bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical Services and Warfare, Module II
Authors: DeNotto Michael
Published: October 2021

Medical Services and Warfare (MSW) is a unique, interdisciplinary, and primary source-focused resource from Adam Matthew Digital that can support disciplines across academia including historical research, military history, gender studies, public health, nursing history, interdisciplinary
studies, disability and disease studies, and any programs that look at the progress and advancement of medicine and medical technology. MSW offers collections of high quality materials that include government documents, correspondence, digitized books and periodicals, maps, images, historical
objects, scientific notebooks, oral histories, ephemera, videos, contextualizing essays, and the handwritten text searchable papers of Florence Nightingale and Alexander Fleming. MSW and its two modules cover North American and European conflicts between 1850-1949, allowing the user to view
military conflicts as a lens through which to examine medical technology and advancement.
Pivot-RP
Authors: Dworak Ellie , Hudson née Laura Suzanne
Published: October 2021

Pivot-RP is a source of research funding opportunities, facilitating research collaborations, and offering insight into the funding landscape as well as internal benchmarks. Pivot-RP addresses the needs of researchers and research development professionals alike.
Morphology and Histology of the Mysticete’s Prostate and Its Implications in Male Fertility
Authors: C. M. Suárez-Santana , A. Fernández , M. J. Caballero , M. A. Rivero , M. Arbelo
Published: October 2021

The global whale population has dramatically declined in the past centuries due to anthropogenic abuse, whereas, climate change, ship strikes, entanglements, pollution, and water debris are currently making an enormous impact on the recovery of all whales on the planet.

The prostate is recognized as the only male accessory gland in odontocete cetaceans, and prostatic pathologies have been recently described as very common in these animals. But nothing is reported about the male accessory gland in any species of mysticete. Here, we describe the topography and histology of the prostate of two baleen whales: a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) and a Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera edeni) and conclude that in the mysticetes, the prostate displays the same general morphologic and histologic characteristics as in odontocetes.

The prostatic gland of the mysticete may be a target for many pathogens that wants to spread by a sexual transition to other animals and the offspring which may have great impact on reproductive capability for the individuals.
Bangladesh toward Digital Financial Inclusion: FinTech Experience
Authors: Ahmed Asma , Enamul Hasan Md.
Published: October 2021

Digitalization in financial services, in another way financial technology or FinTech, has drastically extended financial intermediation while customers are experiencing and engaging with the development of new digital products and competencies. Nevertheless, over two billion people worldwide remain out of accessing financial services that make financial inclusion an equally important concern for all economies, including Bangladesh. Over the last few years, a good number of academic literature has been made on FinTech covering how essential it is to serve the unbanked and underbanked countries. This study tries to provide an inclusive survey of relevant literature on FinTech and its potential to disruptive financial intermediation globally and nationally. Therefore, a descriptive research design has been adopted entirely based on secondary resources and mostly relying on the Global Findex database, International Monetary Fund (IMF) releases, and Bangladesh Bank reports. It has been evident that digital financial inclusion is connecting more and more people to the financial system at a growing pace resulting in substantial welfare benefits throughout the nation. Even if the active use of mobile money systems, digital banking, especially internet banking, is reshaping our bank. However, there is much work to be done compassing the challenges and the threats of FinTech as important policy issues for the existing financial landscape. In conclusion, this study provides an insight into the country's digital financial system and contributes to further study in relevant disciplines.
大德蘭和十字若望所心儀的《雅歌》
Authors: 關永中 關永中
Published: October 2021

西方神祕主義論及人神之愛，都多少牽涉到《舊約．雅歌》的主題與象徵。在神祕冥合的高峰上，我們尚且聆聽到大德蘭《默思〈雅歌〉》和十字若望《靈歌》的間奏與和鳴。我們為此把《雅歌》、《默思》、《靈歌》三者綜合起來沉思，盼能浸潤在屬天綸音的律動下，獲致身、心、靈的諧協、啟發與進境。

 

Christian mysticism has its affinity concerning the Spiritual Love between God and Man as visualized in the Song of Songs. Great mystical writers as St. Teresa of Avila and St. John of the Cross, having meditated on the symbols and themes of the Song. of Solomon, have left to us beautiful passages which we may benefit abundantly when reflected upon their thoughts. Hopefully we attempt to make a survey on the Connections and discrepancies among the three masterpieces-the Song of Songs, Teresa’s Meditations on the Song of Songs, and John of the Cross’ Spiritual Canticle.

 
Natalia Corrales Cordero, trabajadora social y dirigenta sindical feminista
Authors: Cortés Mancilla Rodrigo
Published: October 2021

Natalia Corrales Cordero, trabajadora social y dirigenta sindical feminista
EVALUATION OF OPTIMAL ECOLOGICAL TOURISM ROUTES OBTAINED VIA GOOGLE EARTH SOFTWARE IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA
Authors: Araújo Júnior Carlos Alberto , Miranda Paulo Ricardo Santos , Gonçalves Thais Sales , Zuba Sthefany Mendes , Castro Renato Vinícius Oliveira , Marcatti Gustavo Eduardo
Published: October 2021

Ecological tourism stands out as an economic activity that can be reconciled with nature conservation. Such activities have been carried out in several conservation units in Brazil. However, for satisfactory implementation, it is necessary to effectively plan the activities to be conducted, places to be visited, and paths to reach those places. In this context, we aimed to assess whether Google Earth software can assist in the expansion of the plan to use these areas for ecotourism, especially the routes that may be taken by tourists within the conservation unit. For this purpose, tourist interest sites were defined in the State Environmental Protection Area of Rio Pandeiros in the northern region of the state of Minas Gerais. The shortest routes between the pairs of locations obtained using Google Earth and QGIS software were evaluated. Additionally, it was necessary to perform vectorization and classification of all roads in the area. The lengths of the paths obtained were compared using a method identity test. The results showed that for most routes, Google Earth showed longer paths than QGIS. It can be concluded that for the purpose of ecotourism, precise planning should consider the vectorization of roads in areas with many rural roads.
Meat quality of lambs fed phytogenic additives
Authors:   Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Zeola Nivea Maria Brancacci Lopes , Silva Sobrinho Américo Garcia da ,   Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Borba Hirasilva ,   Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Giroto Laura Guilardi ,   Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Franhani Julia Consolim ,   Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Barbosa José Carlos ,   Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias
Published: October 2021

The study was developed in the Sheep Production Laboratory of the Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Thirty-two non-castrated Ile de France lambs weighing 20.0 ± 0.2 kg received 4 diets with a roughage: concentrate ratio of 40: 60. The experimental treatments consisted of D1: corn silage + concentrate; D2: corn silage + concentrate + 30 mg rosemary extract kg body weight1; D3: corn silage + concentrate + 30 mg green tea extract kg body weight-1; and D4: corn silage + concentrate + 30 mg oregano extract kg body weight-1, up to 35.0 ± 0.2 kg body weight. The objectives were to evaluate rib eye area, cholesterol content, lipid oxidation, qualitative parameters, as well as perform sensory analysis, centesimal composition, and fatty acid profile of the meat. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and eight replicates. The treatments were compared by Tukey’s test through the SAS software (Statistical Analysis System Institute [SAS], 2003). Inclusion of phytogenic additives into the diets did not affect the qualitative parameters cholesterol content, lipid oxidation, and centesimal composition (except for protein content, which was lower in D2, 22.57%, compared to D1, 25.62%), as well as meat fatty acid profile (except for C18: 1n7 cis-vaccenic). The use of phytogenic additives provided suitable qualitative parameters.
Carcass and meat characteristics of Dorper x Santa Ines lambs finished in pasture, silvopastoral system, and feedlot
Authors:   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Menezes Bruna Martins de , Silva Daniel Gonçalves da ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bisneto Bento Martins de Menezes ,   Universidade Federal do Pampa, Bettencourt Arthur Fernandes ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Pias Giovane Menegon ,   Universidade Federal do Pampa, Pinho Angélica Pereira dos Santos ,   Universidade Federal do Pampa, Isola José Victor Vieira ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Baungratz Andressa Radtke ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Macedo Vicente de Paulo ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Published: October 2021

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carcass and meat of Dorper x Santa Ines crossbred lambs finished in a silvopastoral system, pasture or feedlot. Twenty-four non-castrated male lambs were used (8 animals in each production system). The experimental design was completely randomized, with three production systems and eight replications. The production systems were: pasture of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruana, without shading + feed supplementation (Pasture); pasture of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruana, with natural shading provided by the native laurel tree (Cordia trichotoma) + feed supplementation (Silvopastoral) and feedlot. The cold carcass weight, empty body weight, cold carcass yield, fat color, fat consistency and carcass compactness index showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between production systems, with higher values observed in the feedlot. The shoulder weight and the percentage of shoulder components (bones, muscle, fat and others), did not significantly differ (P > 0.05) between production systems. The pasture silvopastoral systems presented similar results and also, when contrasted with the feedlot system, did not influence the parameters related to meat. Feedlot provided better quantitative and qualitative characteristics to the lambs’ carcassess.
Ökumenische Performance
Authors: Hild Christian , Rego Juan
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to explore both the textual performance and the cultural transfer of the Word of God from a Protestant (Christian Hild) and Catholic perspective (Juan Rego). Building on Pope Benedict XVI’s post-synodal apostolical exhortation Verbum Domini (§ 53), the variety of ritual performances of the Word will be analysed in terms of an “ecumenical performance” in order to explore the common theological foundation of both confessions
Translational Hermeneutics Meets Cognitive Science: On the Notion of Performance, Intersubjectivity, and Space in the Translational Process
Authors: Piecychna Beata
Published: October 2021

This paper is a preliminary attempt to connect, within the field of translation studies, the following: firstly, the results of the latest empirical studies on the role of mental simulation in the processing of the text; secondly, Hans-Georg Gadamer’s ideas concerning effective history; thirdly, the main tenets of spatiality and of cognitive narratology. One of the goals of the paper is also to attempt to demonstrate how the legacy of both hermeneutics and cognitive sciences might be reconciled in order to offer a new analytical approach and investigative framework which could suggest an interesting developmental trajectory within translational hermeneutics. Building on Magdalena Rembowska-Płuciennik’s (2012) views on intersubjectivity – that is, the ability to adopt someone else’s perspective as well as to read someone’s mind – I will attempt to demonstrate to what extent the target text (here, the earliest Polish translation of Anne of Green Gables from 1912) might be analysed by translation scholars in the light of the translator’s ability to empathize with the author in regards to the narratological devices used in the source text, as well as in light of the target text reader’s and the translator’s potential sensorimotor and perceptual activities being performed in their minds while creating a translation and while receiving it by the reader of the translation.
Local Recurrence and Disease-Free Survival After Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision: Results From the International TaTME Registry
Authors: Roodbeen Sapho X. , Penna Marta , van Dieren Susan , Moran Brendan , Tekkis Paris , Tanis Pieter J. , Hompes Roel , _ _
Published: October 2021

Background: The oncologic safety of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) for rectal cancer has recently been questioned, with high local recurrence (LR) rates reported in Dutch and Norwegian experiences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oncologic safety of TaTME in a large cohort of patients with primary rectal cancer, primarily in terms of LR, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Patients and Methods: This was a prospective international registry cohort study, including all patients who underwent TaTME for primary rectal adenocarcinoma from February 2010 through December 2018. The main endpoints were 2-year LR rate, pattern of LR, and independent risk factors for LR. Secondary endpoints included 2-year DFS and OS rates. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to calculate actuarial LR, DFS, and OS rates. Results: A total of 2,803 patients receiving primary TaTME were included, predominantly men (71%) with a median age of 65 years (interquartile ratio, 57–73 years). After a median follow-up of 24 months (interquartile ratio, 12–38 months), the 2-year LR rate was 4.8% (95% CI, 3.8%–5.8%) with a unifocal LR pattern in 99 of 103 patients (96%). Independent risk factors for LR were male sex, threatened resection margin on baseline MRI, pathologic stage III cancer, and a positive circumferential resection margin on final histopathology. The 2-year DFS and OS rates were 77% (95% CI, 75%–79%) and 92% (95% CI, 91%–93%), respectively. Conclusions: This largest TaTME cohort to date supports the oncologic safety of the TaTME technique for rectal cancer in patients treated in units that contributed to an international registry, with an acceptable 2-year LR rate and a predominantly unifocal LR pattern.
A Note on the Tension between Silent Elements and Lexical Ambiguity, with Special Reference to Inalienable Possession*
Authors: Kayne Richard S.
Published: October 2021

A number of examples of antecedentless deletion are discussed. In each, the presence of silent elements simplifies the interpretation, in the sense that the interpretive component can now read, in a direct way, more off the syntax than it could have in the absence of those silent elements.
Mundo 'hacker' y diseño (III): cultura ‘maker’, entre el diseñador ‘hacker’ y el diseñador neocón
Authors: Foglia Efraín
Published: October 2021

Además del hacker, revisaremos la figura contemporánea del maker. La figura del maker nace vinculada a la fabricación digital en los inicios del año 2000. Muchas personas ven a esta figura como la domesticación de los hackers, jóvenes de clase media, provenientes de ámbitos creativos y que se especializan en el relato de las recién llegadas tecnologías de la fabricación digital. Los makers ondean la bandera de una nueva sociedad de consumo más democrática.
NEVERBALNA KOMUNIKACIJA KAO MODEL SOCIJALNE INTERAKCIJE
Authors: Manić Mihajlo
Published: October 2021

Jezik, nesumnjivo, predstavlja najvažnije sredstvo čovekovog sporazumevanja, ali ono se može odvijati i posredstvom neverbalne komunikacije. Primeri su mnogobrojni: izraz lica, kontakt očiju ili gestikulacija, držanje tela, pokreti ruku..., pri čemu postoje neverbalni aspekti verbalne komunikacije (kolebanje, kašalj, jačina, tempo, intonacija, boja glasa, naglasak – paralingvistički elementi). Bez obzira na činjenicu da određeno društvo ima sopstveni jezik, nije moguće zaključiti da se čovekova komunikativna praksa, isključivo zasniva na verbalnoj komunikaciji. Jezik tela se, kao i verbalni jezik, uči u određenom društvu i razlikuje se od društva do društva. Interpretacija neverbalnom komunikacijom se temelji na ličnom iskustvu. Neverbalnom komunikacijom se prenosi informacija o onome ko govori i o komunikativnoj situaciji u kojoj se on nalazi, o njegovim stavovima i mišljenjima. Pomoću nje se uspostavljaju međuljudski odnosi, odnosi koje komunikator želi sa drugim, koristeći neverbalne kanale komuniciranja (gestovi, ton i boja glasa, grimase, izraz lica, facijalna ekspresija) posredstvom kojih komunikator prenosi svoje namere. Često neverbalna komunikacija više govori o odnosu, nego li o samom govorniku, odnosno, primaocu.
PROBLEM FINANSIRANJA JAVNIH EMITERA
Authors: Dušanić - Gačić Svetlana
Published: October 2021

Neriješeno finansiranje, veliki problemi u pogledu ljudskih resursa i neadekvatna etnička zastupljenosti, zatim neispunjavanje zakonskih obaveza u pogledu jednake zastupljenosti jezika i sadržaja povezanih s tradicionalim naslijeđima konstitutivnih naroda, dio su problema javnih emitera u Bosni i Hercegovini. Javne televizije u BiH redovne aktivnosti finansiraju putem RTV takse i od marketinga. Svaki od tri javna emitera djeluje kao nezavisno preduzeće i odgovoran je za vlastito finansijsko poslovanje. Problem predstavlja i stranačna poslušnost javnih emitera koji građanima daju povod da revoltirani odbijaju plaćati RTV taksu.
Resumos do XVI Simpósio de Iniciação Científica do Centro Universitário FMABC
Authors: Comissão de Iniciação Científica da FMABC
Published: October 2021

Não se aplica
The effect of postoperative oral antibiotic therapy on the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification surgery in dogs: 368 eyes (1997–2010)
Authors: Sorhus Meg D. , Corr Amanda , Sun Xiaocun , Ward Daniel A.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To assess the effectiveness of postoperative administration of oral antibiotics at reducing the incidence of endophthalmitis following phacoemulsification cataract extraction in dogs.

Methods

Medical records of the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed for cases having undergone phacoemulsification and divided according to whether or not they had received oral antibiotics postoperatively. Records were then evaluated for a diagnosis of endophthalmitis and incidence rates between the group receiving postoperative oral antibiotics and the group not receiving postoperative oral antibiotics were compared.

Results

A total of 215 patients (368 eyes) were identified by the search. One-hundred twelve patients (197 eyes) were treated with oral antibiotics postoperatively. One-hundred and three patients (171 eyes) were not treated with oral antibiotics postoperatively. Three cases of endophthalmitis were identified, with one in the antibiotic-treated group and two in the non-antibiotic treated group (P> 0.05, Fisher’s exact test).

Conclusions

The overall incidence of endophthalmitis at the University of Tennessee from 1997–2010 was 0.82%. The rate of post-phacoemulsification endophthalmitis was unaffected by the postoperative administration of oral antibiotics.
Optimization of Spray Fluid for Herbicide Application for Drones in Irrigated Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Supriya C. , MuraliArthanari P. , Kumaraperumal R. , Sivamurugan A. P.
Published: October 2021

A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design to screen the optimum spray fluid of herbicide application for drone based on visual toxicity and weed control efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.) during the summer season (March 2021) at eastern block farms of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Three herbicide treatments namely Atrazine, Tembotrione and 2, 4-D with recommended dosages, 75% and 125% as pre-emergence herbicides applied on 3 days after, early post-emergence herbicides applied on 15 days after sowing and post-emergence applied on 25 days after sowing respectively. Totally thirty treatments with different spray fluids such as 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, 80, 60, 40, 30 L ha-1 and 20 L ha-1 were replicated three times. The study revealed that T5- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 100 L of water ha-1),T6- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione–post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 80 L of water ha-1), T7- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 60 L of water ha-1) and T8- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 40 L of water ha-1) produced the best results with respect to phytotoxicity and weed control efficiency. Based on the results it was concluded that the application of spray fluid 80 L ha-1 was optimum for herbicide application through drones with recommended dosage pre emergence Atrazine 1 kg a.i ha-1 on 3 days after sowing – early post emergence Tembotrione 120 g a.i ha-1 on 15-20 days after sowing - post emergence 2, 4-D 1 kg a.i ha-1 on 30 - 35 days after sowing.
MicroRNA expression in lung tissues of asbestos-exposed mice: Upregulation of miR-21 and downregulation of tumor suppressor genes Pdcd4 and Reck
Authors: Hiraku Yusuke , Watanabe Jun , Kaneko Akira , Ichinose Takamichi , Murata Mariko
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Asbestos causes lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma in humans, but the precise mechanism has not been well understood. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a short non-coding RNA that suppresses gene expression and participates in human diseases including cancer. In this study, we examined the expression levels of miRNA and potential target genes in lung tissues of asbestos-exposed mice by microarray analysis.

Methods

We intratracheally administered asbestos (chrysotile and crocidolite, 0.05 or 0.2 mg/instillation) to 6-week-old ICR male mice four times weekly. We extracted total RNA from lung tissues and performed microarray analysis for miRNA and gene expression. We also carried out real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to confirm the results of microarray analysis.

Results

Microarray analysis revealed that the expression levels of 14 miRNAs were significantly changed by chrysotile and/or crocidolite (>2-fold, P < .05). Especially, miR-21, an oncogenic miRNA, was significantly upregulated by both chrysotile and crocidolite. In database analysis, miR-21 was predicted to target tumor suppressor genes programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) and reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (Reck). Although real-time PCR showed that Pdcd4 was not significantly downregulated by asbestos exposure, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that PDCD4 expression was reduced especially by chrysotile. Reck was significantly downregulated by chrysotile in real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Conclusions

This is the first study demonstrating that miR-21 was upregulated and corresponding tumor suppressor genes were downregulated in lung tissues of asbestos-exposed animals. These molecular events are considered to be an early response to asbestos exposure and may contribute to pulmonary toxicity and carcinogenesis.
A cross-sectional study of the association between effort-reward imbalance and psychologic distress among Japanese dietitians
Authors: Yaginuma-Sakurai Kozue , Saito Chotoku , Kasahara Yoshiko , Tsuno Kanami , Yoshimasu Kouichi , Tatsuta Nozomi , Goto Miki , Nakai Kunihiko
Published: October 2021

Objectives

This study aims to clarify dietitians’ effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and examine its association with psychologic distress.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 3593 questionnaires were distributed to dietitians in about 110 organizations and 1890 responses were received (response rate 52.6%). Hence, a total of 1743 valid questionnaires were used in the analysis. Effort-reward (ER) ratio was measured by a subscale of the ERI Questionnaire, and psychologic distress was measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). The association between the ER ratio and psychologic distress was analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis with covariates.

Results

The mean ER ratio was 0.83 (SD = 0.53) and ERI (ER ratio >1) prevalence was 26.3%. The mean K6 score was 7.1 (5.3), and psychologic distress (K6 score ≥5) prevalence was 62.4%. The increased psychologic distress was associated with a higher ER ratio, less support from supervisors and coworkers, and lower age and household income. ERI was significantly associated with psychologic distress, even after being adjusted for covariates.

Conclusions

Dietitians experience high stress, as shown by their high ER ratio and K6 scores. Their ERI was greatly associated with psychologic distress.
Philomatry in plants: why do so many species have limited seed dispersal?
Authors: Cheplick Gregory P.
Published: October 2021

Many have noted limited seed dispersal of plants in diverse environments and attempted evolutionary explanations for it. Althoughphilopatric(“love of fatherland”) is used by zoologists to describe organisms that remain near their place of origin,philomatric(“love of motherland”) is proposed as more appropriate for plants because seeds develop on thematernalparent, fecundity and dispersal arematernallyinfluenced characteristics, and the term dovetails with themother‐site hypothesis (MSH) for the evolution of restricted dispersal. Proximate reasons for philomatry include intrinsic drivers such as morphological features of diaspores and where on the maternal parent they are produced. Extrinsic drivers include local environmental conditions, surrounding vegetation, and ineffective dispersal agents. The MSH proposes that selection should favor philomatry in a population adapted to a particular habitat because offspring will likewise be adapted to that same habitat. Several studies show philomatry can mitigate distance‐dependent costs of dispersing into surrounding inhospitable areas. Undispersed diaspores can eliminate energetic costs of accessory structures or biochemicals needed by dispersible diaspores, but it is unclear whether these costs are significant to the evolution of philomatry. Disadvantages of limited dispersal are inability to escape deteriorating habitat conditions, inability to colonize new habitats, and inbreeding among offspring. Heterocarpic species offset these disadvantages by producing dispersed plus undispersed diaspores. A conceptual framework is presented relating dispersal distance to the probability of seedling establishment. Future research should recognize dispersal as a covarying syndrome of multiple life history traits and focus on ecological selection agents that favor philomatry.
The influence of seasonality, anthropogenic disturbances, and cyclonic activity on the behavior of northern sportive lemurs (Lepilemur septentrionalis) at Montagne des Français, Madagascar
Authors: Dinsmore Mary P. , Strier Karen B. , Louis Edward E.
Published: October 2021

Anthropogenic tropical deforestation and degradation imminently threaten primates today. Primates living in these disturbed habitats may also be subjected to increasingly severe tropical storms such as cyclones or hurricanes. These disturbances pose an immediate risk to their livelihood and can dramatically alter their habitats, in turn potentially shifting behavioral patterns. We had the unique opportunity to study the effects of seasonality, anthropogenic disturbances, and the immediate effects of a cyclone on the behavior of the critically endangered northern sportive lemur (NSL) in an anthropogenically disturbed forest in Madagascar. Cyclone Enawo made landfall on March 7, 2017 in northeast Madagascar with sustained wind speeds of 230 km/h. We collected behavioral data on nine individual NSLs during both wet and dry seasons, before and after Cyclone Enawo, and in areas of differing human activity, using scan sampling at 5‐min intervals. We ran generalized linear mixed models to test the effects of seasonality and disturbances on behavior. We found that NSLs spent more time feeding in dry months compared with wet (Z = −4.21, p < 0.001). More specifically, they spent more time‐consuming leaves and vine species in the dry season (Z = −2.26, p = 0.02; Z = −2.3; p = 0.02). We also found that NSLs were observed at lower heights in trees after the cyclone (Z = −2.45; p = 0.016) and spent more time in the interior portions of trees (Z = 3.44; p < 0.001), perhaps due to extensive limb damage of emergent trees documented after the cyclone. Our analyses show that seasonality affected most aspects of NSL behavior, followed by the effects of Cyclone Enawo, with anthropogenic disturbances having little effect. Our data suggest that the behavioral flexibility of NSLs in response to predictable seasonality may enable them to respond similarly to stochastic climatic disturbances. However, their generalist diet may allow them to persist in anthropogenically disturbed landscapes without the need to greatly alter their behavior.
A Bilayer Osteochondral Scaffold with Self‐Assembled Monomeric Collagen Type‐I, Type‐II, and Polymerized Chondroitin Sulfate Promotes Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Rashidi Narjes , Tamaddon Maryam , Liu Chaozong , Brand David D , Czernuszka Jan
Published: October 2021

Osteochondral (OC) injuries are suffered by over 40 million patients in Europe alone. Tissue‐engineering approaches may provide a more promising alternative over current treatments by potentially eliminating the need for revision surgery and creating a long‐term substitute. Herein, the goal is to capture the natural biological and mechanical properties of the joint by developing a bilayer scaffold that is novel in two ways: first, a biomimetic bottom‐up approach is used to improve production precision and reduce immunogenicity; monomeric collagen type I and II are self‐assembled to fibrils and then processed to 3D scaffolds. Second, to induce a tissue‐specific response in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), polymerized chondroitin sulfate (PCS) is synthesized and grafted to collagen II and hydroxyapatite (HA) is added to collagen I. Incorporation of PCS into collagen II induces a chondrogenic response by upregulation of COL2A1 and ACAN expression, and incorporation of HA into collagen I stimulates osteogenesis and upregulates the expression of COL1A2 and RUNX2. It is remarkable that MSCs give rise to distinct behavior of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the two different regions of the bilayer scaffold. This hybrid scaffold of collagen II‐PCS and collagen I‐HA offers a great potential treatment for OC injuries.
Reevaluation of the cranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the early crocodyliform Eopneumatosuchus colberti, with an emphasis on its endocranial anatomy
Authors: Melstrom Keegan M. , Turner Alan H. , Irmis Randall B.
Published: October 2021

Eopneumatosuchus colberti Crompton and Smith, 1980, known from a single partial skull, is an enigmatic crocodylomorph from the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation. In spite of its unique morphology, an exceptionally pneumatic braincase, and presence during a critical time period of crocodylomorph evolution, relatively little is known about this taxon. Here, we redescribe the external cranial morphology of E. colberti, present novel information on its endocranial anatomy, evaluate its phylogenetic position among early crocodylomorphs, and seek to better characterize its ecology. Our examination clarifies key aspects of cranial suture paths and braincase anatomy. Comparisons with related taxa (e.g., Protosuchus haughtoni) demonstrate that extreme pneumaticity of the braincase may be more widespread in protosuchids than previously appreciated. Computed tomography scans reveal an endocranial morphology that resembles that of other early crocodylomorphs, in particular the noncrocodyliform crocodylomorph Almadasuchus figarii. There are, however, key differences in olfactory bulb and cerebral hemisphere morphology, which demonstrate the endocranium of crocodylomorphs is not as conserved as previously hypothesized. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers E. colberti as a close relative of Protosuchus richardsoni and Edentosuchus tienshanensis, contrasting with previous hypotheses of a sister group relationship with Thalattosuchia. Previous work suggested the inner ear has some similarities to semi‐aquatic crocodyliforms, but the phylogenetic placement of E. colberti among protosuchids with a terrestrial postcranial skeletal morphology complicates paleoecological interpretation.
Unraveling the innate immune responses of Bombyx mori hemolymph, fat body, and midgut to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus oral infection by metabolomic analysis
Authors: Wang Guobao , Xu Dandan , Guo Dingge , Zhang Yuzhuo , Mai Xiaoxi , Zhang Baoren , Cao Hui , Zhang Shengxiang
Published: October 2021

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection causes a series of physiological and pathological changes in Bombyx mori (B. mori). Here, a metabolomic study of the innate immunity organs including hemolymph, fat body, and midgut of the silkworm strain Dazao following BmNPV challenge was conducted to reveal the metabolic variations in B. mori. Compared to the control, 4964 and 4942 features with 4077 and 4327 high‐quality features were generated under positive and negative modes, respectively, from BmNPV‐infected larvae. The principal component analysis and supervised learning method using partial least squares discrimination analysis demonstrated good analytical stability and experimental reproducibility of the metabolic profiles. Based on database annotations, a total of 296, 108, and 215 differential expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified from BmNPV‐infected group of hemolymph, fat body, and midgut, respectively, which were all mainly grouped into carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls, and glycerophospholipids. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Database enrichment analysis of the DEMs showed that amino acid metabolism was increased at 24 h after BmNPV infection. BmNPV induction was adopted to significantly alter a series of immune‐related pathways including phospholipase D signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, melanogenesis, membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. The different levels of expression of several DEMs including l‐glutamate, naphthalene, 3‐succinoylpyridine 1‐acyl‐sn‐glycerol 3‐phosphate, and l‐tyrosine which were involved in those pathways exhibited the immune responses of B. mori to BmNPV infection. Our findings are valuable for a better understanding of the antiviral mechanism of B. mori underlying the interaction between the silkworm and BmNPV.
The representation of argumentation in scientific papers: A comparative analysis of two research areas
Authors: Wang Xiaoguang , Song Ningyuan , Zhou Huimin , Cheng Hanghang
Published: October 2021

Scientific papers are essential manifestations of evolving scientific knowledge, and arguments are an important avenue to communicate research results. This study aims to understand how the argumentation process is represented in scientific papers, which is important for knowledge representation, discovery, and retrieval. First, based on fundamental argument theory and scientific discourse ontologies, a coding schema, including 17 categories was constructed. Thereafter, annotation experiments were conducted with 40 scientific articles randomly selected from two different research areas (library and information science and biomedical sciences). Statistical analysis and the sequential pattern mining method were then employed; the ratio of different argumentation units and evidence types were calculated, the argumentation semantics of figures and tables analyzed, and the argumentation structures extracted. A correlation analysis between argumentation and rhetorical structures was also performed to further reveal how argumentation was represented within scientific discourses. The results indicated a difference in the proportion of the argumentation units in the two types of scientific papers, as well as a similar linear construction with differences in the specific argument structures of each knowledge domain and a clear correlation between argumentation and rhetorical structure.
Reachability problem considering running cost
Authors: Liao Wei , Wei Xiaohui , Lai Jizhou
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we generalize the definition of reachable set. The classic definition of reachable set is a set of system states that can be driven into the target set within a given time horizon. Sometimes, the concern of researchers is not the time consumption but some other form of cost of driving the system state toward the target set. Under this background, the definition of cost‐limited reachable set is put forward in this paper. In this definition, the cost is the time integral of some form of running cost, and the running cost can be a function of system state and control input. By introducing a value function, a method to compute the cost‐limited reachable sets is proposed. In this method, the value function is approximated using recursion and interpolation. Then the cost‐limited reachable sets can be characterized by a family of level sets of the value function. At the end of this paper, some examples are taken to illustrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.
Extremely inverted peaked spectrum radio sources
Authors: Mhaskey Mukul , Paul Surajit , Krishna Gopal
Published: October 2021

We report our ongoing search for extremely inverted spectrum compact radio galaxies, for which the defining feature in the radio spectrum is not the spectral peak, but instead the slope of the spectrum () in the high‐opacity (i.e., lower frequency) part of the radio spectrum. Specifically, our focus is on the spectral regime with a spectral index, . The motivation for our study is, first, extragalactic sources with such extreme spectral index are extremely rare, because of the unavailability of the right combination of sensitivity and resolution over a range of low frequencies. The second reason is more physically motivated since α = +2.5 is the maximum slope theoretically possible for a standard radio source emitting synchrotron radiation. Therefore such sources could be the test‐bed for some already proposed alternative scenarios for synchrotron self‐absorption (SSA), like the free‐free absorption (FFA) highlighting the importance of jet‐ISM interaction in the radio galaxy evolution.
COVID‐19 coagulopathies: Human blood proteins mimic SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, vaccine proteins and bacterial co‐infections inducing autoimmunity
Authors: Root‐Bernstein Robert
Published: October 2021

Severe COVID‐19 is often accompanied by coagulopathies such as thrombocytopenia and abnormal clotting. Rarely, such complications follow SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. The cause of these coagulopathies is unknown. It is hypothesized that coagulopathies accompanying SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and vaccinations result from bacterial co‐infections that synergize with virus‐induced autoimmunity due to antigenic mimicry of blood proteins by both bacterial and viral antigens. Coagulopathies occur mainly in severe COVID‐19 characterized by bacterial co‐infections with Streptococci, Staphylococci, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. These bacteria express unusually large numbers of antigens mimicking human blood antigens, as do both SARS‐CoV‐2 and adenoviruses. Bacteria mimic cardiolipin, prothrombin, albumin, and platelet factor 4 (PF4). SARS‐CoV‐2 mimics complement factors, Rh antigens, platelet phosphodiesterases, Factors IX and X, von Willebrand Factor (VWF), and VWF protease ADAMTS13. Adenoviruses mimic prothrombin and platelet factor 4. Bacterial prophylaxis, avoidance of vaccinating bacterially infected individuals, and antigen deletion for vaccines may reduce coagulopathy risk. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/zWDOsghrPg8
Effect of covalent photoconjugation of affibodies to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on cellular quiescence
Authors: Roy Shambojit , Curry Shane D. , Bibbey Michael G. , Chapnick Douglas A. , Liu Xuedong , Goodwin Andrew P. , Cha Jennifer N.
Published: October 2021

Cellular quiescence is a reversible state of cell cycle arrest whereby cells are temporarily maintained in the nondividing phase. Inducing quiescence in cancer cells by targeting growth receptors is a treatment strategy to slow cell growth in certain aggressive tumors, which in turn increases the efficacy of treatments such as surgery or systemic chemotherapy. However, ligand interactions with cell receptors induce receptor‐mediated endocytosis followed by proteolytic degradation, which limits the duration of cellular quiescence. Here, we report the effects of targeted covalent affibody photoconjugation to epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) on EGFR‐positive MDA‐MB‐468 breast cancer cells. First, covalently conjugating affibodies to cells increased doubling time two‐fold and reduced ERK activity by 30% as compared to cells treated with an FDA‐approved anti‐EGFR antibody Cetuximab, which binds to EGFR noncovalently. The distribution of cells in each phase of the cell cycle was determined, and cells conjugated with the affibody demonstrated an accumulation in the G1 phase, indicative of G1 cell cycle arrest. Finally, the proliferative capacity of the cells was determined by the incorporation of 5‐ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine and Ki67 Elisa assay, which showed that the percentage of proliferative cells with photoconjugated affibody was half of that found for the untreated control.
Kinetics of Epoxidation of Cyclooctene with Ionic Liquids Containing Tungstate as Micellar Catalyst
Authors: Zehner Bastian , Korth Wolfgang , Schmidt Fabian , Cokoja Mirza , Jess Andreas
Published: October 2021

The kinetics of cyclooctene epoxidation with H2O2 by micellar catalysis was studied. As catalyst, an ionic liquid (IL) containing the catalytically active tungstate anion was used. The tungstate IL forms micelles in the aqueous H2O2 phase. It is simply formed by dissolving sodium tungstate and 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [OMIM][BF4] in aqueous H2O2. For the epoxidation of cyclooctene by micellar catalysis, a power law kinetic model was determined that takes the critical micelle concentration into account. The kinetics of the [OMIM][BF4]/Na2WO4 catalyst is similar to pure [OMIM]2[WO4], which indicates that the active species is formed in situ. Addition of phenylphosphonic acid improves the activity of the tungstate IL. The most effective catalyst was tested in a semi‐continuous and continuous loop reactor.
Parts‐per‐Million‐Level, Catalytic [3+2]‐Annulations for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Methanobenzo[7]annulenes
Authors: Thirupathi Guguloth , Ashok Etikala , Suresh Kumar A. , Ramachary Dhevalapally B.
Published: October 2021

3‐Alkyl‐lawsones selectively reacted with α‐alkyl‐nitroethylenes under 500 parts‐per‐million (ppm) quinine‐NH‐thiourea‐catalysis to furnish the chiral methanobenzo[7]annulenes in up to >99 % ee with >20 : 1 dr and TON up to 1820 through tandem Michael/Henry [3+2]‐annulations. These asymmetric ppm‐level, catalytic tandem [3+2]‐annulations would be highly inspirational for the design of many more ppm‐level organocatalytic reactions, and at the same time these final molecules are basic skeletons of antibiotics.
All Ag Nanoparticles Are Not the Same: Covalent Interactions between Ag Nanoparticles and Nitrile Groups Help Combat Drug‐ and Ag‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Mohanty Abhijeet , Fatrekar Adarsh P. , Vernekar Amit A.
Published: October 2021

Antimicrobial resistance has long been viewed as a lethal threat to global health. Despite the availability of a wide range of antibacterial medicines all around the world, organisms have evolved a resistance mechanism to these therapies. As a result, a scenario has emerged requiring the development of effective antibacterial drugs/agents. In this article, we exclusively highlight a significant finding reported by Zbořil and associates (Adv. Sci. 2021, 2003090). The authors construct a covalently bounded silver‐cyanographene (GCN/Ag) with the antibacterial activity of 30 fold higher than that of free Ag ions or typical Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). Ascribed to the strong covalent bond between nitrile and Ag, an immense cytocompatibility is shown by the GCN/Ag towards healthy human cells with a minute leaching of Ag ions. Firm interactions between the microbial membrane and the GCN/Ag are confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, which rule out the dependence of antibacterial activity upon the Ag ions alone. Thus, this study furnishes ample scope to unfold next‐generation hybrid antimicrobial drugs to confront infections arising from drug and Ag‐resistant bacterial strains.
Preparation of Hard Tissues Like Bone or Cartilage for Shotgun Mass Spectrometry Analysis of the Proteome
Authors: Yuen John W. M. , Li K. K. , Lam Thomas C.
Published: October 2021

Proteomic analyses of intervertebral discs (IVDs) reveal information for understanding the fundamentals of biological processes and pathogenesis but also provide insights for novel pharmaceutical development. Sensitive mass spectrometry techniques and bioinformatics have advanced the detection and identification of proteins from any sample. Due to the challenges of catastrophic sample‐loss artifacts during hard‐tissue extraction, however, many researchers have omitted the cartilage endplates of IVDs for protein extraction, analyzing only the cellular components of the annulus fibrosus and/or nucleus pulposus. The full proteomic picture of IVDs is compromised without extracting proteins from intact IVDs. Here, we describe a novel preparation method using snap‐freeze grinding, which allows for mechanical disruption and customized chemical lysis of hard tissues such as bone or cartilage. This method replaces the time‐consuming and insufficient conventional tissue homogenization methods. Sample loss and contamination could be minimized during proteolysis by using an in‐solution protein digestion and desalting procedure. We demonstrate excellent proteome coverage with intact mouse IVDs by analyzing samples in a hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometer. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

This article was corrected on 1 August 2022. See the end of the full text for details.