bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital transformation success under Industry 4.0: a strategic guideline for manufacturing SMEs
Authors: Ghobakhloo Morteza , Iranmanesh Mohammad
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The digital transformation under Industry 4.0 is complex and resource-intensive, making a strategic digitalization guideline vital to small and medium-sized enterprises' success in the Industry 4.0 transition. The present study aims to provide manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with a guideline for digital transformation success under Industry 4.0.

Design/methodology/approach

The study first performed a content-centric literature review to identify digital transformation success determinants. The study further implemented interpretive structural modeling to extract the order at which the success determinants should be present to facilitate the SMEs’ digital transformation success optimally. The interpretive model and interpretive logic knowledge base matrix were also used for developing the digital transformation guideline.

Findings

Eleven success determinants are vital to SMEs’ digital transformation efforts. For example, results revealed that external support for digitalization is the first step in ensuring digital transformation success among SMEs, while operations technology readiness is the most inaccessible success determinant.

Research limitations/implications

The study highlights the degree of importance of the 11 success determinants identified, which magnifies each determinant's strategic priority based on its driving power and dependence power. Theorizing the dependent variable of “digital transformation success” and quantitatively measuring the extent to which each success determinant contributes to explaining “digital transformation success” offers an exciting opportunity for future research.

Practical implications

Digital transformation success phenomenon within the Industry 4.0 context is significantly different from the digitalization success concept within the traditional literature. The digital transformation under Industry 4.0 is immensely resource-intensive and complex. Smaller manufacturers must have specific capabilities such as change management and digitalization strategic planning capability to reach a certain degree of information, digital, operations and cyber maturity.

Originality/value

The digital transformation success guide developed in the study describes each success determinants' functionality in relation to other determinants and explains how they might contribute to the digital transformation success within the manufacturing sector. This guide enables smaller manufacturers to better understand the concept of manufacturing digital transformation under Industry 4.0 and devise robust strategies to steer their digital transformation process effectively.
Willingness to accept social robots in museums: an exploratory factor analysis according to visitor profile
Authors: Fuentes-Moraleda Laura , Lafuente-Ibañez Carmen , Fernandez Alvarez Natalia , Villace-Molinero Teresa
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The aim of this exploratory study is to identify the factors that influence the acceptance of social robots in museum environments and determine if this influence depends on the visitor's profile (age, gender, education and occupation).

Design/methodology/approach

Data collected from an electronic questionnaire include 433 responses from Spanish visitors. The authors subjected the variables proposed by De Kervenoael et al. (2020) adapted to museums. The initial descriptive analysis only showed significant differences by age (under or over 30 years old). Based on these previous results, an exploratory factor analysis was carried out to test the applicability of the questionnaire to museums. After identifying the factors, the authors applied an ANOVA test to determine whether there are age-related differences between the factors related to robot acceptance in museums.

Findings

The authors developed a multidimensional instrument for measuring willingness to accept social robots in museum contexts. Willingness is determined by three factors: museum visitor experience (which is a factor specific to museums), empathy and personal engagement (which are both usually relevant in other tourist sectors as well). The younger individuals (under 30 years old) have a higher degree of acceptance than do visitors over 30.

Originality/value

Social robot use in museums is still very low, so the key factors for their acceptance have yet to be ascertained. The specific skills of social robots could prove to be a major draw for young people and contribute significantly to the future of museums.
Intangible assets and trade credit policy
Authors: Hartsema Sarah Taylor , Harris Chris , Li Zhe , Morillon Thibaut G.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify whether the rise in intangible asset investment is related to trade credit investment and whether this relationship is driven by financial constraint and other firm factors.

Design/methodology/approach

The study conducts fixed effect regressions testing the relationship between trade credit investment and intangible asset levels. The relationship is further examined for all firms based on product type, financial constraint and sales growth.

Findings

There is a negative relationship between investment in trade credit and the level of intangible assets as a proportion of total assets. This negative relationship is largely explained by firms in industries that traditionally utilize more trade credit, firms with financial constraints and firms with low sales growth.

Practical implications

The level of investment in intangible assets continues to rise, while investment in trade credit is declining. This paper is the first to identify whether these trends could be related and to provide some explanation why.

Originality/value

This study is the first to link investment in trade credit with investment in intangible assets. There is a negative relationship that is most pronounced for firms that typically offer more trade credit, that are experiencing financial constraint and that are experiencing low growth.
Cost effective design procedures to support modular catalytic reactors
Authors: Bedair Osama
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe cost effective structural design procedures to support catalytic reactors used in hydrocarbon industry. Three case studies are presented using various reactor models. Modularization and transportation challenges are also discussed. The scope of the paper is limited only to the structural and construction aspects. The chemical and mechanical designs are not covered in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach

Finite element strategies are developed to model load transfer to reactor’s supports and to simulate soil/structure interaction. Fictitious nodes are generated at bolt locations to transfer the reactor’s loadings from the skirt to the pile cap. Soil-pile interaction is modeled using horizontal and vertical springs along the pile embedded length. Flexible supports are used at the bottom of the piles to stimulate the end bearing of the soil bed. The approach is demonstrated for several case studies of reactors support system.

Findings

The described algorithm is accurate and computationally efficient. Furthermore, the procedure can be used in practice for design catalytic reactor support.

Practical implications

The paper provides very useful guidelines that can be utilized in practice for design of catalytic reactor supports system. The procedure is cost effective and computationally efficient.

Originality/value

Extensive efforts were made in the past to develop economical procedures for catalytic reactors design. Much of the work focused on the process and mechanical aspects of catalytic reactors. Very limited work addressed the structural design aspects. Furthermore, no guidelines are available in current codes of practice.
Why people spread rumors on social media: developing and validating a multi-attribute model of online rumor dissemination
Authors: Shen Yung-Cheng , Lee Crystal T. , Pan Ling-Yen , Lee Chung-Yuan
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Dealing with online rumors or fake information on social media is growing in importance. Most academic research on online rumors has approached the issue from a quantitative modeling perspective. Less attention has been paid to the psychological mechanisms accounting for online rumor transmission behavior on the individual level. Drawing from the theory of stimulus–organism–response, this study aims to explore the nature of online rumors and investigate how the informational characteristics of online rumors are processed through the mediation of psychological variables to promote online rumor forwarding.

Design/methodology/approach

An experimental approach to this issue was taken; the researchers investigated how the informational characteristics of online rumors and the psychological mediators promote online rumor transmission.

Findings

Four information characteristics (sense-making, funniness, dreadfulness and personal relevance) and three psychological motivators (fact-finding, relationship enhancement and self-enhancement) promote online rumor-forwarding behavior.

Originality/value

Because any online rumor transmitted on social media can go viral, companies may eventually encounter social media-driven crises. Thus, understanding what drives rumor-forwarding behavior can help marketers mitigate and counter online rumors.
Valuation for compensation practices in Kenya: an evaluation
Authors: Museleku Erastus Kiita
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the practices for valuation for compensation purposes in Kenya.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative survey design was used to sample the registered valuers using questionnaire/telephone interviews, in addition to review of some policy and legal documents. Content analysis and descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data.

Findings

The study revealed that the most ignored asset losses in valuation for compensation purposes in Kenya are assets of persons without legally recognizable rights, common property resources and social capital, among others, due to the existing legal provisions. Additionally, valuers often fail to apply the appropriate valuation concepts and methods.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of the study are specific to Kenya since valuations for compensation purposes are statutory in nature and hence the applicable legal frameworks are unique to a specific country, although professionalism issues cut across.

Practical implications

The study may help professional valuers to update their knowledge and apply the right valuation concepts and methods, and also help policymakers to review their policies appropriately to match the best practices.

Social implications

The findings of the study, if implemented, are likely to enhance acceptability of compensation amounts hence improving the working relationships between the public project implementers and the project affected persons, to the benefit of the both parties.

Originality/value

The study is of value to professional valuers, policymakers and land acquiring agencies to be more vigilant and professional in the process of acquiring interests in land.
Three‐dimensional histological explanation of the dermoscopy patterns in acral melanocytic lesions
Authors: Phadungsaksawasdi Pawit , Kasuya Akira , Fukuchi Kensuke , Aoshima Masahiro , Nakazawa Shinsuke , Suzuki Takahiro , Fujiyama Toshiharu , Tokura Yoshiki , Honda Tetsuya
Published: April 2021

Dermoscopic images of pigmented lesions have distinct features on the sole where skin ridges and furrows exist. Pigmentation of benign nevus usually locates on the skin furrow, while the malignant melanoma is pigmented on the skin ridge. Correspondence between dermoscopy and pathology in the pigmented lesions on soles have been studied based on conventional vertical pathological images. However, for the full understanding of the correspondence, observation of horizontal histological images would be required, because the epidermis constructs unique horizontal structures, namely crista profunda limitans, crista profunda intermedia, and transverse ridge. In this study, we analyzed basic dermoscopic images of the representative acral melanocytic lesions (nevus, lentigo, and malignant melanoma) by horizonal histological images. We created serial horizontal pathological images by digital reconstruction of a hundred of serial vertical images. We could show that parallel furrow pattern is created by the pigmentation of crista profunda limitans, parallel ridge pattern by the pigmentation of both of crista profunda limitans and crista profunda intermediate, and lattice‐like pattern by the pigmentation of transverse ridge. Our results would be useful for the intuitive histological understanding of dermoscopy.
Genetic analyses of a secondary poroma and trichoblastoma in a HRAS‐mutated sebaceous nevus
Authors: Minowa Tomoyuki , Kamiya Takafumi , Hida Tokimasa , Okura Masae , Kato Junji , Idogawa Masashi , Tange Shoichiro , Hirano Tomomi , Tokino Takashi , Uhara Hisashi
Published: April 2021

A sebaceous nevus is a congenital skin hamartoma caused by postzygotic HRAS or KRAS mosaic mutations. With age, affected individuals may develop secondary tumors within a sebaceous nevus. RAS mutations are harbored from the onset of sebaceous nevus, and further mutations can be expected to be required in order to explain the initiation of secondary tumors. However, genetic analyses of the secondary tumors have not been conducted. Herein, we describe the rare coexistence of a poroma and a trichoblastoma arising in a sebaceous nevus. This is the first report of an investigation of multiple genes in a secondary tumor in an SN. First, HRAS c.37G>C, which is the common mutation in sebaceous nevus, was detected in all three lesions (sebaceous nevus, poroma, and trichoblastoma). Next, to elucidate the potential second‐hit mutations in the secondary poroma and trichoblastoma, we applied a panel sequencing for skin cancers that was newly developed in our institution. Our comparison of the mutational profile of 95 skin cancer‐related genes in each of the three lesions newly revealed TP53 p.R158P in the poroma and NOTCH2 p.G329S in the trichoblastoma. TP53 p.R158P has been determined as a pathogenic mutation in other tumors, and NOTCH2 p.G329S was a novel mutation. We identified two novel mutations that may have contributed to the pathogenesis of the secondary tumor’s development. The roles of the mutations remain unclear.
Use of avian GPS tracking to mitigate human fatalities from bird strikes caused by large soaring birds
Authors: Arrondo Eneko , García‐Alfonso Marina , Blas Julio , Cortes‐Avizanda Ainara , De la Riva Manuel , Devault Travis L. , Fiedler Wolfgang , Flack Andrea , Jimenez José , Lambertucci Sergio A. , Margalida Antoni , Oliva‐Vidal Pilar , Phipps W. Louis , Sanchez‐Zapata Jose Antonio , Wikelski Martin , Donazar Jose Antonio
Published: April 2021

Birds striking aircrafts cause substantial economic loss world‐wide and, more worryingly, human and wildlife fatalities. Designing effective measures to mitigate fatal bird strikes requires an in‐depth knowledge of the characteristics of this incident type and the flight behaviours of the bird species involved.

The characteristics of bird strikes involving aircraft crashes or loss of human life in Spain were studied and compared to flight patterns of birds monitored by GPS. We tracked 210 individuals of the three species that cause the most crashes and human fatalities in Spain: griffon and cinereous vultures Gyps fulvus and Aegypius monachus and white storks Ciconia ciconia.

All the crashes involved general aviation aircrafts, while none were recorded in commercial aviation. Most occurred outside airport boundaries, at midday, and in the warmest months, which all correspond with the maximum flight activity of the studied species.

Bird flight altitudes overlapped the legal flight altitude limit set for general aviation.

Policy implications. Mitigation of fatal bird strikes should especially address the conflict between general aviation and large soaring birds. Air transportation authorities should consider modifying the flight ceiling for general aviation flights above the studied species' maximum flight altitude. Moreover, policymakers should issue pilots with recommendations regarding the dates and times of peak activity of large soaring bird species to improve flight safety.
Dietary intake of Indigenous Australian infants and young children in the Gomeroi gaaynggal cohort
Authors: Onifade Oyepeju M. , Pringle Kirsty G. , Rollo Megan E. , Collins Clare E. , Schumacher Tracy , Rae Kym M. ,   The Gomeroi Gaaynggal Advisory Committee
Published: April 2021

Aim

The nutritional quality of foods consumed by infants and young children to complement breastfeeding or formula feeding influences growth and development. The aim of this study was to identify the dietary intake of Indigenous infants and young children in the Gomeroi gaaynggal cohort, and evaluate the nutritional adequacy of their intake compared with Australian recommendations.

Methods

Dietary intake was assessed using diet recalls at approximately 9‐, 12‐ and 24‐month visits. Nutrient values of foods were obtained from AUSNUT 2011‐13 and nutrient intake compared to the Australian Nutrient Reference Values. Foods were categorised into food groups and intakes compared to the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating.

Results

A total of 206 infants and young children were included in the study. Of these, 95 individual children had dietary data collected between 7.6 and 24.7 months. Infant formula and breastfeeding rates were highest among infants (70% and 20%, respectively). Cow's milk intake was highest among young children (75%).

Infants and young children in the cohort met most macro‐ and micronutrient intake recommendations. Few young children met recommendation for iron (42%), no infant met recommendation for omega‐3 fatty acids and almost all exceeded recommendation for sodium. Most young children met daily dairy and fruit recommendations although intake of discretionary foods was high.

Conclusions

This study found that diets of Indigenous infants and young children met most key nutrient reference targets. Potential target areas that require dietary optimisation have been identified and will be the focus of community‐led strategies in adequate infant nutrition promotion.
Synergistic effects of ultrasound and β‐d‐glucosidase in aroma of orange juice
Authors: Sun Yujing , Xu Qingqing , Peng Wei , Xue Yuanzhong , Sun Peilong
Published: April 2021

The synergistic effects of ultrasound and β‐d‐glucosidase in aroma of orange juice were investigated. β‐d‐Glucosidase significantly increased the content of ester, aldehyde, alcohol, terpene, acid, and phenol, and insignificantly increased the ketone content in orange juice. Enzyme‐treated orange juice, compared with fresh untreated orange juice, was found to contain 15 novel aroma compounds, whereas three aroma compounds disappeared. Ultrasound improved the enzymatic action and the retention of more active flavors in juice than treatment with enzyme alone. However, simultaneous ultrasound and enzyme treatment decreased aroma quality. Therefore, the choice of the mode of ultrasound treatment is highly important. The present investigation will provide a reference for aroma‐enhancing application of ultrasound combined with β‐D‐glucosidase.

Practical Application

The study supplies a reference method for the aromatization of fruit juice.
Medical Marijuana Registries: A Painful Choice?
Authors: Houser Kimberly A. , Hiller Janine
Published: April 2021

Though the medical use of marijuana is legal in thirty‐three states, it remains illegal under the federal Controlled Substances Act. Any marijuana use can subject individuals to severe criminal and civil penalties under federal law. States that condition patient access and treatment on registration in a state database impose real risks on their citizens. Although many scholars have written about the tension between federal and state treatment of marijuana, this is the first article to examine marijuana patient registry privacy and fundamental rights issues. This article first reviews the relationship between marijuana use and patient treatment, with a focus on health‐care and privacy rights under state and federal law. The article then explains how marijuana registries compare to broader patient registries, such as contagious disease and other medical condition patient registries, and the unique issues presented by marijuana patient registries. It then discusses the elevated risk to constitutional, privacy, and fundamental rights that may result if states do not carefully construct marijuana registries. The article concludes by proposing principles for how both states and dispensaries should approach marijuana registries in order to provide health benefits and avoid harm to patients.
Entrepreneurial Regulatory Legal Strategy: The Case of Cannabis
Authors: Baker Colleen M.
Published: April 2021

This article develops the concepts of regulatory legal strategy, a resource‐based view of government agencies, and regulatory entrepreneurship. These ideas are explored through a case study of the limited (if any) access that legal cannabis‐related businesses have to the banking system due to the clash between federal law and laws in those states that have legalized some uses of cannabis. This article argues that regulators’ entrepreneurial regulatory legal strategies can have a material impact on regulated entities and give them a competitive advantage. To demonstrate, this article claims that regulators’ adoption of permissive regulatory legal strategies has facilitated access of some cannabis‐related businesses to the banking system. Conversely, if regulators adopted obstructive regulatory strategies, this would act as a constraint on such access in the future, even if Congress resolves the federalism issue largely responsible for the current limitations these businesses face.
Up in Smoke: International Treaty Obligations and Marijuana Reform in the United States
Authors: Fandl Kevin J.
Published: April 2021

As the number of U.S. states that seek to loosen restrictions on marijuana rapidly increases, a heated debate over state and federal regulation has ignited. But an important component of that debate has been largely absent—are these state efforts placing the United States in violation of its international treaty obligations? This article attempts to answer this question by tracing the history of marijuana regulation both in the United States and abroad and outlining the foundations for domestic legislation. It argues that the experiments happening among a number of states and countries to liberalize marijuana laws are bearing fruit and should be tied to a broader reform agenda of the same international narcotics treaties that the United States sought decades ago.
Local forest proportion and proximity to large forest patches are important for native mammal conservation in Dry Chaco agroecosystems
Authors: Nanni A. S. , Giordano A. J. , Nielsen C. K. , Lucherini M.
Published: April 2021

Habitat loss is a significant threat to biodiversity worldwide, and the Argentine Dry Chaco is one of the most active global deforestation hotspots. Medium‐large mammals are especially vulnerable to land‐cover change, and in the Dry Chaco, they are subjected to the combined effect of habitat loss and hunting. In agroecosystems, blocks of natural habitat can contribute to maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functionality, and it is necessary to identify human‐modified landscape configurations that are compatible with wildlife conservation. Through camera‐trapping in five agroecosystems of the Argentine Dry Chaco, we assessed the role of local‐scale forest proportion and distance to large forest patches on medium‐large mammal richness and frequency of records. Forest proportion positively influenced medium‐large mammal estimated richness, and large‐bodied mammals were more frequent in stations near large forest blocks and in stations with higher forest proportion when larger forest blocks were distant. Small‐medium sized generalist carnivores were more frequent in stations with lower forest proportion. Forest remnants and the presence of large forest patches are thus important for medium‐large mammals in the region and more specifically for the conservation of larger‐bodied species. Forest loss may also facilitate the increase of mesopredator populations, with potential consequences on the dynamics of ecosystems and human‐wildlife interactions. For agroecosystems to contribute to the conservation of mammals in the Dry Chaco, the preservation or restoration of forest remnants and of large extensions of forests should be incorporated in regional and local land‐use planning.
Validating the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) in obstetric and gynaecologic resuscitation teams
Authors: Carpini Joseph A. , Calvert Katrina , Carter Sean , Epee‐Bekima Mathias , Leung Yee
Published: April 2021

Background

Simulation‐based training is an effective method of enhancing the knowledge, skill, and technical abilities of individuals and teams encountering obstetric and gynaecologic emergencies. Simulation may also enhance the non‐technical performance of teams resulting in improved patient outcomes. Although simulation‐based training is widely recognised as an effective educational approach, issues around feasibility – the lack of simulation experts and malleable outcome measures of team performance – remain critical barriers to their implementation.

Aim

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) when used by medical professionals in simulated obstetric and gynaecological emergencies.

Methods

There were 151 participants (63% female; 60% consultants; 69% no previous simulation‐based training) who observed three live high‐fidelity obstetric and gynaecological resuscitation simulations and completed the TEAM.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis evaluated the construct validity of the TEAM, yielding a second‐order structure identified by ‘leadership’, ‘teamwork’, and ‘team management’. Convergent validity was supported by the average item‐to‐scale total correlation which was 0.75, P < 0.001 and the average analysis of variance extracted (AVE) 0.88. The individual factors also yielded high factor‐to‐scale total correlations (mean [M] = 0.87), and AVE (M = 0.89). The internal reliability was high for the whole scale (average alpha = 0.92) and across the sub‐factors (average alpha = 0.80). The inter‐rater reliability was excellent (inter‐class correlation coefficient 1 = 0.98). Participants with differing levels of simulation training experience did not significantly differ.

Conclusion

The TEAM is a viable instrument for the assessment of non‐technical performance during simulated obstetric and gynaecologic emergencies, thus enhancing the feasibility of simulation‐based training.
Culture of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on polyurethane/pyrrole surface promoted differentiation into endothelial lineage
Authors: Hassanpour Mehdi , Fathi Karkan Sonia , Rahbarghazi Reza , Nouri Mohammad , Amini Hassan , Saghati Sepideh , Baradar Khoshfetrat Ali
Published: April 2021

Due to the electrical conductivity, pyrrole‐based scaffolds are one of the attractive biomaterials in the regeneration of electrically active tissues like the heart and brain. Here, we investigated the impact of polyurethane/pyrrole scaffold on the angiogenesis differentiation of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells toward endothelial lineage in vitro. Nanoelectrospun polyurethane/pyrrole fibers were synthesized and characterized using attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectrum analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. Mechanical properties, electroconductivity, and hydrophobicity were also measured. The viability of cells was monitored 72 hours after being plated on the polyurethane/pyrrole surface. The endothelial differentiation of stem cells was explored using western blotting. ATR‐FTIR revealed that the pyrrole was successfully polymerized to polypyrrole and blend with polyurethane fibers. The addition of pyrrole to polyurethane increased the tensile strength compared to the polyurethane group. These features coincided with the reduction of the hydrophilic properties of polyurethane. Based on our data, the electro‐conductivity of polyurethane/pyrrole was superior compared to the polyurethane group. SEM imaging showed an appropriate cell attachment to the surface of polyurethane/pyrrole and polyurethane groups synthesized membranes. MTT assay revealed a significantly increased survival rate in the polyurethane/pyrrole group compared to the polyurethane group (P < .05). We noted a statistically significant increase of endothelial‐associated proteins, CD31, von Willebrand factor, and CD34, in cells expanded on polyurethane/pyrrole compared to the polyurethane group (P < .05). As a more general note, it could be hypothesized that the polyurethane/pyrrole blend could improve the angiogenesis potency of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative purposes.
Modeling semi‐competing risks data as a longitudinal bivariate process
Authors: Nevo Daniel , Blacker Deborah , Larson Eric B. , Haneuse Sebastien
Published: April 2021

As individuals age, death is a competing risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the reverse is not the case. As such, studies of AD can be placed within the semi‐competing risks framework. Central to semi‐competing risks, and in contrast to standard competing risks , is that one can learn about the dependence structure between the two events. To‐date, however, most methods for semi‐competing risks treat dependence as a nuisance and not a potential source of new clinical knowledge. We propose a novel regression‐based framework that views the two time‐to‐event outcomes through the lens of a longitudinal bivariate process on a partition of the time scales of the two events. A key innovation of the framework is that dependence is represented in two distinct forms, local and global dependence, both of which have intuitive clinical interpretations. Estimation and inference are performed via penalized maximum likelihood, and can accommodate right censoring, left truncation, and time‐varying covariates. An important consequence of the partitioning of the time scale is that an ambiguity regarding the specific form of the likelihood contribution may arise; a strategy for sensitivity analyses regarding this issue is described. The framework is then used to investigate the role of gender and having ≥1 apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele on the joint risk of AD and death using data from the Adult Changes in Thought study.
Obstetric factors associated with postpartum post‐traumatic stress disorder after spontaneous vaginal birth
Authors: Martinez‐Vázquez Sergio , Rodríguez‐Almagro Julián , Hernández‐Martínez Antonio , Delgado‐Rodríguez Miguel , Martínez‐Galiano Juan Miguel
Published: April 2021

Background

This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between clinical practices carried out during spontaneous vaginal birth (SVB), or clinical situations that arise during vaginal birth, and the incidence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study with 839 puerperal women in Spain was conducted. The Perinatal Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) was administered online. The relationship between the risk of postpartum PTSD and various intrapartum complications was studied in addition to practices or procedures performed during the intrapartum period.

Results

PTSD (PPQ scores ≥19) was identified in 8.1% (68) of the women who participated. Among the risk factors for PTSD was a concerning intrapartum FHR tracing (adjusted OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.07‐4.66). Other intrapartum practices also put women at risk of PTSD, including the administration of an enema (aOR: 7.01, 95% CI: 2.14‐23.01), being required to stay lying down throughout the labor and birth (aOR: 5.75, 95% CI: 3.25‐10.19), artificial amniorrhexis without consent (aOR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.31‐3.97), administration of synthetic oxytocin without consent (aOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.26‐3.77), fundal pressure during pushing (aOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.72‐5.73), repeated vaginal examinations performed by different people (aOR: 4.84, 95% CI: 2.77‐8.47), and manual removal of the placenta without anesthesia (aOR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.81‐6.58).

Conclusions

Various intrapartum clinical practices, all related to dehumanized treatment, and intrapartum complications, were associated with an increased risk of PTSD. There is a need to eradicate obstetric mistreatment and to increase access to evidence‐informed, respectful care in Spain. Care practitioners need to better appreciate their roles in preventing PTSD.
The case for alternative endpoints in computing education
Authors: Tissenbaum Mike , Weintrop David , Holbert Nathan , Clegg Tamara
Published: April 2021

This paper argues for a re‐examination of the nature and goals of broad computing education initiatives. Instead of starting with specific values or goals, we instead begin by considering various desired endpoints of computing instruction and then work backward to reason about what form learning activities might take and what are the underlying values and principles that support learners in reaching these endpoints. The result of this exercise is a push for rethinking the form of contemporary computing education with an eye toward more diverse, equitable and meaningful endpoints. With a focus on the role that constructionist‐focused pedagogies and designs can play in supporting these endpoints, we examine four distinct cases and the endpoints they support. This paper is not intended to encompass all the possible alternate endpoints for computer science education; rather, this work seeks to start a conversation around the nature of and need for alternate endpoints, as a means to re‐evaluate the current tools and curricula to prepare learners for a future of active and empowered computing‐literate citizens.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

There is a growing call for computing education to be a core educational component.

Computing education traditionally has a narrow goal of training people for programming jobs.

Computing education fails to connect with students underrepresented in STEM.

What this paper adds

An argument for why we need more and diverse endpoints to computing education.

That many possible endpoints for computing education can be more inclusive, just and equitable than software engineering.

Constructionism is a particularly useful paradigm for approaching and supporting alternate endpoints.

Implications for practice and policy

Helps reframe the goals of computing education, to truly be “for all.”

Provides a set of cases for how this reframing can be achieved.

Gives policy new lenses for understanding, evaluating and implementing computing education.
Inquiring tweets want to know: #Edchat supports for #RemoteTeaching during COVID‐19
Authors: Greenhow Christine , Staudt Willet K. Bret , Galvin Sarah
Published: April 2021

Social media use has spiked around the world during the COVID‐19 global pandemic as people reach out for news, information, social connections, and support in their daily lives. Past work on professional learning networks (PLNs) has shown that teachers also use social media to find supports for their teaching and ongoing professional development. This paper offers quantitative analysis of over a half million Twitter #Edchat tweets as well as qualitative content analysis of teachers’ question tweets (n = 1054) and teacher interviews (n = 4). These data and analyses provide evidence of the kinds of supports that teachers in the United States and Canada sought on social media during the rapid transition to emergency remote teaching in Spring 2020 and how these supports informed teaching practices. These results provide insights into PLN theory and teachers’ social media use during times of disruption and crisis.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Prior to the spring 2020 pandemic, teachers turned to social media to find supports for teaching and just‐in‐time professional development (PD).

#Edchat, one of the oldest and most used educational hashtags on Twitter, supports education‐related conversations, frequently self‐promotional rather than collaborative.

The COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted educational systems globally and created new demands on teacher PD during transitions to emergency remote teaching and learning.

What this paper adds

Teachers’ professional learning networks (PLN) on social media can be flexible around contextual circumstances and users’ needs.

#Edchat discourse can move beyond self‐promotion to inquiry with benefits for professional learning.

Education‐related response networks on social media are useful to teachers in emergency situations (and beyond them) where just‐in‐time professional learning needs and questions surpass local PD capacity.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Teachers should increase capacities inquiring discourses on Twitter.

Education stakeholders should increase support for teachers’ agency and advocate for broader conceptions and approaches to PD that incorporate PLNs spanning social media.
Spatial structure of rainforest termites: Two matched pioneering cross‐continental case studies
Authors: Scholtz Olivia , Knight Mairi E. , Eggleton Paul
Published: April 2021

Termites are vital parts of the soil biota in tropical regions, but their spatial ecology is barely studied. Here, termites were surveyed in two one‐hectare plots, to investigate spatial patterns of soil‐dwelling termites in old growth rainforest. Ecological interactions tested were as follows: (1) environmental relationships; (2) termite feeding groups; and (3) termites and predatory ants. The studies were in Africa (Gabon, Ivindo) and in Asia (Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley). In both locations, the wood‐feeding termites had an aggregated spatial structure at fine scales, while the humus‐feeding termites had a continuous distribution. Environmental variables were similar, but only two associations were consistent across sites. Termite feeding groups along the humification gradient were consistently disassociated. Significant associations were detected between predatory ants and termites in both sites: however, their scale and direction differed. This shows that the termite‐mediated ecosystem processes associated with wood‐ and humus‐feeding termite were provided at similar spatial scales, but that for humus‐feeding termites the intensity varied due to differences between the two plots. Competition at the functional level may be an important interaction, the nature of which is affected by resource availability, which is more limiting for wood‐feeding termites. We hypothesize that predation by ants may be important, but the structure of these relationships varies between the two study plots. All of these preliminary patterns need to be tested in fully replicated studies, but future studies may be constrained due to the sampling effort being so great for even a single survey.

Abstract in French is available with online material.
Risk management in Canada's agricultural sector in light of COVID‐19: Considerations one year later
Authors: Ker Alan P. , Biden Scott
Published: April 2021

The unexpected introduction and spread of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has presented significant risks for every aspect of Canadian society, including the food and agricultural sector. The suite of Business Risk Management (BRM) programs, developed decades ago and without any thought to the possibility of a global pandemic, are meant to assist farmers in managing risks. This article discusses to what extent these BRM programs, and more broadly government programs, assisted farmers in managing risks brought on by the pandemic. Despite calls by industry for significant additional public funds, we find that COVID‐19 exposed no significant gaps in BRM programming and therefore we see no reason for more funding to be funneled to the farm sector through BRM programming.
Retail inventory shrinkage, sensing weak security breach signals, and organizational structure
Authors: Su Hung‐Chung , Rungtusanatham M. Johnny , Linderman Kevin
Published: April 2021

Retail inventory shrinkage, resulting primarily from employee theft and shoplifting, costs retailers nearly $70 billion annually. With brick‐and‐mortar retailers today confronting increased competition and low future growth expectations, reducing inventory shrinkage is becoming even more critical to becoming profitable. This paper analyzes a unique dataset that combines both primary survey and objective archival data from a Fortune 500 retailer to test a theoretical model associating retail inventory shrinkage, the capacity of a retail store to sense weak security breach signals, centralization of decision making, and formalization of security breach management. The analysis builds on insights from high reliability organization theory and the literature on organizational structure. Results reveal that as a retail store increases its capacity to sense weak security breach signals, it observes decreases in store‐level inventory shrinkage, with this negative association amplified (dampened) when the retail store has formalized procedures and protocols for managing security breaches (has centralized decision making within the retail store). Moreover, while the establishment of formalized procedures and protocols for managing security breaches bolsters the capacity of a retail store to sense weak security breach signals, centralizing decision making has the opposite effect. Our findings contribute to the retail operations literature by introducing a new store‐level organizational capability to guard against theft‐based retail inventory shrinkage and by offering novel insights into how and why organizational structure at the level of a retail store deters or facilitates the capacity to sense weak security breach signals. From a practical perspective, these findings advise retailers to develop the capability to become aware of and to mitigate security breaches. Further, to support this capacity, retailers are urged to decentralize decision making to retail store personnel and to invest in formalizing procedures and protocols for managing security breaches in order to deter retail thefts that shrink retail store inventory.
The role of the anterior pretectal nucleus in pain modulation: A comprehensive review
Authors: Genaro Karina , Prado Wiliam A.
Published: April 2021

Descending pain modulation involves multiple encephalic sites and pathways that range from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. Behavioral studies conducted in the 1980s revealed that electrical stimulation of the pretectal area causes antinociception dissociation from aversive responses. Anatomical and physiological studies identified the anterior pretectal nucleus and its descending projections to several midbrain, pontine, and medullary structures. The anterior pretectal nucleus is morphologically divided into a dorsal part that contains a dense neuron population (pars compacta) and a ventral part that contains a dense fiber band network (pars reticulata). Connections of the two anterior pretectal nucleus parts are broad and include prominent projections to and from major encephalic systems associated with somatosensory processes. Since the first observation that acute or chronic noxious stimuli activate the anterior pretectal nucleus, it has been established that numerous mediators participate in this response through distinct pathways. Recent studies have confirmed that at least two pain inhibitory pathways are activated from the anterior pretectal nucleus. This review focuses on rodent anatomical, behavioral, molecular, and neurochemical data that have helped to identify mediators of the anterior pretectal nucleus and pathways related to its role in pain modulation.
Dispersers and environment drive global variation in fruit colour syndromes
Authors: Sinnott‐Armstrong Miranda A. , Donoghue Michael J. , Jetz Walter
Published: April 2021

The colours of fleshy fruits play a critical role in plant dispersal by advertising ripe fruits to consumers. Fruit colours have long been classified into syndromes attributed to selection by animal dispersers, despite weak evidence for this hypothesis. Here, we test the relative importance of biotic (bird and mammal frugivory) and abiotic (wet season temperatures, growing season length and UV‐B radiation) factors in determining fruit colour syndrome in 3163 species of fleshy‐fruited plants. We find that both dispersers and environment are important, and they interact. In warm areas, contrastive, bird‐associated fruit colours increase with relative bird frugivore prevalence, whereas in cold places these colours dominate even where mammalian dispersers are prevalent. We present near‐global maps of predicted fruit colour syndrome based on our species‐level model and our newly developed characterisations of relative importance of bird and mammal frugivores.
Good Things from Both Worlds and the Dilemmas They Pose: The Case of a Childcare Cooperative Movement in South Korea
Authors: Lee Boomi , Lee Soo‐Jung
Published: April 2021

This article examines the educational practices of an alternative childcare institution, the Communal Childcare Cooperative (CCC), in South Korea, which consciously attempts to combine the good sides of the two worlds, those of a traditional Korea and those of the West. Based on ethnographic research in a branch of the institution, we pay particular attention to the dual educational goal for independence and relationality and their pedagogical corollary regarding peer dynamics. Through an ethnographic episode that illustrates the CCC educators’ efforts to realize the dual goal, we identify two major dilemmas with important ethnographic and theoretical implications: one about the socialization of independence and affective relationality, both derived from the cultural conception of mind‐heart (maum), and the other about the socialization of sociality centering on the contrast between hierarchy and equality. [socialization, independence, affective relationality, peer dynamics, South Korea]

Abstract in Korean

두 세계로부터 좋은 것 취하기와 그 과정에서의 딜레마: 한국의 공동육아 운동 사례를 중심으로 이부미(경기대학교), 이수정(덕성여자대학교) 이 논문은 ‘공동육아’라는 한국의 대안적 유아교육기관의 교육적 실천에 대한 민족지적 연구에 근거한다. 공동육아는 ‘서구’와 ‘한국적 전통’이라는 두 세계의 장점들을 결합하여, 독립적이면서도 관계적인 자아를 형성하는 것을 중요한 교육적 목표로 내세운다. 이 논문은 이러한 교육목표를 추구하는 과정에서 공동육아 교사들이 당면하는 두 가지 딜레마에 주목한다. 하나는 독립성과 정서적 관계성의 양립적 사회화에서 발생하는 긴장에 대한 것이고, 다른 하나는 또래관계의 평등성과 위계성의 대립에 대한 것이다. 교사가 어린이들에게 자기를 주장하면서도 친구를 지배하지 않는 ‘마음’의 두 가지 측면의 균형을 요구하거나 이를 위해 개입할 때, 이 딜레마들은 교육적 실천 안에서 긴장과 모호함을 발현시킨다. 공동육아의 이러한 딜레마는 글로벌 시대의 유아교육 상황에서 발생하는 새로움과 오래됨, 세계성과 지역성, 이론과 실천의 경합과 역동성을 드러낸다. 아이들과의 일상 속에서 이러한 딜레마들을 성찰적으로 풀어내려는 교사들의 고투가 공동육아의 생명력 있는 교육의 주요 원천이기도 하다.