bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Computational Study on Effects of PID Temperature Target and RF Frequency for PID‐Controlled Nonablative RF Cosmetic Systems
Authors: Wang Lu‐Xiao , Kong Xiang‐Yong , Zhou Tong‐Juan
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Commonly adopted in cosmetic dermatology, nonablative radiofrequency (RF) devices convert high‐frequency electromagnetic energy into thermal energy to induce a wound‐healing response in skin tissue. However, differences in the electrical properties of different skin layers raise questions about the impact of different RF frequencies and target temperatures on treatment effectiveness. This paper presents a finite element analysis (FEA)‐based computational study aimed at simulating and optimizing the effects of a proportional integral derivative (PID)‐controlled RF cosmetic devices under different combinations of these two parameters during treatment.

Study Design/Materials and Methods: A 3D physical model for the application of a nonablative RF device was constructed using COMSOL, which included the human tissue and RF electrodes, electromagnetic and thermal boundary conditions, as well as the PID controller. FEA was performed for each of the twelve models with parameter combinations of three RF frequencies (0.1, 0.5, and 1 MHz) and three PID‐controlled target temperatures (60°C, 65°C, and 70°C) plus one group without PID control. Treatment effectiveness was quantitatively assessed using the integration of tissue thermal damage fraction, i.e., thermal damage volume.

Results: In the earlier stage of heating (0–10 s), higher RF frequency resulted in a larger thermal damage volume. At 10 s, among models with a temperature target of 70°C, there is a 6.04% difference between the thermal damage volume at RF frequencies of 1.0 and 0.1 MHz. In the later stage of heating(11–80 s), the impact of RF frequency decreases. The difference in thermal damage volume caused by higher temperature targets is more significant, at 80 s, among models with an RF frequency of 1.0 MHz, the 70°C model produces 1.15 and 1.36 times more tissue thermal damage than the 65°C and 60°C models.

Conclusion: PID controller has ensured treatment safety and uniformity, in exchange for some efficiency. Among 12 parameter combinations, the one with a temperature of 70°C and RF frequency of 1.0 MHz achieved the highest thermal damage volume, which could potentially result in the best esthetic effect. Considering users' different susceptibility to heat, engineers or physicians can select better temperature targets and RF frequencies to bring the desired cosmetic results based on thermal damage volume curves from this study.
OVERCOMING LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES IN HIGHLY MATRIXED ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Cooper Andrew C.M.
Published: November 2024

The author is a seasoned global executive who was the first Millennial and Black executive to serve as General Counsel of UPS Airlines. His perspective on matrixed organizations “is shaped by my experiences moving from a front‐line worker to specialized individual contributor to middle manager and eventually to a senior leader within the system.” Challenges to these types of organizations include, in his words, blind spots, unclear accountability, potential for conflict and political maneuvering, and inefficiencies due to role confusion. He notes that “blind spots can arise when stakeholders perceive corporate policies and strategies differently because of their organizational positions.” Unclear accountability “often leads to confusion about responsibilities and outcomes.” Within challenge three, “reporting to multiple managers often leads to confusion over priorities and power struggles, as leaders assert influence to secure resources or recognition.” And in challenge four, “Employees often receive contradictory instructions from different managers, causing confusion, frustration, and project delays.” Overcoming these challenges can lead to, in his words: Improved Collaboration and Communication; Flexibility and Adaptability; Efficient Resource Utilization; Enhanced Employee Skill Development; Clearer Project Objectives; Increased Innovation; Better Customer Focus, Cost Efficiency; More Employee Engagement; and Stronger Organizational Capability.
THE IMPORTANCE OF (RE)FRAMING CONVERSATIONS IN LEADERSHIP
Authors: Collis Steven T.
Published: November 2024

The author, a law professor at the University of Texas at Austin, adapted his article from his recent book Habits of a Peacemaker: 10 Habits to Change Our Potentially Toxic Conversations into Healthy Dialogues. He notes that one particular habit “can be especially helpful for organizational leaders seeking to solve any number of problems. It is useful when talking about divisive policy issues, but it is just as important when talking about any of the challenges organizations face on a daily basis. It is the habit of framing and reframing conversations.” He notes that “whenever two or more people are discussing a given issue, how the topic is framed is perhaps the most important step in the process.” He first uses the example of a legal dispute, but notes how in a court of law, “strict rules force a certain level of emotional control and civility in the courtroom.” Moving to a workplace setting, he contends that “as a leader, the next time you are beginning a conversation or leading a dialogue about any topic, think first about how you want to frame it. In large measure, that will determine where the conversation goes and how productive it will be.”
Predicting Post‐Mortem α‐Synuclein Pathology by the Combined Presence of Probable REM sleep behavior disorder and Hyposmia
Authors: Tremblay Cécilia , Adler Charles H. , Shill Holly A. , Driver‐Dunckley Erika , Mehta Shyamal , Choudhury Parichita , Belden Christine , Shprecher David R. , Lee‐Iannotti Joyce K. , Atri Alireza , Serrano Geidy E. , Beach Thomas G.
Published: November 2024

Background

Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a strong known predictor of a final clinicopathological diagnosis of a Lewy type α‐synucleinopathy (LTS). Olfactory dysfunction is an early symptom of synucleinopathies and has been repeatedly associated with the presence of post‐mortem LTS.

Objective

To assess the combined value of a clinician diagnosis of probable RBD (PRBD) and hyposmia in predicting the post‐mortem presence of LTS in a broader, less‐selected, volunteer elderly population.

Methods

We studied 652 autopsied subjects from the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders, which were evaluated for PRBD, had completed annual movement and cognitive assessments, and had at least one the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) olfactory test.

Results

Histological evidence of LTS was significantly more frequent in those who had PRBD (112/152: 73.7%) than those without (177/494: 35.8%) (P < 0.001). LTS was more frequent in cases with PRBD and a low UPSIT score (90.8%) compared to cases with PRBD only (73.7%) (P < 0.001) or cases with a low UPSIT score only (69.4%) (P < 0.001). Sensitivity of PRBD diagnosis for predicting LTS was 38.8% and specificity 88.8%, whereas sensitivity of a low UPSIT score was 74.4% and specificity 73.4% (Youden's index = 0.276 for PRBD, 0.478 for UPSIT). When combining both measures, sensitivity was 34.3% and specificity increased to 97.2%.

Conclusion

PRBD, diagnosed without sleep study confirmation, combined with a reduced olfactory performance is highly specific for predicting post‐mortem presence of LTS. The combination of both measures may provide a cost‐effective means of predicting LTS in a broader community.
Board Cultural Diversity and Nonperforming Loans: What Role Does Boardroom Gender Diversity Play?
Authors: Boussaada Rim , Hakimi Abdelaziz , Karmani Majdi
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we examine the effect of board cultural diversity (BCD) on European banks nonperforming loans (NPLs) and whether boardroom gender diversity (BGD) moderates the BCD‐NPLs relationship. We used a sample of 75 banks in 20 European countries from 2011 to 2022. The System Generalized Method of Moment was performed as an econometric approach. We find that greater BCD increases NPLs and BGD moderates the BCD‐NPLs relationship. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that only large banks benefit from an interaction between BGD and BCD because it lowers the NPLs ratio. Our results are robust to alternative econometric methods.
Industrial Robots, Factor Market Distortion, and Productivity
Authors: Chen Shaojian , Duan Dingyun , Wang Hua
Published: November 2024

We find that robot adoption significantly increases firm‐level TFP, but factor market distortion hinders the promotion effect of robot adoption on firm‐level TFP. Mechanism analysis reveals that the cost‐saving and labor productivity improvements brought about by industrial robot application stimulate market entry by new firms and elevate the exit risk for incumbent enterprises. This dynamic intensifies competition, resulting in an enhanced market environment that contributes to firm‐level TFP. However, factor market distortions impede the survival of the fittest among firms and stifle the competitive effects of market entry and exit. This ultimately leads to sluggish growth in firm‐level TFP.
Insulin Resistance Is a Modifying Factor for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Zagare Alise , Hemedan Ahmed , Almeida Catarina , Frangenberg Daniela , Gomez‐Giro Gemma , Antony Paul , Halder Rashi , Krüger Rejko , Glaab Enrico , Ostaszewski Marek , Arena Giuseppe , Schwamborn Jens C.
Published: November 2024

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common, and the fastest‐growing neurodegenerative disorder with unclear etiology in most cases. Therefore, the identification of non‐genetic risk factors for PD pathology is crucial to develop effective preventative or therapeutic strategies. An increasing number of evidence suggests that central insulin resistance might have an essential role in PD pathology. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether insulin resistance arises from external factors/lifestyle, comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes or it can occur in a PD patient's brain independently from peripheral insulin resistance.

Objective

We aimed to investigate insulin resistance and its role in GBA1 mutation‐associated PD pathogenesis and phenotype severity.

Methods

Midbrain organoids, generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of PD patients carrying the GBA1‐N370S heterozygous mutation (GBA‐PD) and healthy donors, were exposed to different insulin concentrations to modify insulin signaling function. Transcriptomics analysis was performed to explore insulin signaling gene expression patterns in GBA‐PD and to find a potential target for GBA‐PD‐associated phenotype rescue.

Results

The insulin signaling pathway genes show dysregulation in GBA‐PD. Particularly, we highlight that a knockdown of FOXO1 mitigates the loss of dopaminergic neurons and cellular death in GBA‐PD. Additionally, our findings suggest a promising therapeutic potential of the anti‐diabetic drug Pioglitazone in decreasing dopaminergic neuron loss associated with GBA‐PD.

Conclusion

Local insulin signaling dysfunction plays a substantial role in GBA‐PD pathogenesis, exacerbating dopaminergic neuron death. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Computational reaching of quantified consequences from imperfect initial data
Authors: Medina Jesús , Antonio Torné‐Zambrano José
Published: November 2024

Usually, it is not direct to translate theoretical results to practice. One of the challenges is the real computation of solutions to proposed problems, when infinite numbers (such as real numbers or the unit interval) are considered. The same is true when consequences (information) from a data set modeled by logical rules need to be obtained. In this framework, this information is obtained from the immediate consequences operator and ensuring its continuity is fundamental for making sure the computation of this information in a countable number of iterations. Recently, a versatile operator using generalized quantifiers has been introduced. This note will advance in the knowledge introducing necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure the continuity of this new flexible operator.
Normalized solutions of linearly coupled Choquard system with potentials
Authors: Li Meng , He Jinchun , Xu Haoyuan , Yang Meihua
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we consider the existence of solutions for the linearly coupled Choquard system with potentials

under the constraint

where
and
is a fixed function.
Immunotherapy for gastric cancer: Advances and challenges
Authors: Zhang Pei , Zhang Chenyan , Li Xiaoying , Chang Chen , Gan Cailing , Ye Tinghong , Cao Dan
Published: November 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks among the leading causes of cancer‐related mortality globally. Often, its initial stages manifest subtly, and the infrequency of routine screenings contributes to late diagnoses in many cases. Systemic treatments for GC include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, among which immunotherapy is the first‐line standard treatment for advanced GC. In recent years, immunotherapy has seen notable advancements, as evidenced by the Food and Drug Administration's approval of drugs such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab for GC treatment. Additionally, several other drugs are currently under rigorous preclinical and clinical investigation. This review aims to shed light on the recent advancements in immunotherapy for GC, particularly emphasizing the insights gained from phase 2/3 clinical trials that assess the efficacy, safety, and promise of various immunotherapeutic modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR‐T‐cell therapies, and cancer vaccines, in enhancing patient outcomes. Moreover, this review delves into the intricate immunological framework of GC, focusing on the tumor microenvironment, interactions among immune cells, and the roles of immune checkpoints such as PD‐L1. We also address the hurdles and prospective paths forward in the realm of immunotherapy for GC, offering fresh viewpoints on potential therapeutic approaches in this evolving domain.
Experimental and Numerical Indentation Tests to Study the Crack Growth Properties Caused by Various Indenters Under High Temperature
Authors: Sarfarazi Vahab , Haeri Hadi , Fu Jinwei , Namdarmanesh Amir , Saeedi Gholamreza , Golsanami Naser
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the influence of indenter shape and rock texture on the crack growth properties and rock hardness. For this purpose, two different rock specimens such as basalt and marble with various textures were prepared and tested by Vickers indentation hardness device with rhombus indenter shape under two different temperatures of 35°C and 100°C. Concurrent with the experimental test, Vickers indentation simulations have been done on three calibrated rock models with nine different indenter shapes. The tensile strength of marble was 8 MPa, while basalt had a tensile strength of 10.8 MPa. Regarding compressive strength, marble exhibited 71 MPa, whereas basalt had a compressive strength of 153 MPa. Marble and basalt had elastic moduli of 45 and 95 GPa, respectively. The physical loading was applied vertically at a rate of 0.004 mm/min. The rock's texture and temperature significantly impact Vickers indentation hardness. Penetration by the Vickers indenter creates an elastic‐plastic stress field, leading to radial cracks due to exceeding the critical stress level. Ring cracks are caused by bulging of the test material and nested cracks directly under the indentation due to high shear and bending stresses in the region. The indentation shape affected the extent of the damage zone below it, leading to increased crack growth with smaller indentation diameters. The radial fracture number increased when the cross‐section changed from circular to quadrilateral shape. The crack growth and damage zone area increased with higher rock temperature due to increased rock brittleness.
Service Users' Perspectives on Communicating Compassion in Mental Health Practice
Authors: Wildbore Ellie , Bond Carmel , Timmons Stephen , Hui Ada , Sinclair Shane
Published: November 2024

When people talk about their healthcare experience, compassion is often a common ingredient in the stories they share. After a decade of healthcare reforms and research on compassion, the experience of receiving compassionate care has been shown to be important to patients and their families. Yet, there is little guidance to inform compassionate practice in the context of providing mental health care. In this article, the authors suggest three things that mental health nurses can use in their practice to demonstrate compassion.
Effects of frequently prescribed antiseizure medications on motor vehicle driving performance: Narrative review based on a tiered approach for the assessment of clinically meaningful driving impairment in the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare guideline
Authors: Iwamoto Kunihiro , Nakabayashi Tetsuo , Yamaguchi Akiko , Konishi Yuki , Saji Momoe , Yoshimura Reiji , Kanemoto Kousuke , Aoki Hirofumi , Ando Masahiko , Ozaki Norio
Published: November 2024

Patients with epilepsy often require long‐term treatment with antiseizure medications, and their impact on daily activities, particularly driving, is of significant concern. The recently published “Guideline for Evaluating Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on the Performance to Drive a Motor Vehicle” in Japan provides a framework that can be referred to for not only the evaluation of new drugs but also the reevaluation of approved drugs. This study conducted a literature review regarding the effects of carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, lacosamide, and levetiracetam, which are frequently prescribed for epilepsy, on driving performance following the guideline's tiered evaluation approach. Analyses of pharmacological, pharmacodynamic, and adverse events suggested that these drugs primarily affect arousal function. Driving studies showed that acute administration of carbamazepine, but not chronic monotherapy with carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam, significantly impairs driving performance. Epidemiological studies have not identified a definitive association between these drugs and traffic accidents. Initial administration of these five antiseizure medications may affect driving performance, warranting special attention, but the influence appears to diminish with continued use. Nevertheless, while long‐term administration of these five drugs may not have a clinically meaningful effect on driving performance, safe driving is not guaranteed for each individual patient, and appropriate individualized guidance is important in clinical practice.
Temporal Trends in Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus and Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer Following Expanded Vaccination Eligibility
Authors: Ayo‐Ajibola Oluwatobiloba O. , Koh Michelle , Julien Catherine , Davis Ryan J. , Lin Matthew E. , Kim James , Mack Wendy J. , Kwon Daniel I.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant driver of elevated risk for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). In 2018, HPV vaccination eligibility was expanded to men and women aged 27 to 45. We evaluated changes in awareness of HPV, its association with OPSCC, and HPV vaccination among all US adults between 2018 and 2020, focusing on those aged 27 to 45.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional survey cycles.

Setting

The Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS).

Methods

The HINTS, a nationally representative survey of US adults, was queried. A total of 3504 adults in 2018 and 3865 adults in 2020 were assessed for knowledge of HPV, its vaccine, its association with OPSCC, and changes in awareness between 2018 and 2020. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.

Results

Most respondents were aware of HPV (2018: 60.8%; 2020: 64.8%) and its vaccine (2018: 60.8%; 2020: 61.6%). A significant decrease in awareness of the association between HPV and cervical cancer was seen between 2018 and 2020 (75.0% vs 70.2%, P = .028). Knowledge of HPV+ OPSCC was poor and did not change over time (2018: 27.0%, 2020: 29.5%). Statistically significant increases in HPV awareness between 2018 and 2020 were found for individuals who reported completing high school as their highest level of education (P = .009), Caucasians (P = .013), males (P = .024), and those making more than $200,000 annually (P = .022).

Conclusion

Knowledge of the association between HPV and OPSCC remained poor despite expanded vaccine eligibility. Public health education on the association may increase awareness for groups likely to benefit from vaccination.
Trends in Medicare Utilization and Reimbursement of Tracheostomy From 2000 to 2022
Authors: Patel Rahul A. , Torabi Sina J. , Izreig Said , Manes R. Peter
Published: November 2024

Objective

To analyze the utilization and reimbursement for tracheostomy.

Study Design

Retrospective Cross‐Sectional Study.

Setting

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data (2013 and 2021) and Part B Medicare Fee‐For‐Service National Summary Data (2000‐2022).

Methods

Utilization, payment, and specialty breakdown were analyzed for planned tracheostomy (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] codes 31600, 31601, 31610) and emergency tracheostomy (CPT codes 31603, 31605).

Results

From 2000 to 2022, there was a 48.9% decrease (40,754‐20,812) in number of planned tracheostomies and a 75.3% decrease (3277‐811) in number of emergency tracheostomies, leading to an overall decrease of 51%. Similarly, there was a 59.3% inflation‐adjusted decrease ($13.4‐$5.5 million) in total reimbursement for planned tracheostomies and an 82.1% inflation‐adjusted decrease ($1.1 million‐$205 thousand) in total reimbursement for emergency tracheostomies. There was a 20.3% inflation‐adjusted decrease ($329‐$262) in reimbursement per planned tracheostomy and a 27.7% inflation‐adjusted decrease ($349‐$252) in reimbursement per emergency tracheostomy. In our sample of 280 high‐volume tracheostomy providers in 2021 (28.2% otolaryngology, 28.2% general surgery, 14.6% thoracic surgery, 14.3% pulmonary disease, 6.4% critical care), the average provider performed 15.8 tracheostomies and was reimbursed $5362.

Conclusion

Despite significant declines in tracheostomy utilization and reimbursement, understanding trends for these lifesaving procedures are critical for otolaryngologists and other providers in delivering high‐quality care, and can be used by surgeons, hospital systems, and policymakers to guide future health care legislation.
Factors Influencing Political Brand Coolness and Voting Intention
Authors: Banerjee Saikat
Published: November 2024

Establishing a voter connection requires political parties to prioritize providing the electorate with pleasurable experiences, treating them as consumers, and incorporating the “coolness factor” as a key ingredient. Consequently, the perceived coolness of a political brand is a characteristic that develops and evolves independently within society. The current empirical research aims to explore the various factors that contribute to the perceived coolness of political brands and its influence on voting intention. The study's participants are selected from India, a vibrant and diverse nation known as the world's largest democracy. In order to analyze the data, researchers employ the technique known as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the analysis highlight the considerable impact of political party brand meaning on its coolness, indicating a positive relationship between the two. The coolness of the political party brand is heavily influenced by the leader's image, which has a significant positive impact. It is further revealed that political party brand coolness has a significant positive association with voting intention and party brand engagement. Our investigation shows that political brand engagement serves as a mediator in the association between political brand coolness and voting intention, besides the direct influence of political brand coolness on voting intention. A comprehensive understanding of the study's findings enables political marketers to identify more effective strategies for cultivating political brand coolness and leveraging them to create memorable experiences that resonate with voters. Those factors ultimately affect how people vote.
Protected areas shape the distribution of tourism across rural Europe
Authors: Seguin Raphael , Delbar Vincent , Batista e Silva Filipe , Mouillot David
Published: November 2024

Protected areas (PAs) have expanded rapidly in recent decades to help mitigate the ongoing biodiversity crisis but are under increasing human pressures that jeopardize their conservation effectiveness. Tourism in PAs may galvanize efforts towards biodiversity conservation, but it can also be a major source of threats, leading to multiple adverse social and ecological impacts.

Considering the recent Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which aims to protect at least 30% of terrestrial ecosystems by 2030, understanding and assessing how and which PAs shape the spatial distribution of tourism is of great importance to biodiversity management and policy.

In this study, we used a geospatial data set that describes the location and capacity of tourism accommodation in 81,185 local administrative units (LAUs) covering over 28 countries across rural Europe. After estimating the number of nights spent per LAU, we modelled the influence of PAs on the distribution of tourism throughout Europe while controlling for other social, economic and environmental covariates, but also for spatial autocorrelation.

We reveal a positive link between highly protected PAs and the number of nights spent by tourists in LAUs. The attractiveness of these PAs for tourists may pose a conservation paradox, that is, highly protected PAs, which aim to safeguard nature tend to attract a disproportionate number of tourists, which may lead to nature degradation.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A controlled trial comparing the impact of guided forest bathing or a mindful urban walk on heart rate, blood pressure, and mood in young Thai adults
Authors: Simpattanawong Dararat , Li Qing , McEwan Kirsten
Published: November 2024

In Thailand, cardiovascular disease and mental health cause a large health and economic burden, with 10% of Thai adults and 32% of adolescents reporting depression. Forest bathing (FB) (mindful nature walking) is growing in popularity globally as a preventative health intervention. Most FB research compares FB with a non‐active control of unguided urban walking, finding improved health and well‐being in FB but not the urban condition. This controlled trial offers a unique and robust comparison of guided FB with an active control of guided mindful urban walking. This is also the first study testing the acceptability and effectiveness of guided FB in Thailand.

In a crossover design, heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure, and mood in 30 participants were compared before and after 1 h of guided FB and a guided mindful urban walk.

MANOVA and t‐test analyses revealed that heart rate and blood pressure reduced in both conditions, but more in the mindful urban condition. Whilst negative mood was reduced in the FB condition but increased in the mindful urban condition.

The study offers evidence for the promising health and well‐being benefits of both guided FB and mindful urban walking. Poor mental health and health inequalities are of increasing global concern, hence further research into the effectiveness of alleviating these difficulties through inexpensive interventions such as guided FB and mindful walking are encouraged. The study also offers the first data indicating that FB was acceptable and effective in a Thai population.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Proposal of a Biobased and Biodegradable Polymer as a Hot Embossing Substrate for Holographic Security Marks Fabrication
Authors: Panaitescu Denis Mihaela , Oprică Gabriela Mădălina , Gabor Augusta Raluca , Nicolae Cristian Andi , Frone Adriana Nicoleta , Mihăilescu Mona
Published: November 2024

The alarming increase in counterfeiting has determined a more intensive application of authentication solutions such as holographic security marks. Polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate currently used in the hot embossing process to produce security marks are discarded as non‐biodegradable waste after utilization. For the first time, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was studied here as a hot‐embossing substrate to imprint a micro‐relief containing diffractive gratings, as a stage in the fabrication of holographic security marks. Four PLA grades, which differ by crystallinity and mechanical properties, were used to define the suitability of PLA for hot embossing. The 3D topography of embossed micro‐relief in PLA plates was investigated by quantitative phase imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The analyses showed that a high crystallinity and a low d‐lactide content of PLA render the hot‐embossing process more difficult and decrease the quality of the imprinted micro‐relief. The average height of the micro‐relief and the difference in height values, which were determined by AFM, allowed the ranking of the PLA grades according to the quality of the diffracted image. The possibility of recycling the embossed PLA substrate several times before composting was also demonstrated in this work. The variation of the mechanical properties, thermal stability, melting, and crystallization behaviors after each recycling cycle has shown that PLA can be reprocessed six times without significant damage to the properties. This study demonstrated that PLA can replace petroleum‐based polymers in the fabrication of holographic security marks and its suitability for a plethora of optoelectronics applications.
Failure analysis in advance cylindrical composite pressure vessel under pressure & temperature for hydrogen storage: A comprehensive review
Authors: Khan Samid , Kumar Ajay
Published: November 2024

Low‐thickness/diameter cylindrical storage pressure vessels with composite overwrapping fail at diverse internal and external pressure circumstances, causing several faults that must be included and minimized to retain effectiveness and working capability. The bursting effect is caused by hoop (internal) stresses and can be reduced by composite lamination alignment and internal pressure resistance. Pressure vessel bursting faults vary with internal tensions and can induce fiber reinforced polymer fracture and composite cylinder failure under many failure criteria. Micro‐mechanical nondestructive testing uses independent failure criteria associated to modes like Tsai‐Wu, Tsai‐Hill, Azzi‐Tsai, Hoffman, and Chamis. Micro‐cracking of composite layers generates delamination in composite pressure vessels, causing porosity. Pressure vessel micro‐cracking was assessed using classical laminate theory. Composite material strain‐rate failures in mobile applications like hydrogen storage cars with composite pressure vessels are examined due to their widespread use. Finally, Polar, Helical, and Hoop winding sequences are consistently focused to optimize the design and analyze the parameters for the overall impact of different failure aspects as bursting behavior in cylindrical composite pressure vessels. Type‐IV composite pressure vessels have the best results due to their lightest weight but complexity of winding over the polar head geodesic and non‐geodesic curvatures overwrapped carbon include all these internal composite and liner geometry faults and optimize them to reduce failure issues to fix composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPV's) design. Liner‐less composite pressure vessels (Type‐V) need more design and production study for high‐pressure and temperature applications.

Highlights

Failure deals with the internal and external pressures exerted on composite pressure vessels.

Failures like bursting of the pressure vessel, due to like micro‐cracking, delamination's and strain‐rate failures of composites.

Failures detection through NDT inspection for polymer composite materials for composite pressure vessels.

(COPV) perfect lamina sequence, liner materials and fiber winding angles must be considered for designing state of the art liner‐less Type‐V pressure vessels.

Independent Failure criteria like (Tsai‐Wu & Hashin).
Targeting heparanase/heparan sulfate proteoglycans by non‐anticoagulant heparins: Opportunities for innovative therapeutic approaches in sarcomas
Authors: Lanzi Cinzia , Pasquali Sandro , Cassinelli Giuliana
Published: November 2024

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of aggressive mesenchymal malignancies. They account for 1% of all tumors in the general population and 15–20% in pediatric age and young adults. Despite differences in histology and pathobiology, the diverse types of sarcomas are traditionally managed with a common multi‐modal approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and aggressive polychemotherapy. Unfortunately, the prognosis for advanced or recurrent disease remains poor. Moreover, the disease rarity and a high cellular, molecular, and genetic/epigenetic heterogeneity make identification of therapeutic targets challenging. Therefore it remains an urgent need to identify effective therapies to improve patients' outcome. Common or peculiar biological motifs including deregulation of growth factor signaling, proangiogenic and promigratory pathways, tumor‐microenviroment interactions, transcriptional and epigenetic machinery, and differentiation program, provide actionable dependencies exploitable for therapeutic intervention. Among these, a deregulated heparan sulfate proteoglycan system due to aberrant expression of key components as well as structural/functional modifications mediated by endosulfatases and the endoβ‐d‐glycosidase heparanase, is emerging as a crucial player in tumor growth and progression and as a valuable therapeutic target across different sarcoma subtypes. In preclinical studies, non‐anticoagulant heparins have been shown to counteract the growth and metastatic dissemination of various sarcoma models according to their heparan sulfate mimetic and anti‐heparanase activities. Heparin derivatives also improved the anti‐sarcoma efficacy of molecularly targeted agents and cytotoxic drugs. In this minireview, we summarize the current knowledge about the interplay between the heparanase/heparan sulfate proteoglycan system and pathways involved in sarcomagenesis and disease progression. We illustrate the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of non‐anticoagulant heparins and the contribution of their anti‐heparanase, anti‐receptor tyrosine kinase, and likely immunomodulatory activities to their anti‐sarcoma effects. Finally, we discuss a few aspects worthy of exploration highlighting how elucidation of mechanisms underpinning antitumor activities of non‐anticoagulant heparin derivatives in the different sarcoma biological contexts may suggest new vulnerabilities and therapeutic approaches.
Utility of Authentic 13C‐Labeled Disaccharide to Calibrate Hyaluronan Content Measurements by LC‐MS
Authors: Stancanelli Eduardo , Green Dixy E. , Arnold Katelyn , Zhang Jianxiang , Kong Deyu , DeAngelis Paul L. , Liu Jian
Published: November 2024

Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HA), a key glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix, plays crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including development, tissue hydration, inflammation, and tumor progression. Traditional methods for HA quantification, such as ELISA‐like assays, often have limitations in sensitivity and specificity, particularly for lower molecular weight HA. In this work, we introduce a coupled liquid chromatographic‐tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐MS/MS) method that employs a chemoenzymatically synthesized 13C‐labeled lyase‐derived authentic HA disaccharide calibrant for quantification of HA at the nanogram level. The method was validated against three HA polysaccharides with the sizes of ~33, 210, and 540 kDa. We applied this quantification technique to mouse tissues and plasma from both healthy and acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury mice. Our data revealed a ~75‐fold increase in HA concentration in the liver of acetaminophen‐injured mice with a concomitant depletion from plasma. Overall, our method offers a robust, universal, and highly sensitive tool for HA analysis in diverse biological samples that will advance the investigation of the roles of this polysaccharide in human disease conditions.
On the Photosensitizer Activity From Psoralen in Lipid and Aqueous Media: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Couttolenc Alan , Jerezano Alberto V. , Espinoza César , Medina Manuel E.
Published: November 2024

The photosensitizer mechanism by the psoralen (PSO) reacts to produce reactive oxygen species has not been thoroughly studied; thus, this work was carried out a study of the reaction and mechanism involved in the photosensitizer activity of PSO, employing M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) of the density functional theory. There is a competition between the generation of radical anion superoxide (type I mechanism) and the singlet oxygen molecule (type II mechanism) in lipid media; therefore, the ROS anion superoxide and singlet oxygen could be formed as products of the reaction involved in the photosensitizer activity of PSO in lipid media. In aqueous media, the reaction involved in the photosensitizer activity of PSO was only attributed to the type I mechanism; hence, in aqueous media, the photosensitizer activity of PSO yielded the anion superoxide. The present study supports the photosensitizer activity of the PSO in lipid and aqueous media. It enhances the knowledge of these reactions in different media and their application to reactivity, including the physiology media.
Resistive Heating and Thermal Decomposition of an Additively Manufacturable Electrically Conductive Explosive
Authors: Chapman Wesley W. , Young Garon M. , Montoya Gabriel A. , Salyer Terry R. , Son Steven F.
Published: November 2024

The ability to transmit electrical signals through high explosive charges without using dense metal conductors could enable continuous monitoring of explosive charges with internally embedded sensors. With the sensor materials themselves being energetic, the impact on the intended detonation performance of the charge can be minimized. Embedded sensors enable real time, in‐situ measurements of conditions relevant to ageing assessments. Additionally, dynamic material property sensing can provide detonation performance data, enabling measurement of dynamic shock position. One proposed method to allow for electronic signal transfer through high explosives is to use electrically conductive explosive composites consisting of an electrically conductive polymer binder mixed with high explosive crystals. These conductive energetic pathways also serve as independently reactive elements and can provide additional functionality via dynamic sensor removal through resistive heating and subsequent decomposition. This work discusses the resistive heating of a previously developed, poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) based, electrically conductive extrudable explosive composite. Experimental samples of the conductive explosive material were subjected to a range of direct current applications and the resulting heating and decomposition of the material is discussed.
Control efficacy of Bt‐Cry1Ab maize (event DBN9936) against Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: He Limei , Zhou Yatao , Wu Wenxian , Wang Ling , Yang Qichang , Liang Gemei , Wu Kongming
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is a major pest restricting maize production in Asia. The Chinese government has approved the commercial planting of Bt‐Cry1Ab maize (event DBN9936), but its control potential against the ACB in southern regions remains unclear. This study evaluated the sensitivity of ACB to Cry1Ab protein expressed in Bt‐Cry1Ab maize and determined the control efficacy of Bt‐Cry1Ab maize against the ACB in Sichuan Province, a major maize‐producing region in southern China, based on pilot planting in the field, and larval feeding bioassays in the field and laboratory.

RESULT

The Cry1Ab protein contents in different tissues of Bt‐Cry1Ab maize ranged from 31.20–88.27 μg g−1. The range of median lethal concentrations (LC50) and median growth inhibitory concentration (GIC50) values of Cry1Ab protein expressed in Bt‐Cry1Ab maize against ACB larvae were 0.036–0.109 μg mL−1 and 0.002–0.018 μg mL−1, respectively. The first and fourth instar ACB larvae were unable survive feeding on different tissues of Bt‐Cry1Ab maize plants. Field experiments conducted from 2023 to 2024 indicated that the number of ACB larvae per 100 plants, plant damage rate, leaf damage rate, male ear damage rate, female ear damage rate, and stalk damage rate in the Bt‐Cry1Ab maize fields were reduced by 95.36% ± 2.17%, 83.98% ± 1.73%, 89.45% ± 1.50%, 100.00% ± 0.00%, 69.79% ± 4.88% and 100.00% ± 0.00%, respectively, compared to conventional maize fields.

CONCLUSION

The ACB population in Sichuan Province, China is sensitive to Cry1Ab expressed in Bt‐Cry1Ab maize (event DBN993). Planting Bt‐Cry1Ab maize efficiently reduces the population of ACB larvae and the percentage of damaged maize plants, and has great application potential in the integrated pest management of the ACB in Sichuan Province, China. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus infection alters the reflectance profile in asymptomatic citrus plants
Authors: Vieira Julia GA , Santana Emile DR , Conceição Fagner G , Iost Filho Fernando Henrique , de Pazini Juliano B , Rodrigues Roberta , Yamamoto Pedro T
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Huanglongbing (HLB) is the primary and most destructive disease affecting citrus, caused by a pathogen transmitted by an insect vector, Diaphorina citri. There are no curative methods for the disease, and rapid and accurate methods are needed for early detection in the field, even before symptoms appear. These will facilitate the faster removal of infected trees, preventing the spread of the bacteria through commercial citrus orchards.

RESULTS

It was possible to determine ranges of hyperspectral bands that demonstrated significant differences in relative reflectance between treatments consisting of healthy and infected plants from the first days of evaluation, when plants infected with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) were still in the asymptomatic stage of the disease. From the Week 2 of evaluation [58 days after infection (DAI) of plants] until the last week, spectral differences were detected in the red edge region (660–750 nm). From the Week 6 onwards (86 DAI), spectral differences between healthy and symptomatic plants were observed in bands close to the visible region (520–680 nm).

CONCLUSION

Spectral differences were detected in the leaves of C. sinensis infected by CLas before the appearance of symptoms, making it feasible to use the hyperspectral sensor to monitor the disease. Our results indicate the need for future studies to validate the use of hyperspectral sensors for managing and detecting HLB in commercial citrus orchards, contributing to the integrated management of the disease. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols in Cellular Reversal of Patho‐Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Samal Monalisha , Srivastava Varsha , Khan Muzayyana , Insaf Areeba , Penumallu Naveen Reddy , Alam Aftab , Parveen Bushra , Ansari Shahid Hussain , Ahmad Sayeed
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered one of the most common neurological conditions associated with memory and cognitive impairment and mainly affects people aged 65 or above. Even with tremendous progress in modern neuroscience, a permanent remedy or cure for this crippling disease is still unattainable. Polyphenols are a group of naturally occurring potent compounds that can modulate the neurodegenerative processes typical of AD. The present comprehensive study has been conducted to find out the preclinical and clinical potential of polyphenols and elucidate their possible mechanisms in managing AD. Additionally, we have reviewed different clinical studies investigating polyphenols as single compounds or cotherapies, including those currently recruiting, completed, terminated, withdrawn, or suspended in AD treatment. Natural polyphenols were systematically screened and identified through electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus based on in vitro cell line studies and preclinical data demonstrating their potential for neuroprotection. A total of 63 significant polyphenols were identified. A multimechanistic pathway for polyphenol's mode of action has been proposed in the study. Out of 63, four potent polyphenols have been identified as promising potential candidates, based on their reported clinical efficacy. Polyphenols hold tremendous scope for the development of a future drug molecule as a phytopharmaceutical that may be incorporated as an adjuvant to the therapeutic regime. However, more high‐quality studies with novel delivery methods and combinatorial approaches are required to overcome obstacles such as bioavailability and blood–brain barrier crossing to underscore the therapeutic potential of these compounds in AD management.
Split‐plot experiments with replicated runs in pharmaceutical synthesis
Authors: Otava Martin , Mylona Kalliopi
Published: November 2024

Restricted randomised designs are essential in the pharmaceutical synthesis due to the operational restrictions and their cost‐effectiveness compared to entirely randomised designs. Specifically, the split‐plot designs are very effective in reducing the cost of an experiment in the presence of hard‐to‐change factors and/or of multi‐stage processes. In classical designs, replicated runs for pure‐error estimation are commonly employed, but they are rarely used in the more complex setting of restricted randomisation. The reason is that, in practice, experiments in industry rarely can follow all the assumptions/conditions that are included in the methodological papers. In this work, we demonstrate how a split‐plot design based on a Bayesian ‐optimality criterion built to ensure more precise pure‐error estimation of the variance components can be easily adapted to fit the additional needs, the speedy implementation and the restrictions that a real case scenario in industry often imposes. We focus on the practical aspect of how to modify the complex design in a way that keeps/improves the desired qualities and on how to assess impact of changes that are more arbitrary.