bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Tax Management Transparency and Tax Fairness on Taxpayer Trust in the KPP of East Tangerang City in 2020
Authors: Maulani Agus
Published: December 2023

This research was conducted at KPP Pratama Kota Tangerang Timur. Research aims to find out the effect of transparency of tax management and taxpayer trust on taxpayer trust. This research uses a quantitative approach with survey research. This research sample was the taxpayers at KPP Pratama Kota Tangerang Timur and obtained 100 respondents. Data analysis uses multiple linear regressions. In this study, the authors used SPSS 25. The results of this study showed that The Transparency of Tax Management (X1) did not have a significant effect on taxpayer trust (Y) in the East Tangerang City Primary KPP only by 21.9% and the remaining 78.1% was influenced by other factors outside in this research model that were not studied by researchers. Tax Justice (X2) does not have a significant effect on taxpayer trust (Y) in KPP Pratama Kota Tangerang Timur only by 28.4% and the remaining 71.6% is influenced by other factors outside in this research model that are not studied by researchers. Other results, that together transparency of tax management (X1) and tax justice (X2) did not have a significant effect on taxpayer trust (Y) in KPP Pratama Kota Tangerang Timur only by 32.7% and the remaining 67.3% was influenced by other factors outside in this study model that were not studied by researchers.
Fjala si njësi e mëvetësishme e fjalësit
Authors: Shehu Hajri
Published: December 2023

Çfarë është fjala? Koncept i madh e i vështirë. Koncept i rrahur në tërë historinë e gjuhësisë (që nga Aristoteli). Dhe të leksikografisë. Nga arabët, në shekullin VII. Nga nevoja për të shpjeguar e komentuar Kur’anin. Në Babiloni, shumë më herët. Në Europë, në shekullin XIII përdoret për së pari fjala dictionarius – vepra që merret me fjalët. Në historinë e leksikografisë sonë, më 1635. Dhe ç’është fjala? Fjala është njësia e mëvetësishme më e vogël e gjuhës, që përbëhet nga disa tinguj a nga një tingull, e formësuar gramatikisht, që shënon sende e dukuri të realitetit ose shpreh qëndrimin e folësit ndaj asaj që thotë, lidh gjymtyrë të një fjalie ose fjali dhe riprodhohet e veçohet në rrjedhën e ligjërimit.” (Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe, 2006). Gjuhësisht, ky është koncepti për fjalën.
“variacioni sintaksor në të folmet e shqipes: tipare dhe treva”, tryezë e rrumbullakët, 13 Dhjetor 2017
Authors: Kananaj Anila
Published: December 2023

Instituti i Gjuhësisë dhe i Letërsisë organizoi tryezën e rrumbullakët “Variacioni sintaksor në të folmet e shqipes: tipare dhe treva”. Kjo tryezë shkencore u mbajt si një hap vijues mbas konferencës së vitit të kaluar “Variacioni sintaksor në të folmet dhe dialektet e shqipes” në rrugën drejt përgatitjes për projektin e një Atlasi të Sintaksës Dialektore të Shqipes. Tryeza i zhvilloi punimet në sallën “Aleks

Buda” të Akademisë së Shkencave më 13 dhjetor 2017, nga ora 10 deri në ora 16. Kjo tryezë ishte konceptuar në formën e kumtesave dhe diskutimeve të përgatitura për tiparet, trevat dhe metodat e hulumtimit për hartimin e një Atlasi të Sintaksës Dialektore të Shqipes.
Prof. Dr. Hasan Çipuri – terminologu i shquar ushtarak
Authors: Shehu Hajri
Published: December 2023

U nda nga jeta gjuhëtari me uniformë, profesor Hasan Çipuri. I përjetshëm qoftë kujtimi i tij!

32 fjalorë ushtarakë shqip-gjuhë e huaj mbajnë emrin e profesor Hasan Çipurit si autor, si bashkautor e si drejtues shkencor (kryeredaktor). Ai ka hartuar 160 zëra enciklopedikë. Ka shkruar 350 artikuj shkencorë e shkencorë-popullarizues. Ka përkthyer e ka botuar 14 libra historikë e ushtarakë. Ka drejtuar rreth 400 bashkëpunëtorë të jashtëm të Sektorit shkencor të Akademisë Ushtarake – tani, Akademia e Mbrojtjes. Ka hartuar e ka botuar 6 tekste mësimore universitare. Ka redaktuar 34 libra të fushave të ndryshme. Ka qenë pedagog në Universitetin e Tiranës e titullar i serbokroatishtes. Profesor Hasani ka qenë anëtar i Institutit Biografik Amerikan (American Biographical Institute); “Personalitet ndërkombëtar” i vitit 2001 (Kembrixh, 2002); një ndër “2000 intelektualët e shquar të shekullit XXI” (Kembrixh, Angli, 2001); një ndër “Europianët e shquar të shekullit XXI” (Kembrixh, 2003); “Drejtor i përgjithshëm nderi për Europën” i Qendrës Biografike Ndërkombëtare të Kembrixhit, Angli.
Një çerdhe fjalësh shqipe me lidhje etimologjike
Authors: Riska Albert
Published: December 2023

Është fjala për njësi leksikore të ndryshme, por që kanë midis tyre lidhje historike shumë interesante. Në gjendjen e sotme njësitë e grupit mund të shfaqen me zhvillime të ndryshme fonetike, morfologjike e semantike, por analizat tregojnë se kemi të bëjmë me përftime prej një baze të përbashkët. Është e rëndësishme të theksojmë në këtë mes se kemi zgjedhur të përdorim termin “fjalëpërftim” për të treguar zhvillime etimologjike fjalësh dhe jo formime të reja apo që vijnë nga modele të gjalla fjalëformimi. Përftimet etimologjike prej një baze të përbashkët u përkasin dy kategorive të ndryshme që do të kërkonin analiza etimologjike në dy nivele. Në nivelin e parë të analizës etimologjike do të arrinim deri te rrënjët e fjalëve të çerdhes. Këtu do të kërkoheshin: evidentimi i zhvillimeve të mundshme fonetike dhe veçimi i mjeteve të dikurshme të fjalëformimit, çka do të shpinte te veçimi i rrënjës.
Zgjeruesit e temës së foljes në gjuhën shqipe si njësi jomorfemore
Authors: Dauti Leonard
Published: December 2023

Zgjeruesit e temës së foljes në gjuhën shqipe dalin si përbërës të konstrukteve foljore sintetike. Për analizën e këtyre konstrukteve do t’i shmangemi interpretimit të strukturës si lidhje sintagmatike e bazuar në inventarin e morfemave dhe në mundësitë kombinuese të tyre. Struktura morfologjike e foljes, por edhe e fjalës në përgjithësi, do të shihet jo si fryt i operacioneve kombinuese të morfemave, por si shprehëse/përfaqësim i një modeli të caktuar eptimor, i ngjizur si gjedhe konjitive1. Duke u nisur nga modeli morfologjik, nga natyra dhe rruga e përftimit të tij, mund të përcaktojmë saktësisht jo vetëm njësitë që marrin pjesë në formimin e strukturës morfologjike të foljes, por edhe natyrën e tyre në përputhje me funksionin përkatës që ato përmbushin brenda saj. Përcaktimi se “Morfologjia nuk është sintaksa e morfemave; morfemat luajnë një rol të dorës së dytë në lidhje me rregullsitë morfologjike.” (Booij, 2019:2), qëndron në themel të këtij këndvështrimi, sipas të cilit, nuk janë morfemat dhe mundësitë kombinuese të tyre që krijojnë ligjësitë morfologjike, por janë modelet, përkatësisht gjedhet konjitive, ato që i japin kuptim bashkimit dhe kombinimit të morfemave.
Dukuri të ndërgjuhës tek shqipfolësi me italishten si gjuhë të dytë
Authors: Sinanaj Valbona
Published: December 2023

Globalizimi i shoqërisë dhe prania e shumë kulturave, shpejtësia dhe intensiteti i informacionit që karakterizon kohën në të cilën jetojmë, janë një sfidë jo vetëm për institucionet arsimore, por edhe për anëtarët e një shoqërie të caktuar. Tradicionalisht, gjuha është studiuar si në aspektin metalinguistik, ashtu dhe nisur nga marrëdhëniet e gjuhës me faktorë jashtëgjuhësorë, si: aspekti social, etnologjik, psikologjik etj. Gjuha është një udhërrëfyes drejt realitetit gjuhësor, ajo kushtëzon fuqimisht të gjithë mendimin tonë për problemet dhe proceset shoqërore, duke vulosur një formë të veçantë të substancës së botës në të cilën flitet.
Hyrje e veprës “vëzhgime, kërkime dhe studime në lëmin e gjuhës shqipe” në 10 vëllime
Authors: Luka David
Published: December 2023

Vëllimi i nëntë përmban tri pjesë. E para titullohet “Për gjuhën shqipe standard”. Për këtë problem i kemi shprehur mendimet tona ndër katër vëllime të Studimeve gjuhësore (VII, VIII, IX, XIII)1, duke u kushtuar nga një kapitull të veçantë. Shkaku i këtyre shkrimeve, kryesisht edhe i reagimeve të ashpra ndaj tyre, është qëndrimi i gjuhësisë “zyrtare” të sotme për problemin në fjalë. Ky qëndrim, sipas nesh, mund të përmblidhet në 4 pika kryesore.
Prof. Çlirim Bidollari (1946-2018)
Authors: Omari Anila
Published: December 2023

Më 22 shtator 2018 u nda nga jeta kolegu ynë, punonjësi i Institutit të Gjuhësisë e të Letërsisë, prof. Çlirim Bidollari.
Robert Elsie (1950-2018)
Authors: Dreshaj Myrvete , Baliu Begzad
Published: December 2023

Në tetor të vitit 2018, kur askush nuk e priste dhe kur edhe ne që e dinim se ishte shtruar në spital nga një virus jo shumë i zakonshëm nuk e besonim, u nda nga jeta albanologu Robert Elsie. Robert Elsie lindi në Vankuver të Kanadasë (8 shkurt 1950), ku fillimisht studioi për filologji klasike, ndërsa në ndërkohë ai tregoi interesim për kërkime edhe në kontekst të gjuhëve të tjera krahasuese, sikur janë: frëngjishtja, spanjishtja rusishtja, gjuhët baltike, gjuhët keltike etj., për të vazhduar edhe me gjuhët e Ballkanit: greqishten dhe shqipen.

Me gjuhët e periudhës së parë mbrojti doktoratën në Universitetin e Bonit, me titull: Raportet dialektore në goidelikishte, studim në dialektologjinë kelte (1986). Në këtë periudhë ai studioi në Universitetin e Berlinit e të Parisit edhe sansikritishten, bretonishten e gjuhët e zhdukura të Europës Jugore. Në të vërtetë, të nxënit e gjuhëve Robert Elsie e kishte pasion jo vetëm për përgatitjen e tij akademike po edhe kërkim, e më saktësisht dhunti jetësore gjatë gjithë veprimtarisë së tij shkencore. Dekadën e fundit të jetës ai tregoi pasion edhe për gjuhët lindore, me përkushtim osmanishten.
Simulation analysis of shoulder joint for biomimetic robotic arm
Authors: Zhang Ruojing
Published: December 2023

A five degree of freedom biomimetic robotic arm was designed using the anthropomorphic method. The arm mainly uses a combination of worm and gear mechanisms to achieve the motion of the robotic arm, which has the advantages of simple structure and reliable motion. adopt A mathematical model of the mechanism was established and kinematic analysis was conducted on the bionic robotic arm.
Force Characteristics Analysis of Yixing Pump-Turbine Head Cover Bolts
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Wang Delou , Zhang Peng , Chen Liu , Zhang Zheng , Li Chengjun , Chen Yuwen , Chen Shunyi , Xue Tianjiao
Published: December 2023

This article conducts numerical calculations on the head cover bolts of the pump turbine in Yixing Pumped Storage Power Station under typical steady-state and transient conditions and analyses the force characteristics of the coupling bolts under turbine, pump, pump zero flow and load rejection conditions. On this basis, further evaluation of head cover bolts safety and reasonable suggestions for subsequent operation are provided.
Analysis of lateral running of small crawler transporter on slope
Authors: Hu Guangzhong , Xie Guangyu , Cao Xiuquan , Deng Zhiyuan , Zhang Yuhang , Chen Tingting , Xie Lixian
Published: December 2023

The lateral climbing force of a crawler transporter is analyzed with the help of relevant theoretical formulas. Discrete element software and multi-body dynamics software were used to carry out coupling simulation for tracked vehicles, and orthogonal test was used to analyze the main and secondary factors affecting the lateral climbing of tracked vehicles. The results show that the main factors affecting the lateral climbing of tracked transporters are respectively the track gauge, the lateral deviation of the center of gravity and the vertical height of the center of gravity.
Designing of specific primers for different allelic forms of the DREB gene in bread
wheat
Authors:   Bioadaptation Laboratory,
            Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education
            of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Aliyeva Khayala , Rustamova Samira ,   Bioadaptation Laboratory,
            Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education
            of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Huseynova Irada ,   Bioadaptation Laboratory,
            Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education
            of the Republic of Azerbaijan,   Baku State
            University
Published: December 2023

The DREB transcription factor gene, which is considered the main component of the
signaling network that regulates stress tolerance, was downloaded from the D genome of
wheat whose genome was read from the EnsemblPlants database within the framework of the
International Consortium on Wheat Genome Sequencing (Triticum aestivum IWGSC), and the
intron-exon composition, domain structure and allelic forms were determined. The AP2
domain, which is responsible for the binding of the DREB protein to the target site on
DNA, was found to be located in exon 2, and 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
causing amino acid changes in this area of the gene were determined. For the C/T allele,
which leads to the replacement of valine at the 31st amino acid in the DREB protein with
isoleucine, 5 pairs of primers meeting the requirements of RT-PCR were designed and
tested experimentally, and 2 pairs of primers were found to be effective for the
determination of this allele. Determination of SNPs that cause overexpression of the
DREB gene is important for the future development of tolerant wheat varieties that can
produce high yields under stress conditions by using the site-specific editing
capabilities of CRISPR-Cas genome technology.
Effect of different doses and application types of nitrogen fertilizer on some
physiological and agronomical parameters of bread wheat genotypes
Authors:   Soil and Plant Analysis
            Laboratory, Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the
            Republic of Azerbaijan, Novruzov Lachin , Allahverdiyev Tofig ,   Department of Plant
            Physiology, Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture of the
            Republic of Azerbaijan,   Bioadaptation Laboratory,
            Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education
            of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Published: December 2023

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop in many regions of the
World. Wheat production in the world depends significantly on the application of
nitrogen fertilizer in the right amount and time. We studied the effect of different
doses (0, 90, 120, 150kgN/ha) and application types (full, split) of nitrogen (N)
fertilizer on some physiological (gas exchange, pigments content, relative water
content, stem dry mass), agronomical (aboveground biomass, number of stems per unit
area, grain yield) parameters of 3 bread wheat genotypes. Increasing the dose of
nitrogen fertilizer had a positive effect on the parameters studied, with the exception
harvest index. Full application of N was more effective. The response of the Gobustan
and Gyrmyzy gul 1 genotypes to the use of N fertilizer was more strict. Keywords: Wheat,
nitrogen fertilizer, physiological and agronomical parameters, pigments, grain
yield
PEMAKNAAN LEKSIKON KEKERABATAN PADA BAHASA JAWA YANG TELAH TERINTEGRASI KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA: KAJIAN NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE
Authors: Ariefian Maftukhin , Syahirah Salsabilla Syifa , Herpindo Herpindo
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan perbedaan pemaknaan pada leksikon kekerabatan bahasa Jawa yang telah terintegrasi ke dalam bahasa Indonesia serta mengungkap perbedaan tersebut melalui eksplikasi teori natural semantic metalanguage (NSM). Data pada penelitian ini bersumber dari penggunaan leksikon kekerabatan tersebut pada bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Indonesia, yaitu (KBBI) Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia edisi keenam/versi web Sipebi. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan metode penyediaan data berupa metode simak.Terdapat lima tahapan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, yakni (1) menggunakan teknik sadap, (2) dilanjutkan dengan teknik simak libat cakap (SLC), teknik sadap dan teknik libat cakap digunakan guna mencari data lisan, (3) kemudian menggunakan teknik catat guna mencatat sumber data tertulis, (4) langkah analisis data berdasarkan teori NSM, (5) dan mengklasifikasikan, membandingkan, serta menjabarkan data secara desksriptif. Hasil temuan berupa adanya perbedaan pemaknaan dalam penggunaannya pada bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Indonesia. Perbedaan tersebut ditemukan pada kata pakdhe, budhe, mas, mbak, dan adhik atau adik. Pola-pola yang ditemukan dalam perbedaan tersebut berupa penyempitan konteks pemaknaan dari B1 ke B2. Pola penyempitan konteks pemaknaan tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya bias budaya pada B1 yang tidak diketahui atau jarang diketahui oleh penutur B2. Penjabaran pemaknaan leksikon dalam bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Indonesia dapat membantu mengurangi kesalahpahaman.
Peranan Audit Internal dalam Pengendalian Fraud di Era Digital
Authors: Anthony Cecilia Ancelin Feodora , Lumban Gaol Wira Natali Angeline , Purba Hans Nehemia Natanael , Raudina Helga Claresta , Maulana Agus
Published: December 2023

Semua aspek kehidupan sekarang ini sudah semakin dimudahkan teknologi, termasuk auditing dan akuntansi. Seorang tenaga akuntan dituntut untuk mampu mengikuti arus perkembangan zaman. Usaha yang dapat dilakukan salah satunya dengan menguasai berbagai software akuntansi. Audit internal adalah pekerjaan untuk mengevaluasi perusahaan dalam mengurus keuangan. Fraud adalah kecurangan, sering kali terjadi di perusahaan, namun dapat dikendalikan dengan beberapa hal termasuk audit internal. Tujuan penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa audit internal memiliki peran dalam pengendalian kecurangan yang sering kali terjadi di perusahaan, terutama pengendalian fraud menggunakan teknologi. Metode penelitian menggunakan kualitatif studi literatur dengan sumber-sumber penelitian berasal jurnal yang relevan sebanyak delapan jurnal. Hasil penelitian adalah pengendalian fraud di era digital yang bisa dilakukan audit: deteksi, investigasi, pemantauan dan evaluasi serta tindak lanjut atas tindak fraud dengan penerapan metode Whistleblowing system, penggunaan software khusus audit, aplikasi audit seperti Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) dan metode lainnya. Dapat disimpulkan dari hasil penelitian ini dengan kecurangan semakin beragam, solusi dari permasalahan ini adalah perusahaan harus mengambil tindakan dengan memperkuat pengawasan internal dengan ditunjang kemajuan teknologi informasi pula. Audit internal berperan besar dalam pengendalian fraud.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Industri Farmasi Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Zahra Aulia Refika , Fahria Rahmasari
Published: December 2023

Tujuan dari penulisan ini untuk menganalisis kinerja keuangan industri farmasi pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Analisis ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data kuantitatif sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan tahunan perusahaan industri farmasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2020-2021. Analisis menggunakan rasio keuangan, meliputi Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Profitabilitas, Rasio Solvabilitas, dan Rasio Aktivitas. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa umumnya perusahaan farmasi milik swasta (BUMS) memiliki kinerja keuangan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perusahaan farmasi milik negara (BUMN) selama masa pandemi COVID-19.
The effectiveness of Moodle's “Lesson” feature in pre-learning about arterial puncture and blood transfusion procedures
Authors: Lee Haeyoung , Lee Sang-Shin , Hwang Hyunyong
Published: December 2023

Background: This study evaluated the effectiveness of Moodle’s “Lesson” feature as a pre-learning tool for clinical skills among medical students. Methods: The performance of 69 fourth-year medical students during practical sessions on arterial puncture and blood transfusion was assessed. These students engaged in pre-learning activities via Moodle's “Lesson” feature. We analyzed the survey results to gauge students’ satisfaction and perceived usefulness of the pre-learning approach. Additionally, we compared the performance of the 2023 cohort, which took part in the pre-learning process, with students from 2020 to 2022 who did not have this preparatory component.Results: Among the students surveyed, data from 59 respondents were analyzed. Satisfaction with the pre-learning segment was high, with a mean satisfaction score of 4.69 (standard deviation [SD]=0.62) and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.918. The tool's perceived usefulness was also rated highly, with a mean score of 4.77 (SD=0.53) and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.956. Students who used the pre-learning tool had a mean score of 84.20 (SD=14.74), whereas those who did not use the tool scored slightly lower, with a mean of 80.40 (SD=13.07); however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.196). Nonetheless, the 2023 cohort scores were generally higher across the various percentile measures than those of the 2020–2022 groups.Conclusions: The pre-learning tool using the “Lesson” feature on Moodle proved useful and satisfactory for students learning clinical procedures. Further research with larger cohorts is required to validate these findings.
Interpretation of the concept through the prism of quantum theory
Authors: Latiypova Yuliya Alfritovna , Vorob'eva Ol'ga Vladimirovna , Absalyamova Liliya Faritovna
Published: December 2023

Changes in the field of quantum theory taking place in modern science have also affected linguistics. Quantum mechanics is one of the major achievements of past difficulties. The object of study of quantum theory is a minimal, weekly particle - a quantum. The functional liquidity of quanta and linguistic units has been revealed, which makes it possible to transfer research from quantum mechanics to the field of cognitive linguistics. The quantum-cognitive approach expands the view of the concept of nature, highlights its quantum properties and allows us to consider its dynamics as a quantum wave process. In the article, the subject of research is the concept, its dynamics as a change in the states of the concept and its interaction in various combinations. The work pays attention to such phenomena as quantum entanglement, quantum nonlocality, measurement, and contextuality. Modeling in the quantum-cognitive aspect involves considering changes in the state of a concept under the influence of context. The state of the concept through the prism of quantum mechanics is considered as a wave function that changes under the influence of context. To apply general methodological approaches to describing both phenomena, we will focus on such phenomena as “quantum uncertainty” and “quantum entanglement.” The article explores the concept through the prism of quantum theory. The material for the study was scientific publications and articles selected by a continuous sampling method on the topics “Quantum Physics”, “Quantum Mechanics”, “Quantum Physics”, “Cognitive Linguistics”. The object of study of the article is the concept as a quantum immaterial cognitive formation that exists in the human mind. The study of the concept is based on a synthesis of the principles of two scientific directions: quantum mechanics and cognitive linguistics.
Improvement of fluorine attack induced word-line leakage in 3D NAND flash memory
Authors: Fang Yu-Xuan , Xia Zhi-Liang , Yang Tao , Zhou Wen-Xi , Huo Zong-Liang ,   Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China,   Yangtze Memory Technologies Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430071, China,   Yangtze Advanced Memory Industry Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430014, China
Published: December 2023

In this work, the influence of fluorine (F) erosion on tungsten (W) gate process is studied, and the measure to mitigate the word line (WL) leakage resulting from F erosion in 3D NAND flash memory is proposed. As the number of layers in 3D NAND increases, the tungsten (W) gate word line (WL) layer fill process becomes more challenging in the post-gate process. As the fill path length increases, the tungsten gates become more susceptible to voiding during deposition, resulting in the accumulation of fluorine (F) by-products, and causing fluorine attack issues. In particular, under the influence of subsequent high-temperature processes, the by-products containing fluorine can diffuse into the surrounding structure and corrode the surrounding oxide layer. This leads to WL leakage, thereby affecting device yield and reliability. This paper begins by analyzing the microscopic principles of fluorine erosion in 3D NAND. We also propose a low-pressure annealing method to address the issue of fluorine erosion. Then, we conduct the experiments on annealing planar thin film stacks and 3D filled structures under atmospheric condition and low-pressure condition. We use various methods to characterize the concentration and distribution of residual fluorine elements. The experimental results demonstrate that under appropriate conditions, the residual fluorine in the tungsten gate can be effectively released by low-pressure annealing, thus reducing the leakage index of the word line. Additionally, as the outer CH is closer to the fluorine discharge channel, the influence of low-pressure annealing on the outer CH is more pronounced than on the inner CH. The low-pressure annealing can significantly reduce the fluorine content in the tungsten gate. This method can also mitigate the issue of fluorine attack oxides and reducethe WL leakage. Using low-pressure annealing treatment can also enhance the quality of 3D NAND flash technology.
Influence of strong laser field on nuclear α decay
Authors: Zhang Kai-Lin , Han Sheng-Xian , Yue Sheng-Jun , Liu Zuo-Ye , Hu Bi-Tao ,   School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Published: December 2023

With the development of pulse amplification and compression technology, the peak power of the pulse has been improved by several orders of magnitude, and it is possible for the ultra strong laser field to affect nuclei directly. The α decay, as one of the most major forms in nuclear reaction, is a critical research topic in nuclear physics. According to the theory of Gamow model explaining nuclear α decay in quantum mechanics, double folding model solving nuclear potential energy, and cluster model describing atomic nucleus, we present a complete set of solutions for the half-life of nuclear α decay to study the influence of ultra strong laser field on nuclear α decay. These half-lives of α decay of different nuclei from medium to heavy in the absence of laser field are obtained, which accord well with the experimental data. Subsequently, we introduce the effects of ultra strong laser field into our theoretical method to achieve the variations of the half-life of nuclear α decay. Considering that the optical period of the laser pulse is much longer than the theoretical tunneling time and the Lorentz force is much smaller than the Coulomb force, the laser field is treated as an electrostatic field. The results show that the half-life of nuclear α decay will reduce about 0.1% by the strong laser field with a peak power density of about 1.0×1026 W/cm2, demonstrating that the half-life of nuclear α decay is effectively affected by the strong laser field. Furthermore, the influences of the nuclear parameters, e.g. total quantum number G describing α particle orbits, and α decay reaction energy Qα, on the variations of these half-lives of α decay of different nuclei are discussed with the help of the calculation results. The dependence of the half-lives of nuclear α decay on the laser peak power density is also explained correspondingly. In summary, we provide a more accurate method of calculating the half-life of nuclear α decay, which is used to study the influences of ultra strong laser field on these half-lives of nuclear α decay of different nuclei. With the further construction of strong laser devices, more interesting phenomena and results will be found from the experiment on the atomic nucleus under strong laser field.
Experiences and Expectations: Drivers of Urban Tourist Destination Competitiveness
Authors: Pavković Vladimir , Vlastelica Tamara , Kostić-Stanković Milica , Dlačić Jasmina
Published: December 2023

Research Question: This paper investigates into how the relationship between the perceived quality of tourists’ experiences and their expectations of the well-reputed urban tourist destinations affect its competitiveness. Motivation: Most of the published research in this field focuses on a general approach to the competitiveness, while the effect of the individual dimensions of tourist destination attractiveness, especially in case of urban tourist destinations, is still insufficiently explored. This study provides insights and recommendations for destination management that would result in a more effective management of urban tourist destinations and, consequently, increase competitiveness of the destination. Idea: The main idea of this study is to empirically evaluate the relationship between the perceived quality of tourists’ experiences and their expectations from urban tourist destinations, and to identify the most important dimensions of tourist destination attractiveness, taking into consideration different motivational factors. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to give recommendations that can contribute to increasing tourists’ satisfaction and competitiveness of the urban tourist destination. Data: The study was conducted on a sample of 312 respondents from Belgrade, a large outbound tourist centre, who met the pre-established set of criteria. Computer-aided web interviewing (CAWI) was used for data collection. Tools: The study was conducted using the Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between the perceived quality of experiences and expectations, and the SERVQUAL model for measuring quality of dimensions of tourist destination attractiveness by evaluating the differences between perceived quality and expectations, and descriptive statistics. Findings: Traditional understanding of tourists’ satisfaction that leads to tourist destination competitiveness is that the tourists’ expectations must be either met or exceeded. This study showed that tourists’ expectations from certain  dimensions of tourist destination attractiveness may be higher than the quality of the experience with them, but tourists would still be satisfied if the perceived quality of their experiences was positive. Moreover, the study has identified three social and one physical dimension of tourist destination attractiveness as the most significant, regardless of tourists’ travel motivation. Contribution: The study contributes to the existing body of literature by introduction of the new data-driven approach to the strategic processes of managing urban tourist destination and its dimensions of tourist destination attractiveness.
TIEMPO DE TRATAMIENTO Y CALIDAD DE VIDA EN PACIENTES CON ENFERMEDAD RENAL CRÓNICA
Authors: Hernández Valles Jonathan Hermayn , González Vázquez Annel , Moreno Monsiváis María Guadalupe , Interial Guzmán Ma. Guadalupe
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN: La duración del tratamiento de hemodiálisis en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica puede impactar significativamente en su calidad de vida. Esto se debe a las exigencias que conlleva someterse a este procedimiento, ya que implica ajustes en las actividades cotidianas. OBJETIVO: Determinar la relación entre el tiempo de tratamiento y la calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en atención primaria. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, con una muestra de 103 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica con tratamiento de hemodiálisis. La calidad de vida se midió a través del instrumento SF-36, se analizó en el paquete estadístico SPSS utilizando estadística descriptiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: Se reportó una media de calidad de vida global de 56,78 (DE=18,24) de valores de 0 a 100, el 50,5% de los participantes tiene de 4 a 6 años con el tratamiento de hemodiálisis. Se demostró una correlación negativa y significativa entre el tiempo de tratamiento con el rol físico (rs = -0,218, p = 0,05). Así mismo, entre la edad del paciente con la calidad de vida global (rs = -0,393, p = 0,01), analizada a través de las dimensiones función física, rol físico, dolor corporal, vitalidad y salud mental. CONCLUSIÓN: La edad y el tiempo de tratamiento afectan la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad renal en tratamiento de hemodiálisis. Se recomienda implementar en la atención primaria intervenciones de enfermería que involucren ambas variables para promover una mejora sustancial en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Where are resilience-based management strategies appropriate for coral reefs? Mapping environmental conditions and trends in coral cover in Guam and American Samoa
Authors: Moritsch Monica , Foley Miranda
Published: December 2023

Resilience-based management strategies are gaining attention as tools to improve coral survival and recovery under increasingly stressful conditions. Prioritizing locations to implement these strategies depends on knowing where corals already show potential signs of resilience and how environmental conditions may shift with climate change. We synthesized environmental conditions and coral cover trends in Guam and American Samoa using present-day climate conditions and 2 future climate scenarios: Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5. We examined the spatial overlap between favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions and locations where coral reefs have maintained or increased coral cover over the past decade. Locations representing 4 combinations of the aforementioned characteristics may be subject to different management strategies: (1) conservation and restoration of robust corals, (2) restoration of declining corals, (3) conservation of genetic material of robust corals and stressor mitigation, and (4) no clear strategy for declining corals. We estimated areas in which multiple management actions could be performed based on these combinations. Under present-day climate conditions, the conservation of genetic material and stressor mitigation were overrepresented in Guam, comprising 23% of the study area; this declined to 15% in future climate scenarios. Coral restoration was at first underrepresented (0%). In American Samoa, the proportional area for each strategy remained consistent regardless of climate. Coral restoration was overrepresented, comprising 54% to 56% of the study area, whereas the conservation of genetic material and stressor mitigation were underrepresented (9% to 11%, respectively). Our approach offers a rapid way to assess where potential management actions could be applied based on data aggregated over large spatial extents, which can complement more detailed, labor-intensive assessments of reef community dynamics, particularly if distinct coral communities inform the boundaries of aggregation units. These results may guide managers in selecting ecologically suitable locations for implementing resilience-based management strategies for coral reefs.
ТРИ ИСТОЧНИКА И ТРИ СОСТАВНЫЕ ЧАСТИ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ЭНЕРГОПЕРЕХОДА, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Иванов Николай Александрович
Published: December 2023

Трансформация мировой экономики в направлении предпочтительного использования энергоресурсов с низким углеродным следом, получившая название глобальный энергопереход, началась во втором десятилетии XXI века и с тех пор набирает силу. Можно обозначить три главных драйвера энергоперехода: 1) американская сланцевая революция, давшая новый источник нефти и газа и расширившая психологические границы технологического прогресса; 2) международная климатическая политика, поставившая цели низкоуглеродного развития странам и компаниям; 3) развитие технологий получения, доставки и использования сжиженного природного газа, что способствует конвергенции региональных газовых рынков и обеспечивает дополнительную гибкость энергетическим системам
The Influence of Hedonic Browsing and Flow Experience of Instagram on Food and Beverages Online Impulsive Buying
Authors: Husada Jessica Novia , Prawiyadi Claudy , Andreani Fransisca
Published: December 2023

Marketers use Instagram as one of the most popular social media platforms to sell their products or services. Its features have encouraged its consumers to spend time doing hedonic browsing. This online browsing enables consumers to get a flow experience that makes them buy products and services impulsively, especially food and beverages. This study is to determine the effects of the hedonic browsing and flow experience of Instagram on food and beverages to online impulsive buying. The questionnaires were taken from 160 respondents and analyzed using SPSS and Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study show that hedonic browsing has a positive and significant influence on flow experience.  Flow experience has a positive and significant influence on online impulsive buying. Hedonic browsing also has a positive and significant influence on online impulsive buying. Finally, flow experience has mediated the effect of hedonic browsing on the impulsive online buying of food and beverages.
Unlocking Financial Literacy in Generation Z: Are Sociodemographic Factors the Key?
Authors: Yusup Adi Kurniawan , Hongdiyanto Charly
Published: December 2023

This research aims to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic factors, encompassing age, gender, and access to the internet among Generation Z in Surabaya, utilizing the convergence theory framework. Convergence theory posits that both heredity and environmental factors can affect human development. There are 441 respondents employed as the sample of this research. We use multiple regression linear analysis to examine the hypothesis. The finding reveals that age and gender positively affect financial literacy, whereas access to the internet does not directly affect financial literacy. Instead, it exerts an indirect effect through financial interest. Various robustness tests were conducted, and the results remained consistent.
Agropolitan Tourism Village Strategies Based on SWOT Analysis
Authors: Nuraida Ida , Sugiharto Bambang , Marjuka Yuwana
Published: December 2023

Despite its rich potentials, agritourism in West Bandung regency has been stuck in the status quo and needs new ideas. The farmers are struggling on their own with minimal support from the government, the uniqueness of their local culture has never been exposed, and the infrastructure is poor. The concept of ‘agropolitan’ is one of the best possibilities to implement. The aim of this research is to create an agropolitan strategy that that is workable based on the analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT analysis). The research objects were 15 micro-scale community-based agritourism farmers and 5 agritourism MSMEs. This research used qualitative methodology with in-depth interviews and field observations. The research came up with a strategy that requires the materialization of the following items: Agropolitan promotion centers will prepare a central tourism information system, one stop shopping packages, parking lots, and tour transportation. Agropolitan stakeholders will need to improve service quality, increase collaboration and provide employment. Whereas the local governments will have to provide support for facilities, infrastructure, regulations, signage and gates. All this will be able to increase promotion and empower MSMEs. If implemented, this will be able to revitalize agritourism much better.
Organic Chlorofluoro Hydrocarbons
Authors: Gadagbui Bernard K. , Onyema Chijioke
Published: December 2023

This chapter is about organic chlorofluoro hydrocarbons, which are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F). In the early 1930s, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were introduced in the 1930s as “safe” replacements for refrigerants such as sulfur dioxide, ammonia, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform. The list was later expanded during World War II to include their use to produce insecticide aerosols to protect the troops in tropical areas against malaria and other insect‐borne diseases. Current usages include foam blowing, precision cleaning, and propellants for medicinal, cosmetic, and general‐purpose aerosols, air conditioning, and refrigeration.

The expanded use of these CFCs has resulted in their emissions into the atmosphere. The CFCs have low chemical reactivity, long atmospheric lifetime, and are globally distributed. However, since they are ozone‐depleting and are also powerful greenhouse gases (GHGs), development was initiated to replace them with comparatively less ozone‐depleting and less greenhouse‐warming hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). Subsequently, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) were developed that were both less ozone‐depleting and less GHGs accumulating.

Both CFCs and HCFCs are controlled under the Montreal Protocol. The widespread use concerns about their environmental and human health effects of these substances have been extensively reviewed. This chapter updates information on the health effects of some of the major and minor CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs, their global emissions estimates, the discrepancies, if any, between the major reporting regions and the global atmospheric emissions values, and the likely sources of the gap between the atmospheric measurements and the reported emissions.
Esters of Mono‐ and Alkenyl Carboxylic Acids and Mono‐ and Polyalcohols
Authors: Street Stephanie M.
Published: December 2023

This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the toxicological properties, hazards, and regulatory considerations associated with esters of mono‐ and alkenyl carboxylic acids and mono‐ and polyalcohols. It is intended to serve as a resource for toxicologists, industrial hygienists, regulatory agencies, and researchers involved in understanding chemical safety to promote informed decision‐making. The chapter includes 50 compounds and details the wide range of industrial uses of these ester derivatives from many diverse sectors such as chemical manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and food flavorings. The mechanisms of toxicity, including both acute and chronic effects, were examined to understand the potential adverse health outcomes associated with exposure based on available toxicological data and pharmacokinetics and metabolism were included to elucidate the behavior of these ester derivatives within the human body. The potential for exposure to these esters arises during production, handling, and utilization of these products, emphasizing the significance of understanding their toxicological properties.
All‐Solid‐State Transparent Variable Infrared Emissivity Devices for Multi‐Mode Smart Windows
Authors: Zhang Hulin , Zhang Xiang , Sun Wenhai , Chen Mingjun , Xiao Yingjun , Ding Zhenmin , Yan Dukang , Deng Jianbo , Li Zitong , Zhao Jiupeng , Li Yao
Published: December 2023

Smart windows that incorporate photothermal modulators (PMs) can independently regulate solar transmittance and infrared (IR) emissivity to improve building comfort and reduce energy consumption. Herein, a novel all‐solid‐state variable IR emissivity device (VED) is first designed and fabricated with a high visible irradiation transmittance (T′vis = 0.79) and solar irradiation transmittance (T′sol = 0.75) using an ITO/SiO2/ITO Fabry–Perot cavity structure. The VED exhibits different IR emissivity (ɛ) values at positive (ɛP = 0.80) and negative (ɛN = 0.38) bias, allowing for dynamic regulation of radiation by controlling the electrical conductivity of the indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. Furthermore, an all‐solid‐state PM with a structure of ITO/SiO2/ITO/Glass/ITO/NiO/ZrO2/Li/WO3/ITO, which is capable of independently regulating solar transmittance (ΔT'sol = 0.31) and IR emissivity (Δɛ2.5–25 µm = 0.42), is fabricated. The multi‐mode smart window incorporating PMs can achieve “bright,” “dark,” “warm,” and “cool” modes, making them suitable for deployment in diverse climate zones. The innovative smart window holds a massive potential for use in reducing building energy consumption.
Liquid Metal‐Based High‐Density Interconnect Technology for Stretchable Printed Circuits
Authors: Wang Bei , Prasad Sonal , Hellman Oskar , Li Hao , Fridberger Anders , Hjort Klas
Published: December 2023

High‐density interconnect (HDI) technology for liquid metal (LM)‐based stretchable printed circuit boards is crucial for expanding their applicability. HDI technology provides high‐resolution multilayer circuits with a high density of components, as required for next generation of neuroprobes and ultrasonic and sensor arrays. This study presents a HDI technique utilizing laser engraved micro grooves in silicone with a protective lift‐off mask of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and subsequent microscale LM particle spray deposition. This approach achieves high‐resolution LM patterns and enables multilayer connectivity and high‐density integration of components simultaneously, that is, realizing HDI technology. It is demonstrated using a stretchable 0201 LED display with a density of six leads per mm2 and a cochlear implant (CI) electrode array. The demonstrated manufacturing of the CI has the potential to enable fully automated printed circuit board manufacturing of such implants with increased precision and throughput. Implants in guinea pigs show that the CI is capable of activating the auditory neuron with electrical auditory brainstem response (eABR) and electrical compound action potential (eCAP) of high quality. Moreover, the U‐shaped cross section of the LM interconnects provides a higher mechanical shock resistance of the circuit than that of normal rectangular cross sections.
Dynamic Thermoregulatory Textiles Woven from Scalable‐Manufactured Radiative Electrochromic Fibers
Authors: Fan Qingchao , Fan Hongwei , Han Haozhi , Bai Zhiyuan , Wu Xilu , Hou Chengyi , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Li Kerui , Wang Hongzhi
Published: December 2023

Textiles can be promising next‐generation wearable thermal management systems by exhibiting tunable infrared emissivity for dual‐mode control of cooling/warming, yet textiles often exhibit constant infrared emission. Herein, a dynamic thermoregulatory textile is woven from scalable‐manufactured radiative electrochromic fibers and is easily driven by a low voltage in a manner that results in a modulated emissivity of Δɛ≈0.35. Through a synergistic combination of the spiral outer electrode and electrochemically tunable carbon nanotube layer, excellent electrochemical controllability of the fibers is achieved over 100‐m length within 5s because of the decreased internal resistance with increasing length. As a result, the thermoregulatory textile suppresses substantial temperature variation and ensures excellent temperature regulation within ≈1.6 °C for simulated skin (much better than that of traditional textiles: ≈2.9 °C) under an ambient temperature fluctuation of 11.2 °C. Finally, wearable infrared camouflage and invisible infrared displays are also demonstrated by weaving or embroidering the radiative electrochromic fibers onto clothing.