bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Voyage to China and the East Indies
Authors: Osbeck Pehr , Torén Olof , Ekeberg Carl Gustaf
Published: March 2015

A student of Carl Linnaeus, Pehr Osbeck (1723–1805) was a Swedish explorer, naturalist and chaplain. He travelled to Asia in 1750–2 and brought back some six hundred specimens that were included in Linnaeus' Species Plantarum (1753). His account of his voyage was published in Swedish in 1757, in German in 1765, and here in English in 1771, edited and translated by Johann Reinhold Forster (1729–98). This two-volume work also includes letters to Linnaeus by another pupil, Olof Torén (1718–53), who also travelled to the East in the early 1750s, as well as a paper on Chinese husbandry by Carl Gustaf Ekeberg (1716–84). Ekeberg made ten trips to China and India between 1742 and 1778, becoming a captain in the Swedish East India Company. He too brought back numerous specimens for Linnaeus. Volume 2 contains the conclusion of Osbeck's account, the pieces by Torén and Ekeberg, and a catalogue of animals and plants native to China.
Contrasts
Authors: Pugin A. W.
Published: March 2015

Among the most influential figures of the Gothic Revival in nineteenth-century Britain, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812–52) distinguished himself as an architect, author and interior designer. He had crafted furniture for George IV at Windsor, but his greatest triumph was the design and fitting out of the new Palace of Westminster with Charles Barry (1795–1860) following the fire of 1834. First published in 1836, Contrasts is Pugin's most famous work, championing the medieval over the modern through satirical comparison of divergent styles. Reissued here in its substantially revised second edition of 1841, the book reflects its author's Catholicism and a developing interpretation of Gothic architecture. Along with The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture (1841), this work remains essential reading for those seeking to understand the growth of the Gothic Revival, illuminating with many illustrations the theories guiding one of Britain's most important architects.
Apollonii Pergaei quae Graece exstant cum commentariis antiquis
Authors: Apollonius of Perga  , Heiberg Johan Ludvig
Published: March 2015

The Greek astronomer and geometrician Apollonius of Perga (c.262–c.190 BCE) produced pioneering written work on conic sections in which he demonstrated mathematically the generation of curves and their fundamental properties. His innovative terminology gave us the terms 'ellipse', 'hyperbola' and 'parabola'. The Danish scholar Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1854–1928), a professor of classical philology at the University of Copenhagen, prepared important editions of works by Euclid, Archimedes and Ptolemy, among others. Published between 1891 and 1893, this two-volume work contains the definitive Greek text of the first four books of Apollonius' treatise together with a facing-page Latin translation. (The fifth, sixth and seventh books survive only in Arabic translation, while the eighth is lost entirely.) Volume 2 contains the fourth book in addition to other Greek fragments and ancient commentaries, notably that of Eutocius, as well as the editor's Latin prolegomena comparing the various manuscript sources.
Archimedis Opera Omnia
Authors: Archimedis
Published: March 2015

Published in 1880–1, this three-volume edition of the extant works of the Greek mathematician Archimedes of Syracuse (c.287–c.212 BCE) was edited by the Danish philologist and historian Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1854–1928), whose Quaestiones Archimedeae (1879) is also reissued in this series. He later discovered a medieval palimpsest containing lost works by Archimedes, which significantly expanded the canon, but the present collection was produced long before this and therefore contains the works known at the time of publication. Heiberg consulted a Florentine codex, which he painstakingly compared with other sources to produce his edition. This second volume contains On Spirals, On the Equilibrium of Planes, The Sand Reckoner, The Quadrature of the Parabola, On Floating Bodies, the Liber Assumptorum (now thought to be apocryphal), the cattle problem and fragments. The texts are given in the original Greek with parallel Latin translation, notes and introductory material.
Adaptive stochastic trajectory modelling in the chaotic advection regime
Authors: Esler J. G.
Published: March 2015

Motivated by the goal of improving and augmenting stochastic Lagrangian models of particle dispersion in turbulent flows, techniques from the theory of stochastic processes are applied to a model transport problem. The aim is to find an efficient and accurate method to calculate the total tracer transport between a source and a receptor when the flow between the two locations is weak, rendering direct stochastic Lagrangian simulation prohibitively expensive. Importance sampling methods that combine information from stochastic forward and back trajectory calculations are proposed. The unifying feature of the new methods is that they are developed using the observation that a perfect strategy should distribute trajectories in proportion to the product of the forward and adjoint solutions of the transport problem, a quantity here termed the ‘density of trajectories’ $D(\boldsymbol{x},t)$. Two such methods are applied to a ‘hard’ model problem, in which the prescribed kinematic flow is in the large-Péclet-number chaotic advection regime, and the transport problem requires simulation of a complex distribution of well-separated trajectories. The first, Milstein’s measure transformation method, involves adding an artificial velocity to the trajectory equation and simultaneously correcting for the weighting given to each particle under the new flow. It is found that, although a ‘perfect’ artificial velocity $\boldsymbol{v}^{\ast }$ exists, which is shown to distribute the trajectories according to $D$, small errors in numerical estimates of $\boldsymbol{v}^{\ast }$ cumulatively lead to difficulties with the method. A second method is Grassberger’s ‘go-with-the-winners’ branching process, where trajectories found unlikely to contribute to the net transport (losers) are periodically removed, while those expected to contribute significantly (winners) are split. The main challenge of implementation, which is finding an algorithm to select the winners and losers, is solved by a choice that explicitly forces the distribution towards a numerical estimate of $D$ generated from a previous back trajectory calculation. The result is a robust and easily implemented algorithm with typical variance up to three orders of magnitude lower than the direct approach.
LARGE CARDINALS AND LIGHTFACE DEFINABLE WELL-ORDERS, WITHOUT THE GCH
Authors: FRIEDMAN SY-DAVID , HOLY PETER , LÜCKE PHILIPP
Published: March 2015

This paper deals with the question whether the assumption that for every inaccessible cardinal κ there is a well-order of H(κ+) definable over the structure $\langle {\rm{H}}({\kappa ^ + }), \in \rangle$ by a formula without parameters is consistent with the existence of (large) large cardinals and failures of the GCH. We work under the assumption that the SCH holds at every singular fixed point of the ℶ-function and construct a class forcing that adds such a well-order at every inaccessible cardinal and preserves ZFC, all cofinalities, the continuum function, and all supercompact cardinals. Even in the absence of a proper class of inaccessible cardinals, this forcing produces a model of “V = HOD” and can therefore be used to force this axiom while preserving large cardinals and failures of the GCH. As another application, we show that we can start with a model containing an ω-superstrong cardinal κ and use this forcing to build a model in which κ is still ω-superstrong, the GCH fails at κ and there is a well-order of H(κ+) that is definable over H(κ+) without parameters. Finally, we can apply the forcing to answer a question about the definable failure of the GCH at a measurable cardinal.
EXISTENTIAL ∅-DEFINABILITY OF HENSELIAN VALUATION RINGS
Authors: FEHM ARNO
Published: March 2015

In [1], Anscombe and Koenigsmann give an existential ∅-definition of the ring of formal power series F[[t]] in its quotient field in the case where F is finite. We extend their method in several directions to give general definability results for henselian valued fields with finite or pseudo-algebraically closed residue fields.
GENERICALLY STABLE REGULAR TYPES
Authors: TANOVIĆ PREDRAG
Published: March 2015

We study nonorthogonality of symmetric, regular types and show that it preserves generic stability and is an equivalence relation on the set of all generically stable, regular types. We prove that some of the nice properties from the stable context hold in general. In the case of strongly regular types we will relate to the global Rudin–Keisler order.
SET FORCING AND STRONG CONDENSATION FORH(ω2)
Authors: WU LIUZHEN
Published: March 2015

The Axiom of Strong Condensation, first introduced by Woodin in [14], is an abstract version of the Condensation Lemma ofL. In this paper, we construct a set-sized forcing to obtain Strong Condensation forH(ω2). As an application, we show that “ZFC + Axiom of Strong Condensation +”is consistent, which answers a question in [14]. As another application, we give a partial answer to a question of Jech by proving that “ZFC + there is a supercompact cardinal + any ideal onω1which is definable overH(ω2) is not precipitous” is consistent under sufficient large cardinal assumptions.
STRUCTURE THEORY OFL(ℝ,μ) AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: TRANG NAM
Published: March 2015

In this paper, we explore the structure theory ofL(ℝ,μ) under the hypothesisL(ℝ,μ) ⊧ “AD +μis a normal fine measure on” and give some applications. First we show that “ ZFC + there existω2Woodin cardinals”1has the same consistency strength as “ AD +ω1is ℝ-supercompact”. During this process we show that ifL(ℝ,μ) ⊧ AD then in factL(ℝ,μ) ⊧ AD+. Next we prove important properties ofL(ℝ,μ) including Σ1-reflection and the uniqueness ofμinL(ℝ,μ). Then we give the computation of full HOD inL(ℝ,μ). Finally, we use Σ1-reflection and ℙmaxforcing to construct a certain ideal on(or equivalently onin this situation) that has the same consistency strength as “ZFC+ there existω2Woodin cardinals.”
COMPUTABILITY AND UNCOUNTABLE LINEAR ORDERS I: COMPUTABLE CATEGORICITY
Authors: GREENBERG NOAM , KACH ASHER M. , LEMPP STEFFEN , TURETSKY DANIEL D.
Published: March 2015

We study the computable structure theory of linear orders of size $\aleph _1 $ within the framework of admissible computability theory. In particular, we characterize which of these linear orders are computably categorical.
Pain and Surgery in England,circa1620–circa1740
Authors: Walker Katherine A.
Published: March 2015

The scholarship on the discussion and role of pain in early modern English surgery is limited. Scholars have given little consideration to how surgeons described and comprehended pain in their patients’ bodies in early modern England, including how these understandings connected to notions of the humours, nerves and sex difference. This article focuses on the attention that surgeons paid to pain in their published and manuscript casebooks and manuals available in English,circa1620–circa1740. Pain was an important component of surgery in early modern England, influencing diagnosis, treatment and technique. Surgeons portrayed a complex and multi-dimensional understanding of their patients’ bodies in pain, which was further connected to their portrayals of their professional ability.
Cullen, a Cautionary Tale
Authors: Dyde Sean
Published: March 2015

Some ideas return after the briefest of exiles: reductionism is back in vogue. Existential questions – about who we are, about our origins and future, about what is valuable – no longer require difficult soul searching, especially when straightforward answers are expected from the neurosciences. History is being rewritten with the brain as its centrepiece; the search for great men and big ideas of the past begins again. William Cullen (1710–90), whose work on neurosis was once part of the history of psychoanalysis, is now well placed to become part of such a neuro-history. This article attempts to subvert this process, by rebuilding the original meaning of neurosis through Cullen’s physiological and medical works, in comparison with his predecessor, Robert Whytt (1714–66), and illustrating this meaning using one particular neurosis: hypochondriasis. The result is a more complicated version of neurosis which, importantly, carries significant insights into the nature and practice of medicine. Moreover, this article examines how Cullen’s standing fell in the 1820s as British physicians and surgeons turned to an idea which promised to reform medicine: pathological anatomy. When these hopes faded, Cullen became a figure obsessed with the nerves. This image has survived to the present, a blank canvas onto which any theory can be projected. It also values precisely what Cullen warned against: simplistic explanations of the body and disease, and unthinking confidence in the next big idea or silver bullet. Neurosis was not simply a nervous ailment, but it is a warning against reductionism in history making.
PaleoENM: applying ecological niche modeling to the fossil record
Authors: Myers Corinne E. , Stigall Alycia L. , Lieberman Bruce S.
Published: March 2015

Ecological niche modeling (ENM) is a quantitative approach to predict species’ abiotic requirements. It is a correlative technique, requiring geographically explicit information on species occurrences and the suites of environmental conditions experienced at each occurrence point. The output of these models is a set of environmental suitability rules that can be projected geographically and through time to test biogeographic, ecologic, and evolutionary hypotheses. Although developed by biologists and used extensively in the modern, ENM is in its early stages of application to the deep-time fossil record (hence PaleoENM). In part its limited use in the fossil record thus far reflects the methodological challenge of constructing paleoenvironmental layers needed for PaleoENM analysis, whereas in the modern these layers are available from large public databases (e.g., WorldClim). This paper provides a contextual and methodological framework for appropriately applying PaleoENM, including best practices for developing species occurrence and paleoenvironmental data sets for PaleoENM analyses.
Childhood Health and Human Capital: New Evidence from Genetic Brothers in Arms
Authors: Parman John
Published: March 2015

Negative shocks to childhood health can have a lasting impact on the economic success of an individual by altering families' schooling investment decisions. This article introduces a new dataset of brothers serving in World War II and uses it to demonstrate that improvements in childhood health led to substantial increases in educational attainment in the first one-half of the twentieth century. By exploiting variation in health within families, the data show that this relationship between childhood health and educational attainment holds even after controlling for both observed and unobserved household and environmental characteristics.
The Multiplier for Federal Spending in the States During the Great Depression
Authors: Fishback Price , Kachanovskaya Valentina
Published: March 2015

To estimate the impact of federal spending on state incomes, we develop an annual panel data set between 1930 and 1940. Using panel methods we estimate that an added dollar of federal spending in the state increased state per capita income by between 40 and 96 cents. The point estimates for nonfarm grants are higher and for AAA farm grants are much smaller and negative in some cases. The spending led to increase in durable good spending on automobiles but had no positive effects on private employment.
Love in the Time of the Depression: The Effect of Economic Conditions on Marriage in the Great Depression
Authors: Hill Matthew J.
Published: March 2015

I examine the impact of the Great Depression on marriage outcomes and find that marriage rates and local economic conditions are positively correlated. Specifically, poor labor market opportunities for men negatively impact marriage. Conversely, there is some evidence that poor female labor markets actually increase marriage in the period. While the Great Depression did lower marriage rates, the effect was not long lasting: marriages were delayed, not denied. The primary long-run effect of the downturn on marriage was stability: Marriages formed in tough economic times were more likely to survive compared to matches made in more prosperous time periods.
Marketing Sovereign Promises: The English Model
Authors: COX GARY W.
Published: March 2015

The difficulty sovereign actors face in making their promises credible is widely appreciated (e.g., North and Weingast 1989; Myerson 2008). In this article, I argue that the English repeatedly usedinstitutions of monopoly brokerageto mediate trades between the sovereign (offering various promises) and subjects (offering revenues). Once set up—at different times in different markets—institutions of monopoly brokerage sparked substantial and abrupt growth in state revenues. Moreover, these revenue increases cannot be explained by changes in promise-holders’ ability to punish nonperformance, changes in the preferences of pivotal state decision makers, or changes in high constitutional structure alone.
Bird is the word – on the importance of ethical and effective scientific communication
Authors: Dupont Sam , Puncher Gregory , Calosi Piero
Published: March 2015

Back in 1963, the proto-punk band The Trashmen released the single Surfin’ bird (written by Frazier, White, Harris & Wilson Jr. and released in November 1963 by Garrett label; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZThquH5t0ow). Fifty years later and despite the obscure lyrics, the song remains iconic in western pop culture; e.g. through the recurrent appearance in the TV show Family Guy (e.g. I dream of Jesus episode, released on 5 October 2008; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WNrx2jq184). It is thought that the line ‘everybody knows that the bird is the word’ was inspired by a highly successful and catchy radio jingle released/commissioned in post prohibitionist USA by the Gallo brothers to boost the sales of their inexpensive fortified Thunderbird wine: ‘What's the word? Thunderbird’ (http://www.absurdintellectual.com/2009/06/05/everybodys-heard-that-the-bird-is-the-word-but-its-not-what-they-think/). This illustrates how a simple and catchy message can have a profound and long-lasting influence on society.
Heritable influences on behavioural problems from early childhood to mid-adolescence: evidence for genetic stability and innovation
Authors: Lewis G. J. , Plomin R.
Published: March 2015

Background

Although behavioural problems (e.g. anxiety, conduct, hyperactivity, peer problems) are known to be heritable both in early childhood and in adolescence, limited work has examined prediction across these ages, and none using a genetically informative sample.

Method

We examined, first, whether parental ratings of behavioural problems (indexed by the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire) at ages 4, 7, 9, 12, and 16 years were stable across these ages. Second, we examined the extent to which stability reflected genetic or environmental effects through multivariate quantitative genetic analysis on data from a large (n > 3000) population (UK) sample of monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

Results

Behavioural problems in early childhood (age 4 years) showed significant associations with the corresponding behavioural problem at all subsequent ages. Moreover, stable genetic influences were observed across ages, indicating that biological bases underlying behavioural problems in adolescence are underpinned by genetic influences expressed as early as age 4 years. However, genetic and environmental innovations were also observed at each age.

Conclusion

These observations indicate that genetic factors are important for understanding stable individual differences in behavioural problems across childhood and adolescence, although novel genetic influences also facilitate change in such behaviours.
Invited colloquium: Inclusivity in French second language education
Authors: Kennedy Sara
Published: March 2015

The aim of this bilingual (French/English) symposium was to inform researchers and teacher educators about the specific challenges faced by second language (L2) students and teachers in creating an inclusive L2 classroom in order to encourage plurilingual, non-English-dominant students and students with learning difficulties to succeed. In the Canadian context, French is an official language and in six of the ten provinces, school districts must provide French as a second language (L2 French) instruction in elementary and secondary schools. The remaining provinces and territories typically offer L2 French instruction in many school districts. Therefore, almost all Canadian elementary and secondary school students are faced with either the obligation or the opportunity to learn L2 French.
Unmasking Identity: Speaker Profiling for Forensic Linguistic Purposes
Authors: Schilling Natalie , Marsters Alexandria
Published: March 2015

When an anonymous speech sample is associated with a criminal matter, for example in the case of a phoned-in bomb threat or ransom demand, forensic linguistic profiling may be used to infer attributes of the speaker from his or her linguistic characteristics. In this review, we present research and case examples outlining what types of speaker characteristics are discoverable via speaker profiling by expert linguists, for example, gender, age, and region of socialization. We also consider different methods in speaker profiling, including aural-perceptual, acoustic phonetic, and automated, and briefly discuss expert versus nonexpert speaker profiling, as well as the proper role of linguistic profilers versus law enforcement and legal professionals, government agencies, and others with whom forensic linguists work. Finally, we address the problem of voice and dialect disguise, including what types of disguises criminals may effect and what methods can be used to unmask them, including human and automated. We illustrate our points by alluding, throughout the review, to various elements of a case in which we recently served as expert linguistic profilers.
Learner Identity, Learner Agency, and the Assessment of Language Proficiency: Some Reflections Prompted by theCommon European Framework of Reference for Languages
Authors: Little David , Erickson Gudrun
Published: March 2015

This article starts from the assumption that education is a process of “people shaping” designed to help learners extend and perhaps in some ways modify their identity while exploiting and developing their agency. This view is harmonious with the approach to language education that the Council of Europe has developed since the 1970s, and especially with its early commitment to learner autonomy and self-assessment. The approach adopted by theCommon European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment(CEFR) to the description of language proficiency clearly implicates the user-learner's identity and agency, which are also central to the CEFR's companion piece, the European Language Portfolio (ELP), in which self-assessment plays a key role. The article proposes that taken together, the CEFR and the ELP imply an assessment culture in which learning and assessment are reciprocally integrated. From the perspective thus established, the authors review some current trends in language assessment and their potential impact on learner identity and learner agency, focusing in turn on self-assessment, peer assessment, teacher assessment, and large-scale testing and assessment. The article concludes by arguing that although recent developments in language assessment pay significantly more attention to the learner than was previously the case, a great deal of work remains to be done to further increase the engagement of learner agency in processes of self-assessment and peer assessment and to align them with other forms of assessment.
Red and processed meat consumption and purchasing behaviours and attitudes: impacts for human health, animal welfare and environmental sustainability
Authors: Clonan Angie , Wilson Paul , Swift Judy A , Leibovici Didier G , Holdsworth Michelle
Published: March 2015

Objective

Higher intakes of red and processed meat are associated with poorer health outcomes and negative environmental impacts. Drawing upon a population survey the present paper investigates meat consumption behaviours, exploring perceived impacts for human health, animal welfare and the environment.

Design

Structured self-completion postal survey relating to red and processed meat, capturing data on attitudes, sustainable meat purchasing behaviour, red and processed meat intake, plus sociodemographic characteristics of respondents.

Setting

Urban and rural districts of Nottinghamshire, East Midlands, UK, drawn from the electoral register.

Subjects

UK adults (n 842) aged 18–91 years, 497 females and 345 males, representing a 35·6 % response rate from 2500 randomly selected residents.

Results

Women were significantly more likely (P<0·01) to consume≤1 portion of meat/d compared with men. Females and older respondents (>60 years) were more likely to hold positive attitudes towards animal welfare (P<0·01). Less than a fifth (18·4 %) of the sample agreed that the impact of climate change could be reduced by consuming less meat, dairy products and eggs. Positive attitudes towards animal welfare were associated with consuming less meat and a greater frequency of ‘higher welfare’ meat purchases.

Conclusions

Human health and animal welfare are more common motivations to avoid red and processed meat than environmental sustainability. Policy makers, nutritionists and health professionals need to increase the public’s awareness of the environmental impact of eating red and processed meat. A first step could be to ensure that dietary guidelines integrate the nutritional, animal welfare and environmental components of sustainable diets.
Shape of Stream Channels Gives Clues to Sediment Size
Authors: Palus Shannon
Published: March 2015

The shape can also reveal information on the force required to carve sediment from its bank.
Evaluation of plitidepsin in patients with primary myelofibrosis and post polycythemia vera/essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis: results of preclinical studies and a phase II clinical trial
Authors: Pardanani A , Tefferi A , Guglielmelli P , Bogani C , Bartalucci N , Rodríguez J , Extremera S , Pérez I , Alfaro V , Vannucchi A M
Published: March 2015

Previous data established that plitidepsin, a cyclic depsipeptide, exerted activity in a mouse model of myelofibrosis (MF). New preclinical experiments reported herein found that low nanomolar plitidepsin concentrations potently inhibited the proliferation of JAK2V617F-mutated cell lines and reduced colony formation by CD34+ cells of individuals with MF, at least in part through modulation of p27 levels. Cells of MF patients had significantly reduced p27 content, that were modestly increased upon plitidepsin exposure. On these premise, an exploratory phase II trial evaluated plitidepsin 5 mg/m2 3-h intravenous infusion administered on days 1 and 15 every 4 weeks (q4wk). Response rate (RR) according to the International Working Group for Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment consensus criteria was 9.1% (95% CI, 0.2–41.3%) in 11 evaluable patients during the first trial stage. The single responder achieved a red cell transfusion independence and stable disease was reported in nine additional patients (81.8%). Eight patients underwent a short-lasting improvement of splenomegaly. In conclusion, plitidepsin 5 mg/m2 3-h infusion q4wk was well tolerated but had a modest activity in patients with primary, post-polycythaemia vera or post-essential thrombocythaemia MF. Therefore, this trial was prematurely terminated and we concluded that further clinical trials with plitidepsin as single agent in MF are not warranted.
NIK is required for NF-κB-mediated induction of BAG3 upon inhibition of constitutive protein degradation pathways
Authors: Rapino F , Abhari B A , Jung M , Fulda S
Published: March 2015

Recently, we reported that induction of the co-chaperone Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is critical for recovery of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells after proteotoxic stress upon inhibition of the two constitutive protein degradation pathways, that is, the ubiquitin-proteasome system by Bortezomib and the aggresome-autophagy system by histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor ST80. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms mediating BAG3 induction under these conditions. Here, we identify nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-inducing kinase (NIK) as a key mediator of ST80/Bortezomib-stimulated NF-κB activation and transcriptional upregulation of BAG3. ST80/Bortezomib cotreatment upregulates mRNA and protein expression of NIK, which is accompanied by an initial increase in histone H3 acetylation. Importantly, NIK silencing by siRNA abolishes NF-κB activation and BAG3 induction by ST80/Bortezomib. Furthermore, ST80/Bortezomib cotreatment stimulates NF-κB transcriptional activity and upregulates NF-κB target genes. Genetic inhibition of NF-κB by overexpression of dominant-negative IκBα superrepressor (IκBα-SR) or by knockdown of p65 blocks the ST80/Bortezomib-stimulated upregulation of BAG3 mRNA and protein expression. Interestingly, inhibition of lysosomal activity by Bafilomycin A1 inhibits ST80/Bortezomib-stimulated IκBα degradation, NF-κB activation and BAG3 upregulation, indicating that IκBα is degraded via the lysosome in the presence of Bortezomib. Thus, by demonstrating a critical role of NIK in mediating NF-κB activation and BAG3 induction upon ST80/Bortezomib cotreatment, our study provides novel insights into mechanisms of resistance to proteotoxic stress in RMS.
Higher order microfibre modes for dielectric particle trapping and propulsion
Authors: Maimaiti Aili , Truong Viet Giang , Sergides Marios , Gusachenko Ivan , Nic Chormaic Síle
Published: March 2015

Optical manipulation in the vicinity of optical micro- and nanofibres has shown potential across several fields in recent years, including microparticle control and cold atom probing and trapping. To date, most work has focussed on the propagation of the fundamental mode through the fibre. However, along the maximum mode intensity axis, higher order modes have a longer evanescent field extension and larger field amplitude at the fibre waist compared to the fundamental mode, opening up new possibilities for optical manipulation and particle trapping. We demonstrate a microfibre/optical tweezers compact system for trapping and propelling dielectric particles based on the excitation of the first group of higher order modes at the fibre waist. Speed enhancement of polystyrene particle propulsion was observed for the higher order modes compared to the fundamental mode for particles ranging from 1 μm to 5 μm in diameter. The optical propelling velocity of a single, 3 μm polystyrene particle was found to be 8 times faster under the higher order mode than the fundamental mode field for a waist power of 25 mW. Experimental data are supported by theoretical calculations. This work can be extended to trapping and manipulation of laser-cooled atoms with potential for quantum networks.
Highly transparent triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting water-related energy reinforced by antireflection coating
Authors: Liang Qijie , Yan Xiaoqin , Gu Yousong , Zhang Kui , Liang Mengyuan , Lu Shengnan , Zheng Xin , Zhang Yue
Published: March 2015

Water-related energy is an inexhaustible and renewable energy resource in our environment, which has huge amount of energy and is not largely dictated by daytime and sunlight. The transparent characteristic plays a key role in practical applications for some devices designed for harvesting water-related energy. In this paper, a highly transparent triboelectric nanogenerator (T-TENG) was designed to harvest the electrostatic energy from flowing water. The instantaneous output power density of the T-TENG is 11.56 mW/m2. Moreover, with the PTFE film acting as an antireflection coating, the maximum transmittance of the fabricated T-TENG is 87.4%, which is larger than that of individual glass substrate. The T-TENG can be integrated with silicon-based solar cell, building glass and car glass, which demonstrates its potential applications for harvesting waste water energy in our living environment and on smart home system and smart car system.
Synthetic magnetoelectric coupling in a nanocomposite multiferroic
Authors: Jain P. , Wang Q. , Roldan M. , Glavic A. , Lauter V. , Urban C. , Bi Z. , Ahmed T. , Zhu J. , Varela M. , Jia Q. X. , Fitzsimmons M. R.
Published: March 2015

Given the paucity of single phase multiferroic materials (with large ferromagnetic moment), composite systems seem an attractive solution to realize magnetoelectric coupling between ferromagnetic and ferroelectric order parameters. Despite having antiferromagnetic order, BiFeO3 (BFO) has nevertheless been a key material due to excellent ferroelectric properties at room temperature. We studied a superlattice composed of 8 repetitions of 6 unit cells of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) grown on 5 unit cells of BFO. Significant net uncompensated magnetization in BFO, an insulating superlattice, is demonstrated using polarized neutron reflectometry. Remarkably, the magnetization enables magnetic field to change the dielectric properties of the superlattice, which we cite as an example of synthetic magnetoelectric coupling. Importantly, controlled creation of magnetic moment in BFO is a much needed path toward design and implementation of integrated oxide devices for next generation magnetoelectric data storage platforms.
Unified model of hyperthermia via hysteresis heating in systems of interacting magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Ruta S. , Chantrell R. , Hovorka O.
Published: March 2015

We present a general study of the frequency and magnetic field dependence of the specific heat power produced during field-driven hysteresis cycles in magnetic nanoparticles with relevance to hyperthermia applications in biomedicine. Employing a kinetic Monte-Carlo method with natural time scales allows us to go beyond the assumptions of small driving field amplitudes and negligible inter-particle interactions, which are fundamental to the applicability of the standard approach based on linear response theory. The method captures the superparamagnetic and fully hysteretic regimes and the transition between them. Our results reveal unexpected dipolar interaction-induced enhancement or suppression of the specific heat power, dependent on the intrinsic statistical properties of particles, which cannot be accounted for by the standard theory. Although the actual heating power is difficult to predict because of the effects of interactions, optimum heating is in the transition region between the superparamagnetic and fully hysteretic regimes.
Suppressing Side-Lobe Radiations of Horn Antenna by Loading Metamaterial Lens
Authors: Qi Mei Qing , Tang Wen Xuan , Ma Hui Feng , Pan Bai Cao , Tao Zui , Sun Yong Zhi , Cui Tie Jun
Published: March 2015

We propose a new approach to control the amplitude and phase distributions of electromagnetic fields over the aperture of a horn antenna. By loading a metamaterial lens inside the horn antenna, a tapered amplitude distribution of the aperture field is achieved, which can suppress the side-lobe radiations of the antenna. The metamaterial is further manipulated to achieve a flat phase distribution on the horn aperture to avoid the gain reduction that usually suffers in the conventional low-sidelobe antenna designs. A prototype of the metamaterial-loaded horn antenna is designed and fabricated. Both numerical simulations and measured results demonstrate the tapered aperture-field distribution and significant reduction of side-lobe and back-lobe radiations in the operating frequency band.
Length Dependent Thermal Conductivity Measurements Yield Phonon Mean Free Path Spectra in Nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Hang , Hua Chengyun , Ding Ding , Minnich Austin J.
Published: March 2015

Thermal conductivity measurements over variable lengths on nanostructures such as nanowires provide important information about the mean free paths (MFPs) of the phonons responsible for heat conduction. However, nearly all of these measurements have been interpreted using an average MFP even though phonons in many crystals possess a broad MFP spectrum. Here, we present a reconstruction method to obtain MFP spectra of nanostructures from variable-length thermal conductivity measurements. Using this method, we investigate recently reported length-dependent thermal conductivity measurements on SiGe alloy nanowires and suspended graphene ribbons. We find that the recent measurements on graphene imply that 70% of the heat in graphene is carried by phonons with MFPs longer than 1 micron.
Selectively detecting trace picric acid by reduced perylene bisimide with POSS substituents and their nanoaggregates
Authors: Yu Bo , Ma Jiajun , Zhang Yujuan , Zou Gang , Zhang Qijin
Published: March 2015

Reduced perylene bisimides (PBIs) with two substituents of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) are designed and synthesized for rapid and selective detection of picric acid in THF solution.
Removal and recycling of ppm levels of methylene blue from an aqueous solution with graphene oxide
Authors: Song Saijie , Ma Yufei , Shen He , Zhang Mengxin , Zhang Zhijun
Published: March 2015

Methylene blue (several ppm) could be efficiently collected and easily recycled by graphene oxide from solution via simple adsorption process.
One-pot synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted dihydrobenzofurans and benzofurans via rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular C–H insertion reaction
Authors: Ma Xueji , Wu Feifei , Yi Xiaofei , Wang Hangxiang , Chen Wanzhi
Published: March 2015

Intramolecular sp3C–H insertion of α-imino carbenoid. One pot synthesis of benzofuran derivatives.
“Decarbonization” of an imino-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand via triple benzyl migration from hafnium
Authors: Prema Dipesh , Mathota Arachchige Yohan L. N. , Murray Rex E. , Slaughter LeGrande M.
Published: March 2015

Binding of an imino-N-heterocyclic carbene to tetrabenzylhafnium triggers complete removal of the carbene carbon via three successive benzyl migrations.
Effect of substituents in the molecular and supramolecular architectures of 1-ferrocenyl-2-(aryl)thioethanones
Authors: Ferreira da Silva J. L. , Harjivan Shrika G. , Ferreira André P. , Shimizu Karina , Matilde Marques M. , Duarte M. Teresa
Published: March 2015

Relative positioning of substituents in a molecule is determinant in crystal packing of 1-ferrocenyl-2-(aryl)thioethanone derivatives displaying weak hydrogen bonding ability.
A computational and conceptual DFT study on the mechanism of hydrogen activation by novel frustrated Lewis pairs
Authors: Pérez Patricia , Yepes Diana , Jaque Pablo , Chamorro Eduardo , Domingo Luis R. , Rojas Rene S. , Toro-Labbé Alejandro
Published: March 2015

The activation of molecular hydrogen, H2, by three models of FLPs.
Spin caloritronics of blue phosphorene nanoribbons
Authors: Liu Y. S. , Zhang X. , Yang X. F. , Hong X. K. , Feng J. F. , Si M. S. , Wang X. F.
Published: March 2015

We report a first-principles study of the magnetic properties and spin caloritronics of zigzag-type blue phosphorene nanoribbons (zBPNRs).
Toward enhanced hydrogen generation from water using oxygen permeating LCF membranes
Authors: Wu Xiao-Yu , Chang Le , Uddi Mruthunjaya , Kirchen Patrick , Ghoniem Ahmed F.
Published: March 2015

Oxygen permeating La0.9Ca0.1FeO3−δ membranes significantly enhance hydrogen production rate from water thermolysis, especially when coupled with fuel oxidation.
Non-aggregated Zn(ii)octa(2,6-diphenylphenoxy) phthalocyanine as a hole transporting material for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Javier Ramos F. , Ince M. , Urbani M. , Abate Antonio , Grätzel M. , Ahmad Shahzada , Torres T. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: March 2015

A non-aggregated Zn(ii)octa(2,6-diphenylphenoxy) phthalocyanine (coded as TT80) has been used as a hole-transporting material for perovskite solar cells.
Phosphine, isocyanide, and alkyne reactivity at pentanuclear molybdenum/tungsten–iridium clusters
Authors: Simpson Peter V. , Randles Michael D. , Gupta Vivek , Fu Junhong , Moxey Graeme J. , Schwich Torsten , Morshedi Mahbod , Cifuentes Marie P. , Humphrey Mark G.
Published: March 2015

Trigonal-bipyramidal molybdenum/tungsten–iridium clusters undergo ligand substitution with isocyanides and triphenylphosphine, and react with alkynes with CC cleavage or triiridium-face-specific addition.
Highly photostable zinc selective molecular marker bearing flexible pivotal unit: opto-fluorescence enhancement effect and imaging applications in living systems
Authors: Sinha Sougata , Gaur Pankaj , Dev Sagarika , Mukherjee Trinetra , Mathew Jomon , Mukhopadhyay Subhrakanti , Ghosh Subrata
Published: March 2015

Zinc selective molecular probe with remarkable photostability is demonstrated.
B(C6F5)3 mediated arene hydrogenation/transannulation of para-methoxyanilines
Authors: Longobardi Lauren E. , Mahdi Tayseer , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: March 2015

The stoichiometric reaction of para-methoxyanilines and B(C6F5)3 under H2 results in reduction of the N-bound phenyl ring(s), and subsequent transannular ring closure with elimination of methanol, affording the respective 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives.
Strawberry as a health promoter: an evidence based review
Authors: Giampieri Francesca , Forbes-Hernandez Tamara Y. , Gasparrini Massimiliano , Alvarez-Suarez José M. , Afrin Sadia , Bompadre Stefano , Quiles Josè L. , Mezzetti Bruno , Battino Maurizio
Published: March 2015

The health effects of strawberry bioactive compounds depend on the activation and modulation of several genetic and molecular mechanisms.
Electromechanical cell lysis using a portable audio device: enabling challenging sample preparation at the point-of-care
Authors: Buser J. R. , Wollen A. , Heiniger E. K. , Byrnes S. A. , Kauffman P. C. , Ladd P. D. , Yager P.
Published: March 2015

Portable lysis of Mycobacterium marinum and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria using an mp3 player, electromagnetic coil, and magnet in a tube.
Characterization of proteins in S. cerevisiae with subcellular localizations
Authors: Yang Lei , Hao Dapeng , Wang Jizhe , Xing Xudong , Lv Yingli , Zuo Yongchun , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2015

Acquiring comprehensive knowledge of protein in various subcellular localizations is one of the fundamental goals in cell biology and proteomics.
Slow ligand-induced conformational switch increases the catalytic rate in Plasmodium falciparum hypoxanthine guanine xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase
Authors: Roy Sourav , Karmakar Tarak , S. Prahlada Rao Vasudeva , K. Nagappa Lakshmeesha , Balasubramanian Sundaram , Balaram Hemalatha
Published: March 2015

Coupled events of ligand-induced isomerization and oligomerization in catalysis by PfHGXPRT.
Copper-catalyzed stereoselective oxytrifluoromethylation of propargyl amides for the construction of oxazolines
Authors: Wang Yanan , Jiang Min , Liu Jin-Tao
Published: March 2015

Copper-catalyzed stereoselective oxytrifluoromethylation of terminal propargyl amides was investigated for the construction of oxazolines under mild conditions.
Local bond-electron-energy relaxation of Mo atomic clusters and solid skins
Authors: Zhou Wei , Bo Maolin , Wang Yan , Huang Yongli , Li Can , Sun Chang Q.
Published: March 2015

Mo(100, 110) skins and atomic clusters share the common nature of atomic undercoordination induced local bond strain and the associated quantum entrapment and valence electron polarization.
Synthesis of micro/mesoporous silica material by dual-template method as a heterogeneous catalyst support for alkylation
Authors: Zhao Shuo , He Man , Zhou Yuming , Sheng Xiaoli , Fu Xiaoqin , Zhang Yiwei
Published: March 2015

A series of micro/mesoporous composites were synthesized using non-ionic block copolymer Pluronic P123 and protic ionic liquid (triethylamine acetate) as the co-templates.
Activated clay of nest structure encapsulated sulfur cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Cao Zhaoxia , Ma Chao , Jia Yujie , Sun Zhixian , Yue Hongyun , Yin Yanhong , Yang Shuting
Published: March 2015

Activated clay (AC) with a nest-like structure and a large surface area was employed to support sulfur as the cathode for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries.
Fabrication of biomimetic patterns for high transmission and antifogging property
Authors: Xu Hongbo , Liu Lingxiao , Wu Feifei , Xu Daren , Lu Nan
Published: March 2015

A simple method was presented to increase the transmission by preparing multiscale tapered pillars on both surfaces of quartz slides.
Synthesis of 1,2-dihydro-1-oxophthalazin-4-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate and its application in the synthesis of 4-(aryl/heteroaryl/alkynyl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one
Authors: Dhage Ganesh Raosaheb , Deshmukh Santosh Rangnath , Thopate Shankar Ramchandra
Published: March 2015

Biologically significant 4-aryl/heteroaryl/alkynyl phthalazinones have been reported via the Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling reactions.
Mechanism study of Li+ insertion into titania nanotubes
Authors: Plylahan Nareerat , Demoulin Amélie , Chrystelle Lebouin Chrystelle Lebouin , Knauth Philippe , Djenizian Thierry
Published: March 2015

Li+ storage in titania nanotubes occurs in the lattice and at the surface.
Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy Versus Intensive Semantic Treatment in Fluent Aphasia
Authors: Wilssens Ineke , Vandenborre Dorien , van Dun Kim , Verhoeven Jo , Visch-Brink Evy , Mariën Peter
Published: March 2015

Objective

The authors compared the effectiveness of 2 intensive therapy methods: Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy (CIAT; Pulvermüller et al., 2001) and semantic therapy (BOX; Visch-Brink & Bajema, 2001).

Method

Nine patients with chronic fluent aphasia participated in a therapy program to establish behavioral treatment outcomes. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups (CIAT or BOX).

Results

Intensive therapy significantly improved verbal communication. However, BOX treatment showed a more pronounced improvement on two communication—namely, a standardized assessment for verbal communication, the Amsterdam Nijmegen Everyday Language Test (Blomert, Koster, & Kean, 1995), and a subjective rating scale, the Communicative Effectiveness Index (Lomas et al., 1989). All participants significantly improved on one (or more) subtests of the Aachen Aphasia Test (Graetz, de Bleser, & Willmes, 1992), an impairment-focused assessment. There was a treatment-specific effect. BOX treatment had a significant effect on language comprehension and semantics, whereas CIAT treatment affected language production and phonology.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that in patients with fluent aphasia, (a) intensive treatment has a significant effect on language and verbal communication, (b) intensive therapy results in selective treatment effects, and (c) an intensive semantic treatment shows a more striking mean improvement on verbal communication in comparison with communication-based CIAT treatment.
Single atom catalysts on amorphous supports: A quenched disorder perspective
Authors: Peters Baron , Scott Susannah L.
Published: March 2015

Phenomenological models that invoke catalyst sites with different adsorption constants and rate constants are well-established, but computational and experimental methods are just beginning to provide atomically resolved details about amorphous surfaces and their active sites. This letter develops a statistical transformation from the quenched disorder distribution of site structures to the distribution of activation energies for sites on amorphous supports. We show that the overall kinetics are highly sensitive to the precise nature of the low energy tail in the activation energy distribution. Our analysis motivates further development of systematic methods to identify and understand the most reactive members of the active site distribution.