bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tácticas de engaño mental para sobrevivir otro día en la tierra
Authors: Gálvez G Luis Carlos
Published: August 2019

Frente a la situación actual, la importancia de nuestra independencia no reside en conmemorar héroes pasados, por el contrario, radica en entender cuáles fueron las cadenas del pasado, para tomar conciencia de las nuestras y así poder liberarnos. Ante nuevos tipos de colonización, ante la aparición del hombre-máquina, ante la perpetuidad de nuestros viejos errores, la importancia de este escrito, reside en la esencia de la salvación e independencia de aquellos héroes del bicentenario, reside en el hecho de poder ver que todo lo que hacemos con nuestras manos, por pequeño que sea, es más importante que toda la opulencia de los imperios multinacionales. Nuestra necesidad de autodeterminación, nuestro anhelo de ser nosotros mismos, la satisfacción de producir algo completo y contribuir con una tarea que puedan comprender la sociedad y el espíritu, son los primeros pasos que nos conducen a una verdadera libertad...
La vinculación del juez a la ley y el derecho
Authors: Torres Ávila Jheison
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo tiene por objeto explorar los problemas de los jueces frente a la aplicación del derecho en un sistema de fuentes en particular. En este sentido desarrolla la tesis clásica del Estado liberal que sostiene la centralidad de la ley como fuente principal del derecho. Al respecto se exploran otras posibilidades de esta relación con las fuentes normativas, como la del realismo jurídico. Se recoge una propuesta final con una aproximación desde las teorías de la argumentación y las exigencias en el Estado constitucional.
Los estudios poscoloniales y su agenciamiento en el pensamiento crítico latinoamericano
Authors: Losada Jhon Jairo
Published: August 2019

El siguiente trabajo, pretende realizar un acercamiento a los Estudios Poscoloniales, empezando por sus origines y llegando a la discusión de los mismos en la academia latinoamericana. Para ello se recurrirá a algunas ideas clásicas alrededor de la teorización de lo poscolonial, más específicamente a las expuestas por Edward Said, para después visualizar la emergencia de dichos estudios en el seno del pensamiento crítico y la academia latinoamericana. Ello, con el fin de dar a conocer las principales categorías y los aportes realizados por los integrantes del colectivo M/C***. El orden que seguirá la reflexión será: 1), reseñar los inicios de las teorías poscoloniales y la discusión en torno a las mismas. 2), identificar el papel de estas en la academia latinoamericana, en especial desde el trabajo del colectivo modernidad/colonialidad (M/C). 3), Exponer las principales categorías y aportes de los integrantes del colectivo M/C.
Reflexión crítica del fenómeno corporal en la legislación colombiana y su enfoque jurisprudencial
Authors: Moadie Ortega Vanina
Published: August 2019

La legislación civil durante años guardó silencio sobre la posibilidad de disposición del cuerpo humano y sus partes, situación justificada si se tiene en cuenta que El Código Civil, máximo instrumento de codificación de las relaciones entre los particulares, fue expedido hace más de un siglo, razón por la cual no pudo haber regulado aspectos que son de reciente desarrollo, pero en la actualidad es cuestionable que se mantenga dicha omisión, toda vez que los avances médicos, científicos y biotecnológicos imponen la necesidad de plantearse reflexiones en torno a la disposición del cuerpo humano y de partes separadas de este, que permitirá constituir bases sólidas sobre la regulación del fenómeno corporal en Colombia.
Ciudadanía, democracia e identidad
Authors: Almanza Loaiza Tulia
Published: August 2019

Este artículo examina la noción de ciudadanía desde la tradición liberal, teniendo en cuenta el surgimiento del individualismo, la relación de los ciudadanos con el Estado democrático y el debate entre liberalismo y comunitarismo con miras a diferenciar el ciudadano liberal del republicano. Esta discusión permite examinar la comprensión de la ciudadanía colombiana expuesta por María Teresa Uribe, quien sostiene que la ciudadanía en Colombia se ha configurado en medio de un mestizaje cultural y político y en déficit con las características del liberalismo.
Tribunal Internacional para Ruanda: «si la justicia así lo requiere»
Authors: Quintero Cordero Sara Patricia
Published: August 2019

En 1994 un trágico evento sacude a la humanidad: el genocidio de Ruanda. La comunidad internacional intervino, pero sus esfuerzos se convirtieron en un fracaso debido a la ausencia del Estado, es decir, la planeación y ejecución de políticas internas, que provoca que los esfuerzos de la cooperación internacional fueran socavados por este. Esta es la principal razón que motiva a los autores a escribir este artículo y demostrar la importancia para el Estado, las víctimas y futuros escenarios de posconflicto, el Derecho Penal Internacional, la Justicia Transicional, la Reconciliación, las medidas de la comunidad internacional y de la ONU por llevar justicia y respeto al Derecho Internacional Humanitario. Luego, el artículo se concentra en el Tribunal Internacional para Ruanda que estipula y ejecuta la responsabilidad penal individual y la responsabilidad del Estado en los hechos acaecidos, para de esta manera compren der sus aportes a la reparación y a la justicia. Antes de adentrarse a este análisis se expondrá brevemente la historia del genocidio para situar al lector en los hechos históricos del país y la situación interna de la época.
Nivel de protección jurídica laboral a la maternidad en Colombia
Authors: Castro Guiza Omar Ernesto , Caballero Martínez Lucas
Published: August 2019

La estabilidad laboral consagrada en la Constitución Política de 1991 va más allá de garantizar el acceso al trabajo o a una permanencia y continuidad en relación al mismo, pues esta alcanza su punto más alto cuando se trata de salvaguardar los derechos fundamentales de la mujer trabajadora que se encuentra en estado de embarazo o periodo Colombiano y la jurisprudencia de la de lactancia. Así, el legislador Corte Constitucional se han encargado de desarrollar el concepto de estabilidad laboral reforzada, tema que plantea toda una serie de situaciones y escenarios que son objeto de estudio en este documento.
La primera infancia, un compromiso social
Authors: Suspes María Mercedes
Published: August 2019

Es el niño el ser más indefenso de la sociedad al cual los padres, maestros, adultos y gobiernos tienen la obligación de dar lo mejor. De acuerdo con lo anterior el Estado junto con diversas ONG han elaborado distintos programas, políticas y estrategias para fomentar el crecimiento integral de la población infantil, especialmente la que comprende entre los cero a los cinco años de edad.

La infancia es catalogada como la etapa base del ser humano, en la que se establece el desarrollo de habilidades neuronales y motrices. Por eso es vital que el niño crezca en un entorno en donde el juego y el diálogo sean medios primordiales para su estimulación diaria.

La estimulación temprana, se inicia desde el momento de la gestación del naciturus, etapa en la cual la madre gestante debe proporcionarle a su hijo alimento y un ambiente favorable y tranquilo, ya que todo lo que vive la madre es percibido por el feto, siendo los periodos dela gestación y la niñez parte fundamental de la vida de cada persona.
The effects of entrepreneurial orientation on strategy choice and management control in nonprofit organizations
Authors: Rüsch Stephanie , Lachmann Maik , Wilkesmann Maximiliane , Bastini Karola
Published: August 2019

In light of increasing relevance of strategic considerations in the nonprofit sector, this study investigates the entrepreneurial orientation of nonprofit CEOs and its linkage to strategic decision-making. The study provides initial insights into the types and effects of CEO entrepreneurial orientation, corresponding strategic choices, and differences in the implementation of strategies through managerial control in nonprofit organizations. Semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with the top managers of German nonprofit hospitals. The interviews were evaluated using qualitative content analysis. The findings are consistent with upper echelon theory, which considers management characteristics to be a determinant of strategic decision making, acting as a mediator between the external environment and strategic choices. The analysis includes two levels: (1) the entrepreneurial orientation of nonprofit CEOs at the individual level and (2) strategic choices on competitive strategies and their implementation at the organizational level. The findings show that the competitive environment evokes different types of entrepreneurial orientation that influence the approach of nonprofit CEOs to strategic decisions and implementation processes. Highly entrepreneurial CEOs prefer prospector strategies over defender or reactor strategies. CEOs with low levels of entrepreneurial orientation tend to use controls diagnostically, whereas CEOs exhibiting medium to high levels of entrepreneurial orientation use controls interactively. This study extends the existing literature by providing evidence of the types of managerial entrepreneurial orientation in nonprofit organizations and the resulting effects on strategic planning and implementation processes. This paper thus sheds light on a key determinant of strategic decision-making and implementation in nonprofit organizations.
Khuruj and Family Economic Resilience: Study on Jama’ah Tabligh Family in Medan City
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: August 2019

Khuruj for preach by leaving the family is a must for every member of Jama’ah Tabligh (JT). When khuruj time, JT members cannot conduct their duty as head of the interested household especially to fulfill family economic needs. It is often, they khuruj without leaving enough provision of needs for their family. It is understandable why JT members are often accused as a group that neglects their family not even caring for the family. This research objective is to analyze survival strategy and tactics of the JT family by using a qualitative method. The researcher will conduct an in-depth interview with JT members and their family. Through this field research is found that 1) JT family has a strong belief that their sustenance is the gift of God. 2) Provision of needs that is left by the husband is enough to be utilized as long as being managed with sincerity. 3) JT family has a special survival strategy. So, khuruj is a method of da’wah that does not disturb family economic resilience.
Sharia in the Nigerian Constitutions: Examining the Constitutional Conferences and the Sharia Debates in the Drafts
Authors: Hasan-Bello Abdulmajeed
Published: August 2019

The paper examines the socio-ethnic and religious configuration of Nigeria and the nature of Sharia debates in the Nigeria constitutions of 1977/1978; 1988/1989 debates and Constitutional Conference of 1994/1995. The paper argues that the genesis of the Sharia debates can be traced to 1956. The Constitutional Conference of 1994/95 was not bedeviled by a serious acrimonious debate over the Sharia. However, the 1999 constitution brought a new dimension to the issue of the Sharia. To some extent, the enactment of Sharia law in Nigeria is a prime example of the relative success of Nigeria’s multi-state federalism in regards to governing diversity. Particularly the political autonomy to establish a Sharia Court of Appeal with civil jurisdiction on Islamic personal law. The paper concludes that the constitutionalization of the Sharia has subjected it to the vagaries of the political wind and made it easy prey to political fortune-seekers. Thus, the matters relating to religions should be removed from the future deliberative process in the country.
Influence of air bubble flow structure on the rate of water purification by the bubble-film extraction method
Authors: Gevod V. S. , Borisov I. A.
Published: August 2019

Bubble-film extraction (upgraded bubble flotation) is one of the modern methods for purifying contaminated water from surface-active impurities. The features of this method have been considered from the standpoints of the equilibrium and dynamics of surfactant accumulation on floated air bubbles with different sizes. Within a certain ratio of dimension and quantity of air bubbles in their stream transferring adsorbed surfactants from the water bulk into the bubble-film extractor, the productivity of the process increases many times. The effect is ensured by a collective fusion of big and small air bubbles in their close-packed state (embedded system) inside the bubble-film extractor. The driving forces are impulses of capillary waves initiated at the bursting of big air bubbles as constituent ‘destructive’ units of that system.
Detecting urban water consumption patterns: a time-series clustering approach
Authors: Leitão Joaquim , Simões Nuno , Sá Marques José Alfeu , Gil Paulo , Ribeiro Bernardete , Cardoso Alberto
Published: August 2019

The need for efficient management of water distribution systems is a growing concern for economic, environmental and social reasons. Water supply systems are commonly designed to ensure adequate behaviour under the worst conditions, such as maximum consumption, which leads to overestimation in supply tanks and energy waste. While overestimation should be considered, to account for unpredictable demands and emergency scenarios, we advocate that a detailed understanding of consumption patterns enables an improvement in water management and is additionally beneficial to correlated resources such as electricity. A novel framework to detect water consumption patterns is developed and applied to an urban scenario. Observed discrepancies among computed patterns enable readjustments of supplied water flowrate, thus promoting effective water allocation and pumping costs, while mitigating water contamination risks.
Adsorption removal of Cr(VI) by isomeric FeOOH
Authors: Zhang Di , Liu Jiaxin , Zhu Shibei , Xiong Huixin , Xu Yiqun
Published: August 2019

The aim of this work is to study the performances of isomeric α-, β-, and γ-FeOOH (goethite, akaganéite and lepidocrocite, including five samples named as Gth1 and Gth2, Aka1 and Aka2, and Lep, respectively) for removing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption mechanisms were explored by kinetic and isothermal experiments. Adsorption efficiencies under the different pH values, anions, and the levels of adsorbate and adsorbent were also measured. Results showed that the Cr(VI) adsorption by isomeric FeOOH could be best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The processes of Cr(VI) isothermal adsorption could be greatly fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich equations with the high correlation coefficients of R2 (>0.92). Also, there were the optimum pH values of 3.0–8.0 for FeOOH to adsorb Cr(VI), and their adsorption capacities were tightly related with the active sites of adsorbents. Cr(VI) adsorptions by these adsorbents were easily influenced by H2PO4–, and then SO42–, while there were little effects by Cl–, CO32– and NO3–. These obtained results could provide a potentially theoretical evidence for isomeric FeOOH materials applied in the engineering treatment of the polluted chromate-rich waters.
Experimental flow characterization in a spiral vortex drop shaft
Authors: Fernandes João , Jónatas Ricardo
Published: August 2019

Connecting storm-sewers located at rather different elevations may be made with vortex drop shafts in which the energy dissipation is made by the friction between the vertical shaft and the flow and downstream by the impinging jet in a dissipation chamber. Following the first model design in the 1940s, different types of vortex drop shafts have been developed. One of the most used type is the so-called spiral vortex drop shaft developed to work in supercritical flow with good performance in both energy dissipation and space constrains. In this paper, an experimental flow characterization in a spiral vortex drop shaft is conducted covering the three main components of these structures, namely the inlet channel, the vertical shaft and the dissipation chamber. The results include measurement of water depths, pressure and velocity.
Factors affecting on rational choice of students in Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah University
Authors: Mulyono Hardi , Hadian Arief
Published: August 2019

This research is quantitative research. This study aims to find out the factors that most influence the choice of students in choosing Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah University. The location of this study was conducted at Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah University conducted in August 2019 to December 2019. The results of this study produced six factors that influenced the choice of students in choosing Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah University, the most influencing factor or the first factor is the completeness factor of facilities and tuition fees, the second factor is the image of the campus, students activities, and scholarships, the third factor is academic factors and costs, fourth is the factor of study programs and future careers, the fifth factor is the internship and academic factors, the sixth factor of the alliance. This study is only able to analyze the existing factors of 63.134%, the remaining 36.866% are factors that have not been studied in this study, this study produced six factors that influence the first and main factors are the completeness of facilities and tuition fees.
Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century: Phase 2 Report on Strategic Analysis and Recommendations
Authors: Formicola Allan J. , Bailit Howard L. , Weintraub Jane A. , Fried Jacquelyn L. , Polverini Peter J.
Published: August 2019

In Phase 1 of the “Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century” project, research was conducted and published on a number of serious challenges facing dental and allied dental education, both presently and projected to 2040. Those findings informed the strategic analysis and recommendations developed in Phase 2 of the project. This report provides an overview of the Phase 2 conclusions and presents recommendations to address the challenges identified. The recommendations propose ways to educate a workforce prepared to meet the oral health needs of the population; develop a sustainable economic model that allows schools to meet their education, research, and service missions; make dental and allied dental education and practice an integral part of the larger health education and delivery systems; and keep dentistry advancing as a “learned” profession. This report begins with an Executive Summary and then presents the strategic analysis of challenges facing dental schools and allied dental programs and provides a brief explanation of the rationale for each recommendation. Two appendices are included with the report: the first summarizes discussions held at the national conference to consider the recommendations; and the second provides additional documentation of calculations used to estimate the number of new dental graduates needed in 2040.
21st Century Realities: The Urgency of Diversifying the Dental Professional Field
Authors: Clyburn Tayo , Davies Sharon L.
Published: August 2019

This article asserts that U.S. demographic shifts make it imperative that academic dental institutions and, in turn, the dental profession must diversify to best meet the needs of the nation's quickly changing population. In particular, it argues that the severe underrepresentation of African American and Hispanic students in dental schools is a detriment to those students who are being excluded from a field critical to the well‐being of the population, their prospective peers who are thus not afforded the benefits of compositional diversity in the classroom, and the millions of Americans who live in areas with little to no access to culturally competent oral health care. With such complex challenges facing the profession, dental schools must evolve to prepare students of all races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds to provide adequate oral health care to the country's changing population.
Academic and Community Partnerships: Increasing Access Through Collaborative Care
Authors: West Joseph F. , King Roderick K.
Published: August 2019

Access to quality dental care for many adults and children remains a serious concern. Many communities throughout the U.S. are at great disadvantage for preventive care and treatment due to payment concerns, location and types of providers, and poor communication between dental providers and primary care professionals. Voids in shared technology and information also persist. Integrating primary care with oral health can boost both preventive care and interventions focused on increasing efficacy and efficiency between dental and primary care professionals in addressing the onset and duration of disease. Academic and community partnerships can help increase access to care and bring together the dental and medical communities for better integration and care coordination. Academic and community partnerships promote the sharing of information, facilitate provision of basic diagnostic services, and bring the bidirectional flow of knowledge, training, and skills to one another in a systematic and sustained manner.
Effectiveness of Using a Mobile App to Improve Dental Students’ Ability to Identify Endodontic Complications from Periapical Radiographs
Authors: de Oliveira Manuela Lima Barros , Verner Francielle Silvestre , Kamburoğlu Kıvanç , Silva Jesca Neftali Nogueira , Junqueira Rafael Binato
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a mobile application as a supplementary tool in the radiographic diagnosis of endodontic complications by dental students. Radiographic images of the following endodontic conditions were selected: 1) absence of endodontic treatment (ET) without periapical lesion (PL); 2) absence of ET with PL; 3) satisfactory ET without PL; 4) satisfactory ET with PL; 5) unsatisfactory ET without PL; 6) unsatisfactory ET with PL; 7) fractured instrument; 8) deviated cast post; 9) root fracture; and 10) root resorption. In 2018, images were evaluated by 20 students at a dental school in Brazil who had been divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was permitted to use the Kahoot! mobile application (app) to access reference images of endodontic conditions. Reference standards were established through consensus by two endodontists and three oral radiologists. The results showed that intraobserver agreement ranged from moderate to substantial for both groups. Significant differences from the specialists’ reference standards were found in the evaluation of conditions 4 and 10 for the experimental group, which used the app (p<0.001), and conditions 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 10 for the control group, which did not use the app (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in accuracy, sensitivity, or specificity values between the groups for any of the endodontic conditions evaluated (p>0.05). This study found that the use of a mobile app containing reference images improved the students’ ability to diagnose endodontic complications, suggesting it would be a valuable supplementary tool in dental education.
Lean Methods Applied to CAD/CAM Pedagogy in the Dental Simulation Laboratory
Authors: Siegel Sharon C. , Kramer Steven B. , Deranek Kimberly M.
Published: August 2019

Dental education is incorporating computer‐assisted design/computer‐assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) into patient care delivery. The aim of this study was to determine if lean production methods applied to the preclinical phase of dental education would reduce the students’ time (efficiency) to complete CAD/CAM indirect restorations (CAD/CAM IR) without compromising the desired quality of the CAD/CAM tooth preparations (effectiveness). In 2016, all third‐year students at one U.S. dental school were randomly assigned to control and research groups (approximately 33 per group). The control group was taught using existing methods, while the course was redesigned to incorporate lean methods for the research group. Cycle times of the CAD/CAM IR process for both groups were collected and statistically analyzed to compare the effectiveness of the redesign. Standardized grading forms and tools were used to assess the quality of the CAD/CAM tooth preparations. The research group demonstrated significantly faster preparation times with both crowns and onlays (p<0.05) than the control group. The research group also produced CAD/CAM crown and onlay designs at a significantly faster pace than the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the control and research groups associated with the scanning process times (p>0.05) nor in the quality of the CAD/CAM tooth preparations (p>0.05). This study demonstrated that lean methods applied to pedagogy significantly decreased preparation and design times in a CAD/CAM restorative dentistry course without compromising the quality of the CAD/CAM tooth preparations.
Older Adult Patients’ Experience of Care in a Dental School Clinic
Authors: Dolce Maria C. , Parker Jessica L. , Savageau Judith A. , Da Silva John D.
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to assess older adults’ experience of care in an academic dental practice to identify opportunities to improve the patient experience for older adults. A cross‐sectional descriptive survey design with a sample of adults aged 65 and older was conducted using the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Clinician and Group (CG‐CAHPS) 12‐month survey 2.0, with supplemental survey item sets addressing cultural competence and health literacy. A total of 850 older adults were invited to participate in the survey in fall 2016, and a 43% response rate was achieved. Overall, participants reported a positive experience of care and high ratings for their dental providers. Significant differences were found based on age, education level, race, and health status. A significantly more favorable experience of care was reported by patients aged 75 and older, as well as adults without any college education. Non‐white patients were less likely to highly rate their dental providers and gave lower ratings for experiencing trust with their dental providers than white patients. Patients reporting good/fair/poor health were also less likely than those reporting very good/excellent health to highly rate their dental providers, and they gave lower ratings for patient‐provider communication. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using the CG‐CAHPS survey to assess the patient experience for older adults in an academic dental practice. Results identified opportunities for improving the dental practice and underscored the importance of enhancing dental curricula in areas of cultural competence, health literacy, and diversity.
Dental Hygiene Clinical Instructors’ Pedagogical Beliefs and Described Practices About Student‐Centered Education
Authors: Waldron Shannon K. , Walker Jude , Kanji Zul , von Bergmann HsingChi
Published: August 2019

The aims of this study were to understand dental hygiene clinical instructors’ teaching and learning perspectives regarding their described pedagogical beliefs, perceived roles in facilitating learning, and factors that influenced those perspectives and to assess how their espoused beliefs matched their instructional practice in relation to student‐centered competency‐based education. The Theory of Planned Behavior was used as a theoretical framework to guide the qualitative study design and analysis. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with 15 dental hygiene clinical instructors at a Canadian university in 2014. Transcript data derived from the interviews were coded for thematic analysis. In the results, these dental hygiene clinical instructors reported a spectrum of pedagogical beliefs, with one end defined as student‐centered and the other end teacher‐centered. While the instructors tended to describe their teaching as student‐centered, their responses in the simulated teaching scenarios of the interview were closer to teacher‐centered practices. Interview‐analysis results showed that the process by which the instructors developed their approaches to teaching was multifactorial. Factors included instructors’ perceptions of their own learning experiences, experiences of inter‐instructor collaboration, and methods of supporting students’ self‐efficacy in learning. Given the emergence of support for student‐centered education ideology and the program's adoption of this ideology, this exploratory study suggests that uncovering the teaching and learning beliefs of instructors is crucial prior to designing faculty development programs.
Creating an Efficient Learning Model: Students’ Perceptions and Outcomes of an Active Learning Fixed Prosthodontics Course
Authors: Godderidge Jeremy G. , Wall Benjamin E. , Franklin Sarah A.
Published: August 2019

With the extensive amount of learning required in dental schools, educators are constantly seeking more efficient learning models. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate a fixed prosthodontics course after its curriculum transitioned from a traditional lecture format to an active learning structure over the course of five years. In this retrospective, mono‐centered study completed in 2018 at a U.S. dental school, data from the school's fixed prosthodontics course exams, National Board Dental Examination Part II (NBDE II), and the operative portion of the Western Regional Examining Board (WREB) licensure exam were collected for 381 students from the inaugural Class of 2015 to the Class of 2019. Data were evaluated for two groups based on method of instruction: the Classes of 2015 and 2016 were taught in a traditional model, and the Classes of 2017‐19 were taught in the modified learning model. The data showed a 30% reduction in time students spent in the classroom and simulation clinic as compared to the previous model. The modified learning model reduced time spent in lecture, length of the course, and number of projects needed, while student performance remained consistent. Students in the active learning classes were able to pass all assessments including practical examinations at the same rate as previous classes using traditional learning methods. Students’ performance on standardized national exams (NBDE II and WREB licensure exams) remained consistent among the graduating classes, and scores were comparable to the national average. Although limited in scope, this study suggests that it is possible to reduce contact time in fixed prosthodontics and maintain performance by increasing student engagement through active learning techniques.
Jumpstart Mirror Trainer: A New Device for Teaching Mirror Skills to First‐Year Dental Students
Authors: McClure Alexander R. , Roomian Tamar C. , Eisen Steven E. , Kugel Gerard , Amato Robert B.
Published: August 2019

Learning indirect vision with a dental mirror is challenging and can be overwhelming for beginning dental students. The Jumpstart Mirror Trainer is a new device that allows students to become proficient with mirror use before the start of preclinic without requiring in‐class practice sessions. The aim of this study, conducted in 2017, was to compare the effectiveness of the Jumpstart Mirror Trainer with the Mirroprep for teaching indirect motor skills. Forty‐seven first‐year dental students were randomized into three groups to use the Jumpstart Mirror Trainer, Mirroprep, or a control device for 15 minutes a day for ten days. To assess indirect motor skills improvement, students performed a maxillary cavity preparation before and after using their devices. A survey was used to assess students' comfort level with mirror skills and perceived helpfulness of the exercises. Forty students completed the study. The Jumpstart Mirror Trainer activities improved the students' scores significantly more than the Mirroprep activities (p=0.04) and the control device (p=0.006). Students in the Jumpstart Mirror Trainer group rated their device as being significantly more helpful than the control group rated its device in preparing them for the evaluation (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in perceived helpfulness between the Mirroprep group and the control group (p=0.75). These results suggest that the Jumpstart Mirror Trainer may be able to improve students' indirect motor skills without requiring in‐class practice sessions and to do so more effectively than other existing methods.
Use of Digital Technology to Improve Objective and Reliable Assessment in Dental Student Simulation Laboratories
Authors: Miyazono Shoji , Shinozaki Yosuke , Sato Hironobu , Isshi Kota , Yamashita Junro
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to assess inter‐and intra‐grader agreement with the use of digital scanning and a tooth preparation assessment software program in comparison to the current traditional visual grading method in a dental student simulation laboratory. Students' typodont teeth preparations from previous practical examinations were used (cast crown n=50; cast fixed partial denture abutments n=50). Five preclinical instructors received calibration training and evaluated each of the preparations by the traditional visual grading method using a rubric. The same preparations were assessed by the same instructors using a tooth preparation assessment software program (PrepCheck, Sirona). The results showed that intra‐grader agreement was significantly higher when grades were determined by PrepCheck compared to the traditional visual grading method. The traditional method was associated with significantly greater inter‐grader disagreement in comparison to grading using PrepCheck (p<0.05). When the average final grade for students' crown preparations by each grader was compared for the traditional method and PrepCheck, significant differences were found for all graders (p<0.001). In this study, the use of the PrepCheck software program greatly improved intra‐and inter‐grader agreement during grading in a student simulation laboratory. Digital technology may improve the objectivity and reliability of assessments by preclinical evaluators.
Predoctoral Dental Education in Tooth Prognosis and Treatment Complexity: A Survey of U.S. Dental Schools
Authors: Kim Aram , Candamo Fiorella , Wee Alvin G. , Yuan Judy Chia‐Chun , Garcia Lily T.
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the educational methods and tools used to teach tooth prognosis and treatment complexity determination in U.S. predoctoral dental programs. In 2018, an online survey was emailed to the academic deans of all 66 accredited U.S. dental schools. Of these, 42 schools responded (63.6%), and 36 schools completed the entire survey (54.5%). The methods reported for teaching tooth prognosis and case complexity determination varied widely among the participating schools. Among the respondents, 25% reported using the American Association of Endodontists' Endodontic Case Difficulty Assessment, while 10% reported having no specific method for teaching prognosis. The most common method for teaching overall treatment complexity was the Prosthodontic Diagnostic Index, which was used by 24% of the respondents. However, another 24% reported that their school did not have a specific method for teaching treatment complexity. Large percentages of the respondents reported that students sometimes or often made wrong tooth prognosis and case complexity determination (90% and 92%, respectively). The most prominent feedback provided by the respondents based on their experience was the importance of faculty standardization, the understanding of students' inexperience, and the need for an interdisciplinary approach. The majority of these respondents reported that their schools had specific methods of teaching prognosis and case complexity determination. However, there was a wide range of teaching practices related to the contents and levels of evidence.
Dental School Patient Preferences for Receiving and Returning Patient Satisfaction Surveys
Authors: Coolidge Trilby , Tangcharoensiri Sovipa , Chan Daniel C.N. , Phillips Sandra L.
Published: August 2019

The aims of this study were to investigate dental school patient, parent, and caregiver preferences for receiving and returning patient satisfaction surveys and to determine how modes of receiving and returning surveys impacted return rates. Two studies were conducted, both of which are reported. In Study 1, adult patients, parents of child patients, and caregivers of patients with special needs were asked to indicate their preferred mode of receiving and returning surveys. In Study 2, patients, parents, and caregivers were randomly assigned to different modes of receiving and returning surveys, and return rates were compared between modes and according to whether the individuals had been assigned to their preferred mode or not. The overall response rates were 90.4% for the first study and 48.1% for the second study. In both studies, the preferred mode was receiving and returning the survey in the clinic (chi‐square=84.902 and 32.116; df=3; p<0.001). Younger respondents were more likely to prefer receiving and returning the survey by email (K‐W statistics=13.406, 10.241; df=3; p=0.004 and 0.017). In Study 2, respondents were significantly more likely to return surveys in the clinic (chi‐square=44.994; df=2; p<0.001) and were also significantly more likely to return surveys if they had received them in their preferred mode (binomial test p<0.001). Although receiving and returning the survey in the clinic was the preferred mode, these respondents' preferences were also related to their age. These results suggest that dental school clinics may be able to expect higher return rates if they can follow patients' preferences for receipt and delivery of surveys.
Evaluation of Faculty Mentoring Practices in Seven U.S. Dental Schools
Authors: Al‐Jewair Thikriat , Herbert Amy Kristina , Leggitt V. Leroy , Ware Tawana Lee , Hogge Maritzabel , Senior Cynthia , Carr Rebecca K. , Da Silva John D.
Published: August 2019

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to examine the faculty mentoring practices in seven dental schools in the U.S. A 34‐item survey was administered electronically to dental faculty members of all ranks, tracks, and job categories in seven dental schools using faculty listservs. Survey questions addressed current mentoring practices in which the faculty members were involved; their perceptions of those mentoring practices; their perceived characteristics of an ideal mentoring program, mentor, and mentee; perceived best practices; and respondents’ demographics. The survey was conducted from October 2017 to February 2018. A total of 154 surveys were completed (response rate 22%). Over 58% (90/154) of the respondents reported receiving no mentoring; 31.9% (49/154) said they received informal mentoring; and 9.7% (15/154) received formal mentoring. Of the 64 respondents who received mentoring, both formal and informal, 92.2% (59/64) were full‐time faculty, and 7.8% (5/64) were part‐time faculty (p=0.001). Approximately 39% of the respondents indicated that their mentoring program was not overseen by anyone and that participation was voluntary. The top three perceived benefits of mentoring were increased overall professional development, development of a career plan, and increased professional networks. The three most important characteristics of an ideal mentoring program for the respondents were a program based on the needs of the mentee, a mentor who has the desire to help the mentee, and a mentee who is eager to learn. The results of this study showed a very low level of formal or informal faculty mentoring programs in the dental schools surveyed. Future studies are needed to determine best practices and strategies to expand and enhance mentoring of faculty members.
Editorial
Authors: Ferraz Renato
Published: August 2019

O primeiro número do ano de 2019 do International Journal of Health Management Review apresenta uma abordagem multidisciplinar, discutindo desde conceitos relacionados à nutrição, passando pelo teste de um protocolo específico de saúde, pela discussão de caráter qualitativo relacionada às instituições de longa permanência, até finalizar com uma visão gerencial sobre a formação específica do profissional de saúde como um gestor educacional. [...]
Changes in Vegetation on Mount Agung Volcano Bali Indonesia
Authors: Sutomo Sutomo , Wahab Luthfi
Published: August 2019

Volcanic activity is a major natural disturbance that can catastrophically change an ecosystem over a short time scale. The eruption of Mt. Agung strato-volcano in 1963-1964 was considered among the most important volcanic event of the 20th century due to its effect on global climate. Studies on vegetation and landscape of Mt. Agung post-1970-1980 has been scarce. The current eruption of Mount Agung in June-July 2018, brought awareness of the importance urge to document the past and current landscape along with vegetation on Mt. Agung. Our study aimed to utilize remote sensing technique to explore the pattern of current (2017) land cover and vegetation density on Mt. Agung and estimate of vegetated areas and whether it has changed from the past. LANDSAT 8 images (www.earthexplorer.usgs.gov/) were used in this study. Supervised classification in ENVI was employed to obtain land use or land cover of the Mt. Agung area. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was also calculated using the feature in the ARC GIS. Online web-based application, REMAP was used to obtain information on past and present condition of the crater of Mt. Agung to see whether there have been changes in vegetated areas around the crater using REMAP (www.remap-app.org). Results showed there are basically five main landcover that can be recognized namely forest (20758.23 ha), settlement (4058.37 ha), water area (41606.64 ha), open area (15335.64 ha) and farming (34554.78 ha). Our NDVI analysis also resulted in areas with have high density (78836.04 ha), medium density (15490.26 ha) and also no vegetation (31008.24 ha). Using web-based GIS application REMAP, we found that there has been an increase (approximately 1 km2) in vegetation cover from the 1980s to 2016.  The changes in vegetation near the crater of Mt. Agung is relatively slow when compared to another volcano such as Mt. Merapi. Remote sensing application has enabled us to obtain information on vegetation change relatively easily compared to conduct an extensive on-ground survey where more time and funding is needed.
Variability and Intra-Specific Classification of Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) from Timor Island based on Morphological Characters
Authors: Bria Emilia Juliyanti , Suharyanto E. , Purnomo Purnomo
Published: August 2019

Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is a species of beans which originating from the regions of Central America and Andes Mountains. Lima bean in Timor Island is underutilized although these plant growth there and have many variations. This study aims to determine the diversity of lima beans on Timor Island based on morphological characters. Samples were collected by survey methods from three districts on the island of Timor. Morphological traits related to the vegetative and flowering stages and mature seeds morphology were scored using the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute lima bean descriptors with a soft modification. The similarity index is calculated using the General Similarity Coefficient Gower formula. The dendogram is generated from cluster analysis using the Unweighted Pair Group Methods using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) method. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the role of each morphological character used. The dendogram shows that 23 collected accessions are divided into two main clusters with a 57% similarity index. The two clusters are distinguished based on the presence or absence of secondary colors and secondary patterns in the seed organs. Then, each main cluster is divided into two subclasses based on the character of the pigmentation stem, the length of the terminal leaflets, flower color, and seed type.
Pulau Bali dalam Pandangan Dunia Penyair Indonesia
Authors: Safitri Gita , Fitriani Nurul , Wahyuni Ninda
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pandangan para penyair terhadap pulau Bali yang dituangkan dalam karyanya. Fokus penelitian ini adalah menyoroti pandangan dunia pengarang dalam menciptakan puisi tentang pulau Bali. Untuk mengupas tuntas hal tersebut digunakan teori strukturalisme genetik Lucien Goldmann. Teori ini digunakan sebagai upaya pengungkapan pandangan penyair terhadap kondisi masyarakat Bali yang nantinya dijadikan bahan imajinasi penyair. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kumpulan puisi dari empat penyair, yaitu WS Rendra Sajak Pulau Bali, Wayan Jengki Sunarta Selat Bali, Eka Budianta Pada Selembar Daun Gugur, dan Ketut Yuliarsa Hari Raya Pohon. Data yang digunakan berupa diksi-diksi bernilai estetik. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara studi dokumen. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pengarang menggunakan sisi pandang yang berbeda-beda dalam mengambarkan pulau Bali. Pertama, WS Rendra menggunakan sisi pandang keburukan yang dimiliki Bali secara menyeluruh, mulai dari persoalan sosial hingga kebudayaan. Kedua, Wayan Jengki Sunarta mengunakan sisi pandang yang dimiliki Bali dengan titik fokus pada permasalahan sosial masyarakatnya. Ketiga, Eka Budianta menggunakan sisi pandang tragedi sejarah yang pernah terjadi di Bali. Keempat, Ketut Yuliarsa mengunakan sisi pandang kekayaan budaya yang dimiliki Bali.
Perilaku Konsumsi Masyarakat Urban Pada Produk Kopi Ala Starbucks
Authors: Afdholy Nadya
Published: August 2019

Kopi Starbucks merupakan produk kopi yang menandakan nilai prestise yang tinggi bagi para penikmatnya karena harganya yang tergolong mahal. Bagi konsumen yang berpendapatan tinggi, tentu bukan hal yang sulit untuk mengonsumsi kopi Starbucks, namun bagi yang berpendapatan rendah mungkin akan berpikir ulang untuk mengonsumsi produk tersebut. Munculnya brand kopi ala Starbucks menunjukkan bahwa saat ini banyak animo masyarakat yang menginginkan kopi tetapi mereka juga melihat keadaan ekonomi mereka yang seutuhnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pembentukan identitas yang dimunculkan oleh para konsumen pada produk imitasi ala Starbucks dengan memanfaatkan teori simulakrum dari Jean Baudrillard. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di Kafe Starmug’s, Kelurahan Keputih, Kecamatan Sukolilo, Kota Surabaya. Sumber data penelitian yaitu hasil wawancara dengan berbagai informan yang merupakan beberapa orang pekerja dan juga mahasiswa di Surabaya yang disebut masyarakat urban. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dan interpretasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan dan memaknai data yang telah diperoleh. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik konsumsi kopi ala Starbucks merupakan bentukan konsumerisme postmodern, yakni pola konsumsi yang tidak sesuai dengan arti harfiah dari konsumsi, namun lebih mengarah pada konsumsi simbol-simbol. Kata kunci: imitasi, konsumsi, kopi, posmodernisme, Starbucks.