bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arzt-Patient-Videokonferenz – Voilà!
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Seit Jahren treibt diese Vision mit viel Für und Wider die deutsche Gesundheitsbranche um: die Arzt-Patient-Videokonferenz. Und plötzlich soll sie da sein? Ja, ein kleines Unternehmen namens Patientus hat den entscheidenden ersten Schritt getan und dafür den Zukunftspreis des Clubs der Gesundheitswirtschaft erhalten.
Kluges Entlassmanagement
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: March 2016

Bestehende Kooperationsverträge sollten geprüft und bei neuen sollte schon jetzt das geplante Anti-Korruptionsgesetz berücksichtigt werden.
„Deutsche Kassen zeigen zu wenig Initiative“
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: March 2016

Qualität der Krankenhausleistung lässt sich nur messen, wenn man systematisch die Patienten befragt, sagt Jens Deerberg-Wittram von der Boston Consulting Group. Die meisten Ärzte wären dafür dankbar, bemerkt er. Auf dem BMC-Kongress sitzt er im Panel zum Thema „Vergütung von Innovationen“.
Mega-Deals mit Kliniken
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Philips ist in Kanada, Schweden und den USA Krankenhaus-Partnerschaften mit Auftragsvolumina in jeweils dreistelliger Millionenhöhe eingegangen. Nun möchte der niederländische Technologiekonzern sein Angebot auch in Deutschland etablieren.
„Schweizer Messer der Radiologie“
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: March 2016

Siemens hat ein neues Röntgensystem vorgestellt, das klinische Arbeitsabläufe deutlich effizienter machen soll. Das Roboter-basierte Gerät ermöglicht diverse Untersuchungen mit nur einem Gerät. Auch der Patient profitiert, da sich das „Multitom Rax“ um ihn herum bewegt.
Ende eines Feuerwerks
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: March 2016

Gesunde große Private schlucken massenweise kränkelnde kleine Öffent­liche: Dieser dramatische Trend auf dem Klinikmarkt schien nicht mehr aufzuhalten. Fürs Erste ist er offenbar vorbei. Mangels Kaufobjekten anderswo jagten Private zuletzt vor allem im eigenen Revier – auch, weil die Konkurrenz der Öffentlichen und Freigemeinnützigen nachgerüstet hat.
Klinik-MVZs wirtschaftlich kein Selbstläufer
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Medizinische Versorgungszentren in Klinikhand: Das gilt als vielversprechende Strategie für stationäre Einrichtungen, um sich Patienteneinweisungen zu sichern. Bei der Rentabilität gibt es allerdings enorme Unterschiede. MVZs zu betreiben, gilt für Krankenhäuser weiter als „erhebliche Herausforderung”.
Der Fortschritt findet anderswo statt
Authors: Müschenich Markus
Published: March 2016

Das E-Health-Gesetz, das jetzt in Kraft tritt, gilt als Meilenstein auf dem Weg zur Digitalisierung. Doch es ist brandgefährlich. Weil es wie eine Beruhigungspille wirkt: Es lullt Klinikmanager ein und verleitet sie dazu, auf die Digitalisierung zu warten, statt sie zu gestalten.
Vieles wurde auf den Kopf gestellt
Authors: Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: March 2016

Mit dieser Ausgabe geht die kma in das 20. Jahr ihres Erscheinens. Das ist ein wirklicher Grund zur Freude, nicht nur beim Verlag, der Redaktion und der Stammleserschaft, sondern auch bei uns, den Herausgebern, bei Barbara Napp, Florian Gerster und mir.
Kliniken verzeichnen nur 1,2 Prozent
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: March 2016

Ende 2014 waren laut Statistischem Bundesamt 5,2 Millionen Menschen im Gesundheitswesen beschäftigt. Das sind 2 Prozent mehr als im Vorjahr.
„Schlüsselfertige“ Ärzte aus GUS-Ländern
Authors: Dorner Carola
Published: March 2016

Immer öfter übernehmen Agenturen die Vermittlung ausländischer Ärzte. An der German Doctor Exchange zeigt sich, wie begehrt diese Dienstleistung ist: Die 2012 gegründete GmbH zählt bereits 50 Mitarbeiter – davon 28 in Festanstellung. Geschäftsführer Swjatoslaw Aksamitowski tritt jetzt sogar auf dem Gesundheitskongress des Westens auf.
Kleine Wellness-Oasen
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: March 2016

Im Krankenhaus ist die Wirkung einer schön gestalteten Nasszelle nicht zu unterschätzen. Gleichzeitig müssen Badezimmer in Kliniken auch speziellen Hygieneanforderungen genügen. Einige Hersteller verbinden beide Aspekte und geben den Patienten dabei sogar ein Stück Unabhängigkeit zurück.
„Die Arbeitsbedingungen in Deutschland: ein Traum!“
Authors: Sickinger Nina
Published: March 2016

Dass die Zeiten in Griechenland wirtschaftlich schlecht sind, ist hinreichend bekannt. Dies war auch 2012 schon so. Und die Chancen, eine Stelle als Facharzt in einem guten griechischen Krankenhaus zu bekommen, sind mehr als unwahrscheinlich.
Wir müssen den Beruf attraktiver gestalten
Authors: Napp Barbara
Published: March 2016

Seit September 2015 bin ich neben Herrn Professor Axel Ekkernkamp und Herrn Florian Gerster Mitherausgeberin der kma. Diese Aufgabe reizt mich sehr. Die kma wird dieses Jahr 20 Jahre alt.
Armer Steuerzahler
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: March 2016

Ob München, Frankfurt oder Calw – die Bilanzen vieler öffentlicher Krankenhäuser lesen sich wie Gruselromane. Aus finanzieller Sicht müsste vielen sofort der Totenschein ausgestellt werden.
Aufstieg der Servicekräfte
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: March 2016

Statt den Service rund um das Essen ihren Pflegekräften zu überlassen, setzen immer mehr Kliniken auf Menüassistenten. Auch die Catering-Unternehmen haben den Markt für sich entdeckt und schulen ihre Servicekräfte speziell für den umsichtigen Kontakt mit Patienten. Das steigert nicht nur die Patientenzufriedenheit, es entlastet auch das Pflegepersonal.
„Die Nachfrage nach entkoppelten Verpflegungssystemen steigt”
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: March 2016

Die Apetito AG aus Nordrhein-Westfalen gehört zu den führenden Herstellern von Tiefkühlmenüs und Menükomponenten in Deutschland. Zu ihrem Kundenkreis gehören neben Betriebsrestaurants auch zahlreiche Krankenhäuser und Pflegeeinrichtungen. kma hat Christian Kleikamp, den nationalen Verkaufsleiter Care und Geschäftsführer von Apetito Österreich, zu den aktuellen Trends im Cateringmarkt befragt.
Perspective: Data infrastructure for high throughput materials discovery
Authors: Pfeif E. A. , Kroenlein K.
Published: March 2016

Computational capability has enabled materials design to evolve from trial-and-error towards more informed methodologies that require large amounts of data. Expert-designed tools and their underlying databases facilitate modern-day high throughput computational methods. Standard data formats and communication standards increase the impact of traditional data, and applying these technologies to a high throughput experimental design provides dense, targeted materials data that are valuable for material discovery. Integrated computational materials engineering requires both experimentally and computationally derived data. Harvesting these comprehensively requires different methods of varying degrees of automation to accommodate variety and volume. Issues of data quality persist independent of type.
Magnonics: Selective heat production in nanocomposites with different magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Gu Yu , Kornev Konstantin G.
Published: March 2016

We theoretically study Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) in nanocomposites focusing on the analysis of heat production. It is demonstrated that at the FMR frequency, the temperature of nanoparticles can be raised at the rate of a few degrees per second at the electromagnetic (EM) irradiation power equivalent to the sunlight power. Thus, using FMR, one can initiate either surface or bulk reaction in the vicinity of a particular magnetic inclusion by purposely delivering heat to the nanoscale at a sufficiently fast rate. We examined the FMR features in (a) the film with a mixture of nanoparticles made of different materials; (b) the laminated films where each layer is filled with a particular type of magnetic nanoparticles. It is shown that different nanoparticles can be selectively heated at the different bands of EM spectrum. This effect opens up new exciting opportunities to control the microwave assisted chemical reactions depending on the heating rate.
Material/element-dependent fluorescence-yield modes on soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Asakura Daisuke , Hosono Eiji , Nanba Yusuke , Zhou Haoshen , Okabayashi Jun , Ban Chunmei , Glans Per-Anders , Guo Jinghua , Mizokawa Takashi , Chen Gang , Achkar Andrew J. , Hawthron David G. , Regier Thomas Z. , Wadati Hiroki
Published: March 2016

We evaluate the utilities of fluorescence-yield (FY) modes in soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of several cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. In the case of total-FY (TFY) XAS for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, the line shape of the Mn L3-edge XAS was largely distorted by the self-absorption and saturation effects, while the distortions were less pronounced at the Ni L3 edge. The distortions were suppressed for the inverse-partial-FY (IPFY) spectra. We found that, in the cathode materials, the IPFY XAS is highly effective for the Cr, Mn, and Fe L edges and the TFY and PFY modes are useful enough for the Ni L edge which is far from the O K edge.
The zero-moment half metal: How could it change spin electronics?
Authors: Betto Davide , Rode Karsten , Thiyagarajah Naganivetha , Lau Yong-Chang , Borisov Kiril , Atcheson Gwenael , Žic Mario , Archer Thomas , Stamenov Plamen , Coey J. M. D.
Published: March 2016

The Heusler compound Mn2RuxGa (MRG) may well be the first compensated half metal. Here, the structural, magnetic and transport properties of thin films of MRG are discussed. There is evidence of half-metallicity up to x = 0.7, and compensation of the two Mn sublattice moments is observed at specific compositions and temperatures, leading to a zero-moment half metal. There are potential benefits for using such films with perpendicular anisotropy for spin-torque magnetic tunnel junctions and oscillators, such as low critical current, high tunnel magnetoresistance ratio, insensitivity to external fields and resonance frequency in the THz range.
Spin Hall effects in metallic antiferromagnets – perspectives for future spin-orbitronics
Authors: Sklenar Joseph , Zhang Wei , Jungfleisch Matthias B. , Jiang Wanjun , Saglam Hilal , Pearson John E. , Ketterson John B. , Hoffmann Axel
Published: March 2016

We investigate angular dependent spin-orbit torques from the spin Hall effect in a metallic antiferromagnet using the spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance technique. The large spin Hall effect exists in PtMn, a prototypical CuAu-I-type metallic antiferromagnet. By applying epitaxial growth, we previously reported an appreciable difference in spin-orbit torques for c- and a-axis orientated samples, implying anisotropic effects in magnetically ordered materials. In this work we demonstrate through bipolar-magnetic-field experiments a small but noticeable asymmetric behavior in the spin-transfer-torque that appears as a hysteresis effect. We also suggest that metallic antiferromagnets may be good candidates for the investigation of various unidirectional effects related to novel spin-orbitronics phenomena.
Regional shifts in phytoplankton succession and primary productivity in the San Antonio Bay System (USA) in response to diminished freshwater inflows
Authors: Roelke Daniel L. , Li Hsiu-Ping , Miller-DeBoer Carrie J. , Gable George M. , Davis Stephen E.
Published: March 2016

In many areas of the world, human consumption and climate change threaten freshwater inflows to coastal ecosystems. In the San Antonio Bay System, USA (SABS), freshwater inflows are projected to decrease in the coming decades. Our 30-month sampling period of SABS captured a prolonged period of higher inflows and a prolonged period of lower inflow. Our observations offer insights as to how this system might respond to lower freshwater inflows in the future. Of most importance in our observations was a regional shift that occurred in maximum primary productivity from the middle and lower SABS towards the upper SABS. In addition, a warm-month succession of phytoplankton taxa in the upper SABS that occurred during the wet period did not occur during the dry period. We also observed spatiotemporal shifts in apparent nitrogen- and phosphorus-limitation, with both appearing to influence phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity. Changes to SABS phytoplankton such as these might deleteriously affect organisms of higher trophic levels with life stages that are regionally confined by other factors, such as depth, macrophyte presence, and existence of hard-bottomed substrate, which in this bay system includes both commercially important and endangered species.
Phonological elements and Diasystematic Construction Grammar
Authors: Höder Steffen
Published: March 2016

Usage-based CxG approaches share the central assumption that any grammar has to be acquired and organised through input-based abstraction and categorisation. Diasystematic Construction Grammar (DCxG) is based on the idea that these processes are not sensitive to language boundaries. Multilingual input thus results in multilingual grammars which are conceived of as constructicons containing language-specific as well as language-unspecific constructions. Within such systems, phonological structures play an important part in the identification of schematic constructions. However, the status of phonology in DCxG, as in CxG in general, yet remains unclear. This paper presents some arguments for including phonological elements systematically in the construction-based analysis of (multilingual) constructional systems.
Constructions do not cross Languages
Authors: Wasserscheidt Philipp
Published: March 2016

In research on bilingualism it is often assumed that linguistic structures can be shared across languages. The emphasis on generalization and categorization in construction grammar also seems to imply that speakers can develop cross-linguistic representations. This contribution argues that generalizations can occur only on the semantic level. Data from typologically distinct languages shows that generalizations over form are not likely to play a role in language processing. It is further argued that neither syntactical nor grammatical form is needed in order to explain syntactic transfer.
Chapter 3. Why mixed metaphors make sense
Authors: Müller Cornelia
Published: March 2016

This paper explores why speakers and addressees seem to have no problem in making sense of mixed metaphors. We will argue that the mixing of metaphors reveals something about the nature of conventionalized metaphoric meaning that is as interesting for cognitive linguists as speech errors are for psycholinguists. First, it shows that so-called dead metaphors are alive for speakers, second it reveals that people deal creatively with all the meaning facets of metaphoric meaning – including the uncommon ones, and third we will argue that the mixing of metaphors can be explained by assuming a dynamic view on metaphoric meaning making. This view suggests that rather than being static and fixed, metaphoric meaning is the product of a process of cognitively activating selected facets of source and target, or vehicle and tenor. As a consequence the mixing of metaphors is considered a result of a shifting focus of attention, or of dynamically foregrounding facets of meaning that are backgrounded in the common reading.
Chapter 5. Mixed metaphor
Authors: Barnden John
Published: March 2016

The article sketches how a particular approach to metaphor, the ATT-Meta approach, which has been partially realized in an implemented AI program, copes with various types of mixing. Mixing here is broadly construed as including felicitous compounding, not only infelicitous mixes such as when there are unintended comical effects. The structures of mixing considered included chaining (called here serial mixing), parallel mixing (e.g., when different metaphorical views are brought to bear on the target of the metaphor), and combinations of serial and parallel mixing. ATT-Meta has specific technical advantages as regards mixing. These include (i) a focus on individual mappings as opposed to packages of mappings such as conceptual metaphors, (ii) the use of generic mappings called view-neutral mapping adjuncts, which are not specific to particular metaphorical views and cope with certain core types of information that are commonly manipulated in metaphor, and (iii) the construal of mappings as going from pretence spaces (fictional spaces) to surrounding reasoning spaces as opposed to going from one domain to another.
Chapter 8. The ‘dull roar’ and the ‘burning barbed wire pantyhose’
Authors: Charteris-Black Jonathan
Published: March 2016

This chapter examines metaphors in a corpus of interviews with people experiencing chronic pain. An important communicative purpose for people experiencing chronic pain is to get others to acknowledge its reality and I suggest that the mixing of metaphors contributes to the communication of pain. Where the rhetorical purpose is to communicate a means of gaining control over pain such as therapy or medication, speakers tend to use repeated metaphors or elaborate and extended metaphors based on some type of conceptual blending. Metaphor mixing occurs where the speaker’s purpose is to emphasise the intensity of the embodied experience by representing the pain as out of control. The greater the semantic divergence of metaphor source domains, the more intense the embodied experience of pain, and the greater the agency of the pain rather than the speaker. Conversely, when a speaker is discussing aspects of pain that can be controlled – as when using medication or in therapy – he or she uses metaphors that are more semantically convergent such as repeated or extended metaphors. Therefore the greater the semantic convergence of metaphor vehicles, the more the speaker represents him or herself as in control of the pain. The emergence of a metaphor theme through use of complex metaphors therefore enhances the credibility of the lived experience of chronic pain and shows metaphor use to be purposeful.
The Tip-of-the-Tongue phenomenon
Authors: Abrams Lise , Davis Danielle K.
Published: March 2016

The process of speech production occurs relatively effortlessly, despite complex cognitive processes that underlie word retrieval. However, sometimes these processes do break down and result in a production failure called a tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state. TOTs are temporary word-finding problems, characterized by an inability to retrieve a word at an intended time despite a strong feeling of knowing the word. TOTs are of particular relevance to older adults, who report having more TOTs and rate them as their most frustrating cognitive failure. The present chapter reviews the relevant literature on age-related changes observed in the TOT phenomenon, with a specific investigation of factors that increase the likelihood of older adults having TOTs as well as those that promote or inhibit TOT resolution. We begin by defining TOTs and their underlying causes in the context of theories of language production. We then discuss empirical findings that examine older adults’ disproportionate vulnerability in experiencing TOTs, the ways in which the incidence and resolution of TOTs can be exacerbated or mitigated, the particular susceptibility of proper names to TOTs, and comparisons of healthy older adults with adults with some clinical memory disorders. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of suggestions for future research directions that may shed light on other unique contributors to these language production failures in old age.
The role of cognition on age-related changes in language, memory, and mental models
Authors: Copeland David E. , Bies-Hernandez Nicole J. , Gunawan Kris
Published: March 2016

Many studies have shown that as people age, they tend to show deficits in cognitive abilities (e.g., Salthouse, 2012). However, the goal of cognitive aging research is to not only examine these deficits, but also to examine what abilities are maintained (e.g., Stine-Morrow, Miller, Gagne, & Hertzog, 2008). For example, cognitive studies of language processing have shown that older adults, relative to younger adults, place a greater emphasis on memory for the major ideas that were expressed, even though they tend to have difficulty remembering the exact wording that was used (e.g., Radvansky & Dijkstra, 2007). The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of how cognitive aging affects language and memory. Specifically, this chapter focuses on how the normal aging process affects both language processing and comprehension with an emphasis on the use of mental models, specifically situation (Zwaan & Radvansky, 1998) or event (Radvansky & Zacks, 2011) models. Because memory is such an important component of language use, this chapter also examines how deficits in memory that are due to normal aging, such as a decline in working memory capacity, can influence how older adults process and comprehend language (e.g., Copeland & Radvansky, 2007).
Early Ocean Life History of Harrison River Sockeye Salmon and their Contribution to the Biodiversity of Sockeye Salmon in the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Beamish Richard J. , Neville Chrys M. , Sweeting Ruston M. , Beacham Terry D. , Wade Joy , Li Lingbo
Published: March 2016

During a study of the early marine survival of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Coho Salmon O. kisutch in the Strait of Georgia from 1998 to 2010, moderate abundances of juvenile Sockeye Salmon O. nerka were observed to remain in the strait much longer than previously thought. In 2008, DNA stock identification showed that these juveniles were from the Harrison River, a population with a sea‐type life history in which juveniles enter the ocean during the year of emergence from the gravel. Using information collected in 1998–2010, we describe the early ocean life and production of Harrison River sea‐type Sockeye Salmon. Juveniles entered the Strait of Georgia from the Fraser River over an extended period, with most entering after mid‐July—about 8 weeks later than lake‐type juveniles, which had virtually all left the strait by that time. The September diets of sea‐type juveniles were highly selective for hyperiid amphipods, which were not abundant in the zooplankton. Interaction with juvenile Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha during this early marine period was identified as potentially affecting the age structure of returning adults. Juvenile Sockeye Salmon remained in the strait until the fall and then moved offshore, where they remained until returning as age‐3 or age‐4 adults. There was a strong positive relationship between the September CPUE of juveniles in the Strait of Georgia and the total adult return of Harrison River Sockeye Salmon, indicating that total production in recent years was likely related to conditions in the strait. From 2005 to 2011, Harrison River Sockeye Salmon production exhibited a large increase in comparison with the total production of Sockeye Salmon in the Fraser River system. This recent increase in production of late‐ocean‐entering juveniles with a sea‐type life history identifies the importance of managing for biodiversity of Sockeye Salmon populations within the Fraser River drainage.

Received April 28, 2015; accepted November 17, 2015
An Analysis of Lake Morphometric and Land‐Use Characteristics that Promote Persistence of Cisco in Indiana
Authors: Honsey Andrew E. , Donabauer Steven B. , Höök Tomas O.
Published: March 2016

Remnant populations of Cisco Coregonus artedi persist at the southern extent of their range among northern Indiana's glacial lakes, where most of their populations have become extirpated during the past century. Land‐use practices have likely accelerated lake eutrophication, while climate change threatens to further degrade the habitat necessary to sustain Ciscoes in Indiana. However, because the effects of these stressors have not been ubiquitous, an understanding of the factors that have contributed to either extirpation or persistence of Cisco populations will better inform future conservation practices. We analyzed lake morphometric and land‐use data to identify lakes that (1) are most likely to sustain Ciscoes, (2) are most likely to lose Ciscoes, and (3) have lost Ciscoes but are similar to current Cisco lakes and hence may be targets for restoration. We found that large, deep lakes located further north were more suitable for Ciscoes in the past, but that smaller lakes with a high ratio of lake area to catchment area have retained Cisco populations. This pattern supports the hypothesis that non‐point‐source nutrient loading is a driver of Cisco extirpations. Our results provide information to better manage a species of special concern in Indiana and of conservation interest in many other areas.

Received August 5, 2015; accepted November 20, 2015
Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments
Authors: Jolliffe Ian T. , Cadima Jorge
Published: March 2016

Large datasets are increasingly common and are often difficult to interpret. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a technique for reducing the dimensionality of such datasets, increasing interpretability but at the same time minimizing information loss. It does so by creating new uncorrelated variables that successively maximize variance. Finding such new variables, the principal components, reduces to solving an eigenvalue/eigenvector problem, and the new variables are defined by the dataset at hand, not
a priori
, hence making PCA an adaptive data analysis technique. It is adaptive in another sense too, since variants of the technique have been developed that are tailored to various different data types and structures. This article will begin by introducing the basic ideas of PCA, discussing what it can and cannot do. It will then describe some variants of PCA and their application.
Achieving adoption and effective usage of Web 2.0 among employees within Australian government organizations
Authors: Husin Mohd Heikal , Evans Nina , Deegan Gaye
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– Ensuring effective usage of Web 2.0 within government organisations is not as straightforward as it seems. The organisations should be aware of a number of issues when implementing Web 2.0 internally. This paper introduces a theoretical model that highlights the importance of management, technology and people issues influencing the level of Web 2.0 usage from an internal perspective. The purpose of this paper was to identify and explore these issues in a government context.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper uses a mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) analysis to identify the issues that should be focused on for achieving effective usage of Web 2.0 among government employees. A combination of interviews, surveys and usage data collected from two government organisations was used to gather the data.

Findings

– The main finding is that, a policy will act as an initial catalyst for culture change and effective usage of Web 2.0 technologies in a government environment. It was also found that it is important to develop an understanding among senior management about the motivation for their employees to utilise Web 2.0 internally. As a result, the proposed theoretical model could assist government organisations in developing effective adoption approaches through identifying their employees’ motivation to adopt Web 2.0 technologies and developing a suitable organisational social media policy.

Research limitations/implications

– There is the issue of the small number of both qualitative and quantitative respondents within the research. Such limitation is because the research relies solely on the voluntary participation of the employees. This limitation was coupled with the fact that both organisations had different security requirements that had affected the amount and level of feasible information that was accessible to the researchers.

Practical implications

– This paper extends the understanding of issues applicable to the adoption of Web 2.0 tools from a government organisations’ perspective. The developed theoretical model acts as an adoption guide for organisations to achieve effective Web2.0 tools usage. At the same time, this paper also examines related motivation aspects which higher management should consider while using a new social media or Web 2.0 platform internally.

Originality/value

– This paper highlights suitable overview approaches for organisations to consider in increasing adoption of Web 2.0 among their employees. This paper also provides an initial foray into identifying other complex issues that may exist within different government organisations in relation to internal technology usage.
Perception deception: security risks created by optimistic perceptions
Authors: Taylor Richard G. , Brice, Jr. Jeff , Robinson Sammie L.
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of the paper is to determine whether management’s optimistic perceptions of their organization’s level of information security preparedness can ultimately result in increased information security risks.

Design/methodology/approach

– A case study was conducted in a financial institution. In all, 24 employees were interviewed. These employees came from all functional areas and various positions, from tellers to executives. Interviews were conducted, internal policies and examiners’ reports were made available and access was given to observe the employees during working hours and to observe the facilities after hours.

Findings

– Executives were overly optimistic about the level of information security at their organization. These optimistic perceptions guided security priorities; however, the findings show that their perceptions were misguided leaving their organization open to increased security threats. More specifically, the results show that optimist perceptions by management can put an organization’s information at risk.

Originality/value

– The paper uses existing theory and evaluates it in a “real-world” setting. For security research, it can be difficult to get honest responses from questionnaires; however, the hands-on approach provided a deeper insight to the problem of optimistic perceptions in an organizational setting. For practitioners, the case can raise managements’ awareness of perceptional inaccuracies, resulting in more informed information security decisions and ultimately improved security for their organization.
Reforestation with Abies cephalonica Loudon: a five-year study of seedling survival
Authors: Detsis Vassilis , Efthimiou Georgios , Theodoropoulou Olga , Siorokou Stavroula
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to establish the effects on the survival of outplanted Abies cephalonica Loudon seedlings of seedling characteristics, site characteristics and management practices.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study was carried out by repeatedly monitoring survival of seedlings during a five-year period as well as establishing statistical relationships with a set of variables belonging to the aforementioned categories. It took place in plots reforested after a wildfire in the Parnitha Mt. National Park, near Athens, Greece.

Findings

– The odds of survival were found to be affected by bedrock type, dominant vegetation, initial seedling height and use of shading implements. Artificial shading was most important during the first year, site-related characteristics gained importance with increasing age and seedling height was of relatively constant importance. Shifts in temporal patterns of mortality and damage symptoms occurrence suggest that the mechanisms causing mortality changed with increasing age.

Practical implications

– The use of large seedlings in reforestation projects involving A. cephalonica should be preferred. Shading improves survival but due to the high costs this technique could be reserved for unfavorable plots, e.g. on limestone. Planting A. cephalonica in marginal sites should be avoided.

Originality/value

– The knowledge of the performance of A. cephalonica outplanted seedlings is very limited, while the need is increasing due to the spread of wildfires in this previously unaffected habitat.
Policy tools for agricultural nonpoint source water pollution control in the U.S. and E.U.
Authors: Drevno Ann
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– In the USA and Europe, agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollution continues to be among the chief impediments to achieving water quality standards. While the implementation of technology-based water pollution control tools has resulted in evident point source pollution abatement, NPSs continue to threaten surface water and groundwater. The purpose of this paper is to draw from environmental policy literature to identify regulatory tools and management approaches that specifically target agricultural NPS pollution and the factors that drive or impede their implementation and enforcement. This paper utilizes the policy tool framework to help characterize the widespread policy problem, distinguishing its unique set of hurdles from other environmental problems.

Design/methodology/approach

– Discussion of agricultural NPS pollution management approaches is based on a thorough review of relevant environmental policy and environmental economic literature as well as case studies from the USA and Europe. Analysis is based on the policy tool framework.

Findings

– This study finds that controlling numerous diffuse sources of agricultural pollution requires an integrated approach that utilizes river basin management and a mix of policy instruments. Additionally, findings suggest that transitioning from voluntary mechanisms to more effective instruments based on measurable water quality performance relies predominantly on three factors: first, more robust quality monitoring data and models; second, local participation; and third, political will.

Originality/value

– This research provides important information for regional and national policymakers in areas where there is increasing pollution and regulatory mandates. Identifying conditions of effective water quality policy is applicable and will be of direct use to agencies charged with pollution control.
Predictors of dual arrest for offenders involved in heterosexual domestic violence arrests
Authors: Roark Jennifer
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of extra-legal and legal predictors on dual arrest outcome for men and women arrested for domestic violence.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study analyzed 4,163 heterosexual domestic violence incidents over a five-year period (2002-2006). Using bivariate analyses and gender-stratified logistic regression this study: identified the variables associated with dual arrest; identified the extra-legal and legal predictors’ of dual arrest; and determined whether there were significant differences between police dispositions of women and men.

Findings

– Bivariate analyses indicated that women were more likely to be dually arrested than men. For women, logistic regression analyses indicated who contacted the police increased their likelihood of dual arrest. For men, logistic regression analysis indicated being a victim in a prior domestic violence, who used alcohol and/or drugs, who contacted the police, and seriousness of incident impacted their likelihood of being dually arrested.

Practical implications

– Results demonstrate that law enforcement officers may not be recognizing male victims of domestic violence as legitimate victims.

Originality/value

– This research is situated within the larger body of literature around women and men arrested for domestic violence and contributes to the limited literature regarding the effect of men’s prior domestic violence victimization on dual arrest outcome.
Smart policing in Frisco, Texas: geographic and temporal displacement in a micro place
Authors: Worrall John L.
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a foot patrol and citizen contact-based policing intervention in a suburb outside Dallas. Funded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance “Smart Policing” initiative, the intervention consisted of assigning a single bilingual officer to an economically disadvantaged apartment complex in the heart of the city.

Design/methodology/approach

– An examination of calls for service across several offense types was performed for the target complex, the adjacent neighborhood, and a nearby apartment complex. The aims of the study were to determine whether the intervention affected specific calls for service and geographic and/or temporal displacement/diffusion occurred.

Findings

– Two key findings emerged. First, the intervention produced several hypothesized reductions and increases in specific call types, but temporal displacement rendered those effects short-lived. Second, diffusion to surrounding areas was observed and persisted through various treatment dosages.

Practical implications

– The study provides useful information to practitioners who might seek to implement foot-patrol-based tactics in hot spots and micro-places. However, foot patrol and/or citizen contact patrol alone may not yield sustainable crime reductions in their target areas.

Originality/value

– Few recent studies have examined the efficacy of foot patrol in crime hot spots. No recent studies have evaluated citizen contact patrol within micro-places. This study sought to address both limitations.
The lethality assessment program
Authors: Messing Jill Theresa , Campbell Jacquelyn C , Ward-Lasher Allison , Brown Sheryll , Patchell Beverly , Sullivan Wilson Janet
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the differential use of the Lethality Assessment Program (LAP) – a risk-informed, collaborative police-social service intervention – across female victim-survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) in four police jurisdictions in Oklahoma.

Design/methodology/approach

– Women visited by the police during the study period participated in semi-structured telephone interviews. Logistic regression was utilized to examine what factors impacted implementation of the LAP.

Findings

– There was differential use of the intervention based on the following: jurisdiction, severe violence at the incident, perpetrator’s use of a weapon ever in the relationship, PTSD symptomology, and women’s prior protective actions and utilization of domestic violence advocacy services.

Research limitations/implications

– Future research should examine the decision-making process of survivors and police officers to better elucidate the meaning behind these statistical relationships.

Practical implications

– PTSD education should be an integral part of police training on domestic violence. In addition, officers should be trained to recognize less injurious, but also damaging, forms of IPV, such as verbal abuse and coercive control.

Social implications

– While police contact can provide accountability for the offender, the social service system is best equipped to provide safety options for the victim-survivor of violence.

Originality/value

– Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of the LAP. It is important to understand how the intervention is applied in order to better understand who is most assisted by the intervention and what training or education could be beneficial for officers providing the intervention.
An exploratory study of police cynicism in China
Authors: Chen Zheng
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to measure police cynicism in China.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using survey data collected from 382 Chinese police officers training in a Chinese police university, this research empirically described police cynicism and examined the effects of some police subcultural themes (crime fighting role orientation, traditionalism, solidarity, and isolation) and some demographic and work-related variables (gender, education experience, type of police force, and tenure) on police cynicism.

Findings

– Results suggest that most participants are not cynical. However, they seem to have less confidence in the trust and respect that citizens have for the police. Slightly more officers stated that they do not think that citizens will trust police to cooperate. Crime-fighting role orientation and isolation had significant positive associations with police cynicism. Officers with five to ten years of service were more cynical than were new officers and more tenured officers.

Originality/value

– This study is one of the first empirical attempts in Chinese policing. It extends the understanding on police perceptions in China. The findings may provide useful implications for Chinese police administrators and instructors to promote the successful implementation of community policing in China.
On the diverse outcome of communication partner training of significant others of people with aphasia: an experimental study of six cases
Authors: Eriksson Karin , Hartelius Lena , Saldert Charlotta
Published: March 2016

Background

Communication partner training (CPT) has been shown to improve the communicative environment of people with aphasia. Interaction‐focused training is one type of training that provides an individualized intervention to participants. Although shown to be effective, outcomes have mostly been evaluated in non‐experimental case studies.

Aims

The aim of the controlled experimental intervention study was to evaluate an individualized approach in a CPT programme directed to significant others of people with aphasia. Specifically the effects on conversation partners’ ability to support the person with aphasia in conversation and on the individuals with aphasias’ perception of their functional communication were explored.

Methods & Procedures

Six dyads consisting of a person with aphasia and a significant other were included in a replicated single‐subject design with multiple baselines across individuals. The intervention followed the interaction‐focused communication training programme included in Supporting Partners of People with Aphasia in Relationships and Conversation (SPARRC). The main elements of the training consisted of supervised viewing of the couples’ own video‐recorded natural interaction and the formulation of individual goals for the adaptation of particular communicative strategies. Outcome was measured via blinded ratings of filmed conversational interaction obtained once a week throughout the different phases of baseline, intervention and follow‐up. A rating scale to assess overall quality of conversation was used, taking into account both transfer of information and social aspects of conversation. Measures of perceived functional communication in the persons with aphasia were also collected from the individuals with aphasia and their conversation partners.

Outcomes & Results

The results were mixed, with two of the six participants showing small improvements in ability to support their partner with aphasia in conversation. Half the participants with aphasia and half the significant others reported improvements on perceived functional communication in the person with aphasia after intervention, but no changes were statistically significant.

Conclusions & Implications

This study adds to the growing body of research concerning CPT by pinpointing the importance of careful consideration regarding set‐up of training, suitability of participants and evaluation of outcome.
The moral economy of austerity: analysing UK welfare reform
Authors: Morris Lydia
Published: March 2016

This paper notes the contemporary emergence of ‘morality’ in both sociological argument and political rhetoric, and analyses its significance in relation to ongoing UK welfare reforms. It revisits the idea of ‘moral economy’ and identifies two strands in its contemporary application; that all economies depend on an internal moral schema, and that some external moral evaluation is desirable. UK welfare reform is analysed as an example of the former, with reference to three distinct orientations advanced in the work of Freeden (), Laclau (), and Lockwood (). In this light, the paper then considers challenges to the reform agenda, drawn from third sector and other public sources. It outlines the forms of argument present in these challenges, based respectively on rationality, legality, and morality, which together provide a basis for evaluation of the welfare reforms and for an alternative ‘moral economy’.
Transaction Cost Thresholds in International Rice Markets
Authors: Jamora Nelissa , von Cramon‐Taubadel Stephan
Published: March 2016

Recent episodes of high and volatile prices for grains such as rice have raised concerns about their implications for hunger and poverty. We model price relationships between international rice prices and 221 domestic prices in 47 developing countries that import rice. We use a threshold vector error correction model that accounts for transaction costs of trade in spatial price transmission, and an improved regularised Bayesian threshold estimator for threshold models. Our results show that threshold values are higher after 2008 than before, which suggests that transaction costs in international rice trade have increased in recent years. Threshold values are highest for Latin American countries followed by African and Asian countries, and higher for retail than for wholesale prices. Since 2008, price transmission is slower in countries that responded to high and volatile prices with domestic market‐based interventions such as price controls and faster in countries that responded by lowering tariffs and by implementing production support measures.
Post‐Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single‐Center Experience in Japan
Authors: Ishihara Hiroki , Shimizu Tomokazu , Unagami Kohei , Hirai Toshihito , Toki Daisuke , Omoto Kazuya , Okumi Masayoshi , Imai Yoichi , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Kazunari
Published: March 2016

Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is a serious complication of solid organ transplantation; however, few large studies have been performed in Asian institutions. We review our single‐center experience with post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder patients in Japan. We retrospectively evaluated patients with post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder following kidney transplantation between January 1985 and December 2013. The patients were divided into early‐onset post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (<1 year) and late‐onset post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (≥1 year) groups. Thirteen patients had the disorder, an incidence rate of 0.75% (13/1730). Early‐onset post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (N = 3) had not occurred for the last two decades. In the late‐onset group (N = 10), the median time of onset was 108.7 months. The Kaplan–Meier 10‐year overall survival rates were 76.9% and 95.4% in patients with and without the disorder, respectively (P = 0.0001). Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder significantly affected transplant recipients' mortality. Late‐onset occurred even > 10 years after transplantation; therefore, long‐term monitoring of patients is needed.