bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional components and physiological activity in different parts
of Centella asiatica
Authors: Eom Hyun-Ju , Shin Hyun Young , Park Hye Jin , Kim Ki Hyun , Kim Ju-Hyoung , Yu Kwang-Won
Published: September 2022

We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the leaf,
stem, and flower of Centella asiatica (CA). CA is widely used
in the medical and cosmetic industries. The leaf contained the highest total
polyphenol content (236.88 mg%) and antioxidant activity when compared to
the stem and flower. The total triterpenoid content was 60.65 mg/g, 54.20 mg/g,
and 12.50 mg/g (leaf, flower, and stem, respectively), indicating the
triterpenoids in the stem were approximately 4 to 5 times lower than the CA leaf
or flower. The cell viability evaluation using RAW 264.7 and HaCaT cells
revealed no significant levels of cytotoxicity (≤ 100
μg/mL). The anti-inflammatory activity assessed
using RAW 264.7 cells revealed the flower had higher activity than the leaf and
stem, with NO (88.3 % – inhibitory rate), TNF-α (64.8
%), IL-6 (65.7 %), and MCP-1 (28.9 %) inhibitory activity.
An analysis of the inflammatory inhibition activity on the skin using HaCaT
cells revealed the flower possessed a potent activity level of IL-6 (72.0
%) and IL-8 (89.4 %) inhibition. Finally, the flower and leaf had
potent physiological effects and functional components. We expect that the leaf
and flowers can be used as functional materials, such as antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory activities.
Perceptual learning improves discrimination while distorting appearance
Authors: Szpiro Sarit F.A. , Burlingham Charlie S. , Simoncelli Eero P. , Carrasco Marisa
Published: September 2022

Perceptual sensitivity often improves with training, a phenomenon known as ‘perceptual learning’. Another important perceptual dimension is appearance, the subjective sense of stimulus magnitude. Are training-induced improvements in sensitivity accompanied by more accurate appearance? Here, we examine this question by measuring both discrimination and estimation capabilities for near-horizontal motion perception, before and after training. Human observers who trained on either discrimination or estimation exhibited improvements in discrimination accuracy alongside increased biases in their estimates away from horizontal. To explain this counterintuitive finding, we developed a computational observer model in which perceptual learning arises from increases in the precision of underlying neural representations. For each observer, the fitted model accounted for both discrimination performance and the distribution of estimates, and their changes after training. Our empirical findings and modeling suggest that learning enhances distinctions between categories, a potentially important aspect of real-world perception and perceptual learning.
Effects of heavy water on protein dynamics studied by molecular dynamics simulation: Focusing on dynamical parameters obtained by quasi-elastic neutron scattering
Authors: Matsuo Tatsuhito
Published: September 2022

Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) is a powerful technique to study protein dynamics. In general, QENS measurements are carried out in D2O solvent whereas functional studies of proteins are conducted in H2O solvent. Therefore, to link the QENS studies with the functional studies and then to understand the molecular basis of protein functions in detail, it is important to investigate the effects of solvent isotopic change on dynamical parameters obtained by QENS. For this purpose, in this study, MD simulations were carried out on hen egg white lysozyme, a well-folded and characterized protein, in H2O and in D2O. The dynamical parameters were extracted from the QENS spectra calculated from the MD trajectories. It was found that isotopic effects depend on energy resolutions and that at the energy resolutions that recent QENS studies often employ, the local dynamical behavior of proteins characterized in D2O more or less reflects that in H2O.
Modeling Global Genomic Instability in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)
Authors: Telliam Gladys , Desterke Christophe , Imeri Jusuf , M’Kacher Radhia , Oudrhiri Noufissa , Balducci Estelle , Fontaine-Arnoux Micheline , Acloque Hervé , Bennaceur-Griscelli Annelise , Turhan Ali G.
Published: September 2022

Using induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) technology, it is now possible to reprogram the primary leukemic cells to pluripotency and generate a major source of stem cells. To determine the feasibility of modeling global genomic instability characterizing chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progression towards blast crisis (BC), we have used a patient-specific iPSC line that has been submitted to in vitro mutagenesis with the mutagenic agent N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Increased genomic instability was validated using g-H2AX and micronuclei assays. As compared to non-mutagenized cultures, these iPSC generated an increased numbers of progenitors (x 5-Fold) which proliferated in liquid cultures with a blast cell morphology. CGH array analyses were performed using ENU-treated iPSC-derived hematopoietic cells in two different time points as compared to leukemic iPSC cultured without ENU. Several cancer genes were found to be involved in the ENU-treated cultures, some known to be altered in leukemia (BLM, IKZF1, NCOA2, ALK, EP300, ERG, MKL1, PHF6 and TET1). Remarkably, transcriptome geodataset GSE4170 (Radich et al., 2006) allowed us to associate 125 of 249 of the aberrations that we detected in CML iPSC, with genes already described during progression of CML to BC (p-value =9.43exp32, after ANOVA with 1000 permutations). 38 most predictive aberrations allowed perfect reclassification of BC and chronic phase samples by unsupervised classification. Among these candidates, eleven of them have been described in CML physiopathology and connected to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance and genomic instability. Overall, these results demonstrated that we have generated for the first time to our knowledge, an in vitro genetic instability model in CML, reproducing genomic events described in patients with BC. This tool using patient-derived iPSC could be of interest to study CML progression, to discover novel targets and eventually to test novel therapies.
Novel ‘GaEl antigenic patches’ identified by ‘reverse epitomics’ approach to design multi-patch vaccines against NIPAH infection, a silent threat to global human health
Authors: Srivastava Sukrit , Kolbe Michael
Published: September 2022

Background

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus that causes lethal encephalitis and respiratory disease with the symptom of endothelial cell-cell fusion. Several NiV outbreaks have been reported since 1999 with nearly annual occurrences in Bangladesh. The outbreaks had high mortality rates ranging from 40 to 90%. No specific vaccine has yet been reported against NiV.

Methodology

Recently, several vaccine candidates and different designs of vaccines composed of epitopes against NiV were proposed. Most of the vaccines target single protein or protein complex subunits of the pathogen. The Multi-epitope vaccines proposed also cover a largely limited number of epitopes and hence their efficiency is still pending. To address the urgent need for a specific and effective vaccine against NiV infection in the present study, we have utilized the ‘Reverse Epitomics’ approach (“overlapping-epitope-clusters-to-patches” method) to identify ‘antigenic patches’ (Ag-Patches) and utilize them as immunogenic composition for Multi-Patch vaccine (MPV) design. The designed MPVs were analyzed for immunologically crucial parameters, physiochemical properties and interaction with Toll-like receptor 3 ectodomain.

Results

In total 30 CTL (Cytotoxic T lymphocyte) and 27 HTL (Helper T lymphocytes) antigenic patches were identified from the entire NiV proteome based on the clusters of overlapping epitopes. These identified Ag-Patches cover a total of discreet 362 CTL and 414 HTL epitopes from entire proteome of NiV. The antigenic patches were utilized as immunogenic composition for the design of two CTL and two HTL multi-patch vaccines. The 57 antigenic patches utilized here cover 776 overlapping epitopes targeting 52 different HLA class I and II alleles providing a global ethnically distributed human population coverage of 99.71%. Such large number of epitope coverage resulting in large human population coverage cannot be reached with single protein/subunit or multi-epitope based vaccines. The reported antigenic patches also provide potential immunogenic composition for early detection diagnostic kits for NiV infection. Further, all the MPVs & Toll-Like Receptor ectodomain complexes show stable nature of molecular interaction with numerous hydrogen bonds, salt bridges and non-bounded contacts formation and acceptable root mean square deviation and fluctuation. The cDNA analysis show a favorable large scale expression of the MPV constructs in human cell line.

Conclusion

By utilizing the novel ‘Reverse epitomics’ approach highly immunogenic novel ‘GaEl antigenic patches’ (GaEl Ag-Patches) a synonym term for ‘antigenic patches’, were identified and utilized as immunogenic composition to design four MPVs against NiV. We conclude that the novel Multi-Patch Vaccines is a potential candidate to combat NiV, with greater effectiveness, high specificity and large human population coverage worldwide.
Positive effects of tree diversity on tropical forest restoration in a field-scale experiment
Authors: Veryard Ryan , Wu Jinhui , O’Brien Michael J. , Anthony Rosila , Both Sabine , Burslem David F.R.P. , Chen Bin , Cagigal Elena Fernandez-Miranda , J. Godfray H. Charles , Godoong Elia , Liang Shunlin , Saner Philippe , Schmid Bernhard , Wai Yap Sau , Xie Jun , Reynolds Glen , Hector Andy
Published: September 2022

Experiments under controlled conditions have established that ecosystem functioning is generally positively related to levels of biodiversity, but it is unclear how widespread these effects are in real-world settings and whether they can be harnessed for ecosystem restoration. We used a long-term, field-scale tropical restoration experiment to test how the diversity of planted trees affected recovery measured across a 500 ha area of selectively logged forest using multiple sources of satellite data. Replanting with species rich mixtures of tree seedlings that had higher phylogenetic and functional diversity accelerated restoration rates. Our results are consistent with a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the lowland dipterocarp rainforests of SE Asia and demonstrate that using diverse mixtures of species can enhance initial recovery after logging.
Loss of FBXO11 function establishes a stem cell program in acute myeloid leukemia through dysregulation of mitochondrial LONP1
Authors: Mo Angela Ya-Chi , Kincross Hayle , Wang Xuan , Chang Linda Ya-Ting , Duns Gerben , Mey Franziska , Zhu Zurui , Kwan Harwood , Lau Tammy , Docking T. Roderick , Tran Jessica , Colborne Shane , Cheng Se-Wing Grace , Huang Shujun , Gharaee Nadia , Willie Elijah , Jiang Jihong , Parker Jeremy , Bridgers Joshua , Wood Davis , Geltink Ramon Klein , Morin Gregg B. , Karsan Aly
Published: September 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer with very poor outcomes. To identify additional drivers of leukemogenesis, we analyzed sequence data from 1,727 unique individual AML patients, which revealed mutations in ubiquitin ligase family genes in 11.2% of adult AML samples with mutual exclusivity. The Skp1/Cul1/Fbox (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex geneFBXO11was the most significantly downregulated gene of the SCF complex in AML. FBXO11 catalyzes K63-linked ubiquitination of a novel target, LONP1, which promotes entry into mitochondria, thereby enhancing mitochondrial respiration. Reduced mitochondrial respiration secondary toFBXO11depletion imparts myeloid-biased stem cell properties in primary CD34+hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPC). In a human xenograft model, depletion of FBXO11 cooperated withAML1-ETOand mutantKRASG12Dto generate serially transplantable AML enriched for primitive cells. Our findings suggest that reduced FBXO11 primes HSPC for myeloid-biased self-renewal through attenuation of LONP1-mediated regulation of mitochondrial respiration.
Transiently heritable fates and quorum sensing drive early IFN-I response dynamics
Authors: Van Eyndhoven Laura C. , Verberne Vincent P.G. , Bouten Carlijn V.C. , Singh Abhyudai , Tel Jurjen
Published: September 2022

Type I Interferon (IFN-I)-mediated antiviral responses are central to host defense against viral infections. Crucial is the tight and well-orchestrated control of cellular decision-making leading to the production of IFN-Is. Innovative single-cell approaches revealed that the initiation of IFN-I production is only limited to a fraction of 1-3% of the total population, both found in vitro and in vivo, which were thought to be stochastically regulated. To challenge this dogma, we addressed the influence of various host-intrinsic factors, both stochastic and epigenetic, on dictating early IFN-I responses. Hypomethylating drugs increased the percentage of responding cells. Next, with the classical Luria-Delbrück fluctuation test, we provided evidence that the fate of becoming a responding cell is transiently heritable. Finally, while studying varying cell-densities, we substantiated an important role for quorum sensing, which was verified by mathematical modeling. Together, this systems immunology approach opens up new avenues to progress the fundamental understanding of cellular decision-making during early IFN-I responses, which can be translated to other (immune) signaling systems, and ultimately will improve IFN-I based immune therapies.
Fanconi anemia-isogenic head and neck cancer cell line pairs - a basic and translational science resource
Authors: Nguyen H. Tai , Tang Weiliang , Webster Andrew L.H. , Whiteaker Jeffrey R. , Chandler Christopher M. , Errazquin Ricardo , Sullivan Lucas B. , Jonlin Erica , Hoskins Elizabeth E. , Chen Eleanor Y. , Fritzke Madeline , Paulovich Amanda G. , Wells Susanne I. , Roohollahi Khashayar , Dorsman Josephine , Brakenhoff Ruud , Garcia-Escudero Ramon , Smogorzewska Agata , Wakefield Leslie , Grompe Markus , Monnat Raymond J.
Published: September 2022

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a heritable malformation, bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition syndrome that confers an exceptionally high risk of developing carcinomas arising in squamous mucosal epithelia lining the mouth, proximal esophagus, vulva and anus. The origin of these cancers is not understood, and no effective way has been identified to prevent or delay their appearance. FA-associated carcinomas are also therapeutically challenging, as they may be multi-focal and stage-advanced at diagnosis making surgical control challenging. Moreover, individuals with FA have systemic DNA damage hypersensitivity and thus an elevated risk of toxicity when treated with standard-of-care therapies such as DNA cross-linking drugs and ionizing radiation.

We developed the Fanconi Anemia Cancer Cell Line Resource (FA-CCLR) in order to foster new research on the origins, treatment, and prevention of FA-associated cancers. The FA-CCLR consists of FANC-isogenic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line pairs from cancers arising in individuals with FA, or newly engineered from sporadic HNSCC cell lines. Molecular, cellular, and biochemical analyses were used to demonstrate the causal dependence of key FA-associated phenotypes on FANC genotype, expression and pathway activity. These FANC-isogenic cell line pairs are available to academic and non-profit investigators, with ordering information available at the ‘Fanconi Anemia Research Materials’ Resource and Repository at Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland OR.

Significance

We have generated new isogenic cancer cell line models to investigate the origins, treatment and prevention of Fanconi anemia-associated squamous carcinomas that target the oral mucosa, proximal esophagus, and anogenital region.
Ecological succession revisited from a temporal beta-diversity perspective
Authors: Nakadai Ryosuke , Suzuki Satoshi N.
Published: September 2022

Ecological succession, which is the community re-assembly process after a disturbance, is a study topic receiving renewed attention in relation to anthropogenic disturbance as well as one of the most classical ones in ecology. Previous studies occasionally revealed that compositional shifts decrease toward late succession stages and discussed the potential links with species life history and longevity. However, clear empirical evidence is not available until now because of limited analytical approaches. Therefore, traditional approaches used in previous studies could not quantify the relative contribution of demographic processes to apparent compositional shifts in communities.

In the present study, we aimed to understand ecological succession processes by revealing the patterns of temporal beta diversity based on both conventional Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and recently developed individual-based dissimilarity indices using a long-term dataset. Specifically, we used published forest inventory data from permanent forest plots in cool temperate forests along a secondary successional chronosequence, with stands at 17 to 106 years post clear-cutting.

We clearly demonstrated the detailed patterns of temporal beta-diversity indices (i.e., conventional Bray–Curtis dissimilarity and individual-based dissimilarity indices) based on stem number and stem basal area along long-term chronosequences across approximately one hundred years.

Synthesis. Using a long-term forest inventory dataset, this study demonstrated the link between the apparent compositional shifts and the changes in each component of the demographic processes (i.e., recruitment, growth, and mortality) during secondary forest succession in the context of temporal beta diversity. As done in this study, future research on changes in community composition during ecological successions at various sites and systems will help elucidate the relationships between temporal changes in global biodiversity and the impact of anthropogenic environmental changes.
Tumor microenvironment impaired T cell antigen recognition and function were restored by Lovastatin therapy
Authors: Yuan Zhou , O’Melia Meghan J. , Li Kaitao , Lyu Jintian , Rosado Aaron M. , Watson Valencia E. , Ashkezari Amir Hossein Kazemipour , Zhou Fangyuan , Kansal Vikash , Kinney Brendan , Travaglino Stefano , Doudy Larissa O. , Noel Richard K. , Lucas Samuel N. , Kong Steven Lingyang , Jothikumar Prithiviraj , Rohner Nathan A. , Manspeaker Margaret P. , Francis David M. , Bai Ke , Ge Chenghao , Rushdi Muaz N. , Chingozha Loice , Ruipérez-Campillo Samuel , Jiang Ning , Lu Hang , Schmitt Nicole C. , Thomas Susan N. , Zhu Cheng
Published: September 2022

CD8+T cells underpin effective anti-tumor immune responses in melanoma; however, their functions are attenuated due to various immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in disease progression. T cell function is elicited by the T cell receptor (TCR), which recognizes antigen peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) expressed on tumor cells via direct physical contact, i.e., two-dimensional (2D) interaction. TCR–pMHC 2D affinity plays a central role in antigen recognition and discrimination, and is sensitive to both the conditions of the T cell and the microenvironment in which it resides. Herein, we demonstrate that CD8+T cells residing in TME have lower 2D TCR–pMHC bimolecular affinity and TCR–pMHC–CD8 trimolecular avidity, pull fewer TCR–pMHC bonds by endogenous forces, flux lower level of intracellular calcium in response to antigen stimulation, exhibit impairedin vivoactivation, and show diminished anti-tumor effector function. These detrimental effects are localized in the tumor and tumor draining lymph node (TdLN), and affect both antigen-inexperienced and antigen-experienced CD8+T cells irrespective of their TCR specificities. These findings implicate impaired antigen recognition as a mechanism of T cell dysfunction in the TME.
Tumor suppressor p53 deficiency increases tumor immunogenicity through promoting IL33-mediated anti-tumor immune responses
Authors: Li Yang , Gao David Shihong , Yi Lixian , Gao Fei , Sun Runzi , Lu Kevin Kai , Xu Junchi , Shoush Jason , Kykrou Zoi , Liang Minxin , Lu Binfeng
Published: September 2022

Recent studies have shown that p53 contributes to poor survival during immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Lung cancer patients with p53 mutations have significantly improved response rates to PD-1 ICB therapy. While previous studies have shown that tumor-derived IL-33 is required for the anti-tumor immune response and efficacy of ICB therapies, the relationship between p53 and IL-33 during ICB therapy is unknown. In this study, we characterized the role of the p53/IL-33 axis in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) in response to ICB therapy. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of Trp53 in tumor cells combined with PD-1 ICB therapy synergistically inhibited tumor growth in a murine MC38 colon adenocarcinoma model. We observed increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration, as well as reduced Treg infiltration. IL-33 was upregulated and its expression increased with time and response to treatment. Simultaneous deletion of Il33 in the MC38 tumor cells reversed the efficacy of PD-1 ICB therapy. ST2-/-(IL-33 receptor) mice with Trp53-deficient MC38 tumors also showed no response to PD-1 ICB. Our findings depict a novel mechanism by which the loss of p53 in tumors treated with ICB therapy induces upregulation of tumoral IL-33 and host ST2 signaling. p53 mutations may be a double-edged sword for cancer, i.e. loss of the tumor suppressor initially facilitates tumorigenesis, but also leads to upregulation of danger signals in the tumor. These danger signals, such as IL-33, mediate the anti-tumor effect of ICB.
Transcriptome analysis of the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria brassicae reveals a biphasic mode of pathogenesis in Brassica juncea
Authors: Rajarammohan Sivasubramanian
Published: September 2022

Alternaria blight or leaf spot caused by Alternaria brassicae has an enormous economic impact on the Brassica crops grown worldwide. Although the genome of A. brassicae has been sequenced, little is known about the genes that play a role during the infection of the host species. In this study, the transcriptome expression profile of A. brassicae during growth and infection was determined. Differential expression analysis revealed that 3921 genes were differentially expressed during infection. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis helped identify nine modules, which were highly correlated with growth and infection. Subsequent gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the modules highlighted the involvement of biological processes such as toxin metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, polysaccharide catabolism, copper ion transport, and vesicular trafficking during infection. Additionally, 194 CAZymes and 64 potential effectors were significantly upregulated during infection. Furthermore, 17 secondary metabolite gene clusters were also differentially expressed during infection. The clusters responsible for the production of Destruxin B, Brassicicene C, and HC-toxin were significantly upregulated during infection. Collectively, these results provide an overview of the critical pathways underlying the pathogenesis of A. brassicae and highlight the distinct gene networks that are temporally regulated, resulting in a biphasic mode of infection. The study thus provides novel insights into the transcriptional plasticity of a necrotrophic pathogen during infection of its host. Additionally, the in planta expression evidence for many potential effectors provides a theoretical basis for further investigations into the effector biology of necrotrophic pathogens such as A. brassicae.
Cross-Modal Representation of Identity in Primate Hippocampus
Authors: Tyree Timothy J , Metke Michael , Miller Cory T
Published: September 2022

Faces and voices are the dominant social signals used to recognize individuals amongst human and nonhuman primates (1–4). Yet it is not known how these critical signals are integrated into a cross-modal representation of individual identity in the primate brain. Here we show that while, like humans (5–7), single neurons in the marmoset hippocampus exhibit selective responses when presented with the face or voice of a specific individual conspecific, a parallel mechanism for representing the cross-modal identities for multiple individuals is evident within single neurons and at a population level. Manifold projections likewise showed separability of individuals, as well as clustering for others’ families, suggesting that multiple learned social categories are encoded as related dimensions of identity in hippocampus. These findings demonstrate that neural representations of identity in hippocampus are both modality-independent and reflect the hierarchical structure of the primate social network.

One-Sentence Summary

We show that cross-modal representations of identity in primate hippocampus can be achieved by at least two distinct neural mechanisms and comprise multiple social categories that reflect different relationships.
Hourglass, a tool to mine bioimaging data, uncovers sex-disparities in the IL-6-associated T cell response in pancreatic tumors
Authors: Aliar Kazeera , Waterhouse Henry R. , Vyas Foram , Krebs Niklas , Poulton Emily , Zhang Bowen , Chan Nathan , Bronsert Peter , Fischer Sandra E. , Gallinger Steven , Grünwald Barbara T. , Khokha Rama
Published: September 2022

Recent advances in digital pathology have led to an explosion in high-content multidimensional imaging approaches. Yet, our ability to gainfully process, visualize, integrate and mine the resulting mass of bioimaging data remains a challenge. We have developed Hourglass, an open access user-friendly software that streamlines complex biology-driven post-processing and visualization of multiparametric data. Directed at datasets derived from tissue microarrays or imaging methods that analyze multiple regions of interest per patient specimen, Hourglass systematically organizes observations across spatial and global levels as well as within patient subgroups. Application of Hourglass to our large and complex pancreatic cancer bioimaging dataset (540,617 datapoints derived from 26 bioimaging analyses applied to 596 specimens from 165 patients) consolidated a breadth of known IL-6 functions in a well-annotated human pancreatic cancer cohort and uncovered new unprecedented insights into a sex-linked Interleukin-6 (IL-6) association with immune phenotypes. Specifically, regional effects of IL-6 on the intratumoral T cell response were restricted to male patients only. In conclusion, Hourglass facilitates multi-layered knowledge extraction from complex multiparametric bioimaging datasets and provides tailored analytical means to productively harness heterogeneity at the sample and patient level.
The ribosome quality control factors Asc1 and Hel2 regulate the expression of HSP70 during heat shock and recovery
Authors: Boopathy Lokha R. Alagar , Beadle Emma , Xiao Alan , Rico Aitana Garcia-Bueno , Alecki Celia , de-Andres Irene Garcia , Vera Maria
Published: September 2022

Cells rapidly adapt to survive harsh environmental conditions through the potent upregulation of molecular chaperones or heat shock proteins (HSPs). The inducible members of the HSP70 family are the fastest and most transcriptionally induced chaperone upon stress. TheHSP70mRNA life cycle regulation in the cytoplasm is unique because it is translated during stress when general translation is repressed and rapidly degraded once conditions are optimal for growth. Contrary to the role of theHSP70mRNA 5’ untranslated region in maximizing the synthesis of HSP70, we discovered that the coding sequence (CDS) represses its translation through the ribosome quality control (RQC) mechanism. The CDS of the most inducible HSP70 inSaccharomyces cerevisiae, SSA4, is uniquely biased with low-frequency codons that promote ribosome stalling during heat stress. The stalled ribosomes are recognized by RQC components Asc1p and Hel2p and two ribosome proteins, Rps28A and Rps19B, that we identified as new RQC components. Surprisingly, RQC does not signal the degradation of theSSA4mRNA by no-go-decay (NGD). Instead, Asc1p destabilizes theSSA4mRNA during recovery from heat stress by a mechanism independent of its ribosome binding andSSA4CDS codon optimality. Therefore, Asc1p operates two synergistic mechanisms that converge to regulate the life cycle ofHSP70mRNA during stress and recovery. Our research identifies Asc1p as a critical regulator of the stress response and RQC as the system tuning HSP70 synthesis.
Principles-based risk regulatory reforms and management control practices: a field study
Authors: Mahama Habib , Rana Tarek , Marjoribanks Timothy , Elbashir Mohamed Z.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Government reforms have seen shifts from rules-based to principles-based risk regulatory governance. This paper examines the effects of principles-based risk regulatory reforms on public sector risk management (RM) and management control practices in public sector organizations (PSOs).

Design/methodology/approach

The principles-based regulation focuses on providing autonomy to PSOs while maintaining control over their actions without direct intervention. This resonates with Foucault's notion of how modern forms of governments operate. The research is informed by Foucault's concept of governmentality. The authors conducted a qualitative field study of an Australian PSO, gathering and analysing data from interviews, focus groups, and archival documents.

Findings

The findings show the capillary modes by which principles-based risk regulatory regime penetrates and works with management control practices in pursuit of regulatory goals within the PSO the authors studied. In addition, the authors find that the principles-based approach (focusing on autonomy) and rules-based approach (focusing on control) are not opposites in kind and effect but rather, autonomy should be understood as a central pillar of control. Furthermore, the findings show how cultural controls and formal controls are not in conflict but are interconnected in RM practices, with cultural controls providing control architecture for RM and formal control translating the control architecture into routines. Finally, the study provides insights into how enterprise risk management (ERM) provides capabilities for and routinizes RM practices in a PSO and the management control systems (MCS) that enabled this to occur.

Originality/value

The paper provides novel insights into how MCS are infiltrated, mobilized and deployed to enact principles-based risk regulatory reforms. These insights are useful for regulators, practitioners and researchers.
Authenticity: shedding light on the branding context
Authors: Rosado-Pinto Filipa , Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to systematically review authenticity in the branding context and suggest avenues for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies a systematic literature review process and analyzes a total of 171 articles published from 1988 to 2021 and three items that are books or book chapters.

Findings

Brand authenticity has several definitions and dimensions. Although some common ground can be found among researchers, the study of authenticity is very fragmented. Even so, brand authenticity is often associated with a brand being genuine, real, true to itself and its consumers, and with consistent behavior, reflecting its values. A growing number of studies about the topic have been published, most of them empirical, applied in different industries and different geographical contexts. The authors also present several constructs associated with the topic (antecedents and consequences). Finally, this study shows paths for scholars to build on.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitations are associated with the inherent subjectivity related to the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined to select articles for the analysis.

Originality/value

This systematic review maps the past, structures existing knowledge about authenticity in the branding context, and sheds light on what could be future research in this field.
Beware the predatory shopper: exploring social vigilantism and proactivity in the exploitation of online pricing mistakes
Authors: Hancock Tyler , Adams Frank G. , Breazeale Michael , Lueg Jason E. , Shanahan Kevin J.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The authors provide an example of a group of online shoppers exploiting a pricing mistake and exploring the drivers of predatory shopping that may harm online retailers. This paper aims to examine the role of social vigilantism, proactivity and self-presentation in driving individual predatory shopping behaviors and delivers a broader understanding of how these behaviors develop in online communities.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a mixed-methods sequential research model. In Study 1, the authors explore predatory shopping by using a netnographic textual approach to analyze an online forum engaging in predatory shopping. In Study 2, the authors empirically analyze the uncovered conceptual findings using the PROCESS macro.

Findings

Customers who engage in predatory shopping online exhibit social vigilantism when communicating their views to others and proactively seeking out pricing mistakes and opportunities. Customers engaging in predatory shopping adapt their presentation online to increase their chances of success; this effect is strengthened by the online disinhibition effect.

Practical implications

Predatory shoppers can actively seek out pricing mistakes online, encourage participation and exploit mistakes by adapting their self-presentation. Therefore, online retailers should be proactive and consistent when communicating with customers and collaborating to deter predatory shopping. In addition, online retailers should focus on building advocates in communities to prevent harm from predatory shoppers online.

Originality/value

Online predatory shopping is explored qualitatively and quantitatively to understand the propensities that can drive predatory behavior and provide warning signs for online retailers. In addition, the effects of predatory shopping drivers are analyzed in the presence of the online disinhibition effect.
Career development in the hospitality sector: an exploratory study from Pakistan
Authors: Murtza Muhammad Hamid , Khizar Hafiz Muhammad Usman , Gill Shahzad Ali , Iqbal Syed Muhammad Javed , Javaid Saba
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This qualitative study deals with the career longevity phenomenon in the hospitality sector of Pakistan and aimed at exploring the factors which become the reason for continuing services in this sector for a longer period despite the prevailing perception of the short-term and unsatisfactory hospitality careers.

Design/methodology/approach

The study has taken up an interpretive social constructivism approach to carry out the research. The purposive sampling technique is used to solicit expert insights into the dynamics of the hospitality career. A thematic analysis was employed to identify the common themes, extract the meaning from the discussion patterns of the respondents, and outline viewpoints and ideas of the respondents.

Findings

The findings of the study are discussed at three levels of career, i.e. entry level, development level, and consolidation level. Long careers in the hospitality sector are a product of dedication and commitment to the job, professionalism, variety, complexity of the job, and healthy relationship with coworkers, supervisors, and guests.

Originality/value

The study links the belief of belonging and socialization attributes to the retention of employees in the hospitality sector jobs. Secondly, the study uses a qualitative approach to provide a diverse perspective of employee–industry loyalty rather than employee–organization loyalty. Thirdly, the study brings forth practical implications for personnel managers in the hospitality sector and proposes that the management should systematically stimulate the socialization of the workers to hold the talent despite providing workers with the opportunity to join another sector. Finally, the study informs about research limitations and directions for future research.
Hoarding essential products during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hassi Abderrahman , Storti Giovanna
Published: September 2022

Research methodology

This case was created based on secondary sources available in the public domain (i.e. news articles). This case has been taught in an undergraduate course of principles of management under the chapter on ethics.

Case overview/synopsis

When the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, people panicked and rushed to purchase essential products such as hand sanitizers, antibacterial soaps, disinfectant wipes and face masks. The images of a panicked public inspired the brothers Matt and Noah Colvin who amassed and hoarded stockpiles of these essential products to make immense profit. They claimed that their trade approach was legitimate. Yet by an ironic twist of fate, their unorthodox acts were revealed in the media and consequences came in threes: the public vilified the hoarders, the online marketplaces kicked them out and the authorities opened an investigation about alleged price-gouging practices.

Complexity academic level

This case study may be used in classroom discussions on the concepts of hoarding and price gouging in the following academic programs: bachelor’s in business administration, master of science in business administration and MBA programs. This case study may be used in the following academic courses: ethics in business, responsible management, fundamental of management and organizational behavior.
What innovations would enable the tourism and hospitality industry in Africa to re-build?
Authors: Bama Hilary Kennedy Nji , Nyathela-Sunday Tshinakaho , Makuzva Washington
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper discusses the outcomes of an exploratory study into the innovations, adaptations, and best practices that the tourism and hospitality sector in Africa should implement in dealing with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-induced disruptions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper was based on data collected through qualitative approaches by reviewing published academic articles and unpublished documents, including websites, media reports and global public health entities such as the World Health Organization (WHO). Because of the lack of reliable data in some cases, this study is inductive in nature.

Findings

The main finding of this research suggests that Africa which is seemingly the least affected in infection and casualty rates has conversely borne the brunt of the negative responses from the global community in travel restrictions and mobility curtailment. Overwhelming trends suggest the domestic tourism market does not have the spending capacity of international visitors who arrive with foreign currency, inevitably main-stream in the form of USD, EURO and GBP, with their spending power estimated at between 1:18 and 1:22. The fragmented, cascaded and sometimes disorganised approach in dealing with policy adoptions and implementation in managing developments around the pandemic further inhibits a compelling approach to continent-wide tourism and hospitality revival.

Originality/value

This paper highlights trends, innovations, and adaptations to COVID-19-related revival strategies for Africa and contributes to academic debates on the topic which, in the Global South context is currently under-researched.
The essential features of Meeting Centres: development of the UK criteria for community support for people affected by dementia
Authors: Evans Shirley , Bray Jennifer , Brooker Dawn , Stephens Nathan
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Meeting Centres (MCs) are a complex community-based psychosocial intervention to support people affected by dementia. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of identifying the essential features of MCs from a UK perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

The essential features were examined within a concept analysis framework, which combines both static and evolutionary methods, enabling multiple stakeholder groups to be included in the process in an iterative manner.

Findings

Eleven essential features were developed, providing a conceptual model of the UK MCs. The underpinning rationale is sufficiently flexible to enable community-based development, while at the same time providing a robust platform upon which to build the evidence base.

Originality/Value

While some features may be common to other types of community-based support, the combination of characteristics and the underpinning ethos differentiates MCs and enables each one to meet the needs of its own community.
Factors predicting burden among male caregivers of older adults with stroke
Authors: Nimitphuwadon Sirinthip , Jullamate Pornchai , Piphatvanitcha Naiyana , Nadarajan Sivasankari , Tabootwong Watchara
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the factors predicting burden among the male caregivers of older adults with stroke.

Design/methodology/approach

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit 98 male caregivers in the outpatient department’s neurological clinic, at Banphaeo General Hospital. Data was collected using six questionnaires: the demographic questionnaire, the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale, the perceived health status interview form, the caregiver and patient relationship interview form, the Barthel ADL index and the Zarit burden interview. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis.

Findings

The male caregivers of older adults with stroke had a mild to moderate level of burden. Factors such as depression of caregivers and activities of daily living of older adults predicted the burden among male caregivers, explaining 53.6% of the variance. The findings imply that nurses can plan new approaches and interventions to alleviate the burden of male caregivers by reducing their depression levels and encouraging activities of daily living in the older adults. In addition, effective programs can be developed to provide informational support to caregivers for reducing their burden level.

Originality/value

Male caregivers with depressive symptoms had an increased caregiving burden. Therefore, health-care professionals should support and formulate guidelines to reduce the burden of caregiving among the male caregivers by considering predictive factors.
The global virome: How much diversity and how many independent origins?
Authors: Koonin Eugene V. , Krupovic Mart , Dolja Valerian V.
Published: September 2022

Viruses are considered to be the most abundant biological entities on earth. They also display striking genetic diversity as emphatically demonstrated by the recent advances of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. But what are the limits of this diversity, that is, how many virus species in the earth virome? By combining the available estimates of the number of prokaryote species with those of the virome size, we obtain back‐of‐the‐envelope estimates of the total number of distinct virus species, which come out astronomically large, from about 107 to about 109. The route of virus origins apparently involved non‐viral replicators capturing and exapting various cellular proteins to become virus capsid subunits. How many times in the history of life has this happened? In other words, how many realms of viruses, the highest rank taxa that are supposed to be monophyletic, comprise the global virome? We argue that viruses emerged on a number (even if far from astronomical) independent occasions, so the number of realms will considerably increase from the current 6, by splitting some of the current realms, giving the realm status to some of the currently unclassified groups of viruses and discovery of new distinct groups.
Identifying solutions to overcome the barriers to pupil participation; a Delphi study of the SEND professional perspective
Authors: Sharma Pooja
Published: September 2022

Professionals who elicit the voice of children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) have a commitment to ensure a person‐centred approach to assessment, as per the Children and Families Act (2014). However, there are recognised barriers to eliciting voice that inhibit meaningful pupil participation within assessments for an Education, Health and Care Plan and in Annual Reviews. A three‐round Delphi method was carried out with eight professionals from one local authority and a local specialist school, in order to develop consensus on the characteristics of meaningful participation and provide solutions to the perceived barriers when eliciting voice. Findings show that the most significant barriers to eliciting pupil's voice include the child or young person's language and cognitive ability, along with their anxieties and fears of meeting professionals. Professionals felt the limits to participation can be overcome by prioritising a child or young person's views within an assessment and using creative methods to elicit their voice. A document of good practice was produced from the findings based on the professionals' feedback. The resulting document could inform training and professional development for SEND professionals when eliciting pupil's voice.
Routine‐based interview in early intervention: professionals' perspectives
Authors: Pereira Ana Paula S. , Jurdi Andrea , Reis Helena Isabel Silva , Sousa Andreia
Published: September 2022

The Routine‐Based Interview is a promising method to collect information in Early Intervention, since it focuses on all members of the family and their routines, while seeking to highlight what parents consider a priority in the intervention. For that reason, in this paper, we aim to analyse the kind of benefits and difficulties that may be found in the Routine‐Based Interview's implementation process. The present research comprises the qualitative interview method, according to which semi‐structured interviews were carried out by eight Portuguese professionals enrolled in the Portuguese System for Early Intervention. The professionals highlight the benefits of the Routine‐Based Interview as a way to clearly and objectively evaluate and identify the concerns and priorities of the family, as well as the child's competencies and the functional goals that will be included in the intervention plan. All participants stress the need for more training in the Routine‐Based Interview process.
The impact of frequent, targeted one‐to‐one conversations on special education learning support
Authors: Bowman Philip , Farrar Emily , Novak Katie
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the impact of structured, five‐to‐seven‐minute, one‐to‐one conversations every other day between the special educator and each student. Retrospective cohort analysis of six years of student grade point average data was used to measure the effect of the one‐to‐one conversations. Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement (Cohen's effect +0.83) in academic outcomes in the one‐to‐one conversations cohort as compared to student outcomes prior to the course and versus the control cohort. These increases persisted in the after‐transition period (Cohen's effect +0.99). Data from student feedback surveys revealed that students perceived one‐to‐one conversations as helpful and self‐identified gains in self‐reflection and independence. These results and their implications for future research and practice are described.