protect the US critical infrastructure.
Impact of Secondary School Principals' Supervisory Practices on Teachers' Morale and Behavior: Basis for a Proposed Intervention Program
Authors: Amerol Bedaria
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the supervisory practices of secondary school principals in Lanao del Sur 1 and Marawi City divisions and their impact on teachers' morale and behavior. The research aimed to assess principals' effectiveness in fostering teacher-community relations, improving teaching and learning, and evaluating teacher performance. Additionally, it examined teachers' morale in areas such as job satisfaction, rapport with principals, and workload, alongside their professional behavior and classroom practices. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, with data gathered from 285 teachers via a modified checklist questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, including frequency counts, percentages, and weighted means. At the same time, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation was applied to test the relationships between supervisory practices, teachers' morale, and behavior. The findings revealed that principals’ supervisory practices were “often practiced” in all areas, with mean ratings of 3.98 for improving relations and teaching and 3.81 for evaluating teacher performance. Teachers reported high morale, particularly in job satisfaction (mean = 3.58) and professional rapport (mean = 3.23-3.58), though salary and workload scored lower (mean = 2.54-2.63). Teachers' behavior, including classroom preparation and professional growth, was rated as “always practiced” (mean = 4.42-4.47). Significant positive correlations were found between supervisory practices and both teachers' morale (r = 0.67, p < 0.05) and behavior (r = 0.63, p < 0.05). The study recommends enhancing supervisory practices, supporting professional development, and improving teacher well-being to foster a positive school environment. Further research is suggested to explore broader contexts and additional variables.
Monetary and institutional reforms and macroeconomic performance in Algeria
Authors:   University of Mascara, Algeria, AIBOUD Kada , ADOUKA Lahdar ,   University of Mascara, Algeria, BENBAYER Habib ,   University of Oran 2, Algeria
Published: January 2025

In this article we will discuss the financial dimension of economic development in Algeria in the light of institutional theory and the theory of financial liberalization. As such, we will highlight the reform of monetary institutions (autonomy of the bank of Algeria, bank deregulation and governance) initiated since 1990. This study is punctuated by an econometric modeling to examine the effect of institutional monetary reforms on economic development
ICD-10-CM Guidelines and Conventions
Authors: Jani Hani
Published: January 2025

ICD-10-CM codes employ a structured format with three to seven characters, incorporating anatomical structure, character positions, and specific coding guidelines. The first character is alphabetic, representing disease categories from A to Z, while subsequent characters provide detailed clinical information. The coding system follows hierarchical organization, moving from general categories to specific conditions, with precise conventions for documentation and sequencing. Principal diagnosis selection requires careful consideration of admission circumstances, treatment focus, and documentation standards. The system includes specific guidelines for various medical conditions, from infectious diseases to musculoskeletal disorders, with particular attention to formatting conventions such as brackets, parentheses, and specific notes. Documentation requirements emphasize the importance of specificity, proper sequencing, and compliance with regulatory standards. The coding structure incorporates placeholder characters, laterality conventions, and episode of care indicators, ensuring accurate representation of clinical scenarios. Special considerations apply to complex cases like trauma, maternal care, and chronic disease management, with emphasis on maintaining documentation integrity and supporting medical necessity through proper code assignment
Determinants of Foreign Portfolio Investment in the Western Balkan Countries
Authors:   Mother Theresa University, Chahili Bujar
Published: January 2025

Securities and other capital inflows of assets that may be held by other foreign nations make up international portfolio investments. An investor who makes a foreign portfolio investment (FPI) gains indirect ownership of financial assets. So, this study aims to investigate the main determinants of FPI in Western Balkan countries. Key variables included in the study are portfolio investment, GDP per capita growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), external debt (EXD), inflation, population, real interest rate, and regulatory quality, sourced from the World Bank. The methodology employed involves panel data regression analysis using fixed and random effects, allowing the observation of the influence of economic, demographic, and institutional factors across time and entities. It is important to observe if FPI is determined by economic growth and other considered potential determinants. The findings indicate that the portfolio investment of Western Balkan countries is significantly influenced by GDP per capita growth, external debt, inflation, and real interest rates.
Intertwinement of Culture Industry, Technology and Mass Consumption: A Scoping Review
Authors:   Bayburt University Turkiye, Celik Bilal
Published: January 2025

This essay uses Horkheimer and Adorno’s work on the culture industry to analyze the link between technology and mass consumption. While the digital world has enormous potential to facilitate communication, transcend spatial boundaries, and promote free expression, the utopian promise of this world is undermined by their mirroring of real-world market systems, the exploitation of labor, and the blurring of the line between entertainment and consumption. The culture industry thesis provides a useful starting point for theorizing the digital world and explaining why this place has become a mirror of mass consumption. Within this scope, this study aims to provide conceptual clarity and to contribute to efforts of theorization, considering three main concepts, namely, culture industry, technology, and mass consumption, and correlations between them, which were analyzed based on existing literature.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Income Inequality: The Case of Kosovo
Authors: Bejaj Anila
Published: January 2025

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is often seen as a key driver of economic growth and development, but its impact on income distribution remains still inconclusive. Thus, this served as a motivation to examine how foreign direct investment (FDI) influences income inequality in Kosovo, a country with a young population and high unemployment that shapes its economic and social patterns. The study focuses on the period from 2009 to 2019, using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to explore the long-term relationship between FDI and income inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient. The findings reveal that FDI inflows have a significant impact on income inequality in Kosovo. This research tries to fill the gap in the literature by analyzing Kosovo’s unique socioeconomic, political, and demographic context. The results provide insights for policymakers seeking strategies to attract investment and promote economic growth while addressing income disparities.
Determining the Threshold of Public Debt in the Western Balkan Countries
Authors:   International Balkan University, Skopje, North Macedonia, Bilalli Diellza
Published: January 2025

Public debt is a very important tool that allows countries to access finance and reach their goals. However, taking a high amount of debt, more than a country can handle, can hamper economic growth or even cause an economic downturn. That is why it is very important for countries to manage their debt effectively so that the debt is sustainable and contributes to economic growth. Each country can tolerate a different level of debt without it causing trouble for its economy, and it is quite important for them to find the point where if the public debt exceeds, it might negatively impact their economy. This research paper intended to find if public debt affects economic growth by using the fixed effect and random effects model and then using the Hausman test to decide which model is more appropriate, as well as the threshold of public debt in Western Balkan countries, by using the pooled OLS model, to determine if a non-linear relationship exists between public debt and economic growth and finding the turning point. According to the obtained results, a non-linear inverted U-shaped relationship exists, and the results suggest that public debt positively impacts economic growth until it reaches 46% of the GDP, and if the debt exceeds this level, it starts to negatively impact economic growth.
Impact of Public Debt on Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of Albania
Authors: Bejaj Oljton
Published: January 2025

Public debt is a key macroeconomic indicator that shapes a country’s reputation. It remains a significant economic policy challenge for governments in less developed countries due to high debt levels. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between Albania’s public debt and foreign direct investments (FDI). For that purpose, first a descriptive research design is employed and second the data are examined through VAR (Vector Autoregression) and Granger causality tests. The VAR autoregression results indicate that in the short term, public debt and FDI are not significantly correlated. In addition, the Granger causality tests reveal no significant causality between FDI and public debt or between exchange rates and public debt. However, there is a bi-directional causality between FDI and exchange rates. Policymakers should focus on debt management, economic openness, and infrastructure development to create a favorable environment for attracting foreign investment. The findings underscore the need for balanced fiscal policies to support long-term economic growth and investment stability.
Comparative Effects of Drying Methods on Physicochemical Properties of Puree Blends of Some Indigenous Varieties of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Orange (Citrus sinensis) and Mango (Mangifera indica) Fruits
Authors: Ankeli J. A. , Igbum O. G. , Okibe F. G.
Published: January 2025

This study evaluates the comparative effects of freeze-drying and spray-drying methods on the physicochemical properties of composite fruit puree powders produced from local varieties of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), orange (Citrus sinensis), and mango (Mangifera indica) in Benue State, Nigeria. Composite formulations were developed by blending fruit purees in ratios of 50% watermelon, 30% orange, and 20% mango. Freeze-drying and spray-drying methods were employed to produce powders, which were subsequently analyzed for proximate composition, sensory attributes, and physicochemical properties. Freeze-dried powders retained higher vitamin C content (21.4 mg/100 g) compared to spray-dried powders (16.3 mg/100 g). Moisture content was significantly lower in freeze-dried powders (2.5%) than spray-dried powders (4.3%), while sensory evaluation showed no significant differences in overall acceptability (p>0.05). These findings suggest that freeze-drying is superior for nutrient preservation, whereas spray-drying is more energy-efficient. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing fruit powder production in agrarian settings.
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK MEMBANTU SISWA SMA DALAM PEMILIHAN PROGRAM STUDI DI SMAN 1 SENDANG AGUNG DENGAN METODE WEIGHTED PRODUCT (WP)
Authors: Joni Joni , Martin Afrizal , Suyono Suyono
Published: January 2025

SMA Negeri 1 Sendang Agung menghadapi tantangan signifikan dalam penentuan jurusan siswa, yang saat ini dilakukan secara manual dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Keterbatasan ini dapat mengakibatkan ketidakpastian dan ketidakcocokan antara minat serta kemampuan siswa dengan jurusan yang dipilih, berpotensi memengaruhi kinerja akademik mereka. Untuk meningkatkan keakuratan dan efisiensi, diperlukan pendekatan sistematis dan otomatis. Penelitian ini mengusulkan metode Weighted Product (WP) sebagai solusi efektif dalam pengambilan keputusan, memungkinkan seleksi jurusan yang lebih akurat berdasarkan minat dan keterampilan siswa. Evaluasi dan implementasi lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses penentuan jurusan di SMA Negeri 1 Sendang Agung
Pemanfaatan Smart Village Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Pelayanan Kepada Masyarakat Pada Desa Kediri
Authors: Mardiyanto Mardiyanto , Widiyanto Widiyanto , Andoyo Andreas
Published: January 2025

Smart Village adalah pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan, keamanan, efisiensi dan kemampuan kerja dalam penyediaan layanan yang berkelanjutan, terutama di masyarakat pedesaan dalam hal pemerintahan desa, perdagangan dan kepemimpinan sosial, dapat meningkatkan kehidupan.Penerapan smart village sekarang ini sudah mulai di implementasikan pada desa,contohnya seperti pada Desa Kediri yang terletak di kecamatan Gadingrejo Kabupaten Pringsewu yang berjumlah kepala keluarga 1269 dengan total jumlah penduduk 7089 jiwa sudah menerapkan smart village sejak awal tahun 2021,berdasarkan fakta bahwa pelayanan konvensional oleh pemerintahan desa dinilai masyarakat masih belum optimal, permasalahan pengolahan data secara manual masih memiliki banyak kekurangan, permasalahan yang sering dikeluhkan masyarakat seperti pelayanan yang lama,pengauditan data yang memakan waktu, alur admistrasi yang panjang hingga arsip yang hilang,dari permasalahan ini lah keberadaan Smart Village dinilai dapat dimanfaatkan untuk melakukan pendataan desa yang lebih baik dan sebagai media pelayanan informasi kepada masyarakat.Hasil dari penelitian peningkatan teknologi informasi ini menunjukan keberhasilan dengan indikasi kepuasan dan kemudahan bagi masyarakat sehingga mampu memberikan wadah dikarenakan pelayanan bisa diberikan secara online.
Implementasi E-voting pada Pilkades di Kecamatan WayLima,Kabupaten Pesawaran Berbasis Website
Authors: Wati Rina , YA Elisabet , Brilliant Muhamad , Miyati Niza
Published: January 2025

E-voting adalah singkatan dari electronic voting yang merupakan sebuah sistem pemungutan suara yang menggunakan teknologi elektronik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi sistem e-voting berbasis website untuk meningkatkan transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan partisipasi masyarakat di dalam Pilkades di wilayah Kecamatan Way Lima, Kabupaten Pesawaran. Penelitian ini melakukan penelitian kualitatif melalui studi kasus. Informasi dikumpulkan melewati wawancara, observasi dan pengumpulan informasi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem e-voting berbasis website telah berhasil dikembangkan dengan fitur-fitur yang lengkap, seperti pendaftaran pemilih online, verifikasi identitas pemilih, pencoblosan online, dan real count. Implementasi sistem e-voting meningkatkan transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam Pilkades. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar sistem e-voting terus dikembangkan dan disempurnakan untuk meningkatkan keamanan dan keandalannya. Perlu dilakukan sosialisasi dan edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang sistem e-voting agar penggunaannya semakin optimal. Pemerintah perlu mempertimbangkan untuk menerapkan sistem e-voting secara lebih luas di wilayah lain..
SISTEM INFORMASI ABSENSI MAHASISWA BERBASIS WEB MOBILE PADA INSTITUT BAKTI NUSANTARA
Authors: Taufik Taufik
Published: January 2025

Institut Bakti Nusantara saat ini masih menggunakan sistem manual pada proses absensi mahasiswanya, hal ini dapat menimbulkan beberapa kendala yaitu terdapat siswa yang memanipulasi kehadiran. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sebuah aplikasi absensi berbasis web mobile dengan sebuah server yang mengontrol semua data siswa. Oleh karenanya dibutuhkan sebuah sistem informasi absensi siswa berbasis web untuk memudahkan pendataan absensi berikut databasenya. Dengan menggunakan pengembangan perangkat lunak waterfall, penulis mencoba membangun sebuah sistem informasi absensi siswa berbasis web mobile pada kampus INSTITUT BAKTI NUSANTARA menggunakan bahasa pemrograman php dan xampp sebagai web server serta MySql sebagai databasenya sehingga proses input dan olah data lebih cepat. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat membantu pihak sekolah dan siswa dalam proses absensi mahasiswa.
AGGREGATION PATTERN OF KASHMIR MARKHOR (CAPRA FALCONERI CASHMERIEINSIS) POPULATION AT CHITRAL GOL NATIONAL PARK, PAKISTAN
Authors: Khan Shah Fahad Ali , Khisroon Muhammad , Nisa Mehroon , Naz Shagufta
Published: January 2025

Background: Grouping behavior in large mammals is influenced by various environmental and biological factors, including habitat type and seasonal variations. Understanding these dynamics is critical for the conservation of species like the Kashmir Markhor (Capra falconeri cashmeriensis), an endangered ungulate inhabiting rugged terrains. Despite its ecological significance, limited information exists on the seasonal and habitat-specific aggregation patterns of this species, particularly in regions like Chitral Gol National Park, Pakistan.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of seasonal and habitat variations on the group size of Kashmir Markhor, providing insights into their behavioral ecology and informing conservation strategies.
Methods: Long-term observational data were collected from April 2019 to March 2021 in Chitral Gol National Park. Surveys were conducted biweekly using binoculars at randomly selected transects and vantage points. Seasonal variations in group size were analyzed using ANOVA, with a significance level of 0.05. Habitat types were categorized based on dominant vegetation, and differences in group size across habitats were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 22). Grouping criteria followed established methodologies, defining groups as individuals within a 75-meter radius.
Results: Markhor group size varied significantly across seasons (p < 0.0001). The largest groups were observed during winter (mean = 13.73) and the rut season (mean = 15.17), while the smallest groups were recorded in autumn (mean = 8.71) and the non-rut season (mean = 7.92). Female Markhor consistently formed larger groups than males, with significant seasonal variations (p < 0.00001). Habitat type had no significant impact on group size (p = 0.979), with the largest groups found in Chilghoza Forest (mean = 11) and the smallest in Mixed Woodland (mean = 9.57).
Conclusion: Seasonal variations significantly influenced the grouping patterns of Kashmir Markhor, with larger groups forming during resource-scarce and reproductive periods. Habitat types had minimal impact, emphasizing the importance of incorporating seasonal dynamics into conservation efforts.
Pembagian Hak Waris Pada Asuransi Prudential Syariah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Kewarisan Islam
Authors: Ramadani Mohammad Fadli , Susanti Dyah Ochtorina
Published: January 2025

The purpose of journal is so that people who use sharia insurance policies can understand the inheritance system of Prudential Syariah Insurance according to Islamic Law. Inheritance law is a legal system that regulates the transfer of ownership of a deceased person to a person who has not died. Inheritance law is concluded as a system of regulating the assets of the heir which will be given by the heir's expert or rights with provisions in the form of consequences of being said to be an heir. In the Civil Code, inheritance law is not regulated in a special article, but the basic principle is contained in Article 830. The article states that inheritance only applies after death. Thus, the distribution of inherited wealth to heirs can only be done after the heir dies. Etymologically, sharia insurance in Arabic is called at-ta'min, the guarantor is called mu'ammin, while the insured is called mu'ammanah lahu or musta'min. While at-ta'min is taken from the word amana, because it means protection, tranquility, security, and freedom from fear. The type of research used in this study is Basic Research which is basically conducted only for the purpose of developing and reviewing existing theories using descriptive research methods. The results of the study show that the provisions of Islamic law are not violated in the inheritance system applied by the Prudential Syariah insurance branch in Surabaya, because in cases where customers experience a disaster, especially death, then Islamic insurance will provide the rights of heirs left by the testator (customer) as long as he follows the insurance.
Keywords : Asurance; Islamic Law; Inheritance Law.
A Review of use of Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning of Mathematics
Authors: - Dr. Pratibha Borah , - Dr. Anil Chandra Borah
Published: January 2025

This systematic review examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in mathematics education, analyzing 60 research studies from 2017 to 2021. The findings highlight AI's transformative potential in enhancing teaching methodologies, improving student engagement, and facilitating the understanding of complex mathematical concepts. Key AI technologies explored include intelligent tutoring systems, robotics, and generative AI models such as ChatGPT. These tools enable personalized learning experiences, real-time feedback, and interactive problem-solving environments, addressing traditional challenges in mathematics instruction. However, the review also identifies limitations, including ethical considerations, implementation barriers, and contextual constraints in diverse educational settings. The study underscores the importance of a balanced approach that combines technological innovation with effective pedagogical practices, aiming to maximize the benefits of AI in mathematics education while mitigating its challenges. This comprehensive analysis provides a foundation for future research and practical applications, particularly in underrepresented regions, to advance the global adoption of AI in educational contexts.
Investigating Fraud in Malaysian Transportation Projects: Insights from Game Theory
Authors: - Mudzamir Mohamed , - Shahifol Arbi Ismail
Published: January 2025

Fraud in Malaysia's transport sector has been a persistent issue, significantly impacting the efficiency and integrity of infrastructure development. This sector, encompassing road, rail, and maritime transport, is vital for the country's economic growth and connectivity. However, the prevalence of fraudulent activities has raised serious concerns about the effective use of public funds and the quality of transport projects. Game theory provides a robust framework for analysing and addressing fraud in various contexts. By modelling the strategic interactions between different players, game theory helps in understanding the incentives and predicting the outcomes of fraudulent behaviour. This understanding can inform the design of more effective fraud detection and prevention strategies. As demonstrated in various case studies, the application of game theory in fraud investigations can lead to improved risk assessments, audit planning, and the design of anti-fraud mechanisms. By leveraging game theory, investigators can enhance the effectiveness of their efforts to combat fraud and promote integrity in organizations. The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (SPRM) has played a pivotal role in combating corruption within the transport sector, highlighting the need for stringent measures and continuous vigilance. Overall, game theory's application in fraud detection and prevention offers valuable insights and strategies to mitigate corruption and promote ethical governance in Malaysia's transport sector.
A Review on Blood Brain Barriers Receptor
Authors: - Mr. Somnath Laxman Lokhande , - Dr. Amol Navanath Khedkar , - Prof. Ms. Sujata Umakant Veer , - Prof. Ms. Neha Sunil Garud
Published: January 2025

The blood–brain barrier is playing a critical role in controlling the influx and efflux of biological substances essential for the brain’s metabolic activity as well as neuronal function. Thus, the functional and structural integrity of the BBB is pivotal to maintain the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment. The different cells and structures contributing to developing this barrier are summarized along with the different functions that BBB plays at the brain–blood interface. We also explained the role of shear stress in maintaining BBB integrity. Furthermore, we elaborated on the clinical aspects that correlate between BBB disruption and different neurological and pathological conditions. Blood vessels are critical to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all of the tissues and organs throughout the body. The blood vessels that vascularize the central nervous system (CNS) possess unique properties, termed the blood–brain barrier, which allow these vessels to tightly regulate the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood and the brain. This precise control of CNS homeostasis allows for proper neuronal function and also protects the neural tissue from toxins and pathogens, and alterations of these barrier properties are an important component of pathology and progression of different neurological diseases. The physiological barrier is coordinated by a series of physical, transport, and metabolic properties possessed by the endothelial cells (ECs) that form the walls of the blood vessels, and these properties are regulated by interactions with different vascular, immune, and neural cells. Understanding how these different cell populations interact to regulate the barrier properties is essential for understanding how the brain functions during health and disease.
Exploring the Contemporary Applications of Nanotechnology: Innovations, Impacts, and Future Prospects
Authors: - Amruta Gautam Salve , - Samreen Fatema , - Pramila P Ghumare
Published: January 2025

Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular scale, has found applications across a wide array of industries, offering innovative solutions to modern challenges. In medicine, it enables precise drug delivery systems, improved diagnostic tools, and advanced therapies, such as targeted cancer treatment. Electronics benefits from nanotechnology through smaller, faster, and more efficient devices, while energy applications see advancements in solar cells, batteries, and energy storage solutions. Environmental sustainability is enhanced by nanomaterials used in water purification, pollution control, and waste management. Additionally, material science innovations are creating stronger, lighter, and more durable materials, furthering progress in construction, aerospace, and manufacturing. The potential for nanotechnology to revolutionize industries and improve the quality of life is vast, though ongoing research and regulation are crucial to ensure its responsible use.