bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación y análisis sensorial en la reducción de porcentaje de azúcar en leches saborizadas de consumo popular, mediante la reformulación de las mismas
Authors: Mejía Portillo José Miguel , Ventura Villegas Franklin Kennedy , Alvarado Martínez Felipe Javier
Published: November 2019

La leche saborizada es uno de los productos lácteos más consumidos en El Salvador; sin embargo, por el alto contenido de azúcar, es un alimento perjudicial para el consumidor. Ante esto, se desarrolló una alternativa de formulación y producción de leche saborizada con bajo contenido de azúcar. Se trabajaron tres fórmulas de leche saborizada (chocolate, fresa y caramelo) usando diferentes porcentajes de agua, suero dulce, azúcar, estabilizante y saborizante. Se encontró que las leches que tenían un mayor porcentaje de suero dulce requerían menos cantidad de azúcar en comparación a aquellas que en su formulación llevan menos porcentaje de suero dulce. Las variables que se midieron fueron porcentaje de azúcar, porcentaje de suero dulce y aceptación del producto. La alternativa de un producto con bajo porcentaje de azúcar genera un incremento en la productividad del sector lechero, ofreciendo al consumidor un valor agregado, al ser considerarlo un producto saludable en comparación a la leche saborizada tradicional; además de postularse como una oportunidad de nuevos negocios y mercados. El objetivo principal de la investigación fue brindar alternativas en la reducción de azúcar en leche saborizada de consumo popular. Para ello se desarrollaron diferentes procesos de leche saborizada, utilizando porcentajes de edulcorantes diferentes para estandarizar fórmulas con leches saborizadas que mantuvieran el sabor característico y con menos porcentajes de azúcar. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la aceptación por parte de los consumidores teniendo estas una reducción del 15% de contenido calórico en los productos propuestos, en comparación con las leches de mayor consumo; estos resultados son de beneficio para la salud de los consumidores.
Red Dog, Alaska
Authors: Koehler George F. , Tikkanen George D.
Published: November 2019

Red Dog is a world-class zinc-lead-silver deposit, with current geologic reserves of 85 million tons of 17 percent Zn, 5 percent Pb, and 2.4 oz Ag per ton. It is located above the Arctic circle in northwestern Alaska, 90 mi north of Kotzebue.

The partially exposed deposit is a shale-hosted, strata-bound accumulation of base metal sulfides, barite, and silica of high grade and large extent. It is now approximately flat lying, with an areal extent of 4,400 by 1,400 ft and a thickness of up to 500 ft.

During regional mapping of the western Brooks Range in 1968, the U. S. Geological Survey discovered zinc, lead, silver, and barite mineralization in a discolored area reported by a local bush pilot. The showings were included in a wilderness study withdrawal in 1971; contractor evaluation of this area under the direction of the U. S. Bureau of Mines identified and reported the deposit in 1975. Cominco geologists working in the region quickly mobilized to examine the area and immediately recognized its significance.

The positive report by an experienced geologic staff carried great weight within Cominco and was the key action which led to a corporate team effort involving Cominco’s geologic staff, management, and financial, legal, and chief executive officers. This eventually resulted in acquisition of the mining rights and the current development of what will soon be one of the world’s largest zinc-lead-silver producers.
A Case History of the Development of the Misima Gold-Silver Mine, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Wilson G. I. , Barwick R. C.
Published: November 2019

The development of a major open-pit mining operation at the epithermal Umuna gold-silver deposit, Misima Island, Papua New Guinea, by Misima Mines Pty. Ltd. was the culmination of over 80 years of prospecting and mining ventures by a wide variety of individuals and mining companies.

The Umuna deposit was located by traditional prospecting methods in 1904. The deposit was first sluiced and then its high-grade component, the Umuna lode, was developed as a small underground mine, which was run successfully by F. W. Cuthbert from 1927 until 1942, when World War II forced its closure. This resulted in the collapse of mine workings, and no serious mining was possible in the immediate postwar period.

Systematic modern exploration by a number of mining companies began in 1959, initially to continue exploration for extensions of high-grade ore by underground mining but, when this was unsuccessful, to pursue general exploration of eastern Misima Island. The latter work resulted in the location of a subeconomic copper porphyry system, which may be genetically related to the epithermal Umuna gold-silver mineralization.

It was not until 1977 that serious exploration of the Umuna deposit, based on the concept of bulk open-pit mining of the deposit, commenced in a joint venture between R. P. Macnab and Placer (PNG) Pty. Ltd. The work revealed a unique combination of geologic and physical factors that allowed development of a 15,000-metric tons-of-ore-per-day open-pit operation, which commenced in May 1989.

This case history briefly describes the geology, mineralization, and historical development of the Umuna deposit and the process of feasibility study and negotiation with the government of Papua New Guinea which led to a mining development agreement and the grant of a special mining lease.
Copper-Nickel Sulfide Ore-Bearing Formations
Authors: Duzhikov O.A. , Distler V. V. , Strunin B. M. , Cherman M.L. , Sluzhenikin S.F.
Published: November 2019

The sulfide copper-nickel deposits of the Noril’sk region (Noril’sk I, Talnakh, Octyabrskaya) were formed during the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic episode of basaltic extrusion. Spatially and genetically they are related to a group of ultramafic/mafic layered intrusions, and they consist of different types of ores that were formed at different stages. The history of the study of the Noril ‘sk deposits can be considered as a half-century succession of discussions devoted to the source of the ore materials and to the conditions of formation of the mineralization. The most reliable genetic hypothesis is that of the primary magmatic nature of the ore formation as originally proposed by V.K. Kotulsky and M.N. Godlevsky.

The copper-nickel deposits of the Noril’sk region are attributed to the development of a volcanic-intrusive ore-magmatic association. On the basis of their overall geologic-petrologic characteristics and structural-tectonic setting [28], these deposits can be regarded as an independent event. The major distinguishing characteristic of these deposits is the interconnected development of the ultramafic/mafic and similar (with respect to composition) komatiitic volcanic rocks and layered intrusive complexes which contain disseminated and massive copper-nickel mineralization. The deposits were formed at particular stages in the development of cratons and ancient platforms, and they occur in regions of intercontinental rifting. The major ore-bearing locations in the greenstone belts of Archean cratons (such as Wiluna-Norseman in Australia, the Rhodesian craton in Zimbabwe etc.), the deposits of the Pechenga ore-bearing region in the Pechenga-Imandra-Varzuga belt of the Baltic shield; and the Noril’sk ore-bearing
Porphyry Copper Ore Formation
Authors: Strunin B.M. , Distler V.V. , Mkrtychyan A.K.
Published: November 2019

Porphyry copper mineralization in the Noril’sk region is an unusual example of the occurrence of this ore type within an ancient platform. Such a spatial setting of these deposits makes one cautious in interpreting the tectonic regime of the boundary portion of the platform, because the majority of porphyry., copper deposits are characterized by certain specific types of geological-tectonic setting [69, 107]. We have already mentioned the important contribution of the tectono-magmatic activity of the platform in the distribution of the endogenic mineralization in the northwestern part of the Siberian platform. However the rifting nature of this activity, with the extensive development of ore deposits related to basic magmatism, is also not typical of porphyry copper deposits, although some scientists believe that these deposits are related to trap magmatism. This point of view is based on the fact that granitoid rocks, which are part of the rock sequences of the layered massifs, are widespread in the upper near-contact zones of some ultramafic/mafic intrusions.

Thus the study of the structure and the systematics of the localization of the porphyry copper deposits in the Noril’sk region is of utmost importance, not only for the interpretation of this type of mineralization but also for understanding the overall development of the whole region.

The Bolgokhtokhsky massif was discovered as a result of exploration in 1965. The first information was published by M.Z. Komarova [65], who demonstrated its similarity with certain small intrusions of Southern Taimyr. Later, the author continued a study on the
Costs and Outcomes of Medicare Advantage and Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Yayac Michael F. , Harrer Samantha L. , Janiec David A. , Courtney P. Maxwell
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Medicare Advantage (MA) has increased popularity among eligible participants by providing additional benefits from a private insurer, but these plans are omitted from several government cost savings programs, including bundled payment models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether 90-day episode-of-care (EOC) costs and outcomes were different for patients with MA plans undergoing total joint arthroplasty compared with traditional Medicare patients.

Methods:

We reviewed claims data for a consecutive series of patients undergoing primary total hip and knee arthroplasty from 2015 to 2018 at our institution with traditional Medicare coverage or MA through a single private insurer. Demographics, comorbidities, 90-day costs, readmissions, complications, and discharge disposition were compared between the groups. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the independent effect of insurance status on EOC costs and outcomes.

Results:

Of the 10,869 patients in the study, 1,076 (9.9%) were covered under an MA plan. MA patients were more likely to be discharged to a rehabilitation facility (19% versus 14%, P < 0.0001). No significant differences were observed in length of stay (1.88 versus 1.88 days, P = 0.1439), complications (3.9% versus 3.5%, P = 0.4554), or readmissions (5.9% versus 4.9%, P = 0.1893). EOC costs were significantly higher for the MA group ($21,347 versus $19,551, P < 0.0001).

Discussion:

Patients with MA have higher total EOC costs than traditional Medicare beneficiaries with comparable short-term outcomes after total hip and knee arthroplasty. Further study is needed to determine whether alternative payment models in MA patients can improve care and reduce costs.
A A Canadian consensus forum on the management of patients with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Saad Fred , Canil Christina , Finelli Antonio , Hotte Sebastien J. , Malone Shawn , Shayegan Bobby , So Alan I. , Aaron Lorne , Basappa Naveen S. , Conter Henry J. , Danielson Brita , Gotto Geoffrey , Hamilton Robert J. , Izard Jason P. , Kapoor Anil , Kolinsky Michael , Lalani Aly-Khan A. , Lattouf Jean-Baptiste , Morash Christopher , Morgan Scott C. , Niazi Tamim , Noonan Krista L. , Ong Michael , Rendon Ricardo A. , Sehdev Sandeep , Hew Huong , Park-Wyllie Laura , Chi` Kim N.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The management of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) continues to evolve with the emergence of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. As a result, there are multiple areas in this landscape with a lack of high-level evidence to guide practice. Consensus initiatives are an approach to establishing practice guidance in areas where evidence is unclear. We conducted a Canadian-based consensus forum to address key controversial areas in the management of advanced PCa.

Methods: As part of a modified Delphi process, a core scientific group of PCa physicians (n=8) identified controversial areas for discussion and developed an initial set of questions, which were then reviewed and finalized with a larger group of 29 multidisciplinary PCa specialists. The main areas of focus were non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), oligometastatic prostate cancer, genetic testing in prostate cancer, and imaging in advanced prostate cancer. The predetermined threshold for consensus was set at 74% (agreement from 20 of 27 participating physicians).

Results: Consensus participants included uro-oncologists (n=13), medical oncologists (n=10), and radiation oncologists (n=4). Of the 64 questions, consensus was reached in 30 questions (n=5 unanimously). Consensus was more common for questions related to biochemical recurrence, sequencing of therapies, and mCRPC.

Conclusions: A Canadian consensus forum in PCa identified areas of agreement in nearly 50% of questions discussed. Areas of variability may represent opportunities for further research, education, and sharing of best practices. These findings reinforce the value of multidisciplinary consensus initiatives to optimize patient care.
Incorporation of Multi-Strain Probiotic Preparation in a Traditional Brazilian Cheese: Effects on Microbiological Safety and Bacterial Community
Authors: Pehrson Moysés Estevão de S. F. , Souza Viviane Lívia C. , Mancilha Ismael M.
Published: November 2019

Consumer preference for raw milk cheeses has increased in the past few years. This occurred partly due to their more diverse, enjoyable characteristics, but also due to claims that certain members of the autochthonous microbiota of milk can be beneficial to human health. These microorganisms can inhibit the growth of undesirable microorganisms and may also be used to establish a biogeographic identity for these products. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a multi-strain probiotic preparation on the microbiological safety and composition of bacterial community of a traditional Brazilian raw milk cheese by means of culture dependent and methods and pyrosequencing. Probiotic enriched cheeses presented an average of 50% less sequence reads belonging to Enterobacteriaceae than control cheeses. Total and thermotolerant coliforms cell viability decreased throughout ripening in two seasons (summer and autumn), while in the winter the presence of these microorganisms was negligible since the beginning of ripening. Results obtained through culture dependent method did not correlate with culture independent method, which pointed to a relatively constant number of Enterobacteriaceae reads during ripening. Viable cells of coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus stayed within legal limits in both groups of cheeses since the first day and decreased to zero at the 15th day in probiotic enriched cheeses. Salmonella sp. and Listeria sp. were absent in both control and probiotic groups. Our results support that enriching raw milk cheeses with probiotic bacteria or other bioprotective bacteria may help mitigate off flavors produced by Enterobacteriaceae and result in safer products by inhibiting the growth of these microorganisms, while maintaining the microbial diversity that may be beneficial to sensory profiles and health-promoting characteristics. We also showed that this traditional cheese, if made under right the conditions, can meet legal parameters in much less than 60 days of ripening.
On the Eve of Web-Harvesting and Web-Archiving for Libraries in Greece
Authors: Bottis Maria , Papadopoulos Marinos , Zampakolas Christos , Ganatsiou Paraskevi
Published: November 2019

On the Eve of Web-Harvesting and Web-Archiving for Libraries in Greece

This conference paper submitted on the occasion of the 8th International Conference on Information Law and Ethics (University of Antwerp, December 13-14, 2018) that focused on modern intellectual property governance and openness in Europe elaborates upon the Text and Data Mining (TDM) issue in the field of scientific research, which is still-by the time of composition of this paper-in the process of discussion and forthcoming voting before the European Parliament in the form of provision(s) included in a new Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market. TDM is included in the proposal for a Directive of the European parliament and of the Council on copyright in the Digital Single Market-Proposal COM(2016)593 final 2016/0280(COD) that was submitted to the European Parliament.
Text and Data Mining in the EU ‘Acquis Communautaire’ Tinkering with TDM & Digital Legal Deposit
Authors: Bottis Maria , Papadopoulos Marinos , Zampakolas Christos , Ganatsiou Paraskevi
Published: November 2019

Text and Data Mining in the EU ‘Acquis Communautaire’ Tinkering with TDM & Digital Legal Deposit

Text and Data Mining (hereinafter, TDM) issue for the purpose of scientific research or for any other purpose which is included in the provisions of the new EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (hereinafter, DSM). TDM is a term that includes Web harvesting and Web Archiving activities. Web harvesting and archiving pertains to the processes of collecting from the web and archiving of works that reside on the Web. In the following analysis we will elaborate briefly upon provisions in EU Copyright law which were discussed during the proposal for a new Directive on Copyright in the DSM as well as provisions which are included in the text of art.3 and art.4 of the new Directive 2019/790/EU per TDM. In addition, the following analysis presents legislation in very few EU Member States which pertains to TDM and preceded the rulings of Directive 2019/790/EU. Digital legal deposit remarkable examples from EU Member States are also presented in this paper. The example of Australia is also presented below hereto because it is one of the oldest and most successful worldwide. The National Library of Australia’s digital legal deposit is state-of-the-art.
Modern Intellectual Property Governance and Openness in Europe: A Long and Winding Road?
Authors: Koutras Nikos
Published: November 2019

Modern Intellectual Property Governance and Openness in Europe: A Long and Winding Road?

In the last decade a trend towards more ‘openness’ in terms of collaborations and access to knowledge has been observed in many different sectors and contexts. Along the spectrum of openness one can find many different varieties, such as open innovation, co-creation, open science (combined with open access and open data) and open source. Even traditionally rather ‘closed’ actors, such as publishing houses and the pharmaceutical industry, are gradually catching up and are trying to develop mechanisms to cope with this trend towards openness. Both public and private actors encounter challenges in combining this trend towards openness with the management of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Although a strong willingness may exist to collaborate, open up and share knowledge and data, IPRs often create boundaries and limitations towards cutting-edge collaborations and initiatives for openness and sharing. Over time, companies, universities, public research organisations, etc. have developed certain models to allow for openness while safeguarding ways to protect their IPRs. Yet the legal framework is often lagging behind and does not appear to reflect the socio-economic trend towards openness; in many jurisdictions, changes to IP legislation have rather focused on strengthening of the rights of IP owners. But this is not necessarily a problem as stakeholders tend to find workarounds in their day-to-day practice. This special issue aims to further the discussion about modern governance of IPRs in Europe and to explore different perspectives on how openness could be operationalised within the context of IP protection.
Accommodation Succession (δA/δS) Sequence Stratigraphy: Observational Method, Utility and Insights into Sequence Boundary Formation
Authors: Neal Jack E. , Abreu Vitor , Bohacs Kevin M. , Feldman Howard R. , Pederson Keriann H.
Published: November 2019

Sequence stratigraphy is a method to systematically place key stratal observations into a chronostratigraphic framework for more accurate predictions away from control points. The depositional sequence is its basic unit, defined as “a stratigraphic unit composed of a relatively conformable succession of genetically related strata and bounded at its top and base by unconformities or their correlative surfaces” (Abreu et al., 2014 modified from Mitchum et. al., 1977a), which forms as a result of transgressions and regressions. Sequence stratigraphy is first and foremost a method that guides observations in the stratigraphic record across an array of depositional settings, stratal attributes, and data sets, explicitly recognizing that the stratigraphic record is comprised of both rocks and surfaces in various forms. These observations are then summarized in models that generalize details to facilitate prediction away from data control points. For completeness, sometimes the models are interpreted in terms of mechanisms (e.g., eustasy, climate, etc.) that may help explain observations and enhance prediction. The accommodation succession method of sequence stratigraphy (Neal and Abreu, 2009) assumes that these building blocks form in response to varying rates of coastal accommodation increase and decrease (δΑ) relative to the rate of sediment flux (δS).
Sequence Stratigraphy and Sea Level. A Marine Quaternary Perspective
Authors: Ridente Domenico
Published: November 2019

Sequence stratigraphy arose as a paradigm in stratigraphy following the introduction of the seismic method and its integration with genetic concepts linking seismic attributes to sedimentary dynamics. In its early shape, the sequence stratigraphy model was essentially rooted on the assumption that sea level cycles, in the form of basin-scale events, controlled the origin of depositional sequences. This founding assumption was vital for any revised version of sequence stratigraphy willing to maintain the status of “paradigm” and required evidence for “sequential” arrangement of progradational–aggradational–retrogradational patterns primarily governed by relative sea level.

Marine Quaternary stratigraphy provides plain evidence of such basin-scale sea-level control, albeit resulting in sequence shape and overall architecture substantially different from those of the basic sequence stratigraphy model. These differences have been settled by conceiving Quaternary sequences as atypical cases, commonly estranged from the debate on model refining. A reversal of this approach may be insightful, since Quaternary successions can be referred to sea-level curves of known periodicity and amplitude, in contrast with the older stratigraphy from which the basic model was derived.

Quaternary sequences indicate that the predominance of sea level (over other environmental factors) in shaping sequences depends on the duration of the full cycle and composing phases, scaled to its amplitude. Therefore, different sequence architectures may not represent fundamentally different models but rather a different balance between the main parameters of cycle duration, sea-level amplitude, and sedimentation rates. Changes in this balance may shift between end-member scenarios, ranging from greatly sea level-dominated (as in the Quaternary) to supply-dominated (as in large delta environments of pre-Quaternary greenhouse periods). This interpretative key allows us to explore different contexts all within a comprehensive model in which the control of sea level can vary significantly yet still coherently with the prediction potential of the model.
Identifying the Sequence Boundary in Over- and Under-Supplied Contexts: The Case of the Late Pleistocene Adriatic Continental Margin
Authors: Pellegrini Claudio , Bohacs Kevin M. , Drexler Tina M. , Gamberi Fabiano , Rovere Marzia , Trincardi Fabio
Published: November 2019

Even in a system whose stratal record is well expressed, it can be challenging to confidently differentiate sequence boundaries from other erosional surfaces because of lateral changes in stratal patterns due to variations in accommodation and sediment-supply rates and routes. Identifying a sequence boundary, as originally defined by Mitchum et al. (1977), is based on objective geometric relations. The original and standard criteria for defining a sequence boundary include not only the recognition and interpretation of stratal terminations but also an assessment of the spatial distribution of such terminations. Key geometric relations, however, are not always apparent on every single seismic line and are commonly inferred solely from vertical sections from boreholes. Hence it is essential to correlate and map the three-dimensional distribution and character of potential sequence boundaries (and any other sequence-stratigraphic surfaces) for a more confident interpretation. Variations in observed geometric relations are a function of profile location and orientation with respect to sediment-entry points and shelf-edge, as well as to spatial changes in rates of change in accommodation relative to the rates of sediment supply (e.g., Madof et al., 2016).

We illustrate this interpretation process using our work in the Adriatic continental margin taking advantage of the preserved and well-expressed strata and surfaces of the late Pleistocene succession. In addition, in the study area, independent evidence of accommodation changes (eustasy and subsidence), sediment-supply (rates and routes), and robust geochronological control are available (Pellegrini et al., 2017). On the Adriatic margin, the late Pleistocene stratigraphy consists of a succession of regressive depositional sequences bounded by shelf-wide erosional surfaces, each recording approximately 100-ky glacio-eustatic cycles (Trincardi and Correggiari, 2000; Ridente and Trincardi, 2005). The most recent depositional sequence shows at its top different erosional surfaces developed during higher frequency changes in accommodation and sediment supply. Following the classic definition of sequence boundary by Mitchum et al. (1977), we are able to differentiate the sequence boundary from other erosional surfaces by their different types and extents of onlap on the slope and different basinal deposits. We compare and contrast the character of these surfaces in three dimensions, taking into account the importance of along-strike variations in supply regime along a continental margin, and show how this aids interpretation of causal mechanisms and the consequences for predictions of rock properties.
Depositional Cycles and Sequences in an Organic-Rich Lake Basin: Eocene Green River Formation, Lake Uinta, Colorado and Utah
Authors: Sarg J. Frederick , Tänavsuu-Milkeviciene Kati , Bartov Yuval
Published: November 2019

Green River Formation lacustrine deposits in the eastern portion of Lake Uinta formed in two sub-basins (the Piceance basin and the Uinta basin) and represent mixed siliciclastic-carbonate and organic-rich lake deposits deposited during the Eocene climate optimum. The formation is comprised of organic-rich and organic-poor mudstone, siliciclastics, and carbonates, formed in a shallow to deep (tens of meters), stratified lake environment. Integrated sequence stratigraphic analysis using gamma logs, Fisher Assay plots, core, and outcrop has resulted in a predictive framework for organic-rich oil shale distribution, reservoir characterization, and hydrocarbon systems analysis.

Lacustrine strata are characterized by three types of (meter to decimeter) depositional cycles: (1) Type 1 cycles formed in a littoral/sublittoral zones and comprise progradational siliciclastic-rich deposits that pass upward into progradational to aggradational carbonate shoal and microbial carbonate and are capped by mud-to silt-sized sublittoral deposits. In the profundal zone, two types of depositional cycles occur: (2) Type 2 cycles start with lean oil shale, pass upwards into siliciclastic turbidites, and are overlain by rich oil shale deposits. (3) Type 3 cycles initiate with evaporites and mixed lean and rich oil shale that is overlain by rich oil shale. Stacked depositional cycles form depositional sequences meters to tens of meters thick. Eleven upward-deepening depositional sequences have been described and are divided into periods of low, rising, and high lake that are separated by sequence boundaries, transgressive surfaces, and main flooding surfaces, respectively.

The development of depositional cycles and sequences in these lacustrine basins appear to be strongly affected by climate changes and respective inflow; i.e., during times of low inflow (low lake level) siliciclastic and nutrient input into the lake decreased. In contrast, the highest input of siliciclastics and nutrients occurred during increased and high inflow (rising and high lake level). Low lake level is marked by thin marginal deposits and lean oil shale and at times, evaporite deposition in profundal areas. Increased runoff is marked along basin margins by sharp-based sandstones and carbonates. In the profundal area, rich oil shale overlay lean oil shale.
Meter-Scale Vertical and Lateral Facies Variability in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework: Example from Shallow-Marine Carbonates of the Middle Jurassic Izhara Formation (United Arab Emirates)
Authors: Hönig Martin , John Cédric Michael
Published: November 2019

A sedimentary bed is classically defined as a distinct layer of sedimentary rock that has a relatively uniform composition. Several outcrop-based studies have shown that facies within individual beds can vary laterally on a scale of around 100 m. As facies transitions are important criterions used as a proxy for the depositional environment and often to infer sequence stratigraphic trends in subsurface studies where data is limited to one-dimensional wells, this observed facies heterogeneity has implications for both paleoenvironmental studies and sequence stratigraphy. In this study, we investigate whether sedimentary and facies heterogeneities known to occur at the hundred meters scale are also present at the meter to tens of meters scale in a well-preserved facies mosaic deposited on a carbonate ramp (Wadi Naqab, Izhara Formation, Lower Bajocian, northern UAE), where a robust, outcrop-based sequence stratigraphic framework exists.

A bed set was logged and mapped across a 120 m long curving cliff face; combined with thin section analysis, the data allowed the reconstruction and quantification of facies heterogeneity at this location. Results reveal a large amount of lateral facies transitions at the meter scale. Lithofacies types have a probability of less than 70% of being laterally continuous over 12 to 18 meters, representing the highest amount of lateral facies heterogeneity so far reported in an ancient example. The case study reveals intra-bed facies transitioning attributed to spatially heterogeneous biogenic carbonate production as well as to syndepositional homogenizing and sieving processes occurring within shallow-marine depositional environments in ancient as well as in modern analogous systems. A series of continuous hardgrounds, previously interpreted as flooding and exposure surfaces, provide an independent sequence stratigraphic framework that demonstrate that the existence of small-scale lateral facies heterogeneities complicates interpretation of the vertical stacking pattern of facies. This confirms that the best practice is to limit sequence stratigraphic interpretations based on facies trends to larger stacking patterns (>10 meters). Meter-scale vertical patterns in carbonates often do not represent a proxy for base level changes, as illustrated in our study; therefore, fine-scaled, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy or lateral correlations are not attainable in carbonate sequences based on lithostratigraphy.
Effects of Sea Level and Upwelling on Development of a Miocene Shallow-Water Tropical Carbonate Ramp System, Ponce, Puerto Rico
Authors: Ortega-Ariza Diana , Franseen Evan K.
Published: November 2019

Middle-late Miocene (ca. 13-10 Ma) Ponce Limestone exposures in southern Puerto Rico provide an opportunity to evaluate development of a tropical carbonate ramp system during a time of known regional upwelling in the Caribbean. Three sequences (DS1, DS2, and DS3) developed in response to relative sealevel fluctuations. Each sequence is characterized by basal heterozoan-larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) facies that grades upward to a photozoan facies composed of corals tolerant of cool and turbid water at the top. DS1 transgressive deposits include Kuphus (?incrassatus), Amphistegina-Archaias packstone interbedded with Amphistegina packstone, and Archaias angulatus and gastropod-rich packstone. Maximum flooding is indicated by a Globigerinid planktonic foraminiferal facies. Upper DS1 strata consist of Montastraea imperatoris, Goniopora imperatoris, and several species of Porites coral rud-floatstone and framestone, which were deposited during highstand and sea-level fall. DS1 is capped by a surface of subaerial exposure (SB1).

DS2 transgressive deposits consist of Amphistegina-coralline red algae packstone-grainstone that grade upward to coralgal-Amphistegina packstone deposited during highstand and sea-level fall. DS2 is capped by a surface of subaerial exposure (SB2).

A rapid sea-level rise for DS3 is interpreted due to the apparent lack of transgressive deposits.

Preserved strata consist of prograding coralgal clinoforms developed during highstand. SB1 (~13-12 Ma) and SB2 (~11-10 Ma) may correlate with unconformities in other Caribbean areas, which could indicate regional tectonic or eustatic control on sequence development. The dominance of heterozoans and larger benthic foraminifera tolerant of mesotrophic and temperate water conditions and the presence only of those photozoan corals tolerant to turbidity and cooler water are consistent with a system affected by upwelling. The presence of photozoan corals only in the highstand and regressive portions of sequences suggests highest upwelling intensity and/or transport of upwelled water and nutrients to shallowest water ramp environments during transgressions. Our results have direct implications for other similar age-equivalent systems developed in the Caribbean, including those forming important reservoirs, and other tropical systems in the rock record affected by adverse photic zone conditions.
Controls on Seismic-Scale Geometries and Sequence-Stratigraphic Architecture of Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic Systems: Example from the Triassic Nanpanjang Basin, South China
Authors: Minzoni Marcello , Lehrmann Daniel J. , Enos Paul , Wei Jiayong , Yu Meiyi , Payne Jonathan , Li Xiaowei , Kelley Brian
Published: November 2019

Comparative analysis of platform evolution recorded along multiple 2D platform-to-basin transects of the Triassic Yangtze carbonate shelf and several isolated platforms in the Triassic Nanpanjiang basin, south China, indicates that laterally variable tectonic subsidence, rate of basinal clastic deposition at the toe of slope, antecedent topography, and changes of carbonate factory type controlled the evolution, large-scale sequence stratigraphic architecture, and geometry of the platform margin and slope. Lateral and temporal changes in these parameters, and their various combinations during the Middle and early Late Triassic, were responsible for the remarkable vertical and along-strike variability in the observed platform architecture and slope profile.

Timing and rates of subsidence largely controlled along-strike variability, timing of drowning, back-step geometries, and pinnacle development. Antecedent topography and timing of clastic basin fill dictated differences in platform-margin stability and geometries such as slope angle, relief above basin floor, development of collapse scars, and progradation at basin margins. Changes in slope profile through the Early and Middle Triassic reflect changes in carbonate-factory type and evolving seawater chemistry following the end-Permian extinction. Eustasy, in contrast, had very little influence on platform morphology and large-scale architecture.

Process-based depositional models derived from the Nanpanjiang basin of south China present an important analog for understanding, quantifying, and predicting facies distribution and architectural styles at the basin scale in other systems, particularly in areas of active tectonism and temporal variations in oceanic conditions, such as, for example, the prolific Tertiary carbonates reservoir province of southeast Asia.
Peut-on prendre le PISA au sérieux ? Entretien avec Bertrand Daunay et Daniel Bart
Authors: De Oliveira Adilson Ribeiro
Published: November 2019

Le Programme international pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA – de l’anglais Programme of International Student Assessment) est une initiative de l'Organisation de coopération et développement économiques (OCDE). Il s'agit d'une évaluation comparative, administrée aux élèves de 15 ans environ, l'âge auquel l'enseignement obligatoire de base est estimé terminé dans la plupart des pays participants à l'évaluation, ce qui correspond à la fin de l'enseignement primaire au Brésil.Selon l'Institut national d'études et de recherches en éducation Anísio Teixeira (INEP), l'agence brésilienne responsable de la réalisation du PISA au Brésil, l'objectif de ce programme est de produire des indicateurs sur la qualité de l'éducation offerte dans les pays participants afin de promouvoir des discussions qui puissent orienter les politiques publiques pour améliorer l'éducation de base. Les évaluations ont lieu tous les trois ans, couvrant trois domaines de connaissance – compréhension de l’écrit, culture mathématique et culture scientifique – et, chaque année, l'un de ces trois domaines est constitué comme domaine majeur du test. Selon l’OCDE, il ne s’agit pas seulement de chercher à évaluer ce que les élèves savent en compréhension de l’écrit, culture mathématique et culture scientifique, mais aussi à éclairer ce qu’ils sont capables de faire avec ces connaissances. En plus de diagnostiquer les compétences des élèves, le PISA cherche aussi à collecter des informations qui puissent mettre en rapport les performances des élèves à des variables démographiques, socioéconomiques et éducatives afin que les autorités publiques puissent les utiliser comme un instrument de réflexion, de planification, de mise en œuvre et de perfectionnement des politiques éducatives.En 2018, le domaine de la connaissance souligné est la compréhension de l’écrit : un moment opportun donc pour cette interview avec les professeurs et chercheurs Bertrand Daunay et Daniel Bart, experts français, qui ont publié (en plus de plusieurs articles sur le sujet depuis quelques années), en 2016, aux éditions du Croquant, en France, l’ouvrage Les Blagues à PISA : le discours sur l'école d'une institution internationale et en 2018, aux éditions Mercado de Letras, au Brésil, à la satisfaction des lecteurs brésiliens intéressés par le sujet, l’ouvrage Pode-se levar a sério o PISA ? O tratamento do texto literário em uma avaliação internacional (en français : Peut-on prendre le PISA au sérieux ? Le traitement du texte littéraire dans une évaluation internacionale) invitation à une analyse critique et, par conséquent, à une réflexion engagée dans une meilleure compréhension d'une facette de cette évaluation de portée mondiale.
Nachhaltiges Investment
Authors: Gietzelt Manuel
Published: November 2019

This book innovatively evaluates ‘sustainable investment funds’ against the background of the existing investment law, and it legally contextualises the current market situation.
The central challenge as regards sustainable funds is the vagueness of non-economic investment criteria. After discussing the question of whether a universal statutory definition of non-economic criteria can be found, the analysis is dedicated to the interpretation of the non-economic criteria contained in privately drafted investment terms and conditions. The minimum requirements which the German Investment Act (KAGB) places on the use of such investment criteria are then evaluated. In addition, the study considers the regulatory requirements for sustainable investment funds, for instance the role of an ethics committee. Finally, it examines a capital management company’s civil liability for investing while in breach of contract.
Polizeiliche Öffentlichkeitsarbeit in sozialen Netzwerken
Authors: Bilsdorfer Mascha Carina
Published: November 2019

The publicity work conducted by the police on social networks is an omnipresent topic. Even though the police have engaged in publicity work for decades, their transference of it to social media has given it a new lease of life. However, legal problems in the fields of data protection law, constitutional law and administrative law are connected to this change of medium, which are analysed in depth in this study, with the result that it conducts a comprehensive analysis of the issue’s legal framework.
The study provides especially clear guidelines, which the police need to comply with during their communication processes on social media. Although they have transferred their publicity work onto social networks, the police have not dispensed with the established principles of their public relations work, even if the quite informal form of communication and the expectations of social media users may tempt them into abandoning those previous standards.
Taylor, Brian D.: The Code of Putinism
Authors: Syrovátka Jonáš
Published: November 2019

Taylor, Brian D.: The Code of Putinism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2018. 250 pages
Polese, Abel: The Scopus Diaries and the (Il)Logics of Academic Survival: A Short Guide to Design Your Own Strategy and Survive Bibliometrics, Conferences, and Unreal Expectations in Academia
Authors: Plenta Peter
Published: November 2019

Polese, Abel: The Scopus Diaries and the (Il)Logics of Academic Survival: A Short Guide to Design Your Own Strategy and Survive Bibliometrics, Conferences, and Unreal Expectations in Academia. Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verlag. 2018. 231 pages
Laudato Si, Marx, and a Human Motivation for Addressing Climate Change
Authors: Weidel Timothy A. ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: November 2019

In the face of climate change, moral motivation is central: why should individuals feel compelled to act to combat this problem? Justice-based responses miss two morally salient issues: that the key ethical relationship is between us and the environment, and there is something in it for us to act to aid our environment. In support of this thesis there are two seemingly disparate sources: Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si and the early Marx’s account of human essence as species-being. Francis argues we must see nature as an “other” with whom we have a relationship, rather than dominating nature. Marx considers how we currently interact with “others,” and the harms these interactions cause to us. In both contexts, we harm our environment by not acting to meet its needs, and harm ourselves by making it less likely to develop ourselves as more fully human persons. It is the avoidance of these harms that can motivate us to act against climate change.
Replies to Nancy E. Snow and Jennifer Cole Wright
Authors: Miller Christian B. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2019

I reply to the excellent commentaries by Nancy Snow and Jennifer Cole Wright on my book, The Character Gap: How Good Are We? Topics discussed include the criteria of virtue, kinds of virtuous motives, vicious motivation and behavior, continence and incontinence, the possibility of widespread vice, and a recent meta-analysis of helping behavior.
The Psychology of Individuation as Epistemology
Authors: Gil Congote Lina Marcela , Vargas Guillén Germán ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2019

This article explores the indissoluble connection between the order of being and knowing in the allagmatic epistemology proposed by Gilbert Simondon based on the following thesis: the knowledge of psychic individuation is the condition for the possibility of knowing different modes of individuation. This statement requires the passage through logic, according to the author’s conception of ontogenesis, for describing the analogy and the subject that knows analogically and individuates itself as he knows. Thus, the psychology of individuation is established as a scientific field of work opened up by Simondon and its epistemological implications in the way of conceiving the subject-object relation.
Making research visible: A library competition for graduate students
Authors: Damschen Kalli , Rempel Hannah Gascho
Published: November 2019

Graduate students have always been a core academic library user group. However, because undergraduates typically make up a larger percentage of the on-campus student body, the development of targeted library services and programming for graduate students has often taken a back seat. Recently, however, interest in academic library services for graduate students has increased, as demonstrated by conferences devoted to this topic and the formation of an ACRL interest group focused on this issue.
Improvement of Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Routine Intravenous Iron Supplementation
Authors: Danko Istvan , Weidkamp Marcy , Eickhoff Jens C.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is very common in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a key outcome measure, no long-term studies have evaluated the effect of correction of IDA on HRQL in children with IBD. Our goal was to prospectively study changes in HRQL in iron-deficient children with IBD receiving routine iron supplementation with periodic intravenous iron sucrose (IVIS).

METHODS Thirty-eight children with IBD treated with infliximab participated. Hematology and inflammatory markers were assessed before each infliximab treatment. Iron-deficient patients (transferrin saturation below 20% and/or ferritin below 30 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL with normal or elevated C-reactive protein, respectively) received IVIS after each infliximab infusion until iron indices stayed normal for two consecutive measurements. HRQL was assessed with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory every 4 months. Correlation between changes in mean hemoglobin levels and HRQL scores was analyzed prospectively in 3-month periods over a period exceeding 3 years.

RESULTS At enrollment, 27 patients had already been established on infliximab; 11 had not started or completed induction. Mean iron indices and hemoglobin normalized after 3 and 6 month of starting IVIS, respectively. Multiple HRQL parameters significantly improved, regardless of the duration of infliximab treatment at the time of enrollment. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between correction of anemia and improvement in parent-reported emotional and physical HRQL scores.

CONCLUSIONS Periodic IVIS resulted in long-term correction of IDA in children with IBD. Correction of IDA contributed to some improvements in HRQL.