bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA) RISK LEVELS ON BOSTON NAMING TEST SCORES TO THE POPULATION IN MATARAM
Authors: Sulistyaningrum Dwi , Lestari Rina , Syafii Harahap Herpan
Published: August 2021

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is one of the most common respiratory disorders found in society. This condition is often found in men with obesity, men with hypertension history, and elderly. In relation to this, it is found that the researches on the effect of OSA risk level on language functions is rarely done. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the effect of OSA risk levels on Boston Naming Test score to the population in Mataram. Objective: to investigate the effect of OSA risk levels on language functions used the Boston Naming Test to the population in Mataram. Methods: This study belongs to analytic descriptive study with cross sectional approach. Held in Udayana Park, Dasan Sari, Mataram in May 2017 and September 2018. This study involved 132 respondents by ages among 40-74 years old. They are Chosen based on inclusion criteria. The OSA risk level was measured using The STOP-Bang questionnaire while language functions was measured using the Boston Naming Test. After That, the Mann-whitney comparative test was employed to analyzed the data. Results: The result of this study showed that, from 132 respondents, it was found that there were 66 (50%) respondents had a high risk level of OSA, and 82 (62%) respondents had language function disorders. Besides, the Mann-Whitney comparative analysis showed no effect on the risk level of OSA on Boston Naming Test score (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The risk level of OSA has no effect on Boston Naming Test score to the population aged 40-74 years in Mataram.
Abdominal ectopia cordis in an aborted calf without chromosomal aberrations
Authors: Caliskan N. , Forrez E. , Van Roy N. , Roels S.
Published: August 2021

Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by partial or complete displacement of the heart out of the thoracic cavity. Apart from cattle, the condition has also been described in humans and is frequently associated with Cantrell’s pentalogy. It is classified into five types: cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic, abdominal and thoracoabdominal. The prognosis is poor and ectopia cordis may be linked to the presence of unbalanced chromosome alterations. In this report, a case of abdominal ectopia cordis is described in an aborted calf, in which no unbalanced structural chromosomal variants could be identified.
Financial Incentives for Healthy Living for Patients With Cardiac Disease From the Perspective of Health Care Professionals: Interview Study
Authors: de Buisonjé David , Van der Geer Jessica , Keesman Mike , Van der Vaart Roos , Reijnders Thomas , Wentzel Jobke , Kemps Hareld , Kraaijenhagen Roderik , Janssen Veronica , Evers Andrea
Published: August 2021

Background

A promising new approach to support lifestyle changes in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the use of financial incentives. Although financial incentives have proven to be effective, their implementation remains controversial, and ethical objections have been raised. It is unknown whether health care professionals (HCPs) involved in CVD care find it acceptable to provide financial incentives to patients with CVD as support for lifestyle change.

Objective

This study aims to investigate HCPs’ perspectives on using financial incentives to support healthy living for patients with CVD. More specifically, we aim to provide insight into attitudes toward using financial incentives as well as obstacles and facilitators of implementing financial incentives in current CVD care.

Methods

A total of 16 semistructured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with Dutch HCPs involved in supporting patients with CVD with lifestyle changes. The topics discussed were attitudes toward an incentive system, obstacles to using an incentive system, and possible solutions to facilitate the use of an incentive system.

Results

HCPs perceived an incentive system for healthy living for patients with CVD as possibly effective and showed generally high acceptance. However, there were concerns related to focusing too much on the extrinsic aspects of lifestyle change, disengagement when rewards are insignificant, paternalization and threatening autonomy, and low digital literacy in the target group. According to HCPs, solutions to mitigate these concerns included emphasizing intrinsic aspects of healthy living while giving extrinsic rewards, integrating social aspects to increase engagement, supporting autonomy by allowing freedom of choice in rewards, and aiming for a target group that can work with the necessary technology.

Conclusions

This study mapped perspectives of Dutch HCPs and showed that attitudes are predominantly positive, provided that contextual factors, design, and target groups are accurately considered. Concerns about digital literacy in the target group are novel findings that warrant further investigation. Follow-up research is needed to validate these insights among patients with CVD.
Gamification and Game-Based Strategies for Dermatology Education: Narrative Review
Authors: Szeto Mindy D , Strock Daniel , Anderson Jarett , Sivesind Torunn E , Vorwald Victoria M , Rietcheck Hope R , Weintraub Gil S , Dellavalle Robert P
Published: August 2021

Background

Game-based approaches, or gamification, are popular learning strategies in medical education for health care providers and patients alike. Gamification has taken the form of serious educational games and simulations to enable learners to rehearse skills and knowledge in a safe environment. Dermatology learners in particular may benefit from gamification methods, given the visual and procedural nature of the field.

Objective

This narrative review surveys current applications of gamification within general medical training, in the education of dermatology students, and in dermatology patient outreach.

Methods

A literature search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate to access and review relevant medical education- and dermatology-related gamification studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Two independent researchers with education and experience in dermatology screened publications to select studies featuring a diversity of gamification approaches and study subjects for in-depth examination.

Results

A total of 6 general medical education–related and 7 dermatology-specific gamification studies were selected. Gamification generally increased motivation and engagement, improved reinforcement of learning objectives, and contributed to more enjoyable and positive educational experiences compared to traditional modes of instruction. Enhancing examination scores, building confidence, and developing stronger team dynamics were additional benefits for medical trainees. Despite the abundance of gamification studies in general medical education, comparatively few instances were specific to dermatology learning, although large organizations such as the American Academy of Dermatology have begun to implement these strategies nationally. Gamification may also a provide promising alternative means of diversifying patient education and outreach methods, especially for self-identification of malignant melanoma.

Conclusions

Serious games and simulations in general medical education have successfully increased learner motivation, enjoyment, and performance. In limited preliminary studies, gamified approaches to dermatology-specific medical education enhanced diagnostic accuracy and interest in the field. Game-based interventions in patient-focused educational pilot studies surrounding melanoma detection demonstrated similar efficacy and knowledge benefits. However, small study participant numbers and large variability in outcome measures may indicate decreased generalizability of findings regarding the current impact of gamification approaches, and further investigation in this area is warranted. Additionally, some relevant studies may have been omitted by the simplified literature search strategy of this narrative review. This could be expanded upon in a secondary systematic review of gamified educational platforms.
Patient-Level Cancer Prediction Models From a Nationwide Patient Cohort: Model Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Eunsaem , Jung Se Young , Hwang Hyung Ju , Jung Jaewoo
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Nationwide population-based cohorts provide a new opportunity to build automated risk prediction models at the patient level, and claim data are one of the more useful resources to this end. To avoid unnecessary diagnostic intervention after cancer screening tests, patient-level prediction models should be developed.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to develop cancer prediction models using nationwide claim databases with machine learning algorithms, which are explainable and easily applicable in real-world environments.

METHODS

As source data, we used the Korean National Insurance System Database. Every Korean in ≥40 years old undergoes a national health checkup every 2 years. We gathered all variables from the database including demographic information, basic laboratory values, anthropometric values, and previous medical history. We applied conventional logistic regression methods, light gradient boosting methods, neural networks, survival analysis, and one-class embedding classifier methods to effectively analyze high dimension data based on deep learning–based anomaly detection. Performance was measured with area under the curve and area under precision recall curve. We validated our models externally with a health checkup database from a tertiary hospital.

RESULTS

The one-class embedding classifier model received the highest area under the curve scores with values of 0.868, 0.849, 0.798, 0.746, 0.800, 0.749, and 0.790 for liver, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, breast, and cervical cancers, respectively. For area under precision recall curve, the light gradient boosting models had the highest score with values of 0.383, 0.401, 0.387, 0.300, 0.385, 0.357, and 0.296 for liver, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, breast, and cervical cancers, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results show that it is possible to easily develop applicable cancer prediction models with nationwide claim data using machine learning. The 7 models showed acceptable performances and explainability, and thus can be distributed easily in real-world environments.
Accuracy of Automated Smartphone Applications for Detection of Melanomas in Adult Pigmented Lesions: A Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Lu Justin Di , Sachdeva Muskaan , Lam Megan , Vender Ronald
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Automated smartphone applications are increasingly being developed to provide an immediate risk assessment of lesions. However, the accuracy of these smartphone applications are not well known.

OBJECTIVE

To systematically review and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of automated smartphone applications in detecting melanoma in adults with pigmented lesions.

METHODS

We systematically searched for articles which evaluated automated smartphone applications for detecting melanomas in MEDLINE and Embase. Articles were included if they used smartphone applications with automated analysis for detecting melanomas and were compared to benign lesions that were confirmed through histopathological examination or expert opinion.

RESULTS

12 automated smartphone conditions examined a total of 6635 lesions, comprising 269 melanomas. Sensitivities ranged from 7% (95% CI 2-16%) to 97% (95% CI 85-100%) and specificities from 27% (95% CI: 6-61%) to 100% (95% CI: 78-100%). However, none of these conditions were as accurate as the diagnostic evaluation by one dermatologist in one of the studies.

CONCLUSIONS

We do not recommend automated smartphone applications for detecting melanomas. In addition, research is needed on the impact of false interpretations from smartphone applications on patients with skin concerns.
Operationalizing and Implementing Pretrained, Large Artificial Intelligence Linguistic Models in the US Health Care System: Outlook of Generative Pretrained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) as a Service Model (Preprint)
Authors: Sezgin Emre , Sirrianni Joseph , Linwood Simon L
Published: August 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Generative pretrained transformer models have been popular recently due to their enhanced capabilities and performance. In contrast to many existing artificial intelligence models, generative pretrained transformer models can perform with very limited training data. Generative pretrained transformer 3 (GPT-3) is one of the latest releases in this pipeline, demonstrating human-like logical and intellectual responses to prompts. Some examples include writing essays, answering complex questions, matching pronouns to their nouns, and conducting sentiment analyses. However, questions remain with regard to its implementation in health care, specifically in terms of operationalization and its use in clinical practice and research. In this viewpoint paper, we briefly introduce GPT-3 and its capabilities and outline considerations for its implementation and operationalization in clinical practice through a use case. The implementation considerations include (1) processing needs and information systems infrastructure, (2) operating costs, (3) model biases, and (4) evaluation metrics. In addition, we outline the following three major operational factors that drive the adoption of GPT-3 in the US health care system: (1) ensuring Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance, (2) building trust with health care providers, and (3) establishing broader access to the GPT-3 tools. This viewpoint can inform health care practitioners, developers, clinicians, and decision makers toward understanding the use of the powerful artificial intelligence tools integrated into hospital systems and health care.
Descoberta de conhecimento com uso de técnicas de mineração de textos aplicadas em documentos textuais da investigação policial brasileira
Authors: Silva Marcio Ponciano da , Viera Angel Freddy Godoy
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar cómo las técnicas de minería de textos aplicadas a documentos textuales de la investigación policial brasileña pueden promover el descubrimiento de conocimiento. La investigación recopiló documentos de la investigación policial y los sometió al proceso de minería de textos. El estudio utilizó las técnicas de plegado de casos, tokenización, palabras vacías personalizadas, bolsa de palabras y TF-IDF para extraer los resultados en ngramas. Los resultados se presentaron con nubes de palabras. En la investigación, se utilizaron k-medias para agrupar los conjuntos de trigramas, identificando en cada grupo los términos más representativos de los grupos. El uso de técnicas de minería de textos en estos documentos tenía como objetivo extraer conocimientos no triviales. Las técnicas de minería de texto, o descubrimiento de conocimiento en una base de datos textual, tienen el propósito de descubrir patrones inobservables cuando se analizan mediante manipulación humana de grandes volúmenes de documentos. Los resultados encontrados favorecieron el descubrimiento de conocimientos en la identificación de entidades y conexiones, así como categorías temáticas de la investigación.
Efectos económicos de la pandemia de covid-19
Authors: Nava Bolaños Isalia ,   Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas
Published: August 2021

Esta obra compila los diagnósticos y propuestas de la comunidad académica del Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas que, con base en su experiencia, enriquece el conocimiento ante los desafíos que impone la pandemia covid-19, que ha trastocado la economía y la vida humana. En las 26 contribuciones de este libro el público lector encontrará una amplia variedad de piezas sustentadas en diferentes marcos analíticos, supuestos y metodologías que, desde diversos abordajes, contribuyen a lograr una mayor comprensión sobre las particularidades de la pandemia. En esa medida, los distintos capítulos coadyuvan a contar con acciones encaminadas a mitigar las repercusiones de la pandemia y vislumbrar resultados favorables y sostenibles.
Study on Soil Stabilization by Using Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS)
Authors: Patil Pratiksha R.
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Soil stabilization has become the more issue in construction activity. In this study we focus on improvement of soil by using Fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). In many villages there was demolition of houses due to flood situation and landslide so stabilization of soil is very important factor in this area. In these studies we use local Fly ash and Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) for stabilization of soil. Soil are generally stabilized to increase their strength and durability or to prevent soil erosion. The properties of soil vary a great deal at different places or in certain cases even at one place the success of soil stabilization depends on soil testing. Various methods are there to stabilize soil and the method should be verified in the lab with the soil material before applying it on the field. The various percentages of Fly ash and GGBS were mixed with soil sample to conduct soil test. Using fly ash reduces the plasticity index which has potential impact on engineering properties also GGBS has cementations property which acts as binding material for the soil. On addition of 15% Fly ash and 5% GGBS increase the strength of soil (according to IS2720:1985) it’s recommended for better result. Keywords: Stabilization of soil, Fly ash, GGBS, Black cotton soil, Soil test.
Rumor Detection on Twitter
Authors: Singhal Shilpa
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Social media interaction such as news spreading around the network is a great source of information nowadays. From one’s perspective, its negligible exertion, straightforward access, and quick dispersing of information that lead people to look out and eat up news from internet-based life. Twitter is among the most well-known ongoing news sources that ends up a standout amongst the most dominant news spreading mediums. It is known to cause extensive harm by spreading bits of fake news among the people. Online clients are normally vulnerable and are reliable on web-based networking media as their source of information without checking the veracity of the information being spread. This research contributes to develops a system for detection of rumors about real- world events that propagate on Twitter and to design a prediction algorithm that will train the machine to predict whether the given data is information or a rumor. The work finds all the useful features of a Tweet. The dataset used is the pheme dataset of known Rumors and Non Rumors. Afterwards, we make a comparison between various known Machine learning algorithms such as Decision tree, SVM, Random Tree.
Design and Analysis of Steam Turbine Rotor Blade
Authors: Sangode Sanket
Published: August 2021

Abstract: A steam turbine is a tool that extracts thermal electricity from pressurized steam and makes use of it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. The steam turbine offers the better thermodynamic performance with the aid of the usage of a couple of levels inside the growth of steam. The levels are characterized by using the manner of strength extraction from them is considered as impulse or reaction mills. On this work the parameters of steam turbine blade various and evaluation is carried out for electricity, existence and warmth switch fees. The varied parameters are the ratio of x-axis distance of blade profile with the aid of chord length and ratio of maximum peak of blade profile in y-path to the chord period. The three-D modeling is executed by way of using Catia software program. The Ansys software is used for static, thermal analysis, subsequently concluded the best design and material (haste alloy, chrome steel, inconel 600) for steam turbine blade, after steam turbine blade imported the stl record 1:2 ratio in to 3-d printing we carried out fast prototyping technique. Keywords: Steam Turbine, Thermal Energy, Impulse Turbine, Reaction Turbine, Static Analysis, Thermal Analysis
Towards understanding the power of quantum kernels in the NISQ era
Authors: Wang Xinbiao , Du Yuxuan , Luo Yong , Tao Dacheng
Published: August 2021

A key problem in the field of quantum computing is understanding whether quantum machine learning (QML) models implemented on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines can achieve quantum advantages. Recently, Huang et al. [Nat Commun 12, 2631] partially answered this question by the lens of quantum kernel learning. Namely, they exhibited that quantum kernels can learn specific datasets with lower generalization error over the optimal classical kernel methods. However, most of their results are established on the ideal setting and ignore the caveats of near-term quantum machines. To this end, a crucial open question is: does the power of quantum kernels still hold under the NISQ setting? In this study, we fill this knowledge gap by exploiting the power of quantum kernels when the quantum system noise and sample error are considered. Concretely, we first prove that the advantage of quantum kernels is vanished for large size of datasets, few number of measurements, and large system noise. With the aim of preserving the superiority of quantum kernels in the NISQ era, we further devise an effective method via indefinite kernel learning. Numerical simulations accord with our theoretical results. Our work provides theoretical guidance of exploring advanced quantum kernels to attain quantum advantages on NISQ devices.
Social Media-Based E-learning and Online Assignments on Algebraic Materials
Authors: Rahmawati Miftah Sigit , Soekarta Rendra
Published: August 2021

This study aims at evaluating the application of social media-based e-learning and online assignments during Covid-19 pandemic based on: (1) the availability of facilities and infrastructure in implementing social media-based e-learning and online assignments during the Covid-19 pandemic, (2) comprehension and management of e-learning and online assignments by lecturers and students, (3) social media-based e-learning and online assignments. This study is a qualitative descriptive study using the CIPP evaluation by evaluating each component, including context, input, process and product/outcome. The sources of study data involved lecturers and students of Informatics Engineering at Muhammadiyah University Sorong in Matrix Algebra course. The instruments of primary data collection was online assignments and Google Form questionnaires, while secondary data was obtained through observation, literature study, documentation and interviews. The results show that students obtained an overall average score (mean) of 76.4 from the maximum score of 100, and a percentage of assignment collection of 65.78%. This results were categorized as adequate, in meaning it is rather effective for theory comprehension, and was categorized as moderate in terms of boosting students’ motivation in doing social media-based online assignments, depending on the type of assignment. This signifies that the evaluation of CIPP in social media-based e-learning and online assignments in algebra has positive outcome in terms of infrastructure, management, and use.
Exploring the Decision-Making Process of Pre-Service Teachers in Solving Mathematics Literacy Problems
Authors: Murtafiah Wasilatul , Lukitasari Marheny , Lestari Nurcholif Diah Sri
Published: August 2021

Students’ lack of mathematical literacy skills is also accompanied by the lack of mathematical literacy skills of most pre-service teachers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the decision-making process conducted by pre-service teachers in solving mathematical literacy problems. This qualitative descriptive study involved two subjects taken from 42 pre-service mathematics teacher students. Each subject was identified based on their pattern in solving mathematical literacy problems correctly and inappropriately. Data were collected through tests of mathematical literacy problems and test-based interviews. The results showed that there were differences in the decision-making process done by the students with correct and incorrect problem solving, namely: (1) building ideas, having three vs. two solution ideas, formulating and employing correctly vs. formulating correctly and employing inappropriately; (2) clarifying ideas, giving reasons for each idea vs. having wrong reasons due to calculation errors, interpreting correctly vs. interpreting incorrectly; and (3) assessing the reasonableness of an idea, providing logical reasons with one choice vs. logical reasons with one choice but less sure. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the creativity of prospective teacher students in building ideas is still low and reasoning in expressing and choosing ideas is still weak, causing immature decision making. The finding of this study provides suggestions for educators to provide structured assignments and for other researchers to find factors influencing pre-service teachers’ decision-making in mathematics problem-solving to improve pre-service teachers’ decision-making skills.
Developing PISA-Like Math Tasks on Algebra Using Arabic Contexts
Authors: Turidho Aisyah , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Susanti Ely , Johan Mery
Published: August 2021

This development research aimed to develop valid and practical PISA-like math tasks on algebra using Arabic contexts that potentially affect mathematical literacy skills. This research was comprised of two stages, preliminary and formative evaluations. This research employed the lesson study learning community (LSLC) system in the development and implementation process and involved grade eight students aged 13-15 years old in Junior High School 19 Palembang. Data collection techniques were walkthrough, observations, and interviews, while the analysis techniques were tests. This research produced six units and nine items of PISA-like-math problems with the content characteristics using Algebra topic, Arabic personal and social contexts, levels 2, 3, 5 and 6 following the 2018 PISA framework, process competencies at mathematical literacy skills, standard language application, applicability for students, and interpret by students. To conclude, the developed PISA-like math tasks were valid, provided practicality, and potentially affected on mathematical literacy skills, and learning to confront Arabic culture in South Sumatera.
The visits of the rulers of Russia’s Central Asian protectorates to St. Petersburg at the turn of the 20th century: communicative practice
Authors: Brezhneva Svetlana N.
Published: August 2021

This article considers the visits of the rulers of Russias Central Asian protectorates to St. Petersburg as a means for the imperial authorities to communicate with the Muslim elite. It argues out that gifts, decorations and lavish receptions were all means to exert psychological pressure on the Emir of Bukhara and the Khan of Khiva. Together with other practices, these were meant integrate the Muslim elite into Russian society. As relations with the protectorates evolved, the Russian government developed a plan to annex them. However, the ministry of foreign affairs effectively blocked the move. At the same time, St Petersburg accorded extensive powers to the protectorates rulers that even exceeded those of Turkestans governor-general, encouraging them to consider themselves to be independent rulers. At the same time, differences in outlook, faith, and ways to communicate led the protectorates to separate themselves from the Russian Empire and drove them into the arms its enemies during World War I.
[ID 52462] INFLUÊNCIA DO USO DO SMARTPHONE SOBRE O EQUILÍBRIO DE JOVENS DURANTE A REALIZAÇÃO DE DUPLA-TAREFA
Authors: Afonso Sobrinho Junior Sidney , Faques Tessari Giovanna Marina , Borges Lino Tayla , Gomes de Souza Pegorare Ana Beatriz , Christofoletti Gustavo
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do uso de smartphones sobre o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico de adultos jovens e calcular a amostra ideal a partir do tamanho do efeito obtido nesse estudo. Metodologia: Dez adultos jovens com idade de 21,5±3,2 anos foram incluídos nesse estudo. Os participantes foram submetidos a testes estáticos (plataforma de força) e dinâmicos (teste Timed Get Up and Go), realizados concomitantes ao uso do smartphone. A análise estatística envolveu os testes de Friedmann e Wilcoxon, comparando os resultados com e sem o uso de celular. Resultados: O uso de smartphone impactou negativamente o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico dos participantes, tanto em atividades de digitação de mensagem quanto em atividades de conversa ao telefone. A análise do tamanho do efeito sugere a necessidade de 45 jovens para mensuração do equilíbrio estático e 28 para análise do equilíbrio dinâmico. Conclusão: O uso do smartphone causou interferência sobre o equilíbrio de adultos jovens, predispondo a desequilíbrios e riscos de quedas em atividades estáticas e dinâmicas. Os resultados devem ser corroborados por novos estudos com tamanho amostral superior a 45 participantes.
[ID 53216] ANÁLISE NEUROFUNCIONAL DE RECÉM-NASCIDOS DE MÃES CRONICAMENTE INFECTADAS PELO TOXOPLASMA GONDII
Authors: Bandeira Riesco Thaís , Martins Avelino Mariza
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de recém-nascidos de mães cronicamente infectadas pelo Toxoplasma gondii. Metodologia: A população do estudo foi composta por 79 recém-nascidos. Foi realizada uma entrevista sociodemográfica com as mães por intermédio de um questionário, assim como um exame dos reflexos primitivos nos recém-nascidos. As análises foram realizadas com o auxílio do pacote estatístico SPSS®, versão 23. Resultados: A correlação de Spearman mostrou que não existiu uma idade em que as mães tiveram um maior contato com a toxoplasmose e a maioria realizou entre cinco a oito consultas pré-natais. No teste de Mann-Whitney foi observado que os diferentes métodos usados para avaliar a idade gestacional mostraram valores aproximados, ao comparar os recém-nascidos de mães com toxoplasmose crônica e mães suscetíveis ao protozoário. A ausência do reflexo de fuga ao sufocamento foi encontrada em duas crianças, filhas de mães expostas ao protozoário, porém, pelo teste do Qui-quadrado não foi verificada nenhuma associação entre ausências de reflexos primitivos nos recém-nascidos e a presença do Toxoplasma gondii nas mães. O teste de Mann-Whitney também foi utilizado na comparação entre o APGAR do primeiro e do quinto minutos dos recém-nascidos, no qual não foi constatada diferença significativa. Conclusão: Os recém-nascidos de mães cronicamente infectadas pelo Toxoplasma gondii não apresentaram déficit ou atraso neuropsicomotor.
[ID 53364] INTERIORIZAÇÃO DA EPIDEMIA DE COVID-19 NA REGIÃO NORDESTE: EXISTEM DIFERENÇAS NA CHANCE DE OCORRÊNCIA DOS ÓBITOS SEGUNDO O PORTE POPULACIONAL DO MUNICÍPIO?
Authors: De Araújo Palmeira Poliana , Pinheiro de Tolêdo Vianna Rodrigo
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a expansão da epidemia de COVID-19 nos municípios de todos os estados da Região Nordeste do Brasil no mês de maio de 2020 e estimar, a partir dos dados dos boletins oficiais dos Estados, a chance de ocorrência de óbitos da COVID-19 em cada estado comparando municípios grandes com os de médio ou pequeno porte populacional. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, espaço-temporal com avaliação em três momentos distintos entre os dias 7 e 22 do mês de maio. A expansão da epidemia foi descrita pelo percentual de municípios atingidos nos estados em cada momento no tempo e pelas chances de óbito, estimadas pela razão entre os casos de óbito registrados e o número de pessoas confirmadas com a doença, subtraído os óbitos. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram a interiorização acelerada da epidemia da COVID-19 na Região Nordeste e as chances de óbito diferentes estatisticamente em todos os estados, em pelo menos um dos períodos analisados. No Ceará, Maranhão e Paraíba as chances de óbito foram maiores nos municípios de grande porte populacional, com mais de 100 mil habitantes, enquanto nos demais estados da região as chances de óbitos foram maiores nos municípios de médio ou pequeno porte populacional. Conclusões: Os achados sugerem a ocorrência desigual da COVID-19 nos estados nordestinos ao comparar municípios de grande e médio porte populacional, o que alerta para a complexidade do processo epidêmico da COVID-19 em territórios com vulneráveis como o interior nordestino.
[ID 53973] ASSOCIAÇÃO DO CONSUMO DE FRUTAS E GLICEMIA DE JEJUM ENTRE ADULTOS E IDOSOS QUILOMBOLAS DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS
Authors: Carvalho dos Santos Renata , Pereira Alves Ana Gabriella , Sebastiana Silva Maria
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Associar o consumo diário de frutas com o perfil antropométrico e bioquímico de adultos e idosos quilombolas do Estado de Goiás. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com 184 quilombolas acima de 20 anos. Obteve-se dados demográficos, frequência de consumo de frutas, medidas antropométricas, lipidograma e glicemia de jejum. Realizou-se comparação entre grupos estratificado pelo consumo diário de frutas. Resultados: As principais inadequações antropométricas e bioquímicas encontradas foram relação cintura-estatura (67,9%) e hipercolesterolemia (47,8%). O consumo diário de frutas foi observado em 36,4% dos avaliados. O grupo que não consumia frutas diariamente apresentou maior média de glicemia de jejum (p = 0,047) e maior prevalência de hiperglicemia (p = 0,022), quando comparado ao grupo que consumia frutas diariamente. Além disso, os adultos e idosos quilombolas que não consumiam frutas diariamente apresentaram 2,91 vezes mais chance de possuir hiperglicemia (p < 0,05) em comparação ao grupo com ingestão diária. Conclusão: O consumo diário de frutas deve ser estimulado entre a população quilombola avaliada, visando a prevenção do desenvolvimento de doenças relacionadas à hiperglicemia.
[ID 55351] ETNIA AUTODECLARADA E ANCESTRALIDADE GENÔMICA EM MULHERES DO SUL DA BAHIA COM INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA: ESTUDO CASO – CONTROLE
Authors: Dórea Gonzaga Pollyanna , Costa Marco Antônio , Santos de Oliveira Ohana Luiza , Rocha Gadelha Sandra , Bispo Sousa Sandra Mara
Published: August 2021

OBJETIVO: Estimar a ancestralidade genômica e sua a associação com a etnia autodeclarada em amostras de mulheres com diagnóstico de incontinência urinária (IU). METODOLOGIA: Participaram 145 mulheres, sendo 52 casos diagnosticados pela avaliação urodinâmica e 93 controles, com idade entre 45 e 60 anos. Foram utilizados seis marcadores de ancestralidade genômica (AIMs) (RB2300, LPL, AT3-I/D, Sb19.3 e APO) com valores de diferencial de frequência δ > 40% entre africanos e europeus ou ameríndios. As frequências alélicas foram analisadas pelo programa GENEPOP e as proporções de ancestralidade genômica através do programa ADMIX 3. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da etnia autodeclarada parda (69,2%) não representou um fator de risco para IU (p = 0,446) e OR = 0,446 (0,322-1,647). Porém a estimativa de ancestralidade genômica avaliada por AIMs revelou maior contribuição da ancestralidade europeia (66% e 68%), seguida da africana (24% e 22%) e ameríndia (10%), entre as amostras casos e controles. A análise da etnia autodeclarada comparada com a ancestralidade genômica mostrou discordância, 20% das mulheres com IU se declararam brancas, já 80% pardas e pretas, porém a estimativa de ancestralidade genômica demonstrou que as contribuições europeia, africana e ameríndia foram de 66%, 24% e 34%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A diferença encontrada entre a ancestralidade genômica obtida utilizando os AIMs e a verificada pela etnia autodeclarada indicam a importância de avaliar o grau de mistura étnica em amostras miscigenadas, a fim de evitar vieses de associação à determinada doença, pois as amostras casos e controles podem diferir significativamente em relação à ancestralidade genômica.
Usos do passado
Authors: Oliveira Valter Gomes Santos de
Published: August 2021

Os dispositivos das memórias e seus usos sociais vêm despertando cada vez mais os interesses dos historiadores. Não apenas enquanto um objeto da história, a memória passou a ser, dentro dessa nova perspectiva de análise, um tipo de abordagem de grande importância. Nesse sentido, as comemorações ocupam atenções especiais por parte da recente historiografia, visto ser um artifício a serviço da preservação de uma memória, oficial ou não, seletiva por natureza, marcada pelos esquecimentos e silêncios. No sertão da Bahia, as festas pela comemoração do bicentenário da Vila de Jacobina foram realizadas entre os dias 20 e 24 de junho de 1922, reunindo na época diversas pessoas e personalidades da região, além de lideranças políticas.Particularmente, o evento contou com a participação do jornalista e intelectual jacobinense Afonso Costa, que esteve ali como orador oficial e representante do Instituto Geográfico e Histórico da Bahia (IGHB). O presente artigo examina o significado daquela comemoração no espaço político da época através dos textos de Afonso Costa e da imprensa regional, bem como na sua relação com o Centenário da Independência do Brasil. Por fim, investiga aspectos da invenção de Jacobina na produção historiográfica de Afonso Costa e sua vinculação aos propósitos do IGHB na busca pela construção da identidade nacional.
Tramas de poder
Authors: Campos Ipojucan Dias
Published: August 2021

O artigo está localizado na cidade de Belém (PA) entre 1917 e 1925. A sua base documental foi um conjunto de correspondências (13 no total) anexadas em 12 processos contenciosos de desquite impetrados por cônjuges descontentes com os encaminhamentos dados aos seus casamentos. Dito isto, o objeto de estudo se concentrou na interpretação dos alimentos (feijão, arroz, peixe, carne, farinha, manteiga) por meio do prisma da fabricação de poder no seio da família. Em outros termos, quem os comprava (trabalhava para tal) e os colocava à disposição dos integrantes da linhagem, os descortinava como ferramentas capazes de submeter sogros(as), cunhados(as), maridos e esposas a condições subalternas, pois, inevitavelmente, esses dependentes – conforme algumas cartas adicionadas aos autos – tinham a sua honra, hombridade, dignidade “submetidas” ao mantenedor. Assim sendo, a problemática a dar vazão a este estudo em nenhum momento esteve preocupada em compreender os provimentos na sua qualidade nutritiva, nem na escassez, nem no abastecimento, nem na variação de preços, nem no aspecto da diversidade alimentícia. O ponto central dessas intervenções se deteve a investigar a alimentação, essencialmente, como instrumento de onde relações de poder, no interior da família, cintilavam e se faziam. À vista disso, a metodologia utilizada no desenvolvimento destas interpretações se concentrou em observar e interligar histórias, bem como em estabelecer comparações sistemáticas a envolver as narrativas contidas nas epístolas agregadas nos litígios de separação de corpos e bens.
história de fracasso ou sucesso?
Authors: Gregory Júlia Leite
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é explorar o universo da colonização particular desenvolvida na província do Rio Grande do Sul a partir da análise da trajetória de Antônio Fialho de Vargas, gerente da empresa Batista Fialho & Cia. Esta tinha como sócios, além de Antônio, o irmão dele, Manoel Fialho de Vargas Filho e seu padrinho, João Batista Soares da Silveira e Souza. Embora a sociedade tenha existido por apenas oito anos, Antônio ficou envolvido no comércio de lotes coloniais para imigrantes e descendentes durante quarenta anos. Acompanhando o nome do indivíduo em registros paroquiais, inventários post-mortem, escrituras públicas, correspondências e jornais, foi possível reconstruir os contextos nos quais o mesmo estava inserido e entender as estratégias por ele utilizadas. Por fim, constata-se que o empresário que desejasse investir na colonização privada em meados do século XIX, deveria possuir uma variedade de investimentos e redes sociais capazes de garantir apoio político. O mercado da terra era um negócio lucrativo somente a longo prazo, sendo necessário aplicações em atividades econômicas de retorno mais dinâmico.
"Operação Crusp"
Authors: Silva Dayane Soares da
Published: August 2021

É fato que, apesar das continuidades na articulação estudantil ao longo da ditadura militar brasileira, muitas das atividades realizadas pela categoria e dos espaços marcados por sua presença seriam desarticulados pela repressão. Temos por finalidade, através deste artigo, lançar luz ao processo coercitivo empreendido pelo aparato repressivo ditatorial brasileiro sobre a categoria estudantil universitária, evidenciando seus reflexos nos âmbitos coletivo e individual. Para atendermos a tal intuito, nos debruçaremos sobre a investida repressiva lançada sobre o Conjunto Residencial da USP (Crusp) em dezembro de 1968, bem como seus efeitos subsequentes, sem ignorar, porém, a importância histórica do local para a articulação da oposição e para a vivência universitária. Para tanto, optamos pelo uso de quatro tipologias documentais distintas: documentos produzidos pelos órgãos repressivos do Estado, documentos de imprensa, documentos produzidos no meio estudantil e relatos de ex-residentes do local. Com efeito, através do caso selecionado, beneficiados pela contraposição documental, buscamos contribuir para com a discussão em torno da violência institucional praticada ao longo da Ditadura, assim como levantar pontos para traçarmos algumas reflexões acerca da autonomia universitária, questão ainda em aberto em nossa atualidade.
Epidemiología de la Leptospirosis en el departamento del Huila, Colombia. 2011- 2017
Authors: Cedeño Chacón Gustavo Adolfo , Gómez Cerquera Juan Manuel , Chica Polanía María Valentina , Arce Polo Angie Vanessa , Perdomo Flórez William , Tafurt Cardona Yaliana
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Describir la epidemiología de la Leptospirosis en el departamento del Huila durante el período 2011 -2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, retrospectivo. La población analizada fueron pacientes de los diferentes municipios del departamento del Huila que se reportaron como casos probables o confirmados de leptospirosis. Se estructuraron registros por cada año en bases de datos recopiladas por el área de epidemiología de la Secretaría de Salud del Huila, basadas en las fichas de notificación de vigilancia en salud pública para leptospirosis y generadas por cada Unidad Primaria Generadora de Datos (UPGD) ante la presencia del evento. Los datos fueron discriminados de acuerdo a las variables de interés para el estudio en una nueva base de datos en Excel; tabuladas con el programa estadístico R – Studio 3.3.3 y Epidat 4.2, para luego ser procesados con estadísticos descriptivos y finalmente ser expresados en porcentajes y en tasas de incidencia. Resultados: Se reportaron 268 casos, de los cuales 61 (23%) fueron confirmados por laboratorio y 207 (77%) sospechosos o probables. El 69% de los pacientes presentaron fiebre, mialgias y cefalea como síntomas representativos. El grupo etario más afectado tenía entre 27 y 59 años de edad (44%). La población se caracterizó por ser del área urbana (65%), con mayor frecuencia en hombres (72%). En relación a la ocupación laboral, se encontró mayor frecuencia en agricultores (20%) y en el personal de aseo (17%). Los factores de riesgo evidenciados fueron la presencia de animales domésticos en un 67% de los casos, así como la presencia de ratas en el hogar (51%) y el posible mal manejo del agua. Conclusiones: El incremento en el número de casos de Leptospirosis probablemente está asociado a la mala manipulación del agua y a la presencia de animales en el domicilio.
Infección por Trypanosoma Cruzi en donantes de un banco de sangre del departamento Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Suescún Carrero Sandra Helena , Medina Alfonso Mabel Idaliana , Murcia García Nubia Alexandra , Forero Pulido Sandra Marina
Published: August 2021

Introducción: La Enfermedad de Chagas también conocida como Tripanosomiasis americana es un problema de salud pública. Se calcula que en el mundo hay entre 6 y 7 millones de personas infectadas por Trypanosoma cruzi, la mayoría de ellas en América Latina.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en donantes de un banco de sangre del departamento de Boyacá 2016-2018.

Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado en 25.920 donantes de sangre del departamento de Boyacá. La fuente de información fue secundaria. Se determinó la prevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi y se compararon según sexo, grupo etario y tipo de donante a través de análisis de frecuencias.

Resultados: Se evaluaron 9187 donantes durante el año 2016; 8517 en el 2017 y 8216 en el 2018, de los cuales 56,1% eran de sexo femenino y 43,9% masculino. La prevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi fue 0,17 % en la tamización y 0,08 % con las pruebas confirmatorias de las cuales el 70,0% eran mujeres, el 85,0% donantes voluntarios por primera vez, el rango de edad en el que se presentó mayor prevalencia de este marcador serológico fue de 41 a 50 y de 51 a 65 años con un 35,0% cada uno . La prevalencia de la infección de Chagas presentó asociación estadísticamente significativa con la edad (p < 0,05).

Conclusiones: Los bancos de sangre resultan ser una de las fuentes de información disponibles para monitorear el comportamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas y evaluar la toma de decisiones en salud pública, teniendo en cuenta  que  la enfermedad  se caracteriza de manera asintomática y sin compromiso clínico en la mayoría de los casos.
Descripción Manejo de la hiperglicemia en un hospital de primer nivel de atención
Authors: Castrillon Spitia Juan Daniel , Londoño Montes Juliana , Jaramillo Patiño Juliana , Garrido Hernández Carolina , Bermúdez Cardona Diana Carolina , Machado Alba Jorge Enrique
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Describir el tratamiento en un hospital de primer nivel de pacientes que consultaron el servicio de urgencias por hiperglucemia, el manejo previo y su probable relación con nuevas hiperglucemias.

Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal con seguimiento de un año en pacientes mayores de 18 años con hiperglucemia que consultaron en el servicio de urgencias entre septiembre-2016 y agosto-2017. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y se establecieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, y farmacológicas. Se empleó estadística descriptiva, X2 y modelos de regresión logística binaria (P<0.05).

 

Resultados: Se presentaron 86 pacientes con hiperglucemia (edad media de 52.1±14.93 años).  Se encontró que en el  58,1% de casos había un  diagnóstico previo  de diabetes mellitus; 87,2% fueron tratados con insulina cristalina y el 47,0% de los pacientes consultaron nuevamente por una crisis de hiperglucemia en los seis meses posteriores al egreso.

 

Conclusión: Existe  alta proporción de pacientes con hiperglucemias no cetónicas, no hiperosmolares que desconocían presentar diabetes mellitus. Además, casi la mitad de los pacientes consultan nuevamente por crisis de  hiperglucemia  en los siguientes seis meses después del alta.