bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Nutritional Status of Chronic Renal Failure Patients on Hemodialysis in Damanhour National Medical Institute in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Khalil Kholoud Adel , Saied Shimaa M. , Atlam Salwa Abd El-Mageed , Ali El-Saleet Gamalat Mohamed
Published: January 2022

Background: Nutritional problems are of the most important risk factors of increasing mortality rates in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis and morbidity occurring from malnutrition significantly severely affects their quality of life.

Aim: To assess the nutritional status of chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis (HD) attending HD unit in Damanhur National Medical Institute.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the hemodialysis unit on 174 patients. Data collection was done via a specially designed questionnaire containing; socio-demographic and clinical data, anthropometric measurements, biochemical measurements, 24-hour recall list and questions for assessment of nutritional knowledge. Malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) was used for assessment of the nutritional status.

Results: 65.5% of the patients were mildly malnourished, 24.7% were moderately malnourished and only 9.8% were normal and the level of malnutrition was significantly affected by duration of renal disease and hemodialysis duration. 44.3 % of patients had poor nutritional knowledge level, and only 4% had good nutritional knowledge and the nutritional knowledge level had a significant association with level of malnutrition. 96% did not attend any nutritional health education sessions, but they were willing to attend these sessions.

Conclusions: Malnutrition was highly prevalent among the studied patients. There was a statistically significant relationship between levels of malnutrition (MN) and the level of nutritional knowledge of hemodialysis patients.
Post Occupancy Evaluation of Students’ Satisfaction with Hostel Facilities in Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Kadir Falilat , Ogunleye M. B. , Otunola AbdulAkeem O.
Published: January 2022

The study focuses on post occupancy evaluation of students’ satisfaction with hostels facilities in Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State with a view to determine factors that promote users’ satisfaction with the hostel facility in terms of its services/amenities provided, structural features, environmental features, accommodation details and locational attributes. The hostel is wholly under the management and control of the Polytechnic. Four Hundred and Sixty (460) respondents were taken as the sample size for the study. 28 structured questionnaires were administered to the workforce of the hostel management using purposive sampling while 432 structured questionnaires were administered to the students occupying the school hostel. A total of 341 (74%) questionnaires was returned and found valid for analysis. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical techniques such as frequency distribution table, Weighted Mean Score (WMS) and Relative Importance Indexes (RII). Findings revealed that there were mixed levels of satisfaction with elements of student hostel facilities. There was a strong indication of satisfaction with the environmental features compared to the other four elements of the hostel facilities. The students were dissatisfied with facilities either because they are inadequate in number or quality or because of the location. The study recommends that the polytechnic management should ensure that facilities that aid students' academic performance should be prioritized. This will help to improve the satisfaction level among students with hostel facilities.
Stem Cell Management is a Novel Innovation in the Health Care Sector. The Study Based on Research Conducted by Professionals in the Field
Authors: Chaudhary Swati , Agrawal Supriti
Published: January 2022

Background: A physician offers treatments to prevent, treat, and manage sickness and to maintain mental and physical well-being. According to the World Health Organization, health care includes all raw materials and services aimed to enhance health, including "preventative health, therapeutic, and supportive interventions, either aimed to people either to nations." Stem cell is one of the innovations of health care industry. Stem cells are used to treat over 130 diseases throughout the world, and more than 500 clinical trials are ongoing to develop stem cell treatments. Henceforth, this paper aim is to enhance the stem cell role in health care industry and to find the health professional attitude towards stem cell management.

Methods: For the study purpose both primary and secondary data are used. The cross sectional study conducted among 140 doctors of the Delhi-NCR for the primary data. The secondary data collected from records of the WHO, various journals, scientific study and clinical trials. The data were analysis by the using the correlation and t-test by SPSS 21 software to find the attitude of doctors towards stem cell management.

Results: The study found that 97% of doctors are aware about the stem cell and 86% doctors have knowledge about the sources of stem cell and only 25% doctors collect the stem cell from umbilical cord. The study determine that the attitude of the health professional are positive towards stem cell management in India and they need government takes necessary action to developed the stem cell management for better health sector in India.

Conclusions: Thus it can be concluded that with the increases of the cases the scientists try to find the use of stem cell in the treatment of various diseases. It does clearly indicate that stem cell boost the immune system. The data analysis of the study confirms that doctors in India have a positive view toward stem cell management. As a result, if sufficient initiative is made by healthcare professionals and the government, stem cell management has a wide range of adoption and acceptance opportunities.
Knowledge and Awareness on Tonsillitis among Dental Students - A Survey
Authors: Hariprasath T. K. , Sinduja Palati , Priyadharshini R.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Palatine Tonsils are paired lymph node organs located on each side of the back of your throat. They function as a defense mechanism and help prevent body from getting an infection. When tonsils become infected, the condition is called tonsillitis.

Aim: This article aims to know the knowledge and awareness of dental students on Tonsillitis diseases.

Materials and Methods: A questionnaire of 16 questions was created and entered in the online survey creator ‘Google Forms’ and shared among each student of about 100 individually and privately and data were collected subject to statistical analysis using SPSS software. Statistical tests used were descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. A P-value less than 0.05 will be  considered statistically significant.

Results and Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that Third-year students more aware of symptoms of tonsillitis 20%, complications of tonsillitis 20% and symptoms associated with strep throat 18% than students of other year and they need an effective education and awareness campaign to increase their knowledge and awareness on Tonsillitis.
Co-infection of Dengue and Chikungunya viruses: A Serological study from Ananthapuramu District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Naidu Adireddi Paradesi , Saikumar Chitralekha , Victor Kalavathy , Sumathi G , Muthiah N. S.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: It is observed that the infections of Dengue and Chikungunya were rising in many parts of India. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are common vectors for dengue virus (DENV) and CHIK virus (CHIKV). In areas where both viruses co circulate, they can be transmitted together. The present study was undertaken to study the clinical features of dengue–CHIK coinfection and compare it with mono infection.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Government General hospital, Ananthapuramu on 100 hospitalized suspected patients from July 2021 and November 2021. They were serologically screened for DENV, CHIKV and both by performing RTPCR for dengue and ELISA CHIK IgM for Chikungunya.

Results: Out of the total 100 samples collected from suspected patients, 28 (28%) samples were positive for DENV while 5 (5%) samples were positive for CHIKV. In addition to this, 4 sera were positive (4%) for coinfection of DENV and CHIKV. Co infected patients had fever in all cases while rash was seen in only 50% cases. Fever, Myaliga, Arthralgia and thrombocytopenia were seen in many number of co infected cases which signifies the  overlapping nature of dengue–CHIK coinfection.

Conclusion: It is concluded that strict control measures should be implemented to stop the spread of these viruses  as there in Increase in the number of Dengue and Chikungunya infections and their co circulation.
Incidence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women
Authors: Roshini S. , Lakshanaa R. Shruta , Sivasankar M. , Griffin M. , Suhas T. , Kamaraj V. , Muthulatha N.
Published: January 2022

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in the properly collected urine of a patient that has no signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection.

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women in Saveetha medical college, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu.

Materials and Methods: A total of 250 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at civil hospital, Saveetha medical college, over a period of 3 months, with age groups between 18 to 30 years agreed to enter the study and were clinically evaluated. All these women were asked to submit clean catch midstream urine samples and it was examined under the microscope and by culture method.

Results: A total of 250 pregnant women included in our study, with varying age groups between 18 to 30 years and the highest incidence was seen in between the 26 to 30 age group. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was seen in 27.2% of the pregnant women. The prevalence of Escherichia coli was among the most dominant organism, followed by Staphylococcus aureus ,klebsiella and proteus species.

Conclusion: The study showed 27.2% of the pregnant women to have asymptomatic bacteriuria. This can be reduced by screening the mothers in first trimester and routine urine culture test must be carried out.
The Relationship between C-Reactive Protein and COPD Patients
Authors: Bhuvaneshwar G. A. , Dayanandan .
Published: January 2022

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable chronic inflammatory respiratory disease that affects 210 million people globally. Due to inflammation the resultant IL6 increases the level of C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) from hepatocytes. This study was conducted to evaluate the association of C-Reactive Protein in COPD patients. The study also includes the key role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in assessing the acute exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which has proven to be more valuable. This was a prospective study conducted over a period of three months between February 2021 and April 2021 at the department of General Medicine in Saveetha Medical College Hospital, Chennai. In a study of 50 patients, 25 were patients with COPD and 25 were a control group of healthy people. High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), blood gases, spirometry, Body Mass Index (BMI), 6 Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) and GOLD stage of severity were measured. The serum hs-CRP was then evaluated for any correlation with the predictors of outcomes of COPD subjects. hs-CRP levels were higher in patients with COPD than in healthy individuals (4.82 / 0.8 mgl). A correlation was found between hs-CRP and the following variables:

FEV1 (r = -0.813; p < 0.01), 6MWD (r = -0.876; p < 0.01), GOLD stage (r = 0.797; p < 0.01) and evaluated. This study revealed that there is certain increase in hs-CRP in COPD patients due to inflammation. It acts not only as an inflammatory diagnostic marker, but also plays a role as predictor for the outcome of the disease and reducing the mortality rate.
Case Report Postoperative Case of Explore Laparotomy for Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy with Septicemia
Authors: Choudhary Minakshi , Sayyad Akhtaribano , Yelne Seema , Bhovare Sagar , Choudhary Deepesh , Khobragade Darshana , Umate Roshan
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy problem when the embryo attaches itself outside the uterus. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, but less than 50 percent of affected women have both. it happened. Excessive bleeding may lead to a rapid heartbeat, fainting, or panic attack. Without abnormalities, the fetus can no longer survive. Obstetricians and gynaecologists face various obstacles in dealing with Jehovah's Witnesses.

Main Symptoms and/or Important Clinical Findings: A 20-year-old man with a post-operative case of Explore Laparotomy For Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy with pyosalpinx with septicemia underwent surgery on 14/02/2021 investigating Laparotomy under GA. His diagnostic ultrasonography was performed. Complete the blood test. She had not dropped down before 8 days she was a primigravida at 2 months of pregnancy and then had abdominal pain as she grew stronger over time.

The Main Diagnoses, Therapeutic Interventions, and Outcomes: A 20-year-old man with a post-operative case of Explore Laparotomy for Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy with pyosalpinx withsepticemia, with a complaint of abdominal pain, Treatment began on the day he received V fluids, Antibiotics Injectable. Initiated, Zonac suppository PR consulted. TPR Charting treatment interventions, I / O Charting, abortion chart,

Nursing Perspectives: Laboratory techniques are urgently required. To limit the development of treatments to enhance the outcome.

Conclusion: Although it is not uncommon for an ectopic pregnancy to exceed the first trimester, it does occur occasionally. As a result, in any emergency, abdominal surgery during pregnancy, Today, early intervention saves lives and reduces morbidity, but ectopic pregnancy still kills 4 to 10% of pregnant women and results in a higher ectopic pregnancy rate following pregnancy.
Case Report on Carcinoma on Hard Palate
Authors: Wavare Sonali , Meshram Dharti , Bokade Kanchan , Wagh Pranali
Published: January 2022

Background: The hard palate is a thin horizontal bony plate made up of two bones of the facial skeleton, located on the roof of the mouth. The bones are the palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone. The hard palate spans the alveolar arch formed by the alveolar process that holds the upper teeth (when these are developed). If cancer is detected early, the overall 5-year survival rate for all persons is 85 percent. If cancer has progressed to other tissues or organs, as well as regional lymph nodes, the overall 5-year survival rate is 67%.

Objective: Want to highlight the importance of primary prevention; education on risks of alcohol/tobacco use and oral hygiene. Secondary prevention; Early biopsy of any ulceration of the hard palate that does not regress with medical treatment. This would allow early diagnosis and minimal treatment with less morbidity and better survival chances.

Case Presentation: A male of 58 yrs. old came with Pain in the mouth, difficulty in breathing, difficulty in mastication, difficulty in deglutition, balm application, change in voice tooth exfoliation, lack of appetite. Aggravates on mastication, difficulty in deglutition for 2 months, burning sensation on the consumption of spicy food for 2 months change in voice, nasal discharge, loss of appetite, weight loss, tooth exfoliation in the upper front region of jaw, and balm application (2-3episodes, 15 days back). All necessary investigations were carried out such as X-ray, MRI, CT scan, a biopsy of the tissue sample, and diagnosed Carcinoma on the Hard Palate. Treatment of this patient received antiemetic, analgesic, antibiotic, vitamin supplementary.

Prognosis: After treatment, the patient shows great improvement.

Conclusion: The therapeutic management for malignant tumors of the hard palate is essentially surgical, with or without postoperative radiotherapy, discussed on a case-by-case basis. The survival rate depends on several factors, including early diagnosis, histological characteristics and appropriate management. When ca of the palate is detected primary, the management is very effective.
In-vitro Antioxidant Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Different Leaf Extracts of Hemionitis arifolia
Authors: Priya Rajendran Raja , Bhadusha N. , Manivannan Veramuthu , Gunasekaran Thanthoni
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the preliminary phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of the hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of Hemionitis arifolia.

Methods: Total phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid contents were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. The free radical scavenging activity of the leaf hydroalcoholic extract were evaluated against DPPH+, ABTS+, Reducing power assay and nitric oxide assay were determined.

Results: The hydroalcoholic concentrate of H. arifolia uncovered the most elevated polyphenol content when contrasted and the other phytoconstituents. Absolute phenol content of the hydroalcoholic separate was observed to be 31.78%, flavonoid content is 1.02% and Alkaloid content is 30.40% individually. The Solvent concentrates showed huge cell reinforcement movement, with hydroalcoholic extract. ABTS Assay, DPPH assay, Reducing power assay and Nitric oxide assay where the Inhibition concentration were 667.75µg/ml, 734.25 µg/ml, 791.58 µg/ml and 899.67 µg/ml.

Conclusion: This study suggests that hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of H. arifolia could be a potential source of natural antioxidant and justifies its use in ethno-medicine.
Knowledge and Awareness about Obesity Complications in Pregnancy among Reproductive Women
Authors: MiSudharshan S. , Annejohncy .
Published: January 2022

Background: obesity in general predisposes expected to various noncommunicable diseases but its awareness in regards to the complications posed by it in reproductive women is underseen.

Methods: cross sectional study using an structured questionnaire.

Goal: To access the knowledge and awareness about complications of obesity in pregnancy among reproductive women

Statistical Analysis Used: Data was entered in excel spreadsheet and analysed using SPSS version 16.

Results: Majority of the participants [129 (86%)] knew that obesity affects reproductive health causing problem problems like just gestational diabetes mellitus GDM [ 136 (90.6%)], difficulties during labour, higher Chance of Caesarean [91(60.6)] section, Increased risk for hypertension [120 (80%)] infertility [ 53 (35.3%)], during pregnancy. Almost all of them know That obesity can increase problems in pregnancy for both mother and for the baby. Majority of them we are not sure if obesity causes increased chance of Foetal malformations [75 (50.2%)] Increased bleeding after delivery [103 (68.8%)] Most of them don’t know that obesity can cause increased bleeding after delivery, stillbirth [125 (83.3%)], miscarriage [111(74%)], difficulties in Ultrasound examination of the abdomen [81 (54%) ]Most of them thought that obesity does not cause difficulties in measuring BP [79 (52.6)], delivery of big baby [98 (65.3%) ], premature delivery [56 (37.3%)].

Conclusion: Generating Awareness about obesity and its complications in pregnancy is required to prevent those complications in future and bring behavioural and lifestyle modification for sustainability in the long run.
Prevalence of Depression in Medical Staff in KSA: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Balbaid Eman AbdulAziz , Abousada Hoda Jehad , Alotaibi Abdulaziz Ateeq , Alqahtani Abdullah Hazza , Alsaeedi Nashwa Nasser , Abutaleb Faisal Ali , Alrabie Majdi Abdullah , Alghamdi Rahaf Ghormallah , Bayahya Atheer Ahmed , Almutairi Basil Abdulaziz , Asiri Hanin Abdullah , Alotaibi Khalid Hazza , Aldajani Meshal Faihan , Alsaab Saad Omar , Alghamdi Renad Abdullah
Published: January 2022

Background: According to the international classification system ICD -10 (International Classification of Diseases), doctors speak of a mild depressive episode if at least two main symptoms such as depressed mood and lack of drive and two additional symptoms such as feelings of guilt and sleep disorders occur. In a moderately depressed phase, there are two main symptoms and at least three, but no more than four other symptoms. Major depressive episodes are diagnosed when all three main symptoms and at least four additional symptoms are present. In addition, the complaints must last for at least two weeks. In the American classification system DSMIV is referred to as "major depression" (corresponds to a severe depressive episode) and "minor depression" in the case of a less severe episode.

Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study to spot light on the relationship between different chronic conditions and variables, specifically: age group, gender, medical specialty, years of experience, nationality, Vitamin D deficiency, Diabetes mellitus, and hypertension; and depression symptoms, among Saudi and non-Saudi medical staff in the KSA.

Results and Conclusion: Results of this study concluded that there is a significant relationship found between depressive symptoms and gender, specialty, years of experience, and vitamin D deficiency. Relationship with age group, nationality, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, is not statistically significant. These results are concordant, in most parts of this study, with the previous studies in different times and regions, done for nearly similar purposes.
Comparative Evaluation of the Success Rate of Pulpotomy in Primary Molars Using Ferric Sulphate (FS) and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA): A Clinical and Radiographic Study
Authors: Somwanshi Yogesh , Chavhan Pankaj , Sajjanar Arun , Ughade Snehal , Gutte Nutan , Kolekar Pratima , Bhamare Shruti , Yadav Swapnil
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The aim of this present study was to observe clinical, radiographic response of pulp to Ferric Sulphate and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate when used as pulpotomy agent in primary molars.

Materials and Methods: Sixty restorable primary molars were selected for the study. The children were chosen who require minimum two pulpotomies in either arch preferably each on the opposite side (i.e. right and left). Primary molars on the right side of the patient were assigned to Ferric Sulphate (FS) (Group A) and left side was assigned for the Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) (Group B). Statistical analysis was done for pain, swelling, sinus, and fistula and for internal resorption, furcation radiolucency and periapical pathology using the chi-square test.

Results: outcome of the present study was observed at 3 month interval and after 6 months. The clinical success rate for MTA (AQUA) and ferric sulphate during 3 and 6 month follow up was 100%. The radiographic follow up of MTA was 100% during 3 and 6 month, whereas it was 96.6% for 3 and 6 month follow up with respect to ferric sulphate. There were no significant differences in the clinical (p>0.1) and radiographic (p>0.98) success rates among both the groups.

Conclusion: ferric sulphate was found to be equally effective when compared with MTA. Radiographic success rate was lower for Ferric sulphate (Group A) than that of MTA (Group B) with occurrence of one internal resorption seen with first primary molar.
The Development of Innovative Clay Mask Product Mixed with Theacanthus ebracteatus Vahl Extract
Authors: Kakatum Narin , Sookdee Papawee , Phromhan Thanaporn , Hamai Ilham , Supatsaraphokin Natphapat
Published: January 2022

This research is a study on the development of innovative clay mask mixed with the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extract product. The purposes of this research are as follows. Firstly, the research is to develop a clay mask product mixed with natural extracts from the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Secondly, it is aimed to study on the antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, antimicrobial effect and total Phenolic contents of the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts. Thirdly, it is tostudy stability of the product. Finally, the research is to study on the calculation of suitable product formulations for clay products mixed with Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts. By starting from the selection of raw materials, the extracts are prepared to determine the total phenolic content. Later, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay method is conducted for antioxidant activity test, followed by anti-inflammatory effect test (Nitric oxide production inhibitory activity test, inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α secretion test and Anti-inflammatory activity test (COX-2). Afterwards, a suitable formulation is developed. The test for the safety and physical properties of the product is then carried out followed by the skin irritation test in a group of 10 volunteers in order to ensure that the clay mask product containing Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts is effective and safe. From the results of the product stability study, the findings indicated that the clay mask product containing Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts did not show any phase separation. The irritation test in 10 volunteers after 12 hours of using the product showed no sign of allergic reaction, itching or irritation. Toxicity test results found no cytotoxicity. The anti-inflammatory effect test was found to have potent anti-inflammatory properties, when tested in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell. This study is only for the development of an innovative product of skin clay mask mixed with the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts.
Chalcogenide Microsphere‐Assisted Optical Super‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Xie Yu , Cai Dawei , Pan Jing , Zhou Ning , Guo Xin , Wang Pan , Tong Limin
Published: January 2022

Microsphere‐assisted optical imaging has been proved straightforward and cost‐effective for super‐resolution imaging in material science and biomedical research. Optically transparent microspheres with a high refractive index are critical for achieving superior super‐resolution capabilities yet remain to be further exploited. Here, the use of As2S3 (an optically transparent chalcogenide glass) microspheres, with a refractive index as high as 2.31 (at 600 nm) and diameters ranging from 10 to 215 µm, for optical super‐resolution imaging is reported. Under white‐light illumination (peaked at 646 nm), As2S3 microspheres full‐immersed in polymethyl methacrylate or immersion oil generate super‐resolved virtual images of nanostructures (≈90 nm in minimum feature size) with a magnification up to 8×. The lateral resolution of full‐immersed microspheres, which can be as low as ≈172 nm for a 19 µm diameter As2S3 microsphere, is also investigated. Moreover, super‐resolved real imaging of nanostructures with semi‐immersed As2S3 microspheres is demonstrated for the first time. Compared with the full‐immersion approach (e.g., for a 30 µm diameter microsphere, the image plane is ≈30 µm underneath the specimen with a magnification of 4.3×), the semi‐immersion approach provides an obvious improvement in the magnification (6.6×) and a much longer operation distance to the objective (the image plane is ≈140 µm above the specimen).
Efficient and Stable Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Tin Oxide Multifunctional Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Chen Zinan , Chen Shuming
Published: January 2022

Zinc oxide (ZnO) based nanoparticles (NPs) are the most commonly used electron transport layer (ETL) materials in quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, numerous defects, severe quenching, and poor stability of ZnO NPs limit the commercialization of QLEDs. Herein, tin oxide (SnO2) NPs are prepared as a substitute to ZnO. The obtained SnO2 NPs exhibit high conductivity, good transparency, and excellent stability, thus enabling them to be applied as multifunctional ETLs for various structured QLEDs, e.g., 1) as a phase tuning layer to tune the microcavity effect in inverted QLEDs, 2) as a thick protection layer to improve the stability of noninverted QLEDs, 3) as a sputtering buffer layer to protect the functional layers from the ion bombardment damage in transparent QLEDs, and 4) as an internal light extraction layer to enhance the light coupling efficiency of top‐emitting QLEDs. With the multifunctional SnO2 ETL, the resultant QLEDs are highly efficient (external quantum efficiency of 27.6%) and stable (half lifetime of 323 h at 4,459 cd m−2), which are comparable and even better than ZnMgO based devices. The results suggest that SnO2 is a promising ETL material for realizing efficient and stable QLEDs.
Synergistic Manipulation of Na+ Flux and Surface‐Preferred Effect Enabling High‐Areal‐Capacity and Dendrite‐Free Sodium Metal Battery
Authors: Jin Qianzheng , Lu Hongfei , Zhang Zili , Xu Jing , Sun Bin , Jin Yang , Jiang Kai
Published: January 2022

The propensity of sodium anode to form uniform electrodeposit is bound up with the nature of electrode surface and regulation of Na‐ion flux, as well as distribution of electronic field, which is quite crucial for high‐areal‐capacity sodium metal batteries (SMBs). Herein, a novel metallic sodium/sodium–tin alloy foil anode (Na/NaSn) with 3D interpenetrated network and porous structure is prepared through facile alloy reaction. The strong sodiophilic properties of sodium–tin alloy can lower the nucleation energy, resulting in smaller depositing potential and strong adsorption of Na+, while synergistic effect of porous skeleton and additional potential difference (≈0.1 V) between Na and Na–Sn alloy (Na15Sn4) can alleviate volume expansion, redistribute the Na‐ion flux and regulate electronic field, which favors and improves homogeneous Na deposition. The as‐fabricated Na/NaSn electrode can endow excellent plating/stripping reversibility at high areal capacity (over 1600 h for 4 mAh cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 and 2 mAh cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2), fast electrochemical kinetics (500 h under 4 mAh cm−2 at 4 mA cm−2) and superior rate performances. A novel strategy in the design of high‐performance Na anodes for large‐scale energy storage is provided.
Stress Dissipation Encoded Silk Fibroin Electrode for the Athlete‐Beneficial Silk Bioelectronics
Authors: Choi Woojin , Heo Deokjae , Kim Taeho , Jung Sungwon , Choi Moonhyun , Heo Jiwoong , Kwon Jae‐Sung , Kim Byeong‐Su , Lee Wonhwa , Koh Won‐Gun , Cho Jeong Ho , Lee Sangmin , Hong Jinkee
Published: January 2022

The kinetic body motions have guided the core‐shell fabrics of wearable bioelectronics to be elastoplastic. However, the polymeric electrodes follow the trade‐off relationship between toughness and stretchability. To this end, the stress dissipation encoded silk fibroin electrode is proposed as the core electrode of wearable bioelectronics. Significantly, the high degree of intrinsic stress dissipation is realized via an amino acid crosslink. The canonical phenolic amino acid (i.e., tyrosine) of silk fibroin is engineered to bridge the secondary structures. A sufficient crosslink network is constructed when tyrosine is exposed near the amorphous strand. The stress dissipative tyrosine crosslink affords 12.5‐fold increments of toughness (4.72 to 58.9 MJ m−3) and implements the elastoplastic silk fibroin. The harmony of elastoplastic core electrodes with shell fabrics enables the wearable bioelectronics to employ mechanical performance (elastoplasticity of 750 MJ m−3) and stable electrical response. The proposed wearable is capable of assisting the effective workouts via triboelectricity. In principle, active mobility with suggested wearables potentially relieves muscular fatigues and severe injuries during daily fitness.
2D/3D Hybrid Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Solar Cells: Improved Energy Level Alignment for Higher Contact‐Selectivity and Large Open Circuit Voltage
Authors: Sirtl Maximilian T. , Hooijer Rik , Armer Melina , Ebadi Firouzeh G. , Mohammadi Mahdi , Maheu Clément , Weis Andreas , van Gorkom Bas T. , Häringer Sebastian , Janssen René A. J. , Mayer Thomas , Dyakonov Vladimir , Tress Wolfgang , Bein Thomas
Published: January 2022

Since their introduction in 2017, the efficiency of lead‐free halide perovskite solar cells based on Cs2AgBiBr6 has not exceeded 3%. The limiting bottlenecks are attributed to a low electron diffusion length, self‐trapping events and poor selectivity of the contacts, leading to large non‐radiative VOC losses. Here, 2D/3D hybrid double perovskites are introduced for the first time, using phenethyl ammonium as the constituting cation. The resulting solar cells show an increased efficiency of up to 2.5% for the champion cells and 2.03% on average, marking an improvement by 10% compared to the 3D reference on mesoporous TiO2. The effect is mainly due to a VOC improvement by up to 70 mV on average, yielding a maximum VOC of 1.18 V using different concentrations of phenethylammonium bromide. While these are among the highest reported VOC values for Cs2AgBiBr6 solar cells, the effect is attributed to a change in recombination behavior within the full device and a better selectivity at the interface toward the hole transporting material (HTM). This explanation is supported by voltage‐dependent external quantum efficiency, as well as photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing a better energy level alignment and thus a better hole‐extraction and improved electron blocking at the HTM interface.
Phosphorus and potassium mineralization as affected by phosphorus levels and soil types under laboratory condition
Authors: Rawal Nabin , Pande Keshab Raj , Shrestha Renuka , Vista Shree Prasad
Published: January 2022

Nutrients’ mineralization‐immobilization in soil is crucial for their management in crop production. An incubation experiment was conducted to study the effects of phosphorus levels on mineralization of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) under three soil types in laboratory conditions at the National Soil Science Research Center in Nepal with 3 × 4 factorial completely randomized design. Two factors were three soil types (silty clay loam, loam, and sandy loam) and four P levels: 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg P2O5 ha–1. Five incubation periods (1, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d after incubation) were replicated three times with total of 180 experimental units. The P and K mineralization patterns varied with soil types and P levels, with higher fluctuation of P content in silty clay loam soil as compared with loam and sandy loam soil. Phosphorus concentration with application of 25 kg, 50 kg, and 75 kg P2O5 ha–1 after 120 d of incubation were 95.6, 112.2, and 116.6 mg kg–1, respectively, which was 19.65% (25 kg P2O5 ha–1) to 45.93% (75 kg P2O5 ha–1) higher than control. There were four stages of mineralization‐immobilization turnover of Olsen‐P and available K: rapid declining trend up to 30 d, slow rise up to 60 d, rapid mineralization up to 90 d, and then slows down up to 120 d. On average, rapid reduction in soil pH from 6.60 to 5.42 was observed within 120 d of incubation. The study of mineralization of PK and change in pH during incubation could be helpful for predicting nutrient availability and requirement time for crops.
Characterizing the body morphology of the first metacarpal in the Homininae using 3D geometric morphometrics
Authors: Morley Jonathan , Bucchi Ana , Lorenzo Carlos , Püschel Thomas A.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The morphological characteristics of the thumb are of particular interest due to its fundamental role in enhanced manipulation. Despite its possible importance regarding this issue, the body of the first metacarcapal (MC1) has not been fully characterized using morphometrics. This could provide further insights into its anatomy, as well as its relationship with manipulative capabilities. Hence, this study quantifies the shape of the MC1's body in the extant Homininae and some fossil hominins to provide a better characterization of its morphology.

Materials and methods

The sample includes MC1s of modern humans (n = 42), gorillas (n = 27), and chimpanzees (n = 30), as well as Homo neanderthalensis, Homo naledi, and Australopithecus sediba. 3D geometric morphometrics were used to quantify the shape of MC1's body.

Results

The results show a clear distinction among the three extant genera. H. neanderthalensis mostly falls within the modern human range of variation. H. naledi varies slightly from modern humans, although also showing some unique trait combination, whereas A. sediba varies to an even greater extent. When classified using a discriminant analysis, the three fossils are categorized within the Homo group.

Conclusion

The modern human MC1 is characterized by a distinct suite of traits, not present to the same extent in the great apes, that are consistent with an ability to use forceful precision grip. This morphology was also found to align very closely with that of H. neanderthalensis. H. naledi shows a number of human‐like adaptations, while A. sediba presents a mix of both derived and more primitive traits.
Functional Aqueous Zinc–Acetylene Batteries for Electricity Generation and Electrochemical Acetylene Reduction to Ethylene
Authors: An Siying , Liu Zhenpeng , Bu Jun , Lin Jin , Yao Yuan , Yan Chen , Tian Wei , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2022

The available processes for removing acetylene impurities from crude ethylene are tremendously energy‐intensive. Herein, we demonstrate a novel aqueous Zn–C2H2 battery, which not only switches energy‐consuming acetylene removal to electricity generation, but also reduces acetylene to ethylene through a unique discharge mechanism: C2H2+Zn+H2O→C2H4+ZnO. Under a pure acetylene stream, this Zn–C2H2 battery exhibits an open circuit potential of 1.14 V and a peak power density of 2.2 mW cm−2, which exceed those of reported Zn–CO2 batteries. Even for simulated crude ethylene, the Zn–C2H2 battery manifests an acetylene conversion of 99.97 % and continuously produces polymer‐grade ethylene with only ≈3 ppm acetylene during a long‐term discharge operation. Such a functional battery is universally appliable for reducing other alkynes and generating electricity. Therefore, this work provides an effective strategy for green ethylene purification and the design of functional batteries.
The Orbital Origins of Chemical Bonding in Ge−Sb−Te Phase‐Change Materials**
Authors: Hempelmann Jan , Müller Peter C. , Ertural Christina , Dronskowski Richard
Published: January 2022

Layered phase‐change materials in the Ge−Sb−Te system are widely used in data storage and are the subject of intense research to understand the quantum‐chemical origin of their unique properties. To uncover the nature of the underlying periodic wavefunction, we have studied the interacting atomic orbitals including their phases by means of crystal orbital bond index and fragment crystal orbital analysis. In full accord with findings based on projected force constants, we demonstrate the role of multicenter bonding along straight atomic connectivities. While the resulting multicenter bonding resembles three‐center‐four‐electron bonding in molecules, its solid‐state manifestation leads to distinct long‐range consequences, thus serving to contextualize the material properties usually termed “metavalent”. Eventually we suggest multicenter bonding to be the origin of their astonishing bond‐breaking and phase‐change behavior, as well as the too small “van‐der‐Waals” gaps between individual layers.
A benchmark study of machine learning methods for molecular electronic transition: Tree‐based ensemble learning versus graph neural network
Authors: Kang Beomchang , Seok Chaok , Lee Juyong
Published: January 2022

Fluorophores play crucial roles in chemical and biological imaging. An efficient computational model that evaluates the electronic properties of molecules accurately would be a useful tool for discovering novel fluorophores. Tree‐based ensemble and graph neural network (GNN) methods have been regarded as attractive models for predicting molecular properties. Here, we present a benchmark test using three tree‐based ensemble methods (Random Forest, LightGBM, and XGBoost) and three GNNs (directed message passing neural network [D‐MPNN], attention message passing neural network [AMPNN], and DimeNet++) for predicting electronic transition properties such as excitation energies and oscillator strengths. From our benchmark, DimeNet++ was identified as the most accurate model to predict electronic transition properties. The average root mean square error of DimeNet++ for predicting the HOMO–LUMO gap was 0.11 eV whereas those of the other methods exceeded 0.3 eV. D‐MPNN predicted fastest without sacrificing accuracy. Our results show that DimeNet++ and D‐MPNN may serve as helpful evaluators for novel fluorophore design when combined with molecular generation methods.
A survey of polar stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography and recent progress in understanding retention and selectivity
Authors: Guo Yong
Published: January 2022

Various polar stationary phases are available for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and help drive continuous applications in biomedical, environmental, and pharmaceutical areas in the past decade. Although the stationary phases for HILIC have been reviewed previously, it is an appropriate time to take another look at the progresses made during the past 5 years. The current review provides an overview of the polar stationary phases commercially available for HILIC applications in an effort to assist scientists in selecting suitable columns. New types of stationary phases that were published in literature in the past 5 years are summarized and discussed. The trend in stationary phase research and development is also highlighted. Of particular interest is the experimental evidence for direct interactions of polar analytes with the ligands of the stationary phases under HILIC conditions. In addition, two different approaches have been developed to delineate the relative significance of the partitioning and adsorption mechanisms in HILIC, representing an important advancement in our understanding of the retention mechanisms in HILIC.
Appraisal of information and communications technologies on the teaching process by neuro fuzzy logic
Authors: Cao Yan , AlKubaisy Zenah M. , Stojanović Jelena , Denić Nebojša , Petković Dalibor , Zlatković Dragan , Zakić Aleksandar
Published: January 2022

The use of modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the learning process has many advantages, but, as recent research has shown, their introduction into the teaching process is rather slow and complex. The rapid development of ICT has caused many changes in society and, consequently, in the education process. The integration of ICT into the teaching process transforms traditional teaching into new teaching that is ready to respond to the demands and needs of a contemporary learner to increase the quality of education: better student motivation, use of different sources of knowledge, development of functional abilities of students, and the ultimate goal is to increase learning outcomes. For that reason, this article explores the possibilities and ways of introducing GeoGebra's mathematical software in geometry classes and its impact on teaching and understanding of processed material by students. In this study, we analyze the influence of educational software in mathematics lectures. The main goal of educational software is to improve teaching performances and make mathematics attractive for the teaching and learning process as well. Educational software represents a combination of ICT and electronic learning (e‐learning). Taking into account the specifics of the application of these technologies in different scientific disciplines, the aim of this article is to analyze the impact of the teachers' scientific field on the effects of the application of these technologies in selected higher education institutions. The research included teachers from 10 faculties and 3 schools of applied studies, who provided answers to 20 survey questions. A questionnaire study was applied to obtain training and testing data for statistical evaluation. The statistical analysis was based on an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The results confirm that the educational software in mathematics lectures is a very important factor for improvement of the teaching process. The effects of this software on motivation, interest, and confidence of the course's participants were observed. The use of ICTs through the use of GeoGebra will be a new challenge for both teachers and students. An assessment of the motivation and achievement of two groups of students was carried out. The control group and experimental group attended classes in a traditional way and by using ICT, respectively. The results of the research have highlighted the huge advantages of introducing ICT into the teaching process.
Serum Compatible Spermine‐Based Cationic Lipids with Nonidentical Hydrocarbon Tails Mediate High Transfection Efficiency
Authors: Thongbamrer Chopaka , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Opanasopit Praneet , Yingyongnarongkul Boon‐ek
Published: January 2022

Cationic lipids are widely used as nonviral synthetic vectors for gene delivery as a safer alternative to viral vectors. In this work, a library of L‐shaped spermine‐based cationic lipids with identical and nonidentical hydrophobic chains having variable carbon lengths (from C10 to C18) was designed and synthesized. These lipids were characterized and the structure‐activity relationships of these compounds were determined for DNA binding and transfection ability when formulated as cationic liposomes. The liposomes were then used successfully for the transfection of HEK293T, HeLa, PC3, H460, HepG2, SH‐SY5Y and Calu’3 cell lines. The transfection efficiency of lipids with nonidentical hydrocarbon chains was greater than the identical analogue. These reagents exhibited superior efficiency to the commercial reagent, Lipofectamine3000, under both serum‐free and 10–40 % serum conditions in HEK293T, HeLa and H460 cell lines. The lipids were not toxic to the tested cell line. The results suggest that L‐shaped spermine‐based cationic lipids with nonidentical hydrocarbon tails could serve as efficient and safe nonviral vector gene carriers in further in vivo studies.
Combining computer vision and deep learning to classify varieties of Prunus dulcis for the nursery plant industry
Authors: Borraz‐Martínez Sergio , Simó Joan , Gras Anna , Mestre Mariàngela , Boqué Ricard , Tarrés Francesc
Published: January 2022

Varietal control to avoid unwanted varietal mixtures is an important objective for the nursery plant industry. In this study, we have developed and analyzed the capabilities of a computer vision system based on deep learning for the control of plant varieties in the nursery plant industry and for evaluating its capabilities. For this purpose, three datasets of nursery plant images were compared. The datasets came from two varieties of almond trees (Prunus dulcis) named Soleta and Pentacebas. Each dataset contained images with three different scales: whole plant, leaf, and venation. The Gradient‐weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad‐CAM) technique was used to unveil the most important features to discriminate between both varieties. The three datasets provided classification accuracies above 97% in the test set, being the leaf dataset, with a 98.8% accuracy, the one providing the best results. Concerning the most important features of the plants, the Grad‐CAM showed that they are located in the center of the leaf, that is, the venation. In conclusion, we have shown that computer vision is a promising technique for the control of plant varietal mixtures.