bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Épica mesiánica en «El Señor de los anillos» y «Juego de tronos»
Authors: De Domingo Soler Carlos
Published: October 2021

«El Señor de los Anillos» es seguramente la obra épica más importante e influyente del siglo XX. Además de su valor intrínseco, el trabajo de Tolkien sentó los parámetros genéricos de la novela fantástica, inspirando el posterior nacimiento de diversos universos literarios. En la épica tolkieniana, como es sabido, se reconoce el influjo basilar del cristianismo. El reciente fenómeno audiovisual «Juego de Tronos», profundamente asentado en los usos culturales postmodernos, plantea una lectura radicalmente opuesta del género fantástico, de la axiología de los personajes y la moral política. No obstante, ambos cuerpos convergen en el empleo multidimensional de las pautas narrativas mesiánicas. En el presente texto pretendo identificar sucintamente dichas pautas y analizarlas desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar. Como conclusión sostengo la importancia nuclear de la narrativa mesiánica en la configuración argumental e histórica-contextual de las obras de Tolkien y George R. R. Martin.
Accuracy improvement of the inSAR quality-guided phase unwrapping based on a modified PDV map.
Authors: Bentahar Tarek
Published: October 2021

In this paper, an accuracy improvement of the quality-guided phase unwrapping algorithm is proposed. Our proposal is based on a modified phase derivative variance which provides more details on local variations especially for important patterns such as fringes and edges, hence distorted regions may be re-unwrapped according to this new reliable PDV. The proposed improvement is not only effective on accuracy but also on time, the obtained results have shown that the running time with our proposal is less than that of a skillful optimization-based algorithm. To prove effectiveness, the experimental test is carried out on simulated and real data, and the comparison is made under several relevant criteria.
Last Mile Delivery and Route Planning for Freight
Authors: Iyer Ananth V. , Gkritza Konstantina , Dunlop Steven R. , Thakkar Dutt J. , Candanedo Raul , Jayan Srinath , Gupta Pooja , Jain Rishabh , Bhargav Sai , Sabnis Atharva , Chopra Vrinda , Chen Xinyue
Published: October 2021

This report analyzes anticipated list mile challenges in Indiana by using a scenario-based approach to develop forecasts of GDP growth and thus freight growth across industry clusters in Indiana counties; potential congestion implied by this growth; and a proactive plan to add capacity to alleviate the congestion. We use a quantitative approach to aggregate ramp level flows, industry cluster locations, county layout, and economic activity to develop our recommendations. We develop forecasts through the year 2050 based on long-term planning approaches used by other states (California, Ohio, and Utah). We use data from global databases that consider different possible geo-political scenarios and regulatory choices to scale it down to county-level impact. At the same time, we track industry cluster locations within each county, ramps from interstates, and distances to travel within the counties to reach freight destinations. The result is a report that combines macro trends with micro detail to develop potential capacity bottlenecks.
Utilizando Metadados de Aplicações e Comunicação entre Processos para Identificar Ameaças no Android
Authors: Lemos Rodrigo , Heinrich Tiago , Maziero Carlos
Published: October 2021

A predominância do Android no mercado de dispositivos móveis e o aumento significativo na quantidade e na sofisticação dos ataques cibernéticos, destaca a necessidade do estudo de técnicas de identificação de ameaças no meio de dispositivos móveis. Uma estratégia popular para a identificação de ameças é a utilização de um sistema de detecção de intrusão, que pode explorar diferentes estratégias para realizar a identificação das ameaças. Este estudo apresenta uma estratégia para a identificação de ameaças utilizando uma base de dados híbrida, explorando dados extraídos de aplicações e da comunicação entre processos para treinar modelos de aprendizado de máquina para efetuar a identificação de ameças. Os resultados demonstram que um modelo híbrido traz benefícios para a identificação de ameaças em dispositivos móveis, com uma taxa de identificação em torno de 87%.
Zero^2-SMELL: Uma nova abordagem de aprendizado zero-shot para detectar vulnerabilidades de dia zero
Authors: Barros Pedro H. , Gomes Gabriel N. , Barbosa Leonardo B. , Ramos Heitor S.
Published: October 2021

Um dos problemas de segurança mais relevantes é inferir se um programa tem intenções maliciosas (software malware). Mesmo que o antivírus seja uma das abordagens mais populares para detecção de malware, novos tipos de malware são lançados em um ritmo acelerado, tornando a maioria das técnicas para detectá-los rapidamente obsoletas. Portanto, o antivírus normalmente falha em detectar novos malwares até que sua assinatura seja incorporada ao banco de dados. No entanto, novas técnicas para identificar malwares desconhecidos são necessárias para proteger os sistemas mesmo no dia zero do lançamento de um malware. O aprendizado few-shot é uma abordagem que consiste em usar alguns poucos exemplos de cada classe durante o treinamento de um modelo. Um caso interessante desse tipo de abordagem é a classificação de objetos que ainda não foram usados no conjunto de treinamento, ou seja, aprendizagem Zero-shot (ZSL). No presente trabalho, propomos um novo método de ZSL para classificar malware usando representação visual. Propomos um novo espaço de representação para calcular a similaridade entre pares de objetos, denominado espaço-S. Avaliamos nossa proposta em conjuntos de dados do mundo real compostos de exemplos de malware. Nossa proposta atingiu 81 na medida Recall@K e supera outros métodos em uma proporção de 14.81% em um modelo de classificação para vulnerabilidades de dia zero.
Uma Extensão de Framework de Análise de Protocolos de Composibilidade Universal para Acordo de Chaves com Autenticação Baseado em Identidade
Authors: Maia Neto Antonio L. , Cunha Ítalo , Oliveira Leonardo B.
Published: October 2021

A partir da modularidade da Composibilidade Universal, Kusters et al. propõem um framework onde primitivas criptográficas podem ser utilizadas como módulos fundamentais no projeto de protocolos gerais. Embora o framework contemple diversas primitivas, não há suporte a criptografia baseada em identidade, um cenário emergente de segurança para aplicações de Internet das Coisas. Neste artigo, apresentamos e provamos uma extensão do framework para suportar o acordo de chaves com autenticação baseado em identidade. Nós esboçamos a análise de segurança de um protocolo real de autenticação mútua proposto para o contexto de casas inteligentes para validar nossa extensão.
Protegendo Redes de Canais de Pagamento Sem Fio com Janelas de Tempo de Bloqueio Mínimas
Authors: Rebello Gabriel Antonio F. , Potop-Butucaru Maria , de Amorim Marcelo Dias , Duarte Otto Carlos M. B.
Published: October 2021

Redes de canais de pagamento (Payment Channel Networks - PCN) aumentam o impacto das criptomoedas, fornecendo uma solução rápida e independente de consenso para mitigar os problemas de escalabilidade dos protocolos tradicionais de correntes de blocos (blockchain). No entanto, as PCNs atuais são baseadas em nós robustos com alta disponibilidade e capacidade computacional, dificultando sua adoção em ambientes móveis e sem fio. Este artigo propõe uma arquitetura PCN híbrida que estende as funcionalidades das PCNs tradicionais para cenários de dispositivos sem fio com recursos limitados. O artigo analisa a vulnerabilidade de roubo de tokens e propõe uma contramedida com base em janelas de tempo de bloqueio. O artigo avalia a proposta com dados reais da Lightning Network e de redes de banda larga móvel. Os resultados mostram que a janela de tempo mínimo de bloqueio depende do tempo de inatividade dos dispositivos e que selecionar uma janela padrão é mais eficaz quando os dispositivos apresentam alta disponibilidade.
FuzzingTool: Ferramenta para Testes de Intrusão em Aplicações Web
Authors: Borges Vitor O. C. N. , Uchôa Joaquim Q.
Published: October 2021

A cada dia as aplicações Web estão sendo usadas para atividades complexas, a fim de atender as demandas de mercado. Com o crescente uso e avanço de suas tecnologias, faz-se necessário uma maior preocupação quanto à segurança da informação. Para tal, este artigo apresenta uma ferramenta desenvolvida para testes de intrusão em aplicações Web, o FuzzingTool. A ferramenta faz uso da técnica de fuzzing para localizar falhas nessas aplicações, com resultados bastante promissores em testes, por exemplo, que permitiram identificar vários sites auxiliares, potencialmente inseguros, a partir de um domínio principal.
Fake News on the Covid-19 outbreak: a new metadata-based dataset for the analysis of Brazilian and British Twitter posts
Authors: Lima do Nascimento Tuany Mariah , Alves dos Santos Santana Laura Emmanuella , Da Costa Abreu Márjory
Published: October 2021

The dissemination of fake news is a problem that has already been addressed but by no means is solved. After the manipulation made by Cambridge Analytica which was based on classifying users by their political views and targeting specific political propaganda on the Brexit campaign, the Trump election and the Bolsonaro election, there is no doubt this issue can have a real impact on society in ‘normal times’. During a pandemic, any type of fake news can be the difference between life and death when the data shared can directly hurt the people who are believing in it. Moreover, there is also a new trend of using artificial robots to disseminate such news with a special target on Twitter which can be linked with political campaigns. Thus, it is essential that we identify and understand what kind of news is selected to be 'dressed' as fake and how it is disseminated. This paper aims to investigate the dissemination of fake news related with Covid-19 in the UK and Brazil in order to understand the impact of fake news on public sector actions, social isolation and quarantine imposition. Those two case studies are well versed on the fake news dissemination. Our initial dataset of Twitter posts have focused on posts from four different cities (Natal, São Paulo, Sheffield and London) and have shown interesting pointers that will be discussed.
Freki: Uma Ferramenta para Análise Automatizada de Malware
Authors: Souza Cristian H. M. , Silva Felipe S. Dantas
Published: October 2021

A análise de malware é de fundamental importância para a segurança da informação. Embora diversas ferramentas tentem automatizar esse processo, poucas apresentam uma opção de instalação local e um ambiente centralizado para análise e exposição dos resultados. Ademais, as limitações de consultas a APIs e os altos preços de licenças de uso tornam essas ferramentas pouco atrativas para iniciantes na área. Este trabalho propõe o Freki, uma ferramenta open-source para análise automatizada de programas maliciosos. A solução apresenta uma interface simples e intuitiva, na qual os usuários podem enviar arquivos para análise e obter prontamente os resultados obtidos pelo sistema. Além disso, a solução possui uma API REST que permite novas análises e consultas a binários já analisados via hash, permitindo que o Freki seja base para o desenvolvimento de novas aplicações para análise de malware.
Análise de variantes do criptossistema McEliece e da versão candidata a padrão de encriptação baseada em códigos
Authors: Martinez Guilherme G. , Goya Denise Hideko
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho discorre sobre a segurança de algumas variantes do criptossistema McEliece. Para tanto, são analisados trabalhos que, a partir de mudanças estruturais e/ou paramétricas, buscaram torná-lo mais eficiente. Observa-se que, dentre as variantes avaliadas, as baseadas em Código Goppa mantiveram o mesmo nível de segurança e alcançaram as melhorias propostas, em parte com a mudança de parâmetros e otimizações através de list decoding; as demais, baseadas em estruturas menos conservadoras, foram quebradas, porém inspiram outras formas de otimização.
Uma análise dos dados provenientes de vazamentos disponíveis para venda em marketplaces da dark web
Authors: Lopes Kelvin , Ignaczak Luciano
Published: October 2021

O uso de dados pessoais em sites tem aumentado gradualmente nos últimos anos, ampliando o número de incidentes de segurança cibernética que resultam em violações de dados. Uma consequência das violações é a disponibilização de dados vazados em marketplaces da dark web. Este estudo analisou anúncios divulgados em quatro marketplaces para apresentar o cenário atual de dados disponíveis para venda. A análise fez uso de extração de informações a partir da implementação de Named Entity Recognition (NER) para identificar as organizações em anúncios. Duas abordagens foram avaliadas: o XLM-RoBERTa e o NLTK. A análise identificou que "Interactive Media & Services" é o setor da indústria com o maior número de dados para venda.
A Dialectical Taxonomy of Resistance
Authors: Burgos Adam ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Working from Adorno’s notion of negative dialectics, this essay charts a dialectical course of resistance toward a horizon of universal freedom. Rather than propose relations between ideal types of resistance, it emphasizes the ineliminable historical dimensions of not only real-world resistance movements but also the philosophical and political theorizing that attempts to make sense of them. In doing so it brings out certain conceptual relations that emerge or recede as the context of resistance shifts. The first moment considers the dichotomy between reform and revolution, the second moment delves into modes of reform, and the third looks to modes of revolution. Along the way the essay discusses the work of such varied figures and organizations as Rosa Luxemburg, John Rawls, Martin Luther King, Jr., Candice Delmas, Robin Celikates, Kimberlee Brownlee, Emma Goldman, Students for a Democratic Society and the Weather Underground, and the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. In the end, the essay is written in the service of understanding the stakes and presuppositions of resistance, in theory and practice.
Repenting for Antisemitism: “To Elevate Evil into a State of Goodness”
Authors: Von Kellenbach Katharina
Published: October 2021

This article explains the benefits of repentance over reconciliation especially in the context of enduring ideologies of contempt and habits of supremacy, such as Christian Jew-hatred. In the second part, the theological proposals of two theological associations, the Christian Scholars Group and the Society of Post-Supersessionist Theology, which were founded to repent for theological anti-Judaism, are examined. Using Paul’s covenantal metaphor of the olive tree in Romans 11, the author evaluates different covenantal proposals to overcome supersessionism in light of the biology of grafting.
Amy-Jill Levine and Marc Zvi Brettler. The Bible With and Without Jesus: How Jews and Christians Read the Same Stories Differently
Authors: Trainor Michael
Published: October 2021

No abstract is available.
Tim Dowley. Defying the Holocaust: Ten Courageous Christians who Supported Jews
Authors: Carter-Chand Rebecca
Published: October 2021

No abstract is available.
Fire resilience of a steel-concrete composite floor system :
Authors: Choe Lisa , Ramesh Selvarajah , Dai Xu , Hoehler Matthew , Bundy Matthew , Bryant Rodney , Story Brian , Chakalis Anthony , Chernovsky Artur
Published: October 2021

The National Institute of Standards and Technology is currently conducting a series of large compartment fire tests to investigate the behavior and fire-induced failure mechanisms of the full-scale composite floor systems situated in the two-story and two-bays by three-bays structural steel frame. This report presents the research background, details of experimental design involved with the two-story test building, and the results from the first fire experiment (Test #1) conducted at the National Fire Research Laboratory. The Test #1 was aimed to quantify the fire resistance and behavior of a steel composite floor system commonly built in the United States, incorporating prescriptive approaches for a 2-hour fire resistance rating. The 9.1 m 6.1 m test floor assembly built in the middle edge bay in the floor plan of the test building was tested to failure under a natural gas fueled compartment fire simulating the standard furnace temperature-time relationship while sustaining hydraulically applied mechanical loads. This study showed that the protected floor beams and girders of the test floor assembly achieved matching or superior fire resistance based on the acceptance criteria of standard furnace testing. However, the test floor slab exhibited a potential fire hazard prior to reaching a specified fire rating period because of the use of a minimum code-compliant shrinkage reinforcement (59 mm2/m). The heated slab cracked around the interior edges of the test bay less than 30 min into heating, followed by slab breach in the middle of the test bay at 70 min. This center breach, accompanied by ruptures of embedded wire reinforcement, was caused by catenary action developed along the shorter span of the test floor assembly. This result suggests that the minimum slab reinforcement prescribed for normal conditions may not be sufficient to activate tensile membrane action of a composite floor system under the 2-hour standard fire exposure.
Bitrate Analysis of Satellite Television Transponders for Europe and Western Balkans
Authors: Maksimović Vladimir , Jakšić Branimir , Milošević Mirko , Petrović Mile , Spalević Petar
Published: October 2021

This paper analyzes the bitrate of transponders for satellite television. The analysis was performed for the Eutelsat 16A satellite located at 16°E (east) using the DiviCatch device and the DiviSuite software package. This satellite broadcasts more than 80% of TV channels for the Western Balkans. The overview of transponders, technical parameters, and the number of SDTV and HDTV channels is shown in the tables. The results obtained are graphically presented for the average bitrate and individual bitrate of each TV channel. The results show that the largest number of SDTV and HDTV channels are broadcasted in the DVB-S2 standard using MPEG-4 compression and 8PSK modulation technique. The analysis shows that providers use 28% less bitrate than the suggested minimum when broadcasting HDTV channels, while for SDTV channels bitrate is 2% lower then suggested. In order to compare the parameters and the bitrate usage, the paper analyzes four more satellites as follows: BulgariaSat at 1.9°E, Hot Bird at 13°E, Astra at 19.2°E and Astra at 23.5°E. The results show the current bitrate usage of active transponders on these satellites as well as the applied parameters for their broadcasting (broadcasting standard, transponder bandwidth, channel resolutions, compression techniques and modulation schemes).
Models for the Calculation of Diffuse Radiation on Solar Collectors
Authors: Mikulović Jovan , Đurišić Željko
Published: October 2021

For the design and exploitation of solar energy systems, information of both direct and diffuse component of solar radiation is necessary. However, the measurement data that are available are usually restricted to total horizontal irradiance. Therefore, many models have been developed to determine the diffuse component of the irradiance on solar collectors. This paper discusses the most well-known isotropic and anisotropic models for the calculation of the diffuse component of the solar irradiance. A modification of the isotropic clear day model for determining the diffuse component of solar radiation on a horizontal surface has been presented. The presented model has the same form as a simple clear day model, with the parameters determined using the least squares method and measurement data on horizontal irradiance in the region of Belgrade, Serbia. The applicability of isotropic clear day models was examined. The paper also discusses the applicability of the models for determining the diffuse irradiance on tilted collectors in real weather conditions during the year. The basic expressions are given and the characteristics of individual models are highlighted. Based on the measurement data on horizontal irradiance, the possibilities of applying different models for the calculation of the diffuse component of irradiance on solar collectors located in the region of Belgrade were examined.
Creating Resources for Marking Diagnoses in Electronic Health Reports in Serbian
Authors: Marovac Ulfeta , Avdić Aldina , Janković Dragan , Marovac Sead
Published: October 2021

Thanks to medical information systems, many medical reports are collected in an electronic form daily. Apart from the fields with allowed values for input (the structural part), one part of these reports consists of the free, non-structural text. It contains a more detailed description of the patient's condition, which could not be described using the structural part. Symptoms, results of laboratory analyses, accompanying diagnoses, etc. can often be found in it. Due to a lack of time, doctors often write these descriptions in non-standard ways, using their abbreviations and synonyms, and they often contain typos. All this makes it difficult to extract information in documents specific to the medical domain. This paper presents the creation of medical lexical resources for the automatic labeling of terms from diagnoses in medical reports. In order to perform the automatic marking of the free text, methods of the computer processing of natural languages are needed, as well as appropriate lexical resources. As there are no publicly available medical lexical resources for the Serbian language, as well as a corpus with medical reports, the contribution of this paper is the construction of such resources for needs of automatic marking of diagnoses. Using the proposed resources, diagnosis codes, Latin and Serbian terms specific to certain ICD-10 can be mapped with precision of 83.47%, 86.86% and 78.29%, respectively.
Development of 200 kV multi-function pulsed radiation system
Authors: Lü Ze-Qi , Xie Yan-Zhao , Gou Ming-Yue , Chen Xiao-Yu , Zhou Jin-Shan , Li Mei , Zhou Yi ,   State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: October 2021

A multi-functional pulsed radiation system with a peak voltage of 200 kV, an impedance of 2 Ω, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 30 ns is developed. The system can be switched flexibly in two states of generating pulsed electron beam and pulsed X-ray by changing the cathode and anode. It consists of a pulse power driving source, a vacuum diode, and an experimental cavity. A Marx generator, a high energy storage water transmission line, and two pulse compression switches are utilized to generate a high voltage on diode. An effector can be placed in the experimental cavity which has the same vacuum as diode. An insulation structure of transmission line and a diode are optimized to guide in system design. The system can provide a multi-functional experimental platform for investigating pulse power technology, system-generated electromagnetic pulse, biological radiation effect, etc.

 The Marx generator generates a high-voltage pulse with hundreds of nanoseconds in FWHM and hundreds of kilovolts in peak value. The pulse is compressed by the main switch and pulse forming switch and then loaded to the diode. Electrons are emitted from diode cathode under the high-voltage pulse and accelerated in the gap. The electrons are extracted directly or converted into X-ray through the anode. Aluminized polyethylene is used as an anode when pulsed electron beam is generated, and tantalum film is used when pulsed X-ray is generated. Working state can be switched by changing the cathode and anode of diode.

 The result shows that a current of 83 kA pulsed electron beam and an average energy of 67 keV X-ray are generated. Pulsed X-ray has good uniformity and low electron proportion (0.02%). In order to monitor the operation state and output parameter of the system comprehensively, a complete measurement system is established. Three capacitive voltage dividers are set at the beginning of transmission line, the end of pulse forming line, and the end of output line, while a B - dot current monitor is set at the diode. A Faraday cup is developed to measure the current intensity and the total energy of pulsed electron beam. For energy spectrum, dose and electron proportion, the measurement system composed of pulsed X-ray including spectrometric system, dose system and Rogowski Coil is build.
Dubcon
Authors: Popova Milena
Published: October 2021

How the treatment of sexual consent in erotic fanfiction functions as a form of cultural activism.

Sexual consent is—at best—a contested topic in Western societies and cultures. The #MeToo movement has brought public attention to issues of sexual consent, revealing the endemic nature of sexual violence. Feminist academic approaches to sexual violence and consent are diverse and multidisciplinary—and yet consent itself is significantly undertheorized. In Dubcon, Milena Popova points to a community that has been considering issues of sex, power, and consent for many years: writers and readers of fanfiction. Their nuanced engagement with sexual consent, Popova argues, can shed light on these issues in ways not available to either academia or journalism.

Popova explains that the term “dubcon” (short for “dubious consent”) was coined by the fanfiction community to make visible the gray areas between rape and consent—for example, in situations where the distribution of power may limit an individual's ability to give meaningful consent to sex. Popova offers a close reading of three fanfiction stories in the Omegaverse genre, examines the “arranged marriage” trope, and discusses the fanfiction community's response when a sports star who was a leading character in RPF (real person fiction) was accused of rape. Proposing that fanfiction offers a powerful discursive resistance on issues of rape and consent that challenges dominant discourses about gender, romance, sexuality, and consent, Popova shows that fanfiction functions as a form of cultural activism.
Against Reduction
Authors: Arista Noelani , Costanza-Chock Sasha , Ghazavi Vafa , Kite Suzanne , Klusmeier Cathryn , Lewis Jason Edward , Pechawis Archer , Sawyer Jaclyn , Zhang Gary Zhexi , Zhang Snoweria
Published: October 2021

Provocative, hopeful essays imagine a future that is not reduced to algorithms.

What is human flourishing in an age of machine intelligence, when many claim that the world's most complex problems can be reduced to narrow technical questions? Does more computing make us more intelligent, or simply more computationally powerful? We need not always resist reduction; our ability to simplify helps us interpret complicated situations. The trick is to know when and how to do so. Against Reduction offers a collection of provocative and illuminating essays that consider different ways of recognizing and addressing the reduction in our approach to artificial intelligence, and ultimately to ourselves.

Inspired by a widely read manifesto by Joi Ito that called for embracing the diversity and irreducibility of the world, these essays offer persuasive and compelling variations on resisting reduction. Among other things, the writers draw on Indigenous epistemology to argue for an extended “circle of relationships” that includes the nonhuman and robotic; cast “Snow White” as a tale of AI featuring a smart mirror; point out the cisnormativity of security protocol algorithms; map the interconnecting networks of so-called noncommunicable disease; and consider the limits of moral mathematics. Taken together, they show that we should push back against some of the reduction around us and do whatever is in our power to work toward broader solutions.
Cultural Barriers to Education of the Girl Child and Its Implication to Educational Attainment of the Oroko Children in Secondary Schools in the Kumba Municipality
Authors: Raymond Bella Ajongakoh
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cultural practices that pose a barrier to female educational attainment of the Oroko people. Looking at the cultural barrier to the education of the girl child and its implication on educational attainment, the researcher realized that culture has played a great part in the attainment of education of the girl child in the Oroko land. The population of this study was made up of three secondary schools in the Kumba municipality. The instrument for data collection was the questionnaire. Data was analyzed by the use of descriptive and inferential statictics. The results showed that cultural barriers such as early marriages and the preference of the boy child’s education over that of a girl child affect the girls’ educational attainment in the Oroko land. Based on the finding the researcher recommended that the government should open schools in all villages so as to encourage the girls to go to school, the few girls who are already in school should try and impress their parents so that can change their mentality and conception that they have concerning female education.
Virus Detection and Production of Virus Free Plant Materials from the Lily by Selecting Basal Filament Flower as Explants
Authors: Lv Yanjie , Dou Yajun , Saidahemaiti Halizeremu , He Xiangfeng , Zhao Xiangxun , Wang Wenhe
Published: October 2021

Lilium is a perennial bulbous flower of Lily family Liliaceae, with high ornamental and economic value. However, Lily is vulnerable to virus infection, which seriously affects the yield and quality of Lily, and poses a great threat to the production, sales, especially export of Lily, and has caused huge economic losses to the related industries. Therefore, the research on lily virus removal methods and virus detection technology has important practical significance to improve the ornamental value and economic value of lily.

In this study, the filaments of four susceptible lily varieties,' Valdisole' (A),'Adoration'(LA),' Ice Cube'(OT) and ‘Zantriana’ (O), were used as explants. The filaments of lily were divided into three parts, namely, top, middle, and base. In this paper, the virus detection of tissue culture seedlings induced by lily filaments was carried out by using DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR, and the removal effects of Cucumber mosaic virus,(CMV) and lily symptomless virus (LSV), two common viruses in lily, were explored, and the two detection technologies were compared.

The results showed that the success rate of tissue culture seedlings induced by filament base was the highest, and CMV virus could be basically removed. RT-PCR detection is more sensitive than DAS-ELISA detection, but RT-PCR detection requires higher test conditions and technology. Therefore, appropriate virus detection methods can be selected according to actual conditions and severity.
Impact of Plant Growth Regulators on Post Harvest Life of Cut Flowers of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii.B) cv. Goliath
Authors: Giri Bishnupada , Beura Sashikala
Published: October 2021

The present investigation was carried out in premises of Biotechnology cum Tissue Culture Centre, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar during 2015-16 and 2016-17. The objective of the study was to standardize suitable bio regulators on post harvest life of gerbera cut flowers. Apart from control, eight treatments of growth regulators like Gibberellins (GA3) @ 100ppm and 150ppm; cycocel @ 700 ppm and 800 ppm with and without amino acid were used as foliar spray. In winter season percentage gain weight of flower stalk (19.95%), percentage gain in flower diameter (4.95%), solution uptake (33.17 ml) and vase life (13.83 days) were maximum with application of cycocel @ 700 ppm + Amino Acid while percentage gain in stalk length (1.28%) of flower in vase was maximum in Gibberellin @ 150ppm + Amino Acid. Similar trends in change in above post harvest parameters were also observed in summer and rainy season.
Population Studies of Deer (Odocoileus virginianus, Mazama americana) in Southern Yucatán, Mexico
Authors: Ruben Montes-Perez , Ermilo Lopez-Coba , Gualberto Pacheco-Sierra , Christian May-Cruz , Andrés III Sierra-Gomez
Published: October 2021

Aims: Estimate the population density of deer in the municipality of Tzucacab, Yucatán in the periods of 2003-2004, 2007-2008 and 2008-2009, determine the use of the habitat by these populations and the sustainability of the deer harvest from the estimated population densities.

Study Design: A descriptive and vertical free-living deer population study was carried out in southern Yucatan, Mexico over a three-year period.

Methodology: The map of the municipality of Tuzcacab was zoned in quadrants of 36 km2, completing a total of 36 quadrants; Unrestricted random sampling was applied to select seven quadrants in the period from 2003 to 2004 and 18 in each annual period between 2007 and 2009. Population samplings were carried out by applying three population estimation methods: direct sighting in a linear transect of 5 km in length, count of tracks in transect except period 2003-2004 and faecal pellets group count in plots. The evaluation of the use of habitat was carried out using the Bonferroni intervals, from the data of faecal pellets count. The evaluation of the deer harvest was carried out using the sustainable harvest model.

Results: The population densities were different in each method, the density by the excreta count was 4.63 ± 2.49 deer / km2 in 2003-2004, 0.294 ± 0.198 deer / km2 in 2007-2008, and in the year 2008-2009 was 0.419 ± 0.0000085 deer / km2. Habitat use in 2007-08 and 2008-2009 was higher in the tropical forest, lower in agriculture and similar to that expected in secondary succession forest (acahual). The values of sustainable harvest, taking as a value the density per count of excreta in the plot because it showed the highest statistical precision, in the period 2003-04 it is sustainable, but in the period from 2007 to 2009 it is not sustainable.

Conclusion: The population densities of deer (O. virginianus and M. americana) in Tuzcacab by means of the excreta count method, have decreased significantly. The habitat use preference is the tropical forest. The deer harvest in the period from 2007 to 2009 is not sustainable.
The Histopathology of Carcinoma Breast with Special Reference to p53 Marker
Authors: Balakrishnan Meera
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the world. The high incidence of breast carcinoma in women has inspired a thorough investigation of potentially modifiable risk variables (clinical parameters, morphological type, and biochemical indicators) for prognosis, preventative tactics, and treatment options. One of the most important prognostic indicators for breast cancer is p53.

Aims and Objectives: The goal of this study was to use immunohistochemistry to assess the prevalence of p53 mutant protein in breast cancer, correlate the results with clinical and histological parameters, and establish its impact on axillary node metastasis.

Materials and Methods: A clinicopathological study of 50 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast was performed using immunohistochemistry to examine for p53 mutant protein expression.

Results:  Percentage of p53 immunohistochemical positivity in this study was 22%, which is similar to other studies' reported statistics. In both the positive and negative cases of lymph node metastases, immunohistochemical data revealed an equivocal p53 status. In compared to p53 negative cases, the carcinomas with p53 positivity showed aggressive characteristics, such as greater size and higher grade. Patients with significant lymphocytic reactions to tumours, patients under 35 years of age, and those with tumours on the left side had a higher chance of receiving a positive p53 status. This study clearly shows that breast cancers with high p53 expression are generally aggressive tumours with a poor prognosis and a poor response to endocrine treatment and chemotherapy.
Recent Developments and Biological Activities of 5-Oxo-Imidazolones Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Yellasubbaiah N. , Velmurugan V. , Nagasudha B.
Published: October 2021

Heterocyclic compounds are essential primary units for both the synthetic and natural starting points. 5-oxo-imidazolone is a 5-member ring system that contains 3 carbons and 2 nitrogens that are arranged at 3 and 1 positions, and ─C═O at the 5th position of the ring. 5-oxo-imidazolone is known as a privileged molecule because of its all biological potency. This biological property increased the attention of many investigators to analyze this ring system and expose several activities. The present review aims to outline the various activities reported on the synthesis and the biological potencies of 5-oxo-imidazolone derivatives. 5-oxo-imidazolone is an important pharmacophore in modern drug discovery.
Surgical Management of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia; Review Article
Authors: Abood Hashem Bark Awadh , Abdulwahhab Mohammed Abduljalil Al , Altayyar Omar Essam , Alrakhimi Ahmad Sayyaf , Isa Sawsan Yaseen Abdulla Ali , Albati Wafa Abdullah Mohammed , Albogami Yazed Abdullah , Rouzi Saud Abdullrahman I , Alrefai Mohammed Tarik , Alsaeed Reem abdulmohsen , Almarri Mohammad Saleh
Published: October 2021

Mesenteric ischemia is a condition in which the amount of oxygen available is insufficient to meet the needs of the intestines. The small intestine, colon, or both can be affected by ischemia. The most common cause of occlusive ischemia is an abrupt obstruction of a major artery, which causes a considerable drop in intestinal blood flow. Early diagnosis is one of the most essential components in achieving a favorable outcome. The most prevalent treatment is surgical management. However, there are minimally invasive therapy alternatives that have been shown in observational studies. For arterial thrombosis, endovascular stenting is an option, and anticoagulation is an option for venous thrombosis. Endovascular aspiration, mechanical embolectomy, and local thrombolysis are all possibilities for patients with arterial embolism.
Evaluation and Management of Aural Atresia; Review Article
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed Osman , Aldhameen Abrar Ali , Almutairi Razan Mohammed , Asiri Nada Abdullah , Alshehri Abdulaziz amer , Sharaf Abdulelah Mohammed
Published: October 2021

The absence of a patent ear canal, which can be acquired or congenital, is known as Aural Atresia. The most common cause of acquired Aural Atresia is an inflammatory response to trauma or otologic surgery. Although rare, acquired Aural Atresia is most commonly found after external ear trauma, such as car accidents, gunshot wounds, or recent otologic surgery. The main treatment of Aural Atresia is surgical, also the invention of bone anchored hearing devices provide greater alternative solution, each methods has its advantages of disadvantages, we hope In the future of developing more effective treatment options.
Effect of Aerating Duration on Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in a Simulated Crude-Oil Polluted Aquatic Environment Undergoing Bioremediation
Authors: Prosperity C. Ewoh, , Lekiah P. Peekate,
Published: October 2021

The aim of this research work was to determine the aerating duration that would be effective in enhancing hydrocarbon biodegradation rate during bioremediation of crude-oil polluted river. Sediment and river-water were placed in four glass troughs labeled CT (control), A, B, and C. The setups were polluted with crude-oil, and allowed undisturbed for 2 weeks. Subsequently, accessible crude-oil on the surface was removed; bacteria and nutrients were then added. Air was bubbled for 3 hours into setups A, B, and C, at daily, 3 days, and 7 days interval respectively. Aeration was not applied to setup CT. On day 1, 7, 14, and 21, hydrocarbon concentration was determined; populations of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria (HUB) were also determined. The time it will take for hydrocarbons in the setups to biodegraded “completely” was calculated using first-order reaction equation. The results obtained showed that 71.43, 86.39, 83.17, and 15.42 % hydrocarbon degradation were obtained in setup A, B, C, and CT respectively. The time it will take for hydrocarbons in the setups to biodegrade “completely” were 129, 89, 101, and 1079 days for A, B, C, and CT respectively. There was slight reduction in population of HUB in setup CT, fairly stable population in setup A, and increase in population of HUB in setups B and C. It is concluded that aerating crude-oil polluted aquatic environment for 3 hours at 3 days interval will be more effective in enhancing hydrocarbon biodegradation rate during bioremediation.
Performance of a Cold Formed Steel Pedestrian Bridge under Static and Dynamic Loads
Authors: Awaludin Ali , Making Maria Yasinta Menge , Ikhsan Muhammad Nur , Adiyuano Yohan
Published: October 2021

This paper summarizes new application of CFS in bridge constructions where a seven meters long pedestrian bridge was constructed. The bridge has 1.2m width, 0.8m depth, and is composed of CFS Warren truss and bondek floor systems. Natural frequency of the bridge considering only dead load application was found as 8.54 Hz and decreased to 7.08 Hz when the live load was included. Under static load test, the application of dead load only and both dead and live loads yielded a maximum deflection of 3.53 and 8.1 mm, respectively. Normal walking and running pedestrian loads were carried out created a maximum acceleration equaled to 0.11g. Lastly, sinusoidal waves application facilitated through a three-phase induction motor having self-weight of 24.86 kgf at frequency equal to 8.5 Hz was performed for one hour resulting no decrease of the natural frequency, thus the bridge can be assumed to experience no noticeable stiffness degradation.
Performance of Six- and Ten-story Reinforced Concrete Buildings Designed by using Modified Partial Capacity Design (M-PCD) Method with 70% Shear Force Ratio
Authors: Pudjisuryadi Pamuda , Wijaya F. , Tanuwijaya R. , Prasetyo B.C. , Lumantarna Benjamin
Published: October 2021

One design alternative of earthquake resistant building is Partial Capacity Design (PCD) method. Unlike the commonly used capacity design method, PCD allows a safe failure mechanism which is called partial sidesway mechanism. In this mechanism, all beams and some columns are allowed to experience plastic damages while some selected columns are designed to remain elastic (called elastic columns). A new approach to predict the required strengths needed to design each structural member, called modified-PCD (M-PCD) is proposed. In this research six- and ten-story reinforced concrete buildings were designed using M-PCD, and their seismic performances are investigated. The base shear force resisted by the elastic columns was set to approximately 70% of the total base shear. Both nonlinear static procedure (NSP) and nonlinear dynamic procedure (NDP) are used to analyze the structures. The results show that the expected partial side sway mechanism is observed, and the drifts of the buildings are acceptable.
A Study on Finite Element Modelling and Analysis with respect to Experimental Results of Strengthened Unreinforced Masonry Walls With and Without Kevlar-FRP
Authors: Wijanto Sugeng , Andriono Takim , Tanudjaja Jovita
Published: October 2021

Unreinforced masonry (URM) walls, found in most historical buildings in Indonesia, are relatively brittle with wide variety of material properties. The behaviour of URM walls is very complex, especially when subjected to seismic excitation. In this research, a finite element modelling was set up in order to analyse the seismic performance of URM wall experimental test units, with and without strengthening material. The analysis was conducted using SAP2000 computer program. Three dimensional solids and springs as link connectors were assigned to represent the masonry behaviour. This research aims to compare results obtained from the computer analysis and the previously conducted laboratory experiments. The effectiveness of Kevlar fibre material, which was installed on both wall surfaces and modelled as truss element was also investigated. It was found that the failure mechanisms shown by the SAP2000 model was similar to the laboratory test results. The use of Kevlar Fibre as strengthening material was found able to significantly increase the stiffness and shear capacity of the URM wall.
Interpretasi pada Gambar Anak Usia 8-12 Tahun yang Mengalami Stres Ringan
Authors: Maharani Priscilla , Wicandra Obed Bima , Milka Rebbeca
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginterpretasikan gambar anak usia 8-12 tahun yang mengalami stres ringan yang disebabkan oleh rasa marah, takut, dan bosan dan mengetahui gambar seperti apa yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini berguna bagi para orang tua, guru, maupun peneliti lainnya agar bisa lebih memahami penggunaan elemen desain yang digunakan oleh anak untuk mengungkapkan perasaan mereka melalui media visual berupa gambar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah grounded research. Sumber teori yang utama adalah data dari informan dan didukung teori-teori lainnya. Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa setiap elemen desain yang berkaitan dengan stres ringan memiliki peranan yang berbeda-beda. Dalam menginterpretasikan elemen desain, teori yang digunakan adalah interpretasi menurut Terry Barrett yang diperkuat dengan semiologi Roland Barthes.
Seni atau Meme: Segi Artistik dan Strategis “Komik MS Paint Demi Kehidupan Beragama yang Tentram”
Authors: Jeremy Jevon
Published: October 2021

“Komik MS Paint Demi Kehidupan Beragama yang Tentram” lahir sebagai komik dengan kualitas artistik yang cenderung kacau dan tidak proporsional. Ia digambar dengan sebuah media gratis yang cenderung murahan dan tidak mudah untuk digunakan. Dalam ironisme itu, Komik MS Paint juga menghadirkan candaan ala meme di internet. Metode penciptaan dari komik ini, serta contoh-contoh dari kenyataan yang terjadi disekitar Komik MS Paint, akan menjadi jawaban tentang segi artistik yang tak kasat mata dan segi strategis menghadapi masyarakat yang haus akan kebaruan setiap harinya. Penelitian ini akan dikaji menggunakan idiom-idiom postmodernisme.
A brief overview of BNIP3L/NIX receptor‐mediated mitophagy
Authors: Marinković Mija , Novak Ivana
Published: October 2021

Mitophagy is a form of autophagy specialized to selectively remove mitochondria. Although the PINK1/Parkin pathway is the best described mitophagy of damaged mitochondria, receptor/mediated mitophagy seems to have a pivotal role in cellular development and specialization. The most studied mitophagy receptor BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19‐kDa‐interacting protein 3‐like (BNIP3L/NIX) is shown to be important for the programmed removal of healthy mitochondria during terminal differentiation of erythrocytes, but its role has been proven in various cell types. Despite recent advances in our understanding of its regulation by phosphorylation and dimerization, there remain numerous questions on how BNIP3L/NIX tightly balances between cellular life and death decisions. This brief review intends to summarize ongoing dilemmas related to BNIP3L/NIX.