bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in Ru(ii)/Re(i) dyads via linker oxidation state
Authors: Brown Christopher M. , Auvray Thomas , DeLuca Emile E. , Ezhova Maria B. , Hanan Garry S. , Wolf Michael O.
Published: August 2020

Electronic communication between the linked metal centers in Ru(ii)–Re(i) dyads is tuned using the oxidation state (S and SO2) of sulfur-bridged ligands.
Asymmetric synthesis of benzothiazolopyrimidines with high catalytic efficiency and stereoselectivity under bifunctional phosphonium salt systems
Authors: Lu Dongming , Wu Jia-Hong , Pan Jianke , Chen Xue , Ren Xiaoyu , Wang Tianli
Published: August 2020

Bifunctional phosphonium salt-mediated formal [4+2] annulation towards chiral benzothiazolopyrimidine compounds with excellent yields and stereoselectivities.
Independent bi-reversible reactions and regulable FRET efficiency achieving real-time visualization of Cys metabolizing into SO2
Authors: Li Tao , Huo Fangjun , Chao Jianbin , Yin Caixia
Published: August 2020

An independent bi-reversible reaction sensor BPC detected cysteine (Cys) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) based on the regulable FRET efficiency, and achieved real-time process visualization of Cys metabolizing into SO2 in subcellular organelles and tumors.
Differences in thermal structural changes and melting between mesophilic and thermophilic dihydrofolate reductase enzymes
Authors: Maffucci Irene , Laage Damien , Stirnemann Guillaume , Sterpone Fabio
Published: August 2020

The thermal resistance of two homolog enzymes is investigated, with an emphasis on their local stability and flexibility, and on the possible implications regarding their reactivity.
Theoretical assessment of vibrationally resolved C1s X-ray photoelectron spectra of simple cyclic molecules
Authors: Hua Weijie , Tian Guangjun , Luo Yi
Published: August 2020

Vibrationally-resolved K-edge XPS simulation by the full/equivalent core-hole method is enabled and assessment of the C1s spectra of cyclic molecules shows excellent/acceptable agreement with the experiment.
Steric effects in light-induced solvent proton abstraction
Authors: Lahiri Jurick , Moemeni Mehdi , Magoulas Ilias , Yuwono Stephen H. , Kline Jessica , Borhan Babak , Piecuch Piotr , Jackson James E. , Blanchard G. J. , Dantus Marcos
Published: August 2020

The significance of solvent structural factors in the excited-state proton transfer reactions of the super photobase FR0-SB with alcohols is examined using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy and quantum chemistry computations.
Regiochemical memory in the adiabatic photolysis of thymine-derived oxetanes. A combined ultrafast spectroscopic and CASSCF/CASPT2 computational study
Authors: Blasco-Brusola Alejandro , Navarrete-Miguel Miriam , Giussani Angelo , Roca-Sanjuán Daniel , Vayá Ignacio , Miranda Miguel A.
Published: August 2020

A regioselective triplet exciplex formation has been detected in the photoinduced cycloreversion of benzophenone-dimethylthymine oxetanes, which proceeded through an adiabatic reaction, occurring to a much higher extent for the head-to-head isomer.
Dynamical properties of enzyme–substrate complexes disclose substrate specificity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease as characterized by the electron density descriptors
Authors: Khrenova Maria G. , Tsirelson Vladimir G. , Nemukhin Alexander V.
Published: August 2020

Mapping the Laplacian of the electron density provides easily visible images of the substrate activation to distinguish reactive and nonreactive complexes of SARS-CoV-2 main protease with oligopeptides.
Ultra-small CeO2 nanoparticles supported on SiO2 for indoor formaldehyde oxidation at low temperature
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Fagen , Han Kaihang , Shi Weidong , Yu Hao
Published: August 2020

Ultra-small CeO2 nanocrystals with a size of 2.5 nm were synthesized for high efficiency HCHO oxidation at low temperature.
Deep insight into the catalytic removal mechanism of a multi-active center catalyst for chlorobenzene: an experiment and density functional theory study
Authors: Li Guobo , Wang Ling , Wen Chengyan , Li Fangzhou , Wu Peng , Wang Bing , Shen Kai , Zhang Yaping , Zhang Shule , Xiao Rui
Published: August 2020

Catalytic oxidation is a promising dioxin purification removal technique due to high efficiency and low consumption, as well as no secondary pollution.
Metallic single-atoms confined in carbon nanomaterials for the electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Khalid Mohd. , Bhardwaj Prerna A. , Honorato Ana M. B. , Varela Hamilton
Published: August 2020

Recent advances of single-atom-based carbon nanomaterials for the ORR, OER, HER, and bifunctional electrocatalysis are covered in this review article.
Co(ii)-Based single-ion magnets with 1,1′-ferrocenediyl-bis(diphenylphosphine) metalloligands
Authors: Hrubý J. , Dvořák D. , Squillantini L. , Mannini M. , van Slageren J. , Herchel R. , Nemec I. , Neugebauer P.
Published: August 2020

Two tetracoordinate Co(ii)-based single-ion-magnets were synthesised and characterised by HF-ESR, XPS, UV-VIS with support of ab initio quantum calculations and tested for drop-casting and sublimation depositions of thin films.
Experimental investigation of Mg(B3H8)2 dimensionality, materials for energy storage applications
Authors: Moury Romain , Gigante Angelina , Remhof Arndt , Roedern Elsa , Hagemann Hans
Published: August 2020

We synthesized and studied the dimensionality of Mg(B3H8)2, a controversial intermediate in the thermal decomposition of Mg(BH4)2, furthemore, the high cationic mobility making it a promising candidate as a solid electrolyte in magnesium batteries.
Controlled phosphating: a novel strategy toward NiP3@CeO2 interface engineering for efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Ma Guangyu , Du Xiaoqiang , Zhang Xiaoshuang
Published: August 2020

NiP3@CeO2 catalysts exhibit excellent water oxidation activity (an overpotential of 200 mV@ 25 mA cm−2) under alkaline conditions.
Copper-bottomed: electrochemically active bacteria exploit conductive sulphide networks for enhanced electrogeneity
Authors: Beuth Laura , Pfeiffer Catharina Philine , Schröder Uwe
Published: August 2020

Copper sulphides are shown to act as a conductive matrix improving the electrogenic performance of Geobacter dominated biofilms.
Lipid specificity of the immune effector perforin
Authors: Hodel Adrian W. , Rudd-Schmidt Jesse A. , Trapani Joseph A. , Voskoboinik Ilia , Hoogenboom Bart W.
Published: August 2020

Physical membrane properties play a determining role in defining the sensitivity of membranes to the immune effector perforin.
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis through intestinal barrier improvement, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiota modulation
Authors: Sheng Kangliang , Zhang Guanghui , Sun Ming , He Shiman , Kong Xiaowei , Wang Jingmin , Zhu Fenfang , Zha Xiangdong , Wang Yongzhong
Published: August 2020

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract had the strongest efficacy on colitis through inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, protecting epithelial integrity, and gut microbiota modulation.
Edible mushrooms as a novel protein source for functional foods
Authors: González Abigail , Cruz Mario , Losoya Carolina , Nobre Clarisse , Loredo Araceli , Rodríguez Rosa , Contreras Juan , Belmares Ruth
Published: August 2020

Fast demographic growth has led to increasing interest in low-cost alternative protein sources to meet population needs.
Development of a facile and bi-functional superhydrophobic suspension and its applications in superhydrophobic coatings and aerogels in high-efficiency oil–water separation
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Feng , Li Yudong , Zhang Wenbo , Bai Shunwen , Zheng Xuelian , Huan Jinmu , Cao Guoliang , Yang Tinghan , Wang Meng , Jiang Zishuai , Wang Chengyu , Ho Shih-Hsin
Published: August 2020

A superhydrophobic suspension (SH suspension) is an important precursor for the production of superhydrophobic coatings (SH coatings) and sorbents for water-proofing and oil–water separation.
Elemental assessment of dried and ground samples of leeches via portable X-ray fluorescence
Authors: Zhou Shubin , Cheng Qiuming , Weindorf David C. , Yuan Zhaoxian , Yang Biying , Sun Qun , Zhang Zhenjie , Yang Jie , Zhao Molei
Published: August 2020

Portable X-ray fluorescence was used to determine elemental concentrations in animal tissues (leeches).
Metal free highly efficient C–N bond formation through 1,6-addition: synthesis and photophysical studies of diaryl methyl amino acid esters (DMAAEs)
Authors: Roy Deblina , Verma Abhineet , Banerjee Arpita , Saha Satyen , Panda Gautam
Published: August 2020

A transition-metal free, proficient strategy for the one-pot synthesis of diverse diaryl methyl amino acid esters (DMAAEs) has been established from the easily accessible chiral amino acid esters and para-quinone methides (QMs) in very good to excellent yields.
Bifunctional NaCl template for the synthesis of Si@graphitic carbon nanosheets as advanced anode materials for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Hongqiang , Ding Yajun , Nong Jiaying , Pan Qichang , Qiu Zhian , Zhang Xiaohui , Zheng Fenghua , Wu Qiang , Huang Youguo , Li Qingyu
Published: August 2020

A 2D Si@GC nanosheet composite is synthesized through a facile ball-milling method using NaCl as a bifunctional template, which can achieve a high reversible capacity and long-term cycling performance when evaluated as an anode material for LIBs.
Enzyme-responsive chiral self-sorting in amyloid-inspired minimalistic peptide amphiphiles
Authors: Gupta Deepika , Sasmal Ranjan , Singh Ashmeet , Joseph Jojo P. , Miglani Chirag , Agasti Sarit S. , Pal Asish
Published: August 2020

Chirality-driven self-sorting in peptide nanofibers that exhibits enantioselective enzymatic degradation for l-peptide fibers over their d-counterparts as visualized by super-resolution microscopy.
Phyto-inspired and scalable approach for the synthesis of PdO–2Mn2O3: a nano-material for application in water splitting electro-catalysis
Authors: Zahra Taghazal , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Thomas Andrew Guy , Zequine Camila , Gupta Ram K. , Malik Mohammad Azad , Sohail Manzar
Published: August 2020

A modified co-precipitation method has been used for the synthesis of PdO–2Mn2O3nanocomposite as an efficient electrode material for the electro-catalytic oxygen evolution (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
A simple method for the synthesis of N-difluoromethylated pyridines and 4-pyridones/quinolones by using BrCF2COOEt as the difluoromethylation reagent
Authors: Gandioso Albert , El Fakiri Mohamed , Rovira Anna , Marchán Vicente
Published: August 2020

A simple transition-metal free method was developed for the synthesis of N-difluoromethylated pyridinium-containing compounds and 4-pyridones/quinolones.
Mechanistic insight into hydroxamate transfer reaction mimicking the inhibition of zinc-containing enzymes
Authors: Kwon Nam , Suh Jong-Min , Lim Mi Hee , Hirao Hajime , Cho Jaeheung
Published: August 2020

A hydroxamate transfer reaction between metal complexes has been investigated by a combination of experimental and theoretical studies.
Low temperature-boosted high efficiency photo-induced charge transfer for remarkable SERS activity of ZnO nanosheets
Authors: Lin Jie , Yu Jian , Akakuru Ozioma Udochukwu , Wang Xiaotian , Yuan Bo , Chen Tianxiang , Guo Lin , Wu Aiguo
Published: August 2020

The boosted SERS activity is attributed to a high-efficiency PICT process due to the significant reduction of non-radiative recombination at a low temperature.
Self-assembling two-dimensional nanophotonic arrays for reflectivity-based sensing
Authors: Ma Ye , Sikdar Debabrata , He Qian , Kho Daniel , Kucernak Anthony R. , Kornyshev Alexei A. , Edel Joshua B.
Published: August 2020

We propose a nanoplasmonic platform that can be used for sensing trace levels of heavy metals in solutions via simple optical reflectivity measurements at the liquid–liquid interface.
A zero-dimensional nickel, iron–metal–organic framework (MOF) for synergistic N2electrofixation
Authors: Duan Jingjing , Sun Yuntong , Chen Sheng , Chen Xianjue , Zhao Chuan
Published: August 2020

A zero-dimensional metal–organic framework (MOF) has been fabricated that can electrochemically reduce atmospheric N2into useful ammonia.
Modification of cellulose nanocrystal surface chemistry with diverse nucleophiles for materials integration
Authors: Bullard Krista K. , Srinivasarao Mohan , Gutekunst Will R.
Published: August 2020

A straightforward method to modify cellulose nanocrystal surfaces enables attachment of a wide range of nucleophiles.
Metal-free efficient dye-sensitized solar cells based on thioalkylated bithiophenyl organic dyes
Authors: Lin Fang-Sian , Priyanka Pragya , Fan Miao-Syuan , Vegiraju Sureshraju , Ni Jen-Shyang , Wu Yi-Ching , Li Yi-Hsien , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Ezhumalai Yamuna , Jeng Ru-Jong , Chen Ming-Chou , Ho Kuo-Chuan
Published: August 2020

A series of new metal-free organic dyes based on 3,3′-dithioalkyl-2,2′-bithiophene (SBT) organic chromophores was synthesized for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Photo-bleaching of optical waveguide polymers with dipolar chromophores to improve their sensitivity for explosive vapor detection
Authors: Zheng Youbin , Wu Jieyun , Qu Shiwei , Deng Guowei , Li Zhonghui , Sun Kang , Jiang Lianzhong , Chen Kaixin , Luo Jingdong
Published: August 2020

UV light bleaching of chromophore-containing polycarbonate is employed to optimize the waveguide evanescent field in Mach–Zehnder interferometer. It significantly improves the light–analyte interaction for nitrobenzene explosive vapor detection.
Self-doped tungsten oxide films induced by in situ carbothermal reduction for high performance electrochromic devices
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Wei Peng , Fang Huajing , Wu Wenting , Wu Liangliang , Wang Hong
Published: August 2020

Self-doping WO3−x with nanopores and oxygen vacancies is prepared by a low-cost and eco-friendly route for high performance electrochromic devices.
Thermal analysis of a Gramme‐ring‐winding high‐speed permanent‐magnet motor for pulsed alternator using CFD
Authors: Wan Yuan , Li Qiang , Guo Jian , Cui Shumei
Published: August 2020

Due to the merit of very‐short end turns, Gramme‐ring windings are widely used in high‐speed permanent‐magnet motors (HSPMMs). This study investigated the thermal issues of a 300 kW, 12,000 rpm Gramme‐ring‐winding HPSMM with housing water jacket and forced air cooling, based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and numerical heat‐transfer calculations. The reasons that cause the overheat of the prototype in the experimental test are thoroughly analysed. The high wind resistance of air gap as the ventilation duct and the large interface gap between the stator lamination and housing water jacket is thought to be the main reasons. Then improvement of the ventilation structures is studied to decrease the wind resistance. Besides, the modification of water channels is also investigated to avoid the influence of a large interface gap on the water cooling performance. Finally, a new cooling structure, combining the slot ventilation ducts and inside water channels, is proposed for the HSPMM with Gramme‐ring windings. With the new cooling structure, the temperature rise of the motor is decreased, and the power density can be increased.
Robust model predictive current control without dead‐zone compensation
Authors: Zhang Qiukui , Yi Yingping , Liu Pu
Published: August 2020

To solve the problems of large steady‐state errors, high harmonic components and poor robustness of traditional current model prediction, a novel three‐vector model predictive current control for permanent magnet synchronous motor is presented in this study. The vectors operating time is calculated with the combination of current increment and the unconventional modulation method is adopted to generate duty cycle containing dead zone. Adopting the current command correction link, the current deviation caused by inaccuracy parameter is reduced. Proved by experiment, novel control system not only the current steady‐state error and current harmonic component are reduced, but also the parameter robustness is enhanced.
The origin of radio emission in broad absorption line quasars: Results from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (Corrigendum)
Authors: Morabito L. K. , Matthews J. H. , Best P. N. , Gürkan G. , Jarvis M. J. , Prandoni I. , Duncan K. J. , Hardcastle M. J. , Kunert-Bajraszewska M. , Mechev A. P. , Mooney S. , Sabater J. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Shimwell T. W. , Smith D. J. B. , Tasse C. , Williams W. L.
Published: August 2020

We report an erratum in Morabito et al. (2019, A&A, 622, A15). When calculating radio powers from observed flux densities, the wrong sign convention was used. This resulted in an underestimation of the radio powers by a median value of 0.6 dex and a maximum of 1 dex. The conclusions of the paper are unchanged.
Characterising filaments in the SDSS volume from the galaxy distribution
Authors: Malavasi Nicola , Aghanim Nabila , Douspis Marian , Tanimura Hideki , Bonjean Victor
Published: August 2020

Detecting the large-scale structure of the Universe based on the galaxy distribution and characterising its components is of fundamental importance in astrophysics but is also a difficult task to achieve. Wide-area spectroscopic redshift surveys are required to accurately measure galaxy positions in space that also need to cover large areas of the sky. It is also difficult to create algorithms that can extract cosmic web structures (e.g. filaments). Moreover, these detections will be affected by systematic uncertainties that stem from the characteristics of the survey used (e.g. its completeness and coverage) and from the unique properties of the specific method adopted to detect the cosmic web (i.e. the assumptions it relies on and the free parameters it may employ). For these reasons, the creation of new catalogues of cosmic web features on wide sky areas is important, as this allows users to have at their disposal a well-understood sample of structures whose systematic uncertainties have been thoroughly investigated. In this paper we present the filament catalogues created using the discrete persistent structure extractor tool in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and we fully characterise them in terms of their dependence on the choice of parameters pertaining to the algorithm, and with respect to several systematic issues that may arise in the skeleton as a result of the properties of the galaxy distribution (such as Finger-of-God redshift distortions and defects of the density field that are due to the boundaries of the survey).
Improvements in cosmological constraints from breaking growth degeneracy
Authors: Perenon L. , Ilić S. , Maartens R. , de la Cruz-Dombriz A.
Published: August 2020

Context. The key probes of the growth of a large-scale structure are its rate f and amplitude σ8. Redshift space distortions in the galaxy power spectrum allow us to measure only the combination fσ8, which can be used to constrain the standard cosmological model or alternatives. By using measurements of the galaxy-galaxy lensing cross-correlation spectrum or of the galaxy bispectrum, it is possible to break the fσ8 degeneracy and obtain separate estimates of f and σ8 from the same galaxy sample. Currently there are very few such separate measurements, but even this allows for improved constraints on cosmological models.

Aims. We explore how having a larger and more precise sample of such measurements in the future could constrain further cosmological models.

Methods. We considered what can be achieved by a future nominal sample that delivers an ∼1% constraint on f and σ8 separately, compared to the case with a similar precision on the combination fσ8.

Results. For the six cosmological parameters of ΛCDM, we find improvements of ∼5–50% on their constraints. For modified gravity models in the Horndeski class, the improvements on these standard parameters are ∼0–15%. However, the precision on the sum of neutrino masses improves by 65% and there is a significant increase in the precision on the background and perturbation Horndeski parameters.
Flexible rotor optimization design with considering the uncertainty of unbalance distribution
Authors: Jia Shengxi , Zheng Longxi , Mei Qing
Published: August 2020

A flexible rotor optimization design considering the uncertainty of the unbalance is carried out in this paper. Assuming that the magnitude and phase of unbalance obey normal distribution and uniform distribution respectively, the uncertainty can be quantitatively described. The classical 6 Sigma method is used to perform uncertain optimization design of the rotor system considering this uncertainty. The theoretical results are verified by experiments in which 36 sets of unbalance are artificially distributed to the rotor to simulate the uncertainty. In experiment, the amplitude response of the two disks and the acceleration response of the two bearings are decreased by 14%, 21.5%, 37.2% and 46% respectively in terms of standard deviation. It can be concluded that the optimization design considering the uncertainty can reduce the fluctuation of the response and improving the robustness of the results.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen bei der Lebertransplantation – Wo stehen wir?
Authors: Aehling Niklas F. , Seehofer Daniel , Berg Thomas
Published: August 2020

Was ist neu?

Indikation zur Transplantation – aktuelle Entwicklungen Der Wandel in den Indikationen zur Transplantation setzt sich weiter fort, Hauptindikationen werden die Spätfolgen der nichtalkoholischen und alkoholassoziierten Lebererkrankungen und das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) sein. Zirrhosen auf dem Boden von Virushepatitiden spielen zunehmend eine untergeordnete Rolle.

Ist die 6-Monats-Alkoholkarenz eine zwingende Voraussetzung für die Transplantation? Die Richtlinien der Bundesärztekammer fordern grundsätzlich eine Alkoholabstinenzperiode von 6 Monaten. Wissenschaftliche Daten zeigen, dass insbesondere Patienten mit Erstmanifestation einer akuten Alkoholhepatitis, die nicht auf die medikamentöse Therapie anspricht, in besonderer Weise von einer Transplantation profitieren können. Für diese Patienten kann eine individuelle Ausnahme für eine Transplantationslistung beantragt werden.

Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom außerhalb der Mailand-Kriterien – Transplantation nach „Downstaging“ Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass mithilfe effektiver „Downstaging“-Therapien und unter Berücksichtigung des Biomarkers AFP eine Subgruppe von Patienten mit initialem HCC außerhalb der Mailand-Kriterien definiert werden kann, die eine sehr günstige und der von Patienten innerhalb der Mailand-Kriterien vergleichbare postoperative Prognose besitzt.

Zu krank für eine Transplantation? Das akut-auf-chronische Leberversagen (ACLF) Selbst Patienten mit dekompensierter Zirrhose mit Mehrorganversagen, wie es im Rahmen eines ACLF definiert ist, können erfolgreich und mit einer guten Langzeitprognose transplantiert werden. Das Zeitfenster, in welchem dies möglich ist, ist jedoch kurz.

Spenderorganmangel – Verwendung HBV- und HCV-positiver Organe und neue Chancen durch die Maschinenperfusion Die Transplantation von Organen chronisch HCV- und HBV-infizierter Spender stellt durch die exzellenten Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bei diesen viralen Infektionen eine relevante Strategie zur Vergrößerung des Spenderpools dar. Zusätzlich gewinnt die Maschinenperfusion als neuartige Methode der Organkonservierung bzw. der Organaufbereitung an Bedeutung.
Impfen im Alter – Pflicht oder Kür?
Authors: Kwetkat Anja , Endres Anne-Sophie , Leischker Andreas , Heppner Hans Jürgen
Published: August 2020

Aktuelle Entwicklungen Die Wirksamkeit von Impfungen ist durch die Immunseneszenz reduziert. Stärker immunogene Impfstoffe sind daher für Hochbetagte und Multimorbide von besonderer Bedeutung.

Ausblick Die in der Entwicklung befindlichen Impfstoffe – Pneumokokken-, Norovirus-, Clostridium-difficile-, Hepatitis-B-Vakzine – betreffen zum einen Erkrankungen, für die bisher keine Impfungen für Senioren zur Verfügung stehen (z. B. Norovirus-Infektion), zum anderen werden stärker immunogene Vakzine mit einer breiteren Wirksamkeit entwickelt (z. B. Pneumokokken-Vakzine).
Innovationsmanagement diagnostischer Geräte am Beispiel der Detektion zirkulierender Tumorzellen
Authors: Fleßa Steffen , Aichinger Heike , Bratan Tanja
Published: August 2020

Zielsetzung Diagnostik ist eine Grundvoraussetzung für die effektive und effiziente Behandlung komplexer Krankheiten. Dementsprechend ist die Entwicklung innovativer Diagnostiktechnik von der Entwicklung des Verfahrens bis zur Einführung in die Versorgung von großer Bedeutung für die Weiterentwicklung der Medizin. Allerdings wird der komplexe Prozess häufig nicht ganzheitlich gesehen, sodass insbesondere technische und ökonomische Aspekte getrennt betrachtet werden. In dieser Arbeit entwickeln wir ein Modell des Innovationsmanagements von Diagnostiktechnologie mit dem Ziel, den Innovationsprozess im Sinne einer integrativen Entwicklung zu verbessern.

Methodik Der Prozess des Innovationsmanagements von Diagnostiktechnologie von der Produktidee bis zur Marktreife wird als Modell entwickelt, wobei die einzelnen Barrieren und Einflussfaktoren herausgearbeitet werden. Die Erkenntnisse werden anschließend am Beispiel eines Gerätes zur Detektion von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen diskutiert.

Ergebnisse Der Innovationsprozess durchläuft verschiedene Phasen: von der Produktidee, der Entwicklung, der Zulassung, der Entgeltung bis zur Markteinführung. Bislang werden die ersten 3 Phasen überwiegend als technisches Problem angesehen, während die letzten beiden Phasen der Ökonomie vorbehalten sind. Ein effizientes Innovationsmanagement erfordert hingegen den Einsatz betriebswirtschaftlicher und gesundheitsökonomischer Elemente von Anfang an im Sinne einer integrativen Entwicklung.

Schlussfolgerung Es stehen erprobte Instrumente des Innovationsmanagements und der gesundheitsökonomischen Evaluation zur Verfügung, die den Prozess von der Produktidee bis zur Markteinführung effizient und effektiv gestalten lassen. Eine entsprechende Listung der Instrumente ist hilfreich als Anregung für ein professionelles Innovationsmanagement diagnostischer Geräte.
Silibinin Inhibit Cell Migration through Downregulation of RAC1 Gene
Expression in Highly Metastatic Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Lashgarian Hamed Esmaeil , Adamii Vahid , Ghorbanzadeh Vajihe , Chodari Leila , Kamali Fayze , Akbari Soheila , Dariushnejad Hassan
Published: August 2020

Background Triple negative breast cancer is the most invasive breast
cancer subtype and possesses poor prognosis and survival. Rho GTPase famil,
especially Rac1 participates in a number of signaling events in cells with
crucial roles in malignancy, migration and invasion of tumor cells.
Silibinin, a flavonoid antioxidant from milk thistle has attracted attention
in the recent decades for chemoprevention and chemotherapy of tumor cells.
In this study, the effect of silibinin on the migration capacity of
MDA-MB-231 cells, a highly metastatic human breast cancer cell line was
investigated by evaluation of Rac1 expression.

Method MTT wound healing and transwell assays were performed to
evaluate the effects of silibinin on proliferation and migration of
MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, the influence of the silibinin on the
expression of Rac1mRNAs was assessed by RT-PCR.

Results Results indicated significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect
of silibinin on proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. It
significantly inhibited the expression of Rac1 mRNA.

Conclusion In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the silibinin
can be used as an experimental therapeutic for the management of TNBC
metastatic cancer.
„Das ist auch unser Ziel, dass wir diese Patienten in ruhigem Fahrwasser behandeln“ – Palliativversorgung älterer Menschen mit lebensbegrenzenden Erkrankungen in der hausärztlichen Praxis: Eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Freihoff Silke , Tetzlaff Fabian , Schneider Nils , Stiel Stephanie , Müller-Mundt Gabriele
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund Praktische Erfahrungen und Studien untermauern die Relevanz der Palliativversorgung (PV) für ältere Menschen mit lebensbegrenzenden Erkrankungen. Ziel dieser Studie ist, die hausärztliche Versorgung älterer Menschen in der letzten Lebensphase zu untersuchen.

Methodik Als Teil der Ist-Analyse des Interventionsprojekts „Proaktive Palliativversorgung älterer Patienten in der letzten Lebensphase (ProPall, BMBF-01GY1710)“ wurden leitfadenorientierte Interviews mit Hausärzten geführt und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Im Frühjahr/Sommer 2018 wurden 15 Hausärzte aus 12 Praxen in 2 Regionen in Niedersachsen interviewt. Die Interviewanalyse zeigt, dass die Hausärzte eine umfassende Begleitung älterer Patienten als integralen Bestandteil ihrer Tätigkeit ansehen. Sie beschreiben ihre Rolle als Lotse im ,Dickicht der Medizin‘ und Begleiter bis zum Ende. Um ein ,ruhiges Sterben‘ im vertrauten Umfeld zu ermöglichen, ist es den Hausärzten wichtig, Leiden zu lindern, die Versorgung zu koordinieren und neben den Erkrankten auch ihre Angehörigen zu begleiten. Bedarf für PV schreiben die Hausärzte vorrangig Patienten mit Krebserkrankungen sowie im Endstadium nicht maligner chronischer Erkrankungen zu.

Schlussfolgerung Verstärkte Anstrengungen sind erforderlich, um insbesondere bei älteren Menschen mit lebenslimitierenden nicht onkologischen Erkrankungen PV frühzeitiger in die hausärztliche Versorgung zu integrieren.
Metal-Free Catalytic Aromatic C–H Borylation
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wang Li
Published: August 2020

In recent decades, C–H borylation has undergone rapid development and has become one of the most important and efficient methods for the synthesis of organoboron compounds. Although transition-metal catalysis dominates C–H borylation, the metal-free approach has emerged as a promising alternative strategy. This article briefly summarizes the history of metal-free aromatic C–H borylation, including early reports on electrophilic C–H borylation and recent progress in metal-free catalytic intermolecular C–H borylation; it also highlights our recent work on BF3·Et2O-catalyzed C2–H borylation of hetarenes. Despite these recent advances, comprehensive mechanistic studies on various metal-free catalytic aromatic C–H borylations and novel processes with a wider substrate scope are eagerly expected in the near future.
In Vitro Whitening Effect of a Hydroxyapatite-Based Oral Care Gel
Authors: Sarembe Sandra , Enax Joachim , Morawietz Maria , Kiesow Andreas , Meyer Frederic
Published: August 2020

Objective Oral care formulations aim to prevent oral diseases such as dental caries and gingivitis. Additionally, desire for white teeth still exists across all age groups. It is known that most whitening toothpastes are highly abrasive and can be harmful to teeth and gingiva. Therefore, a gel formulation with biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HAP; Ca5[PO4]3[OH]) as active ingredient was developed. This formulation was tested with respect to its tooth whitening properties in an in vitro study.

Materials and Methods Enamel samples were allocated to either group (a) HAP gel, (b) whitening mouth rinse with phosphates, or (c) negative control (distilled water). Test products were applied by finger (a) or were rinsed (b, c) for 1, 3, and 9 (b and c only) cycles, respectively.

Results Color changes (ΔE) were measured spectrophotometrically. Group (a) showed a significant increase in color changes with respect to whitening after one cycle (mean ΔE = 5.4 [±2.66], p ≤ 0.006) and three cycles (mean ΔE = 11.2 [±3.11], p < 0.0001) compared to groups (b) and (c). For group (b), a significant increase in color change was measured after three (mean ΔE = 2.77 [±1.01], p = 0.02) and nine cycles (mean ΔE = 3.27 [±1.61], p = 0.006) compared to (c). Group (c) showed only minor and statistically insignificant color changes.

Conclusion This in vitro study demonstrated a significantly higher ad hoc whitening effect of the HAP gel compared to the mouth rinse and water after short-time application.
Intraamniotic Infection Rates after Intrauterine Pressure Catheter with and without Amnioinfusion
Authors: Mokhtari Neggin , Wang Tiffany , DiSciullo Alison , Iqbal Sara N. , Kawakita Tetsuya
Published: August 2020

Objective This study aimed to examine the rates of intraamniotic infection between intrauterine pressure catheter with amnioinfusion and intrauterine pressure catheter alone.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of all women who had an intrauterine pressure catheter placement during labor at a tertiary referral hospital from January 2016 to June 2018. Outcomes were compared between women who had an intrauterine pressure catheter with amnioinfusion and intrauterine pressure catheter placement alone. The primary outcome was the rate of intraamniotic infection. Secondary outcomes included postpartum endometritis, postpartum hemorrhage (blood loss of ≥1,000 mL), quantitative blood loss (mL), and cesarean delivery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), controlling for age, race, body mass index, gestational age, and length of time of rupture of membranes.

Results Of 1,268 women with an intrauterine pressure catheter, 298 (23.5%) also had an amnioinfusion. Women who had amnioinfusion through an intrauterine pressure catheter compared with those who had intrauterine pressure catheter alone had similar rates of intraamniotic infection (5.4 vs. 8.0%, crude p = 0.12, aOR 0.69; 95% CI 0.39–1.21), as well as secondary outcomes such as postpartum endometritis (3.0 vs. 2.5%, crude p = 0.61, aOR 1.12; 95% CI 0.49–2.53), postpartum hemorrhage (16.1 vs. 15.8%, crude p = 0.89, aOR 1.07; 95% CI 0.75–1.54), blood loss (479.5 vs. 500 mL, adjusted p = 0.89), and cesarean delivery (40.6 vs. 43.1%, crude p = 0.45, aOR 0.90; 95% CI 0.68–1.19).

Conclusion Amnioinfusion was not associated with increased odds of intraamniotic infection compared with intrauterine pressure catheter placement alone.

Key Points
An intimate dialog between race and gender at Women’s Suffrage Centennial
Authors: Yang Mimi
Published: August 2020

Women’s Suffrage Centennial has arrived in a culturally divisive time in the United States as well as in a high-stakes presidential election year. All this is accompanied with the emergence of Black Lives Matter movement on a global-scale in the wake of the African American man George Floyd’s death under the knees of white police officers. In an “I cannot breathe” America at a new cultural awakening moment, is the Centennial a divider or unifier for American women in 2020? This article aims to answer the question by revisiting the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution and iconic figures like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Frederick Douglass, W.E.B. DuBois, and Mary Church Terrell. In an interdisciplinary approach anchored in both historical and cultural studies, the article scrutinizes the split between the two visceral elements pertinent to cultural identity—gender and race—in Women’s Suffrage Movement, draws a pattern of their intersection, and maps out a “double consciousness” (to borrow W.E.B. DuBois’ term). The article argues that the women’s suffrage movement was indeed a gigantic step towards the American ideal of gender equality but it fell short of racial equality. There is a mixed legacy to embrace and to reevaluate at the same time. Therefore, Women’s Suffrage Centennial should not and cannot be a single-issue gender celebration, nor a one-size-fits-all symphony, but a landmark occasion for an intimate and nuanced dialog between gender and race. The article suggests that the Centennial should not only celebrate white American suffragists, but should be an opportunity to make a historic step to cross the color line that has cutoff African American women, as well as women of color from other races, ethnicities, and heritages from the power center.
Excess noise in AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs based quantum rings
Authors: Riha Christian , Buchholz Sven S. , Chiatti Olivio , Wieck Andreas D. , Reuter Dirk , Fischer Saskia F.
Published: August 2020

Cross-correlated noise measurements are performed in etched AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs based quantum rings in equilibrium at a bath temperature of Tbath=4.2 K. The measured white noise exceeds the thermal (Johnson–Nyquist) noise expected from the measured electron temperature Te and the electrical resistance R. This excess part of the white noise decreases as Tbath increases and vanishes for Tbath≥12 K. Excess noise is neither observed if one arm of a quantum ring is depleted of electrons nor in one-dimensional-constrictions that have a length and width comparable to the quantum rings. A model is presented that suggests that the excess noise originates from the correlation of noise sources, mediated by phase-coherent propagation of electrons.
Application of principal component analysis method for micro-resonator weak resonant signal detection
Authors: Shi Huichao , Kang Xirui , Niu Li , Meng Tao , Fan Shangchun
Published: August 2020

The characteristic of weak resonant signal output by an electrothermally excited microresonator is analyzed, and the principal component analysis (PCA) method is proposed and applied in the resonant frequency detection of the output weak signal by separating the noises. Simulation on weak resonant signals under different levels of noises and different quality factors of the resonator was conducted after the influence of the data selection window width and the principal component number on detection results was analyzed. Finally, the experiment platform was built, and the output signal of the sensor sample was used to verify the detection effect of the proposed PCA method. Simulation and experiment results show that the proposed PCA method could accurately obtain the resonant frequency compared with the resonant frequency obtained by the smoothing filter and Lorentzian fitting method.
Resonant-type inertia linear piezoelectric motor based on a synchronized switching stimulated by harmonic synthesized mechanical square wave
Authors: He Liangguo , Cheng Ziyang , Xu Lei , Li Xinyu , Ge Xinfang , Chen Jian , Han Jiang
Published: August 2020

A novel resonant linear piezoelectric motor based on a synchronized switching stimulated by harmonic synthesized mechanical square wave was designed in this study. The driving mechanism of the motor was also investigated. The periodic square wave motions of the clutch and the vibrator were generated by composing two sinusoidal resonant bending vibrations with a frequency ratio of 1:3. The linear motion of the motor output shaft can be realized through the cooperation between the clutch and the vibrator. An experimental device was established to validate the working principle and evaluate the performance of the motor. The prototype motor reached the maximum no-load velocity of 16.35 mm/s with a clutch driving voltage of 200 Vp–p and a vibrator driving voltage of 240 Vp–p for a base frequency of 809 Hz. The maximum traction force of 5.64 N was obtained under the clutch driving voltage of 200 Vp–p and the vibrator driving voltage of 160 Vp–p for a base frequency of 809 Hz. The motor achieved a net efficiency of 21.43% with a load of 2.25 N.
Parameter extraction of photovoltaic single-diode model using integrated current–voltage error criterion
Authors: Su Jialei , Zhang Yunpeng , Zhang Chen , Gu Tingkun , Yang Ming
Published: August 2020

An error criterion is essential in the process of parameter extraction of photovoltaic (PV) modules by fitting I–V curves, which exerts a huge influence on the accuracy of the extracted parameters. This paper proposes a new integrated current–voltage error criterion, named EC-I&V(x), which takes into account the intrinsic I–V properties of the PV module. The deviation in both current and voltage is considered by combining the mean squared error of the current and voltage in different data regions. Four optimization methods are used to validate the proposed error criterion, including guaranteed convergence particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, shuffled complex evolution, and an artificial bee colony algorithm. Different methods with the proposed error criterion are applied to synthetic I–V curves with variable error levels and measured I–V data under different operating conditions. Comparing with the traditional current based error criterion, more accurate results are obtained by using the proposed EC-I&V(x) at different error levels for different optimization methods. The proposed EC-I&V(x) not only improves the accuracy of each extracted parameter but also improves the accuracy of the estimated I–V property near maximum power points.
Neutron radiation effects on an electronic system on module
Authors: Lo Presti Domenico , Medina Nilberto H. , Guazzelli Marcilei A. , Moralles Mauricio , Aguiar Vitor A. P. , Oliveira José R. B. , Added Nemitala , Macchione Eduardo L. A. , Siqueira Paulo de Tarso D. , Zahn Guilherme , Genezini Frederico , Bonanno Danilo , Gallo Giuseppe , Russo Salvatore , Sgouros Onoufrios , Muoio Annamaria , Pandola Luciano , Cappuzzello Francesco ,   NUMENCollaboration
Published: August 2020

The NUMEN (NUclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless double beta decay) project was recently proposed with the aim to investigate the nuclear response to Double Charge Exchange reactions for all the isotopes explored by present and future studies of 0νββ decay. The expected level of radiation in the NUMEN experiment imposes severe limitations on the average lifetime of the electronic devices. During the experiments, it is expected that the electronic devices will be exposed to about 105 neutrons/cm2/s according to FLUKA simulations. This paper investigates the reliability of a System On Module (SOM) under neutron radiation. The tests were performed using thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons produced by the Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares 4.5 MW Nuclear Research Reactor. The results show that the National Instruments SOM is robust to neutron radiation for the proposed applications in the NUMEN project.
Etching process of narrow wire and application to tunable-barrier electron pump
Authors: Norimoto Shota , Iwakiri Shuichi , Yokoi Masahiko , Arakawa Tomonori , Niimi Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Kensuke
Published: August 2020

Single electron sources have been studied as a device to establish an electric current standard for 30 years and recently as an on-demand coherent source for fermion quantum optics. In order to construct the single electron source on a GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), it is often necessary to fabricate a sub-micrometer wire by etching. We have established techniques to fabricate the wire made of the fragile 2DEG by combining photolithography and electron beam lithography with one-step photoresist coating, which enables us to etch fine and coarse structures simultaneously. It has been demonstrated that the fabricated single electron source pumps a fixed number of electrons per cycle with radio frequency. The fabrication technique improves the lithography process with lower risk of damage to the 2DEG.
A computational exploration of aggregation-induced excitonic quenching mechanisms for perylene diimide chromophores
Authors: Meftahi Nastaran , Manian Anjay , Christofferson Andrew J. , Lyskov Igor , Russo Salvy P.
Published: August 2020

Perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives are widely used materials for luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) applications due to their attractive optical and electronic properties. In this work, we study aggregation-induced exciton quenching pathways in four PDI derivatives with increasing steric bulk, which were previously synthesized. We combine molecular dynamics and quantum chemical methods to simulate the aggregation behavior of chromophores at low concentration and compute their excited state properties. We found that PDIs with small steric bulk are prone to aggregate in a solid state matrix, while those with large steric volume displayed greater tendencies to isolate themselves. We find that for the aggregation class of PDI dimers, the optically accessible excitations are in close energetic proximity to triplet charge transfer (CT) states, thus facilitating inter-system crossing and reducing overall LSC performance. While direct singlet fission pathways appear endothermic, evidence is found for the facilitation of a singlet fission pathway via intermediate CT states. Conversely, the insulation class of PDI does not suffer from aggregation-induced photoluminescence quenching at the concentrations studied here and therefore display high photon output. These findings should aid in the choice of PDI derivatives for various solar applications and suggest further avenues for functionalization and study.
Inertial migration of spherical particles in channel flow of power law fluids
Authors: Chrit Fatima Ezahra , Bowie Samuel , Alexeev Alexander
Published: August 2020

The cross-stream inertial migration of neutrally buoyant particles in a power law fluid in a pressure-driven flow between two parallel walls is studied using three-dimensional numerical simulations. The particles are modeled as rigid and compliant spherical shells filled with a Newtonian fluid. Our simulations show that the particles in the flow equilibrate at stable off-center positions that depend on the particle size and fluid power exponent. In a shear thickening fluid, the equilibrium position is insensitive to the particle size. In a shear thinning fluid, an additional unstable off-center equilibrium position emerges for smaller particles, which leads to the accumulation of such particles at the channel centerline. We find that these equilibrium positions are insensitive to the magnitude of the channel Reynolds number and particle elasticity. The results of our study have applications to sorting, focusing, and separation of synthetic particles and biological cells.
Reactive fragment materials made from an aluminum–silicon eutectic powder
Authors: Wang Stanley , Kline Jacob , Miles Benjamin , Hooper Joseph P.
Published: August 2020

We explore the use of an aluminum–silicon eutectic powder to produce reactive materials that fragment and combust following high-velocity impact. Unlike the pure aluminum powders traditionally used in these materials, the eutectic sinters readily and has a reduced melting point. This allows the tensile strength/ductility and fracture toughness to be tuned with partial sintering; increases in these properties, however, generally result in a reduction in combustion energy release on impact. Three heat treatments were studied for isostatically compressed aluminum–silicon materials, and two baseline pure aluminum materials using fine and coarse powders were also fabricated for comparison. Mechanical measurements and impact calorimetry tests showed that partial sintering at the nominal melting point increases tensile strength and toughness by approximately 350% but does reduce combustion energy output; however, the reduction is only prominent above 1300 m/s for the conditions studied here. Below this point, the partially sintered Al–Si has similar impact-induced combustion as an extremely brittle, unannealed pressed Al powder. Pure aluminum and alloy materials with similar mechanical properties and starting particle size show comparable combustion energy release, suggesting that powder size and fragmentation properties are more important than the variation in melt point.