bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Proliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of Camptothecin-20(s)-O-(2-pyrazolyl-1)acetic Ester in Human Breast Tumor MCF-7 Cells
Authors: Chu Chu , Xu Jialin , Cheng Dongping , Li Xingnuo , Tong Shengqiang , Yan Jizong , Li Qingyong
Published: April 2014

Camptothecin-20(s)-O-(2-pyrazolyl-1)acetic ester (CPT6) is a novel semi-synthetic analog of camptothecin. In a previous report, CPT6 possessed higher cytotoxic activity in vitro towards human breast tumor MCF-7 cells than topotecan. In this study, the antitumor activity of CPT6 on the human breast tumor MCF-7 cell line was analyzed using the MTT method. The underlying mechanism of CPT6 action was investigated by analyzing the cell cycle distribution, apoptotic proportion, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration using flow cytometry. Nuclear and mitochondrial morphologies were also observed by laser scanning confocal and transmission electron microscopy. DNA damage was observed in MCF-7 cells treated with CPT6. Low-dose CPT6 had a significant cytotoxic effect and could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, possibly through cell nucleus fragmentation and DNA damage. CPT6 thus appears to display potent antitumor activity against human breast tumor MCF-7 cells via the induction of apoptosis, and may be a useful alternative drug for breast cancer therapy.
Simplified Modeling of Rectangular Concrete Cross-Sections Confined by External FRP Wrapping
Authors: Lignola Gian , Prota Andrea , Manfredi Gaetano
Published: April 2014

The goal of this research project is to model the effect of confinement by means of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) externally bonded wrapping, hence to provide a simplified closed form solution to determine directly the ultimate confined concrete strength. Common cross-section shapes for reinforced concrete (RC) columns are considered herein, namely square and rectangular. The simplified model is derived from a more refined iterative confinement model proposed by the same authors to evaluate the entire stress-strain relationship of confined concrete. Based on a detailed analysis of the stress state through Mohr’s circle, a simplified closed form solution is proposed to account for the non-uniformly confined concrete performance exhibited in non-axisymmetric sections. The non-uniform confining stress field exhibited in such cross-sections is explicitly considered by means of the mean value integral of the pointwise variable stress state over the cross-section. The key aspect of the proposed methodology is the evaluation of the effective equivalent pressure to be inserted in any triaxial confinement model, to account for the peculiarities of square and rectangular cross-sections. Experimental data, available in the literature and representative of a wide stock of applications, were compared to the results of the theoretical simplified model to validate the proposed approach, and satisfactory results were found.
A Novel Land Cover Classification Map Based on a MODIS Time-Series in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Lu Linlin , Kuenzer Claudia , Guo Huadong , Li Qingting , Long Tengfei , Li Xinwu
Published: April 2014

Accurate mapping of land cover on a regional scale is useful for climate and environmental modeling. In this study, we present a novel land cover classification product based on spectral and phenological information for the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in China. The product is derived at a 500 m spatial resolution using an innovative approach employing moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series. The classification results capture regional scale land cover patterns and small-scale phenomena. By applying a regionally specified classification scheme, an extensive collection of training data, and regionally tuned data processing, the quality and consistency of the phenological maps are significantly improved. With the ability to provide an updated land cover product considering the heterogenic environmental and climatic conditions, the novel land cover map is valuable for research related to environmental change in this region.
Novel Piezoelectric Effect and Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Elements for MEMS Applications
Authors: Ponelyte Sigita , Palevicius Arvydas
Published: April 2014

This paper covers research on novel thin films with periodical microstructure—optical elements, exhibiting a combination of piezoelectric and surface plasmon resonance effects. The research results showed that incorporation of Ag nanoparticles in novel piezoelectric—plasmonic elements shift a dominating peak in the visible light spectrum. This optical window is essential in the design of optical elements for sensing systems. Novel optical elements can be tunable under defined bias and change its main grating parameters (depth and width) influencing the response of diffraction efficiencies. These elements allow opening new avenues in the design of more sensitive and multifunctional microdevices.
An Enhanced Sensing Application Based on a Flexible Projected Capacitive-Sensing Mattress
Authors: Chang Wen-Ying , Chen Chi-Chun , Chang Chih-Cheng , Yang Chin-Lung
Published: April 2014

This paper presents a cost-effective sensor system for mattresses that can classify the sleeping posture of an individual and prevent pressure ulcers. This system applies projected capacitive sensing to the field of health care. The charge time (CT) method was used to sensitively and accurately measure the capacitance of the projected electrodes. The required characteristics of the projected capacitor were identified to develop large-area applications for sensory mattresses. The area of the electrodes, the use of shielding, and the increased length of the transmission line were calibrated to more accurately measure the capacitance of the electrodes in large-size applications. To offer the users comfort in the prone position, a flexible substrate was selected and covered with 16 × 20 electrodes. Compared with the static charge sensitive bed (SCSB), our proposed system-flexible projected capacitive-sensing mattress (FPCSM) comes with more electrodes to increase the resolution of posture identification. As for the body pressure system (BPS), the FPCSM has advantages such as lower cost, higher aging-resistance capability, and the ability to sense the capacitance of the covered regions without physical contact. The proposed guard ring design effectively absorbs the noise and interrupts leakage paths. The projected capacitive electrode is suitable for proximity-sensing applications and succeeds at quickly recognizing the sleeping pattern of the user.
Analysis of Spatial Disparities and Driving Factors of Energy Consumption Change in China Based on Spatial Statistics
Authors: Xie Hualin , Liu Guiying , Liu Qu , Wang Peng
Published: April 2014

The changes of spatial pattern in energy consumption have an impact on global climate change. Based on the spatial autocorrelation analysis and the auto-regression model of spatial statistics, this study has explored the spatial disparities and driving forces in energy consumption changes in China. The results show that the global spatial autocorrelation of energy consumption change in China is significant during the period 1990–2010, and the trend of spatial clustering of energy consumption change is weakened. The regions with higher energy consumption change are significantly distributed in the developed coastal areas in China, while those with lower energy consumption change are significantly distributed in the less developed western regions in China. Energy consumption change in China is mainly caused by transportation industry and non-labor intensive industry. Rapid economic development and higher industrialization rate are the main causes for faster changes in energy consumption in China. The results also indicate that spatial autoregressive model can reveal more influencing factors of energy consumption changes in China, in contrast with standard linear model. At last, this study has put forward the corresponding measures or policies for dealing with the growing trend of energy consumption in China.
Domain Specificity in Human Symmetry Preferences: Symmetry is Most Pleasant When Looking at Human Faces
Authors: Little Anthony
Published: April 2014

Visual symmetry has been found to be preferred to asymmetry in a variety of domains and across species. A number of theories propose to explain why symmetry is preferred. In this article, I compare a perceptual bias view, in which symmetry is preferred due to factors inherit to the visual system, and an evolutionary advantage view, in which symmetry is preferred due to selection pressures on partner preference. Preferences for symmetry in three stimulus types were determined by having symmetric and asymmetric versions of the same images rated for pleasantness: human female faces, macaque monkey faces, and abstract art. It was found that preferences for symmetry were strongest for human female faces and weakest for art. This finding builds on previous research suggesting that symmetry preferences for human faces are different from symmetry preferences in other domains and that simple perceptual bias explanations do not wholly explain human visual face symmetry preferences. While consistent with an evolutionary advantage view, these data are also potentially explainable via a perceptual bias view which accounts for experience of stimuli. The interplay between these two views is discussed in the context of the current study.
L’accueil de la petite enfance en France et en Pologne
Authors: Pawlowska Aleksandra
Published: April 2014

Les pratiques de garde, en France et en Pologne, mettent en scène l’interaction entre les normes sociales et le comportement des acteurs sociaux. Ainsi, alors qu’en Pologne le modèle dominant de l’éducation des jeunes enfants est basé sur la présence maternelle et sur une forte valorisation du milieu familial, en France, l’éducation du petit enfant peut s’effectuer à la fois dans la famille et dans d’autres instances de socialisation. L’objectif de cet article issu d’un travail de thèse est d’interroger les fondements idéologiques à l’oeuvre dans le processus conduisant à opter pour un mode de garde donné. Il questionne l’articulation des conceptions normatives de la femme et de la famille avec celles du bien-être de l’enfant en France et en Pologne. Il montre également comment ces conceptions s’expriment dans les logiques individuelles à travers les choix professionnels des femmes lorsqu’elles deviennent mères, particulièrement leur rapport à l'interruption de l'activité professionnelle à l'arrivée de l''enfant.
La transition à l’âge adulte après une mesure de protection. Journée d’étude internationale 10 octobre 2013, Musée social-Cédias
Authors: Helfter Clémence
Published: April 2014

FRE: Protection de l’enfance , Jeunes mineurs et jeunes majeurs , Autonomie , Passage à l’âge adulte
Addition of H-phosphonates to quinine-derived carbonyl compounds. An unexpected C9 phosphonate–phosphate rearrangement and tandem intramolecular piperidine elimination
Authors: Górecki Łukasz , Mucha Artur , Kafarski Paweł
Published: April 2014

The Abramov reaction, a base-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of dialkyl H-phosphonates (phosphites) to carbonyl compounds, was performed with oxidized quinine derivatives as the substrates. Homologous aldehydes obtained from the vinyl group reacted in a typical way which led to α-hydroxyphosphonates, first reported compounds containing a direct P–C bond between the quinine carbon skeleton and a phosphorus atom. For the C9 ketones a phosphonate–phosphate rearrangement, associated with a tandem elimination of the piperidine fragment, was evidenced.
Visible-light-induced, Ir-catalyzed reactions of N-methyl-N-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)aniline with cyclic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds
Authors: Lenhart Dominik , Bach Thorsten
Published: April 2014

N-Methyl-N-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)aniline was employed as reagent in visible-light-induced, iridium-catalyzed addition reactions to cyclic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Typical reaction conditions included the use of one equivalent of the reaction substrate, 1.5 equivalents of the aniline and 2.5 mol % (in MeOH) or 1.0 mol % (in CH2Cl2) [Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)]BF4 as the catalyst. Two major reaction products were obtained in combined yields of 30–67%. One product resulted from aminomethyl radical addition, the other product was a tricyclic compound, which is likely formed by attack of the intermediately formed α-carbonyl radical at the phenyl ring. For five-membered α,β-unsaturated lactone and lactam substrates, the latter products were the only products isolated. For the six-membered lactones and lactams and for cyclopentenone the simple addition products prevailed.
How to manage free riders in a network of competitors: the case of animal genetic selection industry in France
Authors: Assens C. , Coléno F.
Published: April 2014

Setting up a network is considered as a key factor for the success of a small and medium enterprise (SME) to innovate and to create value through innovation. Moreover, there are difficulties in setting up such a network in the case of competing companies. Such ‘coopetition’ is based on knowledge transfer and resource sharing. But this kind of partnership may be used in an opportunistic way by some partners. The objective of this paper is to focus on these difficulties in managing a network of competing SMEs in order to manage an innovation whilst avoiding opportunistic strategies, using the analysis of the animal genetic selection industry in France.
Research and development project of innovative food products from an inter-organizational relationship perspective
Authors: Hoppe A. , Vieira L. Marques , de Barcellos M. Dutra , Oliveira G. Rodrigues
Published: April 2014

The objective of this research is to analyse the motivations and barriers to develop an innovative food product from the perspective of the two main participants in a development project. The perceptions of a Brazilian food co-operative and a Technological Centre were analysed throughout a case study. The results indicate the existence of a complex dyadic relationship between them and also that the food innovation network is still in its early stages in south of Brazil. The main motivation for the Technological Centre is to contribute to the national development policy. On the other hand, for the company there is the possibility to obtain partial funding for products development. The company is venturing while bringing to the food market an innovative product. Yet, it is clear that these kinds of inter-organizational collaborative efforts can bring benefits to food networks in general.
Information through Songs and the Creation of Tradition
Authors: Klobčar Marija
Published: April 2014

Pripovedne pesmi so imele v iskanju nacionalnih reprezentacij izjemno pomembno vlogo, utemeljeno tudi v estetskem vrednotenju. Zapisi pesmi iz prve polovice 19. stoletja so bili osredotočeni na besedila, zato se je presoja ustvarjalcev pripovednih pesmi in njihovih nosilcev oblikovala na podlagi stanja iz časa, ko so bile te pesmi ohranjene le še na podeželju. Ta pogled se je skladal s predstavo o kmečkem prebivalstvu kot ustvarjalcu ljudskega izročila. Iskanje geneze pripovednih pesmi, oprto na družbene razmere, na dokaze o obstoju letakov, na besedilne in glasbene značilnosti pa kaže na to, da je bila ustvarjalnost določenih pripovednih pesmi v veliki meri profesionalna, oprta tudi na tisk. V času svojega nastanka so bile te pripovedne pesmi kot popularne pesmi odmevne tudi med mladino in tudi v mestnem okolju, kar kaže na pomen mest pri tem izročilu ne le v sodobnosti, temveč tudi v preteklosti.
***
In the quest for ethnic identification, ballads played an exceptionally important role, which was also based on their aesthetic evaluation. Transcriptions of songs from the first half of the nineteenth century focused on the lyrics, and so the assessment of the creators of ballads and their bearers was shaped based on the situation when these songs were still only preserved in the countryside. This perspective was in line with the concept of the rural population as the creators of folk tradition. However, taking into account social circumstances, evidence regarding the existence of broadsides, and lyrical and melodic characteristics, it is clear that certain ballads were to a large extent created by professionals and also based on printed material. When they were being created, these ballads were also widespread among young people as popular songs and also in the urban environment, which points to the importance of towns in this tradition not only in the present, but also in the past.
Are Socio-Economic, Health Infrastructure, and Demographic Factors Associated with Infant Mortality in Russia?
Authors: Lee Carl , Soshnikov Sergey , Vladimirov Sergey
Published: April 2014

Literatures have shown that factors associated with infant mortality worldwide include not only the diseases of infants, mother's health conditions, but also social economic, environment, education and other factors in the society. Although the infant mortality has been declining in the recent decades, it continues to be an international concern. In general, the factors associated with the infant death due to diseases or mother's health conditions are similar worldwide. However, the social economic and environmental relate factors differ among countries. This study focuses on the investigation of social economic and environmental related factors that are associated with the infant mortality rate in Russia. The sampling unit of the infant mortality rate and potential factors are collected at the ‘region' level of Russia. Over 100 variables are identified using various national statistics databases of Russia. The issue of data quality is discussed in detail. Various strategies are applied to clean the data. Eight different modeling techniques are applied to identify potentially important factors that may have high association with the infant mortality rate in Russia.
Enhancing Teaching and Learning Wi-Fi Networking using Limited Resources to Undergraduates
Authors: Sarkar Nurul I.
Published: April 2014

Motivating students to learn Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) wireless networking to undergraduate students is often difficult because many students find the subject rather technical and abstract when presented in traditional lecture format. This paper focuses on the teaching and learning aspects of Wi-Fi networking using limited hardware resources. It provides a walk-through tutorial on setting up Wi-Fi networks using wireless laptops and access points. Students can easily set up and configure Wi-Fi networks using relatively few computing resources to learn networking concepts more effectively. By measuring the key performance metrics such as network throughput and response times, students are able to gain a deeper understanding of Wi-Fi network performance and related issues. The effectiveness of these Wi-Fi practical learning activities has been evaluated both formally by students and informally in discussion within the teaching team. This paper describes the overall effectiveness of teaching and learning Wi-Fi network fundamentals using limited resources.
The Challenges of Web 2.0 for Education in Greece
Authors: Anastasiades Panagiotes S. , Kotsidis Konstantinos
Published: April 2014

The pedagogical use of informational communication technology (ICT) in contemporary schools is an important issue in today's era of online learning environments. The internet is constantly evolving and it is transformed from a space of searching for information into a space of content creation and collaboration among users. Web 2.0 applications are being implemented in all levels of education with the intention of enhancing learning and, for countries such as Greece which are new to the use of ICT in the classroom, the learning outcomes are yet to be fully evaluated. This article aims to assess the research about the implementation of Web 2.0 applications in the Greek educational system, in the context of the international bibliography about the use and learning outcomes of Web 2.0.
cSELF (Computer Science Education from Life)
Authors: Bennett Audrey , Eglash Ron
Published: April 2014

The phrase “broadening participation” is often used to describe efforts to decrease the race and gender gap in science and engineering education, and in this paper the authors describe an educational program focused on addressing the lower achievement rates and career interests of underrepresented ethnic groups (African American, Native American, and Latino students). However “broadening participation” can also describe the more general problem of a narrow, decontextualized form of education that can alienate all demographics. Broadening the scope of computing education can not only help address disparities in different social groups, but also make technical education more attractive to all individuals, and help us create a generation of science and engineering professionals who can better incorporate an understanding of the world into their technical work. The program the authors report on, Computer Science Education from Life (cSELF) takes a modest step in this direction. Using the concept of “design agency” the authors describe how this merging of abstract formal structures, material creative practice, and cultural knowledge can improve underrepresented student engagement, and foster learning practices in computing that offer broader forms of social expression for all students.
An Experimental Study of Low-Frequency Vibration-Based Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters Used while Walking
Authors: Chiu Min Chie , Chang Ying Chun , Yeh Long Jyi , Chung Chiu Hung , Chu Chen Hsin
Published: April 2014

The goal of this paper is to develop and experimentally test portable vibration-based electromagnetic energy harvesters which are fit for extracting low frequency kinetic energy. Based on a previous study on fixed vibration-based electromagnetic energy harvesters, three kinds of portable energy harvesters (prototype I, prototype II, and prototype III) are developed and tested. To obtain the related parameters of the energy harvesters, an experimental platform used to measure the vibrational systems electrical power at the resonant frequency and other fixed frequencies is also established. Based on the research work of vibration theory, a low frequency vibration-arm mechanism (prototype III) which is easily in resonance with a walking tempo is developed. Here, a strong magnet fixed to one side of the vibration-arm along with a set of wires placed along the vibrating path will generate electricity. The circular device has a radius of 180 mm, a width of 50 mm, and weighs 200 grams. Because of its light mass, it is easy to carry and put into a backpack. Experimental results reveal that the energy harvester (prototype III) can easily transform kinetic energy into electrical power via the vibration-based electromagnetic system when walking at a normal speed. Consequently, electrical energy reaching 0.25 W is generated from the energy harvester (prototype III) by extracting kinetic energy produced by walking.
Model Predictions for New Iron Ore Sintering Process Technology Based on Biomass and Gaseous Fuels
Authors: de Castro Jose Adilson
Published: April 2014

In this paper a new technology for a compact iron ore sintering machine is analyzed. The compact sintering process is based on the massive injection of gaseous fuels and the solid fuel is only agglomerated fine charcoal obtained by biomass. The solid fuel used in this study is obtained by agglomeration of fine charcoal produced from elephant glass which has very short period for production and CO2 capture (less than 6 months in tropical climate). To overcome the lower heat supply into the combustion front of the sintering process the simultaneous injection of oxygen and gaseous fuel is proposed. The proposed methodology is to combine the solid fuel (agglomerated fines charcoal) and steelworks gases in a compact machine to enhance heat and mass transfer with high productivity (about 5 times the conventional large machine). A multiphase mathematical model based on transport equations of momentum, energy and chemical species coupled with chemical reaction rates and phase transformations is used to analyze the inner process parameters. A base case representing a possible actual industrial operation of the sintering machine is used in order to compare different scenarios of practicable operations which represents advanced operations techniques. The model was used to predict six cases of combined operation with biomass and fuel gas utilization: a) Scenario 01 and 02: Wind boxes inflow from N01-N10 of rich mixture of natural gas (NG) +Air +O2, b) Scenario 03 and 04: Wind boxes inflow from N01-N10 of rich mixture of coke oven gas (COG)+Air + O2, c) Scenario 05 and 06: Wind boxes inflow from N01-N10 of mixture of COG+BFG+Air+O2. The model predictions indicated that for all cases, the sintering zone is enlarged and the solid fuel consumption is decreased. In order to maximize the steelworks gas utilization it is recommended the use of mixture of COG and BFG with optimum inner temperature distribution within a compact sintering machine (in this study was the scenario 05), which enhance the productivity keeping good inner temperature distribution which promotes formation of calcium ferrites of structural shape which confers adequate metallurgical properties for blast furnace sinter. This technology is also expected to decrease considerably the specific CO2 emissions, as demonstrated by scenarios simulated. It worthy to mention that, although the solid fuel considered in this work is produced from biomass the gas utilization is attractive due to decrease of the CO2 emissions and the gas mixtures can easily be obtained by using inner steelworks gas.
Study on Measures for Solving Accident of Water Distribution System
Authors: Wang Wei Zhuo , Bian Jian Min
Published: April 2014

Measures for solving accident of water distribution system are main factors on urban pipe network developing. This research is done by mathematical modeling and optimization based on EPANET. The potential scheme have been proposed at the very beginning of the accident; then, the best result is chosen by calculating. The method is tested by solving a hypothetical case. The result shows the superiority of the optimization method in view of economic and reliability point, convergence and calculation efficiency in the calculation.
A Method of Load Prediction in District-Heating System Based on Data Mining
Authors: Liu Lan Bin , Zou Ai Juan , Ma Yu Fei
Published: April 2014

According to the internal mechanism of the formation of heat load, the formation of heat load consists of two parts, the systemic heat load, which is determined by the building envelope and outdoor environmental parameters and random load caused by the users randomness of events and solar radiation etc. Toward systemic heat load, this paper considered the influence of environmental parameters before the prediction time and used the method of stepwise trials and MSE to obtain the optimal solution. Toward random load, it is considered that the day of the same type have the same variation pattern. On this basis, this paper introduced a correction coefficient to obtain random load eventually. This paper selected DeST, the widely used energy simulation software in China, to analysis the case. The result shows that the prediction method is feasible and 50% of the predicted loads have the relative error of less than 5%.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Mesoporouse TiO2 with High Surface Area and Different Pore Size
Authors: Chen Feng Jiao , Bu Zhao Sheng , Zhou Guo Wei
Published: April 2014

Mesoporous TiO2with high surface area (SBET) and different pore size was successfully fabricated via hydrothermal method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and PEO-PPO-PEO as the structure-directing agents, and tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) as titanium source.SBETand pore size of the materials were adjusted by using different amount of TBT.SBETwas increased as TBT changing from 0.5 g to 1.0 g, and then dropped as 2.0 g TBT added. Among as-prepared samples (PC), PC-1.0 showed the highestSBETof 92.72 m2g1. With the increase amount of TBT, pore size increased from 10.36 nm to 12.72 nm. The phtocatalysis study showed that PC-1.0 had the highest percent degradation of 99.6 %. We believed that the design and synthesis of mesoporous TiO2with changing mesopores andSBETare important for both fundamental and technological viewpoints.
Forecasting of Photovoltaic Power Generation by RBF Neural Networks
Authors: Dragomir Florin , Dragomir Otilia Elena
Published: April 2014

Recent studies suggest that in order to facilitate higher market and grid penetration of solar power, the users need accurate forecasts of generating power from photovoltaic (PV) plants on multiple time horizons. Despite the large number of forecasting methods, the comparison of results and evaluation of relative advantages between models has been evasive. The general purpose of the paper is to explore the way of performing accurate forecasts of generating power from renewable energy sources so that independent system operators can act consequently. Different aspects of radial basis functions (RBF) neural networks (NNs) are discussed and an illustration of the proposed predictor software interface is given.
The Estimation of Thermal Conductivity for Alumina-Epoxy Composite Material with High Filling Volume Fraction
Authors: Huang Chen Kang , Leong Yun Ching
Published: April 2014

In this study, the transport theorem of phonons and electrons is utilized to create a model to predict the thermal conductivity of composite materials. By observing or assuming the dopant displacement in the matrix, a physical model between dopant and matrix can be built, and the composite material can be divided into several regions. In each region, the phonon or electron scattering caused by boundaries, impurities, or U-processes was taken into account to calculate the thermal conductivity. The model is then used to predict the composite thermal conductivity for several composite materials. It shows a pretty good agreement with previous studies in literatures. Based on the model, some discussions about dopant size and volume fraction are also made.
Life Cycle Assessment of Impacts of PHEVs on GHGs Emissions
Authors: Zhou Shu Yi , Niu Dong Xiao , Wang Qiong
Published: April 2014

Based on LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) model, the paper analyzed the impacts of PHEVs (Plug in hybrid electric vehicle) on GHGs emissions in total life-cycle. To analyze and find out the most decisive life cycle phase with highest impacts, qualitative and quantitative analysis methods were adopted to analyze the specific impacts on specific life stage, such as the production phase, use and maintenance phase and disposal phase of vehicle life. The aim was to give a direction for the development of PHEVs (Plug in hybrid electric vehicle) in environmental protection field.
Numerical Analysis of Temperature Field of Vertical Frozen Soil Wall Reinforcement at Shield Shaft
Authors: Hu Jun , Wang Xiao Bin , Jiang Bi Rong
Published: April 2014

For using vertical frozen working method as the reinforcement method at shield shaft, determination of the region of reinforcement, technology, as well as the evolution and distribution of temperature field of frozen soil curtain is the key problem. Aiming at shield launching project of Nanjing subway route-10 river tunnel, this paper applies finite element software to investigate the time series and distribution of temperature field. Nummerical results show that under the disigned frozen plan, the formation time of delivered circles in frozen wall, i.e., the required time for closing vertical frozen soil wall, is 7 days. After 30 days from frozen, vertical frozen forms a frozen soil wall of pressure load bearing for stopping water, with the thickness larger than 1.6m. Temperature in the area between frozen pipes at row B and tunnel face is lower than-26.67°C after 30 days from frozen. The distance between 0°C and-10°C isotherms and tunnel face is approximately 1.8m and 1.6m, respectively. 40 days after frozen, temperature in the area between frozen pipes at row B and tunnel face is still-26.67°C, but with larger area. The distance between tunnel face and 0°C and-10°C isotherms is approximately 2.1m and 1.8m, respectively. The numerical results provide theoretical data for future engineering designs that are simliar to the present study.
Electric Energy Information Collection System Based on SOA
Authors: Su Wen Peng , Yan Zhong Hua , Liang Cheng Hui
Published: April 2014

The electric energy information collection system is used to collect and process the electricity data, and monitor the electricity consumption in real time. To make the system more extensible and maintainable, SOA (Service-oriented architecture) plays an important role in enterprise integration. Web Services is an implementation of SOA. This paper mainly introduces and analyzes the architecture of the electric energy information collection system called iES-E200PRO which is designed based on SOA. In iES-E200PRO, Web Services is used as a middleware component, which enable the system corresponds and integrates with other systems. Besides, we analyze and compare the main technology of information display. And on the basis of iES-E200PRO, we design an electric energy information display system which is based on Web Services and FusionChart. This display system has been integrated into iES-E200PRO and works well.
Implementation and Detection Tests for Countermeasure – Annulled Hardware Trojan on FPGA
Authors: Yoshikawa Masaya , Tukadaira Takaya
Published: April 2014

A hardware Trojan is a circuit that is incorporated into LSI by a malicious designer. The LSI, which was infected with a hardware Trojan, acts following its specifications in normal operations. However, when Trojan trigger is actuated, subversive activities, such as leak of important information, occur. A software Trojan can be theoretically removed. However, since a hardware Trojan is physically incorporated into LSI, it is difficult to find from outside and it cannot be removed. The present study verifies the validity and effect of the countermeasure-annulled hardware Trojan by performing detection tests.
The Research on Intelligent Marking System for Examinations Based on Fuzzy Theory
Authors: Chen Yi
Published: April 2014

A lot of computer test system adopts objective topic given points by the computer, and the subjective topic is by the teachers review to points, giving teachers a lot of extra work. A targeted intelligence marking scheme is put forward in this paper, and connecting with the actual situation, designed and simulated the implements an intelligent system. With the aid of certain criteria, the subjective topic grading and the analysis of the examinee answers, are reasonable subjective item grading, shorting the testing process, saving marking time, without subjective factors in the marking. So that student's result can objectively real reaction students have mastered the knowledge and teachers' teaching.
Tree-Structured Parallel Regeneration Based on Regenerating Codes for Multiple Data Losses in Distributed Storage Systems
Authors: You Peng Fei , Peng Yu Xing , Huang Zhen , Wang Chang Jian
Published: April 2014

In distributed storage systems, erasure codes represent an attractive data redundancy solution which can provide the same reliability as replication requiring much less storage space. Multiple data losses happens usually and the lost data should be regenerated to maintain data redundancy in distributed storage systems. Regeneration for multiple data losses is expected to be finished as soon as possible, because the regeneration time can influence the data reliability and availability of distributed storage systems. However, multiple data losses is usually regenerated by regenerating single data loss one by one, which brings high entire regeneration time and severely reduces the data reliability and availability of distributed storage systems. In this paper, we propose a tree-structured parallel regeneration scheme based on regenerating codes (TPRORC) for multiple data losses in distributed storage systems. In our scheme, multiple regeneration trees based on regenerating code are constructed. Firstly, these trees are created independently, each of which dose not share any edges from the others and is responsible for one data loss; secondly, every regeneration tree based on regenerating codes owns the least network traffic and bandwidth optimized-paths for regenerating its data loss. Thus it can perform parallel regeneration for multiple data losses by using multiple optimized topology trees, in which network bandwidth is utilized efficiently and entire regeneration is overlapped. Our simulation results show that the tree-structured parallel regeneration scheme reduces the regeneration time significantly, compared to other regular regeneration schemes.
Time Series Analysis and Data Prediction: An ECM Neuronal Approach Applied to EUR/USD Currency
Authors: Marcek Dusan
Published: April 2014

Several approaches to dynamic modeling in economic such as ARIMA, GARCH, neural nets and error corrected models have become popular in recent years. We evaluate statistical and neuronal methods for daily EUR/USD currency prediction using daily EUR/USD time series data. Both techniques are reviewed and contrasted from the accuracy of forecasting models point of view. We show that an RBF neural network can achieve better prediction results than the latest statistical methodologies. Following fruitful applications of neural networks to predict financial data this work goes ahead by using neural networks for modeling any non-linearities within the estimated statistical models.
A Way to Chips Diagnosis by Short Circuits
Authors: Kinsht Nikolay V. , Petrun’ko Natalia N.
Published: April 2014

The various formulations of the technical diagnostics problem are possible when creation and use of analog circuits. One approach allows deviation a sufficiently large set of the elements parameters. The results of this diagnosis can be used to improve the technology of analog circuits or predict their behavior depending on the time of exposure or destabilizing factors. The power sources (current sources and emf) commonly used as a testing influence on circuit in realization test diagnosis. A short circuit approach of the testing experiments organization with active analog circuits with partly inaccessible nodes is considered.
Study on Biomaterials of Anti-Gastric Trametenolic Acid B Semi-Synthetic Derivatives
Authors: Yan Xi Ming , Ding Ming Ruo , Liu Ming Guo , Wang Jun Zhi , Huang Nian Yu
Published: April 2014

Discovery of bioactive ingredients from plants and fungi is always the hot spots in medicinal chemistry. The trametenolic acid B was a bioactive lanostane-type triterpenoid inTrametes lactinea(Berk.) Pat. In this work, four semi-synthetic derivatives were synthesized, characterized and evaluated the anti-gastric cancer activities against HGC-27 cells with the aim of obtaining better anti-tumor agents. The compounds2aand3bpossessed good anti-proliferative effects under normal physiological conditions, and their anti-cancer effects increased as the pH decrease to 5.5 with the IC50of 17.55 and 10.63 μM, respectively. These compounds might be further developed as anti-gastric cancer drugs.
Formula Design of Corrosion-Resistant Concrete under Sulfate-Chloride Compound Attack
Authors: Zeng Cong , Hao Dong Xue , Chen Rong
Published: April 2014

The research background is the pile foundation concrete formula design of transmission line, the foundation of construction site is high-corrosion circumstance in western of China. The target of this paper is to propose a concrete formula which can resist the compound attack of sulfate and chloride. Firstly, compound solution was made up to simulate the groundwater corrosion circumstance. Then, the following tests were carried out: sulfate solution attack test, groundwater attack test, chloride ion permeability test and compressive strength test under different curing environment. Many concrete formulas were pre-designed according to the different cement chemical compositions and the admixture quantities. After optimization, the adaptive formula was obtained. The scheme and results in this paper can be extended to similar studies on corrosion-resistant concrete.
Support Vehicles Allocation Method Set Based on Feature
Authors: Yu Yong Tao , Ding Ying
Published: April 2014

Scientific and highly rational allocation of support vehicles is an important material foundation on successfully completing support task. Based on characteristics of task and vehicle, we propose build vehicle allocation method set, complete support vehicle allocation scheme operations. First we analyzed to determine the key factor of the vehicle allocation, followed by support vehicles according to characteristics of construction method of allocation set. Once again under the support task characteristics, step by step approach focuses on the use of the specific allocation method to generate the allocation base scenario. Finally, according to environmental factors correction, get support vehicles allocation scheme.
Finite Element Analysis on Seismic Behavior of Steel Frame-Steel Reinforced Concrete Lateral Resistance Wall Structure
Authors: Guan Yu , Liu Pei Song , Song Sheng Nan
Published: April 2014

The ABAQUS finite element software is used to simulate the horizontal mechanical behavior of steel frame-steel reinforced concrete lateral resistance wall structure and analyze influencing factors. The parameters include the steel ratio of shape steel infill lateral resistance wall, the axial compression ratio of frame columns and the aspect ratio of lateral resistance wall. The results show that the lateral stiffness and carrying capacity of structural system raise as the steel ratio of shape steel infill wall increase. With the axial compression ratio of columns increase, structural system has little change in the lateral stiffness, while the bearing capacity decreases and the torsional constraint for the frame columns is enhanced gradually. With the aspect ratio of lateral resistance wall reduces, the lateral stiffness and bearing capacity of structural system increase, while the ductility decreases gradually.
The Finite Element Analysis on Seismic Performance of Ring Beam and Constructional Column with Different Storey in Masonry Building
Authors: Xiong Xue Yu , Xue Rong Jun , Zhang Sen , Wang Li Jun
Published: April 2014

The masonry building takes a majority of town housings in these areas. Unlike the experimental study, the Finite Element Analysis is an important part for better comprehension of the finite element method and can reduce the investment and manpower. The aim of this paper is to simulate the structural response from the variety of masonry buildings under earthquake excitations by using finite element software called ABAQUS. There are four models of the masonry building with different storey, which include the one without constructional column and ring beam, with constructional column only, with ring beam only and with constructional column and ring beam simultaneously. In the process of modeling, we adopt the integrated model and regard walls, constructional columns, slabs and steels as homogenous continuums. Furthermore, we adopt concrete damaged plasticity material model to simulate the material of building and input El Centro earthquake wave N-S component. The result of analysis shows that setting ring beams or constructional columns can significantly improve the integrity of the building and reduce the mises stress on foundation. The result of analysis has a significant guidance on masonry building construction in seismic region.
Aeronautical Study for Flight Time Estimation Applying Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Lin Yung Ching , Lin Lee Kuo , Tsai Shao Hong
Published: April 2014

Since the adoption of open-air policy, people make more frequent use of air travel to do various business or tourism activities. The volume of air traffic has greatly increased, along with the occurrences of traffic jam in the air. Delays of landings or take-offs and the congestions in the approach air space have become commonplace, exacerbating the already heavy workload of air-traffic controllers and the inadequacies of ATC system. Therefore, a study of flight time in ATC operation to help alleviate airspace congestions has become more and more urgent and important. Taking international airway A1 as an example, this study makes use of the known entry time, flight altitude, speed, penetrating and descending as the input of artificial neural networks; the time between departure and transfer point as the output of Artificial Neural Networks, to establish artificial neural network. Applying artificial neural networks and genetic algorithm to the study to simulate the result of actual flight, one can precisely estimate the flight time, thereby making it an efficient air-traffic-control instrument. It can help controllers handle different time segments of air traffic, thus upgrading the quality of air traffic control service.
Analysis on the Impact of the Type and Content of SBS on the Performance of the Modified Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Han Sen , Niu Dong Yu , Liu Ya Min , Chen De , Liu Deng Wu
Published: April 2014

The types and contents of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modifier are two important factors of SBS modified asphalt mixtures. Nowadays, SBS are extensively utilized to modified asphalt in order to improve the performance of the flexible pavement. The objective of this study is to determine a best selection of types and contents of SBS modifier, which can improve high-temperature stability; low-temperature anti-cracking performance and moisture susceptibility of SBS modified asphalt mixture. The mixtures with four types of SBS (Linear A, Linear B, Star A, Star B) and the different contents of each type SBS including Linear SBS of 0%, 3%, 4%, 4.5% and Star SBS of 0%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, were evaluated for the pavement performance of them under laboratory conditions. Wheel tracking test, beam bending test and freeze-thaw tensile strength test were chosen and carried out to determine high-temperature stability, low-temperature anti-cracking performance and the moisture susceptibility respectively. The laboratory testing results indicate that Star SBS show the more effective effects than Linear SBS to improve the high-temperature stability, low-temperature anti-cracking performance and moisture susceptibility of SBS modified asphalt mixture, and the optimum content of SBS can also play a key role the improvement of the pavement performance.
Influence of Large Track Maintenance Machine on Sleeper Supporting Stiffness
Authors: Zhang Meng Nan , Wu Yu Bin , Ma Xiao Chuan , Wang Ping
Published: April 2014

Large track maintenance machine is one of the most important components of modernization of rail technical equipment. The sleeper supporting stiffness after large track maintenance operation has an effect on the safety and stability of train operation. This article make some conclusions through the analysis the influence of large track maintenance machine operation on sleeper supporting stiffness. It is indicated that during the maintenance operation, ballast compactness is enhanced and the supporting stiffness increases by tamping operation, but the supporting stiffness decreases due to the effect of stabilizing machine. After ballast cleaning operation, the supporting stiffness decreases to 10% of the original state, but back to 70%~110% of the original state after stabilizing operation. The influence of supporting stiffness on safety and stability of train operation should be taken into consideration in determining the allowable running speed after cleaning operation.