bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conversational Storytelling in Chinese Speech Acts
Authors: Zhang Shuling
Published: September 2017

Conversational narrative or storytelling is a prevalent activity in everyday talk. This paper, drawing on the speech act theory and conversational analysis methodology, examines the conversational storytelling in performing a few types of illocutionary acts like assert, warn, object, advise in Chinese everyday talk. It is found that storytelling plays several significant roles in performing some types of illocutionary acts, i.e. to make a point, to build rapport among friends and even to reduce the face threat. Conversational storytelling may occur immediately after the expression of an illocutionary act, and sometimes before it to indicate certain illocutionary force.
Performance of reproductive system of Dichelops melacanthus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) subjected to buprofezin and pyriproxyfen: morphological analysis of ovarioles and testes
Authors: Cremonez Paulo Sérgio Gimenez , Pinheiro Daniela De Oliveira , Falleiros Ângela Maria Ferreira , Neves Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro
Published: September 2017

The use of insecticides known as insect growth regulators, which are considered more selective to natural enemies, may be an alternative to integrated pest management of stink bugs of the main crops in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate histological changes in the reproductive system of Dichelops melacanthus as well as female fecundity and egg fertility after use of growth-regulating insecticides. The insecticides used were buprofezin (a chitin biosynthesis inhibitor) at a sublethal concentration (LC30 of 2.99 g L-1) and pyriproxyfen (a juvenile hormone analog) at a sublethal concentration (LC30 of 8.35 mL L-1). A completely randomized experimental design was used, with 10 repetitions and 10 insects per experimental unit. Two bioassays were performed: in the first bioassay, fecundity (eggs/female) and fertility (nymph eclosion) of the insects that survived the insecticides were evaluated; in the second bioassay, morphological alterations of the ovarioles of adult females and of the testes of adult male insects that survived the insecticides were evaluated. Buprofezin and pyriproxyfen did not affect the adult sex ratio or female fecundity. Pyriproxyfen reduced the percentage of ecloded nymphs (71.6%) compared with that of the control and buprofezin (96.4 and 90.6%, respectively) treatments and had an ovicidal effect, with direct and indirect action on embryogenesis. Morphological changes were observed in both treatments with buprofezin and pyriproxyfen. The alterations observed in female and male reproductive systems may occur by the action of buprofezin and pyriproxyfen on the morphology of both ovarioles and testes.
Growth and yield performance of soybean with the application of Bradyrhyzobium inoculant via furrow and seed
Authors: Vieira Neto Santiel Alves , Pires Fábio Ribeiro , Madalão João Carlos , Viana Douglas Gomes , Menezes Carlos César Evangelista de , Assis Renato Lara de
Published: September 2017

Given the high costs of agricultural production, especially due to the price of fertilisers, particularly nitrogen, the use of inoculants to supply nitrogen to soybean crops is a widely recommended practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying inoculants through seed and planting furrow in soil previously cultivated with soybean and Brazilian native “cerrado” biome soil under greenhouse conditions. Seven treatments were tested: 1) inoculation via seed (inoculant + fungicide + micronutrient), 2) treatment via seed (fungicide + micronutrient), 3) control (only seed), 4) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 (recommended dose), 5) inoculation via furrow-dose 2 (twice the recommended dose), 6) inoculation via furrow-dose 3 (three times the recommended dose) and 7) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 + seed inoculation. We evaluated plant height, fresh and dry matter weight of the aerial part and nodules, number of total, viable and non-viable nodules, number of pods per plant and grain yield. Inoculation was more effective when used in cerrado soil, but soybean performance in treatments without inoculation was higher in previously cultivated soil. Application through furrow proved to be a viable practice due to the similarity of the results obtained with the traditional application by seed.
Influence of heat treatment on physicochemical and rheological characteristics of natural yogurts
Authors: Célia Juliana Aparecida , Silva Marco Antônio Pereira da , Oliveira Kênia Borges de , Souza Diene Gonçalves , Silva Ligia Campos de Moura , Nicolau Edmar Soares , Silva João Antônio Gonçalves e
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of heat treatment on physicochemical and rheological characteristics of natural yogurts, as well as the influence of lyophilization process on natural yogurts after reconstitution. In the first experiment, three yogurt treatments were processed, as follows: Treatment 1, yogurt produced with raw refrigerated milk; Treatment 2, yogurt produced with refrigerated pasteurized milk; and Treatment 3, yogurt produced with UHT (ultra-high temperature) milk, in addition to analyses of fat, protein, moisture, titratable acidity, and pH. The shelf life of yogurts at 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 days of storage, as well as pH, acidity, syneresis, viscosity, viable lactic bacteria, and total coliforms were also assessed. In the second experiment, yogurts were submitted to lyophilization process, performed by scanning electron microscopy analysis and subsequently in those reconstituted, in addition to being assessed the physicochemical, rheological, and viable lactic bacteria characteristics. The results found in the first experiment showed that heat treatment was positive for viscosity, syneresis, and lactic bacteria, being viable until the 15th day of storage only for yogurts submitted to heat treatment. In the second experiment, lyophilization preserved the physicochemical characteristics of yogurts, but the number of initial lactic bacteria was different, also negatively affecting yogurt viscosity.
Genetic diversity and virulence genes in Streptococcus uberis strains isolated from bovine mastitis
Authors: Loures Rafael Ambrósio , Pereira Ulisses De Pádua , Carvalho-Castro Glei Dos Anjos de , Mian Gláucia Frasnelli , Custódio Dircéia Aparecida da Costa , Silva Juliana Rosa da , Costa Geraldo Márcio da
Published: September 2017

Mastitis is one of the most common and costly infectious diseases in dairy cattle worldwide. This is a multifactorial illness caused by different microorganisms, including virus, yeasts, algae, parasites, and several species of bacteria. Among these bacteria, Streptococcus uberis is an important environmental pathogen that is responsible for a large range of clinical and subclinical mammary infections, especially in intensively managed herds. Despite the increasing importance of this pathogen in the etiology of bovine mastitis, data on its virulence and diversity in Brazilian dairy herds are scarce. The aims of the present study were to investigate the virulence characteristics of S. uberis isolated from bovine mastitis and to assess the molecular epidemiology of the Brazilian isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In this work, 46 strains of S. uberis isolated from bovine mastitis from 26 Brazilian dairy herds were evaluated regarding their genetic diversity by PFGE using with the SmaI enzyme. Additionally, the presence of the virulence genes skc and pauA, which encode plasminogen activators, and the gene sua, which encodes an adhesion molecule in mammary epithelial cells, were assessed by PCR. Our results showed a high genetic diversity in the population, displaying many different patterns in the PFGE analysis. A high proportion of strains was positive for virulence genes in the sampled population (sua [100%], pauA [91%], and skc [91%]). The high frequency of skc, pauA, and sua genes among the studied strains suggests the importance of these virulence factors, possibly helping S. uberis in the colonization of the bovine mammary gland. Surveys of the genetic and molecular characteristics of this pathogen can improve our knowledge of bacterial activity and identify molecules that have roles in the establishment of the infection. This might help in the development of more effective measures to control and prevent bovine mastitis.
Performance and nutritional parameters of lactating cows on pasture receiving castor bean meal
Authors: Souza Dicastro Dias de , Silva Fabiano Ferreira da , Silva Robério Rodrigues , Porto Junior Antonio Ferraz , Pimentel Leidiane Reis , Santiago Bismarck Moreira , Santos Andrêssa Pires dos , Vieira Thatiane Mota , Santos Wêndel Bispo Santos e , Silva Agnaldo Rios da
Published: September 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of castor bean meal in the diet for lactating cows on Bracharia brizhanta pasture and its implications for nutritional and productive parameters. Eight crossbred cows were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares, with four (0%; 3.33%; 6.66% and 10%) inclusion levels of castor bean meal in the total diet. The experiment consisted of four experimental periods of 21 days each. The digestibility and dry matter intake were estimated from fecal output, checked with the aid of external (chromium oxide) and internal (iNDF) indicators. Urine and milk were collected to determine the nitrogen balance and microbial protein production. The inclusion of different levels of castor bean meal in the diet for lactating cows did not affect the intake of dry matter and nutrients, and the same lack of effect was found for the digestibility of dry matter and total digestible nutrients, variation in body weight, milk production, chemical composition of milk, microbial production and nitrogen balance. The inclusion of up to 10% castor bean meal in the total diet did not influence productive parameters evaluated, and the use was conditioned to the price of castor bean meal.
Effect of breed on food preference tests for dogs
Authors: Zanatta Carolina Pedro , Surek Diego , Risolia Larissa Wünsche , Félix Ananda Portella , Maiorka Alex , Oliveira Simone Gisele de
Published: September 2017

This study aimed to determine the differences among four dog breeds as to food selectivity, choice agreement, and the number scores that best evaluate the degree of food choice agreement. For that, 115 food preference tests were analyzed. In each of those tests, 20 dogs were used (eight Beagles, four Labradors, four Siberian Huskies, and four Basset Hounds), in two evaluation days. The medians of intake difference between two diets were calculated for days one, two, and for both days to determine if there were selectivity difference among breeds. A randomized block experimental design was applied, and medians were submitted to the test of Friedmann. Food choice agreement and the degree of agreement among breeds were evaluated by the kappa index, using two different scales. Basset Hounds were the most selective when two different foods were offered, whereas Labradors were the least selective. When performing food preference tests, Siberian Huskies and Basset Hounds are recommended; however, they must be used individually to prevent that the results of one breed could neutralize those of the other breed. The use of a scale of food preference with three scores is recommended in order to obtain results that are more reliable.
Influence of vitamins C and E on the quality of cryopreserved semen Prochilodus brevis (Prochilodontidae, Teleostei)
Authors: Almeida-Monteiro Priscila Silva de , Araújo Mayara Setúbal Oliveira , Pinheiro Romulo Roberto Ribeiro , Lopes Júlia Trugilio , Ferreira Yasmim Maia , Montenegro Assis Rubens , Maciel Mônica Aline Parente Melo , Vanderley Carminda Sandra Brito Salmito
Published: September 2017

Seminal cryopreservation allows the long-term conservation of gametes of various species, including endangered species, such as Prochilodus brevis. However, the application of this biotechnology can cause damage to sperm cells, reducing seminal quality. Thus, we have sought substances that minimize the damage caused by this process, such as antioxidants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association between two cryoprotectants and two vitamins, in different concentrations, on the quality of cryopreserved semen of P. brevis. For cryopreservation, the experiment was performed in two stages. In the first stage, the semen of 10 animals was submitted to six different freezing means, coming from the combination of 5% glucose, two cryoprotectants (Dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] or Methyl glycol) and two vitamins (C or E to 0.0001 mg) for cryopreservation. In the second stage, semen samples of eight animals were diluted in 5% glucose and the best cryoprotectant found in the first stage, associated with three different concentrations of vitamins C or E (0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001 mg). In both steps, the in natura and post-thawed samples were submitted to kinetic analysis, morphology, and sperm membrane integrity. The cryopreserved semen with DMSO presented significantly higher results (p < 0.05) than that frozen with Methyl glycol, regardless of the vitamin used. The morphologically normal spermatozoa rate was higher (p < 0.05) in the vitamin-containing samples, however, vitamin E reduced sperm motility rates, independent of the cryoprotectant used. As for vitamin concentrations, higher motility rates were obtained when cryopreserved semen with 0.01 and 0.0001 mg of any of the vitamins. However, the higher concentration had a deleterious effect on the spermatic morphology of P. brevis. Therefore, the glucose associated with DMSO and the lower concentration of vitamin C provides good quality for the post-thawed semen of P. brevis.
In vitro degradability of coffee husks treated with doses of fibrolytic enzymes for use in ruminant nutrition
Authors: Moura Yasmin Haluan Porto , Rech Carmen Lucia De Souza , Figueiredo Mauro Pereira de , Rech José Luiz , Luz Yann Dos Santos , Figueredo Jennifer Souza , Figueiredo Alex Aguiar
Published: September 2017

The agricultural activity has generated a progressive amount of waste, which needs a proper treatment to avoid negative environmental impacts. At the same time, values can be added to such waste, as its use in animal feed. This research was conducted at the laboratory of Animal Nutrition, State University of Southwestern Bahia, campuses of Vitória da Conquista and Itapetinga. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of coffee husks on ruminant feeds by increasing doses of fibrolytic enzymes, evaluating their effects on in vitro ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (FDA) of the coffee husk (CH). The experiment was a completely randomized design in a 2x4 factorial scheme. It compounded the following treatments: Coffee husk (CH1): 1.5% enzymes (E) and 24 h enzymatic action (EA); CH2: 3.0% (E) and 24h (EA); CH3: 4.5% (E) and 24 h (EA); CH4: 6% (E) and 24 h (EA); CH5: 1.5% (E) 48 h (EA); CH6: 3% (E) and 48h (EA); CH7: 4.5% (E) and 48h (EA); and CH8: 6% (E) and 48 h (EA), all based on dry matter. An improvement in the degradability of the nutritional parameters MS, NDF, and FDA occurred with the addition of enzymes, with 3% enzyme addition being the best level, and 24 hours, as the best action time. In addition to that, as the EA on coffee husk increased, the degradation rate decreased. Therefore, the use of enzymes can improve the digestibility of the fibrous fraction, enabling the use of the coffee husk and possibly other agroindustrial residues, thus minimizing their adverse effects on nature.
Effect of stocking density on performance, carcass yield, productivity, and bone development in broiler chickens Cobb 500®
Authors: Henrique Cleoneide Dos Santos , Oliveira Andréia Fróes Galuci , Ferreira Thales Silva , Silva Eduardo Santos , Mello Bruna Finotti Fonseca Reis de , Andrade Agner De Freitas , Martins Vinícius Da Silva Freitas , Paula Fernando Oliveira de , Garcia Elis Regina De Moraes , Bruno Luís Daniel Giusti
Published: September 2017

This study aimed to assess the effect of stocking density of 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds m?2 on performance, carcass and cut yields, productivity, and bone development of broiler chickens Cobb 500®. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four treatments (stocking densities) and four replications. The assessments were performed weekly at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. The best live weight result was found at a density of 10 birds m?2 in the period from 1 to 7 days. No effect of density was observed on feed intake and weight gain. From 1 to 14 days, the best live weights were found at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2, in addition to a higher feed intake at densities of 10 and 12 birds m?2. Weight gain was better at a density of 10 birds m?2, showing no differences from densities of 12 and 14 birds m?2. In the period from 1 to 21 days, live weight and weight gain were higher at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2. The highest feed intake was observed at a density of 10 birds m?2, which showed no difference from the density of 14 birds m?2. A difference (P < 0.05) was observed for live weight, weight gain, and feed intake of animals reared at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2 for the phases from 1 to 35 days and the total phase from 1 to 42 days of bird age when compared to 16 birds m?2, which presented lower performance. However, feed conversion of 1-7, 1-14, 1-21, 1-35, and 1-42 days and carcass and cut characteristics showed no significant differences for all treatments. On the other hand, productivity was higher in the treatments with 14 and 16 birds m?2, but without difference between each other. No interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between stocking density and age for the assessed bone parameters. Similarly, no difference (P > 0.05) was observed for bone development of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities for the studied parameters. Thus, the increased density of 10 or 12 birds m?2 to 14 birds m?2 has no influence on zootechnical performance, carcass and cut yields, and bone development, but increases broiler chicken productivity reared in a conventional shed without air conditioning.
Defoliation height and potassium fertilization of Mulato II grass
Authors: Cabral Carlos Eduardo Avelino , Pesqueira-Silva Lilian Chambó Rondena , Barros Lívia Vieira de , Behling Neto Arthur , Abreu Joadil Gonçalves de , Cabral Carla Heloisa Avelino , Silva Felipe Gomes da , Galati Rosemary Lais , Fiori Ana Maria Ribeiro , Silva Junior Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2017

A pot trial in greenhouse conditions was carried out to identify at which defoliation height Mulato II grass (Urochloa hibrida cv. Mulato II) should be managed and to determine whether potassium fertilization is necessary in soil with high potassium content. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a randomized block design with six treatments and five replications. Treatments consisted of a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three defoliation heights (50, 65, and 80 cm) and with or without potassium maintenance fertilization. The production characteristics and chemical composition of the forage plant were evaluated. There was no interaction effect between defoliation height and fertilization with or without potassium on any of the analyzed variables, except for mineral content in Mulato II grass. The tillers and leaves number, shoot dry matter, leaf+sheath, root system, and residue were influenced by defoliation heights and potassium fertilization, except for the leaf blades and root dry matter, leaf blade/stem+sheath ratio, and leaves number, which were not influenced by potassium fertilization. Higher shoot dry matter was observed at the heights of 65 and 80 cm; however, comparing these two heights, leaf + sheath dry matter was lower at 65 cm. Regarding the grass’s chemical composition, there was an increase in neutral and acid detergent fiber and indigestible neutral detergent fiber contents as the defoliation height increased, which resulted in lower production of potentially digestible dry matter, which can compromise the potential use of the forage by animals. Among evaluated treatments, Mulato II grass defoliation is recommended for a maximum height of 65 cm. Potassium fertilization increases the yield and the potentially digestible dry matter content of Mulato II grass, even when cultivated in soil with high potassium content.
Growth curves in meat-type and laying quail: a Bayesian perspective
Authors: Rossi Robson Marcelo , Grieser Daiane De Oliveira , Conselvan Vagner De Almeida , Marcato Simara Márcia
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to assess the goodness of fit for nonlinear models, using the best model to describe body growth curves, comparing the parameters obtained for gender and one meat-type (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and two laying (Coturnix coturnix japonica) quail strains, as well as nesting via MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo processes) methods under a Bayesian approach. A total of 1,350 one-day-old mixed quail were used: 400 of meat-type, 450 of yellow laying, and 500 of red laying strains distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments (each treatment corresponded to one strain) and five replications. The experimental period consisted of 1 to 42 days of age. At 21 days of age, quail sexing was performed by means of sexual dimorphism, being individually identified at one day of age with numbered rings, allowing determining growth curves by gender. Birds were reared in a conventional system, fed ad libitum with diets formulated to meet nutritional requirements. Body weight was determined weekly and assessed using nonlinear models: Logistic, Brody, Von Bertalanffy, and Gompertz, whose parameters were estimated under a Bayesian approach via MCMC algorithm by means of BRugs package from the software R. DIC (Deviance Information Criterion) criterion was used to select the best nonlinear model, i.e. the lower the DIC value is, the better the model goodness of fit to the data. Gompertz model was better adjusted to the data regardless the gender or strain. Meat-type quail had the highest asymptotic weights and the highest age at which growth rate was maximum, followed by red and yellow strains. All nestings presented significant differences (p < 0.05) between gender for contrasted parameters. Meat-type, yellow, and red females presented values significantly (p < 0.05) higher for asymptotic weight (370, 203, and 215 g, respectively) when compared to males (274, 131, and 143 g, respectively), which were earlier in body growth. Gompertz model was better adjusted to body weight data of quail regardless the gender or strain and the Bayesian approach allowed obtaining accurate estimations. Meat-type strain presented the highest body asymptotic weight, followed by red and yellow laying strains. Females presented higher asymptotic weight than that found for males of their respective strains but were later in growth.
Phenotypic evaluation of trait types in Guzerá cows of different calving orders
Authors: Lima Júnior Dorgival Morais de , Rangel Adriano Henrique do Nascimento , Lima Guilherme Ferreira da Costa , Mota Lúcio Flávio Macedo , Difante Gelson Dos Santos , Urbano Stela Antas , Pinheiro Waldonys Moreira
Published: September 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of parity on linear trait types in Guzerá cows using multivariate techniques. Data were collected from 68 purebred Guzera females, young (1st and 2nd calving order) and adults (3rd to 7th calving order). Measurements were collected using a tape measure, a hypometer, a 40 cm graduated ruler and a 180° protractor. PRCOMP procedure of the R program was used for analyzing the main components. The variables related to rump (height, angularity, ileum and ischium length and width), body (length), udder (height of posterior ligament) and milk production were more important to explain the phenotypic variation in Guzerá cattle. Young Guzerá cows had lower body length, narrower rumps, better udder ligaments and lower milk yield than adult cows.
Effect of glycerin on digestibility of diets for pigs determined with different methodologies
Authors: Verussa Guiomar Helena , Corassa Anderson , Ton Ana Paula Silva , Komiyama Cláudia Marie , Pina Douglas Dos Santos , Teixeira Alexandre De Oliveira , Moreira Leonardo Marmo , Kiefer Charles
Published: September 2017

Glycerin is a by-product from the biodiesel chain whose energy value can be beneficial to pig diets. In this study, eight barrows were distributed individually into metabolic cages in a completely randomized block design. The animals were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% glycerin from soybean oil and subjected to the methods of total feces and urine collection and chromic oxide marker. We determined the digestibility coefficients (DC); the dietary levels of digestible dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), an neutral detergent fiber (NDF); digestible energy (DE); metabolizable energy (ME); and these last two variables corrected for the nitrogen content (DEn and MEn). Digestible OM values increased linearly with glycerin inclusion in the diets. The digestible CP of the diets showed an inversely proportional relationship with glycerin inclusion levels. Digestible MM decreased linearly when determined by the total collection method and quadratically when determined by the marker method. There was a linear increase in the digestible and metabolizable coefficients of energy, DE, DEn, ME and MEn of the diets as the glycerin inclusion level was increased. Inclusion of up to 15% glycerin obtained from soybean oil production increased the digestible fractions of organic matter and energy of the diets.
Analysis of the Bases of Power of Key Players in the Industry of Novel Psychoactive Substances
Authors: Al-Imam Ahmed , AbdulMajeed Ban A.
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND: The study of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) should be at the intersect of neuroscience, psychology, social science, data science, information and communication technology, policy-making, and legislation. The amalgamation of social science should be widely implemented; the concept of the individual basis of power (authority) has been applied in this study; the aim was to quantify the magnitude of authority for the major players in connection with the NPS industry.MATERIALS & METHODS: Data were collected for NPS researchers and e-vendors. Concerning the NPS scientists, fifty researchers were randomly picked using a random number generator. For each researcher; a power score was calculated; the power scoring is representative for the individual basis of power. There will be a kindred analysis for e-vendors on the darknet; the power scoring will rely on; e-vendor level, trust level, duration of membership in the e-market (vendor's antiquity), number of positive and negative feedbacks from e-customers, number of sold substances, number of subscribers, and e-vendor’s scoring on Grams search engine.RESULTS: Unfortunately, the summative power scores of NPS protagonists were higher than those who oppose and regulate the NPS phenomenon. Terrorist organisations were found to possess the highest power scores due to the additional use of illegal tactics. Power scoring for NPS researchers was highest in Europe, particularly the in the UK and Italy. On the other hand, e-vendors’ power scoring was highest for the AlphaBay e-market of the darknet.CONCLUSION: Principles of social science and psychology should be integrated into the collaborative efforts of NPS researchers. This study proposes a novel method to assess the authority of NPS-related personnel existing within the virtual space of the web; its applications are not limited to NPS researchers and e-vendors but can also be applicable for; e-markets, e-customers and (ab)users, and policy makers.
Investigating the Impact of Lean Management on Innovation in Vietnamese SMEs
Authors: Pham Huong Thu
Published: September 2017

Internationalization in society and economy has fostered promptly the production volumes and product diversification due to the complexity in customers’ design. Lean management has been known as effective and efficient tools in the management of customer value by reducing cost of the resources necessary to achieve the needs of customers. Today innovation has been considered as driving force of business success in every industry in the context of high competition. The link between lean management and innovation capability has been recently proposed in some literatures, which show that some aspects of lean management may negatively affect and some may positively affect a company’s capability to be successful with certain types of innovations. This paper develops a framework to analyze the impact of lean management on innovation capability in Vietnamese small and medium enterprises. Five propositions has been presented and tested in the sample of 122 SMEs engaged in lean management. The findings suggest that due to implementation of lean management the changes of organizational structure and inter-departmental coordination have positive effect and the changes of human resources management and organizational culture have negative effect on the innovation capability.
Study Structure and Properties of Reinforcing Rolled Coils by V-Alloyed C – Mn – Si - Steel with Dual- and Multi-Phase Microstructures
Authors: Plyuta V. L. , Vorobey S. A. , Levchenko G. V. , Sychkov A. B. , Nesterenko A. M.
Published: September 2017

Thermo-mechanical controlled rolling (TMCR) schedules have been studied on the wire line of 400/200 section rolling mill to manufacture 6.0 – mm - diameter reinforcing wire in coils by V-alloyed C – Mn – Si - steel that has dual-phase (DP - ferrite-martensite (bainite)) and multi-phase (MP - ferrite-martensite (bainite) - pearlite) microstructures.It has been established that high tensile strength and plasticity values were achieved in this 6.0 – mm wire in coils (YS0.2= 530-550 MPa; TS= 785 – 885 MPa; El5  = 15.0 – 29.0 %) which were in full compliance with national standard specifications such as ASТM A 615 (USA), JIS G 3112 (Japan) and KSD 3504 (the Republic of Korea)), when the TMCR schedules involving laying head temperatures ТLH from 1024 ºС to 1063 ºС were employed ensuring formation of MP microstructure.
Artikel 2:11 BW: ‘doorgeefluik van aansprakelijkheid’ of ‘aansprakelijkheidsvergroter’?
Authors: Hanegraaf C.E.J.M.
Published: September 2017

Artikel 2:11 BW: ‘doorgeefluik van aansprakelijkheid’ of ‘aansprakelijkheidsvergroter’?

Hoewel de Hoge Raad in het arrest Kampschöer/Le Roux artikel 2:11 BW tot een soort ‘aansprakelijkheidsvergroter’ maakt, laat de auteur in deze bijdrage zien dat dit artikel slechts een doorgeefluik van aansprakelijkheid dient te zijn.
Contesting Global Civil Society’s Legitimacy Claims: Evaluating International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs)’ Representation of and Accountability to Beneficiaries
Authors: Tamzil Cazadira Fediva
Published: September 2017

Masyarakat sipil global (global civil society) seringkali dianggap sebagai kekuatan moral progresif yang memberikan pembelaan dan perlindungan terhadap kelompok termarjinalisasi dalam arena politik global. Namun demikian, berangkat dari keyakinan bahwa masyarakat sipil memiliki kekuatan dan pengaruh yang besar terhadap dinamika global, tulisan ini menilai bahwa klaim-klaim legitimasi yang mereka utarakan sendiri maupun disampaikan oleh para akademisi sangat penting untuk dievaluasi, khususnya yang berkenaan dengan representasi dan akuntabilitas mereka terhadap kelompok dan individu penerima manfaat (beneficiaries). Tulisan ini berkesimpulan bahwa klaim-klaim legitimasi masyarakat sipil kurang dapat dijustifikasi, baik secara normatif maupun empiris. Dari sisi normatif, klaim representasi masyarakat sipil bermasalah karena seringkali kurang etis dan justru menimbulkan efek kontraproduktif terhadap kemaslahatan beneficiaries. Selain itu, mereka lebih akuntabel terhadap donor dan keberlangsungan institusi terkait dibandingkan pokok kepentingan para beneficiaries. Dari segi empiris, legitimasi masyarakat sipil pun dipertanyakan karena kini bermunculan diskursus-diskursus dari para beneficiaries mereka sendiri yang menentang aksi representative yang dilakukan serta minimnya akuntabilitas ditunjukkan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Internasional terhadap para "Beneficiaries" Penerima Manfaat. Tulisan ini diakhiri dengan rekomendasi terhadap LSM Internasional agar kembali menjadikan kepentingan Penerima Manfaat sebagai prioritas utama dan berhenti memproyeksikan beneficiaries sebagai pihak yang pasif, mute, dan tidak memiliki agensi politik.
Evaluation of ddRADseq for reduced representation metagenome sequencing
Authors: Liu Michael Y. , Worden Paul , Monahan Leigh G. , DeMaere Matthew Z. , Burke Catherine M. , Djordjevic Steven P. , Charles Ian G. , Darling Aaron E.
Published: September 2017

Background

Profiling of microbial communities via metagenomic shotgun sequencing has enabled researches to gain unprecedented insight into microbial community structure and the functional roles of community members. This study describes a method and basic analysis for a metagenomic adaptation of the double digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) protocol for reduced representation metagenome profiling.

Methods

This technique takes advantage of the sequence specificity of restriction endonucleases to construct an Illumina-compatible sequencing library containing DNA fragments that are between a pair of restriction sites located within close proximity. This results in a reduced sequencing library with coverage breadth that can be tuned by size selection. We assessed the performance of the metagenomic ddRADseq approach by applying the full method to human stool samples and generating sequence data.

Results

The ddRADseq data yields a similar estimate of community taxonomic profile as obtained from shotgun metagenome sequencing of the same human stool samples. No obvious bias with respect to genomic G + C content and the estimated relative species abundance was detected.

Discussion

Although ddRADseq does introduce some bias in taxonomic representation, the bias is likely to be small relative to DNA extraction bias. ddRADseq appears feasible and could have value as a tool for metagenome-wide association studies.
Characteristic Slip of Strong Earthquakes Along the Yishu Fault Zone in East China Evidenced by Offset Landforms
Authors: Jiang Wenliang , Zhang Jingfa , Han Zhujun , Tian Tian , Jiao Qisong , Wang Xin , Jiang Hongbo
Published: September 2017

The Yishu fault zone (YSFZ) is the most active fault in eastern China, and it is the location of anM8.5 earthquake that occurred in 1668. However, topography and landforms in this area have been greatly altered by human activity during the previous three to four decades, which makes assessment of past earthquakes difficult. We therefore used a set of remote sensing images captured in the 1960s to evaluate the single‐event and multievent cumulative offsets of streams along the fault. The local landforms have preserved the Holocene seismic offsets well despite the moderately humid climate in which the local landforms have evolved rapidly. Geomorphic markers associated with 401 systematically dextrally offset streams were analyzed and measured. These offset markers are considered to record seismic rupture processes. Cumulative offset probability densities were analyzed according to slip distributions along various subsections of the YSFZ. Four strong paleoearthquakes in addition to the 1668 earthquake were revealed by offset density peaks within the YSFZ, a finding that differs from those of previous studies. The average offset of the 1668 event is approximately 9 m. The cumulative offsets of the other four paleoseismic events are essentially multiples of the latest event. A single event ruptured more than 200 km of discontinuous fault traces. The similarity of the previous five earthquakes implies that rupturing of the YSFZ has followed a characteristic slip model during the Holocene, with a right‐lateral slip rate of 2.2–2.6 mm/yr. We expect that the YSFZ is not due for another large earthquake for several thousand years.
Multidecadal Weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon Circulation Induces an Increasing Northern Indian Ocean Sea Level
Authors: Swapna P. , Jyoti J. , Krishnan R. , Sandeep N. , Griffies S. M.
Published: September 2017

North Indian Ocean sea level has shown significant increase during last three to four decades. Analyses of long‐term climate data sets and ocean model sensitivity experiments identify a mechanism for multidecadal sea level variability relative to global mean. Our results indicate that North Indian Ocean sea level rise is accompanied by a weakening summer monsoon circulation. Given that Indian Ocean meridional heat transport is primarily regulated by the annual cycle of monsoon winds, weakening of summer monsoon circulation has resulted in reduced upwelling off Arabia and Somalia and decreased southward heat transport, and corresponding increase of heat storage in the North Indian Ocean. These changes in turn lead to increased retention of heat and increased thermosteric sea level rise in the North Indian Ocean, especially in the Arabian Sea. These findings imply that rising North Indian Ocean sea level due to weakening of monsoon circulation demands adaptive strategies to enable a resilient South Asian population.
Influence of velocity fluctuations on the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability and its associated mass transport
Authors: Nykyri Katariina , Ma Xuanye , Dimmock Andrew , Foullon Claire , Otto Antonius , Osmane Adnane
Published: September 2017

Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) and associated magnetic reconnection and diffusion processes provide plasma transport from solar wind into the magnetosphere. The efficiency of this transport depends on the magnetosheath and magnetospheric plasma and field properties at the vicinity of the magnetopause. Our recent statistical study using data from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft indicates that the amplitude of the magnetosheath velocity fluctuations perpendicular to the magnetopause can be substantial. We have performed a series of local macroscale 2.5‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the KHI during strongly northward interplanetary magnetic field and with the initial plasma parameters typical to the dayside magnetopause by perturbing the initial equilibrium with time‐dependent perpendicular velocity field fluctuations. The effect of the single‐mode and multimode seed spectrums at different frequencies and amplitudes is studied. The plasma transport in Kelvin‐Helmholtz vortices is quantified. The results show that when large‐amplitude, low‐frequency seed velocity fluctuations exist in the magnetosheath, the resulting KH waves grow faster, get larger in size, and can transport more plasma through magnetic boundary, resulting in diffusion coefficient of the order 109 m2/s. The relevance of these findings to the solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling is discussed.
Signatures of Ultrarelativistic Electron Loss in the Heart of the Outer Radiation Belt Measured by Van Allen Probes
Authors: Aseev N. A. , Shprits Y. Y. , Drozdov A. Y. , Kellerman A. C. , Usanova M. E. , Wang D. , Zhelavskaya I. S.
Published: September 2017

Up until recently, signatures of the ultrarelativistic electron loss driven by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the Earth's outer radiation belt have been limited to direct or indirect measurements of electron precipitation or the narrowing of normalized pitch angle distributions in the heart of the belt. In this study, we demonstrate additional observational evidence of ultrarelativistic electron loss that can be driven by resonant interaction with EMIC waves. We analyzed the profiles derived from Van Allen Probe particle data as a function of time and three adiabatic invariants between 9 October and 29 November 2012. New local minimums in the profiles are accompanied by the narrowing of normalized pitch angle distributions and ground‐based detection of EMIC waves. Such a correlation may be indicative of ultrarelativistic electron precipitation into the Earth's atmosphere caused by resonance with EMIC waves.
Along‐Axis Structure and Crustal Construction Processes of Spreading Segments in Iceland: Implications for Magmatic Rifts
Authors: Siler D. L. , Karson J. A.
Published: September 2017

Magmatic rift systems are composed of discrete spreading segments defined by morphologic, structural, and volcanic features that vary systematically along strike. In Iceland, structural features mapped in the glaciated and exhumed Miocene age upper crust correlate with analogous features in the seismically and volcanically active neovolcanic zone. Integrating information from both the active rift zones and ancient crust provides a three‐dimensional perspective of crustal structure and the volcanic and tectonic processes that construct crust along spreading segments. Crustal exposures in the Skagi region of northern Iceland reveal significant along‐strike variations in geologic structure. The upper crust at exhumed magmatic centers (segment centers) is characterized by a variety of intrusive rocks, high‐temperature hydrothermal alteration, and geologic evidence for kilometer‐scale subsidence. In contrast, the upper crust along segment limbs, which extend along strike from magmatic centers, is characterized by thick sections of gently dipping lava flows, cut by varying proportions of subvertical dikes. This structure implies relatively minor upper crustal subsidence and lateral dike intrusion. The differing modes of subsidence beneath segment centers and segment limbs require along‐axis mass redistribution in the underlying upper, middle, and lower crust during crustal construction. This along‐axis material transport is accomplished through lateral dike intrusion in the upper crust and by along‐axis flow of magmatic to high‐temperature solid‐state gabbroic material in the middle and lower crust. These processes, inferred from outcrop evidence in Skagi, are consistent with processes inferred to be important during active rifting in Iceland and at analogous magmatic oceanic and continental rifts.
The Workforce Investment and Opportunity Act: New Policy Developments and Persistent Issues
Authors: Jacobson Erik
Published: September 2017

This chapter reviews how the impact of WIOA on adult education provision in the United States may be limited because of persistent structural problems within adult education policy and practice.
A Textile Dressing for Temporal and Dosage Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Mostafalu Pooria , Kiaee Gita , Giatsidis Giorgio , Khalilpour Akbar , Nabavinia Mahboobeh , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Sonkusale Sameer , Orgill Dennis P. , Tamayol Ali , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: September 2017

Chronic wounds do not heal in an orderly fashion in part due to the lack of timely release of biological factors essential for healing. Topical administration of various therapeutic factors at different stages is shown to enhance the healing rate of chronic wounds. Developing a wound dressing that can deliver biomolecules with a predetermined spatial and temporal pattern would be beneficial for effective treatment of chronic wounds. Here, an actively controlled wound dressing is fabricated using composite fibers with a core electrical heater covered by a layer of hydrogel containing thermoresponsive drug carriers. The fibers are loaded with different drugs and biological factors and are then assembled using textile processes to create a flexible and wearable wound dressing. These fibers can be individually addressed to enable on‐demand release of different drugs with a controlled temporal profile. Here, the effectiveness of the engineered dressing for on‐demand release of antibiotics and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is demonstrated for eliminating bacterial infection and inducing angiogenesis in vitro. The effectiveness of the VEGF release on improving healing rate is also demonstrated in a murine model of diabetic wounds.
Making Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Microstripe Array Structure by Diffusion Bonding and Their Applications in Magnetic Control Microdroplet Release Systems
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Cao Jian , Jia Jianshu , Qi Junlei , Huang Yongxian , Feng Jicai
Published: September 2017

Hundreds of copper foils and iron foils with different thicknesses are alternatingly stacked and diffusion bonded, respectively. Cross‐sections of the diffusion bonded bulks are investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Hierarchical microstripe array structures with different groove depths and widths are successfully manufactured via selective corrosion followed by oxidation of the cross‐sections of the diffusion bonded bulks. The products are characterized via X‐ray diffraction, SEM, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the as‐obtained surfaces are modified with 1‐dodecanethiol to afford anisotropic superhydrophobicity. The chemical composition of the as‐obtained surfaces before and after modification is investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The contact angles (CAs) and sliding angles (SAs) are measured parallel and perpendicular to the grooves. The surface with a groove depth‐to‐width ratio of 0.75 and a groove‐width‐to‐bulge‐width ratio of five shows the best superhydrophobicity, on which the CAs and SAs are 162.5° and 2.0° in the direction perpendicular to the grooves and 161.1° and 0.9° in the direction parallel to the grooves, respectively. A magnetic control microdroplet release system is built using the reversible transformation of the contact states of the superparamagnetic microdroplet on the as‐prepared superhydrophobic microstripe array surface.
Highly 2,3‐Selective Polymerization of Phenylallene and Its Derivatives with Rare‐Earth Metal Catalysts: From Amorphous to Crystalline Products
Authors: Lin Fei , Liu Zhaohe , Wang Tiantian , Cui Dongmei
Published: September 2017

Rare‐earth metal complexes (Flu‐CH2‐Py)Ln(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)n (Ln=Sc(1), Lu(2), Tm(3), Y(4) and Gd(5)), upon the activation of [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] and AliBu3, were employed to catalyze the polymerization of allene derivatives under mild conditions. The Gd, Y, Tm, Lu metal based precursors exhibited distinguished 2,3‐selectivity (>99.9 %) for phenylallene (PA) polymerization, whereas the smallest Sc metal based precursor showed a moderate 2,3‐selectivity. The activity increased with the central metal size following the trend of Gd(5)>Tm(4)>Y(3)>Lu(2)>Sc(1). Moreover, Gd(5) also realized the purely 2,3‐selective polymerizations of polar or nonpolar allene derivatives, para‐methylphenylallene, para‐flourophenylallene and para‐methoxyphenylallene, regardless of electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing substituents. Owing to the highly regular backbones, these polymers (except PPA) were crystalline, thus being the first crystalline polymers based on allene derivatives.
Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Communesin F and a Putative Member of the Communesin Family
Authors: Park Jisook , Jean Alexandre , Chen David Y.‐K.
Published: September 2017

Here we report asymmetric total syntheses of communesin F and a putative member of the communesin family of bis‐aminal alkaloid natural products. The successful strategy featured the invention of an asymmetric organocatalytic reaction to unify two oxindole subunits, a Ti(OiPr)4‐mediated dehydrative skeletal rearrangement, and a late‐stage Pd(OAc)2‐catalyzed directed CH‐alkenylation reaction. Collectively, the synthetic technologies disclosed herein enabled the preparation of a late‐stage polycyclic intermediate catered for the synthesis of both naturally occurring and designed communesins. More importantly, speculated and yet to be discovered member(s) of the communesin family can now be accessed to facilitate a better understanding of the communesin biosynthetic network.