bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethanol Recovery from Water Using Silicalite‐1 Membrane: An Operando Infrared Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Zou Xiaoqin , Bazin Philippe , Zhang Feng , Zhu Guangshan , Valtchev Valentin , Mintova Svetlana
Published: April 2012

The adsorption, separation, and diffusion properties of intergrown silicalite‐1 membrane on a pre‐seeded porous stainless‐steel‐net support in ethanol/water mixtures are evaluated. The permeation of ethanol and water as vapors and liquids on the silicalite‐1 membrane is investigated. Operando IR spectroscopy combined with mass spectrometry is used to study directly the silicalite‐1 membrane supported on the stainless‐steel‐net in mixtures of ethanol/water with different mass ratios (ethanol/water=0, 5, 25, 50, 75, and 100). It was found that the diffusion coefficients for ethanol and water in the mixture (ethanol/water=50:50) are 0.81×10−10 and 2.2×10−10 cm2 s−1, respectively. The silicalite‐1 membrane shows higher ethanol selectivity with an increase of the ethanol content in the reaction mixture. Furthermore, when using the membrane the high selectivity of 19.6 and 39 for the mixtures containing 5 wt % and 50 wt % ethanol is combined with a high flux, which is 11.5 kg m−2 h−1 and 17.1 kg m−2 h−1, respectively. The silicalite‐1 membrane with high reproducibility resists cracking and possesses high mechanical stability. In addition, the stainless‐steel‐net support possesses very high porosity thus leading to an improved permeation flux, and also it is transparent and suitable for quantitative characterization by operando IR spectroscopy. The good performance of the supported silicalite‐1 membrane (high separation factor and high flux for ethanol over water) makes it interesting for use in extracting ethanol from aqueous bioethanol system.
Catalytic Air Oxidation of Biomass‐Derived Carbohydrates to Formic Acid
Authors: Li Jiang , Ding Dao‐Jun , Deng Li , Guo Qing‐Xiang , Fu Yao
Published: April 2012

An efficient catalytic system for biomass oxidation to form formic acid was developed. The conversion of glucose to formic acid can reach up to 52 % yield within 3 h when catalyzed by 5 mol % of H5PV2Mo10O40 at only 373 K using air as the oxidant. Furthermore, the heteropolyacid can be used as a bifunctional catalyst in the conversion of cellulose to formic acid (yield=35 %) with air as the oxidant.
Velocity Autocorrelation Functions and Diffusion Coefficient of Dusty Component in Complex Plasmas
Authors: Dzhumagulova K. N. , Ramazanov T. S. , Masheeva R. U.
Published: April 2012

The velocity autocorrelation functions of dust particles were calculated by the Langevin dynamics. It was indicated that their oscillations decay more rapidly with increase in the friction parameters. The dependencies of the dust particles diffusion coefficient on the friction coefficient at the different values of various parameters were obtained by the Green‐Kubo relation and mean square displacements. The validity of the Einstein relation at small values of coupling parameter was shown (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Composition and Thermodynamic Properties of Dense Alkali Metal Plasmas
Authors: Gabdullin M. T. , Ramazanov T. S. , Dzhumagulova K. N.
Published: April 2012

In this work composition and thermodynamic properties of dense alkali metal plasmas (Li, Na) were investigated. Composition was derived by solving the Saha equations with corrections due to nonideality. The lowering of the ionization potentials was calculated on the basis of pseudopotentials by taking screening and quantum effects into account (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Configurational Entropy of Confined Yukawa Clusters
Authors: Anisimovas E. , Radzvilavičius A.
Published: April 2012

Confined strongly coupled systems, such as dust clusters in complex plasmas, are known to support multiple stable configurations corresponding to the same number of particles. In this work, we exploit the recently introduced concept of configurational entropy as a robust measure of the uncertainty arising due to the existence of multiple stable states with different occurrence probabilities. We apply this concept to classical Yukawa clusters of up to 100 particles in two‐ and three‐dimensional parabolic traps and investigate the dependence of the entropy on the system size, dimensionality, interparticle interaction range and anisotropy of the parabolic confinement. A universal behaviour of the configurational entropy close to the dimensional (zigzag) transition is reported (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Effect of Electron's Runaway in Partially Ionized Hydrogen Semiclassical Nonideal Plasma
Authors: Turekhanova K. M.
Published: April 2012

The effect of runaway electron for semiclassical partially ionized hydrogen dense plasma is studied in this work. Dependencies of friction force acting to electrons on coupling parameters were obtained. The relative number of runaway electrons as the function of their temperature was considered for semiclassical model of dense plasma. It has been shown that the differences between the relative number of runaway electrons values can be significant for various plasma models (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Roton Minimum: Is it a General Feature of Strongly Correlated Liquids?
Authors: Kalman G.J. , Kyrkos S. , Golden K.I. , Hartmann P. , Donko Z.
Published: April 2012

The roton minimum is a deep minimum in the collective excitation spectrum of the liquid, forming around fairly high k ‐values. We have discovered, through MD simulations, that this appears to be a general feature of strongly coupled liquids and is ubiquitous in 2D and 3D Yukawa liquids. We suggest that the physical origin of the roton minimum has to be sought in the quasi‐localization of particles in a strongly correlated liquid and in the ensuing formation of local microcrystals whose averaged frequency dispersion would show roton minimum‐like feature (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adiabatic Index in Shock‐Compressed Beryllium
Authors: Fortmann C. , Lee H. J. , Döppner T. , Falcone R. W. , Kritcher A. L. , Landen O. L. , Niemann C. , Glenzer S. H.
Published: April 2012

We present a method to measure the adiabatic index of a material under shock compression by X‐ray Thomson Scattering. A beryllium target is symmetrically compressed by two counterpropagating shock waves that collide in the target center, producing super dense states of matter of up to 6 fold compression. We measure the density before and after the shock collision and solve the Hugoniot relations for colliding shocks to infer the adiabatic index. Our results indicate that the adiabatic index stays rather high even in the high compression regime. This agrees with a linear scaling model taken from the SESAME equation of state and shows that the adiabatic index becomes significantly different from the ratio of heat capacities in this strongly coupled plasma (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamic Shear Viscosity in a 2D Yukawa System
Authors: Kovács A. Zs. , Hartmann P. , Donkó Z.
Published: April 2012

We present non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation studies on the dynamic (complex) shear viscosity of a 2D many‐particle system interacting via a Yukawa (Debye‐Hückel) type inter‐particle potential. Our investigations reveal the complex interplay of dissipative and elastic processes, as well as the effect of single particle resonances and enhanced collective excitations, and the influence of the external forces on the structural correlations in the system (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ARQ‐based updatable relay selection for distributed EO‐STBC cooperative system
Authors: Bai Zhiquan , Yang Xianglai , Kwak Kyungsup
Published: April 2012

In this work, we investigate the closed loop extended orthogonal‐space time block codes in decode‐ and‐forward cooperative networks and propose an updatable automatic repeat request protocol with relay selection. In the system, the relays decoding correctly are incorporated into a relay set, the optimal relays within this relay set can be selected based on the channel information, and the extended orthogonal‐space time block codes scheme is employed with the help of the feedback in automatic repeat request message. With the consideration of the relay selection, the system performance can be improved. Simulation and analysis results prove the efficiency of the proposed scheme, which achieves better performance than conventional relay schemes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate Change Policy and Subjective Well‐Being
Authors: FitzRoy Felix , Franz‐Vasdeki Jennifer , Papyrakis Elissaios
Published: April 2012

A small (but increasing) number of economists has recently started to recognize that the costs of climate change mitigation measured as reduced growth in GDP need not reduce welfare in view of the weak correlation between the two in richer economies,providedthat mitigation and employment policies are properly combined. In this paper we sketch neglected links between these – now major – research areas and discuss how subjective well‐being and employment could be raised in the medium term by cost‐effective mitigation and green fiscal policy, in addition to the long‐run benefits of greenhouse gas reductions. A ‘green new deal’ placing more emphasis on climate change mitigation and happiness (rather than GDP as the key proxy for welfare) could be the appropriate strategy in the current economic climate of austerity and worsening recession, while also initiating the large‐scale mitigation investment for job creation that is so urgently needed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Composition, Technology of Manufacture, and Circulation of Hellenistic Pottery from the Eastern Adriatic: A Case Study of Three Archaeological Sites along the Dalmatian Coast, Croatia
Authors: Šegvić Branimir , Šešelj Lucijana , Slovenec Damir , Lugović Boško , Ferreiro Mählmann Rafael
Published: April 2012

Archaeological excavations in Dalmatia have yielded a large amount of Hellenistic pottery that has yet to be archaeometrically analyzed. Stylistic analyses suggest that some vessels were imported, but the bulk of the material must have been produced locally. Our objectives are to demonstrate local ceramic production in both Greek colonies and native settlements in Dalmatia, and also to report on the composition and manufacture technology associated with this pottery. We examine 36 Hellenistic potsherds recovered from the coast of Croatia: a sanctuary on Cape Ploča, the native settlement of Resnik, and the Greek colony Issa. For the first time, archaeometric evidence supporting local production in Resnik is presented, while two local manufacturing centers are proposed for the bulk of the Cape Ploča pottery. The term Dalmatian production is suggested here to describe these indigenous ceramics. Material characteristics of the Issa samples suggest local colonial production and sophisticated ceramic technology.
Fossa Carolina: The First Attempt to Bridge the Central European Watershed—A Review, New Findings, and Geoarchaeological Challenges
Authors: Leitholdt Eva , Zielhofer Christoph , Berg‐Hobohm Stefanie , Schnabl Katharina , Kopecky‐Hermanns Britta , Bussmann Jens , Härtling Joachim W. , Reicherter Klaus , Unger Katrin
Published: April 2012

The Central European watershed passes through the southern Franconian Jura in Bavaria, Germany. This principal watershed divides the Rhine/Main catchment and the Danube catchment. In the early Middle Ages, when ships were an important means of transportation, Charlemagne decided to connect these catchments by the construction of a canal known as the Fossa Carolina. In this paper, we present for the first time 14C data from the Fossa Carolina fill and document a high‐resolution stratigraphic record of the Carolingian and post‐Carolingian trench infilling. Our results provide clear evidence for peat layers in different levels of the trench infill, suggesting a chain of ponds. However, the majority of these peat layers yield mid‐Medieval and younger ages. The period of major peat growth was during the Medieval climatic optimum. Therefore, our preliminary results do not prove the use of the trench during Carolingian times. However, first results from the reconstruction of the Carolingian trench bottom support the hypothesis that the Fossa was primarily planned as a navigable chain of ponds and not as a continuous canal. In the eastern part of the trench, a dam is located that was postulated in former studies to be part of a barrage for supplying the Carolingian canal with water. New 14C data indicate much younger ages and do not support the Carolingian barrage concept.
The Significance of Intestinal Parasite Remains in Pollen Samples from Medieval Pits in the Piazza Garibaldi of Parma, Emilia Romagna, Northern Italy
Authors: Florenzano Assunta , Mercuri Anna Maria , Pederzoli Aurora , Torri Paola , Bosi Giovanna , Olmi Linda , Rinaldi Rossella , Bandini Mazzanti Marta
Published: April 2012

This paper presents the study of parasite remains recovered in pollen samples collected from archaeological layers. Laboratory treatment enabled us to obtain very high concentrations of both pollen and parasite eggs from the same samples. The case study of the site of Piazza Garibaldi in Parma, a town in the Po plain, is reported. The site was a sacred area in Roman times and a market square in Medieval times (10th–11th century A.D.). Pollen, seeds, and fruits from the latter phase were collected from four Medieval pits and one cesspit. After a palynological treatment including sieving, floating, and light acetolysis, abundant quantities of parasite eggs were extracted. Human and animal parasite eggs belonging to Trichuris, Ascaris, Taenia/Echinococcus, Capillaria, Dicrocoelium, and Diphyllobothrium were found. The analyses of animal and plant remains identified in the same samples suggested that the pit infillings consisted of waste, human and animal excrements, deteriorated plant food, and refuse of grapes. Therefore, parasite remains help the interpretation of archaeobotanical data in identifying human behaviors and site functions.
Subdivision of the Lochkovian Stage based on conodont faunas from the stratotype area (Prague Synform, Czech Republic)
Authors: Slavík Ladislav , Carls Peter , Hladil Jindřich , Koptíková Leona
Published: April 2012

Relatively rich conodont faunas from sections in the Prague Synform (Barrandian area, Czech Republic) include a number of indexes and other important guide conodonts that can be correlated with other regions, especially with Nevada and the Spanish Central Pyrenees. The collation and detailed correlation of conodont data from the Lochkovian in two parallel sections in the Požáry quarries, together with biostratigraphic control of additional data from several (incomplete) sections with changing facies development, is the basis for a new detailed regional biozonal scale for the Lochkovian in the Prague Synform. The new subdivision follows, with modification, the global threefold conodont subdivision of the Lochkovian. Data from the Prague Synform enable further detailed subdivision of the lower, middle and upper Lochkovian into small‐scale units. The conodont distribution shows a large proportional discrepancy between the late Lochkovian elsewhere; the conodont record in the latest Lochkovian in the Prague Synform area, which appears to be rather restricted and requires further discussion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ATP signaling is deficient in cultured pannexin1‐null mouse astrocytes
Authors: Suadicani Sylvia O. , Iglesias Rodolfo , Wang Junjie , Dahl Gerhard , Spray David C. , Scemes Eliana
Published: April 2012

Pannexins (Panx1, 2, and 3) comprise a group of proteins expressed in vertebrates that share weak yet significant sequence homology with the invertebrate gap junction proteins, the innexins. In contrast to the other vertebrate gap junction protein family (connexin), pannexins do not form intercellular channels, but at least Panx1 forms nonjunctional plasma membrane channels. Panx1 is ubiquitously expressed and has been shown to form large conductance (500 pS) channels that are voltage dependent, mechanosensitive, and permeable to relatively large molecules such as ATP. Pharmacological and knockdown approaches have indicated that Panx1 is the molecular substrate for the so‐called “hemichannel” originally attributed to connexin43 and that Panx1 is the pore‐forming unit of the P2X7 receptor. Here, we describe, for the first time, conductance and permeability properties of Panx1‐null astrocytes. The electrophysiological and fluorescence imaging analyses performed on these cells fully support our previous pharmacological and Panx1 knockdown studies that showed profoundly lower dye uptake and ATP release than wild‐type untreated astrocytes. As a consequence of decreased ATP paracrine signaling, intercellular calcium wave spread is altered in Panx1‐null astrocytes. Moreover, we found that in astrocytes as in Panx1‐expressing oocytes, elevated extracellular K+ activates Panx1 channels independently ofmembrane potential. Thus, on the basis of our present findings and our previous report, we propose that Panx1 channels serve as K+ sensors for changes in the extracellular milieu such as those occurring under pathological conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lipocalin 2 is a novel immune mediator of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis and is modulated in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Berard Jennifer L. , Zarruk Juan G. , Arbour Nathalie , Prat Alexandre , Yong V. Wee , Jacques Francois H. , Akira Shizuo , David Samuel
Published: April 2012

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). EAE pathogenesis involves various cell types, cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Given the complexity of the inflammatory response in EAE, it is likely that many immune mediators still remain to be discovered. To identify novel immune mediators of EAE pathogenesis, we performed an Affymetrix gene array screen on the spinal cords of mice at the onset stage of disease. This screening identified the gene encoding lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) as being significantly upregulated. Lcn2 is a multi‐functional protein that plays a role in glial activation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) stabilization, and cellular iron flux. As many of these processes have been implicated in EAE, we characterized the expression and role of Lcn2 in this disease in C57BL/6 mice. We show that Lcn2 is significantly upregulated in the spinal cord throughout EAE and is expressed predominantly by monocytes and reactive astrocytes. The Lcn2 receptor, 24p3R, is also expressed on monocytes, macrophages/microglia, and astrocytes in EAE. In addition, we show that EAE severity is increased in Lcn2−/− mice as compared with wild‐type controls. Finally, we demonstrate that elevated levels of Lcn2 are detected in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in MS and in immune cells in CNS lesions in MS tissue sections. These data indicate that Lcn2 is a modulator of EAE pathogenesis and suggest that it may also play a role in MS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Infratemporal fossa metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Morita Naruhiko , Morimoto Koichi , Yonezawa Koichiro , Otsuki Naoki , Nibu Ken‐ichi
Published: April 2012

Background

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) occasionally metastasizes to lung and bone, but rarely to skeletal muscles. In this study, we present an unusual case of metastasis of PTC to the infratemporal fossa of a previously treated patient with PTC.

Methods and Results

A 74‐year‐old man with a diagnosis of PTC underwent subtotal thyroidectomy and neck dissection on the left side. Metastasis to the infratemporal fossa developed 13 years after the initial treatment. The patient underwent extirpation of the tumor via the infratemporal fossa approach with semicoronal skin incision. Right neck dissection and resection of residual thyroid tissue were also performed simultaneously. The patient underwent 131‐Iodine therapy and has been followed up for 12 months with no evidence of disease.

Conclusions

The possibility of metastasis of PTC should be included as a differential diagnosis if an unusual mass manifests in any location in patients with PTC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Chemocauterization of the internal opening with trichloroacetic acid as first‐line treatment for pyriform sinus fistula
Authors: Cha Wonjae , Cho Sung‐Woo , Hah J. Hun , Kwon Tack‐Kyun , Sung Myung‐Whun , Kim Kwang Hyun
Published: April 2012

Background

Pyriform sinus fistula is a rare brachial pouch anomaly. However, it is difficult and risky to remove the fistula tract completely. Circumferential chemocauterization of the internal opening with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for pyriform sinus fistula is simple, reproducible, reliable, and causes less morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of TCA chemocauterization for pyriform sinus fistula.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 44 patients who were diagnosed with pyriform sinus fistula and underwent TCA chemocauterization. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients to obtain their demography as well as treatment outcomes for them.

Results

The success rate of treatment for pyriform sinus fistula after the first TCA chemocauterization was 77.3% (34/44) and the cumulative success rate after the second treatment was 93.2% (41/44). There was no complication such as vocal fold palsy after TCA chemocauterization.

Conclusions

It is suggested that TCA chemocauterization can be a reasonable first‐line treatment for pyriform sinus fistula. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Direct comparison of the cognitive effects of acute alcohol with the morning after a normal night's drinking
Authors: McKinney Adele , Coyle Kieran , Verster Joris
Published: April 2012

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare performance measures after acute alcohol consumption (intoxication) with the performance the day after a normal night's drinking (hangover).

Methods

Eighty‐four social drinkers took part in two studies that followed a counterbalanced repeated measure design. Fifteen men and 33 women were tested the morning (09:00, 11:00 or 13:00 h) following normal/usual alcohol consumption and the morning after no alcohol consumption; the order of testing was counterbalanced. In a second study, 36 participants (18 men and 18 women) were tested after receiving alcohol to attain a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08%, and after no alcohol administration, the order of testing was counterbalanced. In both studies, participants completed a task battery of memory, reaction time and attention tasks.

Results

Alcohol had no effect on the free recall task and the spatial attention task. Alcohol consumption, either acute or the next day, significantly affected reaction time, divided attention, selective attention and Stroop interference. The impairments during intoxication and hangover were of comparable magnitude. Performance on tasks of delayed recognition and irregular interstimulus reaction time was worse during hangover when compared with intoxication.

Conclusion

It is evident that awareness needs to be raised that performance the morning after alcohol consumption is at the same level if not worse than when participants are at the legal limit for driving (0.08% blood alcohol concentration). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AID ALLOCATION, GROWTH AND WELFARE WITH PRODUCTIVE PUBLIC GOODS
Authors: Agénor Pierre‐Richard , Yilmaz Devrim
Published: April 2012

This paper develops an open‐economy intertemporal growth model with endogenous relative prices and an imperfect world capital market. The government provides infrastructure and health services, which are both productive. The model is calibrated for a ‘typical’ low‐income country and used to examine the growth and welfare effects of both permanent and temporary, tied and untied, increases in aid. Simulation results show that aid tied to productive government spending delivers high growth rates and substantial welfare gains, without leading to a sustained real appreciation, only if the efficiency of public expenditure (a proxy for the quality of governance) is sufficiently high. The presence of production externalities has important implications for the path of the real exchange rate. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hijacking Mitochondria: Bacterial Toxins that Modulate Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Jiang Jhih‐Hang , Tong Janette , Gabriel Kipros
Published: April 2012

Bacterial infection has enormous global social and economic impacts stemming from effects on human health and agriculture. Although there are still many unanswered questions, decades of research has uncovered many of the pathogenic mechanisms at play. It is now clear that bacterial pathogens produce a plethora of proteins known as “toxins” and “effectors” that target a variety of physiological host processes during the course of infection. One of the targets of host targeted bacterial toxins and effectors are the mitochondria. The mitochondrial organelles are major players in many biological functions, including energy conversion to ATP and cell death pathways, which inherently makes them targets for bacterial proteins. We present a summary of the toxins targeted to mitochondria and for those that have been studied in finer detail, we also summarize what we know about the mechanisms of targeting and finally their action at the organelle. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012
Attachment Relationships and the Career Exploration Process
Authors: Ketterson Timothy U. , Blustein David L.
Published: April 2012

This article examines the role of parent—adolescent attachment relationships in the career exploration process. We propose that college students who report secure attachment relationships with their parents would engage in greater environmental and self‐exploration, as well as greater nontraditionality of exploration, as measured by the degree of gender traditionality of their primary occupational preference. One hundred and thirty‐seven undergraduates (50 men, 87 women) completed measures of parent attachment, career exploration, and a demographic form. The results of a canonical correlation analysis indicated that attachment to parents associated positively with environmental exploration. However, the results indicated that parental attachment was not associated with traditionality of exploration. An examination of relevant demographic variables suggested that age played a significant role, whereas gender did not. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for career theory and practice.
Leisure Behavior and Occupational Identity in University Students
Authors: Munson Wayne W. , Widmer Mark A.
Published: April 2012

This study examines relationships between leisure behavior and occupational identity in a group of 109 undergraduate students at a Midwestern state university. Significant relationships (p < .01) were found among thinking and contemplating, ethical leisure behavior, and occupational identity. University students who participated more in intellectual and creative leisure activities were more advanced in occupational identity achievement. Implications for life span career development interventions are discussed.
An Investigation of Nonacademic Admission Criteria for Doctoral‐Level Counselor Education and Similar Professional Programs
Authors: NELSON KAYE W. , CANADA RICHARD M. , LANCASTER LEE B.
Published: April 2012

A survey investigating nonacademic admission criteria was mailed to 39 doctoral programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. Twenty‐five returned surveys reflected that letters of recommendation, goal statements, individual interviews, and work experiences were most frequently used.
The Importance of Empathy in the Therapeutic Alliance
Authors: FELLER CANDI P. , COTTONE R. ROCCO
Published: April 2012

In this investigation of the construct of empathy, the authors report that the literature reflects strong evidence that empathy is an essential component of the therapeutic alliance across theories and that empathy is necessary in the counseling process. The concept of empathy continues to be a central component of new forms of counseling and therapy.
Family Therapy for Schizophrenia: Co‐Occurring Psychotic and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Gottlieb Jennifer D. , Mueser Kim T. , Glynn Shirley M.
Published: April 2012

People with schizophrenia have a high prevalence of co‐occurring substance use disorders, which is related to a worse course of psychiatric illness, more frequent relapses, and increased depression and suicide, compared with those with schizophrenia alone. The Family Intervention for Dual Diagnosis (FIDD) program, which includes psychoeducation and goal setting and focuses on building communication and problem‐solving skills within the family, can aid in decreasing the stress related to having a close relationship with someone with a dual disorder. Here, the case of a young man with psychosis and marijuana dependence is examined. This article describes how the FIDD intervention helped him with his problematic substance use, as well as to build skills within his relationship for increased empathy and reduced interpersonal stress.
Beyond the Patient: Couple and Family Therapy for Individual Problems
Authors: Chambless Dianne L. , Miklowitz David J. , Shoham Varda
Published: April 2012

We introduce the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session issue on couple and family therapies for adult psychological problems and health‐compromising behaviors. The 8 articles, each with an extensive case study, represent different theoretical orientations (cognitive‐behavioral, psychoeducational, systemic‐strategic, experiential) and address problems with depression, anxiety, severe mental illness, substance use disorders, and dysfunctional coping with chronic illness. We identify points of consensus and divergence among the different therapies and consider implications for training psychotherapists.
Clinical microscopic analysis of protaper retreatment system efficacy considering root canal thirds using three endodontic sealers
Authors: Só Marcus Vinícius Reis , De Figueiredo Jose Antônio Poli , Fachin Elaine Vianna Freitas , Duarte Marco Antônio Húngaro , Pereira Jefferson Ricardo , Kuga Milton Carlos , Da Rosa Ricardo Abreu
Published: April 2012

To evaluate the efficacy of ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment system and the influence of sealer type on the presence of filling debris in the reinstrumented canals viewed in an operative clinical microscope. Forty‐five palatal root canals of first molars were filled with gutta‐percha and one of the following sealers: G1, EndoFill; G2, AH Plus; G3, Sealapex. The canals were then reinstrumented with ProTaper Universal rotary system. Roots were longitudinally sectioned and examined under an operative clinical microscope (10×), and the amount of filling debris on canal walls was analyzed using the AutoCAD 2004 software. A single operator used a specific software tool to outline the canal area and the filling debris area in each third (cervical, middle, and apical), as well as the total canal area. Data were analyzed by Kruskal‐Wallis test and Tukey test at P < 0.05. Sealapex demonstrated significant differences in the average of filling debris area/canal among the 3 thirds. This group revealed that apical third showed more debris than the both cervical and middle third (P < 0.0001). Endofill presented significantly more filling debris than Sealapex in the cervical third (P < 0.05). In the middle (P = 0.12) and apical third (P = 0.10), there were no differences amongst groups. Debris was left in all canal thirds, regardless of the retreatment technique. The greatest differences between techniques and sealers were found in the cervical third. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1233–1236, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physics of MRI: A primer
Authors: Plewes Donald B. , Kucharczyk Walter
Published: April 2012

This article is based on an introductory lecture given for the past many years during the “MR Physics and Techniques for Clinicians” course at the Annual Meeting of the ISMRM. This introduction is not intended to be a comprehensive overview of the field, as the subject of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) physics is large and complex. Rather, it is intended to lay a conceptual foundation by which magnetic resonance image formation can be understood from an intuitive perspective. The presentation is nonmathematical, relying on simple models that take the reader progressively from the basic spin physics of nuclei, through descriptions of how the magnetic resonance signal is generated and detected in an MRI scanner, the foundations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation, and a discussion of the Fourier transform and its relation to MR image formation. The article continues with a discussion of how magnetic field gradients are used to facilitate spatial encoding and concludes with a development of basic pulse sequences and the factors defining image contrast. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1038‐1054. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of mutations identified in ORFs M27, M36, m139, m141, and m143 in the temperature‐sensitive phenotype of murine cytomegalovirus mutant tsm5
Authors: Al‐Ali Abdulaziz , Timoshenko Olga , Martin Brian A.B. , Sweet Clive
Published: April 2012

A mutant of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), tsm5, which is temperature‐sensitive for replication in murine embryo fibroblasts at 40°C, failed to replicate to detectable levels in mice. A total of 18 non‐synonymous mutations have been identified in tsm5. In a previous study, a mutation (C890Y) identified in the M70 primase gene, when introduced into the wt M70 primase, resulted in a mutant with reduced viral replication at 40°C in vitro and which was severely attenuated in vivo. Five other previously identified mutations may also contribute to the tsm5 phenotype: (1) an A658S mutation in a protein expressed by the M27 ORF; (2) a V54I mutation in M36; (3) a Y565* mutation in m139; (4) a V195M mutation in m141; and (5) an M232I mutation in m143. In the present study, the above‐mentioned mutations were introduced individually (M27, M36, m139, m141, m143) or together (M27/M36) into the MCMV K181 (Perth) variant bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) using RecE/T homologous recombination. Growth in culture revealed that, apart from the double mutant (M27 and M36) and the m139 mutant, the introduced mutations in the above‐mentioned genes did not show a temperature‐sensitive phenotype in MEF or Raw 264.7 macrophage cells compared to their revertants or the wt virus. In contrast, replication of the M27/M36 double mutant was drastically reduced in MEFs at 40°C and in macrophages at 37°C. Replication of the m139 mutant was reduced in MEF cells at 40°C but not in macrophages. Thus, at least three further mutations contribute to the tsm5 phenotype. J. Med. Virol. 84:912–922, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of CD4+CD8+ Double positive T‐lymphocyte phenotype and function in Indian patients infected with HIV‐1
Authors: Chauhan Neeraj K. , Vajpayee Madhu , Mojumdar Kamalika , Singh Ravinder , Singh Alpana
Published: April 2012

CD4+CD8+ double positive T cells represent a minor peripheral blood lymphocyte population. CD4+ expression on CD8+ T cells is induced following cellular activation, and as chronic HIV‐1 infection is associated with generalized immune activation, double positive T cells studies have become necessary to understand the immunopathology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The frequency of double positive T cells in persons infected with HIV was studied in comparison to uninfected controls. Further, the expression of CD38, HLA‐DR, and programmed death (PD)‐1 on these cells were ascertained. HIV‐1 specific double positive T cells were also studied for their cytokine secretory ability and phenotype. A significantly higher double positive cell population was observed in the patients with advanced HIV disease (CD4+ T cell counts below 200 cells/µl), as compared to patients with CD4+ T cell counts above 500 cells/µl. Double positive T cells from patients with symptomatic HIV disease had a significantly increased activation and exhaustion levels, compared to asymptomatic subjects and to single positive T cells from the same subjects. HIV‐1 specific double positive T cells showed further increase in CD38 and PD‐1 expression levels. The proportion of CD38 and PD‐1 expressing total and HIV‐1 specific double positive T cells correlated positively with HIV‐1 plasma viremia and negatively with CD4+ T cell counts. HIV infection results in a marked increase of double positive T cell population, and this cell population shows higher level of activation and exhaustion (increased PD‐1 expression) compared to the single positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. J. Med. Virol. 84:845–856, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical and virological characteristics of hepatitis B or C virus co‐infection with HIV in Indonesian patients
Authors: Anggorowati Nungki , Yano Yoshihiko , Heriyanto Didik Setyo , Rinonce Hanggoro Tri , Utsumi Takako , Mulya Deshinta Putri , Subronto Yanri Wijayanti , Hayashi Yoshitake
Published: April 2012

Hepatitis virus‐related liver disease increases substantially the mortality rate of patients with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Therefore, early diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is important. However, the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in Indonesian patients infected with HIV is unknown. Therefore, this study examined the molecular and clinical characteristics of HBV and HCV in 126 patients infected with HIV, mostly on HAART, at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The rates of triple infection, HIV/HCV co‐infection, HIV/HBV co‐infection, and mono‐infection were 4.8%, 34.1%, 3.2%, and 57.9%, respectively. Seven HCV genotypes were detected, with genotypes 1a, 1b, 1c, 3a, 3k, 4a, and 6n found in 23 (52%), 1 (2%), 4 (9%), 5 (11%), 7 (16%), 3 (6%), and 1 (2%) patients, respectively, indicating multiple modes of transmission. HBV‐DNA was detected in 2/10 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen; both patients were HAART naive. Univariate analysis revealed that male sex, higher education level, injection drug use, sexual contact, alanine aminotransferase ≥40 IU/L, and aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index > 0.5 were associated with HCV co‐infection. In multivariate analysis, injection drug use (OR: 26.52; 95% CI: 3.52–199.54) and alanine aminotransferase ≥40 IU/L (OR: 6.36; 95% CI: 1.23–32.89) were independently associated with HCV co‐infection. HCV co‐infection was common among Indonesian patients infected with HIV, particularly among injecting drug users, and was a risk factor for disease progression of HIV. J. Med. Virol. 84:857–865, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New structural and vibrational opportunities combining Hyper‐Rayleigh/hyper‐Raman and Raman scattering in isotropic materials
Authors: Rodriguez Vincent
Published: April 2012

Spontaneous hyper‐Raman and Raman scattering together with hyper‐Rayleigh scattering techniques were combined to study and characterize isotropic materials at the molecular range scale. We also demonstrated new transverse optical–longitudinal optical features in hyper‐Raman in the 90° scattering geometry where it is possible to selectively enlighten or cancel longitudinal optical modes. Noteworthy, it is possible to collect both transverse optical and longitudinal optical modes when collecting the scattered light perpendicularly to the plane of incidence. We detail and illustrate in the field of ionic liquids advances in nonlinear vibrational studies that give unique information about the nature and multipolar symmetry of the scatters. The vibrational multipolar approach, which is a generalized procedure to analyze and interpret all these techniques in isotropic materials, is introduced and applied to silica glass. For silica, we proposed a statistical elementary structural unit with nanometric dimension that fits both the octupolar hyper‐Rayleigh response and the multipolar spectral activity. It is derived from the α‐Cristobalite structure, with a local octupolar S4 symmetry, which consists of a central [SiO4] tetrahedron embedded in a super Si4/4 tetrahedron with bent Si–O–Si bonds. In that respect, the silica glass is thought to be a random medium with inhomogeneous density at the nanometric short‐range scale. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of a rotational coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering model for N2O at temperatures from 295 K to 796 K
Authors: Bohlin Alexis , Kindeya Alem , Nordström Emil , Bengtsson Per‐Erik
Published: April 2012

Pure rotational coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra of N2O was recorded in a series of temperature calibrated cell measurements in the region 295–796 K. A theoretical rotational CARS code for N2O was implemented and temperature analysis was performed by fitting the modeled theoretical spectra to the experimental spectra. Excellent agreement between the experimental and modeled spectra was obtained and the thermometric accuracy for the measurements was evaluated to be better than 1%. Also, rotational N2 CARS spectra were recorded at the same measurement conditions and the temperature analysis performed on these spectra resulted in the same accuracy. The peak signal strength was found to be ~5 times stronger for N2O than for N2 at ambient temperature and pressure. The temperature precision was evaluated to a relative standard deviation of 2.0%–2.7% in the studied temperature range, about half of the values for N2, which is attributed to the larger number of spectral lines for N2O. Rotational N2O CARS thermometry show great potential, because of a high Raman cross‐section and large number of populated rotational states at any temperature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olfaction‐associated quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis: Adaptation and validation of an olfaction‐specific questionnaire
Authors: Simopoulos Efthimios , Katotomichelakis Michael , Gouveris Haralampos , Tripsianis Gregory , Livaditis Miltos , Danielides Vassilios
Published: April 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To detect validity and reliability of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) compared to other quality‐of‐life (QoL) questionnaires, to explore its ability to reflect olfaction‐related QoL changes, and to investigate age‐ and gender‐related effects of olfactory changes on QOD results.

Study Design:

Prospective clinical study.

Methods:

One hundred two patients (56 males, 46 females; mean age, 41.15 ± 16.31 years), suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis, whose olfactory function was measured using Sniffin' Sticks test were studied. All patients completed three validated general health‐related QoL questionnaires (Short Form‐36 Health Survey [SF‐36], Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], and Zung anxiety scale), and the olfaction‐related QOD.

Results:

Internal consistency and test‐retest reliability for the QOD was high. Convergent validity assessment showed statistically significant negative correlations of the QOD and the QOD‐negative statements (NS) with overall SF‐36 score (P < .05 for all groups) and positive correlations of the same scores with BDI and Zung (P < .001). The QOD‐positive statements (PS) was positively correlated to SF‐36. Discriminative validity demonstrated statistically significant differences of the QOD and QOD‐NS scores between all groups of patients (normosmics, hyposmics, anosmics; all pairwise comparisons, P < .001). The QOD‐PS score was significantly higher in normosmics and hyposmics compared to anosmics. Patients' age was negatively correlated with the QOD‐PS, whereas it was positively correlated with BDI (P < .001) and Zung (P = .007). Females presented significantly higher scores in the QOD, QOD‐NS, BDI, and Zung (all P < .001) compared to males.

Conclusions:

The QOD proved to be a valid, reliable, and easy‐to‐use method of assessment of olfaction‐related QoL with high specificity and sensitivity. Laryngoscope, 2012
Head and neck solitary fibrous tumors: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges
Authors: Bowe Sarah N. , Wakely Paul E. , Ozer Enver
Published: April 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Head and neck solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are quite rare, with <200 cases reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of this rare disease while reporting the largest head and neck case series.

Study Design:

Retrospective review.

Methods:

Between 1991 and 2011, 13 cases of head and neck SFTs from the pathology database were identified. Demographic, clinical, radiologic, and pathologic data were then abstracted and compiled for review.

Results:

SFT presented nearly equally as asymptomatic slow‐growing masses or with local symptoms due to compression. All tumors imaged by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging with contrast showed a well‐defined strongly enhancing mass. Two patients had evidence of bone erosion on imaging, but no histopathologic features of malignancy. Treatment consisted of surgical resection and in two cases postoperative radiation. Two patients had pathologic findings of malignancy, but are alive without recurrence at 26 and 51 months follow‐up. Two patients had recurrence, one with paraspinal disease and grossly positive surgical margins, and another with endoscopic resection and poor margin control.

Conclusions:

SFTs of the head and neck are exceedingly rare and those with aggressive behavior even more so. Diagnosis is often difficult and not definitive until morphologic and immunohistochemical evaluation is performed. In most cases, complete surgical excision is the only necessary treatment. Although in patients with malignant components or positive surgical margins, adjuvant radiation may be beneficial. Regardless, all patients require close clinical follow‐up for several years. Laryngoscope, 2012
A novel advancement flap for reconstruction of massive forehead and temple soft‐tissue defects
Authors: Huang Andrew Tsao , Tarasidis George , Yelverton Joshua Calvin , Burke Alan
Published: April 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To describe the authors' experience with an extended deep‐plane cervicofacial (EDPCF) advancement flap, a modification of the deep‐plane cervicofacial flap, for reconstruction of large forehead and temple soft‐tissue defects.

Study Design:

Case series at a tertiary referral medical center.

Methods:

The charts of 11 consecutive patients who underwent EDPCF flap surgery for reconstruction of forehead and temple skin cancer defects were reviewed for demographics, smoking status, defect size, length of surgery and hospitalization, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification (ASA) grade, and postoperative complications.

Results:

All patients had reconstruction of large forehead and temple defects following either primary resection or Mohs micrographic surgery for skin cancer. No skin grafting was required for secondary defects. The average defect size was 52.2 cm2. Patient ages averaged 74 years with a median ASA grade of 3. Thirty‐six percent of patients admitted to smoking. Average operative time was 100 minutes, with 82% of patients treated on an outpatient basis. There were no complications of ectropion or facial nerve injury encountered. Partial distal flap necrosis occurred in one patient who admitted to smoking and resolved with conservative management.

Conclusions:

The EDCPF flap is a robust flap with a dual arterial supply and both rotation and advancement components. It is ideal in frail patients with good soft‐tissue laxity and provides an immediate one‐stage reconstruction with ideal skin color, texture, and thickness matches for large forehead and temple defects.