bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binding of LncDACH1 to dystrophin impairs the membrane trafficking of Nav1.5 protein and increases ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility
Authors: Xue Genlong , Yang Jiming , Zhang Yang , Yang Ying , Zhang Ruixin , Li Desheng , Tian Tao , Li Jialiang , Zhang Xiaofang , Li Changzhu , Li Xingda , Yang Jiqin , Shen Kewei , Guo Yang , Liu Xuening , Yang Guohui , Xuan Lina , Shan Hongli , Lu Yanjie , Baofeng Yang , Pan Zhenwei
Published: September 2023

Dystrophin is a critical interacting protein of Nav1.5 that determines its membrane anchoring in cardiomyocytes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of cardiac ion channels, while their influence on sodium channels remains unexplored. Our preliminary data showed that lncRNA-Dachshund homolog 1 (lncDach1) can bind to dystrophin, which drove us to investigate if lncDach1 can regulate sodium channels by interfering with dystrophin. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining showed that cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic overexpression of lncDach1 (lncDach1-TG) reduced the membrane distribution of dystrophin and Nav1.5 in cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, peak INa was reduced in the hearts of lncDach1-TG mice than wild-type (WT) controls. The opposite data of western blot, immunofluorescent staining and patch clamp were collected from lncDach1 cardiomyocyte conditional knockout (lncDach1-cKO) mice. Moreover, increased ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility was observed in lncDach1-TG mice in vivo and ex vivo. The conservative fragment of lncDach1 inhibited membrane distribution of dystrophin and Nav1.5, and promoted the inducibility of ventricular arrhythmia. Strikingly, activation of Dystrophin transcription by dCas9-SAM system in lncDach1-TG mice rescued the impaired membrane distribution of dystrophin and Nav1.5, and prevented the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia. Furthermore, lncDach1 was increased in transaortic constriction (TAC) induced failing hearts, which promoted the inducibility of ventricular arrhythmia. And the expression of lncDach1 is regulated by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase subunit beta (hadhb), which binds to lncDach1 and decreases its stability. The human homologue of lncDACH1 inhibited the membrane distribution of Nav1.5 in human iPS-differentiated cardiomyocytes. The findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of Nav1.5 membrane targeting and the development of ventricular arrhythmias.
Binding of LncRNA-DACH1 to dystrophin impairs the membrane trafficking of Nav1.5 protein and increases ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility
Authors: Pan Zhenwei , Xue Gen-Long , Zhang Yang , Yang Jiming , Yang Ying , Zhang Ruixin , Li Desheng , Tian Tao , Zhang Xiaofang , Li Changzhu , Li Xingda , Yang Jiqin , Shen Kewei , Guo Yang , Liu Xuening , Yang Guohui , Lu Yanjie , Yang Baofeng
Published: September 2023

Dystrophin is a critical interacting protein of Nav1.5 that determines its membrane anchoring in cardiomyocytes. The study aims to explore whether lncRNA-DACH1(lncDACH1) can regulate the distribution of Nav1.5 by binding to dystrophin and participate in ventricular arrhythmogenesis. LncDACH1 was confirmed to bind to dystrophin. Cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic overexpression of lncDACH1(lncDACH1-TG) reduced the membrane distribution of dystrophin and Nav1.5 in cardiomyocytes. The opposite data were collected from lncDACH1 cardiomyocyte conditional knockout (lncDACH1-CKO) mice. Moreover, increased ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility was observed in lncDACH1-TG mice
in vivo
and
ex vivo
. The conservative fragment of lncDACH1 inhibited membrane distribution of dystrophin and Nav1.5 and promoted the inducibility of ventricular arrhythmia. Upregulation of dystrophin in lncDACH1-TG mice rescued the impaired membrane distribution of dystrophin and Nav1.5. The human homologue of lncDACH1 inhibited the membrane distribution of Nav1.5 in human iPS-differentiated cardiomyocytes. Collectively, lncDACH1 regulates Nav1.5 membrane distribution by binding to dystrophin and participates in ventricular arrhythmogenesis.
A stable microtubule bundle formed through an orchestrated multistep process controls quiescence exit
Authors: Laporte Damien , Massoni-Laporte Aurélie , Lefranc Charles , Dompierre Jim , Mauboules David , Nsamba Emmanuel T. , Royou Anne , Gal Lihi , Schuldiner Maya , Gupta Mohan L. , Sagot Isabelle
Published: September 2023

Cells fine-tune microtubule assembly in both space and time, to give rise to distinct edifices with specific cellular functions. In proliferating cells, microtubules are highly dynamics, yet, proliferation cessation often lead to their stabilization. One of the most stable microtubule structures identified to date is the nuclear bundle assembled in yeast quiescent cells. In this report, we characterize the original multistep process driving the assembly of this structure in an AuroraB/Ipl1-dependent mechanism. This process follows a precise temporality that relies on the sequential actions of kinesin-14, kinesins-5 and involves both microtubule-kinetochore and kinetochore-kinetochore interactions. Upon quiescence exit, the microtubule bundle disassembles via a cooperative process involving the Kinesin-8 and its full disassembly is required to authorize cells re-entry into proliferation. Overall, our study not only provides the first description, at the molecular scale, of the entire life cycle of a stable microtubule structure
in vivo
, but also sheds light on its function as a sort of “checkpoint” for cell cycle resumption.
Mitochondrial genomes of Pleistocene megafauna retrieved from recent sediment layers of two Siberian lakes
Authors: Seeber PA , Batke L , Dvornikov Y , Schmidt A , Wang Y , Stoof-Leichsenring KR , Moon KL , Shapiro B , Epp LS
Published: September 2023

Ancient environmental DNA (aeDNA) from lake sediments has yielded remarkable insights for the reconstruction of past ecosystems, including suggestions of late survival of extinct species. However, translocation and lateral inflow of DNA in sediments can potentially distort the stratigraphic signal of the DNA. Using three different approaches on two short lake sediment cores of the Yamal peninsula, West Siberia, with ages spanning only the past hundreds of years, we detect DNA and assembled mitochondrial genomes of multiple mammoth and woolly rhinoceros individuals—both species that have been extinct for thousands of years on the mainland. The occurrence of clearly identifiable aeDNA of extinct Pleistocene megafauna (e.g., > 400K reads in one core) throughout these two short subsurface cores, along with specificities of sedimentology and dating, confirm that processes acting on regional scales, such as extensive permafrost thawing, can influence the aeDNA record and should be accounted for in aeDNA paleoecology.
An investigation into the response of the soil ecological environment to tourist disturbance in Baligou
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Cui Fangyuan , Wong Cora Un.In , Zhang Hongfeng , Wang Feiyang
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to understand the response patterns of the soil ecological environment of the Macau Wetland Park to different levels of tourist interference and to provide a scientific basis for the rational development of the Bali Gou ecological tourism plan and the protection and management of the scenic area’s ecological environment. Combine the methods of field collection and laboratory physical and chemical data analysis to analyze the impact of the strength of tourism disturbance on the soil ecological environment of Baligou. During the tourist activities in Baligou, the human factors in the process have an impact on the physical aspects of the scenic area’s soil, such as soil bulk density, color tone, porosity, compactness, capacity, and leaf litter. In addition, pH value, soil enzyme activity, organic matter, and heavy metals in the soil have caused some interference. The overall data show that the dynamic of soil indicators is background area < buffer area < disturbed area,where the sample area is affected by human trampling and infrastructure construction and other disturbances leading to regular changes in the content of Pb and Cr in the sample soil, while the content of other heavy metals is lower than the national standard.The range of the most extreme values of the SRI integrated soil ecological response evaluation index was A1 disturbance area = 4.679 and C1 background area = 1.263, respectively. The larger the value of the SRI response index, the greater the impact and negative effect of the disturbance influence of tourism activities on the soil ecological environment of the scenic area, and the higher the level of response of the soil ecological environment of the scenic area to the disturbance of tourism activities. Moderate and reasonable tourism development activities play a role in promoting soil quality in scenic areas. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out reasonable ecological environment planning and take certain macro-measures to prevent the deterioration of the soil ecological environment, so as to achieve a win-win situation of ecological environmental protection while developing the tourism economy in scenic areas.
PTSD Symptoms Among Family Members of Patients With ARDS Caused by COVID-19 After 12 Months
Authors: Kentish-Barnes Nancy , Resche-Rigon Matthieu , Lafarge Antoine , Souppart Virginie , Renet Anne , Pochard Frédéric , Azoulay Elie
Published: September 2023

This study compares data on the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among family members of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 vs non–COVID-19 ARDS.
Addressing the Complex Driving Needs of an Aging Population
Authors: Carr David Brian , Babulal Ganesh Muneshwar
Published: September 2023

This JAMA Insights reviews the complex driving needs of older individuals and how clinicians can help address these needs, including recommending use of supplemental technology, assessing fitness to drive, and reviewing medications that may impair driving ability.
Volume of Care for Primary Care Physicians in Integrated vs Independent Practices Through the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cuellar Alison , Jena Anupam B.
Published: September 2023

This cohort study examines changes in volume of in-person vs virtual visits to independent and integrated practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Telehealth vs In-Clinic Medication Abortion Services
Authors: Fiastro Anna E. , Zheng Zihan , Ruben Molly R. , Gipson Jessica , Godfrey Emily M.
Published: September 2023

This cross-sectional study compares differences in patient characteristics between those using telehealth vs in-clinic services for medication abortion care.
A Centralized EHR-Based Model for the Recruitment of Rural and Lower Socioeconomic Participants in Pragmatic Trials
Authors: Hau Cynthia , Efird Jimmy T. , Leatherman Sarah M. , Soloviev Oleg V. , Glassman Peter A. , Woods Patricia A. , Ishani Areef , Cushman William C. , Ferguson Ryan E.
Published: September 2023

Importance

Participant diversity is important for reducing study bias and increasing generalizability of comparative effectiveness research.

Objective

Demonstrate the operational efficiency of a centralized electronic health record (EHR)-based model for recruiting difficult-to-reach participants in a pragmatic trial.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This comparative effectiveness study was a secondary analysis of Diuretic Comparison Project, a randomized clinical trial conducted between 2016 and 2022 (mean [SD] follow-up, 2.4 [1.4] years) comparing 2 commonly prescribed antihypertensives, which used an EHR-based recruitment model. Electronic study workflows, in tandem with routine clinical practice, were adapted by 72 Veteran Affairs (VA) primary care networks. Data were analyzed from August to December 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Measures reflecting recruitment capacity (monthly rate), operational efficiency (median time for completion of electronic procedures), and geographic reach (percentage of patients recruited from rural areas) were examined.

Results

A total of 13 523 patients with hypertension (mean [SD] age, 72 [5.4] years; 13 092 male [96.8%]) were recruited from 537 outpatient clinics. Approximately 205 patients were randomized per month and a median of 35 days (Q1-Q3, 23-80 days) was needed to complete electronic recruitment. The annual income was below the national median for 69% of the cohort. Patients from all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia were included and 45% resided in rural areas.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this secondary analysis of a multicenter pragmatic trial, a centralized EHR-based recruitment model was associated with improved participation from underrepresented groups. These participants often are difficult to reach, with their exclusion potentially biasing trial results; eliminating in-person study visits and local site involvement can minimize barriers for the recruitment of patients from rural and lower socioeconomic areas.

Trial Registration

The Diuretic Comparison Project (DCP) was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02185417
Direct Dispensation of Prenatal Supplements With Iron and Anemia Among Pregnant People
Authors: Thiele Lisa R. , Duryea Elaine L. , Ragsdale Alexandra S. , Berge Carrie A. , McIntire Donald D. , Nelson David B. , Spong Catherine Y.
Published: September 2023

Importance

Postpartum transfusion is the most common indicator of severe maternal morbidity in the US. Higher rates of anemia are associated with a higher blood transfusion rate.

Objective

To determine if providing, rather than recommending, supplements with iron at prenatal visits in a medically underserved community is associated with improved hematologic indices and reduced blood transfusion.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this quality improvement study, patients who delivered between May 13 and December 13, 2020, and thus were provided a prenatal supplement with iron throughout pregnancy were compared with those who delivered between January 1 and August 1, 2019, before supplements were dispensed. The study was conducted at Parkland Health, a safety net hospital in Dallas, Texas, with a 95% Medicaid-funded or self-pay population and included all patients who delivered at our institution during the study period with available hematologic data.

Exposures

In the earlier cohort, all patients were recommended to obtain and take iron supplements. In the later cohort, prenatal supplements with iron were dispensed via clinic pharmacy to all patients during prenatal visits.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Maternal hematocrit levels (28-32 weeks, delivery admission, and discharge), rates of anemia (hematocrit <30%), and postpartum transfusion for acute blood loss anemia were compared using χ2 and analysis of variance methods with P < .05 considered significant. The analysis took place in July of 2022.

Results

Overall, 13 910 patients (98%) met inclusion criteria (mean age [SD], 27.9 [6.5] and 27.6 [6.5] years, mean [SD] body mass index at first visit, 29.2 [6.6] and 29.3 [6.6]). Mosty of the patients in both cohorts were of Hispanic ethnicity (76%). Providing iron-containing prenatal supplements was associated with higher average hematocrit levels at all time points including a mean difference of 1.27% (95% CI, 1.13%-1.42%) on admission for delivery, when compared with those who were not directly dispensed iron. Among patients prior to providing supplements, 18% had anemia on admission compared with 11% with iron-containing supplements dispensed (risk ratio [RR], 0.61; 95% CI, 0.56-0.66). Postpartum transfusion for acute blood loss anemia was reduced by one-third in patients after program implementation from 10 per 1000 to 6.6 per 1000 (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.91).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this quality improvement study, providing supplements with iron to patients at prenatal visits was associated with improved hematocrit levels, rates of anemia, and reduced transfusions unrelated to obstetric catastrophes among a predominantly Medicaid population.
You are who your friends are—nuclear pore proteins as components of chromatin‐binding complexes
Authors: Capelson Maya
Published: September 2023

Nuclear pore complexes are large multicomponent protein complexes that are embedded in the nuclear envelope, where they mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport. In addition to supporting transport, nuclear pore components, termed nucleoporins (Nups), can interact with chromatin and influence genome function. A subset of Nups can also localize to the nuclear interior and bind chromatin intranuclearly, providing an opportunity to investigate chromatin‐associated functions of Nups outside of the transport context. This review focuses on the gene regulatory functions of such intranuclear Nups, with a particular emphasis on their identity as components of several chromatin regulatory complexes. Recent proteomic screens have identified Nups as interacting partners of active and repressive epigenetic machinery, architectural proteins, and DNA replication complexes, providing insight into molecular mechanisms via which Nups regulate gene expression programs. This review summarizes these interactions and discusses their potential functions in the broader framework of nuclear genome organization.
Development of an Interactive Tool to Support Shared Decision‐Making in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Treatment Attribute Preference
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Ford Kerri , Fiore Stefano , Mikuls Ted R. , Shaney Kevin , Sethi Vaneet
Published: September 2023

Objective

An interactive tool identifying treatment attributes important to patients can enhance shared decision‐making (SDM) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A formative survey was conducted to identify the most important treatment attributes from patients’ perspective, which can be used to develop an interactive SDM tool.

Methods

The survey was performed in two phases: qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys. The qualitative interviews were conducted to inform the design of the quantitative survey. In qualitative interviews, patients with RA (n = 10) and rheumatologists (n = 10) were introduced to the SDM tool concept. Feedback on the design and scope of the SDM tool was used to develop a quantitative survey, conducted in a large sample size of patients. Patient preferences for treatment attributes (route of administration and dosing frequency, serious side effects, out‐of‐pocket costs, efficacy, and monitoring requirement) were assessed via adaptive conjoint exercise involving ranking of hypothetical RA treatment configurations.

Results

A total of 944 patients (males: 43%, females: 57%) with RA participated in the quantitative survey. Route of administration and dosing frequency (38%) followed by serious side effects (33%) were the two most important treatment attributes for individual patients. The recontact survey (n = 172/944) estimated tool stability of 72% (n = 124/172) in terms of the relative importance of treatment attributes.

Conclusion

The findings of this survey could be used in the development of an SDM tool that can potentially provide insights into patient preferences and is generally well received by patients and rheumatologists with good agreement and reliability.
The Use of Remote Consultations and Associated Factors in Rheumatology: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study of Follow‐Up Consultations Before, During, and After COVID‐19
Authors: van der Ven Jeffrey , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , Wielsma Sabien , Flendrie Marcel , Verhoef Lise M.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To investigate the use of remote consultations (RCs) and the influence of consultation, health care provider (HCP), and patient characteristics on the choice for remote or face‐to‐face consultation.

Methods

A monocenter retrospective cohort study was conducted on follow‐up consultations of patients with rheumatic diseases from January 1, 2019 to January 16, 2023, using data from electronic health records. Trends in the proportion of RCs before, during, and after COVID‐19 were studied. Cross–classified multilevel logistic regression models were built to account for clustering of consultations (level 1) within both patients and HCPs (level 2). The influence of consultation, patient, and HCP characteristics on the type of consultation was assessed.

Results

157,028 consultations of 30,215 unique patients seen by 64 HCPs were included in the data set. After an initial sharp increase in RC use at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the proportion of RCs decreased toward a seemingly steady state at around 30%. 90% of the variance in the use of RCs can be attributed to the consultation level, whereas 4% and 6% can be attributed to the patient and HCP level. Longer consultation durations and time since last consultation decreased the odds for a RC, as did higher patient age, shared care, and longer disease duration. Higher travel distance, consultation density, and patient digital access increased the odds for a RC.

Conclusion

The COVID pandemic resulted in a structural increase in the use of RCs. Although several patient characteristics are associated with the type of consultation, most variance resulted from consultation characteristics compared with patients and HCPs.
Supramolecular Nano‐Assembly of Caffeate‐Strengthened Phenylboronic Ester with Multistep ROS Scavenging Ability for Targeted Therapy of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Jia Fan , Yu Bo , Li Jian , Cai Fanghao , Fu Guosheng , Jin Qiao , Ji Jian
Published: September 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life‐threatening complication with a considerable occurrence among patients. AKI is typically accompanied by an elevation in reactive oxidative species (ROS) in renal tissues, which is the main contributor to kidney damage. Herein, a supramolecular nano‐assembly (Ser‐HPEC) containing an ethyl caffeate‐strengthened phenylboronic ester with ROS‐triggered antioxidative ability is proposed for AKI‐targeted therapy. Nano‐assemblies can rapidly accumulate in the ischemia‐reperfusion‐injured kidney via kidney injury molecule‐1 (Kim‐1)‐mediated homing ability of l‐serine. By consuming pathological levels of ROS, two different antioxidants, ethyl caffeate and 4‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol, are spontaneously released from a single module to relieve oxidative stress and diminish acute inflammation in injured renal tissue. The multistep ROS scavenging strategy combined with a precise targeting capability endows the aforementioned nano‐assembly with effectiveness in preserving the integrity and functions of the injured kidney, providing new inspiration for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including AKI.
Direct 3D‐Bioprinting of hiPSC‐Derived Cardiomyocytes to Generate Functional Cardiac Tissues
Authors: Esser Tilman U. , Anspach Annalise , Muenzebrock Katrin A. , Kah Delf , Schrüfer Stefan , Schenk Joachim , Heinze Katrin G. , Schubert Dirk W. , Fabry Ben , Engel Felix B.
Published: September 2023

3D‐bioprinting is a promising technology to produce human tissues as drug screening tool or for organ repair. However, direct printing of living cells has proven difficult. Here, a method is presented to directly 3D‐bioprint human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived cardiomyocytes embedded in a collagen–hyaluronic acid ink, generating centimeter‐sized functional ring‐ and ventricle‐shaped cardiac tissues in an accurate and reproducible manner. The printed tissues contain hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes with well‐organized sarcomeres and exhibit spontaneous and regular contractions, which persist for several months and are able to contract against passive resistance. Importantly, beating frequencies of the printed cardiac tissues can be modulated by pharmacological stimulation. This approach opens up new possibilities for generating complex functional cardiac tissues as models for advanced drug screening or as tissue grafts for organ repair or replacement.
Surfactant‐Free Ultrasonication‐Assisted Synthesis of 2d Tellurium Based on Metastable 1T'‐MoTe2
Authors: Qi Junlei , Dai Yongping , Ma Chen , Ke Chengxuan , Wang Wenbin , Wu Zongxiao , Wang Xiang , Bao Kai , Xu Yue , Huang Haoxin , Wang Lingzhi , Wu Jingkun , Luo Guangfu , Chen Ye , Lin Zhaoyang , He Qiyuan
Published: September 2023

Elemental 2D materials (E2DMs) have been attracting considerable attention owing to their chemical simplicity and excellent/exotic properties. However, the lack of robust chemical synthetic methods seriously limits their potential. Here, a surfactant‐free liquid‐phase synthesis of high‐quality 2D tellurium is reported based on ultrasonication‐assisted exfoliation of metastable 1T'‐MoTe2. The as‐grown 2D tellurium nanosheets exhibit excellent single crystallinity, ideal 2D morphology, surfactant‐free surface, and negligible 1D by‐products. Furthermore, a unique growth mechanism based on the atomic escape of Te atoms from metastable transition metal dichalcogenides and guided 2D growth in the liquid phase is proposed and verified. 2D tellurium‐based field‐effect transistors show ultrahigh hole mobility exceeding 1000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature attributing to the high crystallinity and surfactant‐free surface, and exceptional chemical and operational stability using both solid‐state dielectric and liquid‐state electrical double layer. The facile ultrasonication‐assisted synthesis of high‐quality 2D tellurium paves the way for further exploration of E2DMs and expands the scope of liquid‐phase exfoliation (LPE) methodology toward the controlled wet‐chemical synthesis of functional nanomaterials.
Machine Learning Assisted Monte Carlo Simulation: Efficient Overlap Determination for Nonspherical Hard Bodies
Authors: Bag Saientan , Jha Ayush , Müller‐Plathe Florian
Published: September 2023

Standard molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations deal with spherical particles. Extending the standard simulation methodologies to the nonspherical objects is non‐trivial. To circumvent this problem, nonspherical bodies are often treated as a collection of constituent spherical objects. As the number of these constituent objects becomes large, the computational burden to simulate the system also increases. Here, an alternative way is proposed to simulate nonspherical rigid bodies having pairwise repulsive interactions. This approach is based on a machine learning (ML)‐based model, which predicts the overlap between two nonspherical bodies. The ML model is easy to train and the computation cost of its implementation remains independent of the number of constituent spheres used to represent a nonspherical rigid body. When used in MC simulation, this method is faster than the standard implementation, where overlap determination is based on calculating the distance between constituent spheres. This proposed ML‐based MC method produces similar structural features (in comparison to the standard implementation) in both two and three dimensions, and can qualitatively capture the isotropic to nematic transition of rigid rods in three dimensions. It is believed that this work is a step toward a time‐efficient simulation of non‐spherical rigid bodies.
Electrochemical Reversible Reforming between Ethylamine and Acetonitrile on Heterostructured Pd‐Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets
Authors: Ao Weidong , Ren Huijun , Cheng Changgen , Fan Zhishuai , Qin Qing , Yin Peiqun , Zhang Qi , Dai Lei
Published: September 2023

Rational design of electrocatalysts is essential to achieve desirable performance of electrochemical synthesis process. Heterostructured catalysts have thus attracted widespread attention due to their multifunctional intrinsic properties, and diverse catalytic applications with corresponding outstanding activities. Here, we report an in situ restoration strategy for the synthesis of ultrathin Pd‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets. Such Pd‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets exhibit excellent activity and selectivity towards reversible electrochemical reforming of ethylamine and acetonitrile. In the acetonitrile reduction process, Pd acts as reaction center, while Ni(OH)2 provide proton hydrogen through promoting the dissociation of water. Also ethylamine oxidation process can be achieved on the surface of the heterostructured nanosheets with abundant Ni(II) defects. More importantly, an electrolytic cell driven by solar cells was successfully constructed to realize ethylamine‐acetonitrile reversible reforming. This work demonstrates the importance of heterostructure engineering in the rational synthesis of multifunctional catalysts towards electrochemical synthesis of fine chemicals.
Self‐Accelerating Effect in a Covalent–Organic Framework with Imidazole Groups Boosts Electroreduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Di , Huang Jia‐Run , Shi Wen , Liao Pei‐Qin , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: September 2023

Solvent effect plays an important role in catalytic reaction, but there is little research and attention on it in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR). Herein, we report a stable covalent‐organic framework (denoted as PcNi‐im) with imidazole groups as a new electrocatalyst for eCO2RR to CO. Interestingly, compared with neutral conditions, PcNi‐im not only showed high Faraday efficiency of CO product (≈100 %) under acidic conditions (pH ≈ 1), but also the partial current density was increased from 258 to 320 mA cm−2. No obvious degradation was observed over 10 hours of continuous operation at the current density of 250 mA cm−2. The mechanism study shows that the imidazole group on the framework can be protonated to form an imidazole cation in acidic media, hence reducing the surface work function and charge density of the active metal center. As a result, CO poisoning effect is weakened and the key intermediate *COOH is also stabilized, thus accelerating the catalytic reaction rate.
Three‐Electron Transfer‐Based High‐Capacity Organic Lithium‐Iodine (Chlorine) Batteries
Authors: Li Xinliang , Wang Yanlei , Lu Junfeng , Li Shimei , Li Pei , Huang Zhaodong , Liang Guojin , He Hongyan , Zhi Chunyi
Published: September 2023

Conversion‐type batteries apply the principle that more charge transfer is preferable. The underutilized electron transfer mode within two undermines the electrochemical performance of halogen batteries. Here, we realised a three‐electron transfer lithium‐halogen battery based on I−/I+ and Cl−/Cl0 couples by using a common commercial electrolyte saturated with Cl− anions. The resulting Li||tetrabutylammonium triiodide (TBAI3) cell exhibits three distinct discharging plateaus at 2.97, 3.40, and 3.85 V. Moreover, it has a high capacity of 631 mAh g−1I (265 mAh g−1electrode, based on entire mass loading) and record‐high energy density of up to 2013 Wh kg−1I (845 Wh kg−1electrode). To support these findings, experimental characterisations and density functional theory calculations were conducted to elucidate the redox chemistry involved in this novel interhalogen strategy. We believe our paradigm presented here has a foreseeable inspiring effect on other halogen batteries for high‐energy‐density pursuit.
Mass mortality of the Critically Endangered naked characin (Gymnocharacinus bergii): Possible causes and impact
Authors: Quiroga Sofía , Povedano Hernán E. , Solimano Patricio J. , Velasco Melina A. , Martorelli Sergio R. , Montes Martín M. , Barneche Jorge A. , Catrin Laura , Cartes Víctor Fernández , Maggioni Matías , Soricetti Mariano , Kacoliris Federico
Published: September 2023

The naked characin (Gymnocharacinus bergii) is the only endemic fish of the arid Patagonia of Argentina, living only in the thermal headwaters of the Valcheta Stream in the Somuncura Plateau. This species is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List.

In April 2018, a massive mortality event was observed in the species. Parasitological studies identified the cause as an epidemic of white spot disease, caused by the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich).

Ich is a common disease in aquaculture settings, but it has also been reported as an epizootic in wild fish populations across tropical and temperate regions worldwide. This occurrence is associated with the introduction of fish into non‐native environments.

This article presents the first recorded instance of a mass mortality event and Ich outbreak in the naked characin. It includes a mapping of the disease in the headwaters of the stream, an estimation of the impact on the species' population size, and an analysis of potential causes associated with this epidemic.

The results indicate that the epizootic produced mortality of 82% of the global population of the naked characin and was linked to the presence and high abundances of the invasive fish species Uruguay tetra (Cheirodon interruptus). The disease occurred in stream sectors where both characid species coexist, particularly in areas with the highest water temperatures.

The Ich outbreak represents the most recent and severe threat recorded for the Critically Endangered naked characin. Implementing control measures against the invasive Uruguay tetra is imperative to prevent future outbreaks that could push the species to the brink of extinction in the near future.

This study provides crucial information for assessing current management interventions and developing new strategies within the framework of the action plan for naked characin conservation.
Bemessungsansätze für regenerative Versorgungskonzepte von Bestandsbauten am Beispiel Geothermie und Photovoltaik
Authors: Freudenberg Peggy , Jüttner Anne , Weiss Dirk
Published: September 2023

Für eine Integration regenerativer Energiequellen in das Versorgungskonzept von Bestands‐ und Neubauten sollten bereits frühzeitig Überlegungen zu den erforderlichen Flächen auf dem Grundstück und am Gebäude angestellt werden, weil zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch viele Entscheidungsfreiheiten vorhanden sind. Bislang gibt es für die Bemessung dieser Flächen keine geeigneten Ansätze. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Ansatz über Bemessungsdiagramme verfolgt, welche wesentliche Verhältniskennwerte abbilden. Sie wurden beispielhaft für ein Quartier in Freiberg mit typischen Kennwerten für ein Mehrfamilienhaus, mit den Standort‐Bodeneigenschaften, Strahlungseinträgen etc. erstellt. Zu den für die Bemessung von Erdwärmekollektoren verwendeten Kennwerten zählt neben der Geometrie (Verhältnis Umfang zu Fläche des Kollektors) auch der nutzflächenbezogene Heizenergiebedarf. Die Ermittlung des Optimums erfolgt über eine Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung. Eine Übertragung auf andere Standorte und Bauwerkstypen ist möglich. Ebenso ist eine Erweiterung auf zusätzliche Bemessungskennwerte sinnvoll. Das Anwendungspotenzial dieses Diagrammansatzes zur ersten Abschätzung und Flächenbemessung ist groß und es kann durch seinen geringen Anwendungsaufwand wesentlich dazu beitragen, die Hürden für den Einsatz regenerativer Energien abzubauen und ihre wirtschaftlich‐sinnvolle Anwendung zu stärken.
Entwicklungen in der numerischen Modellierung geotechnischer Randwertprobleme
Authors: Machaček Jan , Staubach Patrick
Published: September 2023

In diesem Aufsatz werden neue Entwicklungen im Rahmen des Finite‐Elemente‐Programms numgeo vorgestellt und deren Anwendbarkeit und Robustheit durch Simulation eines erdbebenbeanspruchten wassergesättigten Damms und das Herausziehen von (Verpress‐)Ankern gezeigt. Die Simulation von seismisch belasteten wassergesättigten Böschungen stellt hohe Anforderungen an die verfügbaren Elementformulierungen und Stoffmodelle, für welche numgeo speziell entwickelt wurde. Die Robustheit und Anwendbarkeit der Letztgenannten wird durch die automatische Kalibrierungssoftware numgeo‐ACT erheblich verbessert. Für die Simulation des Ausziehwiderstands von Ankern spielt das Kontaktverhalten zwischen Verpressgut und umliegendem Boden eine entscheidende Rolle. In diesem Beitrag wird durch die Nachrechnung von Modellversuchen demonstriert, dass ein einfaches Coulombsches Reibmodell für die Beschreibung des Kontaktverhaltens nicht ausreicht, um den Ausziehwiderstand adäquat zu bestimmen. Mithilfe des in numgeo implementierten hypoplastischen Reibmodells können wesentlich bessere Prognosen erzielt werden.
Vergleichende Untersuchung von Software zur Erstellung des Fachmodells Baugrund
Authors: Bauer Jörg , Beck Johannes , Clostermann Dennis , Henke Sascha , Schwabe Kevin , Tilger Klaus
Published: September 2023

Bei Building Information Modeling (BIM) findet der Baugrund eine zunehmende Beachtung. Der Sachverständige für Geotechnik hat das Fachmodell Baugrund zu erstellen, welches neben der geometrischen Abbildung der Baugrundschichten auch die Informationen aus dem Geotechnischen Bericht enthalten muss. Neben der Schwierigkeit, dass der Auftraggeber derzeit häufig keine klaren Vorgaben zu den Informationsinhalten und Strukturierungen des Fachmodells Baugrund macht, sind Einschränkungen bei der Modellierung auch von der verwendeten Softwareapplikation gegeben. Der vorliegende Beitrag vergleicht die Erstellung des Fachmodells Baugrund mit vier auf dem Markt verbreiteten Softwareapplikationen anhand eines fiktiven Testprojekts. Die dabei festgestellten Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Modellierungsaufwands, der für die Modellierung nutzbaren Funktionalitäten und der anschließenden sinnvollen Nutzbarkeit des Modells in einem BIM‐Gesamtmodell sowie weitere allgemeinere Aspekte wie Serviceangebote, Einarbeitungshilfen und Interaktionsmöglichkeiten mit anderen Softwareapplikationen sind gegenübergestellt und beschrieben. Anhand eines Baugrundschnitts werden die prinzipiellen Unterschiede der geometrischen Modellierungsergebnisse gezeigt. Basierend auf den gewonnenen Erfahrungen werden zuletzt einige erforderliche Entwicklungsschritte der Softwareapplikationen aufgeführt.
Thermodynamische Untersuchungen an flüssigen Mischsystemen von Aceton und n‐Pentan sowie von Aceton und n‐Hexan
Authors: Rall W. , Schäfer Kl.
Published: September 2023

In einer Umlaufapparatur wurden die Verdampfungsgleichgewichte an den Systemen Aceton/n‐Pentan und Aceton/n‐Hexan in einem größeren Temperaturbereich untersucht. Für die Berechnung der Aktivitätskoeffizienten aus den gemessenen Daten wurden die Realgaskorrekturen berücksichtigt. Die Isothermen der Aktivitätskoeffizienten ließen sich sehr gut durch einen 3‐konstantigen Ansatz nach Redlich und Kister darstellen, was beweist, daß dieselben thermodynamisch widerspruchsfrei sind. Für den Temperaturverlauf der Redlich‐Kister‐Konstanten, durch die ja die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Aktivitätskoeffizienten gegeben ist, wurden explizite Formeln aufgestellt. Es wurde die freie molare Exzeßenthalpie für die Systeme bei + 20°C bestimmt. Ferner wurden die Formeln für die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Redlich‐Kister‐Konstanten überprüft, indem nach einem unten angegebenen Verfahren die Löslichkeitskurven dieser Mischsysteme berechnet wurden. Die berechneten Löslichkeitskurven erwiesen sich mit den von Wolff und Bernstorff experimentell ermittelten in weitgehender Übereinstimmung.
Ionen‐ und Elektronenleitung in Silberbromid und Abweichungen von der idealen stöchiometrischen Zusammensetzung
Authors: Wagner Carl
Published: September 2023

In festem Silberbromid ist die Ionenleitfähigkeit praktisch unabhängig von der Silberaktivitãt aAg bzw. dem Brompartialdruck. Die Überschußelektronen‐Leitfähigkeit ist proportional aAg, die Defektelektronen‐Leitfähigkeit umgekehrt proportional aAg, Aus Messungen verschiedener Autoren werden Werte der Teilleitfähigkeiten als Funktionen von aAg bei 277 und 25 °C berechnet. Es wird abgeschätzt, daß das Ag/Br‐Verhältnis in AgBr bei 277 °C zwischen den sehr engen Grenzen 1 + 10−12 (für Gleichgewicht mit Ag) und 1 — 10−7 (für Gleichgewicht mit Bromdampf, 1 atm) veränderlich ist. Die Breite des für Elektronen verbotenen Bandes wird zu 2,4 eV berechnet.
Über den Einfluß der Bindungselektronen auf die Intensitäten der Röntgenreflexe des Diamanten
Authors: Brill R.
Published: September 2023

Es wird gezeigt, daß sich beim Diamant die beobachteten Intensitäten der Röntgenreflexe bei kleinen Streuwinkeln (Ordnungen niedriger als 331) formelmäßig nur dann völlig richtig wiedergeben lassen, wenn man bei der Berechnung des Strukturfaktors die durch die kovalente Bindung verursachte Ladungsanhäufung in der Mitte zwischen je zwischen je C‐Atomen als Streuzentren mit einem atomaren Streufaktor fe einführt. Ausdrücke für fe als Funktion von sinθ/LD wurden gegeben. Auf die Rolle dieser Ladungsanhäufung (von etwa 1/3 Elektronen) bei der exakten Bestimmung von Lagen‐Parametern in Kohlenstoffverbindungen wird hingewiesen.
Dielektrische Untersuchungen zum Relaxationsverhalten verdünnter Lösungen im Mikrowellenbereich
Authors: Zeil Werner , Fischer Hermann , Metzger Wolfgang , Wagner Karl , Haase Joachim
Published: September 2023

Im Mikrowellenbereich wurden bei verschiedenen Frequenzen und Temperaturen Real‐ und Imaginärteil der Dielektrizitätskonstanten von aromatischen Dipolmolekülen in den Lösungsmitteln Benzol, n‐Heptan, Tetrachlorkohlenstoff und Dekalin vermessen und daraus die Relaxationszeiten bestimmt. Eine Auswertung nach den Kauzman‐Eyringschen Vorstellungen über den Rotationsplatzwechsel zeigt eine Abhängigkeit der Aktivierungsenthalpie von den zwischenmolekularen Kräften und eine Abhängigkeit der Aktivierungs‐entropie vom freien Volumen des Lösungsmittels sowie von der Größe des Dipolmoleküls.
Schwingungsspektren homologer und stellungsisomerer n‐Alkanderivate 1. Mitteilung: Infrarot‐ und ramanspektroskopische Untersuchungen an homologen n‐Alkanslufochloriden
Authors: Geiseler G. , Bindernagel K. O.
Published: September 2023

Es wurde eine größere Zahl primärer n‐Alkansulfochloride im Bereich von C1 bis C12 infrarot‐ und raman‐spektroskopisch untersucht. Die IR‐Banden bzw. Raman‐Linien der niedermolekularen Verbindungen konnten weitgehend zugeordnet werden. Sehr lagekonstant sind die SO2‐Valenzbanden; sie zeigen jedoch in Abhängigkeit von der C‐Zahl ein deutliches Alternieren. Die C–S‐Valenzschwingung wird bei den Anfangsgliedern mit wachsender Größe des Alkylrestes nach kleineren Wellenzahlen verschoben, bleibt aber bereits vom Propansulfochlorid ab lagekonstant. Die Deformationsbanden der SO2Cl‐Gruppe werden stärker vom Alkylrest beeinflußt, sind jedoch weniger charakteristisch. Von den Banden der Alkylreste zeigen die CH2‐Bendingschwingungen zwischen 1410 und 1470 cm−1 bei den Anfangsgliedern mit zunehmender C‐Zahl eine Verschiebung nach höheren Wellenzahlen. Eine Bande, die ab Propansulfochlorid bei 860 cm−1 auftritt und der CH2‐Rockingschwingung zuzuordnen ist, verschiebt sich mit wachsender Alkylgröße sehr stark nach höheren Wellenzahlen. Obwohl von geringer Intensität, kann sie zur Bestimmung der Kettenlänge herangezogen werden.
Absorptions‐ und Phosphoreszenzspektren der Mono‐ und der Diazanaphthaline (π‐π‐Phosphoreszenz nach ṅ‐π‐Absorption bei den Diazanaphthalinen)
Authors: Müller Richard , Dörr Friedrich
Published: September 2023

Die Absorptions‐ und Phosphoreszenzspektren von Chinolin, Isochinolin, 4‐Methylcinnolin, Chinazolin, Chinoxalin, Phthalazin und 1,5‐Naphthyridin wurden in unpolarer, polarer und saurer Lösung aufgenommen und mit dem Absorptions‐ und Phosphoreszenzspektrum des Naphthalins verglichen. Die Diazanaphthaline zeigen eine n‐π‐Absorptionsbande, aber überraschenderweise auch bei Anregung in der n‐π‐Bande die gleiche π‐π‐Phosphoreszenz wie Naphthalin. Dies wird so erklärt, daß während des strahlungslosen Übergangs vom angeregten Singulett‐ auf den Triplettzustand die nicht bindende sp2‐Bahn des Stickstoffs durch ein π‐Elektron aufgefüllt wird, so daß dann das angeregte Elektron in dessen Lücke fallen kann.
Radiochemische Untersuchung von Fällungsreaktionen
Authors: Lieser K. H.
Published: September 2023

Radiochemische Messungen an Erdalkalisulfaten unter Verwendung von 45Ca bzw. 90Sr bzw. 140 Ba zeigen, daß die Fallung mit derselben Halbwertszeit verläuft wie der heterogene Isotopenaustausch der Erdalkaliionen an der Oberfläche der festen Erdalkalisulfate. Die Geschwindigkeit beider Vorgänge wird in gleicher Weise durch die Oberflächenreaktion an der Grenzfläche Bodenkörper/Lösung bestimmt, nicht durch die Diffusion in der Lösung. Im Falle des Systems Sr++(gelöst)/SrSO4(fest) wird eine Aktivierungsenergie von etwa 19 kcal/Mol benötigt. Aussagen über die Teilvorgänge der Fällung werden gewonnen durch Messungen der spezifischen Aktivität in der Lösung als Funktion der Zeit während der Fällung von Bariumsulfat aus 0,01 und 0,001 m‐Lösungen. Die Kurven für die relative Gesamtoberfläche und für die relative mittlere Kristallgröße lassen das Kristallwachstum, die Reifung und zum Teil auch die Keimbildung erkennen. Die Reifung erfolgt in alien Fällen nach dem von Ostwald vorgeschlagenen Mechanismus.
Komprimierte Materie in Stoßwellen
Authors: Wagner H. Gg.
Published: September 2023

Mit Stoßwellen können in Flüssigkeiten und Festkörpern sehr viel höhere Drucke und Temperaturen als in statischen Systemen erreicht werden. In dieser Übersicht wird über die Bestimmung von Zustandsgleichungen mittels Stoßwellen für Metalle, Ionenkristalle, Flüssigkeiten u. a. bis zu Drucken, die teilweise über 106 bar lagen, berichtet. Weiter werden Messungen von Phasenumwandlungen, optischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften von einigen Stoffen bei sehr hohen Drucken in Stoßwellen besprochen.
Selbstdiffusion in Äthylen im Zustandsgebiet um den kritischen Punkt
Authors: Hamann H. , Richtering H. , Zucker U.
Published: September 2023

An reinem Äthylen wurden Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten mit der Kernspin‐Echo‐Methode in der Umgebung des kritischen Punktes gemessen. Aus den bei T = TK + 0,7 °C und ϱ=ϱK ermittelten Werten ergeben sich keine Hinweise auf einen ungewöhnlichen Diffusionskoeffizienten am kritischen Punkt.
Messungen der Viskosität des Wassers bis 560 °C und 3500 bar
Authors: Dudziak K. H. , Franck E. U.
Published: September 2023

Die Viskosität des Wassers wurde bis zu 560 °C bei Drucken bis zu 3500 bar gemessen. Dabei wurde die Methode der „schwingenden Scheibe”︁ angewendet. Das Schwingungssystem, das aus geschliffenen Sinterkorundscheiben bestand, war in einem drehbar gelagerten Hochdruckautoklaven untergebracht. Die Apparatur wird beschrieben, und die etwa 100 Meßwerte werden mitgeteilt. Die Berechnung der Viskosität aus den gemessenen logarithmischen Dekrementen erfolgte mit Hilfe eines Iterationsverfahrens und mit Anpassung an Literaturwerte, die bis 800 bar vorhanden sind. Der Absolutfehler der Meßergebnisse ergibt sich dabei zu maximal ±5%. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Viskosität ist unterhalb einer Dichte von 0,8 g/cm3 positiv, darüber negativ. Ein Vergleich der Meßwerte mit statistisch‐mechanischen Ergebnissen für ein Modellgas aus starren Kugeln ergibt Abweichungen bis zu 25%.
Löslichkeitsgleichgewichte des FeCl3 in CCI4 im hypo‐ und hyperkritischen Gebiet
Authors: Knappwost A. , Schmidt W. , Vogt H.
Published: September 2023

Mittels einer speziellen Methode, gekennzeichnet durch die Trennung der Druckbelastung der Autoklavenmaterialien von ihrer thermischen und chemischen Belastung, wurde das Zustandsdiagramm des CCI4 bis 400 °C und 140 at aufgenommen und eine Beschreibung des Zustandsgebietes mittels des 2. und 3. Virialkoeffizienten versucht. Die aus der Temperaturfunktion des 2. Virialkoeffizienten sich ergebenden charakteristischen Größen des CCl4 sind in hinreichender Übereinstimmung mit nach anderen Methoden erhaltenen Daten.

In derselben Apparatur wurde die Löslichkeit des FeCl3 in CCl4 bis 320 °C nach einer neuen Methode, der Hohlkörpermethode, gemessen. Aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Löslichkeit wurde die letzte Lösungswärme im hypo‐ und hyperkritischen Gebiet bestimmt.