bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of two‐dimensional single atom‐supported MXenes as hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts using density functional theory and machine learning
Authors: Liang Hongxing , Liu Peng‐Fei , Xu Min , Li Haotong , Asselin Edouard
Published: November 2022

Screening promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial for the industrial scalability of sustainable energy storage. As HER catalysts, two‐dimensional (2D) MXenes are promising substitution materials for platinum. Tuning the surface termination and loading a single atom can help to improve the electrocatalytic performance of 2D MXenes. We utilized density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the catalyst activity, thermal stability, and dynamic stability of 2D single atom‐loaded MXenes with surface terminations. We demonstrate that 21 uninvestigated 2D single‐atom MXene catalysts, among 264 promising candidates, show an electrocatalytic activity surpassing that of platinum. Among the 21 most promising HER catalysts, 7 (Ti3C2I2Ir, Ti3C2Br2Cu, Ti3C2Br2Pt, Ti3C2Cl2Cu, Ti3C2Cl2Pt, Ti3C2Se2Au, and Ti3C2Te2Nb) are dynamically and thermally stable. Furthermore, machine learning tools predicted the catalyst activity and thermal stability using elemental properties that are easily available in chemical data repositories.
Improved passivity‐based control for Markovian jump singular systems with aperiodic sampling and actuator failures
Authors: Liang Xingyue , Xia Jianwei , Shen Hao , Yan Chengyuan , Wang Xiao
Published: November 2022

This aricle investigates the passivity‐based control problem for Markovian jump singular systems with aperiodic sampling and actuator failures. Firstly, in order to fully consider the system information, two novel mode‐dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functions (LKFs) are constructed, which are composed of one‐sided and two‐sided looped‐functionals respectively. Based on these two LKFs and an improved integral inequality, two stochastic admissibility and robust passivity criteria with lesser conservatism are given by using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, through these theorems, it is proved that the positive constraint of LKFs can be relaxed from all times to sampling times for Markovian jump singular systems with aperiodic sampling and actuator failures. Then, two aperiodic sampled‐data controller algorithms are proposed by LMIs to ensure the stability of the systems. Finally, A numerical example and a model of DC motor driving an inverted pendulum are provided to demonstrate the validity of the main results.
Highly Selective Pd Nanosheet Aerogel Catalyst with Hybrid Strain Induced by Laser Irradiation and P Doping Postprocess
Authors: Zhang Ran , Zhao Yan , Guo Ziang , Liu Xuan , Zhu Liye , Jiang Yijian
Published: November 2022

Strain engineering of electrocatalysts provides an effective strategy to improve the intrinsic catalytic activity. Here, the defect‐rich crystalline/amorphous Pd nanosheet aerogel with hybrid microstrain and lattice strain is synthesized by combining laser irradiation and phosphorus doping methods. The surface strain exhibited by the microstrain and lattice strain shifts the d‐band center of the electrocatalyst, enhancing the adsorption of intermediates in the ethanol oxidation reaction and thus improving the catalytic performances. The measured mass activity, specific activity and C1‐path selectivity of the Pd nanosheet aerogel are 4.48, 3.06, and 5.06 times higher than those of commercial Pd/C, respectively. These findings afford a new strategy for the preparation of highl activity and C1 pathway selective catalysts and provide insight into the catalytic mechanism of strain‐rich heterojunction materials based on tunable surface strain values.
Revealing the Real Charge Carrier in Aqueous Zinc Batteries Based on Polythiophene/Manganese Dioxide Cathode
Authors: Huang Xinjun , Liu Xiaohui , Li Hui , Zhao Qin , Ma Tianyi
Published: November 2022

The rechargeable aqueous zinc–manganese dioxide (Zn–MnO2) batteries are promising candidates for grid‐scale energy storage because of their high energy density and safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Unfortunately, capacity fading and ambiguous energy storage mechanisms are obstacles to the commercial application of Zn–MnO2 batteries. Herein, the polythiophene (PTh)‐MnO2 (PTM) nanocomposites are synthesized through a simple and low‐energy consumption interfacial polymerization method. Benefiting from the flexibility and high conductivity of PTh, the PTM electrodes exhibit high reversible specific capacity, acceptable rate performance, and impressive cycle life. Furthermore, ex situ characterizations of the PTM electrodes reveal that the real charge carriers are protons (H+) and hydrated alkaline zinc sulfate (ZSH) is the main product during the discharge state of Zn‐PTM batteries. Consequently, the reversible H+ insertion/extraction accompanying the formation/dissolution mechanism of the Zn‐PTM battery is proposed. In addition, the Zn‐PTM pouch battery as a power source can drive 3C commodities even under striking and piercing conditions. This study not only offers a promising strategy to scale synthesize cathode materials but also promotes insight into energy storage mechanisms and practical applications for aqueous zinc batteries.
Minireview: Ni–Fe and Ni–Co Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Water‐Splitting Reactions
Authors: Taffa Dereje H. , Balkenhohl Danni , Amiri Mandana , Wark Michael
Published: November 2022

Electrolysis is one of the clean, environmentally friendly, and sustainable pathways to produce hydrogen for renewable energy storage. However, to make electrolysis a competitive technology for hydrogen production, developing nonprecious metal‐based catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is mandatory. Several new classes of electrocatalysts are developed with outstanding OER catalytic activity, stability, and commercial viability. Owing to the structural diversity, porosity, and accessibility of catalytically active metal centers, nickel‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are intensively explored as OER catalysts. In particular, bi‐ and trimetallic Ni MOFs with Fe and Co as additional metal nodes show excellent OER activity which can be tailored through the fine tuning of the metal compositions. Herein, the current state of research in Ni‐based MOFs as OER catalyst materials for alkaline electrolysis is presented. Strategies to improve the catalytic performance like compositional variations, choice of synthetic routes, and support materials are presented. Furthermore, OER activities are compared and presented based on the performance metrics (current density, overpotential, and Tafel slopes). Finally, concluding remarks featuring the key findings in Ni‐based MOFs and the possible rooms for future developments are summarized.
The successful surgical removal of a massive maxillary palatine osteoma in a dog
Authors: Davey Jack Stewart , Chong Wye Li , Iversen James , Jermyn Kieri
Published: November 2022

A 1.5‐year‐old, spayed, female labrador x kelpie presented with a massive solitary palatine osteoma. En bloc excision required excision of palatine, maxillary and ventral vomer bone. The subsequent defect was closed with a combination of a left angularis oris buccal mucosal interpolation flap, right buccal mucosal rotational flap and rostral advancement of the remaining soft palate. The procedure was tolerated by the patient, with no major complications from the surgery. Histopathological examination of the excised tissue indicated complete excision of the osteoma. At the time of the publication, no recurrence had occurred, and the owners considered the procedure to provide excellent post‐operative results. The use of these soft tissue techniques allowed complete excision of the neoplasia from this difficult anatomic location in a single procedure without the need for revision surgery.
Behavioral responses of Canada geese to winter harassment in the context of human‐wildlife conflicts
Authors: Askren Ryan J. , Eichholz Mike W. , Sharp Christopher M. , Washburn Brian E. , Beckerman Scott F. , Pullins Craig K. , Fournier Auriel M. V. , Vonbank Jay A. , Weegman Mitch D. , Hagy Heath M. , Ward Michael P.
Published: November 2022

Wildlife harassment (i.e., intentional disturbance by humans) is a common nonlethal management approach employed to reduce human‐wildlife conflicts, but effectiveness is often undocumented or uncertain. We evaluated the effect of harassment on Canada goose (Branta canadensis) behavior in an urban area during winter. Winter can be a challenging period for waterfowl given limited food availability and greater thermoregulatory costs; thus, we expected that harassment in winter may be more effective than during other portions of the year. We used GPS transmitters equipped with accelerometers to evaluate the effects of harassment, weather conditions, and breeding origin location on goose movements, land cover use, emigration, survival, and behavior. Harassment caused geese to leave the harassment site more often (3.5 times) than on days when not harassed, but geese returned quickly after harassment (1.9 times) than without harassment. Harassment of geese affected specific goose behaviors (foraging, resting, flying, and alert), but effects of harassment were relatively small compared to the effects of weather conditions. Changes in land cover use were impacted by weather conditions, independent of harassment. Our findings suggest that harassment was ineffective at significantly changing site use or behaviors of geese and repeated harassment had diminishing returns. Geese moved to specific land cover resources that serve as sanctuaries (e.g., open waterbodies) during periods of extreme cold to engage in energetically conservative behaviors (i.e., resting). Harassing geese in areas that provide sanctuary during extreme cold periods or the use of lethal management in coordination with targeted harassment may be more effective than harassment alone in urban areas.
Youth Engagement and the Water–Energy–Land Nexus in Costa Rica
Authors: Mora-Mussio Jasson
Published: November 2022

The water–energy–land nexus methodology proposes land management treatment based on watershed areas, considering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) objectives of SDG 6 Clean Water and Sanitation and SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, and the evolution of governance. This framework was applied in two volcanic watersheds using open-source geodata methods. The results explain the governance evolution by stakeholder’s types and their activities around the water, land, and energy distribution and land evolution.
Mapping Access to Electricity in Urban and Rural Nigeria
Authors: Jolaiya Emmanuel , Akintola Mercy , Nafiu Opeyemi
Published: November 2022

YouthMappers use OpenStreetMap and IoT tools to help map where rural communities have good, poor, or no access to electricity throughout Nigeria, contributing to efforts that bring stable power across West Africa. An ongoing energy crisis is hampering other efforts to make sustainable cities and communities, so assessing and locating the reality of power access are critical not only to address SDGs related to affordable and clean energy but also as a fundamental element that serves as an engine for sustainable development. Through these efforts, we students have built our technology capacity and community networks, while also advancing practices about how to build inclusive, sustainable cities and communities in both urban and rural places where we live and study.
Mapping Invisible and Inaccessible Areas of Brazilian Cities to Reduce Inequalities
Authors: Elias Elias Nasr Naim , Bortolini Everton , Pisetta Jaqueline Alves , de Moraes Vestena Kauê , da Silva Maurielle Felix , Damas Nathan , Camboim Silvana Philippi
Published: November 2022

This account of the experiences of the first YouthMappers chapter in Brazil aims to present the work done by Mapeadores Livres UFPR focusing on the themes of accessibility (SDG 10 Reduced Inequalities) and favela mapping (SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities), bringing as a transversal discussion of the quality of the geospatial data obtained collaboratively. Mapeadores Livres UFPR proposes to be a formative space in collaborative mapping, and the theme of favela mapping reinforces our character as an extension and research group and as a teaching group with the inclusion of this topic in the course developed. YouthMappers functions as an outreach project at the Universidade Federal do Paraná and is an interface between the universe of social organizations and their humanitarian projects and that of universities and their research topics.
Sustainable Development in Asia Pacific and the Role of Mapping for Women
Authors: Agaton Celina
Published: November 2022

In the archipelago of the Philippines, surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, sustainable development takes many forms, but livelihoods are always shaped by our ocean surroundings. This chapter explores a collection of research that addresses concerns that emerge when advancing SDG 14, to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development, with an eye toward the particular role of women in the creation of development, SDG 5. This includes their household contributions, as well as what they give to promote knowledge, policy, and programming and how the household and enterprise needs of women are critical to life in this region. The use of free and open-source tools through the Open Knowledge Kit Regeneration Program presents universal benefits to address the combined devastation of the pandemic, climate change, and of marginalized communities, especially women. Easy to use data collection, analyses, and modeling tools remove barriers to participation and the creation of knowledge.
Understanding YouthMappers’ Contributions to Building Resilient Communities in Asia
Authors: Andal Feye , Islam Manjurul , Shaheen Ataur Rahman , Anderson Jennings
Published: November 2022

This chapter considers the contributions of YouthMappers chapters in Asia. In addition to a regional overview, we highlight actions of students in Bangladesh and the Philippines to fill critical data gaps that support community access to information during emergencies, natural disasters, and pandemics. Lack of data leads to poor decision-making at any time, but in the context of shocks and hazards, it can have an especially profound impact on local communities. By creating open geospatial data and by advancing the geospatial capacity of university students and local community members, local governing bodies will be able to plan for the well-being of their constituents and community members will have access to the information necessary to keep their families safe. This contributes to better health and well-being (SDG 3) and a more resilient society in the face of impacts of climate change (SDG 13).
Seeing the World Through Maps: An Inclusive and Youth-Oriented Approach
Authors: Sharma Shraddha , Clark Courtney , Dhakal Sandhya , Nepal Saugat
Published: November 2022

Through YouthMappers, young women students are able to design and participate in activities that collect, create, and disseminate spatial data and information to prepare spatial databases and maps for visualization, analysis, planning, and decision-making in their local communities. Because the field of geography is dominated by men, the contributions, needs, and priorities of women are frequently overshadowed and ignored. We cannot imagine a society labeled as fully mapped if it does not represent all its members. Through its innovation programming, YouthMappers aims to engage future generations of women mappers to reduce inequalities (SDG 10) and support gender equality (SDG 5).
Submarine Eruption of El Hierro, Geotourism and Geoparks
Authors: Hernández Ramos William , Ortega Victor , Przeor Monika , Pérez Nemesio M. , Hernández Pedro A.
Published: November 2022

The year 2011 remained in the memory of the residents of the island of El Hierro (Canary Island, Spain) because of the volcanic episode that originated in its vicinity. From the beginning of the first precursory signs in July 2011, the island’s inhabitants reminded that the islands’ geological origin is volcanic and, what are the consequent threats of living on them. The eruption, however, has occurred in the marine realm leaving the only threats to the population, strong earthquakes, and diffuse emission of volcanic gases. The Tagoro eruption has not caused any loss of human life, however, its major impact indirectly affected the economy of the residents of the village of La Restinga, in whose vicinity the volcano originated. From a scientific point of view, the eruption has provided an enormous field of observation of the volcanic phenomenon. With the information obtained during the monitoring of the volcano, there is more insight into possible future eruptions. A volcanic product that has never been seen before (Restringolites) was found thanks to this eruption, which is why this volcano was so particular from a petrological point of view. The eruption affected the island's economy, and it also had negative consequences on Herreño tourism. The inhabitants of the island, wanting to recover the pre-eruptive economic levels and attract tourists, who, due to the false catastrophic descriptions about the eruption, stopped coming, have taken decisive steps. El Hierro, having peculiar geomorphological and geological characteristics, was the perfect candidate to obtain the Geopark status. In this way, the island of El Hierro, being the Biosphere Reserve since 2000, became also the Geopark since 2014.
Volcanology of Recent Oceanic Active Island
Authors: Ramos William Hernández , Ortega Victor , Przeor Monika , Pérez Nemesio M. , Hernández Pedro A.
Published: November 2022

The island of El Hierro is the youngest of the entire Canary archipelago, with an age of about 1.56 My. However, it has had a rapid growth, which has caused that from its first stages of formation it has had important collapses. Since submarine volcanism, El Hierro has gone through different phases of formation such as the construction of the Tiñor Building, later that of the El Golfo Building, then came the Rifts volcanism and finally the historical volcanism. This is the geological context of an island whose formation process has not yet finished.
The Vegetation Landscapes of a Oceanic Recent Volcanic Island
Authors: Beltrán-Yanes Esther , Esquivel-Sigut Isabel
Published: November 2022

The aim of this chapter is to characterise the vegetation landscapes of El Hierro’s Geopark, highlighting the important role played by the island’s volcanic morphology in the richness and diversity of its landscapes. To this end, some of its most representative vegetation landscapes have been selected at various spatial scales, recognising their main discontinuities and internal organisation, and identifying the integrated combinations of the geographical factors that determine them have been identified, with special interest in the volcanic morphostructural conditioning factors. This work has required photointerpretation of aerial images and consultation of the WMS (Web Map Service) of IdeCanarias, as well as field work for the preparation of vegetation profiles and floristic-physiognomic inventories. Active volcanic areas are distinguished by being some of the most dynamic types of landscape on the planet. In this sense, the study of the vegetation landscapes of the small island of El Hierro allows us to discover how volcanic morphogenesis can extraordinarily diversify island landscapes.
Enabling Knowledge Development Relevant for ECEC
Authors: Wallerstedt Cecilia , Nilsen Malin
Published: November 2022

In this first chapter of the volume (Wallerstedt, Brooks, Ødegaard & Pramling, this volume), we will introduce the themes and chapters included. Eight examples of research projects will be given, and even if many denotations are used in the different chapters to describe the methods used, they are all aimed at improving preschool practice and take on social problems in a broader sense. We will discuss how development projects or studies, research projects and innovation, inquiry-based research and professional development programmes, and action research approach relate to praxis-related methodology and its key references. A central aspect is that the focus is on problems that are experienced in preschool, even if the process of formulating these problems differs. Sometimes it is the preschool that initiates contact with academia, while other times it is the researchers who consider it important to collaborate with preschools. Regardless, they are all collaboration projects in which participants from preschools and participants from academia (i.e. researchers) work together, but often in a more explorative way, compared to other studies within the development and praxis-related research tradition.
The Importance of De-reifying Language in Research with Early Childhood Education and Care Professionals: A Critical Feature of Workshop Methodology
Authors: Pramling Niklas , Peterson Louise
Published: November 2022

A common observation at workshops in collaborative research between ECEC personnel and researchers is that the educational professionals express an expectation that the research partners should tell them what to do and how something is. This clashes with a foundational premise of research – that research entails generating new knowledge – and thus we cannot say beforehand how it is or what should more specifically be done by teachers. In this chapter, the discussion moves beyond this identified challenge, through theoretical analysis of the language used in interprofessional communication. It is argued that the linguistic process of transforming verbs into nouns (i.e., nominalisation) and its ensuing reification (making-into-things), recontextualised in relation to researcher-ECEC personnel collaboration, needs to be problematised through metacommunicating. This is critical in order to avoid constituting knowledge as objects existing beforehand to simply be transmitted from knower (researcher) to receiver (ECEC personnel). Such a view constitutes the latter group as lacking knowledge. In order to recognise different participating groups’ contributions, more active and dynamic metaphors of knowledge – in this text, the notion ofknowledgingis suggested (cf. languaging and knowing) – are needed in order to promote mutual recognition and agency among participants, an issue at the heart of interprofessional collaborative work.
Terminological and Conceptual Meta-commentaries on Practices-Developing Research
Authors: Pramling Niklas , Wallerstedt Cecilia
Published: November 2022

In this commentary concluding this volume (Wallerstedt, Brooks, Ødegaard & Pramling, this volume), we discuss three principal matters: (i) what constitutes problems in research carried out in collaboration between researchers and ECEC personnel, (ii) limitations and ethical dilemmas that we find particular to such research, and finally (iii) the very terminology employed for this kind of research and its participating groups of collaborators.
A Retrospective View on Researchers’ and Preschool Teachers’ Collaboration: The Case of Developing Children’s Learning in Preschool
Authors: Pramling Samuelsson Ingrid
Published: November 2022

This chapter reports on research that is foundational to much of the work carried out by the members of the network responsible for this volume (Wallerstedt, Brooks, Ødegaard & Pramling, this volume). The aim of the two studies I will discuss here was to determine whether a metacognitive approach to children’s learning supported children’s sensemaking in preschool. Four preschools were followed, of which two received feedback on their metacognitive dialogues with children from the researcher and two were followed with no feedback, serving as the comparison group. A replication with more groups and teachers was later conducted, with similar results. The development approach consisted of teachers and researchers meeting regularly to jointly discuss the approach to teaching and the content to work with. The content was based on earlier research on how children make sense of different phenomena and content areas. The researchers visited the participating preschools and video-recorded when the teachers carried out activities with children. Afterwards, the recordings were discussed with the teachers. The participants also met once a month to discuss central questions. What development research means in this case will be discussed, as will what contributions the studies made to research (theory) and the development of pedagogy (preschool). There is also a parallel process between teachers and children that will be highlighted. Perhaps one can see this kind of developmental study as the first step towards praxis-oriented research.
Exploring Mixed Roles and Goals in Collaborative Research: The Example of Toddler Mathematics Education
Authors: Björklund Camilla , Palmér Hanna
Published: November 2022

This chapter focuses on the methodological possibilities and challenges arising from the mixed roles and aims between researchers and teachers in a research project aimed at developing educational practices with toddlers. The project was conducted in close collaboration between researchers and preschool teachers in Sweden for three semesters using an iterative design of meetings every 2 weeks to evaluate, develop, and plan teaching activities for toddlers. The key questions concerned deepening the knowledge, both theoretically and empirically, of how children develop numerical skills and how this development can be facilitated in early childhood education. Due to the specific context in which the research and development were undertaken, methodologies previously used in research on early mathematics had to be further developed. During the close collaboration in carrying out the project, unanticipated methodological challenges involving the mixed roles and goals of the collaborators did arise but turned out to enrich the knowledge for all participants. The challenges concerned both the common goal to learn more about early mathematical learning and the diverse approaches with which preschool teachers and researchers entered the project.
Managing the Tension Between the Known and the Unknown in Knowledge-Building: The Example of the Play-Responsive Early Childhood Education and Care (PRECEC) Project
Authors: Wallerstedt Cecilia
Published: November 2022

This project was aimed at taking on the challenge of developing adidaktikfor preschool, through empirical and theoretical work. The design was built on teachers’ own video observations of play activities in preschool, where they themselves were participants. Teachers, their principals, and researchers met regularly at the university to collaboratively discuss the video recordings. On these occasions the researchers also provided further education on theoretical concepts useful for analysing play activities in preschool, such as metacommunication and intersubjectivity. The outcome was the theorisation of Play-Responsive Early Childhood Education and Care (PRECEC), consisting of a coherent conceptualisation of teaching, as a responsive activity, and play, as something participants signal to each other through shifts between communicating and acting as is and as if. A challenge we discuss in this chapter is how to deal with the ‘unknown’ in a practice-based research project, i.e. not only reproducing knowledge (further education) but also, critically and at the same time, developing new knowledge (research).
Integrating Digital Technologies in Teaching and Learning Through Participation: Case Studies from the Xlab – Design, Learning, Innovation Laboratory
Authors: Brooks Eva , Møller Anders Kalsgaard , Schurer Maja Højslet
Published: November 2022

Technology-rich creative and collaborative learning environments are believed to offer powerful settings for children to become acquainted with computational concepts through playful ways of learning. This chapter draws on a body of empirical research grounded in a Living Lab environment at Aalborg University in Denmark (Xlab – Design, Learning, Innovation), which functions as an educational mediator of playful workshops offering hands-on experience of technologies and creative approaches to experiment- and explorative-oriented activities, where children and teachers can play to learn. The chapter offers insights into understanding the tensions and potentials of such technology-rich environments for participatory-driven creative learning, providing information on practice-related possibilities for and constraints to implementing technology-rich educational designs in early years education.
Mutuality in Collaboration: A Development Project for Teaching in Multilingual ECEC
Authors: Kultti Anne
Published: November 2022

The context of this chapter is a long-term collaboration within a development project for decreasing differences in young children’s living conditions. The project aimed to take on this challenge through professional development about teaching and learning, as well as home-preschool collaboration, in multilingual preschool contexts. Participants were preschool teachers, preschool heads, and persons responsible for preschool education in a total of six municipalities, together with a researcher and a local region working for children’s wellbeing. In this chapter, collaboration is seen as a dialogical activity between these actors. Experiences of conditions for and contributions of mutuality in a collaboration are reflected on and discussed from a researcher’s perspective. A lesson learned involves the cruciality of practices of leading, in terms of organizing for ongoing professional development. This includes legitimizing the experiences of participating teachers and distributing leadership. These aspects are understood as adding to the ownership of participating teachers and contributing to the development of content.
Cerebral Superficial Siderosis
Authors: Weidauer Stefan , Neuhaus Elisabeth , Hattingen Elke
Published: November 2022

Superficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system constitutes linear hemosiderin deposits in the leptomeninges and the superficial layers of the cerebrum and the spinal cord. Infratentorial (i) SS is likely due to recurrent or continuous slight bleeding into the subarachnoid space. It is assumed that spinal dural pathologies often resulting in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is the most important etiological group which causes iSS and detailed neuroradiological assessment of the spinal compartment is necessary. Further etiologies are neurosurgical interventions, trauma and arteriovenous malformations. Typical neurological manifestations of this classical type of iSS are slowly progressive sensorineural hearing impairment and cerebellar symptoms, such as ataxia, kinetic tremor, nystagmus and dysarthria. Beside iSS, a different type of SS restricted to the supratentorial compartment can be differentiated, i.e. cortical (c) SS, especially in older people often due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Clinical presentation of cSS includes transient focal neurological episodes or “amyloid spells”. In addition, spontaneous and amyloid beta immunotherapy-associated CAA-related inflammation may cause cSS, which is included in the hemorrhagic subgroup of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). Because a definitive diagnosis requires a brain biopsy, knowledge of neuroimaging features and clinical findings in CAA-related inflammation is essential. This review provides neuroradiological hallmarks of the two groups of SS and give an overview of neurological symptoms and differential diagnostic considerations.
Treatment of tibial bone defects: pilot analysis of direct medical costs between distraction osteogenesis with an Ilizarov frame and the Masquelet technique
Authors: Kanakaris Nikolaos K. , Harwood Paul J. , Mujica-Mota Ruben , Mohrir Ganesh , Chloros George , Giannoudis Peter V.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The cost implications of limb reconstruction techniques have not been adequately investigated. Aim of this pilot study was to compare the direct medical cost of tibial bone defects managed with distraction osteogenesis–Ilizarov method (ILF), or with Masquelet technique (MIF).

Methods

Data of 20 random patients treated in a single centre were analysed. Inclusion criteria included acute tibial defects, or post-debridement of nonunions with complete follow-up and successful union. The endpoint of clinical efficacy was the time-to-defect union. Comparisons were made between equally sized subgroups (ILF vs. MIF).

Results

The average defect length was 5.6 cm (2.6–9.6 cm). The overall cost of 20 cases reached £452,974 (mean £22,339, range £13,459–£36,274). Statistically significant differences favoring the MIF were found regarding the average time-to-union; number of surgeries, of admissions and follow-up visits, as well as the mean intraoperative cost (£8857 vs. £14,087). These differences lead to significant differences of the mean cost of the overall treatment (MIF £18,131 vs. ILF £26,126). Power analysis based on these data indicated that 35 patients on each group would allow detection of a 25% difference, with an alpha value of 0.05 and probability (power) of 0.9.

Conclusions

The results and analysis presented highlight factors affecting the high financial burden, even in a best-case scenario, this type of surgery entails. Larger pivotal studies should follow to improve the cost efficiency of clinical practice.
Relevantes interprofessionelles Wissen des (Allgemein‑/Viszeral‑)Chirurgen – Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz im chirurgischen Klinikalltag
Authors: Helm André , Fruth Jana , Klanten Ute , Rönnebeck Susan , Meyer Frank
Published: November 2022

Ziel und Methode

Kurzübersicht, basierend auf gesetzlichen Vorgaben, individuellen Erfahrungen aus der täglichen Praxis und ausgewählten Referenzen der aktuellen Literatur.

Ergebnisse (selektive Eckpunkte):

Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz sind gesetzlich vorgeschriebene und unverzichtbare Elemente allgemeinen, beruflichen und sozialen Handelns, die auch ins Qualitätsmanagement (QM) eingehen, dem auch der (Allgemein-/Viszeral-)Chirurg in seinem Wirken untersteht.

Informationssicherheit

Sie bezeichnet den Schutz von Informationen jeglicher Art und Herkunft - sie dient der Sicherstellung der Grundziele Vertraulichkeit, Integrität, Verfügbarkeit und Authentizität von Informationen, die die beiden Ziele des Klinikers, Patientensicherheit und Behandlungseffektivität, unterstützt.

Datenschutz

Es handelt sich dabei um ein Grundrecht zum Schutz vor missbräuchlicher Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten - dabei ist nicht der Schutz der Daten, sondern das Recht des Einzelnen auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung das Schutzziel.

IT-Notfallmanagement

Es umfasst, dass man im IT-Notfall (ausgelöst z. B. durch Systemausfall oder Cyberangriff) geordnet und unterbrechungsfrei in einen vorher definierten klinischen Notfallbetrieb wechselt - aus digitalen werden in ausschließlicher Instituts- bzw. Klinikverantwortung befindliche analoge Prozesse.

Schlussfolgerung

Von einem regelmäßigen bilateralen Austausch zwischen dem (Allgemein-/Viszeral-)Chirurgen und den Beauftragten für Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz profitieren beide Seiten gleichermaßen. Sie sind dadurch in der Lage, die gemeinsamen Ziele der Patientensicherheit und der Behandlungseffektivität durch eine verhältnismäßige Integration von Informationssicherheit und Datenschutz in den klinischen Alltag sicher zu stellen.
Einsatz von agilen Methoden in der Hochschulorganisation
Authors: Härer Florian , Herzwurm Georg
Published: November 2022

Dieser Artikel der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. möchte mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche das Thema der agilen Methoden aus einer mikro-organisatorischen Perspektive für den Hochschulbereich betrachten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einerseits, dass agile Methoden bereits den Zugang in die (internationale) Hochschullehre erhalten haben, um einige aktuellen Herausforderungen in der Hochschulbildung entgegenzuwirken. Andererseits wird durch die Analyse und Interpretation auch Raum für weitere Betrachtungsweisen zur Vorgehensweise entdeckt, sofern die Anwendung von agilen Methoden einen stärkeren ganzheitlichen Organisationsbezug für die Hochschule besitzen soll. Durch die abschließenden Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis wird aufgezeigt, dass Design Thinking die stärksten Potenziale für die Anwendung in der Hochschulorganisation, exemplarisch im Prozess der Curriculums- und Studiengangsentwicklung, besitzen könnte.
Organisation und Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung
Authors: Elven Julia
Published: November 2022

Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) wird eine organisationsforscherische Perspektive auf Bildung für Nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) – insbesondere unter Rückgriff auf Konzepte organisationalen Lernens – als analytisch potenzialreich vorgeschlagen. Dazu werden zunächst anhand der Ergebnisse eines (quantifizierenden) systematischen Literaturreviews einige Lücken im BNE-Diskurs aufgezeigt: Insbesondere lassen sich für den Begriff des organisationalen Lernens konzeptionelle Schwächen feststellen, die teilweise der politischen Schwerpunktsetzung der BNE-Programme entsprechen. Hieran anschließend werden theoretische Anknüpfungspunkte und Ergänzungspotenziale einer organisationstheoretisch fundierten Rekonstruktion nachhaltigkeitsbezogener Bildungsprozesse aufgezeigt, um schließlich zusammenfassend für die Erweiterung des BNE-Diskurses durch organisationspädagogische Perspektiven zu plädieren.
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from non-tobacco sources in homes within high-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Wei Shuying , Semple Sean
Published: November 2022

The health impacts associated with exposure to elevated concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are well recognised. There is a substantial number of studies characterising PM2.5 concentrations outdoors, as well as in homes within low- and middle-income countries. In high-income countries (HICs), there is a sizeable literature on indoor PM2.5 relating to smoking, but the evidence on exposure to PM2.5 generated from non-tobacco sources in homes is sparse. This is especially relevant as people living in HICs spend the majority of their time at home, and in the northern hemisphere households often have low air exchange rates for energy efficiency. This review identified 49 studies that described indoor PM2.5 concentrations generated from a variety of common household sources in real-life home settings in HICs. These included wood/solid fuel burning appliances, cooking, candles, incense, cleaning and humidifiers. The reported concentrations varied widely, both between sources and within groups of the same source. The burning of solid fuels was found to generate the highest indoor PM2.5 concentrations. On occasion, other sources were also reported to be responsible for high PM2.5 concentrations; however, this was only in a few select examples. This review also highlights the many inconsistencies in the ways data are collected and reported. The variable methods of measurement and reporting make comparison and interpretation of data difficult. There is a need for standardisation of methods and agreed contextual data to make household PM2.5 data more useful in epidemiological studies and aid comparison of the impact of different interventions and policies.
Multi Scale Ethics—Why We Need to Consider the Ethics of AI in Healthcare at Different Scales
Authors: Smallman Melanie
Published: November 2022

Many researchers have documented how AI and data driven technologies have the potential to have profound effects on our lives—in ways that make these technologies stand out from those that went before. Around the world, we are seeing a significant growth in interest and investment in AI in healthcare. This has been coupled with rising concerns about the ethical implications of these technologies and an array of ethical guidelines for the use of AI and data in healthcare has arisen. Nevertheless, the question of if and how AI and data technologies can be ethical remains open to debate. This paper aims to contribute to this debate by considering the wide range of implications that have been attributed to these technologies and asking whether current ethical guidelines take these factors into account. In particular, the paper argues that while current ethics guidelines for AI in healthcare effectively account for the four key issues identified in the ethics literature (transparency; fairness; responsibility and privacy), they have largely neglected wider issues relating to the way in which these technologies shape institutional and social arrangements. This, I argue, has given current ethics guidelines a strong focus on evaluating the impact of these technologies on the individual, while not accounting for the powerful social shaping effects of these technologies. To address this, the paper proposes a Multiscale Ethics Framework, which aims to help technology developers and ethical evaluations to consider the wider implications of these technologies.
Mediating Infrastructural Discipline: Established Practices and Changing Structures of Dar es Salaam’s Transport Sector
Authors: Jacobsen Malve
Published: November 2022

This article discusses the interplay of urban transport infrastructures and their need to and of discipline. Drawing on participatory observation, ride-alongs, and interviews, it elaborates the case of BRT introduction in Dar es Salaam and illustrates how various humans and nonhumans needed to be disciplined so that the Dar es Salaam Rapid Transit system could become operational. Referring to the conceptualizations of mediating technologies (Latour, 1994) and disciplinary devices (Ureta, 2012), this article elaborates how the new transport system disciplines its environment, and how it is itself disciplined through different norms and materialities. However, discipline did not realize as planned. De-scriptions (Akrich, 1992) of the system’s disciplining technologies occurred, as practices turned out differently. New forms and effective combinations of established practices and changing structures have led to fluid formations of urban transport. Two perspectives enable to deeply understand this transitional process. First, a sociotechnical perspective shows how agency has been (re)distributed and mediated through technologies and artefacts that were implemented to secure smooth bus operations. Second, a historical perspective elucidates how previous and prevalent practices of Tanzania’s minibus system and other road users impacted the formation of DART. The article hence demonstrates that technological innovation and spatial reorganization do not only lead to new forms of discipline, but to ongoing mediations and negotiations of transport practices.
The Ethics of Memory Modification: Personal Narratives, Relational Selves and Autonomy
Authors: Zawadzki Przemysław
Published: November 2022

For nearly two decades, ethicists have expressed concerns that the further development and use of memory modification technologies (MMTs)—techniques allowing to intentionally and selectively alter memories—may threaten the very foundations of who we are, our personal identity, and thus pose a threat to our well-being, or even undermine our “humaneness.” This paper examines the potential ramifications of memory-modifying interventions such as changing the valence of targeted memories and selective deactivation of a particular memory as these interventions appear to be at the same time potentially both most promising clinically as well as menacing to identity. However, unlike previous works discussing the potential consequences of MMTs, this article analyzes them in the context of the narrative relational approach to personal identity and potential issues related to autonomy. I argue that such a perspective brings to light the ethical aspects and moral issues arising from the use of MMTs that have been hidden from previously adopted approaches. In particular, this perspective demonstrates how important the social context in which an individual lives is for the ethical evaluation of a given memory-modifying intervention. I conclude by suggesting that undertaking memory modifications without taking into account the social dimension of a person’s life creates the risk that she will not be able to meet one of the basic human needs—the autonomous construction and maintenance of personal identity. Based on this conclusion, I offer some reflections on the permissibility and advisability of MMTs and what these considerations suggest for the future.
Nitrogen fixation capacity and metabolite responses to phosphorus in soybean nodules
Authors: Yao Yubo , Yuan Hongmei , Wu Guangwen , Yan Jun , Zhao Dongsheng , Chen Si , Kang Qinghua , Ma Chunmei , Gong Zhenping
Published: November 2022

Phosphorus (P) is necessary for nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of soybeans, a symbiotic process whereby plants support bacterial nitrogen fixation to obtain nitrogen needed for plant growth. Nitrogen accumulation, quantity, weight, specific nitrogenase activity (SNA) and acetylene reduction activity (ARA) of root soybean nodules were analyzed, using a broadly targeted metabolomics method incorporating liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to study the effects of P level (1, 11, 31, 61 mg/L denoted by P1, P11, P31, P61) on the types and abundance of various metabolites and on the expression of associated metabolic pathways in soybean root nodules. Nitrogen accumulation, quantity, weight, SNA and ARA of root nodules were inhibited by P stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that root nodules responded to P stress by increasing the number of amino acids and derivatives. Down-regulation of ABA, phosphorylcholine, and D-glucose 6-phosphate affected carotenoid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism and sugar metabolism which inhibited nodule nitrogen fixation under P stress. More flavonoids were involved in metabolic processes in soybean root nodules under P stress that regulated the nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The pathway ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and associated metabolites, were involved in the adaptation of the symbiotic soybean root nodule system to P starvation. This work provides a foundation for future investigations of physiological mechanisms that underly phosphorus stress on soybeans.
Exact sequences for dual Toeplitz algebras on hypertori
Authors: Benaissa Lakhdar , Guediri Hocine
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we construct a symbol calculus yielding short exact sequences for the dual Toeplitz algebra generated by all bounded dual Toeplitz operators on the Hardy space associated with the polydisk $${\mathbb {D}}^n$$

D

n

in the unitary space $${\mathbb {C}}^n$$

C

n

, that have been introduced and well studied in our earlier paper (Benaissa and Guediri in Taiwan J Math 19: 31–49, 2015), as well as for the C*-subalgebra generated by dual Toeplitz operators with symbols continuous on the associated hypertorus $${\mathbb {T}}^n$$

T

n

.