bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Élelmiszer-veszteségek keletkezésének okai, azok kezelése és megítélése a feldolgozóipari vállalatok körében
Authors: Dudás Gyula , Darvasné Ördög Edit , Dudás Gyula , Kőröshegyi Domonkos , Kulmány István , Kürthy Gyöngyi , Radóczné Kocsis Teréz , Székelyhidi Katalin , Takács Eszter , Vajda Ágnes
Published: November 2022

Az élelmiszerek feldolgozási fázisa során sokféle hulladék, melléktermék keletkezik, melyek jó része értékes biológiai anyag, hasznosításuk ezért számos előnnyel járhat környezetvédelmi, fenntarthatósági, gazdasági értelemben. Ennek ellenére jelenleg kevés figyelem irányul erre a területre, a szabályozás sokszor nem segíti a megfelelő hasznosítást. A kutatás során 2018-ban több mint 4000 magyarországi élelmiszeripari cégnek kiküldött kérdőívre 175 értékelhető válasz érkezett, ami kiegészült kvalitatív kutatással is, amelynek keretében mélyinterjúkat készítettünk. Az eredmények szerint a válaszadók többsége nem tartja jelentős problémának a keletkező veszteségek jelenlétét, mert azt a technológiai folyamat természetes részének tekinti. Ugyanakkor azok a cégek, ahol a keletkező veszteségek kezelése erősen szabályozott és meglehetősen költséges, súlyosabb problémának vélték a veszteségek keletkezését. A megkérdezett cégek egyértelműen anyagi kérdésként kezelik az élelmiszer-veszteségek keletkezését: ezért igyekeznek jobb kihozatali mutatókat elérni, az elkerülhetetlen veszteségeket minél jobban hasznosítani, vagy legalább minél olcsóbban elszállíttatni. A válaszadók háromnegyede nem érzékelt eddig semmiféle külső elvárást (a társadalom, a fogyasztói, a hatóság stb.) részéről. Az élelmiszer-feldolgozók számos akadályozó tényezővel szembesülnek, amennyiben jó hasznosítási lehetőséget keresnének keletkező élelmiszer-hulladékaiknak: ezek többsége szabályozási kérdés, de emellett jelentős kihívást jelent az is, hogy a melléktermékeknek nem alakult ki valós piaca, nincs megfelelő láncszerű együttműködés az érdekeltek között és jelenleg nincs elég ösztönző erő a veszteségek csökkentésére. Az élelmiszer-hulladékok csökkentésében, illetve jobb hasznosításában ennek megfelelően csak akkor lehetne áttörést elérni, ha az élelmiszer-veszteségekkel kapcsolatos szabályozásban alapvető szemléletváltozás történne: olyan ösztönzők kellenének, hogy a cégeknek megérje a termelődő hulladékok elkerülése, a veszteségek minél jobb hasznosítása.
Assessment of the Factors Influencing Female Teachers’ Employment in Private Schools in Morogoro Municipality
Authors: Mushi Agripina , Lema Vincent
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess factors influencing female teachers’ employment in private schools in Morogoro Municipality. The mixed research approach and cross-sectional research design were used. The sample size of this study includes 56 respondents that involve 50 female teachers and 6 heads of schools. This study used simple random sampling technique in the selection of female teachers and purposive sampling technique in the selection of heads of schools. Primary data were collected through questionnaire and interview methods, while secondary data were collected through documentary reviews. Findings of the study revealed that, the roles of female teachers in private schools are reducing girls dropout, helping students to combat their challenges, advising students, mentoring students life skills, share with students opportunities, sharing knowledge and acting as an external parent. The study recommend that, Government should ensure that, gender role stereotypes should also be abolished and urgent steps should be needed to remove the social, cultural, political, economic and legal barriers that marginalized and discrepancies of female teachers.
Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bahous E. , Ayad A. , Abilkassem R. , Ourrai A. , Hassani A. , Agadr A.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome linked to temporal with SARS-Cov2 is a new hyper inflammatory disorder that affects children with Covid-19 infection. It usually occurs 2 to 6 weeks following illness or exposure.

Materials and Methods: Descriptive retrospective study of a cohort of 11 patients with MIS-C treated in the pediatric department of the Mohamed V military hospital in Rabat between December 2020 and September 2021. We analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, biological, imaging, therapeutical and evolutionary data of our patients.

Results: The average age is 9 years; the sex ratio is 1,2. The average exposure gap is 3.7 weeks. All patients presented with fever with multivisceral involvement, 81% presented digestive signs, 100% mucocutaneous signs, 63% cardiac signs and 54% neurological signs. Inflammatory markers were consistently high. Anemia (91%), neutrophilic leukocytosis (91%), lymphopenia (73%) are constant. The Covid-19 RT-PCR was negative and the SARSCov2 IgG serology testing was positive in all our patients. 54% of our cases have echocardiographic signs. Treatment was based on polyvalent intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in all cases associated with corticosteroid therapy in 45% of cases and antiplatelet therapy in 91% of cases. The outcome was favorable in all of our patients.

Conclusion: MIS-C should be considered in children with fever, rash, headache, tachypnea, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Cardiogenic shock is the main complication. IVIG and systemic corticosteroid therapy are the fundament of treatment.
Ecotourism Development in Sampangan Muncar Beach Banyuwangi
Authors: Mulyasuryani Ani , Waluyo Eko , Prananto Yuniar Ponco , Indrayani Erlinda
Published: November 2022

Aims: This study aims to provide counseling on waste management and preservation of the coastal environment to support the development of ecotourism around Sampangan Beach as well as education using the pyrolysis method in waste management.

Study Design: To address the trash and ecotourism issues at Sampangan Beach, a pyrolysis device and a 3D model of the ecotourism beach were created.

Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted at Sampangan Beach which is located in Sampangan Village, Muncar District, Banyuwangi Regency in June 2022 until July 2022.

Methodology: This study uses a qualitative approach by taking data through surveys to obtain facts from existing symptoms. Field observations and surveys of locals and visitors were conducted in preparation to ascertain the field circumstances at Sampangan Beach before constructing ecotourism beach tools and designs. Additionally, observations are done to learn about the issues, difficulties, and opportunities existing at the site. In addition, researchers read up on pyrolysis machinery and beach design in the literature. Waste management is carried out using the pyrolysis method. The population of this study is the apparatus of villages, environmental management, and communities living directly adjacent to coastal areas.

Results: Based on the analysis using a qualitative approach and waste management using the pyrolysis method, the results of the process of burning plastic waste using a pyrolysis tool are influenced by the type of plastic and the temperature of the reactor combustion. Pyrolysis combustion using 3 kg of LPG gas can be used in 3-4 waste-burning cycles, so this method is very good for reducing plastic waste, especially in the coastal area of Muncar Banyuwangi. As well as coastal communities with livelihoods as fishermen can reduce the cost of purchasing diesel by replacing fuel pyrolysis fuel when to catch fish. This 3D model concept that has been compiled follows the style of arranging places such as the beaches in Banyuwangi to increase tourist attraction and increase public comfort when traveling on Sampangan Beach.
Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate in SARS-CoV-2 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Authors: Amarasekara Don Dinesh Nanditha , Ratnayake Isiwara A. , Wewalwela Jayani J. , Gamage W. U. N.
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has rapidly spread across the world causing a global health crisis. Due to the paucity of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need for the identification of safe and effective treatments for this global pandemic. Thus, existing anti-viral and immunosuppressive drugs, are being evaluated as potential candidates and also an extensive amount of research is being conducted to develop novel therapeutic agents against COVID-19. Since ancient times natural products have been used as a treatment for a variety of diseases and to aid in the synthetic drug development process. The phytochemical constituents of Pomegranate have been extensively investigated in the past decade for their anti-tumor activity. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on how the major phytochemicals of pomegranate such as delphinidin, cyanidin, ellagitannin, and punicalagin could be utilized as pharmacological agents to suppress SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, replication, and immunological sequences that give rise to ARDS, based on current knowledge of interactome between host cells and SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 uses various biological mechanisms to modulate immune reactions, uncontrolled gene expression, and cell invasion to improve their survival inside the human host cells similar to those observed in certain tumors. Existing evidence suggests that certain tumors and SARS-CoV-2 use similar biological pathways for human cell invasion. Therefore, this review utilizes the findings of existing tumor-related research which describe how pomegranate extract interacts with various biological pathways associated with tumor suppression as indirect evidence for its ability to act as a potential therapeutic agent against SARS-CoV-2.
Effect of Extraction Method from Brown Seaweeds Padina sp. on Quality of Alginate for Edible Film Application: A Review
Authors: Waluyo Eko
Published: November 2022

Aims: This review aims to study the effect of the extraction method on the quality of the alginate extracted from Padina sp. and study its application for edible films.

Study Design: This research was conducted using a systematic literature review method.

Place and Duration of Study: Library sources are research articles that are available online and can be accessed through websites or search engines by entering keywords that are relevant to the topics.

Results: The results obtained are various information about the alginate of Padina sp seaweed extracted from several methods such as the acid pathway method, the potassium method without the addition of potassium hydroxide and the calcium method with the addition of potassium hydroxide, and the application of alginate for edible films. It is recommended that further research be carried out to obtain alginate results with more diverse extraction methods.
Phenolic Compounds from the Immature Fruits of Solanum nigrum L.
Authors: Wang Yihai , Xu Jingwen , He Xiangjiu
Published: November 2022

Solanum nigrum L. has been traditionally used as traditional Chinese medicine and food all over the world. Phytochemical investigations of the immature fruits of S. nigrum have been carried out and five coumarins (1-5) and five phenolic compounds (6-11) were obtained. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods, including IR, MS, 1H and 13C-NMR. They were identifies as 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (1), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (2), 6,8-dimethoxycoumarin (3), 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (4), umbelliferone (5), vanillin (6), vanillic acid (7), syringic aldehyde (8), isovanillic acid (9), ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (10), and ethyl 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate (11).
Cursinho Popular Carolina Maria de Jesus
Authors: Paes Niero Leonardo , Pereira da Silva André , Nogueira Leroux João Pedro
Published: November 2022

Este relato de experiência aborda a trajetória do Cursinho Popular Carolina Maria de Jesus, um projeto de extensão da Universidade Federal de São Carlos campus Lagoa do Sino, no interior do estado de São Paulo desde o ano de 2016. Dentre as principais reflexões destacam-se: as relações sobre o território de atuação e sua ligação com a construção da educação popular dentro de um espaço pedagógico, o desafio em manter as atividades educativas durante a pandemia de Covid-19, as alternativas desenvolvidas e a relação da construção política da educação e sua importância na construção da extensão universitária. Esta experiência indica a potencialidade da construção de uma Universidade voltada aos interesses populares a partir da construção de uma prática educativa voltada à crítica social e ao engajamento na luta pela democratização do acesso ao ensino superior.
Educação Feminista em Direitos Humanos
Authors: Duarte da Silva Ribeiro Raisa , Linda Gomes de Oliveira Ariel , Dos Santos Machado da Silva Nathália
Published: November 2022

Trata-se de relato de experiência de extensão dos projetos "Feminismo Literário" e “Feminismo Interamericano” (UNIRIO) que visam a educação feminista em direitos humanos. O "Feminismo Literário" surge com o objetivo de indicar e refletir obras feministas, utilizando as redes sociais como ferramenta de disseminação do conhecimento. O "Feminismo Interamericano", por sua vez, tem por objetivo realizar litigância estratégica em direitos humanos junto ao Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos (SIDH), em especial com a elaboração de memoriais nos casos consultivos e contenciosos levados à Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (Corte IDH) sobre a temática de gênero.
Iniciativa extensionista em tempos pandemônicos à natureza
Authors: Martins Fonseca Virginia , Faria Scalco Raquel , De Macedo Araujo Diego
Published: November 2022

Objetivamos fomentar um diálogo com servidores e terceirizados de unidades de conservação (UC) de Minas Gerais acerca das parcerias que podem ser estabelecidas entre instituições públicas e privadas, com e sem fins lucrativos. Atualmente, a concessão de serviços e áreas em UCs para viabilizar atividades de apoio à visitação tem sido implementada com prioridade. No entanto, além desta, estão a(s): permissão, autorização, co-gestão e parcerias com organizações da sociedade civil como possibilidades para formalizar iniciativas socioeconômicas alternativas, com maior envolvimento e possibilidade de benefícios para as comunidades do território. O tema, incipiente e necessário, repercutiu positivamente diante da inscrição de mais de 70 interessados. Este curso, online, gratuito e com duração de 80 horas, adotou como metodologia os pressupostos de um grupo de estudos. Como resultados, contamos com a participação efetiva de 12 participantes de diversas áreas de conhecimento, o que favoreceu um debate interdisciplinar e de expressiva representatividade regional.
A extensão como educação
Authors: Souza Clóvis Henrique Leite de , Soares Mendes Carolina
Published: November 2022

Este trabalho objetiva investigar em que medida o diálogo sobre políticas públicas se materializa como um meio para a extensão cumprir seu papel e sua função social como educação, a partir da experiência da ação de extensão “Bancada da Sala: ouvindo a política de perto”, desenvolvida como podcast por estudantes do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás - IFG - Campus Formosa. Para tanto, foram realizados questionário exploratório e grupo focal com os estudantes que promoveram o podcast. Pretendeu-se não só evidenciar a relevância dessa ação de extensão, mas especialmente aliá-la a uma reflexão sobre o próprio lugar da atividade extensionista como meio gerador de diálogos sobre políticas públicas, em especial, considerando a realidade local da política municipal a partir da qual foi empreendida.
Exercício Profissional e Serviço Social
Authors: Baptosta Dias Moreira Celeste Anunciata , Gomes da Costa Renata , Da Silva de Oliveira Marta Claudia , Morais Rebeca
Published: November 2022

A universidade pública apresenta novos desafios na relação entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. A política de extensão universitária exige a inclusão de novos temas para investigação e intervenção, a pactuação de novas possibilidades de acesso e a participação da comunidade acadêmica nas ações desta natureza. O projeto de extensão apresentado é uma estratégia que visa contribuir para qualificar profissionais em matéria de Serviço Social na perspectiva crítica, por meio da ampliação de conhecimento sobre temas relativos ao exercício profissional, à supervisão de estágio e, com isso, expandir espaços de educação continuada de profissionais– ação prevista no Código de Ética da profissão. O fortalecimento do Serviço Social na contemporaneidade exige investimento permanente em ações que favoreçam a valorização do projeto profissional coletivamente criado, com base nas referências normativas defendidas pela categoria e articulada à defesa dos direitos sociais.
COVID-19 and Excess All-Cause Mortality in the US and 20 Comparison Countries, June 2021-March 2022
Authors: Bilinski Alyssa , Thompson Kathryn , Emanuel Ezekiel
Published: November 2022

This study compares the COVID-19 per capita overall and excess mortality rates in the US vs rates for 20 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and the timing of any increases in excess mortality between June 2021 and December 2021 (Delta) and December 2021 to March 2022 (Omicron).
Reforming Reimbursement for the US Food and Drug Administration’s Accelerated Approval Program to Support State Medicaid Programs
Authors: Sachs Rachel E. , Donohue Julie M. , Dusetzina Stacie B.
Published: November 2022

Importance

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has an accelerated approval program that has become the subject of scholarly attention and criticism, not only for the FDA’s oversight of the program but also for its implications for payers.

Observations

State Medicaid programs’ legal obligations to provide reimbursement for accelerated approval products have created fiscal challenges for Medicaid that have been exacerbated by industry’s changing use of the accelerated approval program over time. Although strategies for accelerated approval reforms have been proposed, most focus on reforming the FDA’s accelerated approval pathway and product regulation without taking into account the implications of this pathway for state Medicaid programs. There is a need for policy reforms that balance the goal of speeding approval of important medicines with states’ real concerns regarding spending on medications with little evidence of clinical benefits. Areas of potential reform include formulary exclusion, Medicaid rebates, value-based pricing, and consolidated purchasing or carve outs.

Conclusions and Relevance

Policy makers may wish to consider options for reforming reimbursement for accelerated approval products in addition to reforms to the FDA’s operation of the pathway. Policy reform proposals can provide a range of options to evaluate trade-offs of access and pricing.
Evaluation of Industry Payments to US Advanced Practice Clinicians in 2021
Authors: Singh Armaan , Hyman Max J. , Modi Parth K.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Advanced practice clinicians (APCs) are a growing part of the US health care system, and their financial relationships with pharmaceutical and medical device companies have not been well studied.

Objectives

To examine the value, frequency, and types of payments made to APCs and the association of state scope-of-practice laws with these payments.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used 2021 Open Payments Program data to analyze payments from pharmaceutical or medical device companies to physicians or APCs between January 1 and December 31, 2021. Doctors of medicine and osteopathy were categorized as physicians, and nurse practitioners, physician assistants, clinical nurse specialists, certified registered nurse anesthetists, certified nurse midwives, and anesthesiologist assistants as APCs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The total value and total number of payments were calculated in aggregate and per clinician for each type of APC, all APCs, and physicians. These calculations were repeated by submitting manufacturer, form of payment, nature of payment, and state scope-of-practice law for nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and physicians.

Results

A total of 412 000 physicians and 232 000 APCs collectively received $1.99 billion in payments from industry in 2021, of which APCs received $121 million (6.1%). The median total value of payments per clinician for physicians was $167 (IQR, $45-$712) and for APCs was $117 (IQR, $33-$357). The median total number of payments per clinician was equal for physicians and APCs (n = 4). The most common payments to APCs included food and beverage ($69 million [57.6%]), compensation for services other than consulting ($32 million [26.4%]), and consulting fees ($8 million [6.6%]). Advanced practice clinicians in states with the most restrictive scope-of-practice laws received 15.9% lower total value of payments than those in the least restrictive states (P = .002). Physician assistants received 7.6% (P = .005) higher value and 18.1% (P < .001) greater number of payments than nurse practitioners.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, 232 000 APCs collectively received $121 million in industry payments in 2021. The frequency of industry interactions with APCs was similar to that for physicians, but the average value was lower. The greater value of payments to APCs who practice in states with the least restrictive scope-of-practice laws suggests that industry payments may be related to clinician autonomy.
Early‐onset Alzheimer's disease shows a distinct neuropsychological profile and more aggressive trajectories of cognitive decline than late‐onset
Authors: Tort‐Merino Adrià , Falgàs Neus , Allen Isabel E. , Balasa Mircea , Olives Jaume , Contador José , Castellví Magdalena , Juncà‐Parella Jordi , Guillén Núria , Borrego‐Écija Sergi , Bosch Bea , Fernández‐Villullas Guadalupe , Ramos‐Campoy Oscar , Antonell Anna , Rami Lorena , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel , Lladó Albert
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Early‐ and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD and LOAD) share the same neuropathological traits but show distinct cognitive features. We aimed to explore baseline and longitudinal outcomes of global and domain‐specific cognitive function in a well characterized cohort of patients with a biomarker‐based diagnosis.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, 195 participants were included and classified according to their age, clinical status, and CSF AD biomarker profile: 89 EOAD, 37 LOAD, 46 young healthy controls (age ≤ 65 years), and 23 old healthy controls (>65 years). All subjects underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessment, neuroimaging, APOE genotyping and lumbar puncture.

Results

We found distinct neuropsychological profiles between EOAD and LOAD at the time of diagnosis. Both groups showed similar performances on memory and language domains, but the EOAD patients displayed worsened deficits in visual perception, praxis, and executive tasks (p < 0.05). Longitudinally, cognitive decline in EOAD was more pronounced than LOAD in the global outcomes at the expense of these non‐amnestic domains. We found that years of education significantly influenced the decline in most of the neuropsychological tests. Besides, the APOE ε4 status showed a significant effect on the decline of memory‐related tasks within the EOAD cohort (p < 0.05).

Interpretation

Age of onset is a main factor shaping the cognitive trajectories in AD patients, with younger age driving to a steeper decline of the non‐memory domains. Years of education are related to a transversal decline in all cognitive domains and APOE ε4 status to a specific decline in memory performance in EOAD.
Improved feature least mean square algorithm
Authors: Yazdanpanah Hamed
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we propose the improved feature least‐mean‐square (IF‐LMS) algorithm to exploit hidden sparsity in unknown systems. Recently, the feature least‐mean‐square (F‐LMS) algorithm has been introduced, but its application is limited to particular systems since it uses predetermined feature matrices. However, the proposed IF‐LMS algorithm utilizes the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method to learn feature matrices; thus, it can be used in any system that the classical LMS algorithm is applicable. Hence, by employing a learnable feature matrix, the IF‐LMS algorithm has a vast application area as compared to the F‐LMS algorithm. Moreover, mathematically, we discuss some parameters of the IF‐LMS algorithm. Simulation results, in synthetic and real‐life scenarios, demonstrate that the IF‐LMS algorithm has superior filtering accuracy to the well‐known LMS algorithm.
High‐Loading Co Single Atoms and Clusters Active Sites toward Enhanced Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction Reaction for High‐Performance Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Zhang Mengtian , Li Hao , Chen Junxiang , Ma Fei‐Xiang , Zhen Liang , Wen Zhenhai , Xu Cheng‐Yan
Published: November 2022

The development of precious‐metal alternative electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is highly desired for a variety of fuel cells, and single atom catalysts (SACs) have been envisaged to be the promising choice. However, there remains challenges in the synthesis of high metal loading SACs (>5 wt.%), thus limiting their electrocatalytic performance. Herein, a facile self‐sacrificing template strategy is developed for fabricating Co single atoms along with Co atomic clusters co‐anchored on porous‐rich nitrogen‐doped graphene (Co SAs/AC@NG), which is implemented by the pyrolysis of dicyandiamide with the formation of layered g‐C3N4 as sacrificed templates, providing rich anchoring sites to achieve high Co loading up to 14.0 wt.% in Co SAs/AC@NG. Experiments combined with density functional theory calculations reveal that the co‐existence of Co single atoms and clusters with underlying nitrogen doped carbon in the optimized Co40SAs/AC@NG synergistically contributes to the enhanced electrocatalysis for ORR, which outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalysts with presenting a high half‐wave potential (E1/2 = 0.890 V) and robust long‐term stability. Moreover, the Co40SAs/AC@NG presents excellent performance in Zn–air battery with a high‐peak power density (221 mW cm−2) and strong cycling stability, demonstrating great potential for energy storage applications.
Implied Open‐circuit Voltage Imaging via a Single Bandpass Filter Method—Its First Application in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Soufiani Arman Mahboubi , Lee‐Chin Robert , Fassl Paul , Mahmud Md Arafat , Pollard Michael E. , Zheng Jianghui , Weber Juergen W. , Ho‐Baillie Anita , Trupke Thorsten , Hameiri Ziv
Published: November 2022

A novel, camera‐based method for direct implied open‐circuit voltage (iVOC) imaging via the use of a single bandpass filter (s‐BPF) is developed for large‐area photovoltaic solar cells and precursors. The photoluminescence (PL) emission is imaged using a narrow BPF with centre energy inside the high‐energy tail of the PL emission, utilising the close‐to‐unity and nearly constant absorptivity of typical photovoltaic devices in this energy range. As a result, the exact value of the sample's absorptivity within the BPF transmission band is not required. The use of an s‐BPF enables a fully contactless approach to calibrate the absolute PL photon flux for spectrally integrated detectors, including cameras. The method eliminates the need for knowledge of the imaging system spectral response. Through an appropriate choice of the BPF centre energy, a range of absorber compositions or a single absorber with different surface morphologies, such as planar and textured, can be imaged, all without the need for additional detection optics. The feasibility of this s‐BPF method is first validated. The relative error in iVOC is determined to be ≤1.5%. The method is then demonstrated on device stacks with two different perovskite compositions commonly used in single‐junction and monolithic tandem solar cells.
An ECM‐Mimicking, Injectable, Viscoelastic Hydrogel for Treatment of Brain Lesions
Authors: Hu Yan , Jia Yuanbo , Wang Siwei , Ma Yufei , Huang Guoyou , Ding Tan , Feng Dayun , Genin Guy M. , Wei Zhao , Xu Feng
Published: November 2022

Brain lesions can arise from traumatic brain injury, infection, and craniotomy. Although injectable hydrogels show promise for promoting healing of lesions and health of surrounding tissue, enabling cellular ingrowth and restoring neural tissue continue to be challenging. It is hypothesized that these challenges arise in part from the mismatch of composition, stiffness, and viscoelasticity between the hydrogel and the brain parenchyma, and this hypothesis is tested by developing and evaluating a self‐healing hydrogel that not only mimics the composition, but also the stiffness and viscoelasticity of native brain parenchyma. The hydrogel is crosslinked by dynamic boronate ester bonds between phenylboronic acid grafted hyaluronic acid (HA‐PBA) and dopamine grafted gelatin (Gel‐Dopa). This HA‐PBA/Gel‐Dopa hydrogel could be injected into a lesion cavity in a shear‐thinning manner with rapid hemostasis, high tissue adhesion, and efficient self‐healing. In an in vivo mouse model of brain lesions, the multi‐functional injectable hydrogel is found to support neural cell infiltration, decrease astrogliosis and glial scars, and close the lesions. The results suggest a role for extracellular matrix‐mimicking viscoelasticity in brain lesion healing, and motivate additional experimentation in larger animals as the technology progresses toward potential application in humans.
NIR‐II Responsive Upconversion Nanoprobe with Simultaneously Enhanced Single‐Band Red Luminescence and Phase/Size Control for Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Bi Shenghui , Deng Zhiming , Huang Junqing , Wen Xingwang , Zeng Songjun
Published: November 2022

Lanthanide based upconversion (UC) nanoprobes have emerged as promising agents for biological applications. Extending the excitation light to the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II), instead of the traditional 980/808 nm light, and realizing NIR‐II responsive single‐band red UC emission is highly demanded for bioimaging application, which has not yet been explored. Here, a new type of NIR‐II (1532 nm) light responsive UC nanoparticles (UCNPs) with enhanced single‐band red UC emission and controllable phase and size is designed by introducing Er3+ as sensitizer and utilizing Mn2+ as energy manipulator. Through tuning the content of Mn2+ in NaLnF4:Er/Mn, the crystal phase, size, and emitting color are readily controlled, and the red‐to‐green (R/G) ratio is significantly increased from ≈20 to ≈300, leading to NIR‐II responsive single band red emission via efficient energy transfer between Er3+ and Mn2+. In addition, the single band red emitting intensity can be further improved by coating shell to avoid the surface quenching effect. More importantly, NIR‐II light activated red UC bioimaging and photodynamic therapy through loading photosensitizer of zinc phthalocyanine are successfully achieved for the first time. These findings provide a new strategy of designing NIR‐II light responsive single‐band red emissive UCNPs for biomedical applications.
Progress and Prospects of Inorganic Solid‐State Electrolyte‐Based All‐Solid‐State Pouch Cells
Authors: Wang Changhong , Kim Jung Tae , Wang Chunsheng , Sun Xueliang
Published: November 2022

All‐solid‐state batteries have piqued global research interest because of their unprecedented safety and high energy density. Significant advances have been made in achieving high room‐temperature ionic conductivity and good air stability of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), mitigating the challenges at the electrode–electrolyte interface, and developing feasible manufacturing processes. Along with the advances in fundamental study, all‐solid‐state pouch cells using inorganic SSEs have been widely demonstrated, revealing their immense potential for industrialization. This review provides an overview of inorganic all‐solid‐state pouch cells, focusing on ultrathin SSE membranes, sheet‐type thick solid‐state electrodes, and bipolar stacking. Moreover, several critical parameters directly influencing the energy density of all‐solid‐state Li‐ion and lithium–sulfur pouch cells are outlined. Finally, perspectives on all‐solid‐state pouch cells are provided and specific metrics to meet certain energy density targets are specified. This review looks to facilitate the development of inorganic all‐solid‐state pouch cells with high energy density and excellent safety.
Engineering Electrodes with Robust Conducting Hydrogel Coating for Neural Recording and Modulation
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Wang Lulu , Xue Yu , Lei Iek Man , Chen Xingmei , Zhang Pei , Cai Chengcheng , Liang Xiangyu , Lu Yi , Liu Ji
Published: November 2022

Coating conventional metallic electrodes with conducting polymers has enabled the essential characteristics required for bioelectronics, such as biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, mechanical compliance, and the capacity for structural and chemical functionalization of the bioelectrodes. However, the fragile interface between the conducting polymer and the electrode in wet physiological environment greatly limits their utility and reliability. Here, a general yet reliable strategy to seamlessly interface conventional electrodes with conducting hydrogel coatings is established, featuring tissue‐like modulus, highly‐desirable electrochemical properties, robust interface, and long‐term reliability. Numerical modeling reveals the role of toughening mechanism, synergy of covalent anchorage of long‐chain polymers, and chemical cross‐linking, in improving the long‐term robustness of the interface. Through in vivo implantation in freely‐moving mouse models, it is shown that stable electrophysiological recording can be achieved, while the conducting hydrogel–electrode interface remains robust during the long‐term low‐voltage electrical stimulation. This simple yet versatile design strategy addresses the long‐standing technical challenges in functional bioelectrode engineering, and opens up new avenues for the next‐generation diagnostic brain‐machine interfaces.
Tracking Mechanical Stress and Cell Migration with Inexpensive Polymer Thin‐Film Sensors
Authors: Finney Tanner J. , Frank Skye L. , Bull Michael R. , Guy Robert D. , Kuhl Tonya L.
Published: November 2022

Polydiacetylene (PDA) Langmuir films are well known for their blue‐to‐red chromatic transitions in response to a variety of stimuli, including UV light, heat, bio‐molecule bindings, and mechanical stress. In this work, the ability to tune PDA Langmuir films to exhibit discrete chromatic transitions in response to applied mechanical stress is detailed. Normal and shear‐induced transitions are quantified using the Surface Forces Apparatus and established to be binary and tunable as a function of film formation conditions. Both monomer alkyl tail length and metal cations are used to manipulate the chromatic transition force threshold to enable discrete force sensing from ≈50 to ≈500 nN µm−2 for normal loading and ≈2 to ≈40 nN µm−2 for shear‐induced transitions, which are appropriate for biological cells. The utility of PDA thin‐film sensors is demonstrated with the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. The fluorescence readout of the films enabled: the area explored by Physarum to be visualized, the forces involved in locomotion to be quantified, and revealed novel puncta formation potentially associated with Physarum sampling its environment.
Printing of Low‐Melting‐Point Alloy as Top Electrode for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Boyang , Liu Linna , Liu Bingyang , Zhao Xinyan , Deng Weiwei
Published: November 2022

The top electrodes of organic solar cells (OSCs) are usually deposited by thermal evaporation in vacuum, which has become the major obstacle toward fully‐printed OSCs. The vacuum‐free printed top electrodes are highly desirable for the continuous production of OSCs. Here, the printing of low‐melting‐point alloy (LMPA) as cathodes in OSCs based on the D18:Y6 system is investigated. The Field's metal (FM) is focused with a melting point of 62 °C, which could be printed under moderate temperatures that are harmless to the active layers and solidifies at room temperature. More importantly, FM will not melt by solar radiation under practical scenarios. Direct ink writing is used to print the FM cathodes. Two printing modes are identified: the dragging mode in the far field to obtain rod electrodes, and the shearing mode in the near field to achieve relatively flat lamellas. The correlations between processing parameters and properties of the printed electrodes are elucidated. OSCs with printed FM cathodes exhibit the highest power conversion efficiency of 16.44%. The results demonstrate that this facile and robust direct LMPA writing technique is promising for high‐performance fully‐printed OSCs.
Copper Peroxides Based Multiple Tumor Microenvironment Regulation for Enhanced Photodynamic/Chemodynamic Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Wang Meifang , Zhang Wenyin , Ding Binbin , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun
Published: November 2022

Hypoxia, overexpressed glutathione (GSH) and depletable H2O2 in tumor microenvironment (TME) are three major obstacles to the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated antitumor therapy. Herein, a photodynamic/chemodynamic synergistic therapeutic nanoagent, DMOS@CuO2/ICG‐HA (DCI), is synthesized based on copper peroxide (CuO2) and indocyanine green (ICG) co‐loaded disulfide‐bond‐incorporated dendritic mesoporous organosilica (DMOS), with modification of hyaluronic acid (HA). The DCI nanocomposites (NCs) can realize multiple TME regulating ability through releasing H2O2/O2 and depleting GSH under acidic condition. Besides, the released Cu2+ can contribute to T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vitro and in vivo. After accumulating at the tumor sites, the DCI NCs can overcome the hypoxia and produce high level of ROS to induce cell apoptosis upon laser irradiation. Hence, the as‐prepared DCI nanoagent can realize MRI‐guided synergistic photodynamic/chemodynamic therapy with enhanced antitumor efficacy.
Co‐Substituted BiFeO3: Electronic, Ferroelectric, and Thermodynamic Properties from First Principles
Authors: Grover Shivani , Butler Keith T. , Waghmare Umesh V. , Grau‐Crespo Ricardo
Published: November 2022

Bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3, is a multiferroic solid that is attracting increasing attention as a potential photocatalytic material, because the ferroelectric polarization enhances the separation of photogenerated carriers. With the motivation of finding routes to engineer the band gap and the band alignment, while conserving or enhancing the ferroelectric properties, the thermodynamic, electronic, and ferroelectric properties of BiCoxFe1−xO3 solid solutions (x = 0, 0.0625, 0.125) using density functional theory are investigated. It is shown that the band gap can be reduced from 2.9 to 2.1 eV by cobalt substitution, while simultaneously increasing the spontaneous polarization, which is associated with a notably larger Born effective charge of Co compared to Fe cations. The interaction between Co impurities is discussed, which is strongly attractive and can drive the aggregation of Co, as evidenced by Monte Carlo simulations. Phase separation into a Co‐rich phase is therefore predicted to be thermodynamically preferred, and the homogenous solid solution can only exist in metastable form, protected by slow cation diffusion kinetics. Finally, the band alignment of pure and Co‐substituted BiFeO3 with relevant redox potentials, in the context of its applicability in photocatalysis, is discussed.
Cost‐Effective H2O2‐Regeneration of Powdered Activated Carbon by Isolated Fe Sites
Authors: Chen Xu , Tian Ziqi , Yang Qihao , Zhang Linjuan , Yang Qiu , Chen Liang , Lu Zhiyi
Published: November 2022

The reuse of powdered activated carbon (PAC) vitally determines the economics and security of the PAC‐based adsorption process, while state‐of‐the‐art PAC regeneration technologies are usually unsatisfactory. Here, it is demonstrated that isolated Fe sites anchored on commercial PAC enable fast H2O2 activation to produce Fe‐based reactive oxygen species for highly efficient PAC regeneration at room temperature. Taking rhodamine B as a representative pollutant, PAC decorated with isolated Fe sites realize H2O2 based regeneration with negligible adsorption capacity degradation for 10 cycles. Moreover, in terms of the PAC loss rate, this technology is greatly superior to traditional Fenton‐based regeneration technology. Further operando experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that the high regeneration performance can be attributed to the isolated HOFeO motifs, which activate H2O2 via a nonradical reaction pathway. These findings provide a very promising strategy toward reducing the cost of H2O2‐based PAC regeneration technology.
Interfacial Coupling SnSe2/SnSe Heterostructures as Long Cyclic Anodes of Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Feng Wang , Wen Xia , Wang Yuzhu , Song Luying , Li Xiaohui , Du Ruofan , Yang Junbo , Li Hui , He Jun , Shi Jianping
Published: November 2022

Tin selenide (SnSe2) is considered a promising anode of the lithium‐ion battery because of its tunable interlayer space, abundant active sites, and high theoretical capacity. However, the low electronic conductivity and large volume variation during the charging/discharging processes inevitably result in inadequate specific capacity and inferior cyclic stability. Herein, a high‐throughput wet chemical method to synthesize SnSe2/SnSe heterostructures is designed and used as anodes of lithium‐ion batteries. The hierarchical nanoflower morphology of such heterostructures buffers the volume expansion, while the built‐in electric field and metallic feature increase the charge transport capability. As expected, the superb specific capacity (≈911.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), high‐rate performance, and outstanding cyclic stability are obtained in the lithium‐ion batteries composed of SnSe2/SnSe anodes. More intriguingly, a reversible specific capacity (≈374.7 mAh g−1 at 2.5 A g−1) is maintained after 1000 cycles. The internal lithium storage mechanism is clarified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and in situ characterizations. This work hereby provides a new paradigm for enhancing lithium‐ion battery performances by constructing heterostructures.
Unveiling Chemically Robust Bimetallic Squarate‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kandambeth Sharath , Kale Vinayak. S. , Fan Dong , Bau Jeremy A. , Bhatt Prashant M. , Zhou Sheng , Shkurenko Aleksander , Rueping Magnus , Maurin Guillaume , Shekhah Osama , Eddaoudi Mohamed
Published: November 2022

Here, this work reports an innovative strategy for the synthesis of chemically robust metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and applies them as catalysts for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A bimetallic squarate‐based MOF (Sq‐MOF) with a zbr topology serves as an excellent platform for electrocatalytic OER owing to its open porous structure, high affinity toward water, and presence of catalytically active 1D metal hydroxide strips. By regulating the Ni2+ content in a bimetallic squarate MOF system, the electrochemical structural stability toward OER can be improved. The screening of various metal ratios demonstrates that Ni3Fe1 and Ni2Fe1 Sq‐zbr‐MOFs show the best performance for electrocatalytic OER in terms of catalytic activity and structural stability. Ni2Fe1 Sq‐zbr‐MOF shows a low overpotential of 230 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) and a small Tafel slope of 37.7 mV dec−1, with an excellent long‐term electrochemical stability for the OER. Remarkably, these overpotential values of Ni2Fe1 Sq‐zbr‐MOF are comparable with those of the best‐performing layered double hydroxide (LDH) systems and outperforms the commercially available noble‐metal‐based RuO2 catalyst for OER under identical operational conditions.
Inducing the Preferential Growth of Zn (002) Plane for Long Cycle Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Huangwei , Zhong Yun , Li Jianbo , Liao Yaqi , Zeng Jialiu , Shen Yue , Yuan Lixia , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui
Published: November 2022

Uncontrolled growth of Zn dendrites is the main reason for the short‐circuit failure of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. Using electrolyte additives to manipulate the crystal growth is one of the most convenient strategies to mitigate the dendrite issue. However, most additives would be unstable during cycling due to the structural reconstruction of the deposition layer. Herein, it is proposed to use 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cation (BMIm+ ion) as an electrolyte additive, which could steadily induce the preferential growth of (002) plane and inhibit the formation of Zn dendrites. Specifically, BMIm+ ion will be preferentially adsorbed on (100) and (101) planes of Zn anodes, forcing Zn2+ ion to deposit on the (002) plane, thus inducing the preferential growth of the (002) plane and forming a flat and compact deposition layer. As a result, the Zn anode cycles for 1000 h at10 mA cm−2 and 10 mAh cm−2 as well as a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.8%. Meanwhile, the NH4V4O10||Zn pouch cell can operate stably for 240 cycles at 0.4 A g−1. The BMIm+ ion additive keeps a stable effect on the structural reconstruction of the Zn anode during the prolonged cycling.
Effects of mowing, spring precipitation, soil nutrients, and enzymes on grassland productivity
Authors: Reinhart Kurt O. , Komatsu Kim J. , Vermeire Lance T.
Published: November 2022

Little research has assessed how the timing and intensity of grazing might affect plant biomass, available nutrients, soil extracellular enzyme activity (EEA), and how climate change might influence these responses. We tested the effect of two spring precipitation schemes (70, 100% of ambient), two mowing intensities (moderate, severe), and two mowing season treatments (June, October) on plant and soil properties. We detected an interactive effect of precipitation, mowing intensity, and mowing season on plant biomass. When plots were mowed at a moderate intensity, water reductions had irregular effects on plant biomass depending on the mowing season. Plant biomass was also 11% greater in plots mowed at moderate than at severe intensities. Most soil nutrients were unaffected by treatments except for calcium. Soil EEA was unaffected by treatments; however, the activity of a phosphorus (P)‐acquisition enzyme was more than four times greater than the activity of nitrogen (N)‐ and carbon‐acquisition enzymes. A substantial amount (adjusted R2 = .51) of plot‐to‐plot variation in plant biomass was explained by three soil properties especially an N‐acquisition enzyme and to a lesser degree by plant available P and soil pH. The grassland had a high degree of natural buffering capacity as most soil properties were resistant to shifts in 6‐yr spring precipitation and 5‐yr simulated grazing intensity and season. Grassland plant biomass varied by treatments and was seemingly limited by biogeochemical constraints especially the prevalent need to mobilize P and a secondary need to acquire N as plant biomass increased.