bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus) in a production forestry context: A territory mapping study
Authors: Lõhmus Asko
Published: February 2023

In Northern Europe, the Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus) is a relatively poorly studied species inhabiting forested landscapes where it has historically experienced population declines. Those declines have been attributed to the spread of intensive forest management; yet, the populations have stabilized or increased in recent decades. To distinguish the main forestry impacts on its breeding numbers and distribution, a multiple-visit territory-mapping study was carried out over 15 km2 of production forest landscape in Estonia. At the landscape scale, the breeding distribution was concentrated to conifer forests on bog peat where the densities were five times higher than in other conifer forests and (at least) ten times higher than in non-conifer forests. This reveals a broad distribution pattern where high-density (core) habitats only host a small fraction of the total population; their relative contribution to the recruitment remains unknown. At the breeding territory scale (within 150 m from a nest), Mistle Thrushes avoided recent clear-cuts and preferred larger areas of old stands more than expected from the distribution of suitable stands for nesting. This indicated that, in a short term, clear-cutting reduces nesting habitats of this species disproportionately more than expected from the cut area alone; this is in accordance with the documented 20th century declines of the species in Fennoscandia. The relationship with forestry drainage is more complicated, however, due to delayed effects and covariation with the main breeding habitat. The basic ecology of the species in conifer forest-wetland landscapes, which are subjected to management pressures, warrants future studies and might provide general insights into the dynamics and functioning of these ecosystems.
PENERAPAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS SISWA SD
Authors: RAJAGUKGUK SURYANA
Published: February 2023

In the teaching and learning process, various types of learning models can be used. One of the learning models is Project based learning. This model is usually often used in teaching in elementary schools. The learning process only guides student learning outcomes. Moreover, the teacher assesses the suitability of what is conveyed, not to think creatively about the product so that the product is effective in learning. By using the Project based learning learning model that starts from basic questions, organizing, scheduling, monitoring, presenting and evaluating projects can increase student creativity or student creative thinking. The created problem is then made into a product in progress. The purpose of this research is to find out the application of Project based learning to increase the creativity of elementary school students. This writing uses literature research to analyze 10 journals that match the title raised. The data used is secondary data, namely data obtained indirectly from previous research. Data collection techniques by analyzing books, theses and classroom action research journals related to increasing creativity by using the Project based learning learning model. The method used is a qualitative research method. From the results of the journals that have been analyzed, it can be said that not only learning outcomes have increased but children's creativity has also increased.
ABSTRAKDalam proses belajar mengajar, berbagai jenis model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan. Salah satu model pembelajaran yaitu Project based learning. Model ini biasanya sering digunakan dalam mengajar di SD. Adapun proses pembelajaran hanya menuntun hasil belajar siswa. Apalagi guru lebih menilai kesesuaian dengan yang disampaikan bukan kepada berpikir kreatif terhadap produk sehingga produk tepat guna dalam pembelajaran. Dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Project based learning yang dimulai dari pertanyaan mendasar, mengorganisasi, membuat jadwal, memonitoring, menyajikan dan mengevaluasi proyek dapat meningkatkan kretivitas siswa atau berpikir kreatif siswa. Masalah yang dibuat kemudian dijadikan suatu produk dalam penyelesaian. Tujuan penelitian ini hendak mengetahui penerapan Project based learning untuk meningkatkan kreativitas siswa SD. Penulisan ini menggunakan penelitian literatur menganalisis 10 jurnal yang sesuai dengan judul yang diangkat. Adapun data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yaitu data yang diperoleh secara tidak langsung dari penelitian terdahulu. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menganalisis buku, skripsi dan jurnal penelitian tindakan kelas yang berhubungan meningkatkan kreativitas dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Project based learning. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Dari hasil jurnal yang sudah dianalisis maka dapat dikatakan bukan hanya hasil belajar yang meningkat tetapi kerativitas anak juga meningkat.
Dual-frequency spectral radar retrieval of snowfall microphysics: a physics-driven deep-learning approach
Authors: Billault-Roux Anne-Claire , Ghiggi Gionata , Jaffeux Louis , Martini Audrey , Viltard Nicolas , Berne Alexis
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The use of meteorological radars to study snowfall microphysical properties and processes is well established, in particular via a few distinct techniques: the use of radar polarimetry, of multi-frequency radar measurements, and of the radar Doppler spectra. We propose a novel approach to retrieve snowfall properties by combining the latter two techniques, while relaxing some assumptions on, e.g., beam alignment and non-turbulent atmosphere. The method relies on a two-step deep-learning framework inspired from data compression techniques: an encoder model maps a high-dimensional signal to a low-dimensional latent space, while the decoder reconstructs the original signal from this latent space. Here, Doppler spectrograms at two frequencies constitute the high-dimensional input, while the latent features are constrained to represent the snowfall properties of interest.
The decoder network is first trained to emulate Doppler spectra from a set of microphysical variables, using simulations from the Passive and Active Microwave radiative TRAnsfer model (PAMTRA) as training data. In a second step, the encoder network learns the inverse mapping, from real measured dual-frequency spectrograms to the microphysical latent space; in doing so, it leverages with a convolutional structure the spatial consistency of the measurements to mitigate the ill-posedness of the problem. The method was implemented on X- and W-band data from the ICE GENESIS campaign that took place in the Swiss Jura Mountains in January 2021. An in-depth assessment of the retrieval accuracy was performed through comparisons with colocated aircraft in situ measurements collected during three precipitation events. The agreement is overall good and opens up possibilities for acute characterization of snowfall microphysics on larger datasets.
A discussion of the sensitivity and limitations of the method is also conducted. The main contribution of this work is, on the one hand, the theoretical framework itself, which can be applied to other remote-sensing retrieval applications and is thus possibly of interest to a broad audience across atmospheric sciences. On the other hand, the seven retrieved microphysical descriptors provide relevant insights into snowfall processes.
Potential Artifacts in Conservation Laws and Invariants Inferred from Sequential State Estimation
Authors: Wunsch Carl , Williamson Sarah , Heimbach Patrick
Published: February 2023

Abstract. In sequential estimation methods often used in oceanic and general climate calculations of the state and of forecasts, observations act mathematically and statistically as forcings. For purposes of calculating changes in important functions of state variables such as total mass and energy, or volumetric current transports, results are sensitive to mis-representation of a large variety of parameters, including initial conditions, prior uncertainty covariances, and systematic and random errors in observations. Here toy models of a mass-spring oscillator and of a barotropic Rossby-wave equation are used to demonstrate many of the issues. Results from Kalman-filter estimates, and those from finite interval smoothing are analyzed. In the filter (and prediction) problem, entry of data leads to violation of conservation and other invariant rules. A finite interval smoothing method restores the conservation rules, but uncertainties in all such estimation results remain. Convincing trend and other time-dependent determinations in "reanalysis" -like estimates require a full understanding of both models and observations.
Arctic observations of Hydroperoxymethyl Thioformate (HPMTF) – seasonal behavior and relationship to other oxidation products from Dimethyl Sulfide at the Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard
Authors: Siegel Karolina , Gramlich Yvette , Haslett Sophie L. , Freitas Gabriel , Krejci Radovan , Zieger Paul , Mohr Claudia
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a gas produced by phytoplankton, is the largest source of atmospheric sulfur over marine areas. DMS undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere to form a range of oxidation products, out of which methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and sulfuric acid (SA) are well-known for participating in the formation and growth of atmospheric aerosol particles. Recently, a new oxidation product of DMS, hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF) was discovered and later also measured in the atmosphere. Little is still known about the fate of this compound and its potential to partition to the particle phase. In this study, we present a full year (2020) of concurrent gas- and particle-phase observations of HPMTF, MSA, SA and other DMS oxidation products at the Zeppelin Observatory (Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard) located in the Arctic. This is the first time HPMTF has been measured in Svalbard and attempted to be observed in atmospheric particles. The results show that gas-phase HPMTF concentrations largely follow the same pattern as MSA during the sunlit months (April–September), indicating production of HPMTF around Svalbard. However, HPMTF was not observed in significant amounts in the particle phase, despite high gas-phase levels. Particulate MSA and SA were observed during the sunlit months, although the highest median levels of particulate SA were measured in February, coinciding with the highest gaseous SA levels with assumed anthropogenic origin. We further show that gas- and particle-phase MSA and SA are coupled in May–July, whereas HPMTF lies outside of this correlation due to the low particulate concentrations. These results provide more information about the relationship between HPMTF and other DMS oxidation products in a part of the world where these have not been explored yet, and about HPMTF’s ability to contribute to particle growth and cloud formation.
AltiMaP: Altimetry Mapping Procedure for Hydrography Data
Authors: Revel Menaka , Zhou Xudong , Modi Prakat , Yamazaki Dai , Calmant Stephane , Cretaux Jean-François
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Satellite altimetry data are useful for monitoring water surface dynamics, evaluating and calibrating hydrodynamic models, and enhancing river-related variables through optimization or assimilation approaches. However, comparing simulated water surface elevations (WSEs) using satellite altimetry data is challenging due to the difficulty of correctly matching the representative locations of satellite altimetry virtual stations (VSs) to the discrete river grids used in hydrodynamic models. In this study, we introduce an automated altimetry mapping procedure (AltiMaP) that allocates VS locations listed in the HydroWeb database to the Multi-Error Removed Improved Terrain Hydrography (MERIT Hydro) river network. Each VS was flagged according to the land cover of the initial pixel allocation, with 10, 20, 30, and 40 representing river channel, land with the nearest single-channel river, land with the nearest multi-channel river, and ocean pixels, respectively. Then, each VS was assigned to the nearest MERIT Hydro river reach according to geometric distance. Among the approximately 12,000 allocated VSs, most were categorized as flag 10 (71.7 %). Flags 10 and 20 were mainly located in upstream and midstream reaches, whereas flags 30 and 40 were mainly located downstream. Approximately 0.8 % of VSs showed bias, with considerable elevation differences (≥|15|m) between the mean observed WSE and MERIT digital elevation model. These biased VSs were predominantly observed in narrow rivers at high altitudes. Following VS allocation using AltiMaP, the median root mean squared error of simulated WSEs compared to satellite altimetry was 7.86 m. The error rate was much lower (10.6 %) than that obtained using a traditional approach, partly due to bias reduction. Thus, allocating VSs to a river network using the proposed AltiMaP framework improved our comparison of WSEs simulated by the global hydrodynamic model to those obtained by satellite altimetry. The AltiMaP source code (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7597310) (Revel et al., 2023a) and data (https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.632e550deaea46b080bdae986fd19156) (Revel et al., 2022) are freely accessible online and we anticipate that they will be beneficial to the international hydrological community.
Assimilating the dynamic spatial gradient of a bottom-up carbon flux estimation as a unique observation in COLA (v2.0)
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Zeng Ning , Liu Yun , Kalnay Eugenia , Asrar Ghassem , Cai Qixiang , Han Pengfei
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric inversion of high spatiotemporal surface CO2 flux without dynamic constraints and sufficient observations is an ill-posed problem, and a priori flux from a "bottom-up" estimation is commonly used in "top-down" inversion systems for regularization purposes. Ensemble Kalman filter-based inversion algorithms usually weigh a priori flux to the background or directly replace the background with the a priori flux. However, the "bottom-up" flux estimations, especially the simulated terrestrial-atmosphere CO2 exchange, are usually systematically biased at different spatiotemporal scales because of the deficiencies in understanding of some underlying processes. Here, we introduced a novel regularization algorithm into the Carbon in Ocean‒Land‒Atmosphere (COLA) data assimilation system, which assimilates a priori information as a unique observation (AAPO). The a priori information is not limited to "bottom-up" flux estimation. With the comprehensive assimilation regularization approach, COLA can apply the spatial gradient of the "bottom-up" flux estimation as a priori information to reduce the bias impact and enhance the dynamic information concerning the a priori "bottom-up" flux estimation. Benefiting from the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio in the spatial gradient, the global, regional, and grided flux estimations using the AAPO algorithm are significantly better than those obtained by the traditional regularization approach, especially over highly uncertain tropical regions in the context of observing simulation system experiments (OSSEs). We suggest that the AAPO algorithm can be applied to other greenhouse gas (e.g., CH4, NO2) and pollutant data assimilation studies.
Atmospheric electricity observations by Reinhold Reiter around Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Authors: Harrison R. Giles , Schlegel Kristian
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric electricity measurements were made at several sites close to Garmisch-Partenkirchen during four decades from 1950 to 1990 by Dr Reinhold Reiter, together with other environmental measurements. The quantities determined include the atmospheric potential gradient, the vertical current and the ion concentrations, and observations made at the Mount Wank site (1780 m, 47° 30' N, 11° 09' E) from 1st August 1972 to 31st December 1983 are available in digital form.
An interdisciplinary agent-based evacuation model: integrating the natural environment, built environment, and social system for community preparedness and resilience
Authors: Chen Chen , Koll Charles , Wang Haizhong , Lindell Michael K.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Previous tsunami evacuation simulations have mostly been based on arbitrary assumptions or inputs adapted from non-emergency situations, but a few studies have used empirical behavior data. This study bridges this gap by integrating empirical decision data from surveys on local evacuation expectations and evacuation drills into an agent-based model of evacuation behavior for two Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) communities that would be inundated within 20–40 min after a CSZ earthquake. The model also considers the impacts of liquefaction and landslides from the earthquake on tsunami evacuation. Furthermore, we integrate the slope-speed component from least-cost distance to build the simulation model that better represents the complex nature of evacuations. The simulation results indicate that milling time and the evacuation participation rate have significant nonlinear impacts on tsunami mortality estimates. When people walk faster than 1 m s−1, evacuation by foot is more effective because it avoids traffic congestion when driving. We also find that evacuation results are more sensitive to walking speed, milling time, evacuation participation, and choosing the closest safe location than to other behavioral variables. Minimum tsunami mortality results from maximizing the evacuation participation rate, minimizing milling time, and choosing the closest safe destination outside of the inundation zone. This study's comparison of the agent-based model and the beat-the-wave (BtW) model finds consistency between the two models' results. By integrating the natural system, built environment, and social system, this interdisciplinary model incorporates substantial aspects of the real world into the multi-hazard agent-based platform. This model provides a unique opportunity for local authorities to prioritize their resources for hazard education, community disaster preparedness, and resilience plans.
Sea ice in the Arctic Transpolar Drift in 2020/21: thermodynamic evolution of different ice types
Authors: Lei Ruibo , Hoppmann Mario , Cheng Bin , Nicolaus Marcel , Zhang Fanyi , Rabe Benjamin , Lin Long , Regnery Julia , Perovich Donald K.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Sea ice properties are extremely inhomogeneous, in particular on the floe-scale. Different characteristic local features, such as melt ponds and pressure ridges, profoundly impact the thermodynamic evolution of the ice pack even in a kilometre-scale domain, and the associated processes are still not well represented in current climate models. To better characterize the freezing and melting of different types of sea ice, we deployed four sea ice mass balance buoys on an ice floe close to the North Pole during the second drift of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) in August 2020. The study sites included level first-year ice, an open melt pond, and an unconsolidated ridge. The floe slowly drifted southwards from October 2020 to early March 2021 but shifted to a more rapid drift from March to July 2021. This drifting pattern, together with a large snow accumulation, relatively warm air temperatures, and a rapid increase in oceanic heat close to Fram Strait, determined the seasonal evolution of the ice mass balance. Storms, accompanied by higher air temperatures and enhanced ice dynamics, were the main cause of the formation of snow ice or superimposed ice. Although the 0.24-m deep melt pond was completely refrozen by 5 September, the relatively large snow accumulation and the heat storage with the rotten ice layer delayed ice basal growth beyond the last observation at this site in mid-February 2021. At the ridge site, the macroporosity of the unconsolidated layer was estimated between 0.005 and 0.755. The freezing of internal voids also delayed the ridge basal growth, which was not observed until 26 April 2021. Thus, the refreezing of ponded ice and voids within the unconsolidated ridges amplifies the anisotropy of the heat exchange between the ice and the lower atmosphere/upper ocean. Our results provide an important physical background for further interdisciplinary studies related to the MOSAiC observations and can be used to optimize the parameterization of freezing processes related to melt ponds and ice ridges in sea ice numerical models.
Extreme coherent gusts with direction change – probabilistic model, yaw control, and wind turbine loads
Authors: Hannesdóttir Ásta , Verelst David R. , Urbán Albert M.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Observations of large coherent fluctuations are used to define a probabilistic model of coherent gusts with direction change. The gust model provides the joint description of the gust rise time, amplitude, and directional changes with a 50-year return period. The observed events are from a decade of measurements from a coastal site in western Denmark, making the derived gust model site specific. In conjunction with the gust model, a yaw controller is presented in this study to investigate the load implications of the joint gust variables. These loads are compared with the design load case of the extreme coherent gust with direction change (ECD) from the IEC 61400-1 Ed.4 wind turbine safety standard. Within the framework of our site-specific gust model we find the return period of the ECD to be approximately 460 years. From the simulations we find that for gusts with a relatively long rise time the blade root flapwise bending moment, for example, can be reduced by including the considered yaw controller. From the extreme load comparison of the ECD and the modeled gusts we see that by including the variability in the gust parameters the load values from the modeled gusts are between 20 % and 74 % higher than the IEC gusts.
Optimization of Machining Parameters in CNC Turning of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites using Different Techniques: A Review
Authors: Sharma Vaibhav , Butola Ravi
Published: February 2023

Metal Matrix Composites is a subject of interest from last 6 decades and it is finding wide applications in many fields like Aerospace, Automobile, Spaceship, Piston and Sports Equipment etc. Adding a new element in the Metal Matrix Composite makes it Hybrid. HMMC’s provide better machinability and tribological properties. In CNC turning process, Surface Roughness and MRR are two main parameters. The Objective of the present paper review is to determine the optimum machining parameters in CNC turning of HMMC using different algorithms and techniques. This can be achieved by finding the optimum cutting parameters by Minimizing the Surface Roughness and Maximizing the Metal Removal Rate. For this we have reviewed Taguchi’s Design experiment. The main cutting parameters considered are Cutting Speed, Feed rate and Depth of Cut. Also we have reviewed Response Surface Methodology and Grey-Fuzzy Algorithm.
Real Estate Investment Trends in Unauthorised Colonies: A Case Study of Sangam Vihar, New Delhi
Authors: Paul Christopher
Published: February 2023

In recent years, Delhi has had an explosive growth in terms of economic development and population growth. Major contributor being In-Migration of poorer sections of society coming to Delhi for better employment opportunities. Hence there is a growing shortage of housing in the city. The apex body DDA, has not been able to provide planned and legal housing options for the people, especially the poorer section. This study is an investigation to unravel the Real estate market in the colonies wherein such sections of society has opted to build their houses, however it being in an illegal manner. The study is based on the parameters of investment, such as, Size of investment, plot sizes, Liquidity of buying and selling period, Lock-in period for the investment, the FAR built-up in these colonies. Other parameters include Net Annual income (rental) Type of accommodation available for rent, duration of stay of the tenants, size of investment- post purchase. The Average rate of return based on the lock-in period and the size of investment. These parameters along with the advantages have pronounced these UACs as a very good investment option among small and medium investors, besides being a good housing option.
Thermodynamic Functions of 2, 6- Di-bromo-phenol using spectroscopic data
Authors: Gupta S. K. , Rohilla Aman , Bhadauriya Preeti , Indolia Ajay Pal
Published: February 2023

Considering O-H group as a point mass, the vibrational spectrum of 2, 6 dibromo Phenol was analyzed and all the normal modes of vibrations were identified by assuming C2v symmetry for the molecule with Z- axis passing through Cring–O bond and y axis perpendicular to the molecule. Normal coordinate analysis was performed to compute the thermo dynamical functions using statistical methods. Variations of thermodynamic functions with temperature were plotted and trend discussed.
Deregulation of Power System in India: A Review
Authors: Maitra Sumit Kumar , Lolamo Mathewos , Choudhury Umakanta
Published: February 2023

World-wide, many countries and jurisdictions are advancing down the road of electricity privatization, deregulation, and competition. As the deregulation process develops questions are often raised about design of existing markets. Studies and descriptions of market designs are common but it is more difficult to discover the success or failure of initiatives in other countries and markets. Indian power industry restructuring with a limited level of competition, since 1991, has already been introduced at generation level by allowing participation of Independent Power Producers (IPPs). It is felt that the prevailing conditions in the country are good only for wholesale competition and not for the retail competition at this moment. A suitable model is suggested based on the current and future market participants.
Study of Temporary Overvoltages in 110/13.8/6.6 Kv Power Substation
Authors: Garg Ishta , Saeed Mohd Tayyab , Nigam Nikhil
Published: February 2023

Over voltages, be it of any magnitude, shape or amplitude adversely affect the smooth working of power substation and may prove to be fatal in many cases. In this paper study of insulation coordination of temporary over voltages (TOV) has been carried out in 110/13.8/6.6 kV substations. The factors determining the calculation of over voltages are considered in details and results are presented for over voltages induced in transformers, Gas Insulated Substations, surge reactors and surge arresters. These observed over voltages can be further used to determine the overall overvoltage rating of the station. Determining over voltages in the system help us to ensure whether the existing protection devices are sufficient to handle extreme situations without overshooting their energy ratings or some changes are required.
Importance of Informal Learning over Formal Learning in 21st Century
Authors: Mahajan Radhika
Published: February 2023

“Informal learning is enhanced when humans participate in interactive experiences”. – Allen (2004; Birchfield et al. 2008) .The unique learning needs of every learner, support the positive human relationships needed for effective learning. Learning environments are the structures, tools, and communities that inspire students and educators to attain the knowledge and skills the 21st century demands of us all. So far, we have considered how buildings, schedules, and technology all contribute to 21st century learning. Now we come to the most essential element of all: the “people network.” This is the community of students, educators, parents, business and civic leaders, and policymakers that constitute the human resources of an educational system. The flexible spaces that enable productive learning and shared work/play opportunities, the creative uses of time that promote continuous learning, the extensible technologies that support collaboration among the school community and the outside 22 world – all these systems are valuable only in so far as they effectively support the human connections on which The age-old connection between strong minds and strong bodies has always made good sense, but we now have the educational research to back it up. If we want our children to have sound and agile minds, we need to help them achieve sound and agile bodies. To educate the whole child, though, schools must devote themselves to more than the mind-body connection alone. They must attend to the emotional and social learning needs of children, as well as to more traditional objectives of academic achievement and physical education. Research and observation shows that human ware with its par aphelia is most important. Many of the successful organizations that we see around us today attribute their success to employees who are empowered to learn and innovate at great speeds. These are organizations that have buried their outlook about traditional styles of learning and development (Land amp;D) and embraced new strategies or models. They have realized that, with the traditional approach, it is impossible to achieve a high growth or efficiency because the way people learn has undergone a disruptive transformation…from formal ‘structured’ learning’ to informal ‘social learning’.” – The 70:20:10 Landamp;D Model for Developing a High-Citizens of the 21st century need to think critically and creatively, embrace diversity and ambiguity, and create as well as consume information. They need to be resourceful and self-reliant, while also skilled at collaboration and group process. They need to understand the many “languages” of modernity – such as mathematics, science, and technology – and be fluent in varied forms of communication – such as persuasion, presentation, and self- expression. “You can see an evident shift from formal curriculum-based learning to informal just-in- time learning, and this is just the beginning!” – Pooja Jaisingh
Optimization of Turning Parameters of AL-Alloy 6082 using Taguchi Method
Authors: Aryan Ravi , John Francis , Kumar Santosh , Kumar Amit
Published: February 2023

Every manufacturing industry aims at producing a large number of products within lesser time.This experiment shows the optimization of cutting parameters for surface roughness and material removal rate in the turning process to obtain the optimal setting for the process parameters and analysis of variance is used to analysis the influence of cutting parameters while turning. Orthogonal array is also beenused and prepared to obtain the optimal levels and to analyse the effect of each turning parameters. The S/N ratio is been calculated to structure the ANOVA table and study the performance characteristics in turning process. ANOVA analysis gives the contribution percentage of every process parameter. The number of experiments are to be obtained using full factorial design for optimal result.
Study of the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus Aureus in Garhwal Region, India
Authors: Uniyal Ajay , Mathuria Y. P. , Bhatt Arun
Published: February 2023

Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous commensal bacterium on human skins and anterior nares, but frequently causes severe infections in humans. It is commonest cause of infection in hospitals and is most liable to infect newborn babies, surgical patients, old and malnourished persons and patients with diabetes and other chronic diseases .Aim of this paper is to study the prevalence and detection of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus at the Garhwal Region, India. Samples are collected from Veer Chandra Singh Government medical science and research institute HNB Base Hospital Srinagar Garhwal. Data obtained about the study subjects included basic demographics, reasons for admission, medical history(underlying diseases) , medication history, site of infection, culture site, social history and isolate characterization (e. g. antimicrobial susceptibility pattern results). P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.During the two years period, 300 patients with clinical presentation of septicemia admitted in different units, namely Medicine, Nursery, Pediatrics, ICU, Orthopedic, Dialysis and Surgery, 309 of them were positive for S. aureus. The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 15.3% and the prevalence in the type of samples cultured were: blood (0.3%), followed by body fluids (12.4%), ear swabs (0.8%), FNAC (4.2%), PEDIA (3.5%), pleural fluid (4%), pus (0.8), pus aspirate (0.8), semen (28), sputum (0.8), urine (45.2%), vag (0.8%) and wound (2%). The sensitivity rates of the various antibiotics are as follows: ampicillin (16%), amoxicillin (39%), amikacin (86.3%), chiloroamhenicol (78.6%), cotrimoxazole (49.6%), cephoxitin/oxac (18.3%), ciprofloxacin (52.6%), eryhromycin (55.3%), gentamicin (70.6%), penicillin (5.3%), clindamycin (56.3%), rifampicin (38.4%), linezolid (41%), teicoplanin (46.3%) and vancomycin (48.6%). A total of 146 samples showed multi-resistance to antimicrobial antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus isolates in this study showed higher multi-drug resistance patterns to several antimicrobials and thus further studies should be conducted in the hospital.
Transformation of Indian Power Transmission System
Authors: Singh Himanshu , Kumari Naresh
Published: February 2023

India is standing on threshold of becoming a superpower by the year 2030. A conclusive growth of a country takes into account all the major sectors involved in running its economy every day. One of the most important sector out of these is ‘Power Sector’. All the three parts of power sector i.e. Generation, Transmission and distribution have gone a rapid transformation since independence and development of all the three sub-sectors is important to ensure overall growth of Indian power sector. Since the day government has introduced open access in power sector which has been termed as giant leap for our country’s power sector, there has been a tremendous response from both sides (consumers as well as producers). After the creation of PGCIL in 1989 the growth of transmission has been manifold since the operations have been handed over by NTPC to PGCIL. It is notable to mention the achievement of PGCIL in transmission Sub-sector which has pioneered in this field and is running its operation in 10+ countries besides its pan-India operation, this alone is enough to prove the fast transformation Power sector has seen in recent years.
Better Error Estimation for the mixed Szász Baskakov type operators
Authors: Sharma Honey , Maurya Ramapati , Gupta Cheena
Published: February 2023

This paper introduced a generalization of mixed summation integral type operators with Szász and Baskakov Basis, so-called Szász Baskakov operator. Then the moment estimates of these operators have been obtained and the uniform convergence has been established. Further, the quantitative approximation and local approximation behavior of the operators has been studied using modulus of continuity and Lipschitz class function. Then, it has been proved that the rate of convergence of the proposed operators is better than their primitives. In the last section, r−th order generalization of modified operators has been introduced and their rate of convergence has been estimated.
Review of Bidirectional DC-DC Converters
Authors: Ahamed M.Ejas , Senthilkumar S
Published: February 2023

There is a growing importance in bidirectional dc-dc converters for interface battery with energy source. This paper provides a comprehensive review of non-isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter topologies. The classification and explanation of each type of converter is based on the features and applications. This review paper is intended as a convenient reference to future bidirectional dc-dc converter users. The most promising converters in terms of their simplicity, flexibility, and high efficiency are singled out.
Laser Direct Metal Deposition (LDMD) – an Overview
Authors: Verma Vaibhav , Mandal Adhirath , Shukla Ashish
Published: February 2023

Laser Direct Metal deposition (LDMD) is an additive manufacturing process, it is used to manufacture complex 3D objects directly from CAD files. Laser creates melt region on surface of substrate and powder material blown on to the laser-induced melt pool to form a layer. After a layer deposition, nozzle and laser assembly raised vertically upward by calculated small increment. Next layer is built on previous one, thus a 3D part is built layer by layer. Different FEA Tools were used like COMSOL, ANSYS, ABAQUS etc, and finite element models are developed to numerically simulate heat transfer and coupled thermal phenomena to analyze the influence of various parameters on thermal history. Thermal cycles experienced at different locations and thermal gradient at mutually perpendicular directions are studied. Influence of thermal loading on the model’s distortion is analyzed. LDMD process finds potential application in rapid tooling, prototyping, precision repair work, and manufacture of complex, intricate components with varying compositions, work on challenging materials like Titanium alloys, superalloys etc. Applications are repair of moulds, dyes, motor, gear component etc, work on challenging material(Titanium alloys, superalloys), fabrication of dissimilar metals and so on.
Brain Wave Frequency Measurement in Gamma Wave Range for Accurate and Early Detection of Depression
Authors: Malik Jayita , Dahiya Meenakshi , Kumari Naresh
Published: February 2023

The Global System of Mobile Communication (GSM) which debuted in Nigeria in August 2001 was greeted with much celebration as the country finally joined the League of the GSM nations, though after less economically buoyant African countries such as Botswana, Mozambique, Uganda and Tanzania. Fourteen years after the introduction, Issues and challenges has been raised on why subscribers are been ripped of their money and short changed with epileptic services. This arises from the myriad of problems ranging from congestion to the poor network delivery. This paper discusses the evolution of GSM services in Nigeria, the range of services available and the issues involved in its operation in the last fourteen years. Not forgetting the benefit it has brought to the Nigerian economy. Suggestions are also made on how Nigeria can reap more benefits of the GSM communication.
Role of Sales Consultants in Car Showrooms being the backbone of the Car Industry in India
Authors: Gregory Paul , V. Krishna Kanna
Published: February 2023

Selling a car in the Indian market is not a piece of cake. Every customer is unique and their expectations are unique, such that it is the duty of the seller to convince every customer, such that they would achieve satisfaction at both ends. India is a market of many brands, right from the middle-class people’s favorite Maruti Suzuki to luxury vehicles such as Audi, BMW and many more. Selling a car is not just with the technical part, satisfying the customer not just with the aspects of vehicle, it is also with the behavior of the seller and his approach towards the customers. In this article, certain aspects of sale of cars have been discussed in both the customers end and also in the seller’s end. This article will throws light on the non-technical sales aspects.
Review on direct transesterification method using recent technologies
Authors: Singh Amrik , Pal Amit , Kau Harpreet
Published: February 2023

Nowadays the research is focused on microalgae oil for biodiesel production because of high yield as compared to vegetable plant oil and it fixes carbon dioxide from atmosphere. It is a third-generation biofuel that can easily replace diesel which will deplete in couple of decades and can be used in diesel engine without any modification simultaneously cutting down the engine emissions. The biodiesel production from microalgae is a complex process which includes harvesting, drying, cell disruption, lipid extraction and biodiesel production. However, using direct in-situ transesterification these steps are reduced, and biodiesel production get simplified. Here in this wet algal biomass directly transesterified using alcohol, catalyst and solvents thus eliminating the drying and oil extraction process. This paper reviews the different methods used for direct transesterification in order to reduce the cost of production and increase the biodiesel yield. For cell different techniques are studied and analyzed the best technique from literature review.
Thermal Energy Harvesting using BaTiO3 Based Ferroelectric Ceramics: A Review
Authors: Singh Shatrughan , Yadav Ashok Kumar , Singh Bhim
Published: February 2023

Ferroelectric oxide ceramics are used in a very broad range of functional ceramics and form the materials base for the majority of electronic applications like sensors, actuators, buzzers, medical ultrasonic transducers, etc. These materials have excellent piezoelectric properties, pyroelectric properties, figure of merits (FOMs) and good temperature stability. In this context, efficient conversion of heat energy into electric signal is of great importance. Pyroelectric materials have been extensively explored for such kind of energy harvesting applications. These materials generate electrical current on the expense of input thermal energy. This property of these materials propounds ample possibilities for harnessing energy from the thermal by-products of many ferroelectric materials are also promising for efficient energy storage capacity (ESD).This study explore the knowledge about the energy storage density and thermal energy harvesting potential for Sn doped BaTiO3 based ferroelectric material. Therefore, we can get the maximum energy storage density and maximum energy harvesting density materials.
Roles of Top Management and Customer Orientation in Enhancing The Performance of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Hotel Industry
Authors: alshourah Sultan , Alassaf Hamza , Altawalbeh Manal
Published: February 2023

The last decade has seen the emergence of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) as a technique to underpin organizational performance improvement in improving customer retention, customer satisfaction and customer value. However, despite many studies conducted on customer relationship management in various industries in the past 20 years, there is still significant disagreement about its definition and meaning, and the framework for the effective implementation and evaluation of customer relationship management practice. Moreover, there is a lack of systematic empirical evidence regarding the success factors for the CRM performance. Objective: To address these issues, this study examines the influence of top management and customer orientation on CRM performance. Results: In this quantitative study, a total of 133 Jordanian hotels participated in this study by voluntarily completing the survey questionnaire, constituting an overall 66% response rate. From the analysis undertaken, it was found that Top Management significantly influence CRM performance But. this research found insignificant relationship between customer orientation and CRM performance Conclusion: The results suggest that hotels should have processes to maintain, analyze, and integrate customer information. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
Preservative Effect of Proteolytic Enzymes on Cane Molasses Storage
Authors: Arya J. S. , Pathak D. P. , Gupta T. , Madan M.
Published: February 2023

Molasses is an intermediate product obtained during sugar process. Usually, it has more than 850 Brix i.e. only 15% moisture. It contains more than 45% fermentable sugars. Basis composition, it is impossible to microorganism which could survive in this environment for too long. But microorganisms like Lactobacillus spp. and Gram –ve Coccobacilli possibly Pseudomonas spp. are able to survive in this medium and deteriorate the molasses. Therefore molasses preservation requires specific solutions which can stop deterioration and maintain total reducing sugar (TRS) value in molasses to produce alcohol. Therefore, two groups of proteolytic enzymes were developed which prevents the deterioration of molasses by preventing the microbial growth at 20ppm but also preserve the 3 – 5% of TRS content during storage of molasses up to six months or till application continued.
Milk Pump: Types, Construction, Maintenance and Use
Authors: Baldha Kinjal , Parmar Ankur , Chauhan I. A. , Khant Ketan
Published: February 2023

A simple portable piece of equipment applied for transferring raw milk, process milk or any other fluids to process plant. Pumps are used in a wide range of industrial and residential applications. In our Dairy Industry, pumps have various applications. Dairies utilise milk pumps for the transport of milk or cream. Also in the production of yoghurt or ice cream, milk pumps are integrated into the production process. Centrifugal, liquid-ring and positive displacement pumps are significantly used in dairy industry. Now a day’s pump having unique impeller design that gives high performance efficient pumping with the range of speed and having number of advantages related to reduced cost level as well as noise and give gentle conveying of milk.
Sustainable Supplier Selection for New Product Development: A Multi-Objective Framework
Authors: Sinha Amit Kumar , Anand Ankush
Published: February 2023

Availability of emerging technology, globalization scenario, use of information and communication technology (ICT), and decreasing transportation cost (logistic optimal fleet selection) are responsible for rapid variation in product demand and these demands can be handled by using the concept of new product development (NPD) under sustainable supply chain (SSC) environment. In today’s manufacturing environment, it is a challenging task for practitioners and researchers, how to handle new product development (NPD) in a sustainable supply chain environment. In general, economical, social, and environmental are three aspects of sustainability. Individual aspect of SSC issues for NPD has been found in the literature but integration of all the three aspects for NPD is an emerging topic. Therefore, in this paper, we tried to provide a holistic approach for integrating SSC concerns with NPD.
Applicability of Optimization Principles for Valve Sourcing and Expediting –The Indian Valve Sourcing and Expediting Series
Authors: F. Paul Gregory , S. Swathini
Published: February 2023

Sourcing involves alot of transportation activities and it is the role of the sourcing office to minimize the transportation cost. With such an objective, it is the necessity of the hour to compare and optimize the transportation costs from various sources to destinations. Optimization is a vast technique, which when applied diligently will have very serious benefits such as quality improvement and efficiency improvement in any process. By converting the real time transportation case into a Linear Programming problem of optimization, costs can be tremendously brought down. This article has discussed about the various techniques to minimize the transportation costs. Major methods such as North-West Corner Method, Least Cost Entry method, MODI method have been discussed. The sourcing office teams often use Microsoft Excel for their day-to-day sourcing activities. Hence an algorithm to apply these techniques with the aid of Microsoft Excel will be released in the upcoming episodes of the series.