bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Getting together to forget, to re-member
Authors: Bäckman Carolina , Deres Andrea
Published: December 2024

This article aims to unfold and contextualise a (felt) collective amnesia haunting the independent dance scene in a Danish context. By identifying potential reliefs for this condition, the authors delve into the participatory activities of the artistic initiative Danish Dance Stories, exploring and mapping out potentialities of gathering in practices of re-membering a (plural, embodied) history of dance. Taking on a wider perspective, they emphasise the need for an institutional, long-term responsibility of historicising-maintenance.
Camic: Veblen: The Making of an Economist Who Unmade Economics
Authors: Thomas Alex
Published: December 2024

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The UN-OIF peace and security cooperation : nature, scope and challenges
Authors: Belfekih Dhouha
Published: December 2024

This article explores the key aspects, challenges and problems of the UN and the OIF cooperation in the field of peace and security from 1998 to 2024. Based on the theory of regional security complexes, the article analyzes the model of interaction between the United Nations Organization (UN) and the International Organization of Francophonie (OIF) in the context of ensuring peace and stability on the African continent, as well as the national interests of the participating countries. This article also assesses the challenges and problems of cooperation in countering extremism and terrorism, as well as peacekeeping on the African continent and considers future prospects. The study uses institutional, historical, statistical, analytical methods to examine the practical aspects of interaction between the organizations. The theory of regional security complexes explains the strategic behavior of the UN and the OIF member states in the face of new challenges and threats to security in Africa and the changing global balance of power. It provides a new theoretical perspective for understanding not only the strategic choices of the formats of countries' participation in the global peace and security system, but contributes to the research of securitization and international security processes. The author has identified the most pressing problems of cooperation between the UN and the OIF in peace and security, which include strategic, financial, political, linguistic and logistical obstacles.
Comparative study on the linear and nonlinear dynamic analysis of typical RC buildings
Authors: Meral Emrah , Tanik Cayci Bayram , Inel Mehmet
Published: December 2024

A careful evaluation has been carried out to reveal advantages and disadvantages of linear and nonlinear modelling in dynamic analysis. 4- and 7- story building models representing characteristics of about 500 existing buildings models in Turkey was used in analyses. In the study, displacement demand parameters such as roof drift ratio and interstory drift ratio obtained from linear and nonlinear analyses were compared using a total of 24 ground motion records including forward directivity effects (Set 2) as well as records (Set 1) recorded in type B and C soils. Although the seismic demands for Set 2 are obtained extremely high in the nonlinear models, the demand differences between Set 1 and Set 2 are not excessive for the linear models. In the region where the T/Tp ratio is close to one, the linear analysis predicts unrealistically high demands compared to the nonlinear analysis. Linear analysis results mostly show an increase or decrease depending on dynamic amplification effects. The effects of ground motion intensity and damage mechanism cannot be observed in linear analysis method. For all these reasons, it is recommended not to prefer linear modeling method when using time-history analysis.
Rheological behaviour of cement mortar with recycled organic sand
Authors: Chafika Settari , Ilyes Irki , Farid Debieb , Elhadj Kadri
Published: December 2024

The aim of this paper is the study of rheological behaviour of the recycled organic sand (ROS) in cement mortar, using derived sand from recycled asphalt pavement (RAP). Four substitutions amount of ROS sands (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) against the weight of natural sand (NS) were used to obtain M 25, M 50, M 75, and M 100 respectively which were compared with the reference mortar M 0. In this study, the water/cement (w/c) ratio was kept constant at 0.55 for all mixtures. Fresh properties were given form slump test and spread measurements, when, the rheological parameters such as shear stress, yield stress and plastic viscosity were obtained by using a rotating Anton Paar rheometer; the test result shows that both of slump and spread were negatively affected by increasing the sand substitution. The shear stress, yield stress and plastic viscosity were increased with the increasing the substitution amount. All mortars followed the Bingham model until 50% of ROS substitution, after this amount, the obtained mortars were segregated.
espiritualidad como lugar de la libertad
Authors: Sancho Francisco Javier
Published: December 2024

La intencionalidad inherente al desarrollo de este tema parte de la definición que Edith Stein nos ofrece sobre la persona humana en su escrito Estructura de la persona humana: «el ser espiritual y libre». La comprensión del ser humano como un ser espiritual es una idea transversal en toda la antropología steiniana, donde la libertad emerge en todo su sentido como posibilidad de desarrollo. Un camino que le abre al ser humano la capacidad de descubrir su interioridad, su centro más profundo, donde el yo se encuentra en su casa y alcanza su mayor grado de libertad. De ahí la importancia de cultivar y potenciar el desarrollo espiritual del individuo, para que se realice en plenitud y alcance la meta de su vida: la unión de amor con Dios.
El ideal de un “perfectum opus rationis”. La comprensión de Edith Stein de la relación entre filosofía y religión (cristiana), entre el conocimiento natural de la razón y el conocimiento sobrenatural de la fe (cristiana)
Authors: Enders Markus
Published: December 2024

La filósofa y santa cristiana Edith Stein (1891-1942) estuvo intensamente ocupada y profundamente conmovida por la cuestión de la relación adecuada entre filosofía y religión, entre el conocimiento natural de la razón y el conocimiento sobrenatural (cristiano) de la fe. Desarrolló su propio concepto para determinar esta relación, que se presentará en este artículo utilizando tres de los textos centrales de Stein. Los dos primeros pertenecen a la fase de la vida de Stein en la que ya se había convertido a la fe católica, pero aún no había ingresado en la orden carmelita.  El tercer y último texto, sobre el sentido y la posibilidad de una filosofía cristiana, está tomado de la introducción a su principal obra filosófica Ser finito y eterno, que escribió como carmelita entre 1935 y 1937. De estos textos van a surgir los contornos del ideal de una relación complementaria entre fe y razón, que Stein describió como el ideal de un "perfectum opus rationis", es decir, una obra perfecta de la razón. A continuación se presentarán estos tres textos en su orden cronológico en la biografía de Stein y se evaluarán sistemáticamente en cuanto a su definición de la relación entre razón y fe, filosofía y religión.
Processos de expropriação e privatização nos territórios quilombolas do Recôncavo Baiano
Authors: Fernandes Mariana Balen , Müller Cíntia Beatriz
Published: December 2024

No presente artigo, o intento é contextualizar processos vinculados a ciclos econômicos e seus reflexos sobre os territórios das comunidades quilombolas do Recôncavo Baiano. Visa apresentar a relação entre políticas desenvolvimentistas e os processos de expropriação territorial sofridos diante da presença imposta das plantations, durante o período colonial açucareiro, até à chegada da monocultura do eucalipto e do bambu, assim como a instalação do polo industrial, especulação imobiliária e projetos turísticos que recaem sobre o patrimônio cultural e territorial quilombola. Da mesma forma, apresenta modos de ressignificação e reterritorialização dos territórios, continentais e pesqueiros, tradicionalmente ocupados por pescadores e marisqueiras diante da imposição de agentes públicos e privados.
Antropologia Sem Fronteiras
Authors: Soares Carlos Alberto Caroso , Müller Cíntia Beatriz , Fernandes Felipe Bruno Martins , Tavares Fátima Regina Gomes
Published: December 2024

O editorial do primeiro número da Revista Antropologia sem Fronteiras apresenta a proposta de ampliar os horizontes da antropologia, promovendo um diálogo entre disciplinas acadêmicas e conhecimentos de povos indígenas, quilombolas e minorias sociais. Discute os desafios contemporâneos da antropologia e a necessidade de abordagens colaborativas, críticas e éticas na produção de saberes. A revista convida pesquisadores e ativistas a compartilhar experiências que fomentem práticas de resistência e solidariedade.
Empowering patients in decision‐making in radiation oncology – can we do better?
Authors: Leech Michelle , Katz Matthew S. , Kazmierska Joanna , McCrossin Julie , Turner Sandra
Published: March 2020

The decision as to whether or not a patient should receive radiation therapy as part of their cancer treatment is based on evidence‐based practice and on recommended international consensus treatment guidelines. However, the merit of involving the patients' individual preferences and values in the treatment decision is frequently overlooked. Here, we review the current literature pertaining to shared decision‐making (SDM) in the field of radiation oncology, including discussion of the patient's perception of radiation therapy as a treatment option and patient involvement in clinical trials. The merit of decision aids during the SDM process in radiation oncology is considered, as are patient preferences for active or passive involvement in decisions about their treatment. Clarity of terminology, a better understanding of effective strategies and increased resources will be needed to ensure SDM in radiation oncology becomes a reality.
Increased Mortality in Asians With Systemic Sclerosis in Northern California
Authors: Chung Melody P. , Dontsi Makdine , Postlethwaite Debbie , Kesh Sumana , Simard Julia F. , Fiorentino David , Zaba Lisa C. , Chung Lorinda
Published: March 2020

Objective

The objective of this study is to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in disease manifestations and survival in a US cohort of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), with a focus on Asian patients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among Kaiser Permanente Northern California adults with an incident SSc diagnosis by a rheumatologist from 2007 to 2016, confirmed by a chart review to fulfill 2013 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria. Self‐reported race/ethnicity was categorized as non‐Hispanic white, Asian, Hispanic, and black. Disease manifestations and survival were compared, using white patients as the reference.

Results

A total of 609 patients with incident SSc were identified: 89% were women, and 81% had limited cutaneous SSc, with a mean age at diagnosis of 55.4 ± 14.8 years. The racial/ethnic distribution was 51% non‐Hispanic white (n = 310), 25% Hispanic (n = 154), 16% Asian (n = 96), and 8% black (n = 49). Compared with white patients, black patients had a greater prevalence of diffuse disease (14.5% vs. 44.9%; P < 0.001), and Asians had higher rates of anti‐U1‐RNP antibodies (32.1% vs. 11.9%; P = 0.005). Nine‐year overall survival rates following SSc diagnosis were lower in Asian (52.3%), black (52.2%), and Hispanic patients (68.2%) compared with white patients (75.8%). Pulmonary hypertension and infections were the leading causes of death in Asian patients. Asian race was associated with higher mortality on univariable (hazard ratio [HR] 1.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08‐2.99]; P = 0.020) and multivariable analyses (HR 1.80 [95% CI 0.99‐3.16]; P = 0.047) when adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, cutaneous subtype, smoking status, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, renal crisis, and malabsorption syndrome.

Conclusion

Asian patients with SSc in this US cohort had increased mortality compared with white patients. These patients warrant close monitoring for disease progression.
Investigation of Strain‐Rate Effects in Ni/PU Hybrid Foams under Low‐Impact Velocities
Authors: Felten Markus , Fries Michael , Pullen Andy , Proud William G. , Jung Anne
Published: March 2020

Metal foams are often used as energy absorbers and lightweight materials. Inspired by a natural blueprint, open‐cell metal foams can significantly reduce the mass of a structure. The innovative manufacturing process of electrodeposition provides the possibility to customize the coating layer thickness of nickel (Ni) on a polyurethane (PU) precursor foam. Consequently, the mechanical properties can be adjusted according to the requirements of the expected application. Herein, quasistatic compression tests and low‐velocity impact tests are conducted on open‐cell Ni/PU hybrid foams to investigate the strain‐rate effects for strain rates in the range of 10−3 to 550 s−1. Furthermore, digital image correlation is performed with the intention of comparing the micromechanical deformation mechanisms under quasistatic loading with those under dynamic loading. For the first time, the heat evolution at different impact velocities of metal foams has been investigated with an infrared camera.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Evolution in HfNbTaTiZr Refractory High‐Entropy Alloy During Cold Rolling
Authors: Zherebtsov Sergey , Yurchenko Nikita , Shaysultanov Dmitry , Tikhonovsky Mikhail , Salishchev Gennady , Stepanov Nikita
Published: March 2020

The effect of cold rolling on the structure and mechanical properties of the HfNbTaTiZr refractory high‐entropy alloy with a single body‐centered cubic (BCC) phase structure is studied. The microhardness evolution during cold rolling to the thickness strain εth = 80% shows three distinct stages: an increase till εth ≈ 15%, a plato in the interval ≈15–40%, and again some increase at εth ≥ 40%. This behavior is found to be associated with an increase in dislocation density at the first stage, the formation of kink bands at the second stage, and the development of shear bands with fine lamellar internal substructure at the third stage. After cold rolling to 80%, the alloy demonstrates the yield strength of 1220 MPa, peak strength 1320 MPa, and elongation to fracture 3.4%. A short steady‐state flow stage is observed on the engineering stress–strain curve that can also be associated with kinking.
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties Improvement of AlZnMgCu Alloys Induced by a Novel Double Electroshocking Treatment
Authors: Wu Wenlin , Song Yanli , Ning Shiru , Hua Lin
Published: March 2020

Herein, a novel solution method of AlZnMgCu alloy using double electroshocking treatment (D‐EST) is proposed. Compared with the conventional solid solution treatment (SST) at 475 °C for 30 min, this method can provide more desirable results, although it only takes 10.2 s. Single tensile test results show that the ultimate strength and elongation after D‐EST followed by T6 aging are, respectively, increased by 2.6% and 6.8% relative to that of SST. In addition, the microstructure of the alloy after D‐EST and SST is characterized by the scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD). The experimental results reveal that D‐EST can give rise to more adequate dissolution of secondary phases especially intermetallic compounds and long rod‐shaped dispersion phase, finer grains, and fewer grain boundaries in the range of 5°–8°. The kinetic mechanism of D‐EST is interpreted from the point of view of electromigration and the nonuniform distribution of temperature on the microscale.
Highly Reproducible, Bio‐Based Slab Photonic Crystals Grown by Diatoms
Authors: Goessling Johannes W. , Wardley William P. , Lopez‐Garcia Martin
Published: March 2020

Slab photonic crystals (PhCs) are photonic structures used in many modern optical technologies. Fabrication of these components is costly and usually involves eco‐unfriendly methods, requiring modern nanofabrication techniques and cleanroom facilities. This work describes that diatom microalgae evolved elaborate and highly reproducible slab PhCs in the girdle, a part of their silicon dioxide exoskeletons. Under natural conditions in water, the girdle of the centric diatom Coscinodiscus granii shows a well‐defined optical pseudogap for modes in the near‐infrared (NIR). This pseudogap shows dispersion toward the visible spectral range when light is incident at larger angles, eventually facilitating in‐plane propagation for modes in the green spectral range. The optical features can be modulated with refractive index contrast. The unit cell period, a critical factor controlling the pseudogap, is highly preserved within individuals of a long‐term cultivated inbred line and between at least four different C. granii cell culture strains tested in this study. Other diatoms present similar unit cell morphologies with various periods. Diatoms thereby offer a wide range of PhC structures, reproducible and equipped with well‐defined properties, possibly covering the entire UV‐vis–NIR spectral range. Diatoms therefore offer an alternative as cost‐effective and environmentally friendly produced photonic materials.
Soil biochemical and microbial response to wheat and corn stubble residue management in Louisiana
Authors: Acree Autumn , Fultz Lisa M. , Lofton Josh , Haggard Beatrix
Published: March 2020

The effects of crop residue on soil conditions depend on the quality and management of the residue. Management practices that do not use physical disturbance (prescribed fire and no‐till) were investigated for their potential impacts on soil chemical and biological properties. Surface soil samples (0–5 cm) were collected across no‐till and prescribed fire treatments of wheat (Triticum spp.) in 2014 and 2015 and in 2014 in corn (Zea mays L.) stubble residue at 0 h (before management) and at 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, 7 d, 1 mo, and 6 mo after management. There was a lack of difference between prescribed fire and no‐till management responses in soil chemical and biological properties. However, similar responses in prescribed fire and no‐till management over sampling time of NO3––N, NH4+–N, enzyme activity, and absolute abundance of ester‐linked fatty acid methyl ester biomarkers suggest that abiotic factors and systems management (i.e., fertilizer applications, crop rotation) had a greater influence in these humid subtropical production systems. Additions of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] residue and N fertilizers in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–soybean rotation increased NH4+–N concentrations by 153%, N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase activity by 247%, and relative abundance of Gram‐negative bacteria and saprophytic fungi regardless of residue management. Nitrogen fertilizer applications in corn systems also increased NH4+–N concentrations (322%) along with relative abundance of actinomycetes and saprophytic fungi. These results suggest that no‐till and prescribed fire management are viable residue management options that maintained soil organic matter and inorganic N concentrations; however, further investigation is needed to evaluate the long‐term (>2 yr) impacts on soil health.
PIGW‐related glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency: Description of a new patient and review of the literature
Authors: Peron Angela , Iascone Maria , Salvatici Elisabetta , Cavirani Benedetta , Marchetti Daniela , Corno Silvia , Vignoli Aglaia
Published: March 2020

Inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) deficiencies are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous conditions belonging to the congenital disorders of glycosylation. PIGW is involved in GPI biosynthesis and modification, and biallelic pathogenic variants in this gene cause autosomal recessive GPI biosynthesis defect 11. Only five patients and two fetuses have been reported in the literature thus far. Here we describe a new patient with a novel homozygous missense variant in PIGW, who presented with hypotonia, severe intellectual disability, early‐onset epileptic seizures, brain abnormalities, nystagmus, hand stereotypies, recurrent respiratory infections, distinctive facial features, and hyperphosphatasia. Our report expands the phenotype of GPI biosynthesis defect 11 to include stereotypies and recurrent respiratory infections. A detailed and long‐term analysis of the electroclinical characteristics and review of the literature suggest that early‐onset epileptic seizures are a key manifestation of GPI biosynthesis defect 11. West syndrome and focal‐onset epileptic seizures are the most common seizure types, and the fronto‐temporal regions may be the most frequently involved areas in these patients.
A case of G1013R FBN1 mutation: A potential genotype–phenotype correlation in severe Marfan syndrome
Authors: Willis Brooke R. , Lee Mianne , Rethanavelu Kavitha , Fung Jasmine L. F. , Wong Rosanna M. S. , Hui Peter , Yeung Kit S. , Lo Ivan F. M. , Chung Brian H. Y.
Published: March 2020

Marfan Syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder with a wide range of severities. Ninety‐five percent of MFS probands have a mutation in the fibrillin‐1 gene (FBN1); however, there are a high number of unique mutations complicating attempts at establishing any phenotype–genotype correlations for this disease (Tiecke et al., European Journal of Human Genetics, 2001, 9, 13–21). One of the few extant genotype–phenotype correlations is in exon 24–32 which have been associated with a severe pediatric presentation of neonatal MFS with predominately cardiovascular symptoms. We present a 24‐year‐old male patient with a heterozygous de novo variant NM_000138.4: c.3037G>A (p.G1013R) located in exon 25 of the FBN1 gene. The patient was found to have dysplastic mitral and tricuspid valves with dilated aortic root at 9 months of age. This is a notable case in that the location of this patient's mutation and his age of symptom onset would indicate a guarded prognosis. Further, this mutation, FBN1 G1013R, has been reported in the literature in four other unrelated patients all of whom presented at a young age with cardiac involvement and all of whom had relative longevity when compared to other patients with mutations in this exon 24–32 hot spot. These findings may represent a more specific genotype–phenotype correlation within this mutational hot spot.
Tracheal resection: the team brief in multi‐stage airway surgery
Authors: Cervi E. , Ong C.
Published: March 2020

The multidisciplinary team brief and effective clinical decision‐making are critical to airway surgery. To illustrate this, we present the case of a 58‐year‐old female with papillary thyroid cancer invading the trachea. We describe a basic framework that was used to aid planning the management of this patient. Tracheal resection is a complex airway operation requiring the evaluation of airway obstruction risk, the formulation of strategies for complex airway management and lung ventilation during complete resection of the tracheal segment and a handover plan for safe tracheal extubation. We suggest that team performance is facilitated by a standardised structure for consideration of anticipated events and important decisions to be made before the operation. Furthermore, it can provide a platform to engage the team when unanticipated events occur and alternate plans have to be made in a time‐critical manner.
High‐temperature char gasification of anthracite/petroleum coke: using biomass leachate as cheap‐effective additive
Authors: Wei Juntao , Ding Lu , Gong Yan , Guo Qinghua , Wang Yifei , Yu Guangsuo
Published: March 2020

Rice straw leachate (RSL) was employed as cheap‐effective biomass‐based additive for anthracite/petroleum coke (JM/PC) gasification. The influence of RSL on high‐temperature (1,000–1,300°C) char gasification reactivity and kinetics was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. The results demonstrate that for PC char, catalytic effect of RSL on its gasification reactivity existed within the whole temperature range and was initially weakened and then enhanced as gasification temperature increased (turning‐point temperature, 1,200°C). For JM char, as gasification temperature increased, the influencing form of RSL on its gasification reactivity was initially presented as the weakened catalytic effect and turned into the reduced inhibition effect within 1,200–1,300°C. These phenomena were mainly attributed to the concentration and activity variations of alkali/alkaline earth metal species derived from RSL during JM/PC char gasification at different temperatures. Kinetics analysis based on conventional models indicates that random pore model (RPM) was more suitable to describe char gasification. Moreover, RSL additive could reduce the activation energy of JM char and PC char gasification by 12.71 and 43.39 kJ·mol−1, respectively, which implied that RSL help to improve char gasification kinetics and exhibited more positive effect on PC char. Kinetics analysis based on free‐model method verified the reliability and accuracy of RPM.
High performance Nylon12/clay nanocomposites for potential packaging applications
Authors: Gill Yasir Qayyum , Abid Umer , Song Mo
Published: March 2020

The barrier property enhancement of polymers is presently a matter of great concern for the manufacturing of food packaging and films with excellency in moisture and gas resistance. The objective of this work was to enhance the barrier performance of Nylon12/kaolin clay nanocomposites against water vapors and oxygen. Kaolin clays of different aspect ratios were utilized for nanocomposites manufacturing. Nanocomposites were prepared in twin screw extruder operating at 160–200°C, with an increment of 10°C, and at 110 rev/min. The loading of clay was varied from 1 to 5 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction characterizations were used to investigate the morphological properties of nanocomposites. The transmission electron microscopy analysis was used to confirm the dispersion of clays in Nylon12 matrix. Enhancement in barrier performance of nanocomposite was noticed at 5 wt% clay loading. Oxygen barrier of nanocomposites was observed to be more prominent than water vapors owing to the presence of hydrogen bonding in Nylon12 structure which restricted oxygen passage. Experimental barrier values of nanocomposites were also fitted on barrier models namely Nielsen, Cussler model, and Gusev‐Lutsi model.
Production of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐g‐poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanofibers by electrospinning and evaluation of the properties of the obtained nanofibers
Authors: Gün Gök Zehra , İnal Murat , Bozkaya Ogün , Yiğitoğlu Mustafa , Vargel İbrahim
Published: March 2020

Nanofiber production was investigated from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) polymers functionalized with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) by grafting of HEMA monomers onto the PET fibers. HEMA grafted PET (PET‐g‐HEMA) copolymers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PET and PET‐g‐HEMA were dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid and nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning. It was found that the PET and PET‐g‐HEMA polymers having grafting yield 20 and 55% could be converted to continuous, smooth, and beadles nanofibers. For characterization of the nanofiber membranes, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter analysis, surface contact angle measurement, porosity analysis, and mechanical tests were applied. When compared with the original PET nanofibers, the thermal properties and degradation process of PET‐g‐HEMA nanofibers changed according to the amount of HEMA present in the structure of nanofibers. The contact angles of the nanofibers obtained from PET‐g‐HEMA polymers decreased whereas the water retention ability of the nanofibers increased compared to original PET nanofibers. The porosity of PET‐g‐HEMA nanofibers was found be high compared to PET nanofibers and whereas the mechanical properties of PET was higher than PET‐g‐HEMA nanofibers. The obtained nanofibers can be used in many fields such as biomaterial applications.
Biodegradable porous polylactic acid film as a separator for supercapacitors
Authors: Vargun Elif , Ozaltin Kadir , Fei Haojie , Harea Evghenii , Vilčáková Jarmila , Kazantseva Natalia , Saha Petr
Published: March 2020

A porous polylactic acid (PLA) film was investigated as a separator for supercapacitors (SCs) and compared with commercial separators, for example, NKK‐MPF30AC and Celgard 2400. The porous PLA film was fabricated via a facile phase inversion method, and the cross‐sectional scanning electron microscope images of the PLA separator film exhibited highly porous interconnected morphology for ion diffusion. The surface modification of separators was performed by radio frequency (RF) air plasma to improve wettability. The plasma modification enhanced the water uptake and swelling properties of the separators and decreased the water contact angles of PLA and Celgard 2400 films. The mechanical and dielectric properties of separators were also studied. The ionic conductivities of RF‐PLA in 1 M H2SO4 and 1 M Na2SO4 were found to be 1.1 × 10−1 S/cm and 0.6 × 10−2 S/cm at room temperature, respectively. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the RF‐PLA SCs showed the lowest solution resistance and internal resistance.
Tunable stress transfer efficiency of polyurethane to spiropyran by multi‐functionalization and its effects on mechano‐chromic response
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Ji Rong , Sun Nannan , Xu Jian , Zhang Xu , Song Xiaoli , Liu Junliang , Zhang Ming , Zhang Shiping , Niu Longlong
Published: March 2020

Spiropyran (SP) derivatives with different hydroxyl groups have been synthesized and incorporated with polyurethane (PU) to prepare mechano‐chromic composites. With the content of hydroxyl groups in SP increasing, the stress transfer along PU molecular chain to SP have been effectively enhanced, resulting in the refined mechano‐chromic response. The correlation coefficient between mechano‐chromic efficiency and effective stress has been defined, which increased by using bishydroxyspiropyran (SP2) instead of SP. With an optimized SP2 content of 1.5 wt%, the composites demonstrated the improved mechano‐chromic effect and mechanical properties. The double hydroxyl groups in SP2 grasped the PU chain in form of chemical bonding, leading to construction of micro‐phase structures in PU matrix.
Influence of Lignin units on the properties of Lignin/PAN‐derived carbon fibers
Authors: Zhang Xiaxiang , Dong Silin , Wu Wei , Yang Jianxiao , Li Jun , Shi Kui , Liu Hongbo
Published: March 2020

Lignin was proposed to an attractive precursor for making carbon fibers (CFs) owing to its high carbon yield, low‐cost, and renewable sourcing. In this work, Lignin/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐derived CFs were prepared and characterized to investigate the effects of Lignin units on their porous texture and surface chemistry. The results showed that the LP20‐CF prepared from PAN with 20% Lignin had higher surface areas than that of the pristine LP0‐CF, and it possessed interconnected multidimensional network with fiber bonding. Moreover, Lignin/PAN‐derived CFs contained more oxygen functional groups of CO, COOR, and nitrogen functional groups of N‐6, NQ than the pristine CFs. These results indicated that the Lignin could be beneficial to achieve CFs with special structure, developed porosity and rich surface chemistry without activation. Therefore, the utilization of Lignin to produce pores and improve surface chemistry of CFs was a simple and effective strategy for preparing the low‐cost and high‐performance functional carbon materials.
Hydroxyapatite/ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene nanocomposites fabricated by in situ hydrothermal synthesis for wear‐resistance and friction reduction
Authors: Shi Guojun , Yan Xiaotian , Wang Qiuyi , Cao Zhen , Min Linfeng , Ji Lijun
Published: March 2020

In situ filling raises a possibility to restrain the agglomeration of nanomaterials in macromolecule matrices, which usually is encountered in the nanocomposites prepared by a mechanical mixing method. In this work, the nanocomposites of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) filled with nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP) were fabricated by an in situ hydrothermal method. The fabricated HAP/UHMWPE nanocomposites exhibited a high dispersion degree of HAP nanoparticles (NPs) and a marked improvement in stiffness, strength, toughness, glass‐transition temperature, and hydrophilicity compared with the matrix and the reference composites prepared by mechanical mixing. Furthermore, pronouncedly decreased coefficients of friction and volume wear rates were observed on the in situ fabricated HAP/UHMWPE nanocomposites under dry friction, the lubrications of water, or cell culture fluid against a steel ring. The in situ fabricating strategy suggests a way to prepare highly dispersed nanocomposites, and the resulting HAP/UHMWPE nanocomposites might indicate a significant clinical prospect.
Constrained by aliens, shifting landscape, or poor water quality? Factors affecting the persistence of amphibians in an urban pond network
Authors: Bounas Anastasios , Keroglidou Maria , Toli Elisavet‐Aspasia , Chousidis Ieremias , Tsaparis Dimitris , Leonardos Ioannis , Sotiropoulos Konstantinos
Published: March 2020

Freshwater communities and especially pond‐breeding amphibians are extremely vulnerable to land‐use change, alien species introductions and the use of pesticides or other toxic chemicals, as reflected in their worldwide decline. Effective conservation and management of ponds requires a better understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors that shape diversity patterns and species distribution, especially in cases of habitat loss

The present study aimed to reveal and classify which pond and landscape characteristics are the most important determinants for the occurrence patterns of amphibian species as well as for the overall amphibian species richness in an urban pond network. To achieve this aim, 17 biotic and abiotic variables were measured for 61 ponds and the dataset was analysed by means of a machine‐learning approach, suitability indices and co‐occurrence modelling

The highest probability of Triturus macedonicus occurrence was found at fishless artificial and semi‐natural ponds. The persistence of Lissotriton graecus in ponds was predicted by high pond connectivity and the absence of fish reflecting the species dispersive potential. Pelophylax kurtmuelleri showed a higher probability of occurrence with increased pond connectivity and macrophyte cover.

Amphibian species richness was higher in fishless ponds with well‐oxygenated waters located in sites with a low to intermediate road density network. Ponds categorized as ‘average’ in terms of newt suitability were more frequently inhabited by fish than Triturus macedonicus. Alien fish species showed negative associations with both newt species, while both newt species showed a positive association between them.

The results support the view that conserving a greater number of water bodies with increased landscape connectivity and without any fish presence could provide amphibian species with alternative habitat choices, especially in sites with human pressure where pond stability is at stake owing to continuous landscape changes.
Land use surrounding wetlands influences urban populations of a freshwater turtle
Authors: Santoro Anthony , Chambers Jane M. , Robson Belinda J. , Beatty Stephen J.
Published: March 2020

Urbanization is one of the most influential land use changes globally and continues to affect wetland ecosystems and their biota. Freshwater turtles, which rely on both terrestrial and aquatic habitats to complete their life cycles, are one of the most endangered vertebrate groups, with approximately 60% of species threatened. Although habitat alteration caused by urbanization is recognized as one of the main threats to freshwater turtles, there is a paucity of studies quantifying the effects of terrestrial habitat change on turtle populations.

The aim of this study was to determine how terrestrial land use change, associated with urbanization, influences the viability of freshwater turtle populations. Thirty‐three wetlands were sampled for the southwestern snake‐necked turtle (Chelodina colliei Gray, 1856) (Chelidae) between October 2016 and February 2017 within a region of continuing urban intensification. Land use and habitat types were classified at the aquatic–terrestrial interface and within a 300‐m band around each wetland. Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify the land use variables that best explained the relative abundance of C. colliei.

Turtle abundance and population structure varied widely among wetlands. The percentage of residential land use, and the presence and accessibility of fringing native vegetation, was positively associated with the relative abundance of C. colliei. The association with residential land use may be an artefact of historical land use, whereas the association with native vegetation is probably because adjacent vegetation provides connectivity with suitable nesting sites, and thus facilitates increased recruitment.

This study shows how the modification of terrestrial habitat around wetlands may directly influence the population viability of freshwater turtles. Protection and restoration of native vegetation fringing urban wetlands is crucial to support the viability of remnant freshwater turtle populations.
Investigating Bullying as a Predictor of Suicidality in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Holden Rachel , Mueller Joanne , McGowan John , Sanyal Jyoti , Kikoler Maxim , Simonoff Emily , Velupillai Sumithra , Downs Johnny
Published: March 2020

For typically developing adolescents, being bullied is associated with increased risk of suicidality. Although adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of both bullying and suicidality, there is very little research that examines the extent to which an experience of being bullied may increase suicidality within this specific population. To address this, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the longitudinal association between experiencing bullying and suicidality in a clinical population of 680 adolescents with ASD. Electronic health records of adolescents (13–17 years), using mental health services in South London, with a diagnosis of ASD were analyzed. Natural language processing was employed to identify mentions of bullying and suicidality in the free text fields of adolescents' clinical records. Cox regression analysis was employed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between bullying and suicidality outcomes. Reported experience of bullying in the first month of clinical contact was associated with an increased risk suicidality over the follow‐up period (hazard ratio = 1.82; 95% confidence interval = 1.28–2.59). In addition, female gender, psychosis, affective disorder diagnoses, and higher intellectual ability were all associated with suicidality at follow‐up. This study is the first to demonstrate the strength of longitudinal associations between bullying and suicidality in a clinical population of adolescents with ASD, using automated approaches to detect key life events within clinical records. Our findings provide support for identifying and dealing with bullying in schools, and for antibullying strategy's incorporation into wider suicide prevention programs for young people with ASD.Autism Res2020, 13: 988‐997. © 2020 The Authors.Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Researchpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

We investigated the relationship between bullying and suicidality in young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined the clinical records of adolescents (aged 13–18 years old) with ASD in South London who were receiving treatment from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. We found that if they reported being bullied in the first month after they were first seen by mental health services, they were nearly twice as likely to go on to develop suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
A validated surrogate analyte UPLC–MS/MS assay for quantitation of TUDCA, TCDCA, UDCA and CDCA in rat plasma: Application in a pharmacokinetic study of cultured bear bile powder
Authors: Zan Bin , Liu Xinhua , Zhao Yining , Shi Rong , Sun Xiaoshu , Wang Tianming , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Shaoyong , Yang Li , Ma Yueming
Published: March 2020

Bear bile is a valuable medicinal material used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years. However, developing a substitute has become necessary because of protection measures for this endangered species. The ingredients of in vitro cultured bear bile powder (CBBP) include tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA, and it has pharmacological properties that are similar to those of natural bear bile powder (NBBP). In this study, the pharmacokinetic parameters of both CBBP and NBBP were measured in rats with a new surrogate analyte LC–MS method using stable isotopes as surrogate analytes (D4‐TUDCA, D4‐TCDCA, D4‐UDCA and D4‐CDCA) with response factors validated in authentic matrix (plasma) for simultaneously monitoring the authentic analytes (TUDCA, TCDCA, UDCA and CDCA). The method validation was satisfactory for the linear regression (r, 0.9975–0.9994), precision (RSD intra‐day, 0.72–9.35%; inter‐day, 3.82–9.02%), accuracy (RE, −12.42–5.67%) and matrix effect (95.53–99.80%), along with analyte recovery (95.90–98.82%) and stability (89.48–101.81%) of surrogate analytes, and precision (RSD intra‐day, 1.06– 11.51%; inter‐day, 2.23– 11.38%), accuracy (RE, −7.40–10.76%) and stability (87.37–111.70%) of authentic analytes. We successfully applied this method to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of CBBP and NBBP in rats, which revealed the critical in vivo properties of both bear bile preparations.
Synthesis and Potential Anticancer Activity of Some Novel Selenocyanates and Diselenides
Authors: Nie Yousong , Zhong Min , Li Shaolei , Li Xiaolong , Zhang Yongmin , Zhang Youhong , He Xianran
Published: March 2020

In the present study, twenty‐four selenocyanate and diselenide compounds were synthesized and characterized, and their anticancer activities against the human cancer cell lines Caco2, BGC‐823, MCF‐7 and PC‐3 were determined. Interestingly, most of the new compounds were active in reducing the viability of different cancer cell lines. Two compounds exhibited higher promising activities than other derivatives. The most active compound showed the least IC50 values against the four cancer cell lines, particularly to PC‐3 with IC50 values below 5 μm. Two compounds were selected to monitor the expression levels of Bcl‐2, IL‐2 and caspase‐3 molecular biomarkers. Interestingly, the two compounds downregulated the Bcl‐2 expression levels and upregulated the expression of IL‐2 and caspase‐3 in PC‐3 cells compared to untreated cells. Moreover, most of the synthesized organoselenides exhibited good Gpx‐like activities comparable to ebselen. These results appear that introduction of selenocyanate (−SeCN) or diselenides (−Se−Se−) moiety to some carboxy derivatives could serve as a promising launch point for the further design of this type of organic selenium anticancer agent.
C−N‐Coupled Metabolites Yield Insights into Dynemicin A Biosynthesis
Authors: Cohen Douglas R. , Townsend Craig A.
Published: March 2020

The biosynthesis of the three structural subclasses of enediyne antitumor antibiotics remains largely unknown beyond a common C16‐hexaene precursor. For the anthraquinone‐fused subtype, however, an unexpected iodoanthracene γ‐thiolactone was established to be a mid‐pathway intermediate to dynemicin A. Having deleted a putative flavin‐dependent oxidoreductase from the dynemicin biosynthetic gene cluster, we can now report four metabolites that incorporate the iodoanthracene and reveal the formation of the C−N bond linking the anthraquinone and enediyne halves emblematic of this structural subclass. The coupling of an aryl iodide and an amine is familiar from organometallic chemistry, but has little or no precedent in natural product biosynthesis. These metabolites suggest further that enediyne formation occurs early in the overall biosynthesis, and that even earlier events might convert the C16‐hexaene to a common C15 intermediate that partitions to enediyne and anthraquinone building blocks for the heterodimerization.
Yin Yang‐1 suppresses CD40 ligand‐CD40 signaling‐mediated anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 expression in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts by promoting histone H3 tri‐methylation at lysine 27 modification on interleukin‐10 promoter
Authors: Pan Yan‐Yun , Yang Jin‐Xiu , Xu Yi‐Fei , Mao Wei
Published: March 2020

During the pathogenesis of early pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblast act as an initiator and mediator of inflammatory processes that predispose vessel walls to excessive vasoconstriction and pathogenic vascular remodeling. Emerging studies report that Yin Yang‐1 (YY‐1) plays important roles in inflammatory response and vascular injury. Our recent study finds that activation of CD40 ligand (CD40L)–CD40 signaling promotes pro‐inflammatory phenotype of pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts. However, whether YY‐1 is involved in CD40L–CD40 signaling‐triggered inflammatory response in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts and its underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we show that soluble CD40L (sCD40L) stimulation promotes YY‐1 protein expression and suppresses anti‐inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL‐10) expression in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts, while YY‐1 knockdown prevents sCD40L‐mediated reduction of IL‐10 expression via enhancing IL‐10 gene transactivation. Further, we find that sCD40L stimulation significantly increases histone H3 tri‐methylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) modification on IL‐10 promoter in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts, and YY‐1 knockdown prevents the effect of sCD40L on IL‐10 promoter by reducing the interaction with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, binding to IL‐10 promoter. Moreover, we find that sCD40L stimulation promotes YY‐1 protein, but not messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, via decreasing N6‐methyladenosine methylation on YY‐1 mRNA to suppress YTHDF2‐medicated mRNA decay. Overall, this in‐depth study shows that the activation of CD40L‐CD40 signaling upregulates YY‐1 protein expression in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts, which results in increasing YY‐1 and EZH2 binding to the IL‐10 promoter region to enhance H3K27me3 modification, eventually leading to suppression of IL‐10 transactivation. This study first uncovers the roles of YY‐1 on CD40L‐CD40 signaling‐triggered inflammatory response in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts.