bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Task Allocation and Path Planning of a Multi-Robot System Using Heuristic Coupled Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Majumder Arindam , Ghosh Rajib
Published: January 2020

This study deals with a plant layout where there were ninety predefined locations which have to be inspected by using three multiple robots in such a way that there would not be any collisions between the robots. A heuristic integrated multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm (HPSO) is developed for allocating tasks to each robot and planning of path while moving from one task location to another. For optimal path planning of each robot the research utilized A* algorithm. The task allocation for each robot is carried out using a modified multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm where the earliest completion time (ECT) inspired technique is used to make the algorithm applicable in multi robot task allocation problems. At the later stage of this study, in order to test the capability of HPSO an instance is solved by the algorithm and is compared with the existing solutions of a genetic algorithm with the A* algorithm. The computational results showed the superiority of the proposed algorithm over existing algorithms.
Temperature Gradient-Based Laser Bending of Full Plates and Plates With Cutout
Authors: Kalvettukaran Paramasivan , Das Sandip , Marimuthu Sundar , Misra Dipten
Published: January 2020

The laser bending process, also called the laser forming process, consists of irradiating the surface of a sheet or a plate by means of a moving laser beam with a predefined scanning strategy to generate the desired shape through thermally induced residual stress. This chapter presents the mechanisms of a laser bending process and the technological aspects concerning laser v-bending of rectangular AISI 304 plates for full plates and plates with a central cutout at its middle to highlight the process fundamentals and how processing affects the final bending angle of the workpieces. Laser bending involving plates with a cutout will have numerous applications for car bodies, such as front and rear panels where bending is required to be performed on panels with cutout geometries. To investigate the effects of shape and size of the cutout on temperature distribution, stress distribution, and final bending angle, different shapes such as circular, ellipse, rectangular, and square, as well as different dimensions of cutouts have been chosen.
Corrosion Protection of Construction Steel
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Arkadeb , Sahoo Sarmila
Published: January 2020

Reinforced concrete is one of the most versatile materials for construction. In spite of this, the performance is limited by corrosion, cracking, and spalling of the steel rebars. The steel embedded in the concrete is protected by a passive film from the corrosive attack of chlorides, carbon dioxide, and sulphates. As the concentration of chlorides, carbon dioxide, or sulphates increases above a certain threshold value at the concrete rebar interface, the passive film breaks and leads to a severe increase in the corrosion rate. Further, dynamic loading and the temperature of the surroundings also affect the durability of the reinforcements. The rebar may be protected from such a corrosion attack by the suitable selection of material, improving the concrete quality and tailoring its composition or application of protective coatings. The present chapter highlights and summarizes the different grades of steel for their high corrosion resistance. Further, surface engineering and application of corrosion resistance coatings for the prevention of corrosion of construction steel rebars has been also discussed elaborately.
Supply Chain Management via System Dynamics in Flexible Manufacturing System
Authors: Şenaras Arzu Eren , Şenaras Onur Mesut
Published: January 2020

System dynamics is a method that allows analysts to separate complex social, and behavioral systems into components, to visualize them by reconstructing them as a whole again, and to develop a simulation model. In this chapter, a system dynamics model is developed for a flexible manufacturing system. The case study is developed using Vensim package program. To manage a flexible manufacturing system it is important to determine production schedule rules and examine results. System dynamics is a tool to test these rules without any production loss.
Total Quality Management and Quality Engineering
Authors: Das Shubhajit , Roy Kakoli , Nampi Tage
Published: January 2020

Total quality management (TQM) is a set of the systematic management approaches for the continuous improvement of quality standards of products, services, and business relations with employees and consumers. This chapter mainly focusses on the eight key principles of TQM, the involvement of workers, leadership, process approach, strategic approach, continuous improvement, together for a factual approach to decision-making and communication. This chapter also discusses a four-part management model that implements continuous quality improvements and process control in different stages of an organization based on the Deming cycle or the Shewhart cycle. Quality engineering encompasses a broad range of methodologies and tools, which include quality management systems, advanced product quality planning (APQP), tools like quality function development (QFD), failure modes, and effects analysis (FMEA), statistical process control (SPC), and are widely accepted methodologies used in industries.
Factors That Influence Retail Equity Investors to Patronize Islamic Stockbroking in Malaysia
Authors: Abduh Muhamad , Asfan Faizal
Published: January 2020

This study investigates factors that influence retail equity investors to patronize Islamic stockbroking in Malaysia and ranks their level of importance using Analytical Hierarchy Process. Data are collected using questionnaire via online and offline survey among clients, individuals who work in the stockbroking industry and stockbroking related industry such as fund managers, unit trust managers, and mutual funds. The results show that religiosity and product awareness significantly influence the patronizing behavior of Malaysian retail equity investors. On the other hand, economic motives, convenience, social influence, and attractiveness of stock investment ranked below religiosity and product awareness. In view of the findings, stockbroking industry players such as investment bank, stockbroking firm, or participating organization should take advantage of the religiosity and product awareness factors as a main focus to develop Islamic stockbroking service in Malaysia. Sales, marketing and business development strategies can be designed according to the said criteria.
Financial Accessibility and Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Thas Thaker Mohamed Asmy Bin , Mohd Thas Thaker Hassanudin Bin , Pai Wei Choong
Published: January 2020

One of the common problems faced by worldwide SMEs including Malaysia is accessing external financial services. Given this fact, this chapter offers a sustainable model of source of financing for Malaysian SMEs in meeting their financial need, which is known as Islamic Crowdfunding-Small and Medium Enterprises (ICSMEs) model. Authors review comprehensive literature by focusing on the issues of financial accessibility faced by Malaysian SMEs, and the existing studies relating to SMEs, crowdfunding, and Islamic finance in support to construct ICSME model. Authors discuss the modus operandi of the proposed ICSME model and offer several significances of the model.
Managerial Innovation for Digital Healthcare Transformation
Authors: Ziadlou Dina
Published: January 2020

Digital technologies adoption has modernized the performance of healthcare organizations to a superior level. Nowadays, healthcare organizations in the digital transformation journey have encountered the challenges to adopt and adapt their strategies to achieve effective, desired outcomes. In the digital era, management innovation plays a critical and significant role in removing barriers that hinder progress. This chapter has focused on one of the components of organization innovation, which is managerial innovation. The healthcare service modernization based on digital transformation needs a higher level of managerial innovation. The author has elaborated five critical factors including change, digitalization, leadership, healthcare stakeholders, and globalization in managerial innovation. These factors lead the organizations to be capable of achieving sustainable effectiveness and making a value-creating system through managerial innovation.
Profound Learning
Authors: Kroth Michael , Carr-Chellman Davin J.
Published: January 2020

This is an exploratory Delphi study investigating profound learning, the profound learner, and profound living. The strength of the Delphi technique is leveraging expertise to understand an amorphous problem, such as the concept of profundity explored in this study. The authors could find no evidence of a comprehensive research agenda being conducted to understand profound learning or the profound learner. Though there may be iterations of this topic being investigated, it seems safe to say that profound learning, per se, is understudied. The purpose of this exploratory study was to develop an initial conceptual and theoretical foundation for profundity specifically related to profound learning, the profound learner, and profound living. Seven themes were identified for qualities of profundity, six themes were identified for qualities of profound learning, eight themes were identified for qualities of a profound learner, and six themes were identified for qualities of profound living. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Adult Education Research Conference, June 2018.
Blended Approach for Learning English as Second Language
Authors: Lankapalli Rajesh , Rao Y.V.G. Nukeswara
Published: January 2020

This article describes how over the years, education systems, academics, and students have undergone many modifications with the appearance of the latest technologies. This variation is clear particularly in implementation within the pedagogic structures of the education system. On par with different subject areas especially in English language teaching is additionally taking advantage of the blended mode of learning. Blended learning is for people who would like to advance their skills through face-to-face learning, while supporting their learning with online and remote learning activities.
Memory and I/O Optimized Rectilinear Steiner Minimum Tree Routing For VLSI
Authors: Latha N R  , Prasad G R
Published: January 2020

As the size of devices are scaling down at rapid pace, the interconnect delay play a major part in performance of IC chips. Therefore minimizing delay and wire length is the most desired objective. FLUTE (Fast Look-Up table) presented a fast and accurate RSMT (Rectilinear Steiner Minimum Tree) construction for both smaller and higher degree net. In this paper, FLUTE presented an optimization technique that reduces time complexity for RSMT construction for both smaller and larger degree nets. However for larger degree net this technique induces memory overhead, as it does not consider the memory requirement in constructing RSMT. Since availability of memory is very less and is expensive, it is desired to utilize memory more efficiently which in turn results in reducing I/O time (i.e. reduce the number of I/O disk access). The proposed work presents a Memory Optimized RSMT (MORSMT) construction in order to address the memory overhead for larger degree net. The depth-first search and divide and conquer approach is adopted to build a Memory optimized tree. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed approach over existing model for varied benchmarks in term of computation time, memory overhead and wire length. The experimental results show that the proposed model is scalable and efficient.
Weighted Rough Set Theory for Fetal Heart Rate Classification
Authors: Kumar S. Udhaya , Azar Ahmad Taher , Inbarani H. Hannah , Liyaskar O. Joseph , Almustafa Khaled Mohamad
Published: January 2020

A novel weighted rough set-based classification approach is introduced for the evaluation of fetal nature acquired from a CardioTocoGram (CTG) signal. The classification is essential to anticipate newborn's well-being, particularly for the life-threatening cases. CTG monitoring comprises of electronic fetal heart rate (FHR), fetal activities and the uterine contraction (UC) signals. These signals are extensively used as a part of the pregnancy and give extremely significant data on fetal health. The obtained data from these recordings can be utilized to anticipate the condition of the newborn baby, which gives an open door for early medication before perpetual deficiency to the fetus. The dimension of the obtained features from CTG is high and decreases the accuracy of classification algorithms. In this article, supervised particle swarm optimization (PSO) with a rough set-based dimensionality reduction method is used to find a minimal set of significant features from CTG extracted features. The proposed weighted rough set classifier (WRSC) method is utilized for predicting the fetal condition as normal and pathological states. The performance of the proposed WRSC algorithm is compared with various classification algorithms such as bijective soft set neural network classifier (BISONN), rough set-based classifier (RST), multi-layered perceptron (MLP), decision table (DT), Java repeated incremental pruning (JRIP) classifier, J48 and Naïve Bayes (NB) classifiers. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is capable of forecasting the fetal state with 98.5% classification accuracy, and the results show that the proposed classification algorithm performed considerably superior than other classification techniques.
A Machine Learning-Based Lexicon Approach for Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Sahu Tirath Prasad , Khandekar Sarang
Published: January 2020

Sentiment analysis can be a very useful aspect for the extraction of useful information from text documents. The main idea for sentiment analysis is how people think for a particular online review, i.e. product reviews, movie reviews, etc. Sentiment analysis is the process where these reviews are classified as positive or negative. The web is enriched with huge amount of reviews which can be analyzed to make it meaningful. This article presents the use of lexicon resources for sentiment analysis of different publicly available reviews. First, the polarity shift of reviews is handled by negations. Intensifiers, punctuation and acronyms are also taken into consideration during the processing phase. Second, words are extracted which have some opinion; these words are then used for computing score. Third, machine learning algorithms are applied and the experimental results show that the proposed model is effective in identifying the sentiments of reviews and opinions.
Green Banking Adoption
Authors: Nisha Nabila , Iqbal Mehree , Rifat Afrin
Published: January 2020

Today, commercial banks of the most environmentally affected countries invest voluntarily in social and environmental activities that targets socially-responsive business in the form of green banking. However, state-owned banks often encounter challenges in doing so since they operate in centralized manner and often lack in resources, government support and client base compared to commercial banks. Moreover, green banking initiates major changes in working environment and alters the provision of banking services for bankers in developing countries like Bangladesh. Given such challenges, it is important to examine the attitude of bankers working in state-owned banks towards the adoption of green banking. Findings claim that central bank regulations, followed by facilitating conditions and environmental concerns, are some of the factors that influence bankers' overall perceptions. Results indicate that bankers are fairly pragmatic in developing general attitudes towards the use of green banking as part of their work activities in all state-owned banks.
A Psychometric Analysis Update of Behavioral Pain Assessment Tools for Noncommunicative, Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Gélinas Céline , Joffe Aaron M. , Szumita Paul M. , Payen Jean-Francois , Bérubé Mélanie , Shahiri T. Shiva , Boitor Madalina , Chanques Gerald , Puntillo Kathleen A.
Published: January 2020

This is an updated, comprehensive review of the psychometric properties of behavioral pain assessment tools for use with noncommunicative, critically ill adults. Articles were searched in 5 health databases. A total of 106 articles were analyzed, including 54 recently published papers. Nine behavioral pain assessment tools developed for noncommunicative critically ill adults and 4 tools developed for other non-communicative populations were included. The scale development process, reliability, validity, feasibility, and clinical utility were analyzed using a 0 to 20 scoring system, and quality of evidence was also evaluated. The Behavioral Pain Scale, the Behavioral Pain Scale-Nonintubated, and the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool remain the tools with the strongest psychometric properties, with validation testing having been conducted in multiple countries and various languages. Other tools may be good alternatives, but additional research on them is necessary.
OSBP-Related Protein 5L Maintains Intracellular IP3/Ca2+ Signaling and Proliferation in T Cells by Facilitating PIP2 Hydrolysis
Authors: Xu Mengyang , Zhu Biying , Cao Xiuye , Li Shannai , Li Dan , Zhou Huihao , Olkkonen Vesa M. , Zhong Wenbin , Xu Jun , Yan Daoguang
Published: January 2020

Phospholipase C (PLC) isoforms play central roles in signaling cascades by cleaving PIP2 into the second messengers IP3 and DAG. In this study, to our knowledge, we uncover that ORP5L interacts physically with PLCγ1 in T cells, extracts PIP2 from the plasma membrane via its ORD domain (OSBP-related domain), presents it to PLCγ1 (enabling IP3 generation), and eventually maintains intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Through this mechanism, ORP5L promotes T cell proliferation in a Ca2+-activated NFAT2-dependent manner. To our knowledge, our study uncovers a new key function of ORP5L as a critical cofactor for PLCγ1 catalysis and its crucial role in human T cell proliferation.
Antibody Opsonization of a TLR9 Agonist–Containing Virus-like Particle Enhances In Situ Immunization
Authors: Lemke-Miltner Caitlin D. , Blackwell Sue E. , Yin Chaobo , Krug Anna E. , Morris Aaron J. , Krieg Arthur M. , Weiner George J.
Published: January 2020

The immunologic and therapeutic effects of intratumoral (IT) delivery of a novel virus-like particle as a lymphoma immunotherapy were evaluated in preclinical studies with human cells and a murine model. CMP-001 is a virus-like particle composed of the Qβ bacteriophage capsid protein encapsulating an immunostimulatory CpG-A oligodeoxynucleotide TLR9 agonist. In vitro, CMP-001 induced cytokine production, including IFN-α from plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but only in the presence of anti-Qβ Ab. In vivo, IT CMP-001 treatment of murine A20 lymphoma enhanced survival and reduced growth of both injected and contralateral noninjected tumors in a manner dependent on both the ability of mice to generate anti-Qβ Ab and the presence of T cells. The combination of IT CMP-001 with systemic anti–PD-1 enhanced antitumor responses in both injected and noninjected tumors. IT CMP-001 alone or combined with anti–PD-1 augmented T cell infiltration in tumor-draining lymph nodes. We conclude IT CMP-001 induces a robust antitumor T cell response in an anti-Qβ Ab–dependent manner and results in systemic antitumor T cell effects that are enhanced by anti–PD-1 in a mouse model of B cell lymphoma. Early-phase clinical evaluation of CMP-001 and anti–PD-1 combination therapy in lymphoma will begin shortly, based in part on these results.
Systematic Evaluation of Chemically Distinct Tissue Optical Clearing Techniques in Murine Lymph Nodes
Authors: Matryba Paweł , Sosnowska Anna , Wolny Artur , Bozycki Lukasz , Greig Alan , Grzybowski Jakub , Stefaniuk Marzena , Nowis Dominika , Gołąb Jakub
Published: January 2020

Activation of adaptive immunity is a complex process coordinated at multiple levels in both time and the three-dimensional context of reactive lymph nodes (LNs). Although microscopy-based visualization of its spatiotemporal dynamics unravels complexities of developing immune response, such approach is highly limited by light-obstructing nature of tissue components. Recently, tissue optical clearing (TOC) techniques were established to bypass this obstacle and now allow to image and quantify the entire murine organs with cellular resolution. However, the spectrum of TOC is represented by wide variety of chemically distinct methods, each having certain advantages and disadvantages that were unsatisfactorily compared for suitability to LNs clearing. In this study, we have systematically tested 13 typical TOC techniques and assessed their impact on a number of critical factors such as LN transparency, imaging depth, change in size, compatibility with proteinaceous fluorophores, immunostaining, H&E staining, and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. Based on the detailed data specific to TOC process of murine LNs, we provide a reliable reference for most suitable methods in an application-dependent manner.
Exercise physiology at a glance
Authors: Van Rensburg A. J.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Post-myocardial infarction rehabilitation
Authors: Dercksen M.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
The pinch gauge
Authors: Speakman Haddon G. , Weisberg Joseph
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Expanding physiotherapy
Authors: Glauber Katherine A.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
The principle of physiotherapy workshops
Authors: Oosthuizen G.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Treatment of burns in a general hospital
Authors: Gilder Narina
Published: January 2020

‘n Beskrywing van ’n behandelingstegniek vir pasiente wat met brandwonde in ’n algemene hospitaal opgeneem word. Die tegniek is ontwikkel terwyl die skryfster Eerste terapeut in bevel van die Fisioterapie Afdeling van die GA Ramkuwa Hospitaal naby Pretoria, was. Nagenoeg ‘n 1000 pasiente is oor ’n tydperk van 12 maande in die chirugiese sale opgeneem. Twee gewone 40-bed sale is afgesonder vir kinders en volwasse mans, terwyl die vroue in ‘n “gemengde” chirurgiese saal behandel is. Die sukses van ’n streng en eenvoudig toe behandelingsmetode, met vroee eksisie van nekrotiese weefsel en veloorplanting, streng beheer van beta-hemoliktiese streptokok en pseudomonas infeksie; spanwerk tussen alle personeel word bespreek, asook die probleme wat ondervind is, word bespreek.
The psychiatric casualty of war
Authors: Levin A.
Published: January 2020

'n Oorsig van psigiatriese ongevolle ten tye van oorlog word gegee.  Dis reeds in 1904 beskryf. Oorsake en die kliniese beeld (in twee fases) word omskryf. Daar word na die situasie in Israel, waar vyf oorloe in 25 jaar ondervind is, verwys. Onder behandeling word keuring van soldate, voorkoming, akute en chroniese toestande, asook terugkeer na die slagveld bespreek. Die skrywer raak ook die kwessie van burgerlike ongevalle en die invloed op die familie van soldate aan.
Obituary: Miss G.M. Sutherland
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Pharmacognostical, DNA Barcoding, and Phytochemical Analysis on Leaves of Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem
Authors: Acharya Rabinarayan , Jani Switu V , Rudrappa Harisha C , Shukla Vinay J
Published: January 2020

Aim:

Hanshia dabar or hatkhan is one of the folklore plants of Odisha, which has been identified as Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem. of the family Vitaceae. Traditionally, its leaves are claimed to be used in the treatment of cancer. Pharmacognostical evaluation of various parts of the plants has not been reported. The present study has been designed to carry out detailed macro- and microscopic, physiochemical, and phytochemical aspects of leaves of L. macrophylla.

Materials and methods:

The fresh leaves, collected from Gandhamardan hills, Odisha, during the month of September 2016 were examined for its pharmacognostical characters and physicochemical, qualitative analysis, and HPTLC studies were done following the standard protocols recommended by the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.

Results:

Leaves are compound, unipinnate, leaflets two pairs, and one terminal with short petiolule. Transverse section of rachis resembles the anatomy of stem and that of petiolule is somewhat deeply lobed heart shaped, section passing through midrib resembles inverted bell shape with two wings, one anterior and other posterior both ending with tapering ends. Leaf powder is greenish in color and microscopy reveals the presence of paracytic stomata. The plant is identified as L. macrophylla based on sequence homology and phylogenic analysis. Loss on drying is 7.39 ± 1.26, and qualitative results show the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, and HPTLC profile shows 6, 6, and 5 spots at short UV, long UV, and visible light, respectively.

Conclusion:

Leea macrophylla is a shrub with unipinnate compound leaves, and the leaflets possess 5-7 nerves arising from petiolule. Microscopic typical features of leaves belonging to genus Leea are the presence of raphides sacs, secretory cells, acicular crystals, and warty trichomes. The results obtained from the phytochemical study will be helpful in the determination of strength of purity and also for further standardization of the plant.
Establishment of Quality Parameters for Flowers of Karanja [Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre] through Powder Microscopy and Phytochemical Studies
Authors: Bolleddu Rajesh , Mangal Anupam K , Venkatesh Sama , Bhongiri Bhargav , Varanasi Subhose , Rao Meda M
Published: January 2020

Background:

Karanja (Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre), generally known as “Indian beech,” is a plant of high medicinal importance, possessing several beneficial effects such as antimicrobial, wound healing, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, and neuroprotective, which is widely used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to establish the pharmacognostical and physicochemical standards for flowers of an ayurvedic plant, Karanja.

Materials and methods:

Pharmacognostical analysis was done by morphological, macroscopical, and powder microscopy. Physicochemical standards were established by ash values, extractive values, phytochemical screening, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods.

Results and conclusion:

Flower powder microscopy shows diagnostic characters like unicellular trichomes of different sizes and triangular-shaped pollen grains. Loss on drying value of flower powder was 9.7% w/w. Total ash values of drug were found to be 6.15% and acid insoluble ash 0.3% w/w with respect to air-dried crude drug. Water soluble and alcohol-soluble extractives were found to be 25.5 and 6.37% w/w, respectively. Phytochemical characterization of alcoholic extracts revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and steroids. Aqueous extract revealed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, and saponins. Various powder microscopical and phytochemical studies observed in this study can serve as a valuable tool for the authentication of Karanja flowers.
Proximity patterns in water buffaloes' activities on pasture
Authors: Tsiobani Eleni T. , Yiakoulaki Maria D. , Hasanagas Nikolaos D. , Antoniou Ioannis E.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Water buffaloes are considered social animals and perform several activities
on pasture, such as grazing, moving, standing, ruminating, wallowing, lying,
and drinking. However, the way these animals form their social structure in
the herd during each one of these activities is still unknown. Literature
for water buffaloes has focused mainly on their productive characteristics,
impact of grazing on wetlands and behavior during grazing but failed to
address the way these animals form their social organization during their
activities on pasture. In this study, the tools of social network analysis
are used to analyze, detect, and depict the proximity patterns in water
buffaloes' activities on pasture and the effect of their age and gender on
them. We describe and interpret a series of global and local network
indices, and show that the water buffaloes differentiate their social
structure in their activities on pasture and that the animals' age and
gender affect their interacting patterns, and provide a framework for the
application of social network analysis on grazing animals' social behavioral
studies. We expect that this framework could be used in future research to
provide information regarding the social structure of other kinds of animals
that graze in different forage and climatic environments and help animal
breeders to improve their management practices.
A Bayesian framework for emergent constraints: case studies of
climate sensitivity with PMIP
Authors: Renoult Martin , Annan James Douglas , Hargreaves Julia Catherine , Sagoo Navjit , Flynn Clare , Kapsch Marie-Luise , Mikolajewicz Uwe , Ohgaito Rumi , Mauritsen Thorsten
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In this paper we introduce a Bayesian framework, which is flexible and explicit about the prior assumptions, for using model ensembles and observations together to constrain future climate change. The emergent constraint approach has seen broad application in recent years, including studies constraining the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) using the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP). Most of these studies were based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) fits between a variable of the climate state, such as tropical temperature, and climate sensitivity. Using our Bayesian method, and considering the LGM and mPWP separately, we obtain values of ECS of 2.7 K (1.1–4.8, 5–95 percentiles) using the PMIP2, PMIP3 and PMIP4 data sets for the LGM, and 2.4 K (0.4–5.0) with the PlioMIP1 and PlioMIP2 data sets for the mPWP. Restricting the ensembles to include only the most recent version of each model, we obtain 2.7 K (1.1–4.3) using the LGM and 2.4 K (0.4–5.1) using the mPWP. An advantage of the Bayesian framework is that it is possible to combine the two periods assuming they are independent, whereby we obtain a slightly tighter constraint of 2.6 K (1.1–3.9). We have explored the sensitivity to our assumptions in the method, including considering structural uncertainty, and in the choice of models, and this leads to 95 % probability of climate sensitivity mostly below 5 and never exceeding 6 K. The approach is compared with other approaches based on OLS, a Kalman filter method and an alternative Bayesian method. An interesting implication of this work is that OLS-based emergent constraints on ECS generate tighter uncertainty estimates, in particular at the lower end, suggesting a higher bound by construction in case of weaker correlation. Although some fundamental challenges related to the use of emergent constraints remain, this paper provides a step towards a better foundation of their potential use in future probabilistic estimation of climate sensitivity.
PMIP4/CMIP6 Last Interglacial simulations using different versions of MIROC, with and without vegetation feedback
Authors: O'ishi Ryouta , Chan Wing-Le , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Sherriff-Tadano Sam , Ohgaito Rumi
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We carry out a Last Interglacial (LIG) experiment, named lig127k and a Tier1 experiment of PMIP4/CMIP6, using three versions of the MIROC model, MIROC4m, MIROC4m-LPJ and MIROC-ES2L. The results are compared with reconstructions from climate proxy data. All models show summer warming over northern high latitude land, reflecting the differences between the distributions of the LIG and present-day solar irradiance. Only MIROC4m-LPJ, which includes dynamical vegetation feedback from the change in vegetation distribution, shows warming signals, even for the annual mean, at northern high latitudes, as shown by proxy data. However, the latest Earth System Model (ESM) of MIROC, MIROC-ES2L, in which there is only a partial vegetation effect through the leaf area index, shows no change or even annual cooling over large parts of the northern hemisphere. Results from the series of experiments show that the inclusion of vegetation feedback is necessary for the reproduction of the strong annual warming over land at northern high latitudes. The LIG experimental results show that the warming predicted by models is still underestimated, even with dynamical vegetation, compared to reconstructions from proxy data, suggesting that further investigation and improvement to the climate feedback mechanism are needed.
A multi-hazard risk prioritization framework for cultural heritage assets
Authors: Sevieri Giacomo , Galasso Carmine , D'Ayala Dina , De Jesus Richard , Oreta Andres , Grio Mary Earl Daryl A. , Ibabao Rhodella
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Multi-hazard risk assessment of building portfolios is of primary importance in natural-hazard-prone areas, particularly for the prioritization of disaster risk reduction and resilience-enhancing strategies. In this context, cultural heritage assets require special consideration because of their high vulnerability to natural hazards – due to ageing and the type of constructions – and their strong links with communities from both an economic and a historical/sociocultural perspective. As part of the Cultural Heritage Resilience & Sustainability to multiple Hazards (CHeRiSH) project, funded by the UK Newton Fund, this paper introduces a multi-hazard risk prioritisation framework specifically developed for cultural heritage assets. The proposed framework relies on a multi-level rapid-visual-survey (RVS) form for the multi-hazard data collection and risk prioritization of case-study assets. Because of the multi-level architecture of the proposed RVS form, based on three levels of refinement/information, an increasing degree of accuracy can be achieved in the estimation of structural vulnerability and, ultimately structural risk of the considered assets. At the lowest level of refinement, the collected data are used for the computation of seismic and wind risk prioritization indices, specifically calibrated in this study for cultural heritage assets with various structural/non-structural features. The resulting indices are then combined into a unique multi-hazard risk prioritization index in which the intangible value of cultural heritage assets is also considered. This is achieved by defining a score expressing the cultural significance of the asset. The analytic hierarchy process is extensively used throughout the study to reduce the subjectivity involved in the framework, thus obtaining a simplified, yet robust, approach which can be adapted to different building typologies. The proposed framework is applied to 25 heritage buildings in Iloilo City, Philippines, for which innovative, non-invasive techniques and tools for improved surveying have also been tested. Thermal and omnidirectional cameras have helped in the collection of structural data, together with drones for the inspection of roofs. Results of the study are presented and critically discussed, highlighting advantages and drawbacks of the use of new technologies in this field.
Waveguidability of idealized midlatitude jets and the limitations of ray tracing theory
Authors: Wirth Volkmar
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Ray paths of stationary Rossby waves emanating from a local mid-latitude source are usually refracted equatorward. However, this general tendency for equatorward propagation is mitigated by the presence of a midlatitude jet which acts as a zonal waveguide. This opens the possibility for circum-global teleconnections and quasi-resonance, which suggests that the ability to guide a wave in the zonal direction is an important jet property. This paper investigates waveguidability of idealized midlatitude jets in a barotropic model on the sphere. A forced-dissipative model configuration with a local source for Rossby waves is used in order to quantify waveguidability by diagnosing the latitudinal distribution of waviness in a longitudinal sector far downstream of the forcing. Systematic sensitivity experiments show that waveguidability increases smoothly with increasing jet amplitude and with decreasing jet width. This result is contrasted with the predictions from two idealized theoretical concepts based on (1) ray tracing as derived from Wenztel-Kramers-Brillouin (short: WKB) theory and (2) a sharp jet with a zonally oriented front of potential vorticity. The existence of two so-called turning latitudes, which is the key diagnostic for a zonal waveguide according to ray tracing theory, turns out to be a poor predictor for the dependence of waveguidability on jet amplitude and jet width obtained in the numerical simulations. By contrast, the meridional gradient of potential vorticity correlates fairly well with the diagnosed waveguidability. The poor predictions from ray tracing are not surprising, because the underlying WKB assumptions are not satisfied in the current context. The failure of WKB is traced back to the properties of the underlying equations, and a heuristic argument is presented to elucidate the potential of the PV gradient to act as a proxy for waveguidability.
Assessment of a rotor blade extension retrofit as a supplement to the lifetime extension of wind turbines
Authors: Rosemeier Malo , Saathoff Matthias
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The potential lifetime of wind turbine components is usually not fully utilized as the site conditions are less severe than assumed in the turbine design. Operators of wind farms can make use of the excess fatigue budget to increase the energy yield and thus decrease the levelized cost of energy (LCoE). To achieve this, the lifetime of the turbine can be extended until the fatigue budget is exhausted. Alternatively, a rotor blade extension (RBE) is an option to increase the energy yield of a wind turbine. An RBE increases the blade length and thus the swept area and the energy yield. An RBE also increases the loads on the turbine, however. Higher fatigue loads in turn reduce the fatigue budget of a turbine. This study investigates whether the use of an RBE is advantageous compared with a sole lifetime extension (LTE). As the use case, a commercial 1.5 MW turbine located in Northern Germany was investigated. Aero-servo-elastic multi-body load simulations and simplified static load simulations were verified with each other. These simulations revealed the loads to determine the fatigue budget of the turbine components. Since the blade became the critical component when a certain RBE length was exceeded, the blade was subjected to a structural fatigue analysis. The fatigue analysis focused on the trailing edge bond line which became critical when lead-lag loads increased with blade length. Finally, the energy production gains due to LTE and RBE were assessed. For the use case turbine, this study revealed an LTE of 8.7 years after a design life of 20 years with an additional energy yield of 43.5 %. Moreover, the extension of the 34 m blade with an RBE length of 0.8 m further increased the yield by 2.3 %.
TREATISES OF GOVERNMENT AND TREATISES OF ANARCHY
Authors: Harris James
Published: January 2020

I argue that one of John Locke's intentions in writing Two Treatises of Government  was to turn the tables on Sir Robert Filmer and his followers when it came to the question of practical consequences of writing and publishing political philosophy. According to Locke, it was Filmer's thesis of natural subjection that had seditious ramifications. The doctrine of natural liberty and equality, by contrast, was no threat to the peace and order of a well-governed state. I show first that Locke is correct in his claim that in Patriarcha Filmer is, by his own admission and according to the logic of his own argument, a theorist of de factopolitical power. This meant, according to Locke, that Filmer has no account of the moral basis of allegiance. To that extent, Filmer has no case to make against the usurper. On other hand, I then argue, there is evidence in the Second Treatise that Locke was attuned to the worries that Filmer raises about the consequences of the thesis of natural liberty. Locke sought, in a number of ways, to contain the potentially destabilizing implications of his own conclusions. In conclusion I make a tentative suggestion as to how this concern with the practical consequences of flawed political theory might explain Locke's decision to publish both of the two Treatises in 1689.
Internacionalização da educação superior e avaliação da qualidade da pós-graduação: riscos e perspectivas no Brasil e no Reino Unido
Authors: Azevedo Mário Luiz Neves de , Oliveira João Ferreira de
Published: January 2020

Neste texto, analisamos o papel da CAPES na avaliação da pós-graduação (stricto sensu) e em sua política de internacionalização, considerando principalmente o Programa Institucional de Internacionalização (CAPES-PrInt), sem negligenciar elementos que indicam a existência de processo de mercadorização e transnacionalização da educação superior, com tendências de formação de um mercado global de educação superior. Para tanto, visando ilustrar essa discussão, trazemos alguns elementos desse processo no Brasil e no Reino Unido. Entendemos que há tensões e desafios que precisam ser considerados ao adotar a internacionalização como critério fundamental que distingue a qualidade e a excelência acadêmica na pós-graduação stricto sensu, podendo implicar na conformação de novos modelos de Pós-Graduação e na reestruturação do trabalho acadêmico.
Magic consumption: a study in the context of soccer fans
Authors: Quintão Ronan Torres , Pereira Verônica Fujise , Baêta Rafael Antônio Santana
Published: January 2020

Objetivo do estudo: entender como o consumidor atribui significado mágico ao produto, revestindo-o de poderes mágicos. Metodologia/abordagem: foram realizadas 10 entrevistas fenomenológicas com torcedores de time de futebol. Os dados qualitativos foram analisados utilizando-se a abordagem hermenêutica. Originalidade/relevância: a magia está em todo lugar em um estado difuso, entretanto pouco ainda se sabe sobre como os consumidores revestem os produtos de poderes mágicos por meio de rituais de consumo. Principais resultados: como resultado, a pesquisa explica como o consumidor atribui poder mágico ao produto performando (1) ritual de escolha do produto, (2) ritual de revestimento do pensamento mágico, (3) ritual de uso do produto mágico. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: o trabalho contribui para os estudos sobre pensamento mágico, explicando como os consumidores empreendem esforços para imbuir os objetos de poderes mágicos, assim como papel desses objetos na vida dos consumidores que revestem de magia as suas experiências de consumo.
Experiences of a campaign to the reaffirmation of identity in a Federal University Unit Within a Brazilian State
Authors: Brand Fabrizio Silvane , Fabrizio Cleomar Marcos , Buriol Fernanda , Casaroto Damaris
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: O presente artigo visa apresentar as vivências oriundas de uma campanha identitária, A campanha surgiu do interesse em consolidar a imagem de uma universidade federal, presente na região por meio de um centro de educação superior, junto à comunidade interna e externa.Método: Realizou-se uma pesquisa do tipo estudo de caso com os servidores e alunos da unidade, e ainda, com os habitantes do município em que a universidade se localiza. São apresentados aspectos históricos da implantação da unidade de ensino, a elaboração e os desdobramentos da campanha, os resultados alcançados até o presente momento.Originalidade/Relevância: Torna-se expressivo apresentar uma pesquisa com levantamento de dados sobre a cultura do nome designado a partir da implantação de uma nova unidade, criou-se o costume da comunidade reportar-se à unidade de educação superior, usando o nome do centro, isolando-se da referência à universidade federal a qual esse centro pertence.Resultados: Os resultados evidenciam que a campanha atingiu repercussão satisfatória no público interno da instituição, porém ainda há muito a ser trabalhado no quesito conscientização para os resultados pretendidos. Por outro lado, acredita-se que o público externo está se acostumando com a identidade da unidade, mas com o decorrer do tempo espera-se superar esse gap.Contribuições teóricas/metodológica: A contribuição do estudo para a área de Marketing está em fornecer informações sobre a consolidação da imagem de uma instituição, com o propósito de auxiliar na tomada de decisão dos gestores.
When the team potency needs self-efficacy and adaptive selling
Authors: Senra Karin Borges , Negreiros Letícia Fernandes de , Vieira Valter Afonso
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Sugerimos que o efeito da potência do time no desempenho não é somente direto, mas também mediado pelos mecanismos de autoeficácia e venda adaptativa. A Teoria Social Cognitiva explica essa mediação em série, pois o indivíduo que possui crenças nas suas habilidades de vendas (autoeficácia), molda seu comportamento congruente ao do cliente (venda adaptativa). Como consequência, os resultados de vendas são melhores.Método: Foram coletados dados com funcionários da linha de frente do segmento bancário, que, por meio de análises multivariadas, confirmam as expectativas dos autores, para o desempenho individual e do time.Originalidade/Relevância: A Teoria da Efetividade do Time tem mostrado que a potência do time aumenta positivamente o desempenho individual, contudo pouco se sabe sobre sua influência no desempenho do grupo. Em complemento, ainda é necessário compreender o poder explicativo do efeito da potência no desempenho.Resultados: A potência influencia o desempenho tanto individual quanto do time por meio da autoeficácia e da venda adaptativa.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Este trabalho apresenta um avanço na literatura ao relacionar construtos do time com elementos individuais para a obtenção de desempenho individual e do time. Em complemento, contribui com a Teoria Social Cognitiva e com a Teoria da Efetividade do Time, ao elevar o poder de explicação da potência do time na determinação do desempenho de vendas.
Amor à marca no marketing esportivo: proposição de um modelo relacional dos vínculos emocionais e afetivos nos programas sócio torcedor
Authors: Monteiro Plínio Rafael Reis , Dias Pâmela De Souza , Carvalho Luiz Carlos
Published: January 2020

Objetivo do estudo: O presente estudo objetiva identificar como os programas de fidelizao do tipo scio torcedor, atuam como fomentadores de vnculos emocionais e afetivos mais fortes entre torcedores e seus times, sob a tica dos conceitos de valor, amor marca, satisfao e lealdade.Metodologia/abordagem: Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa descritiva a partir de um questionrio online que abordou os construtos do problema de pesquisa. A amostra foi tratada estatisticamente usando-se tcnicas multivariadas, com destaque a analise fatorial exploratria e a modelagem de equaes estruturais.Principais resultados: Os dados indicaram que os torcedores que percebem mais benefcios no programa ficam mais satisfeitos com sua experincia e com isso tendem a participar mais ativamente de vrias atividades associadas ao time.Contribuies tericas/metodolgicas: Dentre as vrias medidas gerenciais recentes adotadas em times nacionais temos a crescente profissionalizao e a tendncia de tratar o time como uma marca, buscando incrementar a lealdade de seus torcedores. Nesse sentido o estudo contribui demonstrando que um maior valor percebido determina o crescimento da inteno de adquirir ou se associar ao PST e a satisfao com a experincia impacta positivamente a comunicao positiva sobre o programa.Relevncia/originalidade: O estudo trouxe contribuies para acadmicos e gestores sobre os benefcios de oferecer programas de relacionamento no contexto do futebol. Caracteriza-se tambm como uma pesquisa relevante para o Marketing Esportivo, apresentando informaes significativas para acadmicos do campo esportivo.