bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction of mini‐clinical evaluation exercise in teaching dental radiology—A pilot study
Authors: Bock Anna , Peters Florian , Elvers Dirk , Wittenborn Julian , Kniha Kristian , Gerressen Marcus , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Workplace‐based assessments are methods that can be applied for assessing competence and performance. One of these methods is the mini‐clinical evaluation exercise (mini‐CEX). This study was conducted to determine the role of mini‐CEX in students’ performance assessment on panoramic X‐ray reporting at dental radiology course.

Materials and Methods

A workshop as training for the assessors and the participants was conducted before the primary test. All participants (n = 36) were randomly allocated into six groups. Each group had three seminars in which every student reported a panoramic X‐ray. Students were directly observed and rated by an assessor on a modified mini‐CEX rating form. Then, a self‐assessment of the students and a systematic feedback session were performed. Finally, the students and the assessors were evaluated for the acceptability and satisfaction with this tool.

Results

The mean duration of the assessment and the feedback decreased significantly from the first seminar to the third seminar (P < .0001). Comparison of the results of the mini‐CEX of all three assessments showed that students displayed a significantly better performance in evaluating the upper jaw and the soft tissue (P < .05). There was no significant improvement for the other aspects of the rating form. Overall, both students and assessors reported a high level of satisfaction in using the mini‐CEX rating form.

Conclusion

Due to the objectivity and transparency of the assessment, the mini‐CEX helped to improve the performance on reporting panoramic X‐rays. Besides that, the structured feedback had major impact on the improvement. Overall, the assessors and the participants reported a high level of satisfaction using the rating form. Therefore, the mini‐CEX may be an effective method for performing workplace‐based assessments to evaluate students’ performance on reporting panoramic X‐rays.
Deciphering the natural history of SCA7 in children
Authors: Bah M. G. , Rodriguez D. , Cazeneuve C. , Mochel F. , Devos D. , Suppiej A. , Roubertie A. , Meunier I. , Gitiaux C. , Curie A. , Klapczynski F. , Allani‐Essid N. , Carneiro M. , Van Minkelen R. , Kievit A. , Fluss J. , Leheup B. , Ratbi L. , Héron D. , Gras D. , Do Cao J. , Pichard S. , Strubi‐Villaume I. , Audo I. , Lesca G. , Charles P. , Dubois F. , Comet‐Didierjean P. , Capri Y. , Barondiot C. , Barathon M. , Ewenczyk C. , Durr A. , Mignot C.
Published: June 2020

Background and purpose

Childhood‐onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a severe disease which leads to premature loss of ambulation and death. Early diagnosis of SCA7 is of major importance for genetic counselling and still relies on specific genetic testing, driven by clinical expertise. However, the precise phenotype and natural history of paediatric SCA7 has not yet been fully described. Our aims were to describe the natural history of SCA7 in a large multicentric series of children of all ages, and to find correlates to variables defining this natural history.

Methods

We collected and analysed clinical data from 28 children with proven SCA7. All had clinical manifestations of SCA7 and either a definite number of CAG repeats in ATXN7 or a long expansion > 100 CAG.

Results

We identified four clinical presentation patterns related to age at onset. Children of all age groups had cerebellar atrophy and retinal dystrophy. Our data, combined with those in the literature, suggest that definite ranges of CAG repeats determine paediatric SCA7 subtypes. The number of CAG repeats inversely correlated to all variables of the natural history. Age at gait ataxia onset correlated accurately to age at loss of walking ability and to age at death.

Conclusion

SCA7 in children has four presentation patterns that are roughly correlated to the number of CAG repeats. Our depiction of the natural history of SCA7 in children may help in monitoring the effect of future therapeutic trials.
Postpartum haemorrhage in women with mild factor XI deficiency
Authors: Stoeckle James H. , Bogue Thomas , Zwicker Jeffrey I.
Published: June 2020

Introduction

With the advent of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing, mild factor XI deficiency is increasingly recognized. There are limited data regarding the risk of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) among women with mild FXI deficiency following obstetrical delivery.

Aim

To assess the risk of PPH among women with mild FXI deficiency undergoing vaginal or caesarean delivery.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective, case‐control study, in women with FXI levels between 20% and 70% of normal. For a control population, delivery outcomes were analysed in 200 women (between 2016 and 2018) without known bleeding disorders.

Results

There was no PPH among 45 vaginal deliveries in women with mild FXI deficiency compared with one PPH among 125 vaginal deliveries in the control cohort. The rate of PPH was significantly higher among the 26 caesarean deliveries in women with mild FXI deficiency relative to 75 control caesarean deliveries (odds ratio 2.73, 95% CI 1.02‐7.26, P = .04). Prior history of haemorrhage was a strong predictor of PPH following caesarean delivery. All women who developed PPH following caesarean delivery had either a history of haemorrhage or independent risk factor for PPH.

Conclusion

Due to the low rates of postpartum haemorrhage following vaginal delivery, routine prophylaxis to prevent postpartum haemorrhage in the setting of mild FXI deficiency does not appear warranted, especially in the absence of a bleeding history. Mild FXI deficiency is associated with an increased risk of PPH following caesarean delivery.
Rabeprazole‐amoxicillin dual therapy as first‐line treatment for H pylori eradication in special patients: A retrospective, real‐life study
Authors: Gao Wen , Ye Hui , Deng Xin , Wang Chi , Xu Ying , Li Yixuan , Zhang Xuezhi , Cheng Hong
Published: June 2020

Background

The currently recommended quadruple regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection might not be appropriate for every patient, especially in elderly patients or those with multiple comorbidities.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rabeprazole‐amoxicillin dual therapy in H pylori‐positive elderly patients or those with multiple comorbidities.

Methods

From November 2013 to May 2017, the clinical data of H pylori‐positive patients ≥60 years old or with multiple comorbidities were collected and reviewed. All patients were given rabeprazole 10 mg three times a day and amoxicillin 1000 mg thrice a day (RA dual therapy) for 14 days as first‐line treatment. H pylori eradication was evaluated by 13C‐urea breath test 6 weeks after treatment. Adverse effects were recorded.

Results

A total of 198 patients were enrolled, including 116 elderly patients and 82 patients with multiple comorbidities. Successful eradication was achieved in 90.9% (180/198, 95% CI: 86.1%‐94.2%) patients. Adverse effects, which were mainly mild (referring to skin rash, abdominal pain, and diarrhea), occurred in 22 patients (22/198, 11.1%) and resolved spontaneously.

Conclusion

Dual therapy composed of rabeprazole and amoxicillin as a first‐line treatment appears to be effective and safe for H pylori infection in elderly patients or those with multiple comorbidities. Additional studies are needed to optimize the regimen.
Examining associative conditioning with a positive peer context as a strategy to increase children's vegetable acceptance
Authors: Tauriello Sara , Bowker Julie , Wilding Gregory , Epstein Leonard , Anzman‐Frasca Stephanie
Published: June 2020

Background

Children's vegetable acceptance increases following repeated exposure and associative conditioning pairing a target vegetable with a well‐liked food. Yet traditional pairings may increase energy intake when well‐liked foods are calorie‐rich.

Objectives

To examine whether pairing a non‐food stimulus with target vegetables increases children's vegetable acceptance and whether effects exceed those of repeated exposure.

Methods

Twenty‐three 6‐to‐8‐year‐old children participated in twice‐weekly sessions across 6 weeks of a summer camp serving children from low‐income families. First‐ and second‐grade camp classrooms were randomly assigned to associative conditioning and repeated exposure groups, respectively. Liking and preference were assessed for seven vegetables at pre/post‐test. For each child, two non‐preferred vegetables were randomly assigned as the target or control. During exposures, associative conditioning group children experienced a positive peer context (involving group games) paired with tasting their target vegetable. The repeated exposure group received only taste exposures; target vegetable liking was assessed.

Results

Preferences for target vegetables increased from pre‐ (Median = 6.00) to post‐test (Median = 3.00) overall (P = .007), but did not differ by group (P = .59). Group, time and interaction effects on vegetable liking were non‐significant overall (P ≥ .29), with some evidence of group differences when examining select time points.

Conclusions

Findings can inform future research aiming to increase vegetable preferences in community settings.
Burden of diagnostic investigations at the end of life for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ross Lauren , Taverner John , John Jennifer , Baisch Andreas , Irving Louis , Philip Jennifer , Smallwood Natasha
Published: June 2020

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable, chronic condition that leads to significant morbidity and mortality, with most patients dying in hospital. While diagnostic tests are important for actively managing patients during hospital admissions, the balance between benefit and harm should always be considered. This is particularly important when patients reach the end of life, when the focus is to reduce burdensome interventions.

Aims

To examine the use of diagnostic testing in a cohort of people with COPD who died in hospital.

Methods

Retrospective medical record audits were completed at two Australian hospitals (Royal Melbourne Hospital and Northeast Health Wangaratta), with all patients who died from COPD over 12 years between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2015 included.

Results

Three hundred and forty‐three patients were included, with a median of 11 diagnostic testing episodes per patient. Undergoing higher numbers of diagnostic tests was associated with younger age, intensive care unit admission and non‐invasive ventilation use. Reduced testing was associated with recent hospital admission for COPD, domiciliary oxygen use and a prior admission with documentation limiting medical treatment. Most patients underwent diagnostic tests in the last 2 days of life, and 12% of patients had ongoing diagnostic tests performed after a documented decision was made to change the goal of care to provide comfort care only.

Conclusion

There were missed opportunities to reduce the burden of diagnostic tests and focus on comfort at the end of life. Increased physician education regarding communication and end‐of‐life care, including recognising active dying may address these issues.
Attitudes toward brushing children's teeth—A study among parents with immigrant status in Norway
Authors: Mustafa Manal , Nasir Elwalid F. , Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug
Published: June 2020

Background

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a common chronic childhood disease with multifactorial etiology including poor parental dietary and hygiene behaviors.

Aim

This study aimed to assess toothbrushing‐related perceptions among parents with immigrant background living in Norway.

Design

A structured interview was performed with immigrant parents to assess their oral health‐related knowledge, beliefs, and attitude toward toothbrushing. Immigrant parents of non‐Western origin with newborn infants (0‐6 months) were included in this study.

Results

Of those interviewed, 66% chose to participate and they were found to have an average favorable attitudes, subjective norms, and strong perceptions of control related to child's tooth brushing with reported means of (3.3), (3.6), and (4.6), respectively. They had on average low indulgence (mean 7.8) with respect to this behavior and a relatively high level of knowledge (mean 6.9). Parents with strong intention toward toothbrushing (61%) had on average more frequent oral hygiene behavior than parents with weak intentions.

Conclusion

Parents with non‐Western origin have adequate knowledge and intention toward toothbrushing, although some have an unsatisfactory attitude, which might affect the oral health of their children negatively. Culture and habits are contributing factors in ECC and should be addressed in oral health prevention policies.
Differences in the periodontal microbiome of successfully treated and persistent aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Sousa Vanessa , Davrandi Mehmet , Spratt David , Alyahya Qumasha , Dopico Jose , Donos Nikos
Published: June 2020

Aims

The primary aim of this investigation was to analyse the periodontal microbiome in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) following treatment.

Methods

Sixty‐six AgP patients were recalled on average 7 years after completion of active periodontal treatment and had subgingival plaque samples collected and processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses.

Results

Of 66 participants, 52 showed persistent periodontal disease, while 13 participants were considered as “successfully treated AgP” (no probing pocket depths >4 mm) and 1 was fully edentulous. Genera associated with persistent generalized disease included Actinomyces, Alloprevotella, Capnocytophaga, Filifactor, Fretibacterium, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Mogibacterium, Saccharibacteria [G‐1], Selenomonas and Treponema. “Successfully treated” patients harboured higher proportions of Haemophilus, Rothia, and Lautropia and of Corynebacterium, Streptococcus and Peptidiphaga genera. Overall, patients with persistent generalized AgP (GAgP) revealed higher alpha diversity compared to persistent localized AgP (LAgP) and stable patients (p < .001). Beta diversity analyses revealed significant differences only between stable and persistent GAgP groups (p = .004).

Conclusion

Patients with persistent AgP showed a more dysbiotic subgingival biofilm than those who have been successfully treated. It remains to be established whether such differences were predisposing to disease activity or were a result of a dysbiotic change associated with disease recurrence in the presence of sub‐standard supportive periodontal therapy or other patient‐related factors.
Antagonistic interactions subdue inter‐species green‐beard cooperation in bacteria
Authors: Sathe Santosh , Kümmerli Rolf
Published: June 2020

Cooperation can be favoured through the green‐beard mechanism, where a set of linked genes encodes both a cooperative trait and a phenotypic marker (green beard), which allows carriers of the trait to selectively direct cooperative acts to other carriers. In theory, the green‐beard mechanism should favour cooperation even when interacting partners are totally unrelated at the genome level. Here, we explore such an extreme green‐beard scenario between two unrelated bacterial species—Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia, which share a cooperative locus encoding the public good pyochelin (an iron‐scavenging siderophore) and its cognate receptor (green beard) required for iron–pyochelin uptake. We show that pyochelin, when provided in cell‐free supernatants, can be mutually exchanged between species and provide fitness benefits under iron limitation. However, in co‐culture we observed that these cooperative benefits vanished and communities were dominated by P. aeruginosa, regardless of strain background and species starting frequencies. Our results further suggest that P. aeruginosa engages in interference competition to suppress B. cenocepacia, indicating that inter‐species conflict arising from dissimilarities at the genome level overrule the aligned cooperative interests at the pyochelin locus. Thus, green‐beard cooperation is subdued by competition, indicating that interspecific siderophore cooperation is difficult to evolve and to be maintained.
Patients' perspectives on a new delivery model in primary care: A propensity score matched analysis of patient‐reported outcomes in a Dutch cohort study
Authors: van den Bogaart Esther H. A. , Spreeuwenberg Marieke D. , Kroese Mariëlle E. A. L. , van Hoof Sofie J. M. , Hameleers Niels , Ruwaard Dirk
Published: June 2020

Rationale, aims and objective

Primary Care Plus (PC+) focuses on the substitution of hospital‐based medical care to the primary care setting without moving hospital facilities. The aim of this study was to examine whether population health and experience of care in PC+ could be maintained. Therefore, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and experienced quality of care from a patient perspective were compared between patients referred to PC+ and to hospital‐based outpatient care (HBOC).

Methods

This cohort study included patients from a Dutch region, visiting PC+ or HBOC between December 2014 and April 2018. With patient questionnaires (T0, T1 and T2), the HRQoL and experience of care were measured. One‐to‐two nearest neighbour calliper propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control for potential selection bias. Outcomes were compared using marginal linear models and Pearson chi‐square tests.

Results

One thousand one hundred thirteen PC+ patients were matched to 606 HBOC patients with well‐balanced baseline characteristics (SMDs <0.1). Regarding HRQoL outcomes, no significant interaction terms between time and group were found (P > .05), indicating no difference in HRQoL development between the groups over time. Regarding experienced quality of care, no differences were found between PC+ and HBOC patients. Only travel time was significantly shorter in the HBOC group (P ≤ .001).

Conclusion

Results show equal effects on HRQoL outcomes over time between the groups. Regarding experienced quality of care, only differences in travel time were found. Taken as a whole, population health and quality of care were maintained with PC+ and future research should focus more on cost‐related outcomes.
Fluency in Dialogue: Turn‐Taking Behavior Shapes Perceived Fluency in Native and Nonnative Speech
Authors: van Os Marjolein , de Jong Nivja H. , Bosker Hans Rutger
Published: June 2020

Fluency is an important part of research on second language learning, but most research on language proficiency typically has not included oral fluency as part of interactions even though natural communication usually occurs in conversations. The present study considered aspects of turn‐taking behavior as part of the construct of fluency and investigated whether these aspects differentially influence perceived fluency ratings of native and nonnative speech. Results from two experiments using acoustically manipulated speech showed that, in native speech, too “eager” answers (interrupting a question with a fast answer) and too “reluctant” answers (answering slowly after a long turn gap) negatively affected fluency ratings. However, in nonnative speech, only too “reluctant” answers led to lower fluency ratings. Thus, we demonstrated that acoustic properties of dialogue are perceived as part of fluency. By adding to the current understanding of dialogue fluency, these lab‐based findings carry implications for language teaching and assessment.
“We are being made the victims of our own metaphors”: Language acquisition and streams of suppositions in May Sinclair's Mary Olivier: A Life (1919)
Authors: de Bont Leslie
Published: June 2020

This paper revisits Sinclair's use of stream of consciousness techniques as a means to explore Mary Olivier's psycholinguistic development. Sinclair's pre‐, para‐ and metalinguistic versions of the stream of consciousness provide a complex, fictional response to one of her earlier philosophical discussions of “the limitations of language” (1917, p. 346), which stressed the lack of fit between the way other theorists defined the term “consciousness” and her personal understanding of the concept. Mary Olivier's complex acquisition, appropriation, exploration and deconstruction of language also shed light on Sinclair's idiosyncratic integration of psychology, philosophy and feminism into her fiction and thus appears as a distinctive and hybrid feature of this modernist Bildungsroman.
Impedance in the evaluation of the esophagus
Authors: Wu Peter I. , Sloan Joshua A. , Kuribayashi Shiko , Gregersen Hans
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to review esophageal electrical impedance technologies and to discuss the use of these technologies for physiological measurements, diagnostics, and therapy of esophageal disease. In order to develop a better understanding of the pathophysiology of and improve the diagnosis of esophageal disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and achalasia, several new diagnostic tests, including intraluminal impedance, esophageal mucosal impedance, and the functional luminal imaging probe, have been developed. These technologies have proven valuable for assessment of the esophagus in recent years. They provide information on esophageal flow properties, mucosal integrity, lumen shape, and distensibility in esophageal disorders, in particular for GERD and achalasia. Despite their promise and novel clinical studies, the potential of these technologies has been far from realized. New multidisciplinary approaches will contribute to our understanding and interpretation of esophageal impedance data and disease mechanisms.
Association of self‐reported religiosity with the development of major depression in multireligious country Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Daiki , First Michael B. , Shimbo Takuro , Kanba Shigenobu , Hirano Yoji
Published: June 2020

Aim

In Western Christian countries, religiosity is generally believed to be associated with a lower risk for depression, which is supported by epidemiological evidence. However, the association between religiosity and depression in multireligious countries is unknown. The objective was to evaluate the association between religiosity and subsequent depression in a multireligious population.

Methods

A longitudinal study was conducted in a large hospital in Tokyo, Japan, from 2005 to 2018. All participants who underwent health check‐ups without a prior history of depression or depression at baseline were included. Our outcome was development of major depressive disorder (MDD), which was compared according to the degree of religiosity, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Among 67 723 adult participants, those who were more religious tended to be older, female, married, and to have healthier habits but also more medical comorbidities at baseline. During a median follow‐up of 2528 days, 1911 (2.8%) participants developed MDD. Compared to the reference group, religious group participants tended to have higher odds ratios (OR) for developing MDD in a dose‐dependent manner. Among them, the extremely religious group (OR, 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–1.78) and the moderately religious group (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.14–1.49) were statistically associated with increased development of MDD compared to the not‐religious‐at‐all group. Those who had increased their religiosity from baseline had statistically lower development of MDD (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75–0.97) compared to those who remained in the same degree of religiosity from baseline.

Conclusion

Religiosity was associated with future MDD in a dose‐dependent manner in a multireligious population, which was in the opposite direction from that seen in previous Western longitudinal studies.
Secondary origin, hybridization and sexual reproduction in a diploid–tetraploid contact zone of the facultatively apomictic orchid Zygopetalum mackayi
Authors: Moura Y. A. , Alves‐Pereira A. , da Silva C. C. , Souza L. M. , de Souza A. P. , Koehler S.
Published: June 2020

The production of triploids and apomictic reproduction are important processes for polyploid establishment and cytotype coexistence, but we know little about the interaction between triploids and facultatively apomictic plants. To bridge this gap, we studied the pollen‐dependent, facultatively apomictic orchid Zygopetalum mackayi from high‐elevation outcrops of southeast Brazil.

We described the nature of the contact between Z. mackayi cytotypes and patterns of genetic diversity and structure based on eight microsatellite markers and 155 individuals of pure tetraploid, pure diploid and mixed cytotype populations.

Our results revealed high values of genetic and genotypic diversity within all populations of Z. mackayi. Each cytotype emerged as a genetic distinct cluster, combining individuals from different populations. Triploids clustered in an intermediate position between diploids and tetraploids. Most genetic variance is associated with individuals within populations and genetic differentiation is high among populations.

Mixed cytotype populations of Z. mackayi originate from secondary contact. Triploids are hybrids between diploids and tetraploids and likely act as a bridge. Our results point to the predominance of sexual reproduction in all populations but do not corroborate previous basic chromosome number for this species. Polyploidy rather than facultative apomixis may explain the larger geographic distribution of tetraploids of Z. mackayi.
The spatial pattern of the belowground bud bank and its responses to soil water status in the interdune lowlands of active sand dunes of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wu Jing , Chen Xin , Xu Lan , Qian Jianqiang , Liu Zhimin
Published: June 2020

Bud bank composition in interdune lowlands plays a key role in population colonization and vegetation restoration in active sand dune ecosystems. However, no studies have explicitly explored the spatial pattern of belowground bud banks in the interdune lowlands of active sand dune ecosystems and their response to soil moisture conditions. Therefore, this study investigated belowground bud banks and measured soil moisture contents in four interdune lowlands in the Horqin Sandy Land of northeastern Inner Mongolia. The density of total buds, rhizome buds, and tiller buds decreased significantly at the windward slope‐interdune and leeward slope‐interdune transitional zones (p < 0.05), while the densities of both root‐collar buds and root‐sprouting buds were the highest at the edge of the interdune lowland. Rhizome buds (60–100%) were predominant over tiller buds in the windward slope transitional zone, while root‐collar buds (57–62%) and tiller buds (60–79%) were prominent in the leeward slope transitional zone. Furthermore, all bud types except the root‐collar bud had obvious water dependence. It was concluded that there is a significant difference in bud density between the different interdune lowland positions, and root‐collar buds were more resistant to water stress than the other bud banks. These survival strategies and responses may be important in the recovery of both artificial and sand‐fixing vegetation in semiarid regions of China.
Erzählungen des Kindes‐ und Erwachsenenschutzes: Eine Anwendung und Erweiterung desNarrative Policy Frameworks
Authors: Hildbrand Leandra , Stauffer Bettina , Sager Fritz , Kuenzler Johanna
Published: June 2020

The Child and Adult Protection Authorities (KESB) have been the subject of controversial discussion since their establishment in 2013. The reform of the Guardianship Law provided for an institutional shift away from local guardianship authorities to regional specialist authorities. This article uses the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to examine the history of today’s controversy, simultaneously proposing an analytic strengthening of said framework. Previous NPF studies summarize policy actors into opponents and proponents. As a result, we do not know whether different actors use different narratives. We therefore separate the expert from the MP discourse. The analysis shows that the experts' arguments for a new institutional arrangement and a person‐oriented narrative dominated, which put the fundamental rights of the persons affected by guardianship measures up front. The study contributes to the understanding of the current controversy, in which a person‐oriented narrative seems to be dominant again, directed against the new authorities.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐C*01:195 allele
Authors: Loginova M. , Smirnova D. , Paramonov I. , Zarubin M.
Published: June 2020

The new allele HLA‐C*01:195 showed one nucleotide difference with HLA‐C*01:02:01:01.
Treatment outcomes and target delineation utilizingCTandMRIin 13 dogs treated with a uniform stereotactic radiation therapy protocol (16 Gy single fraction) for pituitary masses: (2014‐2017)
Authors: Gieger Tracy L. , Nolan Michael W.
Published: June 2020

Canine pituitary tumours are increasingly treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). Here, we report clinical outcomes in dogs treated with single‐fraction SRT; we also explore technical aspects of SRT treatment planning. A single‐institution retrospective study was performed, including any dog with a pituitary mass (PM) that was treated using a standardized single‐fraction (16 Gy) SRT protocol between 2014 and 2017. Via medical records review, 13 cases were identified. Nine dogs neurologically improved after SRT. Four dogs experienced MRI‐documented tumour volume reduction. Nine dogs experienced neurologic decline in 1.5 to 18 months after SRT and were euthanized. The median overall survival time was 357 days, with 15% alive 18 months after SRT. To better understand whether SRT target delineation is predictably altered by use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to computed tomography (CT), two radiation oncologists (RO) retrospectively re‐evaluated all imaging studies used for SRT planning in these 13 cases. Gross tumour volume (GTV) was contoured on co‐registered CT and MRIs for each case. In seven cases, CT alone was deemed inadequate for GTV contouring by at least one RO. T1 post‐contrast MRI was considered the ideal image for GTV contouring in 11 cases. Contouring on MRI yielded larger GTV than CT for 11 cases. Inter‐observer variability existed in each case and was greater for MRI. In summary, use of co‐registered CT and MRI images is generally considered advantageous for PM delineation when using SRT. Notably, survival times reported herein are shorter than what has previously been reported for PM treated with finely fractionated full‐course RT protocols.
Semihyper-Reduction for Finite Element Structures With Nonlinear Surface Loads on the Basis of Stress Modes
Authors: Koller Lukas , Witteveen Wolfgang , Pichler Florian , Fischer Peter
Published: June 2020

Model reduction via projection is a common method to accelerate time integration of finite element (FE) structures by reducing the number of degrees-of-freedom (DOFs). However, nonlinear state-dependent surface loads are usually computed based on the nonreduced DOFs of the FE model. When a considerably high number of DOFs are involved in the nonlinear surface loads, their computation becomes a bottleneck. This paper presents a general approach for reduced time integration and reduced force computation for FE models. The required force trial vectors can be computed easily and systematically out of deformation trial vectors, commonly called “modes.” Those force trial vectors, which we call “stress modes,” can be determined a priori so that a nonlinear computation of the full system is not necessary. The new idea in this contribution is that stress recovery is used to decrease the number of equations for the force computation. A general framework for semihyper-reduction (SHR) is developed and its practical implementation is discussed. The term SHR is introduced because it is an intermediate approach between the straight-forward method of using the FE DOFs and pure hyper-reduction (HR) where the FE DOFs are omitted for computing state-depended surface loads. In order to demonstrate the proposed SHR approach practically, a numerical example of a planar crank drive is given, where a hydrodynamic lubrication film separates piston and cylinder. Thereby, very good result quality has been observed in comparison to a finite difference reference solution.
A Coarea Formulation for Grid-Based Evaluation of Volume Integrals
Authors: Uchytil Christopher , Storti Duane
Published: June 2020

We present a new method for computing volume integrals based on data sampled on a regular Cartesian grid. We treat the case where the domain is defined implicitly by an inequality, and the input data include sampled values of the defining function and the integrand. The method employs Federer’s coarea formula (Federer, 1969, Geometric Measure Theory, Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Springer) to convert the volume integral to a one-dimensional quadrature over level set values where the integrand is an integral over a level set surface. Application of any standard quadrature method produces an approximation of the integral over the continuous range as a weighted sum of integrals over level sets corresponding to a discrete set of values. The integral over each level set is evaluated using the grid-based approach presented by Yurtoglu et al. (2018, “Treat All Integrals as Volume Integrals: A Unified, Parallel, Grid-Based Method for Evaluation of Volume, Surface, and Path Integrals on Implicitly Defined Domains,” J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng., 18, p. 3). The new coarea method fills a need for computing volume integrals whose integrand cannot be written in terms of a vector potential. We present examples with known results, specifically integration of polynomials over the unit sphere. We also present Saye’s (2015, “High-Order Quadrature Methods for Implicitly Defined Surfaces and Volumes in Hyperrectangles,” SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 37) example of integrating a logarithmic integrand over the intersection of a bounding box with an open domain implicitly defined by a trigonometric polynomial. For the final examples, the input data is a grid of mixture ratios from a direct numerical simulation of fluid mixing, and we demonstrate that the grid-based coarea method applies to computing volume integrals when no analytical form of the implicit defining function is given. The method is highly parallelizable, and the results presented are obtained using a parallel implementation capable of producing results at interactive rates.
Thin film deposition research and its impact on microelectronics scaling
Authors: Cabral Cyril , Lavoie Christian , Murray Conal , Pyzyna Adam , Rodbell Ken
Published: June 2020

Throughout his career, Dr. Stephen Rossnagel and his co-workers have had a profound influence on thin film deposition. His seminal work includes the development of reactive, collimated, and ionized methods of DC and RF magnetron sputtering, as well as plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. Most importantly, his contributions have been widely adopted within the microelectronics community in its efforts to produce finer layers with increased uniformity and functionality. While applications span a very broad range, from complementary metal oxide semiconductor device metallization to DNA sensing, Dr. Rossnagel has also conducted fundamental investigations into microstructural effects on electronic scattering. In this manuscript, the authors will highlight some of Steve’s contributions to these areas and their continued relevance to current and future microelectronic device scaling.
Restoring glucose uptake rescues neutrophil dysfunction and protects against systemic fungal infection in mouse models of kidney disease
Authors: Jawale Chetan V. , Ramani Kritika , Li De-dong , Coleman Bianca M. , Oberoi Rohan S. , Kupul Saran , Lin Li , Desai Jigar V. , Delgoffe Greg M. , Lionakis Michail S. , Bender Filitsa H. , Prokopienko Alexander J. , Nolin Thomas D. , Gaffen Sarah L. , Biswas Partha S.
Published: June 2020

Metabolic reprogramming with a GSK3β inhibitor corrects neutrophil dysfunction and improves antifungal function in mouse models of kidney disease.
ARID1A
mutation plus CXCL13 expression act as combinatorial biomarkers to predict responses to immune checkpoint therapy in mUCC
Authors: Goswami Sangeeta , Chen Yulong , Anandhan Swetha , Szabo Peter M. , Basu Sreyashi , Blando Jorge M. , Liu Wenbin , Zhang Jan , Natarajan Seanu Meena , Xiong Liangwen , Guan Baoxiang , Yadav Shalini Singh , Saci Abdel , Allison James P. , Galsky Matthew D. , Sharma Padmanee
Published: June 2020

A combination of
ARID1A
mutation and CXCL13 expression in baseline tumor tissues improves predictive capability for patients with mUCC receiving ICT.
Plausible Minimal Substrate for Erm Protein
Authors: Lee Hak Jin , Park Young In , Jin Hyung Jong
Published: June 2020

Erm proteins methylate a specific adenine residue (A2058,
Escherichia coli
coordinates) conferring macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS
B
) antibiotic resistance on a variety of microorganisms, ranging from antibiotic producers to pathogens. To identify the minimal motif required to be recognized and methylated by the Erm protein, various RNA substrates from 23S rRNA were constructed, and the substrate activity of these constructs was studied using three Erm proteins, namely, ErmB from
Firmicutes
and ErmE and ErmS from
Actinobacteria
.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and DNA Vaccines Expressing Zika Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Induce Substantial but Not Sterilizing Protection against Zika Virus Infection
Authors: Li Anzhong , Xue Miaoge , Attia Zayed , Yu Jingyou , Lu Mijia , Shan Chao , Liang Xueya , Gao Thomas Z. , Shi Pei-Yong , Peeples Mark E. , Boyaka Prosper N. , Liu Shan-Lu , Li Jianrong
Published: June 2020

Most Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine research has focused on the E or prM-E proteins and the induction of high levels of neutralizing antibodies. However, these ZIKV neutralizing antibodies cross-react with other flaviviruses, which may aggravate the disease via an antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) mechanism. ZIKV NS1 protein may be an alternative antigen for vaccine development, since antibodies to NS1 do not bind to the virion, thereby eliminating the risk of ADE. Here, we show that recombinant VSV and DNA vaccines expressing NS1, alone, confer partial protection against ZIKV infection in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice, highlighting the value of NS1 as a potential vaccine candidate.
Inactivating Three Interferon Antagonists Attenuates Pathogenesis of an Enteric Coronavirus
Authors: Deng Xufang , Buckley Alexandra C. , Pillatzki Angela , Lager Kelly M. , Faaberg Kay S. , Baker Susan C.
Published: June 2020

Emerging coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and porcine CoVs, can infect enterocytes, cause diarrhea, and be shed in the feces. New approaches are needed to understand enteric pathogenesis and to develop vaccines and therapeutics to prevent the spread of these viruses. Here, we exploited a reverse genetic system for an enteric CoV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and outline an approach of genetically inactivating highly conserved viral factors known to limit the host innate immune response to infection. Our report reveals that generating PEDV with inactive versions of three viral interferon antagonists, nonstructural proteins 1, 15, and 16, results in a highly attenuated virus that does not cause diarrhea in animals and elicits a neutralizing antibody response in virus-infected animals. This strategy may be useful for generating live attenuated vaccine candidates that prevent disease and fecal spread of enteric CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2.
Complete Genome Sequence of Phytobacter diazotrophicus Strain UAEU22, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Isolated from the Date Palm Rhizosphere
Authors: Salha Yasmeen , Sudalaimuthuasari Naganeeswaran , Kundu Biduth , AlMaskari Raja S. , Alkaabi AlReem S. , Hazzouri Khaled M. , AbuQamar Synan F. , El-Tarabily Khaled A. , Amiri Khaled M. A.
Published: June 2020

Here, we present a complete circular genome (5.4 Mb) and a plasmid (104,972 bp) of the plant growth-promoting bacterium
Phytobacter diazotrophicus
strain UAEU22, isolated from date palm rhizosphere in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Annotation of the genome resulted in 5,229 predicted genes.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two
Streptomyces
Strains, MZ03-37
T
and MZ03-48, Isolated from Lava Tube Speleothems
Authors: Gonzalez-Pimentel Jose L. , Jurado Valme , Hermosin Bernardo , Saiz-Jimenez Cesareo
Published: June 2020

Two
Streptomyces
strains were isolated from a lava tube in La Palma, Canary Islands. Genomic analyses suggest that the two strains could belong to the same species. Here, we report the draft genomes for these bacterial strains.
Supplemental Material: Lithium isotope composition of modern and fossilized Cenozoic brachiopods
Authors: Washington Kirstin , al. et
Published: June 2020

Supplemental text, Tables S1 and S2, and Figures S1–S9.
Supplemental Material: Plate boundary trench retreat and dextral shear drive intracontinental fault-slip histories: Neogene dextral faulting across the Gabbs Valley and Gillis Ranges, Central Walker Lane, Nevada
Authors: Lee J. , al. et
Published: June 2020

Provides a description of 40Ar/39Ar analytical techniques, 40Ar/39Ar analytical results, and includes supporting age spectra and probability density plots of ages.
Supplemental Material: Plate boundary trench retreat and dextral shear drive intracontinental fault-slip histories: Neogene dextral faulting across the Gabbs Valley and Gillis Ranges, Central Walker Lane, Nevada
Authors: Lee J. , al. et
Published: June 2020

Figure 3. Layer A. Shaded relief map of the Gabbs Valley, Gillis, and Wassuk ranges, Nevada. Layer B. Simplified geologic map of the Gabbs Valley, Gillis, and Wassuk ranges. Sources of geologic mapping: Bingler (1978); Hardyman (1980); Stewart et al. (1981); Ekren and Byers (1985a, 1985b, 1986a, 1986b); Dilles (1992); Hoxey et al. (2020); this study. Layer C. Geographic names for major mountains, valleys, canyons, flats, washes, and lakes; fault names, and other labels. Layer D. Locations photographs (see Fig. 5), cross-section lines (see Fig. 6), and 40Ar/39Ar sample locations with ages (see Table 1). Layers E–J. Southern paleovalley wall contacts and measured dextral offsets for paleovalley infilling units Obmg, Osp, Mrc, Mrl, and Mal, respectively. Layer I. Southern contact of unit Mlf and measured dextral offset. Layer K. Intersection line defined by normal fault–hanging-wall contact between units Mlf and Me and measured dextral offset. Maps, labels, and data sets are organized in a series of layers that may be viewed separately or in combination using the capabilities of the Acrobat (PDF) layering function (click “Layers” icon along vertical bar on left side of window for display of available layers; turn layers on or off by clicking the box that encompasses the layer label located within the gray box in the upper right part of the figure). Figure 3 is intended to be viewed at a width of 64 cm.
Supplemental Material: Plate boundary trench retreat and dextral shear drive intracontinental fault-slip histories: Neogene dextral faulting across the Gabbs Valley and Gillis Ranges, Central Walker Lane, Nevada
Authors: Lee J. , al. et
Published: June 2020

Figure 6. Interpretative cross sections illustrating the cross-sectional geometry of several paleovalleys. See Figure 3 for location of all cross sections and Figure 8 for location of cross section CCʹ. Cross sections AAʹ and BBʹ are plotted at the same scale, and cross section CCʹ is plotted at a smaller scale. Figure 6 is intended to be viewed at a width of 45.1 cm.
Supplemental Material: Using mobile technologies to enhance accessibility and inclusion in field-based learning
Authors: Whitmeyer S.J. , al. et
Published: June 2020

Table SD1 and Figures SD1, SD2, and SD3
Are we missing the target? Are we aiming too low? What are the aerobic exercise prescriptions and their effects on markers of cardiovascular health and systemic inflammation in patients with knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schulz Jenna M , Birmingham Trevor B , Atkinson Hayden F , Woehrle Emilie , Primeau Codie A , Lukacs Michael J , Al-Khazraji Baraa K , Khan Michaela C M , Zomar Bryn O , Petrella Robert J , Beier Frank , Appleton C Thomas , Shoemaker J Kevin , Bryant Dianne M
Published: June 2020

Objectives

We systemically reviewed published studies that evaluated aerobic exercise interventions in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) to: (1) report the frequency, intensity, type and time (FITT) of exercise prescriptions and (2) quantify the changes in markers of cardiovascular health and systemic inflammation.

Data sources

PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus; inception to January 2019.

Eligibility criteria

Randomised clinical trials (RCT), cohort studies, case series.

Design

We summarised exercise prescriptions for all studies and calculated effect sizes with 95% CIs for between-group (RCTs that compared exercise and control groups) and within-group (pre-post exercise) differences in aerobic capacity (VO2), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha). We pooled results where possible using random effects models.

Results

Interventions from 49 studies were summarised; 8% (4/49) met all FITT guidelines; 16% (8/49) met all or most FITT guidelines. Fourteen studies (10 RCTs) reported at least one marker of cardiovascular health or systemic inflammation. Mean differences (95% CI) indicated a small to moderate increase in VO2(0.84 mL/min/kg; 95% CI 0.37 to 1.31), decrease in HR (−3.56 beats per minute; 95% CI −5.60 to −1.52) and DBP (−4.10 mm Hg; 95% CI −4.82 to −3.38) and no change in SBP (−0.36 mm Hg; 95% CI −3.88 to 3.16) and IL-6 (0.37 pg/mL; 95% CI −0.11 to 0.85). Within-group differences were also small to moderate.

Conclusions

In studies of aerobic exercise in patients with knee OA, very few interventions met guideline-recommended dose; there were small to moderate changes in markers of cardiovascular health and no decrease in markers of systemic inflammation. These findings question whether aerobic exercise is being used to its full potential in patients with knee OA.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018087859.
Zinc as nutritional intervention and prevention measure for COVID–19 disease
Authors: Mossink J P
Published: June 2020

The present spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, provoking COVID–19 disease, progresses rapidly worldwide. In current absence of a curative treatment and an effective, safe vaccine, there is a pressing need to focus on identifying and correcting deficits in immune function in order to reduce risk of severe progress of the disease and to lower the number of infections and fatalities. This paper evaluates the most recent literature on zinc status related to antiviral immunity and its possible role in COVID–19. It is concluded that zinc is a critical factor for antiviral immunity. There is ample evidence suggesting that zinc depletion, also prevalent in high–income nations, compromises immune functions. Notably, major risk groups for COVID–19, the elderly, men more than women, obese individuals and patients with diabetes are all at risk of zinc deficiency. Moreover, various widely used antihypertensive drugs and statin therapy have been reported to negatively influence zinc status. As zinc depletion impairs antiviral immunity, it is hypothesised to increase susceptibility for COVID–19. Therefore, dietary preventive measures and prompt implementation of zinc supplementation for risk groups should be considered. Large–scale studies are urgently needed to investigate the role of micronutrients and antiviral immunity, in particular drug–micronutrient immunity interaction.