bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A special issue: highlighting the youth mental health agenda
Authors: Lyne J. , Cannon M.
Published: February 2015

With previous studies finding that much mental health morbidity has initial onset in young people, the Youth Mental Health agenda has gained momentum in recent times. Reform and investment in this area is now needed to address the major challenge of delivering age appropriate services tailored to the needs of youth. In this special issue the mental health of young people is brought into focus and some of the issues facing quality service delivery are described. This editorial summarises these contributions which will inform the ongoing development of this emerging area.
Who is in the transition gap? Transition from CAMHS to AMHS in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: McNicholas F. , Adamson M. , McNamara N. , Gavin B. , Paul M. , Ford T. , Barry S. , Dooley B. , Coyne I. , Cullen W. , Singh S. P.
Published: February 2015

Objective

The ITRACK study explored the process and predictors of transition between Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) in the Republic of Ireland.

Method

Following ethical approval, clinicians in each of Ireland’s four Health Service Executive (HSE) areas were contacted, informed about the study and were invited to participate. Clinicians identified all cases who had reached the transition boundary (i.e. upper age limit for that CAMHS team) between January and December 2010. Data were collected on clinical and socio-demographic details and factors that informed the decision to refer or not refer to the AMHS, and case notes were scrutinised to ascertain the extent of information exchanged between services during transition.

Results

A total of 62 service users were identified as having crossed the transition boundary from nine CAMHS [HSE Dublin Mid-Leinster (n=40, 66%), HSE South (n=18, 30%), HSE West (n=2, 3%), HSE Dublin North (n=1, 2%)]. The most common diagnoses were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD;n=19, 32%), mood disorders (n=16, 27%), psychosis (n=6, 10%) and eating disorders (n=5, 8%). Forty-seven (76%) of those identified were perceived by the CAMHS clinician to have an ‘on-going mental health service need’, and of these 15 (32%) were referred, 11 (23%) young people refused and 21 (45%) were not referred, with the majority (12, 57%) continuing with the CAMHS for more than a year beyond the transition boundary. Young people with psychosis were more likely to be referred [χ2(2, 46)=8.96,p=0.02], and those with ADHD were less likely to be referred [χ2(2, 45)=8.89,p=0.01]. Being prescribed medication was not associated with referral [χ2(2, 45)=4.515,p=0.11]. In referred cases (n=15), there was documented evidence of consent in two cases (13.3%), inferred in another four (26.7%) and documented preparation for transition in eight (53.3%). Excellent written communication (100%) was not supported by face-to-face planning meetings (n=2, 13.3%), joint appointments (n=1, 6.7%) or telephone conversations (n=1, 6.7%) between corresponding clinicians.

Conclusions

Despite perceived on-going mental health (MH) service need, many young people are not being referred or are refusing referral to the AMHS, with those with ADHD being the most affected. CAMHS continue to offer on-going care past the transition boundary, which has resource implications. Further qualitative research is warranted to understand, in spite of perceived MH service need, the reason for non-referral by the CAMHS clinicians and refusal by the young person.
Space, time, and the development of shared leadership networks in multiteam systems
Authors: SULLIVAN SOPHIA D. , LUNGEANU ALINA , DECHURCH LESLIE A. , CONTRACTOR NOSHIR S.
Published: February 2015

Digital technologies have created the potential for new forms of organizing among geographically dispersed individuals by connecting their ideas across the time and space in complex multiteam systems (MTSs). Realizing this potential requires novel forms of shared leadership structures to shepherd divergent and convergent thinking necessary to nurture innovation. While there is limited research on how space influences leadership and how the time influences leadership, there is virtually no theorizing on how space and time interact together to influence the emergence of shared leadership structures that facilitates innovation. A key contribution of this study is to utilize an agent-based model (ABM) that draws upon the research on leadership, networks, and innovation to specify generative mechanisms (or micro-processes) through which shared leadership structures emerge over space and time. The parameters in this model were estimated from empirical data. Results of virtual experiments (VE) yielded testable hypotheses suggesting that, over time, leadership capacity and between-team ties are negatively influenced by space. Furthermore, the computational model suggests that space increases the concentration of divergent leadership but decreases the concentration of convergent leadership. The study concludes by discussing the implications for the design of effective leadership structures to nurture innovation in MTSs.
ON QUANTITATIVE SCHUR AND DUNFORD–PETTIS PROPERTIES
Authors: KALENDA ONDŘEJ F. K. , SPURNÝ JIŘÍ
Published: February 2015

We show that the dual to any subspace of $c_{0}({\rm\Gamma})$ (${\rm\Gamma}$ is an arbitrary index set) has the strongest possible quantitative version of the Schur property. Further, we establish a relationship between the quantitative Schur property and quantitative versions of the Dunford–Pettis property. Finally, we apply these results to show, in particular, that any subspace of the space of compact operators on $\ell _{p}$ ($1<p<\infty$) with the Dunford–Pettis property automatically satisfies both its quantitative versions.
Diet–animal fractionation of nitrogen stable isotopes reflects the efficiency of nitrogen assimilation in ruminants
Authors: Cantalapiedra-Hijar G. , Ortigues-Marty I. , Sepchat B. , Agabriel J. , Huneau J. F. , Fouillet H.
Published: February 2015

The natural abundance of15N in animal proteins (δ15Nanimal) is greater than that in the diet consumed by the animals (δ15Ndiet), with a discrimination factor (Δ15N = δ15Nanimal− δ15Ndiet) that is known to vary according to nutritional conditions. The objectives of the present study were to test the hypothesis that Δ15N variations depend on the efficiency of nitrogen utilisation (ENU) in growing beef cattle, and to identify some of the physiological mechanisms responsible for this N isotopic fractionation in ruminants. Thus, we performed the regression of the Δ15N of plasma proteins obtained from thirty-five finishing beef cattle fed standard and non-conventional diets against different feed efficiency indices, including ENU. We also performed the regression of the Δ15N of different ruminant N pools (plasma and milk proteins, urine and faeces) against different splanchnic N fluxes obtained from multi-catheterised lactating dairy cows. The Δ15N of plasma proteins was negatively correlated with feed efficiency indices in beef cattle, especially ENU (body protein gain/N intake) and efficiency of metabolisable protein (MP) utilisation (body protein gain/MP intake). Although Δ15N obtained from different N pools in dairy cows were all negatively correlated with ENU, the highest correlation was found when Δ15N was calculated from plasma proteins. Δ15N showed no correlation with urea-N recycling or rumen NH3absorption, but exhibited a strong correlation with liver urea synthesis and splanchnic amino acid metabolism, which points to a dominant role of splanchnic tissues in the present N isotopic fractionation study.
Paulus und die Dioskuren (Apg 28.11): Über zwei denkwürdige Schutzpatrone des Evangeliums
Authors: Backhaus Knut
Published: February 2015

Surprisingly, the Gospel reaches Rome under the sign of the Dioscuri (Acts 28.11). In the first two centuries CE these saviours represent, at a broad cultural level, salvation and secure justice, deliver the message of victory to Rome, and symbolise the Empire's expansive claim on the world. In the rhetoric of ἐνάϱγεια the nautical detail marks a theological transformation: the Mediterranean becomes themare nostrumof Christians; this transformation is plausible even according to paganeusebeia; the gospel reveals itself as good news of victory claiming the world. It is within this illustrative logic that the noteworthy detail gains its meaning.
Göttersöhne: Lk 1.26–38 als Kontrasterzählung zu einem römischen Gründungsmythos
Authors: Nassauer Gudrun
Published: February 2015

Roman identity and legitimisation of imperial rule were closely connected to the mythological motive of divine descent. In this context, the myth of Romulus with the encounter between the god Mars and the virgin Rhea Silvia developed its own significance that was available for broader circles within the population of the Roman Empire. It is against this background that Luke 1.26–38 may be read as an alternative foundation narrative that assimilates essential features of the Roman myth of origin in order to reinterpret it christologically.
Das frühe Christentum und die Bildung
Authors: Schnelle Udo
Published: February 2015

Early Christianity is often regarded as an entirely lower-class phenomenon, and thus characterised by a low educational and cultural level. This view is false for several reasons. (1) When dealing with the ancient world, inferences cannot be made from the social class to which one belongs to one's educational and cultural level. (2) We may confidently state that in the early Christian urban congregations more than 50 per cent of the members could read and write at an acceptable level. (3) Socialisation within the early congregations occurred mainly through education and literature. No religious figure before (or after) Jesus Christ became so quickly and comprehensively the subject of written texts! (4) The early Christians emerged as a creative and thoughtful literary movement. They read the Old Testament in a new context, they created new literary genres (gospels) and reformed existing genres (the Pauline letters, miracle stories, parables). (5) From the very beginning, the amazing literary production of early Christianity was based on a historic strategy that both made history and wrote history. (6) Moreover, early Christians were largely bilingual, and able to accept sophisticated texts, read them with understanding, and pass them along to others. (7) Even in its early stages, those who joined the new Christian movement entered an educated world of language and thought. (8) We should thus presuppose a relatively high intellectual level in the early Christian congregations, for a comparison with Greco-Roman religion, local cults, the mystery religions, and the Caesar cult indicates that early Christianity was a religion with a very high literary production that included critical reflection and refraction.
ON SIZE AND POWER OF HETEROSKEDASTICITY AND AUTOCORRELATION ROBUST TESTS
Authors: Preinerstorfer David , Pötscher Benedikt M.
Published: February 2015

Testing restrictions on regression coefficients in linear models often requires correcting the conventional F-test for potential heteroskedasticity or autocorrelation amongst the disturbances, leading to so-called heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation robust test procedures. These procedures have been developed with the purpose of attenuating size distortions and power deficiencies present for the uncorrected F-test. We develop a general theory to establish positive as well as negative finite-sample results concerning the size and power properties of a large class of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation robust tests. Using these results we show that nonparametrically as well as parametrically corrected F-type tests in time series regression models with stationary disturbances have either size equal to one or nuisance-infimal power equal to zero under very weak assumptions on the covariance model and under generic conditions on the design matrix. In addition we suggest an adjustment procedure based on artificial regressors. This adjustment resolves the problem in many cases in that the so-adjusted tests do not suffer from size distortions. At the same time their power function is bounded away from zero. As a second application we discuss the case of heteroskedastic disturbances.
What Do You Think of Philosophical Bioethics?
Authors: HÄYRY MATTI
Published: February 2015

This article provides an overview of approaches to bioethics—practical and theoretical, philosophical and nonphilosophical. It is argued that those who yearn for pragmatism and real-life relevance would do well to concentrate on politics, legislation, social policy, and lobbying. Those, on the other hand, who seek knowledge about our moral thought might be interested in philosophical bioethics—in the explication of concepts, arguments, views, and normative statements.
The Role of Philosophy in Global Bioethics
Authors: HELLSTEN SIRKKU K.
Published: February 2015

This article examines the relationship between philosophy and culture in global bioethics. First, it studies what is meant by the term “global” in global bioethics. Second, the author introduces four different types, or recognizable trends, in philosophical inquiry in bioethics today. The main argument is that, in order to make better sense of the complexity of the ethical questions and challenges we face today across the globe, we need to embrace the universal nature of self-critical and analytical philosophical analysis and argumentation, rather than using seemingly philosophical approaches to give unjustified normative emphasis on different cultural approaches to bioethics.
Your Morality, My Mortality
Authors: RICH BEN A.
Published: February 2015

Recently the scope of protections afforded those healthcare professionals and institutions that refuse to provide certain interventions on the grounds of conscience have expanded, in some instances insulating providers (institutional and individual) from any liability or sanction for harms that patients experience as a result. With the exponential increase in the penetration of Catholic-affiliated healthcare across the country, physicians and nurses who are not practicing Catholics are nevertheless required to execute documents pledging to conform their patient care to the Ethical and Religious Directives for Health Care Services as a condition of employment or medical staff privileges. In some instances, doing so may result in patient morbidity or mortality or violate professional standards for respecting advance directives or surrogate decisionmaking. This article challenges the ethical propriety of such institutional mandates and argues that legal protections for conscientious refusal must provide redress for patients who are harmed by care that falls below the prevailing clinical standards.
BOUNDED MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS FOR -LAPLACIAN PROBLEMS WITH ARBITRARY PERTURBATIONS
Authors: FARACI FRANCESCA , ZHAO LIN
Published: February 2015

In the present paper we deal with the existence of multiple solutions for a quasilinear elliptic problem involving an arbitrary perturbation. Our approach, based on an abstract result of Ricceri, combines truncation arguments with Moser-type iteration technique.
ON COSINE FAMILIES CLOSE TO SCALAR COSINE FAMILIES
Authors: CHOJNACKI WOJCIECH
Published: February 2015

We prove that if two normed-algebra-valued cosine families indexed by a single Abelian group, of which one is bounded and comprised solely of scalar elements of the underlying algebra, differ in norm by less than$1$uniformly in the parametrising index, then these families coincide.
What's Driving Titan's Atmosphere?
Authors: Betz Eric
Published: March 2015

A new analysis of Cassini data reveals a major source of heavy hydrocarbons on Saturn's moon Titan.
Exploring How Wind Blows Sand on Dunes
Authors: Palus Shannon
Published: February 2015

Sand dunes migrate—so why haven't some budged in 60 years?
Changing Patterns in U.S. Air Quality
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: February 2015

Over the northeast United States, ground-level ozone will peak in the winter rather than the summer thanks to continued reductions of regional nitrogen oxide emissions from smokestacks and tailpipes.
How Robotic Probes Helped Humans Explore the Moon—And May Again
Authors: Kring David A.
Published: February 2015

Robotic probes—including Ranger VIII, launched 50 years ago this week—paved the way for humankind’s giant leap to the Moon. This history may help guide future plans for lunar exploration.
Fluctuations in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Minnehan Catherine
Published: February 2015

Variations in large-scale convection in the Atlantic Ocean are likely driven by wind.
Developing Deep-Life Continental Drilling Projects
Authors: Onstott Tullis C. , Kieft Thomas L.
Published: February 2015

Deep Carbon Observatory Deep-Life Workshop; Potsdam, Germany, 3–4 November 2014
Sub-100 nm resolution microscopy based on proximity projection grating scheme
Authors: Hu Feng , Somekh Michael G. , Albutt Darren J. , Webb Kevin , Moradi Emilia , See Chung W.
Published: February 2015

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) has been widely used in life science imaging applications. The maximum resolution improvement of SIM, compared to conventional bright field system is a factor of 2. Here we present an approach to structured illumination microscopy using the proximity projection grating scheme (PPGS), which has the ability to further enhance the SIM resolution without invoking any nonlinearity response from the sample. With the PPGS-based SIM, sub-100 nm resolution has been obtained experimentally and results corresponding to 2.4 times resolution improvement are presented. Furthermore, it will be shown that an improvement of greater than 3 times can be achieved.
Luminescence in the fluoride-containing phosphate-based glasses: A possible origin of their high resistance to nanosecond pulse laser-induced damage
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Lu Min , Gao Fei , Guo Haitao , Xu Yantao , Hou Chaoqi , Zhou Zhiwei , Peng Bo
Published: February 2015

Fusion power offers the prospect of an almost inexhaustible source of energy for future generations. It was reported that fusion fuel gains exceeding unity on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) were achieved, but so far great deal of scientific and engineering challenges have to be overcome for realizing fusion power generation. There is a bottleneck for color-separation gratings in NIF and other similar inertial confinement fusion (ICF) lasers. Here we show a series of high performance phosphate-based glasses that can transmit the third harmonic frequency (3ω) laser light with high efficiency meanwhile filter the fundamental (1ω) and the second harmonic frequency (2ω) laser lights through direct absorption and especially they exhibit excellent damage threshold induced by nanosecond pulse laser compared with that of the fused silica used in NIF. Yellowish-orange fluorescence emits during the laser-material interaction process and it can be tailored through regulating the glass structure. Study on its structural origin suggests that the fluorescence emission is a key factor that conduces to the high laser-induced damage resistance of these glasses. The results also indicated the feasibility of utilizing these high performance glasses in novel color separation optics, allowing novel design for the final optics assembly in ICF lasers.
Rate-dependent phase transitions in Li2FeSiO4 cathode nanocrystals
Authors: Lu Xia , Wei Huijing , Chiu Hsien-Chieh , Gauvin Raynald , Hovington Pierre , Guerfi Abdelbast , Zaghib Karim , Demopoulos George P.
Published: February 2015

Nanostructured lithium metal orthosilicate materials hold a lot of promise as next generation cathodes but their full potential realization is hampered by complex crystal and electrochemical behavior. In this work Li2FeSiO4 crystals are synthesized using organic-assisted precipitation method. By varying the annealing temperature different structures are obtained, namely the monoclinic phase at 400°C, the orthorhombic phase at 900°C and a mixed phase at 700°C. The three Li2FeSiO4 crystal phases exhibit totally different charge/discharge profiles upon delithiation/lithiation. Thus the 400°C monoclinic nanocrystals exhibit initially one Li extraction via typical solid solution reaction, while the 900°C orthorhombic crystals are characterized by unacceptably high cell polarization. In the meantime the mixed phase Li2FeSiO4 crystals reveal a mixed cycling profile. We have found that the monoclinic nanocrystals undergo phase transition to orthorhombic structure resulting in significant progressive deterioration of the material's Li storage capability. By contrast, we discovered when the monoclinic nanocrystals are cycled initially at higher rate (C/20) and subsequently subjected to low rate (C/50) cycling the material's intercalation performance is stabilized. The discovered rate-dependent electrochemically-induced phase transition and stabilization of lithium metal silicate structure provides a novel and potentially rewarding avenue towards the development of high capacity Li-ion cathodes.
Widespread presence of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in wild amphibian communities in Madagascar
Authors: Bletz Molly C. , Rosa Gonçalo M. , Andreone Franco , Courtois Elodie A. , Schmeller Dirk S. , Rabibisoa Nirhy H. C. , Rabemananjara Falitiana C. E. , Raharivololoniaina Liliane , Vences Miguel , Weldon Ché , Edmonds Devin , Raxworthy Christopher J. , Harris Reid N. , Fisher Matthew C. , Crottini Angelica
Published: February 2015

Amphibian chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been a significant driver of amphibian declines. While globally widespread, Bd had not yet been reported from within Madagascar. We document surveys conducted across the country between 2005 and 2014, showing Bd's first record in 2010. Subsequently, Bd was detected in multiple areas, with prevalence reaching up to 100%. Detection of Bd appears to be associated with mid to high elevation sites and to have a seasonal pattern, with greater detectability during the dry season. Lineage-based PCR was performed on a subset of samples. While some did not amplify with any lineage probe, when a positive signal was observed, samples were most similar to the Global Panzootic Lineage (BdGPL). These results may suggest that Bd arrived recently, but do not exclude the existence of a previously undetected endemic Bd genotype. Representatives of all native anuran families have tested Bd-positive and exposure trials confirm infection by Bd is possible. Bd's presence could pose significant threats to Madagascar's unique “megadiverse” amphibians.
Flow enhancement of water-based nanoparticle dispersion through microscale sedimentary rocks
Authors: Yu Haiyang , He Youwei , Li Peng , Li Shuang , Zhang Tiantian , Rodriguez-Pin Elena , Du Song , Wang Chenglong , Cheng Shiqing , Bielawski Christopher W. , Bryant Steven L. , Huh Chun
Published: March 2015

Understanding and controlling fluids flow at the microscale is a matter of growing scientific and technological interest. Flow enhancements of water-based nanoparticle dispersions through microscale porous media are investigated through twelve hydrophilic sedimentary rocks with pore-throat radius between 1.2 and 10 μm, which are quantitatively explained with a simple model with slip length correction for Darcy flow. Both as wetting phase, water exhibited no-slip Darcy flow in all cores; however, flow enhancement of nanoparticle dispersions can be up to 5.7 times larger than that of water and it increases with the decreasing of pore-throat radius. The experimental data reveals characteristic slip lengths are of order 500 and 1000 nm for 3M® and HNPs-1 nanoparticles, respectively, independent of the lithology or nanoparticle concentration or shear rate. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of flow degradation is observed for HNPs-2 nanoparticles. These results explore the feasible application of using nanoparticle dispersions to control flow at the microscale.
Importance of platinum particle size for complete oxidation of toluene over Pt/ZSM-5 catalysts
Authors: Chen Chunyu , Chen Fang , Zhang Ling , Pan Shuxiang , Bian Chaoqun , Zheng Xiaoming , Meng Xiangju , Xiao Feng-Shou
Published: February 2015

Pt-1.9/ZSM-5 exhibits the highest activity in the removal of toluene due to a balance of Pt dispersion and Pt0 proportion.
Qualifying label components for effective biosensing using advanced high-throughput SEIRA methodology
Authors: Hornemann Andrea , Eichert Diane , Flemig Sabine , Ulm Gerhard , Beckhoff Burkhard
Published: March 2015

The multiplexed SEIRA analysis of antibody-functionalized NP biolabels that can be exploited for specific assay platforms in view of high-performance readout.
Nanocomposite heterojunctions as sunlight-driven photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting
Authors: Reza Gholipour Mohammad , Dinh Cao-Thang , Béland François , Do Trong-On
Published: February 2015

We review recent advanced heterojunction semiconductors with various morphologies and chemical compositions, which have great potential for hydrogen production under visible light irradiation.
Evolution, kinetics, energetics, and environmental factors of graphene degradation on silicon dioxide
Authors: Singha Roy Susmit , Safron Nathaniel S. , Wu Meng-Yin , Arnold Michael S.
Published: February 2015

Environmental effects on the oxidative stability of graphene atomic membranes on SiO2 are studied and quantified using in situ spatially and temporally-resolved imaging Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and charge-transport measurements.
The design, synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and molecular modeling of novel benzenesulfonate derivatives bearing chalcone moieties as potent anti-microtubulin polymerization agents
Authors: Shen Yu-Ning , Lin Lin , Qiu Han-Yue , Zou Wen-Yan , Qian Yong , Zhu Hai-Liang
Published: February 2015

Binding mode of compound6bwith microtubule (PDB code: 1SA0). (a) 2D diagram of the interaction between compound6band amino acid residues of colchicine site nearby. (b) 3D diagram of compound6binserted in microtubulin colchicine site.
Chronic toxicity of crude ricinine in rats assessed by1H NMR metabolomics analysis
Authors: Guo Pingping , Wei Dandan , Wang Junsong , Dong Ge , Zhang Qian , Yang Minghua , Kong Lingyi
Published: February 2015

A1H-NMR based metabolomics approach combined with OSC-PLS-DA was applied to investigate the chronic toxicity of crude ricinine from castor bean shell in rats for the first time.
Toward point-of-care diagnostics with consumer electronic devices: the expanding role of nanoparticles
Authors: Petryayeva Eleonora , Algar W. Russ
Published: February 2015

A review of the role that nanoparticles can play in point-of-care diagnostics that utilize consumer electronic devices such as cell phones and smartphones for readout, including an overview of important concepts and examples from the literature.
Iron metal induced deoxygenation of graphite oxide nanosheets-insights on the capacitive properties of binder-free electrodes
Authors: Kumar Nanjundan Ashok , Togami Makoto , Oishi Yudai , Tominaga Masato , Takafuji Makoto , Ihara Hirotaka
Published: February 2015

The capacitive behaviour of iron reduced graphite oxide in alkaline media is reported.
Expanding applications of zeolite imidazolate frameworks in catalysis: synthesis of quinazolines using ZIF-67 as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Truong Thanh , Hoang Tam M. , Nguyen Chung K. , Huynh Quynh T. N. , Phan Nam T. S.
Published: February 2015

A cobalt zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) was successfully synthesized and characterized, then used as an efficient catalyst in a reaction to form quinazoline products. ZIF-67 could be recovered and reused several times without significant degradation in its activity.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of a lead–acid battery by a surface modified negative grid with multiwall carbon nanotube coating
Authors: Saravanan M. , Ganesan M. , Ambalavanan S.
Published: February 2015

High-performance lead–acid battery (LAB) negative grids have been prepared using a simple carbon nanotube (CNT) coating method.
Facile synthesis of CeO2decorated Ni(OH)2hierarchical composites for enhanced electrocatalytic sensing of H2O2
Authors: Wang Debao , Pang Limei , Mou Hongyu , Zhou Yanhong , Song Caixia
Published: February 2015

CeO2–Ni(OH)2composites with hierarchical structures were synthesizedviaa facile one-pot hydrothermal method, which were constructed with Ni(OH)2nanosheets decorated within situformed CeO2nanoparticles on their surface.
Magnetic circular dichroism and computational study of mononuclear and dinuclear iron(iv) complexes
Authors: Ye Shengfa , Xue Genqiang , Krivokapic Itana , Petrenko Taras , Bill Eckhard , Que Jr Lawrence , Neese Frank
Published: February 2015

The electronic structures of mononuclear and dinuclear iron(iv) complexes are studied using magnetic circular dichroism and wavefunction-basedab initiomethods, and then correlated with their similar reactivities toward H- and O-atom transfer.
Nanostructural changes in crystallizable controlling units determine the temperature-memory of polymers
Authors: Nöchel Ulrich , Reddy Chaganti Srinivasa , Wang Ke , Cui Jing , Zizak Ivo , Behl Marc , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas
Published: March 2015

In-situ X-ray scattering experiments of crosslinked poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] networks indicate differences in the temperature-memory mechanism for deformation temperatures above or below 50 °C.
A green and scalable synthesis of highly stable Ca-based sorbents for CO2 capture
Authors: Yan Feng , Jiang Jianguo , Zhao Ming , Tian Sicong , Li Kaimin , Li Tianran
Published: February 2015

A highly stabilizing effect of fly ash on CaO-based sorbents under severe calcination conditions.
Manual assembly of nanocrystals for enhanced photoelectrochemical efficiency of hematite film
Authors: Cha Hyun Gil , Kang Myung Jong , Hwang In Chul , Kim Hyunsung , Yoon Kyung Byung , Kang Young Soo
Published: February 2015

A (012) plane oriented hematite film with secondary growth of organized microcrystals showed promising photoelectrochemical efficiency compared with a randomly oriented film.
Sulfonate derived phosphoramidates as active intermediates in the enzymatic primer-extension of DNA
Authors: De S. , Groaz E. , Margamuljana L. , Abramov M. , Marlière P. , Herdewijn P.
Published: February 2015

The incorporation and extension of synthetically unprecedented nucleoside phosphoramidate sulfonates is demonstrated using thermophilic and mesophilic microbial polymerases.
Langmuir–Blodgett self organized nanocrystalline tungsten oxide thin films for electrochromic performance
Authors: Kondalkar Vijay V. , Mali Sawanta S. , Kharade Rohini R. , Mane Rahul M. , Patil Pramod S. , Hong Chang K. , Kim Jin H. , Choudhury Sipra , Bhosale Popatrao N.
Published: February 2015

Langmuir–Blodgett self organized nanocrystalline tungsten oxide thin films.
Effect of different lignocellulosic fibres on poly(ε-caprolactone)-based composites for potential applications in orthotics
Authors: Sarasini Fabrizio , Tirillò Jacopo , Puglia Debora , Kenny José M. , Dominici Franco , Santulli Carlo , Tofani Marco , De Santis Rita
Published: February 2015

A comparative assessment of three lignocellulosic fibres obtained from leaf, bast and fruit on the mechanical and thermal properties of fully biodegradable composites has been performed.
Green protection of pyrazole, thermal isomerization and deprotection of tetrahydropyranylpyrazoles, and high-yield, one-pot synthesis of 3(5)-alkylpyrazoles
Authors: Ahmed Basil M. , Mezei Gellert
Published: February 2015

3(5)-Alkylpyrazoles are obtained in high yield from pyrazole by a one-pot procedure.
Bio-inspired surfactants capable of generating plant volatiles
Authors: Bhadani Avinash , Rane Jayant , Veresmortean Cristina , Banerjee Sanjoy , John George
Published: February 2015

Bio-inspired surfactants for synthesis, storage and release of plant volatiles.
Three-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride functionalized graphene-based high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Qing , Zhao Yang , Huang Xianke , Chen Nan , Qu Liangti
Published: February 2015

A one-step strategy for the development of graphitic-C3N4 functionalized graphene composites as advanced three-dimensional supercapacitor electrode materials.
Correction: Synthesis and properties of push–pull porphyrins as sensitizers for NiO based dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Maufroy Antoine , Favereau Ludovic , Anne Frédéric B. , Pellegrin Yann , Blart Errol , Hissler Muriel , Jacquemin Denis , Odobel Fabrice
Published: February 2015

Correction for ‘Synthesis and properties of push–pull porphyrins as sensitizers for NiO based dye-sensitized solar cells’ by Antoine Maufroy et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015, 3, 3908–3917.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel injectable alginate–collagen–hydroxyapatite hydrogel for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Bendtsen Stephanie T. , Wei Mei
Published: March 2015

This novel fabrication process allowed for the development of an injectable hydrogel system with a gelation time suitable for a surgical setting and components necessary for promoting enhanced bone regeneration.
Toward organic electronics with properties inspired by biological tissue
Authors: O'Connor Timothy F. , Rajan Kirtana M. , Printz Adam D. , Lipomi Darren J.
Published: February 2015

The carbon framework common to both organic semiconductors and biological structures suggests that these two classes of materials should be easily integrated.
Highly conductive PEDOT:PSS films by post-treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide for ITO-free liquid crystal display
Authors: Chou Tsu-Ruey , Chen Szu-Hua , Chiang Yen-Te , Lin Yi-Ting , Chao Chih-Yu
Published: February 2015

This work shows that the highly conductive PEDOT:PSS film is a promising material as both the transparent electrode and the alignment layer to replace ITO for ITO-free LC displays.
Halogen bonding enhances nonlinear optical response in poled supramolecular polymers
Authors: Virkki Matti , Tuominen Ossi , Forni Alessandra , Saccone Marco , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Resnati Giuseppe , Kauranen Martti , Priimagi Arri
Published: March 2015

We demonstrate that halogen bonding strongly enhances the nonlinear optical response of poled supramolecular polymer systems.
Chromium(II)-Catalyzed Amination of N-Heterocyclic Chlorides with Magnesium Amides
Authors: Knochel Paul , Steib Andreas , Fernandez Sarah , Kuzmina Olesya , Corpet Martin , Gosmini Corinne
Published: February 2015

We report a ligand-free chromium(II)-catalyzed amination reaction of various N-heterocyclic chlorides. CrCl2 regioselectively catalyzes the reaction of chloropyridines and dichloropyridines, dichloroquinolines, dichloroisoquinolines and dichloroquinoxalines with a range of aliphatic, allylic, benzylic and saturated (hetero)cyclic magnesium amides in the presence of lithium chloride as additive. The reactions were performed at 50 °C in THF and led to the desired aminated products in 56–96% yield.
Does Balloon Kyphoplasty Deliver More Cement Safely into Osteoporotic Vertebrae with Compression Fractures Compared with Vertebroplasty? A Study in Vertebral Analogues
Authors: Abduljabbar Fahad H. , Al-jurayyan Abdulaziz , Alqahtani Saad , Sardar Zeeshan M. , Saluja Rajeet Singh , Ouellet Jean , Weber Michael , Steffen Thomas , Beckman Lorne , Jarzem Peter
Published: February 2015

Study Design

A biomechanical and radiographic study using vertebral analogues.

Objectives

Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are widely used techniques to alleviate pain in fractures secondary to osteoporosis. However, cement leakage toward vital structures like the spinal cord can be a major source of morbidity and even mortality. We define safe cement injection as the volume of the cement injected into a vertebra before the cement leakage occurs. Our objective is to compare the amount of cement that can be safely injected into an osteoporotic vertebra with simulated compression fracture using either vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty techniques.

Methods

Forty artificial vertebral analogues made of polyurethane with osteoporotic cancellous matrix representing the L3 vertebrae were used for this study and were divided into four groups of 10 vertebrae each. The four groups tested were: low-viscosity cement injected using vertebroplasty, high-viscosity cement injected using vertebroplasty, low-viscosity cement injected using balloon kyphoplasty, and high-viscosity cement injected using balloon kyphoplasty. The procedures were performed under fluoroscopic guidance. The injection was stopped when the cement started protruding from the created vascular channel in the osteoporotic vertebral fracture model. The main outcome measured was the volume of the cement injected safely into a vertebra before leakage through the posterior vascular channel.

Results

The highest volume of the cement injected was in the vertebroplasty group using high-viscosity cement, which was almost twice the injected volume in the other three groups. One-way analysis of variance comparing the four groups showed a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.005).

Conclusions

High-viscosity cement injected using vertebroplasty delivers more cement volume before cement leakage and fills the vertebral body more uniformly when compared with balloon kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebrae with compression fractures.
Radiation-Induced Intraspinal Chondrosarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Obid Peter , Vierbuchen Mathias , Wolf Eduard , Reichl Michael , Niemeyer Thomas , Übeyli Hüseyin , Richter Alexander
Published: February 2015

Study Design

Case report and review of the literature.

Objective

To report a unique case of an intraspinal chondrosarcoma that was diagnosed 18 years after radiotherapy for a cervical carcinoma and its remarkably unusual clinical presentation.

Methods

A retrospective case description of an intraspinal mass lesion that occurred 6 weeks after previous spinal surgery.

Results

Within ∼9 weeks, the tumor had infiltrated the peritoneal cavity and reached the lumbar subcutaneous tissue.

Conclusion

Radiation-induced sarcomas are rare, are highly aggressive, and may be difficult to diagnose. Furthermore, the only means of achieving long-term survival is through early and extensive surgery.
Dysphagia Secondary to Anterior Osteophytes of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Egerter Alexander C. , Kim Eric S. , Lee Darrin J. , Liu Jonathan J. , Cadena Gilbert , Panchal Ripul R. , Kim Kee D.
Published: February 2015

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Objective

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) or Forestier disease involves hyperostosis of the spinal column. Hyperostosis involving the anterior margin of the cervical vertebrae can cause dysphonia, dyspnea, and/or dysphagia. However, the natural history pertaining to the risk factors remain unknown. We present the surgical management of two cases of dysphagia secondary to cervical hyperostosis and discuss the etiology and management of DISH based on the literature review.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of two patients with DISH and anterior cervical osteophytes. We reviewed the preoperative and postoperative images and clinical history.

Results

Two patients underwent anterior cervical osteophytectomies due to severe dysphagia. At more than a year follow-up, both patients noted improvement in swallowing as well as their associated pain.

Conclusion

The surgical removal of cervical osteophytes can be highly successful in treating dysphagia if refractory to prolonged conservative therapy.
Sacral Stress Fracture Mimicking Lumbar Radiculopathy in a Mounted Police Officer: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bednar Drew A. , Almansoori Khaled
Published: February 2015

Study Design

Case report and review of the literature.

Objective

To present a unique case of L5 radiculopathy caused by a sacral stress fracture without neurologic compression.

Methods

We present our case and its clinical evolution and review the available literature on similar pathologies.

Results

Relief of the unusual mechanical loading causing sacral stress fracture led to rapid resolution of radiculopathy.

Conclusion

L5 radiculopathy can be caused by a sacral stress fracture and can be relieved by simple mechanical treatment of the fracture.
Improving liver fibrosis diagnosis based on forward and backward second harmonic generation signals
Authors: Peng Qiwen , Zhuo Shuangmu , So Peter T. C. , Yu Hanry
Published: February 2015

The correlation of forward second harmonic generation (SHG) signal and backward SHG signal in different liver fibrosis stages was investigated. We found that three features, including the collagen percentage for forward SHG, the collagen percentage for backward SHG, and the average intensity ratio of two kinds of SHG signals, can quantitatively stage liver fibrosis in thioacetamide-induced rat model. We demonstrated that the combination of all three features by using a support vector machine classification algorithm can provide a more accurate prediction than each feature alone in fibrosis diagnosis.
Hyperglycaemia and lipid differentially impair mouse oocyte developmental competence
Authors: Wong Siew L. , Wu Linda L. , Robker Rebecca L. , Thompson Jeremy G. , McDowall Melanie L. Sutton
Published: February 2015

Maternal diabetes and obesity are characterised by elevated blood glucose, insulin and lipids, resulting in upregulation of specific fuel-sensing and stress signalling pathways. Previously, we demonstrated that, separately, upregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP; under hyperglycaemic conditions) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (due to hyperlipidaemia) pathways reduce blastocyst development and alter oocyte metabolism. In order to begin to understand how both glucose and lipid metabolic disruptions influence oocyte developmental competence, in the present study we exposed mouse cumulus–oocyte complexes to hyperglycaemia (30 mM) and/or lipid (40 μM) and examined the effects on embryo development. The presence of glucosamine (GlcN; a hyperglycaemic mimetic) or increased lipid during in vitro maturation severely perturbed blastocyst development (P < 0.05). Hyperglycaemia, GlcN and hyperglycaemia + lipid treatments significantly increased HBP activity, increasing total O-linked glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins (P < 0.0001). All treatments also induced ER stress pathways, indicated by the expression of specific ER stress genes. The expression of genes encoding the HBP enzymes glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (Gfpt2) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (Ogt) was repressed following lipid treatment (P < 0.001). These findings partially implicate the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation and ER stress as likely contributors to compromised fertility of obese women.
KMnO4 determination of active carbon for laboratory routines: three long-term field experiments in Austria
Authors: Tatzber M. , Schlatter N. , Baumgarten A. , Dersch G. , Körner R. , Lehtinen T. , Unger G. , Mifek E. , Spiegel H.
Published: February 2015

Recent studies show that a labile soil carbon (C) fraction determined with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) reflects the type of soil management. The present study combines the method for determining the active C (AC) pool with an alternative titration of the 0.02 m KMnO4 solution with sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) for routine laboratory analyses. Three long-term field experiments investigated: (i) different cropping systems and 14C-labelled organic amendments, (ii) three different tillage systems, and (iii) the application of four different kinds of compost. The results showed the depletion of AC in the permanent bare-fallow system of the 14C-labelled field experiment. When calculating the ratio AC/total organic C (TOC), the depletion of the AC/TOC curve reflected a priming effect, in accord with previous work. We obtained significant positive correlations of AC with TOC, total nitrogen (Nt), humic acid-C and remaining 14C-labelled material. The AC in the tillage systems experiment was significantly (P < 0.05) different between all three tillage treatments at 0–10 cm depth, and the ratio AC/TOC also revealed a significant difference between minimum and conventional tillage treatments at 10–20 cm. For the compost field experiment, significant differences occurred between plots fertilised solely with N and plots receiving organic amendments. The AC/TOC ratio of the sewage sludge amendment was significantly lower than in all other systems. Correlations of AC with TOC for all samples of the different long-term field experiments revealed different behaviours in different soil types. The correlations of AC with Nt showed higher coefficients than with TOC. The applied methodology has a potential for sensitive and reliable detections of differences in soil organic matter characteristics.
Refashioning a Field? Connected Consumers and Institutional Dynamics in Markets
Authors: Dolbec Pierre-Yann , Fischer Eileen
Published: February 2015

We investigate the participation of engaged consumers in the fashion market through the lens of institutional theory. We develop theoretical insights on the unintended market-level changes that ensue when consumers who are avidly interested in a field connect to share ideas with one another. We find that consumers take on some of the institutional work previously done primarily by paid actors and introduce new forms of institutional work supportive of the field. We show that engaged consumers can precipitate the formation of new categories of actors in the field and the contestation of boundaries between established and emergent actor categories. Further, we propose that new consumer-focused institutional logics gain momentum, even while consumers support and promote preexisting logics through their practices. We compare cases where discontented market actors have brought about market changes with our investigation of one where contented consumers unintentionally precipitated market-level dynamics, and we show that the accumulation of consumers’ micro-level practices can have pervasive and profound impacts.
A new collision avoidance model for pedestrian dynamics*
Authors: Wang Qian-Ling , Chen Yao , Dong Hai-Rong , Zhou Min , Ning Bin
Published: February 2015

The pedestrians can only avoid collisions passively under the action of forces during simulations using the social force model, which may lead to unnatural behaviors. This paper proposes an optimization-based model for the avoidance of collisions, where the social repulsive force is removed in favor of a search for the quickest path to destination in the pedestrian’s vision field. In this way, the behaviors of pedestrians are governed by changing their desired walking direction and desired speed. By combining the critical factors of pedestrian movement, such as positions of the exit and obstacles and velocities of the neighbors, the choice of desired velocity has been rendered to a discrete optimization problem. Therefore, it is the self-driven force that leads pedestrians to a free path rather than the repulsive force, which means the pedestrians can actively avoid collisions. The new model is verified by comparing with the fundamental diagram and actual data. The simulation results of individual avoidance trajectories and crowd avoidance behaviors demonstrate the reasonability of the proposed model.