bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined transcervical endometrial resection and levonorgestrel device treatment compared to transcervical endometrial resection for abnormal uterine bleed
Authors: Darre Haahr Pernille , Nielsen Nadia‐Kim B. , Grunnet Ivan , Rudnicki Martin
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE) is a first‐line surgical treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding. However, many women experience unsuccessful results, causing hysterectomy in up 17% of cases. The aim of this study was to describe the odds of hysterectomy in women with abnormal uterine bleeding, treated with TCRE and levonorgestrel intrauterine contraceptive device (TCRE + LNG‐IUCD) or TCRE alone. The secondary aim was to analyze the rate of amenorrhea.

Material and methods

Designed as a retrospective cohort study, and conducted at Odense University Hospital, Denmark, the study included women with abnormal uterine bleeding, who underwent TCRE from January 2013 to December 2015. The decision of treatment with respect to LNG‐IUCD was at the woman's discretion. Data were collected from medical records and a self‐reported retrospective bleeding‐pattern questionnaire. A multivariate regression model was used, enabling adjustment for potential and identified confounders.

Results

Out of 432 women, 276 (62%) consented to inclusion and of these, 16 (4%) were excluded. In total 88 (34%) received combined treatment and 172 (66%) received TCRE alone. Ten women (11%) treated with TCRE + LNG‐IUCD underwent hysterectomy, compared with 27 (16%) treated with TCRE alone (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.28‐1.56; P = .34). Multivariate analysis disclosed a significant effect of TCRE + LNG‐IUCD (OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.13‐0.97; P = .04) on hysterectomy. The presence of fibromas was shown to increase the odds of treatment failure, resulting in hysterectomy (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.15‐6.31; P = .02). Furthermore, the incidence of amenorrhea was 59% in the TCRE + LNG‐IUCD group and 36% in the TCRE alone group (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.46‐4.49; P < .01).

Conclusions

The study showed significantly lower odds of hysterectomy in the TCRE + LNG‐IUCD group when adjusted for confounders. Combination treatment improves the bleeding patterns significantly compared with monotherapy with TCRE.
Interactive mental health assessments for Chinese Canadians: A pilot randomized controlled trial in nurse practitioner‐led primary care clinic
Authors: Ahmad Farah , Wang Jamie , Wong Bonnie , Fung Wai Lun Alan
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Mental health conditions like depression and anxiety are on the rise, but access to care remains a challenge. Immigrants and racialized communities including Chinese Canadians experience high level of access barriers including communication with clinicians. With the aim to facilitate mental health communications, we tested an Interactive Computer‐assisted Client Assessment Survey (iCCAS) in Cantonese/Mandarin and English at a nurse practitioner‐led primary care clinic in Toronto. The iCCAS offers a touch‐screen, pre‐consultation survey with questions on depression, anxiety, post‐traumatic stress, alcohol abuse, and social context. The program generates point‐of‐care reports for the clinician and patient.

Methods

A pilot randomized controlled trial examined the intervention impact on mental health discussion and symptom detection, compared with the usual care, followed by clinicians' qualitative interviews.

Results

Fifty self‐identified Chinese adult patients participated (iCCAS = 26, Usual Care = 24), response rate 79.4%. Participant mean age was 44.8 years and 92% were immigrants. There was an increase of 19% and 15% in the mental health discussion and detection of symptoms in the iCCAS group compared with the usual care. More participants in the iCCAS group were referred to a social worker or psychiatrist. Patients found the use of iCCAS easy and clinicians identified its benefits for themselves (eg, early identification and comfort) and patients (eg, self‐awareness and anonymity) and proposed practice‐integration.

Discussion

The studied tool holds promise for enhancing clinician‐patient mental health communications in primary care settings for overseas Chinese. Implications are discussed for in‐person and virtual healthcare which could also inform responses to mental health crisis related to COVID‐19.
“How the other half lives: The geographical study of women” – A review
Authors: Tivers Jacqueline
Published: July 2020

This paper reflects on the origins of Tivers’ 1978 paper “How the other half lives: the geographical study of women,” tracing these through a consideration of societal expectations at the time, which were mirrored in the content and approach of 1970s Geography in the UK. Attention is given here both to this original context of the paper and to its context in subsequent publications and in the overall career of the author.
Epigenetic targeting in lymphoma
Authors: Booth Stephen , Collins Graham
Published: July 2020

Despite considerable progress in the treatment of patients with lymphoid malignancies in recent decades, the prognosis of patients with relapsed or refractory lymphomas often remains disappointing. Increasing evidence has established the relevance of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies, and a succession of agents has been evaluated in clinical studies with varying efficacy. In the present review, we outline the importance of epigenetic modifications in lymphoma biology and discuss the published experience with epigenetic modifying agents by lymphoma subtype before considering ongoing clinical studies in this area.
Translational approach to understanding momentary factors associated with alcohol consumption
Authors: Vengeliene Valentina , Foo Jerome Clifford , Kim Jinhyuk
Published: July 2020

Multiple interindividual and intra‐individual factors underlie variability in drinking motives, challenging clinical translatability of animal research and limiting treatment success of substance use‐related problems. Intra‐individual variability refers to time‐dependent continuous and discrete changes within the individual and in substance use research is studied as momentary variation in the internal states (craving, stressed, anxious, impulsive and tired) and response to external triggers (stressors, drug‐associated environmental cues and social encounters). These momentary stimuli have a direct impact on behavioural decisions and may be triggers and predictors of substance consumption. They also present potential targets for real‐time behavioural and pharmacological interventions. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies demonstrating different momentary risk factors associated with increased probability of alcohol drinking in humans and changes in alcohol seeking and consumption in animals. The review also provides an overview of pharmacological interventions related to every individual risk factor.
Inhibition of Bruton's TK regulates macrophage NF‐κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in metabolic inflammation
Authors: Purvis Gareth S.D. , Collino Massimo , Aranda‐Tavio Haidee , Chiazza Fausto , O'Riordan Caroline E. , Zeboudj Lynda , Mohammad Shireen , Collotta Debora , Verta Roberta , Guisot Nicolas E.S. , Bunyard Peter , Yaqoob Magdi M. , Greaves David R. , Thiemermann Christoph
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose

There are no medications currently available to treat metabolic inflammation. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is highly expressed in monocytes and macrophages and regulates NF‐κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activity; both propagate metabolic inflammation in diet‐induced obesity.

Experimental Approach

Using an in vivo model of chronic inflammation, high‐fat diet (HFD) feeding, in male C57BL/6J mice and in vitro assays in primary murine and human macrophages, we investigated if ibrutinib, an FDA approved BTK inhibitor, may represent a novel anti‐inflammatory medication to treat metabolic inflammation.

Key Results

HFD‐feeding was associated with increased BTK expression and activation, which was significantly correlated with monocyte/macrophage accumulation in the liver, adipose tissue, and kidney. Ibrutinib treatment to HFD‐fed mice inhibited the activation of BTK and reduced monocyte/macrophage recruitment to the liver, adipose tissue, and kidney. Ibrutinib treatment to HFD‐fed mice decreased the activation of NF‐κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome. As a result, ibrutinib treated mice fed HFD had improved glycaemic control through restored signalling by the IRS‐1/Akt/GSK‐3β pathway, protecting mice against the development of hepatosteatosis and proteinuria. We show that BTK regulates NF‐κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome specifically in primary murine and human macrophages, the in vivo cellular target of ibrutinib.

Conclusion and Implications

We provide “proof of concept” evidence that BTK is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diet‐induced metabolic inflammation and ibrutinib may be a candidate for drug repurposing as an anti‐inflammatory agent for the treatment of metabolic inflammation in T2D and microvascular disease.
Syntactic Creativity Errors in Children's Wh‐Questions
Authors: Lutken C. Jane , Legendre Géraldine , Omaki Akira
Published: July 2020

Previous work has reported that children creatively make syntactic errors that are ungrammatical in their target language, but are grammatical in another language. One of the most well‐known examples ismedial wh‐questionerrors in English‐speaking children's wh‐questions (e.g.,What do you think who the cat chased?from Thornton, 1990). The evidence for this non‐target‐like structure in both production and comprehension has been taken to support the existence of innate, syntactic parameters that define all possible grammatical variation, which serve as a top‐down constraint guiding children's language acquisition process. The present study reports new story‐based production and comprehension experiments that challenge this interpretation. While we replicated previous observations of medial wh‐question errors in children's sentence production (Experiment 1), we saw a reduction in evidence indicating that English‐speaking children assign interpretations that conform to the medial wh‐question pattern (Experiment 2). Crucially, we found no correlation between production and comprehension errors (Experiment 3). We suggest that these errors are the result of children's immature sentence production mechanisms rather than immature grammatical knowledge.
Immune responses to hepatitis B vaccination after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric and young adult patients
Authors: Chaichotjinda Krittiya , Anurathapan Usanarat , Boonsathorn Sophida , Chaisavaneeyakorn Sujittra , Treepongkaruna Suporn , Techasaensiri Chonnamet , Apiwattanakul Nopporn
Published: July 2020

Background

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients require hepatitis B (HBV) revaccination. Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti‐HBs) seroconversion rates after revaccination range from 64% to 79% in these patients. The seroconversion rate and factors associated with non‐seroconversion have not been clearly elucidated in pediatric and young adult recipients after HSCT.

Objectives

To evaluate anti‐HBs seroconversion rates in pediatric and young adult patients revaccinated after HSCT, and to identify factors associated with non‐seroconversion.

Method

The current study was prospective and cross‐sectional. Post‐HSCT recipients aged ≤25 years who had completed a course of three HBV revaccinations were recruited, and their anti‐HBs titers were assessed. Non‐seroconverted patients were administered a fourth vaccination. Those who subsequently remained seronegative were administered two additional vaccinations. Those who remained seronegative after all six vaccinations were defined as non‐responders.

Results

A total of 118 patients were enrolled. The HBV‐containing vaccines used included DTaP‐IPV‐HBV‐Hib, DTwP‐HBV‐Hib, and monovalent vaccines. The anti‐HBs seroconversion rate after three revaccinations was 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.7‐89.2). One patient (0.8%) was classified as non‐responder. Factors associated with non‐seroconversion after three revaccinations included cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation (odds ratio [OR] 10.63, 95% CI 1.16‐97.00), anti‐HBs seronegativity before HSCT (OR 7.01, 95% CI 1.55‐31.78) and three DTwP‐HBV‐Hib revaccinations (OR 11.71, 95% CI 1.43‐96.26).

Conclusion

In the current study the anti‐HBs seroconversion rate after three HBV revaccinations was excellent. CMV reactivation, anti‐HBs seronegativity before HSCT, and three DTwP‐HBV‐Hib revaccinations were associated with non‐seroconversion, but the non‐responder rate was low.
Esophageal localized muscular defect detected immediately after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Hikichi Takuto , Hashimoto Minami , Nakamura Jun
Published: July 2020

Watch a video of this article
The Australian & New Zealand Cerebral Palsy Strategy
Authors: Badawi Nadia , Honan Ingrid , Finch‐Edmondson Megan , Hogan Amy , Fitzgerald Jennifer , Imms Christine
Published: July 2020

Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/d_hCllpiSfU
Rural land reforms and villagers' preferences for urban settlement: A case study of Shandong Province, China
Authors: Yu Wei , Lu Xiao , Wang Enru
Published: July 2020

Based on surveys conducted in Shandong Province, China, this paper examined the interests of rural residents to move to and settle in cities, as well as the factors that motivate or discourage their potential settlement changes. Results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that villagers' urban settlement preference was related to sociodemographic factors such as gender, age, and occupation. Overall, the separation of the “three rights” (collective ownership, land contract right, and land use right) associated with rural land has strengthened the urban settlement preference of rural residents. Nevertheless, we did not find significant association between land transfer and the preference for urban settlement. For villagers who expressed interest in urban settlement, better job opportunities, education opportunities, and higher income are the leading “pull” factors that would attract them to cities. The attachment to rural life, high living costs, and high housing prices in cities were the top concerns for villagers who did not want to move. The study also found that villagers' desired urban destinations changed with the changing land parameters, indicating that the outcomes of China's rural land reforms may not be aligned well with the policy goals laid in the country's urbanization and rural development plans.
Beyond the bid‐rent: Two tales of land use transition in contemporary China
Authors: Gao Jinlong , Wu Zhixuan , Chen Jianglong , Chen Wen
Published: July 2020

The bid‐rent curve has long been recognized as a persistent law in urban and regional studies. We challenge this orthodox theory by highlighting two limitations in demystifying patterns of urban land redevelopment and rural land use utility in transitional China. Empirical evidence shows that distance still matters to both urban and rural land use transition. However, the property‐oriented and scale‐sensitive functional structure of redevelopment is not exactly what Alonso suggested. The temptation of urbanization, coupled with the resistance of rural revitalization, results in an inverted bid‐rent curve in terms of the utilization of rural housing land. The dual‐track nature of both urban–rural household registration (hukou) and land use systems contributes a lot for these unconventional findings. We can therefore summarize that transition of land use in both urban and rural China is largely institutionally driven, and the Chinese government is the dominant agent of creating a unique trajectory of spatial restructuring.
How does nursing research differ internationally? A bibliometric analysis of six countries
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Mas‐Bleda Amalia
Published: July 2020

Background

International nursing research comparisons can give a new perspective on a nation's output by identifying strengths and weaknesses.

Aim

This article compares strengths in nursing research between six mainly English‐speaking nations (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States).

Methods

Journal authorship (percentage of first authorship by nationality) and article keywords were compared for Scopus‐indexed journal articles 2008–2018. Three natural language processing strategies were assessed for identifying statistically significant international differences in the use of keywords or phrases.

Results

Journal author nationality was not a good indicator of international differences in research specialisms, but keyword and phrase differences were more promising especially if both are used. For this, the part of speech tagging and lemmatisation text processing strategies were helpful but not named entity recognition. The results highlight aspects of nursing research that were absent in some countries, such as papers about nursing administration and management.

Conclusion

Researchers outside the United States should consider the importance of researching specific patient groups, diseases, treatments, skills, research methods and social perspectives for unresearched gaps with national relevance. From a methods perspective, keyword and phrase differences are useful to reveal international differences in nursing research topics.
Nurses' behaviours towards physical restraint use in the ICU: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Shen Xiufang , Hu Bo , Pang Xufeng , Lin Jing , Yin Xiaomeng , Jiang Yuanyuan , Zhao Yaling , Liu Qingwei , Zhu Xiuli
Published: July 2020

Aims and objectives

The study aims to explore and describe nurses' behaviours towards physical restraint (PR) use in intensive care units (ICUs) and identify key characteristics of these experiences.

Background

Patients within the ICU are always vulnerable, which requires a thoughtful deliberation when employing PR in ethically laden situations. Considering that the qualitative study on nurses' behaviours towards PR use in ICUs is limited, a deep understanding of how nurses reason and restrict patients is necessary before developing a minimizing programme in hospitals.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in this paper. Data were collected by 24 semistructured, in‐depth and individual interviews about PR, where 24 nurses were drawn from six ICUs of four hospital settings from a comprehensive tertiary care hospital in Qingdao. The QSR NVivo 11.0 software program was used to manage the interview data, and data analysis was guided by the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven. The checklist of Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies was followed as a guideline in reporting the study.

Results

Regarding PR, nurses' behaviours start with a hazard perception, followed by hesitation about whether to restrict the patient. They would usually decide to apply PR when they think that no other choice to control the situation is available. Then, they would reflect on and rationalize their behaviours. Nurses, intensivists, patients and their families participate in and affect this process directly or indirectly.

Conclusions

Nurses' behaviours towards PR use comprise a series of complex processes centred on safety. Nurses' decision making should be performed with the participation of intensivists, patients and family caregivers.
A meta‐analytic evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the electrocardiographic Peguero‐Lo Presti criterion for left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Noubiap Jean Jacques , Agbaedeng Thomas A. , Nyaga Ulrich Flore , Nkoke Clovis , Jingi Ahmadou M.
Published: July 2020

Although electrocardiography (ECG) is a cost‐effective and convenient tool for routine screening of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), its performance has been shown to be poor. The Peguero‐Lo Presti, a novel voltage criterion, was found to be potentially better than the most commonly used criteria. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of its diagnostic accuracy compared to Cornell and Sokolow‐Lyon voltage criteria. Bibliographic databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed for comparison. Ten studies reporting data from 5984 individuals were included in the meta‐analysis. Peguero‐Lo Presti had the highest pooled sensitivity (43.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.2‐56.9) followed by Cornell (26.1%; 95% CI: 16.9‐37.9) and Sokolow Lyon (22.0%; 95% CI: 14.1‐32.7). However, Peguero‐Lo Presti had the lesser pooled specificity (90.5%; 95% CI: 86.3‐93.5) and Cornell the highest (94.9%; 95% CI: 90.3‐97.3). The pooled DOR was 6.63 (95% CI: 3.95‐11.13), 5.50 (95% CI: 3.64‐8.30), and 2.94 (95% CI: 2.20‐3.92) for Peguero‐Lo Presti, Cornell, and Sokolow‐Lyon, respectively. Peguero‐Lo Presti had the best accuracy according to summary ROC curves, with an area under the curve of 0.827 compared to 0.715 for Cornell, and 0.623 for Sokolow‐Lyon. In conclusion, according to this meta‐analysis, Peguero‐Lo Presti has a better diagnostic performance than Cornell and Sokolow‐Lyon and might be more useful in routine clinical practice as a screening tool for LVH.
Using Retest Data to Evaluate and Improve Effort‐Moderated Scoring
Authors: Wise Steven L. , Kuhfeld Megan R.
Published: July 2020

There has been a growing research interest in the identification and management of disengaged test taking, which poses a validity threat that is particularly prevalent with low‐stakes tests. This study investigated effort‐moderated (E‐M) scoring, in which item responses classified as rapid guesses are identified and excluded from scoring. Using achievement test data composed of test takers who were quickly retested and showed differential degrees of disengagement, three basic findings emerged. First, standard E‐M scoring accounted for roughly one‐third of the score distortion due to differential disengagement. Second, a modified E‐M scoring method that used more liberal time thresholds performed better—accounting for two‐thirds or more of the distortion. Finally, the inability of E‐M scoring to account for all of the score distortion suggests the additional presence of nonrapid item responses that reflect less‐than‐full engagement by some test takers.
Color stability of individually stained monolithic zirconia following occlusal adjustment
Authors: Herpel Christopher , Rammelsberg Peter , Rues Stefan , Zenthöfer Andreas , Seceleanu Irina , Corcodel Nicoleta
Published: July 2020

Objective

To meet esthetic requirements, monolithic zirconia can be stained by color‐infiltration. However, adjustments of occlusal surfaces are often necessary, leading to demasking effects if too much of the color‐infiltrated layer is removed. The effect of subsequent material removal on color stability of individually stained zirconia is analyzed here.

Materials and methods

Thirty‐six white zirconia disks were divided into three groups. Standardized staining strategies for tooth colors VITA A2, A3.5, and A4 were developed and applied to the disks. Samples were grinded in nine successive steps from 20 to 500 μm. A spectroradiometer was used to measure the color differences after each step. Regression analyses were performed for color differences from baseline as a function of depth of material removal. Depth of material removal resulting in color changes surpassing the acceptability threshold of ΔE00 = 1.8 was estimated using inverse prediction.

Results

Up to 500 μm material removal, color difference ΔE00 changes linearly with the depth of material removal (P < 0.05). Regression analyses showed coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.97 (VITA A2), 0.87 (VITA A3.5), and 0.96 (VITA A4). Acceptability threshold was surpassed at 62, 87, and 92 μm, respectively.

Conclusions

Discolorations occur within clinically relevant occlusal adjustments of <100 μm. The effect is more severe with lighter, less saturated tooth colors.

Clinical significance

Staining that is resistant to occlusal adjustments and abrasion is only possible if the staining solution infiltrates sufficiently deep into the ceramic structure. This study provides for the first time in the literature numerical values that describe the thresholds of acceptability of color differences in zirconia ceramics. These values are essential because they determine the extent of possible occlusal adjustments, and thus the color stability. Further research is necessary to improve the infiltration depth of staining solutions.
First report on the characterization of pathogenic Rahnella aquatilis KCL‐5 from crucian carp: Revealed by genomic and proteomic analyses
Authors: Liang Jing , Hu Xiucai , Lü Aijun , Sun Jingfeng
Published: July 2020

Rahnella aquatilis is an important pathogen of several aquatic organisms and is found widely distributed in the freshwater, soil, fish and human clinical samples. Our previously published study reported a novel pathogenic R. aquatilis strain KCL‐5 to crucian carp (Carassius auratus). To further investigate the characteristics and pathogenesis caused by R. aquatilis, we here report on the pathological changes, bacterial genomic and proteomic analyses of strain KCL‐5. Significantly pathological changes in liver, intestine, spleen and gills were observed in infected fish. The genome consists of one circular chromosome 5,062,299 bp with 52.02% GC content and two plasmids (506,827 bp, 52.16%; 173,433 bp, 50.00%) and predicted 5,653 genes, 77 tRNAs and 22 rRNAs. Some virulence factors were characterized, including outer membrane protein, haemolysin, RTX toxin, chemotaxis and T3SS secretion system. Antimicrobial resistance genes such as EmrAB‐TolC, MexABC‐OpmB and RosAB efflux pump were found in strain KCL‐5. KEGG analysis showed that mainly functional modules were ABC transporters, biosynthesis of amino acids, two‐component system, quorum sensing, flagellum assembly and chemotaxis, in which most of them were identified by using 2‐DE/MS analyses. To our knowledge, this was first report on the molecular characteristics of R. aquatilis by multi‐omics approaches, which will provide insights into the pathogenic mechanism of R. aquatilis infection in fish.
A randomised clinical pilot trial to test the effectiveness of parent training with video modelling to improve functioning and symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability
Authors: Bordini D. , Paula C. S. , Cunha G. R. , Caetano S. C. , Bagaiolo L. F. , Ribeiro T. C. , Martone M. C. C. , Portolese J. , Moya A. C. , Brunoni D. , Bosa C. , Brentani H. , Cogo‐Moreira H. , de Jesus Mari J.
Published: July 2020

Background

Poor eye contact and joint attention are early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and important prerequisites for developing other socio‐communicative skills. Teaching parents evidence‐based techniques to improve these skills can impact the overall functioning of children with ASD. We aimed to analyse the impact of conducting a group parent‐training intervention with video modelling to improve the intelligent quotient (IQ), social and communication functioning and to minimise symptoms in children with ASD and intellectual disability (ID).

Methods

Study design: A multicentre, single‐blinded, randomised clinical pilot trial of parent training using video modelling was conducted.Sample: Sixty‐seven parents of children with ASD, aged between 3 and 6 years and with IQs between 50 and 70, were randomised: 34 to the intervention group and 33 to the control group.Intervention program: The intervention group received parent training over 22 sessions, and the control group received the standard community treatment.Instruments: Pre‐evaluation and post‐evaluation (week 28), the following were used: Autism Diagnostic Interview, Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale I, Snijders‐Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test, Autism Behaviour Checklist and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.Data Analysis: Intention to treat and complier‐average causal effect (CACE) were used to estimate the effects of the intervention.

Results

There was a statistically significant improvement in the Vineland standardized communication scores in CACE (Cohen'sd = 0.260). There was a non‐statistically significant decrease in autism symptomatology (Autism Behaviour Checklist total scores) and a significant increase in the non‐verbal IQ in the intervention group. After the false discovery rate correction was applied, IQ remained statistically significant under both paradigms. The effect size for this adjusted outcome under the intention‐to‐treat paradigm was close to 0.4, and when considering adherence (CACE), the effect sizes were more robust (IQ's Cohen'sd = 0.433).

Conclusions

Parent training delivered by video modelling can be a useful technique for improving the care given to children with ASD and ID, particularly in countries that lack specialists.
Increased chemokine RANTES in synovial fluid and its role in early‐stage degenerative temporomandibular joint disease
Authors: Feng Shi‐Yang , Lei Jie , Chen Hui‐Min , Wang Yi‐Xiang , Yap Adrian U‐Jin , Fu Kai‐Yuan
Published: July 2020

Background

Degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) in adolescents and young adults is closely associated with disc displacement without reduction (DDw/oR).

Objective

This study aimed to determine the pathogenesis of early‐stage TMJ DJD induced by DDw/oR.

Methods

31 female subjects aged 12‐30 years were enrolled, comprising 12 patients with DDw/oR without DJD, 13 with DDw/oR and early‐stage DJD, and 6 healthy volunteers. The synovial fluid samples of the subjects were screened for 27 inflammatory‐related cytokines using multiple cytokine array. Significantly increased cytokines and a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis “receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand” (RANKL) were further determined by sandwich immunoassay. These factors were also assessed for the possible pathophysiologic actions on RAW264.7 cell proliferation, migration, osteoclastogenesis and bone‐resorbing activity using Cell Counting Kit‐8, Transwell system, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and osteo assay plates.

Results

Macrophage‐derived inflammatory protein‐1 beta (MIP‐1β) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were found to vary significantly in relation to the controls. In contrast to an unchanged concentration of RANKL, a strong increase in the level of RANTES was detected in subjects with DDw/oR and early‐stage DJD. MIP‐1β concentrations were only elevated in subjects with DDw/oR without DJD. Functionally, both MIP‐1β and RANTES could enhance macrophage migration in a concentration‐dependent manner, while only RANTES exhibited a promoting effect on osteoclast formation and bone‐resorbing activity.

Conclusions

Chemokine RANTES was significantly upregulated and might be a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis contributing to DDw/oR‐induced early‐stage TMJ DJD.
Effects of Parental Warmth and Behavioral Control on Adolescent Externalizing and Internalizing Trajectories Across Cultures
Authors: Rothenberg W. Andrew , Lansford Jennifer E. , Bornstein Marc H. , Chang Lei , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Di Giunta Laura , Dodge Kenneth A. , Malone Patrick S. , Oburu Paul , Pastorelli Concetta , Skinner Ann T. , Sorbring Emma , Steinberg Laurence , Tapanya Sombat , Uribe Tirado Liliana Maria , Yotanyamaneewong Saengduean , Alampay Liane Peña , Al‐Hassan Suha M. , Bacchini Dario
Published: July 2020

We investigated the effects of parental warmth and behavioral control on externalizing and internalizing symptom trajectories from ages 8 to 14 in 1,298 adolescents from 12 cultural groups. We did not find that single universal trajectories characterized adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms across cultures, but instead found significant heterogeneity in starting points and rates of change in both externalizing and internalizing symptoms across cultures. Some similarities did emerge. Across many cultural groups, internalizing symptoms decreased from ages 8 to 10, and externalizing symptoms increased from ages 10 to 14. Parental warmth appears to function similarly in many cultures as a protective factor that prevents the onset and growth of adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms, whereas the effects of behavioral control vary from culture to culture.
Negotiating Local and Global Values in a Globalized World: The Envisioned Futures of Thai Adolescents
Authors: McKenzie Jessica
Published: July 2020

This study investigates how adolescents growing up in a rapidly globalizing Thai city psychologically manage local and global values when considering their envisioned futures. Qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with 20 (16–18 years old) adolescents reveals four distinct patterns of local–global value negotiation. Findings indicate that adolescents at times dynamically reshape local values in order to encompass global values; at other times, adolescents conceive of themselves as sitting at the crossroads of value systems that cannot be readily integrated. By revealing how global youth negotiate local and global values, this study pushes forward the scientific understanding of biculturalism in contexts of rapid cultural change.
Biotic and abiotic factors associated with citrus progressive decline in Fars Province, Iran
Authors: Khanchezar Amin , Izadpanah Keramatollah , Mirtalebi Maryam
Published: July 2020

Citrus decline has become a devastating problem in citrus‐growing regions of southern Iran. The affected trees show progressive yellowing of leaves, thinning of the canopy, dieback and total collapse. Despite a number of attempts, the aetiology of the decline has remained uncertain. In the present study, we evaluated the potential association of various biotic and abiotic factors with the decline in the Fars Province of Iran. Biotic agents surveyed included Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Spiroplasma citri, phytoplasmas, Tylenchulus semipenetrans and root infecting fungi and oomycetes. Abiotic factors studied were soil and water salinity, changes in prevailing temperature and other environmental conditions. In our surveys, Ca. L. asiaticus, either alone or in combination with other factors, had the highest frequency of association (92%) with the decline, followed by S. citri (75%). Ca. L. asiaticus was not detected in any of the non‐decline trees examined. Pythium or Phytophthora species and a fungus of theFusarium solani species complex were also isolated from roots of many declining trees. Phytoplasmas were found only in few cases, and populations of citrus nematode were often below the threshold of economic loss. Soil/water salinity were in the suitable range for citrus cultivation in most cases. It is suggested that the decline is initiated by Ca. L. asiaticus infection, which is known to weaken the root system and make it vulnerable to infection by opportunistic soil fungi and oomycetes. S. citri, summer temperatures, low air humidity and overbearing of the trees seem to be other potential factors contributing to the intensity of the disease.
Men’s experiences of eating disorder treatment: A qualitative systematic review of men‐only studies
Authors: Richardson Candice , Paslakis Georgios
Published: July 2020

Accessible summary

What is known on the subject?

There is a widespread perception that eating disorders are predominantly women´s illnesses. Most studies in the field of eating disorders include predominantly women. Current eating disorder programmes are tailored to meet women´s needs.

At the same time, studies show that the rate of eating disorders among men is rising.

Men tend to seek help for their eating disorder late in the course of their illness; even when they do seek treatment, they run risk of being undiagnosed by health professionals.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

We assessed the current knowledge on how men think and feel about their eating disorders and explored how this may affect their help‐seeking behaviours and how they go about managing their eating disorders.

Men experience unique symptoms and issues that may translate into unique treatment needs.

There is a call to re‐evaluate the current status quo for men with eating disorders regarding access to and receiving treatment for their eating disorders.

What are the implications for practice?

It is becoming an increasing priority to effectively treat men with eating disorders.

Men need to be recognized as stakeholders in eating disorder‐associated health care delivery. Healthcare professionals should receive training about the nature of eating disorders in men.

Eating disorder‐specific treatments will require adaptations to mirror the needs of individuals rather than particular gender/sex entities.

Objective

Despite the widespread perception that eating disorders (EDs) are predominantly experienced by women and girls, the incidence rate among men has risen substantially in recent years. Men may face unique challenges accessing treatment, which can negatively affect prognosis. The present paper aimed to review men's thoughts and feelings about their ED, and their experiences of ED treatment.

Method

We conducted a systematic search for qualitative articles focusing on the treatment experiences of men with EDs.

Results

Nine studies met inclusion criteria. Key themes that emerged across the studies were as follows: (a) recognition of the ED, (b) help‐seeking, (c) treatment characteristics and (d) patient characteristics. Given that EDs are widely regarded to exclusively affect women and girls, men were reluctant to recognize their EDs, faced minimization of their symptoms by health professionals and had difficulty finding treatments that were tailored to their unique needs and preferences as men.

Conclusions

The present findings may serve as reference points to design future ED‐specific interventions that are more inclusive of men. Further studies are needed to explore the differential experiences of men across diagnostic categories and treatment types, as well as elucidate the potential role of men‐only services.
Unexpected presence of the nitrogen‐fixing symbiotic cyanobacterium UCYN‐A in Monterey Bay, California
Authors: Cabello Ana M. , Turk‐Kubo Kendra A. , Hayashi Kendra , Jacobs Lucien , Kudela Raphael M. , Zehr Jonathan P.
Published: July 2020

In the last decade, the known biogeography of nitrogen fixation in the ocean has been expanded to colder and nitrogen‐rich coastal environments. The symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria group A (UCYN‐A) has been revealed as one of the most abundant and widespread nitrogen‐fixers, and includes several sublineages that live associated with genetically distinct but closely related prymnesiophyte hosts. The UCYN‐A1 sublineage is associated with an open ocean picoplanktonic prymnesiophyte, whereas UCYN‐A2 is associated with the coastal nanoplanktonic coccolithophoreBraarudosphaera bigelowii, suggesting that different sublineages may be adapted to different environments. Here, we study the diversity ofnifHgenes present at the Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf in the Monterey Bay (MB), California, and report for the first time the presence of multiple UCYN‐A sublineages, unexpectedly dominated by the UCYN‐A2 sublineage. Sequence and quantitative PCR data over an 8‐year time‐series (2011–2018) showed a shift toward increasing UCYN‐A2 abundances after 2013, and a marked seasonality for this sublineage which was present during summer‐fall months, coinciding with the upwelling‐relaxation period in the MB. Increased abundances corresponded to positive temperature anomalies in MB, and we discuss the possibility of a benthic life stage of the associated coccolithophore host to explain the seasonal pattern. The dominance of UCYN‐A2 in coastal waters of the MB underscores the need to further explore the habitat preference of the different sublineages in order to provide additional support for the hypothesis that UCYN‐A1 and UCYN‐A2 sublineages are different ecotypes.
Fighting to survive: how supply chain managers navigate the emerging legal cannabis industry
Authors: Krause Daniel , Pullman Madeleine
Published: July 2020

The cannabis industry is a new quasi‐legal industry. Growing, selling, and using cannabis are still illegal in most countries. However, 24 countries and 33 U.S. states have approved cannabis for medical use, and five countries and 11 U.S. states allow recreational use. This research focuses on value‐added producers (VAPs), companies that process cannabis to manufacture ingestible, inhalable, or topical products. Due to public health concerns, the VAP tier of the cannabis supply chain faces stringent regulatory focus and turbulence. Using multiple case studies of VAPs in an emerging cannabis industry, this research investigates how these companies' primary supply chain decision‐makers make and implement strategic decisions in an environment characterized by fast‐changing regulations. While the public often perceives this new market as a way for new business owners to get rich quick, the results of this research paint a different picture. Neither significant corporate expertise and funding nor black‐market cannabis experience are necessarily predictors of success. Incorporating the underpinnings of dynamic managerial capabilities, namely managerial cognitive capital, human capital, and social capital, this research investigates how VAP companies have managed their production and supply chains to ultimately thrive, survive, or fail. Human and cognitive capital is important, but social capital that reaches beyond the supply chain is a distinguishing feature of firms that thrive in this nonpredictive environment.
Altered structure and functional connectivity of the central autonomic network in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder
Authors: Li Guanglu , Chen Zhichun , Zhou Liche , Zhao Aonan , Niu Mengyue , Li Yuanyuan , Luo Ningdi , Kang Wenyan , Liu Jun
Published: July 2020

Evidence suggests peripheral autonomic structures may contribute to autonomic dysfunction in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD). However, whether the central autonomic network (CAN) is affected in iRBD remains unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 65 participants (32 patients with iRBD and 33 matched healthy controls). We investigated the CAN in patients with iRBD using a combined voxel‐based morphometry and resting‐state functional connectivity analysis and characterised the relationships between alterations of the CAN and autonomic symptoms. Patients with iRBD had significantly reduced grey matter volume in the brainstem, anterior cingulate and insula compared with healthy controls. Functional connectivity analysis revealed reduced functional connectivity between the brainstem and the cerebellum posterior lobe, temporal lobe and anterior cingulate in patients with iRBD. In patients with iRBD, both reduced grey matter volume and decreased functional connectivity of the CAN were negatively correlated with the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease–Autonomic scores. The present study demonstrated that both the structure and the functional connectivity of the CAN were abnormal in patients with iRBD. In addition, correlation analysis suggested that CAN abnormalities may also play a role in the development of autonomic symptoms in iRBD.
Ultrasonographic features and prevalence of presumed gastric wall edema in dogs with hypoalbuminemia
Authors: Murakami Masahiro , Heng Hock Gan , Lim Chee Kin , Parnell Nolie K. , Sola Mario
Published: July 2020

Background

Ultrasonographic features of gastric wall edema have not been reported in dogs with hypoalbuminemia.

Objectives

To describe the prevalence and ultrasonographic features of gastric wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia and analyze correlation with serum albumin concentrations.

Animals

Forty‐two dogs with abdominal ultrasound and diagnosis of hypoalbuminemia (<2.3 g/dL).

Methods

Retrospective search in the medical records from 2018 to 2019 was performed. Ultrasound studies were reviewed and >5 mm were considered gastric wall thickening. The gastric wall changes such as thickness, layering appearance, echogenicity, echotexture, distribution of lesions, and presence of peritoneal effusion were recorded. Serial ultrasonographic examination and histopathological findings were recorded if available. Mean serum albumin concentration of dogs with and without gastric wall thickening was compared.

Results

Prevalence of gastric wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia was 21.4% (95% confidence intervals 7.4‐35.4%). Mean gastric wall thickness was 10.0 ± 2.0 mm. Preserved mucosal layer and thickening of submucosal layer were observed in all 9 dogs. Five dogs had 3‐layer appearance in thickened submucosal layer. Diffuse wall thickening was observed in 6 dogs. All 9 dogs had peritoneal effusion. Subsequent changes of gastric wall thickening were observed in 3 dogs (range 4‐70 days). Gastric wall edema was confirmed histopathologically in 2 dogs via necropsy. There was no correlation between serum albumin concentration of the dogs and gastric wall thickness.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Findings indicated that gastric wall edema is a common finding in dogs with hypoalbuminemia. However, serum albumin concentrations did not correlate with the gastric wall thickness.
Dominance bySpartina densifloraslows salt marsh litter decomposition
Authors: Daleo Pedro , Montemayor Diana I. , Fanjul Eugenia , Alberti Juan , Martín Bruschetti Carlos , Martinetto Paulina , Pascual Jesús , Iribarne Oscar
Published: July 2020

Questions

Coastal vegetated systems are known to play a fundamental role in climate change mitigation as a result of their efficiency sequestering and storing atmospheric CO2. While most of the work evaluating carbon sequestration capacity has focused on global change factors that can affect carbon release from plant litter decomposition through changes in (large‐scale) environmental conditions, less is known about the possible effects of the loss (or replacement) of dominant species. We hypothesized that dominant marsh plants can influence decomposition not only through changes in litter quality but also through changes in (microscale) soil environmental conditions such as humidity, soil temperature or solar radiation.

Location

We performed a field manipulative experiment in a southwestern (SW) Atlantic salt marsh in Argentina.

Methods

We simulate a selective disturbance (i.e., removal of the dominant grass speciesSpartina densiflora) thus allowing removal plots to develop an alternative plant community. To evaluate the effect of the dominant grass species on litter decomposition, in an experiment we performed a litterbag approach three years after the establishment of the removal plots.

Results

Results showed that the presence ofS. densiflorasignificantly decreased litter decomposition directly by producing less labile litter, but also by effects that seem to be related to its structure as standing dominant vegetation. The experimental removal ofS. densifloraled to an alternative plant community, formed by otherwise subordinate species, which is less densely packed, allowing higher radiation incidence on the soil and elevated midday soil temperature.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that salt marsh litter decomposition, and thus C sequestration, is determined in part by the identity of the dominant plant, not only because of the quality of the produced litter but also as a consequence of the vegetation structure . Changes in species diversity, above all changes in the dominant species in these coastal systems, could have large impacts on the carbon turnover and mitigation capacity of these ecosystems.