bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Spirulina platensis on Lipid Profile of Long Evans Rats
Authors: Mridha M Omar Faruq , Noor Parvin , Khaton Rahima , Islam Dipa , Hossain Motaher
Published: November 2010

To study the Effect of Spirulina platensis on lipid profile of Long Evan rats, an experiment was conducted by feeding the rats with diets supplemented with Spirulina platensis dry powder. Five different types of diets were included in the feeding. Group A containing high fat and high sugar considered as control-01. Group B with high fat, high sugar and 0.5% Spirulina. Group C with high fat, high sugar and 2.5% Spirulina. These three groups were included in Diet-1. Group D with laboratory diets considered as control-02 and Group E i.e., laboratory diet with Spirulina 150mg/kg/body weight. These two groups were included in Diet-2. This study describes the useful effect of Spirulina powder after administration in high fat and high sugar diet and in normal laboratory diet. Spirulina platensis powder showed an effective result in the lipid profile of Long Evan rats. Total cholesterol (TC) serum lipid significantly reduced in Group B than that of 2.5% of Spirulina powder in Group C rats. 0.5% and 2.5% Spirulina powder had the same effect in dropping low density lipoprotein (LDL) in both B and C Groups of rats. Conversely 2.5% Spirulina powder was found more effective in increasing high density lipoprotein (HDL) in Group C (50.54%) rats than the group B (24.18%) rats. On the other hand, the dose 150mg/kg b.w Spirulina powder mixed in laboratory diet showed an effective result in decreasing total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) 19.21% and 46.06%, respectively. The findings clearly indicated that 150mg/kg b.w Spirulina powder had positive effect to increase the value of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in Group E (24.98%) rats compare to control group D rats. There were no significant differences in diet-1 groups' TC, TG and LDL-C of the groups of A (control- 01), B and C (p<0.05), although they varies statistically for HDL among these groups (p>0.05). On the other hand in diet-2 groups' TG, LDL and HDL of E groups of rats were significantly varies than control-2 groups of rats D ( p>0.05), although TC was not significant statistically (p<0.05). Keywords: High fat diet; Body weight (b.w); Hypercholesterolemia; Hypolipidaemic; Spirulina platensis. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i3.6533Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(3), 249-254, 2010
Ageing and Growth Records of Anabas testudineus (Bloch) (Anabantidae : Perciformes)
Authors: Nargis A
Published: November 2010

Observations on otoliths of 115 males and 67 females of 1-11 age group have shown that the transparent (hyaline) and opaque rings are formed annually on the Anabas testudineus otolith. The validity of the otolith study has been confirmed by obtaining high co- efficient of correlation (0.94 and 0.93) between total length (TL) and otolith (OR) of 337 males and 387 females of A. testudineus. But the significant differences (t=15.80, D. F=722; P < 0.001) between the sexes have indicated the use of length intercept separately for back calculation for males and females. Growth rate for females (k=0.174, L=237.12) was found to grow faster than that of males (k=0.182, L=18). From the age length distribution it is inferred that on an average, lengths of 105.30±3.98, 122.56±5.22, 143.24 ±5.66 for males and 106.70±5.17, 127.81±5.20 and 145.59±5.42 for females are attained by the species in the respective ages of 3 years of their life spans . Keywords: Growth rate; Stractures of fish; Rapid metabolism DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i3.6539Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(3), 283-287, 2010
The lin-4 Gene Controls Fat Accumulation and Longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhu Chun , Ji Chen-Bo , Zhang Chun-Mei , Gao Chun-Lin , Zhu Jin-Gai , Qin Da-Ni , Kou Chun-Zhao , Zhu Guan-Zhong , Shi Chun-Mei , Guo Xi-Rong
Published: November 2010

Previous studies have determined that lin-4, which was the first miRNA to be discovered, controls the timing of cell fate determination and life span in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the mechanism of lin-4 involvement in these processes remains poorly understood. Fat storage is an essential aspect of the life cycle of organisms, and the function of lin-4 in fat accumulation is not clear. In this study, we showed that the fat content is reduced remarkably in C. elegans lin-4 mutants. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed a considerable decrease in the levels of SBP-1 and OGA-1 mRNA in lin-4 mutants. We also showed that lin-4 mutants have a significantly shorter life span than wild-type worms. DCF assay experiments showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number decreased in loss-of-function lin-4 mutants. These mutants also showed attenuation of locomotion. Taken together, our findings suggest that lin-4 may play an important role in regulating fat accumulation and locomotion and that lin-4 may control the life span of C. elegans by mediating ROS production.
Probing the Nanodomain Origin and Phase Transition Mechanisms in (Un)Poled PMN-PT Single Crystals and Textured Ceramics
Authors: Slodczyk Aneta , Colomban Philippe
Published: November 2010

Outstanding electrical properties of solids are often due to the composition heterogeneity and/or the competition between two or more sublattices. This is true for superionic and superprotonic conductors and supraconductors, as well as for many ferroelectric materials. As in PLZT ferroelectric materials, the exceptional ferro- and piezoelectric properties of the PMN-PT ((1−x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3−xPbTiO3) solid solutions arise from the coexistence of different symmetries with long and short scales in the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region. This complex physical behavior requires the use of experimental techniques able to probe the local structure at the nanoregion scale. Since both Raman signature and thermal expansion behavior depend on the chemical bond anharmonicity, these techniques are very efficient to detect and then to analyze the subtitle structural modifications with an efficiency comparable to neutron scattering. Using the example of poled (field cooling or room temperature) and unpoled PMN-PT single crystal and textured ceramic, we show how the competition between the different sublattices with competing degrees of freedom, namely the Pb-Pb dominated by the Coulombian interactions and those built of covalent bonded entities (NbO6 and TiO6), determine the short range arrangement and the outstanding ferro- and piezoelectric properties.
Broad-Scale Environmental Conditions Responsible for Post-Fire Vegetation Dynamics
Authors: Casady Grant M. , Marsh Stuart E.
Published: November 2010

Ecosystem response to disturbance is influenced by environmental conditions at a number of scales. Changes in climate have altered fire regimes across the western United States, and have also likely altered spatio-temporal patterns of post-fire vegetation regeneration. Fire occurrence data and a vegetation index (NDVI) derived from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) were used to monitor post-fire vegetation from 1989 to 2007. We first investigated differences in post-fire rates of vegetation regeneration between ecoregions. We then related precipitation, temperature, and elevation records at four temporal scales to rates of post-fire vegetation regeneration to ascertain the influence of climate on post-fire vegetation dynamics. We found that broad-scale climate factors are an important influence on post-fire vegetation regeneration. Most notably, higher rates of post-fire regeneration occurred with warmer minimum temperatures. Increases in precipitation also resulted in higher rates of post-fire vegetation growth. While explanatory power was slight, multiple statistical approaches provided evidence for real ecological drivers of post-fire regeneration that should be investigated further at finer scales. The sensitivity of post-disturbance vegetation dynamics to climatic drivers has important ramifications for the management of ecosystems under changing climatic conditions. Shifts in temperature and precipitation regimes are likely to result in changes in post-disturbance dynamics, which could represent important feedbacks into the global climate system.
Tularemia in Bulgaria 2003-2004
Authors: Komitova Radka , Nenova Rumiana , Padeshki Plamen , Ivanov Ivan , Popov Vassil , Petrov Petar
Published: November 2010

Introduction: Tularemia is an uncommon but potentially fatal zoonosis. А second outbreak of tularemia in Bulgaria, about 40 years after the first, occurred in 1997 in two western regions, near the Serbian border. In 2003 tularemia reemerged in the same foci. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in a tularemia resurgence in the Slivnitza region in 2003-2004. Methodology: A total of 26 cases were evaluated. Using medical records, the following data were collected for all patients: symptoms, physical signs, and microbiology results of agglutination tests, cultures and PCR assays. Results: Twenty-four of 26 suspected tularemia patients were laboratory confirmed by agglutination test and/or culture. Fifteen (57.7%) patients had clinical presentation compatible with oropharyngeal, 8 (30.8%) with glandular, and 3 (11.5%) with oculoglandular tularemia. The most frequent symptoms were swollen neck (84.6%) and sore throat (76.9%). Lymphadenopathy (100%) was the most common finding. Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) was detected by PCR, providing a definitive diagnosis in 82.3% of the cases. All the patients were treated with antibiotics considered effective against F. tularensis; however, therapeutic failure was observed in 23.1% of the cases, which was related to a delay in the initiation of antibiotics. Conclusion: The tularemia outbreak in west Bulgaria near the Serbian border was probably food-borne, associated with a surge in the rodent population. The oropharyngeal form was the most common. Although the disease runs a benign course, late initiation of antimicrobial therapy might delay complete recovery.
Evaluation of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine in a vaccinated Nigerian population
Authors: Adoga Moses P. , Pennap Grace , Akande Becky O. , Mairiga Jamey P. , Pechulano Simon , Agwale Simon M.
Published: November 2010

Introduction: Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in 1986 and has gradually replaced the plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine. No published data are available on the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccines in Nigerians. The current study aimed to evaluate protective sero-conversion rates after vaccination with Shanvac-B rDNA hepatitis B vaccine in Nigerian subjects between January and September 2009. Methodology:  After having obtained informed consent and ethical clearance, 2 mL of blood were aseptically collected from each participant aged ≤ 50 years, one month after the first, second and third doses of the vaccine. Sera were separated into cryovials and frozen at -21oC until analysed for the detection of the protective antibody titre induction. Protective antibody titre was defined as a titre of ≥10 mIU/mL. Results: Of the 376 participants, 192 (51.1%) were males and 184 (48.9%) were females. A total of 144 subjects participated in the first-dose group, nine (6.3%) of whom developed protective antibody titre (8.3% of males and 4.2% of females). Of the 121 participants in the second-dose group, 108 (89.3%) developed protective antibody titre (98.3% of males and 80.3% of females), while of the 111 participants in the third-dose group, 100% protectively sero-converted. Males were more likely to develop protective antibody titre than females after the second dose (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This data provides additional evidence for the efficacy of Shanvac-B rDNA hepatitis B vaccine and the need to adhere to the recommended three-dose schedule to achieve full and lasting sero-protection among Nigerians.
Characterizing aquifers when using magnetic resonance sounding in a heterogeneous geomagnetic field
Authors: Vouillamoz J.M. , Legchenko A. , Nandagiri L.
Published: November 2010

It has previously been reported that the heterogeneity of the geomagnetic field disturbs the currently‐measured free induction decay signal of magnetic resonance sounding (MRS). To overcome the limitation of MRS in a non‐homogeneous geomagnetic field, we adapted the spin‐echo methodology usually used at the laboratory scale and in boreholes. We present examples of measurements carried out in a sandy aquifer in southern India. The 15–25 m thick sand deposit overlays a gneissic basement. Two sources of geomagnetic field heterogeneity have been identified at this site, both affecting the geomagnetic field within the sandy aquifer: the gneissic bedrock and an intruded dyke into the bedrock. Spin‐echo and free induction decay signals have been recorded at six locations. We found that the groundwater content, the thickness of the saturated aquifer and its transmissivity calculated with free induction decay measurements are underestimated compared to those derived from spin‐echo measurements. The closer to the dyke the higher the underestimation. Time‐domain electromagnetic measurements indicate that the aquifer is rather homogeneous at the site scale, as suggested by spin‐echo results. We also found that a small heterogeneity of the geomagnetic field can go unnoticed, thus leading to an unknown mis‐estimate of aquifer properties when using free induction decay measurements. Thus spin‐echo measurements can be used to improve the accuracy of aquifer characterization when using MRS in geological contexts where geomagnetic field heterogeneity exists.
Relative hydraulic conductivity and effective saturation from Earth’s field nuclear magnetic resonance – a method for assessing the vadose zone
Authors: Costabel Stephan , Yaramanci Ugur
Published: November 2010

Beside the water content, petrophysical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques in the lab and in boreholes as well as in the field, provide estimates of the hydraulic conductivity of water saturated sediments and rocks. In the vadose zone, the hydraulic conductivity is a function of the water saturation. Regarding the characterization of the vadose zone, the magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) method is expected to have great potential. However, so far, the petrophysical relationship of the hydraulic properties under partial saturation conditions and the NMR parameters in the Earth’s magnetic field is not fully understood. In this study, laboratory NMR experiments in the Earth’s field (EFNMR) are performed in comparison to conventional high field NMR (HFNMR). Sand‐filled columns were used to generate partially saturated conditions by simulating capillary fringes (grain sizes from fine to coarse). We investigate the ability of both NMR techniques to determine the residual water content and the dependency of the NMR relaxation times on the water saturation degree. We note that EFNMR measurements tend to underestimate the residual water content due to long measurement dead times. Furthermore, it shows that the HFNMR relaxation time , as a function of the saturation, behaves according to the Brooks‐Corey model that describes the water retention function and thus allows for the prediction of the relative hydraulic conductivity ,. The EFNMR relaxation time as a function of the saturation degree differs from the Brooks‐Corey expectation due to the influence of the dephasing relaxation rate that is, in general, responsible for the difference of and . We assume that the dephasing relaxation rate itself, when induced by internal magnetic field gradients, depends on the water saturation. We introduce a model that accounts for this dependency with a weighting factor for the dephasing relaxation rate, given as a power law of the saturation degree. The model enables the description of as a function of the water saturation and thus provides the estimation of from . We compare the NMR based predictions with the functions estimated from gravity induced outflow experiments at the columns. The results are in agreement within half a decade for every sand sample of the study. In principle, the suggested approach can be applied for estimating in situ by MRS measurements in the vadose zone. We discuss the potential and limitations of this approach for MRS.
Distinct Roles for the NK Cell-Activating Receptors in Mediating Interactions with Dendritic Cells and Tumor Cells
Authors: Wai Lu-En , Garcia Jordan A. , Martinez Olivia M. , Krams Sheri M.
Published: November 2010

NK cells are innate immune cells that are important in tumor immunity, but also have the ability to modulate the adaptive immune system through cytokine production or direct cell–cell interactions. This study investigates the interaction of NK cells with dendritic cells (DCs) and tumor cells, and the role of specific NK cell-activating receptors in this process. Primary rat NK cells and an NK cell line produced IFN-γ when cocultured with either DCs or the rat hepatoma cell line McA-RH7777 (McA). This NK cell activation by DCs and McA required cell-cell contact and was dependent on distinct NK-activating receptors. Silencing NK cell expression of NKp46 and NKp30 significantly diminished DC- and McA-mediated NK cell IFN-γ production, respectively. NK cells killed immature and mature DCs independently of NKp46, NKp30, and NKG2D; however, cytotoxicity against McA cells was dependent on NKp30 and NKG2D. Thus, we have shown in this study that NKp30 plays dual activating roles in NK–McA tumor interactions by mediating cytokine production and cytotoxicity. More importantly, NK cells are activated by both DCs and hepatoma cells to produce IFN-γ, but require distinct NK cell-activating receptors, NKp46 and NKp30, respectively. Our data suggest that therapeutics could be developed specifically to target NK–DC interactions without compromising NK tumor immunity.
THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY IN HAEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANTATION:AN UPDATE
Authors: Stavrou Evi , Lazarus Hillard Michael
Published: November 2010

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) represents a vital procedure for patients with various hematologic conditions. Despite advances in the field, HCT carries significant morbidity and mortality. A rare but potentially devastating complication is transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA). In contrast to idiopathic TTP, whose etiology is attributed to deficient activity of ADAMTS13, (a member of the A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin 1 repeats family of metalloproteases), patients with TA-TMA have > 5% ADAMTS13 activity. Pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with TA-TMA, include loss of endothelial cell integrity induced by intensive conditioning regimens, immunosuppressive therapy, irradiation, infections and graft-versus-host (GVHD) disease. The reported incidence of TA-TMA ranges from 0.5% to 75%, reflecting the difficulty of accurate diagnosis in these patients. Two different groups have proposed consensus definitions for TA-TMA, yet they fail to distinguish the primary syndrome from secondary causes such as infections or medication exposure. Despite treatment, mortality rate in TA-TMA ranges between 60% to 90%. The treatment strategies for TA-TMA remain challenging. Calcineurin inhibitors should be discontinued and replaced with alternative immunosuppressive agents.  Daclizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-CD25 antibody, has shown promising results in the treatment of TA-TMA. Rituximab or the addition of defibrotide, have been reported to induce remission in this patient population. In general, plasma exchange is not recommended.
Geology of McBride map-area, British Columbia
Authors: Campbell R B , Mountjoy E , Young F G
Published: November 2010

McBride map-area, about 5,800 square miles in east-central British Columbia, includes parts of the Interior Plateau, Cariboo Mountains, Rocky Mountain Trench, Rocky Mountains, and Foothills. About 25,000 feet of Proterozoic (Windermere) and Lower Cambrian strata
can be correlated in some detail from Rocky to Cariboo Mountains. The precision of the correlation, based partly on lithologic similarities, depends primarily on the obvious equivalence of the fossiliferous Lower Cambrian carbonate (Mural Formation) in each sequence. The stratigraphy above the Lower
Cambrian differs sharply from one side of the Trench to the other. In Rocky Mountains carbonate-shale Cambro-Ordovician sequence, much like that at Mount Robson, becomes shaly near the Trench where overlying Silurian strata include volcanic rocks. The Upper Devonian to Permian and Mesozoic
sedimentary rocks of the Front Range and Foothills are similar to those of the well-known Jasper-Banff region. West of the Trench Lower Cambrian beds pass upward to a Middle (?) and Upper Cambrian shale sequence that is unconformably overlain by Lower Devon ion and (?) younger sedimentary rocks
which in turn lie discordantly below conglomerate and basaltic pillow lava at least partly of Lower Mississippian age. These are followed by unconformably overlying Upper Triassic (?) phyllite and shale. The Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic volcanic rocks of the Interior Plateau are just west of
the map-area.
Minor dykes and sills and a small body of serpentinite are the only known intrusive rocks in the map-area. Typical Rocky Mountain thrust faults are confined to the eastern Main Ranges, Front Ranges, and Foothills. Farther west in Rocky Mountains and also west of the Trench
folding is prominent and recognizable faults are steeply dipping. In Cariboo Mountains folds in structurally deep beds apparently upward to a highly faulted and little folded terrain. To date the only significant mineral production was from the gold placer and lode deposits near Barkerville. The
Bowron River coal deposits have been extensively explored. SmalI copper showings are known near Dome Creek.
Anomalous molybdenum in stream sediments and soils in the vicinity of the Nicholas Denys granite, Bathurst area, New Brunswick
Authors: Tauchid M
Published: November 2010

Stream sediments and soils in the area of the Nicholas Denys granite show higher than normal concentrations of molybdenum and other heavy metals. The se occurrences may result from mineralized zones in the contact zone of the granite and perhaps also in the
granite itself.
The Wilkie Point group [lower-upper jurassic], Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Islands
Authors: Embry A F
Published: November 2010

The Wilkie Point Formation, a Lower-Upper Jurassic sandstone-dominant unit in the Sverdrup Basin, is herein raised to group status. Four new formations are recognized within the group. These new formations are formally defined herein and, in ascending order are:
Jameson Bay, Sandy Point, McConnell Island and Hiccles Cove. The Jameson Bay and McConnell Island formations comprise mainly shale and siltstone of offshore marine shelf origin. The Sandy Point and Hiccles Cove consist predominantly of very fine- to medium-grained sandstone of nearshore to
strandplain origin. The Jameson Bay Formation is divided into three members that are formally defined herein. In ascending order these members are named Intrepid Inlet, Cape Canning and Snowpatch.
A standardized coal resource/reserve reporting system for Canada
Authors: Hughes J D , Klatzel-Mudry L , Nikols D J
Published: November 2010

This report discusses definitions, concepts and parameters used to determine coal resource and reserve quantities, and provides a framework to facilitate consistent categorization of coal quantities found within various depositional and tectonic regimes in
Canada. Coal deposits, or portions thereof, are first categorized in terms of their geological complexity (Geology Type), and probable recovery method (Deposit Type). Methods for determining quantification parameters including seam thickness, areal extent and bulk density are outlined for each
geology/deposit category. Within each geology/deposit category, coal resources are further divided, based on their assurance of existence, into measured, indicated, inferred and speculative subdivisions and, according to their feasibility of exploitation, into immediate and future interest
subdivisions. Coal reserves within each geology/deposit category are subdivided according to whether they are within or outside active mining areas, and may be reported on in place, recoverable and saleable bases. A wide cross-section of the coal industry in Canada contributed to the development of
this reporting system. To ensure that the parameters and concepts expressed in the system continue to reflect technological and economic realities in the future, the Coal Association of Canada has established a committee to facilitate periodic reviews.
Regional organic metamorphism in the mesozoic strata of the Sverdrup basin
Authors: Snowdon L R , Roy K J
Published: November 2010

Interpretation has been made of the level of organic metamorphism and the nature of the associated hydrocarbons at three stratigraphic levels of the Mesozoic section of the Sverdrup Basin in the Canadian Arctic Islands (Fig 22). The organically mature zone or oil
window as determinned by cuttings gas anallyses falls between 6,500 feet and 11,000 feet of maximum burial below the base of the Tertiary. Potential reservoir rocks including the Isachsen, Heiberg, and Bjorne sandstones lie in juxtaposition to mature shales in different areas of the
basin.
Lithoprobe seismic reflection profiles from southeastern Vancouver Island
Authors: Green A , Clowes R , Yorath C
Published: November 2010

As part of the national LITHOPROBE Program, approximately 205 km of deep seismic reflection data were recorded along four lines on southeastern Vancouver Island. The data were generated using the Vibroseis technique. Information presented in this report should be
sufficient to allow interested parties to interpret independently the seismic reflection data. Included are (i) a simplified geologic map of southeastern Vancouver Island, (ii) line drawings of the unmigrated seismic reflections, (iii) the unmigrated seismic reflection sections plotted at a
horizontal scale of 36 traces/inch and a vertical scale of 1.875 inches/second, (iv) the line locations on 1:50,000 topographie maps and (v) an extensive reference list of relevant geological and geophysical papers.
1985 Ice Island Refraction Survey: Phase I Report
Authors: Asudeh I , Forsyth D A , Jackson H R , Stephenson R , White D
Published: November 2010

The April 1985 Ice Island seismic refraction survey included five reversed profiles parallel and perpendicular to the polar continental margin northwest of Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands. A total of 31 shots into 61 deployments of recorders yielded 300 km of
refraction line with an effective receiver spacing of 2.5 km. Transformation of the field data to workable formats is now completed and plots of the water wave and crustal seismic data are presented in this volume. Spectral studies of test shots fired into different configurations of geophone arrays
suggest that the number of geophones in each recording array may be reduced by 75 per cent for future surveys.
1986 Ice Island Refraction Survey, Phase I Report
Authors: Asudeh I , Forsyth D A , Jackson H R , Stephenson R , White D
Published: November 2010

The April 1986 Ice Island seismic refraction survey included four and one half reversed 120 km long profiles parallel and perpendicular to the polar continental margin northwest of Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands. A total of 35 shots into 850 deployments of
recorders yielded 540 km of refraction line with an effective receiver spacing of 2.5 km. Transformation of the field data to workable formats is now completed and plots of the water wave and crustal seismic data are presented in this volume. Test shots fired into different configurations of
geophone arrays suggest no significant difference in signal response for high signal to noise environments.
The Welsford Anorogenic Igneous Complex, southern New Brunswick: Rift-Related Acadian Magmatism
Authors: Payette C , Martin R F
Published: November 2010

An earthquake of M =6.8 [M =5.9] occurred on 28 February 2001 near Olympia, Washington, W L approximately 150 km SSE of Victoria and 235 km S of Vancouver. This earthquake, the largest in the area in more than 50 years, was a deep (52 km) normal-faulting event
that occurred within the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. It was felt strongly across southwestern British Columbia, and as far away as southeastern British Columbia and Banff, Alberta (700 km from the epicentre). This earthquake triggered strong motion instruments at 32 sites in southwestern British
Columbia, thus providing the largest single strong motion data set collected in this region to date. Peak horizontal ground accelerations ranged from 0.3%g to 3.5%g (2.9-34.2 cm/s2), at epicentral distances of 150-300 km. In this Open File we present time series plots of the acceleration,
velocity, and displacement data, as well as the Fourier spectra, and the Response spectra. Tabulated station parameters and peak accelerations are given together with maps of the network configurations showing the locations of triggered and untriggered instruments.
The 1988 Saguenay Earthquake - a Site Visit Report
Authors: Mitchell D , Tinawi R , Law T
Published: November 2010

The occurrence of the November 25, 1988 Saguenay earthquake prompted a site­visit by two structural engineers and one geotechnical engineer representing the Canadian National Committee on Earthquake Engineering. This report contains some preliminary information
on the ground motion records (obtained by the Geological Survey of Canada), subsoil conditions, geotechnical observations and both architectural and structural damage. The significant role played by the soft subsoil regions in different parts of the province is clearly illustrated. The poor
performance of unreinforced masonry, in many structures, is discussed. The susceptibility of embankments to stability failures was clearly demonstrated by several slope failures. The report concludes with warnings to the engineering profession and to government agencies over the abundance of
unreinforced masonry, particularly in hospitals and schools. There is a very real possibility that this brittle form of construction could lead to severe damage or collapse resulting in loss in future seismic events of equal or greater magnitude.
Gravity Studies At the Lemieux Dome, Gaspe, Quebec
Authors: McNeice G W , Boerner D E , Kurtz R D , Jones A
G
Published: November 2010

As part of the Federal Gaspé and Lower St. Lawrence Geoscience Program, 83 gravity observations were recorded in August 1988 in the Lemieux Dome region of Gaspé Peninsula, Québec. This survey was designed to aid in the determination of the
structure and minerai potential of the first 1000 meters of bedrock. Digital elevation information was used to perform high quality topographie corrections and existing regional gravity observations were used to separate regional and residual components of the gravity field. _The new Bouguer anomaly
data and contour plots of the Bouguer and residual anomalies are presented in this open file, while the regional data are available from the G.S.C. Geophysical Data Centre.
New Focal Mechanisms For eastern Canada
Authors: Adams J
Published: November 2010

Using P-wave polarities, Sv /P amplitude ratios where necessary, and the program FOCMEC, I have determined the focal mechanisms of 20 recent earthquakes (1986-1989) in eastern Canada including the magnitude 6 Saguenay and Ungava earthquakes. The mecha­nisms
confirm that thrust or thrust/strike-slip faulting is dominant in eastern Canada, and in the southeast are in response to roughly east-northeast oriented compression. New evi­dence is presented that suggests a regime of north-south compression in the Labrador Sea - Ungava region. The type of
faulting and the strike of the derived nodal planes provide valuable insights into the seismotectonics of eastern Canada.
Zones of Earthquake Occurrence: Examination of Seismic Source Zone Boundaries in the Ottawa Valley and South of the St. Lawrence Valley, Including northeastern United States
Authors: Stevens A E
Published: November 2010

This report documents present knowledge of earthquake patterns in and near two of the Canadian earthquake source zones (WQU and NAP) that had been previously defined in 1982 from data available to 1977. Earthquakes to the end of 1990 are analyzed using epicentre
maps for various ranges of years and magnitudes. The .monitoring ability of the seismograph network in eastern Canada is displayed on station maps for selected years. Data analysis for the 1980s was limited by incomplete databases of American earthquakes. The report demonstrates that caution should
be exercised when interpreting seismicity patterns in eastern Canada, as some apparent patterns may be artifacts of uneven monitoring in space as well as in time. Modifications are suggested to the boundaries and related parameters of the Western Québec (WQU) and Northern Appalachian (NAP)
source zones. However, no drastic changes are proposed, not because the 1982 values have proven to be "correct", but because their uncertainties are not significantly reduced by addition of more recent data (1978 to 1990). The southern boundary of the WQU is moved about 100 km further south to
43° N latitude. The 1982 NAP boundaries are modified to insert a narrow sector of reduced activity between them and the WQU, and also to include those parts of New England arbitrarily excluded in 1982. The modified zone is renamed the New England-New Brunswick earthquake source zone (NE-NB).
The database within the two zones is considered complete down to M 2.5 between 1981 and 1990 for the WQU, and between 1982 and 1990 for the Canadian sections of the NE-NB. Seismograph station closures would raise this magnitude level for subsequent years. The completeness level M 2.5 does not extend
north of the WQU. Also, for most of the American portions of the NE-NB, the data base in the computerized American catalogues examined is not complete below M 3.0. The parameter Mx remains at 7.0 for the modified WQU source zone but increases from 6.0 to 6.5 for the NE-NB source zone. Earthquake
source zone boundaries to be chosen in 1992 as a basis for revised seismic zoning maps for Canada may differ from those proposed in this report.
A Compilation of Canadian Relative Sea - Level Data For Use in Constraining Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Models
Authors: Tushingham A M
Published: November 2010

Because of the large mass of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Canada has experienced and continues to experience the largest postglacial vertical motion in the world. As relative sea-level histories record the motion, it was deemed desirable to collect together a large
number of Canadian relative sea-level histories in a single source. In ail, 115 sites at which relative sea-level data have been collected are compiled in this work. Radiocarbon techniques and geological evidence for relict shorelines are briefly reviewed.
Une étude minéralogique de la fraction lourde des dépôts de surface du sud-est de la Gaspésie, Québec (SNRC 22A/2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
Authors: Maurice Y T
Published: November 2010

Ce dossier public contient les résultats d'une étude minéralogique de la fraction lourde des dépôts de surface du sud-est de la Gaspésie. Le secteur échantillonné est d'environ 4300 km2; il .s'étend de New-Richmond
à Percé, et de la Baie des Chaleurs jusqu'à envirnn une dizaine de kilomètres au nord de la Faille du Grand Pabos. Au total, 314 concentrés de minéraux lourds ont subi un examen minutieux à la loupe binoculaire, suppléé d'analyses aux rayons-X et à
la microsonde. Les résultats sont présentés sous forme d'une série de cartes montrant la répartition des teneurs semi-quantitatives de divers minéraux facilement identifiables à la loupe binoculaire: la barytine, les grenats, les pyroxènes, la magnétite,
l'épidote et plusieurs mrneraux indicateurs de minéralisation, tels les sulfures, les minéraux secondaires (surtout de plomb et de cuivre) et l'or natif. Quoique l'objectif primaire de ce travail était d'identifier des assemblages minéralogiques propices à la
présence de minéralisation, les cartes présentent de nouvelles données qui pem1ettent d'approfondir les connaissances actuelles au sujet des mouvements glaciaires dans cette partie de la Gaspésie ainsi que sur les environnements de déposition des strates du Groupe de
Chaleurs à 1 'époque siluro-dévonienne. Parmi les nouvelles cibles d'exploration, les plus intéressantes sont les concentrations élevées de barytine dans la région de Port-Daniel et de Grande-Rivière - Anse-à-Beaufils; les concen
Seismographs for historic Canadian earthquakes: the 18 November 1929 Grand Banks earthquake
Authors: Bent A L
Published: November 2010

For those who are interested in studying historical earthquakes, collecting the data often proves to be the most difficult and most time consuming aspect of the project. For the 1929 (Ms 7.2) Grand Banks earthquake, records from 46 seismograph stations have been
assembled by past and present seismologists at the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) in Ottawa. This paper catalogs the data set, and briefly describes the seismograms in the collection to assist those who may study this earthquake in the near or distant future. Many of the body waves and some of
the surface waves have been digitized for a waveform analysis study; these data files may be obtained from the GSC.
Diamond exploration techniques emphasising indicator mineral geochemistry and Canadian examples
Authors: Fipke C E , Gurney J J , Moore R O
Published: November 2010

The vast Canadian Shield and adjacent areas underlain by cratonic rocks represent a highly prospective geological environment for diamonds. This has recently been demonstrated by the discovery of what appears to be a world-class diamondiferous kimberlite province
in the Lac de Gras area of the Northwest Territories. The Lac de Gras discovery, together with others in Saskatchewan, Ontario and Quebec, resulted in a boom in diamond exploration activity in Canada on a massive scale.

A brief overview of the petrology of kimberlites and lamproites and the genesis of diamonds is presented before reviewing exploration techniques. Indicator mineral geochemistry was central to the exploration program which led to the discovery of the first kimberlite in the Northwest Territories, and
in this report major emphasis is placed on the use of indicator minerals both as pathfinders to kimberlites and as a means of evaluating the diamond potential of exploration targets. Techniques involving the use of both major and trace element geochemistry are evaluated. The indicator mineral
geochemistry results from a study of 18 localities investigated in a Geological Survey of Canada funded research project completed in 1989 are discussed. Since conventional indicator mineral techniques are not always applicable to lamproite exploration, alternative pathfinder minerals also have been
reviewed.
Sensitivity of the coasts of Canada to sea-level rise
Authors: Shaw J , Taylor R B , Forbes D L , Ruz M
H , Solomon S
Published: November 2010

An objective method is used to evaluate the sensitivity of Canadian coasts to a rise in sea level of 0.65 m by the end of next century. Based on the assumption that the intensity of impact is related to seven quantifiable variables - relief, geology, coastal
landform, coastal retreat rate, sea-level trend, wave energy, and tidal range - a dimensionless index is determined for each of 2899 NTS map sheets (1:50 000 scale) that include parts of Canada's coast. Scores range from 0.8 to 57, with a mean of 5.1, and a strong mode between 2 and 4. Areas of low
sensitivity (scores below 5) constitute 67% of the total, of moderate sensitivity (scores of 5 - 15) make up 30%, and of high sensitivity, only 3%. No large areas are susceptible to catastrophic inundation by the sea but any sea-level rise would cause an increase in the rates of change.
The most sensitive region includes much of the coasts of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick. The major impacts would be higher rates of coastal erosion and retreat. Only small parts of the coast would be permanently submerged. Salt marshes would be subject to more frequent
inundation but would accrete sufficiently to keep pace with sea-level rise. New spits, beaches, and barriers could form in places. Many small settlements are in sensitive locations but impacts on the largest urban areas would be small.
The Pacific coast has low sensitivity overall, mainly due to a preponderance of high, rocky fiord and skerry shorelines. Areas of high sensitivity include the urbanized Fraser Delta and parts of Graham Island.
Most of the Arctic coast has low sensitivity. An increase in extent and duration of open water in summer would have a greater impact than sea-level rise. On the other hand, the coast of the Beaufort Sea in the Yukon and Northwest Territories is highly sensitive. Here anticipated impacts include more
rapid coastal retreat and an acceleration in the rate at which coastal freshwater lakes are breached and converted into brackish or saline coastal embayments. Accretion of marsh surfaces in the Beaufort Sea region may not keep pace with sea-level rise.
Due to simplifications in the methodology, numerous small areas of higher sensitivity are overlooked by the scoring system. Small- and medium-sized deltas, particularly in the Arctic, outside of regions of rapidly falling sea level, and strand plains and small salt marshes fall into this
category.
A preliminary report on amphibolite-facies, disseminated-replacement-style mineralization at the Madsen gold mine, Red Lake, Ontario
Authors: Dubé B , Balmer W , Sanborn-Barrie M , Skulski T , Parker J
Published: November 2010

Madsen is a disseminated stratabound gold deposit of replacement style located at the deformed unconformity between the Balmer and Confederation assemblages. The deposit comprises two main ore horizons (Austin and McVeigh), hosted by altered mafic volcaniclastic
rocks and by (massive and pillowed) basalt flows of the Balmer assemblage metamorphosed at amphibolite grade. A banded-laminated inner core of alteration hosts the ore and is surrounded by an aluminum-rich outer alteration. D1 is characterized by a bedding-parallel foliation and D2, the main phase,
is characterized by an S2 foliation, local sinistral shearing, and F2 folds. The alteration and mineralization have been deformed by the D2 structures. The deposit is early or pre-D2 and was formed between 2744 ± 1 Ma, the age of a quartz-feldspar porphyry, and 2699 ± 4, the age of a
post-ore dyke. Madsen shares some features analogous with higher temperature (400 to 600°C) gold deposits as well as gold skarns hosted by mafic rocks.
Reinterpretation and unrealized potential of the Meadowville sandstone zinc-lead occurrence, Pictou County, Nova Scotia
Authors: Chandler F W
Published: November 2010

The Meadowville disseminated zinc-lead occurrence lies in grey, plant debris-rich sandstone, the base of the late Carboniferous Boss Point Formation, overlying red granitic conglomerate of the Claremont Formation. At Meadowville (NTS 11E/10), as well as at the
Leitches Creek lead-zinc occurrence and the Yava lead-zinc deposit, underlying evaporite-bearing Canso and Windsor group rocks contain unconformities and faults. At Meadowville these discontinuities permit fluid access from underlying, potentially zinc-rich, mafic conglomerate and basalt.
Drilling down dip from Meadowville failed to discover significant base-metal sulphide mineralization. The hole was tentatively interpreted to cross the ore zone into the Claremont Formation. Reinterpretation of the core shows that the hole terminated in grey, intraformational conglomerate within the
Boss Point Formation, probably not reaching the mineralized zone.
Plant debris-rich sandstone unconformably overlying faulted evaporitic strata is a likely exploration guide for sandstone Pb-Zn deposits in late Carboniferous rocks of the Canadian Maritimes.
Electrical resistivity characteristics of mineralized and unmineralized rocks from Giant and Con mine areas, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
Authors: Connell S , Scromeda N , Katsube T J , Mwenifumbo J
Published: November 2010

Electrical characteristics have been determined for ten mineralized and nonmineralized rock samples from the Con and Giant mines, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. These samples represent the main lithologies present around the mineralized shear zones: sericite
schist, chlorite schist, chlorite-sericite schist, basalt, and gold-bearing ore. The purpose was to obtain information required to help develop exploration strategies.

Results indicate that mineralized to moderately mineralized rocks investigated in this study show electrical resistivities (rr) in the ranges of 37-130 ohm·m and 360-980 ohm·m, with electrical anisotropy (l) values in the range of 2:1 to 46:1. A clear relationship is seen between the
foliation and the electrical anisotropy in these samples. The rr for the poorly to nonmineralized rocks are in the range of 1500-24 000 ohm·m, with l values of 2:1 to 7:1.
Evidence for a Late Quaternary outburst flood event in the Georgia Basin, British Columbia
Authors: Conway K W , Barrie J V , Hebda R J
Published: November 2010

Coring of Late Quaternary sediments in the Georgia Basin has revealed stratigraphic and micropaleontological evidence of an outburst flood that deposited a clay layer over much of the seafloor of the Strait of Georgia. The flood originated in the Fraser Valley or
the British Columbia interior during deglaciation when an ice-dammed lake or lakes drained catastrophically. A reworked pollen assemblage contained within the clay unit has a source in the Fraser Valley or the British Columbia interior. The clay unit contains a characteristic grain-size signature,
sedimen- tary structures, and a radiocarbon chronology consistent with a rapidly deposited unit emplaced by a flood event. Diatom assemblages show that a markedly lower salinity of surface waters accompanied deposition. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the flood occurred between 9160 and 9800
radiocarbon years BP. The unit correlates well with a somewhat thicker deposit found at Ocean Drilling Program drilling sites in Saanich Inlet.
Magnetotelluric and teleseismic experiments as part of the Walmsley Lake project, Northwest Territories: experimental designs and preliminary results
Authors: Jones A G , Snyder D , Spratt J
Published: November 2010

The southeastern part of the Slave craton offers high potential for diamonds as well as possibly for base and pre- cious metals; however, the geology at the surface and geophysical properties at depth are poorly known compared to other parts of the craton,
notably the Lac de Gras region. The Walmsley Lake project addresses this deficiency with collocated bedrock, isotopic, and geophysical data acquisition. This paper describes the initiation of the deep geophysical component of the project, and presents the preliminary qualitative results of the data
from the magnetotelluric component. The main result at this early stage is the discovery of a large conductivity anomaly, likely within the Thelon-Talston magmatic zone, comparable to the North American Central Plains conductivity anomaly.