bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation on the Patients Undergoing Kidney Stone Open Surgery: A Single-Center Report From Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran
Authors: Afshari Moghadam Amin , Badini Salehe
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Urinary stones are among major urological diseases. Open kidney surgery has always been of historical importance in the management of most urinary stones, especially in complicated cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the cases of open kidney stone surgery in Amir Al-Momenin hospital of Zabol in 2016-2017. Method: In the present descriptive cross-sectional study, the patients who underwent open kidney stone surgery in Amir Al-Momenin hospital were evaluated. The investigated variables included gender, age, changes in blood pressure, postoperative complications, and duration of surgery. The information was collected from hospital records and entered into SPSS software for analysis.Results: In this study, 25 patients were studied, of whom 14 (56%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 37.84 ±17.15 years. The youngest and oldest patients were 1 and 66 years old, respectively. Twelve patients (48%) had staghorn stones, and the rest (13 patients) had other types of stones. Blood pressure remained unchanged in 80% of the patients while 12% developed hypertension. Postoperative fever and infection were observed in only 4% of the patients. The prevalence of staghorn stones in men and women were 45.5% and 50%, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.821).Conclusion: The present study showed that the most common stones leading to open kidney surgery were of the staghorn type. Males were more likely to undergo open kidney surgery than females.
The Prevalence of Helmet Use and Predictive Factors Among Motorcyclists in Shahrekord, Iran in 2018
Authors: Jafarian Saleh , Ahmadi Ali , Amiri Masoud , Biokani Rahman , Abbaspour Zohreh , Mahmoudzadeh Masoud
Published: September 2021

Background and aims: Motorcycle accidents are a major concern for countries. One of the most important risk factors for motorcyclists is the lack of helmet use. This study aimed to measure the rate of the helmet use and predictive factors in Shahrekord, Iran. Methods: Using simple random sampling method, this cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 with a sample size of 350 motorcyclists. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and the SPSS software version 24 was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.8 ± 10.1 years. Out of 350 participants, 15.1% and 1.4% of motorcyclists and their passengers used helmets. The most important predictors of helmet use were age more than 35 years, high education, and having a driving license. The most important reason for using the helmet was protection against injuries in accidents. Conclusion: According to our results, the rate of helmet use was low. Thus, more efforts should be made to intervene and train for the helmet use among community members with an emphasis on younger people, individuals with governmental jobs, and people with lower education level.
Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria Isolated From Patients With Pneumonia at Two Hospitals in North-West Nigeria
Authors: Oyegoke Paul I , Olayinka Busayo O , Ehinmidu Joseph O , Tytler Babajide A
Published: September 2021

Background and aims: The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health threat complicating treatment and resulting in prolonged hospitalization. The prevalence of AMR threat is not well defined due to the dearth of appropriate surveillance systems. This study sought to assess the prevalence of AMR among bacterial isolates from sputum specimens obtained from patients with pneumonia presenting at two secondary healthcare facilities in Zaria from June 1 to August 31, 2018. Methods: Standard methodology was followed in processing sputum samples that met the acceptance criteria. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens cultured from sputum specimens obtained from June 1 to August 31, 2018) were evaluated using the recommendation of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Finally, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Acinetobacter spp. were the predominant pathogens accounting for 32% of recovered isolates, followed by Staphylococcus spp. (18%) and Klebsiella spp. (17%), respectively. AMR was found in 91% of the isolates. Most isolates were resistant to erythromycin (ERY) (80%) and amoxicillin (83.3%). Eventually, the multiple antibiotic resistance index ≥0.3 was observed in 76% of the isolates. Conclusion: Based on the findings, AMR rates were observed to be high, and may display a serious therapeutic challenge to the management of community-acquired pneumonia. Concerted efforts are needed to combat the worrisome AMR trends revealed in this study.
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Interest in Home-Based Exercise: An Application of Digital Epidemiology
Authors: Bagherian Sajad , Mardaniyan Ghahfarrokhi Majid , Banitalebi Ebrahim
Published: September 2021

Background and aims: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), immediate self-quarantine is assumed as the best course of action for highly contagious diseases. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many individuals have become overweight and are also suffering from physical problems. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on interest in home-based exercise. Methods: This digital epidemiological study used data sources outside the health system. This descriptive study with a comprehensive electronic systematic search in the Google Trends database using the keyword of "home-based exercise" retrieved the relevant data about the Internet search activity of Iranian community members. The data were accordingly obtained within two time intervals, i.e., from February 18, 2020 to October 18, 2020 and eight months prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 (June 18, 2019 to February 18, 2020). To analyze the data, the Wilcoxon test and the Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used. Results: The results showed significant increase in "home-based exercise" Google search in the eight-month time interval during COVID-19 compared with the same period before the pandemic (P<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between "home-based exercise" Google search and positive COVID-19 cases in the time intervals of February 18, 2020 to April 18, 2020 (r=0.756, P=0.0001), April 18, 2020 to June 18, 2020 (r=-461, P=0.0001), but not June 18, 2020 to August 18, 2020 (r=0.044, P=0.737), August 18, 2020 to October 18, 2020 (r=0.246, P=0.056), and over time (r=-0.083, P=0.0195). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of the COVID-19 pandemic and social constraints including self-quarantine seem to have raised people’s interest in doing exercises, especially home-based exercises.
Unlocking Trust in Community Health Systems: Lessons From the Lymphatic Filariasis Morbidity Management and Disability Prevention Pilot Project in Luangwa District, Zambia
Authors: Zulu Joseph M. , Maritim Patricia , Silumbwe Adam , Halwiindi Hikabasa , Mubita Patricia , Sichone George , Mpandamabula Chileshe H. , Shamilimo Frank , Michelo Charles
Published: September 2021

Background: Surgery for hydrocele is commonly promoted as part of morbidity management and disability prevention (MMDP) services for lymphatic filariasis (LF). However, uptake of these surgeries has been suboptimal owing to several community level barriers that have triggered mistrust in such services. This study aimed at documenting mechanisms of unlocking trust in community health systems (CHSs) in the context of a LF hydrocele management project that was implemented in Luangwa District, Zambia. Methods: Qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) (n=45) in February 2020 in Luangwa District. Thirty-one IDIs were conducted with hydrocele patients, community health workers (CHWs), health workers, traditional leaders and traditional healers. Two FGDs were also conducted with CHWs who had been involved in project implementation with seven participants per group. Data was analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: The use of locally appropriate communication strategies, development of community driven referral systems, working with credible community intermediaries as well as strengthening health systems capacity through providing technical and logistical support enhanced trust in surgery for hydrocele and uptake of the surgeries. Conclusion: Implementation of community led communication and referral systems as well as strengthening health services are vital in unlocking trust in health systems as such mechanisms trigger authentic partnerships, including mutual respect and recognition in the CHS. The mechanisms also enhance confidence in health services among community members.
The Effects of Cost Containment and Price Policies on Pharmaceutical Expenditure in South Korea
Authors: Kim Woohyeon , Koo Heejo , Lee Hye-Jae , Han Euna
Published: September 2021

Background: Policy-makers have proposed and implemented various cost-containment policies for drug prices and quantities to regulate rising pharmaceutical spending. Our study focused on a major change in pricing policy and several incentive schemes for curbing pharmaceutical expenditure growth during the 2010s in Korea. Methods: We constructed the longitudinal dataset from 2008-2017 for 12 904 clinics to track the prescriber behavior before and after the implemented policies. Applying an interrupted time series model, we analyzed changes in trends in overall monthly drug expenditure and antibiotic drug expenditure per prescription for outpatient claims diagnosed with three major diseases before and after the policies’ implementation. Results: Significant price reductions and incentives for more efficient drug prescriptions resulted in an immediate decrease in monthly drug expenditures in clinics. However, we found attenuated effects over the long run. The top-spending clinics showed the highest rate of increase in drug costs. Conclusion: Future policy interventions can maximize their effects by targeting high-spending providers.
Helminth Control: In Vitro Anthelmintic and Larvicidal Activities of Solanum surattense Against Fasciola gigantica (Sporocyst, Redia, and Cercaria) Larvae
Authors: Kumar Pradeep
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Liver flukes (Fasciola species) are parasitic helminths that cause fascioliasis in cattle and humans. The Fasciola species (F. hepatica and F. gigantica) have complicated life cycles in the host snails and mammals. The cattle and human population get infected after ingestion of contaminated miracidium stages of Fasciola through aquatic plants or contaminated water. The developmental stages of liver flukes can be discontinued by terminating larval stages such as sporocyst, redia, and cercaria in vivo or by killing intermediate hosts. Synthetic anthelmintic compounds are highly effective but they cause adverse effects in the environment. Plant products are eco-friendly and safe which can be used in the control of parasitic helminths. Methods: In vitro anthelmintic activities of different preparations of Solanum surattense such as pulverized leaf products, extracts (ether, chloroform, methanol, acetone, and ethanol), and column purified fractions were assessed against sporocyst, redia, and cercaria larvae of F. gigantica. Different preparations of the S. surattense were assessed separately against Fasciola larva after 2 to 8 hours of exposure. These larvae, having up to 48-hour survivability, were kept in tap water at laboratory conditions. Results: Larval mortality was observed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours of exposure for the calculation of LC50 value. Among all the organic extracts, the maximum larvicidal activity was observed in ethanol after 2 hours of exposure, the LC50 value against sporocyst, redia, and cercaria was reported to be 63.21, 64.24, and 63.54 mg/mL, respectively. However, maximum activity was observed after 8 hours of exposure in column purified fractions, and the LC50 value against sporocyst, redia, and cercaria was reported to be 48.25, 47.61, and 44.15 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Conclusively, the present research study indicates that S. surattense is a potent source of anthelmintic compounds which can be used for the control of sporocyst, redia, and cercaria larvae of F. gigantica.
Effect of propolis extract on clinical parameters and salivary level of matrix metalloproteinase 8 in periodontitis patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Eghbali Zarch Reyhaneh , Askari Mitra , boostani Hamidreza , Mirzaii-Dizgah Iraj
Published: September 2021

Background. Periodontitis is the bacterial-induced inflammation of tooth-supporting structures. Local antibacterial agents are used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of periodontitis. This study aimed to compare the effect of subgingivally delivered propolis extract (a resin produced by honey bees) with chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on clinical parameters and salivary levels of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) in periodontitis patients.Methods. Twenty-eight periodontitis patients in stage II or III and grade B, who had deep periodontal pockets (≥4 mm) around at least three non-adjacent teeth, were divided into two groups. In the control group, patients were prescribed 0.2% CHX mouthwash twice a day for two weeks. In the 20% propolis hydroalcoholic group, subgingival irrigation was performed twice a week for two weeks. Clinical parameters were measured at baseline and after two months. Salivary samples were collected from the propolis and control groups at baseline and two months later to assess MMP-8 levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, salivary samples from 12 periodontally healthy subjects were used to determine the normal levels of MMP-8. The data were analyzed using SPSS. P<0.05 was considered the level of significance.Results. In the healthy group, the mean salivary levels of MMP-8 were significantly lower than that in the control and propolis groups at baseline (P<0.001). The results indicated a significant improvement in clinical parameters (P<0.001) in the propolis group compared to the control group, while MMP-8 levels decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.001).Conclusion. Propolis is recommended as adjunctive therapy for periodontitis patients. Clinical trials registration code: IRCT2016122030475N3.
Implementation Barriers for Practicing Continuous Kangaroo Mother Care from the Perspective of Neonatologists and Nurses
Authors: Mohammadi Marzieh , Sattarzadeh Niloufar , Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Hosseini Mohammad Bagher , Hakimi Sevil
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Kangaroo mother care (KMC), as a complement to incubator care, is one of the ten recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for the care of preterm infants. The KMC stabilizes the heart rate, improves oxygen saturation, makes weight gain better, and reduces crying in the infant. In order to launch KMC unit, the barriers for implementing this type of care should be recognized. Methods: This qualitative research was conducted using a focus group discussion and individual semi-structured interview with nurses, doctors, executive and management staff of a neonatal unit of a third level teaching hospital in Tabriz, northwest Iran. The participants were selected using purposeful sampling. Content analysis was used for analyzing data. Data were analyzed by MAXQDA 10 software. Results: After analyzing data, four main themes were extracted including mother-related barriers, father-related barriers, physician- related barriers, and system-related barriers. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it seems that in order to facilitate practicing continuous KMC, much emphasis should be placed on training the parents and health care providers. Furthermore, in some cases, reforming the payment system for physicians, providing an instruction for performing continuous KMC, and continuous assessment of hospitals annually are necessary.
Comparison of L-Shape and Side-Lying Positions on Breastfeeding Outcomes among Mothers Delivered by Cesarean Section: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Arora Gunjot , Jelly Prasuna , Mundhra Rajlaxmi , Sharma Rakesh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Ineffective breastfeeding techniques is one of the factors contributing to poor breastfeeding outcomes in post-cesarean mothers. To assist post-cesarean mothers to find a comfortable breastfeeding position, a trial was conducted to compare different positions of breastfeeding in these individuals. Methods: A randomized clinical parallel trial was carried out on primipara post-cesarean mothers admitted to All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. Participants were enrolled by convenience sampling technique, which was further randomized (block size= 4) and allocated to receive either "L" shape (n= 30) or side-lying (n= 30) position for breastfeeding. The assigned intervention was provided at least six times a day for four consecutive days. Data were collected using breastfeeding assessment Tool, maternal breastfeeding evaluation scale and numeric pain rating scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Results: The baseline characteristics of participants in both groups were similar. The mean comparison of breastfeeding outcome and maternal satisfaction indicated no significant difference between the two positions. However, the mean scores of maternal pain were statistically significant. Hence, it was inferred that the maternal pain was significantly less in post-cesarean mothers in "L" shape compared to side-lying. Conclusion: There is significantly less pain in post-cesarean mothers during breastfeeding in "L" shape than side-lying. Furthermore, maternal satisfaction and breastfeeding outcomes were found to be similar in both positions.
Oropharyngeal Decontamination for Prevention of VAP in PatientsAdmitted to Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review
Authors: Keykha Aliakbar , Ramezani Monir , Amini Shahram , Karimi Moonaghi Hossein
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroduction: Oropharyngeal colonization with pathogenic organisms contributes to thedevelopment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care units (ICUs). Oralhygiene care (OHC) is a very effective method for reducing the risk of VAP in these patients.This study aimed to evaluate recent OHC strategies to decrease VAP.Methods: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in the PubMed, Scopus, Embase,Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception to September 10, 2020 werereviewed to compare the effects of selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD) on theincidence of VAP in adult patients requiring mechanical ventilation.Results: Out of a total of 1098 articles reviewed, 17 eligible studies were included for finalanalysis. The results showed that the use of chlorhexidine for oropharyngeal decontaminationreduces the incidence of VAP. However, it had a small effect on gram-negative resistant bacteria.Also, it was observed that the combined use of colistin and chlorhexidine was more effectivethan chlorhexidine alone in preventing VAP. The results of studies on the use of toothbrushes toreduce the incidence of pneumonia are unclear since they used chlorhexidine at the same time.However, tooth brushing is one of the best ways to maintain oral hygiene. Using povidoneiodine,Nanosil, and non-absorbable topical antibiotics reduced the incidence of VAP, whileIseganan did not show a significant effect in this regard.Conclusion: The prophylactic use of topical bactericidal agents in critically-ill patients is effectivein reducing the incidence of VAP. However, the use of non-absorbable topical antibiotics ismore effective than other methods in oropharyngeal decontamination.
Non diagnosed PAPVC induce large reverse venovenous shunt after modified Fontan surgery: A case report of a rare anomaly and embolization therapy
Authors: Alizadeh Sani Zahra , Ghasemi Abdolrahim , Mohammadzadeh Shabnam , Khajali Zahra , Behjati Mohaddeseh , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Khosravi Abbas , Nahavandi Saeid , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Published: September 2021

Fontan operation is a reliable palliative surgery for patients with single ventricle physiology. Still, the development of complication is common; one of these complications that need to interventional approach is veno-venous collaterals between systemic and pulmonary veins. A 16-yearoldgirl with a history of modified Fontan operation at 9 years ago was referred with progressive cyanosis and dyspnea on exertion. In contrast trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE), no fenestration was seen in Fontan circulation. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed partial anomalous pulmonary vein connection (PAPVC) from left upper pulmonary vein to vertical vein and then into the in nominate vein and SVC with the reverse flow from superior vena cava (SVC) to left upper pulmonary vein(LUPV). This anomalous vein became severe engorged and tortuous. Possibly, LUPV and the verticalvein was dilated gradually as a result of increased pressure in the Fontan circuit. Finally, she underwent successful coil embolization in the midpart of the vertical vein. The oxygen saturation increased from80% to 93%.
A rare cause of myocardial infarction and ventricular tachycardia in a young male with HIV/AIDS - spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A case report
Authors: Prasad Krishna , Aggarwal Tanushi , Panda Prashant , Kasinadhuni Ganesh , Sharma Yash Paul
Published: September 2021

HIV/AIDS is a multisystemic disorder and occurrence of cardiovascular disease is higher compared to non-HIV individuals. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) remains a rare and underdiagnosed cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), even in modern day era. SCAD is predominantly seen in young to middle aged females and present as a non-atherosclerotic cause of myocardial ischaemia, infarction or sudden cardiac death (SCD); with or without ventricular arrythmias. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) can sometimes be the initial presentation of SCAD. HIV associated arteriopathy can predispose to occurrence of SCAD. We report a case of a 38-year-old male suffering from HIV/AIDS, with no conventional risk factors presenting as VT. Coronary angiogram showed SCAD in right coronary artery without any flow limitation.
The incidence of myopericarditis in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Mostafavi Atoosa , Tabatabaei Seyed Abdol Hussein , Zamani Fard Somayeh , Majidi Fatemeh , Mohagheghi Abbas , Shirani Shahin
Published: September 2021

Introduction: SARS-COV-2 can affect different organ systems, including the cardiovascular system with wide spectrum of clinical presentations including the thrombotic complications, acute cardiovascular injury and myopericarditis. There is limited study regarding COVID-19 and myopericarditis. The aim of this study was to evaluate myopericarditis in patients with definite diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods: In this observational study we analyzed the admitted patients with definite diagnosis of COVID-19 based on positive RT-PCR test. Laboratory data, and ECG changes on days 1-3-5 were analyzed for sign of pericarditis and also QT interval prolongation. Echocardiography was performed on days 2-4 and repeated as necessary, and one month after discharge for possible late presentation of symptom. Any patient with pleuritic chest pain, and pericardial effusion and some rise in cardiac troponin were considered as myopericarditis. Results: A total of 404 patients (18-90 years old, median =63, 273 males and 131 females) with definite diagnosis of COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Five patients developed in-hospital pleuritic chest pain with mild left ventricular dysfunction and mild pericardial effusion and diagnosed as myopericarditis, none of them proceed to cardiac tamponade. We found no case of late myopericarditis. Conclusion: Myopericarditis, pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade are rare complication of COVID-19 with prevalence about 1.2 %, but should be considered as a possible cause of hemodynamic deterioration.
A discrepancy between CT angiography and transesophageal echocardiographic measurements of the annular size affect long-term survival following trans-catheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Singh Siddarth , Rutkowski Piotr S. , Dyachkov Alexey , Iyer Vijay S. , Pourafkari Leili , Nader Nader D.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Accurate measurement of the aortic valve annulus is critical for proper valve sizing for the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure. While computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the widely-accepted standard, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional(3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is commonly performed to measure the size of the aortic valve and to verify appropriate seating of prostheses. Methods: Patients undergoing TAVR between 2013-2015 were examined. 2D- and 3D-TEEmeasurements were compared to CTA taken as standard. Patients were followed for at least one year. The presence and effect of discrepancy (defined as a difference of more than 10%) between CTA and TEE measurements on survival were examined. Results: One hundred eighty-five patients (70 men) were included. 2D- and 3D-TEE measurements underestimated the annulus size by -1.49 and -1.32 mm, respectively. Discrepancies > 10% between TEE and CTA methods in estimating the aortic annulus size were associated with a decrease in post implant survival. The peak pressure gradient across the aortic prosthesis measured one year after the implant was higher in patients with an initial discrepancy between 3D-TEE and CTA measurements. In a multivariate cox-regression model, the discrepancy between CTA and 2D-TEE readings and the smaller size of the aortic annular area were the predictors of long-term survival. Conclusion: Both 2D and 3D-TEE underestimate the aortic annulus measurements compared to CTA, with 2D-TEE being relatively more precise than 3D-TEE technology. The presence of a discrepancy between echocardiographic and CTA measurements of the aortic annulus is associated with a lower survival rate.
Associations between dietary acid load and obesity among Iranian women
Authors: Fatahi Somaye , Qorbani Mostafa , J. Surkan Pamela , Azadbakht Leila
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Diet-induced acid load may be associated with overweight and obesity as well as with diet quality. We aimed to study how dietary acid load is associated with overweight, obesity and diet quality indices in healthy women. Methods: We randomly selected 306 healthy 20 to 55 year-old women from health centers affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Science. They were enrolled in a cross-sectional study between June2016 and March 2017. Potential renal acid load (PRAL), net endogenous acid production (NEAP) and dietary acid load (DAL) were calculated for each person. Dietary quality index international (DQI-I),mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and energy density (ED) were estimated. Anthropometry was measured using standard protocols. Nutritional data were obtained from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess dietary acid load indices in relation to overweight, obesity and abdominal adiposity. Results: Participants had a mean age of 32.4 years. The number and percentage of women who were overweight, obese and who had abdominal obesity were 94(30.7), 38(12.4) and 126(41.2), respectively.The odds of obesity (adjusted odds ratio; Adj. OR = 2.41, 95% confidence interval; CI:1.01-5.74,P = 0.045) and abdominal adiposity (Adj. OR = 2.4, 95% CI:1.34-4.60, P = 0.004) increased significantly with tertile of DAL. Other dietary acid load indices (PRAL and NEAP) showed no significant association with obesity, overweight or abdominal obesity. As dietary acid load scores (PRAL, NEAP and DAL)increased, DQI-I and MAR significantly decreased whereas ED significantly increased across tertilesof dietary acid load indices (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Dietary acid load is associated with obesity and abdominal obesity and is also considered an indicator of diet quality.
In vitro anti-diabetic activity, bioactive constituents, and molecular modeling studies with sulfonylurea receptor1 for insulin secretagogue activity of seed extract of Syzygium cumini (L.)
Authors: Assan Aliyar Meharban , Nadig Pratibha , Bharatham Nagakumar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Syzygium cumini (L.) has been known to be used for diabetes treatment in traditional Indian and Chinese medicine. The present study focuses on the evaluation for glucose uptake and insulin release in vitro and characterization of phytoconstituents of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Syzygium cumini seed (SCE). Further, this report covers the molecular docking findings of the bioactive constituents on the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1). Methods: A glucose uptake assay of SCE was used to estimate the glucose uptake from the cell lysates and the cell culture supernatants using insulin as the reference standard. Insulin release activity of SCE from RIN-5F cells was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The phytoconstituents were isolated by preparative HPLC and characterized by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy. The molecular docking of bioactive constituents was carried on repaglinide bound to the SUR1. Results: In the presence of SCE, the glucose uptake through L6 myoblast cells increased by 19.91% at 40 µg/mL in comparison with the vehicle control (P < 0.05). Moreover, SCE showed 2.8-fold enhancement of insulin release at 40 µg/mL as compared to the vehicle controls (P < 0.05). Gallic and ellagic acids were the key phytoconstituents isolated from SCE. Molecular docking studies revealed that both gallic acid and ellagic acid bind to the repaglinide binding pocket of SUR1. Conclusion: SCE increases the release of insulin and enhances glucose uptake in vitro, which may contribute to its in vivo anti-diabetic activity. The presence of ellagic acid and gallic acid in SCE may be the cause for enhanced insulin release observed with SCE following binding to SUR1.
Chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of the essential oil from the aerial parts ofDorema aucheri
Authors: Hossiniyan Seyed Ahmad , ghalamfarsa Farideh , Rostami yasuj Shaghayegh , salehpour Zeynab , Latifpour Mohsen , hassanzadeh Sajad , Mohammadi Bahram , Jadidi-Niaragh Farhad , Ganji Ali , Ghalamfarsa Ghasem
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Herbal products are beneficial compounds with many applications in human life. In this study the chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of the essential oil of the aerial parts of Dorema aucheri were assessed. Methods: The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation after drying the aerial parts of D. aucheri, collected from the mountains around Yasuj city in the South-West of Iran. The oil composition was determined by GC/MS. To evaluate in vitro cytotoxic activity, the apoptotic effects of the essential oil were investigated against SW48 and SW1116 colorectal cancer cell lines by (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium) bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. Results: The essential oil yield was obtained 0.02% (W/W). Twenty-five compounds were identified in the oil, and the main constituents were caryophyllene (E) (31.29%), Phytol (14.92%), gurjunene (β-) (9.84%), 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (8.7%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (8.09%). The MTT assay showed that the IC50 values of the essential oil for SW48 and SW1116 cell lines were 1.4 and 1.2 mg/mL, respectively. The results of flow cytometry showed that the essential oil significantly increased the apoptosis in SW48 cell line compared with the vincristine (P < 0.05). It also increased the apoptosis in SW1116 cells compared with the vincristine, but this difference is not significant. Conclusion: The essential oil of D. aucheri consisted of high amounts of caryophyllene and showed significant cytotoxic effects against SW48 and SW1116 cancerous cell lines.
Annona muricata L. extract decreases intestinal glucose absorption and improves glucose tolerance in normal and diabetic rats
Authors: Guevara-Vásquez Ana María , Campos-Florián Julio Víctor , Dávila-Castillo Jesús Haydee
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Poorly controlled hyperglycemia causes numerous health complications. Postprandial hyperglycemia is an important indicator of diabetic status. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of Annona muricata L. extract on the in vitro intestinal glucose absorption in diabetic rats and in vivo antihyperglycemic activity in both normal and diabetic rats. Methods: Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract from the leaves of A. muricata was carried out. Albino rats were randomly assigned into normal and diabetic groups. Each group was divided into three subgroups: control (vehicle), experimental (A. muricata), and standard (Metformin) groups, to determine antihyperglycemic activity at different times after glucose overload. The everted intestinal sac technique was used to study intestinal glucose absorption in diabetic rats. Results: Aqueous leaf extract of Peruvian A. muricata exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.05) in vivo antihyperglycemic activity in both normal and diabetic rats when compared to the control group. The magnitude of the effect was similar to metformin treatment. Moreover, the aqueous leaf extract of A. muricata significantly diminished in vitro intestinal glucose absorption, with a magnitude similar to metformin treatment. Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous extract revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and leucoanthocyanidins, among others. Conclusion: This study reveals that A. muricata aqueous extract is able to reduce in vitro intestinal glucose absorption and improve oral glucose tolerance in rats.
Efficacy of Photobiomodulation and Vitamin D on Odontogenic Activity of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: M. Abdelgawad Latifa , Salah Nehal , Sabry Dina , Abdelgwad Marwa
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The regeneration of dental pulp tissue using human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Recent studies have suggested that several factors such as photobiomodulation (PBM) and vitamin D affect the proliferation and differentiation of HDPSCs. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of PBM and vitamin D on odontogenic differentiation of HDPSCs for dentin -like tissue formation. Methods: HDPSCs were collected, isolated, and characterized and then divided into six groups: group I, control; group II, vitamin D (10-7 Mol); group III, irradiation at 1 J/cm2 of 810 nm diode laser; group IV, irradiation at 1 J/cm2 and culture with vitamin D; group V, irradiation at 2 J/cm2 , and group VI, irradiation at 2 J/cm2 and culture with vitamin D, cell viability assay was measured through MTT. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity and mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) were also assessed. Results: PBM at 1 and 2 J/cm2 combined with vitamin D significantly promoted HDPSCs proliferation through MTT assay and odontogenic differentiation through gene expression of VEGF, BMP-2, and DSPP levels (P<0.0001). Conclusion: PBM at 2 J/cm2 combined with vitamin D enhanced the HDPSCs proliferation and odontogenic differentiation and thus could be a novel strategy for dentin regeneration in dentistry.
Holmium: YAG Versus Cold Knife Internal Urethrotomy in the Management of Short Urethral Strictures: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gamal Mohamed A. , Higazy Ahmed , Ebskharoun Samuel F. , Radwan Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Introduction: our study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of Holmium: YAG laser internal urethrotomy compared to the cold knife internal urethrotomy. Methods: Eighty adult male patients presented with a urethral stricture less than 1.5 cm were included in our study; they were randomly allocated into 2 groups representing Holmium and cold knife internal urethrotomy. A careful evaluation with ascending cystourethrogram and uroflowmetry were done on all patients, and they were followed up for 1 year with uroflowmetry. Results: Each group included 40 patients sharing the same demographic data. The most common cause of a urethral stricture in both groups was iatrogenic injury. The mean operative time of the cold knife urethrotomy procedure was 10.98 ± 2.40 minutes compared to 15.43 ± 2.48 minutes in the holmium laser urethrotomy group with a highly significant difference. The results showed success rates of 90% and 80% for the holmium laser and cold knife internal urethrotomy groups respectively. The perioperative complication according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, showed no statistically significant difference in grade 1 and 2 complications. A recurrence rate with the need for redo surgery representing grade 3B complication was seen in 4 cases in the Holmium group compared to 8 cases in the cold knife group with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Both Holmium Laser and cold knife internal urethrotomy are an effective surgical option for the treatment of a urethral stricture less than 1.5 cm with a promising outcome after 1-year follow-up with a better success rate using the Holmium laser.
Effect of Er:YAG Laser and Reduced Time of Acid Etching on Bond Strength of Self-adhesive Resin Cement to MTA and Biodentine
Authors: Dehghanian Paria , Shafiei Fereshteh , Kianimanesh Nasrin
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Considering the recent trend to use mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine and resin cements, more conservative approaches concurrent with adequate bond strength have always been requested. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with Er:YAG laser etching versus acid-etching for 5 and 15 seconds on the micro shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement (SRC) to MTA and Biodentine. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight samples of each cement (MTA and Biodentine) were prepared and distributed into four groups based on surface pretreatment: 1) control, no treatment; 2) Er:YAG laser etching with energy of 60 mJ; 3) 5-second acid-etching; 4) 15-second acid-etching. All specimens were cemented using SRC. Microshear bond strengths were tested following 24-hour water storage. Debonded specimens were examined and surface topography was assessed using an atomic force machine (AFM). Data analysis was performed using the two-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons test. Results: The three testing groups of laser etch and 5-s and 15-s acid-etch demonstrated a significantly higher SBS than the control group (P<0.05) with negligible differences among them (P > 0.05). Furthermore, Biodentine showed better adhesive bonding than MTA in all groups. Conclusion: Laser etching of 60 mJ and 5-s acid-etching were as beneficial as 15-s acid-etching in terms of bond strength of SRC to MTA and Bodentine.
The Photobiomodulation Effect of 940nm Laser Irradiation on Enterococcus faecalis in Human Root Dentin Slices of Varying Thicknesses
Authors: Sher Bryan Martin , Mulder Riaan , Gutknecht Norbert
Published: September 2021

Introduction: An increase in dentine thickness could result in an inadequate depth of laser energy penetration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 940 nm laser on Enterococcus faecalis through varying thicknesses of human root dentin slices. Methods: Thirty-five dentin slices of root dentin with thicknesses ranging between 500 and 3000 µm were produced. Six experimental groups (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 µm (n=5 each) were lased and the seventh, non-lased group served as the positive control with a dentine thickness of 2000 µm. The slices were inoculated with 2 µL of E. faecalis suspension of 1.5 × 108 E. faecalis cells/mL. All the lased slices were lased from the opposing side of the inoculation. A non-initiated 200 μm bare end fibre at the power of 1 W, in a continuous wave was used. Four doses of laser irradiation of 5 seconds with a side to side movement with the tip held at a 5º angle to the dentine slice were performed. The colony-forming units of E. faecalis were determined and the bacterial photobiomodulation effect analysed using one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni and Holm post hoc test at a significance level of P>0.05. Results: There were statistical differences between the dentin slices of 500, 1000, and 1500 μm treated with the laser compared to the positive control (P<0.01). However, there were no statistical differences between the lased 2000 and 2500 μm slices compared to the positive control. There was significantly more photobiomodulation of the E. faecalis for the dentine slices of 3000 μm than the positive control (P<0.01). Conclusion: Laser treatment through dentine slices of 2000 μm and thinner significantly reduced bacterial growth. The photobiomodulation effects started to occur in dentine slices thicker than 2500 μm compared to the positive control.
Comparison of the efficacy of sonic irrigation and conventional syringe irrigation in the removal of curcumin and triple antibiotic paste from root canals
Authors: Adigüzel Mehmet , Yilmaz Koray , Pamukçu İsmail İlker
Published: September 2021

Background. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of sonic irrigation and conventional syringe irrigation (CSI) in terms of curcumin (CUR) and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) removal from a standardized groove artificially created in root canals. Methods. The root canals of 72 anterior maxillary teeth were prepared using the Reciproc system to size R50. The teeth were split longitudinally, and a standardized groove was created in the apical region of one root half. The standardized grooves were filled with CUR or TAP with the exclusion of six teeth that served as the negative control group, and then the root halves were reassembled. The teeth were divided into two subgroups according to the irrigation protocols used: sonic activation with EndoActivator (EA) or CSI (n=15). After the removal of the medicament, the residual medicament was assessed under a stereomicroscope. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses (P = 0.05). Results. The EA sonic activation method was significantly more efficient in removing CUR medicament from the root canals. Considering the medicament types, more CUR than TAP was removed from the root canals using both CSI and the EA (sonic activation) system (P<0.05). Conclusion. As compared with CSI, the EA was not significantly more efficient in removing TAP, but it was significantly more effective than CSI in removing CUR.
Evaluation of the effect of periapical lesions and other odontogenic conditions on maxillary sinus mucosal thickness characteristics and mucosal appearance: A CBCT study
Authors: Ince Yusufoglu Selen , Hasanoglu Erbasar Güzin Neda , Gülen Orhan
Published: September 2021

Background. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the effect of various dental and maxillary sinus variables on maxillary sinus mucosal thickness (MT). The variables included periodontal bone loss (PBL), periapical status, dental restorations of posterior maxillary teeth, and the distance from the root apices to the sinus mucosa. Methods. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the maxillary sinuses (n=600) in 300 patients were examined. The sinus MT and the distance of the roots from maxillary sinuses were measured. Apical lesions of the roots, PBL, and situations of adjacent teeth were recorded. The relationships between these conditions and MT and characterization of MT were evaluated. The Kruskal–Wallis H test was used to compare groups due to the non-normal distribution of the data. The relationship between categorical variables was analyzed using chi-squared test. Results. There was a significant correlation between maxillary sinus MT and periapical lesions, PBL, and restorations (P<0.05). MT increased as the apical lesions of premolar teeth enlarged (P<0.05, P=0.022). MT increased in cases of mild PBL of molar teeth (P=0.041). Conclusion. In this retrospective study, the MT significantly increased in patients with periapical lesions, inadequate endodontic treatment, increased PBL, and inadequate dental restorations.
Sealing ability of three different materials to repair furcation perforations using computerized fluid filtration method
Authors: Koç Cemre , Aslan Berna , Ulusoy Zuhal , Oruçoğlu Hasan
Published: September 2021

Background. The present study aimed to evaluate the sealing ability of three different calcium silicate-based materials in furcation perforations. Methods. Seventy-six human mandibular molar teeth were selected. Perforations were created in the center of the pulp chamber floor. The experimental teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=22). Perforations were repaired with MTA Angelus, Endocem MTA, or EndoSequence BioCeramic Root Repair Material Fast Set Putty (BC-RRM Putty). Microleakage of the different repair materials to be tested was measured by computerized fluid filtration method at 24- and 72-hour intervals. Results. For each time interval, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. For Endocem MTA and BC-RRM Putty groups, the difference between the leakage values measured at both periods was not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference for the MTA Angelus group (P<0.05). Conclusion. All the calcium silicate-based materials used in the present study showed similar performance in repairing furcation perforations at 24- and 72-hour intervals.
A short review: Characterization and Heath Effects of Saffron Utilizing in Disease Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Vo Thi Sinh , Vo Tran Thi Bich Chau , Vo Tran Thi Thu Ngoc
Published: September 2021

With current technological development, finding and exploring novel chemical compounds from natural material sources can be one of significant purposes for researchers. Especially, saffron is known to be the highest-cost medicinal plant, a high-grade spice, and an outstanding dye. Concomitantly, the final saffron products truly affect much their quality to protect the rights for the consumer, as well as its available healthy benefits can be utilized for treating or preventing various diseases. Herein, the chemical characterization and health effects of saffron are shortly introduced and summarized through treatment and prevention of different diseases (i.e.: cancer, liver, ocular, diabetes, antidepressant, Alzheimer and gastrointestinal diseases), which can favor readers understanding clearly the saffron advantages through this short review. Moreover, it can provide relatively for choosing an effective drying method to maintain the product qualities and facilitate the industrial production of saffron.
A cutaneous tuberculosis mimic presented with recurrent soft tissue infection: A case report
Authors: Nor Hashimah Abu Mansor Matardiah , Ai Lee Lim , Raymond Azman Ali
Published: September 2021

Recurrent cellulitis is one of the cutaneous tuberculosis mimickers. As the skin lesion can mimic other skin diseases, the diagnosis can easily be missed especially in immunocompetent patients without any other risk factors. We present a case of a 62-year-old lady with history of right hand extensor tenosynovitis presented with right hand and forearm swelling and pain, associated with fever. Clinically, her right hand and forearm were erythematous with a small nodule at the right elbow. She was treated for recurrent right upper limb cellulitis and thrombophlebitis complicated by septic shock needing several courses of antibiotics. However, she did not show any significant response to the treatment. Multiple septics work up were carried out and all were negative, except aspiration of her right elbow nodule was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculous treatment was started but unfortunately, she succumbed due to nosocomial infection.