bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition effects of petroleum products on nitrogen and phosphorous removal
Authors: Dubovik Volha , Ratnaweera Harsha , Markevich Raisa , Issayeva Akmaral , Maletskyi Zakhar , Sorogovets Veronika
Published: February 2022

One of the main challenges in pet roleum-containing wastewater treatment in municipal wastewater treatment plants is their interference with the microbiological processes of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of commercial petroleum products on the conversion of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds during the biological treatment of municipal wastewater in activated sludge systems. The presence of commercial petroleum products in wastewater was found to inhibit the process of conversion of NH4-N and the absorption of PO4-P in cells. The main inhibiting effect results from additives introduced into commercial petroleum products. Variations in the removal efficiencies of NH4-N and PO4-P are due to the variable distribution of commercial petroleum products in the mixed liquor of activated sludge. An increase in the degree of dispersion of commercial petroleum products, which results in an increase in the contact surface, increases the inhibitory effect on the activated sludge process. The toxic effect of gasoline is more pronounced in comparison with diesel fuel and hydraulic oil. During the first 30 minutes of incubation of samples with oil products, an increase in the concentration of PO4-P in the solution was observed due to the death of microorganisms from toxic effects, mainly from gasoline.
Resistance of summer wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) to model toxicant in different soil types
Authors: Ovsyannikova I V , Pryanichnikova V V , Khairullin R M , Kuramshina Z M , Boev E V
Published: February 2022

The sensitivity of seedlings of two wheat varieties to the model toxicant (boric acid) in two soil types was tested with the use of the method (FR.1.39.2016.24117). The soil with a high content of humus was less toxic then the soil with less humus level with the same content of toxicant. It is shown that it is expediently to use the same type of soil for the control for an objective assessment of the effect of the toxicant contained in the tested soil on the test-organisms. Also it is necessary to consider the plants adaptability for the environmental stresses during selecting test object, particularly wheat.
Water injection front estimation of oil fields to reduce risks of sharp water flooding
Authors: Yarkeeva N R , Farkhutdinova A I , Zaripova D A
Published: February 2022

At the fields of Rosneft Oil and Gas Company, effective technologies are used to increase oil production and oil recovery ratio. To this end, systematic work is carried out to extract hard-to-recover oil reserves. Side boreholes (BS) cutting, which helps to increase oil recovery and actually replaces well compaction. Piezometric and unprofitable wells, as well as wells with leaking production strings, are identified when selecting candidate wells for planning BS and horizontal wells (HW). Maps of residual oil-saturated thicknesses are also considered, according to which localization zones of oil reserves not involved in the development are determined, in order to select areas for drilling. For rational selection of measures, forecasting of drilling results should be carried out using a hydrodynamic model and full seismic studies. First of all, the proximity of the water injection front from the existing injection pool of wells is determined in order to avoid the risks of sharp watering.
Environmental monitoring of endogenous fires based on thermal imaging and 3D mapping from an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Yu Prosekov A , Rada A O , Kuznetsov A D , Timofeev A E , Osintseva M A
Published: February 2022

To reduce environmental damage from mining, it is important to minimize the number of endogenous fires caused by spontaneous combustion of hydrocarbons. However, the existing technical solutions have significant limitations and require large investments. The purpose of the study is to develop technology and software for 3D thermal 3D mapping of coal warehouses and coal mining enterprises, which makes it possible to quickly detect potential foci of fire, carry out their prevention, and also minimize the time to extinguish the fires that have arisen. In the work, unmanned aerial vehicles were used as carriers of a photo camera and a thermal imaging camera, as well as software developed with the participation of the authors for processing thermal imaging images and video materials. The survey data were subjected to computer processing and loaded into the geographic information system. The resulting 3D thermal model was used to identify hot spots where fires are possible, as well as for forecasting. Testing of the hardware and software complex in a coal mine showed that the thermal 3D model correctly displays the temperature of coal seams at a considerable depth (over 3 meters). This allows you to quickly identify foci of fire and eliminate them. Research prospects are associated with replicating the results and building 3D thermal models for a larger number of coal enterprises.
Environmental safety based on decontamination of pyrophoric deposits at oil production facilities using dialkyl sulfoxides
Authors: Khafizov I F , Shutov N V , Sultanov R M , Pavlova Z H
Published: February 2022

The aspects of chemical desactivation of the pyrophoric sediments using sulfoxides on the oil production facilities during the exploitation of the vertical cylindrical vessels (VCV), which are intended for containing sulphurous oils, are studied in this article. It is found out that sulfoxides, either individual substances or their mixtures, can effectively passivate pyrophoric iron sulphides. The laboratory express-method for separation the pyrophoric sediments, containing pyrophoric iron is also developed.
Creation of a platform for an information and analytical system for ensuring the activities of operational firefighting headquarters
Authors: Sharafutdinov A A , Kh Pavlova Z , Sharafutdinova A A
Published: February 2022

Information and analytical systems are a modern highly effective tool for supporting the adoption of strategic, tactical and operational management decisions based on the visual and operational provision of all the necessary data to users responsible for analyzing the state of affairs and making management decisions. The article deals with the development of an information and analytical system for ensuring the activities of operational firefighting headquarters in the form of an application for mobile gadgets and computers.
Complex processing of phosphogypsum
Authors: Daminev R R , Kh Kurbangaleeva M
Published: February 2022

The raw material base for many branches of the chemical industry is depleting; the issue of involving in the production of both raw materials with a low content of useful components and industrial waste becomes more and more urgent. Waste from production falls as a dead load on the cost of production of enterprises and often gives rise to a number of difficult-to-solve problems. This also applies to phosphogypsum ,i. e. a large-tonnage waste from the production of phosphoric acid by the sulfuric acid method. Phosphogypsum contains elements such as Ca, Mg, F, P, Si, Sr and rare earth elements. Secondary waste generated in this case is of limited demand and is practically not used. The complex composition of phosphogypsum as a raw material for the chemical industry should be considered as an opportunity to reduce mining, provided that the valuable components that make up its composition are maximally extracted from it into marketable products. The problem can be successfully solved using the technology of complex processing. Complex processing can be conditionally divided into three stages: obtaining ammonium sulfate or sodium sulfate; concentrate of rare earth elements; calcium silicate or calcium carbonate. Phosphogypsum processing is aimed at solving environmental problems that exist during its storage in dumps at phosphate fertilizer enterprises; at the same time, the negative impact of phosphogypsum components on the environment is reduced.
Optimization of the main parameters of a mixing box in a periodic mode of operation in the preparation of liquid lumps in animal husbandry
Authors: Solonshickov P N
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the problem of developing means that can increase the efficiency of mechanization of the process of preparing liquid feed in animal husbandry. Design bureaus, research and technological institutes for mechanization and electrification of agriculture have developed new progressive technologies, as well as kits, units, machines and apparatus for animal husbandry and fodder production. On the basis of this technique, complex mechanization of farms is being introduced and livestock complexes with industrial production technology are being created. But recently, the widespread use of domestic machines for the preparation of liquid feed mixtures has not been presented. Therefore, an experimental setup is proposed that combines three functions: a batcher, a pump and a mixer, which ultimately allows to obtain a mixture of good quality. The article provides a program and research methodology for the installation. For this, a special stand has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the parameters of the mixture quality. As a search for the optimal combination of factors for the optimization criteria: the degree of homogeneity and, plan 33 was chosen. Experimental studies have shown the range of the installation feed at different speeds of rotation of the impeller shaft. Mixing studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the design of the plant and its components: dispenser, pump and mixer. With the help of experimental planning methods, the main factors influencing the mixing process are identified, and the optimal parameters of the mixture quality are determined.
Investigation of kinematic characteristics of screw dispensers for sustainable agrarian-and-feed production
Authors: Yu Bulatov S , Nechaev V N , Zykin A A , Sergeev AG
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the operating modes of screw dispensers. The experimental part of the research was carried out on a laboratory installation. A frequency-controlled method of controlling the electric motor of the installation was used. When deriving theoretical dependencies and processing experimental data, the laws of mechanics and mathematical processing methods were applied. The research was reduced to the search for dependencies of the productivity of the screw dispenser on the rotation frequency of the screw dispenser. Four possible schemes of operation of screw dispensers were considered. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, linear dependencies describing the change in the speed of rotation of the screw from the acceleration (braking) time are derived. Using the obtained experimental expressions and knowing the structural dimensions of the screw dispenser and the physical and mechanical properties of the metered materials, it is possible to determine the theoretical performance of the screw dispenser. The developed method is applicable to the calculation of all dispensers and can be used in the development of machines for agriculture and other industries.
Long-term storage of combined feed in containers with unregulated gas medium
Authors: Chernyshev A D , Kostenko M Y , Murog I A , Baidov A V , Patrin A N
Published: February 2022

Combined feeds are a determining factor in the price formation for meat and dairy products. Currently, the time of combined feed storage under normal conditions is about two months. This circumstance requires the interconnected work of the feed mill and the livestock enterprise. When small farms are provided with fodder, the smooth work of the feed mills is disrupted, and the costs of the combined feed production increase. Therefore, the improvement of storage methods for small batches of feed will help reduce the cost of production due to the smooth operation of feed mills, and meet the demand of small businesses.
Mechatronic module design of the control system for the tractor gearbox
Authors: Vasilyev S A , Mishin S A , Limonov S E
Published: February 2022

This article describes the mechatronic control device for the manual gearbox system and points out disadvantages of the transmission controls located in the operator’s cab. The block diagram of the gearbox control unit is presented. The choice of the device elements is proved. PETG plastic part models of the mechatronic module printed on a 3D printer are proposed. The technical characteristics of the mechatronic module of the gearbox control system for the transport and technological vehicle are described.
Development of dairy farming based on the modernization of a combined massage device for preparing heifers for the period of milking equipment use
Authors: Kurochkin A A , Frolov D I
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the problem of increasing the efficiency of preparing heifers for lactation. A modernized device for combined massage of the udder of heifers is proposed. The device allows you to regulate the intensity of the pneumatic effect on the mammary gland tissue of the animal. The analysis of the working process of massage devices operating according to a two-chamber scheme is performed. A diagram of the pressure change in the massage bell and the massage element of the device was obtained. The design of the device allows you to get two technological modes of operation of the device for preparing heifers for lactation. The positive side of the presented design of the massage device can be attributed to the ability to control the intensity of the pneumatic and mechanical components of the massage. Also it allows to eliminate the disadvantages inherent in the prototype due to a more rational diagram of pressure changes in the massage bell and its executive mechanism - the massage element. The massage device provides adjustable parameters of the pneumatic component of the massage for the bell and the element, respectively, in the range from 10–17 kPa and 19–28 kPa. The data obtained agree well with the requirements for the technological process of preparing heifers for lactation.
Experimental studies of a granulator with a cooling system using a standard matrix for the development of waste-free industries
Authors: Zykin A A
Published: February 2022

The use of renewable resources and the development of waste-free industries are becoming more and more urgent as the environmental crisis is growing and energy resources are decreasing. Wood processing is one of these areas. Dumps of forest waste can cause fires. The use of wood processing waste as a fuel is impractical due to their low calorific heat value. Therefore, such waste is first subjected to special treatment to obtain fuel briquettes or pellets using special lines, the basis of which is a granulator. However, the granulation process takes place within a strictly defined temperature range. Therefore, one of the main problems to be solved is the stabilization of the heating of the granulator matrix. To solve this problem, we have developed a scheme of a cooled matrix granulator. We carried out a series of experiments in order to determine the efficiency of the proposed granulator. The aim of the first stage of our research was to study the working process of a granulator with a cooling system using a standard matrix. We have come to the conclusion that granules of the required quality in a granulator with a standard matrix are not obtained in all operating modes.
Ranking of quality indicators influencing the choice of potato harvester
Authors: Zh Shkaruba N , Leonov O A , Bogolubova D A
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of research related to the development and testing of a methodology that allows you to select and rank quality indicators that affect the choice of a potato harvester of an agricultural producer. To rank the selected quality indicators, it has proposed to use the method of comparing pairwise hierarchies. The weighting factors of single quality indicators obtained as a result of ranking can be used to assess the quality level of potato harvesters according to a complex indicator.
Efficiency of local application of mineral fertilizers simultaneously with pre-sowing tillage
Authors: Vasiliev A A , Oleynikova E N , Lisunov O V , Boginya M V
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of scientific research conducted to assess the effectiveness of applying the methods of local pre-sowing fertilization. The research was carried out in a field stationary experiment in a seed crop rotation system. The research object of the study was wheat of the “Novosibirskaya 31” variety. In 2020 and 2021, in the Sukhobuzimsky district of the Krasnoyarsk region, the experiments were laid on the local application of mineral fertilizers by a machine-tractor unit using new replaceable working bodies developed in previous studies [1,2]. Deep-local applying the mineral fertilizers with the use of new replaceable working bodies for the cultivator for continuous tillage, the yield of grain crops and the productivity of the soil-fertilizing unit increase. There is a statistically significant (p<0.01) positive correlation between the yield in different variants of the experiment in 2020 and 2021 (Pearson’s correlation coefficient is 0.852, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is 0.905), which indicates a high stability of the distribution of experiments by yield, regardless of weather conditions of the year. When fertilizers are applied before sowing locally to a depth of 8-10 cm, the grain yield increases by 3.2-12.1% compared to the control in 2020 and by 26.2-40.7% in 2021. A comparative analysis of wheat yield in experimental variants relative to the background (N40) showed that when applied locally in spring, simultaneously with cultivation, the yield increased by 10.6% in 2020 and 20.9% in 2021 against 2.5 and 7.5%, respectively, scattered under cultivation. The mathematical analysis of the obtained experimental data showed that the depth of application is statistically significant (p<0.001) affects the yield and the optimum depth of planting is 8-10 cm.
Substantiation of flat blade parameters for soil loosening
Authors: Syromyatnikov Yu N , Mozgovsky A F , Kalimullin M N , Tikhonov E A , S Dzjasheev A-M , Orekhovskaya A A , Taraban M V
Published: February 2022

Layer-by-layer loosening of soil contributes to an increase in energy consumption for its cultivation. Thus, in order to reduce traction resistance, a blade with a variable crumbling angle has been developed. In the blade stand area, it is proposed to increase crumbling angle of the chisel plow by analogy with working bodies of the chisel plow to 300, and the blade wing should be made in the form of a flat-cutting blade with a small crumbling angle. To substantiate paw profile in the strut zone, a static equation of action of forces has been drawn up depending on curve shape of the front. Distribution regularity of specific soil pressures on the blade has been determined. To verify results reliability of theoretical studies, a field experiment was carried out. Behind the tractor wheel, a beam with 4 proposed blades was installed, first row blades were set to a depth of 7 cm, and second row blades, following the trail of the first blades, to a depth of 15 cm. Using method of soil sifting on sieves with round holes, structural and aggregate composition of soil was determined along the track. Maximum lump size in the traditionally treated area is 105 mm, while maximum lump size in the layer-treated area is 80 mm, which is 24% less. Use of layer-by-layer processing in the areas compacted by the tractor propellers made it possible to improve soil pulverization quality, and thereby reduce negative factors of overcompaction by tractor running system.
Justification of the flat shaft profile using variation calculation methods
Authors: Syromyatnikov Yu N , Semenenko I I , S Dzjasheev A-M , Tikhonov E A , Orekhovskaya A A , Mukhametshin I S , Mirzoeva M R
Published: February 2022

Using the method of calculus of variations, the task was set to determine the shape of the paw profile of a plane-cutting cultivator with minimal traction resistance. Based on this functional, the Ritz differential equation was compiled, which makes it possible to find the value of the functional by possible linear combinations of selected functions with constant coefficients composed of the first terms of the sequence, as a result of which an expression describing the required profile of the working organ was obtained. The Ritz differential equation made it possible to determine a family of extremals for a given functional: the desired curve belongs to this family and satisfies the boundary conditions of the problem. Using the finite element method, the three-dimensional problem of substantiating the profile of the tillage working body was solved. As the results of experimental studies have shown, a working organ with a reasonable profile has a lower energy consumption by 15-35% compared to traditional ones, while reducing the ridge of the soil surface along the width of the treatment.
Studies of the traction characteristics of the opener of a forestry seeder for a nursery
Authors: Gnusov M A , Drapalyuk M V , Yu Druchinin D , Bukhtoyarov L D , Ushakov N O , Sibiryatkin E V
Published: February 2022

In the work for the study, a laboratory experiment was carried out using the developed stand for studying the opener of a forest seeder when interacting with the soil using an Arduino to find the optimal installation parameters on the unit. The experimental results of the study on the movement of the opener of a forest seeder along the laboratory channel of the installation in the soil were obtained using a strain gauge module. Methods of sowing seeds and equipment necessary for soil preparation are considered. A new design of the stand for studying the interaction of the opener of a forest seeder with the soil is presented. The disturbing forces on the coulter from the action of the soil were recorded using a strain gauge connected to the Arduino board. A program has been written for taking readings from a strain gauge using an Arduino board. A laboratory experiment was carried out and the values of the forces were obtained for different angles of inclination of the opener.
The influence of pre-plant potato treatment on plant development
Authors: Goryachkina I N , Zinovyev A K , Rembalovich G K , Beznosyuk R V , Yu Kostenko M
Published: February 2022

The improvement of pre-plant treatment is possible on the basis of hot and cold mist of biopreparations. The device to treat seed tubers consists of a box made of thin metal or plywood on a loader conveyor with a rubber shutter to ensure the tightness of the treating area. Mist treatment occurs when the oncoming movement of tubers, ensuring fine droplets. Hot mist of biopreparations promotes heating of the surfaces of tubers by 1-2° C, accelerating physiological processes in them. The analysis of plant development has established that the best result is achieved by treating potato seed tubers of “Lily” variety with hot mist of biopreparations, and the highest efficiency is obtained from biopreparation Potassium humate. The value of the vegetative activity index in plants treated with hot mist of Potassium humate is 18 % higher in comparison with plants in the control plot not treated with biopreparations. The height of the stems of potato plants is 7.3 % higher in those treated with hot mist of Potassium humate than those treated with cold mist of the same preparation. In comparison with plants in the control plot, it is 75.1 % more. The number of leaves on potato bushes when treated with hot mist of Potassium humate is 13.1 % higher in comparison with those treated with cold mist of the same preparation and by 18.9 % in comparison with the values in the control plot. Studies have shown that the treatment with the mist of biopreparations helps to accelerate the development of plants, and treating with hot mist increases the physiological activity of tubers.
The influence of pre-plant treatment with hot mist of biopreparations on the quality of spring barley yield
Authors: Beznosyuk R V , Goryachkina I N , Drozhzhin K N , Yu Kostenko M , Rembalovich G K
Published: February 2022

Pre-plant treatment of barley seeds with hot mist of biopreparations has some protective effect against harmful microflora, improves the absorption of nutrients from the soil, and increases the physiological activity. For pre-plant treatment of barley seeds of “Creshendo” variety, hot mist of the following biopreparations was used: Baktofit, Potassium humate, Fitosporin M, Innopraktika complex. The evaluation of the influence of the treatment was carried out according to the elements of the structure of the yield of plant samples and the physical-chemical indicators of grain samples from experimental plots. The statistical assessment showed good reliability (coefficient of variation was about 10). The number of productive stems per 1 m2 was increased by the hot mist treatment with Innopraktika complex by 54.1 % and Fitosporin M by 31.0 % in comparison with the samples from the control plot. The weight of 1,000 grains exceeded by 5.9 % in samples treated with Potassium humate and by 4.6 % with Fitosporin M. The highest biological yield was achieved when hot mist treatment with Innopraktika complex (50.822 dt/ha) and Fitosporin M (43.17 dt/ha). In terms of physical-chemical indicators, the best values were obtained when treated with Fitosporin M and Potassium humate in comparison with control samples: an increase in the mass fraction of starch in grain was by 10.8 % and 5.1 %, respectively; crude protein increased by 5.4 % and 6.9 %; an increase in the exchange energy in both cases was by 0.8 %. The best effect of pre-plant treatment of barley seeds of “Creshendo” variety is achieved with the use of hot mist of biopreparations Fitosporin M and Innopraktika complex.
Justification of parameters of a finger hump of potato harvesters when vibrating canvas
Authors: Beznosyuk R V , Evtekhov D V , Borychev S N , Kostenko M Y , Rembalovich G K
Published: February 2022

Potato harvesting in Ryazan region is due to the short harvesting period and difficult soil and climatic conditions, making the process of soil separation difficult because soil sifting by separating working bodies is difficult. Therefore, a significant part of the load falls on external separation organs or a finger hump. To intensify the separation, a multi-cam shaker was installed under the canvas of the finger hump, which made it possible to select the required frequency and amplitude of oscillations. To improve the quality of the separation of components when finger humps working, it is important to ensure the relative movement of the components of the potato heap through the fingers of the hump. The direct transverse bending of the finger under the influence of the potato heap weight was studied, considering the dynamic loads when the canvas is tossed. Knowing the dependence of the vibration accelerations of the finger hump, the frequency of rotation of the multi-cam shaker in the range from 50 to 150 rpm and the angle of inclination of the finger hump from 25° to 35°, the velocities and acceleration of vibrations were obtained on the basis of which the parameters of the finger hump were calculated. They were as follows: Young’s modulus - E was 20·106 Pa, the height of the elastic part of the finger was 0.06 m, the diameter of the finger was 0.012-0.016 m, the stiffness of the finger was 3.7-4.8 N/m.To check the obtained parameters of the longitudinal finger hump with an installed shaker, a laboratory setup was developed. When conducting experimental studies, it was found that the highest values of the completeness of separation corresponded to the following values of factors: the rotational speed of the shaker was 130 rpm and the angle of inclination of the hump canvas was 34°.
Investigation of the combustion process of a diesel engine when working on a mixed fuel
Authors: Buzikov Sh V , Plotnikov S A , Shipin A I , Biryukov A L , Kartashevich A N
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study is dependences of the indicators of the combustion process of a diesel engine when it is operating on various mixed fuel (MF). For this, an experimental setup was developed. As a result of the studies carried out, for the first time, combined indicator diagrams and the dependences of the averaged cycle temperature on the crankshaft angle were obtained when the diesel engine is operating on various MF. Data analysis showed a decrease in the maximum pressure in the cylinder from 11.5 to 11 MPa, the maximum and average rate of pressure rise from 0.65 to 0.5 and 0.24 to 0,2 MPa/degree, respectively, shortening the fast combustion phase from 6.5 to 4.2 degrees and the period of slowed-down combustion from 40 to 34 degrees, a decrease in the average temperature of the cycle from 2920 to 2810 K, an increase in the apparent combustion pressure from 7.4 to 7.6 MPa, the ignition delay period from 20.4 up to 22.5 degrees, increasing the period of controlled combustion from 10 to 14 degrees, the period of the main combustion by 4 degrees when the share of rapeseed oil in MF changes from 0 to 80%.
Influence of power fluid filtration quality on hydroficated machine and operability efficiency
Authors: Karnaukhov I V , Sorokin E A , Nikitin A A , Abramov V V , Pankiv M D
Published: February 2022

This paper concerns different types of power fluid in hydraulic drives of mechanical vehicles. It also considers filtering methods of fluid power systems. The importance of research is established by technology assessment of fluid discharge strainers for power fluid filtration.
Ontogenetic features of the morphology of hemolymph cells in Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as an indicator of biodiversity
Authors: Ermak M V , Matsishina N V , Fisenko P V , Sobko O A , Volkov D I
Published: February 2022

Insect hemocytes are a complex of different types of cells that differ morphologically and functionally. The study of morphological variability of hemocytes Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was carried out, eight types of cells were identified: spherulocytes, enocytoids, adipohemocytes, prohemocytes, plasma cells, granulocytes, cystocytes and phagocytes. The predominant type of hemocytes at all stages of ontogenesis are prohemocytes. In the hemolymph of larvae, the most numerous are prohemocytes with a basophilic nucleus (32.07%), prohemocytes with an eosinophilic nucleus (38.12%), and plasmatocytes (19.4%). The pupa is characterized by prohemocytes (64.3%), the sizes of which coincided with those of the adults (10.09 ± 2.11 and 9.45 ± 1.85 µm). At the adult stage, adipohemocytes, enocytoids and cystocytes were found, which were not observed at the larval stage. The size of hemocytes changed depending on the stage of ontogenesis. Thus, it was found that the cellular composition of the Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata hemolymph is the same for the adult and pupal stages, but it has differences in the dimensional characteristics of the formed elements. The larval stage has its own characteristics in the cellular composition of the hemolymph: the absence of three types of hemocytes and the formation of two subtypes of prohemocytes.
Landscape-species national inventory of animal habitats as a basis for hunting resources use and protection (on the sable example)
Authors: Leontiev D F
Published: February 2022

The purpose of our message is to characterize the principles used in national inventory development and to show possibilities of landscape-species approach for characterizing hunting resources distribution. This represents a certain scientific novelty. Quantitative data collection is based on the use of partial shooting (catching) method when mapping the results of cropping in the areas of commercial hunting areas. Cadastral developments are related to the quality of animals wildlife habitual area. On Irkutsk region territory, four regional complexes of sable habitats have been identified: Angarsk, Verkholensk and South Prebaikalsk, and Khamar-Daban. The basis for their identification was participation proportion in Siberian cedar composition for the first two and the presence of dwarf pine overgrowth for Khamar-Daban along with Verkholensk eastern part. The South CisBaikal complex of habitats, including Eastern Sayan habitats, is characterized primarily by the absence of dwarf pine overgrowth. The proposed methodological system for the inventory and assessment of game animals habitats is based on the ecological interpretation of landscape units (groups of geographic eco-elements). It makes it possible to take into account the regional characteristics of animal habitat and allows forecasting the dynamics of habitats. For the territory characterized by mapping on the principles of structural-dynamic landscape science, it is necessary to fully use the cartographic landscape basis on these principles. It is quite enough to select the best (optimal) habitats that provide animals with living conditions throughout the entire annual life cycle, and to protect them accordingly, as the basis for maintaining population homeostasis within the region; suboptimal - much worse, used mainly seasonally; and hunting areas are not peculiar to the species of animals, on which the species does not live and cannot live. The first two categories of habitats during mapping will make up the lace of the species range within the region, and all for a total, the habitats species national inventory, and at the same time strata for collecting initial data and extrapolating during counts. Thus, cadastral developments with a landscape- species approach make it possible to stratify the territory for subsequent counts of animals number of a certain species. This is especially important for economically significant species, which number state must be accurately tracked for their rational use.
Current state of landscaping objects in Volzhsky
Authors: Kulik A K , Balkushkin R N , Vlasenko M V , Zaitsev A A , Khnyckin A S
Published: February 2022

Green plantings in the urban environment form a natural carcass, increase environmental protection functions and create comfortable living conditions for the population. Research is relevant due to the fact that monitoring the state and conditions of green plantings growth is a prerequisite for timely adoption of measures to restore and maintain the proper functioning of urban natural-anthropogenic systems. The aim of the research is to assess the current state of landscaping objects in the city of Volzhsky. The plot with cadastral number 34:35:000000: 66118 has about 20% of dying trees, most of which are old-growth stands. Young and mature trees Populus nigra and Salix alba are in good condition. On the territory of the park (cadastral number 34:35:030121:201) >40% of trees are weakened or slightly damaged. The share of withering and withered trees reaches 27% of the total number of trees. Fraxinus excelsior is in the worst condition. 59% of Populus nigra trees dry up. In the park (cadastral number 34:35:030213:246) the forest stand and lawn cover are in excellent condition. The roadside forest belt (cadastral number 34:28:000000:2955) cannot fully fulfill its ecological functions and does not meet economic goals.
Scientifically based possibilities of conservation of natural soil fertility of black soils of contour-landscape agriculture of Orenburg region
Authors: Yu Skorokhodov V , Zorov A A , Maksyutov N A , Kaftan Yu V , Mitrofanov D V , Zenkova N A , Voropaev S B
Published: February 2022

The article outlines the problems of dry farming in the Orenburg region. The reasons for the degradation of chernozem soils leading to their complete destruction and ecological catastrophe are shown. The ways of solving and scientifically substantiated possibilities of preserving the soil fertility of the Orenburg chernozems, which increase productivity, reduce to a minimum the negative effect of drought. during the transition to contour-landscape agriculture, it was established that it was possible to obtain stable yields every year in all natural and climatic zones of the Orenburg region. Studied five-field crop rotations with various types of occupied and black fallow in relation to contour landscape agriculture (CLA). The average grain yield according to the experience was -16.1 centners, including spring wheat - only 18.6 centners per hectare. Grain output from 1 hectare of crop rotation -12.9 centners. The productivity of the experiment on the average of the steaming grass was 2.17 thousand feed units. The green mass of the cereal-legume mixture (barley + peas) in the green manure pair is 1.67 thousand fodder units. The production of the buffer strip amounted to 2.26 thousand fodder units of green mass of Sudanese grass per hectare
Plant leaves structural and functional parameters in different breeding periods buckwheat varieties
Authors: Amelin A V , Fesenko A N , Zaikin V V , Chekalin E I
Published: February 2022

Crops high productivity is largely determined by plants photosynthetic activity structural and functional indicators genotypic specificity. In this connection, we have conducted field studies on the photosynthetic potential, net productivity, photosynthetic capacity and leaf stomatal conductivity in 11 buckwheat varieties of different selection periods, which were conventionally divided into 3 groups: local populations (Orel region), old varieties - breeding of 1930-1960, and modern varieties - breeding of 1990-2010. It was shown that modern varieties, compared with predecessors, form more powerful photosynthetic potential due to the formation, mainly, large leaf plates, rather than increasing their functioning duration. At the same time, net photosynthetic productivity does not change significantly as a result of breeding. Its value depends to a greater extent on plant vegetation weather conditions than on their hereditary characteristics. At the same time, the leaves photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductivity have undergone significant changes as a breeding result. These indicators values in the formation period and modern cultivars seeds ripening exceeded local populations and older varieties on average by 20.3 … 16.6 and 17.2%, respectively. It is noted that these indicators relationship with the variety final seed productivity is positive, and in some years has a significant value. In this regard, it is proposed in buckwheat crops to carry out directed selection for leaves increasing photosynthetic activity. Work in this direction may well be successful, as indicated by photosynthetic indicators of high heritable conditionality and broad polymorphism. Particular attention should be paid to genotypes with small and dense leaf plates characterized by high photosynthetic activity and low transpiration activity, which will ensure the sun and evaporated water converted energy-efficient use by plants for yield formation.
Prevention of enterotoxigenic escherichiosis as a way to stabilize the ecological situation of anthropogenic pollution by antibiotic-resistant strains
Authors: Tishchenko Alexander , Terekhov Vladimir , Pimenov Nikolay , Ivannikova Regina
Published: February 2022

The ecological niches occupied by E. coli are not limited to the environment, this bacterium is part of the symbiotic and conditionally pathogenic microflora of humans and animals. E. coli strains are highly resistant to various antibiotics, which poses a threat to ecological stability in the biodiversity of species. Once in unfavorable conditions, E. coli can acquire pathogenic properties and cause dangerous diseases, one of which is enterotoxigenic escherichiosis. The reservoir of pathogenic E. coli in the environment can be both farm animals and animal products. Timely and effective immunization of animals against escherichiosis is relevant for veterinary medicine and medicine, and the search for new biological products for treatment and prevention is one of the important practical tasks. The preventive effectiveness of the use of anatoxin vaccine samples in combination with an adjuvant complex in enterotoxigenic escherichiosis of animals was studied as a new solution to stabilize the ecological situation of anthropospheric genesis in the form of reducing the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli in the environment. As a result of the conducted studies, it was established that after the use of an anatoxin vaccine with an adjuvant complex, high preventive efficacy is provided for enterotoxigenic escherichiosis.
Characteristics of the Zavitaya River in terms of hydrochemical and microbiological indicators during the flood of 2021
Authors: Pakusina A P , Tsarkova M F , Platonova T P , Kolesnikova T P
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the results of studies of the Amur River left-bank tributary on the example of the Zavitaya River during the flood in the summer of 2021. The river is exposed to anthropogenic pressure as it flows through the territory of the cultivated landscape of the Zeya-Bureya plain. The waters of the Zavitaya River are characterized by high oxygenation and rich in organic matter due to high values of permanganate oxidizability (PO). In July after the flood the BOD5 value increased. A small number of heterotrophic, ammonium-, nitrite- and phosphorus-oxidizing bacteria during the flood period was associated with water dilution and, accordingly, reflected the violation of the river’s self-purification and self-regulation mechanisms. The results obtained from the study of hydrochemical and microbiological indicators of the Zavitaya River make it possible to reveal the patterns of interaction between natural and anthropogenic components and to assess the possibility of preserving the biodiversity of the river ecosystem.
Diseases of Populus tremula L. in the subtaiga forests of the Yenisei Siberia: pathogens and their impact
Authors: Tatarintsev A I , Mikhaylov P V
Published: February 2022

P. tremula (aspen) stands in boreal forests usually act as an intermediate stage of regenerative successions. One should not underestimate the role of ecological functions provided by aspen forests and their resource potential. Aspen forests occupy up to 25% of the most intensively exploited forests of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Dendropathogenic organisms often determine P. tremula stands condition. The research is aimed to study the phytopathological state of P. tremula stands in the subtaiga forests of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. The study was carried out in the subtaiga aspen forests of the Educational and experimental Karaulny forestry enterprise of the Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology (Reshetnev University). Research methods included route and detailed forest pathological examination (on four sample plots), complex macroscopic diagnosis of diseases, identification of signs and symptoms of the diseases, and the diameter distribution series analysis. A significant part of the aspen forests in the study region suffers varying degrees of disturbance. Pathogenic biota composition includes fungi and bacteria differing in their parasitic activity and specialization. Hymenomycete Ph. tremulae is the most common in aspen stands. Stem rot caused by Ph. tremulae increases the risk of wind damage and reduces the value of forest stands. The main biotic factors affecting aspen forests are bacterioses causing necrosis canker and root rot caused by A. mellea s. l. These widespread diseases have a systemic negative effect on trees of different cenotic status in aspen forests; they usually form foci in adjacent areas, which accelerate the destruction of forest stands. Accumulation of A. mellea s. l. infection in aspen forests is potentially dangerous for coniferous plantations. Micromycetes affecting the phyllosphere lead to the weakening of young aspen trees. V. tremulae sometimes causes the undergrowth to dry out.
Broiler chickens product quality as an indicator of sustainable poultry farming development
Authors: Skvortsova E G , Filinskaya O V , Bushkareva A S , Mostofina A V , Konovalov A V
Published: February 2022

In the article parameters of meat cross ROSS 308broiler chickens’ productivity depending on different dosages, increasing ecological quality are considered. The applied mixed composition fodder was investigated. It was found that the chicken’s body weight from the first and second experimental groups before slaughter was 271.3 g (13.6%) and 103 g (5.1%) higher than in the control group. Differences in the weight of gutted and half-gutted carcasses, pectoral muscles and bone tissue of chickens of experimental and control groups were found. The probiotic preparation “Yarosil” inclusion in the broiler chickens’ diet increased the yield of gutted carcasses in the first and second experimental groups to 72.9% and 72.0% respectively, which contributes to sustainable development in the region and Russia as a whole.
Rare species of the genus Allium L. (Alliaceae) from the flora of the Republic of Bashkortostan under cultivation within the city of Ufa
Authors: Maslova N V , Elizaryeva O A
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of long-term introduction experience of rare species of the genus Allium L. (Alliaceae J. Agardh.) of the flora of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The collection includes 7 rare species, which are mainly represented by a few samples. These species are included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan (2011). These species are of interest as valuable resource plants. Plants are grown both in monoculture and mixture. Mobilization has been performed by transplanting the plants from natural populations. According to the scale of introduction resistance under cultivation in the forest-steppe zone of the republic, A. hymenorhizum, A. nutans, A. obliquum are highly resistant species, A. flavescens is resistant, and A. microdyction is weakly resistant. All species reproduce by seed and vegetatively. The possibility of obtaining planting and sowing material for carrying out reintroduction works is shown. This material is successfully used to increase the number of critical populations of A. hymenorhizum, A. nutans, A. obliquum and to create artificial populations in situ and ex situ.
Determination of the potential rooting rate of green cuttings of the heteropodal barberry (Berberis heteropoda Schrenk.) by the structure of the radial parenchyma
Authors: Bakhtaulova A S , Oryngazy A , Ukusheva T K , Atabayeva A M
Published: February 2022

The wild-fruit species of barberry is a rare representative of the flora of the Zhetysu Alatau. In order to determine the potential rootability of green cuttings of this species, anatomical studies of the structure of the stem, the features of the structure of the radial parenchyma and the description of the core ray were carried out. The radial parenchyma of barberry is distinguished by the predominance of single-row core rays. The presence of heterocellular two and three-row core rays in the structure of the stem characterizes the barberry as a difficult - to - root species. The obtained research results can be used to develop the technological process of green cuttings.