bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Prototype African Swine Fever Virus DIVA (Differentiation Between Infected and Vaccinated Animals) Serological Assay Based on the Detection of Antibodies Against the pEP153R, eGFP, and p72 Proteins
Authors: González-García Gabriela , Gallardo Carmina , Montón Mercedes , Barroso-Arévalo Sandra , Casado Nadia , Barasona José Ángel , Sánchez-Vizcaíno José Manuel , Venteo Ángel , Sastre Patricia , Rueda Paloma
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: African Swine Fever (ASF) is one of the most significant infectious diseases affecting both domestic pig and wild boar populations, leading to substantial economic and biosanitary consequences. In Europe, disease management relies on stringent biosecurity measures and surveillance through diagnosis, highlighting the urgent need for an effective and safe vaccine for ASF control. In this context, the VACDIVA project has generated several promising vaccine candidates, including those with the EP153R gene deleted and replaced by the eGFP reporter gene. Methods: In this study, pEP153R and eGFP proteins were produced using recombinant technology and demonstrated their antigenicity and DIVA capability through indirect ELISA. Additionally, a prototype serological DIVA test was designed and developed. The assay is based on the detection of antibodies against both DIVA antigens and the well-established immunogenic p72 protein. Results: This preliminary DIVA diagnostic assay complements vaccine candidates based on a genotype II ASFV strain, featuring the deletion of the EP153R gene and/or the insertion of the eGFP reporter gene, exemplified by the Lv17/WB/Rie1-∆CD vaccine candidate. Conclusions: This approach could potentially improve surveillance during prospective vaccination campaigns.
A Study on the Suitability of In Situ Ocean Observing Systems Through Fixed Stations and Periodic Campaigns: The Importance of Sampling Frequency and Spatial Coverage
Authors: Vargas-Yáñez Manuel , Moreno Cristina Alonso , Fernández Enrique Ballesteros , Aguado Silvia Sánchez , Martínez M. Carmen García , Zounon Yaovi , Curtu María Toboso , Sepúlveda Araceli Martín , Romero Patricia , Moya Ruiz Francina
Published: February 2025

Monitoring the oceans and establishing a global ocean observing system is a task of paramount importance for topics as diverse as the study of climate change, the management of marine environments, and the safety of coastal areas and marine traffic. These systems must be based on long-term observations that allow the correct modeling of the behavior of the seas and the proper environmental management of them. Despite the logical present trend toward automation, in situ measurements from oceanographic vessels are still needed at present, especially when dealing with biogeochemical variables or when seeking information from the subsurface or deep layers of the sea. Long-term measurements by oceanographic vessels can be carried out at one single fixed oceanographic station with a high sampling frequency (typically once a month) or across a grid of stations. In the latter case a larger geographical area is usually covered, but the cost is a reduction of sampling frequency. The question that arises is: what objectives can be achieved, and what questions can be answered according to the sampling frequency and the spatial coverage of the monitoring program? In this work, we analyze the influence of the sampling frequency on the capacity of observing programs to capture the temporal variability of ocean variables at different time scales and to estimate average seasonal cycles and long-term trends. This analysis is conducted through the study of sea surface chlorophyll concentrations in the Western Mediterranean. The trade-off between sampling frequency and spatial coverage is addressed. For this purpose, a monitoring program in the Spanish Mediterranean waters is used as a case study. We show that monthly and fortnightly intervals are the best sampling frequencies for describing the temporal variability of ocean variables as well as their average seasonal cycles. Quarterly sampling could also be appropriate for estimating such seasonal cycles. Surprisingly, the limitations of these low frequency samplings do not arise from the high frequency variability of ocean variables but from the shape of the seasonal cycles. Both high and low frequency sampling designs could be suitable for detecting long-linear trends, depending on the variance of the noise and that of the trend. In the case of quarterly sampling, we show that some statistics improve with the length of the time series, whereas others do not. Although some results may be related to the dynamics of this region, the results are generally applicable to any other marine monitoring system.
Assessment of Environmental (Dust, Soil, and Groundwater) Impact and Remediation of Lead Smelters for Sustainable Development: A Modeling Approach
Authors: ElKashouty Mohamed , Khan Mohd Yawar Ali
Published: February 2025

Lead (Pb) poses a significant risk to human health and the environment. Global Pb production and consumption have markedly risen due to unregulated development and urbanization, Pb smelting, and Pb-acid battery processing. This study addresses the issue of elevated heavy metal concentrations in dust, soil, and groundwater in Shubra Al Khaymah due to the Awadallah Pb smelter. Pb concentration in soil and groundwater escalates in proximity to the Awadallah smelter and diminishes with distance from it—the surface soil functions as a repository for heavy metals. The concentrations of Pb (50–1500 µg/L), manganese (Mn) (1–750 µg/L), iron (Fe) (200–1250 µg/L), and boron (B) (250–1750 µg/L) in the groundwater stratum exceeded drinking and irrigation standards. A solution to the groundwater system issue is proposed by employing pumping wells adjacent to the riverbed to recover the contaminated water from the hydrogeological environment. Processing Modflow Path (PMPATH) program may delineate groundwater protection zones according to the travel time of 150 days (Zones 1 and 2) and the whole watershed source (Zone 3). An injection well was constructed to replenish excellent water quality in the groundwater aquifer in the upstream region. A 3D model of dissolved matter transport was created to examine the concentration distribution across remediation time in the contaminated region. This model demonstrates that, after 365 days of injection, the C/Co concentration ratio exceeded 70% in the downstream area, rendering it appropriate for drinking and irrigation. The alternate strategy is to encapsulate the severely contaminated zone. All measures aim to decrease the piezometric pressure in the vicinity, directing groundwater flow towards the contaminated zone, as accomplished by Processing Modflow Windows (PMWIN).
Sifat Fisiko-Kimia, Mikrobiologi dan Organoleptik Roti Tawar Sourdough Tersubstitusi dengan Tepung Umbi Kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)
Authors: Muthiah Rizki Aulia , Kumalasari Ika Dyah , Ibdal
Published: February 2025

Tepung umbi kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) mengandung serat pangan tinggi dan berpotensi menjadi substitusi tepung terigu dalam pembuatan roti tawar. Roti sourdough difermentasi secara alami tanpa tambahan starter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisiko-kimia dan organoleptik dari roti tawar sourdough tersubstitusi tepung umbi kimpul dengan perbedaan formulasi. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor, yaitu perbandingan tepung umbi kimpul: tepung terigu sebesar 0 persen:100 persen, 10 persen:90 persen, 20 persen:80 persen dan 30 persen:70 persen. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, dan karbohidrat, ukuran pori-pori, tekstur, warna, volume pengembangan, angka lempeng total (ALT), dan total kapang serta parameter organoleptik berupa penerimaan sensori atribut rasa, aroma, warna, aftertaste, dan keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan substitusi tepung umbi kimpul dalam roti tawar sourdough memberikan pengaruh nyata pada semua parameter pengujian. Makin tinggi konsentrasi tepung umbi kimpul, warna makin gelap, tekstur makin keras, meningkatkan kadar air, menurunkan kadar protein dan abu, menurunkan ukuran pori dan volume pengembangan. Total kapang dan ALT pada roti sourdough memenuhi kriteria SNI 8371:2018. Roti tawar sourdough dengan substitusi tepung umbi kimpul substitusi hingga 30 persen masih memenuhi kriteria SNI 8371:2018, namun secara penerimaan organoleptik substitusi dilakukan hingga 10 persen.
 
           “Kimpul” tuber flour which is high in dietary fibre has a potential as a substitute for wheat flour in white bread production. Sourdough bread is naturally fermented. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of sourdough bread substituted with “kimpul” tuber flour in different formulations. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor. The percentages of “kimpul” tuber flour to wheat flour are 0 percent:100 percent, 10 percent:90 percent, 20 percent:80 percent, and 30 percent:70 percent. Parameters analyzed were chemical properties, including moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, and carbohydrate content; Physical parameters were pore sizes, texture, colour, and swelling volume. The hedonic organoleptic parameters were taste, aroma, color, after-taste attributes, and overall acceptability. Higher concentration of “kimpul” tuber flour resulted in darker color, increased hardness and water content, reduced the ash and protein content, decreased the size of pores and organoleptic acceptability. The TPC and mold indicate that the sourdough was at a safe level and met the criteria of SNI 8371:2018. While kimpul tuber flour substitution up to 30% complied with SNI 8371:2018 standards, sourdough bread with up to 10% substitution showed comparable sensory acceptability to the non-substituted version.
Segmentasi Provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan Data Runtun Waktu Produksi Padi dengan Algoritma DTW dan K-Medoids Clustering
Authors: Yolanda Anne Mudya , Savira Husna
Published: February 2025

Sektor pertanian, khususnya tanaman pangan padi, memiliki peranan penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Analisis data historis produksi padi atau data runtun waktu produksi padi dapat memberikan gambaran pola produksi dan segmentasi wilayah berdasarkan karakteristik tanaman padi. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma DTW dan K-Medoids Clustering untuk melakukan segmentasi provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan data produksi padi tahun 2013-2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga cluster wilayah dengan karakteristik produksi padi yang berbeda. Setiap cluster menunjukkan pola produksi yang berbeda dengan anggota cluster lainnya, yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan jarak DTW dalam mengukur kesamaan pola produksi. Cluster 1 memiliki produksi tertinggi, diikuti oleh Cluster 2 dan Cluster 3, masing-masing terdiri dari 16, 7, dan 11 provinsi. Temuan ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan kebijakan pemerintah sesuai karakteristik masing-masing segmen. 
 
         The agricultural sector, particularly rice crops, plays a crucial role in Indonesia’s economy. Analyzing rice production historical data, or rice production time series data, can provide insights into production patterns and regional segmentation based on rice crop characteristics. This study employed the DTW algorithm and K-Medoids Clustering to segment provinces in Indonesia based on rice production data from 2013 to 2021. The results of the study indicated three clusters of regions with distinct rice production characteristics. Some regions exhibited different production patterns from other cluster members, attributed to variations in DTW distances used to measure pattern similarity. Cluster 1 had the highest production, followed by Cluster 2 and Cluster 3, with 16, 7, and 11 provinces respectively. These findings can serve as a basis for government policy development tailored to the characteristics of each segment.
Peningkatan Kinerja dan Perlakuan Risiko Rantai Pasok Beras Cadangan Pangan Pemerintah (Studi Kasus pada Perum BULOG, Kantor Wilayah Jawa Barat)
Authors: Wijaya Apip
Published: February 2025

Cadangan Beras Pemerintah (CBP) adalah stok beras yang dikuasai dan dikelola oleh pemerintah melalui mekanisme pengadaan, pengelolaan, dan distribusi kepada masyarakat. Sifat beras yang mudah  rusak, musiman, dan rentan terhadap ketidakpastian, diperlukan suatu sistem manajemen rantai pasokan  yang kuat mulai dari tingkat produksi hingga konsumen akhir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis rantai pasok, kinerja dan risiko rantai pasok beras CBP. Berdasarkan metode SCOR dan AHP, nilai  kinerja pemasok beras CBP adalah sebesar 65,397 (rata-rata), BULOG sebesar 91,485 (sangat baik) dan  penyalur sebesar 71,279 (cukup baik). Metrik kinerja rantai pasok yang memiliki skor di bawah 50 persen  perlu dilakukan perbaikan secara komprehensif. Hasil analisis metode failure modes and effect analysis dan  diagram pareto menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa modus kegagalan potensial di tingkat pemasok dan BULOG yang memerlukan prioritas perlakuan risiko. Sementara di tingkat penyalur, tidak ditemukan modus kegagalan potensial yang memerlukan prioritas perlakuan risiko karena memiliki tingkat risiko rendah.  Namun demikian, perlu terus dilakukan pengawasan agar tingkat risiko dapat dikendalikan.
 
      Government Rice Reserves are rice stocks controlled and managed by the government through procurement, management, and distribution mechanisms to the public. Due to its perishable nature, seasonality, and vulnerability to uncertainty, a strong supply chain management system is required from production to the end consumer. This study analyses the CBP rice supply chain, performance, and risks. Based on the SCOR and AHP methods, the performance score of CBP rice suppliers is 65.397 (average), BULOG is 91.485 (excellent), and distributors are 71.279 (good). Supply chain performance metrics scoring below 50 percent need comprehensive improvement. The results showed that several potential failure modes at the supplier and BULOG levels require priority mitigation. Meanwhile, no potential failure modes require priority mitigation at the distributor level due to the low-risk level. However, continuous monitoring is necessary to keep the risk levels under control.
Efectos de la estrategia de cloración de agua en la calidad de vida
Authors: Huacani Sucasaca Yudy , De la Cruz Huanca Nelly Raquel , Gutiérrez Mayta David Juan , Quispe Tito Gustavo Vladymir
Published: February 2025

El acceso al agua es una necesidad primaria, pero persisten brechas en el acceso a fuentes de calidad. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la estrategia de cloración de agua en la calidad de vida. Materiales y métodos. La metodología empleada en esta investigación se basa en un enfoque analítico y deductivo, utilizando un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal. Se llevó a cabo una investigación aplicada con una población de 300 usuarios de agua potable en la localidad de Macusani, seleccionando una muestra aleatoria simple de 73 usuarios. La confiabilidad del instrumento de recolección de datos, una encuesta, fue evaluada mediante el coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach, obteniendo un valor de 0.893, lo que indica una alta confiabilidad. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos a través de la prueba de Chi Cuadrado, con un nivel de significancia del 1%, demuestran que la estrategia de cloración del agua tiene efectos directos en la calidad de vida. Específicamente, se observa que el valor x2 Crítico > x2 Tablas, lo que confirma que la cloración impacta tanto en la calidad de vida objetiva como subjetiva. Conclusión. Se confirma que la estrategia de cloración del agua tiene un impacto directo en la calidad de vida de los habitantes de Macusani. El 75% de los usuarios de agua potable en los barrios Jorge Chávez, Túpac Amaru y Cenepa considera que la desinfección del agua, implementada con el apoyo del Ministerio de Vivienda, ha sido beneficiosa
Panorama epidemiológico de internações e óbitos de crianças por queimaduras e corrosões no estado de São Paulo entre 2012 e 2024
Authors: Oliveira Raimunda Moreira de , Moreira Maria Fernanda Carvalho Martins , Sousa Laís Giovana de Oliveira , Benevides Vitória Ribeiro , Macedo Rafael Bressiani , Borges Luís Augusto Pinheiro , Coppetti Milena Meggiolaro , Queiroz Johny Carlos de
Published: February 2025

Introdução: As queimaduras são provocadas por diversos agentes, como eletricidade e materiais químicos ou corrosivos. Objetivo: Analisar o panorama de acidentes por queimaduras e corrosões em crianças de zero a nove anos no estado de São Paulo. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico transversal de abordagem quantitativa. As variáveis foram extraídas do DATASUS e os dados foram relativos a internações e óbitos por queimaduras e/ou corrosões de crianças de zero até 9 anos, no estado de São Paulo, no período de junho de 2012 a junho de 2024. Resultados: Foram registrados 433 óbitos e 84.512 internações no Brasil, sendo São Paulo o estado com a maior ocorrência de óbitos (n=70; 16,16%) e internações (n=10.340; 12,23%). Os óbitos tiveram maior predominância em crianças de 1 a 4 anos (n=36; 51,42%), cor branca (n=37; 52,85%), sexo masculino (n=36; 51,42%). Já as internações tiveram maior ocorrência em: crianças de 1 a 4 anos (n=6.495; 62,81%), cor branca (n=5.077; 49,10%), sexo masculino (n=6.239; 60,33%). Ademais, de 2012 a  2024, houve mais óbitos e internações, respectivamente, em 2021 (n=11; 15,71%) e em 2017 (n=992; 9,59%). Conclusão: São Paulo possui mais casos em meninos brancos com idade de 1 a 4 anos. Isso evidencia que a vulnerabilidade dessa faixa etária demanda medidas que reforcem o controle de acesso a fontes de calor a fim de aumentar a segurança infantil.
Intervenções de enfermagem à pessoa com enfarte agudo do miocárdio pós paragem cardiorrespiratória: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Gomes Rafael Carvalho , Galinha-de-Sá Florinda Laura Ferreira Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

Introdução: Os cuidados de enfermagem desempenham um papel fundamental aos doentes com enfarte agudo do miocárdio pós paragem cardiorrespiratória, sendo fundamentais para a estabilização hemodinâmica e a prevenção de complicações. Objetivo: Analisar e sintetizar as evidências científicas sobre as intervenções de enfermagem neste contexto, organizando-as em dois principais eixos: Vigilância e Cuidado Tecnológico. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura através de pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus e PubMed de forma a responder a questão de investigação: “Quais as intervenções de enfermagem pós paragem cardiorrespiratória (I) à pessoa com enfarte agudo do miocárdio (P) em cuidados críticos (Co)?” Resultados: A análise revelou que as intervenções de enfermagem em contexto de enfarte agudo do miocárdio pós paragem cardiorrespiratória podem ser organizadas em dois eixos principais: Vigilância e Cuidado Tecnológico. No eixo da Vigilância destacaram-se a gestão da temperatura, a oxigençao e perfusão cerebral, gestão da ventilação, comunicação transdisciplinar e gestão da homeostase metabólica. No Cuidado Tecnológico a monitorização e suporte hemodinâmico, tratamento farmacológico, Neuroprognosticação, Cuidados Paliativos e Apoio à família foram as intervenções de enfermagem em destaque. Conclusão: Os cuidados de enfermagem são indispensáveis para melhorar os desfechos clínicos em doentes críticos com enfarte agudo do miocárdio, reforçando a necessidade de competências avançadas e abordagem multidisciplinar. A integração de tecnologias avançadas e práticas baseadas em evidências, associadas à vigilância, constitui um pilar essencial para a segurança do doente.
Strategies for e-Assessments in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gundu Tapiwa
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly tools like ChatGPT, is reshaping educational landscapes by enabling students to generate responses that closely mimic human-written answers. This development presents both opportunities and challenges for e-assessments, especially concerning academic integrity and the authenticity of student learning outcomes. Traditional assessment methods, which often emphasize memorization and standardized testing, are proving insufficient in this new context, as they may not effectively measure higher-order skills like critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving. This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) to investigate adaptive e-assessment strategies in higher education that address the integrity challenges posed by generative AI while supporting meaningful learning. Through an in-depth analysis of recent literature on e-assessment practices and AI integration, this study identifies key adaptive strategies such as randomized questioning, project-based assessments, open-book exams, and AI-enhanced plagiarism detection. The findings reveal that while generative AI complicates the assessment process, it also provides an impetus for rethinking assessment design in ways that promote application-based knowledge and discourage cheating. By advocating for a shift towards assessments that evaluate critical skills rather than rote knowledge, this study proposes a framework that can support educators in creating robust, integrity-focused e-assessments. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on educational assessment, offering practical recommendations for institutions aiming to balance the benefits of AI-enhanced learning with the need for fair and accurate assessments.
Analysis of Beta-Amyloid in Plasma as Early Diagnostic Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in the Elderly Population
Authors: Fery Agusman MM  , Fitra Adi  , Poppy Fransisca A
Published: February 2025

Penyakit Alzheimer merupakan gangguan neurodegeneratif progresif yang menjadi penyebab utama demensia pada populasi lanjut usia. Deteksi dini sangat penting untuk penanganan yang lebih efektif. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) plasma telah muncul sebagai biomarker potensial untuk diagnosis dini Alzheimer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar beta-amyloid dalam plasma sebagai biomarker diagnostik dini penyakit Alzheimer pada populasi lanjut usia. Studi kasus-kontrol observasional ini melibatkan 20 partisipan: 11 dari Puskesmas A, 9 dari Puskesmas B, dan 10 kontrol sehat. Kadar Aβ42 dan Aβ40 plasma diukur menggunakan teknik ELISA. Penilaian kognitif dilakukan menggunakan MMSE dan MoCA. Analisis statistik meliputi perbandingan antar kelompok, korelasi dengan skor kognitif, dan analisis kurva ROC. Ditemukan perbedaan signifikan dalam kadar Aβ42 (p=0,023) dan rasio Aβ42/Aβ40 (p<0,001) antara kelompok Alzheimer dan kontrol. Rasio Aβ42/Aβ40 berkorelasi kuat dengan skor MMSE (r=0,684, p<0,001) dan MoCA (r=0,712, p<0,001). Analisis ROC menunjukkan akurasi diagnostik yang baik untuk rasio Aβ42/Aβ40 (AUC=0,863, 95% CI: 0,728-0,998) dengan nilai cut-off optimal 0,126 (sensitivitas 85%, spesifisitas 80%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio Aβ42/Aβ40 plasma memiliki potensi sebagai biomarker diagnostik dini untuk penyakit Alzheimer pada populasi lanjut usia. Temuan ini membuka jalan bagi pengembangan tes darah yang kurang invasif untuk skrining dan diagnosis dini Alzheimer, meskipun diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan ukuran sampel yang lebih besar.
The Impact of Popular Demands on the Jordanian State's Response to Political Reforms (1999_2021)
Authors: Dardour Walaa Ali
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The study aims to shed light on the trajectory of political reform in Jordan, understand popular aspirations and perspectives, and clarify the steps and reformist orientations declared by the state to assess the extent of the Jordanian state's response to popular demands regarding the political reform process.
Methods: The study examined political reform using three approaches: David Easton's systems analysis, which assessed inputs (popular demands for reform), outputs (official reform decisions), and feedback to gauge the Jordanian state's commitment; the decision-making approach, which focused on how decision-makers selected the best option from various alternatives after analyzing information; and the institutional approach, which reviewed texts and documents issued by various official bodies.
Results: The study concluded that numerous reform initiatives were introduced, including the formation of the "Royal Committee for Updating the Political System" on June 10, 2021. Constitutional amendments led to the creation of a Constitutional Court and an independent electoral body. However, these reforms did not meet public expectations, as there were still demands for parliamentary governments, the existence of a teachers' union, and the cancellation of special courts like the State Security Court, seen as encroachments on authority.
Conclusions: There has been progress in some aspects of the reform process, while others have not satisfied all segments of the population. Thus, the studied phenomenon had a partial impact when comparing popular reform efforts with actual official results.
توظيف ممارسي العلاقات العامة لأساليب الأقناع في الحملات الإعلانية الصحية
Authors: Kyoosh Khalaf Kareem
Published: February 2025

الاهداف : الكشف عن مدى توظيف ممارسي العلاقات العامة لأساليب الإقناع في الحملات الإعلانية الصحية، ودراسة أبرز الاستمالات الاقناعية في الحملات الإعلانية الصحية .
المنهجية : إن المنهج المستعمل في البحث بصورة أساسية هو( المنهج الوصفي؛ الدراسة التحليلية). تم اختيار عينة  بلغت (100) منشوراً، وتمثل المجتمع المستهدف في البحث
النتائج : أفرزت نتائج البحث أن أساليب الإقناع في الحملات الإعلانية قد تفاوتت بين حملة وأخرى؛ فقد جاء  أسلوب "الحجج والبراهين الدينة" في المرتبة الأولى، ومن ثم تلتها أساليب (الشخصنة ، التكرار ،الترغيب، الإثارة، واستثارة الخبرات) في المراتب الأخيرة من بين أساليب الاقناع، فيما حلت الاستمالات العقلانية في المرتبة الأولى تلتها الاستمالات العاطفية فيما جاءت استمالة التخويف في المرتبة الأخيرة .
الخلاصة : بناءً على نتائج البحث خرجت الدراسة بعدة توصيات منها ضرورة تكرار الأساليب الإقناعية في الرسائل الإعلانية الصحية مع التأكيد على الاستفادة من الملاكات الأكاديمية المختصة في هذا المجال، والتركيز على التنوع المنطقي والعاطفي للاستمالات في الرسالة الإعلانية لإثارة المتلقي .
Media Coverage of Minority Issues in Jordan from the Viewpoint of the Elders (Sheikhs) and Minority Representatives: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Al-Souob Hana Abdul-Rahman
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aims to investigate media coverage of minority issues in Jordan from the viewpoint of elders )sheikhs( and minority representatives.
Methodology: This is a qualitative study which uses the inductive approach, conducting in-depth interviews with the study’s purposive sample which consists of 10 sheikhs and minority representatives of Al-Nawar (Bani Murra) and the Turkmen.
Results: The study reveals that media coverage of minority issues in Jordan is limited and irregular, and that Jordanian TV and YouTube channels briefly present general topics about the minorities’ history, customs, and traditions, focusing on the their reliance on begging as a profession. Therefore, the study suggests that media in Jordan should meet the expectations of the minorities by focusing on more important topics like youth unemployment and the increasing levels of education especially among Al-Nawar.
Conclusion: The study concludes that media in Jordan does not do justice to the minorities because it does not reflect their reality or tackle their central concerns. Hence, it does not have any positive effect on the lives of the minorities, which prevents them from maintaining a positive social image and achieving social acceptance.
تداعيات الأزمة الروسية الأوكرانية على الأمن القومي العربي خلال الفترة (2021-2023)
Authors: Rawashdeh Mohammad Salim , Shboul Hani Ahmed
Published: February 2025

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى تداعيات الأزمة الروسية الأوكرانية على الأمن القومي العربي خلال الفترة (2021-2023). حاولت الدراسة الإجابة عن العديد من التساؤلات أهمها: المفهوم والمحددات التي تواجه الأمن القومي العربي؟ وطبيعة وتداعيات الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية على الأمن القومي العربي.
المنهجية: تم الاعتماد على توظيف منهجية تحليل المتغيرات والمسح باستخدام أسلوب تحليل المحتوى ونظرية الهيمنة الإقليمية، من خلال التحليل الإعلامي، لأنه من المناهج المناسبة لتحليل وسائل الإعلام. جمع المعلومات وعرض أدلتها بالشكل المناسب للوصول إلى نتائج حقيقية، وذلك لعرض المتغيرات التي وردت في فرضية الدراسة.
النتائج: على الرغم من توافر كافة العوامل التي تتيح للدول العربية تحقيق أعلى مستويات القوة وتوازن القوى من حيث خلق بنية مناسبة للأمن القومي العربي، خاصة الأمن الغذائي الذي يعتبر أساس قوة الدول العربية، وذلك لتوافر العوامل الطبيعية من تربة صالحة للزراعة، وتوافر المياه، وتنوع المناخ، والعوامل البشرية. إلا أن الدول العربية لا تزال تعاني من نقص حاد في إنتاج الغذاء والصناعات والتكنولوجيا والأمن الشامل.
الخلاصة: انطلقت الدراسة من افتراض أن هناك علاقة ارتباطية بين تداعيات وتحديات الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية على الأمن القومي العربي. كما خلصت الدراسة إلى أن الحرب الروسية الأوكرانية كانت وستكون لها تداعيات وتحديات كبيرة على الأمن القومي العربي على المستوى العربي من ناحية، وعلى الأمن الدولي بشكل عام.
SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN ARMED CONFLICT: RAPE AS A TOOL OF TORTURE AND VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Jesmin Noor-E-Medina Suraiya
Published: February 2025

This study critically examines the legal treatment of sexual violence, with a focus on rape, and its impact on victim’s bodily integrity and agency. Despite being among the most severe forms of violence during wartime, rape often inadequately addressed within both mainstream human rights law and gender-specific legal framework. Feminist scholars argue that international human rights law, traditionally androcentric, marginalizes women’s right, leading to a failure in recognizing gender-specific abuses as sexual violence as torture. This research explores the gaps in legal recognition and protection, particularly how the separation of institutional bodies-those addressing women’s rights and those dealing with human rights violation- contributes to insufficient reporting and categorization of gender-based crimes. The study employs a doctrinal legal research methodology, analyzing primarily legal sources such as statutes, case law, and international treaties, alongside secondary sources including academic articles and feminist legal theory. A comparative legal analysis is also undertaken to assess how different jurisdiction address rape and its implications for human dignity and personal autonomy. The research further incorporates insights from critical legal studies to evaluate how legal frameworks represent and respond to rape as torture. Findings suggest that existing frameworks fall short in adequately protecting women from gender-specific violence, particularly in conflict situations. Therefore, the study argues for a more integrated and gender- sensitive approach within international human rights law to effectively address and prevent sexual violence like rape, ensuring that the dignity and autonomy of women are upheld.
Malocclusion Severity Index in primary dentition
Authors: Homem Márcio Alexandre , Pereira Túlio Silva , Martins-Júnior Paulo Antônio , Ramos-Jorge Maria Leticia , Marques Leandro Silva
Published: February 2025

Aim: To develop and validate the Malocclusion Severity Index (MSI), which assesses the presence and severity of malocclusion in primary dentition.
Materials and Methods: 294 children aged 3-5 years were examined in 33 occlusal traits by calibrated examiners. Descriptive analysis, and univariate and multivariate linear regressions were performed. A final equation identified the influence of trait on the malocclusion severity of each child (lip coverage x 3) + (crowding x 2) + (diastema x 0.5) + (overbite x 0.5) + (anterior open bite x 1) + (anterior mandibular overjet x 2) + 3 (derived from the constant). The MSI value for each of the participants was calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis test determined the significance between each professional’s assessment and the MSI score (p < 0.05). MSI was categorized as absent, mild, moderate and severe malocclusion. The Mann-Whitney test determined the discriminant validity.
Results: Some occlusal traits were independently associated with the perception of the severity of malocclusion by the professional (p < 0.05). Classification of the severity of malocclusion according to the MSI was associated (p < 0.001) with the perception of malocclusion by the professional, which demonstrated the discriminant validity of the instrument.
Conclusion: The MSI was effective in discriminating malocclusion in primary dentition by different degrees of severity.
Maintenance 4.0: Optimizing Asset Integrity and Reliability in Modern Manufacturing
Authors:   Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shubra, Benha University, (Cairo), Egypt., Gomaa Dr. Attia Hussien
Published: February 2025

The reliability of critical assets is essential for operational success and long-term sustainability in modern manufacturing. Asset Integrity Management (AIM) ensures reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety (RAMS) while minimizing risks and costs. Industry 4.0 technologies—such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Big Data analytics—have revolutionized maintenance strategies, enabling real-time monitoring, predictive diagnostics, and data-driven decision-making. These advancements have transformed AIM, optimizing asset performance and operational efficiency. Maintenance 4.0 leverages these technologies to integrate predictive and preventive maintenance, enabling proactive repairs, reducing costly failures, and enhancing equipment reliability and productivity. This paper examines the impact of Maintenance 4.0 on AIM, focusing on the transition from reactive to intelligent, technology-driven maintenance solutions. It highlights the benefits of improved efficiency, optimized maintenance schedules, cost reduction, risk mitigation, and sustainability in the competitive manufacturing sector. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study identifies gaps in aligning traditional maintenance practices with emerging technologies and proposes a framework to address these challenges. By combining advanced digital technologies with established AIM principles, the research offers a strategic roadmap for optimizing asset integrity, achieving operational excellence, and fostering sustainable growth in modern manufacturing.
Renewable energy potential of bio-Oil from pyrolysis of gmelina arborea seeds cultivated in Nigeria
Authors: Lawal R. O. , Adedosu T. A. , Alade A. O. , Adedosu H. O. , Okekunle P.  O.
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for renewable energy sources has intensified the search for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Gmelina arborea seeds, an underutilized biomass abundant in Nigeria, hold potential for bio-oil production. This study aims to explore the feasibility of utilizing Gmelina arborea seeds for energy generation through pyrolysis, contributing to cleaner energy production and environmental conservation. Seeds were collected from LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, and subjected to air and oven drying to reduce moisture content before being ground into powder. Pyrolysis was performed in a bench-scale screw reactor at temperatures ranging from 485 to 596 °C. The bio-oil produced was characterized using standard ASTM methods, including proximate and ultimate analyses, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), to determine its chemical composition and energy potential. The bio-oil yield ranged from 21.3 to 25.3 wt.%, with the highest yield of 25.3 wt.% achieved at 596 °C. Characterization revealed favorable energy properties, including a Higher Heating Value (HHV) of 40.13 MJ/kg, kinematic viscosity, density, and flash point within practical application ranges. FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as alkenes, carboxylic acids, alcohols, ethers, and ketones, while GC-MS detected hydrocarbons like alkanes, alkenes, phenols, and naphthalene. The low nitrogen content (2.58-2.80 wt.%) indicates minimal environmental impact. This study highlights the viability of Gmelina arborea seeds as a renewable bioenergy feedstock, offering a cleaner, sustainable alternative to conventional fuels.
Mapping of benthic rocky shore habitats of the algerian coast (south-western mediterranean)
Authors: Bahbah Lamia , Bensari Bilel , Chabane Khadidja , Seridi Halima , Mariani Simone , Ballesteros Enric
Published: February 2025

This study is the first large-scale mapping of supralittoral, mediolittoral and upper infralittoral benthic rocky substrate habitats of the Algerian coast. It is a first step to fix the lack of cartographic information and general knowledge of coastal marine habitats in Algeria. 2D digital habitat mapping was carried out along 450 km of coastline using CAT-LIT methodology. We also provide a reference database of the coastal marine habitats of the Algerian coast, named "List of ALGerian MARin HABitats". Natural rocky coastlines are the dominant typological category in the area. The coastline studied is highly diverse in terms of habitats, since 35 benthic habitats were identified. Supralittoral benthic communities are dominated by barnacle Euraphia depressa and the lichen Verrucaria amphibia. Barnacles (Chthamalus spp.) and the red alga Rissoella verruculosa occupy the upper mediolittoral zone, while habitats dominated by the red algae Ellisolandia elongata and Lithophyllum byssoides characterize the lower mediolittoral zone. The upper infralittoral fringe is dominated by Ellisolandia elongata and rockweed Ericaria selaginoides in exposed shores or by Gongolaria barbata in sheltered areas. These habitats represent the core habitats of the littoral zone of Algeria. Anthozoans Astroides calycularis and Actinia equina are common in the infralittoral zone. Ulvales are abundant in Algiers Bay indicating polluted waters.
The ex-situ adaptative power of the blue crab callinectes sapidus rathbun, 1896.
Authors: Becir Farida , Leulmi Asma , Nessaifia Malek-Zakia , Bouanani Samia , Beniddir Mostapha
Published: February 2025

The blue crab Callinectes sapidus locally nicknamed «Dhaech» in allusion to its devastating character, that eats everything on its way, it ravages, disrupts the environmental ecology and even impoverished it. This crab invaded the Mellah Lake «Ramsar site», which threatens the whole environment balance, and in order to propose a solution to this invasion, while taking advantage of the arrival of this new wealth, our reflection starts from the finding in the first hand of the approval size generated by the blue crab and its contribution in social-economic development, what led us to this issue of breeding the Mellah crab ex-situ to exploit it commercially.
Monitoring Gelatinous Zooplankton and its dynamics in the eastern Adriatic (2018-2023)
Authors: Budiša Andrea , Iveša Neven , Burić Petra , Millotti Gioconda , Buršić Moira , Pustijanac Emina , Žunec Ante , Kovačić Ines , Štifanić Mauro , Milovan Nataly , Paliaga Paolo
Published: February 2025

Gelatinous zooplankton, widespread in pelagic environments, pose a challenge for surveillance due to their delicate, see-through bodies. Their presence often seems irregular, with fluctuating populations occasionally forming dense swarms. These efficient and non-selective feeders compete with fish for resources, and their abundant proliferation can alter the marine food web and result in ecosystem degradation. Hence, monitoring gelatinous zooplankton is crucial. In this study, we document their encounters over six years along the northeastern Adriatic coast, an important spawning area for small pelagic fish now experiencing frequent gelatinous zooplankton blooms. We compare findings from the north to those in the southern Adriatic. Continuous monitoring revealed that the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, predominantly present in the northern basin, significantly altered the taxonomic composition, temporal occurrence, and intensity of gelatinous zooplankton blooms, shifting dominance from native to introduced species.
Using multispectral UAV imagery and ground truthing to assess the success of vegetation reinforcement in a coastal area – the case of Inwadar National Park, Malta
Authors: Camilleri Leanne , Lanfranco Sandro
Published: February 2025

Ground-based methods of vegetation survey are slow and expensive, but recent technological developments have made UAVs (Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles or drones) accessible to consumer budgets, facilitating their use in vegetation monitoring. We propose a method for using UAVs to evaluate a vegetation reinforcement programme in a coastal area in Malta and compare its accuracy and cost-effectiveness with that of ground-based methods (including walkthrough-surveys and measurements of chlorophyll-a content). Multi-seasonal imaging of the site was captured using a DJI Phantom 4 drone equipped with sensors sensitive to visible, near infrared (NIR) and red edge (RE) light. These images were used to construct NDVIs of the site from which vegetation characteristics were deduced. Results suggest that UAVs provides a cost-effective way to map, quantify, and detect changes in vegetation cover which can enable assessment of physiological performance once a calibration procedure has been carried out. With an accuracy comparable to ground-based surveys, but quicker and cheaper, drone-based methods provide a viable and economically-attractive alternative to manual surveying methods.
Enhancing Biodiversity Monitoring in Mediterranean MPAs: eDNA and Strategic Solutions
Authors: Capurso Ginevra , Stewart Kathryn A.
Published: February 2025

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are essential for conserving marine biodiversity and ensuring the sustainability of marine ecosystems. This study examines the current management and monitoring practices within the Mediterranean Sea. Utilizing a questionnaire distributed to 93 MPA managers, we received 29 complete responses, providing insights into the governance, management plans, and monitoring strategies employed across the region. Our findings reveal significant variability in the implementation of management plans, with 48% of respondents reporting full implementation and 41% employing ad hoc monitoring strategies. Traditional monitoring methods, such as visual censuses, remain prevalent, while 28% of respondents reported using eDNA metabarcoding as an additional tool. The integration of eDNA metabarcoding has shown substantial potential in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of biodiversity monitoring, particularly in detecting species diversity and invasive species. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including funding constraints, lack of human resources, and inadequate data-sharing practices. To address these issues, we recommend increasing funding, standardizing monitoring protocols, enhancing regional cooperation, and promoting adaptive management informed by robust monitoring data. This study underscores the transformative potential of eDNA metabarcoding in MPA management and highlights the need for strategic improvements to ensure the sustainability and ecological health of Mediterranean MPAs.
Cryptic diversity of the widespread scorched mussel Brachidontes pharaonis-variabilis species complex
Authors: Curatolo Tiziana , Battiata Matteo , Lo Brutto Sabrina
Published: February 2025

The phenomenon of bioinvasions, when species spread beyond their native ranges, is widely studied in terms of biological and ecological characteristics of the species involved. However, some cases need taxonomic deepening due to misidentifications which often occur. The Brachidontes pharaonis-variabilis species complex, a mussel group, exemplifies these challenges. Originally from the Indo-Pacific region, the species Brachidontes pharaonis has successfully invaded the Mediterranean Sea. The true boundaries of its Indo-Pacific range are poorly understood, partly due to confusion with a similar species, B. variabilis. This morphological overlap complicates accurate distribution mapping. This paper emphasizes the need for integrative analyses and reports morphometric and genetic variability within the complex.
TurtleTosca: drone monitoring of the Caretta caretta nests in the Migliarino San Rossore Massaciuccoli Park
Authors: Galletti Yuri , Dini Alessandro , Logli Francesca , Mancusi Cecilia , Merlino Silvia , Paterni Marco , Zuffi Marco Alberto Luca
Published: February 2025

The loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) is the most abundant sea turtle species in the Mediterranean Sea. In 2023, 454 nests were identified along Italian beaches, these results represent the absolute Italian nesting record. It was also an exceptional year (2023) for Tuscany, in the central of Italy, where 24 nests were found. This area of central Italy seems to be no longer an exceptional site, so it is necessary to organize monitoring activities in order to cover most of the Tuscan beaches where Caretta caretta could nest. Between the mouths of two rivers, the Serchio and the Arno, lies a natural park, owned by the Tuscany Region, called the Migliarino San Rossore Massaciuccoli Natural Park (MSRM Park), a protected area with 34 km of protected coastline. With the aim of identifying, protecting and managing Caretta caretta turtle nests in this area, a monitoring program has been initiated using UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), or drones, inside MSRM Park. In the first working season, which ran from June to August 2023, one carcass and some possible Caretta caretta tracks were identified, but no nest at the moment.
The Amphipoda and Cumacea assemblage response to LNG terminal installation in Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Marusso Veronica , Trabucco Benedetta
Published: February 2025

The Italian government have installed the first offshore liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal that stores and re-gasifies liquefied natural gas due to the increasing of energy demand. The LGN terminal was positioned in the North Adriatic Sea and ISPRA, had monitored the installation and exercise activities for about 10 years; the monitoring program was executed in three phases: ante operam, during terminal installation and during terminal exercise. The monitoring process concerned different matrices: water, sediments, and biota; in this study, the results carried out by the macrozoobenthic community analysis, are shown. These communities are recognized as an important tool to evaluate the environmental conditions, since they live in close contact with the seabed, etc. Our study was on two groups of macrozoobenthic crustacea: Amphipoda and Cumacea, providing information about the effect due to the first LGN terminal on this portion of benthic ecosystem. In the last years other LNG terminals were installed in the Italian Sea, the results of this study will be used to improve the planning sampling survey to understand the building effect on benthic communities.
A methodological approach to assessing the conservation status of coastal habitats: the case study of Calabria (Southern Italy).
Authors: Morabito Antonio , Musarella Carmelo , Caruso Giuseppe , Spampinato Giovanni
Published: February 2025

The Mediterranean coasts are threatened by human activities that cause changes and alterations in the vegetation. This study aims to assess the impact of urbanisation on the conservation status of EEC Directive 43/92 habitats. We used all polygons in the range 0-200 m above sea level. Using QGIS, we calculated the distance in metres between the vegetation relevés of the habitats and the centre of the polygons coded as urban. A total of 73 vegetation relevés were carried out, which allowed us to recognise 13 revealing habitats. The total diversity of plant species per habitat was measured with the H-index used to assess naturalness (N), considering native, alien and disturbance species differently. The analysis showed that the highest values of H⁺ were found in habitats 1430, 2110 and 2240 while lower values were observed in habitats 2270*, 2250*,2210. The results showed that habitats 2270* and 2250*, which are closer to urban centres, show a lower naturalness value than habitats 1210, 1240, 2110 and 2240, with higher naturalness values and therefore a low disturbance. This methodology can be used by managers to identify the most sensitive coastal dunes and implement a conservation strategy.