bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Random Gap Detection and Hearing in Noise Test Performances
Authors: Heeke Paige , Vermiglio Andrew J. , Bulla Emery , Velappan Keerthana , Fang Xiangming
Published: September 2018

Background:Temporal acoustic cues are particularly important for speech understanding, and past research has inferred a relationship between temporal resolution and speech recognition in noise ability. A temporal resolution disorder is thought to affect speech understanding abilities
because persons would not be able to accurately encode these frequency transitions, creating speech discrimination errors even in the presence of normal pure-tone hearing.Purpose:The primary purpose was to investigate the relationship between temporal resolution as measured by the Random
Gap Detection Test (RGDT) and speech recognition in noise performance as measured by the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) in adults with normal audiometric thresholds. The second purpose was to examine the relationship between temporal resolution and spatial release from masking.Research Design:The
HINT and RGDT protocols were administered under headphones according to the guidelines specified by the developers. The HINT uses an adaptive protocol to determine the signal-to-noise ratio where the participant recognizes 50% of the sentences. For HINT conditions, the target sentences were
presented at 0° and the steady-state speech-shaped noise and a four-talker babble (4TB) was presented at 0°, +90°, or −90° for noise front, noise right, and noise left conditions, respectively. The RGDT is used to evaluate temporal resolution by determining the smallest
time interval between two matching stimuli that can be detected by the participant. The RGDT threshold is the shortest time interval where the participant detects a gap. Tonal (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) and click stimuli random gap subtests were presented at 60 dB HL. Tonal subtests were presented
in a random order to minimize presentation order effects.Study Sample:Twenty-one young, native English-speaking participants with normal pure-tone thresholds (≤25 dB HL for 500‐4000 Hz) participated in this study. The average age of the participants was 20.2 years (SD = 0.66).Data
Collection and Analysis:Spearman rho correlation coefficients were conducted using SPSS 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) to determine the relationships between HINT and RGDT thresholds and derived measures (spatial advantage and composite scores). Nonparametric testing was used because of the
ordinal nature of RGDT data.Results:Moderate negative correlations (p < 0.05) were found between eight RGDT and HINT threshold measures and a moderate positive correlation (p < 0.05) was found between RGDT click thresholds and HINT 4TB spatial advantage. This suggests
that as temporal resolution abilities worsened, speech recognition in noise performance improved. These correlations were not statistically significant after the p value reflected the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.Conclusion:The results of the present study imply
that the RGDT and HINT use different temporal processes. Performance on the RGDT cannot be predicted from HINT thresholds or vice versa.
A Fallback Accretion Model for the Unusual Type II-P Supernova iPTF14hls
Authors: Wang L. J. , Wang X. F. , Wang S. Q. , Dai Z. G. , Liu L. D. , Song L. M. , Rui L. M. , Cano Z. , Li B.
Published: September 2018

The Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory reported the discovery of an unusual type II-P supernova iPTF14hls. Instead of an ∼100 day plateau as observed for ordinary type II-P supernovae, the light curve of iPTF14hls has at least five distinct peaks, followed by a steep decline at ∼1000 days since discovery. Until 500 days since discovery, the effective temperature of iPTF14hls is roughly constant at 5000–6000 K. In this paper, we propose that iPTF14hls is likely powered by intermittent fallback accretion. It is found that the light curve of iPTF14hls can be well fit by the usual t
−5/3 accretion law until ∼1000 days post discovery when the light curve transitions to a steep decline. To account for this steep decline, we suggest a power-law density profile for the late accreted material, rather than the constant profile as appropriated for the t
−5/3 accretion law. Detailed modeling indicates that the total fallback mass is ∼0.2 M
⊙, with an ejecta mass M
ej ≃ 21 M
⊙. We find the third peak of the light curve cannot be well fit by the fallback model, indicating that there could be some extra rapid energy injection. We suggest that this extra energy injection may be a result of a magnetic outburst if the central object is a neutron star. These results indicate that the progenitor of iPTF14hls could be a massive red supergiant.
Measuring Radial Orbit Migration in the Galactic Disk
Authors: Frankel Neige , Rix Hans-Walter , Ting 丁 Yuan-Sen 源森 , Ness Melissa , Hogg David W.
Published: September 2018

We develop and apply a model to quantify the global efficiency of radial orbit migration among stars in the Milky Way disk. This model parameterizes the possible star formation and enrichment histories and radial birth profiles, and combines them with a migration model that relates present-day orbital radii to birth radii through a Gaussian probability, broadening with age τ as

. Guided by observations, we assume that stars are born with an initially tight age–metallicity relation at given radius, which becomes subsequently scrambled by radial orbit migration, thereby providing a direct observational constraint on radial orbit migration strength

. We fit this model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling of the observed age–metallicity distribution of low-α red clump stars with Galactocentric radii between 5 and 14 kpc from APOGEE DR12, sidestepping the complex spatial selection function and accounting for the considerable age uncertainties. This simple model reproduces the observed data well, and we find a global (in radius and time) radial orbit migration efficiency in the Milky Way of

 = 3.6 ± 0.1 kpc when marginalizing over all other aspects of the model. This shows that radial orbit migration in the Milky Way’s main disk is indeed rather strong, in line with theoretical expectations: stars migrate by about a half-mass radius over the age of the disk. The model finds the Sun’s birth radius at ∼5.2 kpc. If such strong radial orbit migration is typical, this mechanism indeed plays an important role in setting the structural regularity of disk galaxies.
Implications of a Loop-top Origin for Microwave, Hard X-Ray, and Low-energy Gamma-Ray Emission from Behind-the-limb Flares
Authors: Petrosian Vahé
Published: September 2018

Fermi has detected hard X-ray (HXR) and gamma-ray photons from three flares, which according to STEREO occurred in active regions behind the limb of the Sun as delineated by near-Earth instruments. For two of these flares, RHESSI has provided HXR images with sources located just above the limb, presumably from the loop-top (LT) region of a relatively large loop. Fermi-GBM has detected HXRs and gamma-rays, and the Radio Solar Telescope Network has detected microwave emissions with similar light curves. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of these multiwavelength observations assuming that HXRs and microwaves are produced by electrons accelerated at the LT source, with emphasis on the importance of the proper treatment of particle escape from the acceleration-source region and the transrelativistic nature of the analysis. The observed spectra are used to determine the magnetic field and relativistic electron spectra. It is found that a simple power law in momentum (with a cutoff above a few 100 MeV) agrees with all observations, but in energy space, a broken power-law spectrum (steepening at ∼mc
2) may be required. It is also shown that the production of the >100 MeV photons detected by Fermi-LAT at the LT source would require more energy than photospheric emission. These energies are lower than that required for electrons, so that the possibility that all the emissions originate in the LT cannot be ruled out on energetic grounds. However, the differences in the light curves and emission centroids of HXRs and >100 MeV gamma-rays favor a different source for the latter.
An Updated Catalog of Giant Radio Sources
Authors: Kuźmicz Agnieszka , Jamrozy Marek , Bronarska Katarzyna , Janda-Boczar Katarzyna , Saikia D. J.
Published: September 2018

We present a catalog of 349 giant radio sources (GRSs including both galaxies and quasars). The database contains all giants known to date from the literature. These GRSs cover the redshift range of 0.016 < z < 3.22 and include radio sources of projected linear sizes larger than 0.7 Mpc, which extend up to 4.7 Mpc. We provide the principal parameters (i.e., exact position of the host in the sky, redshift, angular and projected linear size, red optical magnitude, radio morphology type, total radio flux density, and luminosity) for all the sources, as well as characteristics of the sample. Based on the distribution of GRSs in the sky, we identify regions where there is a paucity of giants, so that future surveys for this type of objects could concentrate primarily in these fields. From the analysis presented here, we estimate a lower limit for the expected number of GRSs as about 2000, for the resolution and sensitivity limits of FIRST, NRAO VLA Sky Survey and Sloan Digital Sky Survey surveys. Compared with earlier compilations, there is a significant increase in the number of large giants with sizes >2 Mpc, as well as those at high redshifts with z > 1. We discuss aspects of their evolution and suggest that these are consistent with evolutionary models.
A review of the family Trichopolydesmidae in North Africa with a description of a new species from Tunisia
Authors: Akkari Nesrine , Mauriès Jean-Paul
Published: September 2018

A new species of the genusHaplocookiaBrölemann, 1915 is described from Cap Bon Peninsula in Tunisia (North Africa) and a historical account of the poorly understood generaHaplocookiaandHeterocookiaSilvestri, 1898 is provided. Comments on the taxonomy of the family Trichopolydesmidae are presented, as well as an identification key to the trichopolydesmid species hitherto known from North Africa and an updated list of the Polydesmida in the region.
Sociologie de l’enfance et sociologie de l’éducation : va-et-vient
Authors: Sirota Régine
Published: September 2018

Éducation et Sociétés a toujours alterné des dossiers qui revisitent des problématiques classiques et des dossiers sur des questions émergentes. Les numéros deux et trois ont été consacrés à la sociologie de l’enfance. Ce thème s’inscrivait dans les objectifs de la revue qui souhaitait distinguer socialisation et scolarisation. Ce domaine s’est depuis beaucoup développé et a pris son autonomie. Un entretien avec Régine Sirota, qui avait coordonné ce dossier, permet aujourd’hui de retracer ce cheminement : affirmation de problématiques scientifiques, constitution d’une légitimité dans le milieu universitaire, reconnaissance d’une expertise dans le domaine politique. Pour faire apparaître les spécificités de ce questionnement, il était nécessaire de mettre alors provisoirement entre parenthèses les rapports de classe. Ce débat réapparaît aujourd’hui dans les perspectives d’intersectionnalité qui étudient la manière dont les personnes construisent leur identité dans un cadre qui juxtapose les inégalités sociales classiques et les discriminations liées aux origines ethniques, aux traditions culturelles et religieuses.
Les relations entre l’emploi salarié et les interruptions d’études à l’université
Authors: Béduwé Catherine , Berthaud Julien , Giret Jean-François , Solaux Georges
Published: September 2018

L’activité salariée en cours d’études apparaît parfois comme un facteur explicatif de l’abandon des études universitaires. L’analyse de la littérature scientifique sur le sujet est ici confrontée aux analyses quantitatives et qualitatives menées à partir de données longitudinales issues de l’enquête Conditions de vie 2013 et d’une postenquête réalisée un an plus tard. Cette comparaison permet d’appréhender les évolutions dans le recours à l’activité salariée en parallèle des études et ses conséquences sur la poursuite d’études, tout en soulignant la complexité des trajectoires étudiantes.
Les classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles : comment concilier compétitivité internationale et proximité démocratique ?
Authors: Dutercq Yves , Masy James
Published: September 2018

Les classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles et leurs conditions d’accès constituent un objet de recherche interrogeant directement le principe méritocratique du système français d’éducation et de formation. Or, malgré une série de réformes visant à soutenir leur développement sur l’ensemble du territoire français et à élargir socialement leur recrutement, leur démocratisation reste limitée. Elle se heurte en effet à un ensemble de freins : disparité territoriale de l’offre, défaut d’information et d’aspiration, manque de volontarisme politique. Ces réformes, naviguant entre raison et justice conduisent à une segmentation de plus en plus marquée entre CPGE d’excellence, à vocation internationale et réseau long, et CPGE de proximité, à vocation locale et réseau court.
Les figures de la déviance à l’école : les “élèves perturbateurs” comme analyseur de la transformation des milieux éducatifs et scolaires
Authors: Moignard Benjamin , Rubi Stéphanie
Published: September 2018

Les élèves perturbateurs incarnent une nouvelle figure de la déviance à l’école qui interroge certains marqueurs de la transformation du système éducatif. La diversification des publics, de l’offre scolaire et des fonctions sociales de l’école ont entraîné une remise en cause de sa capacité à accueillir tous les élèves, que l’émergence et le traitement de la figure de l’élève perturbateur peuvent illustrer. L’objet est ici de mettre en perspective cette requalification de la déviance à l’école, qui ne renvoie plus seulement à des registres scolaires ou curriculaires, mais d’abord à la difficile dilution de la question sociale dans la question scolaire. L’élève perturbateur se définit par un comportement, une confrontation ou une opposition à l’ordre scolaire ordinaire, assigné à des caractéristiques sociales, sexuées, racialisées parfois, qui n’ont pas grand-chose à voir avec un statut d’élève. Les processus et procédures de prise en charge témoignent de l’ampleur des transformations des milieux scolaires et éducatifs. Ces plans et programmes, devenus protocoles et dispositifs, la pluralité d’acteurs intervenants qui en dessinent les contenus et les cibles reflètent la prégnance de paradigmes, parfois contradictoires, pour (re)définir et délimiter autant ce qui fait désordre que celles et ceux qui posent problème.
Note de conjoncture. Autonomie des établissements et justice en éducation : le débat intellectuel et politique sur l’autonomie des établissements scolaires
Authors: Frajerman Laurent
Published: September 2018

L’autonomie des établissements longtemps au centre des débats a porté de grands espoirs : elle devait permettre une adaptation de l’enseignement aux conditions locales qui rendent plus concrètes les promesses d’égalité. Elle connaît aujourd’hui un incontestable reflux et même une situation paradoxale : les orientations internationales continuent à préconiser la diversification de l’offre d’éducation et l’autonomie locale, mais les administrations centrales s’appuient sur les risques de dérive marchande ou communautariste pour développer des systèmes d’encadrement de plus en plus contraignants. Cet état des lieux est présenté sous deux formes. Une note de conjoncture sur l’actualité de la recherche qui ne permet pas d’établir un lien entre l’autonomie des établissements et la réduction des inégalités. Un entretien avec deux des principaux responsables syndicaux français : Frédérique Rollet est secrétaire générale du principal syndicat enseignant et Philippe Tournier représente le principal syndicat des personnels d’encadrement (chefs d’établissement, inspecteurs...). Tous deux approchent avec prudence la notion d’autonomie et restent attachés à une gouvernance d’État, mais convergent sur le principe de responsabilité : dans le cadre défini par les principes nationaux, les établissements constituent des lieux où la confrontation de l’expérience des acteurs peut contribuer à la construction d’une intelligence collective.
Pour le bien de l’élève. La production du consentement parental dans l’entretien enseignants-parents en milieu défavorisé
Authors: Deshayes Fabien , Payet Jean-Paul , Pelhate Julie , Rufin Diane
Published: September 2018

Dans le système scolaire genevois, le traitement des difficultés scolaires se caractérise par sa progressivité et un repérage précoce. Il implique régulièrement l’externalisation des solutions vers des dispositifs médico-psychopédagogiques. En milieu défavorisé, ce recours est d’autant plus fréquent que beaucoup de familles sont jugées incapables de participer à l’amélioration des résultats de l’enfant. Dès lors, le rôle des enseignants consiste à convaincre les parents des problèmes de leur enfant et à leur faire accepter leurs constats et les solutions institutionnelles proposées, au nom de l’intérêt de l’élève. À partir de l’observation d’un grand nombre d’entretiens parents-enseignantes dans des environnements défavorisés (n = 150), l’article montre que ce dispositif, présenté publiquement comme un lieu de coopération entre l’école et les familles, s’avère aussi être un espace de production du consentement parental.
Genèse et essor de la culture de l’information au sein du système éducatif français. Vingt ans après, où en est-on ?
Authors: Liquète Vincent
Published: September 2018

Avec l’essor de la société de l’information, de nombreux chercheurs dans et hors l’espace francophone ont posé la question de la mise en œuvre de politiques de formation à l’information et de la mise en place d’une culture de l’information au moins dans le second degré. Qu’en est-il une vingtaine d’années plus tard au-delà des intentions de départ ? Quelles conceptions de la culture et de l’information ont-elles été privilégiées par le système éducatif français ? Sur quelles appréhensions des apprentissages, des savoirs et des activités, la culture de l’information s’est-elle construite dans les environnements technologiques et numériques émergents ? Le propos s’appuie notamment sur une recherche soutenue par l’ANR française sur l’analyse des translittératies informationnelles.
Time-Conscious Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention for Students, Nurses, and Nurse Leaders
Authors: Mitchell Ann M. , Finnell Deborah S. , Kane Irene , Halge Holly , Puskar Kathryn , Savage Christine L.
Published: September 2018

Alcohol is the third leading cause of death and a preventable risk factor contributing to more than 200 diseases and conditions. Unquestionably, health care practitioners should routinely screen and give patients brief feedback on alcohol consumption related to health outcomes; however, they rarely ask patients about alcohol use. Alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI), a public health model of prevention and identification of at-risk alcohol use, has not been widely disseminated. The nursing profession, the largest and most trusted sector of the health care workforce, is perfectly poised to close this gap. This article describes the development of a two-university, grant-funded collaborative online educational program with unique and time-conscious simulation and testing components to increase the knowledge and skills of nurses. The goal of the program is to promote alcohol SBI as a standard of practice in all settings.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(10):467–473.
A Cross-Sectional Survey of British Newly Graduated Nurses' Experience of Organization Empowerment and of Challenging Unsafe Practices
Authors: Mansour Mansour , Mattukoyya Roslyn
Published: September 2018

Background:

Newly graduated nurses perceive the transition into their new professional role as highly stressful, which may affect their organizational empowerment and assertive communication skills. This study examined newly graduated nurses' perceived level of organizational empowerment, as well as their perceived assertive communication skills, in given hypothetical scenarios.

Method:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 84 newly graduated nurses in four hospitals in eastern England. The study took place between 2015 to 2016.

Results:

Fifty-one nurses completed the survey, for a 61% response rate. The participants reported a moderate level of organizational empowerment but a high level of perceived assertive communication skills. A statistically significant correlation was found between the participants' total empowerment average score and their average score on the given hypothetical speaking up scenarios.

Conclusion:

The findings underscore the importance of empowering newly graduated nurses in their work settings and its association with consolidating their assertive communication behavior.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(10):474–481.
Feuilleton bioéthique de l’été : le bilan des réflexions citoyennes
Authors: Bourdaire-Mignot Camille , Gründler Tatiana
Published: September 2018

États généraux de la bioéthique (rapport de synthèse du Comité consultatif national d’éthique) : billet conclusif
Digital Marketing and Service Industry
Authors: Domazet Ivana S. , Neogradi Sladjana
Published: September 2018

The aim of this chapter is to investigate the impact of the implementation of digital sales channels on improving the bank's business performance (i.e., improving the market position of the bank). The authors look at different types of sales channels and their contribution to increasing the number of clients in the bank, and in particular, they focus on the advantages of the Viber Platform in reaching more clients. A survey on digitalization of the banking sector was conducted, that is, on the integration of digital communications and sales channels, that bringins with it new elements and possibilities for expanding the portfolio of bank services, and thus new opportunities for increasing profits. Based on the results of the survey, it was concluded that banks use digital communications to improve and make more effective and effictient communication with clients, while trying to bring them closer to the offer. With this approach, banks will achieve greater satisfaction and consequently a greater loyalty of their clients.
Value-Added Crowdsourcing
Authors: Steils Nadia , Hanine Salwa
Published: September 2018

This chapter investigates the role of digital tools in the value co-creation process of creative contests. Based on a multidisciplinary literature and a discourse analysis of existing creative and innovation contests, the authors identify four categories of tools that affect the value co-creation process: proactive and reactive, trial-and-error, and social learning tools. A synthesizing framework presents how the integration of these tools is beneficial to the exchange of resources between the different stakeholders of creative crowdsourcing. The authors further identify practical tools (i.e., instructive and promoting, creativity supporting, collaborative, and evaluating tools), which intervene in the three phases of crowdsourcing activities (i.e., before, during, and after).
Affordances of a Cyclical and Content-Specific Model of Collaborative Mentoring
Authors: Dani Danielle E. , Hallman-Thrasher Allyson , Harrison Lisa M. , Diki Kristin , Felton-Koestler Mathew , Kopish Michael , Dunham Jodi , Harvey Loretta W.
Published: September 2018

One of the challenges of field-based teacher education is the perennial divide between university courses and field experiences. Collaborative mentoring is proposed as an approach to bridge this divide. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the affordances that a content-specific model of collaborative mentoring provides for achieving greater coherence within teacher education programs and nurturing stronger systems of partnerships between universities and schools. The chapter reports on research examining the benefits and challenges reported by teacher candidates, mentor teachers, and clinical educators who participated in the model.
Becoming Literacy Educators
Authors: Braden Eliza G. , Compton-Lilly Cathy , Myers Michele , White Beth Lucas
Published: September 2018

Teachers with generative theories about teaching view themselves as capable and agential. They routinely engage in self-introspection as a means to dismantle problematic beliefs and biases. Generative teacher education is best developed in classrooms through embedded work with children. To explore generative teacher education, this chapter describes how one program sets the stage for the development of cultural competence through an initial course focused on culturally sustaining pedagogy. The authors then describe the significance of helping literacy teachers to notice and name children's emerging literacy abilities. The chapter ends with scenarios that illustrate the synergy that occurs when cultural competence is combined with embedded field experiences in literacy classrooms. The authors discuss both pedagogical possibilities and the importance of developing noticing practices and agential responses that are culturally and linguistically responsive.
Beyond Urban or Rural
Authors: Vernikoff Laura , Schram Tom , Reagan Emilie Mitescu , Horn Colleen , Goodwin A. Lin , Couse Leslie J.
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, the authors describe two residency programs, an established urban teacher residency program, and a newly developed rural teacher residency program, and explain how the programs have expanded notions of field experiences to prepare teachers for specific schools, districts, and communities. The authors explore commonalities and connections across the programs, particularly in how each program conceptualizes the role of place in teacher education. In addition, this chapter considers differences in how each program enacts their theories of place in order to prepare teachers to learn from, with, and about the particular places they will teach within.
A National Effort to Integrate Field Experiences Into Secondary Mathematics Methods Courses
Authors: Yow Jan A. , Waller Patrice , Edwards Belinda
Published: September 2018

This chapter shares the experience and preliminary findings from a national collaboration to improve secondary mathematics teacher preparation programs in the United States. Specifically, the chapter focuses on a research group tasked with strengthening field experiences into methods courses. Two modules are shared that a group of methods instructors have developed and are implementing in their courses. Findings from the first module are explained with implications for continued module development. These findings show the impact of the module on mentor teachers as well as the benefit the module has demonstrated in relation to the preservice teacher-mentor teacher relationship. Challenges and lessons learned from this national effort are also included.
Collaborative Environments Based on Digital Learning Ecosystem Approach to Reduce the Digital Divide
Authors: Mendoza José Eder Guzmán , Arteaga Jaime Muñoz , Broisin Julien
Published: September 2018

The differences in term of access and ICT skills between different groups in society have created a problem of digital divide. To overcome this problem, models and strategies are required to achieve a greater impact on the population, and that population can develop skills that enhance inclusion in the society of knowledge. This chapter proposes the design of a collaborative environment based on digital literacy ecosystem approach that aims to set a new educational paradigm approach to encourage different learning communities to use new ICT that allow them to be more competitive in today's world and thus improve the digital divide problem.
Facilitating Inclusive Teaching and Learning Spaces Through Digital Education Technology
Authors: Makoelle Tsediso Michael Michael , Somerton Michelle Irene
Published: September 2018

As more universities move towards a distance mode of teaching and learning, there are increasing opportunities to enroll students from a greater diversity of backgrounds. Often students have commitments that include family responsibilities and/or professional career engagements that make it difficult to physically attend classes. This chapter accounts for how digital technologies have been instrumental in supporting learning for postgraduate students in a Kazakhstani university school context. The authors present a qualitative account of research framed around Bourdieu's notion of habitus, where data was collected through unstructured interviews with purposefully selected faculty members and postgraduate students in one of the blended teaching and learning courses.
Organizational Knowledge Sharing and Enterprise Social Networks
Authors: Corcoran Niall , Duane Aidan
Published: September 2018

Knowledge is a vital strategic asset for organizations but is surprisingly not well managed in public higher education institutions, with a number of negative effects. These organizations are highly bureaucratic in nature, with consequential structural and cultural characteristics that tend to inhibit staff communication, collaboration, and knowledge sharing. A new wave of social-media-driven knowledge-management techniques may have a transformational effect on these institutions, potentially leading to increased intellectual capital and competitive advantage in ever-expanding, global marketplaces. Enterprise social networks and virtual communities of practice are at the heart of this new type of knowledge sharing environment and provide a significant opportunity for higher education institutions to significantly change the way that staff interact and communicate with each other, generating a number of individual and organizational benefits.
Managing the Presence and Digital Identity of the Researchers in a Distance Learning Community
Authors: Oliveira Nuno Ricardo , Morgado Lina
Published: September 2018

This chapter is intended to understand the importance of the presence of junior researchers on the social web in establishing contacts with other researchers or specialists. Being present on the social web allows young researchers to create and manage their own digital identity. This study focused on a community of junior researchers from a Portuguese University where the members of the community were asked to answer a questionnaire with the data they used when they registered as researchers. During data analysis, it was observed that this group of researchers coincide with what most of the literature proposes, though deviating in some points from the generality. Yet, researchers give great importance to the development of their digital skills to strengthen their online presence and which gives them credibility and recognition in the scientific community and as open researchers.
A Framework for Self-Regulated Project-Based Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Zarouk Mohamed Yassine , Restivo Francisco , Khaldi Mohamed
Published: September 2018

The 21st century requires the acquisition of new skills to keep pace with the drastic and continuous changing technology in our lives. Hence, this transforming causes a gap between the skills people learn and the skills people need. Consequently, today's labor force hiring candidates must be able to collaborate, communicate, and solve problems. For this propose, this chapter presents a framework for the self-regulation of project-based learning suitable for a student-centered learning environments in higher education. The framework is defined by a set of general requirements, based on a theoretical model, whereby strategies, practices, principles, tools, and actors are defined for conducting the project's processes, and it is instrumental according to a series of cyclical and reciprocal activities as well as a functional architecture. The integrated framework guides and helps learners to effectively benefit from the emergence of some educational digital tools and strategies such as gamification, portfolio, learning analytics, and digital mind mapping.
Institutional Entrepreneurship, Trust, and Regulatory Capture in the Digital Economy
Authors: Mundula Luigi , Auci Sabrina
Published: September 2018

In regard to the problem of the new markets' opening and their regulation, some scholars have introduced the concept of “institutional entrepreneur” in economic literature. This new definition of entrepreneur is important to highlight, albeit in informal and descriptive terms, the existence of functional relationships between activities typical of private market competition and those more specifically, of the public sector. Even if this new economic character can provide an interesting key to understanding what can really happen in the narrow zone that separates the public and private markets, it does not consider some conceptual components that are not minor for the purposes of complete characterization. For example, those of reciprocity, trust and capture that put the actions of the entrepreneur in a continuum defined by more or less virtuous (or legal) behaviors. From this point of view this chapter examines these aspects within the digital economic framework.
Wine and Glocal Gastronomy in Mexico
Authors: Díaz Aguayo Hugo Giovanni , Jiménez Celeste Nava , Castro Marisol Martínez del Campo
Published: September 2018

Wine as part of the cuisine continues to gain ground as one of the central elements on the table of the Mexican people, although not all tables, the culture of wine represents an opportunity for glocal development. Mexican cuisine is a delight to the senses of the human being and wine is, therefore, a means to promote the gastronomic experience through the perfect combination of food and wine. The research is presented in four dimensions, the first explores the qualities of Mexican cuisine, followed by the organoleptic description of the wine and its use at the Mexican table. Later, a contribution is made to the construction of matrices of pairing promoting the glocal development of the tourist destination and the inclusion of the kitchen and its ingredients. The purpose is that in such a way that it can be concluded with certain reflections of the pairing matrices as inclusion in the tourist experience gastronomic of some tourist destinations of Mexico.
Auditory Profile of Children With Some Rare Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Jain Saransh , Narne Vijaya Kumar
Published: September 2018

Neurodevelopmental disorder is an umbrella term comprising many muscular, skeletal, metabolic, endocrinal, systemic, and immune-related diseases, which are caused due to the improper/inaccurate development of the central nervous system. Most of these disorders are highly prevalent, but some express rarely in human beings. Such disorders with least prevalence rates are known as rare neurodevelopmental disorders. The sensory system is affected in all individuals with these rare neurodevelopmental disorders, although to a varying extent. Sensory processing in terms of hearing loss is reported by many researchers in many rare neurodevelopmental disorders, but the pathophysiology of audiological findings are seldom investigated. In this chapter, the authors highlight the possible relationship between underlying cause and the resultant audiological symptoms in some of the rare neurodevelopmental disorders. Further, the research studies on the audiological profiling in such disorders are discussed.
Feeding and Swallowing Issues in Children With Neuro-Developmental Disorders
Authors: Shabnam Srushti , Ravi Sunil Kumar , Swapna N.
Published: September 2018

The chapter highlights the feeding and swallowing issues seen in children with neuro-developmental disorders, types, and extent of the problem across different disorders; its relation with the neuro-development of the child; effect on the quality of life of the parents/caregivers along with the child, specifically in the Indian context. It also focuses on the importance of assessment, team approach, and review of available tests for the assessment of feeding and swallowing problems in these children. The chapter is also going to give a few insights into the challenges faced by speech-language pathologists during the assessment of the feeding and swallowing issues in these children in the Indian scenario. The chapter will also include a section on applications of ICF model to feeding and swallowing issues in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Eye Tracker
Authors: Wadhera Tanu , Kakkar Deepti
Published: September 2018

The high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has provided a spectrum of diagnostic methodologies ranging from screening scales to technological techniques. The technology-based techniques, especially eye trackers, are shifting the traditional subjective approaches to objective, leading to early ASD screening and intervention. The eye gaze deficits marked by eye trackers are the valid biomarkers of ASD, but the trackers are not clinically available. Another reason for non-availability is the limited number of methodologies which can meaningfully analyze gaze data. The assistance of new technologies into eye tracker system explored here can (1) detect gaze patterns and cognitive abilities of individuals at the single platform and (2) analyze eye movements and events automatically using deep learning system rather than manual interpretation of raw data. These types of systems, if implemented, have the potential to assist clinicians for better ASD diagnosis and intervention approaches.
Yogic Care for Neurodevelopmental Rehabilitation
Authors: Singh Arun Pratap
Published: September 2018

Recent biological and behavioral studies indicate that several unhealthy alterations in ways of living (i.e., consumption-pattern, leisure activities, sleep routine, postures, breathing, stress-level, and use of high-tech gadgets) may be related with aggravation and augmentation of neurodevelopmental disorders. In this backdrop, it is important to recognize that yoga offers holistic knowledge for correction in lifestyle to not only prevent but also manage and alleviate neurodevelopmental disorders. Unfortunately, clinicians have been relying in their practice rather heavily on intrusive and pharmacological interventions and avoiding the use of sustainable techniques. Therefore, in order to increase awareness and promote its use in clinical settings, present work is ventured on the understanding effectiveness of and challenges in utilizing yogic practices for neurodevelopmental rehabilitation. It also identifies priorities for future research and action to amplify applicability of yogic lifestyle in hospitals, clinics, and other public health centers.
Fuzzy-Based Predictive Analytics for Early Detection of Diabetes
Authors: Kakulapati Vijayalakshmi , Vasumathi Devara , Mahender Reddy S  , Deepthi B. S. S.
Published: September 2018

Today, diabetes is the most costly and burdensome chronic disease. The severity of diabetes is reducing with anticipation, premature recognition, and the early supervision impediments in people. These symptoms are the optimization of the diagnosis phase of the disease through the process of evaluating symptomatic characteristics and daily habits of patients. Big data analytical tools play a useful task in executing significant real-time investigation on the huge volumes of data and are also used to foresee the crisis situations earlier than it occurs. This chapter accomplished an efficient assessment of the applications of machine learning algorithms and tools in the diabetes investigation relating to genetic background and environment. With improving accuracy for early detection and prevention of diabetes, this chapter implemented a fuzzy linear and logistic regression model with fuzzy clustering for predicting early detection of diabetes.
A Semi-Automatic Annotation Method of Effect Clue Words for Chinese Patents Based on Co-Training
Authors: Deng Na , Wang Chunzhi , Zhang Mingwu , Ye Zhiwei , Xiao Liang , Tian Jingbai , Li Desheng , Chen Xu
Published: September 2018

In the era of big data, the latest and most advanced technologies are usually revealed to the world in the form of patents. Patents include abundant technical, economic and legal information. A deep analysis and mining of patents can provide important support for enterprises. Patent effect annotation is an important step in patent analysis and mining, and the extraction of patent effect clue words can greatly improve the accuracy and recall rate of annotation. This article summarizes the classification and characteristics of effect clue words, and proposes a co-training-based method of extracting effect clue words from Chinese patents suitable for various fields. Through a strategy called self-filtering, this method can gradually enrich effect clue words thesaurus by iterations, not relying on any other third-party filters. The experiments give the detailed steps, comparisons and boosting of the method.
Entropy, the Information Processing Cycle, and the Forecasting of Bull and Bear Market Peaks and Troughs
Authors: Parker Edgar
Published: September 2018

Many econophysics applications have modeled financial systems as if they were pure physical systems devoid of human limitations and errors. On the other hand, traditional financial theory has ignored limits that physics would impose on human interactions, communications, and computational abilities. The entropic yield curve blends the physical and human financial worlds in a new, powerful, and surprisingly simple way. This article uses this information theoretic perspective to provide a new explanation of the dynamics and timing of financial cycles. Additionally, the entropic yield curve offers a new method of forecasting market peaks and troughs.
Hindi Text Document Classification System Using SVM and Fuzzy
Authors: Puri Shalini , Singh Satya Prakash
Published: September 2018

In recent years, many information retrieval, character recognition, and feature extraction methodologies in Devanagari and especially in Hindi have been proposed for different domain areas. Due to enormous scanned data availability and to provide an advanced improvement of existing Hindi automated systems beyond optical character recognition, a new idea of Hindi printed and handwritten document classification system using support vector machine and fuzzy logic is introduced. This first pre-processes and then classifies textual imaged documents into predefined categories. With this concept, this article depicts a feasibility study of such systems with the relevance of Hindi, a survey report of statistical measurements of Hindi keywords obtained from different sources, and the inherent challenges found in printed and handwritten documents. The technical reviews are provided and graphically represented to compare many parameters and estimate contents, forms and classifiers used in various existing techniques.
Behavioral and Physiological Responses to Computers in the Ultimatum Game
Authors: Swiderska Aleksandra , Krumhuber Eva G. , Kappas Arvid
Published: September 2018

This article describes how studies in the area of decision-making suggest clear differences in behavioral responses to humans versus computers. The current objective was to investigate decision-making in an economic game played only with computer partners. In Experiment 1, participants were engaged in the ultimatum game with computer agents and regular computers while their physiological responses were recorded. In Experiment 2, an identical setup of the game was used, but the ethnicity of the computer agents was manipulated. As expected, almost all equitable monetary splits offered by the computer were accepted. The acceptance rates gradually decreased when the splits became less fair. Although the obtained behavioral pattern implied a reaction to violation of the rule of fairness by the computer in the game, no evidence was found for participants' corresponding emotional involvement. The findings contribute to the body of research on human-computer interaction and suggest that social effects of computers can be attenuated.
The Role of Social Media in Accelerating the Process of Acculturation to the Global Consumer Culture
Authors: Dutot Vincent , Lichy Jessica
Published: September 2018

This article highlights the role of social media in the context of global consumer culture by showing consumers' perceptions regarding social influence, social networks, cultural novelty and economic rewards. If focuses on the mediating role of social media in the acculturation to the global consumer culture (AGCC). This article develops and tests a conceptual model integrating new antecedents of AGCC. Based on the 322 answers to an online survey targeting international students and consumers, smart PLS software and structural equation modelling are applied to assess the causal relationships among the constructs. The findings show that (1) social network, social influence, cultural novelty and economic rewards significantly accelerate the process of acculturation and that (2) social media plays a mediating role on social networks, cultural novelty and trust. This article offers a substantial contribution to related theory by developing and testing a social media-based model that provides a more comprehensive view of the process of AGCC.
Framework for Stress Detection Using Thermal Signature
Authors: Vasavi S. , Neeharica P. , Poojitha M. , Harika T.
Published: September 2018

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity requires usage of contact sensors with patients' body. Computational psychophysiology based on thermal imaging is suggested as an alternative. It is a non-invasive and non-contact method that can be used for medical applications such as stress detection, human psychology, geriatric medicine, autonomic nervous activity, medical diagnostics and psychophysiology. It is free from pain and radiations. Very few works are reported to identify stress states at individual level. This work presents a framework to detect stress based on heart rate variability (HRV). Methods were proposed for extracting thermal signatures such as cardiac pulse, breath rate, sudomotor response, and stress response from various regions. Psychophysiological disorders are categorized as bradycardia, tachycardia, stress, and no stress. The system enables monitoring of thermal features at four facial areas such as forehead, neck, periorbital, and nose. The proposed system is tested on bench mark datasets and proved with high confidence w.r.t existing works and ground truth values.
Designing Purposeful Student Interactions to Advance Synchronous Learning Experiences
Authors: Baker Courtney K. , Hjalmarson Margret
Published: September 2018

This article brings together the results of a self-study conducted by two instructors of the same course for mathematics teacher leaders in a synchronous online learning environment using the videoconferencing tool Blackboard Collaborate. The combined self-study focused on the authors' instructional decision-making and on their use of scaffolded discourse to create a collaborative learning environment for teacher leaders in mathematics education. Findings indicate that two specific interactions were emphasized to highlight student engagement within the course: student-student interactions and student-content interactions. Results challenge the perception of participation as engagement and suggest the value of creating purposefully planned learning opportunities to engage students in online synchronous learning.