bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring socio-demographic determinants of obesity in Jordanian women of reproductive age: insights from a nationwide survey
Authors: Shaaban Abdelgalil Mahmoud , El-Farargy Sara Hosny , Dowidar Mohamed Adel , Abd-ElGawad Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Background

In Jordan, obesity has emerged as a significant public health concern, particularly among females, with a prevalence of 43.1%. This rising trend, exacerbates the burden of non-communicable diseases and places increasing strain on the healthcare system.

Aim

We aimed to explore the predictors associated with obesity among adult ever-married Jordanian women aged 20–49 years based on the Jordanian Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS).

Method

Our study analyzed data from the JPFHS conducted in 2017-18, which initially included 14,689 ever-married women. We performed multivariable analyses to determine the socio-demographic predictors of obesity among these women.

Result

We included 4,339 Jordanian women in our study, of whom 2,189 were classified as obese and 2,150 had a normal body mass index (BMI). Multivariable analysis indicated that increasing age and living in Tafilahwere significantly associated with higher odds of developing obesity (p < 0.05). Conversely, factors such as being in the wealthiest category, residing in Ma’an and Aqaba, and smoking every day were significantly linked to reduced odds of obesity (p < 0.05). Additionally, no significant associations were found between obesity development and variables such as the type of place of residence, educational level, frequency of reading newspapers or magazines, radio listening, television watching, or internet use in the past month (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Appropriate and targeted interventions should be developed for Jordanian women to address obesity and its related health issues. Policymakers should adopt a multilevel approach that focuses on high-risk subgroups, including older women, and those living in Tafilh. Efforts should be made to raise awareness and provide preventative measures tailored to these groups to effectively reduce obesity and its associated complications.
Enhancing the role of mass media in the translation of evidence from health policy and systems research in Nigeria
Authors: Agwu Prince , Mbachu Chinyere , Onwujekwe Obinna
Published: January 2025

Background

There are massive gaps in communication between health researchers and policy-makers in Nigeria, which constrains the use of research evidence for policy-making. Mass media can help in bridging the gaps, especially since the media has the reach and a reputation for presenting information in ways that elicit actions from the public and policy-makers.

Objective

There is a small body of emerging literature from Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, evidencing the usefulness of the media to encourage evidence translation in the health sector; and even evidence translation theories are light on dissemination. This paper adds to knowledge on how academia and media can be linked for effective dissemination of evidence for policy impact.

Method

Data were sourced from group discussions in a communications workshop with 27 participants comprising researchers in health systems and policy and media professionals with several years of experience.

Results

It was found that health research evidence conducted using quality procedures and published in quality academic journals barely make it to public and policy-making conversations because of the restrictiveness that characterizes academic outputs in traditional academic dissemination outlets. On the basis of the cultivation theory, the media was found instrumental in feedback of research results to communities, securing policy-makers’ reactions and stimulating policy actions.

Conclusions

In line with message system analysis, researchers must be strategic in the use of mass media, and our results showed how it can be done. In all, media usage for evidence translation has enormous potential to strengthen the health system.
Motor modules are largely unaffected by pathological walking biomechanics: a simulation study
Authors: Rahimi Goloujeh Mohammad , Allen Jessica L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Motor module (a.k.a. muscle synergy) analysis has frequently been used to provide insight into changes in muscle coordination associated with declines in walking performance, to evaluate the effect of different rehabilitation interventions, and more recently, to control exoskeletons and prosthetic devices. However, it remains unclear whether changes in muscle coordination revealed via motor module analysis stem from abnormal walking biomechanics or neural control. This distinction has important implications for the use of motor module analysis for rehabilitation interventions and device design. Thus, this study aims to elucidate the extent to which motor modules emerge from pathological walking biomechanics, i.e. abnormal walking biomechanics commonly observed in individuals with neurological disease and/or injury.

Methods

We conducted a series of computer simulations using OpenSim Moco to simulate pathological walking biomechanics by manipulating speed, asymmetry, and step width in a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model. We focused on these spatiotemporal metrics because they are commonly altered in individuals with Parkinson’s disease, stroke survivors, etc. and have been associated with changes in motor module number and structure. We extracted motor modules using nonnegative matrix factorization from the muscle activations from each simulation. We then examined how alterations in walking biomechanics influenced the number and structure of extracted motor modules and compared the findings to previous experimental studies.

Results

The motor modules identified from our simulations were similar to those identified from previously published experiments of non-pathological walking. Moreover, our findings indicate that the same motor modules can be used to generate a range of pathological-like waking biomechanics by modulating their recruitment over the gait cycle. These results contrast with experimental studies in which pathological-like walking biomechanics are accompanied by a reduction in motor module number and alterations in their structure.

Conclusions

This study highlights that pathological walking biomechanics do not necessarily require abnormal motor modules. In other words, changes in number and structure of motor modules can be a valuable indicator of alterations in neuromuscular control and may therefore be useful for guiding rehabilitation interventions and controlling exoskeletons and prosthetic devices in individuals with impaired walking function due to neurological disease or injury.
Testing the psychometric properties of the risk-rescue rating scale: a lethality measure for suicide attempts
Authors: Stangeland Tormod , Hanssen-Bauer Ketil , Siqveland Johan
Published: January 2025

Health personnel lack a common standard for assessing lethality of suicide attempts. This may lead to inconsistent assessments and unclear reports about suicide attempts. We argue that the Risk-Rescue Rating Scale (RRRS) may help in resolving this problem. It is a measure based on observable indications of the medical danger of a suicide attempt and of the patient’s efforts to avoid or achieve rescue. The instrument is a clinician-rated supplement to self-reports and can be administered in a few minutes and learned in a single brief teaching session. We adapted the RRRS for contemporary use in a Norwegian acute adolescent mental health service clinic. We developed a training program for clinicians, a user manual, and a series of five video-based role-played interview cases for reliability testing. In this study, we recruited 28 clinicians with professional backgrounds typical of Norwegian mental health personnel. They rated five role-played video interviews using the RRRS and the well-established interview instrument the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) and obtained 140 sets of scores. We estimated the interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) to be .93 for the RRRS and .94 for the SIS, both excellent levels. Correlation was .80 between the RRRS and SIS items that were similar to the RRRS and .53 for SIS items measuring other topics, indicating good concurrent and discriminant validity. Adopting a common standard for communicating about suicide attempts can improve clinical practice, and the RRRS may prove to be a reliable and practical candidate for this task.
The value of MRI in differentiating ovarian clear cell carcinoma from other adnexal masses with O-RADS MRI scores of 4–5
Authors: Lin Lingling , Fu Le , Wu Huawei , Cheng Saiming , Chen Guangquan , Chen Lei , Zhu Jun , Wang Yu , Cheng Jiejun
Published: January 2025

Objective

To assess the utility of clinical and MRI features in distinguishing ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) from adnexal masses with ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system (O-RADS) MRI scores of 4–5.

Methods

This retrospective study included 850 patients with indeterminate adnexal masses on ultrasound. Two radiologists evaluated all preoperative MRIs using the O-RADS MRI risk stratification system. Patients with O-RADS MRI scores of 4–5 were divided into a training set (n = 135, hospital A) and a test set (n = 86, hospital B). Clinical and MRI features were compared between CCC and non-CCC patients. Analysis of variance and support vector machine were used to develop four CCC prediction models. Tenfold cross-validation was applied to determine the hyperparameters. Model performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve.

Results

221 patients were included (30 CCCs, 191 non-CCCs). CA125, HE4, CEA, ROMA, endometriosis, shape, parity, unilocular, component, the growth pattern of mural nodules, high signal on T1WI, number of nodules, the ratio of signal intensity, and the ADC value were significantly different between CCCs and non-CCCs. The kappa and interobserver correlation coefficient of each MRI feature exceeded 0.85. The comprehensive model combining clinical and MRI features had a greater AUC than the clinical model and tumour maker model (0.92 vs 0.66 and 0.78 in the test set; both p < 0.05), displaying improved net benefit.

Conclusions

The comprehensive model combining clinical and MRI features can effectively differentiate CCC from adnexal masses with O-RADS MRI scores of 4–5.

Critical relevance statement

CCC has a high incidence rate in Asians and has limited sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy. This comprehensive model improves CCC prediction ability and clinical applicability for facilitating individualised clinical decision-making.

Key Points

Identifying ovarian CCC preoperatively is beneficial for treatment planning.

Ovarian CCC tends to be high-signal on T1WI, unilocular, big size, with endometriosis and low CEA.

This model, integrating clinical and MRI features, can differentiate ovarian CCC from adnexal masses with O-RADS MRI scores 4–5.

Graphical Abstract
Upskilling or deskilling? Measurable role of an AI-supported training for radiology residents: a lesson from the pandemic
Authors: Savardi Mattia , Signoroni Alberto , Benini Sergio , Vaccher Filippo , Alberti Matteo , Ciolli Pietro , Di Meo Nunzia , Falcone Teresa , Ramanzin Marco , Romano Barbara , Sozzi Federica , Farina Davide
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This article aims to evaluate the use and effects of an artificial intelligence system supporting a critical diagnostic task during radiology resident training, addressing a research gap in this field.

Materials and methods

We involved eight residents evaluating 150 CXRs in three scenarios: no AI, on-demand AI, and integrated-AI. The considered task was the assessment of a multi-regional severity score of lung compromise in patients affected by COVID-19. The chosen artificial intelligence tool, fully integrated in the RIS/PACS, demonstrated superior performance in scoring compared to the average radiologist. Using quantitative metrics and questionnaires, we measured the ‘upskilling’ effects of using AI support and residents’ resilience to ‘deskilling,’ i.e., their ability to overcome AI errors.

Results

Residents required AI in 70% of cases when left free to choose. AI support significantly reduced severity score errors and increased inter-rater agreement by 22%. Residents were resilient to AI errors above an acceptability threshold. Questionnaires indicated high tool usefulness, reliability, and explainability, with a preference for collaborative AI scenarios.

Conclusion

With this work, we gathered quantitative and qualitative evidence of the beneficial use of a high-performance AI tool that is well integrated into the diagnostic workflow as a training aid for radiology residents.

Critical relevance statement

Balancing educational benefits and deskilling risks is essential to exploit AI systems as effective learning tools in radiology residency programs. Our work highlights metrics for evaluating these aspects.

Key Points

Insights into AI tools’ effects in radiology resident training are lacking.

Metrics were defined to observe residents using an AI tool in different settings.

This approach is advisable for evaluating AI tools in radiology training.

Graphical Abstract
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Parenting Questionnaire
Authors: Miller Kenneth E. , Chen Alexandra , Bakolis Ioannis , Koppenol-Gonzalez Gabriela V. , Arnous Maguy , Tossyeh Fadila , Al-Ogaily Dalia , Jordans Mark J. D.
Published: January 2025

Background

There is a paucity of brief self-report parenting measures validated for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We developed the Brief Parenting Questionnaire (BPQ), a 24-item self-report measure for use with parents of children ages 3–12.

Objective

We describe the development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the BPQ, which was designed to include two subscales: warm and responsive parenting (WRP) and harsh parenting (HP).

Participants and setting

The sample included an equal number of male and female caregivers (n = 480) from 240 families in North Lebanon that took part in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Caregiver Support Intervention. Study participants were primarily Syrian (95.2%); others were Lebanese (4.2%) and Palestinian (0.6%).

Methods

The development of the BPQ is described. To assess its psychometric properties, we used data from the RCT for which the instrument was developed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure of the BPQ. The reliability of the BPQ and its potential subscales was assessed by examining the internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Multi-group CFA was conducted to identify if the same two constructs were being measured across mothers and fathers.

Results

A two-factor model best fit the data, with 16 items loading on WRP and seven items on HP, corresponding to the two parenting dimensions the scale was designed to assess. Internal consistency was good: full scale ɑ=0.83, WRP ɑ=0.86, and HP ɑ=0.76. One item not loading on either subscale was retained for theoretical reasons.

Conclusions

The BPQ is a brief culturally grounded self-report measure of parenting validated for use with Middle Eastern Arabic speaking parents. The data for this paper come from a pre-registered trial: ISRCTN33665023.
Integrating hydro-geomorphological adjustments into flood mapping for enhanced risk assessment
Authors: Mukherjee Tuhin , Goel N. K. , Arya D. S. , Arora Manohar
Published: January 2025

Accurate flood risk assessment is essential for effective risk management, especially as extreme rainfall trends have increased flood frequency and inundation globally. However, rainfall data alone often becomes insufficient in dynamic floodplains, where geomorphological changes are critical. The Shilabati River basin in West Bengal, India, illustrates such a landscape, having experienced severe floods in 1959, 1967, 1968, 1973, 1978, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2013, and 2021. For this basin, mapping landform variability is key to understanding erosion and landscape denudation processes. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM)-based technique known as DEM of Difference (DoD) enables the detection of terrain changes over time by comparing DEMs from distinct periods, offering insight into floodplain erosion. However, DEM-based analysis is prone to spatially correlated errors, which can propagate false topographic features, hindering accurate flood mapping. Our study employs the Elevation Deviation Index (EDI), a DEM comparison method that normalizes and mitigates spatially correlated errors across terrain. Using EDI, we mapped geomorphological changes in the Shilabati floodplain, revealing substantial erosion and elevation loss. Our findings demonstrate a strong positive correlation between EDI values and increased flood extent. These results underscore the importance of incorporating geomorphological analysis in flood risk assessment, as hydrological data alone may overlook critical terrain changes. We recommend a Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment (PFRA) to strengthen flood resilience in the region, targeting vulnerable zones for enhanced, adaptive flood mitigation strategies.
Optically levitated nanoparticles as receiving antennas for low frequency wireless communication
Authors: Fu Zhenhai , Xu Jinsheng , Zhu Shaochong , He Chaoxiong , Zhu Xunming , Gao Xiaowen , Cai Han , He Peitong , Chen Zhiming , Zhang Yizhou , Li Nan , Chen Xingfan , Dong Ying , Zhu Shiyao , Liu Cheng , Hu Huizhu
Published: January 2025

Low-frequency (LF) wireless communications play a crucial role in ensuring anti-interference, long-range, and efficient communication across various environments. However, in conventional LF communication systems, their antenna size is required to be inversely proportional to the frequency, so that their mobility and flexibility are greatly limited. Here we introduce a novel prototype of LF receiving antennas based on optically levitated nanoparticles, which overcomes the size-frequency limitation to reduce the antenna size to the hundred-nanometer scale. These charged particles are extremely sensitive to external electric field as mechanical resonators, and their resonant frequencies are adjustable. The effectiveness of these antennas was experimentally demonstrated by using the frequency shift keying (2FSK) modulation scheme. The experimental results indicate a correlation between error rate and factors such as transmission rate, signal strength, and vacuum degree with a signal strength of approximately 0.1V/m and a bit error rate below 0.1%. We extend the application of levitated particle mechanical resonators as an entirely new type of compact LF antennas, which may be utilized in long-distance communications in extreme environments.
Provision of Radiology Reports Simplified With Large Language Models to Patients With Cancer: Impact on Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Gupta Amit , Singh Swarndeep , Malhotra Hema , Pruthi Himanshu , Sharma Aparna , Garg Amit K. , Yadav Mukesh , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Batra Atul , Rangarajan Krithika
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE

To explore the perceived utility and effect of simplified radiology reports on oncology patients' knowledge and feasibility of large language models (LLMs) to generate such reports.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study was approved by the Institute Ethics Committee. In phase I, five state-of-the-art LLMs (Generative Pre-Trained Transformer-4o [GPT-4o], Google Gemini, Claude Opus, Llama-3.1-8B, and Phi-3.5-mini) were tested to simplify 50 oncology computed tomography (CT) report impressions using five distinct prompts with each LLM. The outputs were evaluated quantitatively using readability indices. Five LLM-prompt combinations with best average readability scores were also assessed qualitatively, and the best LLM-prompt combination was selected. In phase II, 100 consecutive oncology patients were randomly assigned into two groups: original report (received original report impression) and simplified report (received LLM-generated simplified versions of their CT report impressions under the supervision of a radiologist). A questionnaire assessed the impact of these reports on patients' knowledge and perceived utility.

RESULTS

In phase I, Claude Opus-Prompt 3 (explain to a 15-year-old) performed slightly better than other LLMs, although scores for GPT-4o, Gemini, Claude Opus, and Llama-3.1 were not significantly different (
P
> .0033 on Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction). In phase II, simplified report group patients demonstrated significantly better knowledge of primary site and extent of their disease as well as showed significantly higher confidence and understanding of the report (
P
< .05 for all). Only three (of 50) simplified reports required corrections by the radiologist.

CONCLUSION

Simplified radiology reports significantly enhanced patients’ understanding and confidence in comprehending their medical condition. LLMs performed very well at this simplification task; therefore, they can be potentially used for this purpose, although there remains a need for human oversight.
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery in Pediatric Patients: Society of Pediatric Anesthesia Improvement Network
Authors: Sadacharam Kesavan , Mandler Tessa , Staffa Steven J. , Pestieau Sophie R. , Fuller Clinton , Ellington Matthew , Sparks J. William , Fernandez Allison M. ,   SPAIN-ACL Investigators
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Optimal perioperative pain management is unknown for adolescent patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The study aimed to determine the association of nerve blocks with short- and long-term pain outcomes and factors influencing self-reported neurological symptoms.

METHODS:

We performed a multisite, prospective observational study of adolescent patients undergoing ACLR. Perioperative data included demographics, block details, anesthetic, and surgical techniques. Self-reported surveys documented pain scores, medication use, and neurological symptoms at various time points after the surgery (postoperative day [POD] 1, POD 3, week 6, and month 6). Associations between different groups of peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) and the absence of a block were analyzed for their effects on acute postoperative pain outcomes. In addition, factors influencing self-reported neurological outcomes were determined using both univariate and multivariate regression.

RESULTS:

Data from 519 subjects (aged 15 years, 55.7% female) showed that 23.9% of patients with anterior plus posterior nerve blocks (A+P PNB) reported severe postanesthesia care unit (PACU) pain scores, compared to 40% with no PNB and 38.3% with anterior PNB (A-PNB). Patients receiving A-PNB or A+P PNB had significantly lower intraoperative morphine equivalents (MEs) (0.49 mg/kg and 0.46 mg/kg, respectively) vs no block patients (0.61 mg/kg). Total PACU MEs were lower for any patient who received a PNB. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that patients who received A+P PNB or a hamstring autograft had lower POD 1 severe pain scores (odds ratio [OR] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.84 and OR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15–0.83, respectively). Patients with PNBs with local anesthesia concentration (LAC) greater than 0.25% reported higher POD1 pain scores (OR = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.1–4.16) compared to those with lower LAC. Patients with PNB catheters had reduced POD 1 pain. Multivariable logistic regression analysis for numbness at week 6 revealed a greater odds of numbness for A-PNB with LAC >0.25% (OR = 5.13; 95% CI, 1.27–20.8). At month 6, patients receiving PNB with perineural steroid adjuvant were more likely to report numbness (dexamethasone OR = 5.93; 95% CI, 1.61–21.9, methylprednisolone OR = 11.3; 95% CI, 2.16–58.6).

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients who received A+P PNB had lower postoperative pain scores than those who received no block. Additional studies are necessary to discern how PNB type, graft harvest site, LAC, and adjuvants influence pain control, persistent numbness, and weakness.
Behavioural patterns of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of the effects of active transportation, uninterrupted sitting time, and screen use on physical activity and sitting time
Authors: Marchant Gonzalo , Chevance Guillaume , Ladino Andrés , Lefèvre Brice , Jacquemond Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Background The closure of universities due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected students’ behaviours, particularly regarding physical activity, sitting time, and screen use. This study aimed to determine the effect of active transportation duration, uninterrupted sitting time, and screen time to study on physical activity and sitting time during the confinement. Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on data collected via an online questionnaire for university students during the second confinement in France (between October and December 2020). The questionnaire assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and contained questions about modes of transport, and perception of uninterrupted sitting time and screen time to study prior to confinement and during confinement. Participants (N=2873) completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in an average time of around 15 minutes, after providing digital informed consent. Multiple regression models assessed how time duration of active transportation, uninterrupted sitting time, and screen time studying increased or reduced confinement effects on physical activity and sitting time. Results The regression models showed that physical activity decreased during confinement for students who engaged in more prolonged periods of active transportation prior to confinement. Moreover, the perception of long, uninterrupted sitting time and high screen time prior to confinement significantly increased sitting time during confinement. Students who adopted the most active transport time prior to confinement were the least likely to increase their screen time during confinement. Conclusions Confinement reduced physical activity levels and increased sitting time, mainly among students who adopted active transport and accumulated longer uninterrupted sitting time prior to confinement. Students who combined-long periods of uninterrupted sitting time with high screen use could be a riskier profile for health. Analysis of physical activity time and sitting position should include its accumulation patterns.
Detailed biogeographical mapping as a useful novel tool for the conservation of endemic taxa: a case of study for Iberian orchids
Authors: Penas Angel , Alonso-Redondo Raquel , González-Pérez Alejandro , Álvarez-Santacoloma Aitor , Ochoa-Ramos Norma Yolanda , Ferreiro-Lera Giovanni-Breogán , del Río Sara
Published: January 2025

Background Many Iberian orchids occur in plant communities designated as habitats of interest in the European Union, particularly in Mediterranean grasslands and forests. Their ecological importance highlights the need for a deeper understanding of their distribution and ecological requirements in order to develop effective conservation and management policies. Methods This study focuses on the biogeographical mapping and characterisation of five Iberian and Balearic endemic orchid species at district level. Distribution data were collected from existing biodiversity databases and integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS). In order to assign the correct biogeographical epithet to each taxon, a set of rules and criteria was developed to ensure an objective, simple and universal classification based on the species' distribution areas. Results For each orchid species, the study identified its phytosociological assignment, bioclimatic range and current conservation status. Detailed maps were produced, providing insights into the biogeographical, bioclimatic and phytosociological attributes of these taxa. Conclusions The biogeographical mapping and ecological classification presented in this study provide a basis for effective decision-making regarding the conservation and management of these orchid species. In addition, the results can be used to update their conservation status to better reflect their ecological needs and threats.
Social Innovation for Rural Bioeconomies
Authors: Celik Duygu , Caneva Silvia , Mua Chuan ,   SCALE-UP Project Consortium
Published: January 2025

Background The SCALE-UP project aims to support regional bioeconomies, fostering social, environmental, and economic benefits for rural areas. It improves the multi-actor partnerships—comprising private companies, governments, policymakers, civil society groups, and researchers—to scale innovative, sustainable, bio-based value chains utilizing regional resources. An essential aspect of this target is the inclusion of citizens and attention to the social dimensions of bio-based solutions, with social innovation playing a critical role in promoting sustainable development. Methods In the frame of SCALE-UP project, the concept of social innovation was explored, focusing on its application in bioeconomy projects. Best practices were identified through a detailed analysis of regional contexts, gathering data from various stakeholders involved in bio-based initiatives. This information was systematically collected and synthesized to provide a comprehensive understanding of how social innovation can be integrated into bioeconomy development. Results The research highlighted several successful examples of social innovation in regional bioeconomy projects. These practices showed the importance of inclusive approaches, where local communities play a significant role in shaping and benefiting from sustainable bio-based value chains. The findings also highlighted the need for collaborative efforts across different sectors to effectively scale such practices. Conclusions The results of this work offer valuable insights for regional stakeholders aiming to develop sustainable bioeconomies. The analysis of social innovation within the SCALE-UP project provides a framework for integrating social dimensions into bio-based solutions, ensuring that they contribute to long-term rural development. The best practices identified serve as a useful reference for stakeholders seeking to implement or enhance bioeconomy initiatives in their regions.
Jornalismo radiofônico: perspectivas e potencialidades da mídia local
Authors: Magnoni Antonio Francisco , Miranda Giovani Vieira , Camargo Aline Cristina
Published: January 2025

Objetiva-se fazer uma análise do atual cenário de avanço das ferramentas digitais no campo da Comunicação tomando como referência analítica as mudanças nos processos informativos em nível local em contraste com a predominância de uma editorialização global-metropolitana. A partir dos novos paradigmas sociais, econômicos e tecnológicos consequentes da reconfiguração das plataformas, conteúdos e linguagens midiáticas, busca-se fazer uma discussão sobre as possibilidades e eventuais empecilhos para o desenvolvimento de um jornalismo radiofônico plural, independente e cidadão em âmbito local.
"Pimenta Neves tem currículo notável": jornalismo, gênero e hierarquia na cobertura do assassinato de Sandra Gomide
Authors: De Magalhães Carvalho Eleonora
Published: January 2025

O artigo apresenta os dados e conclusões obtidos a partir da análise da cobertura do caso do assassinato da jornalista Sandra Gomide pelo também jornalista e ex-chefe, Pimenta Neves. Encarado enquanto incidente crítico, o crime envolveu jornalistas no papel de vítima e réu, problematizando não apenas a questão do distanciamento pressuposto para a prática de uma cobertura imparcial, bem como expondo hierarquias e relações de gênero presentes dentro das redações brasileiras. Para tanto foi realizada uma análise de enquadramento do conteúdo dos primeiros dezesseis dias da cobertura do caso pela Folha Online, cujos corpus é composto por 229 matérias. Os enquadramentos que predominaram apontaram para a humanização do assassino, reforçando uma posição patriarcal e hierárquica superior; enquanto que se enfatizou a subordinação e culpabilização da vítima em relação ao crime que lhe tirou a vida.
Boticas, Butiquinhas, Botecos, Botequins: sociabilidades e comensalidades dos espaços de lazer popular do moderno Rio de Janeiro
Authors: CHAO Adelaide Rocha de la Torre , MAIA João Luis de Araújo
Published: January 2025

Este artigo aborda a sociabilidade dos espaços de lazer popular carioca, na virada do séc. XIX para o séc. XX, identificando as representações que influenciaram a história e memória social de cidade. Evidencia-se aquilo que envolve a comensalidade – a refeição, o alimento, o lugar de comer/beber – como elementos de vinculação e cultura através de trocas simbólicas. Lembrados por Hobsbawm (1984) de que os costumes são uma tradição inventada - e reinventada, observa-se as referências e estilos das variações destes espaços de lazer popular - das boticas modernas aos botequins contemporâneos. Abordaremos as referências da invenção do restaurante francês que influenciaram tais espaços e o imaginário cultural carioca.
Fotografia e reterritorialização urbana. Saídas fotográficas e sensibilidade social em Belém.
Authors: Fonseca de Castro Fábio , Arraes Raoni Lourenço , Castro Marina Ramos Neves de
Published: January 2025

O artigo discute a relação entre a noção de reterritorialização e a experiência fotográfica, buscando compreender uma dada experiência social de fotografar a cidade de Belém à luz de seus contextos de sentido: as dinâmicas históricas do que chamamos de “movimento fotográfico de Belém” e as vivências temporais dos sujeitos observados. Para ilustrar a problemática faz-se um recorte numa pesquisa etnográfica com nove meses de duração e acompanha-se uma “saída fotográfica”, uma passeio urbano de fotógrafos, transcorrido na noite da Trasladação, que antecede a realização do Círio de Nazaré, em Belém. O artigo discute a fotografia enquanto processo de ressignificação e de sensibilizações do espaço urbano.
Lula 2018: estratégias de campanha permanente no Facebook
Authors: Pozobon Rejane de Oliveira , Ribeiro Andressa Dembogurski
Published: January 2025

O contexto político brasileiro tem sido permeado por acontecimentos que alteram a construção das estratégias comunicacionais utilizadas pelos atores políticos. A utilização da ambiência digital como fonte de relacionamento entre político e cidadão impulsionou o que estudiosos compreendem como campanha permanente. É a partir destas circunstancias que objetivamos, neste artigo, analisar a construção das estratégias de campanha permanente utilizadas por Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, na sua página no Facebook. Buscaremos responder os nossos questionamentos por meio de proposições presentes nos conceitos de campanha eleitoral na ambiência digital, campanha permanente, personalização e dramatização da política, utilizando o método de análise de conteúdo, somado ao uso da técnica de observação indireta e não participativa.
Tantas cidades: experiência e disputas discursivas a partir da música do BaianaSystem, em Salvador-BA
Authors: Cardoso Filho Jorge Cunha , Farias Daniel Oliveira de
Published: January 2025

O artigo apresenta uma análise das disputas discursivas estabelecidas por fãs da banda BaianaSystem, a partir das experiências que as músicas permitem instituir com a cidade de Salvador. As cenas musicais e os territórios materiais simbólicos são vetores fundamentais da experiência dos fãs da banda, que emergem nos seus discursos e revelam matizações dos afetos. Discute tais matizações e indica como essas expressões podem ser lidas de modo a proporcionar tanto experiências emancipadoras para os próprios fãs, quanto para refletir sobre os processos de empoderamento discursivo no campo musical.
Narrativas fílmicas e narrativas de cidades: Nova York e a comédia romântica hollywoodiana pós-11 de setembro
Authors: Amaral Carolina Oliveira do
Published: January 2025

Se narrativas fílmicas, ou ainda um gênero narrativo, podem mudar o que entendemos por uma cidade, pode a narrativa de uma cidade alterar filmes ou um gênero inteiro? É o que pretendemos investigar nesse ensaio a partir de análises de algumas comédias românticas hollywoodianas filmadas em Nova York após o 11 de setembro. Por décadas, a cidade foi a principal escolha para ambientar filmes leves e românticos da indústria americana. No entanto, após 2001 essa paisagem simbólica foi usada com cautela e a maneira como se filmou e editou a cidade acompanha novas formas de narrar comédia, amor e intimidade no gênero.
Quilombos virtuais: as novas expressões de (re)territorialização, resistência, ativismo e empoderamento negro nas redes sociais.
Authors: Dos Santos Cristiano Henrique , Da Silva Renata Nascimento
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo busca analisar os processos, fluxos e refluxos, de desterritorialização e territorialização, no contexto da diáspora negra no Brasil.  Através dos conceitos de quilombismo e comunidade, examinará as comunidades virtuais “Ponte para Pretx” e “Intelectuais Negras: escrita de si mesma” localizadas no Facebook, articulando ponderações e reflexões em torno dos processos de empoderamento negro, ativismo, solidariedade e resistência negra, nucleados na ideia de comunidade virtual. Desta maneira, através dos pressupostos da hermenêutica histórica, a pesquisa demonstrará de que maneira as comunidades virtuais fortalecem a cultura negra, segundo a potência de construir territórios de sentido às populações negras brasileiras em torno de arranjos e organizações sociais e culturais.
Seeing the child in the 21st century
Authors: Greshoff Sam
Published: January 2025

In the last article in this series focusing on Rudolf Steiner, philosopher and thinker, Sam Greshoff, Early Childhood Coordinator at Waldorf UK, explores how Steiner's theories look in early years practice.
Relación entre autonomía económica y violencia de género contra las mujeres en Ecuador
Authors: Urigüen García Maria José , Mejía-Matute Silvia Raquel
Published: January 2025

Sixty-five out of every 100 women in Ecuador have been the victims of gender-based violence. This research determines the relationship between gender-based violence and economic autonomy. Using a binary logistic model incorporating variables related to economic autonomy, it was found that each additional year of education a woman attains reduces her risk of experiencing gender-based violence. Having a salary greater than or equal to the minimum wage and making decisions about money within the household also contribute to reducing such violence. However, having a job does not. It is concluded that greater economic autonomy reduces the risk of gender-based violence for women in Ecuador, although power relations persist when these women work. Therefore, public policy actions, along with social changes and the creation of safe working environments for women, are essential to eradicate violence.
Nondestructive Assessment of Hardwood Cross-Laminated Timber
Authors: Omotayo Richard , França Frederico J. N. , França Tamara S. F. A. , Seale R. Daniel
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the use of longitudinal vibration technique to evaluate the mechanical properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) of four species of lumber—red oak (Quercus rubra), sweetgum (Liquidambar spp.), yellow poplar (Liriodendron spp.), and southern pine (SYP; Pinus spp.). The hardwood CLTs for this study were made from low-grade lumber; SYP CLT was industrially manufactured. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (dMOE) was assessed using the Fakopp device. After nondestructive testing (NDT) evaluation, samples were then destructively tested and correlations between various properties were developed. These properties included bending modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), density, and dMOE. There was moderate correlation between MOE and dMOE for three of the species tested—red oak, sweet gum, and SYP; however, a weaker relationship was observed between MOR and dMOE for all species tested. The coefficient of correlation for MOE against density showed that 30 to 64 percent of tested samples fit into the linear relationship. The coefficient of correlation result suggests that NDT could be reliable for predicting the bending MOE of CLT. The NDT result for hardwood samples also showed that CLT from low-value hardwood lumber could be used for construction purposes, with 95 of 96 hardwood samples exceeding 8,300 MPa, the minimum allowable strength value specified in American National Standards Institute/The Engineered Wood Association for softwood CLT. This research shows that NDT techniques can be used for estimation of mechanical properties of hardwood CLT and are able to improve the grading of mass timber products.
Concord as morphological realization: A novel approach to numeral constructions
Authors: Grabovac Anna
Published: January 2025

abstract: Concord refers to the kind of agreement phenomena typically found in the nominal domain. Many have argued for a unified analysis of agreement and concord since both involve the sharing of features among elements. Others contend that the differences between agreement and concord are non-negligible, and that unifying the two produces overcomplicated theories. This paper follows the latter approach and maintains a distinction between concord and agreement. Inspired by Norris' (2014) theory, I take concord to result from the spell-out of features from dominating nodes on available terminals. In addition to a simpler account of general concord, the proposed analysis offers a novel approach to the complex patterns displayed by Slavic higher numeral constructions. The strength of the system is illustrated through derivations of examples from Russian, Polish, and BCMS.
Slovenian adverbial endings argue for a specific adverbial syntax
Authors: Marušič Franc Lanko , Žaucer Rok
Published: January 2025

abstract: The paper claims that the - o ending on Slovenian deadjectival adverbs is not a designated derivational morpheme for creating adverbs. Against the background of previous literature that questions the existence of adverbs as a category of its own (e.g. Bowers, 1975; Baker, 2003), the paper proposes that the actual source of Slovenian deadjectival adverbs is an adverbial reduced relative clause inside which regular predicative adjectives carry the neuter singular agreement morpheme, which is - o . The paper presents several arguments suggesting that adverbs indeed have a much richer syntactic structure than typically assumed.
On impersonals in Kashubian, Polish, and Silesian: Generic modals and [3SG] in null subject languages
Authors: Ruda Marta
Published: January 2025

abstract: In this paper I offer data showing that Kashubian, Polish, and Silesian have a largely parallel system of impersonals with a syntactically projected subject. In the structures with agreeing verbal morphology such as (most) modal impersonals in Kashubian, the subject is nominative, implying that in these structures [Case] is present in its projection. In the structures with default verbal morphology such as modal impersonals in Polish and Silesian, the subject is not nominative, which follows from the lack of verbal [φ] in the clausal spine (and [Case] in the projection of the subject). The discussion has implications for developing defining characterisations of null subject languages.
What are we asking with a polar question in Serbian?
Authors: Todorović Neda
Published: January 2025

abstract: This paper discusses contextual distribution of Serbian polar questions with or without high or low negation. The aim is to contribute to crosslinguistic understanding of the interpretation of (negative) polar questions. All polar questions in Serbian are shown to be sensitive to: epistemic bias, tied to speaker's beliefs and expectations, and evidential bias, tied to the evidence available in the conversation (Sudo 2013). The distribution of Serbian polar questions can be systematically captured by the interplay of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, along the lines of AnderBois' (2019) inquisitive semantics for questions. The current proposal provides further support for (a) two syntactic positions for negation in Serbian (Progovac 2005, Milićević 2006), and (b) both negations being contentful (building on Milićević 2006).
Visual simulation of intraocular lenses: technologies and applications [Invited]
Authors: Marcos Susana , Artal Pablo , Lundström Linda , Yoon Geunyoung
Published: January 2025

Cataract surgery requires selecting an intraocular lens (IOL), whose design affects visual outcomes. Traditional IOL evaluation relies on optical models and bench testing, but these methods fall short in simulating perceptual factors crucial to patient experience. Visual simulators, based on different principles including adaptive optics, temporal multiplexing or physical projection of the IOLs, now allow patients and clinicians to preview and compare different IOL designs preoperatively. By simulating real-world interactions of the eye’s optics and the visual system with IOLs, these simulators enhance the patient decision-making process, enable personalized cataract surgery, and can aid in regulatory assessments of IOLs by incorporating pre-operative patient-reported visual outcomes. Visual simulators incorporate deformable mirrors, spatial light modulators and optotunable lenses as dynamic elements to simulate monofocal, multifocal and extended depth-of-focus IOLs, including newer designs aimed at improving contrast sensitivity, expanding depth of focus, and minimizing visual disturbances. With ongoing advancements, these simulators hold potential for transforming IOL design, regulatory processes, and patient care by providing realistic and patient-centered visual assessments, ultimately leading to more successful, individualized surgical outcomes.
100 W, 1 mJ, sub-200 fs high performance laser generation using cascaded Yb: CGA and Yb: YAG amplification
Authors: Shen Liya , Song Jiajun , Peng Yujie , Gao Guanguang , Zhu Junze , Liu Yinfei , Leng Yuxin
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate a high-power solid-state femtosecond laser system based on two types of ytterbium (Yb)-doped gain media. This system effectively harnesses the advantages of Yb: CGA and Yb: YAG crystals: broad spectral output capability and power-scaling potential. The Yb: CGA regenerative amplifier achieved an output power of 80 W at a repetition rate of 100 kHz, with spectral full width at a half maximum (FWHM) of 10.2 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power output from a Yb: CGA regenerative amplifier. Subsequently, by cascading the two stages of Yb: YAG single-pass amplification, the laser output power was increased to 121 W. Owing to the mismatch in the gain peaks between Yb: CGA and Yb: YAG, the amplified spectral FWHM broadens to 13.9 nm. After compression, the laser power and pulse width were 111 W and 184 fs, respectively. This study establishes a paradigm for cascade amplification of high-power, short-pulse-width lasers using different gain crystals.
Sox2 interacts with Atoh1 and Huwe1 loci to regulate Atoh1 transcription and stability during hair cell differentiation
Authors: Cheng Yen-Fu , Kempfle Judith S. , Chiang Hao , Tani Kohsuke , Wang Quan , Chen Sheng-Hong , Lenz Danielle , Chen Wei-Yi , Wu Wenjin , Petrillo Marco , Edge Albert S. B.
Published: January 2025

Stem cell pluripotency gene Sox2 stimulates expression of proneural basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor Atoh1. Sox2 is necessary for the development of cochlear hair cells and binds to the Atoh1 3’ enhancer to stimulate Atoh1 expression. We show here that Sox2 deletion in late embryogenesis results in the formation of extra hair cells, in contrast to the absence of hair cell development obtained after Sox2 knockout early in gestation. Sox2 overexpression decreased the level of Atoh1 protein despite an increase in Atoh1 mRNA. Sox2 upregulated E3 ubiquitin ligase, Huwe1, by direct binding to the Huwe1 gene. By upregulating its cognate E3 ligase, Sox2 disrupts the positive feedback loop through which Atoh1 protein increases the expression of Atoh1. We conclude that Sox2 initiates expression, while also limiting continued activity of bHLH transcription factor, Atoh1, and this inhibition represents a new mechanism for regulating the activity of this powerful initiator of hair cell development.