bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural Flood Management in the Thames Basin: Building Evidence for What Will and Will Not Work
Authors: Mulligan Mark , van Soesbergen Arnout , Douglas Caitlin , Burke Sophia
Published: May 2023

This chapter is written primarily for those planning to implement, or wanting to evaluate the effectiveness of, natural flood management (NFM) interventions. To support evidence-based decision making, we describe applications of a range of spatial Policy Support Systems as well as the Eco:Actuary Investment Planner, which focuses on understanding the investment costs associated with different types and magnitudes of NFM. We also outline deployment of //Smart: monitoring equipment to evaluate existing NFM interventions. We focused on three types of NFM intervention – leaky debris dams, retention ponds and regenerative agriculture, all of which are deployed in the Thames Basin of the United Kingdom. In 2017, the UK government encouraged and funded NFM projects by community groups and local councils. This funding came with an obligation to monitor how well the interventions worked. However many organisations lacked the technical and/or financial capacity to undertake this monitoring within the financial constraints of the grant (most projects were <50 K GBP). Responding to this need, we developed novel, low-cost decision support tools, monitoring equipment and protocols which are described in Chap. 4. Here, in Chap. 12 we apply two of these tools: the Eco:Actuary Investment Planner and the FreeStation low-cost monitoring systems, in projects throughout the Thames Basin.
Giving Room to the River: A Nature-Based Solution for Flash Flood Hazards? The Brague River Case Study (France)
Authors: Piton Guillaume , Arfaoui Nabila , Gnonlonfin Amandine , Marchal Roxane , Moncoulon David , Douai Ali , Tacnet Jean-Marc
Published: May 2023

The Brague River basin (68 km2) is located on the French Mediterranean coast. It experiences a high risk of flash floods. The potential efficacy and efficiency of flood protection strategies based on green (Nature Based Solutions: NBS) or grey (civil-engineering) measures, as well as their co-benefits, are studied in this chapter. Two NBS flood alleviation strategies combine both small natural water retention areas, along with a widening of the river corridor. Two more classical grey scenarios were based on large wood-trapping racks, and another based on retention dams. This chapter synthesizes (i) the flood risk assessment; (ii) the estimation of total costs; (iii) how benefits related to each strategy were estimated. Benefits were evaluated with both a top-down method (avoided damages and transfer of valuations made elsewhere for co-benefits) and with a bottom-up approach surveying citizen willingness to pay. The cost-benefit analysis demonstrates that costs are higher than the avoided damage, and that co-benefits are much higher than avoided damage for most strategies and for both approaches. Depending on the number of household considered in the co-benefits valuation, the balance may reach higher benefits than costs for NBS strategies, though not for the grey solution based on large dams.
Glinščica for All: Exploring the Potential of NBS in Slovenia: Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Pengal Polona , Pagano Alessandro , Piton Guillaume , Kozinc Zdravko , Cokan Blaž , Šinkovec Zarja , Giordano Raffaele
Published: May 2023

Based on the highest pre-identified risk of flooding in the Glinščica catchment, our case study focused on identifying the benefits and opportunities of ecosystem services emerging from fully functioning ecosystems working as a natural assurance system arising from Nature-based solutions (NBS) through the implementation of a participatory approach. Together with our stakeholders we first, developed an NBS strategy for the Glinščica catchment and compared it to the business as usual, second, evaluated the ecosystem services provided by the simulated implementation of restoration and management measures selected and third, developed economic and financial instruments in the form of natural assurance schemes based on effective business models in the field of ecosystem services, green infrastructure and river restoration. This highlighted the importance of understanding the value of ecosystems in the long term. The participatory process was basically an iterative process in which expert studies formed the basis for stakeholder engagement on the one hand and the stakeholders’ perceptions and knowledge were shaping and directing the solutions on the other hand. Stakeholders eventually agreed that the developed strategy for water risk mitigation using NBSs in the Glinščica catchment is a viable alternative to existing grey infrastructure plans. However, the participatory process revealed several barriers to mainstreaming NBS and implementing an adaptive management approach in Slovenia, mostly in the governing and institutional systems. Through the participatory planning process, we built capacity and changed the perceptions of participating stakeholders regarding NBSs and their efficiency in providing multiple co-benefits in addition to the flood protection, which is usually the only function and benefit of grey measures.
Closing the Implementation Gap of NBS for Water Security: Developing an Implementation Strategy for Natural Assurance Schemes
Authors: Altamirano Mónica A. , de Rijke Hugo , Arellano Begoña , Nanu Florentina , Angulo Marice , Benítez Ávila Camilo , Dartée Kieran , Peña Karina , Mayor Beatriz , Pengal Polona , Scrieciu Albert
Published: May 2023

In the context of a climate and water crisis, and intensified by the Covid19 crisis awareness about the need to rethink our economic development paradigm has increased. Against this context the potential of Ecosystems and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) as important pieces of a new regenerative economic model and as important allies to mitigate water risks is being more and more recognised. Nevertheless, the implementation of NBS at system scale remains a challenge. In most cases NbS are still being implemented as pilot projects aside from mainstream procurement strategies. This book presents the conceptual frame to develop natural assurance schemes, as well as the tools and methods to bring these towards implementation. Following the Financing Framework for Water Security principles, this chapter has further tailored and developed additional elements to fit the innovative nature of NBS projects. NbS projects are characterised by important evidence gaps, such as the performance they can guarantee over time in terms of levels of service for and their expected cashflow and risk profiles. To fill these knowledge gaps, the chapter proposes a collaborative project preparation approach that enable transdisciplinary collaboration and the development of the full business case for investments in NBS for water security. In this chapter the basic methodological elements of this approach and the process required for its application are presented along with an illustration for the Medina del Campo Groundwater body (GWB) in Spain.
„Deutschland-Kompetenz“ an chinesischen Mittelschulen im Jangtse-Delta. Eine Bestandsaufnahme und Vorschläge für die Weiterentwicklung
Authors: Hu Chunchun , Yu Zhouming , Song Junyi
Published: May 2023

Im Beitrag werden repräsentative Daten aus 43 Mittel- und Berufsschulen im Jangtse-Delta (Stadt Shanghai und Provinzen Jiangsu, Zhejiang und Anhui) erhoben, um eine Bestandsaufnahme der „Deutschland-Kompetenz“ an chinesischen Schulen anhand dreier Komponenten einschließlich des Deutschunterrichts, der Deutschland betreffenden Kenntnisse und des Austauschs mit Deutschland zu ermitteln. Zum Schluss werden auf der Grundlage des Status quo und der bestehenden Probleme Vorschläge zur Verbesserung der „Deutschland-Kompetenz“ an chinesischen Schulen formuliert.
Das Dilemma von „China“: Die Beziehungen von „innen“ und „außen“ im Lichte der neuzeitlichen Geschichte Chinas
Authors: Ge Zhaoguang
Published: May 2023

Der Beitrag setzt sich mit dem sogenannten „dreifachen Dilemma von China“ auseinander, das sich aus den zentrifugalen Bestrebungen seiner Nachbarn, dem Einfluss der modernen westlichen Strömung und der internen Identität der verschiedenen ethnischen Gruppen und Regionen ergibt. Aus der historischen Perspektive, die im China der Song-Dynastie eine Entwicklung vom Imperium zu einem begrenzten Staat und in den nachfolgenden Dynastien Yuan, Ming und Qing eine Entwicklung zu einem multiethnischen Imperium in einem sich verändernden internationalen Umfeld sieht, wird für eine Bekennung Chinas zur gemeinsamen Zivilisation und Weltordnung argumentiert.
Es war eine intensive Zeit
Authors: Hu Chunchun
Published: May 2023

In der Regierungszeit der deutschen Bundeskanzlerin Merkel (2005–2021) zeichnete sich eine „Sonderbeziehung“ zwischen China und Deutschland ab, deren Wesen sich schwer mit einer kohärenten Bestimmung wiedergeben lässt. Es existierten vielmehr verschiedene, sektoral dominierende Diskurse, durch die das zwar ambivalente, aber auch effiziente und respektvolle Miteinander zwischen beiden Ländern gestaltet wird. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung steht weniger die wissenschaftlich-analytische Ausarbeitung der diplomatischen Beziehungen als der Versuch, die sogenannten „gefühlten Temperaturen“ zwischen China und Deutschland zu ermitteln. Dies bedeutet eine Schwerpunktsetzung zugunsten der „Wahrnehmungen“ aus dem besagten Zeitraum, d. h., vor allem das Emotionale in Bezug auf die chinesisch-deutschen Beziehungen erhält mehr Relevanz.
Biomarker Indicators of Cold Seeps
Authors: Guan Hongxiang , Liu Lei , Wu Nengyou , Li Sanzhong
Published: May 2023

Lipid biomarkers of seep carbonates and sediments retrieved from the Dongsha area, Shenhu, Site F and Haima in the South China Sea (SCS) over the last two decades were studied. Biomarker inventories, microbial consortia, seepage dynamics, and biogeochemical processes of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), aerobic oxidation of methane (AeOM), and oxidation of non-methane hydrocarbons, were reconstructed. Authigenic carbonates contained varying contents of 13C-depleted archaeal and bacterial biomarkers, reflecting their formation as a result of AOM under varying conditions. Except for the typical isoprenoids found in various cold seeps worldwide, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl hexadecan-1,3-diol and two novel sn2-/sn3-O-hydroxyphytanyl glycerol monoethers with notable 13C-depletion were observed in authigenic carbonates obtained from Haima, which are most likely hydrolysis products of archaea-specific diethers. Furthermore, molecular fossils, compound-specific δ13C values, and mineralogies, were used to trace dominant microbial consortia, seepage activities, and environmental conditions in the cold seep ecosystems of the SCS. In this chapter, the archaeal and bacterial lipid biomarker geochemistry of methane seeps is systematically introduced. AOM, AeOM, oxidation of non-methane hydrocarbons, oil degradation, and the diagenetic fate of glycerol ethers, are further summarized.
In Situ Detection and Seafloor Observation of the Site F Cold Seep
Authors: Zhang Xin , Luan Zhendong , Du Zengfeng
Published: May 2023

The in situ detection and seafloor observation of the Site F cold seep began after its discovery. Research on deep−sea cold seep systems often begins with descriptions of topography and geomorphology. The earliest platform for topographic and geomorphologic exploration was the scientific expedition vessel. With the development of underwater vehicles, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and remote operated vehicles (ROVs) have become platforms for geophysical exploration of the seafloor. Thus, the spatial resolution of exploration has also been enhanced to the centimeter level. At the same time, sampling and in situ detection technology have gradually become the main research methods for cold seep systems. Based on the obtained samples and in situ data, research on the geochemistry and bioecology of cold seep systems has been carried out. Many technologies have been developed and may be used to promote the limit of detection of spectral−based methods to broaden the application range. Long−term detection for in situ experiments with specific scientific targets under natural cold seep environments is another trend for detection and observation in cold seep areas.
Distribution, Variability of Seeps
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: May 2023

Various cold seep systems and related gas hydrate accumulations have been discovered in the South China Sea over the past two decades. Based on high-resolution seismic data, subbottom profiles, in-situ observations, deep drilling and coring, and hydrate gas geochemical analysis, the geological and geophysical characteristics of these cold seep systems and their associated gas hydrate accumulations in the Qiongdongnan Basin, Shenhu area and Dongsha area in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, Taixinan Basin, and Beikang Basin were investigated. Cold seep systems are present at different stages of evolution and exhibit various seabed microgeomorphic, geological, and geochemical features. Active cold seep systems with notable gas leakage, gas plumes, and microbial communities and inactive cold seep systems with authigenic carbonate pavements are related to the variable intensity of the gas-bearing fluid, which is usually derived from deep strata through mud volcanoes, mud diapirs, gas chimneys, and faults. This indicates a paragenetic relationship between the gas-bearing fluid and the seafloor morphology of cold seeps and deep-shallow coupling of gas hydrates, cold seeps, and deep petroleum reservoirs in the South China Sea.
Stable Isotope Signatures of Authigenic Minerals from Methane Seeps
Authors: Gong Shanggui , Peckmann Jörn , Feng Dong
Published: May 2023

Authigenic minerals forming at marine seeps constitute an excellent archive of past methane seepage and biogeochemical processes. Over the past two decades, authigenic carbonate and sulfur-bearing minerals from methane seeps of the South China Sea (SCS) have been widely investigated, providing insight into fluid sources and seepage dynamics and facilitating the establishment of geochemical proxies to trace sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (SD-AOM). Authigenic carbonates from all seep sites in the SCS commonly exhibit low δ13C and high δ18O values, confirming the incorporation of methane-derived carbon and oxygen from a pore water pool probably affected by gas hydrate dissociation. Pyrite is a common authigenic mineral at methane seeps, also forming at low methane flux where authigenic carbonate tends to be absent. The identification of methane seepage and SD-AOM activity consequently benefited from the advancement of sulfur isotope geochemistry, particularly from in situ measurements of δ34Spyrite values using nanoSIMS and multiple sulfur isotopes. Quantification of carbon and sulfur fluxes in the course of SD-AOM in modern and ancient marine sedimentary environments remains challenging, highlighting the need for more field-based research and modeling work. Furthermore, other elemental cycles and biogeochemical processes at methane seeps archived in authigenic minerals, such as nitrogen-based metabolisms, remain largely unknown. We highlight that SCS seeps are fascinating natural laboratories to better understand methane-driven biogeochemical processes and their signatures in authigenic minerals, representing a rewarding but also challenging object of research in the field of geomicrobiology.
Novel concept for posterior crossbite correction
Authors: Wiechmann Dirk
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The efficiency of dentoalveolar compensation involving both jaws for posterior crossbite correction using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) expansion and compression archwires was evaluated. Treatment outcome was tested against the null hypothesis that the transverse correction achieved would be significantly smaller than planned.

Methods

This retrospective study included 64 patients (mean age 23.5 years, median 17.0, minimum/maximum: 9.0/63.0, standard deviation 13.7) with uni- or bilateral posterior crossbite. In all consecutively debonded patients, expansion and/or compression archwires were used for dentoalveolar correction involving both jaws. Plaster casts prior to (T1) and following treatment (T2) with completely customized lingual appliances (CCLA) were compared with the treatment plan represented by an individual target set-up. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Schuirmann TOST (two one-sided t‑tests) equivalence test on the basis of a one-sample t‑test with α = 0.025 to one side. The non-inferiority margin was set at δ = 0.5 mm.

Results

All posterior crossbites could be corrected by dentoalveolar compensation involving both jaws. The mean total correction achieved was 6.9 mm (mean maxillary expansion: 4.3 mm/mean mandibular compression: 2.6 mm) with a maximum of 12.8 mm. The transverse corrections achieved in both arches at T2 were equivalent to the planned corrections in the set-up (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that CAD/CAM expansion and compression archwires can be an efficient tool to achieve the desired correction in patients with a posterior crossbite even in more severe cases.
Motor-kognitives Risikosyndrom – Weichenstellung für die Demenzprävention?
Authors: Theobald Paula , Herold Fabian , Gronwald Thomas , Müller Notger G.
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund

Der prognostizierte starke Anstieg demenzieller Erkrankungen wird auch das deutsche Gesundheitssystem vor große Herausforderungen stellen. In diesem Zusammenhang haben präventive Maßnahmen bei Personen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für eine spätere Demenz eine herausragende Bedeutung. In der englischsprachigen Literatur hat sich diesbezüglich das Konzept des motor-kognitiven Risikosyndroms (MCR) etabliert, welches in Deutschland bisher noch kaum Verbreitung gefunden hat.

Fragestellung

Was sind die Charakteristika und Diagnostikkriterien des MCR? Welche Auswirkung hat das MCR auf gesundheitsrelevante Parameter? Welche Evidenz liegt hinsichtlich der Risikofaktoren und der Prävention des MCR vor?

Material und Methode

Die englischsprachige Literatur wurde in Bezug auf das MCR, dessen Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren sowie auf Zusammenhänge mit der leichten kognitiven Störung (MCI) und dem zentralen Nervensystem analysiert.

Ergebnisse

Das MCR ist durch eine subjektive kognitive Beeinträchtigung und eine verlangsamte Ganggeschwindigkeit gekennzeichnet. Im Vergleich zu gesunden älteren Erwachsenen weisen Erwachsene mit dem MCR neben einem erhöhten Demenzrisiko auch ein erhöhtes Sturz- und Mortalitätsrisiko auf. Modifizierbare Risikofaktoren bieten einen Anknüpfungspunkt für gezielte lebensstilbezogene Präventionsmaßnahmen.

Schlussfolgerung

Aufgrund der praxisorientierten Diagnostik könnte sich das MCR auch im deutschsprachigen Raum als ein wichtiges Konzept zur Früherkennung von Personen mit einem erhöhten Demenzrisiko erweisen, wenngleich weitere Forschung notwendig ist, um diese Annahme empirisch abzusichern.
Simultaneity in binary outcome models with an application to employment for couples
Authors: Honoré Bo E. , Hu Luojia , Kyriazidou Ekaterini , Weidner Martin
Published: May 2023

Two of Peter Schmidt’s many contributions to econometrics have been to introduce a simultaneous logit model for bivariate binary outcomes and to study estimation of dynamic linear fixed effects panel data models using short panels. In this paper, we study a dynamic panel data version of the bivariate model introduced in Schmidt and Strauss (Econometrica 43:745–755, 1975) that allows for lagged dependent variables and fixed effects as in Ahn and Schmidt (J Econom 68:5–27, 1995). We combine a conditional likelihood approach with a method of moments approach to obtain an estimation strategy for the resulting model. We apply this estimation strategy to a simple model for the intra-household relationship in employment. Our main conclusion is that the within-household dependence in employment differs significantly by the ethnicity composition of the couple even after one allows for unobserved household specific heterogeneity.
Anharmonicity and quantum nuclear effects in theoretical vibrational spectroscopy: a molecular tale of two cities
Authors: Conte Riccardo , Aieta Chiara , Botti Giacomo , Cazzaniga Marco , Gandolfi Michele , Lanzi Cecilia , Mandelli Giacomo , Moscato Davide , Ceotto Michele
Published: May 2023

Anharmonic effects due to the shape of the molecular potential energy surface far from the equilibrium geometry are major responsible for the deviations of the actual frequencies of vibration from the harmonic estimates. However, anharmonic effects are not the solely responsible for this. Quantum nuclear effects also play a prominent role in theoretical vibrational spectroscopy as they contribute to drive away the molecular vibrational frequencies from their harmonic counterpart. The consequence of this is that anharmonicity and quantum effects may be difficult to separate spectroscopically and get often confused. In this work we show that anharmonicity can be detected by means of classical simulations, while quantum nuclear effects need to be identified by means of an approach originating from either the time independent or the time dependent Schroedinger equation of quantum mechanics. We show that classical methods are sensitive to the temperature or energy conditions under which they are undertaken. This leads to wrong frequency estimates, when dealing with few-Kelvin experiments, if one performs simulations simply matching the experimental temperature. Conversely, quantum approaches are not affected by this issue and they provide more and better information.
Modulation of H-reflex and V-wave responses during dynamic balance perturbations
Authors: Nevanperä Samuli , Hu Nijia , Walker Simon , Avela Janne , Piirainen Jarmo M.
Published: May 2023

Motoneuron excitability is possible to measure using H-reflex and V-wave responses. However, it is not known how the motor control is organized, how the H-reflex and V-wave responses modulate and how repeatable these are during dynamic balance perturbations. To assess the repeatability, 16 participants (8 men, 8 women) went through two, identical measurement sessions with ~ 48 h intervals, where maximal isometric plantar flexion (IMVC) and dynamic balance perturbations in horizontal, anterior–posterior direction were performed. Soleus muscle (SOL) neural modulation during balance perturbations were measured at 40, 70, 100 and 130 ms after ankle movement by using both H-reflex and V-wave methods. V-wave, which depicts the magnitude of efferent motoneuronal output (Bergmann et al. in JAMA 8:e77705, 2013), was significantly enhanced as early as 70 ms after the ankle movement. Both the ratio of M-wave-normalized V-wave (0.022–0.076, p < 0.001) and H-reflex (0.386–0.523, p < 0.001) increased significantly at the latency of 70 ms compared to the latency of 40 ms and remained at these levels at latter latencies. In addition, M-wave normalized V-wave/H-reflex ratio increased from 0.056 to 0.179 (p < 0.001). The repeatability of V-wave demonstrated moderate-to-substantial repeatability (ICC = 0.774–0.912) whereas the H-reflex was more variable showing fair-to-substantial repeatability (ICC = 0.581–0.855). As a conclusion, V-wave was enhanced already at 70 ms after the perturbation, which may indicate that increased activation of motoneurons occurred due to changes in descending drive. Since this is a short time-period for voluntary activity, some other, potentially subcortical responses might be involved for V-wave increment rather than voluntary drive. Our results addressed the usability and repeatability of V-wave method during dynamic conditions, which can be utilized in future studies.
Do hearing loss interventions prevent dementia?
Authors: Dawes Piers , Völter Christiane
Published: May 2023

Hearing loss has been identified as a potentially modifiable risk for dementia. This discussion paper reviews studies examining the impact of hearing loss interventions on cognitive decline and incident cognitive impairment, identified the challenges for research on the cognitive impacts of hearing interventions, and the likely benefits of hearing interventions for healthy aging and mental well-being.
Integration of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in heart failure
Authors: Sopic Miron , Robinson Emma L. , Emanueli Costanza , Srivastava Prashant , Angione Claudio , Gaetano Carlo , Condorelli Gianluigi , Martelli Fabio , Pedrazzini Thierry , Devaux Yvan ,   EU-CardioRNA COST Action CA17129 and EU-AtheroNET COST Action CA21153
Published: May 2023

The number of “omics” approaches is continuously growing. Among others, epigenetics has appeared as an attractive area of investigation by the cardiovascular research community, notably considering its association with disease development. Complex diseases such as cardiovascular diseases have to be tackled using methods integrating different omics levels, so called “multi-omics” approaches. These approaches combine and co-analyze different levels of disease regulation. In this review, we present and discuss the role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating gene expression and provide an integrated view of how these mechanisms are interlinked and regulate the development of cardiac disease, with a particular attention to heart failure. We focus on DNA, histone, and RNA modifications, and discuss the current methods and tools used for data integration and analysis. Enhancing the knowledge of these regulatory mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic approaches and biomarkers for precision healthcare and improved clinical outcomes.
Pleiotropic effects of NOACs with focus on edoxaban: scientific findings and potential clinical implications
Authors: Goette Andreas , Mollenhauer Martin , Rudolph Volker , Lamparter Mathias , Meier Martin , Böhm Michael
Published: May 2023

Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are well-established as inhibitors of factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin in the treatment and prevention of thrombosis. However, there is growing evidence that beneficial outcomes might be based on additional pleiotropic effects beyond anticoagulation. FXa and thrombin are also known to activate protease-activated receptors (PARs), which can mediate pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects. Since PAR‑1 and PAR‑2 play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, the inhibition of this pathway represents an interesting potential target for preventing the progression of atherosclerosis and fibrosis. This review focuses on potential pleiotropic effects of FXa inhibition with edoxaban seen in a variety of studies in different in vitro and in vivo test systems. As common findings from these experiments, edoxaban was able to attenuate FXa- and thrombin-induced pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In some, but not all experiments edoxaban was also shown to decrease the levels of PAR‑1 and PAR‑2 expression. Further studies are required to clarify the clinical implications of the pleiotropic effects mediated by NOACs.
Machine learning-based gait anomaly detection using a sensorized tip: an individualized approach
Authors: Otamendi Janire , Zubizarreta Asier , Portillo Eva
Published: May 2023

Lower limb motor impairment affects greatly the autonomy and quality of life of those people suffering from it. Recent studies have shown that an appropriate rehabilitation can significantly improve their condition, but, for this purpose, it is essential to know the patient’s functional state and to be able to detect any changes that occur in it as soon as possible. Traditionally, standardized clinical scales have been used to make that assessment, however, as the number of patients to be assessed is high, assessment frequency is usually low. In response to this problem, the aim of the present work is to design a new personalized methodology for developing a Machine Learning-based gait anomaly detector that is able to detect significant changes in the functional state of patients based on data provided by a sensorized tip; a system that will serve as support for the therapist who is treating the monitored patient’s case. Taking into account the variability that exists among patients, the proposed design focuses on an individualized approach, so that the system characterizes the state change of each patient case only on his/her own data. Once developed, the proposed methodology has been validated in ten healthy people of different complexions, achieving an average accuracy of 87.5%. Finally, five case studies have been analyzed, in which data from five multiple sclerosis patients have been captured and studied, obtaining an average accuracy of 82.5%.
45 years German Society of Biological Psychiatry (DGBP)
Authors: Riederer P. , Kircher T. , Juckel G. , Domschke K. , Schneider A. , Deckert J. , Falkai P.
Published: May 2023

The foundation of a German Society of Biological Psychiatry (DGBP) was initiated at the Second World Congress of Biological Psychiatry of the WFSBP in Barcelona in 1978. Its mission was and is to promote interdisciplinary research on the biology of mental disorders and to translate results of biological research into clinical practice. During the presidency of Peter Falkai, its tasks were defined to improve the quality and support of biologically oriented research in Germany by the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; German Research Foundation), BMBF (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung) and EU (European Union), to promote young researchers doing biologically oriented research, to improve on the diagnosis and therapy of mental disorders and to advise policy makers by taking part in legal processes. The DGBP has been a corporate member of the WFSBP from its beginning, became a cooperative member of the DGPPN (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde), later of the German Brain Council, and fostered relationships with other scientific societies. Over the past 45 years, more than twenty congresses were held in Germany and neighboring countries. Emerging from the pandemic, the DGBP is ready to continue its mission to promote interdisciplinary research on the biology of mental disorders with a focus on the development of young scientists and to translate results of biological research into clinical practice, with regard to pharmacotherapy in close cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP). In this sense, this article also aims to stimulate the cooperation of the society with other national and international partners and to foster new relationships with young scientists and professionals interested in the aims and goals of the DGBP.
In vitro evaluation of different protective techniques to reduce titanium particle contamination during implantoplasty
Authors: Platt A. , Liu C. C. , Gubler A. , Naenni N. , Thoma D. , Schmidlin P. R.
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Our aim is to study titanium remains in a bone model during standardized implantoplasty under different isolation and protective modalities.

Material and methods

Forty implants were placed in artificial spongy bone blocks mimicking a horizontal bone loss and implant neck protrusion of 5 mm. Samples were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10), which were treated as follows: rubber dam (A), a dental adhesive paste (B), bone wax (C), and an unprotected positive control (D). Implantoplasty was performed using carbide and diamond burs under strict water cooling and standardized suction. After removal of the respective isolation materials, the bone blocks were thoroughly rinsed with tap water for 3 min and titanium chips were collected using a filter integrated in the model. The filter paper was removed and dissolved in 37% hydrochloric acid for 2 h at 120 °C and the titanium remnants were quantified using atomic absorption spectrometry.

Results

None of the test groups were able to completely prevent titanium particle contamination. Rubber dam (691 ± 249 µg) and bone wax (516 ± 157 µg) were found to be significantly more protective than the positive control (2313 ± 747 µg) (p < 0.001) with respect to the amount of titanium particles that remained in the bone model after implantoplasty. The adhesive paste group (1863.5 ± 538 µg) was not significantly different from the positive control (p = 0.19).

Conclusions

Despite some limitations of the present study, titanium particles resulting from a standardized implantoplasty can be assumed to be significantly reduced when the tissues/bone were protected with rubber dam and bone wax, or a combination, depending on individual accessibility.

Clinical relevance

Tissue protective measures to reduce or avoid particle contamination during implantoplasty is possible and should be considered and further clinically assessed to avoid iatrogenic inflammatory reactions.
Carbon sequestration potential and the multiple functions of Nordic grasslands
Authors: Norderhaug Ann , Clemmensen Karina E. , Kardol Paul , Thorhallsdottir Anna Gudrun , Aslaksen Iulie
Published: May 2023

Grasslands are important carbon sinks, but the underlying processes for their soil carbon sequestration potential are still not well understood, despite much attention given to this topic. In Europe, grasslands, especially semi-natural grasslands, are also important for promoting biodiversity. Moreover, recent global reports have highlighted the importance of biodiversity in supporting climate actions. In boreal and alpine regions in the Nordic countries, grasslands also play an important role in milk and meat production and food security. Certain grassland features and management practices may enhance their soil carbon sequestration potential. Semi-natural grasslands maintained by optimized livestock grazing are vital for aboveground biodiversity and show promise for belowground biodiversity and carbon sequestration potential. It is essential to assess the multiple functions of grasslands, particularly semi-natural grasslands, to facilitate the optimization of policy measures across policy areas. Climate and biodiversity policies should not counteract each other, as some do today. This essay addresses the multiple functions of grasslands and calls for more knowledge about carbon sequestration in Nordic grasslands. This will enable the management of these ecosystems to align with climate mitigation, maintain biodiversity, and satisfy the global need for increased food supply.
Framing self-sacrifice in the investigation of moral judgment and moral emotions in human and autonomous driving dilemmas
Authors: Bruno Giovanni , Spoto Andrea , Lotto Lorella , Cellini Nicola , Cutini Simone , Sarlo Michela
Published: May 2023

In the investigation of moral judgments of autonomous vehicles (AVs), the paradigm of the sacrificial dilemma is a widespread and flexible experimental tool. In this context, the sacrifice of the AV’s passenger typically occurs upon enactment of the utilitarian option, which differs from traditional sacrificial dilemmas, in which the moral agent’s life is often jeopardized in the non-utilitarian counterpart. The present within-subject study (n = 183) is aimed at deepening the role of self-sacrifice framing, comparing autonomous- and human-driving text-based moral dilemmas in terms of moral judgment and intensity of four moral emotions (shame, guilt, anger, and disgust). A higher endorsement of utilitarian behavior was observed in human-driving dilemmas and for self-protective utilitarian behaviors. Interestingly, the utilitarian option was considered less moral, shameful, and blameworthy in the case of concurrent self-sacrifice. The present study collects novel information on how different levels of driving automation shape moral judgment and emotions, also providing new evidence on the role of self-sacrifice framing in moral dilemmas.
The dynamic construction of an incubation context: a practice theory perspective
Authors: van Erkelens Amba Maria , Thompson Neil Aaron , Chalmers Dominic
Published: May 2023

To deepen theory on the interplay between entrepreneurship and context, recent scholarship calls for more understanding on how entrepreneurs and stakeholders collectively do “contexts.” In this study, we examine how a dynamic and flexible incubation context is constructed by joint efforts between entrepreneurs and incubator management. Findings from a 4-month ethnography point to four practices—onboarding, gathering, lunching, and feedbacking—through which entrepreneurs and incubator management maintain a productive balance between agency and structure on a daily basis. These findings have several theoretical implications for theory on incubation processes and the entrepreneurship-context nexus.
Preparation and characterization of rare earth element nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic degradation
Authors: El-Kholy Rasha A. , Isawi Heba , Zaghlool Ehab , Soliman Elsayed A. , Khalil Mostafa M. H. , Said Moustafa M. , El-Aassar Abd-elhameed M.
Published: May 2023

The present work focuses on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) on erbium ion (Er3+) doped TiO2 under visible light. Pure TiO2 nanoparticles and erbium (Er3+) doped TiO2 nanocomposite (Er3+/TiO2) NCs were synthesized using the sol–gel method. The synthesized (Er3+/TiO2) NCs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), elementary dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), specific surface area (BET), zeta potential, and particle size. Different parameters were used to study their efficiency for the photoreactor (PR) and the synthesized catalyst. These parameters include pH of the feed solution, the rate of flow, the presence of an oxidizing agent (aeration pump), different ratios of nanoparticles, the amount of catalyst, and the concentrations of pollutants. An example of an organic contaminant was the dye methylene blue (MB). The result achieved using the synthesized nanoparticles (I) under ultraviolet light pure TiO2 was found to have degraded by 85%. For (Er3+/TiO2) NCs under visible light, dye removal increased with pH to a maximum of 77% degradation at pH 5. Furthermore, photocatalytic efficiency improves to 80% at 40 rpm (3 l/h) low motor speed. The degradation efficiency decreased to 70% when the MB concentration was increased from 5 to 30 mg/L. When oxygen content was increased using an air pump, and deterioration reached 85% under visible light, it improved performance.
Unraveling effects of anti-aging drugs on C. elegans using liposomes
Authors: Zhang Aihan , Hsiung Kuei Ching , Kern Carina C. , Wang Yuting , Girtle Anna L. , Xu Nuo , Gems David
Published: May 2023

Liposome-mediated delivery is a possible means to overcome several shortcomings with C. elegans as a model for identifying and testing drugs that retard aging. These include confounding interactions between drugs and the nematodes’ bacterial food source and failure of drugs to be taken up into nematode tissues. To explore this, we have tested liposome-mediated delivery of a range of fluorescent dyes and drugs in C. elegans. Liposome encapsulation led to enhanced effects on lifespan, requiring smaller quantities of compounds, and enhanced uptake of several dyes into the gut lumen. However, one dye (Texas red) did not cross into nematode tissues, showing that liposomes cannot ensure the uptake of all compounds. Of six compounds previously reported to extend lifespan (vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine, glutathione (GSH), trimethadione, thioflavin T (ThT), and rapamycin), this effect was reproduced for the latter four in a condition-dependent manner. For GSH and ThT, antibiotics abrogated life extension, implying a bacterially mediated effect. With GSH, this was attributable to reduced early death from pharyngeal infection and associated with alterations of mitochondrial morphology in a manner suggesting a possible innate immune training effect. By contrast, ThT itself exhibited antibiotic effects. For rapamycin, significant increases in lifespan were only seen when bacterial proliferation was prevented. These results document the utility and limitations of liposome-mediated drug delivery for C. elegans. They also illustrate how nematode-bacteria interactions can determine the effects of compounds on C. elegans lifespan in a variety of ways.
Comparative evaluation of three commercially available markerless depth sensors for close-range use in surgical simulation
Authors: Burger Lukas , Sharan Lalith , Karl Roger , Wang Christina , Karck Matthias , De Simone Raffaele , Wolf Ivo , Romano Gabriele , Engelhardt Sandy
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Minimally invasive surgeries have restricted surgical ports, demanding a high skill level from the surgeon. Surgical simulation potentially reduces this steep learning curve and additionally provides quantitative feedback. Markerless depth sensors show great promise for quantification, but most such sensors are not designed for accurate reconstruction of complex anatomical forms in close-range.

Methods

This work compares three commercially available depth sensors, namely the Intel D405, D415, and the Stereolabs Zed-Mini in the range of 12–20 cm, for use in surgical simulation. Three environments are designed that closely mimic surgical simulation, comprising planar surfaces, rigid objects, and mitral valve models of silicone and realistic porcine tissue. The cameras are evaluated on Z-accuracy, temporal noise, fill rate, checker distance, point cloud comparisons, and visual inspection of surgical scenes, across several camera settings.

Results

The Intel cameras show sub-mm accuracy in most static environments. The D415 fails in reconstructing valve models, while the Zed-Mini provides lesser temporal noise and higher fill rate. The D405 could reconstruct anatomical structures like the mitral valve leaflet and a ring prosthesis, but performs poorly for reflective surfaces like surgical tools and thin structures like sutures.

Conclusion

If a high temporal resolution is needed and lower spatial resolution is acceptable, the Zed-Mini is the best choice, whereas the Intel D405 is the most suited for close-range applications. The D405 shows potential for applications like deformable registration of surfaces, but is not yet suitable for applications like real-time tool tracking or surgical skill assessment.
A retrospective study of locally advanced cervical cancer cases treated with CT-based 3D-IGBT compared with 2D-IGBT
Authors: Kinoshita Toshifumi , Takahashi Shigeo , Anada Masahide , Nishide Takamasa , Kanenishi Kenji , Kawada Akinori , Shibata Toru
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To retrospectively review locally advanced cervical cancer (CC) cases treated with three-dimensional image-guided brachytherapy (3D-IGBT) and two-dimensional (2D)-IGBT.

Materials and Methods

Patients with Stage IB–IVa CC who underwent intracavitary irradiation between 2007 and 2021 were divided into the 3D-IGBT and 2D-IGBT groups. Local control (LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and gastrointestinal toxicity (G3 or more) were investigated at 2/3 years post-treatment.

Results

Seventy-one patients in the 2D-IGBT group from 2007 to 2016 and 61 patients in the 3D-IGBT group from 2016–2021 were included in the study. The median follow-up period was 72.7 (4.6–183.9) months in the 2D-IGBT group and 30.0 (4.2–70.5) months in the 3D-IGBT group. The median age was 65.0 (40–93) years in the 2D-IGBT group and 60.0 (28–87) years in the 3D-IGBT group, but there was no difference in FIGO stage, histology, or tumor size between the groups. In treatment, the median A point dose was 56.1 (40.0–74.0) Gy in the 2D-IGBT group and 64.0 (52.0–76.8) Gy in the 3D-IGBT group (P < 0.0001), and the proportion of patients who underwent chemotherapy more than five times was 54.3% in the 2D-IGBT group and 80.8% in the 3D-IGBT group (P = 0.0004). The 2/3-year LC, DMFS, PFS, and OS rates were 87.3%/85.5%, 77.4%/65.0%, 69.9%/59.9%, and 87.9%/77.9% in the 2D-IGBT group, and 94.2%/94.2%, 81.8%/81.8%, 80.5%/80.5%, and 91.6%/83.0% in the 3D-IGBT group, respectively. A significant difference was observed in PFS (P = 0.02). There was no difference in gastrointestinal toxicity, but there were four intestinal perforations in the patients from the 3D-IGBT group, three of whom had a history of bevacizumab treatment.

Conclusion

The 2/3-year LC of the 3D-IGBT group was excellent and PFS also tended to improve. Care should be taken with concomitant use of bevacizumab after radiotherapy.
Use of tree species by three species of Magicicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in an Appalachian forest
Authors: Perkovich Cindy , Ward David
Published: May 2023

Periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) are endemic to deciduous forests in the eastern United States. In successional forests, they must partition resources such as host trees to coexist. We measured tree size, emergence holes, oviposition scar bundles, and chorusing center abundances of Magicicada species on 12 common tree species in a deciduous forest to understand host-tree use. We predicted that the abundance of periodical cicadas and use of specific host-tree species would change depending on the Magicicada species and tree life stage. We considered the size of the tree (diameter at breast height) as a covariate to control for tree size and collected eggs for a greenhouse experiment to assess whether nymphs prefer to feed on Quercus rubra or Acer saccharum. More emergence holes were found below Quercus species than any other tree species. The abundance of periodical cicadas on host trees used for chorusing centers varied depending on the Magicicada species, but were most abundant on Quercus species. Oviposition scar bundles were also more frequent on Quercus. More nymphs were found on Quercus than Acer in the nymph preference study. Though periodical cicadas used Quercus hosts more than other tree species, their abundances on different host tree sizes and species differed significantly. Periodical cicada species may use specific host species and life stages as a way to partition resources and minimize competition among the Magicicada species during emergence years.