bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dithienocarbazole‐Based Ladder‐Type Heptacyclic Arenes with Silicon, Carbon, and Nitrogen Bridges: Synthesis, Molecular Properties, Field‐Effect Transistors, and Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Wu Jhong‐Sian , Cheng Yen‐Ju , Lin Tai‐Yen , Chang Chih‐Yu , Shih Peng‐I. , Hsu Chain‐Shu
Published: February 2012

A new class of ladder‐type dithienosilolo‐carbazole (DTSC), dithienopyrrolo‐carbazole (DTPC), and dithienocyclopenta‐carbazole (DTCC) units is developed in which two outer thiophene subunits are covalently fastened to the central 2,7‐carbazole cores by silicon, nitrogen, and carbon bridges, respectively. The heptacyclic multifused monomers are polymerized with the benzothiadiazole (BT) acceptor by palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling to afford three alternating donor‐acceptor copolymers poly(dithienosilolo‐carbazole‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (PDTSCBT), poly(dithienocyclopenta‐carbazole‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (PDTCCBT), and poly(dithienopyrrolo‐carbazole‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (PDTPCBT). The silole units in DTSC possess electron‐accepting ability that lowers the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of PDTSCBT, whereas stronger electron‐donating ability of the pyrrole moiety in DTPC increases the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of PDTPCBT. The optical bandgaps (Egopt) deduced from the absorption edges of thin film spectra are in the following order: PDTSCBT (1.83 eV) > PDTCCBT (1.64 eV) > PDTPCBT (1.50 eV). This result indicated that the donor strength of the heptacyclic arenes is in the order: DTPC > DTCC > DTSC. The devices based on PDTSCBT and PDTCCBT exhibited high hole mobilities of 0.073 and 0.110 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, which are among the highest performance from the OFET devices based on the amorphous donor‐acceptor copolymers. The bulk heterojunction photovoltaic device using PDTSCBT as the p‐type material delivered a promising efficiency of 5.2% with an enhanced open circuit voltage, Voc, of 0.82 V.
New Biomimetic Directions in Regenerative Ophthalmology
Authors: Green David W. , Watson Gregory S. , Watson Jolanta , Abraham Samuel J. K.
Published: February 2012

One of the most complete and permanent ways of treating many causes of visual impairment and blindness is to replace the entire affected tissue with pre‐cultured ocular tissues supported and maintained on biomaterial frameworks. One direction towards enhancing ocular tissue regeneration on biomaterials, in the laboratory is by applying biomimicry. Specifically to engineer biomaterials with important functional elements of the native extracellular matrices, such as topography, that support and organise cells into coherent tissues. Further problems in regenerative ophthalmology can be potentially solved through application of biomimicry. They include, more efficient ways of moving and transplanting cultivated tissues into correct therapeutic locations inside the eye and scar‐less, non‐destructive healing of surgical incisions and wounds, to repair structural integrity of tissues at the ocular surface. Two examples are given to show this potential for redeveloping an ocular epithelium onto a nanostructured insect wing surface and producing an origami membrane modelled on deployable structures in nature. Efforts to harness natural innovation will eventually provide unique designs and structures that cannot for now be made synthetically, for regeneration of clinically acceptable ocular tissues.
An update on pediatric bleeding disorders: Bleeding scores, benign joint hypermobility, and platelet function testing in the evaluation of the child with bleeding symptoms
Authors: O'Brien Sarah H.
Published: February 2012

Evaluating a child with symptoms of easy bruising and/or bleeding remains a challenge in pediatric hematology, and there is no “one size fits all” approach. This review focuses on recent research in three elements of the evaluation of a child with a suspected bleeding disorder. We will first discuss the development of the standardized Pediatric Bleeding Questionnaire, and its applications in research and clinical settings. We will then discuss the relationship between benign hypermobility syndromes and hemostasis, and the importance of including a Beighton Score in the physical examination of any child presenting with unusual bruising or bleeding. While prolonged bleeding times and abnormal platelet aggregation are common findings in children with benign hypermobility, normal coagulation studies do not exclude the presence of a connective tissue disorder in a child presenting with easy bleeding and joint hypermobility on examination. Finally, we will discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the laboratory evaluation of platelet function in children. Platelet function disorders are among the most common inherited bleeding disorders. However, testing for such disorders is time‐consuming and requires a step‐wise approach. We will review the indications for and limitations of the most commonly utilized platelet function laboratory studies. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering multiple myeloma, and curcumin: A randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled cross‐over 4g study and an open‐label 8g extension study
Authors: Golombick Terry , Diamond Terrence H. , Manoharan Arumugam , Ramakrishna Rajeev
Published: February 2012

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) represent useful models for studying multiple myeloma precursor disease, and for developing early intervention strategies. Administering a 4g dose of curcumin, we performed a randomised, double‐blind placebo‐controlled cross‐over study, followed by an open‐label extension study using an 8g dose to assess the effect of curcumin on FLC response and bone turnover in patients with MGUS and SMM. 36 patients (19 MGUS and 17 SMM) were randomised into two groups: one received 4g curcumin and the other 4g placebo, crossing over at 3 months. At completion of the 4g arm, all patients were given the option of entering an open‐label, 8g dose extension study. Blood and urine samples were collected at specified intervals for specific marker analyses. Group values are expressed as mean ± 1 SD. Data from different time intervals within groups were compared using Student's paired t‐test. 25 patients completed the 4g cross‐over study and 18 the 8g extension study. Curcumin therapy decreased the free light‐chain ratio (rFLC), reduced the difference between clonal and nonclonal light‐chain (dFLC) and involved free light‐chain (iFLC). uDPYD, a marker of bone resorption, decreased in the curcumin arm and increased on the placebo arm. Serum creatinine levels tended to diminish on curcumin therapy. These findings suggest that curcumin might have the potential to slow the disease process in patients with MGUS and SMM. Am. J. Hematol. 87:455–460, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The aging patient with hemophilia
Authors: Konkle Barbara A.
Published: February 2012

The prospects for many boys born with hemophilia today include a normal life expectancy and minimal to no joint disease. However, despite the availability of safe replacement clotting factor concentrates and effective antiviral treatment, the aging patient with hemophilia today faces many challenges. These include management of their hemophilia as well as the same age‐related health issues as experienced in the general population. While increasing, data on the prevalence of comorbidities and their management in the hemophilia population remain limited. This review will focus on issues related to management of hemophilia and complications of cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, hepatic, and renal disease. Available research is summarized and potential approaches to management are discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced photocatalytic performance of molecularly imprinted hydroxyapatite thin film for bilirubin degradation
Authors: Yang Zhengpeng , Zhang Chunjing
Published: February 2012

A molecularly imprinted hydroxyapatite (HAP) thin film was constructed onto the surface of quartz crystal using molecular imprinting and surface sol–gel process. Quartz crystal microbalance technique was employed to in situ investigate the interaction between bilirubin (BR) and HAP film. Compared with non‐imprinted HAP film, the molecularly imprinted HAP film not only exhibits a much higher adsorption capacity for BR molecule, but shows an enhanced photocatalytic activity in degrading BR. According to the in situ frequency measurement, the degradation‐rate constants (K) of BR on imprinted HAP film is about 8.05 × 10−4 s−1, which is two times higher than that obtained on non‐imprinted HAP film. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression analysis
Authors: Carvalho Felicia I. , Johns Christopher , Gillespie Marc E.
Published: February 2012

Genome scale experiments routinely produce large data sets that require computational analysis, yet there are few student‐based labs that illustrate the design and execution of these experiments. In order for students to understand and participate in the genomic world, teaching labs must be available where students generate and analyze large data sets. We present a microarray‐based gene expression analysis experiment that is tailored for undergraduate students. The methods in this article describe an expression analysis experiment that can also be applied to CGH and SNP experiments. Factors such as technical difficulty, duration, cost, and availability of materials and equipments are considered in the lab design. The microarray teaching lab is performed in two sessions. The first is an introductory wet bench exercise that allows students to master the basic technical skills. The second builds on the concepts and skills with students acquiring and analyzing the microarray data. This lab exercise familiarizes students with large‐scale data experiments and introduces them to the initial analysis steps.
Development of a rapid UPLC‐MS/MS method for quantification of saxagliptin in rat plasma and application to pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Gao Jing‐wen , Yuan Yue‐mei , Lu Ya‐song , Yao Mei‐cun
Published: February 2012

A novel, simple and rapid ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) assay was established for quantification of saxagliptin in rat plasma. Plasma samples were processed by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and chromatographed on a C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm i.d., 1.7 µm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol and 0.1% formic acid (40:60, v/v). Multiple reaction monitoring transitions were performed for detection in positive‐ion mode with an electrospray ionization source. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.5–100 ng/mL (R2 > 0.99). All accuracy values were between 90.62 and 105.60% relative error and the intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were less than 9.66% relative standard deviation. Extraction recovery was more than 81.01% and the matrix effect ranged from 90.27 to 109.15%. After validation, the method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study where healthy rats were orally given 0.5 mg/kg saxagliptin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total Synthesis of Bafilomycin A1
Authors: Kleinbeck Florian , Fettes Gabriela J. , Fader Lee D. , Carreira Erick M.
Published: February 2012

A convergent synthesis of bafilomycin A1, a potent inhibitor of V‐type ATPases, is presented. The synthesis relies on the zinc triflate mediated diastereoselective addition of a complex enyne to a sensitive aldehyde as the key fragment coupling. A ruthenium‐catalyzed trans‐reduction of the resulting propargylic enyne efficiently installs the required C10–C13 trans,trans‐diene subunit, implementing an alternative strategy to traditional palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling strategies. A highly selective oxidation of a secondary hydroxyl group in a triol sets the stage for the completion of the synthesis.
Triangular Nickel Complexes Derived from 2‐Pyridylcyanoxime: An Approach to the Magnetic Properties of the [Ni3(μ3‐OH){pyC(R)NO}3]2+ Core
Authors: Esteban Jordi , Ruiz Eliseo , Font‐Bardia Mercé , Calvet Teresa , Escuer Albert
Published: February 2012

A series of nickel complexes with nuclearity ranging from Ni3 to Ni6 have been obtained by treatment of a variety of nickel salts with the 2‐pyridylcyanoxime ligand. The reported compounds have as a common structural feature the triangular arrangement of nickel cations bridged by a central μ3‐oxo/alkoxo ligand. These compounds are simultaneously the first nickel derivatives of the 2‐pyridylcyanoxime ligand and the first examples of isolated, μ3‐O triangular pyridyloximate nickel complexes. Magnetic measurements reveal antiferromagnetic interactions promoted by the μ3‐O and oximato superexchange pathways and comparison of the experimental structural and magnetic data with DFT calculations give an in‐depth explanation of the factors that determine the magnetic interaction in this kind of system.
Synthesis of Aldehyde‐Linked Nucleotides and DNA and Their Bioconjugations with Lysine and Peptides through Reductive Amination
Authors: Raindlová Veronika , Pohl Radek , Hocek Michal
Published: February 2012

5‐(5‐Formylthienyl)‐, 5‐(4‐formylphenyl)‐ and 5‐(2‐fluoro‐5‐formylphenyl)cytosine 2′‐deoxyribonucleoside mono‐ (dCRMP) and triphosphates (dCRTP) were prepared by aqueous Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of 5‐iodocytosine nucleotides with the corresponding formylarylboronic acids. The dCRTPs were excellent substrates for DNA polymerases and were incorporated into DNA by primer extension or PCR. Reductive aminations of the model dCRMPs with lysine or lysine‐containing tripeptide were studied and optimized. In aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 6.7) the yields of the reductive aminations with tripeptide III were up to 25 %. Bioconjugation of an aldehyde‐containing DNA with a lysine‐containing tripeptide was achieved through reductive amination in yields of up to 90 % in aqueous phosphate buffer.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Na2MMgP2O8 (M: Ba, Sr, Ca) Orthophosphates and Their Luminescence Properties Activated by Eu2+; Analogous Structural Behaviors of Glaserite‐Type Phosphates and Silicates.
Authors: Yonesaki Yoshinori , Matsuda Chihiro
Published: February 2012

The title compounds are prepared by standard solid state reactions and characterized by powder XRD, Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unprecedented Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Based on the First {Nb10V4O40(OH)2}12‐ Clusters and Copper Cations.
Authors: Huang Peng , Qin Chao , Wang Xin‐Long , Sun Chun‐Yi , Yang Guang‐Sheng , Shao Kui‐Zhan , Jiao Yan‐Qing , Zhou Kun , Su Zhong‐Min
Published: February 2012

The new compound {[Cu6(phen)6(H2O)3] [Nb10V4O40(OH)2]}2 ·13H2O is obtained from an aqueous mixture of K7HNb6O19, Cu(OAc)2, NaVO3, phen, and NaOH (pH 11.2, 58 °C, 8 h, 57% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Efficient Trimethylsilylcyanation of Ketones Catalyzed by PNP Chloride.
Authors: Lacour Marie‐Agnes , Rahier Nicolas J. , Taillefer Marc
Published: February 2012

Trimethylsilylcyanation of a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic ketones proceeds under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature using low amounts of bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium chloride as organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Deacylative Allylation: Allylic Alkylation via Retro‐Claisen Activation.
Authors: Grenning Alexander J. , Tunge Jon A.
Published: February 2012

The reactions proceed via a retro‐Claisen rearrangement generating an allylic acetate and a carbanion which undergo Pd‐catalyzed C—C bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Alkenylation of Aromatic Ketones with Alkenes by C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Padala Kishor , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: February 2012

A series of Heck‐type monoalkenylated products (III) is readily prepared with an excellent E‐stereoselectivity by a ruthenium‐catalyzed reaction of aryl ketones (I) with alkenes (II) in the presence of cupric acetate as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Iodination of Carbonyl Compounds Using Ammonium Iodide and Oxone®.
Authors: Reddy Marri Mahender , Kumar Macharla Arun , Swamy Peraka , Narender Nama
Published: February 2012

A novel protocol for the selective α‐monoiodination of a variety of ketones and β‐keto ester is developed without the need for any metal or acid catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphonium Salt Catalyzed Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes.
Authors: Werner Thomas , Riahi Abdol Majid , Schramm Heiko
Published: February 2012

A polymer‐bound phosphonium salt can be used with similar results.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene‐hydrobromide‐perbromide: An Oxidizing Agent for One‐Pot Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes.
Authors: Jafari Aghdas , Bakavoli Mehdi , Pordel Mehdi
Published: February 2012

An efficient method for the esterification of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes (I) with simple alcohols (II) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Successful Application of Indirect Electrooxidation for the Transformation of Biaryl Methanols to the Corresponding Biaryl Ketones.
Authors: Okimoto Mitsuhiro , Yoshida Takashi , Hoshi Masayuki , Chiba Tomohito , Maeo Kei
Published: February 2012

Optimum reaction conditions are examined for the electrooxidation of biaryl methanols (I) to the corresponding ketones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Heterocycle‐Tethered Spiro Compounds via an Intramolecular Electrophilic Ipso‐Iodocyclization Process.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Ghosh Tapas , Shyam Pranab K.
Published: February 2012

A general protocol for the intramolecular electrophilic ipso‐iodocyclization of phenylpropiolamides (I) and (IV) is designed to yield highly functionalized spiro compounds (III) and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrroles in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of 2‐Benzoyl‐aziridines and Allenoates.
Authors: Cardoso Ana L. , Nunes Rui M. D. , Arnaut Luis G. , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: February 2012

In some cases, the process is more efficient if small amounts of MeCN are added as co‐solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Methylene Bridge Functionalized Bis(indolyl)methanes Thorough a Double Michael Addition.
Authors: Kargar Mojgan , Hekmatshoar Rahim , Mostashari AbdolJalil
Published: February 2012

The simple synthesis of novel bis(indolyl)methylmalonates based on an acid‐catalyzed double Michael addition is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Histamine H3 and H4 Receptor Activity of Conformationally Restricted Cyanoguanidines Related to UR‐PI376.
Authors: Geyer Roland , Buschauer Armin
Published: February 2012

It is shown that the quality of action of the synthesized compounds, their potency and receptor subtype selectivity depend on the stereochemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Bisphosphonate and Bisphosphonic Acid Derivatives and Heterocyclic and Dialkylcarbamoyl Oxazolone Derivatives with Anticancer and Antischistosomal Activity.
Authors: Boulos Leila S. , Ewies Ewies F. , Fahmy Amin F. M.
Published: February 2012

The reactions of 2‐aryl‐5(4H)‐oxazolones with phosphonates, phosphates, and tris(alkylamino)phosphines are studied and the underlying different reaction mechanisms are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Amido Linked Pyrrolyl and Pyrazolyl‐Oxazoles, Thiazoles and Imidazoles.
Authors: Padmavathi V. , Kumari C. Prema , Venkatesh B. C. , Padmaja A.
Published: February 2012

The title compounds (V), (VII) and (VIII) are obtained by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of TosMic or diazomethane to the respective cinnamamide derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiazolyl Benzimidazoles and Thiazolyl Coumarins Linked to Isoxazole as Possible Biodynamic Agents.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Murthy K. Rama , Reddy M. Nagi , Shaik Firoz Pasha
Published: February 2012

A new series of the title compounds is formed by cyclocondensation of isoxazole derivatives (I) with mercaptosuccinic acid followed by cyclization with diamines (VI) or salicylaldehydes (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Multi‐Component Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4H‐chromenes Catalyzed by Nano ZnO in Water.
Authors: Hosseini‐Sarvari Mona , Shafiee‐Haghighi Sara
Published: February 2012

Zinc oxide nanoparticles efficiently catalyze the three‐component condensation of aryl aldehydes with malononitrile and naphthols or phenols affording 2‐amino‐4H‐chromenes in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis and Free‐Radical Scavenging Capacity of New 2,4‐Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines Prepared via BiCl3‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Povarov Reaction, Using N‐Vinylamides.
Authors: Kouznetsov Vladimir V. , Gomez Carlos M. Melendez , Parada Luz K. Luna , Bermudez John H. , Mendez Leonor Y. Vargas , Acevedo Amner Munoz
Published: February 2012

The method is highly suitable for the library synthesis of novel cis‐tetrahydroquinolines with antioxidant properties.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 4‐Alkoxy(or Aryloxy)‐3‐arylisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones from 2‐[Alkoxy(or Aryloxy)methyl]benzonitriles.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Kota , Kobayashi Akihiro , Tanmatsu Miyuki
Published: February 2012

A two‐step sequence starting with aroylation of benzonitriles (I) and followed by hydrolytic cyclization provides a convenient method for the synthesis of title compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1‐haloindolizines from Pyridinium Salts and 2‐Aryl‐1,1‐dihaloalk‐1‐enes.
Authors: Yang Yiwen , Kuang Chunxiang , Jin Hui , Yang Qing
Published: February 2012

A novel access is developed by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of pyridinium salts with halo(aryl)alkynes generated in situ from 1,1‐dihaloalkenes and DBU.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline Derivatives from N‐Ylides: Synthetic Control and Structural Characterization.
Authors: Dumitrascu Florea , Caira Mino R. , Georgescu Emilian , Georgescu Florentina , Draghici Constantin , Popa Marcel Mirel
Published: February 2012

New pyrroloisoquinolines (III) are synthesized via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between symmetrical acetylenic dipolarophiles (II) and isoquinolinium N‐ylides.
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Modular Assembly of Multisubstituted Cyclohexanes via Dioxanone—Dienes.
Authors: Aoki Yoshifumi , Mochizuki Yuta , Yoshinari Tomohiro , Ohmori Ken , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: February 2012

An effective one‐pot method for the title compounds (III) and (VII) is presented from the easily available alcohols (I).
ChemInform Abstract: p‐Sulfonic Acid Calixarenes as Efficient and Reusable Organocatalysts for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones/‐thiones.
Authors: da Silva Daniel L. , Fernandes Sergio A. , Sabino Adao A. , de Fatima Angelo
Published: February 2012

Among different calixarenes tested, CLX is found to be the most efficient one.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Linked Dihydropyrimidinones via Huisgen 1,3‐Dipolar/Biginelli Cycloaddition.
Authors: Salehi Peyman , Dabiri Minoo , Koohshari Majid , Movahed Siyavash Kazemi , Bararjanian Morteza
Published: February 2012

The synthesis of the biologically important heterocyclic scaffolds is accomplished via sequential 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azides with propargylated benzaldehydes and Biginelli condensation of the resulting intermediate with urea and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Efficient Synthesis of Some Novel Fused Thieno Pyrimidines Using Gewald′s Reaction.
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna V. S. , Kambhampati Rama Sastri , Kothmirkar Prabhakar , Arepalli Sobhanadri , Pamuleti Narasimha Reddy G. , Shide Anil K. , Dubey P. K.
Published: February 2012

Novel heterocyclic compounds, e.g. (X), (XV), and (XVII), are prepared by facile methods and screened for in vitro biological activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2,3‐Dihydropyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones from 4,6‐Dichloro‐5‐formylpyrimidine, Amines and Aldehydes.
Authors: Xiang Jinbao , Geng Chao , Yi Lang , Dang Qun , Bai Xu
Published: February 2012

Key step in the synthesis of the title compounds is the cyclization of 4‐amino‐pyrimidine‐5‐carboxamides with aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzothiazepine Derivatives Bearing 2‐Phenoxy‐quinoline Moiety via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Dong Zhi‐Qiang , Liu Fang‐Ming , Xu Feng , Yuan Zai‐Liang
Published: February 2012

Nitrile oxides and nitrile imines, generated in situ, undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with the benzothiazepine derivative (I) to give cycloadducts containing oxadiazole or triazole moieties.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Structural Analysis and Theoretical Studies of New Phosphite‐Derived Ylides.
Authors: Rostamizadeh Mohsen , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa , Hazeri Nourallah , Charati Faramarz Rostami , Kazemian Mohammad Amin , Skelton Brian W. , Makha Mohamed
Published: February 2012

The reaction between electron‐deficient acetylenedicarboxylates (I), triethyl phosphite (II), and N‐H heterocycles (III) provides access to the stable phosphorus ylides (IV) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Klysimplexins U—X, Eunicellin‐Based Diterpenoids from the Cultured Soft Coral Klyxum simplex.
Authors: Chen Bo‐Wei , Huang Chiung‐Yao , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Su Jui‐Hsin , Wang Wei‐Hsien , Sung Ping‐Jyun , Wu Yang‐Chang , Sheu Jyh‐Horng
Published: February 2012

None of the new eunicellin‐based diterpenoids (I)—(IV) is found to possess significant cytotoxicity and antiinflammatory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Precursor of K252a and Its Analogues.
Authors: Sun Xiuwei , Zhou Xuan , Ke Bowen , Song Hao , Wang Xiaolin , Yu Guofeng , Xu Tianshuai , Deng Xianglin
Published: February 2012

A practical and efficient approach to diastereoisomeric furanoses (X) and (XI), key intermediates for the synthesis of the indole alkaloid K252a, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: N6‐Substituted Adenosines, Cytokinin and Antitumor Activities.
Authors: Kolyachkina Svetlana V. , Tararov Vitali I. , Alexeev Cyril S. , Krivosheev Dmitry M. , Romanov Georgy A. , Stepanova Evgenia V. , Solomko Eliso S. , Inshakov Andrey N. , Mikhailov Sergey N.
Published: February 2012

The synthesis of a series of N6‐substituted adenosines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Usabamycins A—C: New Anthramycin‐Type Analogues from a Marine‐Derived Actinomycete.
Authors: Sato Seizo , Iwata Fumie , Yamada Shoichi , Kawahara Hiroyuki , Katayama Masashi
Published: February 2012

The title usabamycins (I), isolated from cultures of Streptomyces sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward the Total Synthesis of Bryostatin 11: Stereoselective Construction of the C13‐Exocyclic Enoate in the C1—C16 Fragment.
Authors: Nakagawa‐Goto Kyoko , Crimmins Michael T.
Published: February 2012

A spiroketal template is utilized in the approach to the C1‐C16 fragment of bryostatin 11.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of Mutaprodenafil in a Dietary Supplement and Its Subsequent Synthesis.
Authors: Demizu Yosuke , Wakana Daigo , Kamakura Hiroyuki , Kurihara Masaaki , Okuda Haruhiro , Goda Yukihiro
Published: February 2012

The new illegal sildenafil analogue named mutaprodenafil (I) is isolated from a dietary supplement for erectile dysfunction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of the High‐Brightness Eu3+‐Doped M2Gd4(MoO4)7 (M: Li, Na) Red Phosphors.
Authors: Zhao Chengchun , Yin Xin , Huang Fuqiang , Hang Yin
Published: February 2012

The title phosphors are synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of M2CO3 (M: Li, Na), Gd2O3, Eu2O3, and Mo2O3 (air, 850 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Nanotubes: From Nano Test Tube to Nano‐Reactor
Authors: Khlobystov Andrei N.
Published: February 2012

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Large Molecules Containing Icosahedral Boron Clusters Designed for Potential Applications
Authors: Vinas Clara , Nunez Rosario , Teixidor Francesc
Published: February 2012

Review: 222 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Metal Complexes
Authors: Abe Taichi , Miyazawa Akira , Kawanishi Yuji , Konno Hideo
Published: February 2012

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Valence Isomerization Between Diazo Compounds and Diazirines
Authors: Korneev Sergei M.
Published: February 2012

Review: 190 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Increasing the Reactivity of Nitrogen Catalysts.
Authors: De Rycke Nicolas , Couty Francois , David Olivier R. P.
Published: February 2012

Review: 177 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(Silylmethyl)amines, ‐amides, and ‐amino Acids: Biological Activity and Prospects in Drug Synthesis
Authors: Lazareva N. F.
Published: February 2012

Review: 162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Hydrogenation on Pd Model Supported Catalysts: New Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Ludwig Wiebke , Savara Aditya , Dostert Karl‐Heinz , Schauermann Swetlana
Published: February 2012

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing Elementary Steps of Nickel‐Mediated Bond Activation in Gas‐Phase Reactions: Ligand‐ and Cluster‐Size Effects
Authors: Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: February 2012

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Similarities in Enzymatic, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts of Water Oxidation
Authors: Swiegers Gerhard F. , Clegg Jack K. , Stranger Rob
Published: February 2012

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial and High‐Throughput Screening of Materials Libraries: Review of State of the Art
Authors: Potyrailo Radislav , Rajan Krishna , Stoewe Klaus , Takeuchi Ichiro , Chisholm Bret , Lam Hubert
Published: February 2012

Review: 516 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative DNA Base‐Pairs: From Efforts to Expand the Genetic Code to Potential Material Applications
Authors: Wojciechowski Filip , Leumann Christian J.
Published: February 2012

Review: 78 refs.
Highly Sensitive Functionalized Conducting Copolypyrrole Film for DNA Sensing and Protein‐resistant
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Li Guijuan , Yan Fufeng , Zhang Zhonghou , Fang Shaoming
Published: February 2012

In order to exploit the applications of polypyrrole (PPy) derivatives in biosensors and bioelectronics, the different immobilization mechanisms of biomolecules onto differently functionalized conducting PPy films are investigated. Pyrrole and pyrrole derivatives with carboxyl and amino groups were copolymerized with ω‐(N‐pyrrolyl)‐octylthiol self‐assembled on Au surface by the method of the chemical polymerization to form a layer of the copolymer film, i.e., poly[pyrrole‐co‐(N‐pyrrolyl)‐caproic acid] (poly(Py‐co‐PyCA)) and poly[pyrrole‐co‐(N‐pyrrolyl)‐hexylamine] (poly(Py‐co‐PyHA)), in which the carboxyl groups in poly(Py‐co‐PyCA) were activated to the ester groups. Based on the structure characteristics, the immobilization/hybridization of DNA molecules on PPy, poly(Py‐co‐PyCA) and poly(Py‐co‐PyHA) were surveyed by cyclic voltammograms measurements. For differently functionalized copolymers, the immobilization mechanisms of DNA are various. Besides the electrochemical properties of the composite electrodes of PPy and its copolymers being detected before and after bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption, the kinetic process of protein binding was determined by surface plasmon resonance of spectroscopy. Since few BSA molecules could anchor onto the PPy and its copolymers surfaces, it suggests this kind of conducting polymers can be applied as the protein‐resistant material.
Generation of Methyl Vinyl Ketone from Oxidation of Levulinic Acid Oxidized by Cupric Oxide Complex
Authors: Gong Yan , Lin Lu , Zhang Beixiao
Published: February 2012

Methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) is a kind of high‐value chemical which has been widely used in many fields. In this paper, it is formed from oxidation of levulinic acid–a hydrolysis product of biomass. Copper oxide supported on cerium dioxide (CuO/CeO2) and alumina (CuO/Al2O3) were prepared and used for the oxidation of levulinic acid (LA). The oxidants were characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), H2‐temperature programmed reduction (H2‐TPR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques. CuO/CeO2 and CuO/Al2O3 show a different behavior with respect to pure CuO. The experiments revealed that CuO/CeO2 and CuO/Al2O3 can oxidize LA and get methyl vinyl ketone [yield of 15.5% detected by head space‐gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer (HS‐GC‐MS)] under mild reactive conditions, while pure CuO oxidizes LA to produce butanone (MEK).
Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Determination of Ga(III) Ion Based on β‐Cyclodextrin Incorporated Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes and Imprinted Sol‐gel Composite Film
Authors: Hu Yufang , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhang Huabin , Luo Lijuan , Zhang Minglei , Yang Xiao , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: February 2012

A novel sensor for detection of trace gallium ion [Ga(III)] was created by stepwise modification of a gold electrode with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and an ion imprinted polymer (IIP). The sensor surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the imprinted sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The sensor displayed excellent selectivity towards the target Ga(III) ion. Meanwhile, the introduced MWCNTs displayed noticeable catalytic activity, and β‐CD demonstrated significant enrichment capacity. A linear calibration curve was obtained covering the concentration range from 5.0×10−8 to 1.0×10−4 mol·L−1, with a detection limit of 7.6×10−9 mol·L−1. The proposed sensor was successfully applied to detect Ga(III) in real urine samples.
Spectroscopic Studies on the Binding of Kaempferol‐3,7‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside to Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Yao Di , Yu Jing , Pan Yingming , Huang Fuping , Bian Hedong , Yu Qing , Liang Hong
Published: February 2012

The binding of kaempferol‐3,7‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (KRR) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by different spectroscopic methods under simulative physiological conditions. Analysis of ?uorescence quenching data of BSA by KRR at different temperatures using Stern‐Volmer methods revealed the formation of a ground state KRR‐BSA complex with moderate binding constant of the order 104 L·mol−1. The existence of some metal ions could weaken the binding of KRR on BSA. The changes in the van't Hoff enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) of the interaction were estimated to be −26.53 kJ·mol−1 and 3.33 J·mol−1·K−1 and both hydrophobic and electrostatic forces contributed to stabilizing the BSA‐KRR complex. According to the F?ster theory of non‐radiation energy transfer, the distance r between the donor (BSA) and the acceptor (KRR) was obtained (r=2.83 nm). Site marker competitive experiments showed that KRR could bind to Site I of BSA. In addition, synchronous fluorescence, UV‐Vis absorption and circular dichroism (CD) results indicated that the KRR binding could cause conformational changes of BSA.
Regulation of Glucose Oxidase Activity through Interaction with Fullerene Derivatives
Authors: Gao Yunyan , Wang Zhongli , Ou Zhize , Li Yi , Wang Xuesong , Yang Guoqiang
Published: February 2012

The 2‐(hydroxymethyl)pyridine modified C60 (PY‐C60) and methoxydiglycol modified C60 (MDG‐C60) are synthesized using Bingel‐Hirsch reaction and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectra. PY‐C60 and MDG‐C60 can bind to glucose oxidase (GOx) and quench the fluorescence of tryptophan (Trp) residue in GOx through static mechanism. The conformation of GOx is disturbed after formation of complex with these fullerene derivatives. Kinetic analysis indicates that PY‐C60 and MDG‐C60 may affect the catalytic activity of GOx with a partial mixed‐type inhibition mechanism. In the plasma glucose concentration range (3.6–5.2 mmol·L−1), PY‐C60 may significantly accelerate the catalytic velocity of GOx, however, MDG‐C60 exerts almost no obvious change to the initial velocity of GOx, suggesting that elaborate design of molecular structure of fullerene derivative is very important for regulating the biological activity of fullerene‐enzyme complex.
Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Ordered Macroporous Silicas Functionalized with Amino Group
Authors: Wu Quanzhou , He Jianfeng , Zhang Jingjia , Ou Jiming
Published: February 2012

A novel glucose oxidase immobilized on three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) material has been prepared by firstly preparation of hybrid 3DOM SiO2‐NH2 materials using colloidal crystal method, and following covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase on the pore walls of the 3DOM materials. The materials were characterized by SEM, FTIR, DSC and BET techniques. SEM observation shows that the macropores are highly ordered and are interconnected by small windows. FTIR measurement shows that there are amino and organic groups in the pore walls. The surface area of the 3DOM SiO2‐NH2 material is about 10.2 m2/g. The loaded amount of enzyme is increased with amino content in the materials. The immobilized enzyme has high activity, thermal stability and can be reused.
Synthesis and Photooxygenation of Furo[3,2‐c]coumarin Derivatives as Antibacterial and DNA Intercalating Agent
Authors: Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , El‐Gogary Sameh R.
Published: February 2012

Syntheses of 2,3‐dimethyl‐4H‐furo[3,2‐c]coumarin and 3‐phenyl‐4H‐furo[3,2‐c]coumarin as angular furocoumarins were carried out through Williamson reaction of 4‐hydroxycoumarin with α‐haloketones followed by cyclization. Photooxygenation of the synthesized furocoumarin derivatives was performed and the photoproducts were isolated and characterized. The affinity of 2,3‐dimethyl‐4H‐furo[3,2‐c]coumarin towards DNA and the antibacterial activity were evaluated and compared with 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP).
Bromodimethylsulfonium Bromide Catalyzed Synthesis of Methyl 2‐Dexoy‐4,6‐O‐benzylidene Galactopyranoside from Galactal and the Rapid Route to 2,3‐ and 2,6‐Dideoxygalactopyranoses
Authors: Ding Ning , Chun Yuexing , Zhang Wei , Li Yingxia
Published: February 2012

4,6‐O‐Benzylidenation of D‐galactal with PhCH(OCH3)2 catalyzed by bromodimethylsulfonium bromide leads to methyl 2‐dexoy‐4,6‐O‐benzylidene galactopyranoside efficiently, which serves as a key intermediate to the ready preparation of 2,3‐ and 2,6‐dideoxy galactopyranosides.
An Efficient and Green One‐pot Synthesis of 12‐Aryl‐8,9,10,12‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen‐11‐one Derivatives Promoted by Sulfamic Acid in [BMIM]BF4 Ionic Liquid
Authors: Zang Hongjun , Zhang Yong , Cheng Bowen , Zhang Weiwei , Xu Xianlin , Ren Yuanlin
Published: February 2012

An efficient and green procedure for the synthesis of novel 12‐aryl‐8,9,10,12‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen‐11‐one derivatives has been described through one‐pot condensation of 2‐naphthol, arylaldehyde and 5,5‐dimethyl‐cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione in the presence of sulfamic acid (NH2SO3H) in ionic liquid 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). These reactions proceed with good yields under short reaction time. Furthermore, the green catalytic system can be recycled specific times with no decreases in yields and reaction rates.
Synthesis of β,β′‐Porphyrin Dimer Linked by Vinylene
Authors: Jiang Xuliang , Li Panli , Wang Yucheng , Shen Qi , Tao Jingchao , Shi Weimin
Published: February 2012

Synthesis of a novel β,β′‐tetraalkylporphyrin dimer linked by vinylene was discribed, in which the dimer was readily prepared from a porphyrin‐derived Wittig reagent and a mono‐formylated porphyrin via Wittig reaction. No π‐conjugation between the two porphyrin rings was obserbed, and the dimer was in trans form.
Model checking and code generation for transaction processing software
Authors: Mentis Anakreon , Katsaros Panagiotis
Published: February 2012

In modern transaction processing software, the ACID properties (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) are often relaxed, in order to address requirements that arise in computing environments of today. Typical examples are the long‐running transactions in mobile computing, in service‐oriented architectures and B2B collaborative applications. These new transaction models are collectively known as advanced or extended transactions. Formal specification and reasoning for transaction properties have been limited to proof‐theoretic approaches, despite the recent progress in model checking. In this work, we present a model‐driven approach for generating a provably correct implementation of the transaction model of interest. The model is specified by state machines for the transaction participants, which are synchronized on a set of events. All possible execution paths of the synchronized state machines are checked for property violations. An implementation for the verified transaction model is then automatically generated. To demonstrate the approach, the specification of nested transactions is verified, because it is the basis for many advanced transaction models. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Situ Reduction, Oxygen Etching, and Reduction Using Formic Acid: An Effective Strategy for Controllable Growth of Monodisperse Palladium Nanoparticles on Graphene
Authors: Yang Jun , Tian Chungui , Wang Lei , Tan Taixing , Yin Jie , Wang Bo , Fu Honggang
Published: February 2012

Graphene‐supported, monodisperse palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) are fabricated successfully by an effective strategy combining in situ reduction, O2 etching, and reduction using formic acid without the use of surfactants. By utilizing the reductive ability of graphene prepared previously by an in situ, self‐generating template route, Pd2+ ions are first absorbed and partly in situ reduced to give Pd NPs on graphene (denoted as Pd/GN‐SR). The Pd NPs in Pd/GN‐SR exhibit poor monodispersion, large particle size, and low loading on graphene. Some unreduced Pd2+ ions still exist in the solution. Second, formic acid as the secondary reducing reagent is introduced into the same solution after the in situ reduction. Some Pd NPs on graphene are gradually etched to Pd2+ ions by oxygen dissolved in the solution, and therefore become smaller NPs. Meanwhile, with the formic acid further reduction, these Pd2+ ions and unreduced Pd2+ ions are together reduced as small‐sized Pd NPs on graphene (denoted as Pd/GN‐FA). X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy measurements show that the Pd NPs in Pd/GN‐FA have smaller particle size and higher monodispersion on graphene compared with that in Pd/GN‐SR. Furthermore, the electrooxidation of formic acid on the Pd/GN‐FA catalyst has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The Pd/GN‐FA catalyst exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability towards formic acid oxidation owing to the small size, the high monodispersion of Pd NPs, and the stabilizing effect of graphene. The results presented herein indicate that the Pd/GN‐FA might be a promising anode electrocatalyst in direct formic acid fuel cells.
Assessing the Effects of Perceived Value and Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty: A ‘Green’ Perspective
Authors: Hur Won‐Moo , Kim Yeonshin , Park Kyungdo
Published: February 2012

To promote an understanding of green consumption behavior, this paper investigates how consumer value relates to loyalty and price consciousness through consumer satisfaction. The proposed model of the variables underwent empirical validation through data collected from a cross‐sectional survey of 517 consumers in the USA who had bought and possessed a hybrid car – a representative green product. The results indicate that perceived social, emotional, and functional values have a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction with respect to green innovation. Further, customer satisfaction leads to customer loyalty, while lowering price consciousness. This study demonstrates the importance of consumer value and satisfaction in facilitating the diffusion of green innovation, with resulting implications for marketing strategy and public policy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Steric and Electronic Influences on the Structures of Peroxomanganese(III) Complexes Supported by Tetradentate Ligands
Authors: Geiger Robert A. , Wijeratne Gayan B. , Day Victor W. , Jackson Timothy A.
Published: February 2012

We report the generation and characterization of two peroxomanganese(III) complexes supported by the L7py24‐Cl and L7iso‐q2 ligands {L7py24‐Cl = 1,4‐bis[(4‐chloro‐2‐pyridyl)methyl]‐1,4‐diazepane and L7iso‐q2 = 1,4‐bis[(2‐isoquinolinyl)methyl]‐1,4‐diazepane} and describe X‐ray structures of corresponding manganese(II) compounds. Ground and excited state properties of these peroxomanganese(III) complexes, as well as previously reported [MnIII(O2)(L7py24‐Me)]+ and [MnIII(O2)(L7q2)]+ species {L7py24‐Me = 1,4‐bis[(4‐methyl‐2‐pyridyl)methyl]‐1,4‐diazepane and L7q2 = 1,4‐bis[(2‐quinolinyl)methyl]‐1,4‐diazepane} were probed using low‐temperature electronic absorption, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and variable‐temperature, variable‐field MCD spectroscopy. These data sets afford electronic transition energies and estimates of ground‐state zero‐field splitting parameters, which permit a detailed comparison of electronic structure. These data support the proposal that all complexes share a similar geometry, consisting of a side‐on peroxomanganese(III) moiety coordinated by the tetradentate ligand in a trans fashion. However, differences in d‐d transition energies offer conclusive evidence that, among this series of complexes, it is the location, and thus the steric influence, of the pyridine substituent that modulates the electronic and geometric structure of the MnIII‐O2 unit. Within this series, perturbations in electronic properties of the supporting ligand have little impact on d‐d transition energies. Models of peroxomanganese(III) complexes developed using density functional theory (DFT) computations support this proposal, and time‐dependent DFT computations qualitatively reproduce the experimental trend in d‐d transition energies.
CLA prevents alterations in glycolytic metabolites induced by a high fat diet
Authors: Andreoli María F. , Martinelli Marcela I. , Scalerandi María V. , Fariña Ana C. , Williner María R. , Bernal Claudio A.
Published: February 2012

CLA has been reported to have beneficial and controversial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Besides, high fat (HF) diets induce alterations in liver and muscle lipid deposition, which could be associated with anomalous glucose utilization. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate whether the intake of CLA could prevent alterations in glycolytic intermediate metabolites and glycogen deposition induced by a HF diet. For this purpose, growing mice were fed a control diet (7% corn oil), a HF diet (20% corn oil), or a HF diet containing 17% corn oil + 3% CLA for 30 days. Liver and muscle glucose intermediate metabolites and glycogen were assessed. Liver glycolysis was inhibited by HF, reflected by a decreased flow of substrates through phosphofructokinase‐1α linked to elevated citrate. CLA at HF diet prevented these alterations while increasing the lactate and glycogen synthesis. In the muscle, the HF diet emphasized the reduction of the flux through phosphofructokinase‐1α, without additional changes in total glycogen levels. In conclusion, dietary CLA partially prevented glycolytic pathway alterations in the liver but not in the muscle of mice fed a HF diet, associated with adverse effects as sustained hyperglycemia and hepatic lactate accumulation.

Practical applications: The present study evaluates the potential use of CLA and its consequences on several aspects of glucose metabolism. Considering that the FDA has recently approved CLA as a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) category, a measure that will foster the commercial production of food and beverages with CLA supplementation, we believe it is relevant to study its potential functional properties on glucose metabolism in an experimental animal model characterized by alterations in liver and muscle lipid deposition.