bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of possible lower limb amputation in a tomb in an ancient Egyptian necropolis: the case report of an on-site radiographic analysis
Authors: Messina Carmelo , Abd El-Moneim Said Mahmoud , Pozzi Massimiliana , Tomaino Alice , Biehler-Gomez Lucie , Cummaudo Marco , Cattaneo Cristina , Piacentini Patrizia
Published: September 2022

Objective:

Despite the existing literature, the use of surgery to treat medical diseases in Ancient Egypt remains controversial. Regarding amputations, such procedures were performed in Egypt for therapeutic reasons, although they were never described in medical papyri. Here, we present the radiographic study of a possible lower limb amputation found in a recently discovered tomb in Aswan, Egypt.

Methods:

The necropolis is located on the west bank of the Nile, around the Mausoleum of the Aga Khan III. Around 45 mummies were found in the tomb, along with more than 400 mixed bones of adults and subadults. Radiographic analyses were carried out directly on-site in the proximity of the tomb using a digital portable device. Among the mixed bones, we found a mature right femur with evidence of mid-diaphyseal bone interruption and exuberant reparative callus at the broken stump with woven periosteal new bone, indicating a recent and active healing process at the time of death. The X-ray study confirmed the presence of a mid-diaphyseal transverse fracture, highlighting the relatively sharp margins which were suggestive of a transverse cut at this point. A slightly radiopaque bone callus was visible as osseous spurs with circumferential and proximal directions; the exuberant bone callus revealed an ante-mortem trauma, suggesting the hypothesis of certain types of amputation. The X-ray showed no clear signs of other bone diseases or advanced taphonomic processes. Among the commingled remains, we also found the mature distal epiphysis of a right femur with radiographic evidence of extensive bone remodeling at the proximal broken stump. However, we cannot ascertain that these two femoral pieces corresponded to the same individual.

Conclusions:

Further studies will better clarify the causes of the bony lesion, which may be related to possible amputation of fracture from high-force blunt trauma. At present, the most likely cause relies on interpersonal violence, accidental occupation trauma and/or therapeutic treatment. Our report highlights how conventional radiology can still provide important results in the field of paleopathology, thanks to the possibility of using portable radiological devices directly on archaeological sites, thus overcoming technical difficulties in transporting bone mummified remains.
Atlanto-axial subluxation secondary to a neglected odontoid fracture
Authors: Tsukamoto Masatsugu , Morimoto Tadatsugu , Kobayashi Takaomi , Hirata Hirohito , Yoshihara Tomohito , Mawatari Masaaki
Published: September 2022

A 81-year-old female had chronic renal failure and was undergoing hemodialysis, visited orthopaedic clinic after striking her head on the ceiling of a car while driving on a rough road. An odontoid fracture went unidentified on the initial radiograph. One month later, she came to our hospital with persistent neck pain. A radiography and computed tomography revealed a C1–two subluxation secondary to the fracture. Posterior occipito–C1–C2–C3 fixation was performed, and the patient wore a halo-vest for two-month post-surgery. After two months, the halo-vest was removed, and the patient was not experiencing any pain or neurological deficits. In older patients, even minor head trauma can result in cervical vertebral fractures. Therefore, potential fractures should be considered during initial evaluations to avoid the serious consequences of an incorrect initial diagnosis. Care should be taken when choosing between conservative or surgical treatments, considering all potential risks and complications.
Συνοδικότητα και Οικουμένη
Authors: Μπέλλος Σταμάτιος
Published: September 2022

Η παρούσα μελέτη ασχολείται με την ιστορική Πανορθόδοξη Προσυνοδική πορεία της Αγίας και Μεγάλης Συνόδου της Ορθόδοξης Εκκλησίας η οποία πραγματοποιήθηκε το 2016 στην Κρήτη. Η πραγμάτευση, η σύγκληση και η συγκρότηση της, απετέλεσε καρπό μακροχρόνιας προσπάθειας. Με την επανεκκίνηση του Συνοδικού θεσμού, η Ορθοδοξία, σε μία περίοδο έντονων εθνικιστικών τάσεων που την διαίρεσαν σε μεμονωμένες και εσωστρεφείς Εκκλησίες, νιώθει την ανάγκη απέναντι στις νέες προκλήσεις ενός συνεχούς μεταβαλλόμενου κόσμου, να δώσει συλλογικά τη δική της μαρτυρία. Επί πλέον, με τη συνειδητοποίηση ότι οι ορθόδοξοι ζουν εντός ενός παγκοσμιοποιημένου τοπίου ο ρόλος της Ορθοδοξίας, λαμβάνει την έννοια της πρόκλησης και της συμμετοχής στον οικουμενικό και διαθρησκειακό διάλογο στα πλαίσια της οργανωμένης θεσμικής Οικουμενικής Κίνησης. Με εστίαση σε πρόσωπα που μέσα από τη χαρισματική διακονία τους εντός της Εκκλησίας, στο κατώφλι περίπου του Κ΄ αιώνα και εξής τα οποία επιχείρησαν από τις θεσμικές τους θέσεις ο καθένας να αναπτύξει σύγχρονο διάλογο πρωτίστως με το ίδιο το Ορθόδοξο Σώμα με τη συνειδητοποίηση της ανανέωσης και ερμηνείας των μηνυμάτων των καιρών, η εργασία, έρχεται να καλύψει το κενό με την δραστηριότητα των προσωπικοτήτων που ανέλαβαν την διεξαγωγή της. Η αναφορά μας, σχετίζεται με τις προσωπικότητες της Μεγάλης του Χριστού Εκκλησίας, του Πατριάρχη Αθηναγόρα και των Μητροπολιτών Γέροντα Χαλκηδόνος Μελίτωνα και του Ελβετίας Δαμασκηνού οι οποίες ξεχωρίζουν με τη προσφορά τους και πρωτοστατούν στη προπαρασκευή της Αγίας και Μεγάλης Συνόδου. Κατά την πορεία της, αναπτύσσουν τα πρόσωπα αυτά την έννοια της Συνοδικότητας στην προσπάθεια ενότητας των ορθοδόξων κατά τόπους Εκκλησιών. Από την άλλη, στόχος, παρά τη λειτουργική του δυσχέρεια το ΠΣΕ, στην σκέψη των Ιεραρχών παραμένει η πρωταρχική πρόκληση και πρόσκληση να πραγματοποιηθεί το «πάντες έν ώσιν» (Ιω.17,21), ως επιταγή απαράβατη του Χριστού και συνεπώς της Εκκλησίας και της ταυτότητάς της και όχι ως εξωγενές στοιχείο της. Οι σημαντικότερες επιτυχίες που δημιουργήθηκαν από την προσέγγιση των Εκκλησιών χάρη στην δυναμική που επέδειξαν οι εκκλησιαστικές Προσωπικότητες, συνοψίζονται ως εξής: α)στην αντιμετώπιση του «προσηλυτιστικού ανταγωνισμού. β) Αναπτύχθηκε ο «πρακτικός οικουμενισμός» με πρωτοβουλίες που αφορούν την συνεργασία για την επικράτηση μιας κοινής χριστιανικής διδασκαλίας κάνοντας το τολμηρό βήμα για τον θεολογικό οικουμενισμό στη συνέχεια, με την εμβάθυνση στη θεολογία των ετεροδόξων. γ) Εντός της Οικουμενικής Κίνησης, προστίθενται η μαρτυρία της Εκκλησίας υπό την έννοια της διακονίας απέναντι στον άνθρωπο και τα προβλήματα της κοινωνικοπολιτικής ζωής του. δ) Από τα σπουδαία θέματα που απασχόλησαν τον θεολογικό στοχασμό των Ιεραρχών είναι ο Διαθρησκειακός διάλογος. ε) Στο τελευταίο τμήμα της εργασίας αναφερόμαστε στο ακανθώδες θέμα του φονταμενταλισμού.
Δημιουργία πλαισίου επιθεώρησης οδικής ασφάλειας για την αντιμετώπιση προβλημάτων οδικής ασφάλειας
Authors: Αποστολέρης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: September 2022

Ο στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής είναι να αξιολογήσει και να εισαγάγει μια νέα μεθοδολογία σχετικά με την αξιολόγηση του παρεχόμενου επιπέδου οδικής ασφάλειας που χαρακτηρίζει τις οδούς δύο λωρίδων κυκλοφορίας. Οι τρέχουσες πρακτικές βασίζονται κυρίως σε μοντέλα πρόβλεψης συγκρούσεων που χρησιμοποιούν συγκεκριμένες μεταβλητές, ενώ σχεδόν η πλειοψηφία αυτών βασίζεται στο αμερικάνικο εγχειρίδιο Highway Safety Manual (HSM). Τα περισσότερα από τα μοντέλα πρόβλεψης στο HSM προσδιορίζουν την επίδραση μεμονωμένων γεωμετρικών στοιχείων στην εμφάνιση συγκρούσεων και εξετάζουν τον συνδυασμό τους με πολλαπλασιαστικό τρόπο, όπου κάθε αποτέλεσμα πολλαπλασιάζεται με άλλα για να προσδιοριστεί η συνδυασμένη επιρροή τους. Επιπρόσθετα σημειώνεται ότι υπάρχουν αρκετές περιπτώσεις που για την ίδια παράμετρο υπάρχει σημαντική απόκλιση στα αποτελέσματα της αξιολόγησης, όπως προκύπτει από διάφορες έρευνες πεδίου και αναλύσεις σε διαφορετικές περιοχές του κόσμου. Η παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζει την επικινδυνότητα που χαρακτηρίζει ένα οδικό τμήμα ή/και ένα μεμονωμένο γεωμετρικό στοιχείο της οδού (οριζοντιογραφική καμπύλη ή ισόπεδος κόμβος), μέσω συγκεκριμένων αναλυτικών μαθηματικών σχέσεων για παραμέτρους σχεδιασμού, οι οποίες προκύπτουν από την στάθμιση πολλών παραγόντων επιρροής. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό ο προσδιορισμός του βαθμού επικινδυνότητας προκύπτει μέσα από συνδυασμό μαθηματικών σχέσεων που αξιολογούν το σύνολο της οδικής υποδομής.Σημειώνεται επίσης ότι με την προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία ιεραρχείται το σύνολο των παραμέτρων ως προς την επιρροή που αυτές έχουν στο παρεχόμενο επίπεδο οδικής ασφάλειας και αναδεικνύονται οι παράμετροι που υποβαθμίζουν σημαντικά το επίπεδο αυτό, καθοδηγώντας τους υπευθύνους στην στοχευμένη επιλογή των επεμβατικών μέτρων και θεραπειών. Τέλος επισημαίνεται ότι η εφαρμογή της προτεινόμενης μεθοδολογίας προσφέρει την δυνατότητα δημιουργίας κατάλληλων χαρτών επικινδυνότητας του οδικού δικτύου οι οποίοι μπορούν να αξιοποιηθούν από τις αρμόδιες Υπηρεσίες προκειμένου να προγραμματιστούν αφενός οι απαιτούμενες εργασίες συντήρησης του οδικού δικτύου και αφετέρου οι απαιτούμενες επεμβάσεις για την αναβάθμιση του παρεχόμενου επιπέδου οδικής ασφάλειας.
27 YEARS OF CARDIAC SURGERY IN AFRICA, The experience of La Chaîne de l’Espoir
Authors: CHAUVAUD SYLVAIN
Published: September 2022

Pediatric  cardiac surgery is challenging in low incombe countries such as in Africa. La Chaîne de l'Espoir is a french NGO devoted to health care of poor and sick children.

This article presents the actions La Chaîne de l'Espoir. It introduces in particular the transfer to France system of sick children from developing countries for surgical care, the growing tele-expertise program in cardiac ultrasound, as well as the main stages of the activity in Africa since the creation of the NGO involving seven centers allocated in different countries of the continent.
Trace element bioaccumulation and health risk assessment derived from leg consumption of the marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771)
Authors: Tatlı Hale , Altunışık Abdullah , Gedik Kenan
Published: September 2022

Amphibians, which can live in aquatic and terrestrial environments, are a good indicator of pollution in these areas. Although frog leg is not consumed frequently in some cuisines, including Turkey, it is important in terms of evaluating metal accumulation since it is preferred as human food in many European countries. In this study, the quantities of trace elements (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Co, Cr, Ni, Mn, V) were measured in the edible tissues (muscles) of an amphibian species by sampling from two frog farms in Turkey. It was aimed to assess possible health hazards for humans by frog legs consumption comparing with the toxicological limit values, including provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI). In general, the average values (µg kg−1) of trace elements were Zn (3.437.62)> Pb (69.22)> Cu (66.72)> Mn (35.07)> As (24.24)> Cr (11.47)> Ni (6.94)> Cd (6.51)> Co (2.97)> V (<0.001). The results indicated that concentrations of the analyzed trace elements were determined below the European Commission’s permitted levels and edible tissues of the marsh frog posed no carcinogenic health risk to humans.
Effects of different thawing methods on fatty acid composition of cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Metin Cansu , Alparslan Yunus , Ekşi Zerrin , Baygar Taçnur
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to determine the potential changes in the fatty acid composition of frozen cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) thawed at different environmental conditions. Sea bass fillets were thawed using four different methodologies: refrigerator (+4°C), water (+15°C), microwave (defrost mode) and ambient conditions (22±2°C). Some part of the fish was thawed once (on the 7th and 30th days), and the other part was thawed twice (on the 30th day). Thus, crude lipid analysis and fatty acid composition by gas chromatography were carried out in the thawed sea bass fillets. The results showed negative effects on the fatty acid composition caused by the different thawing methods. The most suitable thawing method was determined as refrigerator thawing, especially on the 30th day 1st thawing according to least loss of the lipid values (9.19±0.18%) and unsaturated fatty acids (C18:2 25.92±0.13%, C20:5 5.56±0.02%, C22:6n-3 8.90±0.09%, ∑PUFA 44.70±0.04%). Samples thawed in water and ambient conditions follow the refrigerator thawing method in terms of lipid and fatty acids. The highest lipid and fatty acid loss was observed in microwave thawing. Although the samples thawed in the refrigerator were better than the other groups in terms of lipid content and fatty acid composition, it is recommended to the consumers that frozen foods should be thawed only once and consumed immediately, and that fish should be frozen according to their needs and thaw as much as they can consume.
Mass mortality report of the critically endangered Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Gökçeada (North Aegean Sea, Turkey)
Authors: Acarli Deniz , Acarli Sefa , Öz Melike İdil
Published: September 2022

In August 2020, a total area of 38000 m2 around Gökçeada has been scanned to determine the current population status of Pinna nobilis. 9 stations (Yıldızkoy, Manastır, Marmaros, Gizli Liman, Laz Koyu, Kapıkaya, Karaçavuş, Karaçavuş shore and Kefalos) have been detected by means of SCUBA and ABC diving techniques. All specimens were found dead (total mass mortality of 100%). The total length range of P. nobilis was between 30.8 – 38.3 cm.
The invasive silver-cheeked toadfish, Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) appeared in the Sea of Marmara after more than a decade: A call for awareness
Authors: Bal Habib , Khan Umar
Published: September 2022

This study presents a new locality record of poisonous pufferfish, Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789), one of the 18 worst invader fish species identified globally by IUCN, from the Sea of Marmara caught by a commercial purse seine fishing vessel while fishing anchovy on 22 February 2021. Previously, this invasive species was first recorded at the Gelibolu peninsula in the Sea of Marmara between September 2007 and October 2008. Lagocephalus sceleratus recorded in this study is larger in size with 142 mm total length than previous records (126 mm in 2007; 95 mm in 2008) for the Sea of Marmara. The presently reported record represents the first documented occurrence of this species in the Erdek Bay of the Sea of Marmara and the third documented record for the entire Sea of Marmara.
Diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders – a review of the scientific literature
Authors: Pawłowski Piotr , Brodowski Wojciech , Borowik Joanna , Swora Aleksandra , Sygacz Oliwer , Żelazny Przemysław , Filipczak Joanna , Dankiewicz Sara , Bróż Sebastian , Basta-Arciszewska Katarzyna
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Unambiguous definition of mental disorders is difficult, mainly because of          the heterogeneity of this group of diseases and the clarity of the line between pathology and normal. The definition proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) is widely accepted.                   In practice, definitions from the legislation of a country are also important.
Aim of the work: The purpose of this study is to discuss the basic issues of diagnosis                    and treatment of mental disorders.
Material and method: A method of non-systematic literature review from databases such           as scientific Google Scholar, PubMed, CinalHl, Scopus, Arianta, Web of Science was used.
Results and conclusions: In the treatment of mental disorders, I use pharmacological and        non-pharmacological methods. Psychopharmaceuticals are divided into several groups depending on their mechanism of action. Their selection depends mainly on the diagnosed disease entity and tolerance to treatment. The most widely used group of drugs is the group of non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Non-pharmacological methods include psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, deep brain stimulation, and psychosurgery.
Ormond's disease - the current state of knowledge about diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Dankiewicz Sara , Bróż Sebastian , Żelazny Przemysław , Filipczak Joanna , Swora Aleksandra , Borowik Joanna , Sygacz Oliwer , Brodowski Wojciech , Pawłowski Piotr , Basta-Arciszewska Katarzyna
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond's disease; RPF) is a rare condition characterized by chronic inflammation and resulting progressive fibrosis of the retroperitoneal space. Due to its low prevalence and uncharacteristic symptoms, it is often overlooked in the diagnostic process, resulting in a late-stage diagnosis when complications are already present and treatment options are limited.
The aim of the study: The purpose of our study was to present, based on the available literature, the latest reports on the diagnosis and treatment of Ormond disease.
State of knowledge: The diagnosis of RPF is based on an anamnesis and imaging. Sometimes a surgical biopsy of the fibrous tissue is necessary. The pathogenesis remains partly unclear. There is no characteristic laboratory marker for early diagnosis of the disease. It is important to distinguish the primary form from the secondary form, in which the trigger factors are known. In therapy, steroid therapy is still the standard. Attempts are being made to treat with other immunosuppressants and biologic drugs with good results, which speaks to the autoimmune basis of the disease. In some cases, surgical treatment and removal of fibrous tissue compressing abdominal structures is essential.
Summary: Although the state of knowledge about retroperitoneal fibrosis has been greatly expanded in recent years, many questions remain to be clarified, especially about its pathogenesis and possible early clinical clues to facilitate diagnosis.
Quality of Life in Schoolchildren, Their Parents and Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Psychosomatic Health, Teachers’ and Parents’ Burnout Along with the Prevalence of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Mudło-Głagolska Karolina , Larionov Pavel
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and the related changes in the implementation of educational activities affected three groups of the school community: schoolchildren, their parents and teachers. The purpose of this study is to assess psychological functioning in these groups in the period before returning to full-time face-to-face education. The study involved 88 schoolchildren, 99 parents and 36 teachers from Poland. Life satisfaction, subjective physical and mental health complaints as well as the quality of life were assessed in students. Anxiety and depressive symptoms, teachers’ and parental burnout were also studied. Additionally, the usage of such maladaptive coping strategies as rumination was assessed in teachers. The analysis revealed that lower levels of psychological well-being were shown by girls (compared to boys) and schoolchildren from grades 7 to 8 (compared to younger pupils). Teachers scored relatively high on the anxiety/depressive symptoms and work burnout scales. In contrast, parents had lower levels of anxiety/depressive symptoms and the level of parental burnout was average.Among the participants of the educational process, pupils in the higher grades (7–8), especially girls, as well as teachers had poorer well-being. We suggest that measures should be taken to provide psychological support to these risk groups.
Regulating Math Anxiety and Improving Math Performance: A Review of Intervention Research
Authors: Shakmaeva Alsu
Published: September 2022

Math anxiety as a stressful reaction to interacting with mathematics is a common problem in education and is highly prevalent across the globe. Moreover, math anxiety is negatively correlated with math performance. Researchers are looking for promising ways to mitigateits negative association by designing and testing various interventions. This article presents a review of intervention research aiming at regulating students’ math anxiety. The findings revealed that interventions may be classified into two types: (1) behavioral interventions, and (2) interventions focusing on improving math knowledge and skills. The article further provides an overview of interventional studies that examined the effect on both math anxiety and math performance. It includes the identification of primary characteristics of the studies,and also the effects of interventions. The findings are discussed in terms of the present state in the field of math anxiety, particularly its potential regulation or treatment.
Option Trading Activity, News Releases, and Stock Return Predictability
Authors: Weinbaum David , Fodor Andrew , Muravyev Dmitriy , Cremers Martijn
Published: September 2022

We examine which categories of option trading volume carry information about future stock prices around corporate news announcements. We predict and find that purchases of options are informative on news days and ahead of unscheduled events but not before scheduled events, and sales of options predict returns only ahead of scheduled news releases. Therefore, although the arrival of new information is an important reason why option volume predicts stock returns, this relation depends on whether the information is scheduled or unscheduled because only the former affects volatility and thus option prices. We also study how trading costs and margin costs affect ex post profitability around news.

This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.

Funding: D. Weinbaum gratefully acknowledges research support from the Harris Fellowship in Finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4543 .
Procurement Mechanisms with Post-Auction Pre-Award Cost-Reduction Investigations
Authors: Chen Qi (George) , Beil Damian R. , Duenyas Izak
Published: September 2022

Integrating Cost Reduction and Supplier Selection Activities

Manufacturers who outsource production may find ways to reduce suppliers’ cost to lower the contract price. Conventionally, this is done after supplier selection. However, in practice, a sizable portion of the degree to which the manufacturer can help a supplier reduce cost could be learned before the supplier starts production. This opens up a possibility to better integrate supplier selection and cost-reduction activities. In “Procurement Mechanisms with Postauction Preaward Cost-Reduction Investigations,” Chen, Beil, and Duenyas explore an alternative procurement process wherein, after suppliers’ initial pricing bids are collected, the manufacturer investigates suppliers’ cost-saving potential and then leverages this information to select the contract winner. They provide analytical and numerical evidence that this integrated procurement process not only helps the manufacturers reduce cost significantly, but also benefits the suppliers in many plausible scenarios.
The Health and Care Act and the future licensing of aesthetic practitioners providing non-surgical cosmetic procedures
Authors: Sines David
Published: September 2022

David Sines answers some frequently asked questions about the new licensing scheme
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB): a review for the prehospital clinician
Authors: Welch Théo
Published: September 2022

Background:

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a depressant of the central nervous system with euphoric effects. It is being increasingly used recreationally in the UK, despite associated morbidity and mortality. Because evidence is lacking, health professionals remain unsure as to the optimum management of GHB acute toxicity.

Methods:

A literature review was undertaken on GHB pharmacology and the emergency management of its acute toxicity.

Findings:

GHB is inexpensive and readily available over the internet. Treatment of GHB acute toxicity is supportive. Clinicians should pay attention to the airway as emesis is common. Mechanical ventilation is required in a minority of cases. Polydrug use is common and worsens prognosis.

Conclusion:

GHB is an inexpensive and readily available drug, and acute toxicity can be difficult to identify and treat. GHB acute toxicity is generally treated conservatively. Further research is needed to ascertain the indications for and the benefits and risks of intubating patients with GHB acute toxicity.
Evaluation of the porosity parameter for a perforated wall wind tunnel using measured wall pressure distributions
Authors: BURGHIU Mihaela , BURGHIU Adrian
Published: September 2022

The existing analytical methods for determining and correcting the effect of wind tunnel walls on experimental data are based on the hypothesis of potential flow. A useful simplification of the boundary conditions used to describe the perforated walls was to consider the wall as homogeneous, the solid and free portions not being treated separately, but as an equivalent permeable surface. The approximation of the wall behaviour during the experiment was possible by defining a porosity parameter. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the porosity parameter for the perforated walls of a trisonic wind tunnel by evaluating the pressure distributions measured on the walls of the test section.
Experimental Study of Flutter Characteristics of Selected Wing Plan forms for the Effect of Camber
Authors: VIHAR R. Sabari , JEYAN J. V. Muruga Lal , PRIYANKA K. Sai
Published: September 2022

This article focuses on understanding the effect of airfoil camber on the flutter characteristics of the wing. Experiments were conducted on four-wing models at different air velocities/ airspeeds and at different angles of attacks on wing models that are manufactured with the same span chord dimensions and also the same material. Accelerometers are attached to the wing tip on the leading and trailing edges to measure the change in value of acceleration with time using the Arduino and Arduino code. From the results obtained, it is observed that as the location of camber moves closer to the flexural axis, the flutter seems to be induced faster than otherwise.
Low Reynolds Number Flow Past Square Cylinder in the Vicinity of a Plane Wall
Authors: DAS Biranchi Narayana , UKAMANAL Manoj , HARICHANDAN Atal Bihari
Published: September 2022

The characteristics of flow over a square cylinder in the vicinity of a plane stationary wall have been numerically investigated. 2D time-dependent incompressible flow at low-Reynolds numbers of 100 and 200 has been calculated using the finite volume method. CFRUNS scheme is used for pressure-velocity coupling in numerical calculation. The authors have tried to make an attempt to analyze the features of the complex flow field through flow streamlines and the vorticity contours. The impact of the gap between the cylinder and the plane wall upon flow pattern behavior is also studied. An intense interaction between vorticity in the boundary layer generated over the plane wall and the vorticity associated with the shear layer emanating from the separation points on the cylinder surface has been observed producing a very complex flow field in the cylinder wake and the gap between the cylinder and the wall.
Guidance of Terminal Area Energy Management Trajectories for Re-entry Vehicles
Authors: MUNUSAMY Raja , STEPHEN Nithin , PRADHAN Anand , MENON Sarath
Published: September 2022

One of the most critical periods of a space-plane re-entry is the Terminal Area Energy Management (TAEM) phase, where performance utilizing on-board generation is required. The ability of an autonomous Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) to recover from unforeseen disruptions is considerably enhanced by on-board trajectory-generating capabilities. Contemporary guiding approaches can reduce operational expenses and design time by utilizing modern computer power and faster algorithms. Also, it is increase the RLV mission resilience and efficiency at the same time. In this paper, the complete method of how to control and land an RLV, using the guidance system and control algorithms during the TAEM phase of re-entry has been discussed. The paper has been produced after thorough research on the newer guidance techniques, control laws and the guidance algorithms which relate mainly to the TAEM phase.
Comparative study on two-constant-amplitude input shapers to maneuver flexible satellite in small structural deflection
Authors: PARMAN Setyamartana , MACHMUDAH Affiani , MINH Vu Trieu
Published: September 2022

The satellite attitude maneuver using thrusters is studied in this paper. The satellite consists of a rigid main body and two symmetrical solar panels that are so large that their flexibility cannot be neglected. The finite element method is used to discretize the elastic motion of the solar panels. The solar panels are modeled as a set of rectangular plate elements and only out-of-plane displacement is taken into account. The satellite is controlled by a thruster in its main body, while there are no other control inputs on the solar panels. For the attitude maneuver, the roll, pitch and yaw torques generated by the on-off thruster are used and here can produce two different constant amplitudes. Then two types of fuel-efficient input shaping are formulated and applied to perform satellite attitude correction. The first type of input LHHL is preceded by the use of a small amplitude torque followed by a large amplitude one, while the sequence of torque applied to the second type of input HLLH is the opposite of the first input. The two types of inputs are applied separately to the same satellite. They managed to dampen the residual vibrations after reaching the desired attitude, but in achieving this condition the solar panels experienced considerable deflection during the transient response. Due to this, the effectiveness of the shaped inputs for maneuvering the satellites at small structural deflections of the solar panels during their transient responses is compared. The simulation results show that the use of the LHHL input shaper can minimize the structural deflection that occurs in the transient response during the satellite attitude maneuvering process.
Evaluation of the hydraulic behavior of the composite hydraulic structure considering a bed flume with special obstacle
Authors: QASIM Rafi M. , ABDULHUSSEIN Ihsan A. , MOHAMMED Alya A. , MAATOOQ Qusay A.
Published: September 2022

The experimental simulation between the composite hydraulic structure and the found obstacles in the downstream region is a challenging process due to the energy losses and kinematic dissipation. The current work focuses on a comparative analysis of free flow conditions that exist without obstacles and submerged flow conditions that occur due to obstacles. It indicates the evaluation of hydraulic variables and geometrical variables of composite hydraulic structure for both flow conditions. In addition, it includes an investigation of the interaction among these variables. The hydraulic variables include actual discharge, flow velocity, flow cross-sectional area that crosses the gate, downstream water depth, discharge coefficient, Reynolds number and, Froude number, while the vertical distance between the weir and gate represents the geometry variable. The interference between the weir discharge and gate discharge plays a significant role in the result fluctuation and variation for both flow conditions, while the form and size of the obstacles only have a major effect on the submerged flow. For both flow conditions, the water depth is investigated; there would be a drastic increase in water depth by using obstacles in the downstream area as compared with not using the obstacles. This study adopts different obstacles in shape and size, therefore, the variation of maximum and minimum water levels related to the location will occur.
Fabrication and diameter analysis of a single-ended SMF tip structure
Authors: Choudhary Kuldeep , Kumar Santosh
Published: September 2022

Optical fiber technology combined with surface plasmon resonance enables rapid, precise
detection of chemical, biochemical, and biological parameters. Many
hybrid optical fiber structures have been suggested in recent decades
to increase the sensitivity of optical fiber biosensors. In this work,
an optical fiber tip structure is fabricated on single-mode fiber
(SMF) by etching in a hydrofluoric acid (40%) solution at room
temperature. The proposed method of tip formation utilizing wet
etching is efficient for fabricating the highly sensitive fiber
structures that are required for the development of optical
fiber-based biosensors. The diameter measurement of fabricated fiber
tip formation is done using a compound microscope.
Predicting the effects of defocus blur on contrast sensitivity with a
model-based metric of retinal image quality
Authors: Leroux Charles , Fontvieille Christophe , Leahy Conor , Marc Isabelle , Bardin Fabrice
Published: September 2022

We measure the effect of defocus blur on contrast sensitivity with Sloan letters in the 0.75–2.00 arc min range of letter gaps. We compare our results with the prediction of the Dalimier and Dainty model [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25, 2078 (2008)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.25.002078] and propose a new metric of retinal image quality that we define as the model limit for very small letters. The contrast sensitivity is measured for computationally blurred Sloan letters (0, 0.25, and 0.50 diopters for a 3 mm pupil) of different sizes (20/40 to 20/15 visual acuity), and subjects look through a small (2 mm) diaphragm to limit the impact of their own aberration on measurements. Measurements and model predictions, which are normalized by the blur-free condition, weakly depend on letter size and are in good agreement with our metric of retinal image quality. Our metric relates two approaches of modeling visual performance: complete modeling of the optotype classification task and calculation of retinal image quality with a descriptive metric.
Analytic solutions to closed and eclipsing aperture Z-scan power transmission: erratum
Authors: Jaatinen Esa , Namarathne Dinithi , Donaldson Robert
Published: September 2022

In our paper J. Opt.
Soc. Am. B 39, 1130
(2022)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.451595 there are
typographical mistakes and omissions in four mathematical expressions
that appear in Section 2.A of the published paper. This erratum
corrects those errors to allow the normalized power transmission to be
calculated correctly.
Color balanced transparent luminescent solar concentrator based on a polydimethylsiloxane polymer waveguide with coexisting polar and non-polar fluorescent dyes
Authors: Lee Chanyong , Cho Hyobeen , Ko Jongwon , Kim Seungkyu , Ko Yohan , Park Seaeun , Kang Yoonmook , Yun Yong Ju , Jun Yongseok
Published: September 2022

Color balance is a critical concept in the application of functional transparent polymers from a customer’s standpoint. In this study, multiple polar and non-polar fluorescent dyes are embedded simultaneously for the first time in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer matrix. Five dyes successfully coexist with the optimum blending ratio. Furthermore, simultaneous dispersing of polar and non-polar dyes in the polymer is achieved. Absorption and photoluminescence characteristics of multiple fluorescent dyes in PDMS medium are systemically deconvoluted and discussed. The competitive average visible transmittance and color balance of synthesized multi-fluorescent dye embedded PDMS is demonstrated by high color rendering index and CIE color space coordinates close to the white point. Additionally, the luminescent solar concentrator device demonstrates improved power conversion efficiency and light utilization efficiency than the pure PDMS waveguide-based device. Moreover, the long-term storage stability is demonstrated successfully. The findings, therefore, demonstrate the applicability of multi-fluorescent dye embedded PDMS to advanced transparent devices.
Anti-reflection coatings for epsilon-near-zero materials
Authors: Zhang Cissy , Akpan Usenobong , Di Falco Andrea , Schulz Sebastian A.
Published: September 2022

Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials have attracted much interest within the photonics community due to the various novel light-matter interactions that can occur in the ENZ regime. These materials display a large impedance mismatch between the ENZ material and free space, making it difficult to couple light into the medium at normal incidence. In this article, we demonstrate that enhanced light coupling into an ENZ metamaterial stack can be achieved via the design and fabrication of anti-reflection coatings, which are simple to fabricate via e-beam evaporation. The coating fabricated has been optimized not only to minimize reflection but also aims to maximize transmission — making these designs applicable to e.g. beam shaping applications. We achieve a transmission enhancement of 20% through our metamaterial over a 150 nm range and reflection minimization of 50% over a 200 nm range.
Simultaneous spectral recovery and CMOS micro-LED holography with an untrained deep neural network
Authors: Kang Iksung , de Cea Marc , Xue Jin , Li Zheng , Barbastathis George , Ram Rajeev J.
Published: September 2022

Lensless holography promises compact, low-cost optical apparatus
designs with similar performance to traditional imaging setups. Here,
we propose the use of a silicon micro-LED fabricated in a commercial
CMOS microelectronics process as the illumination source in a lensless
holographic microscope. Its small emission area
(

<

4

µ

m

2

) ensures high spatial
coherence without the need for a pinhole and results in a large NA
setup, circumventing the limits to the source-to-sample distance
encountered by conventional lensless holography apparatus. The scene
is reconstructed using an untrained deep neural network architecture
that simultaneously performs spectral recovery by learning from the
given single experimental diffraction intensity. We envision this
synergetic combination of CMOS micro-LEDs and the machine learning
framework can be used in other computational imaging applications,
such as a compact microscope for live-cell tracking or spectroscopic
imaging of biological materials.
Quantitative prediction of ensemble dynamics, shapes and contact propensities of intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Yu Lei , Brüschweiler Rafael
Published: September 2022

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are highly dynamic systems that play an important role in cell signaling processes and their misfunction often causes human disease. Proper understanding of IDP function not only requires the realistic characterization of their three-dimensional conformational ensembles at atomic-level resolution but also of the time scales of interconversion between their conformational substates. Large sets of experimental data are often used in combination with molecular modeling to restrain or bias models to improve agreement with experiment. It is shown here for the N-terminal transactivation domain of p53 (p53TAD) and Pup, which are two IDPs that fold upon binding to their targets, how the latest advancements in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations methodology produces native conformational ensembles by combining replica exchange with series of microsecond MD simulations. They closely reproduce experimental data at the global conformational ensemble level, in terms of the distribution properties of the radius of gyration tensor, and at the local level, in terms of NMR properties including 15N spin relaxation, without the need for reweighting. Further inspection revealed that 10–20% of the individual MD trajectories display the formation of secondary structures not observed in the experimental NMR data. The IDP ensembles were analyzed by graph theory to identify dominant inter-residue contact clusters and characteristic amino-acid contact propensities. These findings indicate that modern MD force fields with residue-specific backbone potentials can produce highly realistic IDP ensembles sampling a hierarchy of nano- and picosecond time scales providing new insights into their biological function.
A transcriptional cycling model recapitulates chromatin-dependent features of noisy inducible transcription
Authors: Bullock M. Elise , Moreno-Martinez Nataly , Miller-Jensen Kathryn
Published: September 2022

Activation of gene expression in response to environmental cues results in substantial phenotypic heterogeneity between cells that can impact a wide range of outcomes including differentiation, viral activation, and drug resistance. An important source of gene expression noise is transcriptional bursting, or the process by which transcripts are produced during infrequent bursts of promoter activity. Chromatin accessibility impacts transcriptional bursting by regulating the assembly of transcription factor and polymerase complexes on promoters, suggesting that the effect of an activating signal on transcriptional noise will depend on the initial chromatin state at the promoter. To explore this possibility, we simulated transcriptional activation using a transcriptional cycling model with three promoter states that represent chromatin remodeling, polymerase binding and pause release. We initiated this model over a large parameter range representing target genes with different chromatin environments, and found that, upon increasing the polymerase pause release rate to activate transcription, changes in gene expression noise varied significantly across initial promoter states. This model captured phenotypic differences in activation of latent HIV viruses integrated at different chromatin locations and mediated by the transcription factor NF-κB. Activating transcription in the model via increasing one or more of the transcript production rates, as occurs following NF-κB activation, reproduced experimentally measured transcript distributions for four different latent HIV viruses, as well as the bimodal pattern of HIV protein expression that leads to a subset of reactivated virus. Importantly, the parameter ‘activation path’ differentially affected gene expression noise, and ultimately viral activation, in line with experimental observations. This work demonstrates how upstream signaling pathways can be connected to biological processes that underlie transcriptional bursting, resulting in target gene-specific noise profiles following stimulation of a single upstream pathway.
Patterns of asymmetry and energy cost generated from predictive simulations of hemiparetic gait
Authors: Johnson Russell T. , Bianco Nicholas A. , Finley James M.
Published: September 2022

Hemiparesis, defined as unilateral muscle weakness, often occurs in people post-stroke or people with cerebral palsy, however it is difficult to understand how this hemiparesis affects movement patterns as it often presents alongside a variety of other neuromuscular impairments. Predictive musculoskeletal modeling presents an opportunity to investigate how impairments affect gait performance assuming a particular cost function. Here, we use predictive simulation to quantify the spatiotemporal asymmetries and changes to metabolic cost that emerge when muscle strength is unilaterally reduced and how reducing spatiotemporal symmetry affects metabolic cost. We modified a 2-D musculoskeletal model by uniformly reducing the peak isometric muscle force unilaterally. We then solved optimal control simulations of walking across a range of speeds by minimizing the sum of the cubed muscle excitations. Lastly, we ran additional optimizations to test if reducing spatiotemporal asymmetry would result in an increase in metabolic cost. Our results showed that the magnitude and direction of effort-optimal spatiotemporal asymmetries depends on both the gait speed and level of weakness. Also, the optimal speed was 1.25 m/s for the symmetrical and 20% weakness models but slower (1.00 m/s) for the 40% and 60% weakness models, suggesting that hemiparesis can account for a portion of the slower gait speed seen in people with hemiparesis. Modifying the cost function to minimize spatiotemporal asymmetry resulted in small increases (~4%) in metabolic cost. Overall, our results indicate that spatiotemporal asymmetry may be optimal for people with hemiparesis. Additionally, the effect of speed and the level of weakness on spatiotemporal asymmetry may help explain the well-known heterogenous distribution of spatiotemporal asymmetries observed in the clinic. Future work could extend our results by testing the effects of other neuromuscular impairments on optimal gait strategies, and therefore build a more comprehensive understanding of the gait patterns observed in clinical populations.
ceRNAR: An R package for identification and analysis of ceRNA-miRNA triplets
Authors: Hsiao Yi-Wen , Wang Lin , Lu Tzu-Pin
Published: September 2022

Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) represents a novel mechanism of gene regulation that controls several biological and pathological processes. Recently, an increasing number of in silico methods have been developed to accelerate the identification of such regulatory events. However, there is still a need for a tool supporting the hypothesis that ceRNA regulatory events only occur at specific miRNA expression levels. To this end, we present an R package, ceRNAR, which allows identification and analysis of ceRNA-miRNA triplets via integration of miRNA and RNA expression data. The ceRNAR package integrates three main steps: (i) identification of ceRNA pairs based on a rank-based correlation between pairs that considers the impact of miRNA and a running sum correlation statistic, (ii) sample clustering based on gene-gene correlation by circular binary segmentation, and (iii) peak merging to identify the most relevant sample patterns. In addition, ceRNAR also provides downstream analyses of identified ceRNA-miRNA triplets, including network analysis, functional annotation, survival analysis, external validation, and integration of different tools. The performance of our proposed approach was validated through simulation studies of different scenarios. Compared with several published tools, ceRNAR was able to identify true ceRNA triplets with high sensitivity, low false-positive rates, and acceptable running time. In real data applications, the ceRNAs common to two lung cancer datasets were identified in both datasets. The bridging miRNA for one of these, the ceRNA for MAP4K3, was identified by ceRNAR as hsa-let-7c-5p. Since similar cancer subtypes do share some biological patterns, these results demonstrated that our proposed algorithm was able to identify potential ceRNA targets in real patients. In summary, ceRNAR offers a novel algorithm and a comprehensive pipeline to identify and analyze ceRNA regulation. The package is implemented in R and is available on GitHub (https://github.com/ywhsiao/ceRNAR).