bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health worker experiences of implementing TB infection prevention and control: A qualitative evidence synthesis to inform implementation recommendations
Authors: van der Westhuizen Helene-Mari , Dorward Jienchi , Roberts Nia , Greenhalgh Trisha , Ehrlich Rodney , Butler Chris C. , Tonkin-Crine Sarah
Published: July 2022

Implementation of TB infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in health facilities is frequently inadequate, despite nosocomial TB transmission to patients and health workers causing harm. We aimed to review qualitative evidence of the complexity associated with implementing TB IPC, to help guide the development of TB IPC implementation plans. We undertook a qualitative evidence synthesis of studies that used qualitative methods to explore the experiences of health workers implementing TB IPC in health facilities. We searched eight databases in November 2021, complemented by citation tracking. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts and reviewed full texts of potentially eligible papers. We used the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme checklist for quality appraisal, thematic synthesis to identify key findings and the GRADE-CERQual method to appraise the certainty of review findings. The review protocol was pre-registered on PROSPERO, ID CRD42020165314. We screened 1062 titles and abstracts and reviewed 102 full texts, with 37 studies included in the synthesis. We developed 10 key findings, five of which we had high confidence in. We describe several components of TB IPC as a complex intervention. Health workers were influenced by their personal occupational TB risk perceptions when deciding whether to implement TB IPC and neglected the contribution of TB IPC to patient safety. Health workers and researchers expressed multiple uncertainties (for example the duration of infectiousness of people with TB), assumptions and misconceptions about what constitutes effective TB IPC, including focussing TB IPC on patients known with TB on treatment who pose a small risk of transmission. Instead, TB IPC resources should target high risk areas for transmission (crowded, poorly ventilated spaces). Furthermore, TB IPC implementation plans should support health workers to translate TB IPC guidelines to local contexts, including how to navigate unintended stigma caused by IPC, and using limited IPC resources effectively.
Heterogeneity in dog population characteristics contributes to chronic under-vaccination against rabies in Guatemala
Authors: Moran David , Alvarez Danilo , Cadena Loren , Cleaton Julie , Salyer Stephanie J. , Pieracci Emily G. , Camposeco Leila R. , Bernal Sulma , Wallace Ryan M.
Published: July 2022

Guatemala has held dog rabies mass vaccination campaigns countrywide since 1984, yet the virus remains endemic. To eliminate dog-mediated human rabies, dog vaccination coverage must reach at least 70%. The Guatemala rabies program uses a 5:1 human:dog ratio (HDR) to estimate the vaccination coverage; however, this method may not accurately reflect the heterogeneity of dog ownership practices in Guatemalan communities. We conducted 16 field-based dog population estimates in urban, semi-urban and rural areas of Guatemala to determine HDR and evaluate the standard 5:1. Our study-derived HDR estimates varied from 1.7–11.4:1 (average 4.0:1), being higher in densely populated sites and lowest in rural communities. The community-to-community heterogeneity observed in dog populations could explain the persistence of rabies in certain communities. To date, this is the most extensive dog-population evaluation conducted in Guatemala, and can be used to inform future rabies vaccination campaigns needed to meet the global 2030 rabies elimination targets.
RNA as a feasible marker of Trypanosoma cruzi viability during the parasite interaction with the triatomine vector Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Triatominae)
Authors: Finamore-Araujo Paula , Silva da Fonseca Gabriel Lucio , Vieira Cecília Stahl , de Castro Daniele Pereira , Moreira Otacilio Cruz
Published: July 2022

A recurring question concerning Trypanosoma cruzi DNA detection/quantification is related to the fact that DNA amplification, by itself, does not differentiate between viable or dead parasites. On the other hand, RNA can be considered a potential molecular marker of pathogens viability. Herein, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR with reverse Transcription (RT-qPCR) to quantify viable T. cruzi in artificially infected Rhodnius prolixus whilst evaluating differences between DNA and mRNA quantification along the insect midgut during 5, 9, 15 and 29 days after feeding. The RT-qPCR presented an improved performance with linearities ranging from 107 to 102 parasites equivalents and 3 to 0.0032 intestine unit equivalents, and efficiencies of 100.3% and 102.8% for both T. cruzi and triatomine targets, respectively. Comparing both RT-qPCR and qPCR, we confirmed that RNA is faster degraded, no longer being detected at day 1 after parasite lysis, while DNA detection was stable, with no decrease in parasite load over the days, even after parasite lysis. We also observed statistical differences between the quantification of the parasite load by DNA and by RNA on day 15 after feeding of experimentally infected R. prolixus. When assessing different portions of the digestive tract, by RT-qPCR, we could detect a statistically significant reduction in the parasite amount in the anterior midgut. Oppositely, there was a statistically significant increase of the parasite load in the hindgut. In conclusion, for this study parasite’s viability in R. prolixus digestive tract were assessed targeting T. cruzi mRNA. In addition, differences between DNA and RNA detection observed herein, raise the possibility that RNA is a potential molecular viability marker, which could contribute to understanding the dynamics of the parasite infection in invertebrate hosts.
Direction of attentional focus in prosthetic training: Current practice and potential for improving motor learning in individuals with lower limb loss
Authors: Lee Szu-Ping , Bonczyk Alexander , Dimapilis Maria Katrina , Partridge Sarah , Ruiz Samantha , Chien Lung-Chang , Sawers Andrew
Published: July 2022

Objective

Adopting an external focus of attention has been shown to benefit motor performance and learning. However, the potential of optimizing attentional focus for improving prosthetic motor skills in lower limb prosthesis (LLP) users has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the frequency and direction of attentional focus embedded in the verbal instructions in a clinical prosthetic training setting.

Methods

Twenty-one adult LLP users (8 female, 13 male; 85% at K3 level; mean age = 50.5) were recruited from prosthetic clinics in the Southern Nevada region. Verbal interactions between LLP users and their prosthetists (mean experience = 10 years, range = 4–21 years) during prosthetic training were recorded. Recordings were analyzed to categorize the direction of attentional focus embedded in the instructional and feedback statements as internal, external, mixed, or unfocused. We also explored whether LLP users’ age, time since amputation, and perceived mobility were associated with the proportion of attentional focus statements they received.

Results

We recorded a total of 20 training sessions, yielding 904 statements of instruction from 338 minutes of training. Overall, one verbal interaction occurred every 22.1 seconds. Among the statements, 64% were internal, 9% external, 3% mixed, and 25% unfocused. Regression analysis revealed that female, older, and higher functioning LLP users were significantly more likely to receive internally-focused instructions (p = 0.006, 0.035, and 0.024, respectively).

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that verbal instructions and feedback are frequently provided to LLP users during prosthetic training. Most verbal interactions are focused internally on the LLP users’ body movements and not externally on the movement effects.

Impact statement

While more research is needed to explore how motor learning principles may be applied to improve LLP user outcomes, clinicians should consider adopting the best available scientific evidence during treatment. Overreliance on internally-focused instructions as observed in the current study may hinder prosthetic skill learning.
LPDA: A new classification method based on linear programming
Authors: Nueda María J. , Gandía Carmen , Molina Mariola D.
Published: July 2022

The search of separation hyperplanes is an efficient way to find rules with classification purposes. This paper presents an alternative mathematical programming formulation to existing methods to find a discriminant hyperplane. The hyperplane H is found by minimizing the sum of all the distances to the area assigned to the group each individual belongs to. It results in a convex optimization problem for which we find an equivalent linear programming problem. We demonstrate that H exists when the centroids of the two groups are not equal. The method is effective dealing with low and high dimensional data where reduction of the dimension is proposed to avoid overfitting problems. We show the performance of this approach with different data sets and comparisons with other classifications methods. The method is called LPDA and it is implemented in a R package available in https://github.com/mjnueda/lpda.
The attenuated ASFV strains MK-200 and FK-32/135 as possible models for investigation of protective immunity by ASFV infection
Authors: Sereda Alexey D. , Kazakova Anna S. , Namsrayn Sanzhi G. , Vlasov Mikhail E. , Kolbasov Denis V.
Published: July 2022

African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs of all breeds and ages, with the acute form of the disease being characterized by high fever, hemorrhages in the reticuloendothelial system and a high mortality rate. Registered safe and efficacious ASF vaccines are not available. The development of experimental ASF vaccines, particularly live attenuated, have considerably intensified in the last years. There is much variability in experimental approaches undertaken by laboratories attempting to develop first generation vaccines, rendering it difficult to interpret and make comparisons across trials. ASF virus (ASFV) genotyping does not fully correlate with available cross-protection data and may be of limited value in predicting cross-protective vaccine efficacy. Recently, ASFV strains were assigned to a respective nine groups by seroimmunotype (from I to IX): in vivo the grouping is based on results of cross protection of pigs survived after their infection with a virulent strain (bioassay), while in vitro this grouping is based on hemadsorption inhibition assay (HADIA) data. Here we demonstrate the antigenic and protective properties of two attenuated ASFV strains MK200 and FK-32/135. Pronounced differences in the HADIA and in immunological test in animals allow us to consider them and the corresponding reference virulent strains of the ASFV of Mozambique-78 (seroimmunotype III, genotype V) and France-32 (seroimmunotype IV, genotype I) as useful models for studying the mechanisms of protective immunity and evaluation of the candidate vaccines.
Malaysian older persons’ perceptions about falls and their desired educational website characteristics: A qualitative study
Authors: Ng Cheah Ping , Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit , Tan Maw Pin , Kumar Saravana
Published: July 2022

Falls is a common and debilitating condition among the older population, intensifying the need to educate older persons about falls. Technology advancement enables effective and efficient delivery of falls education to the older population. However, there is paucity of information on the perception of Malaysian older population on falls and their preferred website characteristics such as font size, design, layout, colour, navigation, and use of graphics or videos. Physiological changes in vision, cognition and psychomotor skills can affect how the older persons use the website. As Malaysia is a multicultural country, the needs of the website characteristics and falls perception of older persons may differ greatly. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of the older persons about falls and their desired website characteristics. Twenty-five community-living older persons (n = 25) of age 60 years and above were involved in the focus group discussions. NvivoTM software was used for data management and thematic analysis was undertaken. Emerging themes included ’Perceptions of falls in older persons’, ’Actions taken when falls occurred’, ’Perceived prevention strategies for falls’ and ’End user requirements for falls educational website’. Falls were perceived as both an avoidable and a non-avoidable incident. Although the participants mentioned physical activity and home hazard modifications as strategies to prevent falls, they mainly discussed self-initiated precautionary approaches in falls prevention. Regarding desired website characteristics, the participants emphasized on easily readable text, appealing design, clear information, use of images/videos, and simple website navigation. Special requirements for colour selection and multi-language options were also raised. The delivery of falls education through website can be made possible by understanding the perception of older persons about falls and their requirements for the website. This is especially important as ethnic and cultural influences may play a role on their perceptions about falls and desired website characteristics.
Methods for characterizing pollen fitness in Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Wizenberg Sydney B. , Dang Michelle , Campbell Lesley G.
Published: July 2022

Pollen grains are male gametophytes, an ephemeral haploid generation of plants, that commonly engage in competition for a limited supply of ovules. Since variation in reproductive capabilities among male gametophytes may influence the direction and pace of evolution in populations, we must be able to quantify the relative fitness of gametophytes from different sires. To explore this, we estimated the relative fitness of groups of male gametophytes in a dioecious, wind-pollinated model system, Cannabis sativa, by characterizing the non-abortion rate (measured via chemical staining) and viability (measured via in vitro germination) of pollen from multiple sires. Pollen viability quickly declined within two weeks of anther dehiscence, and pollen stored under freezer conditions did not germinate regardless of storage time. In contrast, pollen non-abortion rates declined slowly and persisted longer than the lifetime of a sporophyte plant under both room temperature and freezer conditions. Pollen samples that underwent both viability and non-abortion rate analysis displayed no significant correlation, implying that researchers cannot predict pollen viability from non-abortion rates, nor infer male gametophytic fitness from a single measure. Our work demonstrates two independent, differential approaches to measure proxies of male fitness in C. sativa.
A precise gene delivery approach for human induced pluripotent stem cells using Cas9 RNP complex and recombinant AAV6 donor vectors
Authors: Chupradit Koollawat , Thongsin Nontaphat , Tayapiwatana Chatchai , Wattanapanitch Methichit
Published: July 2022

Genome editing in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offers a potential tool for studying gene functions in disease models and correcting genetic mutations for cell-based therapy. Precise transgene insertion in hiPSCs represents a significant challenge. In the past decade, viral transduction has been widely used due to its high transduction efficiency; however, it can result in random transgene integration and variable transgene copy numbers. Non-viral-based strategies are generally safer but limited by their low transfection efficiency in hiPSCs. Recently, genome engineering using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has emerged as a promising gene delivery approach due to AAVs’ low immunogenicity, toxicity, and ability to infect a broad range of cells. The following protocol describes the workflow for genome editing in hiPSCs using the CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex combined with the recombinant AAV serotype 6 (AAV6) donor vectors to introduce a gene of interest (GOI) fused with mCherry fluorescent reporter gene into the AAVS1 safe harbor site. This approach leads to efficient transgene insertion and is applicable to precise genome editing of hiPSCs or other types of stem cells for research purposes.
Prevalence of and risk factors for depression, anxiety, and stress in non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients in East Java province, Indonesia
Authors: Lusida Michael Austin Pradipta , Salamah Sovia , Jonatan Michael , Wiyogo Illona Okvita , Asyari Claudia Herda , Ali Nurarifah Destianizar , Asmara Jose , Wahyuningtyas Ria Indah , Triyono Erwin Astha , Ratnadewi Ni Kadek , Irzaldy Abyan , Alkaff Firas Farisi
Published: July 2022

Background

Despite abundant data on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, 3 important knowledge gaps continue to exist, i.e., 1) studies from low-/middle income countries (LMICs); 2) studies in the later period of the COVID-19 pandemic; and 3) studies on non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients. To address the knowledge gaps, we assessed the prevalence of and the risk factors for mental health symptoms among non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients in one LMIC (Indonesia) during the later period of the pandemic.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2020 in East Java province, Indonesia. Study population consisted of non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results from nasopharyngeal swab. Mental health symptoms were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21.

Results

From 778 non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients, 608 patients were included in the analysis. Patients’ median age was 35 years old and 61.2% were male. Of these, 22 (3.6%) reported symptoms of depression, 87 (14.3%) reported symptoms of anxiety, and 48 (7.9%) reported symptoms of stress. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females were more likely to report symptoms of stress (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.98, p-value = 0.028); healthcare workers were more likely to report symptoms of depression and anxiety (aOR = 5.57, p-value = 0.002 and aOR = 2.92, p-value = 0.014, respectively); and those with a recent history of self-quarantine were more likely to report symptoms of depression and stress (aOR 5.18, p = 0.004 and aOR = 1.86, p = 0.047, respectively).

Conclusion

The reported prevalence of mental health symptoms, especially depression, was relatively low among non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients during the later period of the COVID-19 pandemic in East Java province, Indonesia. In addition, several risk factors have been identified.
In silico approaches for drug repurposing in oncology: Protocol for a scoping review of existing evidence
Authors: Cavalcante Bruno Raphael Ribeiro , Freitas Raíza Dias , Siquara da Rocha Leonardo de Oliveira , Rocha Gisele Vieira , de Carvalho Pachêco Túlio Cosme , Pereira Ramos Pablo Ivan , Gurgel Rocha Clarissa Araújo
Published: July 2022

Drug repurposing has been applied in the biomedical field to optimize the use of existing drugs, leading to a more efficient allocation of research resources. In oncology, this approach is particularly interesting, considering the high cost related to the discovery of new drugs with therapeutic potential. Computational methods have been applied to predict associations between drugs and their targets. However, drug repurposing has not always been promising and its efficiency has yet to be proven. Therefore, the present scoping review protocol was developed to screen the literature on how in silico strategies can be implemented in drug repurposing in oncology. The scoping review will be conducted according to the Arksey and O’Malley framework (2005) and the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. We will search the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as the grey literature. We will include peer-reviewed research articles involving in silico strategies applied to drug repurposing in oncology, published between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2021. Data will be charted and findings described according to review questions. We will report the scoping review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Review guidelines (PRISMA-ScR).
Mycobacteriophages: From Petri dish to patient
Authors: Hatfull Graham F.
Published: July 2022

Mycobacteriophages—bacteriophages infecting Mycobacterium hosts—contribute substantially to our understanding of viral diversity and evolution, provide resources for advancing Mycobacterium genetics, are the basis of high-impact science education programs, and show considerable therapeutic potential. Over 10,000 individual mycobacteriophages have been isolated by high school and undergraduate students using the model organism Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 and 2,100 have been completely sequenced, giving a high-resolution view of the phages that infect a single common host strain. The phage genomes are revealed to be highly diverse and architecturally mosaic and are replete with genes of unknown function. Mycobacteriophages have provided many widely used tools for Mycobacterium genetics including integration-proficient vectors and recombineering systems, as well as systems for efficient delivery of reporter genes, transposons, and allelic exchange substrates. The genomic insights and engineering tools have facilitated exploration of phages for treatment of Mycobacterium infections, although their full therapeutic potential has yet to be realized.
Serum bridging molecules drive candidal invasion of human but not mouse endothelial cells
Authors: Phan Quynh T. , Solis Norma V. , Lin Jianfeng , Swidergall Marc , Singh Shakti , Liu Hong , Sheppard Donald C. , Ibrahim Ashraf S. , Mitchell Aaron P. , Filler Scott G.
Published: July 2022

During hematogenously disseminated candidiasis, blood borne fungi must invade the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels to infect the deep tissues. Although Candida albicans, which forms hyphae, readily invades endothelial cells, other medically important species of Candida are poorly invasive in standard in vitro assays and have low virulence in immunocompetent mouse models of disseminated infection. Here, we show that Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida krusei can bind to vitronectin and high molecular weight kininogen present in human serum. Acting as bridging molecules, vitronectin and kininogen bind to αv integrins and the globular C1q receptor (gC1qR), inducing human endothelial cells to endocytose the fungus. This mechanism of endothelial cell invasion is poorly supported by mouse endothelial cells but can be restored when mouse endothelial cells are engineered to express human gC1qR or αv integrin. Overall, these data indicate that bridging molecule-mediated endocytosis is a common pathogenic strategy used by many medically important Candida spp. to invade human vascular endothelial cells.
Recomponiendo vida y obras de Juan José Olazábal, arquitecto del GATEPAC
Authors: Etxepare Igiñiz Lauren , Lekuona Etxebeste Arantza
Published: July 2022

Juan José Olazábal (1905-73) fue un arquitecto clave durante los años de la Segunda República Española, en los que participó activamente en el nacimiento del GATEPAC. Sin embargo, su carrera se vio truncada como consecuencia de la Guerra Civil, en el transcurso de la cual fue condenado a presidio. Su carrera quedaría partida en dos: una primera parte desarrollada en el País Vasco, cuyas principales obras pertenecen al Movimiento Moderno, y una segunda etapa, en Granada, de carácter más bien ecléctico.
escenografía de El Retablo de maese Pedro de Falla y sus primeras representaciones (1923,1925)
Authors: Ruiz Artola Inés
Published: July 2022

Este artículo trata de reconstruir las puestas en escena en los estrenos parisino (1923) y neoyorkino (1925) del Retablo de Maese Pedro de Manuel de Falla. Ampliamente analizada desde el punto de vista musical y literario, esta obra aún carece de suficientes fuentes sobre su escenografía. Previa reflexión sobre la estética y los componentes narrativos, aportamos información sobre las puestas en escena y los artistas que la llevaron a cabo basándonos en fuentes como correspondencia, prensa histórica y consulta con especialistas, con el fin de alumbrar y proporcionar datos para futuras investigaciones y representaciones en vísperas de su centenario.
Is the Lexeme “Khach” Offensive?
Authors: Florya Alexandr
Published: July 2022

The article discusses the study of the lexeme  “khach” in the functional aspect. In forensic linguistics practice, one often has to deal with ethnopholisms. The lexeme “khach” is quite typical of controversial texts on ethnic topics. Its derogatory nature is not obvious to all forensic linguists. We consider this lexeme offensive and support our point of view. The author of the article disputes the phonosemantic interpretation of the negative attitude of native speakers to the lexeme “khach”: it seems to repel with its sound, unlike the name Ivan in the same function of the ethnonym. The author of the article gives examples of how the name Ivan evokes unpleasant emotions in a Russian person, as well as clearly positive connotations associated with names consisting of the same sounds as "khach". It is also impossible to agree with the opinion that the ethnonym “khach” is explained by the theory of lacunarity, that is, by the fact that there are no commonly used words to denote the residents of the Caucasus. Russian Russianодноубрать has the word “kavkazets” (Caucasian), which has not gone out of use at all, which is confirmed by the National Corpus of the Russian language. The lexeme “Khachik” is not pejorative but diminutive if it is a proper name. However, speakers avoid using even this form because of its negative associations. Generisizedvariants as unofficial names of an ethnic group or groups are delicts (torts), gross violations of speech etiquette. Morover, it does not necessarily refer to a certain – Armenian – people. In addition, such unofficial ethnonyms are associated with stereotypes, often derogatory for the named peoples.
Principles of Legal Responsibility: New Criteria for Classification and Subordination
Authors: Sorokin Vitaly , Stoilov Yanaki
Published: July 2022

The article conseders the idea of the necessity of ranking the principles of legal responsibility. Conflict among the principles of legal responsibilities are inevitablin the process oftheir  practical use. In this case, there should not be a compromise between legality and justice - a decision must be made in favor of justice. A conflict between justice and charity must be solved in favor of charity. Any conflicts among the principles of legal responsibility are hierarchical. Thus, any conflicts of principles of legal responsibility should be solved in favor of the principle of higher order.
"Insulting Religious Feelings": Everyday Consciousness and Law Enforcement
Authors: Svetlana Doronina , Kashchaeva Mirra , Trubnikova Yulia
Published: July 2022

The article considers defining the boundaries of the concept of “insulting religious feelings” from the point of view of a specialist in the field of religious studies, ordinary native speakers and a practicing forensic linguist. The material for the study is Internet comments to the news on topics related to religion that came to the attention of law enforcement agencies, analyzed in terms of compliance with the norms of legislation regulating the rights to freedom of conscience and religion, and the norms of administrative and criminal law aimed at protecting the feelings of believers. The paper uses the methods of formal legal analysis, description, experiment, semantic research, sociological survey data. The analysis revealed the causes of emerging social conflicts: low legal and communicative literacy of Internet users, broad interpretation of the concept of insult in the public and individual minds compared to the legal system, and the subjective perception of language units as emotionally evaluative or, on the contrary, neutral.
L'enduit mural dans l'architecture otãmmari
Authors: Noukpakou Fabrice , Pauporté Elie
Published: July 2022

Résumé. L'architecture otãmmari se distingue par les Tata Somba et de plus en plus par une pluralité d'habitats en terre crue. Ces bâtis se caractérisent par une vulnérabilité importante aux pluies qui, à défaut de travaux d'entretien réguliers, menacent leur durabilité. L'application d'un enduit de terre sur les parties extérieures de ces habitats joue un rôle fondamental, constituant la première protection contre les intempéries. Travail traditionnellement attribué aux femmes, cet enduisage témoigne d'un savoir-faire à la fois technique, par l'usage de divers adjuvants locaux (décoction de cosses de néré et résidu de karité) et esthétique par les décorations dont il fait l'objet (griffures).

Abstract. Otãmmari architecture is characterized by the Tata Somba and more and more by a plurality of earthen habitats. These buildings are characterized by significant vulnerability to heavy seasonal rain which, without regular maintenance, threatens their durability. The application of an earthen coating on the external parts of these habitats plays a fundamental role, constituting the primary protection against extreme weather. This work, traditionally attributed to women, demonstrates both technical knowhow, through the use of various local additives (decoction of néré pods and shea butter residue), and aesthetic practice, through the decoration of the plaster (scratching).
Impacto económico a largo plazo de los huracanes Iván y Dean en Jamaica
Authors: Romero Pino Belkis Enidian
Published: July 2022

Jamaica ha presentado un crecimiento económicomuy lento durante las últimas tres décadas, con disrupcionesen 2004 y 2007 cuando la isla fue impactada por los huracanesIván y Dean, respectivamente. Este trabajo de investigaciónestima el efecto a largo plazo de ambos huracanes en el PIBper cápita de Jamaica mediante el método de control sintéticopropuesto por Abadie y Gardeázabal (2003). Con este controlsintético, se logró replicar en ambos casos las trayectorias delcrecimiento económico de la isla, para los períodos anterioresa dichos huracanes; es decir, se solaparon las trayectorias delPIB per cápita de Jamaica real con sus contrafactuales sintéticos.Lo que permitió estimar una que disminución del PIB percápita promedio de 737 y 1 403 USD, respectivamente, para losmencionados huracanes, en los diez años posteriores al evento.Al converger ambos efectos, se obtiene un impacto negativo totalpromedio de USD 2 140 durante el período 2007 -2017. Coneste estudio se contribuye a la evidencia empírica de que losdesastres naturales tienen efectos negativos y persistentes en elcrecimiento económico de Jamaica, debido a que en el intervalode tiempo analizado no logró recuperar el nivel de crecimientoque tenía antes de los eventos.
Corrupción y crecimiento económico en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Desfrancois Pierre , Pastas Gutiérrez Eduardo Ramiro
Published: July 2022

Este estudio analiza la relación entre corrupción ycrecimiento económico en una muestra de 19 países de AméricaLatina durante el periodo 1998-2018 mediante un análisis dedatos de panel. Se estiman los efectos directos e indirectos dela corrupción en la tasa de crecimiento del PIB. Después decontrolar por una serie de factores económicos y sociopolíticos,los resultados confirman la relación negativa entre corrupción y crecimiento económico.
Coaching for Better Teaching: A Study on Student-Centered Instructional Coaching
Authors: TEKIR Serpil
Published: July 2022

As the appeal and need for greater student achievement have been increasing each day steadily, so does the wish to find ways to reach those levels. The student-centered coaching (SCC) model is designed to improve teachers' instructional abilities that will improve student achievement. This research study aimed to examine the perceived impact of SCC on teachers’ instructional practices and the challenges to and facilitating factors in implementation. The study employed a qualitative phenomenological research design to investigate the student-centered coaching practice of a school district in Northern USA. Qualitative data collected from seven teachers and three coaches who were conveniently available to participate in the study through semi-structured interviews were subjected to content analysis. The results suggested that the respondents considered SCC as an effective model to change teacher practice and ultimately impact student learning. Based on the qualitative data, a few recommendations were offered to help address potential challenges in implementing the SCC in the future.
Stool Examination Profiles in Malnourished Children
Authors: Haniyah Nisrina Nur , Rahmadi Farid Agung , Setyawati Amallia Nugettsiana , Pratiwi Rina
Published: July 2022

Background: Stool examination is a gold standard that can be used to detect problems in the disgestive systems, which becomes a preliminary examination to determine a diagnosis. The variation characteristics of stool in malnuorished children are very possible due to the infection in the digestive tract, resulting in impaired absorption of nutrients and other health problems.Objective: To find out the profile of routine feces examination in malnourished children.Methods: This study was descriptive research with a cross-sectional method. This study was conducted from April—August 2021 with a sample size of 38 stunted and malnourished children of 6 month-old to 5-year-old in Rumah Gizi and Poli Anak RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Collecting the data of anthropometric, quisioners, and laboratorium stool macroscopic and microscopic analytic.Results: Macroscopic examination showed that 13 samples (34.25) had a normal brown color, 35 samples (92.1%) had a soft consistency. Moreover, mucus was found in 6 samples (15.8%). In microscopic examination found that 4 cases (10.5%) were positive for carbohydrates. In 17 cases (44.75), fibers were found. Leukocytes were found in 2 cases (5.2%), erythrocytes were found in 8 cases (21.1%), occult blood was found in 10 cases (26.3%), and fungal positive was found in 14 cases (36.8%).Conclusion: Most of the feces were brown, had soft consistency, did not have mucus and blood. Furthermore, fat, fiber, carbohydrates, leukocytes, erythrocytes, occult bold, and fungal were not found in most of the stools.
Income Losses, Cash Transfers and Trust in Financial and Political Institutions: Survey Evidence from the Covid-19 Crisis
Authors: Immordino Giovanni , Oliviero Tommaso , Zazzaro Alberto
Published: July 2022

Using a survey of Italian households, we find that large income losses suffered during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 are associated with a decline in trust towards political (i.e. Italian Central Government and the EU Parliament) and financial (i.e. ECB and Italian commercial banks) institutions in the management of the Covid-19. The decline is lower for households who received public transfers in the wake of the pandemic. Our results highlight that household exposure to economic losses if not compensated by government income support measures are an important determinant of mistrust in institutions for the management of an economic crisis.
Evaluation of the effectiveness ofLactuca Sativasyrup in controlling pain after periodontal flap surgery: a split-mouth, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Jafari Hadi , Latifi Seyed Amirhossein , Bayani Mojtaba
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Effective pain control after oral surgeries including periodontal flap surgery is one of the biggest problems in the periodontology field. The use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain after periodontal flap surgery is common, but these have some adverse side effects such as impaired platelet function and causing digestive problems. Today, the tendency to use omedicinal plants is more than synthetic drugs due to their safety. Therefore, we designed a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects ofLactuca Sativa(L. Sativa) syrup as an adjunct therapy in reducing pain after periodontal flap surgery.

Methods

This split-mouth, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 26 subjects. Patients were assigned for two surgery. Primary surgery was performed on the right maxilla and after 30 days, secondary surgery was performed on the left maxilla. In primary surgery, patients consumedL. Sativasyrup (3 times a day for 72 h) and in secondary surgery, patients consumed placebo syrup (3 times a day for 72 h). Pain intensity was measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after a periodontal flap surgery in both surgeries using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). All patients received their routine drugs, including analgesics. The number of analgesics used after surgery was recorded. Statistical analysis of t-test was used to compare the results of the two surgery.

Results

The results showed that the mean pain based on VAS score at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after primary periodontal flap surgery was significantly reduced compared to the secondary periodontal flap surgery (p<0.001). The results also showed that the use of analgesics after 72 h of surgery was significantly reduced in the primary periodontal flap surgery compared to the secondary periodontal flap surgery (p<0.001).

Conclusions

According to the results of this study,L.Sativasyrup can be effective as adjuvant therapy in reducing pain after periodontal flap surgery.
Craniosynostosis in a patient with Fanconi–Bickel syndrome: a case report
Authors: Demczko Matthew M. , Liu Tullis T. , Napoli Joseph A.
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

Craniosynostosis may be a rare but severe complication of Fanconi–Bickel syndrome (FBS). Both conditions can be associated with feeding intolerance in young children. Prompt recognition and correction of increased intracranial pressure may lead to improved dietary tolerance in FBS patients and decrease morbidity.

Case presentation

We present the case of a child with genetically confirmed FBS, severe feeding intolerance and evidence of metabolic bone disease. At two years of age, a diagnosis of multi-sutural craniosynostosis with increased intracranial pressure was made. The patient underwent cranial vault expansion using distraction osteogenesis, after which his feeding intolerance completely resolved.

Conclusions

This case highlights the importance of monitoring for secondary craniosynostosis in patients with FBS and frequent emesis. Objective markers of bone health may help identify children at highest risk, though the actual mechanism of development is likely multifactorial. Increased awareness of this potential association should prompt more routine screening and improve outcomes.
The use of neurally-adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) for infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
Authors: Poole Grace , Shetty Sandeep , Greenough Anne
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can have complex respiratory problems which are worsened by ventilatory induced lung injury. Neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA) is a potentially promising ventilation mode for this population, as it can result in improved patient-ventilator interactions and provision of adequate gas exchange at lower airway pressures.

Content

A literature review was undertaken to provide an overview of NAVA and examine its role in the management of infants with CDH.

NAVA in neonates has been used in CDH infants who were stable on ventilatory support or being weaned from mechanical ventilation and was associated with a reduction in the level of respiratory support.

Outlook

There is, however, limited evidence regarding the efficacy of NAVA in infants with CDH, with only short-term benefits being investigated. A prospective, multicentre study with long term follow-up is required to appropriately assess NAVA in this population.
Protective effects of glaucocalyxin A on the airway of asthmatic mice
Authors: Chen Si , Piao Ying , Song Yilan , Wang Zhiguang , Jiang Jingzhi , Piao Yihua , Li Li , Xu Chang , Li Liangchang , Chi Yongxue , Jin Guihua , Yan Guanghai
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of glaucocalyxin A (GLA) on airways in mouse models of asthma, concerning the inflammatory mediators, Th1/Th2 subgroup imbalance, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway. Hematoxylin and eosin/periodic acid–Schiff staining was used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissues. Inflammatory cytokine contents in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein expression levels were detected with Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. In vivo studies showed that, in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mouse models, the GLA treatments reduced the airway hyperresponsiveness and the secretion of inflammatory cells, declined the proliferation of goblet cells, decreased the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and increased the contents of interferon-γ and IL-12. Moreover, GLA inhibited the protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, and NF-κB in OVA-induced asthmatic mouse models. Further in vitro studies showed that GLA inhibited the expression of NF-κB, p-IκBα, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and blocked the nuclear transfer of NF-κB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Conclusively, GLA can inhibit the inflammatory responses in OVA-induced asthmatic mice and inhibit the release of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, which may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Peripheral mechanisms of chronic pain
Authors: Zheng Qin , Dong Xintong , Green Dustin P. , Dong Xinzhong
Published: July 2022

Acutely, pain serves to protect us from potentially harmful stimuli, however damage to the somatosensory system can cause maladaptive changes in neurons leading to chronic pain. Although acute pain is fairly well controlled, chronic pain remains difficult to treat. Chronic pain is primarily a neuropathic condition, but studies examining the mechanisms underlying chronic pain are now looking beyond afferent nerve lesions and exploring new receptor targets, immune cells, and the role of the autonomic nervous system in contributing chronic pain conditions. The studies outlined in this review reveal how chronic pain is not only confined to alterations in the nervous system and presents findings on new treatment targets and for this debilitating disease.
Alternative method for determining basis weight in papermaking by using an interactive soft sensor based on an artificial neural network model
Authors: Rodríguez-Álvarez José L. , López-Herrera Rogelio , Villalón-Turrubiates Iván E. , García-Alcaraz Jorge L. , Díaz-Reza José R. , Arce-Valdez Jesús L. , Aragón-Banderas Osbaldo , Soto-Cabral Arturo
Published: July 2022

Currently, there are two procedures to determine the basis weight in papermaking processes: the measurements made by the quality control laboratory or the measurements made by the quality control system. This research presents an alternative to estimating basis weight-based artificial neural network (ANN) modeling. The NN architecture was constructed by trial and error, obtaining the best results using two hidden layers with 48 and 12 neurons, respectively, in addition to the input and output layers. Mean absolute error and mean absolute percentage error was used for the loss and metric functions, respectively. Python was used in the training, validation, and testing process. The results indicate that the model can reasonably determine the basis weight given the independent variables analyzed here. TheR2{R^{2}}reached by the model was 94 %, andMAEwas 12.40 grams/m2. Using the same dataset, the fine tree regression model showed anR2{R^{2}}of 99 % and anMAEof 3.35 grams/m2. Additionally, a dataset not included in the building process was used to validate the method’s performance. The results showed that ANN-based modeling has a higher predictive capability than the regression tree model. Therefore, this model was embedded in a graphic user interface that was developed in Python.
Two fixed point results on F-metric spaces
Authors: Altun Ishak , Erduran Ali
Published: July 2022

This paper presents two fixed point results for both single valued and multivalued mappings on F-metric spaces, which is introduced by Jleli and Samet [1]. First, we consider the concept of P-contraction for single valued mappings. Then using the Feng-Liu’s technique, we present a fixed point result for F-closed set valued mappings on F-metric spaces.
Structural insights into GABA transport inhibition using an engineered neurotransmitter transporter
Authors: Joseph Deepthi , Nayak Smruti Ranjan , Penmatsa Aravind
Published: July 2022

γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its levels in the synaptic space are controlled by the GABA transporter isoforms (GATs). GATs are structurally related to biogenic amine transporters but display interactions with distinct inhibitors used as anti‐epileptics. In this study, we engineer the binding pocket of Drosophila melanogaster dopamine transporter to resemble GAT1 and determine high‐resolution X‐ray structures of the modified transporter in the substrate‐free state and in complex with GAT1 inhibitors NO711 and SKF89976a that are analogs of tiagabine, a medication prescribed for the treatment of partial seizures. We observe that the primary binding site undergoes substantial shifts in subsite architecture in the modified transporter to accommodate the two GAT1 inhibitors. We also observe that SKF89976a additionally interacts at an allosteric site in the extracellular vestibule, yielding an occluded conformation. Interchanging SKF89976a interacting residue in the extracellular loop 4 between GAT1 and dDAT suggests a role for this motif in the selective control of neurotransmitter uptake. Our findings, therefore, provide vital insights into the organizational principles dictating GAT1 activity and inhibition.
Architektura instytucjonalna a ryzyko krachu współczesnego systemu kapitalistycznego
Authors:   Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach, Zeman-Miszewska Ewa , Miszewski Maciej ,   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Published: July 2022

Purpose – The multifaceted civilization crisis which we are witnessing, generates disproportionately weak defense responses on a global scale. The study aims to show that the essential cause of this state of affairs is the institutional architecture, designed in the course of the evolution of the capitalist system. Research method – The article refers to the institutional analysis of the capitalist socio-economic system, and in particular of the impact of institutions specific to this system on its evolution. Results – The conclusion includes arguments concerning possible variants of remedial measures to eliminate or reduce threats to the system durability. Originality /value / implications /recommendations – The study justifies the importance of attempts to change the current system of the global economy and indicates potential barriers in the way of saving our civilization.