bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Building modelling Reconstruction for Sustainable Safeguarding Native Malay Urban Architectural in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Noor Norzailawati , Afiq Aiman Abdullah Ahmad , Abdullah Alias
Published: July 2020

Documentary works through the three dimensional reconstruction are the key part of our documentation system for cultural heritage conservation. It preserve and safeguarding all the visual information in order to provide access to future generations is at the core of the work of libraries globally. This paper attempt to reconstruct 3D GIS modelling for an indigenous Malay cities based on urban traditional settlement urban forms element known as building. Four building aspects of Malay settlements have been demonstrated at the selected genuine old traditional Malay settlement located at Kota Bahru Malaysia. 3D building Modelling has been performed based on building footprint that has been obtained from the data collected through integration of photogrammetry and GIS approach. The process of reconstruction animated urban features based on four main building aspects consist of height, surface, façade and location of the Malay settlements. The finding shows that, the elements of urban form based on building aspects has been proven as a part of basic fundamental to recognize the pattern of native Malay urban architectural and its clearly proven through the 3D GIS Modelling reconstruction that has been performed through both approached of drone and laser scanning data processing. This work in other way shows the effectiveness of geospatial data in safeguarding our cultural heritage simultaneously supporting the mission of sustainable goals developments in local and global.
Assessment and comparison of landslide susceptibility at open-pit mines in North Korea using GIS
Authors: Myeongchan Oh , Yang Aran , Koo YoungHyun , Park Hyeong-Dong
Published: July 2020

North Korea has abundant mineral resources and a significant number of mines, however, their infrastructures need to be renewed because they are old and inefficient. Before constructing new infrastructures or renovating existing ones near the mines, it is essential to assess the landslide susceptibility. Satellite images and digital elevation map (DEM) could be an effective tool to estimate landslide risk. In this study, the slope stabilities of five open-pit mines in North Korea are assessed from satellite images from ArcGIS basemap, ASTER GDEM and DIVA-GIS data. Landslide susceptibility and dangerous area are assessed using GIS analysis tools such as slope and aspect. From these multi-criteria GIS analysis, relative slope stabilities and landslide susceptibilities of each mine are estimated and compared. This study is expected to be utilized as fundamental information when planning for the development of infrastructures near the open-pit mines in North Korea.
SeaDataNet, an enhanced ocean data infrastructure giving services to scientists and society
Authors: Pecci L , Fichaut M , Schaap D
Published: July 2020

Access to reliable and harmonised, large quantity of data has become a key topic in different fields, especially in the oceanographic sector where the cost of data sampling is very high. A huge amount of high quality marine data not only provides a basis for estimating the likelihood of occurrence of various kinds of environmental problems, but also helps to make relevant decisions about potential uses of the oceans such as renewable-energy development, aquaculture, etc. Thus, it is important to collect and make available high quality and interoperable ocean and marine observations, both at local and at global scale over several years, this is the main objective of the SeaDataNet e-infrastructure.
Unlock and use EO/geospatial data for SDG by empowering stakeholder engagement in a transformed society
Authors: Remetey-Fülöpp Gábor , Mihály Szabolcs , Palya Tamás , Zentai László , Hargitai Péter , Iván Gyula
Published: July 2020

The mission goal of the Working Group for Sustainable Development Goals (WG4SDG) of the Hungarian Society of Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (MFTTT) is to promote the use of the steadily developed Earth observation (EO) and geospatial data infrastructures (SDI) and services – considering as base elements of the Digital Earth concept -as supportive tools for many of the SDGs-related indicator monitoring and reporting. The engagement of the stakeholders from government, academia/education, private sector/industry and learned societies is a key issue also on national level. It is anticipated, the link with the forum of the EO industry represented by the Hungarian Space Cluster HUNSPACE will leverage the experiences of the EO and SDI communities. Similarly, the connection with the national geographic information (GI) association HUNAGI and international societies such as FIG, ISPRS, ICA and ISDE are vital for knowledge transfer.
Quick and low-cost high resolution remote sensing using UAV and aircraft to address initial stage of disaster response
Authors: Sugita S , Fukui H , Inoue H , Asahi Y , Furuse Y
Published: July 2020

The experiments of aerial photogrammetry using UAV and aircraft are demonstrated to compare their performance and resolution. Instruments used for the aircraft photogrammetry is commercial product digital camera. This is much lower-cost than professional photogrammetry instruments, however the results shows enough quality for information gathering in the initial stage of disaster response. On the other hand, The UAV aerial photo sharing web system “UAV oblique photo browser” has been newly developed as a light weight and simple system that is useful in the initial stage of disaster response.
Mapping impact of urbanization in Shahat-Cyrene (Libya) using a big SAR data approach of change detection with COSMO-SkyMed time series
Authors: Tapete D , Cigna F
Published: July 2020

Uncontrolled and unregulated urbanization around the modern town of Shahat, Libya, has been reported by several studies as a pressing issue for the conservation of archaeological heritage in the cultural landscape south of Cyrene UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS). In this paper, we implemented a big Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data analysis approach on a selection of more than 180 StripMap images that the Italian Space Agency (ASI)’s COSMO-SkyMed constellation has consistently collected at 3-m resolution over Cyrene since 2011, as part of its background acquisition scenario. We prove the accuracy of the method to map the spatial and temporal spread of new building and road blocks using COSMO-SkyMed SAR data, and its complementarity with the mapping based on the full archive of cloud-free Copernicus Sentinel-2 multi-spectral imagery at 10-m resolution (2015-2017). Owing to the higher spatial resolution and half-month frequency of observation of COSMO-SkyMed, we better delineated the new urban features and estimated more precisely when these were developed across the landscape.
EUMETSAT – Effective Search and Access APIs for EO Data to Knowledge Value Chains
Authors: Voges Uwe , Schick Michael , Einspanier Udo , Pace Gaetano
Published: July 2020

The EUMETSAT Data Services Roadmap included the implementation of an EO OnLine Data Access (OLDA) service offering search, discovery, visualization and access of EO products. conterra/N52 (part of a consortium led by CGI) have developed OpenSearch-EO- and REST-based Web API´s to browse, search and discover the products which are stored in a cloud-based storage system. The data is indexed for searching based on extended ISO/OGC metadata.
Big-Data-Driven Resource Discipline Innovation Platform and Application Scenarios
Authors: Juanle Wang , Xuehua Han , Kun Bu , Jianghao Wang , Haishuo Wei , Kai Cheng
Published: July 2020

Based on the development of resource disciplines and their conformity with the demand of sustainable development, this paper analyzes the framework of a big-data-driven resource discipline innovation platform, as well as big data-driven scenarios with the application of typical resource discipline scientific research activities. The three typical application scenarios of this paper are as follows: (1) the ecological risk prevention and control of traffic and pipelines in the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor; (2) a resource and environmental carrying capacity assessment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei; and (3) a big-data-driven panoramic evaluation of beautiful China.
Impact of within family variation on growth superiority of improved seeds of Eucalyptus pellita observed in genetic gain trial
Authors: Handayani B R , Sunarti S , Nirsatmanto A , Setyaji T , Kartikaningtyas D , Surip S
Published: July 2020

Progenies from two seedling seed orchards (SSO) consisting of the same families could perform different growths. Concerning this fact, improved seeds of Eucalyptus pellita collected from two SSOs based primarily on the same families and provenances were tested together in a genetic gain trial. The study aims to observe the impact of within family seed trees in two SSOs on growth superiority of the improved seeds. The trial was established in Wonogiri, Central Java and laid out in randomized complete block design with three seed sources: SSO-A,SSO-B and one seed stand (as control), 100 trees/plot, 4 replications and 4x1.5mspacing. Measurements were conducted at seven periodical times (16 months up to 66 months of ages). Improved seeds from the two SSOs displayed better growths than that from seed stand at all measurements. The growth superiority of SSO over the control varied among the two SSO. SSO-A showed consistently higher superiority relativelythanSSO-B, on average of 110%, 236%, 122% and 165% in height, dbh, stem volume, and stand volume, respectively. The results demonstrated the importanceof within family variation of E. pellita in establishing seed orchard for seed production and further breeding.
Genetic diversity of Shorea producing tengkawang populations in Kalimantan based on SSR markers
Authors: Sulistyawati P , Widyatmoko AYPBC , Maharani R
Published: July 2020

Shorea producing tengkawang grows naturally in Indonesia, however several species are now listed in the IUCN as endangered species. Their presences in natural forests arebecoming scarce so that it requires conservation efforts such as the construction of ex- situ conservation plots. This research aims to obtain data and information about the genetic diversity structure of several species of Shorea producing tengkawang. The material used was leaf samples from 11 (eleven) populations consisting of 4 (four) species of Shorea producing tengkawang. The method used 4 pairs of microsatellite DNA markers (SSR), and data analysis used POPGENE and GenAleX. The results show various genetic distances between populations, ranging from 0.028 to 1.510 with the value of genetic diversity in the population larger (72%) than among the populations (28%). Genetic diversity in the population ranges from 0.5269 - 0.8244. Cluster analysis shows that the existing Shorea producing Tengkawang population does not form a specific grouping. This genetic diversity information can be used as the basic data for the development of Shorea producing tengkawang ex-situ conservation plots.
Seed Source Potential and In Situ Conservation of Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc) In PT. Arara Abadi, Riau, Sumatera
Authors: Haryjanto L , Putri A I , Prastyono  , Herawan T , Fauzi M A , Priatna D , Herdyantara B , Hidayat S , Johannes  , Hidayatas
Published: July 2020

Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc.) is one of Indonesian wood species with high economic value. Kulim wood is widely used for house construction, bridges and shipbuilding, while its fruit is used for cooking for its garlicy fragrance. Unfortunately, this species is currently rare in the wild due to habitat disturbance. Re-planting efforts require good quality seeds which can be collected from designated seed sources. The aim of this study was to identify the potential of Kulim stand in the arboretum of PT. Arara Abadi, Riau which covers 26.2 ha. Data collected from the site include tree height, diameter, geographic position as well as stand conditions. Total of 152 individual trees (121 trees, 23 poles, 5 saplings and 2 seedlings) were found in the area of study. The area is accessible, relatively safe from interference and well managed. The quality of the stands is quite good with no significant attack from pests or diseases. Fruits, seedlings and saplings were also found in the forest floor. The stand is therefore appropriate to be designated as Identified Seed Stand of Kulim based on the criteria of regulation concerning implementation of forest seeds. This stand can also be reserved as an insitu conservation area of Kulim.
Technological Innovation of Muna Teak and Its Contribution Toward the Improvement of the Social Economy in Muna District
Authors: Desmiwati  , Zanzibar M. , Panjaitan Jonny H , Yuniarti Naning , Yulianti  , Damayanti Ratna U
Published: July 2020

Muna Teak is known for its good quality wood and beautiful fiber. At present, remaining teak forests in Muna Regency are very limited due to the high level of degradation. This circumtance can drive the extinction of the genetic resources of Muna Teak. Therefore the efforts for reforestation of Muna Teak is needed continuously. The acceleration of reforesting Muna with teak requires innovation and new breakthrough, one of them is by increasing genetic diversity and producing superior clones by mutation techniques. What and how the innovations carried out and their impact on the community of teak farming farmers in Muna Regency are the questions and objectives of this research. This is qualitative research and the results are analyzed descriptively. Data collection carried out were interviews with questionnaires, depth interviews, field observations and literature studies. The results show that the use of technological innovation on Muna Teak by conducting breeding mutations, vegetative mass propagation, tissue culture and applying intensive silviculture techniques were able to accelerate harvest time, produce the highest quality wood and raise the selling prices. At the beginning of the planting period farmers can practice the intercropping system until the third year so that it can improve their socio-economic conditions
Flammability and Mechanical Properties of Arenga Pinnata Fibre/PET Reinforced Epoxy for Fire Retardant Composites
Authors: Suriani M. J. , Ruzaidi C.M. , Nair D.S.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of magnesium hydroxide burning rate, mechanical properties and surface morphology analysis of Arenga pinnata fibre hybrid with polyester yarn (APF/PET) reinforced epoxy composite with the addition of magnesium hydroxide as flame retardant. The composites were prepared with different amount of fibres (i.e. 0%, 20%, 35% and 50% by weight percent) and two constant material of 5% which are the magnesium hydroxide and the polyester yarn with epoxy resin as the matrix. With the incorporation of the flame retardant the horizontal burning rate of APF/PET reinforced epoxy decreased with the amount of 35% APF. The fibre loading increased to 50% as the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite decreased which due to the lack of interfacial bonding between the fibres and matrix. Surface morphology studies through scanning electron microscopy showed the similar distribution of Arenga pinnata fibres and matrix with less adhesion which reduce the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites.
Corrosion Inhibition and Antifouling Performance of Epoxy Coating Functionalized with PEDOT: PSS-Cerium Doped Zinc Oxide Hybrid Composites
Authors: Abdullah W.R.W. , Ibrahim N.F. , Arifin S.N.S.M. , Ruzaidi C.M. , Sabri M.G.M.
Published: July 2020

Steel corrosion and biofouling have adverse impacts on various high-end engineering applications including, in biomedical and maritime industries. Smart functional polymer coatings have been developed to simultaneously control corrosion and prevent biofouling problems on steels. In this study, translucent epoxy coatings loaded with 1, 3, and 5 wt% of functional hybrid composite (HC) microparticles were formulated. The HC particles contained cerium doped ZnO encapsulated in conductive poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) polymer at mixing ratio of 3:1. The effects of HC composition towards the corrosion inhibition and antifouling properties of the coating were evaluated. The microstructure and composition analyses were performed by using SEM and EDX techniques. The anticorrosion performance of the coating films deposited on stainless steel (SS 316 L) substrates was evaluated by using the Potentiodynamic Polarization (PP) technique. The antifouling characteristics of the coatings were investigated by performing the antimicrobial susceptibility test and a series of photodegradation test in medium containing ∼108 CFU/ml of bacteria under UV light in 180 minutes. The findings revealed that the presence of PEDOT:PSS-Ce doped ZnO HC increased the barrier properties of the epoxy matrix on SS 316 L against corrosion. The corrosion inhibition properties increased with increasing HC composition. The formulated coatings also exhibited antifouling effects against bacteria. The Gram positive-S. aureus exhibited susceptibility against the coating whereas the Gram negative – S. aureus showed resistant. The coatings demonstrated photocatalytic properties under UV light irradiation and capable of inactivating <99% of bacteria in less than 180 min. The epoxy coating functionalized with 5wt% HC exhibited the highest corrosion inhibition performance (corrosion rate of 0.0001 mm/year) and excellent antifouling effects against selected bacteria.
Effect of Waste Tire Dust on the Hardness and Wear Rate of Palm Slag Friction Composites
Authors: Ruzaidi C. M. , Khoni N. A. A. , Suriani M. J. , Abdullah W. R. W. , Abdullah M. M. A.
Published: July 2020

Palm slag in previous studies has proven to have the potential to be used as alternative filler in friction composite. However, the reported hardness is still high and not within the proper range and might cause damage to the disc brakes. As is well known, the good damping, soft and flexible nature of rubber, being the main reason for waste tire dust to be selected as an additive to reduce or moderate the hardness of friction palm slag composite. Weight percentage and the filler size of waste tire dust used are the main parameters considered in this research paper. The hardness and wear rate of the friction composite produced are measured. The result revealed that friction composite with ratio of palm slag/waste tire dust (30/10) and the highest filler size (>600 µm) give a moderate hardness with better wear rate which comparable with the commercial brake pad used. Morphological view also give a prove that the worn surface of composite have less wear defects. Overall the used of waste tire dust can improve the hardness and wear rate properties of palm slag friction composites in order to become alternative for non-asbestos brake pads.
The Incorporation of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Concentration and CaO-Si Components on Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Geopolymers.
Authors: Hakem Aziz Ikmal , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh Mohd , Victor Sandu Andrei
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates the incorporation of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration and CaO-Si component on ground granulated blast furnace slag geopolymers (GGBFS). An optimal mechanical property of GGBFS with various NaOH concentrations had been determined by performing a number of compressive strength tests. It was found that GGBFS with 10M NaOH concentration resulted in high compressive strength at 65.31 MPa after 28 days curing. The microstructure analysis of the GGBFS geopolymers using SEM and FTIR revealed the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (Ca5Si6O16(OH)2.4H2O) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) phase within the geopolymer backbone chain. The optimum NaOH concentration allows the acceptable formation of CaO-Si bond on the GGBFS geopolymers main structure and thus leads to optimum compressive strength.
Thermal Exposure of Fly Ash-Metakaolin Blend Geopolymer with Addition of Monoaluminum Phosphate (MAP)
Authors: Zulkifly Khairunnisa , Cheng-Yong Heah , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Hussin Kamarudin
Published: July 2020

Recent research reveals that formulation of blended geopolymers based on the association of two aluminosilicate precursors had a better performance than one precursor geopolymers. This study presents a facile method to enhance the compressive strength of fly ash-metakaolin blend geopolymer by incorporating monoaluminum phosphate (MAP) during the geopolymerization reaction. The effect of the thermal exposure on the microstructure and compressive strength of the geopolymer are investigated. Results show that the MAP is transformed to granule structures, bonded and surrounded by geopolymer gel. The unique microstructure increases the compressive strength of the room temperature curing geopolymer from 54.7 MPa to 64.21 MPa (14.8%) with an optimum addition of 1.0 wt% MAP. This enhancement in compressive strength was ensured by the formation of an amorphous structure of aluminosilicophosphate (SiO2.Al2O3.P2O5.nH2O) phase. At higher temperatures, the formation of stable crystalline phase of berlinite and nepheline contribute to strength retention of the geopolymer. Hereby, it can be concluded that the addition of 1.0wt% MAP in the geopolymer reinforced the structure.
Market Surveillance of Filtering Facepiece (FFP)of Respirator Protective Equipment (RPE): Malaysian Perspectives
Authors: Osman Baderin , Leman A.M , Razif Noraini N.M , Afizi Shuaib Norshah
Published: July 2020

Filtering Facepieces (FFPs) are commonly use as personal protective equipment (PPE). It is disposable Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE). Basically it is used for protection against dusts, particles and aerosols. Available in 3 classes FFP1, FFP2 and FFP3. Various Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) offered in Malaysia’s market today are not being controlled and monitored by expert bodies and authorities. This has led to various perceptions among the users, especially on the quality and safety and health features of the products offered by different companies. This situation also makes it difficult for users to decide appropriate RPE based on quality and standard compliance. The tendency of consumers to choose RPE is mainly based on the price but not the technical aspect of RPE. Hence, the RPE they purchased not necessary enhance user protection, as there is no guidance available to assist user before they purchase the most appropriate RPE. This study describes market surveillance testing of FFP2 respirator from 30 different brand in Malaysia. The objective is to determine performance requirements required by the Malaysia standard. 3 types of testing were used on this study Filter Penetration, Breathing Resistance and Carbon Dioxide Content. All testing was carried out based on Malaysia Standard; MS 2323:2010 and MS2553:2014.All 30 sample were passed the breathing resistance and carbon dioxide content except 10 brand was failed the filter penetration testing. It is noticed that the user and consumer should aware with their PPE basic requirement.
Effect of Oxygen Carrier and Reaction Temperature in Enhancing the Epoxy Ring Stability in the Epoxidation of Palm Kernel Oil
Authors: Mohd Zin N. , Jamaludin S K , Hassan H. , Wan Zuraida , Nur Fadzeelah A.K. , Mohd Sukri S.
Published: July 2020

Palm kernel oil (PKO) naturally composed of lauric, myristic and oleic acid. Oleic acid is one of the unsaturated fatty acids that has double bond in its chain. This double bond can be altered into epoxide acid by epoxidation reaction. This study investigated the effect of oxygen carriers and reaction temperature in epoxidation of palm kernel oil. The result showed that formic acid is the best oxygen carrier with the maximum conversion to oxirane (RCO) of 60.59% under optimum temperature of 55°C. The formation of epoxide from palm kernel oil was confirmed by FTIR analysis which shows the functional groups of epoxide ring at 2922.12 cm−1, 1742.74 cm−1 and 650.4 cm−1.
Implication of Soil-Structure Interaction on Deteriorate Existing Frames in Penang
Authors: Ramadzan Md Kassim Tahara , Majid Taksiah A.
Published: July 2020

Soil-structure interaction (SSI) is often disregarded to reduce difficulties in analyses. Thus, most of analyses adopted rigid foundation despite ignoring SSI could lead to inaccurate response. Current study investigates the influence of SSI on low-to medium-rise existing frames considering non-seismic loading. A multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) is performed at several locations in Penang to obtain shear wave velocity of local site conditions. The frames are modelled with rigid and flexible (soil flexibility) and analyzed using nonlinear static analysis. Each of the frames is subjected with seismic zone factor to predict the seismic response using Acceleration-Displacement Response Spectra (ADRS) concept. A flexible base elongated the period mainly under soft soil (soil E), increasing by up to 6.27%, 9.44%, and 4.12% for 3-, 6-, and 16-story frames, respectively. The frames that considered SSI experienced degradation of their capacity curve, strength, and stiffness. Under a dissimilar seismic zone factor, low-story frames achieved high demand, whereas high-story frames delivered maximum displacement is observed.
Geopolymer Ceramic as Piezoelectric Materials: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Romisuhani , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Mastura Wan Ibrahim Wan , Mahyiddin Ramli Mohd , Victor Sandhu Andrei , Aida Mohd Mortar Nurul , Wazien Ahmad Zailani Warid
Published: July 2020

Diverse application for geopolymer so called inorganic polymer have been expanded as potential to continue growing at a realistic rate where the properties, processing tolerance and economical are comparable with the existing materials. An aluminosilicate inorganic polymer can be produced at low temperature under highly alkali conditions from a solid aluminosilicate and an alkali silicate solution. The conversion of amorphous to semi-crystalline behaviour of geopolymer into crystalline phases upon heating make the method be an alternate way in producing ceramic materials. For another application related to high temperature packaging and enclosure of electronical devices, piezoelectric behavior turn out to be important properties to the geopolymer ceramic materials. This paper summarize the review on the important research findings on the basic geopolymer systems, current knowledge of geopolymer ceramic, and outline potential piezoelectric effect on ceramic materials.
A Part-Of-Speech Tagging Approach for Chinese-Hmong Mixed Text
Authors: Li Hang-Cheng , Mo Li-Ping , Qing Zhou Kai
Published: July 2020

Part-of-speech (POS) tagging is a basic problem that needs to be solved in the informationization of Chinese-Hmong mixed text including square Hmong characters, so far no one has studied it. This paper proposes a POS tagging approach for Chinese-Hmong mixed text by utilizing improved Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to expand contextual information. The results of comparative experiments based on cross-validation reveal the proposed approach has perfect performance, and is able to obtain tagging results with good consistency and high coverage.
Hybrid of Hierarchical and Partitional Clustering Algorithm for Gene Expression Data
Authors: Raja Kumaran Shamini , Shahizan Othman Mohd , Mi Yusuf Lizawati
Published: July 2020

Microarray analysis able to monitor thousands of gene expression data, however, to elucidate the hidden patterns in the data is a complex process. These gene expression data show its imprecision, noise and vagueness due to its high dimensional properties. There are a handful of clustering algorithms have been proposed to extract the important information from the gene expression data. However, identifying the underlying biological knowledge of the data is still hard. To acknowledge these issues, clustering algorithms are used to reduce the data complexity. In this article, hybrid of agglomerative hierarchical clustering and modified k-medoids (partitional clustering) are proposed. Application of the proposed of clustering algorithms to group the genes that have similar functionality which might assist pre-processing procedures. In order to emphasize the quality of the clustering results, cluster quality index (CQI) is determined. Lung and ovary data sets used and the method retrieved a fair clustering with CQI, 0.37 and 0.48 respectively. This research contributes by avoiding biasness toward genes and provide true sense of clustering output using the advantage of hierarchical and partitional clustering methods.
Development of Tic-Tac-Toe Game Using Heuristic Search
Authors: Zain AM , Chai CW , Goh CC , Lim BJ , Low CJ , Tan SJ
Published: July 2020

Tic-tac-toe is a fun game played by two players. Before starting the game, a 3x3 square grid is formed using two vertical and two horizontal lines. The player who succeeds in placing three of their marks in a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row is the winner. In this study, we develop a computer program where a player can challenge artificial intelligent heuristic approach (opponent) to win the game. We want to prove that artificial intelligent heuristic approach enables in giving a great performance for development of tic-tac-toe game.
Competencies of Quantity Surveyors in Construction Industry: Document Reviews from Different Quantity Surveyor Professional Bodies
Authors: Nur Aishah Mohd Noor Siti , Uzairiah Mohd Tobi Siti , Radin Salim Kamilah
Published: July 2020

Competencies are the process of equipping professional needs and skillsets, which allows a profession to take responsibility for a prescribed body of knowledge. It started by determining the fundamental range of competencies that the professional able to understand and then applying the competencies in the right areas. Quantity Surveyors who work in the construction industry are also not left behind in having specific competencies while delegating their profession as cost and contract advisor in the construction projects. The objective of this paper is to review guidelines and policies regarding Quantity Surveyor competency from different professional bodies governing the Quantity Surveyors profession locally and globally. The document works as a process in evaluating documents where, eventually, produced empirical knowledge and developed understanding. The data obtained from this document analysis will help the researcher to come out with a conceptual model to be used in the mixed-method research approach later. The conclusion summarises that from six professional bodies governing the Quantity Surveyors profession, each professional body emphasized the competencies to be divided into a sub-category of mandatory skills, core competency, and optional competencies.
Effect of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Composite
Authors: Shanmugam Devi sri , Soo Jin Tan
Published: July 2020

Composite is commonly used today attributed to the distinctive characteristics that can be acquired from the mixture of the components in them. However, as time passes on, our globe is heading towards providing green technology for the sector to use environmentally friendly methods. In this study, Fly Ash geopolymer is used as filler, in the production of LDPE / FA composite, to be inserted in a low-density polyethylene matrix. To enhance bonding between the fly ash filler and the LDPE matrix, alkali activator therapy with the use of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate at the molarity of NaOH is in range of 12M and the ratio for fly ash to alkali activator is about 2.0. In this research properties of these composites are investigate using tensile test, morphology analysis, thermal properties and infrared spectrum analysis, FTIR. The result found that the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the composite increased with increasing of filler loading but the percentage of elongation decrease due to filler loading increase while fly ash filler show the interfacial adhesion on LDPE matrix as evidenced by images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and this also proved by FTIR spectra explain that LDPE/FA charged with SiO which is fly ash composed with silica. Moreover, thermal properties explain that fly ash interface reaction which can change to amorphous crystallization during the temperature increase.
Physical and Mechanical Analysis of Paddy Leaves Charcoal Briquettes
Authors: Zulaika Salleh Morgan Noor , Zainuddin Firuz , Nuzul Fadzli Syed Adam Syed
Published: July 2020

Paddy leaves can be used to make charcoal briquettes and good as renewable energy sources. The charcoal briquettes were pressed at a pressure range of 50 – 90 bars using the cold press machine. This paper reports the physical and mechanical properties of charcoal briquettes produced from paddy leaves. The moisture content of paddy leaves charcoal briquettes was calculated after dried in an oven at 80°C until the briquettes reached a constant weight. Then, the paddy leaves charcoal briquettes were subjected to the Compression Test with a maximum load capacity of 500kg and crosshead speed of 0.305 mm/min until the briquettes came to a failure as for the investigation of its compressive strength. The average moisture content of paddy leaves charcoal briquettes were in the range of 7-8%. The lowest value of moisture content was 7.32%, recorded by CB5 charcoal briquette sample which, contributed to the highest value of its compressive strength. Its compressive strength was 2.176 MPa. The investigation showed that CB5 was the best charcoal briquette, and the compressive strength was affected by the moisture content in the paddy leaves charcoal briquettes.
Effect of Uncarbonized and Carbonized Eggshell Powder on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Recycled High Density Polyethylene/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Blend Composites
Authors: Hanif M. P. M. , Jalilah A. J. , Naqiuddin M. R. M.
Published: July 2020

The blend composites of recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) were prepared by melt blending technique at 160 °C with rotor speed of 50 rpm within 10 minutes. Based on Fatimah et al. study[1], the optimum ratio rHDPE/EVA at 70/30 were studied and prepared for different loading of uncarbonized (fresh) and carbonized eggshell powder (5 to 25 wt%). The ESP was collected, washed, crushed, and sieved to obtained size 63 µm by method Farahana et al,.[2]. But she founded that, the mechanical properties reduced with incorporation of ESP filler. Nowadays, carbonized natural filler are the focus of some researchers and the CESP was undergoing a combustion process for 3 hours at 700 °C with air combustion via muffle furnace. The result showed tensile properties decreased with increasing filler loading for both fillers. Then, the mass swell percentage after 46 hours soaked in dichloromethane, the results showed an increment of both fillers were increased the mass swell caused by the hydrophilic nature of fillers. The intensity ratio, interlayer spacing, and crystallinity percentage value decrease with increasing filler loading for both filler give better interaction between matrix and filler. The thermal stability increase for both filler with increasing filler loading. Overall, rHDPE/EVA/CESP blend composites had excellent properties with the addition of carbonized filler.
Improvement of Triple-Band Bandstop Filter Performances by using Parametric Analysis on Defected Ground Structure (DGS) and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Ceramic Reinforced Sn-0.7Cu
Authors: Shazuani Mahmud Farah , Shahrazel Razalli Mohammad , Fwen Hoon Wee
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the parametric analysis of the configuration defected ground structure (DGS) for triple-band bandstop filter is proposed. The defected ground structures are used to improve the selectivity and S-parameters losses of the bandstop filter response. The rectangular-shaped DGS are added to the ground of the band stop filter. Initially, the DGS is applied to the first resonator (at 2.45 GHz) of the BSF. Several positions of the DGS are simulated to obtain the best S-parameters and selectivity performances. The same method is implemented on the second and third resonators of the BSF to obtain better performance in S-parameters and selectivity. Finally, all three resonators with the best DGS position are combined into one BSF to obtain triple-band BSF frequency response. This filter is designed by using Roger 4003C with relative dielectric constant, = 3.38 and substrate thickness, H = 0.508 mm. The bandstop filter is modelled and simulated by using high frequency Electromagnetic Simulator (EM). Simulated result shows the insertion losses are, S21 = -23.2 dB (at 2.45 GHz), -16.7 dB (at 3.5 GHz) and -24.4 dB (at 5.2 GHz). The return losses are, S11 = -0.49 dB (at 2.45 GHz), -0.64 dB (at 3.5GHz), 0.49 dB (at 5.2 GHz). The results of different configurations of DGS is analysed and discussed.
Development of Safety and Health Culture of Construction Project Through Academic Institution and Industry Linkages on TVET Platform: A Proposed Study
Authors: Ahmad Razali Nazamuddin , Leman A.M. , Rahman K.A. , Afizi Shuaib Norshah
Published: July 2020

The increasing trend of occupational accident due to unsafe behavior and unsafe act especially in construction site suggests the need for more effective assessment model or framework towards a more proactive measure. The objective of this study is to development of safety and health culture of construction project through academic institution and industry linkages through Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) platform. The cooperation of employers and employees, together with the government agencies, Academic institution, public –private networking and the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) of Malaysia towards excellence safety culture and sustainable development. The review on construction industry and related issues, Institutional perspectives on safety climate, a systems approach to workforce development and Malaysia’s TVET developments is the key element of study and it is combination of several approaches. The framework of the study and flowchart were present to ensure the proposed study is ready to execute.
Analysis of feature representation in dictionary learning and sparse coding algortihms for low resolution image
Authors: Mun Ng Suit , Yazid Haniza
Published: July 2020

Super-Resolution (SR) is used to recover a high-resolution (HR) image from the image with low-resolution (LR). SR is important in the biometric identification and the face recognition is an area that bring attention to people. However, the performance of the current systems is affected by the resolution of the input images. Thus, this paper is focusing on the analysis of feature representations in dictionary learning and sparse coding methods for LR image. The input image is the Lena image in grey scale. A total number of 23 features were extracted from the image patches to develop different learned dictionaries using the k-singular value decomposition (k-SVD) algorithm. The denoised images were then produced by using the Douglas-Rachford algorithm. Most of the feature representations were able to produce a final image with Peak-to-Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Matric (SSIM) values of approximately 29 dB to 30 dB and 0.8300 to 0.8600 respectively. However, the denoised image produced with gradient direction obtained only 27.6676 dB and 0.7881 for PSNR and SSIM. Therefore, when different features were extracted for conducting the dictionary learning and sparse coding algorithm, denoised image with different PSNR and SSIM were produced at the end of the process.
A Review on Applications of Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Hassan N H , Zawawi M H , Mustafa Al Bakri A M , Rozainy Z M R , Kamaruddin M A , M Nasir W N Y W , Mazlan M A N , Irfan A R
Published: July 2020

Fluid dynamic field is frequently classified and designated into two which are hydrodynamics and aerodynamics. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has been exerted to many flow problems in a broad range. PIV application to the measurement of velocity distributions in fluid flow is represented by the Stokes number. PIV can be executed to practically for any sort of flow if the fluid is transparent to allow suspended particles image. The purpose of this paper is to present some examples of application of PIV in general cases. In the midst of numerous applications of PIV, turbulent flows are the most comprehensively demanding because of their three-dimensionality, naturally large ranges of length and unsteadiness. Sudden flow field measurements of PIV method can be applied for the demotion of turbulence quantities and mean velocities.
Influence of Thermal Aging on Lead-Free Solder Joints Reliability: A Review
Authors: May Shin Chang , Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh Mohd , Suriyani Che Halin Dewi
Published: July 2020

The handheld electronic products currently turning to high density, high performances, and multifunctionality, which sets higher demands on the solder joints reliability in electronic packaging. Because of environmental conscious towards Pb-containing solders, Pb-free solder get attracted wide attention in the electronic industry. Challenges of the Pb-free solders in the microelectronics device are the microstructural evolution influence the mechanical behavior of the solder reliability. This paper analyses a short overview on the progress of the study on the relationship between structure and property, and possible concerns regarding reliability of Pb-free solders joints. Furthermore, the measures to enhance the solder joint reliability are evaluated which contribute to a further theoretical foundation for the research on the solder joints reliability of electronic devices in service life.
Simulation Based Optimization of Thin Wall Injection Molding Parameter Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Rosli M. U. , Ahmad Termizi S. N. A. , Khor C. Y. , Nawi M. A. M. , Akmal Omar Ahmad , Ikman Ishak Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Abstract.Improper mold design or processing parameter setting could make a bad impact on the appearance of molded part. It becomes more challenging if the ratio of the part size compared with its wall thickness is greater. Process parameters such as mold and melt temperature, injection temperature including the cavity layout directly affect product quality and cost. It is a complex and difficult task to improve these multi parameters. The objective of this research is to determine optimum settings for processing parameters for a thin walled product by using Response Surface Methodology. Melting temperature, mold temperature, injection pressure and cavity layout are selected as processing parameters and Polyurethane material is selected for this research. Volumetric shrinkage and warpage are selected as the main quality criteria to be controlled respected with the product design specifications. As the result, optimum process parameter settings were mold temperature of 29.89°C, melting temperature of 220°C, and 181.30MPa injection pressure with ‘H’ branching cavity layout. With small differences error value between solution and simulation, 0.31% for volumetric shrinkage and 0.126% for warpage, the result was acceptable.
Decomposition of management processes in “Smart city”
Authors: Chelyshkov Pavel , Mokrova Nataliya
Published: July 2020

This article reviews the existing principles of the definition of “Smart city” approaches to the consideration of its elements (from users to physical processes) and their characteristics, approaches to mathematical description of management tasks to processes of socio-cyberphysical systems. The technological concept of creating modern megacities as the final set of functional multi-purpose components and the relationships between them are discussed. Impacts on the physical level, research methods for complex high-tech systems, and analysis of the problems of intellectualization of urban space are the basis for the development of smart cities. Proposed models and methods are widely used in managing the infrastructure of modern megacities.
Application of BIM in design conflict detection: a case study of Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Quan T , Luu Phuong Q , Ngo Yen V
Published: July 2020

Design conflict detection in construction projects is a very important task for ensuring the quality, time and cost. This job now has become more convenient due to the use of BIM. This paper proposes a process for BIM-based clash detection for introducing to the BIM practitioners in Vietnam. This process was then adopted in a complicated control house, which is a part of transformer station project in Vietnam, where the design was developed with 2D-CAD. The process discovered 36 design conflicts, including inconsistencies and geometric interferences. The results contribute as a proof-of-concept of BIM-based design conflict detection in Vietnam, where BIM is not very widely adopted.
Effect of superabsorbent polymer solutions on structure formation and properties of cement compositions
Authors: Inozemtcev Aleksandr , Korolev Evgeniy , Qui Duong Thanh
Published: July 2020

The development of compositions with a set of properties that are indifferent to the influence of the environment during the setting and hardening of the binder is an actual task for material science in connection with the evolution of 3D-printers in construction. The use of SAP solutions with delayed polymerization should provide the water reserve in the cement system for internal curing without loss of mobility of the mixture. An important condition is the establishment of “parity” concentrations of the polyacrylate solution at which sorption of water does not reduce the degree of cement hydration. Calorimetric and X-ray phase analyzes showed that the SAP solution in an amount of not more than 1.0 % by weight of Portland cement has a positive effect on the structure formation processes of cement stone. The formation of a more perfect crystalline structure of cement stone is observed. The SAP content of more than 1.5% by weight of Portland cement leads to a decrease in the intensity of the maxima in the radiographs corresponding to the products of hydration of Portland cement. In this case, the less perfect crystalline structure of the cement stone is associated with the formation of physical barriers by the SAP film. It has been shown that the solutions of superabsorbent polymers allow to keep the water for hydration without loss of mobility, in contrast to granular additives. The obtained dependences of the rheological properties of cement mixtures and physico-mechanical properties of cement stone on the content of SAP indicate that the effective concentrations of SAP are 0.5…1.0% by weight of Portland cement.
Investigating the effectiveness of insulation for walls of buildings in Vietnamese climatic condition
Authors: Do Thi-My-Dung , Nguyen Trong-Chuc , Lam Thanh-Quang-Khai
Published: July 2020

Buildings are large heat consumers in all countries. In regions like Vietnam’s climatic conditions, air temperature, and solar radiation, there is a complex relationship with the energy required for cooling in the summer and heating in the winter of residential buildings. Especially, the air temperature is always changing seasonally and affecting the living space temperature in buildings through the process of heat transfer through walls, roofs, ceilings, etc. This paper presents some common insulation materials and evaluates the effectiveness of using insulation for walls of buildings. The calculations are performed on the brick wall covered with insulating layer thickness varies in the range of from 0 cm to 10 cm. The results obtained are the basis for the design of the wall using insulation and the choice of cooling or heating equipment reasonably.