bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A single dorsal vagal complex circuit mediates the aversive and anorectic responses to GLP1R agonists
Authors: Yacawych Warren T. , Wang Yi , Zhou Guoxiang , Hassan Shad , Kernodle Stace , Sass Frederike , DeVaux Martin , Wu Iris , Rupp Alan , Tomlinson Abigail J. , Lin Zitian , Secher Anna , Raun Kirsten , Pers Tune , Seeley Randy J. , Myers Martin , Qiu Weiwei
Published: January 2025

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) effectively reduce feeding to treat obesity, although nausea and other aversive side effects of these drugs can limit their use. Brainstem circuits that promote satiation and that mediate the physiologic control of body weight can be distinguished from those that cause aversion. It remains unclear whether brainstemGlp1rneurons contribute to the normal regulation of energy balance and whether GLP1RAs control appetite via circuits distinct from those that mediate aversive responses, however. Hence, we defined roles for AP and NTSGlp1r-expressing neurons (APGlp1rand NTSGlp1rneurons, respectively) in the physiologic control of body weight, the GLP1RA-dependent suppression of food intake, and the GLP1RA-mediated stimulation of aversive responses. While silencing non-aversive NTSGlp1rneurons interfered with the physiologic restraint of feeding and body weight, restoring NTSGlp1rneuronGlp1rexpression on an otherwiseGlp1r-null background failed to enable long-term body weight suppression by GLP1RAs. In contrast, selectiveGlp1rexpression in APGlp1rneurons restored both aversive responses and long-term body weight suppression by GLP1RAs. Thus, while non-aversive NTSGlp1rneurons control physiologic feeding, aversive APGlp1rneurons mediate both the anorectic and weight loss effects of GLP1RAs, dictating the functional inseparability of these pharmacologic GLP1RA responses at a circuit level.
Scg2 drives reorganization of the corticospinal circuit with spinal premotor interneurons to recover motor function after stroke
Authors: Sato Tokiharu , Nakamura Yuka , Hoshina Kana , Inoue Ken-ichi , Takada Masahiko , Yano Masato , Matsuzawa Hitoshi , Ueno Masaki
Published: January 2025

Brain injuries such as stroke damage neural circuitry and lead to functional deficits. Spared motor pathways are often reorganized and contribute to functional recovery; however, the connectivity and molecular mechanisms that drive the reorganization are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate structural and functional connectivity reformed by spared corticospinal axons after stroke and determine a key secretory protein that drives the reorganization. We first found that corticospinal axons innervate specific areas of the denervated cervical cord after stroke. Anatomical and photometric analyses reveal that the axons reconnect to premotor V2a interneurons. Kinematic analyses of forelimb movements and chemogenetic silencing reveal their contribution to motor recovery. Translated mRNA expression analyses of V2a interneurons and astrocytes in the denervated cervical cord reveal diverse transcripts upregulated in the rewiring process. In particular, a secretory protein Scg2 is upregulated by injury-induced purinergic ATP signals and rehabilitative training-induced neural activity and possesses an ability to promote axon growth via cAMP and S6 signaling. Scg2 overexpression in the denervated cervical cord enhances axon rewiring, while the Scg2 knockdown attenuates it. The present data reveal the neural substrate and molecular mechanism essential to induce reorganization and recovery of the motor system, providing fundamental therapeutic targets for CNS injuries.
Sensory Appendage Protein triggers alarm to pyrethroid in Indian malarial vector Anopheles culicifacies
Authors: Saini Vaishali , Rohilla Pooja , Srivastava Vartika , Tandon Gitanjali , Yadav Pooja , Sankhala Nirmala , Singh Tanvi , Sharma Gunjan , Tyagi Suchi , De Tanwee Das , Dixit Rajnikant
Published: January 2025

Sensory appendage proteins (SAPs) serve as molecular arms of odorant-binding protein family members and mediate chemical communication from the external to the internal environment of the insect body. We recently reported that SAP members might have an important role in blood-feeding and/or insecticide resistance-associated behavioral physiologies, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here we show howSAPcontributes (i) to the host attraction during navigation for blood-feeding, and (ii) triggers an alertviaintegrated actions of eyes and peripheral sensory organs to circumvent the toxic effect of insecticide in the susceptible strain ofAn. culicifacies. Among the six identified SAP members,AcSAP1andAcSAP2are abundantly expressed in the olfactory and legs, and their expression is significantly modulated at night in naïve adult female mosquitoes. We noticed thatAcSAP1silencing significantly impairs the host-attraction properties of the mosquitoes. Its strong binding affinity to the synthetic pyrethroid prompted us to evaluate theAcSAP1response to insecticide exposure. Confocal microscopy and molecular profiling data reveal a heightened modulation in the expression ofAcSAP1in eyes, and other peripheral sensory organs including the olfactory (****p<0.00001), legs (**p < 0.004), wings (***p < 0.0004). These findings collectively suggest a crucial role ofAcSAP1in facilitating mosquito navigation, and/or insecticide avoidance. Unraveling the basis of SAP interactions with peripheral sensory systems could pave the way for the development of novel vector control tools.
Proximity labeling of the Tau repeat domain enriches RNA-binding proteins that are altered in Alzheimer’s disease and related tauopathies
Authors: Shapley Sarah M. , Shantaraman Anantharaman , Kearney Masin A. , Dammer Eric B. , Duong Duc M. , Bowen Christine A. , Bagchi Pritha , Guo Qi , Rangaraju Srikant , Seyfried Nicholas T.
Published: January 2025

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other tauopathies, tau dissociates from microtubules and forms toxic aggregates that contribute to neurodegeneration. Although some of the pathological interactions of tau have been identified from postmortem brain tissue, these studies are limited by their inability to capture transient interactions. To investigate the interactome of aggregate-prone fragments of tau, we applied anin vitroproximity labeling technique using split TurboID biotin ligase (sTurbo) fused with the tau microtubule repeat domain (TauRD), a core region implicated in tau aggregation. We characterized sTurbo TauRD co-expression, robust enzyme activity and nuclear and cytoplasmic localization in a human cell line. Following enrichment of biotinylated proteins and mass spectrometry, we identified over 700 TauRD interactors. Gene ontology analysis of enriched TauRD interactors highlighted processes often dysregulated in tauopathies, including spliceosome complexes, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and nuclear speckles. The disease relevance of these interactors was supported by integrating recombinant TauRD interactome data with human AD tau interactome datasets and protein co-expression networks from individuals with AD and related tauopathies. This revealed an overlap with the TauRD interactome and several modules enriched with RBPs and increased in AD and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). These findings emphasize the importance of nuclear pathways in tau pathology, such as RNA splicing and nuclear-cytoplasmic transport and establish the sTurbo TauRD system as a valuable tool for exploring the tau interactome.
Sensorimotor adaptation reveals systematic biases in 3D perception
Authors: Lim Chaeeun , Vishwanath Dhanraj , Domini Fulvio
Published: January 2025

The existence of biases in visual perception and their impact on visually guided actions has long been a fundamental yet unresolved question. Evidence revealing perceptual or visuomotor biases has typically been disregarded because such biases in spatial judgments can often be attributed to experimental measurement confounds. To resolve this controversy, we leveraged the visuomotor system’s adaptation mechanism — triggered only by a discrepancy between visual estimates and sensory feedback — to directly indicate whether systematic errors in perceptual and visuomotor spatial judgments exist. To resolve this controversy, we leveraged the adaptive mechanisms of the visuomotor system to directly reveal whether systematic biases or errors in perceptual and visuomotor spatial judgments exist. In a within-subject study (N=24), participants grasped a virtual 3D object with varying numbers of depth cues (single vs. multiple) while receiving haptic feedback. The resulting visuomotor adaptations and aftereffects demonstrated that the planned grip size, determined by the visually perceived depth of the object, was consistently overestimated. This overestimation intensified when multiple cues were present, despite no actual change in physical depth. These findings conclusively confirm the presence of inherent biases in visual estimates for both perception and action, and highlight the potential use of visuomotor adaptation as a novel tool for understanding perceptual biases.
Celestial optical theorem
Authors: Liu Reiko , Ma Wen-Jie
Published: January 2025

We derive the celestial optical theorem from the S-matrix unitarity, which provides nonperturbative bootstrap equations of conformal partial wave (CPW) coefficients. This theorem implies that the imaginary parts of CPW coefficients exhibit a positivity property. By making certain analyticity assumptions and using the celestial optical theorem, we derive nonperturbative constraints concerning the analytic structure of CPW coefficients. We discover that the CPW coefficients of four massless particles must and can only have simple poles located at specific positions. The CPW coefficients involving massive particles exhibit double-trace poles, indicating the existence of double-trace operators in nonperturbative celestial conformal field theory. It is worth noting that, in contrast to AdS/CFT, the conformal dimensions of double-trace operators do not have anomalous dimensions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Tantum gravity
Authors: Ecker Florian , Fiorucci Adrien , Grumiller Daniel
Published: January 2025

We argue there is an interesting triple-scaling limit of quantum gravity, namely when Planck’s constant scales to infinity while Newton’s constant and the speed of light tend to zero, keeping fixed the gravitational coupling GNc−4 and the combination ℏc. We refer to this limiting theory as “tantum gravity” and describe in this Letter some of its main properties and prospects for physics. Most notably, the laws of black hole thermodynamics survive this limit, which means that puzzles related to black holes and their evaporation could be addressed more easily in tantum gravity than in fully fledged quantum gravity.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Ethical leadership and public service recovery performance: the roles of thriving at work and moral self-efficacy
Authors: Nguyen Long Le Hoang
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The study aims to explore the mechanism to strengthen service recovery performance among public sector employees. Delving on the notion that ethical aspects of public leaders could serve as reliable models, the research investigated the role of ethical leadership, thriving at work and moral self-efficacy.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative approach with two waves of data collection from both supervisors' and subordinates’ perspectives in public organizations was conducted. The final sample size was 331.

Findings

Ethical leadership has a positive effect on public sector employees' thriving at work. In turn, the state of thriving at work mediates the association between ethical leadership and service recovery performance. Public servants’ moral self-efficacy moderates both the direct relationship between ethical leadership and thriving at work, as well as the indirect effect of ethical leadership on service recovery performance through thriving at work.

Originality/value

The research findings suggest an understanding of how ethical leadership could cultivate public service recovery performance through employees’ thriving. The common values between subordinates and leaders were found to facilitate a better translation of the leaders’ role model into employees’ psychology and behaviors.
Assessing the transmission of global market volatility to Moroccan food prices: a VECM-based analysis with forecast error variance decomposition
Authors: El Amine Youness , Benboubker Mounir
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper examines the transmission of global food (GF) and global energy (GE) volatilities to the Moroccan food market, focusing on both aggregated and specific commodities such as dairy, meat and oils and fats.

Design/methodology/approach

Using monthly data from September 2009 to June 2024, a vector error correction model (VECM) was estimated to capture short-run and long-run dynamics. The analysis is complemented by impulse response functions (IRFs) and forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) to provide insights into the transmission mechanisms.

Findings

The results indicate an increased sensitivity of the Moroccan food market, particularly following the 2021 price spikes. The study identifies energy input costs, particularly related to fertilizers and transportation, as primary transmission mechanisms. Additionally, the real effective exchange rate (REER) also significantly influences the Moroccan food market.

Research limitations/implications

Further research could explore the transmission from oil derivatives, such as gasoline and fuel, which are directly used in agricultural activities, to provide a more comprehensive understanding.

Social implications

Understanding the transmission of global shocks to domestic markets can help in developing strategies to enhance food security and protect consumers from price volatility.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by comprehensively analyzing the direct and indirect transmission mechanisms from global food and energy markets to the Moroccan food market, with policy implications to enhance price stability.
Strategies for driving customer adoption of AI-powered mobile apps: insights from structural equation modeling in the water sector
Authors: Murrar Abdullah , Paz Veronica , Batra Madan , Yerger David
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Artificial intelligence (AI) in mobile apps is growing rapidly, with features such as image recognition, personalized notifications and prescriptive analytics becoming more common. One such app is the Equalizer AI-powered mobile app, which uses AI to process water invoices, advise customers on fair prices and consumption and allow for online payment and data submission. This study aims to develop a technology adoption model for AI-powered mobile apps in the water sector by extending the value-based adoption model (VAM) to include customer trust.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data was collected from 385 smartphone-using water customers. A stratified sampling approach ensured a representative sample of Palestinian water customers in the West Bank region. The study used a validated tool to measure perceived customer value, trust and adoption intention. It also used structural equation modeling to develop a causal diagram using the AMOS software.

Findings

The results confirmed a positive relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived innovation and perceived value and a negative relationship between perceived technical difficulty and perceived value. Contrary to VAM theory, the study showed a positive relationship between perceived fees and perceived value, indicating that users view premium fees as a cue of quality, accuracy, innovation and trustworthiness.

Practical implications

The high adoption intention of these apps holds significant implications for both the government and the water sector. This is because it results in the accumulation of substantial data, which can be used by government authorities and water providers to monitor and sustain the sector effectively.

Originality/value

This research extends existing technology adoption models by integrating customer trust and applying them to the water sector in a developing country. It offers new insights into public service innovations, addressing the unique cultural and sectoral challenges in this context.
Can authentic leadership benefit employees in all situations? The interaction effect of authentic leadership and team conflict on employee creativity
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhou Mi , Zhao Wen hong
Published: January 2025

Purpose

There has long been a belief that authentic leadership positively impacts employee outcomes, consistently proven to be effective. However, is this conclusion universally applicable in any situation? To answer this question, we investigated the interaction effect between authentic leadership and two types of team conflict (task conflict and relationship conflict) on employee creativity as well as the mediating role of employee trust in the leader (affective-based and cognitive-based), looking to open up a new milestone for authentic leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

This study involved 589 employees across 75 teams, with data collected using a dual-wave, multi-source approach.

Findings

The results demonstrated that authentic leadership can enhance employee creativity, but this effect is not absolute. Specifically, the interaction between authentic leadership and task conflict negatively affected employee creativity, with this relationship mediated by cognitive-based trust. Conversely, there was no significant impact of authentic leadership on relationship conflict affecting creativity, nor was this relationship mediated by affective-based trust.

Originality/value

This study challenges the long-held belief that authentic leadership always positively impacts employee creativity. Moreover, it provides new perspectives on the different situations in which authentic leadership has varying impacts on employee creativity. Additionally, the study contributes to a further systematic and comprehensive understanding of the impact of authentic leadership.
Identifying high‐risk firearms dealers: A machine learning study of rapidly diverted firearm sales in California
Authors: Laqueur Hannah S. , Smirniotis Colette
Published: January 2025

Research Summary

Using firearm transaction and crime gun recovery records from California (2010–2021), we employ machine learning to identify dealers who sold largest number and highest fraction of guns recovered in crimes within 1 year of sale. This short “time‐to‐crime” (TTC) is a well‐established indicator of potential illegal activity by dealers or traffickers. We developed two primary prediction models: the first classifies dealer‐years in the top 5% of 1‐year crime gun sales volume (prediction model 1), the second identifies dealer‐years in the top 5% based on the fraction of sales recovered within a year (prediction model 2). Both models demonstrated strong discriminative performance, with areas under the receiver operating curve (AUCs) of 0.95 and 0.86, respectively, and areas under the precision‐recall curve (AUC–PRs) of 0.72 and 0.43. By comparison, a random classifier would be expected to achieve an AUC of 0.50 and an AUC‐PR of 0.05. Prediction model 1 was particularly effective at identifying the highest risk dealers: Those with predictions exceeding 0.90 consistently ranked in the top 5% across multiple years, averaging 33 1‐year crime gun sales annually. The machine learning models generally outperformed simpler regression and rule‐based approaches, underscoring the value of data‐adaptive methods for prediction. Key predictors included prior‐year crime gun sales, the average age of purchasers, the proportion of “cheap” handgun sales, and the local gun robbery and assault rate.

Policy Implications

Firearms dealers may engage in behaviors that facilitate the diversion of guns to criminal markets. Combining detailed transaction and recovery records with machine learning could help efficiently identify high‐risk retailers for targeted enforcement to disrupt the flow of firearms to gun offenders. Future research is needed to determine whether a high number of short TTC sales as compared to a high fraction is a more reliable predictor of law evasion.
Pangenomics Links Boll Weevil Divergence With Ancient Mesoamerican Cotton Cultivation
Authors: Cohen Zachary P. , Perkin Lindsey C. , Raszick Tyler J. , Sim Sheina B. , Geib Scott M. , Childers Anna K. , Sword Gregory A. , Suh Charles P.‐C.
Published: January 2025

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, and thurberia weevil, Anthonomus grandis thurberiae Pierce, together comprise a species complex that ranges throughout Mexico, the southwestern regions of the United States and parts of South America. The boll weevil is a historically damaging and contemporaneously threatening pest to commercial upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvales: Malvaceae), whereas the thurberia weevil is regarded as an innocuous non‐pest subspecies that is mostly found on non‐cultivated Thurber's or Arizona cotton, Gossypium thurberi L., throughout its native range in western Mexico and the southwestern United States. Recent independent analyses, using mitochondrial and whole‐genome markers, have suggested the independent evolution of these lineages is more attributable to geographic isolation than biotic factors. We suggest a combination of drivers after employing comparative genomic, population genetic and pangenome methodologies to identify large and small polymorphisms. By leveraging genetic differences, we determined 39,310 diagnostic loci between the subspecies, find genes under selection, and model the subspecies' shared and unique evolutionary history. Interestingly, structural variations capture a large proportion of genes at the population level and demographic reconstruction suggests a split between approximately 3,320–16,300 before present (YBP), which coincides with cotton cultivation in Mesoamerica, approximately 3,000‐5,000 YBP. Observed polymorphisms are enriched for reproductive, regulatory, and metabolic genes, which may be attributed to the subspecies split and coevolution with cultivated cotton. Our results demonstrate the utility of a holistic, comparative framework utilising small and large polymorphisms to reconstruct demography and identify genetic novelty via pangenomics.
Metformin use and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma outcomes: a narrative review
Authors: Lee Dooyeon , Liew Mun Sem , Fourlanos Spiros , Choi Julian
Published: January 2025

Background

Metformin is a diabetes medication with anti‐mitotic properties. A narrative review was performed to investigate people using metformin and the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as well as survival outcomes in established PDAC.

Methods

Relevant studies on metformin use and PDAC were retrieved from PubMed including observational studies on metformin and the risk of developing PDAC and survival outcomes in PDAC, and randomized controlled trials of metformin as a treatment in PDAC.

Results

Of the 367 studies searched, 26 studies fulfilled the criteria for this review. Metformin was not consistently associated with a reduced risk of developing PDAC. However, metformin use, especially higher cumulative doses, in some studies was associated with longer survival in patients with established PDAC, especially in the subgroup with resectable PDAC. Metformin use was not associated with longer survival in more advanced (non‐resectable metastatic) PDAC.

Conclusion

Metformin was not consistently associated with a reduced risk of developing PDAC. Metformin may be associated with overall survival benefits in patients with PDAC including the resectable PDAC subgroup but not in the metastatic PDAC subgroup. The evidence to date does not support the routine use of metformin as an adjuvant therapy for advanced PDAC.
Pharmacological Strategies for High‐Output Ileostomies in Children: A Narrative Review
Authors: Awouters Marijke , Vanuytsel Tim , De Bruyne Pauline , van Hoeve Karen , Hoffman Ilse
Published: January 2025

Aim

Nutritional measures often suffice for managing high‐output ileostomy (HOI) in paediatric patients, but pharmacological treatment may be required to control ostomy output. This paper reviews the literature on the pharmacological management of paediatric HOI and provides recommendations.

Methods

PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant articles up to 22 May 2024. Relevant articles were reviewed and recommendations were formulated.

Results

No pharmacological studies involving paediatric ileostomy patients were identified, apart from two case reports on octreotide. The formulated recommendations are therefore based on data from adults or other intestinal failure conditions. The primary treatment suggestions are proton pump inhibitors and loperamide. Subcutaneous octreotide can be administered when complications persist. Codeine may be used in rare cases in children over 12 years old, but addiction risk and side effects limit its use. There is no or insufficient evidence for smectite, racecadotril, probiotics or prophylactic cycled antibiotics or clonidine. Bile acid sequestrants are not indicated in patients without a colon in continuity.

Conclusion

Pharmacological options for the treatment of HOI in children are limited and evidence for their use is lacking. Research in paediatric HOI patients is needed to validate the use of pharmacotherapy in this patient group.
Variable temocillin protein binding and pharmacokinetics in different clinical conditions: Implications for target attainment
Authors: Li Letao , Ngougni Pokem Perrin , Sassen Sebastiaan D. T. , Wittebole Xavier , Laterre Pierre François , Vervaeke Steven , Zeitlinger Markus , Van Bambeke Françoise , Muller Anouk E.
Published: January 2025

Aims

The beta‐lactam antibiotic temocillin is increasingly used to treat extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL‐producing) strains; however, its protein binding is complex. This study aims to predict unbound temocillin concentrations in various participant groups to determine its impact on the probability of target attainment (PTA) and to improve dosing recommendations.

Methods

The plasma pharmacokinetics were analysed using non‐linear mixed‐effects modelling. Data from individuals in four groups: healthy volunteers (HV), urinary tract infection patients (UTI), ventriculitis patients and sepsis‐ICU patients were included. Simulations were performed to compare the PTA for different dosing regimens and participant‐groups.

Results

A two‐compartment protein‐binding model best fitted the 1085 concentrations (543 unbound, 542 total). Temocillin clearance was influenced by creatinine clearance, serum albumin (ALB) and C‐reactive protein (CRP). For 2 g q8h intermittent infusion, the PTAs at an MIC of 16 mg/L were 2.3%, 39.5%, 10.0% and 72.5%, for HV, UTI, ventriculitis and sepsis‐ICU patients, respectively. The effects of the covariates on the PTA were simulated for two example patients with intermittent infusion: the PTAs at an MIC of 8 mg/L for a sepsis‐ICU patient (CRP 300 mg/L, albumin 15 g/L) and a mild‐UTI patient (CRP 30 mg/L, albumin 35 g/L) were 94.3% and 62.4%, respectively. Continuous infusion consistently outperformed intermittent infusion in achieving the desired pharmacodynamic target (time above MIC).

Conclusions

Our study underscores the significant variation in temocillin clearance and unbound fractions among different participant groups, challenging the efficacy of traditional 2 g q12h dosing. For patients with enhanced renal function and lower inflammation, continuous infusion emerges as a more effective strategy to achieve optimal target attainment.
Article Retraction in Otolaryngology Journals: A Thirty Year Analysis
Authors: Islam Albina S. , Mastoloni Elizabeth M. , Fenton John E. , Coelho Daniel H.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To gain insight into the integrity of research in Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS) literature through characterising retracted articles, analysing the reason for their retraction, and the trends in the collected data.

Methods

Pubmed, Embase, and Retraction Watch Database were queried for retracted articles published between the dates of 1/31/92 and 9/30/22. Articles with titles relating to OHNS subjects and published in OHNS journals, as determined by Scimago Journal and Country Ranking, were selected for further analysis. Variables recorded included journal name, journal impact factor, article type, article subspecialty subject, reason for retraction, whether re‐published, number of authors, time to retraction, and article citations.

Results

Based on title and article content, 245 articles related to the field of OHNS were identified, of which 68 were published in OHNS journals and analysed for reason of retraction. Of those, 16 (23.5%) were replaced due to erratum concerns (spelling, formatting, etc.) rather than content or data‐related issues and were excluded. Among the 52 (76.5%) permanent retractions the most common reasons for retraction include article duplication (n = 26), concerns/issues/errors with data (n = 7), and plagiarism (n = 5). The median time between publication and retraction was 2 years (range, 0–19). The median impact factor was 1.64 (range, 0.08–4.68). The median number of citations per article was 7 (range, 0–86).

Conclusion

Retractions continue to occur in the field of OHNS despite increasing education in ethical publication standards and safeguards. There are, however, improved time intervals to retraction indicating improved surveillance of published articles.
Systemic inequities in alcohol licensing: Case studies in eight Aotearoa New Zealand communities
Authors: Randerson Steve , Casswell Sally , Borell Belinda , Rychert Marta , Gordon Liz , Lin En‐Yi , Huckle Taisia , Graydon‐Guy Thomas
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Many countries, including Aotearoa New Zealand, have socioeconomic and ethnic inequities in alcohol outlet density, yet the potential contribution of alcohol licensing systems is almost unexplored. After licensing reforms in Aotearoa in 2012, community groups and Māori (the Indigenous people) continued to struggle to influence decisions, prompting calls for reform and authority for Māori reflecting Te Tiriti o Waitangi obligations. This study explored factors in the failure of public objections in under‐resourced neighbourhoods.

Methods

In a descriptive, multimethod qualitative study, we analysed eight decisions to grant off‐licence approvals in socioeconomically deprived areas. Each licence was opposed. Hearing participants and local residents were interviewed. Data were thematically analysed to identify factors affecting objector influence, alignment with Indigenous rights and residents' awareness of alcohol issues and licensing processes.

Results

Residents identified relevant local harms but were largely unaware of opportunities to object. Objectors faced structural barriers to accessing and influencing hearings that were exacerbated by resource challenges, including travel costs, lost income, competing social issues and limited legal representation. Evidence of area deprivation supported objectors' arguments regarding risk, but a lack of official data on harms undermined them. Māori input was excluded by legal barriers and failures to recognise relevant rights and elements of culture.

Discussion and Conclusions

Structural barriers, including racism, restricted the influence of under‐resourced communities and Māori in licensing decisions and weakened risk assessment, which may hinder community efforts to reduce their disproportionate exposure to alcohol outlets. Licensing systems should be reviewed from equity and Indigenous perspectives.
Cost‐utility analysis of a coadjutant telemedicine intervention for fall prevention in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cubo Esther , Rohani Mohammad , Eissazade Negin , Garcia‐Bustillo Álvaro , Ramírez‐Sanz José Miguel , Garrido‐Labrador José Luis , Olivares‐Gil Alicia , Valiñas‐Sieiro Rn Florita , Allende‐Río Rn Marta , Gonzalez‐Santos Josefa , Gonzalez‐Bernal Jerónimo Javier , Trejo José , Calvo‐Simal Sara , Diez‐Pastor José Francisco , García‐García David , Arnaiz‐González Álvar
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose

Adopting telemedicine (TM) enables improved access to specialized care and reduces barriers. The aim was to assess the cost‐utility of a coadjutant multidisciplinary TM programme for fall prevention compared to standard in‐office visits for individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

This was an 8‐month single‐blind randomized controlled trial. TM and control groups received in‐office visits and standard management care at baseline, 4 and 8 months. In addition, the TM group received remote multidisciplinary visits for 4 months. Gait, motor and non‐motor symptoms, daily living activities, balance and frailty were measured using PD‐recommended rating scales and wearable sensors. Clinical characteristics were compared at each visit using baseline scores, gender and age as covariates. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated at each visit.

Results

Fifty patients were included: 25 patients in the TM group (48% males, mean age 71.1 ± 9.0 years) and 25 patients in the control group (52% males, mean age 69.2 ± 9.4 years). Compared to controls, in the TM group similar QALYs were found but, in contrast, significant improvements in daily living activities, depression, apathy, freezing of gait, balance, quality of life and frailty (all p values <0.05). The use of coadjutant TM intervention in addition to in‐office visits was efficient for depression, apathy, freezing of gait, balance and frailty with ICERs, ranging from 91.55 € for non‐motor symptoms to 1677.4 € for frailty.

Conclusions

Telemedicine could be considered an efficient coadjutant intervention for PD, especially for non‐motor symptoms, enhancing health outcomes and accessibility.
Investment in By‐Product Benefits (Pseudo‐Reciprocity) Explains the Majority of Help Provided to Non‐Relatives Found in Nature
Authors: Connor Richard
Published: January 2025

Pseudo‐reciprocity, or investment in byproduct benefits, was introduced originally as an alternative explanation to many claims of reciprocity that followed the classic papers of Trivers and Axelrod and Hamilton. Although widely in use, the term pseudo‐reciprocity has had the unfortunate effect of keeping the concept of Investment in Byproduct Benefits (IBB) in the orbit of reciprocity (reciprocal investments). A recent example is the paper by Carter (2023) linking reciprocity and pseudo‐reciprocity in a continuum of ‘interdependency’ and ‘responsiveness’. As a heuristic exercise, I imagine an alternative history in which the phenomena of byproduct benefits (BB) and IBB were explored fully before the first paper on reciprocity appeared in the literature. This exercise makes clear that the simple concepts of BB and IBB, when joined with kin selection, would lead to a very reasonable description of most cases of cooperation in nature, including market effects, such as partner choice and control. Reciprocity would have claimed its rightful place as a fascinating concept, clearly important in humans and perhaps requiring specific cognitive abilities, that might emerge from the complex web of cooperation in social animals that included kin selection, BB, and IBB. In this context, continua between reciprocity and investment in byproduct benefits are useful. However, the scope for IBB is much broader than reciprocity. IBB, along with reciprocity and kin selection, is one of the key evolutionary mechanisms explaining the origin of helping behavior or ‘investment’ in others of the same and different species, occurring in many contexts where it is not usefully linked to reciprocity. Going forward, it will be helpful to remove IBB from the orbit of reciprocity by using of the term Investment in Byproduct Benefits (IBB) rather than pseudo‐reciprocity.
Return of a racehorse to racing after iatrogenic lipoid pneumonia
Authors: McCullagh S. , Dosi M. C. M. , Keen J. A. , Parkinson N. , Tay A. , McGorum B. C.
Published: January 2025

There is a paucity of literature describing equine lipoid pneumonia (LP) caused by inadvertent intrapulmonary administration of liquid paraffin (mineral oil). This case report improves our understanding of LP by describing; (1) the first reported return of a horse to racing after LP, (2) the likely benefits of prolonged dexamethasone administration, (3) the detailed short‐ and long‐term pulmonary and systemic responses to intrapulmonary liquid paraffin and (4) the prolonged pulmonary retention of liquid paraffin.
Clinical findings of candidate stallions presented for licensing at all German Warmblood horse‐breeding associations in 2018–2020
Authors: Folgmann Muriel Sarah , Stock Kathrin Friederike , Feige Karsten , Delling Uta
Published: January 2025

Background

There is very little information available about the health status of young stallions from the German Warmblood population that will, once licensed, shape the future of equestrian sport and horse breeding.

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence of clinical findings at licensing examinations of candidate stallions and the influences of season of birth, age at licensing, year of licensing, and the evaluator on the distribution of recorded findings.

Study design

Retrospective observational study.

Methods

Clinical records of 1655 candidate stallions presented for licensing in 2018–2020 were reviewed. Data were provided by all German Warmblood horse‐breeding associations and their official veterinarians. Storage and processing of the records was performed using the German equine health database. Generalised linear models were used to determine the influences of fixed effects (season of birth, age at licensing, year of licensing, evaluator) on main clinical findings. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Results

No remarks were documented on the clinical examination protocol in 777 of the 1655 horses (47.0%). Furthermore, 51.9% of those stallions with remarks had only one finding documented. The main abnormalities recorded were skin lesions, enlargements on the limbs, and testicular findings. The distributions of several clinical findings differed significantly between the evaluators.

Main limitations

Homogenous study population and retrospective data.

Conclusions

The clinical part of the licensing examination of German Warmblood candidate stallions presented in 2018–2020 rarely revealed abnormalities. The majority of the clinical findings which were recorded are considered to be of minor clinical relevance, implying an overall favourable clinical health status of the presented stallions.
Succinate receptor 1 signaling mutually depends on subcellular localization and cellular metabolism
Authors: Liebing Aenne‐Dorothea , Rabe Philipp , Krumbholz Petra , Zieschang Christian , Bischof Franziska , Schulz Angela , Billig Susan , Birkemeyer Claudia , Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai , Garcia‐Marcos Mikel , Kraft Robert , Stäubert Claudia
Published: January 2025

Succinate is a pivotal tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite but also specifically activates the Gi‐ and Gq‐coupled succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1). Contradictory roles of succinate and succinate‐SUCNR1 signaling include reports about its anti‐ or pro‐inflammatory effects. The link between cellular metabolism and localization‐dependent SUCNR1 signaling qualifies as a potential cause for the reported conflicts. To systematically address this connection, we used a diverse set of methods, including several bioluminescence resonance energy transfer‐based biosensors, dynamic mass redistribution measurements, second messenger and kinase phosphorylation assays, calcium imaging, and metabolic analyses. Different cellular metabolic states were mimicked using glucose (Glc) or glutamine (Gln) as available energy substrates to provoke differential endogenous succinate (SUC) production. We show that SUCNR1 signaling, localization, and metabolism are mutually dependent, with SUCNR1 showing distinct spatial and energy substrate‐dependent Gi and Gq protein activation. We found that Gln‐consumption associated with a higher rate of oxidative phosphorylation causes increased extracellular SUC concentrations, accompanied by a higher rate of SUCNR1 internalization, reduced miniGq protein recruitment to the plasma membrane, and lower Ca2+ signals. In Glc, under basal conditions, SUCNR1 causes stronger Gq than Gi protein activation, while the opposite is true upon stimulation with an agonist. In addition, SUCNR1 specifically interacts with miniG proteins in endosomal compartments. In THP‐1 cells, polarized to M2‐like macrophages, endogenous SUCNR1‐mediated Gi signaling stimulates glycolysis, while Gq signaling inhibits the glycolytic rate. Our results suggest that the metabolic context determines spatially dependent SUCNR1 signaling, which in turn modulates cellular energy homeostasis and mediates adaptations to changes in SUC concentrations.
Rethinking Museum Geographies: Towards Restitution and a Relational Ethics of Care in Legacies of Colonialism
Authors: Warren Saskia
Published: January 2025

This article identifies how a critical exploration of museums and restitution processes illuminates geographical thinking on relational ethics and care. In legacies of colonialism, critical approaches to museums and restorative action show a need to address colonial violence and dispossession from stolen cultural heritage. Restorative action reveals emergent, and more hopeful, practices of care across relational geographies. Research on relational ethics, Indigenous and postcolonial spatial approaches, and geographies of care expands frameworks of understanding in critical museum geographies. It advances that a relational ethics through restitution processes can foster translocal and transnational circuits of learning and exchange, in more care‐full museum geographies.
Planetary Futures: On Life in Critical Times
Authors: Verne Julia , Marquardt Nadine , Ouma Stefan
Published: January 2025

Based upon the opening keynote address at the German Congress of Geography held in Frankfurt am Main in 2023, this article traces the current debate on the planetary in the humanities, social sciences and Earth System Science in three parts. Instead of taking the concept of the planetary for granted, we explore the question of how it is reflected in our respective fields of research (cultural geography, social geography, and economic geography) and what potential it harbors for unearthing new insights. In particular, we consider the possibilities for a planetarily‐oriented cultural geography beyond anthropocentrism, a social geography of housing that focuses on the concept of planetary habitability, and an economic geography that centers the trans‐historical and trans‐geographical impact of plantation logics. From our point of view, the planetary is not simply an additional scale but rather a style of thought that increasingly characterizes our present. Since natural and social science approaches meet here in a new way, it seems particularly relevant to ask how we as geographers might allow ourselves to be intrigued and unsettled by the planetary.
Evaluation and Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Erbium YAG Laser Along With Normal Saline vs. Its Combination With Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) and Platelet‐Rich Plasma (PRP) in the Treatment of Striae Distensae: A Double‐Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Roohaninasab Masoumeh , Mahdi Zeinab , Zare Sona , Dehghani Abbas , Goodarzi Azadeh , Najar Nobari Niloufar , Zeinali Roya , Nouri Maryam , Ebrahimi Zahra , Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Behrangi Elham
Published: January 2025

Background

There is no definitive solution for the treatment of striae distensae (SD), and effectiveness of each treatment method remains controversial. We aimed to investigate and compare the efficacy of the combination of Erbium YAG (Er:YAG) laser and stromal vascular fraction (SVF), the combination of Er:YAG laser and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and Er:YAG laser plus saline in the treatment of SD.

Materials and Methods

In 12 participating patients with at least three lesions (36 lesions in total), each lesion was treated with an Er:YAG laser. SVF was randomly injected intradermally for the first lesion, PRP for the second lesion, and normal saline as placebo for the third lesion. Treatment duration was one session, and the safety and efficacy of the treatment was assessed 3 months later using the following items: evaluation of biometric parameters including corneometery, erythema, melanin, tewametery, color, cutometery, complete thickness, epidermal thickness, dermal thickness, complete density, epidermal density, and dermal density; assessment of patient and physician satisfaction using Likert score; and recording of adverse effects of treatment.

Results

The study involved 12 patients (evaluating 36 lesions in total), predominantly women (83%), with an average age of 39.16 years. The analysis revealed significant improvements in biometric indices, including complete thickness, epidermal thickness, dermal thickness, and R5 cutometer readings across all groups after the intervention. Notably, the SVF and PRP groups showed statistically significant enhancements in dermal and complete density compared to the placebo group. The SVF group demonstrated a significant increase in epidermal density (from 45.95 to 51.19, p = 0.001), unlike the PRP and placebo groups which showed nonsignificant changes. Comparing the average changes in biometric factors, the SVF group exhibited significantly greater increases in complete thickness, dermal thickness, complete density, epidermal density, and dermal density than the other groups. Both patient and physician satisfaction scores were highest in the SVF group (p = 0.001), with no significant posttreatment complications reported.

Conclusion

Our results showed that the combination of Er:YAG laser and SVF injection could be considered an effective and safe treatment method in the treatment of SD.

Trial Registration

IRCT20200127046282N14
Population Diversity and Economic Growth: A Meta‐Regression Analysis
Authors: Sintos Andreas
Published: January 2025

In this study, we apply meta‐regression techniques to 1537 estimates derived from 83 studies that investigate the effect of population diversity on economic growth. We find a subtle inclination toward publishing results that assert a negative correlation between diversity and economic growth, indicating a mild publication bias. However, the extent and direction of this bias vary according to the specific diversity dimension considered. After adjusting for both publication bias and the methodological quality of the underlying studies, our results indicate that while ethnic and linguistic diversity exhibit a small and statistically insignificant positive effect on economic growth, the remaining diversity dimensions—namely religious, genetic, birthplace, and other forms of diversity—exert a significant positive impact on growth, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large. Additionally, our findings reveal that the reported estimates are influenced by several factors, including the methodologies employed by researchers in measuring economic growth and diversity, the characteristics of the data and estimation techniques utilized, and the consideration of other growth‐related factors.