Analysis of modern theoretical and technlogcal methods and equipment and prospects for the development of loading of blast furnaces
Authors: A Selegei , V Ivashchenko , O Bezshkurenko 
Published: March 2024

The current state of analytical support of blast furnace technology is considered. The main methods developed by leading research and design organizations in metallurgy, which are used for effective management of blast furnace smelting, are analyzed. It is shown that the loading technology of the blast furnace is of crucial importance for the efficiency of iron production. Monitoring equipment for modern blast furnaces allows you to obtain a wide range of information that can be used for prompt and effective correction of blast furnace smelting. The use of the specified information provides ample opportunities to ensure the most rational technical and economic indicators of the iron smelting process. In this regard, considerable attention was paid to the features of equipment and technology for loading batch materials into the furnace. The main operating characteristics for the equipment of blast furnaces, which ensure the loading of charge materials in the angle of ensuring the rational circumferential and radial distribution of the charge on the blast furnace, are considered. This, in turn, makes it possible to adhere to the specified loading program and ore loads. A description of how to load using a coneless tray-type loading device is provided. The process of movement of the flow of charge materials along the paths of the coneless loading device is analyzed. Sections of the guide shafts, section of the movement of the charge in the blast furnace space are considered separately. Disadvantages and advantages of the existing methods of calculating the dynamic parameters of charge materials at the relevant sites are revealed. The description of the sequence of operation of the equipment, which ensures the charging of the blast furnace charge, and recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the algorithms of the aggregates are given. The methods for determining the geometric and dynamic parameters of the movement of charge materials in the case of their release from the storage hoppers of the loading device of the blast furnace are considered separately. Analytical dependences are given for determining the flow of charge materials from the outlet and the charge leakage rate. The process of formation of a charge column in a blast furnace is considered. Among the main factors affecting the formation of the necessary ore load along the radius of the blast furnace, the loading program and the granulometric composition of the charge materials supplied to the blast furnace are highlighted. It is also shown that the most effective loading of the blast furnace with charge materials is considered to be the following method, when used, the optimal value of the ore load is ensured while ensuring the necessary gas permeability of the column of charge materials. In thisway, the main directions of effective improvement of the blast furnace smelting technology to ensure the best technical and economic indicators and a significant reduction in the specific consumption of raw materials have been determined.