bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Auditory Training on Speech Recognition in Children with Single-Sided Deafness and Cochlea Implants Using a Direct Streaming Device: A Pilot Study
Authors: Muck Stefanie , Magele Astrid , Wirthner Bianca , Schoerg Philipp , Sprinzl Georg Mathias
Published: December 2023

Treating individuals with single-sided deafness (SSD) with a cochlear implant (CI) offers significant benefits for speech perception in complex spatial listening environments. After implantation, training without involvement of the normal-hearing ear is essential. Therefore, the AudioLink streaming device (MED-EL GmbH, Austria) can be used to connect the externally worn audio processor to media devices; thus, the auditory stimuli are directly streamed to the implanted ear. The aim was to test whether children with SSD, aged 5–12 years, accept this training method and whether auditory training, streamed directly via AudioLink using the Tiptoi device (Ravensburger GmbH., Ravensburg, Germany), improves speech recognition. A total of 12 children with SSD and implanted with a CI received Tiptoi training via AudioLink and were asked to practice daily for 10 min over a period of one month. All participants completed the training. The measurements employed to assess improvement included speech audiometry, speech, spatial, and quality of hearing scale for parents (SSQ P), and specially designed tasks crafted for this study. Daily training of 9.93 min was reported. The word recognition score (WRS) at 65 dB and 80 dB in aided condition significantly improved and the WRS streamed via AudioLink was significantly better after training. The speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale for parents (SSQ P questionnaire) showed significant improvement in the dimension of quality of hearing and overall gain. The outcomes of the Tiptoi tasks resulted in a significant benefit in both categories of the “recognition of sounds” and “understanding of sentences”. The results are very encouraging and do not only show the positive uptake of daily training at home but also how this resulted in a significant improvement in subjective and objective measures for this rather short training period of one month only.
Hypothermia: Beyond the Narrative Review—The Point of View of Emergency Physicians and Medico-Legal Considerations
Authors: Savioli Gabriele , Ceresa Iride Francesca , Bavestrello Piccini Gaia , Gri Nicole , Nardone Alba , La Russa Raffaele , Saviano Angela , Piccioni Andrea , Ricevuti Giovanni , Esposito Ciro
Published: December 2023

Hypothermia is a widespread condition all over the world, with a high risk of mortality in pre-hospital and in-hospital settings when it is not promptly and adequately treated. In this review, we aim to describe the main specificities of the diagnosis and treatment of hypothermia through consideration of the physiological changes that occur in hypothermic patients. Hypothermia can occur due to unfavorable environmental conditions as well as internal causes, such as pathological states that result in reduced heat production, increased heat loss or ineffectiveness of the thermal regulation system. The consequences of hypothermia affect several systems in the body—the cardiovascular system, the central and peripheral nervous systems, the respiratory system, the endocrine system and the gastrointestinal system—but also kidney function, electrolyte balance and coagulation. Once hypothermia is recognized, prompt treatment, focused on restoring body temperature and supporting vital functions, is fundamental in order to avert preventable death. It is important to also denote the fact that CPR has specificities related to the unique profile of hypothermic patients.
Blood Plasma Circulating DNA-Protein Complexes: Involvement in Carcinogenesis and Prospects for Liquid Biopsy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Shefer Aleksei , Tutanov Oleg , Belenikin Maxim , Tsentalovich Yuri P. , Tamkovich Svetlana
Published: December 2023

Circulating DNA (cirDNA) is a promising tool in translational medicine. However, studies of cirDNA have neglected its association with proteins, despite ample evidence that this interaction may affect the fate of DNA in the bloodstream and its molecular functions. The goal of the current study is to shed light on the differences between the proteomic cargos of histone-containing nucleoprotein complexes (NPCs) from healthy female (HFs) and breast cancer patients (BCPs), and to reveal the proteins involved in carcinogenesis. NPCs were isolated from the blood samples of HFs and BCPs using affinity chromatography. A total of 177 and 169 proteins were identified in NPCs from HFs and BCPs using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A bioinformatics analysis revealed that catalytically active proteins, as well as proteins that bind nucleic acids and regulate the activity of receptors, are the most represented among the unique proteins of blood NPCs from HFs and BCPs. In addition, the proportion of proteins participating in ion channels and proteins binding proteins increases in the NPCs from BCP blood. However, the involvement in transport and signal transduction was greater in BCP NPCs compared to those from HFs. Gene ontology term (GO) analysis revealed that the NPC protein cargo from HF blood was enriched with proteins involved in the negative regulation of cell proliferation, and in BCP blood, proteins involved in EMT, invasion, and cell migration were observed. The combination of SPG7, ADRB1, SMCO4, PHF1, and PSMG1 NPC proteins differentiates BCPs from HFs with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 80%. The obtained results indirectly indicate that, in tandem with proteins, blood cirDNA is an important part of intercellular communication, playing a regulatory and integrating role in the physiology of the body.
Financial Technology (Fintech) and Sustainable Financing: A New Paradigm for Risk Management
Authors: Colombage Sisira
Published: December 2023

Financial technology (fintech) is transforming the financial services industry, and its impact on sustainable financing is becoming increasingly profound [...]
Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy in Urological Malignancies: Current Applications and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ongaro Luca , Rossin Giulio , Biasatti Arianna , Pacini Matteo , Rizzo Michele , Traunero Fabio , Piasentin Andrea , Perotti Alessandro , Trombetta Carlo , Bartoletti Riccardo , Zucchi Alessandro , Simonato Alchiede , Pavan Nicola , Liguori Giovanni , Claps Francesco
Published: December 2023

Fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) represents a novel diagnostic technique able to provide real-time histological images from non-fixed specimens. As a consequence of its recent developments, FCM is gaining growing popularity in urological practice. Nevertheless, evidence is still sparse, and, at the moment, its applications are heterogeneous. We performed a narrative review of the current literature on this topic. Papers were selected from the Pubmed, Embase, and Medline archives. We focused on FCM applications in prostate cancer (PCa), urothelial carcinoma (UC), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Articles investigating both office and intraoperative settings were included. The review of the literature showed that FCM displays promising accuracy as compared to conventional histopathology. These results represent significant steps along the path of FCM’s formal validation as an innovative ready-to-use diagnostic support in urological practice. Instant access to a reliable histological evaluation may indeed significantly influence physicians’ decision-making process. In this regard, FCM addresses this still unmet clinical need and introduces intriguing perspectives into future diagnostic pathways. Further studies are required to thoroughly assess the whole potential of this technique.
Fabrication of Multifunctional Silylated GO/FeSiAl Epoxy Composites: A Heat Conducting Microwave Absorber for 5G Base Station Packaging
Authors: Xie Zhuyun , Xiao Dehai , Yu Qin , Wang Yuefeng , Liao Hanyi , Zhang Tianzhan , Liu Peijiang , Xu Liguo
Published: December 2023

A multifunctional microwave absorber with high thermal conductivity for 5G base station packaging comprising silylated GO/FeSiAl epoxy composites were fabricated by a simple solvent-handling method, and its microwave absorption properties and thermal conductivity were presented. It could act as an applicable microwave absorber for highly integrated 5G base station packaging with 5G antennas within a range of operating frequency of 2.575–2.645 GHz at a small thickness (2 mm), as evident from reflection loss with a maximum of −48.28 dB and an effective range of 3.6 GHz. Such a prominent microwave absorbing performance results from interfacial polarization resonance attributed to a nicely formed GO/FeSiAl interface through silylation. It also exhibits a significant enhanced thermal conductivity of 1.6 W/(mK) by constructing successive thermal channels.
Computer-Aided Structural Diagnosis of Bridges Using Combinations of Static and Dynamic Tests: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Garbowski Tomasz , Cornaggia Aram , Zaborowicz Maciej , Sowa Sławomir
Published: December 2023

Reinforced concrete bridges deteriorate over time, therefore displaying a regular need for structural assessment and diagnosis. The reasons for their deterioration are often the following: (a) intensive use, (b) very dynamic loads acting for long periods of time, (c) and sometimes chemical processes that damage the concrete or lead to corrosion of the reinforcement. Assuming the hypothesis that both the stiffness of the material and its density change over time, these parameters shall be identified, preferably in a non-destructive way, in different locations of the investigated structure. Such task is expected to be possibly exerted by means of one or more tests, which must not be laborious or cause the bridge to be out of service for a long time. In this paper, an attempt is made to prepare a procedure based on dynamic tests supplemented with several static measurements, in order to identify the largest number of parameters in the shortest possible time, within an inverse analysis methodology. The proposed procedure employs a popular algorithm for minimizing the objective function, i.e., trust region in the least square framework, as part of the inverse analysis, where the difference between measurements made in situ and those calculated numerically is minimized. As a result of the work performed, optimal sets of measurements and test configurations are proposed, allowing the searched parameters to be found in a reliable manner, with the greatest possible precision.
Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Mn-Si-Based Shape Memory Alloys: State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Del-Río Lucia , Nó Maria L. , Gómez Raul , García-Sesma Leire , Urionabarrenetxea Ernesto , Ortega Pablo , Mancisidor Ane M. , San Sebastian Maria , Burgos Nerea , San Juan Jose M.
Published: December 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) constitutes the new paradigm in materials processing and its use on metals and alloys opens new unforeseen possibilities, but is facing several challenges regarding the design of the microstructure, which is particularly awkward in the case of functional materials, like shape memory alloys (SMA), as they require a robust microstructure to withstand the constraints appearing during their shape change. In the present work, the attention is focused on the AM of the important Fe-Mn-Si-based SMA family, which is attracting a great technological interest in many industrial sectors. Initially, an overview on the design concepts of this SMA family is offered, with special emphasis to the problems arising during AM. Then, such concepts are considered in order to experimentally develop the AM production of the Fe-20Mn-6Si-9Cr-5Ni (wt%) SMA through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The complete methodology is approached, from the gas atomization of powders to the LPBF production and the final thermal treatments to functionalize the SMA. The microstructure is characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy after each step of the processing route. The reversibility of the ε martensitic transformation and its evolution on cycling are studied by internal friction and electron microscopy. An outstanding 14% of fully reversible thermal transformation of ε martensite is obtained. The present results show that, in spite of the still remaining challenges, AM by LPBF offers a good approach to produce this family of Fe-Mn-Si-based SMA, opening new opportunities for its applications.
Effects of Space Dimensionality within Scaffold for Bone Regeneration with Large and Oriented Blood Vessels
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Kishida Ryo , Tsuchiya Akira , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: December 2023

The internal structure of the scaffolds is a key factor for bone regeneration. In this study, we focused on the space dimensionality within the scaffold that may control cell migration and evaluated the effects on the size and orientation of blood vessels and the amount of bone formation in the scaffold. The carbonate apatite scaffolds with intrascaffold space allowing one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), or three-dimensional (3D) cell migration were fabricated by 3D printing. These scaffolds had the same space size, i.e., distances between the struts (~300 µm). The scaffolds were implanted into the medial condyle of rabbit femurs for four weeks. Both the size and orientation degree of the blood vessels formed in the scaffolds allowing 1D cell migration were 2.5- to 4.0-fold greater than those of the blood vessels formed in the scaffolds allowing 2D and 3D cell migration. Furthermore, the amount of bone formed in the scaffolds allowing 1D cell migration was 1.4-fold larger than that formed in the scaffolds allowing 2D and 3D cell migration. These are probably because the 1D space limited the direction of cell migration and prevented the branching of blood vessels, whereas 2D and 3D spaces provided the opportunity for random cell migration and blood vessel branching. Thus, scaffolds with 1D space are advantageous for inducing large and oriented blood vessels, resulting in a larger amount of bone formation.
Indoor Air Quality Analysis Using Recurrent Neural Networks: A Case Study of Environmental Variables
Authors: Reyes Pérez Carlos A. , Iglesias Martínez Miguel E. , Guerra-Carmenate Jose , Michinel Álvarez Humberto , Balvis Eduardo , Giménez Palomares Fernando , Fernández de Córdoba Pedro
Published: December 2023

In the pursuit of energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact, adequate ventilation in enclosed spaces is essential. This study presents a hybrid neural network model designed for monitoring and prediction of environmental variables. The system comprises two phases: An IoT hardware–software platform for data acquisition and decision-making and a hybrid model combining short-term memory and convolutional recurrent structures. The results are promising and hold potential for integration into parallel processing AI architectures.
An Adaptation of a Sliding Mode Classical Observer to a Fractional-Order Observer for Disturbance Reconstruction of a UAV Model: A Riemann–Liouville Fractional Calculus Approach
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Miguel Angel , Delgado-Reyes Gustavo , Borja-Jaimes Vicente , Valdez-Martínez Jorge Salvador , Cervantes-Bobadilla Marisol
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a modification of a Sliding Mode Classical Observer (SMCO) to adapt it to the fractional approach. This adaptation involves using a set of definitions based on fractional calculus theory, particularly the approach developed by Riemann–Liouville, resulting in a Sliding Mode Fractional Observer (SMFO). Both observers are used to perform disturbance reconstruction considered additive in a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) model. Then, this work presents the fractional-order sliding mode observer’s mathematical formulation and integration into the Quadrotor UAV model. To validate the quality of the disturbance reconstruction process of the proposed SMFO observer scheme, numerical simulations are carried out, where a reconstruction quality indicator (BQR) is proposed based on the analysis of performance indices such as the Mean Square Error (MSE), the First Probability Moment (FPM), and Second Probability Moment (SPM), which were obtained for both the SMCO and the SMFO. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed observer in accurately reconstructing disturbances under various environmental conditions. Comparative analyses with SMCO highlight the advantages of the fractional-order approach in terms of reconstruction accuracy and improvement of its transitory performance. Finally, the presented SMFO offers a promising avenue for enhancing the reliability and precision of disturbance estimation, ultimately contributing to the advancement of robust control strategies for Quadrotor UAV systems.
Modeling the Five-Element Windkessel Model with Simultaneous Utilization of Blood Viscoelastic Properties for FFR Achievement: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Fernandes Maria , Sousa Luisa C. , António Carlos A. Conceição , Pinto Sónia I. S.
Published: December 2023

Coronary artery diseases (CADs) are a leading cause of death worldwide. Accurate numerical simulations of coronary blood flow, especially in high-risk atherosclerotic patients, have been a major challenge for clinical applications. This study pioneers a novel approach combining the physiologically accurate five-element Windkessel and sPTT models to enhance the accuracy of the hemodynamics and the fractional flow reserve (FFR) parameter. User-defined functions (UDFs) of the outlet pressure boundary condition (Windkessel model) and the viscoelastic characteristics of blood (sPTT model) were developed and dynamically loaded with ANSYS® 2023 software. In a proof-of-concept study, a patient’s left coronary artery with 40% stenosis was provided by the hospital for further analysis. The numerical FFR value obtained in the present work skews only 0.37% from the invasive measurement in the hospital. This highlights the important roles of both blood viscoelasticity and the five-element Windkessel model in hemodynamic simulations. This proof-of-concept of the FFR numerical calculation tool provides a promising comprehensive assessment of atherosclerosis in a fast, accurate, more affordable, and fully non-invasive manner. After validation with more patient cases in the future, this tool could be employed in hospitals and offer a more accurate and individualized approach for the diagnosis and treatment of CAD.
Advances in Molten Metal Refining Process
Authors: Wang Fang
Published: December 2023

Molten metal is the intermediate product in metallurgical processes [...]
Once upon a Time Oral Microbiota: A Cinderella or a Protagonist in Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Authors: Mussap Michele , Beretta Paola , Esposito Elena , Fanos Vassilios
Published: December 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder evolving over the lifetime of individuals. The oral and gut microbial ecosystems are closely connected to each other and the brain and are potentially involved in neurodevelopmental diseases. This narrative review aims to identify all the available evidence emerging from observational studies focused on the role of the oral microbiome in ASD. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies published over the last ten years. Overall, in autistic children, the oral microbiota is marked by the abundance of several microbial species belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum and by the depletion of species belonging to the Bacteroidetes phylum. In mouse models, the oral microbiota is marked by the abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum. Oral dysbiosis in ASD induces changes in the human metabolome, with the overexpression of metabolites closely related to the pathogenesis of ASD, such as acetate, propionate, and indoles, together with the underexpression of butyrate, confirming the central role of tryptophan metabolism. The analysis of the literature evidences the close relationship between oral dysbiosis and autistic core symptoms; the rebuilding of the oral and gut ecosystems by probiotics may significantly contribute to mitigating the severity of ASD symptoms.
Polarization Z-Scan Studies Revealing Plasmon Coupling Enhancement Due to Dimer Formation of Gold Nanoparticles in Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Wang Shengwei , Lipchus Edward J. , Gharbi Mohamed Amine , Yelleswarapu Chandra S.
Published: December 2023

We investigate the plasmon coupling of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) dimers dispersed in a nematic liquid crystal matrix using the polarization z-scan technique. Our experimental setup includes the precise control of incident light polarization through polarization angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°. Two distinct cell orientations are examined: parallel and twisted nematic cells. In parallel-oriented cells, where liquid crystal molecules and AuNPs align with the rubbing direction, we observe a remarkable 2–3-fold increase in the nonlinear absorption coefficient when the polarization of the incident light is parallel to the rubbing direction. Additionally, a linear decrease in the third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient is noted as the polarization angle varies from 0° to 90°. In the case of twisted nematic cells, the NPs do not have any preferred orientation, and the enhancement remains consistent across all polarization angles. These findings conclusively establish that the observed enhancement in the nonlinear absorption coefficient is a direct consequence of plasmon coupling, shedding light on the intricate interplay between plasmonic nanostructures and liquid crystal matrices.
Physical Separations for Rare-Earth Beneficiation of the Nechalacho Deposit
Authors: Marion Christopher , Paris Justin , Grammatikopoulos Tassos , Li Ronghao , Kökkılıç Ozan , Langlois Ray , Rowson Neil A. , Waters Kristian E.
Published: December 2023

The rare-earth elements (REEs) are strategic metals which are indispensable to the development of modern defence systems, electronic applications, and green technologies. The growing economic and strategic importance of these sectors, coupled with uncertainty in the global supply, has led to the development of many new deposits around the world. Many of these deposits, such as the Nechalacho deposit, are complex and contain multiple rare-earth element-bearing minerals (REMs) for which there is limited processing knowledge. This study explores a physical-separations-based flowsheet to beneficiate the Nechalacho deposit, which employs a spiral concentrator to preconcentrate the ore at a relatively coarse particle size (d80 = 120 μm), before further size reduction (d100 = 53 μm) and separation using a Mozley laboratory shaking table and two stages (low- and high-intensity) of magnetic separation. QEMSCAN was used to understand the effectiveness of each stage of separation and provide recommendations to improve the process. Although optimisation would be required, the results demonstrate that the physical-separations-based flowsheet could be an effective method of beneficiation.
Identification of Potential Modulators of a Pathogenic G Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying K+ Channel 4 Mutant: In Silico Investigation in the Context of Drug Discovery for Hypertension
Authors: Pitsillou Eleni , Logothetis Alexander N. O. , Liang Julia J. , El-Osta Assam , Hung Andrew , AbuMaziad Asmaa S. , Karagiannis Tom C.
Published: December 2023

Genetic abnormalities have been associated with primary aldosteronism, a major cause of secondary hypertension. This includes mutations in the KCNJ5 gene, which encodes G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ channel 4 (GIRK4). For example, the substitution of glycine with glutamic acid gives rise to the pathogenic GIRK4G151E mutation, which alters channel selectivity, making it more permeable to Na+ and Ca2+. While tertiapin and tertiapin-Q are well-known peptide inhibitors of the GIRK4WT channel, clinically, there is a need for the development of selective modulators of mutated channels, including GIRK4G151E. Using in silico methods, including homology modeling, protein–peptide docking, ligand-binding site prediction, and molecular docking, we aimed to explore potential modulators of GIRK4WT and GIRK4G151E. Firstly, protein–peptide docking was performed to characterize the binding site of tertiapin and its derivative to the GIRK4 channels. In accordance with previous studies, the peptide inhibitors preferentially bind to the GIRK4WT channel selectivity filter compared to GIRK4G151E. A ligand-binding site analysis was subsequently performed, resulting in the identification of two potential regions of interest: the central cavity and G-loop gate. Utilizing curated chemical libraries, we screened over 700 small molecules against the central cavity of the GIRK4 channels. Flavonoids, including luteolin-7-O-rutinoside and rutin, and the macrolides rapamycin and troleandomycin bound strongly to the GIRK4 channels. Similarly, xanthophylls, particularly luteoxanthin, bound to the central cavity with a strong preference towards the mutated GIRK4G151E channel compared to GIRK4WT. Overall, our findings suggest potential lead compounds for further investigation, particularly luteoxanthin, that may selectively modulate GIRK4 channels.
New Biocide Based on Tributyltin(IV) Ferulate-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes for Preserving Historical Paper Artworks
Authors: Pellerito Claudia , Presentato Alessandro , Lazzara Giuseppe , Cavallaro Giuseppe , Alduina Rosa , Fiore Tiziana
Published: December 2023

Combining biologically active compounds with nanocarriers is an emerging and promising strategy for enhancing the activities of molecules while reducing their levels of toxicity. Green nanomaterials have recently gained momentum in developing protocols for treating and preserving artifacts. In this study, we designed a functional biohybrid material by incorporating tributyltin(IV) ferulate (TBT-F) into halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), generating a new formulation called HNT/TBT-F. The primary objective was to develop a formulation with robust antimicrobial properties and reinforcing features for treating paper with artistic and historical value. To characterize HNT/TBT-F, assess the HNT’s loading capacity, and investigate the TBT-F release kinetics from the nanotubes, various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis and infrared spectroscopies, thermogravimetry, and microscopy analysis, were employed. Furthermore, we evaluated the antimicrobial potential of TBT-F and HNT/TBT-F against Kocuria rhizophila, a bacterial strain known for its opportunistic behavior and a cause of artifact biodeterioration. HNT/TBT-F exhibited a significantly stronger bactericidal effect than TBT-F alone against K. rhizophila cells growing planktonically or those forming a biofilm. This enhanced performance could relate to the confinement of TBT-F within the nanotubes, which likely improved its physical-chemical stability and increased the local concentration of TBT-F upon contact with the bacterial cells. Additionally, we evaluated the mechanical properties of a paper treated with HNT/TBT-F, assessing any potential alterations in its color. The findings of this study highlight the favorable attributes of the HNT/TBT-F formulation and its potential for developing protocols aimed at consolidating and preserving culturally significant paper objects.
Palmatine Protects PC12 Cells and Mice from Aβ25-35-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway
Authors: Wang Yu , Pei Hongyan , Chen Weijia , Du Rui , Li Jianming , He Zhongmei
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer’s disease is a common degenerative disease which has a great impact on people’s daily lives, but there is still a certain market gap in the drug research about it. Palmatine, one of the main components of Huangteng, the rattan stem of Fibraurea recisa Pierre (Menispermaceae), has potential in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of palmatine on amyloid beta protein 25–35-induced rat pheochromocytoma cells and AD mice and to investigate its mechanism of action. CCK8 assays, ELISA, the Morris water maze assay, fluorescent probes, calcein/PI staining, immunofluorescent staining and Western blot analysis were used. The experimental results show that palmatine can increase the survival rate of Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells and mouse hippocampal neurons, reduce apoptosis, reduce the content of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, GSH, SOD, MDA and ROS, improve the learning and memory ability of AD mice, inhibit the expression of Keap-1 and Bax, and promote the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and Bcl-2. We conclude that palmatine can ameliorate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation produced by Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells and mice by modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. In conclusion, our results suggest that palmatine may have a potential therapeutic effect on AD and could be further investigated as a promising therapeutic agent for AD. It provides a theoretical basis for the development of related drugs.
Development of Novel Pyrrole Derivatives and Their Cinnamic Hybrids as Dual COX-2/LOX Inhibitors
Authors: Noti Viola , Pontiki Eleni , Hadjipavlou-Litina Dimitra
Published: December 2023

Molecular hybridization has emerged as a promising approach in the treatment of diseases exhibiting multifactorial etiology. With regard to this, dual cyclooxygenase-2/lipoxygenase (COX-2/LOX) inhibitors could be considered a safe alternative to traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs) and selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Taking this into account, six novel pyrrole derivatives and pyrrole–cinnamate hybrids were developed as potential COX-2 and soybean LOX (sLOX) inhibitors with antioxidant activity. In silico calculations were performed to predict their ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties and drug-likeness, while lipophilicity was experimentally determined as RM values. All synthesized compounds (1–4, 5–8) could be described as drug-like. The results from the docking studies on COX-2 were in accordance with the in vitro studies. According to molecular docking studies on soybean LOX, the compounds displayed allosteric interactions with the enzyme. Pyrrole 2 appeared to be the most potent s-LOX inhibitor (IC50 = 7.5 μM). Hybrids 5 and 6 presented a promising combination of in vitro LOX (IC50 for 5 = 30 μM, IC50 for 6 = 27.5 μM) and COX-2 (IC50 for 5 = 0.55 μM, IC50 for 6 = 7.0 μM) inhibitory activities, and therefore could be used as the lead compounds for the synthesis of more effective multi-target agents.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for Monitoring Intratibial Growth of Experimental Prostate Cancer Metastases in Mice
Authors: Huang Junchi , Montelius Mikael , Damber Jan-Erik , Welén Karin
Published: December 2023

Bone metastases cause morbidity and mortality in several human cancer forms. Experimental models are used to unravel the mechanisms and identify possible treatment targets. The location inside the skeleton complicates accurate assessment. This study evaluates the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of prostate cancer tumors growing intratibially in mice. MRI detected intratibial tumor lesions with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 89%, respectively, compared to histological evaluation. Location and some phenotypical features could also be readily detected with MRI. Regarding volume estimation, the correlation between MRI and histological assessment was high (p < 0.001, r = 0.936). In conclusion, this study finds MRI to be a reliable tool for in vivo, non-invasive, non-ionizing, real-time monitoring of intratibial tumor growth.
Sharing Cultural Heritage—The Case of the Lodovico Media Library
Authors: Al Kalak Matteo , Baraldi Lorenzo
Published: December 2023

The article aims to reflect on the Lodovico media library, a digital repository preserving the digitised cultural heritage of the Emilia-Romagna region. The first part covers the project’s history and the challenges encountered during its setup phase, and we also explore the co-creation approach employed in defining the metadata architecture. The discussion extends by outlining the key features of shared metadata, illustrating their application to diverse digital objects within the Lodovico media library. Following a concise examination of the methodology for collecting/creating data and the initial research findings, the article concludes by highlighting the project’s potential in the realm of automatic handwriting recognition processes.
Ultrasmall ATP-Coated Gold Nanoparticles Specifically Bind to Non-Hybridized Regions in DNA
Authors: Katrivas Liat , Ben-Menachem Asaf , Gupta Saloni , Kotlyar Alexander B.
Published: December 2023

Here we report the synthesis of ultrasmall (2 nm in diameter) ATP-coated gold nanoparticles, ATP-NPs. ATP-NPs can be enlarged in a predictable manner by the surface-catalyzed reduction of gold ions with ascorbate, yielding uniform gold nanoparticles ranging in size from 2 to 5 nm in diameter. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we demonstrate that ATP-NPs can efficiently and selectively bind to a short non-hybridized 5A/5A region (composed of a 5A-nucleotide on each strand of the double helix) inserted into a circular double-stranded plasmid, Puc19. Neither small (1.4 nm in diameter) commercially available nanoparticles nor 5 nm citrate-protected ones are capable of binding to the plasmid. The unique ability to specifically target DNA regions characterized by local structural alterations of the double helix can pave the way for applications of the particles in the detection of genomic DNA regions containing mismatches and mutations that are common for cancer cells.
Understanding the Immunological Quality of Breast Milk in Maternal Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Froń Anita , Orczyk-Pawiłowicz Magdalena
Published: December 2023

Maternal obesity, affecting many pregnant women globally, not only poses immediate health risks but also modulates breast milk composition. Obesity is linked to inflammation and oxidative stress, impacting breast milk’s immune properties. This paper explores the intricate relationship between maternal metabolic disorders, such as obesity, and breast milk’s immunological components. We conducted a thorough search for original and review articles published until 17 October 2023 in the PUBMED/Scopus database. This search included several terms related to human breast milk, immunological properties, and obesity. Articles were selected with the consensus of all authors. Maternal metabolic disorders have discernible effects on the composition of immune-related components in breast milk, such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, growth factors, extracellular vesicles, and lymphocytes. These changes in breast milk composition can significantly impact the newborn’s immune system, with potential long-term health implications beyond the immediate postnatal period. Maternal metabolic health is a critical factor in shaping the health trajectory of the neonate through breastfeeding, although the full advantages of breastfeeding for children of mothers with obesity remain uncertain. Ongoing research aims to understand and unravel these links.
Are Cytomorphogenetic Events Correlated with Oral Mucosal Lesions Induced by Crack Cocaine Use? A Systematic Review
Authors: Guedes Pinto Thiago , Viana Milena de Barros , Cury Patricia Ramos , Martins Manoela Domingues , dos Santos Jean Nunes , Ribeiro Daniel Araki
Published: December 2023

The aim of this systematic review was to answer the question of whether crack cocaine can induce cellular and molecular alterations and whether such alterations are somehow related to clinical lesions in the oral mucosa. The searches were undertaken in three electronic databases and conducted based on the PRISMA 2020 statement. Eleven studies published between 1994 and 2020 were analyzed. The quality of the included studies was assessed by two independent reviewers (TGP and DAR) through a confounder’s categorization methodology, in which final ratings were attributed (strong, moderate or weak) for each study. From 11 studies included, 7 evaluated the cellular/molecular impact of the addiction in a total of 492 individuals and compared to a control (non-exposure) group (n = 472). The main tests used for cellular alteration were MN and AgNORs. Cells from crack cocaine groups exhibited increased proliferation and MN counting. Only four studies evaluated the prevalence of oral lesions. All of them showed that individuals exposed to crack cocaine presented an increased number of oral lesions. Most studies showed good quality. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that crack use may induce changes at the cellular and molecular level and also exhibit an increased number of oral lesions. However, a correlation between such changes and oral mucosa lesions still needs further investigation and elucidation through other clinical studies in humans.
Procognitive, Anxiolytic, and Antidepressant-like Properties of Hyperoside and Protocatechuic Acid Corresponding with the Increase in Serum Serotonin Level after Prolonged Treatment in Mice
Authors: Orzelska-Górka Jolanta , Dos Santos Szewczyk Katarzyna , Gawrońska-Grzywacz Monika , Herbet Mariola , Lesniak Anna , Bielenica Anna , Bujalska-Zadrożny Magdalena , Biała Grażyna
Published: December 2023

Two polyphenols–hyperoside (HYP) and protocatechuic acid (PCA) were reported to exert antidepressant activity in rodents after acute treatment. Our previous study also showed that this activity might have been influenced by the monoaminergic system and the upregulation of the brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) level. A very long-term pharmacological therapy is required for the treatment of a patient with depression. The repetitive use of antidepressants is recognized to impact the brain structures responsible for regulating both emotional and cognitive behaviors. Thus, we investigated the antidepressant, anxiolytic, and procognitive effects of HYP and PCA in mice after acute and prolonged treatment (14 days). Both polyphenols induced an anxiogenic-like effect after acute treatment, whereas an anxiolytic effect occurred after repetitive administration. PCA and HYP showed procognitive effects when they were administered acutely and chronically, but it seems that their influence on long-term memory was stronger than on short-term memory. In addition, the preset study showed that the dose of 7.5 mg/kg of PCA and HYP was effective in counteracting the effects of co-administered scopolamine in the long-term memory impairment model induced by scopolamine. Our experiments revealed the compounds have no affinity for 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors, whereas a significant increase in serum serotonin level after prolonged administration of PCA and HYP at a dose of 3.75 mg/kg was observed. Thus, it supports the involvement of the serotonergic system in the polyphenol mechanisms. These findings led us to hypothesize that the polyphenols isolated from Impatiens glandulifera can hold promise in treating mental disorders with cognitive dysfunction. Consequently, extended studies are necessary to delve into their pharmacological profile.
In Vitro Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Activities and Toxicological Study of Optimized Psychotria malayana Jack Leaves Extract
Authors: Syed Mohamad Sharifah Nurul Akilah , Khatib Alfi , So’ad Siti Zaiton Mat , Ahmed Qamar Uddin , Ibrahim Zalikha , Nipun Tanzina Sharmin , Humaryanto Humaryanto , AlAjmi Mohamed F. , Khalifa Shaden A. M. , El-Seedi Hesham R.
Published: December 2023

Psychotria malayana Jack (Family: Rubiaceae, local name: Salung) is a traditional herb used to treat diabetes. A previous study by our research group demonstrated that P. malayana methanolic and water extract exhibits significant potential as an effective agent for managing diabetes. Further research has been performed on the extraction optimization of this plant to enhance its inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, a key enzyme associated with diabetes, and to reduce its toxicity. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the optimized P. malayana leaf extract (OE), to evaluate its toxicity using a zebrafish embryo/larvae model, and to analyze its metabolites. The anti-diabetic effects were assessed by investigating α-glucosidase inhibition (AGI), while the inflammation inhibitory activity was performed using the soybean lipoxygenase inhibitory (SLOXI) test. The assessment of antioxidant activity was performed utilizing FRAP and DPPH assays. The toxicology study was conducted using the zebrafish embryo/larvae (Danio rerio) model. The metabolites present in the extracts were analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS. OE demonstrated significant AGI and SLOXI activities, represented as 2.02 and 4.92 µg/mL for IC50 values, respectively. It exhibited potent antioxidant activities as determined by IC50 values of 13.08 µg/mL (using the DPPH assay) and 95.44 mmol TE/mg DW (using the FRAP assay), and also demonstrated an LC50 value of 224.29 µg/mL, which surpasses its therapeutic index of 111.03. OE exhibited a higher therapeutic index compared to that of the methanol extract (13.84) stated in the previous state of the art. This suggests that OE exhibits a lower level of toxicity, making it safer for use, and has the potential to be highly effective in its anti-diabetic activity. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated the presence of several constituents in this extract. Among them, several compounds, such as propanoic acid, succinic acid, D-tagatose, myo-inositol, isorhamnetin, moracin M-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, procyanidin B3, and leucopelargonidin, have been reported as possessing anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities. This finding offers great potential for future research in diabetes treatment.
The Intersection between Pharmacogenomics and Health Equity: A Case Example
Authors: Paetznick Courtney , Okoro Olihe
Published: December 2023

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) and the study of precision medicine has substantial power to either uplift health equity efforts or further widen the gap of our already existing health disparities. In either occurrence, the medication experience plays an integral role within this intersection on an individual and population level. Examples of this intertwined web are highlighted through a case discussion. With these perspectives in mind, several recommendations for the research and clinical communities are highlighted to promote equitable healthcare with PGx integrated.
Simulations of Lattice Vibrations in a One-Dimensional Triatomic Network
Authors: Ferreyra Romualdo Alejandro , Juan Alfredo
Published: December 2023

Using equivalent electrical circuits (EEC) is not common practice in several areas of physical chemistry. The phonon concept is used in solid-state works but much less frequently in branches of chemistry. Lattice vibration phenomena present a high complexity when solving equations in real systems. We present here a methodology that crosses disciplines and uses EEC that can be analyzed and solved using freely downloaded computer codes. To test our idea, we started with a one-dimensional lattice dynamics problem with two and three masses. The initial mechanical model is numerically solved, and then an equivalent circuit is solved in the framework of electrical network theory through the formalism of transfer function. Our lattice model is also solved using circuit analysis software. We found the dispersion relationship and the band gaps between acoustical and optical branches. The direct solution of a mechanical model gives the correct answers, however, the electrical analogue could give only a partial solution because the software was not designed to be converted into an analogue simulator. Due to the finite size of the circuit elements, the number of computed frequencies is less than those expected for two unit cells and right for eight. On the other hand, by using a huge number of electrical components, the network behaves like a low-pass filter, filtering higher frequencies.
Plant Growth-Promoting Soil Bacteria: Nitrogen Fixation, Phosphate Solubilization, Siderophore Production, and Other Biological Activities
Authors: Timofeeva Anna M. , Galyamova Maria R. , Sedykh Sergey E.
Published: December 2023

This review covers the literature data on plant growth-promoting bacteria in soil, which can fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphates, produce and secrete siderophores, and may exhibit several different behaviors simultaneously. We discuss perspectives for creating bacterial consortia and introducing them into the soil to increase crop productivity in agrosystems. The application of rhizosphere bacteria—which are capable of fixing nitrogen, solubilizing organic and inorganic phosphates, and secreting siderophores, as well as their consortia—has been demonstrated to meet the objectives of sustainable agriculture, such as increasing soil fertility and crop yields. The combining of plant growth-promoting bacteria with mineral fertilizers is a crucial trend that allows for a reduction in fertilizer use and is beneficial for crop production.
Chemical Elements in Hair and Their Association with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Chojnacka Katarzyna , Mikulewicz Marcin
Published: December 2023

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with increasing prevalence. This review aims to systematically investigate the relationship between the levels of toxic and trace elements in hair and the occurrence of ASD. Methods: Original articles reporting trace element levels in hair were included. A comprehensive search was conducted in databases such as Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering publications from 1 January 2000, to 2 January 2023. Keywords including “hair element analysis”, “trace elements”, and “autism”, were utilized in the search. Results: A direct comparison of the data was not possible due to the variety of methodologies observed in the available studies, including variations in sample sizes and analytical procedures. Conclusions: Exposure to toxic elements, notably Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb), which act as neurotoxicants, was found to be associated with the pathogenesis of ASD. Furthermore, a significant correlation was identified between the Zinc (Zn) to Copper (Cu) ratio and ASD.