bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inequity, poverty and health.
Authors: Cortés Armando
Published: July 2024

One of the biggest barriers to reduce the poverty is the distributive inequity of the wealth. The Colombian society is poor, it presents an unequal distribution of the entrance and it grows a little. Fourteen million Colombians survive with less than two daily dollars. In total, 64 of each 100 Colombians are in the «threshold» of poverty. If Colombia wants to have prosperity and social justice, is requires to assist the justness among its rural and urban areas, among its regions, among ethnic groups and between men and women in aspects like the access to the education, the property of the earth and the distribution of income. The economic growth not only requires healthy individuals, but also education and other complementary investments, an appropriate division of the work among the public sectors and private, a good operation of the markets, an appropriate public administration and institutional agreements that impel the technological advances. New studies suggest that the stress of being poor has a dangerous influence in the health. People of socioeconomic stratum low they have dramatically more risk of making sick and expectation of shorter life. There is a strong association among inequity in the revenues, poor health and low capital stock. A high inequity grade in the revenues takes to a confidential low-level and support, that which increases the stress and dangers for the health. An immense responsibility of the rich countries exists in the execution of the goals of reduction of the poverty and improvement of the conditions of life in the world. Most of the deaths are avoidable and it is necessary to approach the structural causes of the poverty and the inequality. There are capacity and enough resources in the world to eradicate the hunger and the poverty and to promote the sustainable economic development with social justice.
Probiotics: clinical perspectives.
Authors: Castro Luz Ángela , De Rovetto Consuelo
Published: July 2024

Interest for preventive therapies and nutritional supplementation has increased over the last years. Probiotics are live organisms that once ingested, improve the intestinal balance. The organisms with best experience and information are acid lactic bacteria, mainly Lactobacillus spp y Bifidobacterium spp., which are considered safe for humans. Probiotics beneficial effects have been demonstrated in the fallowing situations: prevention of rotavirus diarrhea in children, diarrhea related to antibiotics use, traveler’s diarrhea, vaginosis, urinary tract infections, food allergies, lactose intolerance and atopic dermatitis. Promising results using proibiotics have been reported in bowel inflammatory disease, necrotizing enterocolitis and irritable bowel syndrome. Recently some evidence suggests that probióticos can improved treatment for Helicobacter pylori and prevent the carcinogenesis process, but more studies are needed in this area. The use of lactic bacteria in the elaboration of vaccines to improve protective effect is under investigation. Although probiotics represent an important therapeutic option more studies are necessary in some areas to elucidate their utility, mechanism of action and determine why and when they fail in different clinical situations.
Lack of association between blood pressure, target organ damage and retinopathy in the L-NAME rat hypertension model: Are new animal models of hypertension required?.
Authors: Ramírez Jorge Hernán , Palacios Mauricio , Ocampo Hugo Hernán , Zuluaga Claudia , Gutiérrez Oscar
Published: July 2024

Animal models of hypertension are widely used by the national and international scientific community to study potential antihypertensive drugs. Nevertheless, some of the hypertension complications are not completely expressed in animal models. In this article the lack of blood pressure and retinopathy correlation in the L-NAME hypertensive rat model is presented. Furthermore, questions related to the development of new animal hypertension model, with a better correlation to human hypertension that would allow a more certain prediction regarding the effects of an antihypertensive drug are posed.
Effect of acute dose of alcohol on the biochemical features of syndrome X in different categories of male and female Nigerian drinkers in apparent good health.
Authors: Onyesom Innocent , Uzuegbu UE , Umukoro G
Published: July 2024

Background: «Syndrome X», known since the 1980’s is a disease condition precipitated by insulin resistance. Insulin resistance causes glucose and insulin to accumulate in the blood. Syndrome X is characterized by abnormal values of triacylglycerol (TAG), blood pressure (BP), glucose and HDL-cholesterol-all risk factors for heart disease. Insulin resistance may be exacerbated by bad diet, poor lifestyle, absence of physical activity, genetic predisposition and being overweight. However, recent reports have shown that poor lifestyle is likely to be the main cause rather than bad diet or being overweight. Even though heavy consumption of alcohol could be regarded as a poor lifestyle, its relationship to the biochemical features and symptoms of Syndrome X in both genders is yet to be properly documented among Nigerian drinkers of alcohol. Methods: To establish a baseline information on the relationship between alcohol consumption and Syndrome X among Nigerians, two hundred and seventy-four consenting individuals in apparent good health and who were either light (53 male, 44 female), moderate (51 male, 42 female) or heavy (46 male, 38 female) drinkers of alcohol were selected. They had no personal or familial history of CHD, stroke, cancer or related diseases. The drinkers were tested using an acute dose (1 g ethanol/kg body weight) of alcohol. Results: Results show that the administered acute dose (1 g ethanol/kg body weight) increased serum glucose, (p>0.05), TAG (p< 0.05) and BP (p< 0.05) some biochemical risk factors of Syndrome X in both genders irrespective of the drinking category. However, alcohol-induced changes were highest among the female heavy drinkers. Thus, observations from this study suggest that heavy consumption of alcohol by especially the female folk could alter the pathways that metabolize carbohydrates and lipids and this may increase the risk of Syndrome X. Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, it would be reasonable to conclude that heavy consumption of alcohol by Nigerian women especially may be yet another predisposing lifestyle to Syndrome X. The incidence of Syndrome X among drinkers of alcohol should be further investigated in order to provide clues to the underlying molecular mechanisms. This is important in order to strategize therapeutic approaches, since individuals with the disease may not recognize it.
Intellectual operation and scholastic yield in children with anemia and iron deficiency.
Authors: Stanco Gilda G.
Published: July 2024

The iron deficiency is the more frequent hematological dysfunction around the world and it affects approximately to 2000 million people, of which 77 millions live in Latin America and the Caribbean. The iron deficiency has a spectrum that goes from the reduction and exhaustion of the iron reservations, until the reduction of the red cells and of the hemoglobin concentration. In consequence, there are iron deficiencies without anemia. The children are one of the most vulnerable groups to this deficiency, due to the quick period of cerebral growth, especially during the first two years of life. Iron is one of the main substrates that support and allow the development and the metabolic activity of multiple processes at brain, among which is the myelination process. An insufficient iron readiness in a period of high incorporation of this in the cerebral fabric, coinciding with the myelinization period of the nervous fabric, can provide a physiologic base of explanation to the observed behavioral effects when there are deficiencies of the micronutrient. In the same way, the iron deficiency affects the regulation and the neurotransmitters conduction of serotonin, dopamine and GABA. Alteration of the receivers and dopamine transporters, imply in the infants the affective answers and the operation cognitive, and those of the receiving GABA, the coordination of movement patterns and memory. The importance consists that when it happens a deficit of cerebral iron in early stages, those damages persist in the adulthood, beyond the recovery of the anemia during the first months of life. These cerebral alterations are reflected long term in a delay of the mental and physical development of the children that they have had anemia, and its consequence of minor r school acting, with high levels of repetition of grades and desertion of the primary school in economically poor communities. However, the results of the diverse investigations carried out in this field, don’t throw conclusive results about a causal relationship, and it is probable that the effects on the behavior and the development in the anemic children are increased by the presence of unfavorable environmental factors for a normal development. It is unlikely that result differences in the mental development and motor observed in anemic children obey a factor of unique risk, but rather they are consequences of associated factors combination. Of here the necessity arises of uniting efforts, to improve the quality of the educational experience carrying out investments in health, education and environmental reparation that will allow a better well-being of the students and its families.
Nutrition in congenital heart disease.
Authors: Velasco Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2024

Pediatric heart disease classification, in congenital and acquired, restrictive and non-restrictive, cyanotic and non-cyanotic, surgical and non-surgical and acute and chronic, is useful to determine its impact on child’s nutritional status. The nutritional management of CHD children is changing, due to liquid restriction high calorie requirements and high prevalence of food intolerance. Despite this, a close follow-up and several creative feeding methods, are essential to obtain optimal medical, nutritional and psychosocial results.
Apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts in periodontitis.
Authors: Arce Roger Mauricio , Tamayo Oscar , Cortés Armando
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) have an important role in the periodontal immune response. The fibroblasts alter their normal behavior in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is believed that HGF can be diminished and/or eliminated by means of apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to determine and to quantify apoptosis of HGF in periodontium biopsies from healthy and chronic periodontitis patients. Methods: A clinical cross-sectional study in people with healthy periodontium (S), gingivitis (G) and chronic periodontitis (PC) patients was carried out. The periodontal biopsies were obtained and immunostained by means of: hematoxylin-eosin, caspase-3, vimentin and caspase-vimentin double-staining for specific visualization of apoptotic fibroblasts. Histopathological and digital analyses were performed. Descriptive statistics were applied to categorical and nominal variables. Results: Total cell population of HGF had an average of 430±67.6 cells/field in healthy people, and a significantly progressive decrease in gingivitis (270±37.1) and chronic periodontitis groups (206.5±69.8) (p< 0.05). As for total population of inflammatory cells, an increase was noticed in gingivitis (191.8±50.1) and a decrease in periodontitis (109.3±21.7) without statistical significance. The expression of apoptotic HGF per field increased accordingly to the severity of the disease [28±16 in health (6.5%); 31±17 in gingivitis (11.5%) and 51±24 in periodontitis (24.8%), p< 0.001]. Similar findings were observed for inflammatory cells with different percentage expression [17±13 in health (23%); 28±19 in gingivitis (14.6%) and 47±35 in periodontitis (43.1%), p< 0.05]. The relationship between the percentage of expression of apoptotic cells and probing pocket depth was proportional but not significant (p>0.5, r²=0.02); while for the inflammatory cells a significant relationship was observed (p< 0.05, r²=0.2018). Conclusions: The results in this report conclude that HGF and inflammatory cells show apoptosis (caspase-3 expression), and apoptotic cells are significantly increased in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis groups.
Anomalous coronary arteries. An evaluation with CT-multidetector.
Authors: Sarria Silvana , Arteche Edurne , Certo Manuela , Fernández Gabriel
Published: July 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study is to demonstrate that TC multidetector is a good method for assessment of coronary artery anomalies, allowing a tridimensional view, identifying their anomalous origin and anatomic course in relation to great vessels, it represents a very useful tool for cardiologists, hemodynamists or cardiac surgeons in the planning of an interventional procedure. Methods: One hundred and eighty studies about coronary 16-CT multidetector published from November 1, 2002 to April 30, 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. The coronary arteries origin and course and the ostium shape were evaluated. Results: Twenty six (2.2%) patients with anatomic abnormalities of the coronary arteries were found, 14 males and 12 females, the mean age was 60 years and 23 (88.46%) of these patients were referred for assessment of thoracic pain or suspicion of an acute coronary event. The anatomic abnormalities found in coronary arteries were: left trunk absence, (4); two right coronary arteries with an individual ostium each, (1); a circumflex artery originating from the right sinus, (2) and retrocardiac trajectory, (1); duplication of vessels, (6); anterior origin of the right coronary artery, (1); a right coronary artery originating from the left sinus of Valsalva and interarterial trajectory, (4); intramyocardial bridge, (3); retroaortic exit from the circumflex artery, (1); exit of the three vessels from the right coronary sinus, (1); a high right coronary artery ostium, (1); an arteriovenous fistula, (1); and a mammary artery branch from the first diagonal artery, (1). Conclusions: The 16-CT multidetector offers a clear visualization of the origin and course of the anomalous coronary arteries with a tridimensional anatomic view not achieved by conventional angiography, especially for assessing their relationship with the great vessels.
Signs and Symptoms in persons that living with HIV/AIDS.
Authors: Valencia Claudia Patricia , Canaval Gladys Eugenia , Rizo Vivian , Correa Diego , Marín Diana
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The experience of symptoms by persons that live with the AIDS virus has influence on the adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, quality of life, and potential transmission of VIH. Objectives: To describe demographic, clinic and personal characteristics and habits of persons with HIV/AIDS that attend ambulatory health care services at Cali, Colombia. To recognise frequency and intensity of symptoms and signs that experiences persons with HIV/AIDS. To establish if there are differences between some demographics and clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients with the symptoms´ experience. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional design; it was applied to 137 persons living with the AIDS virus an instrument about demographic and clinical characteristics and a sign & symptoms check list. Results: The age mean was 35 years, 70% were masculine, 88% had some type of health insurance and 64.2% received ARV treatment. The more frequent signs & symptoms reported were thirsty, fear/worries, muscle aches, weakness, fatigue and depression. Persons living with HIV/SIDA have many psychological symptoms that determine the necessity of assess carefully the adjective of «asymptomatic» that caregivers gave to them. Conclusion: Most persons living with HIV/SIDA had mental symptoms. Those emotional signs and symptoms can be explained because of the loss of health. Nurses as caregivers should give care based on their own models that involves family and others health care personal, and self-care for those patients.
While coping with displacement despair: A healthy child/baby, the pregnant woman’s main yearning.
Authors: Argote Luz Ángela , Vásquez Marta Lucía
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Colombia occupies the third place in the world as a country with more displacements approaching two million persons in the last fifteen years and the major percentage corresponds to women. This «feminization» of the displacement, brings with itself the break of couple relations, the loss for the wife of her companion, of the goods and means ofsubsistence turning her into a household keeper. It takes to break the community support networks, the destruction of the social cohesion and of the solidarity altering the collective identity. With relation to health, a high number of displaced pregnant women do not attend pregnancy health controls and their self care during this process is related to the traditions, beliefs and values that they bring with them into the context that the displacement situation awards them. The displacement brings a great cultural heterogeneity related to the previous experiences of these women’s self care and their families’ during pregnancy. Objective: this research is related to the meaning of the pregnant mother’s self care and her child to be born using a group of displaced women living in Pampas del Mirador neighborhood in the city of Cali, and based in their own beliefs. It tries to discover the dynamics and the way they reconstruct the practices of the care related to pregnancy, within their new social tissue. Method: Ethno nursing includes deep interviews. Nine displaced pregnant women participated in the survey besides two general reporters. The size of the survey was taken by applying the criteria of data saturation. Findings: The big concern for women is that the child is born well and this means for them that they will achieve this provided they develop the same care they saw their mothers to practice, their aunts and the great majority of women of their land. They are convinced that in the city everything will be like when they were in the field and that the customs during the period of pregnancy can be similar to those that they know. During pregnancy they realize actions mainly oriented to – «try that the child is well placed» «this means with the little head down placed», «avoid to do a bad force», «maintain the balance of the body between cold and heat», «eat well», «transmit safety and wellbeing to the son» and finally «cultivate the family collaboration and support». The indicated patterns are linked to produce a synergy aimed to achieve that the son is born well. These beliefs, practices and customs related to the maternity, are sometimes considered irrelevant in the care that is provided in the health centers thus generating distrust feelings in the use of these services. To get to know the self care practices of displaced pregnant women forces to an exchange of knowledge that allows to determine which of those practices are important to keep, which to adjust or to negotiate and which to be restructured so that the health and well being of the mother and her son will be the best possible.
The documentary analysis in the curriculum development: A challenge for the teachers.
Authors: Sarmiento Pedro , Tovar María Clara
Published: July 2024

Introduction: This study, realized during the year 2006 -2007, intends to analyze the coherence and relevancy of the univer-sity policies on the curriculum design, through the review of some documents that define the curriculum guidelines at university level, Faculty and every academic program levels in the Faculty of Health of the Universidad del Valle, related to the foundation phases and curriculum structure of the eight pregrade programs. Objectives: To analyze the coherence and documentary relevancy of the curricular policies in the University, the Faculty and the Academic Programs of the Faculty of Health of the Universidad del Valle. Material and methods: A documentary analysis was realized by applying coherence and relevancy criteria to the university selected institutional documents, the faculty’s and the programs’, produced in relation with the design task and curricular adjustment. Results: The coherence and relevancy of the documents in three levels has different developments: for some academic programs the relation is incipient, others do not show relations between coherence and relevancy and they seem to be two conceptual independent elements. Discussion and conclusions: The documents constitute an important data source for an investigator, articulating macro to micro, the institutional level with the level of the program and a conceptual support for the curricular design/adjustment. Nevertheless, the integral characterization of the design and the curricular adjustment comes out the documentary study and involves multiple processes and actors that imply other methods of investigation.
Editor’s duty on cases of scientific misconduct.
Authors: Palacios Mauricio , Ramírez Jorge Hernán
Published: July 2024

Editor’s duty on cases of scientific misconduct.
Source of variation in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori-associated multifocal atrophic gastritis.
Authors: Bravo Luis Eduardo , Bravo Juan Carlos , Realpe José Luis , Zarama Guillermo , Piazuelo María Blanca , Correa Pelayo
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Multiple sampling from different sites of the stomach as well as the number of fragments of gastric mucosa available for histopathologic evaluation are important sources of variation when classifying and grading chronic gastritis. Objective: To estimate the sensitivity of the number of fragments of gastric mucosa necessary to establish the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, gastric dysplasia and H. pylori infection. In addition, this study will attempt to assess the intra-observer variability in the classification of these premalignant gastric lesions. Methods: This is a 6 year-cohort study, wherein 1958 gastric endoscopic procedures performed by two gastroenterologists were reviewed. Five gastric biopsy samples were obtained from the antrum, body and lesser curvature during each procedure. One pathologist was in charge of reviewing the five histopathology samples for each subject and providing a definitive diagnosis which was used as the gold standard. Each gastric mucosa sample reviewed led to an individual diagnosis for that sample which was compared with the gold standard. Intra-observer variability was assessed in 127 individuals who correspond to a random sample of 20% of the total endoscopic procedures performed during the 72 month-follow-up. Results: The sensitivity of the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and gastric dysplasia increased proportionally with the number of gastric mucosa samples reviewed. The lesser curvature of the stomach had the highest sensitivity for the diagnosis of IM and dysplasia, among all the stomach regions studied. Just one sample of gastric mucosa attained a sensitivity of 95.9% for the detection of H. pylori infection. The intra-observer agreement for the diagnosis of multifocal atrophic gastritis was 86.1% and the kappa value was 0.79 (95% CI 0.76-0.85). Alcohol-fixed biopsy specimens were inadequate to diagnose H. pylori infection and to assess dysplasia. Conclusion: The number of mucosa gastric fragments reviewed, the fixation method used, and the biopsy site are all important factors in order to ensure a correct classification of chronic gastritis.
Vacunal cover in children 12 to 47 months old of social and economic 1 and 2 layers in the urban zone of Cali, year 2002.
Authors: Rojas Jorge H. , Zapata Helmer , Alzate Alberto , Rodríguez Álvaro
Published: July 2024

Objective: To estimate prevalence of complete vaccination sketch in children of ages of 12 to 47 months old in strata 1 and 2 into urbane zone of Cali in the year of 2002 according to biologics and the categories of socio-demographic variables of the family, the mother and child. Methods: The research corresponded to a cross section survey. The sample size used in the estimation process was 4452 children, drawn from conglomerates combined with strata by means of probabilistic sampling. The information was analyzed with Epi-Info version 6.04, with the Csample module for complex samples analysis. Results: The vaccination coverage with complete sketch for the first year was 65.8 (62.1-69.5), with significative differences for one and two strata (x2=42.4, p< 0.05). In the group of 12 to 47 months the belower coverages according to biologic were for anti-Haemphilus influenzae type B and anti-hepatitis B 71.8% (68.6-75) and 92.2% (90.1-94.3) respectively. Statistical association was found (test x2, p< 0.05) in comparing vaccination coverages with mother’s age, mother’s schooling, mother’s working time, family income and type of health system affiliation. Conclusions: The vaccination coverages in the studied population for some biologics were below, bearing in mind that the rule established by Colombian Ministry of Social Protection is to keep coverages into a minimum of 95%.
Brain insulin.
Authors: Jagua Andrés , Marín Rafael Alejandro , Granados Luis Alexander , Avila Vladimir
Published: July 2024

Insulin acts on metabolisms and normal growth. In the past decades, its effects on central nervous system functions, such as: appetite-satiety cycle modulation, reproductive function, neurotransmitter release, neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity have been discovered. Evidences got from animal models and neuropathologic findings, have elucidated a fraction of the mechanism that associates insulin signal with neurodegenerative syndromes, like Alzheimer disease. Here, insulin action on hypothalamus, neuron survival, synaptic plasticity and implications of this knowledge on understanding degenerative process of central nervous system particularly Alzheimer disease, will be reviewed.
In vitro behavior of the dental tissues and some dental materials subjected to high temperatures with forensic purposes.
Authors: Moreno Sandra , León Miguel , Marín Liliana , Moreno Freddy
Published: July 2024

Objective: To describe how diverse dental tissues (enamel, dentin and cement) and four dental materials (amalgam, composite, glass ionomer and zinc oxide modified cement) react after high temperature exposure. Dental tissue and dental materials can be used to identify human remains.Methods: An experimental in vitro study was carried out to determine physical macroscopic and microscopic changes in dental tissues and four dental materials, using 199 extracted teeth after high temperature exposition. Fire exposure at diverse temperatures ranking (200ºC, 400ºC, 600ºC, 800ºC, 1000ºC, 1200ºC) were performed in dental materials and tissues to determine their physical stability.Results: Dental tissues and the four dental materials evaluated had high resistance to high temperatures without apparent variation in their physical structure. These features in both dental tissues and dental materials could be useful in forensic identification. However, small changes occurred after temperaure exposure such as dimensional expansion, presence of fissures, cracks, fractures and color change on dental tissues and dental materials.Conclusions: This study determines that hard dental tissues and dental materials were able to resist high temperatures without high physical variants that may facilitate forensic identification of human remains after fire exposure.
Restored vertical dimension for the removable partial denture.
Authors: Barreto José Fernando
Published: July 2024

Partial dental prosthesis is a very important field of dental rehabilitation process that usually is not well understood, mainly because it involves the repercussion on more than 10 of the 32 functions performed by the stomatognatic system. In order to fit several very important considerations about partial removable dental prosthesis design, some discernment about the need to consider factors that could affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are presented, particularly when the lack of teeth is unilateral or bilateral. It is necessary to take on account that stomatognatic system performs the mastication, the oral carbohydrate digestion, the vocalization and other functions that could change drastically when there are no sufficient posterior teeth. But this lack also affects two general functions: the dynamic balance and the listening capability. All of those factors are very important to formulate and to produce high quality removable dental prosthesis; therefore, this kind of work couldn’t be performed by a simple dentist or by a dental prosthetic technician without a professional guidance. Since this is a very important and complex assignment, this paper is the first of a four assay being oriented to improve the rehabilitation treatment of the masticatory system as a part of the stomatognatic system.
A complex design sampling in the analysis of the quality of life among the Medellín’s adult population. 2005.
Authors: Cardona Doris , Agudelo Héctor Byron , Segura Ángela María
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Quality of life is a concept that has evolved through time, happening of the well-being to the standard of life, in accordance with the social and cultural conditions of the time; its different definition is vague and adopts several meanings following the perception, context and scale of values, for this reason it takes elements from different disciplines for its conceptualization and can be moderate of general form or through their social, economic, personal components, of health and social security. Objective: To describe the perception on different aspects of life quality among men and women from 20 to 64 y.o., resident in Medellín in 2005, with a design of complex sampling, and the purpose of contributing to the state of the art. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive population study was designed, with primary source of information constituted by two samples: 659 men and 683 women, who represented 523,705 and 651,704, respectively, according to factors of population expansion; selected with probabilistic complex sampling, stratified by socioeconomic level, cluster sampling. Five people by cluster and only one person by house were considered, to them a survey designed by the investigators was applied, taking as reference generic scales and applied by inquirer personnel hired by Universidad de Antioquia. Results: Adult population valued over 75% personal, social perception, state of health and house conditions; the economic situation reached 39% and the attention in health 64%, the best one described by both sexes was the personal life with 80% and the present quality of life with 77% obtaining a higher valuation among men. Conclusions: Life quality to the adult population of Medellín was explained mainly by personal satisfaction, economic conditions and social security, without significant differences in the general valuation, among men and women.
Use of low birth weight as selecting criterion for the routine surveillance of congenital anomalies of infectious origin.
Authors: Bermúdez Antonio José , González Nohora E. , Ching Regina B.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Surveillance of congenital anomalies receives importance in the world-wide context of eradicating the congenital rubella syndrome. Objective: To identify the congenital anomalies and to consider the low birth weight  a criterion to test IgM for the complex TORCH. Methodology: Surveillance of the congenital specific and non specific anomalies of the congenital rubella syndrome(CRS) and low birth weight in ten hospitals. It was considered as case, everything new born with some congenital anomaly or low weight for the gestational age. Serum tests for rubella, toxoplasmosis, citomegalovirus, herpes and parvovirus were practiced. For the negative cases cariotype was performed. Results: A total of 840 cases were selected, 669 by low weight for the gestational age, 52 by anomalies not related to CRS, 52; by anomalies that could be related to the CRS, 105. The most frequent anomalies were congenital heart diseases,  5.1%; hepatosplenomegalies, 3.9%; and microcephalies, 1.2%. There were confirmatory IgM titles for rubella in 0.5% of cases; toxoplasmosis 1.4%; citomegalovirus 1.5%; parvovirus 1.2%; herpes 0.5%; and positive test for congenital syphilis, 3.7%. In total there were 8.8% positive results for any congenital infectious disease. The relative risk for low birth weight having IgM positive rubella was RR = 2.83 (IC: 1.26:6.36-0.95). Discussion and conclusions: The surveillance for CRS, through the monitoring of febrile in the first year and by the presence of some specific congenital anomalies, could be improved in sensitivity by means of the routine monitoring of congenital anomalies, with the inclusion of low birth weight, like a selecting criterion to study the infectious agents.
Liver and haematological safety of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment in non-complicated falciparum malaria.
Authors: Carmona Fonseca Jaime , López Mary Luz , Piñeros Juan Gabriel
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is an antimalarial used currently in worldwide for non-complicated falciparum malaria. This drug is administrated in combination with other ones. Previously adverse events had been reported with high doses, used in malaria prophylaxis and patients with hypersensibility to sulfas. Objetive: To evaluate hepatic and haematic toxicity of treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in non-complicated falciparum malaria. Methodology: This was a non-blinded experimental design. In Turbo (Antioquia, Colombia), 17 subjects treated with SP were evaluated for liver and hematic function. All individual were followed for 10 days. Results: Before treatment, liver and hematic function tests were slight altedered. Hematic and liver variables returned to physiological levels after treatment. Treatment had 100% efficacy. All tests were within normal levels throughout the following period (postreatment); this suggests absence of toxic effects associates with treatment. Adverse effects were few and slight, and disappeared on day-10. Conclusions: When is used in time and dose for treatment of non-complicated falciparum malaria, SP neither increased adverse events nor hepatic or hematic toxicity.
New role of free radicals in exercise: another paradox?.
Authors: Urbina Bonilla Adriana del Pilar
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Physical activity conduces to oxidative stress, which produces undesirable effects. However, it is well  known that free radicals, when present in low concentrations, also have physiological effects in the exercise adaptation process. In addition, the majority of antioxidant supplementation studies, in spite of the fact of decreases oxidative stress, have failed to show a performance improving. Objectives: The goals of this review are to reinterpret the available evidence about the role of free radicals in exercise, and to analyze why antioxidant supplementation have not shown the expectable ergogenic effect. Methods: The following topics were reviewed: i) the free radical biology; ii) antioxidant systems; iii) exercise induced-oxidative stress; iv) oxidative stress and physical performance; and v) antioxidant supplementation and physical performance. Results: There is evidence that physical exercise is associated with excessive free radical production. Deleterious effects of free radicals in physical performance have been shown by in situ studies, although evidence in humans is also available. Physical exercise results in muscular hypoxia, which conduces to adaptative responses, probably through free radical-mediated HIF-1α stabilization. Moreover, a certain level of free radicals is necessary for optimal muscle contractility. Conclusions: Free radicals are necessary for exercise-induced hypoxia adaptation and muscle contraction, for that reason long term antioxidant supplementation interfere with its physiological role. This, explain why antioxidants decrease oxidative stress markers but fail to improve physical performance.
Editorial
Authors: Velasquez Palau Gabriel
Published: July 2024

Por ello y animado por el derecho que espero tener dados los nexos tan estrechos que me unen con todos ustedes y con la Universidad, más que mirar el pasado, me atrevo a mirar hacia adelante y a plantearles algunos interrogantes pues creo que el momento que vive el país y el Sistema Universitario Colombiano, bien lo justifican.
Estimo, que el aspecto más importante que se debe analizar , es el referente a la misión, que en el inmediato futuro, debe cumplir la Universidad Colombiana. Principia ella apenas  a superar aquel largo período en el que la Universidad sólo consistía en una agrupación más o menos coherente de Escuelas y Facultades independientes que tenían por único objetivo otorgar títulos profesionales que permiten a los jóvenes egresados escalar posiciones socio-económicas y abrirse paso en la lucha diaria. Se reconoce hoy que la Universidad debe salir de su aislamiento y convertirse en una de las principales agencias de transformación de nuestra comunidad. Se confía en que ella genere los conocimientos que se supone irán a acelerar ese proceso de cambio y se espera de ella que forme los dirigentes que mañana van a continuar y agilizar en forma constructiva y ordenada ese necesario movimiento de transformación.
Extractos de trabajos presentados en el VI Congreso de la Asociación colombiana de Ciencias Biológicas, realizado en la ciudad de Popayán del 14 al 17 de Octubre de 1971
Authors: Varios Autores Varios Autores
Published: July 2024

Metabolismo de colesterol en anemia ferropriva humana.
Algunas manifestaciones de herencia de la capacidad de aprendizaje.
Estudios analiticos y biológicos en proteina aislada de suero de leche.
Estudio preliminar sobre las proteínas de BALÚ (Erythrina edulis)
Efecto de la alfametildopa sobre el comportamiento neurogénico de la presión arterial.
Requisito de ácidos grasos libres para la gluconeogénesis hepática.
Tratamiento de las mordeduras de víboras
Authors: D´. Alessandro A.
Published: July 2024

Esta nota fue preparada con el objeto de facilitar y estandarizar el tratamiento de las mordeduras de serpientes. Está basada sobre todo en Poisonous Snakes of the World, en trabajos de los Dres McCollough y Gennaro, Marinkellle y en un resumen del tema por el Dr. Restrepo.
Las recomendaciones son las aceptadas por la mayoría de la gente que trabaja en estos problemas. Dan una idea bastante concreta de lo que se debe hacer frente a un paciente mordido por una serpiente y algunos conceptos generales ütiles en el manejo médico de este problema.
Criptococosis y lupus eritematoso. Presentación de un caso
Authors: Perez Riquet Jaime
Published: July 2024

G.C.S (H.C No. 027329). 17 años. Natural y procedente de La Plata (Huila). Ayudante de carro. Consulta por dolor lumbar, malestar general, fiebre, escalofrío, adinamia, edema palpebral y de la cara el cual se generalizó a abdomen y extremidades inferiores, hematuria y polaquiuria. El examen físico reveló un paciente con T.A de 160/100. Pulso 80. R18. Peso 54 Kg. Edema de cara, miembros inferiores y ascitis. En el tórax se encontró derrame pleural bilateral. El corazón era normal. El hígado se palpó a 2cm por debajo del reborde costal derecho. El bazo no se palpaba.
Salud y servicios de Salud: Conceptos y problemas de evaluación
Authors: Echeverry Óscar
Published: July 2024

Artículo sin abstract disponible
An assessment of infant mortality rates in Colombia, 1980–2009
Authors: Jaramillo Marta Cecilia , Chernichovsky Dov , Jiménez Moleón José Juan
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The infant mortality rate (IMR) is a key indicator of human welfare and development. However, in Colombia, the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) has set the registered rate for 2009 as 13.69 per 1,000 live births, while the estimated rate is 20.13, suggesting the presence of inconsistencies in the data, as in many other transitional economies. This paper aims to set the record straight on Colombia’s IMR reporting since 1980 by using all available data that have recently become public.
Methodology. The study analyzes 8,636,510 records of live births (1998–2009) and 443,338 records of deaths (1979–2009), and considers information from various other sources such as the statistical yearbooks and survey results. An exponential function is used to estimate the IMRs in Colombia for 1980–2009 while resolving internal inconsistencies in the data from all sources.
Findings. The analysis demonstrates that the registered and the estimated rates for 2009 are incompatible since they follow inconsistent long-term rates of decline in IMR. While the registered rate underestimates the real situation, the estimated rate appears to grossly overestimate it. Analyses, based on other sources, put the IMR between 15.81 and 17.58 in 2009, with rates of decline between 3.0 and 5.0 percent for the period 1980–2009.
Value. The study concludes that during the period 1980–2009, the IMR for Colombia on average fell from about 54 to about 17, suggesting a long-term annual rate of decline of about 4.0 percent.
Trabajos reciente y/o en curso de la Unidad Metabólica
Authors: Tripathy K , Bernal M de , Bolaños O
Published: July 2024

A continuación se ofrecen los resúmenes de trabajos que se han llevado a cabo en la Unidad Metabólica del Hospital Departamental Universitario Evaristo García de Cali. En ellos se condensan estudios valioso no solamente sobre el aspecto nutricional como un todo, sino también investigaciones relacionadas con parasitosis que con frecuencia complican el cuadro clínico de la nutricón, investigaciones neurológicas, estudios pediátricos, y la preocupación de la Unidad Metabólica para ofrecer soluciones prácticas al problema de la falta de proteínas que aflige al pueblo colombiano. Acta médica del Valle, acoge estos abstractos como una realización positiva de la Medicina en nuestro país.
Barrera hemato-testicular
Authors: Aragón Jorge A
Published: July 2024

Se presenta una revisión morfo-fisiológica de los elementos constitutivos de la barrera hemato-testicular. La primera fase de la barrera está a nivel del capilar; la segunda a nivel de la membrana limitante o pared del túbulo seminífero y la tercera a nivel de las uniones especializadas de la célula de Sertoli. En estos tres niveles se pueden detener algunas sustancias que tratan de llegar hasta las células germinativas. La barrera hemato-testicular es importante porque en un futuro no lejano, es factible activarla completamente y detener la espermatogénesis obteniéndose así los individuos sexualmente activos con incapacidad para fecundar.
Manejo terapéutico del paciente hipertenso
Authors: Gómez Héctor J
Published: July 2024

Artículo sin abstract.
Promedios de estancia en hospitales regionales y Hospital Universitario del Valle
Authors: Torres Serna Camilo , Rubiano Vinueza Jaime , Quintana Rubén Darío
Published: July 2024

Artículo sin abstract disponible
Trypanosoma Cruzi y estudios virológicos en la cardiomiopatía idiopática en Cali, Colombia.
Authors: D'Alessandro A , Sánchez G , Duque E
Published: July 2024

Trabajo auspiciado por el Centro Internacional de Investigación Médica, Universidad de Tulane-Universidad del Valle, Donación AI-10050 del Instituto nacional de Alergia y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Institutos Nacionales de Salud, Bethesda, Maryland, por la Universidad del Valle y por el Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
Comparación de la Historia Psiquiátrica tradicional con una forma estandarizada
Authors: Climent Carlos E , Plutchik Robert , Estrada Harold , Gaviria Luis F
Published: July 2024

Se estudiaron 96 enfermos con 2 métodos. El primero es la entrevista psiquiátrica corriente que produce una historia narrativa tradicional. El segundo sistema se origina en una entrevista estructurada cuya base es un cuestionario de auto-informe, de donde resulta una forma estandard simplificada. Los autores comparan los productos de estas evaluaciones independientes. Aunque el último método produjo una frecuencia mayor en la relación de todos los síntomas, en general, en ambos fue similar la exactitud de los diagnósticos. También se enumeran los beneficios potenciales del uso de historias estandarizadas.
Carcinoma del Cérvix Uterino. Aspectos prácticos para su diagnóstico y tratamiento
Authors: Bueno Miguel
Published: July 2024

Existe muy poca información en la literatura médica sobre Cáncer del Cérvix drigida a los Médicos Generales. Este artículo es una revisión de los aspectos prácticos del manejo de este tumor; se destaca la importancia del diagnósticotemprano y del manejo adecuado del Carcinoma de Cérvix que constituye una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en las mujeres en todo el mundo en general, y en Colombia y en Cali en particular. Desde el punto de vista de Salud Pública el cáncer de cérvix reviste características especiales: a) es el tumor maligno más frecuente en nuestro país; b) si se trata oportuna y adecuadamente es curable; y c) su diagnóstico temprano es fácil y poco costoso.
Estudios de virus en síndromes infecciosos agudos del sistema nervioso
Authors: Dueñas Álvaro , Escobar Jorge , Medina Pablo , Belsey Mark A
Published: July 2024

En 480 niños de Cali, Colombia, con síndromes infecciosos agudos del sistema nervioso central (SNC), inclusive en quienes se había disgnosticado una enfermedad bacteriana, se hicieron rutinariamente estudios apra descubrir infecciones por virus. Los métodos para estos estudios comprendieron intentos de aislameinto, prueba de fijación de complemento y prueba de neutralización. En 272 casos de infección no bacteriana, 65% estaban asociados con una infección por virus. La mayoría de los casos fueron encefalitis, poliomielitis y rabia, lo cual sugiere que los padres sólo llevan los niños al hospital cuando hay un cuadro clínico severo. En 44 de 137 (10%) de casos de meningitis bacteriana aguda se encontró evidencia de infecciones mixtas por bacterias y por virus. En virus ECHO tipo 6', una observación que no se había informado antes.
Contaminación del suelo con huevos de Áscaris en la ciudad de Cali
Authors: Mejía Rengifo Alberto , Ordoñez Herney , Ayala Stephen
Published: July 2024

Se examinaron 120 muestras de las vías públicas en 12 barrios de cali. Cada muestra contenía aproximadamente 30 gramos de suelo tamizado. En 18 de 60 muestras de 6 barrios sin alcantarillado hubo de 1 a 5 huevos de áscaris. Sólo una de las 60 muestras de 6 barrios con alcantarillado fue positiva. En el primer grupo de barrios 25 de 30 muestras recogidas dentro de las viviendas resultaron positivas, comparadas con 3 de las 30 muestras en barrios con alcantarillado. Los sectores sin alcantarillado parecen constituir reservorios de infección para toda la ciudad.
Etiología de enfermedades respiratorias en niños de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Escobar Jorge A , Dover Arthur S , Dueñas Álvaro , Leal Emilson , Medina Pablo , Argüello Antonio , De Gaiter Mercedes , Greer Donald L , Reyes Marco A
Published: July 2024

En Cali se estudiaron 180 niños hospitalizados por enfermedad respiratoria aguda. En la mayoría de los pacientes la neumonía fue la causa de la hospitalización y permaneció como diagnóstico final. Hubo 51 casos de neumonía de etiología indeterminada que correspondieron a la categoría diagnóstica simple más grande, seguidos por 38 casis de neumonía asociada con sarampión y 22 casos asociados a evidencia serológica de infección por otros agentes virales como Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Se pudo asignar diagnóstico etiológico con un grado razonable de certeza a 116 de los 180 pacientes (64%). Se encontró que el procedimiento de laboratorio más apropiado para suministrar el diagnóstico etiológico de esta serie fue aparear muestras de sueros para demostrar la elevación en el título de anticuerpos contra los agentes patógenos virales respiratorios comunes. Los más frecuentemente implicados en las pruebas serológicas como organismos etiológicos fueron, en orden decreciente: sarampión, influenza, para-influenza y adenovirus.