bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historical, Recent, and Future Threat of Drought on Agriculture in East Java, Indonesia: A Review
Authors: Mulyanti Heri , Istadi Istadi , Gernowo Rahmat
Published: November 2023

Climate change intensifies hydroclimate variability, leading to more frequent and severe drought, which pose significant challenges to water, food, and energy security. Droughts are complex natural hazards that area difficult to predict spatially and temporally. East Java, with its historically extreme droughts and reliance on agriculture, exemplifies these challenges. This study investigates the definition, measurement, driving mechanisms, and historical and future projections of drought occurrences in the region. Notably, a strong correlation is observed between El Niño and drought events, predominantly impacting the northern areas that heavily depend on rice irrigation. East Java’s prolonged dry season and limited rainfall exacerbate the recurring threat of extreme drought. With global warming amplifying these patterns, urgent action is imperative. This paper highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of drought dynamics to develop effective mitigation and adaptation strategies of agricultural activity. By examining the interplay between climate phenomena, rainfall patterns, and droughts impacts on agriculture, valuable insights are gained to foster sustainable water resource management and build resilience to drought in East Java.
Environmental Issues in the Regional Regulation on Communal Intellectual Property Preservation (A Study in South Bangka)
Authors: Darwance Darwance , Haryadi Dwi , Sari Rafiqa , Herza Herza
Published: November 2023

Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2022 for South Bangka Regency elucidates the Preservation of Communal Intellectual Property. This regulation encompasses various communal intellectual properties, some of which pertain to environmental concerns. However, the region faces serious environmental challenges, notably due to tin mining activities. Existing research indicates that tin mining exerts diverse impacts, including environmental ramifications. This normative study examines the inclusion of the environmental issues enclosed within a regional regulation for South Bangka Regency aimed at preserving communal intellectual property. The analysis reveals that the current regional regulation does not substantively designate environmental issues as strategically significant for protection. This is evident in the limited provisions addressing environmental aspects, including policies within the purview of this regional regulation.
Critical Analysis of Green Leadership in Proper
Authors: Hadi Sudharto P. , Prabawani Bulan , Ainuddin Ilham , Qomariah Anis
Published: November 2023

This paper provides a critical analysis of the policy and implementation of Green Leadership in Proper, an excellence program in Indonesia that has been promoted since 1997. The companies involved in Proper have been classified as Black, Red, Blue, Green, and Gold Rank candidates, with the latter being designated as Gold Rank candidates in 2022. The CEO of the companies must present a Green Leadership on the vision and policy to transform the industrial culture from industrial to sustainable culture. The data was collected through a presentation by the CEO of Proper, an informal conversation with the CEO, as well as secondary data collected from the Proper secretariat. The data collected was analysed in both quantitative and qualitative terms. The results of the study indicated that the green leadership provided by the company (s) is reflected in the company's stance on the utilization of resources, pollution, the generation of waste, the use of water and natural sources, the working conditions, and the environment for the welfare and health of employees. For a CEO managing multiple sub-holdings across multiple companies, it is challenging to generalise these positions. If green leadership is to make a significant contribution to net zero emissions, structural and substantial changes must be implemented.
Case Studies of the Belitong Geopark as a UNESCO Global Geopark: Evaluating Geosites for Geotourism Development
Authors: Kusumah Echo Perdana , Wahyudin Nanang , Purbalakseto Hengky Veru , Utami Eva
Published: November 2023

Despite Indonesia's abundance of diverse geological features, the country has yet to fully acknowledge and exploit its potential for promoting geotourism. The present study assesses the capacity of a specific geotourism site, namely the Belitong Geopark located in the Belitung archipelago, which attracts a significant number of visitors. In this study, we present a methodology for evaluating the developmental prospects of geotourism locations through the utilization of three distinct forms of analysis. Initially, a quantitative assessment was conducted to determine the numerical worth of diverse attributes of the locations deemed significant for the advancement of geotourism. These characteristics included the added value that non-geotourism features contributed in addition to their scientific, tourism, and conservation values. Tourism can be a major source of income for the local community, but it is important to ensure that it is sustainable and does not damage the environment. The development of geotourism on Belitung Island could be facilitated through a collaborative effort between local communities, governmental bodies, and academic institutions through a private-public partnership.
Exploring potential use of language testing to foster environmental education
Authors: Patria Aditya Nur , Alfarisy Fitri
Published: November 2023

Environmental education is commonly integrated into classroom materials of many subjects to support SDGs. The topic on environment is potentially used in language testing. This will allow washback effect of the learning of the environmental issues which, hence, increase the test takers awareness. The present study aims to identify the potential benefits of integrating environmental issues into language testing. According to the study, integration of the topics should be done with caution to avoid construct-irrelevant variance. Unfamiliar topics frequently cause some issues in language testing, discouraging the test takers to rely on their background knowledge rather than their mere language competence. Thus, selection of topics should be done by also considering the objectives of the environmental education itself.
Identification of the relationship between rainfall intensity and the probability of urban flooding in Nganjuk District
Authors: Laksita Rahma Sukma , Sunarsih Sunarsih , Mussadun Mussadun
Published: November 2023

Floods are hydrometeorological disasters that often occur in various regions, including in Nganjuk Regency. From 2019 to 2022, there were urban floods that inundated highways, markets and hospitals and disrupted community and government activities. Heavy rain is one of the causes of flooding. Rain intensity, duration and frequency (IDF) curves were constructed using rainfall data from six rain gauge stations. This curve is used to determine the 10-year and 25-year probabilities of PUH intensity and the probability of causing flooding in Nganjuk District. Rain intensity in Nganjuk Regency is PUH 10 and 25 with an average rain duration of 15-60 minutes which is included in the moderate rain category, namely 20-50 mm/day. The results of this analysis will become the basis for consideration in formulating policies and strategies for urban flood disaster prevention and management in Nganjuk Regency. Therefore, coordination between the city government and the government is needed to reduce the risk of urban flooding in Nganjuk Regency.
Characterization of Reactivity Enhancement Coal Combustion with Empty Fruit Bunches Using Thermogravimetry Analysis
Authors: Chaeruni Wiwie , Hadiyanto  , Cahyadi  , Sutardi Tata
Published: November 2023

A study on the utilization of biomass in power plants as an alternative fuel was conducted. The benefit of biomass fuel is that it reduces greenhouse gas emissions, namely carbon dioxide, and contributes to reducing the effects of global warming. This paper discusses the characterization of coal and empty fruit bunch (EFB) blends as well as the characteristics of EFB using TG-DTA (Thermo gravimetric-Differential Thermal Analyzer). The study was conducted at a heating rate of 20°C/min in reaction air and inert (nitrogen) gas up to 900°C. Combustion properties were analyzed by observing the combustion profile graph. The increasing heating rate can shorten the reaction time (in the same temperature region), and therefore the temperature required for the sample to decompose is higher. However, combustion reactivity was analyzed by the reactivity index, where the higher the value, the higher the combustion rate and the faster the combustion time. A higher reactivity value of coal and EFB blends relative to coal has the potential to reduce the unburned carbon content of fly ash.
Space Perceptions of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Disposal (Study in: Kota Purwokerto, Kabupaten Banyumas)
Authors: Martono Dwi Nowo , Chairani Chahya , Wahyono Sri
Published: November 2023

Purwokerto has been processing waste from the source by organizing TPS 3R in every urban village in this city. The TPS 3R was established close to human activities, activities in the TPS 3R operation can disturb the comfort, health, and welfare of the community around the TPS 3R. This study aims to determine the public's perception of the TPS 3R in their neighborhood which is captured by their five senses such as sight, smell, hearing to the freedom of movement of the community, so that they can find out whether the TPS 3R in their neighborhood disturbs the comfort of the community or not. This study uses a spatial approach to see people's perceptions and in taking research samples with a buffer of 300 m from the point where the TPS 3R is located. To find out perceptions using a questionnaire distributed through interviews in person and online using a google form, which will then be processed using a Likert scale. All TPS 3R in Purwokerto have a total average of 159 or “Very Good”, meaning all TPS 3R in Purwokerto provides a very good perception of the surrounding environment. TPS 3R in Pabuwaran has the highest total average score or “Very Good” in all perception statements. The statement of perception with the highest number is the statement S. 7 or “TPS 3R in my neighborhood does not interfere with mobility, accessibility or traffic”. The lowest score in the perception statement was in S.3 or “the location of the TPS 3R in my neighborhood was in accordance with its placement”. The results of perceptions obtained from the community are needed to be used as input for the Purwokerto government in the development of the next TPS 3R, so as not to cause unfavorable perceptions and can increase community participation in the future.
Rural Waste Reduction Potential in The South of Gunungkidul Regency
Authors: Masjhoer Jussac Maulana , Syafrudin Syafrudin , Maryono Maryono
Published: November 2023

The waste reduction paradigm is closely related to the circular economy's goal of maximizing value at every point in the product's life. Composting and recycling plastics is a simple way of reducing waste. Understanding the waste reduction potential can provide an overview of the value of goods at the end of their useful life. Therefore, this study aims to provide an overview of the potential for waste reduction through composting and recycling of waste. This study took place in 6 sub-districts in the south of Gunungkidul Regency. Secondary data on the generation and composition of household waste was obtained from the Environmental Service. Waste reduction potential is calculated using the projected waste generation in 2035. The analysis carried out includes analysis of waste generation and composition, projected waste generation, and waste reduction potential. The waste generation in the south of Gunungkidul Regency is 0.4 kg per day with an organic waste composition of 70.43%. The projection of waste generation shows that in 2035 the waste generated will be 105,770,60 kg per day or 38,602.41-tons per year. The potential for composting raw materials is 59,590.58 kg per day, and recycled waste is 8,043.59 kg per day. 64% of the total waste generation can become raw material for products with economic value. The economic potential generated from the two products from waste reaches a gross profit of IDR 7,445,808,408 per month. The economic potential will be great if the product management operations are not on a household scale. Product feasibility studies and economic feasibility studies can be interesting topics.
Impact of Coral Reef Damage Due to Tourism Activities in Karimunjawa National Park
Authors: Aldyan Rizal Akbar , Budiastuti M.T.S. Sri , Warto Warto , Wiwik Wiwik
Published: November 2023

Tourism in Karimunjawa National Park is one of Central Java Province's main tourist sectors. Every year tourists visiting the Karimunjawa Marine National Park always increase. The domestic and regional market has driven the development of the Karimunjawa Islands as a tourist destination. It is promoted as a spot for diving and snorkeling, with the community participating as a provider of tour operator services, tour guides, and accommodation. Tourist visits that increase yearly raise concerns about the sustainability of tourism activities for the ecological sustainability of coral reefs. This paper aims to determine damage to coral reefs in Karimunjawa National Park due to tourism activities.
Water Quality Analysis and Pollution Load Capacity of The Central of Food Production Zones in Merauke Regency
Authors: Djaja Irba , Tambaib B.
Published: November 2023

The Maro River and the Kumbe River are the downstream of the drainage system of Semangga District, Tanah Miring District, and Kurik District, the central point of food production in Merauke Regency. The water quality of these rivers is related to the quantity and quality of water from the drainage system, therefore agricultural activities and other local ceremonial determine the water flow in the drainage system. This study aimed to evaluate the water pollution index, the pollution loads, and the pollution load capacity of seven sites at the Maro and Kumbe Rivers. Based on Total Suspend Solid (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) results which did not meet the quality standards, the water quality of these rivers displayed a degradation. The water quality status of these rivers from upstream to downstream is at low pollution level. The pollution load capacity of the Maro River is at site AS-2 (low tide level). Whereas the Kumbe River cannot accommodate pollution load capacity at both high and low tide levels anymore as the pollution load capacity of this river has exceed the quality standard limit in Regulation of Government of Republic of Indonesia No. 22 / 2021 for Class II.
Waste Footprint And Accounting Methods
Authors: Vološinová Dagmar , Ansorge Libor , Stejskalová Lada , Chernysh Yelizaveta
Published: November 2023

A comprehensive accounting of waste generation is the basis for the development of an effective waste management policy and makes it possible to identify the sources of waste generation. Identifying the major waste-producing sectors allows the waste policy to be targeted and measures to be taken with high efficiency. The aim of this study is to expand the environmental footprint of waste under an interdisciplinary perspective and propose a methodological approach to account for waste production pathways. The study used an interdisciplinary approach based on the integration of different methods for estimating waste accumulation and its qualitative characteristics using bibliometrics and different databases. Waste production can be viewed from the perspectives of both producers and consumers (perspectives based on production and consumption). Differences in the interpretation of the term "waste footprint" on the principles of circular economy were identified. At the same time, it is close to the water footprint principles, where the amount of fresh water used is included in the water footprint indicator, but only the amount that is consumed and cannot be reused. Similarly, the principle can be established that the waste footprint indicator should include only the amount of waste that is released into the environment and is no longer used as input in another production chain. Thus, the total waste production in a country is not in itself a valid measure of the burden on the environment. A formalization of the waste footprint approach is proposed, taking into account the possibility of waste recycling, using food waste as an example.
Economy, Service Distance and Physical Impairment as the Main Factors of Non-Adherence of Tuberculosis Patients in Districts/Cities
Authors: Manurung Nixson , Harahap R. Hamdani , Siregar Fazidah A. , Andayani Lita Sri
Published: November 2023

Increased treatment adherence in tuberculosis patients can control and reduce the incidence of tuberculosis, thereby improving the quality of life of the community. TB control must be carried out jointly by involving all levels of society, including health workers, community organizations, religious organizations, government, and the private sector. Compliance of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in taking medication is the key to successful tuberculosis treatment. This study aimed to explore the main indicators causing non-compliance of tuberculosis patients in taking the medication regularly. This research is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and then analyzed with Atlas. ti. The informants in this study consisted of fifteen people consisting of five people with tuberculosis, five patients' families, and five health workers. The results of this study found three themes, namely (1) Economy, (2) Distance of service, and (3) Impact of disease. It was concluded that these three indicators are the most important things that cause patients to finally decide to stop taking medicine even though they are basically willing to comply and routinely take medicine every day. It is suggested that there should be good cooperation between Puskesmas officers, village midwives, and village officials to facilitate this problem indicator.
Rapid Survey of Mosquito Larvae Density with a History of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Alma Lucky Radita , Kumar Anindita , Nastiti Aqila Pakerti , Arahmi Herdina , Shafira Shalma Vinanda , Rohana Suni , Aditya Ronal Surya
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is attributed to a viral infection that is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly those belonging to the aedes aegypti species. dengue hemorrhagic fever is a communicable ailment that is disseminated via the bite of the aedes aegypti mosquito. to date dhf remains the most prevalent ailment afflicting the populace of indonesia. method: the type of research used is descriptive research using a quick survey.

Method: the sample was selected by random sampling technique with a total of 110 selected households with inclusion criteria for each household that has an air storage area and exclusion criteria, namely respondents who are not willing to be interviewed and observed. supervision was carried out using instruments from the ministry of health contained in the guidelines for collecting vector (mosquito).

Result: the present study reports on the findings of a larva survey conducted in 110 households located in the lowokwaru district of malang city. the results indicate that the house index score was 19.09, the breteau index was 20.90, and the container index was 13.85. additionally, the larvae-free number was found to be 0.80%, and the number 4 density category was observed.

Conclusion: the level of mosquito density in the area is moderate. the observed density of mosquitoes in the tulusrejo and jatimulyo sub-districts indicates a significant likelihood of transmission of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf). it is imperative that individuals uphold and enhance proper phbs conduct in order to mitigate the likelihood of dhf transmission.
Anti-Toxoplasma IgM-IgG Titer in Malignancy Patients Receiving Chemotherapy at Dr. H Abdul Moeloek General Hospital of Lampung Province
Authors: Suwandi Jhons Fatriyadi , Noviany  , Kartika Juspeni , Kurniawan Betta , Mutiara Hanna , Islami Suryadi , Septiani Linda , Marcellia Selvi , Kurniawan Agnes
Published: November 2023

Transmission of toxoplasmosis is influenced by interacting disease agents, hosts and environmental conditions. Nutritional status is a host factor that cannot be ignored. Some studies suggest that high body mass index has a strong association with Toxoplasmosis. This study aims to analyze anti-toxoplasmosis IgM and IgG titers based on nutritional status in patients with malignancies who receive chemotherapy at the Lampung Provincial General Hospital, Indonesia. The design of this study was cross-sectional. The population of this study were malignancy patients who received chemotherapy with or without symptoms of infection at Lampung Provincial Hospital. Blood samples were examined for Toxoplasmosis serology to measure IgG and IgM titers. Examination with CMIA technique. Data analysis was done descriptively followed by Anova or Kruskal Wallis test. The results of this study showed that there were no differences in mean age, IgM and IgG titers in the three nutritional status groups.
Malaria Control Before and During the COVID-19’s Pandemic in Lawang Kidul, South Sumatera
Authors: Yayank Lewinsca Maurend , Raharjo Mursid , Nurjazuli Nurjazuli , Martini Martini , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani
Published: November 2023

Global cases of malaria have increased with the COVID-19 pandemic which has affected the morbidity and mortality of malaria in the world. Malaria cases in Indonesia decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as malaria cases in the regions. Lawang Kidul District is a malaria-endemic area and is the focus of a malaria elimination area in Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province. All malaria control activities have been disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to find out how to control malaria in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted using a qualitative method with in-depth interview techniques from 11 health and non-health sector informants. Data processing analysis was carried out using the NVivo 12 Pro application with visualization of the results in the form of a project map. The results showed that malaria control efforts during the 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic were reduced along with the reduced cross-sectoral involvement, this was due to the increasing development of COVID-19 cases. However, the new form of control during the COVID-19 pandemic is the formation of larva cadres in one elementary school, the formation of village regulations, and increased efforts to clean and healthy living behavior.
Role of the Family Members in the Prevention of Eclampsia
Authors: Khodijah Dodoh , Yustina Ida , Lumbanraja Sarma , Zuska Fikarwin
Published: November 2023

Preeclampsia is a global cause of maternal death. Maternal mortality due to eclampsia in Indonesia is 33.07%. Various interventions have been carried out, but until now maternal mortality due to preeclampsia has not been able to be controlled. Current interventions are more focused on medical interventions, but the involvement of the family members in the preeclampsia treatment is not optimal. The aim of this study is to explore the experience of family members in caring treatment woman with preeclampsia during pregnancy to prevent eclampsia. This is a qualitative study with a
phenomenological approach. Data collection using in-depth interviews. The informants in this study are 5 family members who have meet a inclusion criteria. The result this study found 2 themes, namely (1) family support, (2) family mentoring. The family support and family mentoring are necessary to prevent eclampsia in pregnant woman. Suggestions for the family members to involve in caring pregnant woman to prevent eclampsia.
EMG Analysis During Static Balance in Chronic Ankle Instability,
Coper and Controls
Authors: Han Seunguk , Oh Minsub , Lee Hyunwook , Hopkins J. Ty
Published: November 2023

Patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) consistently display postural
control alterations, which may result from sensorimotor dysfunction. This study
aimed to compare muscle activity in the lower extremity and postural control
among individuals with CAI, copers and uninjured controls during a static
balance test. A total of 57 physically active participants were categorized into
three groups (CAI, copers and controls) and performed a single-leg balance test
with two visual conditions: eyes open and eyes closed. Muscle activity in six
lower extremity muscles and center of pressure (CoP) variables were recorded and
analyzed. Patients with CAI exhibited greater muscle activity in the medial
gastrocnemius and gluteus maximus compared to controls or copers, regardless of
the visual condition. Copers displayed increased gluteus medius activity
compared to controls. Additionally, all groups demonstrated increased muscle
activity and CoP variables when visual feedback was disrupted. These findings
suggest that patients with CAI may have less effective recruitment of motor
units during static balance. On the other hand, greater muscle activity in the
gluteus medius in copers may represent a coping mechanism to avoid further ankle
injuries. Further research on muscle activity during dynamic postural control is
warranted to explore sensorimotor alterations in patients with CAI.
Spannung lösen – Evidenz-Update Plantarfasziitis
Authors: Hartmann Patrick
Published: November 2023

Bis zu 10 Prozent der Bevölkerung entwickeln innerhalb ihres Lebens Fersenschmerzen, für die die Plantarfaszie verantwortlich ist. Ein erhöhtes Risiko haben Sportler*innen und inaktive Menschen, Letztere insbesondere bei einem erhöhten BMI im Alter. Anhaltende Fersenschmerzen schränken die Lebensqualität maßgeblich ein und reduzieren die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit 1–5. Meist reicht eine konservative Therapie aus, die jedoch auch die Risikofaktoren und biomechanische Auffälligkeiten beseitigen sollte.
About the Usage and Usability of Central Venous Catheters in Children
with TPN: the Parents’ Viewpoint
Authors: Tüshaus Ludger , Kelly Kathrin , Siebert Julia , Kohl-Sobania Martina
Published: November 2023

Background Medical devices are important components of medical care.
Therefore, they must be safe and useful for patients. This study aimed to
analyze the situation of children with central venous catheters (CVCs) for
long-term parenteral nutrition from the parents’ perspective with
respect to patient safety and usefulness.

Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using a
quantitative research approach, with a German patient support group for children
with chronic intestinal failure.

Results 61 responses were collected between November 202 and January 2021.
Concerning the usability of the CVCs, the caregivers assessed overall
satisfaction, patient safety, usability, learnability of handling,
“self-explanatory ability, “ and mental load. Furthermore,
various suggestions for improvements have been documented.

Conclusion Although CVCs can cause a variety of complications in the
context of long-term use, the usage for parents in everyday life is feasible.
Insufficient fixation and protection outside of the body have been identified as
unmet clinical needs. In addition to the underlying disease of chronic
intestinal failure, the catheter adds an extra mental burden to
families’ lives. Furthermore, parents articulated the need for further
information and training.
Looking through Providers' Eyes: Pain in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Borten Julia B.L. , Barros Marina C.M. , Silva Erica S. , Carlini Lucas P. , Balda Rita C.X. , Orsi Rafael N. , Heiderich Tatiany M. , Sanudo Adriana , Thomaz Carlos E. , Guinsburg Ruth
Published: November 2023

Objective Evaluate the pain of critically ill newborns is a challenge because of the devices for cardiorespiratory support. This study aim to verify the adults' gaze when assessing the critically ill neonates' pain at bedside.

Study Design Cross-sectional study in which pediatricians, nursing technicians, and parents evaluated critically ill neonates' pain at bedside, for 20 seconds with eye-tracking glasses. At the end, they answered whether the neonate was in pain or not. Visual tracking outcomes: number and time of visual fixations in four areas of interest (AOI) (face, trunk, and upper [UL] and lower [LL] limbs) were compared between groups and according to pain perception (present/absent).

Results A total of 62 adults (21 pediatricians, 23 nursing technicians, 18 parents) evaluated 27 neonates (gestational age: 31.8 ± 4.4 weeks; birth weight: 1,645 ± 1,234 g). More adults fixed their gaze on the face (96.8%) and trunk (96.8%), followed by UL (74.2%) and LL (66.1%). Parents performed a greater number of fixations on the trunk than nursing technicians (11.0 vs. 5.5 vs. 6.0; p = 0.023). Controlled for visual tracking variables, each second of eye fixation in AOI (1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.42; p = 0.018) and UL (1.07; 95% CI: 1.03–1.10; p < 0.001) increased the chance of perceiving the presence of pain.

Conclusion Adults, when assessing at bedside critically ill newborns' pain, fixed their eyes mainly on the face and trunk. The time spent looking at the UL was associated with the perception of pain presence.

Key Points
The Development of the International Intestinal Failure Registry and an Overview of its Results
Authors: Avitzur Yaron , Pahl Eric , Venick Robert ,   and the International Intestinal Failure Registry
Published: November 2023

Pediatric intestinal failure (IF) is a rare disease that represents an evolving field in pediatric gastroenterology and surgery. With only a limited number of multicenter collaborations, much of the research in pediatric IF is often confined to single-center reports with small sample sizes. This has resulted in challenges in data interpretation and left many knowledge gaps unanswered. Over the past two decades, five large multicenter collaborations, primarily from North America and Europe, have published their findings. Apart from one ongoing European adult and pediatric registry, these relatively large-scale efforts have been concluded.

In 2018, the International Intestinal Failure Registry (IIFR) was initiated by the International Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplant Association to continue these efforts and answer some of the knowledge gaps in pediatric IF. The IIFR goals are to prospectively assess the natural history of children diagnosed with IF and creating a worldwide platform to facilitate benchmarking and evidence-based interventions in pediatric IF. A pilot phase involving 204 enrolled patients was initiated in 2018 to assess the feasibility of an international IF registry and refine the study protocol and data collection forms. Following the successful completion of this phase, the current phase of the IIFR was launched in 2021. As of May 2023, the registry includes 362 prospectively followed children from 26 centers worldwide. This review provides an overview of the development, structure, and challenges of the IIFR, as well as the main findings from both the pilot and current phase.
Current Strategies on the Enantioselective Synthesis of Modified Nucleosides
Authors: Pal Shantanu , Chandra Girish , Mondal Samir Kumar , Mahto Birkishore
Published: November 2023

The isolation of two carbocyclic nucleosides, viz., neplanocin A and aristeromycin, from natural sources, triggered a revolution in the scientific community, leading to the development of more versatile and therapeutically useful compounds. For this purpose, many new methods for the synthesis of the carbocyclic framework of nucleosides have been developed. These efforts resulted in the successful development of many marketable drugs. The inherent benefits associated with carbocyclic nucleosides, such as higher lipophilicity and metabolic stability, resistance against glycosidic hydrolysis and the ability to modify aromatic bases by cellular phosphorylases, make them popular for the development of drugs against cancer and different viruses. Classically, carbocyclic nucleosides of various ring sizes and configurations have been synthesized starting from chiral pool substrates, such as ribose, glucose, etc., but recently, many other new asymmetric versions have been developed. Herein, we present recent developments on the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of nucleoside analogues, including carbocyclic and other varieties. This account provides new insights into the future development of modified nucleosides.

1 Introduction

2 Cyclic Nucleosides

3 Acyclic Nucleosides

4 Conclusion
Comparison of Intratympanic and Systemic Steroid Therapy as Primary Treatments for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorial Hearing Loss
Authors: Fuji Sayaka , Takeuchi Ayako , Kariya Akifumi , Akisada Naoki , Koyama Takahisa , Fujisawa Iku , Hamada Koji , Ishihara Hisashi , Akagi Seiko
Published: November 2023

Recently, intratympanic steroid (ITS) therapy has been used as a primary or salvage treatment for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL). In the present study, we retrospectively compared the efficacies of ITS and systemic steroid (SS) therapies as primary treatments for ISSHL. This study included 112 patients treated for ISSHL at our hospital, of which 44 received ITS therapy and 68 received SS therapy. Regarding patient background characteristics, the mean age (76 vs. 65 years, p < 0.0001) and percentage of patients with diabetes mellitus (55 vs. 18%, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the ITS group than in the SS group, whereas the rate of prior steroid use was lower in the ITS group than in the SS group (9 vs. 31%, p = 0.0068). After 3 weeks, the treatment response was cure, marked recovery, recovery, and no change in 11, 9, 8, and 16 patients in the ITS group and 32, 11, 5, and 20 patients in the SS group, respectively. Accordingly, the SS group was found to have a significantly higher cure rate than the ITS group (47 vs. 25%, p = 0.0191), with similar findings after propensity score matching (48 vs. 22%, p = 0.0461). Therefore, SS therapy is recommended as a primary treatment for ISSHL in patients who are not old or at a high risk of SS therapy-associated complications.
The Relationship between Gestational Weight Gain and Cesarean Delivery among Patients undergoing Induction of Labor
Authors: Bender Whitney R. , Hamm Rebecca F. , Dolin Cara , Levine Lisa D.
Published: November 2023

Objective This study aimed to determine the impact of pregnancy weight gain above National Academy of Medicine (NAM) guidelines on cesarean delivery rates following induction.

Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of patients who underwent induction at a single tertiary care center between July 2017 and July 2019. Included in the primary study were patients undergoing term (≥37 weeks) labor induction with a singleton gestation, intact membranes, and unfavorable cervical examination (Bishop score of ≤6 and cervical dilation ≤ 2 cm). Eligibility for this analysis was limited to patients with a documented prenatal body mass index (BMI) < 20 weeks' gestation. The primary exposure was gestational weight gain greater than NAM guidelines (WGGG) for a patient's initial BMI category. The primary outcome was cesarean delivery for any indication.

Results Of 1,610 patients included in the original cohort, 1,174 (72.9%) met inclusion criteria for this analysis and 517 (44.0%) of these had weight gain above NAM guidelines. Of the entire cohort, 60.0% were Black and 52.7% had private insurance. In total, 160 patients (31%) with WGGG underwent cesarean compared with 127 patients (19.3%) without WGGG (p < 0.001), which equates to a 59% increased odds of cesarean when controlling for initial BMI category, parity, gestational diabetes, and indication for induction (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–2.12). Among only nulliparous patients, WGGG was associated with an increased odds of cesarean (26.4 vs. 38.2%, aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.07–2.10). In multiparous patients, however, there was no difference in cesarean between those with and without WGGG (8.8 vs. 14.1%, aOR 1.85, 95% CI 0.96–3.58).

Conclusion This study demonstrates that weight gain above NAM guidelines is associated with more than a 50% increased odds of cesarean. Patients should be informed of this association as gestational weight gain may be a modifiable risk factor for cesarean delivery.

Key Points
Ergodicity bounds for stable Ornstein–Uhlenbeck systems in Wasserstein distance with applications to cutoff stability
Authors: Barrera Gerardo , Högele Michael A.
Published: November 2023

This article establishes cutoff stability also known as abrupt thermalization for generic multidimensional Hurwitz stable Ornstein–Uhlenbeck systems with (possibly degenerate) Lévy noise at fixed noise intensity. The results are based on several ergodicity quantitative lower and upper bounds some of which make use of the recently established shift linearity property of the Wasserstein–Kantorovich–Rubinstein distance by the authors. It covers such irregular systems like Jacobi chains and more general networks of coupled harmonic oscillators with a heat bath (including Lévy excitations) at constant temperature on the outer edges and the so-called Brownian gyrator.
Transparent and flexible zinc oxide-based thin-film diodes and thin-film transistors: A review
Authors: Natu Krutika , Laad Meena , Ghule Babaji , Shalu Akhila
Published: November 2023

Electronics today has evolved significantly, including its application in transparent and flexible devices. Flexible electronics offers new product concepts, including low production cost, low energy consumption, and sustainable and environmentally friendly materials. This concept leads to the development of novel materials that realize today’s requirements. Incorporating optically transparent and flexible thin-film-based devices into the electronic circuitry helps in maintaining high conductivity along with achieving the similar electronic behavior of the conventional electronic gadgets. Thin-film diodes (TFDs) and thin-film transistors (TFTs) are the core materials to be incorporated as building blocks for flexible devices. Among them, oxide-based thin films have been marked to be significant because of their efficient electrical performance, low temperature processing, and device flexibility. The present article reviews the concepts and application of zinc oxide (ZnO) as the semiconducting material for flexible thin-film devices. We also review flexible and transparent TFDs and TFTs that are based prominently on ZnO as the semiconducting material. Furthermore, the present issues have also been addressed.
Numerical investigation of supercritical combustion dynamics in a multi-element LOx–methane combustor using flamelet-generated manifold approach
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , De Ashoke , Kumar S. Sunil
Published: November 2023

The article investigates liquid oxygen (LOx)–methane supercritical combustion dynamics in a multi-element rocket-scale combustor using large eddy simulation (LES). A complex framework of real gas thermodynamics and flamelet-generated manifold (FGM) combustion model is invoked to simulate transcritical oxygen injection and supercritical methane combustion. A benchmark Mascotte chamber, rocket combustion Modeling (RCM) test case, i.e., RCM-3 (V04)/G2 test case, is used to validate the real gas FGM model in the LES framework. The validation study accurately reproduces experimental flame structure and OH concentration, demonstrating the FGM model's importance in incorporating finite rate kinetics in LOx–methane combustion. Subsequently, the numerical framework investigates a specially designed multi-element combustion chamber featuring seven bidirectional swirl coaxial injectors. The analyses capture the complex hydrodynamics and combustion dynamics associated with multiple swirl injectors operating at supercritical pressure, effectively demonstrating the initiation of transverse acoustic waves and examining the effect of local sound speed on the evolution of acoustic modes in the combustor. The dominant frequency modes shed light on understanding the role of injectors in enhanced combustor dynamics. Spectral analysis reveals the interplay of the upstream injector and chamber acoustics due to possible frequency coupling. The results also highlight the effect of fuel injection temperature on the stability of the combustor, revealing a violent dynamic activity for lower fuel injection temperature associated with the longitudinal acoustic mode of the combustor. The investigation appropriately reproduces self-sustained limit-cycle oscillations at lower fuel injection temperatures and corroborates the conventional understanding of combustor instability.
Asymptotic vacuum solution at tokamak X-point tip
Authors: Zheng Linjin , Kotschenreuther M. T. , Waelbroeck F. L.
Published: November 2023

In the H-mode regime of diverted tokamaks, the presence of strong pressure gradients in the pedestal gives rise to a sizable bootstrap current, together with the Ohmic and Pfirsch–Schlueter currents, close to the separatrix. For such equilibria, the presence of finite current density close to the separatrix requires the reexamination of equilibrium properties. It is almost universally assumed that the two branches of the separatrix (the stable and unstable manifolds) are straight as they cross at the X-point. However, the opposite angles of the plasma-filled segment and vacuum one cannot be equal if the current density does not vanish at the separatrix on the plasma side. We solve this difficulty by chipping off a thin layer of plasma edge so that the sharp corner of the plasma-filled segment becomes a hyperbola. Using the conformal transformation, we found that in the assumption of a hyperbolic boundary, the X point moves beyond the plasma boundary to fall in the vacuum region. An acute angle of the plasma-filled segment leads to an obtuse opposite angle of vacuum segment and vice versa. In the case of an acute angle of the plasma-filled segment, the new X point shifts inside the X point formed by the asymptotes of a hyperbolic boundary; in the case of an obtuse angle of the plasma-filled segment, the new X point shifts outside the X point formed by the asymptotes of a hyperbolic plasma boundary. The results are important for understanding the X point features, which affect the tokamak edge stability and transport.
Liquid entrainment in annular gas–liquid two-phase flow: A critical assessment of experimental data and prediction methods
Authors: Cioncolini Andrea
Published: November 2023

Annular flow is one of the most frequently observed flow patterns with gas–liquid two-phase flows in tubes or channels. In the annular flow pattern, a thin liquid film flows along the channel wall, while the gas flows in the center of the channel carrying liquid droplets in suspension. The fraction of the liquid flow rate that is transported as suspended droplets is quantified using the entrained liquid fraction (ELF), which is a key flow parameter in the analysis and modeling of annular flows. This review provides a critical assessment of ELF experimental data available in the open literature and of ELF prediction methods proposed to date. The experimental data assessment is carried out by means of a large ELF data bank collected from the literature (4175 data points from 53 literature studies; 10 fluids combinations; operating pressures from atmospheric to 20 MPa; experiments carried out with adiabatic, evaporating, and condensing flows through circular tubes, and non-circular channels with diameters from 3.02 to 155.7 mm), which is critically analyzed devoting special attention to important aspects not adequately addressed in previous studies, such as a cross-comparison between different ELF measuring techniques, and the analysis of flow development and gravity effects. The assessment of the ELF prediction methods focuses on 15 widely quoted methods, which are critically analyzed and whose prediction performance is evaluated against the measured data. The curated ELF experimental data bank is provided in full and usable form. Research gaps for further investigations are identified and discussed.
Triad resonance of flexural gravity waves in the presence of shear current with constant vorticity
Authors: Bisht N. , Boral S. , Sahoo T. , Meylan Michael. H.
Published: November 2023

This study examines the formation of triads of flexural gravity wave in a homogeneous fluid within the context of blocking dynamics due to the presence of shear current. This study will enable us to understand the distribution of wave energy on an ice-covered sea surface. New classes of triads for flexural gravity waves are introduced depending on the direction of wave propagation with following and opposing currents. The study reveals that triad formation occurs due to the interaction of flexural gravity waves irrespective of the presence of compression and current, which has not been found in the case of free surface gravity waves. In addition, at most, three triads are formed in the case of flexural gravity waves in the presence of following and opposing currents prior to the threshold of blocking. In contrast, at least three triads are formed for any frequency within the primary and secondary blocking limits for certain values of compressive force and current speed. On the other hand, 11 triads are formed in the presence of uniform current speed as well as in the case of linear shear current with constant vorticity for a certain frequency within the blocking limit for higher values of compressive force and current speed.
Ultrathin MXene film interaction with electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range
Authors: Rakhmanov Roman , Shuck Christopher Eugene , Al Hourani Jamal , Ippolito Stefano , Gogotsi Yury , Friedman Gary
Published: November 2023

The quick progress in communication technologies demands superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. However, achieving a high shielding effectiveness (SE) with thin films, which is needed for microscale, flexible, and wearable devices, through absorption of EM radiation remains a challenge. 2D titanium carbide MXene, Ti3C2Tx, has been shown to efficiently reflect electromagnetic waves. In this paper, we investigated the electromagnetic shielding of ultrathin printed Ti3C2Tx films and recorded absorption up to 50% for 4 nm-thick films. This behavior is explained by impedance matching. Analysis of the sheet impedance in the X-band frequency range allows us to correlate the EMI shielding mechanism with the electrical conductivity measured within the same range. The average bulk in-plane conductivity for 4 to 40 nm-thick films reaches 106 S/m, while the average relaxation time is estimated at around 2.3 ps. Our figures of merit are similar to those reported for ultrathin metal films, such as gold, showing that an abundant MXene material can replace noble metals. We demonstrate that the MXene conductivity mechanism does not change from direct current to THz. The conventional method of reporting EMI SE is correlated with absolute values of transmitted, reflected, and absorbed power, which allows us to interpret previous results on MXene EMI shielding. Considering the easy deposition of thin MXenes films from solution onto a variety of surfaces, our findings offer an attractive alternative for shielding microscale devices and personal electronics.