bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image super‐resolution reconstruction based on implicit image functions
Authors: Lin Hai , Yang JunJie
Published: May 2024

Image super‐resolution (SR) reconstruction is a key technique for improving image quality and details. Conventional methods are frequently limited by interpolation, filtering, or statistical approaches; thus, they are unable to reconstruct high‐quality continuously enlarged images with detailed information. This study proposes an image SR reconstruction network model, called LALNet, based on implicit image functions and residual multilayered perceptron (RAMLP) with an attention mechanism. Through the implicit image function and RAMLP + attention, high‐quality SR reconstruction with continuous scale factors is achieved, and LALNets can run on embedded edge computing platforms. This method exhibits the following advantages: lightweight network structure reduces computing requirements, introduction of implicit image functions and RAMLP improves reconstruction quality, and attention mechanism suppresses artefacts and distortions. Experimental results show that LALNet outperforms traditional and other deep learning methods in terms of reconstruction performance and computational efficiency. This research provides new ideas and methods for the further development of the field of image SR reconstruction.
Securing smart cities through machine learning: A honeypot‐driven approach to attack detection in Internet of Things ecosystems
Authors: Ahmed Yussuf , Beyioku Kehinde , Yousefi Mehdi
Published: May 2024

The rapid increase and adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices have introduced unprecedented conveniences into modern life. However, this growth has also ushered in a wave of cyberattacks targeting these often‐vulnerable systems. Smart cities, relying on interconnected sensors, are particularly susceptible to attacks due to the expanded entry points created by these devices. A security breach in such systems can compromise personal data and disrupt entire ecosystems. Traditional security measures are inadequate against the evolving sophistication of cyberattacks. The authors aim to address these challenges by leveraging honeypot data and machine learning to enhance IoT security. The research focuses on three objectives: identifying datasets from IoT‐targeted honeypots, evaluating machine learning algorithms for threat detection, and proposing comprehensive security solutions. Real‐world cyber‐attack datasets from diverse honeypots simulating IoT devices are analysed using various machine learning and neural network algorithms. Results demonstrate significant improvement in cyber‐attack detection and mitigation when integrating honeypot data into IoT security frameworks. The authors advance knowledge and provides practical insights for implementing robust security measures in diverse IoT applications, filling a crucial research gap.
The spread of the intensive agricultural model by agro-suppliers in Algeria: implications for citrus small family farms and their adaptations
Authors: Boudedja Karima , Ameur Fatah , Bouzid Amel , Belhadi Aissa
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate how small family farms, lacking direct support from advisory services, cope with challenges including access constraints to resources, and enhance their resilience. Investigations conducted in the wilaya of Blida, Algeria, through surveys of 17 input suppliers and citrus growers, revealed how the institutional context, particularly that of private agricultural 241 advisory, incentivizes farms to adopt hyper-intensive agriculture by using more agro-chemicals. Indeed, the arrival of input suppliers into the agricultural advisory landscape has resulted in socio-economic differentiation between farms, with small and most vulnerable farms resisting these intensive models. The results show that even if these small farms face difficulties in existing in the face of the big ones supported by the institutional environment, particularly the private sector, resilience factors have been identified that enable these farms to resist to the steamroller of the intensive model: solidarity between small family farms, pluriactivity, and taking advantage of some state support measures and the public-private partnership of farm advisory services.
Effect of Molarity of Sodium Hydroxide Solution Over GGBS-based Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Ganesh A. Chithambar , Kumar S. Pream , Raghavi S.R. , Sankar K. Vijay , Vanjinathan U. , Kannan R.
Published: May 2024

Applications of geopolymer concrete are increasing at a faster rate globally and are actively replacing cement concrete in all its facets. Regarding this, the advancement of, self-compacting geopolymer concrete is inevitable. The present study deals with the investigation of the effect of the molarity of sodium hydroxide solution that is to be used as part of an alkaline solution, over self-compacting and hardened properties of geopolymer concrete. Ground granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is used as precursor material; hence, ambient curing is adopted. The alkaline activator solution is a combination of silicate solution and hydroxide based on sodium. In this work, the hydroxide solution’s molarity is varied to 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18. Self-compacting properties are investigated through spread flow, T-50, V-funnel test, and L-box. The compressive strength of the hardened concrete is investigated over 7 and 28 days. Further water absorption test was also assessed in this investigation to determine the basic durability. All the specimens with different molarities exhibited fair self-compacting properties. Further optimum molarity required for the synthesis of self-compacting geopolymer concrete with fair compressive strength and excellent reduced water absorption capability is determined. The findings of this work tend to augment significant contributions to the geopolymer concrete in the facets of self-compacting nature.
Seismic Parametric Analysis of RC Multi-Storied Buildings with and Without Fluid Viscous Dampers
Authors: Hussain Danish , Shukla Ashish , Bansal Sunita , Gupta Nakul , Venkat Charyulu S. , Jose Sujin , Jain Alok , Parmar Ashish , Salman Laith Zahraa N.
Published: May 2024

Earthquakes are enormous natural disasters that increase the energy within the structural system, causing catastrophic destruction. Various control systems, such as passive, active, hybrid, and semi active control systems, can be used to dissipate this unwanted energy. The fluid viscous damper is one such dissipation device used in this study. The goal of this project is to use a fluid viscous damper to lessen the seismic response of the Symmetrical and unsymmetrical G+9 structure in ETABS2017. To obtain the seismic response with and without a fluid viscous damper, ETABS2017 was used to analyse symmetrical and unsymmetrical structures with and without a fluid viscous damper. The analysis takes into account nonlinear temporal history, which is derived using fast nonlinear analysis of Electro data. The position and function of dampers are discussed in this study. For seismic evaluation of buildings with and without fluid viscous dampers, the equivalent static approach and response spectrum method are utilised. The structure was examined utilizing ETABs 2017 programming, with seismic zone IV and medium soil (Type II) according to IS 1893-2016. The structure’s exhibition is assessed utilizing story removal, story shear, story float, and modular periods and frequencies. The objective of this study is to about the consequences of static and reaction range examination in both longitudinal and cross over bearings for damper development with and without damper structure.
Experimental investigation on utilization of substitute building materials in concrete using neural networks
Authors: Kumar V Prem , P Manikandan , Indu Matasugur , Thanusha Gutthi Reddy , Mounikareddy Kesamareddy , Sameer Basha Khodgaad , Madhusudhan Komera
Published: May 2024

The replacement of cement with sugarcane bagasse ash in concrete is considered due to its rich properties of projecting pozzolanic activity. The availability of aggregates is becoming scarce as a result of the non-renewable characteristic of fine and coarse aggregates. The construction waste end products like demolishing waste also cause the problem of improper disposal. Hence a majority of the construction industries have preferred the usage of construction and demolition (C&D) waste as a replacement for coarse aggregate. Substitution of coarse aggregates by construction and demolition waste and fine aggregates by iron slag ash is considered. The Taguchi method is adopted for the determination of mix combinations. This paper focuses on determining the properties of concrete having pozzolanic properties by replacing the cement with sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), coarse aggregate with demolished building waste (DBW), and Fine aggregate with iron slag ash (ISA). The experimental investigation proved that SBA, DBW and ISA have a potential sign to be used as an alternative sustainable building material. From the comparative analysis of experimental results with ANN, it is revealed that the concrete show an acceptable prediction of physical and strength properties.
Advancements in Concrete Performance by Using Waste materials in the Mixture
Authors: Hamza Laeth H.J. , D Ramesh Kumar , Parmar Ashish , Arora Sethi Vandana , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Chandrashekar Rakesh , Aswini S.
Published: May 2024

There have been serious research advancements in concrete materials to make construction more sustainable. Specifically, this is true with regard to alternative ingredients used for self-compacting concrete (SCC) production. To improve its sustainability, this study is aimed at adding Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregate (FRCA) and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) into SCC. Crushed and reclaimed asphalt (RCA), on the other hand, has many benefits including lower environmental impact and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, there are several issues associated with contractors’ knowledge among others being variations in their properties. It’s also known that FRCA can imbibe water faster; hence, mineral admixtures may be introduced to further enhance mechanical behaviour of the concrete. Fly ash and geopolymer synthesis are examples of waste products from industry as well as by-products of coal combustion which are useful in making green concretes. The best results would be achieved if fly ash, a popular Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) that reduces Ordinary Portland Cement’s (OPC’s) need is divided according to its oxide content. In order for geopolymers to become an alternative for cement making materials such as aluminosilicate source or alkali reactants are applied. Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) enhances performance of concrete even more with strain-hardening properties, especially in terms of durability and tensile capacity. On the whole, manufacturing concrete from recycled and industrial waste products is cost effective and environmentally beneficial. These materials can be maximized if prope performance-driven design strategies and contemporary waste management systems are put into place. This paper emphasizes how essential and crucial it is to incorporate sustainable methods in the production of concrete to create a more environment friendly construction industry.
Understanding Sustainable Alternatives for Industrial Waste Apart from Landfills
Authors: Veena Ch. , R J Anandhi , Jose Asha , Singla Atul , Arora Sethi Vandana , Al-Farouni Mohammed , Parmar Ashish
Published: May 2024

This study explores innovative methods and technologies that promote efficiency and environmental stewardship in the handling of industrial waste, providing sustainable alternatives to disposal solutions. Waste from various manufacturing techniques, both commercial and municipal, creates very demanding conditions due to its volume and impact on the environment. This study looks at recycling techniques, bio electrochemical systems, smart waste monitoring systems helped by IoT and advanced computing, and sustainable waste management practices in addition to the 3R concept (reduce, reuse, recycle). The paper also identifies the detrimental effects of conventional disposal methods. The studies demonstrate how sustainable-practice integration can lead to significant waste reduction, resource conservation, and environmental safety in many global contexts and industries. This review promotes the implementation of sustainable waste control techniques across all sectors to lessen the negative effects of commercial waste by analyzing different techniques and their results. It does this by highlighting the scalability and value of these strategies.
An Experimental Investigation of Glass Cullet as a Material to Partially Replace Fine Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: S Manishankar , S Soundharya M. , A M Sivalingam , K Vidhya
Published: May 2024

The concrete industry is a major user of natural resources, which puts its sustainability in jeopardy. Considering this, this work explores how to partially replace fine aggregates in concrete production with waste glass cullets, thus addressing economic problems. With an emphasis on the M-20 mix, several weight percentages of leftover glass cullet—0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%—were used in place of fine aggregates. To assess the effectiveness of the replacement, these outcomes were then compared to those of traditional concrete. The results of this investigation validate the feasibility ofadding leftover glass cullet to replace some of the fine aggregates, up to 30% of the total weight, in the 0-1.18 mm particle size range. This not only highlights the possibility for resource optimization and waste minimization in construction procedures, but it also provides a workable answer to the sustainability issues facing the concrete sector. Stakeholders can transition to a more economically and environmentally viable paradigm in the manufacture of concrete by adopting such creative ideas. Furthermore, this study adds to the expanding corpus of studies supporting environmentally friendly building methods. It opens the door for more widespread adoption of environmentally friendly practices and promotes a more robust and environmentally friendly built environment by showcasing the viability and advantages of using waste materials in the concrete production process.
Experimental Investigation and CFD Analysis of Wind Turbine Blades with Different Attack Angles
Authors: S Balakrishnan , M Manikandan , M A Omprakas , D G Giri , V V Aravind Kumar , Prasanth S Arun , Vignesh S L Arul
Published: May 2024

The escalating global demand for energy coupled with escalating environmental concerns has underscored the imperative of efficacious energy conversion from renewable reservoirs. Among these, wind energy has ascended as a pragmatic and ecologically conscientious solution. Its ascent, outpacing conventional fuels such as coal, underscores the necessity to comprehend its performance intricately. This study zeroes in on an airfoil model, subjecting it to a dual scrutiny encompassing empirical investigation and computational simulation. Employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses executed in ANSYS software, the study prognosticates pressure and velocity patterns for the 2D iteration of the Model 1 airfoil by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). This exhaustive scrutiny spans across velocities of 10 m/s and diverse angles of attack (-5°, 2°, and 8°). Remarkably, a robust 90% correlation manifests between the outcomes of empirical experimentation and computational simulation. Within the aerodynamic schema of the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT), the 8° angle of attack emerges as the vanguard, distinctly illustrating the pinnacle of optimal pressure distribution and velocity gradient. Noteworthy is the consistent augment in airfoil performance as the blade angle escalates, substantiated by elevated apex velocities and pressures in juxtaposition to the -5° and 2° angles. The findings of this inquiry engender a significant stride in airfoil refinement for the optimization of wind turbine blades, thereby conferring invaluable insights in the realms of blade design, aerodynamic contemplations, and the augmentation of wind turbine performance.
Eco-Friendly Waste Management: A Segregation and Composting System for Domestic Use
Authors: R Arjunraj , Nishanth M A Ancelin , Mahiban J Niji Jeba , G Vishwanath , E Santhosh
Published: May 2024

The proper disposal of home garbage has recently emerged as a pressing issue on a global scale. Also, the city government has been trying to get people to separate their dry and moist trash. But there is still a problem with trash management and a big domestic population that isn’t helping out. This paper details the process of creating a waste management system that separates organic kitchen trash into dry and moist categories. Both models are part of the proposed system: The first step is to design a bin that can separate dry and moist trash. Additionally, a composting facility is showcased for the purpose of transforming organic waste into compost. Twenty homes’ worth of garbage was fed into the suggested model, and the results show promise for trash segregation and composting.
Analysis and Design of an Unsymmetrical Multi-storey building with floating columns in a seismic zone using ETABS
Authors: Prakash Akula , Kamala Raju Y. , Krishna Munipally Sai , Shiva Nayak Pathlavath , Al-Attab Kassem
Published: May 2024

Most high-rise structures today are designed with floating columns for aesthetic purposes and the need for efficient use of space. Lattice columns are vertical load-bearing elements that do not extend the entire height of the building, they are usually located on one or more intermediate floors and support beams. These design innovations have benefits such as increased architecture and space allocation. Loads include load and side load. Heavy loads, including dead loads and live loads, are evaluated to determine the overall load distribution. Lateral loads resulting from earthquakes and wind forces are calculated based on local building codes. In seismic design, multistorey buildings with floating columns are analysed at different levels on curved planes to determine safe floating column locations. Structures can be analysed with symmetric information and dynamic analysis methods such as response spectrum or potential time. Preliminary analysis and equivalent static analysis using ETABS 2022. A 3D structural model was created to accurately represent the geometry of the building and its behavior under different load combinations was used to compare the building's response to seismic forces. The result is the behavior of the structure: shear strength, bending moment, deflection, and displacement. The results are obtained in the form of tables and graphs. The structures were built with M30 concrete and various types of steel. Reinforcement spacing and detailing is done in CSI Detail.
Design of auto adjustable CPR assistive device for non-expertise usability scenarios
Authors: Paul Jis , Abraham  , K Davis Divin , Sebastian Shinu , Kurian Edwin , M Akshaya
Published: May 2024

The proposal introduces a frugal device designed to optimize cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedures, offering a promising solution to enhance emergency medical care. In CPR, maintaining adequate chest compressions is crucial for sustaining blood circulation and oxygen supply to vital organs until professional medical help arrives. The proposed device addresses this challenge by continuously monitoring the pressure of chest compressions. When the pressure exceeds a preset threshold, the device automatically triggers the deflation of an airbag, thereby damping excess pressure and ensuring compression levels remain within the optimal range. This innovative approach not only improves the effectiveness of CPR delivery but also mitigates the risk of injury to the patient, as excessive compression force can cause rib fractures or other complications. By providing real-time feedback and assistance during CPR, the device has the potential to enhance the quality of care delivered by both trained professionals and lay rescuers, ultimately improving patient outcomes in emergency situations. Overall, the development of this frugal device represents a significant advancement in emergency medical technology,offering a cost- effective and accessible solution to optimize CPR procedures and save lives.
Evaluation of the impact of the 137Cs supply from rivers to coastal waters off Fukushima on the 137Cs behavior in seabed sediment
Authors: Ikenoue T. , Nakanishi T. , Shimadera H. , Kawamura H. , Kondo A.
Published: May 2024

The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) caused a radioactive contamination in seabed sediment. The 137Cs supply from rivers could be an important process for the long-term behavior of 137Cs in seabed sediment. In this study, a ten-year simulation of the 137Cs behavior in seabed sediment was conducted using an oceanic dispersion model combined with a prediction model of 137Cs behavior in land and river. In the waters north of FDNPP, the simulation results suggested that the 137Cs supply from rivers had a great impact on the concentrations in coastal sediment due to the initial low concentrations in seabed sediment and the large supply of 137Cs from rivers. In the waters near FDNPP and south of FDNPP, the simulation results suggested that the impact of the 137Cs supply on the temporal variation of 137Cs concentration in coastal sediment was relatively small due to the large initial adsorption from seawater. Overall, these results indicated that 137Cs supply from rivers had an impact on the spatiotemporal distribution of 137Cs concentrations in seabed sediment on a decadal time scale and the impact was especially great in the waters north of FDNPP.
Sustainable Infrastructure Development in Indonesia: A Quantitative Evaluation of CO2 Emission Reduction from Fly Ash-Cement Substitution in Ready-Mix Concrete
Authors: Lailatul Rohmah Rizka
Published: May 2024

The construction industry is a major contributor to global CO2 emissions, particularly through Portland cement production. In Indonesia, the utilization of fly ash in ready-mix concrete presents a promising approach to sustainable construction. This strategy aligns infrastructure development with environmental objectives by potentially reducing emissions and supporting global climate change mitigation efforts. This study investigates the environmental impact of incorporating fly ash into ready-mix concrete employed for the Yogyakarta-Bawen toll road project, with a specific focus on CO2 emission reduction. Recognizing the critical role of sustainable construction practices in addressing climate change, this research aims to quantify the environmental benefits of substituting 40% of Portland cement with fly ash in FC 30 MPa ready-mix concrete. A comprehensive analysis revealed an 18% decrease in emissions associated with coarse aggregate and a 55% decrease from cement, despite a marginal increase from fine aggregate. Overall, this method achieved a significant 47% reduction in total CO2 emissions, demonstrating the effectiveness of fly ash in enhancing the sustainability of construction materials. This substantial reduction underscores the potential of fly ash integration as a key strategy for mitigating the environmental impact of large-scale infrastructure projects.
Effects of Ammonia (NH3) on Flame Characteristics of Methane (CH4) External Premixed Combustion
Authors: Anggono Willyanto , Christian Hernando Ivan , Soegihardjo Oegik , Waskito Chandra , Ronaldo Ferdinand
Published: May 2024

Methane has long been proposed as an alternative to heavy hydrocarbon fuels due to its low carbon content. However, considering the effect of climate change and the need to transition to zero-carbon, ammonia has recently gained popularity as a sustainable fuel. Nevertheless, previous studies have highlighted the poor combustion of ammonia and the need to blend it with other fuels like methane. As such, this study looks for parameters from the results of the fire of external combustion of premixed methane-ammonia gas. The study was conducted by burning stoichiometry first and then using a volume ratio as the content of the methane-ammonia mixture (ammonia concentration used 0-50%). The gas that comes out of the gas cylinder was adjusted in pressure and flow before mixing and then flowed into the burner to be combusted. The flame propagating from the burner was recorded in a high-speed camera and was used to define the combustion characteristics such as the flame height, flame angle, and dimensionless flame height. The higher concentration of ammonia in the fuel mixture was found to shorten the flame height and dimensionless flame height, while the flame angle became wider.
Discussion of ABC7 Consensus and German Recommendations
Authors: Untch Michael , Ditsch Nina , Fasching Peter A. , Busch Steffi , Ettl Johannes , Haidinger Renate , Harbeck Nadia , Jackisch Christian , Lüftner Diana , Müller Lothar , Ruckhäberle Eugen , Schumacher-Wulf Eva , Thomssen Christoph , Wuerstlein Rachel , Müller Volkmar
Published: May 2024

The rationale behind the “International Consensus Conference for Advanced Breast Cancer” (ABC) is to standardize the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer worldwide using an evidence-based approach. The aim is also to ensure that patients in all countries receive adequate treatment based on current treatment recommendations and standards. The 7th International Consensus Conference on Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC7) took place from November 9 to 12, 2023 in Lisbon/Portugal. ABC7 focused on metastatic disease as well as on locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer. Special topics included the treatment of oligometastatic patients, leptomeningeal disease, treatment of brain metastases, and pregnant women with ABC. As in previous years, patient advocates from all over the world participated in the consensus conference and were involved in decision making.
Neue Empfehlungen zur Schwerverletzten-Versorgung: die Novellierung der S3-Leitlinie Polytrauma/Schwerverletzten-Behandlung
Authors: Benning Dominik , Hackenberg Lisa , Pavlu Florian , Weber Wolfgang , Franke Axel , Kollig Erwin , Bieler Dan
Published: May 2024

The third revision of the S3 guideline on polytrauma/severe injury treatment was conducted
under the leadership of the German Society for Trauma Surgery (DGU) by a total of 26
scientific medical professional societies and organizations. It represents a comprehensive
update of the recommendations for the care of severely injured patients, based on new
scientific findings and studies. The guideline comprises 332 core recommendations with varying
levels of recommendation and corresponding explanations, which consider expert knowledge and
over 2400 cited references, thus meeting the highest level (S3) of guideline quality. The
changes, particularly regarding trauma team activation, are of particular importance to
emergency medical services. Two new chapters with recommendations for haemorrhage control and
pain management in pre-hospital care have been added. Overall, the guideline remains an
important standard for decision-making in the diagnosis and treatment of severely injured
patients.
Kardiovaskuläre MRT in der Bewertung von Kardiomyopathien – ein aktueller Überblick
Authors: Friedrich Matthias
Published: May 2024

Dieser Artikel beschreibt den klinischen Nutzen der kardiovaskulären Magnetresonanztomografie (Kardio-MRT) bei Patienten mit Kardiomyopathien. Die Kardio-MRT hat sich aufgrund ihrer hohen räumlichen Auflösung, 3-D-Fähigkeiten und der Abwesenheit ionisierender Strahlung als unverzichtbares Werkzeug bei der Beurteilung von Kardiomyopathien erwiesen und ist besonders geeignet für Diagnose und Management. Sie wird in Richtlinien für ihre Präzision bei der Diagnose und Differenzierung verschiedener Formen von Kardiomyopathien anerkannt und zur Beurteilung von Ventrikelvolumen, -masse und -funktion verwendet. MRT-Techniken wie T1- und T2-Mapping, Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) und Protonenspektroskopie bieten Einblicke in akute und chronische Myokardschäden. Ihre Rolle bei der Risikostratifizierung wird durch die Korrelation von LGE-Präsenz und -Ausmaß mit dem Risiko schwerwiegender Komplikationen hervorgehoben. Die Entwicklung von hochauflösender Bildgebung, 4-D-Flow und
künstlicher Intelligenz erweitert weiterhin ihr diagnostisches Potenzial. Insbesondere die akute Myokarditis, eine diagnostisch herausfordernde Erkrankung, profitiert von der nicht invasiven und inzwischen auch kontrastmittelfreien Visualisierung von Myokardödem und Nekrose durch die MRT.

Der Artikel beschreibt den spezifischen Nutzen der Kardio-MRT, insbesondere für die quantitative Beurteilung der Funktion und nicht invasive Charakterisierung des Myokardgewebes bei dilatativer Kardiomyopathie, hypertropher Kardiomyopathie, kardialer Amyloidose, Morbus Fabry, Eisenüberladung und Sarkoidose sowie stressinduzierter Kardiomyopathie und arrhythmogener ventrikulärer Kardiomyopathie. Auch neue MRT-Techniken und künstliche Intelligenz zur verbesserten Diagnose und Risikostratifizierung werden diskutiert.
Auswirkungen der positiven Überdruckbeatmung auf die Lungenkapazität bei Militärpiloten – eine systematische Literaturübersicht
Authors: Sammito Stefan , Post Janina
Published: May 2024

In modernen Kampfflugzeugen wird der Pilot im Rahmen von Anti-G-Maßnahmen durch eine Überdruckbeatmung (PBG, Positive Pressure Breathing for G-Protection) hohen Beatmungsdrücken von bis zu 70 mmHg ausgesetzt. Wenngleich die positiven Effekte der PBG auf die G-Toleranz von (Kampfjet-)Piloten gut untersucht sind, gibt es keine aktuelle Übersicht über die Folgen dieser an sich unphysiologischen Beatmungsdrücke. Die vorliegende Literaturübersicht hat daher das Ziel, den aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Sachstand zu den kurz- wie auch langfristigen Folgen der PBG auf den Piloten in modernen Kampfflugzeugen zusammenzufassen. Soweit die wenigen Studien dies zulassen, scheint der Effekt einer assistierten bzw. nicht assistierten Überdruckbeatmung sich positiv auf die Leistungssteigerung auszuwirken, während in den vorliegenden Studien keine nennenswerten akuten und/oder längeren unerwünschten Effekte, teilweise aber auf Basis kleiner Kollektive, zu erkennen war.
Clinical Research Primer for Medical Students: Overview and Illustrative Experiences
Authors: Evans Alexander R. , Stephens Tressie , Jea Andrew H. , Bauer Andrew M. , Dunn Ian F. , Graffeo Christopher S.
Published: May 2024

Background The ability to participate in clinical scholarship is a foundational component of modern evidence-based medical practice, empowering improvement across essentially every aspect of clinical care. In tandem, the need for comprehensive exposure to clinical research has been identified as a critical component of medical student training and preparation for residency that is underserved by traditional undergraduate medical education models. The goal of the current work was to provide guidelines and recommendations to assist novice medical students in taking ownership of their research education.

Methods The Clinical Research Primer was composed from pooled research documents compiled by the study authors and our institutional neurosurgery student research group. The Primer was then structured as the natural evolution of a research project from its inception through the submission process.

Results We divided the foundational components of the Clinical Research Primer into seven domains, each representing a landmark in the development of a peer-reviewed study, and a set of skills critical for junior scholars to develop. These vital components included the following: pitching and designing clinical studies, developing a research workflow, navigating the Institutional Review Board, data collection and analysis, manuscript writing and editing, submission mechanics, and tracking research projects for career development.

Conclusion We anticipate that the tools included in the Clinical Research Primer will increase student research productivity and preparedness for residency. Although our recommendations are informed by our experiences within neurosurgery, they have been written in a manner that should generalize to almost any field of clinical study.
Validation of a Portable Respiratory Monitoring System for the Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Crossectional Study
Authors: Silva Marcus Vinicius F.P. , Lustosa Thais Clementino , Lins-Filho Ozeas Lima , Clímaco Danielle Cristina Silva , Patriota Tarcya Couto , Magalhães Jessica Amorim , Queiroga Fernando , Cabral Marilia Montenegro , Medeiros Ana Kelley , Neto Luiz Oliveira , Rodrigues Valesca Kehrle , Drager Luciano F. , Pedrosa Rodrigo Pinto
Published: May 2024

Introduction Portable respiratory monitoring (PM) has been used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the general population. However, its validation in patients with both OSA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), remains unclear.

Objective The aim of the study was to validate PM for the diagnosis of OSA in patients with COPD.

Materials and Methods In this crossectional study, COPD patients were submitted simultaneously to polysomnography (PSG) and PM. Moreover, the risk for OSA was verified by the Berlin, NoSAS, and STOP-BANG questionnaires. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for PM were calculated for the cutoff points of the hypopnea apnea index (AHI) of 5, 15, and 30 events/hour, as well as for the questionnaires. The Bland-Altman test and correlation analyses between the AHI of the PSG and PM were performed.

Results A total of 103 patients were evaluated (age 67.5 ± 9.9 years, 60% men). The STOP-BANG questionnaire had the highest sensitivity for OSA diagnosis, at 94.4% (72.7–99.9%). The sensitivity of PM decreased (87.0, 66.7, and 44.4%), and the specificity increased 40.0, 78.6, and 100.0%) as the AHI cutoff point increased from 5, 15, and 30. The Bland-Altman test indicated good limits of agreement (AHI = 5.5 ± 11.7 events/hour). Therefore, the AHI results of the PM showed a strong and positive correlation with those of the PSG (r = 0.70, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion The PM test can be a useful tool for OSA diagnosis in patients with COPD.
Periventricular Heterotopias: Neuroependymal Abnormalities
Authors: Costanza Giuseppe , Fichera Valeria , Zanghì Antonio , Polizzi Agata , Falsaperla Raffaele , Vecchio Michele , Palmucci Stefano , Belfiore Giuseppe , David Emanuele , Praticò Andrea D.
Published: May 2024

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a group of malformation of cortical development characterized by ectopic neuronal nodules, located along the lateral ventricles. Magnetic resonance imaging can identify gray matter nodules located in wall of ventricles, which appear as island having the same signal of gray matter within white matter. The symptomatological spectrum is various, but the most common clinical presentation is with epileptic seizures, often a drug-resistant type. Features as severity, age of presentation, and associated malformations depend on the underlying etiology. From a genetic point of view, FLNA1 and ERMARD are acknowledged to be the main target of mutations that cause PVNH, although recently many other genes have shown a clear pathogenetic involvement. PVNH may manifest as a solitary discovery in brain imaging or present in conjunction with various other brain or systemic abnormalities. The diagnosis of PVNH is mainly carried out with electroneurophysiological and neuroimaging examinations, while the etiological diagnosis is made with genetic investigations. Treatment consists of use of anticonvulsant drugs, but no significant difference exists among them. In addition, frequently, PVNH-related seizures show poor response to drug, leading to requirement for surgical treatment, performed taking advantages from stereotactic ablative techniques that have a meaningful impact on surgical outcome.
What Is Working for Practitioners: A Mixed Method Analysis Using the Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool
Authors: Cardon Teresa , Griffith Annette K. , Koutsoftas Anthony D. , Rieken Chrystal Jansz , Eaton Angeline
Published: May 2024

Interprofessional practice (IPP) is thought to increase coordination of care and provide numerous benefits for clients and practitioners. While the importance of interprofessional education and practice has been emphasized in the literature and by numerous organizations including the World Health Organization, understanding what is working for practitioners is still elusive. Using the World Health Organization's framework regarding IPP and the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) guidelines and competencies, this research attempted to identify what is working for practitioners when it comes to IPP and where opportunities for growth are still evident. The Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool was distributed to practitioners across disciplines, with a focus on speech-language pathologists and behavior analysts, and both qualitative and quantitative measures were analyzed to determine what reported IPP strategies are in use. Results indicated that practitioners are more similar than they are different when it comes to what is working with regard to the IPEC competencies (i.e., values/ethics for interprofessional practice, roles/responsibilities, interprofessional communication, and teams and teamwork) and where change is needed. Discussion and suggestions relevant to clinical practice were identified and a call for development of IPP training across and within disciplines based on IPEC competencies is recommended.
Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children with Gastroschisis: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Rundell Maddie R. , Bailey Rachel A. , Wagner Amy J. , Warner Barbara B. , Miller Lauren E.
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate and present a review of the literature on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with gastroschisis. Gastroschisis is the most common abdominal wall defect. Children with gastroschisis are at high risk for premature birth, intestinal failure, sepsis, and repeated anesthesia exposure, which collectively increase the risk for adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The existing literature on neurodevelopmental outcomes is limited in number, quality, and generalizability, creating a gap in clinical knowledge and care. Five internet databases were searched by a professional research librarian: Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Included articles were (1) published in English, (2) included postneonatal hospital discharge neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with gastroschisis, and (3) included patients under the age of 18 years. No date parameters were applied. The paucity of literature on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in gastroschisis children has left large gaps in the body of knowledge on post-hospital care of such children. In this review, 37 articles were found evaluating neurodevelopmental outcomes in gastroschisis and, while conclusions were contradictory, the literature broadly indicated the potential for neurodevelopmental deficits in the gastroschisis pediatric population. A significant limitation of this review was the heterogeneous samples included in available literature, which confounded the ability to determine cognitive risk of gastroschisis independent of other abdominal wall defects. Findings of this review demonstrate potential risk for neurodevelopmental deficits in the pediatric gastroschisis population exist, yet additional research is needed to definitively predict the significance, type, onset, and trajectory of neurodevelopmental impairment in this population. The significant gaps in long-term outcomes data have elucidated the need for prospective, longitudinal investigation of various cognitive domains in homogenous gastroschisis populations to properly evaluate prevalence of neurodevelopmental deficits and guide recommendations for long-term clinical care.

Key Points
When is grassroots lobbying effective? The case of the e-petitions at the national level in the UK
Authors: Olejnik Maciej
Published: May 2024

The article examines the effectiveness of one technique of grassroots lobbying (e-petitions) in the UK through the prism of: (1) the claim that the goal of lobbying activity (the change versus protection of the status quo policy) is a great predictor of lobbying’s outcome; (2) the signalling theory; (3) the amended version of the economic theory of political information. In the paper, I studied the petitions signed by at least 10,000 citizens submitted to the House of Commons during the 57th Parliament of the UK (2017–2019) and analysed their effectiveness. I also measured the petitions’ issue salience for the ruling party (the Conservative Party) from the perspective of the analysed theories. The research results indicate the following: (1) e-petitions aiming to defend the status quo policy were considerably more effective than the ones striving to change it; (2) the scale of e-petition’s endorsement was not a crucial factor in determining the authorities’ decision, contradicting the assumption of the signalling theory; (3) moderately and highly popular lower salience issue e-petitions showed equal ineffectiveness. On the other hand, greatly popular higher salience issue e-petitions supported by the ruling party were less effective than their less popular counterparts. Conversely, e-petitions on higher salience issues opposed by the ruling party, whether moderately or widely endorsed by the public, exhibited equal ineffectiveness. These results mean that the economic theory of political information only partially explains the effectiveness of grassroots lobbying (i.e. in the last case). In conclusion, e-petitions represent a relatively efficient grassroots lobbying technique for influencing authorities in the UK, with approximately one in five being considered effective.
The Loci of Power and Connection: a framework for exploring the democratic relationships of civil society organisations
Authors: Riboldi Mark
Published: May 2024

This article constructs a framework for understanding the activities of interest groups and other civil society organisations (CSOs) in relation to their democratic connections with people and communities. This is achieved by considering whether CSOs engage with people in terms of decision-making in a manner that is centralised or decentralised, counterposed with the nature of the connection, be it relational or transactional. The resulting LOPAC (Loci of Power and Connection) framework highlights four types of CSO activity, each of which has potential democratic utility and drawbacks: (1) Bare Essentials—decentralised engagement, transactional connection; (2) Crowd Control—centralised engagement, transactional connection; (3) Honeycomb—decentralised engagement, relational connection; and (4) Closed Doors—centralised engagement, relational connection. The framework is connected to key discussions within the literature, in particular around the legitimacy of CSOs, how CSOs act as transmission belts for citizens’ interests to reach those in power, and the ongoing professionalisation of the sector. The framework aims to assist scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to understand the democratic implications of the complex decisions that CSOs make on a day-to-day basis. Furthermore, the framework aids in understanding what areas CSOs can focus on when they find that their modes of engagement are inadvertently having impacts contrary to their democratic aims.
How voting rules impact legitimacy
Authors: Hausladen Carina I. , Hänggli Fricker Regula , Helbing Dirk , Kunz Renato , Wang Junling , Pournaras Evangelos
Published: May 2024

Collective action is essential for addressing the grand challenges of our time. However, for such action to be successful, decision-making processes must be perceived as legitimate. In this study, we investigate the legitimacy of different voting methods. Using a pre-registered human subject experiment, 120 participants cast their votes using four voting methods: majority voting, combined approval voting, range voting, and the modified Borda count. These methods represent a range of preference elicitation designs, from low to high complexity and flexibility. Furthermore, we developed a legitimacy scale upon which the participants rate the voting methods. The experiment was conducted in a non-political setting (voting on color preferences) and a political context (voting on COVID-19-related questions). Our findings suggest that the perceived legitimacy of a voting method is context-dependent. Specifically, preferential voting methods are seen as more legitimate than majority voting in a political decision-making situation, but only for individuals with well-defined preferences. Furthermore, preferential voting methods are more legitimate than majority voting in a highly polarized situation.
How does the circular economy achieve social change? Assessment in terms of sustainable development goals
Authors: Gallardo-Vázquez Dolores , Scarpellini Sabina , Aranda-Usón Alfonso , Fernández-Bandera Carlos
Published: May 2024

Achieving sustainable development is today a basic premise for all companies and governments. The 2030 Agenda has outlined an action plan focused on all areas and interest groups. Achieving economic growth and technological progress, social development, peace, justice, environmental protection, inclusion and prosperity represent the main areas to achieve social change. Furthermore, the circular economy is capable of improving the efficiency of products and resources, and can contribute to this social change, but there is a gap in the literature regarding whether the orientation of the companies in their circular economy strategy can lead to the achievement of the sustainable development goals. The objective of this study is to develop an initial circular economy-sustainable development goals (CE-SDGs) framework that considers the circular economy as the precedent and sustainable development goals as a consequence of implementing a circular economy. With respect to the methodology, the literature linking the relationship between the circular economy and sustainable development goals was reviewed first. A Structural Equation Model with the Partial Least Squares technique was also employed, analyzing two complementary models in enterprises involved in the Social Economy in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura (Spain). Regarding the results obtained, a link has been observed between professional profiles and training in people-oriented activities. The same does not occur for activities oriented toward the planet. Moreover, the existence of corporate reports that obtain data on circular activities is crucial to achieving orientation toward the sustainable development goals, for activities oriented toward both people and the planet. Finally, the results confirm that the existence of barriers and incentives determines the observed results, being aware that the lack of specialized training in human resources always has a significant incidence. Using resource and capability and dynamic capabilities theories, this study contributes with an initial framework by joining two lines of research and analyzing the CE-SDGs link in SE enterprises. Future research and empirical validations could contribute more deeply to the literature. As key recommendations, social economy managers must be committed to introducing circular economy practices to achieve people- and planet-oriented objectives, being proactive in fostering CE-SDGs frameworks.