bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating instrument responsiveness in joint function: The HOOS JR, the KOOS JR, and the PROMIS PF CAT
Authors: Hung Man , Saltzman Charles L. , Greene Tom , Voss Maren W. , Bounsanga Jerry , Gu Yushan , Anderson Mike B. , Peters Christopher L. , Gililland Jeremy , Pelt Christopher E.
Published: September 2017

12345Responsiveness is the ability to detect change over time and is an important aspect of measures used to detect treatment effects. The purpose of this study was to assess the responsiveness of the HOOS JR, the KOOS JR, and the PROMIS Physical Function (PF) computerized adaptive test (CAT) in a joint reconstruction practice. 983 patients were evaluated for joint conditions between 2014 and 2017 in an orthopaedic clinic and completed the three instruments at baseline and 3 and/or 6‐month follow‐up visits. Average age was 61.03 years (SD = 12.33, Range = 18–90 years) and the majority of the patients were White (n = 875, 89.0%). Three‐month responsiveness was calculated two ways, as between 80 and 100 days and as 90 days and beyond. Six‐month responsiveness was calculated as 170–190 days and as 180 days and beyond. All changes from baseline scores were significant at the 3‐, >3‐, and >6‐month follow‐up (p < 0.05). All three measures showed large effect sizes, ranging from 0.80–1.20 at each time‐point. The standardized response mean was large for each measure and at each time‐point (Range = 1.06–1.53). This study demonstrated the responsiveness of the HOOS JR, KOOS JR, and the PROMIS PF in adult reconstruction patients. The PROMIS PF was consistently the most responsive instrument in this analysis. Clinical significance: The HOOS JR, KOOS JR, and PROMIS PF are useful clinical instruments for assessing treatment change and may be selected as relevant to the specific needs and conditions of the adult joint reconstruction patient population. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1178–1184, 2018.
The southern Norwegian Sea during the last 45 ka: hydrographical reorganizations under changing ice‐sheet dynamics
Authors: Wary Melanie , Eynaud Frederique , Rossignol Linda , Zaragosi Sebastien , Sabine Marjolaine , Castera Marie‐Helene , Billy Isabelle
Published: September 2017

The last glacial millennial Heinrich and Dansgaard–Oeschger events have been the subject of many studies in recent decades. However, significant uncertainties remain, notably regarding associated oceanic mechanisms. Here we investigate the evolution of hydrographical conditions in the 3–41 ka cal BP interval of core MD99‐2285 located in the southern Norwegian Sea. Our results reveal an unusual scheme with: (i) warm Greenland interstadials marked by a relatively cold and homogeneous upper water column seasonally ice‐covered and active deep water formation, (ii) cold Greenland and Heinrich stadials marked by a warm, low‐salinity and nearly sea ice‐free surface layer with iceberg calving, separated by a strong halocline from a colder and saltier subsurface layer, as well as strongly reduced deep convection, and (iii) close to modern Holocene oceanic conditions, but showing significant differences from interstadial conditions. Hence, our work strongly suggests different deep‐water convection modes in the Nordic Seas, with, notably, interstadial deep water formation mainly forced by brine release. According to our results, the transition from the glacial mode of deep water formation to the modern open ocean convection mode might have occurred at the end of deglaciation/beginning of the Holocene, when both modes probably occurred.
Extraluminal biodegradable splint to treat upper airway anterior malacia: A preclinical proof of principle
Authors: Gorostidi François , Courbon Cécile , Burki Marco , Reinhard Antoine , Sandu Kishore
Published: September 2017

Objective

Upper airway malacia highly complicates the treatment of benign laryngotracheal stenosis, and no ideal option is available to date. We here explore the use of extraluminal biodegradable splints in an animal model of long‐segment anterior tracheomalacia (TM). We show the efficacy, as well as the tissue tolerance, of a custom‐made biodegradable extraluminal device surgically inserted around the trachea.

Study Design

Preclinical animal study.

Methods

Anterior TM was induced in rabbits through an anterior neck approach by removing eight consecutive anterior tracheal rings without damaging the underlying mucosa. Malacia was corrected during the same surgery by pexy sutures, suspending the tracheal mucosa to an experimental biodegradable device. Symptoms, survival, and tissue reaction were compared to healthy and sham surgery controls.

Results

The model induced death by respiratory failure within minutes. Ten animals received the experimental treatment, and those who survived the perioperative period remained asymptomatic with a maximum follow‐up of 221 days. Histological studies at programmed euthanasia showed complete degradation of the prosthesis, with significant remnant fibrosis around the trachea. However, the tracheal stiffness of test segments was comparatively less than that of control segments.

Conclusion

Extraluminal biodegradable splints rescued animals with a condition otherwise incompatible with life. It was well tolerated, leaving peritracheal fibrosis that was not as stiff as normal trachea. The external tracheal stiffening was sufficient for the test animals to live through the phase of severe acute hypercollapsibility. This represents a valid option to help pediatric patients with laryngotracheal stenosis and associated cartilaginous airway malacia.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 128:E53–E58, 2018
Water column and sediment stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of permanently redox‐stratified Fayetteville Green Lake, New York, U.S.A.
Authors: Havig Jeff R. , Hamilton Trinity L. , McCormick Michael , McClure Brianna , Sowers Todd , Wegter Bruce , Kump Lee R.
Published: September 2017

Carbon cycling in natural ecosystems is a biologically mediated process with global consequences. Recent work has revealed the important role that lakes play in the global carbon cycle, suggesting organic carbon burial in small lakes and reservoirs matching and even surpassing that of the world's oceans. While much is known regarding biogeochemical cycling of carbon in the water column and underlying sediments of freshwater and marine systems, less is known about permanently redox‐stratified water bodies. The modern ocean is fully oxygenated, however, the ocean is thought to have been redox‐stratified throughout much of Earth's history, and seasonal redox‐stratification is an increasing problem in many freshwater systems due to eutrophication driven by human land usage and warming resulting from global climate change. To better understand carbon signals preserved in the rock record from times of ocean redox‐stratification as well as the effects of increasing redox‐stratification on carbon cycling in modern freshwater systems, we have characterized the concentration and stable isotopic signal of inorganic and organic carbon in permanently redox‐stratified Fayetteville Green Lake (FGL), New York. The results of these analyses indicate that: (1) groundwater is the primary source of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) at FGL; (2) organic carbon is extensively cycled within the water column and upper sediments resulting in an increasingly isotopically depleted DIC pool; (3) cyanobacteria‐driven carbonate precipitation in the oxic zone is the primary source of carbonate in the sediments; (4) methane concentrations increase below the chemocline with extremely negative δ13C values (−99.1‰ to −102.3‰).
Denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in an East African Great Lake (Lake Kivu)
Authors: Roland Fleur A. E. , Darchambeau François , Borges Alberto V. , Morana Cédric , De Brabandere Loreto , Thamdrup Bo , Crowe Sean A.
Published: September 2017

We investigated anaerobic nitrogen (N) cycling in the water column of Lake Kivu, a deep meromictic tropical lake in East Africa. Data were collected at one station in the Northern Basin and one in the Southern Basin, during two sampling campaigns (June 2011—dry season, and February 2012—rainy season). Short‐term incubations of sulfide‐free water with 15N‐labeled substrates revealed high potential denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates (up to 350 and 36 nmol N produced L−1 h−1, respectively), while anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was lower (up to 3.3 nmol N produced L−1 h−1). However, anammox rates were 15 nmol N produced L−1 h−1 when 15
was added at depths where
concentrations were very low (< 1 μmol L−1). With the addition of 5 μmol L−1 of 15
and 10 μmol L−1 of H2S, denitrification and anammox were stimulated in the Northern Basin, while the increase of DNRA rates was less notable. In the Southern Basin, the addition of H2S decreased denitrification rates, probably because of competition with DNRA, which increased, while no effect was observed on anammox. This study puts into evidence the co‐occurrence of denitrification, anammox and DNRA, for the first time in a great tropical lake, and underlines the spatial heterogeneity of these processes. Contrary to numerous reports in literature, we show that anammox can significantly occur in presence of H2S, suggesting that the contribution of anammox in the N cycle may be underestimated.
Stable isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in Canada's eastern coastal waters
Authors: Barber Andrew , Sirois Maude , Chaillou Gwénaëlle , Gélinas Yves
Published: September 2017

The application of carbon stable isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon (δ13C‐DOC) from natural seawater has been limited owing to the inherent difficulty of such analysis, with order of magnitude differences in interfering ions and analyte concentrations. High temperature catalytic oxidation allows for the attenuation of these interferences by precipitation of inorganic ions on quartz chips upstream from the oxidation catalyst. Using a chemical trap, the OI 1030C combustion DOC analyzer unit can be coupled to an IRMS, allowing for the analysis of low DOC content saline waters with relatively high throughput. The analytical limitations and large water volumes traditionally required for these types of analyses have prevented any large‐scale δ13C‐DOC studies. Here, we present δ13C‐DOC signatures for surface and bottom waters obtained along Canada's East Coast. Included in the study are samples from the Esquiman channel (between Newfoundland and Labrador), Lake Melville, the Saglek and Nachvak Fjords, the Hudson Strait and finally covering the salinity gradient across the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf. Measured δ13C‐DOC signatures ranged from predominantly marine values of −19.9 ± 0.3‰ (vs. VPDB) off the coast of Newfoundland to predominantly terrestrial signatures of −26.9 ± 0.1‰ in Lake Melville. We observed a large spread in δ13C‐DOC signatures for samples with a salinity of ≈ 35 between −19.9‰ and −23.3‰ demonstrating the difficulty associated to selecting a marine end‐member to be used in stable isotope mixing models to determine the fate of organic matter along the freshwater‐marine continuum.
A self‐cleaning biological filter: How appendicularians mechanically control particle adhesion and removal
Authors: Conley Keats R. , Gemmell Brad J. , Bouquet Jean‐Marie , Thompson Eric M. , Sutherland Kelly R.
Published: September 2017

Appendicularians are ubiquitous marine grazers that use tangential filtration to collect micron and submicron prey. The food‐concentrating filter (FCF) is the primary determinant of appendicularian prey selectivity, but the precise means by which it concentrates and conveys particles to the pharyngeal filter remain poorly understood. We used high‐speed videography to examine the mechanics of the FCF ofOikopleura dioicawith high resolution to better understand how filter structure, hydrodynamics, and animal behavior affect feeding selectivity. We observed that filtration occurs through the process of serial adhesion and detachment of particles, and in this respect, differs from an industrial tangential filtration system. We demonstrate how filter elasticity and the hydrodynamics of pulsatile flow caused by the kinematics of the animal's tail contribute to the filter's self‐cleaning abilities. We present experimental observations showing that smaller particles (3 μm) adhere significantly more to the filter than larger ones (10 μm), but that, overall adhesion is quite low for an array of particle sizes (3–20 μm). This study provides a mechanistic basis for predicting the effects of appendicularian grazing on particle size spectra in the upper ocean.
Chalcogen‐Atom‐Annulated Perylene Diimide Trimers for Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Yuwei , Xu Xiaopeng , Li Ying , Li Zuojia , Peng Qiang
Published: September 2017

This communication reports the synthesis of two novel chalcogen‐atom‐annulated perylene diimide (PDI) trimers with twisted structures, TriPDI‐S and TriPDI‐Se, for efficient nonfullerene polymer solar cells. TriPDI‐Se exhibits more compact molecular arrangement due to the stronger intermolecular interactions induced by the selenium atom. This selenium annulation endows TriPDI‐Se with improved absorption and crystallinity in its blend film. The resulting devices exhibit enhanced Jsc of 17.15 mA cm−2 and fill factor (FF) of 66.8%, which are much higher than those of TriPDI‐S devices (Jsc = 16.71 mA cm−2; FF = 63.6%). Although TriPDI‐Se exhibits lower‐lying energy levels, TriPDI‐Se devices still obtain a higher Voc of 0.77 V compared to TriPDI‐S devices (Voc = 0.74 V), which is mainly originated from the reduced recombination in the related devices. Finally, the power conversion efficiency is significantly elevated from 7.86% for TriPDI‐S devices to 8.82% for TriPDI‐Se devices.
The Lactococcus lactis KF147 nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase system confers resistance to oxidative stress during growth on plant leaf tissue lysate
Authors: Golomb Benjamin L. , Yu Annabelle O. , Coates Laurynne C. , Marco Maria L.
Published: September 2017

Strains of Lactococcus lactis isolated from plant tissues possess adaptations that support their survival and growth in plant‐associated microbial habitats. We previously demonstrated that genes coding for a hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase (NRPS/PKS) system involved in production of an uncharacterized secondary metabolite are specifically induced in L. lactis KF147 during growth on plant tissues. Notably, this NRPS/PKS has only been identified in plant‐isolated strains of L. lactis. Here, we show that the L. lactis KF147 NRPS/PKS genes have homologs in certain Streptococcus mutans isolates and the genetic organization of the NRPS/PKS locus is conserved among L. lactis strains. Using an L. lactis KF147 mutant deficient in synthesis of NrpC, a 4′‐phosphopantetheinyl transferase, we found that the NRPS/PKS system improves L. lactis during growth under oxidative conditions in Arapidopsis thaliana leaf lysate. The NRPS/PKS system also improves tolerance of L. lactis to reactive oxygen species and specifically H2O2 and superoxide radicals in culture medium. These findings indicate that this secondary metabolite provides a novel mechanism for reactive oxygen species detoxification not previously known for this species.
The Kontorovich‐Lebedev transform and its associated pseudodifferential operator
Authors: Prasad Akhilesh , Mandal Upain Kumar
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we obtained some useful estimates for convolution corresponding to Kontorovich‐Lebedev transform (KL‐transform) in Lebesgue space. Some continuity theorems for translation, convolution, and KL‐transform in test function space
are discussed. Then an integral representation of pseudodifferential operator involving KL‐transform is found out, and its estimates in Lebesgue space is obtained. At the end, some applications of KL‐transform and its convolution are discussed.
Junctions between two plates and a family of beams
Authors: Griso G. , Merzougui L.
Published: September 2017

The aim of this paper was to study the junction between a periodic family of beams and two thin plates. This structure depends on 3 small parameters. We use the decompositions of the displacement fields in every beam and plate to obtain a priori estimates. Then in the case for which the displacements of both plates match, we derive the asymptotic behavior of this structure.
Global strong solutions for nonhomogeneous heat conducting Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Zhong Xin
Published: September 2017

We study the Cauchy problem of the 3‐dimensional nonhomogeneous heat conducting Navier‐Stokes equations with nonnegative density. First of all, we show that for the initial density allowing vacuum, the strong solution to the problem exists globally if the velocity satisfies the Serrin's condition. Then, under some smallness condition, we prove that there is a unique global strong solution to the 3D viscous nonhomogeneous heat conducting Navier‐Stokes flows. Our method relies upon the delicate energy estimates.
An optimized framework for quantitative magnetization transfer imaging of the cervical spinal cord in vivo
Authors: Battiston Marco , Grussu Francesco , Ianus Andrada , Schneider Torben , Prados Ferran , Fairney James , Ourselin Sebastien , Alexander Daniel C. , Cercignani Mara , Gandini Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia A.M. , Samson Rebecca S.
Published: September 2017

Purpose

To develop a framework to fully characterize quantitative magnetization transfer indices in the human cervical cord in vivo within a clinically feasible time.

Methods

A dedicated spinal cord imaging protocol for quantitative magnetization transfer was developed using a reduced field‐of‐view approach with echo planar imaging (EPI) readout. Sequence parameters were optimized based in the Cramer‐Rao‐lower bound. Quantitative model parameters (i.e., bound pool fraction, free and bound pool transverse relaxation times [
,
], and forward exchange rate [kFB]) were estimated implementing a numerical model capable of dealing with the novelties of the sequence adopted. The framework was tested on five healthy subjects.

Results

Cramer‐Rao‐lower bound minimization produces optimal sampling schemes without requiring the establishment of a steady‐state MT effect. The proposed framework allows quantitative voxel‐wise estimation of model parameters at the resolution typically used for spinal cord imaging (i.e. 0.75 × 0.75 × 5 mm3), with a protocol duration of ∼35 min. Quantitative magnetization transfer parametric maps agree with literature values. Whole‐cord mean values are: bound pool fraction = 0.11(±0.01),
 = 46.5(±1.6) ms,
 = 11.0(±0.2) µs, and kFB = 1.95(±0.06) Hz. Protocol optimization has a beneficial effect on reproducibility, especially for
and kFB.

Conclusion

The framework developed enables robust characterization of spinal cord microstructure in vivo using qMT. Magn Reson Med 79:2576–2588, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Validation of highly accelerated real‐time cardiac cine MRI with radial k‐space sampling and compressed sensing in patients at 1.5T and 3T
Authors: Haji‐Valizadeh Hassan , Rahsepar Amir A. , Collins Jeremy D. , Bassett Elwin , Isakova Tamara , Block Tobias , Adluru Ganesh , DiBella Edward V. R. , Lee Daniel C. , Carr James C. , Kim Daniel ,   The CKD Optimal Management with Binders and NicotinamidE (COMBINE) Study Group
Published: September 2017

Purpose

To validate an optimal 12‐fold accelerated real‐time cine MRI pulse sequence with radial k‐space sampling and compressed sensing (CS) in patients at 1.5T and 3T.

Methods

We used two strategies to reduce image artifacts arising from gradient delays and eddy currents in radial k‐space sampling with balanced steady‐state free precession readout. We validated this pulse sequence against a standard breath‐hold cine sequence in two patient cohorts: a myocardial infarction (n = 16) group at 1.5T and chronic kidney disease group (n = 18) at 3T. Two readers independently performed visual analysis of 68 cine sets in four categories (myocardial definition, temporal fidelity, artifact, noise) on a 5‐point Likert scale (1 = nondiagnostic, 2 = poor, 3 = adequate or moderate, 4 = good, 5 = excellent). Another reader calculated left ventricular (LV) functional parameters, including ejection fraction.

Results

Compared with standard cine, real‐time cine produced nonsignificantly different visually assessed scores, except for the following categories: 1) temporal fidelity scores were significantly lower (P = 0.013) for real‐time cine at both field strengths, 2) artifacts scores were significantly higher (P = 0.013) for real‐time cine at both field strengths, and 3) noise scores were significantly (P = 0.013) higher for real‐time cine at 1.5T. Standard and real‐time cine pulse sequences produced LV functional parameters that were in good agreement (e.g., absolute mean difference in ejection fraction <4%).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that an optimal 12‐fold, accelerated, real‐time cine MRI pulse sequence using radial k‐space sampling and CS produces good to excellent visual scores and relatively accurate LV functional parameters in patients at 1.5T and 3T. Magn Reson Med 79:2745–2751, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Hepatoblastoma in children aged less than six months at diagnosis: A report from the SIOPEL group
Authors: Dall'Igna Patrizia , Brugieres Laurence , Christin Anne Sanlaville , Maibach Rudolf , Casanova Michela , Alaggio Rita , de Goyet Jean de Ville , Zsiros Jozsef , Morland Bruce , Czauderna Piotr , Childs Margaret , Aronson Daniel C. , Branchereau Sophie , Brock Penelope , Perilongo Giorgio
Published: September 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics, treatment, and survival of children, who were diagnosed with hepatoblastoma (HB) in their first 6 months of age, enrolled in the SIOPEL 2 and 3 protocols.

Methods

Seventy‐nine patients, treated between 1994 and 2006, were analyzed after stratification into three age groups: <1 month, between 1 and 3 months, and between 3 and 6 months. All received preoperative chemotherapy.

Results

Clinical characteristics were similar in both trials: 4 patients had pulmonary metastases at diagnosis, 4 had α‐fetoprotein <100 ng/ml, 68 were operated by partial hepatectomy, and 7 received liver transplant. Chemotherapy courses were delayed in 8.5%, 8.4%, and 11.8% of cycles in the three groups. Doses were calculated according to weight for children <5 and 5–10 kg, and further reduced in 18.1%, 6.8%, and 5.9% of cycles. Acute toxicity was manageable. Long‐term hearing loss was the major problem at follow‐up occurring in two‐thirds of children. Ten patients experienced progression or relapse, and 5 of 10 died. After a median follow‐up of 5.6 years, the 5‐year overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) were 91% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84–96%) and 87% (95% CI: 78–92%), respectively.

Conclusions

The 5‐year OS and EFS of children <6 months of age affected by HB seem to be similar to those documented in the elder children. Dose reduction does not seem to jeopardize the long‐term outcome and may explain the lower toxicity profile. Ototoxicity though appears as high as in the whole population of SIOPEL 2 and 3. The treatment for these children should be further explored in international studies, particularly focusing on prevention of hearing loss.
Analysis of infantile fibrosarcoma reveals extensive T‐cell responses within tumors: Implications for immunotherapy
Authors: Zhu Hua , Gu Song , Yin Minzhi , Shi Min , Xin Chao , Zhu Jianmin , Wang Jing , Huang Siqi , Xie Chenjie , Ma Jing , Pan Ci , Tang Jingyan , Xu Min , Bai Xue‐Feng
Published: September 2017

Background

Infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS) is a rare pediatric malignancy with relatively good prognosis, but the risk of progression or recurrence after therapy exists. To understand the immune microenvironment of IFS and determine if immunotherapy is a potential treatment, we analyzed T‐cell responses in IFS tumors.

Procedure

IFS tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and multicolor flow cytometry to characterize immune cell infiltration and function. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were expanded in vitro and evaluated for recognition of autologous tumor cells. Real‐time PCR was applied to evaluate tumor expression of chemokines/cytokines and tumor antigens.

Results

Significant infiltration of both CD4+and CD8+T cells was found in seven of 10 IFS but rarely found in age‐ and sex‐matched rhabdomyosarcoma tumors. The TILs from recurrent IFS tumors expressed high levels of costimulatory molecules such as CD28, 4‐1BB, and OX40, but little or no coinhibitory molecules such as PD‐1 and CTLA4, Tim3, Lag3, and CD39. Upon activation, large portions of TILs produced IFN‐γ and TNF‐α. Eighteen out of 40 T cell lines generated from surgically removed tumors could recognize autologous tumor cells. Moreover, we found that IFS tumors expressed high levels of T‐cell chemokines such as CXCL10 and CXCL16, and also classic tumor antigens such as CTAG2, GAGE, and NY‐ESO‐1, whose expression could be further enhanced by treatment with epigenetic modulator decitabine.

Conclusions

IFS tumors are highly immunogenic and expansion of TILs followed by adoptive cell transfer could be a potential immunotherapy for IFS patients undergoing tumor recurrence.
Early blood stream infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a risk factor for acute grade III–IV GVHD in children and adolescents
Authors: Sano Hirozumi , Hilinski Joseph A. , Qayed Muna , Applegate Kristy , Newton Joanna G. , Watkins Benjamin , Chiang Kuang‐Yueh , Horan John
Published: September 2017

Background

Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In adults, early blood stream infection (BSI) and acute GVHD (AGVHD) have been reported to be related. The impact of BSI on risk for AGVHD, however, has not been assessed in pediatric patients.

Procedure

We conducted a retrospective analysis to test the hypothesis that early BSI (before day +30) predisposes allogeneic pediatric transplant patients to severe AGVHD. We analyzed 293 allogeneic HSCT performed at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta between 2005 and 2014 that met eligibility criteria.

Results

The cumulative incidence of acute grade III–IV GVHD at 100 days after HSCT was 17.1%. In multivariate analysis, risk for acute grade III–IV GVHD was associated with HLA‐mismatched donor (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.870, P < 0.001), and BSI between day 0 and +30 prior to AGVHD (HR = 3.010, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

These results indicate that early BSI appears to be a risk factor for acute grade III–IV GVHD. Further research is needed to determine if the link is causal.
Comprehensive genetic analysis of donor cell derived leukemia with KMT2A rearrangement
Authors: Taniguchi Rieko , Muramatsu Hideki , Okuno Yusuke , Suzuki Kyogo , Obu Satoshi , Nakatochi Masahiro , Shimamura Teppei , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Horikoshi Yasuo , Watanabe Kenichiro , Kojima Seiji
Published: September 2017

Background

Donor cell leukemia (DCL) occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Several mechanisms, including occult leukemic/preleukemic subclones in the donor graft and germline predisposition to leukemia, are proposed to be associated with DCL's molecular pathogenesis. We report a comprehensive genetic analysis of a patient with KMT2A‐rearranged DCL after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for refractory cytopenia of childhood.

Procedure

We performed a whole‐exome sequencing of the recipient's peripheral blood before transplant and the donor's peripheral blood and the recipient's bone marrow at the time of DCL diagnosis. RNA sequencing was also performed to detect fusion genes in DCL blasts.

Results

There were no germline mutations that were associated with a predisposition to leukemia in the recipient and donor. Furthermore, there were no detectable somatic alterations except KMT2A‐MLLT10 and other related gene fusions in DCL. KMT2A‐MLLT10 was not detectable in the donor's bone marrow.

Conclusion

We propose a novel pattern of the molecular pathogenesis of DCL solely involving a genetic mutation acquired after transplant with no identifiable genetic factor related to the donor and recipient.
Blinatumomab activity in a patient with Down syndrome B‐precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wadhwa Aman , Kutny Matthew A. , Xavier Ana C.
Published: September 2017

Persistent minimal residual disease (MRD) after consolidation may indicate chemotherapy insensitivity in B‐precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BP‐ALL). Given the strong association of MRD and outcome in non‐Down syndrome (non‐DS) BP‐ALL, it is likely that MRD levels are also of prognostic significance in DS BP‐ALL. We report here the successful use of blinatumomab, a bispecific T‐cell engager antibody construct, in a patient with DS BP‐ALL and persistent MRD at the end of consolidation. Blinatumomab has been shown to have excellent results in patients with relapsed/refractory BP‐ALL. This patient had no significant toxicity and achieved MRD negativity after only one cycle of blinatumomab.
Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcement in biodegradable polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Ferreira F.V. , Pinheiro I.F. , Gouveia R.F. , Thim G.P. , Lona L.M.F.
Published: September 2017

This review describes the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as fillers in biodegradable polymer matrices over the past few years. The preparation and characterization of CNC‐based nanocomposites are highlighted here with a focus on thermophysical and mechanical properties. The characterization and isolation of nanocellulose from different raw material sources are discussed in detail, as well as different surface modifications. The addition of CNC in biodegradable polymer, combined with nanocellulose surface engineering and driven by sustainability trends, has the potential to impact various industrial sectors. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E9–E29, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Down syndrome maternal serum markers in oocyte donation and other assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Bonnin Aurore , Muller Françoise , Senat Marie‐Victoire , Sault Corinne , Galland Armelle , Taieb Joëlle , Dreux Sophie , Bouyer Jean , Benachi Alexandra
Published: September 2017

Objective

Because maternal serum markers (pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A, human chorionic gonadotropin free β subunit, and alpha‐fetoprotein) used for Down syndrome (DS) screening have been described as predictors of obstetrical complications and because assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnancies are known to be at increased risk for obstetrical complications, it is unclear whether or not correction factors should be applied to the calculated risk of DS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate DS maternal serum markers in oocyte donation (OD) and ART pregnancies in comparison with natural pregnancies.

Method

Multicenter retrospective 2010 to 2013 study in singleton pregnancies was used. First‐ and second‐trimester DS screenings in 614 OD and 1921 ART pregnancies versus 7268 natural pregnancies are compared.

Results

There was a significant increase in hCGβ in the OD group for both trimesters (first trimester: 1.28 MoM vs 1.02;P < .001 and second trimester: 1.32 MoM vs 1 MoM;P < .001). Pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A was significantly lower in the ART group (0.92 and 1.02 MoMP < .001).

Conclusion

Maternal serum markers for DS screening are significantly modified in ART and OD pregnancies. Because these markers are also markers for obstetrical complications, the rationale for applying correction factors is questionable.
Shape memory polymers with interconnected nanopores and high mechanical strength
Authors: Yang Qiucheng , Ye Cuicui , Zhao Jingxin , Chen Depei , Weng Biwei , You Jichun , Li Yongjin
Published: September 2017

The fabrication of shape memory polymers with both interconnected nanopores and high mechanical strength is challenging. In this work, porous shape memory polymers (PSMPs) were prepared based on the combination of crystallization and phase separation in a ternary blend of poly(l‐lactic acid)/polyvinyl acetate/poly(ethylene oxide) (i.e., PLLA/PVAc/PEO). The phase separation between the PLLA and PVAc/PEO resulted in bicontinuous structures in microscale including a PLLA‐rich phase and a mixed PVAc/PEO phase. On one hand, the continuous PLLA‐rich phase contributed to the high mechanical strength and shape memory performance, in which tiny crystals and amorphous matrix of PLLA act as the shape fixed phase and reversible phase, respectively. On the other hand, the crystallization of PEO in the miscible PVAc/PEO blend produced submicrometer bicontinuous structures. The interconnected nanopores have been obtained by selective etching of the PEO. Our strategy opens a new avenue for fabricating PSMPs with both interpenetrated channels and high strength. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 125–130
A Facile Method for Self‐Organized Texturing of Iron‐Filled Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Peci Taze , Baxendale Mark
Published: September 2017

A facile chemical vapor deposition‐based method for the texturing of substrate‐supported iron‐filled multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays is reported. The method is based on the interplay of temperature gradients and modulated vapor flow that produces annular height variation and a vertical‐array‐to‐spherulitic morphological transformation in experimental conditions, which result in uniform, close‐packed arrays of constant height in an unmodulated vapor flow. These observations are proposed to result from creation of stationary cells of feedstock vapor above the growth front.
Carbon Nanotube Based Schottky Diodes as Uncooled Terahertz Radiation Detectors
Authors: Fedorov Georgy , Gayduchenko Igor , Titova Nadezhda , Gazaliev Arsen , Moskotin Maxim , Kaurova Natalia , Voronov Boris , Goltsman Gregory
Published: September 2017

Despite the intensive development of the terahertz technologies in the last decade, there is still a shortage of efficient room‐temperature radiation detectors. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as a very promising material possessing many of the features peculiar for graphene (suppression of backscattering, high mobility, etc.) combined with a bandgap in the carrier spectrum. In this paper, we investigate the possibility to incorporate individual CNTs into devices that are similar to Schottky diodes. The latter is currently used to detect radiation with a frequency up to 50 GHz. We report results obtained with semiconducting (bandgap of about 0.5 eV) and quasi‐metallic (bandgap of few meV) single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Semiconducting CNTs show better performance up to 300 GHz with responsivity up to 100 V W−1, while quasi‐metallic CNTs are shown to operate up to 2.5 THz.
Formation of Nanoscale Structures on Chalcogenide Films
Authors: Kryuchyn Andriy A. , Petrov Vyacheslav V. , Rubish Vasiliy M. , Trunov Mikhail L. , Lytvyn Petro M. , Kostyukevich Sergiy A.
Published: September 2017

Thin films of chalcogenide vitreous semiconductors are characterized by a much higher resolving power than that of conventional optical focusing systems. The key interest is focused on the formation of elements with sizes significantly less than the values determined by the light diffraction limit. This process can be realized by using the nonlinear exposure characteristics of chalcogenide glass semiconductor films and a modification of their structure for the localization of exposing light to dimensions below the diffraction‐limited area. Appropriate conditions can be created by using the excitation of the plasmon resonance in nanoparticles of noble metals embedded into the chalcogenide glass semiconductor matrix. Near‐field methods of exposure by optical radiation open wide opportunities to produce nanoscale structures on the surface of chalcogenide glass semiconductors. The base limitation for the use of these systems is a low optical transmission, which leads to a slow exposure (∼100 μm per second). The transmission of near‐field probes can be sufficiently increased by fabricating these probes in the form of microstrip structures.
Mediastinal peripheral T‐cell lymphoma diagnosed by repeated biopsies after an initial diagnosis of fibrosing mediastinitis
Authors: Kakuta Naoko , Sumitani Mitsuhiro , Sugitani Arata , Nakahama Kenji , Miki Yuzo , Syoji Seichi
Published: September 2017

We report a case of mediastinal peripheral T‐cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS) diagnosed by repeated biopsies. A 44‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with a 2‐week history of facial swelling, neck distension, and dyspnoea on exertion. Computed tomography of the chest showed a mediastinal mass. Initial needle biopsy and video‐assisted thoracoscopic biopsy revealed the pathological diagnosis of fibrosing mediastinitis (FM). Glucocorticoid therapy (prednisolone) was temporarily effective in reducing tumour size. However, other laboratory features suggested that the diagnosis of FM might not be correct. After repeated biopsies, we established the diagnosis of mediastinal PTCL‐NOS. With this correct diagnosis, appropriate therapy for PTCL resulted in the improvement of the clinical manifestations. This report suggests that the presence of malignant lymphoma should be considered in cases of mediastinal tumours, and repeated biopsies may be occasionally needed for consistent diagnosis.
Intra‐follicular kisspeptin levels are related to oocyte maturation and gonadal hormones in patients who are undergoing assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Taniguchi Yuka , Kuwahara Akira , Tachibana Ayaka , Yano Yuya , Yano Kiyohito , Yamamoto Yuri , Yamasaki Mikio , Iwasa Takeshi , Hinokio Kenji , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Irahara Minoru
Published: September 2017

Purpose

To assess the kisspeptin concentrations in follicular fluid and their relationship with clinical outcomes during assisted reproductive technology.

Methods

Thirty‐nine patients who were aged 24‐40 years and underwent oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection participated in this study. In 65 follicular fluid samples that had been obtained from 30 patients and their blood samples, the kisspeptin levels were measured in order to investigate the correlations with their gonadal hormone levels. Venous blood samples were collected from 14 patients to investigate their plasma kisspeptin levels across different phases of assisted reproductive technology.

Results

The follicular fluid kisspeptin level was significantly higher than that of the plasma level and was positively associated with the follicular fluid estradiol concentration and with the serum estradiol and number of mature oocytes. In the plasma, the maximum concentration of kisspeptin was observed on the day of ovum pick‐up and on the day of embryo transfer during ovarian stimulation for assisted reproductive technology.

Conclusion

Kisspeptin was present in the follicular fluid and the plasma kisspeptin concentration was affected by ovarian stimulation. Kisspeptin appears to affect oocyte maturation and ovulation.
Thieno[3, 2‐b]thiophene‐Based Discotic Liquid Crystal Mesogens: Rational Synthesis, Physical Properties and Self‐Assembly
Authors: Tian Daxiong , Zhou Yanxiang , Li Zhaoning , Liu Shuli , Shao Jiawei , Yang Xue , Shao Jinjun , Huang Wei , Zhao Baomin
Published: September 2017

The straightforward synthesis of rigid fused thienoacenes through FeCl3 mediated Scholl cylcodehydrogenation by utilizing thieno[3, 2‐b]thiophene as core and alkylthiophenes (alkyloxylphenyls) as arms is described. Their thermal behaviours were studied by different techniques such as thermo‐gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Their self‐assembly properties were systematically investigated by variable concentration NMR, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. These new discotic mesogens have very good thermal stability and display thermo‐tropic liquid crystalline behaviours. Ordered columnar liquid crystalline phases and crystalline phases were observed for these compounds with tunable phase transition temperatures and mesophase widths. Interestingly, these compounds could simultaneously generate micro‐ribbons in various solvents due to strong π‐π intermolecular interactions.
Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Palladium Complexes of Hydroxynaphthalene‐2‐Oxazolines
Authors: Barbeiro Cristiane S. , Vasconcelos Stanley N. S. , de Oliveira Isadora M. , Zukerman‐Schpector Julio , Caracelli Ignez , Maganhi Stella H. , Stefani Hélio A.
Published: September 2017

A new palladium catalyst system, generated in situ from palladium(II) chloride and hydroxynaphthalene‐2‐oxazolines as ligands, has been developed and used in Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions with potassium heteroaryl‐ and aryltrifluoroborate salts to synthesize biphenyl derivatives in good to high yields. It was observed that the catalyst works only when generated in situ. When isolated the formation of a solid occurs which when subjected to x‐ray diffraction shows that the palladium atom is bound to two oxazolines. The presence of electron donor or electron withdrawals groups does not significantly affect reaction performance. This allows easy preparation for use without the inconvenience of catalyst decomposition and need for storage care. A plausible mechanism reaction was suggested based on HRMS studies.
C‐Terminal ‐Aib‐L–Leu‐OMe Segment Promotes Schellman Loop from α‐Peptides with Alternating L–Leu and Aib Residues in the Crystal State
Authors: Debnath Mintu , Sarkar Rajib , Nandi Sujay Kumar , Haldar Debasish
Published: September 2017

The diverse helices from α‐peptide sequences containing alternating L–Leu and Aib residues are described. The X‐ray crystallography shed some light on the folding pattern of the synthetic peptides. The peptides that contain four and five amino acid residues fold into right‐handed (P) 310‐helical structures. The pentapeptide with ‐Aib‐L–Leu‐OMe C‐terminal segment also forms an open Schellman loop with both i+3→i and weak i+5→i hydrogen bonding interactions in crystal. But the hexapeptide with ‐L–Leu‐Aib‐OMe C‐terminal segment exhibits a right‐handed (P) 310‐helical structure. Surprisingly, the heptapeptide is a hybrid helix comprising of all i+3→i, i+4→i and i+5→i hydrogen‐bonded structure in solid state. The presence of Aib(6) residue at C‐terminus as the penultimate residue might be beneficial in inducing the screw‐sense reversal that gives rise to the helix terminating Schellman motif. The approach and findings presented here will be helpful for foldamer engineering.
Supramolecular Vesicles Prepared by Photodimerization of Coumarins in the Cavity of γ‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Zhang Xiaojin , Wang Kang , Lin Shijun , Dai Yu , Xia Fan
Published: September 2017

Supramolecular vesicles, one of nanocarriers, have unique advantages in loading hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic molecules and releasing the molecules under stimulus conditions. To improve the stability of supramolecular vesicles, we develop advanced vesicles that are prepared by photodimerization of coumarins in the cavity of γ‐cyclodextrin. The construction unit of advanced vesicles contains a head and two tails that looks like the phospholipid molecule. The results confirm that two coumarin molecules can be included and then photodimerized in the cavity of γ‐cyclodextrin. The different wavelengths of UV lamp are used to irradiate the photodimerization of coumarins because the photodimerization efficiency is dependent on the wavelength of UV lamp. The photodimerization of coumarins in the cavity of γ‐cyclodextrin enhances the stability of supramolecular vesicles.
A property rights theory of competitive advantage
Authors: Bel Roland
Published: September 2017

Research Summary: This article proposes a formal organizational economics approach to strategic management. Using a Property Rights Theory (PRT) framework, it rationalizes and provides a constructive contribution to two of the main strategy theories: the Resource‐Based View (RBV) and Porter Generic Strategies (PGS). The article shows that the welfare maximizing PRT conditions that characterize the existence and boundaries of a firm parallel both the RBV and Porter conditions for a sustainable competitive advantage, and provides a formal rationalization of Barney’s categorization of resources and Porter’s generic strategies. The article reveals some underexplored aspects of current informal theories, and extends their scope with the integration of strategic networks of complementors and social welfare considerations, opening up new avenues for research.

Managerial Summary: This article brings two new insights for managers. First, showing that a firm can garner rents when it is a socially optimal form of organization for the assets it controls, it rationalizes the importance of control and adds a social welfare perspective to strategy. The Resource‐Based View (RBV) and Porter Generic Strategies (PGS), besides theories of competitive advantage, can also be viewed as theories of control. Second, taking into consideration the growing importance of networks and complementors in the knowledge economy, this article highlights the strategic importance of two resource characteristics—collaborative and easy to combine—and opens up new doors for the consideration of two business strategies for managers—platform and coordination—in addition to the traditional cost, differentiation, and focus strategies.
Maternal immune activation leads to increased nNOS immunoreactivity in the brain of postnatal day 2 rat offspring
Authors: Zhang Jiaxian , Jing Yu , Zhang Hu , Bilkey David K. , Liu Ping
Published: September 2017

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is a key arginine metabolising enzyme in the brain, and nNOS‐derived nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in regulating glutamatergic neurotransmission. NO and its related molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and human genetic studies have identified schizophrenia risk genes encoding nNOS. This study systematically investigated how maternal immune activation (MIA; a risk factor for schizophrenia) induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid affected nNOS‐immunoreactivity in the brain of the resulting male and female offspring at the age of postnatal day (PND) 2. Immunohistochemistry revealed a markedly increased intensity of nNOS‐positive cells in the CA3 and dentate gyrus subregions of the hippocampus, the somatosensory cortex, and the striatum, but not the frontal cortex and hippocampal CA1 region, in the MIA offspring when compared to control group animals. There were no sex differences in the effect. Given the role of nNOS in glutamatergic neurotransmission and its functional relationship with glutamate NMDA receptors, increased nNOS immunoreactivity may indicate the up‐regulation of NMDA receptor function in MIA rat offspring at an early postnatal age. Future research is required to determine whether these changes contribute to the neuronal and behavioral dysfunction observed in both juvenile and adult MIA rat offspring.