bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medication adherence in the treatment of depression
Authors: Pejuskovic B. , Lero M. , Pavlovic V. , Nikolasevic G. , Pesic V.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Depression is predicted to become one of the major sources of disease burden worldwide, leading to numerous adverse consequences that complicate the daily rhythm of life. Non-adherence is a serious issue in patients suffering from depression. Premature discontinuation of treatment is repeatedly encountered in depression, bringing on to increased disease severity, greater number of relapses, more hospitalizations and decreased remission rates. Given the impact of medication non-adherence among patients with depressive disorders, it is important to recognize factors associated with non-adherence and find ways to influence them.

Objectives

Our objective was to find out the frequency, as well as potential differences in self-reported psychological distress of medical adherence in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder.

Methods

Sample consisted 83 patients (Mage = 45.4, SD = 14.8, 76% were female, 24% were male) with major depressive disorder (MDD) hospitalized at the Clinical Department of Crisis and Affective Disorders. After the informed consent of patients, the following assessment tools were administered: A socio-demographic questionnaire, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.-6), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).

Results

Thirty-three (39.8%) patients were considered non-adherent (MMAS-8 adherence score < 6) while 45 (54.2%) had moderate adherence (MMAS-8 adherence score < 8) and 5 (6%) high adherence (MMAS-8 adherence score = 8) to their medication respectively. Negative associations were found between medication adherence and self-reported levels of depression (r = -0.30, p < 0.01), anxiety (r = -0.29. p < 0.01) and stress (r = -0.31, p < 0.01). One-way ANOVA yielded significant variation on the self-reported anxiety subscale of the DASS-21 questionnaire among adherence groups of patients with MMD (F (2,80) = 3.73, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.26). A post hoc Tuckey test showed that the non-adherent and moderate adherent groups of patients significantly differ on the level of experienced anxiety; the high adherence group was not significantly different from other two groups. Results indicate that the non-adherent group generally experiences more symptoms of anxiety than the moderate adherent group.

Conclusions

Patients with major depressive disorder show significant non-adherence to medical treatment. More research is needed in this direction, as well as the development of recommendations and strategies to improve the level of adherence in this group of patients.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Does intensive home treatment change treatment trajectories of psychiatric disorders?
Authors: Martín-Blanco A. , González-Fernández A. , Farré A. , Vieira S. , Alvaro P. , Isern C. , Giménez D. , Torres C. , de la Cruz V. , Martín C. , Moll N. , Castro O. , Sagué-Vilavella M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Intensive home treatment (IHT) for people experiencing a mental health crisis has been progressively established in many western countries as an alternative to in-ward admission. But is this a real alternative? We previously reported that patients treated in our IHT unit only differ from those voluntarily admitted to hospital in suicidal risk and severe behaviour disorders (not in other factors such as clinical severity) (Martín-Blanco et al., Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment 2022;15:213-5). Now we are interested in disentangle if those patients who used to require inward management can be successfully treated at home.

Objectives

To describe subsequent treatment trajectories of the first 1000 admissions to our IHT unit and to compare clinical characteristics among the different groups of trajectories.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study. Subsequent treatment trajectories were collected from December 2016 to October 2022 and classified: absence, hospital, IHT, and mixed (hospital and IHT). Statistical significance was tested by means of ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test for quantitative variables (corrected for multiple comparisons) and chi-square tests for qualitative variables.

Results

Tables 1 shows the characteristics of the whole sample. Of the 1000 IHT admissions, 12.1% needed subsequent hospital admission(s), 12.7% IHT admission(s), and 9.3% mixed admission(s). There were no differences among these groups in median severity at IHT admission, but there were differences in the number of previous admissions (p=0.0001): the group with no subsequent admissions had less previous admissions than the other groups (pBonf<0.0001), and the group with subsequent IHT admissions had less than the group with mixed admissions (pBonf=0.0123). There were differences between groups regarding distribution of diagnoses (p<0.0001) (Fig. 1). When considering subsequent admissions by diagnosis, there were differences in severity at IHT admission (p=0.0068) and in number of previous hospitalizations (p<0.0001) (Fig. 2).Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of the whole sample (N=1000)

meanSDAge (years)47.0717.02CGI-s at admission *54-5N%Sex (female)54854.8%Psychotic disorders46346.3%Affective disorder25725.7%Bipolar disorder12812.8%Other disorders15215.2%Hospital admission in the previous 5 years31331.3%

CGI-s: clinical global impression - severity. * median and IQR

Image:

Image 2:

Conclusions

Patients that used to require inward management can now be treated at home when suffering an acute episode. Therefore, IHT has changed treatment trajectories for some patients with psychiatric disorders.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Analysis of sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors associated with cognitive aging
Authors: Suwalska A. , Pałys W. , Łojko D. , Suwalska J. , Tobis S. , Kasierska M. , Wieczorowska-Tobis K.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Cognitive aging is defined as the cognitive decline during the aging process. Most cognitive skills deteriorate in old age; however, there are individual differences in the speed of the decline and severity of neuropsychological deficits.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to delineate the associations of sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors with cognitive aging.

Methods

302 participants aged 60 years and above (mean age 69,6±7,2; range 60-92 years) were included in the study. Women were 69.9% of the group (N = 211). Subjects completed the questionnaire (sociodemographic and anthropometric data, chronic diseases), and depression intensity was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Cognitive functions were evaluated using MiniMental State Examination, Trail Making Test, Stroop test, and selected tests from CANTAB battery (Pattern Recognition Memory, Spatial Recognition Memory, Spatial Span, Spatial Working Memory).

Results

Age influenced most of the studied cognitive functions. Higher education level and more frequent cognitive activities (e.g. reading and crosswords) had a protective effect on the performance of tests assessing working memory and executive functions. Working memory and attention assessed in the Stroop test in part B were most sensitive to the negative impact of age, lower education level, and lower frequency of cognitive activity. Higher body mass index (BMI≥28) and diabetes were associated with worse spatial working memory.

Conclusions

The results suggesting the association between lifestyle factors – cognitive activity and cognitive functions can contribute to the development of interventions aimed at the preservation of cognitive functions in older age.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Evidence that Moved Psychedelic Medicine from the Fringe to the Mainstream in 2022
Authors: Bogenschutz M.
Published: August 2023

Interest in possible clinical uses for psychedelic drugs has grown steadily over the past decade. Although impressive findings from small studies stimulated considerable speculation and provided a strong justification for further study of psychedelic treatments, until very recently there was a dearth of high-quality evidence for their efficacy, mechanisms of action, and appropriate treatment models for clinical use. However, during the past 2-3 years, there have been dramatic advances in the field. This presentation will focus on 5 publications in the field of psychedelic medicine that exemplify three important aspects of the recent progress in psychedelic research. (1) There has been a rapid increase in the number and size of controlled clinical trials of various psychedelic treatments. (2) Conceptual models for studying and potentially understanding the therapeutic effect of psychedelics have increased in sophistication and comprehensiveness. And (3) progress has been made toward developing models of treatment that would facilitate access to safe and effective psychedelic treatments, if and when they are approved by regulatory bodies. Although progress has been rapid, the field of psychedelic medicine is still in its infancy. Much more work on these and many other fronts will be necessary to discover what the study of psychedelics can contribute to healthcare and neuroscience.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Development and first validation of the Portuguese version of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale–Short Form (BTPS-SF)
Authors: Pereira A. T. , Brito M. J. , Marques C. , Araujo A. I. , Cabaços C. , Carneiro M. , Amaral A. P. , Macedo A.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The Portuguese version of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS), a 45-item self-report measure of rigid, self-critical, and narcissistic perfectionism, presented good reliability, construct and concurrent validity both in a sample of university students (Lino, Pereira et al. 2018) and of adults from the general population (Oliveira, Pereira et al. 2021).

Objectives

To develop and validate a Portuguese brief version of the BTPS, the Big Three Perfectionism Scale–Short Form (BTPS-SF) in a sample of university students.

Methods

The procedure followed to select items for the short version was based on the 45-items BTPS confirmatory factorial analysis (Lino, Pereira et al. 2018). Following Feher et al. (2020) strategy, with Canadian university students, we retained between one and two from each of the 10 perfectionism facets in the BTPS, 16 items in total. The 16 items selected had loadings ranging from .63 to .88 (Lino, Pereira et al. 2018), thus meeting the suggested requirement of high loadings being above .60 in magnitude (Afifi et al. 2011).

Participants were 633 Portuguese students (medicine, dentistry and health technologies; 82.1% girls; mean age=21.25±3.115); they answered an online survey including the BTPS and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS; Xavier et al. 2017).

Results

Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that both the first (χ2/df=3.074; RMSEA=.0573, p<.001; CFI=.9591; TLI=.9478, GFI=.9465) and the second order (χ2/df=3.714; RMSEA=.0655, p<.001; CFI=.9482; TLI=.9317, GFI=.9318) models presented good fit indexes. The Cronbach’s alfas were: a=.865 for the total and .855, .829 and .750, respectively for F1 (rigid perfectionism), F2 (self-critical perfectionism) and F3 (narcissistic perfectionism). Pearson coefficient correlations with DASS total score were significant (p<.01), positive and moderate for the total 16-items- BTPS (r=.375), F1 (r=.285), F2 (r=.465) and low for F3 (r=.177). Correlation coefficients with Depression, Anxiety and Stress sub-scales presented the same pattern and magnitude.

Conclusions

Due to its good validity and reliability, the Portuguese BTPS–SF is an efficient and useful alternative to the 55-item version. When it is not necessary to measure the ten facets, the BTPS-SF has the advantages of conciseness, brevity and ease of filling.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Early memories of warmth and safeness with peers and borderline personality features in adolescents: The mediator role of self-disgust
Authors: Pinto-Gouveia C. , Rocheteau A. , Carreiras D. , Cunha M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Adolescence is a development stage that stands out by normative challenges that comprise the creation of representations about the self and the others, the definition of a sense of identity, and adaptation of emotional regulatory strategies and behaviors in social contexts, particularly within the group of peers. However, these developmental tasks can raise psychological difficulties that may facilitate the emergence of psychopathology in adolescents.

Objectives

Analyze the role of self-disgust in the relationship between early memories of warmth and safeness with peers and borderline personality features in adolescents.

Methods

Sample was composed of 451 adolescents (260 females and 185 males), with a mean of 15.55 years of age (SD = 1.49), who completed self-report questionnaires to assess early memories of warmth and safeness with peers (EMWSSPeers-A), self-disgust (MSDS-A) and borderline features (BPFS-C). Pearson’s correlation coefficients and a path analysis were performed using SPSS and PROCESS Macro.

Results

Girls had higher values of self-disgust and borderline features than boys, as well as similar levels in early memories of warmth and safeness with peers. The mediation model was significant and explained 54% of the variance of the borderline traits, with early emotional positive memories with peers and self-disgust dimensions contributing significantly to the explanation model. Gender and exclusion (a specific dimension of the self-disgust scale) did not have predictive power in borderline features.

Conclusions

Our results contribute to a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms involved in the development of borderline traits and consequently to clinical practices and research on adolescence.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Digital tools for at-distance psychiatric support in war time
Authors: Maruta N. O.
Published: August 2023

Digital technologies help to improve the work of psychiatric services through the use of modern approaches.

The use of telepsychiatry (TP) during war allows people with psychiatric disorders to receive quality treatment that would otherwise be unavailable.

TP and other digital technologies are an important resource for providing psychiatric care to internally and externally displaced persons affected by war.

As our experience shows, the conditions for effective use of TP are availability of legislative, technical and staff base. The services are implemented according to the protocol, which defines the methods of treatment’s effectiveness evaluation.

The presentation will provide methodological approaches to the use of TP and other digital tools.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Sleep disturbances in bipolar disorder with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Cruz Sanabria F. , Bonelli C. , Gravina D. , Violi M. , Massoni L. , Bruno S. , Faraguna U. , Dell’Osso L. , Carmassi C.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Sleep disturbances are frequently reported in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD), parallel, patients with BD report significantly higher rates of exposure to major lifetime traumatic events than the general population with a high risk of developing PTSD.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare sleep parameters subjectively and objectively measured, in patients with BD with or without PTSD with respect to healthy control subjects.

Methods

73 patients with BD (26 BD+ PTSD and 46 BDw/oPTSD) and 88 HC were evaluated through actigraphic monitoring to explore sleep and circadian parameters, scales exploring sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index -PSQI-) and chronotype (reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire –rMEQ-) and the Trauma and Loss Spectrum Self Report (TALS-SR), for lifetime trauma and loss spectrum symptoms.

Results

Compared to age-matched HC, patients with BD reported lower sleep quality, lower rMEQ scores suggestive of delayed chronotype, longer total sleep time, higher waking after sleep onset, lower interdaily stability and lower sleep health. Patients with BD+PTSD reported significantly higher PSQI scores than BDw/oPTSD; significant correlations between the PSQI total scores and TALS-SR symptomatic domains emerged in the BD+PTSD group only.

Conclusions

Our results suggest a strong correlation between sleep disturbances, particularly evaluated by subjective measures, and PTSD symptoms in patients with BD.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Conduct disorder and hyperprolinemia type I: A case report
Authors: Olivier L. , De Juan Ó. , Andreu H. , Bueno L. , Llobet M. , Ortiz A. , Morer A. , Lázaro L. , Ilzarbe D.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Hyperprolinemia is defined by high proline levels of blood and its primary type consists on a metabolic disorder that is the result of a number of different genetic defects affecting the degradation of proline. The complex relationship between this disease and different psychiatric phenotypes has been an important subject of study in recent years, suggesting a “common psychiatric phenotype” (Namavar et al. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2021; 186(5), 289-317), though its exact characteristics are yet to be determined. A higher prevalence of psychotic disorders (Guo et al. Metab Brain dis 2018; 33 89-97) explained through altered glutamate metabolism, autism spectrum disorders, developmental delay and intellectual disability has been proposed.

Objectives

To describe the case of a patient, recently diagnosed of hyperprolinemia type I, presenting a conduct disorder alongside with ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder and an unspecified pervasive developmental disorder.

Methods

We present the case of a 15-year-old male that has received follow-up care by our mental health services. The patient was born preterm (35+5 weeks) and required reanimation, oxygen therapy, antiretroviral therapy (biological mother was HIV positive) and pharmacological therapy with phenobarbital (in order to treat methadone withdrawal syndrome). It was adopted nationally when he was 18-month-old and experimented an adequate development during his first years, only highlighting slight psychomotor restlessness and distinctive facial features. During the next years, he receives diagnosis of ADHD (with little to no registered response to amphetamine derivatives), oppositional defiant disorder, social pragmatic communication disorder and fetal alcohol syndrome.

Results

During his first hospital admission, a neuropediatrician was contacted to study the patient and recommended for a metabolic screening to be done, where high blood levels of proline were detected (940.1μmol/L). After this, a procedure of massive exome sequencing of genes that were known to be related to alterations in the metabolism of proline was conducted, finding the mutation c.[1357C>T] in the gen PRODH. This translates to an amino acid replacement in the protein proline dehydrogenase (p.[Arg453Cys]; [Arg453Cys]), which has been studied (Bender et al. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76 409–420) that it reduced its activity in a 70%, making it a very probable cause of the hyperprolinemia.

Conclusions

There is still scarce evidence of the psychiatric phenotypes presented in patients with hyperprolinemia. Further research is needed in order to accurately define the complex relationship between this metabolic disorder and its effect on the central nervous system.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Association between depression and insulintherapy
Authors: Zaouali F. , El Khemiri A. , Boubaker F. , Arfa S. , Zantour B. , Alaya W. , Sfar M. H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Insulin is the basic medical therapy to manage type 1 diabetes and is also a cornerstone of treatment of type 2 diabetes as insulinopenia belongs to its natural history. However, insulintherapy is associated with many challenges especially psychological difficulties such as patient’s acceptance and compliance, which may lead to metabolic and psychological disorders.

Objectives

The aim of our study was to determine the association between insulintherapy and depression.

Methods

A cross sectional analytic study was conducted from October 2019 to October 2020 among a group of diabetic patients followed in the Endocrinology Department of Taher Sfar University Hospital in Mahdia, Tunisia. “DSM-V diagnosis criteria for depression screening” and “Hamilton score scale” were used to evaluate the severity of depression.

Results

A total of 260 patients were recruited in our study. The mean age was of 57.36±15.4 years with extremities ranging from 20 to 91 years. The sex ratio M/F was situated at 0.59. The mean diabetes duration was of 10.92 years. The majority of patients had type 2 diabetes (92.3%). The micro vascular long-term complications of diabetes were the most frequent (67.7%): neuropathy (39%), retinopathy (37%) and nephropathy (24%). According to the “DSM-V diagnosis criteria”, 15% of the study population suffered from a Major Depressive disorder (MDD). Hamilton score scale showed that thirty-eight patients had severe depression symptoms (14.6%). Insulintherapy was associated with MDD and depression severity (19.1% vs 10.1% ; p=0,041 and 20% vs 8.4% ; p<10–3).

Conclusions

Diabetic patients treated with insulin seem to be exposed to severe depressive syndromes. Once insulin initiated, doctors should be careful at the psychological aspects and the burden of this decision and use in consequence appropriate tools to screen depressive symptoms and anxiety. The role of family doctor is crucial providing early psychological support and preventing complications associated with depression especially poor glycemic control.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The effect of music to improve sleep quality in depression related insomnia
Authors: Lund H. N. , Pedersen I. N. , Heymann-Szlachcinska A. , Tuszewska M. , Bizik G. , Larsen J. I. , Drago A. , Kulhay E. , Larsen A. , Sørensen H. Ø. , Grønbech B. , Bertelsen L. R. , Valentin J. B. , Mainz J. , Johnsen S. P. , Hannibal N. , MacDonald R.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Insomnia in depression is common and difficult to resolve. Music is commonly used as a sleep aid, and clinical trials pointing to positive effects of music as a sleep aid are increasing adding to the evidence base. There is little knowledge on the effectiveness of music for depression related insomnia.

Objectives

A recent RCT study conducted in psychiatry at Aalborg University Hospital examined effects of a music intervention for insomnia in depression. The intervention group listened to music at bedtime for four weeks, controls were offered music intervention post-test. Primary outcome measure was Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Secondary outcomes included Actigraphy, The Hamilton depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and World Health Organisation well-being questionnaires (WHO-5, WHOQOL-BREF).

Methods

A two-armed randomized controlled trial (n=112) and a qualitative interview study (n=4)

Results

The RCT study showed signficant improvements for the music intervention group in sleep quality and quality of life at four weeks according to global PSQI scores (effect size= -2.1, 95%CI -3.3; -0.9) and WHO-5 scores (effect size 8.4, 95%CI 2.7; 14.0). Actigraphy measures showed no changes and changes in depression symptoms (HAMD-17) were not detected.

The interview study unfolded examples of the influences of music on sleep and relaxation. Music distracted, affected mood and arousal positively and supported formation of sleep habits.

Results from the trial are discussed and merged with findings from the interview study. The results from the trial suggested moderate effects of music listening for the population while findings from the interview study showed examples of individual and highly varying outcomes.

Conclusions

Music is suggested as a low-cost, side-effect free and safe intervention in supplement to existing treatments improving sleep in depression.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
A Case Report of Low-Dose Steroid Induced Psychosis in an Older Adult with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Edokobi N. , Sreevalsam Anil S. , Wells J.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is typically known for its intra-articular manifestations in the joints, and steroids are considered one of the first-line medications for it. Steroids are known for neuropsychiatric manifestations, but it is rarely reported in low-dose steroids.

Objectives

We describe a case of psychosis in an older adult with RA precipitated by low-dose prednisone with no past history of neuropsychiatric symptoms from steroids in the past five years.

Methods

Miss X is a 63-year-old female with past history of RA, major depressive disorder, hypothyroidism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hypertension, presented with one-week history of irritable mood, increased psychomotor agitation, decreased need for sleep and appetite, and delusions of grandeur and persecution. Her depression had been treated with oral duloxetine 60mg twice daily, oral buspirone 10mg at night, and oral trazodone 150mg at night. She did have a urinary tract infection a week prior, but the psychotic symptoms persisted with antibiotic treatment. Miss X had also been on a monthly taper regimen of low-dose oral prednisone for RA (from 15mg to 5mg) for the past three months and had completed the regimen one week ago. On mental status examination, she was alert and oriented to time, place, and person. Her mood was irritable with lability. She demonstrated tangential speech along with persecutory and grandiose delusions. Attention and concentration was normal with intact immediate and remote memory and impaired recent memory. Abstract ability, judgment, and insight were impaired. Physical examination and vital signs were within normal limits. Laboratory investigations of complete blood count, urine analysis, urine drug screen, thyroid function panel, renal function panel, hepatic function panel, serum sodium, potassium, calcium, thiamine, vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin D did not show any significant abnormalities.

Results

Miss X was admitted to the inpatient psychiatric unit with the diagnosis of medication-induced psychotic disorder, with onset after medication use as per The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition- Text Revision. Oral olanzapine 10mg at night and oral lithium 300mg twice daily was started along with her home medications of oral duloxetine 60 mg twice daily and oral trazodone 150mg at night. During hospital stay, oral olanzapine was gradually increased to 15mg in the night but had to be reduced back to 10mg in the night due to sedation. Miss X’s symptoms improved during hospital stay and she was discharged on the 13th day of hospitalization with the same psychotropic medication regimen.

Conclusions

Our case demonstrates the need for caution in prescribing steroids in older adults as it can precipitate neuropsychiatric symptoms even with a change in use or after withdrawal of steroids.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Clinical correlates of stress, immune and metabolic markers in major depression
Authors: Soria V.
Published: August 2023

The hormonal mediators of the stress response, such as glucocorticoids and catecholamines, have both protective and damaging effects on the body. In the short term, they are essential for adaptation, maintenance of homeostasis, and survival; but chronic exposure to stress or abnormalities in the modulation of the stress response can become maladaptive, leading to a broad range of physical and mental problems.

Allostatic load refers to the activation of physiological regulatory systems in response to stress and “the cost” of the effects of these systems on the body. Results from isolated biomarkers and allostatic load measures based on the stress response system (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system and immuno-metabolic biomarkers) and its relationships with clinical outcomes, such as cognition, in a clinical sample of major depression patients will be presented. The usefulness and relevance in the clinical practice of those biomarkers and the allostatic load concept will be discussed. The integration of several biomarkers translating the biological and psychological impact of stress on depression development and its clinical trajectories could contribute toward understanding how to prevent and improve outcomes in major depression.

Disclosure of Interest

V. Soria Grant / Research support from: Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute
Mental Health during fatherhoood. Biopsychosocial aspects and questionnaire for depression PHQ9
Authors: Solis Correa M. O. , Alvarado Dafonte A. , Vilchez Español F.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Both women and men experience potentially stressful events during their reproductive periods and both are at risk of developing peripartum depression. Men have a reproductive period that is difficult to define, and research on their mental health has rarely considered the effects of paternity. A prevalence of postpartum depressive symptomatology of 10.4% has been described worldwide (Paulson J et al. 2010). Paternal depression is also a risk factor for peripartum maternal depression (Escribá et al, 2011; Paulson et al., 2016). Among the risk factors for developing postpartum depression in men are identified: personal history of depression, conflictive relationship, lack of family and social support, unemployment, older age, lower educational level, and the father’s ability to support his new role as a father (Morse et al., 2000).

Objectives

Screening to investigate and identify early objective biomarkers in recent fathers of early depression.

Methods

An anonymous survey is carried out through GoogleForms, to 57 men, fathers, with children born alive under 1 year of age, which includes biopsychosocial aspects and a questionnaire for depression: PHQ9.

Results

Of the total of 57 parents, the average age is 36 years. 4 of them are unemployed, 1 is a student, the rest have active work or parent´s licency. Only 10% refer to present economic problems. 36% reported that their partner had a risky pregnancy and 22% had a peripartum complication. 9% describe an unsatisfactory or very unsatisfactory relationship with the mother of their child(ren). 51% have a personal and/or family history of depression and/or anxiety. 57% are overwhelmed in their role as fathers. 33% feel they have little or no social/emotional support. 5% have increased the consumption of alcohol/psychotropic medication and 94% report that their sleep pattern has been affected. 3.5% refer self-injurious thoughts or that they would be better off dead. 14% have considered requesting/consulting with a psychiatrist/psychologist since the arrival of the baby.

In relation to PHQ 9, 5% present moderate/severe depression.

Conclusions

In conclusion, it seems relevant to think about a screening to investigate and identify early objective biomarkers and rapid intervention, not only in mothers but also in fathers and thus take a first step to broaden the view from the mother-child dyad to the triad, thus understanding that mental health does not exist in isolation, it is a contextual and relational phenomenon and also reduce the negative impact of this problem, such as: dysfunction and family well-being, marital satisfaction, growth and development of your child/ren . In this context, primary care health professionals (midwives and primary care doctors) could play a fundamental role in recognizing the importance of incorporating parents as relevant figures in health .

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The influence of problem drinking persons on the quality of life of their surroundings depending on gender and age
Authors: Kuzminov V. , Linskiy I. , Zadorozhny V. , Lakinskiy R. , Tkachenko T. , Minko O.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The social consequences of alcohol affect not only drinkers, but also the people communicate with him. They are including: mental health, quality of life, health, living conditions and needs in using health system resources.

Objectives

1,531 people were examined, who belonged to three qualitatively different comparison groups: patients with alcohol addiction (329 people); healthy relatives of patients with alcohol addiction (238 persons) and representatives of the general population (964 persons).

Methods

clinical, clinical and psychopathological, methods of quantified scales and mathematical statistics.

Results

The data obtained indicate that the majority of respondents who caused some harm to the respondents were men. But the level of harm of alcohol abuse of women was significantly higher. Alcohol abuse problems of microsocial environment (substance abuse, employment, financial problems, and health effects) had a more significant effect on depressive disorders in the control group than in the alcohol addiction group and their relatives. Significant correlation of depressive disorders due to the drunkenness of others was associated with fear for children, the possibility of aggression. Depressive disorders in the group relatives of patients with alcohol addiction correlated with aggression towards them with patients with alcohol addiction or persons in a state of alcohol intoxication, discomfort due to being with their relatives in public, at parties, inability to control alcohol use. It was shown that the presence of drinkers in the company of women significantly increases the specific weight of people with depressive disorders among them, while such an effect was not found among male respondents. It has been established that in the case of the presence of drinkers in the environment, the expressiveness of such manifestations of depression as insomnia increases the most in women; weight loss, sexual disorders; suicidal tendencies and feelings of guilt. The influence of presence of drinkers in the environment of children on tfrequency of manifestations of their discomfort is described. It has been confirmed that the most frequent cause of children’s ill health is their drinking parents, as well as other (besides parents and siblings) drinking relatives. It was found that in healthy respondents, the unfavorable features of the behavior of relatives and close drinkers are always directly correlated with indicators of the ill health of children in their environment, while in respondents addicted to alcohol, these correlations have a complex, mosaic nature.

Conclusions

The study found the prevalence of depressive disorders in the microsocial environment of drinkers. A significant decrease in the quality of life was noted primarily in children and women who had drinking relatives with a large number of drunk days.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Maternal autoimmune diseases and mental disorders in children and adolescents
Authors: Elmaataoui Z. , Belhadga H. , Kisra H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The influence of maternal autoimmunity mediators on child development and brain function has been the subject of several studies. Clinically, most have focused on the association between maternal autoimmunity and the diagnosis of autism in children. On the other hand, data are rarer concerning the rest of the mental disorders and mainly, they are obtained from small cohorts.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to discuss the association between the presence of autoimmune pathology in the mother and the development of mental disorders in the child

Methods

we conducted our study through a descriptive study of six clinical cases.

Results

80 % the patients treated were male

57% had a characterized depressive disorder

34% had ADHD

9 % had ASD

Conclusions

Maternal autoimmune diseases were associated with increased mental disorders in children. These results suggest a possible shared genetic vulnerability between the two conditions or a potential role of maternal immune activation in the expression of neurodevelopmental disorders in children.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Associations between psychosocial factors and work ability in a Tunisian electricity and gas company
Authors: Rmadi N. , Kammoun N. , Hrairi A. , Kotti N. , Masmoudi R. , Jmal Hammami K. , Masmoudi M. L. , Masmoudi J. , Hajjaji M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Work ability can be influenced by numerous factors, particularly psychosocial ones. These latter can be individual psychosocial factors but also psychosocial factors at the workplace.

Objectives

This study aimed to explore psychosocial determinants of work ability among workers in a Tunisian electricity and gas company.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 83 male workers in a Tunisian electricity and gas company. We used a self-administered questionnaire that included socio-demographic profile, psychosocial factors assessment through the Job content questionnaire (JCQ) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS software. We used the student’s test to compare means between two groups.

Results

The mean WAI score among workers in the studied electricity and gas company was 8.96 (SD=1.37). At the time of the survey, one person out of 3 among the participants suffered from a psychological distress (37.3% with a GHQ-12 score ≥ 3). These Workers had a weaker work ability compared to those with not (p=0.033). We found also that having low social support and passive jobs were associated with low work ability (p=0.003 and p=0.005 respectively).

Conclusions

Most personal and occupational psychosocial factors had significant associations with WAI in the studied company. Thus, enhancing the psychosocial environment in the workplace can promote work ability in such occupations.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
How co-production helped to facilitate the development and implementation of the New Forest Parenting Programme in Denmark
Authors: Lange A.-M.
Published: August 2023

Evidence-based parent training is a widely recommended in the treatment of ADHD. However, most studies have not tested parent training with clinically referred children and practising clinicians in real-life clinical settings. In this presentation I will present findings from a randomised controlled trial funded by TrygFonden that evaluated the implementation of NFPP in hospital based child psychiatry clinics in the Denmark. The presentation will focus on the many implementation challenges that arose in translating a behavioural intervention from English into Danish. These include cultural adaptations and changes to mode of delivery that were required to ensure Danish parents would be able to engage with and access the intervention. Changes and adaptations were deeply informed by co-production with Danish parents and health care providers to ensure the successful development of NFPP in Denmark, appropriate evaluation, and widespread implementation within secondary care services in Denmark. The presentation will conclude with some preliminary findings from a second study funded by Trygfonden which is seeking to explore barriers to implementation of NFPP within Danish community based child and family services. Again, co-production has been invaluable in guiding the development of NFPP within Danish community care services. Identifying and overcoming barriers in implementation through co-production are essential parts of research needed to close the gap between intervention research and clinical practice

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Personal and situational determinants of perception of important life events
Authors: Umlauft V.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The present time is characterized by the instability of society, the authoritarian state, social insecurity, and the events of the global pandemic. One of the main properties of modernity is the continuous nature of the social changes taking place in it. Social uncertainty, instability and social insecurity complicate the usual strategy for constructing ideas about the world around us. In connection with certain factors, events in a person’s life can be defined as significant.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to ckeck the fact that important life events are something associated with stress and have a negative emotional connotation.

Methods

The methodological basis of the research was the qualitative study: semi-structured interviews, including projective techniques (case and content analysis) were carried out. N = 50 residents of Russia and Austria, age 16-65.

Results

The hypothesis about important life events was completely confirmed. It turned out that important life events were described by the respondents mainly as negative, that is, in most cases (more than 70% of the total number of answers), important events were associated as something associated with stress, having a negative emotional connotation. It is interesting that mentions of joyful and happy events were much less frequent than negative ones, while there were practically no descriptions of the experience of vivid emotions accompanying any long-awaited events. At the same time, important events are quite extensively associated with stress and critical emotional experiences, often with mental problems: “shock”, “crisis”, “debts”, “severe depression”, “complete collapse”, “everything goes to hell”.

Conclusions

Important life events for a person are rather negatively assessed events, as well as events associated with stress, rather than positively assessed events.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The impact of cannabis legalization for recreational purposes: The Canadian experience
Authors: Le Foll B.
Published: August 2023

Cannabis Legalization for Recreational Purposes took place in Canada in October 2018. One of the federal government’s stated goals with this legalization was to protect Canadian youth from cannabis-related harms. The Canadian model differs from other jurisdictions that legalized recreational cannabis use, especially with regard to a higher degree of government regulation of the cannabis market. Another difference is the development and endorsement of lower-risk cannabis use guidelines to educate the public and health professionals. Here, we will present the changes in the regulation of the Canadian cannabis market. We will also present some changes in the epidemiology and parameters of cannabis use (modes of use, potency of cannabis) among adults and youths. Although it is clear that prevalence of use has increased in some groups (notably older adults), results for youth are mixed, with the majority of studies showing no pronounced increase. A trend of a decrease in youth cannabis use seen pre-legalization may have reversed. Data about changes in the age of initiation, the influence of legalization on sex and gender, and race/ ethnicity are limited, with evidence suggesting that the age of initiation slightly increased and the prevalence of use has become more similar between females and males. The development and utility of the lower-risk cannabis use guidelines will be also presented.

Disclosure of Interest

B. Le Foll Grant / Research support from: . Dr. Le Foll has in-kind donations of cannabis products from Aurora Cannabis Enterprises Inc. . Dr. Le Foll has obtained industry funding from Canopy Growth Corporation (through research grants handled by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and the University of Toronto)
Bariatric surgery as a risk factor for alcohol use disorder: a clinical case and literature review
Authors: Paupério J. M. , Martins F. S. , Peixoto M. J. , Mota M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Bariatric surgery is a relatively safe surgical procedure with high success rates. The improvement on patient’s self-esteem and overall quality of life are expected benefits that extend beyond physical health. Nonetheless, current literature describes a higher risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD) in patients undergoing bariatric surgery that is not better explained by differences in baseline characteristics such as socioeconomic factors. This reinforces the need to optimize mental health professionals’ intervention in these patients.

Objectives

Report a clinical case and conduct a literature review on the etiology of the increased risk of alcohol use disorder in patients after bariatric surgery.

Methods

Description of a clinical case and a non-systematic review of literature on the PubMed database, selecting articles published in the last decade and their included reference lists, combining the following MESH terms: “bariatric surgery” and “abuse, alcohol”.

Results

The clinical case presented is a 45 years old woman, with a college degree, that was diagnosed with AUD in 2020, 6 years after being submitted to bariatric surgery. She didn’t have any alcohol-related problems before the procedure but she describes the death of her mother in 2020 as the trigger for her current heavy drinking habits. Injuries induced by alcohol intoxication have since then caused multiple visits to the emergency room and she has now a reported cognitive impairment that severely compromises her ability for self-care. The association between AUD and bariatric surgery, as presented in the reported clinical case, is well established in current literature. The switch of patient’s coping mechanisms from eating to drinking, surgical-induced alcohol pharmacokinetics changes or adaptations of neuroendocrine mechanisms (such as ghrelin and it’s impact on the mesolimbic dopamine system) that contribute to the augmentation of brain reward signaling are all factors that could play a role in the increased reinforcing value of alcohol in these patients. Psychosocial factors were also identified as variables that could impact alcohol-misuse post-operatively. Furthermore, data suggests differences between surgical procedures: while both Roux-en-Y-Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) dramatically impact alcohol pharmacokinetics, Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB) does not.

Conclusions

There is a strong possibility that the patient’s drinking habits started as a coping mechanism, but her surgery may have also contributed to her AUD. Our review found multiple biopsychosocial factors that could explain the link between bariatric surgery and AUD and some predictors for its development, but future research is needed to fully elucidate its complexities. Nonetheless, health professionals must be well informed for thetimely prevention, diagnosis and treatment of eventual AUD in these patients.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared