bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloud classification of ground-based infrared images combining manifold and texture features
Authors: Luo Qixiang , Meng Yong , Liu Lei , Zhao Xiaofeng , Zhou Zeming
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Automatic cloud type recognition of ground-based infrared images is still a challenging task. A novel cloud classification method is proposed to group images into five cloud types based on manifold and texture features. Compared with statistical features in the Euclidean space, manifold features extracted on Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrix space can describe the non-Euclidean geometric characteristics of the infrared image. The proposed method comprises three stages: pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. Cloud classification is performed by the Support Vector Machine (SVM). The datasets are comprised of the zenithal and whole-sky images taken by the Whole-Sky Infrared Cloud-Measuring System (WSIRCMS). Benefiting from the joint features, compared to the recent cloud type recognition methods, the experimental results illustrate that the proposed method acquires a higher recognition rate and exhibits a more competitive classification result on the ground-based infrared datasets.
Using barometric time series of the IMS infrasound network for a global analysis of thermally induced atmospheric tides
Authors: Hupe Patrick , Ceranna Lars , Pilger Christoph
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The International Monitoring System (IMS) has been established to monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty and comprises four technologies, one of which is infrasound. When fully established, the IMS infrasound network consists of 60 sites homogeneously distributed around the globe. Besides its primary purpose of determining explosions in the atmosphere, the recorded data reveal information on other anthropogenic and natural infrasound sources. Furthermore, the almost continuous multiyear recordings of differential and absolute air pressure allow for analysing the atmospheric conditions. In this paper, spectral analysis tools are applied to derive atmospheric dynamics from barometric time series. Based on the solar atmospheric tides, a methodology for performing geographic and temporal variability analyses is presented which is supposed to serve for upcoming studies related to atmospheric dynamics. The surplus value of using the IMS infrasound network data for such purposes is demonstrated by comparing the findings on the thermal tides with previous studies and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), which well represents the solar tides in its surface pressure fields. Absolute air pressure recordings reveal geographic characteristics of atmospheric tides related to the solar day and even to the lunar day. We therefore claim the chosen methodology of using the IMS infrasound network to be applicable for global and temporal studies on specific atmospheric dynamics. Given the accuracy and high temporal resolution of the barometric data from the IMS infrasound network, interactions with gravity waves and planetary waves can be examined in future for refining the knowledge of atmospheric dynamics; e.g., the origin of tidal harmonics up to 9 cycles per day as found in the barometric data sets. Data assimilation in empirical models of solar tides would be a valuable application of the IMS infrasound data.
Seasonal variability of upwelling radiance polarization over the
Southern Baltic surface
Authors: Freda Włodzimierz
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Polarization of light may be used to improve the remote colour sensing of sea water. This can be done in a number of ways, such as limiting of sun glints, obtaining information about atmospheric aerosol properties for atmospheric correction as well as improving the interpretation of the water-leaving signal results. However polarization signals at the top of atmosphere (ToA), that include the waterleaving signal, is strongly influenced by atmospheric molecular scattering and by direct sun and sky reflections from sea surface. For these reasons, it is necessary to better understand the factors that change the polarization of light in the atmosphere-ocean system. In this paper, the influence of seasonal variability of inherent optical properties (IOPs), wind speed and solar zenith angle (SZA) on the polarization of upwelling radiance over the sea surface is discussed. The presented results come from Monte Carlo simulations, which used averaged measurements of IOPs, collected for several years, as input data. The effects of simulations are presented in the form of polar plots of the upwelling radiance degree of polarization (DoP). The results indicate that regardless of the wavelength and type of water, the highest value of the above water DoP is strongly correlated with the absorptionto-attenuation ratio. The correlation is a power function and it depends on both the SZA and the wind speed. The correlation versatility for different wavelengths is very unusual in optics of the sea and is therefore worth emphasizing.
POTENCIAL DE TRANSFERÊNCIA DE SEDIMENTOS DAS BACIAS CONTRIBUINTES DO SISTEMA CÁRSTICO TERRA RONCA
Authors: Caroline da Silva Faquim Ana , Henrique de Campos Zancopé Márcio , Felipe Soares Cherem Luis
Published: December 2017

O Índice de Potencial de Transferência de Sedimentos (PTS) estima a capacidade da rede de drenagem transportar sua carga sedimentar. Este trabalho calcula e compara o PTS de bacias de 2ª, 3ª e 4ª ordem hierárquica, cujos canais drenam e proveem sedimentos para dentro das cavernas do Parque Estadual Terra Ronca (PETeR), no nordeste de Goiás. Identificaram-se 438 bacias de 2ª ordem com baixo valor de PTS em um total de 863 bacias, 83 bacias de 3ª ordem de valor médio em um total de 194 bacias e 16 bacias de 4ª ordem com valor médio em um total de 37 bacias de hierárquica. As bacias hidrográficas da área têm capacidade moderada a baixa de lançar sedimentos nas cavernas do PETeR.Palavras-chave: Parâmetros morfométricos, rede de drenagem, geomorfologia fluvial.
Para uma arte afirmativa, o exercício da liberdade: a problemática do espectador conforme Frederico Morais
Authors: Chagas Tamara Silva
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo trata de uma pesquisa teórica que visa delinear a emergência de um espectador atuante, elemento constituinte da obra, durante a pós-modernidade, e destacar a contribuição do crítico de arte Frederico Morais para tal debate. Usamos como referencial teórico textos do crítico citado, de Brian O’Doherty (2002) e de Herbert Marcuse (2005). Veremos que, para Morais, a experiência criativa do público, em contato com as propostas engajadas da arteguerrilha (em plena vigência do AI-5), poderia instigar o espectador a tomar um posicionamento diante da conjuntura política do país à época. Morais, em consonância com as reflexões de Herbert Marcuse, defendeu a imersão do público no ato criador como um exercício libertário capaz de retirar o espectador-sujeito de estruturas sociais excludentes. AbstractThis article is a theoretical research that aims to trace the emergence of an active spectator as an element of the artwork during post-modernity and highlight the contribution of the Brazilian art critic Frederico Morais for this debate. We use as referential some texts written by Frederico Morais, Brian O'Doherty and Herbert Marcuse. We will see that, according to Morais, the creative experience of the public could instigate him to take a position on the Brazilian political situation. Morais, in line with Herbert Marcuse’s texts, defends the public's immersion in the creative act as a libertarian exercise that can free the spectator of exclusionary social structures. ResumenEl presente artículo se centra en una investigación teórica que tiene el objetivo de esquematizar la manifestación de un espectador actuante, elemento constituyente de la obra, durante la posmodernidad, y destacar el aporte del crítico de arte brasileño Federico Morais para dicho debate. Como referencial teórico, utilizamos textos del mencionado crítico, de Brian O’Doherty (2002) y de Herbert Marcuse (2005). Percibiremos que, para Morais, la experiencia creativa del público, en contacto con las propuestas comprometidas del arte-guerrilla (en plena vigencia de la Dictadura Militar en Brasil - AI-5) podría instigar al espectador a posicionarse ante la coyuntura política del país en aquella la época. Morais, en concordancia con las reflexiones de Herbert Marcuse, defendió la inmersión del público en el acto creador, como un ejercicio libertario capaz extraer al espectador-sujeto de estructuras sociales excluyentes.
Entre bandeiras e mantos: Aparecida e a identidade nacional brasileira
Authors: Moreira Fuviane Galdino
Published: December 2017

Nas vestes das esculturas sacras se veem bandeiras nacionais, a exemplo do manto atual de Nossa Senhora Aparecida, a padroeira do Brasil desde o Governo nacionalista de Getúlio Vargas. Essas bandeiras celebram uma conformidade nacional e unem a arte sacra à política e à cultura. Aqui, leremos as vestimentas da estatuária cristã à luz das relações entre a Igreja Católica e o Estado, mediadas pelo tecido como um artefato estético, político e religioso. AbstractIn the vestments of the sacred sculptures we see national flags, such as the current mantle of Our Lady Aparecida, the patroness of Brazil, since Getulio Vargas’ nationalist government. These flags celebrate a national conformity and the sacred art and the national flags, tying religion, politics and culture. Here, we will read the vestments of the Christian statuary in the Catholic Church and the State, mediated by the fabric as an aesthetic, political and religious artifact. ResumenEn los vestuarios de las esculturas sagradas se observan banderas nacionales, a ejemplo del manto actual de Nossa Senhora Aparecida, la patrona del Brasil desde el gobierno nacionalista de Getúlio Vargas. Esas banderas celebran una armonía nacional y mezclan el arte sagrado, la política y la cultura. Aquí analizaremos los trajes de la escultura cristiana a la luz de las relaciones entre la Iglesia Católica y el Estado intermediadas por el tejido como un artefacto estético, político y religioso.
Timely Access to Priority Medicines in Europe
Authors: Bosone Enrico , Giuliani Giovanni , Martone Nicoletta , Ponzianelli Anna , Viola Valeria
Published: December 2017

Many tools have been developed in Europe to accelerate the access to and the availability of medicines. However, this is currently governed by the national Member State procedures for pricing and reimbursement. In many cases, this leads to procedures that often take many months or even years to be completed. This paper explores ways that would allow a more accelerated approach and thus enable a more efficient administrative procedure to be adopted. Therefore, this would favor the timely availability of medicines for severe diseases when an unmet medical need is present.
Control biológico de A. aegypti utilizando peces del género Poecilia en recipientes de agua doméstica
Authors: González Espinal Carlos Humberto , Delcid Morazán Allan Fernando , Tovar Martínez Amy Carolina , Mérida Julio
Published: December 2017

Las arbovirosis son enfermedades transmitidas por un mismo vector, el mosquito Aedes aegypti y en menor frecuencia Aedes albopictus. Dengue ha causado dos grandes epidemias importantes en nuestro país, 2010 y 2013. Recientemente se ha sumado Chickungunya y Zika las cuales no se relacionan con mortalidad, sin embargo, tienen el potencial de producir malformaciones congénitas y desencadenar una polineuropatía periférica grave denominada síndrome de Guillain-Barré. El vector es propio de los países tropicales lo que hace de estas enfermedades endémicas de nuestra región. El motivo de este estudio fue disminuir el índice de infestación del vector E. aegypti en los recipientes de agua domestica mediante la utilización de peces del género Poecilia como control biológico. Previo consentimiento informado y solicitud a la alcaldía municipal de Cantarranas municipio de Francisco Morazán y el Centro de Salud municipal; se aplicó la medida seleccionando la colonia más representativa y se monitorio la respuesta del pez con el formato de vigilancia vectorial que usa la Secretaría de Salud de Honduras. Los principales recipientes de agua doméstica encontrados fueron pilas y barriles. 64% de los habitantes del estudio tienen al menos una pila y el 18.86% al menos un barril. El índice de infestación general fue 104% al inicio y bajó hasta 46% manteniéndose así desde los 3 meses de la intervención en adelante a pesar de que solo se contó con 49% de recipientes con peces al cabo de los 6 meses. Los peces resultaron una medida adecuada para el control del vector, sin embargo, no fue total debido al desinterés de algunos participantes en el cuidado de los peces o la no adaptación de los mismos.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 12, junio 2017; 23-35
Diseño e implementación de soluciones sostenibles mediante una vivienda en la colonia Santa Clara, Comayaguela M.D.C. Honduras
Authors: Bueso Andara Claudia Ester , Valladares Irma Alejandra , Lobo Yesibel Osorto , Corea Jorge
Published: December 2017

Investigación de enfoque mixto basada en el diseño e implementación de técnicas y soluciones sostenibles, aplicadas a una vivienda prototipo con deficiencias cualitativas, en la colonia Santa Clara, ubicada en Comayagüela, del M.D.C, teniendo como objetivos identificar las condiciones espaciales y físicas de las viviendas existentes, y generar una propuesta basada en los resultados de la misma investigación que conlleve a la innovación y la fácil y adecuada implementación por parte de los habitantes de las técnicas de sostenibilidad de la vivienda. Para ello se tomó como referente un diagnóstico del lugar con herramientas de muestreo que permitieron la elección de las técnicas prioritarias, las cuales generen mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes, que incluyan criterios de sostenibilidad, ecológicos, de bajo costo económico, de fácil realización con técnicas y materiales de la zona. De igual manera se consideraron temas de saneamiento básico, agua potable, seguridad alimentaria, manejo de desechos, reutilización del agua, y por supuesto las alternativas constructivas, permitiendo generar un resultado positivo en aspectos ambientales, económicos y sociales, sumando el uso de las técnicas e infraestructura implementadas por parte de sus usuarios. Basada en criterios de sostenibilidad, la investigación permitió demostrar a los habitantes los beneficios, accesibilidad económica y facilidad, con el fin de motivarlos a mejorar su calidad de vida con pocos recursos y materiales a su alcance. La vivienda podrá ser replicada las veces que sea necesario en la misma colonia.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 12, junio 2017; 99-119
Business Students’ Continuance Intention toward Blackboard Usage: An Empirical Investigation of UTAUT Model
Authors: Bouznif Maroua M.
Published: December 2017

The use of Blackboard in the traditional education systems is gaining its popularity in the public Saudi universities. Therefore, this research aims to investigate this phenomenon within a special emphasis on Business students at King Saud University (KSU). This study is based on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to examine students' pursuit intention toward Blackboard usage, including the influential role of satisfaction in technology acceptance and use. The research data were gathered through an online survey of 170 Business students where the participation was voluntary. In addition, the structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the overall efficacy of UTAUT model and the mediating relationship among variables within the effect of satisfaction. The results indicate that satisfaction plays an essential role on the predication of continuance intention as an independent and mediating variable. However, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and superior influence have no direct significant impact on continuance intention.
Is there Spillover Effect in Agricultural Industrialization Management?
Authors: Wan Junyi , Zeng Lijun
Published: December 2017

China agriculture industrialization management (AIM) has made remarkable achievements in increasing cooperative farmers’ income, but its impact on non-cooperative farmers excluded from the industrial management system has not caused due concern. The empirical results based on provincial level suggest the number of hierarchical agricultural management entities (HAME) have a limited influence on regional per capita gross output value of agriculture, that the driving ability of the key agricultural leading enterprises above provincial level has a significant positive impact on per capita gross output value of agriculture, that there is no statistical correlation between the indicators of driving ability and per capita household operating income of farmers. As a whole, the development level of HAME have no significant positive effect on the performance of AIM, the spillover effect of AIM is very limited. Owing to the existence of crowding out effect, AIM accelerates the differentiation between farmers within industrial management system and farmers outside the system, government need to provide more support policies for farmers outside AIM system.
A Study on the Relationship between Monetary Policy Variables and Stock Market
Authors: Li Song
Published: December 2017

Through the analysis of monetary policy variables and stock market from January 2010 to December 2015, including money supply M1, M2,one-year Benchmark lending rate for financial institutions，interbank offered rate, and the stock market price index data, through correlation analysis, unit root test, co-integration test, Granger causality test and VAR model test, empirical test results show that there is a two-way causal relationship between money supply M1 and stock market , M2 and stock market have a one-way causal relationship from M2 to stock market. One-year benchmark lending rate for financial institutions and stock market have a one-way causal relationship from stock market to one-year benchmark lending rate for financial institutions. The interbank offered rate and the stock market have a one-way causal relationship from the stock market to the interbank offered rate. China's transmission channels between monetary policy and stock market exist, but is not sound and there is a delay. When using the monetary policy variable to adjust the stock market, the money supply policy is more useful than adjusting the interest rate.
Recesión, austeridad y sus efectos en los regímenes de transición juvenil en España y Reino Unido
Authors: López Andreu Martí , Verd Joan Miquel
Published: December 2017

En el artículo se abordan los cambios en la emancipación residencial de los jóvenes españoles y británicos (personas entre 20 y 35 años) ocurridos tras el inicio de la recesión económica en ambos países. Mediante el uso de la información relativa a la emancipación residencial proveniente de la base de datos EU-SILC se comprueba que el impacto de la crisis ha sido parecido en ambos países, y ello a pesar de pertenecer a regímenes de transición juvenil con características diferentes. Estas similitudes en el impacto de la crisis son el resultado de unas políticas de regulación del mercado de trabajo similares y de la falta de apoyos institucionales orientados a favorecer la transición a la vida adulta.
Políticas de empleo para salir de la crisis: resultados de un Delphi
Authors: Migueléz Fausto
Published: December 2017

El articulo presenta los resultados de un Delphi que evalúa las políticas de empleo en España, realizado a principios de 2015; era un momento en el que resultaba adecuado recabar la opinión de expertos y técnicos cualificados de la Administración sobre las políticas que el gobierno ponía en funcionamiento para potenciar la creación de empleo y salir de la crisis, pero también para pedir su opinión sobre posibles alternativas. Tres conclusiones parecen bastante evidentes en esta encuesta: la primera, que las políticas activas del mercado de trabajo por sí solas tienen una eficacia limitada cuando la tasa de paro excede unos límites que podríamos calificar de “razonables”, límites que están bastante por debajo del 25% y aún del 18% de desempleo; la segunda, que abordar en serio el riesgo de elevado desempleo cada vez que hay una crisis, implica obtener cambios importantes en la estructura productiva; la tercera, que la Administración pública debe jugar un papel muy importante en el cambio de la estructura productiva, papel que ciertamente no está jugando.
Els espais altimontans pirenaics orientals a l’Antiguitat: 10 anys d’estudis en arqueologia del paisatge del GIAP-ICAC
Authors: Palet Martínez Josep M. , Garcia Molsosa Arnau , Orengo Romeu Hèctor A. , Polonio Alamino Tania
Published: December 2017

En aquest treball s’ofereix una panoràmica dels estudis realitzats pel Grup d’Investigació en Arqueologia del Paisatge (GIAP) als espais altimontans pirenaics orientals en els darrers 10 anys. Des d’un enfocament multidisciplinari en el marc de l’arqueologia del paisatge, els resultats obtinguts permeten trencar amb la visió tradicional d’aquestes àrees muntanyenques a l’Antiguitat, mostrant la seva intensa explotació i una forta antropització que ja comença en el període Neolític.
Vestiges de l'exploitation du fer aux époques pré romaine et romaine dans le district minier de Baillestavy (Pyrénées-Orientales, France)
Authors: Munteanu Gabriel , Tămaş Călin , Cauuet Béatrice , Mut Gérard
Published: December 2017

La région des Pyrénées Orientales renferme de nombreux indices et sites archéologiques liés à la proto-industrie métallurgique, notamment sidérurgique. Dans la région du Canigou, la plus importante zone métallifère se trouve à la périphérie du massif, où des venues hydrothermales ont pénétré les failles et les chevauchements de la série des terrains métamorphiques de Canaveilles (schistes et carbonates). Le minerai de fer est dominant et se présente en général sous forme d’oxydes (hématite) et de carbonates (sidérite). Dans cette ceinture qui borde le grand massif se situent des zones minières importantes qui ont fait l’objet de travaux d’exploitation à différentes époques. L’une d’entre elles se situe sur les contreforts nord-est du massif du Canigou, sur le territoire de la commune de Baillestavy traversée par le cours moyen de la Lentillà. L’inventaire archéologique de la commune signale la présence de nombreux ferriers (aires à scories), certains datés d’époque antique. Notre apport a surtout concerné les mines de fer de ce secteur qui n’avaient jusque-là bénéficié d’aucun véritable travail de terrain, notamment en contexte souterrain. Les recherches de terrain sur la commune de Baillestavy se sont déroulées de 2005 à 2007 dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche trisannuel (Mut et al., 2005-2007) et, en 2008, dans la perspective de travaux de Master 2 d’Archéologie à l’Université de Toulouse 2 – Le Mirail (Munteanu, 2010). Notre étude détaillée a été réalisée sur quatre sites miniers : Mas Morer, Peña Blanca, La Coume et Mas Bourras. L’étude complexe de ces sites a porté sur la morphologie des cavités souterraines, la chronologie relative de toutes époques, les types de gisements et de minerai de fer extrait. Les sondages archéologiques réalisés dans la mine de Mas Bourras ont fourni des indices très importants sur les périodes les plus anciennes de l’activité minière. Un tesson d’amphore trouvé en contexte stratigraphique attesterait au moins d’une activité minière du Ier siècle de n. è. En revanche, les analyses radiocarbones réalisées sur le charbon de bois prélevé dans le comblement minier ancien, pourrait faire remonter l’activité minière à une époque encore plus ancienne (Ier âge du Fer), témoignage inédit pour l’extraction du fer dans le sud de la Gaule. La commune de Baillestavy et la région du Canigou disposent d’un fort potentiel archéologique minier et métallurgique, encore largement méconnu. Une poursuite de ce type de recherche en archéologie minière de terrain est nécessaire pour compléter l’enquête en cours sur l’activité minière et métallurgique ancienne de cette région.
ArqueoPyrenae, un projecte pirinenc
Authors: Baqué Bartomeu , Olesti Oriol
Published: December 2017

Presentació del número.
FOUCAULT E GOFFMAN: EM TORNO DE INSTITUIÇÕES E PODERES
Authors: Miranda Heraldo De Cristo
Published: December 2017

O objetivo do referido trabalho é propor uma breve reflexão acerca do empreendimento foucaultiano e a tradição do Interacionismo simbólico, em especial, Erving Goffman. Neste último, recolocam-se as questões ligadas à relação do indivíduo e suas instituições. Reabre-se, da mesma forma, a possibilidade de um diálogo com os “enfrentamentos” de Foucault e Goffman quanto à ideia de instituição total, bem como quanto ao tema do poder. Tentar-se-á organizar o percurso deste enfrentamento, eminentemente, por meio de três categorias de textos produzidos por Foucault na década de 1970: livros, cursos realizados no Collège de France e algumas palestras, conferências, etc. condensadas nos chamados Dits et Écrits.  A questão a ser respondida aqui é quais as características desta leitura de Foucault em torno das ideias de Goffman? Se, por um lado, Goffman se interessa pelo funcionamento de certo tipo de instituição: a instituição total – asilo, escola, prisão, por outro lado, Foucault tenta mostrar e analisar a relação que existe entre um conjunto de técnicas de poder e de formas políticas como o Estado
VIOLÊNCIA, DEMOCRACIA E ASSIMILAÇÃO NO TRATADO TEOLÓGICO-POLÍTICO DE ESPINOSA
Authors: Santos Filho Andrelino Ferreira dos
Published: December 2017

Trata-se de explicitar no Tratado Teológico-Político Espinosa os elementos que possibilitam a demonstração da afirmação de que a democracia é o mais natural dos regimes políticos. Importa investigar, segundo a hipótese formulada a partir de Leo Strauss, se a tese da assimilação defendida por Espinosa como alternativa à recusa da concepção de nação eleita possui implicações antissemitas. Para tanto, é de importância cabal a compreensão do vínculo intrínseco entre o Apêndice da Parte I da Ética e o Tratado Teológico-Político, além da exposição do fundamento gnosiológico do Tratado e do natural desvelado no Teológico-Político.
O QUE HÁ ENTRE CRISTIANISMO, ÉTICA E MUNDO MODERNO?
Authors: Provinciatto Luís Gabriel
Published: December 2017

Tomando como ponto de partida a obra Eu sou a Verdade: por uma filosofia do cristianismo, de autoria do filósofo francês Michel Henry (1922-2002), este trabalho se ocupa em compreender como é possível estabelecer uma relação entre três temas centrais aí presentes, a saber: cristianismo, ética e mundo moderno. Não se trata, obviamente, de uma ligação evidente entre temas, sendo um a consequência de outro. A proposta de Henry é, partindo do campo fenomenológico, buscar as intuições fundantes do cristianismo, fazendo um retorno às fontes do Novo Testamento. A intenção deste trabalho, então, é apresentar uma leitura crítica do texto, mostrando ao leitor algumas nuances presentes nas entrelinhas da obra, tais como: a perspectiva fenomenológica empregada por Henry, a possibilidade de uma crítica recíproca entre cristianismo e mundo moderno e a importância da práxis nesse resgate da fonte cristã, donde a fundação de uma ética. 
Endringsbehov i norsk yrkesopplæring? - Elevers, lærlingers og yrkesfaglæreres erfaringer med yrkesopplæring i Vg1
Authors: Bødtker-Lund Daniel , Hansen Kari Henriette , Haaland Grete , Vagle Inger
Published: December 2017

Artikkelen belyser hvordan opplæringens innhold i Vg1 erfares av elever, lærlinger og lærere, som grunnlag for vurdering av endringsbehov i norsk yrkesopplæring.  Problemstillingen artikkelen gir svar på er: Hvordan fungerer Vg1 yrkesfaglig utdanningsprogram for elever med ulike yrkesvalg?Bakgrunnen for studien artikkelen bygger på er at en strukturendring er på trappene i norsk yrkesopplæring. Kunnskapsdepartementet har brukt en rekke eksperter i forarbeidet, uten at elever og yrkesfaglærere har vært involvert i nevneverdig grad. Vi ønsker å bringe fram elevers og læreres stemmer.Teoriforankringen er knyttet til forhold som har betydning for elevers motivasjon, mestring og læring, samt nasjonale føringer, mål og hensikt med yrkesopplæringen. Metodene i forskningsarbeidet er elektronisk spørreundersøkelse blant elever i Vg1 og Vg2, samt lærlinger i de yrkesfaglige utdanningsprogrammene og semistrukturerte intervjuer med yrkesfaglærere.Et hovedfunn er at opplæringen i Vg1 ikke samsvarer med elevenes ulike læringsbehov, og heller ikke med de nasjonale føringene for yrkesopplæringen. Vg1 bør gjennomgå store endringer, basert på elevenes og lærernes erfaringer, for å sikre yrkesrelevant opplæring for elever med ulike utdanningsplaner og yrkesinteresser.
Agricultural constraints on microbial resource use and niche breadth in drainage ditches
Authors: Hunting Ellard R. , Barmentlo S. Henrik , Schrama Maarten , van Bodegom Peter M. , Zhai Yujia , Vijver Martina G.
Published: December 2017

Background

Microorganisms govern important ecosystems processes, in particular the degradation of organic matter (OM). However, microorganisms are rarely considered in efforts to monitor ecosystem health and functioning. Evidence suggests that environmental perturbations can adversely affect microbial communities and their ability to use available substrates. However, whether impacted microbial efficiencies in extracting and utilizing the available resources (resource niche breadth) translate to changes in OM degradation in natural systems remains poorly understood.

Methods

Here we evaluated effects of differences in OM related to agricultural land use (OM derived from ditches adjacent to grasslands, bulb fields and a pristine dune area) on microbial functioning. We specifically assessed (1) resource niche breadths of microbial communities during initial community assembly in laboratory microcosms and already established natural communities, and (2) how changes in community resource niche breadth translates to the degradation of natural OM.

Results

A disparity existed between microbial resource niche breadth in laboratory incubations and natural microbial communities. Resource utilization and niche breadth of natural microbial communities was observed to be constrained in drainage ditches adjacent to agricultural fields. This outcome coincides with retarded degradation of natural OM collected from ditches adjacent to hyacinth bulb fields. Microbial communities in bulb field ditches further showed functional redundancy when offered grassland OM of seemingly higher substrate quality.

Discussion

Results presented in this study suggest that agricultural practices can impose constraints on microbial functional diversity by reducing OM resource quality, which can subsequently translate to confined microbial resource niche differentiation and reduced organic matter degradation rates. This hints that assessments of actual microbial resource utilization and niche differentiation could potentially be used to assess the ecological health and functioning of natural communities.
Half‐Century Ammonia Emissions From Agricultural Systems in Southern Asia: Magnitude, Spatiotemporal Patterns, and Implications for Human Health
Authors: Xu R. T. , Pan S. F. , Chen J. , Chen G. S. , Yang J. , Dangal S. R. S. , Shepard J. P. , Tian H. Q.
Published: December 2017

Much concern has been raised about the increasing threat to air quality and human health due to ammonia (NH3) emissions from agricultural systems, which is associated with the enrichment of reactive nitrogen (N) in southern Asia (SA), home of more than 60% the world's population (i.e., the people of West, central, East, South, and Southeast Asia). Southern Asia consumed more than half of the global synthetic N fertilizer and was the dominant region for livestock waste production since 2004. Excessive N application could lead to a rapid increase of NH3 in the atmosphere, resulting in severe air and water pollution in this region. However, there is still a lack of accurate estimates of NH3 emissions from agricultural systems. In this study, we simulated the agricultural NH3 fluxes in SA by coupling the Bidirectional NH3 exchange module (Bi‐NH3) from the Community Multi‐scale Air Quality model with the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model. Our results indicated that NH3 emissions were 21.3 ± 3.9 Tg N yr−1 from SA agricultural systems with a rapidly increasing rate of ~0.3 Tg N yr−2 during 1961−2014. Among the emission sources, 10.8 Tg N yr−1 was released from synthetic N fertilizer use, and 10.4 ± 3.9 Tg N yr−1 was released from manure production in 2014. Ammonia emissions from China and India together accounted for 64% of the total amount in SA during 2000−2014. Our results imply that the increased NH3 emissions associated with high N inputs to croplands would likely be a significant threat to the environment and human health unless mitigation efforts are applied to reduce these emissions.
The spatial sensitivity of the spectral diversity–biodiversity relationship: an experimental test in a prairie grassland
Authors: Wang Ran , Gamon John A. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Townsend Philip A. , Zygielbaum Arthur I.
Published: December 2017

Remote sensing has been used to detect plant biodiversity in a range of ecosystems based on the varying spectral properties of different species or functional groups. However, the most appropriate spatial resolution necessary to detect diversity remains unclear. At coarse resolution, differences among spectral patterns may be too weak to detect. In contrast, at fine resolution, redundant information may be introduced. To explore the effect of spatial resolution, we studied the scale dependence of spectral diversity in a prairie ecosystem experiment at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, Minnesota, USA. Our study involved a scaling exercise comparing synthetic pixels resampled from high‐resolution images within manipulated diversity treatments. Hyperspectral data were collected using several instruments on both ground and airborne platforms. We used the coefficient of variation (CV) of spectral reflectance in space as the indicator of spectral diversity and then compared CV at different scales ranging from 1 mm2 to 1 m2 to conventional biodiversity metrics, including species richness, Shannon's index, Simpson's index, phylogenetic species variation, and phylogenetic species evenness. In this study, higher species richness plots generally had higher CV. CV showed higher correlations with Shannon's index and Simpson's index than did species richness alone, indicating evenness contributed to the spectral diversity. Correlations with species richness and Simpson's index were generally higher than with phylogenetic species variation and evenness measured at comparable spatial scales, indicating weaker relationships between spectral diversity and phylogenetic diversity metrics than with species diversity metrics. High resolution imaging spectrometer data (1 mm2 pixels) showed the highest sensitivity to diversity level. With decreasing spatial resolution, the difference in CV between diversity levels decreased and greatly reduced the optical detectability of biodiversity. The optimal pixel size for distinguishing α diversity in these prairie plots appeared to be around 1 mm to 10 cm, a spatial scale similar to the size of an individual herbaceous plant. These results indicate a strong scale‐dependence of the spectral diversity‐biodiversity relationships, with spectral diversity best able to detect a combination of species richness and evenness, and more weakly detecting phylogenetic diversity. These findings can be used to guide airborne studies of biodiversity and develop more effective large‐scale biodiversity sampling methods.
Endogenous peptides profiles of human infantile hemangioma tissue and their clinical significance for treatment
Authors: Li Qian , Li Jingyun , Chen Ling , Gao Yanli , Li Jun
Published: December 2017

Endogenous peptides play crucial roles in various biological processes. Their effects on the pathogenesis of human infantile hemangioma remains poorly understood. In this study, we construct a comparative peptidomic profiling between human infantile hemangioma tissue and matched normal skin using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 192 peptides were significantly differentially expressed in human infantile hemangioma tissue, with 182 upregulated, and 10 downregulated peptides between infantile hemangioma tissue and matched normal skin. Performing bioinformatics analysis (Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis), we found that precursor proteins of these differentially expressed peptides correlate with metabolic process, biological regulation, binding, catalytic activity, and pathways in cancer occurring during pathological changes of infantile hemangioma. Furthermore, 89 differentially expressed peptides shared homology with antimicrobial peptides and 13 matched known immunomodulatory peptides based on prediction database. In conclusion, our results reveal significantly altered expression profiles of peptides in human infantile hemangioma tissue. These peptides may participate in the etiology of infantile hemangioma and provide beneficial scheme for clinical treatments.
Poly(citrate glyceride): a hyperbranched polyester for starch plasticization
Authors: Zhang Kang , Cheng XiaoPing , Cheng Fei , Lin Yi , Zhou Mi , Zhu PuXin
Published: December 2017

Hyperbranched polyesters (HBPETs), terminated with either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups, were prepared from citric acid and glycerol in simple one‐step syntheses. The HBPET structure and degree of branching were investigated using Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopies and gel permeation chromatography. The HBPET plasticizers were combined with a maize starch via cooking and film formation. The mechanical, thermal, paste and structural properties of the plasticized starch composites were studied in detail using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, rapid viscosity analysis and X‐ray diffraction. The HBPETs reduced the pasting viscosity but slightly increased the pasting temperature of the starch. The smaller breakdown and setback values of the plasticized starch pastes relative to those of native starch suggested weaker retrogradation. Compared with glycerol/starch plasticized films, HBPET/starch composite films had lower crystallinity, lower glass transition temperature and better mechanical and thermal properties. The properties of the plasticized starch samples strongly depended on the terminal groups and the molecular weight of the HBPET plasticizers. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of the Use of a Family Health History Application in Genetic Counseling
Authors: Tipsword Meghan L. , White Peter S. , Spaeth Christine G. , Ittenbach Richard F. , Myers Melanie F.
Published: December 2017

The paper‐based pedigree is the current standard for family health history (FHH) documentation in genetic counseling. Several tools for electronic capture of family health data have been developed to improve re‐use and accessibility, data quality and standardization, ease of updating, and integration with electronic medical records. One such tool, the tablet‐based Proband application, provides a flexible approach to data capture in dynamic and diverse clinical settings. This study compared Proband FHH collection to paper‐based methods and investigated the usability of Proband in a clinical setting. After one use by 23 genetic counselors and students, Proband had 91% accuracy with a FHH audio scenario, which was significantly less (p < 0.001) than paper's 96% accuracy. These differences were attributed to incorrect or missing ages of grandparents (p < 0.001) and great‐aunts/uncles (p = 0.012) and missing documentation of consanguinity (p < 0.001). Possible explanations for these differences include greater experience with paper FHH documentation and pre‐populated prompts for consanguinity on the paper template used. Proband's perceived usability increased with use, with individual System Usability Scores increasing between first and last use (p = 0.033). We conclude that tools for dynamic, provider‐driven FHH documentation such as Proband show promise for improving risk assessment accuracy and quality patient care.
Ecological connectivity between land and sea: a review
Authors: Fang Xiaodong , Hou Xiyong , Li Xiaowei , Hou Wan , Nakaoka Masahiro , Yu Xiubo
Published: December 2017

Land–sea ecological connectivity refers to the interaction (convenience or hindrance) of certain physical, chemical and biological processes between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Research on land–sea ecological connectivity can provide important scientific bases for the conservation and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems in terrestrial and coastal areas. On the basis of a literature summary of ecological connectivity, this paper focuses on the following: (1) summarizing basic concepts, representative phenomena on multiple spatiotemporal scales, and analysis methods of land–sea ecological connectivity; (2) discussion of the applications of land–sea ecological connectivity; (3) discussion of the relationship between human activities and land–sea ecological connectivity; (4) presentation of perspectives and recommendations on ecological restoration, protection, and biodiversity research, with emphasis on the principle of land–sea ecological connectivity. On the whole, we believe such connectivity in a region varies with changes in multiple physical and artificial factors, such as climate, land cover, biotic community and human activities. Human activities such as land use, engineering construction, urbanization and industrialization have continuously increased and cause irreversible disturbance and destruction of land–sea ecological connectivity, thereby threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services at various spatiotemporal scales. Hence, achievements of theoretical research and practical experience in ecological connectivity should be fully applied in coastal areas to maintain and restore land–sea ecological connectivity and remedy various problems that arise from the blockage and damage of ecosystem services.
Responses of the structure and function of the understory plant communities to precipitation reduction across forest ecosystems in Germany
Authors: Felsmann Katja , Baudis Mathias , Kayler Zachary E. , Puhlmann Heike , Ulrich Andreas , Gessler Arthur
Published: December 2017

Key message

Understory plant communities are essential for the recruitment of trees making up future forests. Independent of plant diversity, the understory across different forest ecosystems shows considerable physiological acclimation and structural stability towards drought events, which are expected to occur more frequently in future.

Context

Understory plant communities are essential for the recruitment of trees making up the future forest. It is so far poorly understood how climate change will affect understory in beech and conifer forests managed at different intensity levels.

Aims

We hypothesized that drought would affect transpiration and carbon isotope discrimination but not species richness and diversity. Moreover, we assumed that forest management intensity will modify the responses to drought of the understory community.

Methods

We set up roofs in forests with a gradient of management intensities (unmanaged beech—managed beech—intensively managed conifer forests) in three regions across Germany. A drought event close to the 2003 drought was imposed in two consecutive years.

Results

After 2 years, the realized precipitation reduction was between 27% and 34%. The averaged water content in the top 20 cm of the soil under the roof was reduced by 2% to 8% compared with the control. In the 1st year, leaf level transpiration was reduced for different functional groups, which scaled to community transpiration modified by additional effects of drought on functional group leaf area. Acclimation effects in most functional groups were observed in the 2nd year.

Conclusion

Forest understory shows high plasticity at the leaf and community level, and high structural stability to changing climate conditions with drought events.
Shanghai flora: the politics of urban greening in Maoist China
Authors: LU HANCHAO
Published: December 2017

Verdurization (lühua), a term coined in Japan and adopted into the Chinese vocabulary in the early twentieth century, was an emotive concept and relentless practice in Mao's China. The Chinese state used various verdurization campaigns as part of its project of building a socialist state and as a way of exercising ideological control, particularly in cities. At the same time, ordinary citizens had their own ideas about the role of vegetation in their daily lives – ideas that were often different from, and sometimes counter to, those of the state. The article takes Shanghai as a case-study to examine the politics of urban greening along the spectrum of state, society and everyday life in the early years of the People's Republic.
Soundscape Composition: Enhancing our understanding of changing soundscapes
Authors: Martin Brona
Published: December 2017

This article discusses the affordances of soundscape composition and how the techniques and approaches of this genre have been embraced as an inter-disciplinary research methodology. Since its emergence from the World Soundscape Project, the concept of soundscape composition has set out to enhance our listening awareness of our soundscapes, inspiring and establishing a discourse that explores a sense of place through sound. Soundscape composition over the past decades has established itself as a popular compositional practice among acousmatic composers utilising compositional techniques that go beyond phonographic representation of acoustic environments. Electroacoustic techniques explore not only the transformation and processing of field recordings but also the spatialisation and performance techniques used to create immersive and realistic soundscapes. These compositional developments since the establishment of the World Soundscape Project have brought this genre of music to a wider audience as it has developed into a cross-disciplinary practice. Soundscape studies methodologies such as soundwalking, listening and recording are being utilised by a broader research cohort outside of soundscape composition. This article provides a survey of recent projects and compositions that incorporate a soundscape and cross-disciplinary approach that reflects a variety of cultural themes and issues within the disciplines of social, political and cultural science.
The Macropolitics of Microsound: Gender and sexual identities in Barry Truax’sSong of Songs
Authors: Sofer Danielle
Published: December 2017

This analysis explores how Barry Truax’sSong of Songs(1992) for oboe d’amore, English horn and two digital soundtracks reorients prevailing norms of sexuality by playing with musical associations and aural conventions of how gender sounds. The work sets the erotic dialogue between King Solomon and Shulamite from the biblical Song of Solomon text. On the soundtracks we hear a Christian monk’s song, environmental sounds (birds, cicadas and bells), and two speakers who recite the biblical text in its entirety preserving the gendered pronouns of the original. By attending to established gender norms, Truax confirms the identity of each speaker, such that the speakers seemingly address one another as a duet, but the woman also addresses a female lover and the man a male. These gender categories are then progressively blurred with granular time-stretching and harmonisation (which transform the timbre of the voices), techniques that, together, resituate the presumed heteronormative text within a diverse constellation of possible sexual orientations.