bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural Statistics as Inference Principles of Auditory Tuning in Biological and Artificial Midbrain Networks
Authors: Park Sangwook , Salles Angeles , Allen Kathryne , Moss Cynthia F. , Elhilali Mounya
Published: May 2021

Bats provide a powerful mammalian model to explore the neural representation of complex sounds, as they rely on hearing to survive in their environment. The inferior colliculus (IC) is a central hub of the auditory system that receives converging projections from the ascending pathway and descending inputs from auditory cortex. In this work, we build an artificial neural network to replicate auditory characteristics in IC neurons of the big brown bat. We first test the hypothesis that spectro-temporal tuning of IC neurons is optimized to represent the natural statistics of conspecific vocalizations. We estimate spectro-temporal receptive fields (STRFs) of IC neurons and compare tuning characteristics to statistics of bat calls. The results indicate that the FM tuning of IC neurons is matched with the statistics. Then, we investigate this hypothesis on the network optimized to represent natural sound statistics and to compare its output with biological responses. We also estimate biomimetic STRFs from the artificial network and correlate their characteristics to those of biological neurons. Tuning properties of both biological and artificial neurons reveal strong agreement along both spectral and temporal dimensions, and suggest the presence of nonlinearity, sparsity, and complexity constraints that underlie the neural representation in the auditory midbrain. Additionally, the artificial neurons replicate IC neural activities in discrimination of social calls, and provide simulated results for a noise robust discrimination. In this way, the biomimetic network allows us to infer the neural mechanisms by which the bat’s IC processes natural sounds used to construct the auditory scene.
CHANGE IN STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF DISPERSED SOILS AFTER HIGH-FREQUENCY VIBRATION
Authors: Polunin V. M , Cheremhina A. P
Published: May 2021

The use of the technology of high-frequency sheet piles driving or extraction in conditions of weak, structurally unstable soils inevitably leads to a change in the structure of the soil. This is especially true for buildings which fall into the zone of influence. Often, foundation for historical buildings is water-saturated sands, spread by fluid and fluid-plastic clay soils. In the process of external dynamic action, the soil foundation is been destructing, so their strength and deformation parameters are reduced. In this case, the result of vibration effects on a dispersed water-saturated sample can be both compaction for sandy soil and decompaction of clay soils. These changes lead to additional deformations of buildings and structures of the surrounding area. Therefore, the issue of assessing the limits of applicability of vibration technology in certain conditions is relevant. The object of the study is the changes in the properties of clay soils of various consistencies after exposure to vibration. The results of laboratory studies to determine the strength parameters of dispersed soils after high-frequency vibration are presented. The results of field measurements by CPT "before", "after" vibration immersion and vibration extraction of sheet piles are considered. Comparison of the results of field and laboratory studies is carried out to identify patterns of change in the strength characteristics of weak soils under the influence of vibration loads. A tendency towards a decrease in the strength parameters of dispersed soils is shown. Currently, due to the insufficient number of laboratory and field studies to study the effect of high-frequency vibration on the change in the strength parameters of weak water-saturated clay soils, it is not possible to identify a clear dependence of the change in parameters on the time and frequency of vibration.
High ankle-brachial index predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in hemodialysis patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Pichone Alinie , Campos Gabriela , Leite Jr Maurilo , Gomes Carlos Perez
Published: May 2021

Abstract Introduction: Vascular calcification related to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is an important cause of cardiovascular and bone complications, leading to high morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The present study aimed to analyze whether ankle-brachial index (ABI), a non-invasive diagnostic tool, is able to predict cardiovascular outcomes in this population. Methods: We selected 88 adult patients on HD for at least 6 months, with serum iPTH>1,000pg/mL. We collected clinical data, biochemical and hormonal parameters, and ABI (sonar-Doppler). Calcification was assessed by lateral radiography of the abdomen and by simple vascular calcification score (SVCS). This cohort was monitored prospectively between 2012 and 2019 for cardiovascular outcomes (death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and calciphylaxis) to estimate the accuracy of ABI in this setting. Results: The baseline values were: iPTH: 1770±689pg/mL, P: 5.8±1.2 mg/dL, corrected Ca: 9.7±0.8mg/dL, 25(OH)vit D: 25.1±10.9ng/mL. Sixty-five percent of patients had ABI>1.3 (ranging from 0.6 to 3.2); 66% had SVCS≥3, and 45% aortic calcification (Kauppila≥8). The prospective evaluation (51.6±24.0 months), provided the following cardiovascular outcomes: 11% of deaths, 17% of nonfatal MI, one stroke, and 3% of calciphylaxis. After adjustments, patients with ABI≥1.6 had 8.9-fold higher risk of cardiovascular events (p=0.035), and ABI≥1.8 had 12.2-fold higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (p=0.019). Conclusion: The presence of vascular calcifications and arterial stiffness was highly prevalent in our population. We suggest that ABI, a simple and cost-effective diagnostic tool, could be used at an outpatient basis to predict cardiovascular events in patients with severe SHPT undergoing HD.
Estresse ocupacional em equipes saúde da família certificadas e não certificadas com selo de qualidade assistencial
Authors: Silva Luiza Ferreira Rigonatti , Scholze Alessandro Rolim , Pissinati Paloma de Souza Cavalcante , Begui Janaína Recanello , Barreto Maynara Fernanda Carvalho , Galdino Maria José Quina
Published: May 2021

Resumo Objetivo comparar o estresse ocupacional em trabalhadores de equipes saúde da família certificadas e não certificadas com selo de qualidade assistencial pela Tutoria da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos estudo transversal realizado com 178 trabalhadores das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família de dois municípios do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados por um questionário de caracterização e a Job Stress Scale, e analisados descritiva e inferencialmente por meio de regressão logística bruta e ajustada. Resultados os trabalhadores vinculados às equipes certificadas apresentaram chances significativamente maiores de alta demanda psicológica (p<0,001; ORaj: 4,164) e baixo apoio social (p=0,048; ORaj: 1,896) em relação aos das não certificadas. O controle sobre o trabalho não apresentou diferença significativa (p=0,891; ORaj: 1,047). Os participantes de equipes certificadas apresentaram maior chance de job strain (p<0,001; ORaj: 4,956) e entre aqueles de equipes não certificadas predominou o trabalho passivo (p<0,001; ORaj: 0,293). Conclusão os trabalhadores de equipes de saúde com certificação de qualidade na prestação de serviços apresentaram maiores chances de estresse ocupacional em relação aqueles vinculados a equipes não certificadas. Implicações para a prática torna-se premente que os modelos gerenciais de qualidade da assistência considerem a saúde dos trabalhadores envolvidos.
Estratégias de enfrentamento da COVID-19 no cárcere: relato de experiência
Authors: Benetti Sabrina Azevedo Wagner , Bugs Darlen Grasieli , Pretto Carolina Renz , Andolhe Rafaela , Ammar Maclovia , Stumm Eniva Miladi Fernandes , Goi Cíntia Beatriz
Published: May 2021

Resumo Objetivo: relatar a experiência da implantação de medidas preventivas à COVID-19 em uma unidade do sistema prisional. Método: relato de experiência construído a partir da vivência de uma equipe de saúde de uma unidade prisional e de documentos institucionais, no período de março a junho de 2020. Resultados: com o intuito de evitar ou reduzir a ocorrência de infecção e de surtos graves da COVID-19 na penitenciária, foram implantadas medidas preventivas de amplo espectro: procedimentos para triagem e fluxos de atendimento para os presos ingressantes e para os detentos da unidade que apresentam sintomas; normas, orientações de prevenção e recomendações de conduta para visitas e outras pessoas autorizadas a entrar na unidade prisional; atenção ao servidor com sintomas; organização de ciclos informativos direcionados aos servidores; uso de canais de comunicação com representantes de galeria das pessoas privadas de liberdade; implantação de medidas sanitárias gerais na unidade prisional; sensibilização de presos para vacinação contra a influenza. Discussão: considerando as condições precárias que favorecem a disseminação da COVID-19 em unidades prisionais, a experiência mostrou a importância da implantação de medidas preventivas para evitar a contaminação e transmissão da doença nesse ambiente, e da implementação de ações educativas e normativas voltadas para esse segmento da população.
Hybrid particle swarm optimization and tabu search for the design of large-scale water distribution networks
Authors: Macêdo José Eloim Silva de , Azevedo José Roberto Gonçalves de , Bezerra Saulo de Tarso Marques
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Water distribution network (WDN) optimization has received special attention from various technicians and researchers, mainly due to its high costs of implementation, operation and maintenance. However, the low computational efficiency of most developed algorithms makes them difficult to apply in large-scale WDN design problems. This article presents a hybrid particle swarm optimization and tabu search (H-PSOTS) algorithm for WDN design. Incorporating tabu search (TS) as a local improvement procedure enables the H-PSOTS algorithm to avoid local optima and show satisfactory performance. Pure particle swarm optimization (PSO) and H-PSOTS algorithms were applied to three benchmark networks proposed in the literature: the Balerma irrigation network, the ZJ network and the Rural network. The hybrid methodology obtained good results when seeking an optimal solution and revealed high computational performance, making it a new option for the optimal design of real water distribution networks.
A low-cost, high-performance video-based binocular eye tracker for psychophysical research
Authors: Ivanchenko Daria , Rifai Katharina , Hafed Ziad M. , Schaeffel Frank
Published: May 2021

We describe a high-performance, pupil-based binocular eye tracker that approaches the performance of a well-established commercial system, but at a fraction of the cost. The eye tracker is built from standard hardware components, and its software (written in Visual C++) can be easily implemented. Because of its fast and simple linear calibration scheme, the eye tracker performs best in the central 10 degrees of the visual field. The eye tracker possesses a number of useful features: (1) automated calibration simultaneously in both eyes while subjects fixate four fixation points sequentially on a computer screen, (2) automated real-time continuous analysis of measurement noise, (3) automated blink detection, (4) and real-time analysis of pupil centration artifacts. This last feature is critical because it is known that pupil diameter changes can be erroneously registered by pupil-based trackers as a change in eye position. We evaluated the performance of our system against that of a well-established commercial system using simultaneous measurements in 10 participants. We propose our low-cost eye tracker as a promising resource for studies of binocular eye movements.
Harmonic Analysis Considering DG Allocation and Load Growth in the Radial Distribution System
Authors: Et al. Christeen G. Boktor
Published: May 2021

In the radial distribution system (RDS), the existence of nonlinear loads causes the generation of harmonic currents, which lead to a lot of problems in the system and equipment, such as electronic equipment is used to control the system due to its effectiveness and accuracy. But these are led to an increase in power losses, equipment will be damaged because of overloads, distortion in voltage and current waveforms. So, the importance of harmonic analysis is increased in the last researches and application for designing and determining its effect in the distribution system. Its benefit appears in finding how much the waveforms for voltage and current are distorted in all the buses in RDS. In this study, we will use the direct approach method to calculate harmonic load flow (HLF) analysis depending on two matrices BIBC and BCBV to determine the relationship between first branch current and bus injection, second branch current with bus voltage. This method is robust and more efficient in solving HLF. It will be applied on IEEE 34 bus system by using a hybrid optimization technique HPOGWO to determine the size for the distributed generated DG. Single, double, and triple units will inject to enhancement voltage profile considering load growth with harmonic sources (HRS) and comparing with the network without HRS.
The Role of Education in the Formation of Tax Ethics in Azerbaijan
Authors: Zivar Zeynalova Mubariz Mammadli,
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the importance of tax ethics, as well as the impact of education on it. The impact of tax-oriented education on tax ethics was determined in the case of Azerbaijan. For this purpose, it was applied a questionnaire survey to 250 students studied at the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan between 2017 and 2019 years. The collected data were analyzed descriptively, and the hypothesis was tested using the Paired Samples Test. Cronbach's Alpha conducted to verify the validity of the research. Analyzes and tests were carried out electronically using the SPSS 16.0 software. As a result of empirical research, it turned out that the attitude towards taxation was higher after passing tax classes.
Puppets in the Development of Communicative Competencies in Elementary School Students
Authors: Edward Flores Lina Veronica Yanac-Leon, Juan Mendez Vergaray,
Published: May 2021

The objective of this systematic review is to analyze the relationship between the use of puppets in the development of communication skills in children. Methodology: 20 articles obtained from the Scopus, EBSCO, Dialnet, Redalyc databases during the months of January and February of this year were used for the research; the study was carried out using the Prisma methodology; the inclusion criteria were research articles, systematic reviews and quantitative studies that addressed the relationship between puppets and communicative skills, and as exclusion criteria: those that did not collect the necessary data for the study, that is, with methodological deficiencies, or those that were not directly related to the categories. Results: 160 documents, 150 articles and 10 theses were reviewed, and 114 research studies were selected after eliminating duplicates, having been excluded 36 articles and 26 theses that did not respond to the categories and methodology; likewise, the evaluation of 32 full-text articles was determined, of which 32 studies were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria; and 11 articles and 9 theses were used in the study. Conclusion: It was found that there is a cause-effect relationship between puppets and communicative competencies, insofar as they favor attention and motivation to communicate children's thoughts, feelings and ideas.
Impacto de las políticas de seguridad en la formación y caracterización de los profesionales del sector en Colombia
Authors: Cerón Rincón Luz Alejandra , López Cortés David Enrique
Published: May 2021

En Colombia, los desafíos existentes en materia de seguridad han promovido un cambio en la conceptualización de su política, incluidos temas clásicos y emergentes. Este hecho suscita el interés de las agremiaciones de profesionales del sector por alcanzar altos niveles de conocimientos y capacitación para dar respuestas preventivas al contexto de las nuevas amenazas. Las instituciones que ofrecen programas de formación en seguridad, especialmente las de educación superior, comienzan a plantearse retos de investigación y formación de competencias que permitan a la comunidad de la seguridad construir diálogos y decisiones acordes con las exigencias. Este artículo reporta resultados de investigación y especifica dos dimensiones de análisis: la primera refiere la comprensión del contexto y la fundamentación del pensamiento global respecto a la seguridad y el cambio de la política colombiana en la materia; y la segunda se relaciona con la reflexión sobre el impacto que dicha política ha tenido en la preparación de los profesionales en el área a través del caso específico de la MADGSI de la EPFAC. Se concluye que hay un interés compartido desde las agremiaciones e instituciones relacionadas por construir estándares de calidad educativa basados en la innovación y en la generación de conocimiento autónomo para el sector.
The Missing Link in Early Emotional Processing
Authors: Carretié Luis , Yadav Raghunandan K. , Méndez-Bértolo Constantino
Published: May 2021

Current proposals on the temporal sequence in the processing of emotional visual stimuli are partially incompatible with growing empirical data. In the majority of them, the initial evaluation structures (IES) postulated to be in charge of the earliest detection of emotional stimuli (i.e., salient for the individual), are high order structures (i.e., those receiving visual inputs after several synapses). Thus, their latency of response cannot account for the first visual cortex response to emotional stimuli (peaking 80 ms in humans). Additionally, these proposed structures lack the necessary infrastructure to locally analyze the visual features of the stimulus (shape, color, motion, etc.) that define a stimulus as emotional. In particular, the amygdala is defended as the cornerstone IES also in humans, and cortical areas such as the ventral prefrontal cortex or the insula have been proposed as well to intervene in this initial evaluation process. The present review describes several first-order brain structures (i.e., receiving visual inputs after one synapsis), and second order structures (two synapses) that may complement the former, that accomplish with both prerequisites: presenting response latencies compatible with the observed activity at the visual cortex and possessing the necessary architecture to rudimentarily analyze in situ relevant features of the visual stimulation. The visual thalamus, and particularly the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), a first-order thalamic nucleus that actively processes visual information, is a good candidate to be the core IES, with the complementary action of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). This LGN-TRN tandem could be supported, also in an ascending, initial evaluation phase, by the pulvinar, a second order thalamic structure, and first-order extra-thalamic nuclei (superior colliculus and certain nuclei of pretectum and the accessory optic system). In sum, the visual thalamus, scarcely studied in relation to emotional processing, is a serious candidate to be the missing link in early emotional evaluation and, in any case, is worth exploring in future research.
Simulation of Spatial Strain Inhomogeneities in Lithium-Ion-Cells Due to Electrode Dilation Dependent on Internal and External Cell Structures
Authors: Ebert Fabian , Spielbauer Markus , Bruckmoser Maximilian , Lienkamp Markus
Published: May 2021

Electrochemical-mechanical interactions, in particular pressure-induced ones, have been identified to be a cause for lithium-plating in lithium-ion cells. Mechanically-induced porosity inhomogeneities in the separator layers due to electrode expansion during charging especially lead to cell internal balancing currents and can cause localized plating. To identify cell-format and cell-material dependent mechanical weak spots, a layer-resolved mechanical simulation of different cell types and cell-material combinations is presented in this work. The simulation results show distinctive layer strain patterns for different cell-types that coincide with localized lithium-plating found in post-mortem cells. Additionally, the effects of cell bracing in battery modules is investigated and a method to mitigate the increased layer strain due to bracing counterforces is proposed that also increases cell energy density for hardcase-type automotive cells.
Deterministic Inverse Design of Lithography-Free, Wavelength-Selective Tamm Plasmon Thermal Emitters
Authors: He Mingze , Nolen J. , Nordlander Josh , Cleri Angela , Mcllwaine Nathan , Folland Thomas , Tang Yucheng , Landman Bennett , Maria Jon , Caldwell Joshua
Published: May 2021

Wavelength-selective thermal emitters (WS-EMs) are of high interest due to the lack of cost-effective, narrow-band light sources in the mid- to long-wave infrared. Cost-effective WS-EMs can be realized via Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) structures supported by distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) on metal layers, however, optimizing TPP-WS-EMs is challenging because of the large number of parameters to optimize. To address this challenge, we use stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to optimize TPP-WS-EMs composed of an aperiodic DBR deposited on doped cadmium oxide (CdO) plasmonic films. While the SGD-optimized, aperiodic DBR offers extensive spectral control, the material choice, i.e., plasma-frequency-tunable doped CdO, enables the design capabilities not accessible with noble metals. Here, the individual layer thickness and carrier density of CdO are optimized by our SGD inverse design strategy. The resultant experimental designs demonstrate TPP-WS-EMs exhibiting isolated, high-Q (narrow bandwidth), and structures featuring multiple emission bands for applications such as free-space communications and gas sensing. Furthermore, we illustrate the deterministic design capability within the infrared, such as user-designated Q-factors (28 − 10,127) at a desired frequency, multi-band emitters with user-defined Q, and the ability to directly match arbitrary chemical absorption spectra. Thus, the combination of our SGD inverse design and the broadly tunable plasma frequency of CdO enables lithography-free, CMOS-compatible, and wafer-scale solutions for WS-EMs with unprecedented spectral control.
A National and Regional Analysis of the Effects of Ageing and Education on Demand for Commercial Health Insurance in China.
Authors: Chen Xiang , Jaoude Gerard Abou
Published: May 2021

Background: Social health insurance (SHI) in China has reached 95% coverage and facilitated progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC). However, elderly populations are currently under-represented, amplifying regional disparities and threatening progress toward UHC. Some households seek commercial health insurance (CHI) to complement SHI. This study is the first to investigate the effect of ageing and education on demand for CHI by region in China. Methods: Drawing on 2011 to 2018 data for 31 out of 34 provinces from the China Insurance Yearbook and Statistic Yearbook, fixed effects models were built for national and regional multivariate regression analyses. The analysis included CHI demand as the dependent variable, education level and elderly dependency ratio as independent variables, and disposable income per capita, SHI coverage, as well as health expenditure per capita as control variables.Results: Findings from the national analysis indicate a significant positive relationship between CHI demand and education level (17.3, p=0.01), elderly dependency ratio (24.1, p<0.001), disposable income per capita (179.5, p=0.04), and health expenditure per capita (0.12, p<0.001). However, no significant association is found between SHI coverage and CHI demand. In the regional analysis, a significant positive between education level and CHI demand is only found for the Eastern region (29.1, p<0.05). Similarly, a significant positive relationship between the elderly dependency ratio and CHI demand is observed for the Eastern (25.9, p<0.05) and Central regions (18.5, p<0.05). Of the three control variables investigated, disposable income per capita is not found to have an effect on CHI demand in any of the three regions. Conclusions: Results from this study build on existing evidence and draw attention to regional disparities in China, particularly in terms of education, and the resulting effect on CHI demand. Findings support calls for more elderly-oriented public health policy and insurance reform in China.
Puerarin Inhibits Ferroptosis and Inflammation of Lung Injury Caused by Sepsis in LPS Induced Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Xu Baiye , Wang Haidao , Chen Zhen
Published: May 2021

Background: Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, which plays an important role in lung injury caused by sepsis. Studies have reported that Puerarin (Pue) can treat lung injury caused by sepsis in children, but whether it plays a role by regulating iron death has not been reported.Methods: LPS induced human alveolar epithelial cell A549 to form a model of lung injury caused by sepsis. MTT detected the effect of Pue on A549 cell viability and the effect of Pue on LPS-induced A549 cell viability. The effects of Pue on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β in A549 cells were determined by ELISA assay. The expression level of MDA was detected by TBARS colorimetric quantitative detection kit. GSH kit was used to detect the expression of GSH in cells. The iron kit detected the total iron level and the expression level of ferric divalent ions in the cells. DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to detect ROS levels. Western blot was used to detect the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins in cells. Results: Pue alleviated LPS-induced injury and inflammatory response in A549 cells, and Pue reduced the expression of ROS, MDA and GSH in LPS-induced A549 cells. In addition, Pue reduced total iron levels and ferrous ion levels in LPS-induced A549 cells, and decreased the expression of iron ferroptosis-related proteins. Conclusion: Puerarin inhibited ferroptosis and inflammation of lung injury caused by sepsis in children in LPS induced lung epithelial cells.
Nickel Phthalocyanine@graphene Oxide/TiO2 As an Efficient Degradation Catalyst of Formic Acid Toward Hydrogen Production
Authors: Keshipour Sajjad , Alizadeh Shima Mohammad
Published: May 2021

A new photocatalytic system was introduced to degrade formic acid toward hydrogen production using nickel(II) phthalocyanine (NiPc)@graphene oxide (GO)/TiO2 as the catalyst. Synthesis of NiPc was performed in the presence of GO leading to a homogeneous distribution of NiPc on GO. While TiO2 promoted the reaction using each of NiPc and GO under visible light, the reaction was carried out with superior rate using NiPc@GO/TiO2. In this reaction, GO minimizes the band gap of semiconductor, TiO2, through contributing its Fermi levels and NiPc escalates the photocatalytic reaction under visible light as a sensitizing agent. The reaction released hydrogen with the rate of 1.38 mmol.h− 1 and TOF = 77 h− 1.
KALUZA - KLEIN COSMOLOGICAL MODEL WITH QUARK AND STRANGE QUARK MATTER INF(R,T)GRAVITY
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Shri R. L. T. College of Science, Akola - 444001, Maharashtra, [INDIA]., L. Munde Samadhan
Published: May 2021

In this paper,Kaluza-Klein space-time with quark and strange quark matter in gravity has been considered. The general solutions of the field equations of Kaluza-Klein space-time have been obtained under the assumption of constant deceleration parameter. The physical and geometrical aspects of the model are also discussed in details.
PREVALENCE OF EATING DISORDERS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN INDIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Oraon Pushpa , Sharma Ankita
Published: May 2021

Aim: To study the actual factors and prevalence behind the Eating disorder among college students because we know Eating disorder (ED) reported to be most increased among Young adult who are college students that face many challenges as they navigate with transitional life stage. Objective: 1. To assess the prevalence of eating disorder among Indian college students. 2. To assess the factors that is associated with the reported prevalence of eating disorders. Methodology: - This study used the Quantitative research approach and system review design. Data collection was based on the inclusive criteria: - studies on Indian College students with eating disorder .Data was searched From the PubMed, Pub psych, Google scholar and Medline plus, databases and finally 10 original articles which were added to the records. Result: Prevalence of EDs is traditionally considered to affect mainly women. In point prevalence of EDs was higher in women than in men. However, this finding varies according to the type of ED. Male subjects are usually considered to account for 10% of subjects with AN or BN .Factor associated to eating disorder also varied in the studies. Cultural activities association with ED, where as three studies had shown that attitude related to eating cause the problem, Past Disease Association with present hobbits of eating, Stress , social norms, Self esteem are also association with ED Conclusion: EDs are traditionally considered to affect mainly women. This review confirms the highest prevalence for AN followed by BN In point prevalence of EDs was higher in women than in men. There is need to focus on more research studies on eating disorder by using random sampling method.
GIANT SOLITARY CUTANEOUS ANGIOSARCOMA OF THE FOREARM OCCURRING OUTSIDE THE SETTING OF LYMPHEDEMA
Authors:   Dermatology and Venerology Department, UHC of IBN ROCHD, Casablanca, Morocco., Belanouane S. , Hali F. ,   Dermatology and Venerology Department, UHC of IBN ROCHD, Casablanca, Morocco., Marnissi F. ,   Anatomo-Pathology Department, UHC of IBN ROCHD, Casablanca, Morocco., Chiheb S. ,   Anatomo-Pathology Department, UHC of IBN ROCHD, Casablanca, Morocco.
Published: May 2021

Angiosarcoma (AS) is an aggressive vascular malignancy that can affect various anatomic sites. Although rare, cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is the most common clinical manifestation of AS, accounting for approximately 50% to 60% of all AS. CAS is typically known to occur in three settings: (1) idiopathic, (2) following radiation treatment, or (3) is classically diagnosed following mastectomy with subsequent chronic lymphedema (known as Stewart Treves syndrome). We present a case of CAS on the forearm in a man with no history of lymphedema or radiation therapy, highlighting the necessity to discuss this diagnosis even outside the setting of conventional angiosarcomas.
Effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg on eating behavior in patients with obesity
Authors: Logvinova O. V. , Troshina E. A.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. One of the objectives of weight loss in obesity is to prevent metabolic disorders associated with it. An important component in the maintenance of the achieved results is a change of eating behavior.

Goal: to study the effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg on the dynamics of metabolic parameters and eating behavior in patients with obesity. Materials and methods. The study enrolled 42 obese patients in whom anthropometric parameters, metabolic parameters, and eating behavior were assessed with Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Patients were divided into 2 groups, one of which received liraglutide 3.0 mg with lifestyle modification for 3 months. The other group was recommended to receive only lifestyle modification. The participants were re-examined after 3 months.

Results and discussion. in the liraglutide group in addition to a significant decrease in body weight, BMI and waist circumference, there was a statistical trend toward lower glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR levels. When comparing the dynamics of parameters between the groups, Д body weight, BMI and glucose in the liraglutide group were significantly superior. In reassessment of eating behavior after 3 months of treatment, no statistically significant differences were found with the initial severity of restrictive, emotional, and/or external types in both groups and, despite a more pronounced decrease in body weight in the liraglutide group, between them.

Conclusions: Three months of isolated lifestyle modification and/or its combination with liraglutide 3.0 mg is not sufficient to make a lasting change in eating behavior. However, considering that obesity is a chronic and relapsing disease, the need for eating behavior correction remains relevant to prevent disease recurrence. This substantiates the need for more long-term intervention in obesity, including drug therapy.
Influence of androgen deprivation therapy on glucose metabolism and ambulatory glucose profile
Authors: Grickevich E. Yu. , Skuridina D. V. , Perekhodov S. N.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Androgen deprivation, used to treat prostate cancer, leads to metabolic disorders, including glucose metabolism disorders. The timing of development and the characteristics of these changes have not been sufficiently studied. The expansion of the possibilities for assessing glycemia makes it possible to obtain changes in glucose.

Objective. To study the dynamics of the effect of long-term androgen-deprivation therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH agonists) on the parameters of glucose metabolism and ambulatory glucose profile in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (La PCa).

Materials and methods. The study included 99 patients with La PCa receiving androgendeprivation therapy (ADT) with (GnRH agonists) for at least 12 months. The study of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels was performed at baseline, after 3, 6 and 12 months of ADT, and constant self-monitoring of glycemia was recommended using portable glucometers. Flash glucose monitoring systems (FreeStyle Libre) were installed in ten patients with a detected increase in glycemia on the background of ADT, allowing them to obtain data on the ambulatory glucose profile (AGP).

Results and discussion. Long-term ADT in patients with La PCa, regardless of baseline age, BMI, WC, was accompanied by an early, progressive deterioration in parameters of glucose metabolism. The proportion of patients with prediabetic FPG values after 12 months becames 66% according ADA criteria. We found that 12-month ADT changes the AGP: an increase area under the curve and postprandial glycemic levels, an increase in blood glucose variability with an increase in the CONGA index to 6.817 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion. ADT by GnRH agonists in patients with La PCa is accompanied by a predisposition to early disorders of glucose metabolism with a high risk of rapid development of prediabetes regardless of baseline age, BMI, and WC. The AGP of patients is characterized by an increase in the total glycemic load, and glycemic variability.
Gestational diabetes mellitus: peculiarities of course and pregnancy outcomes in real clinical practice
Authors: Ushanova F. O. , Lobanova K. G. , Perekhodov S. N.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. According to various authors, uncompensated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is accompanied by the development of many complications affecting the mother and fetus. However, published data on the prevalence of GDM and its complications in real clinical practice in our country are insufficient.

Aim. To estimate the prevalence of GDM among pregnant women in the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow, to analyze the main risk factors, the features of the course and pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM.

Materials and Methods. Retrospective analysis of primary records of 510 pregnant women who were diagnosed with GDM during 2019. A comparative analysis of pregnancy complications and outcomes depending on the age of diagnosis of GDM was performed.

Results and Discussion. During 2019, 510 pregnant women out of 5,000 women observed were diagnosed with GSD. The mean age of the women was 31.9 ± 4.8 (95% CI 31.5-32.3). Most frequently, 224 pregnant women (43.9%) were diagnosed in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, 31.8% (162) in the 2nd trimester, and 18.6% (95) in the 3rd trimester. Mean venous plasma glucose values were 5.43 [5.25; 5.7] mmol/L, and glycated hemoglobin was 5.19 ± 0.4% (95% CI 5.15-5.24). Diet therapy was predominantly sufficient to achieve GSD compensation - 84.3%. Complications of pregnancy were observed in 123 women (24.1%). Unfavorable pregnancy outcomes were recorded in 153 women with GSD out of 213 women analyzed (71.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in pregnancy outcomes depending on the age of diagnosis of GDM.

Conclusions. The prevalence of GDM in the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow was 10.2%, which is consistent with the data of various epidemiological studies in other regions. The development of adverse pregnancy outcomes remains at a high level. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct further research aimed at assessing the main factors influencing the course and outcomes of pregnancy.
Analysis of time in range depending on the method of assessing the glucose level
Authors: Suplotova L. A. , Sudnitsyna A. S. , Romanova N. V. , Sidorenko K. A. , Radionova L. U. , Gracheva T. V. , Plotnikov N. V. , Khieva E. V. , Shabelnikova O. Y. , Ipatko I. A. , Zhukovets G. V. , Cherednikova M. A.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence and incidence diabetes type 1. The high-quality glycemic control is critical in reducing the risk of developing and progression of vascular complications and adverse outcomes of diabetes. Self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) and professional continuous glucose monitoring (PCGM) provide the data set which must be interpreted using multiple indicators of glycemic control. A number of researchers have demonstrated the relationship between the time in range (TIR) and the risk of developing both micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Considering the insufficient amount of data on TIR differences depending on the glucose level assessment method and the significant potential of using this indicator for the stratification of the risk of both micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes, the study of TIR differences based on the data of PCGM and SMBG is relevant at present.

Aims. To estimate the time range according to professional continuous glucose monitoring and self-monitoring of blood glucose levels in the patients with diabetes type 1 among the adult population to improve the control of the disease course.

Materials and methods. An interventional open-label multicenter study in the patients with diabetes type 1 was conducted. The patients with diabetes type 1 aged 18 and older, with the disease duration of more than 1 year receiving the therapy with analog insulin was enrolled into the study. The calculation of the indicators of the time spent in the ranges of glycemia was carried out on the basis of the data of PCGM and SMBG.

Results and discussion. We examined 218 patients who met the inclusion criteria and did not have exclusion criteria. The presented differences in the indicators of time in ranges indicate the comparability of the SMBG and PCGM methods.

Conclusions. When assessing the indicators of time in the ranges of glycemia obtained on the basis of the data of PCGM and SMBG, clear correlations and linear dependence were demonstrated, which indicates the comparability of these parameters regardless of the measurement method.
Measuring the Interactions Between Health Demand, Informatics Supply, and Technological Applications in Digital Medical Innovation for China: Content Mapping and Analysis
Authors: Du Jian , Chen Ting , Zhang Luxia
Published: May 2021

Background

There were 2 major incentives introduced by the Chinese government to promote medical informatics in 2009 and 2016. As new drugs are the major source of medical innovation, informatics-related concepts and techniques are a major source of digital medical innovation. However, it is unclear whether the research efforts of medical informatics in China have met the health needs, such as disease management and population health.

Objective

We proposed an approach to mapping the interplay between different knowledge entities by using the tree structure of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) to gain insights into the interactions between informatics supply, health demand, and technological applications in digital medical innovation in China.

Methods

All terms under the MeSH tree parent node “Diseases [C]” or node “Health [N01.400]” or “Public Health [N06.850]” were labelled as H. All terms under the node “Information Science [L]” were labelled as I, and all terms under node “Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]” were labelled as T. The H-I-T interactions can be measured by using their co-occurrences in a given publication.

Results

The H-I-T interactions in China are showing significant growth and a more concentrated interplay were observed. Computing methodologies, informatics, and communications media (such as social media and the internet) constitute the majority of I-related concepts and techniques used for resolving the health promotion and diseases management problems in China. Generally there is a positive correlation between the burden and informatics research efforts for diseases in China. We think it is not contradictory that informatics research should be focused on the greatest burden of diseases or where it can have the most impact. Artificial intelligence is a competing field of medical informatics research in China, with a notable focus on diagnostic deep learning algorithms for medical imaging.

Conclusions

It is suggested that technological transfers, namely the functionality to be realized by medical/health informatics (eg, diagnosis, therapeutics, surgical procedures, laboratory testing techniques, and equipment and supplies) should be strengthened. Research on natural language processing and electronic health records should also be strengthened to improve the real-world applications of health information technologies and big data in the future.
Career Development of Academic Staff in Faculties of Dentistry by Means of Mentorship Programs: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Amosun Seyi , Kimmie-Dhansay Faheema , Geerts Greta , Basson Reneda
Published: May 2021

Background

Globally, the demands on dental educators continue to diversify and expand. Due to their importance and value, mentoring programs have been acknowledged as a means of recruiting, developing, and retaining academics in dental education.

Objective

This protocol is for a scoping review that aims to identify the goals of mentoring programs for academic staff in dental faculties and determine how these programs were structured, delivered, and evaluated.

Methods

The review will be performed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology for scoping reviews, which covers both qualitative and quantitative scientific literature as well as grey literature written in English and published between 2000 and 2020. The databases will include PubMed, Ovid, the Educational Resources Information Center database, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Trove, Web of Science, Openthesis.org, and the website of the American Dental Education Association. A manual search will also be conducted by using the reference lists of included studies to identify additional articles. Working independently, the authors will participate iteratively in literature screening, paper selection, and data extraction. Disagreements between the reviewers will be resolved by discussion until a consensus is reached or after consultation with the research team. Key information that is relevant to the review questions will be extracted from the selected articles and imported into a Microsoft Excel file. The PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) will be used to guide the reporting of this protocol.

Results

The search for appropriate literature has commenced, and we aim to present the results before the end of the 2021 academic year.

Conclusions

The development of formal mentorship programs for academics in dental education will enhance the retention of academic staff.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/27239
COVID-19 Knowledge Resource Categorization and Tracking: Conceptual Framework Study
Authors: Afzal Muhammad , Hussain Maqbool , Hussain Jamil , Bang Jaehun , Lee Sungyoung
Published: May 2021

Background

Since the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization, the disease has gained momentum with every passing day. Various private and government sectors of different countries allocated funding for research in multiple capacities. A significant portion of efforts has been devoted to information technology and service infrastructure development, including research on developing intelligent models and techniques for alerts, monitoring, early diagnosis, prevention, and other relevant services. As a result, many information resources have been created globally and are available for use. However, a defined structure to organize these resources into categories based on the nature and origin of the data is lacking.

Objective

This study aims to organize COVID-19 information resources into a well-defined structure to facilitate the easy identification of a resource, tracking information workflows, and to provide a guide for a contextual dashboard design and development.

Methods

A sequence of action research was performed that involved a review of COVID-19 efforts and initiatives on a global scale during the year 2020. Data were collected according to the defined structure of primary, secondary, and tertiary categories. Various techniques for descriptive statistical analysis were employed to gain insights into the data to help develop a conceptual framework to organize resources and track interactions between different resources.

Results

Investigating diverse information at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels enabled us to develop a conceptual framework for COVID-19–related efforts and initiatives. The framework of resource categorization provides a gateway to access global initiatives with enriched metadata, and assists users in tracking the workflow of tertiary, secondary, and primary resources with relationships between various fragments of information. The results demonstrated mapping initiatives at the tertiary level to secondary level and then to the primary level to reach firsthand data, research, and trials.

Conclusions

Adopting the proposed three-level structure allows for a consistent organization and management of existing COVID-19 knowledge resources and provides a roadmap for classifying future resources. This study is one of the earliest studies to introduce an infrastructure for locating and placing the right information at the right place. By implementing the proposed framework according to the stated guidelines, this study allows for the development of applications such as interactive dashboards to facilitate the contextual identification and tracking of interdependent COVID-19 knowledge resources.