bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saussure
Authors: Perini-Santos Pedro
Published: September 2022

O Cours de Linguistique Général de Ferdinand de Saussure (1916) é comumente tido como obra basilar para o estabelecimento dos métodos de pesquisa na linguística. Considerando esse fato, este artigo discute como a obra – que foi publicada após a morte do autor e sem a sua anuência – alcançou tamanha relevância, mesmo que não expresse, de fato, o que pensava o autor. Dentre alguns desvios de intepretação e edição, encontra-se a fórmula do clássico conceito de signo e a suposta autonomia das áreas da sincronia e da diacronia na pesquisa sobre a linguagem.
Normas de textualidade em textos veiculados no Twitter
Authors: Mendes Heloisa Mara
Published: September 2022

Neste artigo analisamos textos produzidos com até 140 caracteres e veiculados no Twitter, sob a perspectiva teórica da Linguística Textual, mais especificamente, a partir das normas de textualidade definidas por Beaugrande e Dressler (1997). Apresentamos dados relativos a essa rede social, procurando descrever seu sucesso, principalmente no Brasil, e seu impacto na relação com a escrita. Em seguida, verificamos de que maneira as normas de textualidade são mobilizadas e constituem textos concisos, porém, comunicativos e coerentes. O fato de o Twitter ser uma rede social parece evidenciar ainda mais a relação inextricável entre o produtor do texto, o próprio texto e o seu receptor na produção de unidade de sentido.
Percepção de sons de língua estrangeira pelo Modelo de Assimilação Perceptual
Authors: Reis Mara
Published: September 2022

A percepção de sons é hoje uma das variáveis de investigação nos estudos de aprendizagem do sistema fonológico de língua estrangeira. Nas ultimas décadas, diversas teorias ou modelos foram propostos na tentativa de explicar o quanto a experiência linguistica com a língua materna afeta tanto a percepção quanto a produção de fala não nativa. Este artigo apresenta um dos modelos de percepção de sons de língua estrangeira mais influentes nos estudos de fonética e fonologia, o Modelo de Assimilação Perceptual proposto por Best em 1995. Em 2007, Best e Tyler ampliaram o modelo abrangendo a aprendizagem perceptual. Além da apresentação dos dois modelos, o artigo também propõe sugestões de como utilizá-los empiricamente.
Charakterystyka prowadzenia publicznej debaty bioetycznej w Polsce na przykładzie dyskusji o kwestiach reprodukcyjnych
Authors: Przyłuska-Fiszer Alicja , Korbacz Katarzyna
Published: September 2022

Celem artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie współczesnej publicznej debaty bioetycznej w Polsce na przykładzie dyskusji na temat kwestii reprodukcyjnych. Autorki podkreślają polaryzację i radykalizację przeciwstawnych stanowisk i pomijanie zagadnień istotnych dla dyskusji filozoficznych na ten temat. Debata społeczna ma charakter sporu światopoglądowego o charakterze pragmatycznym, a jej celem jest oddziaływanie na zmianę bądź ugruntowanie już przyjmowanych przekonań moralnych umożliwiające przyjęcie i akceptację społeczną proponowanego rozwiązania legislacyjnego. Do radykalizacji sporu przyczynia się silny wpływ instytucji Kościoła, rozwój ruchu społecznego na rzecz obrony praw kobiet i praw reprodukcyjnych oraz brak należytej uwagi dla tej debaty i jej wszystkich uczestników ze strony władz publicznych.
Sodium nitroprusside on acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs: case reports
Authors: Han Mangil , Kim Yoonhwan , Jeong Yunho , Ahn Jin-Ok , Chung Jin-Young
Published: September 2022

This study reports the efficacy of the vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP), for treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs. For this study, the patients were divided into the SNP only treatment group, the SNP, furosemide and dobutamine treatment group, and non-SNP treatment group. Seven dogs, 6 dogs and 2 dogs were favorable responders in SNP only group, group with SNP, furosemide and dobutamine and non-SNP treatment group, each. The results of this study suggest that SNP can be an effective alternative therapy for dogs with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
The protective effects of sonicated Bordetella bronchiseptica bacterin on the immunosuppression of spleen cells induced by anti-cancer drugs (5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and vincristine)
Authors: Lee You-Jeong , Joo Hong-Gu
Published: September 2022

5-Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and vincristine are chemotherapy agents used to treat various cancers, such as breast cancer and lymphoma for decades, and their effects on cancer have been proven. On the other hand, these anti-cancer drugs cause fatal side effects, including immunosuppression. This study investigated whether sonicated Bordetella bronchiseptica bacterin can attenuate the immunosuppression of spleen cells induced by these chemotherapy agents and which subsets of spleen cells were affected. B. bronchiseptica increased the metabolic activity of spleen cells treated with 3 anti-cancer drugs. Cell death analysis using Annexin V/propidium iodide showed that B. bronchiseptica markedly decreased the death of spleen cells. The subsets of spleen cells were analyzed by flow cytometry using a surface marker-specific antibody. B. bronchiseptica increased nitric oxide production in the spleen cells treated with anti-cancer drugs (p < 0.0001). Despite the pharmacological effects of anti-cancer drugs, many patients suffer from the fatal side effects of immunosuppression. This study provides valuable information on how to overcome chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
Potential application of herbal medicine treatment based on pattern identification for canine cognitive dysfunctional syndrome: a comparative analysis of Korea medicine therapy for patients with dementia
Authors: Jung Kyungsook , Zhao HuiYan , Choi Yujin , Jang Jung-Hee
Published: September 2022

Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive and behavioral disorders and reduces the quality of life in dogs and their guardians. This study reviewed the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for CDS and compared the diagnosis and therapy of CAM between CDS in canines and dementia in humans. The evaluation tools for the diagnosis of CDS and dementia were similar in the neurological and neuropsychiatric examinations, daily life activity, cognitive tests, and neuroimaging, but the evaluation for dementia was further subdivided. In CAM, pattern identification is a diagnostic method for accurate, personalized treatment, such as herbal medicine. For herbal medicine treatment of cognitive impairment in canines and humans, a similar pattern identification classified as deficiency (Qi, blood, and Yin) and Excess (phlegm, Qi stagnation, and blood stasis) is being used. However, the veterinary clinical basis for verifying the efficacy and safety of CAM therapies for CDS is limited. Therefore, based on CAM evidence in dementia, it is necessary to establish CDS-targeted CAM diagnostic methods and therapeutic techniques considering the anatomical, physiological, and pathological characteristics of dogs.
Incidence and sero-surveillance of feline viruses in Korean cats residing in Gyeonggi-do
Authors: Yang Dong-Kun , Park Yu-Ri , Kim Eun-ju , Lee Hye Jeong , Shin Kyu-Sik , Kim Ju-Hun , Lee Kyunghyun , Hyun Bang-Hun
Published: September 2022

Incidences of major feline viral diseases provide basic information for preventing viral disease in cats. Despite the growing interest in feline viral diseases, sero-surveillances have been lacking. In this study, we analyzed the diagnoses of feline viral diseases and conducted a sero surveillance of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) in Korean cats. Of the 204 confirmed cases since 2015, the numbers of diagnoses for FPV, FIPV, FCV, feline influenza virus, and FHV-1 were 156, 32, 12, 3, and 1 case, respectively. In total, 200 sera, collected between 2019 and 2021, were screened for the presence of antibodies against FPV, 2 FCVs, FHV-1, and FIPV using a hemagglutination inhibition test and a virus-neutralizing assay (VNA). The overall seropositive rates in cats tested for FPV, the 2 FCVs, FHV-1, and FIPV were 92.5%. 42.0%, 37.0%, 52.0%, and 14.0%, respectively. A low correlation (r = 0.466) was detected between the VNA titers of 2 FCV strains. The highest incidence and seropositive rate of FPV reveal that FPV is circulating in Korean cats. The low r-value between 2 FCVs suggests that a new feline vaccine containing the 2 kinds of FCVs is required.
Computed tomographic diagnosis of broncholithiasis in a cat
Authors: Kim Rakhoon , An Soyon , Hwang Gunha , Ryu Jeongmin , Kim Minji , Yoon Jiwon , Noh Seul Ah , Yu Do Hyeon , Lee Hee Chun , Hwang Tae-Sung
Published: September 2022

A 5-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was referred for further investigation of pulmonary nodules incidentally detected on thoracic radiographs. Thoracic radiographs identified ill-defined soft tissue opacity nodules with small faint mineral opacity. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed that bronchial dilation and bronchial wall thickening in bilateral cranial and accessory lung lobes. Round to ellipsoid mineralized concretions were found embedded in the intrabronchial soft tissue attenuation material. Based on radiography, CT, and cytology, the patient was tentatively diagnosed as having broncholithiasis with chronic bronchitis. This report described the CT diagnosis of broncholithiasis, which has been rarely reported in a cat.
Prophylactic effect of topical betaxolol and dorzolamide on the fellow eye in unilateral canine primary angle closure glaucoma: 60 cases (2016.1-2021.5)
Authors: Ahn Junyeong , Kang Seonmi , Shim Jaeho , Jeong Youngseok , Lee Songhui , Lee Eunji , Seo Kangmoon
Published: September 2022

This study was aimed to evaluate the prophylactic anti-glaucoma effect of topical 5% betaxolol (BTX) and 2% dorzolamide (DRZ) on the second eye in dogs with unilateral primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Medical records of 60 dogs with unilateral PACG who received prophylactic anti-glaucoma eyedrops in the second eye, from 2016 to 2021, were reviewed. The duration of prophylactic effects of BTX only and DRZ after BTX failure was calculated. The prophylactic effects of BTX were maintained on 28/60 (46.7%) eyes until last visit and BTX failure was observed on median 510 (range, 53-1,927) days in 32/60 (53.3%) eyes. After DRZ instillation in BTX failure eyes, the prophylactic effects were extended at median 610 (range, 157-2,270) days in 21/32 (65.6%) eyes. DRZ failure eyes (17/21, 81.0%) eyes required chemical ablation or surgical intervention due to uncontrolled intraocular pressure. The duration of prophylactic effects was decreased with aging (R² = 0.334, p = 0.006). The predominant breeds were Shih-Tzu (41.9%) and American Cocker Spaniel (30.6%) with no significant differences in survival curves (p = 0.210). The average prophylactic effects of BTX persisted more than 1.5 year and could be selected the first prophylactic eye drop in unilateral PACG. Also, early surgical intervention should be considered in prophylactic medications failure cases.
KONTRIBUSI INSTRUMEN PERBANKAN SYARIAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA TAHUN 2005-2021
Authors: Mulyadi Sandi , Suryanto Asep
Published: September 2022

This research aims to analyze the role of Islamic banks in economic growth. The writing of this research is motivated by the rapid development of Islamic banking in Indonesia which needs to be balanced with its contribution to economic growth. This research is based on research questions about the development of Islamic banks in Indonesia, and the contribution of Islamic banks to Indonesia's economic growth before and during this pandemic, through third party financing, financing, and Islamic bank assets in the Indonesian economy. The method used in this study is quantitative by analyzing secondary data processed by Eviews 10 using the VECM method and using quarterly time series data from 2005 to 2021. The results of the study using the VECM method show that Islamic bank third party funds have a positive effect, total bank assets Sharia has a negative effect, and financing has no long-term or short-term effect on economic growth. Based on tests conducted by IRF, the movement of economic growth in response to the shock of these variables has been volatile for the next 60 years. This means that Islamic banks play an important role in Indonesia's economic growth. The proposed solution is for Islamic banks to increase market share, increase the proportion of funding from the Mudharabah and Musyarakah programs, tighten regulations, improve quality and quantity, and keep up with technological advances.
OPTIMALISASI WAKAF TANAH PERSPEKTIF ISTIBDAL (Studi Pada Harta Wakaf Pimpinan Daerah Muhammadiyah Kota Yogyakarta)
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad Zulfikar
Published: September 2022

This study aims to analyze the optimization of waqf land in the perspective of istibdal carried out by the Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership of Yogyakarta City. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research with interviews and literature study. The analytical method used is istihsan analysis by looking for benefits in the istibdal process of waqf property. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, it was found that istibdal waqf property is one way so that the benefits of waqf can continue to be felt on waqf assets that are no longer productive or cannot be used anymore. Istibdal waqf is needed as an effort so that the waqf property is still able to provide benefits as aspired by the wakif. There are four (4) types of istibdal waqf that have been used in exchanging waqf property, namely: Istibdal Nazhir, Istibdal Benefits, Istibdal Place and Istibdal Status. Istibdal land waqf carried out by PDM Yogyakarta City is able to optimize waqf land well. This is evident from the utilization of waqf land which has not been able to be maximized due to various obstacles then istibdal land waqf is carried out which is significantly able to make the waqf property optimal and productive again.
Student Engagement Amongst Regional Australian Undergraduate Students
Authors: Naiker Mani , Wakeling Lara , Cook Simon , Peck Blake , Johnson Joel B , Brown Stephen
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Student learning approaches and level of engagement with the learning resources presented can have a significant impact on their overall understanding of the topic contents and their success in assessment items. This study used the student course engagement questionnaire (SCEQ) to assess the level of engagement of first-year undergraduate students at a regional Australian university who were studying three different introductory units: chemistry, biology and nursing. No significant differences in engagement were found between the units that students were studying, and gender also had minimal impact on engagement levels. One of the most notable factors influencing engagement was student age, with students under 20 years of age scoring significantly less than mature age students across nearly all measures of engagement. Tertiary educators could use several complementary approaches to improve engagement in this group of students, including the use of interactive multimedia and social media to connect with students, making the unit content relatable and relevant to students’ lives, providing authentic assessment items, and pursuing interactive approaches to lectures and tutorials.
Intending to Teach Critical Thinking
Authors: Lilly Thomas , Darr Pratima , Schmolesky Matthew , Lindley Todd , Schilpzand Marieke , Ludolph Patrick , Higgins Rebecca , Shim Young , Weinstein Aurelie , Von Deutsch Daniel , Burko Lior
Published: September 2022

Numerous studies from recent years and going back decades suggest that post-secondary students are failing to sufficiently improve their critical thinking (CT) skills during their undergraduate years (Abrami et al., 2015; Arum & Roksa, 2011; Huber & Kuncel, 2016). Meanwhile, institutions have increasingly embraced CT as a core competency and educational outcome. Several studies have demonstrated measurable within-semester increases in CT, but most often without a meaningful control group for comparison (Cargas et al. 2017; Grant & Smith 2018; Styers et al. 2018). This study asks if an intervention of embedding content-driven critical thinking exercises within courses would cause a measurable impact on critical thinking outcomes within one semester. All participating courses were paired with an instructor teaching a control section alongside an experimental section. All sections were exposed to pre- and post-assessments, using the Critical Thinking Assessment test. Pre-post results indicated statistically significant gains for experimental groups compared with control groups.
Using Instructor-Implemented Interventions to Improve College-Student Time Management
Authors: Kelly Alison , Cuccolo Kelly , Clinton-Lisell Virginia
Published: September 2022

Time management difficulties are prevalent among undergraduate students and very few practical and effective instructor-implemented interventions exist. This study empirically tested two multicomponent interventions targeting time management in undergraduates enrolled in introductory and upper-level psychology courses. Students in the Schedule and Goals intervention were taught about the usefulness and importance of time management and shown how to use scheduling and goal setting strategies. Students in the Schedule Only intervention were only shown how to use the scheduling strategy. Students in both interventions also submitted either a weekly schedule and time management goals (Schedule and Goals) or only a weekly schedule (Schedule Only) on their course Learning Management System for 8 weeks. No significant post-intervention differences in time management behavior were found between the intervention conditions. However, students in the introductory course experienced a significant increase in post-intervention time management behavior. Post-intervention time management behavior was also positively correlated with final course grades. Results support the use of instructor-implemented interventions to improve college student time management.

            Keywords: Time management, self-regulated learning, college teaching, instructor-implemented interventions
Demeaning face of politics and bureaucracy in labour movement in Kenya: A quest for an effective labour law
Authors: Tom, Jr. Ratemo
Published: September 2022

The Constitution of Kenya, 2010, the Labour Relations Act, 2007, and the Employment Act, 2007, along with several other labour statutes, are designed to facilitate the establishment of employer-employee unions that play a significant role in safeguarding the social, political, and economic rights/interests of their registered members. Employers and employees generally need a conducive environment to perform their daily duties. Of late, however, continuous interference from political and state machineries in the running of union activities has proved to be a bedrock for regular internal disputes between the management and employees of various institutions in the country. For instance, the Kenya National Union of Teachers has accused, on several occasions, the Teachers Service Commission and politicians of sabotaging the affairs of the union. This paper, therefore, aims to evaluate the constitutional and legal framework regulating the establishment and registration of trade unions in Kenya. Besides, with the aid of judicial pronouncements, it analyses the impact of politics and bureaucracy in exercising the right to freedom of association, an essential element in the survival of trade unions in Kenya. Finally, the paper proposes measures to counter the threat posed by external parties in running trade union activities.
El derecho a la autonomía universitaria frente a las ordenes de los fallos de tutela
Authors: Cadena Santos Paola Edith
Published: September 2022

Las instituciones de educación superior, dentro de su autonomía universitaria, deben cumplir órdenes judiciales dispuestas mediante acciones de tutela. Estas decisiones judiciales son de obligatorio e inmediato cumplimiento. En algunas de estas decisiones se profieren órdenes que, en ocasiones, pueden ser contrarias a las características propias de la institución o sus directrices académicas-curriculares que enmarcan el proceso educativo, conforme su autonomía universitaria. El objetivo de este artículo es evidenciar cómo, incluso cuando la autonomía universitaria está consagrada en la Constitución Política como garantía para las instituciones de educación superior, se encuentra en riesgo por cuenta de las órdenes que son proferidas en algunos fallos de tutela.
Configuración del discurso partidista y constitucional: La pugna entre “Bolivianos” y “Constitucionalistas”
Authors: Zapata Ávila Juan Guillermo
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo se ocupa de analizar cómo se configuró un discurso partidista y constitucional difundido en la prensa durante la República de Colombia, a partir de la pugna entre seguidores de Bolívar y Santander, lo cual propició la aparición de tendencias partidistas que no lograron constituir una postura política clara y definitiva. El texto forma parte de una investigación más amplia, que se desarrolló con base en la sociología figurativa y referentes conceptuales del análisis político del discurso, cuya fuente principal fue la prensa política de la época.
Response of extreme precipitation to climatic warming in the Weihe river basin, China and its mechanism
Authors: Wu Bohua , Quan Quan , Huang Xifeng , Deng Jiaxiang
Published: September 2022

As global warming continues, extreme precipitation events occur frequently in inland areas, seriously affecting human security and the ecological environment. Spatiotemporal evolution of extreme precipitation as well as response of extreme precipitation to climatic warming and its mechanism were investigated by considering the Weihe river basin in a monsoon transition zone of China as a research object. The results indicate that while the annual average temperature of the Weihe river basin increased with fluctuations from 1966 to 2017, except for the consecutive dry days (CDD) and simple daily intensity index that increased slightly, the other extreme precipitation indices (consecutive wet days, R25, and Rx5day) tended to decrease. Moreover, except for the CDD, the other four indices gradually increased from the northwest to the southeast, showing a similar trend to the temperature. The relationship between the 95th percentile threshold and temperature (hereinafter referred to as the P
95d–T relationship) in the Weihe river basin demonstrates the hook structure and its strength in terms of response is mainly dominated by the super-Clausius–Clapeyron (C–C) and C–C scaling. Furthermore, the peak temperature rises gradually from the northwest to the southeast. The results can provide important reference for the prediction of climate change and future studies of disaster risk in the Weihe river basin.
Study on hydrogen-induced stress corrosion of 7N01-T4 aluminum alloy for railway vehicles
Authors: Zhang Li-jiao , Li Ming-gao
Published: September 2022

7N01-T4 aluminum alloy is widely applied to high speed train body material attributed to its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties; however, its high sensitivity to hydrogen stress corrosion would seriously restrict its further application. In this study, the hydrogen-induced stress corrosion of the base metal and the joint was investigated under slow strain rate test to ascertain the characteristics and mechanism of hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking of aluminum alloy. By applying the cathode potential, the morphology of tensile port was studied. Results show that under the action of tensile stress, the free atomic hydrogen produced in the corrosion process or absorbed hydrogen diffuses along the grain boundary into the crack tip region, weakens the grain boundary and causes hydrogen embrittlement, thus accelerating the crack propagation and fracture. These properties provide a broader prospect for the application of 7N01-T4 aluminum alloy in high-speed train body.
Design and simulation of vehicle vibration test based on virtual reality technology
Authors: Huo Zhiyi , Luo Xinwen , Wang Qian , Jagota Vishal , Jawarneh Malik , Sharma Manish
Published: September 2022

When a car is operating, the road roughness will cause it to vibrate. When this vibration reaches a particular threshold, the driver will get uncomfortable and fatigued, affecting the bearing system’s durability and longevity. The vehicle vibration virtual test system’s framework design and implementation approach is based on virtual reality (VR), and it is made up of a VR subsystem, a model subsystem, and a virtual instrument subsystem. A virtual car vibration test system based on VR is built, and the results of the virtual vehicle vibration test are reported. The findings indicate that the virtual test (VT) technology theoretical model pertains to the creation of VT systems for car vibration based on VR. Users may monitor the vehicle vibration as well as its time domain and frequency domain signals in three separate observation modes using the system.
Generalized invexity and duality in multiobjective variational problems involving non-singular fractional derivative
Authors: Dubey Ved Prakash , Kumar Devendra , Alshehri Hashim M. , Singh Jagdev , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: September 2022

In this article, we extend the generalized invexity and duality results for multiobjective variational problems with fractional derivative pertaining to an exponential kernel by using the concept of weak minima. Multiobjective variational problems find their applications in economic planning, flight control design, industrial process control, control of space structures, control of production and inventory, advertising investment, impulsive control problems, mechanics, and several other engineering and scientific problems. The proposed work considers the newly derived Caputo–Fabrizio (CF) fractional derivative operator. It is actually a convolution of the exponential function and the first-order derivative. The significant characteristic of this fractional derivative operator is that it provides a non-singular exponential kernel, which describes the dynamics of a system in a better way. Moreover, the proposed work also presents various weak, strong, and converse duality theorems under the diverse generalized invexity conditions in view of the CF fractional derivative operator.
Outcomes of acute ischemic stroke in kidney transplant recipients: An analysis of US Nationwide inpatient sample
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Zhipeng , Lv Jingcheng , Zheng Mengmeng , Zhu Yichen
Published: September 2022

A kidney transplant is often the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney disease, compared with a lifetime on dialysis. Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have a reduced risk for new strokes than patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) G5 treated by dialysis (CKD G5D). However, the benefit of Kidney transplant on post-stroke hospitalization outcomes has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of hospitalization after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in KTRs and patients with CKD G5D. This retrospective study used patient data from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. From 2005 to 2018, patients hospitalized with AIS were classified into 3 groups, including KTRs (n = 1,833), patients with CKD G5D (n = 26,767), and those without CKD (CKD-free, n = 986,945). Patients with CKD G1–G4 or unspecified stage, and graft failure requiring dialysis were excluded. In-hospital mortality, medical complications, transfer to nursing homes, and length of stay (LOS) were compared. Compared to CKD-free group, KTRs had no significant higher risks for in-hospital mortality, transfer to nursing homes, and LOS, but a greater risk for medical complications after adjusting for relevant factors. CKD G5D group had higher risks for in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93–2.15), medical complications (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.45–1.54), and transfer to nursing homes (aOR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07–1.13), and a 0.07 day (95% CI: 0.06–0.08) longer LOS than CKD-free group. In conclusion, the outcomes of AIS hospitalization were more favorable in KTRs as compared with CKD G5D. Furthermore, the risks for in-hospital mortality, transfer to long-term care facilities, and LOS were not significantly different between KTRs and CKD-free patients.
Presence of an Overhead Goal Does Not Improve the Effectiveness of Jump Training
Authors: Akbaş Anna , Marszałek Wojciech , Król Henryk
Published: September 2022

Akbaş, A, Marszałek, W, and Król, H. Presence of an overhead goal does not improve the effectiveness of jump training. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): e280–e288, 2023—This study investigated the effectiveness of jump training with and without an overhead goal (OG) on a modified countermovement jump (CMJ) tested in a similar manner, with and without OG. Fifty-two men divided into 3 groups—trained with OG, trained without OG, and untrained—were examined: before the commencement of training; after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of training; and 2 weeks after the discontinuation of training. Each session consisted of 50 modified CMJ and was performed 3 times per week. Countermovement jump height, mean power, peak power, countermovement depth, and take-off phase time were quantified, and the statistical level was set at p < 0.05. Although the results showed the beneficial effect of OG on jump height (p < 0.01), the training with OG did not bring significantly better results than training without OG. In addition, the group trained without OG improved after 2 weeks in both testing conditions (with and without OG), whereas the group trained with OG improved after 2 weeks when tested with OG and only after 6 weeks when tested without OG. We believe the use of OG in jump training may be detrimental when the OG is withdrawn from the testing procedure because of its strong motivational and feedback features. Consequently, athletes in disciplines which require them to jump toward an object located over their head during a game, e.g., a ball or crossbar, should be tested with the presence of OG. Despite this, OG is still an important factor in maximizing jump performance.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate Drainage Effectiveness in a French Drainage System: A Full-Scale In Situ Study
Authors: An Jinwoo , Copeland Timothy , Nam Boo Hyun
Published: September 2022

The in situ/full-scale performance of recycled (or reclaimed) concrete aggregate (RCA) as a pipe bedding and backfill material of a French drainage system is investigated in this paper. The project’s purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of full-scale French drainages in the field for long-term exfiltration drainage. Four French drains were built with a distinct material condition, namely, limestone, RCA “as is,” RCA with 2 % more particles, and RCA with 4 % more particles. The exfiltration subdrainage performance of each RCA French drainage system was evaluated using laboratory and field experiments. For a period of 12 months in the field, the flow rate and discharge rate of those drainage systems were tracked and quantified to establish the average permittivity of each trench. The laboratory testing program included exfiltration testing of nonwoven fabric (geotextiles) and RCA material characterization. After the 12-month period, geotextiles from each of the RCA French drainage systems were taken out and the average permittivity was measured. The findings indicate that the permeability of the surrounding soils and the existing groundwater table are the two most important elements impacting the subdrainage performance (exfiltration) of French drain systems. Notably, the type of aggregate (e.g., RCA or limestone) has a minimal impact on their exfiltration effectiveness. In conclusion, using RCA as a subdrainage material does not cause a substantial reduction in drainage system exfiltration performance compared with natural aggregate (limestone).
Interannual variability of ozone fluxes in a broadleaf deciduous forest in Italy
Authors: Gerosa Giacomo A. , Marzuoli Riccardo , Finco Angelo
Published: September 2022

Multiannual measurements of ozone (O3) fluxes were performed from 2012 to 2020 in a broadleaf deciduous forest of the Po Valley, Italy. Fluxes were measured with the eddy covariance technique on a 41-m high tower, 15 m above the forest canopy. Different partition methodologies, based on concomitant water and carbon dioxide measurements, were compared for the calculation of the stomatal and non-stomatal components of the O3 fluxes. Total O3 fluxes revealed a marked interannual variability that was mainly driven by the stomatal activity in summer. Therefore, those factors that influence stomatal conductance were responsible for the flux variability, with soil water content being the main physiological driver. Despite the variability of the total O3 fluxes, the annual mean of the stomatal fraction was similar in the different years, around 42% on a 24-h basis, with an average summer value of 52% and a maximum around 60% during the summer daylight hours. The non-stomatal deposition was mainly driven by air humidity, surface wetness, and chemical sinks such as reaction of O3 with nitric oxide. Wind speed, turbulence intensity, and surface temperature showed a negative relationship with the non-stomatal fraction, but this was probably the result of a temporal misalignment between the daily cycles of non-stomatal conductance and those of temperature, turbulence, and wind speed. During the 7 years of measurements, the forest experienced a phytotoxic O3 dose of 10.55 mmolO3 m−2, as annual average, with an estimated reduction of the forest growth rate around 3% yr−1 according to the dose–effect relationships of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe for broadleaf deciduous forests. Besides their implication for the O3 risk assessment for vegetation, these long-term measurements could be useful to test the deposition models used to correctly assess the O3 budget in troposphere on a multiannual time span.
ACTH-independent production of 11-oxygenated androgens and glucocorticoids in an adrenocortical adenoma
Authors: Kitamura Takuya , Blinder Amy R , Nanba Kazutaka , Tsuiki Mika , Mishina Mutsuki , Okuno Hiroshi , Moriyoshi Koki , Yamazaki Yuto , Sasano Hironobu , Yoneyama Keisuke , Udager Aaron M , Rainey William E , Yasoda Akihiro , Satoh-Asahara Noriko , Tagami Tetsuya
Published: September 2022

Although excess production of androgens and glucocorticoids has often been observed in adrenocortical carcinomas, adrenocortical adenoma with such hormonal activity is rare. Herein, we report a 41-year-old woman who presented with hyperandrogenemia and mild autonomous cortisol secretion with an undetectable level of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Imaging demonstrated a 6 cm left adrenal tumor. The histologic diagnosis of the resected adrenal tumor was adrenocortical adenoma. Pre- and post-operative serum samples were used for steroid profiling with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). LC-MS/MS analysis of pre-operative serum revealed an abnormal buildup of steroid precursors and androgens. Importantly, circulating levels of 11-oxygenated androgens, including 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT) and 11-ketotestosterone (11KT), were highly elevated. Both androgen and glucocorticoid levels significantly decreased post-operatively. Immunohistochemical analysis of steroidogenic enzymes and cofactor protein supported the tumor's ability to directly produce 11OHT and 11KT. This study is the first to describe and characterize an adrenocortical adenoma that co-secretes glucocorticoids and 11-oxygenated androgens.

Significance statement

Due to its rarity, biochemical and histologic characteristics of androgen and glucocorticoid co-secreting adrenocortical adenomas are largely unknown. Herein, we report a case of adrenocortical adenoma that caused marked hyperandrogenemia and mild autonomous cortisol secretion. In this study, we investigated serum steroid profiles using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and histologic characteristics of the resected tumor. LC-MS/MS revealed highly elevated levels of 11-oxygenated androgens which have not been well studied in adrenal tumors. The expression patterns of steroidogenic enzymes determined by immunohistochemistry supported the results of steroid profiling and suggested the capacity of the tumor cells to produce 11-oxygenated androgens. Measurement of 11-oxygenated steroids should facilitate a better understanding of androgen-producing adrenocortical neoplasms.
Características clínicas, imagenológicas y de laboratorio de pacientes con COVID-19 según requerimiento de ingreso a UCI en Cali, Colombia
Authors: Ocampo Benavides Carmen Elisa , Morales Mónica , Cañón-Muñoz Martín , Pallares-Gutierrez Christian , López Karen Daniela , Fernández-Osorio Adrián
Published: September 2022

Introducción. Actualmente, hay pocos estudios en Latinoamérica sobre las características demográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio de pacientes con COVID-19 y con requerimiento de ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI).
Objetivo. Comparar las características sociodemográficas, clínicas, imagenológicas y de laboratorio de pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 atendidos en el servicio de urgencias de una clínica en Cali, Colombia, según requerimiento de ingreso a UCI.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de cohorte única realizado en 49 adultos con COVID-19 atendidos en el servicio de urgencias de un hospital de cuarto nivel de atención en Cali, Colombia, en marzo y abril de 2020, los cuales se dividieron en dos grupos: requerimiento de UCI (n=24) y no requerimiento de UCI (n=25). Se realizaron análisis bivariados para determinar las diferencias entre ambos grupos (pruebas de chi-2, exacta de Fisher, t de Student y U de Mann-Whitney), con un nivel de significancia de p<0.05.
Resultados. La edad promedio fue 53 años (DE=13) y 29 pacientes fueron hombres. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en las siguientes variables: edad promedio (UCI x̅=58 vs. No UCI x̅=49; p=0.020), presencia de diabetes (8 vs. 1; p=0.010), presencia de dificultad respiratoria (20 vs. 11; p=0.007), presencia uni o bilateral de áreas de consolidación (12 vs. 3; p=0.005), mediana del conteo de leucocitos (Med=7570/mm3 vs. Med=5130/mm3; p=0.0013), de neutrófilos (Med=5980/mm3 vs. Med=3450/mm3; p=0,0001) y linfocitos (Med=865/mm3 vs. Med=1400/mm3; p<0,0001), mediana de proteína C reactiva (Med=141,25mg/L vs. Med=27,95mg/L; p<0,001), ferritina (Med=1038ng/L vs. Med=542,5ng/L; p=0.0073) y lactato-deshidrogenasa (Med=391U/L vs, Med=248,5U/L, p=0,0014). Finalmente, 15 pacientes requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva, 2 presentaron extubación fallida, y en total, 5 fallecieron.
Conclusiones. Se observaron diferencias significativas en los valores de varios marcadores inflamatorios, daño celular y parámetros del hemograma entre los pacientes que requirieron admisión a la UCI y los que no, por lo que estas variables podrían emplearse para desarrollar herramientas que contribuyan a establecer el pronóstico de esta enfermedad.
Métodos combinados para incrementar la vida en anaquel de agua de coco obtenida de comercios no establecidos de la Ciudad de Puebla, México
Authors: Cabrera Trejo Yosselin Aglae , Cid Pérez Teresa Soledad , Hernández Carrananza Paola , Ruiz López Irving Israel , Ochoa Velasco Carlos Enrique
Published: September 2022

Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de métodos combinados para incrementar la vida en anaquel de agua de coco.
Métodos Agua de coco fue obtenida de comercios no establecidos en la Ciudad de Puebla, México. El agua de coco fue tratada con luz ultravioleta-C, vainillina o cinamaldehído y almacenada a 5 y 22°C. Se evaluó el efecto de estas tecnologías sobre el crecimiento microbiano de bacterias mesófilas aerobias, mohos y levaduras.
Resultados El tratamiento con luz ultravioleta-C redujo la carga microbiana de bacterias mesófilas aerobias y mohos y levaduras en 2.7 ± 0.01 y 3.1 ± 0.03 ciclos logarítmicos, respectivamente. Durante el almacenamiento del agua de coco, la combinación de luz ultravioleta-C, cinamaldehído y baja temperatura mantuvo una carga microbiana en ambos grupos de microorganismos por debajo de 10 UFC/mL durante 30 días.
Conclusión La aplicación de métodos combinados puede ser una alternativa a bajo costo para la conservación de agua de coco.
Control de larvas de aedes aegypti con extractos de allium sativum y annona muricata como larvicidas
Authors: Prada Ardila Ronald Alexis , Jiménez Umbarila Sergio Eduardo , Dussán Cárdenas Nelsy Maria , Corradine Mora Diego Tomas
Published: September 2022

Objetivo Evaluar el efecto larvicida en éter de petróleo de los extractos de Allium sativum (ajo) y Annona muricata (guanábana) sobre larvas en IV estadio de Aedes aegypti en condiciones de laboratorio.
Métodos Se realizaron diferentes bioensayos (tratamientos) en 6 concentraciones para Annona muricata y 7 concentraciones de Allium sativum, con cuatro repeticiones y un control. Se tuvo lecturas de mortalidad a las 2, 12, 24, 36 y 48 horas. Se validaron los datos obtenidos estadísticamente (corrección de Abbott y Análisis ANOVA). Además, se determinaron las concentraciones y tiempos letales para ambos extractos con un análisis Probit.
Resultados Se obtuvo que, en un periodo de 48 horas, el tratamiento de 500 ppm del extracto de Annona muricata logró una mortalidad del 97%, mientras que el tratamiento de 2000 ppm con Allium sativum logró alcanzar una mortalidad del 85%. El tiempo letal 50 (50% de mortalidad) para Annona muricata, se obtuvo en el tratamiento de 200 ppm antes de 24 horas, para el caso de Allium sativum fue en el tratamiento de 1200 ppm antes de 48 horas. Para el tiempo letal 90 (90% de mortalidad) para Annona muricata, se obtuvo en el tratamiento de 400 ppm antes de 40 horas. Para el caso de Allium sativum, el tiempo letal 90 no fue posible obtenerlo experimentalmente. Se determinó por medio de un modelo matemático lineal, que dio como resultado 51 horas.
Conclusión Ambas especies poseen efecto larvicida. Sin embargo, el extracto más eficiente y efectivo como larvicida es el de Annona muricata, lo que permite dar una alternativa natural, viable, económica y biodegradable para el control de larvas de esta especie.
Perfil de vitamina E en semillas de variedades de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) cultivadas y comercializadas en Costa Rica
Authors: Conejo-López Valery , Barboza-Barquero Luis , Azofeifa-Delgado Álvaro , Vargas-Ramírez Ester , Irías-Mata Andrea
Published: September 2022

Introducción. El arroz (Oryza sativa L.) es uno de los cereales más consumidos a nivel mundial, las subespecies índicas y japónicas son las más cultivadas. La vitamina E presente en el arroz posee alta actividad antioxidante que contribuye a extender la longevidad de sus semillas. Su cuantificación permite conocer el aporte nutricional respecto a esta vitamina. Objetivo. Analizar el perfil de vitamina E en semillas de las subespecies de arroz (O. sativa L.) índicas (comerciales registradas, aromáticas, promisorias en desarrollo) y japónicas, consumidas en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron veintisiete materiales cultivados en las regiones Chorotega y Brunca, Costa Rica, cosechados en 2020. Se cuantificó la vitamina E por cromatografía líquida de ultra-alta resolución acoplado a detección por masas de cuadrupolo triple con fuente de ionización química a presión atmosférica, en el Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas (CIGRAS), Universidad de Costa Rica, en 2021. Resultados. En el perfil de vitamina E se obtuvo un agrupamiento característico para las muestras japónicas, opuesto al presentado por las muestras índicas. Los compuestos mayoritarios fueron γ-tocotrienol, α-tocoferol y γ-tocoferol, el rango de concentración total de vitamina E fue de 5,50 a 33,20 μg g-1, donde la subespecie japónica fue la que reportó menor cantidad (6,30 – 8,80 μg g-1), mientras que la muestra Nayuribe, perteneciente a la subespecie índica comercial registrada obtuvo la concentración más alta (33,20 ± 7,40 μg g-1). Conclusión. Aunque las subvariedades analizadas son filogenéticamente de la misma especie, las diferencias significativas encontradas en el aporte nutricional de vitamina E pueden deberse a características intrínsecas de cada subespecie. El contenido significativamente alto de vitamina E de la muestra Nayuribe evidenció que es posible encontrar acervos para alto contenido de vitamina E entre las variedades analizadas.
Effects of bisphenol A on pancreas and thyroid gland of young and adult female Sprague Dawlеy rats
Authors: Yahia D. , Hamdy H. , Salem D. A. , Afifi S.
Published: September 2022

Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical involved in formation of plastic vessels, is one of the most widespread endocrine disrupting chemicals. The study was designed to investigate the effect of BPA on pancreas and thyroid gland of young and adult female Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were exposed to 330 mg/kg BPA orally every other day for 12 weeks; control rats were exposed orally to ethyl alcohol and corn oil. Samples were collected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks for hormonal, biochemical assays and histopathological examination. The insulin hormone in exposed young rats was decreased, but its level in adult ones was increased; the biochemical assay for blood sugar level showed a significant increase in young rats and decrease in adult ones. T3 hormone was increased in treated young and adult rats; T4 hormone was increased in treated adults, while calcium level was decreased in treated adult rats. The histopathological findings of pancreas revealed vacuolation in its endocrine parts in young rats, while in adult ones there was intralobular fatty infiltration - a typical picture of diabetes. The thyroid gland in treated young female rats showed increased cellularity of parafollicular cells; moreover there was parafollicular haemorrhage, and in adult ones - desquamation in lining epithelium of follicular cells. In conclusion, exposure of young and adult female rats to BPA resulted in changes in the pancreatic and thyroid gland cells manifested by morphological, hormonal and biochemical parameters.
Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of royal jelly collected from geographical regions with different climates in the north of Iran
Authors: Haji Mohammad F. , Koohsari H. , Hosseini Ghaboos S. H.
Published: September 2022

Royal jelly is one of the most important bee products. The biological activities of royal jelly can be influenced by various factors such as geographic origin, climatic conditions, vegetation. This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of royal jelly samples collected from beehives from different geographical regions including mountain, coastal and plain regions in northern Iran. Antibacterial activity of royal jelly samples against ten bacteria was determined using agar well diffusion method. The MIC and MBC of royal jelly samples were determined by the broth microdilution method. Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent and reaction with DPPH were used to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of royal jelly samples, respectively. The MIC of samples ranged from 0.78 to 12.5% and MBC - from 3.12 to 50%. Samples collected from mountain regions showed the highest antibacterial activity with MIC for Gram-positive bacteria from 0.78 to 1.56% and for Gram-negative bacteria: from 1.56 to 3.12%. The total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity in royal jelly samples of the mountain region was significantly higher than those from the two regions with other climates. The results of this study indicated that the climate of the geographic region of sampling location had an effect on the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of royal jelly which may be due to differences in plant vegetation and the origin of the flowers of bees.