bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Solid Super Acid SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2 during Conversion of Glucose to Levulinic Acid
Authors: Liu Ying , Lin Lu , Sui Xiao Yu , Zhuang Jun Ping , Pang Chun Sheng
Published: July 2012

The effects of catalyst amount on the yields of levulinic and hydroxymethyl furfural were investigated during conversion of glucose to levulinic acid catalyzed by solid super acid SO42- / TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2. XRD and XPS were used to analyse the characteristics of solid super acid SO42- / TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2 before reaction and after reaction. The results showed that: solid super acid SO42- / TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2exhibited good catalytic activity in the reaction of hydrolysis of glucose to produce levulinic acid. There were three obvious peaks in these XRD spectra. The peaks on 44.6° and 67.1° were the characteristic diffraction peaks of γ-Al2O3. The anatase characteristic diffraction peak was on 37.4°. The catalyst was steady in the process. The binding energy of S 2p was similar to the binding energy of standard S6+ 2p in the S 2p XPS spectrum of solid super acid. O 1s XPS was double-peaked spectrum. The increase of element C was the main reason of inactivation of catalyst.
The Biochemical Mechanisms of Taurine in Anti Sports Fatigue
Authors: Cai Jian Guang , Yin Da Zhong , Tang Hui
Published: July 2012

Taurine (Tau) was widely used in adjusting body normal physiological function and enhancing the ability of resisting all kinds of stress in clinical medicine and sports nutrition. This article collected the literatures of recent 20 years about the application of taurine in animal and human being. According to the chemical structure, amino acids in taurine’s molecular structure played a main role in regulating physiological function. Amino was the key and even the only functional group in biochemical reaction. Schiff’s Reaction between amino and carbonyl in reactive carbonyl compounds was that taurine played a variety biological function of molecular basis in cells.
Ultrasonic Extraction Chuanxiong Polysaccharide of Influencing Factors
Authors: Bi Yong Guang , Liu Chun Chun
Published: July 2012

In order to study the the Chuanxiong polysaccharide ultrasonic extraction process, examine the ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature on the Chuanxiong polysaccharide extract rate. The results show that the role of time at 30min Polysaccharide better, the extraction rate is 26.63%. when the ultrasonic power is 320W, Polysaccharide extraction rate is 26.15%.When the solid-liquid ratio is 1:20, polysaccharide extraction rate is 27.73%. When the extraction temperature is 60°C, the polysaccharide extraction rate is 27.73%.
Products Distribution in Methanol to Gasoline over HZSM-5 Catalysts with Different Si/Al Ratio
Authors: Zhu Ling Jun , Wang Shu Rong , Li Xin , Yin Qian Qian , Li Xin Bao
Published: July 2012

Hydrocarbon fuels produced from methanol was investigated over HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts with different Si/Al ratio. About 40% of hydrocarbon yield can be obtained under the identical reaction condition over the catalysts. HZSM-5 catalyst with lower Si/Al ratio has slightly higher oil yield and less olefin content in gas products, which can be ascribed to the stronger acidity in the catalyst favorable for the conversion of intermediates to aromatics. In addition, a small amount of dimethyl ether (DME) was detected when using HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst with Si/Al ratio of 38, indicating that the intermediates from preliminary methanol reaction not sufficiently convert.
The Effect of Growth, Migration and Bacterial Cellulose Synthesis of Gluconacetobacter xylinus in Presence of Direct Current Electric Field Condition
Authors: Yan Lin , Jia Shi Ru , Zheng Xin Tong , Zhong Cheng , Liu Miao , Xu Guo Juan
Published: July 2012

In this study, the movement and orientation of bacteria cells were controlled by direct current(DC) electric fields, result in altering alignment of bacterial cellulose nanofiber and further changing the 3-dimensional network structure of bacterial cellulose. A modified swarm plate assay was performed to investigate the migration of Gluconacetobacter xylinus cells which exposed in DC electric field. It suggested that the cells moved toward to negative pole and with the increasement of the electric field strength the velocity will also increase. The SEM analysis demonstrated that the cellulose fiber bundles which synthesized at 1V/cm have lager diameter and a trend toward one direction. Meanwhile the growth state of G.xylinus in the presence of DC electric field was also being observed.
Covalently Crosslinked Human-Like Collagen Hydrogel: Properties of Biocompatibility
Authors: Du Yu Zhang , Fan Dai Di , Ma Xiao Xuan , Zhu Chen Hui , Zhang Li Jun
Published: July 2012

In this paper, the cross-linking injection hydrogel were synthesized by EDC crosslinker and Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/Human-like collagen (HLC). Cytotoxicity was assessed by Methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay which indicated that the hydrogels was non-toxic to the BHK21 cell .Chondrocyct-encapsulation of this hydrogel were studied in order to asses the cells compatibility of the injection gel. The result showed that the material has no cytotoxicity to the cells and promoted cell adhesion and proliferation. Injected those hydrogels into mice subcutaneous , the following parameters were evaluated: inflammatory response, vascularization, new hypoderm generation. After 2,4,12,and 24 weeks of healing, the rats were sacrilifced suggested that gels in animals did not induce inflammation obvious, vessel bestrid the material after 4 weeks injection, new hypoderm generated in 12 weeks and packaged the hydrogels after 24 weeks. Consequently the gels are promised for the application in the biomaterials area.
Kinetic Modeling of 2-Keto-Gluconic Acid (2KGA) Production from Rice Starch Hydrolysate Using Pseudomonas fluorescens AR4
Authors: Sun Wen Jing , Yu Lin , Yu Si Lian , Cui Feng Jie , Zhou Yan Zheng , Zhou Qiang , Sun Lei
Published: July 2012

Kinetic models are proposed for the 2KGA batch production from rice starch hydrolysate containing 162 g/L of glucose by Pseudomonas fluorescens AR4. The models include terms accounting for both substrate and product inhibitions. Experimental data collected from the batch fermentations were used to estimate parameters and also to validate the models proposed. The growth of Ps. fluorescens could be expressed by a Logistic model wihout incorporating inhibitions of glucose and organic acids accumulated in the culture broth. The Luedeking–Piret model was able to describe the 2KGA formation as the fermentation proceeded with a mixed-growth-associated pattern. In all cases, the model simulation matched well with the experimental observations, which made it possible to elucidate the fermentation characteristics of Ps. fluorescens AR4 during efficient 2KGA production from glucose.
Effects of Typical Chemical Agents on Prevention of Non-Point-Source (NPS) Pollution in a Sloping Orchard
Authors: Liao Ren Kuan , Yang Pei Ling , Ren Shu Mei , Yi Hang , Zhou Bo , Zhou Zhu
Published: July 2012

In this paper, two typical chemical agents SAP and PAM were selected to reduce NPS pollution. Soil water content, nutrient transport and soil erosion have been researched. The results showed that the water deep percolation was reduced and the moisture of root zone increased by 3.6%-12.69% after chemical agents application; PAM can immobile soil grains, and significantly reduce soil erosion on sloping land by 25.5%-53.4%. The synergies of PAM and SAP can significantly influence transport of nutrients in the soil vertical profile, moreover, the content of nutrient was enriched in root zone that the content of Nitrate-N increased 14.7% and Ammonium-N increased 9.8%. It can been found that CL2 (SAP150 kg/k㎡+PAM4.5 kg/k㎡) treatment is superior to CL1 (SAP150 kg/k㎡+PAM2.25 kg/k㎡) in soil moisture conservation and reducing NPS pollution in two slopes orchards.
Synthesis of γ-L-Glutamylalkylamides Catalyzed by Escherichia coli Having γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Activity
Authors: Zhang Fei , Liu Yin , He Pei Xin
Published: July 2012

γ-L-glutamyl alkylamines have potential medicinal value. In this research, five different γ-L-glutamyl alkylamines were synthesized. The result showed that substrate specificity of alkylamines, from high to low, is methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine and n-butylamine. The reaction was optimal at pH 9.5 and 45°C, and the optimal substrate mole ratio of L-glutamine to alkylamine was 1:3 (mol/mol).Under these conditions, conversion rate of L-glutamine is about 90% (mol/mol)．
Function of Heparin in the Formation Biomineral: A Study of Biomimetic Synthesis Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Guan Ye Bin , Wang Xiao Hong , Zhang Qun , Sun Xin Yuan
Published: July 2012

The function of heparin (HEP) playing in the morphogenesis of calcium carbonate was studied by a biomimetic synthesis method. The results showed that HEP macromolecules induced the formation of calcite with exposed coarse polar {00.1} faces and poriferous surfaces with lasting duration of mineralization at different initial pHs. The vast amounts of carboxyl and sulfonic moieties of HEP macromolecules were suggested to contribute the formation of calcite special planes and the subsequent morphologies variations.
The Influence of Methanoic Formic Acid on the Structure of Silk Fibroin
Authors: Dai Li Yan , Qiu Xing , Hu Yi , Zhang Chao Gao , Zhan Xiao Li , Wang Sheng Peng
Published: July 2012

By analysing the viscosity of formic acid SF solutions and CaCl2- C2H6O- H2O SF solutions realized the advantages of formic acid SF solutions compared with CaCl2- C2H6O- H2O SF solutions. Studing on the changs of SF structure through the WAXD spectra of original SF and SF powder by drying different concentration formic acid SF solvents.
Preparation of Pine Char Sulfonic Acids with High Acid Capacity Using Phosphoric Acid as a Dehydration Catalyst
Authors: Xu Qiong , Zheng Min , Yin Du Lin
Published: July 2012

A series of pine char sulfonic acids were prepared via a two-step procedure involving phosphoric acid catalytic charring of pine sawdusts and successively sulfonation of the charred precursors. Solid sulfonic acid material prepared in this new route possessed high sulfonic acid loading with 2.36 mmol g-1at the optimal charring conditions of phosphoric acid being 85%, ratio of pine sawdusts and phosphoric acid being 1: 10, charring time being 3 h, charring temperature being 140 °C. Pine char sulfonic acids showed excellent activity in the esterification of n-butanol and acetic acid.
Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil
Authors: Xu Rui Dan
Published: July 2012

Two kinds of polyacrylamide(HPAM)-degrading bacteria S1, S2, which can use HPAM as only nitrogen source and the sole carbon source, were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil of Daqing Oilfield. The bioremediation for treating petroleum contaminated soil by immobilized microorganisms can improve the effect on biodegradation for pollutants in oil fields and reduce the loss of bacteria. The degradation ability of five kinds of embedding immobilization methods on soil pollutant was investigated. The experimental results showed that the immobilized microbial granules, which used polyvinyl alcohols (PVA) and sodium alginate as coagulant, activated carbon as coagulant-support, exhibited good mechanical strength, operated easily, be not breakable and low cost. Experiments results showed that after treatment using this kind of immobilized microbial granules, the HPAM concentration declined from 500 mg•L-1 to 102 mg•L-1 in 48 hours. The degradation rate of HPAM reached 79.6%. At the same time crude oil content decreased from 733.21 mg•L-1 to 9.5 mg•L-1. These immobilized microbial granules can remove 98.7% oil from the petroleum-contaminated soil in 48 hours.
Production of Fermentable Sugars from Wheat Straw by Formic Acid Pretreatment
Authors: Zhuang Jun Ping , Li Xue Ping , Liu Ying
Published: July 2012

Emerging biorefinery technologies offer a sustainable alternative through the utilisation of carbohydrates to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. Cellulose molecules consist of long chains of glucose molecules as do starch molecules, but have a differentstructural configuration. These structural characteristics plus the encapsulation by lignin makes cellulosic materials more difficult to hydrolyze than starchy materials. In recent years, treatment of lignocellulosic biomass with dilute acid has been primarily used as a means of hemicellulose hydrolysis and pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and a significant advancement has also been found by adding hydrochloric acid with catalyst dosage in saturated formic acid. In the present work, the hydrochloric acid concentration, temperature, the ratio of solid to liquid and reaction time were prepared for the fermentable sugars production. The obtained optimum conditions were: adding 4% hydrochloric acid in saturated formic acid solution, temperature of 105 °C, with a reaction time of 90 min, and the maximum glucose and reducing sugars production were 26.84 g/L% and 27.4%, respectively.
The Influence of Laccase Modification on the Adsorption of Lignosulfonate
Authors: Zhou Hai Feng , Yang Dong Jie , Bai Meng Xian , Qiu Xue Qing
Published: July 2012

The ability of commercial laccase to improve the adsorption of sodium lignosulfonate (SL) without any mediator was studied. When SL are modified by laccase, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) shows an initial decrease followed by an extensive increase in molecular weight (Mw). Furthermore, the decrease in Mw is accompanied by an increase in phenolic hydroxyl groups, while the increase in Mw is accompanied by the decrease in phenolic hydroxyl groups. The laccase modification does not affect the content of the sulfonic group. Furthermore, the electrostatic self-assembly technology indicates that the adsorbed amount and the root-mean-square (RMS) of SL/PDAC multilayers increase obviously with the increase of the incubation time, which might be due to the influence of the Mw and the adsorption configuration.
The Antioxidation Activity In Vivo and In Vitro of Flavonoids and Chlorogenic Acid Isolated from Eucommia ulmoides Leaves
Authors: Shang Hua , Liu Di , Ji Hui Jun
Published: July 2012

The flavonoids and chlorogenic acid were separated and purified from Eulmoids ulmoids leaves, and their antioxidation activity in vivo and in vitro was investigated by animal test and free radical scavenging test. The result shows that Eucommia ulmoides leaves flavones and chlorogenic acid can significantly reduce the content of malondialchehyche (MDA) (p<0.05), but only Eucommia ulmoides leaves chlorogenic acid can significantly enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p<0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) (p<0.05), which means that Eucommia ulmoides leaves chlorogenic acid has more significant antioxidation activity in vivo; both Eucommia ulmoides Leaves flavones and chlorogenic acid have good capacity on scavenging hydroxyl radical (HO•), superoxide anion radical (O2-•) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), and show good doses-response relationship, but Eucommia ulmoides leaves chlorogenic acid shows highest scavenging rate on every radical, which means that Eucommia ulmoides leaves chlorogenic acid has more significant antioxidation activity in vitro.
A Pilot Test Using Microbial Paraffin-Removal Technology in Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Liu Jiang Hong , Jia Yun Peng , Xu Rui Dan , Zhao Peng Ju
Published: July 2012

Microorganisms were screened from oil wastewater in Daqing Oilfield, by acclimatization, isolation and purification of microorganisms, bacterium as the only nitrogen source was obtained, which was named for strain Y-1. Experiment of identification showed that Y-1 was identified to Bacillus Cereus. Strain Y-1 was used for paraffin removal on three wells: Well Nos. 12-36, 13-39 and 14-43 in Yushulin Zone Daqing Oilfield. The results indicated that the tested wells obtained good effects after microbial treatment: the reduction rate of oil viscosity was 23.6%, the freezing point of crude oil reduced by 2.1°C, the reduction rate of oil surface tension was 38.0%, pH value was reduced from 7.2 to 6.2, daily oil production increased from 1.7t·d-1 to 2.4t·d-1, the rate of growth was 41.2%, the period of hot washings prolonged from 40d to 149d and the number of hot washings reduced by 4 times in Well 12-36; the reduction rate of oil viscosity was 24.8%, the freezing point of crude oil reduced by 2.7°C, the reduction rate of oil surface tension was 42.5%, pH value was reduced from 7.2 to 6.8, daily oil production increased from 1.2t·d-1 to 1.6t·d-1, the rate of growth was 33.3%, the period of hot washings prolonged from 45d to 158d and the number of hot washings reduced by 5 times in Well 13-39; the reduction rate of oil viscosity was 22.5%, the freezing point of crude oil reduced by 3.2°C, the reduction rate of oil surface tension was 42.5%, pH value was reduced from 7.2 to 6.4, daily oil production increased from 0.8t·d-1 to 1.1t·d-1, the rate of growth was 37.5%, the period of hot washings prolonged from 30d to 122d and the number of hot washings reduced by 5 times in Well 14-43. The direct economic income exceeded 210,000 Yuan.
The Anti-Fatigue Effect of Polyphenols and Flavonoids Isolated from Eucommia ulmoides Leaves in Mice
Authors: Liu Di , Shang Hua , Ji Hui Jun
Published: July 2012

The crude extract of Eucommia ulmoids leaves was separated and purified by resin, and polyphenols and flavoniods components in different contents were obtained. Two components, one of which contained more polyphenols (EUI), and one of which contained more flavoniods (EUII), were chosen for the anti-fatigue test. The anti-fatigue test shows that by comparing with negative control (NC) group, both EUI and EUII show anti-fatigue effect, however, EUI can more obviously prolong the weight-loaded swimming time, reduce the content of blood lactic acid (LA) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN), increase the content of hepatic glycogen and enhance lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. In other words, the component containing more polyphenols show more anti-fatigue effect than the component containing more flavoniods. That means polyphenols might be the main ingredient in Eucommia ulmoids leaves to exhibit anti-fatigue effect.
Chemical Constituents of Boehmeria macrophylla Hornem
Authors: Min Yong , Yang Jin , Ping Yi , Liu Wei
Published: July 2012

To investigate the chemical constituents from the Boehmeria macrophylla Hornem. the chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated as β-sitosterol（1）, β-sitosterol glucoside（2）, ursolic acid（3）, 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin（4）, emodin（5）, cinnamic acid（6）, sweroside（7）, Genistein（8）, all the Compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
The Preparation of a Hyper-Thermostable Whole-Cell Biocatalyst and its Application for Biosynthesis of Biodiesel
Authors: Chen Mei Ling , He Yuan , He Guo Qing , Ruan Hui
Published: July 2012

In this study, a hyper-thermostable lipase whole-cell biocatalyst has been developed. The hydrolytic activity of the codon-optimized ROL displayed on the yeast cell surface was 19.5 U /g dried cells cultured in SD medium, while the biomass was 13 g/L. Moreover, the whole-cell biocatalyst presented great thermostability. After 10 min incubation at 90 °C, 95 °C and 100 °C, the residual activity of lipase still remained 89%, 86% and 68%, respectively. Therefore, the whole-cell biocatalyst was applied in bioconversion of FAME and biodiesel. In our study, 50 mM oleic acid was most reasonable for bioconversion of FAME, and 50 mM soy oil was most reasonable for bioconversion of biodiesel, when the reaction were carried out in hexane as the solvent, and the molar ratio of oleic acid (or soy oil) and methanol was 1:4. Reactions were catalyzed by 0.5 g lyophilized bioimprinted whole-cell biocatalyst and incubated at 45 °C for 12 h with shake.
Investigation on Adsorption of Ni2+ by Special Microorganisms
Authors: Zhao Yu Qing , Li Jin , Zhou Guang Qi , Liu Chang Jian , Ma Kun
Published: July 2012

In the paper, we investigated the adsorption of nickel by nickel-resistant strain screened in our laboratory. Results indicated that at the following conditions: pH=6, initial concentration of Ni2+ was 25mg/L, mass concentration of bacterial strain was 3g/L, adsorption approach an equilibrium after 2h，and Ni2+ removal reached up to 98.2%. Simulation of adsorption by thermodynamic models revealed that Langmuir equation can describe the adsorption process well, which showed that the adsorption was carried out mainly by means of surface adsorption. AFM detections indicated that the mycelium showed a tendency of shrinking and assembling after the adsorption, which illustrated that the adsorption mainly occurred on the surface. Meanwhile, the surface adsorption can not rule out a certain extent, affect the joint adsorption occurs in the intracellular. After Ni2+ entered the extracellular polymers and even inside the cells, the adsorption was controlled, especially in the later period.
Feather Degradation and Keratinase Production by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DHHJ
Authors: Wu Xiao Qian , Chen Li , Cao Zhang Jun , Zhou Mei Hua
Published: July 2012

Feathers, as a waste, are produced in large quantities from poultry processing industry every year. In this paper, feathers were biodegraded by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DHHJ which was isolated from soil samples. The results show that the optimal conditions for the feather degradation and the keratinase production are 2.5% feather as substrate, the initial pH of 7.8 and cultivation at 40 °C for 5 days. Salts, KCl and NaCl, can increase feather degradation slightly. The proper concentration of Tween 80 can enhance keratinase production significantly. EDTA, as a metalloprotease inhibitor, greatly inhibits keratinolytic activity.
Synthesis of Ethylene Carbonate from Urea and Ethylene Glycol over La(NO3)3 Catalyst
Authors: Qiu Peng , Jiang Xue Dong , Kang Cheng , Yang Bo Lun
Published: July 2012

Synthesis of ethylene carbonate (EC) from urea and ethylene glycol was investigated in a batch reactor using La(NO3)3 as catalyst. The reaction was performed under reduced pressure to remove the byproduct ammonia. The effect of various operation conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time and reaction pressure on the EC yield was explored. It was found that the reaction pressure is a key parameter for the formation of EC. At atmospheric pressure, the reaction cannot happen. As the reaction pressure decreases, the EC yield increases significantly. Under the optimum operation conditions, which are reaction pressure 15 KPa, reaction temperature 413 K, reaction time 3 h, and catalyst concentration 10 wt.%, the EC yield can reach to 93%.
Enhanaced Propionic Acid Production by Mixed Culture of Propionibacterium acidipropioniai and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Liu Yin , He Jing Liang , Zhao Ji Hong , Wei Ming Bao , Yang Xue Peng , Zheng Shu Juan
Published: July 2012

In a batch mixed culture of Propionibacterium acidipropioniai and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which could exploit synergistic effects, cell growth and propionic acid production rates of P. acidipropioniai significantly increased, compared with those in pure cultures. Compared with a pure culture, the mixed culture had a significant improvement on the maximal propionic acid (12.1 g/l vs. 10.1 g/l) and glycerol conversion efficiency (60.5% vs. 50.5%). Propionic acid production was further enhanced by an addition of glycerol solution in the fed-batch mixed culture; and the maximal propionic acid yield and glycerol conversion efficiency reached 27.9 g/l and 56.7%, respectively. These results showed that a mixed culture of P. acidipropionici and S. cerevisiae could serve as an excellent alternative to conventional propionic acid fermentation.
Stability of 4,4,4-Trifluoro-3-(indole-3-)butyric Acid Dissolved in Water on Growth of Rice Roots
Authors: Li Xiu Ping , Zhang Yan Lai , Hideo Sasakawa
Published: July 2012

The stability of 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(indole-3-) butyric acid (TFIBA) were examined. Elongation of rice seminal root was promoted approximately 80% by continuous supply of 10-5 molL-1 TFIBA. Such promotion effect on root elongation is not found in IAA or IBA. The promotive effect of TFIBA on root elongation was not reduced by either direct heating in a microwave oven or autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min and root elongation was promoted by 70 - 80% at the concentration of 10-5 mol L-1. The effect of TFIBA was not lost by heat of microwave oven or autoclave. Although the effect of TFIBA dissolved in water was gradually lost at 30°C in the light, it was maintained at 4°C in the light and at 30°C in the dark. Consequently, aqueous solution of TFIBA can be stored at room temperature for at least 1 month when it is kept in the dark.
Preparation and Characterization of Enzymatically-Treated Granular Cassava Starch and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends
Authors: Maikrang Kamol , Sriroth Klanarong , Sangseethong Kunruedee , Jarerat Amnat
Published: July 2012

Raw cassava starch was treated with α-amylase and amyloglucosidase in aqueous solution under annealing condition to obtain starch granules with rough and porous surfaces. Many different pits and pores formed by the activity of the enzymes on the surface granules and were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained starch granules with rough surfaces were mechanically blended with poly(butylenes adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT) at different ratios by using a single screw extruder. The results showed that the samples comprised of enzymatically treated starch blends had higher elongation than those comprised of untreated starch blends. At 10% starch content, the treated starch/PBAT blend had about 37.55% more elongation than the untreated starch/PBAT blend. This resulted in the improved compatibility of the starch granules and PBAT matrix in the blends as confirmed by SEM.
Production and Characterization of Porous Starch Granule and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blend as a Bio-Composite
Authors: Thothong Sirirat , Sriroth Klanarong , Tantatherdtam Rattana , Jarerat Amnat
Published: July 2012

To improve the miscibility of native rice starch granules and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT), rice starch was hydrolyzed by a mixture of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The obtained porous rice granular starch was then mechanically blended with PBAT by single screw extruder. Many pits and holes on the surface of starch granules were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rough surface of the rice starch granules improved the compatibility of the polymers in the blends, which consequently increased the tensile strength and the elongation at break. In addition, SEM also revealed that the porous granules were homogeneously distributed in the polymer matrix with no appearance of gaps.
Screening and Characterization of a Heavy Metal Tolerance Bacterium
Authors: Zeng Xiao Xi , Chai Li Yuan , Tang Jian Xin , Xu Li Jian , Jiang Pei , Li Wen
Published: July 2012

Strain ZSI isolated from heavy metal contaminated soil was identified by morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The tolerance to heavy metals and 12 antibiotics was examined. The results showed that the strain was most homophylic with Cupriavidus sp. It has high tolerance to serval metals, and the order was Cu＞Zn＞Cd＞Ni＞Mn=Co＞Pb. The strain can resistant to 9 antibiotics.
Orthogonal Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Whey Protein
Authors: Xia Ze Ying , Xia Ming
Published: July 2012

Objective The study proposed an efficient and economic approach to hydrolyze whey protein isolate. Methods Using trypsin to hydrolyze the whey protein, this study investigated the influences of pH, hydrolysis temperature, enzyme-substrate ratio (E/S) and hydrolysis duration on the process of enzymatic hydrolysis. The orthogonal test method was used to design the experiments of the study. Result The optimized conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis were pH8, hydrolysis temperature 40°C，5% of E/S, and hydrolysis duration 2 hours. The hydrolysis degree was 26.5％. Conclusion The parameters identified from this study can benefit the development of whey protein.
Acid Hydrolysis and Utilization of Distillers' Grains
Authors: Chen Yan , Su Rong Rong , Lin Xiao Yan
Published: July 2012

Distillers' grains (DG) has high cellulose contents and is suitable for conversion to reducing sugar under dilute acid conditions. The effects of the hydrolysis conditions, including acid concentration, solid to liquid ratio, reaction temperature and time, were discussed, as well as the changes of microstructure and groups after hydrolysis. The conversion rate of reducing sugar could reach 25.07% (g/100g DG) when the hydrolysis conditions are as follows: the concentration of sulphuric acid is 5% (wt), the temperature is 120 °C, the ratio of sulphuric acid solution volume (mL) to weight of DG (g) is 30:1 and the reaction time is 10 h.
The Influence Factors on Growth and Cadmium-Resistance of a P. aeruginosa Strain
Authors: Zeng Xiao Xi , Chai Li Yuan , Tang Jian Xin , Jiang Pei , Li Wen
Published: July 2012

Bioremediation of heavy metals pollution by microorganism has attracted more attention. The influence factors on growth and cadmium-resistance of P. aeruginosa E1 were investigated.The results showed that the multiplication of the strain was inhibited and the pigment could not be produced in cadmium medium.FTIR analysis implied that cadmium could bound to and inactive groups of the pigment synthesis enzyme.The appropriate culture conditions were at 25-35°C, initial pH 6-7, and 80-100 mL liquid in 250 mL flask.50 mg/L of other five heavy metals caused varied effect on the strain. Cultured in no-cadmium medium, Zn and Mn were helpful, Pb and Co present inhibition to the strain. Cultured in cadmium medium, Cu, Zn, and Mn had no inhibition, and the others would interfere the growth. The culture conditions of the strain were common, which would avail the mass produce for application in remediation.
Preparation of Textile Nano-Antibacterial Agent and its Finishing Methods
Authors: Li Xiao Feng , Wang Jian Jun , Guo Chun Qiu
Published: July 2012

To investigate the efficiency of nano-antibacterial finishing methods, we compared the advantages and disadvantages of the current antibacterial method and presented out a newly finishing technics based on the nano-zinc-oxide material. Moreover, the experimental study and optimal choice were carried out for the formulations of finishing agent in its preparation. The results shown that by adapting the zinc-oxide based formulated compound with the special technics, the antibacterial effect is obvious. The antibacterial effect of the textile has no significant change after soaping and water washing 10 times or above.
Screening of High-Yield Strains of Bacterial Cellulose
Authors: Liu Chuan Feng , Xue Qi Jia , Zhou Sheng Hu , Peng Qi'an
Published: July 2012

We isolated 6 bacterial cellulose-production strains from the natural decay of a variety of different types of fruit with sucrose as carbon, peptone and yeast extract as nitrogen sources in the 30 º C, pH = 6.0 by enrichment culture and diluted coating. M7, one of the screened strains from mango, yield the highest yield bacterial cellulose of wet weight 66.01g/100ml (cellulose g/100ml medium) and the production of cellulose film thickness 1.65cm in course of subculturing.
Study on Dyeing of Lyocell Knitted Fabric with Grape Seed Extract Dyes
Authors: Chi De Ling , Yu Hu Sheng , Zhao Shan Shan
Published: July 2012

The natural vegetable dye grape seed extract (GSE) was applied on the direct dyeing of lyocell knitted fabric. By changing the dyeing condition, the modified process was derived after evaluating various fastnesses of the dyed fabric. The direct dyeing method should be under the condition of GSE’s concentration 5g/L, bath preparation temperature 80°C, pH value 3, bath ratio 1:30, dyeing time 60min. The color is very sensitive to pH and GSE’s concentration. The rubbing fastness, washing fastness and light fastness is good, the acid perspiration fastness is better than the alkaline perspiration fastness.
Preparation of Isoamyl Acetate by Reaction-Distillation Using Ionic Liquid as Catalyst
Authors: Li Zhen Yu , Tao Hong Yan , Yang Run Ze
Published: July 2012

In this thesis, isoamyl acetate was synthesized by reaction-distillation , using acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol as starting materials, using acid ion-liquid as catalyst and extracting agent.These are some factors were investigated, including different catalysts, ratio between acid and alcohol, amount of Ion-Liquid, and reflux ratio. Technology to prepare iso-pentyl acetate was optimized with single factor experiments. Results showed that acid ion-liquids are good catalysts and extracting agents, which increased the purity and yield of iso-pentyl acetate, as well as diminished the azeotropic point of iso-pentyl acetate and acetic acid.The optimal technological conditions are as following: ratio of acid:alcohol 2:1 (mol), dosage of ion-liquid V = 2 mL, reflux ratio R = 2.5. Under this condition, purity of obtained iso-pentyl acetate is 99%, and the yield is 85%.
Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction of Potassium Glycyrrhizinate with Polyethylene Glycol/(NH4)2SO4
Authors: Sun Chen , Liu Wen Ju , Zhang Hai Ming
Published: July 2012

An aqueous two-phase system of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/(NH4)2SO4 with the behavior of forming aqueous two-phase and the distribution rules of potassium glycyrrhizinate in the aqueous two-phase system were studied. Effects of the molecular weight of PEG, the mass fraction of PEG and (NH4)2SO4, and pH value were investigated. The result show that when the mass fraction of PEG1000 was 50%, the mass fraction of (NH4)2SO4 was 5.7%, and pH value was 6.5, the highest extraction recovery of potassium glycyrrhizinate could reach 99.7%. This aqueous two-phase extraction may provide a new technique for separation of potassium glycyrrhizinate.
The Extraction of Polysaccharide for Watkins Jujube
Authors: Yang Xin Chao , Ma Chuang , Su Zheng Bo , Qin Yu Xiang , Zang Ru Ying
Published: July 2012

The main material is watkins jujube, and the best conditions of the extract of polysaccharide is considered. The polysaccharide can be obtained from jujube juice by decolourizating, concentrating，alcohol- precipitating and drying. The best conditions of decolourizating are as follows: activity carbon content is 1.0%, temperature is 90°C, the decoloration of two times is 1.5 hours. The best conditions of alcohol-precipitating are using 95% ethanol whose volume fraction is 60%, precipitating by 1 hour, and being dried by freeze drying. The extraction yielding of polysaccharide is 1.2%.
Extraction of Silk Protein from Middle Silk Gland of B.mori for Preparation of 3-D Scaffold
Authors: Shuai Ya Jun , Hui Pan , He Wen , Min Si Jia , Zhu Liang Jun , Yang Ming Ying
Published: July 2012

In this paper, 3-D scaffolds were prepared using native protein solution extracted from middle silk gland of B.mori silkworm (SS). The distribution of pore in 3-D scaffold was homogeneous, and the pore size decreased with increase in the concentration of SS. By changing the concentration from 1.7%, 3.5% to 7%, the porosity rate of scaffolds was 95%, 94% and 91%, respectively. The water absorbency apparently decreases and the water retention rate increases with increase in the concentration of SS. The scaffolds prepared from SS with concentration of 3.5% and 7% have higher strength, on the contrary, the scaffolds prepared from SS with low concentration 1.7% shows higher elasticity. FTIR spectra indicated that SS mainly adopted β-sheet conformation. This paper proposed one green way to extract silk protein from the silk gland of B.mori silkworm and prepare its corresponding scaffolds. It seems meaning to provide implication to develop silk-based biomaterials.
Thermal-Oxidative Aging Resistance and Water Absorption of Natural Rubber Latex/Methyl Methacrylate-Grafted-Natural Rubber Latex Blends
Authors: Lu Guang , Yu He Ping
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The natural rubber latex (NRL) concentrate was mixed with 10～50 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of methyl methacrylate-grafted-natural rubber latex having a methyl methacrylate content of 49% (MGL49), prevulcanized, and then cast to obtain prevulcanized NRL/MGL49 films. The leached films of prevulcanized NRL/MGL49 were aged in an hot-air oven for comparison of the mechanical properties before and after aging, whereas the thermal decomposition of these films in an atmosphere of air was carried out in a thermo-gravimetric analyzer, and the films were also immersed into water to obtain water absorption. Results showed that the incorporation of MGL49 improved the thermal-oxidative aging resistance of natural rubber latex film when the MGL49 content was less than 50 phr, the water absorption increased with the increment of MGL49 content, and the NRL/MGL49 film containing 10phr of MGL 49 has a best thermal-oxidative stability and highest water absorption also.
Comparisons of Microwave-Assisted and Conventional Heating Extraction of Pectin from Seed Watermelon Peel
Authors: Jiang Li Na , Shang Jian Jiang , He Liang Bo , Dan Jian Ming
Published: July 2012

The extraction of pectin from seed watermelon peel could reduce environmental problem and offer a way to upgrade byproducts. In this study, variables of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and conventional heating extraction (CHE) were tested in order to recovery pectin from seed watermelon peel. After the test of single factor experiments, orthogonal experiments were employed to obtain optimum conditions for pectin extraction from seed watermelon peel. The satisfactory conditions for MAE were as follows: power of 500W, pH of 1.5, time of 7min and SLR of 1:20, and the optimum CHE conditions were temperature of 90°C, pH of 1.0, time of 150min and SLR of 1:20. Proof tests were replicated three times and the products were characterized of their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The yield of 17.4-17.6%, ash content of 1.6-1.9%, GalA content of 78.3-82.8%, DE of 38.2-41.2% and molecular weight of 110600-128000 of pectin extracted by CHE were obtained. The pectin extracted by MAE achieved a higher yield (19.1-19.6%), and has a higher content of DE (44.3-48.7%), higher molecular weight (143400-154300), lower content of GalA (74.6-76.1%), and almost equal ash content ( average value of 1.7% and 1.6%, respectively).
Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Blackcurrant Using RSM
Authors: Ren Zhong Jie , Yang Yu , Xu Ya Qin , Li Xing Guo , Yu Ze Yuan
Published: July 2012

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method was applied for polysaccharides from blackcurrant and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the effects of processing parameters on polysaccharides yields. Three major independent variables such as ultrasonic power (W), extraction time (min), liquid to solid ratio (mL/g) were studied. The optimal extraction conditions of polysaccharides were determined as follows: ultrasonic power 402.2 W, extraction time 25.5 min, liquid to solid ratio 20.3:1 mL/g. Under a modified conditions (ultrasonic power 400W, extraction time 25 min, liquid to solid ratio 20:1 mL/g, the experimental yield of polysaccharides was 11.19%, which was agreed closely with the predicted value (11.24%).
Experiment Study on Ultrahigh Pressure Extraction of Protein Components from Sika Deer Pilose Antler
Authors: Guo Wen Jing , Yang Guo Jun , Chen Yong Ren , Zhang Shou Qin
Published: July 2012

An Ultrahigh pressure extraction technique (UPET) is presented for the extraction of protein components from sika deer pilose antler. Various experimental conditions of the UPET process, such as extraction pressure (50-300 MPa), extraction time (0-10 min) and liquid/solid ratio (2-10 mL•g−1), were investigated to optimize the extraction process. The content of protein components in pilose antler extract by UPET for 4 min was higher than those using ultrasonic extraction (UE) for 30 min, heat reflux extraction (RE) for 12 h and soaking extraction (SE) at room temperature for 24 h respectively. From the viewpoints of extraction time, the proteins content in pilose antler extract and energy consumption in the extraction process, UPET was more effective than the conventional extraction methods studied.
Identification of Biflavones in Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Ethanol Extract of Selaginella doederleinii Hieron
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yang Li , Wang Lin
Published: July 2012

The chemical constituents were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol extract of Selaginella doederleinii Hieron by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. The chemical structures of six biflavones were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data as amentoflavone (1), robustaflavone 7,4',7''-o-trimethyl ether (2), heveaflavone (3), podocarpusflavone A (4), robustaflavone 4',4'''-o-dimethyl ether (5) and robustaflavone 4'-o-methyl ether (6). Biflavones 2, 4 and 5 were obtained from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron for the first time.
The Extraction, Purification and Structural Analysis of Alkaloid from Urtica Angustifolia
Authors: Zhang Hai Yue , Li Qian , Li Peng
Published: July 2012

Urtica angustifolia (U. angustifolia) is a traditional medicinal material which has anti-inflammatory and detoxification functions. It contains some active ingredient, such as alkaloids, flavonoids and polysaccharides. The objective of this study was to separate and identify alkaloids form it. However, the test of extraction conditions was shown that alkaloids reached the maximum in 1:10 of liquid to material, 85% ethanol concentration, 2h of reflux extraction. The total alkaloids were purified by AB-8 resin column, silica gel column and acid dye experiment successively.In addition, the maximum absorption wavelength of U. angustifolia alkaloid was determined by UV spectrophotometry, followed by their structural identified and analysis for alkaloids by infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. It could be concluded that the alkaloids of U. angustifolia which contain monoterpene from incarvillea alkaloids. And its molecular weight and molecular formula had identified.
Detection of Zearalenone by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay in Corn Samples
Authors: Wang Yuan Kai , Zou Qi , Sun Jian He , Wang Heng An , Yan Ya Xian
Published: July 2012

A chemiluminescence immunoassay with polyclonal antibody for detecting zearalenone in corn samples was developed. The optimized reaction conditions include the concentration of coating antigen (0.253 μg/ml), the polyclonal antibody (1:7500) and HRP labeled goat anti-mouse antibody (1:40000), the competition time (60 min), pH of dilution buffer (7.4), the concentration of methanol (10%) and the ratio of luminol to ρ-iodophenol (2:5) were all investigated. Based on optimum conditions, the chemoluminscence ELISA detect range was f 0.05 - 54.34 ng/ml, with IC50 was 2.93 ng/ml, and the limit of detection was 0.02 ng/ml. The chemiluminescence immunoassay shows a good agreement with commercial ELISA kit for detection zearalenone in the spiked samples. The chemiluminescence immunoassay is easier in pretreating, and more sensitive when compared with other detection methods include chromatography methods and immunoassays.
Study on Food Safety and Green Food Packaging
Authors: Shang Lin Lin , Feng Wei
Published: July 2012

Safe food packaging is of great significance in solving food safety problem, which can ensure the quality of the food. At the same time protecting the environment should be taken into consideration, and therefore sound food packaging is not only safe to human health but also green to the environment. In this paper potential safety hazards in food packaging materials and how to develop green food packaging are discussed at length.
Study on Photocatalytic Properties of Vanadium Doped Rutile TiO2
Authors: Wu Dao Xin , Tong Hai Xia , Xia Chang Bin
Published: July 2012

Vanadium doped rutile titania was prepared by low temperature hydrolysis using Tetrabutyl titanate as raw material. Powers were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD)、diffuse reflection spectra(DRS)、fluorescence spectra (FS). At 1073K, Doped concentration have been in a certain range, Vanadiumcould be doped into the lattice of rutile TiO2in the way of replacement, which would cause no change in rutile TiO2crystalline state with sunlight as the light source, pH=6.0, catalyst concentration was 1.0g.L-1, concentration of methyl orange was 5.0mg.L-1. It has been shown that Vanadium doped TiO2powders(1.0%,1073K) has been the most photodegradation efficiency, and the degradation efficiency was 97.2% after 6h.
Short Communication - A Likely Virus Was Observed from Chinese Chestnut
Authors: Tan Zheng Lin , Wu Mou Cheng , Li Jie , Wang Qing Zhang , Yi Hua Xi
Published: July 2012

Chestnut is one of popular dry fruit due to its rich nutrients, flavor, taste and unique antioxidant activity in the world. Blight canker symptom is one of the serious problems for Chestnut growth and preservation. At present, fungi and parasite are regarded as the dominant roles for blight canker. A kind of likely virus was observed accidentally from Chinese chestnut by electron microscope. Virus might be another reason for blight canker. Little information is available referring to virus from Chinese chestnut presently. The primary shape observed by electron microscope was introduced in this paper. The isolation, identification, and characters of this virus analogue is in progress and further investigated.
On the Food Safety Problem in China and its Supervision
Authors: Liu En Hua
Published: July 2012

In resent years food safety accidents have been come thick and fast, which is a lingering nightmare for Chinese people. The food safety accidents mainly result from the food enterprises and the governmental supervision. The food enterprises shall strengthen their own food safety management and the government shall strengthen the supervision of food safety, and both the food enterprises and the government shall positively explore the long long-term mechanism for food safety.
Agricultural Products Quality Safety Supervision Information Technology Selection and Evaluation
Authors: Li Jin , Ma Chen , Wang Jun Jun
Published: July 2012

The quality safety of agricultural products play an important role in national economic development and social stability. This article introduced the agricultural products quality safety supervision information support technology, such as rapid detection and monitoring technology; the biological chip technology; agricultural products quality safety traceability technology; modern agricultural equipment and technology; vehicle positioning system; agricultural products quality safety inspection technology; technological choice index system; construction of the evaluation system. In the last part of this article it sent an agricultural products quality safety supervision information technology selection and evaluation, which means to use the scoring method to determine the index weight, technology index. And gave a table to introduce the vegetable quality safety supervision information technology selection index system in order to provide a theoretical basis with the perspective of industrial chain of vegetable quality safety supervision information technology and equipment integration.