bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALIMENTAÇÃO E SAÚDE NOS MOSTEIROS CISTERCIENSES PORTUGUESES
Authors: Rodarte Vitória Maria
Published: December 2020

Ao longo da história a alimentação cumpre diversos papéis, mas ao analisarmos mais detidamente a influência cristã nos hábitos alimentares, é possível verificar que os alimentos, para além das condições básicas de sobrevivência, eram utilizados para o reestabelecimento da saúde de enfermos, sobretudo nas casas monásticas da Baixa Idade Média e, após o IV Concílio de Latrão, pela crença da transubstanciação que transformava simbolicamente pão e vinho, em corpo e sangue de Cristo, para cura espiritual. Neste trabalho, interessa-nos interrogar a importância da alimentação dentro de um conjunto de prescrições para o cuidado do corpo e da alma, analisando os motivos que levaram esse aspecto estar escrito em importantes obras da Ordem Cisterciense, traduzidas e difundidas no mosteiro português de Alcobaça.
ALMOÇANDO ENTRE OS ROMEIROS DE PADRE CÍCERO: MEMÓRIAS DO ESCULTOR AGOSTINHO BALMES ODÍSIO SOBRE PRÁTICAS ALIMENTARES NO INTERIOR DO CEARÁ (1934-1935)
Authors: Silva Amanda Teixeira da
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo pretende discutir os hábitos alimentares da população juazeirense e dos romeiros que visitaram a cidade entre 1934 e 1935, tomando como fonte o caderno de memórias do escultor italiano Agostinho Balmes Odísio, que viveu na cidade entre 1935 e 1940. Odísio procurou descrever, em seu manuscrito, o cotidiano de Juazeiro, dando grande destaque aos alimentos mais vendidos e consumidos na cidade e discorrendo, ainda, sobre o modo de preparo dos pratos que eram servidos nas pensões de romeiros e nas cozinhas ambulantes. Pretende-se, aqui, debater o olhar estrangeiro sobre a cozinha sertaneja, ao mesmo tempo em que se percebe a construção de hierarquias sociais a partir dos modos de preparar, servir e consumir alimentos.
Wie zijn er nu toleranter? De perceptie van imperatieven in het Pools en het Nederlands in een informele context
Authors: Wiercińska Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

This contribution focuses on the perception of the imperative forms in spontaneous informal conversations among native speakers of Polish and Dutch, and reports on a pilot survey of standards of politeness. Since imperatives in Polish and Dutch are used qualitatively and quantitatively in a different way, we can assume that their perception is also different for native speakers of both languages. Using a survey consisting of, among other things, an assessment task, an attempt was made to investigate how polite the respondents think the imperative forms are, and how their assessment is influenced by the context of the utterance.
Governance in Imperial County and Mexicali at the U.S.–Mexico Border during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Collins Kimberly
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the lives of those living in the United States–Mexico border. From the Imperial Valley–Mexicali region, along the California– Baja California border, we find two interesting cases in public management that were impacted by the border population—medical care and informal importation of consumer goods. A lack of federal policy and guidance to improve the quality of life for people in the region leads us to rethink the role of governments and governance in the border region.
Northern Ireland: Managing COVID-19 Across Open Borders
Authors: Hayward Katy
Published: December 2020

The early response to the coronavirus pandemic in Northern Ireland revealed three things. First, although part of the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland is integrally connected in very practical ways to the Republic of Ireland. Policies and practices regarding COVID-19 on the southern side of the Irish land border had a direct impact on those being formulated for the North. Secondly, as well as differences in scientific advice and political preferences in the bordering jurisdictions, a coherent policy response was delayed by leaders’ failures to communicate in a timely manner with counterparts on the other side of the border. And, thirdly, different policies on either side of an open border can fuel profound uncertainty in a borderland region; but this can give rise to community-level action that fills the gaps in ways that can actually better respond to the complexity of the situation. This essay draws on the author’s close observation of events as they happened, including news coverage, press conferences and public statements from the three governments concerned over the period of March-October 2020.
The Mexico–Guatemala Border During COVID-19: From Open Border to New Assemblage?
Authors: Kauffer Edith
Published: December 2020

The dynamics at the Mexican–Guatemalan border drastically changed from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper deals with these transformations and tries to evidence a new assemblage that has resulted. The rationale that prevailed until the beginning of 2020 between Mexico and Guatemala was a south-north selective open border derived from migratory controls applied to travelers according to their citizenship and their US or Canadian migratory status. From March until October, 2020 the pandemic gave birth to a new north-south rationale organized around a selective closure: the Guatemalan border was totally closed except to Guatemalans that were allowed to return to their country. On the Mexican side, communitarian, municipal, and local boundaries were established to curb the spread of COVID-19.
Análisis de la amenaza por movimientos en masa detonados por sismo en los Andes colombianos, caso de estudio: Barbosa (Antioquia)
Authors: Aristizábal Giraldo Edier Vicente , Gómez Cardona Federico José , García Aristizábal Edwin Fabián , Guzmán Martínez Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

Los sismos constituyen uno de los mayores detonantes de movimientos en masa en el mundo. Diversas metodologías han sido desarrolladas para predecir y evaluar estos fenómenos desde enfoques estadísticos, físicos o combinación de ambos. En el presente estudio se analiza la amenaza por movimientos en masa detonados por sismos en el municipio de Barbosa, ubicado en los Andes colombianos, a través de los dos métodos más implementados: el análisis seudoestático y el método de Newmark, debido a su fácil uso, larga trayectoria y aceptación investigativa en los análisis de equilibrio límite. Los resultados permiten entender la respuesta geomecánica del subsuelo ante sismos en condiciones tanto saturadas como secas. El caso de estudio presentado señala un gran potencial de las metodologías mencionadas como herramientas de análisis de la amenaza de movimientos en masa detonados por sismos en zonas montañosas. Como se ha presentado en diferentes estudios, el porcentaje de áreas inestables se encuentra directamente relacionado con el grado de saturación del terreno y la pendiente. Para el municipio de Barbosa, y utilizando el méto- do de Newmark, el área inestable alcanza el 59% del municipio en condiciones saturadas y 17% en  condiciones secas; mientras que utilizando el método seudoestático representan el 22% y 8% del municipio, respectivamente.
Heat shock protein 90α inhibitor, PU-H71 in combination with DHEA promoting apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231
Authors: Soudan Hadeer , Saeed Hesham , Eldemellawy Maha , Shalaby Manal , Hassan Mostafa , Elkewedi Mohamed , El-Nikhely Nefertiti
Published: December 2020

Due to the lack of markers (ER, PR, and HER-2/Neu) for the molecular-targeted therapies triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more challenging than other subtypes of breast cancer. Moreover, the conventional chemotherapeutic agents are still the mainstay of most therapeutic protocols and eventually turn into a refractory drug-resistance , hence, more efficient therapeutic regimens are urgently required. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of PU-H71 combined with DHEA on triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and to assess the synergy using the Chou-Talalay method. The combined therapy controlled the expression of an array of antioxidants and metabolizing enzymes, leading to the induction of oxidative stress which in turn induced apoptotic cell death. Our results indicated that the combined treatment with PU-H71 and DHEA exerts a synergistic anti-tumor effect on MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cell line.
Kâdî Abdülcebbâr’ın Yükselişi ve Düşüşü
Authors: KARAHÜSEYİN Samet
Published: December 2020

Öz İslâm düşüncesini incelerken bazı yapısal zorluklara okuma ve anlamlandırma biçimlerindeki bozukluklar da eklenebilir. Düşünceyi meydana gelip geliştiği doğasından kopuk ele almak ne kadar eksikse, aniden ölüp yok olan bir nesne gibi algılamak da o denli yanlıştır. Düşüncenin tarihini sadece bir ekol veya şahsın etrafında düşünmek ne kadar yanlıysa, sadece bir devlete veya hanedana ithaf etmek de o derecede yanıltıcıdır. Siyasî tarihin başarılarını düşüncenin tarihine yormak ne kadar bütünlükten uzak bir bakış açısıysa, siyasî tarihin başarısızlıklarından ötürü düşünceyi mahkûm etmek de o kadar sorgulanmaya açıktır. Bu yaklaşımlar ışığında ele alınan Kâdî Abdülcebbâr, Mu‘tezilî düşüncenin en önemli temsilcilerindendir. Kendisi Büveyhîlerin sarayında etkin görevlerde bulunduğu gibi ekolünün düşünsel serüveninde başat isimler-dendir. Bu makale, kendisinin görüşlerini yansıtan eserlerini yazdığı serencamı siyasî ilişkiler üzerinden aydın-latmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu vesileyle hem Kâdî Abdülcebbâr hem de Mu‘tezile kelâm düşüncesi üzerindeki bazı soru işaretleri giderilmeye çalışılmıştır. Böylelikle Kâdî Abdülcebbâr üzerinden oluşan fikirler dünyasına farklı perspektifler sunulabilecektir.
MicroRNAs Expression Induces Apoptosis of Macrophages in Response to Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER): An In-Vitro and In-Vivo Study
Authors: GHOLAMREZAEI Mostafa , ROUHANI Soheila , MOHEBALI Mehdi , MOHAMMADI-YEGANEH Samira , HAJI MOLLA HOSEINI Mostafa , HAGHIGHI Ali , LASJERDI Zohreh , HAMIDI Faezeh , KAZEM SHARIFI-YAZDI Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of miR-15a mimic and inhibitor of miR-155 expression on apoptosis induction in macrophages infected with Iranian strain of Leishmania major in-vitro and in-vivo.
Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were infected with L. major promastigotes (MRHO/IR/75/ER), and then were treated with miRNAs. For in-vivo experiment, BALB/c mice were inoculated with L. major promastigotes, and then they were treated with miRNAs. For evaluation of miRNA therapeutic effect, in-vitro and in-vivo studies were performed using quantitative Real-time PCR, Flow cytometry, lesion size measurement, and Limiting Dilution Assay (LDA). This study was performed in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2019.
Results: In-vitro results of flow cytometry showed that using miR-15a mimic, miR-155 inhibitor or both of them increased apoptosis of macrophages. In in-vivo, size of lesion increased during experiment in control groups (P<0.05) while application of both miR-155 inhibitor and miR-15a mimic inhibited the increase in the size of lesions within 6 wk of experiment (P=0.85). LDA results showed that microRNA therapy could significantly decrease parasite load in mimic or inhibitor receiving groups compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: miR-155 inhibitor and miR-15a mimic in L. major infected macrophages can induce apoptosis and reduce parasite burden. Therefore, miRNA-based therapy can be proposed as new treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Situation of Asymptomatic Malaria among Iranian Native and Af-ghan and Pakistani Immigrants in a Malarious Area under the Na-tional Malaria Elimination Program of Iran
Authors: ASKARI Setareh , NATEGHPOUR Mehdi , MOTEVALLI HAGHI Afsaneh , FARIVAR Leila , RAEISI Ahmad , MOHEBALI Mehdi
Published: December 2020

Background: This study was designed to detect, if there are asymptomatic malaria infections amongst native and immigrant population from Afghanistan and Pakistan countries in Sistan & Baluchistan Province of Iran, where is under the national malaria elimination program.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among native individuals and resident immigrants in the southeastern province of Sistan & Baluchistan from May 2016 to Jul 2017. A total of 271 individuals were considered in this cross- sectional study based on microscopical method, Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) and PCR techniques. Out of 271 native and immigrant participants 140 (52%) and 131 (48%) were male and female, respectively.
Results: None of the prepared samples was diagnosed as malaria positive case when was considered via above mentioned three techniques.
Conclusion: Neither native nor immigrant individuals had asymptomatic malaria, hinting that national malaria elimination program is performed according to planned schedule in the studied areas
Fe3O4@Bio-MOF Nanoparticles Combined with Artemisinin, Glucantime®, or Shark Cartilage Extract on Iranian Strain of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER): An In-Vitro and In-Vivo Study
Authors: GHAFARIFAR Fatemeh‌‌‌‌ , MOLAIE Soheila , ABAZARI Reza , HASAN Zoheir- Mohammad , FOROUTAN Masoud
Published: December 2020

Background: In the present study, we examined the effects of Fe3O4@bio-MOF nanoparticle (Nano-FO) plus artemisinin (Art) and glucantime (Glu) or shark cartilage extract (ShCE) on Leishmania major in vitro and in vivo. 
Methods: This experimental study was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran during 2016-2017. The promastigote and amastigote assays were performed were conducted at the presence of 3.12- 400 µg/mL of the drug combinations. According to in vitro IC50 results, the combinations of 12.5µg/mL Nano-FO with 25 µg/mL Art as well as 200 µg/mL Glu and 0.5 mL of 20 mg/kg of ShCE were used to treat BALB/c mice. During and at the end of the treatment, the lesion sizes were measured. Parasite loads, cytokine levels were evaluated at the end of the treatment.
Results: The IC50 of Fe3O4@bio-MOF-Artemisinin (Nano-FO/Art), Fe3O4@bio-MOF-Glucantime (Nano-FO/Glu), and Fe3O4@bio-MOF-Shark cartilage extract (Nano-FO/ShCE) on promasitigotes were 12.58±0.12, 235±0.17, and 18.54±0.15, respectively. These results on amastigotes were 10.32±0.01, 187±0.03, and 338±0.07 µg/mL, respectively. The apoptosis percentage of these combinations were 32.54%, 20.59%, and 15.68% in promastigotes and 15.68%, 12.84%, and 3.51% in infected macrophages, respectively with no toxicity on uninfected macrophages. In vivo results showed that the size of lesions significantly decreased against all drugs combinations, but Nano-FO/Art combination with Selectivity Index of 23.62 value was safe, and more effective on healing of lesions than other drugs combinations (P=0.003).
Conclusion: This study suggested that Nano-FO/Art combination can be considered as an anti-leishmania combination therapy in CL induced by L. major.
Expression of Mir-21 and Mir-103a in Toxocara canis: Potential for Diagnosis of Human Toxocariasis
Authors: RAISSI Vahid , MOHEBALI Mehdi , KIA Eshrat Bigom , RAHIMI FOROUSHANI Abbas , SOHRABI Nasrin , ROKNI Mohammad Bagher , ZIBAEI Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Background: Toxocariasis is one of the most neglected zoonotic diseases, predominantly caused by Toxocara canis. We aimed to evaluate the expression of microRNAs 21 and 103a in seropositive individuals for human toxocariasis as diagnostic biomarkers.
Methods: This study was conducted on 324 individuals for ELISA test on toxocariasis in Tehran and Karaj, Iran 2019. Then positive samples for anti-Toxocara IgG were obtained to quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays to investigate the transcriptional profiles of miRNAs predicted to be involved in developmental and reproductive processes. qPCR was employed to assess levels of transcription for miRNAs of 103a and 21 in plasma samples.
Results: After the experiments, the results were evaluated by REST software, Livak formula and quantitative t-test. The analyzes performed on human samples showed that in the case group compared to the control group, only in Tc-miR-21 gene, a 0.3-fold increase in expression was obtained with REST software (Fold change ≤ 1.5, P>0.05), which was statistically significant by t-test (P<0.05).
Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate miR-21 and miR-103a in toxocariasis, which shed light on the fundamental role of it as a biomarker and diagnostic tool. However, due to the changes in expression of these miRNAs were not vast to be used as biomarkers in diagnosis. Despite of that the changes in the expression of these miRNAs were not vast but they could serve as novel promising biomarkers for diagnosis of toxocariasis.
Serum Tyrosine Level in Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis
Authors: ASGARI Qasem , MOUSAEI SISAKHT Mina , NADERI SHAHABADI Shahrbanoo , KARAMI Forough , OMIDIAN Mostafa
Published: December 2020

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. This global infectious disease has been associated with behavioral changes in rodents and can result in humans' neuropsychiatric symptoms. Since the neurotransmitters alteration can cause a behavioral change, in this study, tyrosine level, as a precursor of dopamine, was evaluated in acute murine toxoplasmosis during 2015 and 2016 in Shiraz, Iran.
Methods: At the first, 105 tachyzoites of T. gondii were subcutaneously inoculated to 50 BALB/c mice as experimental groups and 10 mice inoculated by PBS considered as the control group. After that, daily, one group of mice was bled, and sera were collected. Then, their serum tyrosine level was evaluated by HPLC method.
Results: After data analysis, the maximum mean serum tyrosine level was seen at 2th day of post parasite inoculation (0.0194 mg/ ml), with a significant difference compared to the control group (0.0117 mg/ ml, P=0.025). Moreover, the least quantity of serum tyrosine (0.076 mg/ml) was seen on the 5th day, after parasite inoculation, however, no significant difference was seen.
Conclusion: Serum tyrosine level increased in 2 d after inoculation of Toxoplasma, but the level regularly decreased in successive days. Tyrosine level increased by phenylalanine hydroxylase 2 days after inoculation, then tyrosine decreased by tyrosine hydroxylase in the next days. Toxoplasma tyrosine hydroxylase enzymes, at primary days of toxoplasmosis, effect on tyrosine production, and after that, the most effect on tyrosine consumption.
The Oral Parasitic Microbiome in Hepatitis B Virus Infected Su-danese Patients with Gum Disease
Authors: TAMOMH Abdelhakam G. , SULIMAN Mohammed A. , YOUSIF Sabah R. , LIU Hui
Published: December 2020

Background: We aimed to evaluate a potential link between colonization of gingival crevices by the Entamoeba gingivalis as oral parasite microbiome and Hepatitis B infection among gum disease Sudanese patients.
Methods: This study was conducted on 448 gum disease patients attending to Dental Clinic of Kosti Teaching Hospital, Kosti, Sudan in 2017-2018. Oral symptoms were registered in 336 patients at different stages of the HBV infection and in 112 HBV seronegative gum disease control. All participants were screened for HBV using ELISA test. Unstimulated whole saliva and gingival scraping were obtained and analyzed for the presence of the amoeba using a parasitological technique.
Results: Statistically highly significant correlation was found between the detection of the E. gingivalis in Saliva/gingival scraping and gum illness disease with HBV-infected patients than healthy control group (P<0.05). There was high association between the occurrence of the amoeba among the two groups and smoking, snuffing habitats (P<0.05), inversely, no association with the oral personal hygiene.
Conclusion: The presence of the amoeba was not related to the degree of gum diseases only, but to the HBV infection diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study of E. gingivalis in association with HBV infection among gum disease Sudanese patients; maybe predict the role of oral parasitic microbiome in the status of gum disease in HBV infection.
Neglected Tropical Diseases in Pakistan: A Story of Neglect
Authors: KHAN Aisha , TARIQ Mehreen , SIMSEK Sami , AFZAL Muhammad Sohail , FASIHI HARANDI Majid , ALI Shahzad , SHABBIR Rana Muhammad Kamran , AHMED Haroon
Published: December 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Association Between Circadian Rhythm with Resting Metabolic Rate in Overweight\Obese Women
Authors: Badrooj Negin , Keshavarz Seyed Ali , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: December 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between circadian rhythm with resting metabolic rate (RMR) in overweight\obese women
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 232 obese and overweight women. Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to assess the level of circadian rhythm. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry after a 10-12 hour overnight fasting period by a trained nutritionist. We assessed body composition using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA).
Results: The percentage of overweight and obese women were 48.7% (113) and 51.3% (119), respectively. The number of participants who were morningness, intermediate and eveningness was 28(12.1%),                           135(58.2%) and 69(29.7%) respectively. A significant relationship was found between MEQ and RMR.normal (p=0.011). According to linear regression model non-eveningness participants had 81.92 higher RMR compared to eveningness participants (p=0.027).
Conclusion: We found that non-eveningness participants had higher RMR compared to eveningness participants that can lead to obesity, diabetes type2 and other health disorders.
Competing Risk Analysis of the Health Status of Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Ayele Zenaw , Tadesse Mekonnen , Tazu Zelalem
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is not only the most common respiratory disorder in premature infants but also the main cause of neonatal mortality.
Methods: Competing risk framework was used to examine and identify potential prognostic factors of the health status of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Preterm infants with RDS admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of selected hospitals in Ethiopia were followed for 28 days and only neonates with complete cases were included in the analysis. The Fine-Gray or sub-distribution hazard model was used to identify significant prognostic factors. Three outcome variables (death due to RDS, death due to other causes and discharged alive) were considered.
Results: The Fine-Gray model fit results revealed that anemia, multiple pregnancies, birth-weight and gestational age were the prognostic factors significantly associated with the death of neonates due to Respiratory distress syndrome problem while Pneumonia, meningitis, anemia and gestational age of neonates were the significant prognostic factors for death of neonates due to other causes. Moreover, pneumonia, birth weight and gestational age were identified as the prognostic factors associated with neonates being discharged alive.
Conclusion: Offering intensive and adequate treatments for neonates with lowest birth-weights and gestational age may be useful to reduce neonatal mortality and increase the incidence of being discharged alive.
Erythropoietin in COVID-19-Induced Neuroinflammation; EPO Plus Losartan Might be Promising
Authors: Nejat Reza , Shahir Sadr Ahmad , Najafi David
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Neuroinflammation is the inflammatory reaction in the central nervous system (CNS) provoked by diverse insults. This phenomenon results in a cascade of release of inflammatory mediators and intracellular messengers such as reactive oxygen species. The elicited responses are the cause of many neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been considered effective in attenuating this inflammatory process in the CNS, yet its administration in COVID-19 needs meticulously designed studies.
Discussion: Neuroinflammation in COVID-19 due to probable contribution of renin-angiotensin system dysregulation resulting in surplus of Ang II and owing to the synergistic interaction between this octapeptide and EPO needs special consideration. Both of these compounds increase intracellular Ca2+ which may induce release of cytokine and inflammatory mediators leading to aggravation of neuroinflammation. In addition, Ang II elevates HIF even in normoxia which by itself increases EPO. It is implicated that EPO and HIF may likely increase in patients with COVID-19 which makes administration of EPO to these patients hazardous. Furthermore, papain-like protease of SARS-CoV2 as a deubiquitinase may also increase HIF.
Conclusion: It is hypothesized that administration of EPO to patients with COVID-19-induced neuroinflammation may not be safe and in case EPO is needed for any reason in this disease adding of losartan may block AT1R-mediated post-receptor harmful effects of Ang II in synergism with EPO. Inhibition of papain-like protease might additionally decrease HIF in this disease. More in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies are needed to validate these hypotheses.
Examining the Effect of Executing the Health Reform Plan on the Share of Insurances, Franchise, and Health Subsidies in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd in 2013-2016
Authors: Motalehi Ahmad Reza , Roshanian Elham , Vafaeinasab Mohammad Reza , Saffari Masoud
Published: December 2020

Background: The Health Reform Plan was begun in 2014 as one of the most significant programs of the Ministry of Health to reduce hospitalization and out-of-pocket costs paid by people. Hence, we consider examining the economic consequences of this plan as one of the research priorities in this field. This study aimed to examine the effect of implementing the Health Reform Plan on the share of basic, supplementary insurances, franchise, and health subsidies from medical expenses in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd in 2013-2016.
Methods: This study is a descriptive study conducted in a quantitative and cross-sectional method. The study population included patients' bills in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. All patient's hospitalization files were examined by the census method. Information was extracted from financial documents and data in the hospital's HIS system. We referred to the basic and supplementary insurance organizations of the province to complete the data. Descriptive statistics and were used to analyze the obtained data by using SPSS16 Software.
Results: Generally, it was specified that the share of basic and supplementary insurances had not changed considerably due to the doubling of the whole costs of patients 'files, and basic insurances will pay on average 76 % of patients' costs. But, the patient's share of out-of-pocket payments has declined from 21 % to 11 %, which the Ministry of Health and Medical Education will pay this 10 percentage through the health subsidy to the affiliated centers.
Conclusion: This study's results explained an increase in patient's health costs and a decrease in patient's out-of-pocket costs. Consequently, it is required to pay attention to methods to increase medical centers' efficiency to reduce health costs. Furthermore, large-scale/macro programs should be designed and implemented at the national level to reduce patient's out-of-pocket payments.
Survival Rate of Patients with Acute Leukemia: A Case Study in Iran
Authors: Ranjbar Mohammad , Barouni Mohsen , Moazed Vahid , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Sheikholeslami Shiva
Published: December 2020

Background: Acute leukemia is a kind of aggressive disease that includes high rates of fatalities in the world, in particular in Iran. This research was done to determine the survival rate of patients with acute leukemia in Iran.
Methods: 85 adult patients who were first diagnosed with acute leukemia in Shahid Bahonar hospital of Kerman during March 2012 until March 2013 were evaluated in a retrospective descriptive study to measure the death/life status in a 5-year period (2012-2017). The required data was gathered from medical records of patients, HIS system data, and the cancer registry system, and the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Log Rank test were used to calculate the survival rate using SPSS23.
Results: Survival rate was completely 45.9 % for patients with acute adult leukemia. It was 47.08 % in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and it was 43.06 % in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The 1,2,3,4 and 5-year survival of acute leukemia was respectively 87.1 %, 69.4 %, 62.4 %, 56.5 % and 45.9 %.
Conclusion: Iran's health system should design and plan to increase the survival of patients with acute leukemia by improving the methods and facilities to diagnose and treat it more quickly and more effectively.
Survey of the Impact of Myocardial Infarction on Patients’ Quality of Life: A Single-Centre Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jalilian Habib , Imani Ali , Mir Habibeh , Javanshir Elnaz , Mamene Mehdi , Heydari Somayeh
Published: December 2020

Background: A heart attack is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, affecting different dimensions of the patients’ quality of life due to the disease’s disabling and limiting nature. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of myocardial infarction on patients’ quality of life referring to the Shahid Madani Medical & Training Hospital, in East Azerbaijan Province in 2017, in Iran.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 220 patients with a heart attack were selected in this study. Sampling was conducted using the systematic random method. Data were collected using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean) and statistical analyses (Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation, and Generalized Linear Models Regression) were performed at a significance level of P-value < 0.05 using SPSS22.
Results: In this study, the mean score of the total effect of a heart attack on the patients’ quality of life was 30.09 ± 17.73. The mean score of the effect of a heart attack on the patient’s quality of life in the physical, emotional, and general subscales was 34.85 ± 24.24, 26.63 ± 27.73, and 27.51 ± 17.83, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between education status (P-value = 0.006), income status (P- value = 0.000), and the mean score of the effect of a heart attack on the patient’s quality of life; also a positive and significant correlation was found between age (CC = 0.135, P-value = 0.046), the number of hospitalization (CC = 0.187, P-value = 0.006) and the mean score of the effect of a heart attack on the patient’s quality of life.
Conclusion: A heart attack has a considerable impact on the patients’ quality of life, particularly on the physical dimension. Hence, health professionals should pay more attention to these vulnerable groups and offer rehabilitation services suitable to these groups to reduce the impact of the disease.
Nursing Leadership Models in Promoting and Improving Patient’s Safety Culture in Healthcare Facilities; A Systematic Review
Authors: Yodang Yodang , Nuridah Nuridah
Published: December 2020

Background: Nurse leader has an important role in encouraging patient’s safety culture among nurses in the healthcare system. This literature review aims to identify the nursing leadership model and to promote and improve patient safety culture to improve patient outcomes in health care facilities including hospitals, primary health care, and nursing home settings.
Methods: Searching appropriate journals through some journal databases were applied including DOAJ, GARUDA, Google Scholar, MDPI, Proquest, Pubmed, Sage Journals, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library, which were published from 2015 to 2020.
Results: Fourteen articles meet the criteria and are included in this review. The majority of these articles were retrieved from western countries, the US, Canada, and Finland. This review identifies three nursing leadership models that seem useful to promote and improve patient safety culture in health care facilities which are transformational, authentic, and ethical leadership models.
Conclusion: The patient safety influences health care outcomes. The evidence shows the leadership has positive relation to patient satisfaction and patient safety outcomes improvement. The transformational, authentic, and ethical leadership models seem to be more useful in promoting, maintaining, and improving patient safety culture in health care facilities.
The Impact of an Online Cultural Simulation Activity on the Development of Speech Pathology Students’ Cultural Empathy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hewat Sally , Walters Joanne , Lee Monica
Published: December 2020

Despite the cultural and linguistic diversity of the Australian population, research suggests that speech pathologists do not feel confident when providing services to Cultural and Linguistic Diversity (CALD) clients and would benefit from further education and training in this area. Cultural empathy has been described as a precursor to cultural competence and previous research has demonstrated the positive impact on nursing students’ cultural empathy toward CALD clients following an interactive cultural simulation experience. This study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of an online cultural simulation activity in developing the cultural empathy of speech pathology students. Students completed an online cultural simulation in their own time, followed by a tutorial debrief. Both the simulation and debrief were considered to comprise the ‘simulation activity’; which was a component of a first-year introduction to clinical practice course. Participants completed a pre-survey and post-survey, containing the Comprehensive Empathy Scale (CES) and demographic questions. Results were analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and a Paired Sample t-test, and a power analysis was conducted to direct future studies. Ten students participated and improved an average of 11.3 on the CES (p=0.14). A power analysis revealed that a minimum of 45 participants would be needed in future studies to observe any statistically significant results. The online application of the cultural simulation activity was feasible, and results indicate an improvement in cultural empathy, although the improvement did not reach statistical significance. Implications for future studies are discussed.
Supporting Newly Qualified Diagnostic Radiographers: Are We Getting It Right?
Authors: Harvey-Lloyd Jane , Jane Morris
Published: December 2020

The NHS is facing a rising demand in services and consequently, newly qualified practitioners are required to possess a much wider set of skills than ever before. In diagnostic radiography, this pressure is underpinned by the expanding role that diagnostic imaging now plays in many patient pathways. Despite the need for structured support for graduates which has been acknowledged by a range of studies and the introduction of the Preceptorship Framework for Newly Registered Nurses, Midwives and Allied Health Professionals (Department of Health, (DoH), 2010) the uptake in radiography is limited. A longitudinal study employed an interpretive phenomenological methodology collating data from nine participants during their first year as band five radiographers. Each participant was interviewed at three, six and twelve months. Six main themes were identified during a wider PhD study Being and Becoming a Diagnostic Radiographer (Harvey-Lloyd, 2018). This article explores one of the key sub themes ‘structured support’ which strongly featured in the three- and six-month interviews. Two of the nine participants received a structured support programme during their first 12 months of transition as newly qualified radiographers. These programmes focussed on the completion of tasks and were mechanistic in approach. This type of support ignores the process of transformation into the role of a diagnostic radiographer and fails to adequately support those from Generation Z. A model of preceptorship is proposed which combines skills and competence development, supporting transition and personal and professional development; thus, providing the newly qualified radiographers with a holistic range of support.
A JUDICIAL AND ART EXAMINATION IN THE INVESTIGATION OF MANUFACTURE AND CIRCULATION OF FILES OR ITEMS WITH PORNOGRAPHIC IMAGES OF UNDERAGE PERSONS
Authors:   Head of the Department of Forensic Examinations and Criminal Intelligence and Surveillance Operations of the Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Ilyin Nikolay N.
Published: December 2020

The article considers theoretical and practical issues of using the results of forensic and art analysis in the investigation of the production and circulation of materials or objects with pornographic images of minors, as well as their dissemination using the media, including on the Internet. On the basis of expert, investigative and judicial practice, the possibilities of art-based expertise in the examination of images of minors in which there are signs of pornographic information are presented. It is noted that such expertise can be comprehensive when specialized knowledge from other areas is required to address some issues.
ARREST, EXAMINATION AND SEIZURE OF ELECTRONIC MESSAGES
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminalistics Associate Professor of the Department of Information Law of the Ural State Law University (USLU) PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Sokolov Yuriy N.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the existing contradictions and gaps in the current criminal procedure law related to the receipt by the subjects of proof of electronic messages transmitted and accumulated by Telecom operators in the framework of the “Yarovaya package” in order to ensure national and information security of Russia. The publication analyzes the reasons for the lack of detailed legal regulation of the collection and consolidation of electronic messages in criminal proceedings. The points of view of individual researchers in this area to address the existing gaps in the investigation, some of them in a critical aspect. Justified proposals on amendments and additions to the existing investigation with the aim of forming evidence-based electronic information received by the constituent entities of proof of the unified telecommunication network of the Russian Federation, means of the accumulation and outside of them.
THE ESTABLISHMENT, MODERN STATUS AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN JUDGES AND EXPERTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Junior Scientific Assistant of the Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Police Lieutenant, Salganskiy Nikita E.
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the problem of international forensic science cooperation of the Russian Federation. The paper reflects the main milestones in the history of interaction between domestic and foreign forensic experts, on the basis of their analysis, the trends of further development of cooperation in this area are determined.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES IN THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law, Judicial Administration of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Professor, Fedorov Aleksandr V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the issues of criminal liability of legal entities in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), established by the Criminal Code of SRV 2015, which entered into force on January 1, 2018.It is noted that not any legal entities can be prosecuted in Vietnam, but only those of them, which are recognized as commercial (corporate) legal entities. The Criminal Code of Vietnam defines a crime of a commercial legal entity as an act dangerous to society and provided for by the criminal code, committed intentionally or unintentionally by a commercial legal entity, infringing on relations protected by the criminal code. Thus, a commercial legal entity is recognized as the subject of a crime. It is pointed out that in Vietnam there is a so-called “secondary” or “selective” criminalization, when acts recognized as crimes are determined in the national law, and then from the existing list of crimes those for which legal entities may be criminalized are determined. In total, at present, such responsibility is provided for crimes provided for by 33 articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Vietnam. A commercial legal entity bears criminal responsibility in cases when: the crime is committed on behalf of a commercial legal entity; the crime was committed in the interests of a commercial legal entity; the crime was committed at the direction of the body (administration) of a commercial legal entity or in accordance with its decision. Penalties applied to commercial legal entities are given, and a brief description of some of them is given.
THE INTRODUCTION OF A CRIMINAL PROCEDURE INSTITUTION OF JUDICIAL INVESTIGATOR: HISTORY AND THE MODERN TIMES
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil and Legal Disciplines of the Russian State Social University PhD (Law), Zhesterov Pavel V.
Published: December 2020

The author rethinks the role of criminal repression in regulating public relations. Turning to the topic of the re-establishment of the institution of an investigating judge in our country, the author urges not to idealize the historical experience of the genesis of this criminal procedure institute, but encourages further discussion not only among representatives of civil society, but also the scientific community. Conclusions. The results of the study support legislative initiatives in the field of criminal procedure. The author indicates promising directions for further scientific research.
A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAWS OF RUSSIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AIMED AT THE SEARCH FOR A WAY TO IMPROVE THE INSTITUTION OF SUSPICION
Authors:   Lecturer of the Department of Criminal Procedure of the Saint-Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, Polikarpova Olga S.
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the article is due to the imperfection of the criminal procedure law of the Russian Federation in terms of the institution of suspicion. The author examines the distinctive features of the provisions of Russian law and the criminal procedure law of the Republic of Kazakhstan relating directly to the institution of suspicion and, in order to minimize permissible for criminal proceedings under Russian law, procedural violations, attention is drawn to the possibility of improving the reporting Institute by reforming criminal procedure law of the Russian Federation as a whole with a focus on the introduced in the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan the criminal procedural model.
Practical Issues of Collection of Tax Arrears of Organizations from Managers and Founders
Authors:   Degree-Seeking Student of the Department of Financial Law of the Russian State University of Justice (RSUJ), Kayshev Andrey E.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the judicial practice of applying civil enforcement measures in the field of tax legal relations. The controversial issues concerning the powers of tax authorities to bring claims against authorized persons of organizations who have committed tax crimes, for compensation for harm caused to public law entities as a result of non-payment of taxes to the budget by the organization or as a result of concealment of the organization’s monetary assets are considered.
Polymorphic Phase Change of Calcium Carbonate with Glutamic Acid as an Additive
Authors: POLAT Sevgi , ÖZALP Tuba , SAYAN Perviz
Published: December 2020

The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals were successfully synthesized in the presence of glutamic acid used as an additive at 30 °C and at a pH of 8.5. The synthesized product was characterized in detailed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify the structure and habit of the crystals. Moreover, the size and surface charge of the crystals were measured by particle size and zeta potential analyzer. XRD and FTIR results showed that both calcite and vaterite in forms of apparently CaCO3 crystals were obtained in the presence of 50 ppm additive concentration at t=30 min. When increasing the glutamic acid concentration in the suspension, the formed CaCO3 were only in the vaterite form. The SEM analysis results pointed out that the addition of the glutamic acid significantly changed the shape of the CaCO3. At t=30 min the resulting product sample was found to contain two types of polymorphs; larger cubic shaped calcite crystals and smaller spherical-like vaterite crystals. Further addition of high concentrations of the additive enhanced the adsorption of the glutamic acid, resulting in the smaller spherical-like ellipsoidal vaterite crystals. Investigation of the zeta potential analysis indicated that higher additive concentration (100 ppm) resulted in a positive surface charge of the crystals, whereas lower concentration (50 ppm) gave negative electrical charge. Moreover, filtration analysis pointed out that adding glutamic acid additive resulted in a less specific cake resistance value (5.01 × 1011 m/kg) than that in pure media, which was 1.03 × 1012 m/kg.
Türkiye ve Dünya Hisse Senedi Piyasaları Arasındaki Getiri ve Oynaklık Yayılımlarının Ölçülmesi: Yayılma Endeksi Yaklaşımı
Authors: Can Ergün Zeliha , Karabıyık Can
Published: December 2020

Çalışmanın amacı gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan piyasa ekonomilerinin yer aldığı 19 ülkeye ait hisse senedi endekslerinde Ocak 2000 ve Haziran 2019 dönemi arasında oynaklık ve getiri yayılmalarının incelenmesi ve bulguların Türk hisse senedi piyasası (Borsa İstanbul) özelinde yorumlanmasıdır. Çalışmada Diebold ve Yılmaz (2009) yayılma endeksi yöntemi kullanılmış ve sonuç olarak ABD ve İngiltere’nin yayılım etkisinin en yüksek olduğu ülkeler olduğu bulunmuştur. Öte yandan, Türkiye’ye gelen ve Türkiye’den diğer ülkelere giden net yayılım etkisinin diğer ülkelere kıyasla yüksek seviyelerde olmadığı görülmektedir. Türkiye’de hisse senedi piyasası getirileri ve fiyat oynaklıkları çoğunlukla kendi iç şoklarından kaynaklanmaktadır. Son olarak, finansal stresin yüksek olduğu Mortgage krizi, Lehman Brothers iflası, Brexit referandumu gibi küresel olaylarda toplam yayılımın arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hisse Senedi Piyasası, Finansal Bulaşma, Oynaklık Yayılımı, Varyans Ayrıştırması, Finansal Kriz
JEL Sınıflandırması: E44, F36, G11, G15
Tedarik Zinciri Süreçlerinin Ölçüm ve İyileştirilmesinde Bir SCOR Modeli Uygulaması
Authors: Yılmaz Cengiz , Atsan Bahadır , Sarı Tuğba
Published: December 2020

Tedarik zinciri, hammadde tedarik eden, onları ara mallara ve daha sonra nihai ürünlere dönüştüren ve ürünleri bir dağıtım sistemi aracılığıyla müşterilere teslim eden bir tesisler ağıdır. İşletmelerin yoğun rekabet ortamında, hedeflerine ulaşmaları, başarılı bir şekilde planlanıp uygulanan entegre tedarik zinciri yönetimi ile mümkündür. Tedarik zinciri operasyonlarına bir referans oluşturmak üzere Tedarik Zinciri Konseyi tarafından geliştirilen, SCOR modeli, yönetim süreçlerinin standart bir tanımını, standart süreçler arasındaki ilişkilerin bir çerçevesini, süreç performansını ölçmek için standart metrikleri, sınıfının en iyisi performans üreten yönetim uygulamalarını ve yazılım özelliklerine ve işlevlerine standart bir uyum içerir. Bu makalede bisiklet üretimi yapan bir işletmede, tedarikçi seçimini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve tedarikçi performansının değerlendirilmesi amacı ile tedarikçilerini kapsayan, ve SCOR metriklerini esas alan bir model oluşturulmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, ele alınan tedarik zincirinde, tedarikçi seçimi için en önemli faktörler sırasıyla “üründe değişim yapma esnekliği”, “teslimat süresinin azalması” ve “teslim süresi değişimine karşı esneklik” olarak sıralanabilir. Tedarikçi performansını en çok etkileyen faktörler ise, “iade ürünlerin izlenebilirliği ve “taahhüt edilen tarihe uygun sevkiyat” olarak belirlenmiştir.