bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and approval of the nutritional warnings’ policy in Peru: Milestones, key stakeholders, and policy drivers for its approval
Authors: Diez-Canseco Francisco , Cavero Victoria , Alvarez Cano Juan , Saavedra-Garcia Lorena , Taillie Lindsey Smith , Dillman Carpentier Francesca R. , Miranda J. Jaime
Published: June 2023

Nutritional warnings are used as a public health strategy to address obesity. Peru approved in 2013 and implemented in 2019 a law requiring nutritional warnings on the marketing and packaging of processed foods high in sugar, sodium, saturated fat, and containing trans-fat. The complexity behind the design and approval of these policies over six years provides unique learnings, that inform the obesity prevention context, especially when proposed policies face strong opposition from powerful stakeholders. Our study aims to describe the milestones and key stakeholders’ roles and stances during the nutritional warnings policy design in Peru, and to identify and analyze the main drivers of policy change that explain its approval. In 2021, interviews were conducted with 25 key informants closely involved in its design. Interviews were analyzed using the Kaleidoscope Model as a theoretical framework. Relevant policy documents and news were also analyzed. Milestones for this policy included the approval of the Law, Regulation, and Manual. Policy supporters were mainly from Congress, civil society advocates, and Health Ministers. Opponents came from Congress, ministries linked to the economic sector, the food industry, and media. Across the years, warnings evolved from a single text, to traffic lights, to the approved black octagons. Main challenges included the strong opposition of powerful stakeholders, the lack of agreement for defining the appropriate evidence supporting nutritional warning parameters and design, and the political instability of the country. Based on the Kaleidoscope Model, the policy successfully targeted a relevant problem (unhealthy eating decisions) and had powerful advocates who effectively used focusing events to reposition the warnings in the policy agenda across the years. Negotiations weakened the policy but led to its approval. Importantly, government veto players were mostly in favor of the policy, which enabled its final approval despite the strong opposition.
Near-universal same-day linkage to ART care among newly diagnosed adults living with HIV: A cross-sectional study from primary health facilities, in urban Malawi
Authors: Chihana Rachel , Katumbi Chaplain , Dadabhai Sufia , Kaumba Agness , Mughogho Atusaye , Singano Victor , Mwapasa Victor , Malisita Ken
Published: June 2023

Malawi HIV treatment guidelines recommend same-day antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Overall 97.9% of Malawians living with HIV (PLHIV) are on ART, same-day ART initiation prevalence and factors that facilitate it have not been fully described. We assessed same-day ART initiation and described individual, health system and health facility infrastructural factors at health facilities supported by expert clients (EC). ECs are lay PLHIV who support other PLHIV. The study was conducted in urban and semi-urban primary health facilities, in Blantyre, Malawi. It was a cross-sectional, descriptive survey of PLHIV and health facility leaders. Eligibility criteria included age ≥ 18 years, new diagnosis of HIV, received counselling from ECs, and offered same-day ART. The study was conducted from December 2018 to June 2021, and 321 study participants enrolled. Mean age (standard deviation) was 33 years (10) with 59% females. In total, 315 (98.1%) initiated same-day ART. Four participants did not because of mental unpreparedness, one wanted to try herbal medicine and one was concerned about stigma related to taking ART. Participants reported health facility accessibility (99%, 318/321), privacy (91%, 292/321) and quality of counselling by EC as excellent (40%, 128/321). Same-day ART was nearly universal. Participants’ satisfaction with health services delivery, the presence of EC, and infrastructural characteristics such as adequate privacy were cited as reasons favoring same-day linkage to ART. The most cited reason for not starting same-day ART was mental unpreparedness.
A stitch in time: The importance of water and sanitation services (WSS) infrastructure maintenance for cholera risk. A geospatial analysis in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Ayling Sophie , Milusheva Sveta , Maidei Kashangura Faith , Hoo Yi Rong , Sturrock Hugh , Joseph George
Published: June 2023

Understanding the factors associated with cholera outbreaks is an integral part of designing better approaches to mitigate their impact. Using a rich set of georeferenced case data from the cholera epidemic that occurred in Harare from September 2018 to January 2019, we apply spatio-temporal modelling to better understand how the outbreak unfolded and the factors associated with higher risk of being a reported case. Using Call Detail Records (CDR) to estimate weekly population movement of the community throughout the city, results suggest that broader human movement (not limited to infected agents) helps to explain some of the spatio-temporal patterns of cases observed. In addition, results highlight a number of socio-demographic risk factors and suggest that there is a relationship between cholera risk and water infrastructure. The analysis shows that populations living close to the sewer network, with high access to piped water are associated with at higher risk. One possible explanation for this observation is that sewer bursts led to the contamination of the piped water network. This could have turned access to piped water, usually assumed to be associated with reduced cholera risk, into a risk factor itself. Such events highlight the importance of maintenance in the provision of SDG improved water and sanitation infrastructure.
Coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke polygenic risk scores and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in a diverse, population-based cohort study
Authors: Bebo Allison , Jarmul Jamie A. , Pletcher Mark J. , Hasbani Natalie R. , Couper David , Nambi Vijay , Ballantyne Christie M. , Fornage Myriam , Morrison Alanna C. , Avery Christy L. , de Vries Paul S.
Published: June 2023

The predictive ability of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke (IS) polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been evaluated individually, but whether they predict the combined outcome of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains insufficiently researched. It is also unclear whether associations of the CHD and IS PRS with ASCVD are independent of subclinical atherosclerosis measures. 7,286 White and 2,016 Black participants from the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study who were free of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes at baseline were included. We computed previously validated CHD and IS PRS consisting of 1,745,179 and 3,225,583 genetic variants, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the association between each PRS and ASCVD, adjusting for traditional risk factors, ankle-brachial index, carotid intima media thickness, and carotid plaque. The hazard ratios (HR) for the CHD and IS PRS were significant with HR of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.36–1.66) and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.18–1.45) respectively for the risk of incident ASCVD per standard deviation increase in CHD and IS PRS among White participants after adjusting for traditional risk factors. The HR for the CHD PRS was not significant with an HR of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.79–1.13) for the risk of incident ASCVD in Black participants. The HR for the IS PRS was significant with an HR of 1.26 (95%CI: 1.05–1.51) for the risk of incident ASCVD in Black participants. The association of the CHD and IS PRS with ASCVD was not attenuated in White participants after adjustment for ankle-brachial index, carotid intima media thickness, and carotid plaque. The CHD and IS PRS do not cross-predict well, and predict better the outcome for which they were created than the composite ASCVD outcome. Thus, the use of the composite outcome of ASCVD may not be ideal for genetic risk prediction.
High precision structured H∞ control of a piezoelectric nanopositioning platform
Authors: Feng Huan , Zhou Hongbo , Jiang Congmei , Pang Aiping
Published: June 2023

The inherent weakly damped resonant modes of the piezoelectric nanopositioning platform and the presence of model uncertainty seriously affect the performance of the system. A structured H∞ design is used in this paper to solve the accuracy and robustness problems respectively using a two-loop control structure. The multiple performance requirements of the system are constituted into an H∞ optimization matrix containing multi-dimensional performance diagonal decoupling outputs, and an inner damping controller d is set according to the damping of the resonant modes; the second-order robust feedback controller is preset in the inner loop to improve the robustness of the system; the tracking controller is connected in series in the outer loop to achieve high accuracy scanning; finally, the structured H∞ controller is designed to meet the multiple performance requirements. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed structured H∞ control, simulation comparison experiments are done with the integral resonant control (IRC) and H∞ controller. The results demonstrate that the designed structured H∞ controller achieves higher tracking accuracy compared to the IRC and H∞ controllers under grating input signals of 5, 10, and 20 Hz. Moreover, it has good robustness under 600g and 1000g loads and high frequency disturbances close to the resonant frequency of the system, meeting multiple performance requirements. Compared with the traditional H∞ control, yet with lower complexity and transparency, which is more suitable for engineering practice applications.
Envisaging the job satisfaction and turnover intention among the young workforce: Evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Chen Xuelin , Al Mamun Abdullah , Hussain Wan Mohd Hirwani Wan , Jingzu Gao , Yang Qing , Shami Sayed Samer Ali Al
Published: June 2023

As the economy evolves and markets change after Covid-19, demand and competition in the labor market increase in China, and employees become increasingly concerned about their career opportunities, pay, and organizational commitment. This category of factors is often considered a key predictor of turnover intentions and job satisfaction, and it is important that companies and management have a good understanding of the factors that contribute to job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence employees’ job satisfaction and turnover intention and to examine the moderating role of employees’ job autonomy. This cross-sectional study aimed to quantitatively assess the influence of perceived career development opportunity, perceived pay for performance, and affective organisational commitment on job satisfaction and turnover intention, as well as the moderating effect of job autonomy. An online survey, which involved 532 young workforce in China, was conducted. All data were subjected to partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The obtained results demonstrated the direct influence of perceived career development, perceived pay for performance, and affective organisational commitment on turnover intention. These three constructs were also found to have indirect influence on turnover intention through job satisfaction. Meanwhile, the moderating effect of job autonomy on the hypothesised relationships was not statistically significant. This study presented significant theoretical contributions on turnover intention in relation to the unique attributes of young workforce. The obtained findings may also benefit managers in their efforts of understanding the turnover intention of the workforce and promoting empowerment practices.
Drug–Drug interactions of docetaxel in patients with breast cancer based on insurance claims data
Authors: Shin Kwang-Hee , Ah Young-Mi , Cha Sang Hun , Choi Hye Duck
Published: June 2023

Despite an increase in the use of targeted anticancer drugs and immunotherapy, cytotoxic anticancer drugs such as docetaxel continue to play a clinically important role. The aim of this study was to evaluate drug–drug interactions between docetaxel and coadministered medicines in patients with breast cancer a claims database. The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database (2017 to 2019) was used in this study. We evaluated the risk of neutropenia (defined using receipt of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) prescriptions) under docetaxel administration or the coadministration of docetaxel and an interacting anticancer drug (predefined based on approval information obtained from the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and the Lexicomp electronic database). The propensity score matching method was applied to balance covariates in the case (patients with G-CSF prescriptions) and control (patients without G-CSF prescriptions) groups. We identified 947 female patients with breast cancer prescribed with docetaxel and excluded 321 patients based on inclusion criteria. Of the remaining 626 patients, 280 were assigned to the case group and 346 to the control group. Predefined drugs were coadministered to 71 (11.3%) patients during the 7-day period before and after the administration of docetaxel. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) calculated using the logistic regression model applied to the propensity score matching showed no significant difference between the administration of docetaxel alone and docetaxel coadministration (adjusted OR, 2.010; 95% confidence interval, 0.906, 4.459). In conclusion, we suggest that coadministration of docetaxel and a predefined interacting drug are not associated with G-CSF prescription.
Relational models theory: Validation and replication for four fundamental relationships
Authors: Zakharin Michael , Bates Timothy C.
Published: June 2023

Relational models theory predicts that social relationships are formed from four underlying psychological models: communal sharing, authority ranking, equality matching, and market pricing. Here, in four studies, we test this four-factor model using the 33-item Modes of Relationships Questionnaire (MORQ). In Study 1, we administered the MORQ to N = 347 subjects. A parallel analysis supported the four-factor structure, but several items failed to load on their predicted target factors. In Study 2 (N = 617), we developed a well-fitting four-factor model of the MORQ with a total of 20 items (five items retained for each factor). This model replicated across multiple relationships reported by each subject. In Study 3, we replicated the model in an independent dataset (N = 615). A general factor associated with relationship type was required in both Study 2 and Study 3. In Study 4, we tested the nature of this general factor, finding that it was associated with the closeness of the relationship. The results support the Relational Models four-factor structure of social relationships. Given the mature theory and applications in a wide range of disciplines, from social to organisational psychology, we hope that this compact, valid, and interpretable instrument leads to increased usage of the scale.
Potato psyllids mount distinct gut responses against two different ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ haplotypes
Authors: Tang Xiao-Tian , Levy Julien , Tamborindeguy Cecilia
Published: June 2023

‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is a bacterial pathogen infecting several crops and causing damaging diseases. Several Lso haplotypes have been identified. Among the seven haplotypes present in North America, LsoA and LsoB are transmitted by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), in a circulative and persistent manner. The gut, which is the first organ pathogen encounters, could be a barrier for Lso transmission. However, the molecular interactions between Lso and the psyllid vector at the gut interface remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the global transcriptional responses of the adult psyllid gut upon infection with two Lso haplotypes (LsoA and LsoB) using Illumina sequencing. The results showed that each haplotype triggers a unique transcriptional response, with most of the distinct genes elicited by the highly virulent LsoB. The differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with digestion and metabolism, stress response, immunity, detoxification as well as cell proliferation and epithelium renewal. Importantly, distinct immune pathways were triggered by LsoA and LsoB in the gut of the potato psyllid. The information in this study will provide an understanding of the molecular basis of the interactions between the potato psyllid gut and Lso, which may lead to the discovery of novel molecular targets for the control of these pathogens.
Regulation of PKR-dependent RNA translation inhibition by TRIM21 upon virus infection or other stress
Authors: Li Huiyi , Liu Shun , Feng Qing , Deng Rilin , Wang Jingjing , Wang Xintao , Tian Renyun , Xu Yan , Chen Shengwen , Liu Qian , Wang Luoling , Li Xinran , Wan Mengyu , Peng Yousong , Tang Songqing , Xue Binbin , Zhu Haizhen
Published: June 2023

The host always employs various ways to defend against viral infection and spread. However, viruses have evolved their own effective strategies, such as inhibition of RNA translation of the antiviral effectors, to destroy the host’s defense barriers. Protein synthesis, commonly controlled by the α-subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), is a basic cellular biological process among all species. In response to viral infection, in addition to inducing the transcription of antiviral cytokines by innate immunity, infected cells also inhibit the RNA translation of antiviral factors by activating the protein kinase R (PKR)-eIF2α signaling pathway. Regulation of innate immunity has been well studied; however, regulation of the PKR-eIF2α signaling pathway remains unclear. In this study, we found that the E3 ligase TRIM21 negatively regulates the PKR-eIF2α signaling pathway. Mechanistically, TRIM21 interacts with the PKR phosphatase PP1α and promotes K6-linked polyubiquitination of PP1α. Ubiquitinated PP1α augments its interaction with PKR, causing PKR dephosphorylation and subsequent translational inhibition release. Furthermore, TRIM21 can constitutively restrict viral infection by reversing PKR-dependent translational inhibition of various previously known and unknown antiviral factors. Our study highlights a previously undiscovered role of TRIM21 in regulating translation, which will provide new insights into the host antiviral response and novel targets for the treatment of translation-associated diseases in the clinic.
Fókuszban a vállalkozói jellemvonások : Tudományos publikációk elemzése a bibliometria módszerével
Authors: Kozma Dorottya Edina , Fehér Helga , Bosnyák-Simon Nikolett
Published: June 2023

Jelen tanulmány a nemzetközi tudományos folyóiratok publikációiban megjelenített vállalkozói jellemvonások (entrepreneurial traits) szókapcsolat bibliometriai elemzésére fókuszál. A szakirodalmi elemzés azzal a céllal készült, hogy feltárja az adott tématerülethez kapcsolódó publikációs kapcsolatokat. A tanulmány szerzői egyrészt arra a kérdésre keresték a választ, hogy a legtöbbet citált szerzők tanulmányában megjelennek-e közös jellemvonások a vállalkozói személyiségjegyekre vonatkozóan, másrészt mely országok rendelkeznek a legmérvadóbb publikációs kapcsolati hálóval a vállalkozói jellemvonások témakörében született tudományos publikációk tekintetében. Az elemzések az intézmények, az országok, valamint a publikációk szerzői citációs számának vonatkozásában készültek. A kapott eredmények rámutattak, hogy a tématerülettel foglalkozó kutatásokat az USA felsőoktatási intézményei vezetik. Az országok közötti citációs viszonyok alapján a legnagyobb publikációs kapcsolati hálóval szintén az Egyesült Államok rendelkezik, valamint csupán nyolc szerző tanulmányára épül a több évtizede nemzetközi színtéren rendkívül intenzíven kutatott tématerület hivatkozási rendszerének alapja.
AVALIAÇÃO DA DINÂMICA DA PAISAGEM E HETEROGENEIDADE DE MANCHAS FLORESTAIS NO CONTEXTO DO NEXO FLORESTA-ÁGUA-SOCIEDADE EM DUAS BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS EM JUNDIAÍ – SP
Authors: Gavioli Felipe Rosafa , Molena Caio , Melillo Raquel Carnivalle Silva , Molin Paulo Guilherme , Silva Alexandre Marco da
Published: June 2023

A heterogeneidade espacial, temporal e funcional é relevante na identificação de gargalos e oportunidades para a gestão de bacias hidrográficas de abastecimento e se constitui em elemento para a apreensão das relações floresta-água-sociedade. Este estudo realizou uma análise espacial e temporal em duas bacias hidrográficas, visando identificar as mudanças ocorridas na composição e na configuração da paisagem, com foco em manchas florestais e sua funcionalidade para a produção de água. Utilizou-se geoprocessamento e aplicação das métricas AREA, ENN, PROXRIO e SHAPE para avaliar a configuração das manchas florestais nas bacias em 1985 e 2020. Constatou-se um processo importante de urbanização nas bacias, predominantemente sobre áreas agropecuárias, e que vêm ocorrendo em paralelo ao incremento líquido de cobertura florestal. Tal cobertura florestal representa 37,3% do território, estando distribuída de modo desigual na paisagem. A proximidade existente entre os fragmentos pode ser incrementada a partir da restauração das Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) ocupadas por atividades agrícolas, que perfazem 34,3% das APPs hídricas. Conclui-se que deve haver uma política de desmatamento zero nas bacias, com expansão dos usos antrópicos somente sobre áreas já degradadas, associado ao incentivo à restauração de florestas em toda a paisagem, como estratégia para a gestão do território.
ESCOLAS FAMÍLIA AGRÍCOLA E AÇÕES ANTIRRACISTAS: ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA NO TOCANTINS
Authors: Sousa Vânia Ferreira de , Ferracini Rosemberg
Published: June 2023

O respectivo artigo aborda o ensino de Geografia e ações educativas de combate ao racismo ambiental nas Escolas Família Agrícola do estado do Tocantins. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que seguiu a metodologia baseada no estudo e análises (de textos, artigos, dissertações, teses e livros) sendo complementada pela aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado aos professores de Geografia das EFAs. A organização dos dados demontram que as escolas foram fundadas como resultados de reivindicações dos movimentos sociais, para atender crianças e jovens das comunidades rurais. Apreendeu-se que as mesmas são apoios fundamentais da agricultura familiar, incentivando a implantação de projetos de geração de renda, através de atividades diversificadas e sustentáveis. Como resultados, pode-se afirmar que o ensino de Geografia fortalece as ações antirracistas que passam pela educação formal, via a construção do conhecimento em saúde e acesso à água, moradia e alimentação, políticas públicas e formação humana. Conclui-se que os conteúdos de ensino passam  pelo ensino técnico via o entendimento do acesso a terra que abordam os temas das potencialidades agrícolas como apicultura, olericultura, fruticultura, piscicultura e tração animal.
Determination of the critical threshold for the occurrence of fires in the Parque Nacional de Brasília (Brazil) through temporal analysis using spectral índices
Authors: Silva Lucas Inácio da , Baptista Gustavo Macedo de Mello
Published: June 2023

The Brazilian Savannah is one of the largest biomes in Brazil. Unfortunately, human pressure is aggravating the degradation processes of the biome and, together with the drought processes, fire events are a major concern. Monitoring tools must be designed, especially those involving the concepts of remote sensing, in anticipation of the fire phenomenon, mitigating the devastating effects. Therefore, the present research aims to determine the critical threshold for the occurrence of fires through the diagnosis of the conditions of greenness, humidity and senescence of the vegetation using the temporal analysis of Sentinel-2 images in the Parque Nacional de Brasília. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively determine each condition through the analysis of past events, determining the criticality threshold that conditions the region to present conditions that favor the onset of a fire, as well as the construction of an algorithm, in the Google Earth Engine. The study area is the Parque Nacional de Brasília, with the image data collection Harmonized Sentinel-2 MSI: MultiSpectral Instrument, Level-1C inside the Google Earth Engine. The algorithm aims to build a masking system to remove materials from the scenes, as well as the calculation of the NDVI, NDII, PSRI and dNBR indices, extracting the data through the mask of burned pixels. It was possible to identify six periods of fire occurrence, the data extraction allowed the statistical determination of the threshold, which was 0,580 for the NDVI, 0,015 for the NDII and 0,150 for the PSRI.
Extensión - Categoría B
Authors: VV. AA.
Published: June 2023

Premio ARQUISUR Extensión - Categoría B
Los trabajos presentados al Premio ARQUISUR Extensión son aquellos proyectos en ejecución o ejecutados, cuyo impacto pueda ser verificado, llevados a cabo por equipos disciplinarios e interdisciplinarios constituidos por alumnos, docentes y/o graduados, con el fin de permitir la integración, articulación y fortalecimiento de las distintas áreas disciplinares de las Universidades. En todos los casos, estos proyectos fueron formalmente acreditados por la Unidad Académica de filiación de los autores.
La Categoría B contiene proyectos aprobados en el marco de la convocatoria de organismos nacionales (universidades, Facultades o Escuelas, etc.) indistintamente subsidiados o no.
Extensión - Categoría C
Authors: VV. AA.
Published: June 2023

Premio ARQUISUR Extensión - Categoría C
Los trabajos presentados al Premio ARQUISUR Extensión son aquellos proyectos en ejecución o ejecutados, cuyo impacto pueda ser verificado, llevados a cabo por equipos disciplinarios e interdisciplinarios constituidos por alumnos, docentes y/o graduados, con el fin de permitir la integración, articulación y fortalecimiento de las distintas áreas disciplinares de las Universidades. En todos los casos, estos proyectos fueron formalmente acreditados por la Unidad Académica de filiación de los autores.
La Categoría C contiene proyectos que impliquen la asistencia y/o transferencia tecnológica al medio socioproductivo.
Entre la piel y el aire: ingenuidad y razón melódica (y algunos vientos) en las canciones de L.A. Spinetta
Authors: Ruiz Pablo Martín
Published: June 2023

Este artículo se propone pensar la obra de Luis Alberto Spinetta a partir de la presencia reiterada del viento en sus letras como disparador. A partir de esa presencia y sus posibilidades simbólicas o metafóricas, el artículo reflexiona acerca de la ingenuidad deliberada como figura de potencial filosófico que anida no solo en la obra de Spinetta sino en la canción como forma. A partir de una reflexión acerca de la canción de cuna como modelo posible de canción, en oposición y contraste al modelo de la canción de protesta, el artículo concluye proponiendo la ingenuidad deliberada como un espacio que la obra de Spinetta construye y en el que habita, y que a su vez permite pensar en el concepto de razón melódica como el modo particular en el que la canción en general, y la obra de Spinetta en particular, adquiere dimensión (paradójica) de pensamiento.
Humanidades latinoamericanas: una transición
Authors: Link Daniel
Published: June 2023

Versión escrita de una conferencia realizada en el marco del Proyecto Archives in Transition: Collective Memories and Subaltern Uses financiado por el European Union’s Horizon 2020 Program‒Marie Sklodowska Curie, Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE).
Descripción de un caso de Síndrome del Intestino Hemorrágico en una vaca lechera en Argentina
Authors: Micheloud José Carlos , Aguirre Laura Sabrina , Avellaneda-Cáceres Agustin , Rodriguez Jennifer , Sandoval Gabriel Virginia , Colque-Caro Luis Adrián , Micheloud Juan Francisco
Published: June 2023

El Síndrome del Intestino Hemorrágico (SHB) es una enfermedad intestinal altamente fatal y recientemente observada en las vacas lecheras. En este trabajo se describe un caso de SHB diagnosticado en un tambo de la provincia de Córdoba. Una vaca lechera adulta muerta súbitamente, fue estudiada y diagnosticada con este síndrome. Los exámenes patológicos revelaron un hematoma yeyunal, intra-mural, con necrosis isquémica de algunas áreas de la mucosa y obstrucción luminal. La capa mucosa estaba desprendida de la pared intestinal con abundante presencia de sangre en la submucosa. Aunque la etiología de este síndrome sigue en estudio y aún existen muchas interrogantes al respecto, la identificación de esta enfermedad alerta sobre su presencia de Argentina.
E-Day: Die Bibliothek setzt mit einem Event auf Offenheit
Authors: Grosjean Stefan , Schaffer Michelle
Published: June 2023

Die Bibliothek als Treffpunkt und Veranstaltungsort! An der Universität Bern beginnen jedes Jahr 360 Studienanfänger*innen mit dem Medizinstudium. Für sie beginnt ein neuer Lebensabschnitt. Wer hilft den Neuankömmlingen, sich an der Uni zurechtzufinden? Wer gibt ihnen ein „Home away from home“? Wer führt sie an die E-Ressourcen heran? Wer hilft ihnen mit all dem digitalen Krimskrams? Wer gibt ihnen Tipps und Tricks auf den Weg? Wer hilft ihnen, sich zu vernetzen und Freundschaften zu schließen?

Die Bibliothek, welche Offenheit und Vernetzung groß schreibt! Mit einem ganztägigen Event, dem „E-Day“, empfängt die Bibliothek Medizin in Bern (BibMED) jedes Jahr die Erstsemestrigen. Vorlesungen, Workshops und Marktstände helfen, die Informationsflut in den Griff zu kriegen, während Angebote wie Friend-Speed-Dating, Wettbewerbe, ein Food Truck und ein improvisiertes Café dazu animieren, sich auf den neuen Lebensabschnitt zu freuen. „Von Studis für Studis“ ist dabei ein zentraler Erfolgsfaktor.
Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
Authors: Mubaraki Murad A. , Almuayrifi Hussain A. , Hafiz Taghreed A. , Alyousef Abdulaziz , Dkhil Mohamed A. , Thagfan Felwa A. , Abdel-Gaber Rewaida , Al-Najjar Mohammad A. A. , Alkhudhayri Abdulsalam , Elshanat Sherif
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trends of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in two hospitals in Riyadh, as well as to judge the best type of tests to ensure blood transfusion safety. By using serological and nucleic acid test (NAT) tests, these donors were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2), syphilis, and malaria infection as a first time of donation. Out of 58,898 blood units, 336 units were reacted for HBsAg, 5,318 units for HBcAbs, 506 units for HCV antibodies, 214 units for HIV Ab/Ag combinations, 206 units for HTLV antibodies, 355 units for syphilis antibodies, and 81 units for malaria. Moreover, the genotypic prevalence of these products showed that 349 units reacted for HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV RNA in blood donation. This study reflects the seriousness of the residual risk of TTI, which is still a threat factor for the transmission of blood-borne infectious diseases. It was discovered that utilising (NAT) could increase test sensitivities while also lowering residual TTI risks, improving blood safety, and being cost-effective.
Mapping the AD Development Patterns Between China and Europe: China, Spain and the UK in Focus
Authors: Liu Yuchen
Published: June 2023

China is a country which has a substantial population with disabilities, and efforts to take care of their socio-cultural needs and make the physical environment accessible to them have proved challenging as the primary media access service in China AD is volunteer-dependent. However, the transition to professionalisation is already on track with efforts by a few AD stakeholders. At the same time, there are differences between AD development patterns in China and some European countries where AD has come of age (Tor-Carroggio, I., and G. Vercauteren. 2020. The aim of this article is twofold: firstly, to systematise the differences in AD development between China and Europe, with Spain and the UK as reference countries; secondly, to investigate whether there are any areas where China and Europe can learn from each other to improve this service in the future. The results show that the high input from users in China can be useful for AD practices in Europe, while collaboration at all levels backed by European legislation can be essential in promoting AD professionalisation and standardisation in China.
Exploitation of Osseous Materials During the Mesolithic in the Iron Gates
Authors: Mărgărit Monica , Boroneanț Adina , Bălășescu Adrian , Bonsall Clive
Published: June 2023

The Mesolithic settlements on the left bank of the Danube in the Iron Gates have yielded numerous artefacts made of osseous materials. Products and sub-products of the chaîne opératoire are present, suggesting in situ manufacturing of the finished items. Among a restricted range of artefact types, the most characteristic ones are bevelled tools made of antler, pointed tools of bone, and boar tusk scrapers. Our research has focused on identifying both the manufacturing processes applied to the various raw materials and the marks left by use, which are key indicators of the function of the artefacts. We were also interested to know if a unitary technological scheme could be identified throughout the Iron Gates, or if there are features specific to individual sites. Our findings suggest that despite a general unitary pattern, it is nevertheless possible to identify elements that are characteristic of individual sites but whether these were the result of economic or cultural factors is more difficult to assess. The results of this combined approach suggest wood processing and hunting were among the main activities performed with osseous artefacts. Contrary to some previous interpretations, there is no evidence for their use in connection with plant cultivation.
Research on complex multimodal vibration characteristics of offshore platform
Authors: Wang Na , Liang Ran , Li Lei , Liu Zhigang , Zhao Zhe
Published: June 2023

The vibration and noise performance of the offshore platforms are significant factors affecting the comfort and physical and mental health of the staff, and are also important indicators for evaluating the status of platforms. Based on the principle of structural dynamics, taking the semi-submersible platform as the research object, this article systematically and comprehensively studies the vibration characteristics and transfer laws of some partial-frame structures to the overall structure by combing theoretical derivation and numerical simulation. Firstly, the coupling dynamic model of the device-plate-platform is established, and the vibration transmission from the excitation source to the platform structure through the coupling system is analyzed theoretically. Secondly, the multimodal vibration mechanism of the plate frame and cabin structure is discussed by considering the plate frame and the plate frame as one. Finally, based on the semi-submersible platform structure, the study of complex multi-modal vibration transfer law of platform structure is carried out, which contributes to the research on multimodal coupled vibration protection of offshore platform structure.
“Why the Ruhr Valley Could Become the New Berlin”
Authors: Huszka Victoria
Published: June 2023

Drawing on ethnographic data collected from regional Instagram marketing in the Ruhr Valley, this article explores the social and symbolic dimensions of charisma as a resource of civil actors in postindustrial governance settings. It is argued that charismatic Instagram users not only utilize the past as a resource for figurative practices, but also transform it symbolically by mixing it with elements derived from the cultural meaning repertoire of Berlin as a role model for a creative city. Furthermore, results are presented on how Instagram users and public marketing actors engage in the socioeconomic transformation of the region: both groups pursue the goal of bringing forth a new economic imaginary for the region. While charismatic Instagram users aim at redefining the Ruhr Valley by playfully challenging and transforming its industrial structures, regional marketing mainly focuses on following a path set by Berlin, based on the shared characteristic of an industrial past in both areas.
Good Stories…
Authors: Acksel Britta
Published: June 2023

“Sustainability” is used strategically in urban governance; it is a means as well as an end. Some argue that the focus often lies on the former. The point of this paper is not to show that “sustainability” is used to achieve a diverse set of goals, but rather how this is done. The article starts with three stories about the transformations of three post-industrial cities (Malmö, Essen, Almada) and lays out how the transformations have been enacted (or not), thus demonstrating the dynamic and context-specific way “sustainability” is put to work in urban governance. Further, the argument is that stories, due to their ontological entanglements, may well be more than “good stories”. In and through stories, “sustainability” as an urban governance issue is un/made along with certain kinds of post-industrial cities. The article points out how stories make sustainability marketable while unmaking it as something that requires fundamental change. Moreover, the claim is that these two stories make competitive post-industrial cities and unmake connections between industrial pasts and global environmental challenges. Nevertheless, they also cause critique and dispute and might pave the way for different dis/connections.
English-Eskimo and Eskimo-English Vocabularies
Authors: Šamo Renata
Published: June 2023

This paper focuses on the English-Eskimo and Eskimo-English Vocabularies, published by the Government Printing Office in Washington, D.C. in 1890, which appeared with the general aim to motivate a wider range of people to learn about the Arctic Eskimos and make communication with them easier, but it was initially designed as a handbook for Alaskan school teachers. Although the publication can be approached from different perspectives, allowing many interpretations, the current author emphasizes the crucial circumstances under which it was produced, simultaneously drawing special attention to the existence of Eskaleut languages.
TASARIM FAKTÖRLERİNİN MARKA İMAJI VE MARKA AŞKINA ETKİSİ: YEMEK SİPARİŞİ UYGULAMALARI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÖZDEMİR SÜZER Özlem , KİRİŞÇİ Özge
Published: June 2023

Bilgi iletişim teknolojilerinin ve akıllı telefonların hızla gelişmesi, kentleşme, kadının iş hayatına girmesi, uzun ve yorucu çalışma koşulları, yalnız yaşama gibi nedenlerleyemek sipariş uygulamalarının önemi artmıştır. Giderek daha fazla işletme, yemek sipariş uygulamaları aracılığıyla mümkün olduğu kadar çok tüketiciye ulaşarak satış gerçekleştirmektedir. Uygulama kullanıcıları olan tüketicilerin yemek sipariş uygulamaları ve uygulamalar aracılığıyla hizmet veren işletmeler hakkındaki izlenimleri anlamına gelen marka imajını ve beraberinde gelişen marka aşkını hangi faktörlerin etkilediğinin işletmeler tarafından anlaşılması, markaların rekabette bir adım önde olabilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yemek siparişi uygulamalarına ait tasarım faktörlerinin (estetik, gezinme tasarımı, algılanan kullanım kolaylığı) marka imajı ve marka aşkı üzerindeki etkilerinitest etmektir. Araştırma evreni Bursa ilinde yaşayan ve yemek siparişi uygulamalarını en az bir kez kullanmış bireylerden oluşmaktadır.Veriler online anket formu kullanılarak toplanmış ve PLS-Sem yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir.Araştırma sonucundagezinme tasarımı ve algılanan kullanım kolaylığıfaktörlerininmarka imajını etkilediği, marka imajının da marka aşkı üzerinde olumlu bir etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur.
ZOOM YORGUNLUĞU’NUN YAŞAM DOYUMUNA ETKİLERİ: ÖĞRETMENLER ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KOCYİGİT Nezahat , YILMAZ Feride
Published: June 2023

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün Koronavirüs (Covid 19)’ü pandemi ilan etmesi ile birlikte sosyal temasın yoğun olduğu okul, hastane, işletme gibi yerlerin kapatılması yönünde alınan önlemler ile online eğitim ve video konferanslar gibi işbirlikçi araçların kullanımı zorunlu olmuştur. Çevrimiçi toplantıların ve görüntülü aramaların sıklığı ve uzunluğu tükenmişliği içeren ve insan ruhuna yansıyan “Zoom Yorgunluğu” adında yeni bir fenomeni ortaya çıkarmıştır. Çalışma ile zoom yorgunluğunun yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla veriler, anket yöntemi kullanılarak Ermenek İlçesi’nde görev yapan öğretmenlerden elde edilmiştir. Ermenek İlçesi’nde toplam 444 öğretmen görev yapmaktadır. Online uygulanan anketten 86’sı doldurulmuş ve 86’sı da değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada dikkate alınmadığında daha büyük boyutlara ulaşarak düşük yaşam doyumu gibi etkilere yol açan zoom yorgunluğu ile yaşam doyumu ilişkisi korelasyon ve regresyon analizleriyle test edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre zoom yorgunluğunun yaşam doyumu üzerinde negatif bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
THE IMPACT OF THE SUPPLEMENTATION OF PROBIOTICS USED AS PSYCHOBIOTICS ON ADOLESCENTS’ AND YOUNG ADULTS’ MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING AFFECTED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – A LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
Authors: KARBOWIAK MARCELINA , BRZEZICKA ANETA , ZIELIŃSKA DOROTA
Published: June 2023

Background. During the COVID-19 pandemic, various factors resulted in dramatic changes in the living environment of adolescents and young adults, consequently, harming their well-being and having a negative impact on their mental health. Therefore, supporting the mental health of young populations has been an imperative goal of recent research. There is a growing interest in the use of probiotics as psychobiotics to potentially aid in this goal. The review aimed to capture the current state of the literature on the impact of psychobiotic supplementation on mental health of adolescents and young adults in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The scope of the work included a systematic search of three databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, and the ClinicalTrials.gov clinical trial database. Results and conclusion. A preliminary search did not allow to find studies referring to the COVID-19 pandemic. Narrowing queries down to studies conducted before the pandemic allowed to identify eighteen studies aimed at determining whether supplementation with probiotics improves the mental health of adolescents and young adults. In the included studies, the impact of probiotic consumption on stress levels, depressive symptoms, cognitive functioning and neurodevelopment were assessed most often. The evidence ambiguously indicates the effectiveness of probiotic interventions in ensuring mental health of adolescents and young adults. This is probably due to the limited number of small and short-term studies, as well as their heterogeneity. The results emerging from the existing literature are encouraging, but it is not possible to formulate an unequivocal recommendation. It is essential to plan and conduct new research into the role of probiotics in mental health and to verify their clinical efficacy in combating negative health effects caused by the coronavirus pandemic, including those affecting the mental health of adolescents and young adults.
Durability Challenges of Low-Grade Calcined Clay Opposed to High-Volume Fly Ash in General Purpose Concrete
Authors: Flegar Matea , Ram Kiran , Serdar Marijana , Bosnar Klara , Scrivener Karen
Published: June 2023

With the decrease in availability of common supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash in Europe, the search for appropriate SCMs should be dealt with locally. A combination of abundant low-grade calcined clay and limestone powder has proven relatively inexpensive to produce while maintaining satisfying performance compared to existing cements. In this study, ternary cement mixtures containing 45 % ordinary portland cement and 55 % SCMs - limestone powder with either low-grade calcined clay or high-volume fly ash (HVFA), were compared in terms of freeze–thaw resistance, water permeability, carbonation, and compressive strength of concrete according to European standards. The main aim of the study was the evaluation of potential durability challenges of local limestone and calcined clay (LC3) binder and the possibility of its utilization as an ecological alternative to HVFA blends fitted for general application. The results suggest a similar performance of both binders in terms of compressive strength, carbonation, and freezing and thawing resistance, though the water penetration resistance seems to increase with the LC3 binder. The reduced water-permeable porosity of this binder, measured by mercury porosimetry, could influence the diffusivity of concrete, especially after carbonation.
Animal models of Alzheimer’s disease: preclinical insights and challenges
Authors: Xu Qing-Qing , Yang Wen , Zhong Mei , Lin Zhi-Xiu , Gray Nora E , Xian Yan-Fang
Published: June 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an irreversible neurodegenerative disease that progressively impairs memory and cognitive judgment, severely affects the quality of life and imposes a heavy burden on the healthcare system. No cure is currently available for AD, in part because the pathogenesis of this disease has not been established. Animal models are essential for investigating AD pathogenesis and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies for AD. Some phenotypic and neuropathologic changes in AD patients can be recapitulated with genetic and pharmacologic approaches in animals. This article systematically reviews the animal models available for AD research, including transgenic, chemical- or drug-induced, and spontaneous animal models, and the characteristics of these animal models. In this review we also discuss the challenges and constraints when using AD animal models. Although no single animal model can reproduce all pathologic aspects and behavioral features in AD patients, the currently available AD models are valuable tools for deciphering the pathogenic mechanisms underlying AD and developing new anti-AD therapeutics.
Cost Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Compared with Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists among Patients with Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Guo Jingchaun , Petersen Matthew R. , Tang Huilin , Meece Lauren E. , Shao Hui , Ahmed Mustafa M.
Published: June 2023

Objective: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are approved for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, their cost-effectiveness remains unknown. We aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of SGLT2i versus mineralocorticoid antagonists (MRAs).

Methods: Data from the RALES, EPHESUS, EMPHASIS, DAPA-HF, and EMPEROR-Reduced trials were included. We calculated the risk-ratio (RR) for a composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization (CV death-HHF), all-cause mortality, and heart failure hospitalization (HHF) between MRAs and SGLT2i. A Markov model was developed to simulate the progression of HFrEF over 5 years. The primary outcome was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), measured by cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.

Results: We observed a similar benefit in CV death-HHF (RR 1.04; 95% CI 0.82–1.31), all-cause mortality (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.78–1.06), and HHF (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.84–1.31) between MRAs and SGLT2i. In a 5-year model, no difference in survival was observed between treatments. MRAs were associated with lower cost ($63,135.52 vs. $80,365.31) and more QALYs gained per patient (2.53 versus 2.49) than SGLT2i. The ICER for SGLT2i versus MRAs was $-172,014.25/QALY, in favor of MRAs.

Conclusion: MRAs and SGLT2i provided similar benefits; however, MRAs were a more cost-effective treatment than SGLT2i.