bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and estimation of evapotranspiration using remote sensing and GIS technologies in some areas of southern Iraq
Authors: Nedawi Dakhil. R. , Al-Draji Forqan Kh.
Published: September 2022

A study was conducted in southern Iraq. The study area was 16485.4418 km2 with the administrative boundaries of Basrah (North region) and Dhi-Qar (south region) Governorates. The aim of this study to design a digital model for estimating evapotranspiration values (mm) using remote sensing data and geographic information systems and comparing the results with the actual values calculated from four climatic stations distributed within the study area. As well as to study January and July from each year for a four-years chronology. The results showed that there is a highly significant correlation (r = 0.923**) between the calculated and actual values, and this proves the accuracy of the proposed model in estimating the values of evapotranspiration. The results also showed that there is a rise in the values of evapotranspiration in the month of July compared to the month of January of each year due to the high temperatures and the angle of incidence of the sun’s rays, which is almost vertical in the month of July. The results also showed that the study area varies in the values of evapotranspiration according to the different vegetation cover, as the values decrease with the increase of vegetation cover and Vice versa. As well as the effect of the values of evapotranspiration by rising for limited areas in the areas of electric power plants and oil fields, and this gives evidence of large quantities of thermal and radioactive emissions in the areas. The results also showed that there is a inconsistency between the values of evapotranspiration and the areas covered, which were divided into four categories for each scene, and that the values of these categories differ according to the types of land cover.
Skrining Fitokimia dari Ekstrak Metanol Akar Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.)
Authors: Basri Insyira Fadliana , Mohamad Fihrina , Slamet Nangsih Sulastri , Imran Arlan K. , Daud Rizka Puji Astuti , Yunus Fitriah Ayu Magfirah , Wicita Prisca Safriani , Basri Rakhmadhana Fitraeni
Published: September 2022

Tanaman kelor tumbuh di daerah tropis dan telah dikenal oleh masyarakat sebagai sayur dan berkhasiat sebagai obat tradisional. Sangat jarang ditemukan penelitian yang mengidentifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder pada bagian akar kelor. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam akar kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) yang berasal dari Desa Talulobutu, Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan reagen Mayer dan reagen Dragendorff untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa alkaloid, reagen NaOH 4% untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa tanin, reagen Pb(C2H3O2)2 10% untuk megidentifikasi senyawa flavonoid, dan uji buih menggunakan aquadest panas untuk megidentifikasi senyawa saponin.
Formulation and Analysis of Nutrients, Antioxidants and Phytonutrients in Millet Barfi Using Finger and Barnyard Millets Incorporated With (Cardiospermum Halicacabum and Ocimum Tenuiflorum)
Authors: Ganesan Ayyappadasan , Subbiayan Rubavathi , M Ilakiya
Published: September 2022

Barfi has a high nutritional value such as calcium and proteins with higher biological value. It also provides almost all necessary essential oils to maintain good health. In this study, Barfi was prepared with calcium rich millets and antioxidant-rich medicinal plants in different concentrations. The millets such as Eleusine coracana and Echinochloa esculenta was used to prepare barfi. Eleusine coracana is the ragi in Indian region which contains a high amount of calcium, a protein with well-balanced essential amino acid composition along with Vitamin A, Vitamin B and phosphorous. Echinochloa esculenta is a Japanese millet with good source of highly digestible protein and the least caloric dense compared to all other cereals. The herbals used in this study to enhance the millet barfi was Cardiospermum halicacabum and Ocimum tenuiflorum. The phytochemical and the antioxidant activity of the herbal extracts were performed before inducing them into the barfi. The formulation of the millet barfi was done in the manmade traditional technique. The nutritional tests in terms of fat, protein, and the physiochemical properties such as pH, moisture content of the barfi were also analyzed. The shelf life of the millet barfi enhanced with plant extracts was analyzed through microbial analysis. These parameters were tested in the storage interval of 0, 5, and 10 days which was stored at the refrigerator. The study aims to prepare the calcium-rich unpolished millet barfi enhanced with herbs.

Keywords: Millet Barfi, Eleusine coracana, Echinochloa esculenta, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Antioxidant, Physiochemical
Nutritional Value of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Cultivated in the Northern Part of Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Hasi Rani , Lutfunnahar Most. , Sana Manoshi
Published: September 2022

Two varieties of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) were used for the nutritional analysis. Water soluble protein contents of Red sweet potato were higher than that of White potato. In the case of starch, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugars of Red sweet potatoes were also higher than that of White sweet potatoes. The comparative amounts of minerals present in sweet potatoes were also studied. The calcium content of Red sweet potato was higher than that of White sweet potato. But potassium, Manganese, and Iron were slightly higher than that of Red sweet potatoes. The sweet potato was also a good source of Zinc, Lead, and Arsenic. The aim of the study comprises the determination of the nutritive value of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas).

Keywords: sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, cancer, inflammatory disease, macronutrients.
Beneficial Role of Vitamin D Supplementation on Thyroid Hormone Levels among T2DM Patients with Thyroid Disorders: Statistical Evaluation
Authors: Alemam Hafsa A. , Omar Abdounasser Albasher , M. Alfaid Mofida
Published: September 2022

Thyroid function is impaired by diabetes, resulting into thyroid disorders, accompanied by the alteration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation on TSH and total T4 levels in serum of Libyan patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with thyroid disorders. A total of 180 subjects were recruited and distributed into two groups: 80 participants in control group (43 females and 37 males), with an age range of 26-72 years, and 100 participants in T2DM patient group (54 females and 46 males), with an age range of 26-63 years. Each T2DM patient received a monthly intramuscular injection of 200000 ng/ml vitamin D for three months. Glucose, vitamin D, total T4 and TSH levels were determined in serum samples of healthy subjects and of T2DM patients (pre- and post-administration of vitamin D). After the T2DM group received vitamin D supplementation, the mean of vitamin D level increased in the T2DM, while the mean of glucose level decreased. Most importantly, the mean of total T4 level for patients increased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) from 1.34 to 8.23 mg/dL, both of which were lower than the control group mean 10.99 mg/dL. In contrast, the mean of TSH level for patients decreased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) from 11.77 to 2.71 mU/L, and both values were greater than the control group mean 2.01 mU/L. ANOVA results showed that age, gender, and body mass index had no significant individual interactions (p > 0.05) with vitamin D supplementation on total T4 and TSH levels. Vitamin D supplementation had a beneficial role on total T4 and TSH levels in serum of Libyan T2DM patients with thyroid disorders.

Keywords: T2DM, thyroid disorder, total T4, TSH, vitamin D supplementation, ANOVA, t test.
Hypertension Frequency, Risk Factors and Therapeutic Dimensions in Primitive and Urban Areas
Authors: Firdous Misbah , Rafique Ejaz , Khan Abdul Hamid , Zahid Ahsan , Bashir Uzma , Ahmed Zulfiqar
Published: September 2022

More than a quarter of all clinical direness/crises were hypertensive emergencies (76 percent urgencies, 24 percent crises). Hypertensive urgencies are frequently associated with migraine (22%), epistaxis (17%), faintness, and motor coordination discord (10%), while hypertensive crises are frequently associated with chest pain (27%), dyspnea (22%), and neurological deficit (22%). (21percent ). This study employed a cross-sectional design to look for differences in hypertension patients and related risk factors among Pakistan's rural and urban populations. Adult respondents experience 12 percent, 30 percent, 10%, and 9 percent of related illnesses, while female patients reported 20 percent, 22 percent, 9 percent, 17 percent, 31 percent, and 13 percent for DM, Cardiovascular Disease, Renal Disease, The certain Previous Surgical intervention, Hormonal changes, and hypertension in pregnancy, respectively. True hypotheses are related to research. All medical professionals, particularly doctors, should inform their patients about these risk factors and assist them in adopting lifestyle adjustments.
KÖPEKLERDE DÜŞÜK YOĞUNLUKLU LAZER TEDAVİSİNİN ETKİNLİĞİ
Authors: ALTINKAYA Neyran
Published: September 2022

Fotobiyomodülasyon tedavisi olarak bilinen düşük yoğunluklu lazer tedavisi (Low Level Laser Therapy-LLLT), mitokondriyal solunum zincirini uyarır ve hücresel adenozin trifosfat veya siklik adenozin monofosfat seviyelerinde değişikliklere neden olur. Lazerler güçlerine, maksimum maruz kalma miktarına ve dalga boylarına göre sınıflandırılır. Dokuyu tedavi etmek için gereken doz; dalga boyuna, güç yoğunluğuna, doku tipine, dokunun durumuna, pigmentasyona, hedef dokunun derinliğine ve tedavi tekniğine bağlıdır. Lazerler, hem insan hem de veteriner rehabilitasyonunda yararlı bir tedavidir. Lazerin kıkırdak özelliklerinin koruduğunu, periferik sinir yaralanmalarında düzelmeye yardımcı olduğunu ve osteoartritli köpeklerde ağrı yönetimine katkı sağladığını gösteren çalışmalar veteriner rehabilitasyonunda kullanımları için umut vericidir.
`POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH ISLAMIC CHARITY AND PHILANTHROPY
Authors:   Department of Sociology, University of Wah Rawalpindi Pakistan, Sheikh Jamil Ahmed , Farooq Hafiz Shuaib ,   Department of Islamic and Pakistan Studies University of Wah Rawalpindi Pakistan, Haider Samreen ,   Department of Islamic and Pakistan Studies University of Wah Rawalpindi Pakistan
Published: September 2022

Poverty is an economic condition referring to the unavailability of basic necessities for the survival of human beings. It includes food, health, education, shelter, etc. to reduce Poverty is a long and difficult process. It is designed to decrease the economic deficiency level of groups, communities, regions, or countries. About 29% of the population lives under poverty rate in Pakistan. The government of Pakistan took loans from the World Bank, IMF, and other monitoring organizations to reduce poverty and provide job opportunities for the poor for the uplift of marginalized groups or communities. However, it does not work; the major reason is the corrupt system that does not deliver said services to poor people. Whereas Islam has the capacity to reduce poverty through Islamic philanthropy, which is a basic element in Islamic teaching. Philanthropy is effective because it is given to the poor without any personal liking or disliking, without even involving others or even identifying those groups and communities. Zakat is one of the types of Islamic philanthropy that contains "divine and moral" significance. It is an injunction from Allah Almighty that those, who pay the zakat are considering trade with Allah (SWT), and it has moral and humanitarian significance that an individual who pays zakat will reduce poverty and empathy with the poor. Keywords: Poverty, Socio-economic Condition, Islamic System, poverty reduction, Philanthropy
CLIMATE CHANGE IN RELATION TO FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY AND WOMEN SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS; REFLECTIONS ON THE UNEXPLORED LINK
Authors:   Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan, Arshad Wasia , Badshah Ikram ,   Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan, Raheem Abdul ,   Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
Published: September 2022

The present study explores the status of women occupy the state of “poorest of the poor”; often denied access to land, credit and other fundamental rights. The study employs qualitative research methods of in-depth, one to one interview. The sample distributed in 2 age groups, i.e. 11 women aged 40 to 60 and 11 women of 25 to 35 were taken to examine the trends of climate change. The results demonstrate that climate change is negatively affecting the livelihood of people, especially rural women. The study concludes that climate change is making women more vulnerable to poverty and increasing their dependency on men and proves that the effects of climatic extremes lead to women’s further subordination and marginalization. Although this research analyses the effects of climate change on women, there is a dire need to mitigate these effects in the preparedness phase of disaster management so that women's increasing vulnerability can be controlled. Keywords: Climate Change, Feminization of Poverty, Female Labor-Force Participation, Female Poverty, Economic Development,
Mulheres: vivências e histórias que o lattes não conta
Authors: Rosa Emiliana Faria
Published: September 2022

“Mulheres: Vivências e histórias que o Lattes não conta” é um livro de liberdade, um livro livre de julgamentos. É um livro sobre acolhimento. Acolhimento de pessoas, de momentos e histórias. Histórias que guardamos sempre, mas que precisamos contar. Pinçamos aqui uma história de cada uma, mas somos formadas por muitas e muitas histórias.
Sengketa Hak Asuh Anak Korban Perceraian: Penyelesaian dan Sanksi Kelalaian Perspektif Hukum Adat Dayak Ngaju
Authors: Andra Saputra  , Thea Farina  , Putri Fransiska
Published: September 2022

Hak asuh sering menjadi sengketa dalam kasus perceraian. Penyelesaian sengketa hak asuh dapat diselesaikan secara Hukum Adat Dayak Ngaju. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa hak asuh anak dibawah umur akibat perceraian dalam Hukum Adat Dayak Ngaju dan bagaimana bentuk sanksi terhadap suami-isteri yang telah melalaikan kewajiban hak asuh anak menurut hukum adat Dayak Ngaju. Metode penelitian ini ialah penelitian hukum empiris. Instrumen penelitian meliputi studi pustaka, observasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penyelesaian sengketahak asuh anak  dilakukan dengan pertimbangan masa depan anak dan kesepakatan kedua belah pihak untuk memberikan hak asuh kepada pihak ibu. Segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan sanksi yang dimana apabila salah satu kedua belah pihak melalaikan kewajibannya dalam mengasuh anak, tergantung dari apakah sudah tercantum didalam Perjanjian Adat Nikah nya, dan juga jika tidak ada maka akan merekomendasikan dan melimpahkannya ke pihak Pengadilan dengan tembusan surat putusan adat pihak yang bersangkutan
Sarang Burung Walet dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah: Regulasi Izin Pengelolaan dan Pengusahaan
Authors: Pratiwi Putri Fransiska Purnama , Ali Nuraliah
Published: September 2022

Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Barito  Timur Nomor 4 Tahun 2013 Pasal 6 menegaskan akan Kewajiban memiliki Izin  untuk Pengelolaan dan Pengusahaan Sarang Burung Walet. Tetapi realita di lapangan ketentuan tersebut belum dapat dilaksanakan secara maksimal. Selama ini belum ada yang mendaftarkan Izin Pengelolaan dan Pengusahaan Sarang  Burung walet di Kabupaten Barito Timur dan yang dapat dilaksanakan hanya ketentuan Izin Mendirikan Bangunan. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Yuridis Empiris yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab dan kendala belum maksimalnya implementasi ketentuan  Izin  untuk Pengelolaan dan Pengusahaan Sarang Burung Walet di Barito Timur. Pesan penting dalam kajian ini bahwa yang menjadi kendala implementasi Izin Pengelolaan dan Pengusahaan Sarang Burung Walet berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 6 Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Barito Timur Nomor 4 Tahun 2013 belum dapat dilaksanakan secara maksimal karena  belum dibentuknya Tim Terpadu, belum adanya Peraturan Bupati, kurangnya sosialisasi, tidak dilakukannya penegakan hukum dan kurangnya kesadaran dari  masyarakat yang melakukan pengelolaan dan pengusahaan sarang burung walet. Implikasi akibat dari terus meningkatnya kegiatan pengelolaan dan pengusahaan  sarang burung walet yang tidak memiliki izin adalah bahwa Pemerintah Daerah tidak dapat melakukan pungutan pajak sehingga pemerintah daerah mengalami kerugian pendapatan.
Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana Melalui Mediasi Di Polsek Kahayan Tengah Kecamatan Kahayan Tengah Kabupaten Pulang Pisau
Authors: Citranu
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang penyelesaian perkara pidana melalui mediasi sebagai wujud penerapan prinsip keadilan restorative. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui klasifikasi perkara pidana yang dapat diselesaikan melalui mediasi dan mengetahui bagaimana prosedur penerapan prinsip keadilan restorative oleh Polsek Kahayan Tengah Kabupaten Pulang Pisau. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran bahwa tidak semua perkara pidana dapat dilakukan mediasi dan diterapkan keadilan restoraive melainkan hanya perkara pidana yang ancamannya dibawah 5 tahun, delik aduan, delik anak dan pelanggaran serta pertimbangan sosial yang mempengaruhinya. Sedangkan pertimbangan pelaksanaan prosedur mediasi dan penerapan keadilan restorative dilakukan dengan cara gelar perkara, dan selanjutnya apabila telah memenuhi syarat perundang-undangan maka keadilan restorative dapat dilaksanakan.
Pendaftaran Merek Dagang: Pelaksanaan dan Hambatan Bagi Pelaku Usaha pada KemenkumHAM
Authors: Jalianery Joanita , Hayati Mulida , Toteles Aris , Nuurani Puja Gusta
Published: September 2022

Banyak pelaku usaha di Kota Palangka Raya yang sudah memiliki merek terdaftar, namun belum disahkan, karena beberapa kendala salah satunya adalah nama produk yang terlalu umum. Tujuan Penelitian ialah untuk mengkaji Apa saja batasan-batasan merek yang harus disetujui oleh Kementerian Hukum dan HAM, dan bagaimana dunia usaha mendapatkan perlindungan atas merek usahanya. Metode penelitian adalah metode penelitian hukum empiris. Hasil penelitian adalah batasan merek yang dapat didaftarkan yaitu merek tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan ideologi negara dan peraturan perundang-undangan; tidak sama dengan, berkaitan dengan, atau hanya menyebutkan barang dan/atau jasa yang dimintakan pendaftarannya; tidak mengandung unsur yang dapat menyesatkan masyarakat mengenai asal, mutu, jenis, ukuran, jenis, tujuan penggunaan barang dan/atau jasa yang dimohonkan pendaftarannya atau merupakan nama suatu varietas tumbuhan yang dilindungi untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis. jasa; tidak memuat informasi yang tidak sesuai dengan kualitas, manfaat, atau khasiat barang dan/atau jasa yang dihasilkan; Memiliki daya pembeda; Merupakan nama umum dan/atau lambang milik umum. Upaya yang dilakukan dalam mengatasi hambatan pendaftaran merek dan pelayanan bagi pelaku usaha adalah memberikan bantuan konsultasi dan pelayanan pendaftaran merek di kantor Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia serta melakukan sosialisasi kepada kelompok masyarakat melalui seminar dan pelatihan, sehingga masyarakat dapat melakukan pendaftaran pribadi atas mereknya sendiri
Hazim Alhiti's Method for Local Burn Treatment
Authors: Alhiti Hazim Abdul Rahman
Published: September 2022

In July 2017, an Iraqi teenager girl suffered an acute burn on her right foot. She was in distress, in severe pain, with all stages of the burn. After the girl/her family's consent, I gave analgesia; utilized a mixed solution of olive oil and honey; dressed the burn; washed the oil mixture after one hour; encouraged the girl to walk with analgesi; ordered nutritional support; advised her to lift her burnt foot during rest. Two weeks later, this girl had an itching, so I applied cactus oil twice daily. After four weeks, the girl walked better, and the burn healed.
Prevalence of Hyponatremia in Patients Presenting with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Haroon , Nadeem Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad , Hussain Shabir , Yousaf Samia , , Iqbal Komal , Syed Imran Ali
Published: September 2022

Background: A liver illness that worsens over time and affects the liver's ability to function is known as chronic liver disease. Hyponatremia has been linked to higher rates of morbidity and death in cirrhotic patients Objective: To assess the prevalence of Hyponatremia in patients presenting with Chronic Liver Disease Methodology: The current study was cross-sectional, carried out at the department of medicine, Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera for duration of one year from July 2021 to July 2022. Blood samples of 5ml were taken from all the enrolled patients and sent to the hospital diagnostic laboratory for the examination of sodium level. All the data including demographic details were recorded on a pre-designed Performa. All the data analysis was done by using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: In the current study, the average (SD) level of sodium was 141.96 (11.22) mmol/L. The overall frequency of Hyponatremia was 73 (34.76%) in chronic liver disease patients. Based on the severity of hyponatremia, mild, moderate and severe hyponatremia was observed in 105 (50%), 101 (48.10%) and 4 (1.90%) respectively. Hyponatremia was observed in 18 (23.68%) patients of Child-Pugh class A, in 23 (39.66%) in Child-Pugh class B while hyponatremia was observed in 28 (36.84%) patients of Child-Pugh class C (p˃0.05). Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of hyponatremia in patients of chronic liver disease was high Keywords: Prevalence; Hyponatremia; Chronic Liver Disease
Prevalence of Renal Pathologies in Fetuses Detected on Ultrasound in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy in Females with Oligohydramnios
Authors: Chaudhry Ghulam Maryam , Uzair Muhammad , Noor Ghazal , Raza Drosham , Tayyaba Seerat , Niazi Usama , Farooq Syed Muhammad Yousaf
Published: September 2022

Background: Common fetal renal abnormalities due to oligohydramnios are deficiency in the renal tissue congenitally, obstruction in the flow of urine, and reduced perfusion of renal tissue can also cause pathologies. Oligohydramnios is responsible for causing various serious fetal complications. Due to this reason, ultrasound screening in the second trimester of pregnancy is a common practice to rule out these complications. Objective: Assessment of fetal renal pathologies on ultrasound in the second trimester of pregnancy in patients with oligohydramnios Methodology: The current study is a descriptive study that was conducted in Gilani Ultrasound Centre, Ferozpur Road, Lahore from August 12, 2021, to December 14, 2021. The duration of the study was four months. A total of 149 participants were considered as a sample in the study. All the participants were in their second trimester of pregnancy and all of them were detected with oligohydramnios. According to the exclusion criteria, the patients with already present renal pathology were excluded from the study. Transabdominal ultrasound was done in all the patients with a 2-5MHz concave probe. The parameters considered for the assessment of the outcomes were gestational age (GA), estimated fetal weight (EFW), amniotic fluid index (AFI), umbilical artery Systolic/Diastolic (S/D) ratio, and findings of the fetal renal system on ultrasound. Results: A total of 149 patients in the second trimester of pregnancy, having oligohydramnios, underwent transabdominal ultrasound. 123 (82.55%) patients were not found with any fetal renal abnormalities. The remaining 26 (17.45%) had different renal pathologies such as hydronephrosis in 9 (6.04%) and infantile polycystic kidneys (PKD) in 17 (11.41%). Conclusion: The present study suggests that most of the patients with oligohydramnios had normal fetuses. Only 17.4% were detected with fetuses with renal pathologies. The most common abnormality seen was PKD and then hydronephrosis. Keywords: Second Trimester, Oligohydramnios, Infantile Polycystic Kidneys, Hydronephrosis
The Impression of Blood Droplets on Solid Surface and its Evaluation with Bloodstain Pattern Analysis, A Cross Section Forensic Study
Authors: Khokhar Javed Iqbal , Rana Salman Pervaiz , Soomro Tufail Ahmed , Nadir Sadaf , Ali Muhammad Ikram , Rana Mohsana Urooj
Published: September 2022

Task: The aims and objectives of current study were to identify the values of bloodstain pattern analysis for blood droplets on solid surface in forensic sciences. Methodology: Study design: Present study was conducted in different medical institutions of Lahore from November 2021to March 2022. Crime scene (Blood droplets on solid surface): In current study for research purpose few blood droplets of 2 individuals were dropped on different solid surfaces and consider it as crime scene. Sample collection: In this study total 10 blood samples were collected from different individuals for cross match with the droplets of blood sample collected from solid surfaces. 2, individuals how dropped their blood droplets on solid surfaces were also included in total participants of present study. Blood droplets from solid surfaces were collected with the help of cotton swab techniques. DNA analysis: With the application of Polymerase chain reaction such analysis performed and DNA released from the cell by extraction and measured the amount of genetic material than amplified its copies and separated these amplified copies from each other. The qualitatively and quantitatively comparing of DNA evidence samples are referred as DNA profiles and checking the technical correctness of analyst reports was its quality assurance.
Pharmacy Education: Upgradation and Clinical Rotation to Produce Quality Professionals in Pakistan
Authors: Ujjan Ikram Din , Shah Syed Zulfiquar Ali , Karim Imran , Shaikh Muhammad Kashif , Lashari Naveed Aslam , Arain Iqra Batool
Published: September 2022

Pharmacy is an expanding profession with new and expanded duties for pharmacists. Pharmacology training should adjust to local and global trends to graduate quality pharmacists1. The five years of basic pharmacy education is inadequate for excellent quality of treatment, which might impair patients' health. Several nations, including the USA, have expanded basic pharmacology training to 6 years and established Pharm D as entrance level for any area of practice2. Countries that have implemented postgraduate training produce practice-ready pharmacists in varied sectors, depending on specialty and local requirements. Regional pharmacy authorities supply a large number of institutional rotation locations for pharmacy students, whereas hospital rotations have become a career necessity3. This rotation aims to provide students experience as pharmacists in a multidisciplinary context. The rotation's goals and activities include comprehending patients' drug-related requirements, pharmacists' regulatory, ethical, and professional duties, and medication distribution4. This clinical rotation offered a number of issues for institutions, especially in offering possibilities for students to engage in the pharmacist's job. Students should perform a set of specific clinical activities for which they are educated in hands-on workshops, followed by observation by a clinician or physician. Students do activities under indirect supervision after skill assessment. This technique lets students participate in direct medical care and help specific patients.5The duration of the rotation is inadequate for skill development, thus students must do duties under indirectly supervision of the institution's physician to begin hospital pharmacy practice.
Comparison of Routine Physiotherapy with and without Thoracic Mobility Exercises in patients with Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Mubashra Hafiza , Akhtar Moeen , Asif Khizra , Sahar Hafiza Mubeen , Ashraf Muhammad , Latif Waqas
Published: September 2022

Background: Cervical pain is a perception anywhere in the posterior region of the cervical spine. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of routine physical therapy with and without thoracic mobility exercises in the treatment of chronic neck pain patients. Study Design: Randomized control trail. Methodology: Total of 81 participants having chronic neck were selected with age ranging from 25 to 53 years. NDI and VAS Performa’s were filled according to study protocol. Patients were divided into two groups A (n=41) and B (n=40) and after every four session’s, questionnaires’ were filled and total 12 sessions will be given to each patients. NDI scale and VAS were used as data collection tool. Analysis of data was done by SPSS v.26. Shapiro-Wilk test was applied. Results: Group A consist of n=41, 50.62% of total data and Group B consist of n=40, 49.38% of data as well. In Group-A, minimum age was observed 25 years and 55 years was the maximum age that accounted similarly 20 years was the minimum age of group-B and 52 years was the highest age. Conclusion: It was concluded that people with interminable neck desolation who got the mix of upper thoracic spine preparation and versatility exercise showed better in general transient results as far as the VSA, NDIKey words: Chronic Neck Pain, VSA,NDI and Thoracic Spine Mobility.
Impact of Social Media Websites Overuse on Mental Well Being of Medical Students
Authors: Khalid Sumbal , Hotiana Usman Amin , Muzzamil Zunaira
Published: September 2022

Background: Social media over usage is becoming an addictive behaviour in medical students. This excessive use of social media websites is compromising the mental health of the medical students. Aim: To find the relation of social media overuse on mental well being of medical students. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: Third, Fourth and fifth year MBBS students of Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental college, Lahore were included in the current study. 230 Questionnaires were distributed among the students. The questionnaire was in two parts. In one part 10 questions were asked, related to five famous social media websites usage. The second part of the questionnaire contained Kessler psychological distress scale. Out of 230 students, 195 students filled the questionnaires. Data was evaluated by using SPSS version 20. Results: Majority of the students (42 %) were turned out to be severely distressed. 37% students were doing well while 28% and 16% students had mild and moderate distress. All of the severely distressed students used facebook, instagram and watsapp. 98.43% students used snapchat and 82.81 % students used tiktok. Those with severe distress, were found to spend more than 1 hour per day on social media websites. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a strong correlation of the time spent on social media with the mental well being of medical students. More time spent on social media had led to more mental distress in medical students. Keywords: Social Media, Medical Students, Mental Health and Mental Distress.
Comparative Assessment of Trends of Social Anxiety and Social Avoidance during First and Second Wave of Covid-19
Authors: Sikandar Mirza Zeeshan , Bakar Muhammad Abu , Aleem Haris , Tufail Aneeza , Fatima Aiman , Farooq Muhammad Umar
Published: September 2022

Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in China and became the global pandemic. This pandemic has proven fatal for the world and lasts drastic effects on the whole world. To combat with this hilarious pandemic, the whole world has adopted the strategy of social distancing and precautionary measures. Aim: To compare trends of social anxiety and avoidance during covid wave 1 and covid wave 2. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Central Park Medical College from October 2020 and January 2021. To assess social avoidance and anxiety LIEBOWITZ Social Anxiety and avoidance Scale was employed. Paired sample t test and correlation was used to compare mean differences. A p value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: There was a reduction of score of social anxiety from covid wave 1 and wave 2 (26.73±4.65. 17.86±3.81) with p value of .001 and similarly there was a reduction of score of social avoidance (25.31±0.597 v/s 15.±0.3390) as well from wave 1 to wave 2 with p value of .001 Conclusion: There is a continuous decline in social avoidance and social anxiety which can cause an increase in covid 19 infection rate in order to combat that there’s need of prompt vaccination along with the precautionary measures to combat covid pandemic. MeSH Words: Covid-19, Social anxiety, social avoidance, covid wave.
Efficacy of Febuxostat for the Prevention of Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hyperuricemia patients
Authors: Ashraf Usman , Khan Azhar Ali , Javed Maryam , Umar Rana Muhammad , Sarwar Sehrish , , Ashraf Hafiz Hamad
Published: September 2022

Background: Hyperuricemia has been linked with adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Urate lowering drugs are recommended for treating hyperuricemia in CKD patients. Aim: To determine efficacy of Febuxostat for the prevention of progression of chronic kidney disease in hyperuricemia patient. Study design: Descriptive case series Setting: Nephrology Department of Sheikh Zaid Hospital Lahore. Sample size 200 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. Serum urate and creatinine levels (to estimate eGFR) were assessed and patients were started on 40mg to 120mg once daily dose of febuxostat tablet, for a period of 12 weeks. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed after 12 weeks. Result: Total 200 patients were included. The patient mean age was 36.2±9.251, mean eGFR was 36.3±11.79, mean serum urate levels were 8.65±1.134 and mean dose of febuxostat was 70.2±27.1. 71.5% were males and 28.5% females. Febuxostat was efficacious in 28.5% of the patients. The data was stratified by age, gender, febuxostat dose, and kidney disease severity. Post - stratification chi square test was1applied. It was seen that there was no significant relationship of efficacy with age. Gender and dose of febuxostat (P value of >0.05). Conclusion: Febuxostat is effective in reducing the progression of chronic kidney disease in hyperuricemic patients. Keywords: Hyperuricemia, Chronic Kidney Disease, Urate Lowering Drugs, Febuxostat
Diagnostic Accuracy of Modified Biophysical Profile in Predicting Poor Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancies Complicated by Hypertension at Term
Authors: Awan Rabia , Bushra Natasha , Rizwan Wajiha , Maryam Attka , Zia Uzma , Wasim Tayyiba
Published: September 2022

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy has an impact to improve the perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality which is very important determinant to improve sustainable developmental goals. The high perinatal mortality in women with hypertension in pregnancy is mainly due to fetal growth restriction and iatrogenic preterm delivery. Aim: The diagnostic accuracy of modified biophysical profile is assessed in predicting perinatal outcome in hypertensive pregnancies taking Apgar score at 5 minutes at gold standard Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Unit II Services Hospital, Lahore from 26-6-2021 to 26-12-2021. After meeting the inclusion criteria 180 females were enrolled. Then all females underwent assessment of MBPP. All females were managed efficiently as per standard management protocols. Then females followed-up till delivery of baby. Data analysis was done on SPSS version 22. Results: In this study the mean age of the females was 30.27±5.91 years, there were 29(16.11%) females were nulliparous, 44(24.44%) females had parity 1. MBBP predict poor perinatal outcome in 42(23.3%) females. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of MBPP was 72%, 95.38% & 88.89% respectively. Conclusion: This present study concluded that the modified biophysical profiles a useful and cost effective tool for predicting perinatal outcome in hypertensive pregnancies Keywords: Pregnancy, Perinatal outcome, Modified Biophysical Profile
Outcomes of Cassia Fistula Bark Hexane Extract on Serum Insulin and Glucose Levels in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zahid Natasha , Saleem Tahira , Farooq Zainab , Anwar Faiza , Khalid Naima , Ikram Naila
Published: September 2022

Background: Cassia fistula (amaltas) is commonly found in Pakistan and is frequently used in medicines. Its leaves, bark and pods are conventionally used for the treatment of skin disorders, bacterial infection, constipation, colic, cirrhosis, urinary disorders, dysentery, leprosy, rheumatic conditions, jaundice, syphilis, heart diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM). Aim: To determine and compare the outcomes of cassia fistula bark (hexane extract) on serum insulin and blood glucose measures in high-fat diet-fed (HFD) and Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic albino male rats.” Study design: Randomized control trial. Duration and setting: Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), Lahore from August 2016 to January 2017. Methods: The research was carried out on ninety male albino rats. Rats were induced with diabetes by giving high fat diet for 2 weeks and on fourteenth day, single injection of low dose streptozotocin (25mg/kg). The rats were categorized randomly into two groups, randomly, of 45 animals each. Group 1 was diabetic control (n=45) and group 2 was diabetic experimental and was given hexane extract of Cassia fistula bark (0.45g/kg) in 1ml of 0.3 % Carboximethyl cellulose solution by using intra gastric tube for once in a day for a month. On 31st day, 4-5 ml intra cardiac blood sample was collected. Biochemical parameters serum glucose and insulin were evaluated. Results: The diabetic rats treated with hexane extract of cassia fistula bark, exhibited significant (p=0.05) decrease in serum insulin and glucose levels. Conclusion: Hexane extract of cassia fistula bark possesses potent hypoglycemic effects. Keywords: Cassia fistula, Hypoglycemic effects, diabetic rat
Accuracy of MRI for Diagnosis of Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis Taking Histopathology as a Gold Standard
Authors: Abid Maham , Tahir Nayab Asif, Mehwish , Gulshan Maimoona
Published: September 2022

Aim: Diagnostic accuracy of MRI for diagnosis of acute invasive fungal sinusitis by taking histopathology as gold standard Study design: Cross sectional study at Radiology department, Ittefaq Hospital Lahore Duration: Six months from 23-02-2018 to 23-08-2018 A total of 346 cases fulfilling inclusion & exclusion criteria were taken. All cases were done MRI procedure. Histopathology reports were also obtained. The results obtained were used to calculate the diagnostic accuracy. Results: The male were 195(56.4%) and female were 151(43.6%). On histopathology, 120(34.7%) cases showed positive results. By MRI study, 114(32.9%) cases were of positive finding. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of MRI was 90%, 97.4%, 94.7% and 94.8% respectively and diagnostic accuracy of MRI was 94.8%. Conclusion: For diagnosing acute invasive fungal sinusitis, there is high diagnostic accuracy of MRI taking histopathology as gold standard. Keywords: sinus fungal infection, histopathology, MRI
Anatrophic Nehphrolithotomy: Preservation of Renal Function and Stone Clearance Rate
Authors: Mahar Naveed A. , Qureshi Harris H. , Kalhoro Ghulam M. , Laghari Riaz A. , Shah Syed A. , Saeed Maryam , Mohsen Rehan
Published: September 2022

Aim: To assess the outcomes of anatrophic nephrolithotomy in terms of stone clearance and change in renal function. Study design: Observational study Place and duration of study: Department of Urology Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation, Karachi from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: Fifty patients who underwent anatrophic nephrolithotomy from were enrolled. Outcomes were measured in terms of stone clearance, change in pre and post procedure eGFR, serum creatinine and differential renal function on renal scan (MAG-3 scan). Results: There were 30 (60%) males and 20 (40%) females with mean age was 5.96±13.09 years. Post-operative serum creatinine and eGFR were compared with pre-operative values and no statistically significant difference observed. Comparison of pre-operative and post-operative 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) scans revealed statistically significant mild loss of renal function with p-value of0.376. Conclusion: Anatrophic nephrolithotomy can be an alternative for multi tract PCNL when there is huge stone burden as it yields excellent stone clearance, and it can be practiced fearlessly for large staghorn stones because they can become the frequent cause of infections and mortality. Although parenchymal damage after anatrophic nephrolithotomy is of concern, renal dysfunction is usually clinically insignificant. Key words: Anatrophic nephrolithotomy, Staghorn stone, Renal calculi
Clinical Importance of MRI Lumbar Spine in Lower Backache
Authors: Azeem Nazia , Anwar Muhammad , Tanweer Malik Osama
Published: September 2022

Aim: To examine the effectiveness and clinical significance of lumbar spine MRI in chronic lower-back ache patients and its relevant radiculopathies. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study Place and duration of dtudy: Department of Radiology, Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences for Girls Karachi from 1stJune 2020 to 30thNovember 2020. Methodology: Ninety patients of both males and females, between the ages of 20-75 years with a history of bilateral or unilateral lower limbs radiculopathy, lower back numbness and pain were included. The patients with a history of vascular malformation, metastasis, tumour, infection, and trauma were excluded. Lumbar spine MRI was performed by MRI scanner. At the following levels, the scan was taken: L5-S1, L4-L5, L3-L4, L2- L3. Results: The mean age was 44.64±15.67 years. Eighty percent of patients showed osteophytes formation and disc desiccation signs, 53.5% of patients showed signs of numbness, and 36.7% of patients has bilateral lower-limbs radiculopathies complaints, whereas 91.1% had shown signs of diffuse disc bulge on spinal level of L5-S1. In 100 percent of patients, neural foramina were compromised at level L4-L5 to which in 98.9% of patients there was a “nerve root compression” at this level. Mostly it has been seen that level L2-L3 is spared. At level, L2-L3 hundred percent of patients did not reveal any important ligamentumflavum hypertrophy and 98.9 percent of people have no “facet joint hypertrophy”. Conclusion: The lower back pain frequency is higher in males as well as in females. In a patient who has lower back pain, the Disc desiccation was frequent. Because of spinal canal stenosis, foraminal canal and nerve root compressions the most general targeted sites were L5-S1 and L4-L5. Keywords: Lumbar spine, Magnetic resonance imaging, Lower backache
Awareness of Forensic Odontology among Dentists in Pakistan and its Impact on Dental Record Keeping
Authors: Tahir Fizza , Raja Hina Zafar , Saleem Muhammad Nasir , Iqbal Ayesha , Ullah Muhammad Saad , Yasser Faiqua
Published: September 2022

Background: Forensic odontology (FO) has an important role to play in the field of forensic science to gather evidence for human identification. Dental records form an integral component of forensic evidence in this regard. Dental practitioners need to be aware of the legal significance of dental record keeping. They should be able to provide accurate information on which forensic evidence can be based. Aim: To assess the awareness regarding FO and dental record-keeping practices amongst dental partitioners in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental practitioners to assess the awareness regarding FO and dental record-keeping in clinical practice. Results: A total of 380 responses were received. Results showed that only 2% of the respondents studied the subject of forensic dentistry at the undergraduate or postgraduate level. 88 % of the individuals were interested in receiving formal training in forensic dentistry and 96% recommended the subject of forensic dentistry to be introduced as a separate postgraduate training program in Pakistan. More than half of the respondents reported a lack of record-keeping in their clinical practice. Conclusions: Limited awareness was observed regarding FO among dental practitioners in Pakistan primarily due to lack of exposure to the subject. In terms of dental record keeping, a limited number of practitioners in our study reported adhering to it. Hence, there is a need to develop measures to promote awareness and knowledge about FO and dental record management in Pakistan. Keywords: Forensic odontology, awareness, education, dental records, dental identification.
Psychological Self Satisfaction in Women: A Study in the Context of Bhagalpur District
Authors: Kumari Anpurna
Published: September 2022

The present study has been done to compare the psychological self-satisfaction level between domestic and working adult women in urban and rural areas of Bihar state Bhagalpur district. The study sample consisted of 120 adult women in the age group of 35 to 65 years, including 60 urban and 60 rural women. Again 30-30 working and domestic women were randomly selected from among women from urban and rural areas. The psychological self-satisfaction scale administered by Devendra Singh Sisodia and Pooja Chaudhary (2012) has been used in the data collection. The collected data was statistically calculated using the mean, standard deviation and t value test and analyzed by descriptive statistical method. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference on psychological well-being between urban and rural women. In addition, the results show that the level of psychological self-satisfaction among domestic women is better than that of working women in both urban and rural areas of the district.

Abstract in Hindi Language:

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन बिहार राज्य भागलपुर जिला के शहरी और ग्रामीण क्षेत्र के घरेलू एवं कामकाजी वयस्क महिलाओं के बीच मनोवैज्ञानिक आत्म संतुष्टि स्तर की तुलना करने के लिए किया गया है। अध्ययन के नमूने में अध्ययन के लिए 35 वर्ष से 65 वर्ष के आयु वर्ग के 120 वयस्क महिलाओं के बीच किया गया जिसमें 60 शहरी और 60 ग्रामीण क्षेत्र की महिलायें शामिल थे। पुनः शहरी और ग्रामीण क्षेत्र क्षेत्र के महिलाओं में से 30-30 कामकाजी और घरेलू महिलाओं का यादृच्छिक रूप से चयन किया गया था। देवेंद्र सिंह सिसोदिया और पूजा चैधरी (2012) द्वारा प्रशासित मनोवैज्ञानिक आत्म संतुष्टि पैमाने का उपयोग आंकड़ा संग्रह में किया गया है। एकत्र किए गए आंकड़ों को सांख्यिकीय रूप से माध्य, मानक विचलन और टी मान परीक्षण का उपयोग करके गणना करके विश्लेषण वर्णनात्मक सांख्यिकीय पद्धति द्वारा किया गया है। अध्ययन के निष्कर्षों से पता चला कि शहरी और ग्रामीण क्षेत्र के महिलाओं के बीच मनोवैज्ञानिक कल्याण पर महत्वपूर्ण अंतर है। इसके अलावा परिणाम बताते हैं कि जिला के शहरी एवं ग्रामीण दोनों ही क्षेत्रों में कामकाजी महिलाओं की तुलना में घरेलू महिला के बीच मनोवैज्ञानिक आत्म संतुष्टि के स्तर बेहतर हैं।

Keywords: मनोवैज्ञानिक आत्म संतुष्टि, वयस्क महिला, घरेलू महिला, कामकाजी महिला, भागलपुर