bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unintended consequences of state action: how the kingpin strategy transformed the structure of violence in Mexico’s organized crime
Authors: Velasco Oscar Contreras
Published: July 2023

This paper builds on social network analysis and structural balance theory to analyze, with a novel approach, some of the unintended consequences of Mexico’s kingpin strategy on the network of criminal organizations. I use data on violent conflicts between Mexico’s criminal organizations, between 2004 and 2020, from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), and a combination of statistics, social network analysis, GIS, and archival methods to understand the patterns and geography of violent conflicts and alliances before and after the war on drugs. The goal of this paper is threefold: first, to show that the kingpin strategy is associated with the fragmentation of criminal organizations in Mexico; second, to show that criminal organizations developed a set of structurally balanced arrangements before the government waged a war against them and that the kingpin strategy disrupted such arrangements, which led to an increase in the number of violent conflicts; third, I will argue that the fragmentation of criminal organizations also produced a process of clustering of violence, where sets of organizations started fighting each other in specific regions of the country, increasing the levels of violence in those geographical spaces.
Implications of environmental constraints in hydropower scheduling for a power system with limited grid and reserve capacity
Authors: Schäffer Linn Emelie , Korpås Magnus , Bakken Tor Haakon
Published: July 2023

The negative impacts of power systems on biodiversity have to be mitigated, while simultaneously ensuring affordable and secure electricity supply for the future. This may lead to trade-off situations where ecological, recreational or social needs are weighted against the need for flexible power supply. This paper explores the interaction between the security of electricity supply and environmental constraints on the operation of flexible hydropower plants in the Norwegian renewable-based power system. A long-term, stochastic scheduling model of a wind- and hydropower-dominated power system is used to assess the implications of environmental constraints and reserve capacity requirements in combination. The model is used for a representative case study where three types of environmental constraints are imposed on the operation of the hydropower plants in a region of the congested Norwegian power system. In addition, requirements for spinning and non-spinning reserve capacity have to be met. The case study results demonstrate varying impacts on the operation of the hydropower plants, curtailment of demand and provision of reserve capacity depending on the type of environmental constraint being imposed.
Financial Literacy, Financial Innovation, and Financial Inclusion as Mitigating Factors of the Adverse Effect of Corruption on Banking Stability Indicators
Authors: Jungo João , Madaleno Mara , Botelho Anabela
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the ability of financial literacy, financial innovation, and financial inclusion to mitigate the adverse effect of corruption on banks’ credit risk, profitability, and financial stability, with this joint inclusion being the novelty explored. Furthermore, we aim to compare the results across four different groups of countries, namely African, Asian, American, and European countries. The Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimation results indicate that corruption increases credit risk, reducing profitability and bank stability, being these effects mitigated by financial literacy, financial innovation, and financial inclusion. Furthermore, we find that financial literacy, financial innovation, and financial inclusion reduce credit risk while increasing bank profitability and stability. These results enable policymakers and managers to promote inclusion, innovation, and financial literacy to achieve banking sector stability while combating corruption.
Category Mistakes Electrified
Authors: Mankowitz Poppy
Published: July 2023

Occurrences of sentences that are traditionally considered category mistakes, such as ‘The red number is divisible by three’, tend to elicit a sense of oddness in assessors. In attempting to explain this oddness, existing accounts in the philosophical literature commonly claim that occurrences of such sentences are associated with a defect or phenomenology unique to the class of category mistakes. It might be thought that recent work in experimental psycholinguistics—in particular, the recording of event-related brain potentials (patterns of voltage variation in the brain)—holds the potential to shed new light on this debate. I review the relevant experimental results, before arguing that they present advocates of accounts of category mistakes with a dilemma: either the uniqueness claims should be rejected, or the experimental technique in question cannot be used to test existing accounts of category mistakes in the manner that philosophers might hope.
Conditional probability and probability updating
Authors: Gutiérrez José Manuel
Published: July 2023

The conditional probability formula is supposed to reflect the correct updating of probability assignments when new information is incorporated. Starting from a non-atomic probability measure, it is proved that the conditional probability formula provides the only transformed probability measure satisfying a “minimum requirement” relational assumption. This result applies to the standard Bayesian parametric model.
Bioethanol production from Eucalyptus grandis using novel low-cost nutrient supplements in fermentation
Authors: Vancov T. , Palmer J. , Keen B.
Published: July 2023

The conversion of Eucalyptus biomass to ethanol via fermentation is beset with challenges including efficient sugar utilisation, the presence of inhibitors, expensive nutrients, and low yields. To address some of these challenges, this study evaluated Thermosacc Dry® and GSF335 xylose recombinant yeast in fermentations using acid pretreated Eucalyptus grandis fibre and hydrolysates. These fermentations were supplemented with novel and low-cost nutrients. Contrary to previous reports, the inclusion of trace metals in saccharification and hydrolysis fermentations of whole slurries did not eliminate the inhibitory effects of acetic acid. Elevated levels of xylitol and acetic acid suggested a redirection of carbon flux to redress redox imbalances in both yeast types. Using GSF335 propagated in xylose-enriched liquors, and Nutri-Plex Plus™, diammonium phosphate, or crude dried spent yeast as nitrogen sources, saccharification and hydrolysis fermentations produced ethanol yields ranging from 141.4 to 145.6 kg t−1 dry weight E.grandis. Inclusion of yeast hulls and trace metals in simultaneous saccharification and fermentations yielded 175.6 kg ethanol t−1 dry weight E.grandis, corresponding to a 64.4% conversion efficiency. Results from this study support the use of novel low-cost waste by-products as nutrient supplements in bioethanol production from Eucalyptus biomass. Furthermore, they have implications for the production of bioethanol from other lignocellulosic materials and warrant further investigation.
Assessing economic sustainability of mining in Kazakhstan
Authors: Atakhanova Zauresh , Azhibay Seribolat
Published: July 2023

Kazakhstan is a leading producer of uranium and chromium and has significant reserves of critical raw materials. We assess economic sustainability of Kazakhstan’s mining, focusing on its labor productivity, a key factor in counteracting the effects of resource depletion and increasing costs. We find that during 2000–2021, labor productivity continued improving in mining of non-ferrous metals and industrial minerals. Our firm-level analysis demonstrates that domestic non-ferrous mining firms were able to achieve productivity level comparable to that of modern mining industries. They reduced energy intensity, increased efficiency of processing plants, and accessed higher-quality reserves. In addition, managerial innovations, engaging with the workforce, and introduction of advanced technologies were prominent in analyzed firms. However, following a period of rapid growth during the early 2000s, productivity stagnated in Kazakhstan’s coal mining while it decreased in iron ore mining. We relate such performance to iron ore depletion from underinvestment in exploration. In coal mining, stagnating productivity reflects this sector’s protected status and substantial fossil fuel subsidies.
Effect of water salinity on properties of multipass underwater wet manual metal arc welded joints
Authors: Tomków Jacek , Fydrych Dariusz , Łabanowski Jerzy
Published: July 2023

The weldability of steel under the water is limited due to the influence of the environment. Water causes limited visibility, presence of the residual stresses, increasing the cooling rate, and increasing the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal, leading to the formation of brittle microstructures in heat-affected zone (HAZ). The paper presents the results of mechanical properties testing of S420G2+M steel welded joints made with covered electrodes in the water with salinity values: 0‰, 7.5‰, and 35‰. The non-destructive tests: ultrasonic (UT) and radiographic (RT), and destructive tests: Vickers HV10 measurements, Charpy impact, and bending and metallographic macro- and microscopic tests were performed. Moreover, the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal by the mercury method was measured. It was observed that water salinity has an influence on the stability of the welding arc and the properties of joints. In particular, it was found that increasing the water salinity provides to: decreasing the hardness of HAZ (from 211 HV10 to 193 HV10), increasing the impact strength (from 82.5 to 101.3 J/cm2). Additionally, a slight increase in the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal (up to 65 ml/100g) was observed. The number of microcracks in the joints decreased with increasing the water salinity.
Relevance of sonographic parameters for inflammatory bowel disease in children
Authors: Dell’Era Alessandra , Cannatelli Rosanna , Ferretti Francesca , Manzotti Cristina , Dilillo Dario , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Meneghin Fabio , Ardizzone Sandro , Maconi Giovanni
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is widely used as the first exam in patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated the accuracy of several IUS parameters, including increased bowel wall thickening (BWT), in detecting IBD in a paediatric population.

Methods

The study included an unselected series of 113 patients aged 2–18 years (mean age 10.8 years, 65 male), referred for recurrent abdominal pain or altered bowel habits, without known organic diseases, to perform an IUS as first investigation of a diagnostic workup. Patients with full systematic IUS examination, clinical and biochemical exams, and ileocolonoscopy or an uneventful follow-up at least one year follow up were eligible.

Results

23 IBD patients (20.4%; 8 ulcerative colitis, 12 Crohn’s disease and 3 indeterminate colitis) were diagnosed. We found that increased BWT > 3 mm (OR 5.4), altered IUS bowel pattern (IUS-BP, OR 9.8) and mesenteric hypertrophy (MH, OR 5.2) accurately identified IBD at the multivariate analysis. IUS-BP, MH and BWT > 3 mm had a sensitivity of 78.3%, 65.2% and 69.6% and a specificity of 93.3%, 92.2% and 96.7%, respectively. The combination of these three alterations increased the specificity up to 100%, whilst decreased sensitivity to 56.5%.

Conclusion

Among several US parameters suggestive of IBD, the increased BWT, MH and altered echopattern are independent predictors of IBD. The ultrasonographic diagnosis of IBD could be more accurate if relied on combination of different sonographic parameters, than on the sole BWT evaluation.
"Three-in-One" Multi-Scale Structural Design of Carbon Fiber-Based Composites for Personal Electromagnetic Protection and Thermal Management
Authors: Zhou Ming , Tan Shujuan , Wang Jingwen , Wu Yue , Liang Leilei , Ji Guangbin
Published: July 2023

Wearable devices with efficient thermal management and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding are highly desirable for improving human comfort and safety. Herein, a multifunctional wearable carbon fibers (CF) @ polyaniline (PANI) / silver nanowires (Ag NWs) composites with a “branch-trunk” interlocked micro/nanostructure were achieved through "three-in-one" multi-scale design. The reasonable assembly of the three kinds of one-dimensional (1D) materials can fully exert their excellent properties i.e., the superior flexibility of CF, the robustness of PANI, and the splendid conductivity of AgNWs. Consequently, the constructed flexible composite demonstrates enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile stress of 1.2 MPa, which was almost 6 times that of the original material. This is mainly attributed to the fact that the PNAI (branch) was firmly attached to the CF (trunk) through polydopamine (PDA), forming a robust interlocked structure. Meanwhile, the composite possesses excellent thermal insulation and heat preservation capacity owing to the synergistically low thermal conductivity and emissivity. More importantly, the conductive path of the composite established by the three 1D materials greatly improved its EMI shielding property and Joule heating performance at low applied voltage. This work paves the way for rational utilization of the intrinsic properties of 1D materials, as well as provides a promising strategy for designing wearable electromagnetic protection and thermal energy management devices.
Metal powder feedstock evaluation and management for powder bed fusion: a review of literature, standards, and practical guidelines
Authors: Gibbons Duncan W. , Govender Preyin , van der Merwe Andre F.
Published: July 2023

Metal powders are key to metal additive manufacturing technologies such as powder bed fusion. These powder feedstocks experience a range of forces and physical phenomena both during the powder bed fusion process and additional post-processing stages that can alter their composition and material properties. To evaluate such effects, these powders need to be characterized, tested, and analyzed at critical stages of their lifecycles. This paper provides a review of the current state of the art for powder evaluation methods and their applicability for powder bed fusion production. Methods are categorized by the properties they evaluate, either particulate or bulk properties. Industry standards are identified for each method if applicable and the advantages and disadvantages of each are defined. Effects of these properties on the flowability and spreadability of powders are synthesized and practical management guidelines are defined. This paper aims at providing an overview of powder evaluation for powder bed fusion, practical considerations for the development of powder test and evaluation programs, and provide insights for future research undertakings in the field.
Primary school Physical Education (PE) specialist teachers’ experiences of teaching Health Education and Physical Education
Authors: Cruickshank Vaughan , Pill Shane , Williams John , Mainsbridge Casey , Nash Rosie
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this paper was to extend understanding of the studied phenomenon: primary school Physical Education (PE) specialist teachers’ experiences of teaching Health Education and Physical Education within the Learning Area Health and Physical Education (HPE) in their schools. Figurational sociology guided the research, which employed an explanatory sequential mixed methodology consisting of an online survey with 94 participants, followed by semi-structured interviews with 11 purposively sampled participants. Survey data indicated participants perceived their students undertook approximately one hour of HPE each week, except for Kindergarten students, who completed just over 40 minutes. This is less than the notional 80 hours a year recommended for delivering the subjects Health Education (HE) and Physical Education (PE) within the Australian Curriculum. Participants perceived HPE delivery in their primary schools was predominantly PE focused, and therefore, HE was ‘falling between the cracks’. Thematic analysis of the interview data led to the identification of themes reflecting specialist teachers’ perceptions of HE being the remit of class teachers, marginalised due to a crowded curriculum and lack of collaboration between PE specialists and classroom teachers. There is significant scope for HE not to be taught or not be taught well in the primary schools represented in the data provided by participants in this study. Improved collaboration between class teachers and PE teachers, increased support and prioritisation from senior staff (e.g. principals) and increased HE professional learning opportunities for class teachers are required.
Ethik, Wissenschaft und Alltagserfahrung in den Klima- und Umweltdebatten
Authors: Siep Ludwig
Published: July 2023

Ausgehend von einem Blick auf die Rahmenbedingungen wissenschaftlicher und ethischer Diskussionen in pluralistischen Demokratien werden im vorliegenden Text verschiedene Ansätze der zeitgenössischen Ethik diskutiert, die Konzepte des guten Lebens entwickeln und die dazu gehörenden Naturerfahrungen erörtern. In Weiterführung wird zugunsten einer Position argumentiert, die von der Idee einer „guten Welt“ ausgeht. Deren Güte ist im Ausgang von multizentrischen Wertrelationen zu bestimmen, die nicht nur das urteilende Subjekt begünstigen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden alltägliche Erfahrungen in den Blick genommen: Sie dienen dazu, den Rahmen der entworfenen Ethik zu konkretisieren, müssen aber ihrerseits einer ethischen Prüfung unterzogen werden.
Mixed Evidence for Gestalt Grouping in Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Biscione Valerio , Bowers Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2023

Gestalt psychologists have identified a range of conditions in which humans organize elements of a scene into a group or whole, and perceptual grouping principles play an essential role in scene perception and object identification. Recently, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) trained on natural images (ImageNet) have been proposed as compelling models of human vision based on reports that they perform well on various brain and behavioural benchmarks. Here we test a total of 16 networks covering a variety of architectures and learning paradigms (convolutional, attention-based, supervised and self-supervised, feed-forward and recurrent) on dots (Experiment 1) and more complex shapes (Experiment 2) stimuli that produce strong Gestalts effects in humans. In Experiment 1 we found that convolutional networks were indeed sensitive in a human-like fashion to the principles of proximity, linearity, and orientation, but only at the output layer. In Experiment 2, we found that most networks exhibited Gestalt effects only for a few sets, and again only at the latest stage of processing. Overall, self-supervised and Vision Transformer appeared to perform worse than convolutional networks in terms of human similarity. Remarkably, no model presented a grouping effect at the early or intermediate stages of processing. This is at odds with the widespread assumption that Gestalts occur prior to object recognition, and indeed, serve to organize the visual scene for the sake of object recognition. Our overall conclusion is that, albeit noteworthy that networks trained on simple 2D images support a form of Gestalt grouping for some stimuli at the output layer, this ability does not seem to transfer to more complex features. Additionally, the fact that this grouping only occurs at the last layer suggests that networks learn fundamentally different perceptual properties than humans.
The Constitutional Concepts of Sustainability and Dignity
Authors: Herlin-Karnell Ester
Published: July 2023

The principle of sustainability is generally taken as a good, but what does sustainability really mean? The notion of sustainability has been at the center of global governance debates for more than a decade and many countries across the world include sustainability in their constitutions. This paper argues that in order to understand the concept of sustainability in a constitutional context, we need to turn to the notion of dignity. The paper explores the concepts of sustainability and dignity and their meanings in the framework of climate justice and related questions and by discussing them in the context of Kantian and republican theory. In addition, the paper looks at intriguing court cases on the importance of nation states meeting their climate law duties. The paper concludes by exploring new uses of the sustainability concept. EU constitutional law will serve as a laboratory in testing these questions.
A novel method for optimization of flat monopole antennas with the help of a universal definition for geometric shapes
Authors: Shirpay A. , Zarezadeh E.
Published: July 2023

In this research, a novel method is proposed optimization of flatted ultra-wideband monopole antennas. In this method, the shape of the antennas is described in general terms. This general description allows the antennas to take all kinds of shapes during the optimization process and finally, an optimal form for an ultra-wideband monopole is obtained. The parameters of this general description are obtained according to the design constraints in a two-stage optimization process (including global and local optimization). The optimization to achieve the acceptable impedance matching in the working band and reduction of the distortion of the radiation waves is to be done. Due to the efficiency of the optimization method, by applying strict-tightening constrictions on the size of the antenna, smaller antennas with the same performance as the best flat monopole antennas are designed. The main optimization program runs in Matlab Software, but the analysis of antennas at each stage of optimization is executed in the CST Microwave Studio Software. For this purpose, with the help of Visual Basic for Applications programming, an automated link is created between the MATLAB Software and CST Microwave Studio Software. The optimization results showed the ability of this method to design very small antennas with desired functional characteristics. The results showed that the return loss for the entire operational spectrum is below − 10 dB. Also, the correlation coefficient of the proposed planar super wideband monopole antenna has different values in different radiation angles.
Framing Subjective Emotion Reports as Dynamic Affective Decisions
Authors: Teoh Yi Yang , Cunningham William A. , Hutcherson Cendri A.
Published: July 2023

Self-reports remain affective science’s only direct measure of subjective affective experiences. Yet, little research has sought to understand the psychological process that transforms subjective experience into self-reports. Here, we propose that by framing these self-reports as dynamic affective decisions, affective scientists may leverage the computational tools of decision-making research, sequential sampling models specifically, to better disentangle affective experience from the noisy decision processes that constitute self-report. We further outline how such an approach could help affective scientists better probe the specific mechanisms that underlie important moderators of affective experience (e.g., contextual differences, individual differences, and emotion regulation) and discuss how adopting this decision-making framework could generate insight into affective processes more broadly and facilitate reciprocal collaborations between affective and decision scientists towards a more comprehensive and integrative psychological science.
Biochar filler in MEX and VPP additive manufacturing: characterization and reinforcement effects in polylactic acid and standard grade resin matrices
Authors: Vidakis Nectarios , Kalderis Dimitrios , Petousis Markos , Maravelakis Emmanuel , Mountakis Nikolaos , Bolanakis Nikolaos , Papadakis Vassilis
Published: July 2023

The development of sustainable and functional biocomposites remains a robust research and industrial claim. Herein, the efficiency of using eco-friendly biochar as reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing (AM) was investigated. Two AM technologies were applied, i.e., vat photopolymerization (VPP) and material extrusion (MEX). A standard-grade resin in VPP and the also eco-friendly biodegradable Polylactic Acid (PLA) in the MEX process were selected as polymeric matrices. Biochar was prepared in the study from olive trees. Composites were developed for both 3D printing processes at different biochar loadings. Samples were 3D-printed and mechanically tested after international test standards. Thermogravimetric Analysis and Raman revealed the thermal and structural characteristics of the composites. Morphological and fractographic features were derived, among others, with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Biochar was proven to be sufficient reinforcement agent, especially in the filament MEX process, reaching more than 20% improvement at 4 wt.% loading in tensile strength compared to the pure PLA control samples. In the VPP process, results were not as satisfactory, still, a 5% improvement was achieved in the flexural strength with 0.5 wt.% biochar loading. The findings prove the strong potential of biochar-based composites in AM applications, too.

Graphical Abstract
Understanding transitions in animated bar charts
Authors: Wei Datong , Liu Can , Zhang Xiaolong , Yuan Xiaoru
Published: July 2023

Animated bar charts have gained popularity on the Internet for their ability to display historical rankings through smooth animated transitions that clearly show the rankings over time. To investigate the usage scenarios of these charts, we analyzed the pop-up comments to understand viewers’ focus. Our findings suggest that animated transitions play a key role in viewers’ perception of ranking changes. We summarized various transition methods and evaluated their impact on user perception and memory through user experiments. We also conducted a detailed analysis of each transition method’s implementation. Our research sheds light on the effectiveness of different transition strategies for animated bar charts.
Hand hygiene behavior change: a review and pilot study of an automated hand hygiene reminder system implementation in a public hospital
Authors: Seferi Arta , Parginos Kalliopi , Jean Wiline , Calero Christopher , Fogel Joshua , Modeste Shantel , Scott Beverley-Ann , Daly-Walsh Marjorie , Yap Wilfredo , Kaur Manjinder , Brady Terence , Madaline Theresa
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To review and study implementation of an automated hand hygiene reminder system (AHHRS).

Design:

Prospective, nonrandomized, before-after quality improvement pilot study conducted over 6 months.

Setting:

Medical-surgical unit (MSU) and medical intensive care unit (MICU) at a public hospital in New York City.

Participants:

There were 2,642 healthcare worker observations in the direct observation (DO) period versus 265,505 in the AHHRS period, excluding AHHRS observations collected during the 1-month crossover period when simultaneous DO occurred.

Intervention:

We compared hand hygiene adherence (HHA) measured by DO prior to the pilot and after AHHRS implementation. We compared changes in HHA and potential cross-contamination events (CCEs) (room exit and subsequent entry without HHA) from baseline for each biweekly period during the pilot.

Results:

Engagement, education/training, data transparency, and optimization period resulted in successful implementation and adoption of the AHHRS. Observations were greater utilizing AHHRS than DO (265,505 vs 2,642, P < .01). Due to the expected Hawthorne effect, HHA was significantly less for AHHRS than DO in MSU (90.99% vs 97.21%, P < .01) and MICU (91.21% vs 98.65%, P < .01). HHA significantly improved from 86.47% to 89.68% in MSU (P < .001) and 85.93% to 91.24% in the MICU (P < .001) from the first biweekly period of AHHRS utilization to the last. CCE decreased from 73.42% to 65.11% in the MSU and significantly decreased from 81.22% to 53.19% in the MICU (P < .05).

Conclusions:

We describe how an AHHRS approach was successfully implemented at our facility. With ongoing feedback and system optimization, AHHRS improved HHA and reduced CCE over time.
Pediatric primary care provider and staff perspectives on the implementation of electronic health record-based social needs interventions: A mixed-methods study
Authors: LeLaurin Jennifer H. , De La Cruz Jacqueline , Theis Ryan P. , Thompson Lindsay A. , Lee Ji-Hyun , Shenkman Elizabeth A. , Salloum Ramzi G.
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Interventions to address social needs in clinical settings can improve child and family health outcomes. Electronic health record (EHR) tools are available to support these interventions but are infrequently used. This mixed-methods study sought to identify approaches for implementing social needs interventions using an existing EHR module in pediatric primary care.

Methods:

We conducted focus groups and interviews with providers and staff (n = 30) and workflow assessments (n = 48) at four pediatric clinics. Providers and staff completed measures assessing the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of social needs interventions. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided the study. A hybrid deductive-inductive approach was used to analyze qualitative data.

Results:

Median scores (range 1–5) for acceptability (4.9) and appropriateness (5.0) were higher than feasibility (3.9). Perceived barriers to implementation related to duplicative processes, parent disclosure, and staffing limitations. Facilitators included the relative advantage of the EHR module compared to existing documentation practices, importance of addressing social needs, and compatibility with clinic culture and workflow. Self-administered screening was seen as inappropriate for sensitive topics. Strategies identified included providing resource lists, integrating social needs assessments with existing screening questionnaires, and reducing duplicative documentation.

Conclusions:

This study offers insight into the implementation of EHR-based social needs interventions and identifies strategies to promote intervention uptake. Findings highlight the need to design interventions that are feasible to implement in real-world settings. Future work should focus on integrating multiple stakeholder perspectives to inform the development of EHR tools and clinical workflows to support social needs interventions.
Genomic insights into a tripartite ancestry in the Southern Ryukyu Islands
Authors: Cooke Niall P. , Mattiangeli Valeria , Cassidy Lara M. , Okazaki Kenji , Kasai Kenji , Bradley Daniel G. , Gakuhari Takashi , Nakagome Shigeki
Published: July 2023

A tripartite structure for the genetic origin of Japanese populations states that present-day populations are descended from three main ancestors: (1) the indigenous Jomon hunter–gatherers; (2) a Northeast Asian component that arrived during the agrarian Yayoi period; and (3) a major influx of East Asian ancestry in the imperial Kofun period. However, the genetic heterogeneity observed in different regions of the Japanese archipelago highlights the need to assess the applicability and suitability of this model. Here, we analyse historic genomes from the southern Ryukyu Islands, which have unique cultural and historical backgrounds compared with other parts of Japan. Our analysis supports the tripartite structure as the best fit in this region, with significantly higher estimated proportions of Jomon ancestry than mainland Japanese. Unlike the main islands, where each continental ancestor was directly brought by immigrants from the continent, those who already possessed the tripartite ancestor migrated to the southern Ryukyu Islands and admixed with the prehistoric people around the eleventh century AD, coinciding with the emergence of the Gusuku period. These results reaffirm the tripartite model in the southernmost extremes of the Japanese archipelago and show variability in how the structure emerged in diverse geographic regions.
Generalized tilting theory in functor categories
Authors: Tang Xi
Published: July 2023

This paper is devoted to the study of generalized tilting theory of functor categories in different levels. First, we extend Miyashita’s proof (Math Z 193:113–146,1986) of the generalized Brenner–Butler theorem to arbitrary functor categories
$\mathop{\textrm{Mod}}\nolimits\!(\mathcal{C})$
with
$\mathcal{C}$
an annuli variety. Second, a hereditary and complete cotorsion pair generated by a generalized tilting subcategory
$\mathcal{T}$
of
$\mathop{\textrm{Mod}}\nolimits \!(\mathcal{C})$
is constructed. Some applications of these two results include the equivalence of Grothendieck groups
$K_0(\mathcal{C})$
and
$K_0(\mathcal{T})$
, the existences of a new abelian model structure on the category of complexes
$\mathop{\textrm{C}}\nolimits \!(\!\mathop{\textrm{Mod}}\nolimits\!(\mathcal{C}))$
, and a t-structure on the derived category
$\mathop{\textrm{D}}\nolimits \!(\!\mathop{\textrm{Mod}}\nolimits \!(\mathcal{C}))$
.
Prime divisors and the number of conjugacy classes of finite groups
Authors: KELLER THOMAS MICHAEL , MORETÓ ALEXANDER
Published: July 2023

We prove that there exists a universal constant D such that if p is a prime divisor of the index of the Fitting subgroup of a finite group G, then the number of conjugacy classes of G is at least
$Dp/\log_2p$
. We conjecture that we can take
$D=1$
and prove that for solvable groups, we can take
$D=1/3$
.
Identifying structural brain markers of resilience to adversity in young people using voxel-based morphometry
Authors: Cornwell Harriet , Toschi Nicola , Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine , Staginnus Marlene , Smaragdi Areti , Gonzalez-Madruga Karen , Rogers Jack , Martinelli Anne , Kohls Gregor , Raschle Nora Maria , Konrad Kerstin , Stadler Christina , Freitag Christine , De Brito Stephane , Fairchild Graeme
Published: July 2023

There is increasing evidence that resilience in youth may have a neurobiological basis. However, the existing literature lacks a consistent way of operationalizing resilience, often relying on arbitrary judgments or narrow definitions (e.g., not developing PTSD) to classify individuals as resilient. Therefore, this study used data-driven, continuous resilience scores based on adversity and psychopathology to investigate associations between resilience and brain structure in youth. Structural MRI data from 298 youth aged 9–18 years (Mage = 13.51; 51% female) who participated in the European multisite FemNAT-CD study were preprocessed using SPM12 and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Resilience scores were derived by regressing data on adversity exposure against current/lifetime psychopathology and quantifying each individual’s distance from the regression line. General linear models tested for associations between resilience and gray matter volume (GMV) and examined whether associations between resilience and GMV differed by sex. Resilience was positively correlated with GMV in the right inferior frontal and medial frontal gyri. Sex-by-resilience interactions were observed in the middle temporal and middle frontal gyri. These findings demonstrate that resilience in youth is associated with volume in brain regions implicated in executive functioning, emotion regulation, and attention. Our results also provide evidence for sex differences in the neurobiology of resilience.
Two-level type theory and applications - ERRATUM
Authors: Annenkov Danil , Capriotti Paolo , Kraus Nicolai , Sattler Christian
Published: July 2023

We define and develop two-level type theory (2LTT), a version of Martin-Löf type theory which combines two different type theories. We refer to them as the ‘inner’ and the ‘outer’ type theory. In our case of interest, the inner theory is homotopy type theory (HoTT) which may include univalent universes and higher inductive types. The outer theory is a traditional form of type theory validating uniqueness of identity proofs (UIP). One point of view on it is as internalised meta-theory of the inner type theory. There are two motivations for 2LTT. Firstly, there are certain results about HoTT which are of meta-theoretic nature, such as the statement that semisimplicial types up to level n can be constructed in HoTT for any externally fixed natural number n. Such results cannot be expressed in HoTT itself, but they can be formalised and proved in 2LTT, where n will be a variable in the outer theory. This point of view is inspired by observations about conservativity of presheaf models. Secondly, 2LTT is a framework which is suitable for formulating additional axioms that one might want to add to HoTT. This idea is heavily inspired by Voevodsky’s Homotopy Type System (HTS), which constitutes one specific instance of a 2LTT. HTS has an axiom ensuring that the type of natural numbers behaves like the external natural numbers, which allows the construction of a universe of semisimplicial types. In 2LTT, this axiom can be assumed by postulating that the inner and outer natural numbers types are isomorphic. After defining 2LTT, we set up a collection of tools with the goal of making 2LTT a convenient language for future developments. As a first such application, we develop the theory of Reedy fibrant diagrams in the style of Shulman. Continuing this line of thought, we suggest a definition of
$(\infty,1)$
-category and give some examples.
How Political Content in Us Weekly Can Reduce Polarized Affect Toward Elected Officials
Authors: Wolak Jennifer
Published: July 2023

Politicians invest a lot of energy into managing their image, with the hope that the public views them favorably. In sharing details about themselves, elected officials want to be seen as people, not just as politicians. Are these efforts successful? I explore this question using an experiment inspired by a column in the celebrity entertainment magazine Us Weekly. I find that politicians who share nonpolitical autobiographical details about themselves secure warmer evaluations from the public. Reading this type of personalizing information also can contribute to ratings of elected officials that are less polarized by partisanship. While personalizing information boosts favorability toward politicians across party lines, members of the opposing party are particularly likely to report warmer affect toward the politician about whom they read. This suggests that this type of soft news coverage has the potential to depolarize partisan evaluations of politicians.
A multifaceted provider-centred intervention versus usual care to improve the recognition and diagnosis of depression in primary health care: a hybrid study
Authors: Nogueras Eva Vanesa , Cantero Nazaret , Macías María , Morales-Asencio José Miguel , García-Herrera Pérez-Bryan José María , Hurtado María M.
Published: July 2023

Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted intervention to implement an adapted guideline for the management of depression in primary health care.

Methods:

A hybrid trial was carried out to determine the effect of a multicomponent provider-centred intervention to improve the detection and diagnosis of depression in primary care, as part of the guideline implementation process, and to collect information about barriers and facilitators in a real-world context. Before the multicomponent intervention, a descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to assess the population prevalence of depression in the participating health centres and to detect possible differences. Subsequently, a quasi-experimental two-phase study was carried out with a concurrent control group to assess the impact of the multicomponent intervention on the main outcomes (detection of depression, evaluation of its severity and the use of structured methods to support the diagnosis).

Results:

Nine-hundred seventy-four patients took part in the first phase. According to their clinical records, the prevalence of depression ranged from 7.2% to 7.9%, and there were no significant differences between the health centres scheduled to receive the intervention and those in the control group. In the experimental phase, 797 randomly selected participants received the multicomponent intervention. Adjusted multivariable analysis performed before the implementation revealed no significant differences in depression between the experimental and control groups. However, after the intervention, modest but significant differences were observed, which persisted at 1 year after the intervention.

Conclusions:

A multicomponent intervention for the implementation of a clinical guideline for the management of depression in primary care produced improvements in the identification of depression and in the degree of severity recorded.
The effects of cereal rye cover crop seeding rate, termination timing, and herbicide inputs on weed control and soybean yield
Authors: Essman Alyssa I. , Loux Mark M. , Lindsey Alexander J. , Dobbels Anthony F.
Published: July 2023

Growers have been experimenting with cover crop termination timings to maximize weed suppression and potentially reduce herbicide inputs in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A field study was replicated three times from 2018 through 2021 in South Charleston, OH, to evaluate different management strategies involving a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop. The objectives were to determine the effects of cereal rye seeding rate (0, 50, and 100 kg ha−1), management program (preplant, postplant, and delayed), and soybean residual herbicide (flumioxazin + chlorimuron ethyl and no herbicide) on cover crop, weed, and soybean parameters. The preplant program consisted of cereal rye terminated 7 d before planting (DBP) + a postemergence application. The postplant program consisted of cereal rye terminated 7 d after planting (DAP) + a postemergence application. In the delayed program, saflufenacil was applied in April and cereal rye was terminated 21 DAP, and there was no postemergence application. Giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.) density was reduced by the presence of cereal rye, averaged over other factors, regardless of seeding rate. Cereal rye seeding rate did not affect giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) density. The delayed management program was generally associated with the lowest weed density, but weed density was often similar in the postplant program. Setaria faberi density was lower in treatments that included a residual herbicide. Residual soybean herbicide use did not affect density of A. trifida. Terminating cereal rye after soybean planting resulted in increased soybean yield in 2019 and reduced yield in 2020, compared with preplant rye termination. These data suggest that adjusting the cereal rye management program may have a greater effect on weed suppression than adjustments to seeding rate. Delaying termination of cereal rye can aid in the suppression of weeds, but a comprehensive herbicide program was necessary to provide adequate (>85%) weed control.
Views of RNAi approaches for weed management in turfgrass systems
Authors: Ethridge Sandra R. , Grieger Khara , Locke Anna M. , Everman Wesley J. , Jordan David L. , Leon Ramon G.
Published: July 2023

Public concern regarding the use of herbicides in urban areas (e.g., golf courses, parks, lawns) is increasing. Thus, there is a need for alternative methods for weed control that are safe for the public, effective against weeds, and yet selective to turfgrass and other desirable species. New molecular tools such as ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) have the potential to meet all those requirements, but before these technologies can be implemented, it is critical to understand the perceptions of key stakeholders to facilitate adoption as well as regulatory processes. With this in mind, turfgrass system managers, such as golf course superintendents and lawn care providers, were surveyed to gain insight into the perception and potential adoption of RNAi technology for weed management. Based on survey results, turfgrass managers believe that cost of weed management and time spent managing weeds are the main challenges faced in their fields. When considering new weed management tools, survey respondents were most concerned about cost, efficacy, and efficiency of a new product. Survey respondents were also optimistic toward RNAi for weed management and would either use this technology in their own fields or be willing to conduct research to develop RNAi herbicides. Although respondents believed that the general public would have some concerns about this technology, they did not believe this to be the most important factor for them when choosing new weed management tools. The need for new herbicides to balance weed control challenges and public demands is a central factor for turfgrass managers’ willingness to use RNAi-based weed control in turfgrass systems. They believe their clientele will be accepting of RNAi tools, although further research is needed to investigate how a wider range of stakeholders perceive RNAi tools for turfgrass management more broadly.
Erfolgreich selbstständig als Coach
Authors: Grolimund Fabian
Published: July 2023

Die meisten Coachs und Trainer*innen hassen den Gedanken, sich vermarkten oder sogar verkaufen zu müssen. Sie möchten Menschen unterstützen, ohne zur/zum Selbstdarsteller*in zu werden. Die gute Nachricht dieses Buches lautet: Das ist nicht nötig.
Um als Coach oder Trainer*in erfolgreich zu werden, sollten Sie auf das setzen, was Sie am besten können: zuhören, sich einfühlen, eine Beziehung aufbauen – mit dem Unterschied, dass Sie mit Ihren potenziellen Klient*innen bereits in Beziehung treten, bevor der erste reale Kontakt stattfindet.
Klient*innen auf der Suche möchten wissen, wer Sie sind, was Sie anbieten, ob sie Sie mögen und sich auf Ihre Kompetenz verlassen können. Für Sie als Coach stellt sich die Frage, wie Sie dafür sorgen können, dass Ihre Wunschklient*innen bei ihrer Suche auf Sie stoßen und denken: „Das ist genau die richtige Person für mich und mein Anliegen."
Dieses Buch hilft Ihnen dabei, für sich zu klären, für welche Klient*innen Sie morgens gerne aufstehen möchten. Es unterstützt Sie darin, ein Angebot zu entwickeln, das einen echten Nutzen bietet, und dieses so zu beschreiben, dass es anziehend wirkt. Sie werden erkennen, dass Sie sich auch beim Marketing auf Ihre Stärken verlassen können und auf eine Art und Weise nach außen gehen dürfen, mit der Sie sich wohlfühlen.
Ratgeber Stimmenhören und andere akustische Halluzinationen
Authors: Schlier Björn , Bremenkamp Annika
Published: July 2023

Der Ratgeber bietet hilfreiche Informationen über akustische Halluzinationen bzw. Stimmenhören. Zunächst wird dargestellt, welche Formen von Stimmenhören und anderen akustischen Halluzinationen es gibt, wie die Phänomene entstehen und wie sie sich über die Zeit hinweg entwickeln. Weiterhin wird der Frage nachgegangen, ab wann und wodurch akustische Halluzinationen zu einem Problem werden können und wie Betroffene erkennen können, was ihre Halluzinationen zu einer Belastung macht.
Darauf aufbauend werden verschiedene Strategien zur Bewältigung belastender Halluzinationen vorgestellt. Ziel ist es, Betroffenen Methoden an die Hand zu geben, die sie kurzfristig bei einer akuten Belastung anwenden und mit deren Hilfe sie langfristig die Belastung durch Halluzinationen reduzieren können. Dazu werden u.a. Techniken aufgezeigt, die es ermöglichen, sich von belastenden Stimmen oder Halluzination zu distanzieren bzw. die eigene Aufmerksamkeit achtsam und konstruktiv auf sich selbst zu richten, anstatt auf die Halluzinationen. Zudem werden für den Umgang mit Stimmen Möglichkeiten beschrieben, den Stimmen selbstbewusst entgegenzutreten. Mithilfe von Übungen und Arbeitsblättern wird veranschaulicht, wie die verschiedenen Strategien zum Umgang mit belastenden Halluzinationen im Alltag umgesetzt werden können. Angehörige erhalten überdies Hinweise, wie sie Betroffene im Umgang mit akustischen Halluzinationen unterstützen können.