bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibitors of Rho/MRTF/SRF Transcription Pathway Regulate Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Patyal Pankaj , Zhang Xiaomin , Verma Ambika , Azhar Gohar , Wei Jeanne Y.
Published: February 2024

RhoA-regulated gene transcription by serum response factor (SRF) and its transcriptional cofactor myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) signaling pathway has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention in multiple diseases. Altered mitochondrial metabolism is one of the major hallmarks of cancer, therefore, this upregulation is a vulnerability that can be targeted with Rho/MRTF/SRF inhibitors. Recent advances identified a novel series of oxadiazole-thioether compounds that disrupt the SRF transcription, however, the direct molecular target of these compounds is unclear. Herein, we demonstrate the Rho/MRTF/SRF inhibition mechanism of CCG-203971 and CCG-232601 in normal cell lines of human lung fibroblasts and mouse myoblasts. Further studies investigated the role of these molecules in targeting mitochondrial function. We have shown that these molecules hyperacetylate histone H4K12 and H4K16 and regulate the genes involved in mitochondrial function and dynamics. These small molecule inhibitors regulate mitochondrial function as a compensatory mechanism by repressing oxidative phosphorylation and increasing glycolysis. Our data suggest that these CCG molecules are effective in inhibiting all the complexes of mitochondrial electron transport chains and further inducing oxidative stress. Therefore, our present findings highlight the therapeutic potential of CCG-203971 and CCG-232601, which may prove to be a promising approach to target aberrant bioenergetics.
The Associations between Lifestyle Habits and Anxiety: A Prospective Study on Adolescents One Year after the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pedrini Laura , Meloni Serena , Dawson Julia , Geviti Andrea , Bonfiglio Natale Salvatore , Cattaneo Anna , Rossi Roberta
Published: February 2024

Changes in lifestyle during the pandemic may have predisposed adolescents to vulnerability to poor mental health. This study aims to evaluate these changes and their association with the course of anxiety. A prospective study was conducted with 153 participants (16 years old, 72% female) who were assessed before the pandemic (T0, November 2019–January 2020) and one year later (T1, April–May 2021). Lifestyle habits (free-time activities, maladaptive behaviors, sleep, screen use) and anxiety were measured. Data concerning experiences related to COVID-19 and family relations during lockdown were collected. A worsening in lifestyle habits and anxiety was found. Of note, the pattern of associations between lifestyle habits and anxiety was quite different in the two time-points, suggesting that the purpose and the impact of some habits may be changed after the pandemic. Regression analyses showed that increases in anxiety were associated with increases in sleep problems, heightened efforts to reduce screen time, and loneliness. Pathway analysis revealed the absence of cross-lagged effects among anxiety, screen use, and sleep, while concurrent associations between variables were found in both the assessments. These results suggest possible long-term effects of the pandemic. Risk-factors associated with the course of anxiety were identified among lifestyle habits, thus contributing to identifying targets for interventions.
The Silent Epidemic—Chronic Pain and Palliative Care Needs in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Zernikow Boris
Published: February 2024

As the Section Editor-in-Chief, it is my pleasure to introduce the new section of Children dedicated to pediatric pain and palliative care [...]
Navigating the Diagnostic Journey in Pediatric Gastroenterology: Decoding Recurrent Vomiting and Epigastric Pain in a Child with Glutaric Aciduria Type II
Authors: Kek Ho-Poh , Tsai Wan-Long , Chiu Pao-Chin , Koh Wen-Harn , Tsai Ching-Chung
Published: February 2024

Background: Glutaric aciduria type II (GA II), also known as multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with varied manifestations and onset ages. Case Report: This study presents a distinctive case of a 10-year-old girl who experienced episodic, intermittent vomiting and epigastric pain, particularly aggravated by high-fat and sweet foods. Despite inconclusive physical examinations and routine laboratory tests, and an initial suspicion of cyclic vomiting syndrome, the persistence of recurrent symptoms and metabolic abnormalities (metabolic acidosis and hypoglycemia) during her third hospital admission necessitated further investigation. Advanced diagnostic tests, including urinary organic acid analysis and genetic testing, identified heterozygous pathogenic variants in the ETFDH gene, confirming a diagnosis of GA IIc. The patient showed a positive response to a custom low-protein, low-fat diet supplemented with carnitine and riboflavin. Significance: This case emphasizes the diagnostic challenges associated with recurrent, nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric patients, particularly in differentiating between common gastrointestinal disorders and rare metabolic disorders like GA II. It highlights the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis to enhance understanding and guide future medical approaches in similar cases.
Explosive Cyclone Impact on the Power Distribution Grid in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Sondermann Marcely , Chou Sin Chan , Martins Renata Genova , Amaro Lucas Costa , Gomes Rafael de Oliveira
Published: February 2024

Southern Brazil is a region strongly influenced by the occurrence of extratropical cyclones. Some of them go through a rapid and intense deepening and are known as explosive cyclones. These cyclones are associated with severe weather conditions such as heavy rainfall, strong winds, and lightning, leading to various natural disasters and causing socioeconomic losses. This study investigated the interaction between atmospheric and oceanic conditions that contributed to the rapid intensification of the cyclone that occurred near the coast of South Brazil from 29 June to 3 July 2020, causing significant havoc. Hourly atmospheric and oceanic data from the ERA5 reanalysis were employed in this analysis. The results showed that warm air and moisture transportation were key contributors to these phenomena. In addition, the interaction between the jet stream and the cyclone’s movement played a crucial role in cyclone formation and intensification. Positive sea surface temperature anomalies also fueled the cyclone’s intensification. These anomalies increased the surface heat fluxes, making the atmosphere more unstable and promoting a strong upward motion. Due to the strong winds and the heavy rainfall, the explosive cyclone caused substantial impacts on the power services, resulting in widespread power outages, damaged infrastructure, and interruptions in energy distribution. This work describes in detail the cyclone development and intensification and aims at the understanding of these storms, which is crucial for minimizing their aftermaths, especially on energy distribution.
The Role of Adjuvant Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Kolářová Iveta , Melichar Bohuslav , Sirák Igor , Vaňásek Jaroslav , Petera Jiří , Horáčková Kateřina , Pohanková Denisa , Ďatelinka Filip , Šinkorová Zuzana , Vošmik Milan
Published: February 2024

The role of postmastectomy radiotherapy and regional nodal irradiation after radical mastectomy is defined in high-risk patients with locally advanced tumors, positive margins, and unfavorable biology. The benefit of postmastectomy radiotherapy in intermediate-risk patients (T3N0 tumors) remains a matter of controversy. It has been demonstrated that radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery lowers the locoregional recurrence rate compared with surgery alone and improves the overall survival rate. In patients with four or more positive lymph nodes or extracapsular extension, regional lymph node irradiation is indicated regardless of the surgery type (breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy). Despite the consensus that patients with more than three positive lymph nodes should be treated with radiotherapy, there is controversy regarding the recommendations for patients with one to three involved lymph nodes. In patients with N0 disease with negative findings on axillary surgery, there is a trend to administer regional lymph node irradiation in patients with a high risk of recurrence. In patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy and mastectomy, adjuvant radiotherapy should be administered in cases of clinical stage III and/or ≥ypN1. In patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy and breast-conserving surgery, postoperative radiotherapy is indicated irrespective of pathological response.
Colorectal Cancer Patients’ Reported Frequency, Content, and Satisfaction with Advance Care Planning Discussions
Authors: Hussein Said , Lim Chloe Ahryung , Manokaran Thulasie , Kassam Shireen , Earp Madalene , Tang Patricia A. , Karim Safiya , Biondo Patricia , Watanabe Sharon M. , Sinnarajah Aynharan , Tan Amy , Simon Jessica
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: This observational cohort study describes the frequency, content, and satisfaction with advance care planning (ACP) conversations with healthcare providers (HCPs), as reported by patients with advanced colorectal cancer. (2) Methods: The patients were recruited from two tertiary cancer centers in Alberta, Canada. Using the My Conversations survey with previously validated questions, the patients were asked about specific ACP elements discussed, with which HCPs these elements were discussed, their satisfaction with these conversations, and whether they had a goals of care designation (GCD) order. We surveyed and analyzed data from the following four time points: enrollment, months 1, 2, and 3. (3) Results: In total, 131 patients were recruited. At enrollment, 24% of patients reported discussing at least one ACP topic. From enrollment to month 3, patients reported a high frequency of discussions (80.2% discussed fears, 71.0% discussed prognosis, 54.2% discussed treatment preferences at least once); however, only 44.3% of patients reported discussing what is important to them in considering health care preferences. Patients reported having ACP conversations most often with their oncologists (84.7%) and cancer clinic nurses (61.8%). Patients reported a high level of satisfaction with their ACP conversations, with over 80% of patients reported feeling heard and understood. From enrollment to month 3, there was an increase in the number of patients with a GCD order from 53% to 74%. (4) Conclusions: Patients reported more frequent conversations compared to the literature and clinical documentation. While the satisfaction with these conversations is high, there is room for quality improvement, particularly in eliciting patients’ personal goals for their treatment.
A Highly Sensitive XNA-Based RT-qPCR Assay for the Identification of ALK, RET, and ROS1 Fusions in Lung Cancer
Authors: Lee Bongyong , Chern Andrew , Fu Andrew Y. , Zhang Aiguo , Sha Michael Y.
Published: February 2024

Lung cancer is often triggered by genetic alterations that result in the expression of oncogenic tyrosine kinases. Specifically, ALK, RET, and ROS1 chimeric receptor tyrosine kinases are observed in approximately 5–7%, 1–2%, and 1–2% of NSCLC patients, respectively. The presence of these fusion genes determines the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Thus, accurate detection of these gene fusions is essential in cancer research and precision oncology. To address this need, we have developed a multiplexed RT-qPCR assay using xeno nucleic acid (XNA) molecular clamping technology to detect lung cancer fusions. This assay can quantitatively detect thirteen ALK, seven ROS1, and seven RET gene fusions in FFPE samples. The sensitivity of the assay was established at a limit of detection of 50 copies of the synthetic template. Our assay has successfully identified all fusion transcripts using 50 ng of RNA from both reference FFPE samples and cell lines. After validation, a total of 77 lung cancer patient FFPE samples were tested, demonstrating the effectiveness of the XNA-based fusion gene assay with clinical samples. Importantly, this assay is adaptable to highly degraded RNA samples with low input amounts. Future steps involve expanding the testing to include a broader range of clinical samples as well as cell-free RNAs to further validate its applicability and reliability.
Retinal Function in Long-Term Type 1 Diabetes without Retinopathy: Insights from Pattern Electroretinogram and Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials Assessments
Authors: Arias-Alvarez Marta , Sopeña-Pinilla Maria , Fernandez-Espinosa Guisela , Orduna-Hospital Elvira , Vicente-Garza Ines , Bonet-Rodriguez Anna , Acha-Perez Javier , Rodriguez-Mena Diego , Pinilla Isabel
Published: February 2024

Background: To evaluate changes in pattern electroretinogram (pERG) and pattern visual evoked potentials (pVEP) in patients with long-lasting type 1 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: Prospective study involving 92 eyes divided into two groups. The diabetic group included 46 eyes of 23 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM); the control group included 23 age-matched healthy subjects. pERG and pVEP were assessed using the RETI-port/scan21 recording software (version 1021.3.0.0). Results: Mean age was 48 ± 9.77 years for the diabetic group and 51.7 ± 4.75 years for the control group. The mean duration of diabetes was 28.88 ± 8.04 years. The mean HbA1c value was 7.29 ± 0.89%. There were no differences in the age or sex distribution. Regarding the pERG, T1DM patients exhibited a significant decrease in the amplitude of the P50 and N95 waves compared to the control group (p = 0.018 and p = 0.035, respectively), with no differences in the peak time of each component. pVEP showed no significant changes in either peak time or amplitude of the different components. Conclusions: Long-term T1DM patients without DR showed changes in the amplitude of pERG waves with preserved peak times. We did not observe modifications in pVEP. pERG may serve as a subclinical marker of ganglion cell damage in long-term T1DM patients.
Long-Term HBsAg Titer Kinetics with Entecavir/Tenofovir: Implications for Predicting Functional Cure and Low Levels
Authors: Lee Soon Kyu , Nam Soon Woo , Jang Jeong Won , Kwon Jung Hyun
Published: February 2024

The long-term kinetics of quantitative HBsAg levels in HBV-infected patients treated with entecavir or tenofovir, as well as the role of quantitative HBsAg in predicting functional cure (HBsAg loss) and low HBsAg levels (<2 log IU/mL) remain unclear. Of some 1661 consecutively enrolled patients newly treated with entecavir or tenofovir, we analyzed 852 patients who underwent serial HBsAg level checks every 6–12 months. The primary outcomes included long-term kinetics in HBsAg levels and the rate of functional cure and achieving low HBsAg levels. Over a mean 6.3-year follow-up, the functional cure rate was 2.28% (n = 19), and 12.9% (n = 108) achieved low HBsAg levels. A significant HBsAg level reduction was seen in the first treatment year (p < 0.05), with another stepwise decrease between year 6–7. These trends were pronounced in patients with chronic hepatitis and HBeAg-positivity compared to those with cirrhosis and HBeAg-negativity, respectively. Baseline HBsAg of ≤3 log IU/mL and the first-year HBsAg reduction were key predictors for both functional cure and low HBsAg levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings elucidate the stepwise reduction in quantitative HBsAg dynamics during high-potency NA therapy (entecavir or tenofovir) along with variations based on different conditions. We also underscore the significance of quantitative HBsAg titer in predicting functional cure and low-HBsAg levels.
STSN-Net: Simultaneous Tooth Segmentation and Numbering Method in Crowded Environments with Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Liang Shuang , Chang Qiao , Zhang Li , Gong Beiwen , Bai Yuxing , Zuo Feifei , Wang Yajie , Xie Xianju , Gu Yu
Published: February 2024

Accurate tooth segmentation and numbering are the cornerstones of efficient automatic dental diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, a multitask learning architecture has been proposed for accurate tooth segmentation and numbering in panoramic X-ray images. A graph convolution network was applied for the automatic annotation of the target region, a modified convolutional neural network-based detection subnetwork (DSN) was used for tooth recognition and boundary regression, and an effective region segmentation subnetwork (RSSN) was used for region segmentation. The features extracted using RSSN and DSN were fused to optimize the quality of boundary regression, which provided impressive results for multiple evaluation metrics. Specifically, the proposed framework achieved a top F1 score of 0.9849, a top Dice metric score of 0.9629, and an mAP (IOU = 0.5) score of 0.9810. This framework holds great promise for enhancing the clinical efficiency of dentists in tooth segmentation and numbering tasks.
Mandibular Endochondral Growth Is Specifically Augmented by Nutritional Supplementation with Myo-Inositol Even in Rabbits
Authors: Shimoyama Miho , Kanzaki Hiroyuki , Tohyama Syunnosuke , Ida Tomomi , Ishikawa Misao , Katsumata Yuta , Arai Chihiro , Wada Satoshi , Manase Shugo , Tomonari Hiroshi
Published: February 2024

Mandibular retrognathism occurs by insufficient mandibular growth and causes several issues, such as respiratory difficulty and diminished masticatory function. At present, functional orthodontic appliances are used for stimulating mandibular growth in pediatric cases. However, the effectiveness of functional appliances is not always stable in daily practices. A more effective, reliable, and safer therapeutic method for mandibular growth promotion would be helpful for growing mandibular retrognathism patients. As we previously discovered that nutritional supplementation of myo-inositol in growing mice specifically increases mandibular endochondral growth, we performed preclinical animal experiments in rabbits in this study. Briefly, six-week-old male Japanese white rabbits were fed with or without myo-inositol supplementation in laboratory chow until 25 weeks old, and 3D image analysis using micro CT data and histological examinations was done. Myo-inositol had no systemic effect, such as femur length, though myo-inositol specifically augmented the mandibular growth. Myo-inositol increased the thickness of mandibular condylar cartilage. We discovered that the nutritional supplementation of myo-inositol during the growth period specifically augmented mandibular growth without any systemic influence, even in rabbits. Our results suggest the possibility of clinical use of myo-inositol for augmentation of the mandibular growth in growing mandibular retrognathism patients in the future.
Are There Conditions That Can Predict When an M&A Works? The Case of Italian Listed Banks
Authors: Arbolino Roberta , Boffardi Raffaele , Kounetas Konstantinos , Marani Ugo , Napolitano Oreste
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the impact in the short/medium term of M&As made by 14 Italian banks quoted on the stock exchange for the period 1999–2016. After dividing the banks into two groups by size and degree of internationalisation, we sought to ascertain whether different initial conditions produce different final effects. Based on three assumptions, supported by three separate econometric approaches, our empirical analysis shows that the stronger banks increased their competitiveness while the weaker banks did not achieve the same results since they were motivated to grow “by desperation”.
“Romeo and Juliet: A Love out of the Shell”: Using Storytelling to Address Students’ Misconceptions and Promote Modeling Competencies in Science
Authors: Aquilina Ginevra , Dello Iacono Umberto , Gabelli Lucia , Picariello Luca , Scettri Giacomo , Termini Giulia
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we present the design of a Teaching—Learning Sequence (TLS) based on storytelling. The TLS has a twofold goal: to address students’ misconceptions about atomic models and to promote students’ development of modeling skills. The story is titled “Romeo and Juliet: a love out of the shell”, and the characters are electrons living inside an atom. The TLS was tested with upper secondary school students. A qualitative analysis of the data shows that the TLS was able to engage students and helped them reconstruct the atomic model, while the story improved students’ understanding of specific concepts related to the atomic model. The use of storytelling in the context of our research is discussed, together with the limitations of the story and possible future research developments.
Efficient Vision Transformer YOLOv5 for Accurate and Fast Traffic Sign Detection
Authors: Zeng Guang , Wu Zhizhou , Xu Lipeng , Liang Yunyi
Published: February 2024

Accurate and fast detection of traffic sign information is vital for autonomous driving systems. However, the YOLOv5 algorithm faces challenges with low accuracy and slow detection when it is used for traffic sign detection. To address these shortcomings, this paper introduces an accurate and fast traffic sign detection algorithm–YOLOv5-Efficient Vision TransFormer(EfficientViT)). The algorithm focuses on improving both the accuracy and speed of the model by replacing the CSPDarknet backbone of the YOLOv5(s) model with the EfficientViT network. Additionally, the algorithm incorporates the Convolutional Block Attention Module(CBAM) attention mechanism to enhance feature layer information extraction and boost the accuracy of the detection algorithm. To mitigate the adverse effects of low-quality labels on gradient generation and enhance the competitiveness of high-quality anchor frames, a superior gradient gain allocation strategy is employed. Furthermore, the strategy introduces the Wise-IoU (WIoU), a dynamic non-monotonic focusing mechanism for bounding box loss, to further enhance the accuracy and speed of the object detection algorithm. The algorithm’s effectiveness is validated through experiments conducted on the 3L-TT100K traffic sign dataset, showcasing a mean average precision (mAP) of 94.1% in traffic sign detection. This mAP surpasses the performance of the YOLOv5(s) algorithm by 4.76% and outperforms the baseline algorithm. Additionally, the algorithm achieves a detection speed of 62.50 frames per second, which is much better than the baseline algorithm.
A Multi-Rate Simulation Strategy Based on the Modified Time-Domain Simulation Method and Multi-Area Data Exchange Method of Power Systems
Authors: Yao Ruotian , Chen Qi , Bai Hao , Liu Chengxi , Liu Tong , Luo Yongjian , Yang Weichen
Published: February 2024

Accurate modeling for power-electronic devices requires power systems to be simulated with considerably small step sizes (typically several microseconds), which causes unnecessary computational burden and reduces efficiency, especially for large-scale power systems. To achieve a balance between simulation precision and efficiency, this paper introduces an innovative multi-rate interface strategy based on the modified time-domain simulation (TDS) method and multi-area data exchange method. The modified TDS method transforms the initialization process into exchange of electric data among different subsystems, while the multi-area data exchange method is able to ensure numerical stability and simulation universality during the multi-rate simulation. The proposed strategy provides a robust interface that allows different subsystems to be engaged in simulations with different step sizes while exchanging data. To validate this strategy, simulations on an integrated system of IEEE 14-bus and 33-bus systems is conducted. In addition, the strategy is further applied to a real-world scenario of the subsystem in the Guangxi Power Grid in China. Analysis of the results indicates that the proposed multi-rate fast simulation strategy can significantly boost simulation efficiency while maintaining accuracy, which marks a notable improvement compared with the traditional single step size simulation.
An Optimized Device Structure with a Highly Stable Process Using Ferroelectric Memory in 3D NAND Flash Memory Applications
Authors: Choi Seonjun , Kang Myounggon , Jung Hong-sik , Kim Yuri , Song Yun-heub
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we propose an optimized device structure with a highly stable process that addresses threshold voltage shift issues in the String-Select-Line (SSL) and Ground-Select-Line (GSL) gates using ferroelectric memory in 3D NAND flash memory applications. The proposed device utilizes nickel (Ni) instead of tungsten (W) for the GSL and SSL gates, enabling optimized polarization properties during the annealing process and leveraging the disparity in thermal expansion coefficients. Notably, the difference in thermal expansion coefficient from tungsten (W), employed in other Word Line (WL) gates, allows effective control over polarization properties. To validate the proposed structure, we fabricated and measured a Metal–Ferroelectric–Insulator–Silicon (MFIS) capacitor utilizing Hafnium–Zirconium Oxide (HZO) material. The measurement results indicate that a change in the upper metal layer results in a more than fivefold increase in the variance of polarization characteristics between the WL gates (responsible for the memory function) and the SSL and GSL gates dedicated to channel control. In addition, process simulation was conducted using the same device structure, confirming the application of tensile stress to the HZO thin film in the case of a W electrode and compressive stress in the case of a Ni electrode. Furthermore, applying this controlled polarization characteristic parameter to the 3D NAND flash memory structure revealed a reduction in the threshold voltage shift of the control gate from a previous change of 2.6 V or more to 0.05 V, facilitating stable control.
Research on the Multiscale Microscopic Pore Structure of a Coalbed Methane Reservoir
Authors: Lu Xiuqin , Liu Lei , Zhou Liang , Imani Gloire , Liu Zhong , Wu Haoyu , Sun Hai , Fang Huili
Published: February 2024

Coal rock pores are the space in which coalbed gas is stored and flows. Accurately characterizing the pore structure of coalbed gas is the foundation of coalbed gas reserve assessment and production forecasting. Traditional experimental methods are unable to characterize the multi-scale pore structure characteristics of coal rock. In this paper, a multi-scale pore structure characterization method is proposed by coupling various experimental methods, including low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption experiments, X-ray computed tomography (XCT) imaging technology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using Zhengzhuang coalbed gas as an example, the micro-pore structure of coalbed gas reservoirs is characterized and depicted from a multi-scale perspective. The results indicate that a single experimental approach can only partially reveal the microstructure of coal rock pores. The combined use of multiple methods can accurately reveal the full-scale microstructure of coal rock pores. The pore structure of the experimental coal rock samples exhibits multi-scale characteristics, with a complex variety of pore types, including inorganic pores, organic pores, and fractures. Organic pores are predominant, with a small number of inorganic pores, and their sizes range from 2 nm to 50 μm. Mineral particles and fractures are observed at both the nanoscale and microscale, exhibiting typical multi-scale characteristics, with quartz being the predominant mineral.
Continuous Solar Thermal Energy Production Based on Critical Irradiance Levels for Industrial Applications
Authors: Martínez-Rodríguez Guillermo , Silviano-Mendoza Héctor H. , Fuentes-Silva Amanda L. , Baltazar Juan-Carlos
Published: February 2024

The design of a solar thermal installation is based on the lowest irradiance levels that occur during winter. However, there are consecutive days with irradiance levels well below those used for the design, which are called in this work “critical irradiance levels”. To solve this challenge, a statistical analysis is carried out to find a representative percentile of 22 years of consecutive days with “critical irradiance levels”. A case study of a cotton-dyeing industrial process requires 18.5 m3 of hot water and operates for 2.75 h at temperatures between 40 and 90 °C. Environmental variables for 22 years were analyzed and validated to design a solar thermal installation (solar collector network and storage system) and a coupled heat pump. The fifth percentile, with three consecutive days and low irradiance levels, was the most repetitive. For this case, a storage system of 46.5 m3 guaranteed heat load at target temperature. The simple payback was 14.1 years, and the energy cost was 0.094 USD/kWh, which was competitive against the energy cost from using fossil fuels, 0.064 USD/kWh. The design based on critical environmental conditions guarantees a continuous supply of energy to the industrial process and defines the minimum availability of solar energy to supply a process.
Fast Arc Detection Technology Based on Fractal Dimension for SADA Slip Ring in Satellite Power System
Authors: Meng Yanchen , Zhang Enchao , Zhang Donglai , Zhu Xueli , Zhu Hongyu , Li Anshou
Published: February 2024

The solar array drive assembly (SADA) slip ring is a critical link that provides electrical power and electric signal transmission between solar arrays and satellite power systems, which is prone to arc faults in the space environment. If these arc faults cannot be detected and eliminated quickly enough, they will seriously threaten the safety of the satellite power system and the satellite. In this paper, a fast arc detection method based on fractal dimension is proposed that adapts to different operating modes of power systems. The detection method collects the current differential signal data flowing through the SADA slip ring, and, according to the trend of the fractal dimension change in this signal, the fault identification algorithm is designed for different operating modes of the power system to achieve real-time and rapid identification of arc faults. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using test data under several different fault conditions.
Combining Gasoline Compression Ignition and Powertrain Hybridization for Long-Haul Applications
Authors: Lago Sari Rafael , Zhang Yu , Merritt Brock , Kumar Praveen , Shah Ashish
Published: February 2024

Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion was demonstrated to be an effective combustion concept to achieve high brake thermal efficiency with low-reactivity fuels while offering improved NOx–soot trade-off. Nevertheless, future greenhouse gas regulations still challenge the heavy-duty transportation sector on both engine and vehicle basis. Hybridization is a possible solution in this scenario, allowing the avoidance of low-efficiency conditions and energy recovery during regenerative braking, improving overall vehicle efficiency. In this sense, this investigation proposes a detailed analysis to understand the optimum hybridization strategy to be used together with GCI to simultaneously harness low pollutant and CO2 emissions. For that, different hybrid architectures were defined in GT Drive (Mild hybrid 48 V P0 and P2 and full Hybrid P2 500 V) and submitted to 15 different use cases, constituted by five normative and real-driving conditions from the US, China, India, and Europe and three different payloads. Results showed that all hybridization strategies could provide fuel savings benefits to some extent. Nonetheless, usage profile is a dominant factor to be accounted for, benefiting specific hybrid powertrains. For instance, P0 and P2 48 V could provide similar savings as P2 500 V, where regenerative braking is limited. Nonetheless, P2 500 V is a superior powertrain if more demanding cycles are considered, allowing it to drive and recuperate energy without exceeding the Crate limitations of the battery.
Reaction Curve-Assisted Rule-Based PID Control Design for Islanded Microgrid
Authors: Bashishtha T. K. , Singh V. P. , Yadav U. K. , Varshney T.
Published: February 2024

In a renewable energy-based islanded microgrid system, frequency control is one of the major challenges. In general, frequency oscillations occur in islanded microgrids due to the stochastic nature of load and variable output power of distributed generating units (DGUs). In the presented research proposal, frequency oscillations are suppressed by implementing the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller-based control design strategy for an islanded microgrid. The modeling of the islanded microgrid is firstly presented in the form of a linearized transfer function. Further, the derived transfer function is approximated into its equivalent first-order plus dead time (FOPDT) form. The approximated FOPDT transfer function is obtained by employing the reaction curve method to calculate the parameters of the FOPDT transfer function. Furthermore, the desired frequency regulation is achieved for the manifested FOPDT transfer function by incorporating PID control design. For PID controller tuning, different rule-based methods are implemented. Additionally, comparative analysis is also performed to ensure the applicability of the comparatively better rule-based tuning method. The Wang–Chan–Juang (WCJ) method is found effective over other rule-based tuning methods. The efficacy of the WCJ method is proved in terms of transient response and frequency deviation. The tabulated data of tuning parameters, time domain specifications, and error indices along with responses are provided in support of the presented control strategy.
Subdomain Analytical Modeling of a Double-Stator Spoke-Type Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine
Authors: Su Xiangdong , Zhao Hang , Ou Zhijun , Yu Jincheng , Liu Chunhua
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes an analytical model of the double-stator spoke-type permanent magnet vernier machine (DSSTVM) using the subdomain method (SDM), which can be used to calculate the magnetic field distribution and corresponding electromagnetic parameters of the DSSTVM. The whole field domain is divided into several subdomains according to the magnetic characteristics of each region, within which Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations are solved accordingly in terms of magnetic vector potential (MVP). Then, the corresponding magnetic flux density distribution, back electromotive force (EMF), and electromagnetic torque of the DSSTVM can be obtained. Ultimately, finite element analysis (FEA) is adopted to validate the proposed analytical model’s effectiveness for quickly predicting the no-load and on-load performances of the DSSTVM.
Experimental Characterization and Numerical Simulation of a Low-Scale Personal Cooling System with Integrated PCM
Authors: Miccoli Francesco , Cavargna Augusto , Mongibello Luigi , Iasiello Marcello , Bianco Nicola
Published: February 2024

Phase Change Materials (PCMs), among the existing thermal storage technologies, are characterized by higher storage densities than conventional storage systems, and absorb and release thermal energy at nearly constant temperatures. In recent years, the potential advantages that can be obtained by the integration of these materials into refrigeration machines have attracted the attention of specialized literature. Indeed, PCMs can allow a more efficient operation through an appropriate increase in thermal inertia, for applications relative to air conditioning in both internal residential environments and inside vehicles for the transport of people, and also in the case of machines used in the field of food refrigeration. Furthermore, in recent years, innovative solutions with integrated PCM have also been analyzed, aiming at enhancing the usability and transportability of refrigeration systems, as well as increasing the energy efficiency and reducing environmental impact. In this context, the present work focuses on the experimental characterization and numerical simulation of a cooling system with integrated PCM. In particular, the cooling system, designed for a personal cooling application, is experimentally analyzed by varying the configuration of the PCM-based condenser, while the numerical simulations have been realized to validate a simulation tool that could be used for the design and optimization of the PCM condenser configuration. The results allow us to identify the main characteristics of the analyzed personal cooling system, namely, the cooling capacity and operating autonomy, and to point out the utility and the limits of the developed simulation tool. Among the various configurations analyzed, the best one in terms of refrigeration power and autonomy is the one characterized by the highest heat transfer surface of the heat exchanger, with the refrigerant compressor at 50% power.
Numerical Investigation of a Novel Heat Exchanger in a High-Temperature Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Gao Huaibin , Wang Runchen , Liu Xiaojiang , Ma Yu , Zhang Chuanwei
Published: February 2024

A cylindrical thermoelectric power generator for high-temperature flue gas was designed, and a distributor was installed to enhance heat transfer by affecting the jet on the hot side. The influence of the different distributor diameters and jet hole diameters on the temperature distribution of the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric module was studied. The corresponding temperature field, velocity field, and exhaust pressure drop of the device were also obtained. The results indicated that the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of the thermoelectric module was increased, and the uniformity of the temperature distribution was improved with the increasing diameter of the distributor and the decreasing diameter of the jet hole. The performance of the thermoelectric power generator was further improved by the jet hole with a gradient diameter. The number and distance between jet holes were sensitive to pressure drop.
Smart Factories for Mass Individualization
Authors: Gu Xi , Koren Yoram
Published: February 2024

With the rise of individualism as a social trend and the wide use of the Internet and social media, today’s customers increasingly want to design and build unique products that fit their individual preferences and needs. Mass individualization is defined as a manufacturing paradigm that aims to produce individualized products cost-effectively. This paradigm differs from the previous paradigms in which the manufacturing company designed and manufactured the products, and the customer chose a product. In the mass individualization paradigm, the customers will be actively involved in product design, and the manufacturer will produce a unique product for each customer at a reasonable cost and of reliable quality. Due to the need for smooth communication and interactions between the buyer and the factory, new factories for individualized products will be located near potential buyers, which will have a significant impact on local economies. This entry explores the relationship between mass individualization and other emerging manufacturing paradigms and concepts in the Industry 4.0/5.0 era, and discusses how smart factories can improve manufacturing efficiency and facilitate the realization of the mass individualization paradigm.
Application of Tryptophan and Methionine in Broccoli Seedlings Enhances Formation of Anticancer Compounds Sulforaphane and Indole-3-Carbinol and Promotes Growth
Authors: Li Rui , Zhou Zihuan , Zhao Xiaofei , Li Jing
Published: February 2024

Broccoli is a popular cruciferous vegetable that is well known for its abundant health-promoting biochemicals. The most important of these beneficial biochemicals are glucosinolates, including glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin. Glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin can be broken down by myrosinases into sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, which have been demonstrated to have potent cancer-preventive properties. Efforts to increase glucoraphanin in broccoli seedlings have long been a focus; however, increasing glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin simultaneously, as well as enhancing myrosinase activity to release more sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, have yet to be investigated. This study aims to investigate the impact of the combined application of tryptophan and methionine on the accumulation of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, as well as their precursors. Furthermore, we also examined whether this application has any effects on seedling growth and the presence of other beneficial compounds. We found that the application of methionine and tryptophan not only increased the glucoraphanin content by 2.37 times and the glucobrassicin content by 3.01 times, but that it also caused a higher myrosinase activity, resulting in a1.99 times increase in sulforaphane and a 3.05 times increase in indole-3-carbinol. In addition, better plant growth and an increase in amino acids and flavonoids were observed in broccoli seedlings with this application. In conclusion, the simultaneous application of tryptophan and methionine to broccoli seedlings can effectively enhance their health-promoting value and growth. Our study provides a cost-effective and multi-benefit strategy for improving the health value and yield of broccoli seedlings, benefiting both consumers and farmers.
Microbiome–Metabolomic Analysis Revealed the Immunoprotective Effects of the Extract of Vanilla planifolia Andrew (EVPA) on Immunosuppressed Mice
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Yunlong , Zhu Kexue , Li Chuan , Zhao Qingyun , Gu Fenglin , Xu Fei , Chu Zhong
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the immunoprotective effects of the extract of Vanilla planifolia Andrew (EVPA) on cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppression in mice. The results show that EVPA administration significantly alleviated the immune damage induced by Cy, as evidenced by an improved body weight, organ index, and colonic injury. A further analysis of microbial diversity revealed that the EVPA primarily increased the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Verrucomicrobiota, Lactobacillaceae, and Lactobacillus while decreasing Akkermansiaceae, Akkermansia, Romboutsia, and Lactococcus, thereby ameliorating the microbial dysbiosis caused by Cy. A metabolomic analysis revealed significant alterations in the microbial metabolite levels after EVPA treatment, including urobilinogen, formamidopyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, Cer (d18:1/18:0), pantetheine, and LysoPC (15:0/0:0). These altered metabolites are associated with pathways related to sphingolipid metabolism, carbapenem biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and porphyrin metabolism. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between certain microbial groups and the differential metabolites. These findings provide new insights into the immunomodulatory effects of EVPA on the intestinal microbiota and metabolism, laying the foundation for more extensive utilization.
Biotechnological Utilization of Agro-Industrial Residues and By-Products—Sustainable Production of Biosurfactants
Authors: Vučurović Damjan , Bajić Bojana , Trivunović Zorana , Dodić Jelena , Zeljko Marko , Jevtić-Mučibabić Rada , Dodić Siniša
Published: February 2024

The importance and interest in the efficient use and valorization of agro-industrial residues and by-products have grown due to environmental problems associated with improper disposal. Biotechnological production processes, including microbial biosurfactant production, represent a sustainable way to utilize agro-industrial residues and by-products, which are applied as substrates in these processes. Biosurfactants produced by microorganisms using renewable resources are a viable alternative to traditional petrochemical surfactants and have several potential uses in a wide range of industrial sectors due to their minimal ecotoxicity, easy biodegradability, and moderate production conditions. The common applications of biosurfactants, besides in food industry as food additives and preservatives, are in agriculture, environmental protection, the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry, wastewater treatment, the petroleum industry, etc. This review aims to summarize the comprehensive scientific research related to the use of various agro-industrial residues and by-products in the microbial production of biosurfactants, as well as to emphasize the present state and the importance of their sustainable production. Additionally, based on the available biosurfactant market analysis datasets and research studies, the current situation in science and industry and the future perspectives of microbial biosurfactant production have been discussed.
Nursing Interventions for Client and Family Training in the Proper Use of Noninvasive Ventilation in the Transition from Hospital to Community: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fernando Jéssica Moura Gabirro , Marçal Margarida Maria Gaio , Ferreira Óscar Ramos , Oliveira Cleoneide , Pedreira Larissa , Baixinho Cristina Lavareda
Published: February 2024

Noninvasive ventilation is an increasingly disseminated therapeutic option, which is explained by increases in the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases, life expectancy, and the effectiveness of this type of respiratory support. This literature review observes that upon returning home after hospital discharge, there are difficulties in adhering to and maintaining this therapy. The aim of this study is to identify nursing interventions for client and family training in the proper use of noninvasive ventilation in the transition from hospital to community. A scoping review was carried out by searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. The articles were selected by two independent reviewers by applying the predefined eligibility criteria. Regarding transitional care, the authors opted to include studies about interventions to train clients and families during hospital stay, hospital discharge, transition from hospital to home, and the first 30 days after returning home. The eight included publications allowed for identification of interventions related to masks or interfaces, prevention of complications associated with noninvasive ventilation, leakage control, maintenance and cleaning of ventilators and accessories, respiratory training, ventilator monitoring, communication, and behavioral strategies as transitional care priority interventions to guarantee proper training in the transition from hospital to community.