bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-coding RNAs in neuropathic pain
Authors: Kalpachidou Theodora , Kummer Kai K. , Kress Michaela
Published: April 2020

Neuro-immune alterations in the peripheral and central nervous system play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic pain in general, and members of the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) family, specifically the short, 22 nucleotide microRNAs (miRNAs) and the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as master switches orchestrating both immune as well as neuronal processes. Several chronic disorders reveal unique ncRNA expression signatures, which recently generated big hopes for new perspectives for the development of diagnostic applications. lncRNAs may offer perspectives as candidates indicative of neuropathic pain in liquid biopsies. Numerous studies have provided novel mechanistic insight into the role of miRNAs in the molecular sequelae involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain along the entire pain pathway. Specific processes within neurons, immune cells, and glia as the cellular components of the neuropathic pain triad and the communication paths between them are controlled by specific miRNAs. Therefore, nucleotide sequences mimicking or antagonizing miRNA actions can provide novel therapeutic strategies for pain treatment, provided their human homologues serve the same or similar functions. Increasing evidence also sheds light on the function of lncRNAs, which converge so far mainly on purinergic signalling pathways both in neurons and glia, and possibly even other ncRNA species that have not been explored so far.
Single‐valued neutrosophic relations and their application to factors affecting oil prices
Authors: Chaw Yenling , Abdullah Lazim , Othman Mahmod
Published: April 2020

The recent boom of economic activities has escalated the demand for oil that eventually will affect its prices. However, oil prices are difficult to predict because most of the factors affecting oil prices are vague and intangible. The challenges in predicting oil prices urgently require a novel approach where issues related to multiple‐factors, uncertainty, and periodicity can be addressed. The authors propose the single‐valued neutrosophic relations based decision‐making method inspired by the three memberships of neutrosophic sets, and amplitude and periodicity of complex numbers. The proposed method is applied to the case of oil prices where six factors affecting oil prices and six benchmarks measuring oil prices are employed. This new method combines with complex neutrosophic numbers and algebraic relations, and can suggest the most influential factor that affects oil prices. Considering the periodicity of 24 months, computation results verify the ‘global economic rate’ as the most influential factor that affects the prices of oil. The main contribution of this study is the development of a neutrosophic relations‐based decision‐making method to suggest the most influential factor that affects oil prices. The result provides evidence on the feasibility of the proposed method in suggesting the influential factors that affect oil prices.
Stellar laboratories
Authors: Rauch T. , Gamrath S. , Quinet P. , Demleitner M. , Knörzer M. , Werner K. , Kruk J. W.
Published: April 2020

Context.Accurate atomic data is an essential ingredient for the calculation of reliable non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) model atmospheres that are mandatory for the spectral analysis of hot stars.

Aims.We aim to search for and identify for the first time spectral lines of copper (atomic numberZ= 29) and indium (Z= 49) in hot white dwarf (WD) stars and to subsequently determine their photospheric abundances.

Methods.Oscillator strengths of Cu IV–VIIwere calculated to include radiative and collisional bound-bound transitions of Cu in our NLTE model-atmosphere calculations. Oscillator strengths of In IV - VIwere compiled from the literature.

Results.We newly identified 1 Cu IV, 51 Cu V, 2 Cu VI, and 5 In Vlines in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of DO-type WD RE 0503−289. We determined the photospheric abundances of 9.3 × 10−5(mass fraction, 132 times solar) and 3.0 × 10−5(56 600 times solar), respectively; we also found Cu overabundances in the DA-type WD G191−B2B (6.3 × 10−6, 9 times solar).

Conclusions.All identified Cu IV-VIlines in the UV spectrum of RE 0503−289 were simultaneously well reproduced with our newly calculated oscillator strengths. With the detection of Cu and In in RE 0503−289, the total number of trans-iron elements (Z> 28) in this extraordinary WD reaches an unprecedented number of 18.
Optical phase curve of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b
Authors: Bourrier V. , Kitzmann D. , Kuntzer T. , Nascimbeni V. , Lendl M. , Lavie B. , Hoeijmakers H. J. , Pino L. , Ehrenreich D. , Heng K. , Allart R. , Cegla H. M. , Dumusque X. , Melo C. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Caldwell D. A. , Cretignier M. , Giles H. , Henze C. E. , Jenkins J. , Lovis C. , Murgas F. , Pepe F. , Ricker G. R. , Rose M. E. , Seager S. , Segransan D. , Suárez-Mascareño A. , Udry S. , Vanderspek R. , Wyttenbach A.
Published: April 2020

We present the analysis of TESS optical photometry of WASP-121b, which reveals the phase curve of this transiting ultra-hot Jupiter. Its hotspot is located at the sub-stellar point, showing inefficient heat transport from the dayside (2870 ± 50 K) to the nightside (<2500 K at 3σ) at the altitudes probed by TESS. The TESS eclipse depth, measured at the shortest wavelength to date for WASP-121b, confirms the strong deviation from blackbody planetary emission. Our atmospheric retrieval on the complete emission spectrum supports the presence of a temperature inversion, which can be explained by the presence of VO and possibly TiO and FeH. The strong planetary emission at short wavelengths could arise from an H− continuum.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Adopting Effective Stress Approach of an Embankment Involving Liquefaction Potential
Authors: Sengara I Wayan , Sulaiman Ahmad
Published: April 2020

Stability of an embankment under earthquake loads is challenging in the process of analysis and design. Some embankment design consist of saturated granular material that is potential to liquefaction. Earthquake loads to the embankment under this conditions is one of major cause of embankment failure. Seismic performance involving stress-deformations and excess-pore-water pressure was evaluated in this paper. The evaluation adopts effective stress approach with non-linear elasto-plastic constitutive model. Numerical simulations through parametric studies were performed to estimate minimum density and embankment height efficiently to tolerate lateral displacements due to liquefaction. A number of parametric analyses were performed to investigate the relationships among relative densities of sand, ground accelerations, embankment height to excess-pore-pressure and lateral displacement of the embankment. The liquefaction analysis is conducted numerically using a finite difference method FLAC Dynamic 2D software adopting Finn-Byrne constitutive model.
Parameter Identification for Modeling Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Compression to Prevent Concrete Cover Spalling under Severe Earthquake Loading Condition
Authors: Dwi Puspitasari Nia , Piscesa Bambang , Mario M. Attard , Prasetya Dwi , Faimun Faimun , Aji Pujo , Suprobo Priyo
Published: April 2020

The use of steel fiber in concrete material can improves both the strength and the ductility of concrete. The fibers can postpone or mitigate the concrete cover spalling under severe loading conditions such as during an earthquake. In this paper, the behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) under compression is modeled using the Attard and Setunge’s stress-strain model. The parameter identification consisted of the elastic modulus (Ec), the peak strength (/cc), the residual strength (fes), and the peak strain of concrete under compression (ecc). From the investigation, it is found that the models proposed for active confined concrete can be applied for steel fiber reinforced concrete. It was also shown that the axial strain at peak stress increases as the fiber volumetric ratio and fiber aspect ratio increased. A simple formula to predict the approximate value of confining pressure to account for the steel fiber presence is proposed. The verification of the proposed model with the experimental results is presented in detail. Furthermore, insight into the performance of the reinforced concrete column made of SFRC using the fiber-based cross-sectional analysis is sighted.
ASCO-GI 2019: Gallengangskarzinome
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: April 2020

Gallengangskarzinome treten selten auf und weisen eine sehr schlechte Prognose auf. In einer auf dem Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (GICS) vorgestellten offenen Phase-II-Studie führte die Kombination der BRAF- and MEK-Inhibitoren Dabrafenib und Trametinib zu einer objektiven Responserate (ORR) als primärem Endpunkt von 41 % (13/32; 95 % Konfidenzintervall [KI] 24–59 %), so Prof. Zev A. Wainberg, Los Angeles/USA.
Elektive endovaskuläre versus operative Therapie des Bauchaortenaneurysmas – aktuelle Langzeitdaten
Authors: Honig Susanne , Kölbel Tilo , Panuccio Giuseppe , Wipper Sabine , Debus Eike Sebastian
Published: April 2020

Was ist neu?

Aktuelle Studien 4 klinische Studien haben die endovaskuläre Versorgung (endovascular aneurysm bzw. aortic repair, EVAR) und die offen chirurgische Therapie (open repair, OR) des Bauchaortenaneurysmas (BAA) randomisiert prospektiv verglichen: Chronologisch sind dies EVAR 1 (UK), DREAM (Niederlande), OVER (USA) und ACE (Frankreich). Alle 4 Studien sind der Frage nachgegangen, ob die frühe postoperative Überlegenheit der endovaskulären Versorgung im Langzeitverlauf aufrechterhalten bleibt 1
2
3
4
5.

Aktuelle Untersuchungen zur prophylaktischen Netzanlage nach offener BAA-Versorgung belegen, dass die Narbenhernie als wesentliche Langzeitkomplikation nach transabdomineller Aortenrekonstruktion sicher vermieden werden kann 6.

Leitlinienempfehlungen Seit 2018 wurden international 3 große Leitlinien zum abdominellen Aortenaneurysma publiziert 7
8
9, darunter erstmals die deutsche S3-Leitlinie zu Screening, Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des BAA 9.

Langzeitdaten Auf Grundlage der EVAR-1-Studie wurden 2016 die bis dato längsten Follow-up-Daten zum Vergleich von OR und EVAR veröffentlicht, welche die frühe postoperative Überlegenheit von EVAR infrage stellen. Die mittlere Personenjahre-Beobachtung (entweder bis Tod oder Ende der Studie) betrug 8 Jahre 10.

Die offene Therapie des BAA bekommt in diesem Kontext einen neuen Stellenwert und die Indikation zur endovaskulären Therapie sollte mit Hinblick auf den Langzeitverlauf kritisch gestellt werden. Die Indikationsstellung zur invasiven Therapie hat sich nicht verändert und sollte bei Männern – von Ausnahmen abgesehen – erst ab einem Durchmesser von 5,5 cm erfolgen.
Gallengangs- und Gallenblasenkarzinome: auf dem Weg zur personalisierten Therapie
Authors: Sinn Marianne , Wege Henning , Stein Alexander
Published: April 2020

Was ist neu?

Nomenklatur: Überbegriff maligne biliäre Tumoren Unter dem Begriff maligne biliäre Tumoren (engl. biliary tract cancer) werden weiterhin Karzinome der intra- und extrahepatischen Gallengänge und der Gallenblase zusammengefasst, deren auch molekularpathologische Unterschiede immer besser verstanden werden. Als klinisch relevante Veränderungen wurden neben einer Mikrosatelliteninstabilität bisher IDH-1- und BRAF-Mutationen, FGFR-Alterationen sowie eine HER2-Überexpression identifiziert. Eine Vorstellung der betroffenen Patienten in einem molekularen Tumorboard ist zu empfehlen, um potenzielle zielgerichtete Therapieoptionen sowie ggf. eine Studienteilnahme zu evaluieren.

Aktuelle Therapiestandards Patienten nach einer kurativ intendierten Resektion sollte eine adjuvante Chemotherapie mit Capecitabin über 6 Monate angeboten werden. Die Kombination aus Gemcitabin und Cisplatin bleibt etablierter Standard in der palliativen Erstlinientherapie. Patienten in einem guten Allgemeinzustand kann aufgrund der positiven Ergebnisse der randomisierten ABC-06-Studie eine Zweitlinientherapie empfohlen werden.

Personalisierte Therapie Mehr als 50 % aller Patienten mit malignen biliären Tumoren weisen therapierbare genetische Alterationen auf. Erste prospektive Daten belegen den Nutzen einer zielgerichteten Therapie bei diesen Patienten. Deswegen sollte möglichst allen Patienten, die eine palliative Systemtherapie benötigen, frühzeitig ein molekulares Profiling angeboten werden.
Aphasie nach ischämischem Hirninfarkt im links anterioren Thalamus
Authors: Obrig Hellmuth , Krause Thomas , Villringer Kersten , Klostermann Fabian , Nolte Christian H. , Fritsch Merve
Published: April 2020

Aphasie ist ein typisches Symptom links fronto-temporaler Läsionen. Nicht selten werden aphasische Symptome jedoch auch nach subkortikalen Läsionen z. B. im Thalamus beschrieben. Als Ursache für aphasische Symptome bei Thalamusschädigungen vermutet man die Störung eines thalamo-kortikalen Sprachnetzwerkes. Die Rolle des Thalamus in Sprachfunktionen wird in einer Rekrutierung sprachrelevanter, kortikaler Areale im Sinne einer Monitorfunktion vermutet. Wir berichten über einen 72-jährigen Patienten, der nach einem isolierten, links-anterioren Thalamusinfarkt eine expressiv betonte Aphasie gezeigt hat, und geben einen Überblick zu pathophysiologischen Konzepten.
Cariprazine
Authors: Gahr Maximilian , Riedesser Simon
Published: April 2020

Objective Cariprazine is a new antipsychotic drug approved for the treatment of schizophrenia in Europe in 2017. Clinical studies suggest advantages of cariprazine in comparison to other antipsychotic agents regarding therapeutic effects on “negative symptoms”, antipsychotic-induced weight gain and increased serum prolactin levels. Akathisia was reported to be one of the most common side effects. Currently, however, data from naturalistic treatment settings regarding the efficacy, safety and tolerability of cariprazine are missing. Thus, we report and discuss our clinical experiences with cariprazine regarding efficacy, safety and tolerability in order to provide first treatment data from a naturalistic treatment setting.

Material and methods The course of treatment of a series of 3 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and treatment with cariprazine (mono- or combined therapy) is presented and discussed.

Results Cariprazine demonstrated sufficient antipsychotic effects in 2 out of 3 cases; however, in 2 out of 3 cases treatment had to be discontinued due to akathisia/agitation; in 1 case, cariprazine monotherapy facilitated successful normalization of elevated prolactin serum levels (due to combined treatment with risperidone and olanzapine).

Conclusion(s): In general, experience with cariprazine within a naturalistic treatment setting is in accordance with data from clinical studies, particularly concerning effects on “negative symptoms”, antipsychotic-associated elevation of prolactin serum levels and risk of akathisia. The comparatively high incidence of discontinuation of cariprazine due to akathisia/agitation in our case series may be an effect of polypharmacy which was very common among our three cases.

Clinical relevance This case series provides some evidence that safety, tolerability and antipsychotic efficacy of cariprazine in naturalistic treatment settings may be similar to findings from the available clinical studies.
Nierenbeteiligung bei Kollagenosen – Teil 1: Lupus-Nephritis
Authors: Oelzner Peter , Amann Kerstin , Wolf Gunter
Published: April 2020

Die Lupus-Nephritis (LN) tritt in Abhängigkeit von Ethnizität und Geschlecht in bis zu 50% der Patienten mit systemischem Lupus erythematodes (SLE) auf und ist die prognostisch entscheidende Organmanifestation bei SLE. Pathogenetisch wichtige Aspekte des SLE sind eine multifaktoriell bedingte Störung der Clearance von im Rahmen von Apoptose und NETose anfallendem Autoantigen, was in der Entwicklung einer Autoimmunreaktion resultiert, eine Amplifizierung der pathologischen Immunreaktion durch eine Überaktivierung des Typ-I-Interferon-Signalweges und eine Zytokinimbalance. An der Niere manifestiert sich der pathogenetische Prozess in Form einer Immunkomplexglomerulonephritis. Entscheidend für die Prognose der LN sind frühzeitige Diagnose und umgehende Therapieeinleitung. Die Auswahl der medikamentösen Therapie basiert grundsätzlich auf dem Befund der Nierenbiopsie. Bei Vorliegen einer proliferativen LN (Klasse III und IV, auch in Kombination mit einer membranösen LN) erfolgt eine Remissionsinduktion mit einer intravenösen low-dose Cyclophosphamid (CYC) – Therapie (6 x 500 mg) oder mit Mycophenolatmofetil (MMF) kombiniert mit initial hoch dosierten Glukokortikoiden (GK), gefolgt von einer Remissionserhaltung mit Azathioprin oder MMF. Bei Therapie-refraktärer Situation erfolgt der Wechsel von CYC auf MMF oder umgekehrt. Alternativ können auch Rituximab oder Calcineurin-Inhibitoren eingesetzt werden. Bei anderen Formen der LN wird das therapeutische Vorgehen wesentlich durch die Entwicklung der Nierenfunktion und das Ausmaß der Proteinurie bestimmt. Zusätzlich kommen supportive Massnahmen, wie der generelle Einsatz von Hydroxychloroquin, ACE-Hemmer oder Angiotensin-Rezeptor-Blocker in Abhängigkeit vom Ausmaß der Proteinurie und vom Blutdruck, sowie Maßnahmen zur Thromboembolie-, Osteoporose- und Infektionsprophylaxe zur Anwendung.

Ziele der Therapie sind eine möglichst komplette renale Remission, die Vermeidung chronischer Schäden und eine effektive Reduktion von GK. Eine komplette Remission, welche sich über den Erhalt einer normalen Nierenfunktion und eine effektive Reduktion der Proteinurie definiert, wird in ca. 50–60% erreicht. Dies unterstreicht einerseits die Effektivität der aktuellen Therapie, beleuchtet aber auch die Notwendigkeit neuer Therapiestrategien, gerade auch in Anbetracht der hohen Rate chronischer Schäden.

Neue therapeutische Ansätze wie Multitarget-Therapie und neue Protokolle zur B-Zell-Depletion und -Neutralisation sowie weitgehend GK-freie Behandlungsprinzipien zielen auf eine noch effektivere und Nebenwirkungs-ärmere Therapie der LN.
Q-Fieber – seltene Ursache einer Myokarditis
Authors: Steffen Julius , Bogner Johannes , Huber Bruno C.
Published: April 2020

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Ein 33-jähriger Koch stellte sich notfallmäßig mit Angina pectoris und Schüttelfrost sowie signifikant erhöhten Troponin-, CK- und CRP-Werten vor.

Untersuchungen Eine koronare Herzerkrankung wurde koronarangiografisch ausgeschlossen. Der Verdacht auf eine akute Myokarditis erhärtete sich später MR-morphologisch.

Diagnostik Aufgrund von Fieberschüben und Berufsanamnese vermuteten wir eine Q-Fieber-Erkrankung, die sich serologisch bestätigte.

Therapie und Verlauf Unter antimikrobieller Therapie sistierte das Fieber und der Patient konnte wenige Tage später entlassen werden. Zur Vermeidung einer Chronifizierung empfahlen wir eine mehrwöchige Azithromycin-Therapie. Nach 1 Monat imponierte der Patient in einem guten klinischen Zustand ohne Zeichen einer Herzinsuffizienz oder Anhalt für eine persistierende Infektion.

Folgerung Myokarditis ist eine sehr seltene Erscheinungsform von Q-Fieber, die nicht übersehen werden sollte. Die Diagnostik mittels Antikörpertiter ist leicht durchführbar. Die antibiotische Therapie ist gut verträglich, behandelt die Myokarditis kausal und dient der Vermeidung von Langzeitschäden.
Befragung von Ärzten zum Umgang mit dem Thema „Tabakkonsum bei Patienten mit Lungenkrebs“
Authors: Bleckwenn Markus , Kaluç Asya , Zipfel Mathias , Schnakenberg Rieke , Brossart Peter , Weckbecker Klaus
Published: April 2020

Einleitung Etwa 40 % der Patienten sind bei der Diagnosestellung Lungenkrebs aktive Raucher. Die Hälfte dieser Patienten setzt den Nikotinkonsum trotz bestehender Krebserkrankung fort. Die Gesamtsterblichkeit liegt bei diesen Patienten um den Faktor 3 höher. Zudem steigt die Lebensqualität und Symptome wie Husten und Luftnot werden reduziert.

Fragestellung Wie gehen die behandelnden Ärzte mit dem Tabakkonsum ihrer Patienten mit Lungenkrebs um?

Methoden Es wurden insgesamt 14 Ärzte des Universitätsklinikums Bonn aus den Abteilungen Pneumologie, Onkologie und Thoraxchirurgie befragt, die in die Behandlung des Lungenkrebses eingebunden sind. Die Interviews wurden transkribiert und nach der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring mit MAXQDA® 12 ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Ärzte gingen sehr individuell mit dem Nikotinkonsum ihrer Patienten um. Dabei orientierten sich die Ärzte vorwiegend an der möglichen Lebenserwartung der Patienten. Bei einem kurativen Behandlungsansatz setzten die Ärzte einen Rauchstopp bei ihren Patienten für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung voraus. Im Rahmen einer palliativen Behandlung wollten viele Ärzte ihren Patienten die Belastung einer Raucherentwöhnung nicht mehr zumuten. Kam der Wunsch nach einer Entwöhnungstherapie beim Patienten auf, wurde in der Regel auf Kollegen verwiesen, die in Raucherentwöhnung geschult waren. Hindernisse für die selbstständige Durchführung einer Raucherentwöhnung waren insbesondere fehlende Kenntnisse und kurze Behandlungszeiten bzw. eine hohe Anzahl an Patienten, vor allem während der Sprechstunde.

Diskussion Die Ärzte waren durchaus vom Nutzen eines Rauchstopps bei der Behandlung des Lungenkarzinoms überzeugt. Patienten mit Lungenkrebs würden davon profitieren, wenn die Raucherentwöhnung noch mehr in die Gesamttherapie integriert wäre. Dazu könnte man auf bereits etablierte Entwöhnungsprogramme und Konzepte für Kliniken zurückgreifen.
Innovative rheumatologische und osteologische Medikation im Kontext
der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz – Was ist
möglich?
Authors: Pfeil Alexander , Busch Martin , Lupp Amelie , Lehmann Gabriele , Oelzner Peter , Wolf Gunter
Published: April 2020

Die chronische Niereninsuffizienz stellt eine häufige
Komorbidität bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen dar. Durch die
Einführung der biologischen und der targeted synthetischen
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARD) konnte eine Verbesserung der
Behandlungsoptionen entzündlich-rheumatischer Erkrankungen erreicht
werden. Valide Daten zum Einsatz biologischer DMARD in der Behandlung
rheumatischer Grunderkrankungen und dem gleichzeitigen Vorhandensein einer
chronischen Niereninsuffizienz sind sehr begrenzt vorhanden. Bezüglich
der targeted synthetischen DMARD bestehen Anwendungsbeschränkungen bei
Patienten mit einer rheumatischen Erkrankung und einer chronischen
Niereninsuffizienz. Des Weiteren stellt die sekundäre Osteoporose eine
Hauptkomorbidität bei Patienten mit entzündlich-rheumatischen
Erkrankungen dar, welche hauptsächlich durch den Einsatz von
Bisphosphonaten therapiert wird. Bei einer eingeschränkten
Nierenfunktion (glomeruläre Filtrationsrate <
30 ml/min) besteht eine Kontraindikation für den Einsatz
von Bisphosphonaten, sodass hier Denosumab als einzige antiresorptive
Therapieoption zur Verfügung steht. Neuere Langzeitdaten haben gezeigt,
dass nach der Beendigung der Denosumab-Therapie mit einem Anstieg der
Frakturrate zu rechnen ist. Aus diesem Grund kann eine Therapie mit Denosumab
nicht ohne ein anschließendes Therapieverfahren beendet werden oder die
Denosumab-Therapie muss unbegrenzt fortgesetzt werden.
Empfehlungen der DGPRM zu Struktur und Ausstattung von
Akutkrankenhäusern bezüglich
Physikalisch-medizinischer/rehabilitativer Maßnahmen in
Intensivmedizin und Intermediate Care
Authors: Gutenbrunner Christoph , Glaesener Jean Jacques , Reißhauer Anett , Schwarzkopf Susanne , Sturm Christian
Published: April 2020

Trotz wissenschaftlicher Studien, dass
physikalisch-medizinische/rehabilitative Maßnahmen in
Intensivtherapie- und Intermediate Care-Einheiten wirksam sind, werden diese in
verschiedenen Kliniken sehr unterschiedlich gehandhabt, insbesondere in Bezug
auf angewandte Therapieformen, deren Dosierung und die Integration in das
gesamte Therapie- und Pflegekonzept. Aus diesen Gründen hat die Deutsche
Gesellschaft für Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin (DGPRM)
aufgrund von Literaturrecherchen und im Expertenkonsens die folgenden
Empfehlungen zu Struktur und Ausstattung von Akutkrankenhäusern
bezüglich physikalisch-medizinischer/rehabilitativer
Maßnahmen in Intensivmedizin und Intermediate Care erstellt. Dabei
handelt es sich nicht um eine klinische Leitlinie zur Therapieanwendung im
Einzelfall, sondern soll begründete Empfehlungen für die
personelle und apparative Mindestausstattung von Intensiv- und Intermediate
Care-Einheiten liefern. Sie besteht aus Definitionen, den eigentlichen
Empfehlungen und Hinweisen zur Umsetzung.
Palladium-Catalyzed Silylation of Aryl Chlorides with Bulky Dialkoxydisilanes
Authors: Shimokawa Jun , Yorimitsu Hideki , Fukui Keitaro , Saito Hayate
Published: April 2020

Arylsilanes bearing a bulky alkoxy group on the silicon were synthesized from aryl chlorides and dialkoxydisilanes under reaction conditions utilizing SingaCycle-A3 as a palladium precatalyst and lithium benzoate in wet DMA. This report proposes the first direct and catalytic method for introducing tert-butoxy- or 1-adamantyloxysilyl groups onto various aryl moieties through the silylation reaction.
Is the Laparotomy Here to Stay? A Review of the Disadvantages of Laparoscopy
Authors: Gulack Brian C. , Wong Kaitlyn , Sparks Eric , Ramjist Joshua , Zhu Haitao , Pierro Agostino
Published: April 2020

Minimally invasive procedures have seen increasing utilization in the pediatric patient population since the 1990s. Most thoracic and abdominal operations in pediatric surgery can be performed in a minimally invasive manner including those performed in neonates and infants. Thoracoscopic or laparoscopic operations can reduce hospital length of stay, minimize postoperative pain, and lead to more aesthetic results. However, it is important to be aware of the inherent risks, limitations, and adverse effects associated with these thoracoscopic and laparoscopic techniques, particularly in special populations. In this article, we will review the risks and limitations of laparoscopy in pediatric patients such as cost, operative time, reduced effectiveness, air embolism, hypercarbia, hypothermia, and access-related injuries.
Cadaveric Bilateral Transhumeral Upper Limb Transplantation: Journey to the Next level
Authors: Dinesh Kumar S , Aggarwal Abhinav , Chittoria Ravi Kumar , Thiruvoth Friji Meethale , Mohapatra Devi Prasad , Chavan Vinayak , Gupta Saurabh , Reddy Chirra Likhitha
Published: April 2020

Organ transplant has, arguably, been the pinnacle of the advancement in medical science so far and vascularized composite allotransplantation has been the most recent addition to it. The scope of vascularized tissue allotransplantation has been widening with each passing day and more and more reports regarding the safety and efficacy of the procedure have been described.

Due to the limited available literature on the management of the complications and implications of the hand transplant, the importance of each report on the procedure is paramount.

A mid-arm allotransplant is a challenge in terms of expected motor recovery, and many controversies exist over the efficacy of the procedure altogether. Moreover, our case was complicated by a long ischemia time due to logistic reasons.

We share our experience of a transhumeral upper limb allotransplantation, the complications associated with it along with the early postoperative results at 10 months follow up.
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction with a Free Fibula Flap after Internal Extended Hemipelvectomy
Authors: Cavadas Pedro C. , Téllez-Palacios Daniela
Published: April 2020

Major pelvic resections for malignant tumors are infrequent and have significant morbidity and mortality, for instance, incisional hernias are postoperative complications uncommonly reported probably because most cases are overshadowed by more serious complications. Reconstruction depends on the extent of the resection and overall prognosis of the patient. A case of a late complex hypogastric and femoral incisional hernia after extended hemipelvectomy for recurrent osteosarcoma treated with distal abdominal wall fixation into a free fibula flap is reported.
Measurement of internal magnetic flux density distribution in air-core toroidal transformer under high-frequency excitation
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuki , Okuda Takafumi , Hikihara Takashi
Published: April 2020

An investigation of air-core toroidal transformers has been undertaken to enable power converters to achieve megahertz operation. The characteristics of the air-core toroidal transformer govern the behaviors of the internal magnetic flux of the transformer. Understanding the behaviors at an above-megahertz level is a key issue in the design of the air-core toroidal transformer. This paper discusses the internal magnetic flux density distribution in the air-core toroidal transformer under high-frequency excitation. We propose a measurement method for the distribution and show the obtained results under a sinusoidal excitation with an amplitude of 1.5 A and a frequency of 1 MHz. The results reveal a non-uniform distribution in the tangential and normal directions. The cause of this non-uniformity was found to be the structure of the air-core toroidal transformer. In addition, the validity of the proposed measurement method was confirmed by comparing the experimentally obtained results with a numerical estimation using the Biot–Savart law. These results suggest that the proposed measurement method is capable of investigating the distributed characteristics of air-core toroidal transformers under megahertz excitation.
Plasma sheath material induced dependence due to secondary electron emission
Authors: Pigeon V. , Claire N. , Arnas C. , Terasaka K. , Inagaki S.
Published: April 2020

Plasma sheaths in front of six different material samples (BN, BNSiO2, Al2O3, SiO2, stainless steel, and silicon) used in various experiments and devices (Hall thrusters, plasma discharge, and microelectronics) are studied using the laser induced fluorescence diagnostic. The specific secondary electron emission (SEE) yield of each material is expected to induce differences in the sheath structure from one sample to another. The experiments are carried out in two different plasma discharges (multipolar device and ECR device), exhibiting distinct electron distribution functions: bi-Maxwellian and Maxwellian. The agreement between the two experiments is good and allows us to classify the materials in a consistent way regarding their SEE yields. The multipolar experiment results are compared to a 1D kinetic sheath model and a 1D-1 V kinetic sheath simulation code. The predictions of the model are discussed and are in good agreement with previous theory. The influence of the low energy impinging electrons on the SEE yield and emissive sheaths is investigated with the code.
Epitaxial growth of CH3NH3PbI3 on rubrene single crystal
Authors: Miyadera Tetsuhiko , Auchi Yuto , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Yaguchi Hiroyuki , Chikamatsu Masayuki
Published: April 2020

CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films were grown epitaxially on rubrene single crystals using the laser deposition method for the supply of the source materials (PbI2 and CH3NH3I). An atomically smooth surface with step-and-terrace structures was observed. Several types of crystal orientation were observed, which were dependent on the growth temperature and deposition conditions. For room temperature growth, the crystal orientation was correlated with the orientation of PbI2, which was also found to be grown epitaxially on the rubrene single crystal. In contrast, for growth at elevated temperatures, the crystal orientation with the smallest mismatch between rubrene and perovskite is produced. The construction of atomically ordered ideal perovskite crystals was verified. Moreover, a novel phenomenon was revealed where the octahedral PbI6 unit of PbI2 rotates vertically while retaining its lateral orientation. This growth mechanism results in a layer-by-layer growth and the construction of epitaxial perovskite films with atomic-order flat surfaces.
Choice of reference, influence of non-additivity, and present challenges in thermodynamic perturbation theory for mixtures
Authors: Hammer Morten , Aasen Ailo , Ervik Åsmund , Wilhelmsen Øivind
Published: April 2020

This work revisits the fundamentals of thermodynamic perturbation theory for fluid mixtures. The choice of reference and governing assumptions can profoundly influence the accuracy of the perturbation theory. The statistical associating fluid theory for variable range interactions of the generic Mie form equation of state is used as a basis to evaluate three choices of hard-sphere reference fluids: single component, additive mixture, and non-additive mixture. Binary mixtures of Lennard-Jones fluids are investigated, where the ratios of σ (the distance where the potential is zero) and the ratios of ϵ (the well depth) are varied. By comparing with Monte Carlo simulations and results from the literature, we gauge the accuracy of different theories. A perturbation theory with a single-component reference gives inaccurate predictions when the σ-ratio differs significantly from unity but is otherwise applicable. Non-additivity becomes relevant in phase-equilibrium calculations for fluids with high ϵ-ratios or when the mixing rule of σ incorporates non-additivity through an adjustable parameter. This can be handled in three ways: by using a non-additive hard-sphere reference, by incorporating an extra term in the additive hard-sphere reference, or with a single-component reference when the σ-ratio is close to unity. For σ- and ϵ-ratios that differ significantly from unity, the perturbation theories overpredict the phase-equilibrium pressures regardless of reference. This is particularly pronounced in the vicinity of the critical region for mixtures with high ϵ-ratios. By comparing with Monte Carlo simulations where we compute the terms in the perturbation theory directly, we find that the shortcomings of the perturbation theory stem from an inaccurate representation of the second- and third-order perturbation terms, a2 and a3. As mixtures with molecules that differ significantly in size and depths of their interaction potentials are often encountered in industrial and natural applications, further development of the perturbation theory based on these results is an important future work.
High-resolution infrared spectroscopy of jet cooled CH2Br radicals: The symmetric CH stretch manifold and absence of nuclear spin cooling
Authors: Kortyna Andrew , Doney Kirstin , Nesbitt D. J.
Published: April 2020

Direct laser absorption of a slit supersonic discharge expansion provides the first high-resolution spectroscopic results on the symmetric CH stretch excitation (ν1) of the bromomethyl (CH2Br) radical in the ground electronic state. Narrowband (<1 MHz) mid-infrared radiation is produced by difference-frequency generation of two visible laser beams, with the open shell halohydrocarbon radical generated by electron dissociative attachment of CH2Br2 in a discharge and rapidly cooled to Trot = 18 ± 1 K in the subsequent slit-jet supersonic expansion. A rovibrational structure in the radical spectrum is fully resolved, as well as additional splittings due to spin-rotation effects and 79Br/81Br isotopologues in natural abundance. Spectroscopic constants and band origins are determined by fitting the transition frequencies to a non-rigid Watson Hamiltonian, yielding results consistent with a vibrationally averaged planar radical and an unpaired electron in the out-of-plane pπ orbital. Additionally, extensive satellite band structure from a vibrational hot band is observed and analyzed. The hot band data is compared to CFOUR/VPT2 (CCSD(T)cc-pVQZ) ab initio anharmonic predictions of the vibration rotation alpha matrix, which permits unambiguous assignment to CH2 symmetric-stretch excitation built on the singly excited CH2 out-of-plane bending mode (ν1 + ν4 ← ν4). Longitudinal cooling of the Doppler width in the slit-jet expansion geometry also reveals partially resolved hyperfine structure on transitions out of the lowest angular momentum states in excellent agreement with predictions based on microwave studies. High level ab initio MOLPRO calculations [CCSD(T)-f12b/VnZ-f12 (n = 3, 4, CBS)] are also performed with explicitly correlated f12 electron methods for the out-of-plane CH2 bending mode over the halogen series CH2X (X = F, Cl, Br, I), which clearly reveals a non-planar geometry for X = F (with a ΔE ≈ 0.3 kcal/mol barrier) and yet planar equilibrium geometries for X = Cl, Br, and I. Finally, a detailed Boltzmann analysis of the transition intensities provides support for negligible collisional equilibration of the entangled H atom nuclear spin states on the few hundred microsecond time scale and high collision densities of a slit supersonic expansion.
New approaches for achieving more perfect transition metal oxide thin films
Authors: MacManus-Driscoll J. L. , Wells Matthew P. , Yun Chao , Lee Jung-Woo , Eom Chang-Beom , Schlom Darrell G.
Published: April 2020

This perspective considers the enormous promise of epitaxial functional transition metal oxide thin films for future applications in low power electronic and energy applications since they offer wide-ranging and highly tunable functionalities and multifunctionalities, unrivaled among other classes of materials. It also considers the great challenges that must be overcome for transition metal oxide thin films to meet what is needed in the application domain. These challenges arise from the presence of intrinsic defects and strain effects, which lead to extrinsic defects. Current conventional thin film deposition routes often cannot deliver the required perfection and performance. Since there is a strong link between the physical properties, defects and strain, routes to achieving more perfect materials need to be studied. Several emerging methods and modifications of current methods are presented and discussed. The reasons these methods better address the perfection challenge are considered and evaluated.
Structural effects on carrier doping in carbon nanotube thin-film transistors
Authors: Gao Yanlin , Okada Susumu
Published: April 2020

Based on density functional theory, we studied the electronic properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films under an external electric field. The carrier accumulation resulting from an electric field depends slightly on the CNT species that form the thin films and their arrangement with respect to the electrode. Although most of the carriers are accumulated in the CNTs located at the electrode side, wave function hybridization between semiconducting CNTs slightly enhances the carrier penetration into the opposite CNT layer. Metallic CNTs strongly depress or enhance the carrier penetration for the thin films when they are located at the electrode side or not, respectively.
A Hard Science Spoken Word List
Authors: Dang Thi Ngoc Yen
Published: April 2020

A Hard Science Spoken Word List (HSWL) was developed and validated to help second language learners of hard sciences better comprehend academic speech at English-medium universities. It consists of the 1,595 most frequent and wide ranging word families in a 6.5-million running word hard science spoken corpus which represents 12 subjects across two equally-sized sub-corpora. Its coverage in different discourse types indicates that the HSWL truly reflects the language in hard science academic speech. The comparison between the HSWL with Dang, Coxhead, and Webb’s (2017) Academic Spoken Word List shows that the HSWL focuses more on specialized vocabulary in hard science speech. Depending on their vocabulary levels, learners may achieve 93%–96% coverage of hard science academic speech with knowledge of the HSWL words.
Loanword proportion in vocabulary size tests
Authors: Laufer Batia , Levitzky-Aviad Tami
Published: April 2020

We investigated the effect of English-Hebrew loanwords on English vocabulary test scores when the number of loanwords in the test is random and when it is representative of their proportion in the vocabulary lists from which the test items were taken. 303 EFL learners, speakers of Hebrew as L1, at three L2 proficiency levels, received tests with no loanwords, with a representative number of loanwords and with a random number of loanwords in four modalities: word form recall, word meaning recall, word form recognition, word meaning recognition. Though different effects were found for different modalities and different language proficiencies, the score increases from the representative loanword test version to the random loanword version were low and the effect sizes of the differences were very low. We suggest that the inclusion of loanwords in vocabulary tests may not inflate the true vocabulary knowledge score.
A comparative study of how and why in Taiwan Southern Min and Mandarin
Chinese
Authors: Lau Seng-Hian , Tsai Wei-Tien Dylan
Published: April 2020

From looking into the same and different properties of how and why between
Taiwan Southern Min and Mandarin Chinese, this paper aims to explain the post-verbal how construction with
negative speaker attitude. Based on our observations and findings of the specific usages of sī and
leh, we propose an analysis for the construction in question. According to our analysis, this construction is
not a simple product of a single element, but a composition of sī and leh, which together
generate the negative speaker attitude, and the verb with a post-verbal how, which produce a causal
how reading.
Synchronic and diachronic phonology of Lavïa
Authors: Sun Jackson T.-S.
Published: April 2020

Lavïa, spoken in a belt across both sides of the Yunnan-Myanmar border, is an under-researched Wa language falling
under the Waic subgroup of Palaungic in the Austroasiatic language family. This study investigates the sound system of Lavïa and
traces its development from an ancestral Proto-Wa-Lawa phonological system. Modern Lavïa phonology is characterized by
well-preserved sesquisyllablic structure, rich inventories of consonant and vocalic clusters, and lack of phonemic tone or
phonation. Diachronically, Lavïa shows widely attested Waic sound changes as well as certain distinctive innovations which, among
other things, yielded voiceless nasals and caused huge upheavals in its vocalic system. These diagnostic innovations help define
Lavïa’s unique position within the Wa language cluster.
Light verb ellipsis constructions in Korean
Authors: Yim Changguk
Published: April 2020

Drawing on the fact that the light verbha- ‘do’ in Korean may or may not be elided in negative sentences, I offer a syntactic analysis for the light verb ellipsis in which the various types of light verbs belong to distinct heads, such asv, Appl, and Voice. Hierarchically, they occupy different syntactic positions. Thus, the light verb ellipsis ascribes itself to a syntactic hierarchy. The ellipsis behavior of various types of the light verb distinguishes them in a way that implicates structure, not other factors, such as semantics. The syntactic analysis put forth here constitutes substantive evidence supporting the configurational theory of argument structures in which different theta roles can be mapped into various syntactic positions.
The best parametrization for solving the boundary value problem for the system of differential-algebraic equations with delay
Authors: Afanaseva M N , Vasilyev A N , Kuznetsov E B , Tarkhov D A
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we considered the numerical approach for solving a nonlinear boundary value problem for the system of differential-algebraic equations with delay argument. The shooting method is used to solve the boundary value problem. The Newton method is used to find the parameter of shooting. To overcome the difficulties associated with the choice of the initial approximation we apply E. Lahaye’s parameter continuation method. If the curve of the solution contains limit points, the method diverges. Then to find the parameter we used the method of continuation with respect to the best parameter - the length of the curve of the solution set. The solution is constructed by advancing the sequence of values of the parameter. With a discrete continuation, the initial-value problem is transformed by a finite-difference representation of the derivatives and entering the best argument and the corresponding equation of hypersphere. The resulting system is solved using the Newton method. To find the values of the functions at the delay point Lagrange polynomial with three points is used. An example of the behavior of an elastoviscoplastic rod is considered.
Research of the stress distribution in ceramic composite with bone tissue inclusions
Authors: Mikushina V A , Smolin I Yu
Published: April 2020

Numerical investigation of features of statistical stress distribution and stress state heterogeneities of the composite “zirconia-based ceramics—cortical bone tissue” is presented in this paper. The finite-difference method is used for modeling the mechanical behavior of composite. Deformation and fracture processes are described using the constitutive model of the elastic-brittle material with damage accumulation and degradation of elastic moduli. Additionally, a fracture criterion based on limiting value of negative pressure in tension regions is used. The effective characteristics (mechanical properties) of the composite were determined on the basis of the data on the mechanical properties of its constituents. Values of effective stress and strain corresponding to the macroscopic fracture: σ = 155 MPa and ε = 0.56 % were found. The evolution of statistical stress distribution in the components of the composite was studied. It was shown that damage accumulation significantly affects the form of stress distribution at the final stages of deformation. Both ceramic matrix and bone tissue inclusions were found to be fractured, bone tissue being fractured under tensile pressure predominantly.
Effect of mechanical pre-activation on the nitriding of aluminum ferrosilicon in the combustion mode
Authors: Bolgaru K A , Akulinkin A A , Kryukova O G
Published: April 2020

A ceramic β-SiAlON-based composite is obtained by the SHS method using aluminum ferrosilicon as a raw material. The effect of mechanical pre-activation of a reaction mixture on the nitriding of aluminum ferrosilicon is studied. Mechanical activation of initial powders initiates SHS reaction at lower pressures and diameters, i.e. expands the parameters of combustion of aluminum ferrosilicon in nitrogen. It is shown that the nitriding of mechanically activated powders in the combustion mode can be used to obtain products with a higher nitrogen content. The products were investigated thoroughly. XRD analysis showed the presence of major phase β-Si3Al3O3N. As being one of the most widely used structural ceramics for various applications, exhibits excellent mechanical strength and superior high temperature properties.
Effect of mechanical activation and ferritization on the phase composition of W-type hexaferrites obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
Authors: Minin R V , Itin V I , Zhuravlev V A
Published: April 2020

Hexagonal oxide W-type ferrimagnetic powders (BaCo0.7Zn1,3Fe16O27) are obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in combination with preliminary or further mechanochemical activation in a high-energy unit and ferritization. The data on the phase composition, structural parameters and fundamental magnetic properties of synthesized ferrimagnetic used to create effective absorbers of electromagnetic radiation in the range of natural ferrimagnetic resonance frequencies are presented. Dispersion of the SHS product is found to significantly affects the value of the effective constant of magnetic crystallographic anisotropy. To explain this fact, a model that considers the contribution to magnetic anisotropy from magnetoelastic interaction and a perturbed near-surface layer, which are additive, is used. SHS with further mechanical activation and fine grinding shows that the mechanical treatment of the SHS product in a high-energy unit (planetary mill) is a way of controlling the magnetic properties of oxide hexagonal ferrimagnetic and, in this sense, affects like chemical doping