bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of diarrhea and its differentials among under-five children in Nepal
Authors: Joshi Mili , Aryal Sukriti , Shrestha Ira , Bhandary Shital
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality in under-five children in developing countries. The treatment of diarrhea is critical in reducing the mortality due to diarrhea. Since socio- demographic parameters play a very important role in the implementation of treatment, it is very crucial to take it into consideration while developing national level programs and policies. Methods: The 2011 NDHS data was used in this study. Treatment of diarrhea using various methods were explored first followed by bivariate analysis of treatment of diarrhea with and without any methods as dependent variable and socio-demographic variables of the mother and children as independent variables. Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find the independent association of independent variable/s with the dependent variable. Results: Bivariate analysis showed significant association of childrenâ€™s age and sex, bloody diarrhea, wealth quintiles and ethnicity of mothers on receiving any treatment methods for diarrhea in under-five children. Multivariate analysis revealed independent association of receiving any treatment for diarrhea for children less than six months, male child, women of richer household and dalit caste. Conclusion: It is recommended that the policy makers should focus on female child less than 6 months and women belonging to the dalit caste and living in the poor households while planning for any programs related to treatment of diarrhea in the country.
Teenage pregnancy and low birth weight babies at Patan Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Sitaram
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is related to increased maternal and new born mortality and morbidity. Increase delivery of low birth weight is one of the important adverse outcome of teenage pregnancy.1 This study is done to evaluate the prevalence of low birth weight in teenage pregnancy.

Methods: This is a cross section study conducted at Patan hospital. Data from the delivery record from August 2010 to July 2011. Incidence of teenage pregnancy along with low birth weight were recorded.

Results: Out of 8587 deliveries during one year period, teenage pregnancy was 4.4%. Out of 375 teenage pregnancies 24% deliveries resulted in low birth weight baby.

Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy was observed in this study also along with deliveries resulting in low birth weight.
OP poisoning in children: a review
Authors: Shrestha SR
Published: March 2023

Poisoning is a relatively important health problem among children. Each year around the world approximately two million children under the age of five are poisoned. Children are adventurous and inquisitive, hence the high incidence of poisoning being recorded during their developmental period. The majority of poisoning cases are involuntary and inadvertent. Children may be victim of different types f poisoning and among them organophosphorous compound poisoning is in our day to day practice. Organophosphorous compounds which are available in different forms and used as agricultural and household insecticides and in the treatment of animal ectoparasites and human lice infestation. These substances are absorbed via the lungs, skin and the alimentary tract. Food including stored grains contaminated by a spray of these insecticides had been known to cause severe poisoning.This review article will remind the history of OP poisoning in short and will discuss about the classification of poisoning according to the toxicity of the compounds. Further it will discuss about the clinical features of this poisoning and lastly briefly talk about its management.
Acute poisoning cases in emergency department of tertiary level hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Baral D , Rajbhandari S , Shrestha A , Basyal B , Prasad PN
Published: March 2023

Introduction: To determine the pattern of acute poisoning cases presenting to the Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Nepal.

Method: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in the emergency department of TUTH analyzing the data of poisoningw cases that attended emergency during one year period.

Result: A total of 276 cases presented to the emergency during the period of one yearfrom February 9, 2010 to February 8, 2011. There were 111 males (40.2%) and 165 females (59.8%). Most of the patients (42%) were in age group of 20-30 years. 170 (61.6%) patients were married. Occupation wise, 31.5% of the cases were housewives, 30.1% were students and 14.5% were laborers. Most of the cases were suicidal (75.4%). Insecticide was the most common poison (40.2%) whereas in 46 patients the poisons could not be identified. Oral was the route of poisoning in almost all cases (99.6%). Most of the cases had presented within 12 hours of intake of poison. Previous psychiatric illness was present in 13 cases (4.7%). Only 12 cases (4.3%) were admitted.

Conclusion: Females and young people are at greater risk of poisoning. The most common agent is insecticide and selfpoisoning is the most common mode of poisoning.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome complicating spontaneous molar pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Gaire Sushila , K.C Bipana , Mahat Pradeep , Neupane Jeevan , Chaubey Mandip Kumar
Published: March 2023

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a rare finding that occurs in early pregnancy. There is a rapidly increasing ovarian size secreting vasoactive substances that lead to fluid shift into third spaces. It can be associated with a spectrum of other clinical findings, including ascites, hemoconcentration, hypercoagulability, and electrolyte imbalances. OHSS most commonly occurs as a complication of treatment with in vitro fertilization medications, such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. OHSS has infrequently been reported to be caused by high hCG levels in molar pregnancies. We present a case of OHSS complicating spontaneous molar pregnancy. A 25‑year gravida 3, para 2+0, living 2 lady presented with complaints of continuous vaginal bleeding for 2 weeks and lower abdominal pain at 17 weeks' gestation. A bulky uterus containing a large hyperechoic structure with multiple cystic spaces suggestive of complete molar gestation and enlarged ovaries containing multiple cysts were seen on ultrasound imaging. She was managed successfully with conservative and supportive treatment.
Down syndrome and its screening: knowledge, attitude and practice among pregnant women in Patan Hospital
Authors: Gurung Padma , Baniya Jeena , Malla Sameer
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of intellectual disability among live born children which can be detected prenatally. This study aims to assess the knowledge attitude and practice of pregnant women about Down syndrome and its available prenatal diagnosis.

 

Method: A study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Patan Academy of Health Sciences in 2021.All pregnant ladies who attended the antenatal clinic received a self-administered validated questionnaire to determine their knowledge of Down syndrome, its screening test and willingness to do prenatal testing.

 

Result: Majority of the participants (88%) belonged to age group of 18 to 35 years.59% were primigravidas. Almost 90% were Hindus and 55% had graduate level education. More than half of the participants had poor knowledge of DS and 60 % had no idea regarding the screening tests. However, more than half (56%) of them were willing to undergo screening for DS. One fifth of the women did not want to continue the pregnancy if baby had DS. Higher income is significantly associated with good knowledge in both domain (knowledge about DS, and knowledge about its screening). Illiterates are found to have better knowledge than educated group which seems a bit contradictory, but this might have been due to our smaller sample size.

 

Conclusion: There is a significant gap between women’s knowledge and their attitudes and practice, which has to be addressed with local and national policies and protocols. Informed decision making should be the norm after empowering pregnant women with knowledge.
Optimal acute care of the older adults
Authors: Shrestha Roshana
Published: March 2023

The emergency departments (ED) present as the gateway to healthcare services for an increasing number of older adults. Acute care of this vulnerable population in a busy ED presents its own unique challenge. They have higher mortality in the hospital and following discharge, a higher revisit rate to the ED, and are at a higher risk of functional decline following an ED visit. Extra caution and mindfulness are needed when caring for them as they differ from younger patients in several ways. This article tries to put forward feasible strategies with an integral and holistic view to meet their complex need in the ED.
Superficial vein thrombosis in a child with methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) heterozygous mutation: a case report
Authors: Twanabasu Sajal , Shrestha Kipa , Das Sunil Kumar
Published: March 2023

Methylene Tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation leads to increased plasma homocysteine levels which is associated with increased risk of thrombosis. MTHFR mutation might be one of the unusual cause of thrombosis besides the usual risk factors like trauma, venous procedures, surgery, malignancy and immobility. We report a case of 13 years old male presenting with superficial venous thrombosis in bilateral forearm who later on evaluation was found to have heterozygous Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) mutation.
Adequacy of information provided in the informed consent to patients undergoing surgery at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Joshi Arabind , Bhandary Shital , Maharjan Rony , Sah Mukesh Kumar
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Informed consent gives patient assurance and faith by providing information on diagnostic and therapeutic methods, risks, cost, complications, and alternative treatment options.  This study aims to determine the adequacy of information provided in preoperative informed consent in everyday practice.

Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 388 patients undergoing surgery at Patan Hospital from November, 2016 to April, 2017. Respondentsâ€™ characteristics with Adequacy of information scale (AOI scale) were evaluated. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated for descriptive study while Student t-test and ANOVA test was applied for assessing association between categorical variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 

Result: Among participants 52.6% were females and 47.4% males with mean age of 40.69 years. Most of the patients were literate and with higher education. Male patients, exhibit a statistically significant higher AOI scale (p value <0.001) then females. Illiterates and people with higher education had statistically significant lower mean AOI scales (p value <0.001) compared to literates. A high mean AOI scale was associated with active involvement of both the surgeon and the patient in the decision-making process (p value <0.0001). Even among patients satisfied with consent process mean AOI scale was low (4.30=53.75%). The mean AOI scale did not differ significantly amongst patients of different ages, marital status, religion or caste.

Conclusion: There is a need of improving the preoperative informed consent process as adequacy of information provided is still lacking.

Keywords: Adequacy of information scale (AOI scale), informed consent, Patan Hospital, patient satisfaction
Histological Features of Kidney Observed Through Conventional Microscope and Paper Microscope, A Comparative Study
Authors: Singh Poonam , Phuyal Naveen , Paudel Sushanta , Malla Kaushal
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Paper microscope (Foldscope), one of the latest inventions in the field of science is an ultra-low cost, portable, versatile, and water proof microscope which does not require electricity. The aim of this research was to compare histological features of kidney observed in the normal microscope and foldscope. This research is focused on the comparison of the histological features of kidney observed in the conventional microscope and foldscope under 100X.

Method:  This comparative study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. All histological slides of kidneys present at Department of Anatomy during June 2019-September 2019 were included in this study.

Result: A total of 25 samples were viewed under the conventional laboratory microscope (C x L and Paper Microscope (Foldscope). Foldscope observers were able to distinguish the histological features of the cortex and the medulla of the kidney along with the difference in the luminal size and the staining of the cells in the cortex and the medulla of the kidney. In comparison to conventional microscope, 5 (20%) of samples, observers were able to distinguish the features of the cells lining the tubules of the cortex and in 6 (24%) of samples, observers were able to distinguish the features of the cell lining collecting duct and straight tubules of loop of Henle of medulla using Foldoscope.

Conclusion:  Paper microscope can be a useful alternative of conventional microscope in low resource settings for the identification of the histological samples.
Animal bite wound categories, their determinants and health seeking behaviors among patients presenting to the anti-rabies clinic at a tertiary care hospital of Kathmandu: a mixed methods study
Authors: Mishra Abadhesh Kumar , Bhandary Shital
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Rabies, an invariably fatal viral disease, is transmitted to humans through animal bites, most commonly dogs. There is little information about categories of wounds due to animal bites, their determinants and health seeking behaviors in Nepal. This study aims to find out different categories of the animal bite wounds , their determinants and health seeking behaviors among the  patients presenting to the anti-rabies clinic at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Kathmandu.

 

Method:  This study is based on concurrent, triangulation (quantitative dominant) mixed method design. Those animal bite cases who attended Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital were the participants of the study. Data was collected purposively for 1 week and total number of respondents were 50. Then convergent, divergent, expansive findings were triangulated from the quantitative and qualitative data analysis.

 

Result: Most common type of animal was dog (74%) and most common category of the wound was category 2 (70%) followed by category 3 (30%). Most common site of exposure was leg (58%). Most common place of first visit after animal bite was health facility (94%). Around 46% of patients were referred from other places. Convergent findings revealed the most common type of animal that bit was dog. Divergent findings revealed the existence of cultural practices and consultations with local practitioner as the place of first visit after animal bite. Expansive findings revealed suggestions of preventing animal bites and decreasing referral of patients with animal bite.

 

Conclusion: Most common type of bite was dog-bite. Most common site of exposure was lower extremity of the body. Category 2 bite was the most common. They gave important suggestions to prevent future animal bites and to decrease referral of the animal bite injury patients from the periphery to this hospital.
Variation of clinical features in COVID-19: A narrative review
Authors: Bhusal Laxman , Bom Rabin , Devkota Dibya
Published: March 2023

Introduction: COVID-19 is global pandemic condition caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which started in December in China, affecting 216 countries till date. Lack of experience and diverse clinical features of this virus is alarming to scientists and health personals.

Method: Systemic review search conducted using pub med, google scholar, WHO and CDC. Search was done using terms Coronavirus, clinical features, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERSCoV and COVID-19. COVID-19 or SARS-Cpv-2 related original English literature research, review articles, case reports, meta-analysis and systemic review were included.

Result: Having higher infectivity of COVID-19 compared to previous epidemics of coronavirus, droplet transmission occurs both from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Aerosol transmission occurs in protracted exposure to elevated concentrations of virus. Besides fever, cough and SOB, GI symptoms like nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea were seen. Anosmia is evolving as new clinical feature. Increased thrombotic complications in critically ill patients were pronounced. Most cases were mild with low case fatality rate ranging from 2.3-7.2% among critical patients.

Conclusion: Despite recent advances and increasing studies, the global pandemic COVID-19 still remains major headache and challenging for governments across the world due to limited testing capacity, treatment and vaccine.
Perinatal outcomes of pregnancies with borderline versus normal amniotic fluid index â€“ A prospective study
Authors: Mishra Anamika , Neupane Ram Prasad , Prasad Pratap Narayan , Thakur Abhishek Kumar
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Amniotic fluid cavity filled with liquor amnii is a natural floating bed for fetus required  for its existence and growth in sterile environment, regulation of temperature, avoidance of external injury and reduction of impact of uterine contractions. Amniotic fluid has high influence on the fetal outcome and is directly related to the perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to compare the pregnancy outcomes in patients with borderline AFI between 5-8 cm and normal AFI >/= 8-24 cm.

Method: This was a prospective observational study of 108 pregnant women. After Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) assessment, they were categorized into two groups: those with AFI 5-8 cm (Group 1) and with AFI >/=8-24 cm (Group 2) accordingly. Pregnancy outcomes was noted in terms of mode of delivery, amniotic fluid colour & fetal birth weight.

Result: Six(11.1%) had instrumental delivery & 28 (51.8%) had Cesarean section in borderline AFI group. 6 (11.1%) had instrumental delivery & 14 (26%) had Cesarean section in normal AFI  group. 28 (51.9%) had meconium stained amniotic fluid in borderline AFI group & 13 (24.1 %) had meconium stained amniotic fluid in normal AFI group. 110 (18.5%) newborns had fetal birth weight of <2.5 kg in borderline AFI group & 1 (1.9%)  newborns had fetal birth weight <2.5 kg in normal AFI group.

Conclusion: Amniotic Fluid Index between 5-8 cm during term pregnancy has a significant association with higher rate of intervention during delivery, higher rate of meconium staining of liquor & a significantly higher rate of low birth weight.
The first Tornado in Nepal: March 2019
Authors: Jha Tribhuvan Chandra
Published: March 2023

On March 2019, first tornado was observed in Nepal. Bara and Parsa was two district that faced the disaster. As patient started to come into the hospital, we had shortage of medicine and space. We managed the surge of patient with triaging, first line treatment and referral of the critical patients. There were many crush and cut injuries and most of the critically ill patient had head injury and hypothermia.
Influence of biliary stents on the diagnostic outcome of endoscopic ultrasound–guided tissue acquisition from solid pancreatic lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Giri Suprabhat , Afzalpurkar Shivaraj , Angadi Sumaswi , Varghese Jijo , Sundaram Sridhar
Published: March 2023

Background/Aims: This meta-analysis analyzed the effect of an indwelling biliary stent on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)–guided tissue acquisition from pancreatic lesions.Methods: A literature search was performed to identify studies published between 2000 and July 2022 comparing the diagnostic outcomes of EUS-TA in patients with or without biliary stents. For non-strict criteria, samples reported as malignant or suspicious for malignancy were included, whereas for strict criteria, only samples reported as malignant were included in the analysis.Results: Nine studies were included in this analysis. The odds of an accurate diagnosis were significantly lower in patients with indwelling stents using both non-strict (odds ratio [OR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52–0.90) and strict criteria (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.46–0.74). The pooled sensitivity with and without stents were similar (87% vs. 91%) using non-strict criteria. However, patients with stents had a lower pooled sensitivity (79% vs. 88%) when using strict criteria. The sample inadequacy rate was comparable between groups (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.76–1.65). The diagnostic accuracy and sample inadequacy were comparable between plastic and metal biliary stents.Conclusions: The presence of a biliary stent may negatively affect the diagnostic outcome of EUS-TA for pancreatic lesions.
O tempo presente como desafio à historiografia e ao ensino de história em contexto de crise democrática
Authors: Pinha Daniel
Published: March 2023

O artigo analisa os efeitos da crise democrática brasileira do tempo presente na historiografia e no ensino de história no Brasil. Partindo da hipótese de que a crise é expressão de uma ambivalência entre movimentos de corrosão e alargamento do conceito de democracia forjado nos termos do processo de redemocratização sintetizados na Constituição de 1988, sugere que o ambiente contemporâneo em crise remodela as formas de narrar a história por seus especialistas – historiadores e professores –, trazendo à tona a necessidade de alargamento das fronteiras disciplinares em função das demandas do tempo presente. Examina as táticas discursivas negacionistas – associadas ao projeto político de corrosão democrática – e os movimentos por alargamento da democratização, desestabilizadores de estruturas de classe-raça-gênero, fundadoras das exclusões e hierarquizações das diferenças na formação social brasileira.
The Protected Burial Mound ‘Store Vejlhøj’, Vinderup, Denmark: First Results
Authors: Løvschal Mette , Ombashi Havananda , Andreasen Marianne Høyem , Ejstrud Bo , Enevikd Renée , Jensen Astrid , Klingenberg Mette , Kristiansen Søren Munch , Nielsen Nina Helt
Published: March 2023

An archaeological excavation of the protected burial mound Store Vejlhøj in northwestern Denmark was carried out in October-November 2021. The excavation formed part of the ERC-funded research project called ANTHEA, focusing on the deep history of anthropogenic heathlands. It was conducted by Aarhus University in collaboration with Holstebro Museum and Moesgaard Museum. The aim was to test a new method of sampling pollen data from different construction stages in a burial mound and comparing them with pollen data from nearby lake sediments with a view to improving our understanding of prehistoric anthropogenic heathland dynamics. Prior to the excavation, soil cores were collected from two nearby peat sediments as well as six burial mounds (including Store Vejlhøj) within a 1 km range of Lake Skånsø, where previous pollen analyses had been carried out. Based on these preliminary corings, Store Vejlhøj was selected for further archaeological investigation. A dispensation for excavating the protected mound was granted by the Danish Palaces and Culture Agency. The excavation was based on a 5 m long trench through the barrow, moving from its foot inwards. The surface vegetation and 40 cm topsoil were removed by an excavator, after which the remainder of the trench was manually dug in horizontal layers. Observation conditions were good. The excavation revealed a series of well-defined barrow construction stages, as well as unusually wellpreserved turf structures. Only two archaeological finds could be related to the barrow, both of which were later than its initial construction: a secondary urn in the top layer, and the base of a second urn at the foot of the mound. The burial mound was constructed using a minimum of three shells, which could be observed in the trench profile. Turfs were most probably collected locally in a landscape dominated by grass pastures, where no previous turf cutting had taken place. A total of 34 soil samples were collected for paleoecological analyses (pollen, Non-Pollen Polymorphs (NPPs), macrofossils) and geoarchaeological analyses (micromorphology, bulk samples). Preliminary pollen and macrofossil results from the burial mound revealed poor preservation conditions, which prompted a trench extension of 0.5 m by 0.2 m to find better preservation conditions. This extension resulted in the collection of a single final macrofossil sample, although there was no identifiable change in the in-situ preservation conditions. The dating results of the mound have not yet been completed and will be included as appendix 4-6 in 2023.
Collaborating Off the Beaten Track
Authors: Marsh Selina Tusitala , Sword Helen
Published: March 2023

Writing off the beaten track requires confidence, courage, and chutzpah. Collaborating off the beaten track requires something more: trust, for a start, not to mention flexibility, respect, a robust sense of humour, and an appetite for intellectual risk-taking. Join us as we revisit some memorable moments from the off-piste collaboration of a book author (Helen) and an illustrator (Selina) who also happen to be colleagues, co-mentors, and friends. The title and topic of Helen’s book, Writing with Pleasure, became the modus operandi of our collaborative process as we negotiated the challenges and rewards of venturing into new territory together. Like the forty illustrated panels that we co-produced for the book, these storyboarded scenes confound academic conventions and resist easy explication. Instead, they “gesture toward, lean into, sport with, learn from, dance around, and laugh about” (Sword, 2023, p. ii) the themes that they address: from shadowy sharks to unexpected treasures; from structural designs to serendipitous discovery; from imposter syndrome to creative confidence; and from surprise to delight.
The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness on Economic Growth: Evidence from Five African Countries
Authors: Chibalamula Haggai Chibale , Evans Yeboah , Kachelo Mukuka , Bamwesigye Dastan
Published: March 2023

Through some empirical studies, the flow of FDI and trade openness have proven to support economic growth in developing countries. This paper examines the significance of FDI and trade openness in five African countries (Ghana, Morocco, Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia). The study employed the panel data analysis method using data from the World Bank for the period 1994-2019 for the five selected countries. The result from the Random effect model indicated that FDI positively supports growth, whereas trade openness harms economic growth in these countries. The outcome further revealed that Uganda enjoys more significance than the other countries using the countries' dummies through the pooled model estimation. We recommend that various governments focus more on exports, reduce imports, attract more FDI through incentives, and create a regulatory environment that is friendly to FDI.
Colonic Slow Transit in Patients with Dyssynergic Defecation and Effectiveness of Biofeedback Therapy
Authors: ARI Derya , ÖZTÜRK Ömer , ÖZDERİN Yasemin , TURAN GÖKÇE Dilara , TENLİK İlyas , BACAKSIZ Ferhat , GÖKBULUT Volkan , COŞKUN Orhan
Published: March 2023

Background: Colonic transit is delayed in two-thirds of patients with dyssynergic defecation. As a result, it's possible that dyssynergic defecation and slow transit constipation are linked. There is a scarcity of research on the coexistence of dyssynergic defecation and slow transit constipation, as well as the efficacy of biofeedback therapy in this group of patients.

Methods: The results of anorectal manometry and MR defecography were used to make the diagnosis of dyssynergic defecation. The colon transit time was measured with the help of 24 specially marked markers. All of the patients were given biofeedback therapy.

Results: The average age of the 17 patients with dyssynergic defecation in the study was 45.6 years. The colon transit time was prolonged in seven patients (41.2%). In anorectal manometry, 7 patients (41.2%) had improved dyssynergic defecation after dyssynergic defecation. When the relationship between colon transit time and biofeedback therapy was investigated, it was discovered that normal colon transit time was found in 85.7 percent of those who benefited from biofeedback therapy, while slow transit constipation was found in 60% of those who did not.

Conclusion: In patients with pre- biofeedback therapy and dyssynergic defecation, colon transit time should be evaluated, and it should be kept in mind that these patients may be resistant to treatment in the case of accompanying slow transit constipation.
EFFECT OF THİAMİNE ON MORPHİNE ANALGESİA AND TOLERANCE İN RATS
Authors: ÇETİNDAĞ ÇİLTAŞ Arzuhan , ÖZTÜRK Ayşegül
Published: March 2023

Absract: The latest research have demonstrated that inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis plays a majör role in morphine analgesia and tolerance development. This search goals to examine the possible role of thiamine use on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the development of morphine analgesia and morphine tolerance in rats.

Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were severed into six groups: saline, 100 mg/kg thiamine, 5 mg/kg morphine, thiamine + morphine, morphine tolerance and thiamine + morphine tolerance. The resulting analgesic effect was measured by hot plate and tail movement analgesia tests. TAS and TOS, inflammation parameters, and apoptosis protein levels of the dorsal root ganglion tissues sample were measured using an ELISA kit.

Results: When thiamine was given alone, it did not show anti-nociceptive effect (p>0.05). In addition, thiamine enhanced the analgesic effect of morphine (p < 0.05) and also significantly reduced tolerance to morphine (p < 0.05). However, it reduced TOS when administered with a single dose of morphine and tolerance induction (p < 0.05). In addition, thiamine reduced apoptosis protein levels after tolerance development (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Consequently, these results may attain by reducing TOS, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Social Phobia Prevalence among Academicians in Cumhuriyet University
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Levent , EKİCİ KOŞAROĞLU Nagehan , ALYILMAZ Asena İlbilge , BAYAZİT Tuğçe , GÜNDOĞDU Gamze , KILIÇ Esma , SÜMER Haldun
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Aim: Social phobia; It is a public health problem that can lead to failure in

working life, major depression and even suicide.The aim of this study was to investigate the

prevalence of social phobia and related factors in academicians from Cumhuriyet University.

Method: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2017. The universe of the study

consists of 1605 academicians working in the health, science and social science fields of

Cumhuriyet University. The sample size was determined as 216. A two-part questionnaire

was applied to the participants. The first part consists of questions that investigating the

sociodemographic characteristics and the variables that we think are related to social phobia.

The second part consists of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS)

Results: The frequency of social phobia was found to be 9.0%. While the prevalence of mild

and significant social phobia was 3.6%, the prevalence of social phobia was 1.8%. More than

half of the academicians show avoidance behavior in situations requiring performance.

Conclusion: As a result, it has been found that social phobia has a significant frequency of

9.0%. This situation, which may adversely affect the professional performance and mental

health of academicians, is important for public health.
O licenciamento ambiental na legislação brasileira: uma análise a partir da visão crítica da justiça ambiental
Authors: Santos Pollyana Martins , Loreto Maria das Dores Saraiva de , Oliveira Marcelo Leles Romarco de
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a legislação ambiental brasileira referente ao licenciamento ambiental a partir da visão crítica da justiça ambiental, procurando compreender seu papel enquanto espaço formal de disputas por justiça ambiental. Para tanto, foram analisados instrumentos legais federais e estaduais, emanados pelos Poderes Legislativo, Executivo e, na esfera administrativa, pelos órgãos ambientais. Os dados foram processados por meio do software IRaMuTeQ, sendo empregadas as análises de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e Nuvem de Palavras. Os resultados apontaram, em todas as classes analisadas, elementos sinalizadores de injustiça ambiental. Assim, observou-se, no âmbito dos instrumentos legais analisados, um discurso hegemônico utilitarista, que reproduz o meio ambiente a partir do viés econômico, destituído de sentidos socioculturais. Neste sentido, conclui-se que a legislação brasileira referente ao licenciamento ambiental, além de não exercer seu papel na construção de resultados ambientalmente justos no âmbito dos conflitos ambientais, podem se transmudar em mecanismos legais de reprodução e legitimação de injustiças ambientais.
Bases cognitivas do direito econômico brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Salgado Rodrigo , Sampaio Mascarenhas Fábio , Begosso Ricardo
Published: March 2023

O presente artigo tem como objeto a análise das bases cognitivas do Direito Econômico Brasileiro. Busca-se, nesse sentido, avaliar o Direito Econômico no país a partir de sua perspectiva funcional, que procura explicar o complexo e gradual processo em que nasceram as bases que nutrem cognitivamente a tradição do direito econômico brasileiro, pautado em uma concepção finalístico-instrumental do direito amparada na realidade social; a teoria do subdesenvolvimento, da qual se extrai a equação que a economia política introduz como base cognitiva do direito econômico brasileiro, na busca pelo desenvolvimento; as lógicas da Constituição Econômica e Dirigente que delineiam a vinculação da atuação do Estado desenvolvimentista a determinadas regras, princípios e fins; e, por fim, seu recorte epistemológico no país a partir da leitura articulada das obras de Alberto Venâncio Filho, Washington Peluso Albino de Souza, Geraldo Vidigal, Fábio Konder Comparato, Eros Roberto Grau e Gilberto Bercovici. Tem-se como objetivo fornecer subsídios para a compreensão do panorama do Direito Econômico no país, no escopo das bases cognitivas delineadas. Conclui-se que o Direito Econômico brasileiro, frente as bases cognitivas estabelecidas, pode funcionar como um caminho jurídico para o desenvolvimento, que permite visualizar um modelo alternativo ao sistema econômico posto: o neoliberalismo.
Construction of CaTiO3/g-C3N4 Heterostructure for Boosting Photodegradation of Indigo Carmine under Visible Light Illumination
Authors: TUNA Özlem
Published: March 2023

A series of graphitic carbon nitride (CN) modified CaTiO3 (CTO) composites were synthesized and applied to photodegradation of indigo carmine (IC) The CTO/CN(III) heterostructure exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance for IC degradation under visible light irradiation. The degradation rate constants of IC by the optimal sample were 1.69 and 10.50 times that of CN and CTO, respectively. This could be attributed to the effective separation of photoexcited carriers easier. The photocatalyst dosage increased the removal efficiency, while the initial dye concentration negatively affected the IC degradation rate. Under acidic atmosphere, the catalyst showed superior degradation rate. Furthermore, the active substance (•O2 ¯) was the major active substance for IC photodegradation. On this basis, the possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism of CTO/CN(III) sample was proposed. In addition, the composite achieved considerable performance in ions-included water bodies, namely tap water and drinking water. This study provides a promising and stable photocatalyst as a graphitic carbon nitride modified with calcium-based perovskite for dye removal.
Macro-Capsule Fabrication via 3D Printing for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Encapsulation
Authors: KARACA Mehmet Ali , DİLEK KANÇAĞI Derya , ÖZBEK Uğur , OVALI Ercüment , GOK Ozgul
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Cell transplantation is a widely used method to induce cell-mediated immune reactions inside the body. However, possible immune responses to the transplanted cells decrease the efficiency of applied cell therapy. This issue can be addressed by the transplantation of cells via 3D-printed polymeric capsules which encapsulate cells and protect them from immune system attacks. Cell-loaded capsules (macro or micro) have emerged as potential carriers for more efficacious cellular therapies. In this study, 3D-printed porous capsules were prepared from biodegradable and biocompatible polyester “polycaprolactone (PCL)” and this macro-capsule was evaluated as a carrier for its cell encapsulation effectiveness.

Method: The macro-capsule was designed to have dimensions of 2x5x10 mm and drawn in Autodesk Fusion 360 program. PCL was utilized for its 3D bio-printing via Axolotl Bioprinter Dual Print Head System. Leakage on the closed form of the macro-capsule was visually controlled by surface electron microscopy (SEM). Permeability of the macro-capsule was tested with trypan blue dye and human serum albumin (HSA) protein. Sterilization of the obtained macro-capsule was achieved via UV light and the cytotoxicity of the polycaprolactone capsule was tested for 24 and 72 hour incubation time periods.

Results: The semi-permeable macro-capsule was successfully obtained as closed and hollow form. Its porous structure was demonstrated using trypan blue dye. To evaluate the porosity of the macrocapsule, human serum albumin (HSA) protein release was performed from the macrocapsule. It has been shown that 98% of HSA was released from the macrocapsule within 24 hours. The polycaprolactone (PCL) macrocapsule was sterilized using UV light and was reported to show no in vitro cytotoxicity. In addition, it was shown that the cells in the macro-capsule consumed at least 10% glucose from the outside medium during 12 days of incubation, compared to 2D cell culture conditions, and were able to release at least 8% of the lactic acid molecules outside.

Conclusion: In conclusion, reproducible fabrication of polymer macro-capsule, high viability of encapsulated cells inside, and their metabolic assessment results have obviously indicated the potential of these capsules as effective carriers for living cells with transplantation-dependent cellular therapies.
Stongly Confined Electromagnetic Waves in a Hybrid Photonic–Plasmonic Resonator for Enhancing Light–Matter Interaction
Authors: GÖKBULUT Belkıs
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a 1D photonic crystal waveguide and a plasmonic compound nano-system are utilized to design a hybrid photonic-plasmonic device for enhancement of light–matter interaction. Strongly localized light waves in a very small volume intensify the optical field, via surface plasmons due to presence of a gold nanoparticle, which interacts with the resonator’s cavity mode while the photonic crystal nanobeam ensures a high temporal confinement. The enhancement factor of light–matter interaction in the hybrid resonator is investigated through the single-atom cooperativity parameters based on numerically obtained results, which is calculated to be 14 as a result of the considerably reduced optical mode volume in the presence of the plasmonic nanoparticle. Additionally, the theoretical models and calculation procedures, presented in this paper, are demonstrated to be pioneering for the fabrication of efficient quantum devices based on hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonators.
Elektrikli Araçlarda Hava Giriş Konumu ve Hızının Batarya Soğutma Performansına Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: UZAL Hasan , ŞENER Ramazan , OKTAY Hasan
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada, hava giriş konumu ve hızının, hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği (HAD) simülasyonları kullanılarak elektrikli araçlarda (EA'lar) nikel-metal hidrür (Ni-MH) batarya paketinin soğutma performansı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. EA'lara olan talebin artması, araçların güvenliğini sağlamak için gelişmiş batarya soğutma performansına ihtiyaç duyulmasına neden olmuştur. Ni-MH batarya takımının soğutma performansı, batarya takımının 0 ila 60 mm arasında değişen giriş konumları ve sabit çıkış konumu ile hem U hem de Z kanalı geometrilerinde analiz edilmiştir. Hava giriş hızları 2 ila 6 m/s arasında değişmektedir. Sonuçlar, hava giriş konumu arttıkça sıcaklık değerlerinin düştüğünü, ancak 30 mm'lik giriş konumundan sonra düşüşün önemsiz hale geldiğini göstermektedir. Bu, hava akışını batarya takımını tamamen dolaştırmaya ve ısı transfer hızını artırmaya yönlendirmenin, hızı artırmaktan daha etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. En iyi soğutma performansının sırasıyla 316,86-327,75 K ve 316,27-317,46 K sıcaklık değerleri ile hem U hem de Z tipi kanallar için, 30 ve 60 mm giriş konumunda ve 6 m/s hızında olduğu bulunmuştur. Ek olarak, Z-tipi kanalın U-tipi kanaldan yaklaşık %6 daha fazla ısıyı dağıttığı görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları, EA’larda batarya ısıl yönetim sistemlerinin (BIYS) enerji verimliliğini artırmak için kullanılabilir. Havayı daha düşük hızlarda yönlendirerek, soğutma sisteminin enerji tüketimi azaltılabilir ve gerekli soğutma performansı korunabilir. Bu, sonuçta EA'ların menzilinin artmasına ve performansının gelişmesine yol açacaktır. Ek olarak, çalışma aynı zamanda EA’larda soğutma performansını optimize etmek ve araçların genel enerji verimliliğini artırmak için kullanılabilecek batarya paketi düzeninin tasarımı hakkında da fikir vermektedir.
Quantum state transport in a square-lattice superconducting qubit circuit under gauge potential
Authors: Zhao Yan-Jun , Tan Ning , Wang Yu-Qi , Zheng Ya-Rui , Wang Hui , Liu Wu-Ming ,   Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China,   Quantum Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518033, China,   Inspur Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Jinan 250011, China,   Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   College of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we study the transport properties of quantum states in the square-lattice quantum bit model by using inductive couplers to generate the artificial gauge potential (effective magnetic flux). It is found by theoretical calculation that the eigenstates of single particle and single hole have the same eigen energy spectrum, and the average particle and hole currents, sinusoidally modulated by the effective magnetic flux, are opposite to each other with respect to the same eigen energy. For an initial single-particle or single-hole state where only one lattice site is occuplied, if the time-inversion symmetry is preserved (the effective magnetic flux is an integral multiple of 4π), the components of the time-dependent wave functions of the single particle and the single hole are equal, otherwise they are not equal. The analysis demonstrates that the above calculation results are due to the fact that the particle-hole operation for the system Hamiltonian is equivalent to the time inversion. In addition, it is found that when the effective magnetic flux is π, a single particle or a single hole is only transported between the initial bit and two adjacent bits, and when the effective magnetic flux is 0, a single particle or a single hole is transported to the diagonal bit through two adjacent bits, and then transported in reverse. Regardless of the value of effective magnetic flux, both the single-particle and single-hole states share the same average (particle or hole) current and lattice site occupation probability.
Comparison of Calcified Plaque Volume in Coronary Arteries using Filtered Back Projection and Intelli IP Advanced at CT-scan 128 Slice
Authors:   Radiologic Imaging Technology Program, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, Pratama Naufal Arya , Muqmiroh Lailatul ,   Radiologic Imaging Technology Program, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, Sari Amillia Kartika ,   Radiologic Imaging Technology Program, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, Ferriastuti Widiana ,   Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, Syivasari Falentina ,   Department of Radiology, Mitra Keluarga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, Muhaimin  ,   Radiologic Imaging Technology Program, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, Prassetyo Sidarta ,   Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, Nguyen Cong Tien ,   Department of Radiology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, Phuong Phan Anh ,   Department of Radiology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, Luu Vu Dang ,   Department of Radiology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: March 2023

Calcified plaque has a major effect on increasing plaque volume which can increase the risk of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The use of Filtered Back Projection (FBP) on CT-scans still has flaws in terms of image quality that can result in errors in the calculation of plaque volume. Intelli IP Advanced is hitachi CT-scan’s Iterative Reconstruction (IR) type and can improve image quality compared to FBP. The purpose of this study is to find out the comparison of calcified plaque volume in coronary arteries using FBP and Intelli IP Advanced. This study used 38 samples of coronary artery blood vessels that had calcified plaque and reconstructed using the reconstruction of FBP and Intelli IP Advanced algorithms (Levels 1-3). Plaque calculation is done automatically using aquarius intuition edition application on CT-scan Hitachi SCENARIA 128 Slice. The results in this study found significant differences (p < 0.05) in calcified plaque volume results with the use of FBP and Intelli IP Advanced algorithm reconstruction (Levels 1-3). However, significant differences are found only in algorithm reconstruction pairs (Intelli IP Advanced Level 1 and Level 3) that have a p < 0.05. The conclusion is that IR affects the volume value of calcified plaque.