bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The (Confused and Mistaken) Categories of the Dominated
Authors: Auyero Javier , Swistun Débora Alejandra
Published: November 2023

Flammable can be quite deceptive to an outsider. If a stranger ventures into the neighborhood and starts talking to residents, they will immediately bring up toxic contamination as a topic. “There are kids here with six fingers,” “Everybody here has cancer,” and similar one-line expressions abound when the interlocutor is an outsider. In Flammable, people are quite used to strangers, mainly in the form of media reporters. Almost every other neighbor has talked to a journalist from one of the main TV channels or newspapers—some of them more than once. State officials, lawyers, and—less often—activists also pay frequent visits to the neighborhood and activate what amounts to a discursive repertoire. Flammable is known to outsiders as this contaminated place, residents seem to think, so let’s give them what they are after: pollution talk. The discursive repertoire that the outsider encounters is a uniformed, coherent one: this is a contaminated place, contamination is bad for our health, authorities (or “my lawyer,” in some cases) should (or will) do something about it. Things look quite different (neither homogenous nor definite) when neighbors talk among themselves in the course of everyday life. Although residents talk about their surroundings in many different ways, there are some recognizable themes in the stories they tell. In what follows, we scrutinize these stories because they provide us a window into neighbors’ experiences of contamination and into their subjective, but not individual, categories of perception and evaluation regarding the sources, extent, and effects of industrial pollution.
Function Interpolation and Differentiation
Authors: Pozrikidis C
Published: November 2023

In the first case we perform function interpolation, and in the second and third cases we perform function extrapolation. Problems of this kind and their generalization to higher dimensions involving functions of two, three, or a higher number of variables arise routinely in various applications. For example, the data may represent the entries of a thermodynamics table published in a handbook. In that case, the independent variable, x, can be the temperature, and the dependent variable, y = f (x), can be the specific entropy of a chemical compound at a certain pressure.
Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Pozrikidis C
Published: November 2023

Differential equations emerge from the mathematical modeling of a broad range of natural and engineering processes by way of conservation principles and empirical laws. In some cases, differential equations provide us with expressions for the time rate of change of a function of interest representing a physical variable. In other cases, differential equations provide us with balances between competing or complementary trends. Ordinary differential equations can be solved efficiently and accurately by a variety methods discussed in this chapter and in chapter 10.
Discretization Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Pozrikidis C
Published: November 2023

In chapter 9, we discussed the solution of boundary-value problems by the shooting method. Linear boundary-value and eigenvalue problems, and to a lesser extent nonlinear problems, can be solved efficiently and accurately by domain discretization and functional expansion methods based on a variety of formulations. The numerical methods are applied directly to the primary differential equations of second or higher order, bypassing conversion into an equivalent system of first-order equations with split boundary conditions.
Finite-Difference Methods for Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Pozrikidis C
Published: November 2023

The finite-difference method provides us with a powerful tool for solving a broad range of partial differential equations encountered in mathematical physics and engineering. A preliminary exposition was given in chapters 3, 5, and 10 in the context of ordinary differential equations. In this chap-ter, the formulation and implementation of the method is discussed for partial differential equations. Rather than developing and analyzing the algorithms in their general and abstract form, we prefer to illustrate their application with reference to the pervasive convection–diffiusion–reaction equation.
Civilization and Ethics
Authors: Cicovacki Predrag
Published: November 2023

While still a student I was surprised to find the history of thought always written merely as a history of philosophical systems, never as the history of man’s effort to arrive at a conception of the universe.
Gandhi and the Force of Nonviolence
Authors: Cicovacki Predrag
Published: November 2023

Born at Porbandar in 1869, Gandhi is a member of the Vaisya caste, the caste of merchants and agriculturists. After attending Indian schools up to his eighteenth year, he came to London to study Law. In 1893 an Indian firm sent him to South Africa to settle a lawsuit, and there he became acquainted with the conditions under which the Indian immigrants were living. He settled in the country as a lawyer and, up to 1914, was the leader of his countrymen in their struggles for their rights. As his method of warfare he chose passive resistance, and it proved successful. In the Boer War (1899), he joined up with other Indians as a volunteer in the Ambulance Service. When the Great War broke out, he was in London and took part in the formation of an ambulance column of Indian volunteers. But at the end of the year 1914, he was obliged to return to India on account of his health, and there he began to study the economic and political problems of his home country. The cause he made his own was the liberation of the Indian laborers who had emigrated to the colonies from the regulation, which had the force of law, that they must be bound by a five years’ contract. He fought also for the abolition of abuses on the indigo plantations in Northern India. He became the representative of the rights of the operatives in spinning factories in Ahmedabad, who were at variance with their masters, and of the peasants of the Khaira district, who had got into debt through the failure of their harvest, when they were in conflict with the taxation authorities. By threatening or organizing passive resistance, he always succeeded in gaining recognition for the demands he represented.
How Do I Know I Have Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Authors: Phillips Katharine A
Published: November 2023

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) isn’t rare. In fact, Table 3–1 on the next page indicates that it’s fairly common. Studies from several countries, including the United States, have found that nearly 1% to 2.4% of adults in the general population have BDD. This makes BDD about as common as, or even more common than, many other serious mental disorders, such as bipolar disorder, panic disorder, and schizophrenia. Studies of students have found even higher rates. Overall, these studies indicate that millions of people in the
Painful Obsessions
Authors: Phillips Katharine A
Published: November 2023

I’m obsessed about my appearance,” a 50-year-old secretary told me. “I think about it all the time. It’s like a clock ticking. It’s always there, taunting and haunting me.”
Gender and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Across the Life Span
Authors: Phillips Katharine A
Published: November 2023

It’s often assumed that body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is much more common in women than in men. Aren’t women more focused on their looks? And doesn’t society place a particularly high premium on attractiveness in women? However, while several BDD studies contained more women than men, some studies had more men. In the two largest epidemiologic surveys of BDD, the disorder was present in 2.5% of women and 2.2% of men (a U.S.
Getting Help for Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Authors: Phillips Katharine A
Published: November 2023

It’s important to get treatment from a licensed health care professional who is knowledgeable about BDD and can provide the treatments recommended in this book. There are a variety of licensed professionals who may have training and experience in treating BDD.
Stress Symptomatology and the General Adaptation Syndrome
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R
Published: November 2023

Stress is any stimulus, internal state, situation, or event, with an observable individual reaction, usually in the form of positively or negatively adapting to a new or different situation in one’s environment. The concept generally refers to the nature of an experience, resulting from persons interacting in the context of their environment, either through physiological overarousal or underarousal, with an outcome of psychological or physiological distress (bad stress outcome) or eustress (good stress outcome). Stressors range from minor to major, and can be positive or negative events. Generally stressors are life events, such as daily annoyances, pressures at home or on the job, marital discord and conflicts, emergencies, motor vehicle accidents, illness, and injury. Positive stressful life events and transitions include birth of a newborn, graduation ceremony, a family vacation, or a job promotion (Kaplan & Sadock, 1998).
Dos and Don’ts for Crisis Hotline Workers
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R
Published: November 2023

It is nearly impossible to comprehend the vast array of emotional responses experienced during a crisis situation. Many individuals experience difficulty putting the experience into words. Crisis hotlines provide support 24 hrs per day, 7 days per week. Police or an information operator can give a person in crisis the name of a local hotline or community crisis center. In total, information and referral services throughout the United States exceeds 30,000 (Levinson, 2003).
Crisis Intervention With Battered Women
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R
Published: November 2023

Every 9 seconds, somewhere in the United States, a woman is assaulted or abused by an intimate partner. The number one cause of women’s injuries is abuse at home (Roberts & Roberts, 2005, p. 4). Woman battering/intimate partner violence has a lifetime prevalence estimate of 25% of American couples. As a result, it is viewed as a pervasive and serious, criminal justice and public health problem in American society today (Roberts, 2002).
Signs and Symptoms of Clinician Stress and Burnout
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R
Published: November 2023

Many professionals from a variety of fields have studied the effects of stress from natural disasters on survivor’s psychological and physical health since the 1940s. Researchers have recognized that some disaster relief workers who have been exposed to various natural disasters could develop psychological injuries, such as major depression, chronic anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, as research on the psychosocial effects of disasters progressed, factors affecting the psychological injury rate became better known. One of the main determinants is the individual’s experience during the disaster: Crisis intervenors and disaster relief workers are not immune to stress reactions and stress responses. Each individual will respond differently to different situations depending on the severity of the crisis, the meaning the crisis represents to the intervenor, family, friends, or organizations. Yet, there are certain signs and symptoms that are associated with a maladaptive stress response.
Introduction
Authors: Epstein Susan J
Published: November 2023

The advancement in treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS), the chronic progressive neurological disease with symptoms that can wax and wane affecting each person differently, allows many to lead close to “normal” lives, yet ask a patient directly and they will say a “new normal.” They are looking for ways to become healthier, eat better, and exercise more, despite disease. The “new” in normal means they must find a balance in managing the disease while maintaining the quality of the life they had planned before diagnosis.
Calculating Food Calories Using the Life Sliding Scale System
Authors: Epstein Susan J
Published: November 2023

Learning to record numbers and use them effectively may be unfamiliar but the end result will be accuracy of information and prediction of outcome. Learning the “math” of calorie balancing may take some time, but eventually the knowledge will bring power and a greater sense of control. This chapter is designed to teach you a simplifled method of tracking the calories you consume on a daily basis. This can take the mystery out of weight management and raise your comfort level.

Memorizing the math of calories is relatively easy, considering that you will track calories as you eat (which most of us do at least three times a day), forcing you to practice using the calorie charts presented in this chapter. Remember, you will not have to track calories indefinitely.
Calculating Physical Activity Calories Using the Life Sliding Scale System
Authors: Epstein Susan J
Published: November 2023

Physical activity has long been associated with a healthy lifestyle. In 1995, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published national guidelines on physical activity, stating that people should strive for 2000 calories of physical activity each week which is roughly walking three miles a day. Their recommendations became the gold standard for the next decade; however, physical inactivity and its associated maladies remained a significant public health issue. The original statement recommended people should engage in 30 minutes or more of moderateintensity physical activity on most days of the week. The message was not clear and ignored by many. Some people still believed that only highintensity, vigorous activity would improve health, while others believed that the light activities of their daily lives were sufficient to promote health. In addition other populations like the elderly and disabled were left out completely.
Doing Science
Authors: Valiela Ivan
Published: November 2023

Doing Science, second edition, offers a rare compendium of practical advice based on how working scientists pursue their craft. It covers each stage of research, from formulating questions and gathering data to developing experiments and analyzing results and finally to the many ways for presenting results. Drawing on his extensive experience both as a researcher and a research mentor, Ivan Valiela has written a lively and concise survey of everything a beginning scientist needs to know to succeed in the field. He includes chapters on scientific data, statistical methods, and experimental designs, and much of the book is devoted to presenting final results. Now in its second edition, Doing Science has been completely updated and expanded to include a brand-new chapter on doing science in society, as well as increased coverage of the ethics of avoiding conflict of interest. Anyone beginning a scientific career, or who advises students in research will find Doing Science, second edition, an invaluable source of advice.
Obtaining Scientific Information
Authors: Valiela Ivan
Published: November 2023

We make scientific progress in unpredictable and multifaceted ways. The first impetus is the contribution by individuals of genius and talent. An observation, previous information, accumulated experience, or older theories could spark a new explanation or hypothesis. For Newton, it was the apocryphal falling apple. Galileo is said to have been inspired to develop the laws of mechanical motion after observing an incense filled censer swinging in the Cathedral at Pisa.1 Distracted from the Mass being celebrated, Galileo used his pulse to time the oscillations and found that, regardless of the amplitude of the swing, the period was the same. He then experimentally confirmed the observation and developed equations that mirrored the laws governing the motion. Galileo’s process included three steps. First, he asked the feasible question of how fast objects moved, rather than trying the then-unfeasible task of explaining why they moved. Second, Galileo made connections between the detailed, specific observations he made and general laws that could account for the way objects moved. Third, Galileo insisted on synthesizing the newly gained knowledge by devising a mathematical expression for the laws.
Statistical Analyses
Authors: Valiela Ivan
Published: November 2023

Some studies produce unambiguous results, in which case we do not need statistics. In most cases, however, we need some objective way to evaluate differences in our results. To provide a way to evaluate results with some degree of objectivity, we can use diverse statistical techniques, the subject of this chapter. As mentioned in chapter 2, the core statistical notion (provided by Sir Ronald A. Fisher) was that of seeing whether the effects of some variable of interest are likely to be larger than the effects of chance variation.1 Statisticians have devised many procedures to do such comparisons and to establish relationships among variables.
Principles of Research Design
Authors: Valiela Ivan
Published: November 2023

We discussed in chapter 1 how a fundamental step in scientific inquiry is to ask, exactly, “What is the question?” Explicit formulation of the question is essential, because it determines what we do in the design of the study that is supposed to answer it. This might appear trivial, but much experience with student-designed studies shows that insufficient critical thought is given to (1) stating the question exactly and (2) designing the work explicitly to answer the question.
“Balkans” as Self-designation
Authors: Todorova Maria
Published: November 2023

Given the inglorious coverage the Balkans have had in the West, what is the experience of being called Balkan? How do the ones defined as belonging geo- graphically or historically to the Balkans deal with the name? Do they consider them- selves Balkan and what is meant by this? Several qualifications are in order. This is not a historical survey of the process of creating self-identities and self-designation. Rather, it aims at conveying an idea of present images and emotions as they are articulated in the region. As such, it has some of the advantages and all the drawbacks of an impressionistic painting.
The Discovery of the Balkans
Authors: Todorova Maria
Published: November 2023

The Balkans per se, that is, as a distinct geographic, social, and cultural entity, were “discovered” by European travelers only from the late eighteenth century on, with the beginning of an awareness that the European possessions of the Ottoman Empire had a distinct physiognomy of their own that merited separate attention apart from their treatment as mere provinces of the Ottomans or simply as archeological sites. Until then, the Ottoman Empire was treated as a unity in Europe and Asia.
Between Classification and Politics: The Balkans and the Myth of Central Europe
Authors: Todorova Maria
Published: November 2023

In the geographical and political classifications after World War II, a portion of the Balkans had secured an unobtrusive place as part of a common Eastern Europe perceived as a homogeneous appendix of the USSR by the West; another portion had been willingly included into Western Europe, something inconceivable but for the prevailing anticommunist paranoia. In the Balkans themselves, the feeling of Balkan commonality was pushed aside, and the self-designation followed an East- West axis.
Chapter 1
Authors: Chatterji Bankimchandra
Published: November 2023

“the leaseholder”: ijārādār. (from the Persian word, izārā, meaning “lease”). Hara- ballabh didn’t pay his dues directly to the government. His estates were leased to him by Debisingh, who allegedly extorted a large proportion of the revenue they yielded, only to pay a proportion of this himself to his political masters. This was often the practice at the time. Burke referred to this practice in his speech of February 18th, 1788 (see endnotes under ch.8, Part I). Mr. Kumud Ranjan Biswas, a retired Indian Administrative Service officer who is an expert on the history of land tenure, writes (private communication, 12.07.2007): “[In Bengal, toward the end of the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb’s reign in the early 1700s] land was settled with different kinds of people. Some chieftains held it directly under the central authority, calling themselves Rajas, and others held it on izara (a Persian word meaning lease) from the provincial governor. These izaradars often sub-leased parts of their holdings to people who came to be known as talukdars and by various other names. Debi Chaudhurani’s father-in-law, Haraballabh, must have been one such talukdar under one of the most infamous and oppressive izaradars, Debi Singh. There were disputes among these people over the extent of their geographical jurisdictions, each one trying to encroach upon the others’ holdings. This was because their boundaries were not precisely demarcated. Moreover, the izaradars and talukdars had their own private armies called paiks and barkandazes. Taking advantage of the lawlessness of the time, these landholders, both superior and subordinate, committed widespread depredations. [At that time] the Permanent Settlement of 1793 was yet to be introduced [by the British]. So the izaradars, zamindars [Bengali: jamidar] and talukdars were not the zamindars under the Permanent Settlement Regulation. After the Permanent Settlement came into force all landholders immediately under the government were uniformly called zamindars. There were sublease-holders under them called by various names—talukdars, pattanidars etc.” Bankim does not clarify these time-bound distinctions.
Hyperides’ Funeral Oration
Authors: Herrman Judson
Published: November 2023

As we have just seen, the speeches of the 330s focus on the defeat at Chaeronea, which they present as the most recent event in a long tradition of Athenian accomplishments. These orations pay little attention to subsequent developments, as Philip and Alexander consolidated their control of Greece. But in the 320s Athenian prospects improved dramatically, and the death of Alexander in 323 provided an ideal opportunity to renew the fight for the freedom lost at Chaeronea. Hyperides’ speech reflects the changed situation. With its focus on recent events, it stands apart from Athenian speeches of the 330s and from earlier funeral orations. The Athenians had finally put Chaeronea be- hind them, and Hyperides shows them that the current campaign was more important than any of their ancestors’ achievements.
Reflection Meditation Illtemper Sulkiness Determination
Authors: Darwin Charles
Published: November 2023

The act of frowning Reflection with an effort, or with the perception of something difficult or disagreeable Abstracted meditation Ill temper Moroseness Obstinacy Sulkiness and pouting Decision or determination The firm closure of the mouth.

The corrugators, by their contraction, lower the eyebrows and bring them together, producing vertical furrows on the forehead

that is, a frown. Sir C. Bell, who erroneously thought that the corrugator was peculiar to man, ranks it as ‘the most remarkable muscle of the human face. It knits the eyebrows with an energetic effort, which unaccountably, but irresistibly, conveys the idea of mind.’ Or, as he elsewhere says, ‘when the eyebrows are knit, energy of mind is apparent, and there is the mingling of thought and emotion with the savage and brutal rage of the mere animal.’
Hatred and Anger
Authors: Darwin Charles
Published: November 2023

Hatred Rage, effects of, on the system Uncovering of the teeth Rage in the insane Anger and indignation As expressed by the various races of man Sneering and defiance The uncovering of the canine tooth on one side of the face.

If we have suffered or expect to suffer some willful injury from a man, or if he is in any way offensive to us, we dislike him; and dislike easily rises into hatred. Such feelings, if experienced in a moderate degree, are not clearly expressed by any movement of the body or features, excepting perhaps by a certain gravity of behavior, or by some ill temper. Few individuals, however, can long reflect about a hated person, without feeling and exhibiting signs of indignation or rage. But if the offending person be quite insignificant, we experience merely disdain or contempt. If, on the other hand, he is all-powerful, then hatred passes into terror, as when a slave thinks about a cruel master, or a savage about a bloodthirsty malignant deity. Most of our emotions are so closely connected with their expression, that they hardly exist if the body remains passive the nature of the expression depending in chief part on the nature of the actions which have been habitually performed under this particular state of the mind. A man, for instance, may know that his life is in the extremist peril, and may strongly desire to save it, yet may exclaim as did Louis XVI, when surrounded by a fierce mob, ‘Am I afraid? feel my pulse.’ So a man may intensely hate another, but until his bodily frame is affected he cannot be said to be enraged.
Mock Kings in Medieval Society And Renaissance Drama
Authors: Billington Sandra
Published: November 2023

King-led outlaw defiance, riotous lords of misrule, proud midsummer mock kings, and stately Inns-of-Court princes: in diverse ways all were reflections of the dominant social order in the Medieval and Tudor periods and, as this book shows, all influenced the writings of Shakespeare and his contemporaries. Mock Kings considers kingship in the light of contemporary accounts of elected kings in outlaw and rebel groups, and compares them with the phenomenon of festive mock kings. The result is a complex picture of interrelation between festive and more serious opposition to the dominant order, as well as the discovery of a midsummer mock-king play tradition. The second part of the book considers the professional theatre from the late 1580s to the mid-Jacobean period, and demonstrates that mock-king patterns, found in less literary contexts, form the structure of many scripted plays. The popularity of some of the minor dramas is understood for the first time when their festive patterns are identified and, by contrast, Shakespeare's genius in transforming inherited structures into complex works of art is thrown into relief. The book shows that serious reflection on the nature of kingship was maintained throughout Renaissance drama.
May Sinclair
Authors: Raitt Suzanne
Published: November 2023

May Sinclair's 1904 novel, The Divine Fire, made her a household name in both Britain and the US. From then on she was a prominent figure in many of the literary and cultural movements of her day. A committed if ambivalent feminist, she published in the suffragist journal Votes for Women, and was one of the first women in England to go out to the Belgian front in 1914. Towards the end of her active life, she wrote the celebrated modernist novel, Mary Olivier: A Life (1919), and the dense, macabre Life and Death of Harriett Frean (1922). May Sinclair: A Modern Victorian, the first book to appear on May Sinclair in nearly thirty years, draws on newly discovered manuscripts to tell the story of this woman whose emotional isolation bears witness to the great price Victorian women had to pay for their intellectual freedom.
Sophocles’ Antigone and Herodotus Book Three
Authors: West Stephanie
Published: November 2023

When we were blessed with a new Oxford Classical Text of Sophocles in 1990, many readers surely looked first to see whether the editors had voted for or against the authenticity of the passage (Ant. 904-20) where Antigone defends her commitment to Polynices with reasoning more at home in another kind of story, where a wife, being given the opportunity to save one of the three men closest to her, husband, son, or brother, opts for the last, thus so disconcerting the ruler who has given her this dreadful choice that she gains more than was originally offered. Goethe robustly expressed his objections to the passage; but our editors were unmoved by his hope that a competent scholar would show these lines to be interpolated.
Red-Figure and Black-Figure Vases, 530–500 BC
Authors: Immerwahr Henry R
Published: November 2023

Black-Figured vases continue to be the main, though not the best, Attic product in the last third of the sixth century, and the two styles of writing, the fine and the sloppy, are still found.
The Local Populations
Authors: Reyes A T
Published: November 2023

It is necessary to start by reviewing what is known about Cyprus and its populations in the Cypro-Archaic period. The traditional view maintains that three populations coexisted within the island. These are the Greeks; indigenous inhabitants that modern scholars call ‘Eteocypriots’; and the Phoenicians.1 There is some confusion, however, about the extent to which the historical and archaeological evidence can be used to identify these different ethnic groups. Before proceeding, therefore, one needs to be clear about what can and cannot be known about the local populations of Cyprus in the Cypro-Archaic period.
Epigram and Anthology
Authors: Cameron Alan
Published: November 2023

An epigram was originally nothing more than a legend designed to be written on an object, ‘to say whose it is, or who made it, or who has dedicated it to which god, or who is buried underneath it’ . The earliest so far found are in verse, and by convention (how early is uncertain) the term came to be limited to inscriptions in verse, by the fifth century BC predominantly in the metre with which it was to be forever associated, the elegiac couplet.
Rufinus, Diogenian, Ausonius: A Fourth-Century Greek Anthology
Authors: Cameron Alan
Published: November 2023

The uncertain evidence about the so-called Sylloge Rufiniana was submitted to a characteristically sensible and efficient but basically inconclusive re-examination by Denys Page. More progress can be made once it is realized that the problems of the Sylloge Rufiniana are linked to that other mysterious anthology of the early empire, the Anthologion of Diogenian of Heraclea. But first Rufinus.
Laurentianus XXXII. 16
Authors: Cameron Alan
Published: November 2023

This celebrated codex (hereafter L), compiled by Planudes between 1280 and 1283 (and subsequently bought by Filelfo in 1423 from the widow of J. Chrysoloras in Constantinople), is well known to all serious students of Greek epic. As a light relief an anthology of minor poetry was added, comprising some Phocylides, selected dogmatic poems by Gregory Nazianzen, and two short collections of epigrams. Despite attracting the attention of such cognoscenti as C. Wendel and C. Gallavotti, the epigrams have been curiously neglected by students of the Anthology. Only one editor has read the manuscript at all, H. Beckby for his second edition of 1967–8.
The Sylloge Euphemiana and Σ
π
Authors: Cameron Alan
Published: November 2023

In all probability, then, the full text of the anthology of which Sis a fragment was early, perhaps earlier than AP. With Ewe are in a better position; it can be dated to within a decade—though not the decade favoured by modern scholars. According to Waltz, Cephalas’ anthology appeared ‘sans doute un peu avant l’an 900’, and E about 890, ‘l ég èrement anterieur á celui de Cephalas’. It was E, he suggested, that gave Cephalas the idea of ‘une refonte generale’ of the earlier collection.
Vulnerable Places
Authors: Taplin Oliver
Published: November 2023

But I am not to blame, but rather Zeus and Fate and Erinys that walks in darkness: they put a cruel blindness in my mind at the assembly on that day when by my own act I took away his prize from Achilleus. But what could I do? It is god who brings all things to their end. This blindness is Ate, eldest daughter of Zeus, the accursed goddess who blinds all men … So it has been for me in my case now. When great Hektor of the glinting helmet kept destroying the Argives by the sterns of the ships, I could not forget Ate and the blindness she brought on me on that first day. But since I was blinded and Zeus took away my wits, I am ready to take it back and offer the appeasement of limitless reparation. So rise now for battle, and rouse the rest of our people.
Variety
Authors: Dover Kenneth
Published: November 2023

A papyrus published in 1915 (P.Oxy. 1364) was recognized as containing part of Antiphon the Sophist’s ρ ∈ ρ í ‘Aλ η θας, thanks to Harpocration’s attribution of the words τo γol,, which occur in col. i 18-20 of the papyrus, to that work. This was the first, and it remains the only, truly random sample of a fifthcentury sophistic text to become available to us; what else we have of such works has survived because later authors chose to quote it for its content or form. Five years later P.Oxy. 1797 yielded a substantial piece of what is almost certainly the same work, though not written by the same copyist; and if it is not the same work, so much the better, because it would then be a second random sample of a sophistic treatise. In 1984 P.Oxy. 1797 was augmented by P.Oxy. 3647.
Apuleius in Context: Life, Background, Writings
Authors: Harrison S J
Published: November 2023

Information on the life of Apuleius may be recovered from two main sources-his own works, and the writings of Augustine, another writer from North Africa to whom Apuleius’ works were clearly familiar. We can be sure only of his nomen; the praenomen ‘Luciu’ attributed to Apuleius in some Renaissance manuscripts of his works is not found in ancient sources, and is very likely to be derived from the apparent identity suggested between Apuleius and his narrator Lucius of Corinth at the end of the Metamorphoses (11. 27). A recent suggestion that Apuleius is to be identified with a contemporary L. Apuleius Marcellus known from an inscribed lead pipe in Ostia isan interesting but ultimately unconvincing speculation. We can be sure that he was born in the 120s AD at Madauros, now M’daurouch in Algeria, an inland city then in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis, situated some 230 kilometres south-west of Carthage (modern Tunis) and some 900 metres above sea level on the southern slopes of the Atlas mountains.
Philosophical Exposition: De Mundoand De Platone
Authors: Harrison S J
Published: November 2023

The De Mundo and De Platone are respectively a free translation of the extant pseudo-Aristotelian Πϵρi Kóσμov and a two-book handbook to the doctrines of Plato, which is also likely to be a translation or paraphrase of an earlier Greek text; both are thus attempts to expound in Latin the doctrines of Greek philosophers. These two works are transmitted along with the De Deo Socratis and the Asclepius in a group of manuscripts of the philosophical works attributed to Apuleius, a group separate from the F tradition which contains the more literary works. As argued in Chapters 2 and 4, the existence of the ‘false preface’ at the beginning of the De Deo Socratis, which I and others believe to have been the original final section of the Florida, suggests that the two extant branches of the manuscript tradition derive from a late antique division of the collected works of Apuleius, possibly at the moment when their texts were copied from papyrus to codex.
Euripides and the Judgement of Paris
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh
Published: November 2023

It is curious that one of the most deservedly popular stories in Greek myth is so seldom treated or even alluded to in early poetry. That it was popular can be seen from the impressive series of representations in art, exhibiting a more or less steady development from the severe archaic treatment of early black-figure to the luxuriance of Roman murals. From the brief outline in Proclus’ Chrestomathy and the few extant fragments it can be seen that the tale was fully treated in the Cypria; and the Hellenistic imagination was fired by its romantic possibilities, to be most fully realized (in the extant literature) by Ovid.
Mr Dawe on Aeschlyus: Some Notes
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh
Published: November 2023

The interpretation (o) wJµfJc; suggested in the scholia and imported in some MSS into the text may well be ancient (p. 165), but it need not be Aeschylus: grammarians were familiar with the ambiguities of this form from Homer (cf. J: I!. ix. 605, on uµfJc;-n. gen. or adj. nom.; Hdn. Gr. ii. roS L). The sense is in my view inferior, and the idiomatic asyndeton of the vulgate (on which see K.-G. ii. 344) might well have disconcerted an ancient critic. As for the suprascript article, these are ‘as incessant and irritating as a dripping tap’ (p. 165).
Iphigeneia and the Bears of Brauron
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh
Published: November 2023

But I am not entirely happy about how she meets Lloyd-Jones’s second point, that if Iphigeneia has been seized by the attendants it is physically impossible for her to shed her robes. ‘It might be possible’, Dr Sourvinou-Inwood suggests, ‘that what seems inexplicable in terms of everyday reality could be seen in a different light if considered in a ritual context.’
Note Solon, Fragment 2 5
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh
Published: November 2023

Solon is answering his critics (Aristotle, Ath. Pol. xii. 5). The demos has never had it so good. The ‘bigger and stronger men’, µEi,av xat {Jiav aµEivove , also have cause to thank him. For if anyone else had had this office, ‘he would not have restrained the demos, nor would he have stopped, before’, etc. Plutarch (Vit. Sol. r6) introduces the lines in almost the same words.

Line 7 is difficult. Bergk and others construe: ‘until, having stirred up the milk, he had taken the cream’. There are two objections to this. Firstly, the word order would involve an interlacing of main and participial clauses which Greek normally eschews.
Notes on Greek Tragedy, II
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh
Published: November 2023

So Pearson. The strange series of hypodochmiacs here and at OT 1207ff. (cf. E. Or. 982-4), with brevis in longo without pause at Aj. 421 and OT 1208 (possibly also 1217), seems metrically selfcontained, despite their syntactical interdependence
Pause and Period in the Lyrics of Greek Tragedy
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh
Published: November 2023

It has long been accepted as a principle by editors and writers on Greek metre that brevis in longo and hiatus in tragic lyrics often coincide with some kind of sense-pause. The object of this inquiry is (i) to determine the incidence of pause in such places, and show that it is significantly high; (ii) to show that there is a comparable incidence in the corresponding places in strophic systems; (iii) to show that period-ends determined by criteria other than brevis and hiatus are attended by similar conditions. It might seem that if all this were true it would have been recognized long ago, particularly as the connection between sense and metrical structure, and symmetry of sense in strophe and antistrophe, has often been pointed out.
Interlinear Hiatus 1n Trimeters
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh
Published: November 2023

In CQ Iv (1941), 22-5, E. Harrison noticed that hiatus between verses in the trimeters of dialogues was much less frequent in tragedy when the sense ran on from one verse to the next, than when there was a pause in sense at verse-end. He observed (i) that Aeschylus’ Prometheus differed from the other plays of Aeschylus in this respect, the proportion of run-over hiatus to end-stopped hiatus being much higher, and more like that of comedy; (ii) that Sophocles had remarkably few verses with run-over hiatus in the Trachiniae (8) and Antigone (u), much less than Aeschylus in proportion to the number of non-stop trimeters in the play, though Oedipus Tyrannus had much the largest number in Sophocles (48), and no continuous chronological development was discernible; (iii) that in Euripides there was a general progression from relative strictness to relative freedom in the run-over hiatus allowed, though individual plays did not conform closely to this pattern; (iv) that in general comedy was freer than tragedy.
Horatian Echoes
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh
Published: November 2023

As winter thaws beneath the mild breezes of spring, ships are hauled down to the water and on the farm men and beasts emerge from their refuge: Nisbet-Hubbard1 stress the contrast here, which ‘reminds us of the contrast between field and castle in medieval books of hours’ (p. 59). The contrast has a further function: ‘the activity of spring is opposed to the sluggishness of winter, the gaiety of Venus to the heavy industriousness of her husband’ (p. 61), ‘Venus can frolic gaily while her lame and ponderous husband is superintending his thunderbolt factory’ (on 1. 7).
The First Stasimon of Aeschylus’ Choephori
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh
Published: November 2023

Orestes has revealed himself to Electra and sworn with her to avenge Agamemnon. He outlines his plan and leaves the stage with a prayer to his father, after warning the chorus against indiscretion (581-2). They begin:

Earth nurtures many dread hurts and fears; the sea’s embrace is full of monsters hostile to man; lights in mid-air between earth and heaven also harm winged things and things that tread the earth; and one might also tell of the stormy wrath of tempests.
Heracles’ Homecoming and Related Topics: The Second Stasimon of Sophocles’ Trachiniae
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh
Published: November 2023

The second episode of Sophocles’ Trachiniae ends with the pathetic irony ofDeianeira’s final injunction to Lichas (630-2): ‘I am afraid you speak too soon of my desire, before knowing whether I am desired in that quarter.’ But her decision to use the love-charm has given her fresh hope, and this upward trend in the action is accentuated in the short joyful ode which follows her departure from the stage: You who dwell by the warm springs, with their ships’ havens and rocky cliffs, and by the foothills of Oeta, and the recesses of the Malian mere, and the strand of the maiden with the golden shafts, where are the famous gatherings of the Greeks at the Gates: Soon will the lovely voice of the pipe send forth for you no grim untoward clamorous din, but a sound of divine music answering to the lyre.
The Apotheosis of Heracles from the Pyre
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh
Published: November 2023

The finest living interpreter of Greek tragedy, whom we are honouring today, has given us, amongst many other good things, the best book to date on Sophocles. In his illuminating treatment of the Trachiniae, Professor Winnington-Ingram approaches with great caution the question whether the pyre of Heracles alludes to his deification. It has been left to another distinguished tragedian, Mrs Easterling, to give the most subtle and sophisticated answer to this question so far: that there is such an allusion, but that there is much more to it than that.
Introduction: Greek and Latin in Antonine Literature
Authors: Russell D A
Published: November 2023

There is obviously no reason why deaths of emperors should also mark epochs in literary history. Hadrian was indeed an active patron of letters, his successor less so; but whatever changes there were were gradual, and the concept of a specific ally ‘Antonine’ period of literature is bound to be artificial. But it is not therefore useless; for it is possible to discern a distinct stage, in the middle part of the century, in the development of what I like to regard as the bilingual literature of the Empire.
Truth and Fiction in Plutarch’s Lives
Authors: Pelling C B R
Published: November 2023

It would be equally inappropriate to exclude Plutarch from a volume on Antonine Literature on the ground of so-called chronology, just because he died under Hadrian. So many aspects of his style and thought mark an intellectual affinity with Antonine authors, both Greek and Latin.
Traditional Greek Conceptions of Character
Authors: Halliwell Stephen
Published: November 2023

In Prodicus’ parable ‘The Choice of Heracles’, epitomized in Xenophon’s Memorabilia (2. 1. 21 33), the figure of Virtue tells the adolescent hero, as he sits contemplating the ethical divergence of’roads’ which defines the possibilities of his adult life: ‘I approach you, Heracles, with knowledge of who your parents were, and having learnt your own nature (phusis) in the course of your education. As a result, I hope that if you take the road which leads to me, you will certainly become an excellent agent of fine and proud deeds’ (2. 1. 27).
On Reading Plutarch’s Lives
Authors: Russell D A
Published: November 2023

‘Who’s this, thy son? A pretty youth! What is his name? ‘Plutarchus, sir.’ ‘Plutarchus! how came that about?’ ‘That year, sir, That I begot him, I bought Plutarch’s Lives And fell so in love with the book, as I call’d my son By his name, in hope he should be like him, And write the lives of our great men.’ Ben Jonson, The Devil is an Ass (1616).
Plutarch, Alcibiades 1-16
Authors: Russell D A
Published: November 2023

The first part of Plutarch’s Alcibiades, down to the point at which preparations for Sicily begin (17. 1), has only the roughest chronological framework. It is largely made up of anecdote and reflection, and the order seems to be determined mainly by literary considerations. Hence its special interest for the study of Plutarch’s methods. Why is the material arranged as it is? And what, if any, is Plutarch’s original contribution? These are dangerous questions-the first because it is human to claim the presence of design where there is really only accident, and the second because to answer it properly would require unattainable completeness in our knowledge of the sources. Nevertheless, it is perhaps worth making the attempt.
Tragedy and Epic in Plutarch’s Alexander
Authors: Mossman J M
Published: November 2023

Achilles is the poetic paradigm of a hero, Alexander his real-life counterpart as well as his descendant. This idea is a commonplace of all our sources for Alexander’s life. There are numerous examples of it: Diodorus says at xvii. 1.4:
Anatolia
Authors: Mitchell Stephen
Published: November 2023

This is the first comprehensive study of the history of Asia Minor in antiquity to be written for nearly fifty years and the first attempt to treat Anatolian history as a whole over the millennium from the time of Alexander the Great to the hey day of the Byzantine Empire. The first volume is in two parts. The first examines the region in the Hellenistic period, when it was dominated by Celtic tribes who settled in the interior of Asia Minor in the first half of the third century BC. The second covers the period of the Roman Empire and looks in detail at the changes brought about by imperial rule. Two relationships dominated every aspect of Asia Minor's history throughout the period: that of the people to the land and that of men to the gods. An enormous quantity of information derived from written sources, archaeological remains, inscriptions, and coins make it possible to explore these relationships at a level of detail which is hardly possible for any other part of the ancient world. Both themes have a significance which reached far beyond the boundaries of Anatolia.
The Pacification of the Taurus
Authors: Mitchell Stephen
Published: November 2023

Rome’s new Anatolian possessions, the province of Galatia, required military intervention from the outset. The final subjugation of the intransigent tribal peoples of the Taurus—Cilicians, isaurians, and Pisidians—remained incomplete and, formidable as the achievements of Amyntas had already been, a generation was to pass before their mountainous homelands were finally subdued and secured. These were among the unsung wars of the Augustan age. No narrative account survives from any ancient source, and the course of the campaigns has to be recovered from hints in the ancient writers, inferences deduced from the careers of the Roman commanders who conducted them, and epigraphical evidence for the disposition of military units and veteran settlements through the area in the early principate.