bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct observation of coherent energy transfer in nonlinear micromechanical oscillators
Authors: Chen Changyao , Zanette Damián H. , Czaplewski David A. , Shaw Steven , López Daniel
Published: May 2017

Energy dissipation is an unavoidable phenomenon of physical systems that are directly coupled to an external environmental bath. In an oscillatory system, it leads to the decay of the oscillation amplitude. In situations where stable oscillations are required, the energy dissipated by the vibrations is usually compensated by replenishment from external energy sources. Consequently, if the external energy supply is removed, the amplitude of oscillations start to decay immediately, since there is no means to restitute the energy dissipated. Here, we demonstrate a novel dissipation engineering strategy that can support stable oscillations without supplying external energy to compensate losses. The fundamental intrinsic mechanism of resonant mode coupling is used to redistribute and store mechanical energy among vibrational modes and coherently transfer it back to the principal mode when the external excitation is off. To experimentally demonstrate this phenomenon, we exploit the nonlinear dynamic response of microelectromechanical oscillators to couple two different vibrational modes through an internal resonance.
Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of very long chain fatty acid-derived chemicals
Authors: Yu Tao , Zhou Yongjin J. , Wenning Leonie , Liu Quanli , Krivoruchko Anastasia , Siewers Verena , Nielsen Jens , David Florian
Published: May 2017

Production of chemicals and biofuels through microbial fermentation is an economical and sustainable alternative for traditional chemical synthesis. Here we present the construction of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae platform strain for high-level production of very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA)-derived chemicals. Through rewiring the native fatty acid elongation system and implementing a heterologous Mycobacteria FAS I system, we establish an increased biosynthesis of VLCFAs in S. cerevisiae. VLCFAs can be selectively modified towards the fatty alcohol docosanol (C22H46O) by expressing a specific fatty acid reductase. Expression of this enzyme is shown to impair cell growth due to consumption of VLCFA-CoAs. We therefore implement a dynamic control strategy for separating cell growth from docosanol production. We successfully establish high-level and selective docosanol production of 83.5 mg l−1 in yeast. This approach will provide a universal strategy towards the production of similar high value chemicals in a more scalable, stable and sustainable manner.
Neonicotinoid-induced pathogen susceptibility is mitigated by Lactobacillus plantarum immune stimulation in a Drosophila melanogaster model
Authors: Daisley Brendan A. , Trinder Mark , McDowell Tim W. , Welle Hylke , Dube Josh S. , Ali Sohrab N. , Leong Hon S. , Sumarah Mark W. , Reid Gregor
Published: May 2017

Pesticides are used extensively in food production to maximize crop yields. However, neonicotinoid insecticides exert unintentional toxicity to honey bees (Apis mellifera) that may partially be associated with massive population declines referred to as colony collapse disorder. We hypothesized that imidacloprid (common neonicotinoid; IMI) exposure would make Drosophila melanogaster (an insect model for the honey bee) more susceptible to bacterial pathogens, heat stress, and intestinal dysbiosis. Our results suggested that the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway is necessary for D. melanogaster survival in response to IMI toxicity. IMI exposure induced alterations in the host-microbiota as noted by increased indigenous Acetobacter and Lactobacillus spp. Furthermore, sub-lethal exposure to IMI resulted in decreased D. melanogaster survival when simultaneously exposed to bacterial infection and heat stress (37 °C). This coincided with exacerbated increases in TotA and Dpt (Imd downstream pro-survival and antimicrobial genes, respectively) expression compared to controls. Supplementation of IMI-exposed D. melanogaster with Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 mitigated survival deficits following Serratia marcescens (bacterial pathogen) septic infection. These findings support the insidious toxicity of neonicotinoid pesticides and potential for probiotic lactobacilli to reduce IMI-induced susceptibility to infection.
Coordination Between the Sexes Constrains the Optimization of Reproductive Timing in Honey Bee Colonies
Authors: Lemanski Natalie J. , Fefferman Nina H.
Published: May 2017

Honeybees are an excellent model system for examining how trade-offs shape reproductive timing in organisms with seasonal environments. Honeybee colonies reproduce two ways: producing swarms comprising a queen and thousands of workers or producing males (drones). There is an energetic trade-off between producing workers, which contribute to colony growth, and drones, which contribute only to reproduction. The timing of drone production therefore determines both the drones’ likelihood of mating and when colonies reach sufficient size to swarm. Using a linear programming model, we ask when a colony should produce drones and swarms to maximize reproductive success. We find the optimal behavior for each colony is to produce all drones prior to swarming, an impossible solution on a population scale because queens and drones would never co-occur. Reproductive timing is therefore not solely determined by energetic trade-offs but by the game theoretic problem of coordinating the production of reproductives among colonies.
Resveratrol Pretreatment Attenuates Concanavalin A-induced Hepatitis through Reverse of Aberration in the Immune Response and Regenerative Capacity in Aged Mice
Authors: Huang Tse-Hung , Chen Chin-Chang , Liu Hsuan-Miao , Lee Tzung-Yan , Shieh Sue-Heui
Published: May 2017

Loss of regenerative capacity plays a critical role in age-related autoimmune hepatitis. Evidence implicates SIRT1 and p66shc in cell senescence, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and proliferation. This study investigated the effect of resveratrol on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis in aged mice and the roles of SIRT1 and p66shc. Aged mice were administrated resveratrol (30 mg/kg orally) seven times at an interval of 12 h before a single intravenous injection of Con A (20 mg/kg). Results showed that the cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and MCP-1, as well as infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes in liver were dramatically enhanced in the mice given only Con A. The aged mouse livers showed markedly raised oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. This oxidative stress further aggravated regenerative dysfunction as indicated by the decreased levels of Ki67, PCNA, Cyclin D1, and Cdk2. Conversely, these phenomena were attenuated by pretreatment with resveratrol. Moreover, resveratrol suppressed the elevation of p66shc in the liver by reversing Con-A-mediated downregulation of SIRT1. The findings suggest that resveratrol protected against Con A-induced hepatitis in aged mice by attenuating an aberration of immune response and liver regeneration, partially via the mechanism of SIRT1-mediated repression of p66shc expression.
Ancestral protein resurrection and engineering opportunities of the mamba aminergic toxins
Authors: Blanchet Guillaume , Alili Doria , Protte Adèle , Upert Gregory , Gilles Nicolas , Tepshi Livia , Stura Enrico A. , Mourier Gilles , Servent Denis
Published: May 2017

Mamba venoms contain a multiplicity of three-finger fold aminergic toxins known to interact with various α-adrenergic, muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors with different pharmacological profiles. In order to generate novel functions on this structural scaffold and to avoid the daunting task of producing and screening an overwhelming number of variants generated by a classical protein engineering strategy, we accepted the challenge of resurrecting ancestral proteins, likely to have possessed functional properties. This innovative approach that exploits molecular evolution models to efficiently guide protein engineering, has allowed us to generate a small library of six ancestral toxin (AncTx) variants and associate their pharmacological profiles to key functional substitutions. Among these variants, we identified AncTx1 as the most α1A-adrenoceptor selective peptide known to date and AncTx5 as the most potent inhibitor of the three α2 adrenoceptor subtypes. Three positions in the ρ-Da1a evolutionary pathway, positions 28, 38 and 43 have been identified as key modulators of the affinities for the α1 and α2C adrenoceptor subtypes. Here, we present a first attempt at rational engineering of the aminergic toxins, revealing an epistasis phenomenon.
Pelvic Floor Reconstruction After Radical Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Different Surgical Techniques
Authors: Cui Jianfeng , Guo Hu , Li Yan , Chen Shouzhen , Zhu Yaofeng , Wang Shiyu , Wang Yong , Liu Xigao , Wang Wenbo , Han Jie , Chen Pengxiang , Nie Shuping , Yin Gang , Shi Benkang
Published: May 2017

Radical prostatectomy (RP) is the gold standard for the treatment of localized PCa. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of different techniques of pelvic floor reconstruction on urinary continence. A comprehensive search was made for trials that evaluated the efficacy of pelvic floor reconstruction. Relevant databases included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Ovid, Web of Science databases and relevant trials from the references. Random-effects model was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs) statistics. Pooled results of patients treated with posterior reconstruction (PR) demonstrated complete urinary continence improved at 1–4, 28–42, 90, 180 and 360 days following catheter removal. Anterior suspension (AS) was associated with improvement only at 28–42 days. The anterior reconstruction (AR) + PR was associated with urinary continence at 1–4, 90 and 180 days. AS + PR was not associated with any benefit. And PR improved social urinary continence at 7–14 and 28–42 days. No benefit was associated with AS. AR + PR had better outcomes at 90 and 180 days. AS + PR was significant improved at 28–42 and 90 days. Patients who underwent RP and PR had the least urinary incontinence. No significant benefit was observed after AS. AR + PR and AS + PR had little benefit in the post-operative period.
Erratum: Influenza C in Lancaster, UK, in the winter of 2014–2015
Authors: Atkinson Kate V. , Bishop Lisa A. , Rhodes Glenn , Salez Nicolas , McEwan Neil R. , Hegarty Matthew J. , Robey Julie , Harding Nicola , Wetherell Simon , Lauder Robert M. , Pickup Roger W. , Wilkinson Mark , Gatherer Derek
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 46578; published online: 13 April 2017; updated: 26 May 2017 The original version of this Article incorrectly included the following text in the Methods section: “Statistical analyses on volunteers and ELISAs, BAM files and reference genomes for genome assemblies, genome fragments too short for inclusion in GenBank, BEAST inputs and outputs, TempEst inputs and outputs and pipeline Perl scripts, are available from: doi://10.
Correction: Corrigendum: Influence of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Planetary Wave Resonance and Extreme Weather Events
Authors: Mann Michael E. , Rahmstorf Stefan , Kornhuber Kai , Steinman Byron A. , Miller Sonya K. , Coumou Dim
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 45242; published online: 27 March 2017; updated: 26 May 2017. This Article contains an error in Figure 1a, where the y-axis ‘Temperature (K)’ is incorrectly labelled as ‘Temperature (°C)’. The correct Figure 1 appears below.
Correction: Corrigendum: Lysine Acetylation and Succinylation in HeLa Cells and their Essential Roles in Response to UV-induced Stress
Authors: Xu Hong , Chen Xuanyi , Xu Xiaoli , Shi Rongyi , Suo Shasha , Cheng Kaiying , Zheng Zhiguo , Wang Meixia , Wang Liangyan , Zhao Ye , Tian Bing , Hua Yuejin
Published: May 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 30212; published online: 25 July 2016; updated: 26 May 2017. In the original version of this Article, Supplementary Datasets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were omitted. The correct Supplementary Datasets now accompany the Article.
A simple and practical method for determining iodine values of oils and fats by the FTIR spectrometer with an infrared quartz cuvette
Authors: An Zhen , Jiang Xiuming , Xiang Guoqiang , Fan Lu , He Lijun , Zhao Wenjie
Published: May 2017

A practical method for determining iodine values of oils and fats by a FTIR spectroscopy with a quartz cuvette.
Carbene stabilized interconnected bis-germylene and its silicon analogue with small methyl substituents
Authors: Kundu Subrata , Samuel Prinson P. , Luebben Anna , Andrada Diego M. , Frenking Gernot , Dittrich Birger , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: May 2017

An unique molecular example of interconnected bis-germylene with the smallest organic group stabilized by cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene.
A theoretical study on the palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbocyclization–alkoxycarbonylation of bisallenes to construct seven-membered carbocycles assisted by olefins
Authors: Han Lingli , Liu Tao
Published: May 2017

The origin of the regioselectivity to obtain the seven-membered carbocycle not the spiro-type one was rationalized.
Strong and resilient alumina nanotube and CNT/alumina hybrid foams with tuneable elastic properties
Authors: Stano Kelly L. , Faraji Shaghayegh , Yildiz Ozkan , Akyildiz Halil , Bradford Philip D. , Jur Jesse S.
Published: May 2017

Alumina foams from anisotropic structured carbon nanotube structures are studied for their unique mechanical and thermal performance characteristics.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil profiles (0–100 cm) from the industrial district of a large open-pit coal mine, China
Authors: Liu Xiaoyang , Bai Zhongke , Yu Qinfei , Cao Yingui , Zhou Wei
Published: May 2017

Mining and industrial activities are the primary sources of soil pollution in the open-pit coal mine.
The significance of a new parameter – plasma protein binding – in therapeutic drug monitoring and its application to carbamazepine in epileptic patients
Authors: Gao Jing-lin , Wang Xin-yu , An Jing , Du Chao-hui , Li Meng-jiao , Ma Hai-yan , Zhang Li-na , Bian Jing , Jiang Ye
Published: May 2017

The primary cause of the variability of Cf in pharmacology is the change in plasma protein binding (PPB), thus PPB monitoring should be applied to a better individualization of drug dosage regimens in clinical patients.
Boosted adsorption–photocatalytic activities and potential lithium intercalation applications of layered potassium hexaniobate nano-family
Authors: Deng Qinglin , Li Mengjiao , Wang Junyong , Zhang Peng , Jiang Kai , Zhang Jinzhong , Hu Zhigao , Chu Junhao
Published: May 2017

We demonstrated that the KN nano-family (including KN nanolaminas and nano hollow spheres) can be derived from the same Nb2O5-based hydrothermal reaction.
Direct synthesis and characterization of mixed-valent Li0.5−δCoPO4, a Li-deficient derivative of the Cmcm polymorph of LiCoPO4
Authors: Ludwig Jennifer , Alarcón-Suesca Carlos , Geprägs Stephan , Nordlund Dennis , Doeff Marca M. , Orench Inés Puente , Nilges Tom
Published: May 2017

Li0.5−δCoPO4, the first Li-deficient, mixed-valent Co(ii,iii) derivative of Cmcm-LiCoPO4, exhibits a complex, multi-step thermal decomposition mechanism.
Rigid NON-donor pincer ligand complexes of lutetium and lanthanum: synthesis and hydroamination catalysis
Authors: Motolko Kelly S. A. , Emslie David J. H. , Britten James F.
Published: May 2017

A rigid NON-donor pincer ligand was employed for the synthesis of neutral lutetium and anionic lanthanum alkyl complexes; the former is highly active for both intra- and inter-molecular hydroamination.
Establishing upper bounds on CO2 swing capacity in sub-ambient pressure swing adsorption via molecular simulation of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Park Jongwoo , Lively Ryan P. , Sholl David S.
Published: May 2017

Nanoporous materials are identified with CO2 swing capacities up to 40 mol kg−1 using a pressure swing from 0.1 bar to 2.0 bar at subambient conditions.
Spray pyrolysis of CuBi2O4 photocathodes: improved solution chemistry for highly homogeneous thin films
Authors: Wang Fuxian , Chemseddine Abdelkrim , Abdi Fatwa F. , van de Krol Roel , Berglund Sean P.
Published: May 2017

Dense, homogeneous CuBi2O4 thin films are prepared, for the first time, by spray pyrolysis.
Poly(l-lactide) melt spun fiber-aligned scaffolds coated with collagen or chitosan for guiding the directional migration of osteoblasts in vitro
Authors: Feng Jianyong , Zhang Deteng , Zhu Meifang , Gao Changyou
Published: May 2017

PLLA melt spun fiber-aligned scaffolds coated with collagen or chitosan enhance the viability, spreading, alignment and mobility of osteoblasts.
The mixed-state Hall conductivity of single-crystal films Nd2–xCexCuO4+δ (x = 0.14)
Authors: Shelushinina N. G. , Harus G. I. , Charikova T. B. , Petukhov D. S. , Petukhova O. E. , Ivanov A. A.
Published: May 2017

The magnetic-field dependencies of the longitudinal and Hall resistivity of the electron-doped compounds Nd2–xCexCuO4+δ in underdoped region (x = 0.14) were investigated. It was established experimentally a strong magnetic field dependence of the Hall conductivity, σxy(B) = C – b/B, in the region of magnetic fields corresponding to a transition from superconducting to resistive state. The observed feature can be explained with the sum of contributions of the quasiparticles and moving Abrikosov vortices into Hall effect in a mixed state of type-II superconductor.
Thermoelectric properties, Shubnikov–de Haas effect and mobility of charge carriers in bismuth antimony tellurides and selenides and nanocomposite based on these materials
Authors: Kulbachinskii V. A. , Kytin V. G. , Kudryashov A. A. , Lunin R. A. , Banerjee A.
Published: May 2017

We describe here the study of the Shubnikov–de Haas effect and thermoelectric properties of p-(Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te3 single crystals doped with Ga, n-Bi2–xTlxSe3 and p-Sb2–xTlxTe3. Using Fourier spectra of the oscillations we calculated the mobility of charge carriers and its variation upon doping. We found that Ga has a donor effect in p-(Bi0.5Sb0.5)2Te3, Tl is an acceptor in n-Bi2–xTlxSe3 and increases the mobility of electrons, while in p-Sb2–xTlxTe3, Tl is a donor and decreases the mobility of holes. We consider the evolution of the defectiveness of crystals that leads to the observed effects. We also synthesized and investigated nanocomposites of solid solutions Sb2Te3–xSex (0 < x < 1). When Se concentration increases in Sb2Te3–xSex, the concentration of holes decreases. At the same time the Seebeck coefficient decreases. This is not typical for semiconductors but correlates with the earlier data. A theoretical model was developed to calculate simultaneously the dependences of the Seebeck coefficient, Hall coefficient and conductivity on the selenium concentration x. Calculations showed that for a simultaneous quantitative description of the thermoelectric and galvanomagnetic data it is necessary to take into consideration both the evolution of the band structure of Sb2Te3–xSex and partial localization of holes.
Impact of zilpaterol hydrochloride and soybean-oil supplementation on intramuscular fat, fatty acid profile and cholesterol concentration in the longissimus muscle of male hair lamb under moderate heat-stress conditions
Authors: Dávila-Ramírez J. L. , Avendaño-Reyes L. , Peña-Ramos E. A. , Islava-Lagarda T. Y. , Macías-Cruz U. , Torrentera-Olivera N. G. , Rojo-Rubio R. , González-Ríos H.
Published: May 2017

Forty Dorper × Pelibuey crossbred male lambs (31.70 ± 2.30 kg, 4 months of age) were used to evaluate the effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; 0 or 10 mg/lamb daily) and soybean-oil (SBO, 0 or 60 g/kg DM) supplementation on intramuscular fat, fatty acid (FA) profiles and cholesterol concentration of their meat. After 34 days, the animals were slaughtered, and their longissimus thoracis muscle was collected. The climatic conditions were of moderate heat stress (average temperature 35.7°C) during the study. Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics were not affected (P > 0.05) by ZH and SBO supplementation. The ZH treatment decreased the intramuscular fat content (by 30.4%), the amount of monounsaturated FA (by 3.5%) and the monounsaturated FA : saturated FA ratio (by 4.9%) compared with the control group. Supplementation with SBO decreased cis FA, C18:1 n-9c and C20:4 n-6, whereas the trans FA and cholesterol concentration increased. ZH use caused a decrease in body fat and intramuscular fat concentration. However, it caused a decrease in total monounsaturated fatty acids, which are among the healthiest fats in terms of the nutritional value of meat. Generally, principal changes in the lipid composition of hair lamb meat under heat-stress conditions were caused by SBO supplementation; however, they would have a minimal negative impact on human health.
Beyond gender: interrogating women’s experiences in FTLRP in Zimbabwe
Authors: Bhatasara Sandra , Chiweshe Manase Kudzai
Published: May 2017

This article interrogates studies focusing on gender and Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) in Zimbabwe, highlighting the emerging patterns and missing linkages. We utilize theories of intersectionality and agency to argue for more robust empirical research on the varied experiences of women. An analysis of intersectionality of experiences and agency is necessary to understand how women were differentially positioned and, how this is ultimately linked to how they got access to and ownership of land. The article posits that whilst gender is important, there is need for further analysis of who got what, how and where under FTLRP. To that end, the article asks: How is gender construed in relation to women’s access to FTLRP (what is included and excluded)? Whilst women appear losers as portrayed in many studies, was it only gender that determined access? What about age, nationality, class, political affiliation and traditional roots among other aspects? How did the 18% quoted in several studies get land? What about married women in this debate? Where women just victims in the FTLRP? We argue that ultimately other factors like patronage may as well explain exclusion (and inclusion) of women but this is better understood within intersectionality theoretical premises. At the same time, we also posit that women were not merely victims but used versatile tactics and strategies to get land hence invoking the notion of agency.
karyoploteR: an R/Bioconductor package to plot customizable genomes displaying arbitrary data
Authors: Gel Bernat , Serra Eduard
Published: May 2017

Motivation

Data visualization is a crucial tool for data exploration, analysis and interpretation. For the visualization of genomic data there lacks a tool to create customizable non-circular plots of whole genomes from any species.

Results

We have developed karyoploteR, an R/Bioconductor package to create linear chromosomal representations of any genome with genomic annotations and experimental data plotted along them. Plot creation process is inspired in R base graphics, with a main function creating karyoplots with no data and multiple additional functions, including custom functions written by the end-user, adding data and other graphical elements. This approach allows the creation of highly customizable plots from arbitrary data with complete freedom on data positioning and representation.

Availability and implementation

karyoploteR is released under Artistic-2.0 License. Source code and documentation are freely available through Bioconductor (http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/karyoploteR) and at the examples and tutorial page at https://bernatgel.github.io/karyoploter_tutorial.
Magnetotelluric distortions directly observed with lightning data
Authors: Hennessy Lachlan , Macnae James
Published: May 2017

Galvanic distortions complicate magnetotelluric (MT) soundings. In this research, we use lightning network data to identify specific sferics in MT measurements and analyse these events on the basis of the lightning source location. Without source information, identification and removal of galvanic distortion is a fundamentally ill-posed problem, unless data are statistically decomposed into determinable and indeterminable parts. We use realistic assumptions of the earth-ionosphere waveguide propagation velocity to accurately predict the time of arrival, azimuth and amplitude for every significant sferic in our time-series data. For each sferic with large amplitude, we calculate the rotation of the electric field from the measured to the predicted arrival azimuth. This rotation of the electric field is a primary parameter of distortion. Our results demonstrate that a rudimentary model for near-surface galvanic distortion consistently fits observed electric field rotations. When local features rotate regional electric fields, then counter-rotating data to predicted arrival azimuths should correct the directional dependence of static shift. Although we used amplitude thresholds to simplify statistical processing, future developments should incorporate both signal-to-noise improvements and multisite decompositions. Lower amplitude signal may also be useful after the appropriate signal processing for noise reduction. We anticipate our approach will be useful for further work on MT distortion.
No AGN evidence in NGC 1614 from deep radio VLBI observations
Authors: Herrero-Illana Rubén , Alberdi Antxon , Pérez-Torres Miguel Ángel , Alonso-Herrero Almudena , González-Millán Daniel , Pereira-Santaella Miguel
Published: May 2017

We present deep dual-band 5.0- and 8.4-GHz European VLBI Network (EVN) observations of NGC 1614, a local luminous infrared galaxy with a powerful circumnuclear starburst ring, and whose nuclear engine origin is still controversial. We aim at detecting and characterizing compact radio structures both in the nuclear region and in the circumnuclear ring. We do not find any compact source in the central 200 pc region, setting a very tight 5σ upper limit of 3.7 × 1036 and 5.8 × 1036 erg s−1, at 5.0 and 8.4 GHz, respectively. However, we report a clear detection at both frequencies of a compact structure in the circumnuclear ring, 190 pc to the north of the nucleus, whose luminosity and spectral index are compatible with a core-collapse supernova, giving support to the high star formation rate in the ring. Our result favours the pure starburst scenario, even for the nucleus of NGC 1614, and shows the importance of radio VLBI (very long baseline interferometry) observations when dealing with the obscured environments of dusty galaxies.
Strategies for and Outcome of Repeat Revascularization Surgery for Moyamoya Disease: An American Institutional Series
Authors: Teo Mario , Johnson Jeremiah , Steinberg Gary K
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

Revascularization for moyamoya disease (MMD) effectively prevents future ischemic events. However, small subsets of patients with persistent or new symptoms due to inadequate collateralization require repeat revascularizations.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the clinical and radiological outcome of repeat revascularization in MMD patients with previous indirect or direct bypasses.

METHODS

Single institution, retrospective analysis of a prospective MMD database.

RESULTS

From 1991 to 2014, this institution performed 1244 revascularization bypasses (1107 direct, 137 indirect) in 765 patients, of whom 57 were repeat revascularizations (38 indirect, 19 direct bypass). When initially performed at the institution, the repeat revascularization rate was 4% for indirect and 1% for direct bypasses (P = .03). Cohorts with previous indirect vs direct bypass were slightly younger (mean age 23 vs 30 yr), with fewer females (61% vs 84%, P = .08), and a similar mean duration between initial bypass and repeat revascularization (49 vs 47 mo). Both groups had similar repeat revascularization due to transient ischemic attacks (66% vs 63%). One acute graft occlusion in the previous direct bypass group was revised within 1 wk postoperatively. Over 50% of the repeat revascularizations in both groups were direct bypasses; the major difference being that the repeat bypass in the direct group was to augment another vascular territory. At nearly 5 yr mean follow-up, over 80% of patients in both groups are well, free from stroke/transient ischemic attack symptoms, with excellent radiological results.

CONCLUSION

Repeat revascularization can safely and effectively prevent future ischemic events. Indirect bypass has a higher rate of repeat revascularization than direct bypass.
Can Hepatitis C Virus Antigen Testing Replace Ribonucleic Acid Polymearse Chain Reaction Analysis for Detecting Hepatitis C Virus? A Systematic Review
Authors: Khan Harun , Hill Andrew , Main Janice , Brown Ashley , Cooke Graham
Published: May 2017

The complexity and cost of current diagnostics for hepatitis C virus (HCV) may act as a prevention to the scale-up of treatment in the developing world. Currently, ribonucleic acid (RNA)-polymerase chain reaction tests are the gold standard. However, there is potential for the use of simpler and cheaper antigen tests to confirm HCV infection in different clinical settings. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of antigen assays. This was compared with the reference-standard RNA assays. A subanalysis also assessed Architect core antigen test, which is the only commercially available antigen test on the market. In 24 datasets, evaluating HCV-antigen assays in 8136 samples, the percentage of HCV-antigen positive, HCV-RNA negative was 0.57%. The percentage HCV-antigen negative, HCV-RNA positive was 3.52%. There is strong evidence that antigen detection performs as well as RNA-based assays for HCV management. The use of antigen tests could improve access to HCV care in underresourced healthcare settings.
Reported populations of Meloidogyne ethiopica in Europe identified as Meloidogyne luci
Authors: Gerič Stare Barbara , Strajnar Polona , Susič Nik , Urek Gregor , Širca Saša
Published: May 2017

The tropical group of root-knot nematodes (RKN) including Meloidogyne ethiopica and M. luci is a highly polyphagus and damaging group of agricultural pests. M. ethiopica has been detected in several European countries (Slovenia, Italy, Greece) and also in Turkey. However, a description of a new sister species M. luci calls for reclassification of all European and Turkish M. ethiopica populations reported up to date as M. luci. Accurate identification can be accomplished through analysis of the esterase isozyme pattern, which is the most distinguishing character between the two otherwise very similar species. Both species display a three banded esterase pattern where the upper band is slightly shifted between the two species. In addition, molecular characterization of M. ethiopica and M. luci populations revealed that the ITS, SSU, and LSU of the rDNA regions are not appropriate markers for studying relationships among the tropical group of RKNs. However, the COII/lRNA region on mtDNA proved to be very useful for analyzing the phylogenetic relationship of these very closely related species/populations. Mitochondrial sequences with low levels of heteroplasmy allowed clustering of all M. luci populations in a monophyletic clade with a clear separation of this recently described species from M. ethiopica. At the same time, a very close relationship between M. ethiopica and M. luci was confirmed again.
Vascularized Fibula-Based Physis Transfer: A Follow-Up Study of Longitudinal Bone Growth and Complications
Authors: Shammas Ronnie L. , Avashia Yash J. , Farjat Alfredo E. , Catanzano Anthony A. , Levin L. Scott , Eward William C. , Brigman Brian E. , Erdmann Detlev
Published: May 2017

Background:

The vascularized free fibula epiphyseal transfer provides an option for the preservation of limb lengthening after resection of the proximal humerus in pediatric sarcoma patients. The purpose of this study was to provide a long-term follow-up of longitudinal growth patterns and outcomes after free fibula epiphyseal transfer in upper extremity reconstruction.

Methods:

A retrospective review of 4 patients who underwent free fibula epiphyseal transfer after oncologic resection of the proximal humerus for osteosarcoma was performed. Oncologic details that could affect outcomes were included in the review: primary tumor pathology, location of malignancy, and presence of recurrence. Details on the reconstruction included longitudinal growth of the flap from the time of implantation to the most recently available radiograph and postoperative complications. The length of the fibula over time was measured from the humeral head to the olecranon process.

Results:

All patients were alive at the start of this study. The average longitudinal growth rate of the free fibula epiphyseal transfer was 0.54 ± 0.18 cm/y, and patients demonstrated satisfactory and consistent longitudinal bone growth and hypertrophy over time. All 4 patients suffered from a complication of postoperative fibula graft fracture, and 1 of 4 patients experienced unremitting peroneal nerve damage. All patients demonstrated normal wrist and hand motion with a normal arc of elbow flexion and extension.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that the vascularized fibula epiphyseal transfer offers the ability to preserve longitudinal limb growth and hypertrophy throughout adolescence.
Ethical Issues in Early Intervention
Authors: Able Harriet , West Tracey A. , Lim Chih Ing
Published: May 2017

Ethical considerations are integral to our professional lives when we are faced with difficult choices regarding services and supports for children and families. Often, the right choice in service delivery for young children with disabilities ages birth to 5 years is unclear due to a myriad of factors potentially creating ethical dilemmas. This article reports the results of a focus group study with 82 early intervention (EI) professionals serving young children ages birth to 5 years designed to determine EI practitioners' ethical concerns in daily practice and how they are resolved. Professionals shared dilemmas they have experienced related to family–professional and interprofessional conflicts as well as those related to policy and programmatic issues. In addition, resolution strategies used by EI practitioners are highlighted. Guidelines for systematic ethical reflection and problem solving are recommended on the basis of professional Codes of Ethics.
A Clinical Feasibility Trial for Identification of Exceptional Responders in Whom Breast Cancer Surgery Can Be Eliminated Following Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy
Authors: Kuerer Henry M. , Rauch Gaiane M. , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Adrada Beatriz E. , Caudle Abigail S. , DeSnyder Sarah M. , Black Dalliah M. , Santiago Lumarie , Hobbs Brian P. , Lucci Anthony , Gilcrease Michael , Hwang Rosa F. , Candelaria Rosalind P. , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana , Smith Benjamin D. , Arribas Elsa , Moseley Tanya , Teshome Mediget , Miggins Makesha V. , Valero Vicente , Hunt Kelly K. , Yang Wei T.
Published: May 2017

Objective:

To determine the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and vacuum-assisted core biopsy (VACB) in assessing the presence of residual cancer in the breast after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST).

Summary Background Data:

Pathologic complete response (pCR) rates after NST have improved dramatically, suggesting that surgery might be avoided in some patients. Safe avoidance of surgery would require accurate confirmation of no residual invasive/in situ carcinoma.

Methods:

Forty patients with T1-3N0-3 triple-negative or HER2-positive cancer receiving NST were enrolled in this single-center prospective trial. Patients underwent ultrasound-guided or mammography-guided FNA and VACB of the initial breast tumor region before surgery. Findings were compared with findings on pathologic evaluation of surgical specimens to determine the performance of biopsy in predicting residual breast disease after NST.

Results:

Median initial clinical tumor size was 3.3 cm (range, 1.2–7.0 cm); 16 patients (40%) had biopsy-proven nodal metastases. After NST, median clinical tumor size was 1.1 cm (range, 0–4.2 cm). Nineteen patients (47.5%) had a breast pCR and were concordant with pathologic nodal status in 97.5%. Combined FNA/VACB demonstrated an accuracy of 98% (95% CI, 87%–100%), false-negative rate of 5% (95% CI, 0%–24%), and negative predictive value of 95% (95% CI, 75%–100%) in predicting residual breast cancer. VACB alone was more accurate than FNA alone (P = 0.011).

Conclusions:

After NST, image-guided FNA/VACB can accurately identify patients with a breast pCR. Based on these results, a prospective clinical trial has commenced in which breast surgery is omitted in patients with a breast pCR after NST according to image-guided biopsy.
Super-resolution microscopy reveals that disruption of ciliary transition zone architecture is a cause of Joubert syndrome
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Garcia Galo , Van De Weghe Julie C. , McGorty Ryan , Pazour Gregory J. , Doherty Dan , Huang Bo , Reiter Jeremy F.
Published: May 2017

Diverse human ciliopathies, including nephronophthisis (NPHP), Meckel syndrome (MKS) and Joubert syndrome (JBTS), can be caused by mutations affecting components of the transition zone, a ciliary domain near its base. The transition zone controls the protein composition of the ciliary membrane, but how it does so is unclear. To better understand the transition zone and its connection to ciliopathies, we defined the arrangement of key proteins in the transition zone using two-color stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). This mapping revealed that NPHP and MKS complex components form nested rings comprised of nine-fold doublets. The NPHP complex component RPGRIP1L forms a smaller diameter transition zone ring within the MKS complex rings. JBTS-associated mutations inRPGRIP1Ldisrupt the architecture of the MKS and NPHP rings, revealing that vertebrate RPGRIP1L has a key role in organizing transition zone architecture. JBTS-associated mutations inTCTN2, encoding an MKS complex component, also displace proteins of the MKS and NPHP complexes from the transition zone, revealing that RPGRIP1L and TCTN2 have interdependent roles in organizing transition zone architecture. To understand how altered transition zone architecture affects developmental signaling, we examined the localization of the Hedgehog pathway component SMO in human fibroblasts derived from JBTS-affected individuals. We found that diverse ciliary proteins, including SMO, accumulate at the transition zone in wild type cells, suggesting that the transition zone is a way station for proteins entering and exiting the cilium. JBTS-associated mutations inRPGRIP1Ldisrupt SMO accumulation at the transition zone and the ciliary localization of SMO. We propose that the disruption of transition zone architecture in JBTS leads to a failure of SMO to accumulate at the transition zone, disrupting developmental signaling in JBTS.
Root interactions and plant growth in a tomato/potato onion intercropping system under different phosphorus levels
Authors: Yu Hongjie , Chen Shaocan , Zhou Xingang , Wu Fengzhi
Published: May 2017

Intercropping systems have been implemented in many parts of the world due to their beneficial effects on yield and biomass. In intercropping systems, changes in plant growth are usually related to variations in root distribution and phosphorus (P) levels, however, root distributions and root tendencies are difficult to study, as root systems grow beneath the soil surface. Therefore, we have a relatively poor understanding of the relationship between plant root interactions and plant growth in intercropping systems. In this study, a custom apparatus consisting of a transparent manual root box was used to observe intact root systems in situ. We investigated how root distribution and root tendency changed in a tomato/potato onion intercropping system under two P treatments, and how tomato plant growth was influenced. The results showed that the shoot and total biomass for the tomato plants were increased by intercropping with potato onion plants under both tested P levels, the root distribution of intercropped tomato plants was deeper than that of monocultured plants, and the tomato roots tended to grow away from the potato onion roots. Our research reveals that a deeper and more evasive root distribution is more conductive to the plant growth of the intercropped tomato.

SUMMARY STATEMENT

Our study can help more people clearly know the relationship between the root interactions and plant growth in mixed cultures.
Olfactory receptors are required for social behavior and neural plasticity in ants, as evidenced by CRISPR-mediated gene knockout
Authors: Yan Hua , Opachaloemphan Comzit , Mancini Giacomo , Yang Huan , Gallitto Matthew , Mlejnek Jakub , Haight Kevin , Ghaninia Majid , Huo Lucy , Leibholz Alexandra , Slone Jesse , Zhou Xiaofan , Traficante Maria , Penick Clint A. , Dolezal Kelly , Gokhale Kaustubh , Stevens Kelsey , Fetter-Pruneda Ingrid , Bonasio Roberto , Zwiebel Laurence J. , Berger Shelley , Liebig Jüergen , Reinberg Danny , Desplan Claude
Published: May 2017

The chemosensory system is key to establishing and maintaining social structure in eusocial insects. Ants exhibit cooperative colonial behaviors reflective of an advanced form of sociality with an extensive dependency on communication. Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) serve as pheromones and cues that regulate multiple aspects of social interactions and behaviors in ants. The perception of CHCs entails odorant receptor neurons (ORNs) that express specific odorant receptors (ORs) encoded by a dramatically expandedOrgene family in ants. Until recently, studies of the biological functions of ORs in eusocial insects were stymied by the lack of genetic tools. In most eusocial insect species, only one or a few queens in a colony can transmit the genetic information to their progeny. In contrast, any worker in the antHarpegnathos saltatorcan be converted into a gamergate (pseudo-queen), and used as a foundress to engender an entire new colony and be crossed for genetic experiments. This feature facilitated CRISPR-Cas9 gene targeting to generate a germline mutation in theorcogene that encodes the obligate co-receptor whose mutation should significantly impact ant olfaction. Our results show that Orco exhibits a conserved role in the perception of general odorants but also a role in reproductive physiology and social behavior plasticity in ants. Surprisingly, and in contrast to other insect systems, the loss of OR functionality also dramatically reduces the development of the ant antennal lobe where ORNs project. Taken together, these findings open the possibility of studying the genetics of eusociality and provide inroads towards understanding the function of the expanded ORs family in eusocial insects in regulating caste determination, social communication and neuronal plasticity.
Connecting Brain Responsivity and Real-World Risk taking: Strengths and Limitations of Current Methodological Approaches
Authors: Sherman Lauren , Steinberg Laurence , Chein Jason
Published: May 2017

In line with the goal of limiting health risk behaviors in adolescence, a growing literature investigates whether individual differences in functional brain responses can be related to vulnerability to engage in risky decision-making. We review this body of work, investigate when and in what way findings converge, and provide best practice recommendations. We identified 23 studies that examined individual differences in brain responsivity and adolescent risk taking. Findings varied widely in terms of the neural regions identified as relating to risky behavior. This heterogeneity is likely due to the abundance of approaches used to assess risk taking, and to the disparity of fMRI tasks. Indeed, brain-behavior correlations were typically found in regions showing a main effect of task. However, results from a test of publication bias suggested that region of interest approaches lacked evidential value. The findings suggest that neural factors differentiating riskier teens are not localized to a single region. Therefore, approaches that utilize data from the entire brain, particularly in predictive analyses, may yield more reliable and applicable results. We discuss several decision points that researchers should consider when designing a study, and emphasize the importance of precise research questions that move beyond a general desire to address adolescent risk taking.
A novel post hoc method for detecting index switching finds no evidence for increased switching on the Illumina HiSeq X
Authors: Owens Gregory L. , Todesco Marco , Drummond Emily B. M. , Yeaman Sam , Rieseberg Loren H.
Published: May 2017

High throughput sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq platform is a pervasive and critical molecular ecology resource, and has provided the data underlying many recent advances. A recent study has suggested that ‘index switching’, where reads are misattributed to the wrong sample, may be higher in new versions of the HiSeq platform. This has the potential to invalidate both published and in-progress work across the field. Here, we test for evidence of index switching in an exemplar whole genome shotgun dataset sequenced on both the Illumina HiSeq 2500, which should not have the problem, and the Illumina HiSeq X, which may. We leverage unbalanced heterozygotes, which may be produced by index switching, and ask whether the under-sequenced allele is more likely to be found in other samples in the same lane than expected based on the allele frequency. Although we validate the sensitivity of this method using simulations, we find that neither the HiSeq 2500 nor the HiSeq X have evidence of index switching. This suggests that, thankfully, index switching may not be a ubiquitous problem in HiSeq X sequence data. Lastly, we provide scripts for applying our method so that index switching can be tested for in other datasets.
A critical evaluation of the “short stay project” – service users’ perspectives
Authors: Brown Helen , Howlett Fiona
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate an innovative collaboration between health, housing and social care by exploring the “short stay project” apartments from service users’ perspectives and considering the effectiveness of this service model as part of enabling provision locally.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative methodology for this evaluation was interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith, 2011), critically exploring service users’ personal lived experience of the “short stay project”. Three service users (n=3) participated in semi-structured interviews.

Findings

This study has identified the “short stay project” can prevent admission into and facilitate discharge from care and health services by offering a temporary stay in self-contained, adapted accommodation. Service users found value in staying at the apartments for differing reasons. However, practitioners must address service users’ emotional and social needs as well as physical needs to reduce the risk of occupational deprivation.

Research limitations/implications

Sample size is not fully representative of the total population making transferability limited.

Practical implications

This research found there is demand for temporary housing provision for service users with health, housing and/or social care needs.

Social implications

Key drivers of demand for the service are social inequalities relating to homelessness, poverty and gender-based violence rather than the health-related issues that could have been expected. Further research into the development of effective integrated services which maximise service users’ wellbeing and occupational performance is recommended.

Originality/value

Service models which integrate health, housing and social care can be innovative and maintain service users’ independence and wellbeing in the community. Commissioners across health, housing and social care could utilise the Better Care Fund to deliver integrated services to meet rising demands.