bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abdominal pain and fever in a patient with familial periodic fever: an extremely rare mutation of the TNF receptor superfamily member 1A gene
Authors: Marini Michele , Rausa Emanuele , Coccolini Federico , Bianco Federica , Merli Cecilia , Greco Salvatore , Brucato Antonio Luca , Mosca Lorena , Surace Alessandra , Sironi Sandro , Campanati Luca , Ansaloni Luca
Published: August 2018

Periodic fever syndromes (PFSs) are a clinically inhomogeneous group of diseases based on peculiar genetic mutations. PFSs have to be suspected in young patients presenting with recurrent attacks of abdominal pain, skin rashes, arthritis, myalgia and fever as soon as more prevalent diseases have been excluded. An unconsidered hypothesis of PFSs may lead in delaying the diagnosis and unnecessary medical and surgical treatments. In this article, we described the case of a young man presented to our attention due to recurrent abdominal pain and fever caused by TNF-receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) sustained by the TNFRSF1A gene mutation.
Industry expectations of supply chain management graduates: Perspectives from third-party logistics providers in South Africa
Authors: Allden Marc , Niemann Wesley , Kotzé Theuns
Published: August 2018

Background: There is currently a skills mismatch between what the third-party logistics (3PL) industry expects from new supply chain management graduates and what the educational system supplies. As the traditional roles of 3PLs are changing, subsequently increasing their importance within the supply chain industry, supplying graduates with the necessary skills becomes even more critical.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine what the South African 3PL industry expects from new graduates with a bachelor’s degree in supply chain management or related fields in relation to skills, personal attributes and knowledge.Method: A generic qualitative research design was used to collect data from 12 participants using semi-structured interviews.Results: It was found that academic institutions equip new graduates adequately with knowledge, but not with the expected skills. Furthermore, the findings confirmed the current literature, while also identifying additional expectations. 3PLs expect new graduates to perform various activities throughout the supply chain, such as warehousing and transport activities, while simultaneously using their technological knowledge and abilities to improve different processes within the supply chain. This requires new graduates to be creative, innovative and analytical and to have advanced communication skills. Therefore, supply chain management programmes should provide graduates with more exposure and experiences in real-life supply chain settings.Conclusion: The findings allow for academic institutions to revise and adapt their curricula to meet the need of more practical skills development.
Discrete Multilinear Spherical Averages
Authors: Cook Brian
Published: August 2018

In this note we give a characterization of
$\ell ^{p}\times \cdots \times \ell ^{p}\rightarrow \ell ^{q}$
boundedness of maximal operators associated with multilinear convolution averages over spheres in
$\mathbb{Z}^{n}$
.
Revolatilisation of soil-accumulated pollutants triggered by the summer monsoon in India
Authors: Lammel Gerhard , Degrendele Céline , Gunthe Sachin S. , Mu Qing , Muthalagu Akila , Audy Ondřej , Biju Chelackal V. , Kukučka Petr , Mulder Marie D. , Octaviani Mega , Příbylová Petra , Shahpoury Pourya , Stemmler Irene , Valsan Aswathy E.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Persistent organic pollutants that have accumulated in soils can be
remobilised by volatilisation in response to chemical equilibrium with the
atmosphere. Clean air masses from the Indian Ocean, advected with the onset
of the summer monsoon, are found to reduce concentrations of
hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its
derivatives, endosulfan and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air at a
mountain site (all in the range 5–20 pg m−3) by 77 %, 70 %, 82 % and 45 %,
respectively. The analysis of fugacities in soil and air suggest that the
arrival of summer monsoon triggers net volatilisation or enhances ongoing
revolatilisation of the now-banned chemicals HCH and PCBs from
background soils in southern India. The response of the air–soil exchange was
modelled using a regional air pollution model, WRF-Chem PAH/POP. The results
suggest that the air is increasingly polluted during transport by the
south-westerly monsoon winds across the subcontinent. Using a multidecadal
multimedia mass balance model, it is found that air–surface exchange of HCH
and DDT have declined since the ban of these substances from agriculture, but
remobilisation of higher chlorinated PCBs may have reached a historical
high, 40 years after peak emission.
Enhancing the spatio-temporal features of polar mesosphere summer echoes using coherent MIMO and radar imaging at MAARSY
Authors: Urco Juan Miguel , Chau Jorge Luis , Weber Tobias , Latteck Ralph
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) are very strong radar echoes caused by the presence of ice particles, turbulence, and free electrons in the mesosphere over polar regions. For more than three decades, PMSEs have been used as natural tracers of the complicated atmospheric dynamics of this region. Neutral winds and turbulence parameters have been obtained assuming PMSE horizontal homogeneity in scales of tens of kilometers. Recent radar imaging studies have shown that PMSEs are not homogeneous in these scales and instead they are composed of kilometer-scale structures. In this paper, we present a technique that allows PMSE observations with unprecedented angular resolution (~ 0.6°). The technique combines the concept of coherent MIMO (Multi-input multiple-output) and two high-resolution imaging techniques, i.e., Capon and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). The resulting resolution is evaluated by imaging specular meteor echoes. The gain in angular resolution compared to previous approaches using SIMO (single input and multiple-output) and Capon is at least a factor of 2, i.e., at 85 km, we obtain a horizontal resolution of ~ 900 meters. The goodness of the new technique is evaluated with two events of three-dimensional PMSEs structures showing: (1) horizontal wavelengths of 8–10 km and periods of 4–7 minutes, drifting with the background wind, and (2) horizontal wavelengths of 12–16 km and periods of 15–20 minutes not drifting with the background wind. Besides the advantages of the implemented technique, we discuss its current challenges, like the use of reduced power-aperture and processing time, as well as the future opportunities for improving the understanding of the complex atmospheric dynamics behind PMSEs.
The AFWA Dust Emissions Scheme for the GOCART Aerosol Model in WRF-Chem
Authors: LeGrand Sandra L. , Polashenski Chris , Letcher Theodore W. , Creighton Glenn A. , Peckham Steven E. , Cetola Jeffrey D.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Airborne particles of mineral dust play a key role in Earth's climate system and affect human activities around the globe. The numerical weather modeling community has undertaken considerable efforts to accurately forecast these dust emissions. Here, for the first time in the literature, we thoroughly describe and document the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) dust emission scheme for the GOCART aerosol model within the Weather Research and Forecasting Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model and compare it to the other dust emission parameterizations available in WRF-Chem. The AFWA dust emission scheme addresses some shortcomings experienced by the earlier GOCART-WRF parameterization. Improved model physics are designed to better handle emission of fine dust particles by representing saltation bombardment. Model performance with the improved parameterization is evaluated against observations of dust emission in southwest Asia and compared to emissions predicted by the other parameterizations built into the WRF-Chem GOCART model. Results highlight the relative strengths of the available schemes, indicate the reasons for disagreement between the models, and demonstrate the need for improved soil source data.
Hydrogeological responses to the 2016 Gyeongju earthquakes, Korea
Authors: Kim Jaeyeon , Lee Jungjin , Petitta Marco , Kim Heejung , Kaown Dugin , Park In-Woo , Lee Sanghoon , Lee Kang-Kun
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The September 12, 2016 Gyeongju earthquakes (M5.1 and M5.8) had significant effects on groundwater systems along the Yangsan Fault System composed of NNE-trending, right-lateral strike-slip faults in Korea. Hydrological changes induced by the earthquakes are important because no surface ruptures have been reported and few earthquakes usually occur in Korea. The main objective of this research was to propose a conceptual model interpreting the possible mechanisms of groundwater response to the earthquakes based on anomalous hydrogeochemical data including isotope (radon, strontium) concentrations with bedrock characteristics. To analyze the hydraulic changes resulting from the earthquakes, annual monitoring data of groundwater level, temperature, and electrical conductivity and collected data of hydrochemical parameters, radon-222, and strontium isotopes were collected during January 2017. Groundwater level anomalies could be attributed to the movement of the epicentral strike-slip fault. Radon concentration data showed the potential of groundwater mixing processes. Strontium anomalies could be related to the lithology and stratigraphy of the bedrock, reflecting the effect of water–rock interaction. Using a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) statistical analysis, associations of hydro-geochemical characteristics among groundwater wells were interpreted. By combining the grouped results of the SOM with lithostratigraphic unit data, 21 groundwater wells were classified into four groups, each corresponding to different hydrogeological behaviors. A new comprehensive conceptual model was developed to explain possible mechanisms for the hydrological and geochemical responses in each group, which have been respectively identified as water–rock interaction, mixing of shallow and deep aquifers via sea water intrusion, bedrock fracture opening related to strike-slip fault movement, and no response.
Assessment of avalanche hazard situation in Turkey during years 2010s
Authors: Kurt Tayfun
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Avalanches constitute risky situations especially for mountainous areas in the eastern part of Turkey. According to records of the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency, avalanches have killed 30 people per year in Turkey over the last 30 years. Developing winter tourism also affects losses. For example, an avalanche occurred in Torul, Köstere, in the province of Giresun, on January 25, 2009, which killed 10 mountaineers and injured 7 people. This research is focused on, known fatal avalanches and avalanche mitigation works. The obtanied map provides are reliable and easy to understand information where avalanches contstitue risksy sitation in regional scale as well as where new avalanche paths may develop under favourable conditions. Moreover the figure of avalanche hazard situation is presented to construct a picture of the potential threats. This paper provides information about avalanche fatalities and avalanche mitigation works in Turkey.
Numerical reconstructions of the flow and basal conditions of the Rhine glacier, European Central Alps, at the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Cohen Denis , Gillet-Chaulet Fabien , Haeberli Wilfried , Machguth Horst , Fischer Urs H.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. At the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Rhine glacier in the Swiss Alps
covered an area of about 16 000 km2. As part of an integrative
study about the safety of repositories for radioactive waste under ice age
conditions in Switzerland, we modeled the Rhine glacier using a
thermodynamically coupled three-dimensional, transient Stokes flow and heat
transport model down to a horizontal resolution of about 500 m. The
accumulation and ablation gradients that roughly reproduced the geomorphic
reconstructions of glacial extent and ice thickness suggested extremely cold
(TJuly∼0∘C at the glacier terminus) and dry
(∼10 % to 20 % of today's precipitation) climatic conditions.
Forcing the numerical simulations with warmer and wetter conditions that
better matched LGM climate proxy records yielded a glacier on average 500 to
700 m thicker than geomorphic reconstructions. Mass balance gradients
also controlled ice velocities, fluxes, and sliding speeds. These gradients,
however, had only a small effect on basal conditions. All simulations
indicated that basal ice reached the pressure melting point over much of the
Rhine and Linth piedmont lobes, and also in the glacial valleys that fed
these lobes. Only the outer margin of the lobes, bedrock highs beneath the
lobes, and Alpine valleys at high elevations in the accumulation zone
remained cold based. The Rhine glacier was thus polythermal. Sliding speed
estimated with a linear sliding rule ranged from 20 to 100 m a−1
in the lobes and 50 to 250 m a−1 in Alpine valleys. Velocity
ratios (sliding to surface speeds) were >80 % in lobes and ∼60 %
in valleys. Basal shear stress was very low in the lobes
(0.03–0.1 MPa) and much higher in Alpine valleys (>0.2 MPa). In these valleys, viscous strain heating was a dominant
source of heat, particularly when shear rates in the ice increased due to
flow constrictions, confluences, or flow past large bedrock obstacles,
contributing locally up to several watts per square meter but on average 0.03
to 0.2 W m−2. Basal friction acted as a heat source at the bed of
about 0.02 W m−2, 4 to 6 times less than the geothermal heat flow
which is locally high (up to 0.12 W m−2). In the lobes, despite
low surface slopes and low basal shear stresses, sliding dictated main fluxes
of ice, which closely followed bedrock topography: ice was channeled in
between bedrock highs along troughs, some of which coincided with glacially
eroded overdeepenings. These sliding conditions may have favored glacial
erosion by abrasion and quarrying. Our results confirmed general earlier
findings but provided more insights into the detailed flow and basal
conditions of the Rhine glacier at the LGM. Our model results suggested that
the trimline could have been buried by a significant thickness of cold ice.
These findings have significant implications for interpreting trimlines in
the Alps and for our understanding of ice–climate interactions.
The Aerodynamics of the Curled Wake: A Simplified Model in View of Flow Control
Authors: Martínez-Tossas Luis A. , Annoni Jennifer , Fleming Paul A. , Churchfield Matthew J.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. When a wind turbine is yawed, the shape of the wake changes and a curled wake profile is generated. The curled wake has drawn a lot of interest because of its aerodynamic complexity and applicability to wind farm controls. The main mechanism for the creation of the curled wake has been identified in the literature as a collection of vortices that are shed from the rotor plane when the turbine is yawed. This work extends that idea by using aerodynamic concepts to develop a control-oriented model for the curled wake based on approximations to the Navier-Stokes equations. The model is tested and compared to large-eddy simulations using actuator disk and line models. The model is able to capture the curling mechanism for a turbine under uniform inflow and in the case of a neutral atmospheric boundary layer. The model is then tested inside the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State framework and provides excellent agreement with power predictions for cases with two and three turbines in a row.
El papel de los establecimientos de protección de la infancia en Marruecos y los menores en situación de riesgo y exclusión social. El caso del Centro Ahlī de Fez
Authors: Ajaaouani Naima
Published: August 2018

El artículo examina el funcionamiento y los resultados de los establecimientos de protec-ción social dedicados a la infancia y específicamente a los menores en situación de riesgo y exclusión social que viven en la calle (los llamados “niños de la calle”) en Marruecos. El trabajo se basa en un estudio de campo realizado en Fez y se centra en uno de los dos establecimientos que tiene la ciudad, el Markaz Ahlī/Centre Ahlī, en su contexto sociocultural y económico puesto en relación con las mutaciones familiares. Se aborda su organización, objetivos, método de trabajo y beneficiarios. Las conclusiones resaltan la existencia de un considerable corpus legal de protección de los niños en Marruecos pero una falta de aplicación efectiva, la necesidad de reforzamiento de la familia y la intervención en la etapa anterior a aquella en que el menor se convierta en “niño de la calle”.
La emigración turco-irania: Del imperio safávida al mogol
Authors: Morató-Aragonés Ibáñez Marc
Published: August 2018

En Oriente Medio existió, especialmente durante la Baja Edad Media, una tendencia por parte de los reinos e imperios musulmanes a atraer soldados desvinculados con el territorio que fueran leales a la dinastía importadora. Las tribus turcas, de origen nómada y procedencia centroasiática, fueron el grupo más demandado para ocupar el puesto de capitanes militares de los Estados sedentarios de Oriente Medio, e incluso acabaron en algunos casos asumiendo rangos de soberano. A comienzos del siglo XVI se da la circunstancia de que, con la entrada de las armas de fuego, varias dinastías de origen turco se consolidan en una región tradicionalmente inestable. Uno de estos imperios, el safávida, conquista el poder mediante una nueva ideología religiosa; mientras que el otro, el mogol, se apodera del norte de la India siguiendo la ruta tradicional de los conquistadores. La pretensión de este artículo, realizado en gran parte mediante el Maathir ul-Umara (una recopilación de las biografías de destacados oficiales del imperio mogol escrita en el siglo XVIII), es analizar las condiciones de vida de las élites turcas en ambos imperios y ubicar la primera oleada migratoria del imperio safávida al mogol en un periodo de consolidación imperial mutua (1544-1627). Entendiendo esta oleada migratoria turca como un fenómeno novedoso respecto a las anteriores, analizaré el papel que jugaron las relaciones exteriores de los dos imperios, la conflictividad religiosa y las relaciones de poder entre el soberano y sus súbditos turcos, así como el impacto que tuvieron estas migraciones en la región.
Mellah: el barrio judío en las medinas de Marruecos. Reinterpretación del espacio de la minoría en la ciudad islámica
Authors: Calvo Serrano Julio , García Carrillo Fabián , Santiago Zaragoza Juan Manuel
Published: August 2018

Mellah, en Marruecos, es el barrio amurallado de algunas ciudades donde fue obligada a residir la minoría judía, en un contexto musulmán dominante, con libertad religiosa y cierta autonomía. De origen y características diversas, todos se aíslan de la ciudad, aunque reproducen su misma estructura urbana. Fueron efecto del ejercicio del poder en el Marruecos pre-colonial; cada nueva dinastía creó un barrio exclusivo para los judíos, minoría dhimmi, según la Ley Islámica, que quedaba bajo la protección del Sultán. La vida en el mellah (no asimilable al gueto europeo), conformó una identidad judeo-marroquí específica, tanto, como su compleja relación con la comunidad musulmana de la medina, pues ambos espacios constituyen una misma estructura de convivencia, manifestaciones, no tan diferentes, de una misma historia que afectó, de diversa manera, a ambas comunidades. El concepto de ciudad islámica lo forjan los orientalistas franceses de Argel que, bajo el espíritu colonial, defendían que su “desorden urbano” era resultado de la desorganización social; la segregación del mellah sería un efecto más. En este esquema preconcebido y simplista, las comunidades minoritarias son marginales, excepciones a la “verdadera esencia” de la ciudad musulmana. Los siguientes estudiosos, aunque consideraron cada ciudad en su contexto, reconociendo las diferencias de las sociedades que las componían, raramente contemplaron la interacción e influencia entre mellah y medina. La tradición jurídica islámica tuvo una influencia doble en la conformación de las medinas: regulando el espacio público y privado; y con las estipulaciones específicas para las minorías, si bien los resultados no fueron iguales en todas partes. El mellah, especificidad de las medinas marroquíes, fue uno de sus barrios constituyentes; la porosidad entre ellos reflejaba las mismas relaciones comunitarias; eran espacios de interrelación. En este trabajo se cuestiona cualquier enfoque excluyente, reinsertando el espacio de la minoría en la lectura general de la ciudad islámica del occidente mediterráneo, considerando esta como una composición de múltiples elementos conectados que evolucionan paralelamente en el tiempo, en su forma, condicionada por las necesidades y contingencias derivadas de todos sus habitantes, incluidos los grupos de las minorías que, en todo momento, han formado parte de ella.
El escenario bélico sudanés en el norte de Sudán: Montañas Nuba, Mar Rojo y Nilo Azul
Authors: Langa Herrero Alfredo
Published: August 2018

El artículo presenta el escenario del conflicto armado en las regiones sudanesas del Mar Rojo, Nilo Azul y las montañas Nuba en Kordofán, basando los argumentos en información y datos de fuentes secundarias. El periodo tratado es 1956-2011, y por lo tanto hace referencia a la República de Sudán hasta la independencia del sur, dejando de manifiesto que la violencia y el conflicto armado no se han circunscrito a la dicotomía norte-sur, sino que en el norte los efectos de la represión de los Gobiernos de Jartum se han hecho notar desde el nacimiento del país. De esta manera, los intentos de dominación de las élites político-económicas y socio-religiosas gobernantes han tratado de suprimir otras formas identitarias que no reflejen la visión unívoca de dichas élites, de cara a ejercer la hegemonía e imponer su modelo de sociedad. Para ello, la represión y la violencia han sido herramientas ampliamente utilizadas, provocando un escenario de tensión y guerra casi permanente en amplias zonas del norte sudanés.
Crianças, políticas e participação: um olhar sobre o Seminário Internacional Infâncias Sul Americanas
Authors: Voltarelli Monique Aparecida
Published: August 2018

Observa-se que o campo dos estudos sociais da infância tem obtido um aumento significativo na produção e pesquisa sobre as crianças e a infância em âmbito nacional e internacional. Assim que, a realização do Seminário Internacional Infâncias Sul Americanas evidenciou as investigações desenvolvidas sobre a infância no âmbito sul americano objetivando fortalecer a rede de pesquisadores e profissionais que tem se engajado ao campo. Para este texto apresenta-se a configuração do seminário demonstrando os indicativos relacionados ao grande interesse de pesquisadores, professores, estudantes sobre temas como crianças nas cidades, infâncias no contexto sul-americano, políticas sociais, e participação infantil. Por meio de debates, trocas e compartilhamento de investigações sobre a infância e as crianças nos diversos contextos geográficos, culturas e sociais, o seminário apontou que a luta pela efetivação das crianças como sujeito de direitos e pela garantia de espaços que possibilitem a participação das crianças no âmbito social, político e urbano ainda se configuram como um desafio e que há um longo caminho a ser percorrido para que se reconheçam as crianças como sujeitos sociais.
Infâncias e mídias: atenção às vozes infantis
Authors: De Matos Lins Heloísa Andreia , Reis Genuíno Renata , Ferroni Branquinho Helena
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo destaca elementos de dois estudos empíricos com crianças entre 4 e 12 anos, da cidade de Campinas/ São Paulo, Brasil, mapeando suas relações com as mídias e problematizando representações comuns em torno das mesmas, fundamentalmente a partir do aporte teórico centrado na chamada pedagogia da infância e das possíveis aproximações entre a sociologia da infância e a psicologia histórico-cultural.  Ambas as pesquisas foram tecidas com referenciais qualitativos, tendo como principais instrumentos de produção de dados as conversas com as crianças, alguns adultos (pais ou professores) e/ou observação em campo (registros fotográficos das brincadeiras e anotações em caderno de campo). Os principais aspectos analisados, a partir da escuta das crianças, revelam uma complexidade de elementos para a construção de indicadores nesse sentido. No entanto, também destacam que os artefatos digitais e/ou o contato com as mídias configuram marcas importantes no que se refere à constituição e pluralidade das infâncias - seus desejos, brinquedos, criações e fantasias - ora semelhantes às gerações anteriores, ora completamente distintas, lançando os pesquisadores e educadores em novos caminhos investigativos.
Modulation of the following segment effect on English coronal stop deletion by syntactic boundaries
Authors: Tamminga Meredith
Published: August 2018

Variable deletion of word-final coronal stops in English is strongly conditioned by whether the following segment is a consonant or a vowel. This paper uses corpus data to show that this following segment effect is weaker across strong syntactic boundaries (such as between independent matrix clauses) than across weak syntactic boundaries (between a verb and its direct object). This result is argued to be compatible with the Production Planning Hypothesis: that following context effects on phonological variation can be bled by failure to encode the next word in time for it to influence an alternation. Further, the interaction of boundary and following segment is asymmetric; the deletion-inhibiting effect of a following vowel is significantly weakened across stronger syntactic boundaries, while the deletion rate before consonants is more stable across different boundary types. The asymmetry provides new evidence in favor of syllabification-based explanations for why coronal stop deletion exhibits the following segment effect.
The Tyranny of the Bottle: Vitasoy and the Cultural Politics of Packaging
Authors: Fu Jia-Chen
Published: August 2018

This article seeks to illuminate the field of social and material relations that generated and were generated by the Vitasoy milk bottle. When Vitasoy began making and selling soybean milk in 1940, the materiality of the milk bottle underscored and participated in assembling producers and consumers in both productive and problematic ways. The milk bottle was a material instantiation of a pattern of desires closely associated with global modernity that gestured beyond the geographical specificity of Hong Kong to an idealized community of rational, health-minded milk drinkers. As a marker of hygienic modernity and a badge of humanitarian relief and nutritional activism, the milk bottle conveyed seemingly universal ideals about health and fitness and materially affirmed the new idea that soybean milk was a dairy substitute. How the Vitasoy milk bottle could perform such functions requires disentangling the multiple lines of influence, local and global, that helped make the milk bottle meaningful.
La imagen del mundo en las culturas prehispánicas
Authors: Badía Serra Eduardo
Published: August 2018

Este artículo esboza las imágenes del mundo que tenían nahuas, mayas, quechuas, y se comparan con la cosmovisión de la Grecia antigua. El autor busca demostrar que en todas esas cosmovisiones subyace un riguroso esfuerzo racional, para explicarse el universo.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS Año 10, No.20, Enero-Mayo de 2012, pp.39-75
Semos malos: el país más violento de la faz de la tierra
Authors: López Rojas Nelson Javier
Published: August 2018

TEORÍA Y PRAXIS año 10, No.21, Junio-Diciembre de 2012, pp.85-89
Garantía sustancial de edad mínima de responsabilidad penal juvenil
Authors: De Rosa Pablo A.
Published: August 2018

En Argentina, la aún vigente Ley N° 22.278 (1980), permite la disposición penal de los niños exentos de responsabilidad penal, propia de la doctrina del patronato, contraria al postulado del art. 40 inc. 3.a de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niños (1989). Pero lo más preocupante es que en los debates legislativos de reforma penal juvenil, se advierte la ausencia de voluntad para establecer una normativa clara sobre qué tipo de intervención estatal corresponde a los niños no punibles, que en la práctica deriva en la justicia penal adolescente. Es por ello que el presente trabajo desarrolla la garantía sustancial de edad mínima de responsabilidad penal, como postulado de construcción del derecho penal juvenil, que limita la intervención del sistema represivo del estado, optando por la prevención del delito por medio de la protección integral de sus derechos.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS año 16, No.32, Enero-Mayo de 2018, pp.3-12
El ego conquiro como inicio de la modernidad
Authors: Montano Rudy
Published: August 2018

En este artículo se pretende demostrar los elementos que caracterizan el ego conquiro, es decir un sujeto “pre-moderno”. El análisis se hace a partir del hecho de la conquista de América por parte de los europeos. El objetivo de la conquista es adquirir territorios, y al mismo tiempo, colonizar al indígena de América no sólo físicamente, sino ideológicamente. Este tema corresponde a uno de los aspectos que conforman la filosofía de la liberación de Enrique Dussel.El objetivo de este escrito es demostrar que la constitución del ego conquiro es el punto de partida, el inicio del proceso de constitución del victimario en sujeto. Es de vital importancia, para poder abordar la liberación de la víctima, hablar sobre cómo el victimario se constituye en sujeto desde la dialéctica de la dominación. La racionalidad del ego conquiro genera prácticas que desembocan en la generación de víctimas. El artículo se desarrollará en cuatro partes. La primera explica en qué consiste el proceso de constitución del ego conquiro. La segunda hace referencia, a consecuencia de ese proceso, a la relación dialéctica descubrimiento-encubrimiento del otro que obliga a preguntarnos por la dialéctica racionalidad-irracionalidad. La tercera plantea el problema de la colonización y el eurocentrismo como elementos propios del ego conquiro. Finalmente, la Conclusión recogerá las afirmaciones trabajadas y se centrará en la crítica a la afirmación de Enrique Dussel: “el ego conquiro es el inicio de la modernidad.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS año 16, No.32, Enero-Mayo de 2018, pp.13-27
Decision-making in advanced heart failure patients requiring LVAD insertion: Can preoperative simulation become the way forward? A case study
Authors: M Capoccia , S Marconi , C De Lazzari
Published: August 2018

Clinical practice heavily relies on results from randomized controlled trials, which may not reflect completely individual patients. Patient-specific modelling has received increasing attention in recent years. Although still far from clinical application on a daily basis, the potential of this approach is significant. The treatment of advanced heart failure may benefit from a modelling framework to guide device treatment and predict outcome. The role of mechanical circulatory support as a long-term solution is increasing in view of the evolving technology and worsening heart failure patient population. Therefore, a preoperative strategy with the ability to predict the course of events in a simulation setting may be justified. Here we present a heart failure patient discussed at a multidisciplinary team meeting whose outcome was compared with simulations carried out with CARDIOSIM$^{©}$ software to investigate the role of this approach as a planning strategy to guide intervention and predict outcome. The clinical decision process is complex and many factors are involved. Patient-specific modelling may have a role to play as part of a preoperative planning strategy with more quantitative evaluation to smooth decision-making.
Designing Structured Design Thinking Framework for Societal System Design in the Unknown Context
Authors: Tomita Yoshikazu , Maeno Takashi
Published: August 2018

Currently where everything has increased in complexity, systems designers such as a business model designer are challenged to solve ill-defined problems by creating innovations and designing societal systems. For handling such problems, design thinking has attracted attention as a methodology for solving "ill-defined" problems. However, design thinking cannot create innovations or design societal systems by itself because design thinking cannot guarantee reproducibility in a system design.In fact, design thinking is effective when applied to the systems approach process and when embedded in its processes. This paper proposes using the advantages of both design thinking and the systems approach to build a structured design thinking framework. This framework integrates the nonstructured design thinking process and the structured systems approach process. We used this framework to redesign a local community in Japan and to design a new concept of an aquarium. We further confirmed that this framework is effective.
MARIAN MINICH (1898‒1965)
Authors: Kurc-Maj Paulina
Published: August 2018

Marian Minich was born on the 21st December
1898 in Baligród near Lesko, died on the 6th of July 1965 in
Łódź. For thirty years, excluding the World War II period,
he was a director of the Art Museum in Łódź. In 1929, he
graduated from the John Casimir University in Lviv, history of
art faculty. He worked there from 1928, first as an assistant
of Professor Władysław Kozicki, then of Professor Władysław
Podlacha. In 1932, he defended his doctoral thesis on the
oeuvre of Andrzej Grabowski (published in 1957). He was
granted a university award while still a student for his
study The Concept of Art by Wölfflin, whose methodology
influenced future exhibition concepts of Marian Minich.
From the late 1920s, he was writing as an art critic for
Lviv newspapers. In 1935, he assumed the position of the
director of the Art Museum in Łódź (at the time: the J. and
K. Bartoszewicz Museum of History and Art). Among his
major achievements was not only a remarkable expansion
of museum collection, but also a transformation of the
museum into an institution devoted exclusively to art, with
a significant representation of contemporary art. In the
uneasy post-war years, he managed to sustain this direction,
both before and after the tightening of cultural policies in
the socialist realism era. In 1948, together with the first
post-war permanent exhibition, the Art Museum in Łódź
opened thanks to him the “Neoplastic Room” by Władysław
Strzemiński. Marian Minich was also a persistent defender
of the avant-garde, and strived to make it an integral part
of conceptual programme for any art museum. From the
years 1946/1947 to 1951/1952, he taught art history at the
University of Łódź. His professional experience as a museum
director has been described by him in a book Szalona galeria
(published in 1963); his article O nową organizację muzeów
sztuki (1966) he devoted to museum issues.
A taxonomic revision of seed harvester ants of the Tetramorium solidum group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in southern Africa
Authors: Mbanyana Nokuthula , Hita Garcia Francisco , Robertson Hamish Gibson , Le Roux Johannes Jacobus
Published: August 2018

Ants of the Tetramorium solidum group occur in Africa, with the vast majority of species endemic to the arid regions of southern Africa. The first revision of the genus was published more than 30 years ago and ant surveys have since considerably expanded the number of specimens available for study. The revision of this group reveals five new species, expanding the total number to 19. Almost all the species in this group occur in the southern parts of the Afrotropical region, with the exception of T. setuliferum Emery, 1895 and T. rothschildi (Forel, 1907). These two species have broad distributions within African grasslands and savannas, with T. setuliferum occurring in southern Africa and T. rothschildi in East Africa and the Sahel. Five new species are described in this revision: T. aisha sp. nov., T. brigitteae sp. nov., T. duncani sp. nov., T. lerouxi sp. nov. and T. margueriteae sp. nov. An illustrated key is presented and descriptions of new species are provided, supported by montage images and distribution maps.
Analytical CPG model driven by single-limb velocity input generates accurate temporal locomotor dynamics
Authors: Yakovenko Sergiy , Sobinov Anton , Gritsenko Valeriya
Published: August 2018

The ability of vertebrates to generate rhythm within their spinal neural networks is essential for walking, running, and other rhythmic behaviors. The central pattern generator (CPG) network responsible for these behaviors is well-characterized with experimental and theoretical studies, and it can be formulated as a nonlinear dynamical system. The underlying mechanism responsible for locomotor behavior can be expressed as the process of leaky integration with resetting states generating appropriate phases for changing body velocity. The low-dimensional input to the CPG model generates the bilateral pattern of swing and stance modulation for each limb and is consistent with the desired limb speed as the input command. To test the minimal configuration of required parameters for this model, we reduced the system of equations representing CPG for a single limb and provided the analytical solution with two complementary methods. The analytical and empirical cycle durations were similar (R2=0.99) for the full range of walking speeds. The structure of solution is consistent with the use of limb speed as the input domain for the CPG network. Moreover, the reciprocal interaction between two leaky integration processes representing a CPG for two limbs was sufficient to capture fundamental experimental dynamics associated with the control of heading direction. This analysis provides further support for the embedded velocity or limb speed representation within spinal neural pathways involved in rhythm generation.
Vinasse application and cessation of burning in sugarcane management can have positive impact on soil carbon stocks
Authors: Zani Caio F. , Barneze Arlete S. , Robertson Andy D. , Keith Aidan M. , Cerri Carlos E.P. , McNamara Niall P. , Cerri Carlos C.
Published: August 2018

Bioenergy crops, such as sugarcane, have the potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through fossil fuel substitution. However, increased sugarcane propagation and recent management changes have raised concerns that these practices may deplete soil carbon (C) stocks, thereby limiting the net greenhouse gas benefit. In this study, we use both a measured and modelled approach to evaluate the impacts of two common sugarcane management practices on soil C sequestration potential in Brazil. We explore how transitions from conventional (mineral fertiliser/burning) to improved (vinasse application/unburned) practices influence soil C stocks in total and in physically fractionated soil down to one metre. Results suggest that vinasse application leads to an accumulation of soil C of 0.55 Mg ha−1yr−1 at 0–30 cm depth and applying unburned management led to gains of ∼0.7 Mg ha−1yr−1 at 30–60 cm depth. Soil C concentration in the Silt+Clay fraction of topsoil (0–20 cm) showed higher C content in unburned management but it did not differ under vinasse application. The CENTURY model was used to simulate the consequences of management changes beyond the temporal extent of the measurements. Simulations indicated that vinasse was not the key factor driving increases in soil C stocks but its application may be the most readily available practice to prevent the soil C losses under burned management. Furthermore, cessation of burning may increase topsoil C by 40% after ∼50 years. These are the first data comparing different sugarcane management transitions within a single area. Our findings indicate that both vinasse application and the cessation of burning can play an important role in reducing the time required for sugarcane ethanol production to reach a net C benefit (payback time).
A method to predict patient‐specific table coordinates for quality assurance in external beam radiation therapy
Authors: Saenz Daniel L. , Astorga Nestor Rodrigo , Kirby Neil , Fakhreddine Mohamad , Rasmussen Karl , Stathakis Sotirios , Papanikolaou Niko
Published: August 2018

Purpose

While external beam radiotherapy treatment planning determines nearly every mechanical and dosimetric parameter of the linear accelerator (LINAC), the table coordinates in all three dimensions are generally unknown until initial patient setup at the LINAC. Knowing these parameters in advance could help verify the direction of patient shifts and prevent wrong‐site errors. This study aims to determine the feasibility and accuracy of table coordinate prediction for indexed immobilization devices.

Methods

A total of 303 table coordinates were predicted for patients on Varian and Elekta linear accelerators with immobilization devices including Orfit mask with baseplate, wingboard, breastboard and BodyFix. Predictions were made for all three spatial dimensions except for Body Fix setups due to the lack of a radiographically apparent indexing‐related landmark. Coordinates were predicted by measuring baseline table coordinates in all dimensions at specified landmark positions.

Results

Predictions were accurate within 2 cm for 86% of coordinates (71% within 1 cm). Table coordinates were predicted most accurately for head and neck patients with a base plate and the most difficult prediction was in the lateral direction for breastboard patients.

Conclusions

With proper indexing, table coordinates can be predicted with reasonable accuracy. The data suggest an action of level of 2 cm with certain exceptions for specific immobilization devices and directions.
Poling Technologies and Design Optimization for Integrated Piezoelectric Bulk Transducers and Piezoelectric Composites
Authors: Eßlinger Sophia , Schönecker Andreas , Neumeister Peter
Published: August 2018

The present paper investigates new approaches for the optimization of the electromechanical coupling of integrated piezoelectric transducers with view on series integration processes. Thereby, the focus lies on the poling process itself as well as on the device design ensuring polarizability. In the first part, poling of piezoelectric bulk materials is reviewed with the aim to identify potentials for its direct implementation into the fabrication process of functionalized lightweight structures. In the second part of the paper, design and poling process of polymer‐ceramic composites made of piezoelectric fibers and particles are evaluated. On the basis of finite element analyses and simplified poling models, suggestions for significant performance improvements are made. First experiments confirm the potential of the considered approaches.
Development of a Series Capable Production Process for Fiber‐Reinforced Composites with Thermoplastic Matrices and Material‐Integrated Piezoceramic Modules
Authors: Winkler Anja , Modler Niels , Weber Tony , Täger Olaf
Published: August 2018

Fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites are widely used in technical applications, for example, in machine, automotive, and equipment industries. Reasons for this are the excellent and adaptable mechanical properties and the high potential of the associated manufacturing processes for a very efficient and resource‐efficient production with larger volumes. However, these lightweight structures often show high vibration amplitudes and high resulting sound radiation due to their reduced weight and moments of inertia, which results in a decreased vibro‐acoustic performance especially for dynamically loaded applications. Besides passive damping measures, active vibration control using piezoelectric transducers is a suitable option. The layer‐wise built‐up of the fiber‐reinforced composites enables the integration of additional elements, such as flat sensors and actuators into this layup. This offers the possibility to embed piezoceramic modules to create function‐integrative components, which are able to sense or generate vibrations. A main challenge for a successfully transfer of this technology into industrial applications is the development of appropriate series‐capable manufacturing processes for integrating piezoceramic modules into composite structures. This contribution is intended to show a possibility to realize such a process. Here, the basic idea is to use thermoplastic polymers as matrix and raw materials in order to enable very efficient and fast production processes. But the major advantages of this new material concept, short cycle times, and relatively simple processing tools can only be facilitated, if some challenges, especially in regard to press processes, are overcome. The processing temperatures of thermoplastic based composites are higher than those for thermoset matric based composites. Integrating the piezoceramic modules, the Curie temperature may be exceeded, which will cause the depolarization of the piezoceramic elements. The presented newly developed manufacturing technology pays special attention to this fact. For the first time, this technology allows to realize a one shot technology for fiber‐reinforced composites with thermoplastic matrices and integrated piezoceramic elements. Thereby, the focus is on the conception and analysis of the manufacturing process and experimental investigations to determine suitable material and processing parameters.
Doping Effects and Charge‐Transfer Dynamics at Hybrid Perovskite/Graphene Interfaces
Authors: Brus Viktor V. , Lang Felix , Fengler Steffen , Dittrich Thomas , Rappich Jörg , Nickel Norbert H.
Published: August 2018

In this work doping effects and charge transfer processes at the perovskite/graphene interface in the dark and under illumination are investigated. Hall effect, field effect, and surface photovoltage measurements suggest that hybrid perovskite layers induce strong n‐type doping of graphene after annealing at low temperature (330 K) in vacuum. It is found that the observed photoinduced changes in the electronic properties of graphene, functionalized by a hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite layer, are caused by two independent mechanisms with different time scales: (i) a fast collection of photogenerated holes by graphene from the perovskite layer and (ii) a slow ion rearrangement in the perovskite lattice at the perovskite/graphene interface. The observed annealing‐induced n‐type and photoinduced p‐type doping effects allow to reversibly switch the type of conduction of the perovskite/graphene system.
Formation of Liquid–Liquid Micropatterns through Guided Liquid Displacement on Liquid‐Infused Surfaces
Authors: Paulssen Dorothea , Feng Wenqian , Pini Ivana , Levkin Pavel A.
Published: August 2018

Here a method is demonstrated to pattern liquids of varying surface tension and composition into droplets by utilizing slippery liquid‐infused surfaces prepared on chemically‐patterned substrates. The capability of different liquids to displace the lubricant from higher surface energy regions is studied and it is shown that both high and low surface tension liquids can imbibe the polymer, thereby forming droplets sharply following underlying surface energy patterns. For all liquids tested, droplet arrays of arbitrary shapes of each liquid are formed with precision down to 50 µm. By changing the chemical patterning from fluorinated to aliphatic groups, patterns of mineral and silicone oils are created. Finally, formation of 2D micropatterns of three‐phase liquid systems—fluorinated, organic, and aqueous phases—is demonstrated.