bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lærerens rolle og elevens medvirkning i den spesialpedagogiske tiltakskjede
Authors: Jones Lise Øen , Hesjedal Elisabeth
Published: March 2021

Artikkelen undersøker lærerens rolle i den spesialpedagogiske tiltakskjeden og videre hvordan elevens medvirkning kan inkluderes i denne prosessen. Tiltakskjeden består av seks faser hvor lærerens rolle er særlig viktig i første, femte og sjette fase. Med utgangspunkt i Lindensjö & Lundgrens (2000) begreper formulering- og realiseringsarenaen, vil vi gjennom et litteratursøk undersøke hva sentrale dokumenter og forskning sier om lærerens rolle og ansvar i den spesialpedagogiske tiltakskjede. Formuleringsarenaen handler om intensjoner og føringer i eksempelvis offentlige styringsdokumenter, mens realiseringsarenaen viser til hvordan disse intensjonene blir iverksatt. I diskusjonsdelen brukes en modell inspirert av Lindensjö og Lundgren (2000) som en analytisk linse for å diskutere artikkelens problemstilling sammen med resultater fra litteratursøket. Våre funn viser at lærernes rolle og ansvar, og elevens medvirkning i liten grad er løftet frem i tiltakskjeden. Resultatet viser at fokus i utvalgte dokumenter og forskingslitteratur har vært/er mer rettet mot saksgang og prosedyrer enn mot lærers rolle, ansvar og barns medvirkning i denne prosessen.
Het voorstel voor de Digital Services Act
Authors: Wilman F.
Published: March 2021

Het voorstel voor de Digital Services Act: op zoek naar nieuw evenwicht in regulering van onlinediensten met betrekking tot informatie van gebruikers

In deze bijdrage wordt het recente voorstel voor de Digital Services Act besproken. De voorgestelde verordening is bedoeld om de digitale interne markt te versterken en, meer specifiek, de activiteiten van aanbieders van onlinediensten die draaien om de doorgifte, opslag en publieke verspreiding van informatie van hun gebruikers – zoals videoplatforms, onlinemarktplaatsen, sociale media en internetaanbieders – beter te reguleren. Het gaat onder meer om hun activiteiten ter bestrijding van illegale inhoud en desinformatie, hun aansprakelijkheid en hun verantwoordelijkheden jegens de gebruikers. We zullen zien dat het DSA-voorstel in verschillende opzichten ambitieus en vernieuwend is, terwijl het op andere punten eerder nuttig-maar-voorspelbaar en behoudend kan worden genoemd. Na een inleiding worden de voorgestelde verplichtingen voor de verschillende onlinedienstverleners achtereenvolgens besproken, gevolgd door enkele algemene opmerkingen.

Europese Commissie, Voorstel voor een Verordening van het Europees Parlement en de Raad betreffende een eengemaakte markt voor digitale diensten (Wet inzake digitale diensten) en tot wijzing van Richtlijn 2000/31/EG, COM(2020)825, 15 december 2020
Las trayectorias hipotéticas de aprendizaje: Un ejemplo en un curso de álgebra lineal
Authors: Cárcamo Andrea , Fortuny Josep Maria , Fuentealba Claudio
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo propone y evalúa una trayectoria hipotética de aprendizaje (THA) para los conceptos de conjunto generador y espacio generado. La THA se diseñó siguiendo el planteamiento de Simon (1995), la heurística de diseño de los modelos emergentes y el mecanismo de reflexión sobre la relación actividad-efecto. Se realizó un experimento con estudiantes universitarios para evaluar si la THA contribuyó al aprendizaje esperado de los conceptos. Para ello, se contrastó la THA con la trayectoria real de aprendizaje (TRA) de dos estudiantes que mostraron aproximarse a las fases clave de la THA. Los resultados muestran que la noción de conjunto es útil para la construcción del concepto de espacio generado y que, además, se requiere incorporar nuevas interrogantes en la THA que faciliten la reflexión sobre la relación actividad-efecto para dar cuenta mejor de la progresión en el aprendizaje.
The Prognostic Value of Fixed Time and Self-Paced Walking Tests in Patients Diagnosed with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Białas Adam , Iwański Mikołaj , Miłkowska-Dymanowska Joanna , Pietrzak Michał , Majewski Sebastian , Górski Paweł , Piotrowski Wojciech J.
Published: March 2021

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a specific form of chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia that has an unknown etiology. The natural history of the disease is characterized by a progressive decline in pulmonary function and overall health and well-being. The median survival time is between 2–3 years; however, the disease course is variable and unpredictable. The twelve-minute walking test (12MWT) and six-minute walking test (6MWT) are two fixed time tests that are commonly used in clinical practice. Our short and clinically oriented narrative review attempted to summarize current evidence supporting the use of fixed time, self-paced walking tests in predicting the outcome of patients diagnosed with IPF. A number of studies have justified that the 6MWT is a simple, cost-effective, well documented, fixed time, and self-paced walking test which is a valid and reliable measure of disease status and can also be used as a prognostic tool in patients with IPF. However, there is a need for dedicated and validated reference equations for this population of patients. It is also necessary to fill the knowledge gap about the role of the 12MWT. We hypothesize that it would be useful in evaluating patients that are in the early stages of the disease.
Competence in Metered-Dose Inhaler Technique among Healthcare Workers of Three General Hospitals in Mexico: It is Not Good after All These Years
Authors: Pérez-Malagón Carlos David , Barrera-Rodríguez Raúl , Casillas Nelly G. Medina , Casillas-Muñoz Juan Pablo , Silva-Sánchez Graciela , Macías-Limón Cynthia
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Inhaled medication is the cornerstone of pharmacological treatment for chronic respiratory diseases. Therefore, it is important to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) correctly to get the appropriate dosage and benefit from the drug. Health-care workers (HCW) are responsible for teaching the correct MDI technique. Unfortunately, numerous studies consistently show that HCW have poor MDI technique. This study aimed to evaluate the current knowledge of MDI technique in HCW working in three general hospitals. Material and methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in three general hospitals in Aguascalientes, México. Three surveyors simultaneously scored through a 14 dichotomic questions list as bad, regular, good, and very good MDI technique. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test or unpaired t-tests. An analysis of one-way ANOVA was used for comparison of three independent general hospitals. Values of p < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: A total of 244 HCWs were surveyed: 78.3% were nurses whereas 21.3% were physicians. The inter-observer concor-dance analysis among observers was 0.97. We observed that 32.4% (79) performed a bad technique, 51.6% (126) a regular technique, 13.5% (33) a good one, and 2.5% HCW (6) a very good technique. No difference between gender, labor category, schedule, service, age, seniority, and education degree between the three hospitals was observed. The most common mistakes were “insufficient expiration prior to activation of the device”, and “the distance the inhaler was placed for inhalation” (83 and 84% respectively). Conclusion: We observed that a high percentage of HCW do not follow the MDI technique correctly, being this percentage even higher than the reported in other studies. These observations suggest the urgent need to establish frequent training programs for the correct use of MDI.
Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy (TBCB) Performed in Acute COVID-19 Pneumonia: First Report
Authors: Ehab Ahmed , Reissfelder Florian , Laufer Juergen , Kempa Axel
Published: March 2021

A COVID-19 diagnosis is usually based on PCR detection of viral RNA in airway specimens in a patient with typical clinical fea-tures. Histological features of the COVID-19 lung disease are reported from autopsies. Transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) is an evolving technique usually performed in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. We report a TBCB in a 76-year-old female patient who had repeatedly tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pathological examination revealed the presence of interstitial pneumonia with lymphocytic infiltration. The qRT-PCR against SARS-CoV-2 from a pharyngeal swab was positive after performing the TBCB.
Pensamiento crítico, constitucionalismo crítico ante una realidad constituyente: la desigualdad
Authors: De Cabo Carlos
Published: March 2021

La yuxtaposición que aparece en el título de este trabajo (pensamiento crítico, constitucionalismo crítico) indica, ciertamente, la relación inmediata que los vincula en cuanto ambos responden a la misma matriz lógica e histórica que se inicia en la Ilustración. A partir de ahí, el racionalismo que aparece va desarrollando todas sus potencialidades que permiten “liberar” a la razón para que despliegue todas sus capacidades cognitivas, eliminando las falsas conciencias. En su versión jurídico constitucional, junto a otras vías, le permiten librarse de la falsa conciencia positivista; pero, así mismo, ambos forman parte de “la crítica”, que en sentido moderno también se inicia en la fase ilustrada, pero ahora ya no sólo como creación teórica sino con base material, en cuanto surge la realidad de las clases y, por consiguiente, la posibilidad de alternativa y de la crítica como vehículo que la encarna. Ahora bien, como esta posible alternativa abre también la posibilidad de conflicto entre las diferentes opciones, quiere decirse que el pensamiento crítico se define como el pensamiento del conflicto. Y, así mismo, el constitucionalismo crítico como el constitucionalismo del conflicto.
Hablando llanamente: Monarquía y Estado democrático. Notas sobre una paradoja
Authors: Martínez Sospedra Manuel
Published: March 2021

Monarquía y Democracia obedecen a principios distintos, cuentan con cada una de ellas con su propia lógica y exigencias, de tal modo que el principio monárquico y el democrático resultan lógicamente incompatibles. Sin embargo la realidad muestra que puede haber y hay democracias de alta calidad que, al mismo tiempo, son Monarquías, y que hay sobrada argumentación para sostener las ventajas de la forma monárquica en el Estado Constitucional Democrático. Una posible vía de explicación, que aquí se explora, sostiene que tal clase de Estado, procede de la confluencia de dos corrientes ideológicas distintas, confluencia que produce una combinación con la concepción propia del Estado Constitucional como un Estado de “constitución limitada”, división de poderes, derechos fundamentales y representación, y una tradición democrática republicana que defiende la necesidad del sufragio universal y, con el, la política de masas y los instrumentos necesarios para que uno y otra puedan desenvolverse. Aplicando el criterio clásico de raíz helénica el Estado Constitucional Democrático actual es, en rigor, una variante contemporánea de la vieja idea del “gobierno mixto”, en la que el principio de legitimidad democrática, el sufragio universal y los derechos de participación constituyen en componente democrático, las elecciones y la representación definen el componente aristocrático y las magistraturas unipersonal en monárquico. Lo que permite explicar la paradoja de la Monarquia Democrática.
Acerca del Estado regional y la nueva Constitución. Presente y por-venir
Authors: Zúñiga Urbina Francisco
Published: March 2021

En el presente artículo, se analiza la reforma constitucional impulsada por el segundo gobierno de Michelle Bachelet (2014-2018) sobre Estado regional y los nuevos órganos: gobernador regional, delegación presidencial regional, materializada en la Ley de reforma constitucional Nº 20.990, que busca obtener un país más descentralizado y desconcentrado institucionalmente, trasladando las funciones propias del intendente regional a estas nuevas figuras, y además, se aborda como se proyectaría la distribución territorial del poder en el debate de contenidos de la nueva Constitución, en la Convención Constitucional elegida el 11 de abril de 2021.
Fiammetta Salmoni, Stabilità finanziaria, Unione bancaria europea e Costituzione
Authors: De Fiores Claudio
Published: March 2021

Fiammetta Salmoni,Stabilità finanziaria, Unione bancaria europea e Costituzione, Milano, Cedam, 2019, 496 págs.
Safe Motherhood after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Term Pregnancy with Eclampsia: A Maternal Near Miss
Authors: Bhatia Ruby , Bhatia Rohan , Pathak Vartika , Mor Sunita , Gupta Surbhi
Published: March 2021

Cardiac arrest in a term pregnancy is rare with a survival rate of 15-20% and mortality rate as high as 42%. Eclampsia, amniotic fluid embolism, haemorrhagic shock, sepsis, pulmonary thromboembolic events, and anaesthetic complications are significant causes of cardiac arrest. We report a rarest case of a young 26-year-old unbooked primigravida, 38+4 weeks gestation with eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, thrombocytopenia with sudden cardiac arrest-A Maternal Near Miss. Prompt resuscitation with obstetric, and anaesthetist specialist team, paved the journey to safe motherhood. An emergency Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) immediately after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) was performed. Ventilator support was continued for 72 hours. Successful CPR and immediate caesarean section paved the way to safe motherhood with discharge of healthy mother and baby on 12th post LSCS day. With increasing trends towards high-risk pregnancy and maternal near miss cases, a thorough knowledge in the management of cardiac arrest in pregnancy with advanced resuscitation skills among obstetricians, anaesthetists, and nursing staff is need of the millennium. Repeated simulation learning and mock drills in CPR in pregnancy should be advocated.
Bioresorbable Scaffolds with Biocatalytic Chemotherapy and In Situ Microenvironment Modulation for Postoperative Tissue Repair
Authors: Xue Chen‐Cheng , Li Meng‐Huan , Sutrisno Linawati , Yan Bei‐Bei , Zhao Yang , Hu Yan , Cai Kai‐Yong , Zhao Yanli , Yu Shu‐Hong , Luo Zhong
Published: March 2021

New biomaterials with antitumor and tissue repair function have become increasingly important for the postoperative care of melanoma surgery, which could prolong the tumor‐free survival of patients while simultaneously facilitating the reconstruction of the trauma tissue. For this purpose, a bioresorbable composite scaffold is designed which is fabricated by depositing therapeutic amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC)‐based nanoformulations in gelatin/polycaprolactone (GP) nanofibers via electrospinning. The ACC nanoformulations are integrated with Fe2+‐preactivated bleomycin to deliver biocatalytically enhanced therapeutic effect while the hydrolysable ACC contents can act as proton scavengers to ameliorate the tumor tissue acidity in situ, leading to sustained inhibition on tumor recurrence and metastasis. The acid‐triggered ACC decomposition also releases Ca2+ to activate the downstream Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways, which can cooperate with the healing effect of the GP substrate and accelerate wound regeneration. The nanoengineered scaffold can be useful as a supplementary treatment for the postoperative management of melanoma.
Emergency medicine clerkship director experience adapting emergency remote learning during the onset of COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ren Ronnie , Parekh Kendra , Franzen Doug , Estes Molly , Camejo Melanie , Olaf Mark , Zhang Xiao Chi
Published: March 2021

Objectives

The recent outbreak of the COVID‐19 altered the traditional paradigm of clinical medical education. While individual clerkships have shared their curricular adaptations via social and academic networking media, there is currently no organizational standard in establishing a nonclinical, emergency medicine (EM) virtual rotation (VR). The primary objective of this study was to describe EM clerkship directors’ (CDs) perspectives on their experience adapting an EM VR curriculum during the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A 21‐item survey with quantitative and qualitative questions was disseminated between June and August 2020 to EM CDs via the Clerkship Director of Emergency Medicine Listserv to describe their experience and perspectives in adapting a VR during spring 2020.

Results

We analyzed 59 of 77 EM clerkship survey responses. Among respondents, 52% adapted a VR while 47.5% did not. Of those who adapted a VR, 71% of CDs had 2 weeks or less to develop the new curriculum, with 84% reporting usual or increased clinical load during that time. Clerkships significantly diversified their asynchronous educational content and utilized several instructional models to substitute the loss of clinical experience. Reflecting on the experience, 71% of CDs did not feel comfortable writing a standardized letter of evaluation for students based on the VR, with the majority citing inability to evaluate students’ competencies in a clinical context.

Conclusion

A crisis such as COVID‐19 necessitates change in all facets of medical education. While EM educators demonstrated the ability to create emergency remote learning with limited time, this was not equivalent to the formal development of preplanned VR experiences. Future faculty development and curriculum innovation are required to fully transition an in‐person immersive experience to a noninferior virtual experience.
The society for craniofacial genetics and developmental biology 43rd annual meeting
Authors: Brugmann Samantha , Clouthier David E. , Saint‐Jeannet Jean‐Pierre , Taneyhill Lisa A. , Moody Sally A.
Published: March 2021

The Society for Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology (SCGDB) held its 43rd annual meeting in a virtual format on October 19–20, 2020. The SCGDB meeting included the presentation of the SCGDB Distinguished Scientists in Craniofacial Research Awards to Marilyn Jones and Kerstin Ludwig and four scientific sessions on the molecular regulation of craniofacial development, craniofacial morphogenesis, translational craniofacial biology, and signaling during craniofacial development. The meeting also included workshops on career development, NIH/NIDCR funding, and the utility of the FaceBase database, as well as two poster sessions. Over 190 attendees from 21 states, representing over 50 different scientific institutions, participated. This diverse group of scientists included cell biologists, developmental biologists, and clinical geneticists. While in‐person interactions were missed due to the virtual meeting format imposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic, the meeting platform provided ample opportunities for participant interactions and discussions, thus strengthening the community.
Targetable pathogenic mechanisms in nasal polyposis
Authors: Schneider Alexander L. , Schleimer Robert P. , Tan Bruce K.
Published: March 2021

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) represents a challenging disease entity with significant rates of recurrence following appropriate medical and surgical therapy. Recent approval of targeted biologics in CRSwNP compels deeper understanding of underlying disease pathophysiology. Both of the approved biologics for CRSwNP modulate the type 2 inflammatory pathway, and the majority of drugs in the clinical trials pathway are similarly targeted. However, there remain multiple other pathogenic mechanisms relevant to CRSwNP for which targeted therapeutics already exist in other inflammatory diseases that have not been studied directly. In this article we summarize pathogenic mechanisms of interest in CRSwNP and discuss the results of ongoing clinical studies of targeted therapeutics in CRSwNP and other related human inflammatory diseases.
Flower‐like Fe‐Co‐M (M=S, O, P and Se) Nanosheet Arrays Grown on Nickel Foam as High‐efficiency Bifunctional Electrocatalysts
Authors: Ma Guangyu , Du Xiaoqiang , Zhang Xiaoshuang
Published: March 2021

The development of highly efficient, inexpensive, abundant and non‐precious metal electrocatalysts is the lifeblood of the hydrogen production industry, especially the hydrogen production industry by electrolysis of water. A Fe‐Co‐S/NF bifunctional electrocatalyst with nanoflower‐like structure was synthesized on three‐dimensional porous nickel foam through one‐step hydrothermal and one‐step high‐temperature sulfuration operations, and the material displays high‐efficiency electrocatalytic performance. As a catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, Fe‐Co‐S/NF can drive a current density of 10 mA/cm2 at an overpotential of 143 mV with a Tafel slope of 80.2 mV/dec. When it was used as an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, it exhibits good OER reactivity with a low Tafel slope (82.6 mV/dec) and with requiring only 117 mV overpotential to drive current densities up to 50 mA/cm2. In addition, the Fe‐Co‐S/NF//Fe‐Co‐S/NF electrolytic cell was assembled, an electrolysis voltage of 1.64 V is required to drive a current density of 50 mA/cm2, which is one of the most active catalysts reported so far. This work indicates that the introduction of S, P and Se treating processes could effectively improve electrical conductivity of the material and enhance the catalytic activity of the material. This work offers an effective and convenient method for improving the morphology of the catalyst, increasing the surface area of the catalyst and developing high‐efficiency and low‐cost catalysts.
Quantitative study showing how and why students access lecture recordings, and of the association between accessing and academic outcomes, in a biochemistry course
Authors: Doggrell Sheila Anne
Published: March 2021

Many factors predict academic performance at university but accessing lecture recordings has not been established as one. Our aims were to quantify how and why biochemistry students accessed lecture recordings and to determine any association between accessing lecture recordings and academic outcomes. Lecture recording access data was collected and related to academic outcomes. On average, students accessed 46% of lecture recordings and each recording was accessed 2.3 times, but not to completion. After lecture delivery, students were slow to access lecture recordings, and the number of accesses was still increasing prior to the examinations. For the entire cohort, there were weak positive associations between accessing lecture recordings and academic outcomes for the semester, and between the access to lecture recordings in weeks 1–5 and 6–11 with the mid‐semester and final examination, respectively. For programs, the weak association for the semester was only apparent for the pharmacy and biomedical science students, and not for the medical laboratory or nutrition students. The most common reason for accessing lecture recording was to “Revise lecture concepts for assessment purposes.” For students, who did not attend lectures, lecture recordings were accessed predominantly as “I prefer the flexibility of online recordings.” Flexibility was also the theme of the positive additional feedback on accessing lecture recordings. In conclusion, consideration needs to be given on how to persuade students to access lecture recordings in a timelier way. As accessing lecture recordings is weakly associated with positive academic outcomes for some program cohorts, this supports their continued availability.
A remote undergraduate biology seminar on SARS‐CoV‐2 literature
Authors: Leri Alessandra C.
Published: March 2021

At our small liberal arts college, we require undergraduates majoring in Biology and Biomedical Sciences to take a seminar in the spring of their senior year. Each year, the seminar focuses on a different topic in molecular biology and/or biochemistry. The course operates as a “journal club”—every week, a student presents a peer‐reviewed research article, and the instructor moderates a discussion. When the transition to remote learning occurred due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in March 2020, the seminar meetings were moved online to a Zoom‐based platform, and the course topic was changed to focus on emerging research regarding the novel coronavirus. The continuation of the Biology senior seminar in a remote context was straightforward, and the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus furnished a rich theme for exploration of diverse topics in molecular biology and genetics.
fMRI as an outcome measure in clinical trials: A systematic review in clinicaltrials.gov
Authors: Sadraee Alaleh , Paulus Martin , Ekhtiari Hamed
Published: March 2021

Introduction

More than one‐thousand trials with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as an outcome measure were registered in clinicaltrials.gov at the time of writing this article. However, 93% of these registered trials are still not completed with published results and there is no picture available about methodological dimensions of these ongoing trials with fMRI as an outcome measure.

Methods

We collected trials that use fMRI as an outcome measure in the ClinicalTrials.gov registry on 13 October 2018 and reviewed each trial's record entry. Eligible trials’ characteristics were extracted and summarized.

Results

In total, 1,386 clinical trials were identified that reported fMRI in their outcome measures with fMRI as the only primary outcome in 33% of them. 82% of fMRI trials were started after 2011. The most frequent intervention was drug (pharmacological intervention) (29%). 57% of trials had parallel assignment design and 20% were designed for cross‐over assignment. For task‐based fMRI, cognitive systems (46%) based on Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) was the most frequent domain of tasks. Less than one‐third of trials (28%) registered at least one region of interest for their analysis. Food cue reactivity task, pain perception task, n‐back task, and monetary incentive delay task were recruited in more than 25 registered trials.

Conclusion

The number of fMRI trials (fMRI as an outcome measure) with both task and rest protocols is growing rapidly. Our study suggests a growing need for harmonization and standardized checklists on both methods and analysis for preregistration of fMRI‐based outcomes in clinical trials.
Complete revascularization in stable multivessel coronary artery disease: A real world analysis from the British Columbia Cardiac Registry
Authors: Iqbal M. Bilal , Moore Peter T. , Nadra Imad J. , Robinson Simon D. , Fretz Eric , Ding Lillian , Fung Anthony , Aymong Eve , Chan Albert W. , Hodge Steven , Webb John , Sheth Tej , Jolly Sanjit S. , Mehta Shamir R. , Sathananthan Janarthanan , Wood David A. , Della Siega Anthony ,   The British Columbia Cardiac Registry Investigators
Published: March 2021

Background

More than half of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have multivessel disease (MVD). The prognostic significance of PCI in stable patients has recently been debated, but little data exists about the potential benefit of complete revascularization (CR) in stable MVD. We investigated the prognostic benefit of CR in patients undergoing PCI for stable disease.

Methods

We compared CR versus incomplete revascularization (IR) in 8,436 patients with MVD. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality at 5 years.

Results

A total of 1,399 patients (17%) underwent CR during the index PCI procedure for stable disease. CR was associated with lower mortality (6.2 vs. 10.7%, p < .001) and lower repeat revascularization at 5 years (12.7 vs. 18.4%, p < .001). Multivariable‐adjusted analyses indicated that CR was associated with lower mortality (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58–0.91, p = .005) and repeat revascularization at 5 years (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66–0.93, p = .005). These findings were also confirmed in propensity‐matched cohorts. Subgroup analyses indicated that CR conferred survival in older patients, male patients, absence of renal disease, greater angina (CCS Class III‐IV) and heart failure (NYHA Class III‐IV) symptoms, and greater burden of coronary disease. In sensitivity analyses where patients with subsequent repeat revascularization events were excluded, CR remained a strong predictor for lower mortality (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.54–0.89, p = .004).

Conclusions

In this study of stable patients with MVD, CR was an independent predictor of long‐term survival. This benefit was specifically seen in higher risk patient groups and indicates that CR may benefit selected stable patients with MVD.
Richter's transformation as leptomeningeal infiltration in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient receiving venetoclax. Could blood‐brain barrier be a disease “sanctuary” during venetoclax treatment?
Authors: Dimou Maria , Bitsani Aikaterini , Roumelioti Maria , Dimitrakopoulou Aglaia , Iliakis Theodore , Pardalis Vasileios , Grafakos Ioannis , Kalyva Sotiria , Markopoulos Athanasios , Kyrtsonis Marie‐Christine , Panayiotidis Panayiotis
Published: March 2021

Our unique case of Richter's Transformation presenting as leptomeningial infiltration in a CLL patient receiving venetoclax raises questions on whether the drug penetrates the blood‐brain barrier and at what extend, especially in reduced doses given for drug‐drug interactions.
Management of primary molars with irreversible pulpitis employing tampon pulpotomy: Report of three cases with 34‐month mean follow‐up
Authors: Asgary Saeed , Sarraf Shirazi Alireza , Sabbagh Sedigheh
Published: March 2021

This study suggests that tampon‐based coronal pulpotomy using a calcium silicate–based biomaterial can be a reliable approach for the treatment of vital primary molars with irreversible pulpitis.
A new process for creating a solid‐phase sintered body using a unique densification process between powders
Authors: Ishikawa Toshihiro , Naito Makio
Published: March 2021

SiC‐polycrystalline fiber (Tyranno SA) had been developed using a conversion process from amorphous Si‐Al‐C‐O fiber to SiC‐polycrystalline fiber via carbothermal reduction (~1700°C) and sintering processes (~2000°C). In the conversion process, the carbothermal reduction (SiO + 2C → SiC + CO and SiO2 + 3C → SiC + 2CO) of the oxide phase and residual carbon contained in the raw Si‐Al‐C‐O fiber and the subsequent sintering proceed inside each filament. Here, we describe a new densification process of SiC powder that optimally uses the conversion process from Si‐Al‐C‐O fiber to SiC‐polycrystalline fiber. In this new process, we adopted the densification process, that occurred in each filament of the Si‐Al‐C‐O fiber, for the development of a dense SiC sintered body using partially oxidized SiC‐powder with surface oxide layer and polymer‐derived pyro‐carbon containing a considerable quantity of aluminum as sintering aid for SiC crystals. Herein, the reactions and sintering, which occurred in each filament of Si‐Al‐C‐O fiber, proceeded in the interstices of SiC powder to create a dense SiC body. In this paper, we will describe the new densification system of SiC powder.
An Envelope Algorithm for Single Nanoparticle Collision Electrochemistry†
Authors: Xu Chun‐Yu , Yu Ru‐Jia , Ni Xue , Xu Su‐Wen , Fu Xi‐Xin , Wan Yong‐Jing , Ying Yi‐Lun , Long Yi‐Tao
Published: March 2021

Main observation and conclusion

Single nanoparticle collision has attracted great attention in the last several years to reveal the electron transfer and motion trajectories of individual particles at the electrode surface. An envelope algorithm is proposed for further reading and demonstrating the corresponding current signals, which integrates baseline correction, peak identification and Savitzky‐Golay filter. It is employed for data analysis of the single AgNPs collision on a wireless nanopore electrode to eliminate the current noise and accurately calculate the integrated charges in each current spike. The practicability and robustness of the algorithm are verified under additive Gaussian white noise with the signal‐to‐noise ratio higher than 5. By comparing with traditional Gaussian peak model, the algorithm here shows comparable performance for the peak identification and integrated charge calculation. These results signify a big step from manual Gaussian fitting to automatically data processing method, which facilitates a fast acquisition of intrinsic features in single entity electrochemistry.
Non‐invasive characterization of yellow dyes in tapestries of the 18th century: Influence of composition on degradation
Authors: de La Codre Hortense , Marembert Charlotte , Claisse Pauline , Daniel Floréal , Chapoulie Rémy , Servant Laurent , Mounier Aurélie
Published: March 2021

Aubusson (France) has been inscribed on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO since 2009 for its centuries‐old tradition for the art of tapestry. The present study concerns one of these “Grand teint” tapestries, a Verdure with Count von Brühl's coat of arms (18th C.), characterized by very high‐quality dyeing and fine weaving. The restoration in progress allowed the removal of the lining of the back, which protected the colour from light. Hyperspectral imagery and μ‐spectrofluorimetry made on each side of the tapestry showed the influence of natural degradation of dyes. Experimental tests carried out model samples artificially aged, allowed us a better understanding of these observations. The fibers (silk and wool) and dyes (weld, …) were identified and the roles of alum and tartar as mordants were questioned. Our work revealed the action of the recipe on the photodegradation rate and the effect of aging on the spectra's shape for yellow dyes and the disappearance of some compounds, such as chlorophyll “a,” as a marker of the degradation.
Assessing Soil Health: Measuring the Soil Microbiome
Authors: Rieke Elizabeth , Cappellazzi Shannon
Published: March 2021

The following article is the fourth in a six‐part series on assessing soil health. It focuses on measuring the soil microbiome. It is part of a larger Soil Science Society of America webinar series produced in partnership with The Soil Health Institute and sponsored by The Walton Family Foundation. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/950.
Managing Phosphorus and Potassium Is Key in Conservation Tillage Systems
Authors: Sever Megan
Published: March 2021

More and more, North American farms are moving toward conservation tillage practices, including no‐till and strip‐till. With this trend has come a lot of questions about how best to apply fertilizers, especially phosphorus and potassium, in conservation tillage. In a recent study, researchers examined how yield and root growth in corn and soybean crops are affected by tillage, fertilizer application rates, and fertilizer placement. The team also looked at nutrient use efficiencies and soil phosphorus and potassium levels. The findings echo the results of previous studies and provide a baseline for best practice recommendations. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/946.
Genomic prediction for grain yield in a barley breeding program using genotype × environment interaction clusters
Authors: Lin Zibei , Robinson Hannah , Godoy Jayfred , Rattey Allan , Moody David , Mullan Daniel , Keeble‐Gagnere Gabriel , Forrest Kerrie , Tibbits Josquin , Hayden Matthew J. , Daetwyler Hans , Pino Del Carpio Dunia
Published: March 2021

Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) is one of the key factors affecting breeding value estimation accuracy for agronomic traits in plant breeding. Measures of GEI include fitting prediction models with various kernels to capture the variance resulting from GEI, and characterizing trials into megaenvironment (ME) clusters within which breeding values can be estimated to remove the main GEI effects. However, many of the current approaches require observations of common genotypes across all trials, which is unavailable in most breeding programs. Our study introduces two methods that can be implemented on unbalanced data to categorize trials into clusters, where both need a correlation matrix between trials: one estimated via a factor analytic (FA) model and another estimated via weather variables. The methods were tested using empirical barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield data in a commercial breeding program from 102 trials over 5 yr spread across multiple locations in Australia. Leave‐one‐year‐out cross‐validation achieved comparable predictive accuracies using either trials or clusters as the observed variable in GEI FA models (max. 0.45), which was higher than the accuracy achieved using the non‐GEI model (0.37). In the random cross‐validations, accuracies achieved within clusters (0.42–0.64) were mostly comparable with those achieved in the full population (0.62). In the within‐cluster validations, higher predictive accuracies were achieved when the training population was from the same cluster (mean 0.22) than outside of the cluster (mean 0.16). Our proposed methods of characterizing multienvironment trials into clusters provides a novel way to define training populations by reducing the variance resulting from GEI and could be implemented in any plant breeding program.
Genetic dynamics of flowering date evolved from later to earlier in annual wild and cultivated soybean in China
Authors: Liu Fangdong , He Jianbo , Wang Wubin , Xing Guangnan , Zhao Jinming , Li Yan , Gai Junyi
Published: March 2021

At its center of origin, the Chinese soybean germplasm pool (CSGP) consists of annual wild (WA), farmers’ landrace (LR), and released cultivar (RC) populations. A representative sample (1,024 accessions) was studied for genetic dynamics of days to flowering (DTF) shortening in two evolutionary processes (WA→LR→RC and southern→northern) via direct comparisons of quantitative trait loci (QTL)–allele matrices among populations and subpopulations using a restricted two‐stage multilocus genome‐wide association analysis (RTM‐GWAS). In CSGP, 177 DTF QTL with 797 alleles explaining 95.1% phenotypic variation were identified and organized into a DTF QTL–allele matrix and its component submatrices. (i) Allele inheritance, emergence, exclusion. and recombination were major genetic drivers of DTF‐shortening for WA→LR→RC. (ii) Genetic drivers for southern→northern differed between wild and cultivated soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], with less allele exclusion, more allele emergence, and slighter allele change in WA than in LR plus RC. (iii) The LR furthest south (LRIV) was recognized as the primitive LR subpopulation, as it had the most wild alleles and newly formed QTL and alleles. (iv) Combining the WA→LR→RC and southern→northern processes, the DTF shortening was divided into four periods: WASouth→WANorth, WASouth→LRSouth, LRSouth→LRNorth, and LR→RC; the per‐year allele change rate in LR→RC exceeded the others (backward in turn), and breeding effort accelerated allele emergence and exclusion (changed). (v) Out of 177 loci and 797 alleles, 83 and 207, respectively, changed in WA→LR→RC and southern→northern processes, especially eight new loci emerged in LR and RC; in total, 81 candidate genes were annotated and grouped into six flowering‐related biological processes. (vi) Further DTF shortening (4.2–11.1 d) in CSGP was predicted. This study comprehensively explored the evolutionary mechanism of DTF shortening in WA→LR→RC and southern→northern processes through QTL–allele matrix comparisons by using RTM‐GWAS.
Polarization force in an opposite polarity dusty plasma with hybrid Cairns–Tsallis distributed electrons
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Jan Qasim
Published: March 2021

The effect of polarization force acting on oppositely charged dust grains in magnetized plasma is analysed for obliquely propagating low frequency electrostatic waves with Maxwellian ions, and non‐Maxwellian electrons following the hybrid Cairns–Tsallis velocity distribution. It is shown that the polarization force acting on positively charged dust grain is different from the one acting on negatively charged dust grain in the presence of hybrid Cairns–Tsallis distributed electrons. A nonlinear equation in the form of Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation is derived via perturbation analysis for the description of electrostatic solitary structures in the limit of weak‐amplitude. A parametric investigation determines the modifications arising in the propagation of dust acoustic soliton due to the presence of polarization force and hybrid Cairns–Tsallis distributed electrons. It is also found that the effect of polarization force is more pronounced for heavier dust grain with high charge number. Finally, there is a lower limit found for the q‐nonextensive parameter, below which modifications in soliton profile cease to exist due to the presence of hybrid Cairns–Tsallis distributed electrons.
Controlled protein adsorption on a silica microparticle
Authors: Canpolat Cetin , Tatlisoz Mehmet Melih
Published: March 2021

In the present study, controlled protein adsorption on a rigid silica microparticle is investigated numerically using classical Langmuir and two‐state models under electrokinetic flow conditions. The instantaneous particle locations are simulated along a straight microchannel using an arbitrary Lagrangian−Eulerian framework in the finite element method for the electrophoretic motion of the charged particle. Within the scope of the parametric study, the strength of the external electric field (E), particle diameter (Dp), the zeta potential of the particle (ζp), and the location of the microparticle away from the channel wall (H) are systematically varied. The results are also compared to the data of pressure‐driven flow having a parabolic flow profile at the inlet whose maximum magnitude is set to the particle's electrophoretic velocity magnitude. The validation studies reveal that the code developed for the particle motion in the present simulations agrees well with the experimental results. It is observed that protein adsorption can be controlled using electrokinetic phenomena. The plug‐like flow profile in electrokinetics is beneficial for a microparticle at every spatial location in the microchannel, whereas it is not valid for the pressure‐driven flow. The electric field strength and the zeta potential of the particle accelerate the protein adsorption. The wall shear stress and shear rate are good indicators to predict the adsorption process for electrokinetic flow.
Design and engineering of high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerator for ubiquitous unattended devices
Authors: Yang Hongmei , Fan Feng Ru , Xi Yi , Wu Wenzhuo
Published: March 2021

The ability of future electronics to derive operational power from the working environment is attractive for realizing self‐powered unattended electronics. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) effectively harvests the otherwise wasted ubiquitous mechanical energy. Despite the recent advances in the design and development of various triboelectric devices, these devices' output still falls short in meeting the practical needs of directly powering electronics and sensors. Here, we review the recent progress in the design and optimization strategies for improving the TENG output performance, including but not limited to theoretical simulation, materials engineering, device engineering, and power management. The ubiquitous applications of the TENGs in micro/high‐voltage power source, multifunctional intelligence, blue energy harvesting, and self‐powered electrochemical system are also discussed. Finally, we provide our perspectives regarding the challenges and opportunities for the future development of triboelectric devices with engineered high‐performance and designer functionalities.

image
Treatment outcomes of psychotherapy for binge‐eating disorder in a randomized controlled trial: Examining the roles of childhood abuse and post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Hazzard Vivienne M. , Crosby Ross D. , Crow Scott J. , Engel Scott G. , Schaefer Lauren M. , Brewerton Timothy D. , Castellini Giovanni , Trottier Kathryn , Peterson Carol B. , Wonderlich Stephen A.
Published: March 2021

Objective

To examine childhood abuse and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as predictors and moderators of binge‐eating disorder (BED) treatment outcomes in a randomized controlled trial comparing Integrative Cognitive‐Affective Therapy with cognitive‐behavioural therapy administered using guided self‐help.

Method

In 112 adults with BED, childhood abuse was defined as any moderate/severe abuse as assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, lifetime PTSD was assessed via the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV, and outcomes were assessed via the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). Covariate‐adjusted regression models predicting binge‐eating frequency and EDE global scores at end of treatment and 6‐month follow‐up were conducted.

Results

Lifetime PTSD predicted greater binge‐eating frequency at end of treatment (B = 1.32, p = 0.009) and childhood abuse predicted greater binge‐eating frequency at follow‐up (B = 1.00, p = 0.001). Lifetime PTSD moderated the association between childhood abuse and binge‐eating frequency at follow‐up (B = 2.98, p = 0.009), such that childhood abuse predicted greater binge‐eating frequency among participants with a history of PTSD (B = 3.30, p = 0.001) but not among those without a PTSD history (B = 0.31, p = 0.42). No associations with EDE global scores or interactions with treatment group were observed.

Conclusions

Results suggest that a traumatic event history may hinder treatment success and that PTSD may be more influential than the trauma exposure itself.
Sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma is distinct from ordinary hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinicopathologic, transcriptomic and immunologic analyses
Authors: Morisue Ryo , Kojima Motohiro , Suzuki Toshihiro , Nakatsura Tetsuya , Ojima Hidenori , Watanabe Reiko , Sugimoto Motokazu , Kobayashi Shin , Takahashi Shinichiro , Konishi Masaru , Ishii Genichiro , Gotohda Naoto , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi , Ochiai Atsushi
Published: March 2021

Sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC), which was a rare histological subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is currently subclassified as poorly differentiated HCC because of insufficient evidence to define SHCC as a subtype of HCC. We aimed to assess the feasibility of classifying SHCC as a histological subtype of HCC by comprehensively identifying novel and distinct characteristics of SHCC compared to ordinary HCC (OHCC). Fifteen SHCCs (1.4%) defined as HCC with at least a 10% sarcomatous component, 15 randomly disease‐stage‐matched OHCCs and 163 consecutive OHCCs were extracted from 1106 HCCs in the Pathology Database (1997‐2019) of our hospital. SHCC patients showed poor prognosis, and the tumors could be histologically subclassified into the pleomorphic, spindle and giant cell types according to the subtype of carcinomas with sarcomatoid or undifferentiated morphology in other organs. The transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct characteristics of SHCC featuring the upregulation of genes associated with epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and inflammatory responses. The fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry results revealed prominent programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression on sarcomatoid tumor cells and higher infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in SHCCs compared to OHCCs. The density of CD8+ T cells in the nonsarcomatous component of SHCCs was also higher than that in OHCCs. In conclusion, the comprehensive analyses in our study demonstrated that SHCC is distinct from OHCC in terms of clinicopathologic, transcriptomic and immunologic characteristics. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider SHCC as a histological subtype of HCC.