bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value Chains and Environmental Impact Assessments: Lessons from Two French Legal Cases on Bioenergy Facilities
Authors: Lasselin Clément , Barot Sébastien , Barberousse Anouk
Published: October 2024

The scope of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) has traditionally been limited to on-site effects. This approach faces limitations when dealing with intricate value chains. Particularly for projects involving biomass-to-energy facilities, the primary environmental impacts often originate from off-site biomass production. This article considers the resulting limitations of EIAs by using two legal disputes in France as illustrative examples. In the Gardanne and the La Mède cases, French Administrative Courts sought to establish the necessity for project proponents to incorporate supply-related impacts into the EIA process. Strategies aimed at broadening the scope of EIAs, either by expanding the assessed project boundaries or by invoking the concept of cumulative impacts, were not deemed the most relevant approaches. Instead, the concept of ‘indirect impact’ emerged as a valuable tool for incorporating supply-related impacts. However, to prevent the indirect impact concept from being disregarded as too ambiguous or ineffective, it should be complemented by precise criteria to determine whether an impact may be considered indirect. We study these avenues within the broader evolving landscape of EIA laws, and by exploring ways to harmonize EIAs with other regulatory instruments governing value chains.
Snap bean tolerance to preemergence applications of dimethenamid-P, flumioxazin, lactofen, metribuzin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone
Authors: Khan Muhammad J. , Hausman Nicholas E. , Saballos Ana , Landau Christopher A. , Williams Martin M.
Published: October 2024

Amaranthus species are problematic weeds in snap bean production systems. They reduce crop yields, and their stem fragments contaminate harvested pods. Knowledge of snap bean tolerance to different preemergence herbicides is limited; however, knowing this tolerance is essential for planning a reliable weed management system, breeding herbicide-tolerant cultivars, and registering herbicides for use on minor crops such as snap bean. Field trials were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to determine the tolerance of eight snap bean cultivars to preemergence herbicides with activity on Amaranthus species, including dimethenamid-P, flumioxazin, lactofen, metribuzin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone. Snap bean plant density (number of plants per square meter), plant biomass (grams per plant), and canopy biomass (grams per square meter) 21 d after treatment were used to assess crop tolerance to a range of herbicide rates. Linear mixed-effects regression models were fitted to quantify the relationships between preemergence herbicide rate and snap bean cultivar tolerance. Results indicated a high margin of crop safety with dimethenamid-P and lactofen for weed control in snap bean, and a low margin of crop safety with metribuzin and saflufenacil. Results indicated differential cultivar tolerance to flumioxazin and sulfentrazone, which could be driven by genetic variability among cultivars.
Surface polarization profile of ferroelectric thin films probed by X-ray standing waves and photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Hoang Le Phuong , Spasojevic Irena , Lee Tien-Lin , Pesquera David , Rossnagel Kai , Zegenhagen Jörg , Catalan Gustau , Vartanyants Ivan A. , Scherz Andreas , Mercurio Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Understanding the mechanisms underlying a stable polarization at the surface of ferroelectric thin films is of particular importance both from a fundamental point of view and to achieve control of the surface polarization itself. In this study, we demonstrate that the X-ray standing wave technique allows the surface polarization profile of a ferroelectric thin film, as opposed to the average film polarity, to be probed directly. The X-ray standing wave technique provides the average Ti and Ba atomic positions, along the out-of-plane direction, near the surface of three differently strained $$\mathrm {BaTiO_3}$$ thin films. This technique gives direct access to the local ferroelectric polarization at and below the surface. By employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a detailed overview of the oxygen-containing species adsorbed on the surface is obtained. The different amplitude and orientation of the local ferroelectric polarizations are associated with surface charges attributed to different type, amount and spatial distribution of the oxygen-containing adsorbates.
Kinetics and adsorption isotherms studies for the effective removal of Evans blue dye from an aqueous solution utilizing forsterite nanoparticles
Authors: Magdy Ahmed , Mostafa Maysa R. , Moustafa Saied A. , Mohamed Gehad G. , Fouad Omar A.
Published: October 2024

In the present day, water treatment has emerged as a significant global concern, particularly due to the proliferation of pollution sources. The utilization of dyes, such as Evans blue, in several industries is among the most significant contributors to these pollutants. Forsterite nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel technique and calcined at different temperatures to determine the optimum temperature at which pure nanoforsterite was obtained. Then, it was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) , contact angle, and zero-point charge. The adsorption capability of forsterite nanoparticles (Nps) was evaluated by a batch adsorption experimental method to remove Evans blue dye (EBD). Parameters such as agitation speed, dosage of forsterite Nps, pH, and contact time were considered at ambient temperature. At pH = 3, dose of Nps = 1 g/L, and 600 rpm within 10 min, the results indicated a removal rate of around 100%. Furthermore, it was shown that the material may be employed for 3 cycles with a removal rate of 90%. Multiple kinetic and isotherm models, including Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich models, were used to analyze the results and clarify the mechanism of the adsorption phenomena. The findings from the isotherm and kinetic studies indicated that the system conforms to Langmuir and pseudo-second-order, respectively.
Digital health innovation and artificial intelligence in cardiovascular care: a case-based review
Authors: Grant Jelani K. , Javaid Aamir , Carrick Richard T. , Koester Margaret , Kassamali Ali Asghar , Kim Chang H. , Isakadze Nino , Wu Katherine C. , Blaha Michael J. , Whelton Seamus P. , Arbab-Zadeh Armin , Orringer Carl , Blumenthal Roger S. , Martin Seth S. , Marvel Francoise A.
Published: October 2024

This narrative review aims to equip clinicians with an understanding of how digital health innovations and artificial intelligence can be applied to clinical care pathways for cardiovascular prevention. We describe a case that highlights augmentative AI for the incidental detection of coronary artery calcium, a mobile application to improve patient adherence/engagement, large language models to enhance longitudinal patient communication and care, and limitations and strategies for the successful adoption of these technologies.
The Evolution of Superpowers
Authors: Gentle Louise K.
Published: October 2024

Superheroes seem to have quite similar background stories – either they were born with their superpowers (such as the X-Men), or they were involved in some sort of radiation accident (The Hulk, Spider-Man, etc.) which caused them to mutate or evolve rapidly, resulting in the acquisition of superpowers. However, in either case, we might ask what were the circumstances that caused the evolution of these superpowers? Superpowers, along with many other traits, can be viewed as beneficial to the individuals who possess them, even if many superheroes struggle to see the benefit of their powers. So, why and how do new traits such as superpowers evolve? Well, evolutionary theory dictates that if an organism evolves a feature that is environmentally advantageous – in that it increases the chances of reproduction – then this advantage will be passed on to the next generation, but the manner in which that takes place varies.
Supervillainy 101: Choosing Between a Zombie, Vampire or Werewolf Apocalypse
Authors: Verran J. , Crossley M.
Published: October 2024

Supervillains love nothing more than the downfall of humanity, global destruction, and the power to rule the world. But budding supervillains still have to go through the difficult task of deciding exactly how they could achieve these aims. What about apocalyptic disease? Could you use ideas from traditional gothic horror to ensure maximum spread and control? What sort of characteristics would be the most effective? Would you go with a zombie, vampire or werewolf apocalypse? Let's consider all three as possible options, helping the budding supervillain of today gain a head start on the road to destruction.
Is It a Ceramic? Is It Graphene? No It’s Vibranium!
Authors: Whiting Mark J.
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the properties of the fictional metal vibranium, found in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, to ascertain whether it is scientifically plausible. It identifies that vibranium is a very strong, extremely hard, tough metallic material with a density of around 2,700 kg m−3 and is highly efficient at absorbing vibrational energy. It shows that vibranium cannot be an as yet undiscovered element. Similarly, it is argued that it cannot be based on a 2D material such as graphene. It is suggested that vibranium derives some of its strength from reinforcement with a ceramic, probably in the form of a fibre. Additionally, it shows that vibranium is an as yet undiscovered high entropy alloy which exhibits an appropriate combination of strength and toughness. The damping capability of vibranium is likely to arise from a shape memory effect in which mechanical energy is rapidly dissipated by a reversible martensitic phase transformation. Such a complex material lies outside the scope of modern materials science.
The Science of Super Suits
Authors: Kundu Suze
Published: October 2024

Let’s face facts here. The majority of superheroes gained their superpowers through either chance encounters, or the kinds of lab accidents that would result in hours of health and safety paperwork. For me, as a materials scientist and engineer, the real superheroes that I aspire to become one day are those who are most like me – regular people with a lab to hand, and a bunch of money. In my case, that would be hard-earned grant funding. For them, it is usually an inheritance pay-out or the acquirement of a large family company. Either way, superheroes like Batman and Iron Man are hugely inspirational in terms of science and engineering potential. However, the powers that their suits hold are confined to the realms of science fiction and comic book pages … or are they? Time to get my science on and delve into the real-life materials of super suits, whether we can really recreate them to become superheroes ourselves, and settle the Marvel/DC score of who would win in a battle between Batman and Iron Man. They have already battled Superman and the delightful Captain America, of course.
The Wonder-ous Truth: The Workings of Wonder Woman’s Lasso
Authors: Heathcote-Márcz Felicity
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the iconic weapon of DC Comic’s iconic super heroine: Wonder Woman’s ‘Lasso of Truth’. An unbreakable golden rope of infinite length, this magic rope will make anyone it captures submit and reveal their true motivations and answer faithfully the questions of the Lasso’s master (usually Wonder Woman herself). The Lasso is an important plot device to many Wonder Woman comics from the ‘golden age’ (c. 1938–1947), all the way to modern renderings of the Wonder Woman character. The Lasso of Truth is not only representative of the uncertain and conflicting histories that surround Wonder Woman’s mythology and history, but it also reveals much about the nature of dominance and submission (by playing into the bondage allegories that so fascinated Wonder Woman’s original creator), and the lasso also helps us explore what truth really is and how we can define it both socially and ‘scientifically’. This chapter will propose a playful answer to the question ‘How might the Lasso of Truth work?’ and in what situations might this ‘unbreakable’ device fail or become broken?
Observing the crack tip behavior at the nanoscale during fracture of ceramics
Authors: Gavalda-Diaz Oriol , Emmanuel Max , Berenov Andrey , Marquardt Katharina , Saiz Eduardo , Giuliani Finn
Published: October 2024

Ultimately, brittle fracture involves breaking atomic bonds. However, we still lack a clear picture of what happens in the highly deformed region around a moving crack tip. Consequently, we still cannot link nanoscale phenomena with the macroscopic toughness of materials. The unsolved challenge is to observe the movement of the crack front at the nanoscale while extracting quantitative information. Here, we address this challenge by monitoring stable crack growth inside a transmission electron microscope. Our analysis demonstrates how phase transformation toughening, previously thought to be effective at the microscale and above, promotes crack deflection at the nanolevel and increases the fracture resistance. The work is a first step to help connecting the atomistic and continuous view of fracture in a way that can guide the design of the next generation of strong and tough materials demanded by technologies as diverse as healthcare, energy generation, or transport.
“I have come to the conclusion that you must die”
Authors: Neumaier Theresa
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the linguistic realisation of threats in a corpus of threatening letters discussed in Late
Modern English (lmode) criminal trials at the Old Bailey. After investigating how trial participants ascribe the
action of “threatening” to the utterance in question, I examine which aspects are repeatedly addressed in the letters and which
linguistic patterns are employed to perform the threat. The results show that speakers routinely address the preparatory and
sincerity conditions of commissives to negotiate whether a letter is threatening. Compared to present-day threats,
lmode threats are considerably less speaker-focussed, and more threats explicitly specify threatener,
target, and type of harm to be carried out. Linguistically, lmode threatening letters contain a greater amount
of taboo language and more non-conditional and retaliative threats.
A pilot analysis of a young-learner classroom anecdote
Authors: Miyamoto Yuzuru , Hunter Timothy
Published: October 2024

This research was planned to explore a possible way for teachers to reflect on their personal experiences. It analyses a sample young-learner classroom anecdote as a form of narrative record and explores a way to take a first step in engaging in practitioner research. The teacher in the sample anecdote experienced a sense of pleasant puzzlement when he saw children engaging in a seemingly ideal case of natural/implicit learning in a classroom context. The scene triggered an inquiry into the meaning of a particular classroom event. In the actual analysis, the authors performed a context-specific examination of classroom interactions, focusing on phonological and discoursal aspects of the episode. The process revealed an inner structure of the sample anecdote, underpinned with certain elements of embedded affectivity (i.e., a sense of playfulness).
“Our group was by far the coolest”
Authors: Mendes de Oliveira Milene , Räisänen Tiina , Oittinen Tuire
Published: October 2024

Virtual collaborations via video-conferencing applications may enable international groups to develop ideas and
explore synergies in creative ways. This article presents a case study that unveils how students in a group involved in a virtual
simulation game, in which English as a lingua franca was used, navigate a highly intercultural environment, orient to team
building through cooperative practices, and gradually develop their own team culture. The game was inserted in two online
university courses in tertiary institutions in Germany and Finland. In the game, students performed several tasks that require
collaborative work in the development plan of a fictitious city. The data for the study comprise video-recorded game interactions
and students’ learning journal entries. This article is centered on the multimodal analysis of the interactions taking place
during the kick-off session of the game and showcases successful multimodal strategies that aided the development of an inclusive
and positive atmosphere in the group.
Tan Spot (
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
) of Wheat: A Minireview
Authors: Laribi Marwa , Aboukhaddour Reem , Strelkov Stephen E.
Published: October 2024

Tan spot is a globally distributed disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
. It infects both durum and common wheat, leading to significant yield losses under conditions conducive to disease development. The fungus has a wide host range among grass species and can survive on alternative hosts, crop debris, and infected seeds. Management of tan spot involves several practices, including burning or burying crop debris from previous seasons, rotating crops with non-cereal species, and using non-infected seeds. While several fungicides are available for tan spot control, their use can be costly and raise environmental concerns. Although some common wheat varieties show limited resistance, very few durum wheat genotypes exhibit this trait. Efforts to breed for tan spot resistance have been both scant and largely unsuccessful. The lack of an effective differential set for identifying races of
P. tritici-repentis
from durum wheat, along with insufficient understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, has hindered breeding efforts and delayed the development of resistant varieties. This plant health case offers an overview of
P. tritici-repentis
, including its life cycle and genetic diversity. It also discusses the historical development and opportunities for improving the race classification system, along with the achievements and challenges associated with tan spot management.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K3 of the air-kerma standards of the PTB, Germany, and the BIPM in medium-energy x-rays
Authors: Burns D T , Kessler C , Pojtinger S
Published: October 2024

Main text

A key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the PTB, Germany, and the BIPM in the medium-energy x-ray range. The results show the standards to be in agreement at the limit of the expanded uncertainty of the comparison of 5.8 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
“Effortless Hydration: Exploring Automatic Water Dispensers”
Authors: Vivek R , Lalith Surya B , Kishore A T , Jai Akash S , Saikumar Algam
Published: October 2024

The article discusses important problems with water and sanitation management, with an emphasis on problems that affect both the general people and large businesses. In the first part, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based sophisticated water level sensor system is introduced. This creative solution incorporates intelligent water dispensers and is designed for efficient maintenance of water dispensers in large infrastructures like offices, schools, and huge buildings. Real-time alerts are utilized by these dispensers to inform authorized workers of low water levels, allowing for timely replenishing. Additionally, the system has an automated dispensing mechanism that removes the difficulties associated with manual handling and raises standards of hygiene. Extensive testing of the prototype has proven the effectiveness of the system, which consistently dispenses water when a container is present and stops when it is emptied or removed.
Optimization of biodiesel blend on single cylinder diesel engine using Taguchi method
Authors: Mahender T. , Yelamasetti Balram , Dasore Abhishek
Published: October 2024

Interest in producing biodiesel has increased due to the growing need for sustainable energy sources, especially when using renewable feedstock like palm oil. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is one benefit of biodiesel over conventional diesel fuel derived from petroleum. The goal of this study is to employ the Taguchi method to optimize the performance characteristics of diesel blends including palm oil. The best blend ratio of diesel fuel and palm oil is found by using Taguchi’s robust design technique, which takes into account a number of factors including blend ratio, inlet pressure, and load. To systematically explore the impact of these parameters on important performance indicators, such as engine efficiency, experimental design matrices based on the Taguchi orthogonal array are built. Statistical tools are utilized in the study to discover important components which aids in the creation of an optimal performance parameters. The results show that the best performance characteristics are obtained when a mix ratio of 20% palm oil to diesel is used, together with a load of 7.5 kg and an inlet pressure of 25 mm of Hg. Furthermore, the anticipated heat efficiency attained with these ideal settings is in close agreement with experimental findings, with a minimal difference of 1.6%.
Evaluation of mechanical properties and energy absorption of polyurethane foam core sandwich panels with kevlar/basalt-epoxy laminates as face sheets
Authors: Keerthana S , Kohila P , Pavithra A.S , Sagar K.S , Jensin Joshua J , Arunkumar K , Seralathan S
Published: October 2024

Sandwich panels are extensively used in aeronautical field due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and better energy absorption. In this study, the sandwich panels are fabricated with Kevlar (K) and basalt (B) fibres as face sheets as it has high strength, and thermal stability with polyurethane (PU) foam as core material and investigations are performed to evaluate the energy absorption and mechanical properties of the sandwich panels. The plates are fabricated using compression moulding method. Tests such as inter laminar shear strength test, edge wise compression test, flammability test, drop-weight impact test are performed, and the obtained results are compared. Plate 2 (Kevlar/Kevlar/PU Foam/Kevlar/Kevlar) shows a better shear strength as 4.38N/mm2 and better energy absorption capability whereas, Plate 3 (Basalt/Kevlar/PU Foam/Kevlar/Basalt) shows more compressive strength with value of 13.4N/mm2. Plate 1 (Basalt/Basalt/PU Foam/Basalt/Basalt) shows faster propagation speed when it is in contact with fire.
Performance Evaluation of Novel Al-Cu-ZrB2 Nano-Composite Electrodes in EDM Machining and Optimized Material Removal Rate Analysis for D2 Die Steel
Authors: Justin Raj Y. , Bovas Herbert Bejaxhin A. , Rajkumar S. , Anbuchezhiyan G.
Published: October 2024

Enhancing the Metal Removal Rate (MRR) through improved Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) performance is the focus of this research. A unique nanocomposite electrode for die-sinker EDM was created in order to overcome the drawbacks of pure aluminium electrodes. It is made of an aluminium base reinforced with 2.5% copper and 2.5% zirconium dibromide. These powder-metallurgical composite electrodes are less expensive to manufacture and have less wear. Discharge current, spark-on time, pulse-off time, workpiece material, tool material, and inter-electrode distance are the EDM process factors that affect machining performance. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) experimental approach and Analysis of Variation were used to analyse and optimise the machining process. D2 die steel was the workpiece used for EDM machining in this investigation. The maximum Metal Removal Rate attained was 0.0099 mm3/min when the following ideal parameters were met: a current of 12 amps, a pulse ON time of 70μs, and a pulse OFF duration of 90μs. In order to get optimal performance, 3.9 m/s2 of acceleration were used. The significance level of the experiment was validated using statistical analysis.
Chickpea shell biowaste-derived hard carbon as anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Boddu Venkateswar Rao , Arukula Ravi
Published: October 2024

The escalating demand for cost-effective and high-performance materials in the context of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has prompted an exploration into the use of hard carbon derived from chickpea shells (CSDHC), produced through pyrolysis at 900 °C, as an anodic material. The synthesized CSDHC underwent comprehensive structural analyses, including Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD) to validate its composition. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) examinations were employed to assess specific surface area, and surface morphology respectively. The CSDHC exhibited a notable specific capacity of 184 mAh/g and notable capacity retention of 98% after 100 cycles at a 0.1 C rate when used as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. Remarkably, lithium-ion random intercalation within the hard carbon layer occurred without establishing a segmented intercalation compound structure. The cost-effective CSDHC thus presents itself as a promising and viable anode material for LIBs.
A Systematic review on Bone grafts and Biomaterials substitutes for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Chaudhari Siddhi , Khade Aatmaja , Girase Vaibhav , Dhatrak Pankaj
Published: October 2024

Bones have the ability to recover small bone defects on its own. However, it has been a huge clinical challenge to fix the complicated bone defects and abnormalities like fractures, delayed unions, non-unions, arthrodesis. In such cases, bone grafting technique is used which replaces missing bone, provides structural support, and improves bone healing. This review focuses on the types of bone grafts, criteria for selecting proper substitute materials for bone grafts and their future. Natural graft includes autograft, allograft, xenograft, and phytogenic materials whereas synthetic graft includes various biomaterials such as polymers, metals, bioactive glass, tricalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite. However, for incorporating synthetic bone grafts, it is important to consider some fundamental factors like physical properties, chemical composition, and biological properties that match complex and multifunctional structure of bone. Even though the literature has defined ideal properties of bone grafts three decades ago, the market still has scarcity of biomaterials that reach all of these properties. Moreover, this field also faces challenges like excessive cost. 3D printing, 4D printing, bioinks, multiphasic scaffolds are certain areas in regenerative medicine where investigation is going on spontaneously to achieve desired results.
Fabrication and Testing Methods for Assessing Mechanical Properties of Luffa Fiber and Marine Shells Reinforced with Epoxy
Authors: Fathima Iram , Kusuma M , Tejashwini PS , Mahendra MA
Published: October 2024

Natural fibers are an integral part of our lives, serving as the building blocks for a wide range of products that surround us daily. Derived from various plant and animal sources, these fibers have played a crucial role in human history, offering versatility, sustainability, and a unique connection to nature. Luffa fiber, also known as loofah or sponge gourd, is a natural plant-based material that has gained popularity for its various practical and sustainable applications Its benefits include biodegradable, versatile, natural exfoliation, absorbent, durable etc. Incorporating luffa fiber into composite materials offers a bridge between sustainability and innovation, potentially leading to lightweight, environmentally friendly, and high performance materials suitable for a range of applications. Epoxy resins were the preferred base polymer in approximately 53% of research studies, making them the most commonly used polymer type for Luffa fiber-reinforced composites. Marine shells, such as oyster shells, clam shells, and other mullusk shells, have gained attention as potential fillers in composite materials due to their unique properties and environmental benefits. These shells, which are abundant as byproducts of the seafood industry, can be repurposed as fillers to enhance the properties of composites. Utilizing marine shells as fillers provides a sustainable solution for repurposing waste materials that would otherwise end up in landfills or discarded. Here we are using the method called hand layup. The hand lay-up process is a widely used technique in the manufacturing of composite materials. It involves manually layering reinforcement materials, such as fibers, fabrics, or mats, within a Mold, which is then infused with resin to create a composite part. This process is commonly employed for producing components with relatively simple shapes and moderate production volumes. Impact testing and hardness testing is done. For Impact test increasing the percentage of fillers, such as marine shell powder, by increments of 10% enhances the energy absorption of the composite laminate relative to the applied load. Consequently, the addition of fillers optimizes the composite’s overall properties. Based on the results of the hardness test, it can be inferred that composite laminates containing fillers exhibit greater hardness when compared to those without fillers. Thus, the inclusion of fillers enhances the overall properties of the composite material.
Review on Tribological and Machining Characteristics of Kevlar Composites
Authors: Rajesh S. , Parswajinan C. , Vijaya Ramnath B. , Gokulakrishnan S. , Harishkannan B. , Saravanan R.
Published: October 2024

In current scenario, to improve the mechanical behavior of the materials, the conventional materials are replaced by composite materials to decrease the overall mass of the material which can be incorporated in various industrial engineering applications. As far as the application is concern, the main factors to be considered are wear, friction and Lubrication of the materials as it is applied to the component during dynamic conditions. Hence, in this review work, Tribological behaviour of Kevlar and natural composite materials are discussed in detail. Due to difficult in machining the composite material, the machining characteristics of Kevlar composites are also elaborated in order to enhance the machining behaviour of the composite material. Scanning electron microscope has been incorporated to determine the internal structural behaviour of the fibers which influence the mechanical characterization. By exploring the tribological behavior, machining characteristics, and internal structural aspects of Kevlar and natural composite materials, the review aims to provide valuable insights for optimizing the utilization of these materials in diverse industrial engineering applications.
A Survey on Photonics and its Applications
Authors: Miriyala Ganesh , Velpula Vijaya Kumar , Yechuri Sivaramakrishna , Sridhar B. , Vinod G. V.
Published: October 2024

Photonics technology is critical in a variety of industries, including manufacturing, medicine, alternative energy, aircraft, and communications. It is concerned with the manipulation and control of light, which manifests as radiant energy known as photons. Band gaps in photonic crystals make it easier to shape and mould light. Various materials, including graphene, can be smoothly combined to increase the flexibility of photonics applications. This technology finds use in a variety of devices, including LEDs, photodetectors, photovoltaic devices, and others. This article will dive into the latest discoveries and applications in the subject of photonics. By providing a complete analysis of the state-of-the-art, it aims to shed light on how photonics technology continues to alter and progress numerous industries, propelling us towards a future lighted by its limitless possibilities.
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Natural Fiber Hybrid Composites for Automobile Applications
Authors: Kadam Tirupathi , Suresh Kumar J , Hiremath Somashekar S.
Published: October 2024

Natural fibers (NF) have gained prominence over synthetic reinforced fibers due to their advantages, such as a high strength-to-weight ratio and renewability, compared to synthetic fiber reinforced composite fibers. Fibers such as sisal, palm, banana, and jute are commonly utilized in NF reinforced matrix composites because of their favorable mechanical properties, low density, biodegradability, and high strength-to-weight ratio. The dynamic mechanical properties of the composite are influenced by the interaction between these different components. The intention of this exploration is to investigate the influence of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) on alkaline-treated sisal, palm, banana, and jute fibers. The mixtures curves of the storage modulus (Energy storing) (E′), loss modulus (dissipation of energy) (E”), and damping factor (absorbs and disperses energy) (Tan ) were obtained utilizing DMA. The variance of E′ showed an improvement from 1.47 for the AT1(20% palm and 20% jute) to 1.66 for the composites containing 20% banana and 20% jute fiber, indicating an improvement in viscoelastic stiffness of the matrix. The increased jute/banana fiber inclusion, the greater the effective stress, and thus the superior E”. Tan decreased significantly as the fiber reinforced portion increased, indicating improved interfacial relations linking fiber and resin. These findings support the application of sisal fiber/epoxy as a good potential polymer reinforced composites for automobile components.
Fabrication of functionalized bio synthetic hydrogels using poly vinyl alcohol and Fucoidan
Authors: Karunakaran Sadhana , Duraisamy Revathi , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Raja T.
Published: October 2024

Background: Animal bodies are mostly made up of hydrogels, which are networks of hydrophilic polymers that have been permeated with water. These hydrogels make up the bulk of the cells and tissues in animals. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels are of particular interest due to their various benefits such as biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and low biodegradability. Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide molecule found in brown algae cell walls. They are nontoxic, non-irritating and bioactive. Rutin trihydrate is an antioxidant flavonoid and nitric oxide scavenger. The current study aimed to fabricate a functional biosynthetic polymer by combining fucoidan, PVA and Rutin trihydrate. This study also involves characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the obtained material. Commercial fucoidan(1g), PVA(0.5g) and Rutin (0.5g) was added to distilled water(50ml). The sample was kept in a magnetic stirrer for at 60°C,430 rpm for 30 min and dried in the hot air oven for 24hrs. The dried sample was studied by SEM and FTIR. Contact angle of the sample was also evaluated. Antimicrobial activity of the fabricated hydrogel was determined by agar diffusion method. The synthesized hydrogel is found to be hydrophilic in nature since the contact angle is 31.1°. The surface area of the synthesized hydrogel is found to be rough, irregular, porous and crystalline. Functional groups and compatibility between the polymers were determined by FTIR. Acceptable antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by the synthesized hydrogel against S.aureus and S.mutans (Zone of inhibition 12 mm and 12mm respectively). From the current study, it is concluded that the (Fucoidan- PVA) - Rutin, hydrogel fabricated is hydrophilic in nature and exhibits acceptable antimicrobial activity. Physical properties show that the hydrogel is suitable for drug delivery, tissue engineering and wound dressing.
Preparation of 2D Graphene/Nano-Titanium Dioxide Modified Sensor for the Determination of Nicotine
Authors: Ranganathan Neha , Magesh Vasanth , Duraisamy Revathi , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Sundramoorthy Ashok K.
Published: October 2024

Nicotine has garnered considerable attention in health science due to its increasing detrimental effects on human health, stemming from its presence as a neuroactive compound in tobacco. The precise identification of nicotine in biological and medical samples is imperative for screening patients afflicted with neurodegenerative diseases resulting from tobacco addiction. This research endeavors to develop a facile electrochemical sensor tailored for nicotine detection. For electrochemical analysis, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with graphene/TiO2 (Gr/TiO2) nanocomposite. Initially, as-synthesized Gr/TiO2 nanocomposite was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), EDS, E-Mapping, and UV-Visible Spectroscopy. Secondly, Gr/TiO2 modified GCE was prepared which displayed high electrocatalytic activity towards nicotine in physiological condition. This new electrochemical sensor showed an excellent response for nicotine detection. The peak currents associated with the oxidation of nicotine exhibited a linear increase relative to the spiked concentrations. Finally, the fabricated sensor provided satisfactory stability, and reproducibility during the analysis of nicotine. Thus, we believe that this composite material can be considered for development of new sensors for nicotine detection in various biological samples.
Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Copper-Diamond Composites Fabricated via Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Robinston Jeyasingh K , Mohammed Mohaideen M , Sriya Bandi , Anusha Kolakani , Nagaraju Veeraboina
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the mechanical properties of Copper/Diamond hybrid composites reinforced with Silicon Carbide, fabricated through the powder metallurgy process. The inclusion of Silicon Carbide as a reinforcement material alongside Diamond was aimed at reducing voids and cavities and enhancing the overall mechanical properties of the composites. Due to their outstanding mechanical properties and high aspect ratio, Diamonds are considered ideal for reinforcing composites. The study involved two different Diamond concentrations (5% and 10%) within the hybrid composites. The mechanical properties, including compressive strength, hardness, and wear resistance, were assessed following the standards set by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The findings revealed that even small amounts of Diamond significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composites, and there were also enhancements observed in composites without Diamond. Fractured samples from compression and hardness tests were analyzed using optical microscopy (OM) to observe the distribution and alignment of Copper and Diamond. The insights gained from this research offer valuable guidance for enhancing the mechanical properties of Copper/Diamond composites through Silicon Carbide reinforcement, making them suitable for use in automotive and electrical applications.
Study on Enhanced Transfer Characteristic in Heat Exchanger Tubes with Low Fins
Authors: Naveenprabhu V , veeramanikandan K , Ragu S , Hariharan S , Sravanthi Grandhamala
Published: October 2024

Low fins are one of the modern method of improving the performance of the heat in the heat transfer components and it is the integral part of the specialized category of tubes that has to be designed for the sophisticated heat transfer industrial equipment’s. these category of tubes are mostly used in the high power consuming and low area required applications like refrigeration, petrochemical process, and power generations where the efficient had heat exchanger in crucial. The abstract underscores the importance of meticulous heat exchanger studies, especially in sensitive applications like ethanol fuel mixtures, considering factors such as heat transfer efficiency, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and cost-effectiveness. Ultimately, it stresses the pivotal role of low fin tubes in optimizing heat exchange processes, enhancing efficiency, and cost-effectiveness through their innovative design and manufacturing techniques.
Design and Analysis of Work Holding Device for Convex Milling
Authors: Krishnaraj J. , Venkata Phani Babu V. , Ganesh C. S N S , Aditya M. , Sai Srimanth P.
Published: October 2024

The machining of convex surfaces is a common requirement in many industries, including aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing. However, the process can be challenging due to the need for precise work holding and tool positioning. Inaccurate work holding can result in poor surface finish and dimensional inaccuracies, leading to increased production costs and reduced product quality. This work aims to develop a work-holding device for milling convex surfaces. The aim of this work is to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the machining process by providing a stable and adjustable work-holding solution. This device allows the machining of a maximum radius of 180mm. The designed work-holding device allows the stationary positioning of the tool while the workpiece is moved to machine the desired convex shape. This approach enables better control over the machining process, results in better machining and shape accuracy. The proposed device provides exceptional rigidity and ensures accurate milling of convex surfaces.
Numerical investigations of the buckling behaviour of an integrated stiffened panel
Authors: Elumalai E. S. , Asokan R. , Thejus C. M. , Uday Ranjan Goud N. , Sivamani Seralathan
Published: October 2024

Stiffened panels are used to reduce the displacement by loading. This study deals with the numerical simulation of stiffened panels in which the stiffeners are integrated to the panel. The panel is subjected to compressive load along the stiffener axis. This induces buckling stress in the structure. In this study, a Tee shaped stiffener is used for analysis. The focus of the study is to investigate the deformation as well as structural integrity of an integrated stiffened panel by performing buckling analysis and all the comparisons are made with conventional stiffened panel using ANSYS software. The simulation reveals that the integrated stiffened panel gives an improved performance than the conventional design. The integrated stiffened panel shows around 1.2% higher strain rate, stress capacity higher by nearly 4.864% and around 20.25% deformation resistance variation compared to the conventional panel. Therefore, the integrated stiffened panel is found to be an acceptable alternative to the conventional stiffened panel design.
Multi-objective parametric modelling during minimum quantity lubrication machining of Incoloy 800H
Authors: Reddy Paturi Uma Maheshwera , Nandan Konidhala , Vamshi Nudurupati Achintya , Sahasra Bhojane Omkar Sunil , Reddy Goturi Sheshank , Reddy N.S.
Published: October 2024

This study utilizes multi-objective optimization to minimize surface roughness and maximize material removal rate (MRR) during minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) turning of Incoloy 800H under different cutting conditions. The correlations among process conditions are examined using response surface methodology (RSM) and the desirability function. The obtained optimal values for the cutting parameters are as follows: 125 m/min cutting speed, 0.1 mm/rev feed rate, and 0.05 mm depth of cut. The predicted surface roughness and MRR were 0.585 µm and 4377.932 mm3/min, respectively. A correlation coefficient of 0.9006 for surface roughness and 0.9979 for MRR indicates a significant degree of agreement between experimental data and model predictions. The results show that the application of RSM can help in identifying optimal cutting conditions and minimize the need for extensive experimental trials in machining.
Design and Structural Analysis of an Aircraft Landing Gear strut under Static Loading Condition
Authors: Nagaraj Goud B. , Soniya Sai S , Bhavan K S , Bhavana B , Murali Krishna L
Published: October 2024

Aircraft Landing gear strut is major structural components which takes various types of loads. Main landing gear bears with impact load while the nose landing gear bears side, break and impact loads. In aerospace industry, weight reduction is an important aspect and use of composite plays a major role by providing better strength to weight ratio. In this work, weight of landing gear strut. A light weight aircraft is selected for the analysis. The design of landing gear strut is carried out as per the CS-23 Certification specification. Computational analysis is carried out on the existing design with appropriate loading and boundary conditions to arrive at optimized landing gear strut cross section. Fatigue life for the composite landing gear strut is also estimated using SN curve approach. With the optimization of existing titanium alloy landing gear strut, mass of the strut is reduced by only 4.5%. Stresses and deflections under all loading conditions are within the acceptable limit. The static structural analysis was carried out to compare with different materials and as per dimensions of the strut. Maximum Stresses of strut performances for aircraft landing gear is very significant role for determination of safety and stability of structural assemblies The design of Boeing 747 nose landing gear structure and using FEA package of ANSYS workbench is carried the static structural analysis is done and determined the deformation and stresses for various material with comparison of selected material such as Titanium alloy, Aluminum alloy and Steel alloy and studied their material characteristic to design a landing gear structure to improve the strength and stiffness.
Optimization of Process Parameters In Wire-Edm for Stainless steel -304 By Using Grey-Relational Analysis
Authors: Deepthi N , Keerthi N , Nagamani K , Saleemuddin S.MD , Dilip Kumar M.
Published: October 2024

A particular type of thermoelectric machining called wire electric release machining (WEDM) can leave behind intricate geometries or varying degrees of hardness “The Wire Electro Discharge Machining (WEDM) technique holds significant importance in the precision cutting of intricate and complex component shapes across all conductive materials.”. Appropriate modeling is necessary to enhance the machining economics and product accuracy of wed med parts. Numerous researchers have already made attempts in this direction. Brass wire is used as the electrode in the current investigation and stainless steel alloy 304 as the work material. Variations are made to parameters including wire feed, servo voltage, pulse on/off duration, and material removal rate (MRR) in order to optimize surface roughness (SR). Various process parameters were used to machine the work material.
Taguchi based approach for multiparameter optimization in Turning Haynes 25
Authors: Tajne Amit , Ramani Hardik , Joshi Yogesh , Gupta T V K
Published: October 2024

This study aims to understand the role of machining parameters in turning Haynes 25 alloy. In this work, experiments as per Taguchi L9 orthogonal array are performed considering cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut as input parameters. Here the objective is to generate the cutting parameters to achieve minimum tool wear and surface roughness. Surface roughness affects the component’s performance and integrity, and tool wear play is a key response to achieve the required finish. The methodical parameters are cutting speeds as 500, 1000, and 1500 rpm; depth of cuts as 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mm; with feed rates as 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mm/rev respectively. The tool wear and surface roughness are statistically investigated using S/N ratio followed by regression analysis. The results indicate that with cutting speed of 500 rpm and feed rate of 1.2 mm/rev with depth of cut as 1.2 mm, the tool wear and surface roughness are minimum, resulting in optimum conditions.