bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Na cidade historiada: justiça e outros conflitos em O Mercador de Veneza, de William Shakespeare
Authors: Galery Maria Clara Versiani
Published: June 2019

RESUMO: Na época em que Shakespeare escolheu Veneza para cenário de Otelo e O Mercador de Veneza, a cidade-república correspondia aos ideais renascentistas de liberdade e estabilidade. Descobertas no âmbito da geografia e da astronomia exigiam uma reavaliação do lugar ocupado por mulheres e homens na nova concepção do universo. Este ensaio pretende refletir sobre a Veneza mítica do imaginário shakespeariano, uma paisagem simbólica, menos física e concreta que ideológica. Nesse sentido, o trabalho recorre ao conceito foucauldiano de heterotopia para ilustrar como, na representação da cidade, se projetavam os anseios de uma época. Aqui, a jurisprudência é de importância central.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Shakespeare, Mercador de Veneza, Renascimento, Veneza, heterotopia, jurisprudência

In the storied city: justice and other conflicts of The Merchant of Venice

ABSTRACT: When Shakespeare chose Venice as the location for Othello and The Merchant of Venice, the republic corresponded to Renaissance ideals of freedom and stability. Discoveries in the realm of geography and astronomy required a re-evaluation of the place occupied by women and men in the new conception of the universe. This essay intends to discuss the mythical Venice of Shakespeare’s imagination, a symbolic landscape, less physical and concrete than ideological. In this sense, this paper turns to Foucault’s concept of heterotopia to illustrate how the anxieties of an epoch were projected in the representation of the city. Here, jurisprudence is of central importance.

KEYWORDS: Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Renaissance, Venice, heterotopia, jurisprudence

En la ciudad historiada: justicia y otros conflictos del Mercader de Venecia

RESUMEN: En la época en que Shakespeare escogió Venecia como escenario de Otelo y El Mercader de Venecia, la ciudad-república correspondía a los ideales renacentistas de libertad y estabilidad. Los descubrimientos en el ámbito de la geografía y de la astronomía exigían una reevaluación del lugar ocupado por mujeres y hombres en la nueva concepción del universo. Este ensayo pretende reflexionar sobre la Venecia mítica del imaginario shakespeariano, un paisaje simbólico, menos físico y concreto que ideológico. En este sentido, el trabajo recurre al concepto foucauldiano de heterotopía para ilustrar cómo, en la representación de la ciudad, se proyectaban los anhelos de una época. Aquí, la jurisprudencia es de central importancia.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Shakespeare, Mercader de Venecia, Renacimiento, Venecia, heterotopía, jurisprudencia
Dossiê: História e Literatura
Authors: Cavallini Marco Cícero
Published: June 2019

O presente dossiê teve como intuito selecionar artigos que propusessem diálogos tanto na metodologia do estudo quanto na análise da literatura considerada em suas dimensões históricas e culturais. Abordagens e perspectivas que desenvolvessem a análise de obras, formas e expressões literárias com atenção aos contextos subjacentes sejam do processo, da produção, da autoria, das práticas, do público e da recepção, da crítica e da teoria.
Neural Network Model to Estimate Resistivity of Ground Enhancers Reinforced with Graphene Nano Particles for Transmission Lines
Authors: Ramirez-Vazquez Isaias , Ramirez-Gonzalez Miguel , Salgado-Talavera J. Eduardo
Published: June 2019

For many high voltage transmission lines, lightning is the first cause of outages. Different alternatives have been used to diminish these outages, like the use of counterpoise wires, installation of surge arresters, and the improvement of the grounding system using ground enhancers or chemical enhancers. In this paper, graphene nanoparticles were used to reformulate commercial ground enhancers. The results of this research end up in an improvement factor of up to 100 times the reduction in resistivity, when graphene nanoparticles are used. After lightning current impulse tests done on both types of samples, the performance of the un-reformulated ground enhancer samples shows a faster deterioration than the graphene reinforced ground enhancer samples. In order to establish a criterion to quantitatively rank the chemical ground enhancers ́ performance after the lightning impulse current tests, a neural network model was developed.
Comparative Quantum Analysis of Si/Ge Channel Tri-Gate Mosfets
Authors: Vimala Palanichamy , Kumar N.R. Nithin
Published: June 2019

In this article we have developed an analytical model for Tri-gate Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (TG MOSFET) including Quantum effects for High-k/Ge material. The Schrodinger–Poisson’s equation is used to develop the analytical Quantum model using Variational method. A mathematical expression for charge centroid is obtained and then an inversion charge model was developed with quantum effects by means of oxide capacitance for different channel thickness and gate oxide thickness. The compact model is shown to reproduce transfer characteristics, transconductance and C-V curves of Tri-gate MOSFETs using the model and is compared with the device for Si/SiO2 material. The results of both the model are compared to the simulated results. The comparison shows the accuracy of the proposed model for the high-k and Ge material.
Facile Synthesis of Rod-Shaped Bi2S3 by Microwave Irradiation of Single Source Precursor
Authors: Onwudiwe Damian C.
Published: June 2019

One-dimensional nanostructures have been the focus of recent research interests because they possess high aspect ratio. In this study, bismuth sulphide nanorods have been synthesized via a simple microwave irradiation of bismuth dithiocarbamate complex in ethylene glycol (EG) and N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvents. The optical properties of the nanorods was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, and the structural characterization was carried out using powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The XRD patterns indicated cubic phase, and the TEM analysis confirmed rod-like morphology with mean diameter of about 60 nm and irregular lengths. The role of the solvents on the nanostructures was discussed, and the band gap energies were estimated from Tauc plot. The synthesized bismuth sulphide nanorods exhibited quantum confinement effect. The synthesis approach via microwave irradiation of single source precursor is facile and efficient, thus promotes the production of large scale Bi2S3 nanorods by an environmentally friendly approach.
Tests of Slab-Column Connections Subjected to Reversed Cyclic Moments in Addition to Different Levels of Gravity Shear Load
Authors: Abdelkhalik Amr , Elafandy Tamer H.K. , Abdelrahman Amr , Sherif Alaa
Published: June 2019

Reinforced concrete flat slab-column structures are widely used because of their practicality. However, this type of structures can be subjected to punching-shear failure within the slab-column connections. Without shear reinforcement, the slab-column connection can undergo brittle punching failure, especially when the structure is subjected to lateral loading in seismic zones. This research is a part of an extensive investigation about the punching shear behaviour of interior RC slab-column connections under seismic loading. The main objective is to discuss the effect of the gravity shear level on the punching shear behaviour[1].The current paper represents only the results of the first four tested specimens without shear reinforcement. The first specimen was tested subjected to vertical gravity load only without cyclic loading while the other three specimens were tested under different vertical loads V which was kept constant during testing in addition to a reversed displacement controlled cyclic loading which was increased up to punching shear failure. The gravity load V was chosen as 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 V0 respectively, where V0 is the vertical load causing punching shear failure according to ACI318-14[2]. All tested specimens have the same slab dimensions of 2000x2000mm, slab thickness 200mm, flexural reinforcement ratio of 1.62% and the same column dimensions 250mm x 250mm. Finally, the experimental results are analyzed and compared to international codes such as American Code ACI318-14 and Euro Code EC2-2004[3]. In light of these results, some preliminary conclusions are presented.
B4 Model Adaptation for Prediction of UHPC Strains from Creep and Shrinkage
Authors: Pribramsky Vladimír
Published: June 2019

High compressive strength of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) defines high level of compressive strains of UHPC structural elements when efficiently designed. Significant effects are rheological changes in the concrete mixture caused by creep and shrinkage. To design reliable structures with sufficient level of prestressing, it is necessary to determine and predict the magnitude of creep and shrinkage strains of UHPC. Creep and shrinkage model B4 is currently used as most advanced material model based on great consistency with large set of experimental results and measurements on real structures and bridges. It seems to be viable for use for prediction of creep and shrinkage strains of UHPC as it predicts long-term strains by incorporating effect of volume of additives and admixtures used in the fresh concrete. Model B4 also takes into effect thermal treatment of fresh concrete, which accelerates cement hydration in early age. For UHPC mixture is characteristic very low water to cement ratio which is compensated by adding superplasticizers. UHPC mixture also contains large volumes of fine ground additives, most common is silica fume. Current model B4 has several limitations that are often exceeded by characteristics of UHPC. In this paper, these limitations are identified and viable adaptation of model B4 is presented.
Flexural Strength of Thin Slabs Made of UHPFRC
Authors: Holy Milan , Čítek David , Tej Petr , Vrablik Lukáš
Published: June 2019

This paper focuses on the determination of the flexural strength of thin slabs made of the Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). The load-bearing capacity in bending of elements reinforced only with steel fibers (used as a scattered reinforcement) is primarily influenced by the orientation and distribution of the fibers. A size-effect occurs by these elements. Some special bending tests were executed within the development of precast bridge deck segments for an innovative timber-concrete composite bridge system. The bending tests were executed on the slab strips under similar boundary conditions as by the bridge deck segments. The slab strips of various thickness of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 mm were tested in 4-point bending tests with span 1900 mm and in 3-point bending tests with span 600 mm. Half of the test specimens was tested in casting position, the other half was tested upside down. The obtained values of the flexural strength were compared to values from reference bending tests of the beams 150 x 150 x 700 mm, 100 x 100 x 400 mm and 40 x 40 x 160 mm. An influence of the different size of the tested specimen, of the slab thickness, of the span size and of the positioning of the slab with respect to the direction of casting on the flexural strength are evaluated. The experiments are further supported by numerical simulation.
New Composite Construction Method with STEEL/UHPFRC Constructing Railway Bridges
Authors: Zimmermann Welf , Kuss Stefan
Published: June 2019

In Austria last years sequenced according modern technology successfully bridges were made from UHPC or UHPFRC [1], [2], [3]. A couple of well-done examples of these bridges I presented on the occasion of Prof. Sparowitz birthday publication in 2017 [2]. Recently in Austria another example of a railway bridge consisting innovative material UHPFRC - created as a composite construction - was projected by ZKP ZT GmbH by order of Austrian Railway Company ÖBB. Innovative and new is the application of Ultra-High Performance Concrete in combination with Steel S355J2+N creating a composite action in highest utilization of both material strengths and auxiliary connected with a steel panel. Construction work was done from March to September 2017, the bridge was finished in October 2017 in single railway track Lavanttalbahn near city Wolfsberg in Carinthia.
Identifying Concrete Resistance to Corrosion by Deionised Water with Aggressive Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kocáb Dalibor , Terzijski Ivailo , Strnad Jiří , Stepanek Petr , Ševčík Michal
Published: June 2019

The paper discusses an experimental technique of comparing different concretes in terms of their resistance to leaching corrosion. Specifically, the experiment compared the resistance of three different high-performance concretes exposed to deionised water with aggressive carbon dioxide. To control the duration of the laboratory tests, they were not performed on these particular concretes, but rather on model mortars derived from them; the mortars proved perfectly sufficient to give the desired information. The paper also describes how these mortars were created on the basis of known or assumed concrete formulae. The actual corrosion test was designed as a double-comparative experiment. The paper lists all the basic test results, which confirm the effectiveness of the comparative method – the experiment was successful in drawing clear comparison between the concrete variants.
Time Development of Concrete Strength in Comparison with the Development of Concrete Shrinkage
Authors: Janda Miloslav , Zich Miloš
Published: June 2019

Concrete producer’s experience shows that the development of concrete properties (concrete strength, volume changes of concrete) can be significantly different from that presumed by the designer according to the standards for designing concrete constructions. Especially concrete mixtures for prefabricated structures contain a large amount of cement to achieve a rapid strength that allows precast element to be manipulated, which can cause inceased shrinkage of concrete. The results of the experiment, which verified the development of the compressive strength, tensile strength and the shrinkage of concrete intended for precast structures, are presented in the article. The results of the experiment are compared with the calculations according to ČSN EN 1992-1-1. It was found that the actual shrinkage of the concrete was up to three times higher than the theoetical values of shrinkage.
Influence of the Amount of Ammonium Salts in Fly Ash on Concrete with Ternary Binders
Authors: Bambuchová Markéta , Pytlík David , Bilek Vlastimil
Published: June 2019

The requirements for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions have led power and heating plants to installing reduction technologies such as the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). The paper deals with the influence of the amount of ammonium salts in fly ash from power plants where SNCR method is used on the properties of mortars with ternary binders. Portland cement is the main component of this ternary binder system. As other components, fly ash and lime or finely ground recycled concrete dust were used. The synergic effect of all three components helps us to get a higher initial strength. This is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate and aluminate ions in the system. The chemical and physical-mechanical properties of fly ash are presented; especially, the amount of ammonium salts in accordance with ČSN ISO 7150-1 and the specific surface area. On mortars, the activity index of compressive strength and workability was examined.
Evolution of attitudes, trends and perceptions of smoking among middle and secondary school students in the Gharb Region, Morocco, 2010–2015
Authors: Mounach Samir , Zahrou Fatima-Ezzahra , Mahdaoui Elkhansa , Belakhel Latifa , Khazraji Youssef C. , El Berri Hicham
Published: June 2019

Background: Tobacco use is an important public health issue. Morocco implemented a tobacco control programme, which has been ongoing among students at middle and secondary schools since 2010.Aim: This study aims to compare the trend in smoking among the programme beneficiaries with the results of the initial study conducted prior to the implementation of the programme.Setting: This study was conducted in middle and secondary schools of the Gharb Region in Morocco between 2010 and 2015.Methods: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2010 and 2015 in the middle and secondary schools of the Gharb Region. Multistage cluster sampling was used. The information was collected using a self-administered questionnaire.Results: In the first study in 2010, 5312 students participated, and in the second one in 2015, 4208 students participated. The level of information on smoking and its effects was higher in 2015 (94.0%) than in 2010 (92.5%). In 2010, parents, primary schools and television and radio were more involved in student information on smoking compared to 2015. The proportion of students claiming that tobacco was not a pleasure (86.3%) and that it does not calm nerves (76.5%) was significantly higher in 2015 than in 2010. The prevalence of smoking increased significantly in 2015 (2.9%) against 2010 (1.8%).Conclusion: This study reports the general positive evolution in knowledge about smoking and its effects. Despite that the prevalence of smokers increased in 2015. The results suggest the need to address family influences on adolescent smoking and to investigate participation of schools in education and training students in tobacco dependence prevention.
Revisiting the Medical Work of George Soulié De Morant
Authors: Dubois Jean Claude
Published: June 2019

It is now time to revisit the medical work of George Soulié de Morant (1878–1955). Over the past 64 years, studies and research on acupuncture-moxibustion have undergone exceptional growth in China, and Western sinology has made remarkable progress. A careful rereading will bring a new light to this decisive work.
Treatment Effects of Acupuncture and Calligraphy Training on Cognitive Abilities in Senile Demented Patients
Authors: Kao Henry S. R. , Wang Miqu , Yu Shuguang , Yuan Shihong , Fung Miranda M. Y. , Zhu Lin , Lam Stewart P. W. , Kao Tin Tin , Kao Xiaoyang
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

This study compared the relative effectiveness of Chinese calligraphy handwriting (CCH) and acupuncture in the treatment of patients with senile dementia.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 17 mild-to-moderate dementia patients with an average age of 77.29 years were randomly assigned with 9 to the calligraphy handwriting group and 8 to the acupuncture treatment group for a month of consecutive treatment. The participants’ cognitive abilities, as well as symptoms of senile dementia, were measured by the Chinese version of the Mini-mental State Examination (CMMSE) and the Chinese Medicine Quantitative Diagnostic Survey for Senile Dementia Symptoms, respectively, before and after the treatment.

Results:

The calligraphy group showed a significant increase in calculation and memory as well as a decline in the symptoms of senile dementia. Patients in the acupuncture group experienced a significant growth in total CMMSE scores and the subscales in orientation to time and place, behavioral operations, as well as reduced clinical symptoms. However, no significant changes were found in their memory and calculation abilities.

Conclusion:

Both CCH and acupuncture treatments were found significantly effective for, respectively, enhancing the patients’ cognitive abilities and reducing their clinical symptoms. Further, calligraphy handwriting also improved the level of their attention and concentration, physical relaxation, and emotional stability.
The Establishment and Spread of Acupuncture Model Based on Different Cultures
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Sheng
Published: June 2019

The Belt and Road (B and R) brings a historic opportunity for the Chinese medicine culture communication, especially the traditional acupuncture. The high rate of acupuncture cognitive barriers is one of the important factors among patients and service providers in “B and R” countries. The proposed project, to be conducted in “B and R” countries, has the following primary aims: (1) to assess acupuncture knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions; (2) to assess acupuncture knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions among clinic staff; and (3) to adapt, develop, and deliver acupuncture education programs for patients and clinic staff. The secondary aims are as follows: (4) to explore the barriers that impact acupuncture receiving intervention and medical service and (5) to explore ways to help service providers to provide acupuncture services to patients in acupuncture clinics based on different cultures. Through an iterative process of discussion and revision, we plan to develop a comprehensive acupuncture intervention program that is appropriate for the “B and R” countries setting and that can be tested for its effectiveness in a series of controlled trials in future research.
Análise da Nova Resolução da ANAC para Concessão e Renovação de Habilitação de Tipo
Authors: Musy Rodrigo Rodrigues de  Carvalho , Mota João César Moura , Pessanha Marcus Vinícius Garcia Pacobahyba
Published: June 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma análise crítica sobre os novos procedimentos exigidos pela Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil para a concessão e/ou renovação de Habilitação de Tipo no Brasil. São descritos e analisados os impactos causados na aviação geral a partir da nova regulamentação, bem como apresentam-se procedimentos alternativos ou provisórios para a concessão e a renovação da Habilitação de Tipo, os quais podem ser úteis para uma proposição de normas de longo termo.
Análise da alteração no valor limite do IRI na qualidade funcional em pistas de pouso e decolagem de aeroportos brasileiros
Authors: Almeida Lucas Cavalcante de , Oliveira Francisco Heber Lacerda de , Chaves José Wémenson Rabelo
Published: June 2019

A irregularidade longitudinal de pavimentos rodoviários e aeroportuários, caracterizada no Brasil pelo IRI – International Roughness Index (Índice de Irregularidade Internacional), é um dos índices que permite a avaliação da serventia dos pavimentos. Considerando isso, este trabalho objetiva avaliar a irregularidade longitudinal nas pistas de pouso e decolagem dos aeroportos de João Pessoa, Recife, Salvador, Congonhas e Porto Alegre. Como resultado, devido à recente mudança no valor limite do IRI promovida pela Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC), concluiu-se que a maioria das pistas de pousos e decolagens analisadas possuem valores de irregularidade longitudinal abaixo do nível considerado adequado.
Political economics, collective action and wicked socio-ecological problems: A practice story from the field
Authors: Adams Lisa B. , Alter Theodore R. , Parkes Margot W. , Reid Michael , Woolnough Andrew P.
Published: June 2019

Empowering integrative, sustainable and equitable approaches to wicked socio-ecological problems requires multiple disciplines and ways of knowing. Following calls for greater attention to political economics in this transdisciplinary work, we offer a practitioner perspective on political economy and collective action and their influences on our community engagement practice and public policy. Our perspective is grounded in a pervasive wicked problem in Australia, invasive rabbits, and the emergence of the Victorian Rabbit Action Network. The network grew out of a publically funded research project to support community-led action in rabbit management. Victorian residents and workers affected by rabbits – public and private land managers, scientists, government officers and others – were invited to engage in a participatory planning process to generate sustainable strategies to address the rabbit problem. Each stage in the process, which involved interviews, a workshop and consultations, was designed to nurture the critical enquiry, listening and learning skills of participants, advance understandings of the problem from multiple perspectives, generate collective options to guide decision-making, and encourage community-led collective action. We reflect on our understanding of these processes using the language and lens of political economics and, in particular, the context of democratic professionalism. In so doing, we define terms and refer to information resources that have enabled us to bring a practical working knowledge of political economics to our professional practice. Our intent is to motivate academics, community members, government officials, and scientists alike, to draw on their knowledge and field experiences and to share practice stories through the lens of political economics and collective action. This is an opportunity to engage each other in small ‘p’ politics of how we understand and act on wicked problems, to negotiate and connect across disciplines, practical experiences and human difference, so that people may work more creatively and effectively together to address the challenging issues of our time.
Examination of effects of aerosols on a pyroCb and their dependence on fire intensity and aerosol perturbation using a cloud-system resolving model
Authors: Lee Seoung Soo , Kablick III George , Li Zhanqing
Published: June 2019

Abstract. This study investigates how a pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) event influences water vapor concentrations and cirrus cloud properties near the tropopause, specifically focusing on how fire-produced aerosols affect this role via a modeling framework. Results from a case study show that when observed fire intensity is high, there is an insignificant impact of fire-produced aerosols on the convective development of the pyroCb and associated changes in water vapor and the amount of cirrus cloud near the tropopause. However, as fire intensity weakens, the effects of aerosols on microphysical variables and processes such as droplet size and autoconversion increase. Modeling results shown herein indicate that aerosol-induced invigoration of convection is significant for pyroCb with weak-intensity fires and associated weak surface heat fluxes. Thus, there is a greater aerosol effect on the transportation of water vapor to the upper troposphere and the production of cirrus cloud with weak-intensity fires, whereas these effects are muted with strong-intensity fires.
Investigating the liquid water path over the tropical Atlantic with synergistic airborne measurements
Authors: Jacob Marek , Ament Felix , Gutleben Manuel , Konow Heike , Mech Mario , Wirth Martin , Crewell Susanne
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Liquid water path (LWP) is an important quantity to characterize clouds.
Passive microwave satellite sensors provide the most direct estimate on a global scale but suffer from high uncertainties due to large footprints and the superposition of cloud and precipitation signals.
Here, we use high spatial resolution airborne microwave radiometer (MWR) measurements together with cloud radar and lidar observations to better understand the LWP of warm clouds over the tropical North Atlantic.
The nadir measurements were taken by the German High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft (HALO) in December 2013 (dry season) and August 2016 (wet season) during two Next-generation Advanced Remote sensing for VALidation (NARVAL) campaigns. Microwave retrievals of integrated water vapor (IWV), LWP, and rainwater path (RWP) are developed using artificial neural network techniques.
A retrieval database is created using unique cloud-resolving simulations with 1.25 km grid spacing.
The IWV and LWP retrievals share the same eight MWR frequency channels in the range from 22 to 31 GHz and at 90 GHz as their sole input.
The RWP retrieval combines active and passive microwave observations and is able to detect drizzle and light precipitation.
The comparison of retrieved IWV with coincident dropsondes and water vapor lidar measurements shows root-mean-square deviations below 1.4 kg m−2 over the range from 20 to 60 kg m−2.
This comparison raises the confidence in LWP retrievals which can only be assessed theoretically.
The theoretical analysis shows that the LWP error is constant with 20 g m−2 for LWP below 100 g m−2.
While the absolute LWP error increases with increasing LWP, the relative one decreases from 20 % at 100 g m−2 to 10 % at 500 g m−2.
The identification of clear-sky scenes by ancillary measurements, here backscatter lidar, is crucial for thin clouds (LWP < 12 g m−2) as the microwave retrieved LWP uncertainty is higher than 100 %. The analysis of both campaigns reveals that clouds were more frequent (47 % vs. 30 % of the time) in the dry than in the wet season.
Their average LWP (63 vs. 40 g m−2) and RWP (6.7 vs. 2.7 g m−2) were higher as well.
Microwave scattering of ice, however, was observed less frequently in the dry season (0.5 % vs. 1.6 % of the time).
We hypothesize that a higher degree of cloud organization on larger scales in the wet season reduces the overall cloud cover and observed LWP.
As to be expected, the observed IWV clearly shows that the dry season is on average less humid than the wet season (28 vs. 41 kg m−2).
The results reveal that the observed frequency distributions of IWV are substantially affected by the choice of the flight pattern.
This should be kept in mind when using the airborne observations to carefully mediate between long-term ground-based and spaceborne measurements to draw statistically sound conclusions.
Molecular Characterization of Alkyl Nitrates in Atmospheric Aerosols by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhang Haofei , Xu Wen , Tyndall Geoffrey S. , Orlando John J. , Jayne John T. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Canagaratna Manjula R.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We demonstrate the capability of the Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (IMS-MS) for molecular characterization of reactive and short-lived alkyl nitrates (ANs) in atmospheric aerosols. We show significantly enhanced production of ion adducts from a selection of alkyl nitrates by clustering with inorganic anions such as chloride and nitrate during negative electrospray, a special chemical ionization mechanism in the condensed phase. This approach enables the detection of ANs that have low tendency to form molecular ions on their own by electrospray ionization. Molecular identity of each AN adduct is well constrained by the developed collision cross section vs. mass to charge ratio correlation, which provides a two-dimensional separation of the –ONO2 containing compounds on the basis of their molecular size and geometry. Structural information of AN molecules is further probed by the identification of characteristic fragments produced from the collision induced dissociation of parent AN adducts. Application of the IMS-MS technique is exemplified by the identification of hydroxy nitrates in secondary organic aerosols produced from isoprene photochemistry.
Improving the TROPOMI CO data product: update of the
spectroscopic database and destriping of single orbits
Authors: Borsdorff Tobias , aan de Brugh Joost , Schneider Andreas , Lorente Alba , Birk Manfred , Wagner Georg , Kivi Rigel , Hase Frank , Feist Dietrich G. , Sussmann Ralf , Rettinger Markus , Wunch Debra , Landgraf Jochen
Published: June 2019

Abstract. On 13 October 2017, the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) was launched on the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite in a sun-synchronous orbit. One of the mission's operational data products is the total column concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), which was released to the public in July 2018. Using HITRAN 2008 spectroscopic data with an updated water vapor spectroscopy, the CO data product is compliant with the mission requirement of 10 % precision and 15 % accuracy for single soundings. Comparison with ground-based CO observations of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) show systematic differences of about 6.4 ppb and single orbit observations are superimposed by a significant striping pattern along the flight path exceeding 5 ppb. In this study, we discuss possible improvements of the CO data product. We found that the molecular spectroscopic data used in the retrieval plays a key role for the data quality where the use of the Scientific Exploitation of Operational Missions – Improved Atmospheric Spectroscopy Databases (SEOM-IAS) and the HITRAN 2012 and 2016 releases reduce the bias between TROPOMI and TCCON due to improved CH4 spectroscopy. SEOM-IAS achieves the best spectral fitting quality and reduces the bias between TROPOMI and TCCON to 3.3 ppb while HITRAN 2012 and HITRAN 2016 decrease the bias even further below 1.1 ppb. Here, HITRAN 2012 worsens the fitting quality and furthermore introduces an artificial bias to the TROPOMI CO data product in the tropics caused by the H2O spectroscopic data. Moreover, analyzing one year of TROPOMI CO observations, we identified increased striping patterns by about 16 % percent from November 2017 to November 2018. To mitigate this effect, we discuss two destriping methods applied to the CO data a posteriori. A destriping mask calculated per orbit by median filtering of the data in the cross-track direction significantly improves the data quality. However, still better quality is achieved by a Fourier analysis and filtering of the data, which corrects not only for stripe patterns in cross-track direction but also accounts for the variability of stripes along the flight path.
Comparison of CSES ionospheric RO data with COSMIC measurements
Authors: Wang Xiuying , Cheng Wanli , Zhou Zihan , Xu Song , Yang Dehe , Cui Jing
Published: June 2019

Abstract. CSES is a newly launched electric-magnetic satellite in China; its main scientific objective is to monitor earthquake related disturbances in ionosphere. A GNSS occultation receiver (GOR) is installed on the satellite to inverse electron density related parameters. In order to validate the radio occultation (RO) data from GOR onboard CSES, a comparison between CSES RO and the co-located COSMIC RO data is conducted to check the consistency and reliability of the CSES RO data using measurements from February 12, 2018 to March 31, 2019. CSES RO peak values (NmF2), peak heights (hmF2), and electron density profiles (EPDs) are compared with corresponding COSMIC measurements in this study. The results show that: (1) NmF2s between CSES and COSMIC are in extremely good agreement with a correlation coefficient of 0.9891. The near zero bias between the two sets is 0.01235 × 105/cm3 with a RMSE of 0.3680 × 105/cm3; and the relative bias is 2.14 % with a relative RMSE of 16.40%, which are in accordance with previous studies according to error propagation rules. (2) hmF2s between the two missions are also in very good agreement with a correlation coefficient of 0.9379; the mean difference between the two sets is 0.73 km with a RMSE of 13.02 km, which is within the error limits of previous studies; (3) Co-located EDPs between the two sets are generally in good agreements, but with a better agreement for data above 200 km than that below this altitude. Data at the peak height ranges show the best agreement, and then data above the peak regions; data below the peak regions, especially at the altitude of about the E layer, show relatively large fluctuations. It is concluded that CSES RO data are in good agreement with COSMIC measurements, and the CSES RO data are applicable for most ionospheric-related studies. However, particular attention should be paid to EDP data below peak regions in application.
The wave spectrum in archipelagos
Authors: Björkqvist Jan-Victor , Pettersson Heidi , Kahma Kimmo K.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Sea surface waves are important for marine safety and coastal constructions, but mapping the wave properties at complex shorelines, such as coastal archipelagos, is challenging. The wave spectrum, E(f), contains a majority of the information about the wave field, and its properties have been studied for decades. Nevertheless, any systematic research into the wave spectrum in archipelagos has not been made. In this paper we present wave buoy measurements from 14 locations in the Finnish archipelago. The shape of the wave spectrum showed a systematic transition from a single peaked spectrum, to a spectrum with a wide frequency range having almost constant energy. The exact shape also depended on the wind direction, since the fetch, island, and bottom conditions are not isotropic. The deviation from the traditional spectral form is strong enough to have a measurable effect on the definitions of the significant wave height. The relation between the two definitions in the middle of the archipelago was H1/3 = 0.881 Hs, but the ratio varied with the spectral width (Hs was defined using the variance). At this same location the average value of the single highest wave, Hmax/Hs, was only 1.58. A wider archipelago spectrum was also associated with lower confidence limits for the significant wave height compared to the open sea (6 % vs. 9 %). The challenges regarding the instability of the peak frequency and the difficulties in finding a good characteristic frequency for an archipelago spectrum is discussed. The mean frequency, weighted with E(f)4, is proposed as a compromise between stability, and bias with respect to the peak frequency.
De la ciudad compacta a la ciudad extensa. Procesos de urbanización recientes en áreas urbanas españolas articuladas por ciudades medias
Authors: Olazabal Eduardo , Bellet Carmen
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es cuantificar y caracterizar el cambio de modelo de urbanización en áreas urbanas articuladas por ciudades medias en España, diferenciando entre el comportamiento de la cabecera y la periferia. Para ello se utilizan datos de las coberturas de suelo de Corine Land Cover y SIOSE, así como datos de población y vivienda de las últimas décadas. Los resultados permiten afirmar que son estas áreas urbanas las que experimentan los mayores crecimientos relativos en España. Dichos crecimientos se relacionan, principalmente, con la producción de suelo residencial de densidad media y baja alejado del núcleo principal, especialmente en los municipios periféricos. Aunque en muchas de esas áreas urbanas, sobre todo las de interior, la producción de suelo responde en buena parte también a usos no residenciales. Todo ello ha acabado por configurar extensas áreas urbanas complejas, más fragmentadas y menos densas.
Two minds are not always better than one: Modeling evidence for a single sentence analyzer
Authors: Parker Dan
Published: June 2019

A challenge for grammatical theories and models of language processing alike is to explain conflicting online and offline judgments about the acceptability of sentences. A prominent example of the online/offline mismatch involves “agreement attraction” in sentences like *The key to the cabinets were rusty, which are often erroneously treated as acceptable in time-restricted “online” measures, but judged as less acceptable in untimed “offline” tasks. The prevailing assumption is that online/offline mismatches are the product of two linguistic analyzers: one analyzer for rapid communication (the “parser”) and another, slower analyzer that classifies grammaticality (the “grammar”). A competing hypothesis states that online/offline mismatches reflect a single linguistic analyzer implemented in a noisy memory architecture that creates the opportunity for errors and conflicting judgments at different points in time. A challenge for the single-analyzer account is to explain why online and offline tasks sometimes yield conflicting responses if they are mediated by the same analyzer. The current study addresses this challenge by showing how agreement attraction effects might come and go over time in a single-analyzer architecture. Experiments 1 and 2 use an agreement attraction paradigm to directly compare online and offline judgments, and confirm that the online/offline contrast reflects the time restriction in online tasks. Experiment 3 then uses computational modeling to capture the mapping from online to offline responses as a process of sequential memory sampling in a single-analyzer framework. This demonstration provides some proof-of-concept for the single-analyzer account and offers an explicit process model for the mapping between online and offline responses.
Evaluación pesquera de especies de interés cultural y económico en el sistema lagunar de Karataska
Authors: Ortiz Nhering Daniel , Andrade Josue Luis , Irías López Ester Agar , Irias Coello Alexis
Published: June 2019

El plan de manejo pesquero para el Sistema Lagunar de Karataska en la Moskitia hondureña registró 80 especies distribuidas entre peces, moluscos y crustáceos de los cuales cerca del 40% de estas especies son de interés económico y cultural. Las comunidades indígenas miskitas hondureñas viven principalmente de la pesca artesanal tanto para el autoconsumo como para la venta a pequeña escala de robalo y otras especies. Con el objetivo de alcanzar el manejo sostenible de las pesquerías artesanales del robalo (Centropomus undecimalis, Centropomus pectinatus y Centropomus parallelus) y la kawacha (Eugerres plumieri) en la laguna de Karataska, el Proyecto Moskitia de PNUD/GEF con la asesoría científica de la UNAH, realizó una evaluación de las principales especies ícticas de interés cultural y económico del Sistema Lagunar de Karataska. Esta evaluación comprendió la aplicación del modelo analítico del enfoque cuantitativo en el periodo 2012-2014. La estimación de la mortalidad total (Z) fue de 1.78 para Centropomus undecimalis y 1.67 para Eugerresplumieri, lo que indica que ambas especies se encuentran en fases de explotación intensa, el análisis de cohorte de Jones muestra de forma muy preliminar que el rendimiento máximo sostenible (RMS) para Centropomus undecimalis es de 69,193.17 toneladas y para Eugerres plumieri es de 17,8604.59 toneladas. De esta manera el Proyecto Moskitia de PNUD/GEF y la UNAH aportan conocimientos científicos, con el fin de brindar herramientas de manejo a los pobladores miskitos para el ordenamiento de sus recursos pesqueros.
Percepción de autoridades educativas y profesores del área de Letras de Educación media acerca de la PAA en cuatro colegios del municipio de Santa Rosa, Departamento de Copán
Authors: Cortes Linda Concepción
Published: June 2019

El artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos con la investigación realizada en 2017desde el Centro Regional Universitario de Occidente UNAH-CUROC, con el objetivo general de conocer cuál es la percepción que tienen, tanto autoridades educativas como profesores de español de nivel medio de cuatro colegios del municipio de Santa Rosa, Departamento de Copán, acerca de la Prueba de Aptitud Académica (PAA) que aplica la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de  Honduras como herramienta de admisión. En tal sentido, se pretendía conocer si hasta la fecha, ha existido o no, una alianza entre la UNAH-CUROC y  educación media con la finalidad de establecer un puente hacia la continuidad de los procesos de profesionalización, desde el colegio hasta graduarse del pregrado superior. La metodología de trabajo consistió en aplicar cuestionarios con preguntas abiertas al Director Departamental de Educación de Copán, los directores de los colegios señalados, los profesores de Lengua y Literatura del II de Bachillerato Científico Humanista, y del mismo modo, se hizo observaciónde sus clases en las respectivas aulas, donde pudo apreciarse la metodología didáctica, los recursos o materiales usados y la adecuación del espacio pedagógico. Este proceso finalizó con un taller de capacitación acerca de los ítems que conforman la PAA a 14 directores de colegios y a 86 profesores de las áreas de español y matemáticas de Copán.
Los empaques biodegradables, una respuesta a la consciencia ambiental de los consumidores
Authors: Rivera Cecilia , Contreras Fátima , Ariza Wendy , Bonilla Stephanie , Cruz Andrea
Published: June 2019

No abstract available.
 
Realidad Empresarial No. 7, 2019: 2-8
Будущее человечества и новая картина мира
Authors: Касавин И.Т. ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: June 2019

Статья является откликом на недавний сорок третий доклад Римскому клубу, подготовленный к его полувековому юбилею. Отмечается специфика данного доклада, в котором главный акцент делается не только на анализе современных глобальных проблем, но и на их источнике – мировоззренческом кризисе. Многократно отмечавшиеся в предыдущих докладах глобальные риски и угрозы самому существованию человечества могут быть преодолены лишь на основе радикального изменения мировоззрения, а именно «нового Просвещения». Мир настолько изменился в результате деятельности человека, что более нет простора для экстенсивного развития. Отныне это «полный мир», мир не Ньютона, а Декарта, в котором любой акт оказывает сильное воздействие на окружение. При этом человеческое мышление не изменилось, что чревато самыми трагическими катаклизмами. Представляется, что наиболее убедительной является первая часть доклада, которая демонстрирует глубину и глобальность современного кризиса. Вторая часть доклада, предметом которой является критика некоторого расплывчатого конгломерата под именем «современной философии» и декларация «нового Просвещения», заслуживает критики по причине своей синкретичности и стремления соединить несоединимое. Последнюю часть доклада, содержащую практические рекомендации, оценить труднее, поскольку они требуют проверки на практике. Однако предлагаемые решения во многих случаях выглядят едва ли реализуемы- ми, а то и просто утопическими. Вероятно, единственная функция, которую выполняет данный доклад в полной мере, это привлечение внимания общественности к той трудной ситуации, в которой находится современный мир.
Человечество и Megascience – проблемы и перспективы
Authors: Рассадин Александр Эдуардович ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: June 2019

Статья представляет собой развернутый комментарий к докладу В.С. Пронских «Proto-Megascience. Перевод интересов в зоне обмена». Как результат анализа конкретного проекта Megascience поставлен вопрос о сравнении гносеологического потенциала такой коллаборации с гносеологическим потенциалом одного ученого. Кроме того, предложено решение вопроса о равноценности интеллектуального и технологического обмена участников проектов Megascience.
Ответ моим оппонентам
Authors: Пронских Виталий Станиславович ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: June 2019

Приводится краткий ответ докладчика на замечания комментаторов.
О философии образования У. Хьюэлла
Authors: Тухватулина Лиана Анваровна ,   Lobachevsky State University Press
Published: June 2019

Данный текст представляет собой предисловие к переводу главы из работы «О принципах английского университетского образования» Уильяма Хьюэлла. Автор кратко описывает положение дел в английских университетах (преимущественно, в Кембридже) в первой трети XIX в., характеризуя, в частности, уровень развития и преподавания математики. В статье также реконструируются общие установки У. Хьюэлла относительно идеи университетского образования и подходов к преподаванию. Автор полагает, что актуальность идей У. Хьюэлла связана с заинтересованностью современного общества в модернизации высшего образования, с переходом к «компетентностному» подходу в обучении. Автор полагает, что «практической» модели преподавания, которую отстаивал Хьюэлл, соответствует идея интеграция программы STS в курс философии для непрофильных факультетов.