bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coverage Assessment for Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition in Rural and Urban Ghana: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Apenkwa Joana , Newton Sam K , Amponsah Samuel Kofi , Osei-Antwi Reuben , Nakua Emmanuel , Edusei Anthony K. , Otupiri Easmon
Published: July 2020

Background
Ghana for years has implemented the Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) among children in order to reduce malnutrition prevalence. However, the prevalence of malnutrition remains high. This study aimed to determine coverage levels of CMAM in Ahafo Ano South (AAS), a rural district, and Kumasi Subin sub-metropolis (KSSM), an urban district.
Methods
The study was a cross-sectional comparative study with a mixed-methods approach. In all, 497 mother/caregiver and child under-five pairs were surveyed using a quantitative approach while qualitative methods were used to study 25 service providers and 40 mother/ caregivers who did not participate in the quantitative survey. Four types of coverage indicators were assessed: point coverage (defined as the number of Severe Acute Malnutrition cases [SAM] in treatment divided by total number of Severe Acute Malnutrition cases in the study district), geographical coverage (defined as total number of health facilities delivering treatment for SAM divided by total number of healthcare facilities in the study district), and treatment coverage (defined as children with SAM receiving therapeutic care divided by total number of SAM children in the study district) and program coverage (defined as number of SAM cases in the CMAM programme ÷ Number of SAM cases that should be in the programme). The qualitative approach was used to support the assessment of the coverage indicators. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14, and Atlas.ti, version 7.5.
Results
Treatment coverage in the urban and rural districts were 73% and 6% respectively. Geographically, only 6% of the facilities in the urban communities were participating in the CMAM programme as against 29% in rural district facilities. The two districts had point coverage of 81% and 71% for the urban and rural districts respectively. The number of children enrolled in CMAM was higher among the AAS respondents when compared with KSSM; 56.9% and 90% respectively. The qualitative approach showed that coverage improvement in both districts is hampered by barriers such: distance, transportation cost, lack of trained personnel in the communities for community mobilization and home visits, and insufficient feeds.
Conclusion
To improve CMAM coverage, there is the need to train health workers to embark on aggressive health education strategies to encourage mothers/caregivers of malnourished children to utilize CMAM while ensuring that services reach those who need them.
Trial registration:
This study is approved and registered with The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Committee on Human Research, Ethics and Publications (CHRPE/AP/314/15)
Clinical course and challenging management of early COVID-19 infection after heart transplantation: Case report of two patients
Authors: Tchana-Sato Vincent , Ancion Arnaud , Tridetti Julien , Sakalihasan Natzi , Hayette Marie pierre , Detry Olivier , Delvenne Philippe , Amabili Philippe , Senard Marc , Hougrand Olivier , Szecel Delphine , Lavigne Jean Paul , Lowampa Elie Minga , Ponte Charlotte , Maquoi Isabelle , Morimont Philippe , Bulck Melissa Van den , Delbouille Marie helene , Defraigne Jean Olvier , Lancellotti Patrizio
Published: July 2020

Background: There are limited data on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in solid organ transplant patients and especially in heart transplant recipients with only few case reports and case series described so far. Heart transplant recipients may be at particular high risk due to their comorbidities and immunosuppressed state. Case presentation: This report describes the clinical course and the challenging management of early COVID-19 infection in two heart transplants recipients who were tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the perioperative period of the transplant procedure. The two patients developed a severe form of the disease, and ultimately died despite the initiation of an antiviral monotherapy with hydroxychloroquine coupled with the interruption of mycophenolate mofetil. Conclusions: These two cases illustrate the severity and the poor prognosis of COVID-19 in the perioperative period of a heart transplant. Thorough screening of donors and recipients is mandatory and the issue of asymptomatic carrier need to be addressed.
Pathogenesis clue from early clinical presentation of 300 hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Yu Feng , Deng Xuemei , Ni Li , Li Wei , Yan Ping , Huang Mian , Wang Xiongbiao
Published: July 2020

The global spread of COVID-19 has been lasted more than half a year. Except for the gene sequence and virus structure of SARS-CoV-2, its clinical characteristics, pathological mechanism and corresponding measures have not been fully revealed. Objective: To speculate the possible pathological mechanism from the early clinical manifestations of the patients with COVID-19. Methods: The onset symptoms, laboratory examination and CT findings on admission of 300 cases in two wards of Wuhan Third Hospital from January 28 to March 15 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There was no difference in incidence between men and women, but women were hospitalized later after onset. Upper respiratory symptoms and sputum were seldom. The incidence of fever was 71%. Blood lymphocytes count decreased significantly on admission, which was related to the severity of the disease. In the moderate type of patients, who without hypoxia, thrombocytopenia occurred in 12.37%, CRP rose in 64.43 %, BUN elevated in 20.62 %, creatinine rose in 17.53 %, D-dimer elevated in 74.74%, creatine kinase and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase elevated in 45.36% and 54.12% patients respectively. The early CT showed a small amount of infiltration in the subpleural, the lateral zone of the lung and thickening of the interlobular septum. About 5 days later, infiltration had been worse in a part of the patients, and the affected lung was negatively correlated with the lymphocyte count. Conclusion: There was no gender difference in patients with SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Alveolar cells and T lymphocytes maybe main targets of the virus and apoptosis maybe primary pathogenesis. The virus entering the lung maybe transmitted through lymph or blood channels, rather than direct diffused in the respiratory tract. Early damage of multiple organs maybe caused by immune response.
CT as a Tool to Depict Pulmonary Fibrosis in Patients With COVID-19: a Radiopathological Correlation
Authors: Alguersuari Anna , Carrasco Miguel Angel , Munné Gemma , Oliva Maria Eulalia , Simon Cristina , Bosque Maria Dolores , Martínez Melcior , Lugo Natalia , Herranz Xavier , Rovira Mariana
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVESCT findings of COVID-19 infected patients has been well described, but it it’s roll in depicting signs of fibrosis in critically ill patients remains unclear. To our knowledge, there are no radiopathological correlations of the pulmonary pathology. Exudative and proliferative diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) are the most commonly reported injury. Few studies describe fibrosis, the last phase of DAD. Our study correlates post-mortem chest US and CT findings of COVID-19 infected patients with the histopathology from biopsies taken of the lung. It focuses on the role of CT to depict fibrosis. METHODSThis is a prospective observational study of six consecutive deceased patients infected with COVID-19. Post-mortem chest CTs and US were performed within 24 hours of death. CT and US were used to obtain biopsies of different radiological patterns. Pre-mortem CT examinations were also retrospectively evaluated. RESULTSOn CT, all patients presented with extensive areas of consolidation and ground-glass opacities affecting most segments of the lung. Pleural effusion was present in all cases. Four of the patients showed signs of fibrosis. On US, subpleural consolidation, pleural thickening, and B-pattern were present.All patients showed different stages of DAD, mostly proliferative DAD. Four patients presented with fibrotic DAD, all of which had been admitted for over three weeks and correlated with the CT findings of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONIn our study, signs of fibrosis on CT show a histopathological correlation. CT may be useful to identify the group of COVID-infected patients that develop fibrosis as a marker of poor prognosis, in the late stage of the disease.
Zn-modified Li3Mg2SbO6 microwave dielectric ceramics with high quality factor
Authors: Zhang Hongyang , Liu Cheng , Shi Liang , Wang Wenwen , Xu Wenhao , Wang Gang , Zhang Xing , Zeng Rui , Zhang Huaiwu
Published: July 2020

Well-densified Li3(Mg1 − xZnx)2SbO6 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) microwave dielectric ceramics were synthesized via a two-stage sintering process. The effects of Zn2+ substitution on the microstructure and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. All samples were identified as pure phase via the XRD detection. Remarkable microwave dielectric properties with a near-zero τf value were obtained in the Li3(Mg1 − xZnx)2SbO6 (x = 0.04) sample sintered at 1325 ℃ for 5 h: εr = 7.8, Q × f = 97,719 GHz (13.4 GHz), τf =-6 ppm/℃. The high Q × f value was suggested to relate with the dense morphology and grain size effect. All experimental results indicate that the Li3(Mg1 − xZnx)2SbO6 ceramics are promising for 5G communication applications.
The prevalence of urinary tract infections in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vaisi-Raygani Aliakbar , Salari Nader , Karami Mohammad mahdi , Bokaee Shadi , Mohammadi Masoud , Jalali Rostam , Chaleshgar Maryam , Daneshkhah Alireza , Shohaimi Shamarina
Published: July 2020

Background

Urinary tract infection is the most common infection in type 2 diabetic patients. Various studies have reported different outbreaks of urinary tract infections in type 2 diabetic patients, Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infections in type 2 diabetic patients during a systematic review and meta-analysis to open windows to more detailed programs to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections in type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods

In this study, systematic review and Meta-Analysis of study data related to the prevalence of urinary tract infection in type 2 diabetic patients using keywords including: Type 2 diabetes, urinary tract infection, diabetes, prevalence, Meta-Analysis and their English equivalents in SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Google scholar, Cochrane, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (ISI) databases over the years It was mined from 1993 to 2020.In order to perform the analysis of qualified studies, the model of random effects was used and the inconsistency of studies with I2 index was investigated. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2).
Results

In a study of 15 studies with a sample size of 827,948 in Meta-Analysis, the overall prevalence of urinary tract infection in patients with type 2 diabetes was 11.5% (95% confidence interval: 7.8–16.7%). Increasing the number of years of research, the prevalence of urinary tract infections in diabetic patients of the Iranian type increased (P = 0.000), and with increasing age of participants (P = 0.000) and also with increasing sample size (P = 0.000), this prevalence decreased.
Conclusion

The results of this study show that urinary tract infections are highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes, so due to the growing prevalence of diabetes and its complications such as urinary tract infections, the need for appropriate screening programs and health care policies is becoming more apparent.
Motherhood in women with motor disability due to a rare disease: an exploratory observational study of childbirth, infant development, and mother-infant interactions
Authors: Dommergues Marc , Candilis Drina , Becerra Ludivine , Thoueille Edith , Cohen David , Viaux-Savelon Sylvie
Published: July 2020

BackgroundWomen with motor disability willing to become mothers face a double challenge: relatives or caregivers may question their ability to provide a safe environment for their child, and specialists in perinatal medicine unfamiliar with rare diseases may perceive their pregnancy as extremely risky, or feel unable to cope with such patients.Our purpose was to evaluate parenting needs, early child development and mother-infant interaction in a series of 22 pregnant women or young mothers with motor impairment due to a rare disease, followed up to 14 months postpartum.ResultsThere were 10 impairments of four limbs, 4 impairments of both lower limbs, 7 unilateral impairments, and one distal tremor; 11 genetic diseases and 11 sporadic conditions.Mean Barthel Index (BI) of self-reported independence in daily activities was 87.Social deprivation Epices score, Cutrona social support scale, Edinburg Postnatal Depression scale, and Spielberger State/Trait Anxiety Inventory were unremarkable.As for perinatal outcome, there were 4 gestational diabetes, 1 pre-eclampsia, 9 caesareans, 6 assisted and 7 spontaneous vaginal deliveries, 20 term live-births and 2 premature deliveries (35-36 weeks).Six of the 12 women independent for daily activities (BS≥90); all those with BS< 90 reported to be dependent for at least one parenting activity.Distribution of the Brunet-Lezine child development score was normal. Parent-infant relationship global assessment scale (PIR-GAS) was well adapted in 2 cases, adapted in 8, perturbed in 7, significantly perturbed in 2, and distressed in 3 (mean 71.8; 95% CI 49.6-93.9). This was unrelated to any somatic or emotional characteristics of the participants. Coding interactive behavior revealed that infant engagement was lower and infant avoidance greater than in controls (p<0.05).ConclusionInfant development was normal, but mother-infant interaction altered in half of participants independently from the degree of motor impairment, underscoring need for parenting support. Disability due to rare diseases or rare conditions requires compensation for parenting even for a parent independent in daily activities.
Different Patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic across Italian Regions: a Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components approach
Authors: Maugeri Andrea , Barchitta Martina , Basile Guido , Agodi Antonella
Published: July 2020

Italy has experienced the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which spread at different times and with different intensities throughout its territory. We aimed to identify clusters with similar epidemic patterns across Italian regions. To do that, we defined a set of regional indicators reflecting different domains and employed a hierarchical clustering on principal component approach to obtain an optimal cluster solution. As of 24 April 2020, Lombardy was the worst hit Italian region and entirely separated from all the others. Sensitivity analysis - by excluding data from Lombardy - partitioned the remaining regions into four clusters. Although cluster 1 (i.e. Veneto) and 2 (i.e. Piedmont and Emilia-Romagna) included the most hit regions beyond Lombardy, this partition reflected differences in the efficacy of restrictions and testing strategies. Cluster 3 was heterogeneous and comprised regions where the epidemic started later and/or where it spread with the lowest intensity. Regions within cluster 4 were those where the epidemic started slightly after Veneto, Emilia-Romagna and Piedmont, favoring timely adoption of control measures. Our findings provide policymakers with a snapshot of the epidemic in Italy, which might help guiding the adoption of countermeasures in accordance with the situation at regional level.
Novel uses of three-parameter logistic models and first-derivative models for the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the United States, in three distinct scenarios
Authors: Samuel Bishoy T.
Published: July 2020

Background Forecasting the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the United States necessitates novel mathematical models for accurate predictions. This paper examines novel uses of three-parameter logistic models and first-derivative models through three distinct scenarios that have not been examined in the literature as of July 14, 2020. Methods Using publicly available data, statistical software was used to conduct a non-linear least-squares estimate to generate a three-parameter logistic model, with a subsequently generated first-derivative model. In the first scenario a logistic model was used to examine the natural log of COVID-19 cases as the dependent variable (versus day number), on July 11 and May 1. Independent t-test analyses were used to test comparative coefficient differences across models. In the second scenario, a first-derivative model was derived from a base three-parameter logistic model for April 27, examining time to peak mortality and decrease in case fatality rate. In the third scenario, a first-derivative model of mortality through July 11 as the dependent variable, versus confirmed cases, was generated to look at case fatality rate relative to increasing cases. Results All models generated were statistically significant with R2 > 99%. The logistic models in the first scenario best predicted time to growth deceleration in the natural log of cases in the U.S. (slowing of exponential growth), estimated at March 11, 2020. For the May 1 data, independent t-test analyses of comparative coefficients across models were useful to track improvements from implemented public health measures. The first-derivative model in the second scenario on April 27, when the epidemic was more controlled, showed peak mortality around April 12-13, with a case fatality rate of < 1,000 deaths and trending down. The first-derivative model in the third scenario estimated a near-zero case fatality rate to occur at 4 million confirmed cases. It has not been affected by fluctuations in mortality from June 29 through July 11. Conclusion Three-parameter logistic models and first-derivative models have utility in predicting time to growth deceleration, and case fatality rates relative to cases. They can objectively assess improvements of implemented epidemiologic measures and have applicable public health safety implications.
A Network Pharmacology Study to Uncover the Multiple Molecular Mechanism of the Chinese Patent Medicine Toujiequwen Granules in the Treatment of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Yang Baoyu , Wang Haozhen , Lu Chen , Ma Zhenzhong , Li Yang , Lu Ziyin , Lu Xiuli , Gao Bing
Published: July 2020

Since the outbreak of the novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected by SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019, clinical specific antiviral drugs have been lacking. A Chinese patent medicine called ‘Toujiequwen Granules’ has been promoted in the treatment of COVID-19. The present study was designed to reveal the molecular mechanism of Toujiequwen Granules against COVID-19. A network pharmacological method was applied to screen the main active ingredients of Tongjiequwen Granules. Network analysis of 149 active ingredients and 330 drug targets showed the most active ingredients interacting with many drug targets are quercetin., drug targets most affected by the active ingredients are PTGS2, PTGS1, and DPP4. Drug target disease enrichment analysis showed drug targets are significantly enriched in cardiovascular diseases, digestive tract diseases and so forth. An ‘active ingredient-target-disease’ network showed that 57 active ingredients from Toujiequwen Granules, interact with 15 key targets of coronary pneumonia. There are 53 ingredients that can act on DPP4, suggesting that DPP4 may become a potential new key target for the treatment of COVID-19. The GO analysis results showed that key targets were mainly enriched in the cellular response to lipopolysaccharide, cytokine activity and other functions. KEGG analysis showed they were mainly concentrated in viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptors endocrine resistance pathway, and others. These evidences suggest that Toujiequwen Granules might play an effective role through improving the symptoms of underlying diseases in patients with COVID-19 and multi-target interventions against multiple signaling pathways related to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
Characteristics of retracted systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the biomedical literature
Authors: TAO WANG , Yong-Hong Lei , Xing Qin-Rui
Published: July 2020

The number of retracted reviews, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, in the biomedical literature has increased dramatically in recent years. There has not yet been a systematic study to clarify the characteristics of retracted reviews. Present study determined trends in biomedical reviews, particularly with respect to reasons for retraction and geographical origin. Reviews were collated from Medline and Cochrane Library searches. Reasons for retraction were catalogued based on information retrieved via PubMed, Google, and journal websites. A total of 171 retracted non-Cochrane reviews and 439 Cochrane reviews were included. The most common reasons for retraction of non-Cochrane reviews were invalid review (n = 70), error (n = 36), and plagiarism (n = 20). Chinese authors produced a distinctively large number of reviews retracted for a faked review process and most retracted meta-analyses from areas of biochemistry molecular biology, oncology, genetics heredity and etc. Cochrane review retraction reasons included principally updating issues (n = 382), errors (n = 26), and sponsorship policy issues (n = 13). The number of retracted reviews in the biomedical literature, especially from Chinese authors, has surged since 2005. The major reasons for these retractions were related to updating among Cochrane systematic reviews but were related to misconduct among non-Cochrane systematic reviews. The present results highlight the need misconduct prevention measures.
Skyrmions, Quantum Hall Droplets, and one current to rule them all
Authors: Karasik Avner
Published: July 2020

We introduce a novel Skyrme-like conserved current in the effective
theory of pions and vector mesons based on the idea of hidden local
symmetry. The associated charge is equivalent to the skyrmion charge for
any smooth configuration. In addition, there exist singular
configurations that can be identified as N_f=1Nf=1
baryons charged under the new symmetry. Under this identification, the
vector mesons play the role of the Chern-Simons vector fields living on
the quantum Hall droplet that forms the N_f=1Nf=1
baryon. We propose that this current is the correct effective expression
for the baryon current at low energies. This proposal gives a unified
picture for the two types of baryons and allows them to continuously
transform one to the other in a natural way. In addition, Chern-Simons
dualities on the droplet can be interpreted as a result of Seiberg-like
duality between gluons and vector mesons.
COMUNIDADES DE PRÁTICA: A PRÁTICA EDUCACIONAL NA PRÁTICA
Authors: Paixão Márcia Valéria , Torinelli Andressa , Dutra Marta Gisele Fagundes
Published: July 2020

Para a abordagem Histórico-Cultural de Vygotsky, a essência humana, construída no social, é resultante de práticas sociais. Isso significa dizer que não há atividade em isolamento, ela só se realiza no coletivo e por meio da comunicação. Tais pressupostos apoiam as práticas educativas da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) no Brasil, pela unidade entre teoria e prática a fim de tornar o trabalho uma atividade criadora e fundamental ao ser humano, superando a dualidade cultura geral e técnica. O Documento Base de 2007, que declara as diretrizes dos Institutos Federais, alerta para a necessidade de formação docente em EPT, pois, via de regra, a formação dos professores no Brasil têm origem propedêutica. A fim de contribuir para a mudança dessa realidade, o Instituto Federal do Paraná oferta o Mestrado Profissional em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (ProfEPT), buscando atender ao pressuposto de que o processo ensino-aprendizagem deve ser organizado a partir dos conhecimentos formais (currículo) e dos informais, oriundos da prática social que considera o trabalho como princípio. Mas, afinal, o que são práticas educativas na EPT? O presente estudo tem por objetivo refletir sobre os conceitos dessa Prática Educativa sob a perspectiva da Teoria da Aprendizagem Social de Ettiene Wenger que cunhou o conceito de Comunidades de Prática na busca por explicar o caráter social da aprendizagem humana. A metodologia utilizada foi um estudo bibliográfico aliado à experiência da prática adotada na disciplina de Práticas Educativas. Os resultados mostram uma prática educativa que pode ser definida como facilitadora da participação do sujeito ativo nas comunidades sociais, permitindo sua interação por meio de atividades que possuam em si, um significado social, possibilitando a construção de identidades, o sentimento de pertencimento, moldando o fazer e o ser, interpretando e compreendendo aquilo que faz.
O LUGAR DA GLOBALIZAÇÃO NO MUNDO CONTEMPORÂNEO: UM DESAFIO EM QUESTÃO
Authors: De Oliveira Émerson Dias , Stipp Deborah Kiara dos Santos Felippe , Luiz Cleide De Oliveira Souza , Santos Aline Luz Marinho
Published: July 2020

A globalização tem sido um assunto que carrega os mais variados vieses teórico-científicos nos últimos tempos, uma reflexão que corriqueiramente se volta no anúncio das evoluções técnicas e conjunturais advindas deste processo. Contudo, uma reflexão que considere o lado “fraco” desta questão nem sempre são trazidos para o debate, deixando de lado a perspectiva dos sujeitos que recebem a imposições desta globalização financeirizada. Neste estudo, têm-se um aporte teórico nos estudos de Santos (2011), aonde foi buscado um breve diálogo acerca de uma “outra globalização”, a qual pode ser perfeitamente construída na própria periferia mundial, bem como pelos seus respectivos sujeitos marginais (os que vivem à margem). A importância deste entendimento assume um caráter fundamental para a criação de cidadãos críticos e cientes do seu papel na sociedade, sendo este o intento central do presente ensaio. Por isso, a consolidação deste desafio é uma questão que carece quase que exclusivamente dos próprios sujeitos sociais, uma tarefa que inicialmente precisa da criticidade e a partir de então se oportuniza as iniciativas populares proativas e contextualizadas com suas respectivas localidades.
CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E PROGRESSO: A neutralidade como ideologia.
Authors: Bueno Juliana Fonseca da Silva Linhares , Das Neves Gomes Mateus
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo pretende de uma forma sucinta discutir ciência, tecnologia e progresso como ideologia. Este trabalho será construído por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico que visa refletir sobre os diversos fatores ideológicos imbricados na racionalidade tecnocientífica utilizada como instrumento de controle social. O trabalho desenvolvido consiste em uma discussão teórica relacionada ao conceito de ideologia de Karl Marx e a concepção de progresso, vinculada à epistemologia da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS).
OS JOVENS DO ENSINO MÉDIO E O CURRÍCULO OFERTADO NAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Ramos Fabiana
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é propiciar reflexões sobre o currículo proposto para o ensino médio das escolas públicas e os estudos realizados sobre a identidade e as expectativas dos estudantes deste nível de ensino. A motivação desta pesquisa encontra-se no fato de que estudos na área da educação têm apontado para o desinteresse dos jovens do ensino médio pela escola, mais especificamente pelo currículo e a relação com os estudantes, seus saberes e experiências. Outro ponto a destacar está na obrigatoriedade, após emenda constitucional 59/09, que amplia a obrigatoriedade da educação as crianças e adolescente dos 04 aos 17 anos. Desse modo, o artigo apresenta estudos sobre o currículo e as relações estabelecidas entre indisciplina e desinteresse dos jovens pelo estudo, a identidade e as expectativas dos estudantes desse nível de ensino e os caminhos possíveis para aproximação destes jovens ao Ensino Médio, por meio de um currículo que socialize o conhecimento historicamente acumulado e valorize a identidade e pluralidade cultural com vistas a transformar a sua realidade social. A metodologia adotada é a pesquisa de estudo bibliográfica de forma qualitativa. O trabalho realizado aponta para a necessidade de repensar a escola e o currículo do ensino médio frente às necessidades e expectativas do jovem na sociedade e na escola. Possibilitando uma educação transformadora e significativa para os jovens do ensino médio.
APROXIMAÇÕES DA EPISTEMOLOGIA QUALITATIVA DE REY COM O CAMPO CTS NA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Dias Maria Sara De Lima , Braga Eliane Martins
Published: July 2020

O artigo propõe abordar alguns dos atributos construtivo-interpretativo desenvolvidos na epistemologia qualitativa de Gonzalez Rey, sendo fundamental o lugar do sujeito e a legitimação do singular nesta produção do conhecimento. A perspectiva da Epistemologia Qualitativa de Gonzalez Rey é muito ppróxima do campo CTS principalmente por considerar que toda a produção cientifica está envolta em interesses políticos, sociais e econômicos de seu tempo histórico. Outro aspecto é o primado da ontologia entre as disciplinas do conhecimento, que repousa sobre a evidência de que as relações que unem os seres humanos uns aos outros também implicam na cultura e no desenvolvimento técnico e tecnológico. Ou seja se pressupõe que o pesquisador ao considerar que seres existem através de relações deve implicitamente compreender tais relações na produção do conhecimento científico. Sobre a epistemologia cada escolha teórica e metodológica tem a marca do sujeito e de sua subjetividade e também revela um posicionamento ético e político. Como considerações finais a análise entre educação e trabalho, entre a ciência a tecnologia e a sociedade implicam na dimensão subjetiva da realidade que necessitam contrastar com as visões hegemônicas e oficiais presentes nos sistemas de ensino e assim constituir uma fonte de alternativas de produção de conhecimento ético para uma sociedade mais cidadã.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE METODOLOGIAS DE LETRAMENTO MATEMÁTICO
Authors: Santos Izabele Do Rocio Oliveira , Gomes Mateus Das Neves
Published: July 2020

Transformar as escolas em suas práticas culturais, tradicionais e burocráticas não é tarefa simples e nem para poucos. O desafio de educar crianças e jovens propiciando-lhes um desenvolvimento humano, cultural, científico e tecnológico, de modo que adquiram condições para fazer frente às exigências do mundo contemporâneo é muito grande. O ensino da Matemática nos Anos Iniciais com significação e pautado no pensamento lógico matemático faz parte deste desafio. Sobre essa discussão, o artigo apresenta uma pesquisa documental sobre a Modelagem Matemática. Esta tendência pode ser utilizada como importante recurso nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem por possibilitar o tratamento de conteúdos matemáticos por meio da problematização e modelação de fenômenos reais e sociais pelos estudantes. Também se evidencia como a modelagem pode corroborar comas aulas de Matemática e favorecer a aprendizagem estabelecendo relações entre o conteúdo aprendido em sala de aula com o contexto social no qual os alunos estão inseridos promovendo assim o Letramento Matemático. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma discussão sobre a Modelagem Matemática utilizando a BNCC, documento norteador nacional bem como os resultados de avaliação externa do INEP nos quintos anos do Ensino Fundamental como bases para essa análise .Por fim, apresenta como resultados das discussões, aspectos a serem considerados no que diz respeito à Modelagem Matemática aplicada nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental bem como as reflexões a respeito das debilidades decorrentes de práticas educacionais não condizentes com propostas de novas perspectivas educacionais.
A POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DO PROGRAMA NACIONAL DO LIVRO DIDÁTICO (PNLD) COMO UMA TECNOLOGIA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Fernandes Dias da Silva Kelly Vanessa , Artuso Alysson Ramos , Suero Roberta
Published: July 2020

Este artigo faz uma revisão bibliográfica sucinta sobre a influência do Estado capitalista na política pública do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) inserido na educação básica como uma tecnologia de ensino. O programa surge com o objetivo de avaliar e distribuir livros e materiais didáticos para todos os níveis de ensino presentes na educação básica do Brasil. Atualmente, movimentando mais de um bilhão de reais anuais, o programa desperta tanto o interesse acadêmico em sua investigação científica, como o interesse econômico de empresas multinacionais da área editorial e o interesse político de atores desejantes da visibilidade da possibilidade de guiar um projeto de país. Em uma visão no campo da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), políticas públicas podem ser entendidas como uma tecnologia. Neste sentido, argumenta-se que o PNLD é uma tecnologia por ter uma organização social, uma atividade com um propósito e um processo de intervenção sobre a sociedade, em forma de um programa criado pelo Estado com o objetivo declarado de melhoria da educação básica, como relevantes impactos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Refletir uma política pública criada para educação básica faz repensar em seus métodos e conformações que articulam os aspectos econômicos, políticos e sociais imersos no discurso de garantia de uma educação de qualidade a todos.
FILOSOFIA DA MATEMÁTICA: COMPLEMENTANDO OS CONHECIMENTOS NA BUSCA DA CRITICIDADE.
Authors: Henrique Loriete Marques , Silva Sidney Reinaldo , Gomes Mateus Das Neves
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho, que versa dentro do campo da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), tem como objetivo apresentar uma perspectiva sobre a Matemática enquanto área de conhecimento. Tal artigo busca suscitar um olhar mais reflexivo, em especial ao graduando em ciências exatas. Objetiva, de maneira mais específica aos matemáticos, ampliar os saberes de forma a complementar uma formação que oferece, tradicionalmente, pouca criticidade. O currículo tradicional fomenta o fazer matemático em detrimento do saber matemático, sendo assim fornecido por grande parte das instituições de ensino superior. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico, buscando a partir de um viés filosófico, mostrar o desenvolvimento do conhecimento matemático enquanto ciência. Apontam-se as primeiras concepções do pensamento matemático na Grécia, em que a matemática e filosofia eram interdependentes, trazendo a racionalidade aonde o domínio era empírico, até as pesquisas mais atuais, com saber matemático e o fazer matemático começando a serem reintegrados, trazendo uma concepção de conhecimento matemático inter-relacionado a fatores históricos e sociais. Ao final do trabalho é possível compreender e refletir de maneira mais crítica e com multiplicidade de olhares sobre a essência do conhecimento matemático, sobre suas práticas, e os reflexos destas nos diferentes grupos sociais e na sociedade como um todo. A partir de tais reflexões foram realizados questionamentos sobre as ciências, sua neutralidade enquanto produção humana e seu status de legitimidade absoluta.
Casamento por troca de status de professoras do Ensino Médio e Fundamental de Nobres - MT
Authors: De Pinho Fernanda Ferreira , Lacerda André Luís Ribeiro
Published: July 2020

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar se as professoras dos ensinos fundamental e médio escolhem parceiros para casamento de maneira majoritariamente hipogâmica, ou seja, parceiros com statuses inferiores aos seus dependendo do atributo considerado. Esta, também, a hipótese geral da pesquisa, que foi inspirada na teoria do casamento por troca de status (Merton, 1941; Davis, 1941; Schwartz, Zeng e Xie, 2016). Questionários auto administrados foram distribuídos e 48 professoras o responderam, o que produziu o seguinte resultado:  as professoras das escolas estaduais e municipais quando se casaram, o fizeram hipergamicamente na perspectiva socioeconômica (62,5%) e hipogamicamente no quesito escolaridade (56,25%), seu principal recurso. Hoje, a condição hipogâmica no recurso escolaridade (64,58%) se mantêm e a condição hipergâmica no que se refere ao status socioeconômico se inverteu, ou seja, passou a ser majoritariamente hipogâmica (62,5%).
Luta pela terra, performance e protagonismo infantil no I Encontro Nacional das Crianças Sem Terrinha (Brasília – 2018)
Authors: Hartmann Luciana , Ribeiro de Souza Jonielson , De Sousa Castro Ana Carolina
Published: July 2020

Adotando de uma perspectiva etnográfico-performativa, este artigo pretende debater as imbricações entre performance, luta pela terra e protagonismo infantil no I Encontro Nacional dos Sem Terrinha, evento que reuniu 1200 crianças de 24 estados brasileiros no mês de julho de 2018, em Brasília/DF. Partindo de nossa experiência no Projeto “Crianças Protagonistas” com a Pedagogia do Oprimido, de Paulo Freire, e do Teatro do Oprimido, de Augusto Boal, buscamos refletir sobre as partilhas realizadas com as crianças durante esse e em outro evento ocorrido em 2020. Nesse diálogo, recorremos ao vasto material produzido pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), bem como às recentes pesquisas realizadas por Barros (2013), Couto (2014), Ramos (2013), Rosseto (2016), Rudi (2018), Vendramini (2013), entre outros.
Recent Advances in Environmental Analysis Towards Green Nanomaterials
Authors: Yayayürük Aslı Erdem , Yayayürük Onur
Published: July 2020

Background:

The protection of the ecology is an important task to control and restore the
quality of environmental media through the reduction or prevention of the pollutants. Due to the
growing awareness of safety, health and environmental issues, the use of non-toxic, clean and ecofriendly
methods in the synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged out of necessity.

Methods:

In this article, the following concepts were considered: strategies of green chemistry, green
chemistry metrics, waste management, green nanotechnology/nanoscience and characterization. Furthermore,
the tables that include the covered topics were also presented in the manuscript.

Results:

The green synthesis of nanomaterials is a safe, energy-efficient and fast method which reduces
the use of solvents, reagents, and preservatives that are hazardous to environment and human
health.

Conclusion:

The fabrication of nanomaterials with green methods is a clean, safe, nontoxic and environmentally-
friendly application which is necessary especially in large-scale operations.
A Meta-heuristic Approach for Design of Image Processing Based Model for Nitrosamine Identification in Red Meat Image
Authors: Arora Monika , Mangipudi Parthasarathi
Published: July 2020

Background:

Nitrosamine is a chemical, commonly used as a preservative in red meat
whose intake can cause serious carcinogenic effects on human health. The identification of such
malignant chemicals in foodstuffs is an ordeal.

Objective:

The objective of the proposed research work presents a meta-heuristic approach for nitrosamine
detection in red meat using a computer vision-based non-destructive method.

Methods:

This paper presents an analytical approach for assessing the quality of meat samples upon
storage (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). A novel machine learning-based method involving the strategic
selection of discriminatory features of segmented images has been proposed. The significant features
were determined by finding p-values using the Mann-Whitney U test at a 95% confidence interval,
which were classified using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) algorithm.
Subsequently, the predicted model was evaluated by the bootstrap technique, which projects an outline
for preservative identification in meat samples.

Results:

The simulation results of the proposed meta-heuristic computer vision-based model
demonstrate improved performance in comparison to the existing methods. Some of the prevailing
machine learning-based methods were analyzed and compared from a survey of recent patents with
the proposed technique in order to affirm new findings. The performance of the PLS-DA model was
quantified by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve at all classification thresholds. A
maximum of 100% sensitivity and 71.21% specificity was obtained from the optimum threshold of
0.5964. The concept of bootstrapping was used for evaluating the predicted model. Nitrosamine
content in the meat samples was predicted with a 0.8375 correlation coefficient and 0.109 bootstrap
error.

Conclusion:

The proposed method comprehends the double-cross validation technique, which
makes it more comprehensive in discriminating between the edibility of foodstuff, which can certainly
reinstate conventional methods and ameliorate existing computer-vision methods.
TRANSPORTATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Othman Abdul Ghapar , Hj. Ali Kausar
Published: July 2020

Transportation is one of the key indicators used to measure the Quality of Life of people especially those living in the urban area. Many aspects of transportation are very significant as they have the power to directly influence our way of life in search for a better Quality of Life. Many Malaysians depend on private vehicle transportations to cater their daily travel needs which inevitably leads to an over infiltration of vehicles into the urban area. Automobile dependency has always been viewed as a potential threat to Malaysia’s urban areas, as it contributes to the increase in traffic congestion, higher accidents rate, inefficient usage of urban land, environmental pollution, adverse economic impacts, urban sprawling and reduces the overall quality of public transportation. All these negative impacts deteriorate the quality of life of urban dwellers. This chapter will discuss Malaysia's urban transportation in general, focusing on the struggle between private and public transportation usage and the impacts of automobile dependency towards the urban dwellers’ Quality of Life; as well as putting forward possible strategies and measures in an attempt to provide a balanced urban transportation system.
ASSESSING CHILDREN’S CONNECTEDNESS TO NATURE THROUGH THEIR INTEREST IN NATURAL ELEMENTS
Authors: Mustapa Nor Diyana , Maliki Nor Zarifah , Hamzah Aswati
Published: July 2020

This study aims to assess children’s connectedness to nature (CTN) through drawing based on their preferences and interest in natural elements in spaces. A sequential explanatory mixed-method research design was employed to achieve the aim. For the quantitative part, questionnaires were distributed to 760 children in 20 schools located in Kedah and Penang, Malaysia. For the qualitative part, 72 children were grouped into draw and focus groups. The children in the qualitative part were chosen from low-, moderate- and high-level CTN groups. The results confirm that children’s CTN can be assessed through their drawing based on their interest in natural elements in spaces. The findings indicated that children from the high-level CTN group had more interest in natural elements in spaces compared to the children in the moderate- and low-level of CTN groups.
URBANISATION AND THE CONCERNS FOR FOOD SECURITY IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Marzuki Azizan , Jais Ahmad Sahir
Published: July 2020

Urbanization is an effect of population growth. Increasing population contributed to the expanding of urban areas as cities try to accommodate more people within a minimal landscape. Urbanization takes up valuable land, sometimes productive agricultural land that feeds the population. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the connection between urban sprawl and its impact on agricultural productivity, and ultimately whether it affects food security in Malaysia. For this qualitative exploratory review exercise, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of secondary data was employed as the base for this study. Data mining techniques were used to gather relevant literature that included archival data, academic writings, and publications. The data are then dissected, analysed, and clustered using Atlas ti 8 software, focusing on thematic analysis. Urbanisation did affect the self-sufficiency level (SSL) of Malaysian food security, especially on landintensive food products such as vegetables and livestock. Recent government initiatives such as urban farming, land use policies were promoted to reduce the differences in food imports, ensuring Malaysian food security to be at an acceptable level. Significant development of this population dense proximity has created urban sprawl beyond the city limits, taking up valuable land space. Land-use conversion from agricultural land in Malaysia has been studied regarding its adverse effects on agricultural production. Urbanization therefore does affect food security through the land conversion of agricultural lands.
Social Media Surveillance in Schools: Rethinking Public Health Interventions in the Digital Age (Preprint)
Authors: Burke Colin , Bloss Cinnamon
Published: July 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Growing public concern about student safety and well-being has led schools and school districts to contract private companies to implement new technologies that target and surveil students’ activity on social media websites. Although innovative solutions for addressing student safety and health are needed, it is unclear whether the implementation of social media surveillance in schools is an effective strategy. Currently, there is no evidence to support the claims made by social media surveillance companies, as well as the schools that hire them, that these technologies can address the myriad of public health issues facing today’s students. Instead, these digital surveillance systems may only serve to exacerbate the problems that youth—especially those from historically marginalized groups—already face.
Bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 literature (Preprint)
Authors: Al-Zaman Md. Sayeed
Published: July 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

This study analyzes N=16384 COVID-19-related literature published between December 2019 to June 2020. The data were extracted from the Web of Science database using four keywords: “COVID-19”, “Coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, and “SARS-CoV-2”. The analysis found that almost all but a tiny number of the papers are published in 2020 (95.16%). Of the 15 types of publications, article (40.015%) is on the top of the list. All publications are in 19 different languages where English (95.313%) is the dominant one. A total of 159 countries produce COVID-19-related researches, and the USA (25.433%) is in the leading position. According to the findings, Wang Y (n=94) is the top author, and the British Medical Journal (BMJ) (n=488) is the top source. Also, the University of London (n=488) is the leading organization with the highest number of papers, and medicine-related papers (n=2259) are the highest in numbers. Apart from the novel findings, this study is perhaps the largest COVID-19-related bibliometric analysis to date.