bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta‐Attention Deep Learning for Smart Development of Metasurface Sensors
Authors: Gao Yuan , Chen Wei , Li Fajun , Zhuang Mingyong , Yan Yiming , Wang Jun , Wang Xiang , Dong Zhaogang , Ma Wei , Zhu Jinfeng
Published: September 2024

Optical metasurfaces with pronounced spectral characteristics are promising for sensor applications. Currently, deep learning (DL) offers a rapid manner to design various metasurfaces. However, conventional DL models are usually assumed as black boxes, which is difficult to explain how a DL model learns physical features, and they usually predict optical responses of metasurfaces in a fuzzy way. This makes them incapable of capturing critical spectral features precisely, such as high quality (Q) resonances, and hinders their use in designing metasurface sensors. Here, a transformer‐based explainable DL model named Metaformer for the high‐intelligence design, which adopts a spectrum‐splitting scheme to elevate 99% prediction accuracy through reducing 99% training parameters, is established. Based on the Metaformer, all‐dielectric metasurfaces based on quasi‐bound states in the continuum (Q‐BIC) for high‐performance metasensing are designed, and fabrication experiments are guided potently. The explainable learning relies on spectral position encoding and multi‐head attention of meta‐optics features, which overwhelms traditional black‐box models dramatically. The meta‐attention mechanism provides deep physics insights on metasurface sensors, and will inspire more powerful DL design applications on other optical devices.
Optimizing Nav1.7‐Targeted Analgesics: Revealing Off‐Target Effects of Spider Venom‐Derived Peptide Toxins and Engineering Strategies for Improvement
Authors: Luo Sen , Zhou Xi , Wu Meijing , Wang Gongxin , Wang Li , Feng Xujun , Wu Hang , Luo Ren , Lu Minjuan , Ju Junxian , Wang Wenxing , Yuan Lei , Luo Xiaoqing , Peng Dezheng , Yang Li , Zhang Qingfeng , Chen Minzhi , Liang Songping , Dong Xiuming , Hao Guoliang , Zhang Yunxiao , Liu Zhonghua
Published: September 2024

The inhibition of Nav1.7 is a promising strategy for the development of analgesic treatments. Spider venom‐derived peptide toxins are recognized as significant sources of Nav1.7 inhibitors. However, their development has been impeded by limited selectivity. In this study, eight peptide toxins from three distinct spider venom Nav channel families demonstrated robust inhibition of hNav1.7, rKv4.2, and rKv4.3 (rKv4.2/4.3) currents, exhibiting a similar mode of action. The analysis of structure and function relationship revealed a significant overlap in the pharmacophore responsible for inhibiting hNav1.7 and rKv4.2 by HNTX‐III, although Lys25 seems to play a more pivotal role in the inhibition of rKv4.2/4.3. Pharmacophore‐guided rational design is employed for the development of an mGpTx1 analogue, mGpTx1‐SA, which retains its inhibition of hNav1.7 while significantly reducing its inhibition of rKv4.2/4.3 and eliminating cardiotoxicity. Moreover, mGpTx1‐SA demonstrates potent analgesic effects in both inflammatory and neuropathic pain models, accompanied by an improved in vivo safety profile. The results suggest that off‐target inhibition of rKv4.2/4.3 by specific spider peptide toxins targeting hNav1.7 may arise from a conserved binding motif. This insight promises to facilitate the design of hNav1.7‐specific analgesics, aimed at minimizing rKv4.2/4.3 inhibition and associated toxicity, thereby enhancing their suitability for therapeutic applications.
Novel Endogenous Engineering Platform for Robust Loading and Delivery of Functional mRNA by Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Zickler Antje M. , Liang Xiuming , Gupta Dhanu , Mamand Doste R. , De Luca Mariacristina , Corso Giulia , Errichelli Lorenzo , Hean Justin , Sen Titash , Elsharkasy Omnia M. , Kamei Noriyasu , Niu Zheyu , Zhou Guannan , Zhou Houze , Roudi Samantha , Wiklander Oscar P. B. , Görgens André , Nordin Joel Z. , Castilla‐Llorente Virginia , EL Andaloussi Samir
Published: September 2024

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as an attractive therapeutic molecule for a plethora of clinical applications. For in vivo functionality, mRNA therapeutics require encapsulation into effective, stable, and safe delivery systems to protect the cargo from degradation and reduce immunogenicity. Here, a bioengineering platform for efficient mRNA loading and functional delivery using bionormal nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles (EVs), is established by expressing a highly specific RNA‐binding domain fused to CD63 in EV producer cells stably expressing the target mRNA. The additional combination with a fusogenic endosomal escape moiety, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein, enables functional mRNA delivery in vivo at doses substantially lower than currently used clinically with synthetic lipid‐based nanoparticles. Importantly, the application of EVs loaded with effective cancer immunotherapy proves highly effective in an aggressive melanoma mouse model. This technology addresses substantial drawbacks currently associated with EV‐based nucleic acid delivery systems and is a leap forward to clinical EV applications.
Intermittent Fasting‐Induced Orm2 Promotes Adipose Browning via the GP130/IL23R‐p38 Cascade
Authors: Zhu Xuejuan , Wang Xinran , Wang Jingang , Du Lei , Zhang Zhen‐Ning , Zhou Donglei , Han Junfeng , Luan Bing
Published: September 2024

Intermittent fasting (IF) plays a critical role in mitigating obesity, yet the precise biological mechanisms require further elucidation. Here Orosomucoid 2 (Orm2) is identified as an IF‐induced hepatokine that stimulates adipose browning. IF induced Orm2 expression and secretion from the liver through peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα). In adipose tissue, Orm2 bound to glycoprotein 130/interleukin 23 receptor (GP130/IL23R) and promoted adipose browning through the activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (p38‐MAPK). In obese mice, Orm2 led to a significant induction of adipose tissue browning and subsequent weight loss, an effect that is not replicated by a mutant variant of Orm2 deficient in GP130/IL23R binding capability. Crucially, genetic association studies in humans identified an obesity‐associated Orm2 variant (D178E), which shows decreased GP130/IL23R binding and impaired browning capacity in mice. Overall, the research identifies Orm2 as a promising therapeutic target for obesity, mediating adipose browning through the GP130/IL23R‐p38 signalling pathway.
Controllable In situ Polymerization of 1,3‐Dioxolane via Sustained‐Release Effect for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Sucheng , Wu Boyong , Huang Song , Lin Zitian , Song Huiyu , Du Li , Liang Zhenxing , Cui Zhiming
Published: September 2024

In situ formed poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (PDOL) electrolytes are of great interest due to the facile process and the improved interface contact. However, the practical application of in situ PDOL electrolytes is still plagued by fast solidification time (liquid state) and poor high‐voltage stability (solid state). Herein, the slow‐release carriers triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), which play dual roles as initiator sustained‐release and network confinement, can tune DOL curing time and cathode/electrolyte interface chemistry is demonstrated. Specifically, the electronegative C≐O and epoxy groups in TGIC have an affinity with BF3, the decomposition product of lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB), delaying BF3 protonation reaction and thus extending DOL solidification time. In addition, the epoxy groups in TGIC serve as crosslinking sites to form in situ crosslinked polymer electrolytes (TPDOL@FEC). The corresponding network structure suppresses the contact reaction between high‐fluidity organic components and cathodes, generating a uniform and thin cathode electrolyte interface layer. As a result, the TPDOL@FEC precursor solution can remain its liquid state even after resting 24 h at room temperature. The assembled LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2||TPDOL@FEC||Li cells display an impressive capacity retention of 91.5% after 100 cycles at 4.4 V (0.5 C). This study is expected to be a leap in the pursuit of practically feasible in situ formed PDOL electrolytes.
Perspectives and Insights Into Phenylketonuria: Provider Narratives About the Early Years Following Newborn Screening
Authors: Hollander Suzanne , Levy Harvey , Rohr Fran , Waisbren Susan , Rincon Priscila , Wessel Ann , Sacharow Stephanie
Published: September 2024

The understanding of phenylketonuria (PKU), guidelines, and treatment landscape have evolved dramatically over the decades since newborn screen implementation. We capture this rich history from the stories and experiences of a multidisciplinary provider team from Boston Children's Hospital's PKU Clinic, who treated PKU from the early years of newborn screening and who worked together for over 40 years.
Design of a 10.8 to 34.6 GHz Ultra‐Wideband Transparent Metamaterial Absorber Using an Equivalent Circuit Model
Authors: Cai Yongxi , Liu Jiaqing , Zhang Jizhe , Li Xiao , Dong Daxing , Yin Xiaogang , Fu Yangyang , Liu Youwen
Published: September 2024

In this paper, an ultra‐wideband metamaterial absorber (UWMA) is proposed and demonstrated by using a transparent and flexible sandwich structure, which consists of a top patterned double‐square loop (DSL) of conductive film, the polymer interlayer, the bottom conductive film. The work presents the UWMA's equivalent circuit model for a macroscopic analysis of its physical mechanism. Further, optimizing UWMA's structural parameters using this equivalent circuit model can greatly enhance its efficiency. The absorption coefficient of the designed structure achieves over 90% within the wide frequency range from 10.82  to 34.59 GHz due to the overlapping of three absorption bands. The experimental results indicate that the absorption coefficient of the fabricated structure exceeds 60% in the frequency range of 10.45–35.28 GHz, and reaches 90% in the majority of frequency range of 10.71–28.51 GHz, while its averaged optical transparency in the visible spectrum exceeds 75%. The UWMA achieves high transparency due to a small ratio of the surface area occupied by the ITO pattern to the total area and realizes multiple‐resonance ultra‐wideband absorption with conformality while maintaining a thickness of only 2.2 mm, which has diverse applications in the field of electromagnetics, including aircraft stealth, transparent chambers, and flexible electronic screens.
Oxygen‐Stable Electrochemical CO2 Capture using Redox‐Active Heterocyclic Benzodithiophene Quinone
Authors: Abdinejad Maryam , Massen‐Hane Michael , Seo Hyowon , Hatton T. Alan
Published: September 2024

Electrochemical carbon capture offers a promising alternative to thermal amine technology, which serves as the traditional benchmark method for CO2 capture. Despite its technological maturity, the widespread deployment of thermal amine technologies is hindered by high energy consumption and sorbent degradation. In contrast, electrochemical methods, with their inherently isothermal operation, address these challenges, offering enhanced energy efficiency and robustness. Among emerging strategies, electrochemical carbon capture systems using redox‐active materials such as quinones stand out for their potential to capture CO2. However, their practical application is currently limited by their low stability in the presence of oxygen. We demonstrate that benzodithiophene quinone (BDT‐Q), a heterocyclic quinone, exhibits high stability in electrochemical carbon capture processes with oxygen‐containing feed gas. Conducted in a cyclic flow system with a simulated flue gas mixture containing 13 % CO2 and 3.5 % O2 for over 100 hours, the process demonstrates high oxygen stability with an electron utilization of 0.83 without significant degradation, indicating a promising approach for real world applications. Our study explores the potential of new heterocyclic quinone compounds in the context of carbon capture technologies.
Effective Enrichment of Free Radicals through Nanoconfinement Boosts Electrochemiluminescence of Carbon Dots Derived from Luminol
Authors: Han Yujie , Ren Xiang , Wu Tingting , Lei Li Yan , Ma Hongmin , Ru Zhuangzhuang , Jia Yue , Feng Gao Zhong , Du Yu , Wu Dan , Wei Qin
Published: September 2024

Local enrichment of free radicals at the electrode interface may open new opportunities for the development of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) applications. The sensing platform was constructed by assembling ECL‐emitting luminol derived carbon dots (Lu CDs) onto the heterojunction Tungsten disulfide/Covalent organic frameworks (WS2@COF) for the first time, establishing a nanoconfinement‐reactor with significantly heightened ECL intensity and stability compared to the Lu CDs‐H2O2 system. This enhanced performance is credited to the COF domain‘s restricted pore environment, where WS2@COF exhibits a more negative adsorption energy for H2O2, effectively enriching H2O2 in the catalytic edge sites of WS2. Furthermore, the internal electric field at the WS2 and COF interface accelerates electron flow, boosting WS2′s catalytic activity and achieving domain‐limited catalytic enhancement of ECL. Self‐designed DNA nanomachines combined with cascading molecular keypad locking mechanisms are integrated into the biosensors, effectively guaranteeing the accuracy of the sensing process while providing crucial safeguards for molecular diagnostics and information security applications. In essence, this innovative approach represents the first system to enhance local free radical concentrations by enriching co‐reactants on the electrode surface through nanoconfinement catalysis, yielding heightened ECL intensity. The potential impact of this novel strategy and sensing mechanism on real‐bioanalysis applications is promising.
Triplet‐Sensitized Switching of High‐Energy‐Density Norbornadienes for Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage with Visible Light
Authors: Zähringer Till J. B. , Perez Lopez Nico , Schulte Robin , Schmitz Matthias , Ihmels Heiko , Kerzig Christoph
Published: September 2024

Norbornadiene‐based photoswitches have emerged as promising candidates for harnessing and storing solar energy, holding great promise as a viable solution to meet the growing energy demands. Despite their potential, the effectiveness of their direct photochemical conversion into the resulting quadricyclanes has room for improvement owing to (i) moderate quantum yields, (ii) poor overlap with the solar spectrum and (iii) photochemical back reactions. Herein, we present an approach to enhance the performance of such molecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST) systems through the triplet‐sensitized conversion of aryl‐substituted norbornadienes. Our study combines deep spectroscopic analyses, irradiation experiments, and quantum mechanical calculations to elucidate the energy transfer mechanism and inherent advantages of the resulting MOST systems. We demonstrate remarkable quantum yields using readily available sensitizers under both LED and solar light irradiation, significantly surpassing those achieved through direct excitation with photons of higher energy. In contrast to the conventional approach, light‐induced back reactions of the high‐energy products do not play any role, allowing quantitative switching within minutes. These results not only underscore the potential of triplet‐sensitized MOST systems to leverage the high energy storage capabilities of multistate photoswitches but they might also stimulate the broader usage of sensitization strategies in photochemical energy conversion.
Carbodicarbene‐Stibenium Ion‐Mediated Functionalization of C(sp3)−H and C(sp)−H Bonds
Authors: Warring Levi , Westendorff Karl S. , Bennett Marc T. , Nam Kijeong , Stewart Brennan M. , Dickie Diane A. , Paolucci Christopher , Gunnoe T. Brent , Gilliard Robert J.
Published: September 2024

Main‐group element‐mediated C−H activation remains experimentally challenging and the development of clear concepts and design principles has been limited by the increased reactivity of relevant complexes, especially for the heavier elements. Herein, we report that the stibenium ion [(pyCDC)Sb][NTf2]3 (1) (pyCDC=bis‐pyridyl carbodicarbene; NTf2=bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) reacts with acetonitrile in the presence of the base 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylpyridine to enable C(sp3)−H bond breaking to generate the stiba‐methylene nitrile complex [(pyCDC)Sb(CH2CN)][NTf2]2 (2). Kinetic analyses were performed to elucidate the rate dependence for all the substrates involved in the reaction. Computational studies suggest that C−H activation proceeds via a mechanism in which acetonitrile first coordinates to the Sb center through the nitrogen atom in a κ1 fashion, thereby weakening the C−H bond which can then be deprotonated by base in solution. Further, we show that 1 reacts with terminal alkynes in the presence of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylpyridine to enable C(sp)−H bond breaking to form stiba‐alkynyl adducts of the type [(pyCDC)Sb(CCR)][NTf2]2 (3 a–f). Compound 1 shows excellent specificity for the activation of the terminal C(sp)−H bond even across alkynes with diverse functionality. The resulting stiba‐methylene nitrile and stiba‐alkynyl adducts react with elemental iodine (I2) to produce iodoacetonitrile and iodoalkynes, while regenerating an Sb trication.
Dipole Moment Modulation of Terminal Groups Enables Asymmetric Acceptors Featuring Medium Bandgap for Efficient and Stable Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zou Bosen , Liang Anhai , Ding Pengbo , Yao Jia , Zeng Xianghao , Li Hongxiang , Ma Ruijie , Li Chunliang , Wu Weiwei , Chen Dezhang , Qammar Memoona , Yu Han , Yi Jicheng , Guo Liang , Pun Sai Ho , Halpert Jonathan E. , Li Gang , Kan Zhipeng , Yan He
Published: September 2024

This study puts forth a novel terminal group design to develop medium‐band gap Y‐series acceptors beyond conventional side‐chain engineering. We focused on the strategical integration of an electron‐donating methoxy group and an electron‐withdrawing halogen atom at benzene‐fused terminal groups. This combination precisely modulated the dipole moment and electron density of terminal groups, effectively attenuating intramolecular charge transfer effect, and widening the band gap of acceptors. The incorporation of these terminal groups yielded two asymmetric acceptors, named BTP‐2FClO and BTP‐2FBrO, both of which exhibited open‐circuit voltage (Voc) as high as 0.96 V in binary devices, representing the highest VOCs among the asymmetric Y‐series small molecule acceptors. More importantly, both BTP‐2FClO and BTP‐2FBrO exhibit modest aggregation behaviors and molecular crystallinity, making them suitable as a third component to mitigate excess aggregation of the PM6 : BTP‐eC9 blend and optimize the devices’ morphology. As a result, the optimized BTP‐2FClO‐based ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.34 %, positioning it among the highest‐performing OSCs. Our study highlights the molecular design importance on manipulating dipole moments and electron density in developing medium‐band gap acceptors, and offers a highly efficient third component for high‐performance ternary OSCs.
Single‐Step Synthesis of An Ideal Chain Antiferromagnet [H2(4,4′‐bipyridyl)](H3O)2Fe2F10 with Spin S=5/2
Authors: Wang Yanhong , Dou Yaling , Takastu Hiroshi , Wang Tao , Koo Hyun‐Joo , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Kageyama Hiroshi , Lu Hongcheng
Published: September 2024

One‐dimensional (1D) magnets are of great interest owing to their intriguing quantum phenomena and potential application in quantum computing. We successfully synthesized an ideal antiferromagnetic spin S=5/2 chain compound [H2(4,4′‐bpy)](H3O)2Fe2F10 (4,4′‐bpy=4,4′‐bipyridyl) 1, using a single‐step low‐temperature hydrothermal method under conditions that favors the protonation of the bulky bidentate ligand 4,4′‐bpy. Compound 1 consists of well‐separated (Fe3+−F−)∞ chains with a large Fe−F−Fe angle of 174.8°. Both magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements show that 1 does not undergo a magnetic long‐range ordering down to 0.5 K, despite the strong Fe−F−Fe intrachain spin exchange J with J/kB=−16.2(1) K. This indicates a negligibly weak interchain spin exchange J′. The J′/J value estimated for 1 is extremely small (<2.8×10−6), smaller than those reported for all other S=5/2 chain magnets. Our hydrothermal synthesis incorporates both [H2(4,4′‐bpy)]2+ and (H3O)+ cations into the crystal lattice with numerous hydrogen bonds, hence effectively separating the (Fe3+−F−)∞ spin chains. This single‐step hydrothermal synthesis under conditions favoring the protonation of bulky bidentate ligands offers an effective synthetic strategy to prepare well‐separated 1D spin chain systems of magnetic ions with various spin values.
Four‐State Electrochromism in Tris(4‐aminophenyl)amine‐ terephthalaldehyde‐based Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Kumar Silori Gaurav , Chien Szu‐Chia , Lin Li‐Chiang , Ho Kuo‐Chuan
Published: September 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are of massive interest due to their potential application spanning diverse fields such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, drug delivery systems, sensing, and organic electronics. In view of their application‐oriented quest, the field of electrochromism marked a significant stride with the reporting of the first electrochromic COF in 2019 [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 19831–19838]. Since then, new and novel COF structures with electrochromic features (denoted as ecCOFs) have been searched continuously. Yet, only a handful of ecCOFs have been constructed to date. A closer look at these reports suggests that multielectrochromism (showing at least three redox color states) in a COF assembly has only been achieved once, manifested through three‐state electrochromism [Angew. Chem. 2021, 133, 12606–1261]. Herein, we report four‐state electrochromism in tris(4‐aminophenyl)amine‐terephthalaldehyde (TAPA‐PDA)‐based COF constructed through the metal‐catalyst free Schiff base approach. The four‐state (orange, pear, green, and cyan) electrochromism demonstrated by the TAPA‐PDA ecCOF opens several futuristic avenues for ecCOF′s end use in flip‐flop logic gates, intelligent windows, decorative displays, and energy‐saving devices.
High Mass Transfer Rate in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Achieved with Efficient Quasi‐Gas Phase System
Authors: Xie Dan , Ding Liang‐Xin , Chen Sibo , Chen Gao‐Feng , Cheng Hui , Wang Haihui
Published: September 2024

The adhesion of H2 bubbles on the electrode surface is one of the main factors limiting the performance of H2 evolution of electrolytic water, especially at high current density. To overcome this problem, here a “quasi‐gas phase” electrolytic water reaction system based on capillary effect is proposed for the first time to improve the mass transfer efficiency of H2. The typical feature of this reaction system is that the main site of H2 evolution reaction is transferred from the bulk aqueous solution to the gas phase environment above the bulk aqueous solution, thus effectively inhibiting the aggregation of H2 bubbles and reducing the resistance of their diffusion away. Electrochemical test results show that the proposed quasi‐gas phase system can significantly reduce the potential required in H2 evolution reaction process at high current density compared with the conventional electrolytic reaction system. Specifically, the overpotential potential is reduced by 0.31 V when the H2 evolution current density of 250 mA cm−2 is achieved.
Selenium Treatment Ameliorates the Adverse Effects Caused by Dynamin Gene Knockdown in Bombyx mori
Authors: Hong Ting‐Ting , Hu Shuo , Hu Fei , Ge Wen‐Jie , Thakur Kiran , Tang Shun‐Ming , Wei Zhao‐Jun
Published: September 2024

Our previous research reported the influence of 50 μM selenium (Se) on the cytosolization (endocytosis) pathway, which in turn stimulates the growth and development of Bombyx mori. Lately, dynamin is recognized as one of the key proteins in endocytosis. To explore the underlying mechanisms of Se impact, the dynamin gene was knocked down by injecting siRNAs (Dynamin‐1, Dynamin‐2, and Dynamin‐3). This was followed by an analysis of the target gene and levels of silk protein genes, as well as growth and developmental indices, Se‐enrichment capacity, degree of oxidative damage, and antioxidant capacity of B. mori. Our findings showed a considerable decrease in the relative expression of the dynamin gene in all tissues 24 h after the interference and a dramatic decrease in the silkworm body after 48 h. RNAi dynamin gene decreased the silkworm body weight, cocoon shell weight, and the ratio of cocoon. In the meantime, malondialdehyde level increased and glutathione level and superoxide dismutase/catalase activities decreased. 50 μM Se markedly ameliorated these growth and physiological deficits as well as decreases in dynamin gene expression. On the other hand, there were no significant effects on fertility (including produced eggs and laid eggs) between the interference and Se treatments. Additionally, the Se content in the B. mori increased after the dynamin gene interference. The dynamin gene was highly expressed in the silk gland and declined significantly after interference. Among the three siRNAs (Dynamin‐1, Dynamin‐2, and Dynamin‐3), the dynamin‐2 displayed the highest interference effects to target gene expression. Our results demonstrated that 50 μM Se was effective to prevent any adverse effects caused by dynamin knockdown in silkworms. This provides practical implications for B. mori breeding industry.
Profiles of nonverbal skills used by young pre‐verbal children with autism on the ADOS‐2: Relation to screening disposition and outcomes
Authors: Hamrick Lisa R. , Ros‐Demarize Rosmary , Kanne Stephen , Carpenter Laura Arnstein
Published: September 2024

Autistic individuals exhibit differences in their use and understanding of nonverbal communication; however, individual patterns of nonverbal strengths and challenges vary significantly. This heterogeneity can complicate the diagnostic and screening processes and can result in delayed or missed diagnoses. In this study, we characterize various profiles of nonverbal communication skills among 215 pre‐verbal children with autism (Mage = 36.27 months, range = 18–70) and explore how these profiles are related to screening outcomes, diagnostic certainty, and developmental and behavioral features. We conducted a latent class analysis of nine items assessing nonverbal communication skills from the Toddler Module and Module 1 of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd Edition. Five nonverbal profiles were identified that differentiated children based on the form, function, and frequency of their nonverbal communication skills. Furthermore, screening outcomes and clinician certainty in autism diagnosis varied by nonverbal profile. False negative screening outcomes based on parent report were highest for children who used a range of nonverbal skills but with limited frequency or consistency. Clinicians, on the other hand, tended to have high certainty in an autism diagnosis for children with this profile, and instead rated their lowest certainty in diagnosing children who demonstrated consistent integration of eye contact with their nonverbal communication. The profiles identified in this study could be clinically useful in helping to identify children at highest likelihood of being overlooked during the screening or diagnostic processes, providing an opportunity to improve early identification and intervention for autism.
Research progress on plant stress‐associated protein (SAP) family: Master regulators to deal with environmental stresses
Authors: Ben Saad Rania , Ben Romdhane Walid , Čmiková Natália , Baazaoui Narjes , Bouteraa Mohamed Taieb , Ben Akacha Bouthaina , Chouaibi Yosra , Maisto Maria , Ben Hsouna Anis , Garzoli Stefania , Wiszniewska Alina , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: September 2024

Every year, unfavorable environmental factors significantly affect crop productivity and threaten food security. Plants are sessile; they cannot move to escape unfavorable environmental conditions, and therefore, they activate a variety of defense pathways. Among them are processes regulated by stress‐associated proteins (SAPs). SAPs have a specific zinc finger domain (A20) at the N‐terminus and either AN1 or C2H2 at the C‐terminus. SAP proteins are involved in many biological processes and in response to various abiotic or biotic constraints. Most SAPs play a role in conferring transgenic stress resistance and are stress‐inducible. The emerging field of SAPs in abiotic or biotic stress response regulation has attracted the attention of researchers. Although SAPs interact with various proteins to perform their functions, the exact mechanisms of these interactions remain incompletely understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of SAPs, covering their diversity, structure, expression, and subcellular localization. SAPs play a pivotal role in enabling crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress signaling pathways, making them essential for developing stress‐tolerant crops without yield penalties. Collectively, understanding the complex regulation of SAPs in stress responses can contribute to enhancing tolerance against various environmental stresses through several techniques such as transgenesis, classical breeding, or gene editing.
Beyond RNAi: How the Dicer protein modulates the antiviral innate immune response in mammalian cells
Authors: Gaucherand Léa , Baldaccini Morgane , Pfeffer Sébastien
Published: September 2024

While Dicer plays an important antiviral role through the RNAi pathway in plants and invertebrates, its contribution to antiviral immunity in vertebrates and more specifically mammals is more controversial. The apparent limited RNAi activity in mammalian cells has been attributed to the reduced long dsRNA processive activity of mammalian Dicer, as well as a functional incompatibility between the RNAi and IFN pathways. Why Dicer has lost this antiviral activity in the profit of the IFN pathway is still unclear. We propose that the primary direct antiviral activity of Dicer has been functionally replaced by other sensors in the IFN pathway, leading to its specialization toward microRNA maturation. As a result, Dicer can regulate the innate immune response and prevent basal activation of the IFN pathway in mammals. Here, we discuss this hypothesis, highlighting how the adaptation of the helicase domain of mammalian Dicer may be key to this process.
Cas‐CLOVER‐mediated knockout of STAT1: A novel approach to engineer packaging HEK‐293 cell lines used for rAAV production
Authors: Andorfer Peter , Kahlig Carolin‐Isabel , Pakusic Doris , Pachlinger Robert , John Christiane , Schrenk Irene , Eisenhut Peter , Lengler Johannes , Innthaler Bernd , Micutkova Lucia , Kraus Barbara , Brizzee Corey , Crawford Jack , Hernandez Bort Juan A.
Published: September 2024

In addressing the limitations of CRISPR‐Cas9, including off‐target effects and high licensing fees for commercial use, Cas‐CLOVER, a dimeric gene editing tool activated by two guide RNAs, was recently developed. This study focused on implementing and evaluating Cas‐CLOVER in HEK‐293 cells used for recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) production by targeting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) locus, which is crucial for cell growth regulation and might influence rAAV production yields. Cas‐CLOVER demonstrated impressive efficiency in gene editing, achieving over 90% knockout (KO) success. Thirteen selected HEK‐293 STAT1 KO sub‐clones were subjected to extensive analytical characterization to assess their genomic stability, crucial for maintaining cell integrity and functionality. Additionally, rAAV9 productivity, Rep protein pattern profile, and potency, among others, were assessed. Clones showed significant variation in capsid and vector genome titers, with capsid titer reductions ranging from 15% to 98% and vector genome titers from 16% to 55%. Interestingly, the Cas‐CLOVER‐mediated STAT1 KO bulk cell population showed a better ratio of full to empty capsids. Our study also established a comprehensive analytical workflow to detect and evaluate the gene KOs generated by this innovative tool, providing a solid groundwork for future research in precise gene editing technologies.
Is national economic growth associated with environmental social and governance performance of firms?
Authors: Biju Ajithakumari Vijayappan Nair , Jayachandran Ambili , Thomas Ann Susan , Sasidharan Aghila
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the effect of environmental, social and governance (ESG) indicators on economic growth trajectory of an emerging economy. A sample of firms listed on the ESG index of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) was examined. The findings reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between ESG performance indicators and economic growth represented as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The sample is further segregated into energy and non‐energy sectors, where the aggregate ESG scores exhibited a statistically significant influence on economic growth in both sectors. However, upon a closer examination of the individual ESG pillars, the governance pillar is observed to exert a negative influence on economic performance in non‐energy firms. In contrast, the environment and social pillars show no significant influence. The analysis then employs a unique approach by applying a Difference‐in‐differences estimator to assess the impact of Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) regulations, which confirms a positive impact on economic growth after regulations but exclusively within the non‐energy sector. This study underscores the substantial impact of ESG aggregate and individual scores on GDP per capita, which translates to economic growth.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for severe aortic regurgitation using the J‐Valve system: A midterm follow‐up study
Authors: Jin Min , Zhang Haitao , Zhou Qing , Li Shuchun , Wang Dongjin
Published: September 2024

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a well‐established intervention for severe aortic valve stenosis. However, its application for severe aortic regurgitation (AR) is still under evaluation. This study aims to present the 3‐year follow‐up outcomes of the J‐Valve system in managing severe AR.

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid‐term efficacy and durability of the J‐Valve system in the treatment of severe AR and to provide new information on this intervention.

Methods

In this retrospective, single‐center study, we evaluated the prognostic outcomes of patients with AR, who underwent treatment with the J‐Valve system at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Consecutive patients who were treated with the J‐Valve were included in the analysis. The study focused on the echocardiographic follow‐up to assess the effectiveness and durability of the J‐Valve system in managing AR.

Results

From January 2018 to December 2022, 36 high‐risk AR patients treated with the J‐Valve system had a procedural success rate of 97.2%, with one case requiring open‐heart surgery due to valve displacement. Significant improvements were observed in left ventricular diameter (from 63.50 [58.75–69.50] mm to 56.50 [53.00–60.50] mm, p < 0.001) and left atrial diameter (from 44.00 [40.00–45.25] mm to 39.00 [36.75–41.00] mm, p = 0.003) postsurgery. All patients completed the 1‐year follow‐up, with an overall mortality rate of 2 out of 36 (5.6%). Among the surviving patients, there was one case of III° atrioventricular block and one case of stroke, both occurring within 90 days postsurgery. After a 3‐year follow‐up, 15.0% of patients had mild or moderate valvular regurgitation, with no cases of moderate or severe paravalvular leak. Additionally, 89.5% of patients were classified as New York Heart Association class I or II, showing significantly enhanced cardiac function.

Conclusion

The J‐Valve system has shown positive therapeutic outcomes in treating AR, with notable effectiveness in managing the condition and significant improvements in heart failure symptoms and cardiac remodeling. However, due to the limited sample size and partial follow‐up data, it is important to emphasize the need for further research with comprehensive long‐term follow‐up, to fully validate these results.
Effects of Acid Sites on Thin MCM‐22 Zeolite Catalysts and Their Catalytic Applications for Acetylene Aromatization
Authors: Hong Jinju , Jeon Jonghyun , Kim Hee Hwan , Shin Kyung Soo , Cho Sung June , Ha Kyoung‐Su
Published: September 2024

Two types of thin zeolite MCM‐22 catalysts were prepared by using a carbon sphere template. By applying different calcination methods, a hollow sphere‐type MCM‐22 catalyst (HS‐MCM‐22) and a nanosheet‐type MCM‐22 catalyst (NS‐MCM‐22) were synthesized. Those catalysts were tested and evaluated for acetylene aromatization to see the effects of thin structures. The two types of thin catalysts were found to have higher amounts of acid sites than those of the conventional MCM‐22 catalyst. It was found that the extremely short diffusion length not only enhanced the aromatic yield, but also suppressed the formation of graphitic coke. Notably, the diffusion length of NS‐MCM‐22 was found to be at least 15 times shorter than that of conventional MCM‐22, leading to an 11% and 18% increase in benzene yield, respectively. The thin structure seemed to help the produced aromatics efficiently desorb before they were further converted into carbon precursors and coke. According to the thermogravimetric analysis, the carbon species in the spent thin catalysts were found less graphitic than that of the conventional MCM‐22 catalyst. Because of this, the thin MCM‐22 catalysts were believed to show higher coke removal capability. Especially, the coke removal rate of NS‐MCM‐22 was estimated over 90% despite the severe carbon deposition during the reaction.
Exploring Dinuclear Titanium Complexes in Titanium(III) Catalysis
Authors: Unkrig‐Bau Michael A. , Leijendekker Sara L. , Streuff Jan
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of one achiral and two chiral propylene‐bridged dititanocenes and their evaluation as catalysts in titanium(III) catalyzed ketone‐nitrile coupling reactions are reported. A reaction progress kinetics analysis of the cross‐coupling between acetophenone and benzyl cyanide reveals that, using a dinuclear titanocene catalyst, the order in catalyst is reduced from two to one in comparison to a mononuclear catalyst. Although the obtained coupling yields and enantioselectivities did not reach the results obtained with the latter, these examples constitute a proof of concept for the templated C─C coupling through coordination of ketone and nitrile to the two tethered titanium centers of a dinuclear catalyst.
Heteroatom‐Containing Zeolites as Solid Lewis Acid Catalysts for the Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxides
Authors: Gao Bohai , Li Weijie , Chai Yuchao , Wu Guangjun , Li Landong
Published: September 2024

The catalytic cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides to produce valuable cyclic carbonates represents a simple and promising strategy for CO2 utilization, circumventing the ineffective CO2 reduction process. Despite current progresses, there remains an impending demand for highly‐active, cost‐effective and stable catalysts especially the ideal heterogeneous catalytic systems. Herein, we report the preparation of heteroatom‐containing zeolites through a two‐step process comprising of framework dealumination and subsequent heteroatom incorporation, and their catalytic applications in CO2 cycloaddition to epoxides. Characterization results reveal the successful incorporation of heteroatoms into framework to derive Lewis acidic M‐Beta zeolites (M = Ti, Zr or Hf). The as‐prepared M‐Beta Lewis acids show remarkable performance in the model reaction of CO2 cycloaddition to propylene oxide with the assistance of potassium iodide under solvent‐free conditions. The reaction parameters have been optimized employing Ti‐Beta catalyst and the substrate scope has been investigated. Finally, the impact of Lewis acidity on the cycloaddition reaction is discussed and the actual bifunctional Ti‐Beta/KI catalyst system is proposed, which is of important significance for the understanding of CO2 catalytic cycloaddition to epoxides.
Utility of Biomarker‐Informed Drug Interaction Evaluation in Drug Development and Regulatory Decision Making
Authors: Ishiguro Akihiro , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Kimoto Emi , Miyoshi So , Mizuno Katsuhiko , Hoshino Motohiro , Suzuki Hiroshi
Published: September 2024

The measurement of endogenous biomarkers in plasma and urine before and after administration of an investigational drug in a clinical study may provide an early indication of its drug–drug interaction (DDI) potential via a specific pathway. In the first international harmonized guideline on drug interaction studies, the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) M12, endogenous biomarkers have been recognized as an emerging approach in the transporter‐ and enzyme‐based DDI risk assessment. Clinical Pharmacology Roundtable Conference 2024 held at Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) brought together experts from regulatory agencies, academia, and industries to discuss potential advantages and challenges of the biomarkers approach in drug development and regulatory decision making. This meeting report facilitates stakeholders involved in drug development in better understanding the utility of biomarker approaches and promotes early implementation of biomarker‐informed DDI evaluation in regulatory use.
Computationally optimized multi‐port antenna systems for WLAN/Wi‐Fi (IEEE 802.11a/h/j/n/ac/ax), 5G (mid‐band), and UWB applications
Authors: Gajbhiye Pradnya A. , Singh Satya P. , Sharma Madan Kumar
Published: September 2024

This paper presents computationally optimized 2‐element and 4‐element Multiple‐Input, Multiple‐Output (MIMO) antennas for WLAN/Wi‐Fi, 5G, and UWB applications. The antenna configuration is constructed with the orthogonal placement of sawtooth‐shaped circular monopole radiating elements. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA‐ES) optimization techniques are employed to achieve the best performance and size of the proposed antenna. Among these optimization techniques, CMA‐ES is identified as the better approach. The final optimized geometry of the 2‐element and 4‐element MIMO antennas is 49.40 mm × 24.22 mm and 49.44 mm × 45 mm, respectively. Both optimized antennas are fabricated and experimentally verified. The fractional bandwidth of the antenna is more than 110.3%, and more than −20 dB isolation is attained without employing any decoupling method. The Envelop Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Directivity Gain (DG), Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), and Channel Capacity Limit (CCL) are 0.0001, 9.99, < −15 dB, and 0.1 bits/s/Hz, respectively. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for numerous current wireless applications due to its size and performance.
A new perspective on antiangiogenic antibody drug resistance: Biomarkers, mechanisms, and strategies in malignancies
Authors: Zhao Chen , Zeng Yuan , Kang Nannan , Liu Yu
Published: September 2024

Drug resistance of malignant tumor leads to disease progression be the bottleneck in clinical treatment. Antiangiogenic therapy, which aims to “starve” the tumor by inhibiting angiogenesis, is one of the key strategies in clinical oncology treatments. Recently, dozens of investigational antibody drugs and biosimilars targeting angiogenesis have obtained regulatory approval for the treatment of various malignancies. Moreover, a new generation of bispecific antibodies based on the principle of antiangiogenesis are being advanced for clinical trial to overcome antiangiogenic resistance in tumor treatment or enhance the efficacy of monotherapy. Tumors often develop resistance to antiangiogenesis therapy, presenting as refractory and sometimes even resistant to new therapies, for which there are currently no effective management strategies. Thus, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms mediating resistance to antiangiogenesis antibodies is crucial for improving drug effectiveness and achieving a durable response to antiangiogenic therapy. In this review, we provide a novel perspective on the tumor microenvironment, including antibody structure, tumor stroma, and changes within tumor cells, to analyze the multifactorial reasons underlying resistance to antiangiogenesis antibodies. The review also enumerates biomarkers that indicate resistance and potential strategies for monitoring resistance. Furthermore, based on recent clinical and preclinical studies, we summarize potential strategies and translational clinical trials aimed at overcoming resistance to antiangiogenesis antibodies. This review provides a valuable reference for researchers and clinical practitioners involved in the development of new drugs or therapeutic strategies to overcome antiangiogenesis antibodies resistance.
Recurrence rates and risk factors in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Onishi Sachiyo , Iwashita Takuji , Tezuka Yukari , Kojima Kentaro , Takada Jun , Kubota Masaya , Ibuka Takashi , Shimizu Masahito
Published: September 2024

Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), defined in 2010, involves bleeding from the GI tract that remains unexplained after standard diagnostic procedures. OGIB, which accounts for about 5% of all GI bleeds, poses diagnostic and management challenges, particularly due to the anatomical features of the small intestine. Advances in capsule endoscopy (CE) and balloon‐assisted endoscopy have improved the diagnostic and therapeutic landscape for small intestinal lesions.

Objective

To determine the recurrence rate and identify risk factors for recurrence following diagnostic and therapeutic interventions using CE and balloon‐assisted endoscopy in patients with OGIB.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study at Gifu University Hospital analyzed CE procedures for patients with OGIB from 2008 to 2022. Patients underwent CE with subsequent treatments based on the findings. Statistical analyses, including Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards models, were used to estimate cumulative recurrence rates and identify recurrence risk factors.

Results

Out of 417 patients, 65.2% had positive CE findings, leading to therapeutic interventions in 16.3% of cases. The cumulative recurrence rates at 12, 24, and 36 months were 4.3%, 9.0%, and 13.9%, respectively. Liver cirrhosis (hazard rate: 4.15, 95% confidence interval 1.88–9.18, p < 0.01) was identified as a significant risk factor for recurrence.

Conclusions

A significant recurrence rate in OGIB patients, with liver cirrhosis being a major risk factor. Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, a comprehensive approach including careful follow‐up and consideration of risk factors is essential for management.