bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Myocardial Fibrosis Detected by CMR in Patients With Idiopathic PVCs
Authors: Ailoaei Ștefan , Șorodoc Laurențiu , Ureche Carina , Sîtari Nicolae , Sandu Gabriel , Ceasovschih Alexandr , Grecu Mihaela , Sascău Radu Andy , Stătescu Cristian
Published: November 2024

Background

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are a frequent electrocardiographic finding in routine medical practice, and 16% of the patients with idiopathic PVCs may have underlying heart disease.

Objective

We analyzed the correlation between the morphology of the PVCs and the myocardial scarring identified by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), together with the impact of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on the need for ablation.

Methods

Ninety‐four patients (median age 56 years) with frequent PVCs (> 500 PVCs on 24 h) and a structurally normal heart were referred for comprehensive CMR. The patients were followed for 12 months. Patients were referred for ablation if they were symptomatic in the context of frequent PVCs.

Results

The prevalence of LGE identified by CMR was higher among males (OR 5.506 (2.092–14.49) p < 0.05), with an age ≥ 50 years (OR 1.047 (1.015–1.08), p < 0.05) and a higher PVC burden (OR 1.922 (1.723–1.976), p < 0.05). Additionally, patients with PVCs with a LBBB inferior axis had four times higher risk of exhibiting LGE (OR 4.09 (1.584–10.565), p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.059 (1.019–1.099), p < 0.05) and a LBBB inferior axis (OR 4.605 (1.472–14.404), p < 0.05) were independently associated with the presence of LGE.

Conclusion

Patients with PVCs and apparently, structurally normal heart present myocardial scarring identified by CMR in 71.23% of cases. PVCs with LBBB inferior axis pattern, age ≥ 50 years and male sex are associated with the presence of LGE on CMR. In multivariate analysis, age and LBBB inferior axis were independently correlated with the presence of LGE.
S1P/S1PRs‐TRPV4 axis is a novel therapeutic target for persistent pain and itch in chronic dermatitis
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Zhou Yuan , Wang Changming , Ren Jiahui , Wang Yin , Liu Pei , Feng Weimeng , Li Xue , Qi Mingxin , Yang Yan , Zhu Chan , Wang Fang , Ma Yuxiang , Tang Zongxiang , Yu Guang
Published: November 2024

Background and Purpose

While pain and itch are both commonly associated with chronic dermatitis (CD), the molecular mechanisms underlying these debilitating symptoms is not well understood. This study aims to identify novel, endogenous compounds that mediate CD‐associated pain and itch.

Experimental Approach

Lesional skin of CD model mice was examined using unbiased metabolomic analysis to identify candidate pain or itch inducing compounds in CD. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) concentration in CD model skin was analysed using UPLC/MS/MS. Behaviour, calcium imaging and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine the pain and itch effects and mechanisms of the identified CD‐related compounds.

Key Results

In the lesional skin of CD model mice, 136 compounds were significantly changed. These compounds are predominately associated with the sphingolipids metabolism pathway. S1P is significantly increased in the lesional skin . The TRPV4 channel was critical for S1P induced itch and pain. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2), the key enzyme controlling S1P synthesis, was significantly increased in lesional skin. ABC294640, a SPHK2 inhibitor, significantly decreased S1P concentration in lesional CD model skin, as well as in model associated epidermal hyperplasia and chronic pain and itch. In CD patients, SPHK2 expression and S1P concentration were significantly elevated compared to healthy control skin.

Conclusion and Implications

Our results indicate that, in CD, increased S1P induces chronic pain and itch partly through TRPV4. Inhibition of S1P synthesis or the S1P/S1P receptor‐TRPV4 pathway are promising treatment strategies for CD‐associated pain and itch.
S100A8 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer metastasis
Authors: Deguchi Atsuko , Maru Yoshiro
Published: November 2024

Metastasis is a major cause of cancer‐related deaths. Similar to the tumor microenvironment formation, the premetastatic niche develops in distant organs before the arrival of tumor cells. Elucidating the mechanism(s) underlying premetastatic niche formation could contribute to the establishment of effective therapeutic targets for metastasis. Our research indicates that primary tumors hijack Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling to establish a premetastatic niche in the lungs by utilizing an endogenous ligand S100A8. S100A8 is expressed not only in immune cells but also in various types of tumor cells. By focusing on S100A8 as a therapeutic target, we identified at least three multivalent S100A8 inhibitory peptides. Here, we review the tumor‐promoting role of S100A8‐mediated TLR4 signaling and propose S100A8 as a potential therapeutic target for aggressive cancer.
Non‐alkylating agents‐induced gonadotoxicity in pre‐pubertal males: Insights on the clinical and pre‐clinical front
Authors: Sriram Sruthi , Macedo Tiago , Mavinkurve‐Groothuis Annelies , van de Wetering Marianne , Looijenga Leendert H. J.
Published: November 2024

Whilst chemotherapy regimens have proven to be more successful for pediatric cancer patients over the years, their influence on long‐term side effects is relatively poorly understood. One of the possible targets is the gonads, with gonadotoxic agents representing those that threaten the patient's ability to have children post surviving the primary disease treatment. Many risk stratification guidelines have categorized these agents based on the severity of their effect on the pre‐pubertal testis. While the consensus is that those agents factored with a cyclophosphamide equivalent dosage pose the highest threat to fertility (e.g. alkylating agents), other agents might still contribute to a reduced testis function; especially in the case of combination therapies. Besides, it is important to note that studies deciphering the effect of other non‐alkylating agents on the pre‐pubertal testis lack standardized conclusions for clinically relevant outcomes. This makes it imperative to ensure the knowledge gap is addressed between the clinic and pre‐clinic to understand potential gonadotoxic effects, ultimately leading to improved patient care. Therefore, this review will summarize the key findings in understanding the gonadotoxic effects of the most commonly researched non‐alkylating agents: vincristine, etoposide, doxorubicin, and imatinib on the pre‐pubertal testis.
S2k guideline basal cell carcinoma of the skin (update 2023)
Authors: Lang Berenice M. , Balermpas Panagiotis , Bauer Andrea , Blum Andreas , Dirschka Thomas , Follmann Markus , Frank Jorge , Frerich Bernhard , Fritz Klaus , Hauschild Axel , Heindl Ludwig M. , Howaldt Hans‐Peter , Ihrler Stephan , Kakkassery Vinodh , Klumpp Bernhard , Krause‐Bergmann Albrecht , Löser Christoph , Meissner Markus , Sachse Michael M. , Schlaak Max , Schön Michael P. , Tischendorf Lutz , Tronnier Michael , Vordermark Dirk , Welzel Julia , Weichenthal Michael , Wiegand Susanne , Kaufmann Roland , Grabbe Stephan
Published: November 2024

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in the fair‐skinned population and its incidence continues to rise. An update of the S2k guideline with the participation of all specialist societies familiar with the clinical picture and previous literature research is of great importance for the quality of care for affected patients. In addition to epidemiology, diagnostics and histology are discussed. After risk stratification, therapy is divided into topical, systemic and radiation therapy. Surgical removal remains the treatment of first choice in most cases. The approval of anti‐PD1 inhibitors for locally advanced and metastatic tumors has opened up a new option in second‐line therapy (after hedgehog inhibitors).
Association of ‘weekend warrior’ and other leisure time physical activity patterns with obesity and adiposity: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hui Stanley Sai‐chuen , Chin Edwin Chun‐yip , Chan Jacky Ka Wai , Chan Ben Ping‐Shing , Wan James Ho‐pong , Wong Sam Wing‐Sum
Published: November 2024

Aim

To investigate the effect of different physical activity patterns on obesity.

Materials and methods

Data from adults aged 17–79 years were extracted from the Hong Kong Territory‐Wide Physical Fitness Survey conducted in 2011–2012 and 2021–2022. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) patterns were collected through questionnaires and categorized as inactive (no MVPA ≥10 min), insufficiently active (<150 min MVPA/week), weekend warriors (≥150 min MVPA/week from 1 to 2 days) and regularly active (≥150 min MVPA/week from ≥3 days). The association between these activity patterns with obesity risk and body fat percentage was analysed.

Results

This study included 9863 obesity data (including valid waist circumference and body mass index) and 7496 body fat data. Compared with the inactive group, the weekend warriors and regularly active individuals had lower risks of general and abdominal obesity, as well as reduced body fat. Furthermore, individuals who were insufficiently active but engaged in ≥3 days of MVPA showed significantly lower body fat and obesity risk than their inactive counterparts.

Conclusion

Engaging in physical activity even once or twice a week can positively impact weight control.
Exploring the Behavioural Mechanism of College Students' Participation in Academic Competition: A Structural Equation Model Approach
Authors: Fu Xinjian , Li Yingxiang
Published: November 2024

University student academic competitions can test students' learning outcomes, improve their academic performance and stimulate their interest in learning. Exploring the behavioural mechanisms influencing students' academic competition is quite important, but there is currently little research on this topic. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature. We collected data from 460 university students during the fall semester of the 2023–2024 academic year and conducted a path analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM) to explore these behavioural mechanisms. The study found that external support, perceived value and institutional trust are significantly positively correlated with competition behaviour. However, the relationship between perceived usefulness and competition behaviour is not significant. Institutional trust plays a partial mediating role in the effects of external support, perceived usefulness and perceived value on competition behaviour. Therefore, the factors that affect college students' competitive behaviour include internal and external factors. The contribution of this research is to provide empirical evidence and explain what factors may affect competition behaviour.
Outside School ICT Use for Learning and Science Performance: The Mediating Role of Motivation and Epistemological Beliefs
Authors: Xiong Feng , Nie Youyan , Bai Barry , Lee Ai Noi
Published: November 2024

This study utilised 2015 PISA data from the United Kingdom and Hong Kong to examine the relations between outside school ICT use for learning and science performance through a mediation model. The results uncovered three key findings: Firstly, ICT use for learning exhibited negative total effects on science performance in the United Kingdom, whereas the effects were non‐significant in Hong Kong. Secondly, ICT use for learning consistently showed positive indirect effects on science performance through the mediation of self‐efficacy, enjoyment and interest. However, no indirect effects were observed through utility value in either of the sampled countries/regions. Notably, ICT use for learning showed positive indirect effects through the mediation of epistemological beliefs in Hong Kong but not in the United Kingdom. Thirdly, ICT use for learning displayed negative unexplained (i.e., direct) effects on science performance, suggesting that potentially negative mediators have not been fully identified. Future research shall focus on exploring potential mediations that may cause negative indirect effects to develop more targeted interventions.
Teacher Isolation: Investigations, Conceptualisations and Future Directions
Authors: Alonzo Dennis , Pelobillo Giovanni , Oo Cherry Zin , Lim Rex , Asih Ria , Ibale Rygin March
Published: November 2024

This article provides a knowledge base on how teacher isolation was investigated, conceptualised and reported in the literature. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses, we extracted 23 relevant articles. Our analysis shows that 53 discrete elements, clustered into six dimensions, contribute to teacher isolation. In addition, two broad categories of strategies are implemented to support isolated teachers: school leader‐led and teacher‐led strategies. Furthermore, we have noted that the exploration of this construct is relatively limited in terms of research locale, aims and purpose. Our findings provide a more coherent conceptualisation of the construct. The multidimensionality of teacher isolation offers a better framework for understanding it and presents critical implications for practice and future research.
Modern Chinese and European Vocalist Training Methods: An Exploration of the Involvement of Bachelors With the Help of IT’ Sources
Authors: Wu Hao
Published: November 2024

In this day and age, there is a need to create a modernised educational system, as well as to preserve and popularise the classical traditions of high art. Thus, it is important to study the problem of shaping professional academic singers in Europe and China. The purpose of this study was to explore the methods of developing the vocal apparatus of European and Chinese students in 21st century. This system includes a series of leading components responsible for preserving unique timbres, expanding the capabilities of the voice, and the reflection of Western and Eastern cultures. The following methods were used in the study: questionnaire, analysis, comparison and synthesis. The study involved 100 students from institutions and universities in Ukraine and China. Having studied modern methods of training singers, the authors have established the components of professional vocal education in China and Ukraine, as well as the common student training characteristics. The distinctive properties of the European and Chinese professional vocal schools manifested in national traditions were also determined. The results of the conducted student survey allowed academic vocal teachers to identify progressive vocal training methods commonly used in China and Europe.
Inequities in neurological care: Access to services, care gaps, and other barriers—A systematic review
Authors: Fornari Arianna , Lanza Martina , Guastafierro Erika , Marcassoli Alessia , Sismondo Pietro , Curatoli Chiara , Raggi Alberto , Leonardi Matilde
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose

Health disparities and inequities are an important and too long overlooked public health concern worldwide. These differences in health and health care can affect people with any disease, including neurological disorders. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an updated overview of the main health inequities faced by neurological patients worldwide, to plan valuable interventions.

Methods

Main databases were searched systematically. Quality was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. This review followed the standard guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses.

Results

A total of 1797 studies were obtained, of which 49 studies were included in the final round and subjected to quality appraisal. Quality assessment yielded scores ranging from 20% to 100%. The results were divided based on the nature of inequities: (i) socioeconomic disadvantage (n = 25); and (ii) access to care, treatment, and services inequities (n = 24). Most studies were conducted in high income counties (n = 46, 93.8%) and reported health inequities in persons with cerebrovascular diseases, especially stroke (n = 20, 40.8%), followed by multiple sclerosis (n = 8, 16.3%) and neurodegenerative disorders (n = 6, 12.2%).

Conclusions

Racial and ethnic discrimination, economic issues, differences in disease management, educational level, and place of residence are the main inequities reported by neurological patients. The USA dominates the research panorama (n = 36, 73.4%), highlighting the need for more studies that cover other geopolitical contexts. Improving population health means improving health for everyone; however, historically disadvantaged groups continue to trail dramatically behind, and actions are needed to reduce the inequities.
An Ontology for In‐Depth Description of User Situations in Connected Environments
Authors: Bou‐Chaaya Karam , Chbeir Richard , Barhamgi Mahmoud , Arnould Philippe , Djamal Benslimane
Published: November 2024

Context‐awareness is increasingly recognised as a fundamental principle in the development of ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence. By leveraging contextual data about users and their environments, systems can gain a deeper understanding of the evolving user situation. This empowers them to dynamically adapt their operations, leading to optimised resource utilisation, enhanced decision‐making, and ultimately, greater user satisfaction. However, a critical challenge lies in effectively representing user situations with a high degree of expressiveness. While ontology‐based data models have emerged as a promising approach due to their ability to handle the inherent heterogeneity of context information, existing ontologies have limitations in terms of information coverage, data heterogeneity and uncertainties consideration, and reusability across various application domains. This paper addresses these limitations by proposing uCSN, an ontology that builds upon and extends the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV), Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) and W3C Uncertainty ontologies, to provide a rich and expressive vocabulary for representing diverse user situations. We evaluate uCSN based on its consistency, accuracy, clarity and performance.
Family communication patterns and networking behavior: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Jia Shuang , Zhang Chunqian
Published: November 2024

Objective

Drawing on family communication patterns theory, introducing psychological capital and liking of school, this study explores the effect of family communication patterns on university student networking behavior.

Background

Individuals can establish, maintain, and develop social networks through a series of proactive networking behaviors, effectively leveraging their position within these social networks. In terms of resource acquisition, the utility of networking behaviors is not inferior to an individual's social network position. Therefore, networking behaviors have received extensive attention from scholars, but research on networking behaviors of college students on campus is limited.

Method

Multiwave data were collected from 191 Chinese university students. Path analysis and bootstrapping methods were used to analyze data.

Results and Conclusion

We found that conversation orientation positively related to psychological capital. Psychological capital is positively related to networking behavior and mediates the effect of conversation orientation on networking behavior. Furthermore, liking of school moderates the effect of psychological capital on networking behavior and the indirect effect of conversation orientation on networking behavior through psychological capital, whereby the two effects are stronger when liking of school is high.

Implications

The conclusion expands the research on family communication patterns and networking behavior on campus and provides practical enlightenment for parents and universities to improve college students' networking behavior on campus.
Experimental Study on Reloading Creep Characteristics of Marble After Unloading–Freezing–Thawing Damage
Authors: Wang Lehua , Wang Xiaoping , Xu Xiaoliang , Qin Shifu , Fu Yintao
Published: November 2024

The reloading characteristics of slope projects such as water conservancy and hydropower in cold regions after excavation and unloading are the key to the long‐term stability problem of bank slopes in reservoirs. After pre‐peak unloading and freeze–thaw, uniaxial gradient loading creep test was carried out with marble, and the unloading creep mechanical behavior of marble under different temperature ranges and different numbers of freeze–thaw cycles was studied. The results show that the temperature range of freeze–thaw and the number of cycles control the reduction of creep damage stress and long‐term strength as well as the increasing trend of creep strain of marble, and the time‐mechanical response of unloaded marble under the action of freeze–thaw with large temperature difference is more obvious. Based on the traditional Burgers model, a non‐constant Burgers model considering freeze–thaw damage was proposed, and the applicability and rationality of the model were verified.
Frailty as a predictor of mortality in the oldest old: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tan Justina Angel , Koh Jin Hean , Merchant Reshma Aziz , Tan Li Feng
Published: November 2024

Aim

Frailty is highly prevalent in old age and is associated with a high risk of mortality. Few studies have evaluated frailty as a predictor of mortality in the oldest old. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to determine the mortality risk associated with frailty in this age group.

Methods

An electronic systemic literature search was performed in May 2023 on three databases (Medline/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) for studies investigating the risk of mortality with frailty. A meta‐analysis was done to calculate pooled mortality estimates.

Results

Frail participants had significantly lower overall survival (OS) compared with non‐frail participants (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32 to 2.50; P < 0.01, I2 = 100%; risk ratio [RR]: 4.15; 95% CI: 2.50 to 6.88; P < 0.01, I2 = 97%). Among participants aged 90 and above, a higher percentage of male participants was associated with poorer OS in frail participants. While the pooled association of frailty with OS remained significant across studies in participants aged less than 90 years old (HR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.55 to 2.82; I2 = 75%), frailty was not significantly associated with OS in studies for participants aged 90 and above. The pooled association of frailty with OS was only significant for the Fried Frailty Phenotype (HR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.05 to 7.12; I2 = 93%) and not for the Frailty Index. The pooled association also remained significant among studies that adjusted for age (HR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.50 to 2.02; I2 = 0%) and sex (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.48 to 2.11; I2 = 94%) as a covariate.

Conclusions

Frailty was significantly associated with a poorer OS in participants below the age of 90. This association was not statistically significant in those older than 90 years, with sex‐differentiated effects observed. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 102–107.
The effects of warm thermal variability on metabolism and swimming performance in wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Andrew Sean , Currie Suzanne , Morash Andrea Jane
Published: November 2024

Warmer and more variable temperatures have been implicated in the recent decline of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Eastern Canada. To date, we know little on how ecologically relevant thermal fluctuations affect swimming performance in fishes. The goal of this study is to determine the effects of warm versus cool diel thermal variability on swimming efficiency and the speed limit for sustainable aerobically fueled swimming. We acclimated wild S. salar juveniles to a cool and a warm ecologically realistic diel thermal profile (16–21 and 19–24°C), and then tested individuals over a common acute change in temperature (16–24°C). We measured metabolic rate and swimming kinematics at a range of swimming speeds, at five temperatures (16, 18, 20, 22, and 24°C) and calculated swimming efficiency. Our temperature acclimation did not appear to significantly affect energetic and kinematic swimming efficiency, but acute exposure to high temperature did increase overall metabolic rate. It appears that wild S. salar can swim efficiently and sustainably during both acute cool and warm exposures, and after acclimation to diel thermal variation of 16–21 or 19–24°C.
Ten‐day versus 14‐day vonoprazan‐amoxicillin high‐dose dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in China: A multicenter, open‐label, randomized study
Authors: Lin Aiping , Lin Zhihui , Liu Yijuan , Chen Shuo , Shao Yanfeng , Qiu Feng , Xiao Zhongqin , Xu Zhangkun , Chen Longqun , Chen Lianghuo , Lin Weixing , Wang Yongfu , Huang Zhonghua , Lin Zhenqun , Huang Xueping
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim

Only a few studies have investigated the efficacy and safety of different durations of vonoprazan and amoxicillin (VA) high‐dose dual therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of 10 days versus 14 days of VA high‐dose dual therapy for H. pylori eradication.

Methods

This study was conducted in 14 centers in China. A total of 250 patients infected with H. pylori were randomly assigned to Group VA‐10 or VA‐14. Both groups received the VA dual therapy (vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily + amoxicillin 1000 mg three times daily). The primary endpoint was the H. pylori eradication rate. Secondary endpoints included adverse events and patient compliance.

Results

Group VA‐10 achieved eradication rates of 89.60%, 91.06%, and 91.67% as determined by the intention‐to‐treat (ITT), modified intention‐to‐treat (MITT), and per‐protocol (PP) analysis, respectively. The eradication rates were similar to those in Group VA‐14: 91.20%, 93.44%, and 93.39%. The difference and 90% confidence interval boundary −1.60% (−7.73% to 4.53%) in the ITT analysis, −2.39% (−8.00% to 3.23%) in the MITT analysis, and −1.72% (−7.29% to 3.85%) in the PP analysis were greater than the predefined noninferiority margin of −10%, establishing a noninferiority of Group VA‐10 versus Group VA‐14 (noninferiority P = 0.001 in ITT analysis, P < 0.001 in MITT analysis, and P < 0.001 in PP analysis, respectively). No significant differences were observed in adverse events between the two groups.

Conclusions

Ten‐day VA dual therapy achieves comparable efficacy and safety to the 14‐day regimen in Chinese population, providing patients with greater convenience and economic benefits.
Relationship between maternal egg consumption during lactation and the risk of developing egg allergies in 12‐month‐old infants: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Kishino Sakurako , Yonezawa Kaori , Haruna Megumi , Usui Yuriko , Sasaki Satoshi , Fujita Megumi , Matsuzaki Masayo , Sato Yoko , Suetsugu Yoshiko , Ohori Riko , Tanaka Moeko , Aoyama Satoko
Published: November 2024

Aim

To determine the effect of maternal egg consumption during lactation on the development of egg allergies in 12‐month‐old infants. We hypothesized that infants whose mothers consume larger amounts of eggs during the early lactation period acquire oral immune tolerance and are less likely to develop egg allergies at 12 months.

Methods

This study was a part of the Japan Pregnancy Eating and Activity Cohort Study. Mothers answered questionnaires on egg consumption, breastfeeding rates at 1 month, infants' eczema at 6 months, and the development of egg allergies among infants at 12 months. In order to assess the actual impact of maternal egg consumption on infants' egg allergy development, breastfeeding‐dependent egg consumption was calculated at 1 month by multiplying maternal egg consumption at 1 month with the breastfeeding rates at the same time. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the potential risk and protective factors.

Results

Data from 420 infants were analyzed, of whom 27 had egg allergies at 12 months. No significant impact of breastfeeding‐dependent egg consumption was observed on infants' egg allergy development at 12 months. However, infants with eczema at 6 months showed a greater risk of developing an egg allergy at 12 months (adjusted odds ratio, 3.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–8.13).

Conclusion

The results suggest that breastfeeding‐dependent egg consumption at 1 month did not contribute to sufficient oral immune tolerance in 12‐month‐old infants. Eczema at 6 months significantly impacted the development of an egg allergy, emphasizing the importance of preventing cutaneous exposure to egg allergens.
The Transformative Potential of AI in Ultrasound for Facial Aesthetics
Authors: Haykal Diala , Cartier Hugues , Yi Kyuho , Wortsman Ximena
Published: November 2024

Background

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and ultrasound (US) technology is reshaping facial aesthetics, providing enhanced diagnostic precision, procedural safety, and personalized patient care. The variability in US imaging, stemming from patient anatomy, operator skills, and equipment diversity, poses challenges in achieving consistent and accurate outcomes. AI addresses these limitations by standardizing imaging protocols, automating image analysis, and supporting real‐time decision‐making.

Objective

To explore the applications of AI‐enhanced US in facial aesthetics, focusing on its potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, procedural safety, and personalized treatments while identifying future prospects and challenges.

Methods

A comprehensive review of current literature and advancements was conducted, examining the integration of AI with US in facial aesthetics. Key areas of focus included AI algorithms for image enhancement, real‐time guidance during procedures, postprocedure assessment, personalized treatment planning, and workflow optimization.

Results

AI‐enhanced US significantly improved diagnostic accuracy by automating the identification of critical anatomical structures and reducing operator variability. Real‐time guidance during procedures enhanced safety, reducing complications such as vascular occlusion and nerve damage. Postprocedure assessments facilitated early detection of complications and improved patient outcomes. Personalized treatment plans tailored to individual anatomy and clinical needs resulted in higher patient satisfaction. Additionally, AI optimized workflow efficiency through seamless integration with electronic health records and advanced training simulators.

Conclusion

The integration of AI and US technology represents a transformative advancement in facial aesthetics. By enhancing precision, safety, and personalization, AI‐powered US sets new benchmarks in diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. Despite challenges related to data diversity, ethical considerations, and training, this synergy holds immense potential to revolutionize the field, offering improved outcomes and satisfaction for practitioners and patients alike. Further research and innovation are essential to fully realize the benefits of this technology.
Unraveling depressive symptom networks: A three‐year longitudinal study among Chinese junior high school adolescents
Authors: Zhao Yue , Liang Kaixin , Qu Diyang , He Yunhan , Ren Yizhen , Chi Xinli
Published: November 2024

Adolescence is the peak period for the occurrence of mental health issues, particularly in the stage of junior high school. Depressive symptoms are among the most frequently experienced psychological problems. However, little is known about the symptom‐level interaction features of depressive symptoms and the roles of different symptoms across the junior high school stage. To address these gaps, this study conducted a three‐year longitudinal study that recruited 1301 Chinese junior high school adolescents (48.2% females; mean age = 12.46 ± 0.62, ranging from 11 to 14 in the first year). The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. The regularized partial correlation network and the cross‐lagged panel network models were used to explore the symptom‐level interaction pattern. In regularized partial correlation networks, “I felt depressed” was a stable central symptom throughout the junior high school stage. Besides, “I felt lonely” and “I felt that people disliked me” were the other central symptoms in grade 7 and grade 8, and “I felt everything I did was an effort” played a central role in grade 9. Within cross‐lagged panel networks, “I felt that people disliked me” and “I felt hopeless about the future” had important effects on predicting other depressive symptoms from grade 7 to 8 and from grade 8 to 9. By investigating the longitudinal interaction patterns of depressive symptoms among junior high school adolescents, the current study identifies core symptoms that could be potential prevention or intervention targets and provides a novel insight for understanding depressive symptoms during adolescence in depth.
How preschool education perpetuates social inequality: An ethnographic study of the practical conditions of symbolic violence
Authors: Croizet Jean‐Claude , Millet Mathias
Published: November 2024

This article presents an ethnographic study conducted in French pre‐kindergarten and kindergarten classrooms, investigating how education establishes and reinforces relations of sociocultural dominance. Building on Bourdieu and Passeron's concept of symbolic violence, we seek to uncover the mechanisms through which school socialization encourages the acceptance of the hierarchies it generates. The data suggest that this persuasion relies on set of interrelated processes: Schools organize the unequal profitability of family cultural practices and knowledge, obscure the realities of learning, and foster a meritocratic myth that naturalizes these inequalities. Moreover, children actively participate in their own subordination without realizing it. By documenting these processes, the study provides critical insights into how everyday schooling practices not only perpetuate social inequalities but also shape early on the idea that students form of themselves as both students and individuals and intensify concerns about self‐worth.
A sensitive and reliable method for the quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide produced by microalgae cells
Authors: Hejna Monika , Kapuścińska Dominika , Aksmann Anna
Published: November 2024

One of the reactive forms of oxygen is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which has been investigated as a key component of growth processes and stress responses. Different methods for the determination of H2O2 production by animal and bacterial cells exist; however, its detection in algal cell cultures is more complicated due to the presence of photosynthetic pigments in the cells and the complex structure of cell walls. Considering these issues, a reliable, quick, and simple method for H2O2 detection is needed in phycological research. The aim of this methodological study was to optimize an Amplex UltraRed method for the fluorometric detection of H2O2 produced by microalgae cells, using a wild‐type strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model. The results showed that (i) potassium phosphate is the most suitable reaction buffer for this method, (ii) a 560 nm wavelength variant is the most appropriate as the excitation wavelength for fluorescence spectra measurement, (iii) a 50:50 ratio for the reaction mixture to sample was the most suitable, (iv) the fluorescence signal was significantly influenced by the density of the microalgae biomass, and (v) sample fortification with H2O2 allowed for an increase of the method's reliability and repeatability. The proposed protocol of the Amplex UltraRed method for the fluorometric detection of H2O2 produced by microalgae cells can yield a sensitive and accurate determination of the content of the test compound, minimizing measurement errors, eliminating chlorophyll autofluorescence problem, and compensating for the matrix effect. This method can be applied to the study of other microalgae species.
Subarctic sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima, Phaeophyceae) summer productivity and contribution to carbon budgets
Authors: Roy Stéphanie , Nozais Christian , Johnson Ladd E. , Noisette Fanny
Published: November 2024

Kelp forests are known to be very productive ecosystems and constitute a central component of the marine carbon cycle in coastal areas. Nevertheless, crucial carbon‐related data are missing to be able to include them properly in carbon budgets. A thorough understanding of the kelp contribution to the carbon cycle is especially important in regions prone to experiencing strong seasonal fluctuations in environmental conditions, such as subarctic regions. This study aimed to quantify primary productivity through growth rates and oxygen fluxes of a dominant kelp species in subarctic regions, Saccharina latissima, and to link oxygen fluxes to environmental parameters. Our results showed that strong primary productivity oxygen fluxes coincided with high light levels in July and most of August, while growth rates stayed similar all summer. An overall decline in all primary productivity proxies happened from late August, suggesting a seasonal slowing down of S. latissima metabolism. The estimated quantity of carbon stored in tissue during growth represented from 6% to 28% of the gross primary productivity. Further research is needed to explore how and how much carbon transits through living kelp tissue in different seasons, to better understand the contribution of subarctic kelp to coastal carbon budgets.
Demographic Change and Social Cohesion In Post‐Islamic State Iraq
Authors: Ali Omran Omer , Mohammed Nazar Ameen , Broeckerhoff Aurélie
Published: November 2024

Between 2014 and 2017, the Islamic State (ISIS) brutally ruled over a population of eight million in Iraq and Syria. The group systematically persecuted and murdered tens of thousands of people of minoritized ethnicities and destroyed their houses and heritage, schools and hospitals, resulting in the displacement of an estimated three to five million people. In this article, we analyze the ongoing impact of the ISIS occupation on social cohesion in Iraq. Our report is based on interviews conducted with community representatives in the Nineveh Plains of the country's northwest. We focus on the dynamics of displacement and return in historically Christian, Assyrian‐majority areas during and since the occupation. Our findings show that people's everyday experiences and senses of community in Nineveh are intertwined with adjusting to the recent population changes, which have redrawn ethnic minority/majority relations. The research illustrates that demographic change—which we define as shifts in ethnic composition—is a relevant consideration for policies that seek to foster social cohesion in post‐ISIS Iraq. More broadly, the article highlights how post‐conflict policy making benefits from research conducted directly with conflict‐affected populations, as it reflects communities’ experiences.
High school athletes' practical knowledge on where to find and order third‐party tested nutritional supplements increases after education when compared to a control group
Authors: Dow Emily , Schott Kinta D. , Morton Lindsay , Lybbert Hannah , Nam Kahyun , Shumate Colin , Kulinna Pamela , Wardenaar Floris C.
Published: November 2024

To promote safe supplement use, athletes are advised to choose third‐party tested (TPT) supplements to minimise doping risk. This study evaluated changes in knowledge on supplements in US high school athletes from a 2‐week online supplement education programme. One group of sophomores (ED, n = 48) completed a Canvas course on safe supplement use, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, while the other group of freshmen (NOED, n = 38) did not. Participants completed questionnaires pre‐ and post‐intervention to assess practical knowledge of finding and ordering TPT supplements, familiarity with World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) banned substances and decision‐making in supplement purchasing. Chi‐Square and McNemar tests were applied with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Pre‐intervention no differences were found between groups (ages 14–17 years, 39.5% female) for any knowledge questions (p = 0.18). Post‐intervention, ED participants were more likely to know where to find (58.3% vs. 39.5%, p = 0.041), and order (62.5% vs. 28.9%, p = 0.001) TPT supplements, and more athletes in ED (72.9%) than NOED (40.0%) reported deciding to purchase supplements themselves (p = 0.015). Parents were less influential in ED (75.0% vs. 92.1%, p = 0.019). Importantly, positive changes over time were larger for ED versus NOED in knowing where to find (28% vs. 13%, p = 0.04) and order (28% vs. 7%, p < 0.001) TPT supplements and WADA familiarity (19% vs. 5%, p = 0.01). Within‐group changes showed ED improved on all practical knowledge questions (p = <0.001–0.008), whereas NOED only increased in knowing where to find TPT supplements (p = 0.003). These findings suggest an online educational programme may enhance practical knowledge of safe supplement use among high school athletes.
Patterns of presence–absence variation of NLRs across populations of Solanum chilense are clade‐dependent and mainly shaped by past demographic history
Authors: Silva‐Arias Gustavo A. , Gagnon Edeline , Hembrom Surya , Fastner Alexander , Khan Muhammad Ramzan , Stam Remco , Tellier Aurélien
Published: November 2024

Understanding the evolution of pathogen resistance genes (nucleotide‐binding site‐leucine‐rich repeats, NLRs) within a species requires a comprehensive examination of factors that affect gene loss and gain.

We present a new reference genome of Solanum chilense, which leads to an increased number and more accurate annotation of NLRs. Using a target capture approach, we quantify the presence–absence variation (PAV) of NLR loci across 20 populations from different habitats. We build a rigorous pipeline to validate the identification of PAV of NLRs and then show that PAV is larger within populations than between populations, suggesting that maintenance of NLR diversity is linked to population dynamics.

The amount of PAV appears not to be correlated with the NLR presence in gene clusters in the genome, but rather with the past demographic history of the species, with loss of NLRs in diverging (smaller) populations at the distribution edges. Finally, using a redundancy analysis, we find limited evidence of PAV being linked to environmental gradients.

Our results suggest that random processes (genetic drift and demography) and weak positive selection for local adaptation shape the evolution of NLRs at the single nucleotide polymorphism and PAV levels in an outcrossing plant with high nucleotide diversity.
Three‐Dimensional Printed Prosthesis Reconstructs Bilateral Type III Pelvic Defect After Malignant Tumors Resection
Authors: He Xuanhong , Luo Yi , Zou Chang , Lu Minxun , Zhang Yuqi , Li Zhuangzhuang , Kenmegne Guy Romeo , Zhou Yong , Min Li , Tu Chongqi
Published: November 2024

Objective

Type III hemipelvectomy and reconstruction are challenging. Several reconstruction options, including autologous soft tissue, prosthesis patch, autologous, or allograft, were reported, but a variety of shortcomings limited their application. Three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed prosthesis was designed to reconstruct the unilateral Type III pelvic defect and had favorable clinical outcomes. However, the reconstruction method for bilateral Type III pelvic defect was few reported. This study aims to design a bilateral pubis prosthesis and evaluate the early clinical outcomes and complications.

Methods

We retrospectively collected patients receiving 3D‐printed bilateral pubis prosthesis reconstruction after malignant tumor resection between 2017 and 2021. Demographics, anatomic data, operation time, blood loss, and clinical outcomes of patients were analyzed. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society‐93 (MSTS‐93) score was performed to evaluate the function and complications were recorded.

Results

Four patients, including three for females and one for males, were enrolled in this study. Prosthesis was designed according to the pelvic anatomical data. The mean operation time and blood loss were 308.8 min (range, 240–400 min) and 655 mL (range, 400–1100 mL), respectively. The average follow‐up was 15.5 months (range, 12–16 months). The mean MSTS was 28.5 (28–29). One patient had incision necrosis postoperatively. No hernia, prosthesis displacement, or implant failure occurred during follow‐up. Four patients with 15 interfaces showed good osteointegration.

Conclusions

3D‐printed bilateral pubis prosthesis could restore the integrity and stability of pelvic ring and improve limb function. Meanwhile, this reconstruction option provided a rigid bony‐soft support to prevent the development of hernia. In all, 3D‐printed bilateral pubis prosthesis is recommended to be a favorable selection for Type III pelvic defect reconstruction.
The SUMO‐conjugating enzyme OsSCE1a from wild rice regulates the functional stay‐green trait in rice
Authors: Yuan Xuzhao , Luan Yanfang , Liu Dong , Wang Jian , Peng Jianxiang , Zhao Jinlei , Li Lupeng , Su Jingjing , Xiao Yang , Li Yuanjie , Ma Xin , Zhu Xiaoyang , Tan Lubin , Liu Fengxia , Sun Hongying , Gu Ping , Xu Ran , Zhang Peijiang , Zhu Zuofeng , Sun Chuanqing , Fu Yongcai , Zhang Kun
Published: November 2024

The functional stay‐green trait is a major goal of rice breeding. Here, we cloned OsSCE1a encoding SUMO‐conjugating enzyme from Yuanjiang common wild rice, which simultaneously regulates the functional stay‐green trait and growth duration. Low expression or knocking out OsSCE1a corresponded to increased chlorophyll content, photosynthetic competence, N use efficiency and a shortened growth period without affecting yield. A natural MITE‐transposon insertion/deletion in the OsSCE1a promoter is the functional variation that regulates these traits. OsSCE1a was selected during evolution and shows significant variation between indica and japonica rice. OsNAC2 interacts with the MITE to enhance OsSCE1a expression. Genetic manipulation of OsSCE1a revealed its potential for rice improvement. OsSCE1a‐mediated SUMOylation of OsGS2 suppresses GS (involved in N assimilation) enzyme activity. OsSCE1a also regulates growth duration by SUMOylating the transcription factor such as OsGBP1, which regulates the expression of the key heading gene Ghd7. Our findings shed light on the role of SUMOylation in crops and provide a strategy for increasing agricultural productivity.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A high index of clinical suspicion is key for early diagnosis and successful treatment
Authors: Collins Bridget F. , Raghu Ganesh
Published: November 2024

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