bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conhecimento do cirurgião dentista sobre filmes radiográficos interferindo na otimização do processamento radiográfico
Authors: Araújo Dayane Dias , Araújo Douglas Dias , Gazolla Marina Santana , Dominguete Matheus Henrique Lopes , Oliveira Luiz Augusto Maia de , Graciano Kamila Prado Pereira , Oliveira Cátia Marisa Gazolla de
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o conhecimento sobre filmes radiográficos na odontologia e suas características, para definir o que melhor se enquadra nos seus procedimentos. Metodologia: Foi elaborado um questionário sobre filmes radiográficos quanto à seleção na aquisição, sensibilidade dos filmes e quais estão sendo utilizados. O questionário foi respondido por 50 cirurgiões-dentistas escolhidos aleatoriamente, excluindo-se os radiologistas. Resultados: Foi observado que 35 (70%) dos participantes disseram saber o que é sensibilidade e 29 (58%) afirmaram que compram o filme de acordo com a sensibilidade. Ao verificar o conhecimento real do assunto, menos da metade das questões foram respondidas corretamente. Outro fato importante, é que embora 35 (70%) dos participantes soubessem o que é sensibilidade, somente 16 (32%) deles estão usando os filmes mais sensíveis existentes no mercado. Observou-se também que 17 (34%) dos profissionais participantes têm entre vinte e trinta anos, sendo que 27 (54%) se formaram a partir do ano 2000. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que, apesar dos profissionais afirmarem saber o que é sensibilidade e escolher o filme por este motivo, na pratica isso não acontece. Os resultados destacam que é necessário um esclarecimento maior dos profissionais ao que se refere ao emprego das radiaçõesDescritores: Radiografia Dentária; Filme para Raios X; Conhecimento.
Assessment of the social expenditure impact on the economic growth in OECD countries
Authors: Malyovanyi Mykhaylo , Ivanova Nataliia , Melnyk Kateryna , Nepochatenko Oleksandr , Rolinskyi Oleksandr
Published: September 2018

Economic growth is exposed to many socio-economic factors that impact both the formation and allocation of resources. The theoretical part of this article discusses studies by various authors on the social expenditure impact on economic growth, the dependence of this influence on selected funding principles and social policy models. In the empirical part, using the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) procedure and the Fixed Effect Model, the impact of social expenditure on the economic growth in OECD countries is determined. An increased focus is put on assessing the long-term impact of the main types of social expenditures (public and private), based on different financing principles (distribution and accumulation), on the economic growth rates both in OECD in general and in the context of countries (based on the Esping-Andersen’s typology) grouped according to social policy models. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) an increase in the share of total social expenditures in the country’s GDP negatively affects economic growth; 2) an increase in the share of private social expenditures in the country’s GDP contributes to economic growth; 3) the obtained indicators of impact assessment are different depending on a social policy model chosen. The analysis is based on OECD panel data for the period 1980–2013.
Sera Gazı Salınımı ve Çevre Kirliliğinin Azaltılması Yönünden Yemlik Baklagillerin Önemi
Authors: Acar Zeki , CAN Mehmet , AŞÇI Özlem Önal , GÜLÜMSER Erdem , KAYMAK Gülcan , AYAN İlknur
Published: September 2018

Nüfus, şehirleşme oranı ve gelir artışı gibi nedenlerle yüksek kaliteli gıdalara (özellikle hayvansal gıdalar)olan talep dünya genelinde artmaktadır. Bu artışın gelecek yıllarda da sürmesi beklenmektedir. Bu durum gıdaüretiminin artırılması ve çevresel yönden sürdürülebilir bir sisteme oturtulması gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmaktadır.Son yüzyılda, atmosferdeki CO2 düzeyi yaklaşık 100 ppm, dünyanın ortalama ısısı 0.9 oC ve deniz suyu seviyesi 20cm kadar yükselmiştir. Hayvancılık faaliyetleri, tarımsal kimyasallar, çeltik tarımı, tarımda kullanılan makinalar veanız yakma gibi bazı tarımsal faaliyetler önemli düzeyde sera gazı salınımına neden olmaktadır. Yürütülen birçokaraştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, ekim nöbeti sistemlerinde ve hayvan beslemede yemlik baklagillerin kullanılması,sera gazı salınımı ve çevresel kirliliği önemli oranda azaltmaktadır. Bitkisel üretimde en sınırlayıcı elementazottur ve tarımda kullanılan azotlu gübrelerin üretiminde çok yüksek oranda sera gazı salınımına neden olanfosil yakıtlar kullanılmaktadır. Azotlu gübrelerin yerine, simbiyotik yolla N2 bağlayan baklagillerin tarım sisteminedahil edilmesi, daha çevre dostu ve sürdürülebilir bir uygulamadır. Baklagiller simbiyotik yolla yılda hektara 100-380 kg N bağlayabilme yeteneğindedirler. Hayvancılık, sindirim sistemi fermentasyonu, atık gübreler ve diğerüretim faaliyetleri sırasında ortaya çıkan CO2, CH4 ve N2O nedeniyle, tarımsal kökenli sera gazı salınımının enönemli kaynağıdır. Yemlik baklagillerin hayvan rasyonlarına katılması verimliliği artırırken, aynı zamanda et ve sütüretiminde CH4 ve N2O salınımını azaltmakta ve karbon tutumunu da artırmaktadır. Dünya genelinde antropojenikCH4 salınımının yaklaşık % 21-25’i hayvan sindirim sisteminde üretilmektedir. Bazı yemlik baklagiller bünyelerindetanen ve polifenoloksidaz gibi ikincil metabolitler bulundururlar. Bu maddeler hayvanın sindirim sisteminde metanoluşumunu azaltırlar ve ayrıca sindirilemeyen azotu idrar yerine dışkıya yönlendirirler. İdrardaki N hızlıca N2O’yadönüşüp, sera gazı olarak atmosfere geçerken, dışkıdaki azot organik madde olarak toprakta depolanır. Çayır-meraalanlarının ana bileşenlerinden olan yemlik baklagiller toprak-bitki-hayvan-atmosfer sisteminin farklı aşamalarındaçok önemli katkı sağlarlar.
Iğdır İlinin Meyvecilik Potansiyeli ve İl Ekonomisine Katkısı
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Mikdat , GÜLSOY Ersin , KARADAŞ Köksal
Published: September 2018

Mikroklima özelliği ve toprak yapısı sayesinde birçok tarım ürününün yetiştirilmesine olanak sağlayan vebu nedenle de “Doğu’nun Çukurovası” olarak anılan Iğdır’da tropik ve subtropik türler hariç birçok meyve türününticari olarak yetiştiriciliği mümkündür. Iğdır ilinin özellikle elma, kayısı ve şeftali üretimi diğer meyve türlerinegöre daha fazla öne çıkmaktadır. Iğdır’da 2017 yılı toplam meyve üretimi 82.163 ton olarak gerçekleşmiş, buüretim miktarının toplam değeri 37.964.493 $’dır. İlçelere göre 2017 yılı toplam meyve üretimi dikkate alındığında24.189 ton üretim ile Tuzluca ilçesi ilk sırada gelmektedir. Yine 2017 yılı toplam meyve üretiminin meyve türlerinegöre dağılımı dikkate alındığında Iğdır ilinde 44.246 ton elma, 31.416 ton kayısı ve 3.828 ton şeftali üretimiyapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Iğdır ilinin mevcut meyvecilik potansiyelinin ortaya konulmasi amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıcabu potansiyelin değerlendirilmesi ve yönlendirilmesi ile ilgili olarak ileriye dönük üretim planlamalarında kararvericilere ışık tutmak hedeflenmiştir.
Artemisia santanicum L. ve Artemisia absinthium L. Uçucu Yağlarının Çam Keseböceği (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae))’ne Larvasidal Etkisi
Authors: BOZHÜYÜK Ayşe Usanmaz , KESDEK Memiş , KORDALİ Şaban , ÖZCAN Sebile
Published: September 2018

Çam Keseböceği (Taumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)),Türkiye ve tüm Dünya ormanlık alanlarında bulunan en zararlı böceklerden birisidir. Bugüne kadar zararlıyı kontroletmek için pek çok yöntem kullanılmıştır. Fakat bu sorun günümüzde hala devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı,Artemisia santanicum L. ve Artemisia absinthium L. bitkilerinden elde edilen uçucu yağların, laboratuvar şartlarındaçam keseböceğinin 1., 2., 3., 4. ve 5. dönem larvaları üzerindeki larvasidal etkilerini tespit etmektir. Bu uçucuyağların toksiditesini tespit etmek için her bir petriye (9 × 1.5 cm) 10’ar adet larva konulmuştur. T. pityocampa’nıntüm larva dönemlerine karşı her bir doz (10, 15 ve 20 μL petri-1) uçucu yağın püskürtülmesinden sonra, her petrikabına larvaların beslenmesi için 4-10’ar g taze kızılçam yaprağı (Pinus brutia Ten.) yerleştirilmiş ve petrilerinkapağı kapatılarak, etrafı parafilmle sarılmıştır. Bütün testler, 25 ºC (±1) sıcaklık ve % 65 (±5) orantılı nemde,14/10 aydınlık/karanlık laboratuvar şartlarında yapılmıştır. Kontrol olarak Steril Su+Etanol ve pozitif kontrololarak ise ticari insektisit Dimilin@ 25 WP (%25 Diflubenzuron) kullanılmıştır. Tüm testler 3’er kez tekrarlanmıştır.Uygulamadan sonra, 12., 24., 36. ve 48. saatlerdeki larva ölümleri kaydedilmiştir. Larva ölümleri % 6.66-% 100oranlarında bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında her iki uçucu yağın, T. pityocampa’nın larvadönemlerinin tamamında larvasidal etkiye sahip olduklarını göstermektedir.
Aksaray İli Madenciliğinin SWOT Analizi
Authors: ÇELEBİ Hakan , GÖK Gülden , GÜLLÜ Özlem
Published: September 2018

Madencilik faaliyetleri sonucu oluşabilen çevre sorunları genel olarak, pasa yığınları, çukurların oluşması,çeşitli kimyasallar, açığa çıkan her türlü katı, sıvı atıklar ve gaz emisyonları şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. Aksarayİli sahip olduğu jeolojik yapı nedeniyle özellikle endüstriyel madenler bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Buçalışmada, madencilik faaliyetleri sonucu oluşabilecek çevresel sorunları incelenerek, madenlerin SWOT (Güçlü-Zayıf Yönler/Fırsatlar-Tehditler) analizi yapılmıştır. SWOT analizi sonucunda Aksaray’ın madencilik yönündensahip olduğu güçlü ve zayıf yanlar ile dış çevreden kaynaklanan fırsat ve tehditler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Parametric Study of The Parameters Affecting Concrete Pavement Thickness
Authors: KICI Aydın , TİĞDEMİR Mesut , KALYONCUOĞLU Şengül Figen
Published: September 2018

Concrete pavements are the superstructure elements that can serve for a long time withoutdeterioration. Concrete pavements are using intensively for interstate highways where heavy traffic volume ishigh, parking facilities, airfields and industrial facilities. One of the most important features of concrete pavements,which are widely used in interstate roads in America, is more environmentally friendly compared to flexiblesuperstructures. This increases the need for concrete pavements in our time when sustainability is important.Because of the complex concrete properties and soil properties, the concrete pavement design is complex thanexpected. Due to the complexity of the designs, they were previously designed based on experiences. Subsequently,design methods with both mechanical and experimental infrastructure have been developed thanks to mechanicalmethods. Among these design methods, PCA 1984 and AASHTO 1993 are the most widely used for concretepavement design. Both the PCA 1984 and the AASHTO 1993 design method are used concrete properties, subgradereaction, and traffic characteristics as input parameters. In this study, three main parameters affecting concretepavement thickness (concrete properties, soil reaction and traffic) were examined according to AASHTO and PCAmethods. By this way, the correlation between pavement thickness and these parameters is shown. Another resultobtained from this study is which parameters are more sensitive to concrete pavement thickness.
Farklı Metal (Bakır, Çinko, Kurşun, Kalsiyum ve Mangan) Oksitlerin Sıcak Baca Gazı Kükürt Tutma Aktiviteleri
Authors: KANCA Arzu
Published: September 2018

Bu çalışma, düşük sıcaklıklarda kükürt tutma aktivitesi bilinen beş metal oksitin (CuO, ZnO, PbO, CaO ve MnO) yüksek sıcaklıkta gösterecekleri kükürt giderme performanslarını test etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Özellikle yüksek kükürt içeren linyitlerin enerji üretimi amacıyla kullanıldığı ülkemizde yüksek kükürt içeriğinin neden olduğu çevresel sorunlar linyit kullanımı için önemli bir sınırlayıcı engeldir. Bu engeli aşmak için önerilen çözümler ise genellikle açığa çıkan sıcak baca gazlarının soğutulması sonrasında kükürtün metal oksit temelli bir adsorbent yardımıyla tutulmasına dayanmaktadır. Yanma prosesine alternatif olan ve temiz kömür teknolojisi olarak bilinen gazlaştırma prosesleri ise sentez gazı (CO ve H2) üzerinden petrol üretimine imkan vermektedir. Kömürün gazlaştırılmasıyla enerji üreten sistemlerde sıcak baca gazlarının soğutulmasının neden olduğu enerji kayıplarını önlemek için, kükürtü sıcak baca gazlarından uzaklaştırmak gerekir. Bu sebeple kükürtün giderimi için kullanılan metal oksitlerin yüksek sıcaklıkta gösterdikleri kükürt giderim aktiviteleri hem çevresel bir sorunu gidermek hem de enerji verimini artırmak adına son derece önemlidir.
Kalsiyum Karbonat Polimorflarının Oluşumuna Yaşlandırma Süresinin Etkisi
Authors: DOĞAN Özlem
Published: September 2018

Bu çalışmada, yaşlandırma süresinin, başlangıç reaktan konsantrasyonunun, reaktan besleme hızınınve katkı maddesinin kalsiyum karbonat kristalizasyonuna etkisi ıslak çöktürme yöntemi ile incelenmiştir.Kristalizasyon deneylerinde çöken faza belirlenen sürelerde yaşlandırma işlemi uygulanmış ve elde edilen kristallerFourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopi (FT-IR) ve X-Işınları Toz Difraksiyon (XRD) metotları ile karakterizeedilmiştir. CaCO3 kristallerinin polimorflarının oluşumunda yaşlandırma süresinin ve kullanılan polimerik katkımaddesinin etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
Forward osmosis treatment of effluents from dairy and automobile industry – results from short-term experiments to show general applicability
Authors: Haupt A. , Lerch A.
Published: September 2018

Forward osmosis (FO) is a potential membrane technology to treat wastewater energy efficiently with low fouling. In laboratory-scale experiments, six effluents from a dairy and an automobile production plant were tested to find out if FO is an applicable treatment technology. Permeate flux and reverse salt flux were determined in nine test series with three subsequent 5 h experiments each. In between, the membrane was cleaned with deionized water. Membrane performance tests before each experiment were used to monitor membrane performance and fouling. Samples were analysed and the T/M-value was introduced to indicate which substances caused fouling. Dairy cheese brine was a suitable DS. Here, permeate fluxes were 21.0 and 15.1 L/(m²·h). Automobile cooling tower water and wastewater from cathodic dip painting were also used as DS. However, permeate fluxes were below 1.1 L/(m²·h). The tested FS, reverse osmosis concentrate from dairy wastewater treatment, rinsing water and wastewater from automobile cathodic dip painting, as well as wastewater from automobile paint shop pre-treatment, showed good performance regarding the permeate flux of between 7.9 and 19.4 L/(m²·h). Membrane performance test showed that some of the effluents lead to permeate flux reduction due to fouling. Different cleaning-in-place methods were examined. Eventually, permeate flux was restored.
Effect of kaolin on floc properties for reactive orange removal in continuous coagulation process
Authors: Zhao Jianhai , Wang Anmin , Wei Lei , Ge Wenqi , Chi Yongzhi , Lai Yanping
Published: September 2018

Magnesium hydroxide was used as a coagulant for treating reactive orange wastewater in a real continuous process. Effects of kaolin on coagulation performance and floc properties were investigated with controlled experiments through floc size distribution, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Kaolin had significant influence on magnesium hydroxide-reactive orange floc formation and growth. The results showed that average floc size reached 16.31, 12.88 and 20.50 μm, respectively, in the rapid mixer, flocculation basin and sedimentation tank when kaolin concentration was 10 mg/L and reactive orange initial concentration was 0.25 g/L. The floc size tended to increase with the increase of kaolin suspension to 10 mg/L. All of the flocs under investigation showed that floc breakage led to decreased average floc size and remained stable in the flocculation basin. Reactive orange and kaolin could be removed effectively in the continuous coagulation process. Reactive orange was adsorbed in the surface of magnesium hydroxide through charge neutralization and adsorption.
Arsenate removal from aqueous solution using chitosan-coated bentonite, chitosan-coated kaolinite and chitosan-coated sand: parametric, isotherm and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Futalan Cybelle M. , Huang Yu-Shen , Chen Jheng-Hong , Wan Meng-Wei
Published: September 2018

In the present work, the removal efficiency of As(V) from aqueous solution using chitosan-coated bentonite (CCB), chitosan-coated kaolinite (CCK) and chitosan-coated sand (CCS) was evaluated. The chitosan-based adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method and thermogravimetric analysis. Kinetic studies revealed that As(V) uptake using CCB, CCK and CCS fitted well with the pseudo-second order equation (R2 ≥ 0.9847; RMSE ≤ 9.1833). Equilibrium data show good correlation with the Langmuir model (R2 ≥ 0.9753; RMSE ≤ 8.5123; SSE ≤ 16.2651) for all adsorbents, which implies monolayer coverage onto homogenous energy sites. The Langmuir adsorption capacity for As(V) at pH 7.0 was determined to be 67.11, 64.85, and 16.78 mg/g for CCB, CCK and CCS, respectively. Thermodynamic studies show that As(V) uptake is exothermic in nature using CCK and endothermic using CCB and CCS. Moreover, adsorption of As(V) was feasible and spontaneous for CCB and CCS at 298 to 328 K. Results show that CCB is the most effective adsorbent in the removal of As(V) from water due to its high surface area and large pore diameter.
Preparation and characterization of chitosan/Fe2O3 nano composite for the adsorption of thorium (IV) ion from aqueous solution
Authors: Broujeni B. Rouhi , Nilchi A. , Hassani A. H. , Saberi R.
Published: September 2018

In this study, novel chitosan/Fe2O3nano composite Ch/Fe-Onc was synthesized and evaluated as an adsorbent for removing thorium (IV) (Th4+) ion from aqueous solution. The Ch/Fe-Onc was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used in the optimization of Th4+ adsorption for parameters such as pH, the initial metal ion concentration (Th4+ concentration) and contact time. The statistical measures (i.e. analysis of variance, R2, the lack of fit test and the P value) specify that the developed model is proper. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics was well defined by the pseudo-second-order equation, while the adsorption isotherms were better fitted by the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity of Ch/Fe-Onc was 430 mg Th4+g−1 composite which leads to 99% removal at 25 °C. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters which state the natural and endothermic nature of the reactions were determined. The loaded Th4+ can be easily regenerated with HNO3 and the Ch/Fe-Onc can be used repeatedly without any significant reduction in its adsorption capacity. The desorption level of Th4+ from the Ch/Fe-Onc by using 0.1 M HNO3, was more than 95%.
Evaluation of two statistical approaches for estimating pollutant loads at adjacent combined sewer overflow structures
Authors: Ly Duy Khiem , Maruéjouls Thibaud , Binet Guillaume , Litrico Xavier , Bertrand-Krajewski Jean-Luc
Published: September 2018

Quantifying pollutant loads from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) is necessary for assessing impacts of urban drainage on receiving water bodies. Based on data obtained at three adjacent CSO structures in the Louis Fargue catchment in Bordeaux, France, this study implements multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest regression (RFR) approaches to develop statistical models for estimating emitted loads of total suspended solids (TSS). Comparison between hierarchical clustering selection and random selection of CSO events for model calibration is included in model development. The results indicate that selection of the model's explanatory variables depends on both the type of approach and the CSO structure. By using the cluster technique to select representative events for model calibration, model predictability is generally improved. For the available dataset, MLR may have advantages over RFR in terms of verification performance and lower range of error due to splitting events for calibration and verification. But RFR model uncertainty bands are considerably narrower than the MLR ones.
Questions to the structure and culture of the new paradigm of management of new public management
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: September 2018

This paper aims to critically analyze the structure and the new culture of public administration paradigm named as the new administration or public management of public organizations. The main challenge is to try to explain why the dysfunctional management practices in the structure and the new culture of public organizations that are copied from focusing on administrative processes management practices of private organizations model. In doing so, it has been reviewed the literature in general from the perspective of neo-institutionalism on this subject and by using the method of critical analysis of organizations. More than dysfunctions, in this work the main challenges and worries to the implementation of the paradigm of management or governance are identified. Despite the theoretical -methodological nuances of the new institutional economy and its implications for economic theory, it is inadequate to describe only subtly strategies of the private management. This paper presents an original approach to the critical analysis of new public management. The revision of the paradigm of new public management is carried out essentially in the methodological steps needed to question and identify the action of the state in the administration of organizations and public agencies, by applying the specific management practices, based on the theoretical and methodological framework of the new institutionalism critical criteria.
Aguas residuales urbanas y sus efectos en la comunidad de Paso Blanco, municipio de Jesús María, Aguascalientes
Authors: Jacobo García Flor del Rocío
Published: September 2018

La investigación tiene por finalidad identificar los factores de riesgo relacionados con el agua residual urbana del río Chicalote y cómo afectan a la comunidad de Paso Blanco. La estrategia metodológica fue de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo, mediante la aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas por hogar. Entre los resultados, se determina que los principales factores de riesgo son la exposición al agua residual urbana, a la inundación, a un derrame de tóxicos en el río y a las enfermedades provocadas por este contacto. Las limitaciones de la investigación fueron la falta de estudios químicos sobre la calidad del agua en el río Chicalote. Se subraya, como valor del trabajo, que esta es la primera investigación social realizada en la comunidad de Paso Blanco sobre los riesgos que implica vivir cerca del río Chicalote. Finalmente, se encontraron división entre la población en cuanto a la percepción del riesgo y en la manera en que lo asumen los pobladores, principalmente los que viven cerca del río.
Capos, celebridades e instituciones estatales: “La Reina del Sur” frente al Estado mexicano
Authors: Arteaga Nelson
Published: September 2018

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar cómo ciertos comportamientos de las celebridades icónicas generan debates en la opinión pública que cuestionan el orden social y político. Estos debates se analizan como narrativas en competencia que juzgan en términos binarios los motivos, las relaciones y las instituciones de las celebridades. Como resultado, se observó que las representaciones sociales operan como marcos de interpretación para juzgar el comportamiento de una celebridad así como de la justicia. Es necesario explorar cómo se construyen otras narrativas en competencia con otras celebridades para observar las dinámicas de construcción del orden. Entre los aportes y originalidad del trabajo destaca que se abordó el escándalo que generó la entrevista de una actriz mexicana a uno de los narcotraficantes más buscados en México y Estados Unidos. Finalmente, se observa cómo el debate estuvo pautado por la imputación a la actriz de las atribuciones del personaje que interpretó en una serie televisiva.
Modified LDL Particles Activate Inflammatory Pathways in Monocyte-derived Macrophages: Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Orekhov Alexander N. , Oishi Yumiko , Nikiforov Nikita G. , Zhelankin Andrey V. , Dubrovsky Larisa , Sobenin Igor A. , Kel Alexander , Stelmashenko Daria , Makeev Vsevolod J. , Foxx Kathy , Jin Xueting , Kruth Howard S. , Bukrinsky Michael
Published: September 2018

Background:

A hallmark of atherosclerosis is its complex pathogenesis, which is dependent on altered
cholesterol metabolism and inflammation. Both arms of pathogenesis involve myeloid cells. Monocytes migrating
into the arterial walls interact with modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, accumulate cholesterol and
convert into foam cells, which promote plaque formation and also contribute to inflammation by producing proinflammatory
cytokines. A number of studies characterized transcriptomics of macrophages following interaction
with modified LDL, and revealed alteration of the expression of genes responsible for inflammatory response and
cholesterol metabolism. However, it is still unclear how these two processes are related to each other to contribute
to atherosclerotic lesion formation.

Methods:

We attempted to identify the main mater regulator genes in macrophages treated with atherogenic
modified LDL using a bioinformatics approach.

Results:

We found that most of the identified genes were involved in inflammation, and none of them was
implicated in cholesterol metabolism. Among the key identified genes were interleukin (IL)-7, IL-7 receptor, IL-
15 and CXCL8.

Conclusion:

Our results indicate that activation of the inflammatory pathway is the primary response of the
immune cells to modified LDL, while the lipid metabolism genes may be a secondary response triggered by
inflammatory signalling.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 18 Associate with Atherosclerotic Lipid Accumulation In situ and In vitro
Authors: Orekhov Alexander N. , Nikiforov Nikita G. , Elizova Natalia V. , Korobov Gleb A. , Aladinskaya Anastasia V. , Sobenin Igor A. , Bobryshev Yuri V.
Published: September 2018

Atherosclerosis is regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease associated with changes in the innate
immune system functioning and cytokine disturbances. Local inflammation in the arterial wall is an important
component in the development and growth of atherosclerotic plaques. Inside the lesions, both pro- and antiinflammatory
cytokines were detected, highlighting the complexity of the atherosclerotic process. However, little
is known about the expression of these signaling molecules in early human atherosclerotic lesions. In this study,
we explored localization of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and anti-inflammatory
chemokine, C-C motif chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18), in the arterial wall of human aorta. We noticed differences
in the intensity of staining for TNFα and CCL18 in atherosclerotic lesions and grossly normal areas, as well as
differences in their localization. While CCL18 prevailed in the areas close to the aortic lumen, TNFα was localized
in deeper layers of the intima. We next studied the expression of TNFα and CCL18 mRNA in lesions corresponding
to different stages of atherosclerosis progression and found that it was maximal in lipofibrous plaques
that are most enriched in lipids. To test the hypothesis that cytokine expression can be associated with lipid accumulation,
we studied the TNFα and CCL18 expression profiles in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages
after inducing lipid accumulation by incubating cultured cells with atherogenic LDL. We found that intracellular
cholesterol accumulation was associated with upregulation of both TNFα and CCL18, confirming our
hypothesis. These results encourage further investigation of cytokine expression in human atherosclerotic lesions
and its role in the atherosclerosis progression.
Medicinal Plants and Atherosclerosis: A Review on Molecular Aspects
Authors: Gholipour Sajedeh , Sewell Robert D. E. , Lorigooini Zahra , Rafieian-Kopaei Mahmoud
Published: September 2018

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory vascular disease that is characterized by progressive accumulation
of cholesterol in the arterial walls and it is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Issues related to the side effects
of synthetic drugs have in recent times, led to the misuse of drugs, a lack of patient consultations, and consequently,
a disruption in meticulous disease control. Therefore, a new insight into medicinal plants has recently
emerged and much research has been conducted on these herbs in an attempt to prepare novel naturally based
drugs. The aim of this review article was to scrutinize the molecular mechanisms of medicinal plants possessing
effectiveness against atherosclerosis. To conduct the review, electronic searches were performed to retrieve potentially
relevant publications, indexed within internet databases and reference textbooks concerning the effects
and underlying molecular mechanisms of plants or their constituents used to treat atherosclerosis. Overall, medicinal
plants facilitate atherosclerosis treatment through a variety of mechanisms which include the regulation of
expression of inflammatory factors, stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), inhibition
of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), promotion of ATP-binding
cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) as well as ATP-binding cassette transporter G (ABCG), facilitation of adiponectin
activity, reduction of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and antioxidant activity. An
increased perception of these herbal mechanistic links is an important prelude to the design of novel plant based
drugs.
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), Glutathione and Breast Cancer: Factors, Mechanism and Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Sharma Anil K. , Sharma Var R. , Gupta Girish K. , Ashraf Ghulam Md. , Kamal Mohammad A.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) are basically the end result of glycation of proteins
and/or lipids in the presence of sugars. Specific cases of hyperglycemia have been reported with increased propensity
of generation of AGEs. Many chronic and deadly diseases such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative
disorders have been known to be caused as a result of generation of AGEs. The role of glutathione (GSH) metabolism
and its intricate association with AGEs have also been well established in breast cancer prognosis and treatment.
To understand the etiology, mechanism and production of AGEs along with clinical relevance of Receptors for Advanced
Glycation End-products (RAGE) and RAGE ligands, their interplay with GSH is of paramount importance
especially in relation to breast cancer.

Methods:

The available literature using PubMed, National Library of Medicine database, Web of Science and SCOPUS
indexed, Science Direct and other prestigious journals have been systematically reviewed using the keywords:
advanced glycation end-products, breast cancer, glutathione RAGE, and AGEs inhibitors. This narrative review of all
the relevant papers with significant citations has led us to have greater insight into the action mechanism and potential
therapeutic significance of AGEs inhibitors.

Results:

Targeting breast cancer with the specific immunoglobulins and with other therapeutic interventions is
needed to inhibit the generation of AGEs and manage glutathione expression, thus having strong implications in the
management of breast cancer. Many RAGE ligands such as HMGB1, S100P, S100A8, S100A9 etc. have been
known to enhance RAGE expression which may further lead to increased proliferation, migration and metastatic
nature of tumor cells. Hence, RAGE and RAGE ligands in a close linkup with GSH may prove to be effective therapeutic
markers of severity of breast cancer and for angiogenesis of tumor.

Conclusion:

This review provides a strong platform to comprehend the etiology, mechanism and production of
AGEs and glutathione along with the agents which can block their production, paving a way for the therapeutic intervention
and an amicable solution to treat and manage breast cancer.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Osthol Derivatives as Potent Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Farooq Saleem , Banday Javid A. , Hussain Aashiq , Nazir Momina , Qurishi Mushtaq A. , Hamid Abid , Koul Surrinder
Published: September 2018

Background:

Natural product, osthol has been found to have important biological and
pharmacological roles particularly having inhibitory effect on multiple types of cancer.

Objective:

The unmet needs in cancer therapeutics make its derivatization an important and exciting
field of research. Keeping this in view, a whole new series of diverse analogues of osthol (1)
were synthesized.

Method:

All the newly synthesized compounds were made through modification in the lactone
ring as well as in the side chain of the osthol molecule and were subjected to anti-proliferative
screening through 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-yl)-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) against four
different human cancers of diverse origins viz. Colon (Colo-205), lung (A549), Leukemia (THP-
1) and breast (MCF-7) including SV40 transformed normal breast epithelial cell (fR-2).

Results:

Interestingly, among the tested molecules, most of the analogs displayed better antiproliferative
activity than the parent Osthol 1. However, among all the tested analogs, compound
28 exhibited the best results against leukemia (THP1) cell line with IC50 of 5µM.Compound 28
induced potent apoptotic effects and G1 phase arrest in leukemia cancer cells (THP1). The population
of apoptotic cells increased from 13.8% in negative control to 26.9% at 8μM concentration
of 28. Compound 28 also induced a remarkable decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential
(ΛΨm) leading to apoptosis of the cancer cells.

Conclusion:

A novel series of molecules derived from natural product osthol were synthesized,
wherein compound 28 was found to be most effective against leukemia and with 10 fold less toxicity
against normal cells. The compound induced cancer inhibition mainly through apoptosis and
thus has a potential in cancer therapeutics.
Anticancer Activity and Topoisomerase II Inhibition of Naphthalimides with ω-Hydroxylalkylamine Side-Chains of Different Lengths
Authors: Tomczyk Mateusz D. , Byczek-Wyrostek Anna , Strama Klaudia , Wawszków Martyna , Kasprzycki Przemysław , Walczak Krzysztof Z.
Published: September 2018

Background:

The substituted 1,8-Naphthalimides (1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-
diones) are known as DNA intercalators stabilizing DNA-Topoisomerase II complexes. This interaction
disrupts the cleavage-relegation equilibrium of Topo II, resulting in formation of broken
strands of DNA.

Objective:

To investigate the influence of type of substituents and substitution positions in 1,8-
naphthalimde skeleton on the inhibition of Topoisomerase II activity.

Methods:

The starting 1,8-naphthalimide were prepared from acenaphthene by introduction of
appropriate substituents followed by condensation with ω-hydroxylakylamines of different chain
length. The substituents were introduced to 1,8-naphthalimide molecule by nucleophilic substitution
of leaving groups like nitro or bromo present in 4 or 4,5- positions using the ω-
hydroxylalkylamines. The bioactivity of obtained compounds was examined in model cell lines.

Results:

Antiproliferative activity of selected compounds against HCT 116 human colon cancer
cells, human non-small cell lung cells A549 and non-tumorigenic BEAS-2B human bronchial
epithelium cells was examined. Several of investigated compounds exhibit a significant activity
(IC50 µM to 7 µM) against model cancer cell lines. It was demonstrated that upon treatment with
concentration of 200 µM, all derivatives display Topo II inhibitory activity, which may be compared
with activity of Amonafide.

Conclusion:

The replacement of the nitro groups in the chromophore slightly reduces its anticancer
activities, whereas the presence of both nitro group and ω-hydroxylalkylamine chain resulted
in seriously increased anticancer activity. Obtained compounds showed Topo II inhibitory activity,
moreover, influence of the substitution pattern on the ability to inhibit Topo II activity and
cancer cells proliferation was observed.
Chitosan in Biomedical Engineering: A Critical Review
Authors: Mohebbi Shabnam , Nezhad Mojtaba Nasiri , Zarrintaj Payam , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Gholizadeh Saman Seyed , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Mozafari Masoud
Published: September 2018

Biomedical engineering seeks to enhance the quality of life by developing advanced materials and technologies. Chitosan-based biomaterials have attracted significant attention because of having unique chemical structures with desired biocompatibility and biodegradability, which play different roles in membranes, sponges and scaffolds, along with promising biological properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. Therefore, chitosan derivatives have been widely used in a vast variety of uses, chiefly pharmaceuticals and biomedical engineering. It is attempted here to draw a comprehensive overview of chitosan emerging applications in medicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, gene therapy, cancer therapy, ophthalmology, dentistry, bio-imaging, bio-sensing and diagnosis. The use of Stem Cells (SCs) has given an interesting feature to the use of chitosan so that regenerative medicine and therapeutic methods have benefited from chitosan-based platforms. Plenty of the most recent discussions with stimulating ideas in this field are covered that could hopefully serve as hints for more developed works in biomedical engineering.
Celastrus Orbiculatus Extract Potentiates the Sensitivity of Cisplatin Via Caspase-Depenent Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wang Weimin , Zhou Yan , Yao Qiang , Liu Weihua , Xiang Liangliang , Ni Tengyang , Dai Xiaojun , Liu Yanqing
Published: September 2018

Background:

Cisplatin-based treatment often leads to therapeutic failure because the acquisition of
cisplatin resistance. The combination of cisplatin with other agents has been recognized as a promising strategy to
overcome cisplatin resistance.

Objective:

Celastrus orbiculatus is a traditional Chinese medicine from Celastraceae family with multiple
pharmacological activities. We previously found that the ethyl acetate extract of Celastrus orbiculatus (COE)
exhibited significant antitumor activity in gastric cancer. Here, we asked whether COE could increase the sensitivity
of cisplatin.

Methods:

We use CCK8 assay to show synergistic cytotoxicity of COE and cisplatin. Then, PI single staining and
FITC-Annexin V/PI double staining were used to observe apoptotic cells through flow cytometry. The proteins of
caspase signaling pathway were examined by Western blotting.

Results:

COE and cisplatin showed synergistic cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in BGC 823 and SGC 7901
gastric cancer cells, and COE could increase the number of apoptotic cells upon cisplatin treatment in vitro.
Moreover, our results indicated that COE could enhance cisplatin–induced activation of caspase-8 or caspase-
9/caspase-3/PARP1 signaling pathways. The xenograft study further confirmed that COE increased the sensitivity of
cisplatin in vivo.

Conclusion:

Our findings provided new evidence that COE could increase the sensitivity of cisplatin on the
antitumor effect.
Protective Effects of Curcumin Against Nephrotoxic Agents
Authors: Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed , Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen , Shahri Ali M.P.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Curcumin is the one of the main phenolic ingredients in curcuma species rhizome. Curcuma species have traditionally been used for the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular, and renal diseases.

Methods:

The present study was designed to review the scientific literature on the protective effects of curcumin against nephrotoxic agents.

Results:

Studies have shown the protective effects of curcumin against nephrotoxic agents such as gallic acid, glucose, tartrazine, streptozotocin, lead, cadmium, fluoride, maleate, malathion, nicotine, cisplatin, gentamicin, and methotrexate. However, further investigations are needed to determine the efficacy of curcumin as an antidote agent due to the lack of clinical trial studies. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct clinical trials in humans to confirm these effects.

Conclusion:

The current review indicated that curcumin may be effective against nephrotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
Çocuklarda Ameliyathane Dışı Anestezi Uygulamaları
Authors: Keskin Gülsen
Published: September 2018

Son yıllarda sağlık alanındaki teknolojik gelişmeler, ameliyathane dışı ortamlarda çocuklara yönelik tanısal ve girişimsel işlemler için sedasyon ve analjezi ihtiyacını arttırmıştır. Çocuğun yaşına, psikolojik durumuna, mevcut hastalığına ve yapılacak işleme uygun sedasyon yöntemi seçilmelidir. Ameliyathane dışı anestezi ekibinin varlığı sedasyon başarısını arttırırken, ortaya çıkabilecek olumsuzluklara engel olur.Sağlık alanındaki gelişmelerle ameliyathane dışı tanı ve tedavi uygulamaları giderek artmakta ve anesteziyologlar için yeni zorluklar oluşturmaktadır. Radyoloji, Gastroenteroloji, Üroloji, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum, Kardiyoloji, Nöroloji, Çocuk Hematoloji ve Onkoloji, Psikiyatri, Göğüs Hastalıkları, Kulak Burun Boğaz Bölümü ve Diş Hekimliği gibi birçok alanda ameliyathane dışı anestezi (ADA) uygulamaları yapılmaktadır.
A STUDY OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE PRACTICE IN SELANGOR
Authors: Cheen Khor Soo , Yieh Lim Chin , Adullateef Ashola Olanrewaju , Nik Yahya Nik Nurul Hidayah , Han Wai Soon , Yusof Mohamad Nizam
Published: September 2018

The development of construction sector has produced mass volume of construction waste. The aim of this research is to give background information on the construction waste problem in Selangor and to acknowledge the practical method of management in order to reduce construction waste. The quantification of construction waste is used to measure the waste index of the construction project in Selangor. A survey is conducted in order to collect the data needed in quantification of construction waste. The data is used to calculate the project waste indexes for construction projects. The amount of waste can therefore be detected explicitly to alert the construction stakeholders for undertaking preventive measures to reduce the waste production. The approaches adopted for construction waste reduction are stated in this research. The findings revealed that the studied companies practiced good management methods for construction waste. The results were prominent when compared with the benchmarked waste index of construction projects and demolition in Hong Kong.
A REVIEW OF IBS IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE
Authors: Abdul Rahim Asiah , Qureshi Sara Latif
Published: September 2018

This paper is a review of IBS implementation in Malaysia and Singapore. It investigates the limitations and opportunities in implementation of IBS in Malaysia and Singapore. In Malaysia, Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) defines Industrialised Building System (IBS) as a construction technique in which components are manufactured in a controlled environment (either onsite or offsite), then transported, positioned and installed into a structure with less additional onsite works. Content analysis is the method adopted in this study. Data is collected from books, journal articles, annual reports and newspaper articles. Studies show that IBS contributes many benefits including labour reduction, cleaner and neater sites, easy installation, fast completion, enhancement of quality finished products and flexibility. Construction industries in countries like Singapore and Malaysia have shifted the construction methods from conventional to prefabrication. In Malaysia, Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) is still promoting IBS in the private sector, whereas, government sector has successfully adopted IBS. However, in Singapore, Housing and Development Board (HDB) has implemented prefabrication in its construction industry. IBS has many benefits but with these benefits there are some limitations and hindrances as IBS is not widely adopted. This study highlights the benefits and challenges to overcome for the improvement in the implementation of IBS.
Perancangan Ulang Fasilitas Dan Ruang Produksi Untuk Meningkatkan Output Produksi
Authors: Murnawan Hery , Wati Putu Eka Dewi Karunia
Published: September 2018

This research discusses the redesign of facility layout on metal smelting SMEs that experienced changes in the type of products produced due to shifting consumer needs. Changes in the type of product produced affect the flow of the production process and result in decreased productivity. This study aims to redesign facilities adapted to the type of product produced. Re-layout processes using the conventional method is started by making the operation process chart, drawing the initial layout, and calculate the total moment of product using the From-to Chart (FTC). By using some trial obtained a trial layout that can increase the productivity based on the total moment of the product and the number of output that can be produced. This study also determines the Cost of Production (HPP) for all metal casting products and compares them with previous conditions. This study shows that by re-layout, the output will be greater and the cost of production is cheaper.
Gambaran Angka Prevalensi Mikrofilaria di Kabupaten Banyuasin Pasca Pengobatan Massal Tahap III
Authors: Oktarina Reni , Santoso Santoso , Taviv Yulian
Published: September 2018

Filariasis is a chronic infectious disease that can cause permanent disability. One effort to  interrupt transmission of filariasis is the Mass Drug Administration filariasis (MDA filariasis) in endemic areas of filariasis for 5 years. In 2012, MDA filariasis was carried out in all regions of Banyuasin. After treatment the 3rd year, it is necessary to evaluate the prevalence of microfilaria and microfilaria density. This activity  was conducted by finger blood survey to people who’s living in sentinel and spot villages. This study selected  930 people  for SDJ activities The test results obtained  4 positive of microfilaria Brugia malayi. The prevalence or microfilaria rate (Mf rate) in the village of sentinel was 0,96 with microfilaria density were 938/mL of blood, Mf rate in spot village was 0.31 with a microfilaria density were 217.75/mL of blood, while the Mf rate district was 0.43 with a microfilaria density were 716.06/mL of blood. People who suffer filiariasis mostly are  farmers/fishermen. The prevalence of microfilariae in Banyuasin decreased, but the risk of transmission can still occur because of the density of microfilariae found> 50/mL of blood.