bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faith and Works in Ellen G. White's Doctrine of the Last Judgment
Authors:   , Lee Jairyong ,   Andrews University
Published: May 2023

This research studies the relationship between faith and works as the grounds of the last judgment in the thought of Ellen G. White. Chapter I forms the introduction to this research. Chapter II sketches the historical and theological milieu of the Adventist movement in nineteenth-century North America as the background for the formation of Ellen White's concept of the last judgment. As one of the ardent followers of William Miller, Ellen White had been influenced considerably by Millerite leaders in the formation of her eschatological foundation. Many of her own positions related to the judgment scene, such as the Day of Atonement theme, the pre-Advent investigative judgment, and the end-time warning message of Rev 14. These came to her as a result of her diligent Bible study and that of other Adventist pioneers. Later she received visions--which Adventists believe to be God-inspired--that confirmed her positions. Chapter III shows the various aspects of the last judgment as expressed in White's writings. Her concept of the last judgment has been analyzed both thematically and chronologically emphasizing her unique contribution to Adventist society. In contrast with her contemporary Protestant theologians, Ellen White viewed the last judgment of God in three distinctive phases: (1) pre-Advent investigative judgment; (2) millennial consultative judgment; and (3) postmillennial executive judgment. Chapter IV discusses White's views on the soteriological and eschatological aspects of the last judgment. She consistently acknowledged faith as the indispensable factor in the sinner's experience of justification before God. Nevertheless, she did not deny the importance of works in determining man's eternal destiny of either salvation or destruction. Chapter V summarizes chapters II, III and IV, cites some conclusions as to Ellen White's position on the relationship of faith and works in the last judgment. White advocated righteousness by faith (apart from works) but admitted that the last judgment would be on the basis of works, since at that time man would be judged according to his works which are the fruit evidencing either faith or non-faith.
Khirbet Nisya 1979-1986: a Report on Six Seasons of Excavation
Authors:   , Livingston David ,   Andrews University
Published: May 2023

Problem. This project was an investigation of Khirbet Nisya (near Ramallah/El-Bireh) for six seasons to describe and interpret the excavation evidence. The excavation and analyses of finds were correlated with biblical data to help clarify certain problems relating to the Israelite settlement in the hill country of Palestine. Method. Preliminary studies in the literature were made to determine the proper biblical, geographical, and topographical relationships of the traditional sites for both Bethel and Ai at Beitin and Et-Tell. The archaeological results from both sites were reviewed as to their fit with the biblical data. Patristic evidence was also considered in determining the location of both biblical Bethel and Ai. When new sites seemed advisable, a site for Bethel was sought in El-Bireh, ten miles north of Jerusalem. Excavation was impossible in this thriving, modern city; thus a site for Ai was sought beyond Et-Tawil, the large mountain east of El-Bireh. After locating an ancient ruins, six seasons of excavations (1979-1986) were conducted at this site, Khirbet Nisya. Results. The literature seemed to indicate that both the traditional sites of Bethel and Ai have been wrongly located. Thus, the archaeological results, when applied to the Bible, are misleading. Although the archaeological results fit the biblical data fairly well at Beitin (traditional Bethel), the two are incompatible at Et-Tell (traditional Ai). The intimation is that Bethel and Ai are "twin cities" in the Bible. Thus, if one is wrongly located, the other must be also. New locations for both Bethel and Ai were suggested at El-Bireh for Bethel and Khirbet Nisya for Ai. The topography, geographical relationships, and patristic evidence all fit at the new locations. Six seasons of excavations and surveys show the following periods present at Khirbet Nisya: Early Bronze (?), Middle Bronze I(?) and II, Late Bronze I, Iron Age I and II, Persian, Hellenistic, Early Roman, Early and Late Byzantine, Umayyad, and Ayyubid/Mamluk/Ottoman. The archaeological profile of the site seems compatible with the situation for biblical Ai. Conclusion. Khirbet Nisya seems to have been an agricultural village or hamlet in most periods. Although, on the basis of the evidence from six seasons of excavation, no claim can be made that it is Ai, it does not seem necessary yet to rule it out, either.
Slow to Understand: the Disciples in Synoptic Perspective
Authors:   , Melbourne Bertram ,   Andrews University
Published: May 2023

The problem of the portrayal of the disciples of Jesus has been the focus of much scholarly investigation. Discussion has been pursued primarily from the Marcan perspective, in keeping with its assumed priority. Consequently, Mark is seen as creating the disciples' incomprehension to serve his theological intent. The correctness of this notion is questioned in this study which seeks to determine whether incomprehension was an authentic experience of Jesus' original disciples, and whether slowness of understanding was to be expected in teaching and learning contexts. Recent scholarship on the disciples is surveyed to identify the main issues, approaches, trends, and the scope of the ongoing debate. A Synoptic approach to the motif of incomprehension is proposed because of the unsettled question of Marcan priority, the equality--if not at times more--disparaging portrayal of the disciples in the other Synoptics, and the need to explain the tradition history of the seemingly negative portrayal of disciples (chapter 1). The ascription of the prevailing image of the disciples to Mark, or the extent to which theprevailing image is Marcan, is questioned (1) in light of the parallel pericopae dealing with the disciples in the other Synoptics whose authors may no longer be seen as mere redactors of Mark (chapter 2) and (2) by tracing the tradition history of disciples' initial incomprehension, and eventual understanding when hearing and sight converge (chapter 3). In the first instance, the respective portraits of the disciples in each of the Synoptics seem to betray a well established tradition from which it was difficult--if not impossible--to break away. In the second instance, this tradition is recognizable in the common terms and concepts of comprehension/incomprehension in Old Testament theophanic and didactic contexts and in later canonical and extra-canonical Jewish writings of the Second Temple period as well as in Greek literature, especially in texts relating to Greek paideia. The convergence of hearing and sight for comprehension seems to be a recurring feature in Jewish writings and Greek literature. A more accurate image of the disciples emerges when these observations are brought to bear upon the Synoptics (chapter 4).
The Earliest Greek Geographers on the Pontus Euxinus and its Environs
Authors: Surikov Igor E. ,   Institute of World History of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2023

Anaximander of Miletus, Hecataeus of Miletus and Scylax of Caryanda, representatives of the Archaic Ionian scholarship, were the earliest Greek geographers (6th century B.C.). The philosopher Anaximander drew the first map (still very schematic one); the historian Hecataeus improved this map towards more detailed elaboration and also wrote the first periegesis (“Description of the Earth”); the seafarer Scylax was the author of the first periplus (although at such an early stage of development of Greek prose literature the genres of periegesis and periplus still had little difference between each other). The article deals with extant data of these writers on the Black Sea and adjacent regions. To be true, there is no such information in Anaximander’s fragments, and rather little in Scylax’s ones (mainly on the area of the Straits); but Hecataeus’ fragments contain it in abundance. That author’s geographical treatise was a virtually exhaustive description of lands known at his time, surely including coasts of the Black Sea and the nearby Azov Sea. Hecataeus measured the size of the Black Sea (at the map rather than “in nature”). It is he who is likely to have for the first time used the famous and very popular in antiquity image of the Pontus as a Scythian bow. Of interest is the question where in the Black Sea region the scholar drew the border between Europe and Asia; the article gives arguments in favour of the opinion that for him the border was not the Don River, as later in Herodotus, but the Kuban River. Meanwhile, the territory that is now the Taman Peninsula (it was an island in antiquity) belonged to Asia according to Hecataeus. In the “Description of the Earth”, there is the first in the narrative tradition evidence on Phanagoria – one of the most significant Greek colonies at the territory of Russia, later the second in importance center of the Bosporan Kingdom. Amazons are localized by Hecataeus near the Thermodon River rather than in the Northern Black Sea Region, as Herodotus and Hellanicus later did.
Πάντα ῥεῖ and Πόντος ῥεῖ – Strabo on the Black Sea
Authors: Dueck Daniela ,   Bar Ilan University
Published: May 2023

Building on Strabo’s references to the Black Sea in his Geography, this article examines the perceived changeability of this region as it is summed up in his work and mainly until Strabo's own age. These changes are considered through three spheres of reference: (1) Geographical – this section offers a discussion of the shape of the sea and its connection to the Mediterranean. The Black Sea was at times conceived as a gulf linked to the surrounding Ocean, at times – as a closed sea, and at times – as a gulf linked to the Mediterranean. All three ideas reflected changes in geographical knowledge and their reflection in Greek sources. (2) Cultural – this section deals with the ethnic character of habitation in the regions surrounding the Black Sea. The change in this sphere of discussion pertains to various ethnicities said to inhabit the region while reflecting in the Greek sources a gradual change from barbarism to Hellenic and then Roman cultures. (3) Conceptual – this section surveys the image of the Black Sea in Greek and Roman myth and literature. It shows how the concept of the region went from marginal to central to marginal again. This image originated in historical reality, but resulted in the unique interpretation of the geopolitical developments within myth and literature. On the whole, this article demonstrates how the Greeks and the Romans perceived the region as at once known and unknown, close and distant, and abandoned and settled. All these perceptions contributed to the dynamic image of this unique environment.
Aspourgians: 500 stadia between Phanagoria and Gorgippia
Authors: Zavoykin Alexey A. ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2023

In the ancient literary and cartographic tradition, the mention of the Aspourgians goes back to the information of Strabo (XI. 2, 11; XII. 3, 29), who considered them one of the Meotian tribes, who lived “near” (περὶ) Sindica “in the space of 500 stadia between Phanagoria and Gorgippia. This mention of Aspourgians is connected solely with the fact that in 8 BC. they captured and killed the Roman henchman on the Bosporan throne – Polemo I. In addition, the ethnonym "Aspourgians" appears in Bosporan epigraphic documents of the 3rd century AD, where the nomenclature of the official who controlled the administrative-territorial region is noted – ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν Ἀσπουργιανῶν (CIRB 36, 1246=1248). In historiography, there are many conflicting points of view on the origin, character and historical role of the Aspourgians. However, the prevailing opinion is that the name "Aspourgians" is associated with the name of King Aspourgos (they supported him against Polemo), although Aspourgos is not mentioned in Strabo, and various researchers start his reign attributed to 8 BC. before 14 AD (now confirmed by a new epigraphic monument terminus ante quem – 6/7 AD). At the same time, recognizing the Aspourgians as "barbarians", most scientists consider them not a separate tribe (or its faction), but military settlers (katoikoi) endowed with land in the service of the Bosporan kings, who defended the eastern borders of the state. The author of this article, relying on modern ideas about the paleogeography of the region, an analysis of the administrative-territorial division of the Asian Bosporus and archaeological evidence (both settlements and necropolises), tried to clarify the ideas about the habitat of aspourgians, the chronology of events associated with their appearance in the Bosporus. This made it possible to abandon a number of outdated views and remove some imaginary contradictions between different points of view on the origin and place of the Aspourgians in Bosporan history. Strabo’s “Ἀσπουργιανοί” should be understood as representatives of the Meoto-Sarmatian world settled by the Bosporan kings in the region of the modern region of Anapa-Novorossiysk in order to defend the southeastern borders of the state. These military settlers supported the legitimate heir to the Bosporan throne, Aspurgos, in his struggle against Polemo I, after which they received the name “aspourgianoi”. The compact area of inhabitancy of the “supporters of Aspurg” constituted a special administrative district of the Asian Bosporos, which was ruled by “governors of the  aspourgianoi” (οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν Ἀσπουργιανῶν).
On the land road along the southern coast of the Black Sea on Peutinger’s map: how the cartographer worked
Authors: Podosinov Alexandr V. ,   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2023

The article discusses the land road laid along the southern coast of the Black Sea from the Thracian Bosporus to Trapezunt on the Tabula Peutingeriana. In antiquity this region’s natural conditions (mountain ranges, descending to the sea, and wide rivers) stood in the way, so the path could not be laid there. Literary and archeological sources, milestones among them, do not confirm its existence. So, the article discusses possible causes and conditions which permitted the cartographer, who having used existing Greek periploi describing the coast, to “reconstruct” the possible land road. The article analyzes in detail the data of the Tabula Peutingeriana, which shows the path along the coast and the distances between “the stations”, these data being compared with the information of other sources (geographical texts), mostly with those of periploi describing the route of the ship close to the shore (the main source is “Periplus of the Pontus Euxinus” by Arrian). It has been found out that the distances between the stations correspond rather to the data of periploi; it means that the non-existent road was the cartographer’s invention, who supported on such literature. Also, the article mentions the absence of the road’s description in “The Antonine Itinerary”, where the descriptions of many ways coincide with the data of the Tabula Peutingeriana. It is noteworthy that this is not the first road along the sea coast on the Tabula which could not really exist. Thus, it shows an coastal road in Asia Minor between the Ionian city of Miletus and the Lycian city of Patara, led through Myndos, Knidos and Loryma. These cities’ geographical location does not assume the existence of the coastal road between them, but is based on the data of a periplus, possibly used by the cartographer. Also, the article draws a parallel with the path along the north-eastern coast of the Black Sea (now Abkhazia), where rivers and mountains impeded communication in antiquity and in the following centuries, until the twentieth century.
The Icelandic Scriber Jón Erlendsson
Authors: Litovskih Elena V. ,   State Academic University of the Humanities
Published: May 2023

The article analyzes the activity of the Icelandic copyist of the mid-17th century, the priest Jón Erlendsson from Villingaholt. He had copied over 60 ancient Icelandic manuscripts, many of which have survived only in the lists made by Jón. Two-thirds of the lists of his manuscripts include historical works and sagas, so they are constantly attracted by scholars of the Icelandic Middle Ages. Most of them are kept in the Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collec-tion in Reykjavik. We have analyzed the characteristic features of the design of the manu-scripts and Jón’s handwriting. He was distinguished by attention to the spelling of the origi-nal and a small number of stamps. However, his lists cannot be attributed to the illuminated “ceremonial” manuscripts (so typical for frakturing writing), which belonged to the pen of other scribes of his time. Due to the lack of ruled lines, as Jón’s “arm fatigue” increased, the number of lines on the sheet and the number of abbreviations and pronunciations in-creased. However, since the dates of most of his lists are very broad, it is not possible to find out how Jón’s handwriting changed over time.
Scandinavian Runic Inscriptions from the Excavations of the Teutonic Court in Great Novgorod in 2022 (Preliminary Publication)
Authors: Gaidukov Pyotr G. ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Melnikova Elena A. ,   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: May 2023

During archaeological excavations of the Teutonic merchant court in Novgorod five objects with Scandinavian runic inscriptions were found, two wooden tags (No. 1 and 2), two frag-ments of animal bones (No. 3 and 5) and a wooden object of unknown purpose (No. 4). Objects No. 1, 3, and 5 come from the layer of the late 12th century, but they are to be dated to the time a little later than the oldest buildings of the Teutonic court which started, according to dendrochronology, to the 1160s – 1170s. The object No. 4 was found in a pit with mixed filling but it can belong to the same time. The tag 1 has the form of a sword and bears the personal name hæiluatr (Hæil(h)vatr), an exclusively Gotlandic name. The tag 2 (stratigrafically dated to the first half of the 14th century) is a typical for the Bergen collection rectangular plate with a jag on one side. It has two runes ba carved on the plate which is the beginning of a personal name like Ba[gge], Ba[lli], Ba[rðr] or the like. Bone 3 bears the first ætt of the runic alphabet fuþork which is repeated further but the second row was partially cut off. A part of fuþork is also carved on the object No. 4. Вone 5 is badly damaged, so that only several runes are partially visible.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR TEKS CERITA PENDEK BERMUATAN KARAKTER PADA SISWA KELAS XI SMA
Authors: Lolinsa Clara
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan media pembelajaran berupa bahan ajar yang interaktif bermuatan karakter untuk siswa kelas XI SMA pada pelajaran materi teks cerita pendek untuk mendeskripsikan uji kelayakan bahan ajar interaktif yang dikembangkan bagi siswa kelas XI SMA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah metode R&D (Research and Devlopment) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari 5 tahapan penelitian yaitu, Analysis, Design, Devlopment, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Swasta Nurul Iman Tanjung Morawa, SMA Al Washliyah 1 Medan dan Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Mu’allimin UNIVA Medan. Dalam uji coba kelompok kecil dilakukan di SMA Swasta Nurul Iman Tanjung Morawa dengan subjek penelitian yang berjumlah 36 peserta didik. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari wawancara, angket, validasi produk, dan uji coba kelompok kecil. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil validasi bahan ajar terdiri dari validasi ahli materi memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,6 dengan kategori “sangat baik”, validasi ahli media memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,95 dengan kategori “sangat baik”, penilaian Guru Bahasa Indonesia memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,7 dengan kategori “sangat baik”, dan hasil siswa dalam kelompok kecil memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,85 dengan kategori “sangat baik. Dari hasil validasi dan penilaian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Bahan Ajar Teks Cerita Pendek Bermuatan Karakter pada Siswa Kelas XI SMA layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran.

Kata kunci: pengembangan, bahan ajar interaktif, teks cerpen, bermuatan karakter
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BUKU BERGAMBAR SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Syamsiah Jainatun Naimah
Published: May 2023

The objectives of this study are 1) to describe the acquisition of Indonesian language by means of picture books for elementary school children; 2) describe the development of picture books in accordance with the cognitive development of elementary school students.This research belongs to the type of development research or what is called research and development (R&D). Sources of research data are teachers, parents and first grade students of SD Negeri 068074 Medan. Data collection techniques using observation, questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis techniques used are qualitative and quantitative techniques

The results of the acquisition of Indonesian for elementary school children consist of several stages, namely the pre-linguistic stage, the one-word stage, the two-word stage, and the many-word stage. The development of picture books in the study went through the stages of gathering information and it was known that there were problems in developing children's language acquisition due to the limitations of books and also the competence of teachers in teaching. The next stage is the preparation of the instrument and continued with the validation of the instrument that has been compiled, the results are that the instrument is suitable for use. The next stage is the development of book designs, namely teacher guidebooks and student books. The results of expert validation on the product showed that the average score for the assessment of the teacher's manual and student's book products was 3.98, so the book developed was suitable for use without revision. The next stage is product testing. The results of the teacher's guide book assessment get a score of 3.93 in the "very good" category and the student book gets a score of 3.96 in the "very good" category. This research resulted in the final product in the form of a picture book equipped with a teacher's manual for one year, student books for semester one and two.
PERBEDAAN KECEPATAN DAN KETEPATAN MENJAWAB SOAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI WHATSAPP DAN GOOGLE FORM PADA PELAJARAN EKONOMI
Authors: Dina Ariska, Nurjannah
Published: May 2023

Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian berjenis kuantitatif. Instrumen pengumpulan data adalah tes yang berbentuk Esai sebanyak 30 butir. Adapun menggunakan Teknik Eksperimen. Dimana seluruh jumlah populasi dan sempel keseluruhan adalah 18 orang sebagai sampel penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata hasil belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran menggunakan Aplikasi Whatsapp sebesar 87,7 dan menggunakan model pembelajaran menggunakan Aplikasi Google Form sebesar 86,3. Sedangkan hasil perhitungan uji t diperoleh hasil taraf signifikasi dengan a= 0,05 dan dk = (n1 +n2– 2) = (18 + 18 – 2) = 34, maka diperolehkan hasil t hitung = 0,03 dan t tabel = 1.734di dapat dari tabel distribusi t, dengan thitung< ttabel ,dengan demikian hipotesis yang dirumuskan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: “ada perberbedaan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran menggunakan Aplikasi Whatsapp dan menggunakan Aplikasi Google Form pada pelajaran ekonomi siswa kelas X SMK Multi Karya Medan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran menggunakan Aplikasi Whatsapp lebih tinggi daripada hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Aplikasi Google Form. (2) Terdapat perbedaan antara Model Pembelajaran Aplikasi Whatsapp dengan Aplikasi Google Form terhadap hasil belajar Siswa.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN MELALUI METODE PEMBELAJARAN EKSPERIMEN
Authors: Diana Dewita
Published: May 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran Keterampilan  di Kelas IX-3 melalui Metode Pembelajaran Eksperimen di SMP Negeri 1 Labuhan Deli  Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan menggunakan 2 siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas IX-3 SMP Negeri 1 Labuhan Deli sebanyak 29 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data adalah menggunakan test, angket  dan observasi. Rentang nilai untuk tes  adalah 1-100. Instrumen yang di gunakan untuk pengelolaan data adalah menggunakan perhitungan jumlah rata-rata siswa yang tuntas, persentase jumlah siswa yang belum tuntas dan persentase jumlah siswa yang sudah tuntas. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar dengan menerapkan Metode pembelajaran Eksperimen dengan hasil sebagai berikut: (1) terdapat peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa, dimana pada test awal rata-rata hasil belajar siswa adalah 41,73 pada siklus I meningkatkan menjadi 66,55 kemudian pada siklus II meningkat lagi menjadi 77,93, terdapat peningkatan jumlah siswa yang tuntas, dimana pada test awal jumlah siswa yang tuntas hanya 0%, meningkat menjadi 65,52% pada siklus I kemudian meningkat lagi menjadi 89,66 pada siklus II, terdapat penurunan jumlah siswa yang tidak tuntas, dimana pada test awal jumlah siswa yang tidak tuntas mencapai 100%, pada siklus I menjadi 34,48% kemudian pada siklus II menurun lagi menjadi 10,34% dengan kata lain hanya 3 siswa saja yang memperoleh nilai 60 dan selebihnya (26) siswa memperoleh nilai 70 dan di atas 70.
MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU DALAM MENERAPKAN KETERAMPILAN BERTANYA MELALUI WORKSHOP
Authors: Torangi Siburian
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi profesional guru dalam menerapkan Keterampilan Bertanya  melalui workshop di SMP Negeri 4 Pancur Batu, SMP Bhakti Bangsa dan SMP Valentine. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian tindakan sekolah melalui 2 siklus, dimana masing-masing siklus memiliki tahap: (1) Perencanaan, (2) Pelaksanaan dan Pengamatan, (3) Evaluasi dan (4) Refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru guru yang mengajar di SMP Negeri 4 Pancur Batu, SMP Bhakti Bangsa dan SMP Valentine Kabupaten Deli Serdang dengan jumlah 30 guru guru.Teknik pemgumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi, wawancara, kuesioner dan studi dokumentasi.Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan teknik perhitungan persentase jumlah guru yang telah menerapkan Keterampilan Bertanya  dan persentase jumlah guru yang belum menerapkan Keterampilan Bertanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Penerapan Keterampilan Bertanya pada siklus I pada proses pembelajaran di kelas sudah diterapkan oleh 14 (70,0%) guru dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 17 (85,0%) guru  yang mampu menerapkan Keterampilan Bertanya  pada proses pembelajaran didalam kelas. Hal ini berarti terjadi peningkatan jumlah guru yang menerapkan Keterampilan Bertanya  sebanyak 3 orang guru (15%). (2) Jumlah guru yang tidak mampu menerapkan Keterampilan Bertanya berkurang dengan hasil bahwa pada siklus I terdapat 6 (30,0 %) guru yang belum mampu menerapkan Keterampilan Bertanya  namun pada Siklus II menurun menjadi 3 (15,0%) guru yang belum mampu menerapkan Keterampilan Bertanya secara utuh. (3) Kompetensi Profesional guru  dalam menerapkan Keterampilan Bertanya  dapat ditingkatkan melalui Workshop.
THE CHILDHOOD TRAUMA OF KATIE IN “MOCKINGBIRD DON’T SING”FILM
Authors: Allif Arya Aditya Garin , Sembiring Milisi
Published: May 2023

Film as a work of art has several elements of art in order to fulfill spiritual needs which not only serves to entertain the audience but also to provide some kind of education or knowledge about certain things. The primary data in this study is to analyze a film entitled Mockingbird Don't Sing by Harry Bromley Davenport and written by Daryl Haney. The main purpose of this study is to describe violence against children, the main character's traumatic behavior, and the causes of the main character's traumatic behavior due to violence against children or child abuse. The method used qualitative method in the research to explain the data, collect data by watching movies repeatedly and then find to Identify data. The classify the data in the table based on the problem of violence regarding children, factors causing traumatic behavior and mental disorders. The analyzed the data using a psychological approach.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN SPEAKING TROUGH ANIMATION MOVIE
Authors: Ambarita Rosmita , Kristiana Vera , Sari Dewi Ratna
Published: May 2023

The objectives of the study were to investigate whether any significant difference in the improvement of students’ ability in story retelling using animation movie and without using animation movie. The total number of populations were 150 students. The sample in this study was 20 students. The researcher carried out an experimental study using statistical method called t-test. The researcher used two groups: experiment group and control group. In the control group the researcher used written text story, while in the experiment group, the researcher used animation movie. The data showed that the mean score of pre-test in experimental class was 73.5, while the mean score of pre-test in control group class was 74. Meanwhile, the mean score of post-test in experimental class was 78.1, and the mean score of post-test in control group class was 74.8. The statistical analysis showed that the minimum gained score of experimental class was 3 and the minimum gained score of control group class was 0. While, the highest gained score of experimental class was 8 and control group class was 2. The average gained score of experimental class was 4.6, and for control group class were 0.8. It can be concluded that the students’ speaking skill in experimental class that were given by the treatment through animation movie were improved more effectively than the control group.
TENSES IN ENGLISH FRIDAY SERMON OF UNIVERSITY OF DARUSSALAM GONTOR
Authors: Sopha Diana , Ningsih Ayu Melati
Published: May 2023

This research is concentrated in the aspect of structure especially tenses. The existence of tenses in English is an obligatory in opposite there is no English without the use of tenses. Thus tense has a very significant function in English. With qualitative research, it can be found that several types of tenses are used in delivering sentences of English Friday Sermon. They are the most dominant tense is Simple Present Tense. Then the other tenses used in English Friday Sermon are Present Perfect Tense, Simple Future Tense and Simple Past Tense.
THE BRAVERY ACT OF MINNY JACKSON AND AIBILEEN CLARK IN THE HELP NOVEL BY KATRHRYN STOCKETT
Authors: Andriani Vinka , Tarihoran Rezky Khoirina , Dewi Ratna Sari
Published: May 2023

This study aims to describe the elements of the novel which include the plot, characters and characterizations, as well as the setting in The Help by Kathryn Stockett, then to describe the acts of courage of Minny Jackson and Aibileen Clark.  This research is a qualitative descriptive using a feminist approach. The results of this study are as follows. (1) The theme of slavery. The two main characters of the black race. Both have different characters. Background in the City of Jackson, Mississippi in the 60's circa 1962 to 1963. (2) Acts of courage Minny Jackson and Aibileen Clark in The Help by Kathryn Stockett.
IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT BRUCELLOSIS PADA DAGING SAPI BERDASARKAN ANALISIS TEKSTUR MENGGUNAKAN GRAY LEVEL COOCURENT MATRIX (GLCM)
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Fachrurrozi , Rosnelly Rika , Matondang Jazmi Hadi , Ziraluo Mega Marisani , Triwanda Eri
Published: May 2023

Seiring dengan meningkatnya konsumsi daging sapi di masyarakat, membuat orang yang tak bertanggung jawab memanfaatkan kondisi dengan menjual daging sapi yang tidak layak konsumsi kepada masyarakat, hal ini terjadi karena kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang ciri-ciri daging sapi berkualitas, untuk mengetahui kualitas daging sapi dapat ditentukan dari tekstur daging sapi. Pada umumnya masyarakat menggunakan penglihatan kasat mata untuk menentukan kualitas daging sapi. Namun, cara tersebut masih kurang efektif karena mata memiliki kelemahan untuk melihat suatu objek secara detail. Penelitian ini bertujuan dalam menganalisis tekstur daging sapi untuk mengidentifikasi kualitas daging sapi dengan menggunakan proses pengolahan citra. Diharapkan dengan penelitian ini, menghasilkan perbedaan terhadap jenis daging yang terkena penyakit brucellosis berdasarkan tekstur daging sapi menggunakan metode Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Parameter yang dianalisis adalah Contrast, Correlation, Energy, Homogeneity. Parameter tersebut akan diterapkan pada citra daging sapi sehat dan daging sapi terpapar brucellosis untuk dicari nilai dari masing - masing parameter. Hasil yang didapatkan, terdapat kesimpulan bahwa penyakit brucellosis dapat dikenali berdasarkan hasil proses ekstraksi fitur citra dengan metode GLCM. Lanjutan yang dapat dilakukan dari penelitian ini, diperlukan metode klasifikasi dalam membedakan citra daging sapi terpapar brucellosis atau daging sehat secara lebih detail.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI WALLPAPER BERBASIS ANDROID MENGGUNAKAN METODE RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Hasyimi Muhammad , Ali Ircham
Published: May 2023

Perkembangan teknologi dan internet mempengaruhi bagaimana masyarakat Indonesia menggunakan smartphone sebagai perangkat utama. Banyak orang menggunakan smartphone berbasis Android dan aplikasi Android sangat populer. Organisasi Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PMII) memiliki visi terwujudnya masyarakat sejahtera dan memiliki misi mengembangkan potensi pribadi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat muslim Indonesia. Untuk beradaptasi dengan era digital, PMII dapat memanfaatkan aplikasi android sebagai salah satu strategi untuk meningkatkan popularitasnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah aplikasi wallpaper bertema PMII menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Kotlin dan database Firebase dengan metode pengembangan Rapid Application Development (RAD). Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa 94,1% responden tertarik dengan aplikasi ini. Aplikasi wallpaper berbasis android ini diharapkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan anggota dan kader PMII di seluruh dunia serta meningkatkan popularitas organisasi PMII di dunia digital. Fitur-fitur pada aplikasi ini antara lain manajemen kontributor, upload karya, info kontributor wallpaper, simpan dan pasang wallpaper.
ANALISIS CONNECTING ROD SEPEDA MOTOR 150 CC MENGGUNAKAN MATERIAL BAJA AISI 1045
Authors: Gunawan Leo Van , Ghozali Muhamad , Rohmat Yusup Nur , Sunaryo Sunaryo , Sukarno Nota Ali
Published: May 2023

Sepeda motor dengan kapasitas 150 cc sering digunakan untuk balapan di Indonesia. Tekanan tinggi dan berulang yang diterima piston selama kompresi menimbulkan beban fatigue pada connecting rod. Pada beberapa kasus, connecting rod dapat terjadi buckling (bengkok) atau fracture (patah) pada bagian kritisnya akibat tidak kuat menahan beban fatigue dari piston. Untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya buckling dan fracture maka diperlukan pemilihan material yang kuat untuk menahan beban fatigue pada connecting rod. Jenis material yang dapat digunakan untuk perancangan connecting rod adalah Baja AISI 1045. Baja AISI 1045 merupakan jenis baja yang dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan komponen mesin kendaraan seperti roda gigi, poros dan connecting rod. Untuk mengetahui besarnya deformasi dan tegangan maksimum pada connecting rod menggunakan baja AISI 1045 diperlukan simulasi melalui Finite Element Methode (FEM) dengan Solidworks. Hasil analisis simulasi menunjukan tegangan maksimum yang didapatkan sebesar 1,996x101 N/mm2 (MPa). Tegangan maksimum tersebut belum melampaui batas yield strength material Baja AISI 1045. Deformasi maksimum di dapatkan sebesar 1,489x10-2 mm sehingga perubahan bentuk yang terjadi masih sangat kecil. Besarnya Factor of Safety  (FoS) didapatkan 26.5 ini menunjukan bahwa perancangan connecting rod menggunakan material Baja AISI 1045 aman untuk digunakan.
Sistem Informasi Seleksi Wisata Halal dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) di Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Gumelar Ardiana Abdul , Heksaputra Dadang
Published: May 2023

Prospek pengembangan wisata halal di Indonesia sudah sangat baik. Hal ini tidak mengherankan mengingat Indonesia banyak mendapatkan penghargaan di bidang destinasi wisata halal di seluruh dunia berdasarkan global muslim travel index (GMTI) pada tahun 2019. Indonesia memiliki potensi yang besar dalam hal industri wisata halal yang berada di berbagai provinsi yang ada di Indonesia salah satunya Kabupaten Bantul yang berada di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Kabupaten Bantul memliki banyak destinasi wisata yang tergolong dari wisata buatan yang berjumlah 35 (tiga puluh lima) destinasi, Wisata Desa yang berjumlah 33 (tiga puluh tiga) destinasi, dan Wisata Alam berjumlah 81 (delapan puluh satu) destinasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis wisata halal di Bantul Yogyakarta dengan sistem pengambil keputusan. Permasalahan yang ditemukan dapat dianalisis mengenai wisata halal di Bantul Yogyakarta dengan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil analisis data yang diperoleh, akan dirancang sebuah sistem informasi pengambil keputusan berbasis website untuk menyeleksi wisata halal di Bantul Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah research and development (R & D) menggunakan metode analisis Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, terdapat 45 (empat puluh lima) lokasi wisata sebagai bahan alternatif dan ada 8 kategori kriteria yaitu Bahan Baku Kuliner (C1), Destinasi dan Atraksi (C2), Sumber Daya Manusia (C3), Fasilitas (C4), Akomodasi (C5), Keamanan dan Kenyamanan (C6), Pemasaran dan Sasaran (C7), dan Aksebilitasi (C8). Diperoleh hasil dari perhitungan dengan metode analytical hierarchy process (AHP) bahwa ada 20 wisata yang menjadi prioritas pilihan wisata halal utama dengan nilai prioritas pilihan yang diperoleh yaitu 0,2361 Gua selarong (A1), Taman Jati Larangan (A2), Taman Kedung Asri (A6), Selopamioro Adventure Park (A7), Via Ferrata Selopamioro (A8), Pantai Parangtritis (A10), Pantai Cangkring (A16), Gunung Mungker (A21), Alas Literasi Banjarharjo (A21), Pintu Langit Dahromo (A25). Pada penelitian ini dalam perhitungan yang dilakukan pada sistem digunakan 6 (enam) sampel sebagai bahan perbandingan. Hasil perangkingan yang dilakukan secara manual maupun dilakukan pada sistem sama yaitu peringkat pertama diperoleh oleh wisata alam Gua Selarong
Otimização da extração de compostos fenólicos do resíduo agroindustrial de Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum (Wild. ex. spreng) K. Schum) da amazônia
Authors: Silva Haroldo Araujo Lourenço da , Moreira Debora Kono Taketa , Santos Alessandra da Silva , Viana Alciene Ferreira da Silva , Oliveira Kelliane Silva de , Cândido Bruno Alves , Silva Bruno Alexandre da , Barata Lauro Euclides Soares
Published: May 2023

A Amazônia possui uma grande diversidade de frutas comestíveis, que dá origem a diversos produtos alimentícios. Essa exploração comercial gera uma quantidade significativa de resíduos, que possuem um potencial com atividade biológica, devido conter compostos fenólicos em suas matrizes. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo empregar a metodologia de superfície de resposta para otimizar as concentrações de etanol (X1 = 25 a 75%) e a proporção solvente:soluto (X2: 30 a 90%) na recuperação de compostos fenólicos (CFT) a partir de resíduos agroindustrias de cupuaçu. O tempo do processo foi fixo em 1 h de extração a 37°C usando o banho por ultrassom assistido. Os resultados sugeriram que as condições ótimas foram concentração de etanol 50% e proporção de soluto: solvente foi de 1:100. Nas condições ótimas, o CFT experimental foi de 18,08 ± 2,37 µg GAE/ mg de casca de cupuaçu seca (CCS), que foi muito próximo ao valor predito. O modelo polinomial de segunda ordem ajustou satisfatoriamente aos dados experimentais com R2 ajustado de 89,70, implicando em uma boa concordância entre os valores preditos e experimentais, o que indica aceitabilidade na otimização das condições de extração de CFT da casca de cupuaçu.
O mundo não é. O mundo está sendo
Authors: Sato Michè¨le , Carniatto Irene , Nepomoceno Taiane Aparecida Ribeiro , Fachin Jakeline Modesta Almeida
Published: May 2023

A saúde ambiental pode ser compreendida como um elemento primordial de manutenção da vida e de vivência. É um dos imperativos que se intensifica e encontra diversos impasses em tempos de pandemia de Covid, diariamente. Embora a literatura se desatualize rapidamente com o mundo ainda pandêmico, o objetivo deste estudo foi registrar aspectos presentes na literatura sobre a Covid-19 e o ambiente. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa fenomenológica, de investigação interpretativa de inúmeros artigos, livros, matérias de jornais e sites de entidades científicas confiáveis. Compreende-se que a saúde planetária está intrinsecamente conectada com a saúde humana e que as injustiças socioeconômicas aumentam as violações de direitos humanos e da natureza. Sem a pretensão de esgotar o debate conceitual, tais estudos buscam contribuir para o enfrentamento do colapso civilizatório, a fim de propor um caminho de esperança. Este movimento do caos à ressignificação do mundo ocorre no balanço da Educação Ambiental, que percebe que o mundo não é. O mundo ainda está sendo.
O uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos durante a gravidez: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Sartori Luciana Bortoli , Silva Chana de Medeiros da
Published: May 2023

É importante desmistificar a convicção de que produtos de origem natural são inofensivos e sua utilização não requer o acompanhamento de um profissional da saúde devidamente qualificado, considerando que independentemente das variáveis geográficas, socioeconômicas e étnico-culturais que eventualmente possam distingui-las, mulheres de todo o mundo fazem uso de plantas medicinais ou fitoterapia durante a gestação. Este artigo objetiva realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura acerca das produções científicas brasileiras publicadas sobre o uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos durante a gravidez. Foi realizado um levantamento das publicações nos últimos 20 anos, nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde com os descritores “medicinal plants AND pregnancy”, “phytotherapy AND pregnancy” e seus correspondentes em português: “plantas medicinais e gravidez”; “fitoterapia e gravidez” no período de julho a outubro de 2020. Compuseram a amostra 27 artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2019 que preencheram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Em conclusão, foi possível verificar que as discussões que permeiam as publicações giram em torno de três grandes temáticas: reações adversas, efeitos embriotóxico, teratogênicos e abortivos das plantas medicinais; segurança e eficácia na utilização de plantas medicinais; e os comportamentos e crenças quanto ao uso de plantas medicinais.
Monitoramento de patentes como fonte de informações estratégicas sobre medicamentos com matéria-prima da biodiversidade
Authors: Oliveira Ana Claudia Dias de , Nogueira Marcelo
Published: May 2023

O sistema de patentes é estratégico para indústrias e instituições de pesquisa. Apesar de a Lei de Propriedade Industrial brasileira vedar o patenteamento de seres vivos e partes dos mesmos, há brechas para proteger inovações com matéria-prima da biodiversidade. Com o objetivo de apresentar um panorama das invenções farmacêuticas envolvendo a biodiversidade, foi realizada uma busca na base de dados do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial de produtos e processos farmacêuticos com princípios ativos oriundos de vegetais, animais e microrganismos. Os resultados mostraram que empresas e universidades têm depositado pedidos de patentes reivindicando extratos, composições farmacêuticas e processos de obtenção inovadores a partir da biodiversidade.
Contribution of physical health, sense of personal agency, and use of social media on the psychological well-being of government internal auditors
Authors: Andayani Sri , Naurasari Putri Aisyah
Published: May 2023

The crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic has harmed the community's physical health, psychological and social well-being. This study aimed to determine the effect of physical health, sense of personal agency, and use of social media on PWB in government internal auditors. The design used in this study is a quantitative correlational approach. This study's results indicate an influence between physical health and a sense of personal agency on PWB in internal government auditors. Physical health affects 23%, while the sense of personal agency is 72%. By calculating all the biopsychosocial model variables, it can be concluded that the sense of personal agency has a more significant influence on PWB than physical health and the use of social media on internal government auditors.
The Effect of self-disclosure on the quality of friendship in adolescent Army fandom
Authors: Rahmawati Ade , Sherina Luthfiya Zahra
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the influence of self-disclosure on the quality of friendship in adolescent ARMY Fandom. The subjects in this study were 300 ARMY fandom adolescents (aged 18-21 years) who had fellow ARMYs recruited incidentally. The result of this study shows that there is an influence of self-disclosure on quality friendship in adolescent ARMY Fandom.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ВИМОГ ДО КАНДИДАТІВ НА ПОСАДУ СУДДІ: УКРАЇНА, ПОЛЬЩА ТА КРАЇНИ ЄС
Authors: Долинська Марія Степанівна , Дутко Альона Олександрівна
Published: May 2023

У статті аналізуються кваліфікаційні вимоги до кандидатів на посаду судді в Україні, Польщі та країнах ЄС, які є системою вимог та умов допуску до зайняття посади судді та своєрідним гарантом якісного правосуддя, високого морального та професійного рівня носіїв судової влади. Автори відзначають, що зазвичай система загальних вимог до кандидатів на посаду судді в різних державах представлена критеріями громадянства, вищої юридичної освіти, мінімальними чи максимальними вимогами щодо віку, практичним досвідом роботи, високими діловими та професійними якостями. Система спеціальних вимог різниться аспектами спеціалізованої судової підготовки чи проходженням необхідного стажування. У статті аналізується міжнародний досвід для запозичення кращих законодавчих практик та рекомендацій щодо удосконалення правового регулювання вимог до кандидата на посаду судді у вітчизняному законодавстві. Автори порівнюють кваліфікаційні вимоги до кандидатів на посаду судді у судах загальної юрисдикції України та Польщі, в апеляційних судах двох держав, у Верховних Судах як України, так і Польщі. У статті автори роблять висновок, що на сьогодні необхідно вдосконалити систему добору суддівських кадрів в Україні. Розробляючи подальший хід судової реформи в Україні, необхідно розглядати судову владу та судову систему як невід’ємну частину державної влади, що залежить від структурних та функціональних змін у державному механізмі, напряму розвитку держави. Автори вважають, що на етапі призначення судді на посаду слід посилити систему та механізми дослідження інформації про кандидата на посаду судді з погляду доброчесності та інших якостей і перегляд вимог щодо віку та професійного стажу для кандидатів на посаду судді.