bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE NAS LICENCIATURAS EM EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO – CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA: UM OLHAR PARA PRODUÇÕES ACADÊMICAS / THE INTERDISCIPLINARITY IN THE DEGREE IN FIELD EDUCATION - NATURAL SCIENCES: A LOOK AT ACADEMIC PRODUCTIONS
Authors: Sául Tamine Santos , Muenchen Cristiane
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: “como a interdisciplinaridade é apresentada e trabalhada nas Licenciaturas em Educação do Campo, na Área de Ciências da Natureza, nas publicações em nível de país?”. Para isso, foi necessária a procura pelas produções acadêmicas sobre a interdisciplinaridade, com intuito de buscar as articulações entre a Educação do Campo e o Ensino de Ciências, no Portal de Periódicos CAPES, na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e nos anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC), a partir dos termos: Licenciatura em Educação do Campo ou Ciências da Natureza ou Ciências e, ainda, na sequência, a expressão interdisciplinaridade. Formaram o corpus de análise de produções acadêmicas: três artigos e uma dissertação. Após análise, foi possível perceber que o tema interdisciplinaridade é pouco discutido nas produções acadêmicas.
A Comparative Review of the Beef Carcass Classification Systems of Selected African Countries with the Red Meat Classification System Found in the European Union
Authors: Dlamini B. N. , Masarirambi M. T. , Gadaga T. H.
Published: April 2020

Beef carcass classification represents an assurance to the consumer that the meat conforms to established set of official standards according to consumer demands and expectations. Most beef carcass grading systems combine both the grades for quality (carcass maturity, fatness, conformation, carcass defects) and quantity (expected yield). However, there is scarcity of documented information on the existing beef classification systems among some African countries. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the heterogeneity of the existing beef grading systems in selected African countries. The criteria used in beef carcass classification systems of these African countries were examined in the present study, and compared with the European Union red meat classification system. The results of this review indicated lack of uniformity in beef carcass classification systems among the selected African countries. In addition, the results show that at the moment some African countries have not adopted an objective system of beef carcass grading. Therefore, the existing red meat classification system using non-objective visual assessment of beef carcasses could be biased. The use of objective quality indices/attributes is recommended as a form of an improvement that will be aligned with consumer expectations.
Conditions and Congestion Level amongst Correctional Services in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Authors: Okiwe N. C. , Abu O. P. , Anele K. A.
Published: April 2020

Aims: To examine the Nigerian Correctional Service Condition and Congestion level in the Selected States in the Niger Delta Region.

Study Design: Cross sectional survey design.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in selected states and location of correctional service in Niger Delta Region which include Rivers, Delta and Akwa Ibom States between December 2017 and September 2018.

Methodology: Simple random sampling technique was adopted in selecting Three Hundred and Eighty-Seven (387) inmates using the Taro Yarmane Formular from the population of Eleven Thousand Six Hundred and Thirty-Five (11,635). Primary and Secondary data were used for this study. Primary data were obtained through the administration of questionnaire. The set of questionnaires was administered to inmates to elicit information on the facilities and comfortability of the prison and the welfare service available. The secondary source of information that were employed included relevant official publications and records from Nigerian Correctional Service, journal articles, periodicals and internet sources. Frequency, percentage, tables were used in presenting information on Demographic Characteristics of respondents. The hypotheses were tested using the Chi Square Statistical tool.

Results: The result of the study showed that the selected prisons are highly congested in capacity as against the actual capacity.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the selected prisons are congested and the inmate’s welfare are inefficient and ineffective.
Some Properties and Estimation of Parameters for the Five Parameter Type I Generalized Half Logistic Distribution under Complete Observation
Authors: Bello O. A. , Awodutire P. O. , Sule I. , Lawal H. O.
Published: April 2020

This paper is a further study of the five parameter type I generalized half logistic distribution. We derived some properties of the distribution. Estimation of the parameters of the distribution under complete observation was studied using the maximum likelihood method. To assess the flexibility of the distribution, it was applied to a real lifetime data and the results when compared to the sub-models showed that the five parameter type I generalized half logistic distribution performed best.
Information Needs of Women Regarding Health and Hygiene Practices
Authors: Kaur Loveleen , Kaur Sukhjeet , Sharma Preeti
Published: April 2020

Information is a source of power and is important for individual growth and survival. Information about health and hygiene is crucial because it influences an individual’s quality of life. As far as health and hygiene practices are concerned, women play an active role in getting information about these; hence there is a need to study their information needs regarding health and hygiene. After finding out the needs of women regarding these aspects, accordingly information can be made accessible to them. Keeping this into account, the present study was conducted in Ludhiana district of Punjab. Data was taken from 200 rural and urban women of 25-50 years, by the help of an interview schedule. Health and hygiene practices were studied under three categories as personal, food related and household health and hygiene practices. Information needs were studied on a three point continuum i.e. highly needed, somewhat needed and not needed. Results of the study showed that under personal health and hygiene practice, information on hair care and obesity was most needed. The most needed information regarding food related health and hygiene was on low cost nutritious recipes. The major information need reported by the respondents was related to control of insects and pests in case of household health and hygiene practices and majority of the respondents had low level of information need for all health and hygiene practices. Information needs of the women were positively related with their education and mass media exposure, whereas age was negatively correlated with the information needs of women. Consequently, there is a need to educate women regarding health and hygiene practices through effective communication methods, so that they can realize the importance and need for information on these topics.
Quantifying the impact of optical surface guidance in the treatment of cancers of the head and neck
Authors: Wei Wenbo , Ioannides Pericles J. , Sehgal Varun , Daroui Parima
Published: April 2020

Surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) is increasingly being adopted for use in radiation treatment delivery for Head and Neck (H&N) cancer patients. This study investigated the improvement of patient setup accuracy and reduction of setup time for SGRT compared to a conventional setup. A total of 60 H&N cancer patients were retrospectively included. Patients were categorized into three groups: oral cavity, oropharynx and nasopharynx/sinonasal sites with 20 patients in each group. They were further separated into two (2) subgroups, depending on whether they were set up with the aid of SGRT. The Align‐RT™ system was used for SGRT in this work. Positioning was confirmed by daily kV‐kV imaging in conjunction with weekly CBCT scans. Translational and rotational couch shifts along with patient setup times were recorded. Imaging setup time, which was defined as the elapsed time from the acquisition of the first image set to the end of the last image set, was recorded. Average translational shifts were larger in the non‐SGRT group. Vertical shifts showed the most significant reduction in the SGRT group for both oropharynx and oral cavity groups. Pitch corrections were significantly higher in the SGRT group for oropharynx patients and higher pitch corrections were also observed in the SGRT groups of oral cavity and nasopharynx/sinonasal patients. The average setup time when SGRT guidance was employed was shorter for all three treatment sites although this did not reach statistical significance. The largest time reduction between the SGRT and non‐SGRT groups was seen in the nasopharynx/sinonasal group. This study suggests that the use of SGRT decreases the magnitude of translational couch shifts during patient setup. However, the rotational corrections needed were generally higher with SGRT group. When SGRT was employed, a definite reduction in patient setup time was observed for nasopharynx/sinonasal and hypopharynx cancer patients.
Phenylhydrazinium Iodide for Surface Passivation and Defects Suppression in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Laskar Md Ashiqur Rahman , Luo Wenqin , Ghimire Nabin , Chowdhury Ashraful Haider , Bahrami Behzad , Gurung Ashim , Reza Khan Mamun , Pathak Rajesh , Bobba Raja Sekhar , Lamsal Buddhi Sagar , Chen Ke , Rahman Md Tawabur , Rahman Sheikh Ifatur , Emshadi Khalid , Xu Tingting , Liang Mao , Zhang Wen‐Hua , Qiao Qiquan
Published: April 2020

In recent years, hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) have received considerable research attention due to their impressive photovoltaic performance and low‐temperature solution processing capability. However, there remain challenges related to defect passivation and enhancing the charge carrier dynamics of the perovskites, to further increase the power conversion efficiency of HPSCs. In this work, the use of a novel material, phenylhydrazinium iodide (PHAI), as an additive in MAPbI3 perovskite for defect minimization and enhancement of the charge carrier dynamics of inverted HPSCs is reported. Incorporation of the PHAI in perovskite precursor solution facilitates controlled crystallization, higher carrier lifetime, as well as less recombination. In addition, PHAI additive treated HPSCs exhibit lower density of filled trap states (1010 cm−2) in perovskite grain boundaries, higher charge carrier mobility (≈11 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s), and enhanced power conversion efficiency (≈18%) that corresponds to a ≈20% improvement in comparison to the pristine devices.
Fatal hyperkeratosis syndrome in four siblings due to dolichol kinase deficiency
Authors: Hall Bryan D. , Stevenson Roger E. , Jones Julie R.
Published: April 2020

A diagnostic journey began in 1966 when a male was born with a lethal hyperkeratosis of undetermined etiology, only to be followed by three additional siblings with the same unknown disorder. All four siblings had unique circumferential skin constrictions on all of their digits. They died within 5 days after birth with no diagnosis or etiology established. The first author (BDH) maintained notes, partial medical records, photographs, and comments about one autopsy report. This information was regularly revisited in the hope of finding a literature match, but no etiological diagnosis was forthcoming. However, in 2017, Rush et al. reported two siblings with similar phenotype in whom they found dolichol kinase deficiency (DOLK). Ultimately, our family was relocated and DNA isolated from the pathology slides of the third affected infant showed compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the DOLK gene. The variants were in trans, with different missense variants from the mother and father. This 52‐year diagnostic pursuit, culminated in an answer that gave the family an explanation for their losses.
Effect of monoclonal antibodies on olfactory dysfunction caused by chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tsetsos Nikolaos , Markou Konstantinos , Konstantinidis Iordanis
Published: April 2020

Background

Olfactory dysfunction is a common complaint in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The purpose of this article is to critically review all published literature regarding the impact of monoclonal antibodies on CRSwNP‐related olfactory dysfunction.

Methods

An electronic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library electronic databases, and multiple trial registries, followed by extensive hand‐searching for the retrieval of relevant studies.

Results

Seven trials with a total of 957 patients were eventually identified and systematically reviewed. Six of 7 studies showed that biologic therapy can improve olfactory dysfunction when compared with placebo. Overall, these biologic agents were considered safe and well‐tolerated. No cases of olfactory deterioration or olfactory loss were reported.

Conclusion

This is the first meta‐analysis presenting clinical outcomes with regard to olfactory function in CRSwNP patients who had been treated with monoclonal antibodies. The positive effect of biologic treatment on the olfactory function of these patients requires further study so that the sustainability of results and duration of treatment can be determined.
Rechts vor links?
Authors: Eitner Pascal
Published: April 2020

Viele Organismen weisen in Bezug auf Körperbau und Verhalten eine Asymmetrie auf, die zwischen „Rechts“ und „Links“ unterscheidet. Am Beispiel von Plattfischen, Schnecken, Hummern und Walrossen wird gezeigt, dass die Bevorzugung einer Körperseite meist genetisch determiniert ist. Die Aufklärung der Arbeitsweise des Links‐Rechts‐Organisators (LRO) liefert einen Ansatz dafür, wie es in der Embryogenese zur Festsetzung der Körperseiten kommt. Schon auf molekularer Ebene findet eine Selektion zwischen „Rechts“ und „Links“ statt. Dabei gilt das Schlüssel‐Schloss‐Prinzip als Brücke von molekularer Händigkeit zur phänotypischen Asymmetrie der Organismen. So zieht sich ein Band von der Passgenauigkeit bestimmter Stoffwechselpartner über zelluläre Signalkaskaden bis zu makroskopischen Verschiebungen von Organplätzen und der einseitigen Bevorzugung einer Extremität, die bei uns Menschen in einer Dominanz der Rechtshänder gipfelt.
A preliminary investigation into counselling student attitudes towards self‐harming behaviour
Authors: Fox Claudine
Published: April 2020

Aim

This article reports an exploratory study that investigated the attitudes of counselling students towards self‐harm.

Method

A total of 76 counselling students were presented with short scenarios describing an individual who engaged in self‐cutting, self‐poisoning and unspecified self‐harm. Attitudes were measured using the Attitudes towards Mental Illness Questionnaire (AMIQ; Luty et al., 2006).

Results

Overall, counselling students demonstrated a positive response to self‐harm. Significant differences in attitude according to type of self‐harm were also evident. Participants were significantly less positive towards self‐poisoning than self‐cutting or unspecified self‐harm. Attitudes towards self‐cutting and unspecified self‐harm were not differentiated.

Conclusions

Findings suggest counselling student attitudes towards self‐harm are worthy of further investigation. Potential implications for counselling training, professional practice and stigma reduction are discussed.
A Critical Analysis about the Underestimated Role of the Electrolyte in Batteries Based on Organic Materials
Authors: Gerlach Patrick , Balducci Andrea
Published: April 2020

Electrochemical energy storage devices based on organic materials such as polymers and organic molecules (PORMs) are nowadays regarded with increasing attention. The interest on these systems is related to their promising electrochemical performance, their low cost and their high sustainability. In the last years, several works focused on the development of active materials suitable for these systems, while much less studies have been dedicated to the electrolytes. The aim of this short review is to critically analyze these latter results, and to identify the main aspects that should be addressed in the future. Since the electrolyte is a key component of any energy storage devices, this analysis appears of particular importance for the realization of the next generation of PORM‐based devices.
Hypothesis: bipolar disorder is an Epstein–Barr virus‐driven chronic autoimmune disease – implications for immunotherapy
Authors: Pender Michael P
Published: April 2020

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic disease characterised by episodes of major depression and episodes of mania or hypomania, with a worldwide prevalence of 2.4%. The cause of BD is unknown. Here, I propose the hypothesis that BD is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection of autoreactive B cells. It is postulated that EBV‐infected autoreactive B cells accumulate in the brain where they provide costimulatory survival signals to autoreactive T cells and differentiate into plasma cells producing pathogenic autoantibodies targeting brain components such as the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor. It is also proposed that the accumulation of EBV‐infected autoreactive B cells in the brain is a consequence of a genetically determined defect in the ability of CD8+ T cells to control EBV infection. The theory is supported by studies indicating that autoimmunity, EBV infection and CD8+ T‐cell deficiency all have roles in the pathogenesis of BD. According to the hypothesis, BD should be able to be treated by EBV‐specific T‐cell therapy and to be prevented by vaccination against EBV in early childhood. Exposure to sunlight or appropriate artificial light should also be beneficial in BD by augmenting CD8+ T‐cell control of EBV infection.
Current concepts on how to optimise skin needling 2020: A personal experience
Authors: Fernandes Desmond
Published: April 2020

This is a brief history of the skin needling treatment (collagen induction therapy), and it covers the original clinical work that was validated by research of Matthias Aust and the team at Hanover Medical School, Germany. Skin needling became the very first medical procedure to induce regeneration instead of scar formation, as it employs TGFB3 and IL10. The methods to optimise the effects of skin needling are examined. The depth of penetration into the skin will depend upon the condition treated. Wrinkles, stretch marks and so forth only require 1.0 mm, whereas burn scars, acne scars and so on require a deeper penetration, that is, about 3.0 mm. The use of topicals both before and after skin needling also needs to be considered. Vitamins A and C are scientifically proven to almost quadruple the effects of needling. Selected peptides seem to further enhance the results. Hyaluronic acid is best induced naturally, but it may be used topically for comfort. Finally, the rationale of the intervals between needling is examined. To take advantage of the increased titres of TGFB3 and IL10, the best clinical results seem to come from treatments at 4‐ to 10‐day intervals. For better results, other modalities such as red and infrared LED, platelet rich plasma and mild peeling are receiving attention. Skin needling is the safest and the most effective method to treat photoageing, lax skin, stretch marks, acne scars and burn scars.
Sonic patriarchy in a left‐wing French philosophy department
Authors: Thorkelson Eli
Published: April 2020

It is a contradiction that patriarchal power and masculine violence continue to endure in academic spaces that are nominally dedicated to liberation and radical critique. How does a left‐wing patriarchy reproduce itself? I propose an exploratory ethnography of a patriarchal drama in France, focusing on administrative meetings in a university philosophy department. Drawing on Rebecca Lentjes’ concept of sonic patriarchy, I propose that an established mode of patriarchal anarchism served to reproduce masculine radical subjects through a culture of aggressive noisemaking. These radical subjects were organized by the exclusion of two sorts of Others: women and conservative men, each excluded by specific sonic processes. The ensuing mode of reproduction was nevertheless unstable, threatened with neoliberal normalization and by internal critiques pointing towards a feminist materialism. When patriarchy becomes self‐dramatizing, dedramatization may become a meaningful political strategy.
Use of Trauma‐Informed Care With Incarcerated Offenders
Authors: Pringer Sarah M. , Wagner Nathaniel J.
Published: April 2020

Regardless of preexisting trauma history, offenders regularly experience traumatic events while incarcerated. Current therapeutic approaches focus on coping skills and behavioral responses. The authors recommend integrating the use of trauma‐informed care to address the deeper emotional responses tied to trauma.
“How do Pilates Trained Physiotherapists utilize and value Pilates Exercise for MSK conditions? A Qualitative Study”
Authors: Cuddy Peter , Gaskell Lynne
Published: April 2020

Background

Pilates is a popular exercise therapy approach offering numerous benefits, including muscular strength, flexibility, control, and core stability. Pilates has been widely utilized in the prevention and rehabilitation of a variety of musculoskeletal disorders.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and opinions of Pilates trained NHS and private practice physiotherapists in the UK, regarding the perceived benefits, risks, delivery and rationale for this exercise method.

Methods

This qualitative study used a self‐designed electronic survey to retrieve the views of 30 physiotherapists, who had undertaken formal Pilates Instruction training, recruited by a purposive and snowball sampling method. Questions were either multiple choice or open‐ended, examined via thematic analysis.

Results

Physiotherapists identified the most important benefits of Pilates as reduction in fear‐avoidance, improving bodily awareness and increasing muscular strength. Exercises that promote general movement were highlighted as being particularly useful, with a majority recommending daily practice for optimum benefit. Participants recognized lack of core strength as a key indicator, whereas others criticized excessive focus on this principle.

Conclusions

Physiotherapists identified a range of inter‐linked benefits and recognized that Pilates is hugely modifiable. Individualizing exercises can further encourage participation and negate the restriction of some health conditions. NHS and Private Practice Therapists utilize Pilates in a similar way, although rationales for its use may differ, as the justification for Pilates exercise may be evolving. Pilates appears a valuable methodology in the NHS, which can help patients engage with activity.
A Practical Method for the Synthesis of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclobutanes by Cu(OAc)2 or FeCl3 Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Luo Hui , Yan Jun , Chen Zuliang , Wei Yingjing , Chen Bin , Liu Yu
Published: April 2020

Cu(OAc)2 or FeCl3 catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between terminal alkenes and unpurified dialkyl methylidenemalonates was revealed. This new method represents a scalable and convenient approach for the transformation of alkenes into donor‐acceptor cyclobutanes.
Determination of chlorophenols in water by liquid chromatography method after magnetic solid phase extraction based on SiO2/MIL‐101@Fe3O4 nanoadsorbent
Authors: Mehraban Masoomeh , Manoochehri Mahboobeh
Published: April 2020

Liquid chromatographic determination of chlorophenols in water and wastewater samples was performed following magnetic solid phase extraction based on SiO2/MIL (Materials Institute Lavoisier)‐101@Fe3O4 nanoadsorbent. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the synthesis and application of SiO2/MIL‐101@Fe3O4 for enrichment and extraction of chlorophenols. The nanoadsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. One variable at a time and central composite design were used for optimization. The optimum conditions were achieved as following: pH value, 4.7; sample volume, 40 mL; nanoadsorbent amount, 25.0 mg; adsorption time, 3.5 min sonication; salt concentration, 10% w/v NaCl; eluent volume, 140 µL 0.01 mol/L HCl in methanol. After optimization, linearity was attained in the range of 0.2‐300 µg L−1 (r2 > 0.9978) and limits of detection were 0.06‐0.2 µg L−1. Method precision as relative standard deviation was less than 6.7% and enrichment factors were achieved in the range of 134–189. The proposed method based on using SiO2/MIL‐101@Fe3O4 nanoadsorbent is simple and fast owing to the magnetically‐assisted separation. Finally, the method was employed for the analysis of mineral water and wastewater samples with satisfactory results (recovery, 89–103%; relative standard deviation, 5.0–7.9%).
Virtual Assistance in Any Context
Authors: Janssen Antje , Passlick Jens , Rodríguez Cardona Davinia , Breitner Michael H.
Published: April 2020

Several domain-specific assistants in the form of chatbots have conquered many commercial and private areas. However, there is still a limited level of systematic knowledge of the distinctive characteristics of design elements for chatbots to facilitate development, adoption, implementation, and further research. To close this gap, the paper outlines a taxonomy of design elements for chatbots with 17 dimensions organized into the perspectives intelligence, interaction and context. The conceptually grounded design elements of the taxonomy are used to analyze 103 chatbots from 23 different application domains. Through a clustering-based approach, five chatbot archetypes that currently exist for domain-specific chatbots are identified. The developed taxonomy provides a structure to differentiate and categorize domain-specific chatbots according to archetypal qualities that guide practitioners when taking design decisions. Moreover, the taxonomy serves academics as a foundation for conducting further research on chatbot design while integrating scientific and practical knowledge.
Phase and dimensional stability of volcanic ash-based phosphate inorganic polymers at elevated temperatures
Authors: Djobo Jean Noël Yankwa , Elimbi Antoine , Stephan Dietmar
Published: April 2020

Phosphate geopolymers are part of chemically bonded phosphate cements obtained from an aluminosilicate and phosphate solution. Their structure consisting of phosphate bonds makes them suitable for use as refractory material. This study deals with the influence of phosphoric acid concentration (6, 8 and 10 mol/L) on the stability of volcanic ash-based phosphate geopolymers exposed to 100, 600 and 1000 °C. The results reveal that the onset of crystallization is about 600 °C with the formation of aluminum phosphate (V) and tridymite, then crystallization of iron (III) phosphate (V) and hematite at 1000 °C. The degree of crystallization of these phases increases with phosphoric acid concentration. The geopolymers obtained with 8 mol/L of phosphoric acid showed the best thermal stability at 1000 °C in terms of compressive strength change. The maximum thermal linear shrinkage recorded was 3%. The major phases of all geopolymers remain stable up to 1000 °C, after which the melting of phases happens.
Impedance testing of porous Si3N4 scaffolds for skeletal implant applications
Authors: Akbulut Serdar Onat , Ghorbanpoor Hamed , İpteç Betül Özbek , Butterworth Adrian , Avcıoğlu Gamze , Kozacı Leyla Didem , Topateş Gülsüm , Corrigan Damion K. , Avcı Hüseyin , Güzel Fatma D.
Published: April 2020

Si3N4ceramics show excellent characteristics of mechanical and chemical resistance in combination with good biocompatibility, antibacterial property and radiolucency. Therefore, they are intensively studied as structural materials in skeletal implant applications. Despite their attractive properties, there are limited data in the field about in vitro studies of cellular growth on ceramic implant materials. In this study, the growth of bone cells was investigated on porous silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramic implant by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Partial sintering was performed at 1700 °C with limited amount of sintering additive for the production of porous Si3N4scaffolds. All samples were then sterilized by using ethylene oxide followed by culturing MG-63 osteosarcoma cells on the substrates for in vitro assays. At 20 and 36 h, EIS was performed and results demonstrated that magnitude of the impedance as a result of the changes in the culture medium increased after incubation with osteosarcoma cells. The changes are attributed to the cellular uptake of charged molecules from the medium. Si3N4samples appear to show large impedance magnitude changes, especially between 100 and 1 Hz. Impedance changes were also correlated with WST-1 measurements (36 h) and DAPI results.
Physiological responses to maximal eating in men
Authors: Hengist Aaron , Edinburgh Robert M. , Davies Russell G. , Walhin Jean-Philippe , Buniam Jariya , James Lewis J. , Rogers Peter J. , Gonzalez Javier T. , Betts James A.
Published: April 2020

This study investigated metabolic, endocrine, appetite and mood responses to a maximal eating occasion in fourteen men (mean: age 28 (sd5) years, body mass 77·2 (sd6·6) kg and BMI 24·2 (sd2·2) kg/m2) who completed two trials in a randomised crossover design. On each occasion, participants ate a homogenous mixed-macronutrient meal (pizza). On one occasion, they ate until ‘comfortably full’ (ad libitum) and on the other, until they ‘could not eat another bite’ (maximal). Mean energy intake was double in the maximal (13 024 (95 % CI 10 964, 15 084) kJ; 3113 (95 % CI 2620, 3605) kcal) compared with thead libitumtrial (6627 (95 % CI 5708, 7547) kJ; 1584 (95 % CI 1364, 1804) kcal). Serum insulin incremental AUC (iAUC) increased approximately 1·5-fold in the maximal compared withad libitumtrial (mean:ad libitum43·8 (95 % CI 28·3, 59·3) nmol/l × 240 min and maximal 67·7 (95 % CI 47·0, 88·5) nmol/l × 240 min,P< 0·01), but glucose iAUC did not differ between trials (ad libitum94·3 (95 % CI 30·3, 158·2) mmol/l × 240 min and maximal 126·5 (95 % CI 76·9, 176·0) mmol/l × 240 min,P= 0·19). TAG iAUC was approximately 1·5-fold greater in the maximalv.ad libitumtrial (ad libitum98·6 (95 % CI 69·9, 127·2) mmol/l × 240 min and maximal 146·4 (95 % CI 88·6, 204·1) mmol/l × 240 min,P< 0·01). Total glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and peptide tyrosine–tyrosine iAUC were greater in the maximal compared withad libitumtrial (P< 0·05). Total ghrelin concentrations decreased to a similar extent, but AUC was slightly lower in the maximalv.ad libitumtrial (P= 0·02). There were marked differences on appetite and mood between trials, most notably maximal eating caused a prolonged increase in lethargy. Healthy men have the capacity to eat twice the energy content required to achieve comfortable fullness at a single meal. Postprandial glycaemia is well regulated following initial overeating, with elevated postprandial insulinaemia probably contributing.
THE VALUE OF COMMUNICATION AND COOPERATION WHEN SERVERS ARE STRATEGIC
Authors: FACKRELL M. , LI C. , TAYLOR P. G. , WANG J.
Published: April 2020

In 2015, Guglielmi and Badia discussed optimal strategies in a particular type of service system with two strategic servers. In their setup, each server can be either active or inactive and an active server can be requested to transmit a sequence of packets. The servers have varying probabilities of successfully transmitting when they are active, and both servers receive a unit reward if the sequence of packets is transmitted successfully. Guglielmi and Badia provided an analysis of optimal strategies in four scenarios: where each server does not know the other’s successful transmission probability; one of the two servers is always inactive; each server knows the other’s successful transmission probability and they are willing to cooperate.

Unfortunately, the analysis by Guglielmi and Badia contained some errors. In this paper we correct these errors. We discuss three cases where both servers (I) communicate and cooperate; (II) neither communicate nor cooperate; (III) communicate but do not cooperate. In particular, we obtain the unique Nash equilibrium strategy in Case II through a Bayesian game formulation, and demonstrate that there is a region in the parameter space where there are multiple Nash equilibria in Case III. We also quantify the value of communication or cooperation by comparing the social welfare in the three cases, and propose possible regulations to make the Nash equilibrium strategy the socially optimal strategy for both Cases II and III.
Effect of Chorionicity on Umbilical Cord Blood Acid-Base Analysis of the Second Twin
Authors: Blitz Matthew J. , Rochelson Burton , Benja-Athonsirikul Nontawan , Shan Weiwei , Greenberg Meir , Bracero Luis A.
Published: April 2020

Our objective was to determine whether chorionicity affects umbilical cord blood acid-base parameters of the second twin. This was a retrospective cohort of twin pregnancies delivered at ≥23 weeks of gestation at a tertiary hospital from 2010 to 2016. Patients were included if arterial and venous umbilical cord gas results were available for both newborns and chorionicity was confirmed histologically. Exclusion criteria included intrauterine fetal demise of either twin prior to labor, major fetal anomalies, monoamnionicity, uncertain chronicity and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. The primary outcome evaluated was the umbilical artery (UA) pH of the second twin. A total of 593 dichorionic (DC) and 86 monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies were included. No difference in UA pH was observed between MC and DC twins. Among vaginal deliveries (n = 97), the UA pH of the first twin was higher than the second twin (7.26 vs. 7.24; p = .01). Twin-to-twin delivery interval (TTDI) ≥20 min was associated with a higher UA pH in the first twin compared to the second twin (7.25 vs. 7.16, respectively; p = .006). Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict arterial pH < 7.20 for the second twin; the most predictive factors were arterial pH < 7.20 for the first twin, chronic hypertension and prolonged TTDI. Chorionicity was not associated with any acid-base parameter of umbilical cord blood in either the first or second twin. No differences in neonatal outcomes were observed based on chorionicity or birth order. Populations with a lower cesarean delivery rate may yield different findings.
Amorphization and Plasticity of Olivine During Low‐Temperature Micropillar Deformation Experiments
Authors: Kranjc Kelly , Thind Arashdeep S. , Borisevich Albina Y. , Mishra Rohan , Flores Katharine M. , Skemer Philip
Published: April 2020

Experimentally quantifying the viscoplastic rheology of olivine at the high stresses and low temperatures of the shallow lithosphere is challenging due to olivine's propensity to deform by brittle mechanisms at these conditions. In this study, we use microscale uniaxial compression tests to investigate the rheology of an olivine single crystal at room pressure and temperature. Pillars with nominal diameters of 1.25 μm were prepared using a focused ion beam milling technique and were subjected to sustained axial stresses of several gigapascal. The majority of the pillars failed after dwell times ranging from several seconds to a few hours. However, several pillars exhibited clear evidence of plastic deformation without failure after 4–8 hr under load. The corresponding creep strain rates are estimated to be on the order of 10−6 to 10−7 s−1. The uniaxial stresses required to achieve this deformation (4.1–4.4 GPa) are in excellent agreement with complementary data obtained using nanoindentation techniques. Scanning transmission electron microscopy observations indicate that deformation occurred along amorphous shear bands within the deformed pillars. Electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements revealed that the bands are enriched in Fe and depleted in Mg. We propose that inhomogeneities in the cation distribution in olivine concentrate stress and promote the amorphization of the Fe‐rich regions. The time dependence of catastrophic failure events suggests that the amorphous bands must grow to some critical length scale to generate an unstable defect, such as a shear crack.
Author Correction: Exposure to paternal tobacco smoking increased child hospitalization for lower respiratory infections but not for other diseases in Vietnam
Authors: Miyahara Reiko , Takahashi Kensuke , Anh Nguyen Thi Hien , Thiem Vu Dinh , Suzuki Motoi , Yoshino Hiroshi , Tho Le Huu , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Cox Sharon E. , Yoshida Lay Myint , Anh Dang Duc , Ariyoshi Koya , Yasunami Michio
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Sirtinol, a Sir2 protein inhibitor, affects stem cell maintenance and root development in Arabidopsis thaliana by modulating auxin-cytokinin signaling components
Authors: Singh Sharmila , Singh Alka , Yadav Sandeep , Gautam Vibhav , Singh Archita , Sarkar Ananda K.
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Enhancing Cell Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Pre-osteoblasts by BMP-2 Delivery in Graphene Oxide-Incorporated PLGA/HA Biodegradable Microcarriers
Authors: Fu Chuan , Yang Xiaoyu , Tan Shulian , Song Liangsong
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Bacteria poration on modified boron-doped diamond electrode surfaces induced by divalent cation chelation
Authors: Lin Meng-Hsuan , Mehraeen Shafigh , Cheng Gang , Rusinek Cory , Chaplin Brian P.
Published: April 2020

This work showed that divalent ions from the outer membrane of bacteria can be chelated byN-propyl-2-hydroxyacetamide functional groups that were immobilized on boron-doped diamond electrodes.
Influence of the mechanical properties of biomaterials on degradability, cell behaviors and signaling pathways: current progress and challenges
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Cunyang , Wu Shuai , Fan Yubo , Li Xiaoming
Published: April 2020

We have clarified the influence of the mechanical properties of biomaterials on degradability and cell response, and also mechanical design targets and approaches.
Microwave spin resonance investigation on the effect of the post-processing annealing of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Pathak Saurabh , Singh Arjun , Khanduri H. , Basheed G. A. , Wang Lan , Pant R. P.
Published: April 2020

A novel investigation on the finite-size effects on the spin resonance properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles has been performed using a room temperature ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique.
Acceleration of ammonium phosphate hydrolysis using TiO2 microspheres as a catalyst for hydrogen production
Authors: Zaki Ayman H. , Shalan Ahmed Esmail , El-Shafeay Aya , Gadelhak Yasser M. , Ahmed Enas , Abdel-Salam M. O. , Sobhi M. , El-dek S. I.
Published: April 2020

Titania microspheres are considered as an adequate material with low cost and easily attainable pathways, and can be utilized in photocatalytic H2 production to solve the energy crisis.
Emerging nuclear collectivity in 124−130Te
Authors: Coombes B. J. , Stuchbery A. E. , Allmond J. M. , Gargano A. , Dowie J. T. H. , Georgiev G. , Gerathy M. S. M. , Gray T. J. , Kibédi T. , Lane G. J. , McCormick B. P. , Mitchell A. J. , Spinks N. J. , Tee B. P. E.
Published: April 2020

The emergence of nuclear collectivity near doubly-magic 132Sn was explored along the stable, eveneven 124−130Te isotopes. Preliminary measurements of the B(E2; 41+ → 21+) transition strengths are reported from Coulomb excitation experiments primarily aimed at measuring the g factors of the 41+ states. Isotopically enriched Te targets were excited by 198-205 MeV 58Ni beams. A comparison of transition strengths obtained is made to large-scale shell-model calculations with successes and limitations discussed.
„Ein Unglück kommt selten allein …“
Authors: Schuh S. , Welzel J.
Published: April 2020

Die nichtinvasiven Geräte wie die optische Kohärenztomografie (OCT) und die konfokale Lasermikroskopie (KLM) sind bei der Diagnostik und Therapieauswahl vieler Erkrankungen z. B. von nichtmelanozytärem Hautkrebs sehr hilfreich. Ihr Einsatz eignet sich insbesondere dann, wenn differenzialdiagnostisch mehrere Diagnosen infrage kommen, die eine die andere Erkrankung verschleiert oder ein tieferer nichtinvasiver Blick in die Haut nötig wird.

Wir berichten über den Fall einer 89-jährigen Patientin mit Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom (SJS) nach Einnahme von Allopurinol aufgrund von Hyperurikämie und Gicht. Mit der OCT und KLM können erstmals die Charakteristika beider gemeinsam vorliegender Erkrankungen in vivo dargestellt werden.
Digitale Medien in der Psychotherapie – Neue Ansätze und Perspektiven in der Behandlung von Traumafolgestörungen
Authors: Kessler Henrik , Dangellia Luisa , Herpertz Stephan , Kehyayan Aram
Published: April 2020

Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick in neue Ansätze und Perspektiven bei der Behandlung von Traumafolgestörungen unter Einsatz digitaler Medien. Ausgangslage ist die unzureichende flächendeckende Versorgung bei Traumafolgestörungen und die Suche nach neuen, spezifischen Behandlungsstrategien. Zunächst werden exemplarisch digitale Ansätze vorgestellt, die bekannte analoge Therapien zur Grundlage haben und zu deren Verbreitung und Ökonomisierung beitragen. Der Fokus liegt jedoch auf digitalen Therapien, die neue – z. B. aus der Kognitionswissenschaft entwickelte – Ansätze zur gezielten Arbeit an Symptomen erstmals nach deren Entwicklung in Grundlagenstudien auch an klinischen Populationen anwenden. Beispiele hierfür sind visuospatiale Interventionen zur Reduktion von Intrusionen und Trainings zur Verbesserung der Interferenzkontrolle (um traumabezogene Stimuli zu kontrollieren) oder zur Veränderung automatischer dysfunktionaler Kognitionen. Diese werden mit dem theoretischen Hintergrund und ersten (z.T. klinischen) Studien näher dargestellt, welche bereits vielversprechende Ergebnisse bezüglich Akzeptanz, Anwendbarkeit und Effektivität zeigen.
Hypokalemia and the Prevalence of Primary
Aldosteronism
Authors: Gruber Sven , Beuschlein Felix
Published: April 2020

Hypokalemia is closely linked with the pathophysiology of primary
aldosteronism (PA). Although hypokalemic PA is less common than the
normokalemic course of the disease, hypokalemia is of particular importance
for the manifestation and development of comorbidities. Specifically, a
growing body of evidence demonstrates that hypokalemia in PA patients is
associated with a more severe disease course regarding cardiovascular and
metabolic morbidity and mortality. It is also well appreciated that low
potassium levels per se can promote or exacerbate hypertension. The spectrum
of hypokalemia-related symptoms ranges from asymptomatic courses to
life-threatening conditions. Hypokalemia is found in 9–37%
of all cases of PA with a predominance in patients with aldosterone
producing adenoma. Conversely, hypokalemia resolves in almost 100%
of cases after both, specific medical or surgical treatment of the disease.
However, to date, high-level evidence about the prevalence of primary
aldosteronism in a hypokalemic population is missing. Epidemiological data
are expected from the recently launched IPAHK+study
(“Incidence of Primary Aldosteronism in Patients with
Hypokalemia”).
Brain Abscess and Esophageal Dilatation: Where is the Link? - Case Report
Authors: Welling Leonardo C. , Feltrin Fabricio Stewan , Welling Mariana S. , Brino João Afonso Caldeira , Zyto Victor Feferbaum , Figueiredo Eberval G.
Published: April 2020

Introduction Caustic substance ingestion is a common cause of esophageal stricture in children. The primary treatment is esophageal dilatation. Although it is known that endoscopic esophageal dilatation is a procedure associated with a high rate of bacteremia, current guidelines do not recommend routine throat swab cultures or antibiotic prophylaxis for the general children population.

Case Report We describe a case of a 7-year-old boy presenting with refractory headaches who was diagnosed with cranial abscess after multiple esophageal dilatations due to stenosis caused by caustic soda ingestion. The patient was subjected to neurosurgical intervention and intravenous antibiotic treatment for 6 weeks. Streptococcus viridans culture was positive in purulent abscess content.

Conclusion We highlight this condition that, although rare, needs immediate diagnosis and proper treatment. We also recommend routine testing of throat swabs and antibiotics prophylaxis to children undergoing esophageal dilatation.
Neurosurgery for Refractory Schizophrenia: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Almeida Bruna Veronese , Aquino Isadora Profírio , Silva Ledismar José
Published: April 2020

Schizophrenia is a chronic and disabling psychiatric disease that can be refractory to conventional treatment. The present study aims to gather information about the circuitry related to schizophrenia to describe possible surgical targets, and to establish whether psychosurgery can be a safe and effective treatment option for refractory schizophrenia. A systematic review of the literature was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. An electronic search was performed in the Pubmed and BVSalud databases using medical subject headings (MeSH) combined with Boolean operators. Out of the 724 studies retrieved, 13 were included in the review. Regarding leucotomy without a stereotactic approach, we found side effects such as irritability, nervous excitement, cases of disinhibition, and compromised normal social control. In other stereotactic procedures, there was some improvement, mainly regarding aggressiveness and positive symptoms; an anterior capsulotomy had an efficacy rate of 74% according to the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) rating scales. The only deep brain stimulation (DBS) case report found in our study described a significant improvement in the positive and negative symptoms. The use of a stereotactic approach enables psychosurgery to be a safe and effective treatment option in cases of refractory schizophrenia, improving the quality of life and the symptoms. Cognitive and negative symptoms remain a challenge in the treatment of schizophrenia, revealing that more targets in the circuitry must be surgically explored. Furthermore, more clinical trials are needed to compare these many surgical techniques and targets, using a standard evaluation parameter. The results show that DBS has a promising future in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia.