bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Love becomes hate? or love is blind? Moderating effects of brand love upon consumers’ retaliation towards brand failure
Authors: Zhang Ya , Zhang Jing , Sakulsinlapakorn Kongkidakarn
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Extant literature holds contradictory views about the brand love’s moderation effect in the link between brand failure and consumer’s retaliation. This paper aims to first examine how failure severity correlates with negative emotions and how negative emotions lead to retaliation intention. Then, it probes into opposite moderation effects of brand love in these two stages. Further, it explores contingent factors, including perceived fairness, inferred goodwill, aggressive personality and brand trust, which may moderate “love is blind” effect or “love becomes hate” effect.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was conducted among the sample of 293 responses from Thailand, and 239 responses from China. A total of eight hypotheses were tested by adopting hierarchical regression technique and slope analyses.

Findings

The results show that consumers facing brand failure suffer negative emotions and then generate retaliation intention. Brand love positively moderates the link between failure severity and negative emotions, which is called “love becomes hate” effect. Meanwhile, brand love negatively moderates the link between negative emotions and retaliation intention, which is called “love is blind” effect. In addition, perceived fairness and inferred goodwill alleviate “love becomes hate” effect, and aggressive personality decreases “love is blind” effect.

Originality/value

This study makes contribution to brand failure literature by revealing twofold moderating roles of brand love in arousing retaliation behavior of consumers who encounter product/service failure, as well as contingent factors of these roles. Also, the research findings provide managerial implications to brand managers as to how to manage brand failure and reduce consumers’ retaliation by manipulating brand love and relevant contingent variables.
Crowdfunding REITs: a new asset class for the real estate industry?
Authors: Gibilaro Lucia , Mattarocci Gianluca
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The paper aims to study the performance of crowdfunding REITs with respect to traditional REITs in order to evaluate the differences in the risk–return profile and their usefulness for a diversification strategy within the indirect real estate investments.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper considers the crowdfunding REITs introduced after the JOBS act in the United States and evaluates their performance and risk during the time period 2016–2018. Performance achieved by crowdfunding REITs is compared with other types of REITs in order to evaluate their usefulness for constructing an optimal portfolio strategy based on a standard mean variance approach.

Findings

Results show that the performance of crowdfunding REITs is more stable over time with respect to other REITs and the lack of correlation with traditional REITs may be exploited for constructing a more efficient diversified portfolio of indirect real estate investments.

Practical implications

Crowdfunding REITs have different performance with respect to standard REITs and, especially individual investors, may benefit from including this new investment opportunity in their portfolio.

Originality/value

The paper is the first study on the performance of the crowdfunding REITs that is evaluating their usefulness for a diversification strategy within the real estate sector.
Growth factors of the coworking industry: the case of Prague
Authors: Mayerhoffer Manuel
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The global coworking industry is currently growing at a rapid pace. Similarly, Prague is witnessing an influx of global coworking operators who entered the market since 2018 and are expanding significantly. The purpose of this paper is to investigate enabling factors for this growth.

Design/methodology/approach

After a brief review of coworking and relevant typologies of its various forms, the paper conducts a narrative review of the coworking industry in Prague and its socioeconomic situation. This is subsequently linked in a discussion on growth factors that have facilitated the growth of the coworking industry of Prague.

Findings

With global coworking brands expanding in Prague's coworking industry by primarily targeting corporate teams, they benefit from favorable socioeconomic conditions in Prague as an attractive destination for businesses, which increasingly opt for coworking spaces to reap its positive benefits.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the conceptual approach and specific case of Prague, the discussions lack generalizability.

Practical implications

The paper provides valuable insight into the enabling growth factors that can serve practitioners to better predict and react to potential future developments, as well as provide an additional perspective in evaluating corporate real estate.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the still underresearched field of coworking by investigating enabling growth factors in a macroeconomic context.
Social prescribing for patients of secondary mental health services: emotional, psychological and social well-being outcomes
Authors: Dayson Chris , Painter Jo , Bennett Ellen
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the well-being outcomes of a social prescribing model set within a secondary mental health service recovery pathway and understand the key characteristics of a social prescribing referral for producing these outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative case study of one mental health social prescribing service with three nested case studies of social prescribing providers. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with commissioners, providers and patients (n = 20) and analysed thematically.

Findings

Social prescribing makes a positive contribution to emotional, psychological and social well-being for patients of secondary mental health services. A key enabling mechanism of the social prescribing model was the supportive discharge pathway which provided opportunities for sustained engagement in community activities, including participation in peer-to-peer support networks and volunteering.

Research limitations/implications

More in-depth research is required to fully understand when, for whom and in what circumstances social prescribing is effective for patients of secondary mental health services.

Practical implications

A supported social prescribing referral, embedded within a recovery focussed secondary mental health service pathway, offers a valuable accompaniment to traditional approaches. Current social prescribing policy is focussed on increasing the number of link workers in primary care, but this study highlights the importance models embedded within secondary care and of funding VCSE organisations to receive referrals and provide pathways for long-term engagement, enabling positive outcomes to be sustained.

Originality/value

Social prescribing is widely advocated in policy and practice but there are few examples of social prescribing models having been developed in secondary mental health services, and no published academic studies that everybody are aware of.
Urban wellness: the space-out moment
Authors: Lee Louisa Yee-Sum , Lam Kitty Yuk-Ching , Lam Margaret Y.C.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to advocate the emerging trend of wellness tourism in an urban setting. Cities, with dense population and hectic pace of living, pose some challenges on mental health to dwellers. Meanwhile, the populated characteristic of cities opens up opportunities for economic activity, in particular wellness tourism. To comply with the “travel to feel ‘well” trend, product offerings and demand of wellness tourism in urban tourism destinations are yet to be enumerated. The trend paper offers research insights for future investigation.

Design/methodology/approach

The ideas presented in the trend paper are inspired by the personal observation of the author from both scholarly and grey literature.

Findings

The research directions are delineated in the supply and demand facets. In the demand side, the motivations and behaviors of wellness tourist exerted rooms for examination. Their experiences on wellness tourism could possibly extend to the long-term influence on the cognitive, affective and behavioral changes of individuals. From the supply perspective, the current demarcation of wellness tourism is yet to be explored. Intangible supply associated with wellness tourism, namely, event and dining experiences have been ignored in scholarly studies. A fresh review of the topic from socio-cultural perspective is also viable.

Originality/value

The rise of urbanization and visitor arrivals to cities is expected in foreseeable future. To the best of the author’s knowledge, research insights on wellness tourism in the urban context are still at infancy. The insights on the trend paper are consolidated from a wide range of scholarly and grey literature in a holistic manner.
Paternalistic leadership style, employee voice and creativity among entrepreneurs: empirical evidence from SMEs of a developing country
Authors: Soomro Bahadur Ali , Memon Maqsood , Shah Naimatullah
Published: March 2020

Purpose

In today’s world, employee voice has become an important factor in resolving organizational issues and making innovativeness. Therefore, this study proposes to investigate the paternalistic leadership style, employee voice and creativity among entrepreneurs of Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a cross-sectional study design in which a survey questionnaire is employed to collect the data from the respondents. After data cleaning and screening, in total 416 suitable samples are proceeded for data analysis.

Findings

SEM findings underlined as a positive and significant relationship of moral leadership with employee voice. Hence, this study found an insignificant relationship of authoritarian, benevolent leadership with employee voice. Further, the study also finds a positive and significant association between employee voice and creativity.

Practical implications

This study may offer a thoughtful and systematic approach to employee voice and creativity for resolving organizational issues through recommendations/opinions of employees. This study may be helpful for addressing issues by bringing out creativity and innovation to achieve organizational goals and objectives.

Originality/value

This study is the first to investigate the role of employees’ voice, entrepreneurs’ leadership style and creativity in manufacturing SMEs of Pakistan.
Iatrogenic delirium on symptom-triggered alcohol withdrawal protocol
Authors: Park Andrew Chunkil , Goodrich Leigh , Hedayati Bobak , Albert Ralph , Dornhofer Kyle , Knox Erin Danielle
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate delirium as a possible consequence of the application of symptom-triggered therapy for alcohol withdrawal and to explore alternative treatment modalities. In the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, symptom-triggered therapy directs nursing staff to regularly assess patients using standardized instruments, such as the Clinical Institute for Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol, Revised (CIWA-Ar), and administer benzodiazepines at symptom severity thresholds. Symptom-triggered therapy has been shown to lower total benzodiazepine dosage and treatment duration relative to fixed dosage tapers (Daeppen et al., 2002). However, CIWA-Ar has important limitations. Because of its reliance on patient reporting, it is inappropriate for nonverbal patients, non-English speakers (in the absence of readily available translators) and patients in confusional states including delirium and psychosis. Importantly, it also relies on the appropriate selection of patients and considering alternate etiologies for signs and symptoms also associated with alcohol withdrawal.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors report a case of a 47-year-old male admitted for cardiac arrest because of benzodiazepine and alcohol overdose who developed worsening delirium on CIWA-Ar protocol.

Findings

While symptom-triggered therapy through instruments such as the CIWA-Ar protocol has shown to lower total benzodiazepine dosage and treatment duration in patients in alcohol withdrawal, over-reliance on such tools may also lead providers to overlook other causes of delirium.

Originality/value

This case illustrates the necessity for providers to consider using other available assessment and treatment options including objective alcohol withdrawal scales, fixed benzodiazepine dosage tapers and even antiepileptic medications in select patients.
Influence of career identity on ethical leadership: sense-making through communication
Authors: Ren Shuang , Chadee Doren
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The widespread use of communication technologies and social media platforms such as the #ME TOO movement has amplified the importance for business leaders to demonstrate high standards of ethical behavior for career success. Although the concept of ethical leadership has been widely investigated, a theoretical framework from a career perspective does not yet exist.

Design/methodology/approach

This study draws from sensemaking theory to argue that career identity salience shapes leaders' communication behavior to influence the extent to which they are perceived to be ethical by subordinates. We test our hypotheses using multisource data with a sample (n = 337) of business managers.

Findings

The results show that career identity salience has positive influence on communication competence, which positively influences ethical leadership. We further find that communication frequency positively moderates the relationship between communication competence and ethical leadership.

Practical implications

The theoretical and practical implications that, motivated by their career identity, career-ambitious leaders can manipulate subordinates' perceptions of their ethical behavior are discussed along with suggestions for future research.

Originality/value

To our knowledge, this is the first research to provide a career perspective on ethical leadership.
An aging work force that will not retire
Authors: Rubin Larry , Sparzo Gregory M.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to make employers aware of the unique characteristics of the baby boomer generation in the workforce, the causes of boomer behavior and how employers might respond to those unique circumstances. A review of some books and articles is included as documentation of the phenomena.

Design/methodology/approach

As this is not a research paper, there is no specific design or methodology. The approach used was to write an assessment based on the authors’ nearly 50+ years’ experience in the recruiting and talent management field and Sparzo’s academic experience teaching in an MBA program.

Findings

Employers should be mindful that employees who are members of the baby boomer generation are not generally performing or retiring in ways that are similar to previous generations of workers. Recommendations are made as to how to manage this cohort, how to integrate this generation with the members of an employer’s workforce who belong to other younger generations and how the accommodations suggested may be applicable into the future, even after the last boomer retires.

Originality/value

The authors believe that the emerging trends and patterns of baby boomer behavior offer both challenges and opportunities to employers. The authors’ unique view as to how to understand the source of these trends and manage this workforce’s accumulated knowledge, while using the period of longer work-spans to “catch up” in developing strategies to capture, manage and redeploy their knowledge before they leave the employment scene.
Amit Mukherjee: seven principles shaping digital strategy and leadership
Authors: Leavy Brian
Published: March 2020

Purpose

In his new book, Leading in the Digital World: How to Foster Creativity, Collaboration and Inclusiveness, MIT leadership expert, Amit S. Mukherjee identifies seven principles that together help to define the new context for work, organization and leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

The seven principles offer a valuable template for corporate leaders everywhere seeking to understand the new leadership imperatives of the digital age and why the new era “calls for a new kind of leader – one who emphasizes creativity, collaboration and inclusivity.”

Findings

Today, discovering and serving unpredicted, unmet needs creates great customer value. A group that can draw on a multitude of lived experiences is more likely to uncover those than a cloistered, self-aggrandizing one.

Practical implications

The digital world requires executives to have a true collaboration instinct because, typically, no group possesses all the intellectual property necessary to accomplish creative, mission-critical tasks.

Originality/value

Amit Mukherjee’s seven principles offer a new set of insights into the shaping of emerging digital strategy and leadership. The message for leaders: Recognize that in the digital world you must primarily be the connector of people and ideas, not their approver or decider
Morphological diversity in the sensory system of phyllostomid bats: Implications for acoustic and dietary ecology
Authors: Leiser‐Miller Leith B. , Santana Sharlene E.
Published: March 2020

Sensory systems perform fitness‐relevant functions, and specialized sensory structures allow organisms to accomplish challenging tasks. However, broad comparative analyses of sensory morphologies and their performance are lacking for diverse mammalian radiations.

Neotropical leaf‐nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are one of the most ecologically diverse mammal groups; including a wide range of diets and foraging behaviours, and extreme morphological variation in external sensory structures used in echolocation (nose leaf and pinnae).

We coupled 3D geometric morphometrics and acoustic field recordings under a phylogenetic framework to investigate the mechanisms underlying the diversification of external sensory morphologies in phyllostomids, and explored the potential implications of sensory morphological diversity to functional outputs and dietary ecology.

We found that the nose leaf consists of two evolutionary modules—spear and horseshoe—suggesting that modularity enabled morphological and functional diversification of this structure.

We found a significant association between some aspects of nose leaf shape and maximum frequency and bandwidth of echolocation calls, but not between pinnae shape and echolocation call parameters. This may be explained by the use of multiple sensory modes across phyllostomids and plasticity of some echolocation call parameters.

Species with different diets significantly differed in nose leaf shape, specifically in spear breadth, presence of a midrib, and cupping and anterior rotation of the horseshoe. This may relate to different levels of prey type specificity within each diet. Pinnae shape significantly differed between species that consume non‐mobile, non‐evasive prey (broad rounded, cupped pinnae) and mobile, evasive prey (flattened pinnae with a sharp tapering apex). This may reflect the use of different sound cues to detect prey.

Our results give insight into the morphological evolution of external sensory structures in bats, and highlight new links between morphological diversity and ecology.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Multi‐model assessment of hydrological and environmental impacts on streambed microbes in Mediterranean catchments
Authors: Gionchetta Giulia , Artigas Joan , Arias‐Real Rebeca , Oliva Francesc , Romaní Anna Maria
Published: March 2020

Microbes inhabiting intermittent streambeds are responsible for controlling and developing many biogeochemical processes essential for the ecosystem functions. Although streambed microbiota is adapted to intermittency the intensification of water scarcity and prolonged dry periods may jeopardise their capacity to cope with hydrological changes. This study aims to evaluate whether, and to what extent, the duration of dry periods affects streambed microbial density, diversity, composition (16S rRNA gene diversity) and functions (extracellular enzyme activities and respiration). Our results highlight the fact that hydrology modulates the community composition and, to some extent, the functions carried out under different environmental conditions. The relative abundance of certain taxa inhabiting the driest intermittent communities differs significantly from those found at sites with continuous flow. Microbial functional metrics revealed a progressive increase in recalcitrant carbon degradation activity at sites with an extended dry phase. In contrast, bacterial density and diversity were mainly influenced by the catchment land use, agriculture enhanced density but reduced diversity, and the presence of riparian vegetation supported greater streambed bacterial diversity. From this perspective, a combination of prolonged dryness with reduced riparian vegetation and increased agricultural land cover could compromise the ecosystem functioning by threaten microbially mediated processes linked to the carbon cycle.
Pulmonary high‐grade fetal adenocarcinoma associated with cystic airspace: A case report
Authors: Ishida Hironori , Yasuda Masanori , Nitanda Hiroyuki , Yanagihara Akitoshi , Taguchi Ryo , Yoshimura Ryuichi , Umesaki Tetsuya , Sakaguchi Hirozo , Shimizu Yoshihiko
Published: March 2020

Lung cancers associated with cystic airspaces have a life‐threatening risk of a missed or delayed diagnosis. Here, we report a case of pulmonary high‐grade fetal adenocarcinoma, a rare lung carcinoma associated with cystic airspaces, as confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scan. A 73‐year‐old asymptomatic male with a 52‐pack a year smoking habit was referred to our hospital. Lung CT showed a thin‐walled cystic space with exophytic and endophytic solid nodules along the cyst wall. After surgery, histological analysis of a resected lung specimen revealed a pure high‐grade fetal adenocarcinoma probably associated with emphysematous bullae in pulmonary emphysema, suggesting smoking contributed to this pure form, as well as the emphysema. In conclusion, when treating elderly men with a smoking history, physicians need to carefully examine the walls of cystic airspaces on CT for fetal adenocarcinoma.

Key points

Significant findings of the study

Pulmonary high‐grade fetal adenocarcinoma may be associated with emphysematous bullae manifesting as cystic air spaces as shown by computed tomography.

What this study adds

When scanning by computed tomography, physicians should carefully examine the pulmonary cystic airspace walls in elderly men with a smoking history.
Auditors' Fee Premiums and Low‐Quality Internal Controls*
Authors: Bae Gil S. , Choi Seung UK , Lamoreaux Phillip T. , Lee Jae Eun
Published: March 2020

We examine the relation between low‐quality internal controls and audit fee premiums. Using a novel data set of audit hours and audit fees we find, consistent with the audit risk model, that auditors increase their effort (hours) owing to low internal control quality. We find that auditors also charge a significant fee premium to clients with internal control weaknesses. This premium is observed for severe internal control weaknesses and companies with low‐quality alternative governance mechanisms. The results are robust to multiple methods to address endogeneity, including company fixed effects, difference‐in‐differences design, and a propensity score‐matched sample. Taken as a whole, low internal control quality leads to fee premiums, which are a deadweight loss to client companies.
Testing the environmental warming responses of Brachyscome daisy species using a common garden approach
Authors: Hirst Megan J. , Griffin Philippa C. , Wu Li‐Hsin , Hoffmann Ary A.
Published: March 2020

As temperatures increase in a warming world, there will be different responses among related plant species, with some species able to increase growth rate under warmer conditions and others less likely. Here, we identify survival and growth parameters in a group of 19 related Australian daisies from the genera Brachyscome and Pembertonia when exposed to higher soil temperature, focusing particularly on species from the alpine environment. We used a common garden approach to measure growth and survival under warming. We tested for the effects of evolutionary history by investigating phylogeny and testing for a phylogenetic signal, and for the effects of ecological history by considering climatic variables associated with species distributions in their native range. Evolutionary history did not have a detectable effect on warming responses. While there was a moderate signal for plant growth in the absence of warming, there was no signal for growth changes in response to warming, despite variability among species to warming that ranged from positive to negative growth responses. There was no strong effect of climate context, as species that showed a positive response to warming did not necessarily originate from hotter environments. In fact, several species from hot environments grew relatively poorly when exposed to higher soil temperature. However, species endemic to alpine areas were less likely to benefit from warming than widespread species. We found a strong phylogenetic signal for climate history, in that closely related species tend to occur in areas with similar annual variability in precipitation. Species differences in response to soil warming were variable and difficult to link to climate conditions except for the poor response of alpine endemics. There was no significant association between survival and warming responses of species. However, as some species showed weak growth responses, this may reduce their fitness into the future.
The shell gland in laying and natural moulting commercial egg‐type chickens: A histomorphological and ultrastructural study
Authors: Madekurozwa Mary‐Cathrine , Mpango Mike M.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the present study was to determine the histological and ultrastructural changes in the luminal epithelium of the shell gland associated with natural moulting. Samples of the shell gland from laying (32 weeks old) and moulting (75 weeks old) hens were studied using histological, histochemical and electron microscopic techniques. In addition, TUNEL was used to demonstrate the distribution of apoptotic cells in the luminal epithelium of the shell gland. Autophagy, characterized by the presence of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, was evident in the early stages of degeneration in non‐ciliated, ciliated and mitochondrial cells. The intermediate and advanced stages of regression in non‐ciliated as well as mitochondrial cells occurred via apoptosis, while both apoptotic and necrotic ciliated cells were observed during the later stages of degeneration. The results of the present study suggest that a synergy of autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis is involved in the involution of the shell gland during natural moulting.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of olaparib in patients with advanced solid tumours and mild or moderate hepatic impairment
Authors: Rolfo Christian , Isambert Nicolas , Italiano Antoine , Molife L. Rhoda , Schellens Jan H.M. , Blay Jean‐Yves , Decaens Thomas , Kristeleit Rebecca , Rosmorduc Olivier , Demlova Regina , Lee Myung‐Ah , Ravaud Alain , Kopeckova Katerina , Learoyd Maria , Bannister Wendy , Locker Gershon , de Vos‐Geelen Judith
Published: March 2020

Aims

Olaparib, a potent oral poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor, is partially hepatically cleared. We investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of olaparib in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment to provide dosing recommendations.

Methods

This Phase I open‐label study assessed the PK, safety and tolerability of single doses of olaparib 300‐mg tablets in patients with advanced solid tumours. Patients had normal hepatic function (NHF), or mild (MiHI; Child–Pugh class A) or moderate (MoHI; Child–Pugh class B) hepatic impairment. Blood was collected for PK assessments for 96 hours. Patients could continue taking olaparib 300 mg twice daily for long‐term safety assessment.

Results

Thirty‐one patients received ≥1 dose of olaparib and 30 were included in the PK assessment. Patients with MiHI had an area under the curve geometric least‐squares mean (GLSmean) ratio of 1.15 (90% confidence interval 0.72, 1.83) and a GLSmean maximum plasma concentration ratio of 1.13 (0.82, 1.56) vs those with NHF. In patients with MoHI, GLSmean ratio for area under the curve was 1.08 (0.66, 1.74) and for maximum plasma concentration was 0.87 (0.63, 1.22) vs those with NHF. For patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment, no new safety signals were detected.

Conclusion

Patients with MiHI or MoHI had no clinically significant changes in exposure to olaparib compared with patients with NHF. The safety profile of olaparib did not differ from a clinically relevant extent between cohorts. No olaparib tablet or capsule dose reductions are required for patients with MiHI or MoHI.
Tropical terrestrial invertebrates—Where to from here?
Authors: Dahlsjö Cecilia A.L. , Eggleton Paul , Kitching Roger
Published: March 2020

There are over one million described invertebrate species on Earth, the majority of which are likely to inhabit the highly biodiverse rain forests around the equator. These are some of the most vulnerable ecosystems on Earth due to the pressures of deforestation and climate change with many of their inhabitants at risk of extinction. Invertebrates play a major role in ecosystem functioning from decomposition and nutrient cycling to herbivory and pollination; however, while our understanding of these roles is improving, we are far from being able to predict the consequences of further deforestation, climate change, and biodiversity loss due to the lack of comparative data and the high proportion of species which remain to be discovered. As we move into an era of increased pressure on old‐growth habitats and biodiversity, it is imperative that we understand how changes to invertebrate communities, and the extinction of species, affect ecosystems. Innovative and comprehensive methods that approach these issues are needed. Here, we highlight priorities for future tropical terrestrial invertebrate research such as the efficiency of sustainable land management, exploration of innovative methods for better understanding of invertebrate ecology and behavior, and quantifying the role of invertebrates in ecosystem functioning.
Role of increased vascular permeability in chemotherapy‐induced alopecia: In vivo imaging of the hair follicular microenvironment in mice
Authors: Sagawa Noriko , Oshima Yusuke , Hiratsuka Takahiro , Kono Yohei , Etoh Tsuyoshi , Inomata Masafumi
Published: March 2020

Chemotherapy‐induced alopecia is one of the most difficult adverse events of cancer treatment for patients. However, it is still unknown why anticancer drugs cause hair loss. We aimed to clarify the mechanism of chemotherapy‐induced alopecia in mice using an in vivo imaging technique with a two‐photon microscope, which enables observation of the deep reaction in the living body in real time. In this study, ICR mice were injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (120 µg/g). Changes in the hair bulb morphology, subcutaneous vessel permeability, and vessel density were evaluated by two‐photon microscopy and conventional methods. In order to determine whether there is a causal relationship between vascular permeability and hair loss, we combined cyclophosphamide (50 µg/g) with subcutaneous histamine. We found that the hair bulbs became smaller, blood vessels around the hair follicle decreased in diameter, and vascular permeability was confirmed by two‐photon microscopy and conventional examination at 24 h after cyclophosphamide injection. Apoptosis occurred in vascular endothelial cells around the hair follicle. Additionally, hair loss was exacerbated by temporarily enhancing vascular permeability with histamine. In conclusion, cyclophosphamide caused a decrease in vascular density and an increase in vascular permeability, therefore increased vascular permeability might be one of the causes of chemotherapy‐induced alopecia.
In vitro and in vivo synergistic efficacy of ceritinib combined with programmed cell death ligand‐1 inhibitor in anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐rearranged non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Du Ping , Hu Ting , An Zhuoling , Li Pengfei , Liu Lihong
Published: March 2020

Both ceritinib (CER) and programmed cell death (PD)‐1/PD ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) have brought significant breakthroughs for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the overall clinical efficacy of either CER or PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor monotherapy has been limited to a large extent. In addition, the antitumor effect of combined CER and PD‐L1 inhibitor in ALK‐rearranged NSCLC is not fully understood. In H2228 cells, we examined the tumor killing effect of CER plus PD‐L1 inhibitor in vitro by quantitative RT‐PCR, flow cytometry, ELISA, western blot analysis, PBMC coculture system, and plasmid and transfection experiments. A Ba/F3 (EML4‐ALK‐WT) xenograft mouse model was also utilized to further evaluate the synergistic anticancer effects of CER and PD‐L1 inhibitor in vivo. The coculture system of PBMCs with H2228 cells promotes the expression of PD‐L1 and phospho‐ERK, and combined treatments facilitate lymphocyte proliferation and activation, inhibit PD‐L1 expression, and enhance lymphocyte cytotoxicity and cell death. In the in vivo NSCLC xenograft model, the volumes of tumors treated with CER and PD‐L1 inhibitor in combination were significantly smaller than those treated with CER or PD‐L1 alone. The relative tumor growth inhibitions were 84.9%, 20.0%, and 91.9% for CER, PD‐L1 inhibitor, and CER plus PD‐L1 groups, respectively. Ceritinib could synergize with PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade to yield enhanced antitumor responses along with favorable tolerability of adverse effects. Ceritinib and PD‐L1 inhibitor combined produced a synergistic antineoplastic efficacy in vitro and in vivo, which provides a key insight and proof of principle for evaluating CER plus PD‐L1 blockade as combination therapy in clinical therapeutic practice.
Cretaceous and Eocene fossils of the rare extant genusSynneuronLundstrom (Diptera: Canthyloscledidae): evidence of a true Pangean clade
Authors: Amorim Dalton de Souza , Greenwalt Dale E.
Published: March 2020

The first two fossil species of the canthyloscelid genusSynneuronare described based on compression wings.Synneuron eomontanasp. nov. is described from the Middle Eocene Coal Creek Member of the Kishenehn Formation, in the USA, andSynneuron jellisp. nov. is described from the Lower Cretaceous Koonwarra Fossil Bed of the Korumburra Group, in Australia. The wings are illustrated and compared to the extant species of the genus, to species of the three other recent genera of Canthyloscelidae and to an anisopodid. A phylogenetic analysis of the relationships between the species ofSynneuronwas performed. The Eocene fossilS. eomontanaappears as sister of the pair of recent Holarctic species of the genus, while the Australian Cretaceous speciesS. jelliis sister of the clade with the species ofSynneuronof the northern hemisphere. The sister group ofSynneuronis the canthyloscelid clade (Hyperoscelis + Canthyloscelis), for which a middle Jurassic fossil is known. At the early Cretaceous, Gondwana was already separated from Laurasia and the disjunction between the species ofSynneuronin Australia and the northern hemisphere clade of the genus suggest a true pangeic origin for the genus. The biology of the canthyloscelid larvae is shaped by its trophic specialization—xylosaprophagous. This suggests that the transition from the Pangean Jurassic gymnosperm‐dominated forests to the late Cretaceous angiosperm‐dominated forests may be related to the low recent diversity ofSynneuronor of the canthyloscelids in the world—and maybe to the extinction of the genus in the southern hemisphere. This major turnover of the vegetation type along the Cretaceous may be also somehow related to the complete extinction of other groups of flies strictly associated with gymnosperms, as may be the case of the lower brachyceran family Zhangsolvidae. This speculation needs additional corroboration from other groups, that will become available with the combination of systematics, paleontology and biogeographical information of different early Cretaceous clades.
Endothelial function in response to exercise in the cold in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Valtonen Rasmus I. P. , Ikäheimo Tiina M. , Hintsala Heidi E. , Ryti Niilo R. I. , Hautala Arto , Perkiömäki Juha S. , Crandall C. G. , Mäntysaari Matti , Jaakkola Jouni J. K. , Kiviniemi Antti M.
Published: March 2020

Background

Regular long‐term physical exercise has favourable effects on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the effects of an acute exercise bout in the cold on endothelial function are not known.

Methods

At first, the effects of moderate‐intensity aerobic lower‐body exercise were assessed in CAD patients (n = 16) in a neutral [+22°C] and cold [−15°C] environment. Secondly, responses to static and dynamic upper‐body exercise in a neutral [+22°C] and cold [−15°C] environment were investigated in CAD patients (n = 15). All experiments were performed in a random order. Endothelial function was measured by flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery in response to reactive hyperaemia, before and after the exposures in a neutral environment.

Results

No significant temperature*exercise*condition (pre–post) interaction was observed in FMD% when comparing rest versus aerobic exercise or static versus dynamic upper‐body exercise. Relative reactive hyperaemia during FMD protocol, measured by changes in shear rate, was elevated after rest compared to aerobic exercise (p = .001) and after static compared to dynamic upper‐body exercise (p < .001). However, no significant temperature*exercise*condition interaction was observed when FMD% was normalized for shear rate.

Conclusions

Endothelial function to an acute bout of exercise among CAD patients was not modified by the environmental temperature where the exercise was performed. The present findings argue against the hypothesis that exercise in cold environmental conditions impairs endothelial function in patients with CAD.
Are Chinese Acquirers Discriminated against in Cross‐border Mergers and Acquisitions? An Analysis Based on Covered Transactions Filed with CFIUS
Authors: Chen Sichong , Li Wenxue , Wang Qi
Published: March 2020

This study employs a sample of covered transactions filed with the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) of cross‐border mergers and acquisitions targeting American companies based on publicly available news reports and announcements to examine the heterogeneity hypothesis in the CFIUS review process. A comparative analysis of case studies and an empirical analysis of logit regressions are performed. We also explore how CFIUS reviews may have an impact on corporations' future mergers and acquisitions decisions in a panel data model setting. The results show that both unfair treatment in CFIUS review and the deterrent effect of CFIUS interventions have contributed to the recent sharp decline in China's direct investment in the US.
Chinese Investment in the US and the EU is Declining –for Similar Reasons
Authors: Kirkegaard Jacob Funk
Published: March 2020

Since peaking in 2016, Chinese outward investment, primarily to the US but also to the European Union (EU), has declined dramatically, especially in response to changes in China's domestic rules for capital outflow. Concern over growing Chinese influence in other economies, the ascendant role of a Communist Party‐led government in Beijing and the possible security implications of Chinese dominance in the high‐tech sector have put Chinese outward investment under international scrutiny. This paper analyzes the recent trends in Chinese investment in the US and the EU and reviews recent political and regulatory changes both have adopted toward Chinese inward investment. It also explores the emerging transatlantic difference in the regulatory response to the Chinese information technology firm, Huawei. Concerned about national security and as part of the ongoing broader trade friction with China, the US has cracked down far harder on the company than the EU.
How Will the Implementation of Zero Tariffs Affect Employment in China?
Authors: Su Qingyi , Zang Chengwei
Published: March 2020

This paper studies the employment effect of China's possible implementation of zero tariffs by comparing China's most‐favored‐nation tariffs and the tariff schedules of China's signed free trade agreements (FTAs) with the tariff concessions in a typical high‐standard FTA. It finds that there is a large gap between China's current tariff status and a high‐standard FTA, and the implementation of zero tariffs in China would have a significant negative impact on employment in some industries. However, the employment effect of implementing zero tariffs is heterogeneous. Analysis at the industrial level shows that, although employment would drop in a few industries as a result of the implementation of zero tariffs, more jobs would be created in most industries. The overall employment effect of a zero tariff policy would be positive, creating an estimated 8.05 million jobs in China. Therefore, China should consider the adjustment costs brought by the labor movement in different industries and introduce relevant policies to deal with the employment shocks caused by zero tariffs.
The human rights of children with disabilities during health emergencies: the challenge of COVID‐19
Authors: Schiariti Verónica
Published: March 2020

Video Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XP7XobCrPj4&t=6s
Differential diagnosis of fetal large ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot based on big data analysis
Authors: Lv Jing , Yang Tingyang , Gu Xiaoyan , Zhang Ye , Sun Lin , Zhao Ying , Liu Xiaowei , Han Jiancheng , Ran Suzhen , Zhang Zhikun , Zhu Haogang , He Yihua
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives

To analyze echocardiographic parameters of fetal large ventricular septal defect (VSD) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in the context of multicenter data and big data analysis because these two diseases are often misdiagnosed in fetuses, and to find the key parameters for the differential diagnosis of these two diseases.

Methods

A total of 305 cases of large VSD and 192 cases of TOF diagnosed by fetal echocardiography from August 2010 to July 2016 from the database of Beijing Key Laboratory of Fetal Heart Defects were analyzed. Quantile regression of the 48 echocardiographic parameters of the 6272 normal fetuses from seven Chinese medical institutions was performed to determine the Q‐score. The forward selection method and the naive Bayesian classification method were used to analyze the core differential diagnostic variables of fetal TOF and VSD.

Results

The Q‐score of the internal diameter of the aorta (AO Q‐score), the ratio of the diameter of the pulmonary artery to the internal diameter of the aorta (PA/AO), and the Q‐score of the ratio of the diameter of the pulmonary artery to the internal diameter of the aorta (PA/AO Q‐score) were key parameters for the differential diagnosis of fetal large VSD and TOF. PA/AO was the primary parameter, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.951.

Conclusions

These findings provide a new method for the prenatal diagnosis of large VSD and TOF and a theoretical basis for the intelligent diagnosis of large VSD and TOF.
Mitral annulus morphometry in degenerative mitral regurgitation phenotypes
Authors: Viani Giacomo Maria , Leo Laura Anna , Borruso Maria Giuliana , Klersy Catherine , Paiocchi Vera Lucia , Schlossbauer Susanne Anna , Caretta Alessandro , Demertzis Stefanos , Faletra Francesco Fulvio
Published: March 2020

Objectives

Degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) is classified into different phenotypes based on the extent of leaflet degeneration. Our aim is to demonstrate that phenotype complexity predicts the extent of structural abnormalities of mitral annulus (MA).

Methods and results

Seventy‐five patients with DMR and severe valve regurgitation and 23 patients with normal mitral valve were studied using 3D transesophageal echocardiography. Classification of DMR was done by allocating each 3D echocardiography result under five categories: fibroelastic deficiency (FED), FED+, forme fruste, Barlow’s disease Mitral annular disjunction (BD MAD)– or BD MAD+. MA was reconstructed in early systole and in end systole. We tested for a trend toward enlargement and flattening of MA in end systole and for a difference in MA dynamics from early systole to end systole with a worsening of DMR phenotype, in the whole spectrum of subjects ranging from controls to BD MAD+. A significant trend was observed toward larger anteroposterior diameter, intercommissural diameter, annulus circumference, and annulus area (P < .001). A reduction was found in annulus height to commissural width ratio (P = .003): This indicates a progressive MA flattening. Prolapse height and prolapse volume tended to be larger (P < .001).

Conclusion

Based on the extent of leaflet degeneration, DMR is classified into different phenotypes. As the disease progresses, a related increase in MA size is found, with rounder annular shape, loss of saddle shape, and increase in height and volume of leaflet prolapse. The most pronounced alterations are found in BD MAD+.
DOES THE NUMBER OF COUNTRIES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CYCLE MODELS MATTER?
Authors: Kim Myunghyun
Published: March 2020

Until the 1980s, standard models with two large open economies (i.e., the United States and Europe) provided plausible representations of the world economy. However, with the emergence of many developing countries since the 1990s, this approach no longer seems reasonable. In line with this change to the global economic environment, cross‐country output correlations between the United States and other countries have risen. This paper extends the standard two‐country model to many countries to show that doing so produces closer cross‐country correlations to the data. In particular, based on analytical investigation with a simple model and quantitative analysis with a more general model, I show that the cross‐country output correlation rises and the cross‐country consumption correlation falls as the number of countries in the two models increases. (JEL F40, F41, F44)
Wage premium in the state sector and state‐owned enterprises: Econometric evidence from a transition country in times of austerity
Authors: Vladisavljević Marko
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates the differences in the wage premium and compliance with the wage cut introduced in Serbia at the end of 2014, between two subsectors of the public sector: the state sector and state‐owned enterprises. Results show that before the austerity measures were introduced, the conditional wage premium was, on average, higher in state‐owned enterprises than in the state sector, with significant differences from the median to the top of the wage distribution. After the austerity measures were introduced, the wage differences between the subsectors deepened, due to lower compliance of state‐owned enterprises with the wage cut.