bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The greek infinitive in variable deliberative, principally dependent questions: an interpretation in terms of naturalness theory
Authors: Kavčič Jerneja
Published: December 2018

In the present paper I investigate the use of the infinitive in dependent delibera­ tive clauses in Greek, a phenomenon occurring in several (modern) languages, cf. Slovene Nisem vedel, kaj storiti. 'I didn't know what to do?', English I didn't know what to do., German Was tun? 'What to do?'l. In the first part I present the development of deliberative infinitive clauses in Post-Classical Greek with a special emphasis on the use of this form in two Early Byzantine prose writings (in Pratum Spirituale and in Vita Theodori Syceotae, both belonging to the 6th;7th century AD), where some peculiarities are observed. In the second part an attempt is made to interpret the basic characteristics of the Greek infinitive in dependent deliberative clauses from the perspective of Naturalness Theory.
Le lexème slovène tudi et ses équivalents français
Authors: Oven Jacqueline
Published: December 2018

Cet article se propose d'analyser tout d'abord le lexème slovène tudi, de passer ensuite en revue les diffé­ rents equivalents français de ce dernier, puis d'analyser /'equivalent le plus fréquent, à savoir l'adverbe de phrase aussi. pour enfin conclure avec une analyse contrastive quant au fonctionnement du lexème slovène et de son équivalent français aussi.
Die Slavia submersa in Österreich: ein Überblick und Versuch einer Neubewertung
Authors: Dieter Pohl Heinz
Published: December 2018

Was das slawische Lehngut Österreichs und insbesondere Kärntens betrifft, ist festzuhalten, dass es sich auf Grund linguistischer Fakten als größtenteils sehr alt erweist, obwohl das Meiste davon erst relativ spät überliefert wird. Doch einige sla­ wische bzw. slowenische Toponyme sind urkundlich schon vor dem Jahre 1000 belegt (u.a. in Kärnten 6), zwischen 1000 und 1250 nimmt die Belegdichte zu. Bei den Personennamen werden vor 1000 150 ,,Slawen" genannt, nach 1000 über 380.1 Sie scheinen alle in lateinisch oder deutsch geschriebenen Urkunden auf. E. Kranz­ mayer hat eine Reihe von Anhaltspunkten für die Chronologie der Übernahme von Ortsnamen ins Deutsche geliefert2 . In einem größeren Zusammenhang entspricht die slawische Sprachform, die den Ortsnamen im Osten und Süden Österreichs (Ost-tirol, Kärnten' Steiermark, Salzburg-Lungau, südliches Nieder und östliches Oberösterreich zu Grunde liegt, dem ,,Alpenslawischen" (nach Ramovš, Kronsteiner usw.) bzw. der Sprache der altslowenischen ,,Preisinger Denkmäler", was auch bereits der große slowenische Dialektologe und Sprachhistoriker Ramovš fest­ gestellt hat. Die Varianten in der deutschen Wiedergabe der slawischen Namen woHte er dialektologisch deuten, mir ist es aber gelungen, diese Unterschiede chronologisch zu erklären, woraus folgt, dass es im hohen und späten Mittelalter eine über Kärnten hinausgehende weit verbreitete Gemischtsprachigkeit in Österreich gab7, was sich auch in alten Lehnwörtern widerspiegelt.
La subordonnée conditionnelle dans le bas latin, le registre populaire
Authors: Iordache Roxana
Published: December 2018

Nous commençons ce travail par dire qu'on rencontre des éléments de latin po­ pulaire à l'époque tardive 1 non seulement dans des inscriptions ou des textes de médecine vétérinaire, ou bien d'art gastronomique, rédigés par des gens sans instruction, mais encore dans les écrits des ecclésiastiques, surtout à la suite de recommandations telles que.
L` avverbio e pronome ghi in dialetti corsi e peri-corsi
Authors: Toso Fiorenzo
Published: December 2018

Il saggio sottolinea il particolare rilievo che assume la presenza del- 1'avverbio e pronome ghi in area corsa, e specificamente nei dialetti di Ajaccio, Calvi, La Maddalena e Capraia, quale esempio rappresentativo di una commistione lin­ guistica corso-ligure che si verificò durante la fase secolare dell'amministrazione genovese della Corsica (1294-1768). La riflessione su questo caso specifico si allarga in una considerazione più ampia dell'apporto ligure nei dialetti corsi, spesso mini­ mizzato per motivi di ordine culturale e ideologico ma in realtà assai piu consistente di quanto si ritenga. Esso non si ridusse in particolare a un apporto lessicale (che per di più molti considerano, a torto, alquanto limitato) ma interferì nella struttura fonetica e (come mostra il caso specifico) grammaticale di alcune varietà maggior­ mente esposte, quelle formatesi o ristrutturatesi nell'ambito di processi di conver­ genza tra le varietà liguri dei centri urbani della Corsica e i dialetti corsi che anda­ vano progressivamente sovrapponendovisi.
Quale sintagma usare per indicare la necessita`dell` azione in friulano
Authors: Bizjak David
Published: December 2018

Per un non-friulanofono che studia la lingua friulana contemporanea non è facile scegliere il sintagma più opportuno per rendere l' idea della necessità di un' azione. II friulano dispone a questo scopo di parecchi sintagmi diversi. Essi consistono tutti in due elementi verbali: il primo elemento è una forma verbale perso­nale, mentre il secondo può essere l' infinito oppure il participio passato. Nel parla­ to bisugne+infinito è indubbiamente quello più diffuso, ma esso appare frequente­ mente anche nella lingua scritta, nei testi di vario genere: fiabe, romanzi, articoli di giornale, testi scientifici. Gli enunciati seguenti in cui troviamo il sintagma in diver­ si tempi e modi riflettono bene questa diversità
Il dativo etico nel friulano sonziaco
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: December 2018

Nei suoi ricordi giovanili, scritti nel secondo dopoguerra e pubblicati nella ri­ vista friulana Sot la Nape negli anni settanta e ottanta del secolo scorso, riuniti poi nel libro Di cà e di là da la Grapa. Di cà e di là dal Pomeri. Blecs gurizans Luciano Spangher, goriziano, benemerito cultore della cultura e tradizioni della sua città, offre una abbondante quantità di esempi in cui si trova un uso particolare del pronome perso­ nale atono, al dativo, sensibilmente indebolito al livello semantico, quel fenomeno, dunque, che le grammatiche del latino sogliono classificare come dativus ethicus. Pensiamo ai passi come il seguente in cui Spangher descrive il ghetto goriziano e la pace che vi regnava tra gli appartenenti alle varie religioni della città: In ta ciasis stavin cristians, obreos e ancia protestanz e due' ti vivevin di amor e di acordo, p. 47. II pronome personale, evidentemente, non ha un pieno valore semantico.
Janez Orešnik on his seventieth birthsday
Authors: Golden Marija
Published: December 2018

Over a career spanning some forty years, Janez Orešnik has quietly gone about the business of firmly establishing himself at home and abroad as a linguist at ease in diachronic comparative studies of Indoeuropean languages and descriptive stu­ dies of modern languages in the best of the structuralist tradition. In theoretical lin­ guistics, he questions with insight what the generative wisdom of the day claims separates the particular from the universal in languages, whether phonological, morphological or syntactical. He is comfortable with twenty or so languages and is known graciously to engage guest speakers at conferences he hosts at the Universi­ ty of Ljubljana in their native languages. He makes a point of actively participating at the Monday meetings of the Ljubljana Linguistic Circle.
Das Isländische Hafa-perfekt in Zeitungsartikeln
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshiko , Pétursson Magnús
Published: December 2018

In diesem Artikel werden die sprecherbezogenen Bedeutungen des Perfekts in isländischen Zeitungsartikeln untersucht. Das isländische Perfekt verbindet Ereignisse der Vergangenheit mit der Situation zur Sprechzeit, während das Prä­ teritum die Abgeschlossenheit eines Ereignisses in der Vergangenheit angibt. Die Sprechersicht ist aber entscheidend für die Bedeutung des Perfekts. Wir behan­ deln hier drei sprecherbezogene Richtungen: Zukunftsorientierung, Kommentar und Emotion. Wir untersuchen auch einige Unterschiede zwischen dem engli­ schen presens perfect und dem isländischen Perfekt und versuchen eine Erklärung hierfiir zu finden.
English syllabification and schwa-insertion: from the sound pattern of English to the notion of phase
Authors: Marvin Tatjana
Published: December 2018

It is a well-known fact that in English, syllabification of derived words differs according to the attaching affix, Chomsky and Halle (1968). In words such as hinder, meter, burgle the final sonorant of the roots /hindr/, /mitr/, /burgl/ is syllabic in word final position, following the rule of schwa insertion that makes a final sonorant pre­ ceded by a consonant syllabic. However, in related forms where these roots are fol­ lowed by a vowel-initial affix, such as hindrance, metric, burglar, the sonorants in ques­ tion are not syllabic, but are syllabified as onsets of the following syllable. Not all affixes beginning in a vowel have the same effect on syllabification. The participle forming affix -ing triggers the schwa-insertion regardless of its vowel-initial status, e.g. (hinder /hindgr/: hindrance /hindrans/, but hindering /hindgril]/, */hindril]/). Chomsky and Halle (1968) treat this property as inherent to the attaching affix; i.e. -ance in hin­ drance differs from -ing in hindering with respect to the triggering of the schwa-insertion rule. Using a finer-grained syntax of words, this paper derives the differences in pronunciation of the above mentioned words as following not exclusively from a diacritic on the affix, as in Chomsky and Halle (1968), but rather from the attachment position of the affix in the syntactic structure of the word.
Early celticity in Slovenia and at rhaetic Magrè (Schio)
Authors: Markey T. L.
Published: December 2018

From the area around lakes Maggiore and Como in the west clear across the northern alpine crest of the Italian peninsula to the Balkans (albeit primarily in Slovenia) in the east we find the following varieties of early Continental Celtic: Golaseccan ILepontic (with highly archaic features by virtue of dramatically early attestation, ca. 550-350 BC); Camunic (meagerly recorded, etymologically opaque, but, if anything, probably mainly Celtic) in Valcamonica north of Lago d'Iseo, also beginning about 550 BC; Rhaeto­ Celtic (also but fragmentarily recorded, ca. 450-40 BC) from various sites such as Vadena (Pfatten) south of Bolzano (Bozen) in the Fritzens Sanseno and Magre Horizons; Carnian (northward from Udine, evidenced chiefly by onomastics, e.g. present-day Cadore < *Catubrigum 'battle-mount') and East Celtic in southwestern Austria and the Balkans (again but fragmentarily retrievable from, for example, Magdalensberg and the onomastics retrievable from Roman necropoli such as that at lg south of the Ljubljana marshes; see Hamp [1976, 1978]).
Trije zgledi neposrečenega prevoda zaradi "lažnik prijateljev"
Authors: Derganc Aleksandra
Published: December 2018

Znano je, da posebej v sorodnih jezikih, genetsko zares ali navidezno sorodne besede, ki imajo enako ali podobno zunanjo podobo, pogosto nosijo različen pomen. Takšnim besedam pravimo »lažni prijatelji«. Če  jih  ne  prepoznamo oz. ne zaznamo, da je pomen, ki ga pripisujemo kaki besedi, v nekakšni opreki s kontekstom, postanemo njihova žrtev. Ob prebiranju prevoda knjige Zakladi Slovenije M. Kmecla v ruščino sem naletela na mesto, ki mi je vzbudilo nevero: ali je mogoce, da je Kmecl napisal kaj takega?
Valores y usos de las perífrasis verbales de gerundio con los auxiliares ir, andar y venir
Authors: Markič Jasmina
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo tiene como fin presentar las perífrasis verbales de gerundio con los verbos de movimiento andar, ir y venir como auxiliares. En la primera parte se pre­ senta la problemática de la perífrasis verbal en general y la definición del concepto y los valores que se expresan con estas estructuras verbales complejas. A continuación el artículo se centra en las perífrasis verbales aspectuales de gerundio y en particular en las que tienen como auxiliar los verbos de movimiento. Partiendo de algunos ejem­ plos de obras literarias españolas y latinoamericanas y sus traducciones al esloveno se comparan las dos lenguas y se comentan las "(im)posibilidades" de traducir adecua­ damente estas estructuras verbales al esloveno.
Nouvelle contribution a lʹétymologie du toponyme Ljubljana
Authors: Pogačnik Vladimir
Published: December 2018

Ce n'est sans doute pas un hasard si les toponymes Ljubljana, Lubiana et Laibach se sont vu attribuer une série d'explications étymologiques et ceci par d'érninents lin­ guistes slovènes tels que Miklošič (1859), Kelemina (1950), Ramovš (1953), Bezlaj (1956) auxquels on ajoutera également le grand croate Petar Skok (1934) et surtout à la fin des années soixante-dix , Anton Grad, professeur titulaire à la chaire de français de l'Université de Ljubljana (1978, 1980).
On the possibilities and impossibilities of cross-cultural communication
Authors: Ožbot Martina
Published: December 2018

As is well known, the second half of the last century has witnessed an un­ precedented increase in cross-cultural communication at a practical level as well as a remarkable development of research on various aspects of translation as cross-cultural communication par excellence. Such an interest in the study of translation appears to be directly linked with the expansion of translational activities and reflects the impor­ tance attributed to them in the society at large. At the same time, the burgeoning growth of translation studies is to be explained within the context of the expansion of the discipline of linguistics over the past half-century , an important part of which is the development of various text-oriented branches in which attention has been given to previously largely unstudied phenomena of the functioning of language in real communicative situations.
Translate als kognitive Entitäten oder die Natürlichkeitstheorie im Kontext der sprachlichen und psychosozialen Paradigmata der mehrsprachlichen Kommunikation
Authors: Teržan Kopecky Karmen
Published: December 2018

Jahrtausende alt ist das Gefiihl bzw. - gepaart mit Überlegungen und Reflexionen die spatere Überzeugung von Philosophen, Literaten und Denkern, dass der ins Wort gefasste Gedanke den Gedanken selbst beeinflusst, värandert, ihm zu einer neuen, wenn auch vergleichbaren Existenz verhilft, aber dennoch den intendierten Sinn in entsprechender Kombination mit alien möglichen - auch nichtsprachlichen - Faktoren zu vermitteln und an Menschen zu transportieren vermag, die uns schon dadurch mehr oder weniger nahe stehen, dass sie die natürliche, soziale und kulturelle Umwelt mit uns teilen, aber unter gewissen Voraussetzungen auch an jene, die anderen Kulturkreisen, Religionen, ja Welten (und sei es nur im Sinne von Generationen) angehören.
Vorschläge zur erweiterung der slowenischen variante der natürlichkeitstheorie
Authors: Petrič Teodor
Published: December 2018

Im Aufsatz werden Vorschläge zur Erweiterung des in Slowenien entstandenen Modells der Natürlichkeitstheorie gemacht. Im weiteren Verlauf des Aufsatzes ver­ wende ich die Akronyme NT für die Natürlichkeitstheorie in der Ausprägung ihrer bekanntesten Vertreter (Dressler, Mayerthaler, Wurzel) und SNT fiir das slowenische Modell zur Erweiterung der Natürlichkeitstheorie, dessen Grundidee wohl mit Oresnik ( 1986) erstmals international veröffentlicht wurde und seitdem in einer Reihe von Arbeiten überprüft und weiterentwickelt wird (mit Oresnik & Terfan & Trobevsek & Snedec 1990 als wichtigem Meilenstein).
La classification des particules en français et en slovènee des ecrits analyses n'est certes statistiquement pas pertinent;
Authors: Smolej Mojca
Published: December 2018

Nous avons done encore une fois obtenu la confirmation (attendue) de ce qu'il fait nécessairement, avant toute analyse contrastive de langues différentes, prendre conscience de ce que les locuteurs peuvent user pour un même présupposé conceptuel de moyens lexicaux et grammaticaux très distincts. Il s'ensuit logiquement qu'il est impossible, durant l'étude des catégories grammaticales d'une langue, de tirer des parallèles avec les catégories grammaticales d'une autre langue. En effet, il convient de prendre en compte diverses lois textuelles, syntaxiques et morhpologiques qui apparaissent au niveau de l'usage et de la fonction des lexèmes étudiés. En résumé, pour étudier et comparer pleinement des catégories grammaticales similaires ou identiques dans deux langues distinctes, il convient, en dehors des postulats théoriques proposés par les grammaires et dictionnaires, d'inclure dans l'analyse un corpus assez large d'emplois effectifs des moyens lexicaux étudiés permettant d'appréhender également les caractéristiques structurelles, morphologiques et textuelles gouvemant l'usage de tel ou tel instrument lexical.
Grundlagen für phonetische übungen mit isländischsprechenden
Authors: Pétursson Magnús
Published: December 2018

Isländisch ist ursprünglich ein westnorwegischer Dialekt, eine Einwanderersprache aus Norwegen, welche von den norwegischen Einwanderem, die in dem Zeitraum von 874 bis 930 n.Chr. Island besiedelten, ins Land gebracht wurde. Es waren sicherlich Einwanderer aus allen Gegenden Norwegens beteiligt, aber die meisten stammten aus Westnorwegen. Es gab ebenfalls eine Einwanderung aus Irland und den britischen Inseln. Es handelte sich dabei aber vorwiegend um norwegische Einwanderer die vorher zu den britischen Inseln und nach Irland eingewandert waren. Neben einigen irischen Einwanderem, die offensichtlich freiwillig emigriert sind, brachten die norwegischstiimmigen Einwanderer zahlreiche irische Sklaven nach Island mit. Auf diese Weise erklärt es sich, daß etwa 30% der ursprünglichen Einwanderer in Island irischsprechend waren. Irisch wurde auch einige Zeit in Island gesprochen, obwohl es keine Spuren in der Sprache hinterlassen hat. Nur einige Orts- und Personenamen irischer Herkunft erinnem gegenwärtig an das ehemalige Vorhandensein der irischen Sprache in Island.
Fachsprachliche Kollokationen : Schwerpunkt Deutsch-Slowenisch
Authors: Gruntar Jermol Ada
Published: December 2018

,,Fachsprache hat zwei Dimensionen, das Einzelwort, der Terminus, der meist im Zentnun der Terminologie steht, und die ebenfalls fachsprachliche Kontextualisierung des Terminus in seinen Kollokationen" (Hausmann 2003: 83). Die Suche nach äquivalenten Termini in der Zielsprache ist bei juristischen Texten nicht selten eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. Wer Rechtstexte übersetzt, hat es nämlich nicht nur rnit einem Sachgebiet in zwei verschiedenen Sprachen zu tun, sondem rnit zwei Rechtsordnungen in zwei unterschiedlichen Sprachen. Nicht nur die Auswahl entsprechender Termini stellt eine große Herausforderung dar, sondem auch die Auswahl entsprechender Verben, Adjektive und Präpositionen, die sich mit Termini verbinden, z. B.: einen Vertrag schliej3en/ aujheben = skleniti/razveljaviti pogodbo, unter Verwendung einer Wajfe = z uporabo orozja, das Gesetz verabschieden = sprejeti zakon... Solche festen Wortverbindungen können selbst erfahrenen Übersetzem oft erhebliche Schwierigkeiten bereiten, weil sie eiine Übersetzungseinheit bilden und daher nicht einzelsprachlich übersetzt werden können. Beim Fachtextübersetzen bereiten sie Schwierigkeiten nicht nur beim Hin-, sondem auch beim Herübersetzen. Der Grund dafür ist zum einen die Tatsache, dass jede Fachsprache meist Wortverbindungen enthält, die in der Gemeinsprache nicht zu finden sind; und zweitens: Viele dieser spezi:fischen Wortkombinationen sind in verschiedenen Nachschlagewerken (Glossaren, Lexika, Wörterbüchem ...) nicht kodifiziert.
EFL students' use of grammatical information in five leading British learners' dictionaries
Authors: Vrbinc Alenka , Vrbinc Marjeta
Published: December 2018

Grammar is one of the elements of lexicographic description. In order to find out whether dictionary users use their dictionaries to retrieve grammatical information, we carried out a research-based study investigating their skills. This article presents and discusses the results of a study into the use by EFL students of grammatical information included in five leading British learners' dictionaries. The ability of students to use dictionary entries was tested by means of 33 sentences. Some of the sentences were grammatically correct; others contained a grammatical mistake. The students had to detect mistakes with the help of enclosed dictionary entries. The aim of the study was to find out whether there were any great differences among the dictionaries used and how successful the test subjects were in finding and using grammatical information.
Rada Cossutta - Franco Crevatin: Slovenski dialektološki leksikalni atlas slovenske Istre
Authors: Skubic Mitja
Published: December 2018

L'Atlante linguistico dell'Istria slovena di cui è uscita la seconda parte è la continuazione e integrazione dello Slovenski dialektološki atlas Tržaške pokrajine (SDLA - TS), Trst 1987, pubblicato nella collana Slavica triestina a cura di F. Crevatin, edita dalla Scuola Superiore di lingue modeme per interpreti e traduttori dell'Universita degli Studi di Trieste. La differenza tra le due opera è sensibile, non solo per l'estensione geografica, giacché la prima si occupa della situazione delle parlate slovene della provincia di Trieste, mentre il presente Atlas abbraccia quelle dell'Istria slovena.
Two key concepts of language endangerment : language obsolescence and language death
Authors: Swiggers Pierre
Published: December 2018

In the contemporary context of world-wide language endangerment, of linguistic imperialism and regression of minority languages, it is of vital importance to take initiatives for the maintenance and protection of linguistic biodiversity.  Languages that become extinct are a major loss, not only for the communities concerned but also for humanity in general. The role of linguists should not be confined to documentation and recording of threatened languages, but should be extended to policies  aimed at the revitalization of languages in the process of obsolescence and extinction, and to programs for stimulating language awareness and language cult. Although practical work and immediate political interventions remain the most urgent tasks, there is also need for a theoretical discussion on the value of language maintenance and preservation. It is important to define adequately the basic concepts to be used in discussions, as well as in scholarly and "bureaucratic" writings in the field of language endangerment. The aim of the present paper has been to clarify the concepts of 'language obsolescence' and 'language death', with an eye at offering a general characterization and typology of both phenomena. Accurate information on the causes and contextual factors involved in language obsolescence and language death can help to elaborate a theoretically coherent frame for construing open-minded language policies and for arousing a widespread feeling of respect for the linguistic rights of speech communities, however small and unprotected they may be.
Natural syntax : English interrogative main clauses
Authors: Oresnik Janez
Published: December 2018

Natural Syntax is a developing deductive theory, a branch of Naturalness Theory. The naturalnessjudgements are couched in naturalness scales, whichfollow from the basic parameters (or «axioms») listed at the beginning of the paper. The predictions of the theory are calculated in deductions, whose chief components are apair of naturalness scales and the rules governing the alignment of corresponding naturalness values. Parallel and chiastic alignments are distinguished, in complementary distribution. Chiastic alignment is mandatory in deductions limited to unnatural environments.The paper deals with English interrogative main clauses. Within these, only the interrogatives containing wh-words exclusively insitu constitute an extremely unnatural environment and require chiastic alignment. Otherwiseparallel alignment is used.Earlier publications on Natural Syntax: Kavcic 2005a,b, Oresnik 1999, 2000a,b, 200la-f   2002, 2003a-c, 2002/03, 2004. This list cites only works written in English.
Definiteness strategies and word order in existential-locatives and locatives in Late and Vulgar Latin
Authors: Cabrillana Concepción
Published: December 2018

§ 1.The parameters which began to undergo a profound change in Late Latin include the marking  of definiteness  and the gradual fixation of a different word  order.1  These two phenomena  are brought  into connection by M.. Durante's observation  (1981, 62) that article development2 is one of the main agents involved3 in the emergence of a fixed order of constituents. § 2. The two parameters are still subject to investigation. The discussion of definite­ ness markers focuses on how and when precisely the article appeared, but it has yielded contradictory conclusions: while some scholars acknowledge the existence of articles in Late and Vulgar Latin texts, such as Egeria's Peregrinatio,4 others deny it.5 Inaddition, there are some less extreme views arguing for an intermediate stage in the long evolution from demonstratives to articles in Late Latin texts.6The research on word order, especially in Late Latin, frequently focuses on the posi­ tion of the elements considered basic in the language;7 thus, generally speaking, almost everyone is agreed on the SOV > SV08 change, although an alternation of the two orders can be established for the Classical as well as for the Late period ([S]OV/[S]V0).9 § 3. With regard to Late and Vulgar Latin, however, there are only a few specialised papers dealing with potential historical changes in the position of the verbs which present special difficulties in the language, not only with their complex semantic content but also with their ability to form multiple constructions. 10 This is the case with the verb sum in structures expressing a semantic notion of location. The relationship between word order and definiteness in these structures has been examined by scholars attemptinging to explain the difference between the so-called 'locative' constructions (Loe) and 'existential-locatives' (ExL), 11 both containing the verb sum: while the former typically front the location-encoding term (p)with a definite subject, the latter display the opposite distinctive features (a S[-Def]12 appearing in the pS sequence).13
Il latino, la morte o la continuità
Authors: Tekavčić Pavao
Published: December 2018

Partendo dalle pagine dedicate alla morte del latino nel volume Halte à la mort des langues di Claude Hagège, l'autore sintetizza dapprima le idee del sociolinguista francese, per passare poi alla discussione, al commento e alle proposte di completamento. L'autore sottoscrive alla tesi della continuità, vedendo negli idiomi romanzi la fase attuale del latino. Nel contributo si illustrano anche certi altri temi: la differenziazione regionale del latino, la periodizzazione e il valore delle fonti del latino parlato.
Le processus de la planification lors de l'écriture en langue étrangère : la langue et la structure
Authors: Lah Meta
Published: December 2018

En linguistique appliquée et en didactique des langues il y a beaucoup de recherches faites sur la lecture et beaucoup moins sur l'écriture. Plusieurs enquêtes internationales, comme p. ex. I. E. A. Reading Literacy (cf. Warwick et al., 1995, Lafontaine, 1996) analysent les compétences en lecture en langue maternelle des élèves d'environ 30 pays. A notre connaissance il n'y a pas d'étude internationale comparable faite sur les compétences d'expression  orale ou  écrite,  en langue  maternelle  ou  en langue étrangère.
Wages for Self-Care: Mental Illness and Reproductive Labour
Authors: Russell Francis
Published: December 2018

This paper will explore both the ways in which the practices of self-care, specifically related to mental health, have emerged as responses to the increasingly precarious status of life after the economic shocks of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), whilst also looking to the work of Silvia Federici and Kathi Weeks to propose models for immanent critique of these practices. Although it cannot be taken as a pure origin, post-GFC mental health discourse has increasingly seen mental health discussed as a form of resilience to precarity. Furthermore, practices of self-care, and psychological forms of treatment such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) have become vehicles for the intensification of personal resilience in the face of systemic crisis. If self-care involves an inward looking and depoliticised subject, surely political emancipation lies elsewhere. The possibility of some alternative to our present state of affairs, where self-care increasingly appears as a form of ‘voluntary servitude,’ that is to say, a form of self-subjugation with serious political risks, must surely be taken as a continual project for those engaged in critical inquiry. Then again, to suggest that those engaging in self-care are simply reproducing neoliberal subjectivity would surely miss the ways in which such forms of self-preservation might appear as unavoidable for the individuals in question. Through an engagement with their work—and one that draws parallels between their strategic critiques of reproductive labour broadly speaking, and the more specific area of mental illness and neoliberal governmentality—the question of the “necessity” of self-care will be brought into alignment with the possibilities of its practicality.
Neurodiversity and Communication Ethics: How Images of Autism Trouble Communication Ethics in the Globital Age
Authors: Reading Anna
Published: December 2018

While research has addressed the ways in which autism is represented in popular culture, in literature and in film, this article points to how autistic cultural assemblages afforded by the unevenly global-digital or globital age act to queer neurotypical communication and media ethics more broadly. The article argues that evidence points to the emergence of new human communication ethics that embraces neurodiversity and that values the sensorial, perceptual, cognitive and communicative variety of human meaning making as well as including the communicative affordances of non-human persons and our environment. . Since communication and ethics are configured through a culture of ‘normalcy’ this article asks how images about, by and with people with autism invite a reorientation of ethical assumptions about images more widely. How do new kinds of digital images of autistic people made possible through the affordances of the globital age trouble or rather unsettle not only a history of troubled images of autistic people in medicine and popular culture but also ontologically challenge the human-centric and neurotypical bias of communication ethics? The article draws on self-advocacy You Tube videos made by and with autistic people, a campaign video made by the UK’s National Autistic Society, and films as ‘translations’ of a nonverbal autistic world to suggest these unsettle and queer a genealogy and history of troubled images of autistic people .
Sight Unseen: Our Neoliberal Vision of Insecurity
Authors: Buchan Bruce
Published: December 2018

Is security seen? Is security seen in images of peace and safety, or is it perceived in the troubled images of the horrors of violence and suffering? Vision has played a crucial role in shaping the modern Western preoccupation with, and prioritisation of security. Historically, security has been visually represented in a variety of ways, typically involving the depiction of its absence. In Medieval and Early Modern Europe especially, security and insecurity were presented as coterminous insofar as each represented separate conditions – their shared boundary envisioned in representations of the temporal threshold separating human mortality from divine salvation. This ocular demonstration of thresholds has been heightened by the ‘war on terror’ conducted by neo-liberal states since 2003. Neoliberalism operates as a discourse of constant global circulations (of money, goods and people) premised on a perpetual anticipation and pre-emption of insecurity. In the neoliberal scheme, security and insecurity are no longer coterminous, but mutually sustaining in perpetuity. In that sense, neoliberal security is ‘sight unseen’ - an uncanny presence that is not there. In the reiterated troubled images of horror amplified by the seemingly endless 'war on terror', neoliberal security operates as a terrifying visual reflex: we cannot see it but in new horrors.
Trouble
Authors: Healy Chris , Schlunke Katrina
Published: December 2018

Editorial by Chris Healy and Katrina Schlunke.
Estimating Satellite and Receiver Differential Code Bias Using Relative GPS Network
Authors: Elghazouly Alaa A. , Doma Mohamed I. , Sedeek Ahmed A.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Precise Total Electron Content (TEC) are required to produce accurate spatial and temporal resolution of Global Ionosphere Maps (GIMs). Receivers and Satellites Differential Code Biases (DCBs) are one of the main error sources in estimating precise TEC from Global Positioning Systems (GPS) data. Recently, researchers are interested in developing models and algorithms to compute DCBs of receivers and satellites close to those computed from the Ionosphere Associated Analysis Centers (IAAC). Here we introduce a MATLAB code called Multi Station DCB Estimation (MSDCBE) to calculate satellites and receivers DCBs from GPS data. MSDCBE based on spherical harmonic function and geometry free combination of GPS carrier phase and pseudo-range code observations and weighted least square were applied to solve observation equations, to improve estimation of DCBs values. There are many factors affecting estimated value of DCBs. The first one is the observations weighting function which depending on the satellite elevation angle. The second factor concerned with estimating DCBs using single GPS Station Precise Point Positioning (PPP) or using GPS network. The third factor is the number of GPS receivers in the network. Results from MSDCBE were evaluated and compared with data from IAAC and other codes like M_DCB and ZDDCBE. The results of weighted (MSDCBE) least square shows an improvement for estimated DCBs, where mean differences from CODE less than 0.746 ns. DCBs estimated from GPS network shows a good agreement with IAAC than DCBs estimated from PPP where the mean differences are less than 0.1477 ns and 1.1866 ns, respectively. The mean differences of computed DCBs improved by increasing number of GPS stations in the network.
Balancing media environments: Design principles for digital learning in Danish upper secondary schools
Authors: Olesen Mogens
Published: December 2018

Based on a case study on pupils at a Danish upper secondary school this paper reveals that the pupils’ media experiences in school are dominated by frustrations and feelings of ambiguity. Two pupil groups with different attitudes towards digital media were identified: one ‘IT positive’ group that call for more activating uses of digital media, and an ‘IT skeptic’ group that call for less experimentation and a return to traditional teaching methods and paper books. The case study reflects several ways in which new technologies challenges our educational system. This results in schools today generally being caught between practices of the literate, book-based environment, on the one hand, and the interactive, networked digital environment, on the other. The paper uses the concept of affordances to demonstrate how different media environments shape learning possibilities differently, and that any technology elicits desirable learning outcomes as well as undesirable learning outcomes — or challenges. Essentially, the educational system faces a fundamental challenge of balancing logics and principles of digital learning with traditional, paper-based learning. On this basis, a theoretical framework is developed that sets up didactical principles — distinguishing between affordances at individual, social and societal levels — for applying digital technologies in learning contexts. The paper concludes by demonstrating the principles through a learning design case concerning the climate debate.
Barriers, incentives, and benefits of the open educational resources (OER) movement: An exploration into instructor perspectives
Authors: Henderson Serena , Ostashewski Nathaniel
Published: December 2018

Open educational resource (OER) barriers, incentives, and benefits are at the forefront of educator and institution interests as global use of OER evolves. Research into OER use, perceptions, costs, and outcomes is becoming more prevalent; however, it is still in its infancy. Understanding barriers to full adoption, administration, and acceptance of OER is paramount to fully supporting its growth and success in education worldwide. The purpose of this research was to replicate and extend Kursun, Cagiltay, and Can’s (2014) Turkish study to include international participants. Kursun, et al. surveyed OpenCourseWare (OCW) faculty on their perceptions of OER barriers, incentives, and benefits. Through replication, these findings provide a glimpse into the reality of the international educators’ perceptions of barriers, incentives, and benefits of OER use to assist in the creation of practical solutions and actions for both policy makers and educators alike. The results of this replication study indicate that barriers to OER include institutional policy, lack of incentives, and a need for more support and education in the creating, using, and sharing of instructional materials. A major benefit to OER identified by educators is the continued collegial atmosphere of sharing and lifelong learning.
Designers as fans: Bottom-up online explorations of new technology concepts as a genre of design fan fictions
Authors: Vistisen Peter , Jensen Thessa
Published: December 2018

This paper explores the intersection between the participatory culture mechanism of fan fiction and the emerging trend of user-generated design fiction scenarios, exploring new technological design ideas. We propose this intersection is an under-appreciated form of online participation, exploring the potential of new digital technologies as ‘design fan fictions’. Online users launch small fictional scenarios depicting their personal visions or interpretations of specific genres of technologies. This form of bottom-up exploration can be a valuable resource for design, informed by the most dedicated ‘fans’ within technological discourse.
A simulated cyberattack on Twitter: Assessing partisan vulnerability to spear phishing and disinformation ahead of the 2018 U.S. midterm elections
Authors: Bossetta Michael
Published: December 2018

State-sponsored “bad actors” increasingly weaponize social media platforms to launch cyberattacks and disinformation campaigns during elections. Social media companies, due to their rapid growth and scale, struggle to prevent the weaponization of their platforms. This study conducts an automated spear phishing and disinformation campaign on Twitter ahead of the 2018 United States midterm elections. A fake news bot account — the @DCNewsReport — was created and programmed to automatically send customized tweets with a “breaking news” link to 138 Twitter users, before being restricted by Twitter.Overall, one in five users clicked the link, which could have potentially led to the downloading of ransomware or the theft of private information. However, the link in this experiment was non-malicious and redirected users to a Google Forms survey. In predicting users’ likelihood to click the link on Twitter, no statistically significant differences were observed between right-wing and left-wing partisans, or between Web users and mobile users. The findings signal that politically expressive Americans on Twitter, regardless of their party preferences or the devices they use to access the platform, are at risk of being spear phished on social media.
Uma nação e um povo nas páginas literárias
Authors: Dantas Sandra Mara
Published: December 2018

Assim como outros países latino-americanos, no século XIX, o Brasil tornou-se independente da metrópole europeia. Daí em diante, a busca pela constituição de uma identidade nacional foi assaz recorrente e a literatura cumpriu importante papel. Especialmente, no último quartel do século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX, é possível identificar diferentes nuances na pena dos literatos para dar forma à nação e ao brasileiro. Intelectuais de diferentes matizes contribuíram de modo significativo para pensar a realidade e em ato contínuo, elaborando um discurso acerca identidade como construção social e histórica. E como documento histórico, a literatura é uma representação que registra e expressa aspectos múltiplos da realidade a que se refere. Ela configura, poeticamente, a realidade e desvela as condições e as representações da sociedade, infunde novos valores e noções que incitam à transformação e/ou reafirmam a ordem social. Nesse sentido, o foco desse artigo é  refletir a respeito do papel da Literatura no processo de constituição da identidade nacional no Brasil.
Experimentos do Êxodo: Julio Le Parc e o GRAV
Authors: De Souza Leandro Candido
Published: December 2018

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os primeiros anos da produção artística de Julio Le Parc (1928-) em solo francês, abarcando as obras elaboradas entre o início de sua residência (1958) e a consolidação política de suas atividades, a partir da exposição Amérique Latine Non Officielle (1970). Desse modo, espera-se demonstrar como a coexistência entre cinetismo, experimentação perceptiva e interação lúdica no GRAV (Groupe de Recherche d’Art Visuel, 1960-1968), não só preparou o terreno para a consagração internacional do artista (alcançada com o prêmio na Bienal de Veneza em 1966), como criou as condições para um exercício de funcionalização política da arte como instrumento de denúncia (em solo europeu) da luta dos povos oprimidos, especialmente os latino-americanos.
Historiografia e legitimação de poder na baixa idade média peninsular (Portugal e Castela)
Authors: Schiavinato Rodrigo Barbosa
Published: December 2018

Trabalho de análise dos métodos cronísticos de escritores que produziram obras nos séculos XIV e XV e viveram nos reinos de Castela e Portugal. Pero Lopez de Ayala, Fernán Perez de Guzman, Fernão Lopes, Gomes Eanes de Zurara e Rui de Pina foram cronistas a serviço de seus reis. Escreveram histórias inseridas em contexto de propaganda régia com vistas à legitimação e afirmação dinásticas, como a dinastia Trastâmara em Castela e a dinastia de Avisem Portugal. Foramanalisados os métodos e concepções que estes escritores possuíam do fazer cronístico paralelamente aos interesses decorridos dos financiadores.
Mulheres, cinema e História: retratos de guerra e Hemingway & Martha
Authors: Lobo Júlio César
Published: December 2018

O objetivo principal desse ensaio de análise fílmica é destacar uma certa reversão na sub-representação feminina na mídia contemporânea, relativa às coberturas de guerras por parte de mulheres protagonistas, e em funções ativas, tomando como corpus os filmes de ficção norte-americanos Retratos de guerra (1989) e Hemingway & Martha (2013). O nosso enfoque prioriza a análise de mensagens, destacando a discussão das relações de gênero e patriarcado (as protagonistas são casadas), em que se incluem tópicos relativos a machismo, testes de virilidade e preconceitos contra a mulher, além de realçar, através das mídias enfocadas, o papel do jornalismo como fonte de testemunho, de denúncia e de memória. A articulação interdisciplinar que se propõe aqui inspira-se em discussões teóricas e metodológicas nos campos da Teoria do Jornalismo, estética cinematográfica (Jacques Aumont), feminismo (Simone de Beauvoir), História (Peter Burke) e História e cinema (Robert Rosenstone). Por fim, em nosso entendimento, essas narrativas celebram dramaticamente um empoderamento feminino.
Radicalizar o "Cine Imperfecto" cubano - Sara Gómez
Authors: Veiga Ana Maria
Published: December 2018

Discute-se neste texto a inserção de Sara Gómez nos chamados Novos Cinemas Latino-Americanos, mais especificamente no “Cinema Imperfeito” cubano, organicamente ligado à Revolução de 1959 e afinado com os ideais socialistas, que aparecem em temáticas políticas e também nas escolhas estéticas dos diretores. Negra e mulher, Sara logo se revelou uma grande cineasta, trabalhando essas questões no longa-metragem De cierta manera, de 1974. Mesmo sem se autodeclarar feminista, o filme em questão assinala o colapso de valores tradicionais, como a assimetria de gênero e a submissão das mulheres na sociedade cubana. A Revolução traria a igualdade em todos os setores, incluindo uma sonhada equidade de gênero. Sua obra foi e tem sido apropriada por pesquisadoras feministas por ter se tornado um marco latino-americano durante uma década tocada e estremecida pela efervescência do movimento feminista e pela entrada visível das mulheres no campo do cinema. São essas relações que se busca analisar neste artigo.
Imagens da ditadura civil-militar brasileira em filmes de mulheres dos anos 1970: Feminino Plural, de Vera de Figueiredo
Authors: Oliveira Alcilene Cavalcante de
Published: December 2018

Este artigo versa sobre a realização cinematográfica de mulheres no Brasil, nos anos de 1970, voltando-se especificamente para o filme Feminino Plural (1976), de Vera de Figueiredo. Destaca-se que as diretoras de longa-metragem, de ficção, realizaram filmes que encenaram questões da agenda feminista em curso nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, diferentemente da tendência hegemônica do feminismo brasileiro daquele período, que não abordou diretamente questões relativas à subjetividade e às políticas do corpo. Além disso, algumas cineastas encenaram em seus filmes a violência política, a repressão policial empreendia no regime de ditadura civil-militar, sendo que o filme de Figueiredo permite perceber a leitura política que a diretora fez sobre aqueles anos difíceis.
A instabilidade no universo ficcional de Essa Terra, de Antônio Torres
Authors: Gonçalves Rogerio Gustavo
Published: December 2018

O artigo aborda a composição formal do romance Essa terra, de Antônio Torres, buscando evidenciar o caráter instável das categorias narrativas de tempo e espaço como reflexo da condição de desterritorialização dos personagens e de sua consequente fragmentação identitária. O estudo procura também mostrar como a pluralidade de vozes, responsável por essa relativização espaço-temporal, possibilita uma visão multifacetada da temática abordada – a migração –, concedendo um caráter aberto à obra, sem a apresentação de uma posição conclusiva sobre as questões levantadas, de modo a estimular a reflexão do leitor.
Imbricações entre ficção, teoria e crítica em sweet tooth, de Ian McEwan
Authors: Nóbrega Caio Antônio , Azerêdo Genilda
Published: December 2018

Neste artigo, analisamos a ativação de discursos provenientes das disciplinas de teoria e crítica literárias em Sweet Tooth, romance do escritor inglês Ian McEwan. São quatro as formas examinadas: i. teorização sobre a metaficção; ii. teorizações diversas sobre a literatura em geral; iii. explicitação das técnicas utilizadas na construção da narrativa; iv. comentários críticos sobre outros escritores e outros textos literários. A imbricação de discursos funciona como uma forma de letramento literário, desenvolvido pelo próprio romance, em busca de formar leitores com uma maior capacidade reflexiva diante da literatura e da teoria e da crítica literárias.
Representações literárias da identidade e da alteridade em torno de estereótipos da cegueira
Authors: Sobreira Ricardo
Published: December 2018

No presente estudo, analisamos representações ficcionais de embates identitários entre o eu e o outro em uma narrativa literária contemporânea. Essas configurações das identidades e das diferenças são analisadas, com base em teorias interdisciplinares, no conto minimalista “Catedral” (1983), do autor norte-americano Raymond Carver. O texto literário problematiza a estereotipagem de alteridades por conta de raça, de gênero e de deficiências físicas. Nesse duelo de performances masculinas, o eu-narrador do conto vê-se obrigado a negociar simbolicamente suas próprias fobias e ansiedades em relação às diferenças.