bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paliperidone Extended-Release Tablets: A New Atypical Antipsychotic
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: December 2019

This article reviews the use of the new atypical antipsychotic drug paliperidone extended-release (Pal-ER). Pal-ER is a delayed-release formulation that provides continual drug delivery over 24 hours and reduces fluctuations in serum drug concentrations. This delayed release minimizes side effects related to high serum levels that occur with immediate-release formulations. Pal-ER is effective, safe, and relatively well tolerated. Although Pal-ER does not have any major advantages or disadvantages compared with other antipsychotic drugs, it has unique pharmacological properties and may be a beneficial alternative medication for some patients.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr. Howland is Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The author discloses that he has no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity, including research support.

Address correspondence to Robert H. Howland, MD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; e-mail: HowlandRH@upmc.edu.
Serzone Semantics
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: December 2019

Please click here to read the article.
Self-Transcendence and Depression Among AIDS Memorial Quilt Panel Makers
Authors: Kausch Kurt D. , Amer Kim
Published: December 2019

Self-transcendence is a process that can help individuals reestablish well-being after experiencing a significant, life-altering event. In this study, we sought to identify the relationship between self-transcendence and depression in individuals who lost loved ones to HIV/AIDS and to describe and compare self-transcendence, self-transcendence variables of acceptance and spirituality, and depression among bereaved individuals who created AIDS Memorial Quilt panels with those who did not. The findings support Reed’s self-transcendence theory, with inverse correlations between self-transcendence and depression obtained from both the total group and the panel makers. Significant differences were also found between certain self-transcendence variables and depression among the study participants related to gender and ethnicity. In addition, thematic analysis of panel maker interviews revealed five themes: Quilt panel making provides validation, Quilt panel making creates a living memory, liberating acceptance of loss, community of survivors, and connection to a higher power. These findings assist in understanding the complexities of the grief process and support the usefulness of Quilt panel making as an intervention for coping with grief related to HIV/AIDS.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Dr. Kausch is Nurse Clinician I, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Department of Oncology, Chicago, Illinois, and Dr. Amer is Associate Professor, DePaul University, Department of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois. At the time the study was conducted, Dr. Kausch was a masters’ entry-into-nursing-practice graduate student, DePaul University, Department of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois.

The authors disclose that they have no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity. This research study was sponsored by the Zeta Sigma Chapter of Sigma Theta Tau International, with funding provided through a Grace Peterson Scholarship award.

The authors wish to thank Pamela Reed, PhD, RN, FAAN, for permission to use the self-transcendence scale tool and Karyn Holm, PhD, RN, FAAN, for reviewing the manuscript. The authors also thank The Chicago Chapter of The NAMES Project Foundation, Test Positive Aware Network and Vital Bridges for their cooperation and assistance, as well as the volunteers who participated in this study and shared their sincere and heartfelt perspectives.

Address correspondence to Kim Amer, PhD, RN, Associate Professor, DePaul University, Department of Nursing, 990 West Fullerton, Suite 3000, Chicago, IL 60614-2458; e-mail: kamer@depaul.edu.
Clinical Photoablation With a 500-Hz Scanning Spot Excimer Laser
Authors: Iseli Hans Peter , Mrochen Michael , Hafezi Farhad , Seiler Theo
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to use a 500-Hz scanning spot laser (Concept500, WaveLight Laser Technologie AG, Erlangen, Germany) to investigate potential side effects that might be associated with the use of a high repetition rate laser platform.

METHODS: Seven eyes were treated using a 500-Hz scanning spot laser for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The local frequency of the ablation was kept below 40 Hz to avoid local heating of corneal tissue. With the exception of the high repetition rate (500 Hz), all other laser parameters such as fluence, algorithm, ablation profile, and spot diameter were identical to a standard WaveLight Allegretto laser system. Patients were examined at 1 month and 1 year after initial treatment. Preoperative and postoperative examination included manifest sphere and cylinder, uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA).

RESULTS: All eyes were treated for myopia or myopic astigmatism. Five eyes received spherocylindrical and two eyes spherical ablation only. No adverse events correlated with the use of a high repetition rate laser system were observed during surgery or at any point during follow-up. All eyes maintained or had improved BSCVA at 12 months after treatment when compared to preoperative values.

CONCLUSION: The use of an excimer laser with a maximal repetition rate of 500 Hz and a local repetition rate of less than 40 Hz was free of any specific side effect that might be associated with the use of such a high repetition rate. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:831-834]
Theoretical Elastic Response of the Cornea to Refractive Surgery: Risk Factors for Keratectasia
Authors: Guirao Antonio
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To explore the role that mechanical elastic factors may have in post-refractive surgery corneal phenomena, from mild curvature changes to keratectasia.

METHODS: The central cornea near the apex was modeled as an elastic spherical thin shell loaded by the intraocular pressure (IOP). Equations for myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) were obtained to estimate shifts and curvature changes of the posterior corneal surface at the apex. The effect of every parameter was studied, identifying potential risk factors for ectasia.

RESULTS: Theoretically, corneal thinning by ablation will produce an elastic deformation of the posterior surface that depends on the corneal parameters (curvature, Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, and thickness), the IOP, and the ablation profile. In particular, a forward shift and an increase in power of the posterior surface was predicted for myopic LASIK, in agreement with previous experimental findings. These changes rise non-linearly with the attempted correction, and are greater for thinner preoperative corneas, higher IOP, smaller Young's modulus, and thicker flaps. Corneas with Young's modulus half the average or less, or thickness <500 µm, may present high risk of ectasia, especially for high IOP and thick flaps.

CONCLUSIONS: Some postoperative effects may be explained in part by elasticity. Research efforts are needed to explain other biomechanical behaviors. The accepted criterion of 250 µm residual bed is insufficient for fine patient screening-depending on the individual ocular parameters, it could be more restrictive. Advances in technology are needed to create a preoperative examination including two-dimensional maps of topography, pachymetry, and Young's modulus. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:176-185.]
Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Correction of Myopia in Eyes After Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Barequet Irina S , Levy Jaime , Klemperer Itamar , Hirsh Ami , Pollack Ayala , Lifshitz Tova , Levinger Samuel
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for correction of myopia in eyes with previous retinal detachment surgery.

METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of all consecutive eyes that underwent LASIK after retinal detachment surgery. Data was collected regarding previous ocular surgery and its time prior to LASIK, intra- and postoperative complications, and visual outcome measures pre- and postoperatively.

RESULTS: Ten eyes with previous retinal detachment surgery were scheduled for LASIK. One eye was excluded from data analysis as LASIK was aborted due to inadequate microkeratome suction because of conjunctival scarring. Nine eyes underwent an uneventful LASIK procedure. On average, LASIK was performed 130±123 months following retinal detachment surgery. Postoperative LASIK follow-up was 14.8±12.5 months. No significant intraoperative, postoperative, or retinal complications were observed. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -9.00±3.00 diopters (D), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.06±0.02, and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 0.64 ±0.16. At the end of follow-up, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.65±0.88 D, mean UCVA was 0.57±0.14, and mean BSCVA was 0.72±0.19. Differences between BSCVA before and after LASIK were statistically significant (P=.038). At final follow-up, the safety index was 1.22 and efficacy index was 1.01.

CONCLUSIONS: Laser in situ keratomileusis was found to be a safe and efficient option for treating refractive errors in eyes with previous retinal detachment surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:191-193.]
Treating Keratoconus With Intacs Corneal Ring Segments
Authors: Hellstedt Timo , Mäkelä Janna , Uusitalo Raimo , Emre Sinan , Uusitalo Risto
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of Intacs inserts for the treatment of mild to moderate keratoconus.

METHODS: In a nonrandomized prospective clinical trial, 50 eyes of 37 patients with mild to moderate keratoconus were implanted with asymmetrical pairs of Intacs segments. Patients were interviewed and observed preoperative^ and 24 hours, 1 week, 1,3,6, and 12 months postoperatively. Main outcome measures were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), refraction, satisfaction with vision and trouble with vision, Visual Function-7 score, and surgically induced change in corneal astigmatism.

RESULTS: Of the 50 operations performed, 92% were successful. Mean follow-up was 6.3 ±3.2 months. In 4 (8%) eyes, both Intacs segments were removed. In addition, 7 refractive adjustments in 7 eyes were performed successfully to improve visual and surgical outcome. Both BSCVA and UCVA improved throughout follow-up. Visual functioning index improved from 61.6 ±21.1 to 80. 8 ±22.5, and the percentage of satisfaction with vision improved from 24.3% to 87.5% at 12 months. Vector analysis of astigmatism correction showed that the mean change in corneal astigmatism was 2.9 ±2.9 D at 6 months postoperatively. By selecting patients in whom astigmatism correction was best (index of success > 0.5), an analysis was performed to determine individual factors important in successful surgery. Preoperative Iy these 11 (22%) eyes did not differ significantly from the remaining eyes and the only significant value was low K readings in the flat axis.

CONCLUSIONS: Asymmetric Intacs placement improves BSCVA and UCVA and reduces astigmatism in patients with mild to moderate keratoconus. The procedure of Intacs placement is safe and effective. The change in astigmatism correction is unpredictable. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:236-246.]
Strategic Planning in Topography-guided Ablation of Irregular Astigmatism After Laser Refractive Surgery
Authors: Stojanovic Aleksandar , Suput Dasa
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To identify an optimal customized ablation strategy in the treatment of eyes with secondary irregular astigmatism.

METHODS: Corneal anterior surface elevation maps of 50 eyes with secondary irregular astigmatism after decentered laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and 50 virgin eyes were used for customized ablation simulations. Two ablation simulations with targeted postoperative surfaces perpendicular to either the visual or corneal morphological axis were made for each eye. All ablations were programmed for correction of corneal irregularities, including corneal astigmatism. The manifest refractive error was not corrected. Optical diameter was 6.5 mm and total diameter was 7.5 mm. Maximum ablation depths and maximum transition zone gradients were registered and analyzed.

RESULTS: In eyes with secondary irregular astigmatism, mean maximum ablation depth was 48.21 ± 25.96 µm and 26.31 ± 14.08 µm, whereas mean maximum transition zone gradient was 29.07 ± 25.15 µm and 9.88 ± 6.41 µm in ablation simulations based on the visual and corneal morphological axes, respectively. The difference between the ablation strategies was highly statistically significant for both parameters (P<.001). In virgin eyes, only a minor difference was noted between the visual and corneal morphological axis ablation simulations (P=.15 for maximum ablation depths and P=.19 for maximum transition zone gradient).

CONCLUSIONS: In secondary irregular astigmatism, ablation based on the corneal morphological axis appears to minimize corneal tissue consumption and allows a smoother transition zone. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:369-376.]
Intraocular Pressure Measurement After Hyperopic and Myopic LASIK
Authors: Jarade Elias F , Nader FranÇoise C Abi , Tabbara Khaled F
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of hyperopic and myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by Goldmann applanation tonometry.

METHODS: Intraocular pressure was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry pre- and postoperatively in 48 hyperopic eyes (26 patients) and 56 myopic eyes (28 patients).

RESULTS: The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was +3.97±2.48 diopters (D) in the hyperopic group and -6.73±4.79 D in the myopic group. Attempted correction was equivalent to preoperative refraction in each group. Mean preoperative IOP was 14.22±2.56 mmHg and 13.70±2.09 mmHg in the hyperopic and myopic groups, respectively. Following LASIK, the mean IOP was 11.85±2.52 mmHg and 11.38±3.08 mmHg in the hyperopic and myopic groups, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The IOP measurement was significantly reduced (P<.001) by 2.37±2.25 mmHg and 2.32±2.89 mmHg following hyperopic and myopic LASIK, respectively. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:408-410.]
Guest Editorial
Authors: Fadzil Daud Mohd. , Aliah Phang Fatin , Mohd Yusof Khairiyah
Published: December 2019

No abstract available.
African Elephants, Roan Antelope, Language and Rock Art
Authors: Thackeray J. Francis
Published: December 2019

Les données linguistiques et éthologiques concernant les éléphants sont examinées en lien avec l’art rupestre d’Afrique du Sud, avec une attention particulière pour le comportement de ces grands animaux à défense qui deviennent dangereux et agressifs quand ils sont blessés. C’est le cas également de l’antilope rouanne (hippotrague) qui possède de longues cornes courbes. Dans cet article, je tente de démontrer que le comportement des éléphants et des antilopes blessés a pu constituer le point de départ de l’expression de quelques concepts identifiables dans l’art rupestre. Les mots peuvent être considérés comme des « fossiles » dans le contexte de ce que je nommerais une paléontologie linguistique.
La ressource sol et les traits archéopédologiques utiles dans les structures archéologiques : vers un enregistrement systématique ?
Authors: Fechner Kai , Broes Frédéric
Published: December 2019

Treize traits pédologiques ou unités d’altération sont proposés à des fins de description systématique. Il s’agit de différents types de micro-laminations, d’agencements en escalier des couches, d’effondrements de paroi montrant des fragments de sol, d’une concavité marquée liée à la maturation du comblement, d’une décomposition plus ou moins avancée des artefacts et écofacts minéraux, d’une décomposition plus ou moins avancée des artefacts et écofacts organiques, du remplissage rapide fait de fragments bien délimités, d’une compaction en plaquettes liée à l’impact d’une structure lourde ou au passage, d’une ornière ou d’un piétinement, d’une accumulation plus ou moins concentrée d’oxydes ou d’hydroxydes liée à l’oxydoréduction, de la rubéfaction in situ par le feu, de la mélanisation (noircissement/brunification/bleuissement) in situ par le feu, de la présence de dépôts in situ issus du feu et, enfin, de la présence de dépôts remaniés issus du feu. Cette première étape qui consiste en une meilleure description des séquences stratigraphiques, ne remplace pas les étapes ultérieures d’étude et d’interprétation par les géoarchéologues. Elle augmente le potentiel d’interprétation des structures archéologiques, si l’on systématise l’enregistrement des phénomènes de (trans) formation pédologiques dans les coupes et décapages. Cela a été expérimenté pour les fosses et tombes, fossés, palissades, chemins et enclos, horizons de surface anciens, levées de terre, structures de combustion et terres cuites, unités architecturales, entre autres pour les périodes néolithiques et post-néolithiques en Europe du nord-ouest, mais toujours de manière ponctuelle. Une application plus systématique est donc indispensable dès le terrain. Enfin, les raisons de la non-systématisation passée de cette récolte d’indices, pourtant directement disponibles, sont évoquées, ainsi qu’une recherche de solutions, initiées par les voies pédagogique et informatique.
Changshan (Chine) : l’enregistrement du corpus céramique par la MAFNEC
Authors: Duval Pauline , Sebillaud Pauline , Jing Zhongwei
Published: December 2019

Le site de Changshan, dans la province du Jilin en Chine, occupé périodiquement du Néolithique à l’époque médiévale, a fait l’objet d’une seconde campagne de fouille en 2017. Ce chantier résulte d’une coopération entre le département d’archéologie de l’université du Jilin et la Mission Archéologique Franco-chinoise dans le Nord-Est de la Chine (la MAFNEC). La partie française de l’équipe était en charge de l’étude préliminaire du corpus céramique et de la mise en place d’un système d’enregistrement homogène. Or, la conception de l’archéologie en Europe contraste de celle appliquée en Chine, nécessitant l’adaptation des méthodes. C’est dans la conciliation de ces différents modèles que nous avons développé deux fiches d’enregistrement : l’une pour les objets isolés et l’autre de quantification.
La question du réemploi dans la construction des monuments publics romains
Authors: Boucard Jordan
Published: December 2019

Au cours de ces dernières années, la question du réemploi en architecture antique a été traitée par des études toujours plus nombreuses. Ce nombre croissant de travaux est à mettre en lien avec l’émergence de l’archéologie de la construction et les problématiques qu’elle soulève. Loin de se limiter aux composantes de l’architecture et aux techniques de construction, les aspects socio-économiques sont désormais abordés. Mon travail de recherche, s’intéressant aux liens entre les monuments publics du Haut-Empire romain et les aménagements antérieurs sur lesquels ils ont été édifiés, me permet d’examiner le réemploi d’éléments architecturaux à l’échelle d’un même site. La confrontation entre données bibliographiques et données de terrain pose le problème de la fiabilité de ces informations puisque ces deux types de sources ne livrent pas le même résultat. Sur cent études de cas répertoriées, les données bibliographiques (issues de fouilles souvent anciennes) livrent peu d’informations sur les modalités de réemploi, alors que les observations archéologiques indiquent souvent le contraire. Afin de mieux caractériser les processus de réemploi, de nouvelles méthodes d’enregistrement ont été mises en place. Nous aborderons ici un cas précis, celui de la base de données ACoR (Atlas des techniques de la construction romaine).
Gournay-sur-Aronde (Oise), 1977-2017 : 40 ans d’archives archéologiques
Authors: Quatrelivre Carole
Published: December 2019

Les fouilles débutées en 1977 à Gournay-sur-Aronde (Oise) sous la direction de J.-L. Brunaux ressemblent à ces campagnes archéologiques du milieu du siècle dernier, avec une équipe de jeunes passionnés amateurs travaillant sans financements pendant leur temps libre. Malgré ces conditions, leurs travaux ont initié une approche novatrice des pratiques rituelles en archéologie. En effet, le site de Gournay-sur-Aronde recèle une des plus riches collections d’armes connues du monde celtique, portant de surcroît des traces de destructions volontaires. La découverte Gournay-sur-Aronde devient alors le premier sanctuaire gaulois reconnu de manière univoque dans la recherche protohistorique européenne. Elle bénéficia du contexte archéologique particulier des années 1970, qui voit les prémisses d’une archéologie préventive (alors qualifiée « de sauvetage ») en France. Avec le développement des institutions et du cadre légal pour l’archéologie aux échelles nationale et régionale, la découverte fait sensation et les acteurs du milieu universitaire se mobilisent rapidement autour d’elle. Trois monographies plus tard, la réputation de Gournay-sur-Aronde est établie : site fondateur pour l’archéologie du rite en Europe, il est régulièrement cité dans les ouvrages, les enseignements universitaires, les reportages grand public… Plus de vingt ans après la dernière publication monographique du site, une reprise d’étude de la collection métallique a été engagée entre 2015 et 2017. Dans le cadre de ces travaux, plus de 2000 artefacts ont été récolés grâce à une documentation diverse accumulée depuis quarante ans. Inventaires de fouilles et de restaurations, relevés de terrain, radiographies, dessins inédits, rapports en tous genres ont été mis à contribution. Cependant, des choix ont dû être faits face à la masse archivistique à traiter afin de limiter les pertes d’informations et les délais d’étude. Les enjeux de la reprise de fouilles anciennes peuvent être explorés à l’aune de cette expérience, en ouvrant à la discussion les stratégies adoptées pour pallier les lacunes, évaluer la fiabilité des archives consultées et permettre leur exploitation future. Cette démarche revendique également l’intérêt particulier que revêtent ces projets de retour sur des découvertes anciennes, qui peuvent aboutir à un enrichissement parfois surprenant des connaissances sur certains sites majeurs de la discipline, mais aussi à une appréciation renouvelée de l’évolution des méthodes et des techniques en archéologie.
Observation, collecte de données et interprétation
Authors: Boonthai Worrawit
Published: December 2019

La recherche archéologique vise à reconstruire les comportements des populations passées en examinant leurs artefacts. Les facteurs naturels et culturels contribuent à la formation et à la modification de ces productions. Il est souvent difficile de distinguer les produits du comportement humain de ceux issus de processus physico-chimiques. L’identification, l’analyse et l’interprétation de ce type de processus est l’objet de la taphonomie. Cette approche issue de la paléontologie est particulièrement utile dans le cas de l’archéologie funéraire. Une étude de ce type a été menée sur les ossements trouvés dans les tombes du site rupestre de Pratu Pha daté d’environ de 2900-3200 BP et conservés au musée de Chiang Mai. Leurs analyses selon la technique XRD ont montré que la matière blanche visible à la surface des os ne provenait pas d’un champignon microscopique mais qu’elle résultait d’un processus de karstification. Le résultat et l’interprétation ont permis de mieux comprendre les processus taphologiques et les facteurs taphonomiques, qu’ils soient d’ordre physique, biotique ou culturel, pouvant modifier voir déformer ou détruire les restes humains.
ARMORAXE, un outil taillé pour l’archéométrie
Authors: Beneteaud Lucie
Published: December 2019

La base de données ARMORAXE, conçue et développée depuis 2016 sous FileMaker Pro, tend à centraliser l’ensemble des données archéologiques et archéométriques qui découlent de l’étude des lames de hache néolithiques en dolérite du Massif armoricain. Ce vaste projet nécessite l’élaboration d’une arborescence fiable et performante, capable d’intégrer et d’interroger un très grand nombre d’informations. Au-delà d’un inventaire exhaustif réalisé à l’aide de fiches d’enregistrement simples et générales, des tables spécifiques font la connexion entre plusieurs types d’informations et d’études spécialisées : conservation du mobilier, iconographies (dessins, photographies, modélisations 3D), localisations géographiques (support d’un SIG), observations pétrographiques et analyses géochimiques (LA-ICP-MS, fluorescence de rayons X et diffractométrie de rayons X), mécaniques (densité, dureté, ténacité et tribologie) et typologiques. Ainsi, l’intégralité des informations générées par l’étude du mobilier est rassemblée en un même outil et rendue disponible rapidement pour une exploitation efficace. À terme, ARMORAXE est destinée à être alimentée continuellement par différent·e·s chercheur·se·s attachée·s à la lithothèque de l’université de Rennes 1, qu’ils soient lithicien·ne·s, géologues, géomaticien·ne·s, etc. Des analyses complémentaires, de nouvelles découvertes ou encore des collections inédites rejoindront les fiches préexistantes. Ce modèle de base de données est également conçu afin de pouvoir être modifié et adapté à d’autres types d’études archéométriques, sur des périodes, des matériaux ou des objets différents.
Déterminer les zones d’approvisionnement en cuivre archéologique
Authors: Tomczyk Céline , Costa Kévin , Giosa Alain
Published: December 2019

La base de données Oxalid rassemble des analyses isotopiques effectuées tant sur des minerais que des produits (semi) finis datant majoritairement de l’âge du Bronze. Cette étude propose l’application d’un traitement statistique multivarié à cette base de données partagée. Un prétraitement est effectué dans le but de sélectionner les données de minerais. Cinq ratios isotopiques définissant la signature isotopique de ces minerais sont traités à l’aide des statistiques multivariées (CAH, AFD). Les regroupements effectués d’après les données analytiques sont confrontés à la localisation des échantillons analysés. Une fois la signature isotopique des gisements cuprifères définie, l’outil de détermination de provenance est testé. On utilise pour cela des lingots dont le gisement d’origine est connu. Le lien entre minerais et objets (semi-finis) est ainsi validé. Il devient alors possible de proposer une provenance aux artefacts archéologiques cuivreux pour lesquels la signature isotopique a été déterminée.
Active phloem sap collection by Trigona spinipes (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Artemisia annua Linn (Asteraceae)
Authors: Malagodi-Braga Kátia Sampaio , Moriconi Waldemore , Queiroga Joel Leandro de , Urchei Mário Artemio , Pazianotto Ricardo Antônio Almeida , Roncon Kenny
Published: December 2019

Trigona spinipes Fabricius (Apidae: Meliponini), is a common stingless bee widely seen in urban and rural areas in Brazil, popularly known as irapuá, arapuá or bee-dog. Although these bees are considered pollinators of some cultivated plants, they are better known for the damage they cause in different crops. During experimental agroecological cultivation of Artemisia (Artemisia annua Linn, Asteraceae), in Jaguariúna (SP, Brazil), stingless bees Trigona spinipes (Fabricius) were observed sucking phloem sap directly from the plant, a phenomenon not yet described in scientific literature. This study aimed to register and describe the phloem sap-sucking behavior performed by T. spinipes for the first time, as well as to assess the potential impact of this behavior on A. annua cultivation. The behavior and the material collected by bees and the severity of attack were also analyzed. The aging and premature death of observed A. annua specimens occurred because of extensive lesions caused by T. spinipes, confirming the negative consequence of sap-sucking attacks of T. spinipes bees on the plants. Factors that could induce this unusual behavior were presented, pointing out the need for future studies on the development of strategies to protect plants, without causing damage to the T. spinipes bee populations, which are elements of Brazilian bee fauna and, therefore, protected by law
Estratégias de conservação ambiental e a materialização da gestão cibernética na Comunidade São Francisco (Careiro da Várzea, Amazonas)
Authors: Rezende Marília Gabriela Gondim , Witkoski Antonio Carlos , Fraxe Therezinha de Jesus Pinto
Published: December 2019

Os estratagemas conservacionistas têm sido amplamente utilizados pelos camponeses, em áreas de várzea e de terra firme, contribuindo significativamente para a resiliência dos agroecossistemas da várzea amazônica. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo foi analisar as estratégias de conservação ambiental utilizado pelos camponeses da Comunidade São Francisco, localizada na Ilha do Careiro, estado do Amazonas. Dentre os instrumentos metodológicos utilizados pode-se destacar a aplicação de formulários, entrevistas abertas, registros fotográficos, e a Matriz de Estratégias de Conservação dos Agroecossistemas. Após a sistematização e análise dos dados coletados tornou-se possível a construção de fluxogramas, quadros e tabelas representativas das estratégias de conservação utilizadas e do ordenamento territorial da área de estudo. Pode-se inferir, com base nos resultados da pesquisa, que há uma gestão cibernética na Comunidade São Francisco, pautada na resiliência ecossistêmica e na conservação dos recursos naturais. Essa gestão é oriunda de uma diminuição da entropia, ou seja, da degradação de energia, e do aumento na neguentropia, que é o reaproveitamento da exergia do sistema ambiental varzeano. Portanto, as estratégias de conservação são orientadas pelo saber ambiental camponês, que estabelece modos específicos de exploração dos recursos naturais, centrados no respeito à resiliência ecossistêmica e na manutenção da autopoiese dos agroecossistemas.
Uma comparação entre dialética do conhecimento de Prado Júnior e história cognitiva de Lent: uma oposição à gnosiologia
Authors: Ormay Larissa Santiago
Published: December 2019

A perquirição sobre como pensamos e construímos conhecimento sempre foi central para a filosofia. Diversas teorias já sugeriram a influência do poder das classes dominantes e da linguagem na forma como as sociedades reproduzem ideias e conceitos injustos, ineficientes e até mesmo insustentáveis do ponto de vista ambiental e das futuras gerações. De maneira inédita e procurando atualizar o debate, este artigo se debruça sobre duas reflexões de contextos distintos acerca dessa temática. Objetiva verificar a pertinência em atribuir a um mesmo tipo de epistemologia a dialética do conhecimento e a história cognitiva, propostas, respectivamente, por Caio Prado Júnior e Jeremy Lent. A escolha em comparar as ideias dos dois autores – o primeiro com obra publicada em 1963 no Brasil e o segundo em 2017 nos Estados Unidos – se deve à semelhança de algumas de suas formulações de fundo ao mesmo tempo em que partem de perspectivas muito diferentes. Visando atingir o objetivo anunciado, este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo entre ambas as proposições. Ao final, sobressai-se que, apesar das diferenças, os dois autores denunciam vieses da gnosiologia e indicam que a abordagem mais adequada para a construção do conhecimento é aquela que contemple a interação entre sujeito e objeto do pensamento como um processo complexo, sistêmico e relacional.
Competências empreendedoras dos gestores da indústria de panificação
Authors: Avelar Aracelis Cristiane de , Stefano Silvio Roberto , Angnes Juliane Sachser
Published: December 2019

Numa diversidade de oferta tanto de produtos quanto de serviços proporcionando alterações habituais no consumo de parte considerável da população brasileira, propõe-se um estudo acerca da tendência dessas alterações, em especial no setor de alimentação, onde o problema de pesquisa envolveu uma resposta à questão: quais são as competências empreendedoras necessárias para atuação numa empresa de panificação sob a perspectiva dos gestores? Este artigo tem por objetivo principal a compreensão das competências empreendedoras dos gestores no setor de panificação. O estudo conta com uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa com base em Man, Lau e Snape (2008), legitimando o modelo no setor de panificação. Referente à técnica de pesquisa, utilizou-se entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado, apresentando nos resultados as competências empreendedoras nos gestores, porém, distintas umas das outras. As contribuições do estudo acerca do fato do empreendedor se flagrar com uma nova organização, fato que demanda competências diferenciadas para o desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade do negócio, apontam para a compreensão das competências empreendedoras dos gestores no setor de panificação quando apresentam um diferencial em relação aos seus concorrentes, principalmente na prestação de serviços.
Editorial ou carta ao leitor/do editor? estamos falando do mesmo gênero textual?
Authors: Pelizari Camila da Silva , Barros Eliana Merlin Deganutti de , Mafra Gabriela Martins
Published: December 2019

A fundamentação teórica que norteia este trabalho provém de estudos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD) realizados no grupo de pesquisa DIALE – Diálogos Linguísticos e Ensino (CNPq/UENP) –, bem como contribuições teóricas provenientes de estudos sobre o gênero textual como ‘megainstrumento’ do trabalho no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de língua.  O objetivo principal da pesquisa é responder à questão: carta ao leitor/do editor e editorial são o mesmo gênero textual ou práticas discursivas singulares? Para responder a esse questionamento, o trabalho busca respaldo na noção de modelização teórica de Barros (2012), advinda do conceito de modelo didático do ISD, para a elaboração de modelos teóricos dos dois gêneros estudados. A pesquisa enquadra-se na abordagem qualitativa, de cunho interpretativista, a partir do enquadre da Linguística Aplicada, perpassando três fases: 1) bibliográfica e exploratória; 2) análise documental; 3) analítico-interpretativa. O corpus de análise da segunda fase é formado por textos dos gêneros em foco, coletados de diferentes suportes – Jornal Folha de Londrina, Jornal O Estado de São Paulo, Revista IstoÉ, Veja, Aventuras na História, Gol, Super Interessante, Saúde, Mundo Estranho, Galileu, Todateen. Os resultados apontam a existência de dois gêneros distintos – editorial e carta ao leitor/do editor –, os quais foram modelizados, teoricamente, pela pesquisa. O intuito é contribuir com os estudos em relação à esfera jornalística e servir como instrumento de observação das potencialidades ensináveis dos gêneros pesquisados, auxiliando na elaboração de materiais didáticos.
Da convergência figurativa entre corpo e imagem
Authors: Braga Joaquim
Published: December 2019

Com este artigo são trazidas à reflexão duas temáticas que, desde longa data, animam o pensamento filosófico ocidental, a saber: a representação imagética do corpo e as suas potencialidades simbólicas discursivas. Tendo em vista a articulação conceptual de ambas, no quadro geral de uma teoria estética da sensibilidade afecta aos novos meios tecnológicos, será aqui introduzido e desenvolvido o conceito de ‘convergência figurativa’, do qual se partirá para repensar as dinâmicas emergentes da representação do corpo e as diferenças que o médium digital impõe à própria ideia de representação. Mais do que ver na relação entre médium e corpo um liame puramente contingente e ancorado, única e exclusivamente, na representação do segundo pelo primeiro, trata-se, inversamente, de mostrar como é que ambos despoletam dinâmicas estruturais de complementaridade, quer estas sejam relativas aos domínios da figuração ou aos domínios da constituição material dos processos de mediação. Porém, para que, teórica e conceptualmente, possam ser escrutinadas, tais dinâmicas exigem uma reformulação do modo como se tem habitualmente compreendido a figuração do corpo pelos media, como, por exemplo, no caso das obras pictóricas artísticas. Por outro lado, tal como acontece no universo estético da arte, a ideia de ‘convergência figurativa’ deve, também, tornar evidente as formas da sua supressão, nomeadamente aquelas que atribuem ao corpo um estatuto pós-figurativo.
Recent Advances in Underfill Materials
Authors: SUZUKI OSAMU
Published: December 2019

Invited Session on FUTURE SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGES FOR AI HARDWARE. Outline: Applications for Advanced Packaging; Global AI Computing Hardware Total Available Market (TAM); Die partitions; Defect Density; FC-BGA Families Trends; Technical Challenges of CUF; Underfills for Advanced Packaging; Severe KOZ on MCM; Bleed Out; Formulation Technique; Concerns during penetration; Chip package interaction (CPI) Challenges; and summary.
WLP TWG
Authors: Beica Rozalia , Hunt John
Published: December 2019

Invited Session on HETEROGENEOUS INTEGRATION ROADMAP - WLP TWG. Outline: WLP Technical Working Group; Our Focus Area; WLP Market Drivers; Industry Trends & Challenges; and Future work & Acknowledgments.
Harpalus (Cryptophonus) melancholicus Dejean, 1829 in Piemonte (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalini) (Italia nord-occidentale)
Authors: Allegro Gianni
Published: December 2019

Harpalus (Cryptophonus) melancholicus Dejean, 1829 viene segnalato per la prima volta in Piemonte in seguito a una cattura realizzata con trappola luminosa a luce di Wood nell’area collinare di Moncalvo (Monferrato, Asti). Il reperto è estremamente interessante poiché questa specie è quasi esclusivamente distribuita, almeno in Italia, in ambienti sabbiosi litoranei. Inoltre l’esemplare censito appartiene alla ssp. nominotipica, mentre tutte le popolazioni italiane e nord-mediterranee dovrebbero appartenere, allo stato attuale delle conoscenze, alla ssp. reicheianus Kataev, 2013.
What research for what training in psychotherapy? Some methodological issues and a proposal
Authors: Di Nuovo Santo
Published: December 2019

To define boundaries and links between research and training in psychotherapy we have to establish what kind of research is needed for this purpose. For defining psychotherapy as a science some basic epistemological premises should be affirmed and specific methods have to be devised, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, diachronic and longitudinal perspectives, cumulative and meta-analytic strategies, focusing both the techniques used in the therapies and the relationship between the therapist subject and the client subject as a core mean for produce change. What should be evaluated in this research process, what methods and techniques of assessment should be preferred, what analyses of data are suitable: these are the main issues addressed in the article, as they are useful for planning the training of a therapist as a researcher, regardless of the privileged theoretical and technical approach. Science and practice have to be connected, since they both allow the monitoring of what occurs within the confines of the therapy and favor exchange among psychotherapists from differing theoretical approaches, which also increases their external visibility in the scientific community and in a wider social context. The goal of fostering scientific attitudes in the psychotherapists needs a specific training, to acquire a research mindedness also out of the academic laboratories. A cooperation among scientific associations and institutions is proposed to reach these objectives necessary for psychotherapists’ trainings including competencies in evaluating and sharing the scientific aspects of their work.
How do personal and professional characteristics influence the development of psychotherapists in training: Results from a longitudinal study
Authors: Evers Oliver , Schröder-Pfeifer Paul , Möller Heidi , Taubner Svenja
Published: December 2019

This study examined the professional development of psychotherapy trainees over three years of training. The first objective was to investigate the long-term change of work involvement (Healing and Stressful Involvement) during psychotherapy training. The second objective was to investigate possible predictors of professional development from the areas of training context as well as professional and personal attributes of trainees. A total of 184 psychotherapy trainees with psychodynamic, psychoanalytic and cognitive behavioral orientation participated in the study. The development of work involvement was assessed over three years of training using the Work Involvement Scales. The set of possible predictors for work involvement included training context variables (training orientation, supervision), professional attributes of trainees (theoretical breadth, work satisfaction), and personal attributes of trainees (introject affiliation, attachment strategies, personality traits). Hierarchical Linear Modeling was conducted to investigate the change over time and the individual predictors of work involvement. Over three years of training Healing Involvement improved whereas Stressful Involvement did not change over time. Healing Involvement was mostly predicted by training context variables and professional attributes (therapeutic orientation, job satisfaction) as well as extraversion. Stressful Involvement was only predicted by personal attributes of trainees (age, neuroticism, conscientiousness, introject affiliation). The results imply two distinct sets of predictors for Healing and Stressful Involvement that will be discussed with regard to their implications for psychotherapy training and trainee selection.
Athletic Trainers' Concussion-Assessment and Concussion-Management Practices: An Update
Authors: Lempke Landon B. , Schmidt Julianne D. , Lynall Robert C.
Published: December 2019

Context

Athletic trainers (ATs) are often the first health care providers to conduct concussion assessments and carry out postinjury management. Best practices for concussion evaluation and management have changed rapidly in recent years, outdating previous reports of ATs' concussion practices.

Objective

To examine ATs' current concussion-assessment and -management techniques.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants

A random convenience sample of 8777 ATs (response rate = 15.0% [n = 1307]; years certified = 15.0 ± 10.6) from the National Athletic Trainers' Association membership.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Survey Web links were e-mailed to prospective participants, with 2 follow-up e-mails sent by the National Athletic Trainers' Association. The survey collected demographic information, the number of concussions assessed, the concussion-recovery patterns, and the assessment and return-to-participation (RTP) decision-making methods used.

Results

The ATs reported assessing a median of 12.0 (range = 0–218) concussions per year. A total of 95.3% (953/1000) ATs cited clinical examination as the most frequently used concussion-assessment tool, followed by symptom assessment (86.7%; 867/1000). A total of 52.7% (527/1000) ATs described a 3-domain minimum multidimensional concussion-assessment battery. Published RTP guidelines were the most common RTP decision-making tool (91.0%; 864/949), followed by clinical examination (88.2%; 837/949). The ATs with master's degrees were 1.36 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 1.81) more likely to use a 3-domain concussion-assessment battery than ATs with only bachelor's degrees (χ2 = 4.44, P = .05). Collegiate ATs were 2.12 (95% CI = 1.59, 2.84) and 1.63 (95% CI = 1.03, 2.59) times more likely to use a 3-domain concussion-assessment battery than high school and clinic-based ATs, respectively (χ2 = 26.29, P < .001).

Conclusions

Athletic trainers were using the clinical examination, standardized assessment tools, and a 3-domain concussion-assessment–battery approach more frequently in clinical practice than previously reported. However, despite practice improvements, nearly half of ATs were not using a 3-domain minimum concussion-assessment battery. Clinicians should strive to implement multidimensional concussion assessments in their practices to ensure optimal diagnosis and management.
Prevalence and clonal relatedness of NDM and OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Remya Poothakuzhiyil , Shanthi Mariappan , Sekar Uma
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Carbapenems are used for the treatment of serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Resistance to carbapenems in K. pneumoniae is mainly due to metallo-beta-lactamases (NDM, IMP, and VIM) and class D oxacillinase (OXA-48-like).

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to detect the genes encoding for carbapenemase in K. pneumoniae and to determine the clonal relatedness of selected isolates of K. pneumoniae producing NDM and OXA-48 by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method (PFGE).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The isolates were collected over a period of 1 year. A total of 370 clinically significant, nonduplicate isolates of K. pneumoniae were included in this study. Phenotypic tests for the detection of carbapenemases were performed for all the isolates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out for the detection of carbapenemase genes such as blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM,blaNDM, and blaOXA-48. PFGE was performed, and the PFGE profiles were analyzed and compared using BioNumerics version 7.6.

RESULTS: Of the 370 isolates of K. pneumoniae, carbapenemase genes were detected in 13.78% (51/370). blaOXA-48was the prevalent gene detected followed by blaNDMand blaKPC. Thirty strains of K. pneumoniae selected by PFGE analysis were divided into five clusters (A, B, C, D, and E). Cluster C was the major type detected carrying blaNDMand blaOXA-48genes.

CONCLUSION:blaOXA-48was the most prevalent gene detected in this study. PCR is useful in detecting carbapenemase genes, especially blaNDM, which may show false susceptibility to carbapenems. There was no direct correlation detected between PFGE profiles and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. PFGE has revealed the genomic diversity among isolates, thereby suggesting heterogeneity in strain circulation within intensive care unit and wards of the hospital. Monitoring and molecular typing is essential to curtail the spread of multidrug-resistant strains and control the outbreaks of infection.
Bacteriological profile and perception on hand hygiene in school-going Children
Authors: Kavitha E. , Srikumar R. , Muthu G. , Sathyapriya T.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Handwashing is the most important daily activity to keep microbial infections at a distance. Schoolchildren tend to acquire most of the infections by not following the protocol of frequent handwashing which leads to frequent illnesses and absenteeism from school on a regular basis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted by means of collecting hand swabs from 133 schoolchildren to estimate the extent of germs present. Furthermore, student's perception on hand hygiene was assessed by means of questionnaire.

RESULTS: Among the schoolchildren, majority (68.4%) of them felt washing hands is important. Almost 56.4% of students washed their hands before eating lunch, but only 64.7% of them used soaps for cleaning their hands. Furthermore, hand swabs of 133 schoolchildren showed the growth of potential pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus faecalis.

CONCLUSIONS: Hands of schoolchildren were found to be contaminated and measures to inculcate the habit of frequent handwashing with soap are essential.