bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Drugs and Targets for Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Wagstaff Laura J. , Williams Anna
Published: June 2019

How might therapies promoting remyelination help people with multiple sclerosis (MS)? In this chapter we explain why remyelination may decrease neurodegeneration in MS, reducing neurological disability. We introduce some of the target pathways promoting remyelination in preclinical models, which are now giving us potential pro-remyelination therapies for humans that are in or near clinical trial. We also address some of the problems we are currently trying to solve in promoting remyelination in humans, including how to robustly measure remyelination in life so that our trials measure what they think they do, over a useful timescale to see a clinical effect, and the progress that has been made to find pro-remyelination therapies. We end with speculation as to future problems, improvements and potential solutions.
Cannabinoids as a Therapeutic Approach in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Pryce Gareth , Baker David
Published: June 2019

There are numerous historical reports that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) have for many years been self-medicating with illegally obtained street cannabis or, more recently, medicinal cannabis in the countries where this is available to alleviate the symptoms associated with MS. These anecdotal reports have been confirmed by data from animal models of MS and more recently clinical trials on the ability of cannabinoids to alleviate limb spasticity, which is a common feature of progressive MS, pain, bladder dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Experimental studies into the biology of the endocannabinoid system have revealed that cannabinoids have efficacy, not only in symptom relief but also as neuroprotective agents, which may slow disease progression and thus delay the onset of symptoms such as limb spasticity. This chapter discusses what we now know about the endocannabinoid system as it relates to MS and also the therapeutic potential of cannabinoid therapeutics as disease-modifying or symptom control agents, as well as future therapeutic strategies including the potential for slowing disease progression due to neurodegeneration in MS.
Sigma Receptors as New Target for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rui Marta , Rossino Giacomo , Rossi Daniela , Collina Simona
Published: June 2019

In the pharmaceutical panorama aimed at discovering novel therapeutic agents against multiple sclerosis (MS), sigma 1 receptor (S1R) agonists are fit-for-purpose. Indeed, their neuroprotective and neuroplastic activities within neuronal cells, where they modulate several molecular cascades involved in the onset of some central nervous system (CNS) related diseases, such as calcium homeostasis regulation, glutamate excitotoxicity inhibition and oxidative stress control, have been widely elucidated. Additionally, accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of S1R in preventing oligodendrocyte degeneration and neuroinflammation, conditions associated with MS. Relying on the strict correlation between S1R and neurodegeneration, several S1R agonists have been discovered, offering a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical agents endowed with neuroprotective properties. Despite the increasing knowledge of this molecular target, some aspects remain to be clarified, i.e. the identification of endogenous ligands, as well as its mechanism of activation. Nevertheless, the scientific community is spending its efforts to completely characterize S1R and in this context the recent publication of the three-dimensional structure, as well as the putative S1R dimerization or oligomerization, are opening the door towards a major comprehension of the S1R pathophysiological role. Throughout this chapter, we will disclose the old and new insights of this molecular target, demonstrating the high applicability of S1R in MS.
Diet, Gut Microbiome and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sell Lacey B. , Ochoa-Repáraz Javier
Published: June 2019

The gut microbiome aids in immune, endocrine and neural system functions and development. A disruption in the homeostasis of normal intestinal microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can result in changes believed to lead to pathological pathways which may mediate the development and progression of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). When compared with healthy individuals, clinical evidence shows those with autoimmune diseases have distinct microbiota, and those with MS have altered concentrations of specific microbial taxa. Diet is a key modulator of the composition of the gut microbiota and the risk for MS is two-times greater in individuals who are obese during adolescence. Therefore, dietary interventions as a possible therapeutic to modulate the composition of the microbiome and thus reduce the incidence or severity of disease are a crucial next step and could be a breakthrough in the treatment of MS. In this chapter we discuss the most salient experimental and clinical studies that explore diet as a potential avenue to treat this devastating disease. Although promising results arise, further studies are needed to assess the exact mechanism by which the gut microbiota and diet are impacting disease occurrence and progression.
Fluorescence polarization-based detection of cancer-related mutations using target-initiated rolling circle amplification
Authors: Kwon Woo Young , Cha Byung Seok , Kim Seokjoon , Hwang Sung Hyun , Kim Ji Min , Kalimuthu Kalishwaralal , Park Hyun Gyu , Park Ki Soo
Published: June 2019

A new strategy to detect cancer-related mutation was devised based on target-initiated rolling circle amplification combined with fluorescence polarization signaling.
Colorectal distribution and retention of polymeric nanoparticles following incorporation into a thermosensitive enema
Authors: Melo Mélanie , Nunes Rute , Sarmento Bruno , das Neves José
Published: June 2019

The incorporation of nanoparticles into a thermosensitive enema enhances colorectal distribution and retention.
Molecular design and synthetic approach to C2,C3,C4-modified carbazoles: high triplet energy bipolar host materials for efficient blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Konidena Rajendra Kumar , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: June 2019

Herein, we report the first examples of the design of and synthetic approach to C3/C4 and C2/C3/C4-modified carbazole based high triplet energy bipolar host materials for blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes.
Light-triggered evolution of molecular clusters toward sub-nanoscale heterojunctions with high interface density
Authors: Xue Chaozhuang , Zhang Jiaxu , Wang Xiang , Gu Meng , Zhu Yuanmin , Li Dong-Sheng , Guo Jun , Liu Yang , Wu Tao
Published: June 2019

Pyridine-capped Zn–S–O molecular clusters are light-triggered into sub-nanoscale ZnS/ZnO heterojunctions with highly rich interfaces.
A calixarene-based fluorescent ratiometric temperature probe
Authors: Bardi Brunella , Tosi Irene , Faroldi Federica , Baldini Laura , Sansone Francesco , Sissa Cristina , Terenziani Francesca
Published: June 2019

We report the first macrocycle-based ratiometric molecular thermometer exploiting the conformational thermosensitivity of a calixarene functionalized with two different fluorophores.
Recyclable and superior selective CO2 adsorption of C4B32 and Ca@C4B32: a new category of perfect cubic heteroborospherenes
Authors: Bai Hui , Ma Mengmeng , Zuo Jianping , Zhang Qian-Fan , Bai Bing , Cao Haojie , Huang Wei
Published: June 2019

A new category of the perfect cubic heteroborospherenes C4B32 and Ca@C4B32 shows superior CO2-capture and -separation abilities.
Direct synthesis of furfuryl alcohol from furfural: catalytic performance of monometallic and bimetallic Mo and Ru phosphides
Authors: Bonita Yolanda , Jain Varsha , Geng Feiyang , O'Connell Timothy P. , Wilson Woodrow N. , Rai Neeraj , Hicks Jason C.
Published: June 2019

The catalytic properties of monometallic and bimetallic Ru and Mo phosphides were evaluated for their ability to selectively hydrogenate furfural to furfuryl alcohol.
Magnetic anisotropy and slow magnetic relaxation processes of cobalt(ii)-pseudohalide complexes
Authors: Cui Hui-Hui , Zhang Yi-Quan , Chen Xue-Tai , Wang Zhenxing , Xue Zi-Ling
Published: June 2019

Magnetic measurements, HFEPR and ab initio calculations were used to study the magnetic anisotropies and magnetic relaxation of four cobalt(ii)-pseudohalide complexes.
Toxicological effects of ingested nanocellulose in in vitro intestinal epithelium and in vivo rat models
Authors: DeLoid Glen M. , Cao Xiaoqiong , Molina Ramon M. , Silva Daniel Imbassahy , Bhattacharya Kunal , Ng Kee Woei , Loo Say Chye Joachim , Brain Joseph D. , Demokritou Philip
Published: June 2019

In vitro and in vivo toxicological studies of ingested nanocellulose, which has many potential food applications, revealed minimal toxicity.
Kinetic analysis of bioorthogonal reaction mechanisms using Raman microscopy
Authors: Tipping William J. , Lee Martin , Brunton Valerie G. , Lloyd-Jones Guy C. , Hulme Alison N.
Published: June 2019

Kinetic analysis of CuAAC and Glaser–Hay bioorthogonal reactions can be achieved with Raman microscopy using alkyne vibrations in the cell-silent region.
Ferulic acid protects against methotrexate nephrotoxicityviaactivation of Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling and PPARγ, and suppression of NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis
Authors: Mahmoud Ayman M. , Hussein Omnia E. , Abd El-Twab Sanaa M. , Hozayen Walaa G.
Published: June 2019

Ferulic acid prevents methotrexate-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis, and activating PPARγ and Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling.
Cinnamon subcritical water extract attenuates intestinal inflammation and enhances intestinal tight junction in a Caco-2 and RAW264.7 co-culture model
Authors: Kim Min Seo , Kim Ji Yeon
Published: June 2019

Cinnamon is known to have several physiological effects; the effects of Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb. on anti-inflammation and tight junctions were investigated using the cellular intestinal inflammation model.
A 3,4-dihalo-2(5H)-furanone initiated ring-opening reaction of DABCO in the absence of a metal catalyst and additive and its application in a one-pot two-step reaction
Authors: Wu Han-Qing , Yang Kai , Chen Xiao-Yun , Arulkumar Mani , Wang Neng , Chen Si-Hong , Wang Zhao-Yang
Published: June 2019

An environmental friendly protocol for metal/additive-free synthesis of potential bioactive compounds from 3,4-dihalo-2(5H)-furanone and DABCO is described.
Messenger RNA delivery by hydrazone-activated polymers
Authors: Juanes Marisa , Creese Oliver , Fernández-Trillo Paco , Montenegro Javier
Published: June 2019

Here we present the intracellular delivery of mRNA using polyhydrazones prepared in situ under physiological conditions, demonstrating the versatility and adaptability of this technology to more sensitive and therapeutically relevant nucleic acids.
Organic nanotubes created from mesogenic derivatives
Authors: Novotná Vladimíra , Hamplová Věra , Lejček Lubor , Pociecha Damian , Cigl Martin , Fekete Ladislav , Glogarová Milada , Bednárová Lucie , Majewski Pawel W. , Gorecka Ewa
Published: June 2019

A facile route to prepare nanotubes from rod-like mesogens dissolved in typical organic solvents is reported.
Ultralow-voltage all-carbon low-dimensional-material flexible transistors integrated by room-temperature photolithography incorporated filtration
Authors: Du Chunhui , Zhang Min , Huang Qiuyue , Zhang Shengdong , Chai Yang
Published: June 2019

Low dimensional materials (LDMs) have drawn world-wide attention as potential candidates applied in flexible and wearable electronics. However, integrating all-LDMs to realize independent-operation flexible devices are pretty challenging.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering induced by the coupling of the guided mode with localized surface plasmon resonances
Authors: Wu Shaoying , Shen Yang , Jin Chongjun
Published: June 2019

In a hybrid SERS substrate, the coupling of guide mode and localized surface plasmon resonances leads to a remarkable local field enhancement and thus enables a better SERS performance than its nanoparticle counterparts.
Surface passivated and encapsulated ZnO atomic layers by high-κ ultrathin MgO layers
Authors: Ekuma C. E. , Najmaei S. , Dubey M.
Published: June 2019

Atomically transparent vertically aligned ZnO-based van der Waals materials have been developed by surface passivation and encapsulation with atomic layers of MgO using materials by design, and their physical properties have been investigated.
Gadolinium-doped carbon dots as nano-theranostic agents for MR/FL diagnosis and gene delivery
Authors: He Xi , Luo Qiang , Zhang Ji , Chen Ping , Wang Hai-Jiao , Luo Kui , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: June 2019

Multi-functional carbon dots with MR/FL dual-imaging and gene delivery abilities were constructed for in vitro and in vivo applications.
Self-assembled carbon nanoparticles as messengers for artificial chemical communication
Authors: Li-Destri Giovanni , Fichera Luca , Zammataro Agatino , Trusso Sfrazzetto Giuseppe , Tuccitto Nunzio
Published: June 2019

Herein, supramolecular carbon nanoparticle aggregates were obtained and used as messengers for molecular communication.
Diastereoselective synthesis of α-dicarbonyl cyclopropanes via a lanthanide amide-catalysed reaction
Authors: Sun Wenxi , Peng Cheng , Yao Zhigang , Xu Fan
Published: June 2019

A lanthanide amide-catalyzed one-pot reaction was developed affording α-dicarbonyl cyclopropanes in good yields and with high stereoselectivity.
Dehydrogenative C(sp3)–H bond functionalization of tetrahydroisoquinolines mediated by organic oxidants under mild conditions
Authors: Džambaski Zdravko , Bondžić Bojan P.
Published: June 2019

DDQ and IBX are effective SET oxidants ofN-aryl-protected and unprotected THIQs. Mannich and Strecker type functionalizations ensued in an overall CDC reaction.
Electrochemical exploration of the effects of calcination temperature of a mesoporous zinc vanadate anode material on the performance of Na-ion batteries
Authors: Muruganantham Rasu , Maggay Irish Valerie Buiser , Juan Lyn Marie Z. De , Nguyen Mai Thanh , Yonezawa Tetsu , Lin Chia-Her , Lin Yan-Gu , Liu Wei-Ren
Published: June 2019

As transition metal oxides are attractive candidates for energy storage applications, the spinel-structure of mesoporous ZnV2O4 as a potential novel anode for Na-ion storage and the synergetic effects of calcination temperature were studied.
An alkali metal phosphate RbPbBi2(PO4)3 with three kinds of disorder: the effect of isolated soft cation units on the crystal structure
Authors: Wen Ming , Wu Hongping , Yang Zhihua , Wu Xiaohong , Pan Shilie
Published: June 2019

We have reported a new phosphate, RbPbBi2(PO4)3 with three kinds of disorder, and a concept of isolated soft units has been firstly put forward to study the origin of structural distortions and disorder.
A novel chiral DMAP–thiourea bifunctional catalyst catalyzed enantioselective Steglich and Black rearrangement reactions
Authors: Li Qing-Hua , Zhang Gui-Shan , Wang Yu-Hui , Mei Ming-Shun , Wang Xin , Liu Qiang , Yang Xiao-Di , Tian Ping , Lin Guo-Qiang
Published: June 2019

A novel chiral DMAP–thiourea bifunctional catalyst has been prepared and applied in the highly enantioselective Steglich and Black rearrangement reactions.
A wearable fiber-shaped supercapacitor based on a poly(lactic acid) filament and high loading polypyrrole
Authors: Nie Wenqi , Liu Lianmei , Li Qiao , Zhang Suyi , Hu Jiyong , Yang Xudong , Ding Xin
Published: June 2019

A high active material loading of 0.121 mg cm–1 and energy density of 3.5 μW h cm–2 were achieved for the fiber-shaped supercapacitor, which was realized by the iron ions intercalated into GO sheets and then polymerized pyrrole.
Non-covalent loading of ionic liquid-functionalized nanoparticles for bovine serum albumin: experiments and theoretical analysis
Authors: Jia Xingang , Hu Xiaoling , Wang Wenzhen , Du Chunbao
Published: June 2019

Non-covalent binding between nanosilica and bovine serum albumin has been illustrated by experiments and theoretical calculations.
PVA and CS cross-linking combined with in situ chimeric SiO2 nanoparticle adhesion to enhance the hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties of PTFE flat membranes
Authors: Li Chengcai , Zhang Hang , Wang Feng , Zhu Hailin , Guo Yuhai , Chen Meiyu
Published: June 2019

Herein, a new hydrophilic and antibacterial PTFE flat MF membrane was fabricated via a low-cost and simple preparation method in which CS was crosslinked with PVA using ECH as a cross-linker followed by in situ chimeric SiO2 nanoparticle adhesion.
Correlation between lipophilicity of newly synthesized ionic liquids and selected Fusarium genus growth rate
Authors: Vraneš Milan , Tot Aleksandar , Ćosić Jasenka , Papović Snežana , Panić Jovana , Gadžurić Slobodan , Janković Nenad , Vrandečić Karolina
Published: June 2019

In this work the correlation between lipophilicity descriptor and Fusarium growth rate for newly synthesized ionic liquids was established.
Layered composites composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/manganese dioxide/carbon fiber cloth for microwave absorption in the X-band
Authors: Zhao Ke , Gupta Shivam , Chang Ching , Wei Jinquan , Tai Nyan-Hwa
Published: June 2019

Multi-layered composites of MWCNTs/MnO2/epoxy show high microwave absorption ability due to interface reflection and synergetic effects of MWCNTs and MnO2.
Different toxicities of nanoscale titanium dioxide particles in the roots and leaves of wheat seedlings
Authors: Chen Yanger , Wu Nan , Mao Haotian , Zhou Jun , Su Yanqiu , Zhang Zhongwei , Zhang Huaiyu , Yuan Shu
Published: June 2019

Despite previous studies on exploring the environmental effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles particle (nTiO2) on plants, the detailed impacts of nTiO2on the antioxidant system and photosynthesis of plants is still not well understood.
Metal–organic framework-derived CeO2–ZnO catalysts for C3H6-SCR of NO: an in situ DRIFTS study
Authors: Zhao Ling , Zhang Yu , Bi Sining , Liu Qifeng
Published: June 2019

Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based derivatives have attracted an increasing interest in various research fields. Here, we synthesized CeO2–ZnO catalysts through the complete thermal decomposition of the Ce/MOF-5 precursor.
Photosensitizing properties of hollow microcapsules built by multilayer self-assembly of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) modified with rose Bengal
Authors: Serrano Mariana P. , Rafti Matías , Thomas Andrés H. , Borsarelli Claudio D.
Published: June 2019

We explored a novel strategy directed to the improvement of rose Bengal fluorescence emission and photosensitization properties by supramolecular assembly into hollow microcapsules using LbL technique.
Nanocellulose-based polymer hybrids and their emerging applications in biomedical engineering and water purification
Authors: Patel Dinesh K. , Dutta Sayan Deb , Lim Ki-Taek
Published: June 2019

Nanocellulose, derived from cellulose hydrolysis, has unique optical and mechanical properties, high surface area, and good biocompatibility.
Enhanced inertial focusing of microparticles and cells by integrating trapezoidal microchambers in spiral microfluidic channels
Authors: Al-Halhouli Ala'aldeen , Albagdady Ahmed , Al-Faqheri Wisam , Kottmeier Jonathan , Meinen Sven , Frey Lasse Jannis , Krull Rainer , Dietzel Andreas
Published: June 2019

In this work, manipulating width and equilibrium position of fluorescent microparticles in spiral microchannel fractionation devices by embedding microchambers along the last turn of a spiral is reported.
Pickering gel emulsion stabilized by enzyme immobilized polymeric nanoparticles: a robust and recyclable biocatalyst system for biphasic catalysis
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Mengjie , Zhang Shengmiao , Chen Jianding
Published: June 2019

A Pickering interfacial biocatalyst system with a high water/oil volume ratio, super-stability, and easy recyclability is presented for biphasic enzyme catalysis.
Rational synthesis of three-dimensional core–double shell upconversion nanodendrites with ultrabright luminescence for bioimaging application
Authors: Abualrejal Murad M. A. , Eid Kamel , Tian Rongrong , Liu Lin , Chen Hongda , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Wang Zhenxin
Published: June 2019

Herein, we rationally fabricated three-dimensional upconversion core–double shell nanodendrites as efficient and safe luminescent probes for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging.
Glycerol transport through the aquaglyceroporin GlpF: bridging dynamics and kinetics with atomic simulation
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Weng Jingwei , Wang Wenning
Published: June 2019

We present a strategy to obtained non-equilibrium transport kinetics of membrane channels through atomistic MD simulations. Using two kinetic models, the permeation fluxes of aquaglyceroporin GlpF under various concentration gradients were calculated.
Structure of formylglycine-generating enzyme in complex with copper and a substrate reveals an acidic pocket for binding and activation of molecular oxygen
Authors: Miarzlou Dzmitry A. , Leisinger Florian , Joss Daniel , Häussinger Daniel , Seebeck Florian P.
Published: June 2019

The substrate-bound formylglycine generating enzyme forms a trigonal planar tris-thiolate Cu(i) complex ready for oxygen activation.
Catalytic Au(i)/Au(iii) arylation with the hemilabile MeDalphos ligand: unusual selectivity for electron-rich iodoarenes and efficient application to indoles
Authors: Rodriguez Jessica , Zeineddine Abdallah , Sosa Carrizo E. Daiann , Miqueu Karinne , Saffon-Merceron Nathalie , Amgoune Abderrahmane , Bourissou Didier
Published: June 2019

The ability of the MeDalphos ligand to trigger oxidative addition of iodoarenes preferentially electron-rich, to gold has been thoroughly studied and exploited to develop an efficient Au(i)/Au(iii)-catalysed C3-arylation of indoles.
Carbon coated porous silicon flakes with high initial coulombic efficiency and long-term cycling stability for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Dou Xiaoyong , Chen Ming , Zai Jiantao , De Zhen , Dong Boxu , Liu Xuejiao , Ali Nazakat , Tadesse Tsega Tsegaye , Qi Rongrong , Qian Xuefeng
Published: June 2019

Silicon (Si) has been regarded as a promising next-generation anode material to replace carbon-based materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
Evolution of nematic and ferromagnetic ordering in suspensions of magnetic nanoplatelets
Authors: Mertelj Alenka , Lampret Borut , Lisjak Darja , Klepp Jürgen , Kohlbrecher Joachim , Čopič Martin
Published: June 2019

Small angle neutron scattering reveals positional and magnetic correlations in ferromagnetic ferrofluids.
Bandvs.polaron: vibrational motion and chemical expansion of hydride ions as signatures for the electronic character in oxyhydride barium titanate
Authors: Granhed Erik Jedvik , Lindman Anders , Eklöf-Österberg Carin , Karlsson Maths , Parker Stewart F. , Wahnström Göran
Published: June 2019

The oxyhydride phase of barium titanate, BaTiO3−xHx, is a mixed hydride ion and electron conductor.
g-C3N4 templated synthesis of the Fe3C@NSC electrocatalyst enriched with Fe–Nx active sites for efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Eissa Ahmed A. , Peera Shaik Gouse , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: June 2019

A noble metal-free electrocatalyst for an efficient oxygen reduction reaction under both alkaline and acidic conditions has been fabricated by a one-pot template-free strategy.
Renewable flexible supercapacitors based on all-lignin-based hydrogel electrolytes and nanofiber electrodes
Authors: Park Jeong Hee , Rana Harpalsinh H. , Lee Jun Young , Park Ho Seok
Published: June 2019

In the quest for renewable and highly efficient energy storage devices, all-lignin-based flexible supercapacitors are fabricated by integrating cross-linked lignin hydrogel electrolytes with electrospun lignin/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber electrodes.
Co supported on N-doped carbon, derived from bimetallic azolate framework-6: a highly effective oxidative desulfurization catalyst
Authors: Bhadra Biswa Nath , Khan Nazmul Abedin , Jhung Sung Hwa
Published: June 2019

Co-/N-doped porous carbons were obtained from pyrolysis of the firstly prepared bimetallic (Zn and Co)-MAF-6s; and remarkable performances of the carbons in redox reactions could suggest firstly that Co-based materials can be an effective catalyst for oxidative desulfurization.
The synthesis and electrochemical applications of core–shell MOFs and their derivatives
Authors: Zhao Zhimin , Ding Jiawei , Zhu Rongmei , Pang Huan
Published: June 2019

In this review, the advances of core–shell MOFs and their derivatives in electrochemical applications are summarized and analyzed.
Fine tuning of Fermi level by charged impurity-defect cluster formation and thermoelectric properties in n-type PbTe-based compounds
Authors: Lee Min Ho , Park Sungjin , Lee Jae Ki , Chung Jaywan , Ryu Byungki , Park Su-Dong , Rhyee Jong-Soo
Published: June 2019

There have been significant developments in the enhancement of the thermoelectric (TE) performances of p-type PbTe compounds; however, the TE performances of n-type compounds are not compatible with those of p-type ones.
Thickness-dependent bandgap and electrical properties of GeP nanosheets
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Park Kidong , Shojaei Fazel , Debela Tekalign Terfa , Kwon Ik Seon , Kwak In Hye , Seo Jaemin , Ahn Jae Pyoung , Park Jeunghee , Kang Hong Seok
Published: June 2019

Two-dimensional GeP nanosheets were synthesized to probe the thickness-dependent band gap and electrical properties, which were supported by first-principles calculations that predicted the band gap of monolayers to be 2.3 eV.
Biphasic silicon oxide nanocomposites as high-performance lithium storage materials
Authors: Park Eunjun , Kim Yeong Eun , Song Juhye , Park Min-Sik , Kim Hansu
Published: June 2019

By synergetic effect with unique microstructure and chemical composition, the biphasic Si/SiOx–SiO composites showed high performance Li storage characteristics.
Redox-active metal–organic frameworks for energy conversion and storage
Authors: Calbo Joaquín , Golomb Matthias J. , Walsh Aron
Published: June 2019

We review progress in the study of electroactive MOFs with redox activity for energy conversion and storage. Recent advances in mixed-valence MOFs are highlighted, which have led to record conductivities towards metallic porous materials.
Delignified wood with unprecedented anti-oil properties for the highly efficient separation of crude oil/water mixtures
Authors: Wu Ming-Bang , Hong Yong-Ming , Liu Chang , Yang Jing , Wang Xin-Ping , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas , Xu Zhi-Kang
Published: June 2019

Delignified wood with unprecedented anti-oil properties is fabricated for the highly efficient separation of crude oil/water mixtures.
Metal halide perovskites under compression
Authors: Li Qian , Zhang Liming , Chen Zhongwei , Quan Zewei
Published: June 2019

High pressure engineering of metal halide perovskites, revealing the structural and photovoltaic performance contributions of different components.
Thermally controlling the intra- and intermolecular proton transfer reaction: a distinct gateway to luminescent switching
Authors: Qin Tianyou , Du Jiahui , Wang Chunyu , Sheng Lan , Zhang Sean Xiao-An
Published: June 2019

A thermally gated proton transfer reaction was innovatively developed as a new strategy for controlling reversible luminescent switching, which was used for devising thermofluorochromic materials.
Allicin alleviates lead-induced hematopoietic stem cell aging by up-regulating PKM2
Authors: Cai Shi-zhong , Zhao Li-na , Liu Jun , Ji Yi-ting , Shi Xiao-yan , Ma Zhou-rui , Lv Xiao-hua , Chen Ke , Chen Yan
Published: June 2019

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) aging is associated with hematopoietic dysfunction and diseases. Our previous study showed that lead exposure induced a functional decline in HSCs. Allicin, a chemical extracted from the garlic (Allium sativum L.), has been reported to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the biological activities of allicin on lead-induced toxicity, especially in the hematopoietic system, remain unclear. Here, we found that lead exposure elicited aging phenotypes in HSCs, including perturbed cell quiescence, disabled self-renewal function and colony-forming ability, and myeloid-biased differentiation, all of which contributed to significant hematopoietic disorders in mice. Intragastric administration of allicin substantially ameliorated lead-induced HSCs aging phenotypes in vivo. Lead exposure induced a peroxide condition in HSCs leading to DNA damage, which reduced expression of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2), a phenotype which was significantly ameliorated by allicin treatment. These findings suggested that allicin alleviated lead-induced HSCs aging by up-regulating PKM2 expression; thus, it could be a natural herb for preventing lead toxicity.
Unique structure (construction and configuration) and evolution of the array of small serum protein genes of Protobothrops flavoviridis snake
Authors: Chijiwa Takahito , Inamaru Kento , Takeuchi Ami , Maeda Marie , Yamaguchi Kazuaki , Shibata Hiroki , Hattori Shosaku , Oda-Ueda Naoko , Ohno Motonori
Published: June 2019

The nucleotide sequence of Protobothrops flavoviridis (Pf) 30534 bp genome segment which contains genes encoding small serum proteins (SSPs) was deciphered. The genome segment contained five SSP genes (PfSSPs), PfSSP-4, PfSSP-5, PfSSP-1, PfSSP-2, and PfSSP-3 in this order and had characteristic configuration and constructions of the particular nucleotide sequences inserted. Comparison between the configurations of the inserted chicken repeat-1 (CR1) fragments of P. flavoviridis and Ophiophagus hannah (Oh) showed that the nucleotide segment encompassing from PfSSP-1 to PfSSP-2 was inverted. The inactive form of PfSSP-1, named PfSSP-1δ(Ψ), found in the intergenic region (I-Reg) between PfSSP-5 and PfSSP-1 had also been destroyed by insertions of the plural long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and DNA transposons. The L2 LINE inserted into the third intron or the particular repetitive sequences inserted into the second intron structurally divided five PfSSPs into two subgroups, the Long SSP subgroup of PfSSP-1, PfSSP-2 and PfSSP-5 or the Short SSP subgroup of PfSSP-3 and PfSSP-4. The mathematical analysis also showed that PfSSPs of the Long SSP subgroup evolved alternately in an accelerated and neutral manner, whereas those of the Short SSP subgroup evolved in an accelerated manner. Moreover, the ortholog analysis of SSPs of various snakes showed that the evolutionary emerging order of SSPs was as follows: SSP-5, SSP-4, SSP-2, SSP-1, and SSP-3. The unique interpretation about accelerated evolution and the novel idea that the transposable elements such as LINEs and DNA transposons are involved in maintaining the host genome besides its own transposition natures were proposed.
Feasibility study on lengthening the high‐voltage cable section and reducing the number of cable joints via alternative bonding methods
Authors: Li Mingzhen , Zhou Chengke , Zhou Wenjun , Zhang Jun , Zhang Liang , Yao Leiming
Published: June 2019

Among all failures in cable circuits, the failure rate of cable joints is much higher than that in cable bodies. In an effort to reduce cable failure rates and improve the reliability of power cable systems, this article studies the possibility of increasing the length of a cable section and thus reducing the number of cable joints via alternative sheath bonding methods. As the maximum length of an electrical cable section is governed by the permissible sheath standing voltage, this article first proposes a precise sheath voltage calculation model without approximations and simplifications. The sheath voltage per unit length has then been calculated for each bonding method using the proposed model. The maximum length of a cable section has then been calculated, based on the permissible sheath standing voltage, for the various sheath bonding methods. Results show that the traditional 500‐m minor section length could be increased to 2.21 km by using the single‐point bonding method. The maximum distance can be further lengthened by increasing the physical spacing among the three‐phase cables. The economic comparison for each bonding method has also been made. Finally, the proposed method has been applied to a HV cable circuit already in operation, and the operational data confirms the feasibility.
Single image rain removal model using pure rain dictionary learning
Authors: Tang Hongzhong , Zhu Ling , Zhang Dongbo , Wang Xiang
Published: June 2019

A novel single image rain removal model is proposed. Based on the gradient magnitude and direction of rain streaks, the pure rain region can be extracted from the high‐frequency component of rainy image. To ensure proper rain removal, a pure rain dictionary is learned from the extracted pure rain region, and the learned rain dictionary is used to reconstruct the rainy mask from the decomposed high‐frequency component. To adaptively remove rain pixels and preserve more details of non‐rain pixels, a rainy mask is incorporated into the model. In the proposed model, an improved bilateral filter is only used to handle rain pixels. The experimental results show that the proposed model is superior to existing models in resolving the problems of over‐smoothing and rain‐streak remains in synthetic and real‐world rainy images. Consequently, a better quantitative index and visual quality can be achieved.
Bibliography of digital image anti‐forensics and anti‐anti‐forensics techniques
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Ali , El‐Alfy El‐Sayed M
Published: June 2019

With the massive increase of online content, widespread of social media, the popularity of smartphones, and rise of security breaches, image forensics has attracted a lot of attention in the past two decades alongside the advancements in digital imaging and processing software. The goal is to be able to verify authenticity, ownership, and copyright of an image and detect changes to the original image. However, more sophisticated image manipulation software tools can use subtle anti‐forensics techniques (AFTs) to complicate and hinder detection. This leads security professionals and digital investigators to develop more robust forensics tools and counter solutions to defeat adversarial anti‐forensics and win the race. This survey study presents a comprehensive systematic overview of various anti‐forensics and anti‐AFTs that are proposed in the literature for digital image forensics. These techniques are thoroughly analysed based on various important characteristics and grouped into broad categories. This study also presents a bibliographic analysis of the‐state‐of‐the‐art publications in various venues. It assists junior researchers in multimedia security and related fields to understand the significance of existing techniques, research trends, and future directions.
Lightweight cascade framework for optic disc segmentation
Authors: Zhang Xu , Liu Jie , Wang Shuyan , Chen Zhewei , Huang Bin , Ye Jilun
Published: June 2019

The accurate segmentation of the optic disc (OD) is important in diagnosing and evaluating many retinal diseases. However, the OD boundary is unclear, making the task of automatic OD segmentation very challenging. Recently,many researchers have applied convolutional neural network (CNN) technology to the automatic segmentation of OD, and the network has been widened and deepened. It can effectively improves the accuracy of segmentation but also requires high computational complexity and large memory consumption. To overcome the above defects, we propose a segmentation framework of a lightweight cascade CNN. It consists of a designed‐to‐be‐lightweight segmentation network and a shape‐refinement network cascade, cascading a shape‐refined network behind a segmentation network to compensate for the degraded performance of the segmentation network after lightweight design. We tested our framework on three databases, DRIVE, DIARETDB1, and DRIONS‐DB, and found that its segmentation performance is slightly better than that of u‐net, and the trainable parameters are approximately 1/35 that of u‐net. After verified by the DRIVE dataset, the memory used for training and testing is only about 1/3 of u‐net. The method proposed in this paper can greatly reduce trainable parameters and computational resource consumption while guaranteeing satisfactory segmentation performance of the model.
Texture spectral similarity criteria
Authors: Havlíček Michal , Haindl Michal
Published: June 2019

New similarity criteria capable of assessing spectral modelling plausibility of colour, bidirectional texture functions (BTF), and hyperspectral textures are presented. The criteria credibly compare the multi‐spectral pixel values of the textures. They simultaneously consider the pixels of similar values and their mutual ratios. It allows support of the optimal modelling or acquisition setup development by comparing the original data with its synthetic simulations. Analytical applications of the criteria can be spectral based texture retrieval or classification. The suggested criteria together with existing alternatives are extensively tested and compared on a wide variety of colour, BTF, and hyperspectral textures. The performance quality of the criteria is examined in a long series of thousands specially designed monotonically degrading experiments, where proposed ones outperform all tested alternatives.
Time‐dependent radiation pattern analysis of cable‐net reflector antennas
Authors: Tang Yaqiong , Li Tuanjie
Published: June 2019

Due to the time‐dependent load‐elongation characteristic of cables, the cable‐net reflector antenna shows a creep and recovery behaviour which has limited the development of the cable‐net reflector antenna with high frequency and high stability. Therefore, this study is dedicated to investigating a time‐dependent radiation pattern analysis method for cable‐net reflector antennas. Based on the physical optics (PO) method, formulas are firstly established for the time‐dependent far‐field radiated pattern analysis. To avoid the repetitive computation of PO radiation integrals and improve the calculation efficiency, the exponential error terms are expanded by the Taylor series at the mean values of phase errors in each small region and the time factor is separated from the integral for some special case. Eventually, an axis‐symmetric reflector antenna is taken as a numerical example to verify the practicability, validity and robustness of the proposed method.
Risk‐aware last‐minute data backup in inter‐datacenter networks
Authors: Das Shrayan , Panda Kirtan Gopal , Sen Debarati , Arif Wasim
Published: June 2019

Network failure caused by disasters (both natural and man‐made like earthquakes, floods, cyclones, electromagnetic pulse attacks etc.) result in communication disruption and huge amounts of data loss in the backbone datacenter (DC) networks. To prevent such large‐scale network disruptions and quickly resume connectivity after the disaster, network operators require improved and efficient data‐transfer algorithms in geographically distributed (geo‐distributed) optical inter‐DC networks. Minimising loss of infrastructure and preventing network disruption requires estimating the damage from a possible disaster. In this study, the authors consider a mutual backup model, where DCs can serve as backup sites of each other, thereby significantly reducing the backup duration (i.e. DC‐Backup‐Window (DC‐B‐Wnd)). They specifically consider the joint optimisation of probabilistic backup site selection and the amount of data to be backed up. They propose mixed‐integer linear programming models for backup time minimisation using a single DC as well as dual DCs at backup sites. Further, they investigate the trade‐off between DC‐B‐Wnd and the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms and perform extensive numerical simulations to show that, in the case of disasters, single and dual DC backups with risk‐aware probabilistic path selection give shorter backup windows as compared to existing algorithms.
Hydrothermal conversion of anaerobic wastewater fed microalgae: effects of reaction temperature on products distribution and biocrude properties
Authors: Li Hugang , Liu Zhidan , Wang Meng , Lu Jianwen , Bultinck Trevor , Wang Yingxian , Wang Xinfeng , Zhang Yuanhui , Lu Haifeng , Duan Na , Li Baoming , Zhang Dongming , Dong Taili
Published: June 2019

Microalgae using non‐arable land were considered as promising biomass for biocrude production through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and can also be used for environmentally‐friendly wastewater treatment. In this study, we illuminated the effect of reaction temperature on the products distribution and biocrude properties from HTL of the Chlorella sp. grown in wastewater from anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure via HTL. The highest biocrude yield (30.35%, daf) and energy recovery rate (49.6%) were both achieved at 330 °C, while the highest HHV (37.17 MJ/kg) of biocrude oil was achieved at 290 °C. The biocrude oil yield increased from 25.46 to 30.35% as the temperature increased from 270 to 330 °C. The gases yield showed a similar trend under 310 °C. On the contrary, the solid products yield decreased as the temperature approached 350 °C. The lowest nitrogen content (4.6%) and highest H/C (1.50) of biocrude oil were obtained at 290 and 270 °C, respectively. Results imply that deoxygenation was enhanced with temperature due to the enhanced decarboxylation at higher temperatures. Specially, the nitrogen content decreased by 39.4–47.4% in the temperature range of 270–350 °C. The integrated pathways for energy production and nutrient recycling from animal manure coupling AD/HTL, and algae technologies were further proposed.
Improved phase‐locked loop‐based control for grid‐integrated PV system
Authors: Pal Kanwar , Kumar Shailendra , Singh Bhim , Kandpal Tara C.
Published: June 2019

This work presents an improved phase‐locked loop (IPLL)‐based control for grid‐integrated photovoltaic (PV) system (GIPVS). It is used to extract amplitude, frequency, and phase angle of distorted load currents to control PV‐grid‐interfaced voltage source converter (VSC). The VSC controls active and reactive powers at unbalances and distortions in the grid voltages. The control algorithm of VSC includes power feed‐forward term, DC‐link voltage, and grid voltages. The feed‐forward term improves the dynamic performance of a GIPVS and enhances the utilisation of VSC. Three‐phase IPLLs extract the in‐phase components of three‐phase load currents at utility frequency. Further, these in‐phase components of load currents are used for estimation of reference‐grid currents. The proposed IPLL‐based control algorithm offers good dynamic response even under unbalanced load condition. The efficient working of IPLL‐based control algorithm is realised by extracting maximum power from PV‐grid system and through its power‐quality improvement. The perturb and observe (P & O) control algorithm is used for optimum utilisation of a PV array. A developed prototype of PV‐grid system is used to implement an IPLL‐based control algorithm under different operating conditions.
Les changements d’occupation des sols dans la Béqaa Ouest (Liban) : le rôle des actions anthropiques
Authors: El Hage Hassan Hussein , Ardillier-Carras Françoise , Charbel Laurence
Published: June 2019

L’évolution des modes d’occupation du sol porte l’empreinte des activités anthropiques et correspond à un processus dynamique assez complexe, qui agit sur les ressources naturelles. La région agricole de la Béqaa Ouest est caractérisée par des conditions naturelles favorables pour une production agricole diversifiée. La télédétection montre l’ampleur des changements des modes d’occupation du sol entre 1962 et 2019. L’analyse diachronique révèle une régression du couvert végétal au profit des tissus urbains dans la plaine. L’interprétation des résultats doit tenir compte des causes locales de cette mutation en mettant en évidence les pratiques culturales et pastorales, les facteurs économiques, l’extension urbaine, les flux migratoires syriens et le déboisement qui fragilise le milieu en provoquant le décapage des couches superficielles. L’indice de brillance de l’image Ikonos de haute résolution indique la sévérité de cette dégradation. Tout cela interroge l’avenir agricole de cette région dont les productions constituent un apport essentiel aux marchés nationaux.
What Portuguese consumers care about when buying wine. How important is the design of the bottle?
Authors: Trindade-Carlos Hermelinda da Conceição , Chamorro-Mera Antonio , García-Gallego José Manuel
Published: June 2019

In recent years, the Portuguese market has seen the launch of many new wine brands with novel designs that differ from the traditional products. However, there is not enough information about how the design of the wine bottle influences the brand selection process, nor about which segment of consumers most values this design as a purchasing criterion. In order to enhance the knowledge on this subject, a survey has been conducted on a sample of 437 wine buyers. The results show that taste, aroma and price are the most important criteria, while aspects related to design are less valued. Even so, three different segments of consumers can be identified, with the segment seeking value for money placing the most importance on the design of the wine bottle.
LNG to Power in the Romanian port of Constanta
Authors: Rata Vasile , Hobjila Alin , Rusu Liliana
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, the raising of the global living standard are changing the lifestyle of each individual, which also leads to increased consumption of goods and services. The factors mentioned, directly affect shipping and cruising activities. These two types of activities are classified as major pollutant makers within ports, near urban residences, caused by the combustion of fuel in large auxiliary engines to provide the power needed to operate the systems specific to the two types of ships. In this context, our objective is to find solutions such as the one presented in this study. They have emerged as a scenario for the sizing of an onshore or a floating power plant using Liquefied Gas Natural (LNG) for the port of Constanta in Romania, which is considered to be the largest port of the European Union in the Black Sea.
Lakes in Arid Land and Saline Dust Storms
Authors: Ge Yongxiao , Abuduwaili Jilili , Ma Long
Published: June 2019

Saline dust storms are typical mainly for the arid and semiarid Central Asia induced by environmental change of tail-end lake basin. Although not the dominant type of global dust, saline dusts from playas may be important with respect to atmospheric chemistry, windborne nutrients and human health because of their high salt content. Saline dust storms in Central Asia occur frequently; this is not only a local issue, but also a regional ecological disaster. A complete understanding of the mechanism and diffusion characteristics are urgently required, and control measurements are urgently needed to lessen the occurrence of saline dust storms, which has been an ignored and serious environmental issue in the context of climate change in arid and semi-arid regions.
Imaging of micro-organisms on topsoil particles collected from different landscape in the Gobi Desert
Authors: Kuribayashi Morine , Kawano Keiichi , Demura Yuta , Baba Kenji , Sofue Yuki , Tsedendamba Purevsuren , Matsumoto Tamaki , Hagiwara Katsuro , Karthaus Olaf , Kai Kenji , Hoshino Buho
Published: June 2019

This study shows the results of field experiments of soil particles saltation and laboratory experiments of imaging of the surface structure of dust particles. In the Gobi area, dust occurs when the wind speed at ground level exceeds 7 m/s. It has been reported that bacteria are attached to dust, but the details of its attachment are unknown. It is also expected that these bacteria will fly at the time of occurrence of dust, and fundamental research is important to clarify the relationship between dust components and bacteria.