bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sámegiela hástalusat, seailluheapmi ja ovdáneapmi Guovdageainnus
Authors: Kalstad Johan Klemet Hætta
Published: April 2023

Dáruiduhttin lea leamaš stáda sámepolitihka prinsihpalaš vuođđun 1880-logu rájes, ja dáruiduhttin lei boađusin stáda doaimmain sámegiela ja kultuvrra ektui. Dat politihkka almmolaččat loahpahuvvui nuppi máilmmi soađi áiggi 1940–1945, ja Norgga stuoradiggi almmolaččat mearridii molsut sámepolitihkalaš prinsihpa dáruiduhttimis seailluhit sámegiela ja kultuvrra almmolaččat. Liikká leat olbmot ođđa sámepolitihka áiggi guođđán eatnigielaset ja sámi kultuvrralaš dovdomearkkaid nugo biktasiid, namaid jnv. Dát dáruiduvve go mánát dahje nuorraolbmot geavahišgohte dárogiela ja nugo dážabiktasiid dahje go váhnemat válljeje dárogiela vuosttašgiellan mánáidasaset.

Orro leame dego dáruiduvvan livččii joatkán vaikko dáruiduhttin lei almmolaččat loahpahuvvon. Mun lean dutkan sámegiela saji ja hástalusaid Guovdageainnus, ja dán artihkkalis mun dutkandieđuid vuođul čilgen mot Guovdageainnu olbmot aktevran čáhkkegohte saji sámegillii almmolaš giellan.
Military Contracting, Foreign Workers, and War
Authors: Moore Adam
Published: April 2023

This chapter outlines the scale and scope of privatized military work in the present day and compares this with earlier practices of contracting by the U.S. military. It explains the rise of large-scale logistics outsourcing since the end of the Cold War. The chapter also introduces U.S. military's overseas operations regarding recognized wars and clandestine campaigns. It also analyzes the labor required to sustain such operations, and the experiences of people from around the world that do it. The present-day U.S. military empire is profoundly dependent upon a global army of labor that comes from countries as diverse as Bosnia, the Philippines, Turkey, India, Kenya, the United Kingdom, Sierra Leone, and Fiji.
From Camp Followers to a Global Army of Labor
Authors: Moore Adam
Published: April 2023

This chapter provides an overview of colonial and client state relations between the United States and the Philippines in the twentieth century. It reviews the related history of reliance on Filipino labor by the U.S. military that continues to shape the recruitment of Filipinos for military work. The chapter also discusses the history of logistics contracting by the U.S. military, which focuses on the scale and scope of its contracting in the present day, how it compares with earlier periods in U.S. history, and how it has happened. It starts with an overview of the logistics contracting by the U.S. military from the Revolutionary War to Vietnam, followed by a discussion of shifts in contracting priorities and practices in the 1990s. It concludes with an outline of the scale and scope of contracting in Iraq and beyond.
Supplying War
Authors: Moore Adam
Published: April 2023

This chapter begins by explaining logistics spaces and labor involved in supporting overseas operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Africa. It also identifies logistics spaces and labor as two foundational elements of military operations. While logistics spaces receive more attention, it is labor that animates war. Whether drone flights at remote locations in Africa or counterinsurgency campaigns in the Middle East, the U.S. military depends on the beating heart of logistical labor. Due to the increase in contracting, the composition of this labor is increasingly civilian and foreign rather than American and uniformed. This chapter concludes with an analysis of how the U.S. military is now inextricably entangled with the business of transnational labor acquisition.
Empire’s Labor
Authors: Moore Adam
Published: April 2023

This chapter reviews how military contracting and the increasing reliance on foreign labor impacted the “American way of war”. It suggests that the growth of contracting has—in conjunction with technological innovations—transformed both the spatial and temporal registers of war. The chapter also briefly discusses the changing spatial dimensions (the “everywhere war” and the “everywhere of war”). It explains how the “forever war”, a ceaseless parade of military operations around the world over the past two decades in response to 9/11, was enabled according to Dexter Filkins. Crucially, military contracting transfers risk and casualties onto foreign bodies, thereby dampening domestic opposition to the pursuit of boundless war elsewhere in the world. Put in another way, this global army of labor is an inextricable facet of the present-day U.S. military empire.
Dark Routes
Authors: Moore Adam
Published: April 2023

This chapter examines the trafficking of South and Southeast Asian workers, and the “backdoor” or underground recruitment of Filipino labor following the introduction of travel bans to Iraq and Afghanistan. It discusses the continuing problem of labor abuses and legal rationales deployed by the U.S. military in order to disentangle itself as much as possible from oversight responsibility. This chapter describes the instances and types of trafficking and labor exploitation perpetrated by military contractors, situating them within the dynamics of offshoring and downsourcing. It examines illegal recruiting practices that flourished following the 2004 travel ban to Iraq and 2007 ban for Afghanistan imposed by the Philippines. The chapter concludes with a review of rationales by military officials to justify minimal oversight responsibility for trafficking by their contractors and draws parallels to the offshoring of labor and supply chains by U.S. corporations in recent decades.
Enveloped and non-enveloped virus survival on microfiber towels
Authors: Anderson Claire E. , Wolfe Marlene K. , Boehm Alexandria B.
Published: April 2023

Background

Handwashing is an important intervention which can reduce indirect disease transmission, however soap and water for handwashing purposes is not available in some low-resource regions. When handwashing with soap and water is not possible, individuals may use alternatives such as the Supertowel (a microfiber towel with an antimicrobial coating). Testing of viral inactivation as a result of antimicrobial treatment on the Supertowel, however, has been limited. The goal of this study is to provide information about the performance of the Supertowel’s antimicrobial treatment against viruses, which will help inform the use of the towels as handwashing alternatives.

Methods

We seeded the Supertowel and a regular microfiber towel with two bacteriophages (enveloped Phi6 and non-enveloped MS2) and monitored viral inactivation over time. Additionally, we assessed if temperature, humidity, whether the towel was initially wet or dry, or virus type had an effect on viral decay rate constants. Virus concentrations were measured repeatedly over 24 h.

Results

We found that neither towel type (whether the towel was a Supertowel or a regular microfiber towel) nor humidity were significant variables in our model of decay rate constants (P = 0.06 and P = 0.22, respectively). We found that the variables of temperature, whether towels were initially wet versus dry, and virus type were significantly different from 0, suggesting that these variables explained variance in the decay rate constant (P = 6.55 × 10−13, P = 0.001, and P < 2 × 10−16, respectively). Higher temperatures, dry towels, and enveloped viruses all resulted in increases in the decay rate constant.

Conclusions

Viruses seeded onto a Supertowel decay similar to viruses seeded onto a regular towel indicating that the virucidal potential of the Supertowel is minimal.
O ESPELHAMENTO DE PRÁTICAS NA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORAS DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: REFLEXÕES COMPARTILHADAS SOBRE ENSINAR CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Bourscheid Rosanara , Scherer Wenzel Judite
Published: April 2023

O estudo apresentado contempla a formação continuada de professoras que atuam na Educação Infantil, com atenção para o Ensino de Ciências em tal contexto. A investigação consistiu na análise do processo de espelhamento de prática vivenciado com professoras participantes de um grupo de formação continuada. O contexto formativo acompanhado possibilitou às professoras a realização de leituras e reflexões sobre o Ensino de Ciências na Educação Infantil. As informações foram obtidas a partir da transcrição de um encontro formativo realizado no período de setembro a dezembro do ano de dois mil e vinte. A análise metodológica adotada foi a Análise Textual Discursiva, com a qual emergiram treze categorias iniciais, seis categorias intermediárias e uma categoria final: Compreensões acerca do Ensinar Ciências num movimento de reflexão compartilhada. O metatexto elaborado apresenta o novo emergente, no qual a formação continuada se mostrou como um espaço importante de partilha de conhecimentos e vivências. O diálogo teórico e prático possibilitou compreensões acerca de fragilidades e de potencialidades para Ensinar Ciências na Educação Infantil.
PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA DOS DOCENTES EM FORMAÇÃO NO ENSINO AGRÍCOLA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Leitholdt Letícia Carvalho , Rossa Uberson Boaretto , Alberto Simão
Published: April 2023

Este artigo objetiva apresentar contribuições oriundas da vivência da prática pedagógica e técnica proporcionada pelo Estágio Supervisionado de Docência, um momento singular em que o licenciando assume o protagonismo na condução do processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Caracteriza-se em oportunidade de aprendizagem, pois o contato com os educandos permite refletir a práxis educativa, acumulada ao decorrer dos anos de formação. Devido ao surgimento da pandemia de Covid-19, acelerou também a necessidade do sistema educacional reinventar suas práticas docentes para melhor corresponder aos desafios do processo de ensino e aprendizagem na contemporaneidade. Foi necessário reinventar-se, pois a presencialidade em atividades de docência havia sido suspensa em observância aos decretos sanitários emitidos pelo Ministério da Saúde. Para facilitar a compreensão, este artigo apresenta a introdução sobre a temática e a metodologia adotada. O referencial teórico, construído com base na contribuição de pensamento de vários autores, bem como das literaturas que abordam o assunto. Em suma, foram elencados os resultados alcançados e as conclusões parciais, visando instigar o leitor sobre a importância do Estágio Supervisionado de Regência, uma oportunidade que permite, aos acadêmicos, uma vivência prática dos saberes teóricos construídos no decorrer dos anos de formação.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES FORMATIVAS DO PROJETO RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA NA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES PRECEPTORES DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Ferreira Rosa Kauan , Gonçalves dos Santos Eliane
Published: April 2023

Neste texto, propomos investigar as contribuições formativas do Programa Residência Pedagógica (PRP) - subprojeto Biologia, Física, Química (BFQ) na formação continuada dos professores que atuam como preceptores de ciências da natureza. Desse modo, também discutiremos como as vivências formativas oriundas da participação no PRP contribuem para o desenvolvimento de práticas e atitudes pedagógicas dos preceptores no espaço escolar. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa, em que foram entrevistadas cinco professoras preceptoras, foi utilizada a metodologia da análise de conteúdo para análise dos dados. Os resultados obtidos com a análise de dados demonstram a importância e as contribuições destacadas pelas preceptoras do PRPBFQ no processo de formação continuada e também no ato de (re)pensar suas práticas pedagógicas em sala de aula.
REFLEXÕES DOS DESAFIOS DA PRÁTICA DOCENTE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: UMA DISCUSSÃO À LUZ DA ANÁLISE SWOT
Authors: Andrade dos Santos Josefa Edivoneide , Shigue Carlos Yujiro
Published: April 2023

RESUMO

A Educação reinventou-se com o advento da Covid-19, adotando um modelo emergencial online onde professores, alunos e famílias vivenciaram esta adversidade. A pergunta norteadora desta pesquisa foi: os professores da Educação Infantil sentiram-se preparados para transpor metodologias e práticas das aulas presenciais para o ensino remoto? Este trabalho objetivou investigar as vitórias e desafios enfrentados durante a pandemia pelos professores da Educação Infantil. Foi aplicado um questionário online com questões abertas e fechadas, sendo analisadas à luz da análise da Matriz SWOT(stregths,weaknesses, opportunities, threats),onde verificou-se as forças, fraquezas, oportunidades e ameaças das duas escolas neste contexto pandêmico.Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram dez professores da Educação Infantil de duas escolas públicas: uma na zona rural e outra na zona urbana no interior de Pernambuco. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que foi possível redimensionar a prática pedagógica no modelo online.

Palavras-chave: Educação Infantil. Análise SWOT. Planejamento estratégico. Covid-19.
Effect of Shrimp Shell Flour Substitution on Croissant Liking Level
Authors: Adiarsa Rcakasiwi , Junianto  , Pamungkas Wahyuniar , Pratama Rusky Intan
Published: April 2023

This research aims to determine the effect of different ratios of shrimp shell flour and wheat flour in making croissants on the level of panelist preference. This research was conducted at the Fishery Product Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University in September 2022. The method used in the research is the experimental method with the treatment of four different ratios of the use of wheat flour and shrimp shell flour, namely 100% wheat flour, 2.5% shrimp shell flour: 97.5% wheat flour, 5%: 95% and 7.5%: 92.5% with 20 panelists as replicates. The parameters tested were appearance, aroma, texture, and taste. Data processing used Friedman test and Bayes test. Observations made were hedonic tests including appearance, aroma, texture, and taste as well as chemical tests in the form of proximate and calcium content tests. The results showed that croissants with a usage ratio of 5% shrimp shell flour: 95% wheat flour is the most preferred treatment by panelists with an average value of appearance 7.10; aroma 7.00; texture 6.70; and taste 7.40; calcium 289.591 mg/100g.
Socioeconomic Status as a Determinant of Delayed Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease - A Case Report of Newly Diagnosed Sickle Cell Disease in a 52-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Egbunu Emmanuel O. , Elendu Chukwuka , Amosu Opeyemi P. , Okine Oghenemaro , Okine Denis , Joseph Adenikinju S. , Odoemenam Samuel I. , Eyenor Temisan N.
Published: April 2023

A look into socioeconomic status (SES) associations with delayed diagnosis of sickle cell disease (SCD) is necessary to improve societal norms, governmental health policies, and strategies. A person's social standing in a society is generally governed by the combination of his education, profession, and income, which is regarded as his SES. Considerable evidence establishes the likelihood of individuals from low SES suffering from the disease, cognitive problems, and increased mortality (Lubeck et al., 2019, National Research, 2004). Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common severe genetic hemoglobinopathies recognized by the World Health Organization as a global public health problem. Socioeconomic status (SES) is an individual's social or economic standing and measures an individual's or family's financial position or rank in a social group. Current guidelines and management algorithms of SCD do not factor in the effect of SES on patients with SCD. There needs to be more literature regarding the role of SES and its impact on clinical outcomes and characteristics of SCD. Studies have shown that lower SES is linked to disproportionate access to health care in many diseases, and of all the factors that measure SES, income was the most indicative.
Atypical Location and Appearance of Chondromyxoid of the Right Iliac Wing Fibroma in a Child
Authors: Ziani Hicham , Ettaj Ayoub , Regragui Yassine , Elachhab Nabil , Bentalha Aziza , Koraichi Alae El , Kettani Selma El
Published: April 2023

Aims: The chondromyxoid tumor is a benign primary bone tumor of cartilaginous differentiation whose location is atypical and rarely described in the literature.

Case Report: A 10 year old child, who consulted the emergency room of the children's hospital of Rabat for a hard and painful swelling of the right iliac fossa, rapidly increasing in volume. Biological tests were normal. The radiography showed a mixed lytic and condensing lesion, heterogeneous, of the right iliac wing, prompting an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Discussion: Chondromyxoid fibroma usually affects young subjects and manifests clinically as pain and swelling. Pathological fractures are common.

On standard radiography, in long bones, there is an eccentric geographic gap, blowing out the cortex. On flat bones such as the iliac bone, the tumor is often polycyclic and mixed, combining condensation and bone lysis. Intratumoral microcalcifications may be encountered.

MRI is the key examination to evoke the diagnosis of chondromyxoid fibroma.

Conclusion: Imaging and in particular MRI plays multiple and fundamental roles in the management of chondromyxoid fibroma. MRI provides diagnostic guidance, particularly in the case of atypical localization.
The Use of Chemical Bleaching and Thin-layer Chromatographic Methods for the Detection and Identification of Sudan-III Dye in Adulterated Palm Oil
Authors: Okogbenin E. A. , Asiriuwa N. U. , Imoisi B. O. , Onyia D. C. , Okunwaye T. , Ezoguan V. , Gold I. L. , Obibuzor J. U. , Anemene H. , Akpose O. I. , Osawaru E. E.
Published: April 2023

The deleterious effect of consuming azo dye adulterants in palm oil is well documented including cancer. The presence of Sudan-III dye in palm oil cannot be detected by mere visual inspection. This study was aimed at developing a simple, cheap and convenient protocol for detection and identification of Sudan-III and other azo dyes in adulterated palm oil. The results revealed that the refractive index could be used to screen for azo dye adulteration in palm oil samples as the parameter increases with increasing concentration of Sudan-III dye in palm oil and were statistically different ((p<0.05) from crude unadulterated palm oil samples. Analytical thin layer chromatography and chemical bleaching using 20% v/v each of concentrated sulphuric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide in palm oil was effective in detecting Sudan III dye adulteration in concentrations of 10mg/L and above.
Nano Fertilizer in Crop Production: The Changing Scenario
Authors: Nandhakumar M. R. , Muthukrishnan R. , Kumar T. Pradeesh , Sureshkumar P. , Nandini S.
Published: April 2023

While the world's population is growing exponentially, there is an alarming increase in the need for food, which might reach a record nine billion people by 2050. In order to address the issue of rising food demand, a number of initiatives are being put into place to boost crop output and safeguard them against agricultural pests. The growing population pressures agricultural civilization to develop fresh strategies for boosting crop output. For nations all across the world, the issue of poverty and malnutrition has grown to be of great concern. Progress in the agricultural sector, which provides the raw materials for the food and feed industries, is crucial for both economic development and population expansion. With economic development, the soil nutrient balances are differed. Soil fertility is important in developing countries for assisting the economy and agriculture. There is a high demand in the twenty-first century for efficient, reliable, and cost-effective systems for detecting, supplying, monitoring, and diagnosing biological host molecules and nutrients. Traditional farming methods are incapable of keeping up with the rate at which food needs are increasing, so we must rely on and incorporate nanotechnology in agriculture and related sectors. In modern agriculture, increasing agricultural productivity is impossible without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; however, the majority of agrochemicals are not eco-friendly and are thus harmful to human health. Nanotechnology is a novel technique for improved and sustainable agricultural production and also harbours a good capacity to bring novel alterations in the agricultural systems. Nanotechnology introduces new technologies and materials for use in molecular biology for the identification of plant pathogenic microorganisms. By bringing novel methods for distributing nutrients through nano fertilizers, specialized pathogen-targeted treatment, and boosting plant pest-resistance, nanotechnology has the potential to change the agricultural industry. Moreover, it can increase plants' ability to absorb nutrients and to endure environmental stresses. The fertility of the soil is a key factor in helping the economy and agriculture in developing nations. The benefits of strategies using nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture are covered here.
Influence of Potassium and Zinc on Growth, Yield and Economics of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)
Authors: Banti  , Debbarma Victor
Published: April 2023

The field experiment entitled “Influence of potassium and zinc on growth, yield and economics of Cluster bean” was conducted during kharif season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm in the Department of agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh. The treatment consisted of three levels of K (15, 20 and 25 kg/ha) Zn (10, 15 and 20 kg/ha) and control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. Application of K (25 kg/ha) and Zn (20 kg/ha) produces higher plant height (139.20 cm), maximum number branches per plant (5.86), nodules/plant (49.45) and higher dry weight (21.53 g), maximum number of pods/plant (73.13), maximum number of grains/pod (9.13), higher seed yield (1363.56kg/ha), straw yield (3208.91 kg/ha). However, the maximum gross return (77,405.66 INR/ha), maximum net return (54,121.66 INR/ha) and maximum benefit cost ratio (2.32) were obtained with the same treatment- 9 (K 25 kg/ha + ZnSO4 20 kg/ha).
The Role of Cell Detection Tool of QuPath-0.3.2 Software in Differentiating Benign Cervical Epithelium from Malignant Epithelial Clusters
Authors: Olaniyi Olaofe Olaejirinde , Morakinyo Akinyemi Hezekiah , Oluwole Komolafe Akinwumi
Published: April 2023

Aim: The study aims to be an initial assessment of the ability of the Qu Path software to quantitatively distinguish between benign cervical epithelium and non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma cell clusters.

Study Design: We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study of nineteen slides of cervical biopsies of non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC) of the cervix.

Place and Duration of Study: These are from cases of cervical carcinomas seen in UniOsun Teaching Hospital, Osogbo between 1st January 2006 and 31st December 2015.

Materials and Methods: These slides had been prepared by standard laboratory protocol and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The slides were scanned using CS2 APERIO digital slide scanner with standard settings.

The scanned slides were viewed using QuPath-0.3.2 software. For each normal or NKSCC cell found in the randomly sampled cluster of the biopsy, the nuclear and cytoplasmic morphometric features were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 20.

Results: The cells in the normal clusters were 13,774 and that of the NKSCC was 26,114. There is a higher mean nuclear area in NKSCC cells compared to normal cells. The malignant cells have a higher mean nuclear area, circularity, and perimeter than cells of the benign epithelium. There was a higher nuclear hematoxylin OD (optic density) mean, hematoxylin OD max, and hematoxylin OD sum in the malignant cells. There was a higher cell eccentricity, mean cytoplasmic eosin OD, maximum eosin OD and minimum eosin OD in the malignant cells. The maximum nuclear caliper is higher in cells of NKSCC than that of benign epithelium.

Conclusion: The QuPath software (version 0.3.2) can be a useful aid to differentiate non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC) from normal squamous cervical epithelium especially in fragmented biopsies.
Hospital Consolidation: The Rise of Geographically Distant Mergers
Authors: Navathe Amol S. , Connolly John E.
Published: April 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how and why cross-market hospital mergers are different than prototypical within-market mergers in their effects on patients and communities, why the trend may be accelerating, and future policy and research directions.
Oropharyngeal Lesion in a 7-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Eckhardt Seth C. , Smith Michael , Johnson Paul E.
Published: April 2023

A 7-year-old girl was referred to the otolaryngology clinic for a left pharyngeal lesion noted 18 months prior. What is your diagnosis?
Stress‐gradient framework for green roofs: Applications for urban agriculture and other ecosystem services
Authors: Rolhauser Andres G. , MacIvor J. Scott , Roberto Adriano , Ahmed Selena , Isaac Marney E.
Published: April 2023

Green roofs are promoted to contribute to more resilient cities by enhancing urban ecosystem services and food systems. Extensive, low‐maintenance green roofs experience frequent environmental stresses, which reduce plant survival and growth. Stress‐tolerant plants are therefore used to sustain well‐established services, such as building temperature regulation. However, transitioning extensive green roofs to provide other key urban services, such as food production, involves less tolerant plant species. Although facilitation exerted by stress‐tolerant species (nurses) has been proposed to improve the performance of stress‐intolerant species (protégés) in extensive green roofs, the conditions under which facilitation could occur are not well understood. Therefore, a comprehensive framework is needed that integrates current knowledge on how the performance of protégé species is affected by nurse plants across stress conditions.

We present a framework for green roof research that results in a linear model that integrates (i) modern trait–environment theory and (ii) facilitation ecology in a refined stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH) originally developed following study of other stressful environments.

The model makes testable predictions on how phenotypic traits mediate the performance response of protégé species to nurse plants along stress gradients in extensive green roofs. This is not only useful for the analysis of eco‐physiological performance measures directly linked with multifunctionality and ecosystem services, but also demographic or ‘vital’ rates that drive species persistence and plant community maintenance.

We discuss a range of applications related to key agricultural and ecological questions arising from contemporary extensive green roof research, such as enhancing conditions for crop production, weed management, plant invasions and biodiversity conservation. We also provide guidelines for the generation of appropriate data and for fitting this model using readily available statistical procedures.

Our framework will allow researchers to assess under which environmental conditions nurse–protégé interactions are feasible. We expect the findings from such research to help develop strategies and guidelines for managing environmental conditions that optimize protégé performances that ultimately affect the delivery of ecosystem services in constructed urban green spaces.
A Semiempirical Model for Post‐Yield Stress Instability in the Stress–Strain Response of 3D Lattice Structures under Compressive Loads
Authors: Brenneman Jacob , Lovalekar Mihir , Panat Rahul
Published: April 2023

Mechanical behavior of lattice structures is important for a range of engineering applications. Herein, a new semiempirical model is proposed that describes the entire range of stress–strain response of lattice structures, including the stress‐instability region which is modeled as an oscillator. The model can be fit to individual stress–strain curves to extract elastic modulus, yield stress, collapse stress, post‐yield collapse ratio, densification strain, and the energy absorbed per unit volume. The model is fit to 119 unique experimental stress–strain curves from 13 research papers in literature covering four different lattice designs, namely, octet truss, body‐centered cubic with vertical members, body‐centered cubic, and hexagonal. Manufacturing methods (additive and conventional) and materials (metals and polymers) were also included in the analysis. The fitted model yields several new insights into the compression behavior of previously tested lattice structures and can be applied to additional lattice designs. Among other results, analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that the octet truss lattice demonstrates the highest post‐yield collapse ratio and the smallest normalized energy absorption per unit volume amongst the lattice structures investigated. The proposed model is a powerful tool for designers to quantitatively compare and select 3D lattice structures with the desired mechanical characteristics.
Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG)‐Based Hydrogels for Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Wang Zihan , Ye Qinzhou , Yu Sheng , Akhavan Behnam
Published: April 2023

Hydrogel‐based drug delivery systems (DDSs) can leverage therapeutically beneficial outcomes in cancer therapy. In this domain, polyethylene glycol (PEG) has become increasingly popular as a biomedical polymer and has found clinical use. Owing to their excellent biocompatibility, facile modifiability, and high drug encapsulation rate, PEG hydrogels have shown great promise as drug delivery platforms. Here, the progress in emerging novel designs of PEG‐hydrogels as DDSs for anti‐cancer therapy is reviewed and discussed, focusing on underpinning multiscale release mechanisms categorized under stimuli‐responsive and non‐responsive drug release. The responsive drug delivery approaches are discussed, and the underpinning release mechanisms are elucidated, covering the systems functioning based on either exogenous stimuli‐response, such as photo‐ and magnetic‐sensitive PEG hydrogels, or endogenous stimuli‐response, such as enzyme‐, pH‐, reduction‐, and temperature‐sensitive PEG hydrogels. Special attention is paid to the commercial potential of PEG‐based hydrogels in cancer therapy, highlighting the limitations that need to be addressed in future research for their clinical translation.
Engineering Female Germline Stem Cells with Exocytotic Polymer Dots
Authors: Luo Yao , Yin Min , Mu Chunlan , Hu Xingjie , Xie Hui , Li Jingyi , Cao Tingting , Chen Nan , Wu Ji , Fan Chunhai
Published: April 2023

Germline stem cells (GSCs) are the only cell population capable of passing genetic information to offspring, making them attractive targets in reproductive biology and fertility research. However, it is generally more difficult to introduce exogenous biomolecules into GSCs than other cell types, impeding the exploration and manipulation of these cells for biomedical purposes. Herein, semiconductor polymer dots (Pdots)‐based nanocomplex Pdot‐siRNA is developed and achieves effective knockdown of target genes in female germline stem cells (FGSCs). Advantage of high fluorescence brightness of Pdots is taken for comprehensive investigation of their cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and exocytosis in FGSCs. Importantly, Pdots show excellent biocompatibility and minimally disturb the differentiation of FGSCs. Intracellular Pdots escape from the lysosomes and undergo active exocytosis, which makes them ideal nanocarriers for bioactive cargos. Moreover, Pdot‐siRNA can penetrate into 3D ovarian organoids derived from FGSCs and down‐regulate the expression levels of target genes. This study investigates the interface between a type of theranostic nanoparticles and FGSCs for the first time and sheds light on the manipulation and medical application of FGSCs.
Inorganic Perovskite Surface Reconfiguration for Stable Inverted Solar Cells with 20.38% Efficiency and Its Application in Tandem Devices
Authors: Wang Sanlong , Wang Pengyang , Shi Biao , Sun Cong , Sun Hongrui , Qi Shanshan , Huang Qian , Xu Shengzhi , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: April 2023

Inorganic perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have garnered attention in tandem solar cells (TSCs) due to their suitable bandgap and impressive thermal stability. However, the efficiency of inverted IPSCs has been limited by the high trap density on the top surface of inorganic perovskite film. Herein, a method for fabricating efficient IPSCs by reconfiguring the surface properties of CsPbI2.85Br0.15 film with 2‐amino‐5‐bromobenzamide (ABA) is developed. This modification not only exhibits the synergistic coordination of carbonyl (C=O) and amino (NH2) groups with uncoordinated Pb2+, but also the Br fills halide vacancies and suppresses the formation of Pb0, effectively passivating the defective top surface. As a result, a champion efficiency of 20.38%, the highest efficiency reported for inverted IPSCs to date is achieved. Furthermore, the successful fabrication of a p–i–n type monolithic inorganic perovskite/silicon TSCs with an efficiency of 25.31% for the first time is demonstrated. Crucially, the unencapsulated ABA‐treated IPSCs shows enhanced photostability, retaining 80.33% of its initial efficiency after 270 h, and thermal stability (maintain 85.98% of its initial efficiency after 300 h at 65 °C). The unencapsulated ABA‐treated TSCs also retains 92.59% of its initial efficiency after 200 h under continuous illumination in ambient air.
Light‐Writing and Projecting Multicolor Fluorescent Hydrogels for On‐Demand Information Display
Authors: Wei Shuxin , Lu Wei , Shi Huihui , Wu Shuangshuang , Le Xiaoxia , Yin Guangqiang , Liu Qingquan , Chen Tao
Published: April 2023

Intelligent rewritable display systems have been long expected to reduce the heavy consumption of single‐use or transient devices in the age of Internet‐of‐Things. However, it remains challenging to construct such systems with integrated functionality of remote control, rapid activation, multicolor and multimode display. Herein, by learning from the unique multilayer arrangement of chromatophores in chameleon skins, a promising kind of rewritable hydrogel multicolor systems is presented that can combine the merits of near‐infrared (NIR) light‐writing and projecting modes for on‐demand information display. Specifically, the systems have typical multilayer layout consisting of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)‐sealed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) film as photothermal control unit and embedded fluorescent hydrogels as multicolor display unit, in which thermoresponsive hydrogel is constrained within non‐responsive hydrogel. Such rational structure design results in the establishment of one promising display mechanism via the cascading “light trigger–heat generation–fluorescence output” process. On this basis, rapid and reversible hand‐written display of arbitrary information is achieved within 5 s. Also, sustainable light‐projecting display of predesigned multicolor patterns is demonstrated due to the multilayer design that ensures easy patterning of photothermal control or hydrogel display layer. This study brings functional‐integrated merits for novel rewritable display systems and open new possibility to construct high‐end products for information display/transmission.
Electrochemical Doping of Halide Perovskites by Noble Metal Interstitial Cations
Authors: Kerner Ross A. , Cohen Ayala V. , Xu Zhaojian , Kirmani Ahmad R. , Park So Yeon , Harvey Steven P. , Murphy John P. , Cawthorn Robert C. , Giebink Noel C. , Luther Joseph M. , Zhu Kai , Berry Joseph J. , Kronik Leeor , Rand Barry P.
Published: April 2023

Metal halide perovskites are an attractive class of semiconductors, but it has proven difficult to control their electronic doping by conventional strategies due to screening and compensation by mobile ions or ionic defects. Noble‐metal interstitials represent an under‐studied class of extrinsic defects that plausibly influence many perovskite‐based devices. In this work, doping of metal halide perovskites is studied by electrochemically formed Au+ interstitial ions, combining experimental data on devices with a computational analysis of Au+ interstitial defects based on density functional theory (DFT). Analysis suggests that Au+ cations can be easily formed and migrate through the perovskite bulk via the same sites as iodine interstitials (Ii+). However, whereas Ii+ compensates n‐type doping by electron capture, the noble‐metal interstitials act as quasi‐stable n‐dopants. Experimentally, voltage‐dependent, dynamic doping by current density–time (J–t), electrochemical impedance, and photoluminescence measurements are characterized. These results provide deeper insight into the potential beneficial and detrimental impacts of metal electrode reactions on long‐term performance of perovskite photovoltaic and light‐emitting diodes, as well as offer an alternative doping explanation for the valence switching mechanism of halide‐perovskite‐based neuromorphic and memristive devices.
(CF3CO)2O/K2CO3‐Mediated Synthesis of 3‐Sulfonylchromones through Cyclocondensation of β‐Ketosulfones and Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Lin Chun‐Yi
Published: April 2023

One‐pot (CF3CO)2O/K2CO3‐mediated tandem cyclocondensation of β‐ketosulfones with carboxylic acids provides diversified 3‐sulfonylchromones in good to excellent yields by refluxing MeCN under high‐pressure (using a sealed tube) and dry‐nitrogen atmospheric conditions. This study proposed and discussed a plausible mechanism. The paper also described the formation of 3‐sulfonylflavones and gram‐scale synthesis of 3‐sulfonylchromones. Various combinations of anhydrides and bases‐promoted reaction conditions were investigated for the (4+2) annulation via one carbon‐oxygen (C−O) bond and one carbon‐carbon (C=C) bond formations.

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Room Temperature Flexible Ammonia Sensor Based on Sb‐Doped SnO2/Polypyrrole Nanohybrid
Authors: Li Yiwen , Zhou Yun , Zhang Yibo , Zhao Liupeng , Zhou Xin , Yan Xu , Liu Fangmeng , Lu Geyu , Sun Peng
Published: April 2023

In this study, Sb‐doped SnO2 nanosphere composite polypyrrole nanohybrid with different doping ratios (0–5 mol%, Sb:Sn) and composite ratios (0–30 mol%, Sb‐doped SnO2:polypyrrole) is synthesized by hydrothermal method and in situ chemical oxidation method. The flexible sensors are fabricated by drop‐casting the materials on polyamide substrate and gas sensing performances are investigated systematically at room temperature. The results show that the 3 at% Sb‐doped 20 mol% SnO2/polypyrrole nanohybrid exhibits excellent sensitivity (≈213% toward 100 ppm NH3) at room temperature, which are about 3 times as much as those of polypyrrole, as well as excellent selectivity and humidity resistance, reliable repeatability, and good robustness. The enhance sensing performance can be attributed to the formation of p‐n junction between conducting polymers and metal oxide semiconductor materials and the doping of Sb elements allows more electrons to transfer to polypyrrole, which further thickens the depletion layer and decreases hole concentrations in air. Therefore, Sb‐doped SnO2/polypyrrole nanohybrid may be a promising sensitive material for the design and manufacture of room temperature flexible ammonia gas sensors.
Na3Zr2Si2PO12 Solid Electrolyte Membrane for High‐Performance Seawater Battery
Authors: Li Mengya , Dixit Marm , Essehli Rachid , Jafta Charl J. , Amin Ruhul , Balasubramanian Mahalingam , Belharouak Ilias
Published: April 2023

Seawater batteries (SWBs) have gained tremendous interest in the electrochemical energy storage research field because of their low cost, natural abundance, and potential use for long‐duration energy storage. Advancing a SWB to demonstration projects is plagued by the poor electrochemical performance stemming from the poor interfaces of the solid electrolyte (SE), as well as the structural and chemical instabilities and sluggish ionic transport properties. In this study, the anode compartment of a surrogate SWB is constructed with a Na | SE | hard carbon configuration, and tailored dopants are introduced into the Nasicon‐type Na3Zr2Si2PO12(NZSP) SE membrane. After doping with TiO2, a much more densely packed pellet with uniformly distributed porous structure is obtained. Changes in surface chemistry and local structure in the bulk are observed, which are believed to contribute to the improved ionic conductivity and higher critical current density of the TiO2‐doped NZSP. Stable cycling performance with reversible capacities based on different Na storage mechanisms are also demonstrated.
Development of informant‐report neurobehavioral survey scales for PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome and related neurodevelopmental genetic syndromes
Authors: Frazier Thomas W. , Busch Robyn M. , Klaas Patricia , Lachlan Katherine , Jeste Shafali , Kolevzon Alexander , Loth Eva , Harris Jacqueline , Speer Leslie , Pepper Tom , Anthony Kristin , Graglia J. Michael , Delagrammatikas Christal , Bedrosian‐Sermone Sandra , Beekhuyzen Jenine , Smith‐Hicks Constance , Sahin Mustafa , Eng Charis , Hardan Antonia Y. , Uljarević Mirko
Published: April 2023

There are few well‐validated measures that are appropriate for assessing the full range of neurobehavioral presentations in PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) and other neurodevelopmental genetic syndromes (NDGS). As potential therapeutics are developed, having reliable, valid, free, and easily accessible measures to track a range of neurobehavioral domains will be crucial for future clinical trials. This study focused on the development and initial psychometric evaluation of a set of freely available informant‐report survey scales for PHTS—the Neurobehavioral Evaluation Tool (NET). Concept elicitation, quantitative ratings, and cognitive interviewing processes were conducted with stakeholders and clinician–scientist experts, used to identify the most important neurobehavioral domains for this population, and to ensure items were appropriate for the full range of individuals with PHTS. Results of this process identified a PHTS neurobehavioral impact model with 11 domains. The final NET scales assessing these domains were administered to a sample of 384 participants (median completion time = 20.6 min), including 32 people with PHTS, 141 with other NDGS, 47 with idiopathic neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), and 164 neurotypical controls. Initial psychometric results for the total scores of each scale indicated very good model (ω = 0.83–0.99) and internal consistency reliability (α = 0.82–0.98) as well as excellent test–retest reproducibility at 1‐month follow‐up (r = 0.78–0.98) and stability at 4‐month follow‐up (r = 0.76–0.96). Conditional reliability estimates indicated very strong measurement precision in key score ranges for assessing PHTS and other people with NDGS and/or idiopathic NDD. Comparisons across domains between PHTS and the other groups revealed specific patterns of symptoms and functioning, including lower levels of challenging behavior and more developed daily living and executive functioning skills relative to other NDGS. The NET appears to be a reliable and potentially useful tool for clinical characterization and monitoring of neurobehavioral symptoms in PHTS and may also have utility in the assessment of other NDGS and idiopathic NDD. Additional validation work, including convergent and discriminant validity analyses, are needed to replicate and extend these observations.
Biological samples taken from Native American Ancestors are human remains under NAGPRA
Authors: Bader Alyssa C. , Carbaugh Aimée E. , Davis Jenny L. , Krupa Krystiana L. , Malhi Ripan S.
Published: April 2023

In the United States, the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) provides a specific framework for the disposition of Native American Ancestral remains within its purview. However, samples such as a bone fragment, tooth, or other biological tissue taken from the remains of these Ancestors have been treated by institutions and researchers as independent of the individual from whom they were removed and used in destructive research such as paleogenomic and other archaeometric analyses without consultation, consent, and collaboration from Native American communities; are not cared for in keeping with the current best practices for Indigenous Ancestors; and are not likely to be repatriated to their communities. Here, we demonstrate that any biological samples removed from Ancestors who are covered under NAGPRA must also be handled according to the stipulations defined for “human remains” within the legislation. As such, we are not proposing a change to existing legislation, but rather best practices, specific to the context of the United States and NAGPRA, relating to the use of and care for biological samples taken from Native American Ancestors.
Constructing Built‐in Electric Field in Heterogeneous Nanowire Arrays for Efficient Overall Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Shucong , Tan Chunhui , Yan Ruipeng , Zou Xifei , Hu Fei‐Long , Mi Yan , Yan Cheng , Zhao Shenlong
Published: April 2023

Efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions are key to water electrolysis. Herein, we report a built‐in electric field (BEF) strategy to fabricate heterogeneous nickel phosphide‐cobalt nanowire arrays grown on carbon fiber paper (Ni2P‐CoCH/CFP) with large work function difference (ΔΦ) as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Impressively, Ni2P‐CoCH/CFP exhibits a remarkable catalytic activity for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions to obtain 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Moreover, the assembled lab‐scale electrolyzer driven by an AAA battery delivers excellent stability after 50 h electrocatalysis with a 100 % faradic efficiency. Computational calculations combining with experiments reveal the interface‐induced electric field effect facilitates asymmetrical charge distributions, thereby regulating the adsorption/desorption of the intermediates during reactions. This work offers an avenue to rationally design high‐performance heterogeneous electrocatalysts.
Understanding MOF Flexibility: An Analysis Focused on Pillared Layer MOFs as a Model System
Authors: Senkovska Irena , Bon Volodymyr , Abylgazina Leila , Mendt Matthias , Berger Jan , Kieslich Gregor , Petkov Petko , Luiz Fiorio Jhonatan , Joswig Jan‐Ole , Heine Thomas , Schaper Larissa , Bachetzky Christopher , Schmid Rochus , Fischer Roland A. , Pöppl Andreas , Brunner Eike , Kaskel Stefan
Published: April 2023

Flexible porous frameworks are at the forefront of materials research. A unique feature is their ability to open and close their pores in an adaptive manner induced by chemical and physical stimuli. Such enzyme‐like selective recognition offers a wide range of functions ranging from gas storage and separation to sensing, actuation, mechanical energy storage and catalysis. However, the factors affecting switchability are poorly understood. In particular, the role of building blocks, as well as secondary factors (crystal size, defects, cooperativity) and the role of host–guest interactions, profit from systematic investigations of an idealized model by advanced analytical techniques and simulations. The review describes an integrated approach targeting the deliberate design of pillared layer metal–organic frameworks as idealized model materials for the analysis of critical factors affecting framework dynamics and summarizes the resulting progress in their understanding and application.