bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Relationships Between Behavioural Biases and the Rational Behaviour of Australian Female Consumers
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Hewege Chandana , Perera Chamila
Published: January 2025

The paper aims to examine the relationships between behavioural biases (such as overconfidence and herding) and the rational behaviour of Australian female consumers when making financial decisions. In doing so, the paper showcases the financial illiteracy of Australian female consumers when confronted with irregularities within the Australian financial markets. From a theoretical standpoint, the study adopts the notions of the adaptive market hypothesis (AMH) to understand the reasoning behind the relationships between behavioural biases (such as overconfidence and herding) and the rational behaviour of Australian female consumers when making decisions rationally. Using a quantitative approach, a structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted on the proposed theoretical framework with a cleaned dataset of 357 Australian female consumers, which revealed that behavioural biases significantly influence each stage of rational decision-making when making financial decisions. More precisely, the structural equation modelling (SEM) showcases that herding behaviour has a significant positive relationship with the information search and evaluation of alternative stages when making financial decisions. However, overconfidence behaviour has a significant negative relationship with demand identification and evaluation of alternative stages when making financial decisions. Moreover, the findings also showcase that the proposed theoretical model closely fits with the data utilised, indicating that Australian female consumers do follow rational decision-making when making financial decisions. Additionally, the findings revealed that the education and income levels of Australian female consumers positively influence the stages of rational decision-making. The findings also contend that Australian female consumers have a risk-averse attitude (i.e., within three key hypothetical scenarios) towards financial decisions due to the presence of financial illiteracy. Hence, it is strongly suggested that financial institutions highlight the calculative benefits and returns from financial product purchases in advertising and promotions in a way that appeals to female consumer segments.
Targeted Inhibition of GATA-3 by Pyrrothiogatain: Implications for Adipocyte Biology and Inflammatory Response
Authors: Almuraikhy Shamma , Alser Maha , Naja Khaled , Al-Malki Aisha , Mazloum Nayef A. , Elrayess Mohamed A.
Published: January 2025

GATA-3 is a master regulator of preadipocyte differentiation and function. Pharmacological or genetic targeting of GATA-3 will allow us to understand the function of GATA-3 in regulating metabolism, insulin signaling, and inflammation. Pyrrothiogatain, a novel small molecule inhibitor of GATA family proteins, has emerged as a promising tool for modulating GATA-3 activity. This study aims to investigate the specificity of Pyrrothiogatain in regulating GATA-3-mediated preadipocyte differentiation and adipokine secretion under normal and pathological conditions. Wild-type and GATA-3 knockout 3T3-L1 cells were treated with different concentrations of Pyrrothiogatain in the presence and absence of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), an inducer of oxidative stress and impairment of adipogenesis. As expected, GATA-3 knockout cells exhibited enhanced adipogenic capacity, characterized by increased cell and lipid droplet sizes, and upregulated expression of key adipogenic markers including CEBPβ, PPARγ, and PGC-1α. Pyrrothiogatain treatment reduced cell proliferation in both wild-type and GATA-3 knockout 3T3-L1 cells, but did not alter their adipogenic capacity. Furthermore, Pyrrothiogatain lowered secreted IL-6 levels and attenuated 4-HNE-induced TNF-α elevation in wild-type, but not in GATA-3 knockout cells. Co-treatment of 4-HNE and Pyrrothiogatain led to increased cell size, suggesting complex interactions between oxidative stress and GATA protein inhibition. This effect was similar to GATA-3 knockout cells, indicating Pyrrothiogatain’s potential to modulate cellular stress responses independently of GATA-3 inhibition. These results reveal that Pyrrothiogatain’s effects on adipocyte biology extend beyond simple GATA-3 inhibition. While GATA-3 knockout primarily affects adipogenesis, Pyrrothiogatain modulates inflammatory responses and potentially cellular stress mechanisms without directly impacting adipocyte differentiation. This study provides new insights into the multifaceted actions of Pyrrothiogatain and highlights its potential as a therapeutic agent for lowering inflammation and oxidative-stress-related aspects of metabolic disorders, distinct from the direct modulation of adipogenesis.
General Applicable Residence Time Distribution Model to Estimate Reaction Rates in a Rotor–Stator Spinning Disc Reactor
Authors: Meeuwse Petra , van Lieshout Marit
Published: January 2025

Many designs of industrial reactors stem from designs from the 1960s–1970s. For a wide range of reactions, these designs lead to suboptimal reaction configurations due to limitations in heat- or mass-transfer. Process intensification has come up with a different approach, resulting in micro- and mini-reactors being safer and more cost-effective on a full industrial scale. However, based on the experience in the suboptimal reactor designs, the reaction rates of these reactions seem too low for full-scale reactions in a mini reactor. We suggest a test for the reaction rate based on a generalized model in combination with a specific type of mini-reactor: the rotor–stator spinning disc reactor. The generalized model is based on existing models on residence time distribution in such reactors. It does not need to be tailor-fitted for a specific rotor–stator spinning disc reactor that is used for the test, as is the case with current models. In this article, we show that our simplifications induce a difference in outcome in reaction rate of less than 10% with the existing models. Experiments with the well-studied chemical reaction of the hydrolysis of acetic anhydride show that the reaction rates calculated based on this scan fall within the range of reported data from the literature.
Mapping the Gaps: A Scoping Review of Virtual Care Solutions for Caregivers of Children with Chronic Illnesses
Authors: Pope Nicole , Birnie Kathyrn A. , Noel Melanie , Dol Justine , Li Danyu , Macneil Megan , Zientek Darrel , Surry Victoria , Stinson Jennifer N.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Caregivers of children with chronic illnesses, including chronic pain, experience high levels of distress, which impacts their own mental and physical health as well as child outcomes. Virtual care solutions offer opportunities to provide accessible support, yet most overlook caregivers’ needs. We conducted a scoping review to create an interactive Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) of virtual care solutions across a stepped care continuum (i.e., from self-directed to specialized care) for caregivers of youth with chronic illnesses. Methods: The review methodology was co-designed with four caregivers. Data sources were the peer-reviewed scientific literature and a call for innovations. Records were independently coded and assessed for quality. Results: Overall, 73 studies were included. Most virtual care solutions targeted caregivers of children with cancer, neurological disorders, and complex chronic illnesses. Over half were noted at lower levels of stepped care (i.e., self-guided apps and websites), with psychological strategies being predominant (84%). However, very few addressed caregivers’ physical health (15%) or provided family counseling (19%) or practical support (1%). Significant gaps were noted in interventions for managing caregiver chronic pain, despite its high prevalence and impact on child outcomes. Conclusions: Evidence and Gap Maps are innovative visual tools for knowledge synthesis, facilitating rapid, evidence-informed decision-making for patients, families, health professionals, and policymakers. This EGM highlighted high-quality virtual care solutions ready for immediate scaling and identified critical evidence gaps requiring prioritization. To address the complexities of pediatric chronic illnesses, including chronic pain, virtual care initiatives must prioritize family-centered, accessible, and equitable approaches. Engaging caregivers as partners is critical to ensure interventions align with their needs and priorities.
Settlement Prediction for Cast-in-Place Tubular Piles with Large Diameters Based on the Load Transfer Approach
Authors: Wu Jiujiang , Xiao Lin , Lian Jifeng , Wang Lijuan
Published: January 2025

Large-diameter cast-in-place tubular piles offer high efficiency and adaptability for various engineering applications. Despite their widespread use, the bearing behavior of these piles remains complex due to the interactions with the internal soil core, and the related theoretical framework is not yet fully developed. In this study, a simplified load transfer model is proposed based on the pile–soil interaction mechanism of large-diameter tubular piles. Comprehensive load transfer models for the skin friction and end resistance of both the pile body and the soil core are established, supported by a detailed theoretical analysis. A novel three-criteria approach is introduced for the first time to enhance settlement predictions for large-diameter tubular piles by considering the displacement coordination mechanism of the internal soil core, addressing the limitations of traditional two-criteria methods. The proposed methods are validated through two engineering case studies, demonstrating their effectiveness and confirming their rationality and applicability in practical scenarios.
Malocclusion and Its Relationship with Sound Speech Disorders in Deciduous and Mixed Dentition: A Scoping Review
Authors: Aprile Mariangela , Verdecchia Alessio , Dettori Claudia , Spinas Enrico
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The intricate relationship between malocclusions and speech sound disorders (SSDs) is yet to be fully understood. This is particularly true for pediatric patients during the deciduous and mixed dentition stages. Employing a methodical scoping review approach, this study scrutinizes the recent literature to elucidate how these dental misalignments impact speech articulation and phonetic clarity. Methods: The present scoping review has been conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The selected articles have been found using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library; the scope was limited to studies describing cases of patients in the deciduous or mixed dentition stage and the presence of both malocclusion and SSDs. Results: Out of the 1880 articles found, 44 passed the initial screening and 12 met the eligibility criteria and have been included in this review. Conclusions: The analysis reveals that while there is a consensus on the influence of malocclusions on speech production, the extent and specific nature of these effects vary across studies. anterior open bite is frequently associated with speech disorders, affecting phonemes by altering airflow and tongue placement. The review highlights the need for multidisciplinary approaches for effective treatment and calls for further investigation into the causative relationships between malocclusions and SSDs.
Physical Education Students’ Opinion on Rhythmic Gymnastics and Its Relation to Gender
Authors: Reyno-Freundt Alda , Meirone-Matus Nicolás , Fontecilla Mariana Durán , Vega-Ramírez Lilyan
Published: January 2025

The gender perspective (GP) aims to generate social change by questioning the stereotypes and roles assigned to individuals and addressing biases and related issues. In Chile, it has been promoted through public policies (Law No.21.369). For this reason, the Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation Pedagogy program at a state university has adjusted its curricular activities. Rhythmic gymnastics (RG), a sport traditionally considered exclusive to women and previously taught only to “them”, must now be taken by all people, regardless of their gender. This research, project funded by the Metropolitan University of Chile DIUMCE01-2024-EFA, analyzes the opinions of 50 students about RG in their curriculum and its relationship with GP prior to taking the course. The study follows a qualitative case study approach, applying semantic content analysis with emergent categories to the responses. The student body presents a favorable attitude toward the curricular activity, expressing interest in applying it within their professional field. They state that sports should be practiced without gender differentiation. They recognize that there are social biases linked to gender stereotypes. On the other hand, the lack of knowledge of RG implies prejudices, such as feeling uncoordinated, inflexible, and uncomfortable when working on corporal expression.
Evaluation of Anti-Fungal Activities of Environmentally Friendly Wood Preservative from Thermal-Induced Lignified Twigs
Authors: Gao Xinqi , Lei Yafang , Sun Teng , Ma Yuanze , Guan Hao , Yan Li
Published: January 2025

Enhancing the decay resistance of Populus tomentosa wood through environmentally friendly methods is crucial for improving its durability and market competitiveness. Lignified twigs (LT), typically unsuitable as timber due to their small diameter, are rich in lignin, which degrades during thermal induction to produce antifungal organic compounds. In this context, the objective of this study was to develop a lignified twig preservative (LTP) by thermal induction from the LT of Actinidia chinensis var. Jinyang. The antifungal activity of LTP under varying thermal conditions was analyzed, along with its chemical composition. Enzyme activity, cell membrane integrity, and respiratory metabolism in fungi treated with LTP were examined to elucidate antifungal mechanisms. Additionally, the decay resistance of LTP-treated wood was evaluated. Results revealed that LTP produced under N2 at 220 °C exhibited robust antifungal activity against Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum, attributed to phenolic compounds such as syringaldehyde, syringone, vanillin, and vanillone. LTP inhibited fungal cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninases by 30%–60%, disrupted cell membrane functionality, and suppressed respiratory metabolism. Poplar wood treated with LTP demonstrated significantly enhanced decay resistance (mass loss < 10%). This thermal-induced feedback pattern shows great potential for LT in wood preservation.
Omics Approaches to Study Perilipins and Their Significant Biological Role in Cardiometabolic Disorders
Authors: Gianazza Erica , Papaianni Giulia G. , Brocca Lisa , Banfi Cristina , Mallia Alice
Published: January 2025

Lipid droplets (LDs), highly dynamic cellular organelles specialized in lipid storage and maintenance of lipid homeostasis, contain several proteins on their surface, among which the perilipin (Plin) family stands out as the most abundant group of LD-binding proteins. They play a pivotal role in influencing the behavior and functionality of LDs, regulating lipase activity, and preserving a balance between lipid synthesis and degradation, which is crucial in the development of obesity and abnormal accumulation of fat in non-adipose tissues, causing negative adverse biological effects, such as insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. The expression levels of Plins are often associated with various diseases, such as hepatic steatosis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Thus, it becomes of interest to investigate the Plin roles by using appropriate “omics” approaches that may provide additional insight into the mechanisms through which these proteins contribute to cellular and tissue homeostasis. This review is intended to give an overview of the most significant omics studies focused on the characterization of Plin proteins and the identification of their potential targets involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular and cardiometabolic complications, as well as their interactors that could be useful for more efficient therapeutic and preventive approaches for patients.
The Role of Long Non-Coding RNA in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kiełbowski Kajetan , Ćmil Maciej , Biniek Wojciech Jerzy , Bakinowska Estera , Pawlik Andrzej
Published: January 2025

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to joint damage and physical dysfunction. The pathogenesis of RA is highly complex, involving genetic, epigenetic, immune, and metabolic factors, among others. Over the years, research has highlighted the importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating gene expression. Given their dysregulation in numerous conditions, ncRNAs are thought to play a role in pathological processes. In RA, aberrant levels of circulating long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly observed in peripheral blood, along with their dysregulated expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial tissue. This review discusses the involvement of lncRNAs in inflammation and the aggressive characteristics of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, a key cellular population driving RA progression.
A Unique Case of Extramedullary Relapse in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Testicular to Ocular, Cardiac, and Colonic Involvement and the Role of Sperm Phenotyping in Diagnosis—Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Cătană Alina Camelia , Vlădoiu Maria-Gabriela , Sandu Mariana , Olteanu Ariela , Mocanu Liliana , Mihai Elena , Teodoru Minodora , Matei Claudiu , Zahu Renata , Varady Zsofia , Mondoc Lidia , Noor Cristina , Moicean Andreea , Mera Geanina
Published: January 2025

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant condition of lymphoid progenitor cells that primarily affects the pediatric population, but also adults. The 5-year survival rate is 90% in children and approximately 40% in adults, with survival increasing through the use of peripheral stem cell allotransplantation (SCT). The relapse rate after stem cell transplantation (SCT) in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients ranges from 35% to 45%, making relapse a major cause of death in this population. Background: We present an atypical case of late testicular involvement in ALL in a 50-year-old man diagnosed with ALL pro-T in remission post-chemotherapy (GMALL 2003 protocol) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) from a related donor. Methods: This case describes a 50-year-old male with ALL pro-T who experienced three rare extramedullary relapses post-chemotherapy and alloSCT. Five years after remission, he had a unilateral testicular relapse confirmed by immunophenotyping of spermatic fluid. Results: Despite no bone marrow involvement, he was treated with chemotherapy, intrathecal therapy, and bilateral testicular radiotherapy. He later relapsed in the orbit, controlled by radiotherapy, followed by a third relapse in the heart and colon. Conclusions: This case highlights the unusual sites and consecutive nature of extramedullary relapses in adult ALL.
The Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Management of Infantile Hemangiomas—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rešić Arnes , Barčot Zoran , Habek Dubravko , Pogorelić Zenon , Bašković Marko
Published: January 2025

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common pediatric benign vascular tumor. Its pathogenesis is still poorly understood, and it usually appears during the first few weeks of life and follows a characteristic natural course of proliferation and involution. Most IHs are small, benign, resolve spontaneously, and do not require active treatment but only active observation. A minority of IHs are potentially problematic because they can cause life-threatening complications, permanent disfigurement, and functional impairment. Diagnosis is usually clinical, and propranolol is currently the mainstay of treatment. Other therapeutic modalities may be used alone or in combination, depending on the characteristics of the specific IH. New treatment options are being explored every day, and some are showing promising results. It is undeniable that therapeutic modalities for IHs must be selected based on the child’s age, the size and location of the lesion, the presence of complications, the implementation conditions, and the possible outcomes of the treatment. The future of IH management will certainly be reflected in improved advanced imaging modalities, research into the genetic and molecular basis, the development of new pharmacological agents or techniques, and the development of standardized protocols, all to optimize outcomes with minimal side effects.
Extrusion-Based Printing of Myoblast-Loaded Fibrin Microthreads to Induce Myogenesis
Authors: Lee Hanson S. , Samolyk Bryanna L. , Pins George D.
Published: January 2025

Large skeletal muscle injuries such as volumetric muscle loss (VML) disrupt native tissue structures, including biophysical and biochemical signaling cues that promote the regeneration of functional skeletal muscle. Various biofabrication strategies have been developed to create engineered skeletal muscle constructs that mimic native matrix and cellular microenvironments to enhance muscle regeneration; however, there remains a need to create scalable engineered tissues that provide mechanical stability as well as structural and spatiotemporal signaling cues to promote cell-mediated regeneration of contractile skeletal muscle. We describe a novel strategy for bioprinting multifunctional myoblast-loaded fibrin microthreads (myothreads) that recapitulate the cellular microniches to drive myogenesis and aligned myotube formation. We characterized myoblast alignment, myotube formation, and tensile properties of myothreads as a function of cell-loading density and culture time. We showed that increasing myoblast loading densities enhances myotube formation. Additionally, alignment analyses indicate that the bioprinting process confers myoblast alignment in the constructs. Finally, tensile characterizations suggest that myothreads possess the structural stability to serve as a potential platform for developing scalable muscle scaffolds. We anticipate that our myothread biofabrication approach will enable us to strategically investigate biophysical and biochemical signaling cues and cellular mechanisms that enhance functional skeletal muscle regeneration for the treatment of VML.
Handlebar Width Choices Must Be Considered for Female Cyclists
Authors: Lin Zi-Jun , Tsai Pei-Chen , Chen Chia-Hsiang
Published: January 2025

Background: The effects of handlebar width on female cyclists are understudied; therefore, it is necessary to find an optimal handlebar width for women based on anatomical features. Methods: Ten healthy women participants whose muscle activity and movements were measured using four kinds of handlebar widths were observed using EMG and 3D motion analysis systems. Participants cycled at a constant cadence and power output using different handlebar widths in a counterbalanced order. The kinematic results and muscle activation, as a consequence of using different handlebar widths, were compared using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: It was discovered that using a medium-width handlebar not only resulted in significantly lower bicep activation compared to narrow and self-selected widths, but also resulted in less triceps and latissimus dorsi activation compared to the self-selected width. Regarding kinematics, using a medium-width handlebar significantly reduced hip ROM, while using a narrow handlebar led to greater hip adduction. Conclusions: Cyclists are advised to use a handlebar width that matches their shoulder width, since this may avoid muscle fatigue while also allowing for better hip posture. However, commercial models are usually wider than female shoulders. Thus, these results provide insights useful for future handlebar design.
Exploring the Relationship Between Residential Perceptions and Satisfaction: A Demographic Analysis in Wuhan, China
Authors: Hong Mengyao , Li Hongrui , Wei Wei , Chao Jialing , Xia Junnan
Published: January 2025

Previous research has shown that residents’ perceptions significantly influence their residential satisfaction. However, the internal relationships within these perceptions and their impact on satisfaction across different demographic groups remain underexplored. This study, guided by Maslow’s hierarchy and Homo-urbanicus, categorizes residents’ perceptions into four dimensions: safety, convenience, comfort, and aesthetics. Using multi-group structural equation modeling, an empirical investigation was conducted in Wuhan, China. The findings indicate that perceptions of safety, convenience, comfort, and aesthetics exert a chained mediating effect on satisfaction, with the impact pathway being safety → convenience → comfort → aesthetics → satisfaction. Both convenience and comfort also directly influence satisfaction. Notably, perception pathways vary among different demographic groups: women are more influenced by perceptions, younger individuals prioritize convenience and aesthetics, and older adults emphasize safety and comfort. This study highlights demographic differences in perception and satisfaction levels, offering insights into the hierarchical relationships among resident perceptions and their impact pathways on satisfaction. This research suggests enhancing residential satisfaction by optimizing these perceptions, particularly for vulnerable groups. Policy implications include improving human settlement elements at the residential area level, incorporating cultural and innovative elements, and expanding public participation in communities.
Toward a Methodology of Spatial Neighborhood Evaluation to Uncover the “Invisible Spaces” in Neighborhoods Built Through State Initiatives Between 1945 and 1980
Authors: Shadar Hadas , Shach-Pinsly Dalit
Published: January 2025

This article examines the ideological and spatial characteristics of neighborhoods built through the initiative of various states, particularly in Europe, in the post-World War II years, from 1945 to 1980. We argue that despite these neighborhoods being older and subject to economic, professional, and ideological criticism, they feature beneficial physical spaces that came to light, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. These spaces provided opportunities for well-being, relaxation, and community building during times of lockdown and restricted human movement in the built environment. However, residents discovered these spaces, which we term here as “invisible spaces”, through a bottom-up process, and these spaces remain largely unknown to planners or other external stakeholders. In this article, we detail the ideological, economic, and professional approaches that informed the initial planning of these neighborhoods, the contemporary criticisms they face, and the methodology for objectively and comprehensively assessing the quality of their spaces to uncover the “invisible spaces”. We argue that examining urban location, human spatial diversity, intra-neighborhood visibility, and walkability can provide insights into the neighborhood’s qualities and human activity within it, particularly revealing the potential for the emergence of these beneficial “invisible spaces”.
The Assessment of Natural Biomineral Leonardite on Growth and Pigmentation of Goldfish, Carassius auratus
Authors: Şahin Dilek , Öz Meryem , Öz Ünal
Published: January 2025

In this study, the impact of leonardite as a feed additive in goldfish diets was examined, focusing on its potential to positively influence feed and water parameters, which are critical for achieving sustainable ornamental fish farming. In this study, goldfish were fed diets containing four different levels of leonardite (0%, 2%, 6%, 10%). The experiment was conducted in 12 tanks with 3 replicates per treatment and lasted for 3 months. The fish, which were provided from the Research, Production and Training Institute, with an average live weight of 0.947 ± 0.03 g and an average length of 1.12 ± 0.02 cm, were used. After 90 days, it was observed that the specific growth rates increased in correlation with the amount of leonardite in the diet, with a statistically significant difference identified (p < 0.05). In this study, which investigated the coloration of fish with leonardite added to the feed for the first time, it was determined that the color of the fish approached from yellow to orange as the amount of leonardite added to the feed increased (p < 0.05). Given the positive effects observed on pigmentation and growth in this study, it is recommended that further detailed investigations be conducted on leonardite, a natural, harmless, and cost-effective additive, using different fish species.
Effect of Hardness Distribution on Strength of Narrow-Gap Hot-Wire Laser-Welded Joint for High-Tensile Strength Steel
Authors: Greebmalai Jukkapun , Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Marumoto Keita , Yamamoto Motomichi
Published: January 2025

Application of high-heat input welding on high-tensile strength steels causes deterioration of mechanical properties of the welded joint, due to softening and grain coarsening in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In this study, low-heat input narrow-gap hot-wire laser welding was applied to 12 mm thick 780 MPa-class high-tensile strength steel plate. Conditions were optimized based on microstructural observations of joints produced at various welding speeds. Heat input was estimated from measured grain size. Evaluation of properties of joints welded at 0.5 m/min revealed sound toughness, tensile strength, and elongation. The effect of undermatched weld metal width on joint strength was analyzed using a finite element method. When the width of undermatched weld metal was 2.5 mm, the joint strength was 99% of the base metal strength; when it was 7.5 mm, the strength dropped to 95%. The effect of HAZ softening width on joint strength with even-matched weld metals was similarly analyzed, showing that even when the HAZ softening width was 2.0 mm, the joint strength was 98% of the base metal strength. The results of this study suggest that narrow-gap hot-wire laser welding can efficiently reduce heat input and the HAZ softening zone, thereby achieving both high strength and high toughness.
A Manufacturing Technique for Binary Clathrate Hydrates for Cold and Very Cold Neutron Production
Authors: Czamler Valentin , Desmedt Arnaud , Hansen Thomas C. , Wagner Richard , Zimmer Oliver
Published: January 2025

Intense sources of very cold neutrons (VCNs) would be beneficial for various neutron scattering techniques and low-energy particle physics experiments. Binary clathrate hydrates hosting deuterated tetrahydrofuran (THF-d) and dioxygen show promise as potential moderators for such sources due to a rich spectrum of localized low-energy excitations of the encaged guest molecules. In this article, we present a reliable manufacturing technique for such hydrates. Neutron diffraction data confirm their clathrate structure as type II (CS-II), determine their purity, and cage occupancy. Furthermore, we present data on the thermal expansivity of THF-d– and THF-d–O2clathrates, drawing attention to them as an interesting case study for the complex structure and dynamics of this class of material.
Stage-Based Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Bearings Using GNN and Correlation-Driven Feature Extraction
Authors: Huang Guangzhong , Lei Wenping , Dong Xinmin , Zou Dongliang , Chen Shijin , Dong Xing
Published: January 2025

Bearings are critical components in mechanical systems, and their degradation process typically exhibits distinct stages, making stage-based remaining useful life (RUL) prediction highly valuable. This paper presents a model that combines correlation analysis feature extraction with a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based approach for bearing degradation stage classification and RUL prediction, aiming to achieve accurate bearing life prediction. First, the proposed Pearson–Spearman correlation metric, along with Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) and autoencoders, is used to group and fuse health indicators (HIs), thereby obtaining a health indicator (HI) that effectively reflects the bearing degradation process. Then, a model combining Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks is proposed for bearing degradation stage classification. Based on the classification results, the Adaptive Attention GraphSAGE–LSTM (AAGL) model, also introduced in this study, is employed to precisely predict the bearing’s remaining useful life.
Error Correction for Check Digit Systems over p-Groups and Applications to DNA Sequences
Authors: Beaugris Louis
Published: January 2025

Statistical analysis shows that the most common errors in the transmission of information consist of single errors and transposition errors. Error detection and correction methods are often desired, particularly when the accuracy of information is of crucial importance. Inspired by a check digit system constructed from the companion matrix of a primitive polynomial over the integers Zp and that focused on error detection, this work develops error-correction formulas for single errors and transposition errors for that check digit scheme. We also propose an application to DNA sequences.
The Cyclically Resolvable Steiner Triple Systems of Order 57
Authors: Topalova Svetlana , Zhelezova Stela
Published: January 2025

A resolution of a Steiner triple system of order v (STS(v)) is point-cyclic if it has an automorphism permuting the points in one cycle. An STS(v) is cyclically resolvable if it has at least one point-cyclic resolution. Cyclically resolvable STS(v)s have important applications in Coding Theory. They have been classified up to v=45 and before the present work v=57 was the first open case. There are 2,353,310 cyclic STS(57)s. We establish that 155,966 of them are cyclically resolvable yielding 3,638,984 point-cyclic resolutions which we classify with respect to their automorphism groups and to the availability of some configurations.
Investigating Past, Present, and Future Trends on Interface Between Marine and Medical Research and Development: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Zamani Mehdi , Melnychuk Tetyana , Eisenhauer Anton , Gäbler Ralph , Schultz Carsten
Published: January 2025

The convergence of marine sciences and medical studies has the potential for substantial advances in healthcare. This study uses bibliometric and topic modeling studies to map the progression of research themes from 2000 to 2023, with an emphasis on the interdisciplinary subject of marine and medical sciences. Building on the global publication output at the interface between marine and medical sciences and using the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process, we discovered dominating research topics during three periods, emphasizing shifts in research focus and development trends. Our data show a significant rise in publication output, indicating a growing interest in using marine bioresources for medical applications. The paper identifies two main areas of active research, “natural product biochemistry” and “trace substance and genetics”, both with great therapeutic potential. We used social network analysis to map the collaborative networks and identify the prominent scholars and institutions driving this research and development progress. Our study indicates important paths for research policy and R&D management operating at the crossroads of healthcare innovation and marine sciences. It also underscores the significance of quantitative foresight methods and interdisciplinary teams in identifying and interpreting future scientific convergences and breakthroughs.
Resonant Tunneling Nanostructures: Eliminating Current Saturation on Negative Differential Conductivity Region in Compact Dissipative Simulations
Authors: Vetrova Natalia , Kuimov Evgeny , Meshkov Sergey , Sinyakin Vladimir , Makeev Mstislav , Shashurin Vasiliy
Published: January 2025

A solution to the problem of resonant tunneling current saturation is proposed. This problem does not allow, within the traditional compact models, a correct qualitative and quantitative analysis to be carried out of the volt-ampere characteristics of double-barrier heterostructures. The reason for this problem is the asymptotic behavior of the function describing the structure transparency, so a non-saturating compact model was proposed to solve the problem of current transfer analysis in the region of negative differential conductivity. Validation of the proposed model confirmed its adequacy without losing the ability to analyze current transfer processes. This makes the developed compact model effective for simulating the operation of a wide range of devices with a resonant tunneling diode as a nonlinear element, regardless of the position of the operating point.
Dormant Tumor Cells: Current Opportunities and Challenges in Clinical Practice
Authors: Boydell Emma , Borgeaud Maxime , Tsantoulis Petros
Published: January 2025

Tumor dormancy plays a pivotal role in cancer relapse. Dormant tumor cells have been identified in distant sites, even in early-stage tumors, and are associated with worse outcomes. This review explores the current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind tumor dormancy, including the role of the immune system and the microenvironment. Targeting dormant tumor cells could be a therapeutic strategy to offer long-term remission and potentially cure cancer. Unfortunately, the translation of this knowledge in clinical practice is lacking. We assess the feasibility of detecting and measuring dormant tumor cells in clinical practice, and give an overview of potential therapeutic targets, both in terms of maintaining tumor cells in a dormant state, and in terms of eradicating this tumor population.
Genomic Insight into Vibrio Isolates from Fresh Raw Mussels and Ready-to-Eat Stuffed Mussels
Authors: Yibar Artun , Duman Muhammed , Ay Hilal , Ajmi Nihed , Tasci Gorkem , Gurler Fatma , Guler Sabire , Morick Danny , Saticioglu Izzet Burcin
Published: January 2025

Consuming raw or undercooked mussels can lead to gastroenteritis and septicemia due to Vibrio contamination. This study analyzed the prevalence, density, species diversity, and molecular traits of Vibrio spp. in 48 fresh raw wild mussels (FRMs) and 48 ready-to-eat stuffed mussels (RTE-SMs) through genome analysis, assessing health risks. The results showed Vibrio prevalence rates of 12.5% in FRMs and 4.2% in RTE-SMs, with V. alginolyticus as the most common species (46.7%). It was determined that the seasonal distribution of Vibrio spp. prevalence in the samples was higher in the summer months. The genome sizes of the Vibrio spp. ranged from approximately 3.9 to 6.1 Mb, with the GC contents varying between 41.9% and 50.4%. A total of 22 virulence factor (VF) classes and up to six antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were detected in different Vibrio species. The presence of nine different biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), 27 prophage regions, and eight CRISPR/Cas systems in 15 Vibrio strains provides information about their potential pathogenicity, survival strategies, and adaptation to different habitats. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the genomic diversity of Vibrio spp. isolated from FRM and RTE-SM samples, shedding light on the prevalence, pathogenicity, and toxicity mechanisms of Vibrio-induced gastroenteritis.
Formulation Design of Orally Disintegrating Film Using Two Cellulose Derivatives as a Blend Polymer
Authors: Takeuchi Yoshiko , Hayakawa Fumika , Takeuchi Hirofumi
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Orally disintegrating film (ODF) is prepared using water-soluble polymers as film-forming agents. To improve mechanical and disintegration properties, some polymers need to be blended with others. This study aimed to investigate the utility of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as blend film-forming components for ODFs. Methods: Placebo ODFs were prepared using polymer mixtures with blend ratios ranging from 20% to 80% HPC with HPMC. Mechanical properties, including tensile strength, elastic modulus, elongation at break, and folding endurance, as well as disintegration times, were evaluated. Additionally, blend films incorporating donepezil hydrochloride (DH) as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) were prepared and assessed to determine their mechanical properties and disintegration behavior. Results: Blend films were successfully formed using HPMC/HPC solutions. The 40/60 and 20/80 HPMC/HPC blends exhibited the lowest mechanical strength and elongation, whereas blends containing more than 40% HPC demonstrated shorter disintegration times. Films with DH were successfully formed, though the addition of DH reduced tensile strength and elongation. The decline in mechanical properties was mitigated in HPMC/HPC blend films. Our results, including DSC and FTIR results, led us to conclude that the HPMC/HPC blend films were micro-immiscible, but they were macro-miscible when the amount of the minor component was sufficiently small. Conclusions: HPMC/HPC blends in appropriate ratios are effective as film-forming polymers for ODFs. The addition of DH impacts the mechanical properties, but the decline is less pronounced when using HPMC/HPC blends.
Using Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping and Genomic Resources to Improve Breeding Precision in Peaches: Current Insights and Future Prospects
Authors: Hayat Umar , Ke Cao , Wang Lirong , Zhu Gengrui , Fang Weichao , Wang Xinwei , Chen Changwen , Li Yong , Wu Jinlong
Published: January 2025

Modern breeding technologies and the development of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping have brought about a new era in peach breeding. This study examines the complex genetic structure that underlies the morphology of peach fruits, paying special attention to the interaction between genome editing, genomic selection, and marker-assisted selection. Breeders now have access to precise tools that enhance crop resilience, productivity, and quality, facilitated by QTL mapping, which has significantly advanced our understanding of the genetic determinants underlying essential traits such as fruit shape, size, and firmness. New technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 and genomic selection enable the development of cultivars that can withstand climate change and satisfy consumer demands with unprecedented precision in trait modification. Genotype–environment interactions remain a critical challenge for modern breeding efforts, which can be addressed through high-throughput phenotyping and multi-environment trials. This work shows how combining genome-wide association studies and machine learning can improve the synthesis of multi-omics data and result in faster breeding cycles while preserving genetic diversity. This study outlines a roadmap that prioritizes the development of superior cultivars utilizing cutting-edge methods and technologies in order to address evolving agricultural and environmental challenges.
Brassinosteroids Render Cell Walls Softer but Less Extensible in Growing Arabidopsis Hypocotyls
Authors: Suslov Dmitry V. , Ivanova Alexandra N. , Balcerowicz Daria , Tarasova Mariia S. , Koteyeva Nuria K. , Vissenberg Kris
Published: January 2025

Cell wall extensibility is a key biophysical characteristic that defines the rate of plant cell growth. It depends on the wall structure and is controlled by numerous proteins that cut and/or (re)form links between the wall constituents. Cell wall extensibility is currently estimated by different in vitro biomechanical tests. We used the creep method, in which isolated cell walls are extended under a constant load and their time-dependent deformation (creep) is recorded to reveal the biophysical basis of growth inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls in the presence of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL), one of the most active natural brassinosteroids. We found that EBL rendered the walls of hypocotyl cells softer, i.e., more deformable under mechanical force, which was revealed using heat-inactivated cell walls to eliminate endogenous activities of cell-wall-loosening/tightening proteins. This effect was caused by the altered arrangement of cellulose microfibrils. At the same time, EBL made the walls less extensible, which was detected with native walls under conditions optimized for activities of endogenous cell-wall-loosening proteins. These apparently conflicting changes in the wall mechanics can be an adaptation by which EBL enables plant cells to grow under stress conditions.
Physical-Chemical Characterization of Fruit Harvested at Different Maturity Stages of Grafted Yellow Pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw.)
Authors: Sanmiguel Jessica , Andrade Valdemar , Vargas-Tierras Yadira , Samaniego Iván , Paredes-Arcos Fernando , Vásquez-Castillo Wilson , Viera-Arroyo William
Published: January 2025

The physicochemical properties of fruits at different maturity stages using grafting technology are of great importance since grafting can alter the nutritional and functional parameters of the fruit. In this study, grafted yellow pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw.) fruit, grown on live tutors, was evaluated from stages 0 to 5. The following response variables were recorded: fruit weight, diameter, and length; pulp weight with seed and peel; color; firmness; total soluble solids content; titratable acidity; pH; total flavonoid content; total polyphenol content; and antioxidant activity determined using FRAP and ABTS. The results show that fruits harvested from grafted plants have better physical characteristics such as fruit weight, diameter, and length. However, the total soluble solids content and titratable acidity were similar in fruits from grafted and ungrafted plants. The highest content of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity determined by ABTS and FRAP were found in fruits at maturity stage 0, and the content decreased as the fruits ripened. A positive correlation was found between the total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity with protein content. The S. megalanthus grafting technique is a promising technology for sustainable production because it reduces pesticide use by combatting soil pathogens and not modifying fruit quality.
Influence Mechanism of Ferrite Foreign Object on Wireless Power Transmission System
Authors: Liu Suqi , Yan Xueying , Xu Guiqiang , Liu Yuping
Published: January 2025

In recent years, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has entered the application stage. However, the inevitable presence of foreign objects (FO) in the magnetic coupling area during the operation of WPT systems, especially ferrite FO, may result in system detuning and safety incidents. To address this issue, this paper studies the mechanism by which the ferrite FO affects the WPT systems, providing a foundation for the future development of an FO detection device. Using a series–series topology WPT system as an example, a loop model incorporating ferrite FO is first developed to analyze the impact on the output power (OP) and transmission efficiency (TE) when the ferrite FO enters the magnetic coupling area. A 3D electromagnetic field simulation model of the magnetic coupling mechanism is then developed using finite element simulation software to study the impacts of FO of different sizes and positions within the magnetic coupling area on the WPT system. Finally, an experimental platform is constructed for experimental analysis and validation. An approach to detect the ferrite FO is provided by measuring the input power (IP) and TE. The WPT system is protected immediately by shuting down the transmitter if IP and TE sharply change over 15% in a few seconds.