bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LPJmL4 – a dynamic global vegetation model with managed land: Part I – Model description
Authors: Schaphoff Sibyll , von Bloh Werner , Rammig Anja , Thonicke Kirsten , Biemans Hester , Forkel Matthias , Gerten Dieter , Heinke Jens , Jägermeyr Jonas , Knauer Jürgen , Langerwisch Fanny , Lucht Wolfgang , Müller Christoph , Rolinski Susanne , Waha Katharina
Published: July 2017

Abstract. This paper provides a comprehensive description of the newest version of the Dynamic Global Vegetation Model with managed Land, LPJmL4. This model simulates – internally consistently – the growth and productivity of both natural and agricultural vegetation in direct coupling with water and carbon fluxes. These features render LPJmL4 suitable for assessing a broad range of feedbacks within, and impacts upon, the terrestrial biosphere as increasingly shaped by human activities such as climate change and land-use change. Here we describe the core model structure including recently developed modules now unified in LPJmL4. Thereby we also summarize LPJmL model developments and evaluations (based on 34 earlier publications focused e.g. on improved representations of crop types, human and ecological water demand, and permafrost) and model applications (82 papers, e.g. on historical and future climate change impacts) since its first description in 2007. To demonstrate the main features of the LPJmL4 model, we display reference simulation results for key processes such as the current global distribution of natural and managed ecosystems, their productivities, and associated water fluxes. A thorough evaluation of the model is provided in a companion paper. By making the model source code freely available at a Gitlab server, we hope to stimulate the application and further development of LPJmL4 across scientific communities, not least in support of major activities such as the IPCC and SDG process.
The Onsager–Machlup functional for data assimilation
Authors: Sugiura Nozomi
Published: July 2017

Abstract. When taking the model error into account in data assimilation, one needs to evaluate the prior distribution represented by the Onsager–Machlup functional. Numerical experiments have clarified how one should put it into discrete form in the maximum a posteriori estimates and in the assignment of probability to each path. In the maximum a posteriori estimates, the divergence of the drift term is essential, but for the path probability assignments in combination with the Euler time-discretization scheme, it is not necessary. The latter property will help simplify the implementation of nonlinear data assimilation for large systems with sampling methods such as the Metropolis-adjusted Langevin algorithm.
“We Were Part of the Revolutionary Movement There”: Wisconsin Peace Progressives and Solidarity with El Salvador in the Reagan Era
Authors: Todd Molly
Published: July 2017

This article examines grassroots sistering, a unique model of transnational social justice activism that took shape in the 1980s as ordinary people in the United States “adopted” villages in civil-war-torn El Salvador. These pages highlight the particular role that Wisconsin played in the development of this transnational sistering network, which, by the time the Salvadoran political conflict ended in 1992, linked more than fifty cities, churches, and health projects in the United States with counterparts in El Salvador. An analysis based on previously unexplored archival records of several Wisconsin-based organizations reveals that, although Wisconsinites and their U.S. allies provided real succor to Salvadorans traumatized by war, sistering went far beyond humanitarianism. In fact, sistering relationships were intentionally designed as a nonviolent protest against Cold War policies propagated by authorities in San Salvador and Washington, DC. More specifically, sistering challenged the counterinsurgency strategies of the Salvadoran government, protested U.S. interventionist policies, and modeled viable alternatives to exploitative political, social, and economic relationships. Through sistering, activists pursued an idealistic vision of democracy inspired in equal measure by Wisconsin’s celebrated progressive vanguard, the New Left, and the popular revolutionary struggle in El Salvador.
Doing Sport History in the Digital Present
Authors: Sterling Jennifer J. , Phillips Murray G. , McDonald Mary G.
Published: July 2017

Reflecting on the past, present, and future of digital scholarship in sport history, this article introduces the “Doing Sport History in the Digital Present” special issue as evidence of a burgeoning engagement with the digital humanities by sport historians and sport history by digital humanists. Asking what new approaches in the digital humanities might offer for the study of sport history, we first revisit recent, and nascent, discussions of sport history in the digital era. We next discuss the ways in which the contributors to the special issue move the field forward through a connected process of doing and writing digital sport history by both utilization and critique of its sources, tools, and platforms. Finally, we conclude with a look ahead to the continued and future impact of new techniques and literacies on the field of sport history.
Omeka to ¡Animales! Building a Digital Repository of Research on Argentine Soccer
Authors: Sibaja Rwany
Published: July 2017

In this essay, I draw upon research, writing, and teaching experiences using Omeka—a content management system (CMS) and digital archive and collection platform—to engage in the emerging conversation of how to do sport history in the digital age. Developing my own Omeka site, ¡Animales!, has been an illuminating process. It forced me to consider the modularity of CMS, how open-access/open-source tools afford new possibilities to sport scholars, the ethical issues of doing scholarship online, and ways we can reimagine the sport-history classroom. Therefore, this essay is both an introduction to and an assessment of Omeka as a viable research and teaching tool. It addresses the interactive and multimedia nature of Web 2.0 and the viability of a more sensorial exploration of sports. More than a call to action, this article situates open-access tools like Omeka within the “digital turn” in the humanities and their implication for scholarship.
Revisiting “Ghosts of the Garden”: Sport History, Modernizing Technology, and the Promise and Perils of Digital Visualization
Authors: de Wilde Ari
Published: July 2017

In this paper, I re-examine a digital visualization titled “Ghosts of the Garden” and argue that my experience is representative of the potential and pitfalls of trying to work in a new digital medium. Moreover, I show that digital sport history represents a paradox to the profession of sport historians: on one hand, technology liberates historians from expressing and representing experiences only in words; on the other, it subjects and disciplines them to constantly evolving technologies. I begin by looking at the promise of visualization in sport history, which contrasts with Western notions of what counts as culture, scholarship, and history. Second, I examine the technological challenges that digital, posttextual visualizations and digital sport history, more broadly, present to scholarly sport historians. Finally, I look at the paradoxical epistemological and pedagogical issues that digital history raises for sport historians.
The Power of Blogging: Rethinking Scholarship and Reshaping Boundaries at Sport in American History
Authors: McGregor Andrew
Published: July 2017

In June 2015, the American Historical Association (AHA) published its guidelines for evaluating digital scholarship, capping off a year-and-a-half of research into the emerging field of digital history. Blogging sat at the center of the AHA’s discussions, as scholars considered its relationship to digital history and its potential as an emerging form of scholarship in the digital era. This paper summarizes those debates and outlines the development of group blogs within academic history. Reflecting on my own work as the founder of the Sport in American History group blog, I show how it, like other blogs, is a form of new scholarship that helps rethink traditional methods of publication and scholarly communication. This new form of scholarship is less formal and more democratic, as well as geared for public consumption. I further suggest that, within sport history, Sport in American History has fostered a more cohesive and collaborative community, bringing together an often-splintered subfield.
Toward an Alternative to the Virtual Museum Concept: Collective Memory and the Search for an Inclusive Approach to Digital Triathlon History Making
Authors: Hunt Jane E.
Published: July 2017

Modern triathlon originated in San Diego in 1974. It transitioned from multisport novelty to global sporting movement after an event colloquially known as the Hawaiian Ironman gained worldwide attention in the early 1980s. The ultradistance triathlon consolidated into a commercial entity, while another arm of the sport embraced Olympism. Both the Ironman and Olympic arms of the sport promoted a collective memory of triathlon that suited their respective claims to authenticity. In the process, they rendered the individual and collective memory of early everyday proponents of the sport irrelevant. When I set out to write an inclusive history of triathlon in Australia, I discovered a deeper and more complex triathlon memory in the form of oral traditions and dispersed historical records held by what one nostalgic Facebook group referred to as “The Old Hands.” In this paper, I reflect on the critical triathlon memory presented by the “Old Hands” and look for ways to escape acts of memory that center on these competing claims to authenticity. As part of my search for a suitable model for an inclusive digital triathlon archive that might facilitate the emergence of alternate narratives, I examine the notion of the fragment, as it relates to individual memory, historical records, and digital content, and the potential that participatory digital mechanisms hold for inducing diverse acts of social memory; and explore the possibility that a geospatial mechanism may provide an effective visual and organizational tool.
The Passionate, Pathologized Bodies of Sports Fans: How the Digital Turn Might Facilitate a New Cultural History of Modern Spectator Sports
Authors: Klugman Matthew
Published: July 2017

The passions of spectators have played a vital role in the transformation of games like baseball, Association football, and Australian Rules football into strikingly powerful institutions of popular culture, yet these spectators have largely remained on the margins of sports history. One reason for this has been the difficulty in tracing the various terms and phrases used to describe spectator cultures through the print archive of one sport, let alone comparing this with sports in other countries. This paper explores the way the increasing digitization of newspapers, journals, magazines, and other textual sources allows for the beginning of what might be termed a cultural history 2.0 of sports spectators and sports history more generally. Drawing on three digital archives, it begins the process of tracing the uses and meanings associated with the terms “cranks” and “barrackers” and the phrase “football fever” that were deployed to describe and represent the zealous spectator cultures that emerged around baseball in the United States, Australian Rules football in Australia, and Association football in the United Kingdom in the late 1800s. The digitized sources compared in this paper suggest the bodies of fans, as well as athletes, played a key role in the development of modern spectator sports.
The effectiveness of forgiveness therapy for wives of alcoholics
Authors: Kim Hee kyung , Bernstein Kunsook
Published: July 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of forgiveness therapy for wives of alcoholics in South Korea suffering from emotional abuse by their spouses.Methods: Non-randomized quasi-experimental research was conducted with 2-hour weekly forgiveness therapy sessions for 12 weeks, and pre-test, post-test, and a 12-week follow-up test. A total number of 28 subjects were divided into two groups: 15 in the experimental group and 13 in the control group. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, χ2 test, and repeated measure ANOVA, using SPSS 20.0.Results: The experimental group showed a significantly higher score on the forgiveness scale than did the control group (t = 0.312, p < .010) and the 12-week follow-up test (F = 4.43, p = .039). In the subcategories of the forgiveness scale, affect and cognition scores were significantly increased but there was no significant change on the behavior score.Conclusions: These findings suggest that forgiveness therapy may be an effective intervention program to improve forgiveness for the emotionally abused wives of alcoholics.
The Role of Formalized Structured Translation Specifications in Translation Quality Assurance of Public Signs in China
Authors: Sun Dongyun
Published: July 2017

A survey was conducted of public signs in a famous river town in China. A variety of translation problems were observed including (1) the wrong use of fonts, (2) inconsistency of terminology, (3) typesetting, and (4) lack of consumer awareness. The solution to such problems, it is argued in this paper, involves cooperation on the part of translators, translation agencies, and universities training translators. Furthermore, it is argued that an effective vehicle for promoting such cooperation is the use of formalized structured translation specifications (FSTS). Translation project FSTS should be developed in conjunction with a translation project and kept with the project materials for use in future additional work. The paper explains how FSTS is developed and how they can be used to improve the results of translation projects, including the translation of public signs and many other types of projects.
Cohesive Ties in Scientific Texts: An Analytical Approach
Authors: Altikriti Sahar , Obaidat Batoul
Published: July 2017

The notion of “textuality” encouraged Halliday and Hasan in 1976 to present their model of discourse analysis through raising questions about whether “cohesion” is a semantic concept or a structural relation, whether a text is a structural unit or not or even if there are semantic or structural relationships within a text. Cohesion is like the glue that unifies the meaning within a text through binding the textual elements. Several studies applied the model of Halliday and Hasan on different texts such as legal, political, narrative, etc., but, very scarce attention has been given to scientific texts. The aim of this study is to examine and analyze some medical texts chosen randomly in terms of the Halliday and Hasan’s model by identifying both the lexical and the grammatical cohesive ties. The data analysis shows that the grammatical cohesive ties of reference and the lexical cohesive ties of reiteration carry the highest frequency among other cohesive ties. These results confirmed the significant role of cohesive ties in scientific texts.
Metaphor as a Means of Pessimism in English Poetry
Authors: Ayassrah Mohamed Ayed Ibrahim , Alidmat Ali Odeh
Published: July 2017

The present study attempts to investigate using metaphor as a powerful tool of pessimism in poetic texts with special emphasis on T.S Eliot’s Waste Land. Eliot’s Waste Land which is heavily pregnant of metaphors is a great epic poetic story summarizes the gloomy circumstances of the European life after the World War I where a complexity of sad feelings dominates the whole five parts of the poem. Eliot vividly used metaphor as an effective means in transferring the real degradation of the European life after the Great War.This study includes an introduction, significance of the study, choosing the metaphorical pessimistic expressions in Eliot’s Waste Land, questions of the study, objectives of the study, methodology, what is metaphor? functions of metaphor, what is pessimism? The Waste Land, Eliot’s life, why was Eliot pessimist in his great Waste Land? the analysis session, the answers of the study questions and the references.
Towards Assessing the Vernacular in the Arabic Language: A Descriptive Analytical Study
Authors: Khader Khader T. , Hammad Usama
Published: July 2017

This research aims to highlight the nature of vernacular in the Arabic language, reasons for their emergence, their importance and natural role. It seeks to achieve a balanced relationship between vernacular and the standard language in a scholarly and objective manner. Vernacular is not an undesirable phenomenon people should seek to treat. It is rather a practice Allah prescribed to humankind, a natural human phenomenon that cannot be eradicated. We shall keep pace and coexist with it. Vernaculars play an obvious humanitarian role; they perform social mission in their own environments. A standard language cannot supersede the vernacular. This is conditioned on that vernaculars should play their role in their own fields. A standard language enjoys a status, role and platforms, which cannot be shared with vernacular. Their relation remains complementary.
The Plight of Old English in New India
Authors: Sarkar Milton
Published: July 2017

Globalization and the new media boom over the last couple of years have created a divide between the old and the new India. One of the most significant phenomena of this so-called new India is the emergence of English as a lingua franca but not in the proper form of it. In this digital age of online communication [email, text messaging (SMS), instant messaging (WhatsApp, Hike, AOL etc.)], Blogging, Microblogging (Twitter, Tumblr, FriendFeed etc.) and so forth writing (with word limit of, say 160/140) is bound to be smaller than it used to be earlier, but that must never mean that one is free to flout the rules of grammar wholesale. English used in the various sections of new media, especially in the Social Networking Sites [SNS(s)] is in a desperate plight. This article is a probe into the predicament of old English in new India.
Has the Implementation of MLE Improved the Achievements in Thailand’s Deep South?
Authors: Cheni Yapar , Sintana Suppaluk , Watcharasukum Supa , Leelapatarapun Pimonpun , Lumbensa Pranee , Suwanno Phimpawee , Rungwittayapun Anas , Tohsu Niharong , Deemae Armeenoh , Ayae Niyamal
Published: July 2017

Long-term evaluations of student performance are important to show whether Multilingual Education (MLE) students are making real progress, as well as to show what changes are needed to make MLE programs more successful. The purpose of this paper is to describe a six-year study of MLE students in Southern Thailand. .In 2007, the Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia, Mahidol University (RILCA-MU) initiated the Patani Malay-Thai Bi/multilingual Research Project in four schools in Southern Thailand. In 2011, the Yala Rajabhat University (YRU) staff began biannual student evaluations of both the experimental (MLE) schools and the “normal” Thai-only comparison schools, when the first cohort of students began primary grade 1. YRU followed these students’ performances until 2016 when they completed primary grade 6. The learning achievement for students in the experimental (MLE) schools was found to be significantly higher than that of students in the comparison schools at the level of 0.01, except in grade 6. The number of students who met the basic educational criteria was greater for the MLE schools than the comparison schools. MLE was found to be very helpful for low and mid-level performing student. Finally, scores on the critical thinking skills assessment of the MLE students were greater than the comparison school students. Thus, this six-year research project has clearly shown that MLE can help to solve the problems of teaching and learning in Thailand’s three southern border provinces. This approach to long-term evaluations can be helpful to projects in other countries also.
What about the mainstream?
Authors: Duyvendak Jan Willem
Published: July 2017

What about the mainstream?

Advocates of superdiversity have a potential blind spot for differences in symbolic power that affect integration. Thus, they quickly ignore class inequalities and racism. But the main point of criticism is that superdiversity neglects the mainstream, the dominant ways of thinking and doing in a society. The majority of the Netherlands has become more and more culturally homogenous: after a long time of cultural polarization (the long decade of the sixties), the majority has taken over consensually libertarian ideals. The implication of this is that cultural diversity is experienced as a growing problem. Citizens, including migrants, must show that they feel connected with the Netherlands.
Superdiversiteit als duizelingwekkend perspectief – maar niet onproblematisch
Authors: Boutellier Hans
Published: July 2017

Superdiversity as a dazzling perspective – but not unproblematic

The ‘condition of superdiversity’ creates a dazzling perspective that matches the image of a networking society without unambiguous collective entities. Society consists of a caleidoscopic set of identities, relationships, languages and gods in a context of permeable geographic areas. That brings many problems, but the country that is aware of this diversity does have ultimately the best papers for the future.
(Super)diversiteit en onveiligheidsgevoelens
Authors: Snel Erik , Glas Iris
Published: July 2017

(Super)diversity and feelings of unsafety

Contemporary cities are increasingly characterised by ‘super diversity’. As Putnam’s thesis about the negative social consequences of ethnic diversity is correct, we may assume that growing diversity also negatively affects crime and fear of crime in cities. After all: the more diversity, the less social cohesion and the less collective efficacy, ultimately resulting in higher crime rates. More diversity also implies less (public) familiarity in neighbourhoods and more fear of crime. On the other hand, some qualitative studies show that particularly residents of relatively homogeneous districts perceive migrants as threatening. Migrants are seen as less threatening when neighbourhood residents are familiarized with ‘the other’ and when there are more interethnic contacts. Various foreign and Dutch studies show an independent effect of ethnic diversity in the neighbourhood on fear of crime. However, this effect disappears when other resident characteristics are included into the analysis. Residents of ethnically diverse and deprived districts are generally less satisfied with their neighbourhood, have less trust in the government and are more often victimized. Precisely these perceptions and experiences explain why they more often feel unsafe in their own neighbourhood.
Overdrijven en ontkennen
Authors: van Swaaningen René
Published: July 2017

Exaggerating and denying: on the criminological heritage Stanley Cohen

On the occasion of the publication of a collection of articles by Stanley Cohen in 2016 (edited by Tom Deams), René van Swaaningen pays a tribute to this important, thought-provoking and pioneering thinker in criminology. He takes Cohen’s adage that we as critical criminologists always have to balance between intellectual scepticism and political commitment as a starting point for an analysis of his work. Cohen’s rejection of criminology as a liberal project may have led him to defining himself as an ‘anti-criminologist’, yet at the same time Cohen has been able to transform the discipline as such into a more power-critical direction. Two of Cohen’s key-contributions to criminological theory, those on moral panics and on denial, are discussed and related to each other. Whilst adopting Foucault’s analyses of power as a constructing practice, Cohen, in his work on social control, rejects the pessimist implications of Foucault’s work, in which human agency is defined away. In this essay, the relation of Cohen’s work with that of his mentor David Matza is also discussed, as well as is his great and ironic style of writing.
A Comparative Study of Fluoride Containing Chlorhexidine and Non-Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses in a Teenage Group
Authors: Atabek Didem , Alaçam Alev , Çakılcı Burcu , Berkkan Aysel
Published: July 2017

Aim: The study was planned to assess the effect of a mouthrinse containing Chlorhexidine (CHX) and amine/stannous fluoride (AmF) on plaque accumulation, gingivitis and salivary fluoride levels in comparison with two mouthrinses containing either essential oils (EO) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) with sodium fluoride (NaF) in a teenage group.

Methodology: For this study 82 healthy teenage between 13 and 16 years were recruited for participation. The experimental gingivitis model consisted of a 2-weeks recruitment phase, followed by a 6-day rinsing period with one of the 4 mouthrinse formulations was used for the study. At the end of the pre-phase period and the rinsing period (Day-0/Day-6), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and salivary fluoride levels were recorded. The statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon sign test  and the dependent t test.

Results: A reduction in plaque re-growth was seen for the CHX+AmF formulation rinse, although there were no significant differences among all groups (p>0,001). During the experimental periods, the gingivitis indices increased significantly for all formulations (p<0,001), except for the CHX+AmF formulation. The CHX+AmF formulation scored higher levels of salivary fluoride at the end of the rinsing period (p>0,001).

Conclusion: It reveals that the adjunctive use of AmF containing CHX mouthrinses to mechanical oral hygiene should be recommended for teenage at risk groups. 

How to cite this article: Atabek D, Alaçam A, Çakılcı B, Berkkan A. A Comparative Study of Fluoride Containing Chlorhexidine and Non-Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses in a Teenage Group. Int Dent Res 2012;1:1-7.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Treatment of Large Periapical Lesions without Surgical Approach: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Arslan Hakan , Karataş Ertuğrul , Barutcugil Çağatay , Topçuoğlu H. Sinan , Aladağ Halit
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper is to present the non-surgical management of three cases with large periapical lesions. Surgical treatment of large periapical lesions is often subject to various complications. Therefore, a non-surgical approach should be considered for the management of these lesions. The first was a maxillary lateral incisor with a periapical lesion of endodontic origin in a 19-year-old female patient, the second affected a maxillary central incisor in a 21-year-old female patient and the third was a mandibular molar in a 36-year-old male patient. The canals were prepared using crown down technique. During root canal treatment, sodium hypochlorite was used for irrigation and calcium hydroxide was used for the intra-canal dressing. Clinical evaluation was performed after 10 days. The teeth were asymptomatic and the root canals were obturated using lateral compaction technique. The patients were recalled at 3, 6 and 12 months. These radiolucent periapical lesions were treated successfully without surgical approach. 

How to cite this article: Arslan H, Karataş E, Barutcugil Ç, Topçuoğlu HS, Aladağ H. Treatment of Large Periapical Lesions without Surgical Approach: Report of Three Cases. Int Dent Res 2012;2:17-22

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Oral Surgery In Severe Thrombocytopaenia Patients: A Case-Control Comparison of Platelet Concentrate Versus Platelet Transfusion
Authors: Cocero Nadia , Bergamasco Laura , Mozzati Marco
Published: July 2017

Aim: Surgical treatment of patients with severe thrombocytopaenia (<50,000 platelets/mL) is a major problem for dentists due to an increased risk of bleeding. To reduce post-extraction haemorrhage, we tested a new approach using a platelet concentrate and compared its outcomes with those of routine platelet transfusion.

Methodology: Sixty-six patients with a platelet count between 29,000 and 46,000/mL were included in the study. Each patient was to undergo at least two sessions for the extraction of teeth; in one session the patients received a platelet transfusion before the extraction and in the other the post-alveolar sockets were treated with Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF). Patients were evaluated after 0.4, 1, 3 and 7 days to assess bleeding and haematoma.

Results: Patients treated with PRGF consistently exhibited a statistically significant reduction in post-extraction bleeding, hematoma and need for re-intervention. There is ample evidence that application of PRGF in the post-alveolar socket markedly reduced the risk of haemorrhage and associated complications in all patients.

Conclusion: PRGF concentrate is recommended for the treatment of thrombocytopaenic patients due to its remarkable ability to stimulate healing while greatly reducing side effects, such as bleeding and haematoma.

How to cite this article: Cocero N, Bergamasco L, Mozzati M. Oral Surgery In Severe Thrombocytopaenia Patients: A Case-Control Comparison of Platelet Concentrate Versus Platelet Transfusion. Int Dent Res 2012;2:33-36.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
The Evolution of External and Internal Implant–Abutment Connections: A Review
Authors: Prithviraj D.R. , Muley Ninad , Gupta Vikas
Published: July 2017

A study of the implant–abutment connection is of great importance because it is the primary determinant of the strength and stability of an implant-supported restoration, which, in turn, determines the restoration’s prosthetic stability. Traditionally, Brånemark’s external hexagon has been used, but significant complications, such as abutment screw loosening, rotational misfit at the implant–abutment interface, and microbial penetration have led to modification of the external hexagon and the development of internal implant–abutment connections. In this review, we describe various implant–abutment connections that have evolved over time from the traditional external hexagon. 

How to cite this article: Alharissy M, Dayoub S. The Evolution of External and Internal Implant–Abutment Connections: A Review. Int Dent Res 2012;2:37-42.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Virtual Modeling of a Cleft Lip and Palate Patient
Authors: Karadede İrfan , ADIGÜZEL Özkan , Özer Törün , Bilgiç Fundagül , Özhal İzol Renin
Published: July 2017

Aim: To demonstrate three-dimensional virtual modeling of a cleft lip and palate patient.
Methodology: Traditional two-dimensional treatment planning modalities are often inadequate. Developing technology has enabled the virtual modeling of cleft lip and palate patients. Mimics software was used to demonstrate how to construct such a model.
Conclusion: We are now able to model cleft lip and palate patients in three dimensions.
How to cite this article: Karadede İ, Adıgüzel Ö, Özer T, Bilgiç F, Özhal İzol R. Virtual Modeling of a Cleft Lip and Palate Patient. Int Dent Res 2012;2:43-47.
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Smear-layer Removal Using Two Instrumentation and Irrigation Techniques in a Closed System
Authors: Kaya Sadullah
Published: July 2017

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two instrumentation and irrigant techniques in smear-layer removal from root canals.

Methodology: Thirty single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (continuous irrigation) was prepared using Self-adjusting file, and group 2 (manual irrigation; conventional needle irrigation) was prepared using with ProTaper file system. Groups were irrigated using sodium hypochlorite (5%) as an initial irrigant following MTAD in a closed system. Canals were bisected and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Smear layers were evaluated using a five-point scoring system with 2500x magnification.

Results: Smear layers were eliminated in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canal, respectively, in 93%, 80%, and 60% of samples in the group 1, and 67%, 60%, and 27% in the group 2, of the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals, respectively. Evaluation by SEM showed continuous irrigation differed not-significantly from the manual irrigation group in all areas (P >0.05).

Conclusions: Smear layer can be removed properly with suitable irrigation methods.

How to cite this article: Kaya S. Smear-layer Removal Using Two Instrumentation and Irrigation Techniques in a Closed System. Int Dent Res 2012;2:60-66.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Use of a Surgical Guide in a Crown-Lengthening Procedure to Improve the Aesthetics of the Interdental Papillae: A Case Report
Authors: Kılıç Duygu , Alkan Banu Arzu , Kılıç Kerem
Published: July 2017

Aim: This case report describes the use of a surgical guide in a crown-lengthening procedure to improve the aesthetics of the anterior interdental papillae in an adult female patient.

Methodology: A 40-year-old female underwent a crown-lengthening procedure with guidance provided by a surgical template to correct unsatisfactory aesthetics in the anterior gingiva and prosthesis.

Results: The patient’s functional and aesthetic expectations were met successfully with interdisciplinary treatment, including surgical crown lengthening and the placement of all-ceramic restorations.

Conclusions: This case showed that satisfactory anterior aesthetics can be achieved by comprehensive examination, careful planning of treatment employing a surgical guide, and prosthodontist–periodontist teamwork, even in the complete absence of interdental papillae. 

How to cite this article: Kılıç D, Alkan BA, Kılıç K. Use of a Surgical Guide in a Crown-Lengthening Procedure to Improve the Aesthetics of the Interdental Papillae: A Case Report. Int Dent Res 2012;2:75-80.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy: A Case Report
Authors: Saribas Ebru , Acun Kaya Filiz , Dogru Arzum Guler , Aluclu Mehmet Ufuk
Published: July 2017

Aim: Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) is a rare syndrome of unknown etiology that develops in early childhood. Five different types of HSAN have been described. This syndrome is characterized by the absence of pain and self-mutilation. Patients start to traumatize themselves at as young as 2–3 years of age. Subsequently, ulcers and stress fractures develop on their fingers and toes. Oral findings in HSAN patients include oral lesions after repetitive trauma, oral mucosa and tongue scars, self-dental extractions, dental infections, and premature tooth loss.

Methodology: This case report presents the oral findings of a 4-year-old HSAN patient with premature tooth loss who visited Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology. The extraoral examination showed wounds around the nose and bruises and burns on the forearms and legs. The intraoral inspection showed traumatic lesions on the tongue, early loss of all of the lower jaw primary dentition, but the presence of upper jaw teeth.

Results: During follow-up, the eruption of the permanent right lower incisors and presence of mobility were observed. A partial child prosthesis for the lower jaw and protective plaque restoration constructions were planned. The patient is being followed regularly.

Conclusions: It is necessary to conduct regular checkups and to ensure good communication between the dentist and family in terms of ensuring oral hygiene and preventing the development of undesired complications. 

How to cite this article: Saribas E, Acun Kaya F, Dogru AM, Aluclu MU.  Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy: A Case Report. Int Dent Res 2016;6:9-12.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Zarządzanie kapitałem ludzkim. Procesy – narzędzia – aplikacje
Authors: Miś Alicja
Published: July 2017

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Głos w sprawie interpretacji przywództwa w organizacji
Authors: Czerska Małgorzata , Rutka Ryszard
Published: July 2017

Zamiarem Autorów była próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy w organizacjach formalnych
terminy kierowanie i  przywództwo można traktować jako synonimy. Przeprowadzono
analizę porównawczą obu pojęć w następujących obszarach: cele, źródła władzy i treści
pełnionych ról na poszczególnych szczeblach hierarchicznych. Prowadzi ona do wniosku,
że kierowanie jest pojęciem szerszym, a przywództwo stanowi jedynie jedną z jego form
(o coraz większym znaczeniu). Nie należy więc nadużywać terminu przywództwo.
Inspiracje, problemy i obszary badawcze w naukach o zarządzaniu – spojrzenie retrospektywne
Authors: Nogalski Bogdan
Published: July 2017

Artykuł przedstawia sytuację, w której w sposób badawczy, naukowy i empirycznie weryfikowany polskie środowisko naukowe podejmuje, w  pracach awansowych na stopień
naukowy doktora habilitowanego, problematykę związaną z treścią i obszarami dociekań
w naukach o zarządzaniu. Ów stan faktyczny przedstawiony został na podstawie analizy
danych o postępowaniach awansowych przeprowadzonych w latach 2007–2015 (pierwsze
półrocze). W artykule poszukuje się odpowiedzi na kluczowe pytanie problemowe: Czym
się zajmują, jakie mają priorytety i dokąd zmierzają polskie nauki o zarządzaniu?
Architektura korporacyjna – źródło korzyści dla przedsiębiorstwa
Authors: Woźniak Jacek , Fester Adrian
Published: July 2017

Zasoby informacyjne postrzegane są współcześnie jako jeden z  podstawowych filarów rozwoju przedsiębiorstw. Swoista „gospodarka informacyjna” stanowi integralny element modeli biznesowych, eksponując jednocześnie systemowe podejście do zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem i jego funkcjonowania w otoczeniu. Zasoby informacyjne można więc traktować jako siłę sprawczą rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa. W  związku z  tym pojawia się pytanie: W jaki sposób przełożyć potencjał zasobów informacyjnych na rozwój przedsiębiorstwa? Jednym z rozwiązań jest wdrażanie i rozwój ram architektury korporacyjnej. Artykuł ma charakter teoretyczno‑empiryczny, a jego celem jest potwierdzenie, że archi‑ tektura korporacyjna może być źródłem korzyści dla przedsiębiorstwa. Zastosowanymi metodami badawczymi są studium przypadku (typowy przypadek), analiza, synteza oraz hermeneutyka. W artykule opisane jest studium przypadku firmy Apple Inc. W opracowaniu przeanalizowano architekturę korporacyjną tej firmy i  stwierdzono, że korzyści hipotetyczne opisywane w  literaturze przedmiotu i  wskazane w  standardzie TOGAF® , związane z  wdrożeniem i  rozwojem architektury korporacyjnej w  przedsiębiorstwie, znajdują potwierdzenie w praktyce (przykład firmy Apple).
Human Capital in Self‑Employed Persons’ Economic Activity
– Determinant or Barrier to Achieving Success
Authors: Bagieńska Anna
Published: July 2017

In economic activity of all entities on the market, knowledge and skills are of
great importance, since they allow entrepreneurs to properly use the potential of
various material and non‑material resources. The determinant of success is, among
others, human capital, both the owner’s and the employees’. The statistical data confirm an increasing education level of the self‑employed. The entrepreneurs
who are university graduates play the most important role in creating work
places. Moreover, thanks to their education, the entrepreneurs’ actions are more
effective in terms of maintaining and developing the activity which they conduct.
The growing problem of acquiring employees with adequate qualifications is
becoming a barrier to the development of company
Process of Competitive Advantage Creation in Local Government
of Tourist Profile
Authors: Flieger Michał
Published: July 2017

Local governments are responsible for local and economic development.
In order to foster local growth they may implement a  range of instruments
which influence local entrepreneurship. These instruments vary as for their
effectiveness. Thus, it is crucial to establish what effectiveness the instruments
have in the process of local entrepreneurship support. The research has shown
that there is a  difference as for the evaluation of the instruments by local
companies.  This means that local governments should build the range of used
instruments carefully to be as effective as possible
Significance of Culture in Development of Entrepreneurial
Mindsets
Authors: Gadomska‑Lila Katarzyna
Published: July 2017

Entrepreneurship becomes one of the essential conditions of the survival
and development on a  competitive market. Stimulation and development of
entrepreneurship require activities in various fields. Culture is of major importance
for the formation of entrepreneurial mindsets. In this paper, changes within the
perception of entrepreneurship and its determinants are analyzed. The author
focuses on cultural determinants, taking into consideration different groups of
factors. An attempt is taken to identify the features of entrepreneurial culture and
to characterize its key attributes, as well as to indicate the ways of forming and
developing entrepreneurial culture.
Entrepreneurship Support in Local Development Process – Russian Experience in Sankt Petersburg Region
Authors: Konahina Natalia , Flieger Michał
Published: July 2017

Entrepreneurship support activities are crucial in local management no matter what country they are used in. Local structures are usually used actively to support local development and it is very important to construct a set of entrepreneurship support instruments which is effective. To achieve that it may be useful to use foreign experience in this matter. In the article the authors outlined the instruments used in Sankt Petersburg region. The evaluation of the instruments was introduced by Russian companies which may be helpful for Polish local governments to improve their instruments systems.
Future Managers’ Psychological Ability To Practice
Authors: Mykhailova Liubov , Shkoda Tetiana , Hlukhodid Hanna
Published: July 2017

The model of manager’s competence formation is developed by the authors. Psychological ability to practice is a key part of this model. An empirical research of psychological ability of future managers to practice is carried out using five questionnaires of psychological tests on the example of Sumy National Agrarian University. It was conducted during 2012/2013 academic year. The authors evaluated the future professionals’ abilities to motivation, risk, entrepreneurship, leadership etc. The results showed that, depending on their psychological features, respondents of each of the four groups are inclined to work in different sectors of economy.
Social Engagement of Employees
Authors: Bukowska Urszula
Published: July 2017

The aim of the article is to determine the degree of universality, ways of
expression and the benefits of social engagement of employees. Employees can
get involved not only in work but also in the functioning of the organization.
The social engagement is the organizational engagement in case of the enterprise
implementing the concept of CSR. Most often it is expressed as employee
volunteering. The volunteering can have many forms and types. The benefits of
social engagement have the individual, organizational and social dimension.
Delusions of Autonomy? Boundaries to Workers’ Freedom
in Creative Economy
Authors: Zawadzki Kamil
Published: July 2017

The article analyses the importance and boundaries of workers’ autonomy in
the creative economy. Various dimensions of the autonomy – both positive and
the negative ones – are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the limitations
to freedom in shaping the content of work and working conditions, caused by
oversupply of labor, precariousness of employment, discontinuous and low
income, severe competition and the need of multiple job‑holding. It is also stressed
that creative sectors’ workers can have pretty limited autonomy with respect
to working place, time, content and form of their work. Implications of those
restraints for job satisfaction and motivation are also emphasized.
Fostering Knowledge Sharing Attitudes and Behaviours
in Terms of Expatriation
Authors: Purgał‑Popiela Joanna
Published: July 2017

Fostering knowledge sharing attitudes and behaviours within interactions
between expatriates and local employees is an interesting, yet understudied issue
that is critical for improving management practices aimed to support cross‑border
knowledge transfer. Therefore, the purpose of this article is: (1) to explain the
mechanism and context of knowledge sharing in such conditions, (2) to find
out how organizations can exert influence on occurrence and course of such
interactions, (3) to determine the stage of research on knowledge sharing in terms
of expatriation in foreign subsidiaries located in Poland.
Employees’ Attitudes Towards Age Diversity in Teams and
Organizations
Authors: Stankiewicz Katarzyna
Published: July 2017

The issue of employees’ attitudes towards age diversity in teams and
organizations is discussed in the article. The literature emphasizes that the factor
determining the effectiveness of such teams is employees’ attitudes towards
people from different age groups and towards collaboration with them. The
assessment of employees’ attitudes is essential to employ appropriate methods to
manage such teams. The aim of the paper is to present the results of research on
employees’ attitudes toward Age Diversity conducted in the first phase of the Best
Agers Lighthouses Project – Strategic Age Management for SME in the Baltic Sea
Region. The results of the research allowed to assess the needs and readiness to
implement Age Diversity Management in the Organizations surveyed.
THE ETHNICISING OF OBJECTS AND ITS RESULTS.
ON THE ROLE OF UKRAINIAN ETHNOGRAPHIC
COLLECTIONS IN POLAND
Authors: Jełowicki Arkadiusz
Published: July 2017

Categorising and contextualising objects in collections
is a natural feature of museum professionals and
collectors, which they do both with their own collections
and others. Assigning given features to objects is connected
with their description (e.g. academic) as well as with inventory
and storage requirements. Another reason for such
practices may also be mentioned here – the need to classify
the world of objects and ideas. One of the categories most
frequently used in such operations is the ethnic and cultural
(or identity and cultural) category, particularly favoured by
ethnologists and ethnographers – hence the non-European,
non-Polish, Slavonic, Lithuanian, Ukrainian or even Lemko,
Boyko etc. collections in museums (and not only there).
Specific comparison of ethnic collections (in this case,
Ukrainian) allows at least a few significant questions to be
posed regarding the way they function. Firstly, concerning
the history of mutual inter-ethnic relations; secondly, concerning
their role in Polish ethnographic collecting; thirdly,
concerning their impact on the identity of ethnic groups;
and concerning the point of ethnicising objects; and finally
concerning the impact on the self-reflection of ethnology.
The author replies to the questions raised on the basis of
his research in 2010–2012 in over ten Polish museums and
collections. While presenting the results of his queries, he
tries simultaneously to indicate the multidimensional and
multi-context way such collections function in Polish culture.