bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Miocene multi‐source magma system and magma mixing in the Zhunuo porphyry Cu deposit, southern Tibet, China
Authors: Zhou Aorigele , Liu Qiu‐Ping , Tang Ju‐Xing , Xu Ming , Wang Yi‐Yun , Duan Ji‐Lin , Zheng Ming
Published: August 2020

Zhuno is the only large porphyry copper deposit that preserves the complete magmatic system in the western part of Gangdese porphyry copper belt. Intrusions in the Zhunuo deposit include pre‐ore porphyritic monzogranite, syn‐ore monzogranite porphyry, and post‐ore quartz syenite‐normal granite porphyry, high‐Cr granite porphyry, normal diorite porphyry, high‐Mg diorite porphyry (diorite enclave), potassic lamprophyre, and ultrapotassic lamprophyre. Enriched Sr–Nd isotopic composition and high MgO, LILE, HFSE, LREE, and compatible element (Cr, Ni) contents of the ultrapotassic lamprophyre indicate that the magma derived from the enriched Lhasa lithospheric mantle, which had been metasomatized by fluids and sediment‐derived melts associated with Neo‐Tethyan oceanic subduction and subsequent Indian continental lithosphere subduction. The depletion of the Sr–Nd isotopic composition and MgO (or Mg#), Cr, and Ni content of the normal diorite porphyry manifest that the magma source is juvenile Lhasa lower crust instead of Indian mantle. Geochemical characteristics indicate that the magma sources of the quartz syenite‐normal granite porphyry, high‐Mg diorite porphyry‐diorite enclave, and potassic lamprophyre was derived from ancient Lhasa middle‐upper crust, crust‐mantle transition zone, and enriched Lhasa mantle without Indian lithosphere contribution, respectively. Their similar Sr–Nd isotopic compositions demonstrate a uniform Sr–Nd isotopic reservoir from crust to mantle in Zhunuo area. The major and trace element compositions suggest that the high‐Cr granite porphyry was formed by mixing of quartz syenite‐normal granite porphyry and ultrapotassic lamprophyre magmas. High Sr/Y values and low Y contents of the monzogranite and monzogranite porphyry display adakitic properties. The major and trace element contents and Sr–Nd isotopic composition indicate the monzogranite‐monzogranite porphyry are likely from mixing of the normal diorite porphyry magma with the quartz syenite‐normal granite porphyry magma, rather than with the high‐Mg dioritic (high‐Mg diorite porphyry‐diorite enclave) and/or potassic‐ultrapotassic magmas. According to the spatial and temporal consistency of the adakitic and potassic‐ultrapotassic rocks with the N–S‐trending rifts, Indo‐Asian convergence rate reduction, and uplifting model of Tibetan Plateau, we infer that the magma genesis of the Zhuno intrusions is attributed to decompressional partial melting of Lhasa crust‐mantle triggered by the tearing of the subducting Indian Plate.
High‐density intracranial recordings reveal a distinct site in anterior dorsal precentral cortex that tracks perceived speech
Authors: Berezutskaya Julia , Baratin Clarissa , Freudenburg Zachary V. , Ramsey Nicolas F.
Published: August 2020

Various brain regions are implicated in speech processing, and the specific function of some of them is better understood than others. In particular, involvement of the dorsal precentral cortex (dPCC) in speech perception remains debated, and attribution of the function of this region is more or less restricted to motor processing. In this study, we investigated high‐density intracranial responses to speech fragments of a feature film, aiming to determine whether dPCC is engaged in perception of continuous speech. Our findings show that dPCC exhibited preference to speech over other tested sounds. Moreover, the identified area was involved in tracking of speech auditory properties including speech spectral envelope, its rhythmic phrasal pattern and pitch contour. DPCC also showed the ability to filter out noise from the perceived speech. Comparing these results to data from motor experiments showed that the identified region had a distinct location in dPCC, anterior to the hand motor area and superior to the mouth articulator region. The present findings uncovered with high‐density intracranial recordings help elucidate the functional specialization of PCC and demonstrate the unique role of its anterior dorsal region in continuous speech perception.
Maturation of cortical microstructure and cognitive development in childhood and adolescence: A T1w/T2w ratio MRI study
Authors: Norbom Linn B. , Rokicki Jaroslav , Alnæs Dag , Kaufmann Tobias , Doan Nhat Trung , Andreassen Ole A. , Westlye Lars T. , Tamnes Christian K.
Published: August 2020

The restructuring and optimization of the cerebral cortex from early childhood and through adolescence is an essential feature of human brain development, underlying immense cognitive improvements. Beyond established morphometric cortical assessments, the T1w/T2w ratio quantifies partly separate biological processes, and might inform models of typical neurocognitive development and developmental psychopathology. In the present study, we computed vertex‐wise T1w/T2w ratio across the cortical surface in 621 youths (3–21 years) sampled from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study and tested for associations with individual differences in age, sex, and both general and specific cognitive abilities. The results showed a near global linear age‐related increase in T1w/T2w ratio across the brain surface, with a general posterior to anterior increasing gradient in association strength. Moreover, results indicated that boys in late adolescence had regionally higher T1w/T2w ratio as compared to girls. Across individuals, T1w/T2w ratio was negatively associated with general and several specific cognitive abilities mainly within anterior cortical regions. Our study indicates age‐related differences in T1w/T2w ratio throughout childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, in line with the known protracted myelination of the cortex. Moreover, the study supports T1w/T2w ratio as a promising surrogate measure of individual differences in intracortical brain structure in neurodevelopment.
The epidemiology, surgical management, and impact of margins in skull and mandibular osseous‐site tumors
Authors: Torabi Sina J. , Bourdillon Alexandra , Salehi Parsa P. , Kafle Samipya , Mehra Saral , Rahmati Rahmatullah , Judson Benjamin L.
Published: August 2020

Objective

The aim of the study was to characterize the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of head and neck (HN) osseous‐site tumors.

Methods

Descriptive analyses and multivariate Cox regressions were performed to analyze the effect of surgery on overall survival (OS) utilizing the National Cancer Database (2004‐2016).

Results

Of 2449 tumors, surgery was utilized in 84.5% of cases. OS was worse in osteosarcoma (5‐year OS: 53.4% [SE: 2.5%]) compared with cartilage tumors (5‐year OS: 84.6% [SE: 1.8%]) (log‐rank P < .001). Treatment regimens that included surgery were associated with improved OS on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 0.495 [95% CI: 0.366‐0.670]). Positive margins were found in 40.8% of cases, and associated with decreased OS in osteosarcomas (HR 1.304 [0.697‐2.438]).

Conclusion

Treatment that included surgery was associated with an increased OS within our cohort of HN osseous‐site tumors, although the rates of positive margins were >40%. These findings may be limited by inherent selection bias in the database.
Dark tetrad personality traits and counterproductive work behavior among doctors in Pakistan
Authors: Li Cai , Murad Majid , Shahzad Fakhar , Khan Muhammad Aamir Shafique , Ashraf Sheikh Farhan
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this article is to identify the effects of dark tetrad personality traits (such as narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism and sadism) on counterproductive work behavior with the mediating role of psychological contract breach and the moderating effect of political skills. Previous researches have focused on the direct effect of the dark triad to measure the counterproductive work behavior of individuals. Recently, everyday sadism has been added to the dark triad and become dark tetrad personality traits. Therefore, this study examines the dark tetrad personality traits to study counterproductive work behavior. This study applied structural equation modeling using partial least square to test the hypotheses on a sample of 400 doctors from the health sector of Pakistan. The results of this study reveal that dark tetrad has a positive and significant effect on counterproductive work behavior, and psychological contract breach significantly partially mediates in the relationship between dark tetrad and counterproductive work behavior. Furthermore, findings show that the moderating effect of political skills also positively and significantly strengthening the link between dark tetrad and the psychological contract breach. The conclusion of this study is made an innovative contribution to the Pakistan health sector, researchers and policy makers to designing the relevant practical implications.
Multidisciplinary academic perspectives during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Al‐Taweel Dalal , Al‐Haqan Asmaa , Bajis Dalia , Al‐Bader Jawaher , Al‐Taweel AbdulRahman M. , Al‐Awadhi Abrar , Al‐Awadhi Fawzeya
Published: August 2020

To date, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) has infected more than 5 million people and caused around 350 000 deaths globally. In most countries, the world as we knew it came to a sudden stop and this led to the biggest shift of employees to remotely conduct their work. Academic institutions were extensively affected, as teaching and assessment activities were hampered, and graduation ceremonies were cancelled. In addition, there was an imminent disruption in academic and research activities including face‐to‐face conferences and conventions. Among many challenges, academics had to grapple to remain engaged professionally and socially with students and colleagues. Digital technology being an integral part of life has become essential for connectivity and communication. In this commentary, multidisciplinary academics from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia share perspectives and experiences in adapting to the COVID‐19 reality. From healthcare sciences to engineering, and from business to education, this paper highlights the role academics play in combating professional and social challenges during COVID‐19.
A conceptual framework of quality of life in chronic kidney disease in Turkey: A patient‐focused approach
Authors: Bayin Donar Gamze , Top Mehmet
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to determine the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease who were receiving dialysis treatment. It also aimed to identify the factors affecting the quality of life of these patients. The independent variables analyzed were: patients' sociodemographic characteristics, organizational characteristics, adherence to treatment, patient‐physician relationship, and patient activation level. The sample consisted of 328 patients with chronic kidney disease who received services from dialysis units of two university hospitals and two private dialysis centers. Data analysis was performed through multivariate regression. Results showed that receiving treatment from a hospital‐based dialysis unit may have a positive effect in patients' quality of life; and patient‐physician relationship, patient activity, and adherence to treatment may positively affect quality of life. Thus, planning of health service delivery that focus on improving the quality of life of patients who are more active by allowing them to establish positive relationships with their physicians and to have a better adherence to treatment should be adopted. These findings may provide health managers, health professionals, and individual patients with evidence‐based information about treatment management and health service planning processes related to chronic kidney disease.
Investigation into the origins of an ancient BRCA1 founder mutation identified among Chinese families in Singapore
Authors: Shaw Tarryn , Chan Sock Hoai , Teo Jing Xian , Chong Siao Ting , Li Shao‐Tzu , Courtney Eliza , Ishak Diana , Sankar Haresh , Ang Zoe Li Ting , Chiang Jianbang , Loh Marie , Zhou Li , Lee Soo Chin , Yeh Hui‐Yuan , Kolinjivadi Arun Mouli , Lim Weng Khong , Ngeow Joanne
Published: August 2020

Identification of ancestry‐specific pathogenic variants is imperative for diagnostic, treatment, management and prevention strategies, and to understand penetrance/modifiers on risk. Our study aimed to determine the clinical significance of a recurrent BRCA1 c.442‐22_442‐13del variant of unknown significance identified among 13 carriers from six Chinese families, all with a significant history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. We further aimed to establish whether this was due to a founder effect and explore its origins. Haplotype analysis, using nine microsatellite markers encompassing 2.5 megabase pairs around the BRCA1 locus, identified a common haploblock specific to the variant carriers, confirming a founder effect. Variant age was estimated to date back 77.9 generations to 69 bc using the Gamma approach. On principal component analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms merged with 1000 Genomes dataset, variant carriers were observed to overlap predominantly with the southern Han Chinese population. To determine pathogenicity of the variant, we assessed the functional effect on RAD51 foci formation as well as replication fork stability upon induction of DNA damage and observed an impaired DNA repair response associated with the variant. In summary, we identified an ancient Chinese founder mutation dating back 77.9 generations, possibly common among individuals of southern Han Chinese descent. Using evidence from phenotypic/family history studies, segregation analysis and functional characterization, the BRCA1 variant was reclassified from uncertain significance to pathogenic.
Momentum profits: Fundamentals or time varying unsystematic risk
Authors: BenMabrouk Houda , Souayeh Ismahen
Published: August 2020

This paper examines how fundamentals and time varying unsystematic risk can explore the origins of momentum strategies. Our data encompasses the monthly returns of listed stocks on the NASDAQ 100 index from 2002 to 2016. The results indicate that winners and losers are slanted towards small‐capitalization stocks with high systematic risk. Whereas only winners have growth and value the characteristics. Additionally, the results from the E‐GARCH‐M indicate that the speed of adjustment to volatility shocks is not the same for winners and losers. In fact, we find that the loser portfolios take a longer time to absorb the shocks and are more sensitive to bad than good Innovations. Finally, the results postulate that Momentum is significantly associated to time varying unsystematic risk, specifically for the (3/3) Strategy.
Brexit impact on European Union's destructuration and its contribution to a new economic crisis: A new modelling approach
Authors: Ionescu Romeo‐Victor , Zlati Monica Laura , Antohi Valentin Marian
Published: August 2020

The basic economics considers that Brexit will have a great impact on EUs economy after its finalization. This study introduces a new model (RIV‐2) and a new mathematical approach to quantify and measure the Brexit's impact on EU and UK. Five representative economic indicators were put into analysis during a specific time period. The analysis in the paper points out the elements and the dimension of the economic destructuration in UK and EU economies due to the Brexit. Moreover, the forecasting procedures applied in the paper lead to the same economic conclusions. The correlated analyses realized in connection to UK and EU economies point out the future better economic performance of the EU economy compared to UK economy on short and medium terms.
Is human‐capital investment necessary to modernization? The effect of rural polytechnic training in dual agriculture
Authors: Wu Yunyun , Li Xiaochun
Published: August 2020

In this paper we analyze the link between human‐capital investment and agricultural modernization in a dualistic agricultural economy. We assume that human‐capital investment in the context of agricultural dualism is distinct from that of simple traditional agriculture in that it gives top priority to developing the skills needed for production in the modern agricultural sector. Our aim is to investigate the likely consequences of investments and subsidies that provide polytechnic training to employees in the modern agricultural sector. To this end, we develop a three‐sector general equilibrium model with which one can evaluate the effect of rural polytechnic training. Our research indicates that sector investments and government subsidies raise the output of the traditional agricultural sector but conditionally raise the output of the modern agricultural sector. Moreover, sector investments and government subsidies each have greater effects on the development of the traditional sector than they would on that of the modern sector. These, nevertheless, are not conducive to the agricultural modernization.
Comparisons of deposit types and implications of the financial crisis: Evidence for U.S. banks
Authors: Glass Anthony J. , Kenjegaliev Amangeldi , Kenjegalieva Karligash
Published: August 2020

This paper makes three diverse contributions. First, whereas the extant literature estimates a single elasticity of substitution/complementarity from an input distance function, we calculate a range of elasticities. Second, we make a substantive contribution to the literature on bank input substitution/complementarity because somewhat surprisingly there has been very little work on this issue. Third, our analysis of the substitutability/complementarity of deposit types for U.S. banks in 2008–2015 (crisis and beyond), vis‐à‐vis 1992–2007 (pre‐crisis), is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to consider the effect of structural change on elasticities of substitution/complementarity. To account for the extent of the heterogeneity in the U.S. banking industry we estimate random coefficients models, as opposed to standard fixed parameter models. The key empirical findings are the changes in the substitutability/complementarity of the quantities of particular pairs of deposit types between the two sample periods, which points to changes in depositors' preferences across banks' deposit portfolios. To illustrate, for savings deposits, which are characterized by flexibility and liquidity, and time deposits, which are less so and thus have higher interest rates, we find significantly lower quantity complementarity in 2008–2015. From this finding, we can conclude that savings and time deposits have become more distinct, which we suggest should be reflected in banks' strategic management of their deposit portfolios.
How cost of capital is changing: The effect of accounting information
Authors: Türegün Nida
Published: August 2020

The main objective of this paper is to explore the effects of information on the costs of capital. The study will offer insights on how firms can make use of information to manipulate the costs of capital to achieve the desired goals. It offers divergent view on the effects of information on the costs of capital. Moreover, it examines the effect on the capital costs of the firm's accounting information by taking earnings quality as a proxy. The analytical results suggest that all of the accounting information components have an effect on the capital cost of the firm. The further finding of this paper is that the quality and quantity of information have an effect on the capital cost in a firm. Importantly, information has different effects on the informed and uninformed investors. This paper offers new insights on the role of private and public information on affecting the costs of capital on both informed and the uninformed investors.
Exenatide, a GLP‐1 analog, has healing effects on LPS‐induced autism model: Inflammation, oxidative stress, gliosis, cerebral GABA, and serotonin interactions
Authors: Solmaz Volkan , Tekatas Aslan , Erdoğan Mümin Alper , Erbaş Oytun
Published: August 2020

Previous studies have established anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of Exenatide in the central nervous system. Since these mechanisms are thought to have important roles in the pathophysiology of autism, we hypothesized that Exenatide may have healing effects in autism. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effects of Exenatide in an experimental autism model created by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in the womb, with behavioral tests, histopathological examinations, and biochemical measurements. The autism model was created by administration of LPS (i.p) to pregnant rats on the 10th day of their pregnancy at a dose of 100 µg/kg. On postnatal 21st day, a total of four groups were formed from offspring with regard to sex distribution and treatment. After a 45‐day treatment, behavioral analysis tests were performed on rats. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed and biochemical analysis [superoxide dismutase, tumor necrotizing factor alpha, nerve growth factor, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and glutamic acid decarboxylase‐67] and histopathological analysis were performed. On the 10th day of the intrauterine period, LPS exposure was found to disrupt behavioral findings, increase inflammation and hippocampal gliosis, and decrease 5‐HIAA, GAD‐67, and NGF, especially in male rats. However, among the rats exposed to LPS in the intrauterine period, recipients of Exenatide demonstrated significant amelioration of findings. Exenatide therapy shows positive effects on behavioral disorders in an LPS‐induced autism model. This agent probably exerts its effects by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress and reducing hippocampal gliosis. In addition, Exenatide has also been shown to positively affect cerebral serotonergic and GABAergic effects.
Regulation of glycine metabolism by the glycine cleavage system and conjugation pathway in mouse models of non‐ketotic hyperglycinemia
Authors: Leung Kit‐Yi , De Castro Sandra C. P. , Santos Chloe , Savery Dawn , Prunty Helen , Gold‐Diaz Diana , Bennett Stuart , Heales Simon , Copp Andrew J. , Greene Nicholas D. E.
Published: August 2020

Glycine abundance is modulated in a tissue‐specific manner by use in biosynthetic reactions, catabolism by the glycine cleavage system (GCS), and excretion via glycine conjugation. Dysregulation of glycine metabolism is associated with multiple disorders including epilepsy, developmental delay, and birth defects. Mutation of the GCS component glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) in non‐ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) causes accumulation of glycine in body fluids, but there is a gap in our knowledge regarding the effects on glycine metabolism in tissues. Here, we analysed mice carrying mutations in Gldc that result in severe or mild elevations of plasma glycine and model NKH. Liver of Gldc‐deficient mice accumulated glycine and numerous glycine derivatives, including multiple acylglycines, indicating increased flux through reactions mediated by enzymes including glycine‐N‐acyltransferase and arginine: glycine amidinotransferase. Levels of dysregulated metabolites increased with age and were normalised by liver‐specific rescue of Gldc expression. Brain tissue exhibited increased abundance of glycine, as well as derivatives including guanidinoacetate, which may itself be epileptogenic. Elevation of brain tissue glycine occurred even in the presence of only mildly elevated plasma glycine in mice carrying a missense allele of Gldc. Treatment with benzoate enhanced hepatic glycine conjugation thereby lowering plasma and tissue glycine. Moreover, administration of a glycine conjugation pathway intermediate, cinnamate, similarly achieved normalisation of liver glycine derivatives and circulating glycine. Although exogenous benzoate and cinnamate impact glycine levels via activity of glycine‐N‐acyltransferase, that is not expressed in brain, they are sufficient to lower levels of glycine and derivatives in brain tissue of treated Gldc‐deficient mice.
Tumor inhibition or tumor promotion? The duplicity of CXCR3 in cancer
Authors: Russo Eleonora , Santoni Angela , Bernardini Giovanni
Published: August 2020

Tumor tissue includes cancer cells and normal stromal cells such as vascular endothelial cells, connective tissue cells (cancer associated fibroblast, mesenchymal stem cell), and immune cells (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or TIL, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, tumor-associated macrophages or TAM, myeloid-derived suppressor cells or MDSC). Anti-tumor activity is mainly mediated by infiltration of NK cells, Th1 and CD8+ T cells, and correlates with expression of NK cell and T cell attracting chemokines. Nevertheless, cancer cells hijack tissue homeostasis through secretion of cytokines and chemokines that mediate not only the induction of an inflamed status that supports cancer cell survival and growth, but also the recruitment and/or activation of immune suppressive cells. CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are known for their tumor-inhibiting properties, but their overexpression in several hematologic and solid tumors correlates with disease severity, suggesting a role in tumor promotion. The dichotomous nature of CXCR3 ligands activity mainly depends on several molecular mechanisms induced by cancer cells themselves able to divert immune responses and to alter the whole local environment. A deep understanding of the nature of such phenomenon may provide a rationale to build up a CXCR3/ligand axis targeting strategy. In this review, we will discuss the role of CXCR3 in cancer progression and in regulation of anti-tumor immune response and immunotherapy.
Hourly extreme precipitation changes under the influences of regional and urbanization effects in Beijing
Authors: Yuan Yufeng , Zhai Panmao , Chen Yang , Li Jian
Published: August 2020

Short duration extreme precipitation has devastating impacts on city area. Local urbanization effects, superimposed upon regional climate change, complicate examination of long‐term changes in short duration precipitation extremes in urban areas. Based on high‐quality rain gauge observations of summer time hourly precipitation in Beijing Region over 1977–2013, this study reveals that despite the general drying tendency for North China, the urban area of Beijing has experienced more hourly precipitation extremes (HPE) than the suburban area since 2004, coinciding with the surge in the growth of urban built‐up areas. These hourly urban precipitation extremes are increasingly inclined to occurring during night‐time, especially during 1800 LST to 0200 LST (UCT+8). On the one hand, the amplified urban heat inland effect, which was more significant at night‐time, seems to have facilitated formation of more intense small scale thermal‐low and resultant ascending branch; on the other hand, it has favoured to establishing unstable stratification in the lower level. This possible mechanism explains the preference of HPE in urban areas during night‐time and climate change diversity under the influence of megacity superposition.
Energy Expenditure and Liver Transplantation: What We Know and Where We Are
Authors: Santos Bárbara Chaves , Correia Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson , Anastácio Lucilene Rezende
Published: August 2020

Patients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) and undergoing liver transplantation (LTx) commonly present with malnutrition attributed to various etiologies. One of the causes is potential hypermetabolism resulting from increased resting energy expenditure (REE). After the surgery, it is hypothesized that these patients show a reduction in REE, which may contribute to the weight gain observed in this population. However, there have been controversial results regarding the metabolic status of ESLD patients and liver recipients, which has led us to critically review the pertinent literature. We enrolled studies with the following goals: assessment of REE of these patients either before or after surgery by using indirect calorimetry (measured REE [mREE]) and comparison of these mREE values with those of healthy controls or with REE values obtained using predictive equations (predicted REE [pREE]). For most patients, mREE and pREE values were comparable. However, ≥5.3% of patients exhibited hypermetabolism when the mREE was compared with the pREE using the Harris‐Benedict formula. Three follow‐up studies that were conducted postsurgery showed a progressive reduction in the mREE for ≤1 year. However, conflicting data have been published, and cross‐sectional studies have not reported hypometabolic patients. In conclusion, there is no consensus regarding the metabolic status of pre‐LTx and post‐LTx patients, which may be due to differences in the methods used for comparison. Therefore, we highlight this aspect of LTx patient management, which impacts the quality of nutrition therapy required by these patients.
Portable Raman can be the new hammer for architects restoring 20th‐century built heritage elements made of reinforced concrete
Authors: Ibarrondo Iratxe , Balziskueta Urko , Martínez‐Arkarazo Irantzu , García‐Florentino Cristina , Arana Gorka , Azkarate Agustín , Madariaga Juan Manuel
Published: August 2020

The use of portable Raman is proposed as the modern hammer of architects to inspect protected buildings of the 20th century, where reinforced concrete was used for structures and Portland type cement for mortars/binders in the walls. Two different buildings in the province of Biscay (North of Spain) were selected, the Punta Begoña Galleries, Getxo (1918), qualified as monument, affected by a direct marine and hard industrial environment from the Bilbao Commercial Harbor, the Library of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Campus of Leioa (1968), affected by the diffuse urban‐industrial atmosphere of metropolitan Bilbao. For both cases, original and decayed compounds were searched by portable Raman spectroscopy (785‐ and 532‐nm lasers) in raw materials and efflorescence salts over them. In the Galleries, the expected raw materials of Portland‐type mortars and reinforced concrete were detected, such as alite (3CaO·SiO2), belite (2CaO·SiO2), calcite (mortar and gravel) and gypsum together with quartz and aragonite, which indicates the use of beach sand as aggregate. Other compounds like nitratine (NaNO3), nitrocalcite/niter (Ca (NO3)2.6H2O/KNO3), γ‐anhidrite (CaSO4), bassanite (CaSO4·1/2H2O), mackinawite ((Fe,Ni)S), lepidocrocite (γ‐FeO (OH)), haematite (Fe2O3) and whewellite (CaC2O4·H2O) indicated also a heavy decay, because of chemical reactions between compounds in the aerosols around the building and original materials. In the Library of the UPV/EHU, apart from the same kind of original compounds, high amounts of niter (KNO3) were detected in efflorescence just underneath the upper gardens of the building, suggesting a decay due to the infiltration of ammonium nitrate charged waters. Moreover, thenardite (Na2SO4), syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O), gypsum (in efflorescence salts), aphthitalite (K3Na(SO4)2), haematite and anatase (TiO2) were also detected in other efflorescences.
Trends in Subglottic Stenosis Management: Resource Utilization and Pediatric Otolaryngology Training
Authors: McCormick Michael E.
Published: August 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

The role for endoscopic management in children with subglottic stenosis (SGS) has grown, but there are no data on resource utilization or the impact on surgical training in pediatric otolaryngology. This study hypothesizes that this shift has increased resource utilization and has impacted surgical training by shifting the focus toward more endoscopic techniques.

Study Design

Retrospective database review.

Methods

The Kids' Inpatient Database for 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 was queried for admissions with the diagnosis of SGS. Surgical caseload was studied using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Accreditation data system for 2010 to 2017.

Results

Admissions with SGS remained constant between 2003 and 2012. Hospital charges per admission did not change between 2003 and 2009 but increased in 2012. Tracheostomy decreased from 10.5% of admissions in 2003 to 6.8% in 2012. The percentage requiring repair of the larynx did not change; other operations on the larynx increased from 4.5% in 2003 to 11.6% in 2012. The median number of laryngoplasties performed per trainee decreased from 14 to nine between 2010 and 2017, whereas the number of laryngoscopy with intervention procedures increased from 34 to 56.

Conclusions

The evolution of SGS management appears to have led to a decrease in tracheostomy and an increase in certain procedures that may include endoscopic procedures. Recently, there has been a shift in airway surgical training, with trainees logging less open laryngotracheoplasty and more interventional laryngoscopy. Although these trends cannot be directly linked, the changes in trainee surgical experience may be justified by the decrease in larger open procedures and associated resource utilization.

Level of Evidence

2c Laryngoscope, 132:S1–S9, 2022
Moebius syndrome: Craniofacial clinical manifestations and their association with prenatal exposure to misoprostol
Authors: Ruge‐Peña Néstor O. , Valencia Claudia , Cabrera Dagoberto , Aguirre Daniel C. , Lopera Francisco
Published: August 2020

Background

A growing link between prenatal exposure to misoprostol (PEM) and Moebius syndrome (MS) or sequence has been reported. Our objectives were to describe the craniofacial clinical manifestations associated with MS and to determine the frequency of PEM, comparing cases of exposure and nonexposure.

Methods

A descriptive, cross‐sectional study of 140 patients with MS. Clinical evaluations, as well as 140 interviews with mothers residing in 39 cities or districts of Colombia, were carried out between April 2008 and May 2018. Additionally, previous clinical history of each case was reviewed.

Results

The average age of the patients with MS was 8.4 years (29 days to 48 years). All of them presented facial nerve involvement and abducens, 112 (80.8%) with bilateral facial paralysis. 98.5% presented craniofacial disorders, and there were no significant differences between those exposed and not exposed to misoprostol. Forty‐seven percentage of patients (64 cases) presented PEM, in 98.4% of which abortion had been intended.

Conclusion

PEM could have an influence in the appearance of new cases of MS by increasing the frequency of bleeding during gestation, without increasing the number of associated craniofacial malformations. We present the biggest series on MS and craniofacial findings in the literature, along with a meaningful reference for its understanding.

Level of Evidence

3b.
Subphenotyping depression using machine learning and electronic health records
Authors: Xu Zhenxing , Wang Fei , Adekkanattu Prakash , Bose Budhaditya , Vekaria Veer , Brandt Pascal , Jiang Guoqian , Kiefer Richard C. , Luo Yuan , Pacheco Jennifer A. , Rasmussen Luke V. , Xu Jie , Alexopoulos George , Pathak Jyotishman
Published: August 2020

Objective

To identify depression subphenotypes from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) using machine learning methods, and analyze their characteristics with respect to patient demographics, comorbidities, and medications.

Materials and Methods

Using EHRs from the INSIGHT Clinical Research Network (CRN) database, multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to analyze 11 275 patients with depression to discern depression subphenotypes with distinct characteristics.

Results

Using the computational approaches, we derived three depression subphenotypes: Phenotype_A (n = 2791; 31.35%) included patients who were the oldest (mean (SD) age, 72.55 (14.93) years), had the most comorbidities, and took the most medications. The most common comorbidities in this cluster of patients were hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Phenotype_B (mean (SD) age, 68.44 (19.09) years) was the largest cluster (n = 4687; 52.65%), and included patients suffering from moderate loss of body function. Asthma, fibromyalgia, and Chronic Pain and Fatigue (CPF) were common comorbidities in this subphenotype. Phenotype_C (n = 1452; 16.31%) included patients who were younger (mean (SD) age, 63.47 (18.81) years), had the fewest comorbidities, and took fewer medications. Anxiety and tobacco use were common comorbidities in this subphenotype.

Conclusion

Computationally deriving depression subtypes can provide meaningful insights and improve understanding of depression as a heterogeneous disorder. Further investigation is needed to assess the utility of these derived phenotypes to inform clinical trial design and interpretation in routine patient care.
Donor‐Transmitted Cancers in Transplanted Livers: Analysis of Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Eccher Albino , Girolami Ilaria , Marletta Stefano , Brunelli Matteo , Carraro Amedeo , Montin Umberto , Boggi Ugo , Mescoli Claudia , Novelli Luca , Malvi Deborah , Lombardini Letizia , Cardillo Massimo , Neil Desley , D’Errico Antonietta
Published: August 2020

The risk of transmission of malignancy from donor to recipient is low. However, this occurrence has dramatic consequences. Many reports of donor‐derived cancers in liver transplant recipients have been published, but they have not been systematically summarized into a lucid and unified analysis. The present study is an attempt to provide clarity to this unusual but clinically important problem. We systematically reviewed all patient reports, patient series, and registries published on cancer transmission events through the end of December 2019. We identified a total of 67 publications with 92 transmission events. The most frequently transmitted cancers were lymphomas (30; 32.6%), melanomas (8; 8.7%), and neuroendocrine tumors (8; 8.7%). Most of the melanomas were metastasizing, whereas most of the lymphomas were localized to the graft. The median time to cancer diagnosis after transplantation was 7 months, with 78.1% of diagnoses established in the first year. Melanoma carried the worst prognosis, with no recipients alive at 1 year after cancer diagnosis. Lymphoma recipients had a better outcome, with more than 75% surviving at 2 years. A metastatic cancer carries a worse prognosis for recipients, and recipients with localized cancer can benefit from the chance to undergo transplantation again. The findings confirm the need to pay attention to donors with a history of melanoma but also suggest the need for a more careful evaluation of groups of donors, such as those dying from cerebral hemorrhage. Finally, recipients of organs from donors with cancer should be carefully followed to detect potential transmission.
Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: Still Effective After More Than 8 Years
Authors: Thomsen Birgitte L.C. , Jensen Steen R. , Clausen Anders , Karlsborg Merete , Jespersen Bo , Løkkegaard Annemette
Published: August 2020

Background

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐DBS) is well established and the most effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known of the long‐term effects.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the long‐term effects of STN‐DBS in PD and evaluate the effect of reprogramming after more than 8 years of treatment.

Methods

A total of 82 patients underwent surgery in Copenhagen between 2001 and 2008. Before surgery and at 8 to 15 years follow‐up, the patients were rated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) with and without stimulation and medicine. Furthermore, at long‐term follow‐up, the patients were offered a systemic reprogramming of the stimulation settings. Data from patients' medical records were collected. The mean (range) age at surgery was 60 (42–78) years, and the duration of disease was 13 (5–25) years. A total of 30 patients completed the long‐term follow‐up.

Results

The mean reduction of the motor UPDRS by medication before surgery was 52%. The improvement of motor UPDRS with stimulation alone compared with motor UPDRS with neither stimulation nor medication was 61% at 1 year and 39% at 8 to 15 years after surgery (before reprogramming). Compared with before surgery, medication was reduced by 55% after 1 year and 44% after 8 to 15 years. After reprogramming, most patients improved.

Conclusions

STN‐DBS remains effective in the long run, with a sustained reduction of medication in the 30 of 82 patients available for long‐term follow‐up. Reprogramming is effective even in the late stages of PD and after many years of treatment.
Top managers in the digital age: Exploring the role and practices of top managers in firms' digital transformation
Authors: Wrede Michaela , Velamuri Vivek K. , Dauth Tobias
Published: August 2020

This study explores the role and facilitating actions of top managers in response to the digital transformation. Building on 27 in‐depth interviews with top managers and close associates from large German firms, we find that top managers respond to the digital transformation by engaging in three key actions: understanding digitalization, setting the formal context for digitalization, and leading change. Moreover, findings emphasize that top management team support is essential in firms' digital transformation. Overall, this study contributes novel insights about the consequences of top managers for firms and establishes an initial foundation for investigating top managers in the digital age.
Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency due to COQ8A gene mutations
Authors: Zhang Linwei , Ashizawa Tetsuo , Peng Dantao
Published: August 2020

Background

Primary deficiency of coenzyme Q10 deficiency‐4 (COQ10D4) is an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with mitochondrial respiratory chain disfunction. The main clinical manifestation involves early‐onset exercise intolerance, progressive cerebellar ataxia, and movement disorders. COQ8A gene mutations are responsible for this disease. Here, we provide clinical, laboratory, and genetic findings of a patient with cerebellar ataxia caused by compound heterozygous mutations in COQ8A gene.

Methods

A male patient from a non‐consanguineous Chinese family underwent detailed physical and auxiliary examination. After exclusion of acquired causes of ataxia, Friedreich's Ataxia, and common types of spinocerebellar ataxia, the patient was subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by confirmation of sequence variants using Sanger sequencing. His asymptomatic parents, two brothers and one sister were genotyped for these variants.

Results

This patient showed early‐onset exercise intolerance and progressive cerebellar ataxia, wide‐based gait and tremor, accompanied by symptoms of dysautonomia. His serum lactate level was elevated and plasma total Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was decreased. Brain MRI showed cerebellar atrophy, and X‐ray of the spine revealed thoraco‐lumbar scoliosis. Compound heterozygous mutations in the COQ8A gene were identified through WES: c.1844_1845insG, p.Ser616Leufs*114 and c.902G>A, p.Arg301Gln. After treatment with ubidecarenone, 40 mg three times per day for 2 years, the symptoms dramatically improved.

Conclusions

We identified a patient with COQ10D4 caused by novel COQ8A mutations. Our findings widen the spectrum of COQ8A gene mutations and clinical manifestations.
Well‐posedness and Hyers‐Ulam results for a class of impulsive fractional evolution equations
Authors: Waheed Hira , Zada Akbar , Xu Jiafa
Published: August 2020

In this work, we establish a new class of nonlinear implicit fractional evolution equation with integrable impulses. We investigate the qualitative properties of
‐mild solution of the proposed problem. The results are obtained using the theory of probability density functions, operators semigroup, and fixed‐point criteria. The main theoretical results are well demonstrated with the help of an example.
Some results on the internal finite‐time stabilization of vibrating strings with interior mass
Authors: Belgacem Ghada Ben , Jammazi Chaker
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the problem of internal finite‐time stabilization for 1‐D coupled wave equations with interior point mass is handled. The nonlinear stabilizing feedback law leads, in closed‐loop, to nonlinear evolution equations where Kato theory is used to prove the well‐posedness. In addition, it is showed that in some cases, the solution of this hybrid system is constant in finite‐time if we use Neumann boundary conditions. This result can be improved (in complete finite‐time stability sense) if we change the above feedback.
Compact dual band circularly polarized meta‐structured antenna for GPS application
Authors: Ham Chan , Lee Chang‐Hyun , Lee Jeong‐Hae
Published: August 2020

In this letter, a dual band circularly polarized (CP) meta‐structured antenna is designed by −1 mode for L1 band and mu‐zero resonance mode for L2 band, respectively. The antenna consists of two kinds of unit cells which have four unit elements for −1 mode and mu‐zero resonance mode, respectively, in order to utilize the limited space efficiently, and to maximize the gain. Since two modes of −1 mode and mu‐zero resonance mode operate like as loop antenna, these are fed by magnetic coupling of an aperture, simultaneously. In order to reduce mutual coupling between two modes, the orientation of −1 mode antennas are tilted by 45° from that of MZR mode antennas. In this arrangement, magnetic fields with two directions are needed to excite all unit elements, simultaneously. Thus, a cross shaped asymmetric aperture is employed. The RHCP gain of the antenna is measured to be 0.59 dBic at L1 band and −0.02 dBic at L2 band, respectively. The size of the antenna is only 0.14 λ0 by 0.14 λ0 (krground = 1.28) at L2 band. The measured results show a good agreement with those of simulations.
Frequency‐adjustable magnetic field probes
Authors: Wehkamp Niklas , Rovedo Philipp , Fischer Elmar , Hennig Jürgen , Zaitsev Maxim
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance field probes provide exciting possibilities for enhancing MR image quality by allowing for calibration of k‐space trajectories and/or dynamic measurement of local field changes. The purpose of this study is to design and build field probes, which are easier to manufacture and more flexible to use than existing probes.

Methods

A new manufacturing method is presented based on light‐activated resin to encase the coil assembly and the 1H sample. This method allows for realizing field probes with tightly integrated orthogonal coils, whereby the local resonance frequency of protons can be adjusted during the MR experiment, by applying a DC current to the integrated

‐field modification coil.

Results

The apparent field probe position in a gradient echo experiment was shifted within the field of view by changing its Larmor frequency using an integrated micro‐coil with 5.5 windings. The measured frequency modulation induced by the

‐field modification coil was 113 Hz/mA. The probe was tested with currents up to 100 mA. The DC current in the local field modification coil did not introduce visible artifacts in the MR images. Furthermore selective off‐resonant excitation of the new field probes at 2 kHz above the main RF frequency was demonstrated. Gradient impulse response functions measured with a traditional and proposed probe show similar gradient imperfections.

Conclusions

The presented approach opens up new possibilities for concurrent field monitoring during MR experiments using standard RF capabilities of clinical scanners.