bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Strategy Towards Eleven‐Membered Carbocycles via Novel Synthetic Transformations of Pentafulvenes.
Authors: Krishnan K. Syam , Kuthanapillil Jinesh M. , Rajan Rani , Suresh E. , Radhakrishnan K. V.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Enyne and Ring‐Closing Metathesis Cascade: A Building‐Block Approach Suitable for Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Macroheterocycles with Amino Acid Scaffolds.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Singh Kuldeep
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐ and (Z)‐Fluoroalkenylboronates Using 2‐Fluoroalkylideneiodonium Ylides Generated from (2‐Fluoro‐1‐alkenyl)iodonium Salts.
Authors: Guan Tong , Yoshida Masanori , Hara Shoji
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchonine‐Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Michael Addition of α‐Lithiated Phosphonates to Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Rai Vishal , Mobin Shaikh M. , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (+)‐Upial.
Authors: Takahashi Kazunori , Watanabe Masayuki , Honda Toshio
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Gleenol and (.+‐.)‐Axenol via a Functionalized Spiro[4.5]decane.
Authors: Nakazaki Atsuo , Era Tomohiro , Kobayashi Susumu
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nardal, a New Sesquiterpene Aldehyde from the Plant, Nardostachys jatamansi DC.
Authors: Rao G. Venkateswara , Annamalai T. , Mukhopadhyay T.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Clerodane Diterpenoid Glucosides (I) and Other Constituents from the Roots of Elsholtzia bodinieri Van′t.
Authors: Hu Haobin , Cao Hong , Jian Yufeng , Zheng Xudong , Liu Jianxin
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐12‐Methoxyherbertenediol Dimethyl Ether.
Authors: Srikrishna A. , Kumar S. Ratna , Ravikumar P. C.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Conditions for the Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Methyl‐α‐amino Acids with the Use of Cinchona Ammonium Salts as Phase‐Transfer Organocatalysts.
Authors: Chinchilla Rafael , Najera Carmen , Ortega Francisco J.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Methyl Silanediol Peptide Mimics.
Authors: Nielsen Lone , Lindsay Karl B. , Faber Jesper , Nielsen Niels Christian , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrone [2 + 3]‐Cycloadditions in Stereocontrolled Synthesis of a Potent Proteasome Inhibitor: (‐)‐Omuralide (I).
Authors: Legeay Jean‐Christophe , Langlois Nicole
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Di‐tert‐butyl‐dicarbonate Both as a Protecting and Activating Group in the Synthesis of Dipeptides.
Authors: Laulloo S. Jhaumeer , Khodaboccus A. , Hemraz U. , Sunnassee S.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Influence of Electronic Factors on Palladium‐Mediated Cycloisomerization: A Systematic Investigation of Competitive 5‐exo‐dig versus 6‐endo‐dig Cyclizations of Sugar Alkynols.
Authors: Ramana C. V. , Mallik Rosy , Gonnade Rajesh G.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: IPy2BF4/HF‐Pyridine: A New Combination of Reagent for the Transformation of Partially Unprotected Thioglycosides and n‐Pentenyl Glycosides to Glycosyl Fluorides.
Authors: Lopez J. Cristobal , Bernal‐Albert Paloma , Uriel Clara , Valverde Serafin , Gomez Ana M.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Carbohydrate Acridinone Derivatives (III) with Potential Biological Activities Using 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Fascio Mirta L. , D'Accorso Norma Beatriz , Pellon Rolando F. , Docampo Maite L.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Absolute Configuration of Myrobotinol, New Fused‐Hexacyclic Alkaloid Skeleton from Myrioneuron nutans.
Authors: Pham Van Cuong , Jossang Akino , Sevenet Thierry , Nguyen Van Hung , Bodo Bernard
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Metabolites from the Wood‐Decayed Fungus Xylaria sp. BCC 9653.
Authors: Pongcharoen Wipapan , Rukachaisirikul Vatcharin , Isaka Masahiko , Sriklung Kanlayanee
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐ and Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of 16‐Methyl‐8(Z)‐heptadecenoic and 16‐Methyl‐6(Z)‐heptadecenoic Acids (VI).
Authors: Kaur Jasamrit , Kaur Irvinder , Sonu Sonu , Kad Goverdhan L. , Singh Jasvinder
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation, Enantioselective Total Synthesis and Structure Determination of the Anthrapyran Metabolite SS 43405‐e.
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Singidi Ramakrishna Reddy , Gericke Kersten M. , Boeckemeier Henning , Laatsch Hartmut
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Highly β‐Selective Ribosylation Reaction Without Using Neighboring Group Participation: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Caprazol (I), a Core Structure of Caprazamycins.
Authors: Hirano Shinpei , Ichikawa Satoshi , Matsuda Akira
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionothermal Synthesis of Oriented Zeolite AEL Films and Their Application as Corrosion‐Resistant Coatings.
Authors: Cai Rui , Sun Minwei , Chen Zhongwei , Munoz Ronnie , O'Neill Cory , Beving Derek E. , Yan Yushan
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Template‐Directed Synthesis of Oxide Nanotubes: Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications
Authors: Bae Changdeuck , Yoo Hyunjun , Kim Sihyeong , Lee Kyungeun , Kim Jiyoung , Sung Myung M. , Shin Hyunjung
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallization of Mesoporous Metal Oxides
Authors: Kondo Junko N. , Domen Kazunari
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of Silicon Tetrafluoride Complexes with N‐ and O‐Donor Ligands
Authors: Gel'mbol'dt V. O. , Koroeva L. V. , Ennan A. A.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: catena‐Phosphorus Cations
Authors: Dyker C. Adam , Burford Neil
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona‐Modified Platinum Catalysts: From Ligand Acceleration to Technical Processes
Authors: Blaser Hans‐Ulrich , Studer Martin
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Prochiral Amino Ketones to Amino Alcohols for Pharmaceutical Use
Authors: Klingler Franz Dietrich
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiomerically Enriched Allylic Alcohols and Allylic Amines via C—C Bond‐Forming Hydrogenation: Asymmetric Carbonyl and Imine Vinylation
Authors: Skucas Eduardas , Ngai Ming‐Yu , Komanduri Venukrishnan , Krische Michael J.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Olefins
Authors: Roseblade Stephen J. , Pfaltz Andreas
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Substituted Organic Peroxides: Synthetic Strategies for a Biologically Important Class of gem‐Dihydroperoxide and Perketal Derivatives.
Authors: Zmitek Katja , Zupan Marko , Iskra Jernej
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemical Versatility of Natural‐Product Assembly Lines
Authors: Walsh Christopher T.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitors of Fabl, an Enzyme Drug Target in the Bacterial Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathway
Authors: Lu Hao , Tonge Peter J.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Combinatorial Synthesis of Fungal Metabolites Beauveriolides, Novel Antiatherosclerotic Agents
Authors: Tomoda Hiroshi , Doi Takayuki
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Function‐Oriented Synthesis, Step Economy, and Drug Design
Authors: Wender Paul A. , Verma Vishal A. , Paxton Thomas J. , Pillow Thomas H.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges in Modern Drug Discovery: A Case Study of Boceprevir, an HCV Protease Inhibitor for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Njoroge F. George , Chen Kevin X. , Shih Neng‐Yang , Piwinski John J.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Automated Oligosaccharide Synthesis
Authors: Seeberger Peter H.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Targeted Cancer Therapy: Conferring Specificity to Cytotoxic Drugs
Authors: Chari Ravi V. J.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Potentiometric Ion Sensors
Authors: Bobacka Johan , Ivaska Ari , Lewenstam Andrzej
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vegetable Tannins — Lessons of a Phytochemical Lifetime
Authors: Haslam Edwin
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Characterization of Genes Involved in Pyridine Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Tobacco
Authors: Oksman‐Caldentey Kirsi‐Marja
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From Waste Products to Ecochemicals: Fifty Years Research of Plant Secondary Metabolism
Authors: Hartmann Thomas
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Status of Metabolic Phytochemistry
Authors: Petersen Maike
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoflavonoids in Non‐Leguminous Taxa: A Rarity or a Rule?
Authors: Lapcik Oldrich
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Insects Feeding on Plants: Rapid Signals and Responses Preceding the Induction of Phytochemical Release
Authors: Maffei Massimo E. , Mithoefer Axel , Boland Wilhelm
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy
Authors: Phillipson J. David
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Ionic Liquids in the Chemical Industry
Authors: Plechkova Natalia V. , Seddon Kenneth R.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA Biosensors and Microarrays
Authors: Sassolas Audrey , Leca‐Bouvier Beatrice D. , Blum Loic J.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorous Nanoflow Microreactor: Nanoflow Microreactor with Fluorous Lanthanoid Catalysts for Increase in Reactivity and Selectivity
Authors: Mikami Koichi , Tonoi Takayuki
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Adventures in Inner Space: Microflow Systems for Practical Organic Synthesis
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Rahman Md. Taifur , Sato Masaaki , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Advances in Chromatographic Techniques in Phytochemistry
Authors: Marston Andrew
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Current Status of Chemical Systematics
Authors: Waterman Peter G.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Orientation Ordering of Nanoparticle Ag/Co Cores Controlled by Electric and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Gmucová Katarína , Weis Martin , Nádaždy Vojtech , Majková Eva
Published: April 2008

The effect of electric and magnetic fields on the sandwich structure Pt/hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H)/stearic acid monolayer/Langmuir–Blodgett film of Ag/Co nanoparticles encapsulated in an organic envelope is studied. This structure is used as a working electrode in an electrochemical cell filled with NaCl solution (1 mM) and equipped with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Reversible changes in voltammograms are observed due to treatments (negative or positive bias voltage and simultaneous laser irradiation) applied to the designed structure before measurements. As an explanation of the observed phenomena we suggest that both the Co‐up and Ag‐up (on the a‐Si:H surface) orientation orderings of nanoparticle Ag/Co cores are repeatedly reached. The role of the photovoltaic material (a‐Si:H) in the observed behavior is explained. Voltammetric measurements with an applied magnetic field support our idea about the orientation ordering of nanoparticle cores.
Supplementation with high‐oleic sunflower oil and α‐tocopheryl acetate: Effects on pork meat lipids
Authors: Boselli Emanuele , Pacetti Deborah , Lucci Paolo , Di Lecce Giuseppe , Frega Natale G.
Published: April 2008

The effects of a dietary administration of high‐oleic sunflower oil (O) (about 85% oleic acid) to pigs, either or not in combination with α‐tocopheryl acetate (E), were assessed with regard to the composition of the triacylglycerols, phospholipids and the level of vitamin E in Italian heavy pork meat. Four different diets with the same lysine/calorie ratio (control; 3% O; 250 mg/kg E; 3% O + 250 mg/kg E) were administered to castrated males and intact females until slaughtering (160–170 kg). The lipids of the loin (Longissimus lumborum) were characterized. The administration of the diets rich in O with or without E led to an increase in the content of triacylglycerols containing oleic acid and a decrease of those containing linoleic and saturated acids, both in males and in females. The level of unsaturation of the phospholipid molecular species was less affected than that of the triacylglycerols. However, the content of phosphatidylcholine increased, whereas the content of phosphatidylserine decreased in the meat obtained with the diets O and OE, with respect to the corresponding controls (C and E). The level of free vitamin E doubled.
Covalent Sidewall Functionalization of SWNTs by Nucleophilic Addition of Lithium Amides
Authors: Syrgiannis Zois , Hauke Frank , Röhrl Jonas , Hundhausen Martin , Graupner Ralf , Elemes Yiannis , Hirsch Andreas
Published: April 2008

The synthesis and characterization of sidewall‐functionalized SWNT derivatives (nPrNH)n‐SWNTs containing n‐propylamine addends is reported. The nucleophilic addition of in situ generated lithium n‐propylamide to the sidewall of SWNTs and the subsequent reoxidation of charged intermediates of the type (nPrNH)n‐SWNTn– leads to carbon nanotube derivatives with covalently attached amino groups. Based on the reaction sequence, a homogeneous dispersion of the carbon nanotube material is achieved as a result of the electrostatic repulsion of negatively charged intermediates. The solubility of the resulting propylamine‐functionalized (nPrNH)n‐SWNT material in organic solvents is drastically increased. The functionalized tubes were characterized in detail by Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/MS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Stereocomplementary Asymmetric Reduction of Bulky–Bulky Ketones by Biocatalytic Hydrogen Transfer
Authors: Lavandera Iván , Oberdorfer Gustav , Gross Johannes , de Wildeman Stefaan , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: April 2008

Biocatalysts suitable for the reduction of ketones bearing two sterically demanding substituents (bulky–bulky ketones) at elevated substrate concentration (10 g L–1) were identified. The biocatalysts can be employed in a substrate‐coupled approach; thus, a simple alcohol such as ethanol or 2‐propanol serves as a hydrogen donor. Both enantiomers are accessible by using either Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541 and ethanol or Ralstonia sp. DSM 6428 and Sphingobium yanoikuyae DSM 6900 and ethanol or 2‐propanol as the hydrogen source. For Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541, it was found that bulky–bulky ketones were only transformed when ethanol was used as a hydrogen source, whereas no conversion was observed when 2‐propanol was employed. From the substrate spectrum, as well as from the cosubstrate preference, it became clear that a different alcohol dehydrogenase than the previously described ADH‐“A” is active in the presence of ethanol in Rhodococcus ruber.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Determining under‐ and oversampling of individual particle distributions in microfluidic electrophoresis with orthogonal laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Whiting Christofer E. , Dua Rajat A. , Duffy Ciarán F. , Arriaga Edgar A.
Published: April 2008

This report investigates the effects of sample size on the separation and analysis of individual biological particles using microfluidic devices equipped with an orthogonal LIF detector. A detection limit of 17 ± 1 molecules of fluorophore is obtained using this orthogonal LIF detector under a constant flow of fluorescein, which is a significant improvement over epifluorescence, the most common LIF detection scheme used with microfluidic devices. Mitochondria from rat liver tissue and cultured 143B osteosarcoma cells are used as model biological particles. Quantile–quantile (q–q) plots were used to investigate changes in the distributions. When the number of detected mitochondrial events became too large (>72 for rat liver and >98 for 143B mitochondria), oversampling occurs. Statistical overlap theory is used to suggest that the cause of oversampling is that separation power of the microfluidic device presented is not enough to adequately separate large numbers of individual mitochondrial events. Fortunately, q–q plots make it possible to identify and exclude these distributions from data analysis. Additionally, when the number of detected events became too small (<55 for rat liver and <81 for 143B mitochondria) there were not enough events to obtain a statistically relevant mobility distribution, but these distributions can be combined to obtain a statistically relevant electrophoretic mobility distribution.
Fabrication, modification, and application of poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic chips
Authors: Chen Yun , Zhang Luyan , Chen Gang
Published: April 2008

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is particularly useful for microfluidic chips with the features of low price, excellent optic transparency, attractive mechanical and chemical properties, ease of fabrication and modification, biocompatibility, etc. During the past decade, significant progress in the PMMA microfluidic chips has occurred. This review, which contains 120 references, summarizes the recent advances and the key strategies in the fabrication, modification, and application of PMMA microfluidic chips. It is expected that PMMA microchips should find a wide range of applications and will lead to the creation of truly disposable microfluidic devices.
Electrophoretic analysis of food dyes using a miniaturized microfluidic system
Authors: Lee Kyung‐Sun , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Park So‐Hee , Park Deok‐Su , Shim Yoon‐Bo
Published: April 2008

A simple and sensitive on‐chip preconcentration, separation, and electrochemical detection (ED) method for the electrophoretic analysis of food dyes was developed. The microchip comprised of three parallel channels: the first two are for the field‐amplified sample stacking (FASS) and subsequent field‐amplified sample injection (FASI) steps, while the third one is for the micellar EKC with ED (MEKC‐ED) step. The food dyes were initially extracted from real samples by employing a method that was simpler, easier, and faster compared with a standard method. The extraction of the samples was characterized by UV–Vis and electrochemical experiments. The chronoamperometric detection was performed with a glassy carbon electrode coupled horizontally with the microchip at the separation channel exit. Experimental parameters affecting the analytical performance of the method were assessed and optimized. The sensitivity of the method was improved by ∼10 800‐fold when compared with a conventional MEKC‐ED analysis. Reproducible response was observed during multiple injections of samples with an RSD of <7.2% (n = 5). The calibration plots were linear (r2 = 0.998) within the range of 1.0 nM–1.0 μM for all food dyes. LODs were estimated between 1.0 and 5.0 nM, based on S/N = 3, for food dyes. The applicability of the method for the analysis of food dyes in real sample was demonstrated.
Electrochemical techniques for microfluidic applications
Authors: Sassa Fumihiro , Morimoto Katsuya , Satoh Wataru , Suzuki Hiroaki
Published: April 2008

Electrochemical principles provide key techniques to promote the construction of bio/chemical microsystems of the next generation. There is a wealth of technology for the microfabrication of bio/chemical sensors. In addition, microfluidic transport in a network of flow channels, pH regulation, and automatic switching can be realized by electrochemical principles. Since the basic components of the devices are electrode patterns, the integration of different components is easily achieved. With these techniques, bio/chemical assays that require the exchange of solutions can be conducted on a chip. Furthermore, autonomous microanalysis systems that can carry out necessary procedures are beginning to be realized. In this article, techniques developed in our group will be comprehensively introduced.
A high‐discernment microflow cytometer with microweir structure
Authors: Fu Lung‐Ming , Tsai Chien‐Hsiung , Lin Che‐Hsin
Published: April 2008

Using a simple and reliable isotropic wet etching process, we fabricated a microflow cytometer in which cells/particles are concentrated in the center of the sample stream using a 2‐D hydrodynamic focusing technique and an microweir structure. Having focused the cells/particles, they are detected and counted using a LIF method. The experimental and numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the hydrodynamic sheath flows in squeezing the cells/particles into a narrow stream in the horizontal X–Y plane. Furthermore, it is shown numerically that the microweir structure results in the separation of the cells/particles in the vertical X–Z plane such that they pass through the detection region in a sequential fashion and can therefore be counted with a high degree of precision. The experimental results obtained using fluorescent polystyrene beads with diameters of 5 and 10 μm, respectively, confirm the suitability of the proposed device for microfluidic applications requiring the high‐precision counting of particles or cells within a sample flow.
Microchip‐based small, dense low‐density lipoproteins assay for coronary heart disease risk assessment
Authors: Wang Hua , Wang Hui‐Min , Jin Qing‐Hui , Cong Hui , Zhuang Gui‐Sheng , Zhao Jian‐Long , Sun Cheng‐Long , Song Hong‐Wei , Wang Wei
Published: April 2008

Small, dense low‐density lipoprotein (sdLDL) has been accepted as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor, and there has been an increasing interest in analytical methods for sdLDL profiling for diagnosis. Serum sdLDL may be measured by different laboratory techniques, but all these methods are laborious, time‐consuming, and costly. Recently, we have demonstrated that a low‐temperature bonding of quartz microfluidic chips for serum lipoproteins analysis (Zhuang, G., Jin, Q., Liu, J., Cong, H. et al., Biomed. Microdevices 2006, 8, 255–261). In contrast to this previous study, we chose SDS as anionic surfactant to modify both lipoproteins and the channel surface to minimize lipoprotein adsorption and improve the resolution of lipoprotein separation. Two major LDL subclass patterns including large, buoyant LDL (lLDL), sdLDL, and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) were effectively separated with high reproducibility. RSD values of the migration time (min) and peak areas of standard LDL and HDL were 6.28, 4.02, 5.02, and 2.5%, respectively. Serum lipoproteins of 15 healthy subjects and 15 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) were separated by microchip CE. No peaks of sdLDL were detected in serum samples of healthy subjects while sdLDL fractional peaks were observed in patients' entire serum samples. These results suggested that the microchip‐based sdLDLs assay was a simple, rapid, and highly efficient technique and significantly improved the analysis of CHD risk factors.
Continuous and precise particle separation by electroosmotic flow control in microfluidic devices
Authors: Kawamata Takahiro , Yamada Masumi , Yasuda Masahiro , Seki Minoru
Published: April 2008

A new scheme has been described for continuous particle separation using EOF in microfluidic devices. We have previously reported a method for particle separation, called “pinched flow fractionation (PFF)”, in which size‐dependent and continuous particle separation can be achieved by introducing pressure‐driven flows with and without particles into a pinched microchannel. In this study, EOF was employed to transport fluid flows inside a microchannel. By controlling the applied voltage to electrodes inserted in each inlet/outlet port, the flow rates from both inlets, and flow rates distributed to each outlet could be accurately tuned, thus enabling more effective separation compared to the pressure‐driven scheme. In the experiment, the particle behaviors were compared between EOF and pressure‐driven flow schemes. In addition, micrometer‐ and submicrometer‐sized particles were accurately separated and individually collected using a microchannel with multiple outlet branch channels, demonstrating the high efficiency of the presented scheme.
A stochastic multi‐antenna matrix channel model for efficient link‐level simulations
Authors: Falletti Emanuela , Sellone Fabrizio
Published: April 2008

The availability of realistic propagation channel models and computationally affordable channel simulators is a fundamental brick for the design of effective wireless mobile communication systems, since fading mitigation techniques in both temporal and spatial domains attract nowadays main designers' interest.

This paper proposes a novel channel model and related channel simulator expressly conceived for link‐level simulations of wireless communication links wherein both transmitters (TXs) and receivers (RXs) may be equipped with an array of antennas. Physical propagation effects generating spatial and temporal fading, along with the possible presence of scatterers, are taken into account. The structure of the channel simulator is designed to maintain affordable computational burden, through an efficient time‐varying finite impulse response (FIR) filter bank implementation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free surface tracking with polynomial reconstruction and error correction
Authors: Kim Hyoseob , Jung Byung Soon , Hall Kevin
Published: April 2008

A non‐linear method, PREC, for computation of the movement of a free surface is proposed here. The method is composed of three steps: identifying the free surface by using a non‐linear function from the volume fraction matrix, updating the volume fraction matrix using a volume projection method with error correction, and treatment of the results using overshooting or undershooting. Identification of the free surface includes using a polynomial function with 2, 4, or 8 coefficients for one‐, two‐, or three‐dimensional problems, respectively. The polynomial reconstruction involves non‐negligible numerical error. The second advection step includes a linear projection method in space and time. Advection of the volume fraction matrix is computed from the occupying volume of the mesh at the previous time step. At the new time step, the error at each grid point is assumed to be similar to the error at the previous time step and is used for correction. Overshooting or undershooting develops around the free surface mesh points due to the solution's finite time increment. The third step includes truncating the numerical overshooting or undershooting volumes, i.e. isotropic spreading of the excess fluid volumes. The PREC method is evaluated for a one‐dimensional flow case and several two‐dimensional simple flow cases with circular sections (cases include transition parallel to a coordinate, transition with an intersection angle to a coordinate, and rotation). The results from the present method are compared with analytical solutions and results from a donor‐cell VOF method. As a result of these comparisons, the PREC method is validated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Credit risk management in Greater China
Authors: Byström Hans
Published: April 2008

In this paper the focus is on market‐wide credit protection. More exactly, the newly introduced iTraxx Greater China credit default swap (CDS) index is examined, and to what degree this index can be used to protect against market‐wide credit risk in the Greater China area is assessed. Although the iTraxx Greater China CDS index is found to be significantly correlated with both the value and volatility of an equally weighted stock portfolio of the names in the CDS index itself, it is found to move more or less independently from some of the most widely used stock indexes in the Greater China region. Not surprisingly, considering the geographical distribution of the constituents in the iTraxx Greater China index, the major stock indexes covering mainland China are found to be particularly uncorrelated with the CDS index. Based on well‐known theoretical arguments as well as extensive empirical evidence in the literature, it is argued that this makes it difficult to manage credit risk in mainland China using the iTraxx Greater China CDS index, at least until more mainland China names have been included in the CDS index. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:582–597, 2008
Estimation and forecasting of stock volatility with range‐based estimators
Authors: Jacob Joshy , Vipul
Published: April 2008

This paper examines the estimation and forecasting performance of range‐based volatility estimators for stocks, with two‐scales realized volatility as the benchmark. There is evidence that the daily range‐based estimators provide an efficient and low‐bias alternative to the return‐based estimators. These are not downwardly biased in the presence of negative autocorrelation and low liquidity, as generally suspected. The drift is a major cause of the poor performance of Parkinson's estimator. The forecasts of volatility with these estimators are about as efficient as those with the benchmark itself but are more biased. The forecasts based on realized range are only marginally better on the criterion of bias and are about as efficient. Considering their simplicity and lower data requirement, the daily range‐based estimators appear to be more desirable. These results are particularly relevant for the option valuation and the risk management of derivative markets. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:561–581, 2008
It goes both ways: measurements of simultaneous evapotranspiration and fog droplet deposition at a montane cloud forest
Authors: Beiderwieden E. , Wolff V. , Hsia Y.‐J. , Klemm O.
Published: April 2008

Fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and water vapor, including turbulent deposition of fog droplets, were measured for two months in autumn 2005 within a subtropical montane cypress forest in Taiwan. The goal of the study was to determine whether significant evapotranspiration can occur during foggy conditions. Water vapor fluxes, QW, as determined with the Bowen Ratio method, were compared to those simultaneously measured with the eddy covariance method. The median Bowen Ratio was 1.06, and the median QW flux was 5 · 2 × 10−5 kg m−2 s−1. The vertical gradients of temperature and specific humidity over the forest, ΔT and Δq, peaked around noon during days without fog, and were reduced during foggy conditions. For 66% of the data points, ΔT and Δq were negative, corresponding to positive (upward) fluxes of sensible heat QH and latent heat QE. A Monte Carlo simulation proved that statistically significant evapotranspiration rates, i.e., upward water vapor fluxes, occurred during fog. At the same time, deposition fluxes of fog droplets occurred. Our results show that even during fog events, significant evapotranspiration may occur. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of single natural vegetation elements on flow characteristics
Authors: Yagci O. , Kabdasli M. S.
Published: April 2008

In this experimental study, measurements were conducted to explore the impacts of different forms of individual natural vegetative elements within the flow domain on velocity and turbulence characteristics. All the experiments were performed in a flume measuring 26 m in length, 0·98 m in width and 0·85 m in depth, and real tree saplings were utilized to represent the vegetation element. In order to analyse this commonly observed nature phenomenon in floodplains, trees with wide trunks were classified into three groups on the basis of their volume versus height relation. Throughout the velocity measurements three acoustic Doppler velocimeters were employed. Time‐averaged velocity, streamwise and vertical turbulence intensities and turbulent kinetic energy parameters were examined. Additionally, a formulation that gives the velocity profile at a certain distance downstream of vegetation was introduced and the validity of the proposed formulation was checked with experimental data. It is seen that despite their porous structures, the presence of vegetation considerably disturbs the flow field and dissipates a remarkable amount of energy by turbulence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.