bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multifaceted Scientist: a Bio-bibliographic Portrait of A.Yu. Samarin
Authors: Sukhorukov Konstantin M.
Published: December 2023

The review of the eleventh issue of the series “Russian Historians of Science and Technology”, published since 2005 under the auspices of the S.I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Natural Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IHNST RAS), is presented. It is called “Samarin Alexander Yuryevich: materials for bio-bibliography” (Moscow, 2023) and is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of A.Yu. Samarin, the famous historian of books and book business, bibliographer and librarian, historian of science, organizer of research, Deputy Director General for Scientific Publishing of the Russian State Library, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation. He has also been successfully cooperating with the IHNST RAS for a long time, being concurrently the chief researcher of the Department of Historiography and Source Studies of the History of Science and Technology. The review reveals the main content of this collection, which in a multidimensional and multifaceted way shows the role and place of A.Yu. Samarin in organizational, scientific and educational activities for the benefit of the Russian book culture, as well as introduces readers to little-known details of his life path. Special attention is paid to the diverse author and editorial activities of A.Yu. Samarin (including as editor-in-chief of the Bibliography magazine, which, after the inclusion of the Russian Book Chamber in ITAR-TASS, was published as an independent publication in 2015—2020). It is concluded that the publication of the index is an important milestone in the development of book, library and bibliographic knowledge about the history, current state and prospects of Russian book culture.
A Study of Dedications in 18th-century Publications: a Literary Contribution to Bibliography and Book Studies
Authors: Samarin Aleksander Yu.
Published: December 2023

The review of the monograph of the Doctor of Philology N.D. Kochetkova “Dedications in Russian publications of the 18 century: research, texts, bibliographic index” (Moscow; St. Petersburg, 2020) is presented. The content of this scientific work, which is important both for the history of Russian literature of the 18 century, and for bibliography, book studies and related humanities, is revealed. It is noted that the dedications reflect the most diverse aspects of the life of writers of the Enlightenment era: from client-patronage relations with government officials to friendships and family unions. This fact makes them an important source in historical and cultural research. The monograph analyzes dedications to various recipients: members of the royal family, dignitaries, heads of educational institutions, representatives of the clergy, women, friends, relatives, scientists and writers. An important component of the monograph is a detailed index of dedications in publications of the 18 century, including about 1780 items. It is a contribution to the bibliography of the Russian book of the 18 century and creates prospects for further research of dedications within the framework of literary studies, cultural history, and book studies. It is concluded that the monograph by N.D. Kochetkova will be a reference book for specialists studying Russian in the 18 century.
“Bio-bibliographic Self-Publishing”: Bibliographic Indexes to Anniversaries as a Resource for Multidimensional Search
Authors: Zakharova Svetlana S.
Published: December 2023

In scientific institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences special attention is paid to accounting of publications of employees. One of the most widespread information resources allowing to obtain information about publications of a particular scientist remains personal bibliographic indexes, both in printed and electronic form. The article considers biobibliographic indexes on soil science from the collection of the Central Library of the Pushchino Scientific Centre, a department of the Library of Natural Sciences (LNS) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, independently published for jubilee dates of scientists by students and relatives of researchers. The advantages and disadvantages of these indexes as resources for information and bibliographic service are noted.
Historical and Library Research as a Factor of State Cultural Policy
Authors: Mikheeva Galina V.
Published: December 2023

In modern conditions, due to objective reasons, the role of humanitarian research is intensifying to prevent the levelling of national culture and distortion of the foundations of spiritual and moral values of the peoples of Russia. The article emphasizes the importance of historical and library research in solving the urgent tasks of preserving historical memory. It tells in detail about historical and library research in the National Library of Russia, shows their connection with historical and bibliographic research. The significance of the “Sample Provision on the Organisation of Research Activities of the Central Library of the Subject of the Russian Federation” (2023) is revealed. It is emphasized that it is necessary to move from works reflecting individual historical facts to the systematic disclosure of the influence of libraries on the formation of the cultural environment of regions and the country as a whole, which corresponds to the new directions in the state cultural policy.
“Forgive Bibliophilic Hobbies”: Letters From D.V. Ulyaninsky to Book Historians, Publishers, and Collectors
Authors: Naumov Oleg N.
Published: December 2023

22 letters of 1900—1918 by D.V. Ulyaninsky (1861—1918) addressed to bibliophiles, publishers and collectors are published: B.S. Bodnarsky, L.E. Buchheim, N.P. Likhachev, M.Ya. Paradelov, P.K. Simoni, A.S. Suvorin, V.K. Trutovsky, V.G. Ulyaninsky. They are kept in the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library, the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, the St. Petersburg branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and contain valuable information about the formation and fate of the library, as well as the collection of ex-libris D.V. Ulyaninsky, his publishing activities, cooperation with public organizations, personal ties, lifestyle and style of communication. These sources can be used to study the history of bibliophilia, bibliography, antique book trade and in general the intellectual life of Russia in the early XX century.
A Living Classic of Library Science: Bio-bibliography of Yu.N. Stolyarov (2008—2023)
Authors: Levin Grigoriy L. , Sukhorukov Konstantin M.
Published: December 2023

. In commemoration of the 85th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian librarian Yu.N. Stolyarov, a bibliographic list of his works for 2008—2023 is published. It includes 500 titles (monographs, textbooks, composing works; articles, reports, reviews; foreign publications and translations; publications published under the scientific editorship of Yu.N. Stolyarov). The bibliographic list of publications about the scientist with the same chronological coverage includes 75 titles. In addition, a brief description of the special role of Yu.N. Stolyarov in the development of the theory and practice of librarianship, bibliography and book studies is given. This publication continues the bio-bibliographic index published by Nauka Publishing House in 2008 for the 70th anniversary of the scientist.
ON THE DETERMINATION OF MACROFEATURES OF GRANULAR MATERIAL SAMPLES DEPENDING ON DEM-MICROPARAMETERS UNDER SIMPLE SHEAR
Authors: Журкина Д.С. , Лавриков С.В.
Published: December 2023

Рассмотрена задача о циклическом сдвиге образца сыпучей среды в рамках численного метода дискретных элементов. Реализация близкого к однородному сдвига позволяет рассчитать компоненты тензора напряжений и деформаций представительного объема среды в зависимости от заданных микросвойств дискретных частиц и потенциалов взаимодействия между ними. Показано, что при сдвиге макрообъема выполняется условие соосности тензоров напряжений и деформаций. Построены дилатансионные кривые нагружения. Анализ напряженного состояния и дилатансии показывает, что с увеличением числа циклов нагружения процесс стабилизируется и выходит на стационарный режим. Установлена корреляция данных численных расчетов с аналогичными данными лабораторных экспериментов, проведенных ранее.

The problem of cyclic shear of granular material sample in the framework of discrete element method (DEM) was considered. The realization of the shear closed to homogeneous one allows calculating the components of the stress tensor of representative medium volume depending on given microproperties of the discrete particles and on the interaction conditions between them. It was shown that the coaxiality condition of the stress and strain tensors under the shear of macrovolume is satisfied. The dilatancy curve was plotted. An analysis of the stress state and the behavior of the dilatancy shows that an increasing of loading cycle number leads to the stabilization of deformation process in which the stationary deformation regime occurs. The correlation between the obtained numerical solutions and the data of laboratory experiments carried out earlier was found.
ON THE STRUCTURAL AND MATERIAL HETEROGENEITY OF THE ZONE OF TECTONIC DISCONTINUITY LOCALIZATIONS
Authors: Гридин Г.А. , Григорьева А.В. , Остапчук А.А. , Черемных А.В. , Бобров А.А.
Published: December 2023

В работе представлены результаты комплексного исследования эксгумированного участка тектонического разлома в районе Бугульдейского дизъюнктивного узла Байкальской рифтовой зоны. В рамках исследований определен химический состав 81 образца, отобранного с дневной поверхности, и выполнено их петрографическое описание. Применение алгоритма иерархической кластеризации при анализе химического состава образцов позволило выделить три группы, характеризующие крылья разлома, сложенные амфиболитовым и гранитным массивами, а также ядро разлома, характеризующееся привносом железисто-карбонатного материала. Петрографическое описание образцов подтверждает корректность выделения трех групп и позволяет, дополнительно, выявить динамометаморфические преобразования минералов, локализованных в ядре разлома и обусловленных инициированием высокоамплитудных сейсмогенерирующих подвижек. В ядре разлома массив был подвержен сильнейшим катакластическим деформациям с локализованным фрикционным нагревом геоматериала до 1000° C. На основе электротомографических измерений построен геоэлектрический разрез вкрест простирания разлома. На геоэлектрическом разрезе выделяется проводящая зона шириной 20 м, которая пространственно согласуется с зоной ядра разлома. На основе комплексного исследования эксгумированного сегмента были определены элементы его залегания (азимут простирания – 70°, угол падения – 60°), которые указывают, что эксгумированный сегмент приурочен к зоне Морского разлома.

The paper presents the results of a complex investigation on an exhumed section of a tectonic fault being a part of the Buguldeisky disjunctive node of the Baykal Rift Zone. The chemical composition of 81 samples taken at the day surface was determined, and their petrographic description was performed. Applying the hierarchical clustering algorithm in the analysis of chemical composition of the samples made it possible to distinguish three groups that characterize fault walls, composed of amphibolite and granite. Also the core of the fault was detected, which is characterized by an insertion of a ferruginous- carbonate material. The petrographic description of the samples confirms the correctness of identifying three groups and allows, additionally, to reveal the dynamometamorphic transformations of minerals localized in the fault core which were produced by high-amplitude seismogenic slips. In the fault core, the rock was subjected to strongest cataclastic deformations with a local frictional heating up to 1000° C. A geoelectric section was constructed across the strike of the fault based on the electrical tomographic measurements. A conductive zone 20 m wide is distinguished in the geoelectric section, which is spatially consistent with the zone of the fault core. Based on a comprehensive study of the exhumed segment, the elements of its occurrence were determined (strike azimuth is 70°, dip angle is 60°), which indicates that the exhumed segment belongs to the Morsky fault.
DYNAMIC MODES IN THE MODEL OF NEUTRAL GAS CONVECTION IN THE IONOSPHERIC F REGION UNDER FORCED HARMONIC INFLUENCE
Authors: Романов И.В. , Григорьев Д.В. , Платонова А.Т.
Published: December 2023

Исследуются режимы в модифицированной динамической системе Лоренца, описывающие распределение скорости движения и температуры конвективных валов с теплофизическими параметрами нейтрального газа в атмосфере, соответствующей высоте F области ионосферы, при внешнем гармоническом воздействии на температуру нейтрального газа. Модель нейтрального газа построена в приближении сосредоточенных параметров. Воздействие на динамическую систему осуществляется с помощью изменения параметров горизонтального и вертикального распределения температуры конвективных валов.

The modes in the modified Lorentz dynamic system, which describe the distribution of the speed and temperature of convective rolls with thermophysical parameters of the neutral gas of the ionosphere F region under an external harmonic effect on the neutral gas temperature are investigated. The neutral gas model is built in the approximation the thermophysical parameters constant in a convective cell. The external influence on the dynamic system is carried out by changing the parameters of the horizontal and vertical temperature distribution of the convective rolls.
GEOPHYSICAL FIELDS VARIATIONS DURING THE ERUPTION OF THE HUNGA-TONGA- HUNGA-HAAPAI VOLCANO ON JANUARY 15, 2022
Authors: Рыбнов Ю.С. , Соловьев С.П. , Крашенинников А.В. , Рыбнов С.Ю.
Published: December 2023

Приводятся данные инструментальных наблюдений, выполненных в Центре геофизического мониторинга г. Москвы ИДГ РАН в период взрывного извержения вулкана Хунга-Тонга-Хунга- Хаапай 15.01.2022 г. Показано, что эксплозия вулкана вызвала серию волновых возмущений в атмосфере – акустико-гравитационные волны (АГВ) зарегистрированы в виде волн Лэмба с источником в эпицентре эксплозии; периоды прохождения АГВ сопровождались синхронными возмущениями не только напряженности электрического поля, но и концентрации микрочастиц в приземном  слое  атмосферы.  Характерные  частоты  этих  возмущений  приходятся  на  диапазон, включающий частоту Брента–Вяйсяля.

The data of instrumental observations performed at the Center for Geophysical Monitoring of Moscow, IDG RAS during the explosive eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Haapai volcano on January 15, 2022, are presented. It is shown that the volcanic explosion caused a series of wave disturbances in the atmosphere. Acoustic-gravity waves were recorded as Lamb waves with a source at the epicenter of the explosion. It is shown that the periods of acoustic-gravity waves passage were accompanied by synchronous disturbances not only of the electric field strength, but also of the concentration of microparticles. The characteristic frequencies of these perturbations closely match to the frequency range including the Brunt–Väisälä frequency.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF DIRECTIONAL BLASTING BY CONVERGING BOREHOLE CHARGES
Authors: Викторов С.Д. , Закалинский В.М. , Одинцев В.Н. , Шиповский И.Е. , Мингазов Р.Я.
Published: December 2023

Использование пучка сближенных скважинных зарядов позволяет достичь эффекта направленного действия взрыва легче и точнее традиционного метода направленного взрывания, поскольку обеспечивается возможность практически любой конфигурации заряда. В работе рассмотрено моделирование взрывного воздействия на базе численного бессеточного лагранжевого метода, который называют методом сглаженных гидродинамических частиц.

The use of well bundles of converged charges makes it easier and more accurate to achieve the effect of directional blasting than the traditional method of directional blasting, since almost any charge configuration is possible to realize. The paper considers the simulation of blasting action based on the numerical gridless Lagrangian method, which is called the method of smoothed hydrodynamic particles.
MODELING OF RUPTURE PROPAGATION ALONG AN ACTIVE FAULT WITH HETEROGENEOUS FRICTION
Authors: Будков А.М. , Кочарян Г.Г.
Published: December 2023

Анализ геологической информации свидетельствует о существовании в одной и той же разломной зоне сегментов радикально отличающихся по структуре, вещественному составу и, как следствие, фрикционным характеристикам. В настоящей работе на основе численного моделирования рассматривается роль областей с различными свойствами при развитии динамического разрыва, инициированного на участке гетерогенного тектонического разлома. Показано, что характерные размеры фрикционных неоднородностей на плоскости скольжения и плотность их расположения в значительной степени определяют особенности распространения разрыва, в том числе такие плохо изученные этапы, как его старт и остановка. Инициирование разрыва локальной области может быть вызвано различными причинами – изменением порового давления, воздействием сейсмических колебаний от удаленных событий, межгеосферными взаимодействиями. После инициирования на одном из «запертых» сегментов динамический разрыв может распространяться даже при относительно небольшом, по сравнению с пиковой прочностью контакта, уровне касательных напряжений. Условием этого является наличие на плоскости разлома других контактных областей, обладающих свойствами разупрочнения при сдвиге. В этом случае оказывается необходимым обеспечить условия инициирования лишь на локальном участке, а дальше динамический сдвиг может поддерживаться волной напряжений, излучаемой с поверхности распространяющегося разрыва.

The analysis of geological information indicates the presence in the fault zone of segments radically different in structure, material composition and, as a result, frictional characteristics. In this work, on the basis of numerical calculations, we consider the role of regions with different properties during the development of a dynamic fault initiated in the area of a heterogeneous tectonic fault. It is shown that the characteristic size of frictional inhomogeneities on the slip plane and the density of their arrangement largely determine the features of the fracture propagation, including such poorly studied stages as its start and stop. The initiation of a rupture of a local area can be caused by various reasons – a change in pore pressure, the impact of seismic vibrations from remote events, and intergeospheric interactions. After initiation on one of the «locked» segments, a dynamic fracture can propagate even at a relatively small level of shear stresses compared to the peak contact strength. The condition for this is the presence on the fault plane of other contact regions with properties of frictional weakening. In this case, it turns out to be necessary to ensure the conditions of initiation only in a local area, and then the dynamic shear can be maintained by a stress wave radiated from the surface of a propagating discontinuity.
ON THE DETECTION OF A SYSTEMATIC COMPONENT IN THE VARIABILITY OF THE PARAMETERS OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Родкин М.В. , Липеровская Е.В.
Published: December 2023

Поведение сложных динамических систем очень изменчиво. В полной мере это относится к сейсмичности и к проявлению предвестников землетрясений. Даже в тех случаях, когда есть основания предполагать наличие предвестниковых эффектов, их часто оказывается крайне сложно выделить на фоне сильной фоновой изменчивости соответствующих систем. Предлагается и реализуется простой способ выделения искомой систематической компоненты в поведении динамических систем. Рассматриваются примеры сейсмоионосферных эффектов с использованием данных станции наземного вертикального зондирования Kokubunji (Токио, Япония) и режима сейсмичности в окрестности сильных (М7.0+) землетрясений на Камчатке. Можно предположить, что предложенный подход может оказаться эффективным и во многих других случаях.

The behavior of complex dynamical systems is highly variable. This fully applies to seismicity and to the manifestation of earthquake precursors. Even in those cases where there are grounds for assuming the presence of precursor effects, they are often extremely difficult to distinguish against the strong background variability of the corresponding systems. Asimple method for detecting of the desired systematic component in the behavior of dynamical systems is suggested and implemented. Examples of seismoionospheric effects are considered using data from the Kokubunji ground-based vertical sounding station (Tokyo, Japan) and the seismicity regime in the vicinity of strong (M7.0+) earthquakes in Kamchatka. It can be assumed that the proposed approach can be effective in many other cases.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC EVOLUTION OF DUST PRODUCED BY EXPLOSIONS IN BOREHOLES OF A MINING QUARRY
Authors: Хазинс В.М. , Шувалов В.В. , Соловьев С.П.
Published: December 2023

Описывается численная модель для расчета взрывов ВВ в скважинах, которая предусматривает возможность превращения выброшенного из воронки взрыва вещества в дискретные частицы (пыль и камни) и расчета движения этих конденсированных частиц и их взаимодействия с газовым потоком в рамках уравнений движения многофазных сред. Приводятся результаты расчета нескольких взрывов ВВ массой 1000 кг в скважинах глубиной 15 м, демонстрирующие образование и эволюцию газопылевого облака, изменение со временем массы частиц разного размера в воздухе и их распределение по пространству. Проведен численный анализ поведения в поле ветра газопылевого облака после завершения его подъема, и получена в первом приближении зависимость поверхностной концентрации мелкодисперсных частиц от времени на расстояниях до нескольких километров от борта карьера. Согласно расчетам, в условиях рассмотренной задачи превышение предельно допустимой концентрации взвешенных частиц в атмосфере на расстояниях, превышающих 500 м от борта карьера по ветру, достигнуто не будет.

A numerical model for calculating explosive detonation in boreholes is described. The model provides for the possibility of converting ejecta from the explosion crater into discrete particles (dust and stones) and calculating the motion of these condensed particles and their interaction with the gas flow within the framework of the equations of motion of multiphase media. The results of the calculation of 1000 kg TNT explosions in several boreholes 15 m deep are presented. These calculations demonstrate the formation and evolution of a gas and dust cloud, the change in the mass of particles of different sizes in the air with time, and their spatial distribution. A numerical analysis of the behavior of a gas and dust cloud in the wind field after completion of its rise was carried out, and the first approximation of dependence of the surface concentration of fine particles on time was obtained at distances up to several kilometers from the quarry wall. According to the calculations, the excess of the maximum permissible concentration of suspended particles in the atmosphere at downwind distances exceeding 500 m from the pit will not be achieved under the conditions of the considered problem.
EFFECT OF SOLAR X-RAY RADIATION AND PROTON PRECIPITATIONS ON THE AMPLITUDE OF VLF SIGNALS
Authors: Гаврилов Б.Г. , Ряховский И.А. , Поклад Ю.В.
Published: December 2023

Анализ и сравнение эффектов и механизмов воздействия на D, E области ионосферы рентгеновского излучения Солнца и высыпаний заряженных частиц – цель данной работы. В статье исследуются среднеширотные эффекты, которые не получили достаточного освещения в научной литературе. Анализируется изменение параметров радиосигналов, принимаемых в геофизической обсерватории ИДГ РАН «Михнево» от европейских ОНЧ передатчиков, для ряда событий в сентябре 2017 года, когда наблюдались рентгеновская вспышка класса Х8.2 и последующее протонное высыпание. Оба явления приводят к росту концентрации электронов в нижней ионосфере, но различаются по воздействию на параметры радиосигналов. Воздействие рентгеновского излучения, приводящее к росту амплитуды радиосигналов, наблюдается только в дневное время; воздействие протонных высыпаний проявляется в виде ночного снижения амплитуды.

The paper aims to analyze and compare the effects and mechanisms of influence on the D and E regions of the ionosphere of the Sun’s X-ray radiation and charged particle precipitations. The work investigates mid- latitude effects, which have not received sufficient coverage in the scientific literature. We analyze changes in the parameters of radio signals received at the IDG RAS Mikhnevo Observatory from European VLF transmitters for a series of events in September 2017, when an X8.2-class X-ray flare and subsequent proton precipitation were observed. Both events lead to an increase in the electron density in the lower ionosphere, but differ in their impact on radio signal parameters. The impact of X-ray radiation leading to an increase in the amplitude of radio signals is observed only in the daytime. The impact of proton rashes is manifested as a nighttime decrease in amplitude.
Results of otolith marking of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta for testing efficiency of their artificial reproduction
Authors: Vorozhtsova A. A. , Miakishev M. S. , Zelennikov O. V.
Published: December 2023

Otoliths from 3473 chum salmon spawners caught at the mouth of Naiba River and at Bereznyakovsky and Sokolovsky salmon hatcheries in 2013–2019 are investigated. Almost all of the chum adults caught at the hatcheries were marked at one of them and obviously migrated toward the point where they were released being the fry. Moreover, the most of chum spawners caught at the mouth of Naiba River also had the mark of either Bereznyakovsky or Sokolovsky hatchery, which definitely contributed a significant portion of the total stock of chum salmon in Dolinsky district of Sakhalin region.
Reproduction and commercial cultivation of chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi in conditions of a warm-water farm
Authors: Rachek E. I.
Published: December 2023

A breeding stock of chinese perch was gotten in a warm-water farm located in the southern Far East of Russia, where the experiment is conducted on growing this species up to three years. Combined method of growing in tanks, warm-water fry ponds and cages was used for growing the fingerlings, but two- and three-year old perches were kept in cages only and fed with live and non-living low-value forage fish. There were attempts to train two-year-old perch to feed on wet artificial pellets. By the end of the experiment, three-year-old chinese perches of two size groups had the body weight of 700−880 g with the maximum of 1600 g. Feed costs for the growth of two- and three-year-old fish in the growing seasons were 2.7−3.9 and 5.3−5.6 kg per 1 kg gain, respectively; their survival was 98−100 %. In 2023, the two-year-old perches weighing 0.5−1.1 kg were used for the first time in spawning and their offspring were raised to an average weight of 60 g.
Commercial resources of saffron cod Eleginus gracilis in the Russian waters of the Far-Eastern Seas
Authors: Novikova O. V. , Rakitina M. V. , Metlenkov A. V. , Chernoivanova L. A. , Nemchenko A. Yu.
Published: December 2023

Saffron cod Eleginus gracilis, being a typical representative of the elittoral ichthyocene, is an important commercial species in the coastal areas of the Far-Eastern Seas. Small- and medium-sized vessels equipped with both active fishing gears as Danish seine or trawl and fixed nets are used for fishery of this species, it is also popular for amateur and sport fishing from the sea ice. The portion of saffron cod in the total landing is the largest in the Karaginsky fishing subzone (8.1 %) and West-Kamchatka fishing subzone (3.6 %). Annual catch of the species in the Far-Eastern Seas fluctuated in 2003–2022 from 16.7 . 103 to 50.6 . 103 t, on average 33.9 . 103 t. The bulk of this value was caught in the waters at Kamchatka, mostly at its western coast where the average catch was 10.5 . 103 t annually in the last decade. The main fishing grounds of saffron cod are located within the Kamchatka-Kuril, West-Kamchatka, East-Sakhalin and Karaginsky fishing subzones, whereas the stocks at Primorye and sparsely populated coasts of the western Okhotsk Sea and northwestern Bering Sea are underexploited. The saffron cod CPUE reaches 4.5 t per hour of trawling on the shelf of West Kamchatka. The biomass of saffron cod is estimated recently as 197.4 . 103 t in the West-Kamchatka subzone, 100.4 . 103 t in the Karaginsky subzone, 32.8 . 103 t in the West Bering Sea fishing zone, 17.2 . 103 t in the Petropavlovsk-Commander subzone, 17.1 . 103 t in the East-Sakhalin sunzone, and 8.7 . 103 t in the North Okhotsk Sea subzone. The species is distinguished by significant fluctuations of commercial stocks caused by both environmental impacts on its recruitment and fishing pressure. The strong year-classes appear usually in relatively warm or moderate environmental conditions. In modern times, abundance and biomass of almost all exploited stocks of saffron cod in the Far-Eastern Seas excess their average long-term level or fluctuate around, so the state of their populations is considered as quite satisfactory.
Life strategies of pacific salmon. Communication 1. Diversity of life forms
Authors: Marchenko S. L.
Published: December 2023

Diversity of life strategies of pacific salmon (gen. Oncorhynchus) is reviewed on the basis of published data. Cases of polycyclicity and changes in life strategy during the ontogenesis are described.
Characteristics of sublittoral vegetation in the northwestern Okhotsk Sea based on the concept of adaptive zone
Authors: Dulenin A. A.
Published: December 2023

Sublittoral vegetation in the northwestern Okhotsk Sea is described on the data of diving survey in 2020 and some additional data obtained from 2003 to 2022. Five macroalgae associations (Saccharinetum latissimae, Pseudolessonietum laminarioidae, Alarietum esculentae, Sargassetum miyabeae, and Zosteretum marinae) and one group of red algae communities are identified and classified into 5 alliances, 3 orders and 3 classes. All these associations occur over entire area (from 56º to 59º N), within almost whole range of the surveyed depths (2–11 m), and occupy a total of 88 % of the vegetation cover, with statistically uniform distribution. Coenofloras of the associations are poor: up to 5–6 species or multispecies groups have been noted in every association. The concept of an adaptive zone is proposed as an optimal methodological basis for describing marine sublittoral plant communities in the temperate zone. The sublittoral associations in the study area are considered as elementary Petersen-type communities with on average ¾ of the bottom cover and biomass formed by the main dominant species. These associations and higher syntaxa can be built into the most common floristic system of syntaxonomic classification. The adaptive zone concept allows to solve the problem of subjectivism in selection of syntaxa, so the syntaxonomy becomes closer to natural classification with ecological meaning. Successful applicability of the adaptive zone concept for the algae resources assessment is proven; the stock in the surveyed area of 64 km2 is evaluated as 200 . 103 t.
Gametogenesis of pacific salmon. 2. Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta
Authors: Zelennikov O. V.
Published: December 2023

All available information on gametogenesis of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta cited in scientific literature is summarized. The phases of indifferent development and sex differentiation are overviewed, specific features of the testes and ovaries development are noted, forming of fecundity is analyzed.
On fecundity of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in the commercial herd at Iturup Island
Authors: Elnikov A. N. , Zelennikov O. V.
Published: December 2023

Absolute fecundity of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta is investigated for the commercial herd dwelled at Iturup Island. Currently, the herd is formed mostly by fish of hatchery origin but has retained the same species and regional features that distinguished it when it was formed mainly due to natural spawning. The value of absolute fecundity is determined for 3833 females and ranges from 769 to 4400 oocytes. For the fish of two dominant age groups (3+ and 4+), this number usually decreases with age, with the exception of particularly large older fish with greater fecundity. Same factors that promote abundance of hatchery fish in the herd also contribute to decreasing of abortive processes in the ovaries, therefore the absolute fecundity correlates closely and positively with the catch of chum salmon in the coastal waters.
Some data on status of the herd of horsehair crab (Erimacrus isenbeckii) in the northwestern Tatar Strait
Authors: Kharitonov A. V. , Dulenina P. A.
Published: December 2023

The data of trap surveys and observations aboard fishing vessels conducted in the northwestern Tatar Strait (northward from Cape Zolotoy) in 2009–2022 are analyzed. Horsehair crabs dwell along the entire continental coast from Cape Zolotoy in the south to Cape Nakatov in the north, but commercial aggregations with the density on average 232 ind./km2 are concentrated in the southern part of this area (south of 49о N). Seasonal bathymetric migrations of the crab include the fall moving of commercial males from the depths of 10–40 m to the depths of 40–60 m for wintering and their return to shallows in spring. Two dense wintering aggregations are formed usually between Cape Peschany – Cape Mapatsa and southward from 48о00′ N, whereas sparse summer aggregations are widely distributed along the coast. Regardless the season, the aggregations density decreases from south to north. The males are generally larger in the southern aggregations than in the northern ones (on average, 100.3 and 89.8 mm of carapace width, respectively), the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The stock of horsehair crab in the northwestern Tatar Strait has increased in the last 20 years from136 tons in 2003 to 1580 tons in 2022. Over the past 10 years, the optimal allowable catch in the Primorye subzone north of Cape Zolotoy was utilized less than 50 %. There is no specialized fishery of horsehair crab; the species is caught mainly as bycatch for other shelf crab species. High current level of the stock gives a good background for commercial removal of at least 158 t of horsehair crab without damage to the local population of this species.
Typical patterns of the water temperature distribution in the upper mixed layer of the Bering Sea in winter season
Authors: Luchin V. A.
Published: December 2023

Typical patterns of the water temperature distribution in the upper mixed layer of the Bering Sea in winter are determined on all available oceanographic data obtainedby research institutions of Russia, Japan, USA, and China. Previously [Luchin, 2023], the data were sorted to two sets presenting «cold» and «warm» winters. The proper set includes 2,492 oceanographic stations and the latter one – 2,130 stations. Spatial distribution of the temperature has some common patterns for both sets: the highest values (3–4 to 5–6 оC) are observed at the central and eastern passages between Aleutian Islands, primarily reflecting the Pacific waters invasion to the sea, then these waters are involved into the large-scale cyclonic gyre over the deep-water basin and transported along the continental slope that is indicated by 3оC isotherm. However, different types of the temperature distribution are well distinguished by prominent difference of its values that is amounted in 1.0–1.5о, up to 3–4о at the northwestern coast including the western part of the eastern Bering Sea slope. A wide set of potential predictors for interannual variability of thermal and dynamic conditions in the Bering Sea are examined using correlation analysis,including the global and regional climatic indices. There is concluded that the winter temperature fields are formed by several key factors, as the warm Pacific waters advection, the basin-scale cyclonic circulation, the vertical and lateral water mixing in the Aleutian sounds and at the continental slope, and fall-winter cooling of the surface layer driven by air–sea heat exchange.
Trophic characteristics of pelagic and bottom nekton in certain water masses in the western Chukchi Sea, by δ15N and δ13C data
Authors: Gorbatenko K. M. , Melnikov I. V. , Pedchenko A. P.
Published: December 2023

To compare the trophic characteristics of pelagic- and bottom-dwelling fish in the western Chukchi Sea, isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen (δ13С and δ15N) is considered separately for the Subarctic water mass (invaded from the Bering Sea) and local Arctic water mass. In summer of 2018 and 2019, the proper water mass occupied mostly the area southward from 71оN and the latter one – northward from this latitude. The isotopic composition of both pelagic and bottom nekton in the southern area was characterized by higher values of δ13C (up to 2 % higher) and low values of δ15N (up to 1 % lower) in comparison with those in the northern area. That was interpreted that in the southern area, within the water from the Bering Sea, more than 90 % of the sampled bottom fish species were linked with prey from the bottom community. In the northern area, within the Arctic water, all samples of bottom fish were characterized by minimal content of heavy carbon δ13C isotope, comparable with the values in samples of pelagic fish that indicated a significant role of pelagic prey in nutrition of the bottom nekton.
A turn-off fluorescent sensor for metal ions quantifies corrosion in an organic solvent
Authors: Liu Lianlian , Pfaffenberger Zechariah , Seigel Mark , Saini Anuj , Kisley Lydia
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate that the corrosion of AISI 1045 medium carbon steel and pure aluminum can be quantified by the turn-off fluorescent sensor Phen Green-SK (PGSK) in ethanol-based solutions. We first evaluate the dependence of the chelation enhanced quenching of PGSK on iron and aluminum ion concentrations. Subsequently, we apply PGSK to examine the anodic dissolution of metal corrosion. The observed time-dependent PGSK-quenching quantifies the corrosion rates of two metals over 24-hours of immersion in ethanol-based solutions. The PGSK-based quantification of corrosion is compared to scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques, including open circuit potential and Tafel extrapolation. The corrosion rates calculated from PGSK-quenching and Tafel extrapolation are in agreement, and both indicate a decrease in corrosion rates over 24-hours. Our work shows PGSK can efficiently sense and quantify anodic corrosion reactions at metal interfaces, especially in organic solvents or other non-aqueous environments where the application of electrochemical techniques can be limited by the poor conductivity of the surrounding medium.
2’,3’-protected nucleotides as building blocks for enzymatic de novo RNA synthesis
Authors: Pichon Maëva , Levi-Acobas Fabienne , Kitoun Camélia , Hollenstein Marcel
Published: December 2023

Besides being a key player in numerous, fundamental biological process, RNA also represents a versatile platform for the creation of therapeutic agents and efficient vaccines. The production of RNA oligonucleotides, especially those decorated with chemical modifications, cannot meet the exponential demand. Due to the inherent limits of solid-phase synthesis and in vitro transcription, alternative, biocatalytic approaches are in dire need to facilitate the production of RNA oligonucleotides. Here, we present a first step towards the controlled enzymatic synthesis of RNA oligonucleotides. We have explored the possibility of a simple protection step of the vicinal cis-diol moiety to temporarily block ribonucleotides. We demonstrate that pyrimidine nucleotides protected with acetals, particularly 2',3'-O-isopropylidene, are well-tolerated by the template-independent RNA polymerase PUP (polyU polymerase) and highly efficient coupling reactions can be achieved within minutes – an important feature for the development of enzymatic de novo synthesis protocols. Even though purines are not equally well-tolerated, these findings clearly demonstrate the possibility of using cis-diol-protected ribonucleotides combined with template-independent polymerases for the stepwise construction of RNA oligonucleotides.
Elucidating the Role of O2 Uncoupling for the Adaptation of Bacterial Biodegradation Reactions Catalyzed by Rieske Oxygenases
Authors: Bopp Charlotte E. , Bernet Nora M. , Meyer Fabian , Khan Riyaz , Robinson Serina L. , Kohler Hans-Peter E. , Buller Rebecca , Hofstetter Thomas
Published: December 2023

Oxygenation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by Rieske oxygenases is the initial step of various biodegradation pathways for environmental organic contaminants. Microorganisms carrying Rieske oxygenases are able to quickly adapt their substrate spectrum to alternative carbon and energy sources that are structurally related to the original target substrate, yet the molecular events responsible for this rapid adaptation are not well understood. Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by unproductive activation of O2, the so-called O2 uncoupling, in the presence of the alternative substrate exert a selective pressure for increasing the oxygenation efficiency of Rieske oxygenases. To that end, we studied wild-type 2-nitrotoluene dioxygenase (2NTDO) from Acidovorax sp. strain JS42 and five enzymes variants that have evolved from laboratory evolution experiments with 3- and 4-nitrotoluene as alternative growth substrates. The enzyme variants showed a substantially increased oxygenation efficiency towards the new target substrates concomitant with a reduction of ROS production, while mechanisms and kinetics of enzymatic O2 activation remained unchanged. Structural analyses and docking studies suggest that point mutations in enzyme variants occurred at residues lining both substrate and O2 transport tunnels enabling tighter binding of the target substrates in the active site. Increased oxygenation efficiencies measured in vitro for the various enzyme (variant)-substrate combinations correlated linearly with in vivo changes in growth rates for evolved Acidovorax strains expressing the variants. Our data suggest that the selective pressure from oxidative stress towards more efficient oxygenation by Rieske oxygenases was most notable when O2 uncoupling exceeded 60%.
VE-cadherin junction dynamics in initial lymphatic vessels promotes lymph node metastasis
Authors: Sáinz-Jaspeado Miguel , Ring Sarah , Proulx Steven T , Richards Mark , Martinsson Pernilla , Li Xiujuan , Claesson-Welsh Lena , Ulvmar Maria H , Jin Yi
Published: December 2023

The endothelial junction component vascular endothelial (VE)–cadherin governs junctional dynamics in the blood and lymphatic vasculature. Here, we explored how lymphatic junction stability is modulated by elevated VEGFA signaling to facilitate metastasis to sentinel lymph nodes. Zippering of VE-cadherin junctions was established in dermal initial lymphatic vessels after VEGFA injection and in tumor-proximal lymphatics in mice. Shape analysis of pan-cellular VE-cadherin fragments revealed that junctional zippering was accompanied by accumulation of small round-shaped VE-cadherin fragments in the lymphatic endothelium. In mice expressing a mutant VEGFR2 lacking the Y949 phosphosite (Vegfr2Y949F/Y949F) required for activation of Src family kinases, zippering of lymphatic junctions persisted, whereas accumulation of small VE-cadherin fragments was suppressed. Moreover, tumor cell entry into initial lymphatic vessels and subsequent metastatic spread to lymph nodes was reduced in mutant mice compared with WT, after challenge with B16F10 melanoma or EO771 breast cancer. We conclude that VEGFA mediates zippering of VE-cadherin junctions in initial lymphatics. Zippering is accompanied by increased VE-cadherin fragmentation through VEGFA-induced Src kinase activation, correlating with tumor dissemination to sentinel lymph nodes.
Extreme trait GWAS (Et-GWAS): Unraveling rare variants in the 3,000 rice genome
Authors: Gnanapragasam Niranjani , Prasanth Vinukonda Vishnu , Sundaram Krishna Tesman , Kumar Ajay , Pahi Bandana , Gurjar Anoop , Venkateshwarlu Challa , Kalia Sanjay , Kumar Arvind , Dixit Shalabh , Kohli Ajay , Singh Uma Maheshwer , Singh Vikas Kumar , Sinha Pallavi
Published: December 2023

Identifying high-impact, rare genetic variants associated with specific traits is crucial for crop improvement. The 3,010 rice genome (3K RG) dataset offers a valuable resource for discovering genomic regions with potential applications in crop breeding. We used Extreme Trait GWAS (Et-GWAS), employing bulk pooling and allele frequency measurement to efficiently extract rare variants from the 3K RG. This innovative approach facilitates the detection of associations between genetic variants and target traits, concentrating and quantifying rare alleles. In our study, on grain yield under drought stress, Et-GWAS successfully identified five key genes (OsPP2C11,OsK5.2,OsIRO2,OsPEX1, andOsPWA1) known for enhancing yield under drought. In addition, we examined the overlap of our results with previously reportedqDTY-QTLs and observed thatOsUCH1andOsUCH2genes were located withinqDTY2.2. We compared Et-GWAS with conventional GWAS, finding it effectively capturing most candidate genes associated with the target trait. Validation with resistant starch showed similar results. To enhance user-friendliness, we developed a GUI for Et-GWAS;https://et-gwas.shinyapps.io/Et-GWAS/.