bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Algorithm to Extract the Contour of Region with Visual C++
Authors: Zheng Xian Ping , He Yang Ming , Liu Ya
Published: December 2013

Discuss extracting the contour of region with Visual C++. The first step is to clear burr of contour in threshed image, whose purpose is to prevent endless loop. The algorithm to extract the contour is put forward, and the detailed steps are given out, too. And the main program code in visual C++ is given out, too. This method is not only real-time, but also needs less memory. In this paper, detecting moving targets is used as example to prove this algorithm. At the end, experiment proves the good effect of the method.
Research on Threshold Segmentation Algorithms
Authors: Dong Yu Bing , Li Ming Jing , Sun Ying
Published: December 2013

Thresholding is one of the critical steps in pattern recognition and has a significant effect on the upcoming steps of image application, the important objectives of thresholding are as follows, and separating objects from background, decreasing the capacity of data consequently increases speed. Various threshold segmentation methods are studied. These methods are compared by using MATLAB7.0. The qualities of image segmentation are elaborated. The results show that iterative threshold segmentation method is better than others.
The Limitation of Free Float and Safety Float and the Introduction of Composite Free Float and Composite Safety Float in CPM Network
Authors: Qi Jian Xun , Kan Zhi Nan
Published: December 2013

This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the two free float definitions and two safety float in CPM network. For free float, Definition1 is put emphasis on without affecting the immediate succeeding activities; no matter the immediate succeeding activities are dummy activities or real ones, therefore the responding calculation method is simple and regularity. However, the definition1 may not meet the demand of optimization. While definition 2 can satisfy the demand of optimization, for it focus on without delaying the successor activities, except the successor dummy activities. But the calculate method of definition 2 is difficult. The situation is similar to safety float. This paper introduces the new concept of composite free float and composite safety float, absorbing the advantage of two definitions and conquering the disadvantages. So that the new concept not only easy to calculate but also convenient to apply in optimization.
Aeolian Vibration Analysis of Different Node Connectivity Steel Rods
Authors: Qin Li , Huang Yue , Zhang Pei Jie , Ding Hao Shu
Published: December 2013

ANSYS is applied to establish finite element model of steel rods with different slenderness ratio (50-250) and differernt node connectivity ([-shaped gusset plate, U-shaped gusset plate, cross-gusset and flange). Modal analysis is used to obtain the first-order natural frequency and VIV formula is used to obtain the first-order critical wind speed of steel rods. Contrasting the simulation value with the corresponding value given by the specification, the results show that there is a great difference between the first-order critical wind speed of most steel rods and the corresponding value given by the specification.
A Proposal to Leverage Improvements on Integrated Management Systems Applying Zachmans Corporative Architecture
Authors: Ibarra Luis Alberto Ccopa , Calarge Felipe Araujo
Published: December 2013

With the constant pressures from upcoming markets and legislations, systems management modeling become ever more crucial to leverage the survival of the companies and to improve the strategic vision of market and internal situation; however, theres no guidelines on best practices or on how to best evaluate your internal process. The proposal on this paper is the use of a methodology from the information technology, which consists on a complete mapping of needs and interfaces, to improve the mapping and modeling of the management system. A final proposal is shown according a preliminary study to illustrate the potential of its use.
Formulation and Research of Multi-Region Fire-Fighting and Rescue Operation Circle for Large Oil Strategic Reserves
Authors: Li Qing Gong , Chen Zhen , Zhang Miao , Song Wen Hua , Lv Ling Yue
Published: December 2013

The construction of fire-fighting and rescue loop is an important method of preventing fire and explosion rapidly and effectively through reasonable resource allocation and optimization which is based on the characteristic and status of multi-region fire-fighting and rescue and with major hazard installations as the core. In this paper, the construction mode of fire-fighting and rescue loop focus on one large oil strategic reserves is studied, the fire fighting and rescuing area on the base of the assessment of fire needs for major hazards is established and its extinguishing ability is evaluated. The establishment of this multi-region fire-fighting and rescue loop provides the method of scientific resources deployment and has guiding significance for fire protection cost and fire station layout has a certain reference value.
The Limitation of Free Float and the Introduction of Composite Free Float in CPM Network
Authors: Qi Jian Xun , Kan Zhi Nan
Published: December 2013

This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the two free float definitions in CPM network. Definition1 is put emphasis on without affecting the immediate succeeding activities; therefore the responding calculation method is simple and regularity. However, the definition1 may not meet the demand of resource leveling optimization. While definition 2 can satisfy the demand of optimization, for it focus on without delaying the successor activities, except the successor dummy activities. But the calculate method of definition 2 is difficult. This paper introduces the new concept of composite free float, absorbing the advantage of two definitions and conquering the disadvantages. So that the new concept not only easy to calculate but also convenient to apply in optimization, meanwhile, it will further be used in studying the generalized precedence network.
The Master Production Scheduling Model for Buyer and Vendor Based on Bargaining Game
Authors: Zhu Bao Lin , Ji Shou Feng
Published: December 2013

Master production scheduling plays an important role in planning levels. The scheduling without coordination will lead to an unsatisfied result. In this paper, the master production scheduling model based on bargaining game between buyer and vendor is established to realize integrated management. The improved solution of Nash equilibrium is achieved by the bargaining game. The simulation results verified the model and algorithms effectiveness.
Steelmaking-Hot Rolling Scheduling Model and Method for Integrated Management in Iron and Steel Enterprises
Authors: Zhu Bao Lin , Ji Shou Feng
Published: December 2013

Iron and steel production scheduling problems are different from general production scheduling in machine industry. They have to meet special demands of steel production process. The CCR production manner dramatically promotes the revolution in technology and management, especially to planning and scheduling. In this paper, a scheduling model is presented to integrate the three working procedures and the lagrangian relaxation technology is proposed to get the optimal solution of the scheduling model. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the integrated model and method.
Research on Supervision Current Situation and Countermeasures of Agricultural Modernization in China
Authors: Ma Wan Min , Ma Wan Zheng
Published: December 2013

Agricultural machinery production safety work is the work of national security, an important part of the production. Based on summarizing the research status of farm machinery safety supervision, this paper analysis the main problems of farm machinery safety supervision ,combining with the actual farm machinery safety supervision we propose improvement measures ,we focus on technology innovation to improve service farm machinery safety supervision level, to promote the cause of farm machinery safety supervision development, to improve agricultural production safety, We should be better for farmers to get rich, agricultural development and social harmony and stability in rural areas to provide security services.
Feasibility Analysis of Mechanized Upland Rice Cultivation in Mountainous Area
Authors: Ge Zhen Yang , Zheng Xu Ying , Min Yi Fei , Wu Wang Wang
Published: December 2013

Continuous seasonal drought in past 3 years greatly affects rice production of Yunnan, China. Because upland rice has stronger performance than paddy rice for mountain farming, to develop mechanized production of upland rice is more beneficial to ensure food security of mountainous area. In this study, we investigate and survey traditional upland rice cultivation of peasant household in mountainous rural area of Lancang county, and use Cobb-Douglas production function to analyze the relationship between mechanized and non-mechanized upland rice cultivation. The results show that mechanized upland rice cultivation not only can increase the yield, but also is superior to non-mechanized system in techno-economics. Rational utilizing farm machinery is feasible to upland rice cultivation and will promote the development of the rice production of Yunnan Province.
A New Structure for Low Speed Wind Turbine in Built-Up Areas
Authors: Ji Feng , Feng Xiao Jian , Wang Dong Liang
Published: December 2013

Traditional wind turbines are difficulty to work well in built-up areas due to wind conditions of low speed, turbulence and frequent changing direction. A long-term wind observation work has been done to understand the characteristics of urban wind by installing a small weather station on the balcony at top floor of a residential building. Based on the observation results, a new structure for low speed wind turbine in built-up areas was designed. This structure can be used for either horizontal axis wind turbine or vertical axis wind turbine. Some mesh models were established to simulate the effect through CFD software. In this structure, growth rate of wind velocity is about 1.25 times; wind turbulence converts to laminar; and yawing angel of turbine motor shafts neednt change any more. Prototype testing draws better conclusions: growth rate of wind velocity is more than 1.4 times. Therefore, traditional wind turbines can work well in built-up areas through this new structure.
Design of Linear Fresnel Lens for Concentrated Photovoltaic System
Authors: Song Je Heon , Yu Jin Hee , Lee Jun Ho , Jang Won Keon , Lee Dong Gil
Published: December 2013

This paper describes the design of a linear Fresnel concentrating lens for a medium concentration type solar concentrator and reports the results of a sensitivity analysis.
Analysis on Low-Carbon Comprehensive Benefit of Wind Power
Authors: Mi Zhao Feng , Fang Chen , Zhu Jun Jie , Yang Jian Lin
Published: December 2013

Considering economic effect and low-carbon effect the benefit formation mechanism of wind power was analyzed, and then through integrating the benefits from the two aspects by low-carbon economic elements a concept of low-carbon comprehensive benefit was proposed. Combining with construction cost of wind power , an analysis model of low-carbon comprehensive benefit from wind power was built.
Biomass Catalysis Pyrolysis for Furans Chemicals
Authors: Yang Chang Yan , Zhang Ting , Ding Yi Gang , Wang Chen Wen , Wu Yuan Xin
Published: December 2013

In an effort to direction convert biomass by means of pyrolysis for fine chemicals as a substitute fuel, some inorganic matters were chosen to investigate the possibility of improving the catalysis of biomass pyrolysis. Inorganic acids are catalysts to be found effective for giving high selectivity to furfural chemicals.
Estimation of Daily Global Solar Radiation with Measured Meteorological Data in Xining, China
Authors: Xie Hui , Liang Wei , Luo Jing Wen
Published: December 2013

Solar radiation is a very important and major variable in crop simulation models. However, it is measured at a very limited number of meteorological stations worldwide. In this study, with Xining station, China, as a case study, 9 models were calibrated and evaluated using the meteorological data from 1959 to 2000 for estimating daily global solar radiation. The best results were derived from models 1-4, which used sunshine hours as the predictor. Temperature-based models (models 7-9) provided less accurate results. Therefore, we proposed a strategy to select an optimal method for calculating daily global solar radiation: (1) when sunshine hour data are available, use models 1-4; (2) when only temperature data are available, use models 7-9; and (3) when any meteorological data are not available, use models 5 and 6. Although these models were based on the metrological data of Xining station, they could be applied to other regions with similar meteorological conditions in China after calibration.
Research on Designation and Control System of A-NPC Three-Level Battery Power Storage Converter
Authors: Yan Tao , Qu Zhan Zhan , Zhang Xue Long , Hui Dong , Liu Yun Jia , Jia Peng Fei , Shinichi Koba Yashi , Ye Zhi Xiang
Published: December 2013

The three-level converter based on A-NPC topology can improve waveform quality of the output voltage, decrease the switch voltage and reduce the loss of the inductor, thus it has broad application prospects in the electrical power storage domain. This paper built the semi-physical real-time simulation platform of A-NPC three-level battery power storage system by designing the control system and the main circuit of the A-NPC topology converter, and researched the control mechanism of the power storage converter control algorithm with digital simulation platform. The experimental results of the prototype machine show that the A-NPC three-level battery power storage system built in this paper was fine, compared with the most common two-level topology, three-level converter has characteristics of lower output current waveform distortion factor, lower current harmonics and higher efficiency. Three-level converter used in the power storage system is able to gain access to low THD during steady-state operation and fine dynamic characteristics.
Control Strategy of the Hybrid Energy Storage System for Leveling Off Fluctuating Power Output of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System
Authors: Wang Hai Bo , Yang Xiu , Liu Jun , Chen Jie
Published: December 2013

Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) including battery and super-capacitor can take advantages of both high energy density and high power density. In the stand-alone PV micro-grid, in which two buck/boost bidirectional converters are connected to the DC bus directly, a novel energy management scheme is proposed. After filtering the fluctuating power of the HESS, charge and discharge currents of the battery are controlled by hysteresis control method, the super-capacitor supplies the difference of the power. To leveling off the fluctuating power output of photovoltaic system and control the voltage of the DC bus, a new control strategy applied to the bidirectional converter of the super capacitor is put forward. The feed-forward loops of input voltage, load current and output voltage are introduced to improve the response speed and stability of the system. Results of the simulation show the effectiveness of the proposed energy management and control strategy.
Analysis of Energy-Saving and Pollutant Emission for Different Floor-Radiation Heating Control Modes
Authors: Jia Ze , Wang Fei , Wang Guo Wei
Published: December 2013

Due to the floor-radiation heating is widely applied in the northern city,export of various adjustment formula of floor heating and relatively more efficient way of adjustment is urgently needed.Various regulating mode of regulating formula derived by using heat balance equation,to calculate the water pump electricity consumption,and export of standard coal consumption and the emission of pollutants from coal combustion.Through the analysis that changing the flow mass at three stages with the mix water connection of the energy-saving effect is remarkable.
Numerical Simulation of Corrugated Depth on the Performance of Plate Heat Exchanger
Authors: Zhao Yu Han , Wu Yi Fan , Cheng Hai Jin , Zhu Guo Lei
Published: December 2013

In this paper the numerical simulation is performed by using the CFD soft FLUENT. A 3D geometric model is established and whose mesh is generated. The fields of the temperature, pressure and velocity in the computational domain are simulated. And the effect of the corrugation depth on the heat transfer and flow is analyzed.
A Comprehensive MPPT Algorithm of the Solar Batteries Energy-Saving Control System
Authors: Zhang Zeng , Jia Yong Tian , Xiao Lin , Yu Si Yu , Zhang Hang , Guo Han
Published: December 2013

The comprehensive MPPT algorithm, which is combined with three approaches including the constant voltage tracking method (CVT), the perturbation and observation method (P&O), and the incremental node-voltage conductance method (INC), aims to study how to improve the solar energy utilization of the solar battery energy-saving control system of field monitoring equipment. To obtain the parameters needed for numerical simulation, solar power meter is used to measure light intensity curve within 30 seconds in spring. Then we establish the photovoltaic array simulation model and get the power tracking curve. Comparing with the curves based on the comprehensive MPPT algorithm with the mainstream MPPT algorithms, its proven that the time consumption of tracking MPP is shorter and that the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is higher.
Co-Benefit Analysis on Fuel-Switching Project for District Heating
Authors: Ma Xiu Qin , Liu Hao Yang , Chu Lin Pei , Lin Hong
Published: December 2013

Various pollutants emitted by coal-fired boilers are one of the main culprits of fog and haze forming in recent years especially in the north of China. The paper analyzes the fuel-switching project for district heating and main pollutant reductions, emission reductions of atmospheric particulate matter are calculated by materials accounting method. The economic, environmental and social benefits are also calculated according to pollutant reductions. It is shown that clean energy can be used for district heating. The project provides the theoretical basis for coal fired to gas fired reforming for district heating in the north area and has a guiding role for the other areas of China.
Research on the Industrial Energy Use of Sustainable Development Test Zone in Beijing
Authors: Fu Meng , Zhang Yong Jie , Jiang Jian Yun , Ye Jian Dong , Zhang Fan
Published: December 2013

The research on the resource utilization, environmental protection and the sustainable development problem has already become an important subject. To analyze the industrial sustainable development of characteristics of high energy consumption in Beijing, Huairou and Shijingshan districts of sustainable development test zone is selected as the main object. Research on the typical industrial enterprises of test zone, the characteristic of energy use of high energy consumption industrial enterprises is analyzed. The result shows that the Huairou and Shijingshan districts take the same feature of high concentration of energy consumption. In addition, to make a further research on waste heat recovery and water recycling and other energy saving programs implemented by typical enterprises, the technical and economic analysis is also contained. Continue to thoroughly explore the potential to make a foundation for industrial energy work of sustainable development test zone in the "Twelfth Five-Year" period.
Investigation on the Simulation of Control Strategy for a SCR System
Authors: Xiao You Hong , Zheng Wei , Jin Yu Shan , Tian Xin Na
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the model of SCR after-treatment system is established by the software MATLAB and the control strategy for the system is studied also. Based on Eley-rideal mechanism, four major chemical reactions including the adsorption of ammonia, desorption of ammonia, selective catalytic reduction and oxidation of adsorbed ammonia are selected to study the SCR control strategy. Based on the energy conservation law, the equation calculating the temperature of the layered model is derived. Combined with the equations of chemical reaction process, a mathematical model of SCR catalytic converter is established. To achieve a high NOX reduction efficiency of SCR system, the reasonable and efficacious control strategies for the micro-element models of SCR catalytic is simulated, which including the feedback control strategy based on the feed-forward controller and the PID control strategy.
The Analysis of Current Implementation Mechanism of Green Power
Authors: Hai-Ni Qu , Xing-De Huang , Tang-Yun Xu , Peng-Chao Guo , Mei-Xia Zhang , Xiu Yang
Published: December 2013

Energy is the material foundation to promote social progress and of humans survival. A large number of energy consumption has brought serious environmental problems. After Global Climate Summit in Copenhagen, The attention to the green-house gas emissions of our country from the international community grows day by day. Developing green power is vigorously an important way to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. However, the cost of green power is so high compared with the traditional fossil energy that green power cannot be promoted only depending on market mechanism. So the mechanism that supports green power should be established.
Firstly the implementation of green power of foreign countries (mainly the United States and European Union countries) is analyzed, and its content includes implementation mechanism, the market main body and duties, policy, motivation, supervision, etc. Then the development of domestic green power is described in detail, and a comparative analysis is presented between foreign and domestic implementation of green power in various aspects.
Now in our country, the provinces developing green power better are Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Beijing and so on. There are enough green-power resources, potential users in these regions. And with the excitation of national policy, the regions develop green power actively, laying foundation of implementation of green-power mechanism. Shanghai is now the first city of our country that implements mechanism of green power. After the analysis of the present implementation of green power, the deficiency and areas in need of improvement are presented, combined with Shanghais present green-power implementation mechanism, as well as the original national green-power implementation mechanism. And some policy suggestion is put forward for the recent national green-power development in finance, taxation, incentive etc, which analyses and improves the designation of green-power implementation mechanism, including the payments balance and the research of incentive mechanism.
Enhanced Anticorrosion Properties of SnO2 Coatings in Simulated PEMFC Environments by Hydrothermal Treatment
Authors: Yun Hong , Zhang Zhi Guo , Xu Qun Jie , Tan Chen Ying
Published: December 2013

SnO2 coatings were supplied on the surface of 304 stainless steel (304SS) by a sol-gel process followed by hydrothermal treatments at different reaction temperature and time, respectively. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and time in pure water on the anticorrosion performances of the SnO2 films in simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) environments were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves, open circuit potential-time curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the SnO2 coated 304SS via the hydrothermal treatment showed a better corrosion resistance than the sample without hydrothermal treatment and bare 304SS. The SnO2 coated 304SS hydrothermally treated at 160°C for 3h showed the highest corrosion resistance among the samples. The results have been discussed in terms of surface structure of SnO2 film and its anticorrosion performance in simulated PEMFC environments.
Effects of Tube Space on the Thermal Performance of Water-in-Glass Evacuated Tube Solar Water Heaters
Authors: Yang Yu Qin , Tang Run Sheng
Published: December 2013

In the present specification of domestic solar water heating systems (GB/T19141), regardless of the type of collectors used in the systems, Q17, the daily heat gain corresponding to the daily radiation of 17MJ/m2 on the collector surface, is a key indication to rate the thermal performance of a domestic solar water heaters. In this work, an attempt was made to investigate effect of the distance between two adjacent tubes in solar tube collectors of a water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heater (ETSWH) on by theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. Results obtained by simulations and experimental test showed that the tube space had a significant effect on of the ETSWH, the shorter the tube distance, the higher the Q17, thus better the ETSWH performs. However, the actual situation is the case, the shorter the tube distance, the lower the real daily solar gain of the system, thus worse it performs. This implied that Q17 as the indication of thermal performance of the ETSWH is not reasonable, and specifying the tube distance in solar tube collectors of the ETSWH in the technical specification of GB/T19141 is advisable so as to eliminate effect of the tube distance on Q17.
Analysis on some Key Problems of High Power DCDC Converter for Fuel Cell Electrical Bus
Authors: Wang Dian Long , Zhang Zhi Yang , Liu Shu Qi
Published: December 2013

The significance of researching on fuel cell electrical vehicle (FCEV) DC/DC converter, FCEV driving system structure and requirement with DC/DC converter are introduced firstly. Some key problems of development in FCEV DC/DC converter are particularly analyzed, including of reliability, efficiency, static and dynamic characteristic, etc. The average efficiency of boost or buck circuit can reach more than 95%. The dynamic response time of DC/DC converter is below 160 ms. All kinds of DC/DC converters operate with zero error, and various technical indicators can satisfy the operating requirement. The converters are successfully used in china fuel cell city buses and technical indexes are fulfilled.
Preparation of SiO2 Antireflective Film by a Base/Acid Two-Step Catalyzed Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Li De Yi , Peng Kun , Zhou Ling Ping , Zhu Jia Jun
Published: December 2013

SiO2 antireflective films were prepared by two-step catalyzed sol-gel method with TEOS as the raw materials, acid and ammonia as catalyst. Effects of the ratio of acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed silica sols on the transmittance and stability of SiO2 film were investigated. The transmittance can be adjusted by change the ratio of base-catalyzed sols, and a higher transmittance can be obtained in the higher ratio of base-catalyzed coatings. A higher stability of SiO2 film in salt spray can be obtained in higher ratio of acid-catalyzed AR coatings. AR coatings with excellent transmittance and stability can be obtained by adjusting the ratio of acid/base catalyzed silica sols.
Preparation of High Voltage Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Material Using Polymer-Assisted Co-Precipitation Procedure
Authors: Wang Jian Jian , Shao Wei Quan , Chen Shaou , Wang Chao , Li Shan Dong , Li Hong Liang , Xu Jie , Wang Zhen
Published: December 2013

Cathode material LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was synthesized via oxalate co-precipitation process using LiCl,NiCl2·6H2O and MnCl2·4H2O as raw materials, oxalate as precipitant. The effects of calcining temperature and polymer-assisted during the synthetic process on the performance of the products were analyzed. When calcining at 700°C for 10h and with assistance of polyacrylic acid as dispersive, the synthesized product had cubic spinel structure, uniform particle size and the aggregations of particle was reduced.
Photocatalysis Reactivity in the Visible Light of B-Doped TiO2 Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Lin Xiao Xia , Liu Jia , Fu De Gang
Published: December 2013

B-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (B-TNTs) were synthesized by anodization method combined with dip-calcination technique. The physicochemical properties and surface morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS). Methyl blue (MB) solution was utilized as the degradation model to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of B-TNTs under visible light irradiation. The results show B-TNTs shifts the absorption edge of TiO2 nanotube arrays to the visible light region and B-TNTs displays higher photocatalytic activity compared with undoped TNTs.
The Development Trends of Renewable Energy at Home and Abroad and Material Problems
Authors: Zhang Min , Ge Hong Hua , Wang Xue Juan , Meng Xin Jing
Published: December 2013

This paper described the present energy situation at home and abroad, and the trends of the utilization of renewable energy such as solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and ocean energy, etc. The main problems that will occur in energy conversion and utilization were analyzed, and focused on the material problems during the utilization of renewable energy.
High Performance SiOC Composites as the Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries Synthesized by Ball Milling
Authors: Wang Jing , Shao Hui , Wu Feng , Chen Shi
Published: December 2013

To overcome the problem of volume change of SiO anode material, SiO/C composites are synthesized with different proportion of SiO and citric acid by ball milling and pyrolysis. The electrochemical performance and microstructure of the composites are investigated by XRDSEM and Land. The composite anode material shows a discharge capacity of 1768 mAh/g in the first cycle with the coulombic efficiency of 62%. After 50 cycles, the discharge capacity is about 540 mAh/g. The improved stability of the materials can be attributed to the carbon-coating formed during pyrolysis progress, which effectively buffer the volume expansion of SiO and improve the conductivity of the composites.
Optimizing Design of LEDs with Photonic Crystal and Planer Micro Cavity for High Extraction Efficiency
Authors: Shen Xiao Xia , Ren Ya Zhou , Dong Guo Yan
Published: December 2013

LED structures with the introducing of surface PC and planer micro cavity was described to improve the light extraction efficiency of LEDs. The distributions of guided modes propagated in LED were analyzed, and the modal extraction lengths were determined using high-resolution angle-resolved measurements in order to research the interaction of each guided mode with PCs. The impact of structure parameters design on modal extraction length was learned. Result shows that PC extraction will not interfere with micro cavity effects, and can be used together to enhance LEE.
Study on Al2O3 Coated Carbon Sulfur Composite Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Liang Xing Hua , Ye Chao Chao , Liu Yu Si , Liu Tian Jiao , Shi Lin
Published: December 2013

Coated Al2O3 thin film on the surface of the carbon sulfur composite material by liquid phase impregnation method, then made physical and chemical properties and electrochemical performance analysis on the coated carbon sulfur composite materials.Al2O3 reduce the direct contact of the carbon sulfur composite materials and electrolyte, reducing the erosion of electrolyte on cathode materials, improve the cycle performance of carbon sulfur composite material. 0.1C in the 2.1~3.2v cycle 20 to 100 times. The capacity retention rate increased from 70% to 90% after coating.
Analysis on Fracture Morphology and Microstructure of T92 Steel after High Temperature Multiaxial Creep
Authors: Mao Xue Ping , Wang Xiao , Huang Sai Dong , Li Chao , Xu Hong , Ni Yong Zhong
Published: December 2013

The high temperature creep tests of standard specimen and double U-type notch specimen of T92 steel were carried out under different stresses at 650 °C. Then optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the fracture morphology and microstructure. The results show that the multiaxial stress state leads to the creep fracture cracking initiation in notch. Under multiaxial stress state, the failure mode of T92 steel is transgranular and dimple plastic fracture, and is more obvious with the increase of creep life. Compared with under uniaxial stress state, the precipitates under multiaxial stress state are larger in size and quantity, and are much coarser.
Research on Creep-Fatigue Life Prediction for P92 Steel under Stress-Controlled State
Authors: Wang De Xian , Ji Dong Mei , Ren Jian Xing
Published: December 2013

Taking the P92 steel as the object,Creep-Fatigue (CF) tests of P92 steel at 873K under stress-controlled were carried out with GWT2504 equipment to investigate the CF life prediction. The life prediction model based on Applied Mechanical Work Density (AMWD) was developed in this study,and introduce the effective coefficient ƞ to modify the former. To verify the prediction capability of the AMWD-based and the modified model, comparisons of the models predicted lives with the experimental data of CF tests on P92 steel at 873K were made, it is found out that the AMWD-based model predictions for CF are in agreement with the experimental lives with the factors of 0.9013 and 1.0600, which verifies the model has a good predictability, and the Modified model with the factors of 0.9558 and 1.0469.
Experiment Research on Power Molding and Destructive Distillation of Yaojie Oil Shale
Authors: Wang Guan Yu , Ma Ming Jie , Xiong Yao , Huang Shan Xiu , Cai Guang Yi , Guo Wei Jie
Published: December 2013

Though the power molding of Yaojie oil shale, the optimum binder and proportion are confirmed. Hot strength,cold strength and oil yield of oil shale ball produced by power molding are measured. The results show that: Ⅰ , Ⅱ are suitable binders for power molding, besides, the hot strength and cold strength of oil shale ball produced by Ⅰ and Ⅱ are higher than 200N and 400N respectively. It can be found that from SEM, binders filling between particles of oil shale become gel or crystal after mixing with water. All that gel or crystal make particles connected closely and form net structure. The reason of low oil yield may be that the larger diameter of oil shale ball hinder the escaping of shale gas, and during escaping, shale gas is pyrolyzed because of long heating time, in addition, binders may absorb some shale gas.
Research on Carbon Sequestration and Exchange with Atmosphere of Representative Reed Ecosystem in Wetland
Authors: Liu Hai , Yang Shu Yun , Zhang Qing Guo , Ding Jian Long , Wang Feng Wen
Published: December 2013

The biomass, carbon sequestration ability and surface characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions of the reed ecosystem were studied in this paper. This reed ecosystem locates in the western beach of Chongming Island which is situated in Yangtze River Estuary. The research target of reed covers about 300 hm2. The biomass was measured by harvest method and the greenhouse gas emission rates were detected by static boxes-gas chromatography. The results showed that the scope of reeds biomass is between 9.10-21.11 kg·m-2, and the average value is 16.85 kg·m-2. The carbon sequestration range between in 4.04-9.38 kg·m-2, and the average is 7.48 kg·m-2. The total carbon sequestration of this reed ecosystem is about 9810 t·a-1, and the net total carbon sequestration is about 8091.58 t·a-1. These results indicated that reed ecosystem of wetland in mid-latitude has strong carbon sequestration ability, and net of carbon appears in the growing season.
Isolation and Characteristics of Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Denitrification Bacterium, Bacillus cereus X7 at High Salinity
Authors: Yao Ru Lei , Qiu Li Na , Zhang Wei Wei , Gong Ai Jun , Wang Zi Yu , Cai Hang
Published: December 2013

Biological nitrogen removal has been focused on in wastewater treatment field recently. A strain X7 was isolated from the sediment of pickle foodstuff wastewater. Based on its 16S rDNA sequence analysis, X7 was identified as Bacillus cereus. At NaCl concentration of 20 g/L, NH4+-N removal rate achieved 99.18%, when NO2--N and NO3--N removal rates were 77.24% and 68.6%, respectively. When NaCl concentration ranged from 0 to 40 g/L, the removal rate of NH4+-N was more than 97.59%. Therefore, due to the high nitrogen removal rate and excellent salt tolerance, Bacillus cereus X7 had a broad application prospect in the biodenitrification of brine wastewater.
Research on Spilled Oil Alarming and Tracking Buoy System
Authors: Bao Jin Ling , Yu Yuan
Published: December 2013

The spilled oil alarming and tracking buoy system includes monitoring software and hardware, oil spillage sensor, and spilled oil alarming and tracking buoys. To buoy terminal directly after water, GPS positioning signal, and micro will be parsed real-time location information (position, speed, time, etc.) through wireless communication system (satellite networks or GSM network) to monitor the platform. Monitoring software can in electronic chart intuitive to display buoy, send the real-time controlled buoy updating, and change the transmission time interval.
Research of Advanced Oxidation Treatment of Organic Wastewater
Authors: Li Bing Bing , Qu Cheng Tun , Li Yan , Qiu Xiao Cui , Xue Jin Li
Published: December 2013

This article describes four kinds of oxidation technology in organic wastewater treatment methods and techniques applied in treatment of organic wastewater by scope and advantages and disadvantages.
Key word
organic wastewater oxidation technology treatment methods
A Study on Exhaust Gas Emission Control Technology of Marine Diesel Engine
Authors: Zhou Song , Liu Yan , Zhou Jin Xi
Published: December 2013

This paper introduces the impact on the marine environment caused by marine diesel engine exhaust pollution and the regulations made by IMO to control the marine diesel engine emissions. And it summarizes the main technical measures to reduce SOx, NOx and particulate matter emissions from the marine diesel. It also points that the combination application of various technologies will be the research direction to reduce the emission of marine diesel engine in the future.
Study on the Economic Growth and Industrial Waste Water Based on the VAR Model
Authors: Sun Qing , Deng Jian Gao
Published: December 2013

Based on the VAR model, the long term dynamic relation between economic growth and industrial waste water is analyzed by using co-integration analysis and granger causality test, generalized impulse response function and variance decomposition method in Nanjing, and the related data of industrial waste and GDP indices from 1982 to 2011. The empirical results show that between economic growth and industrial waste water pollutant discharge has a two-way mechanism, but industrial waste water pollutants on the reaction mechanism of economic growth is weak, and there is a certain lag. This conclusion can provide a great reference value for promoting sustainable economic development and formulating relevant environmental policy for Nanjing.
Component Loss Analysis of HTPB Propellant after High Pressure Waterjet Clearing
Authors: Zhu Zuo Ming , Gao Xin , Yu Ai , Wang Xuan Jun , Han Qi Long , Cui Hu
Published: December 2013

The content of AP and Al in waste propellant and waste water produced by high pressure waterjet clearing HTPB propellant were determined according to some relative standard methods. The results show that the content of AP in the waste propellant with diameter less than 3mm drops from 69.5% to 35.28%, while the loss of Al and adhesives is slight; in the waste propellant with diameter larger than 3mm, the component content is close to normal charge with the increase in radial depth; the content of AP and Al in the waste water are 8368mg/L and 0.157mg/L respectively. Based on above results, the proper treatments of the wastes were chosen: the waste propellant can be used as auxiliary fuel for boilers after leaching AP out with the waste water; the waste water should be treated with biological methods to remove ammonia nitrogen and perchlorate in it.
Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetic Study of Waste Printed Circuit Board in Various Atmospheres
Authors: Hong Li , Wang Bo , Zhou Qiu Ping
Published: December 2013

TG analysis was used to investigate the thermal decomposition of waste printed circuit board (WPCBs) under pyrolysis (in N2), gasification (in CO2) and combustion (in Air) conditions. The experiments were performed at different heating rates (10, 20 and 30 K/min) up to 1233 K. Kissinger method was applied to obtain the kinetic parameters from the experimental data. The results show that the heating rate affects the TG and DTG curves due to the heat transfer limitation. The DTG curve of pyrolysis has only a single peak while that of both gasification and combustion process has two peaks. The activation energy of the first gasification stage is near to that of the pyrolysis process, while the activation energy of the first combustion stage is lower than that of pyrolysis or gasification process. And the activation energy for the second stage of gasification and combustion is much higher than that of the first stage.
Transfer Characteristics of Heavy Metal Pb in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration
Authors: Wu Zhen Fen , Su You Yong , Zhao Yi Qun
Published: December 2013

The chloride, oxide and metallic species of heavy metal Pb were taken as the research objects in this paper, the effect of incineration temperature, incineration time, HCl gas and moisture on the volatilization of heavy metal Pb was discussed. The results indicate that the volatilization rates of chlorides, oxides and metallic species of heavy metal Pb increase with temperature increasing, the total volatilization rates are in the order of Pb£34PbCl2£34PbO. The effect of time on the volatilization rate of heavy metal Pb is notable before 50 minutes, and the effect of time on Pb is greater than PbCl2 and PbO. The volatilization rates of heavy metal Pb show tendency to rise with increasing HCl, the increasing degree is in the order of PbCl2£34PbO£34Pb. The volatilization rate of PbCl2 increases by an increase in HCl concentration, but if the time is enough (more than 80 minutes), then there is no effect of HCl concentration on PbCl2. The presence of moisture depresses the volatilization rates of chloride, oxide and metallic species of heavy metal Pb, the depressing degree is in the order of PbCl2£34Pb£34PbO.
Numerical Calculation of Insulating Layer Thickness of Rural Water Supply Pipe in Permafrost Regions
Authors: Bai Li , Wang Yan
Published: December 2013

In permafrost regions of China, the rural water treatment devices have problem in safe and reliable operation, especially in winter. The phenomenon of rural water supply pipes frost heave often happens and does great harm to water supply system’s reliable operation .Thus, the research of anti-freezing technologies are necessary for regular production and lives of peasants .In order to solve the problem, this article introduce the anti-freezing technology of straight-buried pipe with insulating layer. Through theoretical analysis and calculation, the insulating layer thickness can be determined.
Experimental Investigation on Ozone Mass Transfer Coefficient Enhanced by Electric Field in Liquid Phase
Authors: Li Yang Lin
Published: December 2013

In order to improve the efficiency of ozone mass transfer in liquid phase, the method enhanced by electric field was put forward. The effect on ozone mass transfer was investigated from voltage, electrode spacing and gas flow rate. The result showed that ozone concentration in water and the total mass transfer coefficient increased correspondingly with the increase of the voltage, and ozone concentration in water and the total mass transfer coefficient increased correspondingly with increase of the electrode spacing in the range from 1 to 3 cm, and ozone concentration in water increased correspondingly with increase of the gas flow rate, but the total mass transfer coefficient reduced correspondingly.
Organic Complex Chelators for Stabilization of Heavy Metals in Fly Ash
Authors: Wang Jin Bo , Qin Rui Xiang
Published: December 2013

The organic complex chelators (OCC) were synthesized and applied to stabilization of heavy metals in fly ash according to the municipal solid waste landfill pollution control standard. The influences of different chelators, amount of chelator, pH value of leaching, solidification time were investigated and optimized. Comparing to the traditional inorganic chelator, this OCC has more powerful performance of stabilization. Under the optimized conditions, the leaching concentrations for typical heavy metals Pb and Cd were less than 0.19 and 0.11 mg/L, respectively, which could meet the demand of landfill. The organic complex chelators could react with heavy metals to form stable complexes, which would be embedded in fly ash particles and have the strong ability to prohibit leaching from acidic environment.
Relation between Land Subsidence and Deep Groundwater Exploitation in Cangzhou City
Authors: Zhu Ju Yan , Guo Hai Peng
Published: December 2013

Due to long-term excessive exploitation of groundwater, serious land subsidence has been caused in Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China. With GIS spatial analysis method, this paper conducted an analysis of the quantitative relationship between deep groundwater exploitation and the land subsidence in this area. This quantitative relation was analyzed by using data of both long-term and short-term time series. The long-term time series analysis indicates that the land subsidence volume accounts for 57.6% of the amount of deep groundwater exploitation, indirectly showing the proportion of released water from compressibility of the aquifers and the aquitards in deep groundwater exploitation. Some factors such as hysteresis effects of subsidence may be ignored in the short-term time series analysis, thus the calculated ratio becomes significantly large. From perspective of water resources evaluation, the long-term time series analysis is better to analyze the relation between land subsidence and deep groundwater exploitation.
Continuous Biohydrogen Production with CSTR Reactor under High Organic Loading Rate Condition
Authors: Qin Zhi , Qin Qing , Yang Ying
Published: December 2013

A continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) was used to produce biohydrogen gas from organic wastewater. The hydrogen producing reactor was operated under high organic loading rate of 21 kgCOD/m3·d, and molasses wastewater was used as substrate. Hydrogen production rate, pH value, sugar utilizing rate and fermentative products in effluent were investigated in continuous fermentation. When Organic Loading Rate was controlled at 21 kgCOD/m3·d, the average concentrations of acetic acid, ethanol, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in liquid fermentative products were 833, 748, 482, 484 and 256mg/L respectively. There is not any fermentation product playing dominant role absolutely in hydrogen production fermentation. The pH value in effluent was about 4.7~4.9, the average utilizing rate of sugar reached 92.1%, most of the sugar in molasses wastewater was utilized. The biogas production rate in hydrogen producing fermentation was from 21.2 to 27.1L/d, and the average biogas production rate was about 25.1L/d. The hydrogen content was about 37%.
Numerical Verification of the Solutions for Groundwater Flow in a Coastal Extensive Land Mass
Authors: Guo Hai Peng
Published: December 2013

This paper reviews the analytical solutions for the impact of land reclamation on the ground water level and the saltwater interface with unconfined groundwater conditions in coastal aquifers. The applicability of the analytical solutions is somewhat limited by assumptions such as Dupuit-type flow and the Ghyben-Herzberg relation. Variable-density flow and solute transport simulations conducted by the numerical code FEFLOW were used to evaluate the accuracy of these analytical solutions. Three field-scale hypothetical cases were simulated for the numerical verification. The results show that a seepage face occurs in the numerical results rather than in the analytical solutions, but only minor difference occurs between the numerical and analytical solutions. This implies that the analytical solutions are reasonable despite the used assumptions.