bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abidjan, Metropole Nationale Et Internationale
Authors: Yao YAO Mathieu , David BRENOUM Kouakou , Koffi ATTA Lazare
Published: July 2022

Abidjan is a city that has known an exceptional destiny. It has known thanks to its port, an extraordinary development polarizing a vast demographic pool which goes beyond national borders. This rapid and continuous development from 1950 resulted from an influx of migrants, a large proportion of whom were foreigners. The engine of the spatial expansion of the city was above all the effort to create equipment and port and industrial spaces. Everything is done to make Abidjan a growth pole and a reflection of Ivorian urbanization. It has become in less than a century a great African metropolis, which is growing year after year. This article aims to show the features of the Abidjan metropolis. To achieve this, first-hand observation and documentary research were carried out. It emerges from this analysis that the centralization of trade and administration in this city and the shortcomings of the distribution system in the interior of the country confirm the industrialists in the idea that the Ivorian capital remains the best place for investment. This overwhelming primacy over others at all levels leads to rapid demographic and spatial growth. Today, Abidjan is a megacity due to its size, extent and population. It currently has nearly 5 million inhabitants (RGPH, 2014). With its 70,000 ha, it is five times larger than Paris, capital of France and the largest French-speaking city in West Africa (Chenal, 2009, p.114).
The role of gut microflora dysbiosis in clinical manifestation of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Authors: Khachidze Tatia , Barbakadze Gocha , Sulaberidze Gela , Burnadze Koba
Published: July 2022

Background and aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of gut microbiota with wide variety of clinical manifestations of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Methods: The study enrolled 133 cases of patients with NAFLD/NASH who were diagnosed at Enmedic Clinic, Tbilisi/Georgia and carried out between May 2017 and May 2021. Patients were 21-65 years of age attending our clinic. Patients were diagnosed with NASH/NAFLD based on fibroscan of liver and ultrasound investigation, and additionaly for NASH with raised serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartat aminotrasnferase (AST) levels greater than upper limit of normal (40 IU/ ml).  Trial profile of patients is shown on figure 1.

10 patients loss follow up The 123 patients were divided into three groups. Group A (61 patients) was diagnosed with NAFLD, the    42 patients of group B were diagnosed with NASH and group C (control) were 20 healthy volunteers.

Results: Family Enterobacteriaceae, family Lactobacillaceae, and genus Bacteroides like Streptococcus were increased in patients with NAFLD/NASH compared with controls, also uncultured Clostridiales as well as entero-hemolytic Escherichia Coli were increased, whereas genus Faecalibacterium, and genus Bifidobacterium as well as hemolytic Enterococcus faecalis were decreased in patients with NAFLD/NASH. Significant loss of beneficial bacteria for intestinal barrier function like Faecalibacterium was observed. The diversity of the microbiota was decreased in patients compared with controls.

Conclusions:  This study found that the gut microbiota play a large role in the development of NAFLD/NASH.  NAFLD developed in the initially in patients with significant dysbiosis.  It suggests also that the gut microbiome correction may be beneficial for the treatment of patients with NAFLD/NASH.
Impact of Covid- 19 Pandemic Lockdown on Social-Economic Development in Rivers State.
Authors: Doreen Kobani , Lolo Sax Fubara Hailsham,
Published: July 2022

This study examined the Impact of COVD-19 Pandemic Lockdown on Social-economic Development in Rivers State. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study comprises 1,479 leaders and 9,783 members of registered Community Based Organizations (CBOs) in the three senatorial districts of Rivers State making a total of 11,262. The proportionate sampling technique was used to select the sample size of 1,496 respondents made up of 437 leaders and 1,059 members. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on Social-Economic Development Assessment Questionnaire (ICPLSEQAQ). The reliability of the instrument was determined through a pilot study, while Cronbach Alpha Statistic Method was used to establish the reliability coefficient (r) value of 0.78. Four research questions were posed to guide the study. The research questions were analysed with mean and standard deviation statistic.The findings from the study revealed that COVID-19 pandemic lockdown control measures had negative impact on the educational development, health care services, agricultural productivity, and supply of goods/services for small scale businesses in Rivers State. Based on the findings, the study recommended amongst others that government at all levels should prioritise education by providing ICT gadgets as alternative ways of learning and training students and teachers on how to use it for learning to avoid being left behind in terms emergency situations like that of COVID-19 Pandemic.
Reflections on Lament Of 30 % Matric Pass Mark In South African Schools
Authors: Sabelo Velenkosini Msweli
Published: July 2022

This study examines the minimum matric pass mark of 30 percent in South African schools which has remained one of the most worrisome concerns in the education sector in terms of the quality of education delivered by schools and the number of pupils produced each year. The 30 percent figure contradicts one of Department of Basic Education's core objectives, which is to commit to quality, because 30 percent cannot reach perfection. Therefore this study's primary aim was to show reflections on lament on 30 percent matric pass mark in South African schools and the predicted end result of this 30 percent matric pass mark if it is not adjusted. The long-term goal of the project was to investigate the implications of maintaining the matriculation cut-off score of 30 percent rather than raising it to a threshold of 50 percent. This study make use of content analysis to analyse data from social media that include Facebook, twitter and blogs post. The results made it clear that there is a need for the government to take education seriously by upgrading the pass rate from 30 percent going up, the study shows that the policy should be reviewed or amended with a minimum pass mark of 50 percent in order for learners to be able to qualify for NSC on HC entrance requirements. The results shows that with at 50% pass mark learners will have various opportunities, such as continuing their education in tertiary education or entering the job market. The study suggests recommendations such as the matric learners must be awarded certificate based on 100 percent exam percentage by removing 25 percent of school based assessment as it counts to the final promotion mark in Grade 12..
Capital Structure, Investment Decision and Financial Performance of SMEs in Uganda
Authors: Abanis Turyahebwa , Eliab Mpora Byamukama , Sunday Arthur , Eton Marus
Published: July 2022

The paper explored the relationship between capital structure, investment decision and financial performance of SMEs in Uganda a case of Central Uganda. The study adopted a descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational design. The sample size was 226 SMEs in Central Uganda.
The findings point to a moderate significant positive relationship between capital structure, investment decision and financial performance of SMEs. Capital structure and financial performance of SMEs (r = 0.642, P-value = 0.000), investment decision and financial
performance of SMEs (r = 0.488, P-value = 0.000).
 
From the results, we confirm that capital structure, investment decision, predict up to 66.2% of the change in financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Central Uganda.
The results show good model fits and fig.2 defines the model of capital structure and investment decisions on financial performance of SMEs in Uganda and is encompassed of 4 proportions of capital structure in terms of Equity, Long term Debt, Short term debt as well as investment decisions and their predictive power on financial performance of SMEs in Uganda. Figure 2 and table 1 and 2 clearly indicate that capital structure and investment decisions are significantly associated with return on assets (ROA) which in turn leads to improved financial performance.   
The study recommends an appropriate mix of capital structure coupled with premeditated investment decisions so as to have improved financial performance of SMEs in Uganda.
The current study underwrites to academic research by providing empirical proof to support theories pertinent to the elucidation of financial performance. The study was anchored on Pecking Order theory together with Modigliani&Miller theory and the results depict the behaviours that managers have while making decisions concerning capital structure and investment decisions. With such, the precursors of capital structure, investment decisions on financial performance of SMEs in Uganda and other related developing countries has been revealed.
Climate Change Adaptation Measures and Constraints among Smallholder Food Crop Farmers in Sayo and Dale Sedi District, Ethiopia
Authors: Terefe Melkamu Kena
Published: July 2022

Background: In contemporary world food crop production is under pressure due to change in climate. In developing nation climate change is a treat both in food crop production and food security. Analysing farmers’ climate change adaptation measures and understanding the barriers provides clear guidance to address constraints that impede food crop producers’ adaptation. Methods: A stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 200 food crop producers for primary data gathering. The multinomial logit model was used to determine the factors that affect the selection of adaptation measures to climate change and factor analysis was used to identify factors that impede food crop producers’ ability to adapt to climate change. Result: The result of the multinomial logit model shows that various socio-economic factors (family size, education, climate change awareness, farming experience, nonfarm income, farm size, distance to farmland, extension services and access to credit) influence farmers’ choices regarding climate change adaptation strategies in the study area. The result of the varimax rotate principal component analysis found four factors that are detrimental to food crop producers in adapting to climate change. These principal constraints are institution and government, technology and inputs, information and knowledge and belief, culture and participation as factors that hinder farmers from adapting to climate change. Thus, there is room for government and development partners to strengthen the adaptive capacities of farmers by resolving problems related to institutions, government policy, technology, inputs availability and information regarding climate change to minimize the potential impact and loss in the future.
Factor and Discriminant Analyses in the Morphostructure of Batur and Wonosobo Sheep Breeds
Authors: Ibrahim Alek , Budisatria I Gede Suparta , Baliarti Endang , Putra Widya Pintaka Bayu , Margawati Endang Tri , Atmoko Bayu Andri , Artama Wayan Tunas , Widayanti Rini
Published: July 2022

Background: Batur and Wonosobo sheep are two Indonesian indigenous sheep breeds from Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to describe and discriminate the morphostructure of Batur sheep and Wonosobo sheep with body measurements and body indices. Methods: Fourteen body measurements and nine body indices were measured from 37 Batur and 83 Wonosobo sheep. Two statistical methods of factor and discriminant analyses were computed with SPSS 25.0 program to describe the sheep’s morphostructure and characterization. Result: The factor analysis in body measurements was obtained three principal components (PCs) that explain about 76.58% (Wonosobo sheep) and 73.51% (Batur sheep) of the total variance in animals’ morphostructure. Meanwhile, the factor analysis in body indices was obtained on three PCs that explain about 79.16% (Batur sheep) and 95.57% (Wonosobo sheep) of the total variance in animals’ morphostructure. About 95.2% of Wonosobo sheep and 92.7% of Batur sheep can be classified with body measurements (RW, SW, EL, EW, RH and TL). Meanwhile, about 75.7% of Batur sheep and 80.7% of Wonosobo sheep can be classified with body indices (TI and CI). In conclusion, Batur and Wonosobo sheep can be accurately characterized by their body measurements.
Application of Stress Indices to Identify Terminal Heat Tolerance Genotype in Field Pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense)
Authors: Seepal Yashwant Singh , Sharma Vijay , Singh C.M. , Shukla Gaurav , Gangwar Vaishali , . Kamaluddin , Singh Shalesh Kumar
Published: July 2022

Background: The exposure of field pea crop to high-temperature stress during the anthesis and pod development stage led to poor pollination, development of shriveled pods and poor performance that results in reduced seed yield. The study aims to screen and identify heat-tolerant genotypes based on stress tolerance indices. One hundred forty-three field pea genotypes, including three checks evaluated in augmented block design for seed yield per plant under normal and late sown conditions to identify terminal heat-tolerant genotypes of field pea. Methods: Stress indices were computed based on seed yield per plant under normal (Yp) and late (Ys) sown conditions. The stress indices for seed yield are calculated as per the suggested method i.e. tolerance index (Hossain et al., 1990), heat susceptibility index (Fischer and Maurer, 1978), yield stability index (Bouslama and Schapaugh, 1984), mean productivity (Hossain et al., 1990), geometric mean productivity (Fernandez, 1992), stress tolerance index (Fernandez, 1992). Correlation coefficient and principal component analysis were done by using R (version 4.1.1) statistical software. Result: Correlation coefficient analysis reveals that seed yield under stress conditions was positively correlated with the indices viz., MP, GMP, STI and YSI whereas, it was negatively correlated with HSI, signifying that higher estimates of MP, GMP, STI and YSI and lower of HSI correspond to heat tolerance. The seed yield under both environments had a positive and significant association with MP, GMP and STI. Genotypes viz., EC-341743, P-1679, P-1384-3, P-179 and P-781 were found with high indices scores and showing their suitability for the breeding program for heat tolerance. The first two principal components (PCs) accounted for 97.46% of the total variation present in the genotype.
Ekonomik Büyüme, Enerji Tüketimi ve Küreselleşme Sürecinin Ekolojik Ayak İzi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Kardaşlar Ahmet
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışma Türkiye ekonomisi için ekonomik büyüme, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik küreselleşme sürecinin ekolojik ayak izi üzerindeki etkilerini 1980-2017 yıllık dönemleri için araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Analizler, Fourier ADF birim kök testi ve Fourier gecikmesi dağıtılmış (ADL) eşbütünleşme yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fourier ADL eşbütünleşme bulguları ekolojik ayak izi ile ekonomik büyüme, enerji tüketimi, nüfus yoğunluğu ve ekonomik küreselleşme süreci arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığına işaret etmektedir. Son olarak dinamik en küçük kareler (DEKK) tahmincisinden elde edilen uzun dönemli katsayılar ise ekonomik büyüme ve enerji tüketimi ile ekolojik ayak izi arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ekonomik küreselleşme süreci ve nüfus yoğunluğu parametreleri ise pozitif fakat istatistiksel olarak anlamsız katsayılara sahiptir. Bu anlamda Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir bir ekolojik sistemin varlığı için, fosil yakıt kaynaklarının kullanımının azaltılması, üretim süreçlerinde çevre odaklı teknolojilerin yaygınlaştırılması ve çevresel politikaların etkin bir şekilde uygulanması hayati bir rol oynamaktadır.
PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB ANAK-ANAK BERBASIS SITUS DARING (PENDEKATAN MAHARAH LUGHAWIYYAH)
Authors: Annafiri Ahmad Zaki
Published: July 2022

The era of technological disruption has now touched various sectors, one of which is the education sector, especially Arabic language education. Arabic teachers need great attention so that students can adapt to the rapid changes in technology. However, most students have not been able to take advantage of access to technology optimally. This study aims to analyze Arabic learning online sites from the four aspects of maharah lughawiyyah, advantages and disadvantages, and aspects of financing. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with content analysis. The primary sources of this research are 8 recommended online Arabic learning sites. The secondary sources are books, journals, and other references related to maharah lughah arabiyyah. This research shows, from the aspect of maharah lughawiyah, the only site that trains all aspects is nahwawanahil.com, while there are no other sites that provide specific aspects of maharah kalam training. For the other three maharah, 6 sites provide it in full. Only belarabyapps.com does not cover the three maharah, but only trains the maharah qiraah and the book. From the aspect of financing, only the sites arabiyah.net and belarabyapps.com provide it for free, while apart from these two, it requires a registration and financing system that needs adult assistance. However, the eight sites are worthy of being used as references for learning Arabic, especially for the online site category.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PAIKEM (PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF, INOVATIF, KREATIF, EFEKTIF DAN MENYENANGKAN)
Authors: Maujud Fathul , Nurman Muhammad , Sultan Sultan
Published: July 2022

The basic principle of teaching is to guide students' learning activities so that they are willing to learn. Student activity is very necessary in learning activities so that students should be active a lot, because students as subjects are the ones who plan, and they themselves carry out learning. This paper discusses the application of the PAIKEM learning model at MAS Assolihiyah Lopan. While the benefits are as information input for education practitioners (teachers and madrasah principals) regarding the importance of implementing the PAIKEM learning model, and as study material for stakeholders for decision-making references, especially those directly related to the problem of teaching and learning activities in madrasas, especially regarding the application of the PAIKEM learning model in schools. madrasa. The results of this study provide positive implications and impacts for teachers at MAS As-Sholihiyah Lopan, namely understanding the PAIKEM learning model and being able to apply it in the teaching and learning process in the classroom. Although there are still cases of teachers teaching using a conventional approach, namely teaching dominated by the lecture method. Thus, madrasas still need guidance in order to dismantle the teacher-centered teaching paradigm into student-centered learning.
KAFÂATU AT-THULLABI BI QAWÂIDI AN-NAHWI WA-SHARFI WA’ALÂQATIHÂ LIQUDROTIHIM ‘ALA QIRÂATIL KUTÂBI AL-ASFARI (AT-TURATSI)
Authors: Iwan Hadi Saputra Iwan Hadi Saputra , Bin Che Omar Mustafa , Suparmanto Suparmanto
Published: July 2022

This study aims to examine and discuss how the impact of understanding and mastery of students on the rules of nahwu and shorof and the learning process at the al-Majidiyyah NW Majidi Islamic boarding school, East Lombok. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using interviews and documentation. The results of this study are: 1) The learning process of nahwu and shorof in al-Majidiyyah Islamic boarding school NW Majidi is divided into two, namely there are inside the classroom, and some are outside the classroom or extracurricular activities. 2) Understanding and The students' mastery of the nahwu and shorof rules has a very good impact and effect on their ability and fluency in reading and understanding classical book literature or the yellow book, and also with their mastery of the nahwu and shorof rules further motivates them in reading the turats books which have been they don't understand this yet, 3) For students who already understand and master the nahwu-shorof rules more it is easy to answer every Arabic exam questions held by Madrasah Institutions and also their scores in each Arabic exam have an average of 80 to 90, 4) And lastly, with their ability to read the yellow book then it will make it easier for them to continue their studies to Islamic universities both domestically and abroad such as in the Middle East in Egypt, Yemen, Sudan and so on in all universities that use Arabic as their language of instruction.
Identifying Spam Activity on Public Facebook Pages
Authors: Azri Hakim , Belbachir Hafida , Guerroudji Meddah Fatiha
Published: July 2022

Since their emergence, online social networks (OSNs) keep gaining popularity. However, many related problems have also arisen, such as the use of fake accounts for malicious activities. In this paper, we focus on identifying spammers among users that are active on public Facebook pages. We are specifically interested in identifying groups of spammers sharing similar URLs. For this purpose, we built an initial dataset based on all the content that has been posted upon feed posts on a set of public Facebook pages with high numbers of subscribers. We assumed that such public pages, with hundreds of thousands of subscribers and revolving around a common attractive topic, make an ideal ground for spamming activity. Our first contribution in this paper is a reliable methodology that helps in identifying potential spammer and non-spammer accounts that are likely to be tagged as, respectively, spammers/non-spammers upon manual verification. For that aim, we used a set of features characterizing spam activity with a coring method. This methodology, combined with manual human validation, successfully allowed us to build a dataset of spammers and non-spammers. Our second contribution is the analysis of the identified spammer accounts. We found that these accounts do not display any community-like behavior as they rarely interact with each other, and are slightly more active than non-spammers during late-night hours, while slightly less active during daytime hours. Finally, our third contribution is the proposal of a clustering approach that successfully detected 16 groups of spammers in the form of clusters of spam accounts sharing similar URLs.
Analysis of Key Factors Influencing Smart Court Development Based on Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory
Authors: Min Jing
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes the state of the art in the development of smart courts in China since 2016 and explores the factors affecting the development of smart courts in China based on DEcision MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) models. The direct influence relationships between the factors were determined by data extracted from a questionnaire survey. Based on the resulting composite influence matrix, it was deduced that the factors that influence smart court development involve three groups: intrinsic factors, including pre-planning, promotion, network service, and the five main functional systems; transitional factors, including data collection, operation and maintenance, update; and proximate factors, including investment intention, equipment, and monitoring system. Drawing on the conclusion, this paper argues that the development of data collection, equipment, and monitoring system should be the priority in the smart court development, and a benign circulation will be achieved when the five main systems of smart courts are well-established as they can attract talents, investment, and other important factors.
Tryptophan in banana peel (Musa paradisiaca) as an anti-dementia alternative treatment: A narrative review
Authors: Lustikaiswi Daffara Kinanthi , Yuliani Sapto , Annura Rahmah , Rahmadani Elmi
Published: July 2022

As the prevalence of dementia increases from year to year, the discovery and invention of preventive measures are growing increasingly urgent. Banana peels contain tryptophan, an amino acid that plays a substantial role in the mechanism of dementia prevention, yet under-utilized for this purpose. Tryptophan acts as a precursor to serotonin and kynurenine. The serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetate or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), can degrade amyloid-ß (Aß) oligomers, a peptide group of 36–43 amino acids derived from amyloid precursor protein found in people with Alzheimer's disease. The degradation of brain cells through the increase of neprilysin (NEP) and melatonin inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK3ß) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-?ß) by reducing the decrease in peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1). Meanwhile, in the kynurenine pathway, kynurenic acid (KYNA) also induces the NEP gene, thus preventing Aß.
Prevention of noise induced hearing loss in worker: A literature review
Authors: Setyawan Febri Endra Budi
Published: July 2022

Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a hearing loss due to noise that exceeds the hearing threshold limit value (TLV) in a work environment. Impacts of this disorder are decreased concentration, fatigue, headaches, sleep disturbances, and loss of job. Therefore, it is very important for industry stakeholders and workers to understand about the NIHL, so they can prevent and rehabilitate  this problem. Risk factors that affect degrees of severity of deafness are noise intensity, frequency, duration of exposure per day, length of work, individual sensitivity, age and other factors that can cause deafness. Based on this, it can be understood that an amount of received exposure of noise energy will be similarly proportional as obtained damage. In general, NIHL cannot be cured but can be prevented and rehabilitated. Its prevention can be by applying hearing conservation program (HCP) such as noise measurement procedure, noise control, periodic audiometry measurement, hearing protection, worker education, recording, and evaluation. Some of benefits that can be obtained from the hearing conservation program are as a guide to diagnose hearing loss to prevent health impacts from noise exposure.
Chronic kidney dissease and complex urinary tract infection in children with left renal agenesis : A case report
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Wibowo Tunjung , Rusmawatiningtyas Desy , Hermawan Kristia
Published: July 2022

Child with left renal agenesis fulfill the diagnostic criteria for chronic kidney disease due to its structural abnormalities that lasted for more than three months. It is important to monitored the disease progression and also growth, development and quality of life in children with chronic disease. Management of other risk factors that can accelerate disease progression must be carried out comprehensively. The patient's was 9 months old girl with stage I chronic kidney disease and also having recurrent complex urinary tract infections with left renal agenesis. The interventions was  to identify other abnormalities of the urinary tract and syndromic disorders, prevention of urinary tract infection (UTI) recurrence, prevention of renal injury, renal scaring and dietary education. After 18 months of observation there was no urinary tract abnormality in imaging results, there was one episode of mild  recurrent UTI, no renal injury and there was no sign of renal scaring. The final outcome was no significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), growth and development was good and good quality of life. The immunizations was given as scheduled. Monitoring and multidisciplinary intervention of prognostic variables such as urinary tract and syndromic disorders, recurrence UTI, renal injury, renal scaring and diet in children with chronic kidney disease are important for optimal outcome. No decrease of GFR, good growth, development and optimal quality of life and also knowing the progression of  chronic kidney disease was the final outcomes of the intervention.
Threat of obesity behind COVID-19
Authors: Aini Nur
Published: July 2022

No abstract
The decrease of histomorphometry and function of pancreas in male albino rats after induced by sleep deprivation
Authors: Arjadi Fitranto , Gumilas Nur Signa Aini , Harini Ika Murti , Samodro Pugud , Andromeda Andromeda
Published: July 2022

Background: Sleep disturbance accelerates type 2 diabetes mellitus by reducing insulin secretion and by the occurrence of difficulty in controlling sleep behaviour in humans so that it is necessary conduct a study by using experimental animals.Objective: This study aims to determine histophotometric differences of pancreas and differences of glucose tolerance in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) after induced by stress paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and total sleep deprivation (TSD). Methods: This study applied a post-test only with control groups consisting of 30 male albino rats (Wistar strain) divided randomly into 3 groups: control group, PSD group and TSD group. The mean number and diameter of islets of Langerhans were calculated per slide and were averaged for each group at a magnification of 400 X. The percentage of beta cells in one islet of Langerhans was (ß-p) that was a number of normal beta cells (Bn) divided for the total beta cells (Bt) (normal and damaged) x 100%. The glucose level based on the sampling time was made a curve shape, and the area under the 0-to-120-minute curves (AUC0-120) was calculated by using a trapezoidal formula.Results: The lowest AUC0-120 level of glucose was the control group (14,082 ± 955mg/dL) and the highest was the TSD group (16,293 ± 2,195 mg/dL); the Post-Hoc LSD test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the control-PSD group and the TSD-control group. The mean result of pancreatic ß cells mass with the lowest number was in the TSD group (76.3 ± 4.8), and the highest result was in the control group (94.3 ± 2.7); Post-Hoc LSD showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the control-PSD group and the TSD-control group. The lowest mean in cell diameter of islets of Langerhans was in the TSD group (0.132 ± 0.031 mm), and the highest mean was in the control group (0.213 ± 0.019 mm). Conclusion: Sleep deprivation could reduce pancreatic ß cell mass and cell diameter of islets of Langerhans and increase glucose tolerance levels.
Effect of antiretroviral therapy to liver function of people living with HIV/AIDS patients in West Papua
Authors: Widiyanti Mirna , Adiningsih Setyo , Natalia Evi Iriani , Purba Dedi Ananta
Published: July 2022

Background : Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is one of the efforts to combat HIV/AIDS in Indonesia, especially West Papua. One of the side effects using ARV is impaired liver function in People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). ARV therapy evaluation to liver disorders can be seen from the Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT)/ Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) level.Objective : To find out the effect of ARV Fixed Dosed Combination (FDC) to liver function of PLWHA patients in West Papua.Methods : A cross-sectional study, involving 110 respondents who were PLWHA patients receiving ARV at Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) service of hospital in Manokwari, Sorong, and Fak-fak. Laboratory tests was used to examine the liver function. Other variable data were obtained from medical records. The Fisher Exact Test with a significance level of <0.05 was used to determine the effect of ARV to liver function.Results : Respondents had no liver problems with normal SGOT and SGPT values, i.e. 72,7% and 76.4%, respectively. While, the rest had mild and moderate toxicity. Respondent experiencing moderate toxicity was 2 patients who regularly took FDC in Sorong.Conclussion : The FDC using in ARV therapy did not significantly influence the increase of SGOT and SGPT on PLWHA patients in West Papua.
Antimicrobial compound from Trichoderma harzianum, an endophytic fungus associated with ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Authors: Harwoko Harwoko , Lee Jungho , Daletos Georgios , Feldbrügge Michael , Kalscheuer Rainer , Proksch Peter
Published: July 2022

Background: Genus Trichoderma of fungal kingdom are largely used as biological control agents due to broad-spectrum activity against plant pathogens.Objective: This study aimed to investigate Trichoderma harzianum, an endophytic fungus obtained from ginger (Zingiber officinale) leaves.Methods: The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were deduced on the basis of UV, 1H NMR and MS data analyses, as well as comparison with literature.Results: Two known tetramic acid derivatives were isolated from this fungus, including harzianic acid (A) and isoharzianic acid (B). Compound B inhibited the growth of a corn pathogenic fungus, Ustilago maydis, with inhibition zone diameter (39 ± 0.33 mm) larger than nystatin (29 mm). Additionally, iso-HA (B) revealed antibacterial effect towards Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 25 µM. However, both compounds showed no cytotoxicity against human cervical and ovarian cancer cell lines.Conclusion: T. harzianum produced antimicrobial compound like iso-HA which has potential application either in agricultural or health.
Serum Glucose Variability Increases the Risk of Complications Following Aseptic Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Goh Graham S. , Shohat Noam , Abdelaal Mohammad S. , Small Ilan , Thomas Terence , Ciesielka Kerri-Anne , Parvizi Javad
Published: July 2022

Background:

Increased serum glucose variability has been proposed as a risk factor for perioperative morbidity and mortality. Given the greater surgical complexity and complication risk of revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA), previous findings may not be generalizable to the revision population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between glucose variability and postoperative complications following aseptic revision TJA.

Methods:

We identified 1,983 patients who underwent an aseptic revision TJA (636 total knee arthroplasties [TKAs] and 1,347 total hip arthroplasties [THAs]) from 2001 to 2019. Patients with ≥2 postoperative glucose values per day or ≥3 values during hospitalization were included in this study. Glucose variability was assessed using the coefficient of variation (COV). Outcomes included length of hospital stay, 90-day complications, mortality, and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) as defined by the 2018 International Consensus Meeting criteria. Multivariate regression was used to determine the association between glucose variability and each end point, using COV as continuous and categorical variables (that is, COV tertiles).

Results:

Patients with high glycemic variability were at 1.7 times greater risk for 90-day complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.664 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.266 to 2.188]; p < 0.001) and 2 times greater risk for PJI at a minimum 1-year follow-up (OR, 1.984 [95% CI, 1.270 to 3.100]; p = 0.003). The risk of 90-day complications increased by 2.2% (OR, 1.022 [95% CI, 1.012 to 1.032]; p < 0.001) and the risk of PJI increased by 1.8% (OR, 1.018 [95% CI, 1.003 to 1.034]; p = 0.013) for every percentage-point increase in COV. Patients with higher glucose variability also had a longer length of stay (beta, 1.028 days [95% CI, 0.590 to 1.466 days]; p < 0.001). These associations were independent of age, sex, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, involved joint, operative time, history of diabetes, and mean glucose levels.

Conclusions:

Higher glucose variability was associated with an increased risk of medical complications and PJI following aseptic revision TJA. Patients undergoing these complex procedures should have glucose levels monitored closely in the perioperative period. Future studies should evaluate the utility of continuous glucose monitoring in this high-risk population.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Fracture Properties and Their Impacts on Performance in Carbonate Reservoir, Central Block B on the Right Bank of Amu Darya
Authors: Xing Yuzhong , Wang Hongjun , Zhang Liangjie , Chen Pengyu , Yu Wei , Guo Chunqiu , Shi Haidong
Published: July 2022

The Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate reservoir in central Block B on the right bank of Amu Darya is composed of different mechanical and petrophysical layers, where the tectonic fractures have major influences on both the performance and production of the low-permeability reservoir. The development of the tectonic fractures is mainly controlled by the mechanical properties of rocks (e.g., lithology, rock texture, porosity, and shale volume), and the differences in the development of tectonic fractures leading to the high production intervals are restricted preferentially due to fractured mechanical layers. Our study results show that the three main tectonic fracture systems are developed in the Callovian-Oxfordian Stage, including the fracture systems caused by extension movement, compression movement, and fold deformation. Specifically, high-angle extensional fractures and conjugate shear fractures are generally caused by extension movement, which are of small apertures and are mostly fully mineralized and have little impact on fluid flow. Medium- and low-angle extensional fractures as well as conjugate shear fractures are generally caused by compression movement where the strike is nearly parallel to the present-day maximum horizontal stress. These fractures have large aperture and good connectivity with strong flow conductivity of the fluid. However, fewer tectonic fractures are caused by fold deformation. The main properties of natural fractures, such as fracture length, fracture density, fracture aperture, fracture porosity, and stress sensitivity as well as their impacts on the Callovian-Oxfordian reservoir performances, are described herein. We conclude that the tectonic fractures have slight impacts on porosity albeit significant impacts on permeability. Hence, the well placement and well type are optimized under the guidance of the study results.
Late Cretaceous Nature of SW Borneo and Paleo-Pacific Subduction: New Insights from the Granitoids in the Schwaner Mountains
Authors: Qian Xin , Yu Yongqi , Wang Yuejun , Gan Chengshi , Zhang Yuzhi , Asis Junaidi Bin
Published: July 2022

Cretaceous igneous rocks in SW Borneo are significant for investigating the Paleo-Pacific subduction and regional correlation. This paper presents new zircon ages and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf–O isotopic and whole-rock geochemical data for the Cretaceous granitoids in the Schwaner Mountains. These granitoid samples yield formation ages of 92–80 Ma and can be geochemically subdivided into Group 1 biotite granite and granodiorite and Group 2 monzogranite. Group 1 has higher εHf t values of +1.2–+14.5 and lower δ18O values of 5.2–6.6‰ than Group 2 with εHf t and δ18O values of −1.5–+5.9 and 6.1–6.6‰, respectively. Group 1 samples show variable εNd t values of −1.9–+1.7, (206Pb/204Pb)i ratios of 18.63–19.29, (207Pb/204Pb)i ratios of 15.62–15.69, and (208Pb/204Pb)i ratios of 38.67–39.49 and are the products of partial melting of newly underplated mafic rocks with a component of crustal rocks. Group 2 with slightly negative εNd t values of −1.1–−1.5 was originated from partial melting of metasedimentary rocks with a juvenile mafic component. These granitoids were formed in a continental arc setting related to the Paleo-Pacific subduction during the Late Cretaceous and can compare with those contemporaneous I-type granites along the Kuching zone in NW Borneo. Those Late Cretaceous granitoids with A-type affinities from the easternmost Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore to the east of Sundaland might be formed in a back-arc extensional setting after the Paleo-Pacific subduction.
BURSA GÂLLE HANI’NIN MİMARI KOCA SİNAN MI?
Authors: YAVAŞ Doğan , ALKAN Fikret
Published: July 2022

Bursa’da yer alan Ali Paşa Kervansarayı, Mimar Sinan’ın eserlerine atfedilen kervansaray-han yapılarından biridir. Han, Yeni Gâlle Pazarı, Gâlle Hanı, Tahıl Hanı gibi isimlerle de anılır. Mevcut tahıl pazarının Bursa’da ihtiyacı karşılamakta yetersiz kalması nedeniyle Sadrazam Semiz Ali Paşa tarafından 16. yüzyılda inşa ettirilmiştir. Yapının Mimar Sinan’a atfedilmesinin dayanağı ise Sinan’ın eserlerinin listesini barındıran Tezkiretü’l-Bünyan ve Tezkiretü’l-Ebniye isimli yazmalarda yer almasıdır. Evliya Çelebi de Seyahatnamesi’nde bu bilgiyi doğrular. Çalışmamızda, bugün büyük kısmı şehirleşme nedeniyle yok olan kervansarayın gerçekten Mimar Sinan eliyle inşa edilip edilmediği veya şehir mimarlarının yapıya inşa ve inşa sonrası aşamalardaki etkileri araştırılacaktır. Bu araştırma ile şehir mimarlarının önem ve yetkinliklerine güncel bir örnek sunulması amaçlamaktadır.
BİLECİK İLİ KIRSALINDA SUÇ OLAYLARININ ZAMAN VE MEKÂNA GÖRE DAĞILIMI (2010-2019)
Authors: KARAKAŞ Erdal , SARITARLA İsmail
Published: July 2022

Bilecik, Marmara Bölgesi’ni İç Anadolu ve Akdeniz’e bağlayan önemli bir kara ve demiryolu geçiş güzergâhında yer almaktadır. Bu özelliğinden dolayı, Bilecik kırsalında suç olaylarının zaman ve mekâna göre dağılışının bilinmesi çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu sayede suçla etkin bir şekilde mücadele edilmesi de mümkün olacaktır. Çalışmanın materyalini, Bilecik İl Jandarma Komutanlığı sorumluluk alanında 2010-2019 yılları arasında meydana gelen suç istatistikleri oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden “Doküman Analizi” kullanılmış olup, elde edilen veriler ArcGIS 10.2 programında değerlendirilerek haritalandırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; Bilecik kırsalında türüne göre suçların mekânsal ve zamansal boyutta değişkenlik gösterdiği, İstanbul-Antalya karayolu boyunca uzanan yerleşmelerde suçların sıcak noktalar oluşturduğu, karayolu hatlarından uzaklaştıkça suç olayının azaldığı, bazı suçların sosyalleşmeden, bazılarının ise tenhalıktan beslendiği, dönemsel dinamik çalışmaların (YHT, HES inşaatları gibi) yarattığı suç fırsatları ve yabancılaşmanın özellikle malvarlığına karşı suç oluşumunu artırdığı, ülke ve dünya gündemi (terör ve Suriye İç Savaşı) ile yansımalarının da suç tespitlerine etki ettiği görülmüştür.
BİR OSMANLI BAŞKENTİNDE CELÂLİLER: BURSA’DA CELÂLİ İSTİLASI VE YARATTIĞI TAHRİBAT
Authors: ŞAHİN Tahsin
Published: July 2022

Dünyada ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda birçok değişim ve dönüşümün yaşandığı 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı Anadolu’sunda hemen her sınıftan insanın katıldığı Celâli İsyanları denilen şiddet sarmalı ortaya çıkmıştır. Her ne kadar tek bir hedef etrafında toplanmasalar da Celâli İsyanlarının temelinde katılımcılarının daha iyi yaşam koşullarına kavuşma arzusunun yattığı düşünülebilir. Bu doğrultuda daha iyi mevkilere ulaşmak isteyen Celâliler için Bursa devlet ile önemli bir pazarlık unsuru olmuştur. Siyasi, kültürel ve ekonomik açılardan önde gelen Bursa, 1607’de Kalenderoğlu Mehmed’in lideri olduğu Celâlilerce istila edilmiştir. Bu süre zarfında Kalenderoğlu’nun elçileri İstanbul’a giderek ona yeni bir idari görev verilmesi için pazarlığa oturmuşlardır. Yaklaşık iki ay süren istila boyunca şehrin doğusunun büyük kısmı tahrip edilmiştir. Bursa Şer’iye sicillerinden elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda hazırlanan bu çalışmada tahribatın genel kanının aksine büyük olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca tahrip edilen yapılar haritalandırılarak Celâli istilasının Bursa’daki izleri sürülmeye çalışılmıştır.
Fungi and Nanotechnology: History and Scope
Authors: Panseriya Haresh Z. , Gosai Haren B. , Trivedi Hiral B. , Vala Anjana K. , Dave Bharti P.
Published: July 2022

Nanotechnology is one of the most fascinating areas of research, it is the
cutting-edge technology that has a great impact on various application fields.
Nanoparticles have been under consideration due to their applicability in almost every
field. There are many methods used for the synthesis of nanoparticles but biological
methods have proved to be superior. Among various biological sources,
microorganisms have gained attention recently. Bacterial nanoparticle syntheses from
terrestrial as well as from marine habitats have been frequently studied as compared to
fungal counterparts. Recently, Fungal Nanotechnology has received much attention as
it has a big role to play in future as well. During the last decades, marine fungi have
been observed to exhibit novel nanotechnological application potentialities. This
chapter deals with the history and emergence of myconanotechnology, focusing on
terrestrial as well as marine fungal resources. Fungal nanoproducts have noteworthy
scope in diverse fields. This chapter also discusses the scope of myconanotechnology
in future.
Green Synthesis of Fungal Mediated Silver Nanoparticles with Potential Biocontrol Application
Authors: Verma Madan L. , Thakur Meenu , Das Anamika , Kumar Santosh , Kushwaha Rekha
Published: July 2022

Era of nanotechnology has played a significant role in various aspects of our
life. These are minute particles having vast roles. Numerous techniques have been
employed for its synthesis. Previously chemical and physical approaches were
exploited for their synthesis but nowadays researchers are leaning on biological entities
for their creation. And this terminology is green chemistry which does not harm the
environment. Mycogenesis plays a terrific role in producing nanoparticles as they
contain various enzymes and proteins playing a role in reducing the metal
nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles act as an efficient
biocontrol agent. They were explored to control different types of pests, pathogens,
microbes, etc. Different mechanisms were used for controlling the pathogens. They are
effective due to broad-spectrum efficiency and ruin the cells by binding with
phosphorus and sulphur present in the structure of protein and DNA. They are toxic to
a wide range of microorganisms. This chapter focuses on the synthesis of silver
nanoparticles using different fungal agents and the processes involved. Further, how
the prepared particles have prospective application in the control of living organisms,
description of all the pathogens against which silver nanoparticles were effective has
been provided. This review will comprehensively provide some knowledge regarding
the biocontrol application of myconanotechnology.
Microbial Mediated Synthesis, Characterisation and Application of Selenium Nanoparticles
Authors: Ravichandran Veerasamy , Rohini Karunakaran , Roy Anitha , Rajeshkumar S.
Published: July 2022

The development in nanotechnology, specifically the nanoparticulate
system, has a great impact on medicine, engineering and other scientific areas.
Inorganic nanoparticles such as silver, gold, zinc oxide, selenium, iron, lead, platinum
and copper, etc. were found to exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant and other biological
activities, used as biosensors and also used in different fields of engineering. In the 21st
century, microorganisms and plant parts are playing a major role in the synthesis of
inorganic nanoparticles. Green synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles becomes preferable
to other approaches because of its eco-friendly and non-toxic approach. Additionally,
the active molecules of plants (Tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, proteins and
glycosides) which act as capping and reducing agents in the synthesis of metal
nanoparticles could make them most suitable for biomedical applications. This green
approach fascinated researchers across the globe to explore the potential of different
microorganisms and plants in the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles. Selenium
nanoparticles are one of the inorganic nanoparticles which are widely used in the area
of medicine and engineering. In this chapter, we discussed the green synthesis using
microorganism and Agri based products, characterisation and various applications of
selenium nanoparticles.