bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aggregation and Photoresponsive Behavior of Polyelectrolyte
Authors: Qiu Feng Xian , Zhang Qing , Yang Dong Ya
Published: November 2010

A novel polyelectrolyte (PLJY) was synthesized based on the azobenzene chromophore containing functional groups (-C=C-) and α-methacrylic acid by radical polymerization. The PLJY was characterized by FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The thermal property was characterized using the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The glass transition temperatures (Tg) was 179.1 oC and showed that the PLJY had excellent thermal stability. Influences of pH values on the UV-Vis absorption spectra of PLJY were studied and polyelectrolyte solution had good pH-sensitivity and H-aggregation behavior. The photoresponsive and thermochromism behaviors were investigated for the azo polyelectrolyte PLJY solution or film. By 256 nm excitation wavelength, the PLJY solution or film appeared photo responsive behavior. At high temperature, the PLJY solution had thermochromic behavior. These results showed that the polyelectrolyte had potential applications in optical information storage and optical switch.
A Study on the Piezoelectric Properties of PZT and Doped PZT Thin Films by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Byun Jin Moo , Han Jeong Sun , Park Jae Hyoung , Lee Seong Eui , Lee Hee Chul
Published: November 2010

This study examined the effect of crystalline orientation and dopants such as Nb and Zn on the piezoelectric coefficient of sol-gel driven Pb1(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT) and doped PZT thin films. Crack-free 1-μm-thick PZT and doped PZT thin films prepared by using 2-Methoxyethanol-based sol-gel method were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. The highly (111) oriented PZT thin films of pure perovskite structure could be obtained by controlling various parameters such as a PbTiO3 seed layer and a concentration of sol-gel solution. The Nb-Zn doped PZT thin films exhibited high piezoelectric coefficient which was about 50 % higher than that of undoped PZT thin film. The highest measured piezoelectric coefficient was 240 pC/N, which could be applicable to piezoelectrically operated MEMS actuator, sensor, or energy harvester devices.
Electronic Structures of Oligomers of Pyrrole
Authors: Zhai Bao Gai , Ma Qing Lan , Huang Yuan Ming
Published: November 2010

The electronic structures of oligomers of pyrrole have been calculated using the extended Hückel tight-binding program. The energy diagrams are shown for oligomers as the number of the repeating unit in the oligomers increases from 1 to 16. The relationship between the energy gap of the oligomers and the number of the repeating unit in the oligomers is established. Blue-green photoluminescence and electroluminescence from one-dimensional polypyrrole are predicted.
Design of Novel Conjugated Polymer Poly(cyclopenta-1,3-Diene)
Authors: Huang Yuan Ming , Ma Qing Lan
Published: November 2010

A novel linear conjugated polymer, poly(cyclopenta-1,3-diene), is designed. The electronic structures of poly(cyclopenta-1,3-diene) is calculated with extended Hückel tight binding program. The calculated band gap of the polymer is about 1.1 eV, which suggests this kind of conjugated polymer can be used in infrared optoelectronic devices.
Test Scheduling Method Based on Cellular Genetic Algorithm for System on Chip
Authors: Pan Zhong Liang , Chen Ling
Published: November 2010

The main aspects for the test of system on chip (SoC) are designing testability architectures and solving the test scheduling. The test time of SoC can be reduced by using good test scheduling schemes. A test scheduling method based on cellular genetic algorithm is presented in this paper. In the method, the individuals are used to represent the feasible solutions of the test scheduling problem, the individuals are distributed over a grid or connected graph, the genetic operations such as selection and mutation are applied locally in some neighborhood of each individual. The test scheduling schemes are obtained by carrying out the evolutionary operations for the populations. A lot of experiments are performed for the SoC benchmark circuits, the experimental results show that the better test scheduling schemes can be obtained by the method in this paper.
Preparation and Characterization of Conductive Polyaniline/Cerium Dioxide Composites
Authors: Huang Hui , Guo Zhong Cheng
Published: November 2010

Conductive polyaniline/cerium dioxide (PANI/CeO2) composites have been synthesized by in-situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of CeO2 nanoparticles. The structure and thermal stability of obtained composites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Fourier-transform Raman spectra (FT-Raman), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that PANI and CeO2 nanoparticles were not simply blended, and a strong interaction existed at the interface of CeO2 and PANI. In the PANI/CeO2 composite, the degree crystallinity of PANI increased and diffraction pattern of CeO2 was amorphous. And that the composites were more thermally stable than that of the pure PANI. Electrical conductivity measurements indicated that the conductivity of PANI/CeO2 composites was much higher than that of the pure PANI and the maximum conductivity obtained was 11.68 S/cm at 17.5 wt% of CeO2.
Transparent Conductive Electrode of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Prepared by Inkjet Printing Technique
Authors: Samad Wan Zurina , Salleh Muhamad Mat , Shafiee Ashkan , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: November 2010

Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films have been developed as alternatives to ITO for thin film transparent electrode applications. In this works, the FTO thin films were deposited using inkjet printing technique since the technique is a promising deposition method to fabricate low-cost devices. The FTO precursor was prepared by reacting SnCl4•5H2O and NH4F at 60oC in a sealed container. The thin films were deposited on glass substrates at 40oC with variations of printing layers. The optical and electrical properties of the films were affected by the number of printed layers. It was observed the four layers film has the optimum optical transmittance and sheet resistance which were 96 %T and 16.4 Ω/□ respectively.
Calculated Transmittance Spectra of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals
Authors: Huang Yuan Ming , Ma Qing Lan , Cai Yun Gao
Published: November 2010

The time-harmonic electromagnetic wave through the one-dimensional photonic crystals (1-D PCs) perpendicularly has been considered. By theoretical calculation with characteristic matrix method, the dispersion curves and the transmittance spectra were calculated. From the dispersion curves, it shown that the lowest band gap is at frequencies between 0.23~0.32, i.e. it is around 0.27. In addition, according to the transmittance spectra, it shown that the transmittance declined from 40.6% to 0 dramatically along with the periodicity N of the periodically stratified medium increased from 2 to 1024, it also exhibited that when the periodicity N was upped to 8, it could form 1-D PCs.
Transmission Spectra of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Single Defect in Different Locations
Authors: Zhai Bao Gai , Cai Yun Gao , Ma Qing Lan , Huang Yuan Ming
Published: November 2010

The transmittance spectra of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1-D PCs) with single defect in different location have been calculated. Defined the parameter N as the number of the layers located to the left of the single defect, set 13 as the number of the total layers of the 1-D PCs included the defect, during the course of the number of N increased from 0 to 12, as it upped to 3, there occurred defect band gap in the stop band gap, and when N upped to 12, the defect band gap disappeared; besides, the defect band gap is at frequencies between 0.3000~0.3090, most of them are at the frequencies around 0.3020. In addition, the transmittance has a turning point at the parameter N=7, that is to say, there has an approximate symmetry in transmittance when the parameter N increased from 3 to 11.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Fluorescence Property of Terbium Coordination Polymers with Pyridine-3.5-Dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Shi Qi Song , Hu Ben Feng , Liang Qiu Yan , Liu Tai Qi
Published: November 2010

Rare-earth metal-organic frameworks [Tb2(pdc)3(H2O)9]n3nH2O, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound consisted of one-dimensional dual-chains, in which each metal atom is nine-coordinated with oxygen atoms. The carboxylate groups of pdc provided two kinds of coordination ways as bidentate and monodentate. The solid-state photoluminescence measurement exhibited green light-emitting characteristic of terbium (III) coordination polymer, and the fluorescence intensities were stronger than that of the europium compound with the same ligand.
Transmission Spectra of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with a Centered Defect
Authors: Zhai Bao Gai , Cai Yun Gao , Huang Yuan Ming
Published: November 2010

In this letter, characteristic matrix method was used to calculate the transmittance spectra of the one-dimensional photonic crystals (1-DPCs) with single defects in the center. From altering the refractive indexes n2’ and n3’ respectively for the defect, the transmittance spectra were calculated. From them, it shown that for the certain numerical value n3’=5.0, during the course of n2’ increased from 1.1 to 3.5, when it upped to 2.0, there occurred defect band gap in the stop band gap, and the defect band gap is at frequencies between 0.24~0.30. Besides, for n2’ =2.0, when n3’ increased from 1.1 to 3.5, there also occurred defect band gap in the stop band gap, and the defect band gap is at frequencies between 0.26~0.32. In addition, in these two progresses, the transmittance increased firstly and then decreased in the defect band gap.
Study on Amphiphilic Molecules’ Self-Assembling into Lamellar Phase Process
Authors: Huang Yuan Ming , Liu Wei Wei
Published: November 2010

Amphiphilic molecules self-assemble lamellar phase process in lyotropic liquid crystal formed by liquid dishwash was investigated with optical microscopy as concentration increases from its isotropic phase to its lamellar phase. We demonstrated that liquid dishwash molecules could assemble themselves into lamellar phase when their concentration increases between one pieces of glass substrate. We discussed the formative processes of Maltese-cross structure and phase transition from isotropic to lamellar phase.
Effect of Magnetic Field on Shear Stress of Disklike Nematic Liquid Crystalline Polymer
Authors: Fu Shu Fang , Bai Jing , Qu Xiu Rong
Published: November 2010

The effect of magnetic field on shear stress of disklike nematic liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) is analyzed with the extended Doi theory in which the molecular shape parameter is defined at negative one. The evolution equation for the probability function of the LCP molecules is solved without any closure approximations. It can be seen that the shear rate regions of the sign changes of the time-averaged first normal stress differences are completely contrary with those conclusions achieved for the rodlike LCPs.
Experimental Fabrication of Small Flat-Panel Field Emission Lamp with Printed Carbon Nanotubes as Field Emitters
Authors: Li Cong , Wang Zhen
Published: November 2010

With effective screen-printing technique, the flat-panel field emission lamp (FPFEL) based on carbon nanotube as cold cathode material was fabricated. The prepared CNT paste was printed on the cathode glass plate to form the field emitter and sealed into the device vacuum room of FPFEL. For improving the display image uniformity, the discrete anode indium tin oxide (ITO) zones method was adopted, and the anode voltage could be applied through the silver anode connecting line for the different anode ITO zones. The anode insulation wall was fabricated to support the anode glass plate, which the deforming of anode glass plate would be avoided. The emission image for the small vacuum-sealed FPFEL with printed carbon nanotube as field emitters was presented. The fully-sealed FPFEL possessed high luminance brightness and better field emission uniformity.
Preparation, Morphological Characteristics and Electro-Optic Property of Polyimide and Hybrid
Authors: Wu Guang Yu , Wang Hai Bo , Yao Cheng , Qiu Feng Xian
Published: November 2010

Nonlinear optical (NLO) polyimide and a series of polyimide/silica nanohybrids were synthesized from 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), NLO molecule 4-(4’- nitrophenyl-2-yl) phenyl-1,3-diamine, coupling agent and TEOS via sol-gel method. The TEOS content in the hybrids was varied from 0 to 22.5 wt%. The prepared hybrids were characterized by FT-IR, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the decomposition temperature (Td) at 5 % mass loss were in the range 232~365 °C and 335~475 °C, respectively. The results showed that the prepared materials had excellent thermal stabilities. The electro-optic coefficients (γ33) at 832 nm were in the range of 19-34 pm/V and the values remained well. The experimental results indicate that the prepared thin films have good candidate for electro-optical applications.
Effect of C60 on the Photovoltaic Properties of Polypyrrole-C60 Heterojunctions
Authors: Zhou Fu Fang , Ma Qing Lan , She Zhuo Ran , Huang Yuan Ming , Pan Chun Xu
Published: November 2010

We report here a series of polypyrrole/C60-H3PO4 two-layer photovoltaic cells fabricated by varying the C60 ratio with regard to polypyrrole. It is found that a slight amount of C60 can remarkably improve photovoltaic properties by four orders of magnitude; with C60 ratio the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current increase, and at higher C60 ratio the photovoltaic working threshold is lowered too, the cell can even work efficiently in dark, more approaching the efficiency under strong illumination. The optimized device yields 1.2 V open-circuit voltage and 14 μA/cm2 short-circuit current, and a power conversion efficiency 0.01%. Our results show that polypyrrole is a potentially good material for photovoltaic cells. The effect of C60 in combination with polypyrrole is discussed.
Porous Silicon Based Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Yuan Ming , Ma Qing Lan , Meng Ming , Zhai Bao Gai
Published: November 2010

The primary aim of this communication is to introduce a novel approach of preparation of solar cell, viz. PS based solar cell, which is on the basis of the basic principle of the well established photovoltaic effect. We carefully investigate the current-voltage characteristics of the PS-based solar cell by virtue of performing the measurement of both current and voltage of PS-based solar cell under the condition of the sunlight irradiation and priori to sunlight irradiation in the purpose of observing clearly the photovoltaic effect possessed by the PS based solar cell. Judging by the results obtained in this paper, we can safely draw the conclusion that porous silicon is a good candidate material for the preparation of solar cell, that is to say that our study is giving high hope for the industrial production of high efficient PS-based thin film solar cells.
Effect of Dy Ions on Optical Properties of Sr0.985-X Al2O4: Eu2+0.015Dy3+x Phosphors
Authors: Huang Yuan Ming , Guo Ye Tang
Published: November 2010

A series of long persistent phosphors Sr0.985-x Al2O4 : Eu2+0.015Dy3+x (X=0.000, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030, 0.040) were prepared through a combustion method at 600oC. We found that all the series of samples have good long afterglow properties by the naked eye. Then we use the laser to stimulate phosphors at 325nm, and their emission spectrums were tested by a spectrograph. We can found that the main emission peaks of all samples are all results from the 4f65d  4f7 (8S7/2) transition of Eu2+ instead of the 4f7 (6P7/2)  4f7 (8S7/2) transition of Eu2+ ions located about 515nm. In addition, the afterglow characteristic of all samples was investigated. Our results show that each decay curve consists of a rapid decay part followed by a long slow one and all samples have the same afterglow mechanism. And the Dy ions play an important role on the afterglow process.
Preparation and Characterization of Silicon Nanowire Arrays for Solar Cell
Authors: Yang Wen Bin , Wun Jun , Wei Ming , Wang Chao , Xie Chang Qiong
Published: November 2010

Large-area silicon nanowire arrays (SiNWs) were prepared by etching silicon substrate in HF/AgNO3 system solution at near room temperature. Morphology of SiNWs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that morphology of SiNWs could be influenced by solution ratio, temperature and reaction time in the hydrothermal system. The length of SiNWs was about 30-40 μm, and the diameter of SiNWs was in the range of 100-300 nm. SiNWs owned strong optical absorption capacity and could be used for application in solar cell.
Synthesis by Stille Cross-Coupling Procedure and Electrochemical Characterization of Branched Polymers Based on Substituted 1,3,5-Triarylbenzenes
Authors: Idzik Krzysztof R. , Beckert Rainer , Tauscher Eric , Ledwon Przemyslaw , Golba Sylwia , Lapkowski Mieczyslaw , Rapta Peter , Dunsch Lothar , Frydel Jaroslaw
Published: November 2010

A series of various substituted 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes, 2,4,6-triaryl-1-phenoles, 1,3,5-triaryl-1-methoxybenzenes and 2,4,6-triaryl-1,3,5-trimethoxybenzenes were synthesized by a Stille cross-coupling procedure. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. Containing thienyl, furyl and EDOT groups polymers obtained in the process of electropolymerization could be carefully considered as a building material in a wide range of organic-electronic devices. We compare properties of monomers and related polymers depending on aryls moieties and their influence of hydroxyl and methoxyl groups attached to the central benzene core.
Self-Assembly of ABC-Type Amphiphilic Fluorinated Triblock Copolymers in Different Mixed Solutions
Authors: Tang Xin De , Xu Jing
Published: November 2010

The behavior of amphiphilic block copolymers in solution has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this paper, the self-assembly behaviors of the amphiphilic fluorinated ABC-type triblock copolymer (MeOPEO16-PSt220-PFHEA22) in different mixed solutions were studied. Also, the effect of ionic concentration on the self-assembly aggregates of the copolymer in toluene-ethanol-water was studied.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Doped TiO2 Nano-Crystals by Nonaqueous Synthesis
Authors: Li Chu Feng , Yue Ling , Jin Wen , Zhang Ting , Wang Huan , Xu Qiong , Wang Jia Wei , Shi Jing , Xiong Rui , Yin Di
Published: November 2010

Ti1-xFexO2 nanocrystals with x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 were prepared via a nonaqueous synthesis route. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy characterization confirmed the formation of anatase-phase nanocrystals with the average crystallite sizes of around 10 nm. The lattice constants alternate with the increase of the Fe content and no iron clusters were generated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed that the substitutional Fe ions present mainly the valence of +3. The magnetic hysteresis loops measured at room temperature (RT) 300K showed that all the doped samples are atypically ferromagnetic, and the coercivity (Hc) of all the Fe-doping samples is around 0.1 T. An interpretation for the intrinsic RT ferromagnetism is put up based on the free carriers and defects induced interaction between Fe3+ ions.
Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Graphene-ZnS Nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Hua , Yu Hai Hu , Zhou Ling De , Gu Er Dan , Jiang De Sheng
Published: November 2010

Hybrid Graphene-ZnS nanopaticles (G-ZnS NPs) were prepared by using a solvothermal method. A dispersion of graphite oxide (GO) and zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O) in dimethl sulfoxide (DMSO) reacted at 180 °C for 12 h in a Telfon-lined stainless steel autoclave. In the reaction, DMSO serves as a sulphide source as well as a reducing agent, resulting formation of the hybrid G-ZnS NPs in one-step. Hybrid G-ZnS NPs were characterized by using a powder X-ray diffractometer, a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, a transmission electron microscope, a UV-vis spectrophotometer and a fluorescence spectrophotometer, respectively. In the FTIR spectra, the GO related stretching bands of C-O and carboxyl groups are not observed in the spectra of G-ZnS, suggesting that the GO sheets were reduced to graphene sheets. In the TEM images, it is observed that the ZnS nanoparticles with an average size of 23 nm are attached onto the graphene sheets. The UV-vis absorption spectrum of the G-ZnS NPs dispersed in ethanol has an absorption peak of G at 261 nm and a weak shoulder of ZnS NPs around 320 nm. The broadening and weakening of the peak of ZnS NPs at 320 nm arises from the interparticle coupling effect. Under excitation at 225 nm, a peak around 386 nm and other weaker bands appear in the fluorescence spectrum of the G-ZnS. The band at 386 nm is attributed to zinc vacancies.
Preparation and Characterization of Europium(III) Complexes with Cinnamic Acid by Microwave Process
Authors: Wan Man Hua , Liu Xiao Hong
Published: November 2010

A novel material synthesis technique, microwave process was investigated for the production of phosphor powders. In this study, we have developed a new method to product phosphor powders, and applied this process into two materials fabrication. EuDL3 where L is cinnamic acid (C6H5CH = CHCOOH, HL), D = 2, 9-dimethyl-1, 10-phenantroline (dmp), or 2, 2'-bipyridine (bipy) phosphor powders were successfully synthesized by microwave process. The process takes only 24 min to obtain two phosphor powders. The process takes only 24 min to obtain two phosphor powders. The resultant phosphor powders were investigated by TG-DTA, IR, luminescence spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that the two materials is significant different, compared to micrographs of scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Molecular Simulation of Hydrogen Storage on All-Silica ZSM-5 Zeolite
Authors: Du Xiao Ming , Wu Er Dong
Published: November 2010

Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method was employed to simulate the adsorption properties of molecular hydrogen on crossing the critical temperature in all-silica ZSM-5 zeolite in this paper. The results indicated that the adsorbed amounts of hydrogen increased with decreasing temperatures and increasing pressures. The highest hydrogen uptake value is 2.24 wt% at 25 K and 10000 kPa. By comparing the variation of the hydrogen adsorption isotherms on crossing the critical temperature, it is shown that the micropore filling and capillary condensation were the main adsorption mechanism under the critical temperature of hydrogen, and the micropore filling was the adsorption mechanism above the critical temperature. The results and data of hydrogen adsorption properties obtained from the simulations are theoretically significant for understanding of the mechanism of hydrogen storage on microporous zeolites.
Composite Material of Glass Fiber Powder Reinforced Plastic Coating
Authors: Zhang Juan , Su Hai Jun , Yu Jiang
Published: November 2010

Direct at the anticorrosive problem of the pipeline, especially inner wall of the small-caliber pipe, we conceived and designed a new anticorrosion glass fiber powder reinforced plastic (GFRP) coating material. The reinforced material is GFRP powder, but not traditional fiber glass cloth or short glass fiber. This material assures perfect physical and chemical properties of traditional GFRP and ensures good coating fluidity for it at the same time. By experiment, raw materials of GFRP coating, their best formula and the fiber glass’s dispersion technology and parameters were determined. Drying time, thickness, abrasion resistance, adhesion, flexibility, heat resistance, and chemical resistance of coating were tested.
Bending Angle Estimated Based on Inherent Strain Theory during Laser Forming
Authors: Zhou Jing , Shen Hong
Published: November 2010

Laser forming process analyzed under thermo-elasto-plastic finite element method can better understand the forming mechanism. However, it is very time consuming. This paper introduced the prediction of the deformation in laser forming based on the theory of inherent strain by finite element method (FEM). The relations between inherent strains and laser forming parameters based on some experimental curves and the thermo-elasto-plastic analysis can be determined, in which the inherent strains are assumed to be distributed in a rectangle shape. This method is much more convenient because only elastic analysis is involved. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through the comparison with the experimental data.
One Step Solvothermal Synthesis of Flower-Like β-In2S3 Microstructures
Authors: Deng Chong Hai , Hu Han Mei , Shao Guo Quan
Published: November 2010

Uniform 3D flower-like β-In2S3 microstructures were synthesized using InCl3·4H2O and KSCN as starting reagents in ethylene glycol at 200-220°C for 30h under solvothermal conditions. The prepared products were characterized by various techniques, such as XRD, XPS, FESEM, TEM and ED. FESEM and TEM observation reveals that the as-prepared flower-like β-In2S3 microstructures are assembled by plate-like nanocrystals with average thickness of 10nm. These nanoplates interconnect with each other to form an entangled network-like architecture with irregular-shaped pore in the flower-like β-In2S3 microstructures. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum indicates that the synthesized β-In2S3 porous micro spheres have shown considerably greater quantum size effects.
A 2D Simulation of Grain Boundary Geometry for Normal Grain Growth
Authors: Luo Xun , Zhao Wei
Published: November 2010

This paper proposed a new 2D method to simulate the microstructure for normal grain growth of polycrystalline materials. In this method, the sample was discretized into geometry points and a straightforward geometric construction was implemented to estimate whether the current point was located at the interior of a certain grown grain. The ceramics material was assumed isotropic; furthermore, the single-phase and two-phase systems without pores were discussed respectively. So each grain core would grow up at the same velocity in all directions until it met another growing core in single-phase systems, while in two-phase systems, there would be two sorts of cores with different growing velocities. The ratio of these different velocities was the key factor of the sample microstructures after sintering. The simulation results and the analysis showed that the proposed method agree well with the experimental observation.
Oxidized Phospholipids Are More Potent Antagonists of Lipopolysaccharide than Inducers of Inflammation
Authors: Oskolkova Olga V. , Afonyushkin Taras , Preinerstorfer Beatrix , Bicker Wolfgang , von Schlieffen Elena , Hainzl Eva , Demyanets Svitlana , Schabbauer Gernot , Lindner Wolfgang , Tselepis Alexandros D. , Wojta Johann , Binder Bernd R. , Bochkov Valery N.
Published: November 2010

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are precursors of multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules generated by enzymatic stereospecific and positionally specific insertion of oxygen, which is a prerequisite for recognition of these mediators by cellular receptors. However, nonenzymatically oxidized free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids also demonstrate activities relevant to inflammation. In particular, phospholipids containing oxidized fatty acid residues (oxidized phospholipids; OxPLs) were shown to induce proinflammatory changes in endothelial cells but paradoxically also to inhibit inflammation induced via TLR4. In this study, we show that half-maximal inhibition of LPS-induced elevation of E-selectin mRNA in endothelial cells developed at concentrations of oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) 10-fold lower than those required to induce proinflammatory response. Similar concentration difference was observed for other classes and molecular species of OxPLs. Upon injection into mice, OxPAPC did not elevate plasma levels of IL-6 and keratinocyte chemoattractant but strongly inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of these inflammatory cytokines. Thus, both in vitro and in vivo, anti-LPS effects of OxPLs are observed at lower concentrations than those required for their proinflammatory action. Quantification of the most abundant oxidized phosphatidylcholines by HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry showed that circulating concentrations of total oxidized phosphatidylcholine species are close to the range where they demonstrate anti-LPS activity but significantly lower than that required for induction of inflammation. We hypothesize that low levels of OxPLs in circulation serve mostly anti-LPS function and protect from excessive systemic response to TLR4 ligands, whereas proinflammatory effects of OxPLs are more likely to develop locally at sites of tissue deposition of OxPLs (e.g., in atherosclerotic vessels).
Cutting Edge: Intrinsic Programming of Thymic γδT Cells for Specific Peripheral Tissue Localization
Authors: Jin Yan , Xia Mingcan , Saylor Christina M. , Narayan Kavitha , Kang Joonsoo , Wiest David L. , Wang Yanming , Xiong Na
Published: November 2010

Various innate-like T cell subsets preferentially reside in specific epithelial tissues as the first line of defense. However, mechanisms regulating their tissue-specific development are poorly understood. Using the prototypical skin intraepithelial γδT cells (sIELs) as a model, we show in this study that a TCR-mediated selection plays an important role in promoting acquisition of a specific skin-homing property by fetal thymic sIEL precursors for their epidermal location, and the skin-homing potential is intrinsically programmed even before the selection. In addition, once localized in the skin, the sIEL precursors develop into sIELs without the requirement of further TCR–ligand interaction. These studies reveal that development of the tissue-specific lymphocytes is a hard-wired process that targets them to specific tissues for proper functions.
‘What’s on the other side?’ The resurrection revived: A critical enquiry
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Hanré , Van Eck Ernest
Published: November 2010

In a fear-filled world people are asking – perhaps more than ever – what happens after we die. This popular fascination with the end, with death and with what (if anything) lies beyond it has also influenced the theme and the direction of academic work in the theological field. For this reason, an informed analysis of the resurrection debate has become necessary – a process of analysing the different strata of understanding as they relate to current resurrection research. An effort is made to give consideration to gender and power, to birth and burial, to money and food in order to be able to situate the debates being studied. The current study asks: What if we see things differently or ask a different set of questions? In order for this to be possible, we need to develop an ethics of interpretation – not asking the expected questions, but rather: What interests and frameworks inform the questions we ask and the way in which we interpret our sources? How does scholarship echo (and even participate in) contemporary public discourses about Christian identity?
Surface Modification of Press Dies Used in a Powder Metallurgical Production Process
Authors: Tillmann Wolfgang , Vogli Evelina , Momeni Siavash
Published: November 2010

Cold compaction in a press die and subsequent sintering of diamond particles, homogeneously distributed in a metallic powder as matrix, is one of the most economic ways for the production of diamond composites, used widely for cutting very hard materials like stone and glass. Owing to the very high hardness of diamonds, the wear of the press die is considerably high and because of a short life time, press tools must be substituted regularly. Recently, through plasma nitriding process and deposition of thin solid films, the wear resistance of the press dies has been significantly increased. This work aims at the investigation of the influence of roughness, friction coefficient, and hardness of the inner surface of various dies, which have been modified in different ways, on the physical properties of the compacted diamond segments. It was evidenced that improving the mechanical and tribological properties of the die surface leads to an increase of the hardness and density of the diamond composites produced.
Shaped Coarse Grained Refractories by Pressure Slip Casting
Authors: Klippel Uwe , Aneziris Christos G. , Metzger Annika J.
Published: November 2010

The possibility of pressure slip casting of carbon free refractory suspensions with optimized grain size distributions and particle diameters in the range of millimeters is investigated. The slip flow ability is examined by conducting experiments with a newly developed falling sphere viscometer. Segregation is determined by microscopy on polished samples and computer tomography. Fundamental characteristics of cake filtration are adopted to highlight the significant influences on the pressure slip casting process. Based on the laboratory experiments the results of scale up trails are presented which were conducted with a commercial pressure slip casting machine, remodeled for suspensions containing coarse grains.
Phase Contrast X‐Ray Tomographic Microscopy for Biological and Materials Science Applications
Authors: McDonald Samuel A. , Marone Federica , Hintermüller Christoph , Mikuljan Gordan , David Christian , Stampanoni Marco
Published: November 2010

The application of two approaches for high‐throughput, high‐resolution X‐ray phase contrast tomographic imaging being used at the tomographic microscopy and coherent radiology experiments (TOMCAT) beamline of the SLS is discussed and illustrated. Differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging, using a grating interferometer and a phase‐stepping technique, is integrated into the beamline environment at TOMCAT in terms of the fast acquisition and reconstruction of data and the availability to scan samples within an aqueous environment. A second phase contrast method is a modified transfer of intensity approach that can yield the 3D distribution of the decrement of the refractive index of a weakly absorbing object from a single tomographic dataset. The two methods are complementary to one another: the DPC method is characterised by a higher sensitivity and by moderate resolution with larger samples; the modified transfer of intensity approach is particularly suited for small specimens when high resolution (around 1 µm) is required. Both are being applied to investigations in the biological and materials science fields.
Benefits of X‐Ray CMT for the Modeling of C/C Composites
Authors: Coindreau Olivia , Mulat Christianne , Germain Christian , Lachaud Jean , Vignoles Gerard L.
Published: November 2010

C/C composites have application in very demanding areas like aerospace, fusion technology, etc. and thus their optimization is crucial, both in the control of processing routes and in the prediction of their behavior in use. Intense modeling efforts have been performed in these directions. To help a direct application on actual materials, with possibly complex reinforcement architectures, X‐ray computerized micro‐tomography (CMT) is a beneficial technique, since it allows producing extremely detailed representations of these architectures. However, there is a long way from the crude X‐ray projections to the information that is directly usable in C/C composite modeling. This paper summarizes several achievements in this domain and discusses the obtained results, concerning (i) composites imaging by phase contrast CMT and holographic CMT, (ii) evaluation of effective geometrical and transfer properties in fiber arrangements and actual fiber‐reinforced composites, (iii) modeling of degradation by ablation, and (iv) modeling of processing by chemical vapor infiltration.
The Impact of Pore Size and Pore Connectivity on Single‐Phase Fluid Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Jiang Zeyun , Wu Kejian , Couples Gary D. , Ma Jingsheng
Published: November 2010

The analysis of the 3D microstructure of porous materials is of importance in multiple disciplines, such as reservoir engineering and environmental science. We have developed a suite of methods to characterize the geometry and topology of pore systems from 3D images of samples, allowing us to extract pore network representations for use in network flow models that predict single‐/multi‐phase fluid flow properties. Using these methods, we have investigated geometric and topological factors that have a major impact on the flow prediction. The parameters that describe the geometric and topological characteristics are directly related to the fluid flow properties of the medium. By arbitrarily and independently altering the pore sizes and the connectivity, we show that pore connectivity is the most important influence on the permeability, with the pore size also being important. The work reported here has general relevance in the prediction of properties from 3D images, because of the issue of image artifacts, since mis‐assignment of solid/pore can lead to significant changes in predicted properties, especially for coarse‐resolution images.
Residues at the Indole‐NH of LE300 Modulate Affinities and Selectivities for Dopamine Receptors
Authors: Robaa Dina , Kretschmer Robert , Siol Oliver , AbulAzm Shams ElDin , ElKhawass ElSayeda , Lehmann Jochen , Enzensperger Christoph
Published: November 2010

To further investigate SAR in the class of azecine‐type dopamine receptor antagonists, we synthesized a series of derivatives, substituted at the indole‐NH of the lead compound LE300 by different alkyl chains in addition to phenylpropyl, allyl, propargyl, and acetyl residues. The affinities of the target compounds for all human dopamine receptors (D1–D5) were investigated by radioligand binding assay and their functionality by a calcium assay. Both the affinities and selectivities for the dopamine receptors were found to be affected by the nature of the substituent. The N14‐methylated derivative displayed the highest affinities for all D‐receptors. In general, the affinities decreased with increasing chain length of the N‐alkyl. Different substituents, partly led to altered affinity, and selectivity profile when compared with our lead LE300.
Prognostic importance of the gross classification of hepatocellular carcinoma in living donor-related liver transplantation
Authors: Shirabe K , Aishima S , Taketomi A , Soejima Y , Uchiyama H , Kayashima H , Ninomiya M , Mano Y , Maehara Y
Published: November 2010

Background

The gross classification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported to be a significant prognostic factor for patients with HCC undergoing partial hepatectomy. The present study investigated whether the gross classification of HCC is also a prognostic factor in living donor-related liver transplantation (LDLT).

Methods

Some 119 patients undergoing LDLT for HCC were identified retrospectively from a prospective institutional database containing information on all LDLTs carried out between 1996 and 2009. Patients were divided into three groups according to the gross classification of the largest tumour in the explanted liver: type 1 HCC, single nodular type (81 patients); type 2, single nodular type with extranodular growth (21); and type 3, contiguous multinodular type (17). Clinicopathological factors and recurrence-free survival rates were compared.

Results

Recurrence-free survival rates for the whole group were 87·7 per cent at 1 year, 83·5 per cent at 3 years and 81·0 per cent at 5 years after LDLT. Type 3 HCC was associated with large tumour size, poor histological grade, a high incidence of microvascular invasion and multiple tumours. Independent predictors of poor recurrence-free survival were preoperative serum level of des-γ-carboxy prothrombin exceeding 300 mAU/ml, microvascular invasion and type 3 HCC.

Conclusion

The gross classification of HCC was an independent predictor for recurrence of HCC in patients undergoing LDLT.
Volume analysis of outcome following restorative proctocolectomy
Authors: Burns E M , Bottle A , Aylin P , Clark S K , Tekkis P P , Darzi A , Nicholls R J , Faiz O
Published: November 2010

Background

This observational study aimed to determine national provision and outcome following pouch surgery (restorative proctocolectomy, RPC) and to examine the effect of institutional and surgeon caseload on outcome.

Methods

All patients undergoing primary RPC between April 1996 and March 2008 in England were identified from the administrative database Hospital Episode Statistics. Institutions and surgeons were categorized according to the total RPC caseload performed over the study interval.

Results

Some 5771 primary elective pouch procedures were undertaken at 154 National Health Service hospital trusts. Median follow-up was 65 (interquartile range (i.q.r.) 28–106) months. The 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 0·5 per cent and the 1-year overall mortality rate 1·5 per cent. Some 30·5 per cent of trusts performed fewer than two procedures per year, and 91·4 per cent of surgical teams (456 of 499) carried out 20 or fewer RPCs over 8 years. Median surgeon volume was 4 (i.q.r. 1–9) cases. Failure occurred in 6·4 per cent of cases. Low-volume surgeons operated on more patients at the extremes of age (P < 0·001) and a lower proportion with ulcerative colitis (P < 0·001). Older age, increasing co-morbidity, increasing social deprivation, and both lower provider and surgeon caseload were independent predictors of longer length of stay. Older patient age and low institutional volume status were independent predictors of failure.

Conclusion

Many English institutions and surgeons carry out extremely low volumes of RPC surgery. Case selection differed significantly between high- and low-volume surgeons. Institutional volume and older age were positively associated with increased pouch failure.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyanoplatinate Halides — Synthesis, Crystal Structure Analyses and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Compounds A2[Pt(CN)4X2] (A: Rb, Cs; X: Cl, Br, I).
Authors: Muehle Claus , Nuss Juergen , Dinnebier Robert E. , Jansen Martin
Published: November 2010

The crystal structures of compounds (IIIa,c,e,f) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Monodispersed Wurtzite Structure CuInSe2 Nanocrystals and Their Application in High‐Performance Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Photodetectors.
Authors: Wang Jian‐Jun , Wang Yong‐Qing , Cao Fei‐Fei , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wan Li‐Jun
Published: November 2010

High quality CuInSe2 nanocrystals with monodispersed size and uniform hexagonal shape are synthesized from mixtures of Cu‐oleate (obtained by reacting CuCl2 and sodium oleate dissolved in EtOH/H2O/hexane at 70 °C for 4 h), InCl3, Ph2Se2, and oleylamine (255 °C, 1.5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Solution Route to PbSe Films with Enhanced Thermoelectric Transport Properties.
Authors: Sun Zhengliang , Liufu Shengcong , Chen Xihong , Chen Lidong
Published: November 2010

High‐quality PbSe films are synthesized from solutions of Pb(NO3)2, nitrilotriacetic acid, ascorbic acid, and Na2SeSO3 (70 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Figure‐of‐Merit in Se‐Doped p‐Type AgSbTe2 Thermoelectric Compound.
Authors: Du Baoli , Li Han , Xu Jingjing , Tang Xinfeng , Uher Ctirad
Published: November 2010

AgSbSexTe2‐x samples with x ≥ 0.02 form a homogeneous single‐phase solid solution and exhibit considerably larger electrical conductivity compared with that of x = 0 and x = 0.01 samples in the temperature range of 400—700 K.
ChemInform Abstract: A Nanostructured SiAl0.2O Anode Material for Lithium Batteries.
Authors: Jeong Goojin , Kim Young‐Ugk , Krachkovskiy Sergey A. , Lee Churl Kyoung
Published: November 2010

Nanostructured SiAl0.2O is mechanochemically synthesized from mixtures of SiO and elemental Al powders and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Penta‐, Hepta‐, and Octaiodide Anions in Salts with Alkaline Earth Metal Crown Ether Cations.
Authors: Walbaum Christine , Pantenburg Ingo , Meyer Gerd
Published: November 2010

The crystal structures of (II), (IV), and (VI) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Uranium—Oxalate Fullerene Topology Cage Clusters.
Authors: Ling Jie , Wallace Christine M. , Szymanowski Jennifer E. S. , Burns Peter C.
Published: November 2010

As revealed by single crystal XRD compound (III) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m with Z = 2 and (V) in the orthorhombic space group Cmca with Z = 4.
ChemInform Abstract: Pb2Fe2V4O15 — A New Phase Forming in the System FeVO4—Pb2V2O7.
Authors: Blonska‐Tabero Anna
Published: November 2010

The new title compound is prepared by reaction between FeVO4 and Pb2V2O7 at a molar ratio of 2:1 (570 °C, 60 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Catalytic Enantioselective C—C Bond Forming Reactions with Very High Catalyst Turnover Numbers.
Authors: Pelphrey Philip , Hansen Joern , Davies Huw M. L.
Published: November 2010

A combination of donor—acceptor‐substituted rhodium carbenoid catalysts with solvent‐free reaction conditions is used to significantly enhance the turnover numbers (TON) in Rh‐catalyzed C—C bond formation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Investigation of Wall Effects in Microwave‐Assisted Ring‐Closing Metathesis and Cyclotrimerization Reactions.
Authors: Dallinger Doris , Irfan Muhammed , Suljanovic Amra , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: November 2010

The reactions are studied under microwave and conventional conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Sulfoxides as Activators of Allyl Trichlorosilanes in the Stereoselective Allylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: De Sio Vincenzo , Massa Antonio , Scettri Arrigo
Published: November 2010

Chiral methyl tolyl sulfoxide is used as an efficient activator in the asymmetric allylation of various aldehydes with allyl trichlorosilanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Addition of Aliphatic Aldehydes to Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Wang Jun , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: November 2010

Compared to a formerly described reaction of aromatic aldehydes, the additional phosphine ligand causes a complete change of chemoselectivity to the use of aliphatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Functionalized Imidates.
Authors: Husmann Ralph , Na Yun S. , Bolm Carsten , Chang Sukbok
Published: November 2010

A four‐component, one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of α‐functionalized imidates under mild conditions from readily available alkynes, sulfonyl azides, alcohols, and nitroalkenes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Promoted Synthesis of Substituted 1‐Halo‐1,4‐pentadienes by Reaction of 1,3‐Diarylpropenes with Ethynylbenzenes via sp3 C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Mo Hanjie , Bao Weiliang
Published: November 2010

The products can be converted into other interesting compounds such as the dienyne (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions: Carbonylative Heck Reactions to Give Chalcones.
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: November 2010

The first carbonylative Heck reactions of aryl and alkenyl triflate derivatives with carbon monoxide and aromatic olefins proceed in the presence of palladium catalysts generated in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Aziridination and Unexpected Homologation of Aziridines from Imines.
Authors: Branco Paula Serio , Raje Vivek Prabhakar , Dourado Jorge , Gordo Joana
Published: November 2010

Aziridination and homologation reaction of N‐sulfonylimines are easily achieved by the present new, very simple, rapid and mild procedure using diazomethane as carbene source without any catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of Natural Benzofuran Neolignans and Analogues.
Authors: Duan Xin‐Fang , Shen Gang , Zhang Zhan‐Bin
Published: November 2010

An efficient total synthesis of naturally occurring neolignans such as (VIIa) and non‐natural analogues (VIId) and (VIII) is achieved from readily available aldehydes (I) and (II).