bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting Socially Isolated Older Adults
Authors: Newall Nancy E. G. , Menec Verena H.
Published: November 2013

The Seniors Centre Without Walls (SCWOW) program provides free social and educational programming for older adults via telephone. The target population for SCWOW is socially isolated older adults, a hard to reach population. The aim of this process evaluation was to examine whether SCWOW was reaching its target population and to gather participant feedback about program implementation and the perceived satisfaction and impact of the program. Telephone interviews were conducted with 26 participants (92% females; aged 57-85 years). Forty-two percent of the sample was socially isolated and more than half reported being lonely. Participants reported having no difficulty using the telephone system. On average, participants were very satisfied with the program and reported that SCWOW had several positive effects (e.g., connecting to the larger community, affecting mental well-being). Importantly, no barriers to participation were identified. The study suggests that telephone-based programs can successfully reach socially isolated older adults.
Process and Positive Development
Authors: MacNeela Pádraig , Gannon Niall
Published: November 2013

Volunteering among university students is an important expression of civic engagement, but the impact of this experience on the development of emerging adults requires further contextualization. Adopting interpretative phenomenological analysis as a qualitative research approach, we carried out semistructured interviews with 10 students of one Irish university who were highly engaged in volunteering. Their experience of volunteering unfolded through relatively open-ended leadership positions in university student-led societies, comparatively structured community roles, or a combination of both. The findings describe a process initiated by the decision to volunteer, a discrete task based on motives, previous history, and exposure to opportunities. The positive impact of volunteering was described through the outcomes of commitment, competence, and connection. While concerned with the values of civic engagement, the perceived self-coherence and purposefulness attributed to volunteering also referenced personal development motives. The findings are interpreted in light of the volunteer process model, positive youth development, and civic engagement. These perspectives are relevant in considering college student volunteering as an experience that can promote successful developmental transition by having a positive impact on personal identity.
Evidence of vortex-induced lift on a yawed wing in reverse flow
Authors: Raghav Vrishank , Mayo Michael , Lozano Rafael , Komerath Narayanan
Published: November 2013

Rotating blades on helicopters experience reverse flow under high advance ratio conditions. Here, reverse flow is characterized by the flow traveling from the sharp trailing edge to the blunt leading edge. Uncertainty in the blade aerodynamic loads under these conditions has been a limitation during the design of high-speed rotorcraft. In this work, we hypothesize that the reverse flow over a yawed blade includes phenomena similar to the formation of a leading edge vortex on sharp-edged delta wings. Low-speed wind tunnel experiments are reported on a scaled version of a rotor blade in regular and reverse flow over a large range of yaw and moderate ranges of angle of attack. Force measurements indicate a deviation from yawed-wing expectations at high yaw angles. Surface flow visualization via tufts shows the existence of an attached span-wise vortex on the wing.
Adaptive-robust friction compensation in a hybrid brake-by-wire actuator
Authors: de Castro Ricardo , Todeschini Fabio , Araújo Rui E , Savaresi Sergio M , Corno Matteo , Freitas Diamantino
Published: November 2013

This work focuses on the development of a pressure-loop controller for a hybrid brake-by-wire system, composed of a hydraulic link and an electro-mechanical actuator. Towards this goal, we will start by constructing a reduced model that is capable of capturing the fundamental dynamics of the actuator, which is particularly useful for control design purposes. Motivated by the large friction disturbances that affect the system, we also investigate linear-in-the-parameter models suitable for (online) model-based friction compensation. More specifically, results from the theory of function approximation, together with optimization techniques, are explored to approximate the Stribeck friction model through a linear-in-the-parameter model. This new linear-in-the-parameter model is then employed in the design of a control law for tracking the braking pressure of the hybrid brake-by-wire. The main features of this controller are the robustness to parametric uncertainties, thanks to the inclusion of a switching- σ adaptive mechanism, and the attenuation of non-parametric disturbances with a continuous sliding mode action. The stability and robustness properties of the closed-loop system are investigated with the help of the Lyapunov method. Finally, experimental tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and its ability to handle disturbances.
“Pregnancy and labour cause more deaths than oral contraceptives”: The debate on the pill in the Spanish press in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Ortiz-Gómez Teresa , Ignaciuk Agata
Published: November 2013

From 1941 to 1978, Franco’s regime in Spain banned all contraceptive methods. The pill started circulating in Spain from the 1960s, officially as a drug used in gynaecological therapy. However, in the following decade it was also increasingly used and prescribed as a contraceptive. This paper analyses debates about the contraceptive pill in the Spanish daily newspaper ABC and in two magazines, Blanco y Negro and Triunfo, in the 1960s and 1970s. It concludes that the debate on this contraceptive method was much more heterogeneous than might be expected given the Catholic-conservative character of the dictatorship. The daily press focused on the adverse effects of the drug and magazines concentrated on the ethical and religious aspects of the pill and discussed it in a generally positive light. Male doctors and Catholic authors dominated the debate.
No Ordinary Mainstream Illness
Authors: Persson Asha , Newman Christy E. , Hopwood Max , Kidd Michael R. , Canavan Peter G. , Kippax Susan C. , Reynolds Robert H. , de Wit John B. F.
Published: November 2013

Research has shown that social representations of HIV can constitute barriers to health workers’ willingness to provide HIV care. Considering a growing shortage in the HIV primary workforce in Western countries, we examine how HIV is perceived today by doctors involved in its care. In 1989 Sontag predicted that once the virus became better understood and treatable, the dehumanizing meanings that defined the early epidemic would vanish and HIV would turn into an ordinary illness. However, research shows that HIV still carries stigma, including in the health care sector. Drawing on qualitative interviews, we found that HIV doctors in Australia perceived HIV as a far-from-ordinary chronic illness because of its extraordinary history and its capacity to extend in multiple clinical and social directions. These rarely explored perspectives can contribute to the social reframing of HIV and to strategies to build a dedicated HIV workforce in Australia and elsewhere.
Secondary Traumatic Stress Among Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force Personnel
Authors: Bourke Michael L. , Craun Sarah W.
Published: November 2013

Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) task force personnel face various forms of child exploitation on a daily basis; their jobs require them to view child pornography, participate in undercover chats, interact with offenders in person, and interview abuse survivors. Although exposure to child exploitation and sexual violence has been shown to cause secondary traumatic stress (STS) in certain professions, this is the first large-scale study to investigate risk for STS among ICAC personnel. We circulated an Internet-based survey to ICAC personnel throughout the country and more than 600 individuals responded. Results provide insight into how STS impacts personal and professional well-being. In addition, they highlight which coping mechanisms were inversely related to STS scores. Implications and limitations of the results are discussed.
Practitioner accounts and knowledge production
Authors: Ardley Barry Charles , Quinn Lee
Published: November 2013

Responding to repeated calls for marketing academicians to connect with marketing actors, we offer a discourse analysis of the ways in which managers portray their practices. Focusing on the micro-discourses and narratives that marketing actors draw upon to represent their work, we argue that dominant representations of marketing knowledge production present a number of critical concerns for marketing theory. We also evidence that the often promoted idea of a need to close the gap between theory, as a dominant discourse, and practice, as a way of doing marketing, is problematic to pursue. We suggest that a more fruitful agenda resides in the development of a range of polyphonic and creative micro-discourses of management, promoting context, difference and individual meaning in marketing knowledge production.
Western views and Chinese whispers: Re-thinking global leadership competency in multi-national corporations
Authors: Wang Lake , James Kim Turnbull , Denyer David , Bailey Catherine
Published: November 2013

Multi-national corporations (MNCs) appoint Chinese managers at middle management level locally and make extensive efforts to develop their leadership capabilities, yet the number of Chinese managers progressing to senior global level leadership positions lags behind the expectations of both MNCs and local managers. MNC leadership models, often represented in leadership competency frameworks (LCFs), reflect implicit ideas of leadership largely common to executives who share similar (western) cultural backgrounds. This is reinforced by leadership literature that is also strongly influenced by a western perspective. Local managers from non-western cultural backgrounds may hold different conceptions of leadership and struggle to understand MNC leadership requirements. This study explores the leadership constructs of 31 senior global executives and those of 59 local Chinese managers in MNCs operating in China by means of repertory grid methodology. The differences between the two groups and between each group and the LCFs used in their organizations revealed important differences: half the key constructs of leadership used by the senior global leaders were not identified as important or commonly used by the Chinese managers. Most of the ‘missing’ constructs reflect charismatic and transformational leadership characteristics. When compared with the MNCs’ leadership frameworks, differences between the senior global leaders constructs and their company LCFs were found. The gaps between the Chinese managers’ constructs and the same frameworks were even greater. These findings have implications for global leadership theory and practice.
Ivabradine, a novel treatment for clozapine-induced sinus tachycardia: a case series
Authors: Lally John , Brook Jennifer , Dixon Thomas , Gaughran Fiona , Shergill Sukhi , Melikian Narbeh , MacCabe James H.
Published: November 2013

Objectives:

Clozapine is the most efficacious treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia; however its use can be limited by intolerability. Sinus tachycardia is a common adverse event associated with clozapine use, which may lead to the premature discontinuation of clozapine. Traditionally, β blockers are used to treat clozapine-associated tachycardia, though problems with intolerability and ineffectiveness can limit their utility.

Methods:

In this article, we present two cases of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia who developed symptomatic tachycardia associated with clozapine therapy.

Results:

We demonstrate that the novel heart rate controlling agent ivabradine can be effectively and safely used to control the heart rate and to allow for continued treatment with clozapine.

Conclusion:

This is the first report in the literature demonstrating that ivabradine appears to be a well tolerated agent, which should be considered as a symptomatic treatment of clozapine-induced tachycardia if the use of a β blocker fails due to a lack of response or intolerability.
Allogeneic platelet transfusions prevent murine T-cell–mediated immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Guo Li , Yang Lei , Speck Edwin R. , Aslam Rukhsana , Kim Michael , McKenzie Christopher G. J. , Lazarus Alan H. , Ni Heyu , Hou Ming , Freedman John , Semple John W.
Published: November 2013

Key Points

Allogeneic platelet MHC class I transfusions can both prevent and/or alleviate anti-CD61 (GPIIIa) T-cell–mediated ITP. The transfusions reverse abnormal bone marrow megakaryocyte histology and inhibit CD61-induced cytotoxicity.
Perceived neighborhood problems: multilevel analysis to evaluate psychometric properties in a Southern adult Brazilian population
Authors: Höfelmann Doroteia Aparecida , Diez-Roux Ana V , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira , Peres Marco Aurélio
Published: November 2013

Background

Physical attributes of the places in which people live, as well as their perceptions of them, may be important health determinants. The perception of place in which people dwell may impact on individual health and may be a more telling indicator for individual health than objective neighborhood characteristics. This paper aims to evaluate psychometric and ecometric properties of a scale on the perceptions of neighborhood problems in adults from Florianopolis, Southern Brazil.

Methods

Individual, census tract level (per capita monthly familiar income) and neighborhood problems perception (physical and social disorders) variables were investigated. Multilevel models (items nested within persons, persons nested within neighborhoods) were run to assess ecometric properties of variables assessing neighborhood problems.

Results

The response rate was 85.3%, (1,720 adults). Participants were distributed in 63 census tracts. Two scales were identified using 16 items: Physical Problems and Social Disorder. The ecometric properties of the scales satisfactory: 0.24 to 0.28 for the intra-class correlation and 0.94 to 0.96 for reliability. Higher values on the scales of problems in the physical and social domains were associated with younger age, more length of time residing in the same neighborhood and lower census tract income level.

Conclusions

The findings support the usefulness of these scales to measure physical and social disorder problems in neighborhoods.
Independent associations of childhood and current socioeconomic status with risk of self-reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis in a family-medicine cohort of North-Carolinians
Authors: Baldassari Antoine R , Cleveland Rebecca J , Callahan Leigh F
Published: November 2013

Background

Associations of socioeconomic status (SES) with the prevalence of various forms of arthritis are well documented. Increasing evidence suggests that SES during childhood is a lasting determinant of health, but its association with the onset of arthritis remains unclear.

Methods

Cross-sectional data on 1276 participants originated from 22 family practices in North-Carolina, USA. We created 4-level (high, medium, low, lowest) current SES and childhood SES summary scores based on parental and participant education, occupation and homeownership. We investigated associations of individual SES characteristics, summary scores and SES trajectories (e.g. high/low) with self-reported arthritis in logistic regression models progressively adjusted for race and gender, age, then BMI, and clustered by family practice.

Results

We found evidence for independent associations of both childhood and current SES with the reporting of arthritis across our models. In covariate-adjusted models simultaneously including current and childhood SES, compared with high SES participants in the lowest childhood SES category (OR = 1.39 [95% CI = 1.04, 1.85]) and those in the low (OR = 1.66 [95% CI = 1.14, 2.42]) and lowest (OR = 2.08 [95% CI = 1.16, 3.74]) categories of current SES had significantly greater odds of having self-reported arthritis.

Conclusions

Current SES and childhood SES are both associated with the odds of reporting arthritis within this primary-care population, although the possibly superseding influence of existing circumstances must be noted. BMI was a likely mechanism in the association of childhood SES with arthritis onset, and research is needed to elucidate further pathways linking the socioeconomic environment across life-stages and the development of rheumatic diseases.
Potential therapeutic role of Tridham in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line through induction of p53 independent apoptosis
Authors: Jaganathan Ravindran , Ravinayagam Vijaya , Panchanadham Sachdanandam , Palanivelu Shanthi
Published: November 2013

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths reported worldwide. The incidence is higher in Asia and Africa, where there is greater endemic prevalence of hepatitis B and C. The devastating outcome of cancer can be minimized only by the use of potent therapeutic agents. Tridham (TD) has been acknowledged since olden days for its wide spectrum of biological properties and was used by traditional practitioners of Siddha and other indigenous systems of medicine. The present study aims at investigating the mechanistic action of TD by assessing the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh7).

Methods

Cell viability and apoptosis assay using MTT analysis and trypan blue staining, DAPI staining, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were determined in Huh7 cells.

Results

Viability studies of TD treated Huh7 cells showed an inhibition in cell growth in time and dose dependent manner. Chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and apoptotic bodies, which are structural changes characteristic of apoptosis, were found following TD treatment of Huh7 cells. DAPI staining and agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the induction of apoptosis by TD. Cell cycle analysis of Huh7 cells treated with TD exhibited a marked accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle in a dose dependent manner. Immunofluorescent staining for Ki-67 showed a higher level of expression in untreated cells as compared to TD treated cells. We observed a significant loss in the mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol in TD treated cells. Down regulation of Bcl-2, up regulation of Bax and Bad as well as activation of caspases-3 and 9 were also observed. The p53 gene expression was found to be unaltered in TD treated cells.

Conclusion

These results suggest that TD induces apoptosis of Huh7 cells through activation of Bax and triggered caspase cascade, independent of p53 function. This study throws light on the mechanistic action of TD in triggering apoptosis in Huh 7 cells.
Eplerenone attenuated cardiac steatosis, apoptosis and diastolic dysfunction in experimental type-II diabetes
Authors: Ramírez Elisa , Klett-Mingo Mercedes , Ares-Carrasco Sara , Picatoste Belén , Ferrarini Alessia , Rupérez Francisco J , Caro-Vadillo Alicia , Barbas Coral , Egido Jesús , Tuñón José , Lorenzo Óscar
Published: November 2013

Background

Cardiac steatosis and apoptosis are key processes in diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated, leading to a lack of effective therapy. The mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, eplerenone, has demonstrated anti-fibrotic actions in the diabetic heart. However, its effects on the fatty-acid accumulation and apoptotic responses have not been revealed.

Methods

Non-hypertensive Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats received eplerenone (25 mg/kg) or vehicle. Zucker Lean (ZL) rats were used as control (n = 10, each group). After 16 weeks, cardiac structure and function was examined, and plasma and hearts were isolated for biochemical and histological approaches. Cultured cardiomyocytes were used for in vitro assays to determine the direct effects of eplerenone on high fatty acid and high glucose exposed cells.

Results

In contrast to ZL, ZDF rats exhibited hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin-resistance, cardiac steatosis and diastolic dysfunction. The ZDF myocardium also showed increased mitochondrial oxidation and apoptosis. Importantly, eplerenone mitigated these events without altering hyperglycemia. In cultured cardiomyocytes, high-concentrations of palmitate stimulated the fatty-acid uptake (in detriment of glucose assimilation), accumulation of lipid metabolites, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Interestingly, fatty-acid uptake, ceramides formation and apoptosis were also significantly ameliorated by eplerenone.

Conclusions

By blocking mineralocorticoid receptors, eplerenone may attenuate cardiac steatosis and apoptosis, and subsequent remodelling and diastolic dysfunction in obese/type-II diabetic rats.
Data harmonization and federated analysis of population-based studies: the BioSHaRE project
Authors: Doiron Dany , Burton Paul , Marcon Yannick , Gaye Amadou , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H R , Perola Markus , Stolk Ronald P , Foco Luisa , Minelli Cosetta , Waldenberger Melanie , Holle Rolf , Kvaløy Kirsti , Hillege Hans L , Tassé Anne-Marie , Ferretti Vincent , Fortier Isabel
Published: November 2013

Abstracts

Background

Individual-level data pooling of large population-based studies across research centres in international research projects faces many hurdles. The BioSHaRE (Biobank Standardisation and Harmonisation for Research Excellence in the European Union) project aims to address these issues by building a collaborative group of investigators and developing tools for data harmonization, database integration and federated data analyses.

Methods

Eight population-based studies in six European countries were recruited to participate in the BioSHaRE project. Through workshops, teleconferences and electronic communications, participating investigators identified a set of 96 variables targeted for harmonization to answer research questions of interest. Using each study’s questionnaires, standard operating procedures, and data dictionaries, harmonization potential was assessed. Whenever harmonization was deemed possible, processing algorithms were developed and implemented in an open-source software infrastructure to transform study-specific data into the target (i.e. harmonized) format. Harmonized datasets located on server in each research centres across Europe were interconnected through a federated database system to perform statistical analysis.

Results

Retrospective harmonization led to the generation of common format variables for 73% of matches considered (96 targeted variables across 8 studies). Authenticated investigators can now perform complex statistical analyses of harmonized datasets stored on distributed servers without actually sharing individual-level data using the DataSHIELD method.

Conclusion

New Internet-based networking technologies and database management systems are providing the means to support collaborative, multi-center research in an efficient and secure manner. The results from this pilot project show that, given a strong collaborative relationship between participating studies, it is possible to seamlessly co-analyse internationally harmonized research databases while allowing each study to retain full control over individual-level data. We encourage additional collaborative research networks in epidemiology, public health, and the social sciences to make use of the open source tools presented herein.
Elicitors and co‐factors in food‐induced anaphylaxis in adults
Authors: Hompes Stephanie , Dölle Sabine , Grünhagen Josefine , Grabenhenrich Linus , Worm Margitta
Published: November 2013

Food‐induced anaphylaxis (FIA) in adults is often insufficiently diagnosed. One reason is related to the presence of co‐factors like exercise, alcohol, additives and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The objective of this analysis was to retrospectively investigate the role of co‐factors in patients with FIA. 93 adult patients with suspected FIA underwent double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenges with suspected allergens and co‐factors.

The elicitors of anaphylaxis were identified in 44/93 patients. 27 patients reacted to food allergens upon challenge, 15 patients reacted only when a co‐factor was co‐exposed with the allergen. The most common identified allergens were celery (n = 7), soy, wheat (n = 4 each) and lupine (n = 3). Among the co‐factors food additives (n = 8) and physical exercise (n = 6) were most frequent. In 10 patients more than one co‐factor and/or more than one food allergen was necessary to elicit a positive reaction.

The implementation of co‐factors into the challenge protocol increases the identification rate of elicitors in adult food anaphylactic patients.
Asymmetric activation of Dll4-Notch signaling by Foxn4 and proneural factors activates BMP/TGFβ signaling to specify V2b interneurons in the spinal cord
Authors: Misra Kamana , Luo Huijun , Li Shengguo , Matise Michael , Xiang Mengqing
Published: November 2013

During development of the ventral spinal cord, the V2 interneurons emerge from p2 progenitors and diversify into two major subtypes, V2a and V2b, that play key roles in locomotor coordination. Dll4-mediated Notch activation in a subset of p2 precursors constitutes the crucial first step towards generating neuronal diversity in this domain. The mechanism behind the asymmetric Notch activation and downstream signaling events are, however, unknown at present. We show here that the Ascl1 and Neurog basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proneural factors are expressed in a mosaic pattern in p2 progenitors and that Foxn4 is required for setting and maintaining this expression mosaic. By binding directly to a conserved Dll4 enhancer, Foxn4 and Ascl1 activate Dll4 expression, whereas Neurog proteins prevent this effect, thereby resulting in asymmetric activation of Dll4 expression in V2 precursors expressing different combinations of proneural and Foxn4 transcription factors. Lineage tracing using the Cre-LoxP system reveals selective expression of Dll4 in V2a precursors, whereas Dll4 expression is initially excluded from V2b precursors. We provide evidence that BMP/TGFβ signaling is activated in V2b precursors and that Dll4-mediated Notch signaling is responsible for this activation. Using a gain-of-function approach and by inhibiting BMP/TGFβ signal transduction with pathway antagonists and RNAi knockdown, we further demonstrate that BMP/TGFβ signaling is both necessary and sufficient for V2b fate specification. Our data together thus suggest that the mosaic expression of Foxn4 and proneural factors may serve as the trigger to initiate asymmetric Dll4-Notch and subsequent BMP/TGFβ signaling events required for neuronal diversity in the V2 domain.
Stem cell factor Sox2 and its close relative Sox3 have differentiation functions in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Hoffmann Stephanie A. , Hos Deniz , Küspert Melanie , Lang Richard A. , Lovell-Badge Robin , Wegner Michael , Reiprich Simone
Published: November 2013

Neural precursor cells of the ventricular zone give rise to all neurons and glia of the central nervous system and rely for maintenance of their precursor characteristics on the closely related SoxB1 transcription factors Sox1, Sox2 and Sox3. We show in mouse spinal cord that, whereas SoxB1 proteins are usually downregulated upon neuronal specification, they continue to be expressed in glial precursors. In the oligodendrocyte lineage, Sox2 and Sox3 remain present into the early phases of terminal differentiation. Surprisingly, their deletion does not alter precursor characteristics but interferes with proper differentiation. Although a direct influence on myelin gene expression may be part of their function, we provide evidence for another mode of action. SoxB1 proteins promote oligodendrocyte differentiation in part by negatively controlling miR145 and thereby preventing this microRNA from inhibiting several pro-differentiation factors. This study presents one of the few cases in which SoxB1 proteins, including the stem cell factor Sox2, are associated with differentiation rather than precursor functions.
Vacancy and Substitution Defects of β-Li2TiO3 Prepared by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Yu Cheng-Long , Gao Dan-Peng , Yanagisawa Kazumichi
Published: November 2013

Fine β-Li2TiO3 particles were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. Lithium vacancies and titanium substitution existed in the (002) lattice plane (pure lithium layer) via hydrothermal reaction, while after calcination, the titanium ions diffuse away from the (002) lattice plane into the LiTi2 layer, confirmed by two-dimensional fast Fourier transformation spectrum of the high-resolution transmission images and the Raman spectra.
Selected Problems of Integration of Foreigners in the Czech Republic
Authors: Macakova Libuse
Published: November 2013

The aim of this paper is to characterize the problems of immigration and subsequent integration of foreigners in the Czech Republic. The starting point is a brief historical perspective on the development of migration policies of the Czech Republic and the development of immigration in recent years. The aspects discussed in particular are education and health care, as the main factors affecting the integration of immigrants. The analysis suggests a pivotal role of the state in the activities focused on the integration of foreigners, an important role is played by non-profit organizations. In the end of the paper attention is focused on the Czech public attitude to immigration. Active immigration policy in the Czech Republic began in 2003. Currently, integration is understood as an essential part of the immigration policy of the Government of the Czech Republic. Integration of foreigners into the Czech society is directly linked to the process of immigration and is crucial for the smooth immigrant participation in the local labor market and life in the country. The main problem is the lack of knowledge of the Czech language by adult immigrants and especially their children, lack of knowledge of the Czech language, which significantly complicates the possibility of integration into the Czech society. Access to health care is another critical area of integration. Not all areas of integration are managed entirely ideally. This paper tries to highlight specific partial deficiencies. Further development is possible only after an analysis of the basic factors of integration.
Imiesłowy przysłówkowe we współczesnym polskim stylu biblijnym
Authors: Bojałkowska Krystyna
Published: November 2013

Adverbial participles in modern Polish Biblical style

Adverbial participles are often mentioned as one of the defining features of the Polish Biblical style. This is certainly an accurate view with regard to the older translations of the Bible, but it requires to be verified with regard to modern attempts. The paper analyses the frequency and the typical use of adverbial participles in seven modern Polish translations of the Bible, and tests whether they differ from the use in texts that were originally written in Polish. It is not possible to give a clear answer to the question whether adverbial participles are or are not one of the indicators of the modern Polish Biblical style. On one hand, adverbial constructions occur with higher frequency in most of the analysed translations than they do in the originally Polish texts, but on the other hand, in some of the translations, their use is being purposefully limited. This prompts the conclusion that the occurrence of adverbial participles, in the synchronic aspect, is a feature of individual translations rather than a prototypical indicator of the modern Polish Biblical style, understood as a model.
Po raz piąty wychodząc od Słów prawnych w rzeczy sobie podobnych Bartłomieja Groickiego (1567)
Authors: Zajda Aleksander
Published: November 2013

Starting for the fifth time with Bartłomiej Groicki’s Słowa prawne w rzeczy sobie podobne

Starting with B. Groicki’s Słowa prawne w rzeczy sobie podobne (1567), the paper presents the history of legal terms relating to the court procedure: apelacyja ‘appeal’, mocyja ‘judge reprimand’, odesłanie ‘referral’, dawność ‘non-claim’, zasiedzenie ‘usucaption’. Appeal was first practiced in Poland under the Magdeburg Rights, and only since the first quarter of the 16th century also in the land law. On the other hand, the so-called mocyja, i.e. reprimanding of the judge, had been employed for much longer. Difficult cases were sent to a higher court already in the Middle Ages, if the lower court was deemed incompetent, hence odesłanie, remisyja, remisa ‘remittal’. The 1346–1347 statutes of king Casimir III the Great recognize the institution of prescription, hence dawność, preskrypcja ‘non-claim’. Finally, zasiedzenie is ‘the acquisition of ownership by a long, undisputed use’. The use of the word fields method has made it possible to reveal many, often rare, terms that function in various groups, the mutual competition between the components of fields, the victory of some, and the disappearance of others. The evolution of the fields has limited the number of synonyms in simultaneous use.
O definiowaniu języków ojczystego i obcego oraz o „terminologicznym chaosie” w glottodydaktyce – polemicznie
Authors: Miodunka Władysław T.
Published: November 2013

Polemically on defining native and foreign language, and on the “terminological chaos” in language pedagogy

The paper argues with W. Cockiewicz’s article Jak uporządkować terminologiczny chaos w glottodydaktyce i po co? (2013; ‘How to put order into the terminological chaos in language pedagogy and what should one want to do this for?’). The author begins with a critical overview of Cockiewicz’s treatment of the terms język rodzimy and język ojczysty (‘native’ and ‘foreign language’), and then appeals to French dictionaries of linguistic terminology and French language pedagogy (DdL, LDdL, DdD) to show how they define the terms langue maternelle, langue étrangère, and bilinguisme. The paper argues that what Cockiewicz considers to be “terminological chaos” in language pedagogy should be rather viewed as a quest, connected with the evolution of this branch of science, for terms that would be univocal and could replace the ambiguous and laden with connotations term język ojczysty ‘native language’.
Przygotowanie do wykonywania zawodu weryfikatora tłumaczeń jako wyzwanie współczesnej dydaktyki przekładu pisemnego
Authors: Piecychna Beata
Published: November 2013

Preparing students for the job of the translation reviser as the challenge of current translation teaching

The aim of the article is an attempt to answer the questions concerning the character of the process of translation revision, the competence and the range of duties of the reviser in the light of the norm EN 15038, and the undergraduate and postgraduate courses on the faculties of philology and linguistics of Polish universities in the light of requirements set for the people applying for the job of the translation reviser. The considerations presented herein refer also to such suggestions of studies programs modifications in the courses offered by Polish universities on the faculties of philology and linguistics as to enable graduates to find themselves on the current translation job market.
De la traduction des noms des circonscriptions administratives polonaises?
Authors: Stachurski Eryk
Published: November 2013

How to translate the Polish administrative terms in FrenchThis paper explores the difficulties of translating Polish administrative terms such as województwo, powiat and gmina. On the one hand, the difficulties stem from the present Polish administrative structure and Polish history, as the terms used have their roots both in the old system and the new one introduced after the administrative reform in 1989. On the other hand, the difficulties are also a result of terminological confusion proposed by the traditional sources used by translators such as printed dictionaries, by modern tools, such as the Internet, and finally, by administrative decisions, where translators can find contradictory and unnatural equivalents. An analysis of the commonly used translation equivalents and solutions offered by translation tools, both printed and online, shows a great level of difficulty faced by anyone willing to translate such administrative terms. It is therefore difficult to explain the general reluctance to use natural French equivalents in favour of more ‘international’ terms given that voïvodie, département and commune meet all or nearly all the necessary criteria posed by equivalence tests.
Rising from Failure and Learning from Success: The Role of Past Experience in Radical Initiative Taking
Authors: Deichmann Dirk , Ende Jan van den
Published: November 2013

We investigate how the successes and failures of people who initiate radical ideas influence (a) the inclination to take new personal initiatives and (b) the outcome of those initiatives. Using the data of 1,792 radical ideas suggested by 908 employees in a multinational firm’s idea and innovation program, we unexpectedly find that failures, rather than successes, of initiators increase the likelihood of repeat initiative taking. We confirm our hypothesis that involving initiators with prior success in initiative taking has a positive effect on the outcome of a subsequent radical initiative. Our findings illustrate how learning unfolds in the context of radical initiatives and provide insights into how managers can support continuous and superior radical initiative taking.
Citizens in ‘an ever-closer union’? The long path to a public sphere in the EU
Authors: Lodge Juliet , Sarikakis Katharine
Published: November 2013

As Europe is facing a continuous financial and, for many, political and social crisis, long-standing issues of European identity, solidarity and democracy reappear more pronounced than before. In these times, often, the historical developments that have given rise to questioning the European project, its legitimacy and potential future, as well as the treatment of these questions by its political and executive helm are not adequately understood. The role of a European ‘common space’ in terms of debate but also in political action and direction is inextricably connected to the question of legitimacy of the EU and, often, conflicting visions about its raison d’ etre. Historically, the creation of an EU public sphere has been confused with distinct goals of political mobilization for electoral purposes. The strategies developed to advance a broader – and ultimately deeper – sense of belonging have been idealistic, insufficient and muddled owing to lack of political vision and resources. Contextualizing this historical ‘baggage’ with reference to the legacy of invisibility and transparency, the article reviews the politics behind strategic communication of the EU towards its citizens in the shape of Plan D, the Lisbon Treaty’s citizen initiative and the development of EU media policy constrained by ambiguous and volatile relations between the EU and the media.
Synthesis of 2-[(quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives
Authors: Li Yang , Gao Wentao
Published: November 2013

A simple and concise one-pot protocol for the synthesis of carboxyl-substituted bisquinoline systems 3a–i is described. The approach involves the Williamson reaction of ethyl 2-(halomethyl)quinoline-3-carboxylates 4a–c with 8-hydroxyquinolines 5a–c followed by hydrolysis.
Pyrimidine-5-carbonitriles – part III: synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel 6-(2-substituted propyl)-2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine-5-carbonitriles
Authors: Al-Deeb Omar A. , Al-Turkistani Abdulghafoor A. , Al-Abdullah Ebtehal S. , El-Brollosy Nasser R. , Habib Elsayed E. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: November 2013

The reaction of 6-(2-methylpropyl or 2-phenylpropyl)-2-thiouracil-5-carbonitriles (4a,b) with various arylmethyl halides, 2-bromoethyl methyl ether, benzyl chloromethyl ether, and 2-bromomethyl-5-nitrofuran in N,N-dimethylformamide or acetone yielded the corresponding substituted thio-3,4-dihydro-4-oxopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile analogues 5a–h, 6a,b, 7, and 8a,b, respectively. Treatment of 5c with phosphorus oxychloride and N,N-dimethylaniline yielded the 4-chloropyrimidine derivative 9, which was allowed to react with various arylthiols, arylamines, and 1-substituted piperazines to yield the respective 4-arylthio 10a–d, 4-arylamino 11a–d, and 4-piperazino 12a,b derivatives. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro activities against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast-like pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Compounds 5e, 5f, 5g,h, 7, 8a,b, and 12a display marked antibacterial activity, particularly against the Gram-positive bacteria. None of these compounds are active against C. albicans.
Polyoxin and nikkomycin analogs: recent design and synthesis of novel peptidyl nucleosides
Authors: Jackson Kristal E. , Pogula Praveen K. , Patterson Steven E.
Published: November 2013

Polyoxins and nikkomycins are a class of naturally occurring peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics that show promise as potential antifungal agents due to their potent ability to inhibit chitin synthase, an enzyme responsible for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Whole cell assays and in vivo studies have shown that these natural products have poor cellular uptake and are metabolically unstable, and there has been a concerted effort to improve their pharmokinetic properties by synthesizing analogs. These have either been designed as natural substrate analogs, transition state mimetics or mechanistic inhibitors. Recent synthetic efforts and the results of their biological studies are briefly described in this review, and the current trends in the design and construction of polyoxin and nikkomycin analogs are discussed.
Green synthesis of 1-monosubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles via ‘click chemistry’ in water
Authors: Wu Luyong , Yan Bo , Yang Guo , Chen Yuxue
Published: November 2013

The copper-catalyzed click reaction of organic azides with acetylene gas to give 1,2,3-triazoles using water as solvent was studied. The best yields are obtained in the presence of 10 mol% of CuI and 20 mol% of Et3N. Several 1-substituted triazoles were prepared in the yields of 29–96%.
Optical vortices in fiber
Authors: Ramachandran Siddharth , Kristensen Poul
Published: November 2013

Optical vortex beams, possessing spatial polarization or phase singularities, have intriguing properties such as the ability to yield super-resolved spots under focussing, and the ability to carry orbital angular momentum that can impart torque to objects. In this review, we discuss the means by which optical fibers, hitherto considered unsuitable for stably supporting optical vortices, may be used to generate and propagate such exotic beams. We discuss the multitude of applications in which a new class of fibers that stably supports vortices may be used, and review recent experiments and demonstration conducted with such fibers.
Development and characterization of novel photopolymerizable formulations for stereolithography
Authors: Corcione Carola Esposito
Published: November 2013

Novel photopolymerizable formulations, able to photopolymerize with a dual mechanism (cationic and radical), were developed and characterized as potential resins for stereolithography (SL) process. The influence of the presence of organically modified boehmite nanoparticles on the properties of the photopolymerizable mixtures was also analyzed. The main properties required for a liquid SL resin are a high reactivity and a low viscosity. All of the experimental formulations produced, even in the presence of boehmite nanoparticles, are able to satisfy these significant requirements. Physical-mechanical and thermal properties of the photocured samples, obtained starting from the experimental formulations, were finally measured. The cured nanocomposite bars show a high transparency, confirming the good dispersion of the nanofiller in the polymeric matrix and possess improved glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical performances, compared to the unfilled system and to a commercial stereolithographic resin. These results suggest the possibility of using the novel nanofilled photopolymerizable suspensions in the stereolithographic apparatus to build, not only esthetical, but also functional prototypes.
An Architecture of Perfection
Authors: Tallon Andrew
Published: November 2013

Noted art historian William H. Goodyear (1846–1923) spent the better part of his career documenting what he called the “widening refinement,” the intentionally out-of-plumb construction of Gothic churches. Builders, he believed, inclined their walls in service of a sophisticated art of irregularity designed to grant vitality to their edifices. Yet such a practice was antithetical to the motives of the Gothic masters, for whom these deformations due to vault thrusts were unwelcome—for whom wall plumb was an imperative not only of constructional but also of theological order. In An Architecture of Perfection, Andrew Tallon uses evidence of an ideal of rectilinearity found in scripture and its medieval exegesis, in which moral and architectural perfection are explicitly linked, along with analysis of the cathedrals of Chartres and Bourges using laser technology to demonstrate that rectilinear perfection was actively sought—and attained.
An Interlocking Panethnicity: The Negotiation of Multiple Identities among Asian American Social Movement Leaders
Authors: Nakano Dana Y.
Published: November 2013

Existing frameworks in social movement research fall short when examining movements that require a simultaneous exercise of multiple identities. In this study, the author investigates Asian American social movement organizations in metropolitan San Francisco and the relationship between single-ethnic and panethnic identities through in-depth interviews with social movement leaders in order to better understand how multiple identities are negotiated. Leaders of panethnic organizations actively and consciously work toward a panethnic movement identity that necessitates the maintenance of single-ethnic identification. Panethnicity and single-ethnicity are conceptualized as interlocking identity structures. The author argues that this new conceptualization of panethnic identity is made necessary as leaders acknowledge and attempt to address the ethnic and class hierarchies that exist within a diverse Asian American population. The findings of interlocking identities point toward a need to broaden current understandings of identity work whereby multiple movement identities are simultaneous and mutually affecting.