bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative approach as a vector of personalization of educational practices in a medical university
Authors: Kulemzina T. V. , Krasnozhen S. V. , Krivolap N. V. , Papkov V. E. , Morgun E. ­I.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The article discusses the formation of a model of a high quality educational process in a medical university in order to prepare a highly qualified specialist and a versatile educated person. Purpose setting. The objective of the study was to analyze the process of formation of clinical thinking, intellectual and communicative competencies in the process of preparing future specialists for professional activities in a medical university, based on the use of an integrative approach, assessment of the type of thinking and learning; constitutional features of the student and teacher; semantic differential method. Methodology and methods of the study. The methodology of the material presented in the article is based on the introduction of a systematic (holistic) approach to study the individual constitutional (mental and physical) characteristics of teachers and medical students in connection with training and further professional activities. Results. The article analyzes current trends and problematic issues of the educational process in pedagogy and andragogy, due to technological progress, the development of digital technologies, distance types and forms of education, the formation of the so-called «digital generation» of students, requiring the development and implementation of innovative methodological approaches and methods in the educational process training of specialists in medical universities. The necessity of forming not only intellectual and communicative competencies in the process of mastering a profession, but also conceptual and logical schemes of clinical thinking using the method of semantic differential is demonstrated. The role of the constitutional features of the teacher and student in the training of future specialists is shown. The relationship between the professional and personal qualities of a high school teacher and students is illustrated.Conclusion. The use of an integrative approach greatly contributes to improving the quality of the educational process in the professional training of a future medical specialist.
A Note on Invo-Regular Unital Rings
Authors: Pandey S K
Published: October 2023

In this paper we provide some important and significant observations on invo-regular rings appeared in Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Sect. A Mathematica (2018). In addition we exhibit that strongly invo-regular rings, invo-regular rings and quasi invo-regular rings all coincide with the well known and well characterized tripotent rings.
Atmospheric CO2: A 2-Box Model Accurately Tracks 14C and 13C Spanning 200 Years and Estimates Global Uptake of Fossil Fuel Emissions
Authors: Taylor Stephen E.
Published: October 2023

Based upon a radically new approach, this paper describes a 2-box absolute flow model that calculates the CO2 transfer between the atmosphere and a terrestrial / ocean mixing reservoir. Given the inputs of anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions (CO2ff), atmospheric CO2 mixing-ratio and nuclear weapons bomb yields, the model calculates atmospheric d13C and Δ14C time-series, with the level of agreement for d13C being to within ± 0.05 ‰, for Δ14C to within ± 3‰, spanning 200 years. The model contains only seven internal parameters which are varied to optimize the fit. Yet according to conventional wisdom, this model should not work. It is commonly held that the 13C and 14C isotopic forms of carbon bypass seawater carbonate chemistry, resulting in very different absorption properties (Revelle factor) as compared to 12C. This study rejects this assumption, and uses the same residence time and reservoir mixing properties for all isotopes. The paper includes an analysis justifying why the isotopic bypass of the Revelle factor is not significant. The study describes the use of the model to track CO2ff takeup using two separate measures, a) the amount of molecular CO2ff remaining in the atmosphere and b) the amount of atmospheric growth attributable to CO2ff, thereby resolving discrepancies in published values.
Postharvest Application of Carvone, Abscisic Acid, Gibberellin, and Variable Temperature for Regulating Dormancy Release and Sprouting Commencement of Mini-Tuber Potato Seeds Produced Under Aeroponics
Authors: Zhu Tiandi , Pei Huaidi , Li Zhongwang , Zhang Minmin , Chen Chen , Li Shouqiang
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the efficacy of carvone, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA3), and variable temperature in managing dormancy and sprouting in aeroponically grown mini-tuber potato seeds. Results showed that carvone treatment effectively reduced weight loss rate by 12.25% and decay rate by 3.33% at day 25, compared to control. ABA treatment significantly enhanced germination rate to 97.33%. GA3 treatment resulted in the longest sprouts of 14.24 mm and reduced MDA content by 23.08% at day 30, indicating its potential in shortening dormancy and maintaining membrane integrity. Variable temperature treatment showcased a balanced performance in reducing weight loss and maintaining a lower relative conductivity, indicating less cellular damage. Enzymatic activities of α-amylase, CAT, and SOD were modulated by the treatments, ensuring a balanced enzymatic environment for seed vitality. These findings provide a robust foundation for refining post-harvest management strategies to optimize germination uniformity and preserve the quality of aeroponic potato seeds during extended dormancy, promising enhanced yield and productivity in potato cultivation.
A Novel Sodium-Potassium Anode Supported by Fluorinated Aluminum Foam
Authors: Lou Jin , Zhou Jingan , Ma Xiaosong , Chen Kanghua , Chen Songyi
Published: October 2023

Sodium-potassium (NaK) liquid alloy is a promising candidate for use as anode material in sodium batteries because of its fluidity, which effectively suppresses the growth of sodium or potassium dendrites. However, the poor wettability of the NaK liquid alloy on conventional metal substrates is unfavorable for cell fabrication due to its strong surface tension. In this paper, low-density and low-cost fluorinated aluminum foam is used as a substrate support material for NaK liquid alloy. By combining low surface tension NaK@C with fluorinated aluminum foam, we obtain a uniformly distributed and structurally stable electrode material. The composite electrode has a cycling stability of more than 3000 hours in a symmetrical cell. Furthermore, when coupled with a sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathode in carbonate electrolyte, it maintains excellent stability even after 800 cycles, with 72% of capacity retention.
N′-((E)-3,3-Diphenyl-2,3-Dihydro-1H-Inden-1-Ylidene)-2-((Z)-2-Oxoindolin-3-Ylidene)Hydrazine-1-Carbothiohydrazide Ligand and Its Complexes: Spectroscopic, Molecular Orbital, Molecular Docking, Structural Study and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Zayed Ehab M , El-Sayed Wael A. , Albalawi Marzough Aziz , Abd El Salam Hayam A , El-Samahy Fatma A , Mohamed Gehad G.
Published: October 2023

New Schiff base ofN'-((E)-3,3-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)-2-((Z)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothiohydrazide (HL) and its Co(II),Ni(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) complexes were created, isolated, and characterized by analytical analysis in good yields of 60 to 90%, UV–Vis, magnetic measurements, molar conductivity, and FT-IR. Additionally, mass spectrometry was used to examine the new ligand complexes' structural characteristics.1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Depending on the electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements, these complexes are predicted to have octahedral molecular geometry. As an example, the quantum chemical properties, bond lengths, and bond angles were discussed. The structural formula for the examined ligand was improved using the Gaussian09 tool. The DFT/B3LYP method was used to calculate the energy gaps and other crucial theoretical features. The prepared hydrazine ligand complexes Co (II), Ni (II), Fe (III), Cu (II), Cd (II), Zn (II) and Mn (II) complexes were evaluated for its antimicrobial properties. As antimicrobial agents, it was found that the organic ligand was less biologically active than the targeted complexes. Gram positive bacteria (3ty7-Staphylococcus), Gram negative bacteria (3t88-Escherichia coli), and fungi (5k04-Candida albicans) all have crystal structures that interact well with the chemicals in the title, according to molecular docking.
Assessment of Hounsfield Units and Factors Associated with Fragmentation of Renal Stones by Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Computerized Tomography Study
Authors: Alharbi Abdallah Saud , Gameraddin Moawia , Gareeballah Awadia , Shrwani Zahra Jibril , Sindi Moa’ath Abdullah , Alsaedi Hassan Ibrahim , Qurashi Abdulaziz A. , Aloufi Khalid M , Alshamrani Abdullah Fahad A. , Alzain Amel F
Published: October 2023

The success rate of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is influenced by various factors, including stone density, which is determined through computed tomography scans in Hounsfield Units (HU). Materials and method: This retrospective single-center study was conducted in King Fahad hospital. Sixty-seven adult patients with renal and ureteric stones were selected randomly and enrolled in the study. Their age ranged from 20 to 69 years. The patients were examined with non-contrast enhancement (NCCT) to assess the HU of stones, consequently, treated with ESWL. Results: of the 67 patients, 37.3% of the stones were completely fragmented, while 62.7% were partially fragmented. HU, location of the stone, a multiplicity of the stone, and patient age were significant factors contributing to stone fragility (p-values< 0.05). The HU has a positive significant linear correlation with serum calcium (r= .28, p-value=.036), while serum acid has a negative correlation (r=-.55, p-value= < .001). Thus, the probability of calcium-containing stones formation increased with increased HU. In contrast, uric acid stone formation is likely to develop with decreasing HU with serum uric acid. Renal stones in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension were not completely fragmented compared to those without clinical history. Conclusion: Mean HU, location of the stone, laterality, status of stone, and the number of ESWL sessions were the most significant factors affecting stone fragility. CT attenuation values can predict the composition of stones from serum calcium and uric acid examinations. Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus are risk factors for renal stone fragmentation.
Modular Open-Source Design of Pyrolysis Reactor Monitoring and Control Electronics
Authors: Hafting Finn K. , Kulas Daniel , Michels Etienne , Chipkar Sarvada , Wisniewski Stefan , Shonnard David , Pearce Joshua M.
Published: October 2023

Industrial pilot projects often rely on proprietary and expensive electronic hardware to control and monitor experiments. This raises costs and retards innovation. Open-source hardware tools exist for implementing these processes individually, however, they are not easily integrated with other designs. The Broadly Reconfigurable and Expandable Automation Device (BREAD) framework provides many open-source devices which can be connected to create more complex data acquisition and control systems. This article explores the feasibility of using BREAD plug-and-play open hardware to quickly design and test monitoring and control electronics for an industrial materials processing prototype pyrolysis reactor. Generally, pilot-scale pyrolysis plants are expensive custom designed systems. The plug-and-play prototype approach is first tested by connecting it to the pyrolysis reactor and ensuring it can measure temperature and actuate heaters and a stirring motor. Next, a single circuit board system was created and tested using the designs from the BREAD prototype to reduce the number of microcontrollers required. Both open-source control systems were capable of reliably running the pyrolysis reactor continuously and the overall cost of control was reduced by more than 10X. Open-source, plug-and-play hardware provides a reliable avenue for researchers to quickly develop data acquisition and control electronics for industrial-scale experiments.
Magnetic Fields and Asymptotic Limits of Current Loops
Authors: Rodriguez Nadiya
Published: October 2023

This article theoretically derives the magnetic field and vector potential produced by a steady current I flowing in an arbitrary plane loop at an arbitrary point r. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the behavior of the magnetic field produced by loops of various shapes such as polygons, circles, ellipses, and p-norm balls. Taking the limit as the loop shrinks to a point and the current I grows to infinity so that the magnetic dipole moment m of the loop (defined as the current I times the vector area of the loop) is kept constant, the magnetic field and vector potential are theoretically shown to converge to those of an ideal point magnetic dipole m.
The Future of Education in India: A Comprehensive Study on the Integration of Virtual Reality (VR) Technology in Schooling
Authors: SWARGIARY KHRITISH
Published: October 2023

Virtual Reality (VR) technology in education has the potential to revolutionize the Indian school education system. This research study investigates the present state of VR adoption, perceived benefits, concerns, and future expectations among both students and educators. The survey-based approach collected responses from 45,000 students and 2,000 educators across a diverse range of schools in India. The findings highlight a mixed current landscape with significant room for expansion in VR utilization. Both students and educators express optimism regarding the benefits of VR, recognizing its capacity to enhance engagement, comprehension, and motivation in the learning process. However, challenges, including budget constraints, the need for training and support, and concerns about student safety, must be addressed to effectively integrate VR into education. Expectations for the future emphasize inclusivity, accessibility, and customized learning experiences. The research underscores the transformative potential of VR in Indian education while emphasizing the necessity of addressing practical challenges for its successful implementation.
Challenges and the Advancement in High-Throughput Screening Strategies for Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Roy Ruchi , Singh Sunil Kumar , Misra Sweta
Published: October 2023

Drug discovery utilizes high-throughput screening (HTS) methods applying target and cell-based assays. This review discusses the challenges and benefits associated with these assays in HTS. Discussed the strategies that can be applied for the development of screening assays through primary and secondary screens for target identification. Further discussion on identify-ing the most efficacious drugs following these approaches in cancer. Even though various drugs have been identified to treat cancer, there is high demand of more relevant phenotypic assays to produce desired diseased phenotype to only highlighting the specific targets instead of off-targets. Hopefully, the new developing strategies could provide innovative drugs to treat cancer patients to reduce mortality rate.
Chronotype and Self-Reported Perception of Sleep Quality in Relation to Psychological Inflexibility in Dance Students
Authors: Arbinaga Félix , Moreno-San-Pedro Emilio , Fernández-Acosta Gabriela , Mendoza-Sierra María-Isabel
Published: October 2023

Dance, as a performance activity, is associated with various problems. Among these challenges, sleep disturbances are notably prevalent. This study aimed to explore the potential relationship between sleep characteristics—specifically chronotype and subjective sleep quality—and psychological inflexibility in dance students. This research adopted a cross-sectional design using non-probabilistic sampling. One hundred and fourteen dance students, with a mean age of 23.87 years, participated in the study. Assessment tools included the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Composite Scale of Morningness. The results revealed no gender differences in psychological inflexibility or chronotype, although women report poorer sleep quality. Differences emerged in both subjective sleep quality and chronotype when students were grouped according to low, medium, or high levels of psychological inflexibility. Those with low inflexibility, as opposed to those with high inflexibility, report better sleep quality, with no differences observed between medium and high inflexibility groups. Students with high-medium levels of psychological inflexibility showed a higher risk (OR = 6.373 times higher) of experiencing poor sleep quality compared to those with low psychological inflexibility. In terms of chronotype, the low inflexibility group is inclined to be more of a morning type than the medium and high inflexibility groups, with no differences between the latter two groups. Students categorized as having low inflexibility tend to have a longer history of dancing under the guidance of a teacher and dedicate more hours and days per week to rehearsal. The findings are discussed in terms of their educational implications for dance students.
Demographic Characteristics of Pre-Vaccinated Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Barwon South West Victoria, Australia
Authors: Tobin-Salzman Shinae C , Cooper Darcie , McNamara Bridgette J , Athan Eugene , Bennett Catherine M
Published: October 2023

We investigated 328 SARS-CoV-2 cases in Barwon South West Victoria, Australia, in the 2020 pre-vaccination period, comparing infections with symptoms to those that remained asymptomatic. De-identified self-reported data from three sequential questionnaires on case characteristics and symptom progression were examined. Multivariable logistic regression were used to model associations between demographic profile and symptoms. Asymptomatic cases were more than three times as likely to be from ethnic minority groups [OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5 – 6.7, p<0.01], and approximately seven times more likely to be seniors (≥ 65 years) [OR 7.3, 95% CI 1.0 – 50.1] after adjusting for sex and occupation. The overrepresentation of ethnic minority groups among asymptomatic infections is suggestive of genetic haplotype variability by ethnic group, conferring greater cross protection from other coronaviruses in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research should be repeated post-vaccination to reassess symptom expression according to ethnicity, and better comprehend case ascertainment impacts of cultural biases in testing and infection reporting, and the reliance on symptoms to trigger testing. These findings may in part reflect differences in testing patterns by ethnicity and true differences in disease expression, both important for appropriate transmission prevention strategies, and tailoring testing messaging towards ethnic minority communities.
Sulfated CXCR3 Peptide Trap Use as a Promising Therapeutic Approach for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Lee Joon H. , Chung Hyewon , Jo GukHeui , Chae Jae-Byoung , Jung Sun-Ah , Lyu Jungmook
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives: Chemokines have various biological functions and potential roles in the development or progression of neuroinflammatory diseases. However, the specific pathogenic roles of chemokines in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in older individuals, remain elusive. Chemokines interact with their receptors expressed in the endothelium and on leukocytes. The sulfation of tyrosine residues in chemokine receptors increases the strength of ligand–receptor interaction and modulates signaling. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to construct a human recombinant sulfated CXCR3 peptide trap (hCXCR3-S2) and mouse recombinant sulfated CXCR3 peptide trap (mCXCR3-S2) to demonstrate in vivo effects in preventing choroidal neovascularization and chemotaxis. Materials and Methods: First, the effect of hCXCR3-S was validated in vitro. Interestingly, hCXCR3-S2 inhibited the migration and invasion of two human cancer cell lines. Subsequently, the in vivo efficacy of mCXCR3-S2 was investigated using a mouse model of neovascular AMD. Results: Intravitreal injection of mCXCR3-S2 attenuated choroidal neovascularization and macrophage recruitment in neovascular lesions. These in vitro and in vivo effects were significantly stronger with CXCR3-S2 than with wild-type CXCR3 peptides. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the sulfated form of the CXCR3 peptide trap is a valuable tool that could be supplemented with antivascular endothelial growth factors in AMD treatment.
Investigating the Use of Plastic and Its Disposal in Agriculture in Malta
Authors: Borg Rainer , Camilleri Fenech Margaret
Published: October 2023

The use of plastic in agriculture has become so omnipresent within the industry that it has acquired it own lexicon to become known as ‘plasticulture’. However, since, compared to other industries the quantities consumed are low, little attention is granted to this waste stream. This is the case both with local and international policies even though it bears a close connection to soil health and therefore is a prerequisite to improve the sustainability of food production processes including food security. Using Malta as a case study, the research utilises quantitative and qualitative tools to identify and quantify the most common types of agricultural plastic waste generated and determines the attitudes of farmers towards a collection and recycling scheme. While it identifies that incineration and ploughing of plastic waste as regular practices, it also ascertains the willingness of farmers to acquire more knowledge about more appropriate methods to dispose of this waste stream thus guiding policy makers towards the need to initiate educational measures for farmers to prevent these harmful practices. Through stakeholder interviews the research highlights that the present lack of data is a major hindrance for policy to take account of this waste stream.
Inorganic Nanoparticles as Radiosensitizers for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Babu Balaashwin , Stoltz Samantha Archer , Mittal Agastya , Pawar Shreya , Kolanthai Elayaraja , Coathup Melanie , Seal Sudipta
Published: October 2023

: Nanotechnology has expanded what can be achieved in our approach to cancer treatment. The ability to produce and engineer functional nanoparticle formulations to elicit higher incidences of tumor cell radiolysis has resulted in substantial improvements in cancer cell eradication while also permitting multi-modal biomedical functionalities. These radiosensitive nanomaterials utilize material characteristics, such as radio- blocking/absorbing high-Z atomic number elements, to mediate localized effects from therapeutic irradiation. These materials thereby allow for subsequent scattered or emitted radiation to produce direct (e.g., damage to genetic materials) or indirect (e.g., protein oxidation, reactive oxygen species formation) damage to tumor cells. Using nanomaterials that activate under certain physiologic conditions such as the tumor micro-environment can selectively target tumor cells. These characteristics combined with biological interactions that can target the tumor environment allow for localized, radio-sensitization while mitigating damage to healthy cells. This review explores the various nanomaterial formulations utilized in cancer radiosensitivity research. Emphasis on inorganic nanomaterials showcase the specific material characteristics that enable higher incidences of radiation while ensuring localized cancer targeting based on tumor micro-environment activation. The aim of this review is to guide future research in cancer radiosensitization using nanomaterial formulations and to detail common approaches to radiosensization, as well their relations to commonly implemented radiotherapy techniques.
Repertoire of Food Acquisition Behaviors in Shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiforme)
Authors: Baguette Michel , Hannier Lyse , Kirchhoff Florence , Le Floch Glenn , Schtickzelle Nicolas , Stevens Virginie , Bels Vincent
Published: October 2023

Keywords: Interspecific competition; Character displacements, Behavioral syndrome; Foraging; Pecking; Probing; Sweeping; Ballistic transport, Surface tension transport; Lingual transport
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 21.10.2023 г. по 27.10.2023 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: October 2023

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 21.10.2023 г. по 27.10.2023 г.
Non-Traumatic Cervical Disc Herniation Presented as Sudden Paralysis of the Limbs: Two Case Reports
Authors: Hong Jeong-Ju , Jwa Cheolsu , Kim Jae Hoon , Kang Hee In , Bae In-Suk , Kwon Hyungjoo
Published: October 2023

We report two uncommon cases of non-traumatic, acute cervical disc herniation presented with sudden paralysis of the limbs. First, a 61-year-old man presented with sudden quadriplegia while resting on the bed 2 hr ago. He had motor weakness of grade 3 in the upper arms and grade 0 in the lower legs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine showed severe spinal cord compression caused by huge soft central disc herniation at the C6-7 level. After surgery, the paralysis of the upper arms improved, but the paralysis of the lower legs and sphincter functions did not improve. Second, a 65-year-old woman presented with acute right hemiparesis just after waking up in the morning 3 hr ago. She had motor weakness of grade 3 of the right upper arm and grade 2 of the right lower leg. MRI of the cervical spine showed severe cord compression by the right-sided, superiorly migrated soft disc herniation at the C6-7 level. After surgery, she recovered completely and could walk independently.
A programmable CRISPR-based light-up RNA stabilizer for fluorogenic RNA imaging
Authors: Fan Ze , Liu Fei , Wang Fenglin , Chu Xia , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: October 2023

Live cell imaging of RNAs and dynamics is crucial for understanding their functions and pathological roles. However, fluorogenic imaging of endogenous RNAs remains a challenge. Here, we report the design of a programmable CRISPR-based light-up RNA stabilizer (LUSTER) that enables fluorogenic imaging of endogenous RNAs without the need for genetically inserted tags. We show that dCas9 can bind and stabilize the otherwise degraded guide RNAs (gRNAs). A light-up aptamer-embedded, mis-folded gRNA is designed to restore the dCas9-binding conformation in response to target RNAs and to provide fluorogenic signals from the dCas9-stabilized gRNA for RNA imaging. Our system is universally applicable for quantitative detection and dynamic imaging of diverse RNA targets, including mRNA detection, single-molecule and multiplexed RNA imaging, cytosolic or nuclear RNA localization imaging, and RNA-induced orthogonal transcriptional activation in mammalian cells. The programmability and general applicability of the LUSTER system highlight its broad utility in RNA biology and theranostics.
Mental health and cognitive outcomes in patients six months after testing positive compared with matched patients testing negative for COVID-19 in a non-hospitalized sample: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ward Brooklyn , Edgar Nicole E. , Ahluwalia Chloe , Huang Eileen , Corsi Daniel , Cameron D William J , Colman Ian , Kaluzienski Mark , Orpana Heather , MacLean Sarah E , Hatcher Simon
Published: October 2023

Objectives: We aimed to determine the mental health and cognitive outcomes at six months of people who had not been hospitalized with COVID-19 and who had tested positive or negative for COVID-19 in Eastern Ontario.

Methods: Participants were matched 1:1 six months following their COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test. Primary analyses compared COVID-positive with matched COVID-negative participants. In addition, within the COVID-19 positive population, we used an age and gender-adjusted logistic regression analysis to explore risk factors associated with depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment.

Results: 324 participants were enrolled (n=162 per arm). 40.7% of those in the COVID-positive group were men, with an average age of 37.9 (SD 13.2) years. In the COVID-negative group 41.4% were men, with an average age of 36.7 (SD 12.8). There were no statistically significant differences in mental health outcomes between the two groups. On cognitive testing, while 21% of the COVID-positive participants and 14% of the COVID-negative participants had scores indicating significant cognitive impairment, the difference between the two groups was not significant. Risk factors for poor mental and cognitive outcomes differed between the two groups.

Conclusion: In non-hospitalized patients who have tested positive for COVID-19, there is no evidence of an increase in mental health disorders compared to people who tested negative. Any increases in mental health disorders during the pandemic may be the effect of social changes rather than an effect of the virus itself. The exception may be the cognitive changes in those who tested positive.
Outcomes Of Women with Preeclampsia and Eclampsia Admitted in The Intensive Care Unit at A Tertiary Care Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Authors: Hilowle Nasra Mohamud , Ahmed Said Abdirahman , Ali Khadija Yusuf , Köprülü Diyar , Waberi Mohamud Mire , Hassan Mohamed Sheikh , Altinel Ercan , Hassan Mohamed Omar
Published: October 2023

Intensive care for a hypertensive mother with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia is crucial for both maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study highlights the level of morbidity and mortality among women with preeclampsia and eclampsia admitted to the intensive care unit.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Mogadishu, Somalia, at the Mogadishu Somali Türkiye Training and Research Hospital fromFebruary 2019 to July 2022. The study focused on the different complications, managements, and final outcomes of preeclampsia and eclampsia mothers admitted to the intensive care unit. The data was retrieved from the electronic records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
Results: During our study period, a total of 237 patients were identified as having preeclampsia/eclampsia, of whom 71 required intensive care admission. The mean age of the studied patients was 25±6years. The most common reason for being taken to the intensive care unit (ICU) was having a seizure (n = 33, 46.5%), followed by having very high blood pressure (n = 20, 28.2%), and being confused (n = 18, 25.3%). Peripartum infection was the most common maternal complication during ICU admission (66.7%), followed by cardiac-related arrhythmia (66.7%), postpartum bleeding (48%), acute kidney injury (18.4%), HELLP syndrome (16.4%), severe anemia (9.6%), and stroke (8.7%). Among patients, 65 (91.5%) needed mechanical ventilation. About 11.1% of these patients died during hospitalization. There were associations between mortality and some complications, particularly acute kidney injury (p-value less than 0.02) and peripartum infection (p-value less than 0.003).
Conclusion:
Hypertensive disease of pregnancy (preeclampsia/eclampsia) requiring intensive care unit admission has a very high morbidity and mortality rate.
Comparative analysis of SIMILAR TO RCD ONE (SRO) family from tetraploid and diploid cottons depicts its role in growth and development
Authors: SHABAN Muhammad , TABASSUM Riaz , RANA Iqrar Ahmad , ATif Rana Muhammad , AZMAT Muhammad Abubakkar , Iqbal Zubair , Azhar Muhammad Tehseen
Published: October 2023

Background
SRO (Similar to RCD1) genes family is largely recognized for their importance in growth, development and in responding to environmental stresses. However, genome-wide identification and functional characterization of SRO genes from cotton species have not reported so far.
Results
A total of 36 SRO genes were identified from four cotton species. Phylogenetic analysis divided these genes into three groups with distinct structure. Syntenic and chromosomal distribution analysis indicated uneven distribution of GaSRO, GrSRO, GhSRO and GbSRO genes on A2, D5 genomes, Gh-At, Gh-Dt and Gb-At, Gb-Dt subgenomes, respectively. Gene duplication analysis revealed the presence of six duplicated gene pairs among GhSRO genes. In promoter analysis, several elements responsive to growth, development and hormones were interpreted in GhSRO genes, implying the reason for their induction during growth and developmental stages. Several miRNAs responsive to plant growth and abiotic stress responses were predicted that target 12 GhSRO genes. Organ-specific expression profiling explored the roles of GhSRO genes in one or more tissues. In addition, specific expression pattern of some GhSRO genes during ovule developmental stages depicted their involvement in these developmental processes.
Conclusion
The data presented in this report laid a foundation for understanding the classification and functions of SRO genes in cotton.
The fate of salp blooms: decomposition and sinking of salp carcasses
Authors: Orlov Polina , Pakhomov Evgeny
Published: October 2023

Gelatinous zooplankton (GZ) biomass is an important, yet often overlooked, vector of the particulate organic matter downward export and a nutritional prey source for the mesopelagic and benthic communities. To better quantify the potential impact of their blooms on biogeochemistry and food webs, we performed decomposition and sinking experiments under two different temperature regimes, 6 and 12 °C using 260 Salpa aspera, sampled in the Northeast Pacific (48.39°-50.40°N, 126.40°-145.00°W) during May 2021. Salp decay was exponential and occurred ~1.5 times faster under warmer conditions. Comparison of the published GZ decay rates supported their strong temperature dependence (Q10 = 3.46) and revealed that S. aspera decayed slower than most GZ taxa. Carcass sinking rates were higher than previously reported for this species and slowed after a prolonged decay. Biochemical (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids) and elemental (C: carbon, N: nitrogen) compositions were determined for salps at various decomposition stages. The high water content (~97%) and low organic content (27.8 ± 7.1 % dry weight) was typical of other thaliaceans. The high C:N ratio (6.61 ± 1.14) of S. aspera, compared to many thaliaceans, suggested that their carcasses are valuable sources of carbon beyond the euphotic zone.
Transovarial transmission of Yersinia pestis in its flea vector, Xenopsylla cheopis
Authors: Pauling Cassandra D. , Beerntsen Brenda T. , Song Qisheng , Anderson Deborah M.
Published: October 2023

Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of bubonic plague, a deadly flea-borne disease responsible for three historic pandemics. Today annual cases of human disease occur worldwide following exposure to Y. pestis infected fleas that can be found within the rodent population where plague activity cycles between epizootic outbreaks and extended periods of apparent quiescence. Flea transmission of Y. pestis is most efficient in “blocked” fleas that are unable to feed, whereas mammalian transmission to fleas requires a susceptible host with end-stage high titer bacteremia. These facts suggest alternative mechanisms of transmission must exist to support the persistence of Y. pestis between epizootic outbreaks. In this work, we addressed whether vertical transmission could be a mechanism for persistent low-infection across generations of fleas. We demonstrate that Y. pestis infection of the Oriental rat flea, Xenopyslla cheopis, spreads to the reproductive tissues and is found in eggs produced by infected adult fleas. We further show that vertical transmission of Y. pestis from eggs to adults results in midgut colonization indicating a strong probability that it can reenter the sylvatic plague cycle.
Supporting Physical Activity for Mobility in Older Adults with Mobility Limitations (SuPA Mobility): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rice Jordyn , Li Linda C. , Davis Jennifer C. , Pahor Marco , Madden Kenneth , Wei Nathan , Wong Hubert , Skelton Dawn A. , McCormick Sioban , Falck Ryan S. , Barha Cindy K. , Rhodes Ryan E. , Loomba Sohail , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Liu-Ambrose Teresa
Published: October 2023

Background:
Limited mobility in older adults consistently predicts both morbidity and mortality. As individuals age, the rates of mobility disability increase from 1.0% in people aged 15–24 to 20.6% in adults over 65 years of age. Physical activity can effectively improve mobility in older adults, yet many older adults do not engage in sufficient physical activity. Evidence shows that increasing physical activity by 50 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity in sedentary older adults with mobility limitations can improve mobility and reduce the incidence of mobility disability. To maximize the healthy life span of older adults, it is necessary to find effective and efficient interventions that can be delivered widely to prevent mobility limitations, increase physical activity participation, and improve quality of life in older adults. We propose a randomized controlled trial to assess the effect of a physical activity health coaching intervention on mobility in older adults with mobility limitations.
Methods:
This randomized controlled trial among 290 (145 per group) community-dwelling older adults with mobility limitations, aged 70–89 years old, will compare the effect of a physical activity health coaching intervention versus a general healthy aging education program on mobility, as assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery. The physical activity health coaching intervention will be delivered by exercise individuals who are trained in Brief Action Planning. The coaches will use evidence-based behavior change techniques including goal-setting, action planning, self-monitoring, and feedback to improve participation in physical activity by a known dose of 50 minutes per week. There will be a total of 9 health coaching or education sessions delivered over 26-weeks with a subsequent 26-week follow-up period, wherein both groups will receive the same duration and frequency of study visits and activities.
Discussion:
The consequences of limited mobility pose a significant burden on the quality of life of older adults. Our trial is novel in that it investigates implementing a dose of physical activity that is known to improve mobility in older adults utilizing a health coaching intervention.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration System: NCT05978336; Registered on 28 July 2023.
Ultra-Stretchable, Crack Propagation Resistance and Impact-Resistant Ionogels
Authors: Tian Lei , Huang Haiyu , Wuliu Yishun , Dong Weiliang , Tan Jiji , Xu Yongbin , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian
Published: October 2023

Ionogels equipped with high ionic conductivity, excellent thermal/chemical/electrochemical stability and flexibility, have been considered an ideal candidate for hydrogels. However, the long-term reliability against fatigue and impact resistance of the ionogels remain crucial challenges that hinder their practical application and have yet to be addressed by effective strategies. Herein, a multiple non-covalent interactions strategy inspired by the human skin have been proposed to realize the synergistic effect of physical entanglement and microphase separation. Moreover, the introduction of collagen, a biomacromolecule, creates cohesion of the microphase and multiple hydrogen bonds. Thus fabricated ionogels are perfectly endowed with unprecedented ultra-stretchability (> 50,000%) and ultra-high toughness (43 MJ m-3). It can stably maintain 300 times its own volume expansion and resist puncture by sharp objects. Furthermore, the ionogels have overcome the bottleneck problems of crack propagation resistance and impact resistance that have plagued their development. We can predict that our proposed construction strategy will provide theoretical and experimental accumulation for the practical and extensive development of ionogels.
Designing community-level integral interventions for active ageing: a systematic review from the lens of community-based participatory research
Authors: Wang Gubing , Chang Fangyuan , Gu Zhenyu , Kasraian Dena , Wesemael Pieter J. V.
Published: October 2023

Background: While community-level interventions for promoting active ageing have received growing attention and there is a trend to leverage technology to support traditional physical or social interventions, little hands-on guidance exists for designing these interventions.
Methods: The literature review focused on community-level interventions promoting active ageing that integrated physical, social, and digital elements, referred to as integral interventions. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. In addition, as Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) principles have been widely applied for co-designing with the community on interventions that address complex health and social problems, the included interventions were analysedabductively based on the CBPR principles.
Results:Twenty-four design considerations were generated under eight categories. Further reflection identified the interrelated nature of these design considerations and pinpointed the gaps in current research. The study highlights the urgency and importance of sharing recruitment methods and resource allocation details, recording and reporting collaboration specifics, clarifying stakeholder representation, fostering co-learning between communities, adopting an incremental approach, promoting inclusivity, and disseminating findings to stakeholders beyond academia.
Conclusions: This study offers valuable insights and practical guidance to researchers and practitioners engaged in developing community-level integral interventions for active ageing. The findings also serve as a starting point for accumulating knowledge and practice in co-designing integral interventions for active ageing at the community level. The next crucial phase involves evaluating these design considerations within a real-world case to assess their applicability and identify potential areas for improvement.
Higher-order Response Surface Method-based Optimization of Centrifugal Impeller of Combined Fuel Pump
Authors: Liu Xianwei , Zhong Shijie , Fu Jiangfeng , Xu Siyuan , Zhou Zhenhua
Published: October 2023

A centrifugal-gear combined fuel pump is a new type of engine fuel pump, and the performance of the centrifugal stage is crucial for the reliable operation of the combined fuel pump. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization of the centrifugal impeller of a combined fuel pump using the higher-order response surface method and NSGA-II algorithm. First, a turbulence model used in numerical simulation is validated and established through a combination of physical test and simulation calculation. Second, the complexity of design parameters is reduced by the significance analysis of full factorial screening model, and the surrogate model of efficiency and head of centrifugal stage of combined fuel pump is constructed using Latin hypercube sampling and high-order response surface method. Finally, multi-objective optimization is performed via NSGA-II algorithm, and the optimization results are validated by numerical simulation. The research findings show that the blade angle at leading edge, blade angle at trailing edge and wrap angle determined by the significance analysis of the full factorial screening model have a significant influence on the efficiency response value and are therefore the key sensitive parameters for optimization. The surrogate model of head and efficiency constructed based on higher-order response surface method demonstrates high calculation accuracy, with sample standard deviations of 0.132 and 0.189 respectively. At the design point, the head and efficiency of the optimized centrifugal stage of the pump are increased by 2.25% and 2.54% respectively, and the internal flow becomes more even, and the adverse flow is significantly alleviated.
Exosomal miR-17-5p derived from epithelial cells is involved in aberrant epithelium-fibroblast cross-talk and induces the development of oral submucosal fibrosis
Authors: Tao Yongguang , Xie Changqing , Zhong Liang , Feng Hui , Wang Rifu , Shi Yuxin , Lv Yonglin , Hu Yanjia , Li Jing , Xiao Desheng , Liu Shuang , Chen Qianming
Published: October 2023

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic and inflammatory mucosal disease caused by betel quid chewing, which is an oral potential malignant disorder. The abnormal differentiation of fibroblasts leading to collagen metabolism disorder is the core process of OSF development. As the first line of defense against the external environment, epithelium can convert external signals into pathological signals and participate in the remodeling of fibrotic microenvironment. However, the specific mechanisms underlying epithelium drives fibroblast differentiation remains unclear. In this study, we found that arecoline exposed epithelium communicated with the fibrosis microenvironment by secreting exosomes. MiR-17-5p was enclosed in epithelial-derived exosomes and absorbed by fibroblasts, promoting cell secretion, contraction, migration and fibrogenic marker expression (α-SMA and collagen I). Underlying molecular mechanism was miR-17-5p targeting Smad7, thus promoting the degradation of the Smad7 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and amplifying the classical TGF-β fibrotic pathway. Targeting miR-17-5p with its inhibitor to treat fibroblasts can restore the cell contraction and migration phenotype induced by epithelial-derived exosomes. It was confirming that exosomal miR-17-5p can act as a key regulator of phenotypic transformation of fibroblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrate that arecoline triggers aberrant epithelium-fibroblast cross-talk and identify miR-17-5p derived from epithelial cells as a mediator of fibroblast differentiation through the classical TGF-β fibrotic pathway, which provided a new perspective and strategy for diagnosis and treatment of OSF.
Trichoderma-induced restructuring of the cucumber rhizosphere microbiome and the effect of a synthetic, cross-kingdom microbial community on Fusarium wilt disease and growth in cucumber
Authors: Liu Tong , Zhang Manman , Wang Rui , Khan Raja Asad Ali , Zhan Xin , Ren Sen , Jiang Haonan , Wu Yinggu , Yang Fanxing , Yu Xiaoli
Published: October 2023

Trichoderma asperellum FJ035 was introduced into the complex soil microbial community, that included pathogens, present in the soil of a continuous cucumber planting system, to assess the impact of the Trichoderma amendment on the composition of the microbial community and growth and incidence of Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum SCCFo1. Results indicated that Trichoderma-induced alterations in the soil microbial community significantly promoted growth and enhanced disease resistance. Additionally, TB11, a cross-kingdom synthetic microbial community consisting of Trichoderma and 30 strains from 11 bacterial genera was constructed. Treatment of SCCFo1-inoculated cucumber plants with TB11 resulted in a 70.0% reduction in Fusarium wilt disease and a 64.59% increase in plant fresh weight compared to control plants. The synthetic community TB11 was then simplified to a TB5 consortium consisting of Trichoderma and 6 strains from 5 bacterial genera. The use of TB5 produced similar benefits in disease control and an even greater growth promotion than was observed withTB11. The bacterial taxa in TB5 directly inhibit the growth of SCCFo1, can solubilize soil nutrients making them more available to cucumber plants and FJ035, and increase the expressionof antioxidant, defense-related enzyme, and growth hormone-related genes in cucumber plants. These findings highlight the potential of utilizing beneficial synthetic microbial assemblies to support sustainable agriculture management systems, and decrease dependence on the use of synthetic chemicals, while boosting crop health and yield.