bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometry peripheral blood micronucleus test in vivo: Determination of potential thresholds for aneuploidy induced by spindle poisons
Authors: Cammerer Zoryana , Schumacher Martin M. , Kirsch‐Volders Micheline , Suter Willi , Elhajouji Azeddine
Published: December 2009

Non‐DNA binding genotoxins (e.g., aneugens), unlike DNA‐binding genotoxins, are theoretically expected to show thresholded concentration‐effect response curves. This is a major issue in genetic toxicology testing because the identification of thresholds in vivo can provide a safety margin for exposure to a particular compound. In the current study we measured micronucleus induction by flow cytometry to determine the dose‐response curves for tubulin interacting agents, a specific class of aneugens. All experiments with aneugens, which include colchicine, vinblastine, vincristine, as well as the clastogen cyclophosphamide (CP) were performed in mice to avoid the splenic elimination of micronucleated reticulocytes, which has been described in rats. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a non‐linear dose‐dependent increase in micronuclei frequencies for all tested aneugens, and a linear dose response curve for the clastogen, CP. To determine whether micronucleus induction at higher doses was due to chromosome loss (aneuploidy) or chromosome breakage (clastogenicity), flow sorting of the micronucleated reticulocytes and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a mouse pan centromeric probe were performed for vinblastine, vincristine, and colchicine. Statistical evaluation of the flow cytometry and FISH data was performed to determine the threshold levels for chromosome loss in vivo. The threshold concentrations for vinblastine, vincristine, and colchicine were found at 0.35, 0.017, and 0.49 mg kg−1, respectively. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identifying business cycle turning points with sequential Monte Carlo methods: an online and real‐time application to the Euro area
Authors: Billio Monica , Casarin Roberto
Published: December 2009

We propose a new approach for detecting turning points and forecasting the level of economic activity in the business cycle. We make use of coincident indicators and of nonlinear and non‐Gaussian latent variable models. We thus combine the ability of nonlinear models to capture the asymmetric features of the business cycle with information on the current state of the economy provided by coincident indicators. Our approach relies upon sequential Monte Carlo filtering techniques applied to time‐nonhomogenous Markov‐switching models. The transition probabilities are driven by a beta‐distributed stochastic component and by a set of exogenous variables. We illustrate, in a full Bayesian and online context, the effectiveness of the methodology. We also measure its ability to identify turning points and to forecast the European business cycle on both realtime and last‐revised data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New evidence on the relation between return volatility and trading volume
Authors: Chiang Thomas C. , Qiao Zhuo , Wong Wing‐Keung
Published: December 2009

In the empirical literature, it has been shown that there exists both linear and non‐linear bi‐directional causality between trading volumes and return volatility (measured by the square of daily return). We re‐examine this claim by using realized volatility as an estimator of the unobserved volatility, adopting a stationary de‐trended trading volume, and applying a more recent data sample with robustness tests over time. Our linear Granger causality test shows that there is no causal linear relation running from volume to volatility, but there exists an ambiguous causality for the reverse direction. In contrast, we find strong bi‐directional non‐linear Granger causality between these two variables. On the basis of the non‐linear forecasting modeling technique, this study provides strong evidence to support the sequential information hypothesis and demonstrates that it is useful to use lagged values of trading volume to predict return volatility. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor spectrum in children with Noonan syndrome and SOS1 or RAF1 mutations
Authors: Denayer Ellen , Devriendt Koen , de Ravel Thomy , Van Buggenhout Griet , Smeets Eric , Francois Inge , Sznajer Yves , Craen Margarita , Leventopoulos George , Mutesa Léon , Vandecasseye Willy , Massa Guy , Kayserili Hulya , Sciot Raf , Fryns Jean‐Pierre , Legius Eric
Published: December 2009

Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, and RAF1. We performed SOS1, RAF1, BRAF, MEK1, and MEK2 mutation analysis in a cohort of 102 PTPN11‐ and KRAS‐negative NS patients and found pathogenic SOS1 mutations in 10, RAF1 mutations in 4, and BRAF mutations in 2 patients. Three novel SOS1 mutations were found. One was classified as a rare benign variant and the other remains unclassified. We confirm a high prevalence of pulmonic stenosis and ectodermal abnormalities in SOS1‐positive patients. Three patients with SOS1 mutations presented with tumors (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, Sertoli cell testis tumor, and granular cell tumors of the skin). One patient with a RAF1 mutation had a lesion suggestive for a giant cell tumor. This is the first report describing different tumor types in NS patients with germ line SOS1 mutations. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neck ultrasound for prediction of right nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve
Authors: Huang Shih‐Ming , Wu Ta‐Jen
Published: December 2009

Background.

Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is 1 of the important causes for nerve damage during neck surgery. The anomaly is almost associated with congenital vascular abnormally. Most neck vascular anomalies can be detected by ultrasound.

Methods.

Both 3.5‐MHz and 10‐MHz probe neck ultrasound scans were performed for 2330 patients undergoing thyroidectomy preoperatively. Absence of innominate artery (INA) was defined as positive with right NRLN.

Results.

Of 13 positive patients found by 10‐MHz probe, 11 were also identified by 3.5‐MHz probe, and proved to be with right NRLN during operation. Two false‐positive patients (18%) found by 10‐MHz probe were due to short INA and tortuous INA, respectively. The incidence of right NRLN was 0.47% in Chinese people. Both the sensitivity and specificity for predicting right NRLN by 3.5‐MHz probe were 100%.

Conclusion.

A 3.5‐MHz probe neck ultrasound scan can accurately demonstrate right NRLN. Applying this tool for neck surgery to reduce the nerve damage is highly advised. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Salvage treatment for recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Röösli Christof , Studer Gabriela , Stoeckli Sandro J.
Published: December 2009

Background.

This study evaluates the oncological outcome of patients with recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) after primary radiation therapy ± chemotherapy, primary surgical therapy, and surgical therapy followed by radiation therapy ± chemotherapy.

Methods.

A total of 156 patients (36%) of a cohort of 427 treated for OPSCC between 1990 and 2006 developed recurrent disease. Fifty‐one patients (12%) qualified for salvage treatment. Study endpoints were 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).

Results.

The 5‐year OS and DSS rates after salvage treatment were 29% and 40%; after initial primary radiation therapy, 25% and 40%; after initial surgery followed by radiation therapy, 40% and 40%; and after initial surgery alone, 20% and 40%.

Conclusions.

Patients with an advanced OPSCC have a considerable risk for recurrence. Despite poor ultimate outcome, salvage treatment should be attempted in patients with resectable disease, good performance status, and absence of distant metastases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Sequential evaluation of swallowing function in patients with unilateral neck dissection
Authors: Hirai Hideaki , Omura Ken , Harada Hiroyuki , Tohara Haruka
Published: December 2009

Background.

Neck dissection is the most reliable treatment for cervical lymph node metastases in head and neck cancer. However, it is unknown whether neck dissection can cause dysphagia. The aim of this study was to evaluate swallowing function after neck dissection.

Methods.

By using videofluoroscopic and videoendoscopic methods, swallowing function was evaluated in 17 patients prior to, 1 month after, and 4 months after neck dissection.

Results.

In comparison with preoperative observations, swallowing function after neck dissection was affected by the following changes: a forward and downward displacement of the hyoid bone at rest and at its highest position, a decrease in the distance traversed by the hyoid bone during swallowing, and an increase in laryngeal penetration. Pharyngeal residue and aspiration were not observed in any of the patients.

Conclusion.

Although swallowing function is affected by neck dissection, serious clinical problems are not likely to occur. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Positive association of glucose‐regulated protein 78 during oral cancer progression and the prognostic value in oral precancerous lesions
Authors: Lin Chien‐Yu , Chen Wen‐Ho , Liao Chun‐Ta , Chen I‐How , Chiu Ching‐Chi , Wang Hung‐Ming , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Lee Li‐Yu , Chang Joseph Tung‐Chieh , Cheng Ann‐Joy
Published: December 2009

Background.

Our aim was to examine the potential role of glucose‐regulated protein (GRP)78 during oral cancer progression and the prognostic value in oral precancerous lesions.

Methods.

A total of 204 patients with oral cancer and 86 with precancerous lesions were investigated. GRP78 expression was determined in the lesion tissues by Western blot analysis. Association of GRP78 with clinicopathology or disease prognosis was examined using Fisher's exact, Kaplan–Meier, or Cox regression method.

Results.

Hyperexpression of GRP78 was found to be correlated with increasing malignant potential of oral lesions, with 14% in leukoplakia, 27% in erythroplakia, 50% in verrucous lesion, and 74% in oral cancer (p < .0001), suggesting this molecule plays a crucial role in the early steps of oral oncogenesis. In patients with precancerous lesions of the oral cavity, GRP78 expression predicts poorer same‐site premalignancy‐free survival (p = .002) and malignancy‐free survival rates (p = .002).

Conclusion.

Determination of GRP78 expression levels might enable a better risk stratification for patients with oral premalignant lesions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Transoral laser microsurgery for T3 laryngeal tumors: Prognostic factors
Authors: Vilaseca Isabel , Bernal‐Sprekelsen Manuel , Luis Blanch José
Published: December 2009

Background.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) in T3 laryngeal carcinomas and to identify prognostic factors for survival and laryngeal preservation.

Methods.

This study aimed to provide a retrospective analysis of 147 consecutive patients, evaluating their overall survival, disease‐specific survival, laryngectomy‐free survival, and function preservation rate.

Results.

Five‐year overall, disease‐specific, and laryngectomy‐free survivals were 53.1%, 70.2%, and 62.3%, respectively. Disease‐specific survival differed between glottic and supraglottic tumors (86.3% vs 61.8%; p = .015). Function preservation was 65.5% in supraglottic and 49.1% in glottic tumors (p = .002). Disease‐specific survival was not related to pre‐epiglottic involvement, cord fixation, or focal cartilage infiltration (p > .05). Vocal cord fixation and cartilage infiltration were independent negative prognostic factors for organ preservation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.184; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.082–0.411; p = .000 and OR = 0.331; 95% CI = 0.139–0.789; p = .013, respectively).

Conclusion.

Our conclusion is that TLM is a good alternative in a large number of T3 laryngeal tumors, with adequate survival and organ preservation rates above 60%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Evaluation of available surgical management options for early supraglottic cancer
Authors: Karatzanis Alexander D. , Psychogios George , Zenk Johannes , Waldfahrer Frank , Hornung Joachim , Velegrakis George A. , Iro Heinrich
Published: December 2009

Background.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the oncologic results of endoscopic and open surgical techniques in early supraglottic cancer.

Methods.

We performed a retrospective evaluation of 101 patients surgically treated for stage I or II supraglottic carcinomas. Laser surgery, horizontal laryngectomy, and total laryngectomy were compared for disease‐specific survival and local control rates. Surgical techniques were additionally compared for incidence of major complications, related tracheotomies, and swallowing function retention.

Results.

No statistically significant differences were noted among the different types of procedures regarding disease‐specific survival and local control. A lower incidence of major complications, permanent gastrostomies, and significantly lower incidence of tracheotomies were noted for laser surgery compared with open techniques.

Conclusion.

Larynx‐preserving surgical modalities offer comparable oncologic results with total laryngectomy in early supraglottic cancer. In addition, laser surgery has a lower incidence of complications and better functional results compared with open partial or total laryngectomy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Use of nasotracheal intubation in patients receiving oral cavity free flap reconstruction
Authors: Moore Michael G. , Bhrany Amit D. , Francis David O. , Yueh Bevan , Futran Neal D.
Published: December 2009

Background.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect airway management has on perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing oral cavity free flap reconstruction.

Methods.

A retrospective review was performed on patients receiving oral cavity free flap reconstruction between March 2006 and October 2007. Patient, tumor, and treatment variables were recorded. Patients were managed with nasotracheal intubation (NTI) or elective tracheotomy and different perioperative outcomes were measured.

Results.

Thirty‐seven patients received NTI and 21 received tracheotomy. No patients in the NTI group required conversion to tracheotomy or reintubation. The mean total hospital stay was prolonged in the tracheotomy group (12.4 days vs 8.4 days), as was their likelihood of requiring a feeding tube at discharge (76% vs 19%). In multivariate analyses, placement of a tracheotomy was independently correlated with longer hospital stay and feeding tube dependence at discharge.

Conclusions.

NTI is a safe alternative to tracheotomy for select patients receiving oral cavity free flap reconstruction and may reduce hospital stay and feeding tube dependence at discharge. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Impact of age at diagnosis on prognosis and treatment in laryngeal cancer
Authors: Reizenstein Johan A. , Bergström Stefan N. , Holmberg Lars , Linder Arne , Ekman Simon , Blomquist Erik , Lödén Britta , Holmqvist Marit , Hellström Karin , Nilsson Christer O. , Brattström Daniel , Bergqvist Michael
Published: December 2009

Background.

The aims of this study were to analyze how age affects treatment and treatment outcome, and to determine whether tumor characteristics differ between different age groups with laryngeal cancer.

Methods.

Patients with laryngeal cancer during 1978–2004 in the Uppsala–Örebro region in Sweden were retrospectively studied.

Results.

There were no significant differences in the 945 cases between age groups concerning major patient and tumor characteristics, such as male/female ratio, distribution of glottic/supraglottic tumors, stage, or site of recurrence. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were worse among the oldest, although a significant proportion was cured. Relapse risk was lower among the oldest (12%) compared with the youngest (23%). The risk of never becoming tumor‐free was 25% among the oldest and 7% in the youngest. Among the most elderly, only 1 late recurrence occurred.

Conclusion.

Elderly patients with laryngeal carcinoma cope well with treatment. Undertreatment may determine outcome more than age. The oldest group should be followed for a minimum of 2 years. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Cetuximab as primary treatment for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to the neck
Authors: Kim Sung , Eleff Michael , Nicolaou Nicos
Published: December 2009

Background.

Head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) metastatic to lymph nodes is commonly treated with surgery plus radiotherapy.

Methods.

We present the case of a 92‐year‐old man with cutaneous SCC metastatic to the neck (7 cm) who was treated with primary cetuximab and has had a durable complete response for 7 months. Because of his age, comorbidities, and unresectable neck lymphadenopathy, he received primary cetuximab. He received a 400 mg/m2 loading dose and a 250 mg/m2 weekly dose for 3 months and then had to discontinue as a result of other unrelated medical issues.

Results.

The patient had a complete response by 6 weeks. Seven months after discontinuing cetuximab, he continues to have a complete response.

Conclusions.

Primary cetuximab for cutaneous SCC metastatic to lymph nodes is an area that bears further investigation because of its apparent efficacy and excellent toxicity profile. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Anticancer effect of photodynamic therapy with hexenyl ester of 5‐aminolevulinic acid in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Moon Yeon‐Hee , Park Jong‐Hwan , Kim Soo‐A , Lee Jee‐Bum , Ahn Sang‐Gun , Yoon Jung‐Hoon
Published: December 2009

Background.

Five‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and its derivatives act as precursors of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). In this study, the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with hexenyl ester of ALA (ALA‐hx) was examined in a human oral squamous cell carcinoma, YD10B cells.

Methods.

PpIX accumulation and mRNA expression of coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPO) by ALA and ALA‐hx was examined. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay and the molecular mechanism was investigated.

Results.

The PpIX synthesis and mRNA expression of CPO was much higher in the cells treated with ALA‐hx than ALA. At the concentration that PDT with ALA did not affect cell growth, ALA‐hx PDT effectively produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed cell growth. Growth inhibition by ALA‐hx PDT was due to mitochondrial‐dependent apoptosis.

Conclusion.

Our results suggest that ALA‐hx PDT effectively induced apoptosis of YD‐10B cells and can be considered as a therapeutic alternative for oral cancer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Successful endovascular treatment of intractable epistaxis due to ruptured internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to invasive fungal sinusitis
Authors: Jao Shaner‐Yeun , Weng Hsu‐Huei , Wong Ho‐Fai , Wang Wen‐Hung , Tsai Yuan‐Hsiung
Published: December 2009

Background.

Mycotic pseudoaneurysm from the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) secondary to an invasive aspergillus sinusitis is rare. Surgical intervention with ICA ligation is generally accepted for most mycotic aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms. When presented with massive epistaxis due to a fungal aspergillus ICA invasion, mortality rates are high.

Methods.

We present the case of a 76‐year‐old man who developed intractable epistaxis due to a mycotic pseudoaneurysm arising from the cavernous segment of the right ICA.

Results.

The patient was successfully treated by endovascular embolization at the orifice of the pseudoaneurysm followed by the total ICA trapping technique using electrolytically Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) and injection of N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate (n‐BCA). The patient survived for 7 months but eventually died of urosepsis and cardiorespiratory failure.

Conclusion.

Endovascular embolization is a feasible and life‐saving approach for emergent management of massive intractable epistaxis secondary to a complicated invasive fungal sinusitis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
The impact of training and demographics in WIA program performance: A statistical analysis
Authors: Moore Richard W. , Gorman Philip C.
Published: December 2009

The Workforce Investment Act (WIA) measures participant labor market outcomes to drive program performance. This article uses statistical analysis to examine the relationship between participant characteristics and key outcome measures in one large California local WIA program. This study also measures the impact of different training interventions on program outcomes while controlling for participant characteristics. The findings suggest that adjusting future performance measures for participant characteristics would create more valid performance measures. Further, we find that WIA training interventions do not yield consistent positive labor market outcomes after controlling for participant demographics. Finally, we recommend directions for future research.
Making sense of women as career self‐agents: Implications for human resource development
Authors: Shapiro Mary , Ingols Cynthia , O'Neill Regina , Blake‐Beard Stacy
Published: December 2009

In this article, we explore the shifting career paradigm of managerial women in the United States, what it may indicate for the broader professional workforce, and human resource development's (HRD's) role in supporting that change. We examine the literature on evolving career definitions, women's place in that evolution, the rising use of flexible work arrangements (FWAs), and the evolving work goals of women. Findings from our survey of 389 managerial women indicate that they are using FWAs as support mechanisms to enable them to enact their career goals and stay in the workforce. We invite HRD professionals to interpret women's career choices as a signal that the conventional career model with its attending organizational practices and culture is outdated and no longer meets the needs of today's managerial women and of the U.S. workforce in general. We recommend actions HRD professionals can take to move their organization's culture to one that supports career self‐agency as a way of attracting and retaining critical talent in the 21st century.
A simple semi‐distributed water balance model for the Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Collick Amy S. , Easton Zachary M. , Ashagrie Tegenu , Biruk Biniam , Tilahun Seifu , Adgo Enyew , Awulachew Seleshi B. , Zeleke Gete , Steenhuis Tammo S.
Published: December 2009

The discharge of the Nile River is highly dependent on the flow generated in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, little is known about the local (i.e. small scale) watershed hydrological response, due in part to a lack of long duration, continuous hydrological data. The goal of this paper was to develop a realistic, simple model that is useful as a tool for planning watershed management and conservation activities so that the effects of local interventions on stream flow can be predicted at a larger scale. The developed model is semi‐distributed in that it divides the watershed into different regions that become hydrologically active given different amounts of effective cumulative rainfall after the start of the rainy season. A separate water balance is run for each of the hydrologic regions using rainfall and potential evaporation as the major inputs. Watershed parameters that were calibrated included the amount of water required before each region becomes hydrologically active, the fraction of soil water that becomes runoff and subsurface flow, and aquifer characteristics, Model validation indicated that daily discharge values were predicted reasonably well with Nash Sutcliffe values ranging from 0·56 to 0·78. Despite the large distance between the test watersheds, the input parameter values for the watershed characteristic were remarkably similar for the humid highlands, indicating that the model could be used to predict discharge in un‐gauged basins in the region. As expected, the watershed in the semi‐arid region behaved somewhat differently than the other three watersheds. Good quality precipitation data, even for short durations, were key to the effective modelling of runoff in the highland watersheds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enameloid microstructure of the serrated cutting edges in certain fossil carcharhiniform and lamniform sharks
Authors: Andreev Plamen S.
Published: December 2009

The triple‐layered enameloid organization of neoselachian teeth has proven to be a reliable systematic character of the group. This study uses scanning electron microscopy to investigate the orientation of the parallel enameloid bundles in the area of the serrated cutting edges in certain fossil elasmobranchs. The examined teeth come from two Upper Cretaceous Squalicorax species and the Upper Miocene carcharhiniforms Galeocerdo sp., Carcharhinus sp., and Hemipristis serra. The parallel bundles are revealed by surface etching, which removes the superficial shiny‐layered enameloid. In the teeth of Squalicorax, the bundles around the cutting edge bend once, before they reach the serrations. The studied carcharhiniform species show a more complicated pattern with a change of parallel bundle course inside the serrations. H. serra teeth do not display the first bending of the bundles, whereas it was present in the other two carcharhiniforms. The course of the crystalline bundles in both Squalicorax species is not affected by the presence of the serrations, regardless of the twofold difference in tooth size between them. In the carcharhiniform species, the bended bundles occur within the primary and secondary serrations and are always associated with them. This feature might have functional significance by strengthening the cutting edge or could simply develop as a consequence of the enameloid mineralization around the individual serrae. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technical advances in the sectioning of dental tissue and of on‐section cross‐linked collagen detection in mineralized teeth
Authors: Singhrao Sim K. , Sloan Alastair J. , Smith Emma L. , Archer Charles W.
Published: December 2009

Immunohistochemical detection of cross‐linked fibrillar collagens in mineralized tissues is much desired for exploring the mechanisms of biomineralization in health and disease. Mineralized teeth are impossible to section when embedded in conventional media, thus limiting on‐section characterization of matrix proteins by immunohistochemistry. We hypothesized that by using an especially formulated acrylic resin suitable for mineralized dental tissues, not only sectioning of teeth would be possible, but also our recently developed immunofluorescence labeling technique would be amenable to fully calcified tissues for characterization of dentinal fibrillar collagens, which remains elusive. The hypothesis was tested on fixed rodent teeth embedded in Technovit 9100 New®. It was possible to cut thin (1 μm) sections of mineralized teeth, and immunofluorescence characterization of cross‐linked type I fibrillar collagen was selected due to its abundance in dentine. Decalcified samples of teeth embedded in paraffin wax were also used to compare immunolabeling from either method using the same immunoreagents in equivalent concentrations. In the decalcified tissue sections, type I collagen labeling in the dentine along the tubules was “patchy” and the signal in the predentine was very weak. However, enhanced signal in mineralized samples with type I collagen was detected not only in the predentine but also at the limit between intertubular dentine, within the elements of the enamel organ and subgingival stroma. This report offers advances in sectioning mineralized dental tissues and allows the application of immunofluorescence not only for on‐section protein detection but importantly for detecting cross‐linked fibrous collagens in both soft and mineralized tissue sections. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:741–745, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemistry and antioxidant activity of essential oil and oleoresins of black caraway (Carum bulbocastanum) fruits: Part 69
Authors: Kapoor Inder Pal Singh , Singh Bandana , Singh Gurdip , De Heluani Carola S , De Lampasona Marina P. , Catalan Cesar A N
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: The present study describes the chemical analysis of the essential oil and oleoresins from caraway, which have been studied by using GC–MS. The paper also explains the importance of the extracted oil and oleoresins in the antioxidant activities of target plant species.

RESULTS: GC–MS analysis of caraway essential oil showed 51 compounds representing about 96.6% of the total weight. The major components were dillapiole (44.6%), germacrene‐β (14.1%), nothoapiole (8.3%), and β‐selinene (6.8%), along with many other components in minor amounts. Major components in ethyl acetate and iso‐octane oleoresins are dillapiole, nothoapiole and germacrene‐β, whereas in ethanol oleoresin contains dillapiole (25%), sitosterol (21.3%) stigmasterol (9.5%) and nothoapiole (8.1%). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by various antioxidant assays such as peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and p‐anisidine values. These experiments were further supported by other complementary antioxidant assays such as ferric thiocyanate method in linoleic acid system, reducing power, and scavenging effects on 1,1′‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Both the caraway volatile oil and its oleoresins showed strong antioxidant activity in comparison with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

CONCLUSION: This study provides additional information about the chemistry and antioxidant activity of caraway. Hence, caraway may be used as natural food preservatives. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of acetic acid deamidation‐induced modification on functional and nutritional properties and conformation of wheat gluten
Authors: Liao Lan , Zhao Mouming , Ren Jiaoyan , Zhao Haifeng , Cui Chun , Hu Xiao
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: Acids are often used for deamidating proteins, but the literature on acetic acid deamidation of proteins is sparse. Previous research on acetic acid‐induced modification of proteins has focused on peptide proteolysis by relatively high concentrations of acetic acid (>1.5 mol L−1) rather than on the accompanying effect of deamidation. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the deamidation effect of acetic acid with as little peptide proteolysis as possible by employing low‐concentration acetic acid (<0.05 mol L−1) to deamidate wheat gluten. Changes in surface hydrophobicity, conformation, functional properties and nutritional characteristics of acetic acid‐modified samples were determined and compared with those of hydrochloric acid (HCl)‐modified samples.

RESULTS: At similar degree of deamidation and nitrogen solubility index, samples deamidated with acetic acid showed less destruction of peptides bandings, better foaming properties and a more decompacted form (lower SS content in protein as determined by Raman spectroscopy) than those deamidated with HCl and also exhibited improved emulsification capacity and emulsion stability compared with native wheat gluten. Acetic acid deamidation led to fewer changes in peptide molecular size and secondary structure of wheat gluten compared with HCl deamidation according to the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy respectively. Amino acid analysis revealed that the nutritional characteristics of wheat gluten were well maintained after deamidation with acetic acid.

CONCLUSION: The results show that low‐concentration acetic acid can modify wheat gluten mainly by deamidation, resulting in deamidated wheat gluten with good functional and nutritional properties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Composition, nutritional aspects and effect on serum parameters of marine algae Ulva rigida
Authors: Taboada Cristina , Millán Rosendo , Míguez Isabel
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: Algae are commonly consumed in Asia and have also gained popularity in Europe. However, data on the bioavailability of their components are limited. The present study was designed to determine the composition of Ulva rigida and the effects of inclusion of 10% of the algae in a standard diet for 4 weeks on nutritive value and serum parameters in order to consider the usefulness of Ulva as a dietary supplement.

RESULTS: Ulva rigida is rich in protein, carbohydrates, fibre, vitamins and minerals and has a low lipid content. Analysis of the amino acid composition revealed good‐quality protein. The algae were well accepted by experimental animals and did not significantly change nutritional parameters but reduced LDL cholesterol.

CONCLUSIONS: Ulva rigida is an excellent source of nutrients and could improve a balanced diet. Further studies are required to research the potential of the seaweed as a natural source of bioactive compounds. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of tropical plants containing tannin on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation parameters using rumen fluid
Authors: Hariadi Bambang Tjahyono , Santoso Budi
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: Methane (CH4) produced during ruminal fermentation represents a loss of 10–11% of gross energy intake. The use of browse species containing tannin as feed supplement for ruminants tends to increase in order to reduce CH4 production. The present study was conducted to evaluate some tropical plants containing tannin as feed supplement (200 g kg−1) on in vitro CH4 production and fermentation parameters.

RESULTS: The crude protein (CP) content ranged from 87 to 390 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) and was highest in Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poiret. The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) concentration was highest in Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (725 g kg−1 DM) and lowest in S. grandiflora (330 g kg−1 DM). The ranking order of plants based on their total tannin content was Acacia mangium Willd. > Biophytum petersianum Klotzch > Jatropa curcas Linnaeus > Psidium guajava Linnaeus > Phaleria papuana > Persea americana Mill. > S. grandiflora. Methane gas production after 48 h of incubation was significantly (P < 0.05) lower with inclusion of A. mangium (PP + AM), B. petersianum (PP + BP), J. curcas (PP + JC) or P. guajava (PP + PG) as compared to control feed (PP). There was negative correlation between total tannin content and CH4 production at 48 h of incubation (r = − 0.76). Concentration NH3‐N was significantly (P < 0.01) higher with inclusion of S. glandiflora. Inclusion of P. guajava significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed protozoa population by 49.7% relative to control feed (PP).

CONCLUSION: It was concluded that A. mangium, B. petersianum, J. curcas and P. guajava have potential to be used as a feed supplement to reduce CH4 production in ruminants. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of organ, season and drying method on chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Juniperus phoenicea L. essential oils
Authors: Ennajar Monia , Bouajila Jalloul , Lebrihi Ahmed , Mathieu Florence , Savagnac Arlette , Abderraba Manef , Raies Aly , Romdhane Mehrez
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND: Juniperus phoenicea is an important medicinal plant. In the present study, essential oils (18 samples) from leaves and berries of Juniperus phoenicea L. (Cupressaceae), obtained by various drying methods and in different collection months, were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and also evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Correlations were studied between antimicrobial activity and the chemical composition of essential oils.

RESULTS: Sixty‐seven compounds were identified in essential oils, representing 97.7–100%. Essential oils were dominated by monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which presented 35.0–93.3% and 6.7–62.0%, respectively, depending of organ, season and drying method. Antimicrobial tests showed that essential oils strongly inhibited the growth of Gram‐positive microorganisms and Mucor ramamnianus, but was inactive against Gram‐negative strains. Antioxidant activity was tested using the ABTS radical‐scavenging assay. Most samples showed good activity (the best IC50 = 41.7 ± 1.5 mg L−1).

CONCLUSIONS: It could be concluded that drying of leaves of J. phoenicea in the sun and berries in oven‐drying was more suitable and was recommended for obtaining higher essential oil yield, but for a higher percentage of some special components such as α‐pinene and δ‐3‐carene shade‐drying was more suitable. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Antiangiogenic agents and late anastomotic complications
Authors: Deshaies Isabelle , Malka David , Soria Jean‐Charles , Massard Christophe , Bahleda Rastio , Elias Dominique
Published: December 2009

Anticancer agents targeting circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (e.g., bevacizumab and aflibercept) are strong angiogenesis inhibitors. As such, they may hamper the healing process, notably in the early postoperative period. Whether antiangiogenic agents may be associated with late postoperative healing complications is less known. We reviewed three cases of patients with anastomotic complications under antiangiogenic treatment occurring more than 1 year after initial surgery and we conducted a review of the literature. We report the first case of delayed anastomotic leakage which occurred under aflibercept therapy 13 months after a bilioenteric anastomosis and two cases of delayed rectal anastomotic complications associated with bevacizumab treatment 18 and 78 months after surgery. Fifteen similar cases of late gastrointestinal anastomotic complications were found in the English literature. Antiangiogenic agents are probably not deleterious to a healed wound. However, they appear to be associated with an increased risk of complications in a subgroup of patients. According to the 18 cases reported, the main risk factors appear to be low anterior resection for rectal cancer, perioperative radiotherapy, and early postoperative leak which heals through the formation of abundant and hypervascularized granulation tissue. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;101:180–183. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma have better prognosis compared to perihilar cholangiocarcinoma?
Authors: Guglielmi Alfredo , Ruzzenente Andrea , Campagnaro Tommaso , Pachera Silvia , Valdegamberi Alessandro , Capelli Paola , Pedica Federica , Nicoli Paola , Conci Simone , Iacono Calogero
Published: December 2009

Background and Objectives

Cholangiocarcinoma can be classified as intrahepatic (ICC) or perihilar (PCC). The objectives of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of patients with PCC and ICC, identify the main prognostic factors related to survival and compare the outcome and the prognostic factors of PCC and ICC.

Methods

Ninety‐five out of 152 patients observed between January 1990 and December 2007 at Surgical Division of University of Verona Medical School underwent the resection of ICC (33 patients) or PCC (62 patients).

Results

Overall median survival was 24 months with a 3‐ and 5‐year survival rate of 45% and 23%, respectively. Prognostic factors for survival were macroscopic types of the tumor, the resection of extrahepatic bile duct, radical resection, lymph node metastases, and macro‐vascular invasion. Survival was related with the macroscopic type of the tumors with a 5‐year survival rate of 26% and 13% for ICC and PCC, respectively. Univariate analysis identified that negative clinico‐pathological factors where significant more frequently found in PCC compared to ICC.

Conclusion

We identified that ICC have longer survival rate compared to PCC. PCC showed a higher frequency of negative clinico‐pathological factors such as non‐radical (R+) resection, perineural infiltration and macro‐vascular invasion. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;101:111–115. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ZnO‐Based UV Nanocomposites for Wood Coatings in Outdoor Applications
Authors: Weichelt Franziska , Emmler Rico , Flyunt Roman , Beyer Evelin , Buchmeiser Michael R. , Beyer Mario
Published: December 2009

Nanocomposite UV coatings with adjustable properties for use on wood substrates in outdoor conditions were developed. Nanoscale ZnO was shown to be an efficient light absorber. Coatings were characterized in terms of elongation at brake, residual PI and double bond conversion, universal hardness, transparency, hydrophobicity, and yellowing. Coated samples were artificially weathered and studied with regard to their optical and mechanical properties, as well as to changes in brightness, transparency, hydrophobicity, and water permeability. The prepared wood coatings showed an increased weather fastness and improved optical properties. The suitability for use in outdoor conditions was assured by optimizing the elasticity of the coating and decreasing its water permeability.

magnified image
Absorption Properties of Microgel‐PVP Composite Nanofibers Made by Electrospinning
Authors: Díaz Juan Esteban , Barrero Antonio , Márquez Manuel , Fernández‐Nieves Alberto , Loscertales Ignacio G.
Published: December 2009

The absorption and desorption of water, as well as the retention of certain molecules within a polymeric network, have special interest in a wide range of applications, including drug delivery, biosensing, chemical separation, catalysis, and optics. In this communication, we report the encapsulation by electrospinning of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐based monodisperse microgels within microfibers of crosslinked poly(vinylpyrrolidone), which is a hydrogel itself, up to concentrations of 40 wt.‐% of the microgels. We present an optical characterization of these composite microfibers and quantify their absorbance, which can be as large as 17 times their de‐swollen weight. Interestingly, this absorbance can be tuned by controlling the values of the temperature and the pH of the medium.

magnified image
Polymer Vesicles with a Red Cell‐like Surface Charge: Microvascular Imaging and in vivo Tracking with Near‐Infrared Fluorescence
Authors: Christian David A. , Garbuzenko Olga B. , Minko Tamara , Discher Dennis E.
Published: December 2009

Polymersomes are block copolymer‐based vesicles whose long circulation times or “stealth” in vivo coupled with the loading and controlled release of drugs, siRNA, and other compounds has made them attractive for delivery. A brushy corona of non‐ionic polyethylene glycol (PEG) likely contributes stealth, but red blood cells (RBCs) possess a negatively charged glycocalyx and circulate much longer. Polyanionic block copolymers were therefore mixed into polymersomes which were also labeled with a near IR fluorophore to quantify biodistribution in live mice and excised organs. Charge shifts tissue distribution, and high resolution imaging of vesicles in blood capillaries further shows that organ cultures can provide deeper insight into microscale transport within tissue microenvironments.

magnified image
Compartmentalization of Gold Nanocrystals in Polymer Microparticles using Electrohydrodynamic Co‐Jetting
Authors: Lim Dong Woo , Hwang Sangyeul , Uzun Oktay , Stellacci Francesco , Lahann Joerg
Published: December 2009

Polymer particles with micro‐ and nanoscale anisotropy have received increasing interest for their ability to simultaneously present different physical‐ and chemical properties. In this communication, we demonstrate that gold nanocrystals (NCs) can be selectively incorporated into one compartment of anisotropic polymer particles. Stable bicompartmental particles were prepared via electrohydrodynamic co‐jetting of aqueous nanoparticle suspensions followed by thermal cross‐linking. Bicompartmental particle populations with different NC densities were obtained by varying the NC concentration in the jetting suspension. While NC‐loaded polymer particles showed different optical properties depending on the NC density, they still maintained discrete interfaces between two compartments. Moreover, the fraction of the bicompartmental particles was higher than 98% based on flow cytometry. This study delineates a new approach for preparation of inorganic/organic composite particles with precisely engineered, anisotropic nanoparticle distributions and may contribute to further developments in emerging scientific areas, such as smart materials or particle‐based diagnostics.

magnified image
Reduced Graphene Oxide/Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Supramolecular Composites
Authors: Chunder Anindarupa , Liu Jianhua , Zhai Lei
Published: December 2009

Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) supramolecular structures are fabricated on P3HT‐dispersed reduced graphene oxide (RGO) monolayers and surfactant‐free RGO monolayers. P3HT is able to disperse RGO in hot anisole/N,N‐dimethylformamide solvents, and forms nanowires on RGO surfaces through a RGO induced crystallization process. The TEM and AFM investigation of the resultant P3HT/RGO composites shows that P3HT nanowires grow from RGO, and connect individual RGO monolayers. Raman spectroscopy confirms the interaction between P3HT and RGO, which allows the manipulation of the RGO electrical properties. Such a bottom‐up approach provides interesting graphene‐based composites for nanometer‐scale electronics.

magnified image
Liquid Crystalline Period Variations in Self‐Assembled Block Copolypeptides–Surfactant Ionic Complexes
Authors: Li Chaoxu , Li Jingguo , Zhang Xiuqiang , Zhang Afang , Mezzenga Raffaele
Published: December 2009

We investigate the complexation of ampholytic poly(N‐isopropylacylamide)‐block‐poly‐ (L‐glutamic acid)‐block‐poly(L‐lysine) (PNiPAM‐b‐PLG‐b‐PLLys) triblock copolymers and PNiPAM‐block‐(PLG‐co‐PLLys) diblock copolymers with counter charged anionic and cationic surfactants. Both triblock and diblock copolymers are able to selectively form complexes through either L‐glutamic acid–cationic surfactant or L‐lysine–anionic surfactant ionic pairs, depending on the protonated or deprotonated states of the ampholytic peptide units. The complexes show ordering at multiple length scales: i) the block copolymer length scale (101 nm), ii) the liquid crystalline length scale (100 nm), and, iii) the peptidic secondary structures length scale (100 nm). We show that the liquid crystalline period can be tuned by varying the random/block copolypeptide architectures and the composition of the ampholytic amino acid species.

magnified image
Bis(germyl)ketones: Toward a New Class of Type I Photoinitiating Systems Sensitive Above 500 nm?
Authors: Tehfe Mahamad‐Ali , Blanchard Nicolas , Fries Cedric , Lalevée Jacques , Allonas Xavier , Fouassier Jean Pierre
Published: December 2009

The ability of a bis(germyl)ketone Ph3GeCOGePh3 to act as a photoinitiator of free radical polymerization under visible light is investigated. The results suggest that this compound could be the starting point of a new high performance class of photoinitiators. The excited state processes, as well as the generation and the reactivity of the germyl radicals, are studied by laser flash photolysis, ESR spin trapping experiments, and molecular orbital calculations; they are compared to the results obtained on a mono‐ (germyl)ketone CH3COGePh3. Time dependent density functional theory calculations allow discussion of the strongly red‐shifted ground state absorption of Ph3GeCOGePh3.

magnified image