bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Index Combining Pan‐Immune‐Inflammatory Index and Hemoglobin Levels (PIV/Hb) Predicts Trismus Rates Efficiently after Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Somay Efsun , Yilmaz Busra , Topkan Erkan , Ozdemir Beyza Sirin , Ozturk Duriye , Besen Ali Ayberk , Mertsoylu Huseyin , Selek Ugur
Published: September 2024

Purpose. To evaluate the predictive potency of a novel index combining the pan‐immune‐inflammatory index and hemoglobin levels (PIV/Hb) for the prevalence of radiation‐induced trismus (RIT) in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (LA‐NPC) receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Methods. Data from 228 LA‐NPC patients were retrospectively examined. Maximum mouth openings (MMO) were measured to confirm the presence of RIT, defined as MMOs ≤35 mm. Complete blood test results from the first day of CCRT were used to calculate PIV/Hb levels. A potential relationship between pretreatment PIV/Hb and the RIT status was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results. Post‐CCRT RIT was diagnosed in 20.2% of the patients. The ROC curve analysis determined 68.4 g/dL as the ideal PIV/Hb cutoff that effectively divided patients into two distinct groups (area under the curve: 94.7%; specificity: 86.4%; sensitivity: 87.4%). RIT was significantly more prevalent in the PIV/Hb > 68 group than in the PIV/Hb < 68 group (58.8% vs. 3.8%; P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a pre‐CCRT PIV > 68 was independently associated with significantly higher rates of RIT. Conclusion. Higher pretreatment levels of the novel PIV/Hb index predict increased RIT rates following definitive CCRT for LA‐NPCs.
Ocular Biometric and Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters in Former Preterm Children: A Cohort Study
Authors: Najjaran Marzieh , Zarei-Ghanavati Siamak , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Yekta Abbasali , Shoeibi Nasser , Hemmati Armin , Abrishami Mojtaba , Akhlaghi Saeed , Ziaei Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Purpose. To compare biometric and optical coherence tomography parameters as well as refractive status in preterm children aged 4–8 years with or without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and evaluate their correlations with age and gender‐matched full‐term children. Methods. Retrospective comparative cohort study of four groups of children. Children with a history of preterm birth, including ROP who received intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatment, children with a history of ROP that regressed without treatment and those with no history of ROP were compared to age and gender‐matched full‐term children as a control group. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent of refraction (SE), macular and choroidal thickness, as well as biometric parameters was measured. Results. A total of 120 eyes of 120 children (30 children in each group) were included. There was no significant difference in BCVA, SE, and subjective cylinder between groups (p = 0.05, p = 0.3, p = 0.6, respectively). Axial length was significantly shorter, and the cornea was steeper in both ROP groups than in other groups (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). The central macular thickness was significantly thicker in the treated, regressed ROP and preterm groups than in full‐term children (p < 0.001). The gestational age was negatively correlated with macular thickness in both treated and regressed ROP groups (r = −0.517; p = 0.003, r = − 0.490; p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions. Children with a history of ROP had a shorter axial length, steeper cornea, and thicker macula that correlated with lower gestational age.
Pivotal Role of FBXW4 in Glioma Progression and Prognosis
Authors: Chen Kun , Pu Lei , Hui Yuzuo
Published: September 2024

Backgrounds. Glioma stands as one of the most formidable brain tumor types, with patient outcomes remaining bleak even in the face of advancements in treatment modalities. FBXW4, a constituent of the F‐box and WD repeat domain‐containing protein family, is recognized for its participation in diverse cellular activities, including those related to tumor dynamics. Yet, the therapeutic relevance and specific role of FBXW4 in the context of glioma are not well defined. This study aims to elucidate the functional dynamics and significance of FBXW4 in glioma cases. Methods. This research undertook a comprehensive analysis of FBXW4’s expression patterns and clinical relevance in glioma by harnessing data from the TCGA and GTEx databases. Results. The investigation revealed a distinct downregulation of FBXW4 in glioma tissues compared to normal brain counterparts, with a pronounced correlation between FBXW4 levels and disease severity. Intriguingly, FBXW4 expression inversely related to WHO tumor grades, with the most advanced grade IV gliomas exhibiting the lowest FBXW4 levels, whereas grade II tumors demonstrated the highest. Cases presenting with IDH1/2 mutations or 1p/19q codeletions were also associated with elevated FBXW4 levels. Furthermore, diminished FBXW4 expression aligned with an increased risk of mortality. Conclusions. The findings suggest that FBXW4 holds promise as a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic avenue in glioma management. Nonetheless, future research is imperative to decode the intricate signaling pathways involving FBXW4 and to understand its broader clinical ramifications in glioma treatment paradigms.
Characterization and Suitability Assessment of Ameskroud Clay Deposits for Ceramic Applications
Authors: Idoum Aicha , Tiskatine Rachid , Mounir Soumia , Bammou Lahcen , Aharoune Ahmed
Published: September 2024

The identification of natural clay deposit parameters is critical for the development of ceramics. This research underscores the essential role of understanding clay properties in producing high‐quality ceramics and represents a comprehensive characterization methodology, shedding light on the untapped potential of natural clay deposits for ceramic applications. This study investigates red clays from the Triassic, as well as yellow and gray clays from the Cretaceous period, collected from the western High Atlas of Morocco (Ameskroud). The characterization of clays from this geographic region is innovative, as they have not been previously investigated for their suitability within ceramic applications. The investigation encompasses an examination of the geological context, mineralogy, chemical composition, and physicochemical attributes of these clays. Furthermore, the thermal behavior, firing characteristics, and compressive strength of the clay samples were assessed when fired at 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C. Mineralogical analysis reveals that illite predominates with relatively low levels of kaolinite and chlorite. The primary chemical constituent is SiO2, followed by Al2O3 and Fe2O3. Notably, yellow clay exhibits a significant CaO content exceeding 10%. At 1100°C, the clay specimens exhibit reduced water absorption rates (ranging from 9.88% to 17.1%) and enhanced mechanical performance, with compressive strengths ranging from 22.33 MPa to 36.07 MPa, attributable to the sintering process. The findings affirm that the raw clays sourced from the Ameskroud region possess characteristics suitable for various ceramic applications, making them ideal candidates for the production of dense bricks and ceramic tiles.
Barriers and Facilitators to the Design and Delivery of Social Prescribing Services to Support Adult Mental Health: Perspectives of Social Prescribing Service Providers
Authors: Cooper Matthew , Flynn Darren , Scott Jason , Ashley Kirsten , Avery Leah
Published: September 2024

Objective. To elicit the barriers and facilitators experienced by social prescribing service providers when designing and delivering social prescribing services to support adult mental health. Design. Semistructured interviews were conducted with social prescribing service providers across England and Wales in the third sector. Data were analysed in accordance with the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Thematic Framework Analysis (TFA). Results. Twenty‐one providers (15 females and 6 males) from 17 social prescribing services agreed to participate. Nine analytical themes were identified across seven TDF domains associated with the design of services (e.g., skills and environmental context and resources). Thirteen analytical themes across nine TDF domains were associated with the delivery of services (e.g., beliefs about consequences and optimism). Key recommendations for future social prescribing services were increasing public knowledge of social prescribing; clearly communicating the role of a social prescriber to the public and professionals; providing training to providers on how to safely and effectively lived experiences; adopting a person‐centred approach, including use of person‐centred measures of mental health and well‐being; and strategies to address sustainability of social prescribing services. Conclusions. Service providers are an essential part of the design and delivery of social prescribing services. Person‐centred care, sustainable funding, and improved knowledge of social prescribing all warrant further research. Sustainable funding for social prescribing remains a salient policy‐level barrier.
Expeditious Dynamic Clustering in Preprocessing for High‐Performance Classification
Authors: Pimpa Anamika , Eiamkanitchat Narissara
Published: September 2024

The accuracy of classification algorithms across different applications is significantly influenced by data preprocessing. A well‐executed data preprocessing phase can notably enhance the outcomes of classification. This research introduces a swift data preprocessing technique characterized by its simplicity, ease of comprehension, and remarkable efficacy in data classification tasks. The algorithm proposed herein streamlines the process of data comprehension, simultaneously ensuring high efficiency in classification outcomes. Moreover, it demonstrates versatility across diverse large datasets. Termed as expeditious dynamic clustering (EDC), this innovative data preprocessing algorithm amalgamates several conceptual algorithms into a cohesive framework. The approach employs a top‐down data clustering technique, focusing on clusters with ascending values (initial clustering phase of EDC) to determine the optimal number of clusters for each feature. This involves comparing member dissimilarity within the feature set. Subsequently, it integrates low‐frequency clusters into the clustering process dynamically to refine the cluster count. This integration selectively combines clusters based on a low‐frequency criterion value, optimizing the clustering of the dataset. The EDC execution method operates without the need for a computational distance function, thereby revolutionizing the clustering paradigm for high‐performance data classification. To assess the effectiveness of data preprocessing methods employing the novel EDC concept, its performance was evaluated with various data classification algorithms, including neural networks and decision trees. The experiments encompassed large datasets featuring diverse data types and classes, totalling 13 datasets. The results showcased strong classification performance and high accuracy. Furthermore, in addition to EDC data preprocessing, appending it to the classification model alongside the aforementioned two models can facilitate feature selection without compromising classification accuracy.
Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer Using Cell-Free DNA Fragmentomes and Protein Biomarkers
Authors: Medina Jamie E. , Annapragada Akshaya V. , Lof Pien , Short Sarah , Bartolomucci Adrianna L. , Mathios Dimitrios , Koul Shashikant , Niknafs Noushin , Noë Michaël , Foda Zachariah H. , Bruhm Daniel C. , Hruban Carolyn , Vulpescu Nicholas A. , Jung Euihye , Dua Renu , Canzoniero Jenna V. , Cristiano Stephen , Adleff Vilmos , Symecko Heather , van den Broek Daan , Sokoll Lori J. , Baylin Stephen B. , Press Michael F. , Slamon Dennis J. , Konecny Gottfried E. , Therkildsen Christina , Carvalho Beatriz , Meijer Gerrit A. , Andersen Claus Lindbjerg , Domchek Susan M. , Drapkin Ronny , Scharpf Robert B. , Phallen Jillian , Lok Christine A.R. , Velculescu Victor E.
Published: September 2024

Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death for women worldwide, in part due to ineffective screening methods. In this study, we used whole-genome cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentome and protein biomarker [cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4)] analyses to evaluate 591 women with ovarian cancer, with benign adnexal masses, or without ovarian lesions. Using a machine learning model with the combined features, we detected ovarian cancer with specificity >99% and sensitivities of 72%, 69%, 87%, and 100% for stages I to IV, respectively. At the same specificity, CA-125 alone detected 34%, 62%, 63%, and 100%, and HE4 alone detected 28%, 27%, 67%, and 100% of ovarian cancers for stages I to IV, respectively. Our approach differentiated benign masses from ovarian cancers with high accuracy (AUC = 0.88, 95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.92). These results were validated in an independent population. These findings show that integrated cfDNA fragmentome and protein analyses detect ovarian cancers with high performance, enabling a new accessible approach for noninvasive ovarian cancer screening and diagnostic evaluation.

Significance:

There is an unmet need for effective ovarian cancer screening and diagnostic approaches that enable earlier-stage cancer detection and increased overall survival. We have developed a high-performing accessible approach that evaluates cfDNA fragmentomes and protein biomarkers to detect ovarian cancer.
Combined KRAS Inhibition and Immune Therapy Generates Durable Complete Responses in an Autochthonous PDAC Model
Authors: Liu Yonghong , Han Jincheng , Hsu Wen-Hao , LaBella Kyle A. , Deng Pingna , Shang Xiaoying , Tallón de Lara Paulino , Cai Li , Jiang Shan , DePinho Ronald A.
Published: September 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resists conventional chemo/radiation and immunotherapy (IO). In PDAC, oncogenic KRAS (KRAS*) drives glycolysis in cancer cells to consume available glucose and produce abundant lactate, creating profound immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we combined KRAS* inhibition with agents targeting the major arms of the immunity cycle: CXCR1/2 inhibitor for myeloid cells, antagonistic anti-LAG3 antibody for T cells, and agonistic anti-41BB antibody for dendritic cells. This combination elicited robust antitumor regression in iKPC mice bearing large autochthonous tumors. Whereas untreated mice succumbed within 3 weeks, sustained treatment led to durable complete tumor regression and prolonged survival in 36% of mice at 6 months. Mechanistic analyses revealed enhanced T-cell infiltration and activation, depletion of immunosuppressive myeloid cells, and increased antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells within the tumor core. These findings highlight the promise of KRAS* inhibitors alongside IO as a potential PDAC treatment avenue, warranting clinical investigation.

Significance:

Clinically available KRAS* inhibitors and IO agents alleviated the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in PDAC. Profound tumor regression and prolonged survival in an autochthonous PDAC model provide a compelling rationale for combining KRAS* inhibition with IO agents targeting multiple arms of the immunity cycle to combat PDAC.
Supplementary data 1 from Long-Lasting Response to Lorlatinib in Patients with ALK-Driven Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma Monitored with Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis
Authors: Ek Torben , Ibrahim Raghda R. , Vogt Hartmut , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Träger Catarina , Gaarder Jennie , Djos Anna , Rahmqvist Ida , Mellström Elisabeth , Pujol-Calderón Fani , Vannas Christoffer , Hansson Lina , Fagman Henrik , Treis Diana , Fransson Susanne , Österlund Tobias , Chuang Tzu-Po , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Ståhlberg Anders , Palmer Ruth H. , Hallberg Bengt , Martinsson Tommy , Kogner Per , Dalin Martin
Published: September 2024

SNP array results
Figure S1 from Long-Lasting Response to Lorlatinib in Patients with ALK-Driven Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma Monitored with Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis
Authors: Ek Torben , Ibrahim Raghda R. , Vogt Hartmut , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Träger Catarina , Gaarder Jennie , Djos Anna , Rahmqvist Ida , Mellström Elisabeth , Pujol-Calderón Fani , Vannas Christoffer , Hansson Lina , Fagman Henrik , Treis Diana , Fransson Susanne , Österlund Tobias , Chuang Tzu-Po , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Ståhlberg Anders , Palmer Ruth H. , Hallberg Bengt , Martinsson Tommy , Kogner Per , Dalin Martin
Published: September 2024

Sanger sequencing of tumor and germline DNA
Figure 3 from Long-Lasting Response to Lorlatinib in Patients with ALK-Driven Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma Monitored with Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis
Authors: Ek Torben , Ibrahim Raghda R. , Vogt Hartmut , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Träger Catarina , Gaarder Jennie , Djos Anna , Rahmqvist Ida , Mellström Elisabeth , Pujol-Calderón Fani , Vannas Christoffer , Hansson Lina , Fagman Henrik , Treis Diana , Fransson Susanne , Österlund Tobias , Chuang Tzu-Po , Verhoeven Bronte Manouk , Ståhlberg Anders , Palmer Ruth H. , Hallberg Bengt , Martinsson Tommy , Kogner Per , Dalin Martin
Published: September 2024

Lasting response to lorlatinib in a patient (patient 1) with relapsed neuroblastoma harboring ALK p.R1275Q. A, Chest computed tomography (top) and MIBG scans (bottom) at time of initial diagnosis, at relapse, and after 2 months of lorlatinib treatment. Red arrows denote tumors. B, Levels of ctDNA during and after lorlatinib treatment. ND, not detected. C, Chromogranin A. URL, upper reference limit (102 µg/L). NSE, urine VMA and urine HVA were within normal ranges at time of relapse and were therefore not further analyzed. HVA, homovanillic acid; VMA, vanillylmandelic acid.
“I Didn't Have to Worry about It”: Patient and Family Experiences with Health System Involvement in Notifying Relatives of Genetic Test Results
Authors: Blasi Paula Rae , Zepp Jamilyn M. , Scrol Aaron , Ewing John , Anderson Melissa L. , Ralston James D. , Fullerton Stephanie M. , Leppig Kathleen , Henrikson Nora B.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: In the USA, patients who undergo genetic testing for hereditary cancer risk are responsible for informing relatives about their genetic test results, but many relatives never find out they might be at risk. A health system-mediated relative notification program might help fill this gap, but questions remain about the acceptability of this approach. Methods: We analyzed qualitative data from a single-arm, nonrandomized, mixed-methods study to understand how patients and families experienced a new health system-mediated relative notification program. We invited all study participants to participate in semi-structured telephone interviews at 6–8 weeks after return of genetic test results. We used a template analysis approach to thematically analyze interview transcripts. Results: We interviewed 32 participants, including 17 probands and 15 relatives. Relatives reported positive experiences with the notification program, noting they felt in control of decisions and appreciated genetic counselor involvement in communicating the proband’s test results. Benefits of direct contact included reduced burden for probands, increased family discussions about health, and notification of relatives who otherwise would not have learned results. No participants reported adverse effects from the program. Conclusion: Overall, the relative notification program was acceptable to participants and supported probands in reaching at-risk relatives who otherwise might not have been notified. These findings could inform the implementation of future genetic risk family notification programs with the potential to improve uptake of cascade testing and advance cancer prevention and early detection efforts.
Intersectoral articulation for population management strategies of free-roaming colony cats in Curitiba, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Brunna Gabriela Gonçalves de Oliveira , Teixeira Vitor Gonçalves , Molento Carla Forte Maiolino , Stedile Simone Tostes de Oliveira , Knaut Daiana Lemes , Faria Edson Teixeira de , Garcia Rita de Cássia Maria
Published: September 2024

Colony, free-roaming, or feral cats are classifications of domestic cats capable of living and reproducing in the wild. Managing these populations is fundamental to controlling zoonoses, especially sporotrichosis, and must be structured on a legal, ethical, and animal welfare basis. This study is part of a research project to develop a protocol for controlling sporotrichosis in free-roaming cats and reports on ethical population control interventions in a cat colony. It also examines the intersectoral coordination between the Federal University of Paraná Collective Veterinary Center (MVC-UFPR Center), representing the first sector of the economy, the Paranaense Energy Company (COPEL), representing the second sector, and an independent protectors group, representing the third sector. Three trap, neuter, and return (TNR) actions were carried out between May and October 2023, trapping 16 animals, neutering 12, returning 9, and adopting four animals. A SWOT analysis evaluated the intersectoral coordination efforts’ strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for free roaming cat population management. The shared commitment of stakeholders emerged as a strength, while the lack of regular meetings and bureaucratic hurdles were identified as weaknesses. Opportunities for improvement include enhancing collaboration and increasing the frequency of actions. However, the lack of public policy addressing feline population management poses a significant threat.
O mundo dos Bridgerton: narrativas identitárias no streaming
Authors: Siciliano Tatiana , Aucar Bruna , Moratelli Valmir
Published: September 2024

A partir da construção de mundos que atribuem novos papeis à mulher e aos personagens negros no seriado televisivo Bridgerton – série de sucesso da Netflix baseada nos livros de Julia Quinn – e no spin off Rainha Charlotte, este artigo propõe observar o modo como a produção e o trabalho de Shonda Rhimes, como marca autoral, contribuiu estilisticamente para a visibilidade de novas construções narrativas identitárias femininas e negras no universo audiovisual contemporâneo, nas quais as mulheres, em especial a negra, exercem protagonismo e empoderamento.
A lacuna crítica na ficção científica seriada: uma análise cultural de Westworld e a hibridização humano-androide
Authors: Lobão Raquel
Published: September 2024

Este artigo explora a limitada crítica cultural sobre séries de ficção científica no Brasil. A cultura contemporânea de séries, caracterizada por narrativas complexas e modos dinâmicos de consumo, requer uma nova abordagem adaptada às plataformas digitais. Embora tal aspecto tenha avançado, a disseminação da crítica sobre séries ainda é insatisfatória. Assim, o objetivo desta investigação é demonstrar que a complexidade narrativa da ficção científica torna a produção de críticas um processo intrincado, adotando-se como estudo de caso a série Westworld. Metodologicamente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, levantamento de críticas em plataformas e análise fílmica da série. O artigo propõe duas outras explicações para a escassez de críticas além da complexidade das narrativas de ficção científica: o atendimento mercadológico das expectativas da audiência e o foco da crítica tradicional em gêneros mais próximos da realidade, como o melodrama e o humor.
Emissários de outros mundos: ciência, mitologia e horror cósmico no documentário Fireball: Mitos, cometas e meteoros
Authors: Mello Jamer Guterres de , Reis Filho Lucio , Cánepa Laura Loguercio
Published: September 2024

Propomos uma comparação entre o documentário Fireball: Mitos, cometas e meteoros (Fireball: Visitors from Darker Worlds, 2020), de Werner Herzog e Clive Oppenheimer, e o conto A cor que caiu do espaço (The Color Out of Space, 1927), de H. P. Lovecraft, explorando as similaridades entre o interesse de Herzog por fenômenos naturais extremos e o cosmicismo de Lovecraft, já que ambos parecem interessados em investigar as limitações da humanidade diante da sua insignificância, que se torna mais aparente diante dos eventos catastróficos. Os autores se utilizam de ambientações similares, como lugares remotos, terras geladas ou áreas vulcânicas, e de fenômenos naturais extremos, como a queda de meteoritos.
Coronary Plaque Characteristics in Patients With Chronic Kidney Failure: Impact on Cardiovascular Events and Mortality
Authors: Dahl Jonathan Nørtoft , Nielsen Marie B. , Rasmussen Laust D. , Ivarsen Per , Williams Michelle C. , Svensson My Hanna Sofia , Birn Henrik , Bøttcher Morten , Winther Simon
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

In patients with coronary artery disease, coronary plaques with high-risk features and low-attenuation plaque burden are independent measures associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Patients with chronic kidney failure may have different coronary artery disease characteristics. The aim was to assess the association of coronary plaque characteristics and coronary artery disease extent with MACE and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney failure.

METHODS:

Potential kidney transplant candidates who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography as part of the cardiac screening program before kidney transplantation were included. We evaluated high-risk plaques and diameter stenosis semiqualitatively and quantified coronary artery calcium score and plaque burden (percentage atheroma volume).

RESULTS:

In 484 patients with chronic kidney failure and few or no symptoms of coronary artery disease (mean age, 53±12 years; 62% men; 32% on dialysis), 56 (12%) patients suffered MACE and 69 (14%) patients died during a median follow-up of 4.9 years. High-risk plaques were present in 39 (70%) patients with MACE. Median calcified plaque burden was 3.7% in patients with MACE versus 0.2% in patients without MACE. The median low-attenuation plaque burden was 0.3% versus 0.03%, respectively. In semiqualitative analyses, the presence of high-risk plaque and a higher coronary artery calcium score were associated with increased risk of MACE (hazard ratio (HR), 2.0 [95% CI, 1.0–3.7];
P
=0.040; HR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.0–1.3];
P
=0.014), respectively. Neither were associated with all-cause mortality. In quantified analysis, increasing levels of both calcified and low-attenuation plaque burdens were associated with risk of MACE (HR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.8–3.7];
P
<0.001; HR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.5–4.5];
P
=0.001 [per variable doubling, respectively]) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.2–2.1];
P
=0.002; HR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.1–3.0];
P
=0.028, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

In patients with chronic kidney failure, calcified and low-attenuation plaque burdens were independently associated with MACE and all-cause mortality, while high-risk plaques and coronary artery calcium score were only associated with MACE.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01344434.
Evaluating Synthetic Data Generation from User Generated Text
Authors: Chim Jenny , Ive Julia , Liakata Maria
Published: September 2024

User-generated content provides a rich resource to study social and behavioral phenomena. Although its application potential is currently limited by the paucity of expert labels and the privacy risks inherent in personal data, synthetic data can help mitigate this bottleneck. In this work, we introduce an evaluation framework to facilitate research on synthetic language data generation for user-generated text. We define a set of aspects for assessing data quality, namely, style preservation, meaning preservation, and divergence, as a proxy for privacy. We introduce metrics corresponding to each aspect. Moreover, through a set of generation strategies and representative tasks and baselines across domains, we demonstrate the relation between the quality aspects of synthetic user generated content, generation strategies, metrics, and downstream performance. To our knowledge, our work is the first unified evaluation framework for user-generated text in relation to the specified aspects, offering both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation. We envisage it will facilitate developments towards shareable, high-quality synthetic language data.
What Is Faster than Where in Vocal Emotional Perception
Authors: Temudo Sara , Pinheiro Ana P.
Published: September 2024

Voices carry a vast amount of information about speakers (e.g., emotional state; spatial location). Neuroimaging studies postulate that spatial (“where”) and emotional (“what”) cues are processed by partially independent processing streams. Although behavioral evidence reveals interactions between emotion and space, the temporal dynamics of these processes in the brain and its modulation by attention remain unknown. We investigated whether and how spatial and emotional features interact during voice processing as a function of attention focus. Spatialized nonverbal vocalizations differing in valence (neutral, amusement, anger) were presented at different locations around the head, whereas listeners discriminated either the spatial location or emotional quality of the voice. Neural activity was measured with ERPs of the EEG. Affective ratings were collected at the end of the EEG session. Emotional vocalizations elicited decreased N1 but increased P2 and late positive potential amplitudes. Interactions of space and emotion occurred at the salience detection stage: neutral vocalizations presented at right (vs. left) locations elicited increased P2 amplitudes, but no such differences were observed for emotional vocalizations. When task instructions involved emotion categorization, the P2 was increased for vocalizations presented at front (vs. back) locations. Behaviorally, only valence and arousal ratings showed emotion–space interactions. These findings suggest that emotional representations are activated earlier than spatial representations in voice processing. The perceptual prioritization of emotional cues occurred irrespective of task instructions but was not paralleled by an augmented stimulus representation in space. These findings support the differential responding to emotional information by auditory processing pathways.
The United Nations’ Obligation to Provide Access to Remedies to Third-Party Claimants Under International Law
Authors: Picard Doris Uwicyeza
Published: September 2024

The perceived impunity of the United Nations peacekeeping missions has been the subject of numerous reports and studies. These studies are in agreement that the legal accountability of the UN is strongly challenged by the UN’s absolute immunity coupled with a lack of or inadequate alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. This situation has led to what is referred to as a ‘remedy gap’ whereby third-party claims against the UN are extinguished due to a lack of forum with jurisdiction over the UN. This article is a study into the second component of the remedy gap, namely, the lack of or inadequate alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. This is a study on the underlying obligation to provide access to remedies as a potential component of the remedy gap. It seeks to assess the legal framework of the UN’s obligation to provide access to remedies and the scope thereof. This is to establish whether the lack of or shortfalls of the UN’s alternative dispute resolution mechanisms are imputable to an inadequate legal framework which does not provide sufficient legal tools to ensure the suitable adjudication of claims or whether the issue lies in the implementation phase through the UN’s policies and practice. In essence, this article seeks to determine the basic rules that form part of the UN’s obligation to provide access to remedies. This is done through a comprehensive analysis of all the possible sources of this obligation to determine its scope.
Morphological and Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals Two New National Records of Viola (Violaceae) from Southwestern China
Authors: WANG ZHENG-WEI , WU ZHI-JIN , WANG QI , LI YI-FAN , YUAN LANG-XING , LI XIAO-CHEN
Published: September 2024

Two rarely reported violets, Viola annamensis Baker f. and V. rheophila Okamoto were confirmed as new additions to the flora of China, based on three collections from Yunnan and Guangxi, southwestern China. Molecular phylogeny analysis based on nrITS dataset was conducted to facilitate further identification and their phylogenetic position. A brief description of the two new recorded species were also presented.
Crinipellis siamensis (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales), a new macrofungus from northern Thailand
Authors: KUMLA JATURONG , PHONROB WIPHAWANEE , LUMYONG SAISAMORN , SUWANNARACH NAKARIN
Published: September 2024

A new Crinipellis species, described herein as C. siamensis, was collected from northern Thailand during the rainy seasons in 2022 and 2023. This species was identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. Crinipellis siamensis is characterized by its crinipelloid basidiomata, grayish orange to brown pileus, elongated to cylindrical basidiospores, and hair-like terminal cells on the pileus surface. Phylogenetic analysis of combined internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (nrLSU) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) regions revealed that C. siamensis is well-supported as a distinct monophyletic member within the genus Crinipellis. A full description, color photographs, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree showing the position of C. siamensis are provided. Morphologically similar and related species to the new species are also discussed.
New Galumnidae (Acari, Oribatida) from the Merida and Zulia States, Venezuela
Authors: ERMILOV SERGEY G.
Published: September 2024

Three new species of the family Galumnidae (Oribatida)—Sacculogalumna zuliaensis sp. nov., Pergalumna (Pergalumna) convergens sp. nov. and Carinogalumna meridaensis sp. nov.—are described, based on adults collected from cloud forest in the Merida State, Western Venezuela, and pasture meadow in the Zulia State, Northwestern Venezuela. The genera Sacculogalumna and Carinogalumna are registered in the Venezuelan fauna for the first time. Identification keys to the known species of Sacculogalumna and Carinogalumna are provided.
Lightweight Encryption Model for IOT Security and Privacy Protection
Authors: Naz Iqra , Illahi Rehmat , Shahzadi Neelam , Ahmad Hafiz
Published: September 2024

We are witnessing the era of Internet of Things (IoT), where its applications such as smart cities and smart homes catch sensitive data gathered mostly by IoT surveillance cameras among other sensors or devices. Therefore, security and privacy protection is a key concern during transmitting such sensitive data across the IoT network to be processed and stored on Cloud. In this paper, we proposed a lightweight encryption model that complies with the limited resources of IoT devices in terms of process and memory. Also, the encryption model also provides a high level of security for the transmitted data through a constant change of the key used for encrypting of transmitted IoT data. In addition, the key size used to encrypt transmitted data in the proposed model is large enough which makes it hard to break by the attackers. The experimental results show outstanding results with an average of 150.5 ms of encryption time for a key size 80 bits where the key size is relatively large and with an average PSNR of 7.13 compared to other algorithms.
Evolving Adversarial Training (EAT) for AI-Powered Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
Authors: Affan Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are crucial components of network security, yet traditional IDS models often fail to cope with rapidly evolving adversarial attacks that exploit their static nature. This study proposes a novel approach, Evolving Adversarial Training (EAT), to enhance the adaptability and robustness of AI-powered IDS against dynamic threats. The EAT framework integrates continuous model evolution with advanced adversarial training techniques, enabling the IDS to dynamically adjust to new attack patterns. Experimental results demonstrate that the EAT framework significantly enhances IDS performance, leading to increased detection accuracy and reduced false positive rates compared to conventional methods. These findings emphasize the potential of EAT in fortifying network defenses against evolving cyber threats, offering a promising avenue for future research in scalable and adaptive IDS solutions that can effectively combat the complexities of modern cyber adversaries. The research explores three key objectives: dynamic adaptation and adversarial training, continuous learning and enhanced threat detection, and robustness and generalization. By focusing on these objectives, the study aims to develop AI-powered IDS that can effectively navigate the ever-changing cyber threat landscape. The research methodology includes data collection, model architecture design, training and evaluation, continuous learning, simulation, and real-world testing, all aimed at enhancing the resilience of AI-powered IDS against adversarial attacks. By systematically following this framework, the study intends to enhance the security system of IDS through the effective implementation of EAT.
Design and Analysis of an Adaptive Pipeline Detection and Correction Mechanism
Authors: Li Hong , Zhao Xiao , Zhang Zhu , Feng Shu , Jian Lei , Liu Gang
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a novel adaptive pipeline probe detection and correction mechanism designed to address the challenge of detection interference caused by the movement of wall-climbing robots, particularly in complex environments such as water-cooled walls. The mechanism ensures that the detection probe can accurately detect individual pipelines even when the robot deviates from its intended path. To achieve this, the system incorporates a self-adaptive deviation correction mechanism that maintains consistent detection performance without requiring adjustments to the robot's spatial position. The design includes a variable stiffness analysis of the buffer spring within the correction mechanism, which is optimized to minimize the impact of the robot's movement on the detection components. By carefully selecting the spring's size and stiffness parameters, the mechanism reduces vibration and enhances the stability and reliability of pipeline detection under offset conditions. In addition to maintaining detection accuracy, the system also supports automatic marking of pipelines that exhibit quality issues, ensuring that any detected defects are easily traceable. This adaptive mechanism not only improves detection efficiency but also enhances the overall operational stability of wall-climbing robots in industrial inspection tasks. The results demonstrate the mechanism's effectiveness in mitigating the challenges posed by uneven friction and time delays in the control system, making it a significant contribution to the field of robotic inspection systems.
A Retrospective View of Post Renal Transplant Urinary Tract Infections: An Experience of A UK Transplant Centre
Authors: Odoch Allan , Katam Shruthi , Bobbiti Pooja , Singh Mirab , Mechessa Mahlet , Kashipovich Alidjanov , Akwue Tochukwu , Opara Nnamdi , Hailemariam Tseganesh , Dhevanbu Jeyasundar
Published: September 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent post renal transplant complication. These infections are most common in renal transplant recipient’s contrary to their incidence in general healthy population as shown by previous studies. Though the frequencies of occurrences are different in renal transplant patients. There is general lack of consensus on the risk factors associated with development of UTIs in renal transplant patients as well as effects posed by them and occurrence of mortality in patient group. This retrospective cohort study investigated and included adults’ patients who were operated for renal transplant in a single transplant center in UK from Jan 2014 to December 2023. The number of patients were 604 with two hundred and fifty-nine developed one or more UTIs in 42 months follow-up period. Signiﬁcant risk factors for post-transplant UTIs were advanced age, female gender, reﬂux kidney disease, use of azathioprine and cadaveric donor. UTIs did not increase risk for renal graft loss, but were associated with increased mortality (3.5 odds ratio, 95% conﬁdence interval 1.68–7.23). We conclude UTIs may be associated with an increased mortality risk in renal transplant recipients. Prevention of UTIs in high-risk renal transplant patients or those with recurrent UTIs may possibly decrease post-transplant mortality.
Reproductive and Productive Performances of Small Ruminants in East Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Sime Abera , Gemeda Belete , Degefa Shimelis
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the study was to examine the reproductive and productive performances of small ruminants in the study area at Dodota Woreda in Ethiopia's Arsi Zone. The results are based on focus group discussion and a survey of 180 sample houses. Based on flock distribution, the Woreda was divided into three groups: mixed flock sites, goat dominating sites, and sheep dominating sites. In the research area, households typically kept 4.15 cattle, 6.91 sheep, 7.61 goats, 1.88 equines, and 5.85 chickens as livestock. From August to December and March to May, there was a lot of intensive lambing and kidding, with November and December appearing to be the peak months. The average litter size, age at first parturition, parturition interval and age of male at first service (months) for sheep had 1.21±0.03, 12.67±0.20, 7.55±0.15, and 6.91±0.14 respectively. For goats, the analogous values were respectively 1.52±0.04, 12.89±0.23, 7.70±0.17, and 7.55±0.21. Sheep were typically slaughtered or sold on average age of 7.43±0.23 months for males and 7.63±0.24 months for females, respectively. Goat comparable values were 8.09±0.25 and 8.30±0.26, respectively. In this study the reproductive and productive performances of small ruminants are extremely low due to different reasons. Credentials of alternative feed sources and strategic feeding management, water development, credentials of disease causes and their control strategies through appropriate policy, and information dissemination are areas of interference that can help farmers build up their flocks and increase productivity.
Proposal of Music Therapy Protocol for Ataxic Patients
Authors: Giffoni Yuri , Moura Rita
Published: September 2024

Neurologic music therapy has been studied as an alternative methodology to stimulate neurological patients in a motor rehabilitation process. It uses music and its elements in a feedback-feedforward system, promoting an environment for neuroplasticity and re-learning of movements. Research to evaluate the use of neurologic music therapy in patients with ataxia due to Parkinson's and Stroke diseases has shown positive impacts on function rehabilitation, resulting in improvements in activities of daily living and life quality self-perception. The main goals for patients with ataxia described in available research are related to the positive impact on gait function, limb movements, speech, and postural impairment. The most commonly used techniques in neurologic music therapy research are Therapeutical Instrumental Music Performance (TIMP) and Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS). Literature indicates that both techniques are typically studied independently. Research on the application of neurologic music therapy to ataxic patients, whether due to genetic factors or acquired cerebellar damage, as well as protocols to assist music therapists in implementing these methodologies, are not available. The objective of this study is to propose a music therapy protocol for patients with ataxia from any disease or acquired, using neurologic music therapy and its techniques (TIMP and RAS), to measure the contribution in reducing impacts of ataxia in motor functions, improving patients’ autonomy in daily living activities and as a consequence higher life quality self-perception, also contributing to increasing literature availability regarding this theme. For protocol application feasibility and considering ataxia prevalence in the total population, an experimental group of 15 patients diagnosed with ataxia without impairment on auditory systems will be designed.
Analysis of a Case of a Classical Supercell Storm in Bihar, India: Observation and Tracking
Authors: Shankar Anand
Published: September 2024

In this study, we use the S-band Doppler Weather Radar to analyze the weather of a prolonged classical supercell storm that occurred on April 7, 2018, across the Indian state of Bihar. In the early morning hours of April 7th, 2018, a supercell storm with its origins in a colliding cloud mass produced in the Himalayan foothills invaded the Himalayan foothills from the North-West of Bihar via East Uttar Pradesh. The echo top increased to over 14 kilometers as it moved through the Bihar districts of Siwan and Gopalganj. As it followed, the storm shifted direction, heading northwest. Maximum radar reflectivity reached up to 61 dBz at 11: 32 IST observation (seen from Doppler Weather Radar, Patna), which may be the highest reflectivity ever recorded at DWR (Doppler Weather Radar) Station, Patna. It stopped being a supercell at 13: 30 IST and convert into a multicellular storm. A strange hook echo could be seen off the Storm's back in the Vertical Integrated Liquid profile. The supercell had two linked outflows, one to the northeast and one to the southeast. The Supercell's inverted "V"-shaped front flank was another characteristic feature. Within a small vertical band along the echo wall, reflectance reached over 60 dB at its highest. There was significant divergence near the peak of the supercell storm, with the speed differential between the updraft and downdraft reaching around 60 m/s. The system lasted for about 7 to 8 hours, damaging hailstorms occurred often along the path. Hail stones larger than 6-7 mm in diameter were spotted (as per the observed report). This particular cell was determined to be a supercell based on its internal structure, reflectivity, duration, and ground-level weather pattern. The incidence, timing, and development of the storms were all accurately predicted by the convective outlook products 2 to 3 hours in advance.
Ecological Assessment of Soil Samples Around Refuse Dump Sites Within the Metropolis of Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Helen Nwanjoku , Ikechukwu Ameh , Onyeka Edeoga , Oparaji Emeka
Published: September 2024

This study looked at assessing the impact of solid wastes within Enugu metropolis on heavy metal concentrations and otherphysicochemical properties of soil samples from the site locations. Physicochemical analysis of the soil from the respectiverefusedump sites showed pH of 4.24, 6.3 and 5.87 respectively in the presence of the control experiment which maintained atpH of 7.6 throughout the experiment. Soil conductivity of the respective refuses ites within Enugu municipal showed a progressive increase of soil conductivity. Mineral contents were found in the following order: Cl>Ca>Mg>K>PO3. Heavy metals of Hg, As and Cd were found at below detectable limit range (BDL) in both the sampled soils from the respective refuse dumpsite andcontrol experiment. Cu, and Pb were significantly high in all the sampled soil from the dumpsites however, Cd was only detected in the soil sample from refuse dump III. Fe showed a progressive decrease across the dumpsites oil samples.