bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Energy and the Free Energy Principle in the Birth of Human Life
Authors: Miyagi Yasunari , Mio Yasuyuki , Yumoto Keitaro , Hirata Rei , Habara Toshihiro , Hayashi Nobuyoshi
Published: January 2024

The retrospective noninterventional study investigated the kinetic energy of video images of 18 fertilized eggs (7 were normal and 11 were abnormal) recorded by a time-lapse device leading up to the beginning of the first cleavage. The norm values of cytoplasmic particles were measured by the optical flow method. Three phases profile for normal cases were found regarding the kinetic energy that were 2.199×10−24±2.076×10−24, 2.369×10−24±1.255×10−24, and 1.078×10−24±4.720×10−25 (J) for the phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In phase 2, the energies were 2.369 × 10−24 ± 1.255 × 10−24 and 4.694 × 10−24 ± 2.996 × 10−24 (J) (mean ± SD, P = 0.0372), and the time required was 8.114 ± 2.937 and 6.018 ± 5.685 (H) (P = 0.0413) for the normal and abnormal cases, respectively. The kinetic energy change was considered a condition for applying the free energy principle that states that, for any self-organized system to be in equilibrium in its environment, it must minimize its informational free energy. The kinetic energy while interpreting it in terms of the free energy principle suggesting clinical usefulness would further our understanding of the phenomenon of fertilized egg development with respect to the birth of human life.
Friction Evolution of Graphite Bearing Impregnated with Polymer Submitted to Vibration Fretting at High Temperature
Authors: Zaidi Hamid , Tournis Stéphane , Deville Leila , Richard Caroline , Aissa Mohamed , Bouguerra Kaouthar
Published: January 2024

To address friction and wear challenges in dry contacts, manufacturers often employ self-lubricating materials. Graphite and its derivatives stand out as particularly suitable due to their exceptional tribological properties. However, under intense friction conditions, graphite can experience a decline in lubricating efficiency due to severe abrasive wear. This abrasive damage results in elevated activated carbon surfaces with increased surface energy, fostering greater adhesion between sliding surfaces. The low friction coefficient of graphite is not an inherent property but rather a consequence of water vapor adsorption by the material. Beyond 150°C, desorption of the vapor occurs, leading to a transition in the friction coefficient from µ=0.1 to µ=0.6. To address this issue, impregnation solutions for self-lubricating materials have been developed, with various compositions tailored to specific objectives. Common types include molybdenum disulfide, soft metals, or polymers. In this predominantly experimental study, the impact of polymer impregnation on the evolution of friction force and wear rate in graphite material bearings subjected to a dry fretting contact under severe thermal stresses at 270°C was investigated. Additionally, the mechanical stresses in the bearings throughout different phases of our tests were analyzed using a numerical model.
Human Adenovirus 36 (HAdV-D36) Changes the Embryonated Chicken Eggs (ECEs) Development
Authors: Pogorzelska Aleksandra , Kuropka Piotr , Stygar Dominika , Michalczyk Katarzyna , Chełmecka Elżbieta , Zalejska –Fiolka Jolanta , Kublicka Agata , Janicka Paulina , Bażanów Barbara
Published: January 2024

Human adenovirus 36 (HAdV-D36) is the only currently known infectious agent capable of promoting obesity in humans and animals, but the effects on the embryonated chicken egg (ECE) have not been described yet. In our study, we used ECEs as a model of a dynamically developing organism. The allantoic cavity and the yolk sack of ECEs was inoculated with HAdV-D36 to simulate the different routes of infection. Each day, a part of the embryos was weighed and histologically examined and compared to the controls to analyze pathological changes induced by the virus. Our study confirmed a significant increase in the ECEs body weight; however, this process was not caused by adipose tissue development, but increased cell proliferation of all tissues. We suggest that HAdV-D36 must affect the developing organisms via another mechanism inducing enhanced the ECEs growth.
Impact of SARS-CoV2 Pandemic and Lockdown on the RSV Circulation: Experience of Three Spoke Hospitals in Northern Italy
Authors: Parola Francesca , Brach del Prever Adalberto , Deut Virginia , Costagliola Giulia , Guidi Carla , Ragusa Neftj , Tuscano Antonella , Timeus Fabio Stefano , Berger Massimo
Published: January 2024

The SARS-CoV2 Pandemic affected the global epidemiology of respiratory infections, including Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), thanks to state governments’ implementation of mitigation strategies, like the promotion of face masks and lockdowns. However, after the Pandemic, the dramatic resurge of these diseases was reported worldwide. Our retrospective study, involving three Spoke Pediatric Departments, includes all the infants under one year of age hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis in a period before the Pandemic period (2017-2020), during the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic (2020-2021) and after the Pandemic (2021-2023). The primary aim was to analyse the temporal trend of RSV in the three periods. Then, clinical and epidemiological characteristics were analysed to highlight clinical differences in the patients affected, in the severity of the in-fections and in the short-term outcomes. Ultimately, we analysed the RSV prevalence in the global bronchiolitis hospitalization in the same over reported periods. Overall, we included 237 patients. Before the Pandemic, the peak was recorded in January and February while after the Pandemic, the peak was in November and December. A higher prevalence of RSV was demon-strated after the Pandemic compared to the period before the Pandemic; no difference in severity was reported overall. In conclusion, an increase in RSV cases after the Pandemic has been demonstrated with an anticipated peak, while no differences were recorded in severity.
Observational Study in Real Clinical Practice of the Treatment of Non-Infectious Uveitis
Authors: Esteban-Ortega Mar , Steiner Martina , Andreu-Vázquez Cristina , Thuissard-Vasallo Israel , Diaz-Rato Alvaro , Muñoz-Fernandez Santiago
Published: January 2024

To describe the characteristics of patients with uveitis associated with an immunologic or idio-pathic disease that requires immunosuppressive treatment and the response to such treatments in real clinical practice. Observational, descriptive, longitudinal, and retrospective study of a cohort of patients diagnosed with idiopathic uveitis or autoimmune disease-related uveitis. To assess the response to treatment we have evaluated the change in visual acuity and vitritis and the presence of macular edema. We included 356 patients. Twelve percent required treatment with systemic corticosteroids and 66 patients (18.5%) immunosuppressive/biological treatment, with metho-trexate being the most used (55%). Immunosuppressive drugs were used in 59 cases the least re-sponsive being mycophenolate mofetil. Ten patients of the 66 (15%) started treatment with bio-logics. Thirty-five patients (53%) needed to switch drugs due to a lack of response to the first one. There were no differences between different drugs in the resolution of vitritis and improvement of vision. The disappearance of macular edema was achieved in all patients treated with tocilizumab. The use of systemic corticosteroids and Immunosuppressive/biologics was necessary for a high number of patients with non-infectious uveitis. In our series tocilizumab was significantly more effective in the resolution of macular edema.
The Influence of Lobbies: Analyzing Group Consensus from a Physics Approach
Authors: Merlone Ugo , Dal Forno Arianna
Published: January 2024

In this paper we study the influence of a small group of agents (i.e., a lobby) who is trying to spread a rumor in a population using the well known model suggested by Galam. In particular, lobbies are modeled as subgroups of people who strategically choose their seating in the social space in order to protect their opinion and influence the others. We consider different social gatherings and simulate the opinion dynamics comparing situations in which a lobby is present to those without lobby. Our results show how the lobby can influence the opinion dynamics in terms of the prevailing opinion and the mean time to reach unanimity. The approach we follow overcomes some of the issues that behavioral economics and psychology have recently encountered in terms of replicability. This approach relates to the methodological revolution which is slowly changing the perspective in psychology.
Mediating Effect of Self-Control on the Relationship between Obesity Stress and Weight Control Behavior among Overweight and Obese Female College Students
Authors: Park Young-Hee , Jeong Yeo Won , Park Hyun kyeong , Park Seul-Gi , Kim Ha-Yeon
Published: January 2024

Background: This study aimed to examine the obesity¬ stress, weight control behavior, and self-control in overweight and obese female university students, and identify the mediating effect of self-control in the relationship between obesity stress and weight control behavior.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlational design. A total of 109 female university students who were overweight and obese participated in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and Bootstrapping using Hayes' PROCESS macro for mediation.

Results: Significant relationships between obesity stress and weight control behavior (r=0.25, p<0.001), obesity stress and self-control (r=-0.36, p<0.001), and weight control behavior and self-control (r=.26, p<.001) were observed. Self-control showed indirect mediating effect on the relationship between obesity stress and weight control behavior.

Conclusion: Therefore, development of programs and strategies for improving self-control is necessary in order to decrease obesity among female university students.
Identification and Characterization of Nigrospora spp. and a Novel Species Nigrospora Wuhuensis Causing Black Leaf Spot on Rice and Wild-Rice in the Anhui Province of China
Authors: Liu Yang , An Jiahao , Safdar Asma , Shen Yang , Sun Yang , Shu Wenhui , Tan Xiaojuan , Zhu Bo , Xiao Jiaxin , Schirawski Jan , Zhu Guoping , He Feng
Published: January 2024

Rice production in the Anhui province is threatened by fungal diseases. We obtained twenty-five fungal isolates from rice and wild-rice leaves showing leaf spot disease collected along the Yangtze River. A phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1-α), and beta tubulin (TUB2) sequences revealed that one isolate (SS-2-JB-1B) grouped with Nigrospora shaerica, one (QY) with Nigrospora chinensis, twenty-two with Ngrospora oryzae, and one strain (QY-2) grouped in its own clade, related to but clearly different from N. oryzae. Nineteen tested isolates including sixteen strains from the N. oryzae clade and the three isolates of the other three clades, caused disease on detached rice leaves. The three isolates that did not belong to N. oryzae were also able to cause disease on rice seedlings, suggesting that they were rice pathogens. Isolate QY-2 differed from the other isolates in terms of colony mor-phology, cell-size, and susceptibility to fungicides, indicating that this isolate represents a new species that we named Nigrospora anhuiensis. Our analysis showed that N. sphaerica, N. chinensis, and the new species N. anhuiensis can cause rice leaf spot disease in the field. This research pro-vides new knowledge for understanding rice leaf spot disease.
Identification of PTPN12 Phosphatase as a Novel Negative Regulator of Hippo Pathway Effectors YAP/TAZ in Breast Cancer
Authors: Sarmasti Emami Sahar , Ge Anni , Zhang Derek , Hao Yawei , Ling Min , Wang Wenqi , Yang Xiaolong
Published: January 2024

The Hippo pathway plays crucial roles in governing various biological processes during tumorigenesis and metastasis. Within this pathway, upstream signaling stimuli activate a core kinase cascade, involving MST1/2 and LATS1/2, which subsequently phosphorylates and inhibits the transcriptional co-activators YAP and its paralog TAZ. This inhibition modulates the transcriptional regulation of downstream target genes, impacting cell proliferation, migration, and death. Despite the acknowledged significance of protein kinases in the Hippo pathway, the regulatory influence of protein phosphatases remains largely unexplored.

In this study, we conducted the first gain-of-functional screen for protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulating the Hippo pathway. Utilizing a LATS kinase biosensor (LATS-BS), a YAP/TAZ activity reporter (STBS-Luc), and a comprehensive PTP library, we identified numerous novel PTPs that play regulatory roles in the Hippo pathway. Subsequent experiments validated PTPN12, a master regulator of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), as a previously unrecognized negative regulator of the Hippo pathway effectors, oncogenic YAP/TAZ, influencing breast cancer cell proliferation and migration.

In summary, our findings offer valuable insights into the roles of PTPs in the Hippo signaling pathway, significantly contributing to our understanding of breast cancer bi-ology and potential therapeutic strategies.
Micro-Osteoperforations Accelerate Orthodontic Tooth Movement without Exacerbating the Progression of Root Resorption
Authors: Sugimori Tadasu , Yamaguchi Masaru , Kikuta Jun , Shimizu Mami , Negishi Shinichi
Published: January 2024

A recent study reported that micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) accelerated tooth movement by activating alveolar bone remodeling. However, very little is known about the relationship between MOPs and external apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. In this study, in order to investigate the mechanism which MOPs accelerate tooth movement without exacerbating the progression of root resorption, we measured the volume of resorbed root, and performed the immunostaining for the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end-labelling method (TUNEL) exposed MOPs during rat experimental tooth movement.
Male Wistar rats (11 week old) were divided into 3 groups: 10-g orthodontic force (optimal force) applied to the maxillary first molar (optimal force: OF group), 50-g orthodontic force application (heavy force: HF group) and 10-g force application plus 3 small perforations of the cortical plate (OF+MOPs group). On days 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 after force application, the tooth movement and root volume were investigated by micro-computed tomography. Furthermore, the expression levels of apoptotic cells in pressure sides of periodontal ligament (PDL) and surround hard tissues were determined by TUNEL staining.
The OF+MOP group exhibited a 1.8-fold increase in tooth movement on days 7, 10 and 14 compared with the OF group. On days 14, the HF group had a higher volume of root loss than the OF and OF+MOP groups. On the same day, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the HF group increased at the root (cementum) site whereas that in the OF group increased at the alveolar bone site. Furthermore, that in the OF + MOP group increased at the alveolar bone site compared with the OF group.
These results suggest that MOPs accelerate orthodontic tooth movement without exacerbating the progression of root resorption.
Designing Gold Nanoparticles for Precise Glioma Treatment: Challenges and Alternatives
Authors: Lansangan Cedric Kier , Khoobchandani Menka , Jain Ruchit , Rudensky Serge , Perry Christopher C , Patil Rameshwar
Published: January 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a glioma and the most aggressive type of brain tumor with a dismal average survival time, despite the standard of care. One promising alternative therapy is boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), which is a noninvasive therapy for treating locally invasive malignant tumors, including glioma. BNCT involves boron-10-released radiation directly into tumor cells with minimal damage to healthy tissues. This therapy lacks clinically approved targeted blood-brain-barrier-permeating delivery vehicles for therapeutic drug/ boron-10. Nanoparticles, particularly gold nanoparticles (GNPs), are selective and effective drug-delivery vehicles because of their desirable properties, facile synthesis, and biocompatibility. This review discusses historical and current GNP therapeutic applications as a drug delivery vehicle for treating glioma. Furthermore, GNPs loaded with therapeutic drugs, imaging agents, and GBM-targeting antibodies/ peptides to treat GBM will be discussed. Additionally, the importance of upper and lower limits on therapeutic efficacy will be described and explored followed by highlighting their advantages, limitations, and possible toxicity. Recent research and selected important findings for GNP-mediated pharmaceutics in GBM will also be considered.
Type II JAK2 Inhibitor CHZ‐868 and HSP90 Inhibitors Are Potent towards the Ruxolitinib Resistant JAK2 Variants in JAK2 Driven Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Gorantla Sivahari Prasad , Prince Gerin , Osius Jasmin , Dinesh Dhurvas , Boddu Vijay Kumar , Duyster Justus , Von Bubnoff Nikolas
Published: January 2024

Ruxolitinib has been approved by FDA for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms such as polycythemia vera and idiopathic myelofibrosis. Although ruxolitinib has been in the clinic for more than ten years, surprisingly, no JAK2 drug resistant mutations have been identified in patients. At the moment, it is not clear whether the absence of JAK2 mutations in MPN patients is due to a lack of JAK2 addiction or residues that mediate the drug resistance compromising the JAK2 function. To find out this, we established a Ba/F3 cell-based screening strategy to predict mutations in JAK2-V617F that cause resistance towards ruxolitinib. In this study, we have recovered seven residues in the kinase domain of JAK2 that affect ruxolitinib sensitivity. All these mutations confer cross-resistance across the panel of JAK2 kinase inhibitors except JAK2-L983F. JAK2-L983F reduces the sensitivity towards ruxolitinib. However, it is sensitive towards fedratinib indicating that our screen identifies the drug-specific resistance profiles. All the ruxolitinib resistant JAK2 variants displayed sensitivity towards Type II JAK2 inhibitor CHZ-868. Finally, our study also shows that HSP90 inhibitors are potent against ruxolitinib resistant variants through the JAK2 degradation and provides the rationale for clinical evaluation of potent HSP90 inhibitors in genetic resistance driven by JAK2 inhibitors.
Formation of Multiscale Porous Surfaces via Evaporation-Induced Aggregation of Imprinted Nanowires with Highly Viscous Photocurable Materials
Authors: Kim Myung Seo , Shin Seungwoo , Kim Woo Young , Lee Sang Hoon , Park Seo Rim , Kim Seok , Cho Young Tae
Published: January 2024

Numerous structures at the nano- and microscale manifest distinctive properties with far-reaching implications across diverse fields, including electronics, electricity, medicine, and surface engi-neering. Established methods such as nanoimprint lithography, photolithography, and self-assembly play crucial roles in the fabrication of nano- and microstructures; however, they exhibit limitations in generating high-aspect-ratio structures when utilizing high-viscosity pho-tocurable resins. In response to this inherent challenge, we propose a highly cost-effective ap-proach facilitating the direct replication of high-aspect-ratio structures, specifically nanowires, through the utilization of anodized aluminum substrates. This study elucidates the streamlined fabrication process for multiscale porous surfaces achieved through the evaporation-induced in-tegration of solid nanowires printed with high-viscosity photocurable resin.
Effects of Ageing Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Near-β Ti Alloy
Authors: Zhang Song , Lin Y.C. , Wang Li-Hua , Ding Hong-Bo , Qiu Yu-Liang
Published: January 2024

In the present work, the effects of ageing treatment on the microstructures of a near-β Ti alloy (TC18) are studied. The influence of ageing treatment on the tensile properties and failure mechanisms are systematically analyzed. It is found that the size and morphology of the primary α (αp) phases are insensitive to ageing temperature and time. Furthermore, the ageing temperature and time dramatically influence the precipitation of the secondary α (αs) phases. Massive αs phases precipitate and gradually coarsen, and finally weave together with increasing the ageing temperature or extending the ageing time. The thickness of αs phases is responsible for the material strengths, while the content of α phases can enhance the material ductility. The ductile characteristics of the alloy with coarser αs phases are more obvious than those with thinner αs phases. Therefore, the ageing treatment is helpful for the precipitation and homogeneous distribution of αs phases, which is essential for balancing the strengths and ductility of the studied Ti alloy.
Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension are Associated with Bell's Palsy
Authors: Romadhoni  , Herianti Silva Optalmi , Yekti Murwani , Khamsiyati Siti Istiqomah
Published: January 2024

Background: Bell's palsy occurs in approximately 40-70% of all cases of acute peripheral facial nerve paralysis, and its cause is unknown. Bell's palsy has several risk factors, including diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
Objective: This study aims to identify the association between diabetes mellitus and hypertension with the occurrence of Bell's palsy.
Methods: This research was conducted at RSUD Tugurejo Semarang in March 2022 using a retrospective study design and purposive sampling technique. Data collected included the history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and the occurrence of Bell's palsy. Medical records were used as research instruments. Hypothesis testing was performed using the Fischer exact test.
Results: A total of 32 samples were included in this study. There were 11 patients (34.4%) with a history of diabetes mellitus, 21 patients (65.6%) with a history of hypertension, 11 patients experienced acute Bell's palsy (34.4%), and 21 patients had subacute Bell's palsy (65.6%). The statistical analysis showed a significant association between diabetes mellitus (p=0.017) and hypertension (p=0.033) with the occurrence of Bell's palsy.
Conclusion: This study reveals a significant correlation between diabetes mellitus and hypertension and the occurrence of Bell's palsy. Several studies also suggest that hypertension is linked to a poorer prognosis in patients with comorbidities and facial paralysis in Bell's palsy. However, there are also studies stating that age and gender are associated with the occurrence of Bell's palsy independently of diabetes and hypertension.
Measurement and Control of Body Pressure Towards Smart Bed System
Authors: Ito Jun , Usuki Shin
Published: January 2024

This research paper introduces a novel methodology for optimizing pressure dispersion in interactive bed systems, aiming to enhance sleep comfort while considering variegated body shapes and sleeping positions. By controlling the spring constant with precision, which is further optimized by a secondary differential filter, the proposed methodology assures ideal pressure distribution across the bed surface. At the heart of the proposed methodology lies the design of an interactive bed system that effectively responds to the unconscious postural shifts of the user during sleep. The implementation of a secondary differential filter in modulating the spring constant is an integral part of this approach, facilitating the crafting of a responsive bedding surface that promptly adapts to pressure alterations. The effectiveness of this novel method is verified through finite element method (FEM) analysis, which confirms successful pressure dispersion across the bed surface, an essential factor in enhancing sleep comfort. The research also proposes potential enhancements to this methodology, such as incorporating air-pressure control mechanisms, thereby introducing additional pressure control axes akin to those present in existing technologies. This study represents a significant stride forward in the advancement of interactive bed systems by presenting a new method for optimizing pressure dispersion, and hence, enhancing sleep comfort. The employment of FEM analysis not only validates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology but also highlights the potential for the future development of personalized and adaptive bedding solutions.
A Discrete-Event Simulation Study of Multi-Objective Sales and Operation Planning Under Demand Uncertainty: A Case of the Ethiopian Automotive Industry
Authors: Abay Yigedeb , Kaihara Toshiya , Kokuryo Daisuke
Published: January 2024

Sales and operation planning is one of the major categories of supply chain planning that enables the balancing of demand with supply through the integration of internal functions as well as external supply chain members. The major issues are its large scale, dynamic, multi-objective nature and presence of uncertain parameters. Handling uncertainty, extending the level of integration, enhancing collaboration, and contextualization of the models already developed in different industrial situations are the gaps identified in the literature. This research aims to develop a discrete-event simulation model from the literature in the context of the Ethiopian automotive industry and extend the level of collaboration to suppliers and customers. The industry’s sales and operation planning process is surveyed to develop the model as a decision support system that can be utilized for understanding the system behavior, evaluation of manufacturing flexibility, and inventory control policies. The research findings demonstrate that the customer service level and total profit can be significantly improved through the proposed joint primary and negotiated backup supply policy with price revision. Managerial implications that are expected to improve the technical capability of Ethiopian automotive industries are also highlighted.
Influence of chemical coatings on solar panel performance and snow accumulation
Authors: Barker Amanda , Douglas Thomas , Alberts Erik , Fernando P. U. Ashvin Iresh , George Garrett , Maakestad Jon , Moores Lee , Saari Stephanie
Published: January 2024

Solar panel performance can be impacted when panel surfaces are coated with substances like dust, dirt, snow, or ice that scatter and/or absorb light and may reduce efficiency. As a consequence, time and resources are required to clean solar panels during and after extreme weather events or whenever surface coating occurs. Treating solar panels with chemical coatings that shed materials may decrease the operating costs associated with solar panel maintenance and cleaning. This study investigates three commercial coatings for use as self-cleaning glass technologies. Optical and thermal properties (reflectivity, absorption, and transmission) are investigated for each coating as well as their surface wettability and particle size. Incoming solar radiation was continuously monitored and snow events were logged to estimate power production capabilities and surface accumulation for each panel. In terms of power output, the commercial coatings made little impact on overall power production compared to the control (uncoated) panels. This was attributable to the overall high transmission, low absorption, and low reflection of each of the commercial coatings, making their presence on the surface of solar panels have minimal impact besides to potentially shed snow While the coatings made no observable difference to increase power production compared to the control panels, the shedding results from video monitoring suggest both the hydrophilic or hydrophobic test coatings decreased snow accumulation to a greater extent than the control panels (uncoated). Controlling the wettability properties of the solar panel surfaces has the potential to limit snow accumulation when compared to uncoated panel surfaces.
Epidemiologic Studies, Acute Poisoning, Organophosphorous Compounds, House hold Products.
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Dr Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dayananda Sagar University, Kanakapura 562112, Karnataka, India., S.H Jayanth , K.B Geetha ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Dr Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dayananda Sagar University, Kanakapura 562112, Karnataka, India., Vijay Vidusha ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Dr Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dayananda Sagar University, Kanakapura 562112, Karnataka, India., Prakash Manju ,   Professor and Head, Department of Forensic Medicine, Dr Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dayananda Sagar University, Kanakapura 562112, Karnataka, India.
Published: January 2024

With the increasing frequency of mass disasters, the identification of mutilated remains becomes quite challenging. With commingling, identification becomes further difficult. During such investigations, there is a need to estimate the stature to narrow down the identity of the dead. Estimation of stature is more accurate and reliable using long bones than any other part of the body. Despite a need for such a study, there is a lack of systematic studies to identify fragmented and dismembered human remains. aim: The aim of the present study is to analyze the anthropometric relationship between forearm length and body height in both sexes specifically for a population of South India. materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Dr. Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Ramanagara District, Karnataka in the year 2022. The material consisted of 180 young and healthy students (90 males and 90 females) in the age group of 18-24 years after taking informed consent to participate in the study. Subjects of south Indian origin were selected based on their mother tongue. The data obtained were computed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 26.0) computer software. results: In the present study, mean stature and forearm length were significantly higher in males than in females. A statistically significant correlation was observed between stature and forearm length. The correlation coefficient was higher among males than females. Linear regression models derived for the reconstruction of stature in males y = 2.5345 (forearm length) + 101.64 and in females is y = 3.4513 (forearm length) + 73.879. conclusion: The study concludes that stature can be estimated from forearm length with reasonable accuracy among South Indians. Sex-specific linear regression formulae were derived for estimating stature from forearm length.
Histopathological spectrum of Pulmonary Lesions: An Autopsy based study
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan 573201, Karnataka, India., K. P Athira , Kumar Mohit ,   Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan 573201, Karnataka, India., B. E Chaitra ,   Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan 573201, Karnataka, India.
Published: January 2024

Context: Autopsy is a medical practice where post mortem examination of the body is performed to determine the cause of death. Internal organs are studied by gross evaluation and correlated with histopathological findings. Lung pathologies include a wide range of infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and occupational diseases. Determining the cause of death helps in future patient management and also helps to adopt prophylactic measures to prevent pulmonary dysfunction. AIM: This study evaluates the histopathological spectrum of pulmonary lesions in autopsies, which were the direct cause of death or incidental findings. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a retrospective study conducted on lung autopsies, in the department of pathology, for a period of 4 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After gross examination, formalin fixed paraffi n-embedded lung sections were stained, histopathological evaluation was performed, and findings were recorded and tabulated. Statistical analysis based on frequency was done. RESULTS: This study includes a total of 240 cases. The most common age group was between 41 to 50 years, followed by 31 to 40 years. Also, a male predominance of 74.58% was noted in the study. On histopathological evaluation, 7.5% of cases were autolyzed, and 4.16% had normal histomorphology. The most common finding was mild pulmonary congestion, followed by pulmonary edema. These findings can occur secondary to a terminal event. Hence the most common finding that can cause mortality is acute pneumonia. Other common findings were emphysema, diff use alveolar damage, intra-pulmonary hemorrhage, and pulmonary vein thrombosis. CONCLUSION: Infectious pathologies are the main pulmonary lesions that lead to death. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce these preventable causes of mortality.
Estimation of Age of Abrasion by Histopathology Examination: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:   Post graduate student, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh 486001, India., Shrivastava Shikha ,   Post graduate student, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh 486001, India., Shukla Prateesh , Singh Yashwant Kumar ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh 486001, India., Pandey Rajneesh Kumar ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh 486001, India., Garg Shashidhar Prasad ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh 486001, India., Vashisht Jaya ,   Post graduate student, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh 486001, India.
Published: January 2024

Context: In India, abrasions are usually dated by the naked-eye observation of gross changes. Various researches consider the dating of abrasion by naked-eye examination as an uncertain and variable method. This may have signifi cant medical and legal ramifi cations. To improve the Aims: accuracy of the dating of abrasion, histopathology profi ling has been suggested. To estimate the age of abrasion by histopathology examination. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2022. Methods and Materials: Total 102 abrasions from subjects aged 4 to 80 years were correlated with the time frame of the occurrence of diff erent microscopic changes that follow the abrasion. Abrasions ranging from 0.02 hours to >336 hours were studied, and based on the duration of infl iction, abrasions were divided into 10 groups. The representative area of abrasion with adjacent normal skin with an underlying soft tissue of thickness 0.5 cm to 1 cm was dissected and a control sample was taken of intact skin and preserved in 10% formalin solution for fi xation. The specimen was processed, and a histopathology slide was prepared and examined. Routine haematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining done. Van Gieson’s stain was used to confi rm the presence of collagen. Statistical analysis used: Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0 software. P<0.0 was considered signifi cant. Descriptive data were expressed as frequency; for the age group of abrasions (quantitative data), mean and SD were calculated; Pearson’s chi-square test of independence was used to compare the microscopic changes in abrasion with the age of infl iction. Results: A significant relationship was observed between the age of abrasion and histopathology fi ndings (X281=552.92, P<0.001). Conclusions: The reliability and accuracy of dating of abrasion increases if a histopathology examination is performed along with gross examination. To opine the age of injury accurately, the autopsy surgeon should subject the samples to histopathology examination.
Visceral Injuries in Children with Blunt Abdominal Trauma: Pattern, Presentation and Prognosis
Authors:   Associate Professor, Dept of Pediatric Surgery,Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU Campus, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India., Ahmad Khan Rizwan , Wahab Shagufta ,   Associate Professor, Dept of Radio diagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU Campus, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: Blunt abdominal injury following trauma is quite common in childhood. It may be responsible for major mortality and morbidity depending upon the pattern and presentation of the injury. The aim of our research was to study the pattern, presentation and prognosis of visceral injuries in children afflicted with blunt abdominal trauma. Material and Methods: It was a prospective study conducted over a period of two-and-half years during which a total of 28 children with some form of intra abdominal injury following blunt trauma were studied. Detailed demographic and clinical profiles of the patients were noted. The mechanism of injury, type and grade of visceral injuries and their management were studied. Results: There were 24 males and 4 females children (M: F ratio of 6:1) with some form of intra-abdominal injury. The mean age was 6.8 years. The most common form of injury was motor vehicle accident (53.5%). Around 7% of children suffered polytrauma. Ultrasound detected only 57% of the injuries. The liver was the most commonly injured solid visceral organ in children. Non-operative management was successful in all the patients with solid visceral injury. Conclusions: Solid organ injury is much more common than hollow visceral injury with liver being the most commonly injured intra-abdominal organ. Road traffic accident is the most common mechanism of injury. Ultrasound examination in blunt trauma is neither very specific nor sensitive. CT scan gives the accurate details of visceral injury but carries risk of radiation. Nonoperative management is the mainstay of treatment even in high grade solid organ injuries while operative intervention is required for most of the bowel injury.
Ruptured Liver Abscess in Children: A Rare Case Presentation
Authors:   Resident, department of general surgery, smimer hospital, surat-394210, Kumar Kalara Dhaval , Sonavale Jignal Kumar P. ,   Assistant professor, department of general surgery, smimer hospital, surat-394210
Published: January 2024

Liver abscess is a common condition in tropical countries and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, there are two major classifications of hepatic abscess; pyogenic and amoebic. There are various complications associated with hepatic abscesses, of which, rupture of the abscess is the most common. Intraperitoneal rupture of liver abscess is a rare but potentially fatal disease. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult and often necessitates exploratory laparotomy for peritonitis. Improving imaging techniques have aided the CLInicians in the diagnosis of hepatic abscesses and have subsequently become important treatment tools, the demographics of the hepatic abscess have changed. Though open surgery still remains the most commonly used management modality, with the advent of minimally invasive surgery. Thus, multiple management options are available today and a ruptured liver abscess is preventable and manageable. No specific guidelines are available for choosing the modality of treatment. Thus, this article's purpose is to report a case of a patient that presented with acute abdomen at the emergency caused by a rupture liver abscess. A 7-year-old male child presented to the Emergency Department due to severe abdominal pain during the last 7 days. The pain was located in the RHC, associated with constipation and three to four episodes of vomiting. On physical examination, generalized abdominal tenderness was present without any guarding or rigidity, and no abdominal lump was palpable. There were no signs of peritonitis. Blood tests including complete blood count, serum electrolytes, bilirubin, and liver and kidney function tests were performed which were unremarkable and showed no other abnormalities. Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and INR (International Normalized Ratio) were normal. In our case in diagnostic laparoscopy after initial abdomen exploration around 200cc purulent fluid-filled peritoneal cavity was noted and a ruptured liver abscess diagnosis was confirmed so diagnostic laparoscopy converted to exploratory laparotomy. Peritoneal lavage was given with approx 1500cc warm saline. and metronidazole wash is also given. after clearing all toxic fluid and. All abdominal organs were examined and layer-wise closing was done. The total operative time was 120 minutes and our patient’s postoperative period was uneventful. He was discharged on seven postoperative days.
Lysol Induced chemical Burns: An Underreported Rare Problem
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, JIPMER, Pondicherry 605006, India., S. Elan , H.K. Sudhanva ,   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, JIPMER, Pondicherry 605006, India., A. Aggarwal ,   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, JIPMER, Pondicherry 605006, India., R.K. Chittoria ,   Professor & Registrar (Academic), Department of Plastic Surgery, JIPMER, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

Lysol is a commercially available product commonly used for cleaning and disinfectant purposes. Although in lower concentrations they may not causing ill effects on human being. In higher concentrations or in undiluted forms they will produce adverse health effects. Lysol induced skin burns are not commonly described in literature and no specific management protocols have been described. Here we are sharing our experience on Lysol burns and its management.
ExomiRHub: a database to explore human extracellular and intracellular microRNA transcriptomics data
Authors: Liu Yang , Min Zhuochao , Mo Jing , Ju Zhen , Chen Jianliang , Li Hanguang , Liang Weiling , Chan Godfrey Chi-Fung , Wei Yanjie , Zhang Wenliang
Published: January 2024

Extracellular microRNA (miRNA) expression data, generated by different laboratories, exhibit heterogeneity, posing challenges for researchers lacking bioinformatics expertise to explore these valuable data. To expedite the discovery of clinically relevant miRNA biomarkers, a user-friendly database is mandatory. Therefore, we formulated ExomiRHub, a database that incorporates 191 human extracellular miRNA expression datasets associated with 112 disease phenotypes, 62 treatments, and 24 genotypes, including 29,198 samples and 23 sample types. To enhance usability, ExomiRHub integrates 16,012 miRNA transcriptomes of 156 cancer subtypes from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Instead of mere collection, ExomiRHub standardizes and annotates the datasets and samples with rich annotations. In addition, it offers 25 analytical and visualization functions to interpret these datasets for identification of non-invasive miRNA biomarkers. These 25 functions empower users to select samples, define groups, and set parameters for personalized analyses. Moreover, ExomiRHub offers a web service enabling users to conduct analyses on their uploaded data. To further assist users, four additional tools are designed for evaluating the functions and targets of miRNAs and their variations. In a notable application of ExomiRHub, we identified non-invasive miRNA biomarkers associated with angiogenesis for monitoring glioma progression. This exemplifies how ExomiRHub can significantly expedite the discovery of non-invasive miRNA biomarkers. ExomiRHub is available at http://www.biomedical-web.com/exomirhub/.
Utility of fluorescence-guided biopsy in suspected lung cancer patients with bronchial mucosal lesions
Authors: Wang Gaozhe , Jin Yan , Xiong Kunlong , Jin Xiaoyan , Wang Linfeng , Li Chenwei
Published: January 2024

Background: Bronchoscopy is currently the most commontechnique for lung cancer diagnosis. Patients suspected of malignancy often undergo bronchoscopic examination, and biopsy is routinely used in patients with visible bronchial lesions. However, it is difficult to differentially diagnose lung cancer in patients with bronchial mucosal lesions. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the utility of fluorescence-guided biopsy in suspected lung cancer patients with bronchial mucosal lesions.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective studyin a single screening center to assess the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence-guided biopsy compared with white light bronchoscopy (WLB) in patients with bronchial mucosal lesions.
Results: A total of 301 patients with bronchial mucosal lesions were enrolled in this study. The sensitivity for patients with fluorescence-guided biopsy was 60.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.1%-67.1%), which was higher than that of patients with WLB alone (45.2%, 95% CI: 38.2-52.4%) (P= 0.0026). Additionally, compared with the WLB group, the fluorescence -guided biopsy group was found to have a significantly higher specificity (100%, 95% CI: 95.5-100% versus 69.6%, 95% CI: 59.6-78.1%), positive predictive value (100%, 95% CI: 96.1-100% versus 74.3%, 95% CI: 65.5-81.7%) and negative predictive value (56.3%, 95% CI: 48.8-63.6% versus39.4%, 95% CI: 32.3-47.0%).
Conclusion: Fluorescence-guided biopsy can serve as an important adjunct to WLB for the differential diagnosis of lung cancer in patients with bronchial mucosal lesions.
Japanese preschool-aged children’s gratitude as a moral virtue: Is the development of gratitude culture-specific?
Authors: Kato-Shimizu Mayuko , Hinobayashi Toshihiko
Published: January 2024

The function of gratitude as a factor in forming reciprocal relationships has not yet been examined in preschool-aged children. This study examines how cultural differences may influence children’s expression and understanding of gratitude. Two vignettes involving a high- and low-cost situation of expressing gratitude were told to Japanese preschool-aged children, and their responses to the scenarios were recorded. Compared to American children, a certain number of Japanese children associated positive feelings with the benefactor when they helped, would help the benefactor if they were in need, and cited reciprocity as a reason for doing so. The findings confirmed that the sprouting of gratitude as a moral virtue is also observed in preschool children from non-Western countries, and commonalities in moral development across cultures were found. At the same time, depending on the cost incurred by the benefactor on offering help, we found cultural differences in various aspects of gratitude. The findings suggested that gratitude, which encompasses the norm of reciprocity, is triggered in Japanese children in response to the cost to the benefactor.