bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood Oxygen Accumulation Distribution Area Index Is Associated With Erectile Dysfunction in Patients With Sleep Apnea—Results From a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zheng Wenzhong , Chen Xiang , Huang Jingwen , Zhang Shengxiong , chen Tao , Zhang Liu , Li Xianxin , Li Qingyun , Dai Jican
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked with erectile dysfunction (ED), but the relatively independent polysomnography (PSG) outcomes of apnea and nocturnal hypoxia may not effectively assess the physiological impairment of OSA well.

Aim

To propose a new calculation method, the blood oxygen accumulation distribution area index (BOADAI), for evaluating the association between OSA and ED.

Methods

In this study, 502 male participants with suspected OSA were enrolled. Clinical questionnaire, physical measurements, and PSG outcomes were obtained by 2 respiratory physicians. ED was assessed by a urologist using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). Whole pulse oxygen saturation curves during the sleep time were compressed into a fixed scale image, and the distribution area of oxygen saturation curves was outlined. We then calculated the value of the outlined area and normalized it by total sleep time. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression model was used for selecting the optimal variable associated with ED and model construction. The clinical net benefit of the BOADAI and its related modules was estimated and compared by decision curve analysis.

Main Outcome Measure

ED and OSA were assessed using the IIEF-5, clinical questionnaire, physical measurements, and PSG outcomes.

Results

The frequency of ED in patients with OSA was significantly greater than that in the no-OSA group. Meanwhile, the new BOADAI was negatively correlated with the IIEF-5 score (r = −0.2525, P = .0000). Moreover, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method retained BOADAI but not the other PSG parameters such as respiratory disorder index and lowest SaO2. Finally, logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, lips with cyanochroia, systemic hypertension, and BOADAI were independently associated with ED, and decision curve analysis indicated the clinical usefulness of the BOADAI module.

Conclusion

This study revealed novel evidence that OSA is a risk factor for ED. Meanwhile, the BOADAI could act as a potential clinical characteristic to evaluate ED in patients with OSA and to provide clinical treatment recommendations.
Carbon fibre with continuous pore structure set to benefit greenhouse gas separation and hydrogen production
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: January 2020

A material that has the potential to help protect the environment, by enhancing the performance of advanced gas separation membranes, is being developed by Japan's Toray Industries Inc. This article provides an insight into this new material, which is described as a porous carbon-fibre with a continuous pore structure. Looking back over the past 12 months, it also highlights further developments in membrane technology that the company has made.
Parallel rotation for negating Coriolis force effect on heat transfer
Authors: Sarja A. , Singh P. , Ekkad S.V.
Published: January 2020

Gas turbine blades feature multi-pass internal cooling channels, through which relatively colder air bled from the compressor is routed to cool internal walls. Under rotation, due to the influence of Coriolis force and centrifugal buoyancy, heat transfer at the trailing side enhances and that at the leading side reduces, for a radially outward flow. This non-uniform temperature distribution results in increased thermal stress, which is detrimental to blade life. In this study, a rotation configuration is presented which can negate the Coriolis force effect on heat and fluid flow, thereby maintaining uniform heat transfer on leading and trailing walls. A straight, smooth duct of unit aspect ratio is considered to demonstrate the concept and understand the fluid flow within the channel and its interaction with the walls. The new design is compared against the conventional rotation design. Numerical simulations under steady-state condition were carried out at a Reynolds number of 25000, where the Rotation numbers were varied as 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25. Realisable version of k-$\varepsilon$ model was used for turbulence modelling. It was observed that new rotation (parallel) configuration’s heat transfer on leading and trailing sides were near similar, and trailing side was marginally higher compared to leading side. An interesting phenomenon of secondary Coriolis effect is reported which accounts for the minor differences in heat transfer augmentation between leading and trailing walls. Due to centrifugal buoyancy, the fluid is pushed towards the radially outward wall, resulting in a counter-rotating vortex pair, which also enhances the heat transfer on leading and trailing walls when compared to stationary case.
Conflict-free en-route operations with horizontal resolution manoeuvers using a heuristic algorithm
Authors: Cecen R.K. , Cetek C.
Published: January 2020

Aircraft conflict resolution is an important part of air traffic control operations. This study presents a mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) using a space discretisation technique to deal with aircraft conflict resolutions in en-route flight operations. The purpose of space discretisation is to concentrate on only the significant points of the airspace. The model integrates the multi entry point approach with an airspeed adjustment technique in the horizontal plane. The model aims to generate conflict-free trajectories while minimising the total changes in entry points and airspeed values. A new heuristic algorithm was developed due to the complexity of the problem. The computational results demonstrated that the proposed approach resolved aircraft conflicts for 450 different traffic scenarios in less than a minute. Considerable fuel savings were achieved with no significant increase in delay or flight time compared to conventional vectoring techniques in a fixed entry point airspace structure.
Utilizing Advanced Telecommunication Strategies to Enhance the Response of Emergency Medical Services Volunteers
Authors: Dadon Ziv , Alpert Evan Avraham , Jaffe Eli
Published: January 2020

Emergency medical services (EMS) provides a critical role in the rapid treatment, stabilization, and transfer of patients in the prehospital setting. The national EMS provider for Israel has developed a robust and unique organization of volunteers with advanced telecommunication strategies to activate and direct them in order to improve these processes. The volunteers include local high school students, international college students, emergency medical technicians, on-call volunteers, motorcyclists, and Life Guardian first responders. The telecommunication strategies include pagers, push-to-talk over cellular, and sophisticated smartphone-based software applications. These are monitored and directed via a central command and control station. Such processes, both on an organizational as well as technical level, can be adapted to improve prehospital emergency care.
Complex Justice for Complex Problems: Comments on Johannsen’sA Conceptual Investigation of Justice
Authors: SMOLENSKI PHIL
Published: January 2020

Kyle Johannsen’s conceptual investigation of justice urges us to think of justice as a simple value, which is independent of the exigencies of practice. In what follows, I highlight two methodological issues as a way to raise concerns over whether Johannsen is operating with the ‘correct’ understanding of justice, and to persuade Johannsen that complex problems, such as those of social justice require understanding justice as a complex value. So, while contextualists about justice should embrace the distinction between justice and rules of regulation, justice must be more than an input in our deliberation, and instead constitutes an output.
Conceptual Disagreement about Justice: Verbal, but NotMerelyVerbal
Authors: JOHANNSEN KYLE
Published: January 2020

In this paper, I introduce the articles contained in this special issue, and I briefly explain some of the main arguments presented in my bookA Conceptual Investigation of Justice. A central claim in my book is that a verbal and yet also philosophically substantial disagreement over the word ‘justice’ lies at the heart of a number of issues in contemporary political philosophy. Over the course of introducing my book’s arguments and the commentaries in this issue, I also offer an account of what it means for a dispute to be verbal, but not merely verbal.
Precise Stiffness and Elastic Deformations of Serial–Parallel Manipulators by Considering Inertial Wrench of Moving Links
Authors: Lu Yi , Dai Zhuohong , Lu Yang
Published: January 2020

A general serial–parallel manipulator connected in series by two different parallel manipulators with linear active legs is constructed. Its precise stiffness and elastic deformations are studied systematically. Its unified precise stiffness and precise elastic deformation models are established by considering both the moving links inertial wrench and the dynamic active/constrained wrench. A 3SPR+3RPS-type serial–parallel manipulator is illustrated for solving its precise stiffness and precise elastic deformation. The derived formulae of the precise stiffness and the precise elastic deformations of the general serial–parallel manipulator are verified by the theoretical solutions of the 3SPR+3RPS serial–parallel manipulator.
A Robust Approach to Stabilization of 2-DOF Underactuated Mechanical Systems
Authors: Aminsafaee Maryam , Shafiei Mohammad Hossein
Published: January 2020

This paper studies the stabilization problem for a class of underactuated systems in the presence of unknown disturbances. Due to less number of control inputs with respect to the degrees of freedom of the system, closed-loop asymptotic stability is a challenging issue in this field. In this paper, anti-swing controllers are designed for nominal and disturbed systems. In the case of the nominal system, the proposed two-loop controller is a combination of collocated partial feedback linearization and hierarchical sliding mode control (HSMC) theories. Then, due to the importance of robustness in control of physical systems, the proposed controller is developed for underactuated mechanical systems in the presence of additive disturbances. One of the main advantages of the proposed design method is that it does not need any switching algorithm. Finally, to illustrate the performance of the proposed controllers, they are applied to two underactuated mechanical systems: a pendubot and a Furuta pendulum. In addition, the practicality of the proposed approach is also verified experimentally using a quadrotor stand.
Ontology engineering methodologies for the evolution of living and reused ontologies: status, trends, findings and recommendations
Authors: Kotis Konstantinos I. , Vouros George A. , Spiliotopoulos Dimitris
Published: January 2020

The aim of this critical review paper is threefold: (a) to provide an insight on the impact of ontology engineering methodologies (OEMs) to the evolution of living and reused ontologies, (b) to update the ontology engineering (OE) community on the status and trends in OEMs and of their use in practice and (c) to propose a set of recommendations for working ontologists to consider during the life cycle of living, evolved and reused ontologies. The work outlined in this critical review paper has been motivated by the need to address critical issues on keeping ontologies alive and evolving while these are shared in wide communities. It is argued that the engineering of ontologies must follow a well-defined methodology, addressing practical aspects that would allow (sometimes wide) communities of experts and ontologists to reach consensus on developments and keep the evolution of ontologies ‘in track’. In doing so, specific collaborative and iterative tool-supported tasks and phases within a complete and evaluated ontology life cycle are necessary. This way the engineered ontologies can be considered ‘shared, commonly agreed and continuously evolved “live” conceptualizations’ of domains of discourse. Today, in the era of Linked Data and Knowledge Graphs, it is more necessary than ever not to neglect to consider the recommendations that OEMs explicitly and implicitly introduce and their implications to the evolution of living ontologies. This paper reports on the status of OEMs, identifies trends and provides recommendations based on the findings of an analysis that concerns the impact of OEMs to the status of well-known, widely used and representative ontologies.
In the Shadow of Doubt: Expertise, Knowledge, and Systematization in Rabbinic Purity Laws
Authors: Libson Ayelet Hoffmann
Published: January 2020

This article revisits rabbinic laws of menstrual impurity by comparing them to the parallel laws of male impurity. The prevailing scholarly paradigm has examined menstrual purity laws through the lens of cultural criticism and gender analysis, demonstrating that the sages molded the legal discourse of this field to construct their own authority vis-à-vis the women they describe. By contrast, this article argues that a comparison of menstrual impurity laws with the laws of male impurities discloses substantial parallels that have not been sufficiently explored. This comparison demonstrates that the rabbis developed similar legal categories for both men and women, revealing more about their systematic legal thinking than about their gender economy. Tracing the development of both male and female impurities through rabbinic sources thus has the potential to uncover not only the gendered constructions engaged by the rabbis, but also fundamental rabbinic ideas about the body, legal knowledge, and rabbinic expertise.
Operationalizing the Disablement Process for Research on Older Adults: A Critical Review
Authors: Lane Natasha E. , Boyd Cynthia M. , Stukel Thérèse A. , Wodchis Walter P.
Published: January 2020

Self-care disability is difficulty with or dependence on others to perform activities of daily living, such as eating and dressing. Disablement is worsening self-care disability measured over time. The disablement process model (DPM) is often used to conceptualize gerontology research on self-care disability and disablement; however, no summary of variables that align with person-level DPM constructs exists. This review summarizes the results of 88 studies to identify the nature and role of variables associated with disability and disablement in older adults according to the person-level constructs (e.g., demographic characteristics, chronic pathologies) in the DPM. It also examines the evidence for cross-sectional applications of the DPM and identifies common limitations in extant literature to address in future research. Researchers can apply these results to guide theory-driven disability and disablement research using routinely collected health data from older adults.
Campylobacter outbreak associated with raw drinking milk, North West England, 2016
Authors: Kenyon J. , Inns T. , Aird H. , Swift C. , Astbury J. , Forester E. , Decraene V.
Published: January 2020

In December 2016, Public Health England investigated an outbreak of campylobacteriosis in North West England, with 69 cases in total. Epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigations associated the illness with the consumption of unpasteurised cows' milk from Farm X, where milk was predominantly sold from a vending machine. Campylobacter was detected in milk samples which, when sequenced, were identical in sequence type as pathogens isolated from cases (Clonal Complex ST-403, Sequence Type 7432). The farm was served with a Hygiene Emergency Prohibition Order to prevent further cases. To our knowledge, this is the first outbreak of campylobacter associated with unpasteurised milk in England since 1996. Our findings highlighted several important lessons, including that the current testing regime in England for unpasteurised milk is not fit for purpose and that the required warning label should include additional wording, underscoring the risk to vulnerable groups. There has been a substantial increase in both the volume of unpasteurised milk consumed in England and the use of vending machines to sell unpasteurised milk over the last 10 years, making unpasteurised milk more readily accessible to a wider population. The evidence generated from outbreaks like this is therefore critical and should be used to influence policy development.
Spectral projections correlation structure for short-to-long range dependent processes
Authors: PATIE P. , SRAPIONYAN A.
Published: January 2020

Let X = (Xt)t≥0 be a stochastic process issued from
$x \in \mathbb{R}$
that admits a marginal stationary measure v, i.e. vPtf = vf for all t ≥ 0, where
$\textbf{P}_t\,f(x)= \mathbb{E}_x[f(\textbf{X}_t)]$
. In this paper, we introduce the (resp. biorthogonal) spectral projections correlation functions which are expressed in terms of projections.” Also, update first published online date, if available. into the eigenspaces of Pt (resp. and of its adjoint in the weighted Hilbert space L2 (v)). We obtain closed-form expressions involving eigenvalues, the condition number and/or the angle between the projections in the following different situations: when X = X with X = (Xt)t ≥ 0 being a Markov process, X is the subordination of X in the sense of Bochner, and X is a non-Markovian process which is obtained by time-changing X with an inverse of a subordinator. It turns out that these spectral projections correlation functions have different expressions with respect to these classes of processes which enables to identify substantial and deep properties about their dynamics. This interesting fact can be used to design original statistical tests to make inferences, for example, about the path properties of the process (presence of jumps), distance from symmetry (self-adjoint or non-self-adjoint) and short-to-long-range dependence. To reveal the usefulness of our results, we apply them to a class of non-self-adjoint Markov semigroups studied in Patie and Savov (to appear, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., 179p), and then time-change by subordinators and their inverses.
Insignificance: On the Unobtrusiveness of Material Things
Authors: Thomas Julian
Published: January 2020

In their introduction to the discussion ofBeiläufigkeitin archaeology, Pollock, Bernbeck, Appel, Loy and Schreiber build pleasingly on the theme of what Daniel Miller refers to as the ‘humility’ of physical things (2010, 50). By this he means that objects do not determine or prescribe the actions of human beings, but mutely establish the circumstances under which we operate, conditioning our expectations of how to proceed. Things are often not conspicuously meaningful, but unobtrusive or ‘hiding in plain sight’ and bringing about unacknowledged effects (Alvis 2017, 212). This state of affairs has been recognized by both the phenomenological tradition and the more recent ‘new materialisms’, but what I want to suggest in this contribution is that these perspectives implicitly indicate that things can be ‘incidental’ in a variety of subtly different ways.
Interpreting Archaeological Evidence in the Anthropocene. Incidentality and Meaning
Authors: Olivier Laurent
Published: January 2020

The post-processual archaeology that dominated the scholarship of Anglo-American academics in the 1980s and 1990s now lies moribund, done in by an ‘ontological turn’ in the study of anthropology that began some 15 or 20 years ago.Anthroposis no longer the sole focal point; human beings no longer occupy the central place in our understanding of cultures and societies. As contemporary anthropologists have noted, human actions and ideas are not the lone contributors to the creation of a civilization's structures and objects or the development of societal forms. Other kinds of ‘life’, a variety of other non-human organisms contribute to their creation as well. They most notably include places and what we generally refer to as things: objects, constructions and materials. In effect, they include all the organic and non-organic components of the world about us. These are the ‘beings’, both animate and inanimate, that ‘make’ the world. Moreover, ‘things’ are no longer regarded as pure inert ‘objects’, only created or transformed by the will of humans or the force of their technology. The present transformations of the Anthropocene, which is producing climatic changes at a global scale, are pushing us to consider that ‘natural’ events—such as floods or hurricanes—may be the direct result of human actions and material ‘things’—such as the earth and the oceans—may be active agents of change. In other words, they are also the subjects of history.
The Rise of the Global South and the Protestant Peace with Socialism
Authors: Greenberg Udi
Published: January 2020

This article explores a major shift in European Protestant thought about socialism during the mid-twentieth century, from intense hostility to acceptance. During the twentieth century's early decades it was common for European Protestant theologians, church leaders and thinkers to condemn socialism as a threat to Christianity. Socialist ideology, many believed, was inherently secular, and its triumph would spell anarchy and violence. In the decades after the Second World War, however, this hostility began to wane, as European Protestant elites increasingly joined Christian-socialist associations and organisations. By focusing on the Protestant ecumenical movement, this article argues that one of the forces in this change was decolonisation, and in particular the rise of Christian and socialist thinkers in the Global South. It shows how concerns about Christianity's future in Asia and Africa helped some European Protestants to rethink their long-held suspicion towards state-led economic management and distribution.
From Culture to Experience: Shamanism in the Pages of the Soviet Anti-Religious Press
Authors: Quijada Justine Buck
Published: January 2020

In the 1960s a shift occured in how shamanism was represented in Soviet anti-religious journals, in which shamanism was transformed from an ethnographically documented cultural practice peculiar to Siberian indigenous populations, into an – albeit ‘primitive’ – form of a universal human capacity for altered states of consciousness and a precursor of various forms of mysticism. The article argues that this shift coincided with a shift in the Soviet atheist project, as well as a point of comparison that reveals similarities and differences between Soviet and Western modernist projects.
Didn't hear that coming: Effects of withholding phonetic cues to code-switching
Authors: Shen Alice , Gahl Susanne , Johnson Keith
Published: January 2020

Code-switching has been found to incur a processing cost in auditory comprehension. However, listeners may have access to anticipatory phonetic cues to code-switches (Piccinini & Garellek, 2014; Fricke et al., 2016), thus mitigating switch cost. We investigated effects of withholding anticipatory phonetic cues on code-switched word recognition by splicing English-to-Mandarin code-switches into unilingual English sentences. In a concept monitoring experiment, Mandarin–English bilinguals took longer to recognize code-switches, suggesting a switch cost. In an eye tracking experiment, the average proportion of all participants' looks to pictures corresponding to sentence-medial code-switches decreased when cues were withheld. Acoustic analysis of stimuli revealed tone-specific pitch contours before English-to-Mandarin code-switches, consistent with previous work on tonal coarticulation. We conclude that withholding anticipatory phonetic cues can negatively affect code-switched recognition: therefore, bilingual listeners use phonetic cues in processing code-switches under normal conditions. We discuss the implications of tonal coarticulation for mechanisms underlying phonetic cues to code-switching.
Cross-modal translation priming and iconicity effects in deaf signers and hearing learners of American Sign Language
Authors: Mott Megan , Midgley Katherine J. , Holcomb Phillip J. , Emmorey Karen
Published: January 2020

This study used ERPs to a) assess the neural correlates of cross-linguistic, cross-modal translation priming in hearing beginning learners of American Sign Language (ASL) and deaf highly proficient signers and b) examine whether sign iconicity modulates these priming effects. Hearing learners exhibited translation priming for ASL signs preceded by English words (greater negativity for unrelated than translation primes) later in the ERP waveform than deaf signers and exhibited earlier and greater priming for iconic than non-iconic signs. Iconicity did not modulate translation priming effects either behaviorally or in the ERPs for deaf signers (except in a 800–1000 ms time window). Because deaf signers showed early translation priming effects (beginning at 400ms-600ms), we suggest that iconicity did not facilitate lexical access, but deaf signers may have recognized sign iconicity later in processing. Overall, the results indicate that iconicity speeds lexical access for L2 sign language learners, but not for proficient signers.
Comparative Morphological Features of Syrinx in Male Domestic FowlGallus gallus domesticusand Male Domestic PigeonColumba livia domestica: A Histochemical, Ultrastructural, Scanning Electron Microscopic and Morphometrical Study
Authors: Ibrahim Ismail Abdel-Aziz , Hussein Marwa M. , Hamdy Amira , Abdel-Maksoud Fatma M.
Published: January 2020

Many studies have been carried out to investigate the morphological structure of the syrinx in many bird species. However, the cellular organization of the syrinx in the fowls and pigeons is still unclear. The current study revealed that in fowl and pigeon, the syrinx is formed of three main parts including tympanum (cranial) part, intermediate syringeal part, and bronchosyringeal (caudal) part, in addition to pessulus and tympaniform membranes. A great variation in the structural characteristics of syrinx of fowl and pigeon was recorded. In fowl, the tympaniform membranes showed a characteristic distribution of elastic and collagen fibers which increase the elasticity of tympaniform membranes. Moreover, the bony pessulus helps the medial tympaniform membranes to be stiffer, vibrate more strongly so that louder sound will be generated. In pigeon, the lateral tympaniform membrane is of greater thickness so that the oscillation of this membrane is reduced and the amplitude is lower. Moreover, the pessulus is smaller in size and is formed mainly of connective tissue core (devoid of cartilaginous or bony plates), resulting in the failure of stretching and vibrating of the medial tympaniform membranes, that leads to the generation of deeper sound. Electron microscopic examination of the syringes of fowls and pigeons revealed numerous immune cells including dendritic cells, plasma cells, mast cells, and lymphocytes distributed within syringeal mucosa and invading the syringeal epithelium. Telocytes were first recorded in the syrinx of fowls and pigeons in this study. They presented two long telopodes that made up frequent close contacts with other neighboring telocytes, immune cells, and blood capillaries.
Designing Client-Centred Knowledge Services
Authors: Thompson Sophie
Published: January 2020

In this article Sophie Thompson describes what design thinking is and gives practical exercises to see how design thinking can be used to give a fresh perspective on delivering knowledge services. The article is based on a parallel session delivered as a workshop at the BIALL Annual Conference 2019.
I Want to Give Up! Building Resilience and Changing Your Mind-Set
Authors: Davies Katy
Published: January 2020

This article by Katy Davies explores the subject of resilience and why it is so important. It offers suggestions on how to change your mind-set to be less phased by the challenges of everyday life at work and home. It is based on a presentation delivered at the BIALL Annual Conference in 2019.
Empirische Forschung in Lehr- Lern-Labor-Seminaren – Ein Systematic Review zu Wirkungen des Lehrformats
Authors: Rehfeldt Daniel , Klempin Christiane , Brämer Martin , Seibert David , Rogge Irina , Lücke Martin , Sambanis Michaela , Nordmeier Volkhard , Köster Hilde
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung. Das universitäre Lehrkonzept „Lehr-Lern-Labor-Seminar“ (LLLS) für Lehramtsstudierende findet derzeit eine stärkere Verbreitung in deutschen Hochschulen, etwa durch das Deutsche-Telekom-Stiftungs-Projekt „Schülerlabore als Lehr-Lern-Labore“ oder im Rahmen der Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung. Seit über 15 Jahren wird dieses Lehrkonzept stetig entwickelt und beforscht. Ziel dieses Systematic Reviews ist es, die bisherige Forschung zu der Entwicklung relevanter professioneller Kompetenzen, motivationaler Orientierungen, Einstellungen und übergreifender Fähigkeiten bei Lehramtsstudierenden durch den Besuch eines LLLS zusammenzufassen, um (1) Schlüsse über Potenziale von LLLS zu ziehen, (2) einen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu geben und (3) Desiderata aufzuzeigen. Vorangestellt sei, dass diese LLLS recht heterogen gestaltet sind. Das Publikationsauswahlverfahren selektiert solche Publikationen, die LLLS im Fokus ihrer Arbeit aufweisen, empirische Analysen von Wirkungen des LLLS-Formats untersuchen und unserer Definition eines LLLS entsprechen (N = 20). Ergebnisse des Reviews sind, dass LLLS sich im Rahmen vieler bisheriger Studien im Mittel eignen, das Professionswissen zu steigern, auch im Vergleich zu anderen Seminarformen. Dies kann über die starke Problemorientierung durch anstehende Klassenbesuche im Rahmen des LLLS-Konzepts interpretiert werden. Indes konnte im Rahmen weniger bisherig vorhandener Studien gezeigt werden, dass der Besuch eines LLLS nur mäßig Einfluss auf die Einstellungen der Studierenden zu haben scheint. Selbstregulative Merkmale und Kompetenzen, insbesondere domänenspezifische Lehrkräfte-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und reflexive Kompetenzen, scheint das LLLS-Konzept fördern zu können, Ursache hierfür kann die Reflexion erlebter Praxis in LLLS sein. Die Ergebnisse zur Steigerung von Performanz lassen auf Basis der wenigen Studien ebenfalls schlussfolgern, dass LLLS ein Format zur Steigerung unterrichtlicher Handlungsfähigkeit darstellen. Desiderata der LLLS-Forschung stellen inhaltlich die Erforschung des pädagogischen Wissenserwerbs, der Selbstkonzepte, Einstellungen und motivationaler Orientierungen dar. Methodisch mangelt es oft an starken Forschungsdesigns, Längsschnittuntersuchungen, etablierteren Testverfahren, teststärkeren Auswertungsmethoden und standort- wie fächerübergreifenden Untersuchungen zur Etablierung verallgemeinerbarer Befunde.
Anisotropy of Full and Partial Anhysteretic Remanence Across Different Rock Types: 2—Coercivity Dependence of Remanence Anisotropy
Authors: Biedermann Andrea R. , Jackson Mike , Bilardello Dario , Feinberg Joshua M.
Published: January 2020

Magnetic fabrics are powerful tools in structural geology and tectonic studies, because they provide a fast and efficient measurement of mineral alignment, which helps interpret a rock's (de)formation history. The magnetic fabric of remanence‐carrying minerals provides useful information when these grains record different deformation stages than the bulk minerals in a rock. When rocks contain several subpopulations of remanence‐carrying minerals, each of these potentially displays a distinct fabric. This can lead to complex remanence anisotropies, being a superposition of all subpopulations' individual anisotropies. Characterization of partial remanence anisotropies has been used to investigate changes in fabric with grain size. However, most studies still report one bulk remanence anisotropy tensor per sample, and it remains to be determined how commonly different populations of remanence‐carrying grains reflect different subfabrics. Based on a large sample collection including 93 specimens from different lithologies, we have investigated the coercivity dependence of anisotropy of (partial) anhysteretic remanent magnetization A(p)ARM. We find that the principal directions, degree, and shape of A(p)ARM are generally dependent on the coercivity window used to impart the anhysteretic remanent magnetizations (ARMs). Depending on the carrier minerals and their fabrics, ARM anisotropy can either increase or decrease when the ARMs are applied over larger coercivity windows. Additionally, the coercivity fraction that dominates the ARM anisotropy is not always the coercivity fraction that acquires the strongest mean ARM. This illustrates the complexity of characterizing remanence anisotropy, and highlights the importance of carefully choosing experimental parameters in A(p)ARM determination for both magnetic fabric and anisotropy correction studies.
Upper Plate Heterogeneity Along the Southern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Henrys Stuart , Eberhart‐Phillips Donna , Bassett Dan , Sutherland Rupert , Okaya David , Savage Martha , Evanzia Dominic , Stern Tim , Sato Hiroshi , Mochizuki Kimihiro , Iwasaki Takaya , Kurashimo Eiji , Seward Anya , Wech Aaron
Published: January 2020

Controlled and natural source seismic data are used to build a 3‐D P wave model for southern North Island, New Zealand, where the Pacific Plate subducts beneath the Australian Plate at a rate of ~41 mm/year. Our analysis reveals an abrupt along‐strike transition in overthrusting plate structure within Cook Strait. Contrasts in properties (Vp, Vp/Vs, and Qs) likely reflects the degree of deformation in the Australian Plate, where the Alpine‐Wairau and Awatere Faults mark the northern boundary of a terrane that has undergone >50° of clockwise vertical‐axis rotation since the early Miocene. Heterogeneity of the crustal transition is likely associated with changes in frictional and elastic properties that may impact elastic stress accumulation and inhibit southward propagation of megathrust earthquakes. Low connectivity of faults in Cook Strait is consistent with the heterogeneity we observe and may promote complex earthquake triggering by lateral stress loading during earthquakes or slow slip events.
Evolution of Supraglacial Lakes on the Larsen B Ice Shelf in the Decades Before it Collapsed
Authors: Leeson A. A. , Forster E. , Rice A. , Gourmelen N. , van Wessem J. M.
Published: January 2020

The Larsen B ice shelf collapsed in 2002 losing an area twice the size of Greater London to the sea (3,000 km2), in an event associated with widespread supraglacial lake drainage. Here we use optical and radar satellite imagery to investigate the evolution of the ice shelf's lakes in the decades preceding collapse. We find (1) that lakes spread southward in the preceding decades at a rate commensurate with meltwater saturation of the shelf surface; (2) no trend in lake size, suggesting an active supraglacial drainage network which evacuated excess water off the shelf; and (3) lakes mostly refreeze in winter but the few lakes that do drain are associated with ice breakup 2–4 years later. Given the relative scale of lake drainage and shelf breakup, however, it is not clear from our data whether lake drainage is more likely a cause, or an effect, of ice shelf collapse.
Simulations of Radiative‐Convective‐Dynamical Equilibrium
Authors: Warren Robert A. , Singh Martin S. , Jakob Christian
Published: January 2020

Small‐domain cloud‐resolving model and single‐column model simulations have historically applied one of three representations of large‐scale vertical motion,
. In simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium,
, and a balance develops between convective heating and radiative cooling. Under the weak‐temperature gradient approximation and related approaches,
is diagnosed based on the model's thermodynamic profile. Finally, for real‐case simulations,
may be prescribed as a time‐varying field derived from observations. Here, we propose one additional setup, namely, a prescribed but time‐invariant vertical motion. In this case, the atmosphere evolves toward an equilibrium state characterized by a three‐way balance between radiative and adiabatic cooling and convective heating, with the relative contribution of radiation decreasing with increasing
. We refer to this state as radiative‐convective‐dynamical equilibrium (RCDE). In this preliminary study we highlight the characteristics of the RCDE state through a suite of simulations performed with a single cloud‐resolving model and single‐column model. An appealing aspect of these simulations is the wide variety of equilibrium states achieved, ranging from dry and strongly unstable for small
to approximately moist neutral for large
. This makes RCDE a propitious framework for future model intercomparisons.
PIM kinase inhibition: co-targeted therapeutic approaches in prostate cancer
Authors: Luszczak Sabina , Kumar Christopher , Sathyadevan Vignesh Krishna , Simpson Benjamin S. , Gately Kathy A. , Whitaker Hayley C. , Heavey Susan
Published: January 2020

PIM kinases have been shown to play a role in prostate cancer development and progression, as well as in some of the hallmarks of cancer, especially proliferation and apoptosis. Their upregulation in prostate cancer has been correlated with decreased patient overall survival and therapy resistance. Initial efforts to inhibit PIM with monotherapies have been hampered by compensatory upregulation of other pathways and drug toxicity, and as such, it has been suggested that co-targeting PIM with other treatment approaches may permit lower doses and be a more viable option in the clinic. Here, we present the rationale and basis for co-targeting PIM with inhibitors of PI3K/mTOR/AKT, JAK/STAT, MYC, stemness, and RNA Polymerase I transcription, along with other therapies, including androgen deprivation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Such combined approaches could potentially be used as neoadjuvant therapies, limiting the development of resistance to treatments or sensitizing cells to other therapeutics. To determine which drugs should be combined with PIM inhibitors for each patient, it will be key to develop companion diagnostics that predict response to each co-targeted option, hopefully providing a personalized medicine pathway for subsets of prostate cancer patients in the future.
Preparation 8.5%-efficient submodule using 5%-efficient DSSCs via three-dimensional angle array and light-trapping layer
Authors: Sim Yeon Hyang , Yun Min Ju , Cha Seung I. , Lee Dong Yoon
Published: January 2020

Expanding the application area of photovoltaics to urban environments demands high efficiency under low-intensity lighting conditions, as well as omnidirectional light trapping. Dye-sensitized solar cells are of particular interest in this regard, owing to their superior electricity production in dim light; however, an improvement in dye-sensitized solar cells efficiency is required for successful implementation. We developed a light-trapping layer within the photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells and configured these cells into an angled three-dimensional (3D) array creating a submodule to improve efficiency. The light-trapping layer increases the travel distance of the light within the photoanode, thus improving electron generation by the photons of the omnidirectional incident light. The 3D angled array suppresses recombination and internal resistance losses, improving the collection efficiency by increasing the relative cell surface area with respect to the light projection area. Using the proposed configuration, we achieved a dye-sensitized solar cells submodule efficiency of 8.5% using 5%-efficient dye-sensitized solar cells with a pot-shaped light-trapping layer and a 60° angled 3D array for the submodule. Considering that there is room for further improvement, our proposed photovoltaics configuration is expected to overcome the current limitations of dye-sensitized solar cells, thus providing promising photovoltaics modules for urban environments.
Monitoring spatiotemporal changes in chaperone-mediated autophagy in vivo
Authors: Dong S. , Aguirre-Hernandez C. , Scrivo A. , Eliscovich C. , Arias E. , Bravo-Cordero J. J. , Cuervo A. M.
Published: January 2020

Autophagy malfunctioning occurs in multiple human disorders, making attractive the idea of chemically modulating it with therapeutic purposes. However, for many types of autophagy, a clear understanding of tissue-specific differences in their activity and regulation is missing because of lack of methods to monitor these processes in vivo. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective type of autophagy that until now has only been studied in vitro and not in the tissue context at single cell resolution. Here, we develop a transgenic reporter mouse that allows dynamic measurement of CMA activity in vivo using image-based procedures. We identify previously unknown spatial and temporal differences in CMA activity in multiple organs and in response to stress. We illustrate the versatility of this model for monitoring CMA in live animals, organotypic cultures and cell cultures from these mice, and provide practical examples of multiorgan response to drugs that modulate CMA.
Surface protein imputation from single cell transcriptomes by deep neural networks
Authors: Zhou Zilu , Ye Chengzhong , Wang Jingshu , Zhang Nancy R.
Published: January 2020

While single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is invaluable for studying cell populations, cell-surface proteins are often integral markers of cellular function and serve as primary targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we propose a transfer learning framework, single cell Transcriptome to Protein prediction with deep neural network (cTP-net), to impute surface protein abundances from scRNA-seq data by learning from existing single-cell multi-omic resources.
Fibrinogen induces neural stem cell differentiation into astrocytes in the subventricular zone via BMP signaling
Authors: Pous Lauriane , Deshpande Sachin S. , Nath Suvra , Mezey Szilvia , Malik Subash C. , Schildge Sebastian , Bohrer Christian , Topp Könül , Pfeifer Dietmar , Fernández-Klett Francisco , Doostkam Soroush , Galanakis Dennis K. , Taylor Verdon , Akassoglou Katerina , Schachtrup Christian
Published: January 2020

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) originating from the subventricular zone (SVZ) contribute to brain repair during CNS disease. The microenvironment within the SVZ stem cell niche controls NSPC fate. However, extracellular factors within the niche that trigger astrogliogenesis over neurogenesis during CNS disease are unclear. Here, we show that blood-derived fibrinogen is enriched in the SVZ niche following distant cortical brain injury in mice. Fibrinogen inhibited neuronal differentiation in SVZ and hippocampal NSPCs while promoting astrogenesis via activation of the BMP receptor signaling pathway. Genetic and pharmacologic depletion of fibrinogen reduced astrocyte formation within the SVZ after cortical injury, reducing the contribution of SVZ-derived reactive astrocytes to lesion scar formation. We propose that fibrinogen is a regulator of NSPC-derived astrogenesis from the SVZ niche via BMP receptor signaling pathway following injury.
Vibrational wavepacket dynamics in Fe carbene photosensitizer determined with femtosecond X-ray emission and scattering
Authors: Kunnus Kristjan , Vacher Morgane , Harlang Tobias C. B. , Kjær Kasper S. , Haldrup Kristoffer , Biasin Elisa , van Driel Tim B. , Pápai Mátyás , Chabera Pavel , Liu Yizhu , Tatsuno Hideyuki , Timm Cornelia , Källman Erik , Delcey Mickaël , Hartsock Robert W. , Reinhard Marco E. , Koroidov Sergey , Laursen Mads G. , Hansen Frederik B. , Vester Peter , Christensen Morten , Sandberg Lise , Németh Zoltán , Szemes Dorottya Sárosiné , Bajnóczi Éva , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Glownia James M. , Nelson Silke , Sikorski Marcin , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Lemke Henrik T. , Canton Sophie E. , Møller Klaus B. , Nielsen Martin M. , Vankó György , Wärnmark Kenneth , Sundström Villy , Persson Petter , Lundberg Marcus , Uhlig Jens , Gaffney Kelly J.
Published: January 2020

The non-equilibrium dynamics of electrons and nuclei govern the function of photoactive materials. Disentangling these dynamics remains a critical goal for understanding photoactive materials. Here we investigate the photoinduced dynamics of the [Fe(bmip)2]2+ photosensitizer, where bmip = 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazole-1-ylidine)-pyridine, with simultaneous femtosecond-resolution Fe Kα and Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray solution scattering (XSS). This measurement shows temporal oscillations in the XES and XSS difference signals with the same 278 fs period oscillation. These oscillations originate from an Fe-ligand stretching vibrational wavepacket on a triplet metal-centered (3MC) excited state surface. This 3MC state is populated with a 110 fs time constant by 40% of the excited molecules while the rest relax to a 3MLCT excited state. The sensitivity of the Kα XES to molecular structure results from a 0.7% average Fe-ligand bond length shift between the 1 s and 2p core-ionized states surfaces.
High-harmonic generation from spin-polarised defects in solids
Authors: Mrudul M. S. , Tancogne-Dejean Nicolas , Rubio Angel , Dixit Gopal
Published: January 2020

The generation of high-order harmonics in gases enabled to probe the attosecond electron dynamics in atoms and molecules with unprecedented resolution. Extending these techniques to solids, which were originally developed for atomic and molecular gases, requires a fundamental understanding of the physics that has been partially addressed theoretically. Here, we employ time-dependent density-functional theory to investigate how the electron dynamics resulting in high-harmonic emission in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride is affected by the presence of vacancies. We show how these realistic spin-polarised defects modify the harmonic emission and demonstrate that important differences exist between harmonics from a pristine solid and a defected solid. In particular, we found that the different spin channels are affected differently by the presence of the spin-polarised point defect. Moreover, the localisation of the wavefunction, the geometry of the defect, and the electron–electron interaction are all crucial ingredients to describe high-harmonic generation in defected solids.
Evidence for an ancient BRCA1 pathogenic variant in inherited breast cancer patients from Senegal
Authors: Ndiaye Rokhaya , Diop Jean Pascal Demba , Bourdon-Huguenin Violaine , Dem Ahmadou , Diouf Doudou , Dieng Mamadou Moustapha , Diop Pape Saloum , Kane Gueye Serigne Modou , Ba Seydi Abdoul , Dia Yacouba , Ka Sidy , Mbengue Babacar , Thiam Alassane , Sylla Niang Maguette , Gueye Papa Madieye , Faye Oumar , Lopez Sall Philomene , Cisse Aynina , Diop Papa Amadou , Sobol Hagay , Dieye Alioune
Published: January 2020

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most incriminated genes in inherited breast/ovarian cancers. Several pathogenic variants of these genes conferring genetic predisposition have been described in different populations but rarely in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to identify pathogenic variants of the BRCA genes involved in hereditary breast cancer in Senegal and to search for a founder effect. We recruited after free informed consent, 27 unrelated index cases diagnosed with breast cancer and each having a family history. Mutation screening of the genes identified a duplication of ten nucleotides c.815_824dupAGCCATGTGG, (p.Thr276Alafs) (NM_007294.3) located in exon 11 of BRCA1 gene, in 15 index cases (allelic frequency 27.7%). The pathogenic variant has been previously reported in African Americans as a founder mutation of West African origin. Haplotypes analysis of seven microsatellites surrounding the BRCA1 gene highlights a shared haplotype encompassing ~400 kb between D17S855 and D17S1325. This haplotype was not detected in none of 15 healthy controls. Estimation of the age of the pathogenic variant suggested that it occurred ~1400 years ago. Our study identified a founder pathogenic variant of BRCA1 predisposing to breast cancer and enabled the establishment of an affordable genetic test as a mean of prevention for Senegalese women at risk.