bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Schistosoma Haematobium Measured by a Mobile Health System in an Unexplored Endemic Region in the Subprefecture of Torrock, Chad (Preprint)
Authors: Lalaye Didier , de Bruijn Mirjam E , de Jong Tom PVM
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Schistosoma haematobium is a parasitic digenetic trematode responsible for schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia). The disease is caused by penetration of the skin by the parasite, spread by intermediate host molluscs in stagnant waters, and can be treated by administration of praziquantel. Schistosomiasis is considered to be an important but neglected tropical disease.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the subprefecture of Torrock, an endemic area in Chad where no earlier investigation had been conducted and no distribution system for pharmacotherapy has ever existed.

METHODS

This study examined 1875 children aged 1 to 14 years over a period of 1 year. After centrifugation, urine examination was performed by a direct microscopic investigation for eggs. The investigation was conducted with a mobile health (mHealth) approach, using short message service (SMS) for communication among parents, local health workers, a pharmacist, and a medical doctor. An initial awareness campaign requested parents to have their children examined for schistosomiasis. Urine was then collected at home by the parents following the SMS request. Urine results that proved positive were sent to a medical doctor by SMS, who in turn ordered a pharmacist by SMS to distribute praziquantel to the infected children.

RESULTS

Direct microscopic examination of urine found 467 positive cases (24.9% of the total sample). Of all male and female samples, 341 (34%) and 127 (14.4%) samples were positive, respectively. The infection rate was equally distributed over age groups. The newly developed mHealth system had a limited level of participation (8%) from an estimated total of 25,000 children in the target group.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of schistosomiasis in children in the subprefecture of Torrock is moderately high. Efforts will be required to enhance the awareness of parents and to reach a larger percentage of the population. Systematic governmental measures should be put in place as soon as possible to increase awareness in the area and to diagnose and treat cases of schistosomiasis.
Forecasting Implementation, Adoption, and Evaluation Challenges for an Electronic Game–Based Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention: Co-Design Workshop With Multidisciplinary Stakeholders (Preprint)
Authors: Castro-Sánchez Enrique , Sood Anuj , Rawson Timothy Miles , Firth Jamie , Holmes Alison Helen
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Serious games have been proposed to address the lack of engagement and sustainability traditionally affecting interventions aiming to improve optimal antibiotic use among hospital prescribers.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of the research was to forecast gaps in implementation, adoption and evaluation of game-based interventions, and co-design solutions with antimicrobial clinicians and digital and behavioral researchers.

METHODS

A co-development workshop with clinicians and academics in serious games, antimicrobials, and behavioral sciences was organized to open the International Summit on Serious Health Games in London, United Kingdom, in March 2018. The workshop was announced on social media and online platforms. Attendees were asked to work in small groups provided with a laptop/tablet and the latest version of the game On call: Antibiotics. A workshop leader guided open group discussions around implementation, adoption, and evaluation threats and potential solutions. Workshop summary notes were collated by an observer.

RESULTS

There were 29 participants attending the workshop. Anticipated challenges to resolve reflected implementation threats such as an inadequate organizational arrangement to scale and sustain the use of the game, requiring sufficient technical and educational support and a streamlined feedback mechanism that made best use of data arriving from the game. Adoption threats included collective perceptions that a game would be a ludic rather than professional tool and demanding efforts to integrate all available educational solutions so none are seen as inferior. Evaluation threats included the need to combine game metrics with organizational indicators such as antibiotic use, which may be difficult to enable.

CONCLUSIONS

As with other technology-based interventions, deploying game-based solutions requires careful planning on how to engage and support clinicians in their use and how best to integrate the game and game outputs onto existing workflows. The ludic characteristics of the game may foster perceptions of unprofessionalism among gamers, which would need buffering from the organization.
PENGGUNAAN PISAU SADAP Bi-Cut UNTUK MENUNJANG EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI PADA PERKEBUNAN KARET
Authors: Suhendry Irwan , Wijaya Andi , Sayurandi Sayurandi
Published: January 2019

Lateks tanaman karet dipanen melalui proses penyadapan. Penyadapan dilakukan dengan cara mengiris kulit menggunakan pisau sadap dengan sistem tertentu. Produksi tanaman karet selain ditentukan oleh potensi genetik masing-masing klon juga sangat ditentukan oleh sistem eksploitasi. Dalam sistem eksploitasi, kualitas penyadapan berkaitan dengan luka kayu maupun konsumsi kulit yang memperpanjang umur ekonomis sehingga produksi karet dalam satu siklus dapat lebih tinggi. Konsumsi kulit yang terkendali  mempengaruhi umur ekonomis karet menjadi lebih lama sehingga produksi karet satu siklus dapat lebih tinggi. Pada 10 tahun terakhir perusahaan perkebunan mengalami kesulitan mendapatkan penyadap terampil. Upaya mengatasi hal tersebut sangat diperlukan rancangan pisau sadap yang mampu mengendalikan konsumsi kulit dan luka kayu. Tim peneliti Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih sejak tahun 2016 telah berhasil merancang pisau sadap ergonomis yang diberi nama pisau sadap Bi-cut untuk penyadapan panel sadap bawah (BO). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pisau tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa kecepatan penggunaan prototipe pisau sadap Bi-cut lebih lambat dibandingkan penggunaan pisau sadap konvensional yaitu sebesar 4.69 detik per pohon. Konsumsi kulit menggunakan pisau sadap konvensional lebih tebal  yaitu sebesar 2,73 mm dibandingkan dengan pisau sadap ergonomis  yaitu sebesar 1,40 mm, namun tidak berbeda nyata terhadap produksi lateks. Keunggulan pisau sadap Bi-cut ini adalah dapat mencegah pelukaan kayu dan tebal irisan sadapan lebih tipis. Bi-cut mampu menyadap satu panel sadap BO selama 7,74 tahun/panel sadapan atau sekitar 30,96 tahun selama siklus produksi.
OPTIMASI PERLAKUAN EKSPLAN PADA KULTUR ORGAN VEGETATIF TANAMAN KARET (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS MUELL. ARG.) KLON PB 330
Authors: Admojo Lestari , Prasetyo Nur Eko
Published: January 2019

Perkembangan sistem perbanyakan klonal melalui teknik kultur jaringan tanaman karet  masih terus dikaji. Embrio fase torpedo berhasil diperoleh pada tahun 2012 menggunakan eksplan petiol klon PB 330, namun persentasenya sangat rendah akibat ketidakstabilan kalus friabel yang diperoleh, dan adanya hambatan fase diferensiasi selanjutnya. Hambatan tersebut berupa tingginya tingkat kontaminasi dan intensitas browning. Serangkaian penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan dalam upaya optimasi perolehan kalus friabel yang lebih baik. Penelitian tersebut meliputi teknik sterilisasi untuk meminimalkan tingkat kontaminasi, teknik eliminasi browning, pemilihan bagian dan fase eksplan dan kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh dalam media kultur. Rangkaian penelitian tersebut dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi, Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) dan Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Getas, sepanjang Oktober 2013 hingga Oktober 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa optimasi perlakuan sumber eksplan berhasil dilakukan. Kontaminasi berhasil ditekan hingga 33% pada kultur petiol dengan perlakuan prasterilisasi perendaman eksplan dalam fungisida Dithane M-45 selama 24 jam, kemudian disterilisasi dengan NaClO 5,25% dan HgCl2 0,2%. Penurunan kontaminasi juga didukung dengan  penempatan sumber eksplan di luar area pembibitan karet. Intensitas browning berhasil ditekan hingga 7,5% dengan merendam eksplan dalam larutan asam askorbat steril selama 30 menit sebelum tanam. Penurunan intensitas browning diperoleh dengan pemilihan fase eksplan yang tepat (pertengahan flush) dan minimal pelukaan pada eksplan. Penambahan auksin ganda NAA 0,1 ppm+2,4-D 1 ppm ke dalam media MS modifikasi dan menempatkan sumber eksplan di bawah kondisi ternaung berhasil meningkatkan persentase kalus friabel hingga 60%. Protokol tersebut perlu terus dioptimasi untuk mengetahui respon diferensiasi selanjutnya.
Profitability on dairy farms with automatic milking systems compared to farms with conventional milking systems
Authors: Hansen Bjørn Gunnar , Herje Hans Olav , Höva Jonas
Published: January 2019

The objective of this study was to explore differences in profitability between farms with automatic milking systems (AMS) and farms with conventional milking systems (CMS). To explore profitability, we analysed the gross farm income from dairy cows. Accounting and production data for over a thousand dairy farms were collected. Using kernel-matching, we made CMS farms more comparable to AMS farms. We then used ordinary least squares regression to estimate the effect of AMS relative to farm size and time passed since last investment in milking systems. The results show that farms must have 35 to 40 cows before AMS becomes more profitable than CMS. Further, any profitability gains will only be visible after a transitional period of approximately four years. Milk revenues are higher on AMS farms, and the difference increases with the size of the farm. Production-related costs are also higher on AMS farms.
ANALISIS RESPON PENAWARAN KOMODITI JAGUNG DI KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI
Authors: Edison Edison , Siata Ratnawati
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) menilai faktor produksi dan pengaruhnya pada produksi jagung, dan meng-investigasi kemampuan level input, seperti luas areal dan lainnya untuk menjelaskan respon produksi; dan (2). menilai respon penawaran petani terhadap harga input, penerimaan harapan kotor, program pemerintah dalam usahatani, risiko dari variabel yang berhubungan, dan variabel exogenous lainnya. Dalam upaya untuk mendapatkan model respon penawaran jagung pada lahan kering di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari Mei 2017 hingga November 2017 di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Pelaksanaan penelitian digunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data Musim Tanam tahun 2016 untuk Kabupaten Muaro Jambi dan Kecamatan Kumpeh dipilih secara sengaja (purposive) karena daerah ini merupakan sentra produksi jagung di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Metode analisis dalam aplikasinya dipilah berdasarkan tujuan penelitian yakni Model Empiris Fungsi Respon Penawaran. Dari penelitian didapatkan hasil Model respon penawaran jagung sangat dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Diantaranya faktor internal maupun eketernal seperti harga padi, penggunaan input, dan musim, yang cukup relevan dimana produksi jagung meningkat karena harga padi meningkat. Ditambahkan pula bahwa produksi jagung menurun bila variabel input yang digunakan tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan. Seperti yang diharapkan ditemukan juga bahwa luas panen juga penentu tanaman yang signifikan. Selanjutnya ditemukan bahwa produksi jagung meningkat pada musim hujan. Temuan ini konsisten dengan fakta bahwa ketersediaan air adalah faktor penting untuk tanaman jagung. Analisis menerangkan juga bahwa petani jagung lahan kering didaerah penelitian respon terhadap perubahan penggunaan input yang efisien. Penawaran output adalah respon terhadap produksi jagung. Pada permintaan input, banyak sensitif terhadap penggunaan tenaga kerja, tenaga pemeliharaan/ pemanenan. Elastisitas produksi yang diperoleh melengkapi bagian dari data base yang diperlukan intuk mengevaluasi implikasi kebijaksanaan penggunaan input alternatif dari persediaan jagung dan permintaan input.
The value of laboratory monitoring of dangerous infectious diseases in the aspect of anti-epidemic protection in emergency situations of biological character
Authors: Lantsov E. V. , Petrov A. V. , Moshchenko S. V. , Kuzin A. A. , Goncharov G. V. , Kolosovskaya E. N.
Published: January 2019

The most important direction in the system of anti-epidemic protection of the population and military personnelfrom dangerous infectious and natural focal diseases is epidemiological monitoring with the obligatory use of laboratory methods of detection of pathogens and their markers. On separate territories of placement of the military units which are a part of the southern military district, there are centers of natural and focal infections of dangerous infectious diseases (plague, tularemia, cholera). The article presents the results of laboratory studies during epidemiological monitoring of natural focal and dangerous infectious diseases, which can be used by the military medical service as an information basis for decision-making on the organization of anti-epidemic protection of troops in the event of emergency situations of biological and social nature in these areas.
Growth Effects of Shifting from a Progressive Tax System to a Flat Tax
Authors:   Kansas State University, Cassou Steven P. , Lansing Kevin J. ,   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
Published: January 2019

This paper develops a quantitative general equilibrium model to assess the growth effects of adopting a flat tax plan similar to the one proposed by Hall and Rabushka (1995). Using parameters calibrated to match the progressivity of the U.S. tax schedule and other features of the U.S. economy, we compute the growth and level effects of adopting a revenue-neutral flat tax for both a human-capital based endogenous growth model and a standard neoclassical growth model. Growth effects are decomposed into the parts attributable to the flattening of the marginal tax schedule, the full expensing of physical-capital investment, and the elimination of double taxation of corporate dividends. We find that the most important element of the reform is the flattening of the marginal tax schedule. Without this element, the combined effects of the other parts of the reform can actually reduce long-run growth.
THE COMMUNICATIVE GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD: A PRACTICAL METHOD TO TEACH COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF ENGLISH
Authors: Kaharuddin Andi
Published: January 2019

This paper is theoretically aimed at discussing how to teach communication skills (written and spoken) through a combination between the classic grammar translation and the modern communicative language teaching). The combination not only results in the formation of a new method which is here known as the communicative grammar translation method, but also in the formation of a new methodology in English language pedagogy which might be applied by English teachers to teach communication skills in the classrooms. The methodology of this new method consists of three special procedures i.e. The first is structural procedure which allows the learners to learn grammar rules and vocabulary. The second is transitional procedure which gives opportunity to the students to practice using the rules in translation and pronunciation drills. The third is communicative procedure which also gives the learners opportunity to use their knowledge of grammar and vocabulary in communicative activities. The implementation of the three procedures is believed able to achieve three learning outcomes i.e. making the learners able to deliver English basic communication both in spoken and written, promoting the learners’ language accuracy and fluency in communication, and improving the learner knowledge of grammar and vocabulary to enhance initiatives in communication.
PENGATURAN DAN SISTEM PENYELESAIAN TINDAK PIDANA PROSTITUSI ONLINE MENURUT HUKUM POSITIF
Authors: Herman Herman
Published: January 2019

Positive legal arrangements on service users have not been effective in ensnaring and tackling online prostitution, as it does not in any way govern the users of services in an online prostitution crime. The system of settlement of criminal acts of online prostitution services pursuant to Number 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions and Law Number 44 Year 2008 regarding Pornography does not specify the provisions on the users of online prostitution services specifically, so that these two laws can not entrap service users in the practice of online prostitution.Keywords: Online prostitution, service users Pengaturan hukum positif terhadap pengguna jasa belum berlaku efektif dalam menjerat dan menanggulangi prostitusi online, karena sama sekali tidak mengatur mengenai pengguna jasa dalam tindak pidana prostitusi online. Sistem penyelesaian tindak pidana pengguna jasa prostitusi online berdasarkan Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik dan Undang-undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi tidak menyebutkan ketentuan mengenai pengguna jasa prostitusi online secara khusus, sehingga kedua undang-undang inipun tidak dapat menjerat pengguna jasa dalam praktek prostitusi online.Kata kunci : Prostitusi Online, pengguna jasa
KOLOM KOSONG DALAM REZIM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH
Authors: Burhanuddin Burhanuddin
Published: January 2019

AbstractElection of regional leader is confession form of democracy. empty Column Eksistensi in pilkada is at a time viewed as by people alternative choice form which concurrently enabling of carried out by pilkada with only 1 (candidate couple). MK Number 100/PUU-XIII/2015 becoming road street opener of empty column legality. Besides decision of MK, empty column is later;then mentioned in UU No. 10 Year 2016 so that by yuridis domicile empty column is validity. But that way, leaving over matter internal issue there is no tech reference manual him arranging in detail as for empty column as equivalent choice with single candidate couple. Keyword : Empty Column, Election of Regional Leader AbstrakPemilihan kepala daerah adalah wujud pengakuan atas kedaulatan rakyat. Eksistensi kolom kosong dalam pilkada serentak dipandang sebagai bentuk pilihan alternatif rakyat yang secara bersamaan dibolehkannya diselenggarakan pilkada dengan hanya 1 (satu) pasangan calon. Putuhan MK Nomor 100/PUU-XIII/2015 menjadi jalan pembuka legalitas kolom kosong. Selain putusan MK, kolom kosong kemudian disebutkan dalam UU No. 10 Tahun 2016 sehingga secara yuridis kedudukan kolom kosong adalah sah. Namun demikian, menyisakan masalah dalam hal belum adanya pedoman teknis yang mengatur secara rinci perihal kolom kosong sebagai pilihan yang setara dengan pasangan calon tunggal.Kata Kunci : Kolom Kosong, Pemilihan Kepala Daerah
HAKIKAT HUKUM DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERBANDINGAN HUKUM
Authors: Safriani Andi
Published: January 2019

Law system known as a one of all, like institution,procedure and rule between one sub system have a relationship with another sub system.            Law as a system have complexitas and multiperspective, like a country law for example adat recht (living law), islamic law, or common and civil law.            We can look at a complexitas and multiperspective law like in Islamic law to difine that religion and law are one package. Islamic law in fact to became as a rule system which extra flexible to rule about a living aspect and there are not dichotomy between a political, religion, and social. So that Islamic is a law norm, society norm and country norm.Whereareas East law system like in eroupe to do it made a codification. Adat recht (living law) have a law identity to break up with society identity. Whereareas national law system in Indonesia we cant make a lie that a big part from our law in Indonesian to take from “heritage” a colonial. But, although have the different perspective between Islamic law, Living law or adat recht, Common and civil law or National law, at principle or law based on always to became a real right and how to make a good or sweet living in our society.Keywords: Law system, Islamic system, Living law, Common and Civil law, Positif law    Abstrak             Memahami sistem hukum sebagai suatu kesatuan yang utuh, meliputi institusi, procedure, aturan hukum, dimana antara unsure atau sub system yang satu memiliki hubungan dengan sub sistem yang lain.            Hukum sebagai suatu system memiliki kompleksitas dan multiperspektif, baik hukum yang ada di negara kita sendiri seperti hukum adat, hukum islam dan hukum positif kita maupun hukum barat seperti common law dan civil law system.            Kompleksitas dan multiperspektif ini dapat kita lihat misalnya dalam hukum Islam yang menganggap bahwa agama dan hukum adalah satu. Hukum Islam dalam kenyataannya menjadi sebuah system aturan yang luar biasa fleksibel mengatur segala aspek kehidupan dan tidak ada dikotomi antara wilayah politik, agama dan sosial sehingga islam merupakan norma hukum, norma bermasyarakat dan norma bernegara. Sementara Sistem hukum Barat khususnya di daratan Eropa dilakukan melalui pembentukan kodifikasi, berbeda dengan Hukum Adat yang identitas hukumnya tumbuh dengan identitas masyarakat yang membentuknya, sedangkan hukum positif atau hukum Nasional negara kita Indonesia tidak dapat dipungkiri masih mempergunakan sebagian besar hukum tertulis yang berasal dari “warisan” penjajah. Namun, apapun perbedaan hukum dalam perspektif hukum Islam, Hukum Barat, Hukum Adat maupun Hukum Positif kita, pada hakikatnya hukum selalu bermuara pada terwujudnya keadilan, keteraturan maupun ketertiban dalam masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Sistem hukum, Hukum Islam, Hukum Barat, Hukum Adat, Hukum Positif.
PERANAN PENASEHAT HUKUM DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KEADILAN
Authors: Jayadi Ahkam
Published: January 2019

Law No. 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power has affirmed that the judicial process is carried out based on principles, "justice" must be realized in every judge's decision because it is the mandate of God Almighty. One sub-system that plays a role in the handling of a crime starting from the investigation until the decision is made by the judge in court is an advocate (Law No. 18 of 2003 and Law No. 16 of 2011). Only unfortunately, the use of advocate services by the community that is involved with a legal problem has not been maximized. The causes include: lack of public understanding of advocate institutions, weak legal awareness of the community and the need for not a small amount of money in using the services of an advocate. For this reason, the implications of this study are that follow-up is needed to socialize the role of advocates and legal assistance in the community. Keywords: Advocates, courts, justice AbstrakUndang Undang No. 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman telah menegaskan bahwa proses peradilan di laksanakan berdasarkan prinsip, “keadilan” harus dapat diwujudkan di dalam setiap putusan hakim karena itu amanah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Salah satu sub sistem yang berperan di dalam penanganan sebuah tindak pidana mulai dari penyelidikan sampai dengan dijatuhkannya putusan oleh hakim di pengadilan  adalah advokat (UU No. 18 tahun 2003 dan UU No. 16 Tahun 2011). Hanya sayangnya, pemanfaatan jasa advokat oleh masyarakat yang tersangkut dengan sebuah masalah hukum belum maksimal. Penyebabnya antara lain: kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang institusi advokat, kesadaran hukum masyarakat yang lemah dan dibutuhkannya biaya yang tidak sedikit dalam menggunakan jasa seorang advokat.  Untuk itu implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah, dibutuhkan tindak lanjut untuk mensosialisasikan peran advokat dan bantuan hukum  di tengah masyarakat.Kata Kunci : Advokat, pengadilan, keadilan
Communities in the age of internet
Authors: Dobrinskaya D. E.
Published: January 2019

The transformational potential of Internet technologies is undeniable today. This applies to all spheres of social life, and this, of course, affects a variety of social practices and social interactions. In the focus of sociologists there are problems that are somehow connected with the influence of the Internet on society. Modern communities are also under scrutiny. What is their nature, their forms and features of functioning? It’s about understanding whether modern communities are a fundamentally new type of social association or whether Internet technologies provide only additional tools for continuing the interactions that are characteristic of traditional communities. The article carries out the historical-sociological analysis of the concept of “community”. Various approaches to the definition of modern communities and their types are analyzed. Considering the Internet space as a new social space and the Internet as a revolutionary means of communication, it is proposed to carry out an analysis of virtual communities in terms of the presence or absence of characteristics in these communities that are alternative to traditional communities. The conclusion is made that the processes of hybridization are typical for modern communities, which implies the actual consolidation of the properties of real and virtual communities.
AWAL PERADABAN DI DAERAH MAMASA: KAJIAN BUDAYA AUSTRONESIA DI SITUS DAMBU DAN MATTI
Authors: Hasanuddin Hasanuddin
Published: January 2019

Archaeological research in Mamasa District, West Sulawesi, aims to capture artefact data that can describe human civilization in the area. One problem that has never been answered, is when did civilization begin in the Mamasa area. In this study, a survey and excavation method was used on the sites mentioned by the local community as the initial settlement location in Mamasa such as the Dambu Site and the Matti Site. Interview method used to obtain information about the historical setting of these sites. The results of surveys and excavations carried out at the Dambu and Matti sites found stone flake artefacts and Austronesian-style pottery fragments, as evidence of the early forms of civilization in the area. In their oral culture, mentioning a number of toponyms as the oldest settlements in the area, and it is evident that Dambu and Matti are old settlements. The similarity of cultural features in the form of pottery found in the West Sulawesi region also shows migration flows that are thought to originate from the Karama River (Mamuju). Penelitian arkeologi di Kabupaten Mamasa, Sulawesi Barat, bertujuan untuk menjaring data artefaktual yang dapat menggambarkan mengenai peradaban manusia di daerah tersebut. Salah satu masalah yang belum pernah dijawab, adalah sejak kapan mulai peradaban di daerah Mamasa. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode survei, dan ekskavasi pada situs-situs yang yang disebutkan oleh masyarakat setempat sebagai lokasi permukiman awal di Mamasa seperti Situs Dambu dan Situs Matti. Metode wawancara juga digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang latar sejarah kedua situs tersebut. Hasil survei dan ekskavasi yang telah dilakukan di situs Dambu dan Matti ditemukan artefak batu serpih dan fragmen tembikar berciri Austronesia, sebagai bukti bentuk peradaban awal di daerah tersebut. Tradisi tutur mereka, menyebutkan beberapa toponim sebagai perkampungan tertua di daerah tersebut, dan terbukti bahwa Dambu dan Matti merupakan perkampungan tua. Kesamaan ciri budaya, khususnya temuan tembikar di kawasan Sulawesi Barat juga menunjukkan arus migrasi yang diduga berasal dari aliran Sungai Karama (Mamuju).
Environmental Education to Mitigate Environmental Decay and Promote Sustainable Development
Authors: SatyaRaoUppuleti Tonia Grace Ganta K. Vijaya Rachel
Published: January 2019

At Present our Planet is grappling with disastrous consequences of man-made environmental problems such as industrialization, urbanization, over-exploitation of natural resources, disruption of natural ecological balances, destruction of a multitude of animal and plant species for economic reasons, etc. It is observed that most of our environmental problems are manifestations of our developmental activities. Although there is no dearth of legislations on environmental protection in India, it is clearly evident that the enforcement of these legislations has been far from satisfactory. The present study tries to establish education as a useful tool for environmental conservation and sustainable development, ensuring clean air to breathe, safe drinking water and adequate supplies of clean renewable energy. This paper is mostly based on secondary data from books, research articles, periodicals and websites. It discusses the role of teacher and school in the protection of environment and promotion of sustainable development by bringing awareness on the efficient and responsible usage of the natural resources namely air, water, land, soil, forests, rivers, oceans etc. It tries to expound the ways and means to sensitize students and make them environment conscious in order to build a vibrant, healthy and pollution free India as future citizens.
KRITERIA INGKAR JANJI PADA PEMBIAYAAN MUSYARAKAH DI BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Setiawati Nur Utari , Usanti Trisadini Prasastinah
Published: January 2019

Musyarakah is a cooperation contract between two or more parties for a particular business that each party provides a portion of the fund provided that the profit will be divided according to the agreement, while the loss will be borne in accordance with the respective portion of the fund. When a customer does not provide a profit sharing ratio, it is categorized as a broken promise. So the problem that will be analyzed is that the customer criteria are said to breach of contract to musyarakah financing. The approach used in this study is the legislative, conceptual and case approach. The criteria of breach of contract for musyarakah financing when the customer does not have good intentions in carrying out payment according to the agreed time period or the customer does not carry out payment of principal and profit sharing ratio while the business is still running so that there is still income earned by the customer. Then the customer is obliged to fulfill it in accordance with a contract that has been mutually agreed upon.Keywords: breach of contract, musyarakah, sharia bank
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ОБЛІКУ АМОРТИЗАЦІЇ НЕОБОРОТНИХ АКТИВІВ СУБ’ЄКТАМИ ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ: ЮРИДИЧНИМИ І ФІЗИЧНИМИ ОСОБАМИ
Authors: Sarapina Olha , Stefanovych Natalia
Published: January 2019

У статті проведена порівняльна характеристика обліку амортизації необоротних активів різними суб’єктами господарської діяльності з метою визначення об’єкта оподаткування. Визначені відмінності методологічних підходів до визнання, оцінки основних засобів та порядку нарахування амортизації юридичними особами і фізичними особами-підприємцями. Обґрунтована необхідність внесення змін до Податкового кодексу України щодо регулювання нарахування амортизації необоротних активів фізичними особами-підприємцями
Hydro-geochemical properties with respect to landuse in the southernmost river of Kerala
Authors: M. Badusha , S Santhosh
Published: January 2019

The hydro geochemical features of Neyyar River for a period of one year from May 2015 to April 2016 were analyzed. Six sampling sites were fixed considering physiography and present landuse pattern of the river basin. The residents in the drainage basin are primarily responsible for framing a better landuse and thereby maintain a good water and sediment regime. Geospatial pattern of the present landuse of the study area indicated that the sustainability of this river ecosystem is in danger due to unscientific landuse practices, which is reflected in the river quality as well. The parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, chloride, Biological Oxygen Demand, total hardness and sulphate of river water and Organic Carbon of river bed sediments were analyzed in this study. The overall analysis shows that the highland areas are characterized by better quality of water together with low organic carbon, which is mainly due to better landuse and minimal reclamation. The midland and lowland areas are characterized by poor quality of water with high organic carbon, which is due to high anthropogenic activities and maximum pollutants associated with the region together with the alteration in landuse from a traditional eco-friendly pattern to a severely polluted current pattern.
Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian Lapangan Dalam Pengembangan Agribisnis Jagung Spesifik Lokasi Di Kabupaten Kubu Raya
Authors: Komariyati Heru Chandra, Ani Muani,
Published: January 2019

Agricultural extension workers have an important role in the development of agribusiness corn. This study aims to determine the performance of agricultural extension, the level of conformity of maize cultivation technology, analyze the relationship between the performance of the agricultural extension with maize cultivation technology specific location in Kubu Raya. The study population was a corn farmer in Sungai Raya and Rasau Jaya subdistrict, further sampling in this study is determined in proportion to the significance level of 10 percent of the population studied corn growers. The sampling method using the formula slovin. Analyzer used to measure the performance of agricultural extension field and the level of suitability of maize cultivation technology specific location using scoring techniques while to measure the relationship of closeness between them using the Spearman rank correlation analysis. The results showed that the performance of good agricultural extension category field, specifically maize cultivation technology locations lacking categorized in accordance with the advice and performance of agricultural extension field very real touch with the low category in maize cultivation technology specific.Keywords :      Performance, agricultural extension, adoption of technology, cultivation of corn, Specific locations
Triplex Hybridization of siRNA with Bifacial Glycopolymer Nucleic Acid Enables Hepatocytetargeted Silencing
Authors: Xia Xin , zhou zhun , desantis chris , Rossi John , Bong Dennis
Published: January 2019

We have submitted a new manuscript, entitled “Triplex hybridization of siRNA with bifacial glycopolymer nucleic acid enables hepatocyte-targeted silencing” for consideration as an article in ACS Chemical Biology. My co-authors, Xin Xia, Zhun Zhou, Chris DeSantis, John Rossi and I have agreed on the submission of this manuscript. In the current manuscript, we demonstrate the utility of polyacrylates modified with both an artificial base-triple and a sugar (GalNAc) to serve as an siRNA packaging and delivery platform to hepatocytes in culture and in vivo (mice). This work is based upon our previously published finding that base-triple modified polyacrylates can triplex hybridize with oligo T/U DNA/RNA and deliver luciferase-targeted siRNA to HeLa cells engineered to express luciferase (JACS 2015). Herein, we expand on the scope of this work by employing a well-established liver-targeting ligand (GalNAc) to silence an endogenous human target, ApoB, the primary protein component of low density lipoprotein. Our platform was found to be effective in both hepatocyte (HepG2) cell culture as well as in an animal model of cardiac disease that features elevated ApoB levels. This manuscript thus validates the use of a synthetic platform that is designed to integrate both packaging via triplex hybridization with tissue-targeting ligand display. This enabling method could be useful as a new, convenient siRNA platform that accessible through scalable synthesis. Further, this platform would improve the efficiency of screening siRNA sequences for silencing efficacy using the identical glycopolymer carrier, thus alleviating the need for covalent ligand modification of each RNA substrate as typical for competing technologies.
Branched Sidechain bPNA + Reports on RNA-Loop Tertiary Interactions via Triplex Hybridization Stem Replacement at Internal Domains
Authors: Bong Dennis , Miao Shiqin , Liang Yufeng , Mao Jie , Marathe Ila , Gopalan Venkat
Published: January 2019

We report herein the synthesis and characterization of bPNA+, a new variant of bifacial peptide nucleic acid (bPNA) that binds oligo T/U nucleic acids to form triplex hybrids with good affinity but half the molecular footprint of bPNA. This is accomplished via display of two melamine (M) bases melamine per lysine sidechain on bPNA+ rather than one as previously reported. Lysine derivatives bearing two bases were prepared by double reductive alkylation with melamine acetaldehyde, resulting in a tertiary amine branch point. Importantly, this amino sidechain fosters oligo T/U binding through both base-triple formation and electrostatic interactions, while maintaining selectivity and peptide solubility. The bPNA+ binding site roughly the size of a 6 base-pair stem; this relatively compact perturbation can be genetically encoded at virtually any position within an RNA transcript, and may replace existing stem elements. Subsequent triplex hybridization with fluorophore-labeled bPNA+ triplex hybrids thus accomplishes site-specific labeling of internal RNA locations without the need for chemical modification. We demonstrate herein the use of this strategy for reporting on intermolecular RNA-RNA kissing loop interactions, RNA-protein binding as well as intramolecular RNA tetraloop-tetraloop receptor binding. We anticipate that bPNA+ will have utility as structural probes for dynamic tertiary interactions in long noncoding RNAs.
A COMPARISON AND INTEGRATION BETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR THROUGH SUSTAINABLE ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROMANIAN RURAL AREAS USING BEE ALGORITHM
Authors: GRUIA George , Gruia George Cristian
Published: January 2019

The article is focused on presenting a comparison of the public sector with public administration policies and private sector with economical strategies with the purpose of better integration between the two with case study on the European funds in beekeeping and how by studying the bee behavior we too can develop our society to achieve better results. The scope of the article is to show an overview of the European policies into state members with focus on sustainable economic development of Romanian rural areas. This is part of the authors’ research from the last 10 years with focus on public, economic and social development and represent initial results of their yet not published work.
Foreword
Authors: Epure Manuela
Published: January 2019

Digital transformation, occurred in the past recent years, impacts many areas: from economics to society and reveal new opportunities, today when half of the world’s population is connected to the Internet but less than half trust that technology will make their lives better[1].“Over half of the global population is connected to the internet and has growing access to the sum total of human knowledge at their fingertips. The internet will increasingly bring about ever more transformational changes for human civilization. However, some of these changes will also bring unpredictable costs. We are just now beginning to better understand this ‘Faustian bargain’ ” says Al Gore, co-founder and chairman of Generation Investment Management.[1]  World Economic Forum – Our Shared Digital Future: Building an Inclusive, Trustworthy and Sustainable Digital Society, p.3
Task and ego goal orientations in competitive sport
Authors: Lochbaum Marc , Kazak Çetinkalp Zişan , Graham Kara-Aretha , Wright Taylor , Zazo Ricardo
Published: January 2019

Achievement goal theory (AGT) is a dominant theoretical framework. The purposes of this review were (1) to provide a summary of the task and ego goal orientations literature in competitive sport as measured by the Task and Ego Orientations in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) or the Perceptions of Success in Sport Questionnaire (POSQ), (2) to test the interdependence of the two goal orientations, and (3) to provide the estimated means for both orientations across a number of historically examined moderator variables. 260 studies met inclusion criteria totaling 80,959 unique participants across 39 countries and 32 sports. Youth samples were nearly 50% of all included studies. The meta-analyzed intercorrelations (rw=.18, z=9.96, p<.000) supported the conceptualized interdependence of the two goal orientations. The estimated mean values were 4.15+.30 (task) and 3.04+.51 (ego). However, differences, POSQ compared to TEOSQ, existed in the estimated means (g=.92 task; g=1.09 ego). Thus, the TEOSQ and POSQ samples for the moderator variables (i.e. sex, sport level, sport type, and collective/individualistic countries) were examined separately. Results both supported and refuted the hypotheses and also differed by measure. Because of TEOSQ and POSQ inconsistencies, an additional analysis was undertaken to examine whether the TEOSQ and POSQ differed to a common correlate motivation climate. This analysis revealed measurement differences in the ego to ego climate relationships. In conclusion, AGT has been extensively researched in competitive sport. The inconsistent pattern of results raises a number of future research questions.
Analysis of scored and conceded goals by a football team throughout a season
Authors: Clemente Filipe Manuel , Martins Fernando Manuel Lourenço , Mendes Rui Sousa
Published: January 2019

Network analysis can provide a new set of important information about players and teams’ behaviour throughout a match. Despite their pertinence, football analysis using network metrics is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the goals scored and goals conceded by a single team during a full season using network methods. Thirty-six games were analysed and from these the data about players’ connectivity in actions preceding 46 goals scored and 15 goals conceded were collected. The results showed that the most used players during the plays that resulted in the goals scored were forward players in the forward regions, mainly in the penalty area. The lateral defenders and midfield players were the players that mostly initiated the attacking plays that resulted in the goals scored. In sum, it was possible to conclude that network metrics can provide a new visualization and understanding of team-members’ behaviour, as well as characterize some patterns of play giving sport’s analysts information complementary to the traditional notational analysis.
Influence of half-squat intensity and volume on the subsequent countermovement jump and frequency speed of kick test performance in taekwondo athletes
Authors: da Silva Santos Jonatas Ferreira , Herrera-Valenzuela Tomás , Ribeiro da Mota Gustavo , Franchini Emerson
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different postactivation potentiation conditioning activities’ volumes and intensities on countermovement jump and multiple sets of high speed kicks. Nine taekwondo athletes (M±SD; age: 20.3±5.2 years; height: 177±7.2 cm; body mass: 71.8±15.3 kg; maximum dynamic half-squat 1RM: 132.8±32.5 kg and practice time: 9.6±7.2 years) participated. One control and four experimental conditions were randomly applied. Each condition was composed of warm-up, conditioning activity (half-squat: 1x3 at 50 or 90% 1RM or 3x3 at 50 or 90% 1RM), followed by a 10-minute rest interval, a countermovement jump and five sets of Frequency Speed of Kick Test. The conditions were compared using an analysis of variance with repeated measures, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. The alpha level was set at 5%. The significant difference was found in the number of kicks among sets (F3,21;128,36=25.34; p<.001; η2=.388 [small]). The rating of perceived exertion before control condition was higher than in all experimental protocols (F4,32=6.64; p=.001; η2=.454 [small]). There were no effects of volume and intensity on the variables investigated (maximum countermovement jump, mean countermovement jump, kick decrement, impact and rating of perceived exertion). Our results indicate that taekwondo athletes does not improve performance after conditioning activities of different volumes and intensities.
Ground travel-induced impairment of wellness is associated with fitness and travel distance in young soccer players
Authors: Rabbani Alireza , Buchheit Martin
Published: January 2019

The aims of this study were to 1) investigate the influence of ground travel on wellness measures, and 2) examine the possible influence of travel distance and fitness on the magnitude of these possible changes. Compared with home matches, wellness measures showed moderate-to-large impairments of wellness of soccer players for away matches the day prior to the match (D-1) (range; +5 to 68%, [90%CL 1-88]; standardized difference: range; +.6 to +1.75 [.1-2.07]) and small-to-large impairments the day of the match (D-0, range; +7 to +68.1 [-1.6-87.5]; standardized difference, range; +.24 to 1.78, [-.06-2.15]), respectively. There were large and very large negative relationships between the increases of fatigue (r = -.84, 90%CL -.95; -.56) or soreness (at D-1 r = -.80, -.93; -.84) and players’ fitness. There were also very large positive correlations between actual wellness measures and traveling distance to away locations (r range; .70 to .87). Ground travel-induced impairment of wellness is associated with fitness and distance of away locations in young soccer players. Simple wellness questionnaires could be used to effectively monitor young soccer players’ freshness and readiness to train or compete during away games.
A meta-analytic review of achievement goal orientation correlates in competitive sport
Authors: Lochbaum Marc , Zazo Ricardo , Kazak Çetinkalp Zişan , Wright Taylor , Graham Kara-Aretha , Konttinen Niilo
Published: January 2019

Recent quantitative research in competitive sport with the Task and Ego Orientations in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and Perceptions of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) pointed to a potential critical issue that the two questionnaires did not agree across a number tested hypotheses (Lochbaum, Kazak Çetinkalp, Graham, Wright, & Zazo, 2016). Thus, the present quantitative review examined whether correlates of the two achievement goal orientations were moderated by the two measures. To achieve this purpose, 772 unique correlates (489 TEOSQ, 283 POSQ; 402 task orientation, 370 ego orientation) from 93 studies spanning 1989-2016 from 32 countries with 26,387 participants were placed into 15 different categories and meta-analyzed. The task goal orientation was significantly and small to moderate in meaningfulness related to adaptive success factors (rw=.29), maladaptive success factors (rw=-.12), desirable behaviors (rw=.28), positive emotions (rw=.35), amotivation (rw=-.13), extrinsic motivation (rw=.20), external regulations (rw=.12), internal regulations (rw=.34), intrinsic motivation (rw=.47), the mastery/task climate (rw=.38), perceived competence (rw=.26), and trait selfesteem (rw=.35). The ego goal orientation was significantly and small in meaningfulness related to adaptive success factors (rw=.10), maladaptive success factors (rw=.12), negative emotions (rw=.11), undesirable behaviors (rw=.23), amotivation (rw=.16), extrinsic motivation (rw=.28), external regulation (rw=.21), intrinsic motivation (rw=.14), performance/ego climate (rw=.28), and perceived competence (rw=.17). The questionnaire measure was a significant moderator for the task goal orientation relationship with desirable behaviors (POSQ rw=.24; TEOSQ rw=.37), internal regulations (POSQ rw=.26; TEOSQ rw=.39), and trait self-esteem (POSQ rw=.45; TEOSQ rw=.32) and for the ego goal orientation relationship with performance/ego climate (POSQ rw=.34; TEOSQ rw=.24). Overall, the extent of the questionnaire type being a concern when examining correlates was fortunately minimal. Yet, differences in the two dominant measures exit. Recommendations for future research examining both the TEOSQ and POSQ were proposed.