bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Staff and student health and wellness at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University: current status and needs assessment
Authors: Koen N. , Philips L. , Potgieter S. , Smit Y. , Van Niekerk E. , Nel D. G. , Visser J.
Published: October 2020

Background: Emphasis is currently placed on the importance of employee and student wellness initiatives. The aim was to assess staff and student health status at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Stellenbosch University (SU), and to conduct a wellness needs assessment.Methods: Online, self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data concerning staff and students. Additionally, students’ anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed. Summary statistics, correlation coefficients and appropriate analysis of variance were used for data analyses.Results: Data were obtained from staff (survey: n = 300) and students (screening: n = 536; survey: n = 330). Some 58% (n = 174) of staff had a self-reported BMI of ≥ 25 kg/m2 whilst mean screening values for all variables fell within normal reference ranges for students. In all, 78% (n = 232) of staff reported to exercise 150 min/week and 28% (n = 91) of students were sedentary for 8 h/day; 63% (n = 188) of staff expressed the need to make better food choices, 17% (n = 55) of students were aware of the need to change but experienced reluctance, and both staff and students felt dietary assistance would be beneficial (43% vs. 46%). In addition, 79% of staff (n = 208) and 42% of students (n = 138) reported being under constant pressure.Conclusion: Much can be done to improve the health and well-being of both staff and students at the FMHS, SU. Wellness is a multifactorial concept; as such, health-promotional strategies for classrooms and workplaces should consider all factors in order to provide a holistic approach and potentially identify those who are at risk of a sub-optimal wellness status.
The South African Academy of Family Physicians: new directions
Authors: Mash Bob
Published: October 2020

No abstract available.
Menstrual abnormalities amongst female South African Hajj pilgrims: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Parker S. , Omar S. , Mahomed O. H.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Hajj (pilgrimage), the fifth pillar of Islam, is obligatory for every Muslim, male or female, provided that he/she is physically and financially able to do so, at least once in his/her lifetime. One of the rituals of Hajj requires the absence of menstruation. In the current modern era, many females utilise oral contraception to manipulate their menstrual cycle so that the pilgrim can be menses free during the main rituals of Hajj. However, many such females are at risk of breakthrough bleeding. Very little information has been documented concerning the incidence of menstrual cycle abnormalities amongst female Hajj pilgrims in general and South African pilgrims in particular. This study aims to determine the incidence of menstrual cycle abnormalities amongst South African female Hajj pilgrims and the potential factors that predispose to them.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted amongst South African female pilgrims during the five-day Hajj period. South Africa is usually limited to 5 000 pilgrims annually with a 50:50 gender split. For most of the five days of Hajj, pilgrims, separated by gender, are housed in special tents. Data were collected using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed amongst the ladies’ tents in Mina on the last day of Hajj by nursing sisters attached to the South African medical mission. A total of 470 South African female pilgrims participated in the study with 147 excluded as they were either postmenopausal or had had hysterectomies, resulting in a sample size of 323.Results: Of the 318 participants who responded to the question about hormonal menstrual manipulation (HMM), 195 (61%) attempted this and 123 (39%) did not. Of the 308 participants who responded to the question concerning menstrual cycle problems (MCP), 54 (18%) had problems and 254 (82%) did not. Of the 189 participants who attempted HMM and answered the question on MCP, 44/189 (23%) had MCP, whilst 10/108 (9%) of those who did not attempt HMM had MCP. The OR for MCP was 2.97 (CI 1.46–6.04) if HMM was attempted compared with no HMM attempt.Conclusion: Menstrual irregularities occurred more frequently in those who attempt hormonal menstrual manipulation compared with those who do not. Health education on this issue should be integrated into the pre-Hajj classes.
The use of skeletal muscle relaxants in musculoskeletal injuries: what is the evidence?
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Dina C. , Jansen van Rensburg Audrey , Kalmeier Gehart , Viljoen Carel T. , Ramagole Dimakatso A. , Schwellnus Martin P.
Published: October 2020

Skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs) consist of a heterogeneous group of medications with a side effect profile of concern. The aim of this paper was to review the evidence of use of SMRs in the treatment of sports injuries. A literature search between 2005 – 2018 (Ovid MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and SCOPUS) were conducted. In addition, citations within articles were searched, and the most commonly prescribed SMRs in South Africa were also used to explore the literature for additional publications. Relevant studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Clinical recommendations for general practitioners are given based on the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) level of evidence. Combination drugs rather than single agents are mostly used, however the effectiveness of SMR agents, single and in combination, as well as its significance as opposed to analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, still has to be evaluated. Evidence suggest SMRs to be probably effective for use in non-specific lower back pain (acute and chronic lower back muscle strains, ligament sprains, soft tissue contusions), as well as for whiplash associated disorder, mechanical neck disorders, piriformis syndrome, lateral epicondylosis, and plantar fasciitis. It does not appear if there is a role for SMRs as part of combination management for acute cervical strains, post-exercise muscle soreness or myofacial pain syndrome. However, substantial evidence to confirm the use of SMRs in the treatment of sports injuries have not been adequately investigated and is currently largely based on case reports and general reviews.
Knowledge, attitudes and practice of healthcare providers regarding contraceptive use in adolescence in Mahalapye, Botswana
Authors: Tshitenge S. T. , Nlisi K. , Setlhare V. , Ogundipe R.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy is a global public health problem, for which healthcare providers (HCPs) play a critical role to prevent unintended pregnancy. This study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of HCPs towards the use of contraceptives in adolescents.Results: Of the 101 eligible for the study, 79.2% HCPs from the selected clinics and hospital responded. The majority (91.2%) of respondents felt confident to explain to adolescents how to use old contraceptive methods such as oral contraceptives or IUCD, less than half of the respondents (41.3%) were confident to explain how to use new contraceptive methods such as transdermal contraceptive patches or vaginal rings. Medical doctors felt more confident to prescribe new contraceptive methods compared with nurses, both vaginal rings (p-value = 0.0006) and transdermal contraceptive patches (p-value = 0.0003). More than two-thirds of the respondents disagreed that beliefs influenced their ability to offer contraceptive services to adolescents, half of the respondents strongly disagreed that it was morally wrong for adolescents to use contraceptives. Although three-quarters of respondents strongly agreed (median = 5, [IQR 5–6]) that they were comfortable with prescribing contraceptives to adolescents, only 23% of the respondents very much prescribed or always prescribed contraceptives to adolescents.Conclusion: Most of the HCPs prescribed contraceptives irregularly, and had limited knowledge about newer methods. To change HCPs’ KAP, in addition to continuing medical education (CME), the establishment of family planning clinics for adolescents and more undergraduate contraceptive teaching for medical and nursing students could result in the increased utilisation of contraceptive services by adolescents.
To clot, or not to clot – Antithrombotic therapy is the question
Authors: Osuch E. , Marais A.
Published: October 2020

Haemostasis and thrombosis rely on three components namely the vascular endothelial wall, blood platelets and the coagulation cascade. Non-physiologic excessive thrombosis occurs when haemostatic processes are dysfunctional, causing undue clot formation or reduced clot lysis. Antithrombotic agents including antiplatelet, anticoagulation and fibrinolytic agents are essential for the prophylaxis and pharmacological management of venous thromboembolism and arterial thrombosis. Anticoagulation treatment options have expanded steadily over the past few decades, providing a greater number of agents. Anticoagulants that directly target the enzymatic activity of thrombin and factor Xa have recently been developed to address the inadequacies of traditional vitamin K antagonists. Appropriate use of these agents requires knowledge of their individual characteristics, risks, and benefits.
Management of rabies
Authors: Weyer J. , Blumberg Lucille
Published: October 2020

Rabies is endemic in South Africa and human rabies cases continue to be reported annually. Most human cases in South Africa are dog-transmitted. Whilst efforts are underway to control and eventually eliminate dog rabies in the country, prevention of the disease through appropriate use of rabies postexposure prophylaxis is critical to save lives. This article provides a summary of rabies in South Africa and key aspects of the prevention of the disease in exposed humans.
National Health Insurance – a Bill too far?
Authors: Mash Bob
Published: October 2020

No abstract available.
Management of residual penile curvature after penile prosthesis placement
Authors: Krakhotkin Denis V , Ralph David J , Blecher Gideon A , Chernylovskyi Volodymyr A , Greco Francesco , Bakurov Evgeny E , Bugaev Ruslan A
Published: October 2020

Residual penile curvature is a common situation following the implantation of a penile prosthesis in patients with Peyronie's disease. Currently, there is a variety of options for the correction of residual curvature, including penile modeling, plication techniques, as well as tunical incision/excision with or without grafting. A literature search of PubMed and Medline databases was conducted from 1964 until 2020, using search terms for all articles in the English language. In this article, we provide a review of the techniques and the outcomes, according to the published literature.
Daily waiting and treatment times at an advanced radiation oncology setup
Authors: Munshi Anusheel , Krishnakutty Saneg , Sarkar Biplab , Ganesh Tharmar , Mohanti Bidhu K.
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

We present our data for every single fraction for every patient treated at our center for the past 4 years, analyzing the waiting and treatment times.

Materials and Methods:

Between January 2014 and February 2018, all patients and their corresponding recorded measurements of waiting time and machine treatment time were analyzed. Times recorded included actual arrival time, designated arrival time, linac entry time, and last beam treatment time. The complete waiting time information was divided into two categories (1) first day treatments and (2) subsequent day treatments. SPSS version 18 was used for statistical calculations, correlations, and assessing significance.

Results:

First day treatments - of 1982 patients following treatments were carried out; 1557 volumetric-modulated arc therapy (78.6%), 88 three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (RT) (4.4%), 14 electron (0.7%), 10 intensity-modulated RT (0.5%), 264 stereotactic irradiation (13.3%), 17 stereotactic body RT (0.7%), and 32 total body irradiation (1.6%). The mean (± standard deviation) times for early/late time, total spent time (TST), wait time gross (WTG), and wait time net (WTN) were 11.0 ± 49.6 min, 74.7 ± 44.8 min, 47.46 ± 43.9 min, and 24.1 ± 44.4 min, respectively. Subsequent day treatments - a total of 34,438 sessions of treatment delivery were recorded. Overall average WTG was 37.4 ± 32.7 min. Overall WTN was 12.1 ± 62.7 min. Overall mean total spent time (TST) was 52.4 ± 33.0 min, overall mean setup and treatment time was 15.1 ± 10.9 min.

Conclusion:

We have presented our results of patient-related times during RT. Our study covers the daily waiting times before RT as well as the actual treatment times during modern-day RT. This consecutive patient data from a large series shall be an important resource tool for future planners and policymakers.
A Case of Simultaneously Diagnosed Lung Adenocarcinoma and Endobronchial Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor with Two Distinct Types of ALK Translocation
Authors: Zhao Shikang , Liu Wei , Li Shuo , Shi Tao , Chen Qiusong , Li Qi , Sun Leina , Ren Dian , Song Zuoqing , Huang Chun , Xu Song
Published: October 2020

A 61-year-old male patient was simultaneously diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). The lung adenocarcinoma and IMT harbored two distinct types of ALK translocation, LOC101927285-ALK, and TPM3-ALK, respectively. The ALK Ventana showed strong positivity on both lesions. The patient was therefore given an endobronchial cryotherapy and ALK inhibitor crizotinib. The tumors showed durable response however the left lung adenocarcinoma relapsed at 17th month post-crizotinib treatment. Tissue re-biopsy on the resistant tumor revealed an ALK exon 23 C1156Y missense mutation in addition to LOC101927285-ALK mutation. Further RNA-based sequence uncovered that the noncoding region rearrangement is the fusion mutation of EML4-ALK. The patient was therefore received alectinib, and the tumor exhibited partly response. Overall, it is very rare that two types of pulmonary tumors exist in one patient driven by two distinct ALK fusions, which emphasizes the necessity of gene sequencing in clinical decision-making and individualized therapy.
О разрешимости стохастических дифференциальных уравнений с осмотическими скоростями
Authors: Gliklikh Yurii Evgen'evich
Published: October 2020

В статье получены условия, при которых существуют решения стохастического уравнения с так называемыми осмотическими скоростями (антисимметрическими производными по Нельсону). Показано, что решения существуют не всегда, начальные значения определяются правыми частями уравнения, но часть правых частей их не определяет и в этом случае решений не существует. Даже при "правильном" начальном значении решение не единственно.
Докритические ветвящиеся процессы в случайной среде с иммиграцией: выживание одного семейства
Authors: Vatutin Vladimir Alekseevich , Dyakonova Elena Evgen'evna
Published: October 2020

Рассматривается докритический ветвящийся процесс в случайной среде, компоненты которой одинаково распределены и независимы. Предполагается, что к каждому поколению частиц присоединяется ровно один иммигрант. Пусть $\mathcal{A}_i(n)$ - событие, состоящее в том, что все частицы основного процесса, живущие в момент $n$, являются потомками иммигранта, присоединившегося к популяции в момент $i$. Исследуется асимптотическое поведение вероятности этого события при $n\to\infty$ в случаях, когда $i$ фиксировано, разность $n-i$ постоянна и, наконец, когда $\min(i,n-i)\to\infty$. Для нахождения интересующих нас асимптотик мы доказали несколько предельных теорем о свойствах случайных блужданий, остающихся либо неотрицательными, либо неположительными на промежутке $[0,n]$.
emprego da impressão tridimensional no planejamento cirúrgico
Authors: Varela Ana Paula Aparecida dos Santos , Santos Deivid Ramos dos , Araújo Iasmin Maia Soares de , Tramontin Daniela Ferreira , Costa Ana Carolina Cunha , Barros Charles Alberto Villacorta de
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o emprego da impressão tridimensional no planejamento cirúrgico. Método: Caracteriza-se como revisão de literatura, de caráter descritivo-analítico que buscou artigos publicados em bases nacionais e internacionais, no período de 2009 a 2019. Resultados: Foram encontradas 15 artigos científicos que abordam a temática. Procedeu-se leitura prévia dos textos encontrados e eliminação das duplicidades, resultando em 12 artigos na íntegra que permitiram identificar os diversos enfoques da temática. Conclusão: O uso da impressão tridimensional no planejamento cirúrgico contribui significativamente para procedimentos pré-operatórios mais seguros e precisos além da vasta aplicabilidade no processo de simulação realística em diversos casos.
Analysis of the availability of spatial datasets defined by the 3rd annex of the INSPIRE directive in Poland
Authors: Krawczyk Artur
Published: October 2020

The article describes changes in the usage of spatial information taking place in the field of environmental engineering and protection over the last 20 years when the analogue maps have been phased out in favour of digital maps. The importance of EU INSPIRE Directive for the popularization of the services for sharing spatial data in order to adopt an environmental policy implemented under the “environmental” EU Directive is discussed. The article describes the main ways of using spatial information in environmental engineering and protection. Then it discusses the problem of the openness of public administration data in the context of the “Open Data” EU Directive. Based on the four criteria defined by the author, the accessibility of data sets for all 21 subjects of 3rd Annex to the INSPIRE Directive in Poland has been analyzed. The key evaluation parameter has been the accessibility of data downloadable without the requirement to log in to the system of the service provider. The summary presents the research results, and the conclusions contain the proposed methods of solving them.
Wizerunek osób z niepełnosprawnościami: stan postulowany a rzeczywisty obraz w mediach odtworzony na przykładzie tygodników opiniotwórczych
Authors: Wojakowski Tomasz
Published: October 2020

The Image of People with Disabilities: the Postulated State and the Real Image in the Media Recreated on the Example of Opinion-Forming Weeklies The main objective of this article is to reconstruct and compare images of different types of people with disabilities. One of them is an image postulated in the public discourse of symbolic elites. The second is a real image, i.e. one that is really presented in the media space. As a result of qualitative research involving the analysis of the texts of articles published during the period of one year (years 2017/2018) of three opinionforming weekly, has been explored and recreated the real image of people with disabilities. Comparing the two images have shown that there is a discrepancy between the postulates and the real state, which is based on the image of a stigma, exclusion and impoverishment, aid dependency, lower social position.
Da crônica à grande reportagem, da biografia ao perfil
Authors: Mendes Lobato José Augusto
Published: October 2020

Neste trabalho, propomos uma aproximação conceitual entre jornalismo e literatura a partir do exame dos procedimentos narrativos e dos diálogos possíveis em duas duplas de gêneros pertencentes a estes campos: a crônica e a grande reportagem, por um lado; e a biografia e o perfil, por outro. Instigados pelos raciocínios de autores que analisam a configuração estrutural dos gêneros nas teorias do jornalismo, nos estudos de linguagem e na teoria literária, observamos alguns exemplos de produções para compreender que, a despeito de seus pressupostos referenciais, o jornalismo é atravessado pela narratividade literária em textos interpretativos, beneficiando-se em estilo, qualidade e relevância à medida que incorpora a literatura à sua linguagem e ao seu modo de tratamento da realidade.
UZAKTAN EĞİTİM ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN EŞ ZAMANLI SANAL SINIF ORTAMLARINI KULLANIM NİYETLERİ İLE UZAKTAN EĞİTİME İLİŞKİN TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇAKIR Recep , ARSLAN Fatma
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Amasya üniversitesinde öğrenim gören ve uzaktan eğitim kapsamında eğitim alan öğrencilerin eş zamanlı sanal sınıf ortamlarını kullanım niyetleri ile uzaktan eğitime ilişkin tutumlarını incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda öğrencilerin kişisel bilgilerini öğrenmek için 8 maddelik “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ile 21 maddeden oluşan “Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” ile 24 maddelik “Eş zamanlı Sanal Sınıf Kabul Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları Amasya üniversitesi Uzaktan Eğitim ve Araştırma Müdürlüğü kapsamında eğitim alan uzaktan eğitim öğrencileri oluşturmuştur. 183 bayan ve 103 erkek toplam 286 öğrenci çalışmaya katılmıştır. Çalışmada betimsel tarama yöntemi kullanılmış ve toplanan veriler istatistik paket programı ile t testi ve anova testi yapılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre uzaktan eğitim öğrencilerinin eş zamanlı sanal sınıf ortamlarını kullanım niyetleri ile uzaktan eğitime ilişkin tutumlarının ortalama düzeyinde yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte; cinsiyet, yaş, mezun olunan lise türü ile uzaktan eğitimi kabul düzeyleri ile tutum düzeyleri arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin eş zamanlı sanal sınıf kullanım düzeylerine bakıldığında kayıtlı oldukları program sonuçlarına göre sağlık önlisans programı öğrencilerinin kullanım niyetleri düzeylerinin diğerlerine göre anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çevrimiçi dersler sırasında yaşanan sorunların neler olduğu belirlenerek bununla ilgili gerekli tedbirlerin alınması önerilmektedir.
Evaluation par Chloration de la Cinétique de Destruction d’Escherichia coli au Cours
du Traitement de l’Eau Déminéralisée de la Régie de Distribution de la Ville Kinshasa
Authors: Muderhwa Mulangala Fify , Mbongo Kimpanza Antoine , Iyambe Bulola Prince , Disadisa Maziana Pascal , Ekoko Bakambo Gracien
Published: October 2020

Dans la présente investigation, l’eau déminéralisée de régie de distribution d'eaux dans
la ville de Kinshasa (Regideso) en République Démocratique du Congo a été contaminée par
des bactéries souches, puis soumise à de différents traitements par chloration. L’estimation des
dommages atteints par des bactéries au cours de la désinfection a été évaluée par la culture
d’Escherichia coli sur trois milieux différents ...
Implementation of ERPS in Accounting within Lebanese Organizations: Motives and Barriers
Authors:   Business administration, Business/ Jinan University, Lebanon, Allouch Ibrahim , Serhan Ali ,   Accounting, Business/theBucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: October 2020

ERPS (Enterprise Resources Planning System) is an information technology software that aims to aid organizations in their functions. According to many research the system proved its significance especially in the fields of accounting and financial management. However, this system in Lebanon has been less effective and less implemented. This research aims to identify the motives that make organizations implement ERPS and the reasons that render them not apply it. Accordingly, a mixed approach has been done. The methodology of the study used both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative research used a questionnaire that addressed 150 employees who work with or are aware of ERPS in order to identify the barriers that made them not use it. For the qualitative research in-depth interviews were held with managers and supervisors to identify the motives that made them use ERPS. The findings of the study indicated that they use ERPS to manage financial resources, and report financial information effectively. The barriers to use it included lack of IT infrastructure, lack of training, and lack of IT support.
El capital intelectual en asociaciones de Productores del sur de Colombia
Authors:   Universidad de Cundinamarca, Andrade Navia Juan Manuel , Gasca Perdomo Andrea Marcela , Perdomo Gutiérrez Ancízar , Benavides Pava Darío ,   Universidad de Cundinamarca, Sánchez Pimentel Henry ,   Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo tuvo el objetivo de medir las capacidades empresariales de las asociaciones de productores del sur de Colombia, beneficiados con el Proyecto Apoyo de Alianzas Productivas que corresponde a la financiación por parte del gobierno nacional a los pequeños y medianos productores rurales para organizarlos en asociaciones y acceder a los mercados formales. La medición se realizó por medio de la percepción de los miembros y asociados frente al capital intelectual desarrollado en sus componentes de capital humano, estructural y relacional. El estudio fue de corte cuantitativo y de tipo descriptivo, en el que se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta a través de un instrumento tipo escala Likert aplicado a 280 miembros asociados de 20 organizaciones. Frente a los resultados se obtuvo organizaciones con un nivel de avance organizativo desarrollado que supera el 60% en los componentes de capital humano en elementos como el conocimiento adquirido por sus miembros, la pertinencia profesional, los procesos de mejoramiento y la antigüedad de la asociación, y en el capital estructural en aspectos como las normas y valores, las certificaciones y marcas, el fondo rotatorio y los métodos de trabajo al interior de la organización; sin embargo, el capital relacional aún no alcanza su desarrollo óptimo obteniendo puntajes inferiores a los 60 puntos, especialmente en aspectos como el nivel de satisfacción del cliente y los nuevos socios y clientes.
Evaluación de la calidad microbiológica de agua potable de dos pueblos palafíticos de la ciénaga grande de Santa Marta
Authors:   Universidad de Cundinamarca, Lugo José Luis , Lugo Elkyn Rafael ,   Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Vargas Sandra Bibiana ,   Universidad de Cundinamarca, Landazury-Villalba Luis Fernando ,   Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Castro Mercado Jonathan ,   Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad microbiológica del agua de consumo de los habitantes de dos pueblos palafíticos de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta: Nueva Venecia y Buena Vista. En este estudio se realizaron 4 muestreos de calidad de agua potable (dos en época seca y dos en época lluviosa) en 38 puntos de muestreos ubicados en tanques de almacenamiento de agua y sistemas de distribución de los pueblos estudiados. Los parámetros de calidad de agua que se determinaron fueron: Coliformes totales y fecales, sólidos disueltos totales, pH y conductividad. Se encontró que los coliformes totales y fecales excedieron los límites permisibles de calidad de agua potable estipulados en la normatividad colombiana, oscilando entre 1 x 104 y 130 x 104 UFC/100 ml, y entre 62 x 104 y 462 x 104 UFC/100 ml, respectivamente; mientras que el pH (varió de 6,7 a 9) y conductividad (el valor máximo fue 700 microsiemens/cm) cumplieron con la normatividad colombiana, y los sólidos disueltos totales no se encuentran regulados (entre 20 y 2198 mg/L). En un Análisis de varianza multivariado se determinó que la época climática tiene un efecto significativo sobre coliformes totales y fecales (Pvalor= 0,0000); y se no se encontró asociación entre sólidos disueltos y coliformes totales (P-valor= 0,7206), en el caso de los coliformes fecales esta relación estadística fue muy leve (P valor =0,048). Finalmente, se concluye que el agua de consumo de los habitantes de estos pueblos presenta un alto grado de contaminación bacteriana indicando un alto riesgo sanitario; por lo que, para mejorar la calidad de vida de la comunidad estudiada se hace necesario el diseño y construcción de instalaciones sanitarias que faciliten la evacuación de excretas, el manejo de residuos sólidos y principalmente la potabilización del agua.
A helikopter felszállási engedélyre vár. Koronavírus, makroökonómia és oktatás
Authors: Sárkány Péter
Published: October 2020

Mivel a koronavírus-járvány okozta gazdasági válság jelentősen eltér az eddig ismert válságoktól, ezért kezelésének eszközei is jórészt különbözőek az eddig alkalmazott módszerektől. Más megoldásokra, eddig nem ismert módszerekre, vagy csak elméleti szempontból felvetett, de a gyakorlatban valójában nem kipróbált lépésekre lehet szükség. A tanulmány ezek közül néhány lehetőség felvázolására vállalkozik, felhívva a figyelmet ezek bemutatásának fontosságára a közgazdaságtan oktatása során.
Discutindo sociedade civil, identidade, participação e movimentos sociais organizados através de um fenômeno cultural na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Mendonça Mauricio Brilhante de
Published: October 2020

Este artigo aborda o caso da cidade de Parintins que em virtude de suas tradições folclóricas tornou-se nas últimas décadas não só uma atração turística, mas um caso diferente. O objetivo do artigo, portanto, é investigar as diversas formas de organização da sociedade civil envolvidas no planejamento e realização do Festival Folclórico de Parintins. Assim como relacionar a atuação destas com as Teorias da Organização e as Teorias Sociais no que tange às formas de organização da Sociedade Civil; e avaliar a preocupação destas instituições e pessoas que fazem o festival com a identidade indígena, cabocla, amazônida e parintinense. A metodologia usada foi a realização de entrevistas abertas de caráter qualitativo com dirigentes e ex-dirigentes das organizações identificadas e com pessoas que no decorrer do processo de pesquisa foram identificadas como detentoras de conhecimento e informações importantes para a solução do problema e análise de documentos. Espera-se que do processo de investigação seja possível obter 4 artigos a serem submetidos em revistas e/ou congressos no campo da Administração e das Ciências Sociais. Talvez sem perceber, o povo parintinense organizado em torno de sua festa folclórica influencia sobremaneira o poder público, o planejamento, o orçamento público e a execução das políticas públicas. E, ao mesmo tempo, deixa claro para aqueles que visitam a cidade ou que vão ao festival folclórico a certeza de que são um povo de costumes e cultura diferentes.
Obstetric outcomes of HIV positive mothers in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shahida Husain Tarar  , Muhammad Afzal  , Hamna Atta  , Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the pregnancy outcome of human immunodeficiency syndrome-positive mothers.

Method: The prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat, Pakistan, from June 2011 to March 2018, and comprised pregnant women screened positive for human immunodeficiency syndrome. Risk factors and perinatal outcomes were noted on a predesigned proforma. Data was analysed usingh SPSS 20.

Results: Of the 74 subjects with a mean age of 29+5.27 years, 63(85.1%) were multiparous and 11(14.9%) were nulliparous. Major risk factors included unsterilized nasal or ear piercing in 70(94.6%) subjects, history of blood transfusion 57(77%) and history of dental procedure in unsterilized settings 23(31.1%). Spouses of 43(58.1%) subjects were positive for human immunodeficiency syndrome, 22(29.7%) were negative and 9(12.2%) had unknown status in this regard. In terms of outcome, 12(16.3%) subjects had spontaneous abortion, 11(12.2%) had intrauterine death of foetus, 6(8.1%) had preterm delivery and 45(60.8%) reached full term and were delivered. There were 2(2.6%) patients with stage 4 disease who died during pregnancy.

Conclusion: Human immunodeficiency syndrome infection in pregnant women was found to be associated with poor pregnancy outcome.

Key Words: HIV, Pregnancy, Pakistan, Perinatal, Risk factors.

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Endogenous methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus as a source of post operative surgical site infections
Authors: Umme Farwa  , Irum Aftab  , Fatima Kaleem  , Mehnaz Khattak  , Mariam Danish Iqbal  , Tariq Butt  , Shahid Ahmad Abbasi
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives: To determine frequency of Endogenous Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pre operative patients and its frequency in Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) Post operatively.

Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional conducted at Department of Microbiology, Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi (FFH), Pakistan. Samples were collected from 1st November-31st May 2018. Total 75 samples were collected during the period. Consecutive non-probability sampling technique was utilized. Specimens were collected from nose, axilla and groin of preoperative patients. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was identified if only isolated from these sites. Patients were followed till his/her discharge from the hospital and if they developed infection post operatively, pus specimen from infected site was also collected and identified.Results: Out of 75 specimen preoperatively, 14.7% (n=11) were identified as endogenous MRSA. From these, 44% (n=33) developed Surgical site infections (SSIs), among them 57% (n=19) were MRSA (09 endogenous, 10 exogenous), 21.2% (n=7) were Escherichia coli, 9.1% (n=3) were Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9.1% (n=3) were Enterococcus faecalis and 3% (n=1) was Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion:  The results of this study determined that Endogenous Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) could be isolated from patients going for surgery if microbiological screening was done at the time of admission. This could prevent patients from Surgical Site Infection Post operatively by these endogenous MRSA. This search and wipe out strategy is able to curtail the events of outbreak, reduce hospital stay and decrease budget of the hospital by providing guidance in choice of empirical therapy for infection.

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WAVE ANALYSIS OF A L-BEAM STRUCTURE WITH A BLOCKING MASS
Authors: Tiu Johnny , Bachoo Richard
Published: October 2020

The wave vibration approach regards the vibrations present within a structure as waves, whereby each wave flows along a structural member and upon meeting a discontinuity; portions of the incident wave are reflected and transmitted across the discontinuity. The reflected, transmitted and propagating wave transformations are represented mathematically by matrices, which are used to develop a set of wave relation equations at each discontinuity that can be used to describe the frequency response of the system holistically. This method creates a systematic approach of analysing structures by utilizing common cases as building blocks for a specific structure. The L-joint, described as two beams meeting at right angles; is a ubiquitous case for spatial portal and structural frames, which may become geometrically complex. Such structures are well suited to a wave vibration approach due to the large number of geometric changes and the prevalence as well as recurrence of specific cases. In this paper, the L-joint expanded to include a blocking mass, typically employed in structural systems and allows for the isolation and reflection of vibration away from contiguous structural elements. Included are; variance of transmission and reflection matrix components as the size of the blocking mass increases, numerical examples and comparison to a Finite Element Model developed in ANSYS.
Metabolic changes on the background of acute exposure to paracetamol and evaluation of the effectiveness of hepatoprotective drug
Authors: Timasheva Gulnara V. , Karimov D. O. , Repina E. F. , Smolyankin D. A. , Khusnutdinova N. Yu. , Mukhammadieva G. F. , Baygildin S. S.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. In modern conditions, caused by the pandemic of a new type of viral infection Covid 19, the use of paracetamol, which has hepatotoxic properties in overdose, has increased. It seems relevant to study metabolic disorders in the liver in acute paracetamol intoxication and evaluate the effectiveness of the timely use of hepatoprotective drugs. The purpose of this study is an experimental assessment of metabolic changes at the early stages of paracetamol exposure and pharmacological correction of toxic liver lesions with oxymethyluracil in comparison with known hepatoprotectors - ademetionine and Mexidol. Material and methods. Acute intragastric administration of paracetamol to laboratory animals was performed, and the corrective effect of the drug oxymethyluracil was studied in comparison with “Heptor” and “Mexidol”. Biochemical studies of biomaterial of laboratory animals were conducted. Results. The analysis found the use of known hepatoprotectors and oxymethyluracil after exposure to paracetamol to normalize the biochemical parameters that characterize the functional state of the liver in laboratory animals. Conclusion. Oxymethyluracil, along with known hepatoprotectors, has a protective effect on the liver of laboratory animals under acute exposure to paracetamol comparable to, and in some cases exceeding, the corrective action of “Heptor” and “Mexidol”.
The use of public health monitoring data for the assessment of the risk of developing diseases of respiratory organs under exposure to aeropollutants
Authors: Bakirov Ahat B. , Gimranova Galina G. , Abdrakhmanova Elena R. , Masyagutova Lyaylya M. , Vlasova Natalya V. , Sagadieva Regina F. , Gazizova Nailya R. , Borisova Alla I.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The results of the analysis of the quality of atmospheric air have shown a different level of its impact on the development of respiratory diseases in certain Russian entities. This is due to the necessity to develop and implement measures for managing the health risks of the working population. Material and methods. For analysis, we used the all-Russian data of state and departmental statistics reports, as well as analytical data received and processed in the prescribed manner. Results. According to controlling organizations, the atmospheric air of urban settlements is the most polluted near highways in the residential area (1.00% of samples with excess MPC) and the area of stationary observation posts (0.87% of samples with an excess of hygiene standards). Air pollution is likely the cause of developing from 3.02 to 11 863.7 additional cases of respiratory diseases per 100 thousand population. Recommendations on the use of environmental data have been developed. Criteria for the development of respiratory diseases for persons living in the area of air pollution impact and working in hazardous conditions exposed to aerosols have been determined. Medical and preventive measures should be jointly carried out by supervisory and health authorities. Information and hygiene education is recommended as part of corporate events aimed at the increasing commitment to a healthy lifestyle for the working population. Health authorities determine the terms for the dynamic observation of patients, including the development of individual preventive measures and form groups of contingents for diseases, determining the frequency of the medical examination of the population. High-quality preliminary and periodic medical examinations allow the development of comprehensive programs to reduce the morbidity rate. Conclusion. An algorithm has been developed to ensure environmental monitoring aimed at reducing the risk of respiratory diseases. Measures for risk management are highlighted: technological, sanitary-technical, sanitary-hygienic, medical. The monitoring results will allow ranking the territories in areas with an increased and low risk of developing respiratory diseases.
A note on movements of southern right whales between the sub-Antarctic Auckland and Campbell Islands, New Zealand
Authors: Patenaude Nathalie J. , Todd Barbara , Stewart Ramari
Published: October 2020

To investigate the interchange of southern right whales between wintering grounds of the New Zealand sub-Antarctic, photographs of 31 individuals from Campbell Island were compared to 217 individuals from the Auckland Islands. Three whales first identified at the Auckland Islands in 1995 or 1996 were found at Campbell Island in 1997. One whale identified at Campbell Island in 1995 was seen later that same winter at the Auckland Islands. This provides the first evidence of both within- and between-year movements of whales between the two New Zealand sub-Antarctic aggregations, suggesting that they are part of one intermingling population.
Stranding events of southern right whales, Eubalaena australis, in southern Brazil
Authors: B. Greig Antonio , R. Secchi Eduardo , N. Zerbini Alexandre , Dalla Rosa Luciano
Published: October 2020

Although international protection has been granted since 1935, southern right whales have only recently shown signs of recovery, possiblydue to anthropogenic factors. Off Brazil, illegal hunting of right whales occurred until 1973. This paper reports on surveys conducted alongthe southern Brazilian coast and the information recovered on right whale strandings for this area from 1977-1995. In the first 10 years ofthis period only four cases were registered. However, in contrast, 20 cases were counted during the last nine years. These results arediscussed in relation to marine traffic and the fisheries in the area that produce risks of collision and entanglement. Further, the possibilityof storm surges being a preponderant factor in the mortalities in this area is presented. These yearly rates are compared with neighbouringareas that are also inhabited by the right whales. Both possibilities fit the hypothesis that the right whales using the Brazilian coast forbreeding may finally be showing signs of recovery.
A Bayesian approach to assess the status of Southern Hemipshere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) with an application to Breeding Stock G
Authors: Johnston Susan J. , Zerbini Alexandre N. , Butterworth Doug S.
Published: October 2020

The Bayesian stock assessment methodology presently being applied in the Comprehensive Assessment of the Southern Hemisphere humpbackwhales, which uses a sex- and age-aggregated population model, is detailed. This methodology is applied to Breeding Stock G, which winters offthe west coast of South America. This application takes into account the recently updated historic catch series, as well as the most recent estimatesof absolute abundance and population trend information.
Long term trends in abundance of humpback whales in Hervey Bay, Australia
Authors: H. Forestell Paul , D. Kaufman Gregory , Chaloupka Milani
Published: October 2020

Seasonal abundance estimates of humpback whales resident during the austral winter in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia between 1987 and 2007were obtained from a capture-mark-recapture study using photo-identification images of 3,155 individual whales. Hervey Bay is a major southboundstopover site for Breeding Stock E humpback whales returning to Antarctic waters from over-wintering in the vicinity of the Great Barrier Reef.Annual survival, recapture and abundance estimates were derived using a Cormack-Jolly-Seber modelling approach and a Horwitz-Thompson typeabundance estimator. The best-fit model was a 2-ageclass Brownie-Robson type model that estimated apparent annual survival for the non-transientwinter stopover ageclass at approximately 0.945 (95% confidence interval: 0.929–0.957). Apparent annual abundance of winter stopover humpbackwhales in Hervey Bay was estimated to have increased significantly over the past 21 years at ca. 13.4% per annum (95% CI 11.6–15.2). The mostrecent Hervey Bay winter stopover population (2007) was estimated to comprise ca. 6,246 post-yearlings (95% CI 5,011–7,482). This estimatedrate of population increase is similar to estimates for other surveys along the east Australian coast but significantly higher than the intrinsic rate ofincrease (rmax) estimated recently for several recovering Southern Hemisphere humpback whale stocks based on the feeding ground sampling.
Group IV humpback whales: their status from aerial and landbased surveys off Western Australia, 2005
Authors: Paxton Charles G.M. , Hedley Sharon l. , Bannister John l.
Published: October 2020

Single platform aerial line transect and land-based surveys of Southern Hemisphere Group IV humpback whales were undertaken to provide absoluteabundance estimates of animals migrating northward along the western Australian coast during June–August 2005. The aerial survey was designedto cover the whole period of northward migration but the resulting estimates from that survey alone could only, at best, provide relative abundanceestimates as it was not possible to estimate g(0), the detection probability along the trackline, from the data. Owing to logistical constraints, theland-based survey was only possible for a much shorter period (two weeks during the expected peak of the migration in mid-July). This paperproposes three methods that utilise these complementary data in different ways to attempt to obtain absolute abundance estimates. The aerial linetransect data were used to estimate relative whale density (for each day), allowing absolute abundance from the land-based survey to be estimatedfor the short period of its duration. In turn, the land-based survey allowed estimation of g(0) for the aerial survey. Absolute estimates of abundancefor the aerial survey were obtained by combining the g(0) estimate with the relative density estimates, summing over the appropriate number ofdays. The most reliable estimate of northward migrating whales passing the land station for the period of the land-based survey only was 4,700(95% CI 2,700–14,000). The most reliable estimate for the number of whales passing through the aerial survey region for the duration of that survey(55 days from June through to August) was 10,300 (95% CI 6,700–24,500). This is a conservative estimate because the duration of the aerial surveywas almost certainly shorter than the period of the migration. Extrapolation beyond the end of this survey was considered unreliable, but abundancefrom the estimated start of the migration to the end of the survey (87 days from mid-April to August) was estimated to be 12,800 (95% CI 7,500–44,600). The estimated number of whales depends crucially on the assumed migration and period of migration. Results for different migrationparameters are also presented. The point estimates of abundance, whilst higher than those from a previous survey in 1999 (when adjusted for surveyduration) are not significantly so. The peak of the whales’ distribution was found at c.90m water depth.
Study on the Synthesis and Photocatalytic Perfomance of Tube shaped Activated Carbon -TiO2 Composite Materials
Authors: Wu Zhifu
Published: October 2020

Titanium dioxide semiconductor material is one of the earliest photocatalysts with stable and reliable properties, but its quantum efficiency is relatively low. In order to improve the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide, the activated carbon tubular-titanium dioxide composite photocatalytic material was synthesized by sol-gel method with n-butyl titanate and activated carbon as main raw materials in the system of isopropyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption were used to characterize the phase, particle size and adsorption performance of the photocatalyst. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized material was tested by using rhodamine B, a simulated pollutant. The results show that rhodamine B decomposition rate can reach 100% under UV irradiation for 140 minutes. The conclusion is that the photocatalytic performance of the activated carbon tube interspersed with titanium dioxide composite was significantly improved.