bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk incidence of fractures and injuries: a multicenter video-EEG study of 626 generalized convulsive seizures
Authors: Frey Katharina , Zöllner Johann Philipp , Knake Susanne , Oganian Yulia , Kay Lara , Mahr Katharina , Keil Fee , Willems Laurent M. , Menzler Katja , Bauer Sebastian , Schubert-Bast Susanne , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam
Published: July 2020

Objective

To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of generalized convulsive seizure (GCS)-related fractures and injuries during video-EEG monitoring.

Methods

We analyzed all GCSs in patients undergoing video-EEG-monitoring between 2007 and 2019 at epilepsy centers in Frankfurt and Marburg in relation to injuries, falls and accidents associated with GCSs. Data were gathered using video material, EEG material, and a standardized reporting form.

Results

A total of 626 GCSs from 411 patients (mean age: 33.6 years; range 3–74 years; 45.0% female) were analyzed. Severe adverse events (SAEs) such as fractures, joint luxation, corneal erosion, and teeth loosening were observed in 13 patients resulting in a risk of 2.1% per GCS (95% CI 1.2–3.4%) and 3.2% per patient (95% CI 1.8–5.2%). Except for a nasal fracture due to a fall onto the face, no SAEs were caused by falls, and all occurred in patients lying in bed without evidence of external trauma. In seven patients, vertebral body compression fractures were confirmed by imaging. This resulted in a risk of 1.1% per GCS (95% CI 0.5–2.2%) and 1.7% per patient (95% CI 0.8–3.3%). These fractures occurred within the tonic phase of a GCS and were accompanied by a characteristic cracking noise. All affected patients reported back pain spontaneously, and an increase in pain on percussion of the affected spine section.

Conclusions

GCSs are associated with a substantial risk of fractures and shoulder dislocations that are not associated with falls. GCSs accompanied by audible cracking, and resulting in back pain, should prompt clinical and imaging evaluations.
Using working memory performance to predict mathematics performance 2 years on
Authors: Allen Katie , Giofrè David , Higgins Steve , Adams John
Published: July 2020

A number of previous studies have used working memory components to predict mathematical performance in a variety of ways; however, there is no consideration of the contributions of the subcomponents of visuospatial working memory to this prediction. In this paper we conducted a 2-year follow-up to the data presented in Allen et al. (Q J Exp Psychol 73(2):239–248, 2020b) to ascertain how these subcomponents of visuospatial working memory related to later mathematical performance. 159 children (M age = 115.48 months) completed the maths test for this second wave of the study. Results show a shift from spatial–simultaneous influence to spatial–sequential influence, whilst verbal involvement remained relatively stable. Results are discussed in terms of their potential for education and future research.
Multimodal evaluation of the cerebrovascular reserve in Neurofibromatosis type 1 patients with Moyamoya syndrome
Authors: D’Amico Alessandra , Ugga Lorenzo , Cocozza Sirio , Giorgio Sara Maria delle Acque , Cicala Domenico , Santoro Claudia , Melis Daniela , Cinalli Giuseppe , Brunetti Arturo , Pappatà Sabina
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) is a rare intracranial arterial vasculopathy which can occur in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) disease, representing a cause of cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) impairment, possibly leading to ischemic stroke. Here, we evaluated noninvasive imaging techniques used to assess CVR in MMS patients, describing clinical and imaging findings in patients affected by MMS-NF1.

Methods

Following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, in this retrospective observational study, we evaluated imaging data of nine consecutive MMS-NF1 patients (M/F = 5/4, mean age: 12.6 ± 4.0). Subjects underwent a multimodal evaluation of cerebral vascular status, including intracranial arterial MR Angiography (MRA), MRI perfusion with dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) technique, and 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) SPECT.

Results

In 8 out 9 patients (88.8%, 6/8 symptomatic), time-to-peak maps were correlated with the involved cerebral hemisphere, while in 6 out 9 patients (66.6%, 5/6 symptomatic), mean transit time (MTT) maps showed correspondence with the affected cerebrovascular territories. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) calculated using DSC perfusion failed to detect the hypoperfused regions instead identified by SPECT-CBF in all patients, while MTT maps overlapped with SPECT-CBF data in all cases and time-to-peak maps in 60.0%.

Conclusions

Although SPECT imaging still represents the gold standard for CBF assessment, our results suggest that data obtained using DSC perfusion technique, and in particular MTT maps, might be a very useful and noninvasive tool for evaluating hemodynamic status in MMS-NF1 patients.
Tablet computer-supported conversation between people with dementia and their carers: technology as interactional focus
Authors: Ferm Ulrika , Ekström Anna , Larsson Elias , Samuelsson Christina
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study is to explore when and how technology becomes a topic in interactions involving people with dementia and their carers. Three dyads of older women with dementia and their carers participated in the study. The dyads interacted in the home environments of the persons with dementia using tablet computers and two web-based applications with generic pictures, videos, and music files (CIRCA) and personalized pictures and films (CIRCUS). The data included twenty-one video-recorded interactions. Topical episode analysis and transcripts of interaction were used to analyze and exemplify when and how technology was talked about in the dyads. The dyads were engaged in exploring the tablets, and six common ways of making technology a topic of conversation were identified: talk about tech problems, commenting actions, expressing uncertainty in navigation, instructing and explaining, expressing surprise, and talk about technical development. The dyads explored the tablets in ways that were reflected in the content of their conversations. If people with dementia and their carers should benefit from today’s technology, such as there is evidence for the interactions examined in this study, their homes and daily environments must be equipped with sufficient internet access and technical support.
How Can We Make Disaster Management Evaluations More Useful? An Empirical Study of Dutch Exercise Evaluations
Authors: Beerens Ralf Josef Johanna , Tehler Henrik , Pelzer Ben
Published: July 2020

The evaluation of simulated disasters (for example, exercises) and real responses are important activities. However, little attention has been paid to how reports documenting such events should be written. A key issue is how to make them as useful as possible to professionals working in disaster risk management. Here, we focus on three aspects of a written evaluation: how the object of the evaluation is described, how the analysis is described, and how the conclusions are described. This empirical experiment, based on real evaluation documents, asked 84 Dutch mayors and crisis management professionals to evaluate the perceived usefulness of the three aspects noted above. The results showed that how evaluations are written does matter. Specifically, the usefulness of an evaluation intended for learning purposes is improved when its analysis and conclusions are clearer. In contrast, evaluations used for accountability purposes are only improved by the clarity of the conclusion. These findings have implications for the way disaster management evaluations should be documented.
Critiquing and Joining Intersections of Disaster, Conflict, and Peace Research
Authors: Peters Laura E. R. , Kelman Ilan
Published: July 2020

Disaster research, conflict research, and peace research have rich and deep histories, yet they do not always fully intersect or learn from each other, even when they investigate if and how disasters lead to conflict or peace. Scholarship has tended to focus on investigating causal linkages between disaster (including those associated with climate change) and conflict, and disaster diplomacy emerged as a thread of explanatory research that investigates how and why disaster-related activities do and do not influence peace and conflict. However, definitive conclusions on the disaster-conflict-peace nexus have evaded scientific consensus, in part due to conceptual, methodological, and interpretive differences among studies. This article highlights that this nexus would benefit from a more robust engagement with each field’s foundational research that explores beyond binary and crude distinctions. Examples are concepts of destructive and constructive conflict; direct, structural, and cultural violence, and their relationships to vulnerability; negative and positive peace; and the ideals and realities of peacebuilding and conflict transformation. This article demonstrates how integrated scholarship could open up and advance new lines of questioning, with implications for developing coherent research, policy, and practice. The article concludes by offering recommendations for how to better connect disaster, conflict, and peace research.
Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of Flow Over an Ogee-Type Weir in a Hydraulic Flume
Authors: Biegowski Jarosław , Paprota Maciej , Sulisz Wojciech
Published: July 2020

Laboratory tests of water flowing over a modified ogee weir are carried out in a wave–current flume for two different scales. A model of a weir representing a part of a spillway section of the existing Włocławek dam (Vistula River, Poland) is mounted in a wave–current flume. The Froude similarity law is used to simulate the flow over a real damming structure at 1:25 and 1:50 scales. Particle image velocimetry methods are employed to measure a flow velocity field over the crest of the weir model. The system is capable of providing high fidelity velocity fields at sampling rates of 10 Hz and 50 Hz. Detailed information on flow characteristics is extracted from the instantaneous velocity field measurements to provide a comprehensive description of the kinematics of a weir flow at discharges corresponding to hydrological events with return periods of 100 and 1000 years, revealing some interesting spatial features. The geometry of the weir results in the development of a characteristic circulation cell, which is relatively wide for the lower discharge. When the flow intensity increases, a triangular circulation develops behind the weir crest instead. Moreover, sudden changes in the flow regime lead to the rapid formation of vortex structures, which propagate downstream at speeds ranging from 0.3 to 1 m s−1. The origin of eddy formation is identified at the upstream and downstream ends of the weir crest for respective average velocities at the crest of approx. 0.6 m s−1 and 1.2 m s−1.
REFLECTION RANKS AND ORDINAL ANALYSIS
Authors: PAKHOMOV FEDOR , WALSH JAMES
Published: July 2020

It is well-known that natural axiomatic theories are well-ordered by consistency strength. However, it is possible to construct descending chains of artificial theories with respect to consistency strength. We provide an explanation of this well-orderedness phenomenon by studying a coarsening of the consistency strength order, namely, the$\Pi ^1_1$reflection strength order. We prove that there are no descending sequences of$\Pi ^1_1$sound extensions of$\mathsf {ACA}_0$in this ordering. Accordingly, we can attach a rank in this order, which we call reflection rank, to any$\Pi ^1_1$sound extension of$\mathsf {ACA}_0$. We prove that for any$\Pi ^1_1$sound theoryTextending$\mathsf {ACA}_0^+$, the reflection rank ofTequals the$\Pi ^1_1$proof-theoretic ordinal ofT. We also prove that the$\Pi ^1_1$proof-theoretic ordinal of$\alpha $iterated$\Pi ^1_1$reflection is$\varepsilon _\alpha $. Finally, we use our results to provide straightforward well-foundedness proofs of ordinal notation systems based on reflection principles.
Partitioning the Ongoing Extension of the Central Apennines (Italy): Fault Slip Rates and Bulk Deformation Rates From Geodetic and Stress Data
Authors: Carafa M. M. C. , Galvani A. , Di Naccio D. , Kastelic V. , Di Lorenzo C. , Miccolis S. , Sepe V. , Pietrantonio G. , Gizzi C. , Massucci A. , Valensise G. , Bird P.
Published: July 2020

We investigated whether the joint inversion of geodetic and stress direction data can constrain long‐term fault slip rates in the central Apennines, and ultimately how extension is partitioned among fault slip and bulk lithosphere permanent strain. Geodetic velocities are collected in the fault interseismic stage with steady secular deformation; thus, long‐term estimates can be derived with a model of elastically unloading seismogenic faults within a viscously deforming lithosphere. As the average spacing of permanent Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations is similar to the average length of seismogenic faults (25–35 km), if not larger, we decided to merge permanent and temporary GNSS measurements, resulting in a denser geodetic data set. Given that most normal faults in the Apennines have slip rates around or below 1 mm/a, and most campaign GNSS velocities carry similar uncertainties, simple local back slip models cannot be applied. More sophisticated modeling is required to extract reasonable bulk deformation rates and long‐term fault slip rates at signal‐to‐noise ratio of order unity. Given the spatial distribution of the GNSS network, we estimated the long‐term slip rate of seven major fault systems that are in satisfactory agreement with available geological slip rates. The resulting spatial distribution of bulk deformation rates locally fits short‐term transients; in other cases, they represent the currently unclear signature of tectonic processes like upper‐crustal viscoplastic deformation and aseismic slip, or indicate missing faults in the adopted database. We conclude that the time is ripe for determining fault slip rates using geodetic and stress direction data, particularly where fault activity rates are hard to determine geologically.
Evaluating the Dust Storm Probability in Isidis‐Elysium Planitia, a Tentative Landing Area of China's First Mars Mission (Tianwen‐1)
Authors: Yao Peiwen , Li Chenfan , Wang Biao , Li Bo , Zhang Jiang , Ling Zongcheng , Chen Shengbo
Published: July 2020

China's first Mars exploration mission (Tianwen‐1), launched on July 23, 2020 with the goal of “orbiting, landing, and roving,” and its tentative landing areas (TLAs) are Chryse Planitia (TLA 1) and Isidis‐Elysium Planitia (TLA 2). Dust storm is a typical activity on Mars; it has strong interaction with atmospheric circulation and will influence the visibility of the Martian surface. To ensure the safety and accuracy for landing, it is meaningful to analyze the probability of dust storm activity during Entry‐Descent‐Landing (EDL) season in TLAs. First, based on Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) and Mars Color Imager (MARCI) Daily Global Maps (MDGMs) from Mars Years 24–31, we identified 882 dust storms within the 2,000 km radius monitor circle of TLA 2 (short for TLA 2‐C). Second, the average daily probability of dust storm activity (Adp_ds) in TLA 2‐C was calculated, with a range of 0% to 14.13% showing obvious seasonality and discontinuity. Third, we divided TLA 2‐C into 0.5° longitude × 0.5° latitude square grids and calculated their spatial probability of dust storm activity. The spatial probability of dust storm in TLA 2‐C ranged from 0% to 11.87% and generally reduced from north to south. Finally, according to the temporal and spatial dust storm probability in TLA 2 during EDL season, we suggested the optimal landing time of China's Tianwen‐1 mission was in Ls = 20–41° and selected five preferred landing areas with the spatial probability of dust storm <3% for this mission.
Value and choice as separable and stable representations in orbitofrontal cortex
Authors: Kimmel Daniel L. , Elsayed Gamaleldin F. , Cunningham John P. , Newsome William T.
Published: July 2020

Value-based decision-making requires different variables—including offer value, choice, expected outcome, and recent history—at different times in the decision process. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in value-based decision-making, but it is unclear how downstream circuits read out complex OFC responses into separate representations of the relevant variables to support distinct functions at specific times. We recorded from single OFC neurons while macaque monkeys made cost-benefit decisions. Using a novel analysis, we find separable neural dimensions that selectively represent the value, choice, and expected reward of the present and previous offers. The representations are generally stable during periods of behavioral relevance, then transition abruptly at key task events and between trials. Applying new statistical methods, we show that the sensitivity, specificity and stability of the representations are greater than expected from the population’s low-level features—dimensionality and temporal smoothness—alone. The separability and stability suggest a mechanism—linear summation over static synaptic weights—by which downstream circuits can select for specific variables at specific times.
A family of lead clusters with precious metal cores
Authors: Shu Cong-Cong , Morgan Harry W. T. , Qiao Lei , McGrady John E. , Sun Zhong-Ming
Published: July 2020

Gold nanoparticles have been used for centuries, both for decoration and in medical applications. More recently, many of the major advances in cluster chemistry have involved well-defined clusters containing tens or hundreds of atoms, either with or without a ligand shell. In this paper we report the synthesis of two gold/lead clusters, [Au8Pb33]6− and [Au12Pb44]8−, both of which contain nido [Au@Pb11]3− icosahedra surrounding a core of Au atoms. Analogues of these large clusters are not found in the corresponding Ag chemistry: instead, the Ag-centered nido icosahedron, [Ag@Pb11]3−, is the only isolated product. The structural chemistry, along with the mass spectrometry which shows the existence of [Au2Pb11]2− but not [Ag2Pb11]2−, leads us to propose that the former species is the key intermediate in the growth of the larger clusters. Density functional theory indicates that secondary π-type interactions between the [Au@Pb11]3− ligands and the gold core play a significant part in stabilizing the larger clusters.
Large-scale mass wasting in the western Indian Ocean constrains onset of East African rifting
Authors: Maselli Vittorio , Iacopini David , Ebinger Cynthia J. , Tewari Sugandha , de Haas Henk , Wade Bridget S. , Pearson Paul N. , Francis Malcolm , van Vliet Arjan , Richards Bill , Kroon Dick
Published: July 2020

Faulting and earthquakes occur extensively along the flanks of the East African Rift System, including an offshore branch in the western Indian Ocean, resulting in remobilization of sediment in the form of landslides. To date, constraints on the occurrence of submarine landslides at margin scale are lacking, leaving unanswered a link between rifting and slope instability. Here, we show the first overview of landslide deposits in the post-Eocene stratigraphy of the Tanzania margin and we present the discovery of one of the biggest landslides on Earth: the Mafia mega-slide. The emplacement of multiple landslides, including the Mafia mega-slide, during the early-mid Miocene is coeval with cratonic rifting in Tanzania, indicating that plateau uplift and rifting in East Africa triggered large and potentially tsunamigenic landslides likely through earthquake activity and enhanced sediment supply. This study is a first step to evaluate the risk associated with submarine landslides in the region.
Raman image-activated cell sorting
Authors: Nitta Nao , Iino Takanori , Isozaki Akihiro , Yamagishi Mai , Kitahama Yasutaka , Sakuma Shinya , Suzuki Yuta , Tezuka Hiroshi , Oikawa Minoru , Arai Fumihito , Asai Takuya , Deng Dinghuan , Fukuzawa Hideya , Hase Misa , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Hayakawa Takeshi , Hiraki Kei , Hiramatsu Kotaro , Hoshino Yu , Inaba Mary , Inoue Yuki , Ito Takuro , Kajikawa Masataka , Karakawa Hiroshi , Kasai Yusuke , Kato Yuichi , Kobayashi Hirofumi , Lei Cheng , Matsusaka Satoshi , Mikami Hideharu , Nakagawa Atsuhiro , Numata Keiji , Ota Tadataka , Sekiya Takeichiro , Shiba Kiyotaka , Shirasaki Yoshitaka , Suzuki Nobutake , Tanaka Shunji , Ueno Shunnosuke , Watarai Hiroshi , Yamano Takashi , Yazawa Masayuki , Yonamine Yusuke , Di Carlo Dino , Hosokawa Yoichiroh , Uemura Sotaro , Sugimura Takeaki , Ozeki Yasuyuki , Goda Keisuke
Published: July 2020

The advent of image-activated cell sorting and imaging-based cell picking has advanced our knowledge and exploitation of biological systems in the last decade. Unfortunately, they generally rely on fluorescent labeling for cellular phenotyping, an indirect measure of the molecular landscape in the cell, which has critical limitations. Here we demonstrate Raman image-activated cell sorting by directly probing chemically specific intracellular molecular vibrations via ultrafast multicolor stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy for cellular phenotyping. Specifically, the technology enables real-time SRS-image-based sorting of single live cells with a throughput of up to ~100 events per second without the need for fluorescent labeling. To show the broad utility of the technology, we show its applicability to diverse cell types and sizes. The technology is highly versatile and holds promise for numerous applications that are previously difficult or undesirable with fluorescence-based technologies.
All-printed nanomembrane wireless bioelectronics using a biocompatible solderable graphene for multimodal human-machine interfaces
Authors: Kwon Young-Tae , Kim Yun-Soung , Kwon Shinjae , Mahmood Musa , Lim Hyo-Ryoung , Park Si-Woo , Kang Sung-Oong , Choi Jeongmoon J. , Herbert Robert , Jang Young C. , Choa Yong-Ho , Yeo Woon-Hong
Published: July 2020

Recent advances in nanomaterials and nano-microfabrication have enabled the development of flexible wearable electronics. However, existing manufacturing methods still rely on a multi-step, error-prone complex process that requires a costly cleanroom facility. Here, we report a new class of additive nanomanufacturing of functional materials that enables a wireless, multilayered, seamlessly interconnected, and flexible hybrid electronic system. All-printed electronics, incorporating machine learning, offers multi-class and versatile human-machine interfaces. One of the key technological advancements is the use of a functionalized conductive graphene with enhanced biocompatibility, anti-oxidation, and solderability, which allows a wireless flexible circuit. The high-aspect ratio graphene offers gel-free, high-fidelity recording of muscle activities. The performance of the printed electronics is demonstrated by using real-time control of external systems via electromyograms. Anatomical study with deep learning-embedded electrophysiology mapping allows for an optimal selection of three channels to capture all finger motions with an accuracy of about 99% for seven classes.
A critical examination of compound stability predictions from machine-learned formation energies
Authors: Bartel Christopher J. , Trewartha Amalie , Wang Qi , Dunn Alexander , Jain Anubhav , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: July 2020

Machine learning has emerged as a novel tool for the efficient prediction of material properties, and claims have been made that machine-learned models for the formation energy of compounds can approach the accuracy of Density Functional Theory (DFT). The models tested in this work include five recently published compositional models, a baseline model using stoichiometry alone, and a structural model. By testing seven machine learning models for formation energy on stability predictions using the Materials Project database of DFT calculations for 85,014 unique chemical compositions, we show that while formation energies can indeed be predicted well, all compositional models perform poorly on predicting the stability of compounds, making them considerably less useful than DFT for the discovery and design of new solids. Most critically, in sparse chemical spaces where few stoichiometries have stable compounds, only the structural model is capable of efficiently detecting which materials are stable. The nonincremental improvement of structural models compared with compositional models is noteworthy and encourages the use of structural models for materials discovery, with the constraint that for any new composition, the ground-state structure is not known a priori. This work demonstrates that accurate predictions of formation energy do not imply accurate predictions of stability, emphasizing the importance of assessing model performance on stability predictions, for which we provide a set of publicly available tests.
Mechanism and consequences for avoidance of superparasitism in the solitary parasitoid Cotesia vestalis
Authors: Chen Wen-bin , Vasseur Liette , Zhang Shuai-qi , Zhang Han-fang , Mao Jun , Liu Tian-sheng , Zhou Xian-yong , Wang Xin , Zhang Jing , You Min-sheng , Gurr Geoff M.
Published: July 2020

A parasitoid’s decision to reject or accept a potential host is fundamental to its fitness. Superparasitism, in which more than one egg of a given parasitoid species can deposit in a single host, is usually considered sub-optimal in systems where the host is able to support the development of only a single parasitoid. It follows that selection pressure may drive the capacity for parasitoids to recognize parasitized hosts, especially if there is a fitness cost of superparasitism. Here, we used microsatellite studies of two distinct populations of Cotesia vestalis to demonstrate that an egg laid into a diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larva that was parasitized by a conspecific parasitoid 10 min, 2 or 6 h previously was as likely to develop and emerge successfully as was the first-laid egg. Consistent with this, a naive parasitoid encountering its first host was equally likely to accept a healthy larva as one parasitized 10 min prior, though handling time of parasitized hosts was extended. For second and third host encounters, parasitized hosts were less readily accepted than healthy larvae. If 12 h elapsed between parasitism events, the second-laid egg was much less likely to develop. Discrimination between parasitized and healthy hosts was evident when females were allowed physical contact with hosts, and healthy hosts were rendered less acceptable by manual injection of parasitoid venom into their hemolymph. Collectively, these results show a limited capacity to discriminate parasitized from healthy larvae despite a viability cost associated with failing to avoid superparasitism.
Fault detection in switching process of a substation using the SARIMA–SPC model
Authors: Fan Guo-Feng , Wei Xiao , Li Ya-Ting , Hong Wei-Chiang
Published: July 2020

To detect substation faults for timely repair, this paper proposes a fault detection method that is based on the time series model and the statistical process control method to analyze the regulation and characteristics of the behavior in the switching process. As the first time, this paper proposes a fault detection model using SARIMA, statistical process control (SPC) methods, and 3σ criterion to analyze the characteristics in substation’s switching process. The employed approaches are both very common tools in the statistics field, however, via effectively combining them with industrial process fault diagnosis, these common statistical tolls play excellent role to achieve rich technical contributions. Finally, for different fault samples, the proposed method improves the rate of detection by at least 9% (and up to 15%) than other methods.
Robust light–dark patterns and reduced amyloid load in an Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mouse model
Authors: Nagare Rohan , Possidente Bernard , Lagalwar Sarita , Figueiro Mariana G.
Published: July 2020

Circadian disruption resulting from exposure to irregular light–dark patterns and sleep deprivation has been associated with beta amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregation, which is a major event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. We exposed 5XFAD mice and littermate controls to dim-light vs. bright-light photophases to investigate the effects of altering photophase strength on AD-associated differences in cortical Aβ42 levels, wheel-running activity, and circadian free-running period (tauDD). We found that increasing light levels significantly reduced cortical Aβ42 accumulation and activity levels during the light phase of the light:dark cycle, the latter being consistent with decreased sleep fragmentation and increased sleep duration for mice exposed to the more robust light–dark pattern. No significant changes were observed for tauDD. Our results are consistent with circadian pacemaker period being relatively unaffected by Aβ pathology in AD, and with reductions in cortical Aβ loads in AD through tailored lighting interventions.
A bioinformatics investigation into molecular mechanism of Yinzhihuang granules for treating hepatitis B by network pharmacology and molecular docking verification
Authors: Zhang Jingyuan , Liu Xinkui , Zhou Wei , Cheng Guoliang , Wu Jiarui , Guo Siyu , Jia Shanshan , Liu Yingying , Li Bingbing , Zhang Xiaomeng , Wang Miaomiao
Published: July 2020

Yinzhihuang granules (YZHG) is a patented Chinese medicine for the treatment of hepatitis B. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms of YZHG in the treatment of hepatitis B and to provide new evidence and insights for its clinical application. The chemical compounds of YZHG were searched in the CNKI and PUBMED databases, and their putative targets were then predicted through a search of the SuperPred and Swiss Target Prediction databases. In addition, the targets of hepatitis B were obtained from TTD, PharmGKB and DisGeNET. The abovementioned data were visualized using Cytoscape 3.7.1, and network construction identified a total of 13 potential targets of YZHG in the treatment of hepatitis B. Molecular docking verification showed that CDK6, CDK2, TP53 and BRCA1 might be strongly correlated with hepatitis B treatment. Furthermore, GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the treatment of hepatitis B by YZHG might be related to positive regulation of transcription, positive regulation of gene expression, the hepatitis B pathway and the viral carcinogenesis pathway. Network pharmacology intuitively shows the multicomponent, multitarget and multichannel pharmacological effects of YZHG in the treatment of hepatitis B and provides a scientific basis for its mechanism of action.
The innate immune toll-like-receptor-2 modulates the depressogenic and anorexiolytic neuroinflammatory response in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Polsek Dora , Cash Diana , Veronese Mattia , Ilic Katarina , Wood Tobias C. , Milosevic Milan , Kalanj-Bognar Svjetlana , Morrell Mary J. , Williams Steve C. R. , Gajovic Srecko , Leschziner Guy D. , Mitrecic Dinko , Rosenzweig Ivana
Published: July 2020

The increased awareness of obstructive sleep apnoea’s (OSA) links to Alzheimer’s disease and major psychiatric disorders has recently directed an intensified search for their potential shared mechanisms. We hypothesised that neuroinflammation and the microglial TLR2-system may act as a core process at the intersection of their pathophysiology. Moreover, we postulated that inflammatory-response might underlie development of key behavioural and neurostructural changes in OSA. Henceforth, we set out to investigate effects of 3 weeks’ exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia in mice with or without functional TRL2 (TLR2+/+, C57BL/6-Tyrc-Brd-Tg(Tlr2-luc/gfp)Kri/Gaj;TLR2−/−,C57BL/6-Tlr2tm1Kir). By utilising multimodal imaging in this established model of OSA, a discernible neuroinflammatory response was demonstrated for the first time. The septal nuclei and forebrain were shown as the initial key seed-sites of the inflammatory cascade that led to wider structural changes in the associated neurocircuitry. Finally, the modulatory role for the functional TLR2-system was suggested in aetiology of depressive, anxious and anorexiolytic symptoms in OSA.
Exciton–phonon interactions in nanocavity-integrated monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Rosser David , Fryett Taylor , Ryou Albert , Saxena Abhi , Majumdar Arka
Published: July 2020

Cavity-integrated transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs) excitons have recently emerged as a promising platform to study strong light–matter interactions and related cavity quantum electrodynamics phenomena. Although this exciton-cavity system is typically modeled as coupled harmonic oscillators, to account for the rich solid-state environment, the effect of exciton–phonon interaction needs to be incorporated. We model the system by including a phenomenological deformation potential for exciton–phonon interactions and we elucidate the experimentally measured preferential coupling of the excitonic photoluminescence to the cavity modes red-detuned with respect to the exciton resonance. Furthermore, we predict and experimentally confirm the temperature dependence of this preferential coupling. By accurately capturing the exciton–phonon interaction, our model illuminates the potential of cavity-integrated TMDCs for the development of low-power classical and quantum technologies.
One-pot fabrication of 2D/2D HCa2Nb3O10/g-C3N4 type II heterojunctions towards enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Shi Jinwen , Mao Liuhao , Cai Chongze , Li Gaosheng , Cheng Cheng , Zheng Botong , Hu Yuchao , Huang Zhesong , Hu Xiaowei , Żyła Gaweł
Published: July 2020

Effective 2D-composite photocatalysts, HCa2Nb3O10/g-C3N4, with enhanced photocatalytic activity are conveniently synthesized by a facile one-pot method.
Assessment of the breakthrough of micropollutants in full-scale granular activated carbon adsorbers by rapid small-scale column tests and a novel pilot-scale sampling approach
Authors: Merle Tony , Knappe Detlef R. U. , Pronk Wouter , Vogler Bernadette , Hollender Juliane , von Gunten Urs
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to compare three approaches for predicting the service life of full-scale GAC adsorbers for the removal of micropollutants.
A highly selective and active metal-free catalyst for ammonia production
Authors: Xing Chengyu , Wu Chenyu , Xue Yurui , Zhao Yingjie , Hui Lan , Yu Huidi , Liu Yuxin , Pan Qingyan , Fang Yan , Zhang Chao , Zhang Danyan , Chen Xi , Li Yuliang
Published: July 2020

Crystalline fluorographdiyne (cFGDY) is synthesized for ammonia production from nitrogen and water at ambient conditions with 100% selectivity and high-activity.
3D ternary NixCo2−xP/C nanoflower/nanourchin arrays grown on HCNs: a highly efficient bi-functional electrocatalyst for boosting hydrogen production via the urea electro-oxidation reaction
Authors: Rezaee Sharifeh , Shahrokhian Saeed
Published: July 2020

Over the last few years, substantial efforts have been made to develop earth-abundant bi-functional catalysts for urea oxidation and energy-saving electrolytic hydrogen production due to their low cost and the potential to replace traditional noble-metal-based catalysts.
Fluorometric sensing of hydroxylamine in an aqueous medium utilizing a diphenyl imidazole-based probe
Authors: Rana Punam , Panda Lipsarani , Murmu Narayan , Bag Bhawani Prasad , Sahu Satya Narayan
Published: July 2020

A diphenyl imidazole-based probe for highly selective fluorometric sensing of hydroxylamine in a neutral aqueous medium.
Swallowing Screening: Purposefully Different From an Assessment Sensitivity and Specificity Related to Clinical Yield, Interprofessional Roles, and Patient Selection
Authors: Suiter Debra M. , Daniels Stephanie K. , Barkmeier-Kraemer Julie M. , Silverman Alan H.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to summarize the goal and process by which identification of individuals at risk for having feeding problems or dysphagia is clinically screened across the life span by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The topic of this clinical focus article was presented at the Charleston Swallowing Conference in Chicago, Illinois, in July 2018. The contents of this clinical focus article offer an expanded summary of information discussed at this meeting with focus on critical considerations to guide clinical decisions by SLPs regarding the optimal feeding and dysphagia screening approach and process.

Conclusion

Screening is a critical first step in the identification of individuals at risk for feeding problems and dysphagia across the life span. Understanding the difference between screening and assessment objectives as well as having the knowledge, skills, and clinical competency to implement psychometrically sound screening approaches is a recommended clinical practice standard for SLPs working with these clinical populations. This clinical focus article summarizes critical considerations for identifying individuals at risk for feeding problems and dysphagia across the life span to guide clinicians working with dysphagia populations.
Effectiveness analysis of ship formation air defence based on deep belief network
Authors: Li Bo , Luo Haoran , Wang Yuanxun , Chen Daqing
Published: July 2020

Aiming at the problem of strong subjectivity and insufficient data utilisation in the traditional ship formation combat effectiveness analysis method, this study proposes a performance analysis fitting model based on deep belief network (DBN), which effectively reconstructs the combat model and improves the accuracy of the effectiveness analysis of the combat system. Firstly, the ship formation air defence effectiveness analysis index system is constructed, and then the structure and training method of the performance analysis fitting model are introduced. Finally, based on the formation of air defence combat, the performance analysis fitting model based on DBN and its comparative experiments are simulated and analysed. Simulation results verify the applicability and effectiveness of the model and method.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System in Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Diagnostic Performance and Interobserver Agreement
Authors: Zhou Hang , Zhang Chao , Du Linyao , Jiang Jiapeng , Zhao Qing , Sun Jiawei , Li Qunying , Wan Ming , Wang Xiaolei , Hou Xiujuan , Wen Qing , Liu Yajing , Zhou Xianli , Huang Pintong
Published: July 2020

Objectives To determine the diagnostic performance and inter-reader agreement of the contrast-enhanced ultrasound liver imaging reporting and data system (CEUS-LI-RADS) for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high-risk patients.

Methods In this prospective study, CEUS-LI-RADS categories (LR-5 for predicting HCC) were assigned by six blinded readers and compared to the definitive HCC diagnosis in patients with liver cirrhosis per the 2017 China Liver Cancer Guidelines (CLCG). CEUS features were recorded in 96 patients with 96 histology-proven lesions. The diagnostic performance of LR-5 was described by the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Multi-reader agreement was assessed by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results In cirrhotic patients, the specificity of LR-5 (range: 92.7–100.0 %) was statistically higher than that of CLCG for each reader (range: 28.6–64.3 %). However, the sensitivity (range: 38.6–63.6 %) and accuracy (range: 53.4–70.7 %) were statistically lower in CEUS-LIRADS than in CLCG (sensitivity range: 88.6–100.0 %; accuracy range: 77.6–86.2 %). Only fair to moderate inter-reader agreement was achieved for the CEUS-LI-RADS category (ICC = 0.595) and washout appearance (ICC range: 0.338 to 0.555). Neither nodule-in-nodule nor mosaic architecture was observed more often in HCC (all P > 0.05), with poor inter-reader consistency for both (both ICC < 0.20).

Conclusion CEUS-LI-RADS category 5 has a high specificity but a low accuracy for identifying HCC in high-risk patients. Inter-reader agreement is not satisfactory concerning CEUS-LIRADS category and washout appearance. Moreover, the clinical value of ancillary features favoring HCC is quite limited.
Microbial electrolysis cells for hydrogen production
Authors: Xiang Li-juan , Dai Ling , Guo Ke-xin , Wen Zhen-hai , Ci Su-qin , Li Jing-hong
Published: July 2020

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) present an attractive route for energy-saving hydrogen (H2) production along with treatment of various wastewaters, which can convert organic matter into H2 with the assistance of microbial electrocatalysis. However, the development of such renewable technologies for H2 production still faces considerable challenges regarding how to enhance the H2 production rate and to lower the energy and the system cost. In this review, we will focus on the recent research progress of MEC for H2 production. First, we present a brief introduction of MEC technology and the operating mechanism for H2 production. Then, the electrode materials including some typical electrocatalysts for hydrogen production are summarized and discussed. We also highlight how various substrates used in MEC affect the associated performance of hydrogen generation. Finally we presents several key scientific challenges and our perspectives on how to enhance the electrochemical performance.
Proof of Cramer’s rule with Dirac delta function
Authors: Ee June-Haak , Lee Jungil , Yu Chaehyun
Published: July 2020

We present a new proof of Cramer’s rule by interpreting a system of linear equations as a transformation of n-dimensional Cartesian-coordinate vectors. To find the solution, we carry out the inverse transformation by convolving the original coordinate vector with Dirac delta functions and changing integration variables from the original coordinates to new coordinates. As a byproduct, we derive a generalized version of Cramer’s rule that applies to a partial set of variables, which is new to the best of our knowledge. Our formulation of finding a transformation rule for multi-variable functions shall be particularly useful in changing a partial set of generalized coordinates of a mechanical system.
A frame decomposition of the atmospheric tomography operator
Authors: Hubmer Simon , Ramlau Ronny
Published: July 2020

We consider the problem of atmospheric tomography, as it appears for example in adaptive optics systems for extremely large telescopes. We derive a frame decomposition, i.e., a decomposition in terms of a frame, of the underlying atmospheric tomography operator, extending the singular-value-type decomposition results of Neubauer and Ramlau (2017 SIAM J. Appl. Math.
77 838–853) by allowing a mixture of both natural and laser guide stars, as well as arbitrary aperture shapes. Based on both analytical considerations as well as numerical illustrations, we provide insight into the properties of the derived frame decomposition and its building blocks.
An experimental investigation on time response characteristics of SMA wire actuators under electric heating for engineering design
Authors: Guan Jing-Han , Pei Yong-Chen , Wang Shun
Published: July 2020

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are proved to have high energy-to-volume ratio and large displacement. However, they have the defect of longer recovery time. In practice, designing SMA wire actuators is a very complex and exhausted thing because of extensive and various needs. In this study, a special setup was designed, which can test many characteristics of a SMA wire heated by electric current, including temperature, deformation, response time, recovery time, wind speed (for cooling), and load. Besides, an empirical model of the wires temperature was presented for avoiding overheating the wires. By fitting experiment data, unknown parameters in this model are determined. Next, main design parameters are investigated on how they exert effects on the characteristics of the SMA wires, including wire radius, convection type, load, and voltage. At last, the time response characteristics were also analyzed. Through this study, one can make clear how each design parameter plays its part in SMA wire actuators.
Collective heat capacity for quantum thermometry and quantum engine enhancements
Authors: Latune C L , Sinayskiy I , Petruccione F
Published: July 2020

The performances of quantum thermometry in thermal equilibrium together with the output power of certain class of quantum engines share a common characteristic: both are determined by the heat capacity of the probe or working medium. After noticing that the heat capacity of spin ensembles can be significantly modified by collective coupling with a thermal bath, we build on the above observation to investigate the respective impact of such collective effect on quantum thermometry and quantum engines. We find that the precision of the temperature estimation is largely increased at high temperatures, reaching even the Heisenberg scaling—inversely proportional to the number of spins. For Otto engines operating close to the Carnot efficiency, collective coupling always enhances the output power. Some tangible experimental platforms are suggested.
Removing Iron and Manganese by Using Cascade Aerator and Limestone Horizontal Roughing Filters
Authors: Syazwan M.F. , Mohd Remy Rozainy M.A.Z , Jamil R.
Published: July 2020

The quality of groundwater at Rumah Nur Kasih consist high concentration of iron (6.12 mg/L) and manganese (0.56 mg/L). The groundwater only used for external usage such as cleaning purposes. In order to reduce iron and manganese, it is proposed cascade aerator system for oxidation process and horizontal roughing filter using limestone as the media for further removal. The oxidation process can reduce iron and manganese in water by increasing the dissolved oxygen. Meanwhile, the filtration by various size of the limestone can help to reduce the concentration of heavy metals as these limestones able to adsorp heavy metals into theirs surface. In this study, two lab scale cascade aerators with different in height of cascade were used to find the highest removal of iron and manganese. It was found out that the optimum flowrate for both cascade aerator was 22mL/s. Model B with higher in height has higher dissolved oxygen and aeration efficiency. The highest removal of iron and manganese for model B are 45.2% and 21.68% respectively. The highest removal of iron and manganese for model A are 39.95% and 12.09% respectively. Three different sizes of limestone were filled into horizontal bed filtration for further removal. The adsorption of these limestone was observed and the smallest range of the limestone has the highest removal for both iron and manganese. The optimum sizes of the limestone are 0.425mm – 2.35mm with removal of 82.75% for iron and 56.78% for manganese.