bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective excitation of plasmon resonances with single V-point cylindrical vector beams
Authors: Xu Bo , Heffernan Brendan M. , Bae Kyuyoung , Siemens Mark E. , Gopinath Juliet T. , Park Wounjhang
Published: April 2021

We use a rigorous group theoretical method to identify a class of cylindrical vector beams that can selectively excite the plasmon modes of axially symmetric plasmonic structures. Our choice of the single V-point cylindrical vector beams as the basis to decompose cylindrical beams dramatically simplifies the symmetry analysis in the group theory framework. With numerical simulations, we demonstrate that any plasmon eigenmodes, bright or dark, can be selectively excited individually or jointly. A straightforward protocol to get access to the desired plasmon mode using symmetry coupling is presented.
Long-range multicore optical fiber displacement sensor
Authors: Alonso-Murias Monserrat C. , Monzón-Hernández David , Rodríguez-Quiroz Osvaldo , Antonio-Lopez J. Enrique , Schülzgen Axel , Amezcua-Correa Rodrigo , Villatoro Joel
Published: April 2021

In this Letter, a long-range optical fiber displacement sensor based on an extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (EFPI) built with a strongly coupled multicore fiber (SCMCF) is proposed and demonstrated. To fabricate the device, 9.2 mm of SCMCF was spliced to a conventional single-mode fiber (SMF). The sensor reflection spectrum is affected by super-mode interference in the SCMCF and the interference produced by the EFPI. Displacement of the SMF-SCMCF tip with respect to a reflecting surface produces quantifiable changes in the amplitude and period of the interference pattern in the reflection spectrum. Since the multicore fiber is an efficient light collecting area, sufficient signal intensity can be obtained for displacements of several centimeters. By analyzing the interference pattern in the Fourier domain, it was possible to measure displacements up to 50 mm with a resolution of approximately 500 nm. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a multicore fiber has been used to build a displacement sensor. The dynamic measurement range is at least seven times larger than that achieved with an EFPI built with a conventional SMF. Moreover, the SMF-SCMCF tip is robust and easy to fabricate and replicate.
Spectral caustics of high-order harmonics in one-dimensional periodic crystals
Authors: Chen Jiaxiang , Xia Qinzhi , Fu Libin
Published: April 2021

We theoretically investigate the spectral caustics of high-order harmonics in solids. We analyze the one-dimensional model of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids and find that apart from the caustics originating from the van Hove singularities in the energy band structure, another kind of catastrophe enhancement also emerges in solids when the different branches of electron–hole trajectories generating high-order harmonics coalesce into a single branch. We solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in terms of the periodic potential and demonstrate the control of this kind of singularity in HHG with the aid of two-color laser fields. The diffraction patterns of the harmonic spectrum near the caustics agree well with the interband electron–hole recombination trajectories predicted by the semiconductor semiclassical equation. This work is expected to improve our understanding of the HHG dynamics in solids and enable us to manipulate the harmonic spectrum by adjusting the driving field parameters.
Genome Scale-Differential Flux Analysis reveals deregulation of lung cell metabolism on SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Nanda Piyush , Ghosh Amit
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is posing an unprecedented threat to the whole world. In this regard, it is absolutely imperative to understand the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming of host human cells by SARS-CoV-2. A better understanding of the metabolic alterations would aid in design of better therapeutics to deal with COVID-19 pandemic. We developed an integrated genome-scale metabolic model of normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) infected with SARS-CoV-2 using gene-expression and macromolecular make-up of the virus. The reconstructed model predicts growth rates of the virus in high agreement with the experimental measured values. Furthermore, we report a method for conducting genome-scale differential flux analysis (GS-DFA) in context-specific metabolic models. We apply the method to the context-specific model and identify severely affected metabolic modules predominantly comprising of lipid metabolism. We conduct an integrated analysis of the flux-altered reactions, host-virus protein-protein interaction network and phospho-proteomics data to understand the mechanism of flux alteration in host cells. We show that several enzymes driving the altered reactions inferred by our method to be directly interacting with viral proteins and also undergoing differential phosphorylation under diseased state. In case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, lipid metabolism particularly fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol biosynthesis and beta-oxidation cycle along with arachidonic acid metabolism are predicted to be most affected which confirms with clinical metabolomics studies. GS-DFA can be applied to existing repertoire of high-throughput proteomic or transcriptomic data in diseased condition to understand metabolic deregulation at the level of flux.
Immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Ugandan adults who resist versus those who develop latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Thiel Bonnie A. , Worodria William , Nalukwago Sophie , Nsereko Mary , Sanyu Ingvar , Rejani Lalitha , Zawedde Josephine , Canaday David H. , Stein Catherine M. , Chervenak Keith A. , Malone LaShaunda L. , Kiyemba Ronald , Silver Richard F. , Johnson John L. , Mayanja-Kizza Harriet , Boom W. Henry
Published: April 2021

Background

The search for immune correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in humans is limited by the focus on peripheral blood measures. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) can safely be done and provides insight into cellular function in the lung where infection is first established. In this study, blood and lung samples were assayed to determine if heavily MTB exposed persons who resist development of latent MTB infection (RSTR) vs those who develop latent MTB infection (LTBI), differ in the make-up of resident BAL innate and adaptive immune cells.

Methods

Bronchoscopy was performed on 21 healthy long-term Ugandan RSTR and 25 LTBI participants. Immune cell distributions in BAL and peripheral blood were compared by differential cell counting and flow cytometry.

Results

The bronchoscopy procedure was well tolerated with few adverse reactions. Differential macrophage and lymphocyte frequencies in BAL differed between RSTR and LTBI. When corrected for age, this difference lost statistical significance. BAL CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were almost entirely composed of effector memory T cells in contrast to PBMC, and did not differ between RSTR and LTBI. BAL NKT, γδ T cells and NK cells also did not differ between RTSR and LTBI participants. There was a marginally significant increase (p = 0.034) in CD8 T effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) in PBMC of LTBI vs RSTR participants.

Conclusion

This observational case-control study comparing unstimulated BAL from RSTR vs LTBI, did not find evidence of large differences in the distribution of baseline BAL immune cells. PBMC TEMRA cell percentage was higher in LTBI relative to RSTR suggesting a role in the maintenance of latent MTB infection. Functional immune studies are required to determine if and how RSTR and LTBI BAL immune cells differ in response to MTB.
Comprehensive profiling of the gut microbiota in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of varying severity
Authors: Chiu Yu-Chi , Lee Shih-Wei , Liu Chi-Wei , Lin Rebecca Chou-Jui , Huang Yung-Chia , Lan Tzuo-Yun , Wu Lawrence Shih-Hsin
Published: April 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that reduces lung and respiratory function, with a high mortality rate. Severe and acute deterioration of COPD can easily lead to respiratory failure, resulting in personal, social, and medical burden. Recent studies have shown a high correlation between the gut microbiota and lung inflammation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and COPD severity. A total of 60 COPD patients with varying severity according to GOLD guidelines were enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted from patients’ stool and 16S rRNA data analysis conducted using high-throughput sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis. The richness of the gut microbiota was not associated with COPD severity. The gut microbiome is more similar in stage 1 and 2 COPD than stage 3+4 COPD.FusobacteriumandAerococcuswere more abundant in stage 3+4 COPD. Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group andLachnoclostridiumwere less abundant in stage 2–4, andTyzzerella 4andDialisterwere less abundant in stage 1. However, the abundance of aBacteroideswas associated with blood eosinophils and lung function. This study suggests that no distinctive gut microbiota pattern is associated with the severity of COPD. The gut microbiome could affect COPD by gut inflammation shaping the host immune system.
Democracy in female fast-fashion: A case study in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Shih-Ying
Published: April 2021

This article investigates the influences of fast-fashion on the dynamic performance of dressed bodies of female consumers aged 18–45 in Taiwan, the demographic that most enjoys buying fast-fashion clothing. It analyses the types of fashion democracy that fast-fashions provide Taiwanese female consumers. This article also proposes an alternative qualitative research method and concept that allows researchers to investigate the intricate relationships between clothing, the body and society by reviewing the interactive relationship between clothing patterns and wearers’ bodies. Findings show that Uniqlo is the most popular fast-fashion brand in Taiwan exhibiting fashion democracy for Taiwanese female consumers.
Language, identity and unintelligibility: A case study of the rap group Higher Brothers
Authors: Liu Jin
Published: April 2021

The Chengdu-based quartet Higher Brothers recently became the first China-born hip hop group to gain global fame. As rap music – originally a local, ethnic African American culture in the United States – has been continually relocalized all over the world and thus globalized, the Higher Brothers have undergone another process of glocalization. This presents a new case study to further examine the dynamics between the global and the local. Because rap is an intensely verbal art, this article explores how the Higher Brothers construct and negotiate their complicated and multiple (local, national and global) identities from the perspective of language. It analyses the language used in their songs – Sichuan Chengdu Mandarin, Standard Mandarin (Putonghua) and English – before and after they signed with 88rising, the media company that brought the group to the West. Due to the rappers’ distinctive ways of vocal production, many of their trap-style songs prove hard to understand not only for global audiences but also for most Chinese national audiences and even for the quartet’s local audiences. Drawing on recent studies of mumble rap, this article explores the politics and sonic aesthetics of unintelligibility of the Chinese trap music.
I Hear Your Voice, Young-Ha Kim (2017) (trans. Krys Lee)
Authors: Lea-Henry Jed
Published: April 2021

Review of: I Hear Your Voice, Young-Ha Kim (2017) (trans. Krys Lee)

New York: Mariner Books, 272 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-544-32447-3, p/bk, $13.99
Subtle bodies: Corporeal and material becoming in threshold landscapes
Authors: Pegum Michaela
Published: April 2021

This visual essay charts a series of relational, immersive engagements made between myself and the landscape of the Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges in South Australia as part of my practice-led Ph.D. titled ‘Subtle bodies: Corporeal and material becoming in threshold landscapes’. Within my research I consider this remote environment as a threshold between the earth and its atmosphere and engage with it as a way of exploring the lesser trodden territories of sensed experience and the ways in which knowing and being may unfold here. In this essay I will discuss these encounters with reference to Elizabeth Grosz’s thinking regarding the concepts of affect, becoming and sensation, alongside photographic images of my performative encounters with material in the landscape.
Becoming-unhinged: Walking with vulnerability as a methodology of co-creating and reconnecting new forms of knowledge and possibilities
Authors: Henderson Linda , Burke Geraldine , Clarke Sharryn , Grimmett Helen , Quinones Gloria , Slater Ann , Lam Claudine
Published: April 2021

This article explores the act of walking with vulnerability as a methodology of becoming-unhinged. As walking assemblage, we walk as an assemblage, becoming-unhinged through affective points of contact with the more-than-human world. We consider the act of walking-thinking as an act that forces thought to become-unhinged and, in that moment, permitting thought to come into contact with all kinds of affective points. We move through a dreaming-soulful practice of walking-thinking along coastal treks, with cows, with the moon, with vulnerability and with frames. The meeting of land/water, a full moon, a hillside cemetery, a sculpture park and the use of blindfolds and frames challenge perception- apprehension, while a series of written texts, movement, stillness and contemplative practices activate vulnerability. Our emerging texts speak back to twenty-first-century academia, challenging its normative production of knowledge through the co-creation and re-creation of text/images, producing knowledge differently and opening up possibilities.
Joseph Beuys and the Artistic Education: Theory and Practice of an Artistic Art Education, Carl-Peter Buschkühle (2020)
Authors: Vella Raphael
Published: April 2021

Review of: Joseph Beuys and the Artistic Education: Theory and Practice of an Artistic Art Education, Carl-Peter Buschkühle (2020)

Leiden: Brill/Sense, 238 pp.,

ISBN 978-90-04-42454-8, p/back, €50.00
Cancro da Cabeça e Pescoço: Aspectos Particulares do Cancro Oral
Authors: Carreira Isabel Marques , Ribeiro Ilda Patrícia , Melo Joana Barbosa de
Published: April 2021

A designação “cancro da cabeça e pescoço” (CCP) inclui os tumores que se localizam em diferentes regiões anatómicas como a cavidade oral, a orofaringe e a faringe, bem como outras localizações como o lábio, a nasofaringe, a hipofaringe e a laringe. Neste livro são abordados diferentes conceitos no âmbito do CCP com particular ênfase naqueles que dizem respeito aos tumores da cavidade oral. É feita uma análise da epidemiologia, dos mecanismos moleculares e celulares bem como das particularidades relevantes a ter em consideração para o diagnóstico e terapêutica. São também discutidos aspectos para a promoção da qualidade de vida dos doentes, incluindo o papel da terapia da fala, da actividade física, da nutrição e da gestão do doente com ostomia, bem como considerados os aspectos psicossociais e a importância da reabilitação psicossocial para a optimização do tratamento. Por fim, para além da valorização do rastreio populacional, é explanada a perspectiva do médico de medicina geral e familiar e do médico dentista para o sucesso da prevenção e detecção precoce destas neoplasias.
Innovation Efforts of Small Businesses in Latin America
Authors: Falaster Christian Daniel , Costa Priscila Rezende da
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study: in this paper, we analyze the effects of institutional dynamics on innovation efforts of small businesses in Latin America. Methodology/approach: we use a survey sample of 11,446 small Latin American businesses from The World Bank; The survey comprised answered questions regarding their innovation efforts in the last three years: product innovation, process innovation, and investments in research and development; To assess the effect of institutional dynamics (reforms and reversals), data from the Economic Freedom Index were captured. Main results: we conclude that in small businesses in Latin American countries, innovation efforts may be more linked to the preparation to face an institutionally inefficient environment than to take advantage of the environments that have had an institutional improvement. Theoretical/methodological contributions: these small business movements may be more linked to the search for survival in an uncertain environment, contradicting the expected effects that there would be more innovation efforts when the environment was conducive to it. Relevance/originality: this study is valuable because it allows the analysis of what types of institutional dynamics can lead to what types of responses in innovation efforts of small businesses. Social/management contributions: the study also contributes by demonstrating whether the formulation of institutional reforms can impact small businesses in the Latin American context, thus being important for the development of public policies.
A Systematic Approach towards Transformation of Presentation Web Goal Oriented Requirements Language to Presentation Design Model
Authors: Srivastava Sangeeta
Published: April 2021

A number of modeling approaches are being used to design web applications.However, they mostly focus on design aspects and many a times they are unable to meet the real goal and expectations of the users. Goal Oriented Requirement Engineering is a popular approach for Information system development but has not been explored much for Web applications. Goal driven requirements analysis helps in capturing stakeholders’ goals very finely, they enhance the requirements analysis in many ways, as the requirement clarification and the conflicts between requirements can be detected at an early stage and design alternatives can be evaluated and selected to suit the require ments. In this paper, we take a step from the requirements phase to the design phase. While adheringto the web based goal oriented requirements engineering in the first phase we move to the A-OOH design models using a model transformation strategy to derive web specific design models supported by a UML profile. This helps in seamlessly generating the web specific design models namely the content, navigation, presentation, business process and adaptivity models. In this paper the focus is on transformation of WebGRL Presentation model to its Presentation design model. The model transformation approach aims at automatic transformation of the repeatedly refined and resolved alternatives presented by us in the WEBGRE framework as an input to the design models supported by a UML profile. This would lead to a better design and high quality of product development which captures the stakeholders’ goals very closely.
Basic considerations on the practical method for predicting sound insulation performance of a single-leaf window
Authors: Tsukamoto Yohei , Sakagami Kimihiro , Okuzono Takeshi , Tomikawa Yoshihiro
Published: April 2021

As a basic study of a practical method for predicting sound insulation performance of windows, this report presents a study of the sound reduction index of windows with single glazing below a critical frequency. First, results calculated by an existing theory for a single plate for the sound reduction indices are compared with measured results of actual windows to assess the theory’s applicability for evaluating the sound insulation performance of windows. Next, a regression analysis is employed to measured results of a certain number of actual windows to explore a further development of a more practical prediction. The following findings were obtained: (1) Sound reduction indices of actual fixed windows are predictable using Sewell’s transmission theory for a single plate. However, sound reduction indices of openable windows, especially those of sliding windows, are affected strongly by window frame gaps. Therefore, predicting sound reduction indices of all windows accurately is difficult if using only one theory. (2) The frequency slope of the window reduction index is much lower than that of the mass law. Regression analyses indicate that the frequency slope of the reduction index of all examined windows is 3.0 dB per octave, on average.
Comparison of the diagnostic performance of the modified Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System for thyroid malignancy with three international guidelines
Authors: Ha Eun Ju , Shin Jung Hee , Na Dong Gyu , Jung So Lyung , Lee Young Hen , Paik Wooyul , Hong Min Ji , Kim Yeo Koon , Lee Chang Yoon
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This study compared the diagnostic performance of the modified Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) for thyroid malignancy with three international guidelines.Methods: From June to September 2015, 5,708 thyroid nodules (≥1.0 cm) in 5,081 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid ultrasound (US) at 26 institutions were evaluated. The US features of the thyroid nodules were retrospectively reviewed and classified according to all four guidelines. In the modified K-TIRADS, the biopsy size threshold was changed to 2.0 cm for K-TIRADS 3 and 1.0 or 1.5 cm for K-TIRADS 4 (K-TIRADS1.0cm and K-TIRADS1.5cm, respectively). We compared the diagnostic performance and unnecessary fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) rates for thyroid malignancy between the modified K-TIRADS and three international guidelines.Results: Of the 5,708 thyroid nodules, 4,597 (80.5%) were benign and 1,111 (19.5%) were malignant. The overall sensitivity was highest for the modified K-TIRADS1.0cm (91.0%), followed by the European (EU)-TIRADS (84.6%), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology/Associazione Medici Endocrinologi (AACE/ACE/AME) (80.5%), American College of Radiology (ACR)-TIRADS (76.1%), and modified K-TIRADS1.5cm (76.1%). For large nodules (>2.0 cm), the sensitivity increased to 98.0% in both the modified K-TIRADS1.0cm and K-TIRADS1.5cm. For small nodules (≤2.0 cm), the unnecessary FNAB rate was lowest with the modified K-TIRADS1.5cm (17.6%), followed by the ACR-TIRADS (18.6%), AACE/ACE/AME (19.3%), EU-TIRADS (28.1%), and modified K-TIRADS1.0cm (31.2%).Conclusion: The modified K-TIRADS1.5cm can reduce the unnecessary FNAB rate for small nodules (1.0-2.0 cm), while maintaining high sensitivity for detecting malignancies >2.0 cm.
O desencanto das utopias: rupturas entre política e poder
Authors: Silva Aloirmar José da
Published: April 2021

O texto consiste em uma resenha da obra Retrotopia, de Zygmunt Bauman, publicada pela Editora Zahar em 2017. A obra percorre os labirintos da história da utopia e chega a retrotopia, cujo surgimento se dá devido ao divórcio, cada vez mais acentuado, entre poder e política, e o desencanto com ideias, ideais e promessas de futuro.

[...]. O autor Zygmunt Bauman, sociólogo e filósofo polonês, tornou-se um dos mais importantes analistas de temas hodiernos, dedicando sua vida ao estudo da condição humana. Sua formação e trajetória docente na Universidade de Varsóvia e na Universidade de Leeds, bem como sua vasta produção acadêmica, colocam-no na vanguarda dos intelectuais contemporâneos e caracterizam-no como um dos grandes pensadores da contemporaneidade.  Se para alguns ele é o conhecedor perspicaz, para outros é um ingênuo pessimista. Contudo, sua produção acadêmica possui ampla aceitação no campo das ciências sociais, nas ciências da educação, sobretudo nos estudos norteados pela perspectiva pós-estruturalista.

A partir de um diálogo com a “Utopia” de Thomas More, o autor tece seus argumentos na interlocução com diversos pensadores e com as diferentes situações cotidianas noticiadas nos principais jornais do mundo. Ele sistematiza conceitos, pressupostos, posicionamentos e críticas em uma obra densa, disposta em seis seções: a introdução, denominada de “A era da nostalgia”; o primeiro capítulo “De volta a Hobbes?”; seguido por “De volta às tribos”; “De volta à desigualdade”; “De volta ao útero”; e um epílogo, intitulado “olhando adiante, para variar”. Essas seções constituem uma espécie de inventário, que articula sentimentos e práticas retrotopianos, materializados no Lebenswelt (mundo da vida) dos sujeitos imersos na moderna sociedade líquida.

[...].

Essa epidemia global de nostalgia de que fala o autor, em vez de consolidar o futuro como ethos de esperanças e expectativas, torna-o um invólucro de medo e pesadelos. É desse cenário complexo que emerge a retrotopia como um “novo” ciclo da história da utopia, substituindo o vigor do tempo incerto que está por vir, por tentativas conscientes de iteração com aspectos bem-sucedidos do passado, projetando-os como futuro, na fantasia de harmonizar segurança com liberdade. Embora não se trate de “retorno direto a um modo de vida antes praticado” (BAUMAN, 2017, p. 14), a suposta estabilidade, o pseudorresguardo no que passou, e a ilusória faculdade de controlar o que pode acontecer, causam um distanciamento entre poder e política, destituindo a soberania do Estado e das agências capazes de regular/prover a vida social. Ao denotar que os sujeitos contemporâneos duvidam da capacidade do Estado, e de qualquer instituição, de levar as coisas a cabo e de escolher entre aquelas que devem ser feitas, o autor revela o desmonte do coletivo como uma instância política de poder e a redução da vida social à capacidade de consumir, exacerbando o âmbito pessoal como responsável pela busca das melhorias de vida.

[...].
« Chaque village est un État » ?
Authors: Montaz Léo
Published: April 2021

Cet article interroge les processus de démocratisation des zones rurales africaines à travers les pratiques de bureaucratisation au sein d’un village du pays bété, au centre-ouest ivoirien. Ces pratiques se sont accentuées avec l’intégration de ce village à la commune de Gagnoa. En s’appuyant sur l’étude ethnographique des élections pour le président des jeunes, cet article éclaire les processus hybrides qui concourent à la légitimation de nouveaux acteurs politiques dans le champ de la politique villageoise. Une attention particulière est accordée à la catégorie des jeunes, qui s’impose depuis maintenant trois décennies comme centrale dans le jeu politique local.
La mise en forme bureaucratique de l’action associative en Tunisie
Authors: De Facci Damiano
Published: April 2021

À travers les cas de deux associations caritatives de la ville de Sfax, en Tunisie, l’analyse se focalise sur trois instruments d’action – le livre comptable, l’organigramme et la base des données des bénéficiaires –, afin de mettre au jour les tensions et les ambiguïtés des dynamiques de mise en forme bureaucratique de l’action associative. Ces tensions et ambiguïtés montrent que la définition des instruments d’action associative ouvre davantage de marges de manœuvre pour les responsables des associations. Dans ce cadre, la conformité des procédures de l’association aux normes imposées par l’État, qui lui assure la légitimité de son action, semble moins le résultat d’une réelle volonté de collaboration avec l’État qu’une appropriation des logiques étatistes de la part des responsables des associations. Ces responsables jouent un rôle grandissant, en devenant à la fois des managers de la charité et les garants du fonctionnement de la chaîne sectorielle. La mise en forme bureaucratique de l’action associative se révèle ainsi être un processus de passage des associations de la fonction d’intermédiation idéologique et clientéliste à une forme de gouvernement personnalisée, fondée sur les responsables-managers des associations.
Enjeux et dynamiques de bureaucratisation des pratiques associatives en milieu rural
Authors: Fall Kory
Published: April 2021

Cet article est une analyse du processus de bureaucratisation des pratiques associatives en milieu rural. Il propose une étude de cas de l’association bambourang-ba dans la commune d’Adéane du département de Ziguinchor (Sénégal). À première vue, bambourang-ba apparaît comme une structure autonome constituée d’acteurs locaux qui nouent un partenariat avec l’ONG ChildFund et la fédération dimbaya. Toutefois, les données révèlent une dynamique d’organisation et de gestion insufflée par le haut et qui répond à une exigence de contrôle de l’ONG et son partenaire local. Cette dyna- mique de bureaucratisation se complexifie au fur et à mesure que les activités de l’ONG (le parrainage) s’étendent dans le département de Ziguinchor. Elle est coachée par des agents de terrain qui mobilisent des ressources variées et encadrent son appropriation par les dirigeants de l’association. Enfin, l’article propose une analyse de l’intermédia- tion et des dynamiques de bureaucratisation autour du parrainage des enfants.
Les arts de faire bureaucratique(s) de Nollywood
Authors: Batard Anouk
Published: April 2021

Cet article explore, par l’ethnographie, l’hétérogénéité des arts de faire bureaucratique(s) de producteurs audiovisuels ouest-africains relativement autonomes, qui se sont émancipés avec succès de la télévision publique nigériane au moment de l’ajustement structurel. Au travers d’associations professionnelles, une fragile élite autoproclamée du cinéma nigérian déploie des formes d’adaptation créative devant « faire avec » les processus de bureaucratisation de la société. Ces praticiens se réapproprient, voire contournent, des formes de bureaucratisation, tout en « faisant bureaucratique », c’est-à-dire en se (re)présentant tout disposés à mettre en œuvre des normes issues des modèles de la démocratie libérale et du capitalisme global. Finalement, la bureaucratisation de Nollywood se caractérise par la régulation de cet espace réputé informel saisi comme marché au service de l’État-nation.
Editorial: Conciliar Trinitarianism
Authors: Branson Beau , Jedwab Joseph , Williams Scott
Published: April 2021

Much recent work in analytic theology concerned with Trinitarian doctrine has been limited both by: (1) a narrow focus on the apparent inconsistency of the doctrine and (2) little regard for the historical context in which the doctrine developed. This special issue represents an effort to overcome these limitations in two ways. First, following Timothy Pawl’s definition of “Conciliar Christology,” we define “Conciliar Trinitarianism” as the conjunction of claims about the Trinity in the first seven Ecumenical Councils. Rather than speculative attempts at reconciling, say, sentences taken from the Athanasian Creed, or the common parlance of contemporary, Western Christians, the papers in this issue all address specifically Conciliar Trinitarianism. Second, the special issue brings together both analytic philosophers and patristics scholars in a format in which, in several cases, a scholar from one field responds to a scholar from another. We hope that this will help to jump-start some further conversations between scholars in analytic philosophy and in patristics, as we believe both fields can benefit from a deeper mutual engagement in the study of Conciliar Trinitarianism.
Interpretable machine learning approach for predicting COVID-19 risk status of an individual
Authors: Onoja Anthony , Ejiwale Mary Oyinlade , Rewane Ayesan
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to ascertained using Statistical feature selection methods and interpretable Machine learning models, the best features that predict risk status (“Low”, “Medium”, “High”) to COVID-19 infection. This study utilizes a publicly available dataset obtained via; online web-based risk assessment calculator to ascertain the risk status of COVID-19 infection. 57 out of 59 features were first filtered for multicollinearity using the Pearson correlation coefficient and further shrunk to 55 features by the LASSO GLM approach. SMOTE resampling technique was used to incur the problem of imbalanced class distribution.  The interpretable ML algorithms were implored during the classification phase. The best classifier predictions were saved as a new instance and perturbed using a single Decision tree classifier. To further build trust and explainability of the best model, the XGBoost classifier was used as a global surrogate model to train predictions of the best model. The XGBoost individual’s explanation was done using the SHAP explainable AI-framework. Random Forest classifier with a validation accuracy score of 96.35 % from 55 features reduced by feature selection emerged as the best classifier model. The decision tree classifier approximated the best classifier correctly with a prediction accuracy score of 92.23 % and Matthew’s correlation coefficient of 0.8960.  The XGBoost classifier approximated the best classifier model with a prediction score of 99.7 %. This study identified COVID-19 positive, COVID-19 contacts, COVID-19 symptoms, Health workers, and Public transport count as the five most consistent features that predict an individual’s risk exposure to COVID-19.
Elektroniczny łowca: postać cyborga w kinie science fiction głównego nurtu
Authors: Kamrowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

The aim of this text is to analyze the cyborg motif in mainstream American science fiction films, as represented by the Terminator and RoboCop film series. The cyborg characters presented in these films are focused mainly on violence and destruction, which emphasizes the technophobic attitude of the culture within which these films were made. The only redemption of their otherness is showing their humanity. For a cyborg, its technological provenance is a burden and results in its sense of guilt. In this manner, American science fiction films support anthropocentrism and the conservative status quo.
Akord à rebours. O muzyce i „duchowej inteligencji” w filmie Interstellar Christophera Nolana
Authors: Lisiecka Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

The essay aims to reveal the role of music in the movie Interstellar by Christopher Nolan and its significance in creating an artistic message that relates to the love myths characteristic of European culture and art. The orientation point is the Tristanic myth and the project of musical dramaturgy by Richard Wagner, the founder of the concept of music being the significant layer in a Gesamtkunstwerk, a synthesis of the arts, which strongly inspires i.a. cinema. The article ponders possible messages to be decoded from the music in Nolan’s movie: as a “form of a lover’s discourse” (R. Barthes), “significant form” (Suzanne K. Langer), “symbolic form” (E. Cassirer), responsible for shaping the ambience that constitutes an inherent structural part of the movie in the metaphysical cinema genre. The musical solutions applied by Hans Zimmer in the soundtrack to Nolan’s movie do more than merely imply inspiration from Wagner. They also allow for recognition of the polyphonic way of constructing formal and thematic relations between musical themes and the verbal-visual layer of the movie. This refined artistic project aims at a subtly directed confrontation with the nihilistic picture of love that is representative of melancholic-pessimistic images of the condition of human relationships in the modern culture. The analysed main musical theme, called the “à rebours chord” (i.e. anti-Tristan chord), turns out to be an overt musical manifestation of such a counterpunch and becomes a starting point to telling a story that refers to the concept of love which assumes taking action and fighting for the good of your loved ones, as well as the concept of Caritas and unconditional love. The way that the music and sound of the movie are orchestrated is therefore tightly coupled with its semantic and symbolic message, which allows for perceiving the music as a specific “libration point” of the movie structure. Its function might also be interpreted as a semantic attribute of “a spiritual intelligence”, referring to that which is binding and crucial for the axiological and metaphysical message of the movie.
Narracja czasem. Analiza struktury narracyjnej filmu Arrival (2016) Denisa Villeneuve’a
Authors: Majer Artur
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the narrative structure of Denis Villeneuve’s Arrival. Using the concept of a skeptical viewer as a starting point, the author follows the processes of unveiling meanings, both when it comes to the understanding of the plot of the story, as well as the senses and morals stemming out of it. The viewer’s activity appears to be engaged with the activity of a character who is determined to discover the generic science fiction mystery, i.e. to learn the secret of the aliens’ language. The language, in turn, leads to revealing the time reliances in the film, as well as to formulating the thesis on a specific kind of storytelling: not as a “narrative about time,” but rather a “narrative by time.”
O kryteriach wyodrębniania terminów z XVI-wiecznych tekstów
Authors: Jankowiak Lucyna Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

The article aims to present a method for identifying and extracting terms from sixteenth- century texts based on four criteria: a) textual – assuming that if a semantic unit’s meaning is confirmed only in texts characteristic of a specific field of science or knowledge, then it is a term of that period; b) linguistic – based on the information about the semantic unit originating from prestigious languages (Latin or/and Greek)and provided by the author; c) disciplinary – based on the information about the semantic unit being used by a specific professional group and provided by the author; d) linguistic and disciplinary (which combines criteria 2 and 3).
Essential Role of Somatic Kv2 Channels in High-Frequency Firing in Cartwheel Cells of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
Authors: Irie Tomohiko
Published: April 2021

Among all voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, Kv2 channels are the most widely expressed in the mammalian brain. However, studying Kv2 in neurons has been challenging because of a lack of high-selective blockers. Recently, a peptide toxin, guangxitoxin-1E (GxTX), has been identified as a specific inhibitor of Kv2, thus facilitating the study of Kv2 in neurons. The mammalian dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) integrates auditory and somatosensory information. In the DCN, cartwheel inhibitory interneurons receive excitatory synaptic inputs from parallel fibers conveying somatosensory information. The activation of parallel fibers drives action potentials in the cartwheel cells up to 130 Hzin vivo, and the excitation of cartwheel cells leads to the strong inhibition of principal cells. Therefore, cartwheel cells play crucial roles in monaural sound localization and cancelling detection of self-generated sounds. However, how Kv2 controls the high-frequency firing in cartwheel cells is unknown. In this study, we performed immunofluorescence labeling with anti-Kv2.1 and anti-Kv2.2 antibodies using fixed mouse brainstem slice preparations. The results revealed that Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 were largely present on the cartwheel cell body membrane but not on the axon initial segment (AIS) nor the proximal dendrite. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings using mouse brainstem slice preparation and GxTX demonstrated that blockade of Kv2 induced failure of parallel fiber-induced action potentials when parallel fibers were stimulated at high frequencies (30–100 Hz). Thus, somatic Kv2 in cartwheel cells regulates the action potentials in a frequency-dependent manner and may play important roles in the DCN function.
Suicide Protective Factors: Utilizing SHORES in School Counseling
Authors: Stutey Diane M. , Cureton Jenny L. , Severn Kim , Fink Matthew
Published: April 2021

Recently, a mnemonic device, SHORES, was created for counselors to utilize with clients with suicidal ideation. The acronym of SHORES stands for Skills and strategies for coping (S); Hope (H); Objections (O); Reasons to live and Restricted means (R); Engaged care (E); and Support (S). In this manuscript, SHORES is introduced as a way for school counselors to address protective factors against suicide. In addition, the authors review the literature on comprehensive school suicide prevention and suicide protective factors; describe the relevance of a suicide protective factors mnemonic that school counselors can use; and illustrate the mnemonic’s application in classroom guidance, small-group, and individual settings.
Seeing the Local State
Authors: Lobao Linda , Tsvetkova Alexandra , Hooks Gregory , Partridge Mark
Published: April 2021

Sociologists have long recognized uneven development within nations and differential patterns of poverty and prosperity across places. In analyzing why some places fare better than others, researchers largely focus on market forces. Few studies have considered the role of the local state. Yet in many countries today local governments have gained responsibilities and control as national governments offload responsibilities. This shift toward localized government is often associated with neoliberalism. The conventional view is pessimistic about local governments, stressing their potential to reinforce poverty and inequality. Our research challenges this view. We advance a counter-perspective that builds from two subnational literatures, one on poverty and place and the other, mesocomparative research on the state. Focusing on the United States, we examine whether local governments are linked to poverty and income inequality. Using unique data that span all communities (over 3,000 county areas) over the Great Recession, we show that the institutional capacity and spending policy of local governments at the outset of the recession influenced how communities fared subsequently. To our knowledge, this is the first sociological study that integrates theoretical understanding of local state processes and research aimed at explaining poverty and inequality across the United States.
EXERGAMING IMPROVES SELF-EFFICACY IN SUSTAINING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG SEDENTARY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Yusoff Hafzan , Wan Daud Wan Nudri , Rasyad Ahmad Syahmi
Published: April 2021

This research contrasts the physical activity-related self-efficacy before and after exergame play and the gender-wise expectancy related to beliefs and task values. Sedentary undergraduates (n=102; 51 males, 51 females) were recruited from a local university in Kota Bharu, Kelantan using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Participants completed questionnaires assessing their self-efficacy, expectancy related beliefs, subjective task values and intention to participate in exergame play in the future.  After exergame play, participants had a significantly higher degree of self-efficacy than before exergame play (mean score: before 27.1 ± 4.33 vs. after 32.2 ± 4.51; p < 0.001). Their belief in their ability to exercise on a regular basis varied considerably across gender, with higher values reported in male than in female participants (mean difference= 0.84, p=0.02). Other components, such as expectancy-related beliefs, task values, and intentions, were comparable between gender. Besides, participants also considered exergaming to be more attractive and stimulating than traditional physical exercise, thereby presenting greater beliefs in capability and greater desire to engage in exergaming in the future. The result suggests that exergame play can be used as an innovative approach to increase the level of physical activity among sedentary university students.
THE DIFFERENCES IN THE BALL SPEED AND THE SPIN RATE DEPENDING ON THE RESULTS OF A TENNIS SERVE
Authors: Kashiwagi Ryogo , Okamura Shuhei , Iwanaga Shinya , Murakami Shunsuke , Numata Koki , Takahashi Hiroo
Published: April 2021

In tennis, the service is the only shot that a player can give himself without being influenced by his opponent, and it is said to be the most powerful and essential shot in the game to win the game (Kovacs and Ellenbecker, 2011). In this study, we will investigate the difference in speed and spin rate in services when a service is entered, when it is not entered, and when an ace is taken. Fourteen three-set singles matches of 20 participants in the ATP Challenger tournament were included in the analysis. The speed and spin rate was measured using the Trackman. The analysis included 1343 1st service balls. We compared the speed and spin rate for each IN, FAULT and ACE in the 1st service using one-way ANOVA. The speed of the 1st service, IN was significantly slower than that of FAULT and ACE. The spin rate of the 1st serve, IN had significantly more revolutions than the FAULT and ACE. The results of this study showed that the service was faster and lower spin rate when ACE was taken. However, it was found that the faster the speed of the service and the lower the spin rate, the higher the rate of FAULT. These considerations suggest that it is important to decide whether to take risks or play it safe, depending on the game situation at the time.
KINEMATIC DIFFERENCES IN LEFT-RIGHT SIDE IN BLOCKING AMONG COLLEGE WOMEN'S VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS IN JAPAN
Authors: Numata Koki , Motoshima Yoshie , Hamada Koji , Sakanaka Misato , Murakami Shunsuke , Takahashi Hiroo , Kashiwagi Ryogo
Published: April 2021

In recent years, the attacking tactics of top-level teams have been dominated by a combination of four attackers. The basic approach to defending against this move is to block in the direction of the toss (Read Block System). This study compares and examines the difference between the left and right sides of the crossover step of women's volleyball players using the read block system. Fifteen Japanese college women's volleyball players (age: 20.1±1.1 years, height: 169.3±5.5 cm) were eligible for the study. A time-synchronized 16 camera Mac3D optical motion capture systems (Motion Analysis Co.) and 10 force plates (Tec Gihan Co.) were used to determine three dimensional (3-D) coordinates of 38 retroreflective markers. The players were told that the toss from the setter would go up randomly in one of the left or right direction, and they were asked to block in response to the toss from the centre of the net. The results showed that the performance of the jump height (p = 0.04, d =0.50), maximum block reach (p = 0.01, d =0.51), and motion time (p =0.02, d =0.75) was better than the left, and the effect size was large. Since most of the subjects in this study were right-handed (two of the Opposites were left-handed), it is assumed that they tended to perform better on the left side, which is a block stepping similar to spike stepping. However, some players may not use the spiking hand, so individualized instruction is required.
Obesity is associated with heavy menstruation that may be due to delayed endometrial repair
Authors: Reavey Jane J , Walker Catherine , Murray Alison A , Brito-Mutunayagam Savita , Sweeney Sheona , Nicol Moira , Cambursano Ana , Critchley Hilary O D , Maybin Jacqueline A
Published: April 2021

Heavy menstrual bleeding is common and debilitating but the causes remain ill defined. Rates of obesity in women are increasing and its impact on menstrual blood loss (MBL) is unknown. Therefore, we quantified BMI and MBL in women not taking hormones and with regular menstrual cycles and revealed a positive correlation. In a mouse model of simulated menstruation, diet-induced obesity also resulted in delayed endometrial repair, a surrogate marker for MBL. BrdU staining of mouse uterine tissue revealed decreased proliferation during menstruation in the luminal epithelium of mice on a high-fat diet. Menstruation is known to initiate local endometrial inflammation and endometrial hypoxia; hence, the impact of body weight on these processes was investigated. A panel of hypoxia-regulated genes (VEGF, ADM, LDHA, SLC2A1) showed consistently higher mean values in the endometrium of women with obesity and in uteri of mice with increased weight vs normal controls, although statistical significance was not reached. The inflammatory mediators, Tnf and Il6 were significantly increased in the uterus of mice on a high-fat diet, consistent with a pro-inflammatory local endometrial environment in these mice. In conclusion, obesity was associated with increased MBL in women. Mice given a high-fat diet had delayed endometrial repair at menstruation and provided a model in which to study the influence of obesity on menstrual physiology. Our results indicate that obesity results in a more pro-inflammatory local endometrial environment at menstruation, which may delay endometrial repair and increase menstrual blood loss.