bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expert System for Simulation of Pest and Disease Diagnosis in Onion Plant Using Putty Shafer Method and Rule-Based Approach
Authors: Dianingrum Melia , Hermanto Nandang , Rifa'i Mohamad Iqbal
Published: November 2020

The expert system is trying to adopt a system of human knowledge into a computer so that the computer can solve problems like the experts. The expert system is well designed in order to solve a particular problem by mimicking the work of the expert. The development of an expert system is expected to be resolved problems with the help of experts. The problems addressed by an expert not only the problems that rely on algorithms but sometimes elusive problems. An expert with knowledge and experience can overcome these problems. The application of an expert system in this study is made to diagnose pests and diseases in onion plants based on the web. The Data Collection method used is literature studies, interviews and observation. The stages of research used are literature review, data processing analyst, and Onion analyzed and photographed which then is uploaded and analyzed, Dempster Shafer method, application development, evaluation. In the last stage is the pilot study conducted using a Blackbox method and testing to the user. The result of the research is in the form of an expert system application that can diagnose pests and diseases of onion as many as 7 types of diseases. The output system is in the form of onion disease searching result obtained based on the symptoms inputted by the user. The result of Blackbox Testing is all functions of the application successfully run well. Testing to the users rated well both appearance and information of the application.
Support System for Determination of Low-Income Students Scholarship (BSM) with Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)
Authors: Azis Abdul , Kusuma Bagus Adhi , Maselia Alfika
Published: November 2020

Muhammadiyah 3 Middle School in Purwokerto is the school that organizes the Low-Income Students Scholarship (BSM) program every first semester held in each new school year. During this time, processing student data and other equipment have been processed with manual calculations, as well as data storage using only Microsoft Excel. In selecting ranking, it still uses paper. The paper calculation on the selection of BSM recipients in the previous year is often lost and hard to find already needed, also there is no particular system for processing the data so that the subjective method is still needed by relying trusts on personal. The purpose of this study is the creation of a Decision Support System (DSS) application for Determining Low-Income Students Scholarship (BSM) using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method at Muhammadiyah 3 Middle School in Purwokerto so that the selection process of Low-Income Students Scholarship (BSM) can be used. So that it is right on target to students who are entitled to BSM and can store data safely. The system development method used is a waterfall.
Classification of Low Birth Weight Baby Under Anthropometry uses Algorithms K-Means Clustering on Maternity Hospital
Authors: Santiko Irfan , Kurniawan Deni
Published: November 2020

LBW infants with birth weight less than 2500 grams regardless gestation period. Low birth weight is the weight of a baby who weighed within 1 hour after birth. World Health Organization (WHO) since 1961 states that all newborns are underweight or equal to 2,500 g called low birth weight infant (low birth weight). According to WHO. Statistically, morbidity and mortality in neonates in developing countries is high, with the main causes is associated with LBW. To facilitate medical personnel in determining the risk of LBW. From the testing that has been done by the author, the k-means clustering algorithm has accuracy in classifying LBW babies by spacing the proximity between variables and the similarities in the test data,
Educación Ambiental para el Desarrollo de Capacidades en Comunidades Rurales del Parque Nacional Pico de Orizaba
Authors: Landero-Hernández Lourdes , Chamorro-Zarate María de los Ángeles , Domínguez-González Nancy , Viveros-Contreras Rodolfo , Narave-Flores Venancio
Published: November 2020

El Área Natural Protegida Parque Nacional Pico de Orizaba, tiene una superficie de 19, 750 ha, es la montaña con mayor altitud en México con 5, 636 msnm. Brinda valiosos servicios ambientales, es una importante área de captación para la recarga de acuíferos, mantiene la red hidrológica superficial de varias cuencas, abasteciendo de agua a más de un millón de personas resguardándolas además, ante fenómenos climáticos extremos. Conservar los bosques de coníferas y páramos de altura de esta zona, contribuye a conservar el único glaciar   presente en la montaña. A pesar de ser importante por los servicios que provee, actualmente enfrenta diferentes problemáticas ambientales (caza de fauna silvestre, tala e incendios forestales, por mencionar algunos), que merman las acciones de conservación implementadas. La pérdida de biodiversidad debido principalmente a las actividades realizadas por las comunidades rurales con un alto grado de marginación que se encuentran colindantes, han afectado a especies de gran importancia. En el presente trabajo se aplicaron diferentes estrategias de Educación Ambiental como: capacitaciones, gestión de proyectos, vinculación con otros sectores y con otras comunidades, fortaleciendo las acciones de conservación. Las estrategias se implementaron en dos comunidades: Puerto Nacional en el municipio de Tlachichuca del estado de Puebla y Rancho Nuevo en el municipio de La Perla del estado de Veracruz. Se propició el desarrollo de capacidades de las comunidades, mediante la aplicación de cinco capacitaciones abordando diferentes temas y la creación de grupos de trabajo dando pauta a alternativas laborales que permitan la conservación de la diversidad biológica del parque.
A New Model for Reliable Facility Location Problem under Random Disruptions
Authors: Rajaei M. , Moattarhusseini S.M. , Parvaresh F.
Published: November 2020

Supply chains are subject to various types of disruptions. In this paper, we analyze the problem of locating facilities in a supply chain under random disruptions on facilities. We present a new reliable location model called ‘the α-reliable Minimax regret’ which we apply it to the capacitated reliable fixed charge location problem. The model minimizes the worst-case regret with respect to a subset of worst-case scenarios whose collective probability of occurrence is at least α. The model is solved by CPLEX. Computational Results show it is efficient.
Distributed Shared Files Management
Authors: Malgaonkar Saurabh , Surve Sakshi Geeta , Bhelande Manish
Published: November 2020

Most often file sharing is the common and basic requirement when users work on a particular domain or area of interest. Users can use software that connects in to a peer-to-peer network to access shared files on the computers of other users (i.e. peers) connected to the network. Files of interest can then be downloaded directly from other users on the network. So this concept is similar to a distributed file system where files are distributed across the network but the users have an illusion of a centralized file system and also avoids its high complexity and cost of implementation. Emphasis is more on location and access transparency.
The Use of Determinants of Length of Stay in the Post-anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) at the Philippine General Hospital among Postoperative Patients who Underwent Elective Surgeries to Create a Predictive Model for PACU Length of Stay
Authors: Aspi Maria Teresita B. , Ko-Villa Evangeline
Published: November 2020

Background. The aims of this study were to determine the average length of stay in the Post-anesthesia CareUnit (PACU LOS) in the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) and to create a model that will predict the PACU LOSbased on the factors that significantly affect the LOS. Determination and prediction of PACU LOS is essential inresource utilization, and in cost containment and reduction. Addressing the modifiable variables that affect thePACU LOS may lead to an improvement in the LOS of patients in the PACU and, consequently, to better recoveryroom staffing and a reduced cost for the patients and the hospital.

Methods. A prospective chart review of 400 postoperative patients admitted in the PGH PACU was done. Summarystatistics were presented. Using the set of variables found to be significant, a regression model was formulatedto estimate the PACU LOS.

Results. The mean PACU LOS was 4.59 hours. There were significant differences in the mean PACU LOS basedon the occurrence of complications. There were also significant differences in the median PACU LOS based onthe type and duration of surgery, anesthetic technique, and duration of anesthesia. The multiple linear regressionmodel that best predicted PACU LOS included ASA-PS classification, type of surgery, duration of surgery, anesthetictechnique, and occurrence of intraoperative or postoperative complications.

Conclusions. The mean PACU LOS of the Philippine Genera Hospital is higher than that of published data. Thefactors included in the model that best predicts PACU LOS may be studied to improve the PACU LOS.
Heat flow in a harmonic chain due to an impulse disturbance
Authors:   Institute for Applied Mathematics, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, Gudimenko A.I.
Published: November 2020

The heat motion in a one-dimensional semi-infinite chain of coupled harmonic oscillators is studied for the Maxwell distribution of initial velocities and zero initial displacements of the chain particles. It is believed that such initial conditions are achieved by an impulse heating of the sample. Exact analytical expressions for the state correlation functions, local temperature, and local heat current of the chain are obtained.
Growth and Yield Response of Signal Grass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf) Applied with Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer
Authors: AGUİNOD Gina Arcuino , GORNE Nello
Published: November 2020

Application of fertilizers is essential to sustain the yield of forage crops, hence, this study was conducted to: 1) evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilization rates on the growth and yield of signal grass and 2) determine the appropriate nitrogen fertilization rate for optimum production of signal grass. It was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and five treatments (T0 – Unfertilized, T1 – 30 kg N ha-1; T2 – 60 kg N ha-1; T3 – 90 kg N ha-1 and T4 – 120 kg N ha-1). The plant height, number of tillers hill-1, fresh herbage yield and dry matter yield of signal grass were significantly affected by the different rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Increasing the levels of N fertilization correspondingly improved its overall performance with plants applied with 120 kg N ha-1 having the tallest, most number of tillers and heaviest fresh herbage and dry matter yields among fertilized plants. However, the appropriate fertilization rate for optimum production was 90 kg N ha-1 as the aforementioned parameters were comparable to that of the higher rate yet of lower amount of N fertilizer needed resulting in lower production cost and higher income.
Groundwater Sustainability and the Divergence of Rock Types in a Typical Crystalline Basement Complex Region, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: ADESOLA Bawallah Musa , ABDUL-NAFİU Adiat Kola , ADEWALE Akinlalu Ayokunle , STEPHEN Ilugbo , OMOWONUOLA Akinluyi Francis , OMANG Benjami Odey , AKİNOLA Oyedele Akintunde , GREGORY Omosuyi Oluwole , ISAAC Aigbedion
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the relationship among the various types of rock within the basement complex region and their possible yield in term of groundwater productivity. Four different rock types were considered at various locations in Akure metropolis. Electrical resistivity method was adopted using Horizontal Profiling utilizing Wenner array as well as Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique using Schlumberger configuration. The Horizontal Profiling technique was used to determine areas characterized by structural features associated with weak zones that may be diagnostics of cracks, joints, fractures or highly weathered geologic material, while VES was used as a follow up to identified weak zones as a confirmatory test as well as delineation of layer stratification and geologic materials associated with layer parameters that maybe applicable for groundwater occurrence. The results derived from geoelectric parameters were used to determine the second order parameters (Dar-zarouk) for groundwater productivity modeling. The finding reflects the various yield capacity of the different rock types that were considered for this study and without prejudice to fracture/thick weathered basement.
The Electronic Payment as an Effective Way to Improve the Electronic Government Services: Electronic "Tasdeed" Technology in Kuwait as a Model
Authors: Zouaouid Lazhari , Hajej Nafissa
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to highlight the effectiveness of electronic payment in improving electronic government services, as an important tool that can raise the level of satisfaction of clients and businesses on the performance and quality of services by the government. The analytical descriptive approach was used in the study as the most appropriate to answer its problem, which is mainly focused on the contribution of the electronic payment method to improving e-government services, this topic was also dropped on the experience of the State of Kuwait through the project "Tasdeed" to push the government which represents the distinctive electronic payment of government fees and income through the provision of advanced electronic services to the government.

The study reached a set of results, most notably that the government electronic payment system "Tasdeed" in Kuwait is an ambitious model that contributed effectively to the embodiment and establishment of e-government by improving and improving the services.
A Predictive Study of Electricity Consumption Fluctuations Using the Autoregressive-Moving-Average Models: Wilaya of Medea as a Case Study (2011-2017)
Authors: Tahar Chermat , Youcef Bouaichaoui
Published: November 2020

The study aims to model the consumption of electricity in the Wilaya “Town” of Medea by using the autoregressive–moving-average models for the period from January 2011 to December 2017, which includes 84 views and then the prediction of consumption in a short term, the study found that the electricity consumed follows the model (4.0) ASARMA. In a form of a multiplicative model of Increasing general trend.
Training Audit an Evaluation Tool in the Service of The Quality Management System (QMS)
Authors: Dahlab Ania
Published: November 2020

There is no need to prove or argue that the company continues to be the pillar of a sustainable economy by representing the only bulwark of the market economy.In the current global context of fierce global competition, the lack of quality within the Algerian company has become an imperative for competitiveness, sustainability and development, which creates a certain framework for improving productivity and organizational and managerial success. And its perfect mastery, through its good transmission and integration through training and skills development, can promote better performance.

Given the importance of training in the success of the QMS set up. Several companies have taken steps to monitor it by setting up an audit structure. The practice of an audit is essential for a company that is part of a continuous improvement process.

This article is the result of field work,  for this contribution, we were able to take the elements collected during a survey carried out within the company ENIEM (National Company of the Household Appliances Industries). This is an Algerian public economic company.  The survey, as a research tool, not only allowed us to understand the place of training in HRM, but also to take the opportunity to highlight the steps that were used to conduct a Training Audit.

JEL Classification: D02 ;  D8 ;  M42 ;  L15
Mind the Gap of Inequalities Between and Within Countries
Authors: Trifu Alexandru
Published: November 2020

"Mind the gap!" is an expression meaning a visual or audible warning phrase to take caution while crossing the gap between the train door and the platform. The subject of this paper is to highlight the existing inequalities, even the case of East-West, and the necessity that, by political will and concrete economic and social measures, not only by warnings, mitigate these disparities for the benefit of the parties concerned.
This means that, through continuous political awareness of these inequalities, paying attention to this scourge of today’s world and implementing such measures in order to ensure a strategic game type win-win.
The methods used in this paper are represented by primary data collected from international reports and situations about the status of today’s world countries and national analyses published. All these data and information become base for the analyses of this issue and the emergence of valuable recommendations, rather than conclusions, regarding the counterbalance East and West, apart from the famous and classic example of  David Ricardo regarding the theory of the international trade between the rich and developed North and the poor and underdeveloped/developing South, in Europe and the world.
Awareness, alertness and prompt responses to all challenges and a balanced development type win-win, here they are the keys for a modus vivendi and sustainable evolution.
Choreography
Authors: Minton Sandra Cerny
Published: November 2020

Choreography: A Basic Approach Using Improvisation is the complete guide to understanding the entire process of choreography, from concept to stage production. Thousands of dancers and dance instructors have used the first two editions of this book to solve common challenges in choreography, improvise movement phrases, expand movements into dances, and organize dances into complete productions and concerts.

This updated edition includes examples of how today's multimedia technology can be used to enhance choreography with special lighting effects, slide and PowerPoint projections, virtual dance performances, video conferencing, and motion capture. Each chapter contains movement exploration exercises, review and reflection questions, and application challenges that will help readers develop a better understanding of the choreographic concepts provided. And more than 70 high-quality photos provide a visual frame of reference and clarify key concepts.

Choreography: A Basic Approach Using Improvisation bridges the theoretical and practical aspects of the choreographic process. It is an excellent reference for serious dancers, choreographers, dance instructors, and teachers who want to understand the creative process of transforming movement into dance.
Differences in the QBO response to stratospheric aerosol
modification depending on injection strategy and species
Authors: Franke Henning , Niemeier Ulrike , Visioni Daniele
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A known adverse side effect of stratospheric aerosol modification (SAM) is the modification of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), which is caused by the stratospheric heating associated with an artificial aerosol layer. Multiple studies found the QBO to slow down or even completely vanish for point-like injections of SO2 at the equator. The cause for this was found to be a modification of the thermal wind balance and a stronger tropical upwelling. For other injection strategies, different responses of the QBO have been observed. It has not yet been presented a theory which is able to explain those differences in a comprehensive manner, which is further complicated by the fact that the simulated QBO response is highly sensitive to the used model even under identical boundary conditions. Therefore, within this study we investigate the response of the QBO to SAM for three different injection strategies (point-like injection at the equator, point-like injection at 30° N and 30° S simultaneously, and areal injection into a 60° wide belt along the equator). Our simulations confirm that the QBO response significantly depends on the injection location. Based on the thermal wind balance, we demonstrate that this dependency is explained by differences in the meridional structure of the aerosol-induced stratospheric warming, i.e. the location and meridional extension of the maximum warming. Additionally, we also tested two different injection species (SO2 and H2SO4). The QBO response is qualitatively similar for both investigated injection species. Comparing the results to corresponding results of a second model, we further demonstrate the generality of our theory as well as the importance of an interactive treatment of stratospheric ozone for the simulated QBO response.
Statistical aerosol properties associated with fire events from 2002
to 2019 along with a case analysis in 2019 over Australia
Authors: Yang Xingchuan , Zhao Chuanfeng , Yang Yikun , Yan Xing , Fan Hao
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Wildfires are an important contributor to atmospheric aerosols in Australia and could significantly affect regional and even global climate. This study investigates the impact of fire events on aerosol properties along with the long-range transport of biomass burning aerosols over Australia using multi-year measurements from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) at ten sites over Australia, satellite dataset derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), reanalysis data from Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), and back-trajectories from the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT). Strong correlation (0.62) was found between fire radiative power (FRP) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Australia, suggesting the significant contribution to aerosols from fires. The fire count, FRP, and AOD showed distinct and consistent interannual variations with high values during September–February (Biomass Burning period, BB period) and low values during March–August (non-Biomass Burning period, non-BB period) every year. The annual average contribution of carbonaceous, dust, sulfate and sea salt aerosols to total aerosol were 26.24 %, 23.38 %, 26.36 % and 24.02 %, respectively. The results from AERONET, MODIS, and MERRA-2 showed that AOD values significantly increased with fine mode aerosol dominated during BB period, especially in northern and southeastern Australia. Further, Carbonaceous aerosol was the main contributor to total aerosols during BB period, especially in September–December when carbonaceous aerosol contributed the most (30.08–42.91 %). The great fires during the BB period of 2019/2020 further demonstrated significant impact on aerosol properties, such as the extreme increase in AOD for most southeastern Australia, the dominance of fine particle aerosols, and the significant increase in carbonaceous and dust aerosols in southeastern and central Australia, respectively. Moreover, smoke was found as the dominant aerosol type detected at heights 2.5–12 km in southeastern Australia in December 2019 and at heights roughly from 6.2 to 12 km in January 2020. In contrast, dust was detected more frequently at heights from 2 to 5 km in November 2019, January, and February 2020. A case analysis revealed that significant changes in aerosol properties including aerosol loading, aerosol particle size, aerosol type in central Australia could be caused during the BB period of 2019/2020 due to the long-range transport of biomass burning aerosols from eastern and southern Australia.
Probabilistic retrieval of volcanic SO2 layer height and partial column density using the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)
Authors: Hyman David M. , Pavolonis Michael J.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. During most volcanic eruptions and many periods of volcanic unrest, detectable quantities of sulfur dioxide (SO2) are injected into the atmosphere at a wide range of altitudes, from ground level to the lower stratosphere. Because the fine ash fraction of a volcanic plume is, at times, colocated with SO2 emissions, global tracking of volcanic SO2 is useful in tracking the hazard long after ash detection becomes dominated by noise. Typically, retrievals of SO2 vertical column density (VCD) have relied heavily on hyperspectral ultraviolet measurements. More recently, infrared sounders have provided additional VCD measurements and estimates of the SO2 layer altitude, adding significant value to real-time monitoring of volcanic emissions and climatological analyses. These methods can provide fast and accurate physics-based retrievals of VCD and altitude without regard to solar irradiance, meaning that they are effective day and night and can observe high-latitude SO2 even in the winter. In this study, we detail a probabilistic enhancement of an infrared SO2 retrieval method, based on a modified trace gas retrieval, to estimate SO2 VCD and altitude probabilistically using the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) series of satellites. The methodology requires the characterization of real SO2-free spectra aggregated seasonally and spatially. The probabilistic approach replaces altitude and VCD estimates with probability density functions for the layer height and the partial VCD at multiple heights, fully quantifying the retrieval uncertainty and allowing the estimation of SO2 partitioning by layer. This framework adds significant value over basic VCD and altitude retrieval because it can be used to assign probabilities of SO2 occurrence to different atmospheric intervals. We highlight analyses of several recent significant eruptions, including the 22 June 2019 eruption of Raikoke volcano, in the Kuril Islands; the mid-December 2016 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, in the Aleutian Islands; and the 26 June 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, in the Galapagos Islands. This retrieval method is currently being implemented in the VOLcanic Cloud Analysis Toolkit (VOLCAT), where it will be used to generate additional cloud object properties for real-time detection, probabilistic characterization, and tracking of volcanic clouds in support of aviation safety.
Use of optical absorption indices to assess seasonal variability of dissolved organic matter in Amazon floodplain lakes
Authors: da Silva Maria Paula , Sander de Carvalho Lino A. , Novo Evlyn , Jorge Daniel S. F. , Barbosa Claudio C. F.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Given the importance of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in
the carbon cycling of aquatic ecosystems, information on its seasonal
variability is crucial. In this study we assess the use of
optical absorption indices available in the literature based on in situ data to both characterize the
seasonal variability of DOM in a highly complex environment and for
application in large-scale studies using remote sensing data. The study area
comprises four lakes located in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development
Reserve (MSDR). Samples for the determination of colored dissolved organic
matter (CDOM) and measurements of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) were
acquired in situ. The Rrs was used to simulate the response of the visible
bands of the Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI), which was used in the
proposed models. Differences between lakes were tested using the CDOM
indices. The results highlight the role of the flood pulse in the DOM
dynamics at the floodplain lakes. The validation results show that the use of the absorption coefficient of CDOM
(aCDOM) as a proxy of the spectral slope between 275 and 295 nm (S275–295) during rising water is worthwhile,
demonstrating its potential application to Sentinel-2 MSI imagery data for
studying DOM dynamics on the large scale.
Top-down and bottom-up controls on mountain-hopping erosion:
insights from detrital 10Be and river profile analysis in Central
Guatemala
Authors: Brocard Gilles Y. , Willenbring Jane K. , Salles Tristan , Cosca Michael , Guttiérez-Orrego Axel , Cacao-Chiquín Noé , Morán-Ical Sergio , Teyssier Christian
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The presence of a mountain affects the circulation of water in the atmosphere and over the land surface. These effects are felt over some distance, beyond the extent of the mountain, controlling precipitation delivery and river incision over surrounding landmasses. The rise of a new mountain range therefore affects the erosion of pre-existing mountains located in close proximity. We document here this phenomenon in the mountains of Central Guatemala. The 40Ar-39Ar dating of lava flows shows that two parallel, closely spaced mountain ranges formed during two consecutive pulses of single-stepped uplift, one from 12 to 7 Ma, and the second one since 7 Ma. The distribution of erosion rates derived from the analysis of detrital cosmogenic 10Be in river sediments shows that the younger range erodes faster (~300 m/My) than the older one (20–150 m/My), and that erosion correlates with the amount of precipitation. Moisture tracking form the Caribbean Sea is intercepted by the younger range, which casts a rain shadow over the older one. The analysis of river long-profiles provides a record of longer-term interactions between the two ranges. The rivers that drain the older range were diverted by the younger range during the early stages of its rise. A few rivers were able to maintain their course across the young range, through profile steepening, but incision completely stalled along their upper reaches, upstream of the younger range. As a result, the older range has been passively uplifted, and entered a phase of a slow topographic decay: pediments have formed along its base, while ancient upstream-migrating waves of erosion, located farther up the mountain flanks, have almost stopped migrating. Aridification and cessation of river incision together explain the slowing down of erosion over the older range. They represent top-down and bottom-up processes whereby the younger range controls erosion over the older one. These controls are regarded as instrumental in the nucleation and enlargement of orogenic plateaus forming above continental accretionary wedges.
SUGARCANE PRODUCTIVITY ESTIMATION THROUGH PROCESSING HYPERSPECTRAL SIGNATURES USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Espinosa C. E. , Velásquez S. , Hernández F. L.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This project uses an artificial neural network to calculate the net primary productivity of an organic sugarcane crop in Hatico’s farm, in Cerrito, Valle del Cauca. The pilot scheme used in this project is composed by 6 treatments of nitrogen fertilization based on green manures (poultry manure and cowpea). During the last two crops’ phenological phases, the artificial neural network was provided with hyperspectral data collected in the field. In addition, an exploratory data study was implemented in order to identify anomalous signs related to the light saturation and the curvature geometry. The first network applied was Autoencoder, in order to reduce the dimensionality of the radiometric resolution of the data. The second network applied was Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), to calculate the productivity values of the patches. After having compared the actual productivity values provided by Cenicaña, this project obtained an accuracy of 91.23% in the productivity predictions.
WETLAND MAPPING WITH MULTITEMPORAL SENTINEL RADAR REMOTE SENSING IN THE SOUTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL
Authors: Salinas J. B. G. , Eggerth M. K. P. , Miller M. E. , Meza R. R. B. , Chacaltana J. T. A. , Acuña J. R. , Barroso G. F.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A classification method with multi-temporal images of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) combined with Geographic information system, geoinformation data, and field validation, was applied for wetland mapping accuracy and typology. Wetland mapping is vital for management and conservation, particularly under environmental pressures such as wetland drainage and land reclamation. The aim of this study is to develop an accurate mapping of wetlands and open water systems of the Lower Doce River Valley - LDRV (Southeastern Brazil) with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery, using multitemporal classification techniques and ground truth validation. Sentinel-1B SAR imagery from 2016 and 2019 was processed with Google Earth Engine (GEE). Monthly median imagery condition for the rainy season was obtained and K-means unsupervised classification was applied. The study yields 4,157 wetlands, 262.27 km2 with predominant small patches. Fieldwork revealed three main wetlands categories: coastal wetlands, inland wetlands and artificial wetlands. The results have shown an overall accuracy of 81.9% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.71. Wetlands, non-wetlands, and open waters classes present accuracy of 50, 80 and 95%, respectively.
Are flood damage models converging to “reality”? Lessons learnt from a blind test
Authors: Molinari Daniela , Scorzini Anna Rita , Arrighi Chiara , Carisi Francesca , Castelli Fabio , Domeneghetti Alessio , Gallazzi Alice , Galliani Marta , Grelot Frédéric , Kellermann Patric , Kreibich Heidi , Mohor Guilherme S. , Mosimann Markus , Natho Stephanie , Richert Claire , Schroeter Kai , Thieken Annegret H. , Zischg Andreas Paul , Ballio Francesco
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Effective flood risk management requires a realistic estimation of flood losses. However, available flood damage estimates are still characterized
by significant levels of uncertainty, questioning the capacity of flood damage models to depict real damages. With a joint effort of eight
international research groups, the objective of this study was to compare, in a blind-validation test, the performances of different models for the
assessment of the direct flood damage to the residential sector at the building level (i.e. microscale). The test consisted of a common flood case
study characterized by high availability of hazard and building data but with undisclosed information on observed losses in the implementation
stage of the models. The nine selected models were chosen in order to guarantee a good mastery of the models by the research teams, variety of the
modelling approaches, and heterogeneity of the original calibration context in relation to both hazard and vulnerability features. By avoiding
possible biases in model implementation, this blind comparison provided more objective insights on the transferability of the models and on the
reliability of their estimations, especially regarding the potentials of local and multivariable models. From another perspective, the exercise
allowed us to increase awareness of strengths and limits of flood damage modelling, which are summarized in the paper in the form of take-home messages
from a modeller's perspective.
Bardsey – an island in a strong tidal stream: underestimating coastal tides due to unresolved topography
Authors: Green J. A. Mattias , Pugh David T.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Bardsey Island is located at the western end of the Llŷn Peninsula in
northwestern Wales. Separated from the mainland by a channel that is some 3 km wide, it
is surrounded by reversing tidal streams of up to 4 m s−1 during spring
tides. These local hydrodynamic details and their consequences are
unresolved by satellite altimetry and are not represented in regional
tidal models. Here we look at the effects of the island on the strong tidal
stream in terms of the budgets for tidal energy dissipation and the
formation and shedding of eddies. We show, using local observations and a
satellite-altimetry-constrained product (TPXO9), that the island has a large
impact on the tidal stream and that even in this latest altimetry-constrained product the derived tidal stream is under-represented due to the
island not being resolved. The effect of the island leads to an
underestimate of the current speed in the TPXO9 data in the channel of up to
a factor of 2.5, depending on the timing in the spring–neap cycle, and the
average tidal energy resource is underestimated by a factor up to 14. The
observed tidal amplitudes are higher at the mainland than at the island, and
there is a detectable phase lag in the tide across the island; this effect
is not seen in the TPXO9 data. The underestimate of the tide in the TPXO9
data has consequences for tidal dissipation and wake effect computation and
shows that local observations are key to correctly estimating tidal energetics
around small-scale coastal topography.
Using horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios to construct shear-wave velocity profiles
Authors: van Ginkel Janneke , Ruigrok Elmer , Herber Rien
Published: November 2020

Abstract. For seismic hazard assessment and earthquake hypocentre localization, detailed shear-wave velocity profiles are an important input parameter. Here, we present a method to construct a shear-wave velocity profiles for a deep unconsolidated sedimentary layer by using strong teleseismic phases and the ambient noise field. Gas extraction in the Groningen field, in the northern part of the Netherlands, is causing low-magnitude, induced seismic events. This region forms an excellent case study due to the presence of a permanent borehole network and detailed subsurface knowledge. Instead of conventional horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (H∕V ratios) from amplitude spectra, we calculate power spectral densities and use those as input for H∕V calculations. The strong teleseisms provide resonance recordings at low frequencies, where the seismic noise field is too weak to be recorded well with the employed geophones and accelerometers. The H∕V ratios of the ambient noise field are compared with several forward modelling approaches to quality check the teleseism-based shear-wave velocity profiles. Using the well-constrained depth of the sedimentary basin, we invert the H∕V ratios for velocity profiles. A close relationship is observed between the H∕V spectral ratios from the ambient noise field, shear-wave resonance frequencies and Rayleigh-wave ellipticity. By processing only five teleseismic events, we are able to derive shear-wave velocities for the deeper sedimentary sequence with a 7 % bias in comparison with the existing detailed velocity model for the Cenozoic sediments overlying the Groningen gas field. Furthermore, a relation between resonance frequency and unconsolidated sediment thickness is derived, to be used in other areas in the Netherlands, where detailed depth maps are not available.
El objeto de la tecnociencia como relacionalidad coconstitutiva
Authors: García Selgas Fernando J.
Published: November 2020

Una vez que ya no es suficiente considerar los objetos de conocimiento científico como parte y resultado de un proceso sociodiscursivo, en el que funcionarían como “móviles inmutables” (Latour) u “objetos fronterizos” (Star), se necesita repensar cómo concebirlos y cómo poner de relieve su propia agencia y relacionalidad. Para ello empezamos por considerarlos como “materias de cuidado” (Puig de la Bellacasa), y se muestran las cadenas de cuidados en las que esos objetos participan consolidándose y contribuyendo a la constitución de otros ingredientes de la tecnociencia. Esta concepción se clarifica y desarrolla al identificarlos también como fenómenos (en el sentido de Bohr y Barad), lo que facilita la visión de cómo objetos y “sujetos” de la tecnociencia se constituyen mutua y diferencialmente como inseparables. Por último, se argumenta que la relacionalidad es la clave de la constitución, la activación y la forma de ser de los objetos de la tecnociencia, así como del modo en que intervienen productivamente en su propia constitución y en la de los “sujetos”. Coconstituidos con estos, son un “devenir-con-abierto-y-activo”.
The Development of the Masters’ Professional Competence by Means of the Information and Communication Technologies
Authors: Kulakhmet Moldabek , Hajrullina Alfira , Oleksiuk Nataliya , Tvrdon Miroslav , Protas Oksana
Published: November 2020

Summarizing the results of the theoretical and experimental research confirmed the probability of the leading principles of the general and partial hypotheses, proved the effectiveness of solving the set tasks and made it possible to formulate the conclusions.the pedagogical system of development of professional competence of Masters-translators by the means of information and communication technologies, characterized by functionality, complexity, openness, unity and at the same time comparative independence of the structural components, was modeled. The system covers five subsystems: targeted, conceptual and methodological, content, operational and technological, evaluating and efficient. The experimental verification of the effectiveness of the proposed pedagogical system revealed significant quantitative and qualitative changes: the majority of the students of the experimental groups after their studies were completed acquired a level of the professional competence development above satisfactory, in particular, a noticeable increase of students with an average and high level was recorded. The received results were the consequence of the effective author’s pedagogical system and the model of development of professional competence of Masters-translators by the means of information and communication technologies, and therefore with the help of the created pedagogical conditions and educational and methodical support.
Strengthening of state trinity centre, Christchurch
Authors: Evans D. S.
Published: November 2020

Trinity Church is located at the intersection of Manchester and Worcester Streets one block from Christchurch’s Cathedral Square. It is one of the finest examples of non-conformist church architecture in New Zealand and one of  the most important pieces of built history in the City.
De waarde van lerend evalueren in de praktijk: ervaringen van onderzoekers en beleidsbetrokkenen van de lerende evaluatie van het Natuurpact (2014-2017)
Authors: Verwoerd Lisa , Klaassen Pim , Regeer Barbara J.
Published: November 2020

De waarde van lerend evalueren in de praktijk: ervaringen van onderzoekers en beleidsbetrokkenen van de lerende evaluatie van het Natuurpact (2014-2017)

Nederland staat voor forse en complexe beleidsopgaven. Deze opgaven vragen om een bijzondere beleidsaanpak met een aansluitende wijze van beleidsevaluatie – namelijk één die leren ondersteunt om iteratief de kwaliteit van het beleid te verbeteren en de weg naar de beleidsambities te vinden. Beleidsonderzoekers en beleidsbetrokkenen werken in lerende evaluaties samen om kennis te produceren voor het gelijktijdig verantwoorden en leren van beleid. Verondersteld wordt dat de kwaliteit en bruikbaarheid van de geproduceerde kennis met deze benadering groter zijn dan bij reguliere, op verantwoording georiënteerde, evaluatiemethoden. Als gevolg daarvan zou lerend evalueren meer impact hebben op beleid voor complexe opgaven. In dit artikel wordt aandacht besteed aan de waarde van lerend evalueren vanuit het perspectief van beleidsbetrokkenen en beleidsonderzoekers van de lerende evaluatie van het Natuurpact (2014-2017), uitgevoerd door het PBL en de WUR. Geconcludeerd wordt dat lerend evalueren de kwaliteit, bruikbaarheid en impact (minder aantoonbaar) van de geproduceerde kennis vergroot, maar onder specifieke voorwaarden: namelijk wanneer onderzoekers erin slagen om leren en verantwoorden, met de bijbehorende rollen en kwaliteitsstandaarden, te benaderen als wederzijds versterkend in plaats van tegenstrijdig. Onderzoekers hebben voelsprieten nodig voor de wisselwerking tussen het proces van kennisproductie en de politiek-bestuurlijke context waarin deze kennis wordt gebruikt. Zowel in de beleids- als onderzoekspraktijk is ruimte nodig voor een verbrede kijk op de functie van beleidsevaluatie om lerend evalueren toe te kunnen passen.
Migration and Time: Duration as an Instrument to Welcome or Restrict
Authors: Lodder Gerrie
Published: November 2020

Migration and Time: Duration as an Instrument to Welcome or Restrict

States apply different material conditions to attract or restrict residence of certain types of migrants. But states can also make use of time as an instrument to design more welcoming or more restrictive policies. States can apply faster application procedures for desired migrants. Furthermore, time can be used in a more favourable way to attract desired migrants in regard to duration of residence, access to a form of permanent residence and protection against loss of residence. This contribution makes an analysis of how time is used as an instrument in shaping migration policy by the European Union (EU) legislator in the context of making migration more or less attractive. This analysis shows that two groups are treated more favourably in regard to the use of time in several aspects: EU citizens and economic- and knowledge-related third-country nationals. However, when it comes to the acquisition of permanent residence after a certain period of time, the welcoming policy towards economic- and knowledge-related migrants is no longer obvious.
ANALYSIS OF CHOSEN PARAMETERS OF COMBAT WEAPONS IMPORTANT FOR DESIGNS OF SIMULATORS
Authors: Kowalewski Jerzy
Published: November 2020

Weapons used for training within a system have to meet special requirements concerning the simulation of a shot. All preparatory actions for firing the shot have to be the same as for a real combat weapon: attaching the magazine, arming the weapon, reloading, entering the settings of the sight, and delivering the shot by pressing the detent. Soldiers firing with the virtual projectiles have to identify their shots not only by visual or acoustic ways, but by sensing the operation of the training weapon, as well. The analysis of the combat weapons parameters has indicated the most important of them for the process of simulated shooting: the mass of gun, the force of gun recoil, the jump of barrel at shooting, the scatter of projectiles fired with the barrel, the accuracy, the mechanical durability and rate of fire.
Oddziaływanie nanomateriałów na organizm człowieka
Authors: Zapór Lidia
Published: November 2020

W artykule dokonano analizy najnowszych doniesień piśmiennictwa naukowego, dotyczących problematyki narażenia zawodowego człowieka na kontakt z nanomateriałami, a także skutków, jakie owo narażenie może nieść dla zdrowia i życia. Omówiono takie problemy, jak wpływ narażenia na nanomateriały w środowisku pracy i ewentualne następstwa dla niektórych układów w organizmie człowieka, jak np. układ oddechowy, układ sercowo-naczyniowy, czy układ rozrodczy. Przytoczono też wyniki badań epidemiologicznych.