bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Containing Heterocyclic Scaffolds Assisted by Ionic Liquids: A 2022 Literature Survey
Authors: Dhameliya Tejas M. , Raghani Neha R. , Desai Meet S. , Chudasma Shraddhaba J. , Virani Kumkum D.
Published: October 2023

Heterocycles have gained recognition as vital components in approved drugs, drawing substantial attention from the scientific community. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been utilized for their transformative roles in heterocycle synthesis, showcasing distinctive properties that are pivotal in diverse chemical transformations, while also acting as effective catalysts and offering safer alternatives to volatile organic solvents. This account delves into the synthesis of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic structures, employing various ILs such as ammonium, cholinium, DABCO-based, DBU-based, guanidinium-based, imidazolium, phosphonium, pyridinium, and other miscellaneous examples. They have proven indispensable in facilitating reactions like the Fischer indole synthesis, the Biginelli reaction, Knoevenagel condensations and many more. Notably, the recyclability of ILs serves as a valuable asset, aiding in the completion of intricate synthetic pathways, multicomponent reactions, and one-pot syntheses, ultimately enhancing yields. This account, covering the literature published in 2022, seeks to guide researchers in selecting suitable ILs for specific chemical reactions that enable the synthesis of aza- and/or oxa-heterocycles. The described advancements represent promising prospects for drug development and other applications within the domain of heterocyclic chemistry.
Bisturi ósseo ultrassônico versus técnica convencional para descompressão espinhal torácica: Um teste controlado randomizado prospectivo
Authors: Rittipoldech Chok-anan , Limsomwong Pawat , Thamrongskulsiri Napatpong
Published: October 2023

Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo é comparar perda de sangue intraoperatória, tempo de operação, tempo de laminectomia, tempo de internação hospitalar e complicações na descompressão espinhal torácica utilizando bisturis ósseos ultrassônicos (BOUs) em relação aos procedimentos convencionais.

Métodos Quarenta e dois pacientes submetidos a laminectomia descompressiva e fusão pedicular do parafuso com um nível cirúrgico de 1 a 5, entre 1° de fevereiro de 2020 e 30 de junho de 2022 em uma única instituição, foram avaliados para elegibilidade e 11 foram excluídos devido ao histórico de cirurgia espinhal (n = 3), tumor espinhal (n = 3) e infecção espinhal (n = 5). Perda de sangue intraoperatória, tempo de operação, tempo de laminectomia, tempo de internação e complicações foram registradas.

Resultados A perda de sangue intraoperatória e o tempo de laminectomia foram significativamente menores no grupo BOU (656,0 ± 167,6 ml, 54,5 ± 27,4 min, respectivamente) do que no grupo convencional (936,9 ± 413,2 ml, 73,4 ± 28,1 min, respectivamente). O tempo de funcionamento total, o tempo de internação e as complicações foram todos semelhantes entre os grupos.

Conclusão O bisturi ósseo ultrassônico é um instrumento útil para procedimentos realizados próximos à dura-máter ou outro tecido neural sem calor excessivo ou lesão mecânica. Este dispositivo é recomendado para várias cirurgias de coluna vertebral, juntamente com rebarbas de alta velocidade e pinça Kerrison.
Impacto econômico e profissional da pandemia de COVID-19 e prevalência de depressão e ansiedade nos cirurgiões de ombro e cotovelo do Brasil
Authors: Silva Marcos André Mendes da , Trettim Jéssica Puchalski
Published: October 2023

Objetivo Avaliar o impacto econômico e profissional (incluindo ensino e treinamento) durante a pandemia de covid-19, bem como a prevalência de episódio depressivo maior e de transtorno de ansiedade generalizada, nos cirurgiões de ombro e cotovelo do Brasil.

Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com os cirurgiões membros titulares da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia de Ombro e Cotovelo (SBCOC). A amostragem foi não probabilística por conveniência. As informações foram obtidas por meio de questionário online autoaplicado, através de divulgação pelo e-mail cadastrado dos membros da SBCOC, utilizando questões estruturadas e os instrumentos Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) e Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) para rastreio de episódio depressivo maior e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada, respectivamente.

Resultados Foram avaliados 119 participantes. O comprometimento no ensino foi afirmado por 87,7% dos cirurgiões, houve redução acima de 50% do volume cirúrgico para cerca de 4 em cada 10 cirurgiões e redução da renda acima de 50% para cerca de 17,3%, sendo que 55,5% dos profissionais não apresentavam estabilidade profissional. O episódio depressivo maior apresentou uma prevalência de 26,7% na amostra, e o transtorno de ansiedade generalizada foi apresentado por 20% dos cirurgiões.

Conclusão A combinação do impacto negativo sobre fatores profissionais e financeiros pode ter afetado os cirurgiões de ombro e cotovelo do Brasil, gerando elevados índices de ansiedade e depressão.
Artrodese total do punho: Um teste pré-operatório para prever resultados funcionais
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno Adona , Zillig Yuri Souza , Rezende Luis Guilherme Rosifini Alves , Shimaoka Filipe Jun , Mandarano-Filho Luiz Garcia , Mazzer Nilton
Published: October 2023

Objetivo O estudo tem como objetivo demonstrar um método de avaliação para predizer o sucesso funcional da artrodese total do punho (ATP) e auxiliar na sua indicação.

Métodos Um estudo prospectivo incluindo dez pacientes submetidos a ATP por artrite pós-traumática. Os critérios de exclusão foram pacientes que perderam o acompanhamento pós-operatório ou informações incompletas no prontuário. A avaliação funcional objetiva (força de preensão manual, pinça de três pontos, pinça lateral e pinça polpa-a-polpa) e a avaliação funcional subjetiva (DASH, PRWE, EVA) foram avaliadas em 3 momentos diferentes: (1) Antes da cirurgia sem anestesia articular, (2) Antes da cirurgia sob anestesia articular e (3) 12 semanas após o procedimento cirúrgico.

Resultados Houve aumento da força de preensão palmar nas três medidas de pinça após o alívio da dor, tanto após a anestesia articular quanto após a consolidação da artrodese (p < 0,05). Nas comparações entre as avaliações subjetivas (DASH, PRWE e VAS), os pacientes tiveram melhores escores na avaliação pós-operatória após 12 semanas (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença estatística ao comparar os valores médios de força encontrados após a anestesia e após 12 semanas de ATP.
Lesões agudas do tendão distal do bíceps: Diagnóstico e tratamento
Authors: Ribas Luiz Henrique Boraschi Vieira , Schor Breno , Filho Geraldo da Rocha Motta , Belangero Paulo Santoro
Published: October 2023

As lesões agudas do tendão distal do bíceps se apresentam, clinicamente, com uma dor súbita associada a perda aguda de força de flexão e supinação. Seu principal mecanismo de lesão ocorre durante contração excêntrica do bíceps. O “Hook Test” é o principal teste semiológico, sendo o mais sensível e específico. A ressonância magnética, exame padrão ouro para o diagnóstico, pode fornecer informações sobre a integridade, identificando as lesões parciais e/ou completas. O tratamento cirúrgico pode ser realizado por duas vias principais: anterior e por dupla via porém as técnicas de reinserção tendínea são diversas não havendo evidência clínica que recomende um método de fixação em detrimento ao outro; embora o botão cortical apresente maior resistência a falha nos estudos biomecânicos. Com o tratamento cirúrgico o retorno as atividades laborais foi de 89% em 14 semanas (média) porém ao esporte de alto rendimento o prazo foi longo, média de 1 ano, e não duradouro.
Cirurgia de Bristow-Latarjet: Um panorama atual do Brasil
Authors: Araujo Bruno Vierno de , Lara Paulo Henrique Schmidt , Pochini Alberto de Castro , Ejnisman Benno , Figueiredo Eduardo Antônio de , Belangero Paulo Santoro
Published: October 2023

Objetivo Traçar um panorama atual da cirurgia de Bristow-Latarjet no Brasil.

Materiais e Métodos Estudo transversal no qual um questionário eletrônico com 26 perguntas sobre aspectos de formação, técnica cirúrgica, complicações e manejo pós-cirúrgico foi enviado a membros ativos da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia do Ombro e Cotovelo (SBCOC).

Resultados Entre 20 de abril e 12 de maio de 2021, o questionário foi enviado a 845 especialistas, e obteve-se 310 respostas completas. Durante a especialização, a maior parte dos especialistas participou de até dez procedimentos de Bristow-Latarjet. A complicação mais frequente foi a fratura do enxerto, e a dificuldade técnica, o posicionamento dos parafusos. Ao todo, 50,6% já tiveram complicações no intraoperatório; 73,9% já tiveram complicações no pós-operatório; 57,1% fazem a sutura do subescapular; 99,7% indicam a imobilização no pós-operatório; e 61,9% consideram a consolidação do enxerto fundamental.

Conclusão A maior parte dos especialistas participou de até dez procedimentos de Bristow-Latarjet durante a especialização, mas 13,5% se formaram sem ter participado de nenhuma cirurgia. A complicação mais frequente foi a fratura do enxerto. A dificuldade técnica mais frequente foi o posicionamento dos parafusos. Imobilização no pós-operatório é a preferência da maioria dos participantes, que consideram fundamental a consolidação do enxerto para o retorno ao esporte. O maior número de complicações ocorreu com especialistas que obtiveram o título de 11 a 15 anos atrás. A região Sudeste é a maior formadora de especialistas e onde está concentrada a maior parte deles.
Acupuntura no tratamento de uma série de pacientes com dor crônica associado à osteoartrite de quadril
Authors: Astini Rafael , Riberto Marcelo
Published: October 2023

Objetivo A osteoartrite (OA) de quadril causa dor e perda da funcionalidade. O tratamento cirúrgico é a procedimento de escolha nos casos graves, mas as comorbidades clínicas, a idade e a longa lista de espera podem comprometer a qualidade de vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever os resultados da acupuntura no controle da dor e melhora da funcionalidade em indivíduos com OA de quadril.

Método Doze pacientes com OA de quadril grave foram tratados com dez sessões semanais de um protocolo padronizado de pontos de acupuntura. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada pela Escala Visual Analógica de Dor (EVA) e a qualidade de vida pelo Índice WOMAC.

Resultados A intensidade da dor (EVA) reduziu de 75,8 ± 18,8mm para 20,0 ± 22,6mm após 10 sessões de acupuntura e 48,3 ± 26,6mm no período de seguimento (ANOVA F = 7,99; p < 0,001). Os valores do Índice WOMAC reduziram de 74,7 ± 12,7 para 45,7 ± 22,1 e 54,6 ± 22,9 nos mesmos momentos.

Conclusão A acupuntura é uma estratégia de reabilitação conservadora eficaz para reduzir a dor e melhorar a qualidade de vida em indivíduos com OA de quadril grave.
Direct democracy and equality: context is the key
Authors: Geißel Brigitte , Krämling Anna , Paulus Lars
Published: October 2023

Direct democratic instruments are increasingly applied in many European countries. They are subject to an ongoing public—and often highly controversial—debate. The question of how direct democracy relates to equality, i.e. if direct democratic instruments have the potential to foster equality or if they lead to more inequality, is crucial in this debate. Research has struggled to come up with a general answer to this question with scholars assuming equality as well as inequality-promoting effects of direct democratic outputs. In this paper, we try to shed new light on this controversial debate and argue that the impact of direct democracy on equality essentially depends on the social and political context in which the decisions take place. In order to examine the impact of context factors on direct democratic outputs, we first analyze the influence of country-specific variables such as the level of equality and the age of democracy—applying large-N multilevel logistic regressions. Yet, these statistical analyses offer no clear results: the effects of the country-specific variables are rather blurry and hard to make meaning of. The result suggests that other factors than the ones we included in the regressions are decisive for the effect of direct democratic instruments on equality. Therefore, in a second step, we demonstrate how country-and case-specific variables such as social and political characteristics impact the outcomes of direct democracy, using the same-sex marriage referendums in Ireland and Slovenia in 2015 as examples. We conclude that context factors are too complex to be grasped in a large-N, statistical analysis. This means that to understand how context influences the effects of direct democratic instruments on equality, for now, one has to go beyond the lens of statistical analysis and look at the respective cases in great depth and detail.
Real-time thermoacoustic imaging for breast tumor biomarker biopsy navigation basing on a semi-ring ultrasonic transducer
Authors: Huang Guojia , Li Yujie , Ren Minyang , Zhang Huimin , Qin Huan
Published: October 2023

Biopsy is an important means to obtain pathological tissue samples. The traditional imaging technologies have played a great role in clinical biopsy, but they still face some insurmountable problems. Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique for visualizing biological tissue structures and functions due to its high resolution, deep imaging depth, and minimal biohazard, which shows great potential for biomarker biopsy navigation. Here, we reported a real-time microwave-pumped thermoacoustic imaging technique for breast tumor intervention biopsy guidance by a fast scanning semi-ring ultrasonic transducer with 128 elements. The system can achieve an imaging speed of about 25 frames per second, and spatial resolution was about 870 μm. The proposed system possesses obvious advantages, such as fast imaging and high resolution, that make it a promising option for breast tumor biomarker biopsy navigation.
Possible zero-magnetic field fractional quantization in In0.75Ga0.25As heterostructures
Authors: Liu L. , Gul Y. , Holmes S. N. , Chen C. , Farrer I. , Ritchie D. A. , Pepper M.
Published: October 2023

In this Letter, we report a systematic study of a structure found in zero magnetic field at or near 0.2 ×(e2/h) in In0.75Ga0.25As heterostructures, where e is the fundamental unit of charge and h is Planck's constant. This structure has been observed in many samples and stays at near constant conductance despite a large range of external potential changes, the stability indicating a quantum state. We have also studied the structure in the presence of high in-plane magnetic fields and find an anisotropy which can be related to the Rashba spin–orbit interaction and agrees with a recent theory based on the formation of coherent back-scattering. A possible state with conductance at 0.25 ×(e2/h) has also been found. The quantum states described here will help with the fundamental understanding of low-dimensional electronic systems with strong spin–orbit coupling and may offer new perspectives for future applications in quantum information schemes.
Metal–insulator–superconductor transition in nickelate-based heterostructures driven by topotactic reduction
Authors: Han Kun , Xie Minmin , Mei Yufei , Lin Renju , Xu Liqiang , Chen Pingfan , Yin Penghui , Zeng Shengwei , Ge Binghui , Ariando Ariando , Song Dongsheng , Renshaw Wang X. , Wu Wenbin , Huang Zhen
Published: October 2023

The discovery of superconductivity in doped infinite-layer nickelates has attracted great interest recently. Here, a metal–insulator–superconductor transition is demonstrated by engineering the process of topotactic reduction. By employing topotactic reduction, a superconducting Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 layer is obtained from high-quality Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3, which is characterized by layer-by-layer growth and low room-temperature resistivity, rather than the low-quality Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3 with mixed phases. Moreover, an insulating intermediate state is uncovered within the transition from metallic Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3 to superconducting Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2, corresponding to a non-monotonic modulation of resistivity driven by topotactic reduction. In the incompletely reduced Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2+δ, residual oxygen atoms in the Nd/Sr plane disrupt the long-range order of the infinite-layer structure, resulting in suppressed superconductivity with a low transition temperature and non-zero residual resistivity. On the other hand, the superconductivity is optimized in the fully reduced sample, where a sign change in the Hall coefficient is always observed at low temperatures. Our study highlights the diverse electronic states achievable by controlling topotactic reduction, providing valuable insight into the understanding and manipulating of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates.
Optical concentration in fully delineated mid-wave infrared T2SL detectors arrays
Authors: Ramos D. , Delmas M. , Höglund L. , Ivanov R. , Žurauskaitė L. , Evans D. , Rihtnesberg D. , Bendrot L. , Smuk S. , Smuk A. , Becanovic S. , Almqvist S. , Tinghag P. , Fattala S. , Costard E. , Hellström P. E.
Published: October 2023

The dependence of quantum efficiency (QE) on fill factor and pixel pitch is studied theoretically and experimentally in fully delineated type-II superlattice (T2SL) detectors. Theoretically, a 2-dimensional simulation model is used to compute the absorption in the array geometry, which shows an insensitivity of the optical response to the fill factor. This is a result of the photodiode array (PDA) geometry concentrating the light in the pixel area. QE measurements on PDAs with varying pixel pitch (from 225 to 10 μm) and fill factors (from 98% to 64%) confirm this independence of the QE on the fill factor and results in a 50% increase in the photocurrent density in 10 μm pitch PDAs compared to 225 μm pitch PDAs. Furthermore, measurements of the dark current density vs pixel size revealed an absence of surface leakage in these PDAs, which, combined with the increased photocurrent density results in an improved signal-to-noise ratio when reducing the pitch in these T2SL detectors. Finally, this result resolves the QE-modulation transfer function trade-off, as the electrical isolation of the pixel is carried out without impacting the QE of the array.
Hidden in plain sight: Tripneustes kermadecensis (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) is a junior synonym of the eastern Australian sea urchin Evechinus australiae described in 1878
Authors: McLaren Emily , Bronstein Omri , Kroh Andreas , Winkler Viola , Miskelly Ashley , Sommer Brigitte , Byrne Maria
Published: October 2023

Accurate taxonomy and descriptions of species are key to understanding biodiversity. The echinoid genus Tripneustes is an ecologically and commercially important taxon that includes the tropical Tripneustes gratilla gratilla and the recently described T. kermadecensis from Australia and New Zealand. While examining the Australian Museum collections to clarify the distributions of these two species in eastern Australia we found potential senior type material for T. kermadecensis. These specimens from Sydney Harbour were originally described in 1878 as Evechinus australiae by Tenison-Woods but neither illustrated nor redescribed in any subsequent report. We undertook molecular and morphological analysis of these specimens to determine whether T. kermadecensis and E. australiae represent two distinct taxa or not. This included micro-computed tomography, quantification of test traits and molecular genetic analysis. The COI sequence and morphology of Evechinus australiae matched that of Tripneustes kermadecensis. As such, T. kermadecensis is a junior synonym of Evechinus australiae. The correct designation of this taxon is therefore Tripneustes australiae (Tenison-Woods, 1878). ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9B9E685C‐9C1C‐4645‐A799‐D97969BAA033
Inhibition of lysosome-tethered Ragulator-Rag-3D complex restricts the replication of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackie A16
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Hu Zhilin , Zhang Wei , Wu Shuwei , Hao Yongjin , Xiao Xia , Li Jingjing , Yu Xiaoliang , Yang Chengkui , Wang Jingfeng , Zhang Huiying , Ma Feng , Shi Weifeng , Wang Jianwei , Lei Xiaobo , Zhang Xiaohu , He Sudan
Published: October 2023

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackie A16 (CVA16) are two major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children. However, the mechanisms regulating the replication and pathogenesis of EV71/CVA16 remain incompletely understood. We performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen and identified Ragulator as a mediator of EV71-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis. The Ragulator-Rag complex is required for EV71 and CVA16 replication. Upon infection, the Ragulator-Rag complex recruits viral 3D protein to the lysosomal surface through the interaction between 3D and RagB. Disruption of the lysosome-tethered Ragulator-Rag-3D complex significantly impairs the replication of EV71/CVA16. We discovered a novel EV71 inhibitor, ZHSI-1, which interacts with 3D and significantly reduces the lysosomal tethering of 3D. ZHSI-1 treatment significantly represses replication of EV71/CVA16 as well as virus-induced pyroptosis associated with viral pathogenesis. Importantly, ZHSI-1 treatment effectively protects against EV71 infection in neonatal and young mice. Thus, our study indicates that targeting lysosome-tethered Ragulator-Rag-3D may be an effective therapeutic strategy for HFMD.
Dynamic analysis of a modified Leslie-Gower model with nonlinear prey harvesting and prey herd behavior
Authors: Golam Mortuja Md , Kumar Chaube Mithilesh , Kumar Santosh
Published: October 2023

In this study, a modified Leslie-Gower model with square root functional response has been used to describe prey group defense mechanism and nonlinear predator harvesting. Two equilibrium points are always present and feasible, whereas the predator-free equilibrium point and the interior equilibrium point are only present and feasible under a parametric condition. The equilibria’s local stability has been investigated. The saddle-node bifurcation at the axial equilibrium point is investigated using the harvesting coefficient as the bifurcation parameter. The maximum sustainable yield has been established discovering that if the value of harvesting rate is lower than the maximum sustainable yield, both populations will cohabit and the ecological balance will be maintained. By establishing harvesting rate control parameters with the goal of achieving sustainable development of people and ecosystems as the starting point, an optimal control model of harvesting rate mechanisms. Fisheries management will be aware of the rate at which little fish species (preys) must be taken in order to maintain ecological balance based on the findings of this study. Additional numerical simulations are run to validate the findings.
Trapped Bose–Einstein condensates with nonlinear coherent modes
Authors: Yukalov V I , Yukalova E P , Bagnato V S
Published: October 2023

The review presents the methods of generation of nonlinear coherent excitations in strongly nonequilibrium Bose-condensed systems of trapped atoms and their properties. Non-ground-state Bose–Einstein condensates are represented by nonlinear coherent modes. The principal difference of nonlinear coherent modes from linear collective excitations is emphasized. Methods of generating nonlinear modes and the properties of the latter are described. Matter-wave interferometry with coherent modes is discussed, including such effects as interference patterns, internal Josephson current, Rabi oscillations, Ramsey fringes, harmonic generation, and parametric conversion. Dynamic transition between mode-locked and mode-unlocked regimes is shown to be analogous to a phase transition. Atomic squeezing and entanglement in a lattice of condensed atomic clouds with coherent modes are considered. Nonequilibrium states of trapped Bose-condensed systems, starting from weakly nonequilibrium state, vortex state, vortex turbulence, droplet or grain turbulence, and wave turbulence, are classified by means of effective Fresnel and Mach numbers. The inverse Kibble–Zurek scenario is described. A method for the formation of directed beams from atom lasers is reported.
A verifiable (t,n) threshold quantum secret sharing scheme based on asymmetric binary polynomial
Authors: Guan Feiting , Guo Jiansheng , Li Lele
Published: October 2023

Threshold quantum secret sharing is a typical method for quantum secret sharing (QSS) schemes. In this paper, we propose a verifiable

t
,
n

threshold QSS scheme based on the

d

-dimensional Bell state and asymmetric binary polynomial. In this scheme, the dealer encodes the secret using the asymmetric binary polynomial and generates the corresponding secret share for each participant. Then, the dealer prepares the

d

-dimensional Bell state, and the participants perform corresponding unitary operations on the particles in transmission to recover the secret. With the hash function and the session key pairs, not only the cheating behavior of the dishonest participants can be detected, but also the specific cheaters can be identified. Furthermore, we consider the case when no less than

t

participants cooperate to recover the secret, which makes the proposed scheme more practical. Analyses show that the scheme can resist forgery attack, collusion attack and other common attacks.
Two-dimensional tin diselenide as the saturable absorber for passively Q-switched Er:YAP 3 μm solid-state laser
Authors: Kong Xiangzheng , Hu Xiaohui , Qi Chun , Du Long , Wang Maorong , Liu Qiaojun , Zhang Shuaiyi
Published: October 2023

A passively Q-switched (PQS) Er:YAP laser at ∼3 μm with the two-dimensional saturable absorber (SA) tin diselenide (SnSe2) nanosheet as SA was successfully demonstrated for the first time. Under the maximum absorbed pump power of 4.0 W, the obtained continuous-wave maximum output power of Er:YAP laser was 258 mW with a corresponding slop efficiency of 7.18%. In the PQS experiment, laser pulses with the shortest pulse duration of 198 ns were yielded with a repetition rate of 317 kHz under the maximum absorbed pump power of 4.0 W, and the corresponding single pulse energy and pulse peak power were 0.66 µJ and 3.3 W, respectively. The investigation indicates that SnSe2 has the potential to be an outstanding laser modulator for PQS solid-state laser at 3 μm wavelength.
Differences between two methods to derive a nonlinear Schrödinger equation and their application scopes
Authors: Chen 陈 Yu-Xi 羽西 , Zhang 张 Heng 恒 , Duan 段 Wen-Shan 文山
Published: October 2023

The present paper chooses a dusty plasma as an example to numerically and analytically study the differences between two different methods of obtaining nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). The first method is to derive a Korteweg–de Vries (KdV)-type equation and then derive the NLSE from the KdV-type equation, while the second one is to directly derive the NLSE from the original equation. It is found that the envelope waves from the two methods have different dispersion relations, different group velocities. The results indicate that two envelope wave solutions from two different methods are completely different. The results also show that the application scope of the envelope wave obtained from the second method is wider than that of the first one, though both methods are valuable in the range of their corresponding application scopes. It is suggested that, for other systems, both methods to derive NLSE may be correct, but their nonlinear wave solutions are different and their application scopes are also different.
Theoretical predictions on cluster radioactivity of superheavy nuclei with Z = 119, 120*
Authors: Liu 刘 Jiejie 洁洁 , Wang 王 Zhen 震 , Zhang 张 Hantao 涵韬 , Ren 任 Zhongzhou 中洲
Published: October 2023

In this study, we investigate the cluster radioactivity (CR) of new superheavy elements with

and 120 based on two successful theoretical methods with modified parameters: the density-dependent cluster model (DDCM) and unified decay formula (UDF). First, we employ the DDCM and UDF to accurately reproduce the experimental half-lives of cluster emissions, which demonstrates the high reliability of our theoretical methods. Then, we systematically predict the probable cluster modes of 293-311119 and 293-302120 as well as their corresponding decay energies and half-lives. The half-lives of cluster decay derived from the DDCM are consistent with those from the UDF. Therefore, our results reveal that the cluster emission of 8Be, emitted from the

119 and 120 isotopic chains, exhibits the minimum half-life for cluster emission, and hence, 8Be emission is considered the most probable cluster decay mode. Moreover, we explore the competition between α decay and CR and find that α decay may be the dominant decay mode against CR. Furthermore, the good linear relationship between the decay energy and the number of α particles within the emitted cluster is extended to the range of superheavy nuclei (SHN). We anticipate that our theoretical predictions for CR will provide valuable references for the experimental synthesis of new SHN.
Two-dimensional Parameter Relationships for W UMa-type Systems Revisited
Authors: Poro Atila , Paki Ehsan , Alizadehsabegh Ailar , Khodadadilori Mehdi , Salehian Selda Ranjbar , Hedayatjoo Mahya , Hashemi Fatemeh , Dashti Yasaman , Mohammadizadeh Fatemeh
Published: October 2023

Reviewing the empirical and theoretical parameter relationships between various parameters is a good way to understand more about contact binary systems. In this investigation, two-dimensional (2D) relationships for P–M

V(system), P–L
1,2, M
1,2–L
1,2, and q–L
ratio were revisited. The sample used is related to 118 contact binary systems with an orbital period shorter than 0.6 days whose absolute parameters were estimated based on the Gaia Data Release 3 parallax. We reviewed previous studies on 2D relationships and updated six parameter relationships. Therefore, Markov chain Monte Carlo and Machine Learning methods were used, and the outcomes were compared. We selected 22 contact binary systems from eight previous studies for comparison, which had light curve solutions using spectroscopic data. The results show that the systems are in good agreement with the results of this study.
Model-based analysis of subthreshold mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation for pain
Authors: Rogers Evan R , Mirzakhalili Ehsan , Lempka Scott F
Published: October 2023

Objective. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a common treatment for chronic pain. For decades, SCS maximized overlap between stimulation-induced paresthesias and the patient’s painful areas. Recently developed SCS paradigms relieve pain at sub-perceptible amplitudes, yet little is known about the neural response to these new waveforms or their analgesic mechanisms of action. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the neural response to multiple forms of paresthesia-free SCS. Approach. We used computational modeling to investigate the neurophysiological effects and the plausibility of commonly proposed mechanisms of three paresthesia-free SCS paradigms: burst, 1 kHz, and 10 kHz SCS. Specifically, in C- and Aβ-fibers, we investigated the effects of different SCS waveforms on spike timing and activation thresholds, as well as how stochastic ion channel gating affects the response of dorsal column axons. Finally, we characterized membrane polarization of superficial dorsal horn neurons. Main results. We found that none of the SCS waveforms activate nor modulate spike timing in C-fibers. Spike timing was modulated in Aβ-fibers only at suprathreshold amplitudes. Ion channel stochasticity had little effect on Aβ-fiber activation thresholds but produced heterogeneous spike timings at suprathreshold amplitudes. Finally, local cells were preferentially polarized in their axon terminals, and the magnitude of this polarization was dependent on cellular morphology and position relative to the stimulation electrodes. Significance. Overall, the mechanisms of action of subparesthetic SCS remain unclear. Our results suggest that no SCS waveforms directly activate C-fibers, and modulation of spike timing is unlikely at subthreshold amplitudes. We conclude that potential subthreshold neuromodulatory effects of SCS on local cells are likely to be presynaptic in nature, as axons are preferentially depolarized during SCS.
Unsupervised domain adaptation for cross-patient seizure classification
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Zhang Wen , Li Siyang , Chen Xinru , Wu Dongrui
Published: October 2023

Objective. Epileptic seizure is a chronic neurological disease affecting millions of patients. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the gold standard in epileptic seizure classification. However, its low signal-to-noise ratio, strong non-stationarity, and large individual difference nature make it difficult to directly extend the seizure classification model from one patient to another. This paper considers multi-source unsupervised domain adaptation for cross-patient EEG-based seizure classification, i.e. there are multiple source patients with labeled EEG data, which are used to label the EEG trials of a new patient. Approach. We propose an source domain selection (SDS)-global domain adaptation (GDA)-target agent subdomain adaptation (TASA) approach, which includes SDS to filter out dissimilar source domains, GDA to align the overall distributions of the selected source domains and the target domain, and TASA to identify the most similar source domain to the target domain so that its labels can be utilized. Main results. Experiments on two public seizure datasets demonstrated that SDS-GDA-TASA outperformed 13 existing approaches in unsupervised cross-patient seizure classification. Significance. Our approach could save clinicians plenty of time in labeling EEG data for epilepsy patients, greatly increasing the efficiency of seizure diagnostics.
Identifying sex differences in EEG-based emotion recognition using graph convolutional network with attention mechanism
Authors: Peng Dan , Zheng Wei-Long , Liu Luyu , Jiang Wei-Bang , Li Ziyi , Lu Yong , Lu Bao-Liang
Published: October 2023

Objective. Sex differences in emotions have been widely perceived via self-reports, peripheral physiological signals and brain imaging techniques. However, how sex differences are reflected in the electroencephalography (EEG) neural patterns of emotions remains unresolved. In this paper, we detect sex differences in emotional EEG patterns, investigate the consistency of such differences in various emotion datasets across cultures, and study how sex as a factor affects the performance of EEG-based emotion recognition models. Approach. We thoroughly assess sex differences in emotional EEG patterns on five public datasets, including SEED, SEED-IV, SEED-V, DEAP and DREAMER, systematically examine the sex-specific EEG patterns for happy, sad, fearful, disgusted and neutral emotions, and implement deep learning models for sex-specific emotion recognition. Main results. (1) Sex differences exist in various emotion types and both Western and Eastern cultures; (2) The emotion patterns of females are more stable than those of males, and the patterns of happiness from females are in sharp contrast with the patterns of sadness, fear and disgust, while the energy levels are more balanced for males; (3) The key features for emotion recognition are mainly located at the frontal and temporal sites for females and distributed more evenly over the whole brain for males, and (4) the same-sex emotion recognition models outperform the corresponding cross-sex models. Significance. These findings extend efforts to characterize sex differences in emotional brain activation, provide new physiological evidence for sex-specific emotion processing, and reinforce the message that sex differences should be carefully considered in affective research and precision medicine.
Threshold anomalies in low-energy reactions with loosely-bound projectiles
Authors: Aguilera E F , Torabi F , Morales-Rivera J C
Published: October 2023

Recent results concerning data for fusion and elastic scattering of low-energy neutron-halo 6He and weakly-bound 6Li projectiles, colliding with medium mass targets, are briefly reviewed. The extended optical model (EOM) was used, which includes two complex polarization potentials, one associated to fusion couplings and the other one associated to direct reaction couplings. Four systems having 6Li projectiles and one with 6He were analyzed. The extracted threshold anomalies are discussed.
Understanding Heavy-ion Fusion Cross Section Data Using Novel Artificial Intelligence Approaches
Authors: Dell’Aquila Daniele , Gnoffo Brunilde , Lombardo Ivano , Porto Francesco , Redigolo Luigi , Russo Marco
Published: October 2023

An unprecedentedly extensive dataset of complete fusion cross section data is modeled via a novel artificial intelligence approach. The analysis was focused on light-to-medium-mass nuclei, where fission-like phenomena are more difficult to occur. The method used to derive the models exploits a state-of-the-art hybridization of genetic programming and artificial neural networks and is capable to derive, in a data-driven way, an analytical expression that serves to predict integrated cross section values. We analyzed a comprehensive set of nuclear variables, including quantities related to the nuclear structure of projectile and target. In this paper, we describe the derivation of two computationally simple models that can satisfactorily describe, with a reduced number of variables and only a few parameters, a large variety of light-to-intermediate-mass collision systems in an energy domain ranging approximately from the Coulomb barrier to the oncet of multi-fragmentation phenomena. The underlying methods are of potential use for a broad domain of applications in the nuclear field.
Nuclear structure and dynamics with light exotic beams
Authors: Di Pietro A
Published: October 2023

In this contribution some aspects of the reaction dynamics of collisions involving light exotic nuclei will be introduced. In particular the dynamics of proton-halo nuclei and the differences with neutron-halo induced reactions will be discussed. Moreover, the formation of quasi-molecular states in the scattering of light nuclei having a neutron skin with α-particles will be presented.
Monoisotopic targets production from atomic and molecular positive ion implantation in a tandem accelerator at low energies
Authors: Mas-Ruiz J. , Marín-Lámbarri D. J. , Sandoval-Hipólito S. , Monroy-Díaz E. , Reza G. , Valdéz-Guerrero A. O. , Acosta L. , Andrade E. , Belmont D. , Huerta A. , Solís C. , Chávez E.
Published: October 2023

We produced monoisotopic targets of 13C and 28,29Si with 1015−16 atoms/cm2 areal density by ion implantation in different matrices at the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) facility in Mexico. The tandem accelerator terminal voltage was set at the lowest achievable value (200 kV) that yield beams with energy of 435 keV. It is possible to do ion implantation at lower energies in our facility through the use of molecular beams, so in this work we looked for, and successfully found, bound positively charged molecular beams, although with very low intensity. We inject 235 keV

C

6

−

molecules into the charge of exchange canal (argon) of our tandem accelerator and detected the survival fraction of C2,3,4 molecules in 1+ and 2+ charge states or above. Our results showed that some molecules remain bound, with one or more electrons missing, after being forced through a low density gas stripper at relatively high energy. In the production process of negative molecular fluxes in the Source of Negative Ions by Cesium Sputtering (SNICS) we found an odd-even effect in their intensity that we understand as the coupling between the fragment size distribution of a dynamic fragmentation of graphite by cesium impact and the electron affinity of the molecules with n-carbon atoms. The availability of these kind of high energy molecular beams opens the door for discovery both in the study of the physics of negative and positive molecular ions.
Clustering states in neutron-rich nuclei
Authors: Risitano F. , Gnoffo B. , Trimarchi M. , Acosta L. , Cardella G. , De Filippo E. , Dell’Aquila D. , Geraci E. , Lombardo I. , Maiolino C. , Martorana N.S. , Pagano A. , Pagano E.V. , Papa M. , Pirrone S. , Politi G. , Rizzo F. , Russotto P. , Santagati G. , Zagami C.
Published: October 2023

The study of clustering states in neutron-rich nuclei is an important subject of research in the field of nuclear physics, steadily growing in interest in the international scientific community. In this context, break-up reactions play an important role for the characterization of exotic states in radioactive light nuclei, like neutron halos around stable cores, α-clustering structures or exotic clusters. The CLIR (Clusters in Light Ion Reactions) experiment was performed at INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), aiming at the investigation of such states in light radioactive nuclei, by producing a radioactive beam at the FRIBs facility. Reaction products were detected by the CHIMERA multidetector, coupled with four telescopes of the FARCOS array. Calibrations of the tagging system and of the FARCOS telescopes have been performed, for which accurate procedures have been carried out. In this paper, results on the analysis will be presented. Moreover, a brief review on the new fragment separator FRAISE, currently under construction at LNS, will be given.
Total Reflection Xray Fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry as a powerful and broad-spectrum analytical tool in the nuclear sciences
Authors: Rodríguez Alejandre J L , Sharma Vijay R. , Acosta Sánchez L. A. , Dasgupta-Schubert N
Published: October 2023

X-ray spectroscopy is widely used in nuclear reaction and structure studies. To aid such studies the technological envelope is continually being pushed to achieve higher quality such as superior power and brilliance, higher resolution and sensitivity. We present the discussion of a relatively new form of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry - Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry that can achieve analytical sensitivities of the order of parts per billion (ppb). An overview of the TXRF technique is presented and its utility for nuclear materials analysis discussed. Polarized Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (PEDXRF) spectrometry is also an XRF technique that can complement TXRFS where it may not be applicable. That scenario is discussed with respect to our results using PEDXRF on geothermal samples that serve to corroborate the recent findings of the Borexino Geoneutrino Experiment regarding the high Th, U concentrations in the earth’s mantle.
Symmetry-resolved entanglement: general considerations, calculation from correlation functions, and bounds for symmetry-protected topological phases
Authors: Monkman Kyle , Sirker Jesko
Published: October 2023

We discuss some general properties of the symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy in systems with particle number conservation. Using these general results, we describe how to obtain bounds on the entanglement components from correlation functions in Gaussian systems. We introduce majorization as an important tool to derive entanglement bounds. As an application, we derive lower bounds both for the number and the configurational entropy for chiral and Cn
-symmetric topological phases. In some cases, our considerations also lead to an improvement of the previously known lower bounds for the entanglement entropy in such systems.
EPS-Geofoam as Lightweight material for Replacement of Embankment Fill to Overcome Landslide Problems at STA 40+200 of Cisumdawu Toll Road, West Java
Authors: Rahardjo P P , Anggoro B W , Wijaya M , Seourin D P
Published: October 2023

Toll Road construction takes a vital role to connects cities in Indonesia. Cisumdawu toll road which is constructed to connects Cileunyi, Sumedang and Dawuan, pass through a complex geological formation and suffers a number of slope failures during construction. At STA 40+200, the toll road is constructed by using 20m height embankment by using local soil. Prior to reaching the final elevation, significant land movement was observed. In order to rehabilitate the embankment, the fill is excavated in order to reduce driving loads acting on the sliding plane and EPS geofoam is used as lightweight material to replace soil fill in order to reduce the driving forces acting on the soil. In this paper, the mechanism of slope failure and discussion on the EPS-Geofoam and pavement system employed to solve the slope failure problem will be discussed.
Design to Failure: What Went Wrong?
Authors: Nazir R
Published: October 2023

Failures resulted from a lack of awareness of the dangers involved, a lack of competent geotechnical engineering engagement, poor communication, and a tendency to invest insufficient resources to complete a thorough design. Various factors, including changes in the water table, progressive soil erosion, soil heterogeneity, excavation activities, soil liquefaction, and natural disasters such as earthquakes and landslides, can cause geotechnical failures. This demonstrates the need for geotechnical engineers to have the necessary knowledge and skills to build safe structures with a low risk of geotechnical failure. Prediction and anticipation are the arts of geotechnical design rather than a comprehensive quantitative analysis. As a result, this paper will offer various case studies of geotechnical failures to provide recommendations.
Slope Monitoring of a Road Embankment by Using Distributed Optical Fibre Sensing Inclinometer
Authors: Ghazali M F , Mohamad H , Nasir M Y , Aizzuddin A M , Aiman MS
Published: October 2023

Distributed Optical Fibre Sensor (DOFS) is a versatile sensor considering that it can be used to measure various parameters, such as detection of small strains over large areas and long distances. The application of DOFS is currently being explored as an early warning system, particularly for slope movement detection. In this paper, an embankment slope at Sungai Rual, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia was selected to determine the best monitoring layout for landslide detection. Two methods of installation for vertical Fibre Optic (FO) inclinometers (using conventional casing with a special grove) were installed to monitor subsurface horizontal ground movements. The first method of FO inclinometer installation uses concrete (grade 35) grouting, and the second method uses a bentonite mixture. It was found that the first method was unsuccessful due to the fibre breakage during the hardening process of concrete and hence not recommended. However, the measurement was successfully taken for the bentonite mixture method. The displacement reading was taken using both the FO and conventional inclinometer probe. The reading for the 9.5 m depth of the inclinometer casing were recorded for the comparison between FO and conventional inclinometer probes. A comparison between FO and conventional systems showed almost similar results to the conventional method. The FO inclinometer developed in this project shall provide vital information to assist designers and operators, as well as inform stakeholders on the integrity of their structures.
Determination of Replacement Material Thickness in the Case of Expansive Soil in Dams
Authors: Riza Muhammad , Mulyawati Isah Bela , Kurniawan Cepi Herdiyan
Published: October 2023

One simple solution to reduce the impact of damage caused by swelling on expansive soil is to replace it with soil that has better properties. Unlike replacing expansive soil material in the subgrade or foundation layer, replacing expansive material in a constructed dam requires special consideration, as fluctuating reservoir water levels and rainfall cycles affect the active zone of expansive soil, which will affect the stability of the dam. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the thickness of the replacement layer, which is also the active zone of expansive soil in the dam, by modeling the stability of the dam against changes in reservoir water levels and rainfall cycles with parent analysis using finite element and limit equilibrium method programs. One example of dam damage caused by expansive soil was used as a case study. The study results show that changes in the wet-dry active zone can be used as a basis for determining the thickness of the replacement material in cases of expansive soil in dams.