bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual diagnosis, social work and the perspective of a social work student
Authors: Correia Damien Luke , Garvie Rebecca , Allan Julaine
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This paper reports a social work student’s experience of a mental health rehabilitation placement. The term “dual diagnosis” in this context includes people who experience both a mental health diagnosis and a substance use disorder. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the student experience as the author learnt about some of the challenges that people with dual diagnoses face during the recovery process.

Design/methodology/approach

The author kept a journal during the placement. Critical reflection was used to interrogate the journal entries for key themes and events that contributed to the author’s learning about social work practice and dual diagnosis.

Findings

This study found that social workers are in a fortunate position to work in this multi-disciplinary setting and contribute the social work perspective to care for people with dual diagnosis. However, there are still some gaps in achieving optimal care.

Practical implications

Suggestions for further practice development include a more integrated approach between services, further training for clinicians and a focus on a community-based setting as opposed to an institutionalised one.

Originality/value

According to the author, the student experience is important because students see situations and settings with fresh eyes that can highlight things that experienced practitioners take for granted.
The role of credence attribute claims in food product launch – a comparative study of New Zealand and Australia
Authors: Yang Wei , Tantiwat Waranan , Renwick Alan , Revoredo-Giha Cesar , Wang Le
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to empirically investigate the role of product positioning in the launch of food and drink products using a large dataset of new product development by food companies in Australia (AU) and New Zealand (NZ). As such, positioning through credence attribute claims can be associated with product launch strategies, including brand-new products, expansion of product ranges, new packaging and relaunch, as a response to market demand.

Design/methodology/approach

Text analysis was used to investigate the descriptions of food claims using Structured Query Language, providing a word list of food claims and further filtered and categorised into groups of claims. Multinomial regression models were then employed to analyse the association between product launch strategies and food claims adopted by firms.

Findings

The results of this paper provide evidence that positioning via food claims play an important role in product launch strategies in both AU and NZ. Types of food claims matter differently to firms' product launch decisions in the two markets. The “green” and “ethical” attributes are found to be associated with new launches in NZ but not in AU. Claims that are seen as most important for consumers are more likely to be engendered for the more costly launch approach.

Originality/value

This study is amongst the first studies that addresses the role of positioning in product launch strategies of food companies. The results and findings provide insights into the different prevailing credence attributes from the firm side and help policymakers to regulate the delivery of information about credence attributes to consumers.
The “public health” approach to illicit drugs: an eradicative drug discourse in a sanitorial disguise?
Authors: Debbaut Steven , Kammersgaard Tobias
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to problematize current calls for a “public health” approach to governing illicit drugs and the people who use them.

Design/methodology/approach

It draws on a range of historical sources to describe how drugs became a problem for governments, in order to critically diagnose the present and investigate the origins of current perspectives on drugs.

Findings

It is argued that there are currently two authoritative drug discourses. The first discourse is the dominant one and is eradicative, with blame and punishment as its primary responses. The second discourse is subauthoritative, but growing in importance, and is sanitorial, with care and cure as its primary responses.

Originality/value

While these two discourses have often been thought of as distinct, this historical exploration demonstrates that the eradicative and sanitorial discourses are both based on similar principles.
Elderly condominium attributes that enhance resident satisfaction and word of mouth: evidence from Thailand
Authors: Pimchan Kanokwan , Darawong Chonlatis
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the influence of condominium attributes on resident satisfaction and word of mouth from the perspectives of the elderly in Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 338 elderly residents through a questionnaire survey and analysed by using descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling procedures.

Findings

The results showed that the strongest predictor of resident satisfaction was design functionality, followed by social environment, safety and security and service quality. In addition, the strongest predictor of word of mouth was safety and security, followed by design functionality, proximity, service quality and social environment.

Research limitations/implications

The data were drawn at the level of the overall characteristics of elderly residents. People may be different in terms of their demographic characters such as gender, age, and user experience.

Practical implications

The study suggests that condominium developers and designers should pay attention to design functionality both physically and mentally such as suitable materials, lighting and common areas. Moreover, the developers should focus on the proximity of the nearest hospitals, safety and security measures, well-trained security personnel and social activity arrangement.

Originality/value

Elderly condominium markets are increasingly growing as a result of the ageing society in Thailand. However, very few empirical studies investigate condominium attributes that affect resident satisfaction and word of mouth provided by real estate developers. The paper aims to determine driving factors that enhance the better well-being of elderly residents.
Study on the one-dimensional governing equations of aerostatic circular thrust bearing with a single air supply inlet
Authors: Gao Shang-Han , Nong Sheng-Long
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to derive the one-dimensional governing equations to describe the pressure distribution, load capacity and stiffness of aerostatic circular thrust bearing with a single air supply inlet.

Design/methodology/approach

The film flow field is divided into four regions: supply pressure region, pressure dropping region, pressure rising region and laminar flow region. The influences of bearing clearance and supply pressure on the pressure distribution, load capacity and stiffness of the bearing are presented.

Findings

With the large film clearance and large supply pressure, the oblique shock wave occurs near the entrance of gas film, which greatly increases the pressure drop region. Hence, it is not appropriate to consider the oblique shock as a normal shock.

Originality/value

This paper introduces the invariants at the entrance of gas film, employs the functional relationships between density and pressure, and provides the empirical formulas for the pressure dropping and rising regions. The pressure distribution curves are therefore illustrated through a considerably simplified computational process.
Governmental stability and emigration in Sub-Saharan Africa: the role of skills and gender
Authors: Barra Cristian , Ruggiero Nazzareno
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Using data for a set of 32 Sub-Saharan countries over the years 2000, 2005 and 2010, the paper investigates the effects of domestic governmental stability upon emigration and assesses whether education and gender shape the relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper adopts instrumental variable (IV) Poisson regressions and two-stage least squares (2SLS) as robustness tests.

Findings

The paper suggests that increased governmental stability has a larger impact on the emigration of high-skilled individuals. Nevertheless, once emigrants are partitioned according to both education and gender, the authors find evidence of a larger impact of stability on the emigration of highly educated females.

Research limitations/implications

The empirical findings may lack generalizability because of the chosen research approach. Then, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.

Practical implications

The paper includes implications that can be drawn for both the growth and the development of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Originality/value

This paper fulfills an identified need to study how both education and gender shape the relationship between domestic governmental stability and emigration.
Timing and congruence effects of corporate social responsibility practices on social media crises in the tourism industry
Authors: Wut Tai Ming , Xu Jing (Bill) , Wong Shun-Mun Helen
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Corporate reputation is one of the key intangible assets of a company and is commonly influenced by negative posts on social media, such as customer complaints. Up to date, no known research investigates the pre- and post-social media crisis corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices on corporate reputation in the tourism context. This study addresses this research gap. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of CSR practices on corporate reputation in social media crises. The congruence of CSR practices was examined in this study in relation to social media crises using the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) theory.

Design/methodology/approach

An experimental vignette method was used. Respondents were randomly divided into four experimental groups and a control group. Data was collected from 435 respondents in Hong Kong through quota sampling, in which age and gender are control variables.

Findings

The findings indicated that social media crisis recovery needs CSR practices to restore the corporate image. CSR practices are more impactful immediately after, rather than before, a social media crisis. Furthermore, the business scope of the company should be taken in the planning and enforcement of CSR practices.

Originality/value

This study extends the situational crisis communication theory in social media crises by using CSR practices. The CSR practice provides a unique role in crisis management. It could belong to a bolstering category that can be used together with other corporate crisis responses. Corporations in the tourism industry increase their exposure to sustainability both within and beyond social media. This research shows that this can be effectively accomplished through CSR practices that are congruent with the tourism industry.
Mediating service experiences with online photos: the role of consumers' perceptions of the mediated servicescape
Authors: He Zeya , Wu Laurie , Li Xiang (Robert)
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Photos are powerful tools to attract individuals’ attention and convey service experiences. Yet exactly how visual cues in a photo contribute to the perceptions of the staged servicescape, and how these perceptions inspire online booking/reservation behaviors, remains underexplored. Addressing the gap, this study aims to uncover (1) how perceptual information mediated by an online photo contributes to the formation of consumers' holistic perceptions of the service environment and (2) how such consumers' holistic perceptions further influence customers' online purchasing behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

This research adopts an innovative crowdsourcing approach and refers to field data on consumers' online hotel booking behaviors to examine relationships among inferred servicescape dimensions, consumers' holistic perceptions of the mediated servicescape and their actual online booking/reservation behaviors (e.g. page-view and meta-click behaviors).

Findings

Confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis indicated that five mediated servicescape dimensions (i.e. color, lighting, furnishings, layout and style) contribute significantly to consumers' perceptions of the mediated servicescape (CPMS) and exert different impacts on CPMS. Connecting the crowdsourced rating and consumer behavioral data, CPMS is found to influence consumers' aggregated page-view and meta-click behavior, especially in the US market.

Originality/value

Building upon servicescape theory, the medium theory and the online booking literature, this research proposes a novel conceptual framework of CPMS to theorize the process by which visual cues in online photos contribute to CPMS and subsequent online purchase behaviors. Findings from this research extend Bitner's servicescape framework to mediated service contexts and provide practical implications for promoting service businesses.
When do established CPG product brands benefit from a corporate-brand endorsement? The moderating role of consumer needs and brand familiarity
Authors: Strebinger Andreas , Otter Thomas
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Many consumer packaged goods (CPG) companies have increased the visibility of their corporate brand to consumers by adding a corporate logo (e.g. Unilever “U”) on the packaging of their product brands (e.g. Dove, Domestos, Lipton, Knorr) and showcasing their product-brand portfolio in additional corporate-brand advertising. This paper aims to investigate consumer needs and product-brand familiarity as moderators of the impact of such a strong form of corporate-brand endorsement on the evaluation of established CPG product brands.

Design/methodology/approach

Two experiments with n = 670 and n = 118 respondents compare consumer evaluations of eight (Study 2: ten) product brands of a major German (Study 2: Anglo-Dutch) CPG company with versus without corporate-brand endorsement. The authors measure (Study 2: manipulate) the importance a consumer attaches to symbolic, experiential, relational and functional needs in brand choice.

Findings

Corporate-brand endorsement improves (decreases) the evaluation of established CGP product brands among consumer segments who base their brand choice in a CPG category predominantly on functional or relational (experiential or symbolic) needs. Furthermore, it exerts a negative effect on product brands among heavy category users due to their higher product-brand familiarity.

Practical implications

Rather than endorsing all its product brands with the corporate brand, a CPG company should do so selectively, depending on the positioning and target audience of each product brand.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to demonstrate the importance of consumer needs and product-brand familiarity in corporate-brand endorsement.
Impacts of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and institutional quality (IQ) on bank risk-taking behavior
Authors: Moudud-Ul-Huq Syed , Akter Runa
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the impacts of institutional quality (IQ) and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on bank risk-taking behavior, especially after the global financial crisis of 2007–2008.

Design/methodology/approach

After considering the outlier effect, missing figure and inconsistent data, the study’s final sample contains 24,364 firm-year observations of 4,367 banks. A total of 27 countries were considered as those data are available on the “EPU index” introduced by Baker et al. (2016) for 2011–2020. To estimate the core results, the dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM) has been used to examine the effects of IQ and EPU on bank risk-taking behavior. Later, this study also validates the core results by using two-stage least squares (2SLS).

Findings

The authors found a positive relationship between EPU and banks' risk-taking behavior of banks', but imperatively, a significant and negative relationship exists between IQ and bank risk-taking behavior. This study also has a remarkable and distinct findings from Uddin et al. (2020) one of the vital indicators of IQ quality measurement “voice and accountability” (VACC) impacted negatively on bank risk-taking behavior. It indicates that when VACC is well established, banks tend to take the low risk under the prevailing EPU conditions and vice-versa. Moreover, the lagged dependent variable significantly impacted the bank's risk-taking negatively.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, very few studies endeavored to investigate the dominance or impact level of IQ and EPU on the area, i.e. bank risk-taking behavior which inspired us to contribute to the banking literature to address this issue in a broader aspect – the connection between EPU and bank risk-taking behavior, also a relationship between IQ and bank risk-taking behavior and finally linking them with bank risk-taking behavior.
The scientific outcome in the domain of grey literature: bibliometric mapping and visualisation using the R-bibliometrix package and the VOSviewer
Authors: Wani Javaid Ahmad , Ganaie Shabir Ahmad
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The current study aims to map the scientific output of grey literature (GL) through bibliometric approaches.

Design/methodology/approach

The source for data extraction is a comprehensive “indexing and abstracting” database, “Web of Science” (WOS). A lexical title search was applied to get the corpus of the study – a total of 4,599 articles were extracted for data analysis and visualisation. Further, the data were analysed by using the data analytical tools, R-studio and VOSViewer.

Findings

The findings showed that the “publications” have substantially grown up during the timeline. The most productive phase (2018–2021) resulted in 47% of articles. The prominent sources were PLOS One and NeuroImage. The highest number of papers were contributed by Haddaway and Kumar. The most relevant countries were the USA and UK.

Practical implications

The study is useful for researchers interested in the GL research domain. The study helps to understand the evolution of the GL to provide research support further in this area.

Originality/value

The present study provides a new orientation to the scholarly output of the GL. The study is rigorous and all-inclusive based on analytical operations like the research networks, collaboration and visualisation. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this manuscript is original, and no similar works have been found with the research objectives included here.
Tax amnesty schemes, anti-money laundering regulations and customer due diligence by financial institutes: an evaluation of the implementation issues in Pakistan
Authors: Sultan Nasir , Mohamed Norazida , Hussain Dildar
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Tax amnesty (TA) schemes are typical in developing countries. Governments’ claims and suppositions are continually heightened; however, this may differ in actuality. This study aims to present an overview of the effectiveness of TA schemes and the problems they raise in implementing anti-money laundering regulations.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a qualitative research design. Content analysis was used to analyse research articles, reports, legal documents and news articles.

Findings

Every amnesty offered in Pakistan from 1956 to 2018 failed to meet government expectations. Instead, the continuity resulted in an irrepressible black economy. The black economy’s uncontrollability undermines tax collection and hinders a robust anti-money laundering regime. Significantly, tax holidays with discrepant legislation strengthen evaders, plunderers and launderers. These policies severely impede the implementation of anti-money laundering policies in the financial institutions of Pakistan. Additionally, Pakistan's geopolitical location, circumstance and war against terror cannot afford any policy that provides monetary relaxation to offenders.

Practical implications

There is no concrete evidence to support long-term economic progress through the implementation of amnesty schemes as a revenue collection policy. This study evaluates previous studies and findings to understand the effect of tax amnesties on the financial industry of Pakistan. The findings have practical implications for tax collection authorities, policymakers and international financial bodies.

Originality/value

Previous studies have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of Pakistan’s regular tax amnesties. However, this study discusses the implementation of TA schemes concerning anti-money laundering regulations and customer due diligence by financial institutes and provides suggestions to minimise its negative implications.
Did ESG portfolio augment investors’ wealth during Covid19? Evidence from Indian stock market
Authors: Sood Kirti , Arijit Kumar , Pathak Prachi , Purohit H.C.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to empirically examine the performance of the high-ESG (environment, social and governance) portfolio vis-à-vis the low-ESG portfolio at the Indian stock market before and during the Covid19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The absolute rate of return and several risk-adjusted performance measures, for instance, Sharpe ratio, Modigliani–Modigliani measure, Treynor ratio, Jensen’s alpha, information ratio, Fama’s decomposition measure and Fama and French’s three-factor model, have been used in this study along with the t-test.

Findings

All three indices (CARBONEX, GREENEX and BSE 500) had better returns during Covid19 period as compared to the pre-Covid19 period. However, these returns were not statistically significant. During Covid19, the risk of the indices also rose, but they provided better returns for the additional risk taken. Finally, it is concluded that the performance of high-ESG and low-ESG stock portfolios did not differ significantly in both periods.

Practical implications

The study is relevant to individual and institutional investors, financial advisors, portfolio managers, corporations, policymakers, market regulators and society at large.

Social implications

This study emphasized the need to expand the role of ESG investment in India for the benefit of people, communities and society as a whole.

Originality/value

This research is the first of its kind, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, that compares the performance of a high-ESG portfolio with a low-ESG portfolio both before and during the Covid19, particularly in the Indian context.
Organised Interests and the Courts: Non‐Party Access to the High Court of Australia Between 2012 and 2017
Authors: Parsons Ruth , Halpin Darren R.
Published: December 2022

Organised interests are a key component of Australian democratic life — they promise to connect society and economy to political institutions in ways that parties may not. The literature on Australian organised interests has focused primarily on connections to legislative and, to a lesser extent, administrative arenas. However, comparatively little attention has been given to the judicial arena. In this paper, we take a first look at attempts — successful and otherwise — by organised interests to attain access to the High Court of Australia. We focus on one key type of litigation strategy, being non‐party intervention, which is the subject of significant research in international contexts. Although in the United States, access to the court for non‐parties is more or less automatic, in other contexts like Australia, this is not the case. Over time in Australia, the High Court has become more open to applications from non‐parties. We proceed to examine in detail the attempts to access — and levels of success — by non‐parties in the High Court of Australia for the period 2012–17. We conclude with a research agenda that will explore the judicial arena as a strategy for organised interest to exert their influence.
Outcomes of concomitant aortic valve procedures and left ventricular assist device implantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Iqbal Kinza , Arif Taha Bin , Rathore Sawai Singh , Ahmed Jawad , Kumar Pankaj , Shahid Izza , Iqbal Ayman , Shariff Mariam , Kumar Ashish
Published: December 2022

Background

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is frequently employed in patients with end‐stage heart failure. The outcomes of addressing the repair of all substantial aortic valvular disease at the time of LVAD implantation remain unclear. We sought to assess the clinical outcomes in patients undergoing LVAD implantation concomitant with aortic valve procedures (AVPs) compared with isolated LVAD implantation.

Methods

A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library from inception till June 2022. Primary outcomes included short‐term mortality and long‐term survival. Random effects models were used to compute mean differences and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

A total of 14 observational studies (N = 52 693) met our inclusion criteria. Concomitant LVAD implantation and AVPs were associated with higher short‐term mortality (OR = 1.61 [95% CI, 1.06–2.42]; p = 0.02) and mean CPBt (MD = 43.25 [95% CI, 22.95–63.56]; p < 0.0001), and reduced long‐term survival (OR = 0.70 [95% CI, 0.55–0.88]; p = 0.003) compared with isolated LVAD implantation. No difference in the odds of cerebrovascular accident (OR = 1.05 [95% CI, 0.79–1.39]; p = 0.74) and mean length of hospital stay (MD = 2.89 [95% CI, −4.04 to 9.82]; p = 0.41) was observed between the two groups. On adjusted analysis, short‐term mortality was significantly higher in the LVAD group with concurrent AVPs when compared with the isolated LVAD group (aHR = 1.50 [95% CI, 1.20–1.87]; p = 0.0004).

Conclusions

Concurrent AVPs were associated with higher short‐term mortality and reduced long‐term survival in patients undergoing LVAD implantation compared with isolated LVAD implantation.
Subretinal fluid may protect against macular atrophy in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration: 5 years of follow‐up from Fight Retinal Blindness registry
Authors: Sánchez‐Monroy Jorge , Nguyen Vuong , Puzo Martin , Calvo Pilar , Arruabarrena Carolina , Monaco Pietro , Chilov Michael , Keegan David , Barthelmes Daniel , Gillies Mark
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to assess the association of macular atrophy (MA) according to the activity of macular neovascularization (MNV) (inactive, only subretinal fluid [SRFL], or active, i.e. including intraretinal fluid [IRFL]) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods

Multicentric observational study. Treatment‐naïve nAMD eyes without subfoveal MA or subretinal fibrosis (SF) at baseline were included since 1st January 2010 and 30th September 2016 to allow up to 5 years of treatment follow‐up. Eyes were grouped based on their predominant activity status as: (1) mostly inactive, (2) mostly active non‐SRFL only [IRFL] or (3) mostly active‐SRFL only [onlySRFL]. Kaplan–Meier survival curves estimated the time to development of MA or SF. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated predictors of developing subfoveal MA or SF. The main outcome measure was the risk of developing MA according to predominant MNV activity.

Results

A total of 973 eyes were eligible for analysis. OnlySRFL eyes had lower risk of developing subfoveal MA (HR [95% CI]: 0.56 [0.36, 0.88]; p = 0.024) and extrafoveal MA (HR [95% CI]: 0.41 [0.27, 0.61]; p < 0.001) than IRFL eyes. IRFL eyes had lower visual acuity (VA) (54.5 letters) and the highest proportion of eyes with vision ≤35 letters (25%) at 5 years while onlySRFL eyes had comparable 5‐year VA (63.7 letters) to inactive eyes (63.7 letters).

Conclusion

Subretinal fluid appears to protect against MA. Distinguishing the compartment of retinal fluid and understanding its relationship with MA and SF can guide the management of nAMD.
Near‐infrared ray catheter and indocyanine green via nephrostomy in delayed robotic reconstruction of injured ureter: A case report
Authors: Nishizawa Koji , Katsunaga Yasuaki , Hattahara Kodai , Yoshida Toru , Segawa Takehiko
Published: December 2022

Delayed surgical reconstruction of iatrogenic ureteral injuries is often a challenging procedure because spreading scar tissue impedes accurate identification and dissection of the injured ureter. We report a novel real‐time navigation system using a ureteral near‐infrared ray catheter (NIRC) and indocyanine green (ICG) via nephrostomy in delayed robot‐assisted ureteral reconstruction. A female patient presented with complete obstruction of the right upper ureter after gynecological surgery with extensive lymphadenectomy. A nephrostomy tube was urgently placed, and surgical repair was performed. A straight NIRC was placed in the right ureter up to the obstruction point. ICG was administered via nephrostomy. Near‐infrared light could clearly visualize the ureter and renal pelvis encased in scar tissue. The ureter and renal pelvis were dissected and successfully anastomosed. We found that near‐infrared navigation using ureteral NIRC and ICG via nephrostomy was valuable for delayed laparoscopic reconstruction of the injured ureter.
Blockade of orexin receptors in the infralimbic cortex prevents stress‐induced reinstatement of alcohol‐seeking behaviour in alcohol‐dependent rats
Authors: Flores‐Ramirez Francisco J. , Varodayan Florence P. , Patel Reesha R. , Illenberger Jessica M. , Di Ottavio Francesca , Roberto Marisa , Martin‐Fardon Rémi
Published: December 2022

Background and Purpose

A major problem managing alcohol use disorder is the high vulnerability to relapse, even after long periods of abstinence. Chronic alcohol use dysregulates stress responsivity, rendering this system hyporesponsive and making individuals vulnerable to relapse. Orexin (hypocretin) plays a role in diverse physiological processes, including stress. Orexin neurons in the hypothalamus, project to the infralimbic cortex. This study asked does infralimbic cortex orexin transmission play a significant role in stress‐induced reinstatement of alcohol‐seeking behaviour in alcohol‐dependent rats.

Experimental Approach

Male and female rats were trained to self‐administer 10% alcohol (3 weeks) and then made dependent via chronic intermittent alcohol vapour exposure. Following extinction (5 days·week−1 at 8 h abstinence for 10 sessions), rats received an intra‐ infralimbic cortex microinfusion of the OX1/2 antagonist TCS 1102 (15 μg/0.5 μl per side) and then tested for footshock stress‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking. In a separate cohort, orexin regulation of infralimbic cortex neuronal activity at the time of reinstatement was investigated using ex vivo electrophysiology.

Key Results

TCS 1102 prevented reinstatement in dependent animals only. Moreover, Hcrtr mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and Hcrtr1/2 in the infralimbic cortex increased in alcohol‐dependent animals at the time of testing. Dependence dampened basal orexin/OX receptor influence over infralimbic cortex GABAergic synapses (using TCS 1102) allow for greater stimulated orexin effects.

Conclusion and Implications

Infralimbic cortex transmission is implicate in stress‐induced reinstatement of alcohol‐seeking behaviour in subjects with a history of alcohol dependence and show maladaptive recruitment of infralimbic cortex transmission by alcohol dependence.
Palatal soft tissue thickness around dental implants and natural teeth in health and disease: A cross sectional study
Authors: Abu Hussien Hiba , Machtei Eli E. , Khutaba Alaa , Gabay Eran , Zigdon Giladi Hadar
Published: December 2022

Background

Previous studies focused on the influence of buccal mucosa thickness on peri‐implant bone loss and inflammation, with inconclusive results. We observed substantially thicker palatal mucosal tissues at peri‐implantitis sites. Therefore, we hypothesize that thick palatal peri‐implant mucosa may be associated with deeper pockets and disease severity.

Purpose

To compare the thickness of the palatal tissue between natural teeth and implants in periodontal health and disease.

Methods

Adult, non‐smoker, healthy patients who visited our department for periodontal examination or treatment with restored implants in the posterior maxilla were recruited. Probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and radiographic measurements were recorded around implant and the contralateral tooth. Palatal tissue thickness was measured using a 30G needle that was inserted perpendicular into the mucosa at the bottom of the periodontal/peri‐implant pocket and 3 mm coronally. Differences in the palatal tissue thickness between teeth and implants (in the same patient) was performed using t‐test; as well as between peri‐implantitis and non‐peri‐implantitis sites (among patients).

Results

Sixty patients were included. Thirty‐four implants were diagnosed with peri‐implantitis and 26 healthy/mucositis implants with corresponding 24 healthy/gingivitis teeth and 36 teeth with attachment loss. Mean PD was higher around implants (4.47 ± 1.57 mm) than teeth (3.61 ± 1.23 mm, p = 0.001). The thickness of implants' palatal mucosa was higher than in teeth, at the base of the pocket and 3 mm coronally (4.58 ± 1.38 mm vs. 3.01 ± 1.11, p = 0.000; 3.58 ± 2.15 vs. 1.89 ± 1.11, p = 0.000, respectively). Mean palatal tissue thickness was 4.32 ± 2.35 mm for the peri‐implantitis group while only 2.61 ± 1.39 in healthy implants, 3 mm coronal to the base of the pocket (p = 0.001). Palatal thickness at peri‐implantitis sites was higher (4.32 ± 2.35) compared to periodontitis sites (2.23 ± 0.93), p = 0.000. Implant sites with palatal mucosa >4 mm (n = 32) had deeper mean pockets (5.58 ± 1.98) compared with thinner (≤4 mm) sites (n = 28) (4.48 ± 1.18, p = 0.018).

Conclusion

Thicker palatal tissue around implants is associated with deeper palatal pockets. Thick palatal tissue was found around implants diagnosed with peri‐implantitis.
Safety of different surgical modalities for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis resection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Siwei , Wang Jiaqi , Shao Jun
Published: December 2022

Background

Currently, the most common surgical modalities used for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) resection are microdebrider, carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser. However, complication rates vary among different surgical modalities and have been controversial in different studies.

Objective of Review

This study systematically reviews the available studies which reported intra‐operative and post‐operative complications, aiming to compare the safety of microdebrider, CO2 laser and KTP laser.

Type of Review

Meta‐analysis.

Search Strategy

Seven electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE[Ovid], Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) were searched from inception through 28 April 2022. Randomised controlled, prospective or retrospective observational studies that recorded the complications of three different surgical modalities for RRP resection were included in the meta‐analysis.

Evaluation Method

Outcomes of interest were intra‐operative and post‐operative complications, and complication rate was calculated to evaluate the safety of surgical methods.

Results

Twenty different studies were included in quantitative synthesis. Only one study compared outcomes of those three kinds of treatment modalities simultaneously, two studies compared microdebrider and CO2 laser, and the remaining studies focussed on only one of three treatments. The weighted average complication rate for microdebrider was 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00–0.21), n = 6, for CO2 laser treatment was 0.16 (95% CI 0.09–0.25), n = 14 and for KTP laser treatment was 0.04 (95% CI 0.00–0.14), n = 4.

Conclusion

The limited evidence demonstrated that CO2 lasers in the surgical treatment of RRP may lead to more surgical complications, and microdebrider and KTP lasers may be safer. However, the heterogeneous data limit any strong comparison of outcomes of different treatment of laryngeal papillomas. Future randomised controlled trials that directly compare the safety of different surgical modalities are needed.
‘We tend to prioritise others and forget ourselves’: How women's caregiving responsibilities can facilitate or impede diabetes self‐management
Authors: Britton Laura E. , Kaur Guneet , Zork Noelia , Marshall Cassondra J. , George Maureen
Published: December 2022

Aim

The objective of the parent study was to examine attitudes and experiences regarding counselling about preconception care among Black and/or Latina women in the United States with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Here, we present emergent findings from a secondary analysis of caregiving.

Methods

In this qualitative descriptive study, we used conventional content analysis to identify themes from semi‐structured interviews with 32 Black and/or Latina women ages 18–40 who have T2DM in the United States recruited from online platforms and snowball sampling.

Results

Caregiving responsibilities both motivate and disrupt diabetes self‐management behaviours. Caregiving largely meant taking care of children, but women also had responsibilities to adult family members and romantic partners. Women were motivated to manage their diabetes in order to prevent negative health effects on their children and to stay healthy so they could fulfil caregiving responsibilities. However, caregiving competed for time, energy and money with self‐management. Struggling to balance caregiving and self‐management caused stress that women felt was intrinsically unhealthy and undermined self‐management.

Conclusions

Young adult women with T2DM identified different ways that the roles and responsibilities in the family could affect their diabetes self‐management. Providers and policymakers should develop health‐promoting interventions that accommodate caregiving responsibilities.
The latitudinal gradient of functional diversity of Miocene marine mollusks from Chile
Authors: Grossmann Mariana , Nielsen Sven N. , Rivadeneira Marcelo M. , Valdivia Nelson
Published: December 2022

Understanding latitudinal variations in biodiversity is central for biogeography. Along the coasts of the Southeast Pacific, several taxa show inverse latitudinal patterns of biodiversity, i.e. increasing species numbers from lower to higher latitudes. A plausible explanation for these patterns is that fjords, formed during the Pleistocene glaciations, increased the diversity of available biotopes that allowed for higher diversity in high latitudes. Assessing this hypothesis requires us to analyze latitudinal patterns of functional diversity (which is intimately related to niche use) in the absence of fjords, i.e. earlier than their formation. Here we test if the fossil record before the generation of fjords shows higher functional diversity at lower than at higher latitudes (a ‘regular' functional diversity gradient).

We analyzed four components of functional diversity (functional richness, functional divergence, functional dispersion and functional evenness) for a fossil marine mollusk fauna from the lower Miocene (~18 million years ago) across four regions spanning more than 10 latitudinal degrees of the Chilean coast (between ~34°S and 45°S).

The functional richness of gastropods and bivalves decreased non‐linearly from low to high latitudes. Contrarily, the functional evenness of gastropods remained relatively constant across the region and that of bivalves peaked at 45°S. The functional divergence and functional dispersion of taxonomic groups did not exhibit clear patterns of latitudinal variation. The multivariate analysis uncovered non‐linear latitudinal patterns in the abundance of functional groups (gastropods and bivalves), with the largest abundance towards lower latitudes.

These results suggest that the niche breadth of mollusk assemblages might have decreased with latitude in the lower Miocene. This work can shed light on the mechanisms underlying the latitudinal variation of diversity observed today, offering a better understanding of how these patterns changed over time.
Extracellular traps formation following cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Michel‐Flutot Pauline , Bourcier Camille H. , Emam Laila , Gasser Adeline , Glatigny Simon , Vinit Stéphane , Mansart Arnaud
Published: December 2022

Spinal cord injuries involve a primary injury that can lead to permanent loss of function and a secondary injury associated with pathologic and inflammatory processes. Extracellular traps are extracellular structures expressed by immune cells that are primarily composed of chromatin, granular enzymes and histones. Extracellular traps are known to induce tissue damage when overexpressed and could be associated in the occurrence of secondary damage. In the present study, we used flow cytometry to demonstrate that at 1 day following a C2 spinal cord lateral hemisection in male Swiss mice, resident microglia form vital microglia extracellular traps, and infiltrating neutrophils form vital neutrophil extracellular traps. We also used immunolabelling to show that microglia near the lesion area are most likely to form these microglia extracellular traps. As expected, infiltrating neutrophils are located at the site of injury, though only some of them engage in post‐injury extracellular trap formation. We also observed the formation of microglia and neutrophil extracellular traps in our sham animal models of durotomy, but formation was less frequent than following the C2 hemisection. Our results demonstrate for the first time that microglia form extracellular traps in the spinal cord following injury and durotomy. It remains however to determine the exact mechanisms and kinetics of neutrophil and microglia extracellular traps formation following spinal cord injury. This information would allow to better mitigate this inflammatory process that may contribute to secondary injury and to effectively target extracellular traps to improve functional outcomes following spinal cord injury.
Current status of the cactus scale Diaspis echinocacti Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Opuntia ficus‐indica and its first morphological and microscopic description in Morocco
Authors: Imane Mrabti , Haddad Najat , Moghaddam Masumeh , Ziri Rabea , Brhadda Najiba , Smaili Moulay Chrif
Published: December 2022

A total of 460 sites in 28 provinces located in the northern part of Morocco, where the prickly pear cactus Opuntia ficus‐indica is a natural crop, were surveyed from autumn 2020 to winter 2022. In 2020 and the first half of 2021 the cochineal scale Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) was the only scale recorded on pads of O. ficus‐indicata. However, high infestation of pads and fruits of O. ficus‐indica with Diaspis echinocacti Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) was subsequently recorded in three sites. D. echinocacti is described based on the morphology of the male and female adults, and microscopic examination of 60 slide‐mounted adult females. The presence of D. echinocacti on prickly pear cactus in these three sites in Morocco represents a serious potential threat for cactus in the country. Two predators, Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (1892) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Cybocephalus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), and two hymenopteran parasitoids, the ectoparasitoid Aphytis sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and an endoparasitoid Encyrtidae, were recorded to be associated with cactus scale. Further work is needed to identify all these predators/parasitoids to species level and to evaluate their potential for biological control.
Genetic diversity and structure of a recent fish invasion: Tench (Tinca tinca) in eastern North America
Authors: Bernos Thaïs A. , Avlijaš Sunčica , Hill Jaclyn , Morissette Olivier , Ricciardi Anthony , Mandrak Nicholas E. , Jeffries Kenneth M.
Published: December 2022

Introduced and geographically expanding populations experience similar eco‐evolutionary challenges, including founder events, genetic bottlenecks, and novel environments. Theory predicts that reduced genetic diversity resulting from such phenomena limits the success of introduced populations. Using 1900 SNPs obtained from restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing, we evaluated hypotheses related to the invasion history and connectivity of an invasive population of Tench (Tinca tinca), a Eurasian freshwater fish that has been expanding geographically in eastern North America for three decades. Consistent with the reported history of a single introduction event, our findings suggest that multiple introductions from distinct genetic sources are unlikely as Tench had a small effective population size (~114 [95% CI = 106–123] individuals), no strong population subdivision across time and space, and evidence of a recent genetic bottleneck. The large genetic neighbourhood size (220 km) and weak within‐population genetic substructure suggested high connectivity across the invaded range, despite the relatively large area occupied. There was some evidence for a small decay in genetic diversity as the species expanded northward, but not southward, into new habitats. As eradicating the species within a ~112 km radius would be necessary to prevent recolonization, eradicating Tench is likely not feasible at watershed—and possibly local—scales. Management should instead focus on reducing abundance in priority conservation areas to mitigate adverse impacts. Our study indicates that introduced populations can thrive and exhibit relatively high levels of genetic diversity despite severe bottlenecks (<1.5% of the ancestral effective population size) and suggests that landscape heterogeneity and population demographics can generate variability in spatial patterns of genetic diversity within a single range expansion.
Fatigue life prediction for notched specimen considering modified critical plane method
Authors: Ma Muzhou , Liu Xintian , Yu Xueguang , Wang Xiangui
Published: December 2022

To meet the different functional requirements of the components, irregularities and geometric discontinuities occur in the structural design of the components. These geometrical discontinuities lead to local stress concentrations, which inevitably introduce notch effects. The unyielding internal material still supports the high‐stress area on the plane due to the supporting effect of the notch. This effect can lead to inaccurate prediction of fatigue life. So, the notch support factor and strain were used as damage parameters to modify the life prediction model of the notched specimens in this research. And an improved critical plane method is applied in selecting damaged planes. It considers the damage at the notch before loading and uses dynamic weights to measure the effect of the maximum stress plane on the damaged plane. The model was validated using TC4 and GH4169 notch data and compared with other models, and the revised model has higher accuracy. The damaged plane and damage parameters to modify the fatigue life of the notched specimen make more physical sense and are more consistent with the fatigue failure mechanism.