bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicação intra-mamária de curcumina em ovelhas com mastite subclínica e ovelhas saudáveis: efeito sobre produção e qualidade do leite
Authors: Cécere Bruno Giorgio de Oliveira , Deolindo Guilherme Luiz , Molosse Vitor Luiz , Girardini Lilian Kolling , Vedovatto Marcelo , Silva Aleksandro Schafer da
Published: November 2021

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação intra-mamária de curcumina em ovelhas com mastite subclínica e ovelhas saudáveis sobre produção de leite, qualidade do leite e saúde de ovelhas. Para isso foi realizado dois experimentos: Experimento I: 10 ovelhas com mastite subclínica crônica foram divididas em dois grupos de cinco ovelhas cada: a) controle, foi aplicado 3 mL de óleo mineral via intra-mamária; b) curcumina, aplicado 2 mg de curcumina diluída em óleo mineral via intra-mamária. Houve efeito do tratamento, isto é, ovelhas que receberam a aplicação de curcumina tiveram maior produção de leite. Houve o efeito do tratamento para percentagem de proteína no leite, assim como tendencia de efeito do tratamento para lactose e solidos totais; com destaque para menores níveis de proteína, lactose e sólidos não gordurosos nas ovelhas do grupo curcumina comparado ao controle. Verificamos uma interação entre tratamento versus dia para proteína no leite nos dias 7 e 14 após aplicação; menor no grupo curcumina. Efeito do dia foi verificado para contagem de eritrócitos e leucócitos, assim como a concentrações de hemoglobina em ambos os grupos. Para o experimento II usamos 80 ovelhas divididas em 4 grupos: controle, T2, T3 e T4 (2, 3 e 4 mg de curcumina diluída em óleo mineral via intra-mamaria, respectivamente). Efeito do dia foi observado para o grupo T2, isto é, houve um aumento na produção de leite do dia 1 para 20. A contagem de células somáticas (CCS) sofreu efeito do tratamento, dia e interação entre tratamento versus dia. O maior CCS foi observado no grupo T4. Do grupo de ovelhas, 17 tiveram problemas na glândula mamaria após a aplicação dos quatro tratamentos, sendo que cinco ovelhas desenvolveram uma grave mastite ambiental e morreram; e os demais animais também testaram positivos para mastite subclínica no teste da raquete (Califórnia Mastite Teste). De modo geral, o uso da curcumina via intra-mamaria nas doses testadas não tem efeito curativo, assim como quando usado em ovelhas saudáveis causa efeito negativo, afetando a qualidade do leite (elevou CCS). Além disso, a aplicação de produtos intra-mamários (óleo mineral ou óleo + curcumina) são um risco elevado para o animal; portanto, não recomendamos.
O uso e ocupação do solo em projetos de mobilidade urbana: uma análise de soluções mitigadoras dos impactos construtivos
Authors: Macedo Júnior Olavo Lima , Sousa José Levi Chaves de , Batista José de Carlos , Aquino Francisco Kelson Melo de , Barcelos Priscilla Frota
Published: November 2021

Historicamente, o Brasil tem privilegiado o modal de transporte rodoviário em consequência de políticas adotadas principalmente durante o século XX, que desenvolveu e estimulou o uso de transporte motorizado e privado, sendo isso, um dos pilares para o desenvolvimento de problemas com mobilidade urbana. Outro pilar que agrava esse problema é o processo que as cidades foram se desenvolvendo. Com êxodos rurais, o processo de favelização foi intensificado e a carência de políticas públicas para desenvolver infraestrutura adequada à essa parcela da população, trouxe o agravamento dos problemas locomotivos atuais no Brasil. As cidades brasileiras possuem bairros periféricos amplamente dependentes das regiões centrais, gerando grandes deslocamentos e consequentemente, dificuldades para adaptar todo esse transbordo em vias limitadas com estrutura insuficiente para a demanda. Como solução mais econômica para isso, o zoneamento misto deve ser aplicado utilizando conceito de fachada ativa nessas regiões dependentes do centro urbano. Com essa aplicação, reduziria a parcela da população que necessitaria de serviços e comércios em regiões distantes, consequentemente, reduzindo problemas de deslocamento urbano. Além de promover um desafogo aos problemas de mobilidade, o zoneamento misto é financeiramente uma solução mais viável em relação a obras de infraestrutura na malha viária urbana e construção de novos modais de transportes, podendo ser utilizado em todos os centros urbanos, independentemente do tamanho populacional.
Alterações biopsicossociais decorrentes do isolamento social provocado pela pandemia da COVID-19 em alunos de Odontologia da Universidade de Pernambuco do campus Camaragibe: um estudo piloto
Authors: Avelino Maria Eduarda Lemos , Cardoso Maria do Socorro Orestes , Milhomens Filho José Afonso , Travassos Rosana Maria Coelho , Avelino Maria Raquel Melo de Miranda , Medeiros Nathalia Melo de , Arruda Laura do Nascimento , Lobo Natália Gusmão
Published: November 2021

Considerando-se a situação atual mundial, marcada por importantes crises na saúde pública e, mais recentemente, a pandemia causada pela COVID-19, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as alterações biopsicossociais decorrentes do isolamento social provocado pela Pandemia em estudantes de Odontologia da Universidade de Pernambuco. No que se refere a metodologia tratou-se de um levantamento de campo (survey) de análise quantitativa, de corte transversal e descritivo. A amostra foi constituída de um universo de 379 alunos dos quais 106 participaram do estudo. A coleta foi realizada em um período de 72 horas, em junho de 2021, onde os alunos responderam um questionário on-line desenvolvido por meio da plataforma Google Forms contendo perguntas fechadas e abertas sobre dados sociodemográficos, bem como aspectos relacionados a alterações físicas e psicossociais. Os resultados sugerem que na amostra pesquisada o isolamento social teve repercussões na rotina diária, muitos relataram problemas de concentração, alterações de sono, sentimento de medo, preocupação e tristeza. Concluiu-se que a maioria dos pesquisados foi do gênero feminino, a faixa etária prevalente foi de 18 a 24 anos, moram com mais 2 ou 4 pessoas em seus domicílios, são solteiros e relataram terem tido perdas financeiras com a pandemia. Entre as principais questões psicossociais destacaram-se: baixo rendimento nas atividades diárias; modificações da rotina; falta de concentração; alterações de sono, transtornos psicológicos e medo.
Inhibitory Effect of (-)-myrtenol alone and in combination with antifungal agents on Candida spp.
Authors: Cavalcanti Bruno Bezerra , Diniz Neto Hermes , Silva-Rocha Walicyranison Plinio da , Lima Edeltrudes de Oliveira , Barbosa Filho José Maria , Castro Ricardo Dias de , Sampaio Fabio Correia , Guerra Felipe Queiroga Sarmento
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of (-)-myrtenol alone and combined with antifungal agents against Candida spp. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration of (-)-myrtenol and fluconazole against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis strains was obtained using CLSI guidelines. Combination of (-)-myrtenol with antifungal drugs was determined by checkboard test. The (-) myrtenol showed MIC ranging from 256 to 512 µg/mL against both species assay. And the MFC was 512 µg/mL, demonstrated nature fungicidal (MFC/MIC < 4). In addition, combination of antifungal agents (amphotericin B and fluconazole) and (-) myrtenol showed synergistic and additive effects on strains assays. Based on these results, the present study demonstrates that (-) myrtenol showed strong fungicide activity against Candida spp. In addition, Combination of antifungal agents and (-) myrtenol reduces the effective concentrations of both the agents with synergistic to additive effects. Therefore, (-) myrtenol has potential to be developed into an antifungal agent.
Prevalência de periodontite apical e tratamento endodôntico em dois distúrbios de coagulação
Authors: Andrade Rosana Helena Teixeira de Lima Ribeiro , Encarnação Vitor Mendes da , Dantas Denise Gonçalves Pinho , Brasil Sabrina Castro , Mendes Vera Lúcia Duarte da Costa , Silva Adriana Menucci B. da , Ferreira Dennis de Carvalho , Pires Fabio Ramôa , Gonçalves Lúcio Souza , Armada Luciana
Published: November 2021

Os distúrbios de coagulação, como hemofilia e doença de Von Willebrand, são caracterizados por mudanças nas respostas inflamatórias e na reparação de tecidos. As respostas inflamatórias podem estar envolvidas na destruição do osso perirradicular e / ou interferir nos mecanismos de reparo após tratamento endodôntico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de periodontite apical (PA) e tratamento endodôntico em diferentes distúrbios da coagulação. Radiografias panorâmicas (106 do grupo de estudo e 106 do controle) foram examinadas para a presença de lesões perirradiculares em dentes não tratados e tratados endodonticamente. O número de dentes e a prevalência de tratamentos endodônticos também foram registrados. Dois endodontistas avaliaram todos os itens separadamente. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio do programa Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), versão 21.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, EUA) e o nível de significância estatística foi estabelecido em 5% (p <0,05). A prevalência de PA não foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos (p = 0,574). No entanto, as análises comparativas revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas em variáveis ​​como presença de tratamento endodôntico (p = 0,007), preenchimento adequado (p = 0,014), tratamento endodôntico com PA (p <0,0001) e presença de PA em dentes bem obturados e restaurados (p = 0,003). Os distúrbios da coagulação não influenciaram na manifestação da PA, porém afetaram as respostas inflamatórias e os mecanismos de reparo tecidual.
O processo de ressocialização de ex-detentas participantes de projetos sociais no Brasil
Authors: Carneiro Maria Luisa Iannuzzi , Santos Vitoria Millena Marques dos , Souza Júlio César Pinto de
Published: November 2021

A partir de uma leitura inicial, pode-se inferir que ex-detentas têm melhores oportunidades a partir de Projetos Sociais de Ressocialização, podendo trazer ainda mais benefícios quando se tem a atuação de um psicólogo, tanto para a para revitalização da humanização dessas mulheres, como no levantamento de informações pertinentes, para que essas ex-detentas tenham melhores condições de vida fora das penitenciarias, através de psicoterapias e na ajuda do desenvolvimento de palestras pertinentes ao público-alvo. Por este fato, o presente estudo tem por objetivo discutir o trabalho de ressocialização com mulheres egressas de penitenciárias realizados através de projetos sociais brasileiros. A pesquisa tem um procedimento bibliográfico e abordagem qualitativa. O levantamento dos dados foi realizado nas plataformas Pepsic, Scielo, Sites Institucionais, além dos Sites do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Conselho Regional de Psicologia de São Paulo; Resoluções extraídas do Tribunal de Justiça do Amazonas, além de materiais colhidos na biblioteca do Centro Universitário FAMETRO. Por este fato, o presente estudo tem por objetivo levantar reflexões sobre o que é a ressocialização, além de discorrer sobre o mercado de trabalho e o preconceito social sofrido por essas mulheres enquanto ex-detentas, mostrando a importância de projetos sociais brasileiros de ressocialização, o papel do psicólogo e sua importância nesses projetos sociais. Por este fato, os resultados levantados foram que pelo fato dessas mulheres receberem o apoio, a assistência que necessitam, além de receberem oportunidades que talvez não pudessem encontrar de outra maneira, como os cursos disponibilizados, estes projetos ajudam, de certa forma, estas a conseguirem voltar a ter uma vida digna. Portanto, se faz a importância da discussão de outros temas, como a importância dos projetos sociais com mulheres ainda em cárcere e o levantamento estatístico dos benefícios que os Projetos Sociais podem trazer.
Desafios do farmacêutico no atendimento a pacientes contaminados pela COVID-19 em drogarias
Authors: Santos Renato Lima dos , Silva Ricardo Nunes da , Marquez Carolinne de Oliveira
Published: November 2021

A COVID-19 é ocasionada pelo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, que gera infecção respiratória, foi descoberto em dezembro de 2019 na cidade de Wuhan na China. Em fevereiro de 2020, o Brasil teve a primeira ligação com o vírus e após esse contato iniciou – se uma mudança na rotina da população, foram adotadas medidas de higiene e mudanças de hábitos para evitar a proliferação da COVID–19 em nosso país. As drogarias tiveram que se adequar as normas de segurança para receber esses enfermos pois o farmacêutico e sua equipe de trabalho estavam na linha de frente e deveriam se proteger da contaminação. O estudo objetiva mostrar os desafios do farmacêutico no atendimento a pacientes contaminados pela COVID. Trata – se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura onde foram consultadas bases de dados Google Acadêmico e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde utilizando os seguintes descritores: COVID; drogarias; farmacêuticos. Essas análises foram feitas no período de 2016 à 2021 consultando dissertações, teses e trabalhos de conclusão de curso. A maioria dos artigos foi publicada no ano de 2020. Conclui-se que os farmacêuticos devem realizar nas drogarias medidas preventivas para proteção da sua equipe e população diante desse vírus invisível.
Intervenções de enfermagem para prevenção e manejo das intercorrências durante a diálise
Authors: Almeida Aline Lima de , Silva Irene Arêa Soares da , Araújo Raquel Vilanova
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Descrever e analisar as intervenções de enfermagem prescritas para prevenção e manejo das intercorrências durante a hemodiálise. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 2021. Adotou-se a questão norteadora: “Quais as intervenções de enfermagem prescritas para prevenção e manejo das intercorrências durante a hemodiálise”. Os artigos foram coletados nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (lilacs), Base de dados em enfermagem (Bdenf), Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica (Medline), via biblioteca virtual de saúde e na base de dados da Scientific Eletronic Library (Scielo). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 10 artigos. Verificou-se que as intervenções mais frequentes foram relacionadas as orientações acerca  da doença e tratamento, cuidados com o acesso, incentivo ao autocuidado, cuidado com alimentação e pratica de atividade física, manutenção  do equilíbrio hídrico, prevenção de complicações como infecções, sangramentos, contaminações e obstruções do acesso. Conclusão: percebe-se que o enfermeiro tem um papel fundamental na elaboração das intervenções para prevenção e manejo das intercorrências durante a hemodiálise.
A percepção das puérperas aos cuidados prestados pela equipe de enfermagem quanto ao seu puerpério
Authors: Silva Karine Lopes da , Mourão Iracema Sousa Santos , Lima Junior Francisco Alves , Medeiros Felype Hanns Alves de , Tourinho Erika Ferreira , Queiroz Patricia dos Santos Silva
Published: November 2021

Introdução: O período puerperal constitui-se em um momento de fragilidade, demandando dos profissionais de saúde uma atenção qualificada e holística, focada no contexto sociocultural, familiar e na avaliação dos cuidados ao trinômio mãe-criança-família. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção da puérpera aos cuidados prestados por equipe de Estratégia Saúde da Família quanto ao seu puerpério em uma cidade do interior do Maranhão. Metodologia: Esse estudo é do tipo exploratório, com uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa. A coleta de dados aconteceu no período de agosto de 2021. Resultados: Observou-se que existe uma lacuna no conhecimento das puérperas em quanto ao seu puerpério pela equipe de saúde como todo, notando-se que o enfoque dos profissionais de saúde é no recém-nascido, esquecendo-se da mulher em seu estado biopsicossocial. Conclusões: Conclui-se que a relação entre o profissional enfermeiro e as puérperas está baseada em três pilares, capacidade resolutiva, aptidão para o ensino e contato humanizado, sendo estes fundamentais para uma melhor promoção e prevenção de saúde.
Stereotyping Halal Food and Eating Halal Food in a South Korean Context
Authors: Yasar Nur H
Published: November 2021

The paper seeks to consider the confusion around what “Halal Food” is and what “Eating Halal Food” means in South Korea; and how it causes stereotyping of halal food and Muslim foodways in a South Korean context. The findings of this paper are obtained from ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews with South Koreans and Muslim minorities living in South Korea. Findings from the ethnographic research show that halal food and foodways are stereotyped not only when it comes to misidentifying halal food concepts, but also halal food consumed by Muslims is linked to existing notions about Islam and Muslims in South Korean society.
РОЗВИТОК ДИВЕРСІЙНОЇ БОРОТЬБИ У ХХ СТОРІЧЧІ ТА ЇЇ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Бокачов Сергій Вікторович , Мокоївець Валерій Ілліч , Федоров Олександр Юрійович
Published: November 2021

Аналізуються воєнно-історичні аспекти виникнення і розвитку теорії та практики ведення диверсійної боротьби в ході світових війн різних історичних етапів. Акцентується увага на диверсійній діяльності, розгорнутій Російською Федерацією під час підготовки та у ході здійснення агресії проти України. Зазначається небезпека диверсійної діяльності противника: навіть поодинокий диверсійний акт може завдати серйозної шкоди економіці держави, порушити ритмічність роботи окремої галузі народного господарства або сповільнити темпи розбудови економіки країни в цілому, завдати моральної шкоди насе­ленню країни. Воєнна наука має постійно вивчати та оперативно реагувати на зміни особливостей ведення бойових дій в сучасній та у майбутній війні, всебічно аналізувати зміни, які відбуваються в умовах ведення збройної боротьби та враховувати чинники, які на них впливають, а також перспективні тенденцій розвитку воєнної науки. Виходячи з оцінювання тенденцій розвитку способів ведення війни можна стверджувати, що диверсійні дії будуть і надалі відігравати значну роль у способах ведення збройної боротьби усіма протидіючими сторо­нами. Зазначається, що протидія їм вимагає завчасного опрацювання питань організації і ведення диверсійної боротьби, обліку та вивчення усіх даних, які стосуються дій противника, відповідного планування, грамотного визначення задач і раціонального розподілу їх між силами і засобами, які залучаються. Не менш важливим є питання наявності в секторі оборони і безпеки держави необхідних військових формувань, укомплектованих навченим особовим складом і необхідними зразками озброєння, військової і спеціальної техніки, які б за­безпечили якісне виконання визначених для них спеціальних та специфічних завдань.
The impact of cybercrime on the digital economy
Authors: Burov Oleksandr
Published: November 2021

Keywords: human capital, remote work, cybersecurity, hybrid workforce, digitaleconomics

The article considersfactors of cyber hazards for the world economic system that appeared during the pandemicCOVID-19, as well as transition of the economy to the «new normal», in the contextof digitalization in the following aspects: digitalization and new working conditions,use of hybrid work, biological pandemic and cyber-pandemic and their influence onchanges in the economy, factors of cyber threats to business. It is highlighted that thepandemic and the abrupt transition to the use of remote forms of work have become extraordinaryevents in the world over the past two years. The objective precondition forsuch a change in the socio-economic and military features was the reorientation of theworld's leading economies (primarily the United States and China) to the powerful digitalizationof all spheres of human life and, above all, the creation of new technologies. Itis noted that China invests more than other countries (including the United States) inadvanced technology and training of highly qualified specialists, especially with a doctordegree that requires a high level of digital technology and appropriate literacy, and provideseffective adaptation to any working conditions including hybrid.The emergence of a hybrid working ecosystem and hybrid workforce is analysed, aswell as their advantages and disadvantages are substantiated. It is noted that the digitaleconomy has several new aspects compared to the traditional one. The emergence of hybridwork, the corresponding changes in the emergence of hybrid workforce and in the organizationof production management are the most dynamic components of change.However, even faster changes are taking place in the security of business, more precisely— in the growth of its vulnerability due to the rapid development of cyber threats inthe digital environment, which the economy has only begun to actively master, but hasnot yet created the necessary system of self-defence. Remote form of work has given riseto new forms of business — the creation and use of cyber threats. The emergence of acyber-pandemic as a result of rapid digitization due to the COVID-19 pandemic and thetransition of labour to remote form is analysed. The most important factors of cybersecurityfor the successful operation of companies are highlighted.
Ukrainian experience in implementation of the flexible provisions of the TRIPS Agreement in the context of European integration and the pandemic
Authors: Kashyntseva Oksana , Iolkin Yaroslav
Published: November 2021

Keywords: intellectual property, human rights, patients' rights, pharmaceutical nationalism,protectionism, vaccines, generics, COVID-19

The article concerns the analysis of global trends in theparadigm of intellectual property rights on the objects used in the diagnosis, preventionand treatment of COVID-19. The experience of the implementation of pharmaceuticalnationalism policies provided by the EU, Canada and Israel are presented in the article.The authors provide the legal backgrounds of the need for Ukraine to be a co-sponsor ofthe IP waivers proposals, which are submitted to the TRIPS Council by some membersof the WTO. The authors stress the need for Ukraine to use the historic opportunity forthe development of the national pharmaceutical industry, which would contribute tothe interests of the domestic patient, and make proposals for the necessary changes tonational legislation.The authors also stressed the position of the governments of Germany and France.Thus, in Germany there is the Law on Governmental Use of Patented Inventions duringa Pandemic. The law provides, inter alia, for amendments to the Patent Law, accordingto which the Federal Ministry of Health has the right to authorize the use of relevantpatents to ensure the production and supply of pharmaceuticals or medical devices.In 2020, France adopted the Emergency Law № 2020-290 to combat theCOVID-19 epidemic, which introduced Article 3131 15 of the French Public HealthCode. This rule authorizes the Prime Minister to issue orders to recover or seize allgoods and services necessary to combat the disaster, to temporarily control the price ofproducts and, if necessary, to take any measures to ensure that patients are providedwith appropriate drugs to deal with the disaster, related to health. It is useful forUkraine to use the experience of Canada in terms of facilitating negotiations with majorvaccine manufacturers to establish national drug production and in terms of developinglegislation in the field of compulsory licensing.It is obviously, voluntary licences from patent owners, which provide for the fulltransfer of technology, and not just patent disclosure, are the most effective tool for thenational production of biosimilars. However, international experience shows that pharmaceuticalcompanies are holding back the issuance of compulsory licences. Therefore,our government's biosecurity portfolio should include an effective tool for compulsory licensingor emergency use of biosimilars and generic drugs by the Government.
Legal education on intellectual property
Authors: Chomakhashvili Olena
Published: November 2021

Keywords: legal education, legal values, intellectual property law, invention

The article focuseson a comprehensive study of the concept and importance of legal education on intellectualproperty. Particular attention is paid to the social importance and significanceof the entire sphere of intellectual property and is considered as a legal value. Theauthor attempts to determine the relationship between the level and popularity of inventionand general culture in the field of intellectual property. The stages and methodsof obtaining knowledge on the basics of the intellectual property are considered.The problematic issues concerning the necessary measures in the field of educationon intellectual property issues are analysed. The concept of educational measuresis described in detail, which is aimed at intensifying the understanding of Ukrainiansociety of the need for legal application of intellectual property rights. Proposals weremade to increase educational activities on intellectual property issues and awarenessof their value to society.

The purpose of the article is to study the general structure of legal education and tooutline the place of intellectual property law in the general system of legal education.Find out the essence and importance of legal education on intellectual property issues.In order to achieve the goal, we formulate the task: to consider the structure of legaleducation; formulate arguments in favour of studying the field of intellectual propertyand propose measures to promote intellectual property and inventive activity.The article is devoted to the study of education in the field of intellectual propertylaw, the essence of which is personal non-property rights of intellectual property andproperty rights of intellectual property.The basis for innovative economic development is the widespread introduction ofintellectual property. For this, highly qualified specialists are needed. The importanceof constant training of specialists in the field of intellectual property and supportof invention is substantiated.A new concept of training specialists in intellectual property is considered, accordingto which the master's program in the complex covers three areas: technical expertise ofintellectual property, the economy of intellectual property and the law of intellectualproperty. This activity is focused on the formation of the necessary level of knowledgeand education of respect for intellectual work and its results, which are embodied in intellectualproperty, as well as informing the public about possible losses and existingthreats to the well-being and health of people that contain counterfeit and pirated goods.The place of education on intellectual property in the system of general and highereducation has been determined. The general characteristics of educational levels inthe field of intellectual property is outlined.
Airway Basal Cells, Protectors of Epithelial Walls in Health and Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Ruysseveldt Emma , Martens Katleen , Steelant Brecht
Published: November 2021

The airway epithelium provides a critical barrier to the outside environment. When its integrity is impaired, epithelial cells and residing immune cells collaborate to exclude pathogens and to heal tissue damage. Healing is achieved through tissue-specific stem cells: the airway basal cells. Positioned near the basal membrane, airway basal cells sense and respond to changes in tissue health by initiating a pro-inflammatory response and tissue repair via complex crosstalks with nearby fibroblasts and specialized immune cells. In addition, basal cells have the capacity to learn from previous encounters with the environment. Inflammation can indeed imprint a certain memory on basal cells by epigenetic changes so that sensitized tissues may respond differently to future assaults and the epithelium becomes better equipped to respond faster and more robustly to barrier defects. This memory can, however, be lost in diseased states. In this review, we discuss airway basal cells in respiratory diseases, the communication network between airway basal cells and tissue-resident and/or recruited immune cells, and how basal cell adaptation to environmental triggers occurs.
Advanced Data Analysis for Fluorescence-Lifetime Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Thiele Jan Christoph , Nevskyi Oleksii , Helmerich Dominic A. , Sauer Markus , Enderlein Jörg
Published: November 2021

Fluorescence-lifetime single molecule localization microscopy (FL-SMLM) adds the lifetime dimension to the spatial super-resolution provided by SMLM. Independent of intensity and spectrum, this lifetime information can be used, for example, to quantify the energy transfer efficiency in Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) imaging, to probe the local environment with dyes that change their lifetime in an environment-sensitive manner, or to achieve image multiplexing by using dyes with different lifetimes. We present a thorough theoretical analysis of fluorescence-lifetime determination in the context of FL-SMLM and compare different lifetime-fitting approaches. In particular, we investigate the impact of background and noise, and give clear guidelines for procedures that are optimized for FL-SMLM. We do also present and discuss our public-domain software package “Fluorescence-Lifetime TrackNTrace,” which converts recorded fluorescence microscopy movies into super-resolved FL-SMLM images.
Comprehensive Analysis and Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Among FAM83 Family Members for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Tianhao , Lai Shurong , Cai Yuzhi , Huang Zhixin , Li Ying , Chen Sile , Zhang Zhimei , Ye Zhijun , Lai Xiaoling , Zhai Ertao , Cai Shirong , Chen Jianhui
Published: November 2021

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and poor prognosis malignancy in the world. The Family with sequence similarity 83 (FAM83) comprises of eight members of A–H. Accumulating evidence confirmed important roles for FAM83 family in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the prognostic values of FAM83 family in GC still have not been clarified.

Methods: ONCOMINE, UALCAN, GEPIA, THE HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, DAVID, STRING and TIMER databases and R software were adopted in this study.

Results: In this study, we demonstrated that the mRNA levels of FAM83 B/C/D/H were significantly up-regulated in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), but the protein level of FAM83G/H were remarkable lowly in STAD. Next, FAM83C/D/G/H were significantly associated with tumor stages in STAD patients. Then, the mutation rate of FAM83 family members in STAD patients was 46%, and the highest mutation rate was FAM83H (23%). Furthermore, the functions of FAM83 family and their 259 co-expression genes were primarily related to Shigellosis, RNA degradation and Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes pathway. Besides, we have established the prognostic model of FAM83 family in STAD, including the prognostic model of STAD patients (FAM83C/D/G), STAD with lymph node metastasis (FAM83C/D/G/H) and STAD with ERBB2 high expression (FAM83G/H). FAM83C/D high expression with a poor prognosis, while FAM83G/H high expression with a favorable prognosis of STAD. Additionally, we found that the expression of FAM83C/D/G/H were significantly correlated with the infiltration of six types of immune cells [B cells, CD8+T cells, CD4+T cells, macrophages and Myeloid dendritic cells (DC)], whereas CD4+T cells and Macrophage cells have higher risk scores (HR > 1) when FAM83C lowly expression and FAM83D highly expression. The risk score of NK cells was significantly reduced when FAM83G lowly expression and FAM83H highly expression (HR < 1).

Conclusion: These findings suggested that FAM83C/D/G/H might play key roles in STAD tumorigenesis and progression, and FAM83C/D might be risk factors but FAM83G/H might be favorable prognostic factors for STAD patients. In addition, CD4+T cells and Macrophage cells may be the promoters of FAM83D in progression of STAD, while NK cells may promote the protective effect of FAM83H on STAD patients.
Decidualization Potency and Epigenetic Changes in Human Endometrial Origin Stem Cells During Propagation
Authors: Valatkaitė Elvina , Baušytė Raminta , Vitkevičienė Aida , Ramašauskaitė Diana , Navakauskienė Rūta
Published: November 2021

Human endometrium derived mesenchymal stem cells (hEndSCs) offer a great promise for regenerative medicine and reproductive system disorders treatment methods based on cell therapy due to their broad differentiation potential and highly efficient proliferation. In our study, we investigated the characteristics of hEndSCs that were isolated from two sources: endometrium and menstrual blood, which both contain endometrial origin stem cells. Changes in gene and protein expression levels during long-term cultivation and decidualization potential were examined in endometrial stem cells (EndSCs) and menstrual blood stem cells (MenSCs). The decidualization process was induced on early and late passages of hEndSCs using dibutyryl cyclic-AMP (db-cAMP) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) agents. We demonstrated that after long-term cultivation of hEndSCs the expression of typical mesenchymal stromal cell surface markers such as CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and perivascular marker CD146 remains at a similar level throughout long-term cultivation. Additionally, hematopoietic and endothelial markers CD34, CD45 were also tested, they were negative in all cases. Analyzed stem cells gene markers, such as OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, showed similar expression in all passages of hEndSCs. RT-qPCR results demonstrated that the expression of cell cycle control associated genes - CDK2, CCNA2, CCNE2, p21, p53 and Rb, among all groups was very similar. Expression of genes associated with senescence (ATM, JUND, TOP2A, MYC) was maintained at a similar level throughout passaging. In addition, Western blot analysis was used to assess changes in proteins’ levels associated to epigenetics (EZH2, SUZ12, H3K27me3) and cell cycle control (cyclinE1, p53) during long-term cultivation. The levels of proteins associated with epigenetic changes were fluctuated slightly depending on the patient. Also, we demonstrated that in all induced hEndSCs the expression of decidualization markers Prolactin (PRL), IGFBP1 and WNT4 was upregulated. In conclusion, we demonstrated successful decidualization of stem cells derived from two reproductive system resources: endometrium and menstrual blood by using db-cAMP and MPA regardless of the length of the stem cell passaging. According these findings, we suppose that endometrium derived stem cells and menstrual blood derived stem cells could have a potency not only for endometrium tissue regeneration, but could also become a successful therapy for reproductive system disorders, including infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss.
Diaportones A–C: Three New Metabolites From Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe foeniculina BZM-15
Authors: Kang Fenghua , Lu Xiuxiang , Zhang Sha , Chen Dekun , Kuang Min , Peng Weiwei , Tan Jianbing , Xu Kangping , Zou Zhenxing , Tan Haibo
Published: November 2021

Phytochemical investigation of Diaporthe foeniculina BZM-15 led to one new γ-butyrolactone derivative, diaportone A (1), one cyclopentenone derivative, diaportone B (3), and one monoterpene derivative, diaportone C (5), along with six known compounds (2, 4, and 6–9). Their structures as well as the absolute configurations were characterized by means of NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculation, respectively. Furthermore, all compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity and antibacterial activity, and compounds 7 and 8 displayed significant antiproliferative effects on three human cancer cell lines (SF-268, MCF-7, and HepG2) with IC50 values ranging from 3.6 to 15.8 μM.
Angiogenesis, Anti-Tumor, and Anti-Metastatic Activity of Novel α-Substituted Hetero-Aromatic Chalcone Hybrids as Inhibitors of Microtubule Polymerization
Authors: Sun Moran , Wang Yuyang , Yuan Minghua , Zhao Qing , Zhang Yixin , Yao Yongfang , Duan Yongtao
Published: November 2021

A library of new heteroaromatic ring-linked chalcone analogs were designed and synthesized of these, compound 7m with α-CH3 substitution and bearing a benzofuran ring, displaying the most potent activity, with IC50 values of 0.07–0.183 µM against three cancer cells. Its low cytotoxicity toward normal human cells and strong potency on drug-resistant cells revealed the possibility for cancer therapy. It also could moderately inhibit in vitro tubulin polymerization with an IC50 value of 12.23 µM, and the disruption of cellular architecture in MCF-7 cells was observed by an immunofluorescence assay. Cellular-based mechanism studies elucidated that 7m arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis by regulating the expression levels of caspases and PARP protein. Importantly, the compound 7 m was found to inhibit HUVEC tube formation, migration, and invasion in vitro. In vivo assay showed that 7m could effectively destroy angiogenesis of zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, our data suggested that treatment with 7m significantly reduced MCF-7 cell metastasis and proliferation in vitro and in zebrafish xenograft. Collectively, this work showed that chalcone hybrid 7m deserves further investigation as dual potential tubulin polymerization and angiogenesis inhibitor.
The Efficacy of Transcarotid Artery Revascularization With Flow Reversal System Compared to Carotid Endarterectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gao Jianfeng , Chen Zhong , Kou Lei , Zhang Hanfang , Yang Yaoguo
Published: November 2021

Background: Carotid artery stenosis has long been a critical cause of stroke and death, and it can seriously affect the life quality. Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) are both feasible therapies for this disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate if the efficacy of the two approaches is comparable.

Methods: Clinical studies up to March 2021 were searched through PubMed, Embase, and Scopus from a computer. The screening process was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for methodological quality assessment of works of literature meeting the inclusion criteria, and Review Manager 5.4 was used for data synthesis. The I2 statistic was performed to measure the heterogeneity, and M-H/I-V fixed or random model was utilized depending on the I2 value. The evidence evaluation was accomplished based on grades of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) online tool.

Results: A total of 14,200 subjects (six comparative studies) were finally included in this pooled study. There is no statistical discrepancy between the two treatments on reducing stroke/death/myocardial infarction (odds ratio [OR] 0.85, 95% CI 0.67–1.07), stroke (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.77–1.37), or death (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.67–1.94). Besides, TCAR is associated with a lower incidence of myocardial infarction (P = 0.004), cranial nerve injury (P < 0.00001), and shorter procedure time (P < 0.00001) than CEA among the overall cohort.

Conclusions: TCAR is a rapidly developing treatment that reaches a comparable prognosis to CEA and significantly reduces the risk of myocardial infarction under the well-matched condition, which is a dependable choice for patients with carotid stenosis.
Impact of Pre-Revascularization and Post-Revascularization Cardiac Arrest on Survival Prognosis in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Following Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Zhou Changzuan , Lin Qingcheng , Xiang Guangze , Chen Mengmeng , Cai Mengxing , Zhu Qianli , Zhou Rui , Huang Weijian , Shan Peiren
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of occurrence and timing of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) on survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: We analyzed 1,956 consecutive patients with AMI with emergency PCI from 2014 to 2018. Patients with cardiac arrest events were identified, and their medical records were reviewed.

Results: Patients were divided into non-cardiac arrest group (NCA group, n = 1,724), pre-revascularization cardiac arrest (PRCA group, n = 175), and post-revascularization SCA (POCA group, n = 57) according to SCA timing. Compared to NCA group, PRCA group and POCA group presented with higher brain natriuretic polypeptide (BNP), more often Killip class 3/4, atrial fibrillation, and less often completed recovery of coronary artery perfusion (all p < 0.05). Both patients with PRCA and POCA showed increased 30-day all-cause mortality when compared to patients with NCA (8.0 and 70.2% vs. 2.9%, both p < 0.001). However, when compared to patients with NCA, patients with PRCA did not lead to higher mortality during long-term follow-up (median time 917 days) (16.3 vs. 18.6%, p = 0.441), whereas patients with POCA were associated with increased all-cause mortality (36.3 vs. 18.6%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified Killip class 3/4, atrial fibrillation, high maximum MB isoenzyme of creatine kianse, and high creatinine as predictive factors for POCA. In Cox regression analysis, POCA was found as a strong mortality-increase predictor (HR, 8.87; 95% CI, 2.26–34.72; p = 0.002) for long-term all-cause death.

Conclusions: POCA appeared to be a strong life-threatening factor for 30-day and long-term all-cause mortality among patients with AMI who admitted alive and underwent emergency PCI. However, PRCA experience did not lead to a poorer long-term survival in patients with AMI surviving the first 30 days.
Associations of Insomnia With Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hu Yonghui , Yan Zhiyue , Fu Zhenrui , Pan Congqing
Published: November 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether insomnia is associated with hypertension (HBP) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in a hospital-based sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Our present study included 354 patients with T2DM. According to the diagnostic criteria of insomnia, the participants were assigned to three groups based on the duration of T2DM and insomnia diagnosis. Patients with T2DM alone were placed in group A; patients with T2DM longer than insomnia were placed in group B; and patients with insomnia longer than T2DM were placed in group C. Medical history was collected from all the patients in detail. Besides, the participants underwent thorough physical examinations and laboratory measurements. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to evaluate the associations of insomnia with HBP and CAD. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore whether insomnia was a risk factor for HBP and CAD in patients with T2DM.

Results: Of 354 patients, 225 patients were included in group A, 62 patients were included in group B, and 67 patients were included in group C. Compared with groups B and C, group A showed a lower prevalence of HBP and CAD (p < 0.05). In addition, compared with group B, group C showed no difference in the prevalence of HBP and CAD (p > 0.05). After PSM was performed, groups B and C had a higher prevalence of HBP and CAD (p < 0.05) than group A with no significant difference between groups B and C (p > 0.05). In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, insomnia was a risk factor for HBP [univariate: odds ratio (OR) = 3.376, 95% CI 2.290–6.093, p < 0.001; multivariate: OR = 2.832, 95% CI 1.373–5.841, p = 0.005] and CAD (univariate: OR = 5.019, 95% CI 3.148–8.001, p < 0.001; multivariate: OR = 5.289, 95% CI 2.579–10.850, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: T2DM combined with insomnia was related to HBP and CAD and insomnia was a risk factor for HBP and CAD in patients with T2DM. However, larger, prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.
MicroRNA-Related Strategies to Improve Cardiac Function in Heart Failure
Authors: Zhou Huatao , Tang Weijie , Yang Jinfu , Peng Jun , Guo Jianjun , Fan Chengming
Published: November 2021

Heart failure (HF) describes a group of manifestations caused by the failure of heart function as a pump that supports blood flow through the body. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as one type of non-coding RNA molecule, have crucial roles in the etiology of HF. Accordingly, miRNAs related to HF may represent potential novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we first discuss the different roles of miRNAs in the development and diseases of the heart. We then outline commonly used miRNA chemical modifications and delivery systems. Further, we summarize the opportunities and challenges for HF-related miRNA therapeutics targets, and discuss the first clinical trial of an antisense drug (CDR132L) in patients with HF. Finally, we outline current and future challenges and potential new directions for miRNA-based therapeutics for HF.
Prediction of Masked Hypertension and Masked Uncontrolled Hypertension Using Machine Learning
Authors: Hung Ming-Hui , Shih Ling-Chieh , Wang Yu-Ching , Leu Hsin-Bang , Huang Po-Hsun , Wu Tao-Cheng , Lin Shing-Jong , Pan Wen-Harn , Chen Jaw-Wen , Huang Chin-Chou
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study aimed to develop machine learning-based prediction models to predict masked hypertension and masked uncontrolled hypertension using the clinical characteristics of patients at a single outpatient visit.

Methods: Data were derived from two cohorts in Taiwan. The first cohort included 970 hypertensive patients recruited from six medical centers between 2004 and 2005, which were split into a training set (n = 679), a validation set (n = 146), and a test set (n = 145) for model development and internal validation. The second cohort included 416 hypertensive patients recruited from a single medical center between 2012 and 2020, which was used for external validation. We used 33 clinical characteristics as candidate variables to develop models based on logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGboost), and artificial neural network (ANN).

Results: The four models featured high sensitivity and high negative predictive value (NPV) in internal validation (sensitivity = 0.914–1.000; NPV = 0.853–1.000) and external validation (sensitivity = 0.950–1.000; NPV = 0.875–1.000). The RF, XGboost, and ANN models showed much higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (0.799–0.851 in internal validation, 0.672–0.837 in external validation) than the LR model. Among the models, the RF model, composed of 6 predictor variables, had the best overall performance in both internal and external validation (AUC = 0.851 and 0.837; sensitivity = 1.000 and 1.000; specificity = 0.609 and 0.580; NPV = 1.000 and 1.000; accuracy = 0.766 and 0.721, respectively).

Conclusion: An effective machine learning-based predictive model that requires data from a single clinic visit may help to identify masked hypertension and masked uncontrolled hypertension.