bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The comparative analysis on the text difficulty among English reading question types in CSAT
Authors:   The Korea English Language Testing Association, Lee Juyun
Published: June 2022

The present study examines the different linguistic characteristics and the text difficulty of the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) among English reading question types. The study first focused on comparing the linguistic features of the different question types in the CSAT English reading test. Second the study examined whether the consistency of each linguistic features was maintained over a period of five years (2017-2021). CSAT reading passages conducted from 2017 to 2021 (for 2018-2022 college entrance) were collected. The types of each question were classified into four groups (identifying the main idea, identifying the details, identifying the context and discourse, indirect writing). Corpus analysis was conducted using Coh-Metrix 3.0. The indices were selected for descriptive analysis, lexical diversity, cohesion and connectives; and syntactic complexity. A one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis H test were conducted to analyze the Coh-Metrix results.
The result showed the statistical differences in cohesion and coherence and lexical indices among the question types. In addition, the fluctuation of the coherence and cohesion indices was evident over five years (2017-2021). The implications and limitations of the study were discussed.
Measuring intelligibility and comprehensibility of English utterances produced by Chinese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian students and their effects on English-medium instruction
Authors:   The Korea English Language Testing Association, Yi Jong-il
Published: June 2022

English Medium Instruction (EMI) has been widely implemented and the number of international students has increased sharply, resulting from Korean universities’ major efforts towards becoming more international. This preliminary study was aimed at how Korean lecturers (n= 30) and Korean students (n= 31) measured the intelligibility and comprehensibility of Chinese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian students’ (n= 9) English utterances. The Korean participants listened to speakers’ utterances for the purposes of the intelligibility check and reported words that they did not recognize; in order to measure comprehensibility, they indicated their degree of perceived understanding of each speaker’s verbalization on the 5-point Likert scale. The Korean lecturers and students both measured the Chinese utterances of intelligibility and comprehensibility as the highest, whilst the students statistically measured the Vietnamese utterances as the lowest. The correlation coefficient between intelligibility and comprehensibility showed a relatively low relationship of r= 0.401. The Korean lecturers and students reported that they had difficulty understanding unfamiliar accented English such as Vietnamese and Mongolian English, which somehow affected communication held within EMI. Large-scale research involving various factors affecting English intelligibility and comprehensibility should be conducted with various L1 backgrounds in EMI.
Prognostics and Health monitoring of Lead acid battery
Authors: R Ashwin , Prasad A.N Dr.Suryanarayana
Published: June 2022

The ever-increasing number of electrical loads in the commercial vehicle emphasizes the significance of lead acid battery used for starting and the powering of electrical systems in a commercial vehicle. In order to monitor the health of the battery, parameters SOC (State of Charge) and SOH (State of Heath) are introduced. The existing methods to calculate these parameters use impedance monitoring based approach which requires an expensive current sensor. This paper describes a smart algorithm and the experimental verification of the algorithm that uses only voltage values for predicting the failure of the battery. The voltage waveforms during a cranking event is studied by the ECU (Engine Control Unit) and the health of the battery is determined based on it. A parameter, SOH measure is obtained from the algorithm and the value of this parameter reduces with increase in life of the battery. If the value of the SOH measure reduces below a threshold, then the failure of the battery is predicted before the actual failure. The algorithm is validated with the help of real time data obtained from the vehicles. This method of calculating the SOH is resourceful and cost-effective as it exploits the data that’s already available in the ECU namely battery voltage and ambient temperature. Thus, it does not warrant an addition of sensor to the system in place.
Thermal Modelling of Battery Pack of an Electric Vehicle using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Bokam Bokam Surya Sashikanth , Reddy Ch. Sainath , Ravi K
Published: June 2022

As Today, conventional engines are being replaced by electric vehicles due to environmental concerns and concern about the exhaustion of fossil fuels. Li-ion cells are often used in EV’s because of their high energy density. The thermal behaviour of the batteries is crucial not only for safety operation but also for their capacity and life. This article focusses primarily on the effect of inclusion of conductive material and conditioned air on the battery module. A three-dimensional flow and thermal analysis of an air-cooled module that contains prismatic lithium-ion cells fitted in aluminum structure. The flow and thermal simulation is carried out at the peak discharge of the batteries i.e. 2C rating [17] using a commercial CFD package. The results are compared with the base line model analysis which is performed with same parameters. The temperature is decreased by 7.2oC on average for the addition of fins to the battery module. The increased load on the AC unit is calculated as well when the air is directed to battery module and sufficient modifications for the system are suggested.
A Systematic Approach to Evaluation of Various Cooling Strategies for EV Battery Pack Prismatic Cell using Analytical and Numerical Methods
Authors: Dol Yogesh P , Anami Vivek , Jaju Yogesh
Published: June 2022

Technology to maximize energy density and life of Lithium-ion batteries at a gradually reducing cost is evolving day by day. Fast charging of the battery pack has become one of the major requirements of electric vehicles. Such a requirement invariably poses certain challenges to the cells of the EV battery pack. One of them is to achieve an efficient and an optimal thermal management of the battery pack to maintain uniform operating temperature of the cells and within the manufacturers’ allowable range to ultimately increase the lifespan and reliability of the battery pack. The current work discusses the design strategies of cell cooling, heat load estimation & features of different cooling strategies. A MS Excel spreadsheet-based design tool was developed to quickly estimate the cell temperature gradient. The results from the spreadsheet-based tool, which was based on fundamental equations, correlated well with 3D CFD simulation results. The results were analysed and the cooling strategy for the battery pack was decided based on the analytical and numerical values obtained from the analysis of various cell parameters.
Analytical Modeling and Thermal Insulation of Insulating Material
Authors: Faizan A Shakh  , R. S. Hosmath  , P. P. Revankar
Published: June 2022

The study focuses on heat transfer through an insulating material using various methods followed by adopting glass wool, calcium silicate and asbestos. Heat transfer is one of the important areas of engineering applications and it is growing day to day in various other fields such as automobile, industrial and power plants where the efficiency is dependent on temperature. One can easily understand the flow of heat and can solve and analyze the flow of heat in an unusual situation. Since the use of software is useful, one can easily understand the problem and can get results faster which is very helpful in today’s world. The research carried out is to explain briefly how the rate of heat transfer increases gradually up to some extent and the layers on it is observed as constant straight line. The cost of insulating material can be reduced and for assembling the part, the space can be minimized. The temperature distribution of cylindrical pipe is analyzed in this work. Three various insulating materials is used and solved by thermal resistance method and finite difference method using Taylor series approximation. The modeling and simulation of cylindrical pipe is obtained by the software known as Ansys Workbench 2021 R1 and the results are drawn.
Design, Simulation and Analysis of Components for Electric Auto Conversion
Authors: Basil John  , M. P. Prajul  , Jesvin Varughese Jose  , K. Sujay  , P. C. Jayadevan
Published: June 2022

In this paper we discuss the design, simulation and analysis of an electric conversion kit which would be able to convert an IC engine auto rickshaw to a pure electric vehicle. Retrofitting an old auto rickshaw not only eliminates the tailpipe emission from the vehicle but also helps to reduce the carbon footprint involved in manufacturing a new vehicle. For the purpose of understanding demands for an auto rickshaw to run in Indian city roads and towns we’ve conducted a survey among 33 auto rickshaw drivers from 3 different towns in Kerala which helped us to identify the most commonly used auto rickshaw model, and requirements for an auto taxi such as range for battery, power required for motor and other modifications that have to be carried out. And from the results we have designed a battery pack according to the requirements and a mounting plate which mounts the motor and the transmission to the frame of the vehicle and simulated a linear static load test on the mounting plate and a thermal analysis on the cell of the battery pack, an air cooling system for the battery pack was also designed to prevent thermal runaway of the cells during high loads. CAD designs and its simulations were done with the help of Fusion 360 and Altair Hyperworks.
Failure Analysis of Front Axle Wheel Studs in Small Commercial Vehicles
Authors: Mahadevan Pichandi  , Jagadeesh Selvaraj
Published: June 2022

Irrespective of specific applications, the Small Commercial Vehicles (SCV) are always subjected to severe working conditions, especially the front wheels experience higher loads than design intended due to higher overloading by customers, driver abuse and frequent brake applications. The front axle wheels fasten system plays a key role for safety of the vehicle and pedestrian. The wheel separation can lead to serious injuries to passengers of the vehicle and pedestrian or from another vehicle maneuvering including fatalities. In this project investigation, the causes that promote failure of front axle wheels fasten system and subsequent wheels separation of SCV is analyzed carefully. Metallurgical analysis of the failed fasten system shows that it is characterized by a series of synergetic steps that include plastic deformation of nuts and studs caused due to disproportionate torque tightening practices. Also, the effect of other external factors that lead to deterioration of stud fatigue life such as road camber and driver abuse are analyzed. Based on this promise, the present investigation deals with detailed analysis of the root causes contributing such failures are analyzed and discussed in this paper. This study would help the fellow designers to select optimized fastening system considering all the parameters influencing wheel separation due to stud failures for SCV, passenger vehicles and heavy duty trucks.
SIX-SIGMA GUIDELINES TO IMPROVE INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IN A BOTTLING COMPANY
Authors: Caballero-Morales Santiago-Omar , Bonilla-Enriquez Gladys
Published: June 2022

Warehousing allows timely distribution of goods between suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, and end customers. Thus, its optimal performance is crucial for the global supply chain. While there are methodologies to accomplish its optimal performance, few practical cases are reported in the specialized literature. This work describes the implementation of Six-Sigma to improve the warehousing operations associated to inventory management in an international bottling company in Mexico. This was performed through the DMAIC methodology with the following qualitative and quantitative tools: 5WH1, Root Cause Analysis, Ishikawa Diagram, SIPOC, and the 5 Why’s. After a three-month implementation plan, the improved inventory policies reduced stockout/overstock risks, order rejection rates, warehouse saturation, loading/unloading maneuvers, unsuitable storing practices, and increased distribution fleet utilization. These improvements implicated expected annual savings of approximately $4.0M, which can be increased if other processes beyond warehousing such as route and location planning are considered. The implementation details contribute to the limited case studies literature that can support the application to solve warehousing problems in other industries.
The Implementation of REST API in Multi-Platform Software Development for Food and Beverage Learning Application
Authors: Ramadhan Randy , Syahidin Yuda
Published: June 2022

This website-based food and beverage learning application is an educational application about food and drink. The problem was that information was more often accessed on smartphone devices, such as Android. The research method used was quantitative, so this research provides a concrete value for the optimal implementation of the REST API. The result obtained was that the website-based REST API application worked on multi-platform devices. With the implementation of this REST API, various devices can communicate with each other with the same source and data, so it does not cause multiple databases to store information.
Methanol-Gasoline Fuel Effectiveness Analysis Study
Authors: Arif Setyo Nugroho
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of adding methanol to the methanol-gasoline fuel mixture. It was hoped that the addition of methanol improves the performance of the four-stroke two-wheeled engine, considering that methanol has a better octane rating than gasoline and is more environmentally friendly. The fuels used were pure gasoline and a mixture of methanol-gasoline of M5, M10, M15, M20, M25, and M30. The study used a type of 100cc four-stroke two-wheeled motor fuel. The data collected includes the motor torque, motor power, and fuel consumption. In the research, the M20 fuel produced the highest torque of 7.32 Nm at 5500 rpm. The maximum power obtained from the engine was 6.8 HP at 7000 rpm rotation using M15 fuel. Increasing the concentration of oxygen in the fuel can lead to better combustion quality. The addition of methanol will increase the oxygen concentration in the fuel and cause the calorific value of the fuel mixture to decrease.
System Design: Data Flow Diagrams of Sales Process, a Case Study of CV. Jatayu Catra Internusa
Authors: Lila Setiyani  , Evelyn Tjandra
Published: June 2022

This study aims to analyze the flow of sales transaction data. The data flow is modeled using a data flow diagram. The procedure carried out for data flow analysis began by interviews with staff who handle sales, then proceeded to identify entities and documents that go in and out of these entities, then modelled the data flow into data flow diagrams, and taking into account the rules on data flow diagram modeling. The results of this study are data flow diagram modeling of sales transaction that can be used to perform advanced system models such as case modeling, entity relationship diagrams, and others.
Construction and validation of gastric cancer diagnosis model based on machine learning
Authors: Kong Fei , Yan Ziqin , Lan Ning , Wang Pinxiu , Fan Shanlin , Yuan Wenzhen
Published: June 2022

Aim: To screen differentially expressed genes related to gastric cancer based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and construct a gastric cancer diagnosis model by machine learning.
Methods: Transcriptional data, genomic data, and clinical information of gastric cancer tissues and non-gastric cancer tissues were downloaded from the TCGA database, and differentially expressed genes of gastric cancer messenger RNA (mRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) were screened out. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyzed the differentially expressed genes, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) of differentially expressed genes was constructed. Core differentially expressed genes were screened by Cytoscape software’s molecular complex detection (MCODE) plug-in. The differential genes of lncRNA were analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis and lasso regression for further dimension reduction to obtain the core genes. The core genes were screened by machine learning to construct the gastric cancer diagnosis model. The efficiency of the gastric cancer diagnosis model was verified externally by the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.
Results: Finally, 10 genes including long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1821 (LINC01821), AL138826.1, AC022164.1, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor D1-antisense RNA 1 (ADGRD1-AS1), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), kinesin family member 11 (KIF11), Aurora kinase B (AURKB), cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 (NUSAP1), and TTK protein kinase (TTK) were screened as gastric cancer diagnostic model genes. After efficiency analysis, it was found that the random forest algorithm model had the best comprehensive evaluation, with an accuracy of 92% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9722, which was more suitable for building a gastric cancer diagnosis model. The GSE54129 data set was used to verify the gastric cancer diagnosis model with an AUC of 0.904, indicating that the gastric cancer diagnosis model had high accuracy.
Conclusions: Machine learning can simplify the bioinformatics analysis process and improve efficiency. The core gene discovered in this study is expected to become a gene chip for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.
Asynchronous Machine with Wind Turbine IRFO Control
Authors: Alazrag A. , Sbita L.
Published: June 2022

The paper deals with a squirrel cage induction generator connected to the grid through a back-to-back converter driven by vector control. The stator-side converter controls the generator torque by means of an indirect vector control scheme. In order to reduce the system dependence from the mechanical system behavior, a torque loop is used in the current reference calculations. The battery energy storage system (BESS) plays a fundamental role in controlling and improving the efficiency of renewable energy sources. Stochasticity of wind speed and reliability of the main system components are considered. The grid-side converter controls the DC bus voltage and the reactive power in order to accomplish the grid codes. Speed control using flow directional control, indirect conventionally uses proportional integral (PI) type current regulators, which achieve satisfactory objectives on torque and flow dynamics. The objective of this article is to present an indirect vector control strategy with oriented rotor flux using current regulators of the proportional integral (PI) type, applied to an asynchronous machine supplied by a voltage inverter, capable of supplying during restrictive stresses, more satisfactory torque and flux responses. The obtained simulation results upon simulation tests of the global system are developed under the MATLAB / Simulink environment and are satisfactory.
Models for IMPATT Diode Analysis and Optimization
Authors: Zemliak Alexander
Published: June 2022

Some of nonlinear models for high-power pulsed IMPATT diode simulation and analysis is presented. These models are suitable for the analysis of the different operational modes of the oscillator. Its take into account the main electric and thermal phenomena in the semiconductor structure and the functional dependence of the equation coefficients on the electrical field and temperature. The first model is a precise one, which describes all important electrical phenomena on the basis of the continuity equations and Poisson equation and it is correct until 300 GHz. The second approximate mathematical model suitable for the analysis of IMPATT diode stationary operation oscillator and for optimization of internal structure of the diode. This model is based on the continuity equation system solution by reducing the boundary problem for the differential partial equations to a system of the ordinary differential equations. The temperature distribution in the semiconductor structure is obtained using the special thermal model of the IMPATT diode, which is based on the numerical solution of the non-linear thermal conductivity equation. The described models can be applied for analysis, optimization and practical design of pulsed-mode millimetric IMPATT diodes. Its can be also utilized for diode thermal regime estimation, for the proper selection of feed-pulse shape and amplitude, and for the development of the different type of complex doping-profile high-power pulsed millimetric IMPATT diodes with improved characteristics.
Robust Iterative Learning Control Algorithm for Lower Limb Rehabilitation Proactive Human-robot Collaboration
Authors: Xian Jingpinhg Ging , Herve Samba Aime
Published: June 2022

At present, the motion control algorithms of lower limb exoskeleton robots have errors in tracking the desired trajectory of human hip and knee joints, which leads to poor follow-up performance of the human-machine system. Therefore, an iterative learning control algorithm is proposed to track the desired trajectory of human hip and knee joints. In this paper, the experimental platform of lower limb exoskeleton rehabilitation robot is built, and the control system software and hardware design and robot prototype function test are carried out. On this basis, a series of experiments are carried out to verify the rationality of the robot structure and the feasibility of the control method. Firstly, the dynamic model of the lower limb exoskeleton robot is established based on the structure analysis of the human lower limb; secondly, the servo control model of the lower limb exoskeleton robot is established based on the iterative learning control algorithm; finally, the exponential gain closed-loop system is designed by using MATLAB software. The relationship between convergence speed and spectral radius is analyzed, and the expected trajectory of hip joint and knee joint is obtained. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the gait tracking accuracy of the lower limb exoskeleton robot and improve the follow-up performance of the human-machine system.
La cuestión de la identidad en el Derecho Internacional, Europeo y Comparado: por una visión relacional del Derecho
Authors: Lazari Antonio
Published: June 2022

Ante la continua batalla identitaria que marca el camino del principio del siglo XXI, este trabajo propone una actualización del concepto filosófico, político y jurídico de la identidad nacional, históricamente forjada en la era del Estado nación cerrado. Mediante el prisma del derecho internacional y comparado se propone una teoría de la(s) identidad(es) basada(s) en una revisión de las identidades jurídicas del Derecho del siglo XXI. La renovación cognitiva generará una concepción de identidades jurídicas más complejas y porosas. Frente a la construcción del sujeto jurídico occidental basado en la exclusión e imposición tanto en la esfera del derecho internacional como de la metodología comparada, se asoma en el escenario supranacional una visión de identidad que se plasma no por oposición (Aut/Aut), sino mediante la relación con el Otro: es el paradigma europeo. Mediante el estudio relacional de los valores de la Unión (art. 2 TUE), de las tradiciones constitucionales comunes a los Estados miembros en la Unión Europea (art. 6.2 TUE) y de la propia identidad nacional (art. 4.2 TUE), propondremos una profunda renovación de los instrumentos metodológicos pertenecientes a estas dos disciplinas con el fin de crear un nuevo sujeto jurídico relacional y forjar una relación dialéctica (no ya de yuxtaposición, sino) de convivencia con el Otro
La dimensión cultural en la formación de enseñantes de español para inmigrantes
Authors: Rubio Manríquez Manuel , Rubio Martín Raquel
Published: June 2022

El propósito de este trabajo es caracterizar el rol de la dimensión cultural desde la perspectiva del desarrollo de la competencia intercultural, experimentado por un grupo de estudiantes universitarios que enseñan español como lengua extranjera a inmigrantes adultos de diferentes nacionalidades. La investigación se basa en el análisis cualitativo de las experiencias docentes de este grupo de monitores, mediante el proceso de reflexión sobre la acción e identificación de incidentes críticos para construir conocimiento pedagógico compartido. Como resultado se identifica en los monitores un cambio en la concepción estática de la cultura que inicialmente expresaban, una relativización de la cultura propia y el perfilamiento de una idea de la cultura como un elemento dinámico, que se reconfigura mediante el diálogo en un marco de reconocimiento mutuo y empático.
Spatio-temporal analysis of climatic factors of the Ob River runoff formation
Authors:   Murmansk Marine Biological Institute RAS, Bulavina A.S.
Published: June 2022

The analysis of the influence of climatic factors on fluctuations in the flow of the Ob River is carried out. Based on the analysis of long-term series of annual and seasonal runoff of the Ob and differential integral curves, the phases of change in river flow ar e revealed. Spatial features of changes in precipitation and air temperature in different periods of water content have been studied. Mathematical and statistical processing of cartographic images made it possible to identify areas of the predominant influence of various climatic factors on the volume of river flow. The areas of the basin where climatic fluctuations had the greatest impact on the change in the Ob River flow in 1930–2017 have been identified. One of these areas is confined to the basin of the Tobol River, the second is adjacent to the Ob and Yenisei watershed. It is shown that the increase in winter water runoff is largely due to fluctuations in precipitation and air temperature. It is impossible to completely exclude the impact of permafrost degradation on the volume of Ob runoff, but it is obvious this factor is not significant.
Helminthofauna gammarid Gammarus oceanicus and Gammarus duebeni of the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea
Authors:   Murmansk Marine Biological Institute RAS, Plaksina M.Р. , Kuklina M.M. ,   Murmansk Marine Biological Institute RAS
Published: June 2022

The results of a parasitological examination of Gammaridae (Gammarus oceanicus and Gammarus duebeni) collected in May–July 2021 on the littoral of the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea (Pechenga Bay, Teriberskaya Bay, Yarnyshnaya Bay, Ivanovskaya Bay) are presented. It was found that the helminthofauna of gammarids includes larval stages of 6 helminth species (metacercariaes of trematodes Podocotyle atomon and Podocotyle reflexa, cysticercoids of cestodes Microsomacantus sp., larvaes of nematodes Spiruridae and acanthellas of the acanthocephalan Polymorphus phippsi and Echinorhynchus gadi). Metacercariaes of trematodes Podocotyle atomon infect both gammarusids species regardless of their habitat. Comparative analysis has shown that in amphipods from the Pechenga Bay area near the salmon farm, the helminthofauna is represented by parasites whose life cycle takes place using marine fish as the final host only – Podocotyle atomon, Echinorhynchus gadi. A correlation between the quantitative parameters of invasion by Podocotyle atomon trematode metacercariaes and the salinity of water in the collection areas was established.
Rumah Tahan Gempa Berkonstruksi Bambu Sebagai Metode Mitigasi Bencana Masyarakat Garut
Authors: Mamur Ramdani  , Aulia Nisa Alifah  , Eldi Mulyana
Published: June 2022

Kondisional wilayah Garut yang memungkinkan memiliki tingkat kerentanan terhadap bencana alam seperti letusan gunung berapi, gempa bumi, tsunami, dan tanah longsor. Garut kaya akan sumber daya alam terutama di bidang pertanian dan perkebunan seperti sayuran, teh dan lain-lain. Selain itu Garut juga memiliki potensi besar akan kehutanan, salah satunya adalah Bambu. Salah satu daerah yang kaya akan potensi bambu adalah Kecamatan Selaawi, yang mana masyarakat setempat menanam pohon bambu itu di setiap kebunnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi berkaitan dengan sistem sosial dan sistem perekonomian masyarakat sekitar sebagai pembuat kerajinan bambu, juga bisa digunakan sebagai rumah tahan gempa. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwasannya dapat dijadikan sebagai pencegahan bencana alam gempa karena sifatnya yang lentur dan kuat membuat bambu cocok menjadi konstruksi rumah tahan gempa. Ketika terjadi gempa bambu akan mengikuti arah getaran/guncangan gempa dan akan kembali ke posisi awal. Dengan demikian dapat menjadikan dan memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang rumah tahan gempa berkonstruksi bambu sebagai metode mitigasi bencana bagi masyarakat Garut.
Inovasi Pembelajaran IPS Melalui Adobe Animate Creative Cloud
Authors: Purnamawati Lilik , Eldi Mulyana
Published: June 2022

Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) adalah salah satu ilmu pengetahuan yang diajarkan dalam pendidikan di Indonesia. Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran IPS memiliki peran yang sangat strategis baik di tinjau dari aspek akademik maupun kepentingan berbangsa dan bernegara. dijelaskan bahwa IPS merupakan kajian yang wajib dimuat dalam kurikulum Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah yang antara lain mencakup ilmu geografi, sejarah, ekonomi, dan sosiologi yang dimaksudkan untuk mengembangkan pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan kemampuan analisis peserta didik terhadap kondisi sosial masyarakat. Pengamatan dalam kegiatan penelitian difungsikan sebagai salah satu cara untuk membawa keadaan yang nyata kepada peserta didik. Secara tidak langsung sebagai contoh nyata dari ilmu sosial yang sedang dipelajari, menerapkan dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif sehingga dapat diartikan sebagai metode yang digunakan untuk meneliti pada populasi atau sampel tertentu, pengumpulan data menggunakan intrumen penelitian, analisis data bersifat statistik, dengan tujuan untuk menguji hipotesis yang telah ditetapkan. hasil yang ditunjukkan dari suatu interaksi tindak belajar dan ditunjukkan dengan nilai tes yang diberikan oleh guru. Untuk mengukur hasil belajar peserta didik mendapatkan pengajaran yang lebih yang efektif perlu adanya inovasi terbaru dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi slah satunya dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran melalui Adobe Animate Creative Cloud. Media yang menarik dan menyenangkan dapat memberikan manfaat sehingga meningkatnya hasil belajar peserta didik dalam proses belajar. Media pembelajaran juga dapat memperjelas penyajian informasi sehingga dapat memudahkan penyerapan materi pembelajaran kepada peserta didik serta membantu para guru mengembakan pembelajaran yang lebih kreatif dan inovatif
Analisis Literasi Sains dan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa SMP pada Materi Zat Aditif dan Zat Adiktif
Authors: Inggrid Ayu Amala  , Yushardi Yushardi
Published: June 2022

Pembelajaran IPA sangat berkaitan dengan segala sesuatu yang terjadi di alam ataupun pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Kemampuan literasi sains dan pemecahan masalah pada materi zat aditif dan zat adiktif penting untuk dilakukan pada setiap kegiatan pembelajaran bab tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui literasi sains dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa SMP pada materi zat aditif dan zat adiktif siswa. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 8E dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 29 siswa. Analisis data dilakukan dari hasil tes literasi sains dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa masing-masing sebanyak 10 soal. Hasil pada penelitian ini adalah literasi sains siswa dengan persentase terbanyak adalah kriteria cukup sebesar 57,14% dan pada indikator petama mengidentifikasi pendapat ilmiah yang valid juga menjadi indikator persentase terbanyak yaitu 40%. Pada kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa keiteria dengan persentase terbanyak adalah sangat baik sebesar 62,06% dan indikator pertama yaitu memahami masalah menjadi indiaktor dengan persentase terbanyak yaitu 41,37%. Dengan demikian, maka persentase literasi sains mengalami peningkatan maka akan membuat kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa juga mengalami peningkatan.
Determinants of serum vitamin D and its metabolites and the reflection on vitamin D status in postmenopausal women: A systematic review
Authors:   Universiti Malaya, Hassanein Mohammed , Huri Hasniza , Abduelkarem Abduelmula R
Published: June 2022

Review question / Objective: What are the factors that affect vitamin D metabolism and status in post-menopausal women? Condition being studied: Menopause: Menopause is defined as permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian follicular activity. The occurrence of the last menstruation can only be diagnosed retrospectively and is usually taken as being final if it is followed by a 12-month bleed-free interval; such women are defined as being post-menopausal. Information sources: MEDLINE (by PubMed), Embase (by OvidSP), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Google Scholar, Web of Science Core Collection, ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN registry, EU Clinical Trials Register.
Breast metastases from ovarian cancer
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Bacalbasa Nicolae ,   Department of Visceral Surgery, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Balescu Irina ,   Department of Visceral Surgery, Ponderas Academic Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Stoica Claudia ,   Department of Anatomy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Surgery, Ilfov County Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Martac Cristina ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Varlas Valentin ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Voichitoiu Andrei ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Alessandrescu-Rusescu” National Institute of Mother and Child Care, Bucharest, Romania, Pop Lucian ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Alessandrescu-Rusescu” National Institute of Mother and Child Care, Bucharest, Romania, Petrea Sorin ,   Department of Surgery, “Dr. I. Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Vilcu Mihaela ,   Department of Surgery, “Dr. I. Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Brezean Iulian ,   Department of Surgery, “Dr. I. Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: June 2022

Ovarian cancer represents one of the most aggressive malignancies which is characterized by a high capacity of spread via multiple pathways such as lymphatic, peritoneal and hematogenous route, the most commonly encountered sites for metastatic lesions being represented by lung, liver, peritoneum and lymph nodes. In extremely rare cases breast metastases with ovarian origin have been reported. In such cases different therapeutic strategies have been proposed; however the overall prognosis remains extremely poor, the presence of metastatic lesions at this level being usually the sign of disseminated disease.
Indocyanine green utility in uterine transplantation
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Bacalbasa Nicolae ,   Department of Visceral Surgery, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Balescu Irina ,   Department of Visceral Surgery, Ponderas Academic Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Varlas Valentin ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Martac Cristina ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Pantea Ileana ,   Department of Diabetes and Nutrition, Transilvania University Brasov, Romania, Vilcu Mihaela ,   Department of Surgery, “Dr. I. Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Brezean Iulian ,   Department of Surgery, “Dr. I. Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Ciulcu Alexandru ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Dr. I. Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: June 2022

The role of indocyanine green has been widely studied so far and numerous applications and benefits have been demonstrated. Therefore, the wide implementation of the method allowed a real time visualization of the vascular and lymphatic branches which should be preserved during different procedures in order to minimize the risk of postoperative complications. In the last years the method has been also proposed in order to achieve a real time visualization of uterine arteries during uterine transplantation, and therefore to maximize the chances of success of this demanding procedure. The aim of the current paper is to discuss about the utility of indocyanine green injection during uterine transplantation.
Numerical Analysis of a Planar O Micromixer with Obstacles
Authors: Mahmud Md. Readul
Published: June 2022

Passive mixers rely on the channel geometry to mix fluids and mixing depends primarily on diffusion.  However, many previously reported designs either work efficiently only at moderate to high Reynolds numbers (Re) or require a complex 3D channel geometry that is often difficult to fabricate. In this paper, we report the design, simulation, and characterization of a planar O passive microfluidic mixer with two types of obstacles to enhance mixing performance. Numerical investigation on mixing and flow structures in microchannels is carried out using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS 15 for a wide range of Reynolds numbers from 1 to 200. The results show that the O mixer with obstacles has far better mixing performance than the O mixer without obstacles. The reason is that fluid path length becomes longer due to the presence of obstacles which gives fluids more time to diffuse. For all cases, the O mixer with circular & fin obstacles have 3 times more efficient compared to the O mixer without obstacles. It is also clear that efficiency increase with axial length as expected. Efficiency can be simply improved by adding extra mixing units to provide adequate mixing. The value of the pressure drop is the lowest for the O mixer because there is no obstacle inside the channel. However, the O mixer with circular & fin obstacles has the lowest mixing cost, an important characteristic for integration into complex, cascading microfluidic systems, which makes it the most cost-effective mixer. Due to the simple planar structure and low mixing cost, it can be easily realized and integrated into devices for various macromixing applications.
Effects of rotary brush active application on enamel etching patterns of self-etch adhesive systems
Authors: Ayar Muhammet Kerim
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of rotary brush active application technique on the ultramorphological changes induced by self-etching adhesive systems on ground enamel.

Materials and methods: Three application methods were deployed: (1) passive application; (2) manual active application; (3) rotary-brush active application. Two self-etching adhesive systems were used: (1) Optibond All-in-one; (2) Nova Combo Plus. Acid-etching of the ground enamel surface with phosphoric acid was used as control. Labial surfaces of bovine incisors were separated into four pieces. One of three application methods including phosphoric acid-etching was used to apply one of self-etch adhesive systems to enamel surface of each enamel piece respectively. Treated enamel samples were then processed for evaluation under scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Results: SEM findings showed that acid-etching completely removed the smear layer from the ground enamel surface. None of the active application techniques, however, were able to eliminate the smear layers.

Conclusions: Active application of self-etch adhesives to enamel with a rotary brush may not have an effect on the interaction of the tested self-etch adhesives with smear layers on the enamel surface.
Evaluation of paranasal anatomical variations with multidetector CT in Turkish population
Authors: Doğan Emrah , Kilinç Mihriban Rabia
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aim: The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of the paranasal sinus (PNS) variations/aspects of healthy population in Turkey with multidetector computed tomography and to evaluate the relationship of these variations/aspects with each other and difference according to gender and side.

Materials and methods: Twenty-four different PNS variations/aspects of 234 healthy patients and a total of 468 bilateral sides were evaluated. Patients were compared with Pearson’s chi-squared test (χ2) according to gender and side. Also, all variations were compared with each other in the same way, and correlated variations were found (p<0.05 was considered significant).

Results: The prevalence of prominent aspects of PNS are as following: tuberculum septi nasi anterior (TSNA) in 93.6%, ethmoid bulla (EB) in 72.65%, nasal deviation (ND) in 65.4%, agger nasi cell (AG) in 63.25% of the patients. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of gender and between right and left sides. P-values of correlated variations/aspects were: EB/uncinate process type (UPT) 2: 0.001; ND/concha bullosa (CB): 0.03; AG/Onodi cell (OC): 0.04; uncinate process deviation (UPD)/maxillary hypoplasia (MH): 0.04.

Conclusions: The most common aspects were TSNA, EB, ND, and AG. The percentages of these anatomical structures mentioned above are far too high to be classified as a variation. They can be described as basic anatomical structures or dominant aspects. There was no difference in the incidence of variations according to gender or side, but significant correlations were found between EB and UPT 2, between ND and CB, between AG and OC, and between MH and UPD.
Scurvy: an often misdiagnosed condition in the modern days?
Authors: Gnoni Martin , Beas Renato , Grewal Ravleen , Díaz-Pardavé Celeste , Osterbur Jacob
Published: June 2022

Scurvy is a rare disease in developed countries and few cases have been reported in adults within the last years. We aimed to report and discuss a case of a 35-year-old male with a medical history of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) who initially presented to the emergency department with complaints of right leg pain, swelling, and weakness. Physical exam revealed low degree fever associated with right knee and ankle ecchymosis and edema, in addition to a well healing laceration on the anterior tibia with hyperpigmentation. Laboratory results showed elevated inflammatory markers. Due to the high suspicion of bone or soft tissue infection, antibiotic treatment was started without improvement. Upon reassessment and closer inspection of the skin, the patient was noted to have follicular hyperkeratosis and perifollicular hemorrhage; that in combination with a restrictive diet due to IBS, raised the suspicion of scurvy. Vitamin C levels were <5 µmol/L confirming the diagnosis. The patient received intravenous vitamin C showing significant improvement and was discharged home a few days after with oral vitamin C supplementation. In conclusion, scurvy should still be suspected as a diagnostic possibility in the modern days, especially in patients with restrictive dietary patterns. Prompt management of this entity leads to favourable outcomes and prevents further complications.
The distribution of the critically endangered salamander Paradactylodon (Afghanodon) mustersi (Smith, 1940) in Afghanistan
Authors: Ayobi Ahmad Samim , Masroor Rafaqat , Basit Abdul , Jablonski Daniel
Published: June 2022

The Afghanistan Mountain Salamander, Paradactylodon (Afghanodon) mustersi (Smith, 1940), is an evolutionary old species, listed as Critically Endangered by IUCN Red List. The species is endemic to the Hindu Kush mountain range with records from only a few localities from four central-eastern Afghan provinces (Kabul, Ghazni, Parwan, and Wardak). Due to the long-term complicated political situation in the country which makes zoological research almost impossible, the current distribution and the presence of P. mustersi at previously known localities has remained unassessed for 40 years. We carried out recent, sporadic surveys between 2017 and 2021 to detect P. mustersi in three tributaries of the Paghman stream on the southern slopes of the Hindu Kush Mountains and the two nearby provinces (Panjsheer and Parwan), where the presence of the species was expected. We confirmed the occurrence of P. mustersi at all survey sites, and present the first record of the species for Panjsheer Province. We also confirmed that the species is currently endangered by human-mediated factors like habitat disturbance (increased visitors attendance, water pollution, construction activities), especially in the Paghman area.
Three new exotic species of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) for Madeira, with comments on its myrmecofauna
Authors: Guillem Rhian , Bensusan Keith
Published: June 2022

Three new exotic species of ants are recorded for the Macaronesian island of Madeira:Cardiocondyla obscuriorWheeler, 1929,Lepisiota capensis(Mayr, 1862) andPheidole navigansForel, 1901. The well-known invasivePheidole megacephalais now rare on Madeira, possibly because of competition withP. navigans. We did not come across the Argentine ant –Linepithema humile, which was once very common in the Funchal area. Despite extensive searching, the presumed endemicTemnothorax wollastoni(Donisthorpe, 1940) remains unknown other than from the type material. Presence, abundance and extinction of invasive and exotic ants are dynamic processes and we stress the importance of continuous sampling.