bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Legal Regime of the Technologies and Products Obtained Using GMOs: Discussion Questions
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Anisimov Alexey , Popova Olga ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Published: January 2022

Introduction: the paper examines the problems associated with the definition of the legal regime of the technologies and products obtained using GMOs. The experts in the field of genetics have not yet come to an unambiguous conclusion about the degree of harm or benefit of products obtained using genetic modifications. Russia has strict restrictive measures for the production of genetically modified products. Consequently, there is virtually no market for genetically modified seeds produced in Russia. Nevertheless, the world is actively developing industries for the production of genetically modified agricultural products, and the market for the production of seeds is “captured” by a small number of foreign companies. On the other hand, climate change dictates the inevitability of using genetically modified products, the need to accelerate genetic research, and the production of GMO seeds and food. In this context, the authors set a goal to find a compromise (balanced) legal regulation of the legal regime of the technologies and products obtained using GMOs. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the formal-legal method and the method of comparative legal analysis are the leading positions. Results: the authors propose to consider the bans or support for GMO products in the context of trends in global climate change and ensuring food security. The authors have made a comparative analysis of the provisions of the international norms and the Russian legislation on the research and application of GMO technologies and products, which helped to identify an unbalanced legal regulation of the use of the GMO technologies in Russia, which reduces its competitiveness in this area on the world market. Conclusions: the Russian legislation needs to minimize this legal imbalance, which puts researchers in the field of plant genetics and producers of GMO seeds and food in unequal (worse) conditions. The legal regulation should ensure the coexistence of organic (environmentally friendly) agriculture, traditional agriculture, and the use of the GMO technologies; the introduction of special labeling of GMO products; the broadening of the powers of regional authorities in the use of GMO technologies; as well as the application of the principle of “traceability” to GMO products.
The Comparative Law Research of Remission in Arbitration
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Rusakova Ekaterina , Zaitsev Viktor ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Published: January 2022

Introduction: the institute of remission has only received significant development since 2016 with the adoption of the arbitration reform and the introduction of appropriate changes concerning remission. To date, the legal framework for the procedure for the return of the state court in case of finding serious shortcomings of the arbitration decision has not been fully formed. The purpose of the study: to analyze the remission in the arbitration court after the state court has returned the arbitration decision to correct significant shortcomings. Relevance: the importance and relevance of the work are since the regulations of Russian arbitration institutions do not have provisions on remission. The regulations of foreign arbitration institutions only contain a reference to remission, but do not disclose in detail the conduct of this procedure. At the same time, the institute of remission plays a significant role in arbitration proceedings. The number of applications to this procedure in foreign countries, as well as the beginning of its development in Russia, emphasizes the need and relevance of the study. Methods: in the paper, the research methodology includes the general scientific methods of cognition, specific scientific methods, and special legal methods, the comparative method of analyzing the rules of arbitration institutions is used, and the systematic method is used to determine the formation of the former composition of the arbitration or the new one. Results: the rules of the relevant arbitration institution should be considered as the applicable rules for remission. As a general rule, remitted issues are considered by the same panel of arbitrators that previously made the relevant award. The validity of the arbitrators’ mandate depends on the relationship between the remitted issues and the arbitration decision. The arbitration refusal of remission must be justified. Based on the results of remission, a new decision or an additional one may be made. Conclusions: the institution of remission is important, as it allows you to effectively and quickly correct significant shortcomings while avoiding the cancellation of the arbitration decision, and preserve the partnership of the parties. Based on the analysis and the conclusions drawn, the authors’ own rules are formulated, which can be included in the rules of arbitration institutions.
Evaluation of cerebral hemodynamic status in patients with unilateral symptomatic carotid artery stenosis during motor tasks, through use of transcranial Doppler sonography
Authors: MILANLIOGLU Aysel , YAMAN Aslı , KOLUKISA Mehmet , ASIL Talip
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Background: Carotid artery stenosis increases cerebral ischemic event risk through changing different cerebral hemodynamic parameters. Objective: To investigate how cerebral hemodynamics in the M1 segment of middle cerebral artery change in patients with carotid artery stenosis, after motor tasks using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). Methods: Thirty-two healthy subjects and 30 patients with unilateral symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were recruited. The patient population was divided into three groups according to the degree of stenosis (group 1: ≥50 to 69%, group 2: 70 to 89% and group 3: ≥90 to 99%). TCD was used to measure the pulsatility index (PI) and cerebral vasomotor reactivity (CVR). Results: In the patient group, significant differences for symptomatic side PI values (p=0.01) and mean CVR increases (p=0.05) were observed, compared with the healthy controls. However, the difference was not statistically significant for asymptomatic side PI values and mean CVR increases. The results from the intergroup comparison showed significantly higher percentages of symptomatic and asymptomatic side CVR increases in group 1, compared with groups 2 and 3 (p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusions: Our study showed that cerebral autoregulation and hemodynamic mechanisms are impaired in patients with carotid artery stenosis. Furthermore, the impairment of PI and CVR tends to get worse with increasing degrees of stenosis. In addition, this study demonstrated that assessment of these two hemodynamic parameters in clinical practice might be helpful for monitoring the progress of carotid artery stenosis.
Functional outcomes in children related to self-care, mobility, and social function after stroke in early childhood: a cohort study
Authors: Mota Larissa Audi Teixeira , Silva Daniela Rodrigues Baleroni , Pfeifer Luzia Iara
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Background: Stroke has been increasingly recognized as an important morbidity and mortality factor in neonates and children. Children have different and more diverse risk factors than adults, commonly related to an underlying disease. Stroke may compromise functional capacity in children. Few studies have focused on functional outcomes related to activities and participation. Objectives: To investigate post-stroke functionality of children related to self-care, mobility, and social function. Methods: We assessed the functional outcome of 14 children younger than 7.5 years who suffered a stroke in early childhood through the use of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Results: The average age of the sample at assessment was 3.6 ± 1.4 years (2 - 6 years). The average scores in the PEDI functional domains of self-care, mobility, and social function were, respectively, 37.6 ± 15.4, 36.2 ± 15.4, and 48.7 ± 11.1. Children showed age-appropriate functional outcomes in the PEDI functional domains: 71.4% of them in self-care and mobility and 92.9% in social function. Children with bilateral injuries (p = 0.05) and longer hospital stays (r = -0.79, p = 0.001) showed the worst scores in PEDI's social function domains. Conclusions: Overall, our sample of preschool children showed age-appropriate functional outcomes on self-care, mobility, and social function domains after stroke. However, children with bilateral injuries and longer hospital stays showed the worst scores in social function domains. We recommend focusing on functional rehabilitation to promote activities and participation and to monitor the development of children's social skills after stroke.
An overview of dysphagia rehabilitation for stroke patients
Authors: Matos Klayne Cunha , Oliveira Vanessa Fernandes de , Oliveira Paula Luanna Carvalho de , Braga Neto Pedro
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Background: Dysphagia is characterized by difficulty in the swallowing pattern at any stage of this neuromuscular process. It is a frequent symptom after stroke. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the most commonly used phonoaudiological interventions as therapy for the treatment of swallowing disorders in patients with dysphagia after stroke. Methods: We performed a review of studies indexed in MEDLINE-PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane, and Clinical trials.gov focusing on speech-language interventions for adult dysphagic patients after stroke between January 2008 and January 2021. Results: Thirty-six articles of clinical trials were selected. Eleven different types of therapies have been studied. Studies on the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for the rehabilitation of adult patients with dysphagia after stroke are still scarce. Most techniques are combined with conventional therapy, so the effectiveness of the other techniques alone cannot be assessed. Conclusions: Therapeutic interventions should be selected in accordance with the possibilities and limitations of the patients, and especially with the findings of the clinical evaluation and with its objective.
Endogenous and exogenous serotonin, but not sumatriptan, ameliorate seizures and neuroinflammation in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model in rats
Authors: Torun Ibrahim Ethem , Kılınc Yasemin Baranoglu , Kilinc Erkan
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Background: Epilepsy has neuropsychiatric comorbidities such as depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. Drugs that target epilepsy may also be useful for its neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Objective: To investigate the effects of serotonergic modulation on pro-inflammatory cytokines and the seizures in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with serotonin, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, 5-HT1B/D receptor agonist sumatriptan, or saline 30 min prior to PTZ treatment. Behavioral seizures were assessed by the Racine's scale. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum and brain tissue were determined by ELISA. Results: Serotonin and fluoxetine, but not sumatriptan, alleviated PTZ-induced seizures by prolonging onset times of myoclonic-jerk and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The anti-seizure effect of fluoxetine was greater than that of serotonin. Likewise, serotonin and fluoxetine, but not sumatriptan, reduced PTZ-induced increases in the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in both serum and brain tissue. None of the administered drugs including PTZ affected TNF-α concentrations. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that endogenous and exogenous serotonin exhibits anticonvulsant effects by suppressing the neuroinflammation. It seems that 5-HT1B/D receptors do not mediate anticonvulsant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of serotonin.
“But man is not made for defeat”: insights into Ernest Hemingway’s dementia
Authors: Coutinho Léo , Teive Hélio Afonso Ghizoni
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Ernest Hemingway is widely regarded as one of the greatest fiction writers of all time. During his life, he demonstrated several signs of psychological suffering with gradual worsening and presentation of cognitive issues over his late years. Some of his symptoms and the course of his disease suggest that he might have suffered from an organic neurodegenerative condition that contributed to his decline, which culminated in his suicide in 1961. In this historical note, we discuss diagnostic hypotheses compatible with Hemingway’s illness, in light of biographical reports.
Estado e transição na tradição marxista: formas políticas para pensar a atualidade
Authors: Duarte Marcus Paulo Eiffle , Barreto Patrícia Baptista , Pinheiro Luci Faria
Published: January 2022

Resumo: Buscou-se a concepção de Estado e sua alternativa na tradição marxista para uma reflexão das possibilidades de transformação da realidade atual conjuntamente com a teoria da transição de Mészáros, já que apesar do progresso econômico persiste o subdesenvolvimento social. Conclui-se que a democratização da forma política atual é um caminho para a transformação e que a crise proporciona uma janela de oportunidades para novas concepções políticas.
Determinação social da saúde numa comunidade quilombola: análise com a matriz de processos críticos
Authors: Gomes Wanessa da Silva , Gurgel Idê Gomes Dantas , Fernandes Saulo Luders
Published: January 2022

Resumo: Este artigo objetivou analisar a determinação social da saúde numa comunidade quilombola do agreste pernambucano. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação, na qual se realizaram dez entrevistas e seis encontros do Círculo de Cultura, sendo analisados por meio da Matriz de Processos Críticos. Os resultados mostram que ser saudável no quilombo passa pelo fortalecimento da integralidade em saúde e pelo viver dignamente. O artigo apresenta uma perspectiva analítica para a compreensão da determinação social nos quilombos.
Replacing ultra-processed foods with fresh foods to meet the dietary recomendations: a matter of cost?
Authors: Maia Emanuella Gomes , Passos Camila Mendes dos , Granado Fernanda Serra , Levy Renata Bertazzi , Claro Rafael Moreira
Published: January 2022

The study aimed to analyze the economic impact of the adoption of optimized and nutritionally balanced diets to Brazilian families, considering the Brazilian dietary guidelines and the economic disparities of the population. Data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey from 2008-2009 (550 strata; 55,970 households) were used. About 1,700 foods and beverages purchased by the Brazilians were classified into 4 groups according to NOVA system. Linear programming models estimated isoenergetic diets preserving the current diet as baseline and optimizing healthier diets gradually based on the “golden rule” of the Brazilian dietary guidelines, respecting nutritional restrictions for macronutrients and micronutrients (based on international recommendations) and food acceptance limits (10th and 90th percentiles of the per capita calorie distribution from the population). The diet cost was defined based on the sum of the average cost of each food group, both in the current and optimized diets (BRL per 2,000Kcal/person/day). The economic impact of the Brazilian dietary guidelines to Brazilian household budget was analyzed by comparison the cost of the optimized diets to the cost of the current diet, calculated for the total population and by income level. Three healthier diets were optimized. Current diet cost was BRL 3.37, differed among low- and high-income strata (BRL 2.62 and BRL 4.17, respectively). Regardless of income, diet cost decreased when approaching the guidelines. However, low-income strata compromised their household budget more than two times the high-income strata (20.2% and 7.96%, respectively). Thus, the adoption of healthier eating practices can be performed with the same or lower budget.
Morphophysiological changes of Acca sellowiana (Myrtaceae: Myrtoideae) saplings under shade gradient
Authors: Silva L. R. , Moura A. P. C. , Gil B. V. , Rohr A. , Almeida S. M. Z. , Donazzolo J. , Perboni A. T. , Oliveira F. L. R. , Sant’Anna-Santos B. F. , Galon L. , Danner M. A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract Understanding morphological and physiological changes under different light conditions in native fruit species in juveniles’ stage is important, as it indicate the appropriate environment to achieve vigorous saplings. We aimed to verify growth and morphophysiological changes under shade gradient in feijoa (Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret) to achieve good quality saplings adequate to improve cultivation in orchards. The saplings were grown for twenty-one-month under four shading treatments (0%, 30%, 50%, and 80%). Growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf anatomy parameters were evaluated. Saplings under full sun and 30% shade had higher height and diameter growth and dry mass accumulation due to higher photosynthesis rate. As main acclimatization mechanisms in feijoa saplings under 80% shade were developed larger leaf area, reduced leaf blade thickness, and enhanced quantum yield of photosystem II. Even so, the net CO2 assimilation and the electron transport rate was lower and, consequently, there was a restriction on the growth and dry mass in saplings under deep shade. Therefore, to obtain higher quality feijoa saplings, we recommend that it be carried out in full sun or up to 30% shade, to maximize the sapling vigor in nurseries and, later, this light environment can also be used in orchards for favor growth and fruit production.
Insects associated to ephemeral pools in Huentelauquén (29ºS Coquimbo Region, Chile)
Authors: Pizarro-Araya J. , Alfaro F.M. , Ríos-Escalante P. De Los
Published: January 2022

Abstract In northern central Chile, ephemeral pools constitute shallow isolated water bodies with a favourable habitat for fauna adapted to seasonal changes. Based on the limited knowledge about the fauna—particularly insects—associated to these ecosystems, the objective of this study was to characterize the richness, composition, structure and similarity of the insect communities associated with ephemeral pools in Huentelauquén (29º S, Coquimbo Region, Chile). By using pitfall traps, 10,762 individuals were captured, represented by 7 orders, 27 families, and 51 species. Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were the best represented orders, with Neuroptera, Orthoptera and Plecoptera being poorly represented groups. The non-parametric estimators evaluated showed wealth values above those observed for all the studied pools, and their accumulation curves suggest the existence of an incomplete species inventory in the studied community. Additionally, the hierarchical and ordering analysis showed groupings of pools located in the northwest and southeast of Huentelauquén. Preliminarily we found a negative correlation between the area of the pools and the richness (species) and abundance of insects. Additional studies (on other arthropod groups and other seasons of the year) could provide a better understanding of the local processes of extinction and colonization of the species inhabiting these fragile coastal environments.
Molecular characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from diseased fishes in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Tooba L. , Shahzad A. , Zahid M. , Muhammad R. , Anam I. , Abdur R.A. , Mohammed A. A. , Mater H. M.
Published: January 2022

Abstract Pakistan is an agricultural country and fisheries play a very important role in the economic development of the country. Different diseases are prevalent in Pakistani fish but information related to the causative agents is not well-known. Keeping in view the significance of bacterial pathogens as the causative agents of multiple fish diseases, the present study was conducted for identification, characterization and analysis of virulence genes of Aeromonas spp. isolated from diseased fishes. A total of fifty fish samples having multiple clinical indications were collected from different fish farms of district Kasur, Punjab Pakistan. For isolation of Aeromonas spp. samples were enriched and inoculated on Aeromonas isolation medium. Isolates were identified and characterized by different biochemical tests, Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E kit and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. All isolates were screened for three putative virulence genes including aerolysin (aer), haemolysin (hyl) and heat labile cytotonic enterotoxin (alt). Seven isolates of Aeromonas (A.) hydrophila were retrieved and identified based on API 20E. These isolates were further confirmed as A. hydrophila on the basis of PCR assays. Three isolates were detected positive for the presence of virulence genes (alt and hyl). Whereas aerolysin (aer) gene was not present in any of A. hydrophila isolates. The present study confirmed A. hydrophila as the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome and motile Aeromonas septicemia in fish farms of district Kasur, Punjab Pakistan. Moreover, detection of two virulence genes (alt and hyl) in A. hydrophila isolates is a threat for fish consumers of study area.
Natural and experimental salinomycin poisoning associated with the use of florfenicol in pigs
Authors: Carvalho Amanda Q. , Wisser Cláudia S. , Manfioletti Guilherme O. , Rigo Natalia , Cristani José , Traverso Sandra D.
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT: This study describes the spontaneous and experimental salinomycin poisoning associated with the use of florfenicol and warns about the effects of the administration of antibiotics to animals that receive ionophores in the feed as growth promoters. A batch with 1,200 finishing pigs fed a diet containing 30ppm of salinomycin received florfenicol (60ppm via feed) to control respiratory diseases. Twenty-seven pigs had difficulty walking, tip-toe walking, muscle tremors, and anorexia seven days after the start of treatment. Twenty-two animals died, 10 recovered, and two were sent to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of CAV-UDESC to be necropsied. The experimental reproduction of the disease was carried out to clarify the possible influence of florfenicol on salinomycin poisoning using 12 pigs divided into four groups with three animals each, treated for 16 days with diets containing no additives (Group 1), 50ppm of salinomycin (Group 2), 40ppm of florfenicol (Group 3), and 50ppm of salinomycin and 40ppm of florfenicol (Group 4). Only animals in Group 4 became ill. The clinical disease was reproduced from the ingestion of 24.67mg/kg/LW of salinomycin and 19.74mg/kg/LW of florfenicol. Both natural and experimental salinomycin poisoning associated with the use of florfenicol caused a condition of myopathy characterized in histology by hyaline degeneration and floccular necrosis of skeletal fibers, with macrophage infiltrate, associated with the figures of regeneration in skeletal muscles and multifocal areas of the proliferation of fibroblasts, being more intense in the longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus muscles. Therefore, florfenicol can cause the accumulation of ionophore salinomycin in the animal organism, resulting in a condition of toxic myopathy.
Accidental monensin poisoning in buffaloes in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Silva Antonio W.O. , Mendonça Múcio F.F. , Freitas Moisés D. , Ribeiro Filho Antonio L. , Silva Ricardo D.G. , Leal Paula V. , Pimentel Luciano A. , Peixoto Tiago C.
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT: Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic (IA) widely used for growth promotion and weight gain in the production of ruminants. However, it has caused intoxication in several species, including buffaloes, mainly because of the ignorance or disrespect of the recommendations for use in each animal species. The objective of this study was to describe, for the first time, clinical-epidemiological and anatomopathological data of an outbreak of accidental poisoning by monensin in buffalos and rediscuss the recommendation of the use of IA in the production of this species. The outbreak affected 21 adult buffaloes after consumption of remains from a feed formulated on the farm and whose constituents were mixed by hand. Clinical and first death signs were observed 24 hours after ingestion of this food. In general, the clinical picture was characterized by muscle weakness, tremors, difficulty in locomotion, and decubitus. Fifteen buffaloes presented clinical signs of poisoning (71.5% morbidity), followed by death (100% lethality), after acute to subacute evolution (<24h to 96h). Laboratory tests indicated elevated serum activity of creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. Three buffaloes underwent necropsy, and samples from several organs were collected for histopathological examination. The main injuries found were hyaline degeneration and multifocal segmental necrosis in the skeletal and cardiac striated muscles (myopathy and degenerative-necrotic multifocal multifocal-necrotic cardiopathy). The diagnosis was confirmed by the toxicological evaluation of suspected ration remains, which detected 461.67mg/kg of monensin. The death of 71.5% buffaloes in this lot occurred due to a succession of errors, which included faults in the formulation of the ration and, above all, due to the use of monensin in a highly sensitive species. Despite the possible beneficial effects of IA use as a dietary supplement for buffaloes, we are of the opinion that IAs should never be used in bubalinoculture since any increment in production does not compensate for the imminent risk of death due to a small safety margin for this species and the absence of antidotes.
Comparison of macroscopy, histopathology and PCR for diagnosing Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens
Authors: Balestrin Patrícia W.G. , Balestrin Eder , Santiani Fábio , Cristo Thierry G. de , Pereira David G. , Bonatto Gustavo R. , Bilick João V. , Casagrande Renata A.
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT: Coccidiosis is a disease of great importance in industrial poultry. The correct diagnosis directs the poultry industry to its best treatment and control. Thus, a survey of Eimeria spp. was carried out in intestines of 64 broiler flocks, with an average age of 29 days. Eight broilers from each flock were randomly removed from the slaughter line, in a total of 512 samples. Macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the intestine were classified into Scores 0 to 4. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to research the oocysts from the seven species of Eimeria spp. in the intestinal content. The macroscopic evaluations showed that 59.4% (38/64) of the flocks were positive for E. acervulina, 32.8% (21/64) for E. maxima, 29.7% (19/64) for E. tenella, and 34.4% (22/64) for E. brunetti. The histopathological evaluation showed that 87.5% (56/64) of the flocks had at least one broiler with parasitic structures compatible with Eimeria spp. in the duodenum, 70.3% (45/64) in the jejunum, 18.8% (12/64) in the ileum, 46.9% (30/64) in the cecum, and 4.7% (3/64) in the colon. In PCR, 21.9% (14/64) of the flocks were positive for E. acervulina, 12.5% (8/64) for E. maxima, 3.1% (2/64) for E. mitis, and 32.8% (21/64) for E. tenella. The Kappa Cohen test between macroscopy, histopathology, and PCR demonstrated concordance ranging from weak to moderate with the exception of histopathology and PCR of the cecum, which was strong. In the comparison between macroscopy and histopathology, there were significative differences between Scores 0 and 1 (apart from the cecum). For Score 3, there were significative differences in duodenum, jejunum and cecum (p<0.05). In conclusion, the macroscopic diagnosis and PCR can generate false-negative results, and the histopathological exam proved to be effective, making it essential to associate different techniques for the correct diagnosis of Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens.
Indicadores de sustentabilidade para sistemas agroflorestais: levantamento de metodologias e indicadores utilizados
Authors: Araújo Fabiana Aparecida da Silva , Andrade Luciano Pires de , Reis Molica Renato José , Andrade Horasa Maria Lima da Silva
Published: January 2022

Resumo Os sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) se apresentam viáveis para a agricultura familiar como alternativa à agricultura convencional. Para avaliar a sustentabilidade desses sistemas, pode-se fazer uso de indicadores. Os estudos de indicadores de sustentabilidade nesses sistemas podem ser um mecanismo de incentivo à sua ampliação, subsidiando a atuação de assistência técnica e extensão rural (ATER), um investimento em políticas públicas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico e para novas pesquisas. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa se orientou em analisar os estudos sobre os indicadores de sustentabilidade em agroecossistemas por meio da produção de artigos dos últimos 30 anos, na base de dados do Portal de Periódicos Capes, que é uma biblioteca virtual no Brasil. As buscas, utilizando termos em espanhol, português e inglês, resultaram em um baixo número de artigos referentes ao tema, com pouca abordagem participativa, concentrados em reduzidas dimensões de sustentabilidade e com diferentes metodologias. Essas informações obtidas demonstram a necessidade de mais estudos, de forma participativa, para que se possam obter resultados representativos, contribuindo, assim, para uma melhor gestão e divulgação dos SAFs e servindo como orientadores de processos decisórios e de políticas públicas.
FLUTUAÇÃO POPULACIONAL DE INSETOS PREDADORES ASSOCIADOS A PRAGAS DO ALGODOEIRO
Authors: Barros R. , Degrande P.E. , Ribeiro J.F. de , Rodrigues A.L.L. , Nogueira R.F. , Fernandes M.G.
Published: January 2022

RESUMO Com o objetivo de identificar a flutuação populacional dos inimigos naturais associados às pragas da cultura do algodoeiro, foram feitos levantamentos populacionais destes artrópodos nas safras 2001/2002 e 2002/2003 em Dourados, MS. Avaliaram-se 100 plantas ao acaso em uma área de 20.000 m2, num total de 20 amostragens dos 7 aos 140 dias após a emergência, utilizando-se as variedades DeltaOpal e Fibermax 986 em 2001/2002 e 2002/2003, respectivamente. Também, em 2002/2003 foram feitos levantamentos dos artrópodes benéficos sobre o solo da cultura, através de avaliações visuais nas entrelinhas das 25 parcelas de 100 m2, e através da instalação de 25 armadilhas do tipo pitfall. Para a espécie mais abundante dos predadores no solo foi realizada a análise padrão de sua distribuição espacial utilizando-se o índice de Morisita. Nas duas safras, a família Coccinellidae foi a mais abundante do complexo de predadores, com níveis populacionais que seguiram a flutuação populacional do pulgão Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemíptera: Aphididae). A subordem Heteroptera (Hemiptera) apresentou a maior diversidade com insetos de 5 famílias, na safra 2001/2002. O método da armadilha pitfall foi mais eficiente que a avaliação visual. Dentre os predadores de solo, o mais abundante foi Calosoma granulatum cujo padrão de distribuição espacial foi agregado.
PERFIL DE SENSIBILIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DE AGENTES CONTAGIOSOS E AMBIENTAIS ISOLADOS DE MASTITE CLÍNICA E SUBCLÍNICA DE BÚFALAS
Authors: Cunha A.P , Silva L.B.G. da , Pinheiro Júnior J.W. , Silva D.R. da , Oliveira A.A. da F. , Silva K.P.C. da , Mota R.A.
Published: January 2022

RESUMO Com o objetivo de estudar a freqüência de agentes bacterianos envolvidos nos processos inflamatórios clínicos e subclínicos da glândula mamária de búfalas e realizar o perfil de sensibilidade dos agentes isolados, foram estudadas 128 búfalas em lactação, totalizando 512 quartos mamários. Realizou-se o “California Mastitis Test” para diagnóstico da freqüência de casos subclínicos e o exame físico da glândula mamária e teste da caneca telada para identificar os casos clínicos. As amostras de leite foram colhidas dos quartos que apresentaram reação ao C.M.T. (escores 1+, 2+, 3+) e daqueles com mastite clínica, sendo posteriormente realizados os exames microbiológicos para a identificação dos agentes envolvidos, além dos testes de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos. Observaram-se bactérias isoladas e associações destas em casos clínicos e subclínicos da doença, destacando-se o Staphylococcus coagulase negativa como o mais freqüente. Os testes de sensibilidade in vitro demonstraram maior eficácia para os antibióticos gentamicina (97,98%), florfenicol (93,94%) e enrofloxacina (90,90%). A gentamicina apresentou 100% de eficácia no tratamento dos casos clínicos, sendo considerada uma boa opção para o controle da doença no rebanho estudado.
DYNAMICS OF SERUM PROTEIN DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF GOATS BRED IN BRAZIL AND NATURALLY INFECTED BY CAPRINE ARTHRITIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS
Authors: Cyrillo F.C. , Leal M.L. do R. , Benesi F.J. , Della Libera A.M.M. de P.
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate variations in proteinogram occurring during the estrus cycle of animals infected or not by caprine arthritis encephalitis. Forty blood samples were collected from female goats in different phases of the estrus cycle (estrus, proestrus, metaestrus and diestrus). Samples were classified as positive (n = 5) and negative (n = 5), according to the results of the survey of antibodies against caprine arthritis encephalitis as performed by immunodiffusion in agar gel. Samples were also used in the determination of albumin, total protein and alpha, beta and gammaglobulin by means of electrophoresis and biuret method, respectively. Electrophoresis showed that estrus, proestrus, metaestrus and diestrus positive animals presented total protein mean equal to 7.96 ± 0.69, 7.67 ± 1.14, 7.77 ± 0.36, 7.48 ± 0.83; mean albumin equal to 3.22 ± 0.41, 3.11 ± 0.68, 3.30 ± 0.67, 3.28 ± 0.57; mean alphaglobulin equal to 0.70 ± 0.09, 0.70 ± 0.12, 0.69 ± 0.12, 0.61 ± 0.11; mean betaglobulin 1 equal to 0.85 ± 0.04, 0.87 ± 0.04, 0.90 ± 0.12, 0.83 ± 0.11; mean betaglobulin 2 equal to 0.77 ± 0.18, 0.68 ± 0.17, 0.60 ± 0.15, 0.54 ± 0.09; and mean gammaglobulin equal to 2.43 ± 0.47, 2.31 ± 0.54, 2.28 ± 0.49, 2.21 ± 0.54. Negative animals presented mean total protein equal 7.76 ± 1.31, 8.03 ± 1.10, 7.50 ± 0.51, 6.49 ± 1.14; mean albumin equal to 3.06 ± 0.46, 3.19 ± 0.46, 3.03 ± 0.62, 2.93 ± 0.96; mean alphaglobulin equal to 0.69 ± 0.19, 0.75 ± 0.18, 0.70 ± 0.24, 0.58 ± 0.20; mean betaglobulin 1 equal to 0.79 ± 0.03, 0.79 ± 0.23, 0.80 ± 0.15, 0.66 ± 0.16; mean betaglobulin 2 equal to 0.67 ± 0.20, 0.95 ± 0.37, 0.81 ± 0.40, 0.73 ± 0.41; and mean gammaglobulin equal to 2.35 ± 1.42; 2.42 ± 1.30, 2.23 ± 1.03, 1.92 ± 0.70, respectively. Variance analysis did not show any statistically significant differences. Animals infected by caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) did not present any changes in proteinogram, regardless of the phase of the estrus cycle they were in.
EFEITO DO EXTRATO AQUOSO DE DIFERENTES ESPÉCIES DE BOLDO SOBRE A GERMINAÇÃO E INDICE MITÓTICO DE ALLIUM CEPA L.
Authors: Iganci J.R.V. , Bobrowski V.L. , Heiden G. , Stein V.C. , Rocha B.H.G.
Published: January 2022

RESUMO Agentes químicos produzidos em algumas plantas podem provocar alterações no desenvolvimento de outras plantas ou até mesmo de outros organismos. Ensaios laboratoriais podem demonstrar os resultados destas interações, porém, sem considerar a ação do ambiente. Com este trabalho objetivou-se identificar a influência de extratos vegetais de 3 espécies conhecidas no Brasil popularmente como boldo sobre o desenvolvimento de Allium cepa. Os bioensaios foram conduzidos em germinador a 25° C, com extrato aquoso obtido por infusão de folhas frescas na concentração de 30 g.L-1 e água destilada como controle. Os testes de primeira contagem e germinação, que avaliam efeito alelopático foram realizados com 4 repetições de 50 sementes. Para determinação da citotoxicidade, através do índice mitótico (IM) foram contadas pela técnica de varredura 2.400 células por extrato. Os bioensaios realizados revelaram que os extratos vegetais interferiram sobre a germinação e sobre a divisão celular em células meristemáticas radiculares de A. cepa. Sementes expostas ao extrato de Vernonia condensata apresentaram as maiores divergências em relação ao grupo controle.
DETECÇÃO DE GENES DE RESISTÊNCIA ANTIMICROBIANA EM CROMOSSOMOS E PLASMÍDEOS DE STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP.
Authors: Neves M.C. , Rossi Junior O.D. , Alves E.C.C. , Lemos M.V.F.
Published: January 2022

RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o uso da prensa francesa para se adquirir material genético de estafilococos e detectar possíveis genes de resistência cromossomais e plasmidiais aos antimicrobianos oxacilina, gentamicina, canamicina e vancomicina. O método da difusão de discos em ágar foi realizado, inicialmente, para 50 linhagens de estafilococos e a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana foi confirmada por meio de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Os resultados obtidos pelo antibiograma constataram alta susceptibilidade para gentamicina e canamicina (4%) e oxacilina (8%). Todas as linhagens foram susceptíveis à vancomicina. O DNA bacteriano foi obtido por lise física a partir da prensa francesa. Os genes mecA e aph3’IIIa foram detectados no cromossomo dos estafilococos e o gene aac(6’) Ie + aph (2") foi observado tanto no cromossomo como no plasmidio destas bactérias. Pelos resultados pode-se concluir que a metodologia utilizada para a extração de DNA genômico, por meio da prensa francesa, foi barata e eficiente, pois possibilitou a detecção por PCR e a localização, por ultracentrifugação, de genes de resistência em estafilococos.
DA PROTEÇÃO À PROJEÇÃO: O Associativismo espanhol em Manaus (1901-1919)
Authors: PINHEIRO Maria Luiza Ugarte
Published: January 2022

Resumo Estudos relacionados ao tema do mutualismo no Brasil são relativamente recentes e, em grande medida, concentrados nas regiões sudeste e sul do país, áreas de grande incidência da imigração estrangeira e de manifestações operárias. No caso do Amazonas, esses estudos são praticamente inexistentes. Analisa-se aqui as associações do tipo mutuais étnicas, que se configuraram como o modelo adotado pela maioria das instituições criadas pela comunidade espanhola radicada em Manaus no início do século XX. A ideia subjacente ao associativismo desses imigrantes é, sobretudo, a do fortalecimento do processo organizativo e de suas lutas por direitos e garantias, através da formalização de instituições que fossem capazes de levar à cabo uma interlocução direta com a sociedade amazonense e suas instâncias políticas decisórias.
Algumas características das dissertações de conclusão do Curso de Mestrado em Medicina Interna da Universidade Federal da Bahia, no período 1972-1981
Authors: Vinhaes Lúcia Soares de Azevedo
Published: January 2022

Resumo: Analisam-se trinta e duas dissertações de conclusão do Curso de Mestrado em Medicina Interna da Universidade Federal da Bahia escritas no período de 1972-1981. Os aspectos examinados em cada tese foram os seguintes: área de conhecimento; tema; tipo de trabalho e principais procedimentos técnicos. Os resultados revelam as preferências dos alunos, indicando predomínio das áreas da Cardiologia e Nefrologia, dos temas Esquistossomose e Doença de Chagas e do método clínicolaboratorial.
Ensino integrado no ciclo básico
Authors: Lent Maria Alice Sigaud
Published: January 2022

Resumo: O artigo discute a atuação do Núcleo de Tecnologia Educacional para a Saúde (NUTES) e do Centro Latino Americano de Tecnologia Educacional para a Saúde (CLATES) junto aos docentes do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Descreve a metodologia utilizada nos cursos do ICB, assim como as mudanças curriculares propostas, e salienta a importância da integração das disciplinas do ciclo básico, como um fator facilitador no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Aponta, também, a importância do treinamento didático dos docentes, a fim de que possam aprimorar o planejamento de seus cursos e desenvolver atitude mais positiva em relação ao ensino.
Nossas práticas de avaliação: um anacronismo na escola
Authors: Medeiros Ethel Bauzer
Published: January 2022

Resumo: Salientando o descompasso entre, de um lado, as novas exigências sociais e os avanços correspondentes da tecnologia educacional e, do outro, as práticas correntes entre nós de avaliação escolar, o autor advoga a atualização do instrumental de verificação da aprendizagem. Para encarecer a urgência desta renovação, aponta as grandes falhas das provas tradicionais, responsáveis por sua reduzida validade e escassa precisão. Documentando-se em pesquisa, assina-la, ainda, as fundas repercussões das notas escolares na auto-estima dos alunos.
La integración sensorial y su importancia en el aprendizaje de los niños con trastorno de espectro autista
Authors: Vives-Vilarroig Juan , Ruiz-Bernardo Paola , García-Gómez Andrés
Published: January 2022

Resumen La integración sensorial se apoya en múltiples antecedentes teóricos que justifican su importancia para poder integrar la información que procede de los diferentes sentidos y desarrollar una respuesta adaptada al entorno. Así también, la literatura científica ha demostrado que existe una estrecha relación entre la integración sensorial y el aprendizaje. El objetivo de este artículo es abordar el concepto de integración sensorial y su influencia en el aprendizaje, en especial, de los niños con Trastorno de Espectro Autista. La metodología utilizada ha sido mediante una revisión bibliográfica de tipo narrativa, orientada por el objetivo de la investigación. Las bases de datos consultadas han sido: Web of Science, SCOPUS, Dialnet y RedaLyC. Y los principales descriptores han sido Integración Sensorial, Aprendizaje y Trastorno de Espectro Autista (TEA). Los resultados obtenidos apoyan la idea de que los niños con TEA suelen presentar dificultades en este proceso de integración sensorial, siendo ésta la causa explicativa de algunos de los problemas de aprendizaje y conducta que presentan. Se espera que a partir de este trabajo se potencie una toma de conciencia de la necesidad de considerar este aspecto durante el diagnóstico y/o la intervención para así favorecer una auténtica inclusión de los niños con TEA en la sociedad.
A EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL PELA ARTE RESISTINDO À NORMALIZAÇÃO ESCOLAR: UMA APRENDIZAGEM-CRIAÇÃO DE TEATRO
Authors: Roberto Lucas da Silva , Yonezawa Fernando Hiromi
Published: January 2022

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado desenvolvida no campo da Psicologia Institucional. O objetivo deste artigo foi produzir, descrever e analisar uma prática pedagógica, baseada em arte, junto a alunos com deficiência de uma escola de educação básica da rede municipal de Cariacica (ES), tendo como foco a experiência de produção de uma encenação teatral junto aos estudantes de educação especial. Ancorada no método cartográfico de pesquisa-intervenção e em conceitos da análise institucional francesa, tomou-se como principais norteadores as noções de que cartografar é acompanhar processos e cartografar é habitar um território existencial, tendo como instrumento de pesquisa a produção de diários de campo. Da análise desse diário, emergiram temas analíticos que indicaram pistas de aprendizagens oferecidas pelos estudantes, as quais rompem ou minimizam a força reprodutiva de controle, normalização, regulação e individualização. Concluímos que os estudantes com deficiência resistem aos processos de normalização e regulação da vida, encontrando na arte um território propício para a construção e expressão de outros possíveis, produzindo processos de singularização.
PROPAGANDA, MÍDIA E EDUCAÇÃO: O DISCURSO OFICIAL E PUBLICITÁRIO SOBRE A REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO DE 2017
Authors: Ortega André , Hollerbach Joana D'Arc Germano
Published: January 2022

Este artigo traz os resultados de uma pesquisa que analisou as propagandas sobre a reforma do Ensino Médio de 2017, realizando contrapontos com a realidade do sistema educacional brasileiro e levando em conta questões socioeconômicas, interpretações do próprio texto da lei e perspectivas históricas das políticas para o Ensino Médio no Brasil. Foram utilizadas  técnicas de análise documental e de conteúdo com uso do software Iramuteq de exame de textos à luz de matriz bibliográfica amparada nos principais eixos do materialismo histórico dialético. Identificou-se a existência de dois eixos contidos nas propagandas: a defesa de que a Lei nº 13.415/17 traz vigor e ares de renovação e novidade ao Ensino Médio, por um lado, ao passo em que, por outro, a exaltação de uma suposta liberdade de escolha por parte dos educandos pela trajetória curricular de acordo com suas ambições, desejos e metas pessoais para o futuro, o que aumentaria a satisfação destes com a experiência escolar. Entretanto, defendemos que o discurso oficial e publicitário sobre a Lei nº 13.415/17 apresenta um conteúdo falacioso, que distorce e manipula o conteúdo do texto legal, sendo que o objetivo principal dos anúncios é garantir as condições de implementação de uma reforma educacional que convém àqueles interessados na manutenção do status quo social, no qual uma elite domina e dirige a sociedade, controlando a produção e o grande capital, relegando ao conjunto restante da sociedade uma realidade socioeconômica totalmente adversa na qual nem mesmo a educação é garantida para todos de forma igualitária.
Characterising municipal solid waste to analyse life-cycle energy demand and emissions
Authors: O Nam-Chol , Choe Tong-Hyok , Kim Jong-Hun , Choe Chol-Mu
Published: January 2022

A life-cycle assessment (LCA) of waste management in Pyongyang, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was undertaken using a characterisation-based method to analyse cumulative energy demand and energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. The study showed that characterising waste fractions by composition, proportion, water content and heating value rather than simply mass was more effective for energy-related analysis in LCAs. The results indicated that the energy demand and emissions indicators could be used as appropriate proxies of the environmental impacts in life-cycle phases, since they were closely related. The results also revealed that waste incineration could result in energy credit to the national electricity mix, while waste landfill needed to be replaced with sanitary landfill and/or switched to incineration with energy recovery to be more sustainable.
This is a test too
Authors: Author Test , Rolloff Sylvia Alexis
Published: January 2022

Test two
The Social Practice and Regulation of Cycling as ‘A Boy’s Thing’ in Irish Secondary Schools
Authors: Egan Robert , Hackett Jane
Published: January 2022

Despite low levels of cycling to secondary education across the adolescent population in Ireland, there is, in addition, a pronounced inequality in rates of ridership between teenage girls and boys, with nearly 10 times as many boys cycling to school compared to girls. In light of this disparity, the Green-Schools #andshecycles campaign was created to explore and address the cycling gender gap among second-level students. Emerging from this campaign, this paper details qualitative research exploring this gender gap, drawing on focus groups with teenage girls and boys across Ireland. Using grounded theory methodology, a theory of cycling as 'A Boy's Thing' was generated. This theory makes sense of how cycling as a social practice is continually enacted, reproduced and regulated as a practice of and for boys among Irish adolescents, through related practices of exemplifying masculinity, incompatible femininity and processes of gender regulation. It has significant implications in considering the effects of gender as a configuration of social practice (Connell, 2005) or performance (Butler, 1990) on cycling, and how cycling is a uniquely gendered practice/performance in particular contexts. In light of this theoretical interpretation, two approaches for tackling the Irish second-level cycling gender gap are provided: first, promoting cycling among teenage girls by making cycling more compatible with dominant practices of femininity; second, promoting cycling among teenage girls by publicly rejecting and subverting dominant practices of femininity and processes of gender regulation relating to cycling in present day Ireland. 