(Europe Section Heinz Gerischer Award) The Long Reach of Electrochemistry: Semiconductors, Metallization and Energy Storage
Authors: Buckley D. Noel 
Published: November 2022

This talk will attempt to illustrate the long reach of electrochemistry by briefly reviewing our work in a number of different areas including oxygen electrochemistry of platinum metals, various aspects of compound semiconductors and their electrochemistry, electrodeposition of copper metallization and electrochemical kinetics of vanadium redox reactions. The discussion will briefly touch on early work on oxygen evolution on ruthenium and iridium and electrochromism in anodic iridium oxides.1-3 Compound semiconductors will be discussed in a number of aspects from epitaxial crystal growth to electrochemistry. Specific topics will include chemical vapor deposition technology4,5 and electrochemistry at the semiconductor-solution interface including film growth6, oscillatory reactions7 and pore formation on indium phosphide8,9 and photoelectrochemical etching of gallium nitride.10 Aspects of electrodeposited copper metallization will be discussed including in-situ stress measurements and in-situ atomic force microscopy during deposition11 and spontaneous morphology changes during room-temperature aging12. Electrochemical kinetics of vanadium redox reactions on carbon electrodes13 will be discussed as well as other aspects of vanadium flow batteries.14,15

References

D. N. Buckley, L. D. Burke, “Lowering of Overvoltage for Oxygen Evolution at Noble Metal Electrodes in the Presence of Ruthenium Salts”, J. Electroanal. Chem.
52, 433 (1974).

D. N. Buckley, L. D. Burke, “Oxygen Evolution and Corrosion at Iridium Anodes”, J. Chem. Soc.
Faraday Trans. 1,
72, 2431 (1976).

D. N. Buckley, L. D. Burke, “Enhancement of Charge Capacity of an Iridium Surface in the Anodic Region”, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 71, 1447 (1975).

D. N. Buckley, J. R. C. Filipe, F. R. Lineman, K. W. Wang, K. M. Lee, A. A. Westphal, S. M. McEwan and M. A. DiGiuseppe, “Spatial Variations in the Epitaxial Growth of InP and InGaAs by Trichloride VPE and their Physical and Chemical Origins,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 139, 1185 (1992).

D. N. Buckley C. W. Seabury, J. L. Valdes, G. Cadet, J. W. Mitchell, M. A. DiGiuseppe, R. C. Smith, J. R. C. Filipe, R. B. Bylsma, U. K. Chakrabarti and K. W. Wang, “Growth of InGaAs Structures using In Situ Electrochemically Generated Arsine”, Appl. Phys. Lett.
57, 1684 (1990).

D. N. Buckley, E. Harveyand S. N. G. Chu, “Growth of Anodic Films on Compound Semiconductor Electrodes: InP in Aqueous (NH4)2S”, Monatshefte fur Chemie
, 133, 785 (2002)

E. Harvey, D. N. Buckley, and S. N. G. Chu, “Oscillatory Behavior during the Anodization of InP”, Electrochem. Solid State Lett, 5
, G22 (2002)

C. O'Dwyer, D. Sutton, M. Serantoni, S. B. Newcomb and D. N. Buckley, "An Investigation by AFM and TEM of the Mechanism of Anodic Formation of Nanoporosity in n-InP in KOH", J. Electrochem. Soc.
154, H78-H85 (2007).

Robert P. Lynch, Nathan Quill, Colm O’Dwyer, Shohei Nakahara and D. Noel Buckley, "Propagation of Nanopores during Anodic Etching of n-InP in KOH," Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 15135-15145 (2013).

C. Heffernan, R. P. Lynch and D. N. Buckley, “A Study of the Photoelectrochemical Etching of n-GaN in H3PO4 and KOH Electrolytes”, ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 9, 015003 (2020).

S. Ahmed, T. T. Ahmed, M. O’Grady, S. Nakahara and D. N. Buckley, "Investigation of Stress and Morphology in Electrodeposited Copper Nanofilms by Cantilever Beam Method and In-Situ Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy," J. Appl. Phys. 103, 073506 (2008).

S. Ahmed, D. N. Buckley, S. Nakahara, T. T. Ahmed, and Y. Kuo, "An Isothermal Annealing Study of Spontaneous Morphology Change in Electrodeposited Copper Metallization," J. Electrochem. Soc., 154, D103 (2007).

A. Bourke, M. A. Miller, R. P. Lynch, X. Gao, J. Landon, J. S. Wainright, R. F. Savinell, and D. N. Buckley, “Electrode Kinetics of Vanadium Flow Batteries: Contrasting Responses of VII-VIII and VIV-VV to Electrochemical Pretreatment”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 163(1), A5097-A5105 (2016); doi:10.1149/2.0131601jes

C. Petchsingh, N. Quill, J. T. Joyce, D. Ní Eidhin, D. Oboroceanu, C. Lenihan, X. Gao, R. P. Lynch, and D. N. Buckley, “Spectroscopic Measurement of State of Charge in Vanadium Flow Batteries with an Analytical Model of VIV-VV Absorbance” J. Electrochem. Soc.
163, A5068-A5083 (2016) doi:10.1149/2.0091601jes.

D. N. Buckley, D. Oboroceanu, N Quill, C. Lenihan1 and R. P. Lynch, “Modelling and Accelerated Testing of Catholyte Stability in Vanadium Flow Batteries,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 168, 030530 (2021).

Figure 1