bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Problematika Investasi Haji Pada Masa Pandemi Virus Covid-19
Authors: Putra Abdur Rahman Adi Saputera , Yusuf Muhammad Yusuf Putra
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana tinjauan hukum islam terhadap pemanfaatan dana haji untuk investasi di masa pandemi menggunakan konsep maslahah sebagai pisau analisis. penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, dengan metode kepustakaan (library research). Adapun tahapan-tahapan pengolahan dan analisis data yaitu: 1) Pengeditan, 2) Klasifikasi, 3) Verifikasi, 4) Analisis, dan 5) Penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa pemanfaatan dana haji untuk pembangunan infrastruktur melalui investasi dimasa wabah covid-19 secara maslahah diperbolehkan selama tidak melanggar ketentuan syariat dengan melakukan maksiat berupa riba, gharar, maysir,tadlis.

This study aims to see how a review of Islamic law on the use of Hajj funds for investment during a pandemic uses the concept of maslahah as a tool of analysis. This research uses a qualitative research type, with a library research method. The stages of data processing and analysis are: 1) Editing, 2) Classification, 3) Verification, 4) Analysis, and 5) Drawing conclusions. The results of the study state that the use of hajj funds for infrastructure development through investment during the Covid-19 outbreak is maslahah allowed as long as it does not violate the provisions of the Shari'a by committing immorality in the form of usury, gharar, maysir, tadlis.
TRADISI MARKOBAR DALAM PERNIKAHAN ADAT MANDAILING DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Putra Dedisyah
Published: October 2022

Abstrak

Dalam konteks budaya Mandailing, Markobar dapat diartikan sebagai pembicaraan resmi yang dilaksanakan dalam upacara adat Mandailing; baik dalam acara siriaon (pesta dalam suasana gembira) maupun silulutun (pesta dalam suasana duka cita). Sebagai norma yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun, markobar memiliki tatacara yang sudah merupakan konvensi bersama masyarakat Mandailing. Pada praktiknya, meskipun terdapat beberapa variasi dalam proses penuturan dan isi yang dituturkan. Namun, warisan budaya, yang dianggap sebagai salah satu budaya yang sakral ini masih dilaksanakan dalam upacara adat masyarakat Mandailing. Penelitian ini akan mengungkap keterkaitan antara pandangan adat budaya Mandailing tentang markobar dalam perspektif Hukum Islam dengan pendekatan fisiologi Hukum Islam berupa pendeketan teori al’urf pada daerah tempat penelitian.

 

Kata Kunci: Markobar, Adat Mandailing, Hukum Islam
TOUR DAN HARGA DIRI PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGI DAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Harahap Ayunda Zahroh , Mafaid Ahmad
Published: October 2022

Sebagian masyarakat menilai nominal mahar yang fantastis merupakan harga diri perempuan. Jadi, ketika calon suami memberikan sesuatu yang berharga kepada calon istrinya, artinya ia menghargai marwah perempuan. Ini terjadi dalam masyarakat Mandailing dan Angkola yang menganut adat istiadat patrilinier yang mengharuskan adanya tradisi tuhor ni boru. Belakangan ini tuor menjadi kontroversi di ranah Mandailing, besarnya tuor menjadi kendala bagi setiap laki­laki maupun remaja yang akan melangsungkan adat pernikahan.

Dalam kaitan ini, Islam hanya meletakkan konsep dan prinsip dasar mahar. Rasulullah Saw. pernah menasehatkan asas normatif mahar bahwa mahar yang baik adalah suatu pemberian yang sederhana, tulus dan tidak memberatkan. Karena mahar bukanlah sebuah rukun juga bukan sebuah syarat dalam perkawinan, melainkan ia adalah salah satu dampak yang diakibatkan oleh akad perkawinan.

Oleh sebab itu, posisi mahar menjadi pembahasan penting dalam suatu pernikahan. Perlu pengkajian dari sisi psikologi dan agama, apakah mahar berkaitan dengan harga diri atau hanya sebatas budaya?, apakah mahar menjadi lambang kemampuan atau suatu penghargaan?, mungkin juga sebagai pembanding antara si kaya dan si miskin.
SISTEM PEMBAGIAN WARISAN MASYARAKAT SIGALAPANG JULU KEPADA ANAK YANG BERDASARKAN JASA ANALISIS MAQASHID SYARIAH
Authors: Hsb Zuhdi
Published: October 2022

Hukum Waris merupakan salah satu Ilmu bagian dari hukum perdata dan merupakan bagian terkecil dari hukum kekeluargaan. Dalam Alquran sudah dijelaskan secara lengkap yang mengatur tentang hak kewarisan tanpa sedikit yang mengabaikan hak seorang pun, dengan cara yang sangat adil dalam membagi harta warisan bagi laki-laki maupun perempuan telah ada ketentuannya dalam Alquran. Problem pembagian warisan di Indonesia sampai sekarang ini masih berbagai cara yang di pakai sesuai dengan adatnya masing-masing, dan masih belum mempunyai hukum tetap yang dapat diterapkan kepada seluruh warga masyarakat Indonesia. Contohnya masyarakat desa sigalapang Julu ada beberapa keluarga cara untuk  membagikan harta warisan tersebut dengan cara  menentukan ahli waris yang paling banyak jasanya terhadap orang tua selama hidup, maka bagian dialah yang lebih banyak ketimbang saudaranya yang jarang membantu orang tuanya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Dan penelitian ini juga bisa menggunakan dengan pendekatan sosiologis atau empiris. Dan adapun analisis maqashid syariah terhadap kasus pembagian warisan berdasarkan Jasa yang ada di Masyarakat Sigalapang Julu menurut Maqaşid al-syari’ah dalam pembagian Harta warisan dapat dipandang sebagai cara pandang dalam mewujudkan kemaslahatan dan sekaligus menolak kemafsadatan bagi terjadinya proses pembagian harta terkait ahli waris yang berkontribusi pada pewaris hidup. Maqaşid (tujuan) yang terjadi pada ahli waris berkontribusi pada pewaris yang mendapatkan bagian harta peninggalan, dikarenakan bahwa dialah yang telah berjasa memelihara dan menjaga orang tua selama hidup pewaris, oleh karenanya atas jasa tersebut ahli waris lain sepakat untuk melebihkan bagiannya.
KEHUJAHAN HUKUM NEGARA SEBAGAI SUMBER HUKUM ISLAM (STUDI KASUS LEGALITAS KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA )
Authors: M.Fadhlan Is
Published: October 2022

The formulation of the problem in this study is how is the violation of state law as a source of Islamic law and whether the Compilation of Islamic Law has fulfilled the requirements to become state law

This research was conducted through a qualitative research library (library research) and comparative analysis. While the method used to analyze the data is induction and deduction which are then compared, to draw conclusions as answers to the problems that have been formulated.

The author finds the fact that in establishing shari'a law' in classical times, many local ijmak practices were found, namely the stipulation of syar'i law was agreed upon and carried out by only a few mujtahids and only covered one particular area. Looking at the facts and conditions of Muslims who adhere to the "national state", the majority of contemporary Ulama accept the blasphemy of State Law as a source of Islamic law with two conditions, namely: first, the State Law embodies the value of justice, and the benefit for all and the measure of the benefit must be in line with the values ​​of the state. The value of divine revelation, namely the Qur'an and Hadith. Second, the formation of a state law is carried out by means of deliberation using official state institutions in which the ulama and umara' are incorporated who have in-depth knowledge in their fields.

Looking at the history of the formulation of the Compilation of Islamic Law, the author assesses that the legality of KHI has met the requirements of local ijmak as a form of fusion between ijmak and taqnin (State Law) as one of the legal arguments of Islamic law in Indonesia.
PENERAPAN PRODUKSI BERSIH PADA PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH BUDIDAYA JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus ostreatus) DI DESA SINDANGSARI, KECAMATAN PABUARAN, KABUPATEN SERANG
Authors: Akbari Tauny , Anwar Moch Chairul
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis penerapan produksi bersih pada pengelolaan limbah budidaya jamur tiram. Pengamatan dilakukan pada salah satu usaha budidaya jamur tiram di Desa Sindangsari Kecamatan Pabuaran Kabupaten Serang. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis alternatif penerapan produksi bersih adalah quick scanning terhadap keseluruhan proses produksi budidaya jamur tiram. Hasil identifikasi sumber limbah menunjukkan bahwa tahapan produksi yang berpotensi menimbulkan  limbah adalah pembuatan baglog, perebusan dan sterilisasi media tanam, serta penanaman bibit jamur. Berdasarkan penentuan skala prioritas opsi produksi bersih diperoleh hasil urutan prioritas penerapan produksi bersih pada usaha budidaya jamur tiram yaitu (1) memanfaatkan arang sisa pembakaran sebagai pupuk, (2) mengolah limbah media tanam sebagai material kompos, (3) penggunaan kembali plastik bekas layak pakai sebagai baglog, dan (4) mendesain tungku pembakaran ramah lingkungan. Pembudidaya jamur tiram dapat menerapkan produksi bersih berdasarkan urutan skala prioritas tersebut sehingga usaha budidaya jamur tiram tidak hanya menguntungkan secara ekonomi, namun juga menguntungkan secara lingkungan.
 Kata Kunci: Produksi bersih, pengelolaan limbah, budidaya jamur tiram.
Managing Ducks for Better Production in Ahmed Ecofarm, Keshurbari, under the District of Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Authors: ASHRAFUL KABIR
Published: October 2022

Duck farming is not going equal to chicken farming in Bangladesh. Due to some superstitions, many people do not consume ducks’ meat and egg. In this regard, this article will provide those positive pieces of information about successful duck farming to consume its meat and eggs. Being a riverine country, Bangladesh is suitable for rearing ducks, and natural feed is available. Khaki Campbell (laying breed) and Beijing (table breed) were kept as two study birds for qualitative analyses through the questionnaire method. The result suggested that 2-months aged per duck consumed 70 g feed and 6-months adult duck 140 g daily with the cost of 3.22 and 6.44 taka. The semi-intensive farm provided 336 kg of regular feed for 4000 ducks (3200 Khaki Campbell, 800 Beijing duck). 1000 square feet brooding room maintained 30-32oC temperature and 100 watts (60 pieces) bulbs and 200 watts (30 pieces). For egg-laying, only sand was used (100%). After sexing the day-old ducklings, 30% found male ducks during the rearing period. The owner provided snails and hyacinth occasionally with the conventional feed. Ahmed Eco- farm was established only for egg purposes, so out of 3200 Khaki Campbell, 400 ducks laid eggs daily (50-60%) when they reached 150 days with a bodyweight of 1.5 kg. Viral paralysis, kidney disease, and flu were the diseases, and vaccines, antibiotics, and overall hygiene helped control that situation. Ahmed Ecofarm in Dinajpur district is in profit by supplying eggs in the local markets. This study period was from January 2020 to April 2022.
Behavioural Responses and Feeding Preference of Hemiechinus Collaris ( Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae)
Authors: IRFAN BABOO  , MUHAMMAD JANSHAIR  , KHALID JAVED IQBAL  , MUHAMMAD SHAHBAZ  , AHSAN SHAFIQ1  , HAFIZ MUHAMMAD SAJAWAL
Published: October 2022

The behavioral aspects of Hedgehog (Hemiechinus collaris) kept in Nocturnal Captive, Nocturnal free range, diurnal captive, and diurnal free-range conditions were recorded and compared with each other. The behavior aspects such as Jumping, aggressiveness, digging, stress, rolling up, immovability, walking, standing, drinking, lying and feeding were observed. Non-significant differences were observed in jumping and feeding behavior of all four types of conditions. Similarly, aggressiveness, digging, stress, roll up, immovability, walking, standing, drinking, and lying behaviors show significant differences in Nocturnal Captive, Nocturnal free range, diurnal captive and diurnal free-range condition. Different feeds such as natural feed, bakery waste, meat waste, and tea stall waste were offered to H. collaris which were arranged in four groups (G-I, G-II, G-III and G-IV). Natural feed consumed constantly by animals of all groups and non-significantly difference observed in percentages of consumed feed. The maximum bakery waste feed consumed by animals of Group-I significantly differed from the other three groups G-II, G-III and G-IV, while percentage of consumed meat waste feed recorded highest in G-I which significantly differed from other groups. The fourth type of feed was tea stall waste which was consumed highest by H. collaris which was kept in G-IV and also shows significant difference with animals of G-I, G-II and G-III.
Efficacy of Conventional Insecticides Against Maize Stem Borer (Chilo Partellus) and Shoot Fly (Atherigona Soccata)
Authors: MAHEEN KHAN  , MUHAMMAD FARHANULLAH KHAN  , AMJAD SULTAN  , GHAZALA YASMEEN
Published: October 2022

Maize stem borer, Chilo partellus Swinhoe and shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani are considered as major pests of maize (Zea mays, L.). Carbofuran (Carbamate), Endosulfan (Organochlorine), Phorate (Organophosphate), Permethrin (Pyrethroid) and two neonicotinoid insecticides; Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam were selected to compare their efficacy against Chilo partellus and Atherigona soccata on maize crop under natural infestation during spring, winter and autumn seasons. All insecticides reduced Atherigona soccata and Chilo partellus infestation significantly (p<0.05). Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were found statistically at par against Atherigona soccata and better than endosulfan. Permethrin and carbofuran were found statistically at par in first week and better than phorate while in second week permethrin and carbofuran were statistically at par but phorate was found better than them.
Metode An-Nadhliyah untuk Melatih Bacaan al-Qur’an
Authors: Hidayati Eka Wahyu
Published: October 2022

A phenomenon of Qur'anic education that is faced with a more difficult time where today is easily found in schools where in this education does not use a method but only uses daily methods in reading the Qur'an. In this case it takes a method to facilitate a learning to read the Qur'an. One of them is by using the An-Nahdliyah method, which aims to practice the recitation of the Qur'an properly and correctly. This research uses a type of library research or literature study. The final analysis results use descriptive analytical methods to present about the An-Nahdliyah method in the learning activities of the Qur'an. Thus the researcher formulated the problem: 1) How the reading system in the An-Nahdliyah method, 2) How the teaching and learning process at TPQ An-Nahdliyah. The results obtained as follows: The reading system of The An-Nahdliyah method, including: Tartil, Tahqiq, and Taqhonni. While the educational methods used in the teaching and learning process at TPQ An-Nahdliyah are: demonstration method, drill method, question and answer method, and lecture method..
Analisis Pendidikan Karakter Siswa Terhadap Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ)
Authors: Lutfi Ansori Wahyu , Ayu Pramesti Vernanda , Diantoro Fery
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the application of problem-based learning models (Problem Based Learning) to students' creative thinking abilities. Character Education is a must because education does not only make students smart. And in scientific research using library research (library research). Literature study is a type of research conducted with a researcher by collecting data from books, journals, articles and certain writings. In addition, it is also based on our observations about the development of online learning in Indonesia. The author uses descriptive-qualitative research methods. Qualitative research method is a research that is intended to describe and analyze phenomena, events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, thoughts of people individually or in groups. To overcome the problem of character education, it is necessary to have special attention from teachers and parents of students regarding how to talk, how to dress, student discipline, and how to get along with friends and the surrounding environment. "The problem of character education so far has existed in every education unit needs to be immediately studied. , and alternative solutions are sought, and they need to be developed in a more operational manner so that they can be implemented in schools easily. "The findings of this study are that there are three problems with character education of students, namely discipline problems, courtesy problems and student enthusiasm problems. The supporting factor of the cultivation of character education is the support of school activities. The inhibiting factor of this research is the lack of supervision in the cultivation of character education activities.
Relevansi Reward dan Punishment dalam Proses Pembelajaran
Authors: Iskandar Khusnan , Khusniyah Eny , Anam Saeful
Published: October 2022

Artikel ini membahas tentang relefansi Reward dan Punishment dalam proses Pembelajaran. Fokus yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini ialah; 1) bagaimana proses penggunaan Reward and Punishment di sekolah, 2) sejauh mana relevansi penggunaan reward an punishment dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini ialah; 1) Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa proses penggunaan Reward and Punishment di MTs Nurul Jadid Sidayu Gresk sudah tergolong sudah baik dan  rutin terprogram dalam penggunaanya siswa maupun siswi meraa termotivasi dan  tertarik dengan menggunakan Reward and Punishment dalam  kegiatan  proses belajar mengajar. 2) Penggunaan reward dan punishment saat ini masih tergolong relefan dan sangat dibutuhkan dalam proses pembelajaran, namun perlu diketahui tidak semua permasalahan yang terjadi di sekolah/kelas haris diberikan melalui punishment, melainkan melalui kegiatan positif yang lain seperti membaca qur’an dan sholawat
Essay-BR: a Brazilian Corpus to Automatic Essay Scoring Task
Authors: C. Marinho Jeziel , T. Anchiêta Rafael , S. Moura Raimundo
Published: October 2022

Automatic Essay Scoring (AES) is the computer technology that evaluates and scores the written essays, aiming to provide computational models to grade essays automatically or with minimal human involvement. While there are several AES studies in a variety of languages, few of them are focused on the Portuguese language. The main reason is the lack of a corpus with manually graded essays. In order to bridge this gap, in this paper we extended a corpus of essays written by Brazilian high school students in an online platform. All of the essays are argumentative and were scored across five competences by experts. Moreover, we conducted an experiment with the extended corpus to show some challenges posed by the Portuguese language. The corpus are publicly available at https://github.com/lplnufpi/essay-br.
PolRoute-DS: a Crime Dataset for Optimization-based Police Patrol Routing
Authors: Cunha Sá Bruno , Muller Gustavo , Banni Maicon , Santos Wagner , Lage Marcos , Rosseti Isabel , Frota Yuri , De Oliveira Daniel
Published: October 2022

It is a well-known fact that criminality is an open, yet important, issue in most urban centers worldwide. Especially in Brazil, creating solutions to reduce crime rates is a top priority. To reduce crime rates, many cities are adopting predictive policing techniques. Predictive policing techniques are highly based on extracting valuable knowledge from a massive dataset that contains information about times, locations, and types of past crimes. The extracted knowledge is then used to provide insights to police departments to define where the police must maintain its presence. These datasets may also be used for a critical predictive policing task: defining where police patrols should patrol. Such patrols are commonly defined to cover a series of crime hot spots (areas that present high criminality levels) and have some restrictions to be considered (number of available police officers, cars, etc). Thus, defining the route for each police vehicle is a complex optimization problem, since in most cases, there are many hot spots and the existing resources are scarce, i.e., the amount of vehicles and police available is much smaller than necessary. Unfortunately, high-quality crime rates data are not easy to obtain. Aiming to tackle this problem, this article proposes the PolRoute-DS dataset, a dataset designed to foster the development and evaluation of police routing approaches in large urban centers. The PolRoute-DS combines the spatial structure of the city of interest (in the context of this article, the city of São Paulo) represented as a connected and directed graph of street segments with criminal data obtained from public sources. PolRoute-DS is available for public use under the Creative Commons By Attribution 4.0 International license (CSV and PostgreSQL versions) and can be downloaded at https://osf.io/mxrgu/.
A Visualization Approach for Simulating and Analyzing Infection Spread Dynamics Using Temporal Networks
Authors: Ponciano Jean R. , Vezono Gabriel P. , G. Linhares Claudio D.
Published: October 2022

Temporal networks have been widely used to model instances of a domain of interest and their time-evolving interaction, including modeling individuals and face-to-face contacts throughout time. In the context of infection spread, such individuals can, e.g., remain susceptible, recovered, or be infected at a particular time. Understanding the infection spread behavior (its speed and magnitude, for instance) is crucial for quick and reliable decision making. Network visualization strategies can help in this task as they allow easy identification of who infected whom and when, epidemics outbreak, and other relevant aspects. This paper presents a visualization approach for the simulation and analysis of infection spread dynamics that considers different infection probabilities and different levels of social distancing (inter-group interaction). We performed quantitative and visual experiments using three real-world social networks with distinct characteristics and from two different environments. Our findings reveal the overall influence of different levels of inter-group interaction and infection probabilities in the infection spread dynamics and also demonstrate the usefulness of our approach for enhanced local (individual- or group-level) investigations.
Integrating Heterogeneous Stream and Historical Data Sources using SQL
Authors: Amará Jefferson , Ströele Victor , Braga Regina , Dantas Mário , Bauer Michael
Published: October 2022

Applications capable of integrating data from historical and streaming sources can make the most contextualized and enriched decision-making. However, the complexity of data integration over heterogeneous data sources can be a hard task for querying in this context. Approaches that facilitate data integration, abstracting details and formats of the primary sources can meet these needs. This work presents a framework that allows the integration of streaming and historical data in real-time, abstracting syntactic aspects of queries through the use of SQL as a standard language for querying heterogeneous sources. The framework was evaluated through an experiment using relational datasets and real data produced by sensors. The results point to the feasibility of the approach.
Treinando Rede Neural Profunda com Divisão Proporcional de Imagens para Segmentação de Estruturas da Retina
Authors: Fonseca Pedro Victor de A. , Araújo Alexandre Carvalho , Almeida João Dallyson S. de , Braz Júnior Geraldo
Published: October 2022

Com o aumento da quantidade de patologias relacionadas ao olho humano, a segmentação da escavação e do disco óptico se tornaram principais objetos de estudo por parte de experimentos interligados a Deep Learning, visando um aperfeiçoamento na classificação das mesmas estruturas possibilitando uma melhor identificação. Este estudo propõe uma abordagem de segmentação da escavação e do disco óptico combinando a técnica de divisão proporcional de imagem, em relação a área de segmentação, e a arquitetura de rede U-Net com encoder da ResNet-34. A abordagem proposta apresentou resultados promissores, alcançando 96% de Dice na segmentação do disco nos datasets RIM-ONE e DRISHTI-GS e 90% e 85% de Dice na segmentação das escavação nos datasets DRISHTI-GS e RIM-ONE, respectivamente.
Cardiac Arrhythmia Detection in ECG Signals Using Graph Convolutional Network
Authors: Silva Guilherme , Silva Pedro , Freitas Vander L. S. , Moreira Gladston J. P. , Luz Eduardo
Published: October 2022

According to the World Health Organization, by the year 2030, 23.6 million people will die from heart disease. Therefore, automatic arrhythmia detection is highly desirable. The techniques based on neural networks have obtained outstanding results for this problem. The present work explores arrhythmia detection with Graph Convolutional Networks and Dynamic Time Warping to align the heartbeats. This is the first work to address the problem as a single graph with the heartbeats as nodes to the best of our knowledge. The results indicate that the approach is promising with a Positive Prediction of 100% for Supraventricular ectopic heartbeat detection and a Sensibility of 100% for Ventricular ectopic heartbeat detection with a global accuracy of 90%.
Generalizability of CNN on Predicting COVID-19 from Chest X-ray Images
Authors: Freire Natalia de Sousa , Leão Pedro Paulo de Souza , Tiago Leonardo Albuquerque , Gonçalves Alberto de Almeida Campos , Pinto Rafael Albuquerque , Santos Eulanda Miranda dos , Souto Eduardo
Published: October 2022

Machine learning methods have been applied to predict COVID-19 using chest X-ray images in several works. However, to be helpful, a machine learning model must be robust to give reliable predictions for any target population, rather than only for the population used to generate the training data. Despite such an important issue, testing the generalizability of machine learning models is frequently not performed in current works. To test the generalizability of three models of CNN, four different databases obtained from various data sources are investigated in this paper in an internal-and-external validation procedure. All models are trained considering lung segmentation as a pre-processing step and without lung segmentation. The results show how important an external evaluation is to avoid providing performance evaluations excessively optimistic and inaccurate.
Modelo preditivo para classificação de risco de óbito de pacientes com COVID-19 utilizando dados abertos
Authors: Rodrigues Gustavo , Kreutz Diego
Published: October 2022

Com o intuito de mitigar a subjetividade de políticas para acesso a leitos de UTI, propomos um preditor baseado em florestas aleatórias para classificação de risco de óbito de pacientes com COVID-19. O conjunto de dados abertos utilizados engloba mais de 600 mil pacientes reportados através do Painel Coronavírus RS. No conjunto de teste, o modelo classificou a chance de óbito com uma pontuação AUC-ROC de 0,97. Estes resultados evidenciam o potencial do preditor em auxiliar na tomada de decisão no ambiente hospitalar.
Light In The Black: An Evaluation of Data Augmentation Techniques for COVID-19 CT’s Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Krinski Bruno A. , Ruiz Daniel V. , Todt Eduardo
Published: October 2022

With the COVID-19 global pandemic, computer-assisted diagnoses of medical images have gained much attention, and robust methods of Semantic Segmentation of Computed Tomography (CT) became highly desirable. Semantic Segmentation of CT is one of many research fields of automatic detection of COVID-19 and has been widely explored since the COVID-19 outbreak. In this work, we propose an extensive analysis of how different data augmentation techniques improve the training of encoder-decoder neural networks on this problem. Twenty different data augmentation techniques were evaluated on five different datasets. Each dataset was validated through a five-fold crossvalidation strategy, thus resulting in over 3,000 experiments. Our findings show that spatial level transformations are the most promising to improve the learning of neural networks on this problem.
Mortalidade em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva: uma Abordagem para Predição Explorando Aprendizado de Máquina
Authors: Souza Alexandre Renato Rodrigues de , Ferreira Fabrício Neitzke , Lambrecht Rodrigo Blanke , Reichow Leonardo Costa , Albandes Rogério da Costa , Yamin Adenauer Correa
Published: October 2022

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo central a concepção de uma abordagem para predição de mortalidade em UTIs. Foi empregada uma coorte de 17.734 pacientes, provenientes do Banco de Dados MIMIC-III, sendo consideradas 12 variáveis preditoras de entrada e 7 métodos de Aprendizagem de Máquina. A melhor performance foi alcançada pelo método Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC), que atingiu 0,53 de F1 score e 0,85 de AUC. A abordagem concebida viabiliza a geração de modelos robustos, capazes de detectar padrões ocultos, lidar com grandes quantidades de dados e ter maior poder de discriminação nas classificações. Os resultados são promissores e, em alguns casos, superiores a outras propostas identificadas na revisão de literatura.
Detecção de Anomalias em Frequências Cardíacas Utilizando Autocodificadores para Identificação Precoce de COVID-19
Authors: Silvestre Thayná Rosa , Santos Eulanda Miranda dos , Pinto Rafael Albuquerque , Evangelista Lucas Gabriel Coimbra
Published: October 2022

O vírus SARS-CoV-2 que causa a doença do coronavírus já está há mais de dois anos sendo transmitido pelo mundo, além de suas muitas mutações. Dentre as diversas maneiras de testar se uma pessoa está infectada, a detecção de anomalias em sinais vitais coletados por dispositivos vestíveis são investigados como uma alternativa para identificar COVID-19 em sua fase pré-sintomática. Alguns estudos demonstram diferentes técnicas empregadas para detectar tais anomalias, apesar de haver dados limitados sobre o problema. Neste trabalho, nós utilizamos Autocodificadores com camadas de convolução em dados de frequência cardíaca de pessoas infectadas pelo coronavírus a fim de identificar anomalias antes do início dos sintomas. Foi utilizada uma base de dados pública com dados de 25 pessoas infectadas com o vírus.
Detecção de Doenças em Imagens de Raios-X da Coluna Lombo-Sacra com Convnets
Authors: Vieira Pablo , Vogado Luis , Lopes Lucas , Lira Ricardo , Santos Neto Pedro , Magalhães Deborah , Silva Romuere
Published: October 2022

Ao longo dos anos, o uso de sistemas CAD no auxilio a diagnósticos vem se tornado mais importante. Um exame que possibilita várias aplicações CAD é o de Lombo-Sacra. Esse exame fornece radiografias detalhadas da coluna vertebral, especificamente das regiões lombar, sacral e coccígea permitindo detectar doenças como artrose, escoliose, espondilartrose, lordose, osteófitos, redução do espaço discal, dentre outras. Nesse contexto, desenvolvemos uma metodologia de sistema CAD baseado em Deep-learning para atuar em Lombo-sacra. Para tal, utilizamos um conjunto de dados contendo 16,024 exames, mais heterogêneo que os do estado da arte. Além disso, desenvolvemos um ensemble na classificação utilizando imagens frontais e laterais do mesmo exame, o que permite classificar um número maior de patologias, o que torna o processo ainda mais preciso diminuindo assim os falsos positivos.
A hierarchical model for automatic Neoplasm ICD coding
Authors: Iturry Miguel Díaz , Alves-Souza Solange N. , Ito Marcia , Silva Suzana Alves da
Published: October 2022

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes are used for different management activities in hospitals. Previous researches employed Machine Learning (ML) models for automatic coding to simplify the disease code assignation process; nevertheless, model performance was compromised due to problems with label imbalance and the high number of labels. In the present research, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model for Neoplasm ICD coding was trained with a dataset previously treated by applying re-sampling methods to mitigate label imbalance issues and increase the model sensitivity. To mitigate the issue with the high number of labels, human body location information contained in the medical records and ICD code descriptions were employed to build a hierarchical model, which improved the performance of a base non-hierarchical model by up to 15%.
Detecção de Pneumonia Causada por COVID-19 Utilizando Few-Shot Learning
Authors: Leão Pedro Paulo de Souza , Santos Eulanda Miranda dos , Pinto Rafael Albuquerque , Evangelista Lucas Gabriel Coimbra
Published: October 2022

Dados radiológicos são importantes no diagnóstico e tratamento da COVID-19 e de doenças relacionadas ao trato respiratório inferior, tais como a pneumonia. Considerando esse contexto, nós apresentamos neste artigo um método que utiliza uma Rede Siamesa que, por meio de uma estratégia de Few-Shot Learning, busca detectar pneumonia relacionada com COVID-19 em imagens de raio-x. A capacidade de generalização desse modelo é avaliada utilizando dois conjuntos de dados de fontes diferentes, na forma de avaliação interna e externa. A partição dos dados é feita a partir de identificadores dos doentes. O modelo foi capaz de alcançar mais de 96% de acurácia, precisão, e sensibilidade na avaliação interna. Porém, na avaliação externa o resultado foi abaixo do esperado. Por outro lado, observou-se que o modelo de Rede Siamesa com Few-Shot Learning supera uma CNN tradicional.
On the SPEC-CPU 2017 opportunities for dynamic vectorization possibilities on PIM architectures
Authors: Sokulski Rodrigo M. , Santos Sairo R. dos , Alves Marco A. Z.
Published: October 2022

Processing-In-Memory (PIM) devices usually implement vector instructions to efficiently utilize the large main memory bandwidth. One possible way to vectorize applications for such PIM systems is to convert CPU instructions into PIM vector instructions dynamically. In this work, we present a study on the feasibility of the dynamic conversion between these instructions for the Vector-In-Memory Architecture (VIMA). Our results show that 24 % of the loops from some SPEC-CPU 2017 applications are suitable for this conversion. Furthermore, we conclude that dynamic conversion mechanisms must to be able to efficiently deal with memory access conflicts, a problem present in 99 % of all possible conversions to VIMA.
Behavior of light-gauge steel short columns filled with normal and lightweight aggregate concrete under concentric axial loading
Authors: AL-Zubaidi Ibrahim , Abdel-Jaber Mu'tasim , Hunaiti Yasser , El-Nimri Rola
Published: October 2022

This study aims to investigate experimentally and numerically the behavior of light-gauge steel tubes filled with normal and lightweight concrete under axial loading. A total of thirty-five specimens, including thirty-two composite columns, two bare steel columns, and one normal-weight plain concrete column, were considered. The main variables in the tests were the concrete infill type (normal-weight and lightweight), the column's length (1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75-m), the steel tube thickness (2 and 2.4-mm), and the cross-section (100×100 and 150×150-mm). In addition, theoretical capacities were computed according to Eurocode 4, and a finite element analysis was conducted using ABAQUS software. The results showed that the behavior of lightweight filled steel tubes was similar to the normal weight filled tubes during the test; however, their capacities were lower compared to the normal weight filled tubes by a range of (1%-20%). Yet, lightweight filled steel tubes can achieve high axial loads. In addition, the axial capacity of all composite columns decreased with the increase of the column's height and increased with the increase of both the cross-section and the steel thickness. Current code specifications of EC4 and the numerical results obtained from ABAQUS overestimated the capacities of the composite concrete-filled tubes by 3% and 14%, respectively; however, the EC4 was found to present close estimations to the experimental results.
Understanding Stablecoin Technology and Related Security Considerations
Authors: Mell Peter , Yaga Dylan
Published: October 2022

Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies whose price is pegged to that of another asset (typically one with low price volatility). The market for stablecoins has grown tremendously – up to almost $200 billion USD in 2022. These coins are being used extensively in newly developing paradigms for digital money and commerce as well as for decentralized finance technology. This work provides a technical description of stablecoin technology to enable reader understanding of the variety of ways in which stablecoins are architected and implemented. This includes a descriptive definition, commonly found properties, and distinguishing characteristics, as well as an exploration of stablecoin taxonomies, descriptions of the most common types, and examples from a list of top stablecoins by market capitalization. This document also explores related security, safety, and trust issues with an analysis conducted from a computer science and information technology security perspective as opposed to the financial analysis and economics focus of much of the stablecoin literature.
Application of the Mating Disruption Technique Against Codling Moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Kahramanmaras Province
Authors: CANDAN Gülser , ASLAN Mahmut Murat
Published: October 2022

In this study, Isomate-C Plus pheromone dispensers were used in the application of the mating disruption method (ÇE) against codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lep.: Tortricidae) in 2018-2019. The study was carried out on ten decares of Braeburn, Red Gala, Red Fuji, Mondial Gala, Red Chief, Galaxy Gala, Golden Smith, and Golden B apple cultivars in Onikisubat district of Kahramanmaraş province. As the control area disruption technique (ÇE), Isomate-C Plus pheromone dispensers, between April and October, against Apple borer (KA), the 15 da Granny Smith, Golden, and Starking studies were carried out in Tekir, which is connected to the Onikisubat district of Kahramanmaraş province. In 2018, the total number of adult C. pomonella in the field of CE was 37, while the infestation rate was 9.07 %. Against the 1st and 2nd generations of C. pomonella, 2 times Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki were used with mating disruption treatment. The release rate of Isomate-C Plus pheromone dispensers used in the EI field until the harvest was 12.34 %. In KA, the total number of adult C. pomonella was 1.136, while the infestation rate was 43.69%. Insecticide was applied six times against C. pomonella in KA by the producer. Likewise, in the CE field, the total number of adult C. pomonella was 18 in 2019, while the infestation rate was 8.38%. Against the 1st, 2nd and 3rd generations of C. pomonella 3 times Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki were used with mating disruption treatment. The release rate of the Isomate-C Plus pheromone emitter used in the EI field until the end of the harvest was 10.95 %. In KA, the total number of adult C. pomonella was 1.256, while the infestation rate was 38.93%. Insecticide was applied six times against C. pomonella in KA by the producer. As a result of the study, the mating disruption technique can be used against C. pomonella on a large scale, unless a biological insecticide should support it as Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki as infestation rate exceeds the economic threshold levels (5 %).
MEDICINE AND THE LAW
Authors: Bangalee A , Hanley S , Bangalee V
Published: October 2022

Dolutegravir (DTG) is a pivotal antiretroviral medicine that has become the backbone of several HIV programmes, especially in sub-Saharan African countries. It has recently replaced efavirenz as the preferred third drug for people initiating antiretroviral therapy in South Africa (SA). Its tolerability, cost-effectiveness and favourable resistance profile have had a global influence on HIV management, including the recent revision of the World Health Organization antiretroviral guidelines. As with any medicine, however, informed decisions are important. Despite the several advantages DTG offers, additional data informing risks over benefits have emerged that warrant clinical attention before DTG is prescribed. This article aims to give the primary care provider an overview of the benefits and risks associated with the roll-out of DTG in SA.
Estimating the changing burden of disease attributable to alcohol use in South Africa for 2000, 2006 and 2012
Authors: Matzopoulos R , Cois A , Probst C , Parry C D H , Vellios N , Sorsdahl K , Joubert J D , Pillay-van Wyk V , Bradshaw D , Pacella R
Published: October 2022

Background. Alcohol use was one of the leading contributors to South Africa (SA)’s disease burden in 2000, accounting for 7% of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the first South African Comparative Risk Assessment Study (SACRA1). Since then, patterns of alcohol use have changed, as has the epidemiological evidence pertaining to the role of alcohol as a risk factor for infectious diseases, most notably HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB).Objectives. To estimate the burden of disease attributable to alcohol use by sex and age group in SA in 2000, 2006 and 2012.Methods. The analysis follows the World Health Organization (WHO)’s comparative risk assessment methodology. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated from modelled exposure estimated from a systematic assessment and synthesis of 17 nationally representative surveys and relative risks based on the global review by the International Model of Alcohol Harms and Policies. PAFs were applied to the burden of disease estimates from the revised second South African National Burden of Disease Study (SANBD2) to calculate the alcohol-attributable burden for deaths and DALYs for 2000, 2006 and 2012. We quantified the uncertainty by observing the posterior distribution of the estimated prevalence of drinkers and mean use among adult drinkers (≥15 years old) in a Bayesian model. We assumed no uncertainty in the outcome measures.Results. The alcohol-attributable disease burden decreased from 2000 to 2012 after peaking in 2006, owing to shifts in the disease burden, particularly infectious disease and injuries, and changes in drinking patterns. In 2012, alcohol-attributable harm accounted for an estimated 7.1% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 6.6 - 7.6) of all deaths and 5.6% (95% UI 5.3 - 6.0) of all DALYs. Attributable deaths were split three ways fairly evenly across major disease categories: infectious diseases (36.4%), non-communicable diseases (32.4%) and injuries (31.2%). Top rankings for alcohol-attributable DALYs for specific causes were TB (22.6%), HIV/AIDS (16.0%), road traffic injuries (15.9%), interpersonal violence (12.8%), cardiovascular disease (11.1%), cancer and cirrhosis (both 4%). Alcohol remains an important contributor to the overall disease burden, ranking fifth in terms of deaths and DALYs.Conclusion. Although reducing overall alcohol use will decrease the burden of disease at a societal level, alcohol harm reduction strategies in SA should prioritise evidence-based interventions to change drinking patterns. Frequent heavy episodic (i.e. binge) drinking accounts for the unusually large share of injuries and infectious diseases in the alcohol-attributable burden of disease profile. Interventions should focus on the distal causes of heavy drinking by focusing on strategies recommended by the WHO’s SAFER initiative.
El simbolisme dels colors en dos poemes mallorquins del segle XVII
Authors: Darder Moll August
Published: October 2022

En aquest article volem comentar dos poemes catalans la temàtica dels quals està relacionada amb el simbolisme dels colors. Ambdós es troben a un manuscrit del segle XVII que es conserva a l’Arxiu Municipal de Palma. Per enfocar d’una manera adequada la nostra anàlisi, parlarem breument sobre els significats que en diferents èpoques s’ha atribuït als colors i donarem una sèrie d’exemples per mostrar com ha estat expressada aquesta temàtica, cosa que ens permetrà també donar suport a la nostra interpretació. Un dels poemes que comentarem, fragmentari, està clarament influenciat per una composició del Cancionero de Baena. Entre els nostres objectius destaca l’interès de comprovar fins a quin punt el simbolisme d’aquests poemes concorda amb el dels exemples.
La llengua catalana en la literatura de viatges del primer terç del vuit-cents
Authors: Martí-Badia Adrià
Published: October 2022

Aquest treball analitza les descripcions de la llengua catalana que feren els viatgers que van recórrer els Països Catalans i, especialment, el País Valencià al llarg del primer terç del segle XIX. Alhora, examina les observacions i les percepcions lingüístiques d’aquests viatgers sobre la llengua catalana, i especialment sobre la seva unitat/diversitat interna, la seva catalogació entre la resta de les llengües romàniques i l’ús d’aquesta per part dels habitants d’aquests territoris. Les obres que s’hi estudien no són només llibres de viatges, sinó també aquells textos informatius que servien als viatgers per a orientar i contextualitzar els seus itineraris: guies de viatge i obres de topografia i geografia, entre d’altres. Els autors ací examinats són sempre de fora dels territoris de llengua catalana: alemanys, anglesos, francesos, escocesos i nord-americans que, per motius diferents, van viatjar arreu de la catalanofonia, van descriure aquest territori i van explicar —amb major o menor atenció i rigor— quina llengua parlaven els seus habitants i quines n’eren les característiques.
El sujeto de las formas no personales: problemas de caracterización y orientaciones para su enseñanza
Authors: Gutiérrez Rodríguez Edita , Pérez Ocón Pilar
Published: October 2022

En este artículo nos ocuparemos de las formas no personales que encabezan oraciones. Tradicionalmente el infinitivo, el gerundio y el participio se han asociado con las categorías de sustantivo, adverbio y adjetivo. Sin embargo, este paralelismo no implica una equivalencia categorial, puesto que el hecho de que un infinitivo ocupe contextos similares a los de un sintagma nominal no lo convierte en un sustantivo. Veremos que las construcciones con formas no personales constituyen estructuras predicativas bimembres y, por tanto, tienen sujeto, aunque bien es cierto que condicionado por la ausencia de flexión verbal. Para entender las propiedades del sujeto de las formas no personales examinamos tres nociones gramaticales básicas: estructura argumental, sujeto tácito y localidad. A partir de este planteamiento, esbozamos una secuenciación de contenidos para enseñar las formas no personales en la educación secundaria y planteamos una muestra de posibles ejercicios de análisis de secuencias breves y pares mínimos. Estos ejercicios se fundamentan en una metodología que persigue que los alumnos reflexionen sobre la gramática vinculando el significado con la forma.