bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crimini, pene e privilegi processuali dei chierici nella Practica Criminalis Canonica di Juan Bernal Díaz De Luco
Authors: Chiodi Giovanni
Published: October 2024

Il saggio contiene un’analisi giuridica delle tesi affermate dal vescovo Juan Bernal Díaz de Luco nella sua opera più celebre, la pionieristica Practica canonica criminalis pubblicata nel 1543. Partendo da una ricostruzione biografica della personalità del suo autore, nel contesto storico della Controriforma di cui egli fu uno dei più accreditati protagonisti, si compie una prima indagine sulla struttura dell’opera, le fonti e il metodo del giurista sivigliano e si approfondiscono alcune delle tematiche svolte nel suo libello, concentrandosi in modo particolare sulla discussione intorno alle pene di alcuni crimini e su determinati problemi processuali: la tortura dei chierici, l’interrogatorio del reo con giuramento de veritate, l’ammissibilità della testimonianza dei laici riguardo ai chierici. Dall’analisi emerge che il Dr. Bernal, come Díaz de Luco era anche denominato, si distingue sia per la tendenza a difendere e conservare i privilegi processuali dei chierici, sia perla severità e il rigore con cui, in pieno riformismo erasmiano, egli modella la risposta punitiva della Chiesa nei confronti dei crimini dei chierici. Da questo punto di vista Díaz de Luco può essere considerato un abile difensore dei diritti dei chierici, ma anche uno strenuo riformatore dei costumi del clero.
Un consilium di Onofrio Bartolini da Perugia sulla mulier alibi nupta
Authors: Kirshner Julius
Published: October 2024

Lo studio si concentra su un consilium del giurista perugino Onofrio Bartolini, intervenuto in una disputa tra la località di Castiglione e la città di Arezzo negli anni Settanta del Trecento. Al centro della questione vi è il caso di una donna di Castiglione, andata in sposa ad un cittadino di Arezzo, mantenendo però la proprietà di un immobile nella sua città d’origine. Castiglione sostiene che tale immobile sia soggetto alla sua tassazione e debba versare a Castiglione l’imposta diretta (libra), mentre Arezzo replica che, a seguito delle nozze, la donna ha perduto la cittadinanza castiglionese, divenendo aretina, con la conseguenza che le sue proprietà sono ora soggette alla libra del Comune di Arezzo. Bartolini, seguendo i principi formulati da Bartolo sulla cittadinanza della mulier alibi nupta, conclude che la giurisdizione in materia di imposizione fiscale rimanga a Castiglione, ove la donna conserva la propria cittadinanza.
Proprietà privata e diritto di preda nella guerra marittima. Un contributo italiano al dibattito giuridico otto e novecentesco
Authors: Monti Annamaria
Published: October 2024

All’emergere del capitalismo industriale e finanziario tra otto e novecento, a fronte dell’espansione del commercio internazionale grazie ai progressi della tecnica, l’esigenza di tutelare la proprietà privata nella guerra marittima si lega a ragioni economiche, giuridiche e politiche. I giuristi occidentali, in uno sforzo corale, animano il dibattito in seno alle istituzioni – in particolare all’Institut de droit international – e nelle aule universitarie. Attraverso studi, scritti e partecipazione politica attiva, in molti argomentano a favore della libertà di commercio e della tutela della proprietà privata, nello sforzo di indicare vie per l’abolizione, ovvero per una migliore regolamentazione del diritto di preda marittima; per una supervisione del controllo dei commerci via mare; per la disciplina del contrabbando di guerra. Gli auspici di rado si traducono in esiti concreti, scontrandosi con inveterati usi e prassi. In particolare, il saggio si sofferma sul punto di vista informato, pragmatico e disincantato ad un tempo di Tullio Giordana (1877-1955), giurista di formazione, giornalista pubblicista e scrittore di professione.
Faticare nell'ombra. Una storia giuridica del lavoro femminile tra età liberale e fascismo
Authors: Rossi Filippo
Published: October 2024

Nell’itinerario di scoperta dei ruoli e degli spazi femminili, il diritto e la sua storia sono stati interrogati per verificare e suffragare la tesi dei gender studies sulla disuguaglianza di genere e del trattamento ineguale riservato alle donne. Come noto, la valorizzazione sperequata dei sessi ha definito per negazione gli spazi e il ruolo spettanti alle donne, limitandone o annullandone, sotto il profilo giuridico, la capacità di contrattare e di stare in giudizio, di esercitare la potestà sui figli, e così pure di apprendere, come pure di operare nella sfera pubblica e privata. L’esclusione femminile come elementostrutturante la società occidentale ha riguardato anche il lavoro femminile, storicamente costruito intorno alla differenziazione mansionale e alla subordinazione all’uomo, contribuendo così a costruire i modelli del male breadwinner e della female caregiver.A distanza di decenni dalle prime indagini sul lavoro femminile, la condizione delle lavoratrici e il relativo statuto soggettivo hanno conosciuto rinnovato interesse, grazie alla fioritura di ricerche storico giuridiche sugli impieghi delle donne, che hanno codificato lo strumentario giuridico utilizzato nel governo dei processi economico sociali che presiedono alle pratiche del lavoro.Entro il generale processo ricostruttivo del ruolo giocato dal diritto e dai giuristi per configurare lo statuto soggettivo della lavoratrice, un interesse particolare merita il tornante compreso tra l’unificazione nazionale e la fine della dittatura, a cui questo studio si accosta esaminando le intersezioni tra il formante normativo e dottrinale ma anche quello, finora meno studiato, della giurisprudenza.
Contro il code civil. Patria potestà e conversione dei minori ebrei (1806-1813)
Authors: Solimano Stefano
Published: October 2024

In questo saggio, destinato ad approfondire la storia del dopo codice civile nel Regno d’Italia, ci concentreremo sulla questione della conversione dei minori ebrei invitis parentibus. Si tratta di una questione antichissima che ha vulnerato e compromesso i rapporti tra ebraismo e cristianesimo, che solo formalmente ha seguito l’indicazione contraria dell’Aquinate. Nel contesto dell’Italia napoleonica il code civil napoleonico rappresenta una pietra d’inciampo. Il case study di Giuditta ed Ester Padovani (1811-1813) apparirà paradigmatico per cogliere continuità e discontinuità nell’atteggiamento del Governo, del mondo dei giuristi e della società ad ogni livello.
La necessità come categoria giuridica: un’ipotesi di lavoro per Jacopo Menochio
Authors: Valsecchi Chiara
Published: October 2024

Nella biblioteca trivulziana di Milano si conserva, in un unico voluminoso manoscritto, il trattato De necessitate, eiusque privilegiis et prerogativis di Jacopo Menochio.L’impostazione scelta da Menochio può essere meglio compresa grazie al confronto con altri trattati cinque-seicenteschi che affrontano temi dalla stessa natura trasversale e articolata (la povertà, la malattia e simili).Benchè l’opera sia incompleta, la lettura si rivela di notevole interesse sia nella prima parte, più rifinita e meditata, dedicata all’introduzione teorica sul concetto filosofico-giuridico di necessità, sia in quella, assai più confusa e frammentaria, in cui l’autore progettava di analizzare in modo analitico i numerosi privilegia, che nell’ambito del diritto si collegano alle diverse concezioni e situazioni di necessità. Proprio il carattere disorganico del codice lo rende anzi di particolare rilievo: oltre a dare un saggio del sapere giuridico del professore pavese, alle prese con un concetto dalle molteplici sfaccettature teorico-pratiche, il testo offre una interessante visione del metodo di lavoro con il quale va costruendosi un trattato su un tema così complesso, e ci mostra il modo in cui un illustre giurista dell’età del tardo diritto comune padroneggia l’immensa mole delle fonti e delle autorità di riferimento per giungere alla soluzione di ogni possibile caso concreto.
Incidence of Descemet Membrane Detachment after Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery in a Sample of Iraqi Patients at Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital
Authors: Abbas Farooq Mohammed , Kareem Alyaa Abood , Hado Wisam Mohammed , Ahmed Hussein Mahmood
Published: October 2024

Background: Descemet's membrane detachment (DMD) is a common complication following phacoemulsification surgery that can have a significant impact on the visual prognosis of patients undergoing surgery. Objective: Determine the incidence of DMD following phacoemulsification cataract surgery and identify potential risk factors for detaching. Methods: A prospective study was undertaken at Ibn Al-Haitham Eye Teaching Hospital between October 1st, 2022, and September 1st, 2023. Patients who underwent cataract surgery were clinically evaluated for DMD. Cataract density is ranked from 1 to 4 based on density and hardness. The conventional phacoemulsification surgery was performed without the use of systemic acetazolamide prior to the procedure. Results: The study included 253 participants, ranging in age from 10 to 89 years. One case indicated central detachment, while seven showed peripheral detachment. The stability of the Descemet membrane was found to be significantly associated with patients under the age of 65. Non-diabetics demonstrated a significant association with the lack of DMD. We discovered a statistically significant link between surgical operations lasting less than 30 minutes and a lack of separation. The single usage of a keratome was strongly related to the lack of detachment. Conclusions: DMD incidence is significantly associated with elderly people (≥65 years). We discovered a strong relationship between the lack of DMD and non-diabetic people who had a single keratome treatment lasting less than 30 minutes.
Exploring the Circular Economy in the Fashion Industry: Transforming Waste into Valuable Resources
Authors: Zheng Xiangzhi
Published: October 2024

The fashion industry, a major global economic sector, faces significant environmental challenges due to high resource consumption and waste generation. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of circular economy practices as a solution to these issues. Traditional linear models of production and disposal are insufficient for sustainable development, necessitating a shift towards circular economy principles that focus on resource efficiency, waste reduction, and recycling. Through detailed case studies of Patagonia and H&M, this study highlights how circular economy practices, such as the use of renewable materials and comprehensive recycling systems, contribute to environmental sustainability and meet consumer expectations. Despite these advancements, barriers such as technological limitations, high initial investments, and the need for stronger policy support remain. Recommendations include increasing investment in recycling technologies, enhancing consumer education, and fostering industry-wide cooperation. Future research should expand to include a broader range of case studies to better understand global applications of circular economy practices.
Research on the application of microbiological treatment technology in environmental engineering
Authors: Zhao Wenyu
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of China's economy, the problem of environmental pollution has become increasingly serious. In order to effectively treat all kinds of environmental pollution, pollution treatment technology needs to be constantly updated and improved. Microbial treatment technology, with its high efficiency and environmentally friendly features, shows a broad application prospect in pollution treatment. In this paper, the application of microbial treatment technology in the treatment of three typical environmental pollutants is systematically reviewed through extensive literature research. The basic principles of microbial treatment technology are described, and the successful applications of microbial technology in the treatment of wastewater, solid waste and soil heavy metal pollution are discussed in detail in combination with typical cases of environmental pollution treatment. Compared with the traditional physical and chemical methods, microbial technology is easy to operate, with significant treatment effect, lower comprehensive cost, and less likely to produce secondary pollution. In order to give full play to the unique advantages of microbial technology, this paper focuses on the possible limitations of microbial technology in practical application and discusses its future development direction.
Research progress on the immunomodulatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Zhang Zhitao
Published: October 2024

China is a country with thousands of years of research history in traditional Chinese medicine. In ancient China, traditional Chinese medicine has been used to treat diseases and has been passed down to this day. It has gone through thousands of years of spring, summer, autumn, and winter, achieving today's history of traditional Chinese medicine. There are many traditional Chinese medicines that have good immunomodulatory effects. With the expansion of traditional Chinese medicine research, the broad prospects of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating the body's immune system have been gradually realized. This article provides a review of the research progress on the immune regulatory function of traditional Chinese medicine based on the medical experiments and clinical applications of traditional Chinese medicine in immune system regulation in recent years. On the one hand, traditional Chinese medicine can enhance the cellular and humoral immune functions of the body, promote the physiological functions of lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and hematopoietic stem cells; On the other hand, traditional Chinese medicine also has immunosuppressive functions, which can reduce the release of inflammatory factors, inhibit or eliminate the production of antibodies, and inhibit the proliferation of T cells. Currently, research has found that most traditional Chinese medicine has a bidirectional immune regulatory function to restore normal immune responses to either high or low levels. This bidirectional immune regulatory effect actually reflects the theory of "holistic view" and "yin-yang balance" emphasized by traditional Chinese medicine.
Early pathogenesis, risks, and interventions of Dyslexia
Authors: Xu Yixin
Published: October 2024

Reading proficiency is a foundational skill crucial for academic and social development in children. Developmental Dyslexia (DD), characterized by reading and writing difficulties despite adequate intelligence, poses a significant challenge, with a prevalence of 417%. This literature review explores the pathogenesis, risk factors, and interventions associated with DD. Children with DD face challenges in decoding and phonological processing, accompanied by deficits in the magnocellular pathway, complicating precise detection. Genetic, neural, and environmental factors contribute to DD, necessitating an integrative approach. Early interventions, focusing on phoneme awareness, rhythm, and visual skills, show promise. Neurobiological investigations reveal abnormalities in brain regions and connectivity, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of DD. Environmental factors, including maternal behaviors and socioeconomic status, contribute to DD risk. Interventions, such as music-based approaches, educational games, and mobile applications, demonstrate transformative impacts. To conclude, this review calls for continued research, global collaboration, and inclusive practices to advance our understanding and intervention strategies for DD on a global scale.
Genomics-driven pharmacodynamics: A new frontier in personalized medicine
Authors: Shao Yaode
Published: October 2024

Personalized medicine is an emerging, rapidly evolving approach to clinical practice where he uses new technologies to provide decision-making for the prediction, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. Personalized medicine is rooted in the idea that because individuals have subtle and unique characteristics at the molecular, physiological, environmental exposure and behavioral levels, they may need to target the diseases they have to accommodate these subtle and unique characteristics. The goal of personalized medicine is often thought to be to provide the right treatment to the right person at the right time. Genomics has great potential in the development of personalized medicine. Pharmacokinetics provides a quantitative way to understand drug behavior in humans and is the scientific basis for realizing personalized medicine. This article aims to explore the impact of genomics on pharmacokinetics and apply these insights to personalized medicine.
The impact of lifestyle factors on hyperthyroidism in the Chaoshan region
Authors: Qiurong Zeng , Soontornchai Sarisak , Fakkham Suppalak
Published: October 2024

The research carried out in this study provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of thyroid disorders in the Chaoshan region of China, exploring risk factors, demographic correlations, and the essential role of iodine intake. It uncovers the complex relationships between iodine levels, thyroid health, and demographic characteristics, highlighting the public health implications and the need for targeted interventions. The purpose of this research was to elucidate the landscape of thyroid disorders within this specific region and how various factors, including iodine intake and demographic variables, influence thyroid health.
Study on GelMA Hydrogel Loading Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote Wound Healing
Authors: Chen Yiqi , Zhou Yingqian , Wei Qian , Shen Chuan'an
Published: October 2024

Experimental research methods were adopted. To investigate the effect of GelMA hydrogel loaded with small extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on wound repair.HucMSC-sEVs separated by ultra-high speed centrifugation showed a cup-shaped structure under transmission electron microscopy; hucMSC-sEVs express positive markers for small extracellular vesicles, namely CD9, CD63, and TSG101, but do not express negative markers for small extracellular vesicles, Calnexin. The results of the cell scratch experiment showed that 6 hours after scratching, the migration rates of HEK, HDF, and HUVEC in the sEVs group were significantly higher than those in the control group. After 12 hours and 24 hours of scratching, the migration rates of HEK, HDF, and HUVEC in the sEVs group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The Transwell experiment showed that after 12 hours of cultivation under the same conditions, the migration numbers of HEK, HDF, and HUVEC in the control group all were significantly less than the sEVs group. The EdU staining results showed that the proportion of proliferating cells in the sEVs group of HEK, HDF, and HUVEC cells was significantly higher than that in the control group. SEM results showed that 15% GelMA hydrogel had regular three-dimensional network porous structure. The healing rate of full layer skin defect wounds in mice was statistically analyzed. The Gel+sEVs group showed a significant increase in wound healing speed compared to the sEVs group, Gel group, and blank control group.hucMSC-sEVs can be successfully extracted by ultrahigh speed centrifugation. HucMSC-sEVs can promote the migration and proliferation of HEK, HDF and HUVEC, and can be combined with GelMA hydrogel as wound dressing. GelMA hydrogel loaded with hucMSC-sEVs can significantly improve the speed of wound healing in mice.
A comprehensive review of early gastric cancer research in traditional Chinese and western medicine
Authors: Zhu Junkun , Wang Jing
Published: October 2024

Gastric cancer has long held a prominent place among malignant tumors, with the highest mortality rate. The early stages of gastric cancer lack specific symptoms, making early detection challenging. Western medicine often relies on surgical intervention for a cure, but postoperative quality of life is often unsatisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown promising results in the treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer. This article employs literature review and summarization methods to explore the clinical and research progress in the early stages of gastric cancer from both TCM and Western medicine perspectives. The aim is to discuss the necessity of combining TCM and Western medicine for treatment, with the goal of achieving higher cure rates and improved quality of life, thereby developing a more comprehensive treatment approach.
Մուտքի խորհուրդը. ավետարանների խորանների և եկեղեցիների շքամուտքերի պատկերագրական ու խորհրդաբանական ընդհանրությունները հայկական արվեստում
Authors: Պետրոսյան Արմինե
Published: October 2024

Հայկական ձեռագիր Ավետարանների համաձայնության կանոնների և մի շարք եկեղեցիների շքամուտքերի ձևավորումներն ունեն պատկերագրական ընդհանրություններ ։ Դրանք դրսևորվում են ճարտարապետական հորինվածքի, զարդային համակարգի և խորհրդանշական մի շարք դրվագների, այդ թվում՝ թռչունների համանման պատկերներում ։ Խորանների և շքամուտքերի հարդարման զարգացումն ընթացել է զուգահեռաբար, որը թույլ է տալիս դրանք դիտարկել պատկերագրական և խորհրդաբանական միևնույն համատեքստում ։ Ե՛վ խորանները, և՛ շքամուտքերն ունեին միևնույն գործառույթը՝ ուղեկցել հավատացյալին՝ ապահովելով անցումը դեպի սրբազան տարածք ։ Հետևաբար, դրանց գեղարվեստական համակարգը միտված էր իմացական մակարդակում ներգործելու հավատացյալի վրա։ Քրիստոնեական առանցքային գաղափարների՝ դրախտի, փրկության, հավերժական կյանքի մասին պատկերացումները խորաններում ու շքամուտքերում արտահայտված են որոշակի հորինվածքի ու պատկերների օգնությամբ, որոնք անտեսանելի և անմեկնելի երևույթները դարձնում են շոշափելի ու ըմբռնելի:
The decoration system of the Canon Tables of the Armenian Gospel Books, and the portals of many churches have apparent iconographic similarities. It can be seen in the architectural and decorative compositions as well as in the analogous images of birds. The development of the decoration system of the Canon Tables and church portals has proceeded simultaneously; therefore, the iconographic and symbolic systems could be considered in the same context. Both the Canon Tables and portals have the same function and meaning: to lead believers into the other, sacred space. Consequentially, the artistic system aimed to have an effect on believers on a cognitive level. Symbols of Christian perceptions such as the Heaven, Salvation, and Immortality are expressed in the decoration of the Canon Tables and portals through certain compositions and images. They help with the materialization of unperceivable and inexpressible phenomena into tangible and comprehensible images.
Убранство таблиц канонов армянских рукописных Евангелий и порталов ряда средневековых церквей имеют общие принципы композиционного устройства и сходства иконографических деталей. Это проявляется как в архитектурной композиции, так и в элементах растительного и орнаментального декора, а также в изображении птиц. В средневековом искусстве развитие убранства хоранов и порталов шло параллельно, что позволяет рассматривать их в едином иконографическом и символическом контексте. И хораны, и порталы имели сходную функцию: служили порогом, символической границей перехода верующего в другое, священное пространство, трансформировали и подготавливали этот переход как физически, так и умозрительно. Поэтому художественная система оформления последних, наполненная такой символикой, определенным образом воздействовала на восприятие причастных. Главные христианские понятия, такие как рай, спасение души и вечная жизнь выражаются в композиции хоранов и порталов с помощью лаконичных и конкретных символов-изображений, делая невидимые и необъяснимые явления осязаемыми и понятными для средневекового человека.
Birey-Örgüt Uyumunun İş Tatminine Etkisinde Bireycilik-Kolektivizm Kültür Boyutunun Düzenleyici Rolü: INDCOL ve CVSCALE Kültür Ölçeklerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Ayyıldız Umut , Aykan Ebru
Published: October 2024

Birey-örgüt uyumu çalışmaları zamanla kültürlerarası boyut kazanmış ve kültürel özelliklerin, birey-örgüt uyumu ile iş tatmini gibi bazı iş tutumları arasındaki ilişkideki rolü çalışılmaya başlanmıştır. Ancak bireycilik-kolektivizm kültür boyutunun ele alındığı birey-örgüt uyumu araştırmalarında farklı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada da bireycilik-kolektivizm kültür boyutunun, birey-örgüt uyumu ile iş tatmini arasındaki muhtemel düzenleyicilik rolü araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada bireycilik ve kolektivizm özelliklerinin iki karşıt kutup mu (CVSCALE ölçeği), yoksa bir bireyde aynı anda var olabilen farklı sendromlar (INDCOL ölçeği) mı olduğuna yönelik tartışmalar da göz önüne alınarak, söz konusu kültür özelliğini ölçmek için iki farklı ölçek kullanılmış ve ölçekler arasında karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Balıkesir ilinde gıda sektöründe yer alan bir işletmenin 305 çalışanından elde edilen verilere dayanan araştırma sonucunda; birey-örgüt uyumunun iş tatminini olumlu yönde etkilediği, bireycilik kültür özelliğinin söz konusu bu etki üzerinde düzenleyici etkisinin bulunduğu ve çalışanların bireycilik kültür özelliği arttıkça, birey-örgüt uyumlarının iş tatminlerine olan olumlu etkisinin de yükseldiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Exploring Ancient and Alien Cereal Germplasms to Advance Sustainable Wheat Breeding for Enhanced Functional, Nutritional, and Sensory Quality
Authors: Olalekan Olawale
Published: October 2024

Global food security is increasingly threatened by numerous challenges, including widespread malnutrition. Nutritional deficiency, particularly in essential micronutrients such as Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe), affects over three billion people worldwide, with pregnant women and children being the most vulnerable. Wheat, as principal cereal crop, provides more than 50% of daily caloric for many populations, contributing essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. Wheat’s adaptability to diverse growing conditions and its wide production and consumption make it the most important staple crop globally, and a strong candidate for addressing nutritional deficiencies. However, enhancement of wheat’s quality traits is constrained by the limited genetic diversity within modern cultivars. In contrast, wild relatives and ancient cereals harbor significant genetic variation that can be exploited for crop improvement. Identifying, characterizing, and deploying key genetic loci for quality traits, facilitated by modern breeding tools such as marker-assisted selection (MAS),—offer pathways for the enhancement of both functional and nutritional qualities in wheat. This review examines the current understanding and advancements in wheat quality improvement, with an emphasis on ancient cereals and alien germplasms, and highlights the role of advanced breeding methodologies for optimizing the nutrition, sensory, and end-use qualities of wheat across different growing environments.
The Implementation of Interactive Learning Technologies in Medical Education: A Review
Authors: Khalid Raghad Waleed
Published: October 2024

At present, interest in the use of innovative methods and technologies that depend on the Internet has increased to develop medical education skills further, so this article aimed to describe the activities of blended learning using Interactive Learning because of its great importance in increasing the area of teaching and learning, which is one of the most important requirements for blended education in Iraq, so the importance of Interactive Learning and the types and methods used in its use in the field of education for the students of the medical group were highlighted.
Předpoklady a metodika prognózování úmrtnosti v projekci obyvatelstva Česka na období 2023 až 2100 z dílny ČSÚ
Authors: Hulíková Tesárková Klára , Mazouch Petr , Pola Adéla
Published: October 2024

Czechia has experienced a mortality decline in recent decades. To assess the position of Czechia in an international context and estimate possible future development, we defined a model population representing European mortality potential. This paper aims to briefly describe the principle of the model’s construction and its practical application to the population projection published by the Czech Statistical Office in 2023. We defined the European mortality potential for each calendar year as Europe's lowest achievable age-specific mortality rates. To apply this approach to the CZSO’s population projection, we constructed the European mortality potential for the years 1980–2019. We compared the age-specific mortality rates in Czechia in the same period to the potential in the form of excess mortality indexes. We were able to use these indexes to evaluate mortality development in Czechia and to construct the mortality component of the projection. Czechia lags behind the European mortality potential mainly at the ages 40–60 for men and 60–80 for women.
Efficiency of the Outpatient Diabetes Care System in Czechia: A Geodemographic Perspective
Authors: Brázová Kateřina , Šídlo Luděk , Bělobrádek Jan
Published: October 2024

The paper examines the intensity and structure of the use of health services and outlines the current functioning thereof in the context of diabetes care in Czechia. The aim is to assess the various healthcare aspects influenced by the settings of the Czech system. The patients studied had all been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and used health services in Czechia in 2019. The selected segments of the health system that concern the management of diabetes care comprise outpatient diabetology, general practice and internal medicine. A total of 466,679 patients were included. The variables of age, sex and size category of the municipality of residence of the patient were monitored in the follow-up of the use of outpatient diabetes care. Most diabetes patients used outpatient diabetologist services, whereas less than one-third of patients visited a general practitioner. Furthermore, a large proportion of patients was less likely to be referred to a medical examination than is recommended. Conversely, the overuse of healthcare was evident for those patients that required a higher level of specialization, particularly physicians with the same competencies. We assume that changes in the coordination and provision of diabetes care and an improvement in surveillance would enhance the efficiency of diabetes care and improve the response to the increase in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in the future.
Osoby rómskej národnosti podľa typu cenzovej domácnosti na Slovensku vo výsledkoch sčítania obyvateľov 2021
Authors: Šprocha Branislav
Published: October 2024

The aim of the article was to analyse the census households of persons of Roma nationality in Slovakia according to the results of the Population and Household Census 2021. Moreover, we also tried to point out some factors that could influence possible differences between the structure of the census households of the Roma and non-Roma population. Our results show that people of Roma nationality more often live in complete family households with dependent children and form their family at a younger age. Cohabiting couples also make up a significant portion of households. In the context of high non-marital fertility, single parent households are probably also a very important social group. Conversely, households of individuals are less common compared in the Roma than in the non-Roma population. A specific feature of Roma households is also the more frequent presence of men and women living in multi-person non-family households.
Індустрія 5.0 як інструмент забезпечення ефективного розвитку українських підприємств у період воєнних викликів
Authors: Рудан В. Я. , Підгаєць С. В.
Published: October 2024

На основі аналізу основних викликів, з якими стикаються українські підприємства в умовах війни, визначено роль Індустрії 5.0 як інструменту для підвищення їх ефективності та стійкості. Представлено результати дослідження впливу таких чинників, як руйнування інфраструктури, дефіцит робочої сили, вимушена релокація бізнесу, розриви ланцюгів постачання, фінансові труднощі, зміни ринкових умов та високий рівень нестабільності на діяльність підприємств різних галузей економіки. Окремо проаналізовано, як технології Індустрії 5.0 можуть допомогти подолати ці виклики та сприяти відновленню виробничих потужностей, забезпеченню безперервності бізнес-процесів, підвищенню обороноздатності країни та створенню нових можливостей для розвитку підприємств в умовах воєнних дій. Виявлено, що ключові технології Індустрії 5.0, зокрема автоматизація, штучний інтелект, колаборативні роботи, 3D- і 5D-друк, здатні значно покращити адаптаційний потенціал українських підприємств, компенсуючи дефіцит робочої сили, покращуючи ефективність виробничих процесів та знижуючи витрати на логістику та виробництво. Окрема увага приділена військово-промисловому комплексу України, який у цей період відіграє стратегічну роль у забезпеченні національної безпеки. У статті обґрунтовано, що впровадження Індустрії 5.0 у військово-промисловий комплекс може значно посилити обороноздатність країни, забезпечити швидку адаптацію до нових умов ведення бойових дій та сприяти модернізації військової інфраструктури. На основі проведеного аналізу розроблено практичні рекомендації щодо застосування технологій Індустрії 5.0 для покращення роботи підприємств у період воєнних викликів та післявоєнного відновлення економіки. Зокрема, запропоновано напрями використання інноваційних рішень для забезпечення безперервності виробничих процесів, розвитку людського капіталу та оптимізації взаємодії між підприємствами різних секторів економіки.
Консалтинг як інструмент оптимізації ціноутворення
Authors: Згурська О. М. , Нечитайло Б. С.
Published: October 2024

У даній статті досліджується вплив консалтингу на процес ціноутворення підприємств, акцентуючи увагу на ролі консалтингових послуг у підвищенні ефективності цінової політики компаній, що набуває особливої актуальності в умовах високої конкуренції та економічної нестабільності сучасного ринку України. Визначено важливість використання інтелектуальних активів підприємства і залучення зовнішніх експертних знань як одного з ключових факторів підвищення адаптивності та зміцнення позиції на ринку у постіндустріальній економіці. Метою дослідження є визначення впливу консалтингу на процес ціноутворення підприємств та окреслення ролі консалтингових послуг у підвищенні ефективності цінової політики. У дослідженні застосовано аналіз теоретичних підходів вітчизняних та зарубіжних науковців до визначення терміну "консалтинг" та узагальнено його трактування. Проведено аналіз показників прибутковості провідних консалтингових компаній "великої четвірки" для виявлення тенденцій у сфері експертних послуг. Нові дані стосуються систематизації напрямів консалтингових послуг та їхнього впливу на процес ціноутворення. Основна гіпотеза полягає в тому, що залучення консалтингу позитивно впливає на ефективність цінової політики підприємств. Методологія дослідження включає аналіз наукової літератури, статистичний аналіз фінансових показників консалтингових компаній та розробку таблиць і графіків для візуалізації даних. Встановлено, що використання консалтингових послуг сприяє оптимізації бізнес-процесів та вдосконаленню цінових стратегій підприємств. Виявлено потенційні ризики, пов'язані із залученням консалтингових послуг, які можуть виникати внаслідок недостатньої інтеграції зовнішніх рекомендацій у внутрішні процеси підприємства, що здатне вплинути на досягнення очікуваних результатів та ефективність управління ціновою політикою. Теоретичне значення дослідження полягає у поглибленні розуміння ролі консалтингу в процесі ціноутворення. Практичне значення полягає у можливості застосування отриманих результатів для підвищення ефективності цінової політики підприємств різних галузей. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у систематизації впливу різних напрямів консалтингових послуг на ціноутворення та управління ризиками, пов'язаними з їхнім використанням. Основні висновки підкреслюють важливість залучення зовнішніх експертів для досягнення стратегічних цілей в умовах мінливого ринку. Перспективи подальших досліджень полягають у детальному вивченні методів інтеграції консалтингових рекомендацій у діяльність підприємств та оцінці їхньої довгострокової ефективності. Стаття є теоретичною.
Comparing Urban Pattern and Characteristics of Different Towns in Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Periyar Maniyammai Institute of science and technology  Masters in Architecture, Narayanasamy Nivetha , Subramaniyam Dr.C.V ,   Periyar Maniyammai Institute of science and technology  Masters in Architecture, Babu Ar. N. Ramesh ,   Periyar Maniyammai Institute of science and technology  Masters in Architecture
Published: October 2024

This study is about how patterns and characteristics were made by history and also about the transformation of development and urban growth in the current condition of the cities. The study will explain the planning pattern and also the planning principles used during the ancient and modern periods and how they were implemented in these towns. In the ancient period, planning was based on permanent shastras, which were classified as Dandaka, Sarvatobhadra, Nandyavarta, Padmaka, Swasthika Prastara, Karmuka, and Chaturmukha. Later in the development of modern planning principles, they evolved and are classified as the concentric model, the sector model, a combination of the concentric and sector models, and the nuclei model. These planning concepts are different from the ancient ones. In Tamil Nadu, some of the oldest settlements (Srirangam, Thanjavur, Kumbakonam, and George Town) have unique characteristics of urban patterns, and this study mentioned the details of aspects such as street patterns, land use activities, and the transformation of those areas. The settlement is based on the needs of the people and describes cultural, economic, or social factors. This paper aims to analyse the pattern and characteristics and the development of towns that create any issues in a particular area. To find the problems that affect the urban pattern through the development of population and the built environment in the specific region. Key words: ancient planning, modern planning, urban pattern and characteristics, population
Eco-Friendly Infrastructure Development Employing Plastic Waste for Road Development: A Review
Authors:   Department of Civil Engg., Priyadarshini J.L. College of Engineering, Nagpur, Mohankar Mr. R. H
Published: October 2024

The issue of plastic waste creation is an environmental problem on a global scale. The current review collects literature regarding the use of plastic waste in road construction and its impact on ecological benefit and pavement performance. It has been noted that the introduction of plastic waste in bituminous mixtures enhances their binding properties, stability, density and water resistance while the replacement of traditional aggregates by plastic-coated ones and the application of modified bitumen enhances the roads limiting the emergence of potholes. The optimum percentage of plastic waste to be added varies from 5 to 15% by weight of bitumen based on the type of plastic and mix design. Coating plastic waste on aggregates has been shown to assist in increasing the bitumen-aggregate bond, reducing void content, increasing pavement life, decreasing the reliance on bitumen and improving resistance to heat and moisture degradation. This strategy resolves problems of plastic waste management and contributes to sustainable infrastructure advancement. However, there are still obstacles in the way of bringing the concept to practical applications segregate, automate and monitor the performance over time. It would be more beneficial for the future research to address smoothing and low temperature rutting effects of plastic waste, recyclable asphalt mixtures, and efficient production methods. Key Words: Plastics waste, Highway engineering, Bituminous mixtures, Pollution, Pavement quality, Waste disposal, Sustainability, Modified bitumen, Polymer aggregate, Green building materials.
Gibrat-törvényének vizsgálata a magyar borszőlő termelő vállalkozások esetén
Authors: Szerb Boglárka
Published: October 2024

Az ezredforduló után sok más piachoz hasonlóan a szőlő- és borágazat is nagy változáson ment keresztül. Ez a változás több tényező együttes hatásából alakult ki, melyben szerepet játszott a rendszerváltás gazdasági hatása, a túltermelés, a fogyasztás csökkenés, a piaci igények és trendek változása, a bortermelő országok bővülése, a klímaváltozás és egyéb gazdasági események. A hagyományos, európai bortermelő országok termőterületei látványosan csökkentek a rendszerváltástól kezdődően majd az európai uniós szabályozások még inkább megerősítették ezt a folyamatot. Ezzel szemben az újvilági országok szőlő- és bortermelő területei rohamos növekedésbe kezdtek, ezzel egyre nagyobb teret nyertek a nemzetközi borpiac kínálati oldalán is. A fogyasztói igények is megváltoztak, a mennyiség helyett a minőség került előtérbe, melyhez a hazai borágazatnak is alkalmazkodnia kellett, hogy versenyképes maradjon külföldön, és itthon is az export borok mellett. Hazánkban a bortermelésnek és fogyasztásnak évszázadokra visszanyúló kultúrája van, igaz az ezredforduló után csökkent a termelés és a fogyasztás is, ami a minőség előtérbe kerülése és a különböző uniós és hazai támogatások és szabályozások okoztak. Hazánk hét borrégiójában huszonkettő borvidék található, és azon belül számtalan borászati vállalkozás üzemel különböző gazdasági méretben. A tanulmányban először röviden bemutatom a nemzetközi és hazai borágazat helyzetét, majd a Gibrat törvényét ismertetem. Végezetül saját kutatási eredményemet mutatom be a magyar borágazat növekedésével kapcsolatban.
Mikrotanúsítványokkal kapcsolatos kérdések a felsőoktatásban
Authors: Tolnai Ágnes
Published: October 2024

A mikrotanúsítványok új jelenségek a felsőoktatásban. A felnőttképzés keretei között az élethosszig tartó tanulást támogató, egyes kompetenciaelemek megszerzéséről szóló tanúsítványok a felsőoktatásban is megjelennek. A jogszabályi környezet folyamatosan alakul, jelen tanulmány írásának idején is a nemzeti felsőoktatásról szóló 2011. évi CCIV. törvény módosításáról szóló javaslatot tárgyalja az Országgyűlés. A részletszabályok sora várat még magára, azonban az intézményi gondolkodás megkezdéséhez már rendelkezésre állnak a sarokpontok. Jelen tanulmány célja ezen sarokpontok, alappillérek és a közöttük lévő kapcsolat bemutatása.
Assessing welfare in developing countries before, during, and after Covid-19 using actual household data: The case of Mozambique
Authors:   University of Copenhagen, Salvucci Vincenzo Salvucc , Tarp Finn
Published: October 2024

In this study we utilise data from two household budget surveys conducted in Mozambique in 2019/20 and in 2022. Our aim is to assess the differentiated impact of Covid-19 on household welfare in this period. To establish a baseline, we use data from the first quarter of the 2019/20 survey, which was unaffected by the pandemic. Considering the varying exposure to Covid-19, we also investigate the distinct dynamics that unfolded across different regions and areas within the country. Employing an inverse probability weighted regression adjustment approach, we compare welfare metrics during different pandemic phases. Our findings reveal that, at national level, consumption levels and poverty rates worsened during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to the pre-Covid-19 period, partially recovering at the end of the pandemic. However, the national dynamics hide strongly diverging trends between, on the one hand, rural areas and the northern region, where consumption and poverty improved in 2022, even with respect to pre-Covid-19, and, on the other hand, urban areas and the southern region, where consumption and poverty were strongly affected during the initial phases of the pandemic but did not recover by 2022, instead worsening after the final and most challenging stages of Covid-19.
Does nutrition-sensitive social protection build long-term resilience? Experimental evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Akhter U. , Bakhtiar M. Mehrab , Hoddinot John , Roy Shalini
Published: October 2024

Our mission is to build evidence, insights, and solutions that help end extreme poverty globally. We aim to contribute to new global and national data and evidence that governments, decision makers, citizens, and researchers can use to improve people’s lives and support the world’s poorest people in their efforts to escape extreme poverty. We are a consortium of the Universities of Cornell, Copenhagen, and Southampton led by Oxford Policy Management, in partnership with the World Bank’s Development Data Group and funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.
Evident gap between generative artificial intelligence as an academic editor compared to human editors in scientific publishing
Authors: Sallam Malik , Al-Mahzoum Kholoud , Marzoaq Omar , Alfadhel Mohammad , Al-Ajmi Amer , Al-Ajmi Mansour , Al-Hajeri Mohammad , Barakat Muna
Published: October 2024

The labyrinthine process of manuscript evaluation in scientific publishing often delays disseminating timely research results. Generative Artificial Intelligence (genAI) models could potentially enhance efficiency in academic publishing. However, it is crucial to scrutinize the reliability of genAI in simulating human editorial decisions. This study analyzed 34 manuscripts authored by the corresponding author, involving initial editorial decisions from six publishers across 28 journals. Two genAI models, ChatGPT-4o and Microsoft Copilot, assessed these manuscripts using tailored prompts. The correlation between genAI and actual human editorial decisions was evaluated using Kendall’s τb. The original decision-making speed and the quality of genAI outputs evaluated by the CLEAR tool were recorded. Editorial decision-making by genAI models was instantaneous, compared to the editors’ average of 21.6±31.1 days. Both models achieved high scores on the CLEAR tool, averaging 4.8±0.4 for ChatGPT-4o and 4.8±0.5 for Copilot. Despite these efficiencies, there was no significant correlation between the genAI and human decisions (τb=0.121, P=.487 for ChatGPT-4o; τb=0.197, P=.258 for Copilot), nor between the decisions of the two genAI models (τb=0.318, P=.068). This preliminary study indicated that genAI models can expedite the editorial process with high-quality outputs. However, genAI has not yet achieved the accuracy of human editors in decision-making.
The influence of professional ethics, competency, integrity, skeptism and experience on audit quality with independence and risk based audit as intervening variables and artificial intellegance audit as a moderation variable at financial and development supervisory board in East Kalimantan
Authors: Muslimin Muslimin , Ratnawati Tri , Riyadi Slamet
Published: October 2024

Professional ethics has a positive and significant effect on independence. Professional ethics has a positive and significant effect on Risk Based Audit. Professional ethics has a negative and insignificant effect on audit quality. Competence has a positive and significant effect on independence. Competence has a positive and significant effect on risk based audit. Competence has a positive and significant effect on audit quality. Integrity has a positive and significant effect on independence. Experience has a positive and significant effect on independence. Experience has a positive and significant effect on risk based audits . Experience has a positive and insignificant effect on audit quality. Independence has a positive and significant effect on audit quality. Risk based audit has a positive and significant effect on audit quality. Audit Artificial Intelligence has a positive but not significant moderating effect on (Y1) Independence on (Y3) Audit Quality. Artificial Intelligence Audit has a positive but not significant moderating effect on (Y2) Risk Based Audit on (Y3) Audit Quality. Researchers provide advice to the East Kalimantan BPKP Representative to always maintain professional ethics, improve their competence, maintain integrity as an auditor, increase skepticism and increase their experience in auditing and be able to maintain their independence and be able to control risk-based audits.