bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal stress and development of infant attention to threat‐related facial expressions
Authors: Reilly Emily B. , Dickerson Kelli L. , Pierce Lara J. , Leppänen Jukka , Valdes Viviane , Gharib Alma , Thompson Barbara L. , Schlueter Lisa J. , Levitt Pat , Nelson Charles A.
Published: October 2022

Attentional biases to threat‐related stimuli, such as fearful and angry facial expressions, are important to survival and emerge early in development. Infants demonstrate an attentional bias to fearful facial expressions by 5–7 months of age and an attentional bias toward anger by 3 years of age that are modulated by experiential factors. In a longitudinal study of 87 mother–infant dyads from families predominantly experiencing low income, we examined whether maternal stress and depressive symptoms were associated with trajectories of attentional biases to threat, assessed during an attention disengagement eye‐tracking task when infants were 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month old. By 9 months, infants demonstrated a generalized bias toward threat (both fearful and angry facial expressions). Maternal perceived stress was associated with the trajectory of the bias toward angry facial expressions between 6 and 12 months. Specifically, infants of mothers with higher perceived stress exhibited a greater bias toward angry facial expressions at 6 months that decreased across the next 6 months, compared to infants of mothers with lower perceived stress who displayed an increased bias to angry facial expressions over this age range. Maternal depressive symptoms and stressful life events were not associated with trajectories of infant attentional bias to anger or fear. These findings highlight the role of maternal perceptions of stress in shaping developmental trajectories of threat‐alerting systems.
Exposure to lead and cadmium is associated with fasting plasma glucose and type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults
Authors: Wang Bin , Chen Chi , Zhang Wen , Chen Yi , Xia Fangzhen , Wang Ningjian , Lu Yingli
Published: October 2022

Aims

Exposure to lead and cadmium has been associated with type 2 diabetes, but the results are largely inconsistent, and little is known about their joint effect. We aimed to investigate the associations of lead and cadmium co‐exposure with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

The study included 5732 participants aged ≥18 years from 16 communities in East China. Blood levels of lead and cadmium were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the associations of lead and cadmium alone or in combination with FPG and diabetes.

Results

The median (interquartile range) values of blood lead and cadmium were 40.0 (26.8–57.9) and 1.70 (0.56–3.60) μg/L, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, blood lead levels were positively associated with FPG (difference comparing extreme lead quartiles = 0.11 [95% CI: 0.03, 0.20] mmol/L) and prevalent diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.35 [95% CI: 1.03, 1.78]). The association between lead and diabetes was observed among participants with high cadmium, but not among those with low cadmium (P for interaction = 0.03). In the joint analysis, compared with participants with low levels of blood lead and cadmium, participants with high levels of two metals had a 0.16 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.25) mmol/L increase in FPG and a 51% (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.99) increase in odds of diabetes.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that lead and cadmium co‐exposure is significantly associated with elevated FPG and type 2 diabetes in the general population.
The continuous spectrum of glycaemic variability changes with pancreatic islet function: A multicentre cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Zhang Liyin , Guo Keyu , Tian Qi , Ye Jianan , Ding Zhiyi , Zhou Qin , Wu Jieru , Fan Li , Pan Niansi , Niu Xiaohong , Zhao Qian , Ma Yujin , Jiang Hongwei , Huang Gan , Li Xia , Zhou Zhiguang , Yang Lin
Published: October 2022

Aims

To investigate glycaemic variability (GV) patterns in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).

Materials and Methods

A total of 842 subjects (510 T1D, 105 LADA, 227 T2D) were enrolled and underwent 1 week of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Clinical characteristics and CGM parameters were compared among T1D, LADA, and T2D. LADA patients were divided into two subgroups based on glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody titres (≥180 U/mL [LADA‐1], <180 U/mL [LADA‐2]) and compared. The C‐peptide cut‐offs for predicting a coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose ≥36% and a time in range (TIR) > 70% were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results

Twenty‐seven patients (9 T1D, 18 T2D) were excluded due to insufficient CGM data. Sex, diabetes duration and HbA1c were comparable among the three groups. Fasting and 2‐h postprandial C‐peptide (FCP, 2hCP) increased sequentially across T1D, LADA, and T2D. T1D and LADA patients had comparable TIR and GV, whereas those with T2D had much higher TIR and lower GV (p < 0.001). The GV of LADA‐1 was close to that of T1D, while the GV of LADA‐2 was close to that of T2D. CP exhibited the strongest negative correlation with GV. The cut‐offs of FCP/2hCP for predicting a CV ≥ 36% and TIR >70% were 121.6/243.1 and 128.9/252.8 pmol/L, respectively.

Conclusions

GV presented a continuous spectrum across T1D, LADA‐1, LADA‐2, and T2D. More frequent glucose monitoring is suggested for patients with impaired insulin secretion.

Clinical Trail Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registration (ChiCTR) website approved by WHO; http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ‐ ChiCTR2200065036
Tree diversity effects on productivity depend on mycorrhizae and life strategies in a temperate forest experiment
Authors: Dietrich Peter , Ferlian Olga , Huang Yuanyuan , Luo Shan , Quosh Julius , Eisenhauer Nico
Published: October 2022

Tree species are known to predominantly interact either with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding whether these mycorrhizae differently influence biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships and whether a combination of both can increase community productivity. In 2015, we established a tree‐diversity experiment by growing tree communities with varying species richness levels (one, two, or four species) and either with AM or EM tree species or a combination of both. We investigated basal area and annual basal area increment from 2015 to 2020 as proxies for community productivity. We found significant positive relationships between tree species richness and community productivity, which strengthened over time. Further, AM and EM tree species differently influenced productivity; however, there was no overyielding when AM and EM trees grew together. EM tree communities were characterized by low productivity in the beginning but an increase of increment over time and showed overall strong biodiversity effects. For AM tree communities the opposite was true. Although young trees did not benefit from the presence of the other mycorrhizal type, dissimilar mechanisms underlying BEF relationships in AM and EM trees indicate that maximizing tree and mycorrhizal diversity may increase ecosystem functioning in the long run.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Mixed‐Metal Triangular Complexes Based on Ferrocene‐Based Ligands and Dinuclear Arene Ruthenium Building Blocks
Authors: Horikoshi Ryo , Sumitani Ryo , Shimooka Natsuko , Mochida Tomoyuki
Published: October 2022

Ferrocene‐based multidentate ligands have been widely used as metalloligands in crystal engineering because they self‐assemble into mixed‐metal complexes with various transition‐metal salts. In the present study, the ferrocene‐based ligand 1,2‐di(4‐pyridylthio)ferrocene (LFc) was complexed with dinuclear arene ruthenium building blocks [(p‐cymene)2Ru2(μ‐L)](OTf)2 to form the following trinuclear complexes with triangular structures: [(p‐cymene)2Ru2(μ‐L)(μ‐LFc)](OTf)2 [L=5,8‐dioxido‐1,4‐naphtoquinonato (1 a), 2,3‐dichloro‐5,8‐dioxido‐1,4‐naphtoquinonato (1 b), 2,5‐dioxido‐1,4‐benzoquinonato (2 a), 2,5‐dichloro‐3,6‐dioxido‐1,4‐benzoquinonato (2 b), and oxalato (3): OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate]. A similar complexation of the ferrocene‐based ligand with [(p‐cymene)2Ru2Cl4] afforded a V‐shaped trinuclear complex [(p‐cymene)2Ru2Cl4(μ‐LFc)] (4). This study reveals the crystal structure and electronic states of 1–4. The absorption wavelengths and redox potentials of the trinuclear complexes depended on the type of L.
Improvement of Solid Photoluminescence of Tridentate Schiff Base Pt(II) Foldamer by Hybridizing Poly (4‐Vinylpyridine)
Authors: Achira Hiroto , Nakamura Masashi , Shidzuma Motohiro , Watase Seiji
Published: October 2022

A series of bis(tridentate Schiff base platinum) complex (Pt2L2) linked with 2‐methylenepropane‐1,3‐diyl were synthesized, and their photophysical properties were examined to analyze different solid states. X‐ray crystallographic analysis indicated that Pt2L2 containing 4‐vinylpyridine (Pt2L24VP) as a ligand had a helically‐folded structure. It caused upfield chemical shifts and a redshift in UV‐Vis absorption spectra compared to the analogous mononuclear complex. Pt2L2 containing dimethylsulfoxide (Pt2L2DMSO) had no such helically‐folded structure due to the steric repulsion of DMSO. Pt2L24VP did not exhibit solid photoluminescence owing to the crystal packing. The mixture of poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and Pt2L2DMSO (Pt2L2DMSO−P4VP) showed a similar redshift in UV‐Vis absorption and excitation spectra to Pt2L24VP, implying the helically‐folded structure of Pt2L2 with P4VP coordination. The Pt2L2DMSO−P4VP exhibited solid photoluminescence with a longer phosphorescence lifetime (2.4 μs) than the Pt2L24VP crystals (0.5 μs), indicating regulated aggregation of the Pt2L2 frames in the P4VP matrix.
Methodologies for the Derivatization of Resorcin[4]arenes at the Upper Rim ortho‐Positions
Authors: Ngodwana Lonwabo , Bout Wanda , Nqaba Zoleka , Motlokoa Teboho , Vatsha Banele
Published: October 2022

Resorcin[4]arenes are not as extensively studied as their sister compounds, calix[4]arenes, owing to challenges in synthetic methodologies for their derivatization from the perceptive of molecular economy. In this tutorial review, we briefly illustrate the summary of their access methodologies together with their limitations, focusing at the derivatization of the ortho‐positions in the upper rim. We hope to spark a refreshed surge in the development of these derivatization strategies, allowing access to novel molecules and futuristic applications, putting resorcin[4]arenes at the center stage of research for which they were meant.
Aza‐oxyallyl Cations and Their Applications in (3+m) Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Deeksha  , Singh Ritesh
Published: October 2022

Aza‐oxyallyl cations, as proposed by Sheehan in the 1960s have garnered significant attention among the synthetic organic community, owing to their diverse reactivity profile for constructing N‐scaffolds of biological interest. During its initial growth, aza‐oxyallyl cations were used effectively as a 3‐unit synthon as 1,3 dipoles to create N‐heterocycles via cycloaddition reactions, wherein aza‐oxyallyl cation served as electrophilic counterpart. Recently, new variations of aza‐oxyallyl cations reactivity have been reported, including its usage as a 1,4 dipole in cycloaddition reactions, domino reactions, and the unique alkylating ability of heteroatoms. This review article provides an update of the recent developments in this area and the prevailing mechanistic insight.
Safety and adverse events following COVID‐19 vaccination among people with epilepsy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ong Marjorie Jia Yi , Khoo Ching Soong , Lee Yi Xuan , Poongkuntran Vaanee , Tang Chia Khoi , Choong Yu Joe , Hod Rozita , Tan Hui Jan
Published: October 2022

Objective

Epilepsy is a non‐communicable disease costing a massive burden globally. It is known that there is increased prevalence of morbidity and mortality following COVID‐19 infection among people with epilepsy (PWE). However, there is limited information about the adverse events following COVID‐19 immunization among PWE. Hence, this study aimed to assess the safety and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of various COVID‐19 vaccines among PWE from our centre, focusing on neurological AEFI.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study recruited 120 adult PWE from the Neurology Clinic of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Consent‐taking was conducted via synchronous or asynchronous approaches, followed by a phone call interview session. The interview collected socio‐demographic information, epilepsy‐related variables, and vaccination‐related variables. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were done to confirm factors associated with the AEFI of COVID‐19 vaccination.

Results

Among all types of COVID‐19 vaccines, most of the PWE received the Cominarty® COVID‐19 vaccination (52.5%). Overall, local AEFI was the quickest to develop, with an average onset within a day. PWE with normal body mass index (BMI) had a higher risk of developing both local and systemic AEFI compared to those underweight and obese PWE (OR: 15.09, 95% CI 1.70–134.28, P = 0.02).

Significance

COVID‐19 vaccines are safe for PWE. AEFI among PWE are similar to those of the general population following COVID‐19 vaccination. Therefore, clinicians should encourage PWE to take COVID‐19 vaccines.
Quantitative evaluation of unconsolidated sandstone heavy oil reservoirs based on machine learning
Authors: Wang Zhao , Tang Hongming , Hou Yawei , Shi Hongfu , Li Jingling , Yang Tao , Feng Yutian , Meng Wang
Published: October 2022

Classification and evaluation of reservoirs conforming to geological characteristics are the proposed premises of the high‐quality development of unconsolidated sandstone heavy oil reservoirs. The P oilfield in Bohai Bay is one of the largest offshore oilfields in China, but the reservoirs are highly heterogeneous, have complex pore structures, and change fluid properties, which make the classification of reservoirs very difficult. At present, the most commonly used reservoir classification methods are based on the results of logging interpretation, which cannot eliminate the constraints of linear relationships such as empirical formulas. Machine learning has significant advantages for identifying reservoir classification problems that are complex and nonlinear with geological characteristics. First, this study fully considered the pore structure and fluid properties and selected four representative evaluation parameters. An improved K‐means method was used to establish a reservoir classification evaluation system. Characteristics, such as the sedimentary microfacies, pore structure and oilfield production performance, of different types of reservoirs were then analysed. Finally, six logging curves were selected as input results, reservoir classification was used as an output result, and XGBoost was used to carry out reservoir classification evaluation for the entire area. The accuracy of XGBoost was 85.35%. Furthermore, XGBoost was compared with three other machine learning methods to confirm its reliability. The results showed that the reservoirs in the study area can be divided into three types. Sandstone thickness and pore structure were the most important parameters that affected reservoir quality. Among various machine learning algorithms, XGBoost can accurately and quickly achieve a quantitative evaluation of reservoir quality.
Permian back‐arc basin formation and arc migration in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt,NorthwestChina
Authors: Santos Gabriel S. , Hong Tong , van Staal Cees R. , Bedard Jean , Lin Shoufa , Wang Kai
Published: October 2022

The 290–280 Ma mafic Liuyuan Complex, embedded in the terranes constituting the southern edge of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, has been interpreted to be either an ophiolite or an intracontinental large igneous province. Our detailed mapping shows that the Liuyuan Complex preserves an almost complete oceanic crustal section, with basal troctolite cumulates, varitextured gabbro affected by intense sub‐seafloor hydrothermal circulation, a newly discovered, and laterally‐continuous sheeted dyke complex, capped by basaltic pillows. This architecture is inconsistent with a continental rift‐layered intrusion model for the Liuyuan Complex, which we interpret as oceanic crust formed by seafloor spreading. The trace element ratios (Th/Yb, V/Ti, La/Sm, and La/Nb) of the lavas is consistent with a back‐arc basin environment. We suggest that the slab subducting to the north and forming the Ganquan arc system rolled back around 292 Ma, opening a back‐arc basin (the Liuyuan Complex). This oceanic basin started to close from ca. 281 Ma, with north‐dipping subduction under the accreted terranes constituting the southern active margin of Composite Siberia. The Liuyuan Complex was eventually obducted southwards over the Ganquan arc as part of the upper plate during the final closure of the back‐arc basin.
CuATSM effectively ameliorates ALS patient astrocyte‐mediated motor neuron toxicity in human in vitro models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Dennys Cassandra N. , Roussel Florence , Rodrigo Rochelle , Zhang Xiaojin , Sierra Delgado Andrea , Hartlaub Annalisa , Saelim‐Ector Asya , Ray Will , Heintzman Sarah , Fox Ashley , Kolb Stephen J. , Beckman Joseph , Franco Maria Clara , Meyer Kathrin
Published: October 2022

Patient diversity and unknown disease cause are major challenges for drug development and clinical trial design for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Transgenic animal models do not adequately reflect the heterogeneity of ALS. Direct reprogramming of patient fibroblasts to neuronal progenitor cells and subsequent differentiation into patient astrocytes allows rapid generation of disease relevant cell types. Thus, this methodology can facilitate compound testing in a diverse genetic background resulting in a more representative population for therapeutic evaluation. Here, we used established co‐culture assays with motor neurons and reprogrammed patient skin‐derived astrocytes (iAs) to evaluate the effects of (SP‐4‐2)‐[[2,2’‐(1,2‐dimethyl‐1,2‐ethanediylidene)bis[N‐methylhydrazinecarbothioamidato‐κN2,κS]](2‐)]‐copper (CuATSM), currently in clinical trial for ALS in Australia. Pretreatment of iAs with CuATSM had a differential effect on neuronal survival following co‐culture with healthy motor neurons. Using this assay, we identified responding and non‐responding cell lines for both sporadic and familial ALS (mutant SOD1 and C9ORF72). Importantly, elevated mitochondrial respiration was the common denominator in all CuATSM‐responders, a metabolic phenotype not observed in non‐responders. Pre‐treatment of iAs with CuATSM restored mitochondrial activity to levels comparable to healthy controls. Hence, this metabolic parameter might allow selection of patient subpopulations best suited for CuATSM treatment. Moreover, CuATSM might have additional therapeutic value for mitochondrial disorders. Enhanced understanding of patient‐specific cellular and molecular profiles could help improve clinical trial design in the future.
Disability, Bioethics, and the Problem of Prejudice
Authors: Scofield Giles R.
Published: October 2022

This letter responds to the essay “If Not Now, Then When? Taking Disability Seriously in Bioethics,” by Debjani Mukherjee, Preya S. Tarsney, and Kristi L. Kirschner, in the May‐June 2022 issue of the Hastings Center Report.
Efficacy and safety of fenofibrate addition therapy in patients with cirrhotic primary biliary cholangitis with incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Ding Dawei , Guo Guanya , Liu Yansheng , Zheng Linhua , Jia Gui , Deng Juan , Sun Ruiqing , Wang Xiufang , Guo Changcun , Shang Yulong , Han Ying
Published: October 2022

Fenofibrate (FF) has shown potential benefits in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) who have an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). However, the efficacy and safety of FF in patients with cirrhosis remain unclear. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of additional FF therapy in patients with PBC‐related cirrhosis with an incomplete response to UDCA, we conducted a retrospective analysis comparing the clinical results of additional FF therapy and continued UDCA monotherapy. A total of 59 patients were included; 27 cases underwent UDCA monotherapy and 32 cases underwent UDCA combined with FF therapy. A significant difference in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) normalization was achieved in the FF group compared to the UDCA group (37% vs. 11%, respectively; p = 0.020). Additional FF therapy was an independent risk factor for ALP normalization (hazard ratio, 7.679; 95% confidence interval, 2.059–28.633; p = 0.003). Hepatic deterioration was experienced by 40% versus 48% (p = 0.562) while 11% vs. 37% (p = 0.111) experienced liver‐related mortality or liver transplantation in the FF and UDCA groups, respectively. Compared to UDCA monotherapy, additional FF therapy was associated with lower United Kingdom (UK)‐PBC risk score and surrogate serum indices of liver fibrosis. After 12 months of add‐on FF therapy, median ALP level and UK‐PBC risk score decreased 35% and 52% from baseline (p = 0.001 and 0.210, respectively). Serum aminotransferase, triglyceride, and cholesterol decreased progressively, while total bilirubin, serum creatinine, blood urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate, aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index, and fibrosis‐4 index remained stable in FF‐treated cirrhotic cases during follow‐up. No significant adverse effects associated with additional FF therapy were observed in our cohort. Conclusion: Additional FF therapy was associated with higher ALP normalization rates and lower UK‐PBC risk scores in patients with cirrhotic PBC with an incomplete response to UDCA. In addition, FF therapy seemed safe and well tolerated with a low frequency of adverse effects in patients with cirrhosis.
Combined influence of cross‐diffusion and variable fluid properties on free convection flow past a vertical cone
Authors: Srinivasacharya Darbhasayanam , Rajender Bhanoth
Published: October 2022

The free convective flow of an incompressible viscous fluid over an isothermal vertical cone with variable viscosity and variable thermal conductivity is examined in the presence of the Soret and Dufour effects. As thermal and solutal boundary conditions at the cone's surface, the constant temperature and concentration (WTC) and constant heat and mass flux (HMF) cases are taken into account. The successive linearization method is applied to linearize a system of nonlinear differential equations that describes the flow under investigation. The numerical solution for the resulting linear equations is attained by means of the Chebyshev spectral method. The obtained numerical results are compared and found to be in good agreement with previously published results. The impact of significant parameters on the heat and mass transfer rates is evaluated and presented graphically for the WTC and HMF situations. In both cases, the Soret number increases the skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer while decreasing the Sherwood number. With an increase in the Dufour parameter, the coefficient of skin friction and Sherwood numbers increase while the heat transmission rate decreases.
Differential etiopathogenic features of vulvar squamous cell carcinomas in sub‐Saharan Africa and Europe
Authors: Rakislova Natalia , Carreras‐Dieguez Nuria , Manzotti Carolina , Saúde Ofelia , del Pino Marta , Chulo Laurina , Rangeiro Ricardina , Lovane Lucilia , Lorenzoni Cesaltina , Fernandes Fabiola , Rodrigo‐Calvo Maria Teresa , Diaz‐Mercedes Sherley , Ribera‐Cortada Inmaculada , Sanfeliu Esther , del Campo Ricardo López , Marimon Lorena , Alós Silvia , Vega Naiara , Pérez Francisco M. , Trias Isabel , Carrilho Carla , Ordi Jaume
Published: October 2022

Two pathways have been described for vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC), one associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), and the other HPV‐independent. We compared the etiopathogenic features of a series of VSCC from Mozambique, a sub‐Saharan country with high prevalence of HPV and HIV, with those of Spain, a European country with low prevalence of HPV and HIV. All VSCC diagnosed at the two institutions from January 2018 to December 2020 were included (n = 35 and n = 41, respectively). HPV DNA detection and genotyping, and immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53 were performed. Tumors showing p16 positive staining and/or HPV DNA positivity were considered HPV‐associated. 34/35 tumors (97%) from Mozambique and 8/41 (19%) from Spain were HPV‐associated (P < .001). Mean age of the patients from Mozambique and Spain was 45 ± 12 and 72 ± 14, respectively (P < .001). No differences were found in terms of HPV genotypes or multiple HPV infection rates. 1/35 tumors (3%) from Mozambique and 29/41 (70%) from Spain showed abnormal p53 immunostaining (P < .001). In contrast with the predominance of HPV‐independent VSCC affecting old women in Europe, most VSCC in sub‐Saharan Africa are HPV‐associated and arise in young women. This data may have important consequences for primary prevention of VSCC worldwide.
Characteristics and response to next‐generation sequencing‐guided therapy in locally advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer
Authors: Ma Yueyun , Li Wenjie , Chen Shiyu , Lin Shuimiao , Ding Sijie , Zhou Xiaomei , Liu Tongxin , Wang Rong , Wang Wei
Published: October 2022

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a main cause of cancer‐related deaths. However, genomic alterations and the clinical value of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) in advanced or metastatic EC for precision therapy remain largely unclear. Herein, we performed comprehensive analyses on a cohort of 47 individuals with advanced or metastatic EC who underwent NGS between May 2017 and February 2020. Eventually, 227 mutated genes were identified in the cohort. TP53, NQO1, DPYD, GSTM1, XRCC1 and ERCC1 were the most mutated genes and associated with immune cell infiltration, autophagy and hypoxia. Patients who received NGS‐guided treatments exhibited better objective remission rate (ORR) (72.22%), disease control rate (DCR) (88.89%), overall survival (OS) (P = .0019) and progression‐free survival (PFS) (P = .0077) than those not receiving NGS‐guided therapies. The multivariate analyses further demonstrated that the NGS‐guided therapy was an independently prognostic factor (OS: hazard radio [HR] 0.31, 95% coincidence interval [CI] 0.1‐0.97, P = .04). In conclusion, we depicted a comprehensive mutational landscape of 47 patients with locally advanced or metastatic EC and illustrated the utility of NGS testing to guide clinical management in improving ORR, DCR, OS and PFS.
Systems Skills … From Here to Diversity
Authors: Harding Alan
Published: October 2022

Competency, the ability to do things, is at the heart of how systems engineers realise successful systems. Over the years INCOSE and partners have codified what this means, initially in the INCOSE UK Competency Framework (INCOSE UK 2010) later adopted globally by INCOSE and used as the basis of the INCOSE Systems Engineering Competency Framework (INCOSE 2018) which, notably, included a new area of professional skills. This article considers competency from the perspective of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (referred to as DEI) using a variety of sources including the recently published INCOSE SE Vision 2035 (INCOSE 2022) and a variety of competency frameworks to offer a view of how the skills and competencies of systems engineers need to evolve in the future. Five new competencies are proposed, as are opportunities to improve the definitions of five more.
Systems Engineers – Value Added Product Owners
Authors: Nair Aswin Sukumaran
Published: October 2022

Agile Methodology requires specialized roles like Product Owners to act as the bridge between the business and the product delivery teams. This calls for specific skills such as a customer‐centric, design‐thinking mindset and a good vision of the overall system, its capabilities, and the ability to provide the right information at the right time.

The primary duty of a product owner is to maintain a well‐refined, prioritized backlog of work items. Systems Engineers are enabled with the right methods and tools to perform solution architecture, design synthesis, system verification, and validation. Systems Engineers have visibility into the overall system, interfaces between sub‐systems, and external interface requirements. Enabled with the knowledge of Technical Processes, Systems Engineers are able to describe System Elements, their behavior, and interactions in the best possible detail. This allows them to ensure that functional and non‐functional backlog items are defined in unambiguous adequate detail.

By applying their knowledge and expertise as mentioned above, Systems Engineers can effectively perform Product Owner duties and enables Agile teams to work efficiently to deliver the correct system increment at the end of each pre‐defined time box.
Why Mountain Bike Trails Try to Scare You Off
Authors: Wright Courtney
Published: October 2022

INCOSE Certification looks for multiple pillars of skills. Some candidates have a pillar in Systems Engineering, a pillar in other Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) skills, and a pillar in a domain (or multiple pillars in these areas). What does that look like on an application for INCOSE Certified Systems Engineering Professional (CSEP)? How do our Certification Application Reviewers (CARs) assess it? This article goes far from the commonly discussed domains and products of systems engineering and looks at how leading a bike ride can be done better by using systems engineering principles. It concludes with whether applying Systems Engineering in such an unusual case is enough to qualify a candidate for CSEP.
Understanding the information landscape in agricultural communities in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Mazumdar Suvodeep , Ehdeed Sukaina , Jimenez Andrea , Ahmed Faisal , Momen Sifat , Rasheduzzaman Mirza
Published: October 2022

Knowledge sharing in rural agricultural communities is vital to the success of farmers and sustaining high yields. A range of actors in the knowledge landscape participate in knowledge sharing, and with this, a variety of complexities are introduced. In this paper, we report on a set of field visits, interviews and focus groups in various settings to understand this complex nature of the knowledge landscape. Our study was set within multiple locations within 20 miles North‐East of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. Our findings highlight the high level of interconnectedness of different actors in the agricultural communities and the complexities involved in establishing trust of information. We report on the importance of fostering successful relationships within the communities and the growing strains of climate change.
The longitudinal course of childhood bullying victimization and associations with self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors in children and young people: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Wilson Emma , Crudgington Holly , Morgan Craig , Hirsch Colette , Prina Matthew , Gayer‐Anderson Charlotte
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Bullying victimization has consistently been highlighted as a risk factor for self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in young people. This systematic review of prospective, community‐based studies explored associations between bullying victimization (traditional/face‐to‐face and cyber) across the full spectrum of self‐harm and suicidality, in children and young people aged up to (and including) 25 years. Importantly, associations by sex/gender were explored.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus were searched for articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Articles were screened by title, abstract and full text. Quality appraisal was performed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Data were synthesized narratively. The protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021261916) and followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines.

Results

A total of 35 papers were included, across 17 countries. Results were presented by bullying type: traditional/face‐to‐face (n = 25), cyber (n = 7) and/or an aggregate of both types (n = 7). Outcomes included suicidal ideation (n = 17), self‐harm (n = 10), suicide attempt (n = 4), NSSI (n = 4), other (n = 7). Studies measured outcomes in under 18s (n = 24), 18–25‐year‐olds (n = 8) and both under 18s and 18–25‐year‐olds (n = 3). Studies exploring the role of sex/gender (20%) found some interesting nuances.

Conclusions

Some weak to strong associations between bullying and SITBs were found yet conclusions are tentative due to study heterogeneity (e.g., methods used, conceptualizations and operationalisations of exposures/outcomes). Future research should address methodological issues raised in this review, and further explore gender differences in bullying, including by bullying sub‐types (e.g., overt or relational) and victim status (e.g., victim or bully‐victim).
Click chemistry functionalization of self‐assembling peptide hydrogels
Authors: Sharick Joe T. , Atieh Angelina J. , Gooch Keith J. , Leight Jennifer L.
Published: October 2022

Self‐assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels provide a fibrous microenvironment to cells while also giving users control of biochemical and mechanical cues. Previously, biochemical cues were introduced by physically mixing them with SAPs prior to hydrogel assembly, or by incorporating them into the SAP sequence during peptide synthesis, which limited flexibility and increased costs. To circumvent these limitations, we developed “Click SAPs,” a novel formulation that can be easily functionalized via click chemistry thiol‐ene reaction. Due to its high cytocompatibility, the thiol‐ene click reaction is currently used to crosslink and functionalize other types of polymeric hydrogels. In this study, we developed a click chemistry compatible SAP platform by addition of a modified lysine (lysine‐alloc) to the SAP sequence, enabling effective coupling of thiol‐containing molecules to the SAP hydrogel network. We demonstrate the flexibility of this approach by incorporating a fluorescent dye, a cellular adhesion peptide, and a matrix metalloproteinase‐sensitive biosensor using the thiol‐ene reaction in 3D Click SAPs. Using atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that Click SAPs retain the ability to self‐assemble into fibers, similar to previous systems. Additionally, a range of physiologically relevant stiffnesses can be achieved by adjusting SAP concentration. Encapsulated cells maintain high viability in Click SAPs and can interact with adhesion peptides and a matrix metalloproteinase biosensor, demonstrating that incorporated molecules retain their biological activity. The Click SAP platform supports easier functionalization with a wider array of bioactive molecules and enables new investigations with temporal and spatial control of the cellular microenvironment.
Biomimetic engineered approaches for neural tissue engineering: Spinal cord injury
Authors: Pourkhodadad Soheila , Hosseinkazemi Hessam , Bonakdar Shahin , Nekounam Houra
Published: October 2022

The healing process for spinal cord injuries is complex and presents many challenges. Current advances in nerve regeneration are based on promising tissue engineering techniques, However, the chances of success depend on better mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) of neural tissue and better supporting neurons in a three‐dimensional environment. The ECM provides excellent biological conditions, including desirable morphological features, electrical conductivity, and chemical compositions for neuron attachment, proliferation and function. This review outlines the rationale for developing a construct for neuron regrowth in spinal cord injury using appropriate biomaterials and scaffolding techniques.
Peripheral blood stem cells collection by apheresis in very low‐weight children with malignant diseases—A single center experience
Authors: Vieira Lúcia , Teixeira Sofia , Reis Conceição , Salselas Ana , Bordalo Filipa , Lopes Sérgio , Pinho Catarina , Amado Fátima , Roncon Susana
Published: October 2022

Background

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used in the treatment of children with malignant and non‐malignant diseases. However, apheresis of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) represents a challenge in children below 10 kg.

Methods

A retrospective trial was conducted in the Cellular Therapy Department of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto. Inclusion criteria: children with body weight inferior to 10 kg who underwent autologous PBSC apheresis until 2021. Demographic and clinical data were collected and our institutional protocol was described. COBE Spectra apheresis system (TerumoBCT, Lakewood, Colorado) until 2012 and then Spectra Optia (TerumoBCT) were used.

Results

Sixteen leukocytaphereses were performed in 13 patients—nine females (69%). Mean age and weight were 13.31 months (±5.26) and 8.31 kg (±1.17), respectively. The initial CD34+ cells/μL in peripheral blood was 70.8 (±61.9). A central venous catheter (CVC) was exclusively used in all but one patient, in whom a peripheral vein was also required. In 10 procedures, both heparin and anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution—formula A (ACD‐A) were used; in the remaining ones, only ACD‐A was employed. The median duration of each procedure was 168 minutes (±45) and 2.96 blood volumes (±0.31) were processed. Median CD34+ cells yield per leukocytapheresis was 6.52 × 106/kg (±9.87 × 106). CD34+ cell extraction rates were not significantly different between the two apheresis systems. Platelet and magnesium levels were significantly lower after collection (P < .001 and P = .009, respectively).

Conclusions

Although recommendations are lacking, we have successfully and safely performed leukocytaphereses in children with body weight below 10 kg. The authors believe that a permanent and dynamic comprehensive evaluation of each child is paramount for attaining good results.
Contaminating transfection complexes can masquerade as small extracellular vesicles and impair their delivery of RNA
Authors: McCann Jenna , Sosa‐Miranda Carmen Daniela , Guo Huishan , Reshke Ryan , Savard Alexandre , Zardini Buzatto Adriana , Taylor James A. , Li Liang , Gibbings Derrick J.
Published: October 2022

One of the functions of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) which has received the most attention is their capacity to deliver RNA into the cytoplasm of target cells. These studies have often been performed by transfecting RNAs into sEV‐producing cells, to later purify and study sEV delivery of RNA. Transfection complexes and other delivery vehicles accumulate in late endosomes where sEV are formed and over 50% of transfection complexes or delivery vehicles administered to cells are released again to the extracellular space by exocytosis. This raises the possibility that transfection complexes could alter sEVs and contaminate sEV preparations. We found that widely used transfection reagents including RNAiMax and INTERFERin accumulated in late endosomes. These transfection complexes had a size similar to sEV and were purified by ultracentrifugation like sEV. Focusing on the lipid‐based transfection reagent RNAiMax, we found that preparations of sEV from transfected cells contained lipids from transfection complexes and transfected siRNA was predominantly in particles with the density of transfection complexes, rather than sEV. This suggests that transfection complexes, such as lipid‐based RNAiMax, may frequently contaminate sEV preparations and could account for some reports of sEV‐mediated delivery of nucleic acids. Transfection of cells also impaired the capacity of sEVs to deliver stably‐expressed siRNAs, suggesting that transfection of cells may alter sEVs and prevent the study of their endogenous capacity to deliver RNA to target cells.
Mulberry leaf extract improves intestinal barrier function and displays beneficial effects on colonic microbiota and microbial metabolism in weaned piglets
Authors: Song Min , Wang Chaopu , Yu Miao , Deng Dun , Liu Zhichang , Cui Yiyang , Tian Zhimei , Rong Ting , Li Zhenming , Ma Xianyong , Ti Junling
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Mulberry leaf extract (MLE) extracted from mulberry leaves is rich in a variety of bioactive ingredients and can be used as feed additives of weaned piglets. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary MLE supplementation on intestinal barrier function, colon microbial numbers and microbial metabolites of weaned piglets.

RESULTS

MLE supplementation increased the villus height and the villus height/crypt depth ratio in jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05), increased the mRNA expression of ZO‐1, Claudin‐1 and MUC‐2 in the ileal mucosa (P < 0.05), and decreased the serum level of lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, MLE reduced the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β (P < 0.05) and increased secretory immunoglobulin A level in the ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). In addition, MLE increased the numbers of beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (P < 0.05) and decreased the number of potential pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli (P < 0.05) in the colon. Correspondingly, MLE supplementation reduced the pH value of colonic digesta (P < 0.05) and altered the microbial fermentation pattern of the colon by increasing the concentrations of microbial metabolites derived from carbohydrates fermentation such as lactate, acetate, butyrate and total short‐chain fatty acids (P < 0.05), and decreasing the concentrations of microbial metabolites derived from amino acid fermentation such as p‐cresol, skatole, spermine, histamine and tryptamine (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

MLE supplementation improved intestinal barrier function and displayed beneficial effects on colon microbes and microbial metabolism in weaned piglets. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Anthropomorphizing religious advertising: The moderating role of political ideology
Authors: van Esch Patrick , Cui Yuanyuan (Gina) , Arli Denni , Hutchins Jennifer
Published: October 2022

We examine the anthropomorphism of brands as either a servant or a partner in religious advertising. Across five studies, we demonstrate that the impact of such anthropomorphism depends on consumers' political ideology. When exposed to religious advertisements (vs. nonreligious advertisements; Studies 1B and 1C), politically conservative consumers are more favorable toward brand‐as‐a‐servant anthropomorphism (Study 1), which arises from greater state‐based compassion (Study 2). However, this conditional preference for servant anthropomorphism only occurs for less religious consumers (Study 3). This study informs marketers regarding optimizing the effectiveness of using anthropomorphic brand images in religious advertising predicated on political ideology‐based segmentation strategies. The key takeaway is that portraying a brand as a servant is more appealing for conservative consumers who are less religious.
Critical thinking abilities among newly graduated nurses: A cross‐sectional survey study in China
Authors: Sun Yongfang , Yin Yuhuan , Wang Jiancheng , Ding Zhaohong , Wang Dongping , Zhang Yiyin , Zhang Juxia , Wang Yuan
Published: October 2022

Aim

The aim of this study is to describe critical thinking dispositions among newly graduated nurses with different educational background in China and to explore related factors.

Design

A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey.

Methods

The data were collected using the Chinese Version of Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CTDI‐CV). Overall, 588 newly graduated nurses finally completed the survey. Spearman and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to examine the correlation between the CDTI‐CV and nurses' general characteristics.

Results

In terms of open‐mindedness, analysis and inquisitiveness subscales, significant differences were found among nurses based on three educational level. When dichotomizing total CTDI scores into high and low, nearly 80% of the respondents fell into low score group. Pressure from workplace was high for 68.4% of them. Significant correlation was found among the new graduated nurses' critical thinking ability and their age, education level, reading habit and attitude towards nursing profession.
A quantitative, multicentre, longitudinal study of patient experiences after gynaecological day surgery
Authors: Gran Bruun Anne‐Marie , Svensen Katrine , Johansen Elin , Halstensen Thor‐David , Gustavsson Anette , Leonardsen Ann‐Chatrin Linqvist
Published: October 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore patients' experiences after gynaecological day surgery one and 30 days postoperatively, as well as potential factors influencing these experiences.

Design

The study had a multicentre, quantitative, longitudinal design.

Methods

The study was conducted in three different hospitals' day surgical unit and included patients undergoing gynaecological surgery in general anaesthesia. We used a questionnaire including the European Quality of Life tool (EQ5D3L), the Quality‐of‐Recovery‐15 questionnaire (QoR‐15) and items relating to patient experiences, the first day (T1, n = 444) and 30 days (T2, n = 193) after surgery. Data were collected in the period March 2019 to March 2020.

Results

Results show that patients mainly had positive experiences and ranged quality of recovery high, even though some areas needed improvement. Patient scores on the QoR‐15 relating to their experiences 24 h postoperative were rated higher at T1 than at T2. Twenty per cent of the respondents experienced complications such as infection, haemorrhage and pain. About 1/5 of these contacted healthcare services, and three per cent was hospitalized. EQ5D score was the only factor that made an statistically significant impact on patients' experiences with quality of recovery (R2 .169, F = 82.87). However, this effect was weak.
Imaging of pediatric pancreas tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper
Authors: Eklund Meryle J. , States Lisa J. , Acord Michael R. , Alazraki Adina L. , Behr Gerald G. , El‐Ali Alexander M. , Morin Cara E. , Saigal Gaurav , Shet Narendra S. , Thacker Paul G. , Trout Andrew T.
Published: October 2022

Primary pancreatic tumors in children are rare with an overall age‐adjusted incidence of 0.018 new cases per 100,000 pediatric patients. The most prevalent histologic type is the solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, followed by pancreatoblastoma. This paper describes relevant imaging modalities and presents consensus‐based recommendations for imaging at diagnosis and follow‐up.