bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimasi Kendaraan Truk pada Jalan Poros Malino Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Lutfie Mukhtar , Samang Lawalenna , Adisasmita Sakti Adji , Ramli Muhammad Isran
Published: February 2020

Seiring bertambahnya kendaraan truk mempunyai peran signifikan dalam pengangkutan material bangunan untuk kebutuhan pembangunan infrastruktur di wilayah Sulawesi Selatan. Namun demikian, pengoperasian truk pada jaringan jalan perkotaan untuk kegiatan tersebut, telah membawa isu permasalahan dampak lingkungan berupa peningkatan emisi kendaraan. Sebagai studi terhadap permasalahan ini, maka makalah ini berfokus untuk menganalisis komposisi truk terhadap lalu lintas pada jalan Poros Malino Gowa-Makassar. Studi ini telah melakukan survei pencacahan volume lalu lintas kendaraan truk selama 12 jam dari pukul 06:00 hingga pukul 18:00. Hasil survei tersebut diekstraksi untuk mendapatkan estimasi kendaraan truk dalam sehari. Analisis lebih lanjut terhadap komposisi jenis truk sepanjang hari dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis statistik untuk melihat fenomena dominasi jenis truk yang disurvei. Berdasarkan data di atas dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat komposisi jenis kendaraan truk Engkel Tunggal 2,68,%, Engkel Ganda 84,00%, Trintin 0,00%, Tronton 12,64%, dan Trinton 0,38%. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa persentase jenis truk tertinggi jumlahnya dan mendominasi truk lainnya adalah kendaraan truk Engkel Ganda.
Desain Sistem Refrigerated Sea Water (RSW) pada Kapal Ikan Pelat Datar 10 GT
Authors: Zulkifli Zulkifli , Baharuddin Baharuddin , Sitepu Andi Husni , Farid Muhammad
Published: February 2020

Desain sistem RSW dalam penelitian ini ditujukan untuk penerapan di kapal ikan Pelat Datar berlisensi berkapasitas 10 GT. Desain badan kapal ini merupakan sebuah terobosan baru karena badan/lambung kapal dibuat tanpa ada lekukan pelat samasekali. Badan kapal terbuat dari baja dengan proses pembuatan terbilang singkat, berbiaya murah sehingga layak digunakan oleh nelayan lokal/tradisional di Indonesia. Refrigerated Sea Water (RSW) adalah sebuah sistem pendingin dengan sistem sirkulasi air laut yang didinginkan oleh refrigerator. Komponen utama RSW terdiri dari kompresor, kondensor, evaporator dan refrigeran. Hasil desain RSW untuk kapal ikan pelat datar meliputi; penetuan ketebalan dan jenis isolasi palka, pemilihan sistem dan jenis refrigeran, perancangan dan pemilihan komponen utama RSW, penentuan keyplan serta layout sistem RSW. Hasil desain RSW ditujukan untuk mempertahankan suhu ruangan palka ikan sebesar 5 °C, bobot muatan ikan sekitar 12,276 ton ikan tuna dengan durasi operasi selama 24 jam.
Efektivitas Ruang Terbuka Publik pada Klaster Perumahan Komunitas Berpagar (Perumahan Bukit Baruga Kota Makassar)
Authors: Hasanuddin Wahyudi Hasfi , Wunas Shirly , Asmal Idawarni
Published: February 2020

Komunitas Berpagar (Gated Community) merupakan kawasan permukiman dengan akses terbatas membuat ruang publik menjadi privat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi dan ketersediaan serta efektivitas ruang terbuka publik yang ada pada permukiman berkarakter Gated Community di Kota Makassar berdasarkan pengguna dan aktivitasnya dengan menggunakan metode campuran (mix methode) untuk mengamati dan menganalis data. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan metode GPSI (Good Public Space Index). Hasil Penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa : (1) Ketersediaan Ruang Terbuka Publik dalam Perumahan Bukit Baruga khususnya dalam Klaster Borneo telah memenuhi standar dengan luas 1.190 m2 dengan jumlah warga 628 orang (Syarat minimal 1 m2/orang, berdasarkan Permen PU Nomor 05/PRT/M/2008); (2) Efektifitas penggunaan ruang terbuka publik berdasarkan analisis GPSI dari variabel Intensitas dan Durasi Penggunaannya adalah tidak efektif, sedangkan berdasarkan variabel Penggunaannya secara Berkelompok, Keragaman Penggunanya, serta Keragaman Karakteristik Penggunanya adalah efektif. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan evaluasi ruang terbuka pada komunitas berpagar sehingga efektifitas penggunaan ruang terbuka dapat tercapai secara maksimal.
Strategi Pengembangan Infrastruktur Energi Listrik untuk Mewujudkan Makassar Sustainable City
Authors: Pratama Ichsan Caesar , Jinca Muhammad Yamin , Sutopo Yashinta Kumala Dewi
Published: February 2020

Kota Makassar merupakan salah satu kota metropolitan yang memiliki aktivitas perekonomian yang padat. Peningkatan ekonomi sejalan dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk sehingga penggunaan energi yang dibutuhkan meningkat secara signifikan. Penelitian ini bersifat riset and development dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan dan ketersediaan infrastruktur energi listrik di Kota Makassar dan memberikan strategi pengembangan energi baru terbarukan untuk mewujudkan sustainable city di Kota Makassar. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi dokumen, observasi, wawancara, dan pengisian kuesioner. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan ekonomi untuk mengetahui arah pembangunan Kota Makassar. Analisis pertumbuhan pengguna listrik dan forecasting supply-demand untuk mendapatkan total pengguna serta kebutuhan listrik. Analisis spasial dan penyediaan energi terbarukan untuk mengetahui lokasi dan kapasitas serta efektivitas sumber energi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan karakteristik kebutuhan energi listrik Kota Makassar terdiri dari sektor rumah tangga, bisnis, publik, dan industri. Kota Makassar memiliki kapasitas pembangkit sebesar 1.686 MW, terdiri dari energi konvensional sebesar 60% dan energi baru terbarukan sebesar 40% dengan efektivitas penggunaan sebesar 94,84%. Tahun 2018 energi listrik mengalami defisit sebesar 125,99 MW dan 5.759,56 MW pada tahun 2037. Untuk mengantisipasi peningkatan kebutuhan yang melebihi persediaan energi listrik dilakukan strategi pengembangan pemenuhan energi jangka panjang. Periode (2017-2022) dibutuhkan pembangkit listrik sebesar 12,8%, periode (2022-2027) sebesar 18,8%, periode (2027-2032) sebesar 27,7%, dan periode (2032-2037) sebesar 40,7%. Strategi pengembangan energi terbarukan dilakukan dengan transformasi energi konvensional menjadi energi baru terbarukan menjadi 80%. Strategi penerapan energi baru terbarukan yang digunakan yaitu energi gas alam, biomassa, dan energi ombak.
Uji Pengaruh Energi Rapid Impact Compaction terhadap Tingkat Kepadatan Tanah Timbunan
Authors: Rokhman Rokhman , Samang Lawalenna , Harianto Tri
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis pengaruh energi pemadatan metode Rapid Impact Compaction (RIC) terhadap karakteristik pemadatan pada tanah timbunan. Metode yang digunakan adalah model alat RIC hasil pengembangan di Laboratorium Mekanika Tanah Universitas Hasunuddin dimana alat ini di kendalikan secara elektro-mekanis. Proses pemadatan dilakukan dengan memvariasikan jumlah tumbukan untuk variasi energi pemadatan. Dimana berat beban penumbuk 70 kg dan tinggi jatuh 15 cm. Untuk uji elemen menggunakan mould berdiameter 15 cm dan tinggi 25 cm sedangkan uji model mengunakan bak uji berdiameter 80 cm dan tinggi 120 cm. Untuk menguji tingkat kepadatan menggunakan DCP Test, CBR Test dan Sandcone Test. Hasil pengujian mendapatkan adanya pegaruh  energi pemadatan terhadap nilai CBR dan berat isi kering tanah. Hubungan antara perbandingan  energi pemadatan RIC terhadap energi pemadatan standar proctor memenuhi persamaan ϒd RIC = 0,0915 (ESP) + 1,046. Dari grafik didapatkan titik perpotongan yang merupakan titik optimum energi RIC untuk mendapatkan kepadatan sesuai energi pemadatan proctor.  Dalam pengujian ini didapatkan titik optimum energinya sebesar  2.01 ESP terhadap pemadatan standar proctor dan 3.32 ESP terhadap modified proctor. Pada pengujian pemadatan RIC model pada kumulatif jumlah tumbukan sebanyak 90 kali tanah tidak mengalami penurunan. Evaluasi kinerja hasil pemadatan RIC didapat nilai Relatif Compaction (Rc) sebesar 95 %.
Essential oil and thymol of ajwain as effective antioxidant agents
Authors: Gaba J , Sharma S , Kaur P , Joshi S
Published: February 2020

Ajwain is an essential herbal plant with many health and medicinal values. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of ajwain was carried out to determine total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins and tannin content. The phytochemical contents were in the order saponins > tannins > flavonoids > phenolics. Essential oil was extracted and chromatographed for the major constituent thymol which was further characterized with spectral techniques. Further, role of essential oil of ajwain seeds and its major compound thymol for antioxidant activity in respect of total antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging potential were worked out. Out of thymol and ajwain oil, former was found to be more effective antioxidant at all tested concentrations. Inhibition concentrations (IC50) of oil, thymol and ascorbic acid were found to be 1.87, 1.46 and 0.01 mg mL-1, respectively. Results suggest that ajwain and thymol can be used as natural substitutes to synthetic antioxidants in preservation of various food products.
Innovation and Performance: The Contribution of Investments in R&D to Firm Profitability According to the Technological Frontier
Authors: Andrade Rocha Leonardo , Querido Cardenas Leonardo , Tortato Ubiratã , Santos Póvoa Angela Cristiane , Araújo Silva Napiê Galvê
Published: February 2020

This study analyses the influence of innovative efforts, measured by R&D investments, on the financial performance of firms, considering its position in relation to the technological frontier. Recent researches, especially Aghion & Howitt, 2009; Aghion, Akcigit, & Howitt, 2013, have demonstrated that the firm's technological position has a strong impact on the results of the applied investment, since the structure of incentives and potential opportunity costs influence the relation between the variables. For this purpose, the present study uses the frontier analysis with order-α partial frontiers, aiming to capture fluctuations of proximity to the border and its influence on the relation "R & D investment versus performance". Such approach allows different frontiers to be estimated for different quantiles, which provides a more consistent estimate of efficiency scores, which become more robust in relation to traditional problems of outliers and dimensionality. The sample of this article was made up of 2.000 firms and the data needed for the survey was extracted from the European Commission, a database covering 40 sectors in 46 countries. The results of the model suggest that the more efficient firms or the ones situated on the efficiency frontier achieve more profits from the same level of R&D investment compared with less efficient firms. This influence of proximity to the frontier emphasizes that the most efficient firms use the investments in R&D in order to obtain greater returns, what can explain that innovation is not shown uniform among firms.
БЮДЖЕТУВАННЯ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ФІНАНСОВОГО ПЛАНУВАННЯ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ
Authors: Kalchenko Olga , Odnolko Yana
Published: February 2020

Новітні умови господарювання зумовлюють посилення ролі бюджетування та висувають якісно нові вимоги до його практичного застосування на вітчизняних підприємствах, що потребує розвитку теоретичних засад щодо сутнісного розуміння системи бюджетування. З метою систематизації та поглиблення наукових знань за цією проблемою в статті сформульовано зміст поняття «бюджетування», визначено його роль у системі фінансового управління. На основі досліджень та узагальнень праць закордонних та вітчизняних учених сформульовано об’єкт, предмет, цілі та завдання бюджетування, а також його функції з метою формування цілісного уявлення про нього як економічну категорію, обґрунтовано переваги його впровадження для сучасних підприємств.
Role and significance of asprosin in feeding behaviour and metabolism
Authors: Salimkhanov Rustam H. , Sharifullin Vladislav R. , Kushnareva Yulia R. , Kade Azamat Kh. , Polyakov Pavel P.
Published: February 2020

This article presents a review of available information on asprosin — a hormone of white adipose tissue discovered in 2016. The history of its discovery, as well as its action mechanisms and main targets are examined. Changes in the plasma level of asprosin under some pathological conditions are analysed. The importance of studying asprosin is determined by its functions: asprosin regulates physiological processes during fasting and plays an important role in the development of metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance. There are relatively few studies concerned with asprosin; however, this hormone can already be considered as a diagnostic marker and a potential target in the treatment of certain metabolic disorders, e.g. diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Paper-Based Low Cost Optical Filter
Authors: Tripathi Ajay , Rawat Rajesh , Tiwari Archana
Published: February 2020

We report simple and inexpensive technique using several sheets of white paper for filtering the blue and non-blue radiation of a white light emitting diode source in the transmission mode. We visibly illustrate successful rejection of specific energy of white light by the filtering papers through absorption mechanism where weak transmission of blue and red radiations are observed. In addition, photoluminescence arising from the papers in near infrared region is also presented while using the white light excitation. Owing to the presence of different whitening agents in the papers, selective absorption and divergent coloured emission from the sheets are observed.
Anion Templated Crystal Engineering of Halogen Bonding Tripodal Tris(halopyridinium) Compounds
Authors: Foyle Emer , White Nicholas
Published: February 2020

In this work four new tripodal tris(halopyridinium) receptors containing potentially halogenbonding groups were prepared. The ability of the receptors to bind anions in competitiveCD3CN/d6-DMSO was studied using 1H NMR titration experiments, which revealed that thereceptors bind chloride anions more strongly than more basic acetate or other halide ions.The solid state self–assembly of the tripodal receptors with halide anions was investigated byX-ray crystallography. The nature of the structures was dependent on the choice of halideanion, as well as the crystallisation solvent. Halogen bond lengths as short as 80% of the sumof the van der Waals radii were observed, which is shorter than any halogen bonds involvinghalopyridinium receptors in the Cambridge Structural Database.
Illuminating the Impact of Nanoparticle Size and Surface Chemistry on Interfacial Position
Authors: Giakoumatos Emma , Aloi Antonio , Voets Ilja
Published: February 2020

In this manuscript we begin by preparing bulk Pickering emulsions of water:octanol at varying aqueous pH values, using ionizable carboxyl polystyrene nanoparticles of 320 nm and 810 nm diameter. Remarkably we observe two emulsion phase inversions, one resulting from an increase in pH and a second due to an increase in particle size. To illuminate the mechanism of the macroscopic phase inversion, we turn to the super resolution microscopy technique interface Point Accumulation for Imaging and Nanoscale Topography (iPAINT) to measure in-situ the contact angles of single carboxyl polystyrene particles at the water:octanol interface. Importantly, we identify a significant decrease in contact angle over the increase of pH and particle diameter, respectively. Additionally, the non-negligible dependence of contact angle on particle size was shown to hold regardless of particle surface chemistry.
Modeling the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Diaryl Sulfate Diesters: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Szeler Klaudia , Williams Nicholas , Hengge Alvan C. , Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn
Published: February 2020

Phosphate and sulfate esters have important roles as biological building blocks and in regulating cellular processes. However, while there has been substantial experimental and computational investigation of the mechanisms and the transition states involved in phosphate ester hydrolysis, there is far less (in particular computational) work on sulfate ester hydrolysis. Here, we report a detailed computational study of the alkaline hydrolysis of diaryl sulfate diesters, using different DFT functionals and both pure implicit solvation as well as mixed implicit/explicit solvation with varying numbers of explicit water molecules. We consider both the impact of how the system is modeled on computed linear free energy relationships (LFER) and the nature of the transition states. Although our calculations consistently underestimate the absolute activation free energies, we obtain good agreement with experimental LFER data when using pure implicit solvent, and excellent agreement with experimental kinetic isotope effects for all models used. Our calculations suggest that the hydrolysis of sulfate diesters proceeds through loose transition states, with minimal bond formation to the nucleophile and with bond cleavage to the leaving group already initiated. Comparison to prior work indicates that these transition states are similar in nature to those of analogous reactions such as the alkaline hydrolysis of neutral arylsulfonate monoesters or charged phosphate diesters and fluorophosphates. Obtaining more detailed insight into the transition states involved assists in understanding the selectivity of enzymes that hydrolyze these reactions; however, this work also highlights the methodological challenges involved in reliably modeling sulfate ester hydrolysis.
Highly Sensitive Person dan Dampaknya terhadap Kesehatan Mental
Authors: Natalia Jovanka Ris , Bernathsius Joshualdi
Published: February 2020

Highly Sensitive Person atau HSP adalah sifat yang diasosiasikan dengan sensitivitas dan responsitivitas yang lebih tinggi terhadap stimulus dari internal maupun eksternal, lingkungan maupun sosial. Sifat ini dimiliki oleh 20% populasi manusia dan diturunkan secara gentik. Faktor yang berperan dalam terjadinya HSP diketahui adalah genetik dan lingkungan. Aktivitas otak pada HSP lebih tinggi daripada non-HSP hal ini akan menyebabkan overstimulasi pada otak sehingga pada HSP membutuhkan periode istirahat, dan overstimulasi ini seringkali diikuti oleh ketidakmampuan mengontrol emosi sehingga menyebabkan HSP lebih mudah mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental diantaranya adalah depresi, ansietas, dan stress. Tujuan dari artikel literature review ini adalah untuk mengenal tentang HSP, apa perbedaan HSP dengan non-HSP, bagaimana cara mengetahui individu dengan HSP, dan pengaruh HSP terhadap kesehatan mental. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah penelusuran artikel melalui database NCBI dan Google Scholar, lalu artikel dipilih dengan meninjau judul dan abstrak artikel. Tahun penerbitan sumber pustaka adalah dari tahun 2011 sampai 2019. Hasil dari berbagai artikel yang dicantumkan dalam artikel ini untuk menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara HSP dengan gangguan kesehatan mental seperti depresi, ansietas, dan stres. Kata kunci : highly sensitive person, depresi, ansietas, stres HIGHLY SENSITIVE PERSON AND ITS EFFECT ON MENTAL HEALTH ABSTRACTHighly Sensitive Person or HSP is a trait associated with higher sensitivity and responsiveness to internal and external stimuli, environmental and social. This trait found in 20% of human population and genetically inherited. Factors that play a role in the occurrence of  HSP are known to be genetic and environmental. Brain activity in HSP is higher than non-HSP, this will cause overstimulation of the brain so the HSP requires resting period, and this overstimulation often followed by inability to control emotion that cause HSP more vulnerable to mental health problem such as depression, anxiety, and stress. The purpose of this literature review article is to get to know about HSP, the difference between HSP and non-HSP, how to know the individuals with HSP, and HSPs effects on mental health. The method used in this article uses a review of articles from NCBI and Google Scholar databases, then the article are selected by reviewing the article titles and abstracts. The year of publication of these articles are from 2011 to 2019. The results of various articles included in this article are to show the correlations between HSP and mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Keywords : highly sensitive person, depression, anxiety, stress
Análisis de las funciones del trabajador social escolar en España
Authors: Romea Ana C. , Valero Errazu Diana , Palain Pescador Aranzazu
Published: February 2020

El trabajo social en el ámbito escolar es un terreno todavía relativamente desconocido en España, sin embargo, tiene más de 100 años de historia en países como Estados Unidos. Sí que es conocido que la educación es uno de los campos del trabajo social y es evidente su repercusión directa a todos los niveles, desde el individual al familiar, pasando por diferentes grupos sociales que desde la escuela se conforman, así como por el nivel comunitario. Es un hecho que, según la normativa educativa vigente, se pueden encontrar trabajadores sociales en los colegios e institutos, pero en España raramente se concreta en la figura específica del trabajador social escolar. En el presente trabajo hacemos una revisión del trabajo social escolar en España, para dar luz a una faceta de la profesión invisibilizada y todavía negada por gran parte de los profesionales, que siguen confundiéndola con la labor de psicólogos y orientadores escolares.  Para ello, examinamos la evolución legislativa que ha tenido el papel del trabajador social en el ámbito educativo, además de analizar sus funciones desde los ámbitos y modelos de intervención del trabajo social.
On the value of general pedagogy practice in teacher education: A proposal of teaching practice tasks
Authors: Aleksandrowska Olga , Gilis-Siek Joanna
Published: February 2020

The aim of the present paper is to explore the value of general pedagogy practice in educating pre-service teachers of English. In the first part of the paper, the discussion begins with a brief overview of some key concepts related to the teaching profession, teacher education and teaching practice. The major functions of teaching practice, with specific focus on general pedagogy practice, are examined in the light of the Regulation by the Minister of Science and Higher Education of 17 January 2012 on Educational Standards in Preparation for the Teaching Profession (2012). Furthermore, selected models and concepts of organising teaching practice at different Polish teacher training institutions are outlined. The second part of the paper is devoted to presenting an organisational framework of the general pedagogy practice at the Institute of English and American Studies, Gdańsk University. A proposal of a series of teaching practice tasks is put forward along with suggested content of the portfolio documenting trainees’ field experience. The paper closes with some recommendations for improving the quality of the university practicum programmes.
Acute hepatitis C infection among adults with HIV in the Netherlands between 2003 and 2016: a capture–recapture analysis for the 2013 to 2016 period
Authors: Boender T. Sonia , Op de Coul Eline , Arends Joop , Prins Maria , van der Valk Marc , van der Meer Jan T.M. , van Benthem Birgit , Reiss Peter , Smit Colette
Published: February 2020

Background

With regards to the global strategy towards eliminating viral hepatitis, reliable surveillance systems are essential to assess the national response for eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Aim

We aimed to assess the completeness of the two national registries with data on acute HCV infection in people with HIV, and estimated the number of acute HCV infections among adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with HIV in the Netherlands.

Methods

In this observational study, cases of HCV infection and reinfection among adults with a positive or unknown HIV-serostatus were identified from 2003 to 2016 in two national registries: the ATHENA cohort and the National Registry for Notifiable Diseases. For 2013–2016, cases were linked, and two-way capture–recapture analysis was carried out.

Results

During 2013–2016, there were an estimated 282 (95% confidence interval (CI): 264–301) acute HCV infections among adults with HIV. The addition of cases with an unknown HIV-serostatus increased the matches (from n = 107 to n = 129), and subsequently increased the estimated total: 330 (95%CI: 309–351). Under-reporting was estimated at 14–20%.

Conclusion

Under-reporting of acute HCV infection among people with HIV could partially be explained by an unknown HIV-serostatus, or by differences in HCV stage (acute or chronic) at first diagnosis. Surveillance data should ideally include both acute and chronic HCV infections, and enable to distinguish these as well as initial- and re-infections. National surveillance of acute HCV can be improved by increased notification of infections.
Gamma Radiated Wheat for Combating Devastating Blast Disease (Magnaporthe Oryzae Triticum) In Bangladesh
Authors: -Or-Rashid MD.Harun , Meah M. Bahadur , Uddin Md. Imtiaz , Ahmed Sharif , Kashem Md. Abul
Published: February 2020

Wheat is a global food security crop, providing 20 percent of protein and calories consumed worldwide and up to 50 percent in developing countries. It is the second most important cereal next to rice in Bangladesh and playing an important role in attaining food security. But wheat is very susceptible to diseases that often place major biological constraints on production. In 2016, a new wheat disease called “blast” was identified by wheat scientists for the first time in Bangladesh. Wheat blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae triticum is causing enormous yield loss worldwide. At present, control of blast disease is a great challenge due to frequently introduction of new races of the pathogen. The present investigation focused on screening M2 population of gamma radiated wheat where four doses of radiations viz. 150 Gy, 200 Gy, 250 Gy, and 300 Gy were applied to the seeds of three wheat varieties viz. BARI Gom-25, BARI Gom-29 and BARI Gom-30 from a Cobalt 60 source (Gamma Chamber 5000). The irradiated seeds were sown in farmers’ fields of a wheat blast disease-prone area Chandbil, Meherpur Sadar. All the doses of irradiation showed a significant effect on incidence and severity of wheat blast disease in all three varieties. Among the treatments 200 Gy and 250 Gy reduced the disease effectively. Molecular detection of Magnaporthe oryzae triticum was also done using specific primer. The size of the band (350 bp) confirms the infection of M2 families by Magnaporthe oryzae triticum. Development of wheat blast resistant variety through irradiation could be a potential substitute to replace the available chemical control methods and it is described as eco-friendly, sustainable and nonhazardous strategy to reduce wheat yield loss due to blast disease.
Retrospective Study on the Occurrence of Reportable Priority Cattle Diseases in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Oyda Semayat , Abebe Rahmeto , Megersa Bekele
Published: February 2020

A retrospective study was conducted between October 2016 and March 2017 in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) to identify major reportable cattle disease outbreaks. The retrospective study was based on a nine years (2007-2015) cattle disease outbreak report data retrieved from the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MoLF) data bases. The retrospective study revealed that of the 15,840 disease outbreak reports expected from SNNPRS, only 1,578 (11%) reports were submitted to MoLF during the nine years’ time. According to the data retrieved from MoLF, a total of 1,496 cattle disease outbreaks with 44,646 morbidity cases and 4,709 mortalities were recorded in SNNPRS over the nine years period. The outbreaks were caused by blackleg (40.6%), hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) (26.3%), lumpy skin disease (LSD) (16%), anthrax (11.4%), foot and mouth disease (FMD) (4.7%), contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) (0.8%) and rabies (0.3%) in decreasing order of their proportion. LSD was responsible for the highest proportion of morbidity cases (35.9%) followed by FMD (26.2%) while blackleg and LSD were the leading causes of cattle mortalities, which accounted for 31% and 30.2% of the deaths recorded, respectively. In contrast, the lowest number of outbreaks, morbidity and mortality of cattle was caused by rabies. Disease outbreaks were occurred in all the seasons of the year; however, relatively higher number of outbreaks (30.7%) was recorded in early dry season (September to November).

In conclusion, the retrospective study has shown a very low level of disease outbreak reporting rate in SNNPRS, which may be due to misreporting or no outbreak of diseases.
Effects of Time of Earthing Up on Yield and Yield Parameters of Irish Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) in Zaka District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Sakadzo Nyasha , Tafirenyika Fortune , Makaza Kasirayi
Published: February 2020

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is a strategic national food security crop in that can be used as a supplement for carbohydrates. It is the fastest growing staple food crop and source of income for poor smallholder farmers. There is limited documentation on effects of earthing up irish potatoes on yield and yield components in Zimbabwe. A field experiment was conducted in Zaka district of Masvingo province in Zimbabwe during the 2018/19 cropping season. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of time of earthing up on yield and yield parameters of BP1 potato variety. The treatments consisted of four levels of time of earthing up (no earthing up (control), three, four and five weeks after plant emergence), replicated three times on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results on earthing-up at three weeks recorded significantly (P<0.013) the highest total tuber yield (21.97 t ha-1) which is 10% higher compared to no earthing up which recorded 14.43 t ha-1. Moreover, earthing up at two weeks had the least number of greening tuber yield (3%), 11% pest damaged tuber yield, 6% unmarketable tuber yield and 45% marketable tuber yield. This is in contrast with no earthing up which recorded 91% greening tuber yield, 25.3% on pest damaged tubers, 59% on unmarketable tubers and 10% marketable tuber yield. Based on the results, first earthing up should be done at three weeks after complete plant emergence at the study area under rain fed conditions for the production of potatoes with improved yield and better tuber quality.
A Review on Embryonic Development of Inland Fishes of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Md. Borhan Uddin , Sifat Jobayda , Rabbi Md. Fazla , Islam Md. Ashraful , Rafin H.M. Al Kabid , Uddin Md. Kamal
Published: February 2020

The early developmental pattern of inland fishes of Bangladesh are not well studied though it has a great importance in fisheries and aquaculture sector. The embryonic study provides interesting information on further growth and health of the fish and considered as an essential component for optimization of fish seed production by natural and induced breeding. Therefore, the current review work has been undertaken to provide a detail information on embryonic development of important inland fishes of Bangladesh. Information was collected from published scientific papers, un-published Masters and PhD dissertations from universities, popular articles and other published and grey literature. Diameters of unfertilized egg of the reviewed fish species were found to be 0.5 to 1.3 mm and fertilized egg were 0.49 to 1.6 mm. Shapes of the egg were also variable from species to species. There is little information available on egg activation and egg micropyle of fish species of Bangladesh. The fertilization rate of different fishes ranged from 40.1% to 93.9%. There are different stages of early development in different species and time needs to complete the stages also vary. The timing of post hatching development by metamorphosis was found to vary based on the fish species from several days to weeks. Different factors like temperature, photoperiod, DO, seasonality and presence of chemicals in water were found to affect the early development of fish. The review included eighteen inland fishes and unearthed useful insights of their embryonic development and influence of different factors. As we expect, the outcome of the study would provide a baseline and would be very useful in conducting further research on the embryology of indigenous fishes of Bangladesh.
Quantitative Assessment of Hab Watershed Using Geoinformatics
Authors: Sadaf Rakhshanda , Ramoelo Abel , Nabi khan Rana Zain , Younes Isma , Zafar Haris
Published: February 2020

Morphometric assessment of the watersheds is considered highly critical to appraise its hydrological characteristics, such as, general geology, structure, geomorphology and climate conditions. In this study, morphometric analysis of Hab Watershed has been carried out through Geospatial Technology (RS & GIS) in a systematic manner to examine its Geo-hydrological characteristics. The drainage network of Hab is typically dendritic and semi-dendritic indicating its heterogeneous lithology. Recent study reveals increase in stream order, substantially decreases the stream total length. drainage density of the Hab Watershed indicates the characteristics of its typical soil. Drainage texture value for Hab watershed is 0.18. Low drainage density value reveals that the region has a permeable and porous subsurface material with low relief. The shape of the basin has been observed as quite elongated. The findings of this study reveal that GIS based morphometric analysis is highly effective tool for geo-hydrological study of watersheds.
Geo-Spatial Heat Index and Comfort Analysis of Port Harcourt City: An Approach to Environmental Health Care Delivery
Authors: Peace Nwaerema , Diagi Bridget Edewede , Suzan Ajiere
Published: February 2020

This research examined the geo-spatial heat index and comfort analysis of Port Harcourt city as an approach to environmental health care delivery. Temperature data were generated from different land use types across days of the week in both wet (April to September) and dry (October to March) seasons. Heat index was derived when air temperature and dew point temperature of the locations were corresponded in the heat index chart or data logger calculator. Findings indicate that the city had experienced danger levels of discomfort above 41oC in the late dry season of January, February and March showing that heat cramps and heat exhaustion as well as heat stroke were probably to occur with continued activity of a person. On the other hand, early dry season of October, November and December had the best human comfort period of < 26.7oC temperature except Thursday and Friday with caution level of 27 to 32°C in the city of Port Harcourt; though fatigue was possible as prolonged exposure could result to heat cramps. High residential/commercial and administrative/industrial land uses had the highest human discomfort indicating that those living in these land use types would suffer extreme hazard of heat stroke. However, recreation and rural sites were the most comfortable land use types. Young children and old people are generally in more danger to the heat effects as the city has exceeded the 27oC thermal comfort threshold. It is therefore recommended that city planners and development practitioners should implement urban green policy of tree planting with special attention to residential/commercial and administrative/industrial areas without further delay in order to cushion the deadly menace of urban heat in Port Harcourt city and its environs.
Total Quality Management at Algerian Higher Education Institutions to Promote Our Roles in Comprehensive Development
Authors: Bachioua Hocine , Kachaou Khaoula , Keffane Salim
Published: February 2020

The aims this study to know the reality of  the role for Total Quality Management (TQM) to need of Algerian Higher Education Institutions(AHEI) in apply the Total Quality Management (TQM) to promote the Comprehensive Development (CD), and this approach to enhance their roles in the comprehensive development, the efficiency of the training process, global changes and their needs to adopt a new educational policy in line with the global transformation competition, and the requirements of sustainable development, in this study was used a questionnaire composed of (75) items distributed on (08) areas, This is for confirmation the need to adopt philosophy of Total Quality Management (TQM) as a strategy imposed by the nature and  the stage experienced for Algerian Higher Education Institutions(AHEI), And deal with the nature of the changes and challenges imposed by certain factors such as Globalization and the knowledge revolution, through all this inevitably to  apply the Total Quality Management (TQM) in our  Algerian Higher Education Institutions(AHEI).
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DENGAN METODE DISKUSI KELOMPOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS MATERI MENGHARGAI PERJUANGAN PARA TOKOH DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN KEMERDEKAAN
Authors: Wahyuni Sri Endah
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research is to increase student motivation and learning outcomes/result of 5th-grade SDN 1 Karanganyar Patikraja Banyumas for Social lesson with the topic to Appreciating the Characters Struggle to maintain independence through the application of the scientific approach. This Research is using Classroom Actions Research which implemented in two cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages, those stages are planning/designs, actions, observations, and reflections. Data collection can be done by test, observation, and questionnaire. An indicator of the success of actions in this research is if the increase of student motivation is at least 80% from the maximal score from all students and if the increased of learning outcomes is at least 85% from all students has to reach KKM of Social lesson 68. This research concludes that: First, Application of the Scientific Approach with group discussion method can increase student motivation in the social lesson for the topic to Appreciating the Characters Struggle to maintain the independence of 5th-grade SDN 1 Karanganyar Patikraja Banyumas.
PENGARUH METODE EKSPERIMEN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN IPA MATERI PERUBAHAN ENERGI BUNYI MELALUI PENGGUNAAN ALAT MUSIK DI KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Septiani Hani
Published: February 2020

Commonly, science teaching and learning were still focused on the teacher. The teacher gave less direct experience to the students like experiment and observation activities. Commonly, science learning still used presentation method and giving exercises with questions. Students do not have the chance to have experiments or observation. The innovation in teaching-learning can apply one of the teaching method, namely by experiment method, the problem formulation of this research was whether or not there was an effect of the experiment method toward the students’learning outcome for the fourth graders of elementary school. The learning result observed consisted of three aspects: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. This research is quantitative research with experiment design. The subject of the research was the fourth graders of elementary school consisting of two classes, the students of class IVA with 19 students as the control class, and the students of class IVB with 20 students as the experiment class. The technique of collecting the data was by posttest for the cognitive aspect, hard work questionnaire for the affective aspect, and work performance for the psychomotor aspect. The material used in this research was all in the topic of energy changes through the use of instrumental music. The data gained was then analyzed by Mann Whitney test. Based of the calculation, it could be concluded that three was an effect of experiment method toward the students’ science learning outcome on cognitive and psychomotor aspects, however, it had no effect on the students’ science learning outcome on the affective aspect of the fourth graders of elementary school.
A perspectiva da Escola Austríaca sobre a concessão aeroportuária brasileira
Authors: Arantes Elaine , Piaskowski Otavio Ferrari
Published: February 2020

A concessão dos aeroportos de Guarulhos, Viracopos e Brasília é discutida sob a ótica da Escola Austríaca, com base teórica na Teoria Austríaca de Processo de Mercado (KIRZNER, 1997; BARBIERI, 2001) e na Teoria Austríaca do Intervencionismo Econômico (MISES, 2010b). O problema observado é que o Estado é o poder concedente, órgão regulador e sócio na concessionária Os resultados indicam que a presença do Estado impede a eficiência da gestão empreendedora, a descoberta de novos conhecimentos e o estímulo à concorrência, já que a Empresa Brasileira de Infraestrutura Aeroportuária (INFRAERO) está presente na gestão de aeroportos concedidos e não concedidos. A INFRAERO foi negativamente impactada, pois perdeu parte da receita dos aeroportos superavitários e manteve a responsabilidade pela gestão de aeroportos deficitários ou com baixa receita. A Teoria do Intervencionismo de Ludwig von Mises, escrita na década de 1940, permanece contemporânea e orienta o processo de gestão organizacional.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penjualan Voucher Game Online Berbasis Desktop pada Aren.Net di Depok
Authors: Ananditya Angling , Sriyono Sriyono , Yanti Sepni
Published: February 2020

Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk membuat sistem berbasis desktop yang efisien dan dapat membantu kinerja warnet pada saat transaksi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah deskriptif kualitif yaitu bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran sistematik dan akurat mengenai fakta, sifat, dan hubungan antara fenomena yang diteliti dan berusahan untuk menekankan pada pemecah masalah aktual dengan cara mengumpulkan, menyajikan, atau menginterprestasikan serta menganalisis data dan informasi yang relevan untuk memberikan gambaran yang cukup jelas pada objek penelitian.
MONITORING RESEARCH OF FIELD SOIL MOISTURE TO PROVIDE IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT ON THE BASE OF AN EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATION METHOD
Authors: Voitovich O. P. , Kovalchuk V. P.
Published: February 2020

The article highlights the actual problems of monitoring studies of soil moisture and meteorological indicators for informational support of irrigation management systems. On the basis of literature analysis it is shown that soil moisture control can be carried out both directly on the results of soil moisture measurements and using calculated methods. In the presence of automatically obtained meteorological forecasting data, irrigation decisions are made using an experimental calculation method. Monitoring studies are part of the experiment and are used as feedback in soil moisture control.

The purpose of the work is to develop an information component of soil moisture monitoring and meteorological indicators in the field to ensure a proper decision-making regarding irrigation by the experimental-calculation method.

 Soil moisture measurement is recommended using a variety of soil moisture sensors by indirect methods of determination. Various tensiometers, dielectric and resistive sensors can be used as sensors. They provide the feedback for irrigation management.  The calculation part consists of the decision criterion for the beginning of irrigation, the balance method of calculating soil moisture or moisture reserves in the soil (or a multilayered mathematical model of moisture transfer in the presence of sufficient input parameters for that) using automatic meteorological forecast.

The article is illustrated by the results of a laboratory model experiment and field research with automated measurement data transmission and feedback implementation in soil moisture control. The model laboratory experiment was used to test the design, technical and technological parameters of the equipment for automatic monitoring and testing of the experimental-calculation method. Practical forecasts, calculations and data acquisition of soil moisture and meteorological indicators for the implementation of feedback during the irrigation management are considered based on the example of a corn field in one of the experimental farms.

 The results of the laboratory experiment and field studies show the effectiveness of predicting soil moisture by this method. Monitoring data of soil moisture and meteorological indicators is the feedback. They are automatically transmitted and improve the accuracy of irrigation recommendations and allow for quick adjustments to forecast calculations. It is recommended to make daily soil moisture correction for direct automated field measurements using ground sensors.

Further research in this area is to use one-dimensional multilayer models of moisture transfer. They provide accurate results but require more input parameters.
RESULTS OF FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF ENGINEERING DRAINAGE EFFICIENCY
Authors: Savchuk D. P. , Babitska O. A. , Kharlamov O. I. , Kotikovych I. V. , Zemlyanska D. P. , Bozhenko R. P. , Belikov O. M. , Miedviedieva O. O.
Published: February 2020

Relevance of research. Engineering drainage is an important element of the system of territory protection against the harmful water effects, which enables to carry out agro-industrial production, ensure safety for population, prevents floods and salinization development etc.  Considerable restoration of irrigation and drainage, which is planned to be carried out in the southern regions, requires more research in the experimental and production areas. The results of field studies will be widely used in the design of drainage, justification of its schemes, types and parameters.

Purpose of research is to study the results of field observations of engineering drainage on the irrigated agriculture area for their further use in design.

Research methodology and objects. On-site drainage studies were conducted in the pilot production areas (PPAs), which are located on agricultural lands both on major irrigation systems and in settlements. The studies cover the period from 1990 to 2019. The areas with horizontal and vertical drainage were selected for the study.

Results of the study and main conclusions. Based on the results of the research, it was determined the conditions of the drainage systems functioning, the genesis and the causes of flood development, the mechanism of groundwater depth and the dynamics of ground water table fluctuations in the drainage areas and adjacent territories. It was established the efficiency of drainage in difficult natural and water management conditions on the main irrigation systems and in a number of settlements. It was found that in the conditions of low drained and drainless relief, closed horizontal drainage systems with the laying of the collector drains to a depth of 7.5 m and gravity drainage operated with the highest efficiency. Such drainage systems provided groundwater stabilization at depths of 3-4 m or more due to the operation of deep-laying collectors without the involvement of less deep field drains. The excavation revealed that high efficiency of horizontal drainage was facilitated by the use of geotextile drainage filters, which avoided critical siltation and penetration of root systems into the pipe cavity. The efficiency of vertical drainage was dependent on the mode of its operation and the technical condition of water wells and pumping power equipment. Vertical drainage requires the implementation of additional measures to protect the areas against flooding – laying of horizontal drainage, development of the collector network, use of water wells for collecting surface and drainage water.