bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrocarbon chemistry in the inner regions of planet-forming disks
Authors: Kanwar J. , Kamp I. , Woitke P. , Rab Ch. , Thi W. F. , Min M.
Published: October 2023

Context. The analysis of the mid-infrared spectra helps understanding the composition of the gas in the inner, dense and warm terrestrial planet forming region of disks around young stars. ALMA has detected hydrocarbons in the outer regions of the planet forming disk and Spitzer detected C2H2 in the inner regions. JWST-MIRI provides high spectral resolution observations of C2H2 and a suite of more complex hydrocarbons are now reported. Interpreting the fluxes observed in the spectra is challenging and radiation thermo-chemical codes are needed to properly take into account the disk structure, radiative transfer, chemistry and thermal balance. Various disk physical parameters like the gas-to-dust ratio, dust evolution including radial drift, dust growth and settling can affect the fluxes observed in the mid-IR. Still, thermo-chemical disk models were not always successful in matching all observed molecular emission bands simultaneously.

Aims. The goal of this project is two-fold. Firstly, we analyse the warm carbon chemistry in the inner regions of the disk, namely within 10 au, to find pathways forming C2H2 potentially missing from the existing chemical networks. Secondly, we analyse the effect of the new chemistry on the line fluxes of acetylene.

Methods. We used the radiative thermo-chemical disk code called PRODIMO to expand the hydrocarbon chemistry that occurs in a typical standard T Tauri disks. We used the UMIST and the KIDA rate databases for collecting reactions for the species. We included a number of three-body and thermal decomposition reactions from the STAND2020 network. We also included isotopomers for the species that were present in the databases. The chemistry was then analysed in the regions that produce observable features in the mid-infrared spectra. We studied the effect of expanding the hydrocarbon chemistry on the mid-infrared spectra.

Results. Acetylene is formed via two pathways in the surface layers of disks: neutral-neutral and ion-neutral. They proceed via the hydrogenation of C or C+, respectively. Thus, the abundances of C, C+, H and H2 affect the formation of C2H2. Therefore, also the formation of H2 indirectly affects the abundance of acetylene. Chemisorbed H is more efficient in forming H2 compared to physisorbed H at warm temperatures and hence increases the abundance of C2H2.

Conclusions. We provide a new extended warm chemical network that considers up to eight carbon atom long species, while also taking into account different isotopomers and can form the building blocks of PAHs: C6H6. For a standard T Tauri disk with a canonical value of gas-to-dust mass, the line fluxes increase only by a factor of less than 2. JWST is now detecting hydrocarbons such as methane, acetylene, and C4H2 in disks with a high C/O ratio. Hence, this new extended warm hydrocarbon network will aid in interpreting the observed mid-infrared fluxes.
The Effect of Jasmonic Acid on The Growth of Dendrobium Stratiotes in Vitro
Authors: Arniputri Retna Bandriyati , Purwanto Edi , Handoyo Gani Cahyo , Yunus Ahmad , Samanhudi  , Purnomo Djoko , Sakya Amalia Tetrani , Rahayu Muji , Setyawati Andriyana , Sa’adah Istiqomatus
Published: October 2023

D. stratiotes is one of the endemic dendrobiums from Indonesia that grows in lowland rainforests. D. stratiotes is listed as a threatened orchid species due to the lack of available data, which results in a high uncertainty and insufficient information. This study aims to provide preliminary information of jasmonic acid effect on D. stratiotes growth in vitro in order to improve propagation techniques in agricultural practices. The exogenous application of jasmonic acid exerts a regulatory role on the plant's growth and development. This study was designed as a completed randomized design (CRD). VW medium was supplemented with jasmonic acid (0, 0.2, 0.8, 1, 1.5, 2 mg.L-1). There were 5 replications. The observed variable in this study includes leaves number, plant height, plant weight, roots number, root length, leaf anatomy, and root anatomy. Statistically, 1 mg.L-1 of jasmonic acid significantly influenced the plant height, leaves number, plant weight, and roots number which resulted in 10.16 cm, 6.53, 1.18 g, and 9.53, respectively.
Grafting Technology Supports Increased Productivity Nutmeg in Indonesia
Authors: Suryadi R , Garvita R V , Rusmin D , Jufri A , Trisilawati O
Published: October 2023

The productivity of nutmeg in Indonesia is still low, so it is important to increase it so that farmers' income increases and their cultivation can be sustainable. The purpose of this review is to obtain technology that can increase the productivity of nutmeg. The method used is a literature study on plant characteristics, planting conditions, and the development status of nutmeg in Indonesia. The results show that the nutmeg plant is dioceous so that there are male, female, and hermaphrodite plants and those that bear fruit are female and hermaphrodite plants. One of the main causes of low productivity is the high percentage of male plants. The development of nutmeg still uses seeds and at the seed stage the sex is unknown. So that at the time of planting could not determine the composition of male and female plants. To overcome this by propagating vegetatively and what has been successful is epicotyl grafting technology. This technology is not widely known by farmers and has not been used in the development of nutmeg. If epicotyl grafting technology is used to produce plant materials in extensification and rehabilitation activities, the productivity of nutmeg in Indonesia will increase.
New Report of Oriental Mealybug Rhizoecus Amorphophalli Betrem (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Amorphophallus Muelleri Tubers in Indonesia
Authors: Baliadi Yuliantoro , Mejaya I Made Jana , Soehendi Rudy , Wulanningtyas Heppy Suci
Published: October 2023

Since 2020 porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) has been declared as an important commercial crop grown in Indonesia. Recently, porang tubers a coated of a distinct white waxy substance was observed at seed storage. The symptoms pose a threat to tuber vigour quality due to the intensive infestation on stored tubers. This sap- sucking insect sucks the juice leading to desiccation and shrivelling of tubers. This study aims to identify the sap- sucking insect pest attacks the storage porang tubers. The studies carried out at ILETRI. Identification of the caused insect species was done by observing symptoms visually, morphological identification of adult females using Compound microscope Olympus Bx43 in 40 X magnification, and tuber germination and growth of 250 infested tubers in the field. Regarding to the specific symptoms whose soft body coated of a distinct white waxy substance and morphological measurement of the average length of the adult females (862.62±46.3 μm with range between 764 - 904 μm), it’s supposed caused by mealybug in Rhizoecus amorphophalli (Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae). Our founding revealed that R. amorphophalli is first discovered as causal agent of a mealybug pest of porang in Indonesia and turned out to be very detrimental because their infestation caused 90 percent of infested porang tubers unable to germinate and grow.
The Growth Response Variability of Some Legume Species on Salinity
Authors: Soedarjo M , Ulinuhayani M , Singgih B , Nugraha Y
Published: October 2023

Abundant amount of saline soils provides possibility to increase farming acreage in Indonesia. Legume species are good sources of protein for Indonesian daily food. Among legumes species, some species could show more tolerant to salinity and could be potentially cultivated on saline soils. Our present research work was undertaken to evaluate the growth response of legume species to salinity. Alfisol and saline soils, as main factors, used in the study were combined factorially with six legume species (groundnut, soybean, pigeon pea, velvet bean, hyacinth bean and sword bean) as sub-factor. Each factorial treatment was arranged in randomized block designed and was replicated three times. The standard deviation (SD) analysis was used to analyse the effect of salinity to the growth of legume species. Plant height at 15 days after sowing (DAS) and at 50 DAS, shoot diameter at 50 DAS, root dry weight at 50 DAS, shoot dry weight at 50 DAS and leaf dry weight at 50 DAS varied among legume species on Alfisol and saline soils. In general, the plant growth of legume crops, measured as plant height, plant diameter, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and leaf dry weight, was significantly retarded by salinity at different degree. The growth reduction on saline soil was related to higher Na concentration in roots and leaves. The highest and the lowest degrees of retardation by salinity on root, shoot and leaf dry weights were observed on pigeon pea and groundnut, respectively. Soybean, velvet bean, and hyacinth bean showed the degree of growth retardation by salinity between pigeon pea and groundnut. Response to salinity of sword bean was comparable to groundnut. Thus, groundnut and sword bean could be cultivated on saline soil.
Applicable Rapid Propagation Protocol Through Organogenesis of Alocasia Cuprea for Plant Development Using Micro-Bulblet Explant
Authors: Rachmawati F , Fibrianty E , Rianawati S , Side T H R , Sadli  , Daniyanty R D , Rohayati E
Published: October 2023

Alocasia of Indonesian endemic has significant market potential. However, the scarcity of qualified seedlings hampered their commercialization. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best sterilization technique and media for in vitro propagation of Alocasia cuprea through the organogenesis pathway using microbulblet explants. Randomized complete block designs with five to ten replicates were applied in the experiments. Application of 5 and 10% clorox for 5 and 10 minutes resulted in 40.6% aseptic explants, 10% browning explants, and 90% explant growth potential. The best shoot initiation was achieved on the MS added 4.54 μM thidiazuron and 2.22 μM BAP. This medium had an 85% explant initiation, 4.2 shoots per explant, and 6.5 days initiation time. The best shoot proliferation was discovered on MS medium with 4.44 μM BAP, which produced 10.5 initial shoots with a shoot height of 1.3 cm and a clump diameter of 1.3 cm. The best plantlet regeneration was determined on ½ MS medium with 6.5 cm plantlet height, 3.5 leaves total, 3.8 cm leaf length, 2.6 cm leaf width, and 3.8 roots. This propagation method will be applicable to the propagation of qualified seedlings for commercial purposes and potentially used for other endemic Alocasia.
Application of NPK Fertilizer and Paclobutrazol on Growth
Authors: Sari N L , Sasmita E R , Irawati E B
Published: October 2023

The low quality of sunflower cultivation as cut flowers is currently unable to meet local market demands. It is necessary to improve cultivation through fertilization and the provision of plant growth regulator. Sustainable agriculture in floriculture refers to the practice of cultivating flowers and ornamental plants in manner that promotes environmental, social, and economic sustainability The research aims to determine the growth response, yield, and quality of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) on the application of NPK fertilizer doses and paclobutrazol concentrations. The research was carried out from September 2022 - December 2022 in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yogyakarta "Veteran" National Development University. The research method is a field experiment arranged in a factorial Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) consisting of 2 factors replicated 3 times. The first factor was the doses of NPK fertilizer (9 grams/plant, 10 grams/plant, 11 grams/plant) and the second factor was the concentration of paclobutrazol (10 ppm, 50 ppm, 90 ppm). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test with a level of 5%. The study results showed that there was an interaction between NPK fertilizer and the concentration paclobutrazol on number of flower and size of flower diameter. The best outcomes were observed with NPK fertilizer dose of 9 grams/plant concerning the plant height at 42 DAP. The paclobutrazol concentration of 90 ppm resulted in most favourable outcomes on the parameters of plant height 42 DAP, stem diameter, and vase life.
Growth and Yield of Red Chili (Capsicum Annuum L.) as Responses to Various Interval and Frequency of Fertigation Application
Authors: Padmini O S , Brotodjojo R R Rukmowati , Pratomo A H
Published: October 2023

Appropriate drip fertigation systems could increase the crop yield, as it provides timely water and fertilizer at the same time. The aim of this research was to examine the growth and yield of red chili as a results of different fertigation interval and frequency. The field experiment was carried out in Wedomartani Experimental Garden, Yogyakarta. The experiment was set in a split plot with Randomized Completely Block Design. Fertigation interval, namely, 3 days, 6 days, and 9 days were the main plots, whereas. the fertigation frequency, namely, once/day, twice/day, 3 times/day were the sub plots. A commercial AB-mix fertilizer mixed with rabbit urine was used for nutrient solution. The variance of data was analysed with post-hoc analysis using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of fruits, weight of fruit, and chili shelf life. The result showed that the growth and yield (plant height, number of leaves and number of fruits) of red chili were significantly affected by combinations of fertigation interval and frequency. Three days interval applied in three times a day fertigation of nutrients supply resulted in higher plant height and leaves number, but have no significantly different from three days interval in once and twice a day frequency of fertigation. Three days interval in once and twice a day frequency resulted in higher of fruit number of chili. The interval and frequency of fertigation didn’t significantly affect to the weight and storability of chilies.
Soybean (Glycine max L.) Response to Aluminum Stress in The Vegetative Phase
Authors: Prameswari W , Silitonga E Br , Setyowati N
Published: October 2023

One of the problems in increasing soybean crop production in Indonesia is the need for more suitable land for soybean cultivation. One solution is to utilize coastal land to expand the planting area. The issue with coastal land is its low pH and high Al content. Consequently, it is essential to determine soybean cultivars tolerant to Al stress. This study aimed to explain the response of soybean growth to Al stress in the vegetative phase and to assess soybean varieties that are tolerant to aluminum (Al) stress. The research was conducted from March to May 2022 in the Greenhouse and Agronomy Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Indonesia. The study used three repetitions of a two-factorial, Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was soybean varieties consisting of the Deja and Gepak Kuning varieties. The second factor was the concentration of Aluminum Stress which consisted of three levels, namely 0 μM (control), 74 μM, and 148 μM. The results showed that Al stress did not affect the growth of soybean plants in the vegetative phase. Soybean variety Deja was more tolerant than Gepak Kuning in both Al stress concentrations of 74 μM and 148 μM.
Morphological Diversity of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) Genotypes induced by EMS (Ethyl methane sulfonate)
Authors: Suryawati  , Kurniati R , Yuniarto K , Aisyah S I , Ramadhani F , Sukmadjaja D , Kurniati R , Supenti  , Syafrina R
Published: October 2023

Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) is one of chemical mutagen which it known to cause point mutations in plants. The mutation was changing in one or some character based on Basa nucleotide. The changing shown by morphological characteristic to create novelties and superior characters. This study aim was to evaluate nine chrysanthemum genotypes of the MV4 generation by EMS treatment. The observation parameters were quantitative and qualitative characters. The quantitative charactera are number of flower buds, flower diameter (cm), flower stalk length (cm), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), plant height (cm), and stem diameter (cm). And the qualitative ones are stem, leaf, and ribbon flower colour. Morphological character analysis used the Statistical Tools for Agricultural Research (STAR) statistical program. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means of different genotypes, and means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significance level of 0.05. The highest plant, stem diameter, and flower stalk length were obtained genotype JE0 as a contol plant. Genotype JE4.8 as a selected plant showed the diameter of flower buds, number of flower buds, leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter. JE2.44 (Purple group 75 A) and JE5.31 (Red purple group 60 A) were significantly different of colour JE0 as control (Red purple group 70 B).
Study of Growth and Yield of Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) under Several Gibberellin Application during The Dry Season
Authors: Prathama Mathias , Rosliani Rini , Pangestuti Retno
Published: October 2023

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are a vegetable crop that is the third most important carbohydrate food source in the world after rice and wheat. Potatoes growth and yield may be improved by applying plant growth regulators. This study purpose was to determine the outcome of several gibberellin plant growth regulator applications on the growth and yield of ‘Granola’ potato grown during the dry season. The study used a randomized completely block design with six factors, which were combinations of gibberellin (GA) doses and forms, namely: 1) liquid GA form with a dose of 0.1 ml.L-1, 2) liquid GA form with a dose of 0.2 ml.L-1, 3) liquid GA form with a dose of 0.4 ml.L-1, 4) powdered GA form with a dose of 0.01 g.L-1, 5) powdered GA form with a dose of 0.02 g.L-1, 6) powdered GA form with a dose of 0.04 g.L-1, and 7) Control (without GA application). All GA treatments, both liquid and powder, could increase tuber weight and yield per plot compared to the control plants. GA affects growth by increasing leaf area index, while plant height was not significantly affected. The treatment of 0.2 ml. L-1 liquid GA was the finest in producing the largest tuber size, tuber weight per plant, and tuber weight per plot. This treatment could increase the yield by 57.46% compared to ‘Granola’ that did not receive GA3 treatment. The results of this study can be used to improve potato tuber yield during the dry season.
Analysis of Nutrients (N,P,K) in Bio Seeding Block Based on Sugarcane Waste
Authors: Bachtiar Riza Rahimi , Purwaningtyas Ayu , Putra Adetiya Prananda , Ermawati Eka Afrida
Published: October 2023

Macronutrients are very important in plants, because they have a significant role in the development of lants and very required to fulfill. Nitrogen, Potassium, and also Phosphorus are three important macronutrients. Bio seeding block is a seeding media made by soil block, it consists of a sugarcane waste. It is good for an environment, sensible, and rich in natural matters. The aims in this research, is to analyze the nutrient composition in bio seeding block. Bio seeding block products used waste from sugarcane, that consisted of bagasse, sugarcane filter cake, and ash from sugarcane. There are 4 treatments to analyze bio seeding block such as : Treatment A, with ratio between sugarcane filter cake : bagasse : and ash are 4 : 4 : 1, treatment B, with ratio are 5 : 3 : 1, treatment C, with ratio are 6 : 2 : 1, and treatment D, with ratio 7 : 1 : 1. The results show that the highest amount of N is in treatment D that is 0,439; the highest amount of P is in treatment B that is 2,170; and the highest amount of K is in treatment A that is 0,480. Based on plant growth tests (plant height, leaf width, and stem diameter) show that medium A is the fastest growing medium in the first 15 days and also has high number of main nutrients.
Preliminary Identification of Local Maize Under Drought Stress By PEG-6000
Authors: Mustamu N E , Tampubolon K , Alridiwirsah  , Basyui M
Published: October 2023

Adaptation test of local maize plants under drought stress requires early selection at the seedlings stage through Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG-6000). This study aimed to identify local varieties of maize plants from North Sumatra under drought stress with several doses of PEG-6000. This study was conducted from July to November 2022 using a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The sixteen local maize (L) and a hybrid variety (H) of maize as a comparison were used as the first factor. The PEG doses were 0; 100; 200; 300; 400; and 500 g L-1 as the second factor. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and duncan's multiple range test at P<0.05. The results showed that the LSB5 and LSB4 of local maize from Serdang Bedagai had the greatest number of seeds germinated and water content of seedlings at 40.17 seeds and 74.43%, respectively. The higher PEG dose of 500 g L-1 inhibited the number of seeds germinated and water content of local maize seedlings to 32.27 and 11.45%, respectively. The interaction of local varieties with PEG doses were insignificant effects on both characteristics of local maize.
The Growth and Yield of Marigold Flowers (Tagetes erecta L.) on Gibberellins Concentration and Pinching Time
Authors: Isnawati Lina , Setyaningrum Tuti , Herastuti Heti , Hasanov Shavkat
Published: October 2023

Public awareness of beauty and environmental sustainability is getting better. The tropical climate in Indonesia allows many floricultural products to grow well. Considering that the potential is still very large but has not been fully exploited, efforts are needed to encourage floriculture to be more developed. We also need to focus on improving the method of cultivating plants in order to increase their economic value, without destroying the environment. Marigold is one of the most popular multifunctional ornamental plants. The problem in its cultivation is the presence of apical dominance which inhibits the growth of lateral shoots. Vertical growth will encourage flowering lateral shoots. Marigold flowering is affected by the number of flowering branches, so these branches need to be pruned. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction between GA3 concentration and pinching time on the growth and yield of marigold plants. This research was a field experiment with a split plot design consisting of two factors. The first factors as main plot, namely GA3 concentration (15, 200 and 250 ppm) and second factors as sub plot, namely pinching time (14, 21 and 28 days after planting). It was found that the interaction between gibberellins concentration of 200 ppm and pinching time of 14 DAP showed the fastest time of flower appearance. All concentrations of gibberellins gave the same good results for all parameters. Pinching time of 28 DAP gave the best results on plant height 35 DAP and number of flowers.
Potential of Local Orchid As a Source of Material for Genetic Improvement in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Galingging R Y , Gandhi M
Published: October 2023

Central Kalimantan Province is one of the largest provinces in Indonesia with quite a large diversity of genetic resources. This region has various land typologies which consequently have the potential for different biodiversity such as orchids. The research uses a methodology consisting of exploration, collection and collection of data in the field and measurement results, which was carried out in three districts, namely East Kotawaringin, Katingan and Seruyan, from October 2022 to December 2022. The objectives of this research are as follows: (1). Exploration process, (2). Ex-situ and in-situ conservation, (3). Characterization process, (4). Documentation process. From several exploration results, there are five local orchids that can be developed commercially, namely Coelogyne speciosa, Coelogyne foestermanii, Arundina gramminifolia, Bromheadya finlaysoniana, Dendrobium secundum. Selected local orchids have the potential to be developed and can be used in cross-breeding to produce superior new orchid types with attractive colors.
Estimation Of Genetic Parameters And Clustering Of Some Melon (Cucumis melo L) Strains Based On Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics
Authors: Supriyanta B , Wahyurini E , Alana A D
Published: October 2023

Plant breeding programs in assembling high yielding varieties of melon need to know the qualitative and quantitative characters. The superior melon plants that people are interested in are fresh fruit, sweet taste, thick and durable fruit flesh. The study was to obtain character nine of strains melon, clustering analysis, determine the estimated value of genetic diversity and determine potential melon strains for future breeding programs. The research method was a field experiment in a Completely Randomized Block Design with a single factor and three replications. The treatments used were 9 strains of melons DS-1-2-10-21-11, DS-1-2-10-21-22, DS-1-2-10-21-31, DNG-1-47-13, DNG-1-47-22, DNG-1-47-31, DNG-1-47-32, APL-11 and APL-12. The data were analyzed using Analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a level 5%. Estimation of genetic diversity is done by calculating the coefficient of diversity and heritability values in a broad sense. Clustering was analyzed using the Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering Method. The coefficient of similarity between strains was measured using the Euclidian Distance measurement transformation matrix. The character of the melon strains 1-2-10-21-31 is shorter, the stem diameter is large, the female flowering ages faster, the fruit diameter is large and the fruit flesh is thick. There are three clusters formed based on parameters. Variable plant height at 2 wap has a wide range of genetic diversity coefficients. A potential strains for further breeding programs is DS-1-2-10-21-31.
Performance of Six Sweet Corn Hybrid in Marginal Land Use Drip Irrigation
Authors: Supriyanta B , Wicaksono D , Razzokov Habib
Published: October 2023

Efforts to increase sweet corn production are carried out by utilizing marginal land equipped with drip irrigation. This effort requires assembling sweet corn hybrid seeds that are suitable for marginal land. Assembling hybrid varieties requires information related to the expected testing of several hybrid lines. The objective of this study is to examine the growth and yield potential of several combinations of F-1 expectation crosses in marginal land use drip irrigation. This study was conducted at the Experimental Garden of Faculty of Agriculture, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta. This study used a diallel cross design with three replications. The treatments were 10 numbers of sweet corn consisting of 7/5-1B, KD/1-3, and 50/4-2B as parents, KD/1-3☓7/5-1B, KD/1-3☓50/4-2B, 7/5-1B☓KD/1-3, 7/5-1B☓50/4-2B, 50/4-2B☓KD/1-3, 50/4-2B☓7/5-1B as F1 and the sweet corn variety Talenta for comparison. The observation variable consisted of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, ear height, male flowering age, female flowering age, ear length without husk, ear diameter without husk, weight of ear without husk and level of sweetness. Each variable was analyzed using variance with α = 5%. The results showed that the combination of the F-1 hope crosses which has the potential to become a hybrid variety is the combination of 50/4-2BXKD/1-3 crosses.
Optimization of the Detection Method for Xanthomonas axonopodis on Chili Pepper Seeds Using Polymerase Chain Reaction with Two Difference Primers
Authors: Aisya D , Poerwanto M E , Wicaksono D , Ortuoste J D
Published: October 2023

The detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv vesicatoria (XAV) from chili seeds was carried out to avoid spreading XAV through seed. Detection of XAV in chili seeds through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using XAVF/XAVR and RST65/RST69 primers sometimes got unclear electrophoresis results. This research was conducted to determine the optimal time and temperature of primer annealing, and primer concentration to detect XAV on chili pepper seeds. Optimization was conducted in three phases, (1) optimization of primer annealing temperature, (2) optimization of annealing time, and (3) determinate primer concentration. The results show that XAVF/XAVR primer is optimal at 60°C for 30 seconds on the primer concentration of 10 pmol, and primer RST65/RST69 is optimal at 58°C for 20 seconds on the primer concentration of 10 pmol. The optimal time, temperature of primer annealing, and primer concentration were validated by three repetitions using positive and negative control. The validation test result shows that optimal time and temperature of primer annealing, and primer concentration consistently produce clear electrophoresis results without smear.
The Impact of Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) On Runoff Coefficient at Upper Bengawan Solo Watershed, Central Java (Jawa Tengah) Province
Authors: Wuryanta A , Pramono I B , Chulafak G A , Putra M N R
Published: October 2023

Land use land cover change (LULCC) can cause hydrological impact. LULCC for economic activities can provide social and economic benefits, however, these changes often have an impact on decreasing environmental quality. This study aims to determine LULCC in the impact on hydrological conditions, especially on the runoff coefficient. The research location is in the Upper Solo Watershed which has an outlet in Jurug, which has an area of approximately 368,792.43 ha. Water discharge from 2013 to 2021 was obtained from the Bengawan Solo Water Resources Management Office, Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR). LULCC data were analyzed from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite imagery recorded in 2013, 2018 and 2021. Based on Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery results, land cover/use has changed in 2013, 2018 and 2021. Some types of land use that have changed significantly are forest area, dry land agriculture, built-up areas and paddy fields. In the period 2013 - 2018, there was a reduction in the forest area of 0.22% of the watershed area, a reduction in the area of dry land agriculture by 7.16% and addition of a built-up area of 7.16% of the watershed area, an increase in the area of paddy fields by 2.87%. In the period 2018 - 2021, there was a reduction in a forest area of 2.82% of the watershed area, a reduction in water bodies of 0.47% addition of dry land agriculture of 1.51%, and addition of paddy fields of 1.45%. In 2013 the runoff coefficient was 0.41. In 2018, with the addition of a built-up area of 7.16% of the watershed area, the runoff coefficient increased to 0.54. In 2021 the runoff coefficient was decreased to 0.46. LULCC from 2013 to 2021 causes the runoff coefficient value to increase from 0.41 to 0.46.
Fertilization and Amelioration Method to Increase Rice Productivity in Tidal Swamp Land Type C on The Border of West Kalimantan-Malaysia
Authors: Masganti  , Sari N N , Abduh A M , Anwar K , Khairullah I , Rina Y , Saleh M , Agustina R
Published: October 2023

Tidal swamp land is an important resource in providing rice in the border area of Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan-Malaysia. However, rice production capacity in tidal swamp land is still low. Applying appropriate and balanced fertilizers tailored to the unique nutrient requirements and salinity levels of tidal swamp soil can support optimal paddy growth and productivity. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the combination of fertilization and amelioration application on the growth and productivity of rice in tidal swamp land with a type C overflow. The study tested the treatment of amelioration (without lime/A0; CaCO3/A1; and (Ca, Mg)(CO3)2)/A2) and fertilization dose (based on farmer and recommendation) in Tebas Sungai Village, Tebas District, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan. The treatment was arranged in a split-plot design consisted of amelioration methods as main plot while fertilization dose as suplot. The results showed that plant growth, yield components, and productivity were influenced by lime source and fertilizer dose. The highest productivity (5.62 tons ha-1) was obtained from the plot treated with CaCO3 and fertilized according to the recommendation.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Bun Made from Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato Clones
Authors: Utomo Joko Susilo , Ginting Erliana
Published: October 2023

Sweet potato tubers are source of carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, beta-carotene, anthocyanins, and other phenolic components. Beta-carotene has been promoted because of its high antioxidant activity and health benefits. The research activity was aimed to determine the suitability of orange sweet potato as a substitute material for bun making. The texture characteristics of MSU 14011-09 showed the highest chewiness value compared to the other three varieties and one clone. Beta-carotene levels of mashed orange sweet potatoes varied. The highest value was found in Beta 1 (12,601μg/100g, dw) and the lowest was MSU 14011-09 (3,561μg/100g, dw. Beta-carotene affects the color of mashed sweet potatoes. The bun made from Beta 2 and MSU 14011-09 had low moisture content and high yield, whereas the bun from Beta 2 had high cohesiveness. Beta 1 produces buns with high L, a*, and b* values, whereas Beta 2 and MSU 14011-09 produce buns with low L, a*, and b* values. The lower the a* and b* value of Bun, the higher the color preferences of the panelists. Beta 2, Beta 3, and MSU 14014-84, were suitable for bun production.
The Effect of Pineapple Juice Concentration (Ananas comosus L.) and Pectin Concentration on Pineapple Milk Powder Characteristics
Authors: Hariadi Hari , Nanang Surahman Diki , Mulyanto Astro Hendarwin , Edi Wahyu Anggara Cahya , Haryanto Aidil , Susilo Adhi , Yuliastuti Endah Sulistyowati Eko , Maruapey Ajang , Asbur Yenni
Published: October 2023

The processing of dairy products can result in ready-to-serve or ready-to-drink products. The process of drying generally turns dairy products into powder that must first be dissolved. A randomized block design with a 3x3 factorial analysis with just two components was used in this research, factors namely factor N (pineapple juice concentration) which consisted of 3 levels, namely n 1: 10%, n2: 20%, and n3: 30%, and factor P (pectin concentration) which consisted of 3 levels, namely p1: 0.1%, p2: 0.3% and p3: 0.5%. In this research, chemical interactions including pH, vitamin C levels, and water content were reviewed. Dissolution time, insolubleness, hygroscopicity, L* a* b* color intensity, and yield quantity are characteristics of physical interactions. Organoleptic responses include color, aroma, taste, and after taste. pineapple juice's impact on the body's chemistry, physiology, and organoleptic response. Water content, pH level, dissolving rate, insoluble, color intensity, and organoleptic reaction to aftertaste are all affected by pectin concentration. Water content, vitamin C levels, and color intensity values *L and *b are all impacted by the interaction between pineapple juice concentration and pectin concentration.
Effect of The Screw-Barrel Clearance and The Cooling Fan on Non-Wheat Noodle Extruder Performance
Authors: Hanifah U , Taufan A , Sholichah E
Published: October 2023

This research was related to the development of technology for making non-wheat noodles. The process of making non-wheat noodles requires special treatment because of their different characteristics from wheat noodles. One solution that can be used is extrusion technology. Therefore, a single-screw extruder with a small capacity was developed which is expected to meet the needs of SMEs producing non-wheat noodles. This technology is supposed to be capable of supporting an industry based on the utilization of local raw materials, hence enhancing economic growth and sustainable development. Extruder design parameters should be adapted to the dough characteristics; thus, an experimental investigation was done to determine the appropriate design. The first design extruder needed fixing. Dough backflow occurred during the extrusion process, resulting in blocked dough feeding. The wide clearance between the screw and the barrel caused the dough to backflow. Because of friction in the process, a poorly controlled working temperature raised the temperature continually. The poorly controlled working temperature caused an overheated and puffed product. The second design extruder had the clearance smaller, with the size of 0.5 mm, had the die equipped with a breaker plate, and complemented with the cooling fan. The experimental investigation included extruder performance in throughput, energy consumption, operating temperature stability, and noodle quality at various screw rotational speeds. The screw rotational speed was set by setting the inverter at the operation frequency, which resulted in the screw rotational speed of 30 and 40 rpm. The optimum screw rotational speed was resulting the highest noodles throughput with the specific energy consumption (SEC) lower than the other screw rotational speed. The result indicated that the smaller screw-barrel clearance could minimize the backflow, and the cooling fan could maintain the working temperature, so the product puffing could be prevented, and noodle quality was better, but the specific energy consumption was higher than the previous one.
Indonesia Robusta Coffee Value Chain: Mapping and Upgrading Opportunities
Authors: Suryana A T , Harianto  , Syaukat Y , Harmini
Published: October 2023

Coffee, one of the agricultural commodities, aligns with specific relevant SDGs in addressing its sustainability challenges. This study aims to map and analyze the value chain to identify areas where upgrading interventions could be implemented to enhance the chain’s sustainability. This research was conducted in Bogor Regency, West Java, and Pagar Alam City, South Sumatra, in 2022. 112 farmers and 23 downstream actors participated in this study as respondents. The research utilized the qualitative descriptive method, incorporating the M4P (Making Markets Work for the Poor) approach, Ishikawa analysis, and Gereffi concept. The research discovered that a wide range of actors is involved in the chain, including small farmers, intermediaries traders, cooperative, processing industries, roasteries, retail, and coffee shops. The finding reveals robusta value chain includes several stages of transformation: input, production, processing, trading, roasting, and marketing. Four types of upgrading can be carried out. First, process upgrading by increasing productivity through implementing Good Agricultural Practices and improving post-harvest handling and processing that optimizes water usage and minimizes waste. Second, product upgrading involves product differentiation by producing red-picked green beans. Third, functional upgrading through coffee industrialization by enhancing partnerships in the production network. Fourth, inter-sectoral upgrading by finding new coffee markets. Implementing these interventions is expected to improve the sustainability of Indonesia robusta coffee value chain.
Evaluation of Purple Sweetpotato Promising Clones Resistance to Scab (Sphaceloma batatas) Disease
Authors: Indriani F C , Sumartini  , Rahajeng W , Restuono J
Published: October 2023

Scab disease is the main disease on sweetpotato, planting the resistance varieties to scab disease is an effective, easy, and inexpensive way. The research was carried out in Jambegede Experimental Station in January – April 2021. The material tested were 13 purple promising clones from the breeding section, four check varieties that are Antin 2, Antin 3, Papua Solossa and Ir, Melati. Inoculation ofSphaceloma batatasfungus (spore density 104spores/ml solution) were done when the plantation 14 days old, in the afternoon, by evenly applying spore suspension to the entire plant. The severity of scab disease is observed when the plants at 60 days old. The sample used were 10 tendrils per clone, the scab intensity was percentage of tendril area infected by scab. Besides, tuber characters such sweetpotatoes as marketable tuber weight, tuber shape, dry matter content, also morphological characters such as plant type, leaf shape, anatomy of leaves such as number of bone leaves, number of stomata and stomata density and the The degree of infection of scab disease were observed. The experiment’s result showed that eight sweetpotato promising clones was resistant, one clones were moderately resistant, four clones were moderately susceptible. Four clone recommended as new variety based on high productivity, good quality of tuber performance namely MSU 10001-15, MSU 10003-07, MSU 10010-43 and MSU 10018-40.
Implementation of Government Assistance for Stators-tech Equipment at Broiler Chicken Closed Houses in Palopo City Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Burhanuddin , Widodo Wahyu , Sutanto Adi , Sapar  , Zalizar Lili , Iswahyudi  , Mujianto  , Purnomo Hari , Syafruddin  , Rosa Imelda
Published: October 2023

In closed-house enclosures with various sensors, air quality parameters are sometimes not monitored regularly, especially during colder weather. Standard provisions are often not considered because reducing operating costs is cheaper. To produce these parameters, special efforts are needed to ensure temperature, relative humidity control, and simultaneous release of NH3 and CO2 gases. The cost of broiler chicken production reaches 70% from feed, so high feed use reduces farmer income. To help farmers reduce production costs, the Palopo Government provides equipment rocks to broiler chicken farmers as stators-tech tools, an element of wind speed in the cage. Data was collected directly from blower speed measurements produced by stators-tech and weighing body weight growth during maintenance. The results obtained by farmers using stator-tech control tools assisted by the Palopo City Government showed very significant results by getting an IP score of 505 (prime) because the effect of strong winds from blowers can be reduced by the tool, even though the mortality rate is 3.65%.
Government Policy Intervention Enhancing Soybean Industry Competitiveness in Wonogiri: A Policy Prioritization Study
Authors: Suwardi  , Rahayu Endang Siti , Sutrisno Joko , Marwanti Sri
Published: October 2023

This research aims to assess the role of government policy intervention in enhancing the competitiveness of the soybean industry in Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia. In the face of challenges such as price fluctuations and supply chain limitations, this study employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to identify key priorities for policy intervention. Data collected through interviews with 25 stakeholders, including policymakers and industry practitioners in September 2022, provide insights into the hierarchy of criteria and alternative strategies. The findings reveal that effective supervision management stands as the top priority criterion, emphasizing the need for robust government oversight in the soybean supply chain. Furthermore, within the hierarchy of alternative strategies, competitiveness support policy emerges as a critical priority, underscoring its significance in adding value to local soybean business activities and fostering global competitiveness. In conclusion, this research establishes that government policy intervention, particularly in the domains of supervision management and competitiveness support policy, has the potential to significantly enhance the competitiveness of the soybean industry in Wonogiri Regency. By focusing on these strategies, the government can positively impact the welfare of industry practitioners and drive economic growth in the region. This study contributes valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to strengthen the soybean industry’s position in the local and global markets.
Improved Dynamic Model of The North Sulawesi Province Food Security System
Authors: Molenaar Robert , Lengkey Lady , Nurali Erny
Published: October 2023

Dynamics of the North Sulawesi food security system is studied in this research, where various factors related to food consumption and production are identified. Since rice is accepted as the main food commodity for the Indonesian population, the source of 50% of the average Indonesian’s daily calorie intake, therefore, the behavior of the food security system studied is related to the condition of the availability of rice to meet the consumption of the population in North Sulawesi Province. System dynamics is used as the methodology with the objectives to identify the various factors that influence rice consumption and production in North Sulawesi Province, and develop model accordingly to simulate the dinamics of rice availability in response to changes in rice consumption and production factors. The simulation carried out for a period of 25 years, namely from 2022 to 2047, resulted that at the rice production side, the current productivity cannot meet the need of North Sulawesi Province population consumption, causing importing rice must be carried out to fill up the gap. By improving the production and consumption aspects, such as using high yield variety of rice and introducing food diversification, the availability of rice become sufficient to meet the consumption needs of the people of North Sulawesi. This study then recommends the improvement for sustainable development of food security system in North Sulawesi Province.
Auction Market Dynamics and Chili Supply Chain Performance in Yogyakarta
Authors: Suprihanti Antik , Putri Bunga P H , Ramli Nurul Nadia
Published: October 2023

This study delves into the supply chain intricacies of chili in Yogyakarta, a major determinant in recent inflation trends. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were garnered from 53 key stakeholders encompassing farmers, traders, and auction market managers. The chili supply chain was delineated into four principal stages: farmers, assembly points, auction markets, and traders, underpinning three core flows - product, monetary transactions, and information dissemination. Noteworthy findings highlight an exemplary performance of the chili supply chain, marked by high responsiveness, agility, and commendable asset management efficiency. Interestingly, an intertwined price dynamic was observed: the Yogyakarta auction market's chili prices mirror those of the Jakarta market, and vice versa. The implications of these insights can be pivotal for devising strategies to ensure price stability and bolstering food security, emphasizing the potential role of auction markets as integral mechanisms in stabilizing commodity prices.
Ecological and Economic Impacts of 3R in Surakarta’s Urban-Agricultural Interface
Authors: Marwanti S , Barokah U , Antriyandarti E , Rahayu W , Suprihatin D N
Published: October 2023

In the urban-agricultural nexus of Surakarta, Indonesia, effective waste management plays a pivotal role in safeguarding ecological and resource integrity. This research delves into the interplay between the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) approach and its implications for both the environment and local agrarian economies. Using a descriptive framework, 120 urban households were interviewed in-depth, adopting a revenue approach to assess the economic valuation of agrarian waste. Results indicated a strong inclination amongst Surakarta inhabitants to integrate 3R principles, motivated by both economic gains and ecological stewardship. Agrarian waste presented an economic value of IDR 52,514.28, with 3R methodologies offering avenues to bolster household agrarian incomes, reduce environmental degradation, and optimize resource use. This was observed through decreased waste-associated costs, repurposing opportunities, and resource recovery. Yet, the full ecological and economic potential of 3R is hampered by challenges like limited community and government backing, awareness shortfalls, and infrastructural deficiencies. Addressing these challenges could enhance sustainable resource management and ecological balance within Surakarta's urban-agricultural context.