bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desempenho no futebol: estimulação cerebral e neurônios espelho
Authors: Branco Luiza Pinheiro Anhanha , Guilherme Gabriel dos Santos , Abrantes Junior Ricardo Costa , Silva Vernon Furtado da , Calomeni Mauricio Rocha
Published: August 2020

O objetivo foi comparar os efeitos da associação do treinamento mental, ativação dos neurônios espelho e estimulação cerebral não invasiva sobre o desempenho técnico específico do futebol. 17 atletas da equipe de futebol feminino profissional do Flamengo, disputando o campeonato brasileiro de futebol de 2019, de 19 a 34 anos, foram divididas randomicamente em dois grupos, grupo Neurônios Espelhos (NE) (n=9) e Estimulação Cerebral (EC) (n=8). Foram avaliadas a atividade cerebral, a velocidade de processamento mental, e a habilidade motora em uma tarefa específica. Ambos os grupos mantiveram a rotina de treino prevista pela comissão técnica. Além disto, o NE recebeu um arquivo de vídeo com imagens do desempenho de uma tarefa motora técnica, editado com um áudio do protocolo de treinamento mental, já o EC recebeu arquivo de áudio com o protocolo de estimulação cerebral por batidas binaurais mixado com os comandos para o treinamento mental. As atletas foram orientadas a executarem os arquivos recebidos sempre 15 minutos antes dos treinamentos convencionais durante 7 semanas. Comparações dentro dos grupos mostraram que NE melhorou significativamente o tempo de execução da tarefa (p=0,01). Contudo em todas as outras comparações não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas tanto dentro quanto entre os grupos (p>0,05). Acredita-se que a forma selecionada para efetivação das intervenções possa ter impactado negativamente para resultados mais significativos. Contudo, o treinamento mental associado a ativação dos neurônios espelhos se mostrou mais eficiente para redução do tempo de execução da tarefa técnica e aumento na precisão ao acertar o alvo pré-determinado.
Análise epidemiológica das parasitoses intestinais em escolares de 7 a 12 anos
Authors: Cruz Janniele de Souza , Santos Sannara Inácia dos , Macêdo Kécya Patricia Costa , Bezerra Janaina Vidal , Costa Eduardo Sousa de Araújo , Santos Grasielly Menezes , Azevedo Francisco Itallo Soares , Andrade Amanda da Costa , Oliveira Jonh Keuvin Andrade de , Reis Renandro de Carvalho , Silva Raquel Morais da , Lima Verde Roseane Mara Cardoso , Sousa Francisco das Chagas Araújo , Oliveira Evaldo Hipólito de , Carvalho Antônio Carlos de
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de parasitas intestinais em escolares de 7 a 12 anos em Teresina-PI. Métodos: Este estudo baseou-se em uma estratégia qualitativa e quantitativa de pesquisa de caráter descritivo prospectivo, por meio de uma pesquisa de campo com crianças escolares de 7 a 12 anos. O presente trabalho realizou-se em uma escola pública e uma privada. A coleta das amostras fecais ocorreu logo após a aprovação do comitê de ética.  Foram entregues as crianças o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, os frascos coletores e o questionário socioeconômico, ambiental e cultural para posteriormente serem entregues e devidamente preenchidos pelos pais ou responsáveis. Recebeu-se no prazo de 24 horas após a coleta as amostras refrigeradas, totalizando 44 amostras fecais, cada frasco recebido estava devidamente etiquetado. Resultados: Dos 44 indivíduos que entregaram as amostras fecais, 18 (40,9%) das crianças foram da escola pública e 26 (59,0%) crianças da escola particular, de ambos os sexos com idade entre 7 a 12 anos. Conclusão: As altas prevalências de parasitoses intestinais ainda presentes no Brasil podem ser explicadas em parte, pelos altos custos para melhoria da infraestrutura e saneamento básico.
DECIMER - Towards Deep Learning for Chemical Image Recognition
Authors: Rajan Kohulan , Zielesny Achim , Steinbeck Christoph
Published: August 2020

The automatic recognition of chemical structure diagrams from the literature is an indispensable component of workflows to re-discover information about chemicals and to make it available in open-access databases. Here we report preliminary findings in our development of DECIMER (Deep lEarning for Chemical ImagE Recognition), a deep learning method based on existing show-and-tell deep neural networks which makes very few assumptions about the structure of the underlying problem. The training state reported here does not yet rival the performance of existing traditional approaches, but we present evidence that our method will reach a comparable detection power with sufficient training time. Training success of DECIMER depends on the input data representation: DeepSMILES are clearly superior over SMILES and we have preliminary indication that the recently reported SELFIES outperform DeepSMILES. An extrapolation of our results towards larger training data sizes suggest that we might be able to achieve >90% accuracy with about 60 to 100 million training structures, so that training can be completed within several months on a single GPU. This work is completely based on open-source software and open data and is available to the general public for any purpose.
Tropolonate Salts as Acyl Transfer Catalysts for Esterification Reactions under Thermal and Photochemical Conditions
Authors: Lyons Demelza , Empel Claire , Pace Domenic , Dinh An Huy , Mai Binh Khanh , Koenigs Rene , Nguyen Thanh Vinh
Published: August 2020

Acyl transfer catalysis is a frequently used tool to promote the formation of carboxylic acid derivatives, which are important synthetic precursors and target compounds in organic synthesis. However, there have been only a few structural motifs known to efficiently catalyze the acyl transfer reaction. Herein we introduce a new acyl transfer catalytic paradigm based on the tropolone framework. We show that tropolonate salts, due to their strong nucleophilicity and photochemical activity, can promote the coupling reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acid anhydrides or chlorides to give the products with excellent efficiency under thermal or blue light-photochemical conditions. Kinetic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest interesting mechanistic insights for reactions promoted by this new acyl transfer catalytic system.
HUMAN SARS CoV-2 SPIKE PROTEIN MUTATIONS
Authors: Guruprasad Lalitha
Published: August 2020

The human SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sequences from Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America and Oceania were analyzed by comparing with the reference SARS-CoV-2 protein sequence from Wuhan-Hu-1, China. Out of 10,333 spike protein sequences analyzed, 8,155 proteins comprised one or more mutations. A total of 9,654 mutations were observed that correspond to 400 distinct mutation sites. The receptor binding domain (RBD) which is involved in the interactions with human ACE-2 receptor and causes infection leading to the COVID-19 disease comprised 44 mutations that included residues within 3.2 Å interacting distance from the ACE-2 receptor. The mutations observed in the spike proteins are discussed in the context of their distribution according to the geographical locations, mutation sites, mutation types, distribution of the number of mutations at the mutation sites and mutations at the glycosylation sites. The density of mutations in different regions of the spike protein sequence and location of the mutations in protein three-dimensional structure corresponding to the RBD are discussed. The mutations identified in the present work are important considerations for antibody, vaccine and drug development.
PGE2accounts for bidirectional changes in alveolar macrophage self-renewal with aging and smoking
Authors: Penke Loka R , Speth Jennifer M , Draijer Christina , Zaslona Zbigniew , Chen Judy , Mancuso Peter , Freeman Christine M , Curtis Jeffrey L , Goldstein Daniel R , Peters-Golden Marc
Published: August 2020

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are resident immune cells of the lung that are critical for host defense. AMs are capable of proliferative renewal, yet their numbers are known to decrease with aging and increase with cigarette smoking. The mechanism by which AM proliferation is physiologically restrained, and whether dysregulation of this brake contributes to altered AM numbers in pathologic circumstances, however, remains unknown. Mice of advanced age exhibited diminished basal AM numbers and contained elevated PGE2levels in their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as compared with young mice. Exogenous PGE2inhibited AM proliferation in an E prostanoid receptor 2 (EP2)-cyclic AMP-dependent manner. Furthermore, EP2 knockout (EP2 KO) mice exhibited elevated basal AM numbers, and their AMs resisted the ability of PGE2and aged BALF to inhibit proliferation. In contrast, increased numbers of AMs in mice exposed to cigarette smoking were associated with reduced PGE2levels in BALF and were further exaggerated in EP2 KO mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PGE2functions as a tunable brake on AM numbers under physiologic and pathophysiological conditions.
Kronik hepatit B hastalarında potent antiviral tedavinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BEŞTEPE DURSUN Zehra , ÇELİK İlhami
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Kronik Hepatit B (KHB) enfeksiyonunda tedavinin amacı; kalıcı viral süpresyon, biyokimyasal ve histolojik düzelmenin sağlanması, siroz ve/veya hepatosellüler karsinom gibi uzun dönem komplikasyonlarını önlemektir. Güncel tedavide Tenofovir disoproksil, Tenofovir alafenamid ve Entekavir en potent ilaçlardır. Bu ilaçların uzun süre etkinliğine yönelik gerçek yaşam verilerinin sunulduğu çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada uzun süre Tenofovir disoproksil ve Entekavir tedavisi alan hastaların geriye yönelik etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi planlandı. Yöntem: Çalışmada 2007-2015 yılları arasında KHB tanısı almış olan, oral antiviral tedavi almamış olan ve Entekavir (0.5 mg/gün) veya Tenofovir disoproksil (245 mg/gün) alan hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalarda en az altı ay tedavi almaları ölçüt olarak alındı. Dekompanze sirozu, malignite ve diğer altta yatan hastalığı olanlar değerlendirilme dışı bırakıldı. Tedavi yanıtlarının değerlendirilmesinde; HBV DNA düzeyi, ALT değerleri, serokonversiyon durumu analiz edildi. Bulgular: Tek merkezde takip edilen, KHB tanılı daha önce antiviral tedavi almamış olan 111 hasta TDF (n=54, %57 erkek, yaş ortalaması 44±14 y, %27 HBeAg pozitif, takip süresi median 38 ay) ve ETV (n=57, %51 erkek, ortalama yaş 46±13 y,% 18 HBeAg pozitif, takip süresi median 48 ay) olmak üzere iki farklı grup tedavi rejimi almıştır. TDF grubunda başlangıçtaki HBV DNA değeri (8.0±1,1 kopya/mL) ETV grubundan (7.7±1.1 kopya/mL) daha büyük ve anlamlıydı (p=0.02). İki tedavi grubunda tedavinin altıncı ve 12. aylarında HBV DNA negatifliği karşılaştırıldığında, ETV grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı HBV DNA negatifliğinin elde edildiği görüldü (p
Effect of a relatively high-protein, high-fiber diet on body composition and metabolic risk factors in overweight women
Authors: Morenga LT , Williams S , Brown R , Mann J
Published: August 2020

Background:Obesity and its comorbidities are worldwide problems. Approaches to reducing obesity and its associated metabolic derangements typically emphasize fat and energy restriction, but for many achieving and maintaining weight loss is difficult. Diets that focus on substantially altering macronutrient distribution rather than energy restriction are promising alternatives, but have generally included large amounts of protein, fiber or fat.Objective:To compare the effects of dietary advice including moderate increases in protein and fiber without specifying energy intake with standard low-fat, high-carbohydrate dietary recommendations on body composition and metabolic risk factors.Methods:89 overweight or obese women aged 18-65 years were randomized to either a standard diet that was intended to be low in fat and relatively high in carbohydrate (n42) or to a relatively high-protein (up to 30% of energy), relatively high-fiber (> 35 g per day; HPHF) diet (n = 47) for 10 weeks. Advice regarding strict adherence to energy intake goals was not given.Results:Participants on the HPHF diet lost more body weight (1.3 kg; 95% CI, 0.7, 1.9; P > 0.0001), total fat (1.0 kg; 95% CI, 0.2, 1.8; P > 0.0001) and truncal fat (0.7 kg; 95% CI, 0.1, 1.3; P0.034) than participants on the standard diet. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were also significantly lower after the HPHF diet.Conclusion:An ad libitum diet relatively high in both protein and fiber improved body composition and metabolic risk factors compared with standard dietary advice. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.
USING ADOBE (CLAY SOIL) MIXED WITH QUARTZ (SHARP SAND) TO DETERMINE THE THERMAL COMFORT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN NORTH-MUBI L. G, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Singh S. K , Wante H. P , Ngaram S. M
Published: August 2020

The adobe structure is constructed by using low energy materials like adobe soil and sand etc. Adobe and cob are terms often used to describe sun dried clay materials. Adobe is a Spanish word derived from the Arabic atob, which literally means sun dried bricks.This paper investigated the thermal conductivity of Adobe mixed with Quartz in view of their availability usage as building materials. The thermal conductivities of disc made from Adobe-Quartz chippings were determined, the values obtained were between 0.57Wm-1k-1 and 0.91Wm-1k-1, and these values could be used to identify Adobe-Quartz as one of the engineering materials used in building construction, adopted to reduce the temperature of buildings without the need for power consumption. Consequently, the aim of this study is to test the usefulness of applying selected Adobe-Quartz to improve thermal performance and to reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in hot arid climate setting, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Energy reduction was achieved by making the Adobe-Quartz into bricks used as aggregates in walls. Adobe-Quartz was made in disc form of the same thickness and diameter, by proportions of Adobe to Quartz (90:10, 85:15, 80:20), i.e. 10 samples for each ratio. The average values of the thermal conductivities were between 0.07Wm-1k-1 and 0.93Wm-1k-1, the least thermal conductivity value was 0.57Wm-1k-1 for the ratio of (90:10). MATLAB 7.0 and EXCEL software were used in the various computations. An average correlation coefficient, R2 of 0.75 was existed between Adobe-Quartz ratios to thermal conductivities.
ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT OF RURAL BPL HOUSEHOLDS THROUGH SHGS: A STUDY AT AURANGABAD DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA
Authors: Chatterjee Shankar
Published: August 2020

This study was carried out among the members of self-help groups (SHGs) at Aurangabad District of Maharashtra in the Month of March 2019. Altogether, two SHGs located in two different areas along with the few members of SHGs were contacted to get an idea about the functioning of self-help group (SHG) in the district as well as earning (income) of members after joining in the SHG. The SHGs were part of earlier Swarnajayanthi Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY), a self-employment scheme sponsored under Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. In view of this few lines about SGSY and its progress are presented here for the benefit of readers. So, the study is based on both primary and secondary data.
Challenges of the Use of Instructional Materials in Geography Classroom in Secondary School: Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Keshav Raj
Published: August 2020

Geography is an optional subject in the secondary schools in Nepal. This paper is an attempt to examine the challenges of using instructional materials in the geography classroom in community secondary schools in Kathmandu district of Bagmati Province. Geography teachers were selected by purposive sampling offering geography as an optional subject in secondary school. The semi structured interview method was used for data collection. The interviews were recorded on an audio recorder and transcribed. After collecting data, analysis of the data was made through the interpretations of the raw data by interpretative method. The results reveal that the challenges of using materials are non-availability of materials,laziness of the teachers, lack of skill and strategies, financial constraint,lack of appropriate materials in textbook, time constraint, lack of support from authority, lack of geography resource room etc. The remedies of the challenges of using materials are the organizing of training and workshop for teachers on how to use instructional materials, provision of funds by the authorities and government, regular supervision, the improvisation of the local materials and the provision of the various instructional materials which are necessary for teaching etc.
THE Effort To Increase Self Confidence Of The Competence Of Vocational High Students Through The Motivation: "Mindset Entrepreneurship In Supporting Independence Milenialpreneur In The Future"
Authors: Rahmi Vembri Aulia , Ismanto Hadi , Setiawan Nanang Bagus
Published: August 2020

The Community service activities targeting students and teachers of Semen Gresik Vocational Schools are conducted to increase confidence in student competencies, including through the introduction, understanding, and strengthening motivation "Mindset Entrepreneurship" in the school environment. The purpose of the initial community service activity was aimed at responding to complaints about the problems of the school in academics (universities) that vocational student graduates were not working in the area of expertise possessed by students and also only a few students were able to create their jobs. The method used in community service uses an interpersonal approach to teachers and students using in-depth interviews with students and also teachers, interactive socialization, and discussion. The results of community service activities with Semen Gresik vocational partners provided positive results, both according to the perception of teachers and students, namely: (1) an increase in understanding of the problems along with finding solutions for teachers on the causes of low entrepreneurial interest for vocational students; (2) mental growth of students' confidence from their competence, after experiencing a strengthening of motivation on the principle of entrepreneurship (3) increasing insight and knowledge for students and teachers on the important role of entrepreneurship in the current digitalization era.
Rapid diagnostic testing of a neonate in a family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ueda H. , Miyamoto T. , Tsurusaki Y. , Minase G. , Matsumoto N. , Sengoku K.
Published: August 2020

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common but severe genetic disease. A pregnant woman with familial HCM was referred to our hospital as both the couple and their families were concerned that the baby would later develop HCM. Therefore, we determined the risk of HCM in the neonate. Using whole-exome sequencing, mutational analysis was performed on the patient, her family members (including her father, mother, sister, and husband), and the neonate. Sanger sequencing was also performed. We found that HCM in this family was caused by a mutation in the cardiac heavy chain β-myosin (MYH7) gene. Encouragingly, the neonate did not carry this MYH7 mutation as the father was also negative. We were able to determine that the neonate had no risk of familial HCM. Obstetricians should consider genetic screening if a pregnant woman has a severe risk of such familial complications. Content: We demonstrated absence of familial HCM in a neonate and suggest appropriate genetic screening in pregnant women with familial complications.
Effects of the colour and design of a new pelvic examination chair on comfort during gynaecological examination
Authors: Stenfelt C. , Ydenius L. , Lindberg S. , Spira J. , Edelstam G.
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The main question was whether the colour of a new design of pelvic examination chair could affect how the examination procedure was perceived. A prototype was constructed without vertical leg support and with built-in heating in the upholstery. To improve integrity, the perineum was exposed only during the examination. Main Outcome Measures: The patients were invited to evaluate the two different chair colours used, light blue and off-white, respectively. After vaginal ultrasound, the patients answered an anonymous questionnaire about their experience of the examination and how they perceived the comfort, warmth, integrity and colour of the chair. There were also questions regarding the absence of vertical leg support. Results: The questionnaire evaluation demonstrated the importance of colour since integrity was rated significantly higher in the light-blue chair than in the off-white. Similarly, the blue chair was experienced as significantly more comfortable than the white. Conclusions: The effect of colour was investigated in a new pelvic examination chair without vertical leg support, developed to suit men, women and also non-binary and transgender persons. It was also designed for increased comfort and integrity. The experience of colour had a significant positive (p < 0.001) effect on how the comfort, integrity and the absence of vertical leg support were perceived.
Pregnancy in a peritoneal dialysis patient undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis during the third trimester of pregnancy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Chang Z.Y. , Cao R. , Xu R.C. , Cheng Y. , Wan Q.J.
Published: August 2020

For patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), the rate of successfully carrying a pregnancy to term is low. Herein, we describe the pregnancy course of a patient with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis. The information presented may make better undestanding in the knowledge and management of such high-risk pregnancies in this patient population. We report the successful completion of pregnancy in a patient who underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and then switched to intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) during her third trimester. She became pregnant after undergoing CAPD for almost 1 year, using four 1.5 L exchanges of 1.5% bags per day. At 30 weeks of gestation, she switched from CAPD to IPD, using six 0.5 L exchanges of 1.5% bags per day with daily ultrafiltration of 100-300 mL. Her total Kt/V was 1.72 (dialysate 1.2, residual kidney 0.5) during her first and second trimesters and her total Kt/V decreased to 1.63 (dialysate 1.15, residual kidney 0.48) during her third trimester. She was admitted to our hospital at 35 weeks of gestation for a planned lower segment caesarian section. We report the successful completion of pregnancy in a patient on IPD. We have shown that rather than pursuing an adequate weekly default value of Kt/V, the most important criterion for the optimization of dialysis treatment for pregnant patients is their medical condition.
Exploration on the relationship between hypoxia inducible factor-1α and morbidly adherent placenta
Authors: Yan J.Y. , Chen P.P. , Jiang L.L. , Zhang H.L. , Han Q. , Chen R.X. , Zhang Q.J.
Published: August 2020

Objective: This study aims to explore the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in morbidly adherent placenta (MAP). Materials and Methods: Ten pregnant women with placenta increta, 20 pregnant women with placenta previa, and 30 normal pregnant women as controls participated in the present study. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression of HIF-1α in the placenta. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to analyze the HIF-1α protein levels in the placenta. Results: The mean expression of placental HIF-1α in the placenta increta and placenta previa groups was significantly higher than that in the normal placenta. The level of placental HIF-1α in the placenta increta was significantly higher than that in the placenta previa (p < 0.05). The level of placental HIF-1α had no obvious correlation with the accreta site and umbilical cord insertion. Conclusion: The morbidly of adherent placenta is closely correlated to adverse pregnancy outcomes during the perinatal period. Placental HIF-1α is associated with morbidly adherent placenta.
How do health problems affect the quality and everyday life of patients with endometriomas?
Authors: Chmaj-Wierzchowska K. , Wojciechowska M. , Parda I. , Plagens-Rotman K. , Rzymski P. , Wilczak M.
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The quality of human life is a subjective value and it largely depends on mental health, personality traits, preferences, and value system. This study aimed to discuss the incidence of health problems in patients with benign changes of reproductive organs (due to changes in the adnexa with the characteristics of endometrial cysts - endometriomas and other gynecological diseases, i.e. uterine myomas, other benign ovarian tumors), and influence of these problems with the daily functioning of the surveyed women. Materials and Methods: The study included patients treated surgically, due to changes in the adnexa with the characteristics of endometrial cysts (n = 24), other gynecological diseases (n = 45), i.e. uterine myomas (n = 22) and other benign ovarian tumors (n = 23) in 2017. The control group consisted of healthy patients (n = 67) who underwent routine, annual gynecological visits at the outpatient gynecological clinic, without changes within the reproductive organ (confirmed by using intravaginal ultrasound examination). The study research tool consisted of a questionnaire that was developed specifically for this study and the Nottingham Health Profile Questionnaire (NHP). The patients filled the questionnaires independently, one day prior to the procedure and in the control group prior to routine, annual doctor’s visit. Results: Among patients with endometriosis, significantly higher intensity of pain, emotional reactions, physical mobility, and vital energy were found. Women with endometrial cysts significantly more frequently reported issues related to occupation (Cramer’s V 0.578, p ≤ 0.001), household chores (Cramer’s V 0.597, p ≤ 0.001), social life (Cramer’s V 0.581, p ≤ 0.001), family life (Cramer’s V 0.576, p ≤ 0.001), sexual life (Cramer’s V 0.561; p ≤ 0.001), participation in hobbies (Cramer’s V 0.876, p ≤ 0.001), and holidays (Cramer’s V 0.876; p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Among patients with endometriosis a significantly higher intensity of pain, emotional reactions, physical mobility and energy vital. Because the advancement of endometriosis does not correlate with subjective complaints, routine use of Nottingham Heath Profile Questionnaire in the patients with endometriosis may improve the assessment of the severity of the disease and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in the future.
Hysteroscopic removal of retained products of conception withenhanced vascularity: a study of reliability
Authors: Garuti G. , Castellacci E. , Calabrese S. , Calzolari S.
Published: August 2020

Purpose of Investigation: Retained products of conception (RPOC) is the leading cause of postpartum or post-abortion hemorrhage. RPOC showing high vascularity at ultrasound assessment (HV-RPOC) showed an enhanced hemorrhagic risk following blind surgical uterine emptying. The authors describe the clinical outcome of patients suffering from HV-RPOC undergoing hysteroscopic removal. Material and Methods: Cohort of symptomatic patients suffering from HV-RPOC following miscarriages, pregnancy terminations, and term deliveries. After ultrasound selection based on color-Doppler showing HV-RPOC, all patients underwent hysteroscopic resection. Results: Twenty-seven patients met the selection criteria. HV-RPOC were found in 14 and six women after first and second trimester pregnancy termination, respectively. In seven women RPOC were found after term delivery. In 18 women (66.6%) RPOC were found firmly adherent to myometrium. Neither intra- nor postoperative complications were recorded. Hysteroscopy follow-up was carried-out in 16 patients. Normal findings were found in 15 women, in one case a mild adhesion was observed. Conclusion: HV-RPOC are often characterized by abnormally adherent placenta, suggesting that an accreta can be an underlying etiology. A reliable management can be accomplished by hysteroscopic resection.
Repetitive hydatidiform mole in the cesarean scar: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liu G.L. , He S.C. , Shan W.J. , Chen H.Y.
Published: August 2020

Objective: To report a case of Repetitive hydatidiform mole in the cesarean scar. Case Report: a 35-year-old woman presented to our hospital with irregular vaginal bleeding for more than one month. Transvaginal ultrasonography, serum hCG confirmed the cesarean scar pregnancy. The patient underwent a bilateral uterine artery embolization and a suction evacuation. The postoperative histologic examination of the tissue revealed a hydatidiform mole. Molar pregnancy in the cesarean scar is tough to differentiate from a normal cesarean scar pregnancy with serum hCG or sonogram. It was necessary to perform a histological examination of the post operative specimen for the cesarean scar pregnancy. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion is needed for early diagnosis and management of cesarean scar molar pregnancy. If we ignore it, it can be challenging to manage and can have potentially catastrophic consequences.
Detection of uterine artery hemodynamic changes in patients with gestational hypertension based on Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Wang Y. , Lu X.Y. , Xu F. , Huang H.M. , Xu Y. , Xi X.W.
Published: August 2020

Doppler ultrasonography has great value in detecting the changes in uterine artery hemodynamics in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension. In the present study, 50 women with gestational hypertension and 50 normal pregnant women were selected. The comparison of the general data and laboratory examination revealed that the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and mean arterial pressure were significantly higher in the gestational hypertension group, when compared to the normal group (P < 0.05), while the serum albumin value was significantly lower in the gestational hypertension group, when compared to the normal group (P < 0.05). The Doppler ultrasonography revealed that the S/D, PI and RI values were significantly higher in the gestational hypertension group, when compared to the normal group (P < 0.05). In comparing the pregnancy outcome, the gestational hypertension group had shorter pregnancy termination time, lower birth weight, and more adverse outcomes, such as premature delivery, fetal distress and fetal growth restriction (FGR) (P < 0.05). The multi-variate regression analysis suggested that only the hemodynamic changes of the uterine artery can be used for predicting the outcome of pregnancy. These results revealed that the uterine artery hemodynamics of patients with gestational hypertension present with significant changes, when compared to normal women, which can be used in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. Targeted intervention can be provided to women with gestational hypertension to reduce the adverse pregnancy outcomes, according to the ultrasonography results.
Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin-2 (Ngal) levels in preeclampsia
Authors: Yolli H. , Demir M.E. , Yildizhan R.
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is an immune modulator. It is highly associated with inflammation, ischemia, neoplastic invasion, and transformation. Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disease resulting from the incomplete invasion of trophoblasts. Endothelial cytokines and inflammation have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of PE. We aimed to investigate serum LCN-2 levels in pregnant women with either no PE, mild PE or severe PE. Furthermore, we determined how LCN-2 levels relate to findings of Doppler ultrasound of the arteries in these patients. Material and Methods: Pregnant women with severe PE (n = 51), mild PE (n = 27), or no PE (n = 42) were involved in the study. Serum LCN-2 levels and Doppler ultrasonography (USG) evaluation were performed at the time of diagnosis of PE or in the cases of uncomplicated pregnancy, just prior to delivery. Women with non-complicated pregnancies were followed up for an additional 8 weeks after delivery. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was evaluated according to Alexander curve references. Results: Serum LCN-2 levels were significantly higher in pregnant women with PE. Higher LCN-2 levels were found in association with abnormal uterine blood flow and IUGR. Mean gestational age was lower in preeclamptic pregnancies and associated with high serum levels of LCN-2. Conclusion: PE is one of the most prevalent causes of pregnancy-associated complications. Early diagnosis and management of the disease are crucial. The level of serum LCN-2 may provide additional prognostic value along with other clinical and laboratory features of the disease.
Current methods of non-invasive fetal heart rate surveillance
Authors: Theodoridou A. , Athanasiadis A. , Tsakmakidis G. , Tsakiridis Ι. , Pilavidi A. , Vosnakis C. , Dagklis T. , Mavromatidis G. , Mamopoulos A.
Published: August 2020

Introduction: As accurate fetal evaluation during labor is essential, there is a continuous need for better noninvasive ways of monitoring. Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is an essential tool towards effective fetal assessment during labor, with the invasive Intrapartum ST Segment Analyses (STAN) system an early favorite. There are very few non-invasive EFM devices worldwide, with only two having Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Methodology: This state of the science review focuses on the most recent available scientific data regarding the role of non-invasive EFM and its effect on perinatal outcomes. Results: The Monica AN24 system, FDA approved and comparable to an external Doppler CTG, is independent of maternal BMI. The Mind child Meridian monitor, the second EFM device with FDA approval, is comparable to STAN, but with up to 32 electrodes for improved accuracy it can be difficult for medical professionals to master. The Nemo System, new to the market, was found to be highly acceptable as a 24-hour monitoring device by pregnant women in a single inaugural pilot study. Discussion: Non-invasive monitoring technology is making progress but there are still issues with signal acquisition and quality that stem from the newfound mobility of the monitored pregnant women. The two FDA approved devices are promising with a few caveats and there are also new devices that aim to improve on the shortcomings of the leaders with promising advances in signal acquisition and processing via additional electrodes and setups.
The Global Burden of Disease fertility forecasts: Summary of the approach used and associated statistical concerns
Authors: Alkema Leontine
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project’s forecasts up to 2100 suggest fertility drops will be even greater in sub-Saharan Africa than the UN Population Division (UNPD) has predicted. OBJECTIVE This reflection summarizes the main assumptions used in the GBD fertility forecasts. I assess the methods used, focusing on high fertility countries and the use of met need for contraceptives as a predictor. RESULTSBased on GBD’s forecasting method, I draw two conclusions. Firstly, GBD fertility forecasts are based on unvalidated assumptions about increasing met need for contraception and may overestimate decreases in fertility in countries with low levels of modern contraceptive use. Secondly, the GBD forecast model for fertility is not a causal model for predicting changes. Claims GBD researchers make about the effect of changing access to family planning on fertility are not informative for guiding policy. Based on the GBD validation exercise, I conclude that the GBD study did not check the performance of the method for predicting left-out fertility data. Also the approach used to compare the predictive performance of UNPD and GBD forecasting methods may give the GBD method an inherent advantage.CONCLUSIONSCommunication regarding the GBD method and its findings must avoid causal language and acknowledge the method’s limitations. Future research should examine the performance of the method, especially for countries with low modern contraceptive use.CONTRIBUTIONThis paper summarizes the GBD fertility forecasting method and indicates three areas of concern about it and its use.
Statistical field theory of the transmission of nerve impulses
Authors: Zangari del Balzo Gianluigi
Published: August 2020

Stochastic processes leading voltage-gated ion channel dynamics on the nerve cell membrane are a sufficient condition to describe membrane conductance through statistical mechanics of disordered and complex systems. Voltage-gated ion channels in the nerve cell membrane are described by the Ising model. Stochastic circuital elements called ”Ising machines” are introduced. Action potentials are described as quasi-particles of a statistical field theory for the Ising system. The particle description of action potentials is a powerful new tool for describing the generation and propagation of nerve impulses. We thus have the opportunity to exploit another useful point of view to describe the generation and propagation of nerve impulses, especially when classical electrophysiological models break down. Moreover, the corpuscular description allows us to develop new hardware and software devices based on particle physics to study neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases (Multiple Sclerosis), even integrated by connectomes. It is also suitable for the study of complex networks, cryptography, machine learning, quantum computing and many other applications of medical, physical and engineering interest.
Mutation analysis of structural and non-structural proteins indicated that the death rate of COVID-19 pandemic may significantly reduce by the end of 2020
Authors: Bhadra Bhaskar , Jalali Saakshi , Dasgupta Santanu
Published: August 2020

The outbreak of the infectious and rapidly expanding coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to a devastating effect on public health and the global economy. The daily country-wise updates from the World Health Organization on number of infected cases and death rates show diverse statistics. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis between the COVID-19 death rate and mutation rate for selected structural and non-structural proteins. A total of 7200 genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 virus from 49 countries were investigated. The mutation rate of specific proteins of SARS-CoV-2 over the last four months (April – July, 2020) was correlated with the death rate across various countries. From our findings, we suggest a significant correlation between the mutation rates of NSP6 and Surface glycoprotein with the death rate. Additional analysis of cumulative mutation rate of these two proteins with the death rate of three major clusters helped us to hypothesize that mutations of these 2 proteins will grow consistently while the death rate would drop below 0.5% by end of 2020 in cluster I countries. Hence, we propose that with the current mutation rate trend, COVID-19 death rate would significantly weaken by the end of this year.
COVID-19: Energy landscape theory of SARS-CoV-2 complexes with Particulate Matter
Authors: Zangari del Balzo Gianluigi
Published: August 2020

In the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, the thermodynamics of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has been overlooked and, therefore, much is still unknown. Hence there is a serious methodological problem which, if not addressed and solved, can invalidate the results of the entire research and prophylaxis. In particular, most of the structural and functional models of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus lack a correct definition of the thermodynamics of the viral particle with its environment. This is a serious systematic error. In the present work we therefore study the thermodynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in its "hunting" environment, from air transport to cellular entry into the host. The first fundamental point is that in the study of the thermodynamics of the air environment of SARS-CoV-2, the presence of nanoparticles, dust, pollutants and other particles of an order of magnitude at least comparable to that of the viral particle cannot be overlooked. This work therefore starts from a comparative study of the environments in China and Italy, the first countries affected by the infection. When the present study started (February 2020) there was still no evidence of a correlation between the spread of infection and pollution, but today there is much experimental evidence of this. Indeed, many studies agree that the countries most affected by the pandemic are also the most polluted. Apart from the initial case of China and Italy, we have thus evidence of this correlation in other countries hard hit by the pandemic such as the United States, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Brazil and others. We therefore propose a theory of the energy landscape of the cooperative and synergistic complexes that the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 forms with particulate dust and other pollutants. This model explains both the effects of the selective pressure exerted by the environment on the parasite, and the emergence of devastating viral quasi-species, tracing in a single formalism the main variables and parameters that describe the formation of synergistic and cooperative complexes of SARS-CoV- 2 with the particles present in the environment. It explains in particular why the complexification of the parasite due to the environmental selective pressure in the environment is not only necessary for its survival and reproductive strategy, but at the same time has a devastating effect for the host species. Ultimately, on the basis of this model it is therefore possible: 1) on the one hand to explain the thermodynamics of the phenomenon to avoid the onset of dangerous systematic errors 2) on the other to devise new research tools and methods to study the evolution and spread of infection 3) at the same time, making any improvements to vaccine prophylaxis, focusing research on the most dangerous viral quasi-species, saving time, resources and costs for the companies that produce the vaccines.
Case report of potential Apixaban overdose
Authors: Tabaee Damavandi Pardis
Published: August 2020

A case report is analysed where a patient prevented a drug overdose due to the Pharmacy team's efforts in questioning the patient's mode of self-administration.
TINJAUAN TENTANG KONSEP KEHARMONISAN KELUARGA
Authors: Suparman
Published: August 2020

Tinajaun tentang konsep keharmonisan keluarga dari sudut panadang kekristenan
Parent-Adolescent Interactions and Substance Use: A Prospective, Observational Study of Mexican Origin Families
Authors: Clark D. Angus , Donnellan Brent , Robins Richard
Published: August 2020

Parent-adolescent relationship quality is a predictor of adolescent substance use. However, most research in this area has relied on questionnaire based assessments of both substance use and interpersonal family dynamics. Furthermore, prior work has typically focused on European American samples. These gaps are addressed in the current study via the evaluation of the prospective associations between observed parent-adolescent interactions in 7th grade, and substance use in 9th and 12th grade, in a longitudinal sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674). Adolescents’ observed behaviors towards parents were weakly but significantly predictive of future substance use, especially observed hostility. Results add to the literature suggesting that family processes are relevant in the development of substance use, and offer converging evidence regarding the role of early aggressive tendencies and later substance use.
Reality cheque: Different methods of eliciting fear-related beliefs reveal multiple representations of threat
Authors: Elsey James , Metselaar Vivian Nicole , Effting Marieke , Kindt Merel
Published: August 2020

Influential models of fears and phobias suggest that irrational threat beliefs underpin excessive fear. Yet, many fearful individuals recognize their fear is not justified. Drawing on memory competition/multiple representations theory, we investigated whether different methods of probing fear-related beliefs might reveal conflicting representations of threat. In a proof-of-concept questionnaire study (N = 145) and three experiments (Experiment 1, N = 49, Experiment 2, N = 47, Experiment 3, N = 75), fearful and non-fearful participants not only provided Probability Ratings for fear-related outcomes in a fear-relevant exposure task, but placed Bets, with payoffs depending on what happened in reality. Fearful participants displayed much higher Probability Ratings than Low fear participants. However, Bets revealed far less consistent group differences, even when proximal to threat (Experiments 1 and 2), and differences between High and Low fear participants’ Bets disappeared when they could not be anchored to their Probability Ratings (Experiment 3). A Neutral Betting task also showed that general betting strategies were comparable between groups. Our findings are consistent with multiple representations theories of beliefs, and may provide insights into the complex interplay of adaptive and maladaptive beliefs that is a central focus of currently dominant therapies.
Can You Believe it? An Investigation into the Impact of Retraction Source Credibility on the Continued Influence Effect
Authors: Ecker Ullrich K. H. , Antonio Luke
Published: August 2020

The continued influence effect refers to the finding that people often continue to rely on misinformation in their reasoning even if the information has been retracted. The present study aimed to investigate the extent to which the effectiveness of a retraction is determined by its credibility. In particular, we aimed to scrutinize previous findings suggesting that perceived trustworthiness but not perceived expertise of the retraction source determines a retraction’s effectiveness, and that continued influence arises only if a retraction is not believed. In two experiments, we found that indeed source trustworthiness but not source expertise influences retraction effectiveness, with retractions from low-trustworthiness sources entirely ineffective. We also found that retraction belief is indeed a predictor of continued reliance on misinformation, but that substantial continued influence effects can still occur with retractions designed to be and rated as highly credible.
The Mediating Effect of Language on the Development of Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind
Authors: Bigelow Felicity J , Clark Gillian M , Lum Jarrad , Enticott Peter Gregory
Published: August 2020

Theory of mind (ToM) development is critical to effective social functioning and appears to depend on complementary language abilities. The current study explored the mediating influence of language on the development of cognitive and affective ToM. 151 children aged between 5-12 years completed ToM (cognitive and affective) and language assessments, and parents provided ratings of their child’s empathic ability. Results showed that language mediated the relationship between age and both cognitive and affective ToM, but not parent-reported cognitive empathy. Examination of younger and older subgroups revealed that language mediated cognitive and affective ToM differently across developmental periods. Findings highlight the dynamic role that language plays in the development of both cognitive and affective ToM throughout early and middle childhood.