bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ovisnost o drogama kao kriminogeni čimbenik
Authors: Markus Klarić Marija , Klarić Dubravko
Published: November 2020

Zlouporaba droge, odstupanje od legalnih i moralnih normi, dovodi do nezakonitog, nerijetko kriminalnog ponašanja. Ovisnost, kao potencijalni uzrok kriminalnom ponašanju, prva je karika u kauzalnom lancu ostvarenja raznih oblika delinkvencije. Također treba imati u vidu dva prisutna stanja, počinjenje određenog kaznenog djela pod utjecajem droge, nabavljanje te konzumaciju droge. Kriminogeni čimbenik, koji će odrediti dimenziju samog kriminalnog ponašanja, sadržavat će subjektivnu životnu situaciju ovisnika, njegovu ovisnost kroz loše materijalno stanje, skupoću droge i sve veću potrebu za njom. Taj oblik kriminala može se razumijevati kao stečeni kriminal, jer da nije bilo ovisnosti kao važnog kriminogenog čimbenika, njegovih utjecaja na psihu, ovisnik vrlo vjerojatno ne bi ušao u zonu kriminala, odnosno ne bi se moglo govoriti o formiranju njegove kriminalne osobnosti i delinkventnog ponašanja. Pitanje kaznene odgovornosti, zapravo njegove subjektivne krivnje, kompleksno je. Koliki je značaj ovisnosti kao kriminogenog čimbenika, ovisit će isto tako i o samoj osobnosti ovisnika. Stvaranjem ovisnosti karakterne crte osobnosti se mijenjaju, zato kod kriminološke analize valja uzeti u obzir i ostale možebitne kriminogene čimbenike, ali i životnu situaciju osobe prije nego što je ušla u zonu zlouporabe droga.
Kontrola ustavnosti i zakonitosti naredbe
Authors: Vučković Josip
Published: November 2020

Zakonska ovlaštenja za donošenje naredbi u osnovi omogućuju pravodobno normiranje različitih izvanrednih situacija, u okviru kojih naredbodavac, najčešće ministar, privremeno naređuje neko postupanje ili propuštanje koje inače nije obvezatno ili se zabranjuje neko postupanje koje je inače zakonom dopušteno. Dosadašnja praksa pokazuje, međutim, da takva ovlaštenja, temeljem kojih se gospodarskim subjektima redovito ograničava kakvo na temelju zakona stečeno pravo, odnosno nameće kakva dodatna obveza ili trpljenje, često formuliraju općenito, bez jasno utvrđenih granica naredbodavne ovlasti. U ovom se radu problematizira nedorečenost novog sustavnog uređenja naredbe, koje ostavlja otvorenim pitanje nadležnosti za kontrolu ustavnosti i zakonitosti tih općeobvezujućih podzakonskih akata. Naredba, naime, u ovom trenutku ne može biti predmet objektivnog upravnog spora, a upitna je i nadležnost Ustavnog suda, imajući u vidu da Zakon o sustavu državne uprave naredbu više izrijekom ne definira kao provedbeni propis. Slijedom toga, u glavnom dijelu rada analiziraju se temeljna materijalna obilježja i pravna priroda naredbe, razmatra se pitanje nužnog stupnja određenosti i preciznosti ovlašćujuće norme i uloga načela razmjernosti u nužnom limitiranju normativne autonomije zakonodavca i naredbodavca te se, zaključno, nastoji odgovoriti na pitanje treba li (i može li) naredba biti predmet ustavnosudske kontrole ustavnosti i zakonitosti.
WeIghtIng the factors affectıng logıstıcs outsourcıng
Authors:   Anadolu University Faculty of Business Department of Business Administration, Turkey, Karamaşa Çağlar , Demir Ezgi ,   Piri Reis University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Department of Management Information Systems, Turkey, Memiş Salih ,   Giresun University Bulancak Kadir Karabaş Vocational School Department of International Trade and Logistics, Turkey, Korucuk Selçuk ,   Giresun University Bulancak Kadir Karabaş Vocational School Department of International Trade and Logistics, Turkey
Published: November 2020

Today, growing and changing competitive conditions, products, and services, free movement of labor, and businesses with the information they develop strategies that create value to obtain a competitive advantage. Now, final buyers have the convenience of purchasing the products they demand with the features and conditions they want and at the price they accept. In such an environment, businesses use their supply chain and logistics activities more effectively and efficiently than their competitors. Today, achieving a strategic superiority in a global market where the content and quality of the products are the same is only possible by delivering the desired products to the customer at the desired price, at the desired time, in the desired amount, through the right channel, as quickly as possible and without any damage. In such a situation, the desire to focus on the main activities of the enterprises, the need for effective logistics operations, etc. logistics outsourcing has increased rapidly for reasons. Businesses can carry out logistics activities requiring expertise thanks to third party logistics (3PL) service providers in the field such as transportation, storage, customs clearance, without investing in logistics. For logistics outsourcing to be beneficial, a correct logistics service provider must be selected under the needs of the business. Selecting the right logistics service provider is important in increasing the benefit of outsourcing. In this study neutrosophic AHP was used to prioritize the factors.
Deep Learning: Implications for Human Learning and Memory
Authors: McClelland James Lloyd , Botvinick Matthew M.
Published: November 2020

Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in deep learning and deep neural networks. Deep learning lies at the heart of unprecedented feats of machine intelligence as well as software people use every day. Systems built on deep learning have surpassed human capabilities in complex strategy games like go and chess, and we use them for speech recognition, image captioning, and a wide range of other applications. A consideration of deep learning is crucial for a Handbook of Human Memory, since human brains are deep neural networks, and an understanding of artificial deep learning systems may contribute to our understanding of how humans and animals learn and remember. Deep neural networks are complex, structured systems that process information in a parallel, distributed, and context sensitive fashion, and deep learning is the effort to use these systems to acquire capabilities we associate with intelligence through an experience dependent learning process. Within the field of Artificial Intelligence, work in deep learning is typically directed toward the goal of creating and understanding intelligence using all available tools and resources without consideration of their biological plausibility. Many of the ideas, however, at the heart of deep learning draw their inspiration from the brain and from characteristics of human intelligence we believe are best captured by these brain-inspired systems (Rumelhart, McClelland, and the PDP Research Group, 1986). Furthermore, ideas emerging from deep learning research can help inform us about memory and learning in humans and animals. Thus, deep learning research can be seen as fertile ground for engagement between researchers who work on related issues with implications for both biological and machine intelligence.We begin by introducing the basic constructs employed in deep learning and then consider several of the widely used learning paradigms and architectures used in these systems. We then turn to a consideration of how the constructs of deep learning relate to traditional constructs in the psychological literature on learning and memory. Next, we consider recent developments in the field of reinforcement learning that have broad implications for human learning and memory. We conclude with a consideration of areas where human capabilities still far exceed current deep learning approaches, and describe possible future directions toward understanding how these abilities might best be captured.
Beyond Lasso: A Survey of Nonconvex Regularization in Gaussian Graphical Models
Authors: Williams Donald Ray
Published: November 2020

Studying complex relations in multivariate datasets is a common task in psychological science. Recently, the Gaussian graphical model has emerged as an increasingly popular model for characterizing the conditional dependence structure of random variables. Although the graphical lasso ($\ell_1$-regularization) is the most well-known estimator across the sciences, it has several drawbacks that make it less than ideal for model selection. There are now alternative forms of regularization that were developed specifically to overcome issues inherent to the $\ell_1$-penalty.To date, this information has not been synthesized. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of nonconvex regularization that spans from the smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty to continuous approximations of the $\ell_0$-penalty (i.e., best subset) for directly estimating the inverse covariance matrix. A common thread shared by these penalties is that they all enjoy the oracle properties, that is, they perform as though the \emph{true} generating model were known in advance. To ensure their theoretical properties are general, I conducted extensive numerical experiments that indicated superior and more than competitive performance when compared to glasso and non-regularized model selection, respectively, all the while being computationally feasible for many variables. In addition, the important topics of tuning parameter selection and statistical inference in regularized models are reviewed.The penalties are employed to estimate the dependence structure of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. The discussion includes several ideas for future research, including a plethora of information to facilitate their study. I have implemented the methods in the
The Dynamics of Refugee Return: Syrian Refugees and Their Migration Intentions
Authors: Alrababah Ala , Masterson Daniel , Casalis Marine , Hangartner Dominik , Weinstein Jeremy
Published: November 2020

In order to understand how refugee crises end we require an understanding of when and why refugees return home. We study the drivers of refugees’ decision-making using original observational and experimental data from a representative sample of 3,003 Syrian refugees in Lebanon. We find that conditions in a refugee’s home country are the primary drivers of return intentions. Refugees’ decisions are influenced primarily by safety and security in their place of origin, their economic prospects, and the availability of public services. Personal networks and confidence in information are also important. By contrast, the conditions in refugee-hosting countries––so-called “push” factors––play a much smaller role. Even in the face of hostility and poor living conditions, refugees are unlikely to return unless the situation at home improves significantly. In addition to the data from Lebanon, we explore the generality of our findings using a second original survey of Syrian refugees in Jord
Do Autistic Children Need Autistic Teachers? Findings from an Online Survey in the UK
Authors: Wood Rebecca , Happe Francesca
Published: November 2020

Despite significant research into the education of autistic children and young people (CYP) and an increased awareness of the employment needs and rights of autistic adults, little attention has been paid to autistic teachers. We discuss findings drawn from an online survey in the UK in which autistic teachers and other education staff (n = 149) describe the lack of understanding, sensory impacts, mental health issues and the complexities associated with revealing an autism diagnosis as a result of their work. These issues can represent significant impediments to either entering or remaining in the school education profession. Positive experiences were also found and, from a social justice perspective, the possibilities of autistic school staff to constitute a role model for autistic CYP and to facilitate their educational inclusion are considered. Future directions in this under-researched area are also discussed.
CERDIK SEPERTI ULAR DAN TULUS SEPERTI MERPATI: BERDASARKAN MATIUS 10:16B
Authors: Gulo Arif Yupiter
Published: November 2020

Artikel ini membahas tentang studi eksegesis terhadap ungkapan, “cerdik sepertiular dan tulus seperti merpati” dalam Matius 10:16b, dengan tujuan agar maknayang sesungguhnya dari ungkapan tersebut diperoleh dan oleh para pelayan dapatmenerapkan dalam pelayanan. Penelitian ini dikembangkan dengan menggunakanpendekatan kualitatif yang secara spesifik merujuk kepada studi eksegesis. Melaluistudi apparatus, analisis dan sintaksis, serta studi narasi interpretative terhadapteks Matius 10:16b, penulis menemukan bahwa ungkapan tersebut mengacu kepadaupaya menghadapi tantangan dalam pelayanan yang ditandai bahwa para pelayansepatutnya memiliki hikmat dan integritas sehingga pekabaran dan pewartaankerajaan Allah dapat terwujud dan tercapai.
Effectiveness of GeoGebra in teaching school mathematics
Authors: Chalaune Bir Bahadur , Subedi Abatar
Published: November 2020

This article aims to explain the effectiveness of using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning school mathematics. The paper is based on the results of one month experiment of Geo Gebra software in teaching and learning the concepts and problems included in the chapter commensuration of secondary level mathematics. The effectiveness of using ICT tools were explored by measuring achievement level with the help of achievement test and overall perceptions of using ICT tools through questionnaire. The data were analyzed and interpreted by using table, frequency, percentage, mean, SD and t-test. The findings revealed that there was high mean score in achievement in mathematics of experimental group (teaching with ICT) than that of control group (without using ICT), and the difference was significant at 0.05 level. Likewise, the students of experimental group had positive perception to support the use of ICT tools in teaching and learning mathematics. Thus, the use of ICT, particularly Geo Gebra is an effective tool to increase achievement; to promote curiosity, creativity; to make clear sense of concepts; and to encourage overall learning of students in mathematics. Finally, the study suggests that school mathematics teachers need to use ICT for effective teaching and learning.
Schooling Experiences of Tamang Girls in Nepal
Authors: Shyangtan Sharmila
Published: November 2020

School education is the foundation for continuing education and attainment of basic skills and knowledge. Despite the international promises such as Education for All, Universal Primary Education, and national provision of school education as free and compulsory in Nepal, most of the marginalised people could not complete their school education. Among them, girls from the Tamang community are still confronting insurmountable challenges in accessing and undergoing schooling experience in Nepal. This paper argues that the schooling process of the Tamang girls is influenced by the embedded characteristics of cultural setting and their subjectivities through their stories. Using narrative inquiry as a research method for the study, this paper explored that schooling is shaped by the complex and dynamic role of embedded identities, power, and historicity of the community and people. I present how the Tamang girls experience their school education and how it has been the foundation for their higher education journey as well as identities formation. The paper concludes that identities of Tamang girls in school are multiple, intersubjective, and contextual, which are less recognised in modern schooling.
Ethnography of School Violence: A Cultural Perspective
Authors: Dhungana Raj Kumar
Published: November 2020

School education is largely universalised in Nepal, but schools are not yet free from different challenges like violence. This study aimed to explore how adolescents are experiencing school violence, how it affects the school life, and how Nepali public schools are responding to such violence. Exploring these aspects, as the theoretical basis, I used the idea of cultural violence (Galtung, 1990), critical theory of othering (Kumasiro, 2000) and some of the locally practiced perspectives.
Dengue Vector Control in Malaysia- Challenges and Recent Advances
Authors: HL Lee , A Rohani , MS Khadri , WA Nazni , H Rozilawati , AH Nurulhusna , AH Nor Afizah , A Roziah , R Rosilawati , CH Teh
Published: November 2020

Dengue is a serious mosquito borne disease common in tropical and sub-tropical countries including Malaysia. There is at present a lack of specific treatment and an effective tetravalent vaccine against dengue. The control of dengue depends solely on the suppression of the two most important vectors namely, Aedes aegypti and Ae albopictus. Despite intensive and extensive control efforts by health agencies, the disease continues to spread. This paper updates various innovations on control of dengue vectors. Gene-based sterile insect technique using the RIDL technology for both Aedes aegypti & Ae albopictus control has now been actively researched and field trials are pursued to evaluate the effectiveness of the technology. The release of Wolbachia-infected Ae aegypti is another dengue control innovation. The infected mosquito cannot support development of dengue virus and has shorter life span. Other innovations include: auto-dissemination of insect control agents using ovitrap, autocidal adult and larva trap, outdoor residual spraying, insecticidal paint and biocontrol agent. In other innovation, outbreak prediction capability is enhanced by developing model based on environmental data and analysis utilising neural network.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Dengue: A Review
Authors: DS Shamala
Published: November 2020

Dengue is an arthropod borne disease that has become important worldwide. There is still no specific drug available for treatment and also no protective vaccine that can be used. As such, specific diagnosis is essential to enable good management and prevention of large outbreaks. Diagnosis today in many countries is still based on serology though the detection of NS1 has slowly become incorporated. Diagnosis is critical for early intervention with specific preventive health measures to prevent fatalities and also to curtail spread and reduce economic losses. Serological assays mainly detect IgM which now as a single test is invalid unless a second sample is taken to confirm. As such to effectively diagnose dengue at all stages of infection, assays with two or more markers are required or two samples taken a few days apart. Other commonly used tests include NS1 detection, nucleic acid amplification and IgG detection. However the sensitivities of the current commercial kits vary quite considerably and have to be interpreted with caution. Hence knowledge of this disease is essential when conducting diagnostics for dengue.
Quantification of anti-fertility compound-Diosgenin concentration in the fenugreek seeds aqueous extract (FSA)
Authors: NA Ahmed Kaid , MB Norbaiyah , MA Imad , MH Norazian
Published: November 2020

Introduction: This study aims to build a standardization method for preparation of effective powder from FSA and to quantify diosgenin in FSA. Methodology: One kg of FS were used in this study. Setting: BMS, KOM and KOP, IIUM Kuantan campus. FS were washed with distilled water to exclude any foreign matter, and were then air dried. FS-powder were put in distilled water in a ratio of 1 g of powder in 20 ml of distilled water and were shaken at room temperature for 24 hours. Ten mg of hydrolyzed extract sample was diluted in 10 ml volumetric flask with methanol for 15 minutes. Chromatographic estimation was performed using an equilibrated reverse phase Eclipse XDB-C18 column (particle size 5 µg, 4.6 mm x 150 mm). Results: One gram of FSA extract was hydrolyzed to produce sapogenins and 46.6% was recovered. A calibration curve that was constructed based on five dilutions of diosgenin standard at concentrations of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 ppm produced a linear graft (r = 0.999). The concentration of diosgenin in FSA extract as calculated using the regression analysis was found to be 29.66 µg/ml, 13.81 % w/w on dried weight basis. Conclusion: Preparation and standardization of effective powder from FSA are the corner stone of many scientific researches in IIUM and Malaysia. Diosgenin is available in the FSA in adequate concentration. The adequate amount of diosgenin in the FSA will guide us to do further study in the way of preparation of a natural product that can be used in the field of reversible anti-fertility therapy.
Effects of Aromatherapy on Anxiety and Vital Signs of Myocardial Infarction Patients in Intensive Care Units
Authors: N Mirbastegan , J Ganjloo , M Bakhshandeh Bavarsad , MH Rakhshani
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Patients with myocardial infarction (MI) who were admitted to CCU experience anxiety. Anxiety increases the risk of ischemia and worsens the prognosis of MI. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of inhaling lavender oil on anxiety levels and vital signs in MI patients. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed. Sixty patients with MI were randomly assigned to the intervention and control group. The intervention group inhaled the essential oil of Lavender for three days (20-30 min/day, 3times/day) using a non absorbent paper which was stained with three drops of lavender oil. In control group steriled water was used. Each patient was assessed before and after intervention for the following clinical parameters: anxiety by state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and vital sign by Vista monitoring. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, paired t-test and Analysis of Covariance. Results: Results showed statistically significant decrease in state and trait anxiety at the end of study from 60.26±9.29 to 41.56±7.57 (P<0.001) and 55.73±10.22 to 44.53±7.28 (P<0.001) respectively, but in the control group were observed statistically significant increase in state and trait anxiety (P<0.001). Also statistically significant decrease were observed in blood pressure at the end of the intervention (p<0.05). The values for state and trait anxiety and blood pressure decrease in the intervention group in comparison with the control group (P<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that inhalation of lavender oil can reduce state and trait anxiety level and blood pressure in patients with MI.
Environmental and Occupational Health Impact of Bauxite Mining in Malaysia: A Review
Authors: KY Lee , LY Ho , KH Tan , YY Tham , SP Ling , AM Qureshi , T Ponnudurai , R Nordin
Published: November 2020

In the perspective of recent bauxite mining in Malaysia, this review aims to identify the potential environmental and health impacts on miners and surrounding communities. The environmental issues of bauxite mining include, air, water and soil pollution due to bauxite dust; leaching of bauxite into water sources resulting in reduced soil fertility as well as affecting agricultural food products and aquatic life. Bauxite occupational exposure affects the health of miners, and has negative consequences on the health of surrounding communities, such as increased respiratory symptoms, contamination of drinking water, other potential health risks from ingestion of bauxite and heavy metals, including noise-induced hearing loss and mental stress. This review discusses the processes of bauxite mining, its constituents and residual trace elements, and their impact on the environment and health of exposed workers and communities. It also explores the Malaysian legal requirements and standards of occupational exposure to bauxite.
Protesting in Pandemic Times
Authors: Kampmark Binoy
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic raised questions about reconciling health priorities with the exercise of certain liberties and rights. Public safety has come into conflict with matters of mobility, freedom of expression, and the right to protest. How can the threat of viral transmission be reconciled with the urgency of political protests, such as in the Black Lives Matter movement? This article discusses various approaches, referring to debates in the United States and Australia, where law enforcement authorities and politicians warned against protest marches, generally citing the protection of public health as a qualifying exception. Numerous epidemiologists, while acknowledging risks, argued that a calculus of risk be deployed, citing public health as a variegated, multilayered concept. A similar balancing act was deployed in Australian courts. Such reasoning led to accusations that public health science had been politicized. Striking the balance remains a pragmatic approach to holding such gatherings during times of pandemic.
Investigation of Sports Injuries and Kinesiophobia in Volleyball Players
Authors: ÜNVER Gülşah , KARA Ersan , YOLDAŞ Atila
Published: November 2020

Spor yaralanmaları, sportif faaliyetler sırasında karşılaşılan, bireysel ya da çevresel faktörlerden dolayı oluşabilen yaralanmalardır. Spor yaralanmalarının özellikleri, yapılan spor branşına göre farklılık gösterir. Bu çalışma voleybolcularda görülen kas-iskelet sistemi yaralanmalarını tespit etmek, kinezyofobi düzeylerini incelemek, sporculara ait bazı kişisel bilgiler ile yaralanma ve kinezyofobi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Voleybol branşında 102 sporcu (61 kadın ve 41 erkek) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Sporcuların yaralanmaları “Kas-İskelet Sistemi Anketi” ile değerlendirildi. Sporcuların kinezyofobi düzeyleri “Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği” ile değerlendirildi. Ayrıca, sporcular demografik bilgilerini içeren kişisel bilgi formunu da doldurdular. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 22 programı kullanıldı. Sonuçlar frekans, yüzde dağılımı, t testi, anova testi ve ki-kare testleri ile değerlendirildi. Anlamlılık düzeyi “p<0.05” olarak kabul edildi. Çalışmaya katılan sporcular arasında 75 sporcunun en az bir bölgesinde yaralanma ile karşılaştığı, bölge olarak en fazla yaralanmanın %40.2 oranıyla omuzda olduğu belirlendi. Yaralanmaların görüldüğü bazı vücut bölgeleriyle sporcuların bazı demografik bilgileri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılık göstermektedir. Cinsiyet ile bel ve boyun yaralanması, sporcunun voleyboldaki pozisyonu ile bel ve sırt yaralanması, haftalık antrenman sayısı ile ayak-ayak bileği yaralanması arasında anlamlı düzeyde ilişki çıkmıştır (p <0.05). Yaralanma geçirmiş olan sporcular içerisinde sporcuların özellikleri ile kinezyofobi değerleri bakımından anlamlı farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0.05).
COVID-19 in Myanmar: impact on society and authority
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Simoniya А.А.
Published: November 2020

The author attempts to provide a retrospective analysis of the coronavirus epidemic development in Myanmar, starting with the first cases of recorded infections. The specifics of the problem are the common border with China, which is more than 2000 km long, and the extremely low level of national health care. Given that General parliamentary elections are scheduled for the end of 2020, the actions of the main rivals − civil and military politicians, in the new conditions become particularly important. The article shows the difficulties of fighting coronavirus in areas not controlled by the center and in the conditions of ongoing military operations in certain regions. The situation is also difficult in camps for displaced persons affected by the war. A complicating factor has also been the return of tens of thousands of migrant workers from neighboring countries.
Nicodemus. A Disciple Liberated by the Cross of the Christ from the Darkness of Fear and Disbelief
Authors: Grochowski Zbigniew Tadeusz
Published: November 2020

Nicodemus, a Pharisee and one of the Jewish leaders, appears only in the Fourth Gospel. Three events in which he participates—a night meeting with Jesus (John 3:1-21), a verbal clash with members of the Sanhedrin (John 7:50-52) and a funeral, performed for Jesus together with Joseph of Arimathea (John 19:38-42)—are perceived negatively by numerous exegetes, and Nicodemus’s attitude is (sometimes harshly) criticised. However, taking into consideration the significance of all the details of the current narrative and the context of the occurring events, one should be led to the conclusion that this man, nowhere explicitly referred by the Evangelist with the term μαθητής, deserves to be called “a disciple of Christ,” who passed through the three-stage process of maturation in faith. Gradually he began to gain courage in advocating for Christ, and at the decisive moment—during Jesus’ death on the Cross—he definitely stepped out of hiding and gave a public testimony of his adherence to the Master of Nazareth. His person, through a gesture shown to the Crucified, became the locus theologicus in which Jesus revealed himself as the immortal Messiah, Prophet, and King.
Gestion des risques électoraux dans la région du G5 Sahel : Guide sur les facteurs internes
Authors: Alihodzic Sead , Enguélégué Maurice Mboula Jean-Claude Didier , Hassan Idayat
Published: November 2020

Les pays du G5 Sahel – Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger et Tchad – organiseront des élections en 2020 et 2021. Ces élections se dérouleront dans un contexte où tous sont confrontés à de grands défis humanitaires et sécuritaires, exacerbés par la fragilité de leurs institutions. La propagation de la pandémie de COVID-19 et ses impacts socio-économiques aggravent la situation et soulèvent même des questions sur la possibilité d’organiser des élections dans un environnement si volatil. Ce guide a été développé pour aider les décisionnaires et les praticiens dans ce contexte. Il présente 25 facteurs de risque liés aux processus susceptibles d’amener ou de contribuer à l’irruption de violences dans le cadre des élections. Les facteurs de risques internes sont propres à chaque élection et ne se manifestent pas hors du contexte électoral. Ils sont liés aux parties prenantes, événements, pratiques et équipements électoraux, qui peuvent saper la crédibilité des processus électoraux, voire, dans le pire des cas, susciter, à eux seuls ou combinés à d’autres facteurs, des violences électorales.
Comparable Description of Phonological Systems of the Chinese and Russian Languages as a Scientific Basis for the Methodology of Teaching Russian Students the Sound Structure of Words of the Chinese Language
Authors: Aleksakhin A. N.
Published: November 2020

Russian and Chinese, like all human languages, are objectively based on their unique phonological systems. The phonological system of the Chinese language is defined by the vocal dominant: 34 vowels and 25 consonants. The phonological system of the Russian language is characterized by the consonant dominant: 6 vowels and 35 consonants. A comparable description of the phonological systems of Chinese and Russian languages is carried out on the basis of a comparison of letter orthograms of the words of Chinese and Russian. Alphabetic orthograms of Chinese words were legally adopted in China in 1958. The developed and tested phoneme theory (consonant and vowel) to describe the sound system of the Chinese language reveals the general and special in phonetic-phonological structure of the words of the Russian and Chinese languages and provides comparability of descriptions of phonological systems of these languages.
Perspectives of Environmental Education and the Formation of Ecological Culture Among School Children
Authors: Silantiev Mikhail Nikolaevich
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT The democratic transformation in the Russian Federation is accompanied by the formation of a qualitatively new structure which is an updated civil society. This approach, of course, requires significant adjustments in the relationship between man and his environment. This study focuses on key aspects of environmental education and the formation of ecological culture among schoolchildren. It must be recognized that in most educational organizations, the solution to the problems of educating ecological culture still remains at the level of declarations. To solve the given problem, the researchers used a complex of theoretical and empirical methods. It was concluded that education makes sense as learning for life, and not for a set of “knowledge, skills.” The presence of a socially active nature in various methods of environmental education allows the researchers to steadily form an active civic position and implement the main tasks of the civic upbringing of students.
Determination of Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight among Babies Born in Sulaimania City, Kurdistan-Iraq
Authors: Weli Sardar
Published: November 2020

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is the main leading cause of infant death. It is contributing to a variety of short and long term poor health outcomes. Determination of risk factors associated with LBW is important to select a suitable action to prevent or reduce this outcome. Studies on LBW and maternal risk factors in the Kurdistan region of Iraq are scarce.Objectives: This study aimed to determine risk factors associated with Low birth weight in Sulaimania city, Kurdistan region of Iraq.Cases and Methods: This study was carried out in the Maternity Hospital in Sulaimania from first of July, 2019 to first of February, 2020. Participants were 300 randomly selected mothers who gave a live birth. The questionnaire form, which contains information about factors associated with low birth weight (infant’s weight at birth lower than 2.5 kg) were filled by collectors. Infants were weighed immediately after delivery, and the weight was recorded in addition to sex of the infants, gestational age (weeks), age of the mother, job of the mothers, mother’s educational levels, antenatal care attendance, gravidity, residency, exercise and history of chronic diseases of mothers were recorded.Results: The results of the present study indicate that LBW was reported in 44.7% of the participants. For the LBW group, 48.5% were males and 51.5% were females. The highest percentage of LBW was among those born preterm 75.4% and the lowest was among full term 24.6%. Many factors such as an employed mother (85.8%), no exercise during pregnancy (88.1%), residency in urban (61.9%), mothers with chronic diseases (86.6%) and low level of education (illiterate and primary) (67.9%) were found as the significant risk factors of LBW. However, other factors such as prenatal care visits, age of mothers and gravidity were not found to be associated with LBW.Conclusion: The current study concludes that multiple risk factors may be associated with LBW in Sulaimania city, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Gestational age (preterm delivery), working mothers, no regular exercise, urban residence, low level of education and mother’s diseases such as hypertension, respiratory conditions, chronic infections and diabetes mellitus were considered as the risk factors associated with LBW.
The Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Malignant Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Sulaiman Tharwat I , Sarsam Maan K. , Muhammed Ammar noori
Published: November 2020

Background: Thyroid nodules are very common in clinical practice. Although most of thyroid nodules are benign, it is crucial to checkout which nodules are more likely to be malignant. Ultrasound is a major diagnostic tool for screening and evaluating thyroid diseases because it is safe, non-invasive, non-radioactive and effective.Objective: The aim is to identify the role of ultrasound in assessing thyroid nodules and to review various ultrasound criteria predicting malignancy.Patients and methods: A case series study conducted during the period from January 2015 to February 2016 at the First Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Baghdad Teaching Hospital by a team of surgeons. One hundred eighty Patients who underwent surgical intervention for nodular thyroid disease were included in the study. The ultrasound features of these patients were analyzed with respect to the number of nodules (solitary or multiple), size, echogenicity, consistency, the presence of calcification, border definition, vascular pattern and whether there was lymphadenopathy and / or local invasion to adjacent structures. The final diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination after surgery. The ultrasound features of thyroid nodules were studied for their correlation with benign and malignant lesions.Results: Among 180 patients with nodular thyroid disease, thyroid malignancy was found in 22 (12.2%) patients. Ultrasound features of thyroid nodules included significant echogenicity, consistency, calcification, border definition, vascular pattern and the presence of local invasion. Ultrasound features suggesting malignant nodules are solid and hypoechoic nodules, ill-defined borders, nodules with local invasion to adjacent structures, the presence of microcalcification and nodules that show increased vascularity on doppler study.Conclusion: Ultrasound is useful in evaluating nodular thyroid disease and is valuable for identifying many malignant and potentially malignant nodules. Despite that, no single ultrasound feature is reliable in making the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy, combining ultrasound suggestive criteria could aid in predicting malignant nature of a given nodule.
Conditions for a Successful Farewell
Authors: Schürmann Thomas
Published: November 2020

In 2018, when the last German hard coal mines were closed down, the conditions were relatively favourable, especially in the coal region of Ibbenbüren in Northern Westphalia. This district is marked by small towns and medium-sized enterprises with a relatively low unemployment rate. On the one hand, the shutdown without greater lay-offs was enabled by the co-working of the trade union and the mining company. This, on the other hand, depended to a large extent on external influences, not least on state subsidies and the preceding integration of the German hard coal industry into a rescue company. Furthermore, the relatively smooth transition would not have been possible without the willingness of many miners of covering far distances to other locations. This article is based on narrative interviews conducted before the shutdown of 2018 with miners and other persons involved, focusing on their memories of mining in Ibbenbüren.
Zur Relation von Intersektionalitäts- und Inklusionsforschung in der Erziehungswissenschaft
Authors: Budde Jürgen , Blasse Nina , Rißler Georg
Published: November 2020

Inklusion wie Intersektionalität sind Konzepte, die sich in der Erziehungswissenschaft großer Beliebtheit erfreuen, ermöglichen sie es doch, den Blick auf komplexe soziale Phänomene zu richten. Folgt man dem Vorschlag von einem ‚weiten‘, sozialwissenschaftlich informierten Verständnis von Inklusion, dann bietet es sich auf den ersten Blick an, die Gemeinsamkeiten beider Konzepte in den Blick zu nehmen. Beide Konzepte interessieren sich für das Zusammenspiel von sozialen Differenzkategorien mit Blick auf soziale Ungleichheit. Beide betonen den sozialen Konstruktionscharakter von Differenz. Gleichwohl scheinen einige eigentümliche Anschlussprobleme zu existieren, die den Gegenstand des Beitrags bilden.
Pengaruh pengelolaan alokasi dana desa terhadap Peningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat
Authors: Sumarni Mutia
Published: November 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of village fund management on improving the welfare of the community. The independent variable used in this study is village fund management. The dependent variable used in this study is welfare. This research uses quantitative research methods. The population in this study was the population of 2077 people, with the method of probability sampling with simple random sampling while the sample size was obtained from calculations using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 5% from 95 people. Sources of data in this study are primary data in the form of questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression analysis. Measurement of the questionnaire answered by respondents using a Likert scale using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of this study indicate that the management of village funds to improve welfare has a positive effect. While the adjusted R2 value is 0.46 which shows the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable that can be explained by the equation model is 46.0%, while the remaining 54.0% is explained by other variables not examined or outside the model.

 

Keywords: Village fund management and welfare level
Efektivitas perangkat pembelajaran menggunakan model Treffinger untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif
Authors: Handayani Risa
Published: November 2020

The availability of learning tools is one indicator the teacher has prepared a learning planproperly. However, existing learning tools have not triggered students' creative thinkingabilities. This study aims to produce learning tools by using the Treffinger learning model toimprove the mathematical creative thinking ability of junior high school students. This type ofresearch is development research. The results of this study indicate that the learning devicemeets the effective criteria. Effectiveness can be seen in the results of positive responses ofstudents namely 89.5% and the results of student learning tests on the indicator of fluencyreached 97.7%, flexibility reached 86.7%, and authenticity reached 23.5%, so the ability tothink creatively is at the level 3 (creative).
Photocatalytic activity enhancement for removal of dye molecules based on plasmonic Ag grafted TiO2 nanocubes under visible light driven
Authors: Trang Ton Nu Quynh , Tu Le Thi Ngoc , Man Tran Van , Thu Vu Thi Hanh
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Finding a novel photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation operating in the wavelength range from UV to visible light has been considered a great potential for environmental remediation. Herein, TiO2 nanocubics (NCs) decorated Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with various concentrations were developed.
Methods: The crystal structure, morphological and chemical characteristics of prepared photocatalysts were thoroughly analyzed by a series of main analyses (X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UVVis spectra).
Results: The results revealed that a significantly promoting visible-light photocatalytic behavior of TiO2NCs@Ag photocatalyst was observed. The photocatalytic methyl orange (MO) degradation of the as-synthesized Ag anchored TiO2NCs photocatalyst (85% and 62% under UV light and visible light, respectively) exhibited outstanding photocatalytic efficacy compared with pristine TiO2 NCs. The achieved results could be assigned to the synergistic effects between TiO2NCs and Ag- NPs, leading to enhanced charge carrier separation and improved absorption ability in visible-light response.
Conclusion: This work facilitates designing and developing high-efficiency heterostructure photocatalysts for practical works related to environmental deterioration.
Effect of Voluntary Exercise Training on Corticosterone Level and Immobility Behavior Induced by Chronic Stress in Rats
Authors:   Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Entezari Zahra , Babaei Ayyub ,   Department of Biological Science in Sport, Faculty of Sports Science and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Rahmati-Ahmadabad Saleh ,   Department of Physical Education, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Background: Depression is a common mood disorder that in the long-term impairs thoughts, behavior, feelings, and health. Chronic unpredictable stress is one of the factors that can cause depression. Objectives: To investigate the effect of voluntary exercise training on immobility behavior (caused by chronic unpredictable stress) and serum corticosterone concentration. Materials & Methods: A total of 24 male rats were randomly and equally assigned to four groups of healthy-control, healthy-exercise, depressed-control, and depressed-exercise. Depressed-control and depressed-exercise groups were first exposed to three weeks of chronic unpredictable stress. After this period, the exercise groups performed four weeks of voluntary exercise training. Twentyfour hours after the last training session, a forced swim test was taken from the rats and their blood samples were taken 24 hours later. The obtained data were analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance (significance level: P<0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between study variables. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS v. 22. Results: Chronic stress increased immobility behavior (P=0.001) and serum corticosterone concentration (P=0.001). In contrast, exercise training reduced immobility behavior (P=0.001) and serum corticosterone (P=0.001). The immobility time (P=0.001) and serum corticosterone concentration in the depressed-exercise group were higher than those in the healthy-exercise group (P=0.001). There was a positive correlation between immobility behavior and serum corticosterone concentration (r=0.85 and P=0.001). Conclusion: While the chronic stress increases the immobility behavior and serum corticosterone concentration, voluntary exercise training can reduce immobility behavior and serum corticosterone and adjust some depression symptoms.
Mediating Role of Stress-Coping Responses in the Association of Resiliency and Hardiness With the Life Satisfaction of Married People
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities,University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Rezaei Sajjad , Seifizade Akram ,   Department of Counseling, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran., Qorbanpoor Lafmejani Amir ,   Assistant Professor of Counseling, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Background: Higher levels of resiliency and hardiness are associated with greater life satisfaction. However, there is limited information on the mediating role of married people responses to stressful life situations. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the mediating role of stress-coping strategies in the association of resiliency and hardiness with the life satisfaction of married people. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population included all married students of the Islamic Azad University of Rasht City (north of Iran) in the 2018-2019 academic year. They were selected using a purposive sampling method. A total of 282 students were selected as a sample. To measure the variables, Billings and Moos’s coping responses inventory, the satisfaction with life scale, the Connor-Davidson resilience scale, and Ahvaz hardiness inventory were used. SPSS AMOS software, 24 full version was used for data processing. Results: According to the results of path analysis, resiliency has a significant effect on life satisfaction only through problem-focused and cognitive reappraisal-based coping responses (P<0.01) and it can explain 11% of the variance. Also, the indirect effect of hardiness on life satisfaction was not significant and this variable was deleted from the path, and the modified model was re-fitted. Conclusion: In dealing with stressful situations in life, the resilient actions of people who use problem-focused and cognitive reappraisal-based strategies lead to life satisfaction with more confidence.
Percepción sobre el desempeño docente y gestión del conocimiento en estudiantes de educación secundaria
Authors: Alván More Eugenia Yolanda
Published: November 2020

El objetivo principal de la investigación fue establecer el grado de relación entre percepción del desempeño docente y gestión de conocimientos en estudiantes de educación secundaria. El diseño de estudio es correlacional y la muestra estuvo conformada por 86 estudiantes a quienes se les administró dos cuestionarios el de percepción de desempeño docente, que se elaboró en base al Manual de buenas prácticas de evaluación del desempeño profesional de los docentes de Valdez (2009), y el de gestión del conocimiento, que se elaboró en base a la obra, autoevaluación de la calidad educativa en escuelas secundarias de UNICEF-CEADEL (2013). A partir del análisis de los datos obtenidos se pudo demostrar que existe una relación significativa entre desempeño docente y gestión del conocimiento de los estudiantes