bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association of Periodontal Treatment and Decreased Pneumonia: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Li-Chiu , Suen Yih-Jane , Wang Yu-Hsun , Lin Tai-Chen , Yu Hui-Chieh , Chang Yu-Chao
Published: January 2020

Pneumonia is a common respiratory infectious disease that involves the inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma. Periodontal disease is widespread and correlated with pneumonia. However, the relationship between periodontal treatment and clinical infectious outcomes in patients with pneumonia has remained undetermined. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontal treatment and the risk of pneumonia events in the Taiwanese population. A nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using data from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). A total of 49,400 chronic periodontitis patients who received periodontal treatment from 2001 to 2012 were selected. In addition, 49,400 healthy individuals without periodontal diseases were picked randomly from the general population after propensity score matching according to age, gender, monthly income, urbanization, and comorbidities. The Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was adopted to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of pneumonia between the periodontal treatment cohort and the comparison cohort. The average ages of the periodontal treatment and comparison groups were 44.25 ± 14.82 years and 44.15 ± 14.5 years, respectively. The follow up durations were 7.66 and 7.41 years for the periodontal treatment and comparison groups, respectively. We found 2504 and 1922 patients with newly diagnosed pneumonia in the comparison cohort and the periodontal treatment cohort, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier plot revealed that the cumulative incidence of pneumonia was significantly lower over the 12 year follow-up period in the periodontal treatment group (using the log-rank test, p < 0.001). In conclusion, this nationwide population-based study indicated that the patients with periodontal treatment exhibited a significantly lower risk of pneumonia than the general population.
Prevalence, Trends, and Drivers of the Utilization of Unskilled Birth Attendants during Democratic Governance in Nigeria from 1999 to 2018
Authors: Ogbo Felix , Trinh Felicity , Ahmed Kedir , Senanayake Praween , Rwabilimbo Abdon , Uwaibi Noel , Agho Kingsley ,   Global Maternal and Child Health Research Collaboration (GloMACH)
Published: January 2020

Comprehensive epidemiological data on prevalence, trends, and determinants of the use of unskilled birth attendants (traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and other unskilled birth attendants) are essential to policy decision-makers and health practitioners, to guide efforts and resource allocation. This study investigated the prevalence, trends, and drivers of the utilization of unskilled birth attendants during democratic governance in Nigeria from 1999 to 2018. The study used the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys data for the years 1999 (n = 3552), 2003 (n = 6029), 2008 (n = 28,647), 2013 (n = 31,482), and 2018 (34,193). Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the association between socioeconomic, demographic, health-service, and community-level factors with the utilization of TBAs and other unskilled birth attendants in Nigeria. Between 1999 and 2018, the study showed that the prevalence of TBA-assisted delivery remained unchanged (20.7%; 95% CI: 18.0–23.7% in 1999 and 20.5%; 95% CI: 18.9–22.1% in 2018). The prevalence of other-unskilled-birth-attendant use declined significantly from 45.5% (95% CI: 41.1–49.7%) in 2003 to 36.2% (95% CI: 34.5–38.0%) in 2018. Higher parental education, maternal employment, belonging to rich households, higher maternal age (35–49 years), frequent antenatal care (ANC) (≥4) visits, the proximity of health facilities, and female autonomy in households were associated with lower odds of unskilled birth attendants’ utilization. Rural residence, geopolitical region, lower maternal age (15–24 years), and higher birth interval (≥2 years) were associated with higher odds of unskilled-birth-attendant-assisted deliveries. Reducing births assisted by unskilled birth attendants in Nigeria would require prioritized and scaled-up maternal health efforts that target all women, especially those from low socioeconomic backgrounds, those who do not attend antenatal care, and/or those who reside in rural areas.
Fraction Factorial Design of a Novel Semi-Transparent Layer for Applications on Solar Roads
Authors: Vizzari Domenico , Chailleux Emmanuel , Lavaud Stéphane , Gennesseaux Eric , Bouron Stephane
Published: January 2020

Solar roads are transportation infrastructures able both to generate electricity thanks to solar cells placed under a semi-transparent layer and to ensure heavy traffic circulation. In this paper, a novel transparent top layer made of glass aggregates bonded together using a polyurethane glue is presented. The goal is to design a composite material able to support traffic load, guarantee vehicle skid-resistance, allow the passage of sunlight, and protect the solar cells. For this purpose, the authors investigated the effect of different variables (thickness, glue content, and glass aggregate distribution) on the mechanical and optical performances of the material applying the factorial design method. The semi-transparent layer was characterized by performing the three-point bending test and measuring the power loss. Regarding the vehicle friction, experimental tests with the British Pendulum were conducted in order to measure the skid resistance of the surface and compare it with the specifications of a typical road infrastructure. According to the fraction factorial design and the British Pendulum test, the following mixture was developed: 42.8% of 4/6 mm; 42.8% of 2/4 mm, 14.4% of glue in volume, and a thickness of 0.6 cm. The first results are encouraging, and they demonstrate the feasibility of a semi-transparent layer for future applications in full scale.
Influence of Different Stabilization Systems and Multiple Ultraviolet A (UVA) Aging/Recycling Steps on Physicochemical, Mechanical, Colorimetric, and Thermal-Oxidative Properties of ABS
Authors: Fiorio Rudinei , Villanueva Díez Sara , Sánchez Alberto , D’hooge Dagmar R. , Cardon Ludwig
Published: January 2020

Commercially mass-polymerized acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) polymers, pristine or modified by stabilization systems, have been injection molded and repeatedly exposed to ultravilolet A (UVA) radiation, mechanical recycling, and extra injection molding steps to study the impact of such treatments on the physicochemical, mechanical, colorimetric, and thermal-oxidative characteristics. The work focus on mimicking the effect of solar radiation behind a window glass as relevant during the lifetime of ABS polymers incorporated in electrical and electronic equipment, and interior automotive parts by using UVA technique. The accelerated aging promotes degradation and embrittlement of the surface exposed to radiation and causes physical aging, deteriorating mechanical properties, with an expressive reduction of impact strength (unnotched: up to 900%; notched: up to 250%) and strain at break (>1000%), as well as an increase in the yellowing index (e.g., 600%). UV-exposition promotes a slight increase in the tensile modulus (e.g., 10%). The addition of antioxidants (AOs) leads to a limited stabilization during the first UVA aging, although the proper AO formulation increases the thermal-oxidative resistance during all the cycles. Mechanical recycling promotes an increase in strain at break and unnotched impact strength alongside a slight decrease in tensile modulus, due to disruption of the brittle surface and elimination of the physical aging.
Insertion of Iron Decorated Organic–Inorganic Cage-Like Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes between Clay Platelets by Langmuir Schaefer Deposition
Authors: Wu Jiquan , Potsi Georgia , Gengler Regis Y. N. , Gournis Dimitrios , Rudolf Petra
Published: January 2020

Tuning the architecture of multilayer nanostructures by exploiting the properties of their constituents is a versatile way to develop multifunctional films. Herein, we report a bottom-up approach for the fabrication of highly ordered hybrid films consisting of dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DODA), iron decorated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), and montmorillonite clay platelets. Clay platelets provided the template where Fe/POSS moieties were grafted by the use of the surfactant. Driven by the iron ions present, DODA adopted a staggered arrangement, which is essential to realize the controllable layer-by-layer growth of the film. The elemental composition of the film was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray reflectivity confirmed the existence of smooth interfaces between the different layers.
Damage Localization of Composites Based on Difference Signal and Lamb Wave Tomography
Authors: Su Chenhui , Jiang Mingshun , Liang Jianying , Tian Aiqin , Sun Lin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Faye , Sui Qingmei
Published: January 2020

In order to deal with the problem of composite damage location, an imaging technique based on differential signal and Lamb wave tomography was proposed. Firstly, the feasibility of the technique put forward was verified by simulation. In this process, the composite model was regularly set down by the circular sensor array, with each sensor acting as an actuator in sequence to generate Lamb waves. Apart from that, other sensors were used to collect response signals. With regard to the damage factor, it was mainly determined by the difference between the damage signal and the non-damage signal. The probabilistic imaging algorithm was employed to carry out damage location imaging. Then, experiments were carried out so as to study the selected composite plate. Finally, the tentative outcomes have illustrated that the maximum error of damage imaging position was 7.07 mm. The relative error was 1.6%. In addition, the method has the characteristics of simple calculation and high imaging efficiency. Therefore, it has large technical potential and wide applications in the damage location and damage recognition for composite material.
The Stability of Hydroxyapatite/Poly-L-Lactide Fixation for Unilateral Angle Fracture of the Mandible Assessed Using a Finite Element Analysis Model
Authors: Park Byungho , Jung Bryan Taekyung , Kim Won Hyeon , Lee Jong-Ho , Kim Bongju , Lee Jee-Ho
Published: January 2020

Recently, a hydroxyapatite particle/poly-L-lactide (HA-PLLA) composite device was introduced as an alternative to previous fixation systems. In this study, we used finite element analysis to simulate peak von Mises stress (PVMS) and deformation of bone plates and screws with the following four materials—Ti, Mg alloy, PLLA, and HA-PLLA—at a unilateral mandibular fracture. A three-dimensional virtual mandibular model was constructed, and the fracture surface was designed to run from the left mandibular angle. Masticatory loading was applied on the right first molars. Stress was concentrated at the upper part and the neck of the screw. The largest PVMS was observed for Ti; that was followed by Mg alloy, HA-PLLA, and PLLA. The largest deformation was observed for PLLA; next was HA-PLLA, then Mg alloy, and finally Ti. We could rank relative superiority in terms of mechanical properties. The HA-PLLA screw and mini-plate deformed less than 0.15 mm until 300 N. Thus, we can expect good bone healing with usual masticatory loading six weeks postoperatively. HA-PLLA is more frequently indicated clinically than PLLA owing to less deformation. If the quality of HA-PLLA fixation is improved, it could be widely utilized in facial bone trauma or craniofacial surgery.
Modification Tests to Optimize Compaction Quality Control of Granite Rockfill in Highway Embankments
Authors: Teijón-López-Zuazo Evelio , Vega-Zamanillo Ángel , Calzada-Pérez Miguel Ángel , Juli-Gándara Luis
Published: January 2020

Particle size can be a problem in terms of rockfill compaction control methods, with little practical development of these techniques. The necessary fieldwork and laboratory tests were carried out to develop new quality control procedures for granite rockfill. This involved the revision of certain tests like the wheel-tracking or topographic settlement tests. More than 1100 in-situ density and moisture content measurements were performed for this research. In addition, more than 220 topographic settlements and 250 wheel-tracking carriage tests were carried out. The quality control processes were completed with 24 plate bearing tests. The results of granite rockfills were classified according to their use in the different areas of core or crown. Possible evidence of statistical correlations between compaction control tests was identified. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. When testing proved relationships between them, the replacement of one by the other was evaluated by deduction. Finally, the study suggests new procedures for compaction quality control of granite rockfill for its application in core and crown.
Effects of 10-MDP Based Primer on Shear Bond Strength between Zirconia and New Experimental Resin Cement
Authors: Valente Francesco , Mavriqi Luan , Traini Tonino
Published: January 2020

To date, numerous materials in the dental field are marketed to ensure stable adhesive cementation of zirconia ceramics (Y-TZP). The aims of this study were to assess the shear bond strength of the new experimental cement Surgi Dual Flo’ Zr to Y-TZP compared to Panavia V5 cement, and to evaluate the effect of 10-MDP (10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate) containing primer on their bond strength. Twenty composite cylinders and Y-TZP disks were adhesively luted and divided into four groups based on cement type used and application or not of 10-MDP. The groups (n = 5 each) were S 10MDP (Surgi Dual Flo’ Zr with 10-MDP); S no 10MDP (Surgi Dual Flo’ Zr without 10-MDP); P 10MDP (Panavia V5 with 10-MDP); P no 10MDP (Panavia V5 without 10-MDP). Maximum load resistance (ML) and shear bond strength (SBS) were tested and mode of failure qualitative documented via scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Holm-Sidak method, and Bayesian analysis. ML and SBS were significantly higher in S 10MDP than in S no 10MDP; and in P 10MDP than in P no 10MDP (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between S 10MDP and P 10MDP; S no 10MDP and P no 10MDP (p > 0.05). Cohesive, adhesive, and mixed failure occurred among the groups. Bond strength between the experimental resin-based cement and Y-TZP was adequate for clinical application when 10-MDP was added. 10-MDP containing primer was effective improving the bond strength to Y-TZP more than the different type of resinous cement.
Mechanical Property and Structure of Polypropylene/Aluminum Alloy Hybrid Prepared via Ultrasound-Assisted Hot-Pressing Technology
Authors: Du Kunpeng , Huang Jin , Chen Jing , Li Youbing , Yang Chaolong , Xia Xiaochao
Published: January 2020

The polypropylene/aluminum alloy hybrid was prepared via an ultrasonic-assisted hot-pressing technology (UAHPT). The mechanical property and structure of the UAHPT processed polypropylene/aluminum alloy hybrid were explored by the tensile shear test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Prior to obtaining the UAHPT processed hybrid, the microporous structures were prepared by the anodic oxidation in a phosphoric acid solution in which the polypropylene (PP) melt flowed into and formed the micro mechanical interlocking structure at the interface of polypropylene/aluminum alloy. The effects of bonding temperature, pressing pressure, ultrasonic amplitude, and ultrasonic time on the bonding properties of the hybrids were investigated via orthogonal experiment. The UAHPT processed hybrid was strengthened and the maximal tensile shear strength reached up to 22.43 MPa for the polypropylene/aluminum alloy hybrid prepared at the optimum vibration processing parameters.
Aluminum/Stainless Steel Clad Materials Fabricated via Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Park Kwangjae , Kim Dasom , Kim Kyungju , Kwon Hansang
Published: January 2020

Aluminum (Al)/stainless steel (SUS) clad materials were fabricated via the process of spark plasma sintering (SPS) using Al powder/bulk and an SUS sheet. Three Al/SUS clad types were fabricated: powder/bulk (P/B), bulk/bulk (B/B), and bulk/powder/bulk (B/P/B). During the SPS, Al and SUS reacted with each other, and intermetallic compounds were created in the clads. The thermal conductivity and thermal-expansion coefficient were measured using a laser flash analyzer and dynamic mechanical analyzer, respectively. The Al/SUS (P/B) clad had a thermal conductivity of 159.5 W/mK and coefficient of thermal expansion of 15.3 × 10−6/°C. To analyze the mechanical properties, Vickers hardness and three-point bending tests were conducted. The Al/SUS (P/B) clad had a flexural strength of about 204 MPa. The Al/SUS clads fabricated via SPS in this study are suitable for use in applications in various engineering fields requiring materials with high heat dissipation and high heat resistance.
A Study of the Effect of 5 at.% Sn on the Micro-Structure and Isothermal Oxidation at 800 and 1200 °C of Nb-24Ti-18Si Based Alloys with Al and/or Cr Additions
Authors: Xu Zhen , Utton Claire , Tsakiropoulos Panos
Published: January 2020

This paper presents the results of a systematic study of Nb-24Ti-18Si based alloys with 5 at.% Sn addition. Three alloys of nominal compositions (at.%), namely Nb-24Ti-18Si-5Cr-5Sn (ZX4), Nb-24Ti-18Si-5Al-5Sn (ZX6), and Nb-24Ti-18Si-5Al-5Cr-5Sn (ZX8), were studied to understand how the increased Sn concentration improved oxidation resistance. In all three alloys there was macrosegregation, which was most severe in ZX8 and the primary βNb5Si3 transformed completely to αNb5Si3 after heat treatment. The Nbss was not stable in ZX6, the Nb3Sn was stable in all three alloys, and the Nbss and C14-NbCr2 Laves phase were stable in ZX4 and ZX8. The 5 at.% Sn addition suppressed pest oxidation at 800 °C but not scale spallation at 1200 °C. At both temperatures, a Sn-rich area with Nb3Sn, Nb5Sn2Si, and NbSn2 compounds developed below the scale. This area was thicker and continuous after oxidation at 1200 °C and was contaminated by oxygen at both temperatures. The contamination of the Nbss by oxygen was most severe in the bulk of all three alloys. Nb-rich, Ti-rich and Nb and Si-rich oxides formed in the scales. The adhesion of the latter on ZX6 at 1200 °C was better, compared with the alloys ZX4 and ZX8. At both temperatures, the improved oxidation was accompanied by a decrease and increase respectively of the alloy parameters VEC (Valence Electron Concentration) and δ, in agreement with the alloy design methodology NICE (Niobium Intermetallic Composite Elaboration). Comparison with similar alloys with 2 at.% Sn addition showed (a) that a higher Sn concentration is essential for the suppression of pest oxidation of Nb-24Ti-18Si based alloys with Cr and no Al additions, but not for alloys where Al and Cr are in synergy with Sn, (b) that the stability of Nb3Sn in the alloy is “assured” with 5 at.% Sn addition, which improves oxidation with/out the presence of the Laves phase and (c) that the synergy of Sn with Al presents the “best” oxidation behaviour with improved scale adhesion at high temperature.
Au-WO3 Nanocomposite Coatings for Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing
Authors: Figueiredo Nuno M. , Vaz Filipe , Cunha Luís , Cavaleiro Albano
Published: January 2020

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) gas sensors are gaining increasing importance due to their unique tuneable functional properties. Au-WO3−x nanocomposite coatings, in particular, can be outstandingly sensitive to many different gases. However, a proper understanding of their optical properties and the way in which those properties are correlated to their structure/microstructure, is still needed. In this work, Au-WO3 nanocomposite coatings, with Au contents between 0–11 atomic percent, were grown using reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique and were characterized concerning their optical response. The precipitation of Au nanoparticles in the oxide matrix was promoted through thermal annealing treatments until 500 °C. Along with the Au nanoparticles’ morphological changes, the annealing treatments stimulated the crystallization of WO3, together with the appearance of oxygen-deficient WO3−x phases. Through theoretical simulations, we have related the LSPR effect with the different structural and morphological variations (namely, size and distribution of the nanoparticles and their local environment), which were a function of the Au content and annealing temperature. Our results suggest that local voids were present in the vicinity of the Au nanoparticles, for all temperature range, and that they should be present in a wide variety of Au-WO3 nanocomposites. A theoretical study concerning the refractive index sensitivity was carried out in order to predict the optimal coating design parameters for gas sensing experiments.
Prognostication of Poor Survival After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Bašinskas Paulius , Stoškutė Neris , Gerulytė Austėja , Abramavičiūtė Agnė , Puodžiukynas Aras , Kazakevičius Tomas
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a successful treatment option for appropriately selected patients. However, one–third of recipients do not experience any positive outcome or their condition even declines. We aimed to assess preimplantation factors associated with worse survival after the CRT. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective unicenter trial. The study cohort included 183 consecutive CRT-treated patients. Baseline demographic, clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics were analyzed. Results: After the median follow-up of 15.6 months (9.3–26.3), 20 patients had died (11%). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, ischemic origin of heart failure (HF) was a significant predictor of poor survival (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 15.235, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.999–116.1), p = 0.009). In univariate Cox regression, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) <15.5 mm (sensitivity 0.824, specificity 0.526; HR 5.019, 95% CI (1.436–17.539), p = 0.012), post-implantation prescribed antiplatelet agents (HR 2.569, 95% CI (1.060–6.226), p = 0.037), statins (HR 2.983, 95% CI (1.146–7.764), p = 0.025), and nitrates (HR 3.694, 95% CI (1.342–10.171), p = 0.011) appeared to be related with adverse outcome. Conclusions: ischemic etiology of HF is a significant factor associated with worse survival after the CRT. Decreased TAPSE is also related to poor survival.
Le castrum de Montréal-de-Sos, 16 ans de recherches archéologiques sur une fortification des Pyrénées ariégeoises
Authors: Guillot Florence , Portet Nicolas
Published: January 2020

Montréal-de-Sos est un éperon calcaire de la montagne pyrénéenne, tout en rudesse, en pentes, rochers et falaises. Depuis l’Âge du Bronze moyen, les dominations sociétales s’y succédèrent, voire s’y emboîtèrent. Ce sommet surplombe un bassin de vie de la haute vallée de l’Ariège, niché au pied de sommets culminants au-delà de 3000 m d’altitude, aujourd’hui crête frontière entre France, Andorre et Catalogne. Le site est connu dans quelques rares actes médiévaux pour avoir été un castrum des comtes de Foix aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles. Treize années de fouilles archéologiques puis, trois années d’études supplémentaires, ont permis de restituer une image des occupations humaines, tant pour leurs aspects architecturaux que pour leurs artefacts. Cet ouvrage présente ces résultats, de l’occupation protohistorique à celle de la fin du XIVe siècle de notre ère, traitant des bâtis, des espaces, des fonctions du site et des objets exhumés. Parmi ces derniers, des découvertes étonnantes ont été réalisées, telles ces centaines de pierres gravées de dessins, plus rarement de textes. L’une d’elles est un fragment inédit d’un poème de troubadour en occitan. Une autre porte la figuration de chevaliers et d’une fortification médiévale… L’ensemble des éléments mis au jour témoigne d’aspects peu connus sur la vie quotidienne des habitants de ce type de castrum montagnard.
Le site des Causses à Saint-André de Sangonis (VIe siècle) et la place alimentaire des animaux dans la moyenne vallée de l’Hérault durant le haut Moyen Âge
Authors: Ginouvez Olivier , Forest Vianney , Chabal Lucie , Compan Michel , Figueiral Isabelle , Jung Cécile
Published: January 2020

Les connaissances concernant l’occupation diachronique du Bas-Languedoc font foi du caractère attractif des terrasses de l’Hérault à partir du Néolithique récent. Participent de ce constat les résultats des premières enquêtes, engagées à la fin des années 1970, tout comme ceux des nombreuses fouilles préventives consécutives à l’urbanisation grandissante de la vallée et à la refonte de ses réseaux de communication. L’archéologie du centre-Hérault est en cela l’une des plus actives de la région (1). Jusqu’alors inconnu, le gisement des Causses a été identifié, puis fouillé, à l’occasion des interventions motivées par le projet de construction de l’autoroute A750 (Raux 2004 ; Ginouvez et al 2007). L’étude a été réalisée durant l’hiver 2003 dans le cadre d’une vaste opération (dite du Lagarel) dont l’emprise a été étendue à trois autres sites localisés à proximité immédiate (2) (fig. 1). Les données archéologiques que nous qualifierons de «conventionnelles » , autrement dit, celles déduites de la chronologie et de l’architecture de l’établissement – sans oublier les éléments de la culture matérielle – peinent à caractériser correctement l’occupation. Pour cette raison, une place importante a été accordée à l’étude archéozoologique, dans l’intention d’élargir le champ interprétatif. De la restitution du site en lui-même à une mise en perspective régionale, l’objet était de saisir dans quelles dynamiques s’inscrivent les lieux d’un point de vue alimentaire, et plus généralement agricole.
La fortification en Pyrénées Centrales (Ariège, Haute-Garonne), du début du XIe siècle au début du XVe siècle : onze années de recherches collectives
Authors: Guillot Florence , Lasnier Thibaut , Audabram Pascal , Dupuy Nathalie , Tillet Patrice
Published: January 2020

Un programme collectif de recherche dont l’objet était l’étude des fortifications, privées ou collectives, dans la seconde partie du Moyen Âge, a oeuvré durant une dizaine d’années en Pyrénées Centrales françaises menant un travail pluridisciplinaire d’archéologie, d’archéologie du bâti et d’histoire. Les résultats sont abordés du point de vue de l’étude des sites, des bâtis et des bâtiments, suivant l’étude des vestiges, et les quelques sondages et fouilles menés, mais aussi du point de vue de leurs fonctions et de leurs relations avec les autres éléments de l’aménagement de l’espace. La montagne, conservatoire, livre des vestiges de fortifications privées anciennes sur des nids d’aigle et s’y pérennisent des châteaux isolés du monde civil tout au long du second Moyen Âge, tandis que les villages fortifiés restent peu nombreux jusqu’à la fin du Moyen Âge. Les territoires de plaine ou de basses vallées ne semblent pas avoir été beaucoup plus propices au modèle château et village associé, mais le développement économique marchand des deux derniers siècles du Moyen Âge produit un accroissement du nombre et de l’importance de diverses fortifications collectives. Durant toute la période étudiée, les fortifications privées révèlent un dégradé de formes d’ouest en est (absence ou présence de tours maîtresses exiguës par exemple). Il n’atténue pas l’unité architecturale de ces châteaux qui demeurent majoritairement des sites de hauteur, de faible défense active, même à la fin du Moyen Âge. Les ouvrages de fortifications des villes et villages et des résidences aristocratiques connaissent des évolutions de styles, de plans et de situations qui ont des origines plurifactorielles : culturelles — entre un style languedocien et un autre gascon ; géopolitiques – selon la hiérarchie seigneuriale et ses évolutions très différentes suivant les régions et suivant l’individualisation des comtés de Foix et de Comminges d’histoire et de puissance différentes tout au long du second Moyen Âge ; socio-économiques, suivant les systèmes de peuplement et d’habitat ; mais aussi, quand on peut en juger, selon l’histoire événementielle des différents secteurs.
La céramique en Haute Durance à l’Époque moderne d’après les fouilles du bourg castral de L’Argentière à L’Argentière-la-Bessée (Hautes-Alpes)
Authors: Oury Benjamin
Published: January 2020

Après quatre années d’opérations archéologiques menées au château de L’Argentière, le mobilier céramique datant de l’époque Moderne a été récolté en suffisante quantité pour proposer une étude sur la consommation en Haute Durance. La recherche s’est d’abord heurtée à un manque de référentiels et de typochronologie pour ce genre de céramiques et la fragmentation importante des tessons n’ont pas facilité les identifications. Toutefois, deux grands groupes de pâte ont pu être mis en évidence : l’un de couleur rouge sombre avec une forte proportion de mica, l’autre rouge clair avec des inclusions de calcaire. À l’intérieur de ces deux groupes ont également été remarqués des traitements techniques différents. Selon les indices accumulés durant l’étude, ces céramiques auraient été produites en Moyenne Durance, dans une large aire allant de Manosque jusqu’aux alentours de Gap. Des analyses pétrographiques pourraient préciser cette provenance.
Le comte d’Ulster et la croisade contre les albigeois
Authors: Duffy Paul
Published: January 2020

De façon quelque peu surprenante, l’Irlande du XIIIe siècle fut liée aux événements survenus en Languedoc, à travers un réseau de connexions politiques. Au centre de ces péripéties figure Hugues II de Lacy, comte d’Ulster. À la suite de son expulsion d’Irlande par Jean sans Terre, en 1210, Hugues II demeura en exil sur le continent pendant treize ans avant d’envahir une partie de Meath et le comté d’Ulster autrefois sien. Grâce à l’analyse de la carrière d’Hugues de Lacy pendant ses années d’exil, cet article insiste sur son rôle capital dans la croisade contre les albigeois, puis sur sa nomination comme seigneur de Castelnaudary et Laurac. Au cours de cette étude, l’Irlande et le Languedoc sont envisagés dans le cadre global de l’expansion des pouvoirs des maisons capétienne et Plantagenêt. L’annexion des territoires frontaliers d’Irlande et du Languedoc marque le commencement de l’apogée de ces deux dynasties qui allaient dominer la politique de l’Europe occidentale au cours des siècles ultérieurs.
Le notaire, la forêt privée, l’arbre et le bois. Le cas du piémont Est-Pyrénéen au XIXe siècle
Authors: Fabre Éric
Published: January 2020

Alors que, au XIXe siècle, les sources dédiées à la gestion forestière permettent de décrire les configurations et les usages des forêts publiques, les espaces boisés privés sont beaucoup moins bien documentés. Sans pilotage administratif de leur gestion, aucune archive centralisée ne permet à l’historien de les appréhender. De plus, lorsqu’ils sont aux mains de la paysannerie, ces espaces sont morcelés et réduits à peu de chose individuellement, alors que, pris en bloc, ils forment presque partout l’essentiel des boisements. Et comme, par ailleurs, les archives privées de beaux domaines sylvicoles sont très rares, l’historien doit recourir à des sources élémentaires. Le notaire nous apparaît comme un guide privilégié pour pénétrer ces espaces et en décrire les usages.
Bordeaux à la fin du Moyen Âge, une puissance militaire. Composition et organisation de ses forces armées.
Authors: Haure Vincent
Published: January 2020

Penser une ville médiévale comme une puissance militaire n’est pas fréquent lorsqu’on étudie la guerre de Cent Ans. Pourtant, les Registres de la Jurade de Bordeaux donnent à voir une municipalité qui entend conduire la guerre et assembler une véritable armée communale qui n’a rien à envier à celle d’un prince. Les jurats organisent aussi le Bordelais en un bassin défensif dédié à contenir la pression française et rallient la noblesse et le plat pays.
Les pulsions de la guerre et la mise en défense (Rouergue, XIVe-XVe siècles) .
Authors: Ferrand Guilhem
Published: January 2020

La volonté de sortir de guerre lorsque le conflit commence, lorsqu’il s’apaise temporairement, à l’occasion d’une trêve, ou lorsqu’il est fini, met en évidence les ressorts psychologiques du processus de mise en défense. Ceux-ci sont activés et soutenus par la lecture que chacun peut effectuer des faits et par les sentiments que celle-ci fait naître. Parmi ces derniers, le sentiment d’insécurité est le plus important. Il s’affirme comme le véritable moteur de l’action et de la réaction des individus face à la guerre.
Communautés d’habitants et choix de la guerre civile en région toulousaine au début des guerres de Religion
Authors: Souriac Pierre-Jean
Published: January 2020

À partir de 1562 et du début des guerres de Religion, dans le royaume de France comme dans la région toulousaine s’observent des processus de prise d’armes et de mise en défense au niveau des communautés d’habitants. À l’échelle d’une ville comme Toulouse, qui s’affirme comme un bastion du catholicisme méridional, ce processus correspond à de véritables choix politiques et partisans. À l’échelle des communautés villageoises, il peut être subi ou volontaire, mais il s’inscrit dans une polarisation du plat pays entre parti catholique et parti protestant. La rapidité de cette mobilisation, dès le printemps 1562, laisse penser que la société méridionale disposait encore de réflexes issus de temps plus anciens, réflexes bien ancrés dans les pratiques sociales, malgré la relative période de paix du temps de la Renaissance. Cet article tente de comprendre ce processus autour de deux mécanismes de mobilisation. D’abord, celui de la désignation de l’adversaire. Cet aspect est fondamental dans la mise en place de la guerre civile, car il permit aux communautés de prendre conscience d’une nouvelle altérité jugée menaçante et de prendre les décisions en conséquence. Le deuxième aspect permet d’aborder la question de la légitimité de la prise d’armes, de la légitimité légale à la légitimité morale, justification de l’engagement dans la guerre.
Le conseil de la ville d’Arles entre 1588 et 1649 : le fait politique comme processus de création continu
Authors: Bourjac Bruno
Published: January 2020

Der Rat der Stadt Arles 1588-1649 : Politik als kontinuierlicher Schaffungsprozess.

Im zeitalter der Katholischen Liga und der Fronde erwarben die Stadtverordneten in Arles Aufgabenbereiche dazu und nutzten ihre Macht auf neue weise. Die unruhigen politischen zeiten erlaubten es, Herrschaftsausübung und politisches Vokabular neu zu formulieren. Die Katholische Liga und ihre zeit sind somit eine Übergangsphase, die zur Einführung eines neuen proto-politischen Raumes am Ende des 16. und zu Beginn des 17. Jh. führt. Schrittweise entsteht eine neue Art von Herrschaft, die auf Gesetzen, Rationalität und auf der zunehmenden Individualisierung der Ratsmitglieder gründet und die alten korporativen und auf Einstimmigkeit bedachten Herrschaftsformen ablöst. Das Rathaus (Maison commune) wird eine politische Institution die immer mehr die züge und Techniken einer modernen, auf die Bedürfnisse der Bevölkerung eingehenden Bürokratie annimmt. Das vorhandene städtische Konflikt-und Gewaltpotential musste innerhalb der Institution gelöst werden, schon aus zwängen der Transparenz gegenüber den anderen Institutionen. In diesem Aufsatz werden Ansätze der Soziologie genutzt, um die Phasen der Veränderungen und der Neuordnungen verschiedener Organisationen des städtischen Regiments zu untersuchen.
La praxis écologique de Bernard Charbonneau : une défense de la Côte aquitaine dans les années 1970
Authors: Duverger Timothée
Published: January 2020

La Mission interministérielle d’Aménagement de la Côte aquitaine (MIACA) est créée en 1967 pour développer la région par le tourisme. C’est l’occasion pour Bernard Charbonneau de mettre à l’épreuve sa pensée. Il devient en 1973 – et ce jusqu’en 1977 – président du Comité de défense de la Côte aquitaine (CDCA) et pointe les contradictions de la MIACA entre sa théorie (le souci écologique) et sa pratique (la croissance à tout prix). Pour lui, il s’agit d’une entreprise de colonisation imposée depuis Paris pour accomplir la «Grande Mue » d’une région épargnée par la vague de modernisation d’après-guerre. Il entre donc en résistance et défend le monde vécu, la société locale au rapport équilibré avec la nature, l’utopie d’un lieu qui existe déjà ici et maintenant. En travaillant sur les archives inédites de cette lutte conservées dans le fonds Charbonneau par l’IEP de Bordeaux, on s’aperçoit que la formule : «Penser global, agir local » n’est pas un vain mot, mais que s’y trouve la réalité du mouvement écologique alors naissant et prenant forme dans le creuset des luttes régionales.
Les sociétés savantes et les facultés toulousaines (1798-1870)
Authors: Barrera Caroline
Published: January 2020

Il est d’usage de dire qu’avant la IIIe République, les facultés françaises, notamment en province, n’étaient pas des lieux de production scientifique. Cette affirmation mérite d’être nuancée. Car si la structure facultaire est focalisée sur l’enseignement, cela ne signifie pas que les professeurs ne se livrent pas à des travaux prospectifs. Les données bibliographiques ne laissent aucun doute sur l’existence d’une activité scientifique avant la IIIe République, à Paris ou en province. Ces travaux se font à titre privé ou dans d’autres structures comme les sociétés de pensée. Tout se passe comme si, sous couvert de sociabilité érudite, les compagnies savantes prenaient en charge les carences des facultés et la gestion d’une situation paradoxale, qui est d’avoir confiné des professeurs aptes à la recherche dans des tâches d’enseignement et d’évaluation insatisfaisantes. Jusqu’aux réformes de la IIIe République qui intègrent la production de la connaissance dans les missions des universitaires, facultés et sociétés savantes vont donc entretenir une relation privilégiée.
Amor and Roma: Understanding Vitruvius through Eryximachus’ Erotic logos in Plato’s Symposium
Authors: Mcintosh Gillian
Published: January 2020

At the end of Book 5 of de Architectura, Vitruvius states that, having dealt with public spaces and structures, he will turn in Book 6 to private dwellings. Yet in the praefatio to Book 6, much to the surprise of the reader, there is virtually nothing about houses. Rather, Vitruvius discusses Greek philosophers as well as his own education and the practice of architecture. This paper argues that a fruitful way to understand the praefatio is, perhaps surprisingly, to turn to Eryximachus’ erotic logos in Plato’s Symposium. I will argue that Vitruvius makes “ specific allusion” (per Hinds) to the doctor’s speech, and that in doing so he is acting like Eryximachus to some extent. But Vitruvius problematizes things, for at the same time, he is also like Plato outside of the text. Vitruvius does this, I argue, so as first to demonstrate, and in some sense to appropriate Greek learning, and then, ultimately to forge for himself a place of literary and social auctoritas in Augustan Rome.
Meretrix in fabula : un personnage de comédie chez Phèdre
Authors: Georgacopoulou Sophia
Published: January 2020

En nous fondant sur la distinction générique entre comédie et fable, ainsi que sur la tension sémantique entre le risible intentionnel et le ridicule, nous nous proposons d’étudier la figure de la courtisane dans les Fables de Phèdre (Fab. 4, 5 ; App. 4 ; App. 29), par le biais des intertextes comiques de ce personnage. Si on prend en compte la réflexion poétique et morale de Phèdre, la mise en fable de la meretrix peut poser la question de la permanence du comique. À un niveau méta-poétique, la dichotomie uerax / fallax, vérité / mensonge, se reflète bien dans le couple antithétique Phèdre / meretrix.
The Stoic Seneca on virtus, gaudium and voluptas
Authors: Evenepoel Willy
Published: January 2020

We all know that the Stoa considered virtus as the supreme good, while for Epicurus

voluptas occupied that position. In this study, I explore how much room the Stoic Seneca leaves for voluptas, despite his rejection of a life that aims at voluptas. Seneca combats Epicurus’ teachings regarding voluptas. He points out the appropriate attitude with respect to enjoyment and the negative consequences of the pathos voluptas. As there is great risk of slipping into erroneous behaviour (pathos), the room Seneca allots to pleasure, in particular physical pleasure, is very small : physical pleasure is only acceptable to the extent that nature has attached it to life-preserving actions. As far as spiritual enjoyment is concerned, Seneca especially appreciates the voluptates honestae which are connected with performing “ kathekonta”. Nevertheless, the vera voluptas is gaudium, a by-product of virtus. Only the wise man knows this gaudium. Although one strives for virtus for its own sake, Seneca appears to consider gaudium as an important stimulus for those on the path to virtue.
Sprache und Kommunikation als Gegenstand der Satiren Juvenals
Authors: Fögen Thorsten
Published: January 2020

Language and Communication as an Object of Juvenal’s Satires – Ancient Roman Satire addresses a variety of different themes. Speech and communication as well as literary criticism are particularly prominent in this literary genre. After a short overview of how Lucilius, Horace and Persius deal with these aspects in their satirical works, this paper analyses how Juvenal approaches forms of speech and communication from a satirical perspective. It explores his remarks on certain types of verbal and non-verbal communication, gender-specific modes of communication (“ female speech”), and the use of Greek – in particular in contexts which consider the significance of language and learning or the role of rhetoric in Roman society. Although it is evident that Juvenal contributes heavily to the construction of stereotypes, as can be expected from a satirist, his portrayals of certain types of speakers have important socio-cultural implications. It is therefore justified to argue that his texts can, at least to some extent, be used to reconstruct not only the language attitudes, but also the normative expectations and systems of social behaviour in Roman society. At the same time, the way in which Juvenal’s Satires present and evaluate the Greek language and its speakers reveals certain forms of self-perception of the Romans as opposed to other cultures.
Claudian’s Art
Authors: Christiansen Peter G. , Christiansen David
Published: January 2020

Claudius Claudianus is commonly remembered for his activities as a propagandist in the court of Honorius, but earlier in his career he had established a reputation as a celebrated poet. A close reading of the Carmina Minora reveals his familiarity with classical Latin poetry and his identification with historic Roman Republicanism, while suggesting details about his transition from epic poetry to imperial panegyric. As a result, modern readers have a deeper appreciation of his career and literary legacy.
L’inscription d’un bénéficiaire à Sétif (Maurétanie Césarienne)
Authors: Christol Michel
Published: January 2020

La révision de l’inscription AE 1993, 1777, de Sétif en Maurétanie Césarienne, élimine les anomalies de la lecture initiale. L’autel restauré par le bénéficiaire, sur le lieu même de sa mission, montre l’importance acquise par la ville durant le IIe siècle ap. J.-C.
Hérodote, l’Héraclès de Thasos et les “Phéniciens”
Authors: Muller-Dufeu Marion
Published: January 2020

Le texte d’Hérodote qui mentionne un sanctuaire d’Héraclès Thasien à Tyr et les origines phéniciennes de Thasos se heurte à la vraisemblance et à l’absence de toute trace d’occupation phénicienne à Thasos même, et plus généralement dans l’Égée du nord. Le réexamen de ce texte conduit à proposer une nouvelle traduction et une nouvelle identification d’une part de la divinité adorée dans le sanctuaire tyrien, d’autre part de l’Héraclès Thasien : celui-ci est visiblement un Héraclès de l’Ida comme le montre un passage de Pausanias rarement commenté jusqu’à présent. Or, l’Héraclès de l’Ida, en tant que divinité originaire de Phrygie et associée à la métallurgie, convient particulièrement pour des populations indigènes de Thasos, qui pratiquaient une métallurgie active bien avant l’arrivée des Pariens. D’autres textes de Pausanias montrent son importance dans tout le nord de l’Égée. Parallèlement, on s’efforce de montrer que les éléments naguère invoqués pour asseoir la présence phénicienne dans ces régions se rapporteraient bien mieux à des milieux indigènes. Pourquoi alors ne pas questionner l’identité même de ces Φοίνικες ?
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Silicon-Hydrogen Bond Activation by Rhodium Dicarbonyl Complex in Solution
Authors: Abhi Purwoko Agus , Hadisaputra Saprizal , Less Alistair J.
Published: January 2020

The photoreactivity of hydrotris-(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)boratedicarbonylrhodium(I) or HB(Pz*)3Rh(CO)2 complex has been studied at room-temperature n-pentane solution in the presence of 0.05 M Et3SiH (Et = C2H5). The IR spectra show that the decline of νCO parent complex at 1980 and 2054 cm-1 is followed by growing bands at 2029 and 2020 cm-1. In light of the photolysis of the parent complex in neat n-pentane solution the feature at 2020 cm-1 is tentatively assigned to the νCO band of the Si-H bond activation product. Upon standing in the dark, the 2020 cm-1 increases slightly in contrast with the 2029 cm-1 peak which decreases over time. These observations raise question whether the intensity increase of the 2020 cm-1 peak occurs unimolecularly resulting from the intramolecular rearrangement of the C-H bond activation of Et3SiH or bimolecularly as a result of the elimination of the C-H bond activation of the solvent and subsequent re-addition of the Si-H bond of the Et3SiH ligand. To gain more insight to reaction dynamics of the Si-H bond activation, the experimental results are compared to the photolysis of the parent complex in neat Et3SiH. The quantum efficiency (ϕSi-H) of this photoreaction yields a low value of 0.16. The results indicate that the Si-H bond activation is facilitated by intramolecular rearrangement mode. In addition, a theoretical study was conducted using density functional study at B3LYP/LanL2DZ level of theory, and the findings implicate that the final complex product was produced by the Si-H bond activation of Et3SiH.
Determinantes de la alfabetización financiera.
Authors: Antonio-Anderson Ceyla , Peña Cárdenas Maricela Carolina , López Saldaña Cristina del Pilar
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores que determinan el nivel de alfabetización financiera en adultos mexicanos, el método utilizado para el análisis fue un modelo de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO). Los resultados revelan que la edad, estado conyugal, escolaridad, número de dependientes y nivel de ingreso en las regiones centro y sur, se asociaron positivamente con el índice de alfabetización financiera; mientras que los hombres y el hecho de tener trabajo, se asoció de manera negativa. Una de las limitaciones del estudio, radica en el número de observaciones en cuanto a algunas variables consideradas. La originalidad del trabajo consiste en que se aporta evidencia considerando las características a nivel individual para México. Los hallazgos obtenidos pueden ser de utilidad para el diseño de políticas públicas así como fungir como una base que permita desprender estudios posteriores.