bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of modern 2-D and 3-D seismic-reflection techniques for uranium exploration in the Athabasca BasinThis article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the themeLithoprobe — parameters, processes, and the evolution of a continent.
Authors: Hajnal Z. , White D. J. , Takacs E. , Gyorfi I. , Annesley I. R. , Wood G. , O’Dowd C. , Nimeck G.
Published: June 2010

Seismic-reflection techniques have been applied in several studies over the last 20 years as a uranium-exploration tool within the Athabasca Basin and have been utilized to provide the larger structural context for known uranium deposits within the basin. At the crustal scale, deposits within the eastern Athabasca Basin are shown to be associated with deep-seated shear zones that originated during Trans-Hudson orogeny and have subsequently been reactivated during and subsequent to deposition of the basin-fill sandstones. Seismic properties of the Athabasca sandstones and underlying basement have been determined through in situ borehole measurements. Reflectivity within the sandstones is generally weak. Seismically recognizable signatures are primarily associated with variations in fracture density, porosity, and degree of silicification. The basement unconformity and regolith, a prime target of exploration, is widely imaged as it is characterized by variable but generally distinct reflectivity. Results from the McArthur River mine site suggest that the spatial coincidence of seismically imaged high-velocity zones and deep-seated faults that offset the unconformity may be a more broadly applicable exploration targeting tool. Three-dimensional (3-D) seismic imaging near existing ore zones can define the local structural controls on the mineralization and point the way to new targets, thus leading to more efficient exploration drilling programs. Furthermore, seismically generated structural maps of the unconformity and rock competence properties may play a significant role at the outset of mine planning.
SELF-CONSISTENT THEORY OF ANDERSON LOCALIZATION: GENERAL FORMALISM AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Wölfle P. , Vollhardt D.
Published: June 2010

The self-consistent theory of Anderson localization of quantum particles or classical waves in disordered media is reviewed. After presenting the basic concepts of the theory of Anderson localization in the case of electrons in disordered solids, the regimes of weak and strong localization are discussed. Then the scaling theory of the Anderson localization transition is reviewed. The renormalization group theory is introduced and results and consequences are presented. It is shown how scale-dependent terms in the renormalized perturbation theory of the inverse diffusion coefficient lead in a natural way to a self-consistent equation for the diffusion coefficient. The latter accounts quantitatively for the static and dynamic transport properties except for a region near the critical point. Several recent applications and extensions of the self-consistent theory, in particular for classical waves, are discussed.
FROM ANDERSON LOCALIZATION TO MESOSCOPIC PHYSICS
Authors: Büttiker Markus , Moskalets Michael
Published: June 2010

In the late seventies an increasing interest in the scaling theory of Anderson localization led to new efforts to understand the conductance of systems which scatter electrons elastically. The conductance and its relation to the scattering matrix emerged as an important subject. This, coupled with the desire to find explicit manifestations of single electron interference, led to the emergence of mesoscopic physics. We review electron transport phenomena which can be expressed elegantly in terms of the scattering matrix. Of particular interest are phenomena which depend not only on transmission probabilities but on both amplitude and phase of scattering matrix elements.
ANDERSON LOCALIZATION AND SUPERSYMMETRY
Authors: Efetov K. B.
Published: June 2010

The supersymmetry method for study of disordered systems is shortly reviewed. The discussion starts with a historical introduction followed by an explanation of the idea of using Grassmann anticommuting variables for investigating disordered metals. After that the nonlinear supermatrix σ-model is derived. Solution of several problems obtained with the help of the σ-model is presented. This includes the problem of the level statistics in small metal grains, localization in wires and films, and Anderson metal–insulator transition. Calculational schemes developed for studying these problems form the basis of subsequent applications of the supersymmetry approach.
THE LOCALIZATION TRANSITION AT FINITE TEMPERATURES: ELECTRIC AND THERMAL TRANSPORT
Authors: Imry Yoseph , Amir Ariel
Published: June 2010

The Anderson localization transition is considered at finite temperatures. This includes the electrical conductivity as well as the electronic thermal conductivity and the thermoelectric coefficients. An interesting critical behavior of the latter is found. A method for characterizing the conductivity critical exponent, an important signature of the transition, using the conductivity and thermopower measurements, is outlined.
DISORDERED ELECTRON LIQUID WITH INTERACTIONS
Authors: Finkel'stein Alexander M.
Published: June 2010

The metal–insulator transition (MIT) observed in a two-dimensional dilute electron liquid raises the question about the applicability of the scaling theory of disordered electrons, the approach pioneered by Phil Anderson and his collaborators,8 for the description of this transition. In this context, we review here the scaling theory of disordered electrons with electron–electron interactions. We start with the disordered Fermi liquid, and show how to adjust the microscopic Fermi-liquid theory to the presence of disorder. Then we describe the non-linear sigma model (NLSM) with interactions. This model has a direct relation with the disordered Fermi liquid, but can be more generally applicable, since it is a minimal model for disordered interacting electrons. The discussion is mostly about the general structure of the theory emphasizing the connection of the scaling parameters entering the NLSM with conservation laws. Next, we show that the MIT, as described by the NLSM with interactions, is a quantum phase transition and identify the parameters needed for the description of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the interacting liquid in the critical region of the transition. Finally, we discuss the MIT observed in Si -MOSFETs. We consider it as an example of the Anderson transition in the presence of the electron interactions. We demonstrate that the two-parameter RG equations, which treat disorder in the one-loop approximation but incorporate the full dependence on the interaction amplitudes, describe accurately the experimental data in Si -MOSFETs including the observed non-monotonic behavior of the resistance and its strong drop at low temperatures. The fact that this drop can be reproduced theoretically, together with the argument that Anderson localization should occur at strong disorder, justified the existence of the MIT within the scaling theory.
SPECKLE STATISTICS IN THE PHOTON LOCALIZATION TRANSITION
Authors: Genack Azriel Z. , Wang Jing
Published: June 2010

We review the statistics of speckle in the Anderson localization transition for classical waves. Probability distributions of local and integrated transmission and of the evolution of the structure of the speckle pattern are related to their corresponding correlation functions. Steady state and pulse transport can be described in terms of modes whose speckle patterns are obtained by decomposing the frequency variation of the transmitted field. At the same time, transmission can be purposefully manipulated by adjusting the incident field and the eigenchannels of the transmission matrix can be found by analyzing sets of speckle patterns for different inputs. The many aspects of steady state propagation are reflected in diverse, but simply related, parameters so that a single localization parameter encapsulates the character of transport on both sides of the divide separating localized from diffusive waves.
WEAK LOCALIZATION AND ELECTRON–ELECTRON INTERACTION EFFECTS IN THIN METAL WIRES AND FILMS
Authors: Giordano N.
Published: June 2010

A brief and selective review of experimental studies of electrical conduction in thin metal wires and films at low temperatures is given. This review will illustrate the importance of various length scales and of dimensionality in determining the properties disordered metals. A few intriguing and still unresolved experimental findings are also mentioned.
LOCALIZATION AND THE METAL–INSULATOR TRANSITION — EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Dynes R. C.
Published: June 2010

This article describes a series of experiments, mostly performed by the author and his collaborators over a period of 15 years, attempting to understand with the increase of disorder, the evolution from a Fermi liquid, to a state of localized electrons. During this period we relied heavily on theoretical advances, and the experiments were designed to test those theoretical models and challenge them in the regime of a highly correlated system. Experimentally, we were able to continuously tune through this regime into the insulating state and this allows measurements all the way from weak localization in two dimensions to strong localization and the insulating state. My efforts were focused mainly on electron transport and tunneling and will be described in this article. For this author, the work of my colleagues (and myself) during this period changed the way I think about electron transport.
Analytical Chemistry of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Hetrick Evan M. , Schoenfisch Mark H.
Published: June 2010

Nitric oxide (NO) is the focus of intense research primarily because of its wide-ranging biological and physiological actions. To understand its origin, activity, and regulation, accurate and precise measurement techniques are needed. Unfortunately, analytical assays for monitoring NO are challenged by NO's unique chemical and physical properties, including its reactivity, rapid diffusion, and short half-life. Moreover, NO concentrations may span the picomolar-to-micromolar range in physiological milieus, requiring techniques with wide dynamic response ranges. Despite such challenges, many analytical techniques have emerged for the detection of NO. Herein, we review the most common spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, with a focus on the underlying mechanism of each technique and on approaches that have been coupled with modern analytical measurement tools to create novel NO sensors.
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence
Authors: Forster Robert J. , Bertoncello Paolo , Keyes Tia E.
Published: June 2010

In electrogenerated chemiluminescence, also known as electrochemiluminescence (ECL), electrochemically generated intermediates undergo a highly exergonic reaction to produce an electronically excited state that then emits light. These electron-transfer reactions are sufficiently exergonic to allow the excited states of luminophores, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metal complexes, to be created without photoexcitation. For example, oxidation of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ in the presence of tripropylamine results in light emission that is analogous to the emission produced by photoexcitation. This review highlights some of the most exciting recent developments in this field, including novel ECL-generating transition metal complexes, especially ruthenium and osmium polypyridine systems; ECL-generating monolayers and thin films; the use of nanomaterials; and analytical, especially clinical, applications.
Nanoparticle PEBBLE Sensors in Live Cells and In Vivo
Authors: Koo Lee Yong-Eun , Smith Ron , Kopelman Raoul
Published: June 2010

Nanoparticle sensors have been developed for real-time imaging and dynamic monitoring, both in live cells and in vivo, of molecular and ionic components, constructs, forces, and dynamics observed during biological, chemical, and physical processes. With their biocompatible small size and inert matrix, nanoparticle sensors have been successfully applied to noninvasive real-time measurements of analytes and fields in cells and in rodents, with spatial, temporal, physical, and chemical resolution. This review describes the diverse designs of nanoparticle sensors for ions and small molecules, physical fields, and biological features, as well as the characterization, properties, and applications of these nanosensors to in vitro and in vivo measurements. Their floating as well as localization abilities in biological media are captured by the acronym PEBBLE: photonic explorer for bioanalysis with biologically localized embedding.
Liver Abscess after Common Hepatic Artery Embolization for Delayed Hemorrhage Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Case Report
Authors: Sanada Yuichi , Kondo Hiroki , Goshima Satoshi , Kanematsu Masayuki , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Tokuyama Yasuharu , Osada Shinji , Yoshida Kazuhiro
Published: June 2010

A 55-year-old man underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for bile duct carcinoma in March 2009. The patient developed anastomotic leakage and had a short episode of hemorrhage from the drainage tubes with spontaneous disappearance. CT and upper endoscopy did not reveal the source of bleeding. A massive life-threatening hemorrhage occurred on the 18th postsurgical day. Emergency angiography showed a 2.7-cm pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery stump, and hepatic artery embolization was performed. After embolization, an abscess appeared in segments 2/3 of the liver without involving the right lobe. We treated conservatively by drainage and antibiotics. During the course of therapy after embolization, the patient experienced several episodes of high fever but did not develop hepatic failure. On the 68th day after embolization, the abscess had penetrated to the lesser sac, which was immediately treated by percutaneous drainage. Anastomotic leakage was treated by continuous irrigation from the drain, for which complete resolution was achieved by the 34th day after embolization. The patient was discharged 101 days after embolization. Imaging and the clinical course demonstrate a unique mechanism of abscess formation after embolization.
Ultrasonography and 3D-CT Follow-Up of Extrahepatic Portal Vein Aneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Yukawa Norio , Takahashi Makoto , Sasaki Kazuyoshi , Mori Takuma , Matsuo Ayumi , Ito Kuniyasu , Kirikoshi Hiroyuki , Ohya Kiyoshi , Wada Nobuyuki , Rino Yasushi , Masuda Munetaka
Published: June 2010

Extrahepatic portal vein aneurysm is a rare disorder. From 1956 to 2008, we found only 43 published English-language reports, including 67 cases, using Pub Med. We report a case of a 77-year-old woman who had complaints of lower abdominal fullness and residual urine. We performed ultrasonography (US), which demonstrated a congenital extrahepatic portal vein aneurysm. She had no obvious symptoms of the extrahepatic portal vein aneurysm. She had undergone gastrectomy without blood transfusion for gastric ulcer more than 20 years ago. Physical examination revealed no abnormal findings. US revealed a2.2×1.8 cm, round shaped hypoechogenic lesion at the hepatic hilum. Color Doppler US showed bidirectional colors due to circular flow within this lesion. 3D-CT and CT angiography demonstrated that the saccular aneurysm at the hepatic hilum was 3.0 cm in diameter and was enhanced equal to that of portal vein.Twenty-six months after the diagnosis, the aneurysm had not grown in size. Since our patient had no serious complaints or liver disease, surgical procedures had not been employed. US and 3D-CT are noninvasive diagnostic techniques and are helpful in the diagnosis and follow-up of extrahepatic portal vein aneurysms.
Preparation and Characterization of Self‐Assembled Nanoparticles of Hyaluronic Acid‐Deoxycholic Acid Conjugates
Authors: Dong Xuemeng , Liu Chenguang
Published: June 2010

Novel amphiphilic biopolymers were synthesized using hyaluronic acid (HA) as a hydrophilic segment and deoxycholic acid (DOCA) as a hydrophobic segment by a 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide mediated coupling reaction. The structural characteristics of the HA‐DOCA conjugates were investigated using  1H NMR. Self‐assembled nanoparticles were prepared based on HA‐DOCA conjugates, and its characteristics were investigated using dynamic laser light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The mean diameter was about 293.5 nm with unimodal size distribution in distilled water. The TEM images revealed that the shape of HA‐DOCA self‐aggregates was spherical. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) was in the range of 0.025–0.056 mg/mL. The partition equilibrium constant (Kv) of pyrene in self‐aggregates solution was from 1.45 × 104 to 3.64 × 104. The aggregation number of DOCA groups per hydrophobic microdomain, estimated by the fluorescence quenching method using cetylpyridinium chloride, increased with increasing degree of substitution.
Lhermitte's Sign Developing after IMRT for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Lim Dong C. , Gagnon Patrick J. , Meranvil Sophia , Kaurin Darryl , Lipp Linda , Holland John M.
Published: June 2010

Background. Lhermitte's sign (LS) is a benign form of myelopathy with neck flexion producing an unpleasant electric-shock sensation radiating down the extremities. Although rare, it can occur after head and neck radiotherapy.Results. We report a case of Lhermitte's developing after curative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for a patient with locoregionally advanced oropharyngeal cancer. IMRT delivers a conformal dose of radiation in head and neck cancer resulting in a gradient of radiation dose throughout the spinal cord. Using IMRT, more dose is delivered to the anterior spinal cord than the posterior cord.Conclusions. Lhermitte's sign can develop after IMRT for head and neck cancer. We propose an anterior spinal cord structure, the spinothalamic tract to be the target of IMRT-caused LS.
Central Sleep Apnea in Patients due to Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Prinz Christian , Bitter Thomas , Oldenburg Olaf , Faber Lothar , Horstkotte Dieter , Piper Cornelia
Published: June 2010

History. We report about the course of central sleep apnea (CSA) in 3 patients ( years) with severe aortic stenosis (AS) ( cm2, NYHA ).Investigations. Every patient received echocardiography, left/right-heart catheterization, and cardiorespiratory polygraphy before and 6 months after surgical aortic valve replacement (without right-heart catheterization during follow up).Course. Preoperatively all patients demonstrated reduced systolic left ventricular function (EF ). They had elevated pulmoraryarterialy pressures and severe CSA. After valve replacement left ventricular function and exercise capacity improved, as well as the severity of CSA.Conclusion. Patients with severe AS can develop CSA, which seems to improve after surgery. Patients with severe AS should be screened for CSA, because CSA might be an additional risk factor and hint that myocardial adaptation is exhausting.
A Distributional Difference-in-Difference Evaluation of the Response of School Expenditures to Reforms and Tax Limits
Authors: McMillen Daniel P. , Singell Jr. Larry D.
Published: June 2010

Prior work uses a parametric approach to study the distributional effects of school finance reform and finds evidence that reform yields greater equality of school expenditures by lowering spending in high-spending districts (leveling down) or increasing spending in low-spending districts (leveling up). We develop a kernel density difference-in-difference approach to isolate how tax limits and/or education finance reform affect the full distribution of education expenditures. Simulations of the difference in distributional differences across school finance regimes over time suggest that parametric approaches offer an incomplete description of the distributional impacts of policy changes. Using data for the population of U.S. school districts in 1972, 1982, and 1992, we find that educational reforms and tax limits yield greater equality of expenditures by reducing the number of districts in the tails of the distribution, particularly when both are adopted during the same decade. Our results also suggest that the incompleteness of the parametric descriptions used in prior work can suggest greater variation in the distributional consequences of reform than is actually present.
Education Inspectorate Systems in New Zealand and the Netherlands
Authors: Ladd Helen F.
Published: June 2010

The United States is an outlier with respect to its heavy emphasis on student test scores for the purposes of school accountability. Many other countries instead use school inspection systems that pay more attention to a school's internal processes and practices. This policy note focuses on the school inspection systems of New Zealand and the Netherlands, with the goal of drawing lessons for the United States. It addresses three main policy issues: For what should individual schools be held accountable? Should inspectors be more like coaches or more like judges? And how independent should they be of policy-making bodies?
Photoreduction of Graphene Oxide Nanosheet by UV-light Illumination under H2
Authors: Matsumoto Yasumichi , Morita Masato , Kim Su Yeon , Watanabe Yusuke , Koinuma Michio , Ida Shintaro
Published: June 2010

We have developed a new photoreduction process at room temperature for the graphene oxide nanosheet in order to increase its electrical conductivity, by illumination with UV light under H2. This process will be useful for photopatterning conductive areas on insulator graphene oxide.
Classroom Games: A Market for Lemons
Authors: Holt Charles A , Sherman Roger
Published: June 2010

The incentives that arise in markets with asymmetric information are illustrated in the classroom exercise presented here. Student sellers choose both a quality ‘grade’ and a price for their products. Initially, both prices and grades for all sellers are posted, and buyers select from these offerings. In this full-information setup, the market prices and grades quickly reach efficient levels that maximize total surplus. Next, although sellers continue to choose grades and prices, only prices (not grades) are posted for buyers to see when they shop. The grades and prices then fall to inefficiently low levels. The observed market outcomes in this exercise can stimulate useful discussion of asymmetric information, market failure, and remedies such as quality standards and warranties.
Changes in Business Cycles: Evidence and Explanations
Authors: Romer Christina D
Published: June 2010

This paper shows that the volatility of annual real macroeconomic indicators for the United States and the average severity of recessions have declined only slightly between the pre-World War I and post-World War II eras. Recessions have, however, become somewhat less frequent and more uniform. It argues that the advent of macroeconomic policy after World War II can account for both the observed continuity and change. Countercyclical monetary policy and automatic stabilizers have prolonged postwar expansions and prevented severe depressions. At the same time, policy-induced booms and recessions have led to continued volatility of the postwar economy.
The Social Experiment Market
Authors: Greenberg David , Shroder Mark , Onstott Matthew
Published: June 2010

In social experiments, individuals, households, or organizations are randomly assigned to two or more policy interventions. Elsewhere, we have summarized 143 experiments completed by autumn 1996. Here, we use the information we have gathered on these experiments and findings from informal telephone interviews to investigate the social experiment market--the buyers and sellers in the market that governs the production of experiments. We discuss target populations, types of interventions tested, trends in design, funding sources, industry concentration, the role of economists in social experimentation, the reasons few social experiments have been conducted outside the United States, and the future of the social experiment market.
On the Complexities of Complex Economic Dynamics
Authors: Rosser J. Barkley
Published: June 2010

Complex economic nonlinear dynamics endogenously do not converge to a point, a limit cycle, or an explosion. Their study developed out of earlier studies of cybernetic, catastrophic, and chaotic systems. Complexity analysis stresses interactions among dispersed agents without a global controller, tangled hierarchies, adaptive learning, evolution, and novelty, and out-of-equilibrium dynamics. Complexity methods include interacting particle systems, self-organized criticality, and evolutionary game theory, to simulate artificial stock markets and other phenomena. Theoretically, bounded rationality replaces rational expectations. Complexity theory influences empirical methods and restructures policy debates.
Discounting Inside the Washington D.C. Beltway
Authors: Bazelon Coleman , Smetters Kent
Published: June 2010

This article focuses on how the choice of discount rate can dramatically affect policy choices. These policies include whether to build a bridge, whether to privatize a Power Marketing Administration which sells electricity generated by government-owned facilities such as dams, how much money should be spent on early-childhood education, or options for reforming Social Security. The ongoing challenge is to discount future costs or benefits in a way that matches the project's level of riskiness. We begin by discussing the underlying issues in choosing an appropriate discount rate. We then discuss the variety of different discount rates that are actually used by various Washington policymakers and the biases they often generate.
How Effective are Capital Controls?
Authors: Edwards Sebastian
Published: June 2010

A number of authors have recently argued that, in order to avoid financial instability, emerging countries should rely on capital controls. Two type of controls have been considered: controls on capital outflows, and controls on capital inflows. In this paper I review the historical evidence on the effectiveness of these two type of controls. I argue that controls on outflows have been ineffective. They are circumvented and breed corruption. I also analyze Chile's recent experience with controls on inflows, and I argue that their effectiveness has been exaggerated.
Teaching Business Statistics with Microsoft Excel
Authors: Bell Peter C.
Published: June 2010

This article discusses the use of Excel in the introductory course in statistics in the business school. An attempt is made to identify how business school programs differ, and how the use of Excel to work cases or examples can contribute to a business statistics course that is in keeping with the school's and the instructor's learning objectives.
Integrating Spreadsheets into a Case-based MBA Quantitative Methods Course: Real Managers Make Real Decisions
Authors: Carraway Robert L. , Clyman Dana R.
Published: June 2010

In discussing how the availability of spreadsheet technology has impacted our required MBA quantitative analysis, we eschewed a more conventional lecture approach for the heart and soul of our teaching pedagogy—the case method. We assigned a simple case to the seminar participants, a cross-section of educators interested in spreadsheet technology and teaching, and then conducted an actual case class. The results were consistent with our experience that spreadsheet technology as an analytical or pedagogical tool is powerful and effective only the extent to which it is clearly embedded in the real world of the practicing decision maker.
A Generalized PERT/CPM Implementation in a Spreadsheet
Authors: Seal Kala C.
Published: June 2010

This paper describes the implementation of the traditional PERT/CPM algorithm for finding the critical path in a project network in a spreadsheet. The problem is of importance due to the recent shift of attention to using the spreadsheet environment as a vehicle for delivering MS/OR techniques to end-users.
Designing and Delivering a University Course—A Process (or Operations) Management Perspective
Authors: Silver Edward A.
Published: June 2010

With over 30 years of academic experience in both engineering and management faculties, involving trial and error experimentation in teaching as well as reading relevant literature and observing other instructors in action, the author has accumulated a number of ideas, regarding the preparation and delivery of a university course, that should be of interest to other instructors. This should be particularly the case for those individuals who have had little or no teaching experience (e.g. those whose graduate education was recently completed at research-oriented institutions providing little guidance with respect to teaching). A particular perspective is used to convey the ideas, namely one of viewing the preparation and delivery of a course as two major processes that should provide outputs or outcomes that are of value to a number of customers, in particular, students.
IP Modeling of Chessboard Placements and Related Puzzles
Authors: Chlond Martin J. , Toase Cath M.
Published: June 2010

A number of chessboard placement and closely related puzzles are examined and formulated as Integer Programs. These puzzles require the participant to place pieces on a board according to certain constraints and may be generalized to boards containing any number of squares, and pieces displaying properties unfamiliar in the game of chess.
OR/MS Games: 2. Towers of Hanoi
Authors: Sniedovich Moshe
Published: June 2010

In this discussion we examine the famous Towers of Hanoi puzzle from an OR/MS perspective, focusing on its educational content. We show that this puzzle provides an excellent environment for illustrating a number of fundamental OR/MS problem-solving concepts in general and dynamic programming concepts in particular. In addition to the popular “min” version of the problem, we also present an interesting but rather neglected “max” version. On-line interactive modules are included.
Stay or Switch: An Organizational Behavior and Management Science Joint Classroom Exercise
Authors: Taras Daphne Gottlieb , Grossman Thomas A.
Published: June 2010

We use a simple probabilistic decision problem as the basis for a three-hour exercise taught jointly by faculty from organizational behavior and management science. The exercise requires students to commit to a decision, and then defend their decision to other students. The problem is counter-intuitive, hence the bulk of students make an incorrect decision. This provides insight regarding irrational decision making behaviors, experiential learning of important organizational behavior topics, and an enhanced perspective on the value of analytical techniques.
Beiträge zur frühbyzantinischen Profanarchitektur aus Hadrianupolis – Blütezeit unter Kaiser Iustinian I
Authors: Lafli Ergün , Zäh Alexander
Published: June 2010

Hadrianoupolis lies on the principal western route from the Central Anatolian Plain through the mountains to Bartın and the Black Sea, 3 km west of the modern town of Eskipazar, near Karabük, in Roman Paphlagonia. It was a small but important site which controlled this major route and dominated a rich agricultural, especially vinicultural, enclave.

In 2003 the local Archaeological Museum of Ereğli began a small-scale salvage excavation of the newly discovered main church of Hadrianoupolis, known as “Early Byzantine Church B”, situated in the centre of the ancient city. Only the floor and foundation levels are preserved. The church was erected probably in the early 6th century AD and may have still been in use as late as the 7th century. The most important discoveries at Church B were the floor mosaics which show personifications of four Biblical rivers: Euphrates, Tigris, Phison and Geon. Animals, floral and geometric designs, and an extensive inscription are also represented.

In 2006 archaeological excavations were begun in Hadrianoupolis by a team from the Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, under the direction of Dr Ergün Laflı. As a result of our 2005 surveys, it has now been confirmed that Hadrianoupolis lay indeed on the site of modern Eskipazar, with finds dating from the 1st century B.C. to the 8th century A.D. It also was determined that the core of the ancient city extended as far as the modern village of Budaklar and the surrounding districts of Hacı Ahmetler, Çaylı and Eleler, along the Eskipazar-Mengen highway for 8 km east-west and 3 km north-south. The chora of Hadrianoupolis is much more extensive in size.

The field surveys in 2005 identified the remains of at least 24 buildings at the site. Among them are two bath buildings of the Late Roman period, two Early Byzantine churches, a fortified structure of the Byzantine period, a theatre (?), a vaulted building, a domed building and some domestic buildings with mosaic floors. In 2006 trenches were opened to investigate two of the best preserved of these buildings: Bath A and Early Byzantine Church A. In 2007 “Bath A”, “Bath B”, a Late Roman villa, an absidal Early Byzantine building, as well as two Roman monumental rock-cut graves, were excavated.

The 2006–2007 campaigns have established that Hadrianoupolis was a fortified regional centre during the late Roman and early Byzantine period (5th–7th centuries), when it can easily be defined as a “polis” with civic buildings and a fairly large urban population, as well as an extensive agrarian rural population. Most of the visible surface remains belong to this period.
Organization and modus operandi of the Byzantine salt monopoly
Authors: Maniatis George C.
Published: June 2010

This article analyzes the organization and functioning of the Byzantine salt monopoly. Saltworks were owned by the state, but some were also owned by monasteries and laymen. State-owned saltworks were not run as state enterprises; rather, their operations were auctioned to private individuals by competitive bidding conducted by provincial governors. Auctions of saltworks could be combined with concessions of the salt sales tax or other rights to sources of local revenue (e. g. fisheries, wharfage). Concessionaires of saltworks often were obligated to deliver salt free of charge and tax in perpetuity to influential monasteries because of long-standing local customs. The state had a fiscal, not a market monopoly on salt as the price of salt was determined by market forces. Still, topography and seasonality of production and trade could provide opportunities for exploitation of inter-spatial and intertemporal price differentials. Disaggregation of the salt market into definable producer–wholesaler, wholesaler–retailer, and retailer–consumer submarkets evinces the varying impact that market structure can have on the degree of competition and on the firms' pricing strategies.
Die Episode des Palamedes in den byzantinischen Progymnasmata
Authors: Taxidis Ilias
Published: June 2010

This article examines the passing of the Palamedes episode, a matter from the subtexts of the Epic Cycle, into Byzantine rhetoric. This scene forms the center of a topic in the Progymnasmata of three Byzantine writers, Nikolaos Sophistes, Nikephoros Basilakes and George Pachymeres, while at the same time this matter is used (with a different function) also by Constantine Manasses, in his Synopsis Chronike. The way of use and the evaluation of the episode in these texts are examined in detail. In particular, Basilakes' and Pachymeres' Progymnasmata (διηγήματα), in which the Palamedes episode is used in an autonomous way, are compared with each other, and the differences of style, syntax, grammar and vocabulary between the texts of these wo writers are determined.
Contribución al problema de la cronología y las fuentes de la Vita Basilii
Authors: Varona Patricia
Published: June 2010

One of the main trends of research on the Vita Basilii has been focused on the connections between this text and the rest of the historical work into which it was subsumed, the so-called Continuation of Theophanes. This research has significant implications for the chronology and the sources of the Vita, and for its function and meaning as well. Even if the circumstances of composition of both texts are far from being clear, and the same can be said of its authorship and most of its sources, a close examination of a set of key passages allows to throw some light on the chronology and the sources of the Vita. This passages can be found in the regnum Michaelis of the Continuation and in the Vita and refer to episodes with particular importance, as they constitute the core of the psógos of Michael III. This approach will show that the Vita Basilii can by no means be considered prior to the books I–IV of the Continuation and, therefore, will justify a reformulation of the current chronological hypothesis. In connection with the function and meaning of the Vita, it allows to interpret it as a stylistic reworking which pursued to be the last word of the emperor on the deeds of his dubious grandfather and, in fact, on the historical mission of the Macedonian dynasty.
Simulation of Outside-in Cracking in Boiling Water Reactor Fuel Cladding Tubes under Power Ramp
Authors: Sakamoto Kan , Nakatsuka Masafumi , Higuchi Toru
Published: June 2010

In power ramp tests, some high burn-up boiling water reactor (BWR) fuels failed by outside-in cracking. After detailed post irradiation examinations, it was deduced that fracture of radially oriented hydrides precipitated at the outer surface had resulted in the formation of incipient radial cracks that propagated towards the inner surface. Since crack propagation is a key process that dominates the outside-in failure, experimental data of outside-in cracking are obviously required. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the threshold conditions and the velocity of the outside-in cracking during a power ramp to assess the integrity of BWR fuels during a power ramp. In the experiments, by using unirradiated Zry-2 fuel cladding tubes, the outside-in cracking was examined both with and without the thermal gradient. Without the radial thermal gradient, there was no radial delayed hydride cracking in all experimental conditions examined. On the other hand, with the radial thermal gradient, the velocity of the outside-in cracking was significantly higher than that expected from the data obtained under the isothermal condition in our previous study. The threshold depth of the incipient crack was found to be ∼0.1 mm at the hoop stress of 300 MPa. It was suggested that the outside-in cracking during the power ramp is strongly dependent on the distribution of dissolved hydrogen as a result of the thermal diffusion.
Exploring Religion and Politics
Authors: Maddox Marion
Published: June 2010

During the decade of conservative government under Prime Minister John Howard, religion acquired a political importance long absent from Australian public life. Those who looked to the election of a Labor government to change the situation might have been disappointed: incoming Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, who had launched his bid for the Labor leadership by writing a widely discussed pair of articles about Dietrich Bonhoeffer, spoke regularly about his faith. His government’s first formal act in the new Parliament was a quasi-liturgical national apology to the Stolen Generation of Indigenous children taken from their families.
Carolyn J. Sharp, Irony and Meaning in the Hebrew Bible.
Authors: Boer Roland
Published: June 2010

Carolyn J. Sharp, Irony and Meaning in the Hebrew Bible. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009, pp. xiv + 357, ISBN 978-0-253-35244-6.
Michael D. Coogan, The Old Testament A Historical and Literary Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures.
Authors: Young Ian
Published: June 2010

Michael D. Coogan, The Old Testament A Historical and Literary Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures. Oxford University Press, New York/Oxford, 2006, pp. xx + 572, ISBN 9780195139112.
Gender, Religion and Work
Authors: Foroutan Yaghoob
Published: June 2010

This article explains the work patterns and determinants of the South Asian female Muslim migrants in the multiethnic and multicultural setting of Australia. The paper also compares the work differentials of this group of female migrants with non Muslim female migrants from the same region of birth, Muslim women from other regions of birth, other groups of female migrants, and native-born women. Accordingly, the multivariate results of this comparative analysis provide the opportunity to examine appropriately the influence of religion on the employment status of Muslim women from the South Asian region in both intra region and worldwide comparisons.
Health, Moralization, and Negotiating Judgment in Two Evangelical Ministries
Authors: Gerber Lynne
Published: June 2010

Evangelical Christian weight loss programs and ex-gay ministries both rely on religious categories in moralizing the issues they address; homosexuality and over-eating are both depicted as sinful. Yet these programs are also concerned about the social judgment fat people and gay people face and see themselves as places where that judgment is suspended in the pursuit of change. Through a qualitative analysis of the discourse of “health” as used by these groups, this paper argues that both ministries turn toward the seemingly neutral but in fact highly morally charged language of health in an effort to alleviate the tension between the condemnation inherent in the languages of sin and the desire to offer a respite from, and a limited critique of, the judgment their members experience.
Power of the Dead
Authors: Espirito Santo Diana
Published: June 2010

This paper aims to conceptualize the relationship between the main Afro-Cuban religious practices and the experience of varied social and economic difficulties in Havana, and in particular, the role of the dead—the muertos—in its articulation. I argue that the dead are not just to be seen as socio-historical idioms or representations but as constitutive elements of a Cuban religious personhood, which must be discerned, acknowledged and objectified through one’s actions in the world. Achieving harmony in relation to oneself with one’s environment at any given moment thus requires a theory of self, and in the ritually and cosmologically fluid Afro-Cuban religious sphere this is most effectively given by the spirit mediumship cult of espiritismo cruzado.
2006 Winter Olympics and the Shroud of Turin
Authors: Tilson Donn
Published: June 2010

This study explores the use of a sacred icon – the Shroud of Turin – as a communicative symbol in public relations campaigning by the city of Torino, the Shroud of Turin Diocesan Commission, the Museum Della Sindone and 2006 Winter Olympics’ exclusive global television broadcaster NBC and its US affiliate stations before and during the Olympics in Torino, Italy. In particular, the study examines the extent to which such communicative activity could be considered devotional-promotional in nature. A combination of qualitative methods obtained data on media, state and Church campaigning and its effects. While the Olympics provided an opportunity for these institutions to showcase their “products” on a world stage the extent to which such promotion persuaded tourists, pilgrims and others to travel to Torino – either for the Games in person or virtually - is an open question absent survey, observational and other research although above-normal Museum attendance, a spike in tourism to the region and record cyber-traffic to Olympic and host city websites do suggest certain effects of such campaigning.
Feasting between the Revolutions
Authors: Ben-Shlomo David , Hill Austin C. , Garfinkel Yosef
Published: June 2010

Feasting has attracted much attention in archaeological research, both within the Near East and elsewhere in the world. Recent evidence of feasting includes occurrences in the Near East at prehistoric as well as Bronze and Iron Age sites, reflecting the diversity of types and functions of feasts. This article presents new evidence for feasting related to the intermediate protohistoric period in the southern Levant, coming from Middle Chalcolithic (late 6th millennium Cal BC) Tel Tsaf in the Jordan Valley. The evidence for feasting includes numerous large-scale cooking facilities (earth ovens) and concentrations of faunal remains. It is suggested that if social differentiation had increased during the Chalcolithic, then the provisioning of feasting at Tel Tsaf from household pig sties may have created new arenas for the negotiation of prestige and social status.
Elite Place-making and Social Interaction in the Late Cypriot Bronze Age
Authors: Fisher Kevin D.
Published: June 2010

Monumental buildings constructed with ashlar masonry have long been recognized as a hallmark of the Late Cypriot (LC) period (ca. 1650-1100 BC). Yet little attention has been paid to the vital role they played in the (trans)formation of social structures and maintenance of elite power. I examine how these buildings were designed to facilitate social interactions, including ritual activities centred on feasting, through which social statuses, roles and identities were negotiated and reproduced. This was achieved through the purposeful arrangement of rooms to control access and encourage or discourage particular types of interaction, as well as the strategic placement of symbolically-charged architectural elements such as ashlar masonry as a means of reifying social boundaries. Following from that, I suggest that these monumental buildings were socially-constructed and meaningful places of action and interaction and thus a central component of LC elite identities and the strategy of place-making, through which they derived and maintained their power.
Courtyard Houses and Other Complex Buildings in the Protohistory of Southern Gaul
Authors: Belarte Franco Maria Carme
Published: June 2010

Courtyard houses are attested at several sites in southern Gaul between the 5th and the 1st centuries BC. They represent a new concept when compared to the traditional protohistoric houses of the region and have often been interpreted in terms of Mediterranean, Greek or Italic influences. Regardless of their origin, exogenous influences or evolution, these houses suggest the emergence of social differentiation and elites in several of the main settlements. This article analyses the significance of the various courtyard house categories in the context of local, indigenous societies, while trying to understand the social implications of this new type of residence. In a wider context, the development of domestic architecture during the Iron Age is analysed alongside the relationships between changing uses of space and social changes.
Franc-maçonnerie et la Construction du Citoyen en Italie
Authors: Isastia Anna Maria
Published: June 2010

In this French scholarship article ‘Freemasonry and the Construction of the Citizen in Italy’, Anna Maria Isastia investigates the contribution of Italian freemasonry to the ‘making of Italians’, a secularized Italian national identity. This project, according to Isastia, created ‘the great utopia’ of Italians living during the second half of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. Isastia analyses how the erection of monuments dedicated to the astronomer Giordano Bruno or the politician Giuseppe Mazzini, the establishment of national days of remembrance, educational programs and a wide range of initiatives within associational life—from insurance companies to evening classes and scouting—or cremation, were initiated or promoted by Italian freemasons. In her brief overview she concludes that more research has to be done on this topic, for instance related to the discourse on women and their position vis-à-vis Italian freemasonry and society.