bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A precise performance-based reimbursement model for the multi-centre NAPKON cohorts – development and evaluation
Authors: Appel Katharina S. , Lee Chin Huang , Nunes de Miranda Susana M. , Maier Daniel , Reese Jens-Peter , Anton Gabriele , Bahmer Thomas , Ballhausen Sabrina , Balzuweit Beate , Bellinghausen Carla , Blumentritt Arne , Brechtel Markus , Chaplinskaya-Sobol Irina , Erber Johanna , Fiedler Karin , Geisler Ramsia , Heyder Ralf , Illig Thomas , Kohls Mirjam , Kollek Jenny , Krist Lilian , Lorbeer Roberto , Miljukov Olga , Mitrov Lazar , Nürnberger Carolin , Pape Christian , Pley Christina , Schäfer Christian , Schaller Jens , Schattschneider Mario , Scherer Margarete , Schulze Nick , Stahl Dana , Stubbe Hans Christian , Tamminga Thalea , Tebbe Johannes Josef , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Wiedmann Silke , Vehreschild Jörg Janne
Published: June 2024

Fair allocation of funding in multi-centre clinical studies is challenging. Models commonly used in Germany - the case fees (“fixed-rate model”, FRM) and up-front staffing and consumables (“up-front allocation model”, UFAM) lack transparency and fail to suitably accommodate variations in centre performance. We developed a performance-based reimbursement model (PBRM) with automated calculation of conducted activities and applied it to the cohorts of the National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON) within the Network of University Medicine (NUM). The study protocol activities, which were derived from data management systems, underwent validation through standardized quality checks by multiple stakeholders. The PBRM output (first funding period) was compared among centres and cohorts, and the cost-efficiency of the models was evaluated. Cases per centre varied from one to 164. The mean case reimbursement differed among the cohorts (1173.21€ [95% CI 645.68–1700.73] to 3863.43€ [95% CI 1468.89–6257.96]) and centres and mostly fell short of the expected amount. Model comparisons revealed higher cost-efficiency of the PBRM compared to FRM and UFAM, especially for low recruitment outliers. In conclusion, we have developed a reimbursement model that is transparent, accurate, and flexible. In multi-centre collaborations where heterogeneity between centres is expected, a PBRM could be used as a model to address performance discrepancies.

Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04768998; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04747366; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04679584.
Patients with gynecological malignancies are similar to other IVF patients without cancer for clinical and molecular reproductive parameters and DNA damage response pattern
Authors: Esmaeilian Yashar , Yusufoglu Sevgi , İltumur Ece , Cimen Deniz Ugurlu , Vatansever Dogan , Taskiran Cagatay , Turan Volkan , Yakin Kayhan , İncir Said , Urman Bulent , Oktem Ozgur
Published: June 2024

This study intended to investigate if gynecological cancers compromise ovarian function and reduce the success of assisted reproduction techniques (ART). No clinical and molecular data together is available on this issue for gynecological or other organ cancers. Steroidogenic pathways and DNA damage response characteristics of the granulosa cells retrieved from the 39 gynecological cancer patients were analyzed together with their clinical ART characteristics in comparison to 31 control ART patients. Patients with gynecological malignancies were similar to the control IVF patients for the number of mature oocytes retrieved, fertilization rates and embryo development competency. Molecular analyses of the granulosa cells retrieved from these cancer patients did not detect any perturbations in gonadotropin receptor expression and response, sex steroid production, cholesterol utilization/storage and, DNA damage response pattern in comparison to control IVF patients without cancer. This study provides the first reassuring clinical and molecular combined data set that the presence of gynecological malignancy does not appear to have any detrimental effect on clinical IVF cycle characteristics and ovarian functioning at molecular level.
Increase in forest structural complexity along a precipitation gradient is mediated by partial harvests in temperate Patagonian forests
Authors: Soto Daniel P. , Seidel Dominik , Hernández-Moreno Ángela , Puettmann Klaus J. , Donoso Pablo J.
Published: June 2024

Increasing forest structural complexity is becoming a common goal in forestry worldwide. However, the lack of empirical quantification clouds its implementation. Here we quantified the long-term effects (> 30 y) of partial harvest on stand structural complexity and net primary productivity using the east–west precipitation gradient (318–2508 mm, mean annual precipitation-MAP) of western Patagonian as a study system. In this gradient, pairs of 1-ha plots on 20 sites (20 plots harvested and 20 plots unharvested) were installed. In each plot terrestrial laser scanning was used to quantify the stand structural complexity index (SSCI), and Sentinel satellite images to obtain the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI: proxy of net primary productivity). Generalized linear mixed-effect models were used to relate SSCI to MAP and EVI to SSCI, with harvesting as indicator variable, and site as random variable (two plots nested to same precipitation). Results showed that harvested plots on mesic-to-humid sites (but not on dry sites) had higher SSCI and EVI values compared to unharvested plots, likely due to a greater vertical canopy packing. These results show the influence of precipitation on SSCI, which resulted in a more diversified stand structure and higher EVI. Such insights support site-specific management aimed to increase forest structural complexity.
High-resolution adaptive optics-trans-scleral flood illumination (AO-TFI) imaging of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR)
Authors: Govindahari Vishal , Dornier Rémy , Ferdowsi Sohrab , Moser Christophe , Mantel Irmela , Behar-Cohen Francine , Kowalczuk Laura
Published: June 2024

This study aims to correlate adaptive optics-transscleral flood illumination (AO-TFI) images of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) with standard clinical images and compare cell morphological features with those of healthy eyes. After stitching 125 AO-TFI images acquired in CSCR eyes (including 6 active CSCR, 15 resolved CSCR, and 3 from healthy contralateral), 24 montages were correlated with blue-autofluorescence, infrared and optical coherence tomography images. All 68 AO-TFI images acquired in pathological areas exhibited significant RPE contrast changes. Among the 52 healthy areas in clinical images, AO-TFI revealed a normal RPE mosaic in 62% of the images and an altered RPE pattern in 38% of the images. Morphological features of the RPE cells were quantified in 54 AO-TFI images depicting clinically normal areas (from 12 CSCR eyes). Comparison with data from 149 AO-TFI images acquired in 33 healthy eyes revealed significantly increased morphological heterogeneity. In CSCR, AO-TFI not only enabled high-resolution imaging of outer retinal alterations, but also revealed RPE abnormalities undetectable by all other imaging modalities. Further studies are required to estimate the prognosis value of these abnormalities. Imaging of the RPE using AO-TFI holds great promise for improving our understanding of the CSCR pathogenesis.
Minimization of heavy metal toxicity in radish (Raphanus sativus) by strigolactone and biochar
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Danish Subhan , Mubeen Sidra , Dawar Khadim , Fahad Shah , Hasnain Zuhair , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Almoallim Hesham S.
Published: June 2024

Due to the high solubility of Cd in water, it is considered a potential toxin which can cause cancer in humans. In plants, it is associated with the development of oxidative stress due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. To overcome this issue, the roles of different plant hormones are vital. Strigolactones, one of such natural plant hormones, show promise in alleviating cadmium toxicity by mitigating its harmful effects. Acidified biochar (AB) can also effectively mitigate cadmium toxicity via ion adsorption and pH buffering. However, the combined effects of strigolactone and AB still need in-depth investigations in the context of existing literature. This study aimed to assess the individual and combined impacts of SLs (0 and 25 µM) and AB (0 and 0.75% w/w) on radish growth under Cd toxicity, i.e., 0 and 20 mg Cd/kg soil. Using a fully randomized design (CRD), each treatment was administered in four replicates. In comparison to the control under 20 mg Cd/kg soil contamination, the results showed that 25 µM strigolactone + 0.75% AB significantly improved the following: radish shoot length (~ 17%), root length (~ 47%), plant fresh weight (~ 28%), plant dry weight (~ 96%), chlorophyll a (~ 43%), chlorophyll b (~ 31%), and total chlorophyll (~ 37%). It was also noted that 0.75% AB was more pronounced in decreasing antioxidant activities than 25 µM strigolactone under 20 mg Cd/ kg soil toxicity. However, performing 25 µM strigolactone + 0.75% AB was far better than the sole application of 25 µM strigolactone and 0.75% AB in decreasing antioxidant activities in radish plants. In conclusion, by regulating antioxidant activities, 25 µM strigolactone + 0.75% AB can increase radish growth in cadmium-contaminated soils.
Diffusion model-based probabilistic downscaling for 180-year East Asian climate reconstruction
Authors: Ling Fenghua , Lu Zeyu , Luo Jing-Jia , Bai Lei , Behera Swadhin K. , Jin Dachao , Pan Baoxiang , Jiang Huidong , Yamagata Toshio
Published: June 2024

As our planet is entering into the “global boiling” era, understanding regional climate change becomes imperative. Effective downscaling methods that provide localized insights are crucial for this target. Traditional approaches, including computationally-demanding regional dynamical models or statistical downscaling frameworks, are often susceptible to the influence of downscaling uncertainty. Here, we address these limitations by introducing a diffusion probabilistic downscaling model (DPDM) into the meteorological field. This model can efficiently transform data from 1° to 0.1° resolution. Compared with deterministic downscaling schemes, it not only has more accurate local details, but also can generate a large number of ensemble members based on probability distribution sampling to evaluate the uncertainty of downscaling. Additionally, we apply the model to generate a 180-year dataset of monthly surface variables in East Asia, offering a more detailed perspective for understanding local scale climate change over the past centuries.
Crucial role of sea surface temperature warming patterns in near-term high-impact weather and climate projection
Authors: Zhao Ming , Knutson Thomas
Published: June 2024

Recent studies indicate that virtually all global climate models (GCMs) have had difficulty simulating sea surface temperature (SST) trend patterns over the past four decades. GCMs produce enhanced warming in the eastern Equatorial Pacific (EPAC) and Southern Ocean (SO) warming, while observations show intensified warming in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) and slight cooling in the eastern EPAC and SO. Using Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory’s latest higher resolution atmospheric model and coupled prediction system, we show the model biases in SST trend pattern have profound implications for near-term projections of high-impact storm statistics, including the frequency of atmospheric rivers (AR), tropical storms (TS) and mesoscale convection systems (MCS), as well as for hydrological and climate sensitivity. If the future SST warming pattern continues to resemble the observed pattern from the past few decades rather than the GCM simulated/predicted patterns, our results suggest (1) a drastically different future projection of high-impact storms and their associated hydroclimate changes, especially over the Western Hemisphere, (2) a stronger global hydrological sensitivity, and (3) substantially less global warming due to stronger negative feedback and lower climate sensitivity. The roles of SST trend patterns over the EPAC, IPWP, SO, and the North Atlantic tropical cyclone Main Development Region (AMDR) are isolated, quantified, and used to understand the simulated differences. Specifically, SST trend patterns in the EPAC and AMDR are crucial for modeled differences in AR and MCS frequency, while those in the IPWP and AMDR are essential for differences in TS frequency over the North Atlantic.
U-Pb geochronology reveals that hydrothermal dolomitization was coeval to the deposition of the Burgess Shale lagerstätte
Authors: McCormick Cole A. , Corlett Hilary , Roberts Nick M. W. , Johnston Paul A. , Collom Christopher J. , Stacey Jack , Koeshidayatullah Ardiansyah , Hollis Cathy
Published: June 2024

Fault-controlled, hydrothermal dolomitization often occurs at margins between shallow-water carbonate platforms and deep-water sedimentary basins. In western Canada, for example, the platform margin between the Cathedral Formation and the Burgess Shale Formation has been dolomitized at temperatures up to ~200 °C, with local magnesite, talc, and clinochlore mineralization. At the same time, the Burgess Shale Formation includes exceptional fossils that provide key evidence of the radiation of the animal phyla during the Cambrian Period (541 to 485.4 Ma). This lagerstätte and Mg-rich minerals within the adjacent and underlying strata, however, have been critically understudied. Here we show, using carbonate U-Pb geochronology, that western Canada was tectonically active and subject to hydrothermal dolomitization during the Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian Epoch) to Middle Ordovician (488.1 ± 18.8 Ma). These results extend the latest stages of rifting along the western margin of Laurentia into the Paleozoic, while also suggesting that the dolomitization of the Cathedral Formation occurred at the same time as the deposition of the Burgess Shale lagerstätte.
Integrated actions across multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs) can help address coastal ocean acidification
Authors: Vargas Cristian A. , Gelcich Stefan
Published: June 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations in 2015 constitute a set of 17 global goals established as a blueprint for achieving a more sustainable and equitable world for humanity. As part of the SDGs, target 14.3 is focuses on minimizing and addressing the impacts of Ocean Acidification (OA). We argue that moving forward in meeting the targets related to pH levels in the coastal ocean can be facilitated through accounting for various drivers of pH change, which are associated with advancing a suite of SDG goals. Addressing ‘coastal acidification’ via a suite of linked SDGs may help avoid inaction through connecting global phenomena with local impacts and drivers. This in turn can provide opportunities for designing novel place-based actions or partnerships that can aid and provide synergies for the joint implementation of programs and policies that tackle a suite of SDGs and the specific targets related to coastal ocean pH.
Promoted oxygen reduction performance enabled by Co/Cu nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanotubes for long-life flexible and rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Hong Nianhao , Liu Xiaochao , Li Xiaoxiao , Peng Siyuan , Liu Chao , Li Huan , Zeng Jinming , Liang Tongxiang , Qi Xiaopeng
Published: June 2024

A simple and inexpensive method to prepare efficient bifunctional nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube-encapsulated copper and cobalt nanoparticle catalysts.
Digital surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for quantifiable single molecule detection in flow
Authors: Schorr Hannah C. , Schultz Zachary D.
Published: June 2024

Event counting at low concentrations enables the quantitative surface enhanced Raman scattering detection of single molecules in flowing solutions.
Structural superlubricity at the interface of penta-BN2
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Hanyue , Zhang Xinqi , Cao Tengfei , Shi Junqi , Fan Xiaoli
Published: June 2024

We analyzed the properties and performance of penta-BN2 as a lubricant at the nanoscale. Our results indicate that 2D penta-BN2 demonstrates excellent performance as a solid lubricant and has good applicability under complex working conditions.
Green synthesis of lactic acid and carbon dots using food waste and seashell waste
Authors: Mou Jin-Hua , Ouyang Ling-Feng , Qin Zi-Hao , Miao Ya-Hui , Jiang Xin-Tian , Jong Mui-Choo , Tang Man-Chung , Du Chenyu , Chen Season Si , Lin Carol Sze Ki
Published: June 2024

Novel utilisation of seashell waste in lactic acid fermentation, showcasing fluorescent carbon quantum dots synthesised from cell biomass.
Direct determination of 237Np in nuclear effluent by ICP-MS/MS
Authors: Habibi A. , Varela D. Dias , Baconet I. , Haloche D. , Jaegler H. , Augeray C. , Morin M.
Published: June 2024

A new method for the rapid quantification of neptunium 237 in nuclear effluent was developed.
Quality control in workshop production of NdFeB magnetic materials using an LIBS rare earth magnet instrument
Authors: Chen Guanyu , Su Bohao , Qu Dongming , Jin Xueying , Yang Guang , Li Qingkai , Wang Tao
Published: June 2024

An LIBS rare earth magnet online measuring instrument was used to classify and test NdFeB crude samples produced in the Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute workshop. The classification accuracy was increased from 87.14% to 99.05%.
Acoustofluidic-based microscopic examination for automated and point-of-care urinalysis
Authors: He Xin , Ren Feng , Wang Yangyang , Zhang Zhiyuan , Zhou Jiming , Huang Jian , Cao Shuye , Dong Jinying , Wang Renxin , Wu Mengxi , Liu Junshan
Published: June 2024

We design an acoustofluidic-based automated and point-of-care system that can achieve urinalysis within 3 minutes.
What is the impact of plastic deformation on cytocompatibility of biodegradable Zn–Mg alloys?
Authors: Wojtas Daniel , Trembecka-Wójciga Klaudia , Gieleciak Magdalena , Bigos Agnieszka , Brudecki Kamil , Przybysz-Gloc Sylwia , Schirhagl Romana , Mzyk Aldona , Jarzębska Anna
Published: June 2024

T1 relaxometry revealed the impact of plastic deformation on the cytocompatibility of biodegradable Zn–Mg alloy, i.e., the elevated production of free radicals in endothelial cells, the phenomenon associated with stable material degradation.
Direct ink writing of porous shape memory polyesters
Authors: Raghuvaran Greeshma , Nitschke Brandon M. , Roberts Courteney T. , Grunlan Melissa A. , Pentzer Emily
Published: June 2024

In this study, the direct ink write (DIW) additive manufacturing technique is employed to print “self-fitting” shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds with requisite porosity from biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone)-diacrylate (PCL-DA)-based polymers.
A comprehensive framework for managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: analyzing novel risk factors and advances in nanotechnology-based treatments and diagnosis
Authors: Chávez-López Lucia M. , Carballo-López Gabriela I. , Lugo-Ibarra Karina del Carmen , Castro-Ceseña Ana B.
Published: June 2024

The review underscores the need for continuous exploration and innovation, balancing the benefits and challenges of nanotechnology, to combat MASLD and improve patient outcomes comprehensively.
Subcritical water digestion of woody biomass: extraction of cellulose nanomaterials under acid-lean condition
Authors: Osei-Bonsu Ruby , Hoque Mahfuzul , McMichael Philip S. , Foster E. Johan
Published: June 2024

Digestion of woody biomass to produce cellulose nanocrystals via acid-catalyzed subcritical water technology.
Bionic dual-scale structured films for efficient passive radiative cooling accompanied by robust durability
Authors: Zhang Renwei , Sun Ningning , Zhao Zehong , Wang Shixu , Zhang Mengfan , Zhao Lei , Liu Yahua , Feng Shile
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate bionic dual-scale structured films for efficient passive radiative cooling accompanied by robust durability.
Unsymmetrical substituted steric terfluorenes for solution-processed narrowband deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes with CIEy = 0.06
Authors: Yu Ningning , Chen Wenyu , Li Mengyuan , Lin Yingru , Du Xinyu , Zheng Yingying , Yang Jing , Huang Wenxin , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Wei Chuanxin , An Xiang , Han Yamin , Bai Lubing , Li Jiewei , Ding Xuehua , Liu Heyuan , Xu Man , Huang Wei , Lin Jinyi
Published: June 2024

Multiple-site functionalization of fluorene-based molecules can not only obtain robust deep-blue electroluminescent behavior but also enhance the film-forming ability to manufacture large-area film via solution processing technology.
A pyrene–calix[4]triazolium conjugate for fluorescence recognition of hydrogen sulfate
Authors: Cho Jihee , Parida Rakesh , Lim Changhyun , Lee Jin Yong , Kim Jong Seung , Kim Sanghee
Published: June 2024

A photoinduced electron transfer (PET) based pyrene–calix[4]triazolium conjugate was developed that exhibits selective turn-on fluorescence for HSO4−.
A enzyme-free fluorescence quenching sensor for amplified detection of kanamycin in milk based on competitive triggering strategies
Authors: Bao Yangyinchun , Sang Yidan , Yan Xuemei , Hu Mengyang , Wang Na , Dong Yafei , Wang Luhui
Published: June 2024

In this work, we constructed a FAM fluorescence quenching biosensor based on an aptamer competition recognition and enzyme-free amplification strategy.
Perfluoro-1-butanesulfonic acid etching strategy for dendrite suppression in aqueous zinc metal batteries
Authors: Chen Wanhao , Zhu Changhao , Xu Xinnan , Liu Xuejun
Published: June 2024

Perfluoro-1-butanesulfonic acid (PFBS) was used to etch on the surface of a zinc anode to introduce a 3D C4F9O3S–Zn interface layer with unique fluorine groups (Zn@PFBS) to inhibit the formation of dendrites.
Ammonia-free synthesis of lithium manganese iron phosphate cathodes via a co-precipitation reaction
Authors: Vanaphuti Panawan , Scanlan Kevin , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: June 2024

A novel precursor phase (Mn, Fe)5(PO4)2(HPO4)2·4H2O is introduced with a co-precipitation reaction, enabling a low-cost, sustainable, scalable production of LMFP cathodes exhibiting excellent cycling stability with good tap density.
In situ investigation of moisture sorption mechanism in fuel cell catalyst layers
Authors: Planes Emilie , Peet Joseph , Brubach Jean-Blaise , Porcar Lionel , De Moor Gilles , Iojoiu Cristina , Lyonnard Sandrine
Published: June 2024

Research focusing on catalyst layers is critical for enhancing the performance and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
Reconstruction of rough surfaces from a single receiver at grazing angle
Authors: Chen Yuxuan , Spivack Mark , Rath Spivack Orsola
Published: June 2024

This article develops a method for recovering a one‐dimensional rough surface profile from scattered wave field, using a single receiver and repeated measurements when the surface is moving with respect to source and receiver. This extends a previously introduced marching method utilizing low grazing angles, and addresses the key issue of the requirement for many simultaneous receivers. The algorithm recovers the surface height below the receiver point step‐by‐step as the surface is moved, using the parabolic wave integral equations. Numerical examples of reconstructed surfaces demonstrate that the method is robust in both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, and with respect to different roughness characteristics and measurement noise.
Scattering properties of protoplanetary dust analogs with microwave analogy: Rough compact grains
Authors: Tobon Valencia Vanesa , Geffrin Jean-Michel , Ménard François , Milli Julien , Renard Jean-Baptiste , Tortel Hervé , Litman Amélie
Published: June 2024

Context. Scattering simulations of perfect spheres are not sufficient to explain the observations of scattered light from protoplanetary and debris disks, especially when the dust sizes are on the same order of magnitude as the wavelength used to perform the observations. Moreover, examples of grains collected from the Solar System have proved that the morphology of interstellar dust is irregular. These pieces of evidence lead us to consider that the morphologies of the dust that participates in these circumstellar disks are more complex than those of spheres.

Aims. We aim to measure and simulate the scattering properties of six rough compact grains to identify how their morphology affects their scattering properties. These grains are intended to be dust analogs of protoplanetary and debris disks. Their convexity ranges from 75% to 99%.

Methods. Grains were 3D printed using stereolithography, and their shape and refractive index were controlled. These analogs were measured with our microwave-scattering experiment (microwave analogy) at wavelengths ranging from 16.7 mm to 100 mm, leading to size parameters from X = 1.07 to X = 7.73. In parallel, their scattering properties were simulated with our finite-element method (FEM), which contained the same geometric file as the 3D printed grains.

Results. We retrieved five scattering properties of these grains, that is, the phase function, the degree of linear polarization (DLP), and three other Mueller matrix elements 〈Sij〉. Two types of studies were performed. First, a study of the scattering properties averaged over several orientations of grains at different wavelengths. Second, a study of the same scattering properties, for which a power-law size distribution effect was applied.

Conclusions. The very good correspondence between the measured and simulated Mueller matrix elements demonstrated the accuracy of our measurement setup and the efficiency of our FEM simulations. For the first study, DLP proved to be a good indicator of the grain morphology in terms of convexity and shape anisotropy. For the second study, backscattering enhancements of the phase function were related to the grain convexity. The maximum DLP and its negative polarization branches as well as the 〈S22〉/〈S11〉 levels were related to the shape anisotropy of our grains.
Ingot-like class of wavefront sensors for laser guide stars
Authors: Ragazzoni R. , Portaluri E. , Greggio D. , Dima M. , Arcidiacono C. , Bergomi M. , Di Filippo S. , Gomes Machado T. S. , Santhakumari K. K. R. , Viotto V. , Battaini F. , Carolo E. , Chinellato S. , Farinato J. , Magrin D. , Marafatto L. , Umbriaco G. , Vassallo D.
Published: June 2024

Context. Full sky coverage adaptive optics (AO) on extremely large telescopes requires the adoption of several laser guide stars as references. With such large apertures, the apparent elongation of the beacons is absolutely significant. With a few exceptions, wavefront sensors (WFSs) designed for natural guide stars can be adapted and used in suboptimal mode in this context.

Aims. We analyse and describe the geometrical properties of a class of WFSs that are specifically designed to deal with laser guide stars propagated from a location in the immediate vicinity of the telescope aperture.

Methods. We describe, in three dimensions, the loci where the light of the laser guide stars would focus in the focal volume located behind the focal plane where astronomical objects are reimaged. We also describe the properties of several types of optomechanical devices that act as perturbers for this new class of pupil plane sensors, through refraction and reflections. We refer to these as ingot WFSs.

Results. We provide the recipes both for the most reasonably complex version of these WFSs, with six pupils and, for the simplest one, only three pupils. Both of them are referred to on the basis of the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) case. We outlined elements that are meant to give a qualitative idea of how the sensitivity of this new class of sensors compares to conventional ones.

Conclusions. We present a new class of WFSs, based on an extension to the case of elongated sources at a finite distance of the pyramid WFS. We point out which advantages of the pyramid can be retained and how it may be adopted to optimize the sensing procedure.
The low-frequency power spectrum of slow solar wind turbulence
Authors: Dorseth Mason , Perez Jean C. , Bourouaine Sofiane , Palacios Juan C. , Raouafi Nour E.
Published: June 2024

An important challenge in the accurate estimation of power spectra of plasma fluctuations in the solar wind at very low frequencies is that it requires extremely long signals, which will necessarily contain a mixture of qualitatively different solar wind streams, such as fast and slow wind streams, different magnetic polarities, or a mixture of compressible and incompressible fluctuations, along with other transient structures. This mixture of streams with qualitatively different properties unavoidably affects the structure of the power spectra by conflating all these different properties into a single power spectrum. In this work, we present a conditional statistical analysis that allows us to accurately estimate the power spectrum, at arbitrarily low frequencies, for “pure” slow solar wind streams, defined as those for which the solar wind speed is below 500 km s−1. The conditional analysis is based on the estimation of autocorrelation functions (ACF) of arbitrarily long but discontiguous signals, which result from excluding portions of the signal that do not satisfy the required properties. We use numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence and magnetic field signals from the Wind spacecraft to test the estimator’s convergence to its true ensemble-averaged counterpart. Finally, we use this methodology on a fourteen-year-long Wind data interval to obtain the magnetic power spectrum of slow wind at extremely low frequencies. We show, for the first time, a full 1/f range in the slow wind, with a low-frequency spectral break below which the spectrum flattens and exhibits a well-defined peak at the solar rotation frequency.
Efficiency of black hole formation via collisions in stellar systems
Authors: Vergara M. C. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Escala A. , Reinoso B. , Flammini Dotti F. , Kamlah A. W. H. , Liempi M. , Hoyer N. , Neumayer N. , Spurzem R.
Published: June 2024

Context. This paper explores the theoretical relation between star clusters and black holes within them, focusing on the potential role of nuclear star clusters (NSCS), globular clusters (GCS), and ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDS) as environments that allow for black hole formation via stellar collisions.

Aims. This study aims to identify the optimal conditions for stellar collisions across a range of stellar systems, leading to the formation of very massive stars that subsequently collapse into black holes. We analyze data from numerical simulations and observations of diverse stellar systems, encompassing various initial conditions, initial mass functions, and evolution scenarios.

Methods. We computed a critical mass, determined by the interplay of the collision time, system age, and initial properties of the star cluster. The efficiency of black hole formation (ϵBH) is defined as the ratio of initial stellar mass divided by the critical mass.

Results. We find that stellar systems with a ratio of initial stellar mass over critical mass above 1 exhibit a high efficiency in terms of black hole formation, ranging from 30 − 100%. While there is some scatter, potentially attributed to complex system histories and the presence of gas, the results highlight the potential for achieving high efficiencies via a purely collisional channel in black hole formation.

Conclusions. In conclusion, this theoretical exploration elucidates the connection between star clusters and black hole formation. The study underscores the significance of UCDS, GCS, and NSCS as environments conducive to the black hole formation scenario via stellar collisions. The defined black hole formation efficiency (ϵBH) is shown to be influenced by the ratio of the initial stellar mass to the critical mass.
Search and analysis of giant radio galaxies with associated nuclei (SAGAN)
Authors: Sankhyayan Shishir , Dabhade Pratik
Published: June 2024

We investigated the prevalence of giant radio galaxies (GRGs), some of the largest structures powered by supermassive black holes, within supercluster environments, and the influence of such environments on their properties. Utilising two large catalogues of superclusters (401) and GRGs (1446), we established the existence of 77 GRGs (5.3%) residing in 64 superclusters (16%) within 0.05 ≤ z ≤ 0.42. Among the 77 GRGs found in superclusters, we identified ∼70% as residing within galaxy clusters. Within the subset of GRGs not located in superclusters, which constitutes 94.7% of the sample, a mere 21% are associated with galaxy clusters, while the remaining majority are situated in sparser environments. We examined the influence of differing environments, such as cluster versus non-cluster and supercluster versus non-supercluster regions, on the size of GRGs, while also exploring the driving factors behind their overall growth. Our findings show that the largest GRGs (≳3 Mpc) grow in underdense environments beyond the confines of dense environments. Moreover, we show that ∼24% of 1446 GRGs reside in galaxy clusters. We conclude that GRGs preferentially grow in sparser regions of the cosmic web and have a significantly larger median size. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of GRGs as astrophysical probes with specific cases where GRGs, exhibiting polarised emissions and located behind superclusters (acting as natural Faraday screens), were used to estimate magnetic field strengths of the supercluster environment at sub-microgauss levels.
A simple prediction of the nonlinear matter power spectrum in Brans–Dicke gravity from linear theory
Authors: Sletmoen Herman , Winther Hans A.
Published: June 2024

Brans–Dicke (BD), one of the first proposed scalar-tensor theories of gravity, effectively makes the gravitational constant of general relativity (GR) time-dependent. Constraints on the BD parameterωserve as a benchmark for testing GR, which is recovered in the limitω → ∞. Current small-scale astrophysical constraintsω ≳ 105are much tighter than large-scale cosmological constraintsω ≳ 103, but the two decouple if the true theory of gravity features screening. On the largest cosmological scales, BD approximates the most general second-order scalar–tensor (Horndeski) theory, so constraints here have wider implications. These constraints will improve with upcoming large-scale structure and cosmic microwave background surveys. To constrain BD with weak gravitational lensing, one needs its nonlinear matter power spectrumPBD. By comparing the boostB = PBD/PGRfrom linear theory and nonlinearN-body simulations, we show that the nonlinear boost can simply be predicted from linear theory if the BD and GR universes are parameterized in a way that makes their early cosmological evolution and quasilinear power today similar. In particular, they need the sameH0/√Geff(a = 0) andσ8, whereGeffis the (effective) gravitational strength. Our prediction is 1% accurate forω ≥ 100,z ≤ 3, andk ≤ 1 h/Mpc; and 2% up tok ≤ 5 h/Mpc. It also holds forGBDthat do not match Newton’s constant today, so one can study GR with different gravitational constantsGGRby sendingω → ∞. We provide a code that computesBwith the linear Einstein-Boltzmann solverHI_CLASSand multiplies it by the nonlinearPGRfrom EUCLIDEMULATOR2 to predictPBD.
Can the splashback radius be an observable boundary of galaxy clusters?
Authors: Lebeau Théo , Ettori Stefano , Aghanim Nabila , Sorce Jenny G.
Published: June 2024

The splashback radius was proposed as a physically motivated boundary of clusters as it sets the limit between the infalling and the orbitally dominated regions. However, galaxy clusters are complex objects connected to filaments of the cosmic web from which they accrete matter that disturbs them and modifies their morphology. In this context, estimating the splashback radius and the cluster boundary becomes challenging. In this work, we use a constrained hydrodynamical simulation replicating the Virgo cluster embedded in its large-scale structure to investigate the impact of its local environment on the splashback radius estimate. We identify the splashback radius from 3D radial profiles of dark matter density, gas density, and pressure in three regions representative of different dynamical states: accretion from spherical collapse, filaments, and matter outflow. We also identify the splashback radius from 2D-projected radial profiles of observation-like quantities: mass surface density, emission measure, and Compton-y. We show that the splashback radius mainly depends on the dynamics in each region and the physical processes traced by the different probes. We find multiple values for the splashback radius ranging from 3.3 ± 0.2 to 5.5 ± 0.3 Mpc. In particular, in the regions of collapsing and outflowing materials, the splashback radii estimated from gas density and pressure radial profiles overestimate that of the dark matter density profiles, which is considered the reference value given that the splashback radius was originally defined from dark matter simulations in pioneering works. Consequently, caution is required when using the splashback radius as a boundary of clusters, particularly in the case of highly disturbed clusters like Virgo. We conclude with a discussion of the detection of the splashback radius from pressure radial profiles, which could be more related to an accretion shock, and its detection from stacked radial profiles.
The Impact of Industrial Activities on Soil Pollution Using Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: kareem Hawraa A. , Hassan Aboud Lazem , Asaad Muhmood Asmahan
Published: June 2024

The study aimed to assess the elemental composition and pollution levels in soil samples collected from various factories in different governorates of Iraq. The specific factories investigated were a cement factory in Diwaniyah governorate, a coal factory in Karbala governorate, and napo river in hilla governorate. To analyze the soil samples and identify the presence of different elements and pollutants, the researchers employed a technique called Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). LIBS is a spectroscopic method that uses a laser to generate a plasma in the sample, and the emitted light from the plasma is analyzed to determine the elemental composition. The intensity of Cu, Si, Ca, Au, and Dy was found to be high, indicating their relatively higher concentration in the soil samples. On the other hand, the remaining elements exhibited medium to low-intensity levels, suggesting lower concentrations of those elements in the samples. Furthermore, when the LIBS technique was applied to study the environmental conditions around the nearby factories, the consistent presence of Ti (titanium) and Fe (iron) was observed in all the samples examined. Overall, the study provides important information about the elemental composition and pollution levels in soil samples collected from different factories in Iraq. The results highlight the presence of specific elements and their varying intensities, indicating the potential impact of these factories on the surrounding environment.
Socio-economic aspects of municipal development with consideration to the urban environment quality index
Authors: Dvoryadkina Elena , Ermakova Anna , Istomina Natalia
Published: June 2024

The article examines the socio-economic aspects of the municipal development, taking into account the quality index of the urban environment. The authors identified problematic aspects of the municipality, and then determined the main directions that contribute to the development of comfortable life and the growth of population well-being. Thanks to these proposals, the municipality will be able to enter the ranking of cities in terms of living comfort.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Big Data-driven Strategies for Enhancing Economic Sustainability in the Era of Green Development
Authors: Wang Haojie
Published: June 2024

In the age of Green Development, the Internet has revolutionized the outdated economic model with its one-sided transactions and limited information flow. The Information Age introduces a new economic paradigm, where online platforms are vital for economic growth and innovation. However, challenges like market saturation and dominance by a few online giants hinder smaller businesses. To overcome these hurdles, a thorough examination of the economic landscape through big data is essential. This research utilizes big data to analyze and improve network platforms, focusing on factors such as economic growth, real-time resource allocation, customer acquisition, and pricing. Results show that platforms using big data achieve remarkable efficiency in resource allocation, outperforming traditional platforms by 93.8%. They also excel in customer mining and flexible pricing, leading to a growth economy 65.7 times faster than traditional models. A novel strategy emerges: proactive resource allocation and deep exploration of platform data to catalyze platform economy growth, ensuring its sustainability in Green Development.
Inventory of biological diversity of algae flora of reservoirs of southern Kyrgyzstan and its sustainable development
Authors: Alimjanova Kholishon Alimjanovna , Shayimkulova Minabar Abduvaitovna
Published: June 2024

The article provides data on the inventory of the biological diversity of algae flora in water bodies of Southern Kyrgyzstan and its sustainable development. During 1998-2005, 2019-2023, we conducted a study of the biological diversity of algae flora in reservoirs of southern Kyrgyzstan, such as the Akbuury River and its tributaries, the Papan Reservoir, the Naryn and Kara-Darya rivers, hot springs, the Isfayramsay, Isfara, Shakhimardansay, Sokh , Aravansay, Naukatsai rivers, and also studied the flora algae of rice fields, fish ponds, treatment facilities, Aravanakbuurynsky, Otuzadyr, Yakkalyk, Jupas, Kayirma canals and others, which are located in three regions of Osh, Jalalabad and Batkent regions of Southern Kyrgyzstan. The results of the study show that in these studied years, when inventorying the algae flora of the reservoirs of southern Kyrgyzstan, 697 species, variations and forms of algae were discovered. During 1970-1995, B. Karimov studied the algae flora of reservoirs of southern Kyrgyzstan such as the Gulcha River, thermal springs, lakes Kulun, Karasuu, Sary-Chelek, ponds of the Uzgen fish farm, the basin of the Karadarya, Kara-Unkur, Karasuu, Akbuura rivers, as well the Kyrgyz-Ata, Abshirsai basins, the Kyzylsuu and Kurshab river basins, the Naiman and Turtkul reservoirs, as a result of the author’s research, 665 species, variations and forms of algae were discovered. For the first time, we combined the results of these two works - ours and the work of B. Karimova and compiled a general comparative floristic list of algae in the reservoirs of southern Kyrgyzstan. As a result of the inventory, it was found that 850 species, variations and forms of algae are common in the water bodies of southern Kyrgyzstan, of which the dominant leading divisions in terms of quantity are Bacillariophyta, which has 464 species, variations and forms of algae, followed by the subdominant divisions - Chlorophyta (177), Cyanophyta (165), in other divisions of algae the number of species is very scarce (Euglenophyta - 12, Xanthophyta - 10, Chrysophyta - 7, Pyrrophyta and Rhodophyta - 6 each, Charophyta - 3). To preserve the natural riches of the algae flora of water bodies and their sustainable development, it is recommended to protect water bodies from incoming contaminated wastewater containing toxic chemicals.
Soil algae discovered in the soils of the mountainous region of the Fergana Valley
Authors: Khusanova Onarkhon Gaibullaevna , Botirzhon kizi Rakhimova Zulfiya , Uzokova Ziyoda Abdugafforovna , Alikhanov Salokhiddin Muhammadsolievich , Yokubzhanov Mukhsinjon Orifjon ugli
Published: June 2024

This article examines the agrochemical analysis of soil and soil algae of Nanay-Zarkent in northern Fergana, the Pidir cave in southern Fergana, the Karatog ridge in eastern Fergana, and the Chorkesar mountains in western Fergana. It has been established that dominance and diversity are found in the Cyanophyta section, and 104 species and varieties of soil algae have been found in mountainous areas. It is noted that they consist of 6 groups (Cyanophyta, Xanthophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, and Cryptophyta), 9 classes, 21 orders, 42 families, 53 genera, 104 species, 1 variation, and 14 forms.
Analysis of Species of Astragalus L. types distribution in flora sands
Authors: Matvafayeva Marxamat , Atabek Alimov , Mamarakhimov Oybek Muratovich , Rustamova Rano Parpievna , Ismailova Arofat Mirzakhidovna
Published: June 2024

The article presents the analysis of astragalus L. species distributed in the flora of the sands of Uzbekistan. According to the analysis pf herbarium specimens stored in the unique scientific facility of the National Herbarium of Uzbekistan (NHU), scientific resources, and the results of field-based research, it has been found for the first time that 33 varieties of psammophilous species grow in the sandy areas.
Comparison of the quality indicators of K-Pac samples obtained compasitely from husks and textile cellulose
Authors: Endeshe uulu Erlan , Abdyrakhmanova Burulai Suyunbaevna , Boronova Zyinat Samidinovna , Yakubova Nargiza Rustamovna , Murodov Muzaffar Murodovich
Published: June 2024

It is known that in the process of establishing oil and gas wells and later during the initial process of its excavation, drilling fluids are naturally required to be extremely stable and durable. Such stability and tolerance are characterized by increasing the density of drilling solutions. If the work of increasing the phase density of the drilling fluids is not intensified, there is a high probability that the walls of the well will cause various salts and various surface and underground waters to be mixed in the well zone. Ways to eliminate such negative consequences have been solved by scientists and technologists of the field by introducing various dry and thick bentonites into the drilling solution.
Greening development prospects of urban settlements in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Momosheva Guliza , Nizamiev Abdurashit , Artykbaeva Sonunbu , Daovlatova Feruza
Published: June 2024

This article explores the greening development prospects of urban settlements in Kyrgyzstan. Environmental issues in such communities are analyzed in the context of the environmental sustainability improvement necessity. The importance of cooperation between local authorities, the business community and the public for the successful implementation of the concept of greening development is noted. The authors analyze the current state of the environmental situation in the region, identify the main problems and challenges that cities face in the context of sustainable development. The article also discusses the possibilities of solving environmental problems, and also offers practical recommendations for improving the urban environmental situation. Solutions for creating environmentally friendly and sustainable living conditions in urban areas are proposed. The proposals and recommendations set out in the work are the basis for the development and implementation of programs and projects aimed at protecting the environment and promoting the sustainable urban development in Kyrgyzstan.
World map of green building: Bibliographic analysis of trends
Authors: Blaginin Victor Andreevich , Goncharova Maria Nikolaevna , Sokolova Elizaveta Vitalievna
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the current state of research in the field of green building (green OR sustainable) AND (building OR architecture), as well as a search for correlation when comparing the world map of publication activity in the field of green building with the list of leading countries implementing green projects in one of the leading certifications. The set goals are achieved by assessing the distribution of the volume of publications on green building by country and cluster analysis of scientific communications in this topic. The authors used methods of bibliometric analysis of metadata of 46 thousand documents from the Dimensions platform over 49 years. The Vosviewer software tool was used to visualize the data.