bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Within-Category Satiation and Cross-Category Spillover in Multiproduct Advertising
Authors: Lu Shijie , Yang Sha , Yao Yao (Alex)
Published: August 2024

Multiproduct ads (MPAs) allow an ad platform to display multiple products within a single ad unit. Unlike a single-product display ad, similar ads from the same product category may appear in MPAs and induce consumer satiation. Further, the simultaneous display of ads from multiple product categories can result in cross-category complementarity or substitution in consumers’ utility from ad clicking. This study examines ad platforms’ potential benefit from incorporating consumer within-category satiation and cross-category spillover into ad-serving policies. To achieve this goal, the authors propose a full-equilibrium modeling framework to capture both the demand (i.e., consumers’ clicks) and supply (i.e., advertisers’ bids) sides of MPAs. The results from a dataset from a large display ad network reveal heterogeneity in within-category satiation across consumers and categories, and provide evidence of cross-category complementarity. The authors then demonstrate how the platform can indirectly influence the ad variety and category composition of MPAs through three counterfactuals of ad-serving policy changes. The results show that the implementation of a more privacy-preserving policy may hurt both consumer welfare and the platform's revenue because of the reduced ad variety, which makes consumers more prone to within-category satiation and less prone to cross-category complementarity.
Bayesian Nonparametric Sequential Search
Authors: Onzo Kohei , Ansari Asim
Published: August 2024

Sequential search models are popular in marketing for studying consumer search behavior. Current search models use parametric assumptions regarding different aspects of the models, such as random shocks, search costs, and consumer preferences. These assumptions can be restrictive. The authors develop a novel Bayesian nonparametric framework for sequential search to flexibly model unknown distributions. They also develop Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for inferring the model unknowns. The authors conduct simulation studies to demonstrate that currently popular parametric search models can yield incorrect estimates and inferences when the data-generating process deviates from their assumptions. In contrast, the proposed model accurately recovers these quantities for various data-generating processes. The methodology is then applied to online search and purchase data from a Japanese retailer. The results show that several heterogeneity distributions have complex patterns, such as multimodality and skewness, that are not captured by a parametric benchmark model. The authors also estimate the monetary value of search costs, the price elasticities, and a counterfactual profit gain under a personalized couponing strategy and find substantial differences in the results from the two models.
Comparing Relationships Between Pain Coping Levels and Pain, Functional Capacity, and Disability Among Patients with Fibromyalgia and Healthy Controls
Authors: Cihan Emine , Dilara Durmaz Elif , Arca Muhammed , Sahbaz Pirincci Cansu
Published: August 2024

We compared the relationships between pain coping levels and pain, functional capacity, and disability among 48 patients with fibromyalgia and 48 healthy control participants. Specific characteristics of those diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome were documented. Participants were evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Pain Coping Scale (PCQ), Pain Disability Index (PDI), and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). According to the 10 cm long VAS, fibromyalgia patients recorded pain intensity at 7 cm, significantly higher than in the control group ( p < .001). All sub-scores of the PDI score were higher among patients with fibromyalgia compared to controls ( p < .001). Scores on the PCQ score were higher for patients with fibromyalgia than controls on the sub-parameters of helplessness ( p < .001) and medical remedies ( p < .001). Functionality was lower among patients than controls ( p < .001). Pain coping and pain-related disability (in areas of recreation, social activity, sexual behavior, total score) were significantly related in patients with fibromyalgia. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive pain management and customized interventions for fibromyalgia patients to address their elevated pain intensity, reduced functionality, increased pain-related disability, and variable coping mechanisms compared to healthy controls. Understanding these correlations between pain coping strategies, functional status, and disability levels can help optimize treatment approaches and improve the quality of life for individuals living with fibromyalgia.
Façade Fictions: False Statistics and Spheres of Autonomy in Meiji Japan
Authors: Drixler Fabian , Matsuzaki Reo
Published: August 2024

Around 1900, at least 97 percent of homicide victims in Japan were newborn children. Official statistics obscured this fact by reporting only a handful of infanticides each year, but they also preserved it in the guise of impossibly frequent stillbirths. We argue that this striking failure of law enforcement did not reflect insufficient state capacity. The statistics are best understood as the result of a performance, jointly delivered by subjects and officials to reconcile two conflicting values—the omote (façade) of the state's legal protection of newborns and the naishō (tacit arrangement) of household autonomy over family planning and reproduction. Political performances are often seen as deployed by those in power to deceive, discipline, or dominate the population. We observe instead a more collaborative dynamic that allows states to extend their reach into society while also respecting the autonomy of the population through compromise and indeterminacy.
Serial and parallel algorithms for short time horizon multi-attribute queries on stochastic multi-agent systems
Authors: Ramesh Yenda , Panduranga Rao MV
Published: August 2024

Statistical model checking (SMC) for the analysis of multi-agent systems has been studied in the recent past. A feature peculiar to multi-agent systems in the context of statistical model checking is that of aggregate queries–temporal logic formula that involves a large number of agents. To answer such queries through Monte Carlo sampling, the statistical approach to model checking simulates the entire agent population and evaluates the query. This makes the simulation overhead significantly higher than the query evaluation overhead. This problem becomes particularly challenging when the model checking queries involve multiple attributes of the agents. To alleviate this problem, we propose a population sampling algorithm that simulates only a subset of all the agents and scales to multiple attributes, thus making the solution generic. The population sampling approach results in increased efficiency (a gain in running time of 50%–100%) for a marginal loss in accuracy (between 1% and 5%) when compared with the exhaustive approach (which simulates the entire agent population to evaluate the query), especially for queries that involve limited time horizons. Finally, we report parallel versions of the above algorithms. We explore different strategies of core allocation, both for exhaustive simulations of all agents and the sampling approach. This yields further gains in running time, as expected. The parallel approach, when combined with the sampling idea, results in improving the efficiency (a gain in running time of 100%–150%) with a minor loss when compared with the exhaustive approach in accuracy (between 1% and 5%).
Event-driven fuzzy L∞ control of DC microgrids under cyber attacks and quantization
Authors: Li Fuqiang , Gao Lisai , Li Kang , Peng Chen
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the event-driven fuzzy [Formula: see text] control of direct-current (DC) microgrids subject to deception attacks, persistent bounded (PB) disturbances, premise mismatching, quantizer, and delays. First, using states of the fuzzy plant and a constant, a Zeno-free dynamic event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is presented, which is more robust to the PB disturbances than the static state-related ETMs (SSRETMs). Second, by virtually dividing the updating intervals of the controller, a unified time-delay fuzzy system model is established, which takes effects of dynamic ETM, deception attacks, disturbances, quantizer, and delays into account. Third, criteria for globally exponentially ultimately bounded (GEUB) stability in mean square with guaranteed [Formula: see text]-gain are obtained, and the quantitative relationship between the ultimate bound and the dynamic ETM is established. To overcome the inconvenience of the emulation method requiring two design steps, a co-design strategy is provided to simultaneously design the ETM and fuzzy controller subject to premise mismatching. Simulation results confirm that, even with the triggering rate 36.9% and the attacking rate 11.4%, satisfactory control performance can still be achieved; the dynamic ETM achieves better triggering performance than the SSRETMs; and the proposed controller achieves shorter settling time and smaller overshoot than the robust linear controller.
‘What damage could a small breeze do to a fence?’ The lack of collective action on ride-hailing platforms in Berlin and Tallinn
Authors: Animento Stefania , Kall Kairit , Niebler Valentin , Unt Marge , Roosalu Triin , Ojamäe Liis
Published: August 2024

The proliferation of ride-hailing platforms in the last decade has been challenged by workers’ mobilization around the world. In order to complement the existing research on successful organizing, in this article the authors investigate the lack of collective resistance in two cases. By comparing the ride-hailing industry in Berlin (Germany) and Tallinn (Estonia), the authors explain the absence of collective mobilization in these different contexts. While ride-hailing in Berlin is more regulated than in Tallinn, drivers in both cities are structurally located in the weakest position within labour relations. Their isolation presents common features found in the business model and the work process, but also within wider societal structures and ideological landscape.
The political spillover of workplace democratization: How democratic efficacy at the workplace contributes to countering right-wing extremist attitudes in Germany
Authors: Kiess Johannes , Schmidt Andre
Published: August 2024

Right-wing extremist attitudes are a severe challenge to democracies and trade union movements around the world. Moreover, changes in the world of work, economic insecurities, and the effects of globalized capitalism – all bread-and-butter topics for trade unions – are a breeding ground for right-wing extremism also in countries with comparatively strong social security and co-determination rights like Germany. In this article, the authors focus on democratic efficacy at the workplace as a protective factor against far-right politicisation among workers. They argue that experiencing control and influence on decision-making at the workplace is related to lower right-wing extremist attitudes. The article introduces a new measure employed in a representative survey in Germany. The findings strongly suggest that perceived democratic efficacy at the workplace reduces right-wing extremist attitude. This holds even when authoritarianism and standard socio-demographics are controlled for. The findings suggest an empowerment effect of efficacy experiences at the workplace. Such empowerment makes it less ‘necessary’ for individuals to devalue out-groups and deisre strong a (national) leadership. Practical implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Anterior Cervical Bronchogenic Cyst Mimicking a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Junwei , Xu Lizhi , Qin Yuelin , Yang Xuecai , Zhang Cuimei
Published: August 2024

A bronchogenic cyst (BC) is a rare congenital cystic lesion, especially when located in the suprahyoid region of the anterior cervical front. We report a case of a male child who was misdiagnosed with a thyroglossal duct cyst due to the clinical presentation of a mass located near the anterior midline of the neck, in the region above the hyoid bone, which moved up and down with swallowing, characteristics consistent with a thyroglossal duct cyst. We excised the lesion under general anesthesia. Histopathological analysis revealed cartilage tissue, pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the cyst wall with cilia and mucous glands, finally diagnosing it as BC. BC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neck masses.
Developing Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Teaching About African American Language in College Classrooms
Authors: Sedlacek Quentin C. , León Maricela , Grey Ian , McLarty Jordan , Neal Shanae , Neal Shanea
Published: August 2024

Background:

African American Language (AAL) refers to a rich, widely used, and extensively researched language variety. Despite its importance, AAL remains widely stigmatized in the United States due to anti-Black linguistic racism. Many colleges offer courses with AAL content, and these courses have the potential to help disrupt anti-Black linguistic racism by promoting understanding and respect for this language.

Purpose:

Simply increasing students’ knowledge about AAL is unlikely to disrupt anti-Black linguistic racism. College instructors must also attend to a wide range of challenges involved in teaching this content. Instructors’ knowledge of such challenges, as well as strategies for addressing them, constitutes a form of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). This study contributes to the emerging scholarship on PCK for teaching and learning about AAL.

Research Design:

In this qualitative study, we analyze open-ended survey data from college instructors to identify challenges faced when teaching AAL content. We also add depth and nuance to discussion of these challenges by analyzing qualitative interview data and qualitative survey responses from college students enrolled in courses with AAL content. Finally, we outline pedagogical recommendations that could potentially address these challenges.

Conclusions:

We identify three major categories of pedagogical challenges that commonly arise when teaching AAL content: protecting Black or AAL-using students from harm; managing other students’ knowledge, ideologies, and/or resistance; and addressing instructor positionality. We present six research-based recommendations to help instructors address these challenges, and identify key directions for future research on the teaching and learning of AAL.
Citizen Observations as Legal Obligations: (Dis)Associations and Representation at the Swedish Land and Environment Court of Appeal
Authors: Kasperowski Dick , Peterson Jesse , Hagen Niclas
Published: August 2024

There is an increasing international trend in environmental activism to use legal institutions and infrastructures for citizen science (CS) to affect policy and regulation. However, knowledge about observations produced in activist CS and their functions at courts is scarce. To address this, we analyze how citizen observations (COs) reported to an established infrastructure for CS assist in producing legal obligations. Sweden provides an exemplary case due to the integration between CS biodiversity infrastructures, environmental regulation, and the increasing number of legal environmental conflicts. Data was gathered from documentation of legal cases argued in front of the Land and Environment Court of Appeal (LECA) from 2012 to 2020, and interviews with civil servants at Swedish environmental public authorities. Through a qualitative analysis, we find several ways that COs get associated to legal obligations, including through civil servants’ decisions, species spatial-temporality, comparisons between different CS reporting systems, the negotiation of species status on red lists, and interpretations of species behavior. We relate our findings to a broader discussion on what forms of representation matter in environmental regulation and who and what can speak for species and entities making up the world.
An Evaluation of the Replacement of Animal-derived Biomaterials in Human Primary Cell Culture
Authors: Bramwell Laura R. , Gould Samantha J. , Davies Merlin , McMullan Conor , Trusler Emily C. , Harries Lorna W.
Published: August 2024

The likelihood that potential new drugs will successfully navigate the current translational pipeline is poor, with fewer than 10% of drug candidates making this transition successfully, even after their entry into clinical trials. Prior to this stage, candidate drugs are typically evaluated by using models of increasing complexity, beginning with basic in vitro cell culture studies and progressing through to animal studies, where many of these candidates are lost due to lack of efficacy or toxicology concerns. There are many reasons for this poor translation, but interspecies differences in functional and physiological parameters undoubtedly contribute to the problem. Improving the human-relevance of early preclinical in vitro models may help translatability, especially when targeting more nuanced species-specific cell processes. The aim of the current study was to define a set of guidelines for the effective transition of human primary cells of multiple lineages to more physiologically relevant, translatable, animal-free in vitro culture conditions. Animal-derived biomaterials (ADBs) were systematically replaced with non-animal-derived alternatives in the in vitro cell culture systems, and the impact of the substitutions subsequently assessed by comparing the kinetics and phenotypes of the cultured cells. ADBs were successfully eliminated from primary human dermal fibroblast, uterine fibroblast, pulmonary fibroblast, retinal endothelial cell and peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture systems, and the individual requirements of each cell subtype were defined to ensure the successful transition toward growth under animal-free culture conditions. We demonstrate that it is possible to transition (‘humanise’) a diverse set of human primary cell types by following a set of simple overarching principles that inform the selection, and guide the evaluation of new, improved, human-relevant in vitro culture conditions.
The relationship between media use and social trust in China: An exploratory study based on data analysis
Authors: Meng Dong , Xie Jinwen
Published: August 2024

This study employs an interdisciplinary and comprehensive research approach, integrating questionnaire surveys, statistical analysis, and qualitative interviews to delve into the relationship between media use and social trust in China. By carefully selecting samples, designing questionnaires, collecting data, and conducting data analysis, the study gathered 3257 valid responses. Findings show that Weibo and WeChat have become the primary channels for the public to access news information, while traditional media still enjoy relatively high levels of trust. Moreover, negative news reports decrease trust in the media, whereas critical comments increase it. The study also reveals variations in trust in the media across different groups and institutions, with universities being trusted more than businesses and ordinary employees having more trust than business managers. The qualitative interview component of the study further enriches the research data and provides deeper understanding and interpretation. The results demonstrate a significant relationship between media use and trust, calling for tailored management and policy measures taking into account the characteristics of different media platforms and diverse population groups.
Evaluation of tool rotational speed effect in Al-16Si-4Cu-10SiC composite/Al-4Cu-Mg alloy joint
Authors: Jamshidi Aval Hamed , Galvão Ivan
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the influence of the rotational speed of the tool with a cylindrical threaded pin on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the Al-16Si-4Cu-10SiC composite/Al-4Cu-Mg alloy joint. The results show tunnel defects are formed on the advancing side in the heat input less than 121 J/mm and more than 342 J/mm. With the increase of rotational speed from 800 to 1000 rpm, the silicon particle size and the aspect ratio have decreased and increased from 5.6 ± 1.2 to 3.5 ± 1.4 µm and 0.6 to 0.8, respectively. By decreasing rotational speed from 1000 to 800 rpm, the maximum hardness (152.3 ± 0.6 HV0.1), yield strength (383 ± 6 MPa), ultimate tensile strength (469 ± 9 MPa) and corrosion rate (1.03 mm/year) were achieved.
Utilization of polyacrylamide-thickening agent and aluminum sulfate liquid accelerator for improving early strength of Portland cement
Authors: Zhou Huafeng , Zhang Wan , Wu Zhihong , Li Chunmei , Huang Wang , Wang Jiawei , Pan Yuexin , Li Zhishun
Published: August 2024

There is a problem that accelerator make the early compressive strength of mortar develop slowly. This study to utilize thickening agent and developed accelerator to improve the early compressive strength. The research findings demonstrated that with the addition of accelerator, a large amount of hydration products is formed in the paste. The dosage of PAH was 2%, the strength of the mortar reached 13.96 MPa at 1 d. The primary cause is that the PAH formed a granule-particle bridge structure, which made the structure of hydration products denser, thus improving the early compressive strength. It provides the value for the application of accelerator and thickener in the shotcrete field.
Introducing Holixec Education: A Human-Centric Approach to Learner Workplace Readiness via the MECCDAL Method
Authors: Batat Wided
Published: August 2024

This position paper presents ‘holixec education,’ a groundbreaking model in higher education that merges holistic instruction with execution-oriented learning strategies. The term ‘holixec’ is a blend of ‘holistic’ and ‘execution.’ This innovative approach, particularly pertinent in business schools, enhances learners’ readiness for the workplace. The model is operationalized through the MECCDAL Method, a seven-pillar educational framework explicitly crafted for business schools. It necessitates a comprehensive reevaluation of the student's learning journey, the higher education system, and the academic culture in light of significant industry transformations. Holixec education aligns with students’ diverse developmental needs and addresses workforce demands and environmental challenges. It offers a theoretically grounded and practical educational framework that promotes balanced personal growth, enhances well-being, and cultivates relationships among students and various stakeholders. The paper posits that holixec education has the potential to transform academic teaching and learning, heralding a new epoch in business schools and higher education at large. It extends Bourdieu's theory of human development capital by broadening the dimensions of cultural capital to include artistic and media elements, and by introducing a novel form known as well-being capital. Also, the holixec paradigm enriches Miller's holistic education theory by integrating the execution approach at the heart of business sciences. Moreover, it provides a theoretical underpinning for the seven-pillar MECCDAL education model through the holixec paradigm. The contributions of this article underscore the potential of the holixec education model for rethinking the current higher education system.
Research on TiN inclusion modification in 20CrMnTi gear steel by rare earth Ce during Si-Ca-Ba-Ce composite deoxidation
Authors: Liu Shuang , Peng Jun , Yang Fan , Liu Lixia , Wang Jian , Zhang Fang
Published: August 2024

The size and distribution of TiN inclusions in 20CrMnTi gear steel directly affect its service performance. A reasonable method for controlling the size of TiN inclusions is a prerequisite for obtaining high-quality 20CrMnTi gear steel. This study focuses on the modification behaviour of TiN inclusions in 20CrMnTi gear steel under the conditions of Si-Ca-Ba single deoxidation and Si-Ca-Ba-Ce composite deoxidation, and their effects on the fatigue performances of the steels. The results show that after Si-Ca-Ba-Ce composite deoxidation, in addition to TiN inclusions, TiN containing composite inclusions such as Al2O3-TiN and CaAl12O19-TiN are also generated in the steel. When the ratio of Si-Ca-Ba to Ce in the Si-Ca-Ba-Ce composite deoxidiser is 5:1, the effective modification rate of TiN reaches 48.6%, which is better than 44.8% at 7:1 and 45% at 2.4:1, and the average size of the inclusions in the steel is 2.5 μm, which is better than 2.8 at and 3 μm at 2.4:1. At this point, the effect of the TiN inclusion modification in the steel is good, and the fatigue performance of the 20CrMnTi gear steel has been improved.
Correlates of Modal Substitution and Induced Travel of Ridehailing in California
Authors: Giller James , Young Mischa , Circella Giovanni
Published: August 2024

The availability of ridehailing services, such as Uber and Lyft, affects the way people choose to travel and can enable travel opportunities that were previously suppressed, leading to additional trips. Previous studies have investigated the modal substitution and induced travel caused by ridehailing, yet few have investigated the factors associated with these travel behaviors. Accordingly, this study examines the personal and trip characteristics associated with ridehailing users’ decisions to substitute other modes of travel or conduct new trips by ridehailing. Using detailed survey data collected in three California metropolitan regions from 2018 and 2019, we estimated an error components logit model of ridehailing users’ choice of an alternative travel option if ridehailing services were unavailable. We found that over 50% of ridehailing trips in our sample were replacing more sustainable modes (i.e., public transit, active modes, and carpooling) or were creating new vehicle miles, with a 5.8% rate of induced travel, with public transit being the most frequently substituted mode. Respondents without a household vehicle and who use pooled services were more likely to replace transit. Longer-distance ridehailing trips were less likely to replace walking, biking, or transit trips. Respondents identifying as a racial or ethnic minority or lacking a household vehicle were least likely to cancel a trip were ridehailing unavailable, suggesting their use of ridehailing for essential rather than discretionary purposes. Together, these findings provide valuable insights for policy makers seeking to address the environmental and equity issues associated with ridehailing.
Where the Borders Lie: Mapping Cross-Border Communities in 10 Western European Countries
Authors: Sallard Aurore , Hublet François
Published: August 2024

With the deepening of European integration, Western Europe has witnessed the emergence of highly interconnected cross-border living areas. So far, these areas have received rather limited attention from both quantitative research and public policy. The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically exposed the limitations of the status quo: with travel restrictions imposed at administrative borders and limited cross-border crisis management, the daily life of people in border regions was affected in a disproportionate way. In an effort to better understand the geography of cross-border communities, this paper presents the first large-scale quantitative analysis of cross-border communities in Western Europe. We apply the Louvain community detection algorithm to a transnational, fine-grained dataset gathering commuter flows across 10 Western European countries. This allows us to produce the first comprehensive transnational mapping of communities in these countries and identify five main cross-border living areas. Based on these findings, we put forward policy recommendations aimed at improving the design of mobility censuses and developing new institutional frameworks in cross-border regions.
Robust Spatiotemporal Lane Detection Model
Authors: Zhang Jiyong , Wang Bo , Naeem Hamad , Dai Shengxin
Published: August 2024

Lane lines are frequently interrupted in autonomous driving environments because of some objective conditions, such as occlusion or congestion, which often lead to the decreased detection performance of a model. Current detection methods relying on spatial information struggle to detect complete lane lines in such conditions. In this paper, we build a robust lane detection model by fusing spatiotemporal information and dilated convolution. The proposed model is aided by the dilated convolution, which expands the scope of convolutional processes to extract more lane feature information from various perception environments. Convolutional gate recurrent units (ConvGRUs) are employed at the high-level semantic phase to aid the proposed model to get more effective lane feature information by dealing with the spatiotemporal information of consecutive frames. Compared with models FCN, DeepLabv3, RefineNet, SCNN, Cheng-DET, LDNet, SegNet, SegNet-Ego-Lane, Res18, Res34, ResNet-18-SAD, ResNet-34-SAD, ENet-SAD, ReNet-101, R-18-E2E, R-34-E2E, R-101-SAD, R-101-E2E, ResNet34-Qin, LaneNet, PINET(64x32), UNet_ConvLSTMSegNet_ConvLSTM, LDSTNet, extensive experiments on three well-known lane detection benchmarks prove the usefulness of the proposed model, achieving robust results and competitive performance.
Automatic Traffic Safety Analysis using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology at Unsignalized Intersections in Heterogeneous Traffic
Authors: Sarkar Debashis Ray , Rao K. Ramachandra , Chatterjee Niladri
Published: August 2024

A generalized, reliable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system for visual tracking and detection of road vehicles from aerial videography would outperform traditional traffic monitoring systems, providing extensive coverage and optimal study area perspectives. The combination of UAV technology for data collection and advanced video processing tools for visual tracking would assist traffic engineers in a detailed spatial and temporal utilization analysis with accurate traffic characteristics. Initially, traffic conflicts were determined by post encroachment time from visual data at unsignalized intersection. But a new concept (known as “required post encroachment time”) has been proposed to differentiate between critical and non-critical conflicts among road users. Finally, by extracting the information of vehicle trajectories, we have also developed a “collision probability evaluation model” to determine the severity level of critical conflicts in heterogeneous traffic conditions. Our numerical results show the high precision of our suggested model with regard to risk recognition when evaluating the collision probability at the study intersection. This research utilizes vehicle trajectories to evaluate driving risk at intersections through automatic traffic safety analysis.
The Exit Option: Agency and Divorce in Late Eighteenth-Century America
Authors: Sparrow Bartholomew
Published: August 2024

Thousands of husbands placed advertisements in colonial newspapers announcing that their wives had deserted them and rejecting responsibility for their wives’ debts. Yet few scholars have studied “runaway wives.” This article argues the notices evidenced wives’ agency in a sexist and socially conservative eighteenth-century America, agency that took the form of “exit,” “voice,” and “loyalty,” to follow Hirschman's seminal work. The article examines the texts of almost four hundred listings and arbitrates between two explanations of this phenomenon: whether the notices were published to protect husbands financially or to effect common-law self-divorces. The husbands’ notices were predominantly acknowledgments of broken marriages.
HERV-K np9 and HERV-R env: Two endogenous retrovirus products with potential Pathogenic roles in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Gaber Noha , Abdelhafiz Ahmed Samir , Abdel-Azim Nivin , Shibl Azza , Fadel Lamiaa , Hassan Zeinab Korany , Ahmed Eman Hassan
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are integral components of the human genome, and their reactivation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some malignancies. External viral co-infections are suspected to play a role in HERV transactivation. This study aimed to investigate the expression of HERV-K np9 elements and HERV-R env gene in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Additionally, we explored potential correlations between HERV expression and common viral infections prevalent in this group of patients.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 43 pediatric ALL patients and 48 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to assess the expression of HERV-K np9 and HERV-R env, along with herpes simplex virus (HSV), parvovirus B19, and polyomavirus BK.

Results

HERV-K np9 and HERV-R env showed significantly higher expression in the peripheral blood of ALL patients compared to healthy controls ( p < .001 and p = .003, respectively). HSV positivity was associated with significantly increased HERV-K np9 expression. No significant correlations were observed between other investigated viruses and HERV gene expression.

Conclusion

The overexpression of HERV-K np9 and HERV-R env in pediatric ALL patients suggest their potential role in leukemogenesis. Our findings also suggest a possible link between HSV infection and HERV reactivation in this population. Future investigations are needed to understand the precise roles of these genes and viral infections in the development of ALL.
Implications of Rebalancing Home-Based Care for Family Caregivers to Older Adults
Authors: Friedman Esther M. , Edgington Sarah , Escarce José J. , Ghosh-Dastidar Bonnie , Shih Regina A.
Published: August 2024

Over the last several decades, Medicaid has been “rebalancing” services from institutions to the community, increasing support of home- and community-based services (HCBS). These services could potentially substitute for care typically provided by family members, replacing or reducing care from kin. Leveraging one of the most recent Medicaid rebalancing programs, the Balancing Incentive Program (BIP), and using data from the 2008-2016 Health and Retirement Study on 953 Medicaid beneficiaries ages 65 and over with at least one functional limitation, we examined the relationship between exposure to BIP and family and professional caregiving. BIP exposure was not associated with receipt of care or total hours of care. It was, however, associated with more hours of professional care and fewer hours of family care from non-spouse kin. These findings suggest that recent Medicaid rebalancing programs, while intended to meet the desires of older adults, could have implications for their families.
When Do Paid Caregivers Support the Health of Older Adults? Geriatrician Perspectives
Authors: Estrada Leah V. , Watman Deborah , Franzosa Emily , Reckrey Jennifer M.
Published: August 2024

Despite the potential of paid caregivers (e.g., home health aides and other home care workers) to improve their clients’ health-related outcomes, paid caregivers are rarely integrated in the healthcare team. Geriatrician’s perspective on paid caregivers can inform healthcare team approaches that leverage the paid caregiver role to improve older adult health. This secondary qualitative analysis ( n = 9 geriatricians, n = 27 interviews) used thematic analysis to identify geriatrician perceptions of when paid caregivers do the most to support the health of older adults. Geriatricians perceived that paid caregiver contributions were greatest in the care of high-needs older adults (e.g., dementia) and that paid caregivers stepped up to fill healthcare gaps when families could not provide all needed support (e.g., no family). Future work should consider how to best integrate paid caregivers who are already providing health-related support into the care team and explore barriers to paid caregiver participation in health-related care more generally.
Do national innovation projects shape citizens’ public health behaviours?
Authors: Ansell Ben , Bauer Martin W. , Gingrich Jane , Stilgoe Jack
Published: August 2024

This article investigates whether, in the context of rising nationalism, drawing attention to national innovation strategies influences public health behaviours, particularly vaccine uptake. It draws on an original two-wave panel study of United Kingdom (UK) respondents during the COVID pandemic. The survey included an experimental design, which primed respondents with a nationalist framing of COVID-19 vaccines, drawing attention to the UK’s role in developing the AstraZeneca vaccine and in rapid approval and roll out of other vaccines. Our results show no significant impact of nationalist framing on vaccine willingness, even among those with nationalist or science-skeptical views. These findings suggest public health authorities should be cautious with nationalist framing, as it may be ineffective or counterproductive.
Digital Reconstruction: A Critical Examination of the History and Adaptation of Ku Klux Klan Websites
Authors: Kingdon Ashton , Winter Aaron
Published: August 2024

In response to the data revolution, academic research and media attention have increasingly focused on the technological adaptation and innovation displayed by the far right. The greatest attention is paid to social media and how groups and organizations are utilizing technological advancement and growth in virtual networks to increase recruitment and advance radicalization on a global scale. As with most social and political endeavors, certain technologies are in vogue and thus draw the attention of users and regulators and service providers. This creates a technological blind spot within which extremist groups frequently operate older and less well regarded technologies without the oversight that one might expect. This article examines the less well-studied traditional and official websites of the Ku Klux Klan, the most established and iconic of American far-right organizations. By incorporating non-participant observation of online spaces and thematic analysis, this research analyzes the evolution of 26 websites, from their emergence in the early 1990s to the present day. We examine the ways in which traditional printed communications and other ephemera have progressed with advances in technology, focusing on the following central elements of Klan political activism and community formation: Klan identity, organizational history, aims and objectives; technology and outreach, including online merchandise and event organization; and the constructions of whiteness and racism. The results add value and insight to comparable work by offering a unique historical insight into the ways in which the Klan have developed and made use of Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web3 technologies.
Working “With” Not “On” Disabled People: The Role of Hate Crime Research within the Community
Authors: Burch Leah
Published: August 2024

For many disabled people, violence can become an unwanted, yet ordinary part of everyday life. Often, these crimes are attributed to understandings of disabled people as vulnerable and largely, passive victims. Attending to the aims of this special issue, this paper aims to dismantle these stereotypes and attend to the unique ways that disabled people can resist and respond to hate crime through creative and collaborative research practices. Building upon this, I argue that there is a pressing need for hate studies researchers to work “with” and not “on” those who have experienced targeted violence. Working in this way builds upon long-standing efforts of disabled activists and disabilities studies researchers to challenge reductive research practices by working in more collective and inclusive ways. To demonstrate this, I reflect upon a project working in partnership with disabled people to create a disability hate crime toolkit. The toolkit, now published, shares accessible and informative resources that can be used to raise awareness about disability hate crime. While the focus of this paper is disability, I consider methods of collaboration, co-production and participation that can be drawn upon by researchers to respond to hate crime and interpersonal violence more broadly.
Lost in Translation? Applying the Hate Crime Concept to an Indian Context
Authors: Bhat M. Mohsin Alam , Chakraborti Neil
Published: August 2024

Hate crime is increasingly a familiar term within the domains of scholarship, policy, and activism as the harms associated with acts of targeted hostility continue to pose complex, global challenges. However, an exclusively Western-centric focus has done little to foster transnational conversations or to shape conceptual or legal frameworks in parts of the world where the challenges posed by hate and prejudice remain underexplored despite their devastating consequences. This article considers how the complexities and specificities of the Indian context disrupt the dominant assumptions of conventional hate crime frameworks. In doing so, it highlights the value of extending conventional Westernized models of thinking to different environments with different sets of challenges. Through its analysis of caste crimes and the factors that reinforce a prevailing institutional and cultural backdrop of political indifference, bureaucratic resistance, and public skepticism, the article illustrates why and how key elements of the Western framework remain ill-suited to the Indian context. The authors call instead for a creative translation of the hate crime concept, which accommodates the nature of violence within specific social contexts, and which emphasizes the institutional features that can mitigate the limitations of state capacity and intent. The process of translation has value in harnessing the benefits of the hate crime concept within countries, which lack a common framework to foster shared understanding and prioritization in relation to tackling contemporary expressions of hate. At the same time, this process enriches prevailing thinking, dismantles stereotypes, and challenges scholars of targeted violence to familiarize themselves with the unfamiliar.
Hating Women: A Constitution of Hate in Plain Sight
Authors: Brayson Kimberley
Published: August 2024

In April 2023, the U.K. government announced that misogyny would not be categorized as a hate crime stating that this “may prove more harmful than helpful.” This article argues that before and beyond hate crime, misogyny, understood as the hatred of women (from the Greek misein [hate] gynae [women]), is the foundational logic of our legal, social, and political order in the west. This constitution of hate relies on the active dehumanization, exploitation, and ownership of women’s bodies by the institution of white men through making women the object of the “colonization of the everyday.” This exhausting hatred is enacted through repetitive, unceasing, and everyday violence toward women. Simply put, patriarchal, colonial, capitalist democracy is only sustained through violence against women. Hating women is, therefore, not a pathology of society but rather is the necessary existence condition of our legal-political constitution, clear to see yet hiding in plain sight. Misogyny ensures the precarity of women’s bodies and women’s status as trespassers in everyday spaces that are deliberately always already misogynistic. Given the foundational nature of misogyny, did the government have a point in excluding endemic violence against women from hate crime as “more harmful than helpful?” Is hate crime merely constitutive of a cultural matrix of misogyny? This paper enacts a decolonial feminist prism to disrupt the cultural condition of misogyny by thinking hate crime together with legal-political constitutional and cultural change. The paper explores violence against women set against the historical emergence of misogyny from Greek dehumanization, to medieval persecution of “witches,” the muzzling and banning of women from public spaces, Shakespeare’s “Taming,” to contemporary femicide rates. Interrogating hate crime through this prism offers nuanced routes for how to disrupt the legal-political constitution of misogyny that is neither hidden nor new. Misogyny is enduring.
Cultivating Therapeutic Presence: A Pilot Project
Authors: Bloemer Nancy L , Biro Frank M
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Cultivating therapeutic presence is a pilot project for addressing perceived stress in a group of holistic healthcare workers. Design and Methods: The project incorporated mindfulness-based interventions, self-care techniques, and the establishment of supportive relationships. It was presented during the COVID pandemic to integrative health care workers at a children's hospital. Findings: There was an overall improvement in perceived stress scores across the series, with an effect size estimated by Cohen's d = .963, consistent with a large effect. Participants reported persistent effects on a survey administered five months after completion of the project, which included feeling more confident, using the techniques, and more effectively caring for themselves. Conclusions: This project integrated mindfulness-based interventions with self-care techniques, as well as strengthening support networks. Upon completion, perceived stress decreased, a finding that persisted for several months.
Experimental investigations of pressure fluctuations in low-head francis turbine model
Authors: Jhankal Nitin Kumar , Kumar Arun
Published: August 2024

The present study emphasizes the experimental investigations of pressure fluctuations characteristics of the steady flow behavior in a low-head Francis turbine model operating under various load conditions. The experimental study was conducted on a scaled model of the Francis turbine with a runner diameter of 0.31847 m with a head of 17.66 m and operated at a speed of 950 rpm. The pressure fluctuations ranged their operating points from 70% during part load, 100% at the best efficiency point, to 110% under overload conditions. Pressure field measurements were conducted using miniature-type pressure sensors. Eight sensors were strategically placed at various locations, ranging from the spiral casing inlet to the draft tube. The outcomes facilitated identifying the sources of pressure fluctuations. Substantial pressure oscillation occurs on the model runner, vaneless space, and draft tube cone. The rotating vortex rope was formulated during the part load operation. The results show that the fundamental frequency of pressure fluctuations was 0.375 times the rotational runner frequency and strong pressure fluctuations were observed during part load operation.