bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prior Question: What Do We Need State Citizenship for?
Authors: Owen David
Published: September 2018

In his kick-off contribution, Costica Dumbrava offers a threefold critique of ius sanguinis as a norm of citizenship acquisition. I share the scepticism expressed by various contributors to this Forum. However rather than address Dumbrava’s critique head on, I suggest that the kind of critique of ius sanguinis that he offers gets things moving askew from the start. When asking what citizenship rules we ought to endorse or reject, we ought to begin with a prior question: ‘what do we need state citizenship rules for?’
No More Blood
Authors: Abrams Kerry
Published: September 2018

Problems have plagued the ius sanguinis principle – the transmission of citizenship from parent to child – for as long as it has existed. Costica Dumbrava is surely correct that the time has come to ask whether ius sanguinis is still necessary. But the core problem with ius sanguinis, I would argue, is not that it uses the parent-child relationship to determine membership but that it overemphasizes the importance of the genetic tie to this relationship.
Law by Blood or Blood by Law?
Authors: de Groot David Armand Jacques Gérard
Published: September 2018

I agree to certain extent with Costica Dumbrava that ius sanguinis encompasses certain problematic issues, especially where it concerns newer forms of procreation, like IVF for lesbian couples and surrogacy. However, the origin of the problem cannot be attributed to ius sanguinis, but to non-solidarity of states that overuse the ordre public exemption for the denial of the recognition of parentage. Ius sanguinis is still the most suitable option for the main purposes of nationality law where it concerns children. I like Bauböck’s proposal of a ius filiationis. I see it, however, more as a change from ‘law by blood’, meaning parentage ties based on blood relationship, to a ‘blood by law’ relationship, meaning that parentage ties are seen to be established by the law. This thus means only an extension of the ‘blood’ definition.
Distributing Some, but Not All, Rights of Citizenship According to Ius Sanguinis
Authors: Tanasoca Ana
Published: September 2018

I overall agree with Dumbrava’s argument that ius sanguinis is unable to cope with the diversification of family structures and is not that morally appealing to begin with, I disagree with him on the details, especially with his background assumption that family ties (although not exclusively genetic, as it is presently the case) must play a salient role in the distribution of citizenship – although in the second part of this contribution I do offer a potential defence of his view against what is probably the strongest objection to his argument, which is that the abolishment of ius sanguinis would split families apart. The main question is: Why should we insist on ius sanguinis except because it would ensure that everyone’s human right to citizenship is satisfied? And insofar as statelessness can be equally avoided via ius soli, why should blood ties create an entitlement to citizenship?
Terrorist Expatriation: All Show, No Bite, No Future
Authors: Spiro Peter J.
Published: September 2018

Expatriation measures adopted by a handful of countries are ill-advised and possibly unlawful. Denationalisation of terror suspects clearly merits the attention of scholars and activists; after decades of disuse, states are now stepping back into the practice of forced expatriation. But denationalisation is increasingly anachronistic and toothless in the face of diminished conceptions of citizenship as an institution and changed locations of allegiance. The expatriation measures are empty gestures, a kind of counter-terror bravado to make up for the deficiency of more important material responses.
Should Those Who Attack the Nation Have an Absolute Right to Remain Its Citizens?
Authors: Schuck Peter H.
Published: September 2018

Macklin is certainly right to worry about the possible abuses of denationalisation. But a liberal constitutional regime can control such abuses by scrupulously controlling the state’s exercise of this power through a variety of familiar institutions and practices. These include a careful definition and exacting limitation of the grounds for revocation; demanding procedural and evidentiary requirements before such a power can be exercised; a right to legal counsel; and an independent judiciary accustomed to challenging state power in the name of protecting individual rights. We have entrusted our precious liberties to the faithful working through of these institutions and practices. Some of these liberties are even more precious than our right to retain our citizenship when we have knowingly acted in horrendous ways that make it justifiable, under the safeguards I describe, for the state to declare that status forfeited.
Whose Bad Guys Are Terrorists?
Authors: Bauböck Rainer
Published: September 2018

Denationalising terrorists is neither a necesssary nor an effective tool in fighting terrorism. It is instead a symbolic gesture that aims to affirm the basic values of a liberal constitution and an attempt to divert terrorist threats by inflicting them on other states. I argue that stripping terrorist suspects of their citizenship cannot be justified on either of these grounds.
Our Epoch’s Little Banishments
Authors: Sassen Saskia
Published: September 2018

I argue that the conceptual locus of the category banishment in today’s world is not banishment in the historical sense of the term, but a new kind of banishment that is predicated on the formation of geographies of privilege and disadvantage that cut across the divides of our modernity – East-West, North-South. The formation of such geographies includes a partial disassembling of the modern national territorial project, one aspiring (and dependent on) national unity, whether actual or idealised. This also means that there is a weakening of the explanatory power of the nation-based encasements of membership (for citizens, for firms, for political systems) that have marked our modernity. The micro-banishments I refer to are part of emergent and proliferating geographies of disadvantage (for citizens, firms, districts) internal to a country.
Global Citizenship for the Stay-at-Homes
Authors: Strumia Francesca
Published: September 2018

The citizen’s right to have a stake beyond national borders potentially bridges the cleavage between the globally mobile and the immobile. It belongs to, and appeals to the interests of, both classes of citizens. It can be exercised physically by the former group, and virtually by the latter through the novel channels that technology opens up. It is this very right that holds the potential to respond to nationalist and protectionist stances variedly represented in the contemporary political spectrum of several western countries.

To the extent that these stances are driven by fear and insecurity, the concrete conferral of a right to have a stake beyond one’s borders can teach the 21st century citizens an important lesson: that protection and security do not come from populist retrenchment into closure and exclusion. They rather come from the broadening of the umbrella under which citizenship claims can find accommodation. National citizenship can change to track not only the territorial boundaries of nation states but also the virtual ones of human stakes and interests.

Never mind the gap between the mobiles and the immobiles. New technology brings about the gift of global citizenship for the stay-at-homes.
A World Without Law; A World Without Politics
Authors: Post Robert
Published: September 2018

Text-based, voluntary cloud-based communities can sustain the values of civil-society, but it is difficult to imagine how they can generate laws that are involuntary and that operate on the bodies of participants.
A World Wide Web of Citizenship
Authors: Spiro Peter J.
Published: September 2018

Liav Orgad offers a characteristically insightful and provocative speculation on how novel technologies will facilitate global citizenship. Global interconnectedness is transforming individual identity composites to include transnational elements, and the migration of identity is, as Orgad argues, establishing more pervasive understandings of global responsibility. Along these three dimensions of interconnectedness, identity, and responsibility, we are assimilating an understanding of global citizenship. A recent worldwide poll found that a majority of respondents consider themselves more global citizens than citizens of their own countries.
Global Mobility Corridors for the Ultra-Rich. The Neoliberal Transformation of Citizenship
Authors: Barbulescu Roxana
Published: September 2018

The problem with investment citizenship ain’t that it is for sale, the problem is global inequality. Citizenship-by-investment schemes do not themselves produce injustice but they are unjust because they build on pre-existing large disparities in the world: If all countries were equal in living conditions would the scheme be objectionable? If the answer is no, as I think it is, then the source of injustice is global inequality rather than policies that do not themselves produce injustice.
The Maltese Falcon, or: my Porsche for a Passport!
Authors: Džankić Jelena
Published: September 2018

Selling passports dilutes the value of citizenship to a tradable commodity, voiding it of the sense of rights and duties and undermining citizens’ solidarity. If states sell citizenship, what the buyer gets will no longer look like citizenship at all.
What Is Wrong with Selling Citizenship? It Corrupts Democracy!
Authors: Bauböck Rainer
Published: September 2018

Citizenship has two faces: one directed towards other states, the other one directed towards citizens inside the polity. The policy of selling EU passports to investors disfigures both faces. Members states who do so cash in on the added value of EU citizenship created by all the member states jointly rather than by themselves. The global inequality of birthright citizenships will be exacerbated instead of diminished if the most valuable citizenships are sold to wealthy elites. Internally, selling citizenship corrupts democracy in a similar way as vote-buying and once again links the presumptively equal status of citizenship to social class, just as income tests for naturalisation do. As a union of democracies, the EU must be concerned when democracy is corrupted by the rule of money in any of its member states.
Tectonometamorphic Evolution of Jutulsessen, Gjelsvikfjella, cDML, East Antarctica
Authors: Dharwadkar Amit , Shrivastava Prakash K. , Srivastava Hari B.
Published: September 2018

The Jutulsessen area, can provide a vital clue to the supercontinent assembly of Gondwana Land as it is situated within the Circum East Antarctic Mobile Belt just east of the Penksockett rift marking the divide between the central Dronning Maud Land from the Western Dronning Maud Land. This landmass is dominated by migmatitic quartzo-feldspathic rocks intruded by syn to post-tectonic granites. The work highlights the data from western part cDML area with a view to arrive at a more comprehensive model for the cDML and subsequently to the super continent assembly. Granitic and migmatitic gneisses comprising of amphibolitic and biotite rich enclaves. The gneisses show variations from quartzo-felspathic gneiss to amphibolitic gneiss. The area has witnessed complex geological history involving at different deformational episodes with concomitant metamorphism. The pervasive dominant foliation trends NW-SE with shallow to medium dips towards SW. In the Stabben area, a nonfoliated intrusive syenite-gabbro pluton limits the gneissic exposures. Compositionally, the orthogneisses plot in the monzogranite-granodiorite field where as the mafic dykes/enclaves plot in the basalt-andesite-rhyodacite field. The bulk geochemical characteristics suggest significant crustal contamination. Garnet-biotite Fe-Mg exchange thermometry gives peak metamorphic temperature of 483° C for the gneisses and 628° C for the dioritic enclave within gneisses. A peak metamorphic grade of upper amphibolite to granulite facies is deduced from the mineral assemblages. Widespread anatexis has led to extensive occurrence of migmatites in the area. Recent geochronological studies assign an age of 1170 Ma to 970 Ma for the migmatites/gneisses and an emplacement age of 501 Ma for the Stabben gabbro and syenite. The discriminant plots of the Jutulsessen rocks indicate diverse origin ranging from pre-plate collision to post-collision orogenic tectonic setting. The mafic enclaves/dykes show ocean island arc to MORB affinities. Voluminous addition of juvenile crust during the Pan-African orogeny strongly overprints earlier structures.
Lithological and Structural Controls on the Genesis of Emerald Occurrences and their Exploration Implications in and around Gurabanda Area, Singhbhum Crustal Province, Eastern India
Authors: Sahu Shreeram Suman , Singh Sahendra , Satapathy Jyoti Sankar
Published: September 2018

Emerald, the green gem variety of beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18), is the third most valuable gemstone after diamond and ruby. The green colour appearance of the crystal is due to trace of Cr3+ and V3+, which replaces Al3+ ions in the crystal lattice of beryl. The hue of green colour of emerald depends on the quantity of Cr3+ and V3+ present in the crystal. Be is incorporated along with Cr and/or V during the process of crystallization. Since Be is relatively rare in the upper continental crust, therefore specific geological and geochemical parameters are required for Be to be incorporated in the crystal lattice of emerald.

The present work was carried out to understand the lithological and structural control of emerald occurrences in and around Gurabanda area within the Singhbhum shear zone (SSZ) of Singhbhum crustal province, eastern India. The biotite and serpentine schist belong to the Paleoproterozoic Dhanjori Group and constitute the major lithology of the area. Pegmatite and biotite schist contains a variety of gem minerals in abundance in the area and the gem quality emerald occur at the contact zone of quartz vein and mica-schist. Lithology and structure are the main controlling factors of gem-mineralization in the study area. The study indicates that regional metamorphism and deformation processes along the shear zone played a significant role in the formation of emerald deposits. It is inferred that Singhbhum shear zone facilitated a favourable condition, where the Be bearing pegmatites interacted with Cr bearing mica schist or ultramafic rocks to produce emerald crystal.
Retrieving of Land Surface Temperature Using Thermal Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Kandaihimmat Watershed, Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Malik Mohammad Subzar , Shukla J. P.
Published: September 2018

Remotely sensed thermal infrared (TIR) data have been widely used to retrieve land surface temperature (LST). LST is an important parameter in the studies of urban thermal environment and dynamics. In the study, an attempt has been made using LANDSAT 8 thermal imagery to compute LST and the associated land cover parameters viz; land surface emissivity (LSE), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI). Landsat 8 TIRS band 10 & 11 (thermal bands) during 21 Oct. 2016, 22 Nov.2016, 24 Dec. 2016 and 09 Jan. 2017 were processed for LST analysis. However, band 5 & band 4 of the imagery was processed for NDVI, band 6 & band 5 for NDBI and band 2 & band 5 for NDWI analysis. LST has been derived from both the bands 10 & 11 and validated by in-situ observations on the date and time of satellite overpass from the study area. Band 10 derived LST have shown much temperature difference while comparing with the in-situ observations. However, LST derived from band 11 found similar & close to the in-situ measurements. Relationship between band 11 results and in-situ observed measurements were developed, which has showing a strong correlation with (r2 = 0.991). Land surface emissivity were also evaluated which shows variation in different land cover surfaces like vegetation, settlement, forest cover and water body. The study has proven that land surface temperature derived from satellite band 11 is the actual surface temperature of the study area.
Geochemical Appraisal of Groundwater Quality in Ottapidaram Taluk, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu using Graphical and Numerical Method
Authors: Selvam S. , Singaraja C. , Venkatramanan S. , Chung S. Y.
Published: September 2018

Groundwater qualities of coastal aquifers in the Ottapidaram taluk of Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu have been extensively monitored in post monsoon seasons in 2014 to assess its suitability in relation to domestic and drinking uses in four regions (N-S-E-W). 34 groundwater samples were analyzed for various physico-chemical attributes like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solid (TDS), Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3, CO3, SO4, NO3, PO4. Most of these parameters fall under not permissible limits. The western part of the study area is highly polluted from K, Cl, HCO3 due to industrial/agriculture activity. The southern part is less polluted compared to other region. Hydrogeochemical processes controlling the water chemistry (Gibbs) indicates that most of groundwater samples fall at rock-weathering supremacy zone. Geochemical processes and temporal variation in the groundwater in this area are influenced by evaporation processes, ion exchange and dissolution of minerals. Major cation and anion ionic interaction indicate that weathering reactions have an inconsequential role in the hydrochemical processes of the shallow groundwater system. As a result of the hydrogeochemical analysis, seawater intrusion, aquifer rock weathering, sewer leakage are the overriding factors that determine the major ionic composition. The appropriate management plan is necessary to preserve precious groundwater resources.
Utilization of Satellite-based Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Hydrologic Applications: A Review
Authors: Zaidi Syeda Maria , Akbari Abolghasem , Gisen Jacqueline Isabella , Kazmi Jamil Hasan , Gul Asif , Fhong Ng Zone
Published: September 2018

Digital elevation model (DEM) derived conventionally from topographic maps and space borne satellites will provide various evidences about the change in earth features. It is one of the most fundamental data source of topographical relief information and delineate watershed boundaries which is being widely applied in numerous hydrological studies. A significant amount of work has been done to address the limitation and uncertainties of DEM. This review article aimed to bring all-inclusive considerations of DEM, i.e., derivative DEM sensors, types, accessibility, cost, horizontal & vertical accuracy and cell resolution. Based on evaluation this study would offer a good assistance to the research community and users for the implication of DEM services in appropriate hydrological models to avoid the ambiguities of modeling.
Improvement in Engineering Properties of Expansive Soils using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Mujtaba Hassan , Aziz Tahir , Farooq Khalid , Sivakugan Nagaratnam , Das Braja M.
Published: September 2018

Improvement in engineering properties of expansive soils by mixing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is the main focus of this research. For this purpose two expansive soil samples were collected from DG Khan and Sialkot areas (Pakistan). Classification tests revealed that DG Khan sample belonged to fat clay (CH) while Sialkot soil was lean clay (CL) as classified by Unified Soil Classification System. GGBFS has been added in varying proportions between 0 and 55% in these soil samples to study its role in stabilizing these expansive soils. Based on the laboratory test performed on composite soil samples, it was observed that maximum dry unit weight increased up to 10 % by adding 50% GGBFS in both samples. California bearing ratio (CBR) value showed an increase from 3.2 % to 11.5% for DG Khan soil while CBR values varied from 2.4% to 10.7% for Sialkot soil by mixing 50% GGBFS. Addition of 30 % GGBFS to DG Khan soil reduced swell potential from 8 % to 2 % while in Sialkot soil, 20 % addition of GGBFS reduced swell potential from 5 % to 2 %. Unconfined compressive strength of remoulded sample cured for 28 days increased by about 35% with the addition of 30%GGBFS. The results indicated that mixing of GGBFS in the expansive soil samples have a marked increase in their engineering properties. Also, it is an affective and environmental friendly means to dispose waste of steel industry.
Intensive Parenting: Fertility and Breastfeeding Duration in the United States
Authors: Maralani Vida , Stabler Samuel
Published: September 2018

Using 30 years of longitudinal data from a nationally representative cohort of women, we study the association between breastfeeding duration and completed fertility, fertility expectations, and birth spacing. We find that women who breastfeed their first child for five months or longer are a distinct group. They have more children overall and higher odds of having three or more children rather than two, compared with women who breastfeed for shorter durations or not at all. Expected fertility is associated with initiating breastfeeding but not with how long mothers breastfeed. Thus, women who breastfeed longer do not differ significantly from other breastfeeding women in their early fertility expectations. Rather, across the life course, these women achieve and even exceed their earlier fertility expectations. Women who breastfeed for shorter durations (1–21 weeks) are more likely to fall short of their expected fertility than to achieve or exceed their expectations, and they are significantly less likely than women who breastfeed for longer durations (≥22 weeks) to exceed their expected fertility. In contrast, women who breastfeed longer are as likely to exceed as to achieve their earlier expectations, and the difference between their probability of falling short versus exceeding their fertility expectations is relatively small and at the boundary of statistical significance (p = .096). These differences in fertility are not explained by differences in personal and family resources, including family income or labor market attachment. Our findings suggest that breastfeeding duration may serve as a proxy for identifying a distinct approach to parenting. Women who breastfeed longer have reproductive patterns quite different than their socioeconomic position would predict. They both have more children and invest more time in those children.
Diagnostic performance of Elecsys immunoassays for cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in a nonacademic, multicenter memory clinic cohort: The ABIDE project
Authors: Willemse Eline A.J. , van Maurik Ingrid S. , Tijms Betty M. , Bouwman Femke H. , Franke Andreas , Hubeek Isabelle , Boelaarts Leo , Claus Jules J. , Korf Esther S.C. , van Marum Rob J. , Roks Gerwin , Schoonenboom Niki , Verwey Nicolaas , Zwan Marissa D. , Wahl Simone , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Teunissen Charlotte E.
Published: September 2018

Introduction

We compared the automated Elecsys and manual Innotest immunoassays for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in a multicenter diagnostic setting.

Methods

We collected CSF samples from 137 participants in eight local memory clinics. Amyloid β(1–42) (Aβ42), total tau (t‐tau), and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) were centrally analyzed with Innotest and Elecsys assays. Concordances between methods were assessed.

Results

Biomarker results strongly correlated between assays with Spearman's ρ 0.94 for Aβ42, 0.98 for t‐tau, and 0.98 for p‐tau. Using Gaussian mixture modeling, cohort‐specific cut‐points were estimated at 1092 pg/mL for Aβ42, 235 pg/mL for t‐tau, and 24 pg/mL for p‐tau. We found an excellent concordance of biomarker abnormality between assays of 97% for Aβ42 and 96% for both t‐tau and p‐tau.

Discussion

The high concordances between Elecsys and Innotest in this nonacademic, multicenter cohort support the use of Elecsys for CSF Alzheimer's disease diagnostics and allow conversion of results between methods.
Finding the Positive in the Negative
Authors: Peres Tanya M. , Deter-Wolf Aaron
Published: September 2018

The impact of natural disasters and climate change on archaeological resources has garnered much recent attention, with impacts of sea level rise and coastal flooding being the two most often cited issues. However, damage caused by flooding of interior areas and waterways has received less consideration. In this article, we present a case study of a collaborative emergency response to a significant weather event and the ensuing impacts on archaeological resources. Our project, located in Middle Tennessee, documented severe erosion and subsequent anthropogenic disturbances to ancient Native American sites following massive flooding of the Cumberland River in 2010. While striving to mitigate this damage via systematic collection of imperiled archaeological samples, we were also able to strengthen partnerships among professional archaeologists working in different arenas (academia, state and federal agencies) and the avocational archaeological community. As these types of weather-related events become more common, published case studies of response efforts will be crucial in archaeological site management, planning, and disaster response.
Aeroelastic modelling and stability analysis of tiltrotor aircraft in conversion flight
Authors: Li Z. , Xia P.
Published: September 2018

In conversion flight, the aeroelastic modelling of tiltrotor aircraft needs to consider the unsteady effect of the rotor wake bending due to the rotor tilting. In this paper, the unsteady models of the rotor wake bending and dynamic inflow have been introduced into the aeroelastic modelling of the tiltrotor aircraft in conversion flight by using Hamilton’s generalized principle. The method for solving the aeroelastic stability of tiltrotor aircraft in conversion flight has been established by using the small perturbation theory and the Floquet theory. The influences of unsteady dynamic inflow on trim control inputs and aeroelastic stability of a tiltrotor aircraft in conversion flight were calculated and analysed. The calculation results show that the required collective pitch increases with the pylon tilting forward and the unsteady inflow is trimmed primarily by the lateral cyclic pitch of the rotor. The wake bending unsteady dynamic inflow can obviously reduce the stability of the flapping modes of the rotor, and have no obvious influence on the lag modes of the rotor and the motion modes of the wing. The instability of tiltrotor occurs in the chordwise bending mode of the wing when the pylon tilts to a certain angle in high speed forward flight.
COARSE COHERENCE OF METRIC SPACES AND GROUPS AND ITS PERMANENCE
PROPERTIES
Authors: GOLDFARB BORIS , GROSSMAN JONATHAN L.
Published: September 2018

We introduce properties of metric spaces and, specifically, finitely
generated groups with word metrics, which we call coarse
coherence and coarse regular coherence. They are
geometric counterparts of the classical algebraic notion of coherence and
the regular coherence property of groups defined and studied by Waldhausen.
The new properties can be defined in the general context of coarse metric
geometry and are coarse invariants. In particular, they are quasi-isometry
invariants of spaces and groups. The new framework allows us to prove
structural results by developing permanence properties, including the
particularly important fibering permanence property, for coarse regular
coherence.
Potential role of the heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) in buffering mutations to favour cyclical parthenogenesis in the peach potato aphidMyzus persicae(Aphididae, Hemiptera)
Authors: Mandrioli M. , Zanetti E. , Nardelli A. , Manicardi G.C.
Published: September 2018

Heat-shock proteins 90 (hsp90s) are a class of molecules able to stabilize a network of ‘client’ proteins that are involved in several processes. Furthermore, recent studies indicated that mutations in the hsp90-encoding gene induce a wide range of phenotypic abnormalities, which have been interpreted as an increased sensitivity of different developmental pathways to hidden/cryptic mutations. In order to verify the role of hsp90 in aphids, we amplified and sequenced thehsp90gene in 17 lineages of the peach potato aphidMyzus persicae(Sulzer, 1776) looking for the presence of mutations. In particular, we compared lineages with different reproductive modes (obligate vs. cyclical parthenogenesis), propensity to develop winged females and karyotype stability. Differently from the cyclical parthenogenetic lineages that possessed functionalhsp90genes, the seven analysed asexual lineages showed severe mutations (including frameshift and non-sense mutations).In vivofunctional assays with the hsp90-inhibitor geldanamycin showed that some lineages with cyclical parthenogenesis may lose their ability to induce sexuales in the absence of active hsp90 revealing the presence of cryptic mutations in their genomes. As a whole, our data suggest that hsp90 could play in aphids a role in buffering hidden/cryptic mutations that disrupt cyclical parthenogenesis.
Deceptive love and denied endings: tropes in the music of Billy Joel
Authors: Atkinson Sean
Published: September 2018

The music of Billy Joel is long overdue for prolonged attention from the scholarly field. As Walter Everett has acknowledged (2000), Joel's music is often more in line with common-practice systems than with popular genres, and when combined with his intuitive understanding of numerous popular styles, makes for a rich trove of harmonic interest. One of the common-practice devices Joel utilises effectively is the evaded cadence (also called a deceptive motion). His use of this harmonic motion reveals two tropes in his music: Deceptive Love describes the complicated nature of love in ‘She's Got a Way’ and ‘She's Always a Woman’, while Denied Ending describes the unfinished and unresolved quality at the end of ‘Miami 2017’. Uncovering these tropes in Joel's songs leads to a better understanding of the lyrics and the harmonic progressions that underlie them.
Vulnerability to psychosocial disability in psychosis
Authors: Griffiths S. L. , Wood S. J. , Birchwood M.
Published: September 2018

Psychosocial disability affects a number of individuals with psychosis and often begins years before the formal onset of disorder. This suggests that for many, their psychosocial disability is enduring, and targeted interventions are therefore needed earlier in their developmental trajectories to ensure that psychosocial disability does not become entrenched. Poor psychosocial functioning also affects individuals with a range of different emerging mental health problems, putting these young people at risk of long-term social marginalisation and economic disadvantage; all of which are known risk factors for the development of psychosis. Identification of the markers of poor psychosocial functioning will help to inform effective treatments. This editorial will discern the early trajectories and markers of poor psychosocial outcome in psychosis, and highlight which individuals are most at risk of having a poor outcome. This editorial will also discuss whether early interventions are currently being targeted appropriately and will propose how intervention and preventative strategies can be implemented, to restore psychosocial trajectories in a way that enables young people to maximise their life chances.
Antiphospholipid syndrome – an update
Authors: Linnemann Birgit
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoantibody-mediated acquired thrombophilia. It is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) that are directed against phospholipid-binding plasma proteins, such as beta-2-glycoprotein I (b2GPI). Its main manifestations are recurrent vascular thromboses (so-called “thrombotic APS”) and pregnancy complications (“obstetric APS”). According to the current consensus criteria, a persistently positive functional lupus anticoagulant (LA) assay and/or the presence of anti-b2GPI and/or anti-cardiolipin antibodies, together with clinical symptoms, is mandatory for the diagnosis of APS. Other clinical features, such as thrombocytopenia, Coombs-positive haemolytic anaemia, heart valve disease, renal microangiopathy and neurologic disorders are also common in APL-positive patients. APS can be associated with other autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. In rare cases, catastrophic APS (CAPS) occurs, with the development of excessive thrombosis at multiple sites, usually affecting small vessels and leading to multi-organ dysfunction and organ failure. Treatment usually comprises antithrombotic therapy using antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents. However, there is no consensus concerning the intensity or duration of therapy. Despite apparently adequate anticoagulation, the risk of recurrent thrombosis remains high. For patients with CAPS, a combined therapeutic approach that includes anticoagulation, glucocorticoids, plasma exchange and/or intravenous immunoglobulin seems to be the best treatment option.

Keywords: Antiphospholipid syndrome, lupus anticoagulants, anti-cardiolipin, anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I, vascular thrombosis, pregnancy complication
The Incorporation of Field Portable Instrumentation Into Human Planetary Surface Exploration
Authors: Young K. E. , Bleacher J. E. , Rogers A. D. , Schmitt H. H. , McAdam A. C. , Garry W. B. , Whelley P. L. , Scheidt S. P. , Ito G. , Knudson C. A. , Graff T. G. , Bleacher L. V. , Whelley N. , Evans C. A. , Hurtado J. M. , Glotch T. D.
Published: September 2018

Field portable instrumentation, such as in situ geochemical analyzers or broader field of view instruments like multispectral imagers or other imaging capabilities, has the potential to dramatically increase the science return of a planetary surface exploration mission. However, more work is needed to determine how emerging portable technologies should be designed and implemented into evolving mission architectures. This work summarizes the efforts of the RIS4E (Remote, In Situ and Synchrotron Studies for Science and Exploration) SSERVI (Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute) team in investigating how field portable instruments should be including into planning for future exploration EVAs (extravehicular activities). EVA crews of geologists and astronauts tested a variety of portable and handheld technologies at both the December 1974 lava flow, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i, and Kilbourne Hole, New Mexico, both of which are planetary analog sites. The timeline data gathered during instrument deployment were then mapped onto EVA timelines used in large‐scale NASA planetary surface exploration analog missions. Results and recommendations for future instrument hardware and software development are discussed, as is the operational framework necessary for incorporating in situ analytical capabilities into future planetary surface exploration.
Quantifying Uncertainty in Cumulative Surface Slip Along the Cucamonga Fault, a Crustal Thrust Fault in Southern California
Authors: McPhillips Devin , Scharer Katherine M.
Published: September 2018

Studies of historic earthquake ground surface ruptures show that displacements along strike are spatially variable. As a result, latest Quaternary slip rates developed from a spatially restricted set of cumulative displacement measurements may not accurately represent fault velocity. Here we examine the uncertainties associated with slip on the Cucamonga Fault, which is part of a network of faults that have generated damaging historical earthquakes in and around Los Angeles, California. Numerous scarps along its ~25‐km length are well expressed on alluvial fans. We make 310 measurements of vertical separation across the scarps using lidar data. We show that the dispersion of the vertical separations cannot be explained by our best estimates of analytical uncertainties alone. Additional epistemic uncertainties are required. We find that the magnitude of the required epistemic uncertainty is typically larger than analytical uncertainty by a factor of 3 and typically about 22% of the maximum vertical separation. These relationships appear to hold at several spatial scales. We examine three potential sources of epistemic uncertainty and find that none among surface age uncertainty, fault dip, and anthropogenic landscape alteration is likely sufficient to explain the overdispersion of the data, which suggests differences in cumulative strain along the strike of the fault. We calculate a range of dip‐slip rates between 0.4 and 2.6 mm/year. In light of our results, we suggest that future thrust‐fault slip‐rate studies adopt an epistemic uncertainty of 22% of the maximum value for vertical separation measurements, unless there are sufficient data to demonstrate otherwise.
Autophagy regulates vinorelbine sensitivity due to continued Keap1-mediated ROS generation in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Wu Yan-Wei , Lin Chiou-Feng , Lin Yee-Shin , Su Wu-Chou , Chiu Wei-Hsin
Published: September 2018

Autophagy is one of the induced mechanisms in metastatic cancer to escape death due to starvation, hypoxia, metabolic stresses, chemotherapy, and radiation. Some publications have revealed that chemotherapy combined with autophagy inhibitor will overcome drug resistance. We modified AS2 cells with PTEN overexpression, mTOR knockdown, or Keap1 knockdown, and made modification of A549 cells with PTEN knockdown, Atg5 knockdown, and Keap1 overexpression. Our study was aimed toward an exploration of how autophagy modulates Keap1, ROS generation, and vinorelbine-induced apoptosis in these cell lines. We found that lung cancer PC14PE6/AS2 (AS2) had higher mTOR and Akt and also lower PTEN expression than A549 cells. Descended autophagy was demonstrated with more decreased p62 accumulation and LC3 II conversion in AS2 cells as compared to A549 cells. The A549 cells had lower Keap1/Nrf2 and more active anti-oxidant response element (ARE) activity than the AS2 cells. We modified AS2 cells with PTEN overexpression, mTOR knockdown, Keap1 knockdown, and revealed amplified p62 and LC3 expression accompanied with decreased Akt, Keap1, ROS, and vinorelbine-induced apoptosis. Declined p62, LC3 expression were accompanied with increased Akt, Keap1, ROS, and vinorelbine-induced apoptosis after modification of A549 cells with PTEN knockdown, Atg5 knockdown, and Keap1 overexpression. Keap1 overexpression lowered ARE levels in A549 cells, and ARE level exhibited up-growth in Keap1 knockdown AS2 cells. The autophagy inhibitor caused more ROS generation and vinorelbine-induced apoptosis in the A549 and CL1-5 cells. According to these findings, autophagy regulates vinorelbine sensitivity by continuing Keap1-mediated ROS generation in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
Transport evidence for a sliding two-dimensional quantum electron solid
Authors: Brussarski Pedro , Li S. , Kravchenko S. V. , Shashkin A. A. , Sarachik M. P.
Published: September 2018

Ignited by the discovery of the metal-insulator transition, the behaviour of low-disorder two-dimensional (2D) electron systems is currently the focus of a great deal of attention. In the strongly interacting limit, electrons are expected to crystallize into a quantum Wigner crystal, but no definitive evidence for this effect has been obtained despite much experimental effort over the years. Here, studying the insulating state of a 2D electron system in silicon, we have found two-threshold voltage-current characteristics with a dramatic increase in noise between the two threshold voltages. This behaviour cannot be described within existing traditional models. On the other hand, it is strikingly similar to that observed for the collective depinning of the vortex lattice in type-II superconductors. Adapting the model used for vortexes to the case of an electron solid yields good agreement with our experimental results, favouring the quantum electron solid as the origin of the low-density state.
Towards global data products of Essential Biodiversity Variables on species traits
Authors: Kissling W. Daniel , Walls Ramona , Bowser Anne , Jones Matthew O. , Kattge Jens , Agosti Donat , Amengual Josep , Basset Alberto , van Bodegom Peter M. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , Denny Ellen G. , Deudero Salud , Egloff Willi , Elmendorf Sarah C. , Alonso García Enrique , Jones Katherine D. , Jones Owen R. , Lavorel Sandra , Lear Dan , Navarro Laetitia M. , Pawar Samraat , Pirzl Rebecca , Rüger Nadja , Sal Sofia , Salguero-Gómez Roberto , Schigel Dmitry , Schulz Katja-Sabine , Skidmore Andrew , Guralnick Robert P.
Published: September 2018

Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) allow observation and reporting of global biodiversity change, but a detailed framework for the empirical derivation of specific EBVs has yet to be developed. Here, we re-examine and refine the previous candidate set of species traits EBVs and show how traits related to phenology, morphology, reproduction, physiology and movement can contribute to EBV operationalization. The selected EBVs express intra-specific trait variation and allow monitoring of how organisms respond to global change. We evaluate the societal relevance of species traits EBVs for policy targets and demonstrate how open, interoperable and machine-readable trait data enable the building of EBV data products. We outline collection methods, meta(data) standardization, reproducible workflows, semantic tools and licence requirements for producing species traits EBVs. An operationalization is critical for assessing progress towards biodiversity conservation and sustainable development goals and has wide implications for data-intensive science in ecology, biogeography, conservation and Earth observation.
Sigmoidal Acquisition Curves Are Good Indicators of Conformist Transmission
Authors: Smaldino Paul E. , Aplin Lucy M. , Farine Damien R.
Published: September 2018

The potential for behaviours to spread via cultural transmission has profound implications for our understanding of social dynamics and evolution. Several studies have provided empirical evidence that local traditions can be maintained in animal populations via conformist learning (i.e. copying the majority). A conformist bias can be characterized by a sigmoidal relationship between a behavior’s prevalence in the population and an individual’s propensity to adopt that behavior. For this reason, the presence of conformist learning in a population is often inferred from a sigmoidal acquisition curve in which the overall rate of adoption for the behavior is taken as the dependent variable. However, the validity of sigmoidal acquisition curves as evidence for conformist learning has recently been challenged by models suggesting that such curves can arise via alternative learning rules that do not involve conformity. We review these models, and find that the proposed alternative learning mechanisms either rely on faulty or unrealistic assumptions, or apply only in very specific cases. We therefore recommend that sigmoidal acquisition curves continue to be taken as evidence for conformist learning. Our paper also highlights the importance of understanding the generative processes of a model, rather than only focusing solely on the patterns produced. By studying these processes, our analysis suggests that current practices by empiricists have provided robust evidence for conformist transmission in both humans and non-human animals.

Arising from: Acerbi, A. et al. Sci. Rep. 6, 36068 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36068.
Orbitropic Effect in Superfluid 3He B-phase Boundaries
Authors: Arrayás Manuel , Haley Richard P. , Pickett George R. , Zmeev Dmitry
Published: September 2018

In this work, we study the influence of orbital viscosity on the evolution of the order-parameter and texture in the B phase of superfluid 3He near a moving boundary. From the redistribution of thermal quasiparticles within the texture, we develop a model which confers a substantial effective mass on the interface, and provides a new mechanism for friction as the boundary moves. We have tested the model against existing data for the motion of an A-B interface whose motion was controlled by a magnetic field. The model allows us to make predictions for the behaviour in experimental situations which involve texture rearrangement arising from motion of the B-phase boundary.
Social Structure Facilitated the Evolution of Care-giving as a Strategy for Disease Control in the Human Lineage
Authors: Kessler Sharon E. , Bonnell Tyler R. , Setchell Joanna M. , Chapman Colin A.
Published: September 2018

Humans are the only species to have evolved cooperative care-giving as a strategy for disease control. A synthesis of evidence from the fossil record, paleogenomics, human ecology, and disease transmission models, suggests that care-giving for the diseased evolved as part of the unique suite of cognitive and socio-cultural specializations that are attributed to the genusHomo. Here we demonstrate that the evolution of hominin social structure enabled the evolution of care-giving for the diseased. Using agent-based modeling, we simulate the evolution of care-giving in hominin networks derived from a basal primate social system and the three leading hypotheses of ancestral human social organization, each of which would have had to deal with the elevated disease spread associated with care-giving. We show that (1) care-giving is an evolutionarily stable strategy in kin-based cooperatively breeding groups, (2) care-giving can become established in small, low density groups, similar to communities that existedbeforethe increases in community size and density that are associated with the advent of agriculture in the Neolithic, and (3) once established, care-giving became a successful method of disease control across social systems, even as community sizes and densities increased. We conclude that care-giving enabled hominins to suppress disease spread as social complexity, and thus socially-transmitted disease risk, increased.
Improved high temperature radiation damage tolerance in a three-phase ceramic with heterointerfaces
Authors: Ohtaki Kenta K. , Patel Maulik K. , Crespillo Miguel L. , Karandikar Keyur K. , Zhang Yanwen , Graeve Olivia A. , Mecartney Martha L.
Published: September 2018

Radiation damage tolerance for a variety of ceramics at high temperatures depends on the material’s resistance to nucleation and growth of extended defects. Such processes are prevalent in ceramics employed for space, nuclear fission/fusion and nuclear waste environments. This report shows that random heterointerfaces in materials with sub-micron grains can act as highly efficient sinks for point defects compared to grain boundaries in single-phase materials. The concentration of dislocation loops in a radiation damage-prone phase (Al2O3) is significantly reduced when Al2O3 is a component of a composite system as opposed to a single-phase system. These results present a novel method for designing exceptionally radiation damage tolerant ceramics at high temperatures with a stable grain size, without requiring extensive interfacial engineering or production of nanocrystalline materials.