bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the continuum of care monitoring in Brazilian HIV healthcare services: An implementation science approach
Authors: Loch Ana Paula , Rocha Simone Queiroz , Fonsi Mylva , de Magalhães Caraciolo Joselita Maria , Kalichman Artur Olhovetchi , de Alencar Souza Rosa , Gianna Maria Clara , Gonçalves Alexandre , Short Duncan , Pimenta Shenia Liane , Bagnola Lea , Wonhnrath Menuzzo Carolina , da Rocha Meireles Zulmira , Natividade Diz Eunice , Zajdenverg Roberto , Prudente Isidoro , Battistella Nemes Maria Ines
Published: May 2021

Objective

To evaluate the impact of an intervention improving the continuum of care monitoring (CCM) within HIV public healthcare services in São Paulo, Brazil, and implementing a clinical monitoring system. This system identified three patient groups prioritized for additional care engagement: (1) individuals diagnosed with HIV, but not receiving treatment (the treatment gap group); (2) individuals receiving treatment for >6 months with a detectable viral load (the virologic failure group); and (3) patients lost to follow-up (LTFU).

Methods

The implementation strategies included three training sessions, covering system logistics, case discussions, and development of maintenance goals. These strategies were conducted within 30 HIV public healthcare services (May 2019 to April 2020). After each training session, professionals shared their experiences with CCM at regional meetings. Before and after the intervention, providers were invited to answer 23 items from the normalization process theory questionnaire (online) to understand contextual factors. The mean item scores were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. The RE-AIM implementation science framework (evaluating reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) was used to evaluate the integration of the CCM.

Results

In the study, 47 (19.3%) of 243 patients with a treatment gap initiated treatment, 456 (49.1%) of 928 patients with virologic failure achieved suppression, and 700 of 1552 (45.1%) LTFU patients restarted treatment. Strategies for the search and reengagement of patients were developed and shared. Providers recognized the positive effects of CCM on their work and how it modified existing activities (3.7 vs. 4.4, p<0.0001, and 3.9 vs. 4.1, p<0.05); 27 (90%) centers developed plans to sustain routine CCM.

Conclusion

Implementing CCM helped identify patients requiring more intensive attention. This intervention led to changes in providers’ perceptions of CCM and care and management processes, which increased the number of patients engaged across the care continuum and improved outcomes.
Introducing Point-of-Interest as an alternative to Area-of-Interest for fixation duration analysis
Authors: Rim Nak Won , Choe Kyoung Whan , Scrivner Coltan , Berman Marc G.
Published: May 2021

Many eye-tracking data analyses rely on the Area-of-Interest (AOI) methodology, which utilizes AOIs to analyze metrics such as fixations. However, AOI-based methods have some inherent limitations including variability and subjectivity in shape, size, and location of AOIs. In this article, we propose an alternative approach to the traditional AOI dwell time analysis: Weighted Sum Durations (WSD). This approach decreases the subjectivity of AOI definitions by using Points-of-Interest (POI) while maintaining interpretability. In WSD, the durations of fixations toward each POI is weighted by the distance from the POI and summed together to generate a metric comparable to AOI dwell time. To validate WSD, we reanalyzed data from a previously published eye-tracking study (n = 90). The re-analysis replicated the original findings that people gaze less towards faces and more toward points of contact when viewing violent social interactions.
Current and next-year cranberry yields predicted from local features and carryover effects
Authors: Parent Léon Etienne , Jamaly Reza , Atucha Amaya , Jeanne Parent Elizabeth , Workmaster Beth Ann , Ziadi Noura , Parent Serge-Étienne
Published: May 2021

Wisconsin and Quebec are the world leading cranberry-producing regions. Cranberries are grown in acidic, naturally low-fertility sandy beds. Cranberry fertilization is guided by general soil and tissue nutrient tests in addition to yield target and vegetative biomass. However, other factors such as cultivar, location, and carbon and nutrient storage impact cranberry nutrition and yield. The objective of this study was to customize nutrient diagnosis and fertilizer recommendation at local scale and for next-year cranberry production after accounting for local factors and carbon and nutrient carryover effects. We collected 1768 observations from on-farm surveys and fertilizer trials in Quebec and Wisconsin to elaborate a machine learning model using minimum datasets. We tested carryover effects in a 5-year Quebec fertilizer experiment established on permanent plots. Micronutrients contributed more than macronutrients to variation in tissue compositions. Random Forest model related accurately current-year berry yield to location, cultivars, climatic indices, fertilization, and tissue and soil tests as features (classification accuracy of 0.83). Comparing compositions of defective and successful tissue compositions in the Euclidean space of tissue compositions, the general across-factor diagnosis differed from the local factor-specific diagnosis. Nutrient standards elaborated in one region could hardly be transposed to another and, within the same region, from one bed to another due to site-specific characteristics. Next-year yield and nutrient adjustment could be predicted accurately from current-year yield and tissue composition and other features, with R2 value of 0.73 in regression mode and classification accuracy of 0.85. Compositional and machine learning methods proved to be effective to customize nutrient diagnosis and predict site-specific measures for nutrient management of cranberry stands. This study emphasized the need to acquire large experimental and observational datasets to capture the numerous factor combinations impacting current and next-year cranberry yields at local scale.
Barriers to accessing preventive health care among African-born individuals in King County, Washington: A qualitative study involving key informants
Authors: Roberts D. Allen , Abera Seifu , Basualdo Guiomar , Kerani Roxanne P. , Mohamed Farah , Schwartz Rahel , Gebreselassie Beyene , Ali Ahmed , Patel Rena
Published: May 2021

Studies of African immigrant health in the U.S. have traditionally focused on infectious diseases. However, the rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) indicates the increasing importance of general preventive health care. As part of a series of community health events designed for African-born individuals in King County, Washington, we administered key informant interviews (KIIs) with 16 health event participants, medical professionals, and community leaders to identify barriers and facilitators to use of preventive health care among African-born individuals. We used descriptive thematic analysis to organize barriers according to the socio-ecological model. Within the individual domain, KII participants identified lack of knowledge and awareness of preventive health benefits as barriers to engagement in care. Within the interpersonal domain, language and cultural differences frequently complicated relationships with health care providers. Within the societal and policy domains, healthcare costs, lack of insurance, and structural racism were also reported as major barriers. Participants identified community outreach with culturally competent and respectful providers as key elements of interventions to improve uptake. In conclusion, African immigrant communities face several barriers, ranging from individual to policy levels, to accessing health services, resulting in substantial unmet need for chronic disease prevention and treatment. Community-centered and -led care may help facilitate uptake and engagement in care.
Barriers to initiation of hepatitis C virus therapy in Germany: A retrospective, case-controlled study
Authors: Buggisch Peter , Heiken Hans , Mauss Stefan , Weber Bernd , Jung Maria-Christina , Görne Herbert , Heyne Renate , Hinrichsen Holger , Hidde Dennis , König Bettina , Pires dos Santos Ana Gabriela , Niederau Claus , Berg Thomas
Published: May 2021

Despite the availability of highly effective and well-tolerated direct-acting antivirals, not all patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection receive treatment. This retrospective, multi-centre, noninterventional, case-control study identified patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection initiating (control) or not initiating (case) treatment at 43 sites in Germany from September 2017 to June 2018. It aimed to compare characteristics of the two patient populations and to identify factors involved in patient/physician decision to initiate/not initiate chronic hepatitis C virus treatment, with a particular focus on historical barriers. Overall, 793 patients were identified: 573 (72%) who received treatment and 220 (28%) who did not. In 42% of patients, the reason for not initiating treatment was patient wish, particularly due to fear of treatment (17%) or adverse events (13%). Other frequently observed reasons for not initiating treatment were in accordance with known historical barriers for physicians to initiate therapy, including perceived or expected lack of compliance (14.5%), high patient age (10.9%), comorbidities (15.0%), alcohol abuse (9.1%), hard drug use (7.7%), and opioid substitution therapy (4.5%). Patient wish against therapy was also a frequently reported reason for not initiating treatment in the postponed (35.2%) and not planned (47.0%) subgroups; of note, known historical factors were also common reasons for postponing treatment. Real-world and clinical trial evidence is accumulating, which suggests that such historical barriers do not negatively impact treatment effectiveness. Improved education is key to facilitate progress towards the World Health Organization target of eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030.
Fit-for-purpose quantitative liquid biopsy based droplet digital PCR assay development for detection of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) RNA expression in PAXgene blood samples
Authors: O’Rourke Dennis , Wang Danyi , Sanchez-Garcia Jorge F. , Cusano Maria Perella , Miller Waldemar , Cai Ti , Scheuenpflug Juergen , Feng Zheng
Published: May 2021

Development of a clinically applicable liquid biopsy-based test for PD-L1 mRNA expression would be beneficial in providing complementary evidence to current immunohistochemistry assays. Hence, we report the development of a fit-for-purpose assay for detection of blood PD-L1 mRNA expression using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). TaqMan® assays were selected based on coverage of the PD-L1 gene and were tested for linearity and efficiency using real-time quantitative PCR. Four reference genes were analyzed in positive control cell line (A549 treated with interferon gamma, [IFN γ]) genomic DNA. The PD-L1 primer/probe sets were also evaluated in ddPCR for limit of blank, limit of detection, and precision. Finally, thirty-five healthy volunteer samples were evaluated to establish a baseline level of PD-L1 expression. In ddPCR, the limit of blank was determined to be 0 copies and the limit of detection was determined to be less than or equal to 19 copies of PD-L1. The average intra-run coefficient of variation in the ddPCR assay was 7.44% and average inter-run CV was 7.70%. Treatment of A549 cells with IFN γ resulted in a 6.7-fold increase in PD-L1 expression (21,580 copies in untreated cDNA versus 145,000 copies in treated cDNA). Analysis of healthy human samples yielded a median value of 1659 PD-L1 copies/μL with a range of 768–7510 copies/μL. The assay was transferred to an external service provider and results from our in-house experiments and those conducted externally shows a correlation of 0.994. In conclusion, a fit-for-purpose liquid biopsy-based, purely quantitative ddPCR assay for the detection of PD-L1 mRNA expression was developed and validated using PAXgene RNA blood samples. Linearity, reproducibility, limit of blank and limit of detection were measured and deemed suitable for clinical application. This ultra-sensitive liquid biopsy ddPCR assay has promising clinical potential in screening, longitudinal monitoring and disease progression detection.
A study on ship collision conflict prediction in the Taiwan Strait using the EMD-based LSSVM method
Authors: Chai Tian , Xue Han
Published: May 2021

Ship collision accidents are the primary threat to traffic safety in the sea. Collision accidents can cause casualties and environmental pollution. The collision risk is a major indicator for navigators and surveillance operators to judge the collision danger between meeting ships. The number of collision accidents per unit time in a certain water area can be considered to describe the regional collision risk However, historical ship collision accidents have contingencies, small sample sizes and weak regularities; hence, ship collision conflicts can be used as a substitute for ship collision accidents in characterizing the maritime traffic safety situation and have become an important part of methods that quantitatively study the traffic safety problem and its countermeasures. In this work, an EMD-QPSO-LSSVM approach, which is a hybrid of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) optimized least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) model, is proposed to forecast ship collision conflicts. First, original ship collision conflict time series are decomposed into a collection of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue with EMD. Second, both the IMF components and residue are applied to establish the corresponding LSSVM models, where the key parameters of the LSSVM are optimized by QPSO algorithm. Then, each subseries is predicted with the corresponding LSSVM. Finally, the prediction values of the original ship collision conflict datasets are calculated by the sum of the forecasting values of each subseries. The prediction results of the proposed method is compared with GM, Lasso regression method, EMD-ENN, and the predicted results indicate that the proposed method is efficient and can be used for the ship collision conflict prediction.
An efficient post-processing adaptive filtering technique to rectifying the flickering effects
Authors: Gandam Anudeep , Sidhu Jagroop Singh , Verma Sahil , Jhanjhi N. Z. , Nayyar Anand , Abouhawwash Mohamed , Nam Yunyoung
Published: May 2021

Compression at a very low bit rate(≤0.5bpp) causes degradation in video frames with standard decoding algorithms like H.261, H.262, H.264, and MPEG-1 and MPEG-4, which itself produces lots of artifacts. This paper focuses on an efficient pre-and post-processing technique (PP-AFT) to address and rectify the problems of quantization error, ringing, blocking artifact, and flickering effect, which significantly degrade the visual quality of video frames. The PP-AFT method differentiates the blocked images or frames using activity function into different regions and developed adaptive filters as per the classified region. The designed process also introduces an adaptive flicker extraction and removal method and a 2-D filter to remove ringing effects in edge regions. The PP-AFT technique is implemented on various videos, and results are compared with different existing techniques using performance metrics like PSNR-B, MSSIM, and GBIM. Simulation results show significant improvement in the subjective quality of different video frames. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art de-blocking methods in terms of PSNR-B with average value lying between (0.7–1.9db) while (35.83–47.7%) reduced average GBIM keeping MSSIM values very close to the original sequence statistically 0.978.
The association between the expression of nuclear Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and p53 protein expression profile in breast cancer patients
Authors: Cha Yoon Jin , Kim Dooreh , Bae Soong June , Ahn Sung Gwe , Jeong Joon , Cho Min Kyung , Paik Pill Sun , Yoo Tae-Kyung , Park Woo-Chan , Yoon Chang Ik
Published: May 2021

Background

Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a key effector molecule regulated by the Hippo pathway and described as a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer. Tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutation is well known as a biomarker related to poor survival outcomes. So far clinical characteristics and survival outcome according to YAP1 and TP53 mutation have been poorly identified in breast cancer.

Patients and methods

Retrospectively, 533 breast tumor tissues were collected at the Seoul St Mary’s hospital and Gangnam Severance Hospital from 1992 to 2017. Immunohistochemistry with YAP1 and p53 specific antibodies were performed, and the clinical data were analyzed.

Results

Mutant p53 pattern was associated with aggressive tumor features and advanced anatomical stage. Inferior overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) were related with mutant p53 pattern cases with low nuclear YAP1 expression (P= 0.0009 andP= 0.0011, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that mutant p53 pattern was an independent prognostic marker for OS [hazard ratios (HR): 2.938, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.028–8.395, P = 0.044] and RFS (HR: 1.842, 95% CIs: 1.026–3.304). However, in cases with high nuclear YAP1 expression, there were no significantly difference in OS and RFS according to p53 staining pattern.

Conclusion

We found that mutant p53 pattern is a poor prognostic biomarker in breast tumor with low nuclear YAP1 expression. Our findings suggest that interaction between nuclear YAP1 and p53 expression pattern impact survival outcomes.
Soft soled footwear has limited impact on toddler gait
Authors: Williams Cylie , Kolic Jessica , Wu Wen , Paterson Kade
Published: May 2021

The development of walking in young toddlers is an important motor milestone. Walking patterns can differ widely amongst toddlers, and are characterised by unique biomechanical strategies. This makes comparisons between newly walking toddler’s and older children’s walking difficult. Little is currently understood regarding the effects of footwear on the gait in newly walking toddlers. A quasi-experimental pre-post study design was used to assess whether spatiotemporal parameters of gait, and in-shoe foot and lower limb kinematics, differed when walking barefoot and in soft-soled footwear in newly walking toddlers. There were 18 toddlers recruited, with 14 undergoing testing. The GAITRite system collected spatial and temporal data. The Vicon camera system collected kinematic data. The testing conditions included barefoot and footwear. Footwear tested was a commercially available soft soled shoe (Bobux XPLORER). Data was extracted directly from the GAITRite system and analysed. Walking in footwear did not change spatial or temporal data, however there were small but significant decreases in hip adduction/abduction range of motion (mean difference (MD) = 1.79°, 95% CI = -3.51 to -0.07, p = 0.04), knee flexion (MD = -7.63°, 95% CI = 2.70 to 12.55, p = 0.01), and knee flexion/extension range of movement (MD = 6.25°, 95% CI = -10.49 to -2.01, p = 0.01), and an increase in subtalar joint eversion (MD = 2.85°, 95% CI = 5.29 to -0.41, p = 0.03). Effect sizes were small for hip and ankle range, peak knee extension, and subtalar joint ranges (d<0.49), medium for knee flexion/extension range (d= 0.75) and large for peak knee flexion (d= 0.87). The magnitude of kinematic changes with soft-soled footwear were small thus the clinical importance of these findings is uncertain. Future longitudinal studies are needed to develop recommendations regarding footwear for newly walking toddlers.
Dental wear patterns reveal dietary ecology and season of death in a historical chimpanzee population
Authors: Stuhlträger Julia , Schulz-Kornas Ellen , Kullmer Ottmar , Janocha Marcel M. , Wittig Roman M. , Kupczik Kornelius
Published: May 2021

Dental wear analyses have been widely used to interpret the dietary ecology in primates. However, it remains unclear to what extent a combination of wear analyses acting at distinct temporal scales can be beneficial in interpreting the tooth use of primates with a high variation in their intraspecific dietary ecology. Here, we combine macroscopic tooth wear (occlusal fingerprint analysis, long-term signals) with microscopic 3D surface textures (short-term signals) exploring the tooth use of a historical western chimpanzee population from northeastern Liberia with no detailed dietary records. We compare our results to previously published tooth wear and feeding data of the extant and continually monitored chimpanzees of Taї National Park in Ivory Coast. Macroscopic tooth wear results from molar wear facets of the Liberian population indicate only slightly less wear when compared to the Taї population. This suggests similar long-term feeding behavior between both populations. In contrast, 3D surface texture results show that Liberian chimpanzees have many and small microscopic wear facet features that group them with those Taї chimpanzees that knowingly died during dry periods. This coincides with historical accounts, which indicate that local tribes poached and butchered the Liberian specimens during dust-rich dry periods. In addition, Liberian females and males differ somewhat in their 3D surface textures, with females having more microscopic peaks, smaller hill and dale areas and slightly rougher wear facet surfaces than males. This suggests a higher consumption of insects in Liberian females compared to males, based on similar 3D surface texture patterns previously reported for Taї chimpanzees. Our study opens new options for uncovering details of feeding behaviors of chimpanzees and other living and fossil primates, with macroscopic tooth wear tracing the long-term dietary and environmental history of a single population and microscopic tooth wear addressing short-term changes (e.g. seasonality).
A EMPRESA DE BENEFÍCIOS EM FACE DO DIREITO EMPRESARIAL AMBIENTAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Fiorillo Celso Antonio Pacheco , Ferreira Renata Marques
Published: May 2021

Saudada pela mídia italiana, com anúncios entusiásticos, como uma ferramenta que quer reescrever a economia e tendo como principal objetivo permitir a difusão no ordenamento jurídico itálico de empresas que no exercício da sua atividade económica têm também como objetivo a melhoria do ambiente natural e social em que operam, as denominadas empresas de benefícios, ainda que possam representar a primeira disposição da União Europeia para regulamentar este tipo de sociedade e tornar a Itália o país líder na divulgação de sociedades de benefício comum, não revelam, salvo melhor juízo, qualquer contribuição significativa para o direito empresarial ambiental brasileiro. Assim, embora guardando em certa medida compatibilidade com os principais vetores ambientais constitucionais que estruturam todas as empresas no Brasil, conforme demonstrado no presente trabalho, e mesmo representando um interessante avanço em proveito do desenvolvimento sustentável em face do  balizamento normativo que sempre condicionou uma empresa tradicional geralmente definida para maximizar tão somente o lucro para os acionistas, as denominadas empresas de benefícios revelam objetivamente tímida contribuição normativa em face de nosso bem elaborado balizamento que condiciona todas as atividades econômicas no plano constitucional.
EL TRATAMIENTO DEL DELITO DE ODIO EN EL DERECHO PENAL ESPAÃ‘OL
Authors: Ríos Blanca Martín
Published: May 2021

El estudio de los límites entre la libertad de expresión y los delitos de odio, cometidos como manifestación de intolerancia, es un tema de gran actualidad. Este trabajo trata de aproximarse al tratamiento jurídico penal español, para lo cual se analizan diversos estudios doctrinales y se toman en consideración documentos de distintos operadores jurídicos. Además de la necesaria pertenencia del sujeto pasivo a uno de los colectivos reconocidos como vulnerables, se examinan los distintos cauces de protección ofrecidos por el Código penal español. Sin embargo, la tendencia a una aplicación extensiva del Derecho penal por encima de otras ramas del ordenamiento jurídico, y la existencia de numerosas confusiones terminológicas, generan, además de una injusta pena de banquillo, la demanda de límites y contornos claros que permitan delimitar aquellas conductas intolerables de las amparadas por la libertad de expresión.
El ilusionismo como práctica artística investigativa
Authors: Nigro Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo forma parte de una investigación doctoral en curso cuyo tema es el objeto en el ilusionismo. Las cosas que participan en la magia son los agentes materiales del engaño que complementan el protagonismo del ilusionista. La función de los objetos debe ser pensada con un análisis previo enfocado en las estrategias que el artista despliega frente a las dificultades productivas. El ilusionismo es una práctica vincular, con una sólida tradición, que se apoya en procedimientos más o menos sistematizados para elaborar actos, rutinas o juegos. Es conveniente reflexionar sobre la naturaleza de las distintas etapas de producción orientadas a lograr un fin espectacular: lo inexplicable. Los magos seleccionan sus juegos con una intuición sensible y los integran al presente con un sentido contemporáneo. A partir de la descripción de cada etapa productiva analizo qué elementos permanecen invariables, cómo se aplican o generan los modelos teóricos, qué inestabilidades sufre un juego en su desarrollo y cómo se posiciona ante una realidad teatral en constante expansión. El análisis articula la bibliografía específica y la de campos de conocimiento afines con entrevistas a ilusionistas activos. La experiencia personal en escenografía, teatro de objetos e ilusionismo se transforma en instrumento metodológico.
Sobre: Las humanidades por venir. Políticas y debates en el siglo XXI, de Sandra Contreras y José Goity (coordinadores), Rosario: Humanidades y Artes, 2020
Authors: Cámpora Magdalena
Published: May 2021

Sobre: Las humanidades por venir. Políticas y debates en el siglo XXI, de Sandra Contreras y José Goity (coordinadores), Rosario: Humanidades y Artes, 2020
Sobre: Peut-on dissocier l’œuvre de l’auteur?, de Gisèle Sapiro. París: Seuil, 2020; Dictionnaire International Bourdieu, de Gisèle Sapiro (dir.). París: CNRS, 2020.
Authors: Gerbaudo Analía
Published: May 2021

Sobre: Peut-on dissocier l’œuvre de l’auteur?, de Gisèle Sapiro. París: Seuil, 2020; Dictionnaire International Bourdieu, de Gisèle Sapiro (dir.). París: CNRS, 2020.
STRENGTHENING MATERNAL AND CHILD PROGRAM IN INDONESIA THROUGH INTEGRATED PLANNING AND BUDGETING
Authors: Jati Sutopo Patria , Sriatmi Ayun , Martini Martini , Budiyanti Rani Tiyas , Yunita Dewanti Nikie Astorina , Nandini Nurhasmadiar , Budiyono Budiyono , M Syamsulhuda B
Published: May 2021

Background: Indonesia applies decentralization policy in health sector. However, there are Health Minimum Service Standards (HMSS) that must be met at provincial and district level. In district level, there are 12 indicators that must be achieved include of maternal and child health with the coverage must be 100%. Nevertheless, there are various problems in achieving HMSS both quantity and quality aspect. This study aimed to determine the problems that were happened and determine alternative solutions in the implementation of HMSS especially in maternal and child sector.Methods: This research was done in three steps. The first step was conducted by Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with participant from many stakeholders in Central Java and Yogyakarta. This step aims to identify problems in the implementation of HMSS and develop the alternative solution. Second stage was developing the conceptual framework.Results: Based on the research, there are many problems in quantitative and qualitative aspects related to healthcare services. Program planning and budgeting is the main key to achievement HMSS. In second and third steps, an integrated planning and budgeting framework between multisector was obtained including problem identification, problem cause analysis, multisector identification, setting solutions and programs, planning and budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. So that, there were no overlapping programs, less optimal, and lack of supervision and guidance.Conclusions: Integrated planning and budgeting was alternative solution to solve the implementation problem in HMSS especially in maternal and child aspect. However, strong commitment and monitoring was needed between stakeholder.
The Continuous Pursuit of Smart Learning
Authors: Cheung Simon K. S. , Wang Fu Lee , Kwok Lam For
Published: May 2021

With an emphasis on learning flexibility, effectiveness, efficiency, engagement, adaptivity and reflectiveness, smart learning embraces a variety of concepts, including but not limited to personalised learning, adaptive learning, intelligent tutoring, open online learning, blended learning, and collaborative learning. As new concepts continue to evolve, the pursuit of smart learning is ongoing, mainly in areas pertaining to the design and implementation frameworks, pedagogical theories and practices, learners’ behaviours and learning pattern, learning and assessment strategies and evaluation of learning performance and perception. This editorial gives an overview of smart learning and provides the context on the latest development of smart learning in which the articles in this special issue are located.
Dépistage prénatal sous-optimal des infections à Chlamydia trachomatis et Neisseria gonorrhoeae dans un centre des naissances et de soins tertiaires de Montréal : une étude de cohorte rétrospective
Authors: Ivensky Victoria , Mandel Romain , Boulay Annie-Claude , Lavallée Christian , Benoît Janie , Labbé Annie-Claude
Published: May 2021

Contexte : La Société canadienne de pédiatrie ne recommande plus la prophylaxie oculaire universelle avec l’onguent d’érythromycine pour prévenir la conjonctivite néonatale. Le dépistage des infections à Chlamydia trachomatis et à Neisseria gonorrhoeae chez toutes les femmes enceintes est considéré comme le moyen le plus efficace de prévenir la transmission verticale et la conjonctivite néonatale. Objectif : Les objectifs de l’étude étaient d’évaluer les taux de dépistage prénatal des infections à C. trachomatis et à N. gonorrhoeae et de comparer les facteurs sociodémographiques entre les personnes ayant fait l’objet d’un dépistage et celles n’ayant pas fait l’objet d’un dépistage. Méthodes : La liste des femmes ayant accouché dans une maternité tertiaire de Montréal au Québec, entre avril 2015 et mars 2016, a été croisée avec la liste des résultats de dépistage. Les dossiers médicaux des mères ont été révisés pour les variables démographiques, prénatales et diagnostiques. Résultats : Sur 2 688 mères, 2 245 ont fait l’objet d’un dépistage au moins une fois, mais seulement 2 206 femmes avaient au moins un résultat valide pour C. trachomatis et N. gonorrhoeae le jour de l’accouchement (82,1 %, IC 95 % : 80,6 %–83,5 %). Une infection a été détectée chez 46 sur 2 206 femmes dépistées (2,1 %) : 42 présentaient une infection à C. trachomatis, deux avaient une infection à N. gonorrhoeae et deux étaient co-infectées. L’infection à C. trachomatis était plus fréquente chez les femmes de moins de 25 ans (9,8 %, IC 95 % : 6,7 %–13,8 %) que chez les femmes plus âgées (0,8 %, IC 95 % : 0,4 %–1,3 %, p < 0,001). Chaque augmentation de la parité diminuait la probabilité d’être testé (rapport de cote ajusté = 0,89, IC 95 % : 0,80 %–0,97 %, p = 0,01). Parmi celles dont le résultat initial était négatif, 35 sur 267 (13,1 %, IC 95 % : 9,3 %–17,8 %) femmes de moins de 25 ans et 122 sur 1 863 (6,6 %, IC 95 % : 5,5 %–7,8 %, p < 0,001) femmes âgées ont été retestées. Une infection subséquente a été détectée chez 4 femmes sur 35 (11 %), toutes dans le groupe des moins de 25 ans. Conclusion : Le taux sous-optimal de dépistage de C. trachomatis et N. gonorrhoeae suggère qu’actuellement, la prophylaxie oculaire universelle ne peut être abandonnée. La répétition du dépistage universel devrait être envisagée, en particulier chez les femmes de moins de 25 ans.
End-of-Life care: advanced care planning, euthanasia and suicide
Authors: Rosenfeld Lilia
Published: May 2021

End-of-life planning for elderly people provides a necessary condition for a respectable and decent aging and death, which meets the wishes and expectations of the elderly person. Nevertheless, decision-making in this respect is based on the values and experience of formal and informal caregivers that are often ignorant of the wishes of the elderly. Respectively, the elderly person’s wish to end life should be viewed as a call for help and distress, as the phenomenon becomes more frequent. Elderly people do not really wish to die. Rather, they fear end-of-life treatments that are performed against their wish and beyond their control in a humiliating and painful manner, and without truly offering benefit to their lives. Consequently, elderly people see death as a relief from pain and a promise for peace. Moreover, choosing death over life, provides the elderly person with a renewed sense of control. Thus, the Western society pushes the elderly person to prefer euthanasia or suicide over a life of dependence, humiliation and pain.
Pojęcie ciała. Stanowisko Johna Locke’a
Authors: Grzeliński Adam
Published: May 2021

The article reconstructs the concept of body in the philosophy of John Locke; body is understood in a twofold sense: as a part of nature and as belonging to my own unique experience. Several threads interweave in the way Locke understands body: the historical method presenting the shaping of empirical concepts within human experience, the epistemological pessimism concerning the knowledge of real essences, and philosophical explication of religious truths which allows Locke to give his own interpretation of resurrection: the resurrection of bodies but not of souls, if they are to be understood as a substance independent from body. The analyses carried out on various planes: psychological description of human experience, natural philosophy, metaphysics and the philosophy of religion reveal the extent to which Locke’s philosophy is rooted in Cartesianism and shows how his empiricism overcomes it.
John Locke at the Polish Brothers school
Authors: Obirek Stanisław
Published: May 2021

The goal of this article is to show the influence of Polish Brothers on the British philosopher John Locke. As an example, it will be point out the influence of Polish Brothers on the very influential text of Locke’s A Letter Concerning Toleration and other writings of this philosopher. Only in recent years it was accepted that Locke borrowed the concepts like tolerance and rationality of religious beliefs from Polish Brothers.
Enlightenment philosophy and scepticism
Authors: Sztajer Sławomir
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the role of scepticism in the Enlightenment. For many historians of philosophy, Enlightenment was a hiatus in the history of scepticism. Ideas often attributed to the Enlightenment, such as the cult of reason, optimism and the belief in progress, seem to be contrary to scepticism. I argue that this simplistic view of the Enlightenment is far from reality. The Enlightenment not only brought forth such great followers of scepticism as Hume, but also influenced other thinkers in many different ways. The influence of scepticism is not always clearly visible in the philosophical works of that time. Moreover, few philosophers would describe themselves as sceptics. Nevertheless, if one considers different ways in which scepticism influenced Enlightenment philosophy, it becomes apparent that the assertion that scepticism was allegedly absent in the Enlightenment is untenable.
On the Way to Empire?
Authors: Engels David
Published: May 2021

The parallels between the crisis of the modern West and the fall of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC are staggering: mass immigration, shrinking demography, decline of the family, erosion of the traditional religion, globalisation, social polarisation, a culture of bread and circuses, debt crisis, technocracy, asymmetrical wars, populism, etc. The present paper tries to summarise these analogies and reflects on the possibility of seing the West suffer similar events than those affecting the late Republic: civil unrest, rise of charismatic individuals, instauration of an authoritarian State.
Matthew Tindal i redukcja chrześcijaństwa do religii naturalnej
Authors: Szwed Antoni
Published: May 2021

In his Christianity as Old as the Creation Matthew Tindal has reduced Christian religion to the natural religion. His reduction was the last stage of purification of Protestant religion from its supernatural elements. This whole process was taking place in England between 1534 and 1730. The main conclusion of this English deist sounded: the revealed religion was the only repetition of the eternal natural religion, based on the law of nature and human reason. Simultaneously he claimed that any Christian proprium (specific Christian content) did not exist in relation to any other non Christian religion. In this article I put this problem through critical assesment, making analysis of Tindal’s argumentation and confronting it with (to some degree) Thomas Becconsall views, expressed in his The Grounds and Foundation of Natural Religion. In contrast to Becconsall Tindal understands the nature of man in another way. This latter rejects the opinion that human nature was burdened with certain moral ineffectuality. According to it human being is more prone to misdeeds than to good deeds. In Christian religion it was possible to explain by the original sin and its hereditary effects in the history of mankind. Matthew Tindal rejects this Christian dogma. In reality he understands man’s existence in the state of pure nature and with reason acting without limitations. It corresponds to the situation of man before the Fall into the original sin. But Tindal is not any atheist. He is convinced of God’s existence as the Creator of the world and people. The reason of human beings participates in the light of Divine Wisdom. Thus cognition of God and human moral duties are possible (in practice) by intellectual effort directed to the sensible creatures only. This kind of rational investigation is characteristic for methaphysical cognition. In fact, there is small step from deism to atheism. English Enlightenment, based on the enlightened reason, was initially deistic character, afterwards on the Continent (especially in France) it quickly assumed atheistic form. In considerable degree it was possible owing to English deists like Matthew Tindal. They draw the ultimate conclusion from the plurality of Protestant denominations.
Wstęp
Authors: Michałowska Marianna , Zydorowicz Jacek
Published: May 2021

Wstęp
Petera L. Bergera przejście od teorii sekularyzacji do teorii desekularyzacji
Authors: Mariański Janusz
Published: May 2021

In this paper I present the evolution of views of the american sociologist Peter L. Berger which is a transition from the theory of secularization into the theory of desecularization. He was one of the major representatives of the secualrization paradigm and since the 1990’s he became the creator and adherent of the desecularization paradigm. Desecularization means a persistent and strong presence of religion in the modern world or as a social process it is a reverse version of secularization. According to Berger contemporary sociology of religion should take care of research on the forces affecting mutually secularization and desecularization because “antisecularism is a phenomenon just as important in the modern world as secuarlization.” Berger until the end of 1970’s did focus on the analysis of the secularization processes and later on he commited his research to the issue if desecularization processes.
Wizerunek masonerii jako organizacji satanistycznej na przykładzie publikacji Feliksy Eger
Authors: Rosiak Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

In my paper I’m analysing an image of freemasonry in works of Feliksa Eger who wrote on this subject in XIX century. This paper is a an input to increase knowledge about an image of freemasonry and also about a phenomena of anti-masonry, understood as a world view choice, in which masonry becomes a source of all the evil on the world.The aim of research was finding an answer on a question if it is possible to find in Feliksa Eger’s publications an influence of confabulations of Léo Taxil, creator of satanistic black legend of freemasonry. Analysis of Feliksa Eger’s publications, using such scientific methods as content analysis and image analysis proves that in her writings there were used motives described by Taxil. Additionally comparative analysis of texts also pays attention to an evolution of freemasonry image from rather negative image of freemasons as national enemies (category connected with a church’s doctrine) to a very negative pop-cultural image in which freemasons are understood as a power of New World Order, category formed by Léo Taxil’s publications. At the beginning the author presents masonry only as an organization endeavouring to take over the world and destroy Christianity. But in her last publication she describes freemasons as a Satanic sect ruled by Albert Pike. Satanic image of freemasonry visible in Eger’s works pays attention to the fact, how fast the myths created by Taxil were taken by other authors, copied and distributed by them.
Global well-posedness of the full compressible Hall-MHD equations
Authors: Tao Qiang , Zhu Canze
Published: May 2021

This paper deals with a Cauchy problem of the full compressible Hall-magnetohydrodynamic flows. We establish the existence and uniqueness of global solution, provided that the initial energy is suitably small but the initial temperature allows large oscillations. In addition, the large time behavior of the global solution is obtained.
El «efecto ventrilocuo» en las agencias internacionales de noticias. Revisión teórica e incidencia en las nuevas formas de desinformación
Authors: Civila Sabina , Castillo-Abdul Bárbara , Romero-Rodríguez Luis Miguel
Published: May 2021

Esta investigación reflexiona, desde una perspectiva teórica, cómo a través de las agencias de noticias se difunden la mayoría de los acontecimientos internacionales que llegan al resto de los medios de comunicación, provocando el conocido «efecto ventrílocuo»: múltiples medios, una sola voz; y se indaga sobre cómo las plataformas onlinehan fomentado este fenómeno, provocando un aumento estructural de la desinformación. En este sentido, la investigación tiene por objetivo conocer el desarrollo del «efecto ventrílocuo» con el progreso de los «nuevos medios»y como consecuencia, el aumento de la desinformación. Para este análisis documental de teoría fundamentada, el procedimiento metodológico se ha basado en la revisión bibliográfica de la literatura en las bases de datos internacionales de referencia (WoSy Scopus), realizando un análisis de estudios primarios, con el fin de sintetizar la información. Los resultados indican, entre otras cuestiones, que las redes sociales fomentan espacios de desinformación estructural en el ecosistema actual. En conclusión, se determina la relación entre el «efecto ventrílocuo» y la desinformación, que surge como consecuencia de la reticularidad y descentralización informativo-digital.
Los medios de comunicación españoles en tiempos de pandemia: generación de noticias en redes sociales durante la COVID-19
Authors: Arrufat Martín Sandro
Published: May 2021

La presente investigación presenta un estudio cuantitativo de la información difundida por los principales medios de comunicación españoles en sus perfiles de redes sociales durante la etapa de inicio de la pandemia en España hasta la conclusión del primer Estado de alarma decretado por el Gobierno español, analizando sus principales ratios. En este sentido, los resultados expuestos evidencian el grado de interés por parte de los ciudadanos en la información relativa a la COVID-19 durante el marco temporal establecido y en qué canales sociales han tenido mayor interacción y aceptación estos mensajes, siendo Instagram la red social con mejor aceptación para mensajes de carácter social. Asimismo, la investigación ha posibilitado obtener datos precisos sobre qué redes sociales responden mejor dependiendo el tipo de mensajes y contenidos difundidos. Además, el diseño metodológico de la investigación ha propiciado obtener resultados acerca de otros temas sociales de interés y actualidad que no guardan relación con la pandemia y que los medios de comunicación también generaban en su discurso durante los meses establecidos.
Fabrication and comparative evaluation of regenerated cellulose films using pulp fines and pith from corn stalk in DMAc/LiCl solvent system
Authors: Zhang Heng , Tang Xiaoning , Gao Xin , Chen Keli
Published: May 2021

Cellulose of corn stalk pulp fines and stalk pith were dissolved in an ionic liquid solvent system (DMAc/LiCl) and then regenerated to form films. The mechanical properties and Tmax of pulp fines/regenerated cellulose (RC) films were higher than that of the corresponding films from stalk pith. As the ratio of small particles was high in the pulp fines, the elongation at breakage of their RC films also increased to 12.9%. Thus, pulp fines were suitable for prepared regenerated cellulosic materials.
Comparison of physical-mechanical and mould-proof properties of furfurylated and DMDHEU-modified wood
Authors: Li Wanju , Chen Lifang , Li Xingwei
Published: May 2021

In this study, 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and furfuryl alcohol (FA) modification catalyzed by acrylic acid were comparatively studied. The effects on physical-mechanical properties and durability against mould of Masson pine and Camphor pine wood were investigated, including weight gain rate (WPG), moisture uptake, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), parallel-to-grain compressive strength (CS), modulus of rupture (MOR), and mould resistance. The wood samples modified with DMDHEU closely retained their original color and texture, whereas the color of furfurylated wood became dark brown and the texture became clearer. The WPG of DMDHEU-treated wood ranged from 17.9% to 29.3%, which was lower than that of furfurylated wood that ranged from 36.7% to 39.3%. The equilibrium moisture content of DMDHEU-modified wood was slightly higher than the untreated wood, while furfurylation decreased the EMC of wood by approximately 50% compared with the untreated wood. The dimensional stability, parallel-to-grain compressive strength, and mildew resistance of Masson pine and Camphor pine improved after both modifications noticeably. It was concluded that acrylic acid can be utilized as a catalyst to perform wood furfurylation and DMDHEU modification.
Tendencias de los esquemas europeos de salarios mínimos
Authors: Sánchez-Vellvé Francisco J.
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se analizan las características de los sistemas de fijación de salarios mínimos de los Estados miembros de la UE y cuáles son las tendencias registradas en los últimos años. A partir de las dimensiones fundamentales de los sistemas de salarios mínimos se realiza un análisis de correspondencias múltiple (ACM) que permite conocer el posicionamiento relativo de los Estados Miembros respecto a las mismas, constatar las diferencias existentes entre los sistemas vigentes, así como vislumbrar las características más compartidas sobre las que podría establecerse un esquema europeo de salarios mínimos. Para completar el análisis se reflexiona sobre un esquema explicativo de las fuerzas directrices que influyen en la orientación que el salario mínimo tiene en cada uno de los Estados miembros y así comprender algunas de las dificultades existentes para la consolidación de un único esquema de salarios mínimos para la Unión Europea.