bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of coastal upwelling on sea surface temperature trends Banda Sea
Authors: Rachman H A , Gaol J L , Syamsudin F , As-syakur A
Published: January 2020

The Banda Sea region is one of the locations in Indonesian waters that have high Coastal Upwelling intensity which related to the monsoon pattern. The calculation of Upwelling Index (UI) based on Wind data show that the peak coastal upwelling is from June to September. Analysis of SST trends was carried out in the July-September period based on NOAA OISST data from 1982-2017. The results show that there are differences in the value of SST trends that occur in the Coastal and Oceanic regions. In general, the SST trend in the Banda Sea waters has a positive value (warming) in both the coastal and ocean areas. While the UI trend in coastal and oceanic regions in the Banda Sea tends to decline from the 1982-2017 period. This condition shows that external factors quite influence oceanographic conditions in Banda Sea waters. It is also thought to have caused a decrease in the intensity of the upwelling trend found in the Banda Sea. The results show that the SST trend in the Banda Sea tends to increase during the peak upwelling season (June-September). Meanwhile, the Upwelling intensity trend shows a decreasing pattern which is also confirmed by decreasing trend in chlorophyll concentration.
Common reflection surface methods in low fold coverage seismic data of complex marine geological structures
Authors: Safitri D , Nainggolan T B , Manik H M
Published: January 2020

The primary objective of seismic data processing is to generate seismic cross-section with an optimum signal to noise ratio to model geological structures imaging as accurately as possible with the actual condition. However, we may look onto complex geological structures with less than adequate number of fold coverage seismic data. In this study, Common Reflection Surface (CRS) method is applied to generate 2D marine seismic cross-sections with better reflector continuity of 3 (three) real data seismic lines. It is based on obtaining the suitable aperture value along the attributes namely RN, RNIP, and a. Its results are compared to conventional Common Mid-Point (CMP) ones. The final products are presented in multiple- attenuated and time-migrated cross-section with Surface Related Multiple Elimination (SRME) and Kirchhoff Migration techniques, respectively. Comparison of final time-migrated both CRS and CMP stacks show the CRS method is more effective and reliable to model accurate complex marine geological structures with high signal to noise ratio based on reflector continuity and noise reduction.
Evaluation of ADCP backscatter computation for quantifying suspended sediment concentration
Authors: Manik H M , Gultom D A , Firdaus  , Elson L
Published: January 2020

Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is important to measure for knowing photosynthesis activity and as indicator of marine pollution. Now days, measurement method to study about SSC were used conventional and optical techniques. These methods had a limitation in providing temporal data of SSC. Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) originally designed for measuring ocean current and its velocity profiles. In fact, ADCP is not only limited to measure the ocean current velocity and direction, but include measuring acoustic backscattering intensity which is related to the concentration of suspended sediment. Based on sonar equations, we computed and analysed the relationship between the backscattering intensity and suspended sediment concentration. In study area of Jakarta Bay, the highest SSC was 70 mgL−1 and the lowest SSC was 30 mgL−1. Compared to the traditional method, ADCP method has many advantages in providing spatial and temporal data.
Sound characteristic of Procambarus clarkii
Authors: Hisyam M , Hestirianoto T , Jaya I
Published: January 2020

Procambarus clarkii is one of the freshwater lobsters which has its own characteristics. Those characteristics used to identify Procambarus clarkii in nature. One of those characteristics is the sound which can be determined using the bioacoustic method. This research uses the bioacoustics method to obtain the sound characteristics from Procambarus clarkii considering this species is invasive in Indonesia. Sound characteristic of this species are obtained by processing sound data into FFT value. The results of processing sound data from recording for three days show that Procambarus clarkii produces snap sound with an average frequency range from 0.3-0.4 kHz.
Application of quantitative echosounder EK500 to detect fish density distribution in the waters at the eastern region of Alor Island
Authors: Izmiyaqin  , Jaya I , Manik H M
Published: January 2020

Information on fish resources and its distribution in the waters around Alor Island, East Nusa Tenggara is still relatively unknown. For that matter, the objective of this study is to determine the distribution of fish density horizontally (latitude or longitude) or vertically (depth) in the waters at the eastern region of Alor Island, using acoustic scientific echosounder SIMRAD EK500 instrument. This instrument is equipped with split beam echosounder transducer system with operating frequency of 38 kHz and 120 kHz. The acoustic survey was conducted in the waters off the north, east and south coast of eastern part of the Alor Island. The result of the survey showed that fish density detected in the surface water dominated by 0,1-100 individual/m3 fish density, in 60-80 meters depth was dominated by 0,1-10 individual/m3, and in 80-200 meters depth was dominated by 0,1-100 individual/m3 of fish density. In addition, the 38 kHz detect higher density of fish compare to 120 kHz.
Benthic habitat classification using high resolution satellite imagery in Sebaru Besar Island, Kepulauan Seribu
Authors: Siregar V P , Agus S B , Sunuddin A , Pasaribu R A , Sangadji M S , Sugara A , Kurniawati E
Published: January 2020

Remote sensing technology can provide spatial information for mapping shallow water benthic habitat, a case study conducted on Sebaru Besar Island. The purpose of this study was to analyze mapping accuracy of shallow water benthic habitats usings WorldView 2 and SPOT 6 (201 imageries). The classification of multispectral images is carried out using the Depth Invariant Index (DII) transformation and by applying the Maximum Likelihood (MLH) algorithm to both satellite images. The number of benthic habitat classes produced are eight habitat classes from each image used. The results of the analysis show that the overall accuracy in Worldview 2 and SPOT 6 images is 61.29% and 51.61%. Results of Z-statistic comparison between Worldview-2 and SPOT-6 imagery was 1,04, means that the results did not differ significantly.
Bigeye tuna fishing ground analysis using oceanographic features in Eastern Indian Ocean off Southern Java
Authors: Dewi A K , Gaol J L , Siregar V P , Atmadipoera A S
Published: January 2020

The Eastern Indian Ocean off Southern Java is one of the bigeye tuna fishing hotspots and has a fishing potential of 27%. Analyses of bigeye tuna fishing areas focus on the South Java-Bali waters at coordinates of 105°-120 ° E and 5 ° - 20 ° S. Oceanographic parameters affect the habitat of Bigeye tuna. Sub surface temperature is an important and major factor in fishing layers. Time series of sub surface temperature data from 2005-2017 was used as an input for the analysis of the fuzzy inference system method. This method has been widely used in fisheries areas but has not yet been applied to fishing ground predictions. The use of vertical temperature data variation such as 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, 250 m, and 300 m are expected to be able to map the most optimal fishing potential area for bigeye tuna fishing ground. The model output is verified using actual coordinate data to obtain a relationship between the model results and coordinate catch point. The result show that at 200 m is the best fishing layer of bigeye tuna.
Level of friendliness of the Bouke Ami fishing gear technology at the Nusantara Fishing Port (PPN) Kejawanan in Cirebon
Authors: Gumilang A P , Susilawati E
Published: January 2020

Squid nets technology (Bouke Ami) are the most used fishing gear by fishermen in the Nusantara Fishing Port (PPN) Kejawanan. This research was conducted in April 2019. The purpose of this study was to analyse the level of friendliness of the bouke ami fishing gear based on the Responsible Fisheries Ethics Code (CCRF). The research method used survey and indepth interviews with related parties related to the results of research and the level of friendliness of environmental equipment. Data analysis was carried out in accordance with 9 criteria for environmentally friendly fishing gear from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The results of the study showed that 27 species of bouke ami were captured with a total catch of 1,939 tons. The composition of the main catch is greater, which is equal to 82.69% compared to 17.31% bycatch. The value in the bouke ami environment is 27. Based on this value, the bouke ami is classified as a fishing gear which is categorized as an environmentally friendly fishing gear.
Design and implementation of waste cleaning automation system for the shrimp pond bottom
Authors: Sefto  , Jaya I , Iqbal M
Published: January 2020

In intensive shrimp cultivation system, residual waste that settled at the bottom of the pond is impacting water quality. Therefore, there is a need to regularly clean this residual to maintain the water quality in good condition. In this paper we describe the automatic instrument system to clean up the bottom of the pond. This waste cleaning instrument uses the principle of equilibrium between the main component in the form of a pyramid and supporting components, namely the water container. The pyramid has a dimension of 2x2x1.3m and 4 poles that serve as rails and support for pulleys that hang both components. The framework of the pyramid is made of pipes and then the frame is coated with HDPE sheets and solar flat. The pyramid will go up and down in accordance with the water container, if it is filled with water and empty automatically because it is installed two submersible pumps to drain and fill the water container. From the field test results it was found that this instrument works effectively, where in one cleaning, it can be done in less than 5 minutes compared to conventional cleaning which takes hours.
Seasonally volume, heat, salt and freshwater transports within Balikpapan Bay to Makassar Strait
Authors: Sulardi A , Nurjaya I W , Hartanto M T
Published: January 2020

Study about water mass transport within Balikpapan Bay (BB) is crucial since many watersheds discharge from this bay which directly flows into Makassar Strait. To understand transport of water mass within BB, INDESO data was made monthly in 2015. The annual volume, heat, salt and freshwater transport are estimated to be 18.02 mSv, 2.14 PW, 0.64 x 109 kgs-1, and 1.05 mSv, respectively. Compared to the annual mean volume transport of Makassar Strait (6.4 Sv), the annual transport of water mass from BB is likely contribute less amount of volume and heat transport with the weighted-transport temperature at 30.37 °C. They are somewhat smaller than the difference between each season. This difference may be attributed by the external force, i.e. current circulation and tidal wave, as well as the precipitation along BB.
Study on shoreline changes using Landsat imagery in Sangsit Region, Bali Province
Authors: Natih N M N , Pasaribu R A , Sangadji M S , Kusumaningrum E E
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted to observe the dynamic of shoreline changes in Sangsit Region, Bali Province using multi-temporal remote sensing datasets. The remote sensing data were acquired from several Landsat images in the period of 2000-2019 (20 years) with 30-meter spatial resolution. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) method was used to analyse data images to determine the shoreline changes. Prior to the analysis, the images were corrected by ground check data. It revealed that the shoreline changes has occur in Sangsit Region for period of 20 years (2000-2019). The results obtained indicate that there is a change in shoreline with mild accretion to less extreme abrasion categories which occurred in the Sangsit Region in that period. From 2000-2005 it shows an accretion of 221.03 m which is categorized as mild accretion and from 2005-2019 the shoreline changes that occur is only an abrasion its categorized as mild to less extreme abrasion. The highest abrasion occurred in the period of 2010-2015 which the abrasion is around 49.65 m.
Mangrove density level and area change analysis in small islands case study: Untung Jawa Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Pasaribu R A , Cakasana N , Maduppa H , Subhan B , Arafat D , Sangadji M S , Savana M S
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the changes in mangrove area and the density level of mangrove based on satellite imagery and field surveys in Untung Jawa Island. The image data used was Landsat image data acquired in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2019. Apart from those, sentinel-2 data received in April 2019 were also retrieved to be compared with field data to see the density level and its accuracy. Image analysis to determine the area and density of mangroves was the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) model. Measurement of mangrove vegetation in the field was obtained by the line plot transect method. The results of temporal image data analysis showed the changes in mangrove area from 2000 (8.46 ha), 2005 (7.56 ha), 2010 (8.45 ha), 2015 (10.65 ha) and 2019 (6.89 ha). In 2019 the mangrove density was dense, while the result of the field survey was categorized as very dense. The level of accuracy for density using remote sensing data is 92.5%. Through the results of the field survey, the mangrove diversity was relatively low, mangrove species on the island was very uneven, and the dominant species was Rhizophora mucronata.
Some biology aspects of Indian Scad (Decapterus russelli, Rupell, 1928) in Pemangkat Fisheries Port, West Kalimantan
Authors: Faizah R , Sadiyah L
Published: January 2020

Absrtact. Indian Scad (Decapterus russelli, Rupell, 1928) is one of small pelagic fish that have important values in the south of China Sea. The objective of the study was to investigate some biology aspects of Indian scad caught by purse seine in the south of China Sea. The research was conducted from March to August 2014. This study used 395 fish samples with size between 14.1-21.9 cmFL (average 18.9 cmFL) and the sex ratio between female and male was 1:1.09. The growth patterns of Indian scad for male and female were positive allometric expressed by the following equation: W=0.0093L3.1309 (R2=0.8719) for male and W=0.0094L3.1359 (R2=0.8576) for female. The condition factors were about 0.25-6.22. Indian scads observed ranged between Maturity stage I and maturity stage V with GI for male and female were 0.056–6.36 % and 0.09 – 6.35 %, respectively. The Von Bertalanffy Growth Equation of Indian scad in the South of China Sea was Lt = 23.60 (1 - e 0.6(t+-0.2789)) with the length of infinity (L∞)=23.60 cmFL, coefficient of growth (K) = 0.6 year-1 and the theoretical age (t0) Indian scad that was equal to (t0) = - 0.2789.
Nutritional value and mineral content of seaweed from Binuangeun Beach, Indonesia and potential use as fish feed ingredient
Authors: Suryaningrum L H , Samsudin R
Published: January 2020

Seaweed represents an important economical resource in Indonesia. They are potentially as good source of nutrient. Furthermore, they have the most nutritious and rich in mineral than any other feedstock. The levels of minerals are ten to twenty times from total mineral content of terrestrial plants. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the nutritional value and mineral content of several seaweeds namely Caulerpa, Palmaria and Ulva, in order to utilize as fish feed ingredient. Seaweeds were collected from Binuangeun Beach, Banten and south coast of Java Island. Carbohydrate by different (NFE) and ash contents were the most two abundant components. Seaweeds Caulerpa, Palmaria and Ulva contained 44.73%, 53.74%, 55.31% NFE; and 27.36%, 22.81%, 20.51% ash based on dry weight, respectively. These contained high amounts of Na, K, Ca, and Mg ranged 0.72-5.65 g 100g−1, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn ranged 2.09x10−4-0.09 g 100g−1. The quantity of the bio-essential elements (Fe, Zn, Cu) followed as Fe>Zn>Cu. The iron content was rich in the sequence of Caulerpa>Palmaria>Ulva and its range was found to be 0.01-0.09 g 100 g−1 in dry weight. The result showed that Caulerpa, Palmaria and Ulva are valuable resource and potentially to be utilized as fish feed ingredient.
Monitoring mangrove phenology using camera images
Authors: Xiang Qiyue , Zhou Yulun , Liu Jiangong
Published: January 2020

Mangrove conservation is known as a significant means of sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide to help mitigate climate change. Recently, a network called “Phenocam” has initiated the use of low-cost camera photos to monitor vegetation phenology world-wide. Despite that Phenocam has been proved to be feasible and useful for many tree species, to the authors’ knowledge, the Phenocam approach has not been tested on mangroves. In this paper, we first collected two months of repeated digital camera photos capturing mangroves in the Mai Po Nature Reserve (MPNR), Hong Kong. Then, vegetation indices were extracted from the camera photos and validated with in situ measured NDVI. The feasibility, effectiveness, and potential biases of using camera photos to monitor the phenology of mangroves are discussed.
Dynamics and spatial differentiation of dissolved copper load in the Yangtze estuary
Authors: Hua Wang , Ying-ying Tian , Feng-nian Zhou , Bao Li , Yi-chuan Zeng , Xiao-yu Zhang
Published: January 2020

Taking the Yangtze river estuary as the study area and based on the field measured data of the longest sequence from 2004 to 2018, analyzes the Dissolved Copper (DCu) concentration change process of six typical sections in the Yangtze river estuary in the past 15 years, namely, Xuliujing, Shidongkou, Nangang, Beigang, Qinglonggang and Qidonggang. The characteristics of the evolution trend of each section are quantitatively evaluated by the method of restandard range analysis. The spatial differentiation rules of DCu in the Yangtze river estuary at different stages were revealed and the correlation characteristics of each section load were calculated by Pearson coefficient. The results show that :(1) the evolution characteristics of DCu in the section of Xuliujing section are relatively complex, which can be divided into four stages. The average concentration of DCu in 15 years is about 3.52 μg/L, and the highest monthly average concentration is 17.8 μg/L.(2) due to the effect of regional sewage discharge, the load of DCu in the mouth section of the south branch stone is generally higher than that of the Nangang and Beigang sections, but the evolution trend of the three sections is basically similar. The oscillation amplitude of DCu concentration in Qidonggang section is the most significant. In 2007, the annual average value of DCu reached 30.3 μg/L, which is the highest annual average value in the existing measured data.(3) Hurst index of Nangang and Qidonggang reached 0.93 and 1.0 respectively, and the evolution trend of cross section DCu showed a strong persistence. The Hurst index of Qinglonggang section is 0.1515, which indicates that the section DCu has anti-persistence.(4) except Qidonggang, the DCu in the other five monitored sections all show significant positive correlation, among which the DCu concentration in Beigang and Qinglonggang have extremely similar variation rules. The main reason for this strong correlation should be related to the main driving weight factor of DCu load in the two sections. The research results have some reference value for prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in Yangtze estuary.
Towards the development of the information system for the long-term planning of infrastructure in the Artic zone of the Russian Federation in the context of climate change
Authors: Konovalov A M , Namsaraev Z B , Baturova G V
Published: January 2020

The article presents the rationale for the creation of an information system for long-term planning of infrastructure development in the Arctic in the context of global climate change. The system will be focused on supporting decision-making in the interests of the effective infrastructure development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation - the country’s key macro-region, which plays a significant role in the socio-economic development of Russia.
Innovative solutions based on CAD of the protective barrier systems architecture for maritime disasters
Authors: Mihai C , Ene A G
Published: January 2020

Pollution of the waters of the planetary ocean is due both to the evacuation of waste water from industrial units along the sea, as well as to the operational or accidental losses that have occurred in the process of oil marine exploitation and the uncontrolled evacuation of the sentries of ships in traffic or stationary. Nowadays, in order to limit the effects of pollution, inflatable and non-inflatable systems based on composite structures are used in all riverside countries of the seas and oceans. The textile material covered with elastomeric mixture made up of special ingredients has proved to be a very successful material for marine environment applications. For establishing the design principles of a composite material, as part of a barrier protection system made of floating surface elements, used in dynamic conditions (for accidental pollution), in open water (offshore), a specialized software that enables the definition of the calculation parameters, accomplishment of the effective calculations, processing, visualization and the export of the numerical data was used.
Quantum extensions of ordinary maps
Authors: Kornell Andre
Published: January 2020

We define a loop to be quantum nullhomotopic if and only if it admits a nonempty quantum set of extensions to the unit disk. We show that the canonical loop in the unit circle is not quantum nullhomotopic, but that every loop in the real projective plane is quantum nullhomotopic. Furthermore, we apply Kuiper’s theorem to show that the canonical loop admits a continuous family of extensions to the unit disk that is indexed by an infinite quantum space. We obtain these results using a purely topological condition that we show to be equivalent to the existence of a quantum family of extensions of a given map.
A transcriptome-based study on the phylogeny and evolution of the taxonomically controversial subfamily Apioideae (Apiaceae)
Authors: Wen Jun , Yu Yan , Xie Deng-Feng , Peng Chang , Liu Qing , Zhou Song-Dong , He Xing-Jin
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims

A long-standing controversy in the subfamily Apioideae concerns relationships among the major lineages, which has prevented a comprehensive study of their fruits and evolutionary history. Here we use single copy genes (SCGs) generated from transcriptome datasets to generate a reliable species tree and explore the evolutionary history of Apioideae.

Methods

In total, 3351 SCGs were generated from 27 transcriptome datasets and one genome, and further used for phylogenetic analysis using coalescent-based methods. Fruit morphology and anatomy were studied in combination with the species tree. Eleven SCGs were screened out for dating analysis with two fossils selected for calibration.

Key Results

A well-supported species tree was generated with a topology [Chamaesieae, (Bupleureae, (Pleurospermeae, (Physospermopsis Clade, (Group C, (Group A, Group B)))))] that differed from previous trees. Daucinae and Torilidinae were not in the tribe Scandiceae and existed as sister groups to the Acronema Clade. Five branches (I–V) of the species tree showed low quartet support but strong local posterior probabilities. Dating analysis suggested that Apioideae originated around 56.64 Mya (95 % highest posterior density interval, 45.18–73.53 Mya).

Conclusions

This study resolves a controversial phylogenetic relationship in Apioideae based on 3351 SCGs and coalescent-based species tree estimation methods. Gene trees that contributed to the species tree may undergoing rapid evolutionary divergence and incomplete lineage sorting. Fruits of Apioideae might have evolved in two directions, anemochorous and hydrochorous, with epizoochorous as a derived mode. Molecular and morphological evidence suggests that Daucinae and Torilidinae should be restored to the tribe level. Our results provide new insights into the morphological evolution of this subfamily, which may contribute to a better understanding of species diversification in Apioideae. Molecular dating analysis suggests that uplift of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and climate changes probably drove rapid speciation and diversification of Apioideae in the QTP region.
Regression on imperfect class labels derived by unsupervised clustering
Authors: Brøndum Rasmus Froberg , Michaelsen Thomas Yssing , Bøgsted Martin
Published: January 2020

Outcome regressed on class labels identified by unsupervised clustering is custom in many applications. However, it is common to ignore the misclassification of class labels caused by the learning algorithm, which potentially leads to serious bias of the estimated effect parameters. Due to their generality we suggest to address the problem by use of regression calibration or the misclassification simulation and extrapolation method. Performance is illustrated by simulated data from Gaussian mixture models, documenting a reduced bias and improved coverage of confidence intervals when adjusting for misclassification with either method. Finally, we apply our method to data from a previous study, which regressed overall survival on class labels derived from unsupervised clustering of gene expression data from bone marrow samples of multiple myeloma patients.
Practical genotyping by single-nucleotide primer extension
Authors: Breyer Joan P , Smith Jeffrey R
Published: January 2020

Genome-wide association studies bring into focus specific genetic variants of particular interest for which validation is often sought in large numbers of study subjects. Practical alternative methods are limiting for the application of genotyping few variants in many samples. A common scenario is the need to genotype a study population at a specific high-value single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or insertion-deletion (indel). Not all such variants, however, will be amenable to assay by a given approach. We have adapted a single-nucleotide primer extension (SNuPE) method that may be tailored to genotype a required variant, and implemented it as a useful general laboratory protocol. We demonstrate reliable application for production-scale genotyping, successfully converting 87% of SNPs and indels for assay with an estimated error rate of 0.003. Our implementation of the SNuPE genotyping assay is a viable addition to existing alternative methods; it is readily customizable, scalable, and uses standard reagents and a laboratory plate reader.
Phylogenetic position and evolution of glandular structures of the unusual and narrowly distributed genus Rhytidanthera (Ochnaceae)
Authors: Reinales Sandra , Parra-O Carlos
Published: January 2020

Rhytidanthera is the only genus of Ochnaceae with compound leaves, and it forms sparse, small populations restricted to the primary forest of the Colombian and Venezuelan Andes and the sandstone hills of La Macarena and Chiribiquete. It has been suggested to be related to Godoya, Cespedesia and Krukoviella in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. However, the relationships in this group remain poorly resolved, due to the lack of a wider molecular and taxonomic sampling. We present a phylogenetic study of tribe Sauvagesieae including three Rhytidanthera spp. and one species each of Godoya and Cespedesia, using sequences from one nuclear (ITS) and four plastid DNA regions (matK, ndhF, rbcL and trnL-F), in order to clarify the relationships among these four genera. We recover a new and well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis, with Rhytidanthera as sister to a clade comprising Godoya and the clade formed by Cespedesia and Krukoviella. This Neotropical clade was recovered as sister to the monotypic and African genus Fleurydora. The clade comprising Rhytidanthera, Godoya, Cespedesia and Krukoviella is supported by the presence of glandular structures (colleters) at the base of stipules and bracts. The colleters also evolved at the base of the sepals in this clade, with a secondary loss in Cespedesia and Krukoviella. We suggest that the combination of unequal-sized sepals enclosing the floral bud and the presence of colleters in members of this clade could have a role in the protection of leaves and flowers in the early stages of development, instead of acting in pollinator attraction.
Cardiac sympathetic denervation and synucleinopathy in Alzheimer’s disease with brain Lewy body disease
Authors: Serrano Geidy E , Shprecher David , Callan Michael , Cutler Brett , Glass Michael , Zhang Nan , Walker Jessica , Intorcia Anthony , Adler Charles H , Shill Holly A , Driver-Dunckley Erika , Mehta Shyamal H , Belden Christine M , Zamrini Edward , Sue Lucia I , Vargas Daisy , Beach Thomas G
Published: January 2020

Comorbid Lewy body pathology is very common in Alzheimer’s disease and may confound clinical trial design, yet there is no in vivo test to identify patients with this. Tissue (and/or radioligand imaging) studies have shown cardiac sympathetic denervation in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, but this has not been explored in Alzheimer’s subjects with Lewy bodies not meeting dementia with Lewy bodies clinicopathological criteria. To determine if Alzheimer’s disease with Lewy bodies subjects show sympathetic cardiac denervation, we analysed epicardial and myocardial tissue from autopsy-confirmed cases using tyrosine hydroxylase and neurofilament immunostaining. Comparison of tyrosine hydroxylase fibre density in 19 subjects with Alzheimer’s disease/dementia with Lewy bodies, 20 Alzheimer’s disease with Lewy bodies, 12 Alzheimer’s disease subjects without Lewy body disease, 19 Parkinson’s disease, 30 incidental Lewy body disease and 22 cognitively normal without Alzheimer’s disease or Lewy body disease indicated a significant group difference (P < 0.01; Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance) and subsequent pair-wise Mann–Whitney U tests showed that Parkinson’s disease (P < 0.05) and Alzheimer’s disease/dementia with Lewy bodies (P < 0.01) subjects, but not Alzheimer’s disease with Lewy bodies subjects, had significantly reduced tyrosine hydroxylase fibre density as compared with cognitively normal. Both Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease/dementia with Lewy bodies subjects also showed significant epicardial losses of neurofilament protein-immunoreactive nerve fibre densities within the fibre bundles as compared with cognitively normal subjects (P < 0.01) and both groups showed high pathologic alpha-synuclein densities (P < 0.0001). Cardiac alpha-synuclein densities correlated significantly with brain alpha-synuclein (P < 0.001), while cardiac tyrosine hydroxylase and neurofilament immunoreactive nerve fibre densities were negatively correlated with the densities of both brain and cardiac alpha-synuclein, as well as Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale scores (P < 0.05). The clear separation of Alzheimer’s disease/dementia with Lewy bodies subjects from Alzheimer’s disease and cognitively normal, based on cardiac tyrosine hydroxylase fibre density, is the first report of a statistically significant difference between these groups. Our data do not show significant sympathetic cardiac denervation in Alzheimer’s disease with Lewy bodies, but strongly confirm that cardiac nuclear imaging with a noradrenergic radioligand is worthy of further study as a potential means to separate Alzheimer’s disease from Alzheimer’s disease/dementia with Lewy bodies during life.
Disrupting nNOS–PSD95 Interaction Improves Neurological and Cognitive Recoveries after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Qu Wenrui , Liu Nai-Kui , Wu Xiangbing , Wang Ying , Xia Yongzhi , Sun Yan , Lai Yvonne , Li Rui , Shekhar Anantha , Xu Xiao-Ming
Published: January 2020

Excessive activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and the resulting neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, directly inhibiting NMDARs or nNOS produces adverse side effects because they play key physiological roles in the normal brain. Since interaction of nNOS–PSD95 is a key step in NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity, we investigated whether disrupting nNOS–PSD95 interaction with ZL006, an inhibitor of nNOS–PSD95 interaction, attenuates NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity. In cortical neuronal cultures, ZL006 treatment significantly reduced glutamate-induced neuronal death. In a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI), administration of ZL006 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) at 30 min postinjury significantly inhibited nNOS–PSD95 interaction, reduced TUNEL- and phospho-p38-positive neurons in the motor cortex. ZL006 treatment also significantly reduced CCI-induced cortical expression of apoptotic markers active caspase-3, PARP-1, ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38). Functionally, ZL006 treatment significantly improved neuroscores and sensorimotor performance, reduced somatosensory and motor deficits, reversed CCI-induced memory deficits, and attenuated cognitive impairment. Histologically, ZL006 treatment significantly reduced the brain lesion volume. These findings collectively suggest that blocking nNOS–PSD95 interaction represents an attractive strategy for ameliorating consequences of TBI and that its action is mediated via inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and p38 MAPK signaling.
Sense of Agency Beyond Sensorimotor Process: Decoding Self-Other Action Attribution in the Human Brain
Authors: Ohata Ryu , Asai Tomohisa , Kadota Hiroshi , Shigemasu Hiroaki , Ogawa Kenji , Imamizu Hiroshi
Published: January 2020

The sense of agency is defined as the subjective experience that “I” am the one who is causing the action. Theoretical studies postulate that this subjective experience is developed through multistep processes extending from the sensorimotor to the cognitive level. However, it remains unclear how the brain processes such different levels of information and constitutes the neural substrates for the sense of agency. To answer this question, we combined two strategies: an experimental paradigm, in which self-agency gradually evolves according to sensorimotor experience, and a multivoxel pattern analysis. The combined strategies revealed that the sensorimotor, posterior parietal, anterior insula, and higher visual cortices contained information on self-other attribution during movement. In addition, we investigated whether the found regions showed a preference for self-other attribution or for sensorimotor information. As a result, the right supramarginal gyrus, a portion of the inferior parietal lobe (IPL), was found to be the most sensitive to self-other attribution among the found regions, while the bilateral precentral gyri and left IPL dominantly reflected sensorimotor information. Our results demonstrate that multiple brain regions are involved in the development of the sense of agency and that these show specific preferences for different levels of information.
Searching and Finding the Hidden Treasure: A Retrospective Analysis of Rickettsial Disease Among Dutch International Travelers
Authors: de Vries Sophia G , van Eekeren Louise E , van der Linden Hans , Visser Benjamin J , Grobusch Martin P , Wagenaar Jiri F P , Goris Marga G A , Goorhuis Abraham
Published: January 2020

Background

Rickettsial disease (RD) is a prevalent and underestimated cause of febrile illness worldwide, especially in the absence of an inoculation eschar. We attempted to quantify this underestimation at our clinic, by investigating past cases of febrile illness in travelers who had tested negative for leptospirosis, a disease that can initially present similarly to non-eschar RD, and which we routinely consider when other important causes of unspecified febrile illness have tested negative.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis in febrile returned travelers from Asia, Africa, or the Americas between 2010 and 2017, who had tested negative for leptospirosis. Serologic immunofluorescence assays were performed for Orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus), typhus group, and spotted fever group RD. We performed a medical records review of all patients who tested positive. In case of a fitting medical history, cases were deemed either confirmed (based on convalescent serology) or suspected (based on single serology).

Results

Among 97 patients, convalescent serology was available in 16 (16.5%) patients, and a single serology in 81 (83.5%) patients. RD was the likely diagnosis in 8 of 16 (50.0%) patients with convalescent serology, and in 8 of 81 (9.9%) with single serology. Of the 16 confirmed/suspected cases, 11 (69%) had been missed and 7 (44%) had not received adequate empiric antibiotic therapy.

Conclusions

This study shows that non-eschar RD is an important and poorly recognized cause of illness in travelers, even in a specialized travel clinic. A lower threshold to test and treat for RD is warranted in returning travelers with febrile illness.
Shadow constitutional review: The dark side of pre-enactment political review in Ireland and Japan
Authors: Kenny David , Casey Conor
Published: January 2020

Political constitutionalism is a major area of inquiry in contemporary constitutional discourse. A significant and increasingly central aspect of political constitutionalism is pre-enactment political review: laws being reviewed for constitutionality or rights compliance by parliament or the executive. This institution is said to be a good augmentation of, or even replacement for, the institution of judicial review, and it is said to bring with it a host of normative benefits. In this article, we wish to highlight an under-explored dark side to pre-enactment review. By undertaking a comparative analysis of functional pre-enactment review in several similar jurisdictions—Canada, New Zealand, and the UK—we contrast these systems, and the ordinary failings they display, with the much deeper problems of pre-enactment review in Ireland and Japan. These latter jurisdictions, we argue, not only fail to instantiate the benefits of pre-enactment review but in fact show that, in the right circumstances, pre-enactment review can have negative effects that are antithetical to the goals and values of political constitutionalism. We call this phenomenon “shadow constitutional review,” and suggest that it adds a layer of complexity and nuance to contemporary discussions of political constitutionalism.
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair for acute type B aortic dissection complicated by total occlusion of the abdominal aorta
Authors: Shikata Daichi , Omura Atsushi , Matsuo Jiro , Matsuda Hitoshi
Published: January 2020

A 72-year-old man presenting with lower body malperfusion and complete paralysis was transferred for emergency treatment of a complicated acute type B aortic dissection. Enhanced computed tomography showed occlusion of the true lumen inside the abdominal aorta due to compression of the false lumen, accompanied by a Crawford extension type IV thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm. The primary entry tear was located at the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra above the aneurysm. Emergency thoracic endovascular aortic repair was performed to cover the entry tear and to regain perfusion of the lower body. Efforts to perform retrograde insertion of a guidewire from the femoral arteries to pass the occluded abdominal aorta were unsuccessful. A through-and-through guidewire technique between the left brachial artery and the right femoral artery was performed to deliver a Zenith TX-2 stent graft from the right femoral artery. After closure of the primary entry tear, complete recovery from the occlusion of the abdominal aorta was obtained 6 h after the onset. His paralysis recovered completely, and the postoperative course was uneventful without reperfusion injury.
Representation Homology of Topological Spaces
Authors: Berest Yuri , Ramadoss Ajay C , Yeung Wai-Kit
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we introduce and study representation homology of topological spaces, which is a natural homological extension of representation varieties of fundamental groups. We give an elementary construction of representation homology parallel to the Loday–Pirashvili construction of higher Hochschild homology; in fact, we establish a direct geometric relation between the two theories by proving that the representation homology of the suspension of a (pointed connected) space is isomorphic to its higher Hochschild homology. We also construct some natural maps and spectral sequences relating representation homology to other homology theories associated with spaces (such as Pontryagin algebras, ${{\mathbb {S}}}^1$-equivariant homology of the free loop space, and stable homology of automorphism groups of f.g. free groups). We compute representation homology explicitly (in terms of known invariants) in a number of interesting cases, including spheres, suspensions, complex projective spaces, Riemann surfaces, and some 3-dimensional manifolds, such as link complements in ${\mathbb {R}}^3$ and the lens spaces $ L(p,q) $. In the case of link complements, we identify the representation homology in terms of ordinary Hochschild homology, which gives a new algebraic invariant of links in ${\mathbb {R}}^3$.
Impact of genotypic diversity on selection of subtype-specific drug resistance profiles during raltegravir-based therapy in individuals infected with B and BF recombinant HIV-1 strains
Authors: Sánchez Daniela , Arazi Caillaud Solange , Zapiola Ines , Fernandez Giuliano Silvina , Bologna Rosa , Mangano Andrea , Aulicino Paula C
Published: January 2020

Background

Current knowledge on HIV-1 resistance to integrase inhibitors (INIs) is based mostly on subtype B strains. This contrasts with the increasing use of INIs in low- and middle-income countries, where non-B subtypes predominate.

Materials and methods

HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping was performed in 30 HIV-1-infected individuals undergoing virological failure to raltegravir. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and HIV-1 subtype were characterized using Stanford HIVdb and phylogenetic analyses.

Results

Of the 30 integrase (IN) sequences, 14 were characterized as subtype F (47%), 8 as subtype B (27%), 7 as BF recombinants (23%) and 1 as a putative CRF05_DF (3%). In 25 cases (83%), protease and reverse transcriptase (PR-RT) sequences from the same individuals confirmed the presence of different BF recombinants. Stanford HIVdb genotyping was concordant with phylogenetic inference in 70% of IN and 60% of PR-RT sequences. INI DRMs differed between B and F IN subtypes, with Q148K/R/H, G140S and E138K/A being more prevalent in subtype B (63% versus 0%, P = 0.0021; 50% versus 0%, P = 0.0096; and 50% versus 0%, P = 0.0096, respectively). These differences were independent of the time on raltegravir therapy or viral load at the time of genotyping. INI DRMs in subtype F IN genomes predicted a lower level of resistance to raltegravir and no cross-resistance to second-generation INIs.

Conclusions

Alternative resistance pathways to raltegravir develop in subtypes B and F IN genomes, with implications for clinical practice. Evaluating the role of HIV-1 subtype in development and persistence of mutations that confer resistance to INIs will be important to improve algorithms for resistance testing and optimize the use of INIs.
Unmet Spiritual Care Needs in Women Undergoing Core Needle Breast Biopsy
Authors: Van Denburg Alyssa N , Shelby Rebecca A , Winger Joseph G , Zhang Lei , Soo Adrianne E , Pearce Michelle J , Soo Mary Scott
Published: January 2020

Objective

Spiritual care is an important part of healthcare, especially when patients face a possible diagnosis of a life-threatening disease. This study examined the extent to which women undergoing core-needle breast biopsy desired spiritual support and the degree to which women received the support they desired.

Methods

Participants (N = 79) were women age 21 and older, who completed an ultrasound- or stereotactic-guided core-needle breast biopsy. Participants completed measures of spiritual needs and spiritual care. Medical and sociodemographic information were also collected. Independent sample t-tests and chi-square tests of examined differences based on demographic, medical, and biopsy-related variables.

Results

Forty-eight participants (48/79; 60.8%) desired some degree of spiritual care during their breast biopsy, and 33 participants (33/78; 42.3%) wanted their healthcare team to address their spiritual needs. African American women were significantly more likely to desire some type of spiritual support compared to women who were not African American. Among the 79 participants, 16 (20.3%) reported a discrepancy between desired and received spiritual support. A significant association between discrepancies and biopsy results was found, χ 2(1) = 4.19, P = .04, such that 2 (7.4%) of 27 participants with results requiring surgery reported discrepancies, while 14 (26.9%) of 52 participants with a benign result reported discrepancies.

Conclusion

Most women undergoing core-needle breast biopsy desired some degree of spiritual care. Although most reported that their spiritual needs were addressed, a subset of women received less care than desired. Our results suggest that healthcare providers should be aware of patients’ desires for spiritual support, particularly among those with benign results.
A local solution approach for level-set based structural topology optimization in isogeometric analysis
Authors: Wu Zijun , Wang Shuting , Xiao Renbin , Yu Lianqing
Published: January 2020

This paper develops a new topology optimization approach for minimal compliance problems based on the parameterized level set method in isogeometric analysis. Here, we choose the basis functions as level set functions. The design variables are obtained with Greville abscissae based on the corresponding collocation points. The zero-level set boundaries are derived from the level set function values of the interpolation points in all knot spans. In the optimization iteration process, the whole design domain is discretized into two types of subdomains around the zero-level set boundaries, undesign area with void materials and redesign domain with solid materials. To decrease the size of equations and the computational consumptions, only the solid material area is recalculated and the void material area is discarded according to the high accuracy of isogeometric analysis. Numerical examples demonstrate the validity of the proposed optimization method.