bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital detox tourism against post-modernity
Authors: CAN İpek , İFLAZOĞLU Nurhayat
Published: December 2020

Technology has become an integral part of daily life. Although developments in the digital world offer many advantages to users, researches show that the use of smart devices is rapidly turning towards a kind of an addiction (digital addiction) in every field. In such unwanted situations, people try to apply a kind of a purification program by staying away from technological devices for a certain period of time with "Digital Detox". Transferring the need for digital detox to people’s holiday experience and thus providing a kind of a technological purification during the holiday periods can be called “Digital Detox Tourism”. Digital detox tourism, which is against post-modernism, attracts attention as a type of tourism preferred by individuals who seek diversity and have different expectations, especially those who want to stay out of intensive technology-based tourism activities. Perceived as fairly new concept in literature that has emerged as a result of the changing tourists expectations, establishing the theoretical infrastructure of digital detox tourism on the axis of post-modernism, evaluating the factors that caused the emergence of digital detox tourism, examining the factors that drive people to digital detox tourism and examination of theoretical and practical work about digital detox tourism; constitute the aim of this study. This study is aimed at researchers and target marketing organizations as it offers valuable conclusions that help better understand the emotions of individuals who are involved in or are avoiding digital detox tourism. Understanding what triggers positive and negative emotions of individuals is thought to help service providers develop their products and marketing strategies.
UNDERSTANDING SPUTNIK NEWS AGENCY INTERNET TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Bogdan Gabriel ȘTEFAN
Published: December 2020

Sputnik news agency remains one of the main-channels used by Russia to conduct disinformation campaigns across its borders, affecting both Romania and the Republic of Moldova virtual communities. This research offers a practical methodological solution for measuring communication outcomes and describing audience and its behavior and it shows that, at the end of 2018, Sputnik was a peripheral news platform for the Romanian informational space and a growing threat for the Republic of Moldova, where it occupied a leading position. The evaluation was conducted with data extracted through Alexa service provided by Amazon and Gemius data - the Moldovan Audit Office of Circuits and Internet.
VANGUARDIST AESTHETICS: FROM HISTORICAL VANGUARDISM TO NEO-VANGUARDISM
Authors: Gabriela RĂȚULEA
Published: December 2020

These article aims to provide the evolution of the vanguardistpoint of view on aesthetics. Vanguardismcalled into question modern and classical artistic methods and especially, aesthetical assumptions of modernity. If historical vanguardism exaggerated a series of the features of modernity, neo-vanguardism refuses the cult of novelty and rejects the permanent nihilism.
TOUGH WOMEN AND SENSITIVE MEN.A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE REPRESENTATIONS OF FEMININITY AND MASCULINITY IN THE POLICE AND THE ARMY
Authors: PETRESCU SIMION Florența-Larisa
Published: December 2020

This paper brings to the fore the representations of femininity and masculinity in Romanian Police and Army, highlighting types of speech based on the opinions of people who work in those places who were interviewed and whose identity is confidential. The police and also the Army have a militarized environment based on strict rules. My objective is to find out if the stereotypes of women and men exist and if discrimination is perceived based on their experiences.
A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION VERSUS SUBFASCIAL ENDOSCOPIC PERFORATOR SURGERY FOR THE TREATMENT OF VARICOSITIES IN VARICOSE VEINS PATIENTS.
Authors: Harajivandas Rana Parth , Dekhaiya Firdaus A , Mehta Smit
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Dilated & tortuous subcutaneous veins 3mm or more in diameter are known as varicose veins. When perforating veins become incompetent, it causes chronic venous insufficiency. Majority cases are managed conservatively. Cases with significant skin changes and ulcers, requires surgical procedures.

Methods: A prospective comparative study of 30 patients of varicosities, divided into two groups, A and B according to CEAP classification were assessed for VCSS preoperatively. They underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) respectively and postoperative VCSS was calculated at follow up at 4 weeks. Collected data was assessed for the change in clinical severity of the disease and compared for the complications of both surgical methods.

Results: The mean difference of pre op and post op VCSS in patient treated by RFA is 6.0 and the mean difference of pre op and post op VCSS in patient treated by SEPS is 5.4. Post RFA complications include pain (20%) and ecchymosis (13.3%). Paraesthesia and DVT was not noted. Post SEPS complications include pain (40%), ecchymosis (40%) and paresthesia (13.33%). DVT was not noted post SEPS. Only 1 case (6.66%) treated by SEPS developed recurrence post operatively. Conclusion: RFA and SEPS are two different approaches for varicosities, RFA being truncal therapy and SEPS for perforators, both are almost equally effective in context of postoperative hospital stay and improvement of VCSS; safe in terms of post op complications.

Keywords: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), Subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS), venous clinical severity score (VCSS), varicose veins
Learning Media and Technology: Generation Z and Alpha
Authors: Tafonao Talizaro , Saputra Sion , Suryaningwidi Rosita
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyze the learning media and technology in the Z and Alpha generation teaching and learning activities. This study departs from the author's observation of the current condition of teachers, where educators get a difficulty in teaching students of generation Z and Alpha as described in this article. The problems that found by the author are still very diverse, but it should be noted that there is no room for educators to make excuses and do not use technology as a medium of learning. The method that used is a qualitative research method, the author examines Learning Media and Technology: Generation Z and Alpha. The analysis process carried out by the author is to use a variety of reliable literature and electronic sources to support the author's analysis. The results of this study found that this technology media can uniform the perceptions of student learning, smooth interactive, streamline the teaching and learning process, foster positive attitudes in learning and answer the challenges that exist in the digital era. So by finding the answer to this analysis, the gap between educators and students can be resolved properly.
VALORES E ATITUDES
Authors: Viana Valderi Nascimento , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: December 2020

Na perspectiva da cultura corporal como objeto de estudo da educação física, essa disciplina dentro do contexto da EPT deve ser organizada para uma formação omnilateral. Sendo a formação omnilateral uma superação da formação unilateral, assim, incluindo as dimensões do trabalho, a ciência e a cultura (SILVANO e ORTIGARA, 2016). Dessa forma, de acordo com Ramos (2007, p. 04 apud (SOUZA, 2014).
Число случаев проказы в Бразилии с 2010 по 2015 год
Authors: Monteiro Lis Mayra Dantas , Facco Lucas , Fecury Amanda Alves , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Souza Keulle Oliveira da , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: December 2020

Проказа считается инфекционным заболеванием, вызванным бактерией Mycobacterium leprae, также известной как Бацилла Хансена. Помимо того, что болезнь с постепенным развитием, проказа зависит от взаимосвязи между паразитом и хозяином. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы показать количество случаев проказы в Бразилии в период с 2010 по 2015 год в Бразилии. Исследование проводилось в DATASUS (http://datasus.saude.gov.br/). С продвижением государственной политики, число случаев заболевания в Бразилии сократилось в период с 2010 по 2015 год. Он имеет более высокую распространенность у мужчин и самый высокий уровень пациентов в больших возрастных группах, т.е. у взрослых. Инкубационный период заболевания (который может варьироваться от 2 до 7 лет). В связи с этим на индивидуальном уровне может быть срабатывать ряд проблем, таких, как изнурительные и психологические физические участия. Для того чтобы сократить число случаев заболевания в стране и быть в состоянии поставить диагноз как можно раньше, клинические результаты и тесты, доступные для этого обнаружения должны быть проанализированы.
Sintomas clínicos de pacientes recuperados da COVID-19 em regiões da Amazônia Oriental
Authors: Moreira Edith Cibelle de Oliveira , Queiroz Cleonilde , Moreira Paulo Eliezer de Oliveira , Pinheiro Luiz Marcelo de Lima , Cunha Divino Bruno da
Published: December 2020

A pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) já provocou a morte de mais 142 mil pessoas no Brasil, levando alguns Estados a decretarem colapso do sistema de saúde. A COVID-19 é uma doença de perfil sintomatológico variável, com espectro altamente diverso. No Brasil a grande maioria da população não tem acesso a testes diagnósticos para COVID-19 e estudar os sintomas clínicos se torna relevante para identificar possíveis disseminadores do vírus. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever os sintomas clínicos mais prevalentes em pacientes recuperados de COVID-19 em regiões da Amazônia oriental Brasileira. Para isso, foram aplicados questionários à pacientes testados positivo para Sars-Cov 2 afim de analisar os sintomas durante a infecção. Um total de 85 indivíduos participaram da pesquisa. Os sintomas observados em mais de 50% dos entrevistados foram febre, tosse, perda de olfato, rinite, dor de garganta, perda do paladar, dor na cabeça, dor nas articulações, dor na coluna, dor nas costas e dores musculares. Alguns dos pacientes após um curto período tornaram-se assintomáticos. Vale ressaltar que a compreensão exata dos sintomas clínicos da doença é de extrema importância, uma vez que a ampla variação observada faz com que o diagnóstico da COVID-19 seja complexo e desafiador.
The Analysis of Students’ Error in Operation Reseach Test for Linear Program Topic Based on Newman’s Error Analysis (NEA)
Authors: Oktafia Mesi , Putra Aan , Habibi Mhmd
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This study aims to analyze the types of error and its factors that cause students’ error in solving operation research problems in the program linear topic based on Newman’s Error Analysis (NEA). This research is qualitative research by using a descriptive approach. The subjects in this study are fourth-grade college students in the Mathematics Education Program at State Islamic Institute of Kerinci that chosen by purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by using a test and interview. The data analysis was done descriptively. Based on the research findings, the types of students error in solving operation research problems were reading errors, comprehension errors, transformation errors, process skill errors, and encoding errors. The factors that cause the students' error were the students can not interpret, understand and understand the meaning of the questions overall; can not determine the formula to solve the problems; can not carry out the algorithm of arithmetic operations.
 
Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis kesalahan dan faktor yang menyebabkan kesalahan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal riset operasi pada materi program linier berdasarkan Newman’s Error Analysis (NEA). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester IV program studi Tadris Matematika IAIN Kerinci tahun akademik 2018/2019 yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes dan wawancara dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian diketahui bahwa jenis kesalahan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaiakan soal riset operasi materi program linier berdasarkan Newman’s Error Analysis adalah kesalahan dalam membaca soal, kesalahan dalam memahami masalah, kesalahan dalam transformasi, kesalahan dalam keterampilan proses, dan kesalahan dalam penulisan jawaban akhir. Faktor-faktor penyebab kesalahan tersebut meliputi: mahasiswa tidak bisa memaknai, mengerti dan memahami makna keseluruhan dari soal yang berikan; tidak bisa menentukan rumus yang digunakan; dan tidak bisa menajalankan tahapan-tahapan operasi hitung yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan soal.
The Effect of Realistic Mathematics Education Approach on Mathematical Problem Solving Ability
Authors: Anggraini Reri Seprina , Fauzan Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The improvement of mathematical problem-solving ability was the aim of this study through the application of the Realistic Mathematics Education approach compared to conventional learning according to the students' self-efficacy level. This study used a quasi-experimental study with a static group design conducted in eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Kerinci and SMP Negeri 5 Kerinci. Data collected through the questionnaire to determine students’ self-efficacy level and the test of students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities. The hypothesizes was tested using a t-test. The results showed that students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities who learned using the RME approach were higher than students’ abilities who learned using conventional learning. In addition, the mathematical problem-solving abilities of students who have low self-efficacy who learned using the RME approach were higher than those who learned using conventional learning.
 
Abstrak. Peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis menjadi tujuan penelitian ini melalui penerapan pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) yang dibandingkan dengan kelas yang menerapkan pembelajaran konvensional menurut tingkat self-efficacy siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain static group design yang dilaksanakan di kelas VIII pada SMP Negeri 1 Kerinci dan SMP Negeri 5 Kerinci. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket untuk menentukan tingkat self-efficacy dan tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Hipotesis diuji dengan menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang belajar menggunakan pendekatan RME lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang belajar menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional, dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang memiliki self-efficacy rendah yang belajar dengan menggunakan pendekatan RME lebih tinggi daripada yang belajar dengan menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional.
Jak można badać komunikację medialną? – perspektywa odbiorcy
Authors: Maćkiewicz Jolanta
Published: December 2020

Artykuł analizuje proces odbioru w publicznej komunikacji medialnej. Koncentruje się na relacji między komunikatem a odbiorcą. Spośród trzech możliwych sposobów postrzegania tej relacji został wybrany ten, wedle którego sens przekazu powstaje w wyniku interakcji między komunikatem a odbiorcą. Ten model komunikacji zakłada, że skuteczność komunikacyjna w dużej mierze zależy od odbiorcy i od (szeroko rozumianego) kontekstu.
Ministerstwa na Twitterze. Strategie reagowania na negatywne komentarze użytkowników na profilach wybranych ministerstw
Authors: Tereszkiewicz Anna
Published: December 2020

Artykuł jest poświęcony strategiom stosowanym przez przedstawicieli ministerstw w reakcji na negatywne komentarze użytkowników, które są publikowane na profilach wybranych resortów na Twitterze. Analiza miała na celu charakterystykę najczęściej występujących strategii oponowania. Wykazała ona, że wśród stosowanych strategii można odnotować zarówno bezpośrednie, jak i pośrednie akty odrzucania, odrzucanie i podważanie sądów przez zaprzeczanie, stosowanie aktów unikowych, m.in. podkreślanie braku wiedzy i kompetencji, strategie obejmujące odsyłanie odbiorcy do innych źródeł informacji oraz ironizowanie czy stosowanie aktów grzecznościowych w formie podziękowań i pozdrowień.
O mechanizmach retorycznych stosowanych w tematach e-maili marketingowych
Authors: Rosińska-Mamej Agnieszka
Published: December 2020

W artykule zostały omówione funkcje figur retorycznych używanych w tematach e-maili marketingowych. Zanalizowano takie figury retoryczne, jak anaphorá, epiphorá, diaphorá, polýptōtos, parḗ chēsis, parallēlismós, homoióptoton, homoióteleuton,antytethón. Badany materiał dowodzi, że figury retoryczne stosowane w tytułach e-maili marketingowych mają przede wszystkim przyciągać uwagę odbiorcy, ale nie jest to ich jedyne zadanie.
Z badań nad systemem rafinacji sieciowej. Identyfikacja sentymentów
Authors: Gogołek Włodzimierz , Jaruga Dariusz
Published: December 2020

Dostępny potencjał mocy obliczeniowych i pamięci komputerowych stworzył niedostępne wcześniej warunki do analizy dużych zasobów informacyjnych – Big Data. W procesie tej analizy można wykorzystywać procedury kolekcjonowania informacji i ich analizy do trafnej oceny – w kategoriach emocjonalnych (sentymentów – dobry, zły) badanych zjawisk w przeszłości, w czasie rzeczywistym, a także do predykcji. Artykuł jest prezentacją kluczowej części tej procedury – istoty automatyzacji procesu identyfikacji sentymentów.
Leikið orðtólum. Um málfræðinginn og táknfræðinginn Þórberg Þórðarson
Authors: Eyþórsson Aðalsteinn , Kristjánsdóttir Bergljót Soffía
Published: December 2020

Margt hefur verið skrifað um skáldið og rithöfundinn Þórberg Þórðarson. Minna hefur verið hugað að málfræðingnum Þórbergi og táknskilningi hans. Í þessari grein er hann þó meginathugunarefnið og ætlunin einkum að vekja forvitni manna um svið í skrifum Þórbergs sem hefur lítið verið sinnt. Viðhorf Þórbergs til ýmissa álitamála í málfræði eru skoðuð í sögulegu ljósi og stiklað á stóru um hræringar í samanburðarmálfræði á nítjándu öld og fram á þá tuttugustu, en táknskilningur hans borinn að kenningum táknfræðinga af ólíkum fræðasviðum. Þórbergur stundaði nám í norrænu við Háskóla Íslands og starfaði meðal annars við orðasöfnun úr mæltu máli. Í krafti áhuga á guðspeki og esperantó kynntist hann líka alþjóðlegum straumum og stefnum í málfræði en eins og jafnan vann hann á sjálfstæðan hátt úr þeirri þekkingu sem hann aflaði sér. Hann las til að mynda rit danska málfræðingsins Ottos Jespersen og þar kynntist hann sennilega kenningum Ferdinands de Saussure. Á Jespersen leit hann raunar sem „svikara“ við málstað esperantós en engu að síður áttu þeir eitt og annað sameiginlegt, til dæmis áhuga á máli barna og leik með mál. Þórbergur tók líka undir ýmsar hugmyndir Danans, ekki síst um aflvaka málbreytinga, en í þeim efnum var Jespersen mjög gagnrýninn á formhyggju Saussures. Sú umræða á sér að líkindum pólitíska hlið, en þjóðtungur, uppruni þeirra og þróun, höfðu verið dregnar inn í þjóðernisorðræðu á fyrri hluta tuttugustu aldar. Þá er rakið hvernig Þórbergur beitir í frásögninni „Tummu Kukku“ málfræðiskopi til að draga dár að þjóðrembu og málfræðilegri ályktanagleði um leið og hann tæpir á almennum spurningum um mál og merkingu. Sá táknskilningur sem lýsir af skrifum Þórbergs virðist standa nær hugmyndum bandaríska heimspekingsins Charles Sanders Peirce en Saussures. Peirce er talinn ein meginstoðin undir því fræðasviði sem landi hans Thomas A. Sebeok kallaði seinna dýratáknfræði (e. zoosemiotics) og líftáknfræði (e. biosemiotics). Önnur slík stoð er Eistinn Jakob Johann von Uexküll sem setti fram kenninguna um skynheim (þ. Umwelt) dýra. Dæmi tekin úr bókinni Steinarnir tala vitna um að Þórbergur sé á áþekkum slóðum og Uexküll í afstöðu sinni til skynjunar dýra auk þess sem Eistinn er upptekinn af barninu og hinu barnslega rétt eins og Þórbergur (og Jespersen). Allir þrir, Peirce, Uexküll og Þórbergur vildu ganga veg vísindanna en hneigðust samt til dulhyggju og höfnuðu efnishyggju. Enginn vitnisburður hefur fundist um að Þórbergur hafi þekkt til Peirce og Uexkülls en þann samhljóm sem heyra má með hugmyndum hans og þeirra er unnt að rekja til ákveðinnar tilhneigingar í tímunum: Uppreisn gegn vaxandi efnishyggju kann að leiða til áþekkrar niðurstöðu þó að forsendur hennar séu ólíkar. Grundvöllur Þórbergs var ekki síst guðspekin og austrænu fræðin. En séu hugmyndir hans bornar að skrifum líftáknfræðinga kemur í ljós hve langt á undan íslenskri samtíð sinni hann var í táknskilningi.
DISKURSUS KOMPETENSI ABSOLUT PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA DALAM MENGADILI PERBUATAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PENGADAAN BARANG/JASA
Authors: Wicaksono Dian Agung , Kurniawan Dedy , Hantoro Bimo Fajar
Published: December 2020

Diskursus mengenai kompetensi absolut Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) dalam mengadili perbuatan pemerintah dalam pengadaan barang/jasa menjadi yang tidak pernah tuntas, karena dalam praktik PTUN di Indonesia ditemukan pandangan yang diametral dalam memaknai kompetensi absolut PTUN dalam memutus perkara terkait perbuatan pemerintah dalam pengadaan barang/jasa. Penelitian ini mencoba menjawab: (a) bagaimana konstruksi hukum dari kompetensi absolut pengadilan tata usaha negara di Indonesia? (b) bagaimana dikotomi perbuatan pemerintah dalam pengadaan barang/jasa? (c) bagaimana kompetensi absolut pengadilan tata usaha negara untuk mengadili perbuatan pemerintah dalam pengadaan barang/jasa? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan menganalisis data sekunder berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dan pustaka yang terkait dengan kompetensi absolut peradilan tata usaha negara, administrasi pemerintahan, dan hukum pengadaan barang/jasa di Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan pengaturan dalam UU Peratun 1986 dan perubahan membuat hakim memilih penafsiran ekstensif yang notabene kontradiktif dengan penafsiran gramatikal dari ketentuan UU Peratun 1986 dan perubahannya.
Forage yield and nutritive value of hay from sorghum-sudangrass hybrids
Authors: Santos Hosnerson Renan de Oliveira , Figueiredo Mauro Pereira de , Castro Ingrid Thalia Prado de , Lima Mário Henrique Melo e , Nascimento Luiza Maria Gigante , Soares Thaís Santana , Ramos Barbára Louíse Pacheco , Macêdo Alberto Jefferson da Silva , Silva Jhon Barbosa da
Published: December 2020

The objective was to evaluate agronomically nine sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) and the nutritive value of their respective hays. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3 × 9 factorial scheme, with three replications. Three cuts were made: 42 days after germination, 29 days after regrowth, and 28 days after the second regrowth. All hybrids showed a higher number of plants ha–1 (P < 0.05) in the second cut. For the green matter and dry matter production of the hays, the values ranged from 49.16 to 62.07 t ha–1 and 9.07 to 11.43 t ha–1, respectively. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in dry matter, mineral matter, or ether extract. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 810, 1013016, and 1624F016 showed higher values of crude protein (CP) of 16.49, 16.17, 16.08, and 15.88%, respectively. Differences were observed (P < 0.05) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 802, 1013021, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006 presented lower levels of NDF (60.57, 60.74, 62.15, 62.37, 62.58, and 64.70%, respectively). The hybrids BRS 802, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006, stood out above the others, presenting high forage yield and adequate nutritive value (CP content >13% and NDF content <65%).
Aspectos históricos da figura masculina: Violência contra a mulher
Authors: Souza Jaciara Pinheiro de , Porto Murilo de Jesus , Araujo Ana Mara Borges , Santana Gione Pinheiro , Filgueiras Geilda Pinheiro , Santos Allan Jhony Almeida dos , Souza Jeferson de Menezes , Matos Marcos Mendes de , Reis Luiz Rodrigo de Almeida
Published: December 2020

A violência contra a mulher é um problema de saúde pública possuindo relações intrínsecas a fatos históricos e a valores culturais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar fatos históricos e culturais vinculados ao respectivo tema. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa entre os meses de setembro e novembro de 2020, através de busca em bases de dados voltados para as seguintes fontes: artigos acadêmicos, monografias e livros. Os resultados encontrados mostram que, ao longo da história, o homem se impôs como figura principal dos fatos e acontecimentos, enquanto a mulher tornou-se uma figura de submissão e apoio. É perceptível que a escrita, na Idade Antiga, e a atuação da igreja católica, na Idade Medieval, contribuíram fortemente para enaltecer o sexo masculino. Nessas épocas, as mulheres praticamente não dominavam a escrita, ficando a cargo dos homens a produção literária, as quais traziam consigo as suas percepções dentre elas a submissão feminina. Logo, o ponto de vista feminino e suas possíveis contribuições em áreas preteridas pelos homens foram desfavorecidas pela história, sendo justamente esses fatos históricos que criou na sociedade valores culturais que contribuíram para o aumento dos casos de violência contra a mulher. Diante desta pesquisa, conclui-se que a violência contra a mulher possui raízes históricas e culturais, ligadas principalmente ao machismo. Apesar dos avanços das leis jurídicas conquistadas ao longo dos anos, os serviços de proteção às mulheres vitimadas apresentam uma ineficácia preocupante. Os dados indicam uma real necessidade de ampliação e solidificação das medidas de proteção à segurança da mulher.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in White and Brown Adipocyte Regulation and Differentiation
Authors: WU H , LI X , SHEN C
Published: December 2020

In as early as 1997, the World Health Organization officially recognized obesity as a chronic disease. The current epidemic of obesity and overweightness has aroused great interest in the study of adipose tissue formation. The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) binds to the target gene promoter regulatory sequences, acting as a key factor in regulating the differentiation of preadipocytes in the adipose tissue, and plays an important role in regulating the adipocyte metabolism. A further understanding of the structure and expression characteristics of PPARγ, in addition to its mechanisms of action in adipocyte differentiation, may be applied to control obesity and prevent obesity-related diseases. In this article, recent studies investigating the effect of regulating PPARγ on adipocyte differentiation are reviewed. In particular, the structural characteristics, expression patterns, and molecular mechanisms of PPARγ function in adipocyte differentiation are considered.
Belarus in the historical politics of Poland (2005–2020)
Authors: Tsimbal Alexander Georgievich
Published: December 2020

The political use of history to affirm dominant political discourses and form a system of loyalty has become an integral part of modern domestic and foreign politics. Poland represents a classic example of the instrumentalisation of history. History has become the subject of controversy, and sometimes acute conflicts of Poland with Russia, Ukraine, Germany and Lithuania. Until recently, Belarus remained a blank spot in Polish historical politics. The aim of the research is to study the Belarusian direction of Polish historical politics. The research is based on an institutional approach. The article reveals the influence of the foreign factor on the formation of Polish historical politics. The conceptual foundations and goals of the Polish historical politics in relation to Belarus are analysed. The characteristics of actors, institutions and practices of Polish historical politics are given. In conclusion, we raise the question of assessing the effectiveness of Polish historical politics in Belarus.
Prime Harmonics and Twin Prime Distribution
Authors: Dolgikh Serge
Published: December 2020

Distribution of twin primes is a long standing problem in the number theory. As of present, it is not known if the set of twin primes is ﬁnite, the problem known as twin prime conjecture. An analysis of prime modulo cycles, or prime harmonics in this work allowed to deﬁne approaches in estimation of twin prime distributions with good accuracy of approximation and establish constraints on gaps between consecutive twin prime pairs. With technical effort, the bounds on the distance between consecutive prime pairs obtained in this work can prove sufﬁcient to establish that the next twin prime exists within the estimated distance, leading to the conclusion that the set of twin primes is unlimited and reducing the inﬁnitely repeating distance between consecutive primes to two. The methods developed in the study can be instrumental in future analysis of prime distributions.
Bone and Muscle Crosstalk in Aging
Authors: He Chen , He Wenzhen , Hou Jing , Chen Kaixuan , Huang Mei , Yang Mi , Luo Xianghang , Li Changjun
Published: December 2020

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two age-related diseases that affect the quality of life in the elderly. Initially, they were thought to be two independent diseases; however, recently, increasing basic and clinical data suggest that skeletal muscle and bone are both spatially and metabolically connected. The term “osteosarcopenia” is used to define a condition of synergy of low bone mineral density with muscle atrophy and hypofunction. Bone and muscle cells secrete several factors, such as cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, into the circulation to influence the biological and pathological activities in local and distant organs and cells. Recent studies reveal that extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs derived from senescent skeletal muscle and bone cells can also be transported and aid in regulating bone-muscle crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the age-related changes in the secretome and extracellular vesicle-microRNAs secreted by the muscle and bone, and discuss their interactions between muscle and bone cells during aging.
An Eight-CircRNA Assessment Model for Predicting Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wang Shuo , Su Wei , Zhong Chuanfan , Yang Taowei , Chen Wenbin , Chen Guo , Liu Zezhen , Wu Kaihui , Zhong Weibo , Li Bingkun , Mao Xiangming , Lu Jianming
Published: December 2020

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a high morbidity malignancy in males, and biochemical recurrence (BCR) may appear after the surgery. Our study is designed to build up a risk score model using circular RNA sequencing data for PCa. The dataset is from the GEO database, using a cohort of 144 patients in Canada. We removed the low abundance circRNAs (FPKM < 1) and obtained 546 circRNAs for the next step. BCR-related circRNAs were selected by Logistic regression using the “survival” and “survminer” R package. Least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO) regression with 10-fold cross-validation and penalty was used to construct a risk score model by “glmnet” R software package. In total, eight circRNAs (including circ_30029, circ_117300, circ_176436, circ_112897, circ_112897, circ_178252, circ_115617, circ_14736, and circ_17720) were involved in our risk score model. Further, we employed differentially expressed mRNAs between high and low risk score groups. The following Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were visualized by Omicshare Online tools. As per the GO analysis results, tumor immune microenvironment related pathways are significantly enriched. “CIBERSORT” and “ESTIMATE” R package were used to detect tumor-infiltrating immune cells and compare the level of microenvironment scores between high and low risk score groups. What’s more, we verified two of eight circRNA’s (circ_14736 and circ_17720) circular characteristics and tested their biological function with qPCR and CCK8 in vitro. circ_14736 and circ_17720 were detected in exosomes of PCa patients’ plasma. This is the first bioinformatics study to establish a prognosis model for prostate cancer using circRNA. These circRNAs were associated with CD8+ T cell activities and may serve as a circRNA-based liquid biopsy panel for disease prognosis.
Autophagy in the Regulation of Tissue Differentiation and Homeostasis
Authors: Perrotta Cristiana , Cattaneo Maria Grazia , Molteni Raffaella , De Palma Clara
Published: December 2020

Autophagy is a constitutive pathway that allows the lysosomal degradation of damaged components. This conserved process is essential for metabolic plasticity and tissue homeostasis and is crucial for mammalian post-mitotic cells. Autophagy also controls stem cell fate and defective autophagy is involved in many pathophysiological processes. In this review, we focus on established and recent breakthroughs aimed at elucidating the impact of autophagy in differentiation and homeostasis maintenance of endothelium, muscle, immune system, and brain providing a suitable framework of the emerging results and highlighting the pivotal role of autophagic response in tissue functions, stem cell dynamics and differentiation rates.
Biofilm Production by Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Significantly Increases the Risk of Death in Oncological Patients
Authors: Di Domenico Enea Gino , Cavallo Ilaria , Sivori Francesca , Marchesi Francesco , Prignano Grazia , Pimpinelli Fulvia , Sperduti Isabella , Pelagalli Lorella , Di Salvo Fabiola , Celesti Ilaria , Paluzzi Silvia , Pronesti Carmelina , Koudriavtseva Tatiana , Ascenzioni Fiorentina , Toma Luigi , De Luca Assunta , Mengarelli Andrea , Ensoli Fabrizio
Published: December 2020

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a prominent cause of nosocomial infections associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, particularly in oncological patients. The hypermucoviscous (HMV) phenotype and biofilm production are key factors for CRKP colonization and persistence in the host. This study aims at exploring the impact of CRKP virulence factors on morbidity and mortality in oncological patients. A total of 86 CRKP were collected between January 2015 and December 2019. Carbapenem resistance-associated genes, antibiotic susceptibility, the HMV phenotype, and biofilm production were evaluated. The median age of the patients was 71 years (range 40–96 years). Clinically infected patients were 53 (61.6%), while CRKP colonized individuals were 33 (38.4%). The most common infectious manifestations were sepsis (43.4%) and pneumonia (18.9%), while rectal surveillance swabs were the most common site of CRKP isolation (81.8%) in colonized patients. The leading mechanism of carbapenem resistance was sustained by the KPC gene (96.5%), followed by OXA-48 (2.3%) and VIM (1.2%). Phenotypic CRKP characterization indicated that 55.8% of the isolates were strong biofilm-producers equally distributed between infected (54.2%) and colonized (45.8%) patients. The HMV phenotype was found in 22.1% of the isolates, which showed a significant (P<0.0001) decrease in biofilm production as compared to non-HMV strains. The overall mortality rate calculated on the group of infected patients was 35.8%. In univariate analysis, pneumoniae significantly correlated with death (OR 5.09; CI 95% 1.08–24.02; P=0.04). The non-HMV phenotype (OR 4.67; CI 95% 1.13–19.24; P=0.03) and strong biofilm-producing strains (OR 5.04; CI95% 1.39–18.25; P=0.01) were also associated with increased CRKP infection-related mortality. Notably, the multivariate analysis showed that infection with strong biofilm-producing CRKP was an independent predictor of mortality (OR 6.30; CI 95% 1.392–18.248; P=0.004). CRKP infection presents a high risk of death among oncological patients, particularly when pneumoniae and sepsis are present. In infected patients, the presence of strong biofilm-producing CRKP significantly increases the risk of death. Thus, the assessment of biofilm production may provide a key element in supporting the clinical management of high-risk oncological patients with CRKP infection.
Osteoid Metaplasia in Femoral Artery Plaques Is Associated With the Clinical Severity of Lower Extremity Artery Disease in Men
Authors: Laivuori Mirjami , Tolva Johanna , Lokki A. Inkeri , Linder Nina , Lundin Johan , Paakkanen Riitta , Albäck Anders , Venermo Maarit , Mäyränpää Mikko I. , Lokki Marja-Liisa , Sinisalo Juha
Published: December 2020

Lamellar metaplastic bone, osteoid metaplasia (OM), is found in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in the femoral arteries. In the carotid arteries, OM has been documented to be associated with plaque stability. This study investigated the clinical impact of OM load in femoral artery plaques of patients with lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) by using a deep learning-based image analysis algorithm. Plaques from 90 patients undergoing endarterectomy of the common femoral artery were collected and analyzed. After decalcification and fixation, 4-μm-thick longitudinal sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, digitized, and uploaded as whole-slide images on a cloud-based platform. A deep learning-based image analysis algorithm was trained to analyze the area percentage of OM in whole-slide images. Clinical data were extracted from electronic patient records, and the association with OM was analyzed. Fifty-one (56.7%) sections had OM. Females with diabetes had a higher area percentage of OM than females without diabetes. In male patients, the area percentage of OM inversely correlated with toe pressure and was significantly associated with severe symptoms of LEAD including rest pain, ulcer, or gangrene. According to our results, OM is a typical feature of femoral artery plaques and can be quantified using a deep learning-based image analysis method. The association of OM load with clinical features of LEAD appears to differ between male and female patients, highlighting the need for a gender-specific approach in the study of the mechanisms of atherosclerotic disease. In addition, the role of plaque characteristics in the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions warrants further consideration in the future.
Perspective: Acknowledging Data Work in the Social Media Research Lifecycle
Authors: Kinder-Kurlanda Katharina E. , Weller Katrin
Published: December 2020

This perspective article suggests considering the everyday research data management work required to accomplish social media research along different phases in a data lifecycle to inform the ongoing discussion of social media research data’s quality and validity. Our perspective is informed by practical experience of archiving social media data, by results from a series of qualitative interviews with social media researchers, as well as by recent literature in the field. We emphasize how social media researchers are entangled in complexities between social media platform providers, social media users, other actors, as well as legal and ethical frameworks, that all affect their everyday research practices. Research design decisions are made iteratively at different stages, involving many decisions that may potentially impact the quality of research. We show that these decisions are often hidden, but that making them visible allows us to better understand what drives social media research into specific directions. Consequently, we argue that untangling and documenting choices during the research lifecycle, especially when researchers pursue specific approaches and may have actively decided against others (often due to external factors) is necessary and will help to spot and address structural challenges in the social media research ecosystem that go beyond critiques of individual opportunistic approaches to easily accessible data.
Monitoring Communication Development Between Teachers and Their Students With Congenital Deafblindness: An Application of the Layered Communication Model
Authors: Wolthuis Kirsten , Bol Gerard W. , Minnaert Alexander , Janssen Marleen J.
Published: December 2020

The Layered Communication Model (LCM) consists of three layers of intersubjective development divided into different communicative behaviors per layer. Earlier research showed that the LCM can be used to describe the communication level between teachers and their students with congenital deafblindness (CDB). This study analyzed whether the LCM can also be used to monitor the development of LCM behaviors over time. Videos of eight student-teacher dyads recorded at the start of this study (baseline phase) and 5 months later (follow-up phase) were coded using 10-s partial interval coding. The presence of the communicative behaviors at the three layers of the LCM during baseline and follow-up were calculated and compared between dyads and phases. The results on the presence of LCM behaviors were in line with earlier research. The presence of primary layer behaviors was comparable between dyads, confirming that this is a basic communication layer. The differences found between dyads in the presence of secondary and tertiary layer behaviors shows that these can be used to determine a dyad's communicative level. Results also showed that the LCM can be used to monitor communication development. Small increases were found in the presence of LCM behaviors between baseline and follow-up for the primary layer behaviors, but larger increases were found for secondary and tertiary layer behaviors, showing that development can be monitored. In conclusion, this study again showed that the LCM can be used to describe a dyad's communicative level. We also found increases in the presence of certain behaviors between baseline and follow-up for all dyads, which shows that the LCM can also be used to monitor communication over time. More insight into the period between the analyzed phases is suggested to analyze what might have caused the increase in presence of behaviors. This would reveal more about the use of the LCM as a tool to improve communication development.
Diphyllin Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice Through Brown and Beige Adipocytes
Authors: Duan Ya-Nan , Ge Xiang , Jiang Hao-Wen , Zhang Hong-Jie , Zhao Yu , Li Jin-Long , Zhang Wei , Li Jing-Ya
Published: December 2020

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue dissipate metabolic energy and mediate nonshivering thermogenesis, thereby boosting energy expenditure. Increasing the browning of BAT and beige adipose tissue is expected to be a promising strategy for combatting obesity. Through phenotype screening of C3H10-T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells, diphyllin was identified as a promising molecule in promoting brown adipocyte differentiation. In vitro studies revealed that diphyllin promoted C3H10-T1/2 cell and primary brown/beige preadipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis, which resulted increased energy consumption. We synthesized the compound and evaluated its effect on metabolism in vivo. Chronic experiments revealed that mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with 100 mg/kg diphyllin had ameliorated oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and decreased body weight and fat content ratio. Adaptive thermogenesis in HFD-fed mice under cold stimulation and whole-body energy expenditure were augmented after chronic diphyllin treatment. Diphyllin may be involved in regulating the development of brown and beige adipocytes by inhibiting V-ATPase and reducing intracellular autophagy. This study provides new clues for the discovery of anti-obesity molecules from natural products.
Changes in Resting-State Cerebral Activity in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Functional MR Imaging Study
Authors: Li Guanghui , Hu Junhao , Zhang Si , Fan Weijie , Wen Li , Wang Guangxian , Zhang Dong
Published: December 2020

Background

Previous studies have found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have some degree of brain function change as well as cognitive function and emotions, such as poor executive functioning and memory, anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these alterations have not yet been clarified.

Method

Fasting serum hormone testing, neuropsychological testing and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) were performed in 41 women with newly diagnosed PCOS and 41 healthy controls matched by age and education during their 2–5 days of menstrual period. Analysis of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was used to calculate the seed points. Then, the functional connectivity (FC) values between these abnormal seed points and other voxels in the whole brain were calculated. Finally, the correlations among clinical indexes, neuropsychological evaluation scores, and neuroimaging data were analyzed.

Results

Compared with the control group, the PCOS group showed higher luteinizing hormone (LH) and serum insulin levels, worse sleep quality, increased depressive and anxiety state scores, and memory and executive function impairments. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the decreased ALFF value in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG.L), which is related to poor executive performance and depressive disorders, was negatively correlated with the plasma insulin level in subjects with insulin resistance. Furthermore, the increased FC strength between the MFG.L and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG.L) was positively correlated with the serum testosterone level. The enhanced FC strength between the left posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG.L) and triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFGtriang.L) was negatively correlated with the plasma LH level. When use the right middle occipital gyrus (MOG.R) as the seed point, the FC strength with the right inferior occipital gyrus (IOG.R), which is associated with impaired memory, was decreased.

Conclusion

The ALFF and FC results elucidated brain functional abnormalities at the regional and network levels in women with PCOS, while correlation analyses simultaneously demonstrated that these alterations were associated with serum hormones and cognitive function. These results may provide useful information regarding the potential mechanisms of cognitive impairment and emotional changes in this population.
The Formation, Detriment and Solution of Residual Lithium Compounds on Ni-Rich Layered Oxides in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Anqi , Wang Kun , Li Jiaojiao , Mao Qinzhong , Xiao Zhen , Zhu Dongmin , Wang Guoguang , Liao Peng , He Jiarui , You Ya , Xia Yang
Published: December 2020

Ni-rich layered transition-metal oxides with high specific capacity and energy density are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials for next generation lithium-ion batteries. However, the notorious surface impurities and high air sensitivity of Ni-rich layered oxides remain great challenges for its large-scale application. In this respect, surface impurities are mainly derived from excessive Li addition to reduce the Li/Ni mixing degree and to compensate for the Li volatilization during sintering. Owing to the high sensitivity to moisture and CO2 in ambient air, the Ni-rich layered oxides are prone to form residual lithium compounds (e.g. LiOH and Li2CO3) on the surface, subsequently engendering the detrimental subsurface phase transformation. Consequently, Ni-rich layered oxides often have inferior storage and processing performance. More seriously, the residual lithium compounds increase the cell polarization, as well as aggravate battery swelling during long-term cycling. This review focuses on the origin and evolution of residual lithium compounds. Moreover, the negative effects of residual lithium compounds on storage performance, processing performance and electrochemical performance are discussed in detail. Finally, the feasible solutions and future prospects on how to reduce or even eliminate residual lithium compounds are proposed.