bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selbstbestimmung im Privatrecht – zur weiteren Diskussion
Authors: Boente Walter
Published: May 2023

Das Mass der Selbstbestimmung ist nach den geltenden schweizerischen Privatrechtsbestimmungen der Wille des urteilsfähigen Menschen. Zum Schutz eines urteilsunfähigen Menschen muss daher begriffsnotwendig ein anderer urteilsfähiger Mensch als dessen Stellvertreter bestimmt werden. Der Mensch selbst bzw. sein heute sogenanntes Wohl tritt in diesem System nur mittelbar hervor, beim urteilsunfähigen Menschen über das sogenannte Innenverhältnis.Vorliegend wird zur Diskussion gestellt, dieses Wohl bzw. nun ein „Selbst“ des Menschen neu als Mass privatrechtlicher Selbstbestimmung zu begreifen und so zugleich das heute zunehmend im Vordergrund stehende Innenverhältnis nach aussen zu wenden. Das Neben- bzw. Miteinander von Wille und Erklärung würde sich in einem Dreiklang von Selbst, Selbstbeurteilung und Selbstäusserung fortsetzen. Aus Repräsentation würde Präsentation, aus Stellvertretung Interpretation. Verbunden ist damit die Hoffnung, heute drängende theoretische und praktische Probleme, nicht zuletzt im Bereich des Kindes- und Erwachsenenschutzrechts, besser in den (Be-)Griff zu bekommen.
Halal Tourism Development in Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Akbar Dimas Satria  , Syauqi Imam Ahmadi  , Habibillah Hakiki
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Thailand's halal tourism strategy on Lombok Island Indonesia, and provide suggestions for improving the halal tourism industry in Lombok. Based on the research results, there are several strategies that can be implemented in Lombok, including improving the quality of halal tourism products and services, promoting halal tourism, and developing infrastructure that supports halal tourism. Therefore, collaboration between local governments, tourism industry players, and the local community is needed to implement an effective and consistent halal tourism strategy in Lombok.
The Impact of Engineering Manpower’s Innovative Behavior: Comprehending Psychological Capital as Mediator Variable
Authors:   Lincoln University College, Malaysia., Jing Li
Published: May 2023

As employees’ direct managers and work reporters, the empathetic ability and emotional support of the superior managers will have a crucial impact on employees’ emotions and behaviors. Based on the perspectives of social exchange theory, leader-member exchange theory and resource conservation theory, this this quantitative paper takes the empathy ability of managers as an independent variable, the innovative behavior of employees as a dependent variable, and psychological capital and role pressure as intermediary variables. The leader-member exchange is a moderating variable. Quantitative analysis method was used for data collection, and SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used for statistical analysis. Through descriptive statistical analysis, reliability and validity analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, etc., the conclusion is that the empathy of managers has a direct and positive impact on employee ‘innovative behavior; The empathy of managers plays an intermediary role in promoting employee ‘innovative behavior through psychological capital to some extent. Leadership-member exchange negatively regulates the positive impact of managers’ empathy on role pressure; The relationship between managers empathy and psychological capital has not been significantly regulated by role pressure on employee ‘innovative behavior. According to the research results and conclusions, some feasible suggestions are put forward for enterprises and management practitioners to provide new ideas for modern management practice. Enterprises should pay attention to the cultivation of managers’ empathy ability, thus enhancing managers’ psychological capital and enhancing employees’ willingness to innovate and managers should pay attention to proper emotional expression and try to avoid the pressure of employee ‘role.
DISCOURS INSTITUTIONNEL – DISCOURS PUBLICITAIRE: APPROCHE DÉLIMITATIVE
Authors:   Politehnica University Timişoara, Suciu Lavinia
Published: May 2023

La prémisse de notre démarche réside dans l’observation rapportée à l’existence d’une perception sur le discours institutionnel de type signature, selon laquelle il est encadré dans la sphère du discours publicitaire. En dépit de leur similarité, déterminée par le même émetteur (l’entreprise) et par la construction identique (le slogan), on considère que cette acception ne correspond pas à la réalité de la situation de communication spécifique à l’entreprise. Par conséquent on s’évertue à délimiter les deux types de discours, en procédant à une analyse comparative reposant sur les points suivants: la fonction, le but, l’orientation, la configuration, l’aspect sémantique, l’envergure temporelle
THE EFFECTS OF CIRCULAR INSERTS ON THE THERMAL AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN A HORIZONTAL PIPE EXCHANGER: A NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: YEŞİLYURT Muhammet Kaan , ADIGÜZEL Nesrin , YILDIRIM Orhan , ÇOMAKLI Ömer , AFSHARİ Faraz
Published: May 2023

The aim of the present study was to numerically investigate the effects of circular inserts placed inside a circular tube in order to evaluate the heat transfer characteristics under different operating conditions. Computational Fluid Dynamics methods were used to solve the model, which is a heat pipe with an outer diameter of 21 mm equipped with circular inserts with a distance of 20 cm. Different mass flow rates of the heat transfer fluid, including 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 g/s were examined, and the thermal behavior of the turbulators and the flow structure were investigated. R19.0 version of ANSYS Fluent software was used as the CFD program to obtain the desired results and contours. From the results, it was found that circular inserts can be used in heat pipes to produce vortices and thus improve the heat transfer.
Recent Progress in Monoecious Hemp Variety for Seed, Obtained in Romania
Authors: Popa Lorena-Diana , Buburuz Alexandra-Andreea , Trotuș Elena , Vlăduț Nicolae-Valentin , Teliban Gabriel-Ciprian , Agapie Alina Laura , Puiu Ioan , Burducea Marian , Melucă Cristina , Pintilie Paula-Lucelia , Matei Gheorghe
Published: May 2023

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multifunctional crop that can be processed to obtain many different products like food, feed, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, recyclable and compostable biomaterials, energy, while having a positive effect on the environment. As the world market for industrial hemp seeds and oil is on rise, research has been carried out in the climatic conditions of Central Moldova in order to obtain a new genotype of monoecious hemp in accordance with the requirements of the European market and beyond. Olivia is a new monoecious hemp variety for seed, created at Agricultural Research and Development Station Secuieni Neamț, being homologated in 2020. It was patented in 2021 and is registered in the Official European Catalog of Varieties. It was obtained by repeated hybridization (dioecious form Chi65 - female partner and monoecious form Z59 - male partner), isolation in space and repeated selection. This new variety is characterized by stems with a length of 2.6-3.2 m. The yield is of 9.5-11.0 tha-1 of stems and 1600-2000 kg ha-1of seed.
The Response of Runner Bean Crop to Irrigation and Fertilization
Authors: Teliban Gabriel-Ciprian , Stoleru Vasile , Bireescu Geanina , Mihalache Gabriela , Burducea Marian , Munteanu Neculai , Țopa Denis , Matei Gheorghe , Rădeanu Georgiana , Popa Lorena-Diana , Vlăduț Nicolae-Valentin
Published: May 2023

Currently there is a growing interest both in obtaining large agricultural yields in order to provide food for a growing population as well as in increasing the sustainability of production systems by improving the health of the soil. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic versus chemical fertilization versus irrigation on runner bean crop and soil health. A bi-factorial field experiment was organized in a split plot design with three replicates during two years (2019 and 2020). The first factor, irrigation, had two graduations: irrigated with 3000 m 3 ·ha-1 (Ir) and non-irrigated (Non-Ir). The second factor, fertilization, had four graduations: biosolids (1200 kg·ha-1 ) (B), chemical (360 kg·ha-1 ) (Ch), microorganism (80 kg·ha-1 ) (M) and unfertilized (Unfert). The results showed that, regarding the physiological state of the plants, both the photosynthesis and the chlorophyll content were higher at Ir x M (5.31 µmol CO2 m -2 s -2 and 45.23 SPAD units, respectively). The yield of dried beans ranged between 1476-4811 kg·ha-1 in 2019 and 1498-4727 kg·ha-1 in 2020 and was highest for Ir x Ch. Soil health status estimated by determining the dehydrogenase activity in the soil, has been improved for irrigated (Ir) and fertilized (B, M, Ch) variants.
Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on Rice Production under Water Management in Northern Iran
Authors: Roshani Shabnam , Mohassel Mohammad Hasan Rashed , Haghighi Reza Sadrabadi , Amiri Ebrahim
Published: May 2023

This research studied the effects of climate change on rice yield under irrigation by using the AquaCrop model and the various climate change scenarios for the crop years 2017 and 2018 at the research farm of the Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht. The LARS-WG6 model was employed to simulate the meteorological data obtained from Rasht Meteorological Station under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios for the 2020-2050 and 2060-2090 periods. The simulated values were assessed based on the measured values of total biomass and grain yields using the coefficient of determination (R2 ), the relative error parameters, and the normalized root mean square error (RMSEn). The calculated values of RMSEn varied from 7 to 4% for grain yield and from 3 to 7% for biomass yield at the calibration and validation stages, respectively. The results suggested that the AquaCrop model had suitable accuracy in predicting biomass and grain yields. The findings indicate that climate change decreased mean rice grain yield by 17 to 23% under the RCP4.5 scenario and by 18 to 23% under the RCP8.5 scenario for 2050 and 2090, respectively, in non-flooded irrigation management. The lowest simulated mean biomass and grain yields were obtained under irrigation at 11-day intervals in scenario RCP8.5 for the second future period (2060-2090). In general, non-flooded irrigation management had negative effects on rice grain yield under climate change. Moreover, the mean rice growing period under both RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios declined by 2090. These findings can be used for a broad spectrum of users such as farmers, agricultural engineers, and project managers in practical policymaking and making correct decisions compatible with the region in order to increase rice grain yield productivity under future climate conditions in northern Iran.
Wheat Cultivar Performance Under No-Till and Traditional Agriculture
Authors: Cizmaş George , Cociu Alexandru , Mandea Vasile , Marinciu Cristina Mihaela , Șerban Gabriela , N. Săulescu Nicolae
Published: May 2023

No-till (NT) is a component of conservation agriculture that can enhance resilience to climate change and reduce costs, soil erosion and fertility decline. Yields under NT can be improved by optimising crop management practices, including better adapted cultivars. To explore possibilities opened by identifying wheat cultivars better adapted to NT agriculture, eight cultivars were tested in parallel yield trials organized in South Romania, during six years, under NT after soybeans or maize and under Traditional agriculture. The average performance of cultivars under no-till agriculture was not significantly correlated with the performance under the traditional system, with correlation coefficients higher and close to significance between NT system after maize and traditional system (r=0.69) and even negative but non-significant between NT after soybeans and traditional system. Cultivars reacted differently to NT agriculture, the yield differences between NT and traditional system averaged over six years varying from -419 kg ha-1 to more than 1000 kg ha-1 . Years, Crop Management Systems and Cultivars (in this order of impact), as well as the interactions between Cultivars*Years, and Systems*Years, had significant effects on the variation of the yield differences between agricultural systems. These results underline the importance of yield testing under NT for appropriate recommendation of most suitable cultivars, and suggest that genetic progress in creating cultivars more adapted to conservation agriculture is possible.
Growth Rate and Body Size Mapping of Male Buffaloes during the Fattening Phase
Authors: Sampurna I. Putu , Nindhia Tjokorda Sari , Suatha I. Ketut
Published: May 2023

Background: Buffalo is an animal that really likes water. Generally, buffalo like to soak in muddy waters and swamps around the cage. This behavior appears because buffalo have very few sweat glands. Therefore, if one wants to develop buffalo farming, he/she should look for special habitats or existing buffalo breeding centers. Differences in growth rates are caused by physiological factors and functional demands. Growth in animal body size usually follows an exponential function, with the growth rate varying from one body size to another. An animal's body size that functions earlier will grow faster with a greater growth rate than an animal that functions later. Differences in the growth rate of animal body size are also influenced by the constituent components of these body parts. Body parts composed primarily of bone will develop earlier than those composed of muscle or fat. During fattening, the body size of male buffaloes will have a different growth rate, where this difference indicates the potential for body size. The body size of a buffalo with a high growth rate has relatively large growth potential, while those with a small growth rate have small growth potential, or the body part has stopped growing because it has reached its maximum point. The purpose of this study is to determine the body size growth rate of male buffaloes, which have high potential during fattening. Mapping the body size of male buffaloes during fattening aims to help breeders determine at what age the buffaloes start to be fattened and slaughtered for meat production purposes so that they are economically quite profitable.

Methodology: Data was collected using a saturated sampling technique, in which the livestock taken were all buffaloes kept by the Sumber Sari Livestock Group in Kalianget village, Seririt District, Buleleng Regency, Bali, which met the requirements in terms of their health and physical condition. The data obtained were analyzed using the power model regression analysis to determine the growth rate of the body size of the buffaloes. To map the growth rate, Biplot analysis was carried out with a Promax rotation of 90, as the variable is the estimated body size of the buffaloes based on the equation of the power regression line, and the object is the age of the male buffaloes.

Conclusion: The results showed that the fastest growth rate or the greatest potential was chest width, followed by hip width, chest depth, body length, chest circumference, and shoulder height. At the same time, the slowest part of the lowest potential was the height of the hips. The results of mapping the body size growth rate of male buffalo aged 11-74 months with biplot charts showed that their growth potential was still quite high. However, there was a tendency for male buffalo over 30 months to have a slower growth rate in body size than those under 30 months.
The impact of collateral status on cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia in subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Topcu Abdullah , Ozkul Ayca , Yilmaz Ali , Yi Ho Jun , Shin Dong Seong , Kim BumTae
Published: May 2023

Objective: Cerebral collateral circulation may affect subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) induced cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. In this study our aim was to investigate the relationship between collateral status, vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in both aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal SAH.Methods: Patients diagnosed as SAH with and without aneurysm were included and their data investigated retrospectively. After the patients diagnosed as SAH according to cerebral computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), they underwent cerebral angiography to check for cerebral aneurysm. The diagnosis of DCI was made according to the neurological examination and control CT/MRI. All the patients had their control cerebral angiography on days 7 to 10 in order to assess vasospasm and also collateral circulation. The American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) Collateral Flow Grading System was modified to measure collateral circulation.Results: A total of 59 patients data were analyzed. Patients with aneurysmal SAH had higher Fisher scores and DCI was more common. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the patients with and without DCI in terms of demographics and mortality, patients with DCI had worse collateral circulation and more severe vasospasm. These patients had higher Fisher scores and more cerebral aneurysm overall.Conclusions: According to our data, patients with higher Fisher scores, more severe vasospasm, and poor cerebral collateral circulation may experience DCI more frequently. Additionally aneurysmal SAH had higher Fisher scores and DCI was seen more common. To improve the clinical results for SAH patients, we believe that physicians should be aware of the DCI risk factors.
Dopamine in the dorsal bed nucleus of stria terminalis signals Pavlovian sign-tracking and reward violations
Authors: Gyawali Utsav , Martin David A , Sun Fangmiao , Li Yulong , Calu Donna
Published: May 2023

Midbrain and striatal dopamine signals have been extremely well characterized over the past several decades, yet novel dopamine signals and functions in reward learning and motivation continue to emerge. A similar characterization of real-time sub-second dopamine signals in areas outside of the striatum has been limited. Recent advances in fluorescent sensor technology and fiber photometry permit the measurement of dopamine binding correlates, which can divulge basic functions of dopamine signaling in non-striatal dopamine terminal regions, like the dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST). Here, we record GRABDA signals in the dBNST during a Pavlovian lever autoshaping task. We observe greater Pavlovian cue-evoked dBNST GRABDA signals in sign-tracking (ST) compared to goal-tracking/intermediate (GT/INT) rats and the magnitude of cue-evoked dBNST GRABDA signals decreases immediately following reinforcer-specific satiety. When we deliver unexpected rewards or omit expected rewards, we find that dBNST dopamine signals encode bidirectional reward prediction errors in GT/INT rats, but only positive prediction errors in ST rats. Since sign- and goal-tracking approach strategies are associated with distinct drug relapse vulnerabilities, we examined the effects of experimenter-administered fentanyl on dBNST dopamine associative encoding. Systemic fentanyl injections do not disrupt cue discrimination but generally potentiate dBNST dopamine signals. These results reveal multiple dBNST dopamine correlates of learning and motivation that depend on the Pavlovian approach strategy employed.
МАЛЫЕ ЧИНЫ ДУХОВЕНСТВА В РИМСКОЙ ЦЕРКВИ В IV – НАЧАЛЕ V в. ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ПАПСКИХ ПОСЛАНИЙ, "Средние века"
Authors: Аникьев И.И. , Фадеев И.А.
Published: May 2023

В статье поднимается вопрос о формировании и эволюции иерархии духовенства, прежде всего так называемых малых чинов в Риме в IV–V вв. На материале папских посланий рассматривается институциональное развитие малых чинов. Авторы приходят к выводу, что декреталии пап Сириция (384–399), Иннокентия I (401–417) и Зосима (417–418) отражают процесс перехода от системы независимых служений к иерархии, напоминавшей имперский cursus honorum или воинскую служебную иерархию. Однако этот процесс предстает еще незавершенным. В свою очередь, складывавшаяся иерархия малых чинов служила барьером, который разделял духовенство и мирян; оформлявшаяся система позволяла производить проверку и отбор достойных кандидатов в дьяконы, пресвитеры и епископы.
Effect of Rainfall and Temperature Variability on Green Gram Yield in Tharaka South Sub County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
Authors: Mugure Mathenge Beatrice , Kingori Gathungu Geofrey , Muriithi Dennis K.
Published: May 2023

Globally, green gram is a significant legume particularly in Arid and Semiarid Lands (ASALs), as a source of food, income, and soil enhancement. Despite this importance, green gram yield in Tharaka South Sub County is still too low at 560 kg/ha far below the crop’s estimated national potential of 1500 kg/ha and compares unfavorably with the global and national average of 730 kg/ha and 670 kg/ha, respectively. Green gram production is primarily rain-fed and variability in rainfall and temperature affects the ideal conditions favourable for the crop growth. This study aimed at quantifying the effect of rainfall and temperature variability, separately and jointly on green gram yield in Tharaka South Sub County, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya for the period 2002-2021. Secondary data on seasonal rainfall, temperature, and green gram yield was collected from the Meteorological Services and County Department of Agriculture. Data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods by use of coefficient of determination, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), correlation, and regression analysis. The study found that rainfall variability explained 30.4% of the variables affecting green gram yield. The findings of the model showed that a 1% increase in rainfall in March-April- May (MAM) season increased yield of green gram by 49.3% but no effect was observed in OND (October-November-December) season. Temperature variability explained 28.5% of the variables affecting green gram yield. Further, the model findings revealed that a 1% increase in temperature in OND season decreased yield of green gram by 48.5% and no effect was observed in MAM season. A combination of rainfall and temperature variability explained 34.2% of the variables affecting green gram yield.  The model coefficients showed that a 1% increase in rainfall and temperature during the OND season increased yield of green gram by 16.2%. In addition, it was noted that a 1% rise in temperature and rainfall during MAM season reduced the output of green gram by 13.2%. The study concluded that rainfall and temperature had an effect on green gram yield and recommended that green gram farmers need to adapt to the changing climate to lessen the effects of climate change and for sustainable green gram production.
Comprehensive Review on Origin, Distribution, Micropropagation and Agronomical Practices of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br
Authors: Abdulrazaq B. , Ragosta Summer , Vijendrakumar K. B. , Ramakrishnan Shyam
Published: May 2023

Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm.  is a medicinal crop that belongs to the Apocynaceae family and occurs throughout Asia, Africa, and Australia. This herb is used in several traditional medicine practices for a wide range of ailments, including in Ayurevda, for its potential to reduce blood glucose levels. It is used as a pharmacological ingredient, mainly for the presence of bioactive phytochemicals such as gurmarin, gymnemic acid, and gymnemasaponins, which have been shown to lower glucose levels. Gymnema sylvestre is also recognized as an important nutritional supplement for its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, gastro- and hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, and lipid-lowering properties. The main objective of this study is to have a comprehensive review of Gymnema sylvestre on origin and distribution, germplasm availability, a package of practices and post-harvest practices to increase the area under cultivation of this herb. Despite having a well-developed package of practices, this herb is rarely cultivated and nearly 80% of the required quantities are being collected from wild sources, which will lead to extinction. This study will provide an unabridged repository of references regarding the species for its effective and safe utilization as a "potential medicinal herb" for creating awareness on the use of plant-based medicine.
Indicação Geográfica da Região do Jalapão: estudo de caso da atuação do substituto processual após a concessão da indicação de procedência
Authors: Silva Fernando Melo da , Sales Marcos Augusto  Oliveira , Santos Junior Elias Lira dos , Assis Luis Paulo Castro de
Published: May 2023

A Região do Jalapão no Estado do Tocantins é tradicional pelo artesanato em capim dourado, reconhecido como Indicação de Procedência pelo Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI). Com o reconhecimento da Indicação Geográfica surge a questão da atuação do substituto processual na gestão dos direitos e interesses a ela referentes, sendo o objetivo deste artigo analisar a atuação da Associação dos Artesãos em Capim Dourado da Região do Estado de Tocantins, de modo a identificar os reflexos na proteção dos produtos do artesanato em capim dourado. Utilizou-se do método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, com procedimento de estudo de caso pautado em revisão bibliográfica e documental, cujos resultados são a verificação da ausência de controle e a defesa do artesanato em capim dourado, pela falta de representatividade e de participação dos artesãos locais na formação e gestão do substituto processual, já que sua criação decorreu de incentivo estatal que, inclusive, a situou fora da área da Região do Jalapão.
Blockchain na Agricultura: levantamento prospectivo em bases patentárias
Authors: Souza Djeimella Ferreira , Figueiredo Josiel  Maimone de , Rabêlo Olivan da Silva , Silva Fernando Selleri
Published: May 2023

As aplicabilidades do blockchain estão associadas, principalmente, à segurança de dados e à possibilidade de infinitas transações excluindo intermediários, além disso, é possível, por meio de protocolo, gerar uma rede de pagamentos de baixo custo. Essa tecnologia tem sido utilizada em diversos setores da economia e referenciada como uma aposta para o agronegócio, facilitando as transações comerciais com transparência e confiança em todos os elos da cadeia produtiva. Dessa forma, o trabalho propõe um levantamento prospectivo em bancos de patentes sobre blockchain, com intuito de evidenciar em quais rumos está o desenvolvimento dessa tecnologia no agronegócio. Para tal, foi adotado o método de levantamento prospectivo quantitativo por meio do software Orbit®. Entre os resultados encontrados, os principais países detentores das tecnologias de blockchain dentro do campo da agricultura estão a China com 33,57%, em seguida os Estados Unidos com 20,86% e o Brasil aparece no gráfico com 3,42%. Portanto, conclui-se que, apesar de ser recente, a patenteabilidade nessa área se encontra em tendência de crescimento e de difusão das aplicações na sociedade, visto que mais de 34 mil patentes ainda se encontram em fase de análise.
Psychometric Performance of a Substance Use Symptom Checklist to Help Clinicians Assess Substance Use Disorder in Primary Care
Authors: Matson Theresa E. , Hallgren Kevin A. , Lapham Gwen T. , Oliver Malia , Wang Xiaoming , Williams Emily C. , Bradley Katharine A.
Published: May 2023

Importance

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are underrecognized in primary care, where structured clinical interviews are often infeasible. A brief, standardized substance use symptom checklist could help clinicians assess SUD.

Objective

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Substance Use Symptom Checklist (hereafter symptom checklist) used in primary care among patients reporting daily cannabis use and/or other drug use as part of population-based screening and assessment.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study was conducted among adult primary care patients who completed the symptom checklist during routine care between March 1, 2015, and March 1, 2020, at an integrated health care system. Data analysis was conducted from June 1, 2021, to May 1, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The symptom checklist included 11 items corresponding to SUD criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5). Item response theory (IRT) analyses tested whether the symptom checklist was unidimensional and reflected a continuum of SUD severity and evaluated item characteristics (discrimination and severity). Differential item functioning analyses examined whether the symptom checklist performed similarly across age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Analyses were stratified by cannabis and/or other drug use.

Results

A total of 23 304 screens were included (mean [SD] age, 38.2 [5.6] years; 12 554 [53.9%] male patients; 17 439 [78.8%] White patients; 20 393 [87.5%] non-Hispanic patients). Overall, 16 140 patients reported daily cannabis use only, 4791 patients reported other drug use only, and 2373 patients reported both daily cannabis and other drug use. Among patients with daily cannabis use only, other drug use only, or both daily cannabis and other drug use, 4242 (26.3%), 1446 (30.2%), and 1229 (51.8%), respectively, endorsed 2 or more items on the symptom checklist, consistent with DSM-5 SUD. For all cannabis and drug subsamples, IRT models supported the unidimensionality of the symptom checklist, and all items discriminated between higher and lower levels of SUD severity. Differential item functioning was observed for some items across sociodemographic subgroups but did not result in meaningful change (<1 point difference) in the overall score (0-11).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, a symptom checklist, administered to primary care patients who reported daily cannabis and/or other drug use during routine screening, discriminated SUD severity as expected and performed well across subgroups. Findings support the clinical utility of the symptom checklist for standardized and more complete SUD symptom assessment to help clinicians make diagnostic and treatment decisions in primary care.
Proteolysis of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor in hepatocytes is mediated by BMP1 but not by other astacin proteases
Authors: Kellett Katherine A. B. , Fisher Kate , Aldworth Harry , Hooper Nigel M.
Published: May 2023

Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1), a member of the astacin family of zinc‐metalloproteases, proteolytically cleaves the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) within its ligand‐binding domain, reducing the binding and cellular uptake of LDL‐cholesterol. Here, we aimed to determine whether astacin proteases other than BMP1 may also cleave LDLR. Although human hepatocytes express all six astacin proteases, including the meprins and mammalian tolloid, we found through pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown that only BMP1 contributed to the cleavage of LDLR in its ligand‐binding domain. We also found that the minimum amino acid change required to render mouse LDLR susceptible to cleavage by BMP1 is mutation at the P1′ and P2 positions of the cleavage site. When expressed in cells, the resulting humanised‐mouse LDLR internalised LDL‐cholesterol. This work provides insight into the biological mechanisms regulating LDLR function.
Electroplasticity Mechanisms in hcp Materials
Authors: Herbst Sebastian , Karsten Elvira , Gerstein Gregory , Reschka Silvia , Nürnberger Florian , Zaefferer Stefan , Maier Hans Jürgen
Published: May 2023

Herein, the mechanisms of the electroplastic effect (EPE) in different hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) metals under varying loading conditions and current densities through the analysis of flow curves and microstructural changes are investigated. The investigations show a significant change in the forming behavior of the hcp materials as a result of superimposed electric current impulses. This behavior could be attributed to two effects. On the one hand, additional dislocation types are activated; on the other hand, new characteristic twin bands are formed. This is shown for all three hcp materials under investigation: Ti, Mg, and Zn. Furthermore, the hypothesis of the existence of a critical value of the current density at which a significant change in the plastic behavior occurs is verified by the experiments. The magnitude of this critical value for the analyzed hcp materials corresponds approximately to the theoretical values reported to be in the range of 1.6 to 2.0 kA mm−2. In addition to the current density, the duration of the pulses also has an influence on the EPE. Understanding the correlation between the individual activated deformation mechanisms during electric pulse treatment can be crucial for controlling the electroplastic forming processes in a systematic and targeted manner.
Thermal Response of Steel–Steel Composite Metal Foams under Small‐Scale Torch‐Fire Conditions
Authors: Amoafo-Yeboah Nigel , Rabiei Afsaneh
Published: May 2023

Steel–steel composite metal foam (S–S CMF) is a novel metal matrix composite material characterized by its high strength‐to‐weight ratio and unique mechanical and thermal properties. It is made up of hollow stainless‐steel spheres, embedded in stainless steel matrix, with 65–70% air in the structure making it effective as an insulating material. S–S CMF is being explored for use in tank cars carrying hazardous materials (HAZMATs) as a potential partial replacement for conventional carbon steel and thermal insulating material currently being used. In this study, S–S CMF material is numerically and experimentally evaluated for its thermal protection performance. Experimental studies are conducted in scaled‐down jet fire condition while numerical studies are conducted using fire dynamics simulator (FDS). Based on experimental and modeling results, as well as uncertainty studies, 13–15 mm thick S–S CMF ranging in density of about 2.5 g cc−1 tested as novel structural/insulating material meets the acceptance criterion for small‐scale simulated torch‐fire testing. Further success is anticipated in future full‐scale evaluation of 122 × 122 cm samples. The outstanding fire resistance and thermal protection of S–S CMF is attributed to the substantial volume of air trapped within the material, which correlates to its total density.
Rubber‐Like Soft Lattice Structure for Anti‐Ballooning in Fluidic Elastic Soft Robots
Authors: He Liang , Wang Sihan , Maiolino Perla
Published: May 2023

Additive manufacturing of lattice structures provides materials with enhanced strength, stiffness, and lightweight properties. While most research focuses on stiff, low‐stretch materials like metals and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, herein, the tensile behavior of soft, elastomeric lattice structures is explored. Soft‐material 3D‐printing advancements have enabled increased usage of directly printed soft robots. Traditional fluidic elastic actuators, however, face limitations due to the ballooning effect of soft polymers, causing potential explosions or leakages. To mitigate this, the study proposes using a soft lattice structure to reinforce soft inflatable robots, thereby reducing the ballooning effect and increasing design freedom. Herein, soft lattices are fabricated using Agilus30 in a Stratasys J735 printer and their behaviors under compression and stretching are compared. It is indicated in the results that lattice reinforcement maintains the soft robot's shape under higher pressure and allows tunability of stiffness with variable internal pressure. The implementation of this method in non‐convex soft robots successfully demonstrates its anti‐ballooning effect.
Coupling Uniform Pore Size And Multi‑Chemisorption Sites: Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon For Ultra‐Fast And Large Zinc Ion Storage
Authors: Peng Zhongyou , Bannov Alexander G. , Li Shulong , Huang Yuting , Tang Ling , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang
Published: May 2023

Constructing hierarchically ordered macro/meso−microporous structures of carbonaceous cathode with matchable pore size and adequate active sites is significant toward large Zn2+ storage, but remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a new perspective is reported for synthesizing phosphorus and nitrogen dual‐doped hierarchical ordered porous carbon (PN‐HOPC) by eliminating the micropore confinement effect and synchronously introducing multi‐chemisorption sites. The interconnected macropore can effectively facilitate long‐distance mass transfer, and meso−microporous wall can promote accessibility of active sites. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations identify that the P and N co‐doping markedly contributes to the reversible adsorption/desorption of zinc ions and protons. Consequently, the optimized PN‐HOPC exhibits outstanding Zn2+ storage capabilities in terms of high capacity (211.9 mAh g−1), superb energy density (169.5 Wh kg−1), and ultralong lifespan (99.3% retention after 60 000 cycles). Systematic ex situ measurements integrating with in situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) techniques elucidate that the superior electrochemical capability is ascribed to the synergistic effect of the Zn2+, H+, and SO42− co‐adsorption mechanism, as well as invertible chemical adsorption. This study not only provides new insights to design advanced carbon materials toward practical applications but also sheds lights on a deeper understanding of charge storage mechanism for zinc‐ion capacitors (ZICs).
Untangling the Fundamental Electronic Origins of Non‐Local Electron–Phonon Coupling in Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Banks Peter A. , D'Avino Gabriele , Schweicher Guillaume , Armstrong Jeff , Ruzié Christian , Chung Jong Won , Park Jeong‐Il , Sawabe Chizuru , Okamoto Toshihiro , Takeya Jun , Sirringhaus Henning , Ruggiero Michael T.
Published: May 2023

Organic semiconductors with distinct molecular properties and large carrier mobilities are constantly developed in attempt to produce highly‐efficient electronic materials. Recently, designer molecules with unique structural modifications have been expressly developed to suppress molecular motions in the solid state that arise from low‐energy phonon modes, which uniquely limit carrier mobilities through electron–phonon coupling. However, such low‐frequency vibrational dynamics often involve complex molecular dynamics, making comprehension of the underlying electronic origins of electron–phonon coupling difficult. In this study, first a mode‐resolved picture of electron–phonon coupling in a series of materials that are specifically designed to suppress detrimental vibrational effects, is generated. From this foundation, a method is developed based on the crystalline orbital Hamiltonian population (COHP) analyses to resolve the origins—down to the single atomic‐orbital scale—of surprisingly large electron–phonon coupling constants of particular vibrations, explicitly detailing the manner in which the intermolecular wavefunction overlap is perturbed. Overall, this approach provides a comprehensive explanation into the unexpected effects of less‐commonly studied molecular vibrations, revealing new aspects of molecular design that should be considered for creating improved organic semiconducting materials.
DNA‐Templated Ag@Pd Nanoclusters for NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Photothermal‐Augmented Nanocatalytic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Yan , Li Jinyan , Mu Fei , Wang Jing , Shen Chuang , Wang Hao , Huang Feng , Chen Bo , Luo Zhimin , Wang Lianhui
Published: May 2023

Developing multifunctional nanozymes with photothermal‐augmented enzyme‐like reaction dynamics in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) biowindow is of significance for nanocatalytic therapy (NCT). Herein, DNA‐templated Ag@Pd alloy nanoclusters (DNA‐Ag@Pd NCs) are prepared as a kind of novel noble‐metal alloy nanozymes by using cytosine‐rich hairpin‐shaped DNA structures as growth templates. DNA‐Ag@Pd NCs exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency (59.32%) under 1270 nm laser and photothermally augmented peroxidase‐mimicking activity with synergetic enhancement between Ag and Pd. In addition, hairpin‐shaped DNA structures on the surface of DNA‐Ag@Pd NCs endow them with good stability and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced permeability and retention effect at tumor sites. Upon intravenous injection, DNA‐Ag@Pd NCs demonstrate high‐contrast NIR‐II photoacoustic imaging‐guided efficient photothermal‐augmented NCT of gastric cancer. This work provides a strategy to synthesize versatile noble‐metal alloy nanozymes in a bioinspired way for highly efficient therapy of tumors.
Type I Photosensitization with Strong Hydroxyl Radical Generation in NIR Dye Boosted by Vigorous Intramolecular Motions for Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Lin Runfeng , Liu Junkai , Xu Weilin , Liu Zicheng , He Xiang , Zheng Canze , Kang Miaomiao , Li Xue , Zhang Zhijun , Feng Hai‐Tao , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Wang Dong , Chen Ming , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: May 2023

Development of type I photosensitizers (PSs) with strong hydroxyl radical (·OH) formation is particularly important in the anaerobic tumor treatment. On the other hand, it is challenging to obtain an efficient solid‐state intramolecular motion to promote the development of molecular machine and molecular motor. However, the relationship between them is never revealed. In this work, a pyrazine‐based near‐infrared type I PS with remarkable donor–acceptor effect is developed. Notably, the intramolecular motions are almost maximized by the combination of intramolecular and intermolecular engineering to simultaneously introduce the unlimited bond stretching vibration and boost the group rotation. The photothermal conversion caused by the intramolecular motions is realized with efficiency as high as 86.8%. The D–A conformation of PS can also induce a very small singlet‐triplet splitting of 0.07 eV, which is crucial to promote the intersystem crossing for the triplet sensitization. Interestingly, its photosensitization is closely related to the intramolecular motions, and a vigorous motion may give rise to a strong ·OH generation. In view of its excellent photosensitization and photothermal behavior, the biocompatible PS exhibits a superior imaging‐guided cancer synergistic therapy. This work stimulates the development of advanced PS for the biomedical application and solid‐state intramolecular motions.
In Situ Exfoliation Method of Large‐Area 2D Materials
Authors: Grubišić‐Čabo Antonija , Michiardi Matteo , Sanders Charlotte E. , Bianchi Marco , Curcio Davide , Phuyal Dibya , Berntsen Magnus H. , Guo Qinda , Dendzik Maciej
Published: May 2023

2D materials provide a rich platform to study novel physical phenomena arising from quantum confinement of charge carriers. Many of these phenomena are discovered by surface sensitive techniques, such as photoemission spectroscopy, that work in ultra‐high vacuum (UHV). Success in experimental studies of 2D materials, however, inherently relies on producing adsorbate‐free, large‐area, high‐quality samples. The method that yields 2D materials of highest quality is mechanical exfoliation from bulk‐grown samples. However, as this technique is traditionally performed in a dedicated environment, the transfer of samples into vacuum requires surface cleaning that might diminish the quality of the samples. In this article, a simple method for in situ exfoliation directly in UHV is reported, which yields large‐area, single‐layered films. Multiple metallic and semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides are exfoliated in situ onto Au, Ag, and Ge. The exfoliated flakes are found to be of sub‐millimeter size with excellent crystallinity and purity, as supported by angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and low‐energy electron diffraction. The approach is well‐suited for air‐sensitive 2D materials, enabling the study of a new suite of electronic properties. In addition, the exfoliation of surface alloys and the possibility of controlling the substrate‐2D material twist angle is demonstrated.
High‐Performing All‐Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Batteries Enabled by the Presodiation of Hard Carbon
Authors: Oh Jin An Sam , Deysher Grayson , Ridley Phillip , Chen Yu‐Ting , Cheng Diyi , Cronk Ashley , Ham So‐Yeon , Tan Darren H.S. , Jang Jihyun , Nguyen Long Hoang Bao , Meng Ying Shirley
Published: May 2023

All‐solid‐state sodium ion batteries (AS3iBs) are highly sought after for stationary energy storage systems due to their suitable safety and stability over a wide temperature range. Hard carbon (HC), which is low cost, exhibits a low redox potential, and a high capacity, is integral to achieve a practical large‐scale sodium‐ion battery. However, the energy density of the battery utilizing this anode material is hampered by its low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Herein, two strategies, namely i) additional pyrolysis and ii) presodiation by thermal decomposition of NaBH4, are explored to improve the ICE of pristine HC. Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical characterizations elucidate that the thermal treatment increases the Csp2 content in the HC structure, while the presodiation supplies the sodium to occupy the intrinsic irreversible sites. Consequently, presodiated HC exhibits an outstanding ICE (>99%) compared to the thermally treated (90%) or pristine HC (83%) in half‐cell configurations. More importantly, AS3iB using presodiated HC and NaCrO2 as the anode and cathode, respectively, exhibits a high ICE of 92% and an initial discharge energy density of .
The Operation Dependence of C − N Fatigue for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Chunguang , Zou Qingrong , Wen Jici , Liu Jin , Notten Peter H. L. , Wei Yujie
Published: May 2023

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) fatigue in repeated service, and their cycle‐life, in resemblance to most materials subject to cyclic loading, scatters over a broad range. The dependence of critical fatigue parameters on ambient temperature and charging or discharging rate, along with the scattering nature of cycle‐life is of practical significance. Through large‐scale experimental investigations, it is shown how both temperatures and charging‐discharging rates may influence critical parameters in the C − N fatigue dependence for LIBs. The cycle‐life N of a battery subject to an average charging rate C follows C = c0 (T)Nb(D), where c0 varies with temperature T and b is a function of the discharging rate D. It is further shown that the cycle‐life of LIBs follows a lognormal distribution. The revealed cycle‐life distribution of LIBs and their fatigue law enable the construction of a probabilistic C − N model, which can be used to quantify the fatigue failure probability in LIBs. Results reported here are of compelling importance for the life‐span evaluation and safety design of large‐scale battery packing in electric vehicles and energy storage where tens of hundreds of batteries working in concert is desired.
Resonance Interaction Energy in κ‐Minkowski Spacetime
Authors: Xu Jinyu , Hu Jiawei , Yu Hongwei
Published: May 2023

If gravity is quantized, one of the consequences may be that the spacetime coordinates are quantized and become noncommutative. The κ‐Minkowski spacetime is such kind of noncommutative spacetime. In this paper, the resonance interaction energy of a two‐atom system coupled with a fluctuating vacuum scalar field in the κ‐Minkowski spacetime is studied. It is found that the resonance interaction energy is dependent on the interatomic separation, the transition wavelength of the atoms, and the spacetime non‐commutativity. When the interatomic separation is small compared with a characteristic length determined by the spacetime non‐commutativity parameter and the transition wavelength, the resonance interaction energy is that in the Minkowski spacetime plus a correction due to the spacetime non‐commutativity. When the interatomic separation is comparable to or larger than the characteristic length, the resonance interaction energy cannot be organized in the form of a Minkowski term plus a correction, which indicates that the long‐range behavior of the vacuum in the κ‐Minkowski spacetime is fundamentally different from that in the Minkowski spacetime.