bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical parameter design model of hemispherical laser retroreflector arrays for satellite laser ranging
Authors: Zhou Hui , Zhang Qianyin , Ma Yue , Li Song
Published: October 2024

A laser retroreflector array (LRA) with multiple retroreflectors is used to directionally reflect an incident laser beam and aims to enhance the received signal strength into laser ranging ground stations. A comprehensive mathematical equation of the received photons is established by modelling the LRA far field diffraction intensity (FFDI) and the satellite velocity aberration position. Based on this received photon model, a novel method on designing the dihedral angle offset and the aperture of retroreflectors is proposed, which maximizes the received photon under the minimal elevation angle of the ground station. Taking the hemispherical structure parameters of Chinese HY-2 satellite LRA and the specification parameters of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, the optimal aperture and the dihedral angle offset of the HY-2 laser retroreflectors are 17 mm and 1.6″, respectively. These two optimal optical parameters make the received photon under the elevation angle of 0° reach ∼0.9 count per laser shot. Until now, ∼851,400 successful observations have been successfully obtained by global ground stations since the first launch of HY-2 satellite series in 2011, which guarantees the high-precise orbit determination of HY-2 satellite series.
AuNPs enhanced electrochemical and optical dual-mode fiber optic sensor for trace Hg2+ detection
Authors: Li Lixia , Jin Mingdeng , Wu Siyuan , Feng Ning , Liu Yufang
Published: October 2024

Efficient and low-concentration detection of heavy metal ions is crucial for healthcare and environmental monitoring. Traditional fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors face challenges in detecting trace heavy metal ions due to limited sensitivity and the need for complex specific modifications. To overcome these challenges, an innovative electrochemical and optical dual-mode fiber optic sensor for in situ, real-time detection of trace mercury ions is proposed in this paper. The sensor utilizes a reflection-type fiber optic probe coated with thin gold (Au)/indium tin oxide (ITO) film and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), enabling simultaneous electrochemical and optical interrogation. The coupling effect between the SPR of thin film and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of AuNPs significantly improves optical sensitivity, with AuNPs also offering additional active sites for the redox reaction of Hg2+. The ITO film not only facilitates the stripping of Hg2+, leading to sharper stripping peaks but also enhances the ability of the sensor to rapidly respond to anomalous potential changes. Experimental results show that the sensor has a wide dynamic detection range from 10−10 M to 10−5 M, with a limit of detection reaching the pM level. The dual-mode functionality allows the simultaneous collection of voltage, current, and optical information, enabling cross-validation of the detection results and improving the accuracy and reliability of detection.
Three-dimensional, multi-wavelength beam formation with integrated metasurface optics for Sr laser cooling
Authors: Jammi Sindhu , Ferdinand Andrew R. , Luo Zheng , Newman Zachary L. , Spektor Grisha , Song Junyeob , Koksal Okan , Rakholia Akash V. , Lunden William , Sheredy Daniel , Patel Parth B. , Boyd Martin M. , Zhu Wenqi , Agrawal Amit , Briles Travis C. , Papp Scott B.
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate the formation of a complex, multi-wavelength,
three-dimensional laser beam configuration with integrated metasurface
(MS) optics. Our experiments support the development of a compact Sr
optical-lattice clock, which leverages magneto-optical trapping at 461
nm and 689 nm without bulk free-space optics. We integrate six
mm-scale metasurfaces on a fused silica substrate and illuminate them
with light from optical fibers. The metasurfaces provide full control
of beam pointing, divergence, and polarization to create the laser
configuration for a magneto-optical trap. We report the efficiency and
integration of the visible laser beam configuration, demonstrating the
suitability of metasurface optics for atomic laser cooling.
InAs/GaSb superlattice SESAM mode-locked fluoride fiber laser at 2.8 µm
Authors: Bao Ceben , Zhou Xiabing , Qin Zhipeng , Xie Guoqiang
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate a mode-locked fluoride fiber laser operating at 2.8 µm using an InAs/GaSb superlattice (SL) semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). Z-scan measurements show that the SL saturable absorber layer possesses off-bandgap nonlinearity near 2.8 µm, with a saturation fluence of 15.9 µJ/cm2, a single-pass modulation depth of 2.4%, and a damage threshold of 10.4 mJ/cm2. Using this high-damage-threshold SESAM, we achieved a maximum average output power of 1.16 W from the 2.8 µm mode-locked Er:ZBLAN fiber laser, with a pulse duration of 28.1 ps. Continuous mode-locking operation at an average power of 224 mW was sustained for 36 h without interruption, demonstrating the reliability of the InAs/GaSb SL SESAM for the development of mid-infrared mode-locked fluoride fiber lasers.
Mid-infrared edge-enhanced imaging via angle-selective nonlinear filtering
Authors: Wei Zhuohang , Huang Kun , Fang Jianan , Zeng Heping
Published: October 2024

We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, scheme for mid-infrared upconversion imaging with high tunability between bright-field and edge-enhanced modalities. The involved engineering of the nonlinear process favors shaping the optical transfer function of the imaging system. Consequently, a nonlinear angle-selective filter can be configured to perform an all-optical Fourier processing of the image, which highly depends on phase-matching parameters. We numerically demonstrate the ability to switch modalities between the bright-field and edge-enhanced imaging by tuning the crystal temperature and simultaneously acquiring both information by dichromatic illumination. Notably, the achieved reconfigurability is realized without changing the imaging settings, which contrasts with previous instantiations based on pump adaptation. Therefore, the proposed architecture of upconversion imagers would pave a novel way to implement layout-compact and all-optical processing for infrared images.
All-optical switching in nonlinear topological waveguide arrays
Authors: Zhang Qinglong , Kang Juan , Wei Ruishan , Dong Guoping
Published: October 2024

Photonic topological states are prospective in integrated optical devices due to their robustness to perturbations and defects. When taking into account the nonlinear effects of the system, the functionality of topological photonics can be further enhanced. Here, we investigated the interplay between topological edge states and nonlinear effects based on the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model. Relying on the theory prediction that topological edge states would shift upward under the action of nonlinearity, two types of optical switching are designed and experimentally realized in femtosecond laser direct-write waveguide arrays. This work provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach to preparing all-optical switches and offers a new perspective on the application of nonlinearity in topological optical devices.
Chromatin remodeller Chd7 is developmentally regulated in the neural crest by tissue-specific transcription factors
Authors: Williams Ruth M. , Taylor Guneş , Ling Irving T. C. , Candido-Ferreira Ivan , Fountain Daniel M. , Mayes Sarah , Ateş-Kalkan Perihan Seda , Haug Julianna O. , Price Andrew J. , McKinney Sean A. , Bozhilovh Yavor K. , Tyser Richard C. V. , Srinivas Shankar , Hughes Jim R. , Sauka-Spengler Tatjana
Published: October 2024

Neurocristopathies such as CHARGE syndrome result from aberrant neural crest development. A large proportion of CHARGE cases are attributed to pathogenic variants in the gene encoding CHD7, chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7, which remodels chromatin. While the role for CHD7 in neural crest development is well documented, how this factor is specifically up-regulated in neural crest cells is not understood. Here, we use epigenomic profiling of chick and human neural crest to identify a cohort of enhancers regulating Chd7 expression in neural crest cells and other tissues. We functionally validate upstream transcription factor binding at candidate enhancers, revealing novel epistatic relationships between neural crest master regulators and Chd7, showing tissue-specific regulation of a globally acting chromatin remodeller. Furthermore, we find conserved enhancer features in human embryonic epigenomic data and validate the activity of the human equivalent CHD7 enhancers in the chick embryo. Our findings embed Chd7 in the neural crest gene regulatory network and offer potentially clinically relevant elements for interpreting CHARGE syndrome cases without causative allocation.
Partial correlation network analysis identifies coordinated gene expression within a regional cluster of COPD genome-wide association signals
Authors: Gentili Michele , Glass Kimberly , Maiorino Enrico , Hobbs Brian D. , Xu Zhonghui , Castaldi Peter J. , Cho Michael H. , Hersh Craig P. , Qiao Dandi , Morrow Jarrett D. , Carey Vincent J. , Platig John , Silverman Edwin K.
Published: October 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease influenced by well-established environmental exposures (most notably, cigarette smoking) and incompletely defined genetic factors. The chromosome 4q region harbors multiple genetic risk loci for COPD, including signals near HHIP, FAM13A, GSTCD, TET2, and BTC. Leveraging RNA-Seq data from lung tissue in COPD cases and controls, we estimated the co-expression network for genes in the 4q region bounded by HHIP and BTC (~70MB), through partial correlations informed by protein-protein interactions. We identified several co-expressed gene pairs based on partial correlations, including NPNT-HHIP, BTC-NPNT and FAM13A-TET2, which were replicated in independent lung tissue cohorts. Upon clustering the co-expression network, we observed that four genes previously associated to COPD: BTC, HHIP, NPNT and PPM1K appeared in the same network community. Finally, we discovered a sub-network of genes differentially co-expressed between COPD vs controls (including FAM13A, PPA2, PPM1K and TET2). Many of these genes were previously implicated in cell-based knock-out experiments, including the knocking out of SPP1 which belongs to the same genomic region and could be a potential local key regulatory gene. These analyses identify chromosome 4q as a region enriched for COPD genetic susceptibility and differential co-expression.
Metabolic cross-feeding interactions modulate the dynamic community structure in microbial fuel cell under variable organic loading wastewaters
Authors: Srinak Natchapon , Chiewchankaset Porntip , Kalapanulak Saowalak , Panichnumsin Pornpan , Saithong Treenut
Published: October 2024

The efficiency of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in industrial wastewater treatment is profoundly influenced by the microbial community, which can be disrupted by variable industrial operations. Although microbial guilds linked to MFC performance under specific conditions have been identified, comprehensive knowledge of the convergent community structure and pathways of adaptation is lacking. Here, we developed a microbe-microbe interaction genome-scale metabolic model (mmGEM) based on metabolic cross-feeding to study the adaptation of microbial communities in MFCs treating sulfide-containing wastewater from a canned-pineapple factory. The metabolic model encompassed three major microbial guilds: sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), methanogens (MET), and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). Our findings revealed a shift from an SOB-dominant to MET-dominant community as organic loading rates (OLRs) increased, along with a decline in MFC performance. The mmGEM accurately predicted microbial relative abundance at low OLRs (L-OLRs) and adaptation to high OLRs (H-OLRs). The simulations revealed constraints on SOB growth under H-OLRs due to reduced sulfate-sulfide (S) cycling and acetate cross-feeding with SRB. More cross-fed metabolites from SRB were diverted to MET, facilitating their competitive dominance. Assessing cross-feeding dynamics under varying OLRs enabled the execution of practical scenario-based simulations to explore the potential impact of elevated acidity levels on SOB growth and MFC performance. This work highlights the role of metabolic cross-feeding in shaping microbial community structure in response to high OLRs. The insights gained will inform the development of effective strategies for implementing MFC technology in real-world industrial environments.
Metatranscriptomic insights into the dengue patient blood microbiome: Enhanced microbial diversity and metabolic activity in severe patients
Authors: Yadav Aanchal , Devi Priti , Kumari Pallawi , Shamim Uzma , Tarai Bansidhar , Budhiraja Sandeep , Pandey Rajesh
Published: October 2024

Background

Dengue is the most re-emergent infection, with approximately 100 million new cases reported annually, yet no effective treatment or vaccine exists. Here, we aim to define the microbial community structure and their functional profiles in the dengue positive patients with varying disease severity.

Methodology/Principal findings

Hospital admitted 112 dengue-positive patients blood samples were analyzed by dual RNA-sequencing to simultaneously identify the transcriptionally active microbes (TAMs), their expressed genes and associated pathways. Results highlight that patients with severe dengue exhibited increased microbial diversity and presence of opportunistic species (unique and core) which includes Bacillus cereus, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Streptococcus suis, and Serratia marcescens. The functional profile analysis revealed enriched metabolic pathways such as protein degradation, nucleotide biosynthesis, ion transport, cell shape integrity, and ATP formation in severe cases, indicating the high energy demands and adaptability of these microbes.

Conclusion

Our metatranscriptomic approach provides a species-level characterization of blood microbiome composition and reveals a heightened diversity of TAMs in patients with severe dengue, underscoring the need for further research into the role of blood microbiota in disease progression. Comparing the microbial signatures across the severity classes early in the disease offers unique potential for convenient and early diagnosis of dengue infection.
Blesser relationships among orphaned adolescent girls in contexts of poverty and gender inequality in South African townships
Authors: Ngidi Ndumiso Daluxolo , Ntinga Xolani , Tshazi Ayanda , Moletsane Relebohile
Published: October 2024

The term blesser has become part of South Africa’s contemporary lexicon, replacing the older terminology of ‘sugar daddy.’ While much recent literature has focused on the blesser phenomenon, the voices of orphaned adolescent girls on their entanglement in blesser relationships have had insufficient attention. Using the theory of gender and power as an analytical lens, this qualitative study analyses the visual and textual data generated by orphaned adolescent girls on their relationships with blessers. To generate data, the participants used photovoice to represent their relationships with older male sexual partners in their resource-poor South African township neighbourhoods. Our analysis reveals a set of factors that render orphaned adolescent girls vulnerable to age-disparate relationships, such as the structural dimensions of their lives, including their status as orphaned girls, heteropatriarchy, age-based hierarchies, and poverty in their households and communities. On the other hand, our analysis explores the less understood area of the relative agency, intentionality, and proactive approach that orphaned girls take to initiating and negotiating blesser relationships. The findings have implications for further research that will expand our understanding of girls’ agency—and the structural limits to that agency—in adverse socio-cultural circumstances. Such research holds potential for interventions that might enable orphaned girls to better advocate for themselves in the context of unequal power relations.
Detection and transport of environmental DNA from two federally endangered mussels
Authors: Sansom Brandon J. , Ruiz-Ramos Dannise V. , Thompson Nathan L. , Roberts Maura O. , Taylor Zachary A. , Ortiz Katie , Jones Jess W. , Richter Catherine A. , Klymus Katy E.
Published: October 2024

Environmental DNA (eDNA) offers a novel approach to supplement traditional surveys and provide increased spatial and temporal information on species detection, and it can be especially beneficial for detecting at risk or threatened species with minimal impact on the target species. The transport of eDNA in lotic environments is an important component in providing more informed descriptions of where and when a species is present, but eDNA transport phenomena are not well understood. In this study, we used species-specific assays to detect eDNA from two federally endangered mussels in two geographically distinct rivers. Using the eDNA concentrations measured from field samples, we developed a one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic transport model to predict the downstream fate and transport of eDNA. We detected eDNA from both federally endangered mussels across several seasons and flow rates and up to 3.5 km downstream from the source populations, but the detection rates and eDNA concentrations were highly variable across and within rivers and study reaches. Our 1D transport models successfully integrated the variability of the eDNA field samples into the model predictions and overall model results were generally within ±1 standard error of the eDNA field concentration values. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the importance of optimizing the spatial locations from where eDNA is collected downstream from a source population, and it highlights the need to improve understanding on the shedding mechanisms and magnitude of eDNA from source populations and biogeomorphic processes that influence eDNA transport.
Neural parameter calibration and uncertainty quantification for epidemic forecasting
Authors: Gaskin Thomas , Conrad Tim , Pavliotis Grigorios A. , Schütte Christof
Published: October 2024

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has thrown the importance of accurately forecasting contagion dynamics and learning infection parameters into sharp focus. At the same time, effective policy-making requires knowledge of the uncertainty on such predictions, in order, for instance, to be able to ready hospitals and intensive care units for a worst-case scenario without needlessly wasting resources. In this work, we apply a novel and powerful computational method to the problem of learning probability densities on contagion parameters and providing uncertainty quantification for pandemic projections. Using a neural network, we calibrate an ODE model to data of the spread of COVID-19 in Berlin in 2020, achieving both a significantly more accurate calibration and prediction than Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)-based sampling schemes. The uncertainties on our predictions provide meaningful confidence intervals e.g. on infection figures and hospitalisation rates, while training and running the neural scheme takes minutes where MCMC takes hours. We show convergence of our method to the true posterior on a simplified SIR model of epidemics, and also demonstrate our method’s learning capabilities on a reduced dataset, where a complex model is learned from a small number of compartments for which data is available.
Ectopic expression of potato ARP1 encoding auxin-repressed protein confers salinity stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: AlNeyadi Sara , Kappachery Sajeesh , Khan Tanveer Alam , Karumannil Sameera , AlHosani Mohammed , Anand Gururani Mayank
Published: October 2024

Salinity stress is one of the most detrimental factors affecting crop production worldwide. Genetic engineering offers a promising approach for improving agronomic traits and enhancing stress tolerance. In a previous work, several potential candidate genes were identified in potato using large-scale functional yeast screening. In this work, we characterized one of the identified genes, an auxin-repressed protein 1 (ARP1), in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. ARP1 transgenic lines were subjected to salinity stress and compared with wild-type (WT) plants. Compared to WT plants, transgenic ARP1 lines showed significant improvements in morphological parameters, such as plant height, leaves per plant, root length, and fresh weight. Additionally, biochemical and physiological analyses revealed that the transgenic ARP1 lines exhibited improved stomatal conductance, reduced electrolyte leakage, increased proline and chlorophyll accumulation, significantly enhanced malondialdehyde accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, spectral analysis revealed that transgenic ARP1 lines had increased photosynthetic capacity compared to WT plants, as indicated by various biochemical parameters and pigment indicators. Transgenic ARP1 lines also showed improved photosystem (PSII) efficiency compared to WT plants, as demonstrated by detailed chlorophyll fluorescence analyses. Moreover, both ARP1 lines showed significantly higher expression levels of SOD, CAT, and APX than the WT plants under salt stress. The highest increase in relative expression was observed with SOD (3-fold increase) as compared to their respective WT in both ARP1 lines. We conclude that potato ARP1 is a promising candidate gene for the future development of salt-tolerant crops.
Experiences and perceptions of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Li Yu , Ma Dongchi , Yang Lili
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The systematic evaluation of relevant qualitative studies on the experiences of patients with ankylosing spondylitis provides a foundation for the clinical development of personalized disease management programs for this patient category.

Methods

Multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang, CBM, and VIP, were searched for qualitative research literature on the experiences of patients with ankylosing spondylitis from the inception of databases to March 2024. Eligible studies were included, and quality was assessed using the quality evaluation standard of qualitative research at the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), Australia (2016). The results were integrated using the meta-aggregation approach.

Results

A total of 11 papers were included in the review. Four themes and 10 subthemes were synthesized: (1) difficulties in diagnosis and treatment; (2) effects of disease symptoms; (3) maladjustment of social roles; and (4) lack of support for disease response.

Conclusion

Medical staff should leverage the advantages of the Internet to enhance knowledge and education on ankylosing spondylitis. They should focus on patients’ mental health, assist in active self-management, provide personalized interventions, promote recovery, and improve the quality of life for patients. Additionally, society should offer a diverse range of support.
Rein tensions and behaviour with five rein types in international-level vaulting horses
Authors: Biau Sophie , Pycik Elena , Boichot Laetitia , Berg Lise-Charlotte , Ruet Alice
Published: October 2024

Health and performance of vaulting horses cantering with reins might be affected by rein tensions. The primary aim of this present study was to measure rein and lunge line tensions in international-level vaulting horses with several types of reins adjusted in accordance with the requirements of the FEI Vaulting Rules and study the effect of reins types on it. The secondary aim was to evaluate behavioural signs of discomfort under the same conditions and study the effect of reins types on it. The relationship between tensions and behavioural signs of discomfort was then explored. Thirty-nine international-level vaulting horses took part in this study and tested side reins either with an elastic part, all elastic or without elastic, draw reins with an upper adjustment triangle and side reins fixed on the noseband. Tensions of the left and right reins and the lunge line were measured with sensors at a rate of 80 Hz for a canter of 1min30 on a 15-meter circle, without a vaulter, and behavioural analyses (on the locomotion, tail, head, mouth and ears movements) were performed using video filmed by a camera attached to the lunger’s chest. Mixed models revealed that the Root mean square (RMS) of the tensions of the left and right reins, of the total, as well as the lunge line, were significantly influenced by rein type (p<0.001) in all cases). Total RMS tension ranged from 6.2 kg to 11.7 kg with a right RMS tension superior to left RMS (p < 0.001). When tension was high, mouth opening increased (p = 0.007). It was with draw reins that total tension (p < 0.05) and mouth openings were lower (p = 0.005), even if a high proportion of variance of these discomfort behaviours could be explained by the individual horse.
Evaluating the risk of sleep disorders in subjects with a prior COVID-19 infection
Authors: Kim Jaewhan , Ben-Umeh Kenechukwu C. , Weir Rachel , Manotas Karen , Kleinschmit Kristi , Fischer Aaron , Weir Peter , Wilson Fernando
Published: October 2024

Previous studies have reported a potential occurrence of sleep disorders in patients following a COVID-19 infection. However, these findings were based on surveys or retrospective studies with small sample sizes. This study examined if subjects with a previous COVID-19 infection in 2020 experienced sleep disorders in 2021. Using the 2019–2021 Utah All Payers Claims Database (APCD), adults (≥18 to 62 years old in 2019) covered by private insurance and Medicaid were identified. Sleep disorders were identified from the primary and secondary diagnosis in 2021. Baseline characteristics of subjects such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, type of insurance, and comorbid conditions were identified from the database. Entropy balancing was used to balance the baseline characteristics of subjects with and without a COVID-19 infection in 2020. Weighted logistic regression was used to identify significant factors that were associated with sleep disorders. A total of 413,958 subjects were included in the study. The average (SD) age was 38 (17) years old in 2019 and 58% were female. Among the subjects, about 39% had a COVID-19 infection in 2020. Those who had a COVID-19 infection in 2020 were 53% more likely to have a sleep disorder in 2021 (OR = 1.53; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.48–1.58). Sleep disorders could be one of long-term COVID-19 symptoms. More screening and observations for those who had a COVID-19 infection could be important to improve sleep related problems.
Regional integration and export performance of Pakistan: Empirical evidence from the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Waseem , Khan Muhammad Asif , Khan Mohammed Arshad , Haider Ahsanuddin
Published: October 2024

The study examines export impact of Pakistan’s integration into Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) on its export’s performance. We apply Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) on augmented gravity model to estimate trade data from the period before and after permanent membership with Shanghai Cooperation Organization in 2017. The study aims to explore changes in exports volume and analyze the key mechanism through which Shanghai Cooperation Organization promotes exports. The study assesses that after integration which key exports sector such as agriculture or manufacturing sectors are affected more significantly. The initial findings suggest that SCO integration positively affect and provide access to Central Asian markets, leading to modest but noticeable promotion in exports promotion. In heterogeneity analysis we find that exports of Pakistan are more significant with low and middle-income level countries compared to higher-income level countries. Additionally, exports in the manufacturing sector benefited more than in the agriculture sector. The significant and positive findings of mechanism analysis indicate that the belt and road (B&R) initiative and bilateral trade agreements are the key factors to enhanced exports. The overall impact remains moderated by structural changes in Pakistan economy, such as poor infrastructure, deficiency in energy sector and limited trade relations with its neighbors India and Iran. The study concludes that although the SCO integration has positively promoted exports of Pakistan however, it requires to address domestic economic constraints and capitalize more effectively the benefits of SCO membership through regional cooperation mechanism. For more potential benefits in the region SCO needs to expand B&R connectivity, encourage more trade agreements, and adopt favorable environment to attract high income countries in the organization. The study provides the base for future research in depth analysis of long-term impact of SCO integration on Pakistan exports.
Building non-motorized accessible communities for heterogeneous demand: A facility location and network design problem
Authors: Starita Stefano , Tea-Makorn Pinnaree , Jindahra Pavitra
Published: October 2024

Improving non-motorized accessibility is essential to enable access to vital services such as education and healthcare. Road networks are often inadequately designed for non-motorized accessibility, and service facilities are not always strategically located to reach the majority of users. Furthermore, design decisions are rarely made with consideration for the diverse needs and walking abilities of a heterogeneous population. Enhancing infrastructure by locating new service facilities and creating accessible paths involves significant investments, requiring a systematic approach to utilize limited resources efficiently. We propose an optimization model to identify optimal locations for new facilities and accessible road segments to maximize non-motorized accessibility to a range of services, taking into account users with different walking abilities. A randomized greedy algorithm is developed to tackle the complex network design and facility location problem. A case study in the Huai Kwang district of Bangkok is discussed to illustrate how this methodology can support strategic decisions to enhance non-motorized accessibility.
Impact of SCN10A Polymorphism on Abdominal Pain Perception and Visceral Hypoalgesia in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Coates Matthew D. , Walter Vonn , Stuart August , Small Jeffrey , Dalessio Shannon , Carkaci-Salli Nurgul , Ouyang Ann , Clarke Kofi , Tinsley Andrew , Williams Emmanuelle D. , Janicki Piotr , Ruiz-Velasco Victor , Vrana Kent E.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Hypoalgesic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may provide critical insights into human abdominal pain. This condition was previously associated with homozygosity for a polymorphism (rs6795970, A1073V; 1073val/val) related to Nav1.8, a voltage-gated sodium channel preferentially expressed on nociceptors. It was unclear whether this relationship existed for both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study evaluated a larger, carefully phenotyped IBD cohort to investigate this question.

METHODS:

Allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs6795970 were compared among study cohorts characterized by concomitant assessment of intestinal inflammatory status and abdominal pain experience. Visceral sensory perception was performed in healthy individuals using rectal balloon distension.

RESULTS:

We analyzed 416 patients with IBD (261CD:155UC) and 142 healthy controls. In the IBD cohort, 84 individuals (43CD:41UC) were determined to have hypoalgesic disease. The allelic frequency of rs6795970 was significantly higher in patients with hypoalgesic IBD when compared with other patients with IBD and healthy controls. Patients with hypoalgesic IBD were also more likely to be homozygous for this polymorphism when compared with other patients with IBD and healthy controls. Hypoalgesic CD (30% vs 12%, P = 0.004) and hypoalgesic UC (32% vs 15%, P = 0.036) were each significantly more likely to be associated with homozygosity for the rs6795970 polymorphism. In a cohort of healthy individuals (n = 50), rs6795970 homozygotes (n = 11) also demonstrated reduced abdominal discomfort to rectal balloon distension.

DISCUSSION:

These findings indicate that Nav1.8 plays a key role in human visceral pain perception, and could serve as a novel diagnostic target in the management of hypoalgesic CD and UC, and potential therapeutic target for conditions associated with chronic abdominal pain.
Stanley N Graven MD: A visionary for the care of babies and families
Authors: Browne Joy V
Published: October 2024

Several pioneering neonatologists laid the foundation for practice with sick and preterm babies in intensive care.  Stanley Graven was one of them. His contributions to the field in the 1960s and 70s were not those of new surgical procedures, identification of new treatments, or technological advances.  Instead, he was known for developing hospital systems that developed specialized neonatal units and resulted in decreased infant mortality. He further influenced care of babies and by showing that education for the then basic level hospitals in delivery room care, control of glucose and temperature as well as early recognition and support for respiratory distress could significantly change outcomes for babies.
Modifikasi Kereb dengan Inovasi Fitur Self-Glow Melalui Penambahan Fosforence dan Glass Bead
Authors: Dwiwardani Riskina Wilosa , Ardyanti Reza Alisa , Susanti Riza , Nurdiana Asri
Published: October 2024

The increase in population in Indonesia occurs rapidly as the years go by, which is directly proportional to the need for adequate facilities and infrastructure for carrying out activities and mobilizing from one place to another. Fulfillment of multi-story parking facilities is often found in the basement. It can be supported by additional facilities that help vehicle drivers take advantage of limited land. This section is quite dark and can potentially harm drivers because it causes high installation and maintenance costs for electrical installations and lighting. In overcoming this problem, one alternative research effort is to innovate the addition of a self-glow feature by adding phosphorescence powder and glass beads to modifications to conventional carriages' road dividers. Using a layer variation of 30%P1 20%P2; (15%F1;60%T1); (20%F2;80%T2); (25%F3;100%); top coat 100:50 tested for drying time, adhesion test, low-temperature test, softening point test, shelf life test, gradation test, and reflectivity test according to SNI 03-6450-2000. Glass waste was chosen as an additional material because it has the same properties as glass beads in reflecting light. Phosphorescence powder can glow in the dark, while glass beads can reflect light. Then it went through various testing processes (30%P1; 25%; 100%F3), which is an efficient variation and has the quality of the results of the luminescence test and reflectivity test, namely Qd 417, and it can be seen that the water-based phosphorescence coating can light up to 50 minutes at exposure 46.2 lux.
Optimalisasi Desain Struktur Gedung Interdisciplinary Engineering (IDE) – Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia dengan Memanfaatkan BIM (Building Information Modelling)
Authors: Larasati Citra Anindya , Dzaky Dendi Ahmad , Nurdiana Asri , Setiabudi Bambang
Published: October 2024

Project design is a step in the construction process that determines the technical requirements to be applied when the project is constructed. BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a form of technological innovation used in project design. BIM (Building Information Modeling) has become the main factor for increasing efficiency and accuracy; using BIM, everything related to design, construction, scheduling, and costs can be integrated into one digital platform that all stakeholders can access. In this paper, the structural planning optimization of the Interdisciplinary Engineering (IDE) Building - Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia, will be carried out. This building planning refers to (SNI-2847-2019) concerning Structural Concrete Requirements for Buildings and (SNI-1726-2019) concerning Procedures for Planning for Earthquake Resistance of Structures. Outputs are generated through superstructure and substructure plans, the design of foundation structures, columns, beams, and plates, 2D Detail Engineering Design (DED), 3D modeling, and construction management plans in the form of Budget Plans and scheduling.
Inovasi Desain Roster Beton dengan Mengutamakan Unsur Privacy dan Estetika
Authors: Candra Rizky Arya Maulana , Alfani Karuniawan Muh. Husaini , Susanti Riza , Fauziyah Shifa
Published: October 2024

A roster is a nonstructural construction that plays a role in regulating the temperature and humidity of the air in the room; not only that, a roster is also often used as a room divider. The number of roster product designs on the market allows roster manufacturers to make products whose designs tend to prioritize less privacy and only prioritize aesthetic factors in the design of the roster structure. This research was conducted to create changes in roster design to improve the function of the roster, where the roster itself must have optimal air circulation and an element of privacy that is maintained. This research uses an experimental method by making its concrete roster design innovation and comparing it with existing products on the market; as a comparison, 2 product design samples were taken from the market and tested. Tests are carried out in the form of air circulation testing, facade testing, compressive strength testing, and water absorption testing. AutoDesk CFD software is used as a means for testing air circulation and as a success parameter for testing compressive strength and water absorption per SNI 03-1570-1989. The value of the air circulation test is 866343.0 cm3/s = 866.343 Liter/s for the 1st design, 842725.0 cm3/s = 842.725 Liter/s in the 2nd design, 7964661.0 cm3/s = 796.4661 Liter/s in the 3rd design. The compressive strength result obtained is 1.25 N/mm2. The results of the test values of compressive strength and water absorption show that they can meet the specified requirements. This concrete roster design innovation can make the right solution for consumers when choosing a more optimal concrete roster.
Potensi Pencahayaan Alami pada Bangunan Peribadatan Gereja GPIB Filadelfia Semarang
Authors: Tahapary Varinca Augi , Bramiana Chely Novia
Published: October 2024

Natural lighting is one of the supporting functions of space that can positively impact space users. One of the benefits is visual comfort when carrying out various indoor activities. Visual comfort is needed in every room, including the worship room. This study aims to evaluate the intensity of natural lighting in the GPIB Filadelfia Church Semarang church hall. This research uses the quantitative method by doing direct observations and measurements using a lux meter placed at twelve measuring points during sunny weather. The results showed that the average light intensity in the morning, afternoon, and evening complies with the visual comfort standards of SNI 03-6197-2000; thus, overall visual comfort is achieved. However, some measuring points with small lighting intensity are still not up to standards because the location is too far from the openings. A light barrier also affects the difference in light intensity at each measuring point.
Perencanaan Ulang Bangunan Gedung Dormitory Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi (KST) Nuklir Yogyakarta Berbasis Building Information Modelling (BIM) 5D
Authors: Fridasari Anis Salma Al , Aditama Saka , Nurdiana Asri , Setiabudi Bambang
Published: October 2024

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a method of processing data during the life cycle of a construction project that uses three-dimensional, real-time, and dynamic building modeling software, thereby creating a complete model related to project data from the planning to the construction phase of the project. In the re-planning of the Yogyakarta Nuclear Science and Technology (KST) Dormitory Building based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) 5D, a special moment resisting frame system (SRPMK) structure was used. The planned building consists of 7 floors, including the lower structure consisting of a 50x50 square pile foundation and five types of pile cap, the upper structure consisting of columns, beams, and floor plates. The quality of concrete in the structure used is fc' 40 Mpa and 35 Mpa with reinforcing steel quality fy 420B. In this planning, 2D and 3D modeling was carried out. Structural analysis was carried out using the SAP2000 application, which was then continued with 2D 3D modeling and Quantity take-off results using Revit and Scheduling using Ms. Projects. The Draft Budget (RAB) results for this planning are Rp. 37,691,368,000.00. The planned duration of work is 26 weeks. The results of the scheduling and RAB are then integrated using the Naviswork software so that the simulation results of the work to be planned can be seen.
Effect of planting distance and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and physiological traits of Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Merzai Mohammad Sadiq , Salari Mohammad Wali , Kazimi Rahmatullah
Published: October 2024

To investigate the influence of planting distance and nitrogen fertilizer levels on yield and yield components of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars, a study was conducted in 2021 at the educational and research farm of the Daikundi Higher Education Institute. Employing a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Split-Plot arrangement with 2 replications, the research examined 4 planting distances (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) as the primary factor and 3 nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 50 and 100 kg N/ha) as the secondary factor. The analysis revealed that the highest seed yield for common beans, averaging 1220 kg/ha, was obtained with a planting distance of 25 cm and a nitrogen application rate of 100 kg N/ha. Conversely, the lowest yield, averaging 773 kg/ha, was recorded at the narrowest planting distance of 10 cm without nitrogen fertilization. Agronomic and physiological traits, such as increased total dry matter and leaf relative water content, were observed to positively correlate with grain yield in pinto beans. In contrast, reduced planting row spacing adversely affected seed yield, harvest index, phonological stages and other common bean characteristics, particularly at seeding stage. However, the application of 100 kg N/ha significantly improved certain measured traits. Based on these findings, the study recommends a combined agronomic practice of applying 100 kg N/ha and maintaining a planting row distance of 25 cm for optimal management of common bean crops in the Nili center of Daikundi province.
Characterizing organic biostimulants from Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) and assessing their stimulant potential on Zea mays (maize)
Authors: Vinothkumar Vadivel , Janaki Ponnusamy , Chitdeshwari Thiyagarajan , Parameswari Ettiyagounder , Suganthy Mariappan , Krishnan Ramanujam
Published: October 2024

Marine algae are rich in minerals and phytochemicals and are utilized in agriculture as biostimulants for plant growth after industrial extraction. Therefore, in the current study, red marine algae (RMA) were extracted using cow urine and water to produce suitable biostimulants for organic agriculture. The raw RMA and its extracts were characterized for nutrients and bioactive metabolites. The extracted RMA biostimulants were tested at different concentrations using maize species to optimize the most effective concentrations for growth promotion. Results showed that cow urine extracts (CUE) contained higher essential nutrients compared to aqueous extracts (AQE), with average extractions of 34% primary nutrients, 31% secondary nutrients, 10% micronutrients, and 5% heavy metals in CUE, and 3%, 6%, 6%, and 12% in AQE, respectively. Maize germination parameters were significantly higher at 2.5% concentration for both CUE and AQE solutions, and also performed well at 5% concentration. Germination percentage, energy, and index ranged from 25-35%, 20-30%, and 0.6-0.9%, respectively, with higher values observed with CUE. Seedling parameters such as seedling vigor index, length, and biomass were significantly higher with 7.5% CUE and 5% AQE. Similar results were observed for root traits, except for root tips, which were higher at 10%. The study suggests that concentrations of 5.0-7.5% for CUE and 2.5-5.0% for AQE are optimal for enhancing maize germination and seedling growth. Furthermore, cow urine-based extract of red marine algae at 5% and 7.5% concentrations showed superior performance compared to aqueous extract in promoting plant growth. These findings warrant further validation under field conditions to assess their impact on crop production and quality.
Nutrient nourishment through organic approach: a critical review on foliar nutrition
Authors: Chandan EM , Krishnan R , Parameswari E , Janaki P , Prabhukumar G
Published: October 2024

Nutrients play a pivotal role in the growth, development and overall health of plants. However, the widespread use of inorganic fertilizers in modern agriculture has led to significant environmental and health concerns, including soil degradation, water contamination and the disruption of beneficial soil microbiota. These issues underscore the urgency of exploring alternative, sustainable fertilization methods. This review critically examines the potential of organic fertilizers in addressing the nutritional deficiencies in soil that are exacerbated by the reliance on inorganic inputs. Our research hypothesizes that organic fertilizers not only replenish essential nutrients but also restore soil health by enhancing microbial diversity and activity. This hypothesis is significant and timely, given the growing global demand for sustainable agricultural practices. For the first time, our synthesis reveals overlooked interdisciplinary connections between soil microbiology, plant nutrition and sustainable agricultural economics, offering a novel perspective on the integration of organic fertilizers into mainstream agricultural practices. The breakthrough identified in this review lies in the comprehensive understanding of how organic fertilizers contribute to long-term soil fertility and crop productivity, beyond merely supplying nutrients. Moreover, this review identifies promising business opportunities in the development and commercialization of organic fertilizers tailored to specific crop and soil needs. Prospective directions for further research include the exploration of advanced organic formulations and the assessment of their economic viability on a large scale.
Stadtbibliothek Magdeburg ab 2014: Profilschärfung als Bildungshaus und städtisches Veranstaltungszentrum
Authors: Poenicke Cornelia
Published: October 2024

Der Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung der Stadtbibliothek Magdeburg – größte Öffentliche Bibliothek in Sachsen-Anhalt – ab 2014, geht dabei insbesondere auf die Herausforderungen der digitalen Gesellschaft ein und skizziert Lösungen, die Magdeburg gefunden hat, um sich zukunftsfest aufzustellen in einer Zeit, in der Bibliotheken nicht mehr das alleinige Monopol zum Verleih von (gedruckten) Medien haben und andere Angebote relevanter werden.