bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AGU briefs Congressional Staff on Hurricane Report
Authors: Zielinski Sarah
Published: October 2006

AGU President Tim Killeen and two authors of AGU's recent report “Hurricanes and the U.S. Gulf Coast: Science and Sustainable Rebuilding” held two briefings on the report's findings for congressional staff members on 29 June in Washington, D.C.

“This is an effort on the part of a large scientific society to say that we have a body of knowledge that is relevant, and it ought to be connected into the decision‐making that is very important to the nation,” Killeen noted.
Congress assesses climate change paleodata
Authors: Bierly Eugene W.
Published: October 2006

The ‘hockey stick’ graph of surface temperature change over the past millennium and implications for climate change assessments was the subject of two hearings held by the U.S. House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, on 19 and 27 July. These hearings marked only the second time that the committee has discussed climate issues since George W. Bush became president.

The hearings were called to investigate papers published in 1998 and 1999 by Michael Mann (Pennsylvania State University) et al. that showed that surface temperatures for most of the past millennium were flat and then rose significantly in the late twentieth century like the blade of a hockey stick. Their graph of temperature in the Northern Hemisphere during the past 1000 years was reconstructed from proxy data, such as tree rings, ice cores, and other indirect data sources.
On “The Holocene CO2 rise: Anthropogenic or natural?”
Authors: Ruddiman William F.
Published: October 2006

Because the rising carbon dioxide (C02) trend in the late Holocene differs markedly from the natural C02 drops that occurred during the three previous interglaciations, I proposed that the Holocene increase is anthropogenic [Ruddiman, 2003]. Broecker and Stocker [2006] recently proposed using the stage 11 interglaciation (the fourth one before the present) as a potentially better analog for the Holocene because low orbital eccentricity produced similar insolation trends. They aligned termination V (the deglaciation that led into stage 11) with termination I (the most recent deglaciation) and counted forward in ‘elapsed time’ (Figure la).They noted that trends in C02 and deuterium (δD) remained at full interglacial levels early in both interglaciations and on that basis concluded that the late Holocene warmth is not only natural in origin but is also likely to last thousands of years into the future.
Significance of backwards sunspots debated
Authors: Zielinski Sarah
Published: October 2006

The appearance within the past five weeks of two sunspots with ‘backwards’ magnetic polarity has scientists debating whether they are the first sunspots of the new solar cycle. An early start to cycle 24, originally predicted to begin in 2007, could indicate that it will be more active than the current one, said David Hathaway, a solar physicist at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.

Nearly all of the sunspots in a solar cycle have the same magnetic polarity, which alternates with each new cycle, but sunspots from each cycle can overlap for a year or two during the switch.The official beginning of a new cycle, however, is determined from monthly averages of sunspot activity; only months after a minimum in activity has occurred can scientists say that a new cycle has begun.
Petroleum geologists' award to novelist Crichton is inappropriate
Authors: Brigham‐Grette Julie , Anderson Scott , Clague John , Cole Julia , Doran Peter , Gillespie Allan , Grimm Eric , Guccione Peggy , Hughen Konrad , Jackson Stephen , Jull Timothy , Leavitt Steven , Mandel Rolfe , Ortiz Joseph , Rodbell Donald , Schweger Charlie , Smith Alison , Styles Bonnie
Published: October 2006

The American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) announced in February that the group had given novelist Michael Crichton its 2006 Journalism Award for his novels Jurassic Park and State of Fear. AAPG states that the Journalism Award is intended to acknowledge those who have contributed to the public understanding of geology.

The Council of the American Quaternary Association (AMQUA),a professional organization of scientists who study the recent (Quaternary) period of geologic time in which mankind has flourished, feels it was inappropriate for AAPG to give a journalism award for State of Fear for two reasons. The novel is not journalism. Furthermore, it is fiction that presents a distorted view of global warming as a scientific hoax, and Crichton is using his prominence as a novelist and movie director to push his views into the scientific debate on global warming and its consequences.
Towards real‐time tsunami amplitude prediction
Authors: Sobolev Stephan , Babeyko Andrey , Wang Rongjiang , Galas Roman , Rothacher Markus , Lauterjung Jorn , Sein Dmitry , Schröter Jens , Subarya Cecep
Published: October 2006

The catastrophic consequences of the 2004 Indian Ocean and the recent (17 July) Java tsunamis demand the development of modern and robust tsunami early warning systems.The greatest challenge of the German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS), led by the National Center of Geosciences (GeoForschungsZentrum) in Potsdam, Germany, is to provide early tsunami warnings for the Indian Ocean coast of Indonesia where tsunamis can arrive 20–40 minutes after an earthquake.

This article shows that reliable prediction of tsunami wave heights at the Sumatra coast cannot be provided using traditional, earthquake‐magnitude‐based methods. Instead, a novel, real‐time warning technique based on special types of near‐field global positioning system (GPS) arrays—a ‘GPS shield’—may be more appropriate for Sumatra and elsewhere around the globe.
Ital's investment in research
Authors: Boschi Enzo
Published: October 2006

In their letter entitled “Italy's investment in research” (Eos, 87(26), 258, 27 June 2006), Benedetto De Vivo et al. present their views on several aspects of the Italian research system, with special emphasis on volcanology

Italy's public sector research is managed by the Ministry for University and Research (MIUR) through two channels: the universities and ‘public research institutions’ (EPRs). While the universities have education and basic research as their primary goals, the EPRs are dedicated to research in fields of industrial, technological, or environmental interest. Much like NASA, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States, the Italian National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) is one of these EPRs, with its primary goal being basic and applied research in various areas of geophysics.
2005 Editors' Citation for excellence in refereeing
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The reviewers listed below have been cited by Editors of AGU journals for excellence in refereeing. The Editors' citation (photographs provided as available) recognizes this special service to the Union, and these individuals are to be commended for consistently providing constructive and thoughtful reviews.
Magnetostatic interactions in a natural magnetite‐ulvöspinel system
Authors: Evans Michael E. , Krása David , Williams Wyn , Winklhofer Michael
Published: October 2006

Magnetostatic interactions have been investigated in an intergrown material consisting of ∼200‐nm magnetite blocks separated by ∼30‐nm‐wide ulvöspinel lamellae. First‐order reversal curve (FORC) measurements provide a direct measure of the interaction fields, giving a value for the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 30 mT (atHc = 20 mT). Hysteresis parameters are Mrs/Ms = 0.22, Hcr/Hc = 1.98 and transient energy dissipation (TED) = 0.18. Elimination of the intergrowth structure (by heating in vacuo) causes the FORC contours to shrink down toward the origin, yielding FWHM = 14 mT (at Hc = 6 mT) with corresponding changes in Mrs/Ms, Hcr/Hc and TED to 0.11, 2.73 and 0.28, respectively. All these characteristics reveal the strong influence of particle‐to‐particle magnetostatic interactions between the magnetite blocks in the starting material and demonstrate the change from single‐domain/pseudosingle‐domain to multidomain behavior due to the fundamental structural change brought about by the experimental homogenization. Micromagnetic calculations of particle assemblages representative for the intergrown structure confirm that the magnetite blocks will interact by assuming a supervortex magnetization structure.
Chemical observations of a polar vortex intrusion
Authors: Schoeberl M. R. , Kawa S. R. , Douglass A. R. , McGee T. J. , Browell E. V. , Waters J. , Livesey N. , Read W. , Froidevaux L. , Santee M. L. , Pumphrey H. C. , Lait L. R. , Twigg L.
Published: October 2006

An intrusion of vortex edge air into the interior of the Arctic polar vortex was observed on the 31 January 2005 flight of the NASA DC‐8 aircraft. This intrusion was identified as anomalously high values of ozone by Airborne Raman Ozone, Temperature, and Aerosol Lidar (AROTAL) and Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL). Our analysis shows that this intrusion formed when a blocking feature near Iceland collapsed, allowing edge air to sweep into the vortex interior. Analysis of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations made along the DC‐8 flight track also shows the intrusion in both ozone and HNO3. Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) were observed by the DIAL lidar on the DC‐8. The spatial variability of the PSCs can be explained using MLS HNO3 and H2O observations and meteorological analysis temperatures. We also estimate vortex denitrification using the relationship between N2O and HNO3. Reverse domain fill back trajectory calculations are used to focus on the features in the MLS data. The trajectory results improve the agreement between lidar measured ozone and MLS ozone and also improve the agreement between the HNO3 measurements and PSC locations. The back trajectory calculations allow us to compute the local denitrification rate and reduction of HCl within the filament. We estimate a denitrification rate of about 10% per day after exposure to below–PSC formation temperature.
Soil moisture initialization for climate prediction: Assimilation of scanning multifrequency microwave radiometer soil moisture data into a land surface model
Authors: Ni‐Meister Wenge , Houser Paul R. , Walker Jeffrey P.
Published: October 2006

Climate model prediction skill is currently limited in response to poor land surface soil moisture state initialization. However, initial soil moisture state prediction skill can potentially be enhanced by the assimilation of remotely sensed near‐surface soil moisture data in off‐line simulation. This study is one of the first to evaluate such potential using actual remote sensing data together with field observations. Here the ensemble Kalman filter (Kalman, 1960) is used to assimilate scanning multifrequency microwave radiometer derived near‐surface soil moisture data from 1979 to 1987 into the catchment‐based land surface model (CLSM). CLSM is used by the NASA Goddard Modeling and Assimilation Office global climate model. Enhancement to land surface soil moisture initialization skill is evaluated for Eurasia using the ground soil moisture measurements collected in Russia, Mongolia, and China. As initial model and observation error predictions were poor, the assimilation improved both the surface and root zone soil moisture estimates only when the observation error was less than the model error. This emphasizes the need for good quality remotely sensed soil moisture data sets, together with reliable observation and model error assessments, in order to ensure improved soil moisture estimates through data assimilation. When the relative magnitude of predicted observation and model error was matched to the error determined from field observation comparison, improvements in root zone and surface soil moisture estimates were guaranteed given unbiased model and satellite observations.
East Australian Continental Margin phosphorites
Authors: O'Brien Geoffrey , Heggie David
Published: October 2006

The present‐day formation of marine phosphorite nodules has been documented in only three areas, off Peru‐Chile, Namibia, and eastern Australia. The Peru‐Chilean and Namibian areas are both zones of coastal upwelling with associated high biological productivity, and the nodules form within rapidly accumulating anoxic, organic‐rich (much greater than 1.0 wt%) diatomaceous oozes [Baturin et al., 1972; Burnett and Veeh, 1977]. The principal component of the nodules, carbonate fluorapatite, apparently precipitates because abundant PO43− is released from the bacterial degradation of organic matter. This model is supported by pore water profiles, which show PO43− release in the upper few centimeters of the sediments, followed by strong PO43− and F− uptake at depth, the result of apatite precipitation.
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Oceans
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Marine sedimentary rocks now exposed on land are mainly deposits of shallow shelf seas, although ancient deep‐sea sediments do occur in the mountains. Thanks largely to the 15‐year effort by the Deep Sea Drilling Project of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI) Deep Earth Sampling Program, we have made quantum jumps in our understanding of the history of the ocean. Time has been added as the fourth dimension to oceanography, giving birth to a new interdisciplinary science, paleoceanography.

The International Lithosphere Program is a successor to the International Geodynamics Program of the 1970s. The program is coordinated by the Inter‐Union Commission on Lithosphere (ICL), a commission of the International Council of Scientific Unions. This volume, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Oceans, is an interim report of Working Group 7 of the International Lithosphere Project.
1987 Hess Medal presented to Julius Goldsmith
Authors: Goldsmith Julian R.
Published: October 2006

This is only the second time that the Harry H. Hess Medal has been awarded. This award is given for “outstanding achievement in research in the constitution and evolution of Earth and sister planets.” The fundamental building blocks of Earth and its nearest siblings are rocks and minerals. Julian Goldsmith's scientific life has been dedicated to understanding, on a fundamental level, how minerals behave, in order that we may better comprehend how Earth as a whole behaves.
Federal money for R&D levels off
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2006

The federal government spent slighdy less money on research and development at U.S. colleges and universities in 1986 than in 1985 after adjustment for inflation, according to figures released by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Despite sizable growth in the early 1980s, federal obligations for geoscience research in 1986 were also about the same as for the previous year. The recent stall comes at a time when the White House and Congress have been scrutinizing what has been widely perceived as a loss of competitiveness in U.S. science and technology.

Federal support for science and engineering research and development (R&D) in 1986 was $6.54 billion, while the private sector spent 10 times less, $657 million. Total federal assistance to colleges and universities was $11.6 billion, including $4.2 billion for Pell and Supplemental Education Opportunity grants. The information comes from an early release of an NSF report on federal support of university‐based research.
Fabry‐Perot Interferometers
Authors: Sica R. J.
Published: October 2006

This third volume of the Cambridge Studies in Modern Optics is a comprehensive and authoritative treatise on the design, construction, and analysis of measurements from these multiple‐beam instruments. Its treatment of the Fabry‐Perot interferometer is highly mathematical and unified, weaving together in a coherent and consistent format the work of over 400 different authors. The author is well qualified to discuss these topics, having used these devices to study the dynamics of the upper atmosphere for the past 25 years. During this time he has made several fundamental contributions to interferometry, in addition to aeronomy.
Deep crust drilled in Indian Ocean
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

For the first time, scientists have successfully drilled what appears to be a section of the lower ocean crust. Nearly half a kilometer of core recovered from a midocean ridge in the Indian Ocean could test fundamental hypotheses about crustal evolution, but the intrusiveigneous rocks recovered from the hole raise as many questions as they might answer.
Liason Committee on Paleomagnetic Data Base
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

Given recent initiatives by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) and the European Geophysical Society (EGS) for establishment of global and regional paleomagnetic data bases, it is important for the AGU GP Section to consider establishment of such a data base and to have effective input into decisions regarding international data bases. As a first step in this process, a group of 12 researchers in various subdisciplines of paleomagnetism met on Tuesday, December 8, 1987, during the AGU Fall Meeting to discuss whether establishment of a central computerized data base is a worthwhile goal. Participating in this meeting was Herbert Meyers, Chief of Solid Earth Geophysics Division of the National Geophysical Data Center (Boulder, Colo.).
Fall business meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

As an alternative to the usual luncheon and business meeting, AGU sections had wine and cheese parties at the 1987 Fall Meeting. The Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism (GP) Section preceded this informal gathering with its annual fall business meeting on Thursday, December 12. It was attended by some 60 people.

The first order of business was a comment by Richard Blakely (U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif.) thanking all those who assisted with and wrote articles for the GP section o f the U.S. National Report to the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). Then Subir Banerjee (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis) announced that the final report of the Asilomar Workshop on Rock Magnetism was available. Copies were passed out at the meeting; additional copies may be obtained from Banerjee or from AGU Headquarters.
TM data on disk
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2006

The Earth Observing Satellite Company (EOSAT) in Lanham, Md., is now selling Thematic Mapper data from Landsat satellites on floppy disks. The IBM PC‐compatible format of the data is designed to use with standard image‐processing software. Each subscene or set of data contains seven disks, one for each o f seven bands of radiation recorded by the Thematic Mapper instrument. The area covered in each subscene is about 213 km2 . Matthew Willard, EOSAT Planning Director, said the disks “will support the rapidly expanding sales of microcomputer‐based geographic information systems.” The information retrievable from the the TM data has application to geology, urban planning, soil science, hydrology, conservation, agriculture, and other fields.
Streamflows in western states lowest in over a decade
Authors: Hubbard Larry L.
Published: October 2006

In 1987, the western United States experienced the lowest streamflows since the 1977 drought. Provisional data indicate that summer flows in southern Idaho were the lowest ever recorded for that time of year, and in western Washington flows were the lowest in 40 years.

Severe water shortages occurred only in localized areas that were without adequate reservoir storage. In much of the west, storage levels in reservoirs at the beginning of the 1987 water year (October 1, 1986, to September 30, 1987) equaled or exceeded the average for that time of year. The quantity of water in storage and efficient management practices provided an a dequate supply of water for most uses, but some municipalities and other water suppliers instituted either voluntary or mandatory use restrictions.
Worldwide survey collects information on artificial recharge of groundwater
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

A task committee on guidelines for artificial recharge of groundwater, organized under the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), has developed a questionnaire for a worldwide survey on artificial recharge. The questionnaire requests information on artificial recharge research, operating projects, results of practice, available publications, and contact personnel. The ASCE task committee plans to present the information in an ASCE publication and eventually means to develop a manual of standard guidelines for artificial recharge projects. So far, several hundred responses have been received from 39 foreign countries and from 48 states of the United States. In spite of the good response that has already been received, the questionnaire is still available to people who would be willing to provide information on their experiences or who would like to indicate the current status of planning for artificial recharge in their country or state.
1987 Robert E. Horton Award to Thomas Dunne
Authors: Dunne Thomas
Published: October 2006

Robert Horton demonstrated in his seminal 1945 paper that physically based quantitative models for landscape evolution can be constructed by using predicted overland flow in a sediment transport equation for sheetwash. He envisioned drainage network evolution by infiltration‐limited overland flow as a process of channel incision, network growth, and then abstraction to a stable channel network fed by hillslopes too short for channel initiation. Not until the work of Tom Dunne in the late 1960s in the Sleepers River watershed, Vermont, was it realized that overland flow, and consequently hillslope evolution, could occur by an entirely different mechanism than that proposed by Horton. Dunne showed that in certain predictable zones of the landscape, exfiltration from saturated grounds adds to precipitation on the soil surface to form what he later called saturation overland flow. Many researchers have since found that this form of overland flow occurs in humid and semiarid landscapes throughout the world. So clear is Dunne's contribution to defining this process that some refer to it as the “Dunne mechanism” to distinguish it from “Horton overland flow.” His work also documented unquestionably the applicability of the partial area concept in explaining runoff generation. Because of this work, his research in snowmelt runoff, and his subsequent authorship with Luna Leopold of the widely used book entitled Water in Environmental Planning, Dunne has established himself as a leader of process hydrology.
New structure for Canadian Geological Survey
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) has finished digesting the old Earth Physics Branch of the Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources, which it took over in April 1986, and has emerged with an ewand more important status in the Canadian government. The GSC now has four branches, three of them primarily scientific and one primarily administrative. The new structure has been in effect since April 1987.
The Galaxy and the Solar System
Authors: Bodenheimer Peter
Published: October 2006

A major interdisciplinary debate has been in progress over the last few years regarding the cause for the mass extinction of a large number of species, including the dinosaurs, at the end of the Cretaceous Period of geologic history (∼ 65 million years ago). One important theory under discussion is that the event was triggered by the collision with Earth of an extraterrestrial object, such as an asteroid or comet of ∼10‐km diameter.
Global geoscience transects in the Arab region
Authors: Barazangi Mauwia
Published: October 2006

The Global Geoscience Transects (GGT) project is one of the most recent initiatives of the International Lithosphere Program (ILP). The GGT project is represented by ILP Coordinating Committee 7 (CC7), which is coordinated by J . Monger (Geological Survey of Canada, Vancouver). M. Barazangi (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.) is responsible for the coordination of the Middle East and North Africa region, which includes most of the Arab countries.

The main objective of the GGT project is to strengthen and broaden international cooperation mainly through active participation of Earth scientists in constructing geological and geophysical transects, especially cross sections. The transects will be at least to Moho depth and will contain as much detail as transects of geological structures mapped on Earth's surface. The transects are being selected by the participating geoscientists to traverse all continents and, as much as possible, to form a continuous grid across political boundaries. Members of CC7 act as regional coordinators to help the local Earth scientists to initiate and implement GGT objectives. The implementation phase has to a large extent been standardized to follow clear guidelines that were developed by CC7 members. These guidelines are based on a modified and expanded version of the recent highly successful Continent‐Ocean Transect project of the Geological Society of America.
DOE to drill in Long Valley
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The Magma Energy Technology Program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Geothermal Technology Division is planning to drill a deep exploratory well in Long Valley Caldera, Calif. The objective of the program is to evaluate the engineering feasibility of an advanced geothermal technology, which involves placing a heat exchanger directly into partially molten crustal rock.

The researchers' objective for this first deep well is to encounter temperatures of 500°C or to drill to depths of 6–7 km, which‐ever comes first. If it can be verified that partially molten rock exists within the caldera, a later stage in the program will include penetrating that region. Drilling of this first well will begin in September 1988 at a prepared site on the south central region of the resurgent dome. The operational plan provides for drilling to proceed in four stages over 4 years.
NASA seeks space physics research proposals
Authors: Mellott Mary
Published: October 2006

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Office of Space Science and Applications issued a NASA Research Announcement (NRA) soliciting proposals for Space Physics Research and Analysis Programs (NRA‐88‐OSSA‐02) on February 12, 1988. This announcement describes a restructuring of the research and analysis programs of the Space Physics Division and solicits proposals for research in areas covered by each of the division branches.
Energy Research Awards established
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The U.S. Department of Energy has established two new scientific and technical awards and is seeking nominations for them. The establishment of the awards honors two 19th‐century scientists, John Ericsson and Sadi Carnot.

The John Ericsson Award recognizes achievements in the field of renewable energy resources. Ericsson immigrated to the United States from Sweden in 1839 and became famous for designing the battleship Monitor. His contribution to the field of renewable energy resources lies in his design of a solar‐powered steam engine and his efforts to design other items of solar‐powered machinery. The Sadi Carnot Award recognizes achievement in energy conservation. Carnot, a French scientist (1796–1832), devoted the last 13 years of his life to theoretical studies of efficiency in steam engines. His work contained concepts that were later incorporated in the First Law of Thermodynamics.
Needed: Climate research stations
Authors: Miller David H.
Published: October 2006

Many scientists investigating climatic fluctuations are encountering serious data base inadequacies: observing stations that moved to new locations without concern for homogeneity of record, or observational procedures that abruptly changed, for instance. In addition, at many climatic stations the coverage of physical parameters (not to say chemical also) at any particular place is incomplete for any integrative or impact study.

Last summer, a possible aid to research on climatic fluctuations and their impact on other environmental parameters developed in a workshop of the International Geographic Union (IGU) Commission on Geographical Monitoring, which met for about 10 days in Moscow and the Caucasus Mountains. This meeting had support from the U.N. Environmental Programme (UNEP) and was cochaired by Svendel Evteev, a Soviet Antarctic scientist (Institute of Geography, Soviet Academy of Sciences, Moscow), and Nigel Wace, an Australian biogeographer (Australian National University, Canberra), with the active participation of Soviet academician Kirill Kondrat'ev (Institute of Limnology, Leningrad) and Michael Gwynne of UNEP, which operates the Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS). The outcome of the workshop may be of interest to environmentally aware geoscientists in the United States.
1987: A year of AGU achievements
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The achievements of any scientific society can be measured in a steady, slow pace of change or in major, dramatic advances. In 1987, AGU produced both kinds of achievement.

The Union continued to meet obligations to member geophysicists and the geophysics community by publishing more scientific papers, holding more meetings, and reaching more people than ever before. The details of this work follow. What is not discussed here and what of course constitutes the true measure of success is the achievements of the Union's individual members and of geophysicists around the world.
Best student papers from 1987 Fall Meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

As a means of encouraging student participation, a number of AGU sections have selected best student papers at AGU's meetings.At the 1987 AGU Fall Meeting, three sections chose to award Best Student Papers.

The Geodesy Section awarded its Best Student Paper to Allan M. Rubin for his paper on “Fault Slip Within Spreading Centers as a Response to Dike Intrusion.” Rubin, who received his B.A. in Earth sciences from Dartmouth College (Hanover, N.H.) in 1982, is currently a graduate student at Stanford University (Stanford, Calif.), where he works with David Pollard, the coauthor of his Fall Meeting paper. He expects to finish his Ph.D. dissertation, “Dike Intrusion and Crustal Deformation in Volcanic Rift Zones,” in June 1988. Rubin's current research interests lie in the field of magma transport, physical volcanology, and rock deformation.
Acid rain study: Do it again
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2006

James Mahoney, newly appointed head of the Reagan administration's National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), got a writing assignment last week from Rep. James Scheuer (D‐N.Y.) , a subcommittee chairman of the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (SST).

At a hearing on April 27, 1988, Mahoney agreed to Scheuer's request that he rewrite by Labor Day the executive summary o f an interim report o n NAPAP's progress that was submitted to Congress during September 1987. The summary, written by Mahoney's predecessor, J. Laurence Kulp, was immediately criticized by scientists, legislators, and environmental groups as a distortion of facts and a whitewash of the scientific conclusions of the interim report. Kulp resigned within a week of the summary's release.
Early HVO Bulletins collected, published
Authors: Takahashi T. Jane
Published: October 2006

The volcanology bulletins published since the early 20th century by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) are now available as a three‐volume set. In this collection, the contents of The Volcano Letter and other early HVO publications are fully indexed for the first time.

The HVO collection, entitled The Early Serial Publications of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, was inspired by the Smithsonian Institution's 1987 reprint The Volcano Letter, 1925– 1955. The new work includes an index to The Volcano Letter as well as to the other early HVO publications, a long with a bibliography. In the preface to the HVO volumes, compilers Darcy Bevens, Taeko Jane Takahashi, and Thomas L. Wright explain that this collection completes the reprinting o f the early HVO serial publications. Each volume is separately paginated and indexed, and the collection spans works from 1913 to 1955.
Editor profile: Donald H. Eckhardt
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

For Don Eckhardt, editor of AGU's Geodynamics book series, the scope of subjects appropriate for inclusion in the series is wide. “ The forces implied in the term ‘geodynamics’ operate on this planet on all scales and from the surface deep into the interior,” he says. The articles collected in the red volumes are often united, he suggests, by “an emphasis on common techniques as much as by subject matter.”

Like the potential range of topics in the geodynamics series, the breadth of Eckhardt's professional responsibilities is large. As director of the Earth Sciences Division at the Air Force Geophysical Laboratory (AFGL) at Hanscom Air Force Base near Bedford, Mass., he oversees research and development in geodesy, gravity, seismology, geology, and dynamical astronomy. He administers more than 50 outside contracts while actively conducting theoretical and applied research of his own. In the past year, he has become well‐known for his proposition that geophysical measurements made by an AFGL team demonstrate the existence and magnitude of two previously undetected fundamental forces in the universe, supplementing electromagnetism, the strong and weak nuclear forces, and Newtonian gravity.
GEOSCOPE collects broadband seismic data in quasi–real time
Authors: Romanowicz B. , Deschamps A. , Bezzeghoud M. , Monfret T. , Bernard P. , Pyrolley A. , Lévy D. , Karczewski J. F. , Fouassier D. , Koenig J. C. , Morand M.
Published: October 2006

A global digital seismic network called GEOSCOPE, deployed by France [Romanowicz et al., 1984], now has 18 operational stations distributed worldwide (Figure 1). All of these stations are equipped with three‐component broadband STS seismometers [Wielandt and Streckeisen, 1982], which are gradually being upgraded to the very broad band (VBB) response, permitting the recording of all data relevant to teleseismic observations from one single data stream [Wielandt and Steim, 1986]. A data center, located at the Institut de Physique du Globe in Paris, is also attached to the network. Its primary task is to produce network tapes for distribution of GEOSCOPE data to users around the world. Data are also available on the CD‐ROMs (compact disk‐read‐only memory) produced and distributed by the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), Denver, Colo.
AGU election results
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

AGU's President‐Elect for 1988–1990 will be G. Brent Dalrymple of the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park. Marshall E. Moss will take the position of General Secretary, and Juan G. Roederer will remain Foreign Secretary. Moss and Roederer will serve through June 30, 1992. Dalrymple will be President‐ Elect until June 30, 1990, and President through June 30, 1992. The full election results are shown in Table 1

Section officers will serve from July 1, 1988, to June 30, 1990. Each section's president‐ elect will serve 2 years before becoming president and will have full voting rights on the AGU Council for all 4 years.
High school geophysics
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

AGU hosted 27 high school science teachers from the Baltimore, Md., area on Wednesday, May 18, at the 1988 AGU Spring Meeting. The Union's aim was to improve the amount and quality of geophysics provided to high school students by exposing their teachers to the most current geophysical research. Local AGU members volunteered to answer questions at the meeting and to be available for information and support afterward.

The visit was sponsored jointly by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC) and AGU. GSFC worked with the schools to identify the teachers who participated; the NASA facility also provided resource material. AGU arranged for the individual geophysicist contacts, hosted the group at the meeting, and provided additional resource materials. The teachers' schools agreed to their attendance and arranged for substitutes in their classrooms.
Reply [to “WIPP or is “how wet” the real question?”]
Authors: Bredehoeft John D.
Published: October 2006

Spiegel and Anderson accept the hypothesis that the Salado Formation is saturated with brine. They go on to imply that brine in the WIPP underground will make disposing of wastes in the facility unwise.

Groundwater hydrologists, when viewing Earth, start with two working hypotheses. First, all Earth materials within the crust to depths of at least 10 km have finite permeability, even though the permeability of some units might be quite low; i.e., no rocks are impermeable. Second, below the water table, all Earth materials are saturated with fluid, mostly groundwater, to a depth of at least 10 km.
IAHS General Assembly Symposia
Authors: Dawdy D. R. , Ashton G. D. , Hadley Richard , Laura Delia , Peters H. J. , Rickert David A.
Published: October 2006

The following reports continue the summary of various symposia and workshops held at the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) General Assembly in Vancouver, Canada, August 11–17, 1987. The first part of the summary was published in the April 19, 1988 issue of Eos.
Mono Lake's Radiocarbon Budget: An unsolved enigma
Authors: Broecker Wallace , Stine Scott
Published: October 2006

Mono Lake occupies a semiarid basin just east of the central Sierra Nevada in California. During the past 4 decades, diversion of the lake's tributary streams by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) has caused the lake to shrink dramatically. This shrinkage has concentrated the salts that occur naturally in the lake, forcing the salinity to rise toward levels that will cause the extinction of the resident brine shrimp and brine flies that provide food for many hundreds of thousands of migratory waterfowl. The lake is now the focus of a pitched battle between conservationists who want to curtail diversions before serious ecological consequences occur and the LADWP, whose responsibility is to supply the city with water.
LIMEX'87: The Labrador Ice Margin Experiment, March 1987–A pilot experiment in anticipation of RADARSAT and ERS 1 data
Authors: McNutt Lyn , Digby Susan , Carsey Frank , Holt Ben , Crawford John , Tang Charles L. , Gray A. Laurence , Livingstone Charles
Published: October 2006

The first field program of the international Labrador Ice Margin Experiment (LIMEX) took place in the Grand Banks region off the east coast of Newfoundland, Canada, during the last 2 weeks of March 1987. LIMEX was conceived as a series of studies to be conducted at 2‐year intervals to address a number of objectives related to the dynamics of the Labrador Sea ice cover, the surveillance of ice and oceanic conditions with microwave instruments on aircraft and satellites, the roles of oceanic and atmospheric processes in influencing ice conditions, and the development of air‐sea‐ice models to predict the behavior of the ice extent, compactness, and motion.

The first study in the series, LIMEX'87, was a pilot project to examine air‐sea‐ice interactions and the remote sensing of sea ice conditions and characteristics. It is the first study of the marginal ice zone in this region. The LIMEX'87 study area, shown in Figure 1, was chosen because of its economic importance and the nature of its ice cover. The most important oil exploration site on the Canadian east coast, Hibernia, lies within the range of excursion of the ice extent. The experiment was timed to coincide with the period of maximum ice extent and the onset of retreat.
ADCP measurements from a towed fish
Authors: Kaneko Arata , Koterayama Wataru
Published: October 2006

The acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is a powerful instrument that can measure detailed vertical profiles of ocean currents. ADCPs are often permanently mounted on research vessels and used to survey ocean currents rapidly over large areas of the ocean. We recently began development of a towed "fish" (instrument package) that would contain an ADCP with the same capabilities as a vessel‐mounted ADCP but that would allow us greater flexibility and improved data. Here we describe our initial efforts, present some of our first results, and summarize our near‐term plans for improving our present ADCP fish system. We are developing the ability to make ADCP measurements from a towed fish rather than from a ship because we want to be able to

measure ocean currents accurately even under severe sea surface conditions,

reduce the influence of cavitation noise generated by the ship's propeller,

eliminate interference caused by bubbles entrained under the ship's hull, and

use the instrument on unspecified research ships.
SOHO? No, SOSO
Authors: Ness Norman F. , Smith Edward J.
Published: October 2006

The March 29, 1988, Eos contains a lengthy and well‐written lead article about the joint ESA‐NASA (European Space Agency‐National Aeronautics and Space Administration) SOHO‐Cluster mission, one of ESA's cornerstones (“Cluster and SOHO: A Joint Endeavor by ESA and NASA to Address Problems in Solar, Heliospheric, and Space Plasma Physics,” p. 177). However, the article contains some gross inconsistencies, which, without careful review, can lead to serious misunderstandings. Although the stated scientific goals include the “…investigation of the physical processes that form and heat the solar corona, maintain it, and give rise to the expanding solar wind”, the selected payload will not include in situ measurements of the solar wind or interplanetary magnetic field, as stated in the article as being essential to achieving these aims. This is seen upon review of the SOHO instrumentation listed in Table 1. The reader may also be misled by the colorful frontispiece, which portrays the SOHO spacecraft with what can only be obviously a magnetometer boom and by the text of the article which mentions the inclusion of a magnetometer boom. However, SOHO, as it is presently configured, does not contain either a magnetometer or a boom, nor is there any solar wind analyzer of the type commonly flown on past heliospheric missions. Thus, we suggest that the acronym SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) is inappropriate and should be changed to SOSO…Solar Only, Solar Observatory.
From Mineralogy to Geology: The Foundations of a Science, 1650–1830
Authors: Carozzi Albert V.
Published: October 2006

In her brilliant thematic essay, author Rachel Laudan warns the reader from the onset that she is expecting to stimulate as much controversy as agreement. I can grant her agreement when she gives a good review of mineralogy in the 17th and 18th centuries, with its related chemical and physical cosmogonies. She argues convincingly that scientific concerns gradually shifted from minerals to rocks and then to the division of rocks into “primary” and “secondary” for theoretical considerations and for practical uses in mining. This shift continued, with the focus moving from rocks to the behavior of the aqueous solutions that deposited them (Laudan stresses that the popularity of thermal waters for cures of all ailments had much to do with this new interest) and finally to the role ot heat and water in the processes of induration of sediments into rocks.
1988 Macelwane Medal to Douglas R. MacAyeal
Authors: Thomas Robert H. , MacAyeal Douglas R.
Published: October 2006

Doug MacAyeal is one of the foremost scientists working on ice sheet glaciology. He has focused attention on problems that are critical to ice sheet response to climate change and has developed a powerful capability to develop realistic theoretical models of phenomena of which he has first‐hand experience.

I met Doug 12 years ago at the University of Maine, where I was seeking a graduate assistant to work with me, measuring patterns of ice deformation in order to investigate the role of the Ross Ice Shelf in regulating ice discharge from the Antarctic ice sheet. I had only recently arrived in Maine, and I have to confess that I expected little more than to find an eager, strong young chap to help out with the field work. I expected to rely on my own meager resources to interpret the data that we would acquire. But instead, the first student I interviewed was Doug—a highly qualified physics graduate from Brown University. He had already developed a catastrophe model of paleoclimate in which global ice cover played a key role. It need hardly be said that I interviewed no others.
Frontiers of geophysics
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

The present and future state of geophysics was the subject of five wide‐ranging talks at “Frontiers of Geophysics,” a Union session held May 18 at the AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md.

Scientists have suspected for many years that solar radiation controls aspects of Earth's climate. An up‐to‐date look at this old scientific problem led off the session. John Imbrie of Brown University (Providence, R.I.) talked about climatic effects of variations in Earth's orbital elements, better known as Milankovitch cycles. Three components of Earth's astronomical motion contribute to the amount of solar energy that reaches Earth: the obliquity or tilt of the rotation axis, its conical wobble or precession, and the eccentricity of Earth's orbit. The periods of these orbital elements vary from 23,000 years for precession to ∼100,000 years for eccentricity. The Milankovitch theory has now been tested against a rapidly growing mountain of climate and paleoclimate data and applied to t h e recurrence of ice ages and other phenomena.
Congress shapes science budget
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2006

President Reagan's Fiscal Year 1989 federal budget is emerging from Congress as lean as expected after last December's White House‐Congress budget summit. Like last year, the big increases requested by the Reagan administration for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation for FY 1989 have been cut in half by legislators forced to make a choice between science and the politically sensitive areas of housing, veterans assistance, and the environment.

Appropriations for NASA and NSF are determined by subcommittees of the House and Senate that also set spending levels for the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Veterans Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, and other independent federal agencies. While the budget summit agreement imposed overall limits the FY 1989 spending plan, each HUD‐Independent Agencies subcommittee can rewrite the President's budget requests for agencies in its dominion as it sees fit. The only restriction is the size of the allocation for the subcommittees, which limits on the total they may appropriate.