bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of physiochemical changes in two popular strawberry cultivars grown in Iran (cvs. Kurdistan & Selva) during storage time at 4°C
Authors: Jouki Mohammad , Dadashpour Ahmad
Published: January 2013

In this study the effect of storage time on some quality parameters of two
strawberry cultivars fruits storage at 4?C have been evaluated. Several
quality parameters were monitored during the storage period. The samples were
analyzed 1, 7, 14 and 21days during storage. Fruits were analyzed about fruit
weight, sugar content, chromatic parameters L*, a*, b*, fruit firmness, total
titrable acidity, pH, and sensory evaluation. The Kurdistan strawberries retained their weight throughout the experiment as opposed to the Selva strawberries which lost 0.6% of their weight per day because of dehydration.
The Selva cultivar was exceptionally firmer than Kurdistan strawberries. Two cultivars were rich in vitamin C and sugar but these values were more in
Kurdistan cultivar. As expected, Chroma decreased and over the storage time
in two cultivars. The results of this study showed that packaged Kurdistan
strawberries could prove suitable for 7 days at 4?C compare with 4 days for
selva strawberries.
Analysis of inter - population variability Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using morphometric markers
Authors: Lucic Aleksandar , Isajev Vasilije , Rakonjac Ljubinko , Mataruga Milan , Popovic Vladan , Nevenic Radovan , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana
Published: January 2013

The aim of this study is analysis of inter-population variability of Scots
pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using morphometric parameters of cones and
seedlings originating from seven populations in Serbia.The analysis of 1960
cones and their seeds was performed as well as the analysis of morphometric
parameters of seedlings (height and root neck diameter) that were produced
from this seed. Based on the obtained results the significant differences
were noticed in the values of analyzed characters for each population
separately. The biological similarity or distance regarding the analyzed
characters showed a significant population differentiation. By presenting the
preliminary knowledge on the genetic variability of the study populations,
the reported results will contribute to better understanding of the
significance of the analyzed characters in the population differentiation.
Serbian cartography: From engineering to digital
Authors: Zivkovic Dragica
Published: January 2013

Today?s territory of Serbia early appeared on geographical maps as it was a
direct result of its territory in relation to the centres of the ancient
Greek and Roman civilizations. However, cartographic displays have long been
scarce and uneven. Serbia?s separation from mainstream European cartography
has affected its inaccurate displays, taking over data from old maps and
relying on chronicles. This is why Serbia?s displays on maps and its
cartographic heritage have to be observed dualistically, simultaneously as
European cartographic displays of Serbia and Serbian cartography.
Map as a tool for independent learning in geography teaching
Authors: Zivkovic Ljiljana , Jovanovic Slavoljub , Ivanovic Marko
Published: January 2013

There are different views on self-regulation in the learning process, how it
has to be monitored, controlled, which are the circumstances and external
factors that affect independent learning. Dominant are the opinions in which
the self-regulation is treated as interaction of processes related to the
personality, behavioural and contextual processes. Special attention has been
given to motivational strategies and students? desire to focus on goals. By
enabling students to make decisions, set their own goals, make a choice, plan
and organize activities, the development of self-learning and student
autonomy is being encouraged. If students are given the opportunity of
independent activities, effect of self-control in the process of learning and
self-regulation becomes more pronounced. The paper will explain the factors
that influence the process of self-learning that takes place in regular
teaching with the help of map as the basic geographic media.
Tourist valorization of roman imperial city Felix Romuliana
Authors: Beric Dejan , Ivkov-Dzigurski Andjelija , Tomic Nemanja
Published: January 2013

The tourism industry is a great potential for the development of Serbia. The
main characteristics of the existing and potential tourist offer of Serbia
are interesting and diverse natural resources and cultural and historical
heritage. Felix Romuliana, established palace of the Roman emperor Galerius,
is located in the valley of the Black Timok, near Zajecar and the village of
Gamzigrad in eastern Serbia. The palace was built in the late third and early
fourth century, as a testamentary construction. This is where the Roman
emperor was buried and included among the gods. It is the best preserved
example of Roman palatial architecture which in 2007 was added to the List of
World Heritage of UNESCO. One of the key tasks of this paper is to point out
ways of promoting and popularizing this tourism potential that can be used as
a resource for the development of cultural tourism and as such strengthen the
position of Serbia''s tourist offer in Europe. The aim of this paper is
contained in the presentation of the site Felix Romuliana and extraction of
the most important attractiveness through valorization, which on the bases of
historical and cultural significance may be activated for tourism purposes.
Tourist attractiveness of Felix Romuliana archaeological site
Authors: Voza Danijela , Vukovic Milovan
Published: January 2013

Archaeological site Felix Romuliana is located in Eastern Serbia, on the 10th
kilometer of Boljevac - Zajecar road. It represents the remains of the Roman
emperor Gaius Valerius Maximian Gallery?s palace. The value and importance of
this unique monument, which dates from the late Roman period, are shown by
the fact that in 2007. it was included in the UNESCO list of world cultural
heritage. This paper introduces touristic - geographic location of Felix
Romuliana, its artistic value, history and progress of archeological research
as well as protection measures and site management system. The second part
consist the tourist valorization results, made by Hilari du Cros model. Aim
of the article is to determine the manner in which it is possible to make a
presentation of cultural and historic values of the potential tourists (both
domestic and foreign) and to point out the weaknesses and the opportunities
in the tourist valorization. Finally, it can be concluded that the strategy
for tourism development in this area should be based on the promotion of
cultural tourism, which would be the holder of the Gamzigrad archeological
complex.
Radio-continuum observations of small, radially polarised Supernova Remnant J0519-6902 in the large Magellanic cloud
Authors: Bozzetto L.M. , Filipovic M.D. , Urosevic D. , Crawford E.J.
Published: January 2013

We report on new Australian Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) observations of
SNR J0519-6902. The Supernova Remnant (SNR) is small in size (~8 pc) and
exhibits a typical SNR spectrum with ? = -0.53?0.07, with steeper spectral
indices towards the northern limb of the remnant. SNR J0519-6902 contains a
low level of radially orientated polarisation at wavelengths of 3 and 6 cm,
which is typical of younger SNRs. A fairly strong magnetic field was
estimated to ~171?G. The remnant appears to be the result of a typical Type
Ia supernova, sharing many properties with another small and young Type Ia
LMC SNR, J0509-6731.
Astronomical station Vidojevica: In situ test of the ALTA Apogee U42 CCD camera
Authors: Vince O.
Published: January 2013

Currently, the CCD camera most used by observers of the Astronomical
Observatory of Belgrade is the ALTA Apogee U42. It is used for both
photometric and astrometric observations. Therefore, it is very important to
know different measurable parameters which describe the condition of the
camera - linearity, gain, readout noise etc. In this paper, we present a
thorough test of this camera.
Efficacy and safety of once-monthly ibandronate treatment in patients with low bone mineral density – ESTHER study: 24 months of follow-up
Authors: Simic-Pasalic Katarina , ESTHER Study
Published: January 2013

Introduction. Osteoporosis is a major health and economic problem worldwide.
The use of new drugs, such as ibandronate, is aimed at improving treatment of
osteoporosis and currently poor compliance with BP therapy. Objective. To
investigate efficacy and safety of ibandronate applied monthly, orally, in
women with low bone mineral density (BMD). Methods. The prospective study was
conducted in 34 centers in Serbia and included 77 women treated for 24 months
with monthly ibandronate. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by change in
bone mass values obtained by BMD measurement at the end of 24 months
follow-up versus baseline and 12-months follow-up values. Compliance and
safety, i.e. adverse effects (AE) were recorded. Results. Participants were
postmenopausal (96%), osteoporotic (79.7%) females, diagnosed by lumbar spine
DXA measurement (81%), with history of prior BP therapy in 33.8% women. The
physical activity level significantly increased to the substantial level of
activity (5.2% vs. 21.3%, p=0.003) during the study. After 12 and 24 months
of treatment, BMD values significantly increased (p=0.002 and p<0.001). BP
experienced patients improved more than BP na?ve patients at both time points
(p=0.012 and p=0.027, respectively). During the second 12 months of treatment
the adherence was 96%; AE were recorded as mild gastrointestinal disturbances
in 3.9%. Conclusion. Treatment by using ibandronate once monthly for 24
months was generally well tolerated and led to a significant increase in BMD
in women with low BMD.
Results and experiences after 2000 performed hysteroscopies
Authors: Kopitovic Vesna , Budakov Dragan , Trninic-Pjevic Aleksandra , Pop-Trajkovic Sonja , Djurdjevic Srdjan , Ilic Djordje , Bjelica Artur , Kapamadzija Aleksandra , Milatovic Stevan
Published: January 2013

Introduction. Hysteroscopy is one of the oldest endoscopic procedures which
uses the cervix for introducing a telescope to place a camera into the
uterine cavity. Objective The aim of the study was to present our experiences
with this procedure during the long-term work starting from the time when
hysteroscopic method of treatment was first introduced at this Clinic until
today. Methods. This prospective study involved 2000 female patients referred
to the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Novi Sad from January 2005
till January 2011 for diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy. The following
parameters were analyzed: the presence of minor and major pathology of the
endometrium, type of anesthesia, technique of operative work, instruments and
energy used during hysteroscopy and complications. Results. Seventy-eight
percent of all procedures were done under intravenous anesthesia. The most
common operative procedure was polypectomy and the most complicated one was
myomectomy. By histopathological examination of hysteroscopic biopsy
specimens four endometrial carcinomas were revealed. The combination of
mechanical instrument and bipolar energy were used in most of the cases,
while the percentage of complications was extremely low. Conclusion.
Hysteroscopy is a safe, highly sensitive, precise diagnostic and operative
endoscopic procedure. Our experiences and dilemmas open a field for
discussion and offer salutations to everyday problems. The introduction of
this procedure into out-patients conditions has contributed to the efficiency
of the treatment of vaginal pathological processes, thus enabling that the
method has become available to all gynecologists. This fact requires further
study and new results.
Open segmental fractures of the tibia treated by external fixation
Authors: Golubovic Ivan , Vukasinovic Zoran , Stojiljkovic Predrag , Golubovic Zoran , Stamenic Sonja , Najman Stevo
Published: January 2013

Introduction. Open segmental fractures of the tibia are rare but severe
injuries. In these fractures the wide zone of injury (damage of all
structures of the lower leg) creates very unsuitable biological conditions
for healing of the fracture. Objective. The aim of our work was to present
the results of treatment of patients with segmental open fractures of the
tibia treated by external fixation. Methods. We analyzed treatment results of
21 patients with open segmental tibial fractures who were treated using the
method of external fixation at the Clinical Center Nis from January 1, 1995
to July 31, 2010. The average age of the patients was 53 years; the youngest
patient was 27 years and the oldest one 80 years. According to the Gustilo
open fracture classification, there were 3 (14.3%) type I, 6 (28.6%) type II,
8 (38.1%) type IIIA, and 4 (19.0%) type IIIB. All the patients were treated
by a unilateral type Mitkovic external fixator by Traffix Company. Results.
Union was attained in 16 (76.2%) fractures without severe complications
(pseudoarthrosis, chronic osteitis and angular deformities of over 10
degrees). Among severe complications associated with open segmental tibial
fractures, in two cases we registered septic pseudoarthrosis, in one aseptic
pseudoarthrosis and in two large angular deformities of the tibia after
union, with a valgus of over 10 degrees and extremity shortening of over 2 cm
which required additional surgery. Conclusion. External fixation by the use
of Mitkovic external fixator is one of the methods of choice in the treatment
of open segmental tibial fractures, which incorporated with antibiotic
therapy provides good biomehanical conditions for segmental fracture healing
that enables good stability of the segmental tibial fracture and decreases
the risk of deep infections.
Premature ovarian failure
Authors: Vujovic Svetlana , Ivovic Miomira , Tancic-Gajic Milina , Marina Ljiljana , Barac Marija , Arizanovic Zorana , Nenezic Ana , Ivanisevic Maja , Micic Jelena , Sajic Silvija , Micic Dragan
Published: January 2013

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is the occurrence of hypergonadotropic
hypoestrogenic amenorrhea in women under the age of forty years. It is
idiopathic in 74-90% patients. Known cases can be divided into primary and
secondary POF. In primary POF genetic aberrations can involve the X
chromosome (monosomy, trisomy, translocations, deletions) or autosomes.
Genetic mechanisms include reduced gene dosage and non-specific chromosome
effects impairing meiosis, decreasing the pool of primordial follicles and
increasing atresia due to apoptosis or failure of follicle maturation.
Autoimmune ovarian damage is caused by alteration of T-cell subsets and
T-cell mediated injury, increase of autoantibody producing B-cells, a low
number of effector/cytotoxic lymphocyte, which decreases the number and
activity of natural killer cells. Bilateral oophorectomy, chemotherapy,
radiotherapy and infections cause the secondary POF. Symptoms of POF include
irritability, nervousness, loss of libido, depression, lack of concentration,
hot flushes, weight gaining, dry skin, vaginal dryness, frequent infections
etc. The diagnosis is confirmed by the level of FSH of over 40 IU/L and
estradiol below 50 pmol/L in women aged below 40 years. Biochemical and other
hormonal analysis (free thyroxin, TSH, prolactin, testosterone), karyotype
(<30 years of age), ultrasound of the breasts and pelvis are advisable.
Optimal therapy is combined estrogen progestagen therapy given in a
sequential rhythm, after excluding absolute contraindications. Testosterone
can be added to adnexectomized women and those with a low libido. Sequential
estrogen progestagen replacement therapy is the first line therapy for
ovulation induction in those looking for pregnancy and after that oocyte
donation will be advised. Appropriate estro-progestagen therapy improves the
quality of life and prevents complications such as cardiovascular diseases,
osteoporosis, stroke etc.
Risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome in H1N1
Authors: Joob Beuy , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: January 2013

nema
Assessment of deciduous dentition in 6-10 year old school children
Authors: Jankovic Svjetlana , Davidovic Bojana , Ivanovic Mirjana , Lecic Jelena , Tomic Slavoljub
Published: January 2013

Introduction. The emergence of deciduous teeth in the mouth of a child
usually brings a joy to every parent. However, after ?short-time euphoria?
deciduous teeth, in most cases, become the cause of pain, swelling, infection
and further complications. The aim of this study was to assess the status of
deciduous teeth in school children. Material and Methods. The study included
children age 6-10 years from four cities in Republika Srpska. All respondents
were divided in two groups: Group I included those who voluntarily came to be
examined at the dental clinic and the Group II-those who were randomly chosen
in schools. The examination was performed using dental mirror and probe.
Caries verification was carried out by Klein-Palmer system, dmft (d - decay;
m - missing; f - filling), and its related indices: Person caries index (pci)
and Average caries index (aci). In addition, a survey was conducted. Results.
A total number of 228 respondents were examined. Total pci was 96.1%. On
average, each child had aci= 4.17 while 10.52% of the children had fillings
in primary teeth. None of the children had sealed fissures on deciduous
teeth. Physical examination revealed that 12.2% of the children had submucous
abscess in oral cavity. The survey revealed that 3% of children did not have
a tooth brush. Conclusion. The prevalence of caries in primary teeth is high,
despite the fact that the Health Insurance Fund in Republika Srpska covers
full cost for complete restoration of teeth in children up to 15 years old.
Responsibility for the low percentage of healthy and filled teeth is relying
mostly on parents as well as the entire community that should provide
development and availability of public health dental care in all areas.
Biochemical markers in saliva of patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Andjelski-Radicevic Biljana , Dozic Radica , Todorovic Tatjana , Dozic Ivan
Published: January 2013

Diabetes mellitus is metabolic syndrome characterized by disorder in
metabolism of carbon hydrates, lipids and proteins. The diagnosis of diabetes
is established by measuring the blood glucose level using standardized
methods. Frequent monitoring of blood glucose level could be inconvenient for
patients because of possible pain during blood sample taking. In the last few
years biological materials with non invasive sampling, like saliva, have been
analyzed. Research has confirmed that some organic and inorganic components
of saliva are modified in diabetic patients (glucose, lipid and protein
components, oxidative stress markers, electrolytes). Beside other markers,
the analysis of glucose in saliva is an attempt to find a non-invasive and
painless way for frequent monitoring of glucose concentration in diabetic
patients. Collecting saliva is simple and economical, it neither requires
expensive equipment nor specially trained staff. Saliva can be taken many
times and in unlimited quantity. In regards to the data about the
possibilities for using saliva as biological sample in monitoring diabetes
mellitus, which could be alternative to blood serum or plasma, the conclusion
is that saliva becomes more important in this context.
Prosthetics rehabilitation of a male patient with a unique looped metal palate denture: A case report
Authors: Bhatia Vishwas , Bhatia Garima
Published: January 2013

Complete denture can improve both function and aesthetics. Even though
mastication is highly improved, one of the most common problems for new full
upper acrylic denture wearers is lack of feeling sensations such as hot and
cold, loss of taste and fracture in the mid palatal region. These patients
require a denture that allows them to feel sensations as close to normal as
possible. The present case report discusses an alternative way of designing a
metal palate for maxillary complete denture that along with fulfilling the
above mentioned functions, has specially designed loops incorporated in such
manner and directions to improve mechanical interlocking of acrylic within
the metal loops and not to interfere with teeth arrangement.
Restorative approach in prosthetic rehabilitation of unilaterally resorbed maxillary edentulous ridge and partly resorbed mandibular edentulous ridges: A case report
Authors: Postic Srdjan
Published: January 2013

Introduction. The aim of this study was to fabricate a complete upper acrylic
denture and a partial lower acrylic denture and provide occlusal
rehabilitation with added benefit of correcting the position of altered
condyle in a dysfunctional stomatognathic system. Case Report. Procedures for
fabrication of acrylic dentures are thoroughly described. Specific scheme of
occlusion was applied in the treatment of this patent. Occlusal contacts were
established as tripod minor contacts on the side where the part of upper
edentulous ridge was intensively reduced (on the right side) with divergent
tracing of the condyle due to dysfunction. Tripod contacts were established
on occlusal surfaces of opposing teeth as well. Contacts on the left side
were formed as circumferential surfaces. Specially distributed occlusal
contacts favorably influenced reduction of occlusal stresses on supporting
tissues in the mouth of the patient. Tooth contacts arranged in such
particular order were established to redistribute loading as well as to
prevent excessive propulsion and latero-protrusive movements of the lower
jaw. Conclusion. Occlusal pattern of tripod and single-point contacts was
used to compensate differences in condylar movements of this patient with
stomatognathic dysfunction, intending to diminish loads on reduced surfaces.
Semi-analytical method for solving non-linear equation arising of natural convection porous fin
Authors: Petroudi Rahimi , Ganji Domairry , Shotorban Bahram , Nejad Khazayi , Rahimi Ehsan , Rohollahtabar Reza , Taherinia Fatemeh
Published: January 2013

In the present study, the problem of non-linear model arising in heat
transfer through the porous fin in a natural convection environment is
presented and the homotopy perturbation method is employed to obtain an
approximate solution, which admits a remarkable accuracy.
Enhancement of natural convection heat transfer in a U-shaped cavity filled with Al2O3-water nanofluid
Authors: Cho Ching-Chang , Yau Her-Terng , Chen Cha’o-Kuang
Published: January 2013

This paper investigates the natural convection heat transfer enhancement of
Al2O3-water nanofluid in a U-shaped cavity. In performing the analysis, the
governing equations are modeled using the Boussinesq approximation and are
solved numerically using the finite-volume numerical method. The study
examines the effects of the nanoparticle volume fraction, the Rayleigh number
and the geometry parameters on the mean Nusselt number. The results show that
for all values of the Rayleigh number, the mean Nusselt number increases as
the volume fraction of nanoparticles increases. In addition, it is shown that
for a given length of the heated wall, extending the length of the cooled
wall can improve the heat transfer performance.
Determining gas rate distribution from temperature and pressure profiles in gas well
Authors: Barrett Emile , Abbasy Imran , Wu Chii-Rong , You Zhenjiang , Bedrikovetsky Pavel
Published: January 2013

A simple and effective method of the gas rate prediction from temperature and
pressure data is discussed in this paper. Solving the inverse problem allows
determination of the flow rate by matching the gas pressure and temperature
distributions with measured profiles. Results of field data treatment show
good agreement with the model prediction.
Transport and straining of suspensions in porous media: Experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Aji Kaiser , You Zhenjiang , Badalyan Alexander
Published: January 2013

An analytical model for deep bed filtration of suspension in porous media and
straining under size exclusion capture mechanism is developed and validated
by laboratory tests on suspension flow in engineered media. The fraction of
swept particles is introduced in the inlet boundary condition. The model is
successfully matched with the results from column experiments, predicting the
suspended particle concentrations at the outlet.
Biomimic design of multi-scale fabric with efficient heat transfer property
Authors: Fan Jie , He Ji-Huan
Published: January 2013

Wool fiber has a complex hierarchic structure. The multi-scale fibrils are
assembled to form a tree-like channel net in wool fiber, providing an
efficient heat transfer property. The optimal inner configuration of wool
fiber can also be invited to biomimic design of textile fabrics to improve
the thermal comfort of cloth. A heat transfer model of biomimic multi-scale
fabric using the fractal derivative is established. Theoretical analysis
indicates that the heat flux efficiency in the biomimic fabric can be 2
orders of magnitude comparing with that of the continuous medium.
Phosphorus isothermal adsorption characteristics of mulch of bioretention
Authors: Mei Ying , Yang Xiao-Hua , Jiang Rong , Di Chong-Li , Zhang Xue-Jun
Published: January 2013

This study aims to identify mulch of bioretention which has high phosphorus
sorption capacity. The phosphorus adsorption characteristics of five types of
mulch of bioretention are studied by three isothermal adsorption experiments.
Results show that the Langmuir eqution is suitable for describing absorption
characteristics of five types of mulch. The positive values of Gibbs free
energy for phosphorus indicate that the phosphorus biosorption by five
mulches is a non-spontaneous process, and the values of mean sorption free
energy of mulch are less than 8 kJ/mol, which proves that the adsorption
process can be dominated by physical forces. The vermiculite is the better
mulch of bioretention based on high phosphorus removal capacity.
Brownian coagulation of aerosols in transition regime
Authors: Chen Zhong-Li
Published: January 2013

The collision efficiency of Brownian coagulation for monodisperse aerosol
particles in the transition regime is considered. A new expression for
collision efficiency is proposed taking into account the influence of
tangential relative motion when two particles get close enough during the
diffusion process. The breakaway point from which the theory of near
continuum regime no longer applies can thus be obtained easily. A comparison
with experimental measurements shows the accuracy of the results predicted by
the new theory.
Evolution of particle size distribution in air in the rainfall process via the moment method
Authors: Gan Fu-Jun , Lin Jian-Zhong
Published: January 2013

Population balance equation is converted to three moment equations to
describe the dynamical behavior of particle size distribution in air in the
rainfall. The scavenging coefficient is expressed as a polynomial function of
the particle diameter, the raindrop diameter and the raindrop velocity. The
evolutions of particle size distribution are simulated numerically and the
effects of the raindrop size distribution on particle size distribution are
studied. The results show that the raindrops with smaller geometric mean
diameter and geometric standard deviation of size remove particles much more
efficiently. The particles which fall in the ?greenfield gap? are the most
difficult to be scavenged from the air.
Flow-induced vibrations of two tandem cylinders in a channel
Authors: Jiang Ren-Jie
Published: January 2013

We numerically studied flow-induced vibrations of two tandem cylinders in
transverse direction between two parallel walls. The effect of the horizontal
separation between two cylinders, ranging from 1.1 to 10, on the motions of
the cylinders and the flow structures were investigated and a variety of
periodic and non-periodic vibration regimes were observed. The results show
that when two cylinders are placed in close proximity to each other, compared
with the case of an isolated cylinder, the gap flow plays an important role.
As the separation ratio is increased, the fluid-structure interaction
decouples and the cylinders behave as two isolated cylinders.
Monte Carlo simulation for soot dynamics
Authors: Zhou Kun
Published: January 2013

A new Monte Carlo method termed Comb-like frame Monte Carlo is developed to
simulate the soot dynamics. Detailed stochastic error analysis is provided.
Comb-like frame Monte Carlo is coupled with the gas phase solver Chemkin II
to simulate soot formation in a 1-D premixed burner stabilized flame. The
simulated soot number density, volume fraction, and particle size
distribution all agree well with the measurement available in literature. The
origin of the bimodal distribution of particle size distribution is revealed
with quantitative proof.
One-way coupling of fiber suspensions through a rotating curved expansion duct
Authors: Zhang Qi-Hua , Tian Fei , Shi Wei-Dong , Zhang Hua , Gao Xiong-Fa
Published: January 2013

A numerical method based on the one-way coupling using the Jeffery equation
is presented. The influence of the inlet velocity and the initial orientation
on the evolution of fiber orientation is investigated. It is observed that
the rotation mainly contributes to the pressure rise, and the flow structure
is not obviously altered. Due to the one-way coupling, the effects of the
inlet velocity and the rotating rate are insignificant.
Experimental study on fiber suspensions in a curved expansion duct with particle image velocimetry
Authors: Liang Xiao-Yu , Wu Huan-Huan , Tu Cheng-Xu , Zhang Kai
Published: January 2013

The visualization measurement of internal flow field in a curved expansion
duct is experimentally studied using particle image velocimetry technology
and the influence of flow rate on flow field is analyzed. The streamline
distribution and related performance curve in the internal flow field can be
figured out through further analysis of experiment data. The results show
that fiber orientation is mainly affected by velocity gradient, the fibers
near the wall are aligned with the flow direction more quickly than the
fibers in intermediate region, and the fibers near the concave wall are more
quickly aligned with the flow direction than the convex wall. The larger
inlet flow rate which will accordingly lead to increase inlet velocity
enables the more quick adaptation and steady of fibers in flow direction.
The verification of the Taylor-expansion moment method in solving aerosol breakage
Authors: Yu Ming-Zhou , Zhang Kai
Published: January 2013

The combination of the method of moment, characterizing the particle
population balance, and the computational fluid dynamics has been an emerging
research issue in the studies on the aerosol science and on the multiphase
flow science. The difficulty of solving the moment equation arises mainly
from the closure of some fractal moment variables which appears in the
transform from the non-linear integral-differential population balance
equation to the moment equations. Within the Taylor-expansion moment method,
the breakage-dominated Taylor-expansion moment equation is first derived here
when the symmetric fragmentation mechanism is involved. Due to the high
efficiency and the high precision, this proposed moment model is expected to
become an important tool for solving population balance equations.
Modeling on the breakup of visco-elastic liquid for effervescent atomization
Authors: Qian Li-Juan
Published: January 2013

A primary atomization model for visco-elastic liquid is established based on
the ligament formation assumption and dispersion relationships. Two linear
instability analyses are used in presented paper. Both of them are involved
in the primary atomization model and the calculated results are compared with
published experimental data. After validation, the model is used to predict
the effects of various operating conditions and visco-elastic liquid physical
properties on atomization performance.
Study on flow of power-law fluid through an infinite array of circular cylinders with immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Wang Ye-Long , Shao Xue-Ming
Published: January 2013

A direct forcing method for the simulation of particulate flows based on
immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method is used to study the flow of
power-law fluid through an infinite array of circular cylinders with
cylinder separations of 20a (a is the cylinder radius) with laminar shedding
behind cylinders. Time averaged drag coefficient, maximum of lift
coefficient and Strouhal number are given out with the power-law index in
the range of 0.4 ? n ? 1.8 and Re in the range of 50 ? Re ? 140.
Instantaneous aerosol dynamics in a turbulent flow
Authors: Zhou Kun
Published: January 2013

Dibutyl phthalate aerosol particles evolution dynamics in a turbulent mixing
layer is simulated by means of direct numerical simulation for the flow field
and the direct quadrature method of moments for the aerosol evolution. Most
particles are nucleated in a thin layer region corresponding to a specific
narrow temperature range near the cool stream side. However, particles
undergo high growth rate on the hot stream side due to condensation.
Coagulation decreases the total particle number density at a rate which is
highly correlated to the instantaneous number density.
Design of super-efficient mixer based on induced charge electroosmotic
Authors: Zhang Kai , Mi Xiao-Jing , Yu Ming-Zhou
Published: January 2013

The super-efficient sample mixing induced by the induced-charge
electrokinetic flow around conducting/Janus cylinder was numerically studied
in a confined |U-shaped microchannel with suddenly applied DC weak electric
filed. It?s found that there are four large circulations around the
conducting cylinder and two smaller circulations around the Janus cylinder.
The results show that samples can still be well mixed with high flux due to
the induced electroosmosis. It is demonstrated that the local flow
circulations provide effective means to enhance the flow mixing between
different solutions. The dependence of the degree of mixing enhancement on
the electric field is also predicted.
Negative thermal coefficient of nanoporous biomaterials
Authors: Liu Fu-Juan , He Ji-Huan , Zhang Li
Published: January 2013

Materials change their sizes when subjected to a temperature change.
Generally the coefficient of thermal expansion is positive, however, a
negative coefficient in nanoporous biomaterials from enteromorpha is observed.
Linear stability analysis and homoclinic orbit for a generalized non-linear heat transfer
Authors: Liu Jun , Liu Xi , Mu Gui , Xie Litao
Published: January 2013

This paper studies the linear stability and dynamic structure for a
generalized non-linear heat equation, and obtains novel analytic solutions
such as homoclinc orbit and breather solitary solutions for the first time
based on Hirota method.
Superthin combined PVA-graphene film
Authors: Kong Hai-Yan , He Ji-Huan
Published: January 2013

Superthin polyvinil alcohol graphene sheet of several nanometers in thickness
is obtained by the electrospinning. Polyvinil alcohol (10 wt.%) solution
with the additive of ash (0.5 wt.%) is used for this purpose
Tax Effects of Book-Tax Conformity, Financial Reporting Incentives, and Firm Size
Authors: Chan K. Hung , Lin Kenny Z. , Tang Feng
Published: January 2013

This study employs a natural experiment to examine the tax effects of a change in the level of conformity between tax and financial reporting in China for firms with different financial reporting incentives. We find that in a full book-tax conformity system, firms with incentives to report higher book income pay significantly higher income tax (per dollar of sales) than do firms without the same incentives. Although we do not find similar evidence in a non-conformed system, we observe cross-sectional variation in taxes paid by firms of varying sizes: by exploiting non-conforming financial reporting rules to a greater extent, large firms pay proportionately lower taxes than do small firms. To improve financial reporting quality, many countries have adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) that may affect book-tax reporting differences. Our results suggest that this policy alternative is less desirable from a tax perspective. Therefore, accounting standard setters and securities regulators around the world should consider not only how such a change is intended to benefit capital markets, but also what unintended consequences this policy choice might have for government revenue. Our results also strengthen the government policy position on giving more tax relief to small firms.

Data Availability: All data are available from public sources.
Geology and rockmass condition of Dhulikhel-Panchkhal area, Kavre District, Central Nepal Lesser Himalaya
Authors: Paudel Prem Nath , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi
Published: January 2013

A geological mapping was carried out and the rock mass characteristics of the Lesser Himalayan rocks distributed in the Dhulikhel-Panchkhal area (Kavre Distric) were studied along with their physical and mechanical properties. The lithological units distributed in the study area belong to the Benighat Slate of the Upper Nawakot Group and the Bhimphedi Group as separated by the Chak-Rosi Thrust. The lithological units strike NW-SE and dip southwards forming the eastern closure of part of the northern limb of the Mahabharat synclinorium. The area comprises mainly micaceous quartzite, psammitic schist, metasandstone and metasiltstone. Micaceous quartzite is a rock type of the Kalitar Formation, Chisapani quartzite and the Markhu Formation. The Markhu quartzite is slightly calcareous. Psammitic schist is a rock type of the Kulekhani Formation and the Markhu Formation. Metasandstone and metasiltstone are the rock types of the Tistung Formation. The rock masses consist mainly of three to four major joint sets including the joint parallel to foliation. The discontinuity characteristics indicate that the rocks are blocky in nature, and nearly smooth to rough surface with soft filling aperture. The rock mass is nearly fresh, indurated and stiff. The slopes are influenced by stable and unstable wedges, plane and toppling failures. The rock masses are classified into fair to good rock classes according to rock mass rating system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v15i0.7412 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 15, 2012, pp. 1–14
Morphology and classification of the main stem Bagmati River, Central Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Pramila , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi
Published: January 2013

Rivers are significant geomorphic agents which can carry huge amounts of sediments and water from their catchments to depositional basins. Due course of flow they can bring various hazards such as flooding, inundation of flood plains, erosion of banks and trigger various slope movements. To understand nature and behavior of the Bagmati River, which is a perennial, storm and spring-fed, eight order river of central Nepal, the planiform morphological parameters of this river were analysed and river segments along the main stem stretches were classified into various stream-types, using topographic maps, aerial photographs, and satellite imageries. The Bagmati River is an 8th order perennial river. The Bagmati River basin comprises 39 sub-basins of 4th order and higher. The averages of meander wavelengths (Lm), meander belt width (Wblt), radius of curvature (Rc) and sinuosity (K) of the 7th order main stem Bagmati River are 598.27 m, 164.07 m, 252.35 m and 1.38, respectively. Similarly, the averages of Lm, Wblt, Rc, and K of the 8th order main stem rivers are respectively, 496.77, 126.58 m, 286.13 m, and 1.55. All these parameters reflect fluctuating trends of variation along the downstream stretch. However, the portion of the 7th order river shows abrupt increase of Lm after the Bagmati River crosses the Main Boundary Thrust. The Rc also indicates slight increase in this region. The sinuosity reflects overall increase from the 7th to the 8th order rivers. This increase in sinuosity is attributed to the decrease in slope and competency of the river. There exists a moderate degree of correlation between K and Wblt showing that the Wblt of the Bagmati River tends to increase as the sinuosity increases. The stream segments of the Bagmati River fall on A-, B-, C-, G- and D-type rivers. All the segments of the Bagmati River, lying within the Kathmandu Valley and having substrate of the fluvio-lacustrine valley-fill sediments, fall on C-type stream because of low entrenchment and high width/depth ratio. Similarly, A-type streams are developed at segments which flow through the Tistung Formation of the granite terrain of the Lesser Himalaya most probably due to entrenched and gorged valley and high slope. Likewise, B- and G-type streams are developed in terrains of the Lesser Himalaya and the Sub-Himalaya. The B-type streams are moderately entrenched with sinuous to meandering and wide channels. The D-type stream segment which is a multi-thread channel is characteristically developed within the terrain of the Sub-Himalaya presumably due to the change in slope caused by thrusting, and greater input of sediments from the Siwaliks in relation to weak and loosely consolidated lithology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v15i0.7415 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 15, 2012, pp. 23-34
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis: A Review
Authors: Dickerson Theodore , Soria Juan
Published: January 2013

Catalytic pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical conversion route for lignocellulosic biomass that produces chemicals and fuels compatible with current, petrochemical infrastructure. Catalytic modifications to pyrolysis bio-oils are geared towards the elimination and substitution of oxygen and oxygen-containing functionalities in addition to increasing the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the final products. Recent progress has focused on both hydrodeoxygenation and hydrogenation of bio-oil using a variety of metal catalysts and the production of aromatics from bio-oil using cracking zeolites. Research is currently focused on developing multi-functional catalysts used in situ that benefit from the advantages of both hydrodeoxygenation and zeolite cracking. Development of robust, highly selective catalysts will help achieve the goal of producing drop-in fuels and petrochemical commodities from wood and other lignocellulosic biomass streams. The current paper will examine these developments by means of a review of existing literature.
Enhanced Operation of Electricity Distribution Grids Through Smart Metering PLC Network Monitoring, Analysis and Grid Conditioning
Authors: Sendin Alberto , Berganza Iñigo , Arzuaga Aitor , Osorio Xabier , Urrutia Iker , Angueira Pablo
Published: January 2013

Low Voltage (LV) electricity distribution grid operations can be improved through a combination of new smart metering systems’ capabilities based on real time Power Line Communications (PLC) and LV grid topology mapping. This paper presents two novel contributions. The first one is a new methodology developed for smart metering PLC network monitoring and analysis. It can be used to obtain relevant information from the grid, thus adding value to existing smart metering deployments and facilitating utility operational activities. A second contribution describes grid conditioning used to obtain LV feeder and phase identification of all connected smart electric meters. Real time availability of such information may help utilities with grid planning, fault location and a more accurate point of supply management.
The Twenty-Year Story of a Plant-Based Vaccine Against Hepatitis B: Stagnation or Promising Prospects?
Authors: Pniewski Tomasz
Published: January 2013

Hepatitis B persists as a common human disease despite effective vaccines having been employed for almost 30 years. Plants were considered as alternative sources of vaccines, to be mainly orally administered. Despite 20-year attempts, no real anti-HBV plant-based vaccine has been developed. Immunization trials, based on ingestion of raw plant tissue and conjugated with injection or exclusively oral administration of lyophilized tissue, were either impractical or insufficient due to oral tolerance acquisition. Plant-produced purified HBV antigens were highly immunogenic when injected, but their yields were initially insufficient for practical purposes. However, knowledge and technology have progressed, hence new plant-derived anti-HBV vaccines can be proposed today. All HBV antigens can be efficiently produced in stable or transient expression systems. Processing of injection vaccines has been developed and needs only to be successfully completed. Purified antigens can be used for injection in an equivalent manner to the present commercial vaccines. Although oral vaccines require improvement, plant tissue, lyophilized or extracted and converted into tablets, etc., may serve as a boosting vaccine. Preliminary data indicate also that both vaccines can be combined in an effective parenteral-oral immunization procedure. A partial substitution of injection vaccines with oral formulations still offers good prospects for economically viable and efficacious anti-HBV plant-based vaccines.
Corneal Stromal Cell Growth on Gelatin/Chondroitin Sulfate Scaffolds Modified at Different NHS/EDC Molar Ratios
Authors: Lai Jui-Yang
Published: January 2013

A nanoscale modification strategy that can incorporate chondroitin sulfate (CS) into the cross-linked porous gelatin materials has previously been proposed to give superior performance for designed corneal keratocyte scaffolds. The purpose of this work was to further investigate the influence of carbodiimide chemistry on the characteristics and biofunctionalities of gelatin/CS scaffolds treated with varying N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)/1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) molar ratios (0-1) at a constant EDC concentration of 10 mM. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dimethylmethylene blue assays consistently indicated that when the NHS to EDC molar ratio exceeds a critical level (i.e., 0.5), the efficiency of carbodiimide-mediated biomaterial modification is significantly reduced. With the optimum NHS/EDC molar ratio of 0.5, chemical treatment could achieve relatively high CS content in the gelatin scaffolds, thereby enhancing the water content, glucose permeation, and fibronectin adsorption. Live/Dead assays and interleukin-6 mRNA expression analyses demonstrated that all the test samples have good cytocompatibility without causing toxicity and inflammation. In the molar ratio range of NHS to EDC from 0 to 0.5, the cell adhesion ratio and proliferation activity on the chemically modified samples significantly increased, which is attributed to the increasing CS content. Additionally, the materials with highest CS content (0.143 ± 0.007 nmol/10 mg scaffold) showed the greatest stimulatory effect on the biosynthetic activity of cultivated keratocytes. These findings suggest that a positive correlation is noticed between the NHS to EDC molar ratio and the CS content in the biopolymer matrices, thereby greatly affecting the corneal stromal cell growth.