bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A thermodynamic correction to the theory of competitive chemisorption of ions at surface sites with nonelectrostatic physisorption
Authors: Parsons Drew F. , Salis Andrea
Published: July 2019

We resolve a thermodynamic inconsistency in previous theoretical descriptions of the free energy of chemisorption (charge regulation) under conditions where nonelectrostatic physisorption is included, as applied to surface forces and particle-particle interactions. We clarify the role of nonelectrostatic ion physisorption energies and show that a term previously thought to represent physisorbed ion concentrations (activities) should instead be interpreted as a “partial ion activity” based solely on the electrostatic physisorption energy and bulk concentration, or alternatively on the nonelectrostatic physisorption energy and surface concentration. Second, the chemisorption energy must be understood as the change in chemical potential after subtracting the electrostatic energy, not subtracting the physisorption energy. Consequently, a previously reported specific ion nonelectrostatic physisorption contribution to the chemisorption free energy is annulled. We also report a correction to the calculation of surface charge. The distinction in “partial ion activity” evaluated from bulk concentration or from surface concentration opens a way to study nonequilibrium forces where chemisorption is in equilibrium with physisorbed ions but not in equilibrium with bulk ions, e.g., by a jump in ion concentrations.
A p-type thermoelectric material BaCu4S3 with high electronic band degeneracy
Authors: Zong Peng-an , Kimata Kana , Li Zheng , Zhang Peng , Liang Jia , Wan Chunlei , Koumoto Kunihito
Published: July 2019

Thermoelectric materials have been considered as an alternative clean energy technology that can realize direct conversion between heat and electricity. However, few studies have focused on the underlying relationship between the bonding orbitals and physical properties, which has severely impeded the development of new thermoelectric materials with outstanding electrical properties. α-BaCu4S3 is a thermoelectric material that has a high density of states at the upper end of the valence band due to triply-degenerate Cu 3d orbitals in the CuS4 tetrahedral structure. Thus, it has a high Seebeck coefficient at the same carrier density among thermoelectric materials. α-BaCu4S3 shows a zT value of 0.22 at 750 K. A higher zT of 0.32 at 750 K was realized in BaCu3.96S3 by introducing copper vacancies. The current study provides a strategy to identify high-performance thermoelectric materials through high degeneracy of orbitals that comprise the electronic bands.
The 130–370 GHz rotational spectrum of phenyl isocyanide (C6H5NC)
Authors: Zdanovskaia Maria A. , Esselman Brian J. , Woods R. Claude , McMahon Robert J.
Published: July 2019

The analysis of phenyl isocyanide (C6H5NC, μa = 4.0 D) in its ground vibrational state and two lowest-energy excited vibrational states, ν22 (141 cm−1) and ν33 (155 cm−1), in the 130–370 GHz frequency region has been completed. Over 4500 new rotational transitions have been measured in the ground vibrational state for the most abundant isotopologue, resulting in the determination of the spectroscopic constants for a partial octic Hamiltonian with low error. The Coriolis-coupled ν22-ν33 dyad reported herein, containing over 3500 new transitions for each vibrational state, has been analyzed for the first time. The coupled-state least-squares fit utilizes seven coupling terms (Ga, GaJ, GaK, GaJJ, GaJK, Fbc, and FbcK) to address perturbation between the two vibrational states, including resonances and several nominal interstate transitions. This work results in precise determination of the energy separation between the two states, ΔE22,33 = 9.682 248(3) cm−1, and the Coriolis coupling coefficient, |ζ22,33a| = 0.858(9). The precise rotational and distortion constants determined in this work provide the foundation for an astronomical search for phenyl isocyanide across the radio band.
Sonic horizon dynamics for quantum systems with cubic-quintic-septic nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Ying , Cheng Quan , Guo Jiyuan , Wang Wei
Published: July 2019

We study the sonic horizon formation problem for quantum system incorporating septic nonlinearity, which is modeled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with nonlinearity up to septic order. Based on the F-expansion method combined with modulus-phase transformation, we derived the soliton solutions of such NLSE for the one-dimensional and three-dimensional scenarios, from which the sonic horizon formation dynamical variables are derived. We identify that the distribution of system flow velocity and sound velocity, which determine the occurrence of the sonic horizon, agree well with the corresponding quantities obtained from pure numerical evaluation, demonstrating the applicability of the theoretical approach adopted in this study.
Using a statistical model of past wildfire spread to quantify and map the likelihood of fire reaching assets and prioritise fuel treatments
Authors: Price Owen F. , Bedward Michael
Published: July 2019

We present a method to quantify and map the probability of fires reaching the vicinity of assets in a wildfire-prone region, by extending a statistical fire spread model developed on historical fire patterns in the Sydney region, Australia. It calculates the mean probability of fire spreading along sample lines around assets, weights the probability according to ignition probability and also estimates the change in spread probability that fuel reduction in treatment blocks would achieve. We have developed an R package WildfireRisk to implement the analysis and demonstrate it with two case studies in forested eastern Australia. The probability of a fire reaching the vicinity of an asset was highest in the heavily forested parts of each case study, but when weighted for ignition probability, the high probability shifted to the wildland–urban interface. Further, when weighted by asset location, high-priority areas for treatment were in blocks next to the wildland–urban interface. This method is objective, fast and based on the behaviour of real historical fires. We recommend its use in wildfire risk planning, as an adjunct to heuristic methods and simulations. Additional functionality can be incorporated into our method, for instance via a function for building impact.
Characterization of saponins and phenolic compounds: antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase in different varieties of colored quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)
Authors: Han Yameng , Chi Jianwei , Zhang Mingwei , Zhang Ruifen , Fan Sanhong , Huang Fei , Xue Kaming , Liu Lei
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the contents of saponins and phenolic compounds in relation to their antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition activity of 7 colored quinoa varieties. The total saponin content was significantly different among 7 varieties and ranged from 7.51 to 12.12 mg OAE/g DW. Darker quinoa had a higher content of phenolic compounds, as well as higher flavonoids and antioxidant activity than that of light varieties. Nine individual phenolic compounds were detected in free and bound form, with gallic acid and ferulic acid representing the major compounds. The free and bound phenolic compounds (gallic acid and ferulic acid in particular) exhibited high linear correlation with their corresponding antioxidant values. In addition, the free phenolic extracts from colored quinoa exhibited higher inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase than the bound phenolic extracts. These findings imply that colored quinoa with abundant bioactive phytochemicals could be an important natural source for preparing functional food.
Super-resolution x-ray phase-contrast and dark-field imaging with a single 2D grating and electromagnetic source stepping
Authors: Rix Kristian R , Dreier Till , Shen Tao , Bech Martin
Published: July 2019

Here we report a method for increased resolution of single exposure three modality x-ray images using super-resolution. The three x-ray image modalities are absorption-, differential phase-contrast-, and dark-field-images. To create super-resolution, a non-mechanically movable micro-focus x-ray source is used. A series of almost identical x-ray projection images is obtained while the point source is translated in a two-dimensional grid pattern. The three image modalities are extracted from fourier space using spatial harmonic analysis, also known as the single-shot method. Using super-resolution on the low-resolution series of the three modalities separately results in high-resolution images for the modalities. This approach allows to compensate for the inherent loss in resolution caused by the single-shot method without increasing the need for stability or algorithms accounting for possible motion.
Quantizing neutrino billiards: an expanded boundary integral method
Authors: Yu Pei , Dietz B , Huang L
Published: July 2019

With the pioneering fabrication of graphene the field of relativistic quantum chaos emerged. We will focus on the spectral properties of massless spin-1/2 particles confined in a bounded two-dimensional region, named neutrino billiards by Berry and Mondragon in 1987. A commonly used method for the determination of the eigenvalues is based on a boundary integral equation originating from Green’s theorem. Yet, in the quantization one might face problems similar to those occurring for non-relativistic quantum billiards. Especially in cases where the eigenvalue spectrum contains near degeneracies the identification of complete sequences of eigenvalues might be extremely elaborate, if not unfeasible. We propose an expanded boundary integral method, which yields complete eigenvalue sequences with a considerably lower numerical effort than the standard one. Actually, it corresponds to an extension of the method introduced in Vebleet al(2007New J. Phys.915) to relativistic quantum billiards. To demonstrate its validity and its superior efficiency compared to the standard method, we apply both methods to a circular billiard of which the eigenvalues are known analytically and exhibit near degeneracies. Finally, we employ it for the quantization of a neutrino billiard with a hole, of which the spectrum contains many close lying levels and exhibits unusual fluctuation properties.
Application of generalized additive models with P-Spline basis for infant mortality rate data
Authors: Ahya D , Miftahuddin
Published: July 2019

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is an indicator of health that reflects the state of the health status of a population. The infant mortality rate in Aceh province period of 2014 has the highest position compared to the previous 4 years that amounted to 15/1000 live births. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) is a method that can handle the condition of the data which response variable does not have to be normally distributed and related with the predictor variable also does not have to be linear. Fitting GAM models with P-spline base can produce a smoother curve and avoid the occurrence of misfitting models. Application of GAM P-spline bases in this research is used data number of IMR in Aceh province period of 2012-2015. The purpose of this research is to get the best fitting model of IMR with GAM models P-spline bases. The results show that the best model of GAM P-spline which can be explain IMR in Aceh Province period of 2012-2015 with knots 7 and GCV is 0,0723.
The use of bentonite of Bener Meriah Aceh to improve the mechanical properties of Polypropylene-Montmorillonite Nanocomposite
Authors: Julinawati J , Gea S , Eddiyanto E , Wirjosentono B , Ichwana I
Published: July 2019

The research on application of bentonite Bener Meriah of Aceh to improve the mechanical properties of polypropylene-montmorillonite nanocomposite has been conducted. Bentonite was isolated into the nano-sized montmorillonite and was used as a filler of polypropylene-montmorillonite nanocomposites with the addition of PP-g-MA as a compatibilizer and octadecylamine as a modifier of MMT. The results showed that bentonite of Bener Meriah Aceh contained montmorillonite with 70.6% content. Based on the result of mechanical properties test, it was ddiscovered that montmorillonite isolated from Bentonite of Bener Meriah could improve the mechanical properties of PP-MMT nanocomposite in composition ratio of PP/PP-g-MA/MMT is 85/10/5.
Comparison between maceration and microwave extraction techniques of strawberry fruit (fragaria sp) and antioxidant activity test
Authors: Fitri N , Halimatussa’diah  , Fitriastuti D
Published: July 2019

Extraction of strawberry fruit (Fragaria sp) by maceration and microwave and antioxidant activity test was studied. The objectives of this research are (1) to compare the maceration and microwave extraction techniques, and (2) to determine the antioxidant activity of strawberry fruit extract. The research steps consist of sample preparation, maceration and microwave extraction with 96% ethanol solution, phytochemical screening test and antioxidant activity test with DPPH method. The yield of extraction of 5.77%, 2.12%, 1.55% and 2.58% is achieved at 24 hours maceration and 3, 5 and 7 min microwaves, respectively. The phytochemical screening result shows that the strawberry fruit ethanol extract contains tannins, flavanoids, alkaloids, and saponins compounds. The identification result of flavanoids compounds by UV-Vis spectophotometer reveals that the strawberry fruit ethanol extract is interpreted to contain isoflavones compounds. The FTIR spectra displays the existence of specific function groups of flavanoids compound such as OH, C-O alcohol, C=C aromatic, C-H aromatic, C-H alifatic, C=O and C-O ether. Antioxidant activity test by DPPH method reveals that strawberry fruit ethanol extract at 24 h maceration and 3, 5 and 7 min microwave containing IC50 of 50.61 ppm and 67.97, 118.45 and 61.42 ppm, respectively. Moreover, LC-MS-MS analysis indicates the presence of isoflavones compounds peak i.e. formononetin and daidzin.
Sensory and physical quality assessment of Sie reuboh (Cooked Meat-an Acehnese traditional cuisine)
Authors: Hasni D , Erfiza N M , Nilda C , Faiz M
Published: July 2019

Sie reuboh is an Acehnese traditional cuisine which uses red-meat as the main protein and is prepared specifically with addition of beef tallow, traditional vinegar and blend of spices. The dish was extremely popular, has a long shelf life, exquisite and complex taste. However due to the changing in life styles and modernization, nowadays the dish hardly prepared at home and has varied of recipes. Based on previous studies, the updated recipe was formulated by varying the amount of beef tallow and vinegar as independent variables. Furthermore, this study aims to assess the physical quality (pH and cooking weight loss) and sensory attributes (color, aroma, flavor, texture). The sensory attributes were divided onto ten specific attributes, which were assessed with Qualitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that addition of beef tallow significantly affected (P≤0.01) the umami flavor of sie reuboh, whereas addition of vinegar significantly (P≤0.01) affected pH, cooking weight loss, color, meat flavor, sour flavor, tenderness and chewiness of produced sie reuboh descriptively. The sensory profiles of each treatment were also described, where the increasing amount of vinegar tend to decrease pH, prevent cooking weight loss and elevate color, tenderness and sour flavor of the product.1
Amino acid and sensory profile of Kopi Luwak (Civet Coffee)
Authors: Muzaifa M , Hasni D , Yunita D , Febriani  , Patria A , Abubakar A
Published: July 2019

Kopi luwak (civet coffee) is produced exclusively from coffee beans excreted by Indonesian palm civet or luwak (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) and relatively has a high price. The aim of this research was to identify amino acid compositions of kopi luwak (green and roasted beans), its changing forms and its correlation to sensory profile. The coffee beans of kopi luwak were collected from six locations in Gayo Highland, Aceh-Indonesia. Amino acid compositions were analyzed by LC-MS and sensory profiles were performed using a cupping test based on Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) procedures. The result showed that green and roasted beans had significant differences on their Alanine, Tyrosine, Cysteine and Arginine contents. Valine, Glutamine, Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid are considered as the main amino acids which have higher percentage in both green and roasted bean. Several amino acids are absence in green bean but presence in roasted bean or vice versa, such as alanine and arginine. Glutamic acid content was the highest among others, both in green bean and roasted bean. The sensory profile of civet coffee showed that all samples from various origins/sources were classified as specialty coffee because the obtained total score of cupping was above 80.
Online judge MySQL for learning process of database practice course
Authors: Puspitasari D , Arhandi P P , Saputra P Y , Syaifudin Y W , Himawan H A , Sholihah P A
Published: July 2019

Database course is the main courses in the department of informatics and computer science. This course aims to provide knowledge to students to build and manage data on Database Management Systems (DBMS) like MySQL. Therefore, the implementation of database processing practices in one of the DBMS such as MySQL is very important as basic skills in the field of informatics. With the growing number of informatics students, lectures cannot correct the results of student exercises quickly. For that, we need a system that can help lecturers to make corrections of query exercise on MySQL automatically, which is called Online Judge MySQL. This application was developed using NodeJS to execute queries that users input and ReactJS to build its interfaces. Testing is done by using this application for the online exam in several classes simultaneously. The results show that this application can correct the test results quickly and lightly.
Co-residence as housing strategy for Betawi families: Case study of Betawi family houses in Cengkareng, West Jakarta
Authors: Arima D H , Adianto J , Gabe R T
Published: July 2019

The number of Betawi families, known as the native tribe of Jakarta, in the capital city is decreasing due to massive urbanization. The fierce economic competition with the resilient migrants has purged them to the suburban Jakarta. In order to live in Jakarta and close to their current job locations, transforming the inherited multi-generational family house to co-residence becomes the favorable option. This paper aims to examine the co-residence as a housing strategy of Betawi families to live in Jakarta. There are certain adjustments in determining the strategy of living together, especially with a lot of relatives. Qualitative research method with in-depth interviews and longitudinal through direct observations were delivered to investigate and discover the meticulous the process of transformations throughout the years. These Betawi families have been living the residences since the 1980s, and both have numerous core family from various generation. This type of living, co-residence, need some strategies such as expanding new spaces, shared spaces and merger-separation of the clean-dirty water and electric channel. Based on the selected two houses of Betawi families in Cengkareng, West Jakarta, this paper poses the argument that co-residence is not only the housing strategy for Betawi families to live in Jakarta but also generating extra incomes to the family as it provides rent rooms for migrants.
Active waiting: Potentials of waiting area at airport
Authors: Pasaribu M T T , Arvanda E , Kusuma N R
Published: July 2019

For travellers in the airport, waiting is often associated as an unpleasant activity. One of the reasons of the perception is because waiting area is viewed as a space for uncomfortable waiting experience. Bissel explains that the experience of waiting is often conceptualised as a stasis period that bore the passenger to be passive. Regarding to this understanding, Schweizer and Gasparini try to dissect the potential of a waiting space by using active waiting concept as a lens of analysing the space. According to their concept, active waiting is where waiting is seen as an activity that has balance focus between achieving what is expected and how to have comfort when experiencing the process itself. This paper argues, by incorporating this concept to a waiting space, passengers will experience in both passenger system and a new occasional experience. This paper will observe and analyse the relation between spatial elements and the behaviour of passengers at a waiting area within an airport terminal, through the lens of active waiting concept. The experience of waiting can be achieved through three stages of habitation, which is lingering, tarrying, and the state of dwelling. The expected result from this study is to discover the potentials of waiting area at an airport. Findings from this paper may be useful for planning the airport waiting in order to create a more comfortable experience for the body and state of mind of the passengers.
Experimental study on diesel engine coupled with a catalytic converter run on dual-fuel mode using biogas produced from agricultural waste
Authors: Ambarita H
Published: July 2019

This work studied experimentally the performance and exhaust gas emission of a diesel engine coupled with a catalytic converter run on dual-fuel mode using refined biogas resulted from agricultural waste. The content of methane on the biogas is 70%. The experiments were carried out at constant load 1500 kW. The engine rotation varies from 1000 rpm to 1500 rpm. The biogas flow rate varies from 0 to 6 L/min. The output power of the engine operated on dual-fuel mode is better than the engine operated with pure diesel. The brake thermal efficiency of the diesel engine with flow rate of 2 L/min and 4 L/min is better than diesel only. The specific fuel consumption of the diesel engine operated on dual-fuel mode is higher than pure diesel mode. The opacity number of the engine operated on dual-fuel mode is better than pure diesel mode. However, the CO number and HC number of the engine operated on dual-fuel mode are higher than pure diesel mode. The diesel replacement ratio is within the range 15.6% % to 74.8%. It is recommended to run the present diesel engine in dual fuel mode with biogas flow rate 2 L/min - 4 L/min.
Effects of welding on the change of microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon steel
Authors: Husaini  , Ali N , Hamza J K , Sofyan S E
Published: July 2019

Steel construction is mostly connected by using a welding technique. The result of the welding process can cause the change of mechanical properties of the welding zone. Therefore, it needs to be reviewed to guarantee the quality of the welding zone. This research aims to assess the effect of welding on the change of microstructure and the mechanic characteristic of welded connection. Low carbon steel was welded by using Shield Metal Arc Welding method (SMAW) with electrode E7016, diameter 2,6 mm. Type of notch used was single V with angle 70° and welding position was 1G. Then, the Charpy impact test, Rockwell hardness and micro-macro structure monitoring on the welding zone including base metal, Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) and weld metal, are conducted. The results show that the highest impact toughness value at metal welding area is 251 joule/mm2, and lowest impact toughness is at the heat affected area (HAZ) is 119 joule/mm2. Hardness values of welding zones are found of about 87,6 HRB for weld metal, 73,9 HRB for HAZ zone and 67,1 HRB for the base metal. The microstructure of weld metal zone, HAZ and base metal are included on ferrite and pearlite formed by welding on low carbon steel AISI 1010 observer by using an optic microscope.
Grain-size characteristics of Aceh’s coastal deposits
Authors: Setiawan B , Antonie S , Adhiperdana B G
Published: July 2019

This study investigates the grain size characteristics and sediment types of the Aceh’s coastal deposits that are primarily based on the sieve analysis. This study is mainly driven by two reasons. Firstly, this study is a preliminary effort to identify coastal sediment in the Aceh coastal areas. Secondly, this information is important to interpret the support mechanism of sediment during transportation and depositional processes. In this study, many sediment deposits from both the east and west coasts of Aceh were collected. Laboratory sieve analysis was carried out to these samples. Then, further analysis of this sieve analysis results is carried out. The analysis reveals the past transport mechanism of this study sand deposits which is river’s channel. However, such finding should be investigated further as all the tested sand were taken at the top surface and big main rivers are not indicated at both sand locations.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Immune System Inflammation in Adults Residing on the Blackfeet Reservation: The Moderating Role of Sense of Belonging to the Community
Authors: John-Henderson Neha A , Henderson-Matthews Betty , Ollinger Scott R , Racine Jerry , Gordon Megan R , Higgins Aidan A , Horn Wil C , Reevis Sequoia A , Running Wolf Jolynn A , Grant Davida , Rynda-Apple Agnieszka
Published: July 2019

Background

Previous research documents an association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and immune system inflammation. High chronic inflammation is believed to be one biological pathway through which childhood adversity may affect health into adulthood. The Blackfeet tribal community has high rates of childhood trauma and community members are disproportionately affected by inflammatory diseases.

Purpose

To investigate whether belonging to the tribal community may moderate the relationship between childhood trauma and immune system inflammation in the Blackfeet tribal community.

Methods

In a sample of 90 adults residing on the Blackfeet reservation, we measured ACEs belonging to the tribal community and two markers of immune system inflammation, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Results

We found that independent of age, gender, annual income, body mass index, and depressive symptoms, belonging to the tribal community and ACEs interacted to predict levels of both IL-6 and CRP (B= −.37, t[81] = −3.82, p < .001, R2 change = .07 and B = −.29, t[81] = −2.75, p = .01, R2 change = .08, respectively). The association between ACEs and markers of immune system inflammation was statistically significant for community members who reported low levels of belonging to the community.

Conclusions

The findings of this study have important implications for intervention research seeking to reduce risk for inflammatory diseases for at-risk populations. Fostering stronger connections to the larger tribal community may positively affect risk for inflammatory diseases. Future work should examine the behavioral and psychosocial pathways through which stronger connections to community may confer health benefits.
Who Files for Bankruptcy? The Heterogeneous Impact of State Laws on a Household’s Bankruptcy Decision
Authors: Miller Michelle M
Published: July 2019

This article examines the heterogeneous impact of state exemption laws and state garnishment laws on bankruptcy. Using a new household-level dataset, my empirical specification simultaneously examines the impact these laws have on a household’s bankruptcy decision as well as a household’s assets and unsecured debts. I find that high exemption laws have a positive impact on bankruptcy and that this effect is increasing in assets. Additionally, I find that high garnishment rates have a positive impact on bankruptcy, which is increasing in income. Moreover, I examine the policy implications of standardizing state exemption laws and state garnishments laws. Understanding the heterogeneous effects of these laws is crucial as they suggest that a household with a given set of financial characteristics will seek bankruptcy relief if it resides in one state but will have to use alternative consumption smoothing measures if it lives in a different state.
Neuroimaging in Parkinson’s disease dementia: connecting the dots
Authors: Weil Rimona S , Hsu Joey K , Darby Ryan R , Soussand Louis , Fox Michael D
Published: July 2019

Dementia is a common and devastating symptom of Parkinson’s disease but the anatomical substrate remains unclear. Some evidence points towards hippocampal involvement but neuroimaging abnormalities have been reported throughout the brain and are largely inconsistent across studies. Here, we test whether these disparate neuroimaging findings for Parkinson’s disease dementia localize to a common brain network. We used a literature search to identify studies reporting neuroimaging correlates of Parkinson’s dementia (11 studies, 385 patients). We restricted our search to studies of brain atrophy and hypometabolism that compared Parkinson’s patients with dementia to those without cognitive involvement. We used a standard coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis to assess for consistency in the neuroimaging findings. We then used a new approach, coordinate-based network mapping, to test whether neuroimaging findings localized to a common brain network. This approach uses resting-state functional connectivity from a large cohort of normative subjects (n = 1000) to identify the network of regions connected to a reported neuroimaging coordinate. Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis failed to identify any brain regions consistently associated with Parkinson’s dementia, showing major heterogeneity across studies. In contrast, coordinate-based network mapping found that these heterogeneous neuroimaging findings localized to a specific brain network centred on the hippocampus. Next, we tested whether this network showed symptom specificity and stage specificity by performing two further analyses. We tested symptom specificity by examining studies of Parkinson’s hallucinations (9 studies, 402 patients) that are frequently co-morbid with Parkinson’s dementia. We tested for stage specificity by using studies of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (15 studies, 844 patients). Coordinate-based network mapping revealed that correlates of visual hallucinations fell within a network centred on bilateral lateral geniculate nucleus and correlates of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease fell within a network centred on posterior default mode network. In both cases, the identified networks were distinct from the hippocampal network of Parkinson’s dementia. Our results link heterogeneous neuroimaging findings in Parkinson’s dementia to a common network centred on the hippocampus. This finding was symptom and stage-specific, with implications for understanding Parkinson’s dementia and heterogeneity of neuroimaging findings in general.
Proteomics Highlights Common and Distinct Pathophysiological Processes Associated with Ileal and Colonic Ulcers in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Pierre Nicolas , Salée Catherine , Massot Charlotte , Blétard Noëlla , Mazzucchelli Gabriel , Smargiasso Nicolas , Morsa Denis , Baiwir Dominique , De Pauw Edwin , Reenaers Catherine , Van Kemseke Catherine , Loly Jean-Philippe , Delvenne Philippe , Meuwis Marie-Alice , Louis Edouard
Published: July 2019

Background and Aims

Based on genetics and natural history, Crohn’s disease can be separated into two entities, an ileal and a colonic disease. Protein-based approaches are needed to elucidate whether such subphenotypes are related to distinct pathophysiological processes.

Methods

The proteome of ulcer edges was compared with that of paired control tissue samples [n = 32 biopsies] by differential proteomics in the ileum and the colon of Crohn’s disease patients [n = 16]. The results were analysed using a hypothesis-driven approach [based on the literature] and a hypothesis-free approach [pathway enrichment analyses] to determine common and segment-specific pathophysiological processes associated with ileal and colonic CD ulcer edges. To confirm the involvement of a key pathway highlighted by proteomics, two proteins were also studied by immunochemistry.

Results

In the ileum and the colon, 4428 and 5204 proteins, respectively, were identified and quantified. Ileal and colonic ulcer edges differed in having a distinct distribution of proteins associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition, neutrophil degranulation, and ribosomes. Ileal and colonic ulcer edges were similarly characterized by an increase in the proteins implicated in the endoplasmic reticulum protein-processing pathway and a decrease in mitochondrial proteins. Immunochemistry confirmed the presence of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the mucosa of ileal and colonic ulcer edges.

Conclusion

This study provides protein-based evidence for partially distinct pathophysiological processes being associated with ileal and colonic ulcer edges in Crohn’s disease patients. This could constitute a first step toward the development of gut segment–specific diagnostic markers and therapeutics.
Effect of tree species mixing on stand structural complexity
Authors: Juchheim Julia , Ehbrecht Martin , Schall Peter , Ammer Christian , Seidel Dominik
Published: July 2019

The proportion of mixed-species forests is presently increasing since they are commonly seen as providing a higher level of many ecosystem goods and services than monospecific stands. This may be due to a more complex three-dimensional distribution pattern of plant elements, which has often been noted, but to date rarely been quantified. In the present study, we used terrestrial laser scanning data to analyze the relationship between tree species mixing and stand structural complexity in three regions of Germany. We examined 60 forest plots representing commercially important and typical species combinations for Central Europe. The results showed an increasing but saturating relationship between stand structural complexity and tree species diversity. Moreover, we found that as the proportion of broadleaved trees increased, the stand structural complexity of coniferous stands also increased. Our study provides evidence that the conversion of monospecific conifer stands into mixed forests with broadleaved tree species as well as mixing tree species with interspecific differences in physiological and morphological traits can promote the development of structurally more complex stand structures.
Increased Individual Tree Growth Maintains Stand Volume Growth after B-Level Thinning and Crop-Tree Management in Mature Oak Stands
Authors: Ward Jeffrey S , Wikle Jessica
Published: July 2019

Six study areas were established in 80–125-year-old upland oak stands on average sites to compare stand and individual tree growth response following two active treatments (B-level thinning, crop tree) with an unmanaged control. Initial stocking of 104 percent was reduced to 62 percent and 60 percent on the B-level and crop-tree-management plots, respectively. Approximately 7,200 board feet per acre (International ¼) were harvested on the actively managed plots with upland oaks accounting for 81 percent of pre- and 86 percent of residual stand. Eleven-year diameter and volume growth of oak sawtimber trees was greater on actively managed plots. Growth response increased with degree of release and was maintained for the length of the study. Because of the increased individual tree growth of oaks in response to release, stand volume growth of oak sawtimber did not differ between treatments. In contrast to an 11-year decline of poletimber stocking on unmanaged plots, poletimber stocking increased on managed plots as diameter growth increased in response to partial release. This may increase difficulty of regenerating oak in the future. For those mature red oak stands where traditional regeneration prescriptions will not be implemented or will be delayed, commercial harvests can be conducted without compromising stand volume growth of oak.
The milk-based diet of infancy and the gut microbiome
Authors: Hao Hu , Zhu Lixin , Faden Howard S
Published: July 2019

The composition and the diversity of the gut microbiome play a major role in the health and well-being of humans beginning at birth. The impact of the diet on the structure and the function of the gut microbiome is evident by the changes in the gut microbiome concurrent with the transition from human milk to solid food. Complex oligosaccharides contained in milk are essential nutrients for commensal microbes in the infant gut. The most important commensal bacterium in the infant gut, bifidobacterium, requires α1, 2 fucosylated oligosaccharides for growth. Because not all humans are able to secrete α1, 2 fucosylated oligosaccharides into milk, the gut microbiome of infants and bifidobacteria, in particular, vary considerably between ‘secretors’ and ‘non-secretors’. A paucity of α1, 2 fucosylated oligosaccharides and bifidobacteria in the gut of infants may be associated with poor health.
The Contribution of Ototoxic Medications to Hearing Loss Among Older Adults
Authors: Joo Yoonmee , Cruickshanks Karen J , Klein Barbara E K , Klein Ronald , Hong OiSaeng , Wallhagen Margaret I
Published: July 2019

Background

Ototoxicity may interact with the effects of aging, leading to a more severe hearing loss than that associated with age alone. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between ototoxic medication use and the incidence and progression of hearing loss in older adults with a population-based longitudinal study.

Methods

Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study participants (n = 3,753) were examined. Medication use was assessed using a standardized questionnaire by the examiners at each examination every 5 year. The ototoxic medications include loop diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, quinine, and acetaminophen in this study. Generalized estimating equations model was used as a proportional hazard discrete time analysis.

Results

Number of ototoxic medications was associated with the risk of developing hearing loss during the 10-year follow-up period (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06, 1.25) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and body mass index. Loop diuretics (HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.87) were associated with the 10-year incidence of hearing loss. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (HR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.22, 1.72) and loop diuretics (HR = 1.33 95% CI = 1.08, 1.63) were associated with risk of progressive hearing loss over 10 years.

Conclusion

These ototoxic medications are commonly used in older adults and should be considered as potentially modifiable contributors to the incidence and severity of age-related hearing loss.
Biomass estimates and harvest strategies for the Western Australian Octopus aff. tetricus fishery
Authors: Hart Anthony M , Murphy Dave , Hesp S Alex , Leporati Stephen
Published: July 2019

Octopus aff. tetricus is the target of Australia’s most significant octopus fishery. We utilized both fishery-independent surveys and fishery data from spatially detailed catch and effort logbooks to examine distribution and abundance across the spatial and depth ranges of the population. From this, a harvest strategy was developed to form the basis for monitoring, assessment, and management. Octopus aff. tetricus is abundant and widely distributed in Western Australia, with a biomass density range of 150–1000 kg km−2. This is comparable to Octopus vulgaris fisheries in the Mediterranean and sub-Saharan Africa. From an estimated habitat area of 20 073 km2, total biomass on the West Coast was estimated to be a minimum of 3600 tonnes whole weight with 90% certainty. At the current annual catch of 300 tonnes, overall population exploitation rate is low, given the high natural productivity of the species, which has a maximum age of 1.5 years and two recruitment pulses per year. A formal species name for O. aff. tetricus is required so its contribution to the Australian cephalopod fisheries harvest can be officially recognized.
Invariant States on Noncommutative Tori
Authors: Bambozzi Federico , Murro Simone , Pinamonti Nicola
Published: July 2019

For any number $h$ such that $\hbar :=h/2\pi $ is irrational and any skew-symmetric, non-degenerate bilinear form $\sigma :{{\mathbb{Z}}}^{2g}\times{{\mathbb{Z}}}^{2g} \to{{\mathbb{Z}}}$, let be ${{\mathcal{A}}}^h_{g,\sigma }$ be the twisted group *-algebra ${{\mathbb{C}}}[{{\mathbb{Z}}}^{2g}]$ and consider the ergodic group of *-automorphisms of ${{\mathcal{A}}}^h_{g,\sigma }$ induced by the action of the symplectic group $\textrm{Sp} \,({{\mathbb{Z}}}^{2g},\sigma )$. We show that the only $\textrm{Sp} \,({{\mathbb{Z}}}^{2g},\sigma )$-invariant state on ${{\mathcal{A}}}^h_{g,\sigma }$ is the trace state $\tau $.
Temperature Preference of Two Invasive Subterranean Termite Species and Their Hybrids (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae: Coptotermes)
Authors: Patel Jayshree S , Chouvenc Thomas , Su Nan-Yao
Published: July 2019

Temperature preference of two invasive subterranean termites, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), and their hybrids were determined in a horizontal thermal gradient. The activity of workers of four mating combinations: ♀C. gestroi × ♂C. gestroi (C. gestroi), ♀C. formosanus × ♂C. formosanus (C. formosanus), ♀C. gestroi × ♂C. formosanus (Hybrid G), and ♀C. formosanus × ♂C. gestroi (Hybrid F), when placed on the temperature gradients were videotaped and analyzed to determine the mean temperature preference values (mTPV). The temperature ranges for active termites were 21.9–39.5°C for C. gestroi, 11.1–39.5°C for C. formosanus, 25.3–38.2°C for Hybrid G, and 24.9–39.3°C for Hybrid F. There was no significant difference in the mTPV of C. gestroi and both hybrid mating combinations. The mTPV of both Hybrid G and Hybrid F was significantly higher than the parental species C. formosanus. Our results indicate that hybrid populations of C. formosanus and C. gestroi might be more active in tropical than temperate regions, and if established in temperate regions, they will be more active in summer months when the mean temperature exceeds 25°C.
Momentum and energy injection by a supernova remnant into an inhomogeneous medium
Authors: Pittard J M
Published: July 2019

We investigate the effect of mass-loading from embedded clouds on the evolution of supernova remnants and on the energy and momentum that they inject into an inhomogeneous interstellar medium. We use 1D hydrodynamical calculations and assume that the clouds are numerous enough that they can be treated in the continuous limit. The destruction of embedded clouds adds mass into the remnant, increasing its density and pressure, and decreasing its temperature. The remnant cools more quickly, is less able to do PdV work on the swept-up gas, and ultimately attains a lower final momentum (by up to a factor of two or more). We thus find that the injection of momentum is more sensitive to an inhomogeneous environment than previous work has suggested, and we provide fits to our results for the situation where the cloud mass is not limited. The behaviour of the remnant is more complex in situations where the cloud mass is finite and locally runs out. In the case of multiple supernovae in a clustered environment, later supernova explosions may encounter higher densities than previous explosions due to the prior liberation of mass from engulfed clouds. If the cloud mass is finite, later explosions may be able to create a sustained hot phase when earlier explosions have not been able to.
Radiative properties of the first galaxies: rapid transition between UV and infrared bright phases
Authors: Arata Shohei , Yajima Hidenobu , Nagamine Kentaro , Li Yuexing , Khochfar Sadegh
Published: July 2019

Recent observations have successfully detected UV-bright and infrared-bright galaxies in the epoch of reionization. However, the origin of their radiative properties has not been understood yet. Combining cosmological hydrodynamic simulations and radiative transfer calculations, we present predictions of multiwavelength radiative properties of the first galaxies at z ∼ 6–15. Using zoom-in initial conditions, we investigate three massive galaxies and their satellites in different environment and halo masses at z = 6: $M_{\rm h}= 2.4\times 10^{10}\,$, $1.6\times 10^{11}\, $, and $0.7\times 10^{12}\, {\rm M_{\odot }}$. We find that most of the gas and dust are ejected from star-forming regions by supernova feedback, which allows the UV photons to escape. We show that the peak of the spectral energy distribution (SED) rapidly changes between UV and infrared wavelengths on a time-scale of ∼ 100 Myr due to intermittent star formation and feedback, and the escape fraction of UV photons fluctuates in the range of 0.2–0.8 at z < 10 with a time-averaged value of 0.3. When dusty gas covers the star-forming regions, the galaxies become bright in the observed-frame sub-millimeter wavelengths. We predict the detectability of high-z galaxies with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). For a sensitivity limit of $0.1\, {\rm mJy}$ at $850\, {\rm \mu m}$, the detection probability of galaxies in haloes $M_{\rm h}\gtrsim 10^{11}\, \, {\rm M_{\odot }}$ at z ≲ 7 exceeds fifty per cent. We argue that supernova feedback can produce the observed diversity of SEDs for high-z galaxies.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guideline on the Management of Patients With Myelomeningocele: Whether Persistent Ventriculomegaly Adversely Impacts Neurocognitive Development
Authors: Blount Jeffrey P , Durham Susan R , Klimo Jr Paul , Assassi Nadege , Bauer David F , Beier Alexandra D , Flannery Ann Marie , McClung-Smith Catherine , Nikas Dimitrios C , Rehring Patricia , Tamber Mandeep S , Tyagi Rachana , Mazzola Catherine A
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Myelomeningocele (MM) is the most common congenital anomaly to affect the nervous system and affects 1500-2000 newborn infants per year in the United States. It is accompanied by symptomatic hydrocephalus in approximately 70%-80% of patients. Different treatment strategies for hydrocephalus characteristically result in different effects on the size of the ventricles.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this systematic review was to determine whether persistent ventricular enlargement adversely impacts neurocognitive development in patients with MM.

METHODS

The PubMed National Library of Medicine Medline database and Embase were queried using MeSH headings and keywords relevant to neurocognitive or intellectual development and ventricular size or morphology. Abstracts were reviewed by the authors to identify which studies met strict inclusion criteria. An evidence table was constructed that summarized the included studies and reflected the quality of evidence (Classes I–III) that each represented. A recommendation was made that is based on the quality of the evidence.

RESULTS

An initial abstract review utilizing strict inclusion/exclusion criteria yielded 48 studies, 9 of which underwent full-text review. There is limited and conflicting Class III evidence from 2 studies.

CONCLUSION

Currently, there is insufficient data to conclude that ventricular size and morphology impact neurocognitive development.

The full guideline can be found at https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-spina-bifida-chapter-5.