bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term Results of Breast Cancer Treatment in the Elderly and Old Age
Authors: Malakayev S. , Aralbaev R.
Published: September 2019

The relapse-free and overall survival, after the treatment of breast cancer, in elderly and senile patients, in addition to the time of initial treatment and the stage of the disease, directly depends on the method and extent of treatment. The article reflects the results of a retrospective and prospective analysis of relapse-free and overall survival in 177 elderly and elderly patients who received treatment for breast cancer from 2005 to 2019. The number of elderly patients (from 60 to 74 years old inclusive) was 131 (74%), senile age (from 75 to 90 years old) - 46 (26%). The majority of patients with a histologically established clinical diagnosis of breast cancer, compiled stage II - 102 (57.6%), stage III - 58 (32.8%), stage IV - 14 (7.9%) and stage I - 3 (1.7%). According to the results of the study, established by the Kaplan Meier method, the relapse-free and overall 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients to whom monotherapy was used, which was 87.5% and 76.4% compared with the combined treatment (surgical treatment + postoperative radiation therapy) 100% and 82.5%, as well as in comparison with complex treatment (surgical treatment + postoperative chemotherapy + postoperative radiation therapy) 90.8% and 80%, respectively. As for the volume of surgical intervention, overall survival and disease-free survival is higher with radical removal of the mammary gland with regional fiber.
Features of Tactics for the Management of Patients of the Elderly Age With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Danilov V. , Danilov V. , Ostobunaev V. , Danilov V.
Published: September 2019

The article presents the features of the tactics of conservative management of elderly patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A group of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (32 patients), whose mean age was 67 years old, was under observation. The total duration of conservative treatment and follow-up ranged from 1.5 to 4 years. The scope of the preliminary examination included an extended biochemical test, all patients underwent 2-day uroflow monitoring, ultrasound examinations of the urinary system, measurement of the size of the prostate and residual urine. The efficiency of conservative combination therapy was evaluated using the IPSS table, urination diaries and home uroflow monitoring. As a result of the treatment with 5-alpha-reductase, alpha1-blockers, lipoic acid and vitamins, there was a significant decrease in the severity of clinical symptoms and leveling of dysfunction of the lower urinary tract.
Comparative Analysis of Transusrethral Bipolar Resection and Enucleation in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Combination With Cystolithotripsia
Authors: Korotaev P. , Zubkov I. , Goloviznin Yu. , Zubkova N. , Chashchin S.
Published: September 2019

The article presents the results of the transurethral endoscopic treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and patients with BPH in combination with bladder stones. The retrospective analysis included 266 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia for the period from 2017 till 2018. All patients were divided into groups according to the treatment option used for BPH (TURis or TUEB) and the presence or absence of simultaneous cystolithotripsia. The study demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the duration of surgical intervention, as well as an increase in the number of perioperative complications in the group of patients with cystolithotripsia. The timing of the removal of the urethral catheter and the duration of the postoperative stationary period did not differ between the compared groups.
The Efficiency of Modern Endoscopic Methods of Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia of Medium and Large Sizes
Authors: Pomeshkin E. , Shamin M.
Published: September 2019

The article presents the results of the study of the effectiveness of new endosurgical methods of treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia of large size (on average 137.4 cm3) - bipolar transurethral enucleation (TUEB; 8 patients) in comparison with retroperitoneoscopic prostatectomy (RPS PE; 7) and medium size (78.2 cm3) - bipolar transurethral resection (BTUR; 110) in comparison with monopolar transurethral resection MTUR; 95). The smallest volume of blood loss during surgery, frequency of intra- and postoperative complications, duration of postoperative bladder drainage and hospital stay were noted for BTUR. At the same time, all the studied new methods have shown almost equal efficacy in radical treatment and removal of infravesical obstruction, which indicates the appropriateness of their choice in accordance with the initial size of prostate hyperplasia instead of the previously used traumatic open surgeries and MTUR.
The Results of the Introduction of the Bipolar Methods Transurethral Resection in the Surgical Practice Treatment of Benign Hyperplasia Prostate
Authors: Perchatkin V. , Khamitov D. , Kasimov M.
Published: September 2019

The evaluation of medium-term clinical results of the implementation of bipolar technique of transurethral resection and enucleation for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia is presented. The study included 34 patients with a prostate volume of 60 cm3, was operated by the method of bipolar transurethral resection and 30 patients with 60 to 180 cm3 volume, operated by the method of bipolar transurethral enucleation. In the application of new endoscopic methods, the average term of postoperative catheterization was 3.1 days, hospitalization - 7.9 days, intra- and postoperative complications (bleeding, acute urinary retention, acute orchoepididymitis) were isolated. Two patients underwent repeated surgery to eliminate urinary retention and scarring of the bladder neck. 1 month after surgery, urine flow rate increased by 9.8 ml/s, residual urine volume decreased by 81.1 ml, the average score on the IPSS scale - by 20 points. Comparison with the results of open operations performed in the clinic earlier with similar volumes of the prostate gland showed high efficiency and safety of new endoscopic methods.
To the Issue of Ketogenic Diet in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Evseev A.
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the pressing issue of the medical use of the ketogenic diet in the type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Obesity has become one of the most acute worldwide problems. The medical community is concerned about a hike in the number of obese people in the world. This leads to heavy consequences, namely an increase in the incidence of diabetes and the development of further complications. The article highlights and reveals the features of the pathogenesis of obesity in adults and children; WHO statistics on this issue are provided. The purpose of this article is to study the latest basic research on the issue of ketogenic diet therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus; identification of positive and negative results of clinical trials; summary of foreign practical experience. In conclusion, the author says that the issue of the medical use of the ketogenic diet stays open and requires further large-scale research both in Russia and abroad.
Problems of Improvement of Nurse Business in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Amanbekov A.
Published: September 2019

In this article, the analysis of a problem of development of nurse business in the Kyrgyz Republic is given. Long-time was not given to nursing business sufficient attention as to the independent sphere of professional activity. There was an idea of the nurse as soon as about the medical assistant who is carrying out only nursing care and not showing an initiative in the delivery of health care. It was the reason for the decline in quality of the sisterly help, mass outflow of shots and low supply of average medical personnel. The nurse business as the most important component of a health care system has considerable personnel resources, real opportunities for satisfaction of the population in high-quality, available medical care. For improvement of the medical and diagnostic process, carrying out rehabilitation, actions for prevention of diseases and hygienic education of the population modern sisterly technologies are necessary. According to modern theories of nurse business, the nurse has considered the full partner of the doctor making independent sisterly decisions. At the same time, the doctor and the nurse have to work in the multi-professional team of experts of health care. In the republic, several programs for the improvement of the organization of nurse business according to the international standards are developed. Within reforming of a health care system attempts of optimization of nurse business in the republic are made. At the same time, the insufficient efficiency of the undertaken reforms of nurse business and lack of scientifically based personnel policy was noted. The factors influencing its development are allocated: an insufficient possibility of nurses to affect actively results of treatment; low professional standard; lack of motivation and prestige of a profession; social and professional security. In the conditions of reforming of a health care system of the Kyrgyz Republic at the increasing role of nurse business, there was a need of consideration of these experts as the experts playing a key role in ensuring high-quality medical care to the population. It dictates the importance of radical reorganization of the role of average medical personnel in a health care system. However, many aspects of the organization of nurse business in the republic remain not solved problems. There is a need for training of specialists of nurse business of new generation, capable to analyze a situation, to quickly make effective management decisions and to introduce new sisterly technologies.
Issues of Security of the Population and Training of Nurses in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Turgunaly kyzy G.
Published: September 2019

In this article, the author carried out the analysis of the security of the population by experts of an average link and training of nurses in the Kyrgyz Republic. Now in a health care system, the key place occupies average medical personnel which render the most part of medical services to the population. It dictates the need for reforming of a system of training of specialists with secondary medical education according to modern standards. The priority direction of the Program of development of nurse business and education in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2019-2023 is reforming of sisterly education according to requirements, requirements of health care and improvement of management at the level of the educational organization, improvement of a system of continuous sisterly education is directed to formation of the practice-focused educational process, improvement of the state educational standards of sisterly education, strengthening of practical orientation in training of specialists of nurse business. In article statistical data of the Center of electronic health care of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic is used. The carried-out analysis of dynamics of security of the population with average medical personnel in Kyrgyz the Republics from 2016 to 2018 showed a negative trend. In all years the trend of decrease in security of the population of the Kyrgyz Republic was observed by average medical personnel, including nurses. Training of specialists with secondary medical education in the republic is carried out in 27 educational institutions of secondary medical education. From them 15 state and 12 private medical colleges. In the dynamics of preparation of medical shots with secondary medical education in general on the republic, the trend of decrease in the release of experts in 2017 and an insignificant increase in 2018 is observed. On the republic in dynamics decrease in the number of training of specialists of nurse business in 2017 and 2018 was observed. The insufficient efficiency of the reforms of nurse business undertaken in the republic and lack of scientifically based personnel policy causes the need for reforming of educational process on nurse business.
Medico-technical Characteristic Analysis of Kyrgyz Republic Residential Institutions
Authors: Abdullaev T.
Published: September 2019

The article analyzes the medical and technical characteristics of the three residential institutions of the Kyrgyz Republic. We studied the problems of orphanhood children in the Kyrgyz Republic. It is shown that the current socio-economic situation in recent years has exacerbated the problem of social orphanhood and contributed to the increase in the number of children and adolescents left without parental care The reason for determining children from large and low-income families to a boarding school is the extremely low size of the child allowance. Prolonged stay of children in the similar conditions, in a large team, limited contact with the outside world have a significant impact on the children health, the mechanisms of social adaptation, lead to increased fatigue and neuropsychiatric disorders. Also, the large vacancy of staff was observed in the studied residential institutions, in 29.1% of cases there is a discrepancy of staffing requirements, which leads to a decrease in the quality of care and treatment of sick children in such condition. This revealed the need of improving medical care organization for children raised without parents by including measures to ensure a safe environment of education and enhance the material and technical equipment in specialized children's institutions. This revealed necessity of monitoring the state of children health brought up without parents, using new technologies in orphanages. Also, to improve the situation, it is necessary to provide a complete set of personnel of these studied residential institutions, including narrow specialists. The results of the study made it possible to present a comprehensive description of the risk factors that have the greatest impact on the health and morbidity of children raised without parents.
Analytical Parameters of Water Samples Natural Springs of Kubiyazy Village of the Askino District of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Zaripova A. , Onina S. , Kozlova G.
Published: September 2019

Water quality indicators of natural springs Chishma and Zayni located in the rural village of Kubiyazi in the Askino district of the Republic of Bashkortostan are considered. In the process, standard techniques were used. The work was carried out in the summer season of 2019. The physical and chemical indicators of water were determined, and an organoleptic assessment was carried out. Among the indicators, the main ones were general mineralization, hardness, cationic and anionic composition. Radiological measurements performed. All data were statistically processed; average indicators were used for analysis. As a result of the work, it was found that all indicators of water quality as a whole do not exceed the normative for use in household and drinking purposes. The water of the studied points corresponds to SanPiN 2.1.4.1175-02.
Estimation of Soil Pollution With Heavy Metals Around Dashkesan Mining and Processing Factory
Authors: Djabbarov N.
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to the results of the determination and assessment of the content of heavy metals (HM) in the soil around the Dashkesan mining and processing factory of the Azerbaijan Republic. Combine open-pit mining method produces iron ore with its subsequent enrichment by flotation. Quarry blasting, transportation and crushing of ore by flotation swallowing; open pit and waste rock dumps after ore concentration (heaps) are the main sources of environmental pollution. Air currents and meltwaters contaminants HM fall into the soil. By the method of atomic absorption spectrometry in soil, the total content of Pb, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn was determined. The assessment of soil contamination by heavy metals was carried out by the Clarke number, the MPC and the total amount (Zc) of the TM. According to the Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn content, the soils are estimated as unpolluted, and according to the Co and Cr content - extremely polluted (MPC exceedance is more than 4 times). According to the total content of HM (Zc), soils are also assessed as extremely polluted. There is no regularity in the distribution of HM content in the soil around the source of pollution. As the distance from the source of contamination increases, the HM content in the soil changes spontaneously, which is a result of the influence of orographic and geological factors.
Change of Some Physical Properties of Gray-Brown Soils of Southern Mugan With Long-Term Use
Authors: Mirzayeva S.
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the water-physical properties of soils of South Mugan. Standard methods for assessing the physicochemical properties of the soil were used. The work was carried out in the period 2017-2019. The determination was carried out in the laboratory of the Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of Azerbaijan NAS. As a result, it was found that these soils, depending on the anthropogenic influence, have different characteristics depending on the anthropogenic influence and natural properties. Changes in the water-physical properties of gray-brown soils of South Mugan occur depending on the features of use. There is an improvement in agrophysical indices on arable soils under agricultural lands in comparison with untreated, virgin lands. The use of soil protection measures to improve the water-physical properties of the studied soils is recommended.
Evaluation and Status of Soils in the Dashkasan-Gadabay Cadaster Region
Authors: Mustafayev Z.
Published: September 2019

The paper presents an analysis of the soils of the Dashakasan-Gadabay region. Used historical data. A bonnet cartogram 1:100000, a map of agricultural land, a map of distribution by the form of ownership was compiled. The effective use of plans and to improve the methods of their use. Proposals for the protection of soil reserves. According to the classification of G. Sh. Mammadov, the lands are divided into groups: organizational, agricultural and technological, technical, reclamation, biological and environmental, socio-economic.
Some Aspects of Rational Use of Soil Resources for Implementation Soils Fertility
Authors: Mammadova E.
Published: September 2019

The article presents an analysis of indicators of physical properties directly affecting the increase of soil fertility. In connection with what it is necessary to develop methods for the rational use of soil resources. To achieve this goal, the temperature regime of the soil, density, thermal diffusivity, heat capacity and other physical parameters of the soil under agricultural crops have been studied. The effective use of the soil, the determination of the current state of the soil, the elimination of degradation in the soil as a result of natural and anthropogenic impacts, the restoration and improvement of soil fertility and the regulation of agrophysical properties have been studied.
The Obtaining Process Optimization a New Biological Preservative for Ensiling of Perennial Grasses
Authors: Vasilyeva E. , Rabinovich G.
Published: September 2019

All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands has developed and patented a method for producing a biological preservative for ensiling perennial grasses, which is based on a cascade process for the fermentation and extraction of raw materials (peat and bird droppings). The result is a liquid biological product with a high content of beneficial lactic microflora, nutrients and biologically active substances. One of the advantages of the developed process is the possibility of modification and influence on the final result. The goal of the research outlined in this article was to compare two ways to obtain a bio-preservative (basic and new) and to evaluate the feasibility of using a new multicomponent stimulator. The basic method includes the introduction of bakery production waste as a stimulant and the use of a solution of potassium phosphate as the extractant. The new method is characterized in that a multi-component additive was used as a biological stimulant, including bakery production waste, hardwood ash, ascorbic acid and potassium phosphate. The acetic acid solution was used as an extractant. During the implementation of the processes, the pH value, the total microbial contamination, the activity of the enzymes of the cellulase and invertase. A multicomponent stimulator provided elevated pH values during the entire fermentation period (on average by 22% relative to the base method), which indicated the activation of the microbial community (up to nx109) and active transformation of the feedstock. He was already active in the early stages of fermentation (the invertase-cellulase ratio by the new technology was 1.4 versus 0.8 by the base technology). The pH of biological preservatives changed depending on the extractant: alkaline (6.5) or acidic (4.9). The active reaction of the extractant medium affected the total microbial contamination. In the variant with the basic alkaline extractant, there was a rapid growth of microflora (nx1011). Acidic extractant inhibited the development of many types of microorganisms (nx1010), but it is he who can give priority to lactic acid microorganisms, for which the acidity of the medium is not a limiting factor.
The Influence of Liquid Humic Biological Means on the Growth and Development of Potatoes
Authors: Rabinovich G. , Fomicheva N.
Published: September 2019

Liquid humic biological means are widely used in plant growing for seed treatment, for root and foliar fertilizing of agricultural plants. In All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands developed a liquid humic biological means, whose composition is characterized by the presence of humic acids - not less than 5 g/l, potassium humates - not less than 20 g/l, a set of macro- and microelements, pH - not more than 10. The purpose of the work performed was to study the effect of liquid humic biological means on the growth and development of potatoes as a result of processing tubers before planting. The results of laboratory and field experiments conducted in 2017-2018 are presented. According to the results of a laboratory experiment, the most effective 10% concentration of the working solution of a humic biological means for the treatment of potato tubers before planting was determined. In the small-scale experiment with potatoes, three concentrations (0,5%; 2,0% and 10%) of the humic biological means were used to treat seed. Potatoes were grown on the background of organic fertilizer and without background. When growing potatoes without the main background, a 10% concentration of the biological means promoted the most active growth and development of the potato, which was consistent with the data from the laboratory experiment. At the same time, the yield increase was 10,5% relative to the control without fertilizers. When cultivating potatoes against the background of the main organic fertilizer, the maximum yield was obtained by treating the tubers with a minimum 0,5% concentration of humic biological means - the gain was 14,3% relative to the background. The increase in yield was formed primarily due to the increase in the number of tubers in the bush, as well as the mass of commodity tubers. Statistical evaluation of the quality indicators of potato tubers did not reveal significant changes from the treatment of planting material with humic biological means solutions.
Oftalmología para Médico General
Authors: Haro Haro Daniel Enrique
Published: September 2019

El Simposio “Oftalmología para el Médico General” tiene por finalidad proporcionar a los médicos generales y a los estudiantes de medicina, conceptos básicos sobre las afecciones oculares más frecuentes, de fácil diagnóstico y menor complejidad y aquellas factibles de ser resueltas en una institución de salud de primer nivel de atención, así como, también enfatizar sobre los procedimientos y acciones más efectivas para su prevención. Con ello, se busca facilitar desde el inicio su tratamiento apropiado y hacer posible, de ser necesario, la transferencia oportuna al especialista o a las instituciones de mayor nivel, a efecto de evitar un mayor daño de la capacidad visual.
Análisis clínico y electrofisiológico del hipotiroidismo subclínico en una población hospitalaria
Authors: Pérez Galdós Proel , Paucar-Cadillo Rosario
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: Investigar los efectos del hipotiroidismo primario subclínico y clínico en la función nerviosa periférica. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de pacientes seleccionados con diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo primario subclínico y clínico con sintomatología sensitiva o motora; se analizaron variables demográficas, tipo de hipotiroidismo, tratamiento con levotiroxina (LT4); se definió la presencia de polineuropatía o neuropatía focal con estudios de velocidad de conducción nerviosa. Resultados: Se estudiaron a 33 pacientes con diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo clínico (HC) y subclínico (HSC), el promedio de edad fue de 64.76 años, el 90.9 % de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino, el dolor y las parestesias de las extremidades fueron la sintomatologías más frecuentes, en el HC los niveles de TSH y T4 Libre fueron normales, en el HSC los niveles promedio de TSH y T4 libre fueron de: 11.40 mU/L y 0.85 ng/dl respectivamente. Al realizar las pruebas neurofisiológicas se observó que el 42.4 % de los pacientes en general, tuvieron alteraciones en los estudios de neuro conducción sensitiva o motora. Conclusiones: Existe un número limitado de estudios funcionales a nivel del Sistema Nervioso Periférico en pacientes con este trastorno, la afectación del nervio periférico en el hipotiroidismo probablemente esté relacionado a la duración de la enfermedad e influenciados por el tratamiento específico.
Metabolismo intermediario basal y postpran­ dialen obesos de alturay nivel del mar
Authors: Garmendia Fausto , Pando-Alvarez Rosa , Mendoza -Muñoz Yanet , Torres  -Damas William
Published: September 2019

Objetivos: Estudiar el metabolismo intermediario basal y postprandial en obesos de altura (OA), y compararlo con personas con peso normal de altura (NA) y con obesos de nivel del mar (ONM) Material y métodos: Se incluyó a 30 NA-, 39 obesos de altura OA (Cusco, 3,395 msnm.) y a 35 obesos de nivel del mar ONM (Lima, 150 msnm), de ambos géneros, de 40 a 70 años de edad. En ayunas se midió glucosa (G), triglicéridos (Tg), colesterol total (CT), HDL, insulina (I), ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE), el colesterol VLDL, LDL, NoHDL y coeficiente HOMA fueron calculados y luego durante 6 horas después de un desayuno mixto estándar se determinó G, I, Tg y AGNE. Resultados: En condiciones basales los OA presentaron HDL más bajo y Tg y AGNE más altos que los NA y AGNE más altos que los ONM. Durante el período postprandial, los OA tuvieron valores más altos de I, Tg y NEFA que los NA y concentraciones más altas de Tg y AGNE que los ONM con mínimas diferencias en la G e I. Conclusiones: Los obesos de altura presentan resistencia a la insulina en comparación a los normales de altura y valores más altos de triglicéridos y ´NEFA que los obesos de nivel del mar.
Emergencias oftalmológicas y su manejo por el médico general
Authors: Barriga Salaverry Guillermo , C. Barriga-Doy Guillermo
Published: September 2019

Las emergencias oftalmológicas son situaciones repentinas con riesgo inminente de pérdida de la visión que requieren atención inmediata para evitar secuela permanente. Algunas de ellas deberán ser atendidas en primera instancia por un médico emergencista. El objetivo de esta sección es proporcionar los elementos diagnósticos y terapéuticos para que todo médico pueda realizar la tarea con éxito en esta instancia y derivar la situación en forma segura y oportuna al oftalmólogo.
Síndrome de ojo rojo
Authors: Chafloque Cervantes Augusto B.
Published: September 2019

Uno de los problemas clínicos que el médico en una emergencia enfrenta diariamente es el ojo rojo. La mayoría de los casos son relativamente benignos y autolimitados; sin embargo, algunas condiciones están asociadas con alta morbilidad y son potencialmente amenazantes para la visión y pueden manifestarse inicialmente como ojo rojo. El médico debe estar atento a buscar los factores de alto riesgo en la historia clínica y en el examen, para determinar aquellos casos que pueden ser tratados en la emergencia sin la intervención del oftalmólogo y de otros que deben ser evaluados por el especialista de manera urgente por el peligro inminente de pérdida visual. El diagnóstico diferencial del ojo rojo es extenso, sin embargo, los casos más frecuentes incluyen: las conjuntivitis de múltiple etiología, las hemorragias subconjuntivales, epiescleritis, escleritis, uveitis anterior y glaucoma agudo congestivo de ángulo cerrado, que es una de las emergencias más importantes en medicina.
Sindrome de ojo blanco; como causa de ceguera
Authors: Avilés Calderón José Gustavo , Vargas-Chang Patricia Ximena
Published: September 2019

El Síndrome de ojo blanco como causa de ceguera busca englobar un grupo de patologías oculares cuyo desenlace es la pérdida visual. La etiología de estas enfermedades es diversa, se trata desde enfermedades asociadas a un aumento de la presión intraocular como el glaucoma de ángulo abierto, enfermedades obstructivas vasculares de los vasos retinianos principales o problemas inflamatorios del nervio óptico.
Retinopatíadiabética
Authors: Tobaru Miyashiro Luis , Guzmán-Ahumada Miguel
Published: September 2019

La diabetes mellitus en un grave problema de salud pública a nivel mundial que se encuentra en aumento. La retinopatía diabética es una complicación de esta enfermedad y debido a su alta prevalencia es la principal causa de ceguera en la población económicamente activa. En esta revisión se busca resaltar la importancia del diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno y adecuado, tanto de la diabetes mellitus y las condiciones de riesgo asociadas, como de la retinopatía diabética.
Nuevos horizontes en el tratamiento de algunas enfermedades oculares
Authors: Roca Fernández José Antonio , Roca-Contreras Daniela
Published: September 2019

En los últimos años la oftalmología ha progresado significativamente gracias a la tecnología. En el tratamiento de la distrofia corneal de Fuchs era necesario realizar trasplante de córnea, en la actualidad existe una nueva modalidad de tratamiento llamada descemetorrexis, la cual tiene una muy alta tasa de éxito y no requiere de trasplante. En cuanto a cirugía de la catarata y el implante de lentes intraoculares, éstos han progresado asombrosamente, pudiendo lograr en la actualidad visiones prácticamente perfectas luego de la cirugía. En cuanto al tratamiento de algunas enfermedades hereditarias de la retina, las cuales eran hasta hace muy poco intratables, contamos en la actualidad con la terapia génica que puede detener e incluso revertir la pérdida de visión.
Problemas de Salud Pública Ocular y linea­ mientos para su solución
Authors: Miranda Vargas Fano Mauricio
Published: September 2019

Es importante y crucial comenzar de forma comprometida afrontar las diferentes enfermedades oculares enmarcadas cronológicamente según estudios estadísticos, epidemiológicos y demográficos en cada región del país para mejorar el nivel de atención de la población. Esto conllevaría a formar equipos multidisciplinarios que trabajen de manera intersectorial para combatir las patologías prevalentes de los problemas oculares: en neonatos como la Retinopatía de la Prematuridad (ROP), el Retinoblastoma, los defectos visuales y la ambliopía de la infancia y la adolescencia; afecciones infecciosas y degenerativos de la superficie ocular como el pterigion, causa importante de ceguera, diversas tipos de conjuntivitis y úlceras corneales que comprometen la visión; y en el adulto mayor, glaucoma, catarata y de problemas de retina, mácula y vítreo asociados a enfermedades sistémicas, metabólicas y degenerativas.
Detección de hongos y aflatoxinas en alimen- tos de importancia en salud pública
Authors: Rojas Jaimes Jesús
Published: September 2019

Los mercados de abastos, localizados en diferentes distritos de Lima, son lugares que expenden una diversidad de alimentos a una gran población. Nuestro estudio determinó presencia de hongos y alflatoxina de importancia en Salud Pública en 25 alimentos de 15 mercados de 13 distritos de Lima. Entre los hongos de mayor importancia encontrados estuvieron Aspergillus niger en V. vinífera, Fusarium en A. hypogaea y Mucor en O. sativa y C. anuum. Entre las levaduras se identificó a C. tropicalis en S. lycopersicum, C. krusei en D. carota. Adicionalmente se identificó aflatoxinas carcinogénicas en los alimentos con mayor contaminación como Arachis hypogaea “mani” (149,7 ppb) del mercado Limoncillo/Rimac y Capsicum Chinense “ají panka” (56,4 ppb) del mercado Central de Comas. Por tanto, estos hallazgos generan un riesgo para presentar micosis superficiales y profundas, así como el riesgo de cáncer hepático, daño renal y del sistema inmunológico por aflatoximas en personas que manipulan y consumen estos alimentos respectivamente.
La tos crón caintratable nosiempre es asma
Authors: Accinelli Roberto A. , Stefany Rivas-García Vilma , Ñaña-Pomasonco Ana Gabriela
Published: September 2019

La capital del Perú es la segunda ciudad más poblada del mundo en medio de un desierto. Por 8 a 9 meses por año está cubierta por un manto de nubes producto de la presencia de la cordillera de los Andes y de la corriente de Humboldt. Por esta inversión térmica en Lima la prevalencia de asma es muy elevada, ocupando el primer lugar de frecuencia en respuesta al cuestionario visual del estudio ISAAC(1). Por ello la tendencia es a considerar a cualquier persona que se queje de tos perenne y ronquera de pecho como portador de asma, existiendo otras enfermedades que pueden explicar los síntomas que presente el paciente. Presentamos el caso de una adulta mayor vista por tres años por diferentes médicos, habiendo incluso sido hospitalizada por esta enfermedad que finalmente no lo fue.
Dr.Lesl e Belmont Raitegui(1939-2019)
Authors: Valdivia Maibach Rodolo
Published: September 2019

El Dr. Belmont fue un gran hombre, un gran padre, un gran hijo y sobre todo un mejor Maestro. Desde muy pequeño vivió en una familia que manejaba todo lo vinculado al aerotransporte, razón por la cual siempre le gustó la aviación, si bien no la siguió como carrera pero le encantaba el manejo de simuladores de vuelo en sus horas de ocio que fueron pocas.
Evaluación clínica y radiográfica del silicato tricálcico (Biodentine)® en pulpotomías de molares deciduas. Reporte de casos
Authors: Jara - Porroa Jackeline Jajaira
Published: September 2019

El silicato tricalcico (Biodentine)®, induce el desarrollo de dentina reparativa y logra el mantenimiento de la vitalidad y función del tejido, evitando así tratamientos mas invasivos como pulpectomias o exodoncias.

Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento clínico y radiográfico de la pul-pa expuesta al silicato tricalcico (Biodentine)® usado en pulpotomias como tratamiento de molares deciduas.

Resultados: A las evaluaciones de 3, 6 y 9 meses se evidenció éxito clínico y radiográfico de todos los procedimientos.

Conclusiones: Se evidenció que el Biodentine® puede ser usado o considerado un medicamento efectivo y prometedor en tratamiento de pulpotomías en dientes deciduos. Sin embargo, es necesario realizar más estudios clínicos a largo plazo para tener conclusiones más exactas.
Spanish broom (Spartium junceum L.) – feedstock for bioplastic
and bioenergy industry
Authors: Kovačević Zorana , Jurišić Vanja , Grubor Mateja , Matin Ana , Krička Tajana , Bischof Sandra
Published: September 2019

Spanish
Broom (Spartium junceum L.) is a
Mediterranean plant of various usage possibilities. Its fibres were known since
ancient time but in some point of last century, more accurately in 1950s, their
production was abandoned due to the negative economic effect. Another drawback
was large time consumption, especially during the old tradition method –
Spanish Broom maceration in salt water. Nowadays, due to technology development
and ecological awareness, it is much easier to produce Spanish Broom fibres of
enhanced quality. One of the fibre extraction methods is the one assisted with
microwave oven. Demerit of such fibre production is in large residue content
after obtaining fibres - approx. 90 % of initial Spanish Broom weight. Due to the
need for finding sustainable solutions in the development of new materials, the
usage of Spanish Broom fibres in the service of reinforcement for biopolymer
poly (lactic acid) (PLA) matrix was investigated. Obtained results target our
further research into the direction of Spanish Broom fibres and PLA application
in the production of green composites. The aim of this research was to prove
that developed product can be categorized under the biodegradable group by
investigating its degradation properties using serine endopeptidase enzyme. The
results show positive degradation effect while using 50 wt.% (on weight of
material) enzyme concentration during a 5-day treatment.
Stem
residues of Spanish Broom plant derived from salty water and microwave
maceration were further investigated for their potential as raw material for
second-generation biofuel production. Examination of its energy properties
consisted of determination of proximate and ultimate properties of the biomass.
The results show low moisture content (6.5 % - 7.5 %), ash content below 5 %
and higher values of fixed carbon and volatile matter content of 13.2 % and 75
%, respectively. Higher heating values that were determined (17.2 - 18.8 MJ/kg)
indicate a high quality biomass that can be used most effectively in solid
biofuel production.
Corticosterone Excess-Mediated Mitochondrial Damage Induces Hippocampal Neuronal Autophagy in Mice Following Cold Exposure
Authors: Xu Bin , Lang Limin , Li Shize , Yuan Jianbin , Wang Jianfa , Yang Huanmin , Lian Shuai
Published: September 2019

Cold stress can induce autophagy mediated by excess corticosterone (CORT) in the hippocampus, but the internal mechanism induced by cold stress is not clear. In vivo, male and female C57BL/6 mice were stimulated in 4 °C, 3 h per day for 1 week to build the model of cold sress. In vitro, hippocampal neuronal cell line (HT22) cells were incubated with or without mifepristone (RU486) for 1 h, then treated with 400 μM cortisol (CORT) for 3 h. In vivo, autophagy was measured by western blotting. In vitro, monodansylcadaverine staining, western blotting, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence were used to characterize the mechanism of autophagy induced by excess CORT. Autophagy was shown in mouse hippocampus tissues following cold exposure, including mitochondrial damage, autophagy, and 5’ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activation after CORT treatment. Autophagy did not rely on the glucocorticoid receptor. In addition, autophagy in male mice was more severe. The study would provide new insight into the mechanisms and the negative effect of the cold stress response, which can inform the development of new strategies to combat the effects of hypothermia.
The Endocannabinoid System of Animals
Authors: Silver Robert J.
Published: September 2019

The endocannabinoid system has been found to be pervasive in mammalian species. It has also been described in invertebrate species as primitive as the Hydra. Insects, apparently, are devoid of this, otherwise, ubiquitous system that provides homeostatic balance to the nervous and immune systems, as well as many other organ systems. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been defined to consist of three parts, which include (1) endogenous ligands, (2) G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and (3) enzymes to degrade and recycle the ligands. Two endogenous molecules have been identified as ligands in the ECS to date. The endocannabinoids are anandamide (arachidonoyl ethanolamide) and 2-AG (2-arachidonoyl glycerol). Two G-coupled protein receptors (GPCR) have been described as part of this system, with other putative GPC being considered. Coincidentally, the phytochemicals produced in large quantities by the Cannabis sativa L plant, and in lesser amounts by other plants, can interact with this system as ligands. These plant-based cannabinoids are termed phytocannabinoids. The precise determination of the distribution of cannabinoid receptors in animal species is an ongoing project, with the canine cannabinoid receptor distribution currently receiving the most interest in non-human animals.
3D Display System Based on Spherical Wave Field Synthesis
Authors: Falldorf Claas , Chou Ping-Yen , Prigge Daniel , Bergmann Ralf
Published: September 2019

We present a novel concept and first experimental results of a new type of 3D display, which is based on the synthesis of spherical waves. The setup comprises a lens array (LA) with apertures in the millimeter range and a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel. Each pixel of the LCD creates a spherical wave cutout that propagates towards the observer. During the displaying process, the curvature of the spherical waves is dynamically changed by either changing the distance between LA and LCD or by adapting the focal lengths of the lenses. Since the system, similar to holography, seeks to approximate the wavefront of a natural scene, it provides true depth information to the observer and therefore avoids any vergence–accommodation conflict (VAC).
Dynamic Properties of Sand-Sawdust Mixture for Modeling Deposit Soil
Authors: Pan Danguang , Li Xueju , Lu Pan , Chen Qingjun
Published: September 2019

Soil mixtures with various materials such as scraps of rubber tire, iron powder, and synthetic fibers have been widely used in civil engineering for experimental research or infrastructure construction and maintenance. However, these materials are not only expensive, but may also result in environmental concerns. In recent years, sawdust, because of its light-weight, inexpensive, and environmental friendly characteristics, has frequently been used in the shaking table test to adjust the dynamic properties of experimental soil. However, the dynamic properties of a sand-sawdust mixture for the shaking table test are still unclear. In this paper, the dynamic properties and the hysteresis curve characteristics of the sand-sawdust mixture as well as the influence of the sawdust content and confining pressure on the dynamic properties were studied using a series of consolidated drained dynamic triaxial tests. The test results show that, with the increase of the shear strain, the shape of the hysteresis loops changes from symmetrical willow-leaf to asymmetry sharp-leaf. For a given confining pressure, both the shear modulus and damping ratio decreases as the sawdust percentage increases. It was observed that, with an increase in confining pressure, the shear modulus increased while the damping ratio decreased slightly in the shear strain range of 10−3 to 7 × 10−3. It was also observed that the maximum shear modulus increased as the confining pressure increased, while the maximum damping ratio remained nearly constant. In addition, both the maximum shear modulus and the maximum damping ratio decreased as the sawdust content increased. Finally, the normalized shear modulus and damping ratio were established, which can be used in simulations using the shaking table test.
III-Nitride Multi-Quantum-Well Light Emitting Structures with Selective Carrier Injection
Authors: El-Ghoroury Hussein S. , Kisin Mikhail V. , Chuang Chih-Li
Published: September 2019

Incorporation into the multi-layered active region of a semiconductor light-emitting structure specially designed intermediate carrier blocking layers (IBLs) allows efficient control over the carrier injection distribution across the structure’s active region to match the application-driven device injection characteristics. This approach has been successfully applied to control the color characteristics of monolithic multi-color light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We further exemplify the method’s versatility by demonstrating the IBL design of III-nitride multiple-quantum-well (MQW) light-emitting diode with active quantum wells uniformly populated at LED operational current.
The Interacting Head Motif Structure Does Not Explain the X-Ray Diffraction Patterns in Relaxed Vertebrate (Bony Fish) Skeletal Muscle and Insect (Lethocerus) Flight Muscle
Authors: Knupp Carlo , Morris Edward , Squire John M.
Published: September 2019

Unlike electron microscopy, which can achieve very high resolution but to date can only be used to study static structures, time-resolved X-ray diffraction from contracting muscles can, in principle, be used to follow the molecular movements involved in force generation on a millisecond timescale, albeit at moderate resolution. However, previous X-ray diffraction studies of resting muscles have come up with structures for the head arrangements in resting myosin filaments that are different from the apparently ubiquitous interacting head motif (IHM) structures found by single particle analysis of electron micrographs of isolated myosin filaments from a variety of muscle types. This head organization is supposed to represent the super-relaxed state of the myosin filaments where adenosine triphosphate (ATP) usage is minimized. Here we have tested whether the interacting head motif structures will satisfactorily explain the observed low-angle X-ray diffraction patterns from resting vertebrate (bony fish) and invertebrate (insect flight) muscles. We find that the interacting head motif does not, in fact, explain what is observed. Previous X-ray models fit the observations much better. We conclude that the X-ray diffraction evidence has been well interpreted in the past and that there is more than one ordered myosin head state in resting muscle. There is, therefore, no reason to question some of the previous X-ray diffraction results on myosin filaments; time-resolved X-ray diffraction should be a reliable way to follow crossbridge action in active muscle and may be one of the few ways to visualise the molecular changes in myosin heads on a millisecond timescale as force is actually produced.
Bispecific GRPR-Antagonistic Anti-PSMA/GRPR Heterodimer for PET and SPECT Diagnostic Imaging of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mitran Bogdan , Varasteh Zohreh , Abouzayed Ayman , Rinne Sara S. , Puuvuori Emmi , De Rosa Maria , Larhed Mats , Tolmachev Vladimir , Orlova Anna , Rosenström Ulrika
Published: September 2019

Simultaneous targeting of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) could improve the diagnostic accuracy in prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to develop a PSMA/GRPR-targeting bispecific heterodimer for SPECT and positron emission tomography (PET) diagnostic imaging of PCa. The heterodimer NOTA-DUPA-RM26 was produced by manual solid-phase peptide synthesis. NOTA-DUPA-RM26 was labeled with 111In and 68Ga, with yields >98%, and demonstrated a high stability and binding specificity to PSMA and GRPR. IC50 values for natIn-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 were 4 ± 1 nM towards GRPR and 824 ± 230 nM towards PSMA. An in vivo binding specificity 1 h pi of 111In-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 in PC3-PIP-xenografted mice demonstrated partially blockable tumor uptake when co-injected with an excess of PSMA- or GRPR-targeting agents. Simultaneous co-injection of both agents induced pronounced blocking. The biodistribution of 111In-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 and 68Ga-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 revealed fast activity clearance from the blood and normal organs via the kidneys. Tumor uptake exceeded normal organ uptake for both analogs 1 h pi. 68Ga-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 had a significantly lower tumor uptake (8 ± 2%ID/g) compared to 111In-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 (12 ± 2%ID/g) 1 h pi. Tumor-to-organ ratios increased 3 h pi, but decreased 24 h pi, for 111In-NOTA-DUPA-RM26. MicroPET/CT and microSPECT/CT scans confirmed biodistribution data, suggesting that 68Ga-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 and 111In-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 are suitable candidates for the imaging of GRPR and PSMA expression in PCa shortly after administration.