bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responding to economic abuse: An institutional logics analysis of feminist activism
Authors: Benjamin Orly , Yassour‐Borochowitz Dalit , Barzilay Arianne Renan
Published: May 2024

Economic abuse (EA)—intimate partners' efforts to control women's economic resources—still suffers from ambiguous legal recognition. Even in countries with legal recognition, state allocation of resources for support remains meager. We suggest that Israeli state welfare organizations (SWOs) employees have developed their professional response to EA along two distinct value sets—a dominant institutional logic in their respective organizations and a more covert feminist institutional logic encountered in collaborations with feminist Non Governmental Organizations. Using a framework of multiple institutional logics, in interviews with 48 SWO employees, we map the multiple institutional logics that cultivate responses to EA survivors and show that elements of feminist understanding and practices on EA permeate SWOs' practices. The existence of a feminist institutional logic creates a path for exploring whether the feminist impact is significant in enabling committed responses to EA even while no institutional change is achieved.
Comparative metabolomics study on the quality of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) stored at different temperatures
Authors: Ma Xinyu , Su Dong , Zhu Jiancheng , Miao Junkui , Liu Xiaofang , Leng Kailiang , Wang Xixi , Xie Wancui
Published: May 2024

In this study, the effect of short‐term storage at different temperatures (0, 4 and −8 °C) on the quality of Antarctic krill was investigated using the main quality indicators as a reference, combined with electronic nose and untargeted metabolomics. Antarctic krill stored at lower temperatures (−8 °C) were of better quality and had a flavour similar to that of the original Antarctic krill. Metabolomics analyses showed that differential metabolites (DMS) were more abundant in Antarctic krill at higher temperatures (4 °C), with sixty‐five metabolites having reduced expression and forty‐five metabolites having increased expression; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that amino acid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism pathways were the Five DMS, including α‐ketoglutarate, glutamate, succinate, sucrose and glutarate, can be used as potential biomarkers to monitor quality changes during short‐term storage of Antarctic krill. In addition, the association between quality indicators and differential metabolites remains to be explored.
The influence of pectinase treatments on the characteristics of pre‐treated and lyophilised sunflower meal‐whey blends
Authors: Güneş Zeynep Saliha , Raak Norbert , Corredig Milena , Gülseren İbrahim
Published: May 2024

Whey and sunflower meals are primary by‐products of dairy cheese and vegetable oil production, respectively. Due to their widespread abundance, their valorisation could enable the generation of various value‐added food ingredients or products. In this study, an effort was made to utilise enzymatic pectinolysis along with other pre‐treatments to generate mixtures from whey and sunflower meal (SFM). The increasing presence of SFM increased the critical denaturation temperature of the mixtures and induced less protein structural changes. In addition, the presence of complex carbohydrates in SFM enhanced water and oil holding capacities. In general, pectinase and ultrasonication led to enhanced foaming of the mixtures, although the foams were relatively short‐lived. SFM inclusion limited foaming and emulsification capacities of the blends. In most cases, increasing the ratio of SFM to protein resulted in lower total reducing sugars (TRS), suggesting a more limited enzymatic activity. On the other hand, heating temperature or ultrasonication improved the extent of pectinolysis. Pre‐treatments and pectinolysis improved the functional properties of SFM and whey protein concentrate blends and are promising as an alternative protein source in new product applications.
Development of a comprehensive classification model for determining the storage day of frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) for freshness evaluation using a portable electronic nose
Authors: Madhubhashini M. Nerandi , Liyanage Chamara P. , Alahakoon Amali U. , Liyanage Rumesh Prasanga
Published: May 2024

Ensuring the freshness of fish is essential to guaranteeing safer products for consumers. A classification model was developed using the PEN3 electronic nose to predict fish freshness with its storage day. Frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) was used for odour sampling along with the total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), at 4 °C for 14 days every other day. Random forest and support vector machine (SVM) were performed to develop freshness classification models based on PEN3 data and 100% and 99.8% accuracies were obtained, respectively, in distinguishing the eight storage day classes. The PEN3 sensors including W2S, W1S, W1W, W3S, and W6S were identified as key sensors for fish freshness. TVB‐N analysis advances the freshness prediction of e‐nose and three freshness levels were identified as ‘Fresh’, applicable from the 0th to the 6th day; ‘Moderately fresh’, lasting from the 7th to the 9th day; and ‘Unsuitable for consumption’, applicable from the 10th day onwards.
Insights into the mechanism of Penicillium inoculation on microbial succession, volatile compound evolutions and sensory development of Jinhua ham
Authors: Li Danni , Li Zimu , Cao Jinxuan , Teng Wendi , Wang Ying , Pan Daodong , Xia Qiang , Sun Yangying , Du Lihui , He Jun , Wang Wei , Zhou Changyu
Published: May 2024

To investigate the mechanism of Penicillium inoculation on the flavour improvement of Jinhua ham, the microbial succession, free amino acid contents, volatile compound evolutions, sensory attributes and the relationship between key volatiles and sensory properties were investigated during the processing of Jinhua ham with P. aethiopicum (PA) or P. chrysogenum (PC) inoculation. The total counts of fungal communities in CK, PA and PC groups significantly increased from 2.74 log CFU*g−1 of raw ham to 5.18, 5.39 and 5.50 log CFU*g−1 from day 0 to day 28, and then decreased by 2.06, 1.94 and 1.86 log CFU*g−1 from day 28 to the final products (P < 0.001). The total contents of free amino acids significantly increased from 1584.22 mg/100 g of CK to 2117.20 mg/100 g of PA and 2174.05 mg/100 g of PC (P < 0.01); the contents of alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, valine, leucine and phenylalanine in PC were significantly higher than those of CK and PA (P < 0.05). Sensory scores of meaty aroma, nutty aroma and overall acceptance showed the largest values in PC among three groups. GC–MS results indicated that aromatic aldehydes and pyrazines in PC showed the largest increase, compared with CK and PA groups. PLS‐DA and correlation analysis demonstrated that benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde and 2,5‐dimethyl pyrazine contributed to the improvement of aroma attributes of Jinhua ham with Penicillium inoculation. The KEGG analysis further revealed that the metabolism of valine and phenylalanine was mainly involved in developing aromatic aldehydes and pyrazines of Jinhua ham with Penicillium inoculation. These results indicated that the inoculation of Penicillium could enhance the flavour quality of Jinhua ham.
Effect of preparation design and endodontic access on fracture resistance of zirconia overlays in mandibular molars: An in vitro study
Authors: Jurado Carlos A. , Afrashtehfar Kelvin I. , Robles Manuel , Alaqeely Razan S. , Alsayed Hussain D. , Lindquist Terry J. , Alhotan Abdulaziz
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the fracture resistance of zirconia overlays, considering various preparation designs and the presence of endodontic access.

Materials and Methods

Ninety translucent zirconia (5Y‐PSZ) overlay restorations were divided into six groups (n = 15/group) based on different preparation designs, with and without endodontic access: chamfer margin 4 mm above the gingival level without (group 1) and with endodontic access (group 2); margin 2 mm above the gingival level without (group 3) and with endodontic access (group 4); overlay with no chamfer margin without (group 5) and with endodontic access (group 6). Restorations were bonded to mandibular first molar resin dies, and the groups with endodontic access were sealed with flowable resin composite. All restorations underwent 100,000 cycles of thermal cycling between 5°C and 55°C, followed by loading until fracture. Maximum load and fracture resistance were recorded. ANOVA with Tukey post‐hoc tests were used for statistical comparison (α < 0.05).

Results

Fracture resistance significantly varied among overlay designs with and without endodontic access (p < 0.001), except for the no‐margin overlays (groups 5 and 6). Overlays with a 2 mm margin above the gingival margin with endodontic access (group 4) exhibited significantly higher fracture resistance compared to both the 4‐mm supragingival (group 2) and no‐margin (group 6) designs, even when compared to their respective intact groups (groups 1 and 5). There were no significant differences between the no‐margin and 4‐mm supragingival overlays.

Conclusion

The more extensive zirconia overlay for mandibular molars is the first choice since the 2 mm margin above the gingival level design withstood considerable loads even after undergoing endodontic access. A no‐margin overlay is preferred over the 4‐mm supragingival design as it preserves more tooth structure and there was no outcome difference, irrespective of endodontic access. Caution is warranted in interpreting these findings due to the in vitro nature of the study.
Influence of different printing orientations and post‐polymerization time on the translucency of three‐dimensional (3D) printed denture base resins
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Fouda Shaimaa M. , Alshammary Hend , Altayyar Raand , Elakel Ahmed , Nassar Essam A. , Khan Soban Q. , Rahoma Ahmed M. , Elhagali Ahmed Fathey , Özcan Mutlu , Al‐Harbi Fahad A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of different printing orientations and post‐polymerization time with thermal cycling on the translucency of 3D‐printed denture base resins.

Methods

Heat‐polymerized (HP) acrylic resin specimens were fabricated and 3D‐printed denture base materials (NextDent, ASIGA, FormLabs) were printed with different printing orientations (0, 45, 90 degrees) and subjected to different post‐polymerization times (15‐, 30‐, 60‐, and 90‐min). All specimens were polished and immersed in distilled water for 1 day at 37°C. CIEDE2000 was used to measure the translucency parameters (TP00) before and after thermal cycling (5000 cycles) recording the color parameters (L*, a*, b*) against a black and white background using a spectrophotometer. k‐factors ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test (α = .05) was performed for statistical analysis.

Results

The k‐factors ANOVA test showed a significant effect of resin material, post‐polymerization time, and printing orientation on translucency (p < 0.001). In comparison to HP, all 3D‐printed resins showed lower translucency with all post‐polymerization times and printing orientation (p < 0.001) except FormLabs resin (p > 0.05). For all 3D‐printed resins, the translucency increased, with increasing the post‐polymerization time (p < 0.001) and 60‐ and 90‐min showed the highest translucency. For printing orientation, 90 and 45 degrees significantly showed high translucency in comparison to 0 degrees (p < 0.001). FormLabs showed significantly higher translucency when compared with NextDent and ASIGA per respective printing orientation and post‐polymerization time. The translucency significantly decreased after thermal cycling for all tested resins (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings of this study demonstrated that the translucency of 3D‐printed resins is influenced by the printing orientation, post‐polymerization time, and resin type. As a result, choosing a resin type, and printing orientation, with a longer post‐polymerization time should be considered since it may improve the esthetic appearance of the 3D‐printed resins.
The experiences of people starting haemodialysis: A qualitative study
Authors: Mehta Kshama , Hussein Wael F. , Leuther Kerstin K. , Fegler Alexandra , Schiller Brigitte , Bennett Paul N.
Published: May 2024

Background and Objective

Starting dialysis is a life‐changing transition for people living with kidney disease. People feel overwhelmed with diet changes, medications and surgical interventions, and often experience high levels of anxiety, depression and hospital admissions. The objective of this study was to explore and describe the experiences and perspectives of people starting dialysis.

Study Design

Observational qualitative study using audio‐recorded, individual, semi‐structured interviews.

Participants

We conducted 20 semi‐structured interviews with English‐speaking adults who were within 90 days of starting in‐centre haemodialysis at centres of a nonprofit dialysis provider in Northern California.

Approach

Trained qualitative researchers conducted interviews that were deidentified and transcribed verbatim before being inductively coded into codes, categories, and themes.

Results

Three overarching themes emerged from the interviews. Being overwhelmed when starting dialysis, realises the emotional unpreparedness of patients starting dialysis and how the centre's environment (waiting and treatment areas) and staff behaviour impact the dialysis start experience. Making sense of it all, covers how the patient's symptoms, behaviour, and dialysis‐related experiences impact the dialysis start. Moving forward, describes how education informed optimal decision‐making, and can provide hope for a longer and better life.

Limitations

Predominantly college‐educated participants were recruited from a single dialysis organisation which may limit the transferability of results.

Conclusion

Understanding the life‐changing experiences that patients encounter when starting dialysis assist dialysis clinicians to help patients adjust and develop long‐term coping strategies.
Cozy den or winter walk: the effects of climate and supplementary feeding on brown bear winter behavior
Authors: Bogdanović N. , Zedrosser A. , Hertel A. G. , Ćirović D.
Published: May 2024

Hibernation is a key adaptation for coping with unfavorable climatic conditions and low food availability in areas with severe winter conditions. While understanding the physiology and phenology of this adaptation has received considerable attention, comparatively little information is available on how hibernation will be affected by changing climate conditions. We used GPS telemetry data from 20 free‐ranging brown bears monitored over 31 winters between 2007 and 2022, to identify behavioral strategies of bears during winter. We applied behavioral change point analysis to quantify brown bears’ hibernation phenology in a population close to the bear's southern latitudinal range limit in Europe where supplementary food is available to bears year‐round. We observed winter behavior patterns that varied across age and reproductive classes but also within individuals between winters. Among 31 winter events, we registered six cases in which bears exhibited a single hibernation/stationary period and 19 events where hibernation was split into up to five stationary periods. Moreover, six winter events did not show behaviors consistent with hibernation and individuals remained partly or completely active throughout winter. The movement of these active bears decreased with increasing snow depth. In addition, these winter‐active bears showed higher fidelity to supplementary feeding sites during the winter period compared to the rest of the year. Our data suggest that an abundance of human‐provided food resources during winter may facilitate the emergence of different wintering strategies in brown bears. Furthermore, supplemental feeding sites in combination with predicted mild winters and prolonged natural food availability suggest that the use of hibernation as an energy‐saving strategy to overcome severe environmental conditions may decrease in the future.
Serpentinite‐hosted chemosynthetic community of South Chamorro Seamount, Mariana Forearc
Authors: Chen Chong , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Sawada Hikaru , Iwamoto Hisanori , Takai Ken
Published: May 2024

Deep‐sea chemosynthetic ecosystems are ‘oases’ of life powered by reducing geofluids, of which serpentinite‐hosted seeps are among the least studied. South Chamorro Seamount, a serpentine mud volcano on the Mariana Arc, has been known to host chemosynthesis‐based assemblages since 1996, but no detailed information on the fauna was published. Here, we revisited South Chamorro to characterise its biodiversity. We located two regions of chemosynthetic communities dominated by bathymodioline mussels, vesicomyid clams, and chaetopterid parchment worms: one on the northwestern flank (‘Fryer Site’) and one on the southern summit (‘Summit Site’). We sampled a total of 20 species including 13 molluscs, five annelids, and two crustaceans – all present on the more active Summit Site but only a subset being found at Fryer Site. A mussel bed surrounding the Fryer Site was drilled by the Ocean Drilling Program in 2001 resulting in six holes, the deepest being 266 m (Hole 1200C). Cuttings ~50 cm deep still cover an approximately 60 m radius around Hole 1200C even 22 years later, and there is no sign of recovery. Low geofluid supply in serpentinite‐hosted seamounts may not allow decadal recovery of animal colonies, unlike a previous drilling site in an Okinawa Trough vent.
Genetic connectivity of the common octopus (Octopus insularis) along the southwestern Caribbean
Authors: Puentes‐Sayo Alejandra , Quintero‐Galvis Julian F. , Campos Nestor H. , Acero P Arturo , Narváez‐Barandica Juan Carlos
Published: May 2024

Octopus insularis is a shallow‐water octopus distributed throughout the western Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. To evaluate its phylogeographic pattern, mitochondrial markers (16S rRNA and COIII) and genome‐wide nuclear markers (SNP's) were analyzed in individuals from artisanal fishing in different locations of the Colombian Caribbean coast. Mitochondrial analyzes displayed novel haplotypes (16S = H2, H3 and H4; COIII = H2–H7) and haplotypes shared with distant geographic areas (16S = H1 COIII = H1). The COIII gene did not show genetic differentiation between the analyzed localities, while the 16S gene showed significant differences between Santa Marta and Isla Fuerte. COIII's demographic analysis indicated that the species' effective population size has remained constant. Inferences were made from next‐generation genomic data with restriction site‐associated DNA (ddRAD‐seq) and 6769 polymorphic loci. The pairwise FST test indicated that there are low but significant differences between localities; however, the general molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) and the principal coordinate analysis showed a lack of spatial structure in the populations analyzed. The Mantel test found no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance, and the genetic structure analyses showed the presence of one genetic stock. The information obtained in this study indicates the genetic connectivity of O. insularis in the southwestern Caribbean, the absence of putative biogeographic barriers that affect its gene flow, and the crucial role played by life history strategies (planktonic paralarvae) and oceanographic factors to define the current distribution of its genetic diversity in this region.
By the people, for the people: Local government's representation of voter preferences under the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Perez Victoria , Ross Justin , Simon Kosali
Published: May 2024

Decentralized government is hypothesized to lead public service investments to better align with political preferences across geographical regions, yet there has been limited rigorous testing of this hypothesis. We examine how local public provision of hospital services varied according to political preferences between 2006 and 2016. We use state Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) as a source of exogenous variation. Consistent with the motivation for federalism, we find that areas less supportive of the ACA tended to convert the state expansion into lower property taxes with lower public hospital expenditures, whereas, in states that expanded Medicaid, local governments tended to increase public provision of healthcare.
From trade‐off to synergy: microbial insights into enhancing plant growth and immunity
Authors: Ku Yee‐Shan , Liao Yi‐Jun , Chiou Shian‐Peng , Lam Hon‐Ming , Chan Ching
Published: May 2024

The reduction in crop yield caused by pathogens and pests presents a significant challenge to global food security. Genetic engineering, which aims to bolster plant defence mechanisms, emerges as a cost‐effective solution for disease control. However, this approach often incurs a growth penalty, known as the growth‐defence trade‐off. The precise molecular mechanisms governing this phenomenon are still not completely understood, but they generally fall under two main hypotheses: a “passive” redistribution of metabolic resources, or an “active” regulatory choice to optimize plant fitness. Despite the knowledge gaps, considerable practical endeavours are in the process of disentangling growth from defence. The plant microbiome, encompassing both above‐ and below‐ground components, plays a pivotal role in fostering plant growth and resilience to stresses. There is increasing evidence which indicates that plants maintain intimate associations with diverse, specifically selected microbial communities. Meta‐analyses have unveiled well‐coordinated, two‐way communications between plant shoots and roots, showcasing the capacity of plants to actively manage their microbiota for balancing growth with immunity, especially in response to pathogen incursions. This review centers on successes in making use of specific root‐associated microbes to mitigate the growth‐defence trade‐off, emphasizing pivotal advancements in unravelling the mechanisms behind plant growth and defence. These findings illuminate promising avenues for future research and practical applications.
Antibacterial activity of high surface area zinc oxide nanoparticles for controlling black rot disease of Chinese kale
Authors: Sripo‐ngam Supisara , Khaengraeng Choosak , Kasem Supot , Chatnaparat Tiyakhon
Published: May 2024

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are inorganic compounds listed as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) materials and have been used in plant production as well as for plant disease control. This study investigated the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO NPs with various surface areas against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, assessed the effectiveness of ZnO NPs in controlling black rot disease in Chinese kale, and examined the influence of ZnO NPs application on soil bacterial communities. The results showed that ZnO NPs with high surface area effectively inhibited X. campestris pv. campestris by restraining growth and causing cell damage. Seed treatment and foliar spray application of high surface area ZnO NPs at 250 μg/mL significantly reduced the disease severity of black rot. Furthermore, in the greenhouse experiment, the soil bacterial communities in the treatment of plants applied with ZnO NPs did not differ from those in soil of nontreated plants. Therefore, ZnO NPs have the potential to serve as an alternative substance for plant disease management.
Pathogenic variations in Colletotrichum spp. causing chilli anthracnose in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Noor Nuraini Mohd , Zakaria Latiffah
Published: May 2024

In Peninsular Malaysia, Colletotrichum fioriniae, Colletotrichum fructicola, Colletotrichum scovillei, Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum truncatum are the causative pathogens of chilli anthracnose. In the present study, the pathogenic variability and virulence levels of these five Colletotrichum spp. were evaluated. Isolates of C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. scovillei, C. siamense and C. truncatum were tested for pathogenicity using red and green Capsicum annuum and red and green Capsicum frutescens. Pathogenicity tests were conducted using spore suspensions and mycelial plugs on wounded and nonwounded chilli fruits. All isolates tested on the wounded chilli fruits caused anthracnose symptoms with variable disease severity and virulence. In nonwounded chilli fruits, only isolates of C. scovillei (n = 7) and C. truncatum (n = 5) caused infection. C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. scovillei, C. siamense and C. truncatum showed variability in pathogenicity and virulence levels in red and green chilli fruits of Ca. annuum and Ca. frutescens. Pathogenicity tests on wounded and nonwounded chilli fruits can be used to identify pathotypes within anthracnose pathogen populations. This is important for strategizing the effective disease management of chilli anthracnose.
Finding the Words: How Does the Aging Brain Process Language? A Focused Review of Brain Connectivity and Compensatory Pathways
Authors: Baciu Monica , Roger Elise
Published: May 2024

As people age, there is a natural decline in cognitive functioning and brain structure. However, the relationship between brain function and cognition in older adults is neither straightforward nor uniform. Instead, it is complex, influenced by multiple factors, and can vary considerably from one person to another. Reserve, compensation, and maintenance mechanisms may help explain why some older adults can maintain high levels of performance while others struggle. These mechanisms are often studied concerning memory and executive functions that are particularly sensitive to the effects of aging. However, language abilities can also be affected by age, with changes in production fluency. The impact of brain changes on language abilities needs to be further investigated to understand the dynamics and patterns of aging, especially successful aging. We previously modeled several compensatory profiles of language production and lexical access/retrieval in aging within the Lexical Access and Retrieval in Aging (LARA) model. In the present paper, we propose an extended version of the LARA model, called LARA‐Connectivity (LARA‐C), incorporating recent evidence on brain connectivity. Finally, we discuss factors that may influence the strategies implemented with aging. The LARA‐C model can serve as a framework to understand individual performance and open avenues for possible personalized interventions.
Rectal volume is correlated with interfractional positional shifts of the prostate gland in dogs receiving radiation therapy
Authors: Nagata Koichi , Janik Emily A. , Gutti Jishnu Rao
Published: May 2024

Variability in prostate gland positioning during RT for prostate tumors is a recognized challenge in both human and veterinary oncology. This retrospective study investigates the interfractional variability in prostate gland positioning in relation to rectal and bladder volumes in dogs undergoing radiation therapy (RT) for prostate tumors. The study tracked 10 dogs undergoing five RT sessions from February 2016 to November 2021, delivering a total of 25 Gy each. Each dog underwent CT scans for treatment simulation, and cone‐beam CT (CBCT) images were acquired before each RT. The focus was to analyze the positional shifts of the prostate gland concerning the volumes of the rectum and urinary bladder. The pelvic bones were used as the point of reference. The rectal and bladder volumes were measured before each RT, and shifts in the prostate gland position were calculated by comparing coordinates from planning CT and treatment session images. Findings revealed significant correlations between prostate positional shifts in the dorsal‐ventral (repeated measures correlation coefficient of −0.58 [range 00.75–00.33]; P < .001) and cranial‐caudal directions (repeated measures correlation coefficient [95%CI] 0.56 [range 0.31–0.74]; P < .001) and rectal volume, while no significant relationship was observed with bladder volume. Shifts in the lateral direction were not correlated with either organ's volume. This study highlights the importance of considering rectal volume in canine prostate tumor RT to minimize positional uncertainties. Maintaining consistent rectal volume may enhance the precision of prostate targeting, potentially influencing the safety of RT.
Amenability of bounded automata groups on infinite alphabets
Authors: Reinke Bernhard
Published: May 2024

We study the action of groups generated by bounded activity automata with infinite alphabets on their orbital Schreier graphs. We introduce an amenability criterion for such groups based on the recurrence of the first‐level action. This criterion is a natural extension of the result that all groups generated by bounded activity automata with finite alphabets are amenable. Our motivation comes from the investigation of iterated monodromy groups of entire transcendental functions in holomorphic dynamics.
Extending finite free actions of surfaces
Authors: Hidalgo Rubén A.
Published: May 2024

We prove the existence of finite groups acting freely as orientation‐preserving homeomorphisms on closed orientable surfaces that extend as a group of homeomorphisms of some compact orientable 3‐manifold but that cannot extend to a handlebody. This solves a basic problem in low‐dimensional equivariant topology going back to the work of Reni and Zimmermann in the mid‐1990s.
Sharpening Littlewood subordination principle with univalent symbol
Authors: Dmitrović Dušica , Karapetrović Boban
Published: May 2024

Let be a subharmonic function on the open unit disc , centered at the origin of the complex plane, and let be a holomorphic function such that . A classical result, known as Littlewood subordination principle, states , where and are integral means over the circle of radius centered at the origin, of the functions and , respectively. In this note, we obtain an unexpected improvement of Littlewood subordination principle in the case when the function is univalent, by proving that
where . We also list some applications of this result including an improved variant of Rogosinski theorem with univalent symbol.
How we perceive the width of grasped objects: Insights into the central processes that govern proprioceptive judgements
Authors: Héroux Martin E. , Fisher Georgia , Axelson Lovisa H. , Butler Annie A. , Gandevia Simon C.
Published: May 2024

Low‐level proprioceptive judgements involve a single frame of reference, whereas high‐level proprioceptive judgements are made across different frames of reference. The present study systematically compared low‐level (graspgrasp) and high‐level (visiongrasp, graspvision) proprioceptive tasks, and quantified the consistency of graspvision and possible reciprocal nature of related high‐level proprioceptive tasks. Experiment 1 (n = 30) compared performance across visiongrasp, a graspvision and a graspgrasp tasks. Experiment 2 (n = 30) compared performance on the graspvision task between hands and over time. Participants were accurate (mean absolute error 0.27 cm [0.20 to 0.34]; mean [95% CI]) and precise ( = 0.95 [0.93 to 0.96]) for graspgrasp judgements, with a strong correlation between outcomes (r = −0.85 [−0.93 to −0.70]). Accuracy and precision decreased in the two high‐level tasks ( = 0.86 and 0.89; mean absolute error = 1.34 and 1.41 cm), with most participants overestimating perceived width for the visiongrasp task and underestimating it for graspvision task. There was minimal correlation between accuracy and precision for these two tasks. Converging evidence indicated performance was largely reciprocal (inverse) between the visiongrasp and graspvision tasks. Performance on the graspvision task was consistent between dominant and non‐dominant hands, and across repeated sessions a day or week apart. Overall, there are fundamental differences between low‐ and high‐level proprioceptive judgements that reflect fundamental differences in the cortical processes that underpin these perceptions. Moreover, the central transformations that govern high‐level proprioceptive judgements of grasp are personalised, stable and reciprocal for reciprocal tasks.

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Key points

Low‐level proprioceptive judgements involve a single frame of reference (e.g. indicating the width of a grasped object by selecting from a series of objects of different width), whereas high‐level proprioceptive judgements are made across different frames of reference (e.g. indicating the width of a grasped object by selecting from a series of visible lines of different length).

We highlight fundamental differences in the precision and accuracy of low‐ and high‐level proprioceptive judgements.

We provide converging evidence that the neural transformations between frames of reference that govern high‐level proprioceptive judgements of grasp are personalised, stable and reciprocal for reciprocal tasks.

This stability is likely key to precise judgements and accurate predictions in high‐level proprioception.
A study on the optimal design of UAM seats
Authors: Seok Ji-Hun , Kim Yun-Hae , Bae Sung-Youl
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to enhance the efficiency of urban air mobility (UAM) air transportation by determining the optimal design, materials, and processes of seven different manufactured fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP), and to confirm their applicability for next-generation UAM aircraft seats. Structural designs for the aircraft seat models were carried out using carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP), glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP), and GFRP chop materials, employing Autoclave, Hot-press, and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VaRTM) processes, resulting in a total of seven FRP configurations. It was confirmed that CFRP seats were 50% lower weight than aluminum models, while GFRP seats showed a 30% reduction. Although Autoclave processing resulted in the highest tensile strength at 985[Formula: see text]MPa, VaRTM processing also produced strength levels comparable to Autoclave processing. Structural integrity assessments of the seat models, utilizing the Korean aviation standards (KAS), confirmed that the designed seat models exhibited no failure or deformation under the conditions required by the technical standards. This study provides insights into the potential application of the seven types of FRP materials in the design of aircraft seats, offering weight reduction benefits and meeting the structural integrity requirements outlined by KAS.
Optically controlled variable damping system based on PLZT ceramic/ERF in rectangular microchannel
Authors: Yao Yao , Liu Zhicheng , Wang Xinjie
Published: May 2024

Variable damping control technology based on intelligent materials of electromagnetic excitation has been widely used in the field of (semi-) active vibration control and fluid control. Unfortunately, a major drawback is the electromagnetic noise interference and low response speed. In this paper, a new optically controlled variable damping system based on PLZT ceramic/electrorheological fluid (ERF) is proposed. The mathematical models of the photovoltage generated by PLZT ceramics and the pressure difference between the two ends of the microchannel are established and verified by numerical simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics. Meanwhile, with the increase of light intensity, liquid flow rate and decrease of microchannel height and width, the pressure difference shows an uptrend. Optically controlled variable damping system based on PLZT ceramic/ERF is a control method with the advantages of a clean excitation source, remote control, no electromagnetic interference, and fast response speed, and has a good application prospect in the field of vibration control and fluid control.
Optical fractional solitonic structures to decoupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation arising in dual-core optical fibers
Authors: Younas U. , Muhammad J. , Ismael Hajar F. , Murad Muhammad Amin S. , Sulaiman T. A.
Published: May 2024

This paper explores a specific class of equations that model the propagation of optical pulses in dual-core optical fibers. The decoupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation with properties of M fractional derivatives is considered as the governing equation. The proposed model consists of group-velocity mismatch and dispersion, nonlinear refractive index and linear coupling coefficient. Different types of solutions, including mixed, dark, singular, bright-dark, bright, complex and combined solitons are extracted by using the integration methods known as fractional modified Sardar subequation method and modified F-expansion method. Optical soliton propagation in optical fibers is currently a subject of great interest due to the multiple prospects for ultrafast signal routing systems and short light pulses in communications. In nonlinear dispersive media, optical solitons are stretched electromagnetic waves that maintain their intensity due to a balance between the effects of dispersion and nonlinearity. Furthermore, hyperbolic, periodic and exponential solutions are generated. A fractional complex transformation is applied to reduce the governing model into the ordinary differential equation and then by the assistance of balance principle the methods are used, depending upon the balance number. Also, we plot the different graphs with the associated parameter values to visualize the solutions behaviours with different parameter values. The findings of this work will help to identify and clarify some novel soliton solutions and it is expected that the solutions obtained will play a vital role in the fields of physics and engineering.
Investigation into silver-engine oil nanoliquid convinced by Riga surface: Deviations in three binary nanofluids
Authors: Gangadhar Kotha , Naga Chandrika G. , Dinarvand Saeed
Published: May 2024

The Riga plate is the inventive magnetic mechanism created from assembly of arranged constant magnets and alternate electrode through the plane surface. The inventive magnetic mechanism produces the wall-parallel Lorentz force into postponing the boundary layer division and reducing turbulence effect. In this analysis, the flow performance on silver-engine oil-based nanoparticles by Casson–Jeffrey, Casson–Oldroyd-B and Casson–Maxwell binary nanofluids through the Riga plate was analyzed. By analyzing the correlation transformation, the controlling model was changed into a system of ordinary differential equations, it has been resolved by applying finite element methods. The investigation of the acquired outcomes had been verified by the flow by second-grade fluids which affected importantly the governing parameters. The both EMHD parameter and nanoparticles had acted on the thermal improvement of these non-Newtonian employing fluids. The velocity profiles were magnified when the Lorentz force was instigated over the EMHD parameter. Overall, this Casson–Jeffrey and Casson–Maxwell nanofluid model is more effective than the Casson–Oldroyd-B nanofluids model.
Numerical simulation of hybrid nanofluid flow consisting of polymer–CNT matrix nanocomposites subject to Lorentz force and heat source/sink across coaxial cylinders
Authors: Ali Bilal , Jubair Sidra , Siddiqui Md Irfanul Haque
Published: May 2024

The hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow consists of polymer/CNT matrix nanocomposite material (MNC) across coaxial cylinders is numerically described in this study. The HNF flow is inspected under the consequences of thermal radiation, exponential heat source/sink and viscous dissipation. The HNF is prepared by adding polymer/CNT MNC in water. MNCs are highly productive elements with unique designs and properties. The MNCs are widely used in biomedicine and electrical applications due to their exceptional thermophysical properties. Based on their exceptionally high electrical conductivity, CNT/polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are also utilized as shielding for electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic interference (EMI). The HNF flow is modeled with the help of energy, continuity, and momentum equations. MATLAB package bvp4c is used to numerically handle the modeled equations. It has been perceived that the intensifying numbers of polymer/CNT MNC will lessen the fluid velocity and temperature profile in cases of both nanofluid and HNF.
Exploring the physical characteristics and nonlinear wave dynamics of a (3+1)-dimensional integrable evolution system
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Attia Raghda A. M. , Alfalqi Suleman H. , Alzaidi Jameel F. , Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: May 2024

This study comprehensively explores the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Mikhailov–Novikov–Wang [Formula: see text] integrable equation, with the primary objective of elucidating its physical manifestations and establishing connections with analogous nonlinear evolution equations. The investigated model holds significant physical meaning across various disciplines within mathematical physics. Primarily, it serves as a fundamental model for understanding nonlinear wave propagation phenomena, offering insights into wave behaviors in complex media. Moreover, its relevance extends to nonlinear optics, where it governs the dynamics of optical pulses and solitons crucial for optical communication and signal processing technologies. Employing analytical methodologies, namely the unified [Formula: see text], Khater II ([Formula: see text]hat.II) method, and He’s variational iteration [Formula: see text] method, both numerical and analytical solutions are meticulously examined. Through this investigation, the intricate behaviors of the equation are systematically unveiled, shedding illuminating insights on various physical phenomena, notably including wave propagation in complex media and nonlinear optics. The outcomes not only underscore the efficacy of the analytical techniques deployed but also accentuate the equation’s pivotal role in modeling a broad spectrum of nonlinear wave dynamics. Consequently, this research significantly advances our comprehension of complex physical systems governed by nonlinear dynamics, thereby contributing notably to interdisciplinary pursuits in mathematical physics.
Dynamics of propagation patterns: An analytical investigation into fractional systems
Authors: Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: May 2024

Recent years have seen a growing interest in fractional differential equations, particularly the fractional Chaffee-Infante ([Formula: see text]) equation, pivotal for understanding dynamics governed by fractional orders in specific physical systems. Exploring solitary wave solutions, this study employs the extended Khater method and truncated Mittag-Leffler function properties to formulate tailored solutions for the ([Formula: see text]) model. Through a traveling wave ansatz, the equation transforms into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, revealing intricate propagation patterns of solitary waves. Visual representations aid comprehension, while rigorous validation ensures solution precision, ultimately providing a comprehensive understanding of system responses to external stimuli. This study effectively integrates analytical and numerical methodologies to derive precise solitary wave solutions, with significant implications for advancing comprehension of complex phenomena in various disciplines governed by fractional-order dynamics.
Tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow through a vertical cone: Unraveling thermal conductivity and Darcy–Forchheimer effects
Authors: Khan Ambreen Afsar , Zafar Saliha , Khan Aziz , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This paper demonstrates the way tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow through a vertical cone is influenced by varying viscosity and varying thermal conductivity. This study also seeks to illustrate the impact of convective boundary conditions on a fluid. The mathematical modeling also takes the Darcy–Forchheimer effect into account.

Methodology: Using the appropriate similarity transformation, the fluid problem is reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These systems of differential equations are evaluated numerically by applying the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method.

Findings: The nature of emergent parameters is examined in relation to the temperature distribution, nanoparticle concentration profile, and velocity profile. An increase in variable viscosity corresponds to a decrease in fluid velocity, while enhanced thermal conductivity results in elevated fluid temperature. The skin friction coefficient, Sherwood, and Nusselt numbers are numerically examined for active concerned parameters. These findings can be put into practice in a variety of fields such as polymer cooling systems and medication.

Originality: Existing literature has yet to explore the combination of tangent hyperbolic nanofluids with varying viscosity and thermal conductivity under convective boundary conditions.
Lump Kink interactional and breather-type waves solutions of (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave dynamical model and its stability with applications
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Seadawy Aly R. , Mehmood Aliza , Shehzad Khurrem
Published: May 2024

The shallow water equations are used to describe the behavior of water waves in various shallow regions such as coastal areas, lakes, rivers, etc. These equations are derived by making simplifying assumptions about the water depth relative to the wavelength of the waves. In this paper, the generalized exponential rational function method (gERFM) is used to construct novel wave solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave ((3+1)-dSWW) dynamical model. These solutions encompass distinct kinds of waves, such as solitary waves, solitons, Kink and anti-kink solitons, lump Kink interactional waves, traveling breathers-type waves and multi-peak solitons. The dynamical behavior of these wave solutions is discussed, examining the influence of free parameters on the resulting wave shapes. Furthermore, to provide a scientific elucidation of the obtained results, the solutions are presented graphically, making it easy to distinguish the dynamical features, which have practical implications in different areas of applied sciences and engineering. The stability of this dynamical model is revealed via modulational instability analysis, signifying that all analytical results are stable. The obtained results show that the given technique is universal and efficient. Through comparing the projected technique with the existing techniques, the obtained results demonstrate that the given technique is universal, pithy and efficient.
Optical solitons for the Hirota–Ramani equation via improved G′G-expansion method
Authors: Behera Sidheswar
Published: May 2024

In this work, first it is shown that the Hirota–Ramani equation, which governs the nonlinear propagation of coupled Langmuir and dust-acoustec wave in a multicomponent dusty plasma, possesses kinds of wave profile such as singular periodic profile, periodic profile, singular soliton profile, M-shape rational profile, bright soliton profile, kink profile in the form of the trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational solutions. With the aid of symbolic computation, we select the Hirota–Ramani equation with a source to investigate the validity and advantage of the improved [Formula: see text]-expansion method and construct some frames of the 3D profiles and the contour profiles to the equation along with the 2D profiles of some solutions to understand the traveling wave dynamics. Following the selection of appropriate values for the associated parameters, more generalized solutions are provided, along with certain patterns in the solutions that are examined. This improved method is effective, concise, reliable, and can be applied for further futuristic applications.