bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statin use is prospectively associated with new onset diabetes after transplantation in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Szili-Torok Tamas , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Tietge Uwe J.F.
Published: May 2020

Objective: New onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is frequent and
worsens graft and patient outcomes in renal transplant recipients (RTR). In the
general population statins are diabetogenic. This study investigated whether
statins also increase NODAT risk in RTR.

Research design and methods: From a prospective longitudinal study of
606 RTR (functioning allograft >1 year, single academic center, follow-up: median
9.6 [6.6-10.2] years) 95 patients using statins were age- and gender-matched to
RTR not on statins (all diabetes-free at inclusion) .

Results: NODAT incidence was 7.2% (73.3% of these on statins). In Kaplan-Meier
(log rank test, p=0.017) and COX regression analyses (HR, 3,86 [1.21-12.27],
P=0.022) statins prospectively associated with incident NODAT, even independent
of several relevant confounders including immunosuppressive
medication and biomarkers of glucose homeostasis.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that statin use is prospectively
associated with the development of NODAT in RTR independent of other recognized
risk factors.
Healthcare costs associated with macrovascular, microvascular, and metabolic complications of type 2 diabetes across time: Estimates from a population-based cohort of over 0.8 million individuals with up to 15 years of follow-up
Authors: Chen Hsuan-Ying , Kuo Shihchen , Su Pei-Fang , Wu Jin-Shang , Ou Huang-Tz
Published: May 2020

Objective:

Developing country-specific unit-cost catalogs is a
key area for advancing economic research to improve medical and policy
decisions. However, little is known about how healthcare costs vary by type 2
diabetes (T2D) complications across time in Asian countries. We sought to
quantify the economic burden of various T2D complications in Taiwan.

Research Design and Methods:

A nationwide population-based, longitudinal study
was conducted to analyze 802,429 adults with newly-diagnosed T2D identified
during 1999-2010 and followed-up until death or December 31, 2013. Annual healthcare costs
associated with T2D complications were estimated with the multivariable generalized
estimating equations models adjusting for individual characteristics.

Results:

The mean annual healthcare cost was $281 and $298
(2017 U.S. dollars) for a male and female, respectively, diagnosed with T2D at
age <50 years, with diabetes duration of <5 years, and without
comorbidities, antidiabetic treatments, and complications. Depression was the
costliest comorbidity, increasing costs by 64-82%. Antidiabetic treatments
increased costs by 72-126%. For non-fatal complications, costs increased from
36% (retinopathy) to 202% (stroke) in the event year, and from 13% (retinopathy
or neuropathy) to 49% (heart failure) in subsequent years. Costs for the five
leading costly non-fatal subtype complications increased by 201-599% (end-stage
renal disease with dialysis), 37-376% (hemorrhagic/ischemic stroke), and
13-279% (upper/lower extremity amputation). For fatal complications, costs
increased by 1,784-2,001% and 1,285-1,584% for cardiovascular and other-cause
deaths, respectively.

Conclusions:

The cost estimates from this study are crucial for
parameterizing diabetes economic simulation models to quantify the economic
impact of clinical outcomes and determine cost-effective interventions.
Improving Dietary Recommendations for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in an Endocrinology Clinic
Authors: Delgado-Hurtado Juan J. , Kline Erika L. , Crawford Andrew , McClure Auden
Published: May 2020

“Quality Improvement Success Stories” are
published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the
American College of Physicians and the National Diabetes Education Program.
This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from
programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for
people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is
reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of Clinical
Diabetes. The following article describes a project designed to
improve the degree
and quality of support for lifestyle change provided to patients with type 2
diabetes and obesity in the outpatient endocrinology clinic of a rural academic
medical center.
Development of all-fiber coherent beam combining optical system toward higher output of the fiber laser
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Yamazaki Tetsuya , Yoshida Minoru
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the authors report that they have developed a low-noise and high gain all-fiber using a coherent beam combining (CBC) system. The CBC optical amplifier system has a feature in which only correlated signal light is combined; however, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is not added. Hence, the combined output power increases about twice the signal output power. On the other hand, the power of ASE does not change compared to a conventional amplifier. Thus, the gain and the noise figure can be improved compared to the conventional amplifier. In this research, because the excitation wavelength of erbium doped fiber amplifier is 1480 nm, the minimum value of the theoretical noise figure is 5 dB. As an example, the optical amplifier system proposed in this paper had the small-signal gain of 37.25 dB and the noise figure of 5.60 dB, whereas the conventional optical amplifier system had the small-signal gain of 34.26 dB and the noise figure of 7.44 dB. As a result, we successfully decreased the noise figure by 1.84 dB and increased the small-signal gain by 2.99 dB by using the all-fiber CBC optical amplifier system.
Effect of dairy cow genotype and concentrate feed level on cow performance and enteric methane emissions during grazing
Authors: Ferris Conrad Peter , Jiao Haopeng , Murray Stephen , Gordon Alan , Laidlaw Scott
Published: May 2020

The current study (40 cows in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement) compared methane (CH4) emissions from two dairy cow genotypes (Holstein-Friesian [HF], and Swedish Red × [Jersey × Holstein-Friesian] [Crossbred]) offered two levels of concentrate supplementation (3.0 or 6.0 kg/cow per day) while grazing. Enteric CH4 emissions were measured using the SF6 technique on three occasions over a 16 week period, while intakes were estimated using performance data. Increasing concentrate level increased milk and energy corrected milk (ECM) yields, had no effect on CH4 emissions (g day-1) and CH4 emissions per kg dry matter (DM) intake, while reducing CH4/ECM yield. Crossbreds produced milk with higher milk fat and protein contents than HF cows, but ECM yield did not differ between genotypes. Daily CH4 production (g day-1), and CH4 production per kg ECM yield was unaffected by genotype. Methane yield (g kg-1 DM intake) was higher with the Crossbred cows, although DM intake was estimated in this study, and this result should be interpreted with some caution. Thus HF and Crossbred cows had similar CH4 emissions.
Increase in perennial forage yields driven by climate change, at Apukka Research Station, Rovaniemi, 1980-2017
Authors: Niemeläinen Oiva , Hannukkala Antti , Jauhiainen Lauri , Hakala Kaija , Niskanen Markku , Laine Antti
Published: May 2020

The official variety trials at Rovaniemi, Finland (66.58°N, 26.01°E) in 1980–2017 show a substantial increase in dry matter yields (DMY) of timothy (Phleum pratense), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), coinciding with a 156 °Cd increase in the average growing season Tsum and a 461 °Cd decrease in the average winter frost sum for the same period. The annual DMY of timothy was 3128, 4668, 8385 and 9352 kg ha-1 in the periods (P) 1980–1989 (P1), 1990–1999 (P2), 2000–2009 (P3), and 2010–2017 (P4). The first cut yielded 1792, 2166, 4008 and 4473, and the second cut 1337, 2503, 4378 and 4879 kg ha-1, respectively. Yields of meadow fescue followed a similar pattern. The first cut was about ten days and the second cut about one week earlier on P4 than on P1. Shorter snow cover period, milder winters, higher live ground cover of timothy in spring, and higher temperature sum during the growing season were most likely responsible for the yield increase. The results indicate a strong impact of climate change on DMY of perennial forage crops in the north.
Проблема коморбидности у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца и сопутствующей онкологической патологией
Authors: ZHelihazheva M.V.
Published: May 2020

Согласно данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения за 2017 г., среди пациентов зрелого возраста все более часто встречается сочетание ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) и онкологических заболеваний. В комбинации данные нозологии взаимно усугубляют друг друга, что оказывает значительное влияние на подбор и эффективность хирургической или терапевтической тактики лечения в каждом конкретном случае. Так, конкурирующая ишемическая болезнь сердца у пациентов, имеющих злокачественные новообразования, является противопоказанием для хирургического лечения, и значительно ограничивает объем вмешательств относительно онкологической патологии. В других случаях у больных с онкопатологией, которой сопутствует ишемическая болезнь сердца, отмечается повышение частоты интра и послеоперационных осложнений, а также растет госпитальная летальность. Коморбидность определяет отдаленную выживаемость пациентов после хирургического лечения опухолевых заболеваний или консервативной противоопухолевой терапии. В настоящее время существует 12 общепризнанных методов измерения коморбидности. В основе исследования лежит обзор русскоязычной и иностранной литературы по проблеме, также описан клинический случай пациента с ИБС и сопутствующей онкологической патологией. Оценка коморбидности выполнена с использованием гериатрического варианта кумулятивного индекса коморбидности CIRS-G по Miller et al., 1992 г. Формирование качественно новых или адаптация уже существующих клинических рекомендаций, протоколов и стратегий управления сопутствующими онкологическими заболеваниями позволит эффективно лечить заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы у пациентов зрелого возраста, число которых постоянно продолжает расти. Качество жизни больных ИБС с сопутствующими онкологическими заболеваниями определяется в большей степени объемом проведенного лечения. Оценивать коморбидность у возрастных пациентов рекомендовано с помощью гериатрического варианта кумулятивного индекса коморбидности CIRS-G.
Вазоренальная (реноваскулярная) артериальная гипертензия у детей и подростков – особенности диагностики
Authors: Bratov M.M. , Gamzaev N.R. , Arakelian V.S.
Published: May 2020

Изученные авторами методы диагностики различных форм фибромышечной дисплазии (ФМД), неспецифического аортоартериита (НАА) имеют важную вспомогательную роль в хирургическом лечении пациентов. Сосудистая хирургия играет не менее важную роль в лечении пациентов с фибромышечной дисплазией и неспецифическим аортоартериитом, позволяет снизить смертность и улучшить долгосрочный прогноз. По сообщениям большинства авторов, по меньшей мере одна треть детей и подростков с фибромышечной дисплазией и неспецифическим аортоартериитом будет нуждаться в хирургических вмешательствах. Представленный обзор посвящен основным методам диагностики при вазоренальной (реноваскулярной) артериальной гипертензии у детей и подростков с различными типами НАА (по типу и степени поражения) и ФМД (гистологически и ангиографически подтвержденные) и основной дифференциальной диагностике данных патологий.
Анализ результатов хирургического лечения пациентов с сочетанным атеросклеротическим поражением каротидного и коронарного бассейнов
Authors: Darvish N.A. , Alshibaia M.M. , Mamalyga M.L. , SHogenov M.A.
Published: May 2020

Ишемический инсульт и инфаркт миокарда давно лидируют по летальности и инвалидизации взрослого населения. Более того, в клинической практике нередко встречаются пациенты с сочетанным поражением коронарного и каротидного бассейнов, что значительно увеличивает риск летальности. Однако в настоящее время отсутствуют четкие критерии выбора и показания к применению тактики хирургического лечения данной группы пациентов. Цель провести анализ результатов современных рандомизированных клинических исследований по данной проблеме и оценить доказательства эффективности разных вариантов хирургического лечения пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца и стенозами сонных артерий. В настоящее время апробирован ряд методов хирургического лечения пациентов c ишемической болезнью сердца в сочетании со стенозами сонных артерий, однако, судя по результатам рандомизированных клинических исследований, их эффективность не всегда однозначно воспроизводится, что не позволяет сформировать единое мнение о тактике хирургического лечения этой патологии.
Корреляция детерминант эндоваскулярной реваскуляризации миокарда у больных ишемической болезнью сердца в возрасте до 35 лет и 36–40 лет
Authors: Abdullaev F.Z. , Babaev N.M. , SHihieva L.S.
Published: May 2020

Цель: выделить отличия демографии и эндоваскулярной реваскуляризации миокарда у больных ишемической болезнью сердца в возрасте до 35 лет и 3640 лет. Материал и методы. Проанализированы истории болезни 208 больных ИБС (2440 лет), из них: 51 (24,5) пациент 35 лет и моложе, 157 (75,5) в возрасте 3640 лет. 47,1 больных госпитализированы с острым коронарным синдромом (ОКС), 52,9 со стабильной стенокардией. Реваскуляризация миокарда была выполнена 197 (94,7) пациентам, из них 23,4 больных 35 лет и моложе, 76,6 в возрасте 3640 лет. Эндоваскулярная реваскуляризация была выполнена 165 больным, коронарное шунтирование (КШ) 32, отказались от реваскуляризации 11 больных. Результаты. Больные 35 лет и моложе отличались от пациентов 3640 лет превалированием инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) в анамнезе, курением, потреблением энергетических напитков, систолической дисфункцией ЛЖ. Группу больных 35 лет и моложе отличала частота стабильной стенокардии II и IV функционального класса (ФК) (CCS), группу больных 3640 лет превалирование стабильной стенокардии III ФК (CCS). Кроме того, у больных 35 лет и моложе отмечались трехкратно меньшая частота первичной госпитализации и более частый отказ от вмешательства, чем у пациентов 3640 лет. У больных 35 лет и моложе превалировало поражение одной и трех коронарных артерий (КА), у70,7 больных 3640 лет поражение двух и трех КА. При равной частоте поражения трех КА в группах у пациентов 3640 лет отмечено двукратное преобладание поражения двух КА. Больные 35 лет и моложе отличались равной частотой поражения правой КА (ПКА) и огибающей ветви левой КА (ОВЛКА), двукратно большей частотой поражения ствола левой КА ипревалированием диффузного поражения КА. Частота окклюзий КА была идентичной в обеих возрастных группах. Заключение.Убольных 2435 лет сОКС доминировало стентирование ПКА, пристабильной стенокардии стентирование передней межжелудочковой артерии (ПМЖВ) и ОВЛКА. У больных 3640 лет с ОКС превалировало стентирование ОВЛКА, при стабильной стенокардии стентирование ПКА и ПМЖВ. Соотношение эндоваскулярной реваскуляризации / КШ у больных 35 лет и моложе и 3640 лет составило 3,6:1 и 5,8:1 соответственно.
Протезирование восходящей аорты, дуги и брахиоцефальных артерий с применением адаптивной перфузии у больной с мальперфузией головного мозга
Authors: Mironenko V.A. , Darvish N.A. , Garmanov S.V. , Gordeichuk N.V.
Published: May 2020

Одним из частых вариантов осложнений расслоения восходящей аорты является мальперфузия головного мозга, обусловленная распространением расслоения аорты на брахиоцефальные сосуды. В условиях исходного нарушения кровоснабжения головного мозга обеспечение его адекватной перфузии на основном этапе операции особенно важно. В современной хирургии грудной аорты наиболее часто применяется сочетание умеренной гипотермии головного мозга с антеградной перфузией как метода защиты нервной системы. В условиях исходной мальперфузии головного мозга билатеральный вариант представляется более предпочтительным. В связи с особенностями конкретного варианта расслоения аорты и вида предполагаемой операции применение постоянной бифокальной антеградной перфузии не всегда возможно. Для решения данной проблемы была выработана концепция адаптивной перфузии, позволяющая в ходе операции изменять направление и поток перфузии, что позволило максимально снизить длительность унилатеральной перфузии головного мозга. В настоящем сообщении представлен случай применения адаптивной перфузии у больной с мальперфузией головного мозга, обусловленной расслоением брахицефального ствола.
Balancing Yin and Yang: the development of a framework using Participatory Action Research for the Translation and Implementation (Part 1) of new practices
Authors: Fitzgerald Anneke , Ogrin Rajna , Hayes Kate , Curry Joanne , Eljis Kathy , Radford Katrina
Published: May 2020

Context: Despite the demonstrable benefits of many healthcare innovations, embedding research findings into practice has been slow and sporadic. [1,2] Many implementation frameworks exist, however most havebeen criticised for not having a strong theoretical underpinning. This study addresses this gap by reviewing the current models to propose a new, theoretically driven framework for change management and translation.

Methods: This study is reported in two parts. In part 1, a systematically-based literature review was undertaken. Following this, part 2 included conducting focus groups with academics to verify the model and provide feedback on the new framework.

Findings: The gaps in current implementation frameworks identified include deficiencies in the areas of individual and social behaviour, participatory action, operationalisation and evaluation of the frameworks. The Quality Implementation Framework (QIF) [3] was used to provide the basis to develop a robust extended model, which addressed those areas that were identified as deficient in the current frameworks. By combining the best parts of extant models with a translation and implementation foci, we developed the PARTI model that is underpinned by commitment to change (Ying) and change fidelity (Yang) at each of its four stages, which included a behavioural questionnaire and implementation checklist. PARTI stands for Participatory Action Research, Translation and Implementation.

Conclusions: The implementation of change in healthcare delivery is difficult and demanding, and healthcare managers look to change frameworks for guidance. The PARTI model has been developed to provide a systematic approach to implementing changed practices that is repeatable, reliable and scalable.

Abbreviations: ISF – Interactive Systems Framework; PAR – Participatory Action Research; PARTI – Participatory Action Research for Translation and Implementation; QIF – Quality Implementation Framework; TDF – Theoretical Domains Framework.
Are Clinical Registries Actually Used? The Level of Medical Staff Participation in Clinical Registries, and Reporting within a Major Tertiary Teaching Hospital
Authors: Dwyer Alison , McNeil John
Published: May 2020

Clinical Registries are established to provide a clinically credible means for monitoring and benchmarking healthcare processes and outcomes, to identify areas for improvement, and drive strategies for improving patient care. Clinical Registries are used to assess changes in clinical practice, appropriateness of care and health outcomes over time. The American Heart Association Policy Statement in April 2011 called for expanding the application for existing and future Clinical Registries, with well-designed Clinical Registry programs. Concurrently, in Australia, and similarly within the United States and United Kingdom, there has been an increased focus on performance measurement for quality and patient safety. Within Victoria, the Victorian Clinical Governance Policy Framework outlines clinical effectiveness as one of the four domains of Clinical Governance

As Clinical Registries evaluate effectiveness and safety of patient care by measuring patient outcomes compared with peers, the use of Clinical Registries data to improve a health service’s quality of care seems intuitive. A mixed methods approach was utilised, involving (1) semi-structured interviews and (2) documentation audit in this study conducted at Austin Health, a major tertiary teaching hospital in North-Eastern metropolitan Melbourne, affiliated with the University of Melbourne and various research institutes within Austin LifeSciences.

Although many studies have highlighted the benefits of data collected via individual Clinical Registries, [5,6] the level of voluntary medical staff participation in Clinical Registries at a health service level is yet to be established. The aim of this study was to document the level of medical staff involvement for Clinical Registries within a major tertiary teaching hospital, and the level of reporting into Quality Committees within the organisation.

This study demonstrates that along with a very high level of medical staff participation in Clinical Registries, there is a lack of systematic reporting of Registries data into quality committees beyond unit level, and utilisation of such data to reflect upon practice and drive quality improvement.

Abbreviations: CREPS – Centre for Excellence in Patient Safety; CSU – Clinical Services Unit; HOU – Heads of Unit; VASM – Victorian Audit of Surgical Mortality.
Factors Affecting Hospital Choice Decisions: an exploratory study of healthcare consumers in Northern India
Authors: Kamra Vishal , Singh Harjot , De Kalyan Kumar
Published: May 2020

This study examines the factors affecting hospital choice decisions by patients for tertiary level healthcare services and the relationships of these factors with respondent demographics. It also categorises the decision makers involved in the selection of hospitals. Data were collected from in-patients of multispecialty hospitals located in northern India with the help of a structured questionnaire. Factor analysis, ANOVA and t-test techniques have been employed to analyse the data. The study has revealed that the factors that affect hospital choice decisions of patients are basic amenities, reputation and quality, building and infrastructure, ease and affordability, personal substances (experiences), responsiveness of services, recommendations and suggestions, clinical support, privacy and information sharing, and range of services. The study has also revealed that various categories of respondent demographics, namely, age, gender, residence, education and monthly family income are significantly different statistically (P<.05) with respect to the identified factors. It has been found that most of the time family members, doctors or a combination of family members and doctors make the decisions to choose the hospital. It has also been found that friends/ relatives and patients themselves choose the hospital in some cases.
To the Editor
Authors: Farrell Natasha
Published: May 2020

No abstract
Making Hospital Governance Healthier for Nurses
Authors: Clark Kim , Beatty Shelley
Published: May 2020

The current research examined front line nurse expectations of non-metropolitan public hospital governance. In doing so, it explored the relevance of two dominant, competing Agency and Stewardship governance theories to these organisations.

Two studies were conducted with the first establishing an inventory of notional nurse preferences for governance and the second testing these with a random sample of front-line non-metropolitan hospital nurses across one Australian State, with the aim of identifying valid and reliable measures.

The study data suggest nurses working in nonmetropolitan public hospitals expect governance practices to reflect: respect for and engagement with clinical perspectives; utilisation of evidence-based planning; and effective engagement withlocal communities. Scales with good consistency and criterion and construct validity measuring these three components were identified.

The study provides evidence that nurses expect and value a style of hospital governance that is consistent with Stewardship Theory. The results also suggest that governance is an important enough issue for nurses that it significantly affects their turnover intentions. This has important implications for healthcare leaders concerned about the sustainability of public hospitals.

Abbreviations: NPM – New Public Management; PCA – Principal Components Analysis.
Assessing the Adoption of a Home Health Provisioning System in India: an analysis of doctors’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions
Authors: Agarwal Nikunj , Agarwal Nikunj , Sebastian MP , Agarwal Shikhar
Published: May 2020

Background: Unlike developed countries, home healthcare provision systems (HHPS) are not widely prevalent in developing countries like India. Our objective was to study the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of doctors in India about the adoption of HHPS.

Methods: Our survey included 180 doctors across India, working in local hospitals. Using online and paperbased questionnaires, we used bar charts and pie charts to represent the frequency distributions. We also conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis to understand the importance of the selected factors upon the dependent variables of interest such as willingness to work during non-office hours, desire for increased remuneration, and willingness to enrol in HHPS.

Results: The desire for an increase in remuneration made doctors more willing to enrol in HHPS. Possible reasons for doctors to enrol included the ability to answer follow-up queries through email or video chat and HHPS being integrated with the local healthcare system in the hospital. Young male doctors were most likely willing to provide services through HHPS during nonoffice hours as compared to females. A large majority of doctors indicated hospital visits to be important for follow-up queries, but several doctors indicated that simple patient queries could be addressed by nonpersonal interactions like video chat or email.

Conclusions: The desire for extra remuneration could be the primary reason for the willingness of doctors to work during non-office hours and thus enrol in HHPS. The majority of doctors considered hospital visits to be important, but several doctors also indicated that nonpersonal interactions using text messages, telephone, email and video chat might serve as important methods to respond to simple follow-up queries from patients.

Abbreviations: EMR – Electronic Medical Record; HHPS – Home Help Provisioning Systems; ICT – Information and Communication Technology; ISO – International Organisation for Standardisation.
Correlations and Organisational Effects of Compensation and Benefits, Job Satisfaction, Career Satisfaction and Job Stress in Public and Private Hospitals in Lucknow, India
Authors: Saxena Neha , Rai Himanshu
Published: May 2020

The present study compares the organisational effect of compensation and benefits in public and private hospitals. It was observed that private hospital employees were more satisfied with their compensation and benefits as compared to the employees of government hospitals. Furthermore, the employees who were satisfied with their compensation and benefits were also found to be satisfied with their jobs.

Abbreviations: HR – Human Resources.
Examining efficient treatment of parts during ship repair with cutting fluids cleaning in magnetic sump
Authors: Avdeyev Boris Aleksandrovich , Vyngra Alexei Viktorovich
Published: May 2020

The article considers the problem of cleaning efficiency of cutting fluids used in the technological processes of parts treatment during ship repair. One of the cleaning instruments is a magnetic sump which has a high efficiency at a relatively low cost of operation and maintenance. The laboratory tests of the magnetic sump were carried out using a full-factor experiment, with changing certain parameters in order to identify the coolant purity index when cleaning from mechanical impurities. The dependencies are obtained that connect the value of the coolant purity index with the technological and construction parameters of the magnetic sump. The influence of the coolant purity index in the magnetic sump on the roughness of the polished surface of the samples was revealed. With a decreasing concentration of solids after cleaning in a magnetic sump, the surface roughness parameter of the samples decreases from 0.8 to 0.2 μm. The most rational parameters of the magnetic sump have been determined, at which the optimal surface roughness is observed when processing the engine crankshaft using coolant cleaned in a magnetic sump. The scheme of the experimental facility has been presented to determine the efficiency of cleaning the cutting fluid from the mechanical impurities in a magnetic sump, which includes a LATR adjustment transformer, a 220 / 12V step-down transformer, a voltmeter, an ammeter, a rectifier diode unit, and a magnetic sump. It has been stated that the errors of the presented experimental and calculated dependences did not exceed 10%. It has been inferred that cleaning the cutting fluid in the magnetic sump to maximum values allows increasing the intervals of machine time between cleaning the circle up to 70%.
Modeling working processes of self-regenerating filters functioning in lubricating systems of ship diesels
Authors: Kicha Gennadiy Petrovich , Boyko Sergey Petrovich , Kicha Paul Petrovich
Published: May 2020

The article highlights the urgency of the research of working processes of a self-cleaning filter designed to purify the engine oil in the internal combustion engines. There was carried out experimental modeling of countercurrent regeneration of self-cleaning filters used in fuel preparation and diesel lubrication systems on ships. The layout of the unit for modeling the working processes of self-regenerating filters includes a service tank, a hydraulic motor with a stirrer, a pump, a hydraulic cylinder, a receiver of compressed air, a waste tank, a filtering element, shut-off and pneumatic control equipment, a pollution gauge, a temperature sensor, and other elements. A planning matrix is formed, and the experiment results on evaluating the efficiency of the self-regenerating filters are illustrated. The main factors of the regeneration coefficient are considered. There are presented the dependencies of evaluating the process effectiveness and predicting the life of filters between dry cleanings. The methods of calculating the regeneration parameters of automated filters based on the SRF-60 and SRFD-120 modules have been presented, which allows choosing the hydrodynamic modes and backwash time of filter elements taking into account the operating conditions of oil filters. The influence of the filtering process regeneration efficiency identified by the specific intensity of the removal of the dispersed phase from the oil, hydrodynamics (Reynolds number) and the relative backwash time, the adhesive properties of sludge, the filter design, and dispersion of the pollution are analyzed. The evidence of the validation of the calculated experimental dependences obtained from the laboratory tests of the filter model and their compliance with the results of field tests of self-cleaning filters on ships are presented. The possibility of calculating and adjusting the off-line operation of the self-cleaning filter in the lubrication systems of marine diesel engines is presented subject to diesel forcing, fuel quality and lubricants used, oil aging, additives wear and contamination by coarse-grained mechanical impurities.
Determination of diesels lubricating oil consumption norms taking into account innovative technology of regeneration on ships
Authors: Glazyk Dmitry Konstantinovich , Manitsyn Vladimir Viktorovich , Simashov Rafail Ravilevich
Published: May 2020

The article considers the current methods of calculating norms of lubricating oil consumption by marine diesels that provide for three causes of oil loss: oil burning, evaporation rate, and replacement expense. According to the manual, the lubricating oil consumption for replacement is considered only in trunk diesel engines; in main crosshead diesel engines with capacity over 3000 kW it is not considered and not performed. The lubricating oil consumption norms are proposed to carry out in terms of burnout and evaporation, according to the methods of determining fuel consumption norms. To determine consumption norms, it is necessary to know the oil consumption characteristic in relation to the load of the diesels and the load distribution in the ship operating mode. In the low speed crosshead diesel engines the circulating oil is only consumed for evaporation, but the trunk diesel engines consume oil for evaporation, burnout and replacement. The diagram of dependence of the relative cylinder oil consumption on the relative load of the diesel engine in the helical characteristic mode is illustrated. A simplified technological scheme of low-tonnage regeneration of the used motor oils is presented. It is proposed to calculate the oil consumption by the lubrication pump according to a nonlinear dependence based on the speed of the crankshaft at a specific mode. The analysis of the evaporation and burnout is recommended to carry out using a linear relationship, subject to oil consumption in the idle mode. The cost of circulating oil replacement is recommended to calculate according to the diesel operating time. Application of the used lubricating oil regeneration by means of a ship small-sized plant allows to achieve the oil consumption reduction by 19-48% depending on the ship operating mo
"POLYHEDRAL CONTRACTION" OF TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CLOSO-CARBOUNDECABORATE UNDER THE ACTION OF RUCL2(PPH3)3
Authors: Konoplev Vitalii Evgenievich , Tachev Maxim Vladimirovich , Ulyukina Elena Anatolievna
Published: May 2020

In this paper the objectives were not only to investigate new promising methods leading to a deep structural rearrangement of carboranes and metallacarboranes but also to try to fix, to isolate and to characterize the intermediates. At the same time considerable atten-tion is paid to the so-called "anti-wade" clusters formed during the reactions, the elec-tronic structure of which does not correspond to their actually observed geometry. It is shown that the interaction of 11-vertex monocarbon closo-carboundecaborane with tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium dichloride leads to a series of new metallacarborane complexes. For the first time it was possible to control the process of "polyhedral contrac-tion" of carborane {CB10} → (RuCB10} → {RuCB9} → {RuCB8} → {RuCB6} on the example of ruthenium complex and also to confirm experimentally each stage of the whole process. As a result of the reaction clusters of classical type and electron-deficient isocloso-/hypercloso-rutenacarborans {RuCB8}, {RuCB9} with 2n skeletal electrons were isolated.
MODERN EDUCATIONAL STRATEGY: SKILL TRAINING IN EFFECTIVE THINKING
Authors: Sukhanova Natalya Petrovna
Published: May 2020

The situation of crisis characteristic of education actualizes the consideration of a modern educational strategy in order to identify its methodological foundations. The educational strategies developed in the period of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the New Age are ana-lyzed. As part of the traditional educational strategy shows the subject-objective nature of the interaction of the teacher and the student. The failure of the traditional paradigm in the knowledge society is demonstrated. The post-industrial society proclaiming informati-zation creates a cultural environment, with a value system corresponding to it, where ed-ucation occupies a special place, but its essential characteristics are such as “creative”, “reflexive”, “critical”. The concept of an educational space that is in development, contrib-uting to the isolation of the “image” of individuality in man is investigated. It is concluded that the emerging modern educational strategy is dependent, in particular, on the devel-opment of information technologies, which is reflected in the organization of the educa-tional process and the educational system as a whole.
PHILOSOPHICAL PRACTICE AS A NEW LANGUAGE OF PHILOSOPHICAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Pashchenko Olga Vitalevna , Klenovskaia Vasilisa Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2020

The relevance of the research is conditioned by the processes of transformation not only of scientific knowledge, but also of the education system. Society is increasingly oriented towards the applied nature of the knowledge it receives. Philosophy, which is, first of all, theoretical science, is looking for ways for further development. Public interest in philosophy is preserved, but the forms of translation of philosophical knowledge become inaccessible for many people. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that philosophical practice offers new forms of philosophy reflecting the needs of modern man.
HUMANITARIAN KNOWLEDGE IN THE MODERNIZATION MECHANISM
Authors: Zhdanov Andrey Igorevich
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the humanitarian aspects of public administration reform. In the conditions of intensive development of digital technologies and artificial in-telligence, the use of the tools of the exact sciences in interaction with social reality does not allow us to determine the social effect of these reforms, since it is measured by the population’s interest in achieving specific results. In the framework of the technical sci-ences, it is impossible to identify a set of dispositions that form the level of support for reforms and their willingness to participate in them.
Brasileiros e pecuária no norte do Uruguai: produção e mercado em meados do século XIX.
Authors: Menegat Carla
Published: May 2020

Através desse artigo busca-se discutir o papel que a presença de produtores de gado brasileiros no norte do Uruguai teve na organização política daquele país e do Brasil ao longo das cinco primeiras décadas de existência da nação uruguaia. Observando dados de documentação diplomática, legislativa e fiscal buscou-se observar a conformação de estratégias que permitiram a articulação de demandas dos grupos regionais com os interesses do poder central, demonstrando que alinhamentos foram circunstanciais e exigiram mudanças no equilíbrio de forças entre os diferentes atores. Também se discute a dinâmica da constituição da elite regional, mostrando sua heterogeneidade econômica e política.
Cazadores y pastores: agentes, mercados y derechos de propiedad en la ganadería colonial rioplatense
Authors: Moraes María Inés
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo discute, con base en resultados de investigación y en un esquema analítico desarrollado por el antropólogo Tim Ingold, el punto de vista que ordena la historia de la tecnología ganadera rioplatense en una secuencia lineal de etapas evolutivas. Analiza los sistemas ganaderos del Litoral rioplatense en el período colonial tardío y concluye que la tecnología ganadera del Río de la Plata desde sus etapas tempranas hasta comenzar el siglo XIX respondió al desarrollo y comportamiento de los mercados, de los diversos agentes y de los regímenes de propiedad vigentes en las diversas comunidades del territorio.
Desarrollo rural, movilización política e institucionalización: la experiencia asociativa de los pequeños productores familiares del departamento Vera en el norte santafesino
Authors: Urcola Marcos Andrés
Published: May 2020

El artículo se propone explorar el universo de nuevas formas de organización y acción colectiva que surgen incipientemente en el contexto de la década de 1990 y que tienden a consolidarse a partir del nuevo milenio en torno a la figura de la agricultura familiar. Con un diseño metodológico de caso y enmarcado teóricamente en la perspectiva de los estudios de la acción colectiva (movilización de recursos y nuevos movimientos sociales), se presentan los resultados de un estudio exploratorio sobre la experiencia asociativa de la Unión de Familias Organizadas de Pequeños Productores de la Cuña Boscosa y los Bajos Submeridionales (UOCB) en el norte de la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina).
Aquisições da agricultura familiar e qualidade dos alimentos fornecidos na rede escolar municipal de Catuípe/RS
Authors: Vieira Eilamaria Libardoni , Basso David , Krüger Nathalia Rosa
Published: May 2020

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) objetiva contribuir para o rendimento escolar, formação de práticas alimentares saudáveis, com logística de compras de alimentos para promover o desenvolvimento local com a inclusão de pequenos agricultores neste mercado institucional. O trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a relação da agricultura familiar no fornecimento de alimentos para estudantes das escolas municipais de Catuípe/RS, com a qualidade dos produtos adquiridos de agricultores familiares e com a sua repercussão na dinamização do desenvolvimento local. Para a pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, utilizou-se de análise documental para dar conta da qualidade dos alimentos, com destaque para os editais de chamadas públicas do município para a alimentação escolar de 2010 a 2019, resgatando informações relativas ao ano, quantidade, valor e descrição dos alimentos, que foram classificados em grupos por tipos e de acordo com o grau de processamento. Para analisar as relações entre agricultura familiar, alimentação escolar e desenvolvimento local foram utilizadas entrevistas abertas com pessoas envolvidas na operacionalização do programa de alimentação nas escolas locais. Os principais resultados evidenciam um volume de compras maior dos alimentos in natura e minimamente processados, que são mais saudáveis, fornecidos por agricultores familiares. Os demais são alimentos processados por agroindústrias familiares, tipo caseiro ou colonial, com baixa utilização de ingredientes ultraprocessados e aditivos químicos. O aumento da participação de alimentos fornecidos por agricultores e agroindústrias familiares locais para a alimentação escolar em anos recentes indica potencial para contribuir no desenvolvimento local na perspectiva centrada nos princípios da segurança alimentar e nutricional como contraponto à agricultura convencional.
Palavras-chave: PNAE. Agricultura Familiar. Qualidade dos alimentos. Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Desenvolvimento local sustentável.
Mitral regurgitation and dyspnoea: the expanding role of mitral effective regurgitant orifice among un-selected patients
Authors: Maffeis Caterina , Inciardi Riccardo Maria , Benfari Giovanni , Bergamini Corinna , Ribichini Flavio Luciano , Cicoira Mariantonietta , Rossi Andrea
Published: May 2020

Aims

Mitral regurgitation is frequent in the general population and among suspected heart failure patients; however, to what extent it contributes to dyspnoea is unclear. We hypothesized mitral regurgitation to have a role in determining dyspnoea in unselected ambulatory patients.

Methods

Consecutive outpatients referred for echocardiography were retrospectively screened and included. We excluded patients with mitral stenosis or prosthesis, congenital heart disease, cardiac surgery (previous 6 months) and atrial fibrillation. Patients were classified into four dyspnoea grades based on how they perceived their disability. We assessed mitral regurgitation severity through the effective regurgitant orifice area (ERO).

Results

One hundred and fifty-four patients (58% men; age 67 ± 14 years; mean ejection fraction 54 ± 12%) formed the study population; 76 (49%) classified asymptomatic (grade I), 63 (41%) dyspnoea grade II and 15 (10%) grade III; none was in grade IV. Mitral regurgitation was present in 102 patients (66%): primary in 14 (14%) and secondary in 88 (86%); among grades I, II and III patients, mitral regurgitation was present in 35 (46%; ERO 0.05 ± 0.10 cm2), 52 (82%; ERO 0.10 ± 0.13 cm2) and 15 (100%; ERO 0.20 ± 0.11 cm2) patients, respectively (P < 0.0001). After adjusting for clinical (age, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney injury, chronic pulmonary disease) and echocardiographic confounders (ejection fraction, E/e‘), ERO remained associated with symptoms presence (grade I versus II - III; P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion

Among unselected heterogeneous ambulatory patients, mitral ERO was associated with the presence of dyspnoea and could therefore help in identifying symptomatic patients and in clinical characterization of patients with perceived dyspnoea.
ПРИНЦИП ВЗАИМНОСТИ И ОГОВОРКА О ПУБЛИЧНОМ ПОРЯДКЕ
В ИНСТИТУТЕ ТРАНСГРАНИЧНОГО БАНКРОТСТВА
ПО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВУ РОССИИ И США
Authors: Prisekina Natalia G. , Zamulina Ekaterina E.
Published: May 2020

Вопрос о разрешении проблем, касающихся проведения процедуры трансграничного банкротства, является одним из самых актуальных на сего-дняшний день в международном правоприменении. С одной стороны, затрагивается сугубо специальная область юриспруденции, вызывающая немалые вопросы даже в отечественном правопорядке, банкротство. С другой стороны, вызывают вопросы ключевые аспекты и понятия международного частного права, в частности принцип взаимности и оговорка о публичном порядке. В предлагаемой статье авторами произведен сравнительно-правовой анализ законодательства и правоприменения Соединенных Штатов Америки (США) и Российской Федерации (РФ), в результате которого выявлены отдельные проблемы трансграничного банкротства, а также смоделированы возможные пути их решения.

The discussion of resolving issues to transnational bankruptcy proceedings is one of the most actual subjects in the international enforcement today. On the one hand, it is a broach upon a special sphere of jurisprudence causing a considerable question in domestic law – bankruptcy. On the flip side, key aspects and definitions of the international private law, particularly the principle of reciprocity and public policy clause, raise questions. In the present article the authors produce a comparative legal analysis of legislation and law enforcement practice of the United States of America (USA) and the Russian Federation (RF), the results of which identify certain issues of cross-border bankruptcies and model possible ways of their resolution.