bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic movement of traumatized teeth increase the velocity of tooth movement and cause external root resorption
Authors: Pasa Adriana Paula Batista da Costa , Detogni Anna Caroliny , Tomin Dhienara Sgarbosa , Busato Mauro Carlos Agner , Porto Elaine Manoela , Amorim João Paulo de Arruda
Published: October 2024

The success of tooth movement in treating traumatized teeth depends on the severity of the initial injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histological structure of periodontal tissues and root resorption during orthodontic movement of traumatized teeth. A total of 24 female Wistar rats were used and divided into four experimental groups: Group 1, 6 rats that were not subjected to any experimental procedure (control); Group 2, 6 rats that were subjected to induced tooth movement (ITM); Group 3, 6 rats that underwent dentoalveolar trauma (DT); and Group 4, 6 rats that were subjected to DT+ITM. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the maxilla were removed and processed for histology. Has been observed that the animals in the DT+ITM group had a significantly higher tooth movement rate than the animals in the ITM group. The animals of CTL group had normal findings, while alterations were found in the remaining animals. In ITM group, disorganization of the periodontal ligament (PL) and vascular changes, in addition to moderate root resorption, were observed. The DT group also demonstrated these changes, in addition to presenting with giant cells in the furcation region. In DT+ITM group, in addition to the findings seen in the other experimental groups, also presented with PL disorganization, moderate vascular changes, more intense root resorption and hyaline areas. We conclude that of induced tooth movement associated with the extrusive subluxation trauma causes increases the rate of tooth movement and root resorption.
Produção de hidrogênio verde a partir de excedentes de parques eólicos no estado do Ceará – Brasil
Authors: Pontes Allysson da Silva , Silva Alex Soares da , Batista Natasha Esteves , Sampaio Amanda Ferreira , Sacramento Elissandro Monteiro do , Lima Lutero Carmo de
Published: October 2024

A energia eólica, uma fonte renovável de energia elétrica cada vez mais difundida, enfrenta um desafio significativo: a variabilidade na geração causada pela intermitência dos padrões de vento. Essa intermitência é caracterizada não apenas por flutuações sazonais, mas também por variações diárias, impactando significativamente a capacidade de prever e dar suporte a um sistema elétrico usando essa fonte de energia. A intermitência diária é a principal razão para reduções na geração eólica, conhecidas como “curtailment” ou “constrained-off”. Essas reduções ocorrem quando há baixa demanda dentro do Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN) ou quando a geração excede a capacidade de escoamento das linhas de transmissão. O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar a viabilidade de converter o excesso de energia eólica, frequentemente desperdiçado por meio de reduções, em hidrogênio verde. Utilizando dados retirados de uma pesquisa a documentos da ONS. Ao usar uma fonte de energia primária existente, essa abordagem minimiza o investimento inicial necessário para a produção de combustível. O combustível fabricado pode então ser armazenado e usado durante períodos de baixa geração devido à intermitência do vento ou quando a demanda do sistema exigir. Os resultados indicam que somente em 2023, no estado do Ceará – Brasil, uma única usina eólica poderia ser produzida mais 2.000 toneladas de hidrogênio verde, utilizando energia que, de outra forma, seria desperdiçada.
Crowdsourced Adaptive Surveys
Authors: Velez Yamil
Published: October 2024

Public opinion surveys are vital for informing democratic decision-making, but responding to rapidly evolving information environments and measuring beliefs within niche communities can be challenging for traditional survey methods. This paper introduces a crowdsourced adaptive survey methodology (CSAS) that unites advances in natural language processing and adaptive algorithms to generate question banks that evolve with user input. The CSAS method converts open-ended text provided by participants into survey items, and applies a multi-armed bandit algorithm to determine user-generated questions that should be prioritized in the survey. The method's adaptive nature allows for the exploration of new survey questions, while imposing minimal costs in survey length. Applications in the domains of Latino information environments, national issue importance, and local politics showcase CSAS's ability to identify topics that might otherwise be difficult to identify. I conclude by highlighting CSAS's potential to bridge conceptual gaps between researchers and participants in survey research.
Efektivitas Rosuvastatin Dan Pravastatin Sebagai Anti-Dislipidemia Pada Tikus JANTAN
Authors: Furqan Rizqi Nur , Nugraha Dyan Fitri , Hakim Ali Rakhman , Saputri Rina , Komaliya Risyda
Published: October 2024

Latar Belakang: Penyakit dislipidemia merupakan salah satu penyakit yang dapat berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan manusia. Pengobatan dislipidemia memiliki 3 tingkatan berdasarkan intensitasnya yaitu penyakit dengan intensitas tinggi, intensitas menengah, dan intensitas rendah. Dalam penelitian ini obat yang di gunakan adalah Pravastatin dan Rosuvastatin yang mana kedua obat ini termasuk dalam intensitas menengah.
Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan efektivitas obat Rosuvastatin dan Pravastatin sebagai anti dislipidemia pada tikus.
Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah True Experimental. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah postest only control group yaitu dengan pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan sesudah diberikan obat Rosuvastatin dan Pravastatin, sehingga akan dilihat efektivitas dari pemberian perlakuan terhadap kelompok tikus yang diuji.
Hasil: Rosuvastatin lebih dapat menurunkan LDL lebih baik dari pada Pravastatin karena rosuvastatin memiliki interaksi ikatan tertinggi dengan HMG-CoA reduktase, menghasilkan penghambatan sintesis kolesterol yang paling kuat dari semua golongan statin lainnya. Pravastatin memiliki kemampuan menurunkan LDL lebih rendah. Dari hasil nilai rata-rata dari kedua obat golongan statin tersebut Rosuvastatin yang memiliki nilai rata-rata yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Pravastatin, namun hasil statistik dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terjadi perbedaan yang bermakna dari kontrol Na CMC 0,5% terhadap Rosuvastatin dibandingkan dengan Pravastatin.
Simpulan: Obat golongan statin Rosuvastatin memiliki efektivitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Pravastatin.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Basis Karbopol 940 dan HPMC Terhadap Evaluasi Dan Stabilitas Sediaan Spray Gel Ekstrak Daun Sembung (Blume balsamifera (L.))
Authors: Uzma Nor Syafa'atul , Budi Setia , Rahmadani Rahmadani
Published: October 2024

Latar Belakang: Ekstrak daun sembung dibuat sediaan spray gel, dengan variasi konsentrasi carbopol 940 dan HPMC. Spray gel dipilih karena memiliki keuntungan praktis digunakan, tingkat kontaminasi mikroorganisme relatif rendah, mudah kering dan mudah dicuci.
Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi Karbopol 940 dan HPMC  terhadap evaluasi fisik dan stabilitas sediaan spray gel ekstrak daun sembung (Blumea Balsamifera (L.)).
Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan one shot case study. Ekstrak sembung diformulasikan menjadi 4 formula sediaan spray gel dengan variasi konsentrasi karbopol 940 dan HPMC berturut-turut yaitu (0,2:0,5);(0,4:0,6);(0.6:0,7) dan (0,8:0,4). Kemudian dilakukan uji stabilitas dengan metode cycling test selama 12 hari sebanyak 6 siklus dengan mengevaluasi sebelum dan sesudah cycling test , evaluasi meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya sebar dan pola penyemprotan, waktu kering dan ketahanan melekat.
Hasil: Hasil uji organoleptik adanya perbedaan warna dan konsistensi, uji homogenitas didapatkan sediaan homogen, uji pH dan viskositas formula menurun, uji daya sebar dan pola penyemprotan yang baik adalah formula III dan IV, uji waktu kering semua sediaan baik, uji ketahanan melekat yang baik adalah formula III dan IV.
Simpulan: Variasi konsentrasi Karbopol 940 dan HPMC memiliki pengaruh terhadap sediaan sebelum dan sesudah uji stabilitas. Sediaan yang baik didapatkan pada formula III dan IV konsentrasi karbopol 940 dan HPMC sebanyak (0.6:0,7) dan (0,8:0,4).
Analisis Kandungan Bahan Kimia Obat Natrium Diklofenak Dalam Jamu Encok
Authors: Lisaura Inggrit Windy , Hastika Febby Yulia , Manurung Davidson , Mara Ignatius Ronaldy , Husnati Lailan , Bariroh Laili , Rizantha M. Iqbal
Published: October 2024

Latar belakang:  Jamu adalah obat tradisional berbahan alami warisan budaya yang telah diwariskan secara turun-temurun dari generasi ke generasi untuk kesehatan.  Penggunaan jamu yang semakin lama semakin meningkat menyebabkan beberapa produsen jamu menambahkan bahan kimia obat (BKO) ke dalam produknya, hal ini tentu berbahaya yang dapat menimbulkan efek samping bagi konsumen.
jamu
Tujuan:  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan natrium diklofenak dalam jamu encok
Metode:  Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan kualitatif dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan Spektrofotometri UV-VIS.
Hasil : Hasil analisis kualitatif menggunakan KLT pada sampel jamu pegel linu/encok positif mengandung Natrium diklofenak dengan nilai Rf 0,87 dan hasil uji kuantitatif dengan spektrofotmetri UV-Vis didapatkan  a sebesar 0,092, b sebesar 0,114, dan r sebesar 0,993 dengan konsentrasi Natrium Diklofenak pada sampel Jamu Pegel Linu sebanyak 18,90 ppm.
simpulan: Produk sampel uji yaitu jamu pegel linu mengandung Natrium Diklofenak dan tidak layak diedarkan.
Genetic analysis of medaka fish illuminates conserved and divergent roles of Pax6 in vertebrate eye development
Authors: Mikula Mrstakova Simona , Kozmik Zbynek
Published: October 2024

Landmark discovery of eye defects caused by Pax6 gene mutations in humans, rodents, and even fruit flies combined with Pax6 gene expression studies in various phyla, led to the master control gene hypothesis postulating that the gene is required almost universally for animal visual system development. However, this assumption has not been broadly tested in genetically trackable organisms such as vertebrates. Here, to determine the functional role of the fish orthologue of mammalian Pax6 in eye development we analyzed mutants in medaka Pax6.1 gene generated by genome editing. We found that transcription factors implicated in vertebrate lens development (Prox1a, MafB, c-Maf, FoxE3) failed to initiate expression in the presumptive lens tissue of Pax6.1 mutant fish resulting in aphakia, a phenotype observed previously in Pax6 mutant mice. Surprisingly, the overall differentiation potential of Pax6.1-deficient retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) is not severely compromised, and the only cell types affected by the absence of Pax6.1 transcription factor are retinal ganglion cells. This is in stark contrast to the situation in mice where the Pax6 gene is required cell-autonomously for the expansion of RPCs, and the differentiation of all retina cell types. Our results provide novel insight into the conserved and divergent roles of Pax6 gene orthologues in vertebrate eye development indicating that the lens-specific role is more evolutionarily conserved than the role in retina differentiation.
Species and genetic diversity of nontuberculous mycobacteria in suspected tuberculosis cases in East Azerbaijan, Iran: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Roshdi Maleki Mehdi
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections has increased worldwide, attracting attention in routine diagnostic settings, particularly among patients with suspected tuberculosis. This study aimed to acquire knowledge of NTM infections in patients with suspected tuberculosis and to evaluate the genetic diversity of the strains.

Methods

In this study, 230 clinical specimens were collected from suspected tuberculosis patients. Following decontamination with N-Acetyl-L-cysteine–sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH), the sediments of specimens were inoculated onto Löwenstein–Jensen medium and then incubated at 37°C for 8 weeks. The samples that yielded positive cultures were evaluated through the sequencing of conserved fragments of IS6110 and hsp65. For those samples that were not identified as part of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) by IS6110 PCR, further analysis was conducted via PCR to detect fragments of the hsp65 gene.

Results

Twenty-one NTM species were isolated from 230 clinical specimens (14 NTM from pulmonary specimens and 7 from extrapulmonary specimens). Among these, 12 (57.14%) were rapid-growing mycobacteria (RGM), and 9 (42.85%) were slow-growing mycobacteria (SGM). No M. avium complex (MAC) was identified in any of the specimens. Notably, the M. kansasii, M. gordonae, and M. abscessus strains presented significant genetic diversity.

Conclusions

The prevalence of infections attributed to nontuberculous species surpasses that attributed to tuberculosis. These findings underscore the importance of exploring NTM species in individuals suspected of having TB.
Application of Peplau's interpersonal relationship theory combined with case management in rehabilitation of patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Lu Qin , Chu Zhenliang , Zheng Yeping , Shen Juanqin , Lu Jingjing , Xu Jianjiang , Wang Songchao
Published: October 2024

Objective

To explore the effect of Peplau's interpersonal relationship theory (PIRT) combined with case management (CM) on exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (EBCR), self-efficacy of rehabilitation and risk factors in patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

The convenience sampling method was used to select patients who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology in our hospital from January to October 2022 and received PCI for the first time. Patients were divided into a control group and an intervention group. The control group was given routine treatment and health guidance, including radial artery puncture site care, monitoring of vital signs, informing about medication and dietary precautions, etc. and the intervention group was given PIRT combined with CM. The study was conducted for 3 months. The effect of intervention in the two groups was evaluated by the coronary heart disease risk factor index, EBCR knowledge-attitude-behavior questionnaire and EBCR self-efficacy scale.

Results

The rate of risk factors control including blood pressure (p < 0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.012), smoking cessation (p = 0.031) and exercises (p = 0.021), the scores of EBCR knowledge (p < 0.001), attitude (p = 0.001) and behavior (p < 0.001), and the score of EBCR self-efficacy scale (p < 0.001) in the intervention group were better than those in the control group at 3 months after intervention.

Conclusion

Peplau's interpersonal relationship theory combined with appropriate case management can effectively control cardiovascular disease in patients after primary PCI.
Gene expression profiles of precursor cells identify compounds that reduce NRP1 surface expression in macrophages: Implication for drug repositioning for COVID-19
Authors: Iwata Akira , Chelvanambi Sarvesh , Asano Takaharu , Whelan Mary , Nakamura Yuto , Aikawa Elena , Sasaki Yusuke , Aikawa Masanori
Published: October 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is transitioning from a pandemic to an endemic phase through recurring mutations. Initial efforts focused on developing strategies to mitigate infection of lung epithelial cells which are the primary targets of the SARS-CoV-2 virus using the affinity of the spike protein to human ACE2 receptor. SARS-CoV-2, however, infects additional cell types present in the lung such as macrophages through the alternate entry receptor Neuropilin 1 (NRP1). Developing novel therapeutic strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection of cells crucial for immunosurveillance could thus be integral to treat post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Since traditional drug development process takes a long time, it is imperative to establish new strategies that can be rapidly deployed to combat the dynamic nature of COVID-19 evolution and to contribute to prevention of future pandemics. We obtained the gene expression profiles of THP-1 monocytes from L1000-based Connectivity Map using CLUE, cloud- based software platform for the analysis of perturbational datasets to identify compounds that could reduce the expression level of NRP1. Out of 33,590 compounds, we analyzed the profiles of 45 compounds for their ability to reduce NRP1 expression. We selected the top five small molecule inhibitors predicted to decrease the expression of NRP1 for validation studies. All five selected compounds showed low cytotoxicity at tested doses and their ability to reduce NRP1 surface expression was evaluated in THP-1 monocytes, THP-1-derived macrophage like cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived primary macrophages. Five compounds with the largest predicted reduction of NRP1 expression decreased macrophage NRP1 surface expression measured using flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy assays in both cell line and primary macrophages. Using our computational approach, we identified 45 compounds that could potentially decrease NRP1 surface expression in macrophages based on their effect on THP-1 monocytes. Validation studies showed that such an approach can help to identify compounds for drug repositioning in target cells that are absent in the L1000 database. Our proposed approach can be applicable for the rapid compound exploration to combat novel cell types that SARS-CoV-2 targets for infection and could provide molecular bases for the development of new drugs.
Antibiofilm efficacy of plant extracts as root canal irrigants in endodontics: a systematic literature review
Authors: Diouchi Jihad , Touré Babacar , Ghoul Sonia
Published: October 2024

Background

To explore the antibiofilm efficacy of plant extracts against in vitro formed single and multispecies endodontic biofilms, in comparison to conventional root canal irrigants.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched up to April 2024. Studies investigating the antibiofilm efficacy, of at least one plant extract and one conventional root canal irrigant, against endodontic biofilms were reviewed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. Data were extracted, and studies were critically assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist.

Results

Among 78 articles, eight articles met the criteria and were eventually included in this review. One study showed a high risk of bias, six showed a moderate risk of bias, and one showed a low risk. A total of twelve plant extracts were tested for their antibiofilm efficacy against eight different single-species biofilms and one multispecies biofilm. A combination of microscopy methods and culturing techniques was used for the assessment of their efficacies. Plant extracts exhibited either a biofilm disruption and/or inhibition of biofilm formation. Psidium cattleianum extract and Psidium guajava exhibited enhanced efficacy compared to Chlorhexidine and NaOCl, respectively. Allium sativum demonstrated comparable efficacy to NaOCl. Furthermore, the combination of Cymbopogon martinii essential oil and NaOCl was found to be more effective than either alone when tested on a multispecies biofilm. However, the other plant extracts, such as Mikania Sprengel, Salvadora persica, Camellia sinensis, and Vitis vinifera showed efficacy but were still inferior compared to the control group.

Conclusions

Overall, the tested plant extracts demonstrated promising potential for combating in vitro endodontic biofilms. In that context, integrating conventional therapy protocols with plant-inspired treatments may allow effective endodontic biofilm eradication. Hence, future research should focus on optimizing the synergistic combinations of these extracts with NaOCl to maximize the therapeutic outcomes. Heterogeneity amongst the studies prevented a meta-analysis.
The peace project: creating elementary school peace spaces and places
Authors: McIntyre Miller Whitney , Abdou Annmary S. , Clancy Cristie Suzukawa , Stephens Kelly
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This pilot case study paper demonstrates how school programming can be aligned and enhanced to better create a climate of peace on an elementary school campus by utilizing an integral peace leadership lens. Working collectively as a Peace Leadership Advisory Group, the elementary school leadership team, and the university research team helped to align existing programming and explore and implement new programming to create a comprehensive plan for bringing peace ideas together at the elementary school level.

Methods

This pilot was a single case study that utilized Participatory Action Research. Data were collected through observation, survey, and interviews with school leadership and analyzed using thematic analysis, descriptive statistics, and grounded theory methods, respectively.

Results

The pilot study revealed that the efforts to build peace on campus were successful overall, with students and staff having a positive experience with peace programming throughout the academic year.

Discussion

The findings indicate that aligning existing programming as a way to frame a culture of peace and then supplementing that programming with additional activities serves as a way to unite a campus around the idea of peace.
Core concepts: views from physiology and neuroscience
Authors: Schaefer Jennifer E. , Michael Joel
Published: October 2024

Core concepts are “big ideas” that are central to a discipline, provide frameworks of understanding for disciplinary content, and aid student transfer of learning. Core concept lists have been developed for increasing numbers of higher education STEM disciplines. This mini-review uses physiology and neuroscience core concepts as examples to inform core concept pedagogies in these and other disciplines. The article reviews the development of physiology and neuroscience core concepts and compares the resulting concept lists. It then provides suggestions or “lessons learned” for educators and researchers who wish to utilize core concept pedagogies or who wish to develop core concepts for other STEM disciplines.
The influence of community social capital on pre-service teachers’ career calling: the mediating role of career exploration and the moderating effect of agreeableness
Authors: Su Xiaomin , Ahmad Anuar , Alias Jamsari
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This study aims to explore the mechanism by which community social capital influences pre-service teachers’ career calling, while also examining the mediating role of career exploration and the moderating effect of agreeableness.

Methods

Data were collected from 455 pre-service teachers at a local undergraduate normal college in Guangdong Province, and a structural equation model was employed for analysis.

Results

The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between community social capital and career calling, with career exploration serving as a mediating variable between them. Additionally, agreeableness moderated the relationship between community social capital and career exploration.

Discussion

These results provide valuable theoretical and practical support for colleges and universities in developing community service-learning education programs that enhance pre-service teachers’ career exploration, address their individualized requirements, and cultivate their career calling.
Why a “whack-a-mole” approach to widening participation won’t work - and what to do about it: a policy brief
Authors: Moores Elisabeth , Crockford Julian , Woodfield Lizzy , Austen Liz
Published: October 2024

Despite increasing access to higher education (HE) over the past two decades, students from disadvantaged backgrounds remain less likely to enter the most selective institutions, and less likely to achieve good outcomes. In England, providers that charge more than £6,000 a year tuition fees must have an Access and Participation Plan (APP) approved by the Office for Students (OfS). Plans aim to improve equality in student access, success, and progression. APPs typically focus on snapshots of equality gaps, inputs over outcomes, and individual institutions over collaborative efforts. These limitations encourage a “whack-a-mole” approach, reducing effectiveness of interventions. A more nuanced approach to evaluation is needed, together with increased and organized sector-wide collaboration, and acknowledgment of the dynamic operating context.
Transition metal nanomaterial-based electrocatalysts for water and CO2 electrolysis: preparation, catalytic activity, and prospects
Authors: Maduraiveeran Govindhan
Published: October 2024

The production of hydrogen (H2) and multi-carbon fuels through water electrolysis (oxygen evolution reaction (OER)/hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)) and water–CO2 co-electrolysis (OER/CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR)), respectively, is supposed to be the emergent energy carrier. These electrochemical processes are essential chemical conversion pathways that initiate the changes toward production of renewable energy. This review summarizes the systematic design of earth-abundant transition metal-based nanomaterials and their electrocatalytic activities toward electrochemical energy conversion reactions such as OER, HER, and CO2RR. The primary focus is on fabricating highly effective, low-cost, and advanced transition metal-based nanostructures for both the OER/HER and OER/CO2RR systems. Developing synthetic strategies for surface morphology-controlled nanostructured electrocatalysts, engineering the electrode surface, enhancing the electrocatalytic activity, understanding the relationship between intrinsic catalytic activity and preparation approaches or precursor choices, and exploring the reaction mechanism are focused on. Furthermore, the current challenges, figure-of-merit, and prospects of transition metal-based nanomaterials and their electrocatalytic activities toward water electrolysis and water–CO2 co-electrolysis are described. This study may open new opportunities to develop shape-controlled and high-performance electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy conversion and storage reactions.
Impact and mechanism analysis of bank agglomeration on high-growth enterprise carbon intensity: evidence from China
Authors: Xu Ling , Lu Danning , Shi Jianxun
Published: October 2024

Financial agglomeration contributes to energy efficiency improvement and carbon emission reduction, but more micro-level evidence is needed to further support it. Based on the data of high-growth enterprises and bank branches in China using panel regression analysis, this study examines the impact of bank agglomeration on carbon intensity of high-growth enterprises. The results suggest that bank agglomeration facilitates the reduction of carbon intensity in high-growth enterprises. Specifically, bank agglomeration significantly reduces carbon intensity in non-state-owned enterprises, while it has no significant effect on state-owned enterprises. Compared with state-owned commercial banks and small banks, the agglomeration of joint-stock commercial banks has the strongest promoting effect on enterprise carbon reduction. Bank agglomeration has a particularly significant effect on the carbon reduction of enterprises in high-energy-consuming industries and high-polluting industries. Mechanism analysis shows that bank agglomeration reduces enterprise carbon intensity by promoting innovation, changing energy structure, and mitigating financial constraint. These findings carry important policy implications, suggesting that policymakers should leverage financial agglomeration as a tool for carbon reduction and sustainable development.
Knowledge and awareness toward human papillomavirus vaccination among Saudi female nursing students
Authors: Alanazi Amal Khulaif , Kayal Eithar , Alanzi Shahad , Al Hodian Hanadi , Bin Rusayes Alhanouf
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Human Papillomavirus is a sexually transmitted agent, causing cervical cancer. In Saudi Arabia, cervical cancer is ranked as the ninth most common carcinoma in women. HPV vaccine is an effective prevention method against HPV high-risk types such as HPV 18 and 16. Research on HPV vaccine knowledge and awareness is limited due to the lack of extensive data reportage on HPV and cervical cancer cases among Saudi women.

Aim

This study was aimed to determine the knowledge and awareness of human papillomavirus vaccination among Saudi nursing female students.

Methods

This study was cross-sectional and included (n = 114) participants. The study used an online survey, which included demographical variables and the HPV knowledge scale. The data were collected from October 10, 2023, until January 3, 2024. Descriptive data, Mann-Whitney Z-tests and nonparametric tests were used to analyze the study's findings.

Results

The study participants’ mean age was 20.8 years (SD 1.6). Most students (72%) did not receive the HPV vaccine. The overall mean HPV knowledge was 10.0 (SD 7.08). The HPV knowledge subscales showed poor levels of knowledge of HPV infection, screening, and vaccines: 5.15 (SD 3.87), 1.39 (SD 1.34), and 2.06 (SD 1.87), respectively.

Discussion

In conclusion, Saudi Arabia having a predominantly youthful population, it is crucial to implement educational programs that improve the understanding and awareness of HPV infection among nursing students and other health professionals. There is a necessity to establish impactful awareness campaigns and integrate interventional research to inform health professionals and the public about the disease and dispel misunderstandings and cultural beliefs about HPV and HPV vaccines to prevent cervical cancers among young females.
Psychological impact of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in systemic sclerosis patients and influence of resilience
Authors: Schmalzing Marc , Gernert Michael , Fröhlich Matthias , Henes Jörg , Schwindl Nathalie , Zerhusen Leona , Berthold Lukas , Hewig Johannes , Kübler Andrea , Pecher Ann-Christin , Kleih-Dahms Sonja , Strunz Patrick-Pascal , Ziebell Philipp
Published: October 2024

Objective

In severe cases of systemic sclerosis (SSc), autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is superior compared to cyclophosphamide. But treatment related morbidity and mortality have to be considered. To date, data on major physical and psychological impacts of aHSCT are scarce. Therefore, subjectively experienced physical and psychological impact of aHSCT and exploration of internal and external factors helping to cope with aHSCT was assessed.

Methods

Retrospective assessment of physical and psychological variables in an SSc cohort after aHSCT to describe: Health-related quality of life (HRQL), SSc-associated impairment, coping strategies, body image, and resilience. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed via mixed methods qualitative content analysis.

Results

Thirty-two patients were included. HRQL correlated with impairment due to SSc and with depressive coping. An unfavorable body image correlated with reduced HRQL and increased impairment but improves after aHSCT. Patients with good resilience had a better HRQL, less depressive coping, and less SSc-associated impairment. The semi-structured interviews revealed that resilience is important for a successful disease management as patients with higher resilience were more satisfied with aHSCT, patients with lower resilience would have wished for more psychological support. Thirty-one patients would recommend aHSCT to other patients.

Conclusion

A transient negative impact of aHSCT on mental well-being is present but can be relieved by a team specialized to aHSCT. Psychological support seems to be an unmet need, particularly in patients with low resilience. Patients with higher resilience described a lower negative impact caused by aHSCT and higher satisfaction after therapy.
Glycosylation signature of plasma IgA of critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Potaczek Daniel P. , van Tol Bianca D. M. , Falck David , Krolczik Christina , Zlatina Kristina , Bertrams Wilhelm , Wilhelm Jochen , Schmeck Bernd , Seeliger Benjamin , David Sascha , Skevaki Chrysanthi , Mack Elisabeth , Seeger Werner , Schaefer Liliana , Galuska Sebastian P. , Wuhrer Manfred , Wygrecka Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

Thromboembolic complications are common in severe COVID-19 and are thought to result from excessive neutrophil-extracellular-trap (NET)-driven immunothrombosis. Glycosylation plays a vital role in the efficiency of immunoglobulin A (IgA) effector functions, with significant implications for NET formation in infectious diseases. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of plasma IgA glycosylation during severe SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza A infection, revealing lower sialylation and higher galactosylation of IgA1 O-glycans in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), regardless of the underlying cause of the disease. Importantly, N-glycans displayed an infection-specific pattern, with N47 of IgA2 showing diminished sialylation and bisection, and N340/N327 of IgA1/2 demonstrating lower fucosylation and antennarity along with higher non-complex glycans in COVID-19 compared to Influenza. Notably, COVID-19 IgA possessed strong ability to induce NET formation and its glycosylation patterns correlated with extracellular DNA levels in plasma of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our data underscores the necessity of further research on the role of IgA glycosylation in the modulation of pathogen-specific immune responses in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
Effect of peripheral blood lymphocyte count on the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with TKI in the treatment of advanced liver cancer
Authors: Zhao Qian , Wang Lei , Fu Huilan , Zhang Yuqin , Xie Qiankun
Published: October 2024

Background and aims

Compared with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy, TKI combined with PD1 can improve the therapeutic effect of liver cancer and has been widely used in clinical practice. However, there is a lack of effective biomarkers to identify patients who would benefit more from this combination therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether baseline lymphocyte counts can identify patients with liver cancer who would benefit from targeted immune combination therapy.

Methods

Data from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received TKIs or TKIs in combination with PD1 between June 2018 and June 2020 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into high and low groups based on the median absolute count of peripheral lymphocytes before systemic therapy and differences in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) between TKI and TKI+PD1 were compared between the two groups.

Results

In total, 72 patients were included in this study, with a median follow-up of 1.5 years. Both PFS and OS in the TKI+PD1 group showed a good prognostic trend (p = 0.058 and p = 0.077, respectively). Subgroup analyses based on peripheral blood lymphocyte counts showed that the combination regimen had a significant PFS and OS advantage only in patients with high peripheral blood lymphocyte counts (p = 0.036 and p = 0.031, respectively), but not in patients with low absolute peripheral blood lymphocyte counts (p = 0.819 and p = 0.913, respectively).

Conclusions

Peripheral blood lymphocyte count is a simple and effective biomarker that can be used to identify patients with liver cancer who will benefit more from TKI+PD-1 combination therapy.
Immunomodulatory properties of extracellular vesicles isolated from bone marrow of patients with neuroblastoma: role of PD-L1 and HLA-G
Authors: Marimpietri Danilo , Corrias Maria Valeria , Tripodi Gino , Gramignoli Roberto , Airoldi Irma , Morandi Fabio
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be released by any cell and are crucial for cell-to-cell communications. EVs have been characterized in patients with solid and hematological tumors, where they play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. EVs may express different surface proteins derived from the parental cells, including immunomodulatory molecules, such as HLA-G and PDL1.

Methods

We isolated EV from bone marrow (BM) samples of patients with Neuroblastoma (NB) and healthy controls and we analyzed the expression of CD56, GD2 and immune checkpoints on EV by flow cytometry. Next, we analyzed the function of T cells in vitro in the presence or absence of NB patients' BM-derived EV, in terms of proliferation and cytokine production. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between the expression of immune checkpoints on EV and the clinical outcome of patients.

Results

We found a higher expression of CD56 on EVs derived from BM of patients with NB than in those from healthy donors (HD). However, CD56 expression was not dependent on BM infiltration of NB cells. Moreover, the analysis of GD2 expression revealed that only a small fraction of EVs was released by infiltrating NB cells, whereas the majority may derive from BM-resident cells. BM-derived EVs from NB patients display a higher expression of HLA-G and PD-L1 than those derived from HD. Nonetheless, such EVs are able to modulate T cell immune responses. We measured a robust response, in vitro, towards a common bacterial antigen, including the release of GM-CSF and proinflammatory cytokines, like IFN-a and IL-6, from mononuclear cells. Some of these immunomodulatory features are dependent on the expression of HLA-G and PD-L1, whereas others may rely on other mechanism(s). Finally, a high expression of CD56, HLA-G and PD-L1 on BM-derived EVs may represent a good prognostic factor.

Conclusions

We described the presence of HLA-G and PDL1-bearing EVs in the BM of NB patients, which may represent a mechanism performed by resident BM cells to counteract the inflammation occurring in the BM microenvironment of NB patients.
WILMO: an automated profiling system for coastal waters
Authors: Deschner Stephan C. , Bojens Gero , Orhan Kadir , Nasukha Afifah , Voigt Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

Stationary in situ measurements conducted in close proximity to the shoreline present unique challenges. The shallow depth, automated profiling and accessibility for maintenance, particularly in the context of biofouling, are key considerations. The WInch for Long-term MOnitoring (WILMO), a solution designed to meet these requirements, is therefore presented. The fully automated system keeps the sensitive devices outside of the water until a profiling cycle is initiated, reducing the available settling time for species on the surface of the sensors. The design leverages common hardware and is structured in distinct units. This feature facilitates the interchangeability of individual hardware components and the implementation of a unifying software system capable of simultaneously managing all elements of WILMO. Using wireless broadband communications, WILMO can be fully controlled remotely, allowing for adjustments to the setup and monitoring of system functionality through a special web interface. The data are transmitted to a server with adjustable frequency and a post processing tool prepares them for analysis. The system underwent rigorous testing and demonstrated effective performance in northern Bali, Indonesia, between March and December 2022, gathering physical and biogeochemical time series data. The consistency of the data is validated through comparison with other instruments to ensure data quality. The results obtained are employed to ascertain the suitability of the special flow velocity sensor in this context. WILMO is a demonstrably reliable device, easily manageable and perfectly suited for long-term coastal monitoring.
Understanding the root of the problem for tackling pea root rot disease
Authors: Trenk Nicolas Karl , Pacheco-Moreno Alba , Arora Sanu
Published: October 2024

Pea (Pisum sativum), a crop historically significant in the field of genetics, is regaining momentum in sustainable agriculture due to its high protein content and environmental benefits. However, its cultivation faces significant challenges from root rot, a complex disease caused by multiple soil-borne pathogens prevalent across most pea growing regions. This disease leads to substantial yield losses, further complicated by the dynamic interactions among pathogens, soil conditions, weather, and agricultural practices. Recent advancements in molecular diagnostics provide promising tools for the early and precise detection of these pathogens, which is critical for implementing effective disease management strategies. In this review, we explore how the availability of latest pea genomic resources and emerging technologies, such as CRISPR and cell-specific transcriptomics, will enable a deeper understanding of the molecular basis underlying host-pathogen interactions. We emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach that integrates genetic resistance, advanced diagnostics, cultural practices and the role of the soil microbiome in root rot. By leveraging these strategies, it is possible to develop pea varieties that can withstand root rot, ensuring the crop's resilience and its continued importance in global agriculture.
Prognostic value and immunomodulatory role of DNM1L in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Li Lingxia , Liu Yan , Shi Lei , Yuan Meijie , Shi Hongshuo , Ji Qing , Liu Guobin , Sun Jian
Published: October 2024

Background

Mitochondrial fusion and fission are critical for the morphology and function of cells. DNM1L encodes dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a key protein mediating mitochondrial fission, which is upregulated in a variety of cancers and is strongly associated with tumorigenesis. We aim to investigate the relationship between DNM1L and the prognosis of gastric cancer, as well as to explore the function and mechanism of DNM1L in gastric cancer (GC).

Materials and methods

In this study, we analyzed the expression differences of DNM1L in gastric cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. This was followed by validation through tissue microarrays. We then utilized the cohort information from these microarrays to explore the relationship between DNM1L expression and gastric cancer prognosis. Furthermore, we conducted enrichment analysis to investigate the function and mechanisms of DNM1L in gastric cancer, and lastly, we performed immune cell infiltration analysis using the CIBERSORT algorithm.

Results

We discovered that the expression of DNM1L is elevated in GC tissues. TCGA data showed that the overexpression of DNM1L was positively correlated with the T-stage of GC but not with lymph node metastasis, which was also corroborated by our immunohistochemistry experiments. Based on the Kaplan–Meier curves, the high DNM1L expression was remarkably correlated with poor overall survival in patients with GC. In addition, results of COX regression analysis indicated that high DNM1L expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with GC. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that DNM1L was closely associated with multiple signaling pathways and immune responses. CIBERSORT analysis indicated that increased DNM1L expression may affect the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that DNM1L is upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) and positively correlates with the T-stage and poor prognosis of GC patients, and it plays an important role in tumor immune infiltration.
Causal relationships among perception of errors, challenges, and deliberate practice in athletes with disabilities
Authors: Sim Young Kyun , Shin Joon Ha , Kim Song Eun , Seo Eun Chul , Ha Min-Seong
Published: October 2024

Introduction

There is limited evidence that the psychological characteristics of athletes with disabilities are identical to those of non-disabled athletes, owing to differences in ecological traits, and there is insufficient information on how athletes with disabilities perceive disabled athletes’ perception of errors, challenges, and deliberate practice. Therefore, it is necessary to examine whether the causal model of the perception of errors, challenge, and deliberate practice will be reproduced in the same way as in non-disabled athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to verify a causal model of the perception of errors, challenges, and deliberate practice by athletes with disabilities.

Methods

The participants were 189 athletes with physical and hearing impairments (131 men and 58 women) registered with the 2023 Korea Paralympic Committee. Data were collected through a survey and the participants responded using a self-report method. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to verify normality, correlation analysis to examine relationships between variables, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses.

Results

Based on SEM analysis, the results of this study showed that the causal relationships between the perception of errors, challenges, and deliberate practice were partially significant. Specifically, perception of errors and reflection positively predicted challenges, whereas burden of mistakes negatively predicted challenges. Additionally, challenges were found to have a positive effect on deliberate practice.

Discussion

By comprehensively examining the above, it can be interpreted as a major factor that can promote and reduce challenges depending on how athletes with disabilities perceive their mistakes.
A survey of the experiences of delivering physiotherapy services through telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Peng Tzu-Hsuan , Eng Janice J. , Harris Anne , Le Cornu Levett Catherine , Yao Jennifer , Schneeberg Amy , Pollock Courtney L.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Physiotherapy services have been typically provided in-person since the profession usually involves a therapist providing hands-on assessment and treatments. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to study physiotherapists’ adaptation to telerehabilitation (phone or videoconference).

Objective

This study aimed: (1) to explore how physiotherapists adapted to the transition to delivering telerehabilitation, (2) to assess physiotherapists’ perceptions of implementing telerehabilitation, and (3) to identify the challenges and facilitators of delivering telerehabilitation.

Methods

This study used an online survey distributed to physiotherapists within a large Canadian health authority. Closed-ended questions were analyzed with descriptive statistics.

Results

Seventy-five physiotherapists responded and data were collected. Compared prior to the pandemic to time during the pandemic, the use of a phone for delivering physiotherapy increased from 24.0% to 73.3% of physiotherapists while videoconference increased from 5.3% to 77.3%. Overall, the physiotherapists found videoconference to be a more effective delivery method than phone. Less than half felt that they could use videoconference to effectively treat pain (49.3%), upper extremity function (40.0%) or strength/range of motion (48.0%). Only 29.3% felt that they could effectively treat walking balance or mobility by videoconference. Technical barriers were identified with client comfort with the equipment reported by 90.7% of physiotherapists and positioning of the webcam by 76.0% of physiotherapists. A large proportion of physiotherapists agreed that they would continue the practice of telerehabilitation via phone (54.7%) and videoconference (68.0%).

Conclusion

The pandemic resulted in a dramatic shift to telerehabilitation for a profession that typically provides hands-on assessments and treatments. While there was increased uptake of telerehabilitation, many physiotherapists questioned their effectiveness using telerehabilitation to undertake activities that traditionally involve manual treatments or hands-on guidance/supervision. However, physiotherapists were committed to continuing telerehabilitation to meet patients’ needs after the pandemic.