bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Patch-Burn Grazing on Vegetation Structural Heterogeneity in the Northern Tallgrass Prairie of South Dakota
Authors: Smart Alexander J. , Perkins Lora B. , Schramm Tara N. , Nelson Matthew J. , Bauman Peter J. , Clay Sharon A. , Clay David E.
Published: April 2016

Patch-burn grazing was developed as a grazing system to increase vegetation structural heterogeneity in managed grasslands of the central Great Plains. To evaluate this system in northern tallgrass prairie, we compared the structural response of vegetation following patch-burn grazing to that of continuous season-long grazing at two sites in eastern South Dakota. We established two pastures at each site and randomly assigned one pasture at each site to a patch-burn grazing treatment and the other to a continuous season-long grazing treatment. We allotted cow-calf pairs to each pasture during the summers of 2007 through 2009. We burned one patch of the patch-burn grazing pastures each spring for three years, leaving one patch not burned at the end of the study. We measured foliar cover of major plant functional groups, litter cover, and visual obstruction at the end of each grazing season and measured forage quality three times during the final summer. Ordination of principal component patch means showed greater vegetation structural heterogeneity for patch-burn grazing than season-long continuous grazing each year. Our results suggest that patch-burn grazing is a strategy that has potential to increase vegetation structural heterogeneity in northern tallgrass prairies and should be tested at other northern locations.
At the Intersection of Geology, Archaeology, History, and Art: Engineer Cantonment (1819–1820), Washington County, Nebraska
Authors: Dillon Jeremy S. , Bozell John R.
Published: April 2016

In the fall of 1819, members of the Stephen Long Expedition constructed two log and limestone buildings along the west bank of the Missouri River north of modern Omaha, Nebraska, to serve as their winter quarters (Engineer Cantonment). A detailed watercolor and sketches of the site by expedition member Titian Ramsay Peale were key to the rediscovery of Engineer Cantonment. Subsequent excavations of the site identified three distinct archaeological components: two Native American hearths that date to the late Holocene, about 870 and 810 14 C years before present (BP), the Engineer Cantonment from AD 1819–20, and a farmstead from the late 19th to mid-20th century. The site is a low terrace-fan complex composed of four major depositional units: a late Holocene Missouri River alluvial fill, a late Holocene through modern alluvial fan, a younger historic alluvial fill, and 19th-to 20th-century Missouri River floodplain deposits. The late Holocene fill is a fining-upward sequence of channel sand and gravel overlain by silt and clay overbank deposits with redoximorphic features. The fan includes multiple beds of yellowish brown, brown, and gray alluvial fan sediments with thin, weakly developed buried soils. The historic alluvial fill truncates the distal portions of the alluvial fan and the upper portions of the late Holocene fill. The modern floodplain deposits consist of a thin bed of silty clay overlying cross-bedded silty sand. Our study demonstrates two things: the significance of the margins of the valley floor of the Missouri River as a record of late Pleistocene through modern fluvial activity, and a potentially long record of human occupation of the valley during the Holocene. This project also demonstrates the potential usefulness of 19th-century art in the study of cultural and environmental change during the last two centuries.
Adaptation in a Resource-Based Economy in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Olfert M. Rose , Natcher David
Published: April 2016

In this article, we present a stark depiction of the growth and decline of a resource-dependent prairie region in southwest Saskatchewan, part of the northern Great Plains. Canada’s national development policy at the turn of the 20th century with respect to the region was comprised of immigration incentivized by the Dominion Lands Act which awarded homesteads to European immigrants, the building of a national railroad, and trade protection for eastern manufacturers. The resulting rapid population growth from about 1911 to 1921 in the region spawned a network of rural communities and public and private infrastructure development. However, the rapid growth was especially short-lived in our study area, spanning about 10 to 15 years, followed by more or less continuous decline. The spatial equilibrium framework suggests that the population more or less catapulted into the study area by what turned out to be poorly conceived government policy, and would subsequently exit in large measure, having encountered relatively unfavorable employment and income prospects. Their large-scale exit, as a primary adaptation strategy, would continue until local per capita economic conditions are restored to provincial levels. Per capita incomes and other economic indicators in the study area suggest that out-migration has indeed served this equilibrating function.
Toward a Pedagogy of Border Thinking: Building on Latin@ Students’ Subaltern Knowledge
Authors: Cervantes-Soon Claudia G. , Carrillo Juan F.
Published: April 2016

Abstract:
Based on Walter Mignolo’s (2000) notion of border thinking , that is, the subaltern knowledge generated from the exterior borders of the modern/colonial world system, this article extends current conceptual frameworks for the implementation of a decolonizing border pedagogy with Latin@ students in secondary schools. In particular, Cervantes-Soon and Carrillo draw from their own positionalities as border pedagogues, from Mestiz@ theories of intelligences (Carrillo, 2013) and Chicana feminist thought as exemplary articulations of border thinking, and from ethnographic research at a high school in the Mexico-U.S. borderlands to offer three pedagogical practices with the potential to cultivate border thinking and foster student agency toward social transformation.
Local Tax Limits, Student Achievement, and School-Finance Equalization
Authors: Davis Matthew , Vedder Andrea , Stone Joe
Published: April 2016

Evidence that local tax and expenditure limits (TELs) for public K-12 schools lower student achievement is widely attributed to the effects of reduced funding, but our results cast doubt on reduced funding as the primary explanation for negative effects of TELs and instead suggest the importance of the predictability of funding. Students in districts subject to more severe local tax limits in Oregon score less well on eighth-grade tests in mathematics, but reduced funding is not the reason. Our analysis expands prior work by accounting for the extent to which TELs are actually binding, as well as for both pecuniary and non-pecuniary effects of TELs. Distinguishing pecuniary and non-pecuniary effects allows us to document that the negative effect of TELs in Oregon is not due to reduced expenditures. The state’s school-finance equalization (SFE) tends to offset funding differentials, so TELs have no significant effect on funding, but even if TELs did affect funding, the negative effect of TELs on achievement is significant even if district expenditures are held constant. Instead, the negative effect of more restrictive TELs appears to work by disrupting local planning. We isolate this effect by distinguishing the more uncertain first year of each biennial budget from the second year. Our quasi-experimental design accounts for district and year fixed effects, as well as for district-specific variations in expenditures and student attributes. Results are robust to a placebo test designed to reveal spurious correlation and to several alternative specifications.
Latin America’s New Turbulence: Crisis and Integrity in Brazil
Authors: Melo Marcus André
Published: April 2016

Abstract: Public anger at revelations of widespread corruption, along with the rising cost of coalition politics, has brought Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff to the brink of impeachment. Yet the crisis has also revealed the strength of the country’s law-enforcement and judicial institutions.
Burma Votes for Change: The Challenges Ahead
Authors: Blaževič Igor
Published: April 2016

Abstract: Aung San Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy swept Burma’s November 2015 elections. Will the new NLD-led government be able to live up to high expectations that it will deliver better governance, national reconciliation, and some form of federalism?
Access Is Not Problem Solving: Disability Justice and Libraries
Authors: Kumbier Alana , Starkey Julia
Published: April 2016

In this paper we advocate for an understanding of access that both responds to the pragmatic needs of the American Library Association’s “Core Values of Librarianship” (to guide professional practice and education) and helps librarians and library workers imagine how we might transform the systems, beliefs, and practices that make libraries and the profession inaccessible and inequitable. We are interested in expanding our shared understanding of access so that it includes a professional ethic of accessibility, justice, and collaboration. We bring to this argument a set of knowledges, experiences, beliefs, and politics that inform our understanding of what access is and what it could be. Specifically, our understanding of access and accessibility is shaped by our participation in disability justice activism, disability studies communities, and our personal experience. We suggest that thinking in solidarity with disability justice movements can be beneficial to all of us: librarians, library workers, and our communities of users; those of us with disabilities; those of us who are living without illnesses or disabilities; and those of us who move between disabled, ill and not.
Empowered to Name, Inspired to Act: Social Responsibility and Diversity as Calls to Action in the LIS Context
Authors: Roberts Sarah T. , Noble Safiya Umoja
Published: April 2016

Social Responsibility and Diversity are two principal tenets of the field of library and information science (LIS) as defined by the American Library Association’s “Core Values of Librarianship” but that often remain on the margins of LIS education, leading to limited student engagement with these concepts and limited faculty modeling of socially responsible interventions. In this paper we take up the need to increase the role of both in articulating the Core Values of Diversity and Social Responsibility in LIS education and argue that the field should broaden to place LIS students and faculty in dialog with contemporary social issues of social inequality and injustice whenever possible. The paper also examines two specific cases of socially responsible activism spearheaded by LIS faculty and how these experiences shape, and are shaped by, curricular commitments to addressing the Values of Social Responsibility and Diversity in LIS in the classroom and through research. The development of a social responsibility orientation and skillset along with literacies of diversity, the paper argues, leads to better-prepared practitioners and an LIS community that is more actively engaged with its environment. The impetus for students to act can be empowered by faculty modeling a commitment to Social Responsibility and Diversity in their own professional lives.
Tending the Garden of Learning: Lifelong Learning as Core Library Value
Authors: Elmborg James
Published: April 2016

Lifelong Learning is enshrined in the professional practice of librarians through the American Library Association’s “Core Values of Librarianship” (2004). As a Core Value, the term is extremely vague. What do we mean by lifelong learning, and why does the term have such a powerful hold on the imaginations of educators? This paper works to understand the term by looking at one of the earliest conflicts in American educational history and philosophy: the choice between student-centered schools and employment-centered schools. During the first decades of the twentieth century, America was struggling to define its national core values. Educational theory was seen as a key way to articulate and pass on these values. One pedagogical approach involved developing schools to educate individuals to become thinking and informed citizens; another administrative approach involved creating schools as vocational institutions to educate individuals to become skilled employees. After a brief debate, employment-centered schools emerged as the clear winner. Since that time American schools have been viewed almost exclusively through a vocational lens. The implications of this decision for libraries, schools, and learning are explored.
Between Wall Street and Fifth Avenue: Class and Status in Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth
Authors: Clarke Michael Tavel
Published: April 2016

Informed by the theories of Max Weber, this essay argues for the necessity of distinguishing between social class and social status in literary texts. Using Edith Wharton’s House of Mirth as a case study, it argues that influential analyses of the novel overlook this distinction and often misinterpret important features of the book. One consequence is that those analyses overestimate the power of economic forces. A central tension of the novel is the conflict between those with money but no status, those with status but no money, and those with both money and status. The essay explores and interrogates the autonomy of class and status in the novel, arguing that many characters are engaged in a failing attempt to erect a sharp division between the two realms—an attempt arising from broader social conditions of the era. The essay concludes that acknowledging the tension between class and status helps us better understand several important features of the novel, including: Lily’s romantic preferences; the novel’s discourse on spectatorship, commodification, and collecting; and the book’s speech codes.
The Old Acropolis Museum, Athens, Greece: An Overdue Necrology
Authors: Papalexandrou Nassos
Published: April 2016

Since its well-publicized inauguration in 2009, the New Acropolis Museum has received mixed reviews by scholars and critics. This paper is a response to the lack of attention to the dismantling of the permanent exhibition of the Old Acropolis Museum, an important museological artifact of postwar Greece. It delineates a biography of this museum, focusing on its various reincarnations since 1874 and, most importantly, on the installation by archaeologist Giannes Meliades (1895–1975) from 1954 to 1964. Meliades, Ephor of the Acropolis from 1941 to 1961, held that his installation was in-and-of-itself a work of art of its own times, rich in aesthetic claims and epistemological implications. It is therefore imperative to remember and analyze Meliades’s artifact, even as we inquire into what precisely was lost when the Old Acropolis Museum was dismantled. This analysis is premised on the notion that a museum is a relational nexus, whose dismantling may have wider implications for viewers, visitors, scholars, and artifacts.
The Confucian Vision of an Ideal Society Arising out of Moral Emotions, with a Focus on the Sishu Daquan
Authors: Young-jin Choi , Haeng-hoon Lee
Published: April 2016

The ideal world of Confucianism is a kind of ‘moral community’ the members of which control their desires in an appropriate way according to their innate moral emotions, so that their behavior follows public order autonomously to realize the common good. It is also a kind of ‘life community’ in which not only humans but every creature between heaven and earth is able to give full expression to its nature and can strive to reach the cosmic harmony. The principal mechanism to obtain this world relies upon the universal moral emotions of humanity: ‘human minds loving good and abhorring evil’ and ‘the mind that cannot bear to see life lost.’ Thus, the ruler should set a good example by restraining his own selfish desires, and should help people cultivate their innate moral emotions; people thus educated become capable of and responsible for building the morally ideal world. The Confucian ideal world is therefore simultaneously a ‘moral community,’ a ‘life-community,’ and an ‘educational community.’ The ideal politics of Confucianism can be called a ‘policy of non-action’ in that it depends upon the autonomy of its members for its essential implementation. But this Confucian non-action, which is based on moral mechanisms such as ‘virtue and ritual propriety,’ is distinct from Taoist political thought, which criticizes moral regulations as a whole. Moreover, since Confucianism opposes such coercive measures as strict prohibition and punishment, Confucian theories also clash with those of the Legalists. Although today it might seem to be a drawback that the moral emotions of the people are actuated only by their ruler or their social superiors, the Confucian vision of an ideal society offers many suggestions which can usefully complement the modern rule of law; by taking a stand against political violence and environmental destruction, they can help us grope toward an alternative social framework that can meet all our aspirations.
Between Hierarchy of Oppression and Style of Nourishment: Defending the Confucian Way of Civil Order
Authors: Wang Huaiyu
Published: April 2016

Abstract: By clarifying the original meanings of the Confucian maxims of sangang 三綱 (three norms [bonds]) and wulun 五倫 (five tenets [relationships]) and Dong Zhongshu’s yin-yang theory, I argue that the foundation of Confucian civil order is not a hierarchy of power and domination, but the graded structure of honor and dedication. Contrary to liberal and feminist accusations, the “structural limitations” for women and the masses are not means of oppression but expedients for the general culture of devotion and the cosmic cycle of grace and sacrifice.
“The Sugar’d Game before Thee”: Gamification Revisited
Authors: Hughes Michael , Lacy C. Jeff
Published: April 2016

Gamification, the application of game elements to nongame contexts, was recently a subject of great interest in the library literature, inspiring a number of articles. That interest tapered off in tandem with gamification’s wider decline, but signs point to its reemergence. Anticipating renewed interest in gamification, the authors reviewed the literature to determine what has—and has not—been examined by librarianship’s proponents of gamification. They found serious concerns regarding gamification’s practical and ethical limitations. Moreover, the authors believe that the purported benefits of gamification are more readily found in its progenitor—games.
“Raised unto a cheareful and lively beleeving”: The 1587–90 Diary of the Puritan Richard Rogers and Writing into Joy
Authors: Lambert James S.
Published: April 2016

The 1587–90 diary of Richard Rogers, housed in Dr. Williams’s Library in London, is well known for its historical significance but rarely examined for its formal particulars and rhetorical gestures. This is unfortunate; the diary is the earliest complete example of Puritan self-examination diaries in England, and Rogers—both through his diary and his companion devotional manual, The Seven Treatises —was especially influential for seventeenth-century Puritans on both sides of the Atlantic. The diary proves to be an exemplary text of Puritan experiential writing not only for its insight into the psychology of the devout but also, I argue, for its illustration of the relationship between writing, emotional expression, and religious joy. Rogers’s diary allows us to see Puritan self-writing as an exercise in emotional health and religious testimony, taking daily events and sorrowful realities and, through the process of writing, turning them into sanctified, if momentary, present emotional experiences. By placing Rogers’s diary alongside his popular devotional manual The Seven Treatises , which prescribes daily examination as a means to joyful living and increased devotion, I read Rogers’s diary as mediating religious emotion, expression, and belief. Beginning with sorrow, the default emotional state of the Puritan, Rogers soon writes himself into a state of “sweet peace” by effusive expressions of praise, wonder, and confirmation. Each entry participates in this process so that daily writing becomes a repeatable exercise in rejoicing. This reading not only impels us to rethink the narrative design of religious self-writing, but it also helps explain how Puritan communities encouraged “spiritual exercises” through the practice of everyday spiritual life in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England.
The Design and Manufacture of Municipal and School Uniforms for a Northeastern Thai Municipality
Authors: Draper John
Published: April 2016

The Isan Culture Maintenance and Revitalization Programme is a four-year, 500,000-euro programme devised and implemented by four municipalities and the College of Local Administration of Khon Kaen University in Northeast Thailand. The design and manufacture — using traditional processes adapted for making Western-style shirts that first became popular in Thailand in the first decade of the twentieth century — of student uniforms for Ban Phai municipality is one of the action lines of the Isan Culture Maintenance and Revitalization Programme. A brief review of Thailand’s decentralization process is followed by a section on school uniforms. The project in Ban Phai had four phases: a survey of citizens’ attitudes towards the use of traditionally designed and woven clothing; a capacity survey to review the local market; design and manufacture of municipal uniforms; and design and manufacture of school uniforms. The result was the production of more than 400 hybrid jackets for municipal officers with local, national and international characteristics and more than 1,200 similarly hybrid student shirts, using both traditional and machined processes and materials.
“But the narrative is not gloomy”: Imperialist Narrative, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine , and the Suitability of Heart of Darkness in 1899
Authors: Connolly Matthew C.
Published: April 2016

This article investigates the relationship between Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine , which published the novella as a three-part serial in 1899. Placing Conrad’s text in dialogue with surrounding articles, advertisements, and opinion pieces helps reveal its complex position within the narrative of British imperial prowess that Blackwood’s supported at the fin de siècle. Understanding the ways in which Conrad’s text both supports and challenges this narrative offers a better picture of Heart of Darkness’s political significance in its original cultural moment.
Marie Susini ou la Corse écartelée - Répons
Authors: Enjolras Laurence
Published: April 2016

La Corse, terre inflexible, terre cruelle, terre hostile, terre de l'enfermement où religion, affliction, malédiction pèsent sur les insulaires telles d'accablantes chapes de plomb.
Entretien avec Andrée Chedid
Authors: Barsoum Marlène
Published: April 2016

Cet entretien a eu lieu à Paris, le 7 juillet, 1996. Le prix Albert Camus venaitd'être attribué à Andrée Chedid pour Les Saisons de passage et pour l'ensemble de son oeuvre.
Julie Responds to St. Preux: Mme de La Tour's Letters to Rousseau
Authors: McAlpin Mary
Published: April 2016

This article examines the literary status of the fifteen-year correspondence between Marie-Anne de La Tour andJean-Jacques Rousseau. De. La Tour initiated the exchange by writing as the incarnation of the fictional Julie, in a successful attempt, it isargued, to produce a publishable "intimate" correspondence with the author of La Nouvelle Héloïse .
Espace du dehors vs espace du dedans dans le roman maghrébin écrit par des femmes
Authors: Segarra Marta
Published: April 2016

Si l'espace intérieur es incontournable dans les romans maghrébins quand il est question des femmes, il existe cependant un certain nombre de lieux privilégiés moins traditionnels qui prennent des significations particulières chez les écrivaines.
The Literary Friendships of Natalie Clifford Barney: The Case of Lucie Delarue-Mardrus
Authors: Engelking Tama Lea
Published: April 2016

Natalie Clifford Barney cultivated literary friendships grounded on the belief that art should be created in the service of life. By creating an Academy of Women, hosting a literary salon, and serving as a positive lesbian role model and muse to the women writers of her generation, Barney provided a supportive network and environment to encourage their creative efforts. Her mission was to help her women friends become "poètes dans la vie" so they could write from a more authentically female perspective. This paper first examines Barney's literary friendships in the general context of her salon and related activities, and then looks more closely at her influence on the poet and novelist, Lucie Delarue-Mardrus, whose work Barney helped shape in more female and feminist directions.
Love and amitié : Madame de Sévigné's letters
Authors: Montfort Catherine R.
Published: April 2016

Since the late eighteenth century, Mme de Sévigné's primary claim to fame has been her motherly love for Mme de Grignan. It is that love combined with her gift as épistolière that propelled her into the "canon" of French literature. In this essay, I analyze a less known aspect of her letters, her friendship with her daughter's brother-in-law, the Chevalier de Grignan, whom she admired for his courage, modesty, seriousness, generosity, and loyalty to his family. Notwithstanding the pessimism of the discourse on the friendship in her time, I argue that her friendship with the Chevalier, a friendship based on the moral and intellectual qualities of the partner, comes close to the ancient ideal of friendship.
Représentations d'amitiés féminines dans l'écriture contemporaine
Authors: Vitiello Joëlle
Published: April 2016

Les amitiés féminines dépeintes dans L 'arbre voyageur de Claire Etcherelli et Une nuit d'Isabelle Hausser présentent une économie des relations qui subvertit les concepts d'amitié classiques ainsi que l'institution patriarcale de la famille. Les écrits d'Hélène Cixous permettent de mieux théoriser cette économie relationnelle fondée sur le don plutêt que sur Géchange tel qu' il est décrit par les anthropologues et de contraster cette économie avec les définitions de l'amitié par les Classiques (Aristote, Platon, Cicerón, Montaigne) et les principes et pratiques homosociales qu'ils prênaient.
"C'est l'insuffisance de notre être qui fait naître l'amitié": Women's Friendships in the Enlightenment
Authors: Sherman Carol L.
Published: April 2016

The study of friendships represented in eighteenth-century French literature offers examples of relationships that display various uses of intersubjectivity. Besides the rich and oft-examined case of Rousseau's Julie and Claire, the friends portrayed by Marivaux, Diderot, Graffigny, Charrière, Laclos, and Roland enact various kinds ofalliances serving plot and affecting reception. Such bonds function both as developmental opportunity and as a life-giving, lifesaving force.
(Fe)male Impersonation and Transcendence in Marguerite Yourcenar's Mémoires d'Hadrien
Authors: Milne Lorna
Published: April 2016

One of the predominant characteristics of Yourcenar's Hadrien is his apparent desire to transcend his individual state and to acquire—often through impersonation—an exhaustive knowledge of that which is Other: One might expect, then, that he would seek to impersonate or otherwise experience feminine Otherness. This article demonstrates, however, that Hadrien radically eliminates feminine Otherness from his quest, as much in his relations with female characters as with the Feminine in more abstract terms. In conclusion it is suggested that, through her impersonation of the overwhelmingly masculine Hadrien, it is in fact Yourcenar, not her character, who uses gender as a route to a kind oftranscendence.
A Passion Between Women: The Case of Germaine de Staël and Juliette Récamier
Authors: Wolfgang Aurora
Published: April 2016

In this article, I explore the passionate relationship between woman of letters Germaine de Staël and socialite Juliette Récamier in post-revolutionary France. To recontextualize this relationship from a minor friendship, as it has most often been viewed, to a major love relationship in both women's lives, I examine what Staël and Récamier themselves had to say about each other throughout their twenty-year friendship, and explore the significance of this passionate alliance. By examining scholars' attitudes and assumptions surrounding this friendship, I raise important issues on how we read women's relationships today.
Euzhan Palcy's Feminist Filmmaking: From Romance to Realism, From Gender to Race
Authors: Durham Carolyn A.
Published: April 2016

The films of Euzhan Palcy illustrate how the codes of dominant narrative cinema can be subverted to serve an overtly progressive ideological function. In Rue Case-Nègres and A Dry White Season , Palcy turns cinematic realism into an aesthetically and politically radical strategy. In particular, the undermining of the conventional narrative of romance decentralizes gender in order to emphasize the centrality of racism and racial conflict.
What's so troubling about the Woman behind the Mask?: Est-ce que je te dérange? by Anne Hébert
Authors: Reid Amy
Published: April 2016

In this 1998 novel Hébert explores the dangerous implications of the mask as metaphor for identity. Unlike Kamouraska or Le Premier Jardin , in which women wear masks as a defensive strategy, here it is a weapon used by a man to destroy a woman. Reading Est-ce que je te dérange? in light of Riviere's "Womanliness as Masquerade" and Fanon's and Memmi's respective critiques of colonialism's masks reveals the broad political implications of Hébert's novel. More than just dérangeant , the imposition of reductive models of identity—be they based on gender, ethnicity, nationality or language—is akin to murder.
A Voice of Her Own: Gérard d'Houville's Thread and Literary Tradition
Authors: Engelking Tama Lea
Published: April 2016

The novelist and poet Gérard d'Houville was one of the most decorated women writers of the early twentieth century, although she is primarily remembered today as the daughter of José-Maria de Heredia. This relationship shaped her critical reception and contributed to the current neglect of her work. Contemporary readers, however, will appreciate how, despite her status as a literary daughter, she was able to define her own poetic identity by taking a penname and seeking out connections with a female tradition. D'Houville's woman-centered poetry offers an alternative to the male-authored literary tradition represented by her father. She finds a voice of her own by speaking to and for her forgotten Creole grandmothers and women from classical mythology whose voices have been silenced or repressed.
Entretien avec Marie Etienne
Authors: Stout John
Published: April 2016

Dans sa poésie Marie Etienne cherche souvent à donner la parole à des individus et à des groupes marginalisés. En reproduisant des images de violence contre les femmes et les autoctones, par exemple, elle nous pousse à prendre conscience d'un phénomène souvent passé sous sous silence. Tout en présentant des images intenses et violentes, Etienne préfère employer un langage impersonnel et neutre. En même temps, dans ses textes, on retrouve toujours une recherche dans l'innovation au niveau formel.
Writing to Survive: The Novels of Anna Langfus
Authors: Schaneman Judith Clark
Published: April 2016

When Langfus' novels appeared, they were among the earliest literary texts to treat the Jewish experience of the war years. Along with writers such as Elie Wiesel, André Schwarz-Bart, Piotr Rawicz and Jorgé Semprun, Langfus engaged in the attempt to transmit in fictionalized form her experiences of absence, loss and survival. Although tempted by memoir, Anna Langfus came to believe that this form of writing would not enable her to honor her responsibility to those who did not survive the Holocaust while at the same time freeing her from the lonely burden of memory.
Alexandra David-Néel : l'orientaliste méconnue
Authors: James Geneviève
Published: April 2016

Alexandra David-Néel, la première Européenne à pénétrer incognito au Tibet en 1924, connue pour cet exploit, est encore méconnue en tant qu'annonciatrice d'un orientalisme déjà «moderniste» fondé sur l'exploration « sur le terrain » et une expérience bouddhiste personnelle. Sa passion des voyages l'a amenée à explorer l'Asie pendant près de 25 ans, tant pour la documention de ses récits de voyages et de ses livres sur les philosophies et religions orientales que pour son cheminement « intérieur ». Elle fut une pionnière de l'interdisciplinarité, pratiquant avant la lettre un orientalisme polyvalent. Elle a su, bien avant les savants érudits de son temps, traverser les frontières de sa discipline, rejoindre l'histoire des religions, la sociologie, l'ethnologie, pour construire un pont entre les études orientales et les sciences humaines.
Reading Duras's Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein like a Feminist
Authors: Zalloua Zahi
Published: April 2016

In this paper, I seek to challenge the essentializing tendencies in current feminist readings of Duras's Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein . In contrast to critics who either engage in an essentialist identification with the character of Lol or tend to exclude a priori the male narrator Jacques Hold, I demonstrate how a feminist reading depends less on the reader's ability to share Lol's "experience" than on the reader's alertness to the complexity of Jacques Hold's writing of Lol, that is, to his writing of her ravissement and the ravissement of his writing. One-sided readings of Jacques's male narrative (either by radically displacing the importance of his role or by treating him as a one-dimensional character/narrator) run the risk of simply reversing the male totalizing reading of Lol (uncritical acceptance of the narrator's voice) to a feminist totalizing reading of Jacques (an irresponsible dismissal of Jacques's narratorial authority). Indeed, a critical reading of Duras's Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein must avoid what could be described as the blackmail of some feminist critics: a reader must be either for or against Jacques Hold.
Parole de femme : Namokel de Catherine Lépront
Authors: Le Juez Brigitte
Published: April 2016

A travers le récit du cheminement intérieur d'une jeune Française, Namokel est une réflexion sur les moyens dont a disposé la génération de l'après-Seconde Guerre mondiale pour se représenter l'horreur de la guerre et rendre compte de son effroi devant tout conflit armé, fût-il politique ou militaire. Pendant onze années, cinq amies mènent une véritable enquête sur ce qui s'est passé avant leur époque pour comprendre dans quel monde elles vivent. Lépront s'intéresse particulièrement à la perspective des femmes, aux rôles qui leur incombent durant les guerres, et met l'accent sur l'importance de la parole des femmes dans la véracité et la continuité de l'Histoire.
'Porteuse de la vie des autres': Ernaux's Journal du dehors as Anti-diary
Authors: Baisnée Valérie
Published: April 2016

This essay discusses one of Annie Ernaux's lesser-studied works, Journal du dehors . It focusses on her adaptation of the journal intime in the context of the modern trend in autobiographical writing as well as in relation to Ernaux's own positioning within popular culture. Ernaux, who has denied practising confessional writing, sees her own self mirrored in the people she meets in her everyday life. Thus, she shows that self-knowledge can be obtained by merely looking and observing people around her. The essay examines the implications of this different way of reconciling the personal and the political.
Louise Bourgeois (1563-1636) : la cabale des hommes de l'art contre les sages-femmes
Authors: Domingues Clara
Published: April 2016

Louise Bourgeois, sage-femme de la Reine de France, Marie de Médicis, connaît une brillante carrière jusqu'en juin 1627. En effet, à la suite de la mort post-partum de Marie de Bourbon Montpensier, qu'elle avait elle-même assistée lors de son accouchement, une polémique l'oppose aux médecins de la Cour de France. Ces derniers, unis dans une offensive sexiste, la discréditent et sa carrière prend alors brutalement fin. Loin d'être anecdotique, son cas témoigne davantage de la restriction progressive du champ d'activité des sages-femmes caractéristique du XVII e siècle, ainsi que de la répression systématique de toute forme de savoir et donc de pouvoir détenus par des femmes.
Plaisir du discours, discours sur le plaisir dans l' Heptaméron de Marguerite de Navarre
Authors: Baider Fabienne H.
Published: April 2016

Cet article propose de repenser l 'Heptaméron comme une critique des rôles assignés aux deux sexes, et en particulier comme une remise en question de la passivité discursive et sexuelle exigée de l'être féminin. De fait, à plusieurs instances, l'auteure encourage le changement des règles du code de communication et, ce faisant, réussit à inverser les rôles sociaux et sexuels traditionnels : la femme échappe alors à sa position de récepteur/réceptacle pour s'affirmer en tant que locutrice et actante. C'est dans cette défense des femmes audacieuses que réside en partie l'originalité de l' Heptaméron . Les héroïnes les plus controversées vont en effet plus loin que le simple renversement des polarités des rôles sexuels. Le projet de Marguerite de Navarre n'est donc pas « de renverser l'ordre des choses », consciente que dans ce cas « l'histoire reviendrait finalement encore au même » (Irigaray 32). Elle va plus loin et rejette la dichotomie traditionnelle du signe, inventant par là-même une agentivité pour laquelle la binarité féminin/masculin n'a plus de sens.
Voix féminines dans l'œuvre d'Agrippa d'Aubigné
Authors: Junod Samuel
Published: April 2016

Cet essai s'attache à décrire les modalités selon lesquelles un auteur masculin comme Agrippa d'Aubigné ouvre le champ de son énonciation aux voix féminines et les paradoxes que l'on décèle dans son œuvre lorsqu'il s'agit de qualifier ce qui constitue la féminité. Plusieurs exemples montrent que la transgression d'une norme communément imposée aux femmes crédite celle qui la transgresse d'une nature autre que féminine. Tout se passe comme si la féminité était de l'ordre de la convention sociale et qu'au-delà de cette convention un épineux problème de définition se posait.
'La véritable patrie de l'écrivain est la langue dans laquelle il écrit': Entretien avec Françoise Mallet-Joris
Authors: Petit Susan
Published: April 2016

Dans cette entrevue, la vice-présidente et doyenne de l'Académie Goncourt parle de ses romans et de ses textes biographiques et autobiographiques. Elle décrit sa fiction comme une « interrogation sur le monde contemporaine » qui cherche « le passage de l'univers matériel à un univers poétique et spirituel ». Questionnée sur le rapport mère-fille, elle le caractérise comme « le plus intime qui soit » mais aussi l'un des plus difficiles. Elle fait une distinction entre la relation lesbienne, qui est « un véritable choix », et celles où le sexe du partenaire importe peu, la bisexualité étant « l'état naturel de qui n'est pas encore déformé par le social ». Croyante qui vit sa foi catholique comme « une épreuve », elle est néanmoins d'accord avec l'Eglise que « l'acte sexuel, comme les autres actes du corps, n'est pas insignifiant ». Enfin, en citant les jeunes auteurs et les classiques qu'elle aime lire, elle nous fournit une liste d'écrivains à découvrir ou à relire.
Telling Apart the Works of Male and Female Playwrights: Two 17 th -Century Contrasts
Authors: Gethner Perry
Published: April 2016

Although neither male authors nor female authors should be treated as monolithic groups, it is sometimes possible to discern gender-related views and preoccupations by examining side by side pairs of works treating the same subject. In Gabriel Gilbert's treatment of the classical myth of Endymion and Diana the goddess is presented as a powerless victim of ruthless male deities. Only by going into voluntary exile into the underworld can she find autonomy and love. Françoise Pascal, dramatizing the same myth, makes Diana the supreme deity, who picks her own consort and, with the aid of a powerful female magician, imposes physical and psychological trials on him to guarantee his fidelity and submissiveness. Georges de Scudéry, in dramatizing the persecution of a Roman empress and his daughter by a tyrannical Vandal king, celebrates the male chivalric ideal: valiant and courteous knights prevail and save damsels in distress, and even the villain is converted to magnanimity. Antoinette Deshoulières, in her adaptation of the same story, presents a pessimistic world in which the most energetic characters are impervious to virtue and love, while even the noble-hearted characters are weak and unsure of their beliefs.
Ecrire et lire l'inceste: Christine Angot
Authors: Cata Isabelle , DalMolin Eliane
Published: April 2016

Cet article propose une étude de ce qu'inceste veut dire chez Christine Angot, écrivaine qui depuis 1990 occupe solidement la scène littéraire avec une production remarquable de nombreux romans ou récits dont le point de convergence et la matière récurrente semblent être l'inceste et son traitement littéraire. Nous analysons comment le concept de l'inceste a guidé et transformé l'écriture d'Angot et pour ce faire nous privilégions une définition psychanalytique de l'inceste où le réel se distingue du fantasme (et vice-versa) tout en l'influençant. Dans une première partie, intitulée « Écrire l'inceste », nous examinons comment Angot interpelle le monde de la violence en général et de l'inceste en particulier dans ses premiers romans : Vu du Ciel (1990), Léonore, toujours (1994). Dans une seconde partie, « Lire l'inceste », nous examinons le rôle du lecteur, de la lectrice, dans l'œuvre d'Angot surtout dans les récits plus récents tels que : Interview (1995), L'Usage de la vie (1998), L'Inceste (1999) et Quitter la ville (2000). Pris/e à partie par Angot, la lectrice/le lecteur est alternativement placé/e dans le rôle de l'agressé/e ou dans celui de l'agresseur/e. Ainsi, Angot joue sans cesse à franchir et à garder les limites entre elle et son lecteur/sa lectrice, entre écrire la réalité de l'inceste et sa fiction, ambivalences qui donnent lieu à une nouvelle forme d'écriture dont la force se pressent dans l'interaction entre écrire et lire.
Reading "Pré-histoire de Ken" in Ken Bugul's Le Baobab fou
Authors: de Larquier Jeanne-Sarah
Published: April 2016

Le Baobab fou is arguably the most subversive autobiographical narrative ever published since the emergence in the 1970s of sub-Saharan francophone literature written by women authors. The writer, Mariétou M'Baye, better known under the pseudonym Ken Bogul, begins her narrative with a first part written in the third-person singular, entitled "Pré-histoirede Ken. " This second and last part itself begins with a short preamble that recapitualtes the events told in the prehistory part. One may wonder, then, why Ken's autobiographical account does not simply begin with its second part. In this essay, I analyze the novel's first part, "Pré-histoire de Ken," in an attempt to unravel its meaning as well as to broaden our understanding of its significance for the remainder of the novel. Ultimately, Ken Bogul's strategic prehistory narrative constitutes the basis of Ken Bogul's distinctive voice, which I define.
Entretien avec Victoire Lasséni Duboze, le 10 mai 2005
Authors: Montfort Catherine R.
Published: April 2016

Championne des droits de la femme et des enfants, Sénateur et Présidente du Parti PDG (Parti démocratique gabonais) au Sénat, Victoire Lasséni Duboze est plus connue au Gabon pour ses activités politiques et sociales que pour son oeuvre poétique, et pourtant toutes ces activités lui tiennent également à coeur. Dans cet entretien, elle nous parle avec grande simplicité de son éducation, de son attachement pour sa mère, de son engagement politique et finalement de ses poèmes.
Enfant des vagues ou de la vase ?: Symbolique marine dans La vie de Joséphin le fou D'Ananda Devi
Authors: Bragard Véronique
Published: April 2016

La métamorphose ichtyomorphe de Joséphin au centre de l'ouvrage La vie de Joséphin le fou (2003) de l'écrivaine mauricienne Ananda Devi est lue dans cet article comme une quête maternelle et métaphysique d'un jeune enfant rejeté par sa mère, elle-même une 'désemparée de la terre'. L'étude de l'ambivalence de l'espace marin et de la vase dans laquelle Joséphin se réfugie révèle le déchirement existentiel du protagoniste et suggère un passage par l'abject. Sa recherche d'intégration cosmique est également lue dans le contexte insulaire de l'île Maurice et fait écho à la poursuite d'harmonie culturelle et nationale de l'île mise en péril au vu des peurs croissantes vis-à-vis de l'hybridité qu'incarne Joséphin.
Une géographie féminine dans l' Heptaméron de Marguerite de Navarre (1559)
Authors: Wilson Corinne
Published: April 2016

François 1 er favorise l'éveil à l'espace chez les Français. Par sa mobilité, il développe l'unité du royaume de France, unique en Europe. Son avènement marque aussi un tournant dans la vie de Marguerite de Navarre, surtout dans sa mouvance. Elle rejoint la cour et voyage aux côtés de son frère, en Provence, en Normandie et en Angoûmois. L' Heptameron présente la géographie de la France à travers les nombreuses références géographiques du texte qui en dessinent les contours. En premier lieu, on reconstituera le tracé de la carte de France. Puis, on analysera la redistribution de l'espace effectuée par Marguerite de Navarre selon une perspective féminine, enfin on définira le rôle de la femme dans l'espace.
Sexe, texte et contexte : « Jeu » de « je » dans La Nouvelle Pornographie de Marie Nimier
Authors: de Larquier Jeanne-Sarah
Published: April 2016

La pornographie : un sujet qui interpelle. Passées les réponses sous forme de projections individuelles, au-delà de la prise de conscience de l'approche herméneutique qui, à la manière d'un publicitaire, fait la promotion de la pornographie élargissant sa signification au rang de symbole, de culte de notre société, si l'on s'interroge sur un tel choix, nous nous rendons rapidement compte qu'il n'y a pas un choix mais une dynamique de choix utilisée par Marie Nimier pour expliquer le métier d'écrivain, et plus précisément le sien en accord avec elle-même à ce moment-là de sa vie de romancière et s'inscrire pour la première fois dans « sa génération » (interview pour Gala par Claire Baldewyns). Avant de pouvoir adopter l'article défini « la » pour son intitulé « La Nouvelle Pornographie », elle aura détaillé et cherché à appréhender « une » pornographie particulière à chacun. Du « je » aux « autres », de l'écrivain isolé à dessein « au lecteur privilégié qui représente tous les autres », sans négliger les « inconnus » qu'il aurait peut-être été « plus facile d'interroger », se dégage une notion de pornographie nécessaire tant pour justifier le personnage de l'écrivain qui va l'écrire sous nos yeux avec la plume de Marie Nimier qui se dévoile à son tour, que pour élargir le sujet du roman lui-même de ce fait ouvert.
The Perversity of Whiteness: Paule Constant's White Spirit as a Gendered Rewriting of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness
Authors: Edwards Natalie
Published: April 2016

This article examines the intertextual references between Paule Constant's White Spirit and Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness . I argue that Constant's novel rewrites the European male colonialist's journey from a gendered perspective. The techniques used to achieve this include infusing Conrad's tale with heavily symbolic female characters, with male characters that belie the colonialists' sexual perversion, with animals that take on human characteristics, and with a colonial structure that emphasizes the sexually sordid aspect of empire. The article shows that Constant writes empire as an inherently sexual structure that impacts negatively upon all the characters' psyches, but most significantly upon women; while men suffer psychologically from the sexually perverse colonial society, the quest for whiteness to which the novel's title refers transforms, denigrates and denaturalizes both European and African women.