bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
К вопросу о реализации веб-приложения (на примере приложения Service Desk)
Authors: Токтаров Т.М. , Белаш В.Ю.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье рассмотрен вопрос создания веб-приложения для регистрации и учѐта обращений пользователей в службу технической поддержки. Система разработана с помощью актуальных веб-технологий и веб инструментов, благодаря чему интерфейс получился производительным, а серверная часть и система баз данных – надежными. Данное веб-приложение дает возможность пользователю зарегистрировать обращение, зная, что в дальнейшем его заявка не будет утеряна и будет выполнена в любом случае, а операторам видеть количество обращений в одном окне и планировать свое рабочее время для решения задач.
Нейронные сети: исторический обзор развития, формирования и особенности нейронных сетей в сравнении с биологическими сетями
Authors: Удилов Н.С.
Published: April 2024

Данная статья представляет собой исторический обзор развития, формирования и особенностей нейронных сетей в сравнении с биологическими сетями. В статье рассматриваются основные этапы развития нейронных сетей, начиная с их зарождения и заканчивая современными технологиями и применениями. Особое внимание уделяется сравнению нейронных сетей с биологическими сетями, исследуется сходство и различия между ними. Авторы статьи также анализируют уникальные особенности нейронных сетей, которые делают их эффективными инструментами для решения различных задач.
Регрессионный анализ на разреженных данных
Authors: Чувилѐв Г.Р.
Published: April 2024

Регрессионный анализ на разреженных данных представляет собой важное направление в статистическом моделировании, нацеленное на эффективное решение задач, связанных с данными, в которых большинство признаков имеют нулевые значения. В данной работе путем сепарации данных сравниваются регрессионные модели "бедных" и "богатых" данных, делается перекрестное тестирование, выделяются ключевые свойства моделей.
Построение регрессионной модели для прогнозирования средствами Python
Authors: Шабашов Е.В.
Published: April 2024

В работе исследована и построена регрессионная модель на основе реальных данных с использованием Python. Процесс включал предобработку данных, выбор подходящих признаков и обучение модели. Оценка точности выполнена с применением коэффициента детерминации, что позволило оценить эффективность модели в прогнозировании целевой переменной.
Automatic detection and analysis of malicious files using artificial intelligence
Authors: Nikitin D.S.
Published: April 2024

This article examines the importance of cybersecurity in today's digital age and the rise in threats posed by malware. An overview of various methods for detecting malicious files is provided, taking into account their advantages and problems at this stage of technology development.
Возможности интеллектуальных приборов учета в борьбе с хищениями электроэнергии
Authors: Александрова К.В. , Калякова А.В. , Маслов И.Н.
Published: April 2024

В статье описывается необходимость внедрения и использования современной интеллектуальной системы учета электроэнергии на промышленных предприятиях. Рассмотрены функции интеллектуальных приборов учета на примере счетчика СЕ308.
Заземление линии электропередачи
Authors: Артамонова Е.В. , Хан М.М.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье рассматривается заземление линии электропередачи, произведен расчет линии электропередачи при однородным грунте. С развитием электроэнергетики тема воздушных линий электропередачи становится все более популярной. Использование линии производится для передачи и распределения электроэнергии по проводам, которые располагаются снаружи и закрепляются изоляторами и линейной арматурой на опорах. С каждым годом строительство линий увеличивается, с целью объединения энергосистем и снижения установленной мощности электростанций за счет объединения резервов.
Экологическое обоснование перевода на природный газ котла ДЕ-6,5-14 Исакогорского территориального участка Северной дирекции теплоснабжения
Authors: Илларионова Ю.А. , Илларионов В.А.
Published: April 2024

В статье представлено экологическое обоснование перевода на природный газ котла ДЕ6,5-14 котельной Исакогорского теплового узла Северной дирекции теплоснабжения.
Развитие ядерных технологий
Authors: Меньшатов А.М.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье исследуется проблематика ядерных модульных реакторов, которые являются новым поколением технологии ядерной энергетики. Целью исследования является оценка эффективности и безопасности ядерных модульных реакторов с учетом их потенциального применения в различных отраслях, таких как энергетика, промышленность и судостроение.
Анализ изменения структуры генерирующих мощностей энергообъединений РФ на 2024-2029 гг.
Authors: Николаев Ю.Е. , Сизов С.В.
Published: April 2024

Проведен анализ выводимых и вводимых генерирующих мощностей электростанций, проведение ремонтных работ и нового строительства трансформаторных подстанций, линий электропередач в период 2024-2029гг. Наибольшие мощности предполагается ввести на тепловых электростанциях с использованием парогазовых установок и возобновляемых источников энергии. Реализация программы обновления энергетического оборудования позволит повысить эффективность, надежность и экологичность ЕЭС.
Обзор газовых турбин, работающих на солнечной энергии
Authors: Разакова К.И. , Вилданов Р.
Published: April 2024

Солнечные газовые турбины представляют собой перспективное направление в области генерации электричества и энергии. Они используют солнечную энергию, что делает их экологически чистыми и позволяет снизить выбросы углекислого газа и других вредных веществ. Эти турбины эффективно используют ресурс солнечной энергии, что снижает зависимость от дорогостоящих исчерпаемых ископаемых топлив. Однако, они требуют дальнейшего совершенствования технологий и имеют высокую стоимость производства. Солнечные газовые турбины все больше привлекают внимание и стимулируются государственными регулированиями и субсидиями.
Перспективы развития тепловой и ядерной энергетики России
Authors: Соколов К.А. , Вилданов Р.Р. , Бондарева А.С.
Published: April 2024

Тепловая и ядерная энергетика играет значительную роль в энергетическом комплексе России. Страна обладает мощным ядерным потенциалом, который успешно используется для обеспечения собственных энергетических потребностей и повышения экономического развития. В этой статье мы рассмотрим эти отрасли поподробнее, а также поговорим о перспективах развития тепловой и ядерной энергетики России.
Обзор новых технологий сжигания для производства экологически чистой энергии в газовых турбинах
Authors: Цюпко Д.Д. , Вилданов Р.Р.
Published: April 2024

Современные требования к экологической безопасности и устойчивому развитию обусловили необходимость поиска новых технологий сжигания для производства энергии в газовых турбинах. В данной статье проводится обзор новых технологий сжигания, обеспечивающих эффективное и экологически безопасное производство энергии в газовых турбинах. Рассматриваются различные виды инновационных технологий, такие как сухое низкооксидное сжигание, использование вторичных систем воздуха, рециркуляция продуктов сгорания, снижение температуры сгорания и др. Кроме того, в статье описываются преимущества и недостатки каждой из рассматриваемых технологий, а также их возможное влияние на экологию и климат.
Ядерная энергетика и возобновляемые источники энергии
Authors: Шайнуров Р.Д. , Вилданов Р.Р.
Published: April 2024

Вопрос о роли ядерной энергетики и возобновляемых источников энергии в процессе декарбонизации и долгосрочного устойчивого развития мировой энергетики. Ядерная энергия определяется как один из наиболее эффективных и низкоуглеродных способов генерации электричества, обеспечивая стабильное и бесперебойное производство электроэнергии в больших объемах. Однако она также сталкивается с проблемами утилизации радиоактивных отходов и высокими затратами на строительство и эксплуатацию ядерных электростанций. В свете этого, особое внимание уделяется развитию возобновляемых источников энергии, таких как солнечная, ветряная и гидроэнергия, которые становятся все более популярными в мире благодаря своей экологической чистоте и неисчерпаемости. В статье анализируются различные подходы к интеграции ядерной энергетики и возобновляемых источников в общую энергетическую систему, а также обсуждается необходимость развития технологий, направленных на повышение эффективности использования возобновляемых ресурсов и снижение экологических рисков ядерной энергетики.
Lent and Easter in the Philippines:Catholic Religious Practices in the Discourse of Gender Performativity.
Authors: Tamayo Jose Antonio Lorenzo L.
Published: April 2024

Filipinos consider Holy Week as the holiest of days of Lent and Easter. During this time, the country is shrouded with centuries-old rituals and practices that persist in contemporary times. Using the framework of gender performativity, this study examines three forms of pamamanata (devotion): pagsasanto (taking care of a religious image), penitensya (penance), and salubong (Easter procession). The aim is to identify pamamanata practices that align with the feminine, masculine, gay, and those bordering between masculine and feminine tropes. The study maximized data from the author’s fieldwork and ethnographic materials written by academics. This study found that the three pamamanata traditions are gendered practices and that these are affected by the agencies of the family, community, and religion.
Issues of Urbanizations in Kyrgyzstan: New Settlements of Bishkek
Authors: Alymbaev Mirlan
Published: April 2024

Urbanization in Kyrgyzstan, in particular the capital city of Bishkek faces the rapid growth of new settlements that often outpaces the developmental issues such as infrastructure, housing shortages, social services, employment, environmental impact, cultural and social integration, security, land ownership and property rights. These issues can be complex, and lead to disputes and uncertainty for residents. This can hinder development in new settlements. Efforts to address these urbanization issues in new settlements around Bishkek city should involve comprehensive urban planning, infrastructure development, land management, and social policies. It's essential to ensure that urbanization contributes to improved living conditions and opportunities for all residents, fostering sustainable and inclusive growth.
Psychotherapeutic Journeys into the Spiritual World of Healing on the Wings of Gnawa Music: An Anthropological Study
Authors: Madili Meryem
Published: April 2024

From the sufferings their art was born, from the torture they lived in during their life as slaves their music was created. From the torturing tools used on them they created their own musical instruments. From their screams as slaves, they composed a new music with unique rhythms. Gnawa become a cultural phenomenon in Morocco. A sufi confrerie imploring God, the prophet and the saints to release them from slavery, torture and the sufferings they encountered. Their music is considered spiritual because it calls souls to join its magic. Gnawa plays a psychotherapeutic role in healing people from various diseases through the practices of syncretic rituals and the trance state they put the participants into. All of these elements music, dances and rituals converge and synthesize into an event called lila a rich ceremony in which the sick tormented by spirits could get healed. This paper examines the practices and impact of the lila ceremony on the community from a psychological point of view revealing each step of the collective healing process and methods as used in the rituals.
Assimilation and Acculturation Processes in the Study of Inter-Ethnic Marriages
Authors: Abdinassir Nazira
Published: April 2024

Inter-ethnic marriages present a captivating arena for examining assimilation and acculturation processes, where individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds merge their identities. This article delves into the dynamics of inter-ethnic marriages in the Turkestan region of Southern Kazakhstan through the lens of assimilation and acculturation theories. Utilizing data collected from 45 interviews across five villages, including Zhana Iqan, Hantagy, Shornak, Turki poselkasy, and Kentau, the study explores various aspects of daily life such as language usage, religious practices, traditions, cuisine, and ethnic values. Research questions probe how individuals negotiate cultural differences in their interactions and interpret multicultural coexistence through assimilation, acculturation, and dissimilation theories. The hypothesis posits three cohabitation patterns -acculturation, assimilation, and dissimilation- equally valid within the same cultural and geographical space. Employing qualitative methods including interviews and surveys, the study uncovers patterns of adaptation and the degree of assimilation or acculturation within relationships. By analyzing data through the prism of assimilation and acculturation theories, the study sheds light on how cultural elements are integrated into daily routines and decision-making processes within inter-ethnic marriages. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how individuals navigate cultural diversity within marital relationships, enriching scholarly discourse on multiculturalism and societal relations.
Cultural Resistance and Collective Memory: The Impact of Nationalism of the Vargas Dictatorship on Hungarian Heritage in Jaraguá Do Sul - SC
Authors: Maes Fernanda Lucia
Published: April 2024

This work encompasses an analysis of the dictatorship experienced in Brazil between 1937 and 1945, during the Estado Novo (New State), the government of Getúlio Vargas, when there was an attempt to consolidate a fictitious homogeneity in the country, especially regarding culture. In a country where layers of different cultural influences converge, making it rich, unique, and celebrated for its diversity, cultural heritage is of extreme importance. During this period, in a contradictory manner, through repression and adaptation of culture to fit the interests of the State, the period witnessed censorship and sometimes even the forgetting of cultural heritages that somewhat conflicted with the interests of the regime at the time. The issues that emerge are related to the impact of nationalism in the face of the repression of the expression of different cultures, through documentary research in primary sources, including publications in local newspapers and testimonials from descendants of the local community about the collective memory of the repression of the cultural expression of immigrants in the southern region, finally reaching the feelings generated that resonate to this day. The analysis reached a possible rupture and distortion of the collective memory, indicating how nationalism shaped and still shapes imagined communities. Amidst a discussion that also presents an analysis of the role of nationalist discourses in architecture and its homogenization.
Features of the formation of the ontogenetic structure of the cenopopulation and seed productivity of Sanguisorba officinalis in the conditions of forest and forest‐steppe vegetation of the Middle Volga region, Russia
Authors: Dubrovnaya S. A. , Khusnetdinova L. Z. , Timofeeva O. A.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this work is to study the features of the life cycle of Sanguisorba officinalis in various types of vegetation in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. We used traditional methods for studying the cenopopulation, analysis of the calendar age of plants of various ontogenetic states, and potential and actual seed productivity. Under broad‐leaved forest conditions, a young normal population was formed on the basis of slowly developing plants. In conditions of open communities, young cenopopulations were formed on the basis of intensive seed reproduction processes. The young cenopopulation can be recommended for further study in biomass exploitation. The predominance of long‐lived vegetative and immature plants in the conditions of a broad‐leaved forest is associated with difficulties in the transition of individuals to sexual reproduction. The maintenance of numbers is carried out through vegetative growth and reproduction. With deterioration of ecological and coenotic conditions, above‐ground shoots were not formed but regressive‐quasisenile coenopopulations were formed. Seed productivity was determined by ecological and cenotic conditions. On the steppe meadow of the Bugulma district, the lowest seed productivity index was 9 %. The lowest indicator of the trait “Number of full‐fledged seeds” (the average indicator was 7), low seed germination and germination energy were also noted there. The highest values of these indicators were noted n glades of the broad‐leaved areas of the same region. The realization of the reproductive system of Sanguisorba officinalis even under extreme conditions and the survival of the species in various types of vegetation suggest that the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan is included in the ceno‐area of the species. This will permit the creation of plantations in the republic.
Steppe ecosystems of the arid zone of southern Russia as a factor in the effective development of livestock farming
Authors: Surov A. I. , Lapenko N. G. , Khonina O. V. , Oganyan L. R. , Starostina M. A.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the research is to assess the current state of steppe ecosystems, which are subjected to human impact and to provide scientifically‐based proposals for the conservation and regeneration of their natural potential.

The object of the study is the steppe ecosystems of the arid zone in the Stavropol Territory. The research conducted in 2019–2021 included the use of methods and techniques, encompassing the geobotanical, economic and statistical, abstract and logical, computational and constructive.

An analysis of the natural resource potential of the steppes in the arid zone of Stavropol Territory showed a discrepancy between the current livestock and the carrying capacity of this territory. The forage for grazing is about 830 thousand tons of feed units, which is 1.5 times lower than the livestock needs. The predominant plant associations are wormwoodbluegrass‐sedge, bluegrass‐sheep fescue‐wormwood, bluegrass‐feather grass‐wormwood, bluegrass‐ wormwood‐salt grass with low species diversity – from 10 to 17 species per 100 m2. The plant cover of the soil is from 30 to 60 %, which indicates its sparseness. The average biological yield of phytomass is 7.0 kg/ha of air‐dry matter. The species diversity of the steppe communities is represented by weed species that have low forage quality. In natural phytocenoses, the cereals dominant in forming cenoses in virgin land, have been lost. There are no any representatives of the legume family in the plant stand.

The scientific approach to sustainable development, conservation and regeneration of the potential of natural ecosystems in agricultural landscapes involves the rational use and improvement (rehabilitation) of the remaining low‐yield natural grass stands that have lost the ability of regeneration.
Soil and ecological assessment of the technogenically disturbed landscape in the area of a coal mine dump
Authors: Timoshchuk I. V. , Asyakina L. K. , Gorelkina A. К. , Osintseva M. A. , Golubtsova J. V. , Milentyeva I. S.
Published: April 2024

Study of the soil‐ecological state of technogenic landscapes of Kuzbass through the example of coal mine dumps.

Soil samples were taken in places with disturbed landscapes due to the action of the coal industry, namely the external dump on the site of the coal mine in the area of the village of Zarinskoye, Belovsky district, Kemerovo region in the south‐east of Western Siberia. The indicators were determined in accordance with GOST standards.

Diagnostics of the surface of the coal mine dump were carried out. The main physical and chemical indicators were determined, according to which the possibility of soil formation and biological reclamation was assessed. In analyzing chemical composition, the following indicators were determined: aqueous pH, hydrolytic acidity, total alkalinity, dry residue, ash content, humus content and ion content (Cl–, SO42–, HCO3–, Ca2, Mg2+, Al3+). Physical indicators of the degree of suitability of soils for reclamation, such as hygroscopic moisture, soil moisture, soil density and soil porosity, were also studied.

The results obtained allow us to characterise the technogenically disturbed areas in terms of physical and chemical properties as being limitedly favourable for plant growth, which can be used for biological reclamation following agrotechnical activity.
Modernization of the organizational structure of the North Caucasus tourism cluster
Authors: Hubaev T. A. , Tegetaeva O. R.
Published: April 2024

To develop a modernized model of the architecture of the tourist cluster of the North Caucasus Federal District in modern economic realities, taking into account the multifaceted tourism potential of the territory, including opportunities for the development of skiing tourism, as well as sanatorium‐resort recreation with a combination of business visits, cultural and historical excursions, organisation of sports, events and other niche types of tourism. The study was carried out by modeling based on the analysis of data on the natural, historical, socio‐cultural features of the North Caucasus, as well as on the assessment of socio‐economic indicators of the tourism industry over the past five years.

The study indicates that for the effective development and promotion of the tourist cluster of the North Caucasus Federal District, it is necessary to expand the range of services provided from homogeneous skiing tourism to multidirectional initiatives, combining the synergetic effect of deepening technological ties and cooperation of residents of the tourist cluster regions.

The introduction of a matrix model of a tourism cluster of the North Caucasus in the management of the activities and marketing promotion of the tourism industry in the southern region of Russia would make the North Caucasus an outstanding centre of tourist attraction, a worthy competitor of world tourist resorts.
Ecological condition of marine waters in the area of dredging operations of the kashagan field, Kazakhstan
Authors: Kanbetov A. Sh. , Kulbatyrov D. K. , Tulegenova O. Sh. , Gilazhov Y. G. , Shakhmanova A. K. , Abilgaziyeva А. A.
Published: April 2024

To determine the hydrophysical and hydrochemical parameters of sea water and their changes during dredging works in the north‐eastern part of the Caspian Sea along the Western Approach Route and near/inside block D, islands EPC‐2, EPC‐3, EPC‐4 and island A of the Kashagan field.

Measurement of hydrophysical parameters: salinity, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen concentration, electrical conductivity, pH of seawater was carried out using a portable multi‐parameter analyser "Horiba‐U53" directly in the water column. Water transparency was determined using a Secchi disc. The depth of the water layer was determined using a sounder. Hydrochemical investigations were carried out for seven parameters, with all components sampled in the near‐surface and benthic horizons. Water samples were taken using probes or bathometers: BM‐48, GR‐18 or their analogues.

Hydrochemical analyses of seawater samples for: biogens (NO2, NO3, NH4, Ntotal, and Ptotal), synthetic surfactants, phenols, hydrocarbons including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS), heavy metals, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). These were carried out in laboratory conditions using analytical equipment according to scientifically accepted methods.

The data obtained as a result of the research allow us to draw the following conclusion: changes in the amount of suspended sediment in sea water lead to changes in physical and chemical properties of water (increase in turbidity, disturbance of sediment composition and properties), changes in biotopes, deterioration of oxygen regime, optical properties of water and temperature regime.
Risk management of emergency situations caused by flooding of built‐up mountain areas
Authors: Arefyeva E. V. , Oltyan I. Yu. , Prus Yu. I.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research work is to develop scientific approaches to solving the problem of increasing the sustainability of urbanised territories through flexible regulation of the groundwater regime. The development of a management solution for flexible regulation is carried out on the basis of the application of methods for solving problems of incorrectness.

Materials for the study were data from the study of dangerous hydrogeological processes, systematised, among other matters, based on the results of monitoring natural emergencies at the Research Institute for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations. The approach proposed by the authors is based on the application of a set of methods, including methods of: system analysis, forecasting, numerical modeling, followed by the development of an optimal management solution of emergency situations at the municipal level.

As a result of the numerical modeling carried out in the work, the variants of drainage systems and their operating mode are determined within the framework of the implementation of the proposed approach in the simulation mode. This makes it possible to increase the level o f environmental safety of historically developed built‐up areas, including mountainous ones.

The article presents a new approach to managing the risk of emergencies in case of flooding of buildings and structures in built‐up mountainous territories, including historical territories. In such territories, the watered soil preserves the cultural layer, which determines the need for flexible regulation of the groundwater regime. The results of the study are used in carrying out research work of the State Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GOChS) on the study of dangerous hydrogeological processes and their impact on the environment, life safety, stability of the functioning of economic facilities, monitoring and forecasting of natural emergencies.
New species of the genus Calycomyza Hendel (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in the South Caucasus fauna
Authors: Grigoryan N. M. , Balayan K. V. , Magomedova M. Z. , Magomedova P. D. , Hayrapetyan V. T.
Published: April 2024

To study the diversity of agromizids (leaf miners) in the South Caucasus, the species external morphological features, their host plants, the development of larvae and pupae and to assess the degree of crop infestation by leaf‐miners.

The study was carried out within the framework of the scs 21‐002 scientific program “Leaf miners as pests of agricultural plants (Diptera: Agromyzidae): the latest control measures”. Type samples were fixed in 75 % ethyl alcohol and deposited in the Agrarian Scientific Research Laboratory of the Scientific Centre of Zoology and Hydroecology. Species were identified by examining the male genitalia. The degree of damage of the host–plant was determined based on intensity indicators.

As a result of this research, a new species of the Calycomyza genus was discovered in the South Caucasus fauna. Larvae of C. jucunda (Wulp, 1867) were found on the leaves of Beta vulgaris, a host plant mentioned for the first time here. As a Nearctic species, it was also first discovered in the southern Caucasus.

The study of the male genitalia indicates expansion of the biogeographical distribution of Calycomyza species, as most of them are found in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. In terms of intensity, C. jucunda is classified as a less dangerous species for agricultural crops.
The influence of newly synthesized tellurium-containing cyanine dyes on the intensity of oxidative processes in the bodies of mammals
Authors: Israpilova A. I. , Dzhafarova A. M. , Adieva A. A. , Abakarov G. M. , Guseynova N. O. , Khalimbekova U. Y. , Astaeva M. D. , Bekshokov K. S.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this work was to study the influence of new synthesized organotellurium compounds (TOCs) on the intensity of oxidative processes in the body of mammals – in this case, the blood and liver of rats.

The experiments were performed on white outbred rats, which were given a single dose of various TOC derivatives (0.01 g/kg). The next day, the animals were decapitated, blood was collected and the liver was isolated. The content of products of oxidative modification of lipids and proteins, as well as the low molecular weight antioxidant glutathione, was determined in blood plasma, erythrocytes and liver homogenate.

It was found that all TOC derivatives studied significantly increase the intensity of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and hepatocytes, as evidenced by a multiple increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in them. At the same time, TOC suppresses the levels of oxidative damage to liver proteins, which is expressed in a significant decrease in the content of carbonyl groups. A study of glutathione content in the rat erythrocytes showed the absence of any significant effects of TOS on this antioxidant in erythrocytes.

However, changes in its concentration were found in the liver, which depend on the nature of TOS (for TOS1 and TOS3 a decrease and for TOS2 a slight increase). Newly synthesized TOC demonstrate pronounced prooxidant properties, significantly increasing the intensity of oxidative processes in lipids, which makes them promising agents for antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor therapy.
Changes in the Optical Density of the First Rib and the Coracoid Process of Scapula in Men Depending on Age and Chest Shape According to Computed Tomography
Authors: Ladygin К. V. , Yashina I. N. , Klochkova S. V. , Ladygina А. I. , Yashin F. D.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of changes in the optical density of bone tissue of the first rib and the base coracoid process of scapula in men of different ages without signs of osteoporosis depending on chest shape. Material and methods. The study was performed on tomograms of the chest of 191 men aged from 20 to 70 years. Measurements on tomograms were carried out in the axial plane using the RadiAnt program. The scans measured the optical density of the first rib tubercle, the distal bony part of the first rib, and the base of scapula coracoid process. All measurements were taken in men randomized by age and chest shape. The results of osteometry were processed by statistical methods. Results. The chest shape determines age-related changes in the optical density of bone tissue. In individuals with intermediate and transverse chest shapes, a decrease in the optical density of bone tissue at the base of scapula coracoid process begins to appear at the age of 30–50 years. These changes are most pronounced for the base of coracoid process, regardless of the chest shape, at the age of over 50 years. A decrease in the optical density of the first rib tubercle manifests over the age of 50 years in individuals with intermediate and transverse chest shape. In individuals with a gracile chest shape, the optical density of the bone structure is more stable. The tubercle of the first rib, along with the base of coracoid process, can serve as a prognostic area in the diagnosis of systemic osteoporosis in individuals with transverse and intermediate chest shape. Conclusion. A deterministic approach to the described indicators of changes in the optical density of bone tissue of the first rib and scapula in individuals with different chest shapes, according to SCT tomograms, objectively helps to predict and subsequently verify the manifestations of osteoporosis. The dependences we have identified on changes in bone tissue density and in the structure of correlations between the studied parameters of the first rib and the coracoid process indicate pronounced somatotypic variability, which must be taken into account when developing restorative treatment and predicting the course of orthopedic diseases in people of different age.
Opportunities and Threats for Vietnamese Brand Chilli Sauce Products
Authors: Hoang Thanh Tung , Huynh Tri Nang , Nguyen Duc Duy
Published: April 2024

The article examines the characteristics that make Vietnamese chilli sauce products stand out, and the formation and development of some strong chilli sauce brands leading the Vietnamese chilli sauce market today. At the same time, the article points out opportunities and threats for Vietnamese brand chilli sauce products. Among them, opportunities for the development of Vietnamese chilli sauce products: (i) High consumer demand; (ii) Vietnamese chilli sauce businesses understand the domestic market; (iii) Local and international culinary trends; (iv) Effective marketing strategy; (v) Cooperation and association; (vi) Affirming brand and reputation in the food industry; (vii) Actively participate in fairs and exhibitions in world markets; (viii) Take advantage of e-commerce channels to compete domestically and bring products to the world market. Besides, the article also points out the threats facing the Vietnamese chilli sauce brand: (i) Consumer psychology; (ii) Fierce competition with foreign brands; (iii) Differences in principles for building food standards between countries when bringing chilli sauce products to the world market; (iv) Standards are increasingly strict for the food industry. The research results are the basis for the research team to consider and propose solutions from the government/associations and businesses to develop Vietnamese chilli sauce brands.
A farinha bragantina: A alma da identidade e segurança alimentar das comunidades tradicionais
Authors: Eyzaguirre Indira A. L. , Fernandes Monteiro Genilson
Published: April 2024

Este ensaio visual é resultado de uma pesquisa no acompanhamento da produção da farinha em três comunidades. A farinha é a base da segurança alimentar das comunidades tradicionais no norte paraense. Com este ensaio, nós queremos visibilizar a importância deste alimento por ser a identidade cultural dessas populações.
Necropolítica candiru: corpo trans devorado na Amazônia
Authors: Ricardo Lopes Fabrício , Filgueiras Toneli Maria Juracy , Manuel de Oliveira João
Published: April 2024

Este texto propõe o termo necropolítica candiru para compreender formas de violência atmosférica presentes na Amazônia. Esse tipo de violência filia os contextos amazônicos ao apagamento sistemático de corpos e territórios considerados socialmente descartáveis, recorrendo a uma ideia de ausência de Estado que as torna possíveis. Destacam-se os conjuntos teóricos de estudos sobre necropolítica e violência atmosférica e, portanto, de epistemologias que permitem interrogar as hegemonias na produção de conhecimento sobre as violências fundantes dos sujeitos e de territórios colonizados. Desse modo, é possível afirmar que as ações de extermínio de pessoas trans revelam regulações não apenas no campo de gênero e sexualidade, mas toda uma gramática necropolítica que funda corpos/territórios por meio da violência na Amazônia.
Polityka rachunkowości w zakresie wyceny aktywów i zobowiązań
Authors: Kawacki Marek
Published: April 2024

Accounting policy in the valuation of assets and liabilities. The subject of this chapter is the initial and balance sheet valuation of assets and liabilities in the context of accounting policy. The aim of the chapter is to present and discuss the principles of asset and liability valuation, as well as to outline the areas where the choice of valuation methods is possible within accounting policy. The research methods used in the publication included the analysis of legal acts and literature. The final result of the study has been presented using a deductive method. In the chapter, methods for valuing individual groups of assets and liabilities have been identified and described, and six main components of the accounting policy have been summarized, in which there should be a reference to valuation in accordance with the provisions of the Polish Accounting Act. The practical value of the publication is the prepared list of the minimum scope of the accounting policy regarding the valuation of assets and liabilities.
Polityka rachunkowości w zakresie ładu korporacyjnego zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Błażyńska Joanna
Published: April 2024

Accounting policy for corporate governance and sustainable development. Corporate governance describes the principles, relationships and processes under which an entity is managed and its management bodies are controlled. The aim of the chapter is to assess the accounting policies of listed companies from the point of view of their compliance with good corporate governance practices for sustainable development. Using the source analysis method, the essence and legal basis for shaping corporate governance policy are presented. During the empirical study, five main thematic areas of non-application of corporate governance principles by companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in the WIG-ESG index were identified: (1) diversity policy towards the management board and the supervisory board, (2) reporting of ESG areas, (3) organization of the general meeting meetings, (4) remuneration of the supervisory board and managerial shares, (5) organization of internal audit.
Polityka rachunkowości w kreowaniu wizerunku jednostki gospodarczej i zarządzaniu wrażeniem
Authors: Czajkowska Katarzyna
Published: April 2024

Accounting policy in creating the image of an economic entity and impression management. The purpose of this chapter is to assess how accounting policy can affect the creation of the image of an economic entity generated by the accounting system and presented in published reports, especially financial statements, as well as the possibility of using accounting policy in impression management. The conducted considerations show that the selection of appropriate solutions in the field of accounting policy functioning within the right to choose and the fields of free action allows to create an image of the company favourable from the point of view of a given company. Conscious creating accounting policy of an economic entity and the application of selected principles makes it possible to evoke such an impression on the recipients of reporting information, which may encourage them to make decisions desirable from the point of view of managers.
Na Wschodniej w Łodzi. Opowieść o handlowej ulicy w przemysłowym mieście
Authors: Karpińska Grażyna Ewa
Published: April 2024

W artykule rekonstruuję obraz handlowej ulicy Wschodniej w okresie międzywojennym, ulicy, na której Żydzi trudnili się handlem i drobną wytwórczością. Spacerując po ulicy opowiadam o istniejących tu sklepach i sklepikach, warsztatach rzemieślniczych, piwiarniach, herbaciarniach czy jadłodajniach. Artykuł powstał na podstawie dokumentów archiwalnych, opracowań badaczy na temat Łodzi przemysłowej, materiałów z lokalnej, międzywojennej codziennej prasy.
Budowanie Łodzi nowoczesnej
Authors: Stefański Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

Łódź wyrosła w ciągu XIX wieku jako duży ośrodek przemysłowy zmagając się z wieloma problemami wynikającymi z zaniedbań w sferze infrastruktury miejskiej. W dziedzinie urbanistyki dawały o sobie znać negatywne aspekty planowania z pierwszego okresu rozwoju miasta, gdy nie brano pod uwagę tak znacznego rozwoju przemysłowego i przyrostu liczby ludności; w sferze architektonicznej widoczne było wielkie kontrasty, niekorzystne przemieszanie zabudowy mieszkaniowej i przemysłowej, brak planowana w większej skali. Próby zmiany tej sytuacji na początku XX wieku, przed 1914 r., nie miały szans powodzenia wobec polityki prowadzonej przez władze rosyjskie. Pierwsze przejawy dążeń modernizacyjnych pojawiły się w trakcie I wojny światowej, w okresie okupacji niemieckiej, ale w sytuacji wojennej nie było możliwości ich zastosowania w praktyce. Dopiero po odzyskaniu niepodległości pojawiły się szanse na działania w większej skali. Liczne przedsięwzięcia władz miejskich bądź inicjatywy społeczne przynosiły jednak połowiczne rezultaty w sytuacji ciągłych problemów finansowych oraz sporów politycznych. Mimo tego udało się stworzyć nowy plan regulacyjny miasta i podjąć inwestycje zmieniające wizerunek miasta. Znaczną rolę odegrali też prywatni przedsiębiorcy budujący w centrum miasta dużą liczbę nowoczesnych kamienic, wprowadzając na dużą skalę formy modernistyczne.
Ruiny nieobiecane. Destrukcja i re-konstrukcja łódzkiego modernizmu
Authors: Nieszczerzewska Małgorzata
Published: April 2024

W artykule podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, do czego potrzebna jest nam współcześnie XIX-wieczna architektura i na czym polega łódzka, rewitalizacyjna „gra w nowoczesność”. Autorka analizuje zagadnienie procesu modernizowania Łodzi w kontekście wielowymiarowej konstrukcji/destrukcji/re-konstrukcji poszczególnych fragmentów jej przestrzeni, wykorzystując przede wszystkim koncepcję niejednoznaczności i wielowymiarowości ruin jako zjawiska kulturowego. W nawiązaniu do powieści Władysława Reymonta „Ziemia obiecana”, podkreśla jedną z podstawowych ambiwalencji ruin odsyłającą do ich alegorycznej i widmowej natury. Analizując proces współczesnych re-kontekstualizacji łódzkich ruin (przede wszystkim w znaczeniu ich rewitalizacji i rewaloryzacji), autorka proponuje natomiast użycie terminu „modernizm skonsumowany” oraz przywołuje kontekst kultury vintage.
Łódź 1911. Widzenia Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza
Authors: Wójcik Tomasz
Published: April 2024

Przedmiotem szkicu jest namysł nad pierwszym spotkaniem Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza z Łodzią (w roku 1911). Jako źródło wiedzy o tym spotkaniu służą eseistyczne zapisy pisarza. Z ich konfrontacji z odpowiednio dobranymi dokumentami historycznymi wyłania się – w istocie znacznie ogólniejsza – kwestia szczególnej relacji pomiędzy werystycznym i fantazmatycznym widzeniem / opisaniem miasta. Równocześnie szkic jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie znaczenie dla duchowej formacji Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza miało to pierwsze zobaczenie Łodzi – czyli wieku XX i nowoczesności.
Tendencje modernizacyjne na łamach łódzkich czasopism literackich dwudziestolecia międzywojennego
Authors: Cieślak Tomasz
Published: April 2024

Artykuł prezentuje ważny aspekt życia kulturalnego Łodzi w okresie międzywojennym, jakim były pojawiające się wówczas, zwłaszcza w latach trzydziestych, lokalne czasopisma literackie. Tworzyły one ferment modernizacyjny, promowały aktualne wówczas tendencje i mody literackie. Czasopisma te, obok prezentowania bieżącego dorobku autorów związanych z Łodzią, próbowały konsolidować łódzkie środowisko literackie (zwłaszcza młode pokolenie) oraz inicjować dyskusję o społecznych powinnościach literatury, szczególnie istotnych w środowisku wielkiego ośrodka przemysłowego.
Can Rural Property Tax Generate Revenue? A Simple Accounting Exercise in Sierra Leone
Authors: Grieco Kevin
Published: April 2024

How should governments in sub-Saharan Africa boost their own-source revenue? In this research note I explore the decision of policymakers to expand property taxation into rural areas in the context of developing countries. A policymaker weighing the costs and benefits of rural taxation must first consider the potential net revenue that can be extracted from rural areas. Ultimately, this is an empirical question that requires reliable data on the costs and potential revenue associated with rural taxation. Unfortunately, little such reliable data exists. In this project, I seek to fill this gap by measuring village-level costs and potential revenue associated with property taxation in Kono District in rural Sierra Leone. Based on a set of simulations, I find that property tax in poor, sparsely-populated rural areas can generate positive net revenue. While these gains are modest, they can provide a meaningful source of local government revenue in a context where incomes are near the bottom of the global distribution, and where there are potentially large returns to government spending. These simulations also highlight several features of rural tax collection. First, to increase net revenue, policymakers should prioritise increasing compliance over reducing collection costs. Second, I show that much of the revenue generated from rural taxation is likely to come from a small subset of the total villages. Third, I highlight several trade-offs between salary-based and pay-for-performance (PFP) models of tax collector compensation. I conclude by situating these results in policymakers’ broader calculus for taxing rural areas.
Relationships Among Nostalgia, Depression and Death Anxiety of Elders in Reminiscence Therapy and Impression
Authors: Ando Michiyo
Published: April 2024

Background: The number of elders increases in these days and for future. Depression or death anxiety is an important problem. There were few empirical studies about depression or death anxiety related with nostalgia.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between Nostalgia Proneness, depression or death anxiety of elders through the reminiscence therapy and impression of the therapy to get support of qualitative results.Method: Elders in an elders’ college participated in the Reminiscence Therapy. After the therapy, they completed questionnaires of the Nostalgia Proneness (positive and negative), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) for depression, a Quick Inventory for Death Attitude 8-item (QIDA-8) for death anxiety, and impression for the therapy.Results: The score of the Nostalgia Proneness (NP)-Positive was 4.77 of 8 point, and that of NP-Negative was 2.77. The score of GDS was 2.72, which was lower than the cutoff point. The NP-Negative significantly related with GDS (r=.45). The NP-negative significantly related with Death Anxiety (r=.49). Chosen categories from impression by qualitative analysis were: “Positive evaluation of the reminiscence therapy,” “Positive evaluation of life history book,” “Memorable memories and emotion,” “Time crossed reconsideration of one’s life,” and “Negative comments for the reminiscence therapy”.Conclusion: Reminiscence Therapy may promote elders’ nostalgia proneness positive and positive impression. Some of elders with nostalgia proneness negative felt depression and death anxiety, and felt negative impression the therapy. We need to consider both positive and negative proneness aspects.
A Set of Reference Materials for Verification and Calibration of Universal Chromatographic Instruments
Authors: Tkachenko I. Y. , Mikheeva A. Y. , Ushal I. E. , Ivanova A. Y. , Budko A. G. , Kharitonov S. G. , Maksakova I. B. , Spirin S. V. , Krylov A. I.
Published: April 2024

Reference materials certified using State primary standards form the basis for ensuring metrological traceability to the corresponding measurement units. The article presents the results of the development of a series of new reference materials for the composition of pure organic substances, intended primarily for calibrating chromatographic equipment with various types of detection.

The developed reference materials ensure traceability of the results of verification (calibration) of standards and measuring instruments, as well as measurement results in various areas of state regulation to ensure the uniformity of measurements. Certified values of reference materials were established by an indirect method – t he mass balance method. Metrological traceability of certified values is ensured by direct measurements on the State Primary Standard GET 208. Reference materials are pure substances packaged in glass ampoules (n-dodecane, n-heptane, n-hexadecane, benzene) or vials (hexachlorobenzene, lindane, reserpine, caffeine, glucose, sucrose, anthracene). The mass fraction of the main component of the reference material is in the range from 98.00 to 99.99 %, the relative expanded uncertainty (at k = 2, P = 0.95) does not exceed 0.5 %. The shelf life of reference materials is established by the accelerated aging method and is 3 years under recommended storage conditions.

The article is of interest to industry specialists –  metrologists, chemists, ecologists who control technological processes in various fields of activity, including the food and chemical industries, environmental protection, and scientific research.

The described reference materials are commercially available to all interested parties.

This study can provide empirical material for research in the field of serial production of reference materials, which can be used as a basis for the certification of other substances –  similar organic substances.