bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaching an Established but Growing Network: Use-case from Canadensys
Authors: Sinou Carole , Bruneau Anne , Paul Deborah L , Kennedy Mary
Published: June 2019

Canadensys is an associate GBIF node in Canada, officially established as a node in 2014, but publishing data on GBIF since 2011. Since then, Canadensys has grown from nine institutions to a network of nearly 25 institutions that publish biodiversity data and we have migrated from an in-house explorer, to a Living Atlases (LA) framework. Canadensys publishes data curated or collected by Canadian universities, museums, as well as municipalities and non govermental organizations (NGOs).

Establishing a new network can be challenging, but several resources and programs exist to help node managers and node participants initiate the publication process.

Keeping an established network alive while continuing to grow and to develop new methods and technologies is also an important challenge, especially in a context where institutions are geographically separated across large distances, and where funds are scarce or mostly oriented towards highly innovative projects.

With the aim to reach both established and new participants across Canada and from adjacent regions in the USA, and in order to help them to familiarize themselves with the new framework based on LA, we organized three workshops on data publication and data usage. Partially funded through a GBIF CESP project, this series of workshops was developed in partnership with international, regional and national partners such as iDigBio, OBIS Canada and GBIF Spain. The workshops helped new participants prepare and publish data, and allowed established publishers to enrich and update their resources on Canadensys and GBIF. The project also highlighted some of the challenges our network is facing, such as funding, infrastructure, human resources, and communication. Feedback from participants shows that the workshops were successfull in terms of capacity enhancement, giving knowledge and tools to data manager in order to prepare and publish standardize data, as well as to transfer that knowledge in their respective institutions. All materials and documentation developed during this project will be made available on Canadensys, allowing everyone interested to follow the curriculum. Sharing our experience will be useful for other nodes wanting to introduce the LA framework to their users and to enhance capacities in the network.
Zenodo, an Archive and Publishing Repository: A tale of two herbarium specimen pilot projects
Authors: Dillen Mathias , Groom Quentin , Agosti Donat , Nielsen Lars
Published: June 2019

Zenodo (https://zenodo.org) is an open-access repository operated by CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), which provides researchers with an easy and stable platform to archive and publish their data and other output, such as software tools, manuals and project reports. In the context of the ICEDIG (Innovation and Consolidation for Large scale Digitisation of Natural Heritage) project, Zenodo was investigated for its usability as a platform where digitized images of collection specimens could be archived and published. In a production digitization pipeline, we foresee the automated archiving of daily image production. If Zenodo could be used for this purpose, such a process would also immediately mean that data and images are published FAIR-ly (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) within hours of their creation.

To evaluate performance of the system, we first used a test dataset of 1800 herbarium specimen images, which was uploaded using Zenodo's API (Application Programming Interface) (Dillen et al. 2019). This dataset includes lossless TIFF images, label-segmented overlays and JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) metadata using DwC (Darwin Core) terminology, constituting over 208 gigabytes of data. In addition, for all individual digital specimens the data about the specimen (in DwC) as well as metadata about its deposition on Zenodo (in Zenodo's internal data model) were available in multiple machine-readable formats. All data in DwC were provided as linked data with their DwC identifiers (e.g. http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/basisOfRecord). All individual specimens received minted DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers). A second upload of 280,000 herbarium JPEG images from a single institution (ca. 1 terabyte of data) with limited metadata (but using the same approach) was launched as well.

In this presentation, the workflow for proper usage of the API will be described as well as some performance metrics, flexibilities and functionalities of the platform. Some issues and potential developments to tackle them will be discussed. Currently, the rate of ingestion into Zenodo seems only fast enough for small scale digitization pipelines. However, a modest improvement in transfer rate would make this a realistic proposition for large volume usage.
SwissCollNet – A National Initiative for Natural History Collections in Switzerland
Authors: Frick Holger , Stieger Pia , Scheidegger Christoph
Published: June 2019

More than 60 million specimens are housed in geological and biological collections in numerous museums and botanical gardens located all over Switzerland. They are of national and international origin. Taken together they form an entity with a high scientific value and international recognition for their contribution to scientific research. Due to the federalistic organisation of Switzerland, natural history collections are located and curated in numerous institutions. So far, no common strategy for digitisation, documentation and long-term data archiving has been developed.

This shortcoming has been widely identified by concerned parties. Under the lead of the Swiss Academy of Sciences, several organisations have assembled information about Swiss natural history collections. They identified measures to be taken to promote the scientific and educational potential of natural history collections in Switzerland (Beer et al. 2019).

With a national initiative, the Swiss Natural History Collections Network (SwissCollNet) aims to unite Swiss natural history collections under a common vision and with a common strategy. The goal is to promote the collections themselves and to harness the scientific and educational potential of these collections for research and training. SwissCollNet consists of representatives of research, teaching, museums and botanical gardens, the data centers for information on the national fauna and flora, the Swiss Systematics Society and the Swiss node of GBIF, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility.

The initiative aims to foster research on natural history collections. It will provide a single decentralised data infrastructure framework for Swiss research related to natural history. It will help to harmonise nationwide collection data management, digitisation and long-term data archiving. It will facilitate identification of specimens and revision of taxonomic groups. New research techniques, fast-evolving computer technologies and internet connectivity, create new opportunities for deciphering and using the wealth of information housed in Swiss and international collections.

The development of an agreed strategy and research priorities on a national scale will allow fluent, fluid and permanent collaboration across all Swiss natural history collections by promoting interoperability and unified access to collections as well as creating opportunities for scientific collaboration and innovation. This national approach will create an internationally compatible research data infrastructure, while respecting and integrating regional and decentralized conditions and requirements. Thus, it will maximize the impact for science, policy and society.
Spanish Scientific Network for LifeWatch-ERIC, e-Science Infrastructure for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research
Authors: Izquieta-Rojano Sheila , Silgado Antonio , Carvajal Ramón , Marco de Lucas Jesús , de la Rosa Jesús , Reol Esteban , Santamaría Ulecia Jesús , Zamora Regino
Published: June 2019

The main aim of the development of a Spanish Network of Excellence on Biodiversity is to strengthen the Spanish Scientific Network Community participating in LifeWatch, the E-Science European Infrastructure for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research ERIC (https://www.lifewatch.eu). Through this e-infrastructure several resources and services are provided to the scientific community working on this field (catalogues of virtual labs (VREs), data and services) (https://www.lifewatch.eu/web/guest/catalogue-of-virtual-labs). The LifeWatch ERIC Statutes foresee the creation of National Nodes, which in Spain has been translated into the creation of the Joint Research Unit LifeWatch Spain (JRU - LW.ES) in 2014. This brings together several organizations and institutions carrying out research, development and innovation (RDI) activities in this field. Among others, to date the JRU - LW.ES counts on the participation of Public Research Organizations (Center for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research (CIEMAT), The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), National Institute of Aerospace Technology (INTA)); International Excellence Campus & Universities (ANDALUCIA TECH Universities of Seville and Málaga, Universities of Cantabria, Navarra, Extremadura, Granada, Huelva, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Pablo de Olavide); Ministry of Agriculture, Fishing, Food and Environment (Spanish Inventory for Natural and Biodiversity Heritage, Fundación Biodiversidad, Directorate-General for Water-River Basin Authorities, Green Infrastructure); Technology and Innovation Parks-Institutions (Andalusica Technological Park (PTA), Cartuja93, Technological Institute Galicia (ITG)); Regional and Local Authorities (Junta Andalucía), and Port Authorities (Cartagena, Huelva, Seville). These organizations have expressed their interest in integrating into a network of excellence to promote biodiversity research, addressing major environmental challenges, and supporting knowledge-based strategic solutions for environmental preservation. This scientific network, associated with the e-infrastructure LifeWatch ERIC, aims to bring together the critical mass of resources and experience in the field of biodiversity present within Spain, taking advantage of the information and communication technology (ICT) tools and facilities that offer the necessary infrastructure, operating in synergy with national research plans. In essence, the creation of this network aims to consolidate a focus of excellence in Spain in the field of biodiversity, promoting the implementation of joint European projects and contributing to the objectives set in the LifeWatch ERIC.
New Uses for an Old and Abandoned Colonial Collection: The herpetological collection of the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (Lisbon, Portugal)
Authors: Pires Ceríaco Luis Miguel , Pimentel Marques Mariana
Published: June 2019

The herpetological collections of the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (Lisbon, Portugal) are the largest and most diverse collections of amphibians and reptiles in the country. These were collected in the mid-twentieth century in the former Portuguese colonies in Africa and Asia, and were the object of study of several naturalists that used them to describe and catalogue the herpetofauna of those areas. After the independence of these colonies in the mid 1970's, the research on this material nearly halted, and the collections became abandoned, without proper curation and lacking accessibility. In 2015, we started a process to recover these collections (Fig. 1). This encompassed basic curation, e.g. cleaning and substituting jars and fluid preservatives, cataloguing the entire collection, digitizing and georeferencing all the specimens, and making data available through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility at GBIF.org. While doing this, each specimen was also linked to its bibliographic data, its taxonomic identity carefully reviewed, and rare and important specimens (e.g., type specimens) flagged.

Currently, the collection is completely accessible, both physically and electronically, and it is being used by researchers and students around the world. Some results have already been published including the description of species new to science (Ceríaco et al. 2016, Ceríaco et al. 2017, Ceríaco 2015, Soares et al. 2018), new country checklists, the publication of an Atlas of Angolan Herpetofauna (Marques et al. 2018), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments, and student training.

This presentation provides an overview of the recovery process of the collection, discusses strategies on how to digitize and make historical collections available to the community, and demonstrates how biological collections amassed during colonial times can be of extreme importance to the study and preservation of present day biodiversity.
Big Data Knowledge of Major Lineages of Life and Priorities for Genomic Research
Authors: Coddington Jonathan , Barker Katharine , Droege Gabriele , Seberg Ole
Published: June 2019

Genomic science is revolutionizing and accelerating biodiversity research. For collections-based institutions to continue to lead and support biodiversity research, they must adapt to this new reality. Simultaneously, “big data” is accumulating so rapidly that we have unprecedented capacity to plan strategically to use genomics to advance basic and applied science on multiple fronts. For example, seven “big data” sources have the following numbers of records (2018 data): Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), ~1B; Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), ~3.6M; National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), ~220M; Open Tree of Life (OToL), 1.9M; Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD), ~6.3M; Encyclopedia of Life (EOL), ~99K; Global Genome Biodiversity Network (GGBN), ~2M. Collectively, they offer more than 1.2B records on biodiversity. At the scale of species (~2M described, multiple millions undescribed), these data are still too sparse to permit comprehensive conclusions. At the scale of families (i.e. deeper clades of life), the situation is far more promising: about 9,911 families are known, and relatively few are discovered each year. This suggests that at the family rank (and above), our knowledge of life on Earth is reasonably complete. Approximately 160,000 valid and accepted genera exist, but certainly many new genera await discovery and description. Genomics is the fastest way to group species into more inclusive lineages such as genera and families, and is certainly faster than traditional alpha taxonomy. Synergistically, these “big data” answer four important questions at deeper clade levels: What is it? Where is it? What do we know about it? What do we know about its genome? Approximately 4,500 eukaryotic genomes have been sequenced. The converse of what we know is what we do not know, another meaning of “dark taxa.” We can use the distribution and density of big data at deeper clade levels (families, genera) to quantitatively analyze “dark taxa” and therefore to strategically optimize knowledge and preservation of biodiversity at a global scale. Technicalities of the quantitative prioritization scheme are debatable, but some initial, simple scoring systems can help to prioritize lineages for collection and genetic research so as to most efficiently illuminate regions in the tree of life that that are neither preserved, imaged, geo-located, studied, nor known genomically. This analysis presents criteria and goals for collaborating to build a global genomic collection to maximize efficient acquisition of biodiversity genomic knowledge, and identifies the most valuable and highest priority taxa for genomic research.
Placement of Triblidiaceae in Rhytismatales and comments on unique ascospore morphologies in Leotiomycetes (Fungi, Ascomycota)
Authors: Karakehian Jason M. , Quijada Luis , Friebes Gernot , Tanney Joey B. , Pfister Donald H.
Published: June 2019

Triblidiaceae is a family of uncommonly encountered, non-lichenized discomycetes. A recent classification circumscribed the family to includeTriblidium(4 spp. and 1 subsp.),Huangshania(2 spp.) andPseudographis(2 spp. and 1 var.). The apothecia of these fungi are persistent and drought-tolerant; they possess stromatic, highly melanized covering layers that open and close with fluctuations of humidity. Triblidialean fungi occur primarily on the bark ofQuercus, Pinaceae and Ericaceae, presumably as saprobes. Though the type species ofHuangshaniais from China, these fungi are mostly known from collections originating from Western Hemisphere temperate and boreal forests. The higher-rank classification of triblidialean fungi has been in flux due in part to an overemphasis on ascospore morphology. Muriform ascospores are observed in species ofTriblidiumand inPseudographiselatina. An intense, dark blue/purple ascospore wall reaction in iodine-based reagents is observed in species ofPseudographis. These morphologies have led, in part, to these genera being shuffled among unrelated taxa in Hysteriaceae (Dothideomycetes, Hysteriales) and Graphidaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ostropales). Triblidiaceae has been placed within the monofamilial order Triblidiales (affinity Lecanoromycetes). Here, we demonstrate with a three-gene phylogenetic approach that triblidialean fungi are related to taxa in Rhytismatales (Leotiomycetes). We synonymize Triblidiales under Rhytismatales and emend Triblidiaceae to includeTriblidiumandHuangshania, withPseudographisplaced within Rhytismataceae. A history of Triblidiaceae is provided along with a description of the emended family. We discuss how the inclusion of triblidialean fungi in Rhytismatales brings some rarely observed or even unique ascospore morphologies to the order and to Leotiomycetes.
Marie, figure et mère de l’Église vivant de la Parole de Dieu. Une lecture de l’exhortation Verbum Domini
Authors: Weill Marie-David
Published: June 2019

Dans l’exhortation apostolique post-synodale Verbum Domini (novembre 2010), sur la Parole de Dieu dans la vie et la mission de l’Église, Benoît  xvi recueille les acquis du renouveau marial promu par le concile Vatican  ii , qui reconnaît à Marie une véritable place dans la nature profonde de l’Église. Il exhorte « les chercheurs à approfondir le plus possible le rapport entre la mariologie et la théologie de la Parole  », et espère « en tirer un grand bénéfice autant pour la vie spirituelle que pour les études théologiques et bibliques » ( Verbum Domini  27). L’A. propose quelques pistes de réflexion dans ce sens.
6. Les sciences sociales, contre la data science ?
Authors: Ollion Étienne
Published: June 2019

La data science a fait une apparition spectaculaire ces dernières années. Dans les entreprises, au sein de l’administration, mais aussi dans le domaine de la recherche, ce qu’on présente comme une discipline nouvelle susceptible de renouveler en profondeur notre connaissance du monde a donné lieu à de nombreux investissements. En quoi consiste cette nouvelle pratique, et quelles sont ses origines intellectuelles ? Pourquoi un tel intérêt, et s’agit-il d’une mode ? Analysant ce mouvement à la lumière de l’histoire des sciences sociales, l’article propose d’éclairer ces questions, ainsi que certaines tendances dans l’évolution des modes de connaissance du monde social.
7. Quel est le coût des applications gratuites ?
Authors: Lefrère Vincent
Published: June 2019

Cet article tend à montrer les mécanismes qui sont à l’œuvre dans ce qui représente l’un des paradoxes de l’économie numérique : les applications que nous utilisons sur nos smartphones et autres tablettes génèrent toute une économie, et pourtant elles sont, pour la grande majorité d’entre elles, gratuites.
Du péché originel à la blessure originelle
Authors: Arènes Jacques
Published: June 2019

Résumé Dans la culture contemporaine, la culpabilité s’est déplacée du face-à-face avec autrui à celui avec soi-même. Le « traitement » psychique de la culpabilité n’a pas disparu, mais s’est transformé pour laisser la place à de nouvelles formes subjectives de la culpabilité, plus archaïques et plus proches de la honte, dont l’objet ne touche pas nécessairement à un fait précis, mais à une angoisse d’insuffisance plus globale. La figure ancienne de « l’homme coupable » a, par ailleurs, laissé la place à celle de l’« homme blessé » : cette présence marquée du thème de la blessure devient alors une dimension importante des cheminements spirituels contemporains. Le volontarisme de la blessure – « guérir » d’abord l’estime de soi mise à mal – a ainsi remplacé l’ancien volontarisme moral.
La conscience du péché, observations d’un confesseur
Authors: Roland-Gosselin Miguel
Published: June 2019

Résumé Les pénitents se présentent en confession avec des dispositions intérieures variées, différentes manières de se rapporter à soi, au péché et à Dieu. Cet article établit un essai de typologie. Mais le plus important est d’observer que dans tous les cas de figure, où qu’en soit le pénitent, l’enjeu reste le même : il est de progresser vers le Christ, autrement dit de prendre conscience que l’amour appelle plus loin. Cet article veut indiquer comment la démarche sacramentelle peut contribuer à l’éveil de la conscience, et quel rôle y joue le prêtre, essentiellement par son attitude évangélique et par sa façon de renvoyer à l’Évangile. L’article rappelle surtout que la connaissance de son propre péché est une grâce à demander ; elle relève du mystère de Dieu. On y passe de l’observance de la loi à une mise en route avec le Christ.
Les prières de délivrance et leur dimension psychologique
Authors: Raoul Magali
Published: June 2019

Résumé La pratique de la prière de délivrance a été redécouverte depuis une cinquantaine d’années dans l’Église catholique, mais elle demeure mal connue. Elle vise à briser les liens spirituels mauvais établis à partir de péchés ou de blessures subies dans la vie d’une personne. Ni seulement péché, ni possession démoniaque, ils sont rendus possibles par le consentement personnel plus ou moins conscient donné au mal. La démarche de délivrance se situe donc bien au cœur de l’articulation entre dimensions spirituelle et psychologique de l’homme. En exposant les ressorts spirituels de certains enfermements et blessures psychiques, la prière de délivrance peut en effet avoir un réel effet psychologique. Mais celui-ci n’est pas à rechercher pour lui-même, et la délivrance est surtout un outil d’évangélisation qui permet d’annoncer le salut offert en Jésus Christ, notre libérateur.
Le transhumanisme est-il une gnose ?
Authors: Deprez Stanislas
Published: June 2019

Résumé Si les transhumanistes eux-mêmes ne se qualifient pas de gnostiques, ce terme leur est souvent attribué par des auteurs critiques, mais rarement explicité, comme si le rapprochement allait de soi. Est-ce si évident ? Pour répondre à cette question, il importe de définir ce qu’est la gnose, ce que nous ferons en nous référant au philosophe Hans Jonas. Ces clarifications permettront de discuter deux thèses transhumanistes qui évoquent le gnosticisme : le rejet du corps et la singularité. Cet examen montrera que si c’est à bon droit que le transhumanisme fait songer au religieux, il est difficile de considérer ce mouvement comme une gnose. Une autre hypothèse sera esquissée en conclusion : le transhumanisme pourrait être un néo-joachimisme.
Retraités mais pas en retrait
Authors: Laferrère Anne
Published: June 2019

Que fait-on de son temps libre quand on est retraité ? Si l’on s’intéresse aux activités dites « sociales », telles que le bénévolat ou la pratique d’activités dans un club ou une association, on observe qu’être retraité s’accompagne d’une participation accrue. Pour conclure à un effet causal du passage à la retraite sur le nombre et l’intensité de telles activités, trois vagues de l’enquête européenne Share (Survey on health, ageing and retirement in Europe) sont ici utilisées. L’enquête a suivi des individus passant à la retraite entre 2004 et 2011. De fait il apparaît que prendre sa retraite augmente l’engagement dans une activité sociale et ce dans la plupart des pays d’Europe continentale considérés. Plus précisément, la retraite augmente le bénévolat, les activités au sein de clubs, et même celles de formation. Elle a peu d’effet sur l’engagement religieux ou politique. Il n’y a que peu de signes que la prise de retraite soit endogène. Le niveau d’éducation et l’évolution de la santé jouent un rôle crucial sur l’engagement dans ces activités sociales. Au moment où le nombre de retraités augmente considérablement, il est important d’évaluer la valeur de ces activités bénévoles. Selon une estimation prudente, la valeur de la production bénévole des retraités se situerait autour de 3 % de celle des pensions dans les 10 pays étudiés.
Le village dans la ville : l’expérience d’un quartier qui fait territoire et lieu
Authors: Marchal Hervé
Published: June 2019

À partir d’une enquête de terrain menée entre 2013 et 2015 au sein d’un quartier pavillonnaire d’une agglomération urbaine de l’Est de la France – quartier en proie à un fort vieillissement de sa population –, l’article analyse les rapports au quartier des plus de 65 ans. Le propos veut notamment saisir les raisons pour lesquelles un tel espace, composé de maisons à étages de fait peu adaptées au vieillissement, est le théâtre d’initiatives habitantes et d’une vie sociale dense. Comment comprendre qu’un tel quartier soit vécu comme un « village avec une âme » ? La question mérite d’autant plus que l’on y prête attention que les morphologies de l’étalement urbain, se traduisant par la construction de quartiers pavillonnaires, n’ont pas envisagé le vieillissement dans leur processus de développement. Les résultats de la recherche mettent en évidence à quel point le quartier est ici vécu, non pas comme un espace par définition anonyme et lisse, mais à la fois comme un territoire d’engagements associatifs et comme un lieu de sociabilité aux multiples scènes (supermarché, centre historique…). De ce point de vue, la recherche souligne qu’à partir du moment où un quartier conjugue accessibilité, sécurité et convivialité, les aînés s’y projettent en espérant y « bien vieillir ». Ce faisant, l’article vise à montrer que ce n’est, en l’occurrence, pas tant le pavillon qui est mis en avant ici, mais le quartier. Il en résulte de fortes attentes pour que celui-ci ne devienne pas une zone d’incertitude..
Comment impliquer des aînés en perte d’autonomie fonctionnelle ?
Authors: Pérez Salanova Mercè , Verdaguer Mata Maria
Published: June 2019

Dans cet article, nous nous appuyons sur l’évolution des expériences de participation des personnes âgées à Barcelone pour mettre en lumière la volonté d’inclusion de la diversité des parcours de vieillissement, notamment ceux des aînés en perte d’autonomie fonctionnelle, dans les dispositifs participatifs locaux. Nous montrons comment ce processus s’est construit pas à pas afin d’aboutir, récemment et pour la première fois, à l’inclusion de ces publics en tant que participants et citoyens à part entière. À travers ce cheminement, nous analysons le rôle de la construction des subjectivités des personnes âgées ayant un besoin de soins continus dans leur participation (ou manque de participation) citoyenne. Pour cela, nous faisons l’hypothèse que certains cadres d’action publique et de pratiques de participation, ayant un caractère homogénéisateur, peuvent mener à une simplification du soi des personnes âgées en perte d’autonomie fonctionnelle, ce qui peut ainsi entraîner un manque de reconnaissance de leur agency et donc freiner leur participation. Nous abordons également la manière dont le changement dans la conception de la participation peut entraîner des dynamiques plus inclusives, et nous verrons comment la démarche Villes amies des aînés (VADA) de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS), instaurée à Barcelone, a favorisé une telle évolution et une meilleure prise en compte de ces publics.
Differences in Transitional Care Provided to Patients With and Without Dementia
Authors: Prusaczyk Beth , Olsen Margaret A. , Carpenter Christopher R. , Proctor Enola
Published: June 2019

Older adults with dementia experience more care transitions than those without dementia yet are routinely excluded from transitional care studies. The purpose of the current study was to understand the transitional care delivered to older adults with dementia compared to those without dementia. The medical charts of 210 patients (126 with dementia, 84 without dementia) 70 years and older hospitalized at a single hospital were reviewed for evidence of transitional care, including discharge planning, patient education, and follow-up appointments. Patients with dementia were significantly less likely to receive education related to their follow-up needs, whom to contact after discharge, medication regimens after discharge, and symptoms after discharge than patients without dementia. Caregivers to patients with dementia have previously reported a desire for more education and information from hospital providers so they can advocate for patients in aftercare; therefore, nurses and social workers should consider providing education regardless of a patient's dementia diagnosis. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45
(8), 15–22.]
Factors Affecting Corneal Strip Stroma-to-Stroma Adhesion
Authors: Perez Edward P , Viramontes Blanca , Schor Paulo , Miller David
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Successful laser in situ keratomileusis depends on strong adhesion between the dissected anterior corneal flap and the underlying stromal bed, without suturing. This study attempts to generate new information about the mechanism of this adhesion.

METHODS: Strips of fresh bovine corneal stroma were dissected and split apart. The split strips were then made to adhere to each other with varying amounts of combined heat and drying. A relationship was developed between heat applied and hydration of strips. After each heat and drying treatment, the strips were pulled apart and the force needed to accomplish this task was measured.

RESULTS: There was a tight linear correlation between increase in temperature and decrease in water content (R
p 2
= 0.7414) and between decrease in water content and increase in the adhesive force (R
p 2
= 0.3355).

CONCLUSION: This model suggests that drying increases stromal-stromal adhesion. We speculate this is due to the increased concentration of surface molecules, which have high ionic charge densities and ionic bonding. A higher concentration of these molecules produces stroma-to-stroma adhesion via ionic bonding. [J Refract Surg 1998;14:460-462]
De la convergence vers les Bâtiments du Roy à la diaspora dans le royaume. Une étude de cas sur la circulation des artistes italiens entre la fin du xvie et le début du xviie siècle
Authors: Cicali Giulia
Published: June 2019

Afin d’approfondir la connaissance des réseaux d’artistes et des transferts culturels qui ont lié la France et l’Italie, de la fin du xvie au début du xviie siècle, cet article propose une étude de cas qui met l’accent non pas sur un personnage majeur, mais sur des cercles de figures moins connues. Il développe ainsi une analyse des activités et du parcours de quatre artistes d’origine italienne : le sculpteur Francesco Bordoni (1574-1654), les ingénieurs Tommaso (1570-1651) et Alessandro Francini (1574-1648), et le fontainier Horace Ferray (avant 1585-après 1649), qui convergent en premier lieu vers le chantier de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, à l’époque d’Henri IV, avant de se déplacer ensuite dans tout le royaume. Il présente donc les raisons historiques qui poussent ces hommes à quitter l’Italie pour Saint-Germain-en-Laye et les caractéristiques de leurs voyages. Puis les liens qui s’instaurent entre eux sur le chantier royal, et leur insertion dans les équipes des artistes du souverain de France et de Navarre. Enfin la diaspora de ces artistes du roi dans le royaume, voire les affaires qu’ils conduisent en Italie.
Du colportage au musée du Louvre. Les mouleurs italiens en France au tournant du xixe siècle
Authors: Carminati Pauline
Published: June 2019

La seconde moitié du xviiie siècle a vu l’arrivée en France d’un nombre significatif de mouleurs en plâtre italiens, majoritairement originaires de Toscane. Ces artisans spécialisés étaient présents sur le territoire à la fois sous forme itinérante et sédentaire. Les uns parcouraient le pays en colportant une marchandise composée de statuettes en plâtre aux sujets variés, reflétant les goûts du moment ou du lieu, tandis que d’autres étaient installés à leur compte dans les grandes villes et y développaient une activité polyvalente en relation avec les artistes et les « amateurs » cultivés.
Naufragés des Caraïbes : les Haïtiens et leur accueil défavorable en France et aux États-Unis dans les années 1970 et 1980
Authors: Jabouin Evens
Published: June 2019

Contrairement à leurs prédécesseurs métis et issus de milieux sociaux plus favorisés, les migrants haïtiens des années 1970 et 1980 parviennent difficilement à se faire accepter en dehors des frontières haïtiennes. Aussitôt qu’ils décident de quitter leur île, des mesures sont prises dans la plupart des sociétés dites d’immigration pour leur en interdire l’accès. C’est le cas notamment aux États-Unis et en France, où ils seront des milliers à se faire arrêter, emprisonner, avant d’être rapatriés en Haïti. Quand malgré tout ils parviennent à s’y installer, ils font l’objet de traitements différenciés parfois très défavorables qui, par conséquent, entravent leur insertion socioprofessionnelle. Cet article analyse les réactions de certaines de leurs sociétés hôtes en se focalisant sur les moyens qu’elles ont chacune mis en œuvre pour empêcher que cette vague d’« indésirables » ne les « inonde ». Certaines des mesures ou des pratiques utilisées par les dirigeants de ces deux pays afin d’exclure ces Haïtiens peuvent parfois être à la limite de la légalité.
L’immigration italienne dans le Gers
Authors: Dupront Alphonse
Published: June 2019

Cet article, rédigé en 1928 et demeuré inédit, est une étude de l’immigration italienne venue, depuis le début des années 1920, s’implanter dans le Sud-Ouest de la France. Alphonse Dupront, alors étudiant normalien, l’aborde à travers une enquête de terrain qu’il réalise dans son département d’origine, le Gers (canton de Condom). Cherchant à comprendre les causes du flux, les motivations des émigrants, les conditions d’installation dans ce territoire rural, il étudie aussi la place prise par ces paysans et ces propriétaires dans le secteur agricole, tout comme l’amorce du processus d’intégration de cette population dans la société française locale.
An Entrepreneurship-Based Four-Helix Model to Overcome Language and Cultural Barriers
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez Jose Manuel
Published: June 2019

Cultural and language barriers are being primarily conceived to protect firms and regions for external competitors. But this protection is novice for the business in the long term, as organizations lose competitivity and efficiency in internationalized markets. The purpose of this chapter is to propose a theoretical four-helix model focused on CSR with the final goal of reducing poverty and economic imbalances to transform societies and give their populations a greater quality of life. Transformation process accelerated with the use of ICTs in a global market.
Multilingualism as International Marketing Strategy
Authors: Endong Floribert Patrick C. , Essoh Grace Eugenie Ndobo
Published: June 2019

Market globalization has made multilingual marketing communications a sine qua none for most transnational businesses. Exploring new foreign markets has thus meant translating and localizing marketing communications, so as to enable foreign consumers to have the kind of experience that may spur them into being favorable to the products or services on promotion. Conscious of this imperative, many Nigerian companies have embarked on multilingual packaging as a key component of their international marketing strategies. Although such a language-based tactic has enormous potential, Nigerian companies' use of multilingual packaging is confronted to a multitude of problems. This chapter explores four of such problems, including mis-translations (of packages), partial translation, typographic and design errors, and companies' adherence to the myth stating that English is the language of business. To address these challenges, the chapter recommends non or reduced reliance on automatic translation and resorting to the services of a professional translator, “transcreators,” and experienced marketers.
Climate Changes and Atmospheric Pollution
Authors: Marques da Costa Gustavo , Alves Darlan Daniel , Martins Danielle Paula , Adam Katiucia Nascimento , Vieira Sabrina Antunes , Muller de Quevedo Daniela , Osório Daniela Montanari Migliavacca
Published: June 2019

The objective of this chapter is to present the central concepts, parameters, and methods for the monitoring of climate changes, with a focus on air pollution, and the possible global and regional impacts of climate changes as well. There are plant species used as bioindicators that have a high sensitivity or ability to accumulate environmental pollutants. Another method that this chapter will present is the use of receiver models that employ both mathematical and statistical approaches to quantify the individual contribution of a given number of emission sources in the composition of a sample. The data presented in this chapter will provide reliable bases and methodologies for environmental control, supporting the adoption of more restrictive policies.
The Climate Change and Air Pollution
Authors: Maheshwari A. S.
Published: June 2019

Environmental pollution states the toxification by different forms of pollutants in the surroundings. This causes the natural system imbalance and affects the life on earth in different ways. The emissions of pollutants into air result in climate changes. The rising levels of CO2 and other air-polluting gases increase the greenhouse effect which results in temperature elevations and affects global weather patterns. Bill Gates also warned “Climate change is a terrible problem, and it absolutely needs to be solved; it deserves to be a huge priority”. Though climate change and air pollution are closely linked, these are treated as separate problems. Hence, it is aimed to understand the aspects of association between climate change and air pollution in this chapter with the objectives: (i) To know the basics of climate change and air pollution, (ii) To review the active background studies on climate change as well as on air pollution, (iii) To identify the issues, controversies, problems which include the effects of global warming and greenhouse gases followed by the types of air pollutants and its harmful effects, (iv) To find the solutions and recommendations, the discussions are made on climate laws and policies, (v) To retrieve, analyze and store the climate change related information, the description about models, tools and databases are given, (vi) To have a flawless insights on the association of climate change and air pollution, (vii) To exemplify species indicators for the assessment of the effect of air pollution on climate change are also included. As Bernie Sanders said “Climate change is a planetary crisis. We've got to act, and we have to act boldly”.
Assessment of Logistics Capabilities Maturity of Home Healthcare Providers
Authors: Gutiérrez Elena Valentina , Zapata Sebastian Cortés , Jaén Juan Sebastián
Published: June 2019

In home healthcare (HHC) services, patients receive coordinated medical care at home based on previous medical prescriptions. Given geographical dispersion of patients and medical staff within an urban area, the design, provision, and control of HHC service delivery imply a set of complex logistics capabilities that impact service quality. Consequently, the maturity of such capabilities is a key factor to guarantee that patients receive the prescribed medical attention, by the right medical staff, at the right time, and at the right place. Thereby, this chapter presents and assessment of the logistics capabilities maturity of HHC providers certified by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection to provide HHC services in the metropolitan area of the second largest city in Colombia. Results show that an average maturity level of 3.2/5.0 for logistics processes, and 4.0/5.0 for service processes, evidence the need to improve service delivery.
Methodology for the Design of Traceability System in Food Assistance Supply Chains
Authors: Rueda-Velasco Feizar Javier , Monsalve-Salamanca Angie , Adarme-Jaimes Wilson
Published: June 2019

The food assistance programmes (FAP) has the mission to guarantee minimum nutrition requirements in a vulnerable population. Nevertheless, the small deliveries for a spread population, the social conditions, and the limited technological infrastructure could make it difficult to adequately aid supply. To solve these limitations, this chapter proposes a methodology for the design of traceability systems in FAP which allows increasing supply chain visibility, coordination between deliveries and social conditions, and therefore, possible impacts on public policy implications. A qualitative and quantitative comparison of the conventional frameworks is carried out and contrast with the needs of the programmes studied. Also, new criteria are also added to adapt the design to the technological infrastructure and the socio-demographic conditions of the territory. The methodological proposal is applied to the Bienestarina nutritional programme in Colombia, where the technologies and tools to subsequently design the traceability system are proposed.
Data Security in WSN-Based Internet of Things Architecture Using LDS Algorithm
Authors: Tharakan Linoy A. , Dhanasekaran R.  , Suresh A.
Published: June 2019

The possibility of internet of things (IoT) was produced in parallel to WSNs. The term IoT was formulated by Kevin Ashton in 1999 and alludes to remarkably identifies items and their virtual portrayals in a “internet like” structure. While IoT does not accept a specific communication approach, wireless data transfer will assume a noteworthy part, and specifically, WSNs will multiply numerous applications. The small, cheap, and low-powered WSN sensors will bring the IoT to even the smallest items introduced in any sort of condition at sensible expenses. There are several methods and tactics for distributed IoT systems to prevent security attacks or contain the extent of damage of such attacks. Many of these deserve significant computational, communication, and storage requirements, which often cannot be contented by resource-constrained sensor nodes. This chapter proposes a WSN architecture with energy-efficient communication with secure data packets with a proposed LDS (Lino-Dhanasekaran, Suresh) algorithm which is useful in IoT applications.
Resolution of Issues and Health Improvement Using Big Data and IoT
Authors: Rath Mamata
Published: June 2019

With the development of promising technology, industrial, and instructive enhancement, there are greater changes in the lifestyles of people in smart cities, and also there is more chance of health problems in urban areas. The way of life of individuals in metro-urban areas with expansive volume of populace is similarly influenced by different application and administration frameworks. In this way, the majority of the urban communities are transforming into smart urban areas by receiving mechanized frameworks in every conceivable segment. Therefore, there are more health-related issues, and health hazard issues can be identified in urban areas. This chapter carries out a detailed survey of health issues and improved solutions in automated systems using big data analytics, IoT, and smart applications.
A Review of Intelligent Transport System and Its People's Needs Considerations for Traffic Management's Policy Framework in a Developing Country
Authors: Faiyetole Ayodele Adekunle
Published: June 2019

This chapter prospects on the desirability of deployable Intelligent Transport System (ITS) solutions that can improve on the existing traffic management systems in a developing country. The chapter unveils that there is little or no specific plan targeted at any future deployment in Nigeria, for instance. Revealing that a systematic deployment of ITS applications, with candid appreciations from the citizenries, could follow the order of advanced public transport system trailed by advanced traffic management systems, advanced vehicle communication systems or advanced traveler information systems, and intelligent transport pricing systems. It concludes that the country could develop context-specific evidence-based policies toward the deployment of ITS, capable of intuitively adapting to the future traffic demands and inclusively improve transport efficiency and safety. The chapter also provide a conceptual policy framework considering people's needs as context-specific, which facilitates constructive discussion informing policy direction.
Reorientation of Routing From IP to Link Layer for Path Selection in Multi-Hop Networks
Authors: Khaliq Kishwer Abdul , Chughtai Omer , Qayyum Amir , Pannek Jürgen
Published: June 2019

Routing uses a unique identifier of each participating node in the network to forward the information between two nodes. Traditionally, routing takes place at the network layer of a standard network layering architecture where it takes into account the local or the global network information, albeit, the local information uses a local-scope unique identifier. One of the prime objectives of any routing strategy at the network layer is to forward data from one end to another; however, the same objective can also be achieved at the data link layer by using the hardware address of each node as a unique identifier. This chapter discusses the key questions. (i.e., Why traditional routing is called IP-based routing? What if we reorient the traditional concept of routing on the data link layer? What are the positive and negative impact, to carry out routing at IP—or data link—layer?) This study may be helpful for researchers to understand the concept of IP-based routing and path selection at link layer regardless of the standard layering architecture and the type of IP address.
Integrating Media Literacy Into Mathematics
Authors: Kolodnicki Patricia A.
Published: June 2019

A disconnect between the content taught in mathematics classroom and the skills young adults need for future success has created need for more diverse pedagogy. Media literacy and mathematics communities agree on similar goals for students to access media, evaluate it, and produce their own. Through the use of progressive instructional techniques, specifically involving media literacy, educators can simultaneously address overlooked equity concerns in mathematics. Research has found that these techniques can help students by holding them to high standards, support math thinking and language development, draw on students' prior knowledge, value their communities, and solve real-world problems that they will be facing in the future. Practical suggestions and expert advice for implementing more progressive pedagogy are included. Issues and solutions to infuse new methods into the classroom are outlined along with future research suggestions.