bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple-point statistical simulation for hydrogeological models: 3-D training image development and conditioning strategies
Authors: Høyer Anne-Sophie , Vignoli Giulio , Hansen Thomas Mejer , Vu Le Thanh , Keefer Donald A. , Jørgensen Flemming
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Most studies on the application of geostatistical simulations based on multiple-point statistics (MPS) to hydrogeological modelling focus on relatively fine-scale models and concentrate on the estimation of facies-level structural uncertainty. Much less attention is paid to the use of input data and optimal construction of training images. For instance, even though the training image should capture a set of spatial geological characteristics to guide the simulations, the majority of the research still relies on 2-D or quasi-3-D training images. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel strategy for 3-D MPS modelling characterized by (i) realistic 3-D training images and (ii) an effective workflow for incorporating a diverse group of geological and geophysical data sets. The study covers an area of 2810 km2 in the southern part of Denmark. MPS simulations are performed on a subset of the geological succession (the lower to middle Miocene sediments) which is characterized by relatively uniform structures and dominated by sand and clay. The simulated domain is large and each of the geostatistical realizations contains approximately 45 million voxels with size 100 m  ×  100 m  ×  5 m. Data used for the modelling include water well logs, high-resolution seismic data, and a previously published 3-D geological model. We apply a series of different strategies for the simulations based on data quality, and develop a novel method to effectively create observed spatial trends. The training image is constructed as a relatively small 3-D voxel model covering an area of 90 km2. We use an iterative training image development strategy and find that even slight modifications in the training image create significant changes in simulations. Thus, this study shows how to include both the geological environment and the type and quality of input information in order to achieve optimal results from MPS modelling. We present a practical workflow to build the training image and effectively handle different types of input information to perform large-scale geostatistical modelling.
Aquifer configuration and geostructural links control the groundwater quality in thin-bedded carbonate–siliciclastic alternations of the Hainich CZE, central Germany
Authors: Kohlhepp Bernd , Lehmann Robert , Seeber Paul , Küsel Kirsten , Trumbore Susan E. , Totsche Kai U.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The quality of near-surface groundwater reservoirs is controlled, but also threatened, by manifold surface–subsurface interactions. Vulnerability studies typically evaluate the variable interplay of surface factors (land management, infiltration patterns) and subsurface factors (hydrostratigraphy, flow properties) in a thorough way, but disregard the resulting groundwater quality. Conversely, hydrogeochemical case studies that address the chemical evolution of groundwater often lack a comprehensive analysis of the structural buildup. In this study, we aim to reconstruct the actual spatial groundwater quality pattern from a synoptic analysis of the hydrostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, pedology and land use in the Hainich Critical Zone Exploratory (Hainich CZE). This CZE represents a widely distributed yet scarcely described setting of thin-bedded mixed carbonate–siliciclastic strata in hillslope terrains. At the eastern Hainich low-mountain hillslope, bedrock is mainly formed by alternated marine sedimentary rocks of the Upper Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) that partly host productive groundwater resources. Spatial patterns of the groundwater quality of a 5.4 km long well transect are derived by principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Aquifer stratigraphy and geostructural links were deduced from lithological drill core analysis, mineralogical analysis, geophysical borehole logs and mapping data. Maps of preferential recharge zones and recharge potential were deduced from digital (soil) mapping, soil survey data and field measurements of soil hydraulic conductivities (Ks). By attributing spatially variable surface and subsurface conditions, we were able to reconstruct groundwater quality clusters that reflect the type of land management in their preferential recharge areas, aquifer hydraulic conditions and cross-formational exchange via caprock sinkholes or ascending flow. Generally, the aquifer configuration (spatial arrangement of strata, valley incision/outcrops) and related geostructural links (enhanced recharge areas, karst phenomena) control the role of surface factors (input quality and locations) vs. subsurface factors (water–rock interaction, cross-formational flow) for groundwater quality in the multi-layered aquifer system. Our investigation reveals general properties of alternating sequences in hillslope terrains that are prone to forming multi-layered aquifer systems. This synoptic analysis is fundamental and indispensable for a mechanistic understanding of ecological functioning, sustainable resource management and protection.
Using street view imagery for 3-D survey of rock slope failures
Authors: Voumard Jérémie , Abellán Antonio , Nicolet Pierrick , Penna Ivanna , Chanut Marie-Aurélie , Derron Marc-Henri , Jaboyedoff Michel
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We discuss here different challenges and limitations of surveying rock slope failures using 3-D reconstruction from image sets acquired from street view imagery (SVI). We show how rock slope surveying can be performed using two or more image sets using online imagery with photographs from the same site but acquired at different instances. Three sites in the French alps were selected as pilot study areas: (1) a cliff beside a road where a protective wall collapsed, consisting of two image sets (60 and 50 images in each set) captured within a 6-year time frame; (2) a large-scale active landslide located on a slope at 250 m from the road, using seven image sets (50 to 80 images per set) from five different time periods with three image sets for one period; (3) a cliff over a tunnel which has collapsed, using two image sets captured in a 4-year time frame. The analysis include the use of different structure from motion (SfM) programs and a comparison between the extracted photogrammetric point clouds and a lidar-derived mesh that was used as a ground truth. Results show that both landslide deformation and estimation of fallen volumes were clearly identified in the different point clouds. Results are site- and software-dependent, as a function of the image set and number of images, with model accuracies ranging between 0.2 and 3.8 m in the best and worst scenario, respectively. Although some limitations derived from the generation of 3-D models from SVI were observed, this approach allowed us to obtain preliminary 3-D models of an area without on-field images, allowing extraction of the pre-failure topography that would not be available otherwise.
The Onsager–Machlup functional for data assimilation
Authors: Sugiura Nozomi
Published: December 2017

Abstract. When taking the model error into account in data assimilation, one needs to evaluate the prior distribution represented by the Onsager–Machlup functional. Through numerical experiments, this study clarifies how the prior distribution should be incorporated into cost functions for discrete-time estimation problems. Consistent with previous theoretical studies, the divergence of the drift term is essential in weak-constraint 4D-Var (w4D-Var), but it is not necessary in Markov chain Monte Carlo with the Euler scheme. Although the former property may cause difficulties when implementing w4D-Var in large systems, this paper proposes a new technique for estimating the divergence term and its derivative.
‘Look No Further than the Exterior’: Corruption and Disaster in New Zealand?
Authors: Matthewman Steve
Published: December 2017

Transparency International considers New Zealand the least corrupt country in the world. Yet ranking systems can flatter to deceive. This article takes a critical stance towards their global classification, which is a perceptions-based measure that ignores the private sector. In so doing, it heeds David Beetham’s (2015) call for a broader definition of corruption, one that acknowledges the subjugation of the public sphere to secure private advantage. Jane Kelsey (2015: 11, 150) has noted that New Zealand is ‘at the pure end of the neoliberal spectrum’, being ‘first to liberalise, last to regulate’. These points are examined with particular reference to corruption, the construction industry and the country’s numerous housing problems. The opening section of How Corrupt is Britain?, in which Beetham’s work appears, is titled ‘Neoliberalism and Corruption’. This article questions the need for the conjunction.
Dawn L Rothe and David Kauzlarich (2016) Crimes of the Powerful: An Introduction. Oxford: Routledge.
Authors: Haines Fiona
Published: December 2017

Not applicable
Special Edition: Corruption Downunder - Guest Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Poynting Scott , Whyte David
Published: December 2017

This special issue gathers and enlarges upon papers that were first presented at the interdisciplinary ‘Corruption Downunder’ symposium held at the University of Auckland in November 2015; most of the papers published here stem from the lively and collegial discussions at the symposium. At that time New Zealand was authoritatively measured (by Transparency International) to be Number 2 ‘least corrupt’ nation in the world; it is now tied at Number 1 with Denmark. What this rank, as measured by Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), actually counts for is something that we explore in this special issue. On the face of it, it would seem perverse to be focusing on corruption in such a place as New Zealand. With its larger northern neighbour Australia listed at a respectable 11th out of 175 that same year (2014 data), why would a bunch of academics want to engage in serious discussions about the problem of corruption ‘downunder’? New Zealand has never been ranked outside of the top four, and has been ranked Number 1 in a total of 12 out of 22 years since the survey began. Australia is generally ranked in the top ten and has never been out of the top 13 least corrupt countries since the survey began.

To access the full text of the introducton to this special issue on corruption downunder, download the accompanying PDF file.
The Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management on Institutionalization Process
Authors: YILMAZ YAVUZ , KITAPCI HAKAN
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of strategic human resource management between the mechanisms of institutionalization made up institutionalization process and the stages of institutionalization. This issue is researched in the light of data collected through a survey of 125 businesses with human resources department, which are in Kocaeli organized industry region. The assessment of the data is done with structural equation modeling. The analysis shows that strategic human resource management has a positive effect on institutionalization process. The main limitations of this study are the quantity and quality of sample and the number of data that are used in this study. While the researches that examine theoretically the relations between institutional theory and strategic human resource management exist, the hypothesis in this study is analyzed by using empirical data.
Wear rate and medium-term survival of a cemented, moderately cross-linked polyethylene acetabular prosthesis
Authors: Barkatali Bilal M. , Alexander Dinesh P. , Gambhir Anil K. , Wynn Jones Henry , Board Tim N.
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

The moderately cross-linked Depuy Marathon® cemented acetabular component was introduced into the UK in 2007. The wear rate for the previously introduced Marathon® uncemented acetabular component has been reported to range from 0.06 to 0.01 mm/year. The aim of this study was to present the medium-term results and wear rate of the Marathon® cemented prosthesis used in primary total hip arthroplasty.

Methods:

103 Marathon® cemented acetabular components were implanted between 2008 and 2009 in primary arthroplasty, who were eligible for this study. All patients received a metal 28-mm head. Mean age was 68 years (range 27-87). Mean clinical follow-up was 55 months (range 50-61). Mean radiological follow-up was 46 months (range 24-57). Wear was calculated on AP radiographs using computer-assisted uni-radiographic technique.

Results:

The mean wear was 0.37 mm (range 0.0-0.78 mm). The wear rate was calculated as 0.03 mm/year (95% confidence interval 0.02-0.06). Postoperative complications included deep vein thrombosis (2%) and dislocation (0.8%); there were no deep infections. There were no revisions for failure of the Marathon® cemented acetabular component.

Conclusions:

The Marathon® cemented acetabular component demonstrates satisfactory wear rates and survivorship at medium-term follow-up.
Systematic review: lack of evidence for the success of revision arthroplasty outcome in younger patients
Authors: Schmitz Marloes W.J.L. , Timmer Carla , Hannink Gerjon , Schreurs Berend W.
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

Total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in younger patients are becoming increasingly popular. However, the outcome of subsequent revisions in younger patients is not well known and, therefore, their success (subsequent revision prosthesis survival) might be overestimated. We investigated available data on the outcome of primary- and subsequent revision THAs performed in the same cohort of patients who underwent primary THA under the age of 50.

Methods:

Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) were searched up until April 13, 2016 for studies that reported both the survival of primary and subsequent revisions THA of single cohorts of patients younger than 50. Eligible articles had to include Kaplan Meier analysis or competing risk analysis for survival of the primary THA at a mean follow-up of 10 years, as well as for the subsequent revision THA within the same cohort.

Results:

We found 4,799 unique records; 43 of which were potentially eligible. Only 1 paper met our inclusion criteria. It reported on the survival of 69 primary prostheses at a mean of more than 10 years follow-up and 13 subsequent revisions.

Conclusions:

There is a clear lack of evidence about the outcomes of the revision arthroplasty in younger patients. Only 1 study reported the survival-rate of subsequent revision arthroplasty with the minimum 10-year survival rate of the original THA cohort. In the future, this serious lack of knowledge could result in a large number of patients with no further reconstructive options after failed THA, and a large medical burden for society.
Experience and outcome data of the British non-arthroplasty hip registry
Authors: Humphrey Joel A. , George Marc D. , Bankes Marcus J.K.
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

The non-arthroplasty hip registry (NAHR) is a United Kingdom national register that monitors the efficacy of hip preservation surgery. We aim to highlight early experiences of incorporating the NAHR into our practice at a tertiary centre.

Methods:

Between December 2013 and February 2015, 381 patients were identified on the NAHR database that had undergone non-arthroplasty hip surgery. Patient-related outcome measures EuroQuol 5D-5L (EQ-5D) and the International Hip Outcome Tool 12 (iHOT-12) were recorded at baseline and 6 months.

Results:

The 289 arthroscopic surgeries showed a statistical significant difference (p<0.05) in iHOT-12 for both males (45.21-65.07) and females (34.57 to 55.53), and in EQ-5D for both males (0.59-0.75) and females (0.56-0.65). The 92 open procedures showed a statistical significant difference (p<0.05) in both iHOT-12 (31.71-62.42) and EQ-5D (0.54-0.68).

Conclusions:

Overall our results from the NAHR indicate hip preservation surgery is effective at relieving pain and improving quality of life in the short term.
The cardiotomy reservoir – a preliminary evaluation of a new cell source for cardiovascular tissue engineering
Authors: von Nathusius Sophie , König Fabian , Sodian Ralf , Born Frank , Hagl Christian , Thierfelder Nikolaus
Published: December 2017

Objectives:

Cell sources for cardiovascular tissue engineering (TE) are scant. However, the need for an ideal TE cardiovascular implant persists. We investigated the cardiotomy reservoir (CR) as a potential cell source that is more accessible and less ethically problematic.

Methods:

CR (n = 10) were removed from the bypass system after surgery. Isolation was performed using different isolation methods: blood samples were taken from the cardiopulmonary bypass and centrifuged at low density. The venous filter screen was cut out and placed into petri dishes for cultivation. The spongelike filter was removed, washed and treated in the same way as the blood samples. After cultivation, cell lines of fibroblasts (FB) and endothelial cells (EC) were obtained for analysis. The cells were seeded on polyurethane patches and analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Life/Dead assay and immunohistochemistry.

Results:

No correlation between age, time of surgery and quality of cells was observed. The successful extraction of FB and was proven by positive staining results for TE-7, CD31 and vWF. Cell morphology, cytoskeleton staining and quantification of proliferation using WST-1 assay resembled the cells of the control group in all ways. The topography of a confluent and vital cell layer after cell seeding was displayed by SEM analysis, Life/Dead Assay and immunohistochemistry. The establishment of an extracellular matrix (ECM) was proven by positive staining for collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin and elastin.

Conclusions:

Viable FB and EC cell lines were extracted from the CR after surgery. Easy access and high availability make this cell source destined for widespread application in cardiovascular tissue engineering.
Radiation suppresses neointimal hyperplasia through affecting proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Yuan Liqin , Shu Chang , Zhou Xiao , Li Jiehua , Wang Lunchang , Li Xin , Xiong Xiang , Li Lun
Published: December 2017

Purpose:

To study the effect of x-ray radiotherapy on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and elucidate the mechanisms in preventing neointimal hyperplasia of prosthetic vascular grafts.

Materials and methods:

In model I, twelve mongrel dogs underwent revascularization with prosthetic grafts and half the dogs underwent irradiation of the grafts at 28 Gy. In model II, human VSMCs (hVSMCs) were maintained and divided into six groups to which external radiation was applied at six different doses: 0 Gy, 2 Gy, 8 Gy, 16 Gy, 24 Gy and 30 Gy. In both models, specimens were harvested and examined by using morphological, immunological, cellular and molecular methods.

Results:

After irradiation, the neointima thickness was significantly lower in irradiated groups (p≤0.01). The radiotherapy could up-regulate p27kip1, and down-regulate proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and S phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2). X-ray irradiation inhibits the proliferation of hVSMCs via acting on G1/S phase of cell cycle. The apoptosis of hVSMCs increased significantly with dose and time. The expression of PCNA and Skp2 were decreased after a first increasing trend with dose, but had a significant negative correlation with time. The expression of p27kip1 had a significant positive correlation with dose and time.

Conclusions:

Postoperative external fractionated irradiation after prosthetic vessel replacement of the abdominal aorta suppressed the development of hyperplasia in the graft neointima in the short term. There was a prominent time- and dose-dependent inhibition of VSMC proliferation by radiation when it was administered.
Dreams and illusions in adolescents with terminal cancer
Authors: Veneroni Laura , Ferrari Andrea , Proserpio Tullio , Pagani Bagliacca Elena , Podda Marta , Massimino Maura , Alfredo Clerici Carlo
Published: December 2017

Being diagnosed with cancer in adolescence generally has important emotional consequences: adolescent cancer patients need to be seen as special cases with particular medical and psychosocial needs. This is especially true when a young patient is faced with a progressive, incurable disease. Herein, we report the story of a 17-year-old girl with a metastatic refractory soft tissue sarcoma who tells her dream to the psychologist of the ward. Telling this narrative is the opportunity to discuss the complex topic of how adolescent cancer patients adapt to the terminal stage of their disease; for example, the patient needs to talk to someone about their fear of dying; the healthcare operators need to be able properly listen and communicate; the patient’s trust in the future despite their clinical condition; the necessity to leave space for hope; the useful role of the imagination sphere; the issue of whether and how to tell a person who is terminally ill the truth about their condition.
The Post-Truth About Philosophy and Rhetoric
Authors: Fuller Steve
Published: December 2017

This fiftieth anniversary reflection begins by recalling a debate on its pages about the origins of rhetoric, which queried the relationship between Plato and the Sophists. I argue that contrary to the shared assumption of the scholars in this debate, Plato and the Sophists differed less over what counts as good philosophical/rhetorical practice than over whether its access should be free or restricted. An implication of this proposed shift in interpretation is that Plato and the Sophists are both reasonably seen as “post-truth” thinkers, concerned more with the mix of chance and skill in the construction of truth than with the truth as such. Focusing on Plato's hostility to playwrights, I argue that at stake is control over “modal power,” which is ultimately about defining the sphere of what is possible in society. I end with a brief discussion of the problematic of public relations as an ongoing contemporary version of much the same story.
Bernard Shaw's Other Playbook: The Playlets Outside the Plays
Authors: Weintraub Stanley
Published: December 2017

From his beginnings as a writer, Bernard Shaw seemed to think in terms of stage dialogue. In articles, reviews, prefaces, and prose satires, he devised playlets that could be performed. A sampling are rediscovered in this article.
Premieres Unpleasant: How the Infamous Debut of Shelley's The Cenci Helped Make Shaw a Playwright
Authors: Armstrong James
Published: December 2017

Percy Bysshe Shelley's drama The Cenci premiered in 1886, with a young Bernard Shaw handling press relations. This production helped to shape Shaw as a playwright, firing him up with a new realization of the potential for serious drama. At the same time, the perceived failure of the play guided Shaw away from certain false paths, helping to steer him toward the creation of his first three “unpleasant plays”: Widowers Houses, The Philanderer, and Mrs. Warren's Profession. While composing these three plays, Shaw wrestled with Shelley, dealing with aesthetic issues as well as moral ones. Ultimately, Shaw was able to create a new type of drama in direct response to his early experience with The Cenci. Though Shaw himself recognized the influence The Cenci had on his work, the impact of Shelley's play has been underappreciated.
A Rendezvous in Beijing: Young Marshal Chang Hsiao Liang and Bernard Shaw
Authors: Li Kay
Published: December 2017

This article focuses on the meeting between Bernard Shaw and the famous “Young Marshal” (so-named) Chang Hsiao Liang in February 1933 in Beijing, and how that meeting was constructed into Chinese political and military history. In meeting Chang, Shaw became part of the Young Marshal's strategic move to advocate the need to fight Japanese aggression in China. Chang Hsiao Liang was the number two political and military leader in China at that time, and was advocating using Chinese military forces to fight Japanese aggression, while the number one leader, Chiang Kai-shek, wanted instead to encircle communist forces under Mao Zedong. In meeting Shaw, Chang could leverage on the Nobel Laureate's international stature to further his political agenda.
GBS and the USA: The Beginnings of the Beginning
Authors: Conolly L. W.
Published: December 2017

The beginning of Shaw's serious engagement with America and Americans is normally associated with Richard Mansfield's production of Arms and the Man at New York's Herald Square Theatre on 17 September 1894. While it is true, as one of Mansfield's biographers put it, that prior to Mansfield's Arms and the Man Shaw was merely “a small speck on the horizon” for most Americans, a reexamination of several secondary sources and new evidence from previously unexplored manuscript sources reveal that Shaw's interest in America had started to take shape long before 1894. This article argues that Shaw's early encounters with American social and political values laid the foundation for his subsequent and frequent condemnations of American society.
A 2001 Letter from Thom Steinbeck to Stephen L. Hauk
Authors: Hauk Steve , Ray William
Published: December 2017

Around the year 2000, Thomas and Gail Steinbeck consigned a painting by William Ward Beecher to Hauk Fine Arts, located in Pacific Grove, not far from Holman's, the department store made famous by John Steinbeck in Cannery Row. As Steve Hauk explains, it was a portrait of John Steinbeck's two sons, Thom and his younger brother John, painted outdoors, “the boys looking like characters out of Mark Twain.” Steve asked Thom for his memories of sitting for the painting, and Thom recalled the event vividly.
Reproduction, longevity and life table parameters of Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera: Tingidae) at constant temperatures
Authors: Sánchez-Ramos Ismael , Pascual Susana , Fernández Cristina E. , González-Núñez Manuel
Published: December 2017

Information on the effect of temperature on biological parameters of phytophagous insects is one of the tools in IPM programs, as it allows prediction of risk situations in the field. This work reports the effect of temperature on reproductive parameters and longevity of one of the most important current pests of almond orchards in the Mediterranean basin, the poplar lace bug, Monosteira unicostata (Mulsant & Rey) (Hemiptera: Tingidae). The temperatures tested were 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 and 37ºC, always at 60 ± 10% relative humidity and under a L16:D8 photoperiod. Extreme temperatures had an adverse effect on preoviposition period, total fecundity and daily fecundity while increasing values of oviposition period and adults longevity were registered for decreasing temperatures. Male longevity was higher than female longevity, and mortality pattern differed between sexes for all temperatures but 37ºC. The nonlinear Lactin model described accurately the effect of temperature on the intrinsic rate of natural increase of M. unicostata populations and predicted the optimum temperature for population increase at 34.1ºC, at which the population doubling time is 3.6 days. Produced values of lower and upper thresholds for M. unicostata populations were 14.8 and 38.8ºC, respectively. This characterizes the poplar lace bug as a very important pest in the Mediterranean basin, with an increasing potential risk in a global warming scenario.
A prognostic model for stratifying clinical outcomes in chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone acetate
Authors: Khalaf Daniel Joseph , Avilés Claudia M. , Azad Arun A. , Sunderland Katherine , Todenhöfer Tilman , Eigl Berhard J. , Finch Daygen , Le Lyly , Atwell Andrew , Keith Bruce , Kollmannsberger Christian , Chi Kim. N.
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Recently, a prognostic index including six risk factors (RFs) (unfavourable Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status [ECOG PS], presence of liver metastases, short response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonists/ antagonists, low albumin, increased alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) was developed from the COUAA- 301 trial in post-chemotherapy metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with abiraterone acetate. Our primary objective was to evaluate this model in a cohort of chemotherapy-naive mCRPC patients receiving abiraterone.Methods: We identified 197 chemotherapy-naive patients who received abiraterone at six BC Cancer Agency centres and who had complete information on all six RFs. Study endpoints were prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate (RR), time to PSA progression, time on treatment, and overall survival (OS). PSA RR and survival outcomes were compared using Χ2 test and log-rank test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to identify RFs independently associated with OS.Results: Patients were classified into good (0‒1 RFs), intermediate (2‒3 RFs), and poor (4‒6 RFs) prognostic groups (33%, 52%, and 15%, respectively). For good-, intermediate-, and poor-risk patients, PSA RR (≥50% decline) was 60% vs. 42% vs. 40% (p=0.05); median time to PSA progression was 7.3 vs. 5.3 vs. 5.0 months (p=0.02); and median OS was 29.4 vs. 13.8 vs. 8.7 months (p<0.0001).Conclusions: The six-factor prognostic index model stratifies clinical outcomes in chemotherapy-naive mCRPC patients treated with abiraterone. Identifying patients at risk of poor outcome is important for informing clinical practice and clinical trial design.
Nurses' Professional Commitment and Its Effect on Patient Safety
Authors: Al-Hamdan Zaid M. , Dalky Heyam , Al-Ramadneh Jehan
Published: December 2017

AIMS & OBJECTIVES: The project was designed to assess the level of professional commitment among Jordanian Registered Nurses and examine how professional commitment among nurses relates to patients' safety.BACKGROUND: Professional commitment has received a great deal of interest worldwide. Nurses constitute the largest group of healthcare professionals that spend a majority of their time at the bedside in direct patient care. Nurses have an important role in improving patient safety and providing quality of care.DESIGN: A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational design was used to answer the research questions.METHODS: A convenience sampling of 180 nurses selected from three accredited hospitals (governmental, private and university-affiliated teaching hospitals) completed two questionnaires; Professional Commitment Questionnaire (PCQ) and a Patient Safety Scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA test were used in data analysis. RESULT: Nurses' professional commitment was significantly and positively correlated with patient safety. Registered nurses perceived that their level of commitment was medium (M=3.47; SD=1.58 of a 7 point scale), with the highest mean recorded for nurses working in governmental hospitals (M=3.88; SD=1.53).  The level of perception of issues related to patient safety was slightly higher than the midpoint (M=5.94; SD=1.38 of a 9 point scale). Nurses' professional commitment was influenced by gender t (158 =-2.33; p =.02), nursing experience in current hospitals (r=- 0.193; p=0.01), current hospital sector (F=4.334, p=0.01), and monthly salary (F=12.327, p=0.000). Patient safety was influenced by nurses' educational level (F=3.306, p=0.03).CONCLUSION: This study provides a preliminary understanding of how professional commitment of registered nurses can enhance patient safety. Managerial support was deemed necessary to enhance nurses' professional commitment, which, in turn, improves healthcare outcomes.
Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors and Its Regional Distribution in Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Melkamu Dugassa , Grace Jeanne
Published: December 2017

INTRODUCTION: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing as the main cause of death, disability, unproductivity and indisposition in Ethiopia.OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to establish healthcare professionals’ perception on non-communicable disease risk factors and their regional distribution in Ethiopia.METHODS: A mixed method sequential explanatory design was conducted with a questionnaire survey obtaining quantitative replies from 312 healthcare professionals working in 13 referral hospitals in the first phase and qualitative data among 13 hospital managers in the second phase.RESULTS: Statistically significant prevalence of NCDs risk factors were reported with the lack of physical exercise (M=4.94, SD=.245, t (311) = 139.383; p < .0005), hypertension (M=4.89, SD=.312, t (311) = 107.021; p < .0005), and unhealthy diet (M=4.61, SD=.782, t (311) = 36.426; p < .0005) ranking as the top three leading NCDs risk factors. The prevalence and distribution of NCDs risk factors varied within Ethiopia, with a high perceived prevalence of lack of physical exercise, unhealthy diet, alcohol use, and blood glucose in Addis Ababa city followed by Amhara region. A high prevalence of tobacco use and hypertension was also observed in the regions of Benishangul Gumuz.CONCLUSION: The results revealed that the prevalence of NCDs risk factors are increasing in different regions of Ethiopia. Regionally specific non-communicable disease intervention strategies are required to revert the growing burden of the risk factors effectively.
Antibiotics Resistance Profile of Uropathogens Isolated from Al Buraimi Hospital, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Khalid Mansoor , Al Naimi Maryam Khalifa , Murtaza Saleem Hafiz Ghulam , Ullah Muhammad Muqeet , Al Baloshi Ahmed Yar Mohammed Dawood
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a worldwide problem of all age groups and gender. Emerging resistance to antibiotics making difficult in the choice of treatment and management of UTI cases. This study sought to determine the gender wise prevalence of common uropathogens from UTI patients and the resistance profile of uropathogens against commonly used antibiotics.METHOD: This cross sectional study was conducted in Al Buraimi Hospital, Sultanate of Oman. The data of UTI patients visited hospital was analyzed for the isolation of uropathogens from positive urine culture and antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed by disc diffusion method. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data using SPSS 21.0 and Microsoft Excel.RESULT: Total 4,480 urine samples were analyzed for isolation of uropathogens and significant bacteriuria were found in total 846 (19%) samples. Overall 728 (86%) Gram-negative and 118 (14%) Gram positive uropathogens were isolated from total (846) positive urine samples and the highest prevalence of isolates was observed in females 542(74%) than males 186(26%). E.coli was found the highest prevalent (50.3%) uropathogens followed by Klebsiella species (13.9%), Pseudomonas (6.3%), A.baumannii (4%), E.Cloacae (2.2%), Proteus species (1.4%), Citrobacter species (1.2%), M. morgani (0.3%) and Serratia species (0.1%). The highest (34.3%) antibiotic resistance was noticed in E.coli against Nalidixic Acid, however, susceptiblity was found against Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofurantoin among female and males.CONCLUSION: Overall, β- lactam antibiotics, Cephalosporins, Fluroquiolones, Macrobids would be the first line of drugs and the most effective for the empirical treatment of Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens; however Aminoglycosides, Carbapenems and Polymyxin could be used for the treatment of UTI infections as the second choice.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 9, No. 12
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: December 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 9, No. 12, 2017.
The Impact of Securing Alternative Energy Sources on Russian-European Natural Gas Pricing
Authors: Hinchey Nathalie
Published: December 2017

This paper examines the effects of procuring alternative sources of natural gas on Russian pricing in Europe. With the increasing presence of LNG import capability in European ports, this topic is growing in importance, especially for European policy makers. Theoretical results, stemming from an asymmetric Nash Bargaining model, suggest that Russian prices decrease as dependency on Russian gas decreases. The empirical results, obtained from the estimation of a correlated random effects model, corroborate this stipulation by finding a positive relationship between Russian pricing and average dependency on Russian supplied gas.These findings explain the recent phenomenon experienced in the Baltic Region where the presence of an LNG import terminal in Lithuania has secured access to non-Russian suppliers of gas and decreased prices from Gazprom.
Inverse problems for differential operators with nonseparated boundary conditions in the central symmetric case
Authors: Yurko Vjacheslav
Published: December 2017

Inverse spectral problems for Sturm-Liouville operators on a finite interval with non-separated boundary conditions are studied in the central symmetric case, when the potential is symmetric with respect to the middle of the interval. We discuss statements of the problems, provide algorithms for their solutions along with necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the inverse problems considered.
A performance comparison of sampling methods in the assessment of species composition patterns and environment–vegetation relationships in species-rich grasslands
Authors: Swacha Grzegorz , Botta-Dukát Zoltán , Kącki Zygmunt , Pruchniewicz Daniel , Żołnierz Ludwik
Published: December 2017

The influence that different sampling methods have on the results and the interpretation of vegetation analysis has been much debated, but little is yet known about how the spatial arrangement of samples affect patterns of species composition and environment–vegetation relationships within the same vegetation type. We compared three data sets of the same sample size obtained by three standard sampling methods: preferential, random, and systematic. These different sampling methods were applied to a study area comprising of 36 ha of intermittently wet Molinia meadows. We compared the performance of the three methods under two management categories: managed (extensively mown) and unmanaged (abandoned for 10 years). A total of 285 vegetation-plots were sampled, with 95 plots recorded per sampling method. In preferential sampling, we sampled only patches of vegetation with an abundance of indicator species of the habitat type, while random and systematic plots were positioned independently from the researcher by using GIS. The effect of each sampling method on the patterns of species composition and species–environment relationships was explored by redundancy analysis and the significance of effects was tested by the randomization test. Preferential sampling revealed different patterns of species composition than random and systematic sampling methods. Random and systematic sampling methods have resulted in broader vegetation variability than with preferential sampling method. Preferential sampling revealed different relationship between soil parameters and species composition in contrast to random and systematic sampling methods. Although we have not found significant differences in vegetation–environment relationships between random and systematic sampling methods, random sampling revealed a more robust correlation of species data to soil factors than preferential and systematic sampling methods. Intentional restriction of vegetation variation sampled preferentially may be detrimental to statistical inference in studies of species composition patterns and vegetation–environment relationships.
Nature or Atoms? Reframing the IR Curriculum through Ethical Worldviews
Authors: Frim Landon ,   Society for Ethics Across the Curriculum
Published: December 2017

The international relations (IR) curriculum has long presented a dichotomy between the so-called “realist” and “idealist” positions. Idealists seek to embody universal norms of justice in foreign policy. Realists, by contrast, see competition between states, the balance of power, and relative advantage as basic to international politics. Though considered polar opposites, both the realist and idealist affirm the primacy of the nation state as a sovereign political unit, and so neither embraces cosmopolitanism in the strongest sense, i.e., the transcendence of national divisions as such. Opening up the IR curriculum to such a radical possibility requires its reframing in terms of underlying, ethical worldviews. Under this lens, it becomes evident that the realist and idealist share far more in common than contemporary policy debates would suggest. It also points us toward the space for an alternate ethical worldview, provided by Stoic rationalism, which is more viable for grounding cosmopolitan thought.
CATEGORIAS “ESTADO” E “POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS” EM ARTIGOS A2/B2 NA ÁREA INTERDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Orth Glaucia Mayara Niedermeyer , Luiz Danuta Estrufika Cantóia , Vega Torres Daniel Roberto
Published: December 2017

O artigo tem como objeto de estudo o debate contemporâneo sobre Estado e Políticas Públicas nos artigos publicados na área interdisciplinar no período de 2012 a 2014. Foi realizada a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, tendo por campo empírico o portal de periódicos da CAPES, em revistas com qualis A2 e B2. Os procedimentos metodológicos são pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de conteúdo. As categorias centrais da pesquisa são Estado e Políticas Públicas, seguida de orientações teóricas e metodológicas que nortearam a elaboração deste trabalho, objeto de pesquisa, concepção pertinente ao objeto, aos objetivos, metodologia de pesquisa empregada e resultados alcançados com a pesquisa publicada. Como resultados, foi possível encontrar uma ausência de profundidade no debate teórico sobre a categoria Estado, ao passo que a prática e teoria de políticas públicas se destacam na área de saúde.
ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA UM CAMPO DE ESTUDO EM CONSTRUÇÃO: ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NACIONAL DE 2000 A 2015
Authors: Santos Rita de Cássia Trindade dos , Bianchim Bruna De Vargas , Posser Talita Gonçalves , Costa Vânia Medianeira Flores
Published: December 2017

A expansão das iniciativas de economia solidária no Brasil é resultado de um processo orgânico de articulação que procura manter os empreendimentos econômicos solidários no mercado apesar de suas peculiaridades. Situar a discussão acerca da gestão dessas organizações faz-se importante no campo teórico dos estudos em administração, visto que as características de tais empreendimentos diferem-se, em partes, das empresas tradicionais. Assim, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a produção científica brasileira sobre economia solidária e temas correlatos a partir das publicações na área de administração no período de 2000 a 2015. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo bibliométrico de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. A partir dos resultados obtidos concluiu-se que, quantitativamente, há um número progressivo de publicações no período analisado com predominância dos estudos empíricos, de natureza exploratória e abordagem qualitativa cuja escolha dos objetos de pesquisa mostra uma tendência a favor de empreendimentos solidários, associações e cooperativas. Já sob a perspectiva qualitativa, os temas correlatos de maior incidência foram gestão social, autogestão, sustentabilidade e políticas públicas.
“PAPÉIS” DE GÊNERO, HOMOSSEXUALIDADE E ESCOLA: POSSÍVEIS DIÁLOGOS ENTRE EDUCAÇÃO E ESTUDOS DE GÊNERO
Authors: Pereira Diego De Medeiros , Horn Luiz Henrique Casett
Published: December 2017

O presente texto trata de uma breve discussão sobre os papéis sociais atribuídos aos sujeitos a partir de seu sexo biológico e de como essa construção sociocultural define normas de conduta moral e comportamental – heteronorma – desqualificando sujeitos que a ela não se adequam. A partir dessa afirmação, apresenta-se a figura do “inadaptado”, termo defendido por Mead (2009) e com o qual se relaciona a homossexualidade. A escola é defendida como espaço no qual as questões de gênero devam ser debatidas, respeitando a diversidade, e não apenas como reprodutora de valores construídos pela sociedade.
Motivation of Dog Names in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Based on Jan Ostroróg’s Nomenklatura ogarów)
Authors: Smetona Marius , Smetonienė Anželika
Published: December 2017

In Lithuania, research on proper names of animals takes a relatively small part of onomastics. In addition, academic papers on zoonyms are rather scarce. It is most appropriate to begin an analysis of dog names from the motivation of name choices and its distribution, thus revealing the overall picture of Lithuanian proper names of animals. The aim of this paper is to investigate the motivation of the choice of dog names in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and to determine the prevalent naming tendencies at that time. The names were collected by Jan Ostroróg in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. First of all, 313 dog names were divided into names of clear, not quite clear, and unclear motivation on the basis of Milda Norkaitienė’s classification of animal names, which was adapted for the dog names by Daiva Sinkevičiūtė. Division of the dog names collected by J. Ostroróg in the Polish– Lithuanian Commonwealth into groups according to the above-mentioned classification shows that the causes and trends of dog naming in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were similar to the present ones: a contemporary classification of dog names with a clear motivation is perfectly suitable for the analysis of dog names from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. However, there are some differences in the naming process, because a new group of dog names emerged in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: names motivated by the function of the dog during hunting. The reason for this is probably specific names: all collected names belonged to hunting dogs. There is also another difference: in the present-day Lithuanian language, the names given to animals, including dogs, are mostly based on an animal’s physical features, while in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries dog names were predominantly based on their temper: the character, behaviour, and interests.
Gender and the contemporary educational canon in the UK
Authors: Elliott Victoria
Published: December 2017

This paper presents an analysis of the gender of the authors and the main characters of the set texts for English examinations taken at age 16 in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. It presents an argument for why representation within the canon is important and places this within the context of recent educational reform in England and Scotland. The analysis demonstrates that texts by female authors are in a minority, sometimes in the extreme, and when the gender of the main character is taken into account, there is an even greater imbalance. The reasons behind this, even after a time of major educational reform, are explored and the constraints of the market are suggested as reasons why greater risks were not taken.
Receptive vocabulary measures for EFL Costa Rican high school students
Authors: Castro-García Damaris
Published: December 2017

The study offers a glimpse of the current situation of foreign language education in the Costa Rican context from the perspective of vocabulary knowledge, particularly passive vocabulary size. Students from two institutions participated: one school implements Content Based Teaching while the other follows traditional, Foreign Language Teaching instruction. This research aims to describe the receptive vocabulary profile of students and to compare the vocabulary levels of students between two gender groups and under two types of English language teaching. These measures are established following the idea originally presented in Paul Nation’s (1983, 1990) Vocabulary Levels Test. In this case, Schmitt, Schmitt and Clapham’s (2001) Version 2 test was used to define passive vocabulary levels. Finally, the results of this analysis are compared to results for similar population samples in other studies.