bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental set-up for the validation of phase change models in case of direct and inverse heat transfer problems
Authors: Zálešák Martin , Bouchal Patrik , Pech Ondřej , Charvát Pavel , Klimeš Lubomír
Published: July 2024

A number of models and modelling approaches for phase transitions of phase change materials (PCMs) have been proposed in recent years. However, many of these models have not been thoroughly validated with experimental data. This is in particular the case of the models for thermal hysteresis and partial phase transitions of PCMs, where the design and execution of relevant experiments is difficult. The most widely used experimental techniques for characterization of PCMs - Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and T-history method – require minimization of the temperature gradients in the test samples and thus the obtained results do not represent very well the behavior of PCMs in thermal energy storage (TES) systems (where large temperature gradients in PCMs are commonplace). An experimental set-up for the acquisition of data suitable for validation of phase change models have been proposed and assembled. The set-up can be used for the model validation in case of both the direct and inverse heat transfer problems. The set-up is based on the monitoring of the phase change front propagation in a rectangular cavity, where the positive or negative heat flux is introduced at one of the cavity walls. Such an arrangement results in (often significant) temperature gradients in a PCM. Unlike in similar experimental set-ups, where a heat transfer fluid (HTF) is used to introduce the heat flux at the wall, the Peltier cells are used in the proposed experimental set-up for this purpose. Also, most experiments reported in the literature only addressed the melting process (heating of a PCM) with the positive heat flux introduced at the wall. The Peltier cells allow for relatively quick switching between the positive and negative heat flux (heating/cooling) and as a result the thermal processes similar to real-life operation of TES systems can be investigated. The cubical cavity with 250 mm long internal edges is made of PMMA. The wall, at which the heat flux is introduced, is made of a 15 mm thick aluminum plate with embedded RTD temperature sensors for wall temperature monitoring. A heat flux sensor is installed on the side of the aluminum plate facing the PCM (the heat flux sensor covers the entire surface of the plate). An extended heat transfer surface in the form of a finned aluminum sink is installed on the Peltier cells to improve the heat transfer between the cells and the ambient environment.
Eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis – ein Übersichtsartikel
Authors: Schindler Viktoria , Venhoff Nils
Published: July 2024

Die eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA) ist eine seltene Form der ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitiden (AAV) aus der Gruppe der Kleingefäßvaskulitiden. Sie ist definiert als eine Vaskulitis kleiner und mittelgroßer Gefäße mit granulomatöser Entzündung sowie Blut- und Gewebseosinophilie. Fast alle Patienten haben allergische Symptome mit Asthma bronchiale und rhinosinusitischen Beschwerden. Das sonstige klinische Spektrum variiert je nach Lokalisation, Schweregrad und Art der Krankheitsmanifestation. Durch die eosinophile Infiltration und Inflammation kann es zu Rhinosinusitis, Pneumonitis, gastrointestinaler Beteiligung und Kardiomyopathie kommen. Insbesondere Letztere ist mit einer schlechteren Prognose assoziiert. Als nekrotisierende pauci-immune Kleingefäßvaskulitis kann die EGPA, ähnlich wie die anderen AAV, pulmonale Infiltrate mit alveolärer Hämorrhagie, eine Glomerulonephritis, kutane Vaskulitis mit Purpura, sowie zentrale und periphere neurologische Schädigungen verursachen. Das Auftreten perinukleärer ANCA (pANCA), mit Spezifität gegen die Myeloperoxidase (MPO) wird in etwa einem Drittel der Fälle beobachtet, ist allerdings nicht spezifisch für die EGPA. MPO-ANCA-positive Patienten haben häufiger eine periphere neurologische Beteiligung und eine Glomerulonephritis, während ANCA-negative Patienten häufiger eine kardiale und pulmonale Beteiligung aufweisen. Eine differentialdiagnostische Herausforderung im klinischen Alltag stellt die Abgrenzung zum hypereosinophilen Syndrom (HES) dar. Das Therapiekonzept der EGPA hängt davon ab, ob der Schweregrad der Erkrankung potentiell Organ- oder lebensbedrohlich ist. Bei schweren Formen der EGPA werden in der Akuttherapie hauptsächlich Glukokortikoide in Kombination mit Cyclophosphamid eingesetzt. Rituximab wird mittlerweile als alternative Behandlungsoption in den Leitlinien genannt. Zur Remissionserhaltung stehen verschiedene immunsuppressive Therapien zur Verfügung. Bei EGPA ohne schwere Organbeteiligung ist die IL-5 Blockade mit Mepolizumab zugelassen.
Rheumatologische Paraneoplasie bei myelodysplastischem
Syndrom
Authors: Unger Leonore , Stölzel Ulrich , Stölzel Friedrich
Published: July 2024

Eine 79-jährige Patientin wurde unter dem Verdacht einer Polymyalgia rheumatica
bei seronegativer Rheumatoider Arthritis mehrfach mit hochdosierten
Glukokortikoiden und schließlich TNF- Blockern behandelt. Trotz dieser
intensiven Therapie litt sie weiter unter unerträglichen immobilisierenden
Myalgien und Arthralgien und benötigte zusätzlich eine kombinierte
Schmerztherapie einschließlich Opiate. Die vorher sehr aktive und sich
vollständig selbst versorgende Frau musste schließlich in ein Pflegeheim
eingewiesen werden. Von Anfang an bestand der Verdacht auf eine
myelodysplastische Neoplasie. Zunächst als MDS-MLD (MDS mit Dysplasien mehrerer
Linien) eingestuft, wurde diesbezüglich eine watch and wait- Strategie verfolgt.
Die nicht zu beherrschende Schmerzsituation führte zu engmaschigen
Wiederholungen der Knochenmarkbiopsie und letztlich zur Klassifizierung in ein
MDS-EB1 (MDS mit Blastenexzess Grad 1). Ein vermutetes Marie-Bamberger-Syndrom
konnte nicht bewiesen werden. Die Auffälligkeiten im Knochenstoffwechsel waren
durch Störungen im Parathormonstoffwechsel bei Zustand nach
Hyperparathyreoidismus bei Nebenschiddrüsenadenom und Zustand nach totaler
Strumektomie, komplex. Wenige Monate nach Beginn einer Therapie mit Azacitidin
kam es zu einer dramatischen Besserung der Myalgien, Arthralgien und
Knochenschmerzen. Die Patientin konnte das Pflegeheim verlassen und in ihre
Wohnung zurückziehen. Die TNF- Blocker-Therapie wurde beendet. Ausgeprägte
paraneoplastische Symptome wie die hier geschilderten Myalgien, Arthralgien und
Knochenschmerzen sollten zu einer engmaschigen Kontrolle der Klassifikation des
MDS und zu einem frühzeitigen Beginn einer spezifischen Therapie mit dem Ziel
der Erhaltung der Lebensqualität und der Autonomie führen.
Stufenlagerung
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: July 2024

Die Stufenlagerung kann als Entlastungslagerung bei verschiedenen Beschwerden eingesetzt werden: wenn die Beine nach einem langen Tag mit viel Stehen schwer sind; bei Rückenschmerzen, insbesondere im Brust- und Lendenwirbelbereich; nach Bronchialinfekten, wenn die Zwischenrippenmuskulatur und das Zwerchfell nach langen Hustenanfällen noch verspannt sind.
Prüfungsthema: Wirbelsäule
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: July 2024

Liebe Heilpraktikeranwärter – mit diesen Karteikarten wollen wir Sie bei der Vorbereitung auf die mündliche Heilpraktikerüberprüfung unterstützen. Viel Erfolg beim Lernen wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Das Second-Victim-Phänomen in der Intensivpflege
Authors: Winnefeld Jan
Published: July 2024

Wenn Gesundheitsdienstleistende aufgrund von negativen Patientenereignissen traumatisiert sind, spricht man vom Second-Victim-Phänomen. Die Prävalenz bei deutschen Pflegenden liegt bei 60 Prozent, die Konsequenzen für die Betroffenen sind vielseitig und führen zu einer großen Belastung für das Gesundheitssystem. Die Studie, die dem folgenden Beitrag zugrunde liegt, untersucht Prävalenz, Schutz- und Risikofaktoren des Second-Victim-Phänomens im Kontext der Intensivpflege in Deutschland.
Neurodengue, a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Araujo Abelardo Queiroz Campos , Lima Marco Antonio , Silva Marcus Tulius Teixeira
Published: July 2024

Dengue fever (DF) is the most frequent arboviral disease globally. Deforestation, armed conflicts, and climate change have caused an unprecedented global spread of DF, raising concerns in healthcare systems worldwide. Systemic manifestations of the disease range from mild to severe and, in some cases, can lead to death. Although neurological complications have been reported over the last few decades, they are often neglected or underreported. The present narrative review aims to describe the most important central and peripheral nervous system complications and provide guidance to neurologists in terms of diagnosis and management.
High-Dose Epidermal Radionuclide Therapy with 188Re (Rhenium) Resin in a Patient with Multiple Actinic Keratoses
Authors: Mirzaei Siroos , Kunstfeld Rainer
Published: July 2024

Aim High-dose epidermal radionuclide therapy using a nonsealed 188Re (Rhenium) resin is an alternative treatment option for nonmelanoma skin cancer. In this case study, we present the possible use of this therapy in a patient with multiple actinic keratosis (AK), which is a precancer of the skin.

Methods A 55-year-old male was presented in our department with multiple AK, located on the cheek, temporal, and frontal area, with 1, 1, 2.1, and 2.5 cm2 surface.

Applied activity was 80, 80, 167, and 168 MBq 188Re with a target absorbed dose for each lesion 35 Gy at 1 mm. The treatment was well tolerated.

Results At 17 months’ follow-up, all treated area showed complete remission. There were no side effects, except mild focal hypopigmentation.

Conclusion This case demonstrates the high potential of epidermal radionuclide therapy with a nonsealed 188Re as a noninvasive, effective, and well-tolerated therapy option for patients with multiple AK, when surgery is difficult to perform or not recommended of other reasons.
On bias and its reduction via standardization in discretized electromagnetic source localization problems
Authors: Lahtinen Joonas
Published: July 2024

In electromagnetic source localization problems stemming from linearized Poisson-type equation, the aim is to locate the sources within a domain that produce given measurements on the boundary. In this type of problem, biasing of the solution is one of the main causes of mislocalization. A technique called standardization was developed to reduce biasing. However, the lack of a mathematical foundation for this method can cause difficulties in its application and confusion regarding the reliability of solutions. Here, we give a rigorous and generalized treatment for the technique using the Bayesian framework to shed light on the technique’s abilities and limitations. In addition, we take a look at the noise robustness of the method that is widely reported in numerical studies. The paper starts by giving a gentle introduction to the problem and its bias and works its way toward standardization.
Strong antiferromagnetic exchange coupling at Gd2O3/GdFeO3 interfaces in nanoparticle ensembles
Authors: Azeem Muhammad , Anakha Udayan , Mazur Michal , Abbas Qaisar , Berezner Arseniy
Published: July 2024

Signatures of strong antiferromagnetic exchange coupling at the interface of Gd2O3/GdFeO3 subphases of gadolinium nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticle ensemble have been observed. Hybridized domain walls are exchange coupled to the magnetic subphases on both sides of the interface. Origin of the coupling is in the quantum interference of the Bloch waves with the energy states within the domain walls. The coupling mechanism intensifies at low temperatures. A constriction in the middle of the hysteresis loop (at H = 0) is believed to be the result of antiferromagnetic transitions which becomes narrow at 5 K. The constriction effectively divides the hysteresis loop in two parts, confining spin vector components in the positive and negative quadrants. The magnetic susceptibility clearly shows antiferromagnetic transition temperature (TN) of approximately 17 K.
Consideration of the conversion factor from air dose rates to individual external dose per hour after the Fukushima accident—individual external dose measurements of a TEPCO employee in Fukushima prefecture over a 9 year period—
Authors: Ueno Toshihiro , Ishii Toshiaki , Uchiyama Keizo , Ando Tadahiko , Saisu Motofumi , Takizawa Koichi , Endo Yuji
Published: July 2024

The accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in 2011 resulted in the dispersion of radioactive materials throughout the surrounding area and an increase in the air dose rate was even confirmed in Fukushima City, which is located approximately 60 km northeast of FDNPP. A Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) Holdings employee, who has lived and worked in Fukushima City since the FDNPP accident, measured individual external doses, GPS data, and his activities in Fukushima Prefecture over a 9 year period beginning in 2014. This data provides valuable information about the area. The data show the following results. (i) Comparison of the air dose rate at the home location to the individual external dose per hour at the home shows that the average conversion factor has increased over the 9 years and exceeded 0.3 since 2019, indicating an overall relatively good correlation. (ii) Individual external doses measured in the office on the fourth floor of a concrete structure in Fukushima City have not changed significantly from 2014 to 2022, when air dose rates showed a decrease. (iii) Outdoor individual external doses, such as those measured when commuting on foot, have a relatively strong correlation with air dose rates from airborne monitoring with the conversion factor of about 0.6. The conversion factor do not differ significantly from 2014 to 2022.

In this study, the individual external dose data is applicable to the TEPCO measurer and is not necessarily representative of all residents of Fukushima City. However individual external dose data for 9 consecutive years will be useful for estimating individual external doses from air dose rates, and estimating annual additional exposure doses, if even some of them are applicable to similar life patterns and lifestyles.
Monitoring of surgical staff x-ray exposure in the operating room with DosiBadge
Authors: Clogenson Helene , Marne Charlotte De , Desplobain Katia , Gouge Amélie Le , Laffon Marc , Maia Serge
Published: July 2024

Surgical procedures involving the use of x-rays in the operating room (OR) have increased in recent years, thereby increasing the exposure of OR staff to ionizing radiation. An individual dosimeter makes it possible to record the radiation exposure to which these personnel are exposed, but there is a lack of compliance in the wearing of these dosimeters for several practical reasons. This makes the dose results obtained unreliable. To try to improve the rate of dosimeter wearing in the OR, the Dosibadge project studied the association of the individual dosimeter with the hospital access badge, forming the Dosibadge. Through a study performed at the Tours University Hospital in eight different ORs for two consecutive periods of 3 months. The results show a significant increase in the systematic use of the dosimeter thanks to the Dosibadge, which improves the reliability of the doses obtained on the dosimeters and the monitoring of personnel. The increase is especially marked with clinicians. Following these results and the very positive feedback to this first single-centre study, we are then planning a second multicentre study to validate our proof of concept on different sites, with the three brands of individual dosimeters used in France i.e. dosimeters supplied by Dosilab; Landauer and IRSN.
Digital twin-assisted intelligent fault diagnosis for bearings
Authors: Gong Siqi , Li Shunming , Zhang Yongchao , Zhou Lifang , Xia Min
Published: July 2024

Data-driven intelligent fault diagnosis methods generally require a large amount of labeled data and considerable time to train network models. However, obtaining sufficient labeled data in practical industrial scenarios has always been a challenge, which hinders the practical application of data-driven methods. A digital twin (DT) model of rolling bearings can generate labeled training dataset for various bearing faults, supplementing the limited measured data. This paper proposes a novel DT-assisted approach to address the issue of limited measured data for bearing fault diagnosis. First, a dynamic model of bearing with damages is introduced to generate simulated bearing acceleration vibration signals. A DT model is constructed in Simulink, where the model parameters are updated based on the actual system behavior. Second, the structural parameters of the DT model are adaptively updated using least squares method with the measured data. Third, a Vision Transformer (ViT) -based network, integrated with short-time Fourier transform, is developed to achieve accurate fault diagnosis. By applying short-time Fourier transform at the input end of the ViT network, the model effectively extracts additional information from the vibration signals. Pre-training the network with an extensive dataset from miscellaneous tasks enables the acquisition of pre-trained weights, which are subsequently transferred to the bearing fault diagnosis task. Experiments results verify that the proposed approach can achieve higher diagnostic accuracy and better stability.
Lithium inelastic cross-sections and their impact on micro and nano dosimetry of boron neutron capture
Authors: D-Kondo Naoki , Ortiz Ramon , Faddegon Bruce , Incerti Sebastien , Tran H N , Francis Z , Moreno Barbosa Eduardo , Schuemann Jan , Ramos-Méndez José
Published: July 2024

Objective. To present a new set of lithium-ion cross-sections for (i) ionization and excitation processes down to 700 eV, and (ii) charge-exchange processes down to 1 keV u−1. To evaluate the impact of the use of these cross-sections on micro a nano dosimetric quantities in the context of boron neutron capture (BNC) applications/techniques. Approach. The Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo method was used to calculate Li ion charge-exchange cross sections in the energy range of 1 keV u−1 to 10 MeV u−1. Partial Li ion charge states ionization and excitation cross-sections were calculated using a detailed charge screening factor. The cross-sections were implemented in Geant4-DNA v10.07 and simulations and verified using TOPAS-nBio by calculating stopping power and continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA) range against data from ICRU and SRIM. Further microdosimetric and nanodosimetric calculations were performed to quantify differences against other simulation approaches for low energy Li ions. These calculations were: lineal energy spectra (yf(y) and yd(y)), frequency mean lineal energy

y

F

―

, dose mean lineal energy

y

D

―

and ionization cluster size distribution analysis. Microdosimetric calculations were compared against a previous MC study that neglected charge-exchange and excitation processes. Nanodosimetric results were compared against pure ionization scaled cross-sections calculations. Main results. Calculated stopping power differences between ICRU and Geant4-DNA decreased from 33.78% to 6.9%. The CSDA range difference decreased from 621% to 34% when compared against SRIM calculations. Geant4-DNA/TOPAS calculated dose mean lineal energy differed by 128% from the previous Monte Carlo. Ionization cluster size frequency distributions for Li ions differed by 76%–344.11% for 21 keV and 2 MeV respectively. With a decrease in the N
1 within 9% at 10 keV and agreeing after the 100 keV. With the new set of cross-sections being able to better simulate low energy behaviors of Li ions. Significance. This work shows an increase in detail gained from the use of a more complete set of low energy cross-sections which include charge exchange processes. Significant differences to previous simulation results were found at the microdosimetric and nanodosimetric scales that suggest that Li ions cause less ionizations per path length traveled but with more energy deposits. Microdosimetry results suggest that the BNC’s contribution to cellular death may be mainly due to alpha particle production when boron-based drugs are distributed in the cellular membrane and beyond and by Li when it is at the cell cytoplasm regions.
Simulation based analysis of HK-Ge-Step-FinFET and its usage as inverter & SRAM
Authors: Gopal Girdhar , Goswami Varnit , Johar Arun Kishor , Varma Tarun
Published: July 2024

This paper deals with comparative simulation of High-k dielectrics -Germanium Step FinFET (HK-Ge-Step-FinFET) device with reference Step FinFET. For the first time we have investigated the impact of various dimensional parameters like oxide thickness tox, gate length Lg, drain bias voltage Vds on the performance of Proposed and Reference FinFET devices. These FinFET structures have been designed and simulated in Sentaurus TCAD and Cadence Virtuoso. The electrical parameters such as current ratio ION/IOFF, Sub-threshold Swing SS , Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL), threshold voltage Vth, gate capacitance, intrinsic delay and transconductance are extracted at 10 nm gate length. It is noticed that there is a significant improvement of 28 times and 23 times in ION for proposed device over reference FINFET at Vds = 1 V and Vds = 0.5 V respectively, improvement in ION/IOFF ratio from 8.05 × 108 to 6.65 × 1010, SS of 63.21 mV/decade to 61.5 mV/decade and excellent threshold voltage of 0.18 V in proposed FinFET. The characteristics of the proposed SRAM cell including, static noise margin (SNM), read/write delay, and subthreshold leakage power, are compared with the conventional 6 T SRAM cells. It is reported that the FinFET SRAM cell has RSNM, HSNM, and WNM of 285 mV, 360 mV, and 302 mV, respectively, at Vds = 1 V. Furthermore, the suggested device-based SRAM cell outperforms traditional SRAM cells at 1.0 V in terms of read noise margin, hold noise margin, and write noise margin, as well as leakage power. Thus, it may prove to be a viable option for lowering leakage components, making it effective for low-power and high-performance inverter and SRAM cell design in the nanoscale regime.
Influence of graphene nanoplatelets on the thermal conductivity of heat transfer oils based on the developed hotwire method
Authors: Karalasingam A , Karunarathne Shadeepa , Wijesinghe W P S L , Sameera S A L , De Silva M G S , Amaratunga G A
Published: July 2024

The thermal conductivity measurements of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) loaded mineral oil suspensions are obtained using an unconventional custom-made Transient Hot-Wire setup using tungsten. The presence of a few layers of graphene in the prepared GNP using a single-step ultrasonication of graphite microparticles without the use of a surfactant is verified by AFM, TEM, Raman Spectroscopy, XRD, and XPS techniques. We measured the thermal conductivity and the specific heat capacity (

C

p

) of GNP-loaded mineral oil suspensions. The experimental result shows a maximum of 45.5% increment in the thermal conductivity of the mineral oil with 1 mg ml−1 (11.481

×

10

−
4

weight fraction) loading of GNP at 30 °C. Despite thermal conductivity enhancements, the results indicate that the

C

p

is not compromised, since a low concentration of nanoplatelets was used. The experimental results agree with the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium approach (MGEMA) model for the thermal conductivity of nanofluids which we found to be suitable for lower loading of nanoparticles. We propose GNP incorporated mineral oil suspensions are effective when it comes to heat transfer fluids even with the lower volume and mass fractions.
Comparative analysis: particle size and bactericidal efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles with aloe vera gel versus aloe vera gel-honey
Authors: Dzulkharnien Nur Syafiqah Farhanah , Rohani Rosiah , Ahmad Radzuan Husna
Published: July 2024

In the realm of nanoscience, the inherent antibacterial potential of nanoparticles (NPs) stands as an alluring prospect for the development of pharmaceutical interventions. Yet, conventional chemical and physical NPs fabrication methods pose environmental and safety concerns. The aim of this study is to greenly-synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using aloe vera gel (AVG) and aloe vera gel-honey (AVG-honey) under different reactant-to-chemical reductant (or precursor-to-reducing agent) ratio conditions, facilitated by sonication. Structural and optical characteristics of synthesized ZnO NPs were explicated through Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy (UV–vis). Concurrently, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) delineated the crystalline disposition and morphological behaviors. The antibacterial susceptibility of ZnO NPs against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella Pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) was investigated using the disc diffusion method. The structures of biosynthesized ZnO NPs were confirmed through distinctive peaks in FTIR and UV–vis spectra. XRD unveils hexagonal wurtzite crystallinity, while FESEM captured distinct morphologies, which are spherical and rice-shaped, in ZnO NPs/AVG, while ZnO NPs/AVG-honey revealed micro-size spherical structures surrounded by numerous tiny lumps. Notably, ZnO NPs/AVG at a 1:6 ratio exhibits a 26.5 nm size, showcasing superior antibacterial efficacy against MRSA (ZOI = 12 mm) and K. pneumoniae (ZOI = 13 mm) compared to other reactant-to-chemical reductant ratios and ZnO NPs/AVG-honey. In conclusion, the study revealed that ZnO NPs synthesized solely using AVG exhibited finer particle sizes and slightly enhanced antibacterial efficacy compared to ZnO NPs formulated with a combination of AVG and honey. This outcome shows that utilization of two reducing agents will contribute to large size of nanoparticles, thus reduce the efficiency of the antibacterial susceptibility. Moreover, the concentration ratios of reactants-to-chemical reductants emerged as crucial determinants in the nanoparticle synthesis process.
Effect of Ce doping on MoO3 thin films for room temperature ammonia sensing application
Authors: Hari Prasad Kamatam , Vinoth S , Ganesh V
Published: July 2024

In this work, we report the fabrication and gas sensing application of undoped, and Ce doped (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 wt%) MoO3 thin films via simple, effective, and low-cost nebulizer spray pyrolysis method. The crystal structure of the prepared thin films was found to be monoclinic by the prominent peaks observed at (001), (002) planes and the primary peak intensities increases from undoped to 3% Ce doped MoO3 thin film. The morphology of the samples was studied by FESEM, and the films have nanofibrous network embedded with nanorods spread over the surface of the nanofibers. The optical properties were characterised by the UV–vis spectroscopy and observed that the film’s energy band gap declines from 3.28 to 3.04 eV due to the Ce dopant which alters the energy levels of the conduction and valence bands of the host by oxygen defects. The defects were analysed by the PL spectroscopy, and it proved that the PL emission peaks arose due to the oxygen deficiencies. The 3% Ce doped MoO3 produced higher PL emission intensity indicated that the higher oxygen defects sites are the cause. The gas sensing responses were measured for the pristine and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt% Ce doped MoO3 gas sensors increase from 6.48 × 102 to 1.67 × 104 and found to be higher for the 3% Ce doped sensor to detect ammonia gas. The significant gas sensing property such as rise time and fall time were observed to be least for the 3% Ce doped MoO3 thin film was 54 and 5 s. This study revealed that 3% Ce doped MoO3 thin film could be an efficient prominent ammonia gas sensor at room temperature in future.
On direct estimation of density parameters and Hubble constant for ΛCDM universe using Hubble measurements
Authors: Pal Srikanta , Saha Rajib
Published: July 2024

The set of cosmological density parameters (

Ω

0
m

h

0

2

,

Ω

0
k

h

0

2

,

Ω

0
Λ

h

0

2

) and Hubble constant (

h

ˆ

0

) are useful for fundamental understanding of the Universe from many perspectives. In this article, we propose a new procedure to estimate these parameters for Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) universe in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) background. We generalize the two-point statistics first proposed by Sahni et al (2008) to the three point case and estimate the parameters using currently available Hubble parameter (H(z)) values in the redshift range 0.07 ≤ z ≤ 2.36 measured by differential age (DA) and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) techniques. All the parameters are estimated assuming the general case of non-flat universe. Using both DA and BAO data we obtain

Ω

0
m

h

0

2

=
0.1485
±
0.0065

,

Ω

0
k

h

0

2

=
−
0.0137
±
0.017

,

Ω

0
Λ

h

0

2

=
0.3126
±
0.0145

and

h

ˆ

0

=
0.6689
±
0.0021

. These results are in satisfactory agreement with the Planck results. An important advantage of our method is that to estimate the value of any one of the independent cosmological parameters one does not need to use the values for the rest of them. Each parameter is obtained solely from the measured values of Hubble parameters at different redshifts without any need to use values of other parameters. Such a method is expected to be less susceptible to the undesired effects of degeneracy issues between cosmological parameters during their estimations. Moreover, there is no requirement of assuming spatial flatness in our method.
Optical attenuator-oriented quantum hacking on continuous-variable quantum key distribution with local local oscillator
Authors: Mao Yiyu , Xie Fengyang , Zhao Jiajia , Huang Wenti , Zhao Wei , Guo Ying , Wang Jin
Published: July 2024

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution with local local oscillator (LLO-CVQKD) eliminates the security loophole caused by transmitting high power local oscillator (LO). However, in order to establish a common phase frame between the sender and receiver, a low power phase reference needs to be transmitted with quantum signals, which may bring in new security problems for eavesdroppers to obtain information illegally. Especially in trusted phase noise model, phase noise associated with detectors is regarded as trusted noise in order to obtain a higher secret key rate and transmission distance, which further provides opportunities for eavesdroppers. To this end, we propose an optical attenuator-oriented attack strategy against the LLO-CVQKD system under the trusted phase noise model, where Eve can inject suitable light into the optical attenuator in reference light path to reduce the attenuation level of it, thereby controlling the intensity of the reference pulses and resulting in an underestimated excess noise. Simulation results show that the proposed attack strategy can render the estimated secret key rate much higher than the actual values. When the transmission distance exceeds 25 km, the eavesdropper can obtain approximately 90% of the key information by adjusting the intensity of the reference pulses to twice the original value.
Modulating entanglement dynamics of two V-type atoms in dissipative cavity by detuning and weak measurement reversal
Authors: Li Fuhua , Wang Jia , Zou Hong-Mei , Pan Qiying , Liu Chenya , Qu Zhuang
Published: July 2024

It is studied how to modulate entanglement dynamics of two V-type atoms in dissipative cavity by detuning, weak measurement and weak measurement reversal. The analytical solution of this model is obtained by solving Schrödinger equation after diagonalizing Hamiltonian of dissipative cavity. It is discussed in detail how the entanglement dynamics is influenced by cavity-reservoir coupling, spontaneously generated interference (SGI) parameter, detuning between cavity with reservoir and weak measurement reversal. The results show that the entanglement dynamics of different initial states obviously depends on coupling, SGI parameter, detuning and reversing measurement strength. The stronger coupling, the smaller SGI parameter, the larger detuning and the bigger reversing measurement strength can all not only protect but also generate the entanglement, and the detuning is more effectively in the strong coupling regime than the weak measurement reversal, which is more effectively than the SGI parameter. We also provide the physical interpretations for these results.
Design of wavefront detection system for eyeglasses based on transmissive phase measuring deflectometry using gamma error correction algorithm
Authors: Fan Xianguang , Yang Yixin , Zhang Yujie , Wang Xin
Published: July 2024

With the increasingly widespread application of freeform lenses, the detection of lens dioptric power presents a challenge. To measure the surface dioptric power of freeform lenses, a wavefront detection system for eyeglass lenses based on transmissive phase measuring deflectometry has been developed. The system consists only of a monitor, an industrial camera, and the lens under test. In response to the phase errors introduced by nonlinear devices, a Frequency Domain Gamma Error Correction Algorithm based on Linear Regression (FDLR) is proposed to optimize the system detection process and enhance detection accuracy. In the experiments, the proposed system was used to measure the wavefront and surface dioptric power of both spherical lens and progressive addition lens. The results were compared with those obtained from a focimeter to verify the accuracy and reliability of the system. Furthermore, a comparison of the detection results for progressive addition lens before and after phase error correction was conducted to demonstrate the necessity and effectiveness of the proposed phase error correction algorithm.
Dynamic interplay: unveiling inelastic breather collisions and modulation instability enhancement in a periodically gained inhomogeneous fiber optic communication system across temporal frequencies
Authors: Veni S Saravana , Manirajan M S , Biswas Anjan , Asiri Asim
Published: July 2024

Examining the impact of inhomogeneity on the propagation of femtosecond ultrafast optical pulses in fiber, we delve into the realm of the modified Hirota nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with inhomogeneity of variable coefficients (MIH-vc). Employing the Hirota bilinear method, we derive two soliton solutions for the modified Hirota NLS equation and analyze the effect of variable coefficients. The dynamical properties of these soliton solutions come to light as we meticulously analyze the corresponding plots. In our exploration, a noteworthy revelation unfolds as we witness the inelastic collision between two breathers, unleashing profound changes in the trajectory of femtosecond pulses. Furthermore, we showcase a detailed modulation instability analysis, unraveling the gain spectrum for our theoretical model. Through graphical illustrations, we elucidate how inhomogeneous functions intricately shape the modulation instability (MI) gain spectrum. A groundbreaking observation surfaces as, for the first time, we discern the periodic gain enhancement in relation to Group Velocity Dispersion along the fiber and its dynamic interactions.
Floquet systems with continuous dynamical symmetries: characterization, time-dependent noether charge, and solvability
Authors: Kaneko Yukio , Ikeda Tatsuhiko N
Published: July 2024

We study quantum Floquet (periodically-driven) systems having continuous dynamical symmetry (CDS) consisting of a time translation and a unitary transformation on the Hilbert space. Unlike the discrete ones, the CDS strongly constrains the possible Hamiltonians H(t) and allows us to obtain all the Floquet states by solving a finite-dimensional eigenvalue problem. Besides, Noether’s theorem leads to a time-dependent conservation charge, whose expectation value is time-independent throughout evolution. We exemplify these consequences of CDS in the seminal Rabi model, an effective model of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamonds without strain terms, and Heisenberg spin models in rotating fields. Our results provide a systematic way of solving for Floquet states and explain how they avoid hybridization in quasienergy diagrams.
Fourth-stable stochastic resonance and its application to weak fault signal detection of rotating machinery
Authors: Yun Xialun , Zhang Xianhong , Shang Guozhen , Lv Minyue
Published: July 2024

Weak characteristic extraction is vital for weak fault signal detection of machinery. Stochastic resonance (SR) is able to transfer noise energy into weak fault characteristic frequency excited by a defect of machines. However, the potential function in SR is vital to enhance weak fault characteristic frequency and determines the capability of SR to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a noisy signal. Now, common potential functions include monostable, bistable and even tri-stable potentials but fourth-stable SR has not been studied and applied to detect early fault characteristic frequency. In this paper, thus, we would investigate the behaviors of SR with a fourth-stable potential subject to additive noise, in which the approximate theoretical expression of the power done by SR is derived to demonstrate the fourth-stable Sr Then, a SR method with the fourth-stable potential is proposed to enhance weak fault characteristic frequency, in which these system parameters are adjusted by using SNR as the objective function and using genetic algorithms adaptively. In this paper, thus, Finally, the proposed method is verified by using a simulated signal with noise and two early fault experiment of rolling element bearings with different levels of defects on the outer and inner races. Moreover, the proposed method is compared with wavelet denoising and fast kurtogram methods. The comparisons indicate that the proposed method has the better performance for enhancing weak fault characteristic frequency or weak useful signals than other two methods and is available to weak fault signal detection of machinery.
Investigation of physicochemical characteristics of Dy3+ modified ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Singh Sunder Pal
Published: July 2024

In this report, pristine and Dy3+ modified ZnO nanoparticles [Zn(1-x)DyxO NPs, where x = 0, 0.05, and 0.10] were synthesized using the sol–gel route, and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated. x-ray diffractograms of all the compositions possess

P

6

3

m
c

space group depicting hexagonal crystallinity with wurtzite-type crystal structure with no signature of impurities as confirmed using the Rietveld refinement technique. The granular microstructure displayed grain growth with Dy3+ incorporation in the ZnO crystal framework and an increment in average grain size was found to be 22.83 nm for x = 0 to 36.34 nm. The optical energy band gap also increased from 3.35 eV to 3.88 eV with Dy3+ doping in the host ZnO. Dy3+ substitution inhibits the conduction in ZnO and improves the resistivity (36 Ωcm–79 Ωcm) as carrier concentration diminishes from 7.36 × 1016 cm−3 to 4.23 × 1016 cm−3. Similarly, the mean free path length for ZnO and Dy3+ doped ZnO NPs declines from 0.0301 nm to 0.0198 nm. Dielectric properties of all the compositions were investigated using an LCR impedance analyzer and it was observed that Dy3+ substitution enhances the value of the dielectric constant from 32 to 91 with a low tangent loss at 50 Hz.
Vortex lattice state transitions in water surface waves
Authors: Abella Alfred P
Published: July 2024

Surface waves can generate an ordered vortex lattice of fluid particles on the air-water interface. Here, the transitions of the lattice structure are observed through experiments and modelled analytically. A fully-immersed square waveguide system is positioned at the center of a larger bath which directs particles into counter-rotating vortices. Flow interactions with the bath free-surface alter the ordered structure, and a state transition is initiated by the increase of the waveguide immersion depth. It manifests as a change in the orbital momentum and spin properties of the vortices, and develops through the combination of reflected-wave attenuation and mean flow effects from the classical Stokes drift and Eulerian currents. Transitions from a perfect antiferromagnetic state to weakly-ordered ones are achieved, including a monopole vortex reminiscent of spectral condensates in thin fluid layers. Order in the disordered flow is uncovered through velocity field corrections after invoking time-scale separation. The lattice structures are modelled analytically through a superposition of mean flow contributions from the waveguide and bath modes. The results open a new platform for investigating the dynamics of wave and vortex lattice interactions, and devising new techniques to characterize complex flow phenomena on the air-water interface.
Traversing a kinetic pole during inflation: primordial black holes and gravitational waves
Authors: Ghoshal Anish , Strumia Alessandro
Published: July 2024

We consider an inflationary kinetic function with an integrable pole
that is traversed during inflation.
This scenario leads to enhanced spectra of primordial scalar inhomogeneities with detectable signals:
formation of primordial black holes
(that could explain Dark Matter) and
scalar-induced gravitational waves (that could
reproduce the recent Pulsar Timing Array observation, or predict signals in future detectors such as LISA or ET).
Spectral signatures depend on whether the inflaton mass dimension
at the pole is above or below 2.
Values mildly below 2 allow a big power spectrum enhancement with a mild tuning.
Finally, we discuss the possibility that a kinetic pole can arise as anomalous
dimension of the inflaton due to quantum effects of Planckian particles that become
light at some specific inflaton field value.
A comprehensive calculation of the Primakoff process and
the solar axion flux
Authors: Wu Quan-feng , Xu Xun-Jie
Published: July 2024

The Primakoff process plays a crucial role in axion production
in astrophysical environments and laboratories. Given the rising interest
in axion physics and many on-going experimental activities, we conduct
a comprehensive calculation of this process and carefully examine
several aspects that have been neglected in the literature. In particular,
our calculation is valid for axions with significantly large masses,
which would be of importance to axion searches utilizing crystal and
liquid xenon detectors. We present the most updated calculation of
the Primakoff solar axion flux, with a simple parametrization that
is applicable to a broad range of axion masses up to a few tens of
keV. Our code is publicly available at GitHub.
Families of Schmidt-number witnesses for high dimensional quantum states
Authors: Shi Xian
Published: July 2024

Higher dimensional entangled states demonstrate significant advantages in quantum information processing tasks. The Schmidt number is a quantity of the entanglement dimension of a bipartite state. Here we build families of k-positive maps from the symmetric information complete positive operator-valued measurements and mutually unbiased bases, and we also present the Schmidt number witnesses, correspondingly. At last, based on the witnesses obtained from mutually unbiased bases, we show the distance between a bipartite state and the set of states with a Schmidt number less than k.
Correcting for non-uniform detector response in bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurements
Authors: Molloy E , Koo A
Published: July 2024

Systems for measuring the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) are intended to be able to measure a variety of sample scattering distributions—from close-to-specular to diffuse, from polarised to unpolarised. Measuring the BRDF involves taking the ratio of measurements of both the amount of light incident on the sample and the amount of light that is reflected by the sample. Detectors used in these systems have a finite sized aperture, and so the different sample scattering distributions will have different distributions of light falling on the detector, and this distribution will also be different from the distribution of light during the incident beam measurement. An ideal detector with a perfectly uniform response is unlikely in reality. For BRDF measurements, it is generally assumed that the response of the detector is the same for both the incident and scattered beams, so even for imperfect detectors, the response of the detector will drop out when the ratio is taken. However, if for some reason the response of the detector differs between the two ratioed quantities, then it will induce an error in the measured ratio. A difference in the response of the detector in the MSL goniospectrophotometer between the collimated and polarised incident beam and the diffuse and unpolarised scattered beam has been identified. Having identified this issue, two different approaches have been taken to avoid the error in our measurements. Firstly, a correction factor was calculated from a detailed model of the detector, using ray tracing. Secondly, a new detector with an integrating sphere in the position of the photodiode was designed to avoid the differing response. To validate these approaches, we compared measurements made using the new sphere detector with corrected measurements made using the original detector, and demonstrate that these agree within the limits of uncertainty.
Turbulence-reduced high-performance scenarios in Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Ford O.P. , Beurskens M. , Bozhenkov S.A. , Lazerson S. , Vanó L. , Alonso A. , Baldzuhn J. , Beidler C.D. , Biedermann C. , Burhenn R. , Fuchert G. , Hartmann D. , Hirsch M. , Langenberg A. , Laqua H. , McNeely P. , Pablant N. , Pasch E. , Reimold F. , Romba T. , Rust N. , Schroeder R. , Scott E.R. , Stange T. , Smith H.M. , Gradic D. , Wolf R.C. , Zhang D. ,   the W7-X Team
Published: July 2024

In the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator, turbulence is the dominant transport mechanism in most discharges. This leads to a ‘clamping’ of ion temperature over a wide range of heating power, predominantly flat density profiles where hollow profiles driven by neoclassical thermo-diffusion would be expected and by rapid impurity transport in injection experiments. Significantly reduced turbulent transport is observed in the presence of strong core density gradients found transiently after core pellet injection and irregularly after boronisation or boron pellet injection. Density peaking is also achieved in a controlled manner in purely neutral beam heated discharges where particle transport analysis reveals an abrupt reduction in the main-ion particle flux leading to significant density profile peaking not explained by the NBI particle source alone. The plasmas exhibit a heat diffusivity of around

χ
=
0.25
±
0.1

m

2

 

s

−
1

at mid radius, a factor of around 4 lower than ECRH dominated discharges. Despite the improved confinement, the achieved ion temperature is limited by broader heat deposition and the lower power-per-particle given the higher density. This is overcome with limited reintroduction of ECRH power, where the low heat diffusivity diffusivity is maintained, the density rise supressed and ion temperatures above the clamping limit are achieved. The applicability of these plasmas for a high performance scenario on transport relevant time scales is assessed, including initial predictions for planned heating upgrades of W7-X, based on a range of assumptions about particle transport.
Corrigendum: Simulation of laser-plasma focusing using taper solenoid (2024 IOP Conf. Ser. 2743 012009)
Authors: Hosoya S , Kashiwagi H , Yamada K
Published: July 2024

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.