bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Coordination Polymer of PVA and Aminobenzoic Acid Derivative: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Al-Fakeh Maged S. , O. Alsaedi Roaa , Aldoghaim Maryam , Ibrahim Ahmed B. M. , Mostafa Ayman M.
Published: January 2025

This study focused on the synthesis, properties, and antibiological activity of NiO nanoparticles derived from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and aminobenzoic acid (P-ABA) derivatives by calcination method. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple, cost-effective method that involved the thermal decomposition of PVA and the incorporation of aminobenzoic acid. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Kinetic analysis, and the thermal properties of nickel(II) metal complex in dynamic air were analyzed via TG and DTG. The kinetic analyses and thermodynamic parameters (∆H*, ∆G*, and ∆S*) for this compound were calculated by the Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzger methods. The obtained kinetic parameters displayed the kinetic compensation effect. Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and (FT-IR) were employed to confirm the formation, morphology, and structural properties of the nanoparticles. The results indicated the successful synthesis of NiO nanoparticles with distinct crystalline phases and difference distributions. XRD confirmed that the resulting oxide was pure single-crystalline NiO nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the crystallite size of nickel oxide nano-crystals was in the range of 26–36 nm. The magnetic moment was 2.59 B.M for Ni(II) complex. The antibiological activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against bacterial strains, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The findings revealed significant antimicrobial properties, with the NiO nanoparticles demonstrating higher inhibitory effects against bacterial and fungal strains. This study highlights the potential of PVA and aminobenzoic acid derivatives as effective precursors for producing metal oxide nanoparticles with promising applications in antimicrobial treatments and materials science.
Combining Analytical Strategies to Provide Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis and Risk Assessment on Pharmaceuticals and Metabolites in Hospital Wastewaters
Authors: von Mühlen Lisandro , Demarco Marisa , Sirtori Carla , Zanella Renato , Prestes Osmar Damian
Published: January 2025

The improper disposal of hospital wastewater (HWW) is a primary source of pharmaceutical pollution in aquatic systems. The complexity of the HWW matrix presents significant challenges for analytical chemists, necessitating meticulous sample preparation as the initial step for the analysis, followed by instrumental analysis. In the present study, a combination of dispersive solid phase extraction and solid phase extraction was evaluated for the preparation of HWW samples from two hospitals in Porto Alegre, Brazil, both for screening and quantitative analysis. The experiments performed by UHPLC-QTOF MS allowed the identification of 27 compounds and 23 suspected compounds. Furthermore, the UHPLC-QqQ-MS analysis enabled the quantification of 21 compounds, with concentrations ranging from 1.17 µg L−1 to 213.33 µg L−1. Notably, the pharmaceutical ciprofloxacin was detected at a concentration that exceeded the reported risk level for Microcystis aeruginosa. The environmental risk assessment revealed that the risk quotient (RQ) for several of the compounds quantified in the two HWW matrices exceeded 1, with the risk quotient of the mixture of compounds (RQmix) being approximately 30 × 106 for Hospital A and 20 × 106 for Hospital B. According to these findings, the two HWW systems exhibited risk levels for aquatic species and small rodents, thereby contributing to the persistence of pharmaceuticals in the environment.
Lipid Production from Palm Acid Oil (PAO) as a Sole Carbon Source by Meyerozyma guilliermondii
Authors: Zain Noor-Afiqah Ahmad , Tan Kar Ling , Kahar Prihardi , Ogino Chiaki
Published: January 2025

Meyerozyma guilliermondii is an interesting oleaginous yeast with considerable potential for biotechnological applications. This yeast demonstrates the ability to utilize palm acid oil (PAO), a low-cost and renewable feedstock, as a carbon source, making it a sustainable candidate for single-cell oil production. Under optimal conditions with 4% of PAO, M. guilliermondii can accumulate lipids to approximately 45% of its cell dry weight (CDW). Notably, the expression level of PEX14, a gene associated with peroxisomal biogenesis, increases with higher PAO concentrations, coinciding with the formation of multiple small lipid bodies. These findings highlight the metabolic adaptability of M. guilliermondii and its potential for industrial lipid production using waste-derived feedstocks.
Post-Industrial Recycled Polypropylene for Automotive Application: Mechanical Properties After Thermal Ageing
Authors: Arese Matilde , Bolliri Ilaria , Ciaccio Gabriele , Brunella Valentina
Published: January 2025

The transport sector’s impact on climate change and energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has raised significant concerns, prompting the automotive industry to transition towards greener solutions. This includes producing lighter vehicles with sustainable materials, like recycled plastics. Understanding the behavior of these new recycled compounds is crucial, especially regarding their response to ageing and stress conditions throughout a vehicle’s lifecycle. This study aims to investigate the mechanical property variations of virgin and recycled talc-filled polypropylene (PP) compounds used in the automotive industry, emphasizing the effects of thermal ageing after recycling. Polypropylene samples with different talc concentrations and post-industrial recycled content percentages are examined. Thermal (TGA and DSC) and spectral (FT-IR) analysis reveal structural changes due to recycling-induced thermo-mechanical degradation. A multi-axial impact test shows varied ductile and brittle behaviors between virgin and recycled PP, influenced by filler content. Impact strength, tensile, and flexural properties are assessed, highlighting differences between virgin and recycled PP, but maintaining properties over ageing time. Despite thermo-oxidative degradation from recycling and thermal ageing, the mechanical performance of recycled polypropylene materials remains unaffected, making them a viable sustainable alternative for the automotive industry.
A Synodal Approach to Reimagining Nigerian Catholic Marriage Rites: An Afro-Theological Perspective
Authors: Aina Raymond Olusesan
Published: January 2025

This study explores the integration of traditional African marriage customs with Catholic Canon Law in Nigeria, where cultural norms are deeply rooted. The research examines the historical, theological, and cultural dimensions that influence marriage within African Catholic contexts. Despite valuable insights from these scholars, significant challenges persist in reconciling traditional practices with Catholic sacramental rites. The article highlights critical areas needing further investigation, particularly the incorporation of culturally significant elements into Catholic marriage ceremonies and the provision of culturally sensitive pastoral care for married couples. To address these challenges, the study proposes several strategies: Cultural Hermeneutics, which promotes dialog between traditional African values and Catholic teachings; Inculturation of Liturgical Practices, which adapts Catholic wedding ceremonies to include African traditions; and Inclusive Pastoral Care, which offers compassionate and culturally informed support for couples. The research emphasizes the compatibility of African and Christian marital values, highlighting both personal and communal dimensions. It advocates for a shift from priest-centered marriage rites to elder-centered ones, increased involvement of extended families and Basic Christian Communities (BCCs), and a revision of church legislation to accommodate local customs while upholding core Gospel principles. By implementing these approaches, the Nigerian Catholic Church can create a marriage framework that honors cultural heritage while remaining true to Christian doctrine.
A Far Cry from Pluralistic Individualism: Enlightenment Toleration Revisited
Authors: Domínguez Juan Pablo
Published: January 2025

In order to highlight the unprecedented character of Enlightenment toleration theories and their decisive role in the intellectual history of modern freedoms, these theories are often depicted as principled, based on individual rights, and aimed at doctrinal pluralism. In contrast, earlier defenses of toleration are usually portrayed as pragmatic, based on reason of state, and aimed at doctrinal consensus. This article challenges the notion that Enlightenment thinkers advocated toleration primarily in the name of pluralism and individual freedom. Instead, it suggests that most of them drew the line between what should and should not be tolerated based on pragmatic considerations aimed at advancing the common interest of political communities, strengthening the state’s power over religious authority, and reuniting societies divided by theological quarrels and wars of religion.
Articulating a Notion of Self-as-Mediation—Grounded from Science and Art Towards the Religious
Authors: Walker Lauren Ana
Published: January 2025

The intention of this paper is to develop an original notion of self-as-mediation, where a reimagining of the function of art as a phenomenological/epistemological praxis will be the methodological vehicle. The argument here will unfold over four moments. Firstly, I argue that through the elevation of art into a valid form of inquiry—one that engages our collective and individual being-in—a relation coupling art with science can be established. Secondly, by means of a further reflection on the linguistic aspects of the complementary domains of science and art—in part inspired by the standpoint of Carl Otto Apel—a unified transcendental–pragmatic interpretation of this art–science relationship will be determined. In the third moment, I make the argument that through a phenomenological reflection derived from the apodictic assertion of self-as-mediation, a trifold relation situating self-as-mediation is revealed as dynamically engaged in a continual exchange, or interchange, between what can be considered to be an “attitude” and a “doing”, referred to here as relation and action. Thus, the fourth moment is revealed as a weird dynamic relational movement, out of which a radical ethic may be developed. It is argued that along with an implied recasting of religious consciousness, a complementary and positive vision for humanity at this time of ecological and social tragedy may also be offered by this approach.
Religion and Ways of Belief and Existence of Two Generations of People: A Qualitative Investigation into the Braga District of Portugal
Authors: Durán Vázquez José F. , Duque Eduardo
Published: January 2025

The present work aims to investigate the religious beliefs and ways of believing of two generations of people born in the decades of 1940–1950 and 1965–1975 in the Portuguese region of Braga. We assume that people from both generations share common experiences and values that connect them—experiences they have built in relation to specific life situations and through the bonds they have established with other generations. To carry out this research, we have used a qualitative methodology based on the techniques of Life Stories and Focus Groups. The results of our research show that the ways of believing and relating to the world of religion are quite common among people of the same generation, and substantially different between people of both generations. However, this difference does not necessarily manifest itself in a rupture or opposition between the members of these generations, but above all in the reworking of what they have received and experienced in the light of new experiences and new values.
FIFA3D: Flow-Guided Feature Aggregation for Temporal Three-Dimensional Object Detection
Authors: Ma Ruiqi , Wang Chunwei , Chen Chi , Zeng Yihan , Li Bijun , Zou Qin , Huang Qingqiu , Zhu Xinge , Xu Hang
Published: January 2025

Detecting accurate 3D bounding boxes from LiDAR point clouds is crucial for autonomous driving. Recent studies have shown the superiority of the performance of multi-frame 3D detectors, yet eliminating the misalignment across frames and effectively aggregating spatiotemporal information are still challenging problems. In this paper, we present a novel flow-guided feature aggregation scheme for 3D object detection (FIFA3D) to align cross-frame information. FIFA3D first leverages optical flow with supervised signals to model the pixel-to-pixel correlations between sequential frames. Considering the sparse nature of bird’s-eye-view feature maps, an additional classification branch is adopted to provide explicit pixel-wise clues. Meanwhile, we utilize multi-scale feature maps and predict flow in a coarse-to-fine manner. With guidance from the estimated flow, historical features can be well aligned to the current situation, and a cascade fusion strategy is introduced to benefit the following detection. Extensive experiments show that FIFA3D surpasses the single-frame baseline with remarkable margins of +10.8% mAPH and +6.8% mAP on the Waymo and nuScenes validation datasets and performs well compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Bi-Att3DDet: Attention-Based Bi-Directional Fusion for Multi-Modal 3D Object Detection
Authors: Gao Xu , Zhao Yaqian , Wang Yanan , Shang Jiandong , Zhang Chunmin , Wu Gang
Published: January 2025

Currently, multi-modal 3D object detection methods have become a key area of research in the field of autonomous driving. Fusion is an essential factor affecting performance in multi-modal object detection. However, previous methods still suffer from the inability to effectively fuse features from LiDAR and RGB images, resulting in a low utilization rate of complementary information between depth and semantic texture features. At the same time, existing methods may not adequately capture the structural information in Region of Interest (RoI) features when extracting them. Structural information plays a crucial role in RoI features. It encompasses the position, size, and orientation of objects, as well as the relative positions and spatial relationships between objects. Its absence can result in false or missed detections. To solve the above problems, we propose a multi-modal sensor fusion network, Bi-Att3DDet, which mainly consists of a Self-Attentive RoI Feature Extraction module (SARoIFE) and a Feature Bidirectional Interactive Fusion module (FBIF). Specifically, SARoIFE captures the relationship between different positions in RoI features to obtain high-quality RoI features through the self-attention mechanism. SARoIFE prepares for the fusion stage. FBIF performs bidirectional interaction between LiDAR and pseudo RoI features to make full use of the complementary information. We perform comprehensive experiments on the KITTI dataset, and our method notably demonstrates a 1.55% improvement in the hard difficulty level and a 0.19% improvement in the mean Average Precision (mAP) metric on the test dataset.
The Future of Clinical Active Shoulder Range of Motion Assessment, Best Practice, and Its Challenges: Narrative Review
Authors: van den Hoorn Wolbert , Fabre Arthur , Nardese Giacomo , Su Eric Yung-Sheng , Cutbush Kenneth , Gupta Ashish , Kerr Graham
Published: January 2025

Optimising outcomes after shoulder interventions requires objective shoulder range of motion (ROM) assessments. This narrative review examines video-based pose technologies and markerless motion capture, focusing on their clinical application for shoulder ROM assessment. Camera pose-based methods offer objective ROM measurements, though the accuracy varies due to the differences in gold standards, anatomical definitions, and deep learning techniques. Despite some biases, the studies report a high consistency, emphasising that methods should not be used interchangeably if they do not agree with each other. Smartphone cameras perform well in capturing 2D planar movements but struggle with that of rotational movements and forward flexion, particularly when thoracic compensations are involved. Proper camera positioning, orientation, and distance are key, highlighting the importance of standardised protocols in mobile phone-based ROM evaluations. Although 3D motion capture, per the International Society of Biomechanics recommendations, remains the gold standard, advancements in LiDAR/depth sensing, smartphone cameras, and deep learning show promise for reliable ROM assessments in clinical settings.
The Effects of a Short-Term Supplemental Breathwork Protocol on the Aerobic Performance of Recreational Runners
Authors: Wolff Adrian T. , Sherman Sara R. , Horswill Craig A.
Published: January 2025

We investigated the effects of a functional breathing program on the aerobic performance of recreational runners. Runners participated in an aerobic endurance training program with functional breathing (FBP; n = 8, 34.8 ± 5.1 yrs, 25.3 ± 2.5 kg·m2) or without functional breathing (CON; n = 8, 29 ± 5 yrs, 23 ± 2 kg·m2). The treatment group underwent daily breathing exercises, and nasal-only breathing during low-intensity sessions of the training program. The primary outcome variables measured before and after the program included the following: the breath-hold time at rest, the duration and VO2max with nasal-only breathing, and the VO2max with normal breathing during a graded running test. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). We found a significant group x time interaction for breath-hold time (∆ from PRE: +1.9 s [CON], +11.7 s [FBP]; p = 0.04; d = 1.13). However, the changes in the time and VO2max with nasal-only breathing, and in the VO2max with normal breathing, did not differ between the FBP and CON groups. A small but significant time (main) effect for the increase in VO2max (~3.0%, p < 0.05) suggested that both groups had adequate stimuli for physiological adaptations. The four-week supplementary functional breathing protocol increased the breath-hold time, but not the maximum nasal-only breathing time, nasal-only breathing VO2max, or VO2max, in recreational runners.
Constructing a Sustainable Evaluation Framework for AIGC Technology in Yixing Zisha Pottery: Balancing Heritage Preservation and Innovation
Authors: Pan Shimin , Anwar Rusmadiah Bin , Awang Nor Nazida Binti , He Yinuo
Published: January 2025

This study develops a sustainable evaluation framework for Yixing Zisha pottery design schemes generated by Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) technology, emphasizing the integration of cultural heritage preservation with innovation. As a traditional Chinese craft and a recognized element of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), Yixing Zisha pottery is celebrated for its cultural depth and unique design techniques. Guided by emotional design theory, the framework assesses aesthetic, functional, and emotional dimensions through hierarchical analysis. Using the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), primary and secondary indicators were identified and weighted based on expert consensus. AIGC technology, underpinned by advanced AI algorithms, generates culturally authentic yet innovative design solutions, striking a balance between tradition and modernity. The findings reveal that this approach enhances design diversity, functionality, and efficiency while fostering global cultural awareness. By providing practical guidance for integrating AIGC technology into traditional craftsmanship, the research offers a replicable model for other traditional crafts and contributes to the theoretical advancement of sustainable cultural heritage practices. By bridging the gap between digital innovation and heritage preservation, this study addresses the critical need for sustainable strategies in the creative industries.
A Study on Bid Decision Factors for Non-Performing Real Estate Project Financing and the Valuation Basis
Authors: Kim Taegeun , Shim Heecheol , Kim Sungrok
Published: January 2025

As the scale of real estate project financing (PF) of large construction companies in South Korea increase, discontinued construction projects and PF default rates in the financial world are also rapidly increasing. Furthermore, the percentage of PF bad debts in South Korea today has increased as much as about three times compared to that in 2023. The increase in bad debt rates results mainly from the moderate supply of new funds, delays in non-performing PF arrangements, and so forth. To address this problem, it is necessary to restart the development of non-performing real estate PF development sites through successful bidding and to review the valuation basis for development projects. Therefore, this study aims to derive internal and external characteristics of non-performing real estate PF development sites in South Korea and examine the effects of specific factors on their successful bidding. In addition, significant variables are selected based on the analysis result; the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis is performed to establish a new valuation system for real estate development projects. After careful consideration of various literature reviews and expert opinions, an analysis model is established to ensure the suitability of the study model with the error range minimized. As AHP was performed based on the newly established hierarchy, the higher ranks of each valuation factor were derived based on priority and importance, and the valuation basis was rearranged accordingly. The conclusion was derived through a comprehensive review of the results of the two analyses above. It was verified that certain factors—business feasibility assessment, work performance assessment, and basic evaluation—played key roles in the success and successful bidding of real estate projects. This point suggests that strict project management and performance standards must be set based on the economic achievements of financial validity indexes and business performance capabilities. Stable profit distribution and business transparency are also viewed as vital factors for the success of projects. Therefore, this study reestablishes the valuation basis for development projects in South Korea and presents policy suggestions on location propriety and business advancement based on the analysis of non-performing PF bid decision factors and the development project valuation basis.
Comparative Assessment of Hydrogen and Methanol-Derived Fuel Co-Combustion for Improved Natural Gas Boiler Performance and Sustainability
Authors: Xu Weihong , Jiang Ruhuan , Zhang Beidong , Chen Yexin , Jiang Yankun
Published: January 2025

Faced with a global consensus on net-zero emissions, the use of clean fuels to entirely or substantially replace traditional fuels has emerged as the industry’s primary development direction. Alcohol–hydrogen fuels, primarily based on methanol, are a renewable and sustainable energy source. This research focuses on energy sustainability and presents a boiler fuel blending system that uses methanol–hydrogen combinations. This system uses the boiler’s waste heat to catalytically decompose methanol into a gas mostly consisting of H2 and CO, which is then co-combusted with the original fuel to improve thermal efficiency and lower emissions. A comparative experimental study considering natural gas (NG) blending with hydrogen and dissociated methanol gas (DMG) was carried out in a small natural gas boiler. The results indicate that, with a controlled mixed fuel flow of 10 m3/h and an excess air coefficient of 1.2, a 10% hydrogen blending ratio maximizes the boiler’s thermal efficiency (ηt), resulting in a 3.5% increase. This ratio also results in a 1% increase in NOx emissions, a 25% decrease in HC emissions, and a 5.66% improvement in the equivalent economics (es). Meanwhile, blending DMG at 15% increases the boiler’s ηt by 3%, reduces NOx emissions by 13.8% and HC emissions by 20%, and improves the es  by 8.63%. DMG, as a partial substitute for natural gas, outperforms hydrogen in various aspects. If this technology can be successfully applied and promoted, it could pave a new path for the sustainable development of energy in the boiler sector.
Effect of a Yeast β-Glucan on the Performance, Intestinal Integrity, and Liver Function of Broiler Chickens Fed a Diet Naturally Contaminated with Fusarium Mycotoxins
Authors: Marquis Virginie , Schulthess Julie , Molist Francesc , Santos Regiane R.
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the effect of a yeast β-glucan on the performance, gut health, liver function, and bacterial translocation of broiler chickens fed a diet contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins. One-day-old male Ross broilers (n = 234) were divided into three treatments with six replicates each, and a cage containing 13 birds was the experimental unit. The animals were fed a maize–soybean-based control diet or maize–soybean diets naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins, where deoxynivalenol (DON) was the major mycotoxin (~3 mg/kg), followed by zearalenone (ZEN) (~0.5 mg/kg). The Fusarium-contaminated diet was either supplemented or not with a yeast β-glucan over 28 days. Dietary exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins did not affect production performance. On the other hand, Fusarium mycotoxin exposure significantly decreased jejunum villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) on d13, and this effect was counteracted by the yeast β-glucan. On d28, the jejunum VH:CD ratio was significantly higher in the broiler chickens that were fed the Fusarium-contaminated diet with yeast β-glucan (125 mg/kg diet) added to it. The ileal villus area was significantly decreased in the broiler chickens fed Fusarium-contaminated diet, regardless of the supplementation with yeast β-glucan. Dietary contamination caused intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation, probably affecting nutrient absorption on d28, and resulted in a significant increase in the translocation of Escherichia coli to the liver. Dietary supplementation with yeast β-glucan minimized these negative effects.
Impact of Proton–Proton Collisions on the Cosmic-Ray Spectrum in Giant Clouds
Authors: Ge Hao-Ran , Liu Ruo-Yu
Published: January 2025

Gamma-ray production by proton–proton (pp) inelastic collisions plays an important role in searching for cosmic-ray (CR) accelerators. Understanding the pionic gamma-ray production associated with giant molecular/atomic clouds is thus crucial to identify this process. In this work, we study the feedback of the pionic gamma-ray production to the CR distribution, by considering collision-induced energy loss on cosmic-ray protons in the dense core region of molecular clouds (MCs). We try to introduce a Monte Carlo simulation framework to quantify this effect, and present a detailed analysis to evaluate how pp collisions harden the cosmic-ray proton spectrum and the resulting gamma-ray spectrum in giant clouds.
Applying Machine Learning Approach to Design Operational Control Strategies for a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Typical Scenarios
Authors: Li Han , Liu Chao , Guo Xiao , Sun Haotian , Li Xuefei , Jiang Hao , Miao Sheng
Published: January 2025

When confronted with different influent conditions, WWTPs often lack targeted and effective operational control strategies. For the three typical scenarios of low C/N, low water temperature and high water temperature, 441 carbon source dosage and DO concentration coordination control strategies were designed under the premise of ensuring the effluent water quality meets the standard. The purpose was to provide clear operational guidance for the efficient operation of WWTPs in different scenarios. To determine the optimal strategy, the effluent quality prediction model based on LSTM and GRU was constructed for testing. The results showed that: (1) the LSTM-GRU model is better than SVR and RF in predicting effluent COD and TN; (2) In the low C/N scenario, the carbon source dosage should be controlled between 0.23 t/h and 0.26 t/h, with the DO concentration ranging from 2.0 mg/L to 2.6 mg/L; (3) In the low water temperature scenario, the carbon source dosage should be controlled between 0.25 t/h and 0.27 t/h, with the DO concentration ranging from 2.6 mg/L to 2.8 mg/L; (4) In the high water temperature scenario, the carbon source dosage should be controlled between 0.20 t/h and 0.27 t/h, with the DO concentration ranging from 2.0 mg/L to 2.5 mg/L.
Bacterioplankton Community Structure and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Coastal Waters Around the Changli Gold Coast National Nature Reserve in Northern China
Authors: Li Jianyang , Wu Wenxuan , Shan Jinjie , Xiang Shizheng , Wei Guangshan
Published: January 2025

Marine bacterioplankton perform a very important role in the cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other elements in coastal waters. The impacts of environmental factors on bacterial community structure are dynamic and ongoing. This study investigated the spatiotemporal distributions of elements and their influences on bacterioplankton communities in the coastal waters around the Changli Gold Coast National Nature Reserve in northern China. The results demonstrate the significant temporal variability of phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon in spring and summer, influenced by natural environmental factors and anthropogenic activities. In spring, increased biological activity, particularly phytoplankton growth, may elevate TOC and POC levels near the river estuaries, while in summer, microbial decomposition likely stabilized carbon concentrations. The seasonal variation in the bacterioplankton community was obvious. Bacteroidetes were enriched in spring samples and Cyanobacteriota proliferated in summer. The dominated genera in the spring, including Planktomarina, an unclassified NS5_marine_group (belonging to Flavobacteriaceae), and the OM43_clade (Methylophilaceae), showed significant positive correlation with salinity, TDP, TOC, POP, and DO levels, while Synechococcus_CC9902 (Synechococcus), PeM15_unclassified (Actinobacteria), and HIMB11 (Rhodobacteraceae), which all dominate in summer samples, are significantly positively correlated with TN, TDN, temperature, and ammonium levels. In summer in particular, the increase in human activities and river inputs greatly improves nutrient levels and promotes the propagation of photosynthetic microorganisms. These results indicate that the nutrient elements and environmental physical conditions are affected by seasonal changes and human activities, which have significant effects on the community structure of bacterioplankton. This study highlights the importance of ongoing monitoring in estuarine coastal areas, especially in protected areas like the Changli Reserve, to manage eutrophication risks and maintain ecological balance.
Promoting the Establishment of China’s Rural Domestic Wastewater Standard System Based on the 6S Principle
Authors: Pan Zixin , Zhao Yuying , Peng Di , Lutterbeck Carlos Alexandre , Cheng Shikun , Chen Jingang , Li Zifu
Published: January 2025

The standardization of rural domestic wastewater (RDW) management is crucial for mitigating its negative environmental impacts. China has seen a significant increase in RDW emissions over the past decade, paralleled by the development of RDW management standards. This study reviews the development process of China’s RDW management standard system, analyzes RDW management practices in terms of standards in the United States, Japan, the European Union, and New Zealand. Considering the current situation and characteristics of China’s RDW treatment industry, this paper proposes a novel 6S principle that includes Specificity (adjusting standards to local conditions), Scientificity (ensuring the feasibility of standard indicators and thresholds), Suitability (developing technical guidelines suitable for different regions), Supervision (implementing monitoring, management, maintenance, and evaluation of RDW treatment facilities), Servitization (promoting reclaimed water reuse and nutrient recovery), and Systemization (establishing a complete RDW standard system). This principle covers the entire life cycle of RDW treatment system and offers targeted suggestions to address the strengths and weakness of the RDW management standard system. China can update and form a comprehensive RDW standard system and then improve the RDW management according to the 6S principle. The present paper has the potential to guide the establishment and improvement of RDW standard system in China and other developing countries.
Modelling Impacts of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities on Ecosystem State Variables of Water Quality in the Cat Ba–Ha Long Coastal Area (Vietnam)
Authors: Hai Nguyen Minh , Vinh Vu Duy , Ouillon Sylvain , Lan Tran Dinh , Duong Nguyen Thanh
Published: January 2025

Different scenarios have been established and simulated based on the Delft3D model to compare and assess the impact of human activities (increased pollutants as oxygen demand, BOD, COD, nutrients, and land reclamation), climate change (rising temperatures, sea level rise), and a combined scenario of human activities and climate change on water quality in the Cat Ba–Ha Long coastal area. The findings quantify the impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change on the water quality in the study area in 2030 and 2050. During the northeast monsoon and the two transitional seasons, the impact of humans and climate change adversely affects water quality. The impact of climate change is less significant than that of human activities and their combination, which result in a reduction in DO levels of 0.02–0.13 mg/L, 0.07–0.44 mg/L, and 0.09–0.48 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, during the southwest monsoon, climate change significantly reduces water quality (0.25–0.31 mg/L), more so than human activities (0.14–0.16 mg/L) and their combined effects (0.13–0.17 mg/L). This may elucidate the fact that the increase in nutrient supply from the river during the southwest monsoon in this region can result in an increase in nutrient levels and biological activity, which, in turn, causes an increase in DO. Additionally, the augmented quantity of DO may partially offset the decrease in DO resulting from climate change. Under the influence of human activities and climate change, the nutrient levels in the area increase, with average values of 0.002–0.033 g/m3 (NO3−), 0.0003–0.034 g/m3 (NH4+), and 0.0005–0.014 g/m3 (PO43−).
Die christlichen Grundgebete im Altlitauischen1 II . Das Apostolische Credo
Authors: Falk Markus , Thies Felix
Published: January 2025

As part two of a series about the Basic Prayers (Hail Mary, Apostolic Creed and Lord’s Prayer) in Old Lithuanian, the aim of this article is to collect all attestations of the Apostolic Creed translated into Lithuanian prior to 1700. The Apostolic Creed has two forms, the “common” declaratory one and a shorter, interrogative one used during baptism. This interrogative creed is not a shortened form of the declaratory one, but rather the original urban Roman creed, which was expanded during the 3rd century C. E. A total of 46 versions of the Apostolic Creed are attested in the Old Lithuanian era (the 16th and 17th century). The lexical and syntactic structure of the prayers is analyzed and compared as outlined in the first part of the series, to show their dependences and connections (compare Falk, Thies 2023). Four traditions can be discerned: Firstly, an early Lutheran line in Lithuania Minor, beginning with the Forma krikštymo by Mažvydas and continued by Vilentas (as already described by Judžentis 2021), the first translation of Mažvydas in his Catechism is only weakly connected to the aforementioned. Bretkes translation is close to this line as well, but shows variation. Secondly, a later Lutheran line begins with the Königsberg Cathechism of 1670 and is continued e. g. in the scientific works of Nettelhorst and Hartknoch and in many reprints of the 18th century. Third, the Reformed tradition, consisting of the reprints of Knyga Nobažnystės and only loosely connected to the earlier Catechism by Petkevičius; and fourth, the Catholic tradition, which begins relatively late, in the second half of the 17th century, because all earlier Catholic translations e. g. by Daukša can be considered isolated attempts. The traditions of all three denominations can be considered as canonicalized with the third edition of the Königsberg Catechism from 1700, the second edition of Knyga Nobažnystės from 1684 resp. the catechism by Pranas Šrubauskis from 1725.
Mykolo Miežinio žodyno rankraštis Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekoje
Authors: Girininkaitė Veronika
Published: January 2025

This article successfully identifies the manuscript, which currently is in the Manuscript Division of the Vilnius University Library and previously had been mistakenly ascribed to another author, as the draft of Mykolas Miežinis’s (1827–1888) quadrilingual Dictionary. To perform this task, it explores the history of assembling and editing the Dictionary and the structure of the handwritten text. Though Miežinis’ dictionary was far from perfection in many respects, this publication was an important lexicographic event for the epoch, becoming the only available dictionary of the Lithuanian language at that time and sparking interest in further lexicographic research (Antanas Baranauskas, Ignotas Šopara). We found that the marks in the manuscript correspond to the structure of the printed copy, which appeared in 1896 in Tilsit (today Sovetsk). The editions left by no fewer than three people who used several colours of ink resemble the complicated history of getting the manuscript ready for publishing (which is reconstructed based on contemporary correspondence and newspaper articles). The corrections included altering the Lithuanian spelling, choosing different synonyms for Russian and Latvian translations, adding Polish lexemes, and more. The character of the corrections and the sequence of languages allow dating the manuscript. The research concludes that this manuscript was a draft for the final copy, used by the typography. It could have been created before 1883, and no later than 1894.
Turovo evangelijos leidėjas Piotras Hiltebrantas (1865–1871)
Authors: Griškaitė Reda
Published: January 2025

The idea to write an article about Petr Hil’tebrandt (vel Hil’tebrant, 1840–1905) was born in the course of researching Pyotr Bezsonov vel Bessonov (1827–1898) (see ALt 25, 297–370). Both of them came to Vilnius (Rus. Vil’na) in 1865, in the wake of the uprising of 1863–1864. Both of them landed a job with the Vilnius Educational District. Both of them came from Moscow, where they had been actively engaged in the Slavophile media. Due to the difference in age, their relationship was one of a mentor and a pupil. Bezsonov, a researcher of Slavism and folklore and publisher of sources, already had a name among the academia, and was therefore handed the mission of setting up a centre for Russian science and culture in Vilnius, its goal being to eradicate the historical memory of the ‘Polish’ intellectual life that had once thrived there. Bezsonov was given a number of high-ranking positions in Vilnius, serving as the chairman of the Vilnius Commission for the Studies and Publication of the Books of the Early Acts and the headmaster of the Rabbi School in Vilnius and then of the 1st Boys’ Gymnasium in Vilnius. On top of that, he was the main reorganiser of the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities and the founder of the Vilnius Public Library. What brought Hil’tebrandt to Vilnius was not a career, and definitely not some ideology, but rather his wanting to start life anew: in 1863, he was expelled from the Faculty of History and Philology at Moscow University for his involvement in student unrest. By contrast to Bezsonov, a son to an orthodox priest, Hil’tebrandt came from a family of landlords in Ryazan governorate. When he came to Vilnius in 1865, Bezsonov was at the peak of his maturity: he was 37, married, and had a large family. Hil’tebrandt, who settled in Vilnius the very same year, was twenty-five and single. Contrary to Bezsonov, who did not spend two years in Vilnius, Hil’tebrandt kept working there for a whole seven years. By contrast to his older colleague, he did not engage in any kind of large-scale brainstorming regarding the depolonisation of the North-Western Province (NWP) and its integration into the Russian world: he would simply do what he was told to. He was not as adept with the quill as Bezsonov was, but he was still rather competent with it, and most importantly, he would write ‘correctly’ and had the ability to give ‘scientific’ justification to the Russian nature of the NWP. Opposite to Bezsonov, he was peaceful by nature. We cannot argue that Bezsonov chose Vilnius solely because of his career, for he had an innate sense of curiosity and would simply ‘collect’ new nations and new languages. When he came to the NWP to experience Belarussians firsthand, he was surprised by his discovery of Jews and stunned by how large and exotic their diaspora was, which was a contrast to Hil’tebrandt, who was known as a Judeophobe. The management of the Vilnius Educational District liked Hil’tebrandt. In the long run, Bezsonov became a byword for a ‘worthless’ clerk, while Hil’tebrandt was the embodiment of one who was ‘ideal’.
Game-changers: The Role of Students in Plant Genetic Resources Research
Authors: Jamago Joy M.
Published: January 2025

Plant genetic resources (PGR) conservation is not yet a household phrase, unlike biodiversity conservation. PGR, a subset of biodiversity, are primarily used for plant breeding or  crop improvement. Better crop varieties are essential to sustain food crop productivity, as well as, other crops for other uses. Sustaining crop breeding programs critically needs the availability of diverse PGR that are increasingly at risk of genetic erosion. PGR conservationists are still few and perhaps rare, compared to the work that needs to be done. Including and involving students to do research on PGR and their conservation, management and utilization could address many of the research gaps such as discovery of less known PGR and characterization of conserved PGR for pre-breeding work. However, research may change the course of the game, that their research experience on PGR and their findings could be transformative that they become future conservation leaders, champions and influencers.
The Influence of Financial Technology on the Performance of MSMEs in Alang-Alang Lebar District with E-Commerce as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Zikrillah Muhammad , Sartika Dewi
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the influence of Financial Technology (Fintech) on the performance of MSMEs with E-Commerce as a Moderating Variable. This study examines the impact of Fintech on MSMEs in Alang-Alang Lebar District, using quantitative methods to collect questionnaires. The test utilized a purposive sampling strategy to select 100 MSME actors who had previously used digital payment systems, utilizing surveys and the t-statistic, ensuring the validity of freely dispersed data without large sample sizes or normal distribution assumptions. Data were analyzed using statistical techniques to evaluate the relationships between Fintech adoption, MSME performance, and the moderating effect of E-Commerce. The results indicate that Fintech significantly influences MSME performance, as evidenced by a statistical T value of 15.772 at a significance level of 5%. The P value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05, supports this conclusion, demonstrating that Fintech adoption enhances MSME efficiency, financial management, and operational productivity. However, when testing the moderating effect of E-Commerce on the relationship between Fintech and MSME performance, the findings reveal an insignificant effect. The statistical T value of 0.909, smaller than the threshold of 1.96, and a P value of 0.363, greater than 0.05, indicate that E-Commerce does not strengthen or significantly alter the relationship between Fintech and MSME performance. The research explores the impact of Fintech adoption on MSME growth, highlighting the limited role of E-Commerce, offering valuable insights for optimizing business performance and competitiveness.
Managing Cash Flow and Financial Efficiency in Logistics Companies: Analyzing Practices and Their Impacts
Authors: Lovita Erna , Prabantoro Gatot , Roswida Karisma Devi
Published: January 2025

The phenomenon shows that the performance of the freight transport industry in Indonesia must be intensified to be more competitive, facing the current era of e-commerce technology-based business. This study examines the understanding and practices of cash flow management at PT. SMI Cargo and their impact on the company's financial efficiency. Through interviews with management and financial data analysis, PT was found. SMI Cargo places significant emphasis on cash flow management as a key indicator of financial health. Interactive analysis was employed as the primary methodology, which involves four stages: data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. This approach allowed for a systematic examination of cash flow practices, uncovering key insights into the company’s financial strategies. Data triangulation was used to enhance the validity and credibility of the research findings. The company enforces strict controls over expenditures and receivables collection to maintain cash flow stability—routine assessments of financial reports and financing effectiveness aid strategic decision-making. The company may create successful business strategies, such as pricing and promotional efforts, as well as PT, using accurate financial records and careful data analysis. For asset and revenue management, SMI Cargo has a strong internal control system in place that guarantees asset values are always correct and current. Compared to the prior period, net cash flow grew by up to 40% as a result of cost control and improved client payments. Investor interest is piqued and sustained financial performance is supported by this simple yet efficient financial management. This study did not thoroughly examine external elements that could affect the company's financial performance, such as macroeconomic conditions and regulatory changes in the logistics industry. To give a more complete picture of the company's financial performance, more study must take into account the in-depth investigation of external issues, such as macroeconomic conditions, regulatory changes, or trends in the logistics market.
En no Gyōja in Time: Pivotal Roles of the Founding Figure of Shugendō
Authors: Roth Carina
Published: January 2025

Shugendō, the “Way to powers through practice,” emerged as an independent religious movement towards the end of the thirteenth century. By that time, En no Gyōja had gained recognition as “ancestor” of all yamabushi (“those who lie down in the mountains”), in whose steps one walks when ascending shugen mountains. Concentrating on two crucial moments in the development of Shugendō, this essay examines the mechanisms through which the figure of En no Gyōja was used to construct this movement not only as a distinct tradition, but as one situated at the apex of the Japanese religious landscape. The first part of this contribution looks at the early medieval period, when Shugendō was still being defined as an autonomous religious current. The second part turns to the beginning of the twentieth century, when Shugendō was re-inventing itself in the wake of its dissolution under the religious reforms of the Meiji Restoration. In both contexts, En no Gyōja is presented as a figure of central importance, whose influence reaches well beyond the sole scope of Shugendō and finds its place in the religious and cultural history of the country.