bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Nonlinear Systems: Volterra Series Simplification
Authors: Novák A.
Published: March 2021

Traditional measurement of multimedia systems, e.g. linear impulse response and transfer function, are sufficient but not faultless. For these methods the pure linear system is considered and nonlinearities, which are usually included in real systems, are disregarded. One of the ways to describe and analyze a nonlinear system is by using Volterra Series representation. However, this representation uses an enormous number of coefficients. In this work a simplification of this method is proposed and an experiment with an audio amplifier is shown.
Analysis of Mismatched First Order A Priori Information in Iterative Source-Channel Decoding
Authors: Schotsch B. , Vary P. , Clevorn T.
Published: March 2021

Due to complexity and delay constraints a usually significant amount of residual redundancy remains in the source samples after source coding. This residual redundancy can be exploited by iterative source-channel decoding for error concealment and quality improvements. One key design issue in joint source-channel (de-)coding is the index assignment. Besides conventional index assignments optimized index assignments have been developed, e.g., considering zeroth or first order a priori information of the source samples. However, in real-world scenarios it is unlikely that the amount of residual redundancy is constant over time and thus it may occur that the just deployed index assignment is suboptimal at times when the residual redundancy differs too much from the amount that it is optimized for. In this paper the performance of optimized index assignments is examined that consider first order a priori knowledge under such suboptimal conditions.
Automated Classification of Analysis- and Reference Cells for Cancer Diagnostics in Microscopic Images of Epithelial Cells from the Oral Mucosa
Authors: Schneider T. E.
Published: March 2021

To get the best possible chance of healing, cancer has to be detected as early as possible. As cancer starts within a single cell, cytopathological methods offer the possibility of early detection. One such method is standardized DNA image cytometry. For this, the diagnostically relevant cells have to be found within each specimen, which is currently performed manually. Since this is a time-consuming process, a preselection of diagnostically relevant cells has to be performed automatically. For specimens of the oral mucosa this involves distinguishing between undoubted healthy epithelial cells and possibly cancerous epithelial cells. Based on cell images from a brightfield light microscope, a set of morphological and textural features was implemented. To identify highly distinctive feature subsets the sequential forward floating search method is used. For these feature sets k-nearest neighbor and fuzzy k-nearest neighbor classifiers as well as support vector machines were trained. On a validation set of  cells it could be shown that normal and possibly cancerous cells can be distinguished at overall rates above 95.5 % for different classifiers, enabling us to choose the support vector machine with a set of two features only as the classifier with the lowest computational costs.
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation and Real Options
Authors: Havlíček L.
Published: March 2021

The first part of this paper describes the nuclear fuel cycle. It is divided into three parts. The first part, called Front-End, covers all activities connected with fuel procurement and fabrication. The middle part of the cycle includes fuel reload design activities and the operation of the fuel in the reactor. Back-End comprises all activities ensuring safe separation of spent fuel and radioactive waste from the environment. The individual stages of the fuel cycle are strongly interrelated. Overall economic optimization is very difficult. Generally, NPV is used for an economic evaluation in the nuclear fuel cycle. However the high volatility of uranium prices in the Front-End, and the large uncertainty of both economic and technical parameters in the Back-End, make the use of NPV difficult. The real option method is able to evaluate the value added by flexibility of decision making by a company under conditions of uncertainty. The possibility of applying this method to the nuclear fuel cycle evaluation is studied.
Design and Validation of a Probe for Spatially and Temporally Resolved Measurements of Vorticity and Strain Rates in Compressible Turbulence Interactions
Authors: Xanthos S. , Gong M. , Andreopoulos Y.
Published: March 2021

A custom-made hot-wire vorticity probe was designed and developed capable of measuring the time-dependent highly fluctuating three dimensional velocity and vorticity vectors, and associated total temperature, in non-isothermal and inhomogeneous flows with reasonable spatial and temporal resolution. These measurements allowed computation of the vorticity stretching/tilting terms, vorticity generation through dilatation terms, full dissipation rate of the kinetic energy term and full rate-of-strain tensor. The probe has been validated experimentally in low-speed boundary layers and used in the CCNY Shock Tube Research Facility, where interactions of planar expansion waves or shock waves with homogeneous and isotropic turbulence have been investigated at several Reynolds numbers.
2 loop Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Fuel Flow Controller Design for Air to Air Ducted Ramjet Rocket
Authors: Srivastava Srikant , Dwivedi P.N. , Kumar D.M. Vinod
Published: March 2021

Fuel Flow controller based ramjet propulsion system have a flexibility to change rocket velocity depending on guidance requirement by controlling the fuel flow rate as a function of atmospheric conditions like altitude, Mach no. and angle of attack. In this paper, Design objectives & requirements of fuel flow controller have been brought out from guidance loop for air-to-air target engagement. 2-loop non-linear dynamic inversion (DI) based controller design has been proposed to track the commanded thrust and to meet the time constant requirement as a function of altitude, Mach no. and angle of attack. The outer thrust loop is to control commanded thrust and to generate the demand for gas generator pressure loop and inner pressure loop is to meet outer loop demand by controlling throttle valve area. The engine state space plant model has been adapted with improvement of existing model. Throttle valve actuator specifications requirement are also brought out.
Investigation of the Effect of Ski Jump on the Flow Dynamics around Generic Aircraft Carrier
Authors: Thakur Rahul , Kumar K. Vignesh
Published: March 2021

The landing operation on an aircraft carrier is a complicated and risky process. Unlike land-based operations, the landing area available on carriers is in continuous motion in all the six degrees of freedom. The ski jump, flight deck, hull, and superstructure of the carrier interact with the oncoming wind’s flow-field which creates a turbulent airflow behind the carrier. This ‘burble effect’ is very dangerous and has caused various mishaps in the past. To complement the work being undertaken at IIT Delhi to study the flow dynamics in the carrier environment, the present study investigates the effect of ski jump and superstructure on the flow around the generic aircraft carrier (GAC). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies are undertaken to simulate the airwake and establish a baseline with the ski jump. Subsequently, further studies are carried out to analyse the sensitivity of the wake to changes in carrier geometry. The introduction of the ski generates a major proportion of turbulence encountered in the aft by the approaching pilot. This is reduced significantly by optimising ski jump geometry in various ways.
Hematite Suspension based Absorbent Pad Inclined Slider Influenced by Slip and Squeeze Velocity with Altering Film Ratio
Authors: Ram Paras , Kumar Anil
Published: March 2021

The effects of various entities like slip and squeeze velocities, inlet-outlet film ratio, and the material parameter have been fairly explored in a hematite suspension based absorbent (porous) pad inclined slider. Mathematical expressions for pressure, load capacity (lifting force), friction, friction coefficient, and position of centre of pressure (COP) in terms of the above physical parameters have been acquired. Jenkins model has been employed as a mathematical set of governing equations. It has been found that an increase in the squeeze velocity has enhanced the load capacity and diminished the friction coefficient whereas the escalating values of slip velocity and material properties have reversed the trends. Besides, the optimum value of the inlet-outlet film ratio for maximum load capacity has reduced with a rise in the squeeze velocity. Improvement in material parameters shifted the position of COP slightly towards the inlet while an enhancement in the squeeze velocity and film ratio shifted the same slightly towards the outlet. The results acquired in the present paper will be helpful in designing and modifying the various types of fluid dynamic slider bearings.
Crack Tip Radius Effect on Fatigue Crack Growth and Near Tip Fields in Plastically Compressible Materials
Authors: Singh S. , Khan D.
Published: March 2021

Motivated by the prospective uses of plastically compressible materials such as, metallic and polymeric foams, transformation toughened ceramics, toughened structural polymers etc., the present authors investigate the crack-tip radius effect on fatigue crack growth (FCG) of a mode I crack and near-tip stress-strain fields in such plastically compressible solids. These plastically compressible materials have been characterised by elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equations. Simulations are conducted for plane strain geometry with two different hardness functions: one is bilinear hardening and the other one is hardening-softening-hardening. It has been observed that plastic compressibility as well as strain softening lead to significant deviation in the amount of crack growth. It has further been revealed that the nature of FCG is appreciably affected by initial crack-tip radius. Even though it may look from outside that the increase in tip radius will lead to decrease in FCG, but the nature of FCG variation with respect to tip radius is found to be a combined effect of tip radius, plastic compressibility and work or strain softening etc.
Земельные выборы в Рейнланд-Пфальце и Баден- Вюртемберге как индикаторы партийно-политических тенденций в Германии
Authors: Belov Vladislav
Published: March 2021

14 марта состоялись выборы в ландтаги Рейнланд-Пфальца и Баден-Вюртемберга, ставшие первыми в выборном марафоне Германии в 2021 году. Их итоги позволяют оценить электоральные настроения за полгода до выборов бундестага нового созыва, а также возможные партийные коалиционные союзы на федеральном уровне. В записке анализируются результаты прошедшего в указанных землях голосования в контексте их значения для партийно-политических процессов в ФРГ.
Neuronal Network Excitability in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Puzzle of Similar versus Divergent Roles of Amyloid β and Tau
Authors: Kazim Syed Faraz , Seo Joon Ho , Bianchi Riccardo , Larson Chloe S. , Sharma Abhijeet , Wong Robert K. S. , Gorbachev Kirill Y. , Pereira Ana C.
Published: March 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder that commonly causes dementia in the elderly. Recent evidence indicates that network abnormalities, including hypersynchrony, altered oscillatory rhythmic activity, interneuron dysfunction, and synaptic depression, may be key mediators of cognitive decline in AD. In this review, we discuss characteristics of neuronal network excitability in AD, and the role of Aβ and tau in the induction of network hyperexcitability. Many patients harboring genetic mutations that lead to increased Aβ production suffer from seizures and epilepsy before the development of plaques. Similarly, pathologic accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau has been associated with hyperexcitability in the hippocampus. We present common and divergent roles of tau and Aβ on neuronal hyperexcitability in AD, and hypotheses that could serve as a template for future experiments.
Can public universities play a role in fostering seed sovereignty?
Authors: Lyon Alexandra , Friedmann Harriet , Wittman Hannah
Published: March 2021

Across Canada and the United States, public universities were founded with a mission to contribute to broad societal well-being. Yet, the capacity of public research institutions to develop and disseminate flexible and accessible tools for resilient agriculture has been challenged in recent decades. The role of universities in advancing extractive, rather than regenerative, economies has been amplified by the privatization of public agricultural research and extension of knowledge to farmers, particularly in plant breeding and plant genetics. In this article, we examine the history of public research for seed systems in North America through a “seed regimes” framework, arguing that a narrow focus on commercialization of public research has exacerbated inequalities inherent in the founding structure of public agricultural research, including the displacement of Indigenous land and seed relations. We then discuss how community organizations are challenging the enclosure of seed through seed sovereignty organizing and freelance plant breeding, in some cases through the development of community–university partnerships based on the principles of the cocreation of knowledge. We conclude by offering a reimagined public seed research agenda that focuses on strengthening links between public research and grassroots seed movements, as an opportunity to build more resilient seed and food systems.
Jak Niemcy obniżają koszty pracy? Efekty dystrybucyjne
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Ząbkowicz Anna
Published: March 2021

Purpose – Germany is successful in preserving cost advantage internationally while sustaining relatively high total labour costs. This proposal to explain the paradox does not rely on a purely economic analysis of wage costs but considers also non-wage costs which social security system implies but which can also be moderated by a systemic change. Research method – The analysis relies on separating economic sectors (part one) and on identifying particular parties within the social security system (part two). It aims at specific distributive effects. Results – The inter-sector and inter-regional inputs measured by wage costs explain how unit labour costs on average have been pressed down. Namely, competitive industries are able to stimulate their employees by rising wages, and to neutralize the wage-cost increases simultaneously by capturing inputs both from other sectors of national economy as well as from abroad. Accordingly, the „exposed” industries seem to be privileged by the policy of pension reforms which protect employers from continuous growth of non-wage costs shifting the burden of contribution to old-age security onto employees and state budget. Thus, the findings go further than Dustmann et al. who served as inspiration for this analysis of distributive effects.
Międzynarodowe waluty safe haven – bezpieczna przystań w czasie kryzysu
Authors:   Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Humanistyczny im. Kazimierza Pułaskiego w Radomiu, Pszczółka Ireneusz
Published: March 2021

Purpose – The aim is to assess the importance of the most significant international currencies as safe haven currencies in the context of their position in the global economy in the light of the worldwide literature. Research method – The basic research methods used in the article are the study of world literature and the analysis of statistical data delivered by the European Central Bank and the Bank for International Settlements. Results – It is widely believed that the most important international currencies, the US dollar, the euro and the yen, also act as a safe haven. The conclusions from the analysis show that not all international currencies are equally considered as a safe haven. The most important safe haven currencies are the Swiss franc, the yen, the US dollar and, to a lesser extent, the euro. Performing the function of an international currency by the domestic currency predisposes it to be a safe haven, but this does not mean that it cannot be a currency that does not belong to the group of the most important international currencies. Implications /recommendations – The analysis of the significance of international currencies used as a safe haven in times of financial and economic crises, presented in the article, shows the importance of the problem and implies the need to undertake further research into this issue in the context of the benefits of using safe haven currencies by investors operating in the global economy.
Potyczki metodologiczne Gunnara Myrdala
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Rogowska Beata
Published: March 2021

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to show the methodological approach in the works of Gunnar Myrdal, with particular emphasis on the publication of The Political Element in the Development of Economic Theory [Myrdal, 2017] – a leading theoretical and methodological work, as well as including the main methodological divisions in economics and the evolution of the Myrdal`s concept in the analysed substantive scope. Research method – In the article uses the descriptive and comparative analyses were used. Results – Myrdal reinforced the arguments of heterodox economists in the context of the symbolic `fight for recognition` of the methodology of mainstream critics. He developed a pragmatic element of economics, which in turn influences the style of teaching economics and conducting scientific research at world universities.
Omentin-1 attenuates glucocorticoid-induced cardiac injury by phosphorylating GSK3β
Authors: Jin Zhousheng , Xia Fangfang , Dong Jiaojiao , Lin Tingting , Cai Yaoyao , Chen Jiali , Chen Xixi , Huang Zhenyang , Wang Quanguang , Chen Hongfei , Zhang Junkai
Published: March 2021

Glucocorticoid excess often causes a variety of cardiovascular complications, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. To abrogate its cardiac side effects, it is necessary to fully disclose the pathophysiological role of glucocorticoid in cardiac remodelling. Previous clinical and experimental studies have found that omentin-1, one of the adipokines, has beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases, and is closely associated with metabolic disorders. However, there is no evidence to address the potential role of omentin-1 in glucocorticoid excess-induced cardiac injuries. To uncover the links, the present study utilized rat model with glucocorticoid-induced cardiac injuries and clinical patients with abnormal cardiac function. Chronic administration of glucocorticoid excess reduced rat serum omentin-1 concentration, which closely correlated with cardiac functional parameters. Intravenous administration of adeno-associated virus encoding omentin-1 upregulated the circulating omentin-1 level and attenuated glucocorticoid excess-induced cardiac hypertrophy and functional disorders. Overexpression of omentin-1 also improved cardiac mitochondrial function, including the reduction of lipid deposits, induction of mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhanced mitochondrial activities. Mechanistically, omentin-1 phosphorylated and activated the GSK3β pathway in the heart. From a study of 28 patients with Cushing’s syndrome and 23 healthy subjects, the plasma level of glucocorticoid was negatively correlated with omentin-1, and was positively associated with cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Collectively, the present study provided a novel role of omentin-1 in glucocorticoid excess-induced cardiac injuries and found that the omentin-1/GSK3β pathway was a potential therapeutic target in combating the side effects of glucocorticoid.
Behavioral study of urban watersheds in Bhopal-city of lakes
Authors: Sharma Sheetal
Published: March 2021

Urbanization have crossed the limits of natural carrying capacity challenging mankind and its development in terms of progress. The most notable changes in the natural system observed are related to the urban and hydrological system where built up areas in urban region have increased from 100,000km2 in 1994 to 5,000,000km2 in 2005. It is assumed that almost 0.5% of the world surface is occupied by urban areas The aim of the study is to study the behavioural changes in Urban watersheds for recharge and runoff along with increasing Built up areas contributing impervious surfaces over natural ones. Objective is to develop a better understanding of the interactions between surface water flows and water replenishment with changes in land cover characteristics resulting from urbanization at the local, neighbourhood and regional scales. Another objective is to find out relationship between built up and water (surface and sub surface) with empirical, observational and simulation processes for an area with specific climate and physical characteristics. The methodology adopted to study and observe this correlation broadly consist of observation for variations in spatial scale for sub watersheds around 500 or more hectares for urban expansion, changes in land use land cover and hydrological components such as water level in aquifers, wells, runoff and drainages from past to present at temporal scale of about 40years. Conclusion were made on final modelling results with validation and assessment of parameters concluding that runoff is directly proportional to built up and its intensity varies with given roughness land cover, built up and ground water infiltration.
Laboratory sessions and experiments paradoxes
Authors: BA Korotaev
Published: March 2021

During research and experimentation in the laboratory, interesting phenomena are sometimes observed. Some arise in preparation for work, others during, others in random, purposeless experiments with the equipment available. Only a few of the observed ones are considered here. Some of phenomena are subjects to further research, such as rotation of various materials in electric field.
The local meteoric relationship for 18O and 2H in precipitations and isotopic compositions of water resources in northeast Amara area (South of Iraq)
Authors: Ghalib Hussein B
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on determining the Amara meteoric water line for the study area (AMWL) is defined or the first time, based on samples of precipitation collected Amara city - southeast of Iraq. For an adequate management of available water resources in semi-arid and arid regions, it is important to compare isotopic data of surface water and groundwater with the local meteoric relationship for d18O and dD in precipitations.Isotope values of precipitation indicate a local meteoric water line (Amara MWL δ2H = 7.51 δ18O + 10.82; R2=0.94) situated between the Mediterranean MWL and Global MWL. Both the slope and 2H intercept for AMWL are deviated from the global meteoric water line - GMWL (δ2H = 8.13 18O + 10) and Mediterranean MWL (δ 2H = 8.13 18O + 22). The slightly variation in isotopic compositions of the Missan rain (from -4 to +3.2‰ and from -20 to -14‰ for 18O and 2H, respectively) is because of slightly seasonal changes in precipitations in this area. The 18O and 2H isotopes of local water resources show that the rainwater is affected by the Arabian Gulf Arabian Sea potential moisture sources.
Baur dam breach analysis using various manning’s roughness values
Authors: Prasad Jyothi
Published: March 2021

This paper describes the importance of flood mapping in terms of saving downstream agricultural area. Flood can cause high impact on the nearby crops productivity which further affects the country’s economy. The Baur dam has a Culturable Command Area of 31453,6572 hectares. It’s key focus is on describing the importance of Manning’s roughness value in dam breach modelling and shows it’s bad impact on downstream areas of dam. In this work hypothetical breach modelling of Baur dam is performed by using Hydrologic Engineer’s Centre- River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). Details about study area, breach parameters, modelling procedure, and outflow flood values are also described in this paper. Flow hydrographs are plotted at different Manning’s roughness value for the two populated downstream areas of dam and it has been observed from results that as roughness value increases flow decreases which justifies Manning’s theory. As a Final result Inundation maps are plotted with the detail of inundated area values for different Manning’s values so that the effect of roughness can be analysed numerically on study area. The Manning’s roughness value of 0.030 causes 37.75km2 inundated area in the downstream of dam.1
Sistem Penunjang Keputusan Pemilihan Lokasi Tempat Penampungan Sampah Sementara (Studi Kasus: Dinas Lingkungan Hidup DKI Jakarta) (Studi Kasus: Dinas Lingkungan Hidup DKI Jakarta)
Authors: Rivai Muhammad Aldy , Huda Muhammad Qomarul
Published: March 2021

Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (DLH) DKI Jakarta merupakan lembaga pemerintah yang berperan penting dalam menentukan lokasi tempat penampungan sementara (TPS). TPS adalah tempat sebelum sampah diangkut ke tempat pendauran ulang, pengolahan, dan/atau tempat pengolahan sampah terpadu. Jumlah TPS di Jakarta pun masih kurang, dimana dari 261 kelurahan, Jakarta hanya memiliki 160 TPS. Karena berdasarkan SNI 3242:2008 disebutkan bahwa untuk 1 kelurahan dengan jumlah penduduk 30.000 jiwa, membutuhkan TPS dengan luas lahan ± 60 – 200 m2. Maka untuk 1 kelurahan di DKI Jakarta yang jumlah rata-rata penduduknya sebanyak 35.633 jiwa, membutuhkan 2 TPS atau lebih. Selain itu, proses pemilihan lokasi TPS yang dilakukan selama ini belum mempertimbangkan persyaratan yang sudah ditentukan dalam Permen PU Nomor 03 Tahun 2013 tentang Penyelenggaraan Prasarana dan Sarana Persampahan. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu sistem penunjang keputusan yang dapat memberikan rekomendasi lokasi TPS terbaik berdasarkan kriteria atau persyaratan yang ada. Dalam penelitian ini, sistem dibangun menggunakan metode fuzzy logic untuk menentukan tingkat kepentingan kriteria dan metode full factorial untuk menentukan alternatif terbaiknya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sistem yang dapat memberikan rekomendasi kepada pihak DLH DKI Jakarta dalam mengambil keputusan terkait pemilihan lokasi TPS dengan melihat nilai terbaik dari setiap alternatif yang ada.
Pengembangan Model Tracking and Tracing dalam Komoditi Rantai Pasok Perikanan di Indonesia
Authors: Alfajri Muhamad Fitra , Wasiqi Nabil Cahya
Published: March 2021

Indonesia memiliki sumber daya yang melimpah & didukung oleh iklim yang baik, sehingga potensi indonesia dalam komoditi perikanan cukup besar. Agar bahan pangan komoditi perikanan dapat dijual kepada masyarakat dengan kualitas dan kuantitas yang baik, maka perlu adanya pengelolaan dan kontrol yang baik pula disetiap rantai pasoknya sehinga, kegagalan dalam distribusi komoditi perikanan dapat dihindarkan. Model system tracking and tracing dapat menjadi strategi untuk menjamin keberhasilan distribusi komoditi perikanan secara tepat baik kuantitas maupun kualitas. Model tracking and tracing komoditi pertanian adalah sebuah sistem proaktif yang real time yang dilengkapi dengan komponen pendukung proses distribusi dengan data.
Optimalisasi Jalur Logistik pada PT. PAN R&R Menggunakan Metode Saving Matrix
Authors: Noor Muhamad Alip , Farha Sarah , Aini Qurrotul
Published: March 2021

Supply Chain adalah salah satu bagian dari alur perusahaan dalam mengolah produk hingga sampai ke konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui optimalisasi supply chain pada jalur logistik yang efektif terhadap PT. PAN R&R. Peneliti menggunakan metode Saving Matrix untuk mengukur jalur logistik terpendek dan biaya transportasi yang minimal. Objek yang dituju ialah konsumen dengan sistem pengiriman menggunakan kendaraan dari perusahaan. Metode Saving Matrix ialah metode yang digunakan untuk meminimalkan rute, waktu, atau biaya. Metode ini juga berguna untuk memutuskan jalur logistik barang yang perlu dilintasi dan besaran kendaraan guna memperoleh jalur terpendek maupun tarif transportasi yang minimal. Selain itu, metode yang diterapkan pada langkah akhir Saving Matrix menggunakan metode Nearest Insert. Hasil yang didapatkan dari data dan perhitungan menggunakan metode Saving Matrix yaitu diperoleh 19,6 km. Selanjutnya, peneliti menggunakan metode Nearest Insert pada langkah akhir di metode Saving Matrix dan diperoleh hasil 143,9Km. Jadi, berdasarkan total keduanya penghematan yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan 2 (dua) metode yaitu sebesar 26,8%.
La selva sin bosques. Relato sobre el oro, la depredación y el COVID-19 entre los Arakbut de una comunidad nativa en Madre de Dios
Authors: Reymundo Dámaso Lucero
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se aborda la incorporación de la comunidad nativa San José de Karene, del pueblo Arakbut, a la economía extractiva a través de la minería aurífera hace medio siglo. Además, se presenta una discusión sobre las transformaciones sociales y ecológicas generadas por la dependencia del oro, la deforestación de sus territorios, el abandono de las prácticas agrícolas y las estrategias frente a los desafíos de la pandemia y la post-pandemia.
O descumprimento das medidas públicas adotadas contra a COVID -19 na cidade de Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Dos Santos Vandreza Souza , Lopes Leide Maria Leão , Filho Edilson de Carvalho , Pereira Edfram Rodrigues
Published: March 2021

Este estudo analisa o descumprimento das medidas preventivas de contágio do novo coronavírus, SARS-CoV-2, pelos moradores no município de Tabatinga, interior do estado do Amazonas. Os resultados mostram que, dentre os diferentes fatores existentes, o comportamento social e cultural enraizado nas pessoas que aqui residem e transitam, podem ser os responsáveis pela falta de respeito às regras e determinações das autoridades. Além disso, a livre circulação de pessoas entre as cidades fronteiriças de Santa Rosa (Peru) e Letícia (Colômbia) somada a uma fiscalização ineficiente contribuem no agravamento do problema. Como resultado isso, as medidas de isolamento social propostas mediante decretos federais, estaduais e municipais, têm tido baixa efetividade na cidade de Tabatinga – AM, uma vez que, a população manteve o hábito de circular livremente pela cidade mesmo em horários e locais proibidos, causando aglomerações e contribuindo para o aumento do número de casos de Covid-19 na cidade.
Diante disso, a compreensão acerca do comportamento social dos cidadãos que residem na cidade de Tabatinga se torna importante para que o poder público possa tomar medidas eficazes que contribuam de maneira efetiva na retenção do número de infectados evitando superlotar a rede pública de saúde, em particular os leitos das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva – UTIs.
¿A dónde vamos a llevar a nuestros enfermos? Narrativas de dos líderes awajún sobre el COVID-19 en Condorcanqui, Amazonas
Authors: Cardenas Palacios Cynthia , Reymundo Dámaso Lucero
Published: March 2021

Desde que se detectó el primer caso positivo de COVID-19 a fines de marzo en la Amazonía peruana, el virus se propagó a un ritmo acelerado en los territorios indígenas. En la provincia de Condorcanqui del departamento de Amazonas se encendieron las alertas sobre la rápida diseminación del virus entre la población Awajun y Wampis. En este artículo presentamos las narrativas de dos líderes y profesionales awajún, Clelia Jima y Zebelio Kayap. En sus relatos interpelan la acción del Gobierno peruano develando las trampas burocráticas que impidieron la implementación de acciones específicas para pueblos indígenas en esta pandemia. Del mismo modo, nos hablan de las iniciativas que las organizaciones indígenas impulsaron para salvar sus vidas. En las voces de Clelia y Zebelio se tejen interrogantes y reflexiones profundas a partir del conocimiento que les confiere la experiencia y los años de lucha contra la indolencia del Estado.
Retratos de la pandemia: pintura y fotografía desde la chacra de mis padres
Authors: Yahuarcani Rember
Published: March 2021

El pintor amazónico Rember Yahuarcani narra su experiencia de pasar los primeros meses de la pandemia en Pebas, trabajando en la chacra de sus padres, y muestra las fotografías y las pinturas que realizó durante ese periodo en 2020.  Su testimonio nos acerca a su día a día en familia y a la observación detallada de la luminosidad, los colores y formas de los seres amazónicos que alimentan su creatividad de artista visual. Combinando palabra e imagen, también expresa su firme crítica al abandono social y la destrucción ambiental sin tregua.
Presentación: Reflexiones y perspectivas sobre la pandemia de COVID-19 (Parte II)
Authors: Bolívar-Urueta Edgar , Belaunde Luisa Elvira , Mendes dos Santos Gilton
Published: March 2021

NA
Cuestionarios clínicos para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Authors: Bastidas-Goyes Alirio Rodrigo , Cardozo-Niño Andrés Orlando , Quintero-Muñoz Elías , López-Gómez Kenny Andrés , Suárez-Escobar Lilia Patricia , Hernández-Santos Lorena Esmeralda
Published: March 2021

Introducción. El uso de cuestionarios de predicción clínica para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en atención primaria en salud podría mejorar el subdiagnóstico de esta enfermedad. Hoy en día existen varios instrumentos de este tipo; sin embargo, hay poca información sobre su rendimiento diagnóstico.
Objetivo. Determinar la validez del uso de los diferentes cuestionarios de predicción clínica para el diagnóstico de la EPOC.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de prueba diagnóstica en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE y LILACS a partir de la estrategia PICO y utilizando términos MeSH y DeCS. Se incluyeron los estudios publicados entre julio 1 de 1997 y junio 30 de 2019. Dos revisores seleccionaron los artículos para análisis completo con base en los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La calidad de los artículos se evaluó con el instrumento QUADAS.
Resultados. Se incluyeron 19 artículos para el análisis. En cuanto a la evaluación global de los cuestionarios se obtuvieron los siguientes datos: sensibilidad: 68.1% (IC95%: 66.7-69.4); especificidad: 64.9% (IC95%: 64.3-65.5); razón de verosimilitud positiva: 2.024 (IC95%: 1.715-2.388); razón de verosimilitud negativa: 0.407 (IC95%: 0.289-0.573) y el área bajo la curva de características del receptor (ACOR): 0.75. El cuestionario COPD-PS reportó el mayor rendimiento —sensibilidad: 0.673 (IC95%: 0.653-0.692), especificidad: 0.663 (IC95%: 0.655-0.671) y ACOR: 0.750—; seguido de LFQ —sensibilidad: 0.840 (IC95%: 0.806-0.871), especificidad: 0.312 (IC95%: 0.289-0.336) y ACOR: 0,730—, y CDQ —sensibilidad: 0.798 (IC95%: 0.764-0.829), especificidad: 0.517 (IC95%: 0.495-0.538) y ACOR: 0.727—.
Conclusión. Los instrumentos de predicción clínica para el diagnóstico de EPOC tienen un rendimiento aceptable, pues los valores de sensibilidad obtenidos a través de estos son superiores a los de la evaluación individual de la sintomatología respiratoria que se puede hacer a través de la historia clínica habitual.
Functional autonomy and sarcopenia markers in women over 55 years of age
Authors: Ramírez-Villada Jhon Fredy , Arango-Paternina Carlos Mario , Tibaduiza-Romero Annie , Rodríguez-Perdomo Leonardo , Molina-Restrepo Nery Cecilia , Márquez-Arabia Jorge Jaime
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Some parameters used to diagnose sarcopenia and functional autonomy disorders can lead to interpretation and classification errors.
Objective: To analyze sarcopenia markers and their relationship with the strength and gait of physically active older women aged between 55 and 76 years.
Materials and Methods: Analytical observational study conducted in 178 physically active Colombian women who were distributed in two age groups (group 1: 55-66 years, n=98, and group 2: 67-76 years, n=80). A multiple linear regression model was used to establish possible correlations between strength and gait indicators (dependent variables) and body composition (independent variables).
Results: Fat mass and appendicular mass (appendicular lean/height2(kg/m2)) explained power variance in the lower limbs in group 1 (G1) (SJ: p=0.001, R2=0.56; CMJ: p=0.001, R2=0.51; CMJAS: R2=0.60, p=0.001). Similar results were observed in group 2 (G2) (SJ: R2=0.32, DW1=2.14; CMJ: R2=0.51, DW2=2.38; CMJAS: R2=0.41, DW3=2.56). Furthermore, fat mass explained variance in gait pattern in G1 and G2 differently (G1: p=-0.006; R2=20%; G2: p=-0.001; R2=29%).
Conclusion: Recording fat and appendicular mass allow studying negative changes in lower limb strength and their effect on gait pattern, as well as identifying the type of sarcopenia and functional autonomy disorders in physically active Colombian women aged 55 to 76 years.
Pedagogical Leadership within the Framework of Human Talent Management: A Comprehensive Approach from the Perspective of Higher Education in Ecuador
Authors: Cejas Martínez Magda Francisca , Mendoza Velazco Derling Jose , Navarro Cejas Mercedes , Morales Corozo Juan Pablo
Published: March 2021

Introduction. University higher education in recent decades has seen the need to participate in projects that lead to its evolution, transformation and adaptation to the demands of current times. The leading role of the teaching professional is becoming more visible in these changes, which is why it is considered that the recognition of it as a leader is of vital importance to transform reality. The study presented has as a general objective to study teacher leadership in the higher education system of Ecuador considering its leading role in the transformative participation of educational processes.
Materials and Methods. The research carried out was part of the development of the mixed or qualitative methodology. This was a two-phase sequential study. The first quantitative phase involved a questionnaire with descriptive analysis, applied the reliability with the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The qualitative phase consisted of an interpretative documentary analysis.
Results. The results showed that most of the teachers surveyed do not recognize themselves as leaders, or at least are not known as leaders in some areas of the educational processes in which they participate. Teachers have three types of leadership: instructional, distributed and university.
Discussion and Conclusion. At the present time the participation, commitment and responsibility in the area of competence of the university teacher, the educational leadership represented in the professional of university teaching, it is vitally important to move from discourse to action and active participation in the transformation of the realities.
Influence of pH and solids content on heat-induced changes in structural arrangements of proteins in milk
Authors:   Victoria University, Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities and College of Health and Biomedicine, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia, Markoska Tatijana
Published: March 2021

Concentrated milk systems can be unstable during heat treatment. In this work, we studied the structural changes in the proteins in skim milk (9, 17 and 25% solids) as a result of pH adjustment to pH 7.5 and heating at 75, 85, 95 100, 110 and 121 °C by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and SDS-PAGE. The pH adjustment to 7.5 resulted in some dissociation of caseins to serum, predominately in the 9% total solids samples. Furthermore, pH adjustment resulted in an increase in random structures at all concentration levels, due to protein unfolding. Heat treatment affected greatly the protein composition in the serum phase and induced structural modifications. All milk samples when heated to 110°C exhibited loss of serum β-LG, α-LA and caseins (mainly κ-casein) as a result of heat induced aggregation. The intensity of aggregation increased with concentration factor. The trend appeared similar at 121°C but with larger aggregates. As a concentration factor increased, covalent bonds among newly formed structures appeared to prevail.
Effect of total solids standardization using different methods on mineral content of yoghurt
Authors:   Akdeniz University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Antalya, Turkey, Ergin Firuze
Published: March 2021

Yoghurt is a good dietary source of macro and micro minerals. However, the mineral content of yoghurt can vary according to the technological processing used in its manufacture. In this context, the aim of this study was to compare some macro (Ca, K and Mg) and micro (As, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn) mineral contents of total solids-standardized yoghurts with four different methods by following: (1) Addition of skim milk powder to milk, (2) Concentration of yoghurt milk by vacuum evaporation, (3) Concentration of yoghurt curd in a cloth bag and (4) Concentration of yoghurt curd by mechanical centrifugation. The highest content of the macro minerals was in the yoghurt produced with method 1, while the highest content of most of the micro minerals was in the yoghurt produced with method 4. The results of this study showed that the mineral content of yoghurt could be modified by the method used in the manufacture of yoghurt to standardize total solids content.
Storage stability and fatty acid composition of Sanliurfa butterfat
Authors:   Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, 63300 Sanliurfa/TURKEY mail, Ünver Naciye
Published: March 2021

In this research, Sanliurfa butterfat, collected from local small-sized dairy plants located in Karacadağ Region of Sanliurfa, were stored at two different temperatures (4 and 20 °C) for 12 months. The butterfat samples have been analysed to determine some biochemical parameters (free fatty acids, acid value, peroxide value, induction time, and pH) and fatty acid composition on the 1st, 30th, 90th, 120th, 180th, 270th and 360th days of storage. The mean value of free fatty acids, acid value and peroxide value of the butterfat stored in refrigerator conditions (4 °C) were lower, and the induction time was higher than the butterfat stored at room temperature (20 °C) (P<0.05). Furthermore, the acid value and free fatty acids value of the butterfat significantly increased (P<0.05). The ratio of saturated fatty acid of the butterfat decreased during the storage (P<0.05). C16:1, C17:1, C18:2n6c MUFA of the butterfat stored at two different storage temperatures increased significantly during the storage period. According to the results of free fatty acids, traditional Sanliurfa butterfat at room temperature (20 °C) could be stored safely for a maximum of 3 months, while this period could be up to 6 months for the butterfat stored at refrigerated temperature (4 °C).
The Eucharist and the Holy Trinity. The liturgical aspect
Authors: Królikowski Janusz
Published: March 2021

Christian faith is based on the mystery of the Holy Trinity which, therefore, plays an indispensable role in the understanding of the particular truths of faith. This statement refers also to the Eucharist. The New Testament, especially the Gospel of John, conveys an explicit depiction of the links between the Holy Trinity and the Eucharist. The New Testament tradition has found its continuation in theology, and it has been predominantly seen in the Eucharistic Prayers. This paper highlights certain Trinitarian aspects of the mystery of the Eucharist, in order to point out further possibilities, both for deepening the understanding of this mystery and for more integral incorporation of it into faith and Christian experience.
Symbolism of the Rural and Suburban Landscape of the Holy Land in the New Testament
Authors: Mirošević Lena , Krasicki Arkadiusz , Faričić Josip
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the symbolism of the rural and suburban landscape of the Holy Land in the New Testament. Based on the results of previous geographical and theological (exegetical) research of certain elements of the natural and cultural landscape, and studies of biblical texts and descriptions of landscape motifs in areas where Jesus Christ lived and worked, the article attempts to point out the symbolism that enriches mere facts about the geographical reality of the Holy Land. It has been determined that the most important natural-geographical forms and phenomena are clearly recognized in the rural and suburban landscape of the Holy Land, while the identity of the Jewish community formed by different human activities and ways of life is imprinted in the cultural landscape, which includes a related web of multiple dualities: the real and the imaginary, the natural and the supernatural, and the material and the spiritual.
The First Relationship – the Experience of Fundamental Trust as a Foundation for the Development of Faith
Authors: Skubic Metka
Published: March 2021

The article is an important starting point for reflecting upon the emergence and development of fundamental trust through the first, primary relationship between the newborn and the parent. The birth of the first child signifies establishment of a family system, in which the concepts and mechanisms that Relational Family Therapy is built upon, are reflected on a systemic, interpersonal and intrapsychic level. Relational Family Therapy can find a way to resolve painful psychical contents and bring about a relief of the family system. The starting point for the study of the family described in this paper is the method of observing newborn behavior, the Newborn Behavioral Observations System (hereinafter NBO) with elements of Relational Family Therapy, which significantly helps to build a confident parental role and establishes a closer relationship between parents and children, thus forming the foundation for all further relationships.
Relational Family Therapy in the Treatment of Sudden Cardiac Arrest Survivors and their Relatives
Authors: Košir Meta , Simonič Barbara , Gostečnik Christian , Noč Marko , Tadel Kocjančič Špela , Jazbec Anja , Dovečar Klementina , Kotnik Anja , Kotnik Polona , Kropivnik Špela , Smonkar Helena , Vačovnik Julija , Vehovar Karmen , Pate Tanja
Published: March 2021

Sudden cardiac arrest is the most common single cause of death in the contemporary world, but the proportion of survivors is increasing thanks to modern intensive methods of hospital treatment. However, data show that survivors experience high rates of neurological and cognitive deficits and poorer emotional well-being, which is a major challenge in treating these individuals and encouraging their integration in everyday life. These issues range from a number of emotional problems, such as anxiety and depression, to lower levels of participation in social life and a low rate of return to their workplace. The need for security and support increases because of the feelings of insecurity, vulnerability and fear of the recurrence of symptoms. Relatives/caregivers who report emotional problems and a higher level of post-traumatic stress are physically and mentally burdened, too. Hence, sudden cardiac arrest is a life-threatening event which is traumatic for survivors and their close relatives. It triggers strong emotional responses that are characteristic of all types of trauma (reliving the trauma, avoidance, negative thoughts and mood, increased agitation). People who have survived trauma thus suffer long-term effects, which are reflected in various dysfunctional behaviours and activities due to inadequate regulation of affective states. Because of these issues, there is a need for effective interventions that can psychologically help patients and relatives after surviving sudden cardiac arrest. In this paper, we will present the model of Relational Family Therapy, which can enable survivors and their relatives to appropriately emotionally-affectively process this experience and thus more appropriately integrate into a new way of life. With the qualitative research method of task analysis, we will show the process of change, which is based on the establishment of a new regulation of affect and allows in-depth processing of difficult emotional states after this event.