bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reseña: Travels, Travellers and Travelogues… López-Burgos del Barrio, Mª Antonia Y José Ruiz Mas (eds)
Authors: Redondo Olmedilla José Carlos
Published: May 2017

.
Xenophobia in Spain: A comparative empirical analysis between two Autonomous Communities
Authors: Herranz de Rafael Gonzalo
Published: May 2017

Resumen: El artículo es un estudio cuantitativo sobre la xenofobia en España durante los años noventa. Analiza la xenofobia existente en dos comunidades autónomas españolas: Andalucía y Cataluña, con diferentes estados de modernización. Se usan dos modelos de correlación de Pearson´s para intentar medir ambos niveles de xenofobia. Los resultados muestran que los mayores o menores niveles de modernización no explican en sí mismo los niveles de xenofobia. Abstract: This article is a quantitative study on xenophobia in Spain during the nineties. It comparatively analyses the level of xenophobia that exists in two Spanish Autonomous Communities; Andalusia and Catalonia, which are at different stages of modernisation. Using two models of Pearson´s correlations we try to analyse the level of xenophobia in both regions. This states that the greater or smaller level of modernization reached by a society is not sufficient in itself to explain the greater or smaller level of xenophobia.
Prostitución, feminismos y derecho penal
Authors: Maqueda Abreu María Luisa
Published: May 2017

.
Sport facing cultural diversity. Integration and intercultural dialogue in Europe: analysis and practical example
Authors: García-Arjona Noemi
Published: May 2017

.
An interview with Cécile Oumhani: The Arab Spring
Authors: González Alarcón Isabel Esther
Published: May 2017

Resumen: Las revoluciones en el mundo árabe de 2010 y 2011, denominadas por distintos medios como la Primavera árabe componen una serie de alzamientos populares en los países del norte de África. Son unas revueltas sin precedentes ya que si bien ha habido con anterioridad numerosos movimientos de protesta éstos se habían caracterizado por nacer de golpes de Estado militares que daban paso a gobiernos autoritarios con o sin apoyo popular. Sin embargo las sublevaciones populares de ahora han salido a la calle a pedir una instauración de la democracia así como una mejora de las condiciones de vida. La escritora Cécile Oumhani, desde la retaguardia, lucha y da voz a aquellos que no pueden expresarse. En estos momentos se halla en pleno combate por la liberación del pueblo árabe y hemos de agradecerle enormemente que nos haya dedicado su tiempo y estas palabras. Abstract: The revolutions in the Arab world from 2010 and 2011 known by varying media as the “Arab Spring” was made up of a series of popular uprisings in countries in North Africa. They are unprecedented revolts. Before, there had been numerous protests, these were characterized because they arose from military coups which were followed by the establishment of authoritarian governments, with or without popular support. However the popular uprisings happening now have come out onto the street to demand the establishment of democracy as well as a improvement in living conditions. The writer Cécile Oumhani, has always fought and spoken for those who could not express themselves. She has been there, at those moments, right in the middle of combat, for the liberation of the Arab people and we are very grateful to her for dedicating her time and thoughts.
Novedades en la residencia temporal, el arraigo y otras circunstancias excepcionales para residir legalmente en España tras las reformas en la Ley y el Reglamento de Extranjería
Authors: Trinidad García María Luisa , Martín Martín Jaime
Published: May 2017

Resumen: Este trabajo analiza el nuevo marco jurídico derivado de las últimas reformas de la Ley y el Reglamento de Extranjería en materia de residencia temporal no lucrativa, y los principales supuestos de residencia por circunstancias excepcionales, dejando al margen -por su especificidad- el arraigo de las mujeres extranjeras víctimas de violencia de género del art. 31 bis de la Ley. El legislador mejora la sistemática, precisa los requisitos, en especial, los medios económicos y apela a la situación nacional de empleo como posible razón para limitar el arraigo social; criterios económicos que flexibiliza la jurisprudencia tanto legalmente en los casos de arraigo del art. 31.3 de la Ley Orgánica 2/2009, de 11 de diciembre (en adelante LOEx), como en su desarrollo reglamentario (RD 557/2011 de 20 de abril, en adelante RELOEx). Abstract: This paper examine the new legal framework derived from recent reforms on the Spanish Immigration Act and Regulation regarding nonprofit temporary residence and main examples of residence under exceptional circumstances (leaving aside –because its specificity- the case of foreign women victims of gender violence in art. 31 bis of the Act). The legislator improves the systematic, precise the requirements, especially those relating to economic measures, and appeals to the national employment situation as a possible reason for limiting the social roots. Not forgetting that case law has established the view that it should not constrain the scope of recognition of the regularization situations referred in art. 31.3 of the Organic Act 2/2009 of 11 December (hereinafter LOEX), and the examples developed by Regulation (hereinafter RELOEX) and adopting a flexible view for consideration of economic resources
El impacto de la crisis económica sobre la movilidad internacional de los residentes extranjeros en la provincia de Alicante
Authors: Mantecón Alejandro , Huete Raquel , Estévez Jesús
Published: May 2017

Introducción: En este estudio se investigan los efectos de la crisis económica en los flujos migratorios internacionales. Específicamente, se realiza un análisis comparado sobre los comportamientos en la movilidad residencial de los principales grupos de residentes a partir de las Estadísticas de Variaciones Residenciales (EVR) de 2005 a 2010 en Alicante.Método: Se analizan los microdatos de las EVR para comparar las entradas y salidas de inmigrantes procedentes de los países que aglutinan a las personas que se trasladan orientadas por motivos más cercanos a la esfera del ocio que a la del trabajo, con el grupo de nacionalidades que concentra a la mayoría de los inmigrantes laborales que llegaron atraídos por las ofertas de empleo generadas con la expansión del sector inmobiliario.Resultados: Entre los años 2007 y 2009 se redujeron mucho las variaciones residenciales de entrada en la provincia Alicante desde el extranjero, mientras que se incrementaron las variaciones relacionadas con las salidas. Aunque existen diferencias en el balance de entradas y salidas según la zona de la provincia, la nacionalidad y la edad de los migrantes, la crisis parece asociarse con una tendencia a la reducción del número de residentes extranjeros en general.Discusión o Conclusión: Se concluye que la crisis no sólo ha generado un éxodo de los ciudadanos con menos recursos económicos, también ha provocado la salida masiva de aquellos otros inmigrantes cuya presencia en España se asocia con el consumo. Introduction: The economic crisis effects on the international migration flows are examined in this study. Specifically we carry out a comparative analysis of the residential mobility patterns of the main groups of residents from the Residential Variation Statistics since 2005 to 2010 in Alicante.Method: We compare the cluster of immigrants from countries where people move for leisure-oriented reasons and the group of nationalities that concentrates most labour migrants, attracted by the jobs that the expansion of the real state sector generated.Results: Between 2007 and 2009, there was a large reduction in the entry of foreigners to Alicante province. At the same time, our analysis shows that more foreigners left the province. Although there are differences in the balance of entries and departures by region, nationality and age of migrants, the economic crisis appears to be associated with a clear negative generalized balance affecting all profiles of foreigners.Discussion or Conclusion: We conclude that the crisis has not only led to an exodus of citizens with less economic resources, it has also caused the mass departure of those other immigrants whose presence in Spain is associated with consumption.
The Unsupported Upper Limb Exercise Test in People Without Disabilities: Assessing the Within-Day Test–Retest Reliability and the Effects of Age and Gender
Authors: Oliveira Ana , Cruz Joana , Jácome Cristina , Marques Alda
Published: May 2017

Purpose: To estimate the within-day test–retest reliability and standard error of measurement (SEM) of the unsupported upper limb exercise test (UULEX) in adults without disabilities and to determine the effects of age and gender on performance of the UULEX. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 adults without disabilities (44 men, mean age 44.2 [SD 26] y; 56 women, mean age 38.1 [SD 24.1] y). Participants performed three UULEX tests to establish within-day reliability, measured using an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) model 2 (two-way random effects) with a single rater (ICC[2,1]) and SEM. The effects of age and gender were examined using two-factor mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. For analysis purposes, four sub-groups were created: younger adults, older adults, men, and women. Results: Excellent within-day reliability and a small SEM were found in the four sub-groups (younger adults: ICC[2,1]=0.88; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.92; SEM∼40 s; older adults: ICC[2,1]=0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.90; SEM∼50 s; men: ICC[2,1]=0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.96; SEM∼30 s; women: ICC[2,1]=0.85; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.91; SEM∼45 s). Younger adults took, on average, 308.24 seconds longer than older adults to perform the test; older adults performed significantly better on the third test (p<0.0001; η2=0.096). Gender effects were not found (p>0.05). Conclusion: The within-day test–retest reliability and SEM values of the UULEX may be used to define the magnitude of the error obtained with repeated measures. One UULEX test seems to be adequate for younger adults to achieve reliable results, whereas three tests seem to be needed for older adults.
Microstructure of spherical particles generated in high-speed machining of an alloy steel
Authors: Su Guosheng , Guan Yanjin , Liu Zhanqiang
Published: May 2017

Crystal-packed, honeycomb-like, and partially developed spherical particles constituted of small crystals have been found in chips yielded in high-speed machining of alloy steel AerMet100. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy examination of the chips were carried out to investigate the formation mechanism of the spherical particles. Results show that, depending on chip size and shape, chip melting completeness changes greatly, and the solidification process of the melted chips and the final microstructure of the spherical particles are controlled by heat dissipation rate.
Citizenship as individual responsibility through personal investment
Authors: Pastuhov Annika , Rusk Fredrik
Published: May 2017

The aim of this article is to shed light on how the democratic ideal of institutionalised Nordic popular education is realised through an ethnographic field study in an English as a foreign language study circle. The study focuses on how participants express their citizenship when taking part in the study circle. Citizenship is viewed as a dynamic concept comprising the aspects of ‘being’ and ‘acting’ and constructed in and through social interaction. The study circle is arranged as a classroom practice: The study circle leader organises the activities, while the participants engage in exercises and attempt to learn correct usage. Through their participation, the participants take individual responsibility for what they see as their lack of sufficient knowledge of English. The participants describe their participation as a personal and voluntary investment in themselves. In light of the study, the individual stance is discussed as limiting possibilities for responsibility and thus expressions of citizenship.
Oncogenic Role of MicroRNA-30b-5p in Glioblastoma Through Targeting Proline-Rich Transmembrane Protein 2
Authors: Li Zhongjun , Guo Junxiu , Ma Yujie , Zhang Longbo , Lin Zhixiong
Published: May 2017

MicroRNAs (miRs) have been found to play promoting or suppressive roles in different human cancers. However, the exact regulatory mechanism of miR-30b in glioblastoma remains unknown. Here we have shown that the expression of miR-30b is significantly increased in glioblastoma tissues
and cell lines. Moreover, a high expression of miR-30b is significantly associated with a shorter survival time for glioblastoma patients. Knockdown of miR-30b caused a significant reduction in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of U87 and A172 cells. Proline-rich transmembrane protein
2 (PRRT2) was further identified as a novel target gene of miR-30b, and its protein expression is negatively regulated by miR-30b in U87 and A172 cells. Furthermore, PRRT2 is significantly downregulated in glioblastoma tissues and cell lines, and we found an inverse correlation between miR-30b
and PRRT2 expression in glioblastoma tissues. In addition, inhibition of PRRT2 reversed the suppressive effect of miR-30b downregulation on the malignant phenotypes of U87 and A172 cells. Accordingly, we demonstrated that miR-30b promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via targeting PRRT2. Therefore, miR-30b may be used as a promising therapeutic target for glioblastoma.
[ARTICLE WITHDRAWN] Downregulation of SRC Kinase Signaling Inhibitor 1 (SRCIN1) Expression by MicroRNA-32 Promotes Proliferation and Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition in Human Liver Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Ren , Liao Jin-Yao , Huang Jing , Chen Wen-Li , Ma Xiao-Jun , Luo Xiao-Dan
Published: May 2017

THIS ARTICLE WAS WITHDRAWN BY THE PUBLISHER IN NOVEMBER 2020
AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence
Authors: Kotin Pavel Aleksandrovich , Bubenov Sergey Sergeevich , Mordvinova Natalia Evgenievna , Dorofeev Sergey Gennadievich
Published: May 2017

We report the synthesis of colloidal CdSe quantum dots doped with a novel Ag precursor: AgCl. The addition of AgCl causes dramatic changes in the morphology of synthesized nanocrystals from spherical nanoparticles to tetrapods and finally to large ellipsoidal nanoparticles. Ellipsoidal nanoparticles possess an intensive near-IR photoluminescence ranging up to 0.9 eV (ca. 1400 nm). In this article, we explain the reasons for the formation of the ellipsoidal nanoparticles as well as the peculiarities of the process. The structure, Ag content, and optical properties of quantum dots are also investigated. The optimal conditions for maximizing both the reaction yield and IR photoluminescence quantum yield are found.
Évaluation locale d’un problème global : la représentation sociale du changement climatique en France et au Groenland
Authors: Michel-Guillou Élisabeth , Richard Isabelle , Weiss Karine
Published: May 2017

L’existence d’un changement du climat fait consensus au sein de la communauté scientifique. Elle implique à la fois une gestion politique internationale et une prise de conscience à tous les niveaux sociaux et institutionnels. Malgré l’importance de cette thématique, le niveau de connaissance et de compréhension du phénomène reste partiel et très inégal selon les contextes géoclimatiques et socioculturels. Cette étude s’intéresse à des populations contrastées afin de recueillir leurs connaissances et représentations du changement climatique : en France et au Groenland, des agriculteurs et gestionnaires de l’eau ont été interrogés à l’aide d’entretiens semi-directifs. Pour l’ensemble des enquêtés, il ressort que le changement climatique et ses conséquences sont perçus (réchauffement, sécheresses, etc.). À l’évidence, des différences apparaissent dans la perception des modifications climatiques locales selon les contextes géoclimatiques. Mais globalement, pour les interviewés, la gestion du phénomène reste problématique et, notamment, en termes de projection dans l’avenir.
Pratiques éducatives parentales en contexte de gémellité : effets du type de gémellité, du sexe et du tempérament des enfants
Authors: Lamarque Marie , Troupel Olivia , Zaouche-Gaudron Chantal
Published: May 2017

L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner les rôles respectifs du type de gémellité, du sexe et du tempérament d’enfants jumeaux âgés de 3 à 5 ans sur la mise en œuvre des pratiques éducatives de leurs deux parents (n = 132). Sur la base d’une approche quantitative, les mères et les pères renseignent trois questionnaires. Cette étude permet de soulever, entre autres, le rôle prépondérant du tempérament, bien plus que le type de gémellité et le sexe des enfants, dans la prédiction des pratiques éducatives parentales (PEP) et ce, qu’elles soient spécifiques ou non à la gémellité.
Aptitude à la mentalisation parentale, disposition à la conscience de soi et stress parental chez les mères d’enfants âgés de 1 à 4 ans
Authors: Garelli Cécile , Wendland Jaqueline
Published: May 2017

La mentalisation parentale orientée vers l’enfant est un concept récent dans le champ de la parentalité. Ses bénéfices pour le développement de l’enfant ont été largement étudiés, mais on connaît peu sur les caractéristiques des parents qui présentent cette aptitude. Dans cette étude, nous avons exploré les liens entre l’aptitude à la mentalisation parentale, la disposition à la conscience de soi et le niveau de stress parental auprès de trente-huit mères d’enfants âgés de 1 à 4 ans. Les mères les plus aptes à la mentalisation parentale sont aussi celles qui présentent l’aptitude à la conscience de soi la plus élevée, notamment dans les dimensions de conscience de soi publique et d’anxiété sociale. De plus, les mères ayant les niveaux les plus élevés d’anxiété sociale ont aussi les niveaux les plus élevés de stress parental, mais aucun lien n’a été montré entre l’aptitude à la mentalisation parentale et le niveau de stress parental.
Perspective attachementiste dans la profession d’animateur pour enfants : réflexion basée sur une étude d’observation participative
Authors: Tessier Marine , Tereno Susana
Published: May 2017

Cet article présente une réflexion sur l’attachement de l’enfant dans le contexte de sa relation aux professionnels de l’enfance. Il s’attarde à la relation plus spécifique qu’entretient l’enfant d’âge maternel (3-5 ans) avec ses animateurs périscolaires. Les difficultés des animateurs à répondre de manière sécure aux besoins d’attachement de l’enfant ont été identifiées, ainsi que leurs causes éventuelles, par l’intermédiaire d’observations et d’entretiens menés auprès d’animateurs et de directeurs d’accueil de loisirs. Le contenu d’une séance d’initiation à l’attachement réalisée auprès de ces animateurs et directeurs est enfin présenté.
Le motif cartésien dans la phénoménologie polonaise (1895-2015) : Transformations, polémiques, perspectives
Authors: Płotka Witold , Adamski Dariusz
Published: May 2017

L’article constitue un essai de caractéristique du motif cartésien dans la phénoménologie polonaise, dès ses premières réactions jusqu’à ses formulations les plus récentes. Son autre objectif est de présenter les positions, les argumentations et les transformations principales qui, toutes ensemble, forment le motif cartésien. Par « motif cartésien », l’auteur entend un ensemble de questions, de problèmes et de propositions de les résoudre, liés entre eux et se rapportant aux éléments spécifiques des philosophies de Descartes et de Husserl. Cet article, en présentant les penseurs choisis, essaie de cerner de plus près ce qu’est le motif cartésien. Dans ce contexte, il a encore pour objectif de déterminer la direction possible que peut prendre le développement de la phénoménologie non-cartésienne. L’auteur défend la position selon laquelle le cartésianisme de la phénoménologie résulte surtout de la façon dont cette philosophie a été exposée. D’après lui, une application de la méthode phénoménologique avec des visées modérées élargit le champ des recherches phénoménologiques.
La perception et l’idée : une double direction du cartésianisme de Twardowski
Authors: Starzyński Wojciech
Published: May 2017

Cet article est une présentation du premier ouvrage de Casimir Twardowski publié en 1892 sous le titre Idee und Perception. Eine erkenntnistheoretische Untersuchung aus Descartes . Son exposé du cartésianisme procède en deux temps. Premièrement, il se lance dans une analyse épistémologique de ce qu’est la perception en fonction de sa clarté et de sa distinction où perceptio se trouve rapproché de la notion brentanienne de innere Wahrnehmung . Deuxièmement, Twardowski mène une analyse de ce qu’est l’idée en tant que distincte et claire, ce que cette fois le philosophe polonais associe à la notion de Begriff anticipant ainsi la problématique de la représentation logique ou celle de la méthodologie des sciences. Ce faisant, le jeune Twardowski semble esquisser deux démarches possibles issues du cartésianisme : une démarche phénoménologique qui met en œuvre les descriptions de la subjectivité entendue comme ensemble des actes, et une démarche logique centrée sur la problématique du concept.
Puente Cañas
Authors: Sáenz Luis
Published: May 2017

En la carretera de Trinidad a Cienfuegos, provincia de Las Villas (Cuba), se ha construido un puente isostático sobre el río Cañas, de hormigón pretensado, de tres tramos, cuya sección transversal es celular de tres tabiques formando un doble cajón. Los dos tramos laterales o accesos al central, de 15,5 m de luz cada uno, se han construido en voladizo respecto a los dos apoyos centrales. El tramo central salva un vano de 76 m.
Puente sobre el río Andarax
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: May 2017

El aumento continuo que está experimentando actualmente en España el tráfico por carretera, crea problemas de distinta naturaleza, que se refieren unos, al ensanchamiento y mejora de las calzadas; otros, a la visibilidad, pendientes, curvas, etc., y, como consecuencia de ello, la reforma y nuevas construcciones de obras de fábrica.
Revestimiento de canales
Authors: Woll A.
Published: May 2017

La maquinaria moderna alemana empleada para el revestimiento de canales de gran sección, presenta grandes ventajas de economía, rendimiento, regularidad e impermeabilidad de la construcción. Para la aplicación de esta maquinaria —inicialmente se ha procedido a la excavación del canal mediante el empleo de maquinaria ordinaria de desmonte y la maquinaria especial— comienza su trabajo con el enrase de las cotas previstas.
Oceanorium de Palos Verdes
Authors: Pereira y Luckman Arquitectos
Published: May 2017

Publicado en el número 72 de INFORMES el conjunto de este proyecto, con el título de «Centro marítimo de turismo», en este artículo completamos su documentación con una exposición más detallada de las obras ya ejecutadas.
Centro Nacional de deportes – Londres
Authors: Martín J. L.
Published: May 2017

Aprovechando un espacio que siempre ha sido dedicado a actividades deportivas, y siguiendo la tradición, se han construido una serie de edificios destinados a practicar toda especie de deportes y juegos.
As temáticas nacionais na historiografia latino-americana
Authors: Moreira Luiz Felipe Viel
Published: May 2017

Esta mesa-redonda foi organizada a partir do encontro de seus autores em um simpósio sobre historiografia no 55º Congresso Internacional de Americanistas, que ocorreu em julho de 2015, em San Salvador (El Salvador). O simpósio em questão foi o de número 69, Historia de la historiografía latinoamericana: nuevas miradas y debates contemporáneos.

Os trabalhos aqui apresentados pelo guatemalteco Jose Edgardo Cal Montoya, “La historia como profesión”: el aporte de Ernesto Chinchilla Aguilar a la historiografía guatemalteca y centroamericana e o paraguaio Herib Caballero Campos, Entre Clío y Astra: La Biblioteca Paraguaya del Centro de Estudiantes de Derecho, envolveram estudos historiográficos de temáticas nacionais específicas, respectivamente sobre a figura de um intelectual, e de uma instituição responsável pela divulgação de uma produção do conhecimento. Já os artigos de Coralia Gutiérrez Álvarez (México), Una introducción a la epistemología desde el sur: por una reflexión situada e Felix Raúl Martínez Cleves (Colombia), La historiografía en movimiento. Una aproximación a las historias de ciudades en Colombia buscaram um outro viés na discussão historiográfica. Algo que diz respeito não somente a uma análise crítica, denominador comum a todos os quatro artigos, senão um diálogo com a teoria que implicou deslocar de uma zona de conforto a própria historiografia colombiana, para o caso dos estudos da história das cidades feito por Felix Martínez, e mais amplamente o conjunto das denominadas Ciências Sociais, como a discussão proposta por Coralia Gutiérrez.

A mim coube analisar os quatro artigos, bem como buscar apontar possíveis diálogos entre os mesmos. Uma menor propensão de minha parte a debates teóricos, e uma maior facilidade a estudos com base mais histórica, como nos trabalhos de Jose Cal e Herib Caballero, se refletiram na maior extensão que dei no trato destes últimos; nada mais do que isso. E de antemão quero agradecer a Felix Martínez, cujos esclarecimentos possibilitaram divisar melhor uma ponte entre todos os trabalhos.
Host-Derived CD70 Suppresses Murine Graft-versus-Host Disease by Limiting Donor T Cell Expansion and Effector Function
Authors: Leigh Nicholas D. , O’Neill Rachel E. , Du Wei , Chen Chuan , Qiu Jingxin , Ashwell Jonathan D. , McCarthy Philip L. , Chen George L. , Cao Xuefang
Published: May 2017

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematologic and immunologic diseases. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) may develop when donor-derived T cells recognize and damage genetically distinct normal host tissues. In addition to TCR signaling, costimulatory pathways are involved in T cell activation. CD27 is a TNFR family member expressed on T cells, and its ligand, CD70, is expressed on APCs. The CD27/CD70 costimulatory pathway was shown to be critical for T cell function and survival in viral infection models. However, the role of this pathway in allo-HCT is previously unknown. In this study, we have examined its contribution in GVHD pathogenesis. Surprisingly, Ab blockade of CD70 after allo-HCT significantly increases GVHD. Interestingly, whereas donor T cell– or bone marrow–derived CD70 plays no role in GVHD, host-derived CD70 inhibits GVHD as CD70−/− hosts show significantly increased GVHD. This is evidenced by reduced survival, more severe weight loss, and increased histopathologic damage compared with wild-type hosts. In addition, CD70−/− hosts have higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17. Moreover, accumulation of donor CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells is increased in CD70−/− versus wild-type hosts. Mechanistic analyses suggest that CD70 expressed by host hematopoietic cells is involved in the control of alloreactive T cell apoptosis and expansion. Together, our findings demonstrate that host CD70 serves as a unique negative regulator of allogeneic T cell response by contributing to donor T cell apoptosis and inhibiting expansion of donor effector T cells.
A Novel α9 Integrin Ligand, XCL1/Lymphotactin, Is Involved in the Development of Murine Models of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Matsumoto Naoki , Kon Shigeyuki , Nakatsuru Takuya , Miyashita Tomoe , Inui Kyosuke , Saitoh Kodai , Kitai Yuichi , Muromoto Ryuta , Kashiwakura Jun-ichi , Uede Toshimitsu , Matsuda Tadashi
Published: May 2017

The integrin α9β1 is a key receptor involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed mechanism for the association of α9β1 integrin with its ligands remains unclear. In this study, we introduce XCL1/lymphotactin, a member of the chemokine family, as a novel ligand for α9 integrin. Using α9 integrin–overexpressing NIH3T3 cells and endogenously α9 integrin–expressing human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, the interaction between XCL1 and α9 integrin was confirmed by pull-down assays. XCL1 enhanced α9 integrin–dependent cell migration of these cells, thus acting on α9 integrin as a chemoattractant. We also analyzed the in vivo function of XCL1 in the development of anti-type II collagen Ab–induced inflammatory arthritis (CAIA) in BALB/c mice and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice, because α9 integrin is involved in these autoimmune disease models. In CAIA, recombinant XCL1 aggravated the disease and this exacerbation was inhibited by an anti-α9 integrin Ab. An XCL1-neutralizing Ab produced in this study also ameliorated CAIA. Furthermore, the XCL1-neutralizing Ab abrogated the disease progression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Therefore, to our knowledge this study provides the first in vitro and in vivo evidence that the interaction between XCL1 and α9 integrin has an important role for autoimmune diseases.
The Influence of MHC Class II on B Cell Defects Induced by Invariant Chain/CD74 N-Terminal Fragments
Authors: Schneppenheim Janna , Loock Ann-Christine , Hüttl Susann , Schweizer Michaela , Lüllmann-Rauch Renate , Oberg Hans-Heinrich , Arnold Philipp , Lehmann Christian H. K. , Dudziak Diana , Kabelitz Dieter , Lucius Ralph , Lennon-Duménil Ana-Maria , Saftig Paul , Schröder Bernd
Published: May 2017

The invariant chain (CD74) mediates assembly and targeting of MHC class II (MHCII) complexes. In endosomes, CD74 undergoes sequential degradation by different proteases, including cathepsin S (CatS) and the intramembrane protease signal peptide peptidase-like 2a (SPPL2a). In their absence, CD74 N-terminal fragments (NTFs) accumulate. In SPPL2a−/− B cells, such an NTF impairs endosomal trafficking and BCR signal transduction. In mice, this leads to a loss of splenic B cells beyond the transitional stage 1. To gain insight into CD74 determinants and the role of MHCII, we compared B cells from CatS−/−, SPPL2a−/−, and SPPL2a-MHCII double-deficient mice. We assessed differentiation of B cells in bone marrow and spleen and analyzed their endosomal morphology, BCR expression, and signal transduction. We demonstrate that MHCII is dispensable for the B cell phenotype of SPPL2a−/− mice, further supporting a CD74-intrinsic effect. Despite significant vacuolization of endosomal compartments similar to SPPL2a−/− B cells, CatS−/− traditional stage 1 B cells show unimpaired degradation of endocytic cargo, have intact BCR signaling, and do not exhibit any relevant defects in maturation. This could indicate that CD74 NTF–induced structural changes of endosomes are not directly involved in these processes. We further found that the block of CD74 degradation in CatS−/− B cells is incomplete, so that NTF levels are significantly lower than in SPPL2a−/− B cells. This suggests a dose dependency and threshold for the CD74 NTF–associated impairment of B cell signaling and maturation. In addition, different functional properties of the longer, MHCII-bound CD74 NTF could contribute to the milder phenotype of CatS−/− B cells.
Antigen-Specific T Cell Analysis Reveals That Active Immune Responses to β Cell Antigens Are Focused on a Unique Set of Epitopes
Authors: Yang Junbao , Wen Xiaomin , Xu Hengyu , Torres-Chinn Nadia , Speake Cate , Greenbaum Carla J. , Nepom Gerald T. , Kwok William W.
Published: May 2017

CD38 is an activation marker that is present on recently activated T cells, but absent on resting memory T cells. In this study, we show that CD45RO+CD38+ β cell Ag-specific CD4+ T cells were present at higher frequencies in type 1 diabetes subjects compared with those in healthy subjects. These results imply an ongoing β cell immunity years after onset of diabetes and suggest these activated T cells have an active role in the disease process. The Ag specificities of these activated T cells were determined by a novel CD154 T cell epitope mapping assay. Although each patient usually had a unique set of epitopes recognized by these T cells, two epitopes, DR0401-restricted modified preproinsulin peptide 78–90K88S and zinc transport 8 266–285, were repeatedly identified in multiple subjects. Identifying these T cells and their specific antigenic epitopes might provide immunotherapeutic targets for personalized therapies.
A case of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome associated with floppy eyelid syndrome: positive effect of CPAP therapy
Authors: Porta Roberto , Comini Laura , Barbano Luca , Bianchi Luca , Vitacca Michele
Published: May 2017

The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) may be associated with several eyes disorders, among which the most common is the floppy eyelid syndrome (FES). We intended to highlight the association between OSAS and FES and evaluate the effect of FES treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). A 50-year patient with a 10-year history of snoring, sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness associated with several comorbidities has been studied. For six months, several ocular symptoms were present, particularly on waking up in the morning. An overnight respiratory polygraphy was performed at baseline and after CPAP titration. The treatment with CPAP corrects apnea/hypopnea events and rapidly improves patientâ€™s daytime sleepiness and eyes FES-related symptoms. This improvement is already evident after a very short period of treatment.Â
A study to estimate prevalence and risk factors of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome in a semi-urban Indian population
Authors: Singh Abhijeet , Prasad Rajendra , Garg Rajiv , Kant Surya , Hosmane Giridhar B. , Dubey Abhisek , Agarwal Abhisek , Verma Ram Kishun
Published: May 2017

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) has been recognised as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like India. There is still a paucity of Indian studies regarding the prevalence of OSAS. The current single centre prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken to know prevalence estimates for key symptoms and features that can indicate the presence of OSAS in an Indian population. A survey was conducted on subjects with age groups â‰¥ 25 years at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from August 2009 to July 2011. Data was recorded during the interview on the basis of Berlin Questionnaire (BQ). Risk factors for OSAS were also evaluated. Risk group categorization for OSAS was done with the help of a questionnaire and overnight polysomnography was performed in each group to measure apnea and hypopnea index (AHI). Out of 1816 subjects, 1512 (response rate 83.3%) finally participated in the survey with mean age 42.6Â±11.2 years, males 67.9% and females 32.1%. Of them 6.2% were found to be at high-risk OSAS; 12.2% were obese (Body Mass Index â‰¥30 kg/m2) and 33.5% of the obese population were at high-risk OSAS. Among high-risk patients with OSAS, 62.4% had hypertension. Statistically significant and independent risk factors found for OSAS were obesity, large neck size, alcoholism and use of sedatives/tranquillizers. High-risk category predicted an AHI â‰¥5 with a sensitivity of 86.3% (95% CI 73.1-93.8), specificity of 93.1% (95% CI 89.1-95.7), positive and negative predictive values of 70.9% (95% CI 57.9-81.4) and 97.2% (95% CI 94.1-98.8) respectively. It can be concluded that BQ questionnaire can still be used as a pre-assessment tool for predicting persons at risk for OSAS in clinical practice. Further studies on estimation of prevalence of OSAS by applying BQ are warranted in near future from other regions of India.
Palliative treatment of life-threatening hemoptysis with silicone stent insertion in advanced lung cancer
Authors: Barisione Emanuela , Genova Carlo , Grosso Marco , Pasquali Mercedes , Blanco Alessandro , Felletti Raffaella , Salio Mario
Published: May 2017

Massive hemoptysis is a stressful and life-threatening event that can occur in lung cancer patients. The management of this event is usually challenging, and can involve surgery, embolization, and bronchoscopy. Unfortunately, while surgery can offer a definitive solution to hemoptysis, lung cancer patients are often excluded from this approach. On the other hand, bronchial arterial embolization rarely results in long-term control of bleeding. Endoscopy allows a skilled physician to perform mechanical tamponade or laser photocoagulation of bleeding lesions and preserve the main airways. While endoscopic stent placement is usually performed in order to treat stenosis, it has been occasionally employed to isolate and mechanically block the bleeding sites within the bronchial tree. We present the cases of two patients suffering from lung cancer-related life-threatening hemoptysis; both patients were successfully treated by positioning a silicone stent during emergency bronchoscopy. Subsequently, we present a concise review of the available literature.Â
The semantics of the aan-construction in 16th-century Dutch: A semasiological and onomasiological approach
Authors: Rens Dario
Published: May 2017

This article focuses on the semantics of the Dutch aan-construction [NP V NP aan NP], for example, Jan geeft een boek aan Piet (‘Jan gives a book to Piet’) in the 16th-century. In modern Dutch the aan-construction is used as an alternative to the Dutch double object construction, but previous research suggests that the use of ditransitive verbs in the Dutch aan-construction is only a 16th-century innovation – this alternation is called the ‘dative alternation’. However, it is not clear which ditransitive verbs initiated the dative alternation. Colleman (2010) believes that the first instances of the ditransitive use of the aan-construction are concrete physical movements of the direct object from the subject to the indirect object; however, he argues there is no quantitative proof to support those claims. In a self-compiled corpus of 16th-century Dutch, this article tries to find the evidence which is needed to underpin Colleman’s hypothesis by making use of the distinctive collexeme analysis and its diachronic variant. The results show that the first ditransitive instances of the aan-construction are indeed concrete uses, but that there is also an increase in the metaphorical use of the construction.
Multilocus sequence typing of Cryptosporidium hominis from northern India
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Mirdha Bijay Ranjan , Makharia Govind K. , Chaudhry Rama
Published: May 2017

Background & objectives:

Human cryptosporidiosis is endemic worldwide, and at least eight species have been reported in humans; the most common being Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum. Detailed understanding of the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium is increasingly facilitated using standardized universal technique for species differentiation and subtyping. In this study micro- and minisatellite targets in chromosome 6 were used to assess genetic diversity of C. hominis by sequence length polymorphisms along with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Methods:

A total of 84 Cryptosporidium positive stool specimens were subjected to speciation and genotyping using small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) as the target gene. Genetic heterogeneity amongst C. hominis isolates was assessed by sequencing minisatellites, microsatellites and polymorphic markers including genes encoding the 60 kDa glycoprotein (GP60), a 47 kDa protein (CP47), a mucin-like protein (Mucin-1), a serine repeat antigen (MSC6-7) and a 56 kDa transmembrane protein (CP56).

Results:

Of the 84 Cryptosporidium positive stool specimens, 77 (92%) were positive by SSU rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Of these 77 isolates, 54 were identified as C. hominis and 23 as C. parvum. Of all the loci studied by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), GP60 gene could reveal the highest genetic diversity. Population substructure analysis of C. hominis performed by combined sequence length and nucleotide polymorphism showed nine multilocus subtypes, all of which were distinct groups in the study population.

Interpretation & conclusions:

MLST, a powerful discriminatory test, demonstrated both variations and distribution pattern of Cryptosporidium species and its subtypes.
Clinical profile & complications of neurotoxic snake bite & comparison of two regimens of polyvalent anti-snake venom in its treatment
Authors: Sarin Krishna , Dutta Tarun Kumar , Vinod K.V.
Published: May 2017

Background & objectives:

The optimal anti-snake venom (ASV) dose required to treat neurotoxic snake envenomation is not known. Low-dose ASV (national protocol: maximum dose 200 ml) may be as efficacious as the conventional regimen (100 ml six hourly till all symptoms disappear), but a direct comparison of the regimens is not available. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of low-dose ASV regimen against the conventional high-dose regimen.

Methods:

The clinical profile of 51 patients with neurotoxic snake envenomation was studied. Patients were treated with either the national protocol or the conventional protocol for ASV administration. The time to complete recovery of symptoms, duration of mechanical ventilation and total dose of ASV were compared.

Results:

More patients were females (28 vs. 23) bitten in the early morning hours (2400-0600 h). Thirty nine of 51 (76.4%) patients required mechanical ventilation. In terms of progression of neuroparalysis, time to complete resolution of ptosis and occurrence of VAP and ASV reactions, there was no difference. Duration of mechanical ventilation was less with the national protocol (24 vs. 43.5 h). Significantly less amount of ASV was used with the national protocol (224 vs. 982 ml) per patient. There were no mortality or permanent neurological sequelae with either regimen.

Interpretation & conclusions:

In this preliminary study, it was found that the national ASV protocol was as effective as the conventional regimen for neurotoxic snake bites. However, the findings need to be tested in a larger randomized controlled trial for definitive conclusions.
K time & maximum amplitude of thromboelastogram predict post-central venous cannulation bleeding in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Pandey Chandra K. , Saluja Vandana , Gaurav Kumar , Tandon Manish , Pandey Vijay K. , Bhadoria Ajeet S.
Published: May 2017

Background & objectives:

Coagulation and haemostasis are dynamic processes. The haemostatic changes in liver disease affect all aspects of coagulation. The prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) was developed to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy and the activated partial thromboplastin time to investigate inheritable single factor deficiencies. Viscoelastic tests such as thromboelastogram (TEG) give information about dynamics of clot formation (coagulation factor and anticoagulant activity), clot strength (platelets and fibrinogen) and clot stability (finbrinolysis and factor XIII). Administration of blood products before invasive procedures is still guided by INR and platelet count in patients of liver disease. This study was aimed to evaluate the validity of TEG to predict post-procedural bleed after central venous cannulation in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods:

Ninety patients aged 20-70 yr diagnosed with liver cirrhosis requiring elective central venous catheter (CVC) insertion were studied. Platelet count, INR, serum creatinine, TEG and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score were recorded before the procedure. Right-sided internal jugular vein was cannulated. On the basis of presence or absence of post-procedural bleed, patients were divided into bleeding and non-bleeding groups. The CTP score, component of TEG (R - reaction time, K - coagulation time, MA - maximum amplitude and α - angle) and laboratory parameters of both the groups were compared.

Results:

Bleeding was seen more when CTP scores were ≥10 (P=0.05). The K time of 3.05 min or more on thromboelastograph was a significant predictor of bleeding [area under the curve (AUC) 0.694, P=0.047]. MA of 48.8 mm or more was a significant predictor of non-bleeding. INR ≥2.6 was a significant predictor of bleeding (AUC 0.765, P=0.005). K time had a low-positive predictive value of 20 per cent and the positive and negative likelihood ratios of 1.87 and 0.48, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our results show that the cut-off value for INR ≥2.6 and K time ≥3.05 min predict bleeding and MA ≥48.8 mm predicts non-bleeding in patients with cirrhosis undergoing central venous pressure catheter cannulation.
Line probe assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Authors: Desikan Prabha , Panwalkar Nikita , Mirza Shaina Beg , Chaturvedi Aparna , Ansari Kudsia , Varathe Reeta , Chourey Manju , Kumar Pradeep , Pandey Manoj
Published: May 2017

Background & objectives:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex may sometimes not be detected in sputum samples of suspected multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients by line probe assay (LPA) even though they are smear positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). This retrospective analysis was attempted to understand and document our experience with LPA for detection of M. tuberculosis complex and diagnosis of MDR-TB under programmatic conditions.

Methods:

One thousand two hundred and ninety four sputum samples of MDR-TB suspects that were smear positive for AFB, and received from February to November 2013, were tested by LPA for the presence of M. tuberculosis complex and resistance to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin as per the diagnostic mandate of an accredited reference laboratory. As per the mandate, those samples that were negative for M. tuberculosis complex were cultured, and the growth again tested by LPA. A retrospective analysis of the results was carried out.

Results:

M. tuberculosis complex could be detected in 1217 (94.04%) but not in 77 (5.9%) of smear-positive sputum samples. Of the 1217 positive samples, 232 (19.1%) were MDR, 130 (10.6%) were rifampicin monoresistant and 101 (8.3%) were INH monoresistant. Seven hundred and fifty four (61.9%) strains were found to be pansensitive. Overall, 5.1 per cent of the sputum samples were negative for M. tuberculosis complex by LPA and culture. In at least 10 (0.77%) sputum samples smear positive for AFB, M. tuberculosis complex could not be identified by LPA though M. tuberculosis was present, as evidenced by culture positivity.

Interpretation & conclusions:

LPA is a robust technique for diagnosis of drug-resistant TB that has provided the basis for rapid and effective control of drug-resistant TB in India. While the reasons for concomitantly negative LPA and culture results of smear-positive sputum samples from MDR-TB suspects may be many, the possible presence of non-tubercular mycobacteria in these samples and the likelihood of inappropriate therapy in these patients cannot be ruled out. Addition of culture to the diagnostic algorithm may enhance the diagnostic yield.
Fourier transform for quantum $D$-modules via the punctured torus mapping class group
Authors: Brochier Adrien , Jordan David
Published: May 2017

We construct a certain cross product of two copies of the braided dual

\tilde H

of a quasitriangular Hopf algebra

H

, which we call the elliptic double

E_H

, and which we use to construct representations of the punctured elliptic braid group extending the well-known representations of the planar braid group attached to

H

. We show that the elliptic double is the universal source of such representations. We recover the representations of the punctured torus braid group obtained in [15], and hence construct a homomorphism to the Heisenberg double

D_H

, which is an isomorphism if

H

is factorizable.

The universal property of

E_H

endows it with an action by algebra automorphisms of the mapping class group

{\widetilde{\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb Z)}}

of the punctured torus. One such automorphism we call the quantum Fourier transform; we show that when

H=U_q(\mathfrak{g})

, the quantum Fourier transform degenerates to the classical Fourier transform on

D(\mathfrak{g})

as

q\to 1

.