bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rabies outbreak in Brazil: first case series in children from an indigenous village
Authors: Tolentino Júnior Dilceu Silveira , Marques Maryana Santos Vasconcelos , Krummenauer Amanda , Duarte Magda Machado Saraiva , Rocha Silene Manrique , de Brito Mariana Gontijo , de Santana Ludmila Ferraz , de Oliveira Roberto Carlos , de Assis Eliseu Miranda , de Sousa Cavalcante Kellyn Kessiene , Alencar Carlos Henrique
Published: August 2023

Background

Human rabies outbreak transmitted by bats continues to be a relevant public health problem not only in the Amazon region. The disease has affected one of the areas with the greatest poverty in southeastern Brazil, a region inhabited by the Maxakali indigenous people.

Case presentation

We describe four cases of rabies among indigenous children that occurred in the indigenous village of Pradinho, municipality of Bertópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cases were notified between April and May 2022, all of whom died on average eight days after the first symptoms. All cases were observed in rural residents under 12 years of age. The probable form of exposure was through bat bites. The predominant symptoms were prostration, fever, dyspnea, sialorrhea, tachycardia, and altered level of consciousness. Half of the cases underwent late and/or incomplete post-exposure rabies prophylaxis, however, the other half underwent pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis, with only one case completing the scheme and another undergoing the adapted Milwaukee Protocol (Recife Protocol). All cases ended in death.

Conclusions

This was the first rabies outbreak among indigenous people in Brazil. Among the manifested clinical forms in the series, there was a disease atypical presentation in at least one case. We suggest active surveillance and an intercultural educational campaign to prevent new cases.

Graphical abstract
Construction and validation of a cuproptosis-related diagnostic gene signature for atrial fibrillation based on ensemble learning
Authors: Wang Yixin , Wang Qiaozhu , Liu Peng , Jin Lingyan , Qin Xinghua , Zheng Qiangsun
Published: August 2023

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia. Nonetheless, the accurate diagnosis of this condition continues to pose a challenge when relying on conventional diagnostic techniques. Cell death is a key factor in the pathogenesis of AF. Existing investigations suggest that cuproptosis may also contribute to AF. This investigation aimed to identify a novel diagnostic gene signature associated with cuproptosis for AF using ensemble learning methods and discover the connection between AF and cuproptosis.

Results

Two genes connected to cuproptosis, including solute carrier family 31 member 1 (SLC31A1) and lipoic acid synthetase (LIAS), were selected by integration of random forests and eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithms. Subsequently, a diagnostic model was constructed that includes the two genes for AF using the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm with good performance (the area under the curve value > 0.75). The microRNA-transcription factor-messenger RNA network revealed that homeobox A9 (HOXA9) and Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) could target SLC31A1 and LIAS in AF. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that cuproptosis might be connected to immunocyte activities. Immunocyte infiltration analysis using the CIBERSORT algorithm suggested a greater level of neutrophils in the AF group. According to the outcomes of Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, there was a negative relation between SLC31A1 and resting dendritic cells and eosinophils. The study found a positive relationship between LIAS and eosinophils along with resting memory CD4+ T cells. Conversely, a negative correlation was detected between LIAS and CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells.

Conclusions

This study successfully constructed a cuproptosis-related diagnostic model for AF based on the LightGBM algorithm and validated its diagnostic efficacy. Cuproptosis may be regulated by HOXA9 and TET1 in AF. Cuproptosis might interact with infiltrating immunocytes in AF.
Assessment of antigenemia among children in four hotspots of filarial endemic districts of Nepal during post-MDA surveillance
Authors: Mehta Pramod Kumar , Maharjan Mahendra
Published: August 2023

Background

Sixty-three out of 77 districts reported lymphatic filariasis (LF) endemic in Nepal. Mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole (ALB) treatment program was continued for 6 to 11 rounds in these districts. Nepal government has stopped the MDA program based on the transmission assessment survey (TAS) report of 2014 and 2018 indicating Wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia prevalence < 2%. But the persistence of low levels of the circulating filarial antigen (CFA) in some foci of four endemic districts of Central Nepal, i.e., 0.4% in Dhading, 0.7% in Mahottari, 0.21% in Lalitpur and 1.2% in Bara district could responsible for enhancing the risk of infection resurgence. Hence the present study was designed to assess antigenic prevalence using Filariasis Test Strip (Alere, Scarborough ME) in children born after MDA in hotspot areas of four endemic districts of Central Nepal.

Results

The present study covers 70% children of the eligible population. The result revealed significantly high CFA prevalence in hotspots of Mahottari district belonging to the Terai region and Dhading district belonging to the hilly region, i.e., 13% and 10%, respectively, compared to baseline prevalence and TAS report. While in Lalitpur district and Bara district CFA prevalence was still found to be less than 2%. A higher number of MDA rounds covered in hotspots were found significantly associated with the low antigenic prevalence of W. bancrofti. Whereas median treatment coverage and inter-quartile range (IQR) in study districts were not found significantly associated with CFA prevalence. Although the clinical manifestation of hydrocele (1%) was found in all four study districts, it was not due to the W. bancrofti infection.

Conclusions

Two hotspot regions, one each from the Terai (Mahottari) and hilly (Dhading) districts were found highly prevalent with CFA and significantly associated with the number of MDA rounds but were not associated with treatment coverage and IQR. Higher CFA prevalence was observed in hotspots where baseline prevalence was high together indicating that rounds of MDA program need to be extended further in these hotspot regions of endemic districts.
Let the sun shine: os desafios de viabilizar o crescimento de uma startup de energia solar
Authors: Susteras Guilherme Luiz
Published: August 2023

Trata-se de um caso de ensino baseado na história da SunTech, startup do segmento de geração distribuída, fundada por três sócios com longa experiência profissional no setor elétrico brasileiro. Apesar dos bem-sucedidos marcos alcançados pela empresa nos últimos anos, a startup vinha encontrando dificuldades no processo de captação de investidores para viabilizar seu crescimento. Se de um lado era absolutamente clara a oportunidade de mercado percebida pelos empreendedores, de outro lado os empreendedores se viam diante de um obstáculo de difícil transposição. Como resultado, se reuniram no escritório da startup para mapear e discutir suas opções.
Editorial Board
Authors: Admin JOSCM
Published: August 2023

Editorial Board JOSCM, v. 1, n. 1, 2008
Editorial Board
Authors: Admin JOSCM
Published: August 2023

Editorial Board, JOSCM v. 1, n. 2, 2008
Editorial Board
Authors: Admin JOSCM
Published: August 2023

Editorial Board, JOSCM v. 2, n. 1, 2009
Editorial Board
Authors: Admin JOSCM
Published: August 2023

Editorial Board, JOSCM v. 4, n. 2, 2011
Editorial Board
Authors: Admin JOSCM
Published: August 2023

Editorial Board, JOSCM v. 6, n. 2, 2017
Editorial Board
Authors: Admin JOSCM
Published: August 2023

Editorial Board, JOSCM v. 7, n. 1, 2014
Editorial Board
Authors: Admin JOSCM
Published: August 2023

Editorial Board, JOSCM v. 7, n. 2, 2014
Direito administrativo dos Estados Unidos: um modelo para o direito administrativo global?
Authors: Stewart Richard B.
Published: August 2023

Este artigo examina o potencial de utilização do direito administrativo dos EUA no desenvolvimento de um direito administrativo global para garantir maior responsabilidade pelo crescente exercício da autoridade regulatória por parte dos tomadores de decisão governamentais internacionais ou transnacionais em uma ampla variedade de campos. Ele discute como o direito e a prática administrativos dos EUA podem constituir um ponto de partida útil para o desenvolvimento de abordagens “top down” e “bottom up” para compreender e desenvolver o direito administrativo global. Um direito administrativo global deve, é claro, basear-se em princípios e práticas jurídicas de muitos sistemas e tradições jurídicas nacionais e regionais, bem como em fontes do direito internacional. Dessa forma, a perspectiva baseada nos EUA oferecida neste artigo é apenas uma das muitas que devem ser consideradas.
A análise econômica melhorou as decisões regulatórias?
Authors: Hahn Robert W. , Tetlock Paul C.
Published: August 2023

Em resposta ao impacto cada vez maior da regulamentação, vários governos introduziram a análise econômica como uma forma de tentar melhorar a política de regulamentação. Este documento apresenta uma avaliação abrangente da análise econômica da regulamentação apoiada pelo governo. Constatamos que há um interesse crescente no uso de ferramentas econômicas, como a análise de custo-benefício; no entanto, a qualidade da análise nos EUA e na União Europeia frequentemente não atende às diretrizes amplamente aceitas. Além disso, a relação entre a análise e as decisões políticas é tênue. Para resolver essa situação, recomendamos a busca de uma agenda em que a economia desempenhe um papel mais central na tomada de decisões regulatórias. Além disso, sugerimos que os mercados de previsão poderiam ajudar a aprimorar a política regulatória e melhorar a medição do impacto da regulamentação.
O poder público e a proteção de dados pessoais no Brasil: novos desafios, velhas práticas administrativas
Authors: Carvalho Lucas Borges de
Published: August 2023

Desde a sua tramitação no Congresso Nacional, a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais gerou resistências no âmbito do setor público no país, em geral fundadas na concepção de que suas normas constituem um entrave à inovação e à execução eficiente de políticas e serviços públicos. O artigo sustenta que essa retórica da eficiência e da inovação encobre o recurso a velhas práticas administrativas. De um lado, amplas prerrogativas discricionárias, imunes ao controle social e jurisdicional. De outro, a falta de transparência das operações com dados pessoais realizadas por instituições públicas. Amparado em decisões recentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal, argumenta-se que o direito à proteção de dados pessoais possui uma relevante dimensão política, que promove a transparência e garante aos titulares de dados o controle sobre o fluxo de suas informações na sociedade. Trata-se de uma necessária barreira jurídica para evitar desvios de finalidade e conter os riscos de vigilância e de práticas discriminatórias.
Supremo Tribunal Federal, Covid-19 e as finanças públicas: uma análise jurisprudencial com suporte da ciência de dados
Authors: Wang Daniel Wei Liang , Esteves Luiz Fernando Gomes , Armani Gabriela Fischer
Published: August 2023

A Covid-19, com seu devastador impacto sobre a saúde e a economia, também afetou as finanças públicas. Este artigo trata sobre a jurisprudência do STF durante a pandemia em casos relativos às normas que disciplinam as finanças públicas. Com o auxílio computacional, foi realizada a coleta sistemática e exaustiva das decisões da Corte sobre: dívidas de entes subnacionais com a União, precatórios, regras orçamentárias e de responsabilidade fiscal, uso de verbas para o combate à pandemia, gastos com funcionalismo público e normas estaduais sobre emendas parlamentares. A análise qualitativa desse material trouxe como principais achados que (a) a excepcionalidade do contexto da pandemia foi fundamento para diversas decisões em matéria orçamentária; (b) muitas mudanças legislativas nessa área regulamentavam situações que já estavam sendo discutidas pelo STF e a sua atuação pode ter motivado algumas dessas mudanças; e (c) o STF tendeu a atender demandas de desoneração financeira por parte de entes subnacionais, ainda que às custas da União.
Bicentenário da Independência
Authors: Lamoso de Gusmão Ramon
Published: August 2023

Independência do Brasil (2022), do historiador e professor da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) João Paulo Pimenta, apresenta ao grande público aspectos essenciais para compreender o processo de separação entre Brasil e Portugal, que em 2022 completa o bicentenário. Sem transigir com o rigor científico do pesquisador e historiador profissional, Pimenta desfaz mitos, apagamentos e mentiras sobre a nossa Independência que ainda dominam o imaginário nacional. Para isso, escreve de maneira fluida e objetiva. O livro cumpre, com louvor, a proposta de combater simplificações. Alcança desde professores e estudantes do Ensino Médio até leitores interessados na História do Brasil.
Από τα τρολ της μυθολογίας στο τρολάρισμα της ψηφιακής λαογραφίας
Authors: Ζαρέντη Μαρία
Published: August 2023

Η εξάπλωση του διαδικτύου και η επακόλουθη ανάπτυξη των μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης επέφεραν το φαινόμενο του διαδικτυακού τρολαρίσματος (trolling) και την εμφάνιση των τρολ (trolls). Στη γλώσσα του διαδικτύου, η λέξη «τρολ» αποδίδεται σε ένα πρόσωπο που παρεμβάλλεται στη συζήτηση μιας διαδικτυακής κοινότητας και δημοσιεύει σχόλια, με στόχο την πρόκληση έντονων συναισθηματικών αντιδράσεων. Η λέξη «τρολάρισμα» αποδίδει την αντίστοιχη κοινωνική πρακτική. Το φαινόμενο αυτό είναι αρκετά διαδεδομένο στο Facebook, την πιο δημοφιλή πλατφόρμα των μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης. Η προέλευση των λέξεων «τρολ» και «τρολάρισμα» παραπέμπει στη μυθολογία και τη λαογραφία των Σκανδιναβικών χωρών και συνδέεται με στοιχεία του λαϊκού πολιτισμού, όπως τη μαγεία, τους θρύλους, τα παραμύθια, τους νεκρούς προγόνους και τον κατεργάρη (trickster). Η συγκεκριμένη διδακτορική διατριβή, με τίτλο: «Από τα τρολ της μυθολογίας στο τρολάρισμα της Ψηφιακής Λαογραφίας. Διερεύνηση του φαινομένου στην κοινωνική δικτύωση και πορίσματα έρευνας στην Τεχνική Εκπαίδευση (ΕΠΑ.Λ.) της Δωδεκανήσου», επιδιώκει να συνδέσει τα μέσα κοινωνικής δικτύωσης (Social Media) και τον λαϊκό πολιτισμό, ερευνώντας τη σύγχρονη λαϊκή λογοτεχνία στην κοινωνική δικτύωση μέσα από τις απόψεις των μαθητών για το φαινόμενο του τρολαρίσματος στο Facebook. Ως μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση αρχικά επιλέχθηκε η βιβλιογραφική-δικτυογραφική μελέτη σε εγχώριο και διεθνές επίπεδο, σε συνδυασμό με την ανάλυση περιεχομένου από περιβάλλοντα, όπως ιστότοποι, fora, videos κ.ά., που έχουν δημιουργηθεί με στόχο το τρολάρισμα καθαυτό. Στη συνέχεια, ακολούθησε η ποσοτική έρευνα με τη διαμόρφωση διαδικτυακού ερωτηματολογίου που στάλθηκε μέσω ηλεκτρονικού ταχυδρομείου (email) στις σχολικές μονάδες της τεχνικής εκπαίδευσης Δωδεκανήσου (ΕΠΑ.Λ). Το ερωτηματολόγιο αποτελείται από τέσσερις ενότητες: η πρώτη ενότητα περιλαμβάνει τα δημογραφικά στοιχεία των μαθητών/τριών, η δεύτερη ερωτήσεις για το σύγχρονο τρολάρισμα, η τρίτη ερωτήσεις για το τρολάρισμα και τον λαϊκό πολιτισμό και η τέταρτη ερωτήσεις για τα τρολ. Στην παρούσα εισήγηση, γίνεται ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων του ερωτηματολογίου και παρουσιάζεται το στάδιο της περιγραφικής και της επαγωγικής στατιστικής.
Monitoring Subject Learning Outcomes for Sustainable Development
Authors: Burmistrova N. , Ilina N. , Kornilceva E. , Simonova N. , Shmakova A.
Published: August 2023

The article examines the problem of improving the quality of subject educational results at an economic university in the interests of sustainable development. The authors noted that the modern unstable world requires a professional in any field to be able to solve new problems in changing circumstances. This makes it necessary to develop a strategy for preparing a competent, mobile and creative worker in the field of education. In this regard, the emphasis in the organization of the educational process naturally shifts from the procedural component to the productive component. At the same time, the significance of the student’s subjective position increases: the integration of his motivational attitudes, social and market demand as a future professional. Based on the analysis of the most important international documents, the principles of education for sustainable development are identified, which are grouped according to their functional orientation. The first group determines the development of the individual (continuity of education, professional culture of interaction, the effectiveness of education, transformative intelligence). The second group provides conditions for personal development (fundamentalization, openness of education, advanced learning, active learning, informatization, monitoring of learning outcomes, etc.). The requirements for the results of subject mathematical training at the University of Economics are determined in the context of the principles of education for sustainable development. Based on the results of the study, a pedagogical experiment was conducted, during which the monitoring of educational results within the disciplines of the subject area “Mathematics” was carried out. The influence of experimental learning (use of case-tasks, project-type tasks) in the course of mathematical training on the level of formation of the components of mathematical competence in the context of ESD principles was studied. The results of pedagogical measurements showed a positive dynamics of the components of mathematical competence, in particular, the motivational and value qualities of future bachelors and masters.
Adaptive Computer Technologies As Means of Effective Education of Children with Special Educational Needs
Authors: Zenkina S. , Yusova M.
Published: August 2023

The article discusses the main types of adaptive computer technologies that can be used for educational purposes, including to improve visual perception in children with special educational needs. The features of the use of adaptive technologies depending on nosology and special educational needs are revealed.
Parental Readiness to Implement the Educational Function As a Pedagogical Phenomenon
Authors: Nikitina E. , Sharonova O. , Gavrilova A.
Published: August 2023

This article presents an analysis of psychological and pedagogical research on the problem of parents’ readiness to implement the educational function. The authors focus on the importance of organizing family education and the need to create psychological and pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the ideas of preparing parents for pedagogical interaction.
Binary Extended Formulations and Sequential Convexification
Authors: Aprile Manuel , Conforti Michele , Di Summa Marco
Published: August 2023

A binarization of a bounded variable x is obtained via a system of linear inequalities that involve x together with additional variables [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] so that the integrality of x is implied by the integrality of [Formula: see text]. A binary extended formulation of a mixed-integer linear set is obtained by adding to its original description binarizations of its integer variables. Binary extended formulations are useful in mixed-integer programming as imposing integrality on 0/1 variables rather than on general integer variables has interesting convergence properties and has been studied from both the theoretical and practical points of view. We study the behavior of binary extended formulations with respect to sequential convexification. In particular, given a binary extended formulation and one of its variables x, we study a parameter that measures the progress made toward enforcing the integrality of x via application of sequential convexification. We formulate this parameter, which we call rank, as the solution of a set-covering problem and express it exactly for the classic binarizations from the literature.

Funding: M. Aprile and M. Di Summa are supported by the University of Padova [SID 2019 Grant C94I20000280005].
Children with special educational needs and parental burnout during the pandemic lockdown period
Authors: ÇİMEN İrem Damla , YEĞİN Zeliha , GÜMÜŞSOY Ahmet Sefa , KAPUCU Tuğçe
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether children with special needs and their parents had problems with special education needs during the lockdown, and to examine the relationship between the special education process and the parent-child relationship, the level of burnout of parents.
Material and Methods: Our study included 283 parents with children registered to a special education and rehabilitation centers in Kocaeli province of Turkey during the 2020-2021 academic year. Sociodemographic data form, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Parent-Child Relationship Scale were given to parents.
Results: Burnout of the parents with children with autism spectrum disorder is at a higher level. The development of the children with parents who had high burnout scores regressed. The progress in the development of children whose mothers were employed, whose parents did not work from home, whose family's monthly income was 4501 TL and above, and who received special education for 0-24 months until the restriction period of the pandemic was reported as better by the parents. Parents with children aged 11-below have more positive relationship with their children.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the closure of special education may play a role in increased burnout and negatively affected children and parents. Monitoring the development process of children and the mood of parents during pandemics or other situations that lead to the closure of special education centres will be important to identify the problem areas and prepare support programmes.
O/a pedagogo/a na universidade: o papel dos serviços de apoio pedagógico na política de assistência estudantil
Authors: Magalhães Jonas Emanuel Pinto
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo tem como motivação principal problematizar os espaços e as possibilidades de atuação do/a pedagogo/a na universidade e em instituições de ensino superior (IES).  De modo mais específico, busca  refletir sobre a importância desse profissional na atual política de assistência estudantil, mormente nos serviços e ações de apoio pedagógico que compõem uma das linhas de atuação do Plano Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES). Apoiando-se em uma pesquisa de tipo bibliográfica e documental, discutimos as mudanças no perfil dos estudantes das IES públicas,  sua relação com as políticas de reserva de vagas em curso desde a última década e a indispensável consecução de políticas estudantis de assistência e permanência que garantam não só o acesso, mas a permanência e o sucesso escolar dos estudantes mais vulneráveis no ensino superior. Apresentamos estudos sobre os processos de transição e integração de estudantes no ambiente universitário que apontam para a necessidade premente de criação de dispositivos que contribuam para o atendimento de dificuldades de aprendizagem, desenvolvimento de habilidades de estudo e integração social e acadêmicos dos estudantes no ensino superior. Finalmente, defendemos a relevância dos serviços de apoio pedagógico no referido contexto e a primazia da atuação do/a pedagogo/a em ações dessa natureza, em razão da importância de se qualificar esse serviço conferindo-lhe um olhar especializado, reflexivo e crítico.
EDUCAÇÃO E PANDEMIA: LIÇÕES DO COTIDIANO A PARTIR DA EXPERIÊNCIA DO FUNDAMENTAL II DA ESCOLA NOSSA
Authors: Bocchini Ana Gouvea
Published: August 2023

Jorge Larrosa provoca educadores a fazerem educação a partir de algo que nos atravesse, a partir da experiência vivida. Durante a pandemia do COVID-19, educadores de todo o mundo precisaram pensar e repensar a educação, nossas práticas cotidianas, além de “dar conta” do processo de escolarização com afastamento social. Este artigo conta a experiência vivida durante o ano de 2020 no Ensino Fundamental II da Escola Nossa, uma escola associativa de Niterói-RJ, onde a autora deste artigo – Ana Bocchini – atuou como coordenadora pedagógica.
Taking The Lead
Authors: Fanning Paul
Published: August 2023

The requirements of manufacturing and the abilities of AM are growing more closely aligned. Here Andy Langfeld, President, EMEA at Stratasys, explores what this means for the technologies, the 3D printing/additive manufacturing industry and the future drivers of the associated technologies.
Picking for Production Made Easy by BITO
Authors:   BITO
Published: August 2023

Storage and order picking equipment are essential for maintaining efficient material flow. Creating the ideal system will give manufacturers a massive increase in storage capacity and pick rates within the space they have available, says Edward Hutchison, Managing Director of BITO Storage Systems.
Periodic two-dimensional descriptor systems
Authors: Benner Peter , Van Dooren Paul
Published: August 2023

In this note, we analyze the compatibility conditions of 2D descriptor systems with periodic coefficients and we derive a special coordinate system in which these conditions reduce to simple matrix commutativity conditions. We also show that the compatibility of the different trajectories in such a periodic 2D descriptor system can elegantly be formulated in terms of so-called matrix relations of regular pencils, which were introduced in [Benner and Byers. An arithmetic for matrix pencils: Theory and new algorithms. Numer. Math., 103(4):539-573, 2006]. We then show that these ideas can be extended to multidimensional periodic descriptor systems and briefly discuss the difference between the case of complex and real coefficient matrices.
Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Vollenhovia Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Five New Species from India
Authors: Dhadwal Tarun , Rilta Joginder Singh , Bharti Himender
Published: August 2023

Five new species Vollenhovia pfeifferi sp. nov., V. mawrapensis sp. nov. , V. karimalaensis sp. nov., V. taylori sp. nov. and V. terrayami sp. nov. are described from India. An identification key supplemented with digital images of the known species of the genus based on theworker caste from India is also provided.
José Carlos Mariátegui and the Lasting Impact of his European Travels
Authors: Papiashvili Megi
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Mariátegui was a prolific writer who produced the most influential socialist literature in Latin America. Because of his political activism, he was forced to leave Peru to avoid imprisonment during Augusto B. Leguía’s dictatorship. Between 1919 and 1923, he traveled throughout Europe, witnessed some of that continent’s most transformative events, and met leading intellectuals who exercised a profound influence on his writings and thoughts. Employing Iain Chambers’s theory on identity, this article reexamines the role that Mariátegui’s European travels played in shaping his writings, a legacy that continues to exert significant literary, historical, and sociopolitical influence in contemporary Peru.
Broadband directional scattering through a phase difference acquired in composite nanoparticles
Authors: Kotte T. P. S. , Adam A. J. L. , Zuidwijk T. , Heerkens C. T. H. , Xu M. , Urbach H. P.
Published: August 2023

We study the broadband scattering of light by composite nanoparticles through the Born approximation, FEM simulations, and measurements. The particles consist of two materials and show broadband directional scattering. From the analytical approach and the subsequent FEM simulations, it was found that the directional scattering is due to the phase difference between the fields scattered by of each of the two materials of the nanoparticle. To confirm this experimentally, composite nanoparticles were produced using ion-beam etching. Measurements of SiO2 / Au composite nanoparticles confirmed the directional scattering which was predicted by theory and simulations.
Non-reciprocal electromagnetic metasurface based on the nonlinearity of a liquid metamaterial
Authors: Zharov Alexander , Fierro Vanessa , Celzard Alain
Published: August 2023

In this Letter, we propose the design of a non-reciprocal electromagnetic metasurface, which uses a highly nonlinear liquid metamaterial as a source of non-reciprocity. We show that the proposed metasurface, whose thickness is comparable to the wavelength, can exhibit a difference between the transmission coefficients in the forward and backward directions of up to 0.95. Moreover, the particularly high nonlinearity of the liquid metamaterial enables the radiation power required to induce the nonlinear effects to be considerably reduced compared with natural materials. The feasibility of the proposed metasurface has been verified by numerical simulations.
Artificial selection reveals complex genetic architecture of shoot branching and its response to nitrate supply in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tavares Hugo , Readshaw Anne , Kania Urszula , de Jong Maaike , Pasam Raj K. , McCulloch Hayley , Ward Sally , Shenhav Liron , Forsyth Elizabeth , Leyser Ottoline
Published: August 2023

Quantitative traits may be controlled by many loci, many alleles at each locus, and subject to genotype-by-environment interactions, making them difficult to map. One example of such a complex trait is shoot branching in the model plant Arabidopsis, and its plasticity in response to nitrate. Here, we use artificial selection under contrasting nitrate supplies to dissect the genetic architecture of this complex trait, where loci identified by association mapping failed to explain heritability estimates. We found a consistent response to selection for high branching, with correlated responses in other traits such as plasticity and flowering time. Genome-wide scans for selection and simulations suggest that at least tens of loci control this trait, with a distinct genetic architecture between low and high nitrate treatments. While signals of selection could be detected in the populations selected for high branching on low nitrate, there was very little overlap in the regions selected in three independent populations. Thus the regulatory network controlling shoot branching can be tuned in different ways to give similar phenotypes.
Kynurenic acid, a key L-tryptophan-derived metabolite, protects the heart from an ischemic damage
Authors: Bigelman Einat , Pasmanik-Chor Metsada , Dassa Bareket , Itkin Maxim , Malitsky Sergey , Dorot Orly , Pichinuk Edward , Kleinberg Yuval , Keren Gad , Entin-Meer Michal
Published: August 2023

Background

Renal injury induces major changes in plasma and cardiac metabolites. Using a small- animal in vivo model, we sought to identify a key metabolite whose levels are significantly modified following an acute kidney injury (AKI) and to analyze whether this agent could offer cardiac protection once an ischemic event has occurred.

Methods and results

Metabolomics profiling of cardiac lysates and plasma samples derived from rats that underwent AKI 1 or 7 days earlier by 5/6 nephrectomy versus sham-operated controls was performed. We detected 26 differential metabolites in both heart and plasma samples at the two selected time points, relative to sham. Out of which, kynurenic acid (kynurenate, KYNA) seemed most relevant. Interestingly, KYNA given at 10 mM concentration significantly rescued the viability of H9C2 cardiac myoblast cells grown under anoxic conditions and largely increased their mitochondrial content and activity as determined by flow cytometry and cell staining with MitoTracker dyes. Moreover, KYNA diluted in the drinking water of animals induced with an acute myocardial infarction, highly enhanced their cardiac recovery according to echocardiography and histopathology.

Conclusion

KYNA may represent a key metabolite absorbed by the heart following AKI as part of a compensatory mechanism aiming at preserving the cardiac function. KYNA preserves the in vitro myocyte viability following exposure to anoxia in a mechanism that is mediated, at least in part, by protection of the cardiac mitochondria. A short-term administration of KYNA may be highly beneficial in the treatment of the acute phase of kidney disease in order to attenuate progression to reno-cardiac syndrom and to reduce the ischemic myocardial damage following an ischemic event.
Prehospital prediction of hospital admission for emergent acuity patients transported by paramedics: A population-based cohort study using machine learning
Authors: Strum Ryan P. , Mowbray Fabrice I. , Zargoush Manaf , Jones Aaron P.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The closest emergency department (ED) may not always be the optimal hospital for certain stable high acuity patients if further distanced ED’s can provide specialized care or are less overcrowded. Machine learning (ML) predictions may support paramedic decision-making to transport a subgroup of emergent patients to a more suitable, albeit more distanced, ED if hospital admission is unlikely. We examined whether characteristics known to paramedics in the prehospital setting were predictive of hospital admission in emergent acuity patients.

Materials and methods

We conducted a population-level cohort study using four ML algorithms to analyze ED visits of the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 in Ontario, Canada. We included all adult patients (≥18 years) transported to the ED by paramedics with an emergent Canadian Triage Acuity Scale score. We included eight characteristic classes as model predictors that are recorded at ED triage. All ML algorithms were trained and assessed using 10-fold cross-validation to predict hospital admission from the ED. Predictive model performance was determined using the area under curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals and probabilistic accuracy using the Brier Scaled score. Variable importance scores were computed to determine the top 10 predictors of hospital admission.

Results

All machine learning algorithms demonstrated acceptable accuracy in predicting hospital admission (AUC 0.77–0.78, Brier Scaled 0.22–0.24). The characteristics most predictive of admission were age between 65 to 105 years, referral source from a residential care facility, presenting with a respiratory complaint, and receiving home care.

Discussion

Hospital admission was accurately predicted based on patient characteristics known prehospital to paramedics prior to arrival. Our results support consideration of policy modification to permit certain emergent acuity patients to be transported to a further distanced ED. Additionally, this study demonstrates the utility of ML in paramedic and prehospital research.
Metabolic responses and performance of Holstein × Gyr heifers grazing Brachiaria decumbens supplemented with varied crude protein levels
Authors: Castro Marcelo Messias Duarte , DeVries Trevor James , Machado Andreia Ferreira , Ferreira Marina Madureira , Rennó Luciana Navajas , Marcondes Marcos Inacio
Published: August 2023

We aimed to evaluate the effect of supplemental CP on the nutritional characteristics and performance of Holstein × Gyr crossbreed heifers grazing intensively-managed Brachiaria decumbens throughout the year. Thirty-eight heifers with average initial body weight of 172.5 ± 11.15 kg (mean ± SE) and 8.2 ± 0.54 mo of age were randomly assigned to four treatments: three protein supplements (SUP) composed of soybean meal and ground corn fed at 5g/kg of BW, plus a control group (CON). The supplements had 12, 24 and 36% of CP for treatments S12 (n = 9), S24 (n = 10), and S36 (n = 9), respectively. The experiment latest one year, subdivided into four seasons: rainy, dry, rainy-dry transition (RDT), and dry-rainy transition (DRT). Feces and pasture samples were collected for 4 days in each season, using chromium oxide, titanium dioxide, and indigestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) to estimate fecal excretion, supplement, and pasture intake, respectively. The data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIXED of the SAS with repeated measures. No effects of supplementation were detected on pasture and NDF intake. However, SUP animals had a greater intake of DM, metabolizable energy, and metabolizable protein. A positive linear response on metabolizable protein intake was observed among SUP animals. We observed an interaction between treatment and season for all digestibility variables, with a positive linear response in CP digestibility among SUP animals during all seasons. For neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility, we observed a positive linear response in RDT and rainy seasons and a quadratic response during the dry season. Furthermore, SUP animals had greater average daily gain (ADG) than non-supplemented animals, and among SUP animals, there was a quadratic response to ADG, with the greatest gain observed in S24. We observed greater nitrogen retention coefficient in SUP animals than in non-supplemented animals and a positive linear effect among SUP animals. Supplemental CP did not affect microbial protein production and efficiency. We observed an interaction between treatment and season for blood glucose, with SUP animals having greater glucose concentration in all seasons than non-supplemented animals. Additionally, we observed a quadratic response among SUP animals only during RDT and dry season, with the greatest glucose concentration in S24. SUP animals had greater blood concentrations of urea and IGF-1. In conclusion, SUP animals had greater intake, digestibility, and performance than non-supplemented animals, with the 24% CP supplement demonstrating the best metabolic responses and performance.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with chronic systemic inflammatory disease in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Yaginuma Hiroaki , Saito Yuichi , Sato Takanori , Yamashita Daichi , Matsumoto Tadahiro , Suzuki Sakuramaru , Wakabayashi Shinichi , Kitahara Hideki , Sano Koichi , Kobayashi Yoshio
Published: August 2023

Background

Chronic systemic inflammatory diseases (CSIDs) such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are reportedly associated with an increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular events including acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, data are limited on clinical characteristics and ischemic and bleeding outcomes after acute MI in patients with CSIDs.

Methods

This bi-center registry included a total of 1001 patients with acute MI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. CSIDs included inflammatory rheumatological conditions (RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, etc.) and organ-specific diseases (chronic hepatitis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, etc.). The primary endpoint was net adverse clinical events (NACE), a composite of ischemic (all-cause death, MI, and ischemic stroke) and major bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 or 5) events, during hospitalization and after discharge.

Results

Of the 1001 patients, 58 (5.8%) had CSIDs. The proportion of women was higher in patients with CSIDs than those without (37.9% vs. 22.1%, p = 0.009). During the hospitalization, no significant differences in the primary endpoint of NACE were observed between patients with and without CSIDs (10.3% vs. 12.7%, p = 0.84). During the median follow-up of 42.6 months after discharge, patients with CSIDs had a higher risk of NACE (22.5% vs. 10.1%, p = 0.01) than those without, mainly driven by an increased risk of ischemic events (18.4% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

A small but significant proportion of patients with acute MI (5.8%) had CSIDs. While the incidence of in-hospital events was similar, patients with CSIDs had worse outcomes after discharge, suggesting that further clinical investigations and therapeutic approaches are needed in this patient subset.
Exploring gender differences in HIV-related stigma and social support in a low-resource setting: A qualitative study in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Celeste-Villalvir Alane , Payan Denise D. , Armenta Gabriela , Palar Kartika , Then-Paulino Amarilis , Acevedo Ramón , Fulcar Maria Altagracia , Derose Kathryn P.
Published: August 2023

HIV-related stigma can affect health by compromising coping and social support. Gender differences in stigma experiences and social support are underexplored, particularly in the Caribbean. We conducted semi-structured interviews (N = 32) with patients at two HIV clinics in the Dominican Republic. Transcripts were coded using qualitative content analysis (deductive and inductive approaches) to identify themes regarding stigma experiences and social support, which were then compared across men and women participants to identify gender differences. While both men and women described experienced stigma, including verbal abuse, men’s experience of stigma were subtler and women described outright rejection and instances of physical violence, including intimate partner violence. Both men and women described job discrimination, but women described severe disempowerment as well as permanent loss of income and/or employment whereas men described temporary changes in employment and /or decrease in income. Men and women described modifying behavior due to anticipated stigma, but only women discussed isolating themselves and discomfort taking HIV medication in front of others. Regarding internalized stigma, both men and women described shame, guilt, and depression over their HIV status, though these experiences were more common among women. Women’s experiences prevented health care seeking and included suicidality, while men sometimes blamed women for their HIV status and expressed a desire to “move on” and “look ahead.” Both men and women described receiving financial support from family and friends, community support from neighbors, governmental support, and support from other people living with HIV. Women most frequently discussed receiving support from family and friends and using religiosity to cope, whereas men referenced general family support and government benefits and were less forthcoming about personal relationships and social networks, oftentimes not disclosing HIV status to others. The social context of HIV-related stigma affects women and men differently with physical and mental health impacts and may require distinct mitigation approaches.
Inter-household transfers of material goods among Sama “sea nomads” of the Philippines: Reciprocity, helping, signaling, or something else?
Authors: Phelps Julia R. , Pitogo Kier Mitchel E. , Emit Angelica T. , Hill Kim
Published: August 2023

The extent to which humans share with both kin and non-kin is a defining characteristic of our species. Evolutionary research suggests that pervasive reliance on inter-individual transfers of goods and services may have evolved to support a cooperative breeding adaptation in humans. However, while intensivefoodsharing between individuals and families has frequently been investigated in small-scale human societies, a comprehensive analysis of the daily transfers ofallmaterial goods has not been attempted. Likewise, while much previous research on cooperative transfers focused on terrestrial foraging populations, less attention is paid to other small-scale economic modalities traditionally inhabited by humans. Drawing on over three years’ worth of interviews and observational data from a community of primarily ethnic Sama people residing along the coast of Southern Mindanao Island in the Philippines, this paper examines the overall transfer patterns of material goods in a marine foraging economy. A quantitative description of resource acquisition is followed by an in-depth exploration of the characteristics of individual households and household dyads who gave and/or received more during the study period. Results indicate that a household’s age and income are consistently correlated with increased inflow and outflow of material goods. Results also suggest differential motivations underlie inter-household sharing of food, money, and other goods in the study community. Most importantly, we find that both daily and long-term reciprocity overwhelmingly drive sharing within household dyads in the study community, despite secondary effects of kinship, relative need, and relative household age between household dyads.
The effect of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the employment skill structure: The system-GMM approach and mediation model
Authors: Jing Yuhan , Hu Mingzhao , Zhao Lingdi
Published: August 2023

Environmental regulation has played an essential function in reducing pollution and it also influences the flow of labor. Although studies on employment and environmental regulation have gained prominence, most researches ignore the heterogeneity of regulatory tools and its discrepant impacts on different skilled labor; moreover, few literatures have explored how environmental regulations affect employment. Therefore, this study creatively incorporates environmental regulation, industrial green transformation and employment skill structure into a unified analytical framework, categorizing environmental regulations into command-and-control type, market-incentive type and voluntary type and analyzing the heterogeneous influences of environmental regulations on employment skill structure. Meanwhile, we explore the indirect impact of environmental regulations on the employment skill structure from the mediating role of industrial green transformation. The following are the research findings: (1) From a national perspective, both command-and-control and market-incentive types present a U-shaped association with employment skill structure, and their intensity has not surpassed the turning point yet; while the voluntary type is positively connected with the employment skill structure. (2) From the regional analysis, the findings in central and western areas are consistent with the national results; while the market-incentive and voluntary types show a reciprocal U-shaped connection with employment skill structure in eastern, and their regulatory intensity is in the rising stage of the curve. (3) Industrial green transformation acts as a partly mediator between market-incentive type and employment skill structure, but presents a suppression effect between command-and-control type, voluntary type, and employment skill structure. This paper takes industrial green transformation as the mediating variable, which emphasizes the importance of industrial green transformation and enhances the understanding on the mechanism of environmental regulation influencing employment skill structure. The research results provide theoretical support and significant reference for China in formulating policies to facilitate industrial green transformation, mitigate pollution, and optimize employment skill structure.