bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unstable Hemodynamics is not Always Predictive of Failed Nonoperative Management in Blunt Splenic Injury
Authors: Liao Chien‐An , Kuo Ling‐Wei , Wu Yu‐Tung , Liao Chien‐Hung , Cheng Chi‐Tung , Wang Shang‐Yu , Hsieh Chi‐Hsun , Bajani Francesco , Fu Chih‐Yuan
Published: May 2020

Background

The advanced technology of interventional radiology may contribute to a rapid and timely angioembolization for hemostasis. We hypothesized that unstable hemodynamics is no longer an absolute contraindication of nonoperative management (NOM) in blunt splenic injury patients using rapid angioembolization.

Methods

From January 2009 to December 2019, blunt splenic injury patients with unstable hemodynamics [initial pulse >120 beats/min or systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg] were included. Either emergency surgery or angioembolization was performed for hemostasis because of their unstable status. The characteristics of patients who underwent angioembolization or surgery were compared in each group (all patients, patients with hypotension, patients without response to resuscitation and hypotensive patients without response to resuscitation).

Results

A total of 73 patients were included in the current study. With respect to all patients, 68.5% (N = 50) of patients underwent NOM with angioembolization for hemostasis. Patients who underwent angioembolization for hemostasis had a significantly lower base deficit (5.3 ± 3.8 vs. 8.3 ± 5.2 mmol/L, p = 0.006) and a higher proportion of response to resuscitation (82.0% vs. 30.4%, p < 0.001) than did patients who underwent surgery. However, there was no significant difference in the proportion of hypotension (58.0% vs. 65.2%, p = 0.558) between these two groups. There were 44 patients with hypotension, and the angioembolization could be performed in 65.9% (N = 29) of them. Patients who underwent angioembolization had a significantly higher proportion of response to resuscitation than did patients who underwent surgery (89.7% vs. 33.3%, p < 0.001). In hypotensive patients without response to resuscitation (N = 13), 23.1% (N = 3) of the patients underwent angioembolization successfully. There was no significant difference in time to hemostasis procedure between patients who underwent angioembolization or surgery (24.7 ± 2.1 vs. 26.3 ± 16.7 min, p = 0.769). The demographics, vital signs, blood transfusion amount, injury severity, mortality rate and length of stay of patients who underwent angioembolization were not significantly different from patients who underwent surgery in each group.

Conclusions

With a short preparation time of angioembolization, the NOM could be performed selectively for hemodynamically unstable patients with blunt splenic injury. The base deficit serves as an early detector of the requirement of surgical treatment.
Incorporation of root-derived carbon into soil microarthropods varies between cropping systems
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Scheunemann Nicole , Potapov Anton M. , Shi Lingling , Pausch Johanna , Scheu Stefan , Pollierer Melanie M.
Published: May 2020

As the dynamics and magnitude of rhizodeposition vary considerably among cropping systems, we investigated effects of cropping system on the incorporation of root-derived carbon (C) into Collembola, a dominant taxon of soil microarthropods. In the field, we used13CO2to pulse label a crop monoculture (oilseed rape,Brassica napusL.), a mixed-grass community (dominated byLolium perenneL. mixed with cloverTrifolium repensL.), and a tree plantation (willow,Salix schweriniiE.L. Wolf andSalix viminalisL.). During 28 days, the incorporation of13C was traced in nine species of Collembola including epedaphic (surface-dwelling), hemiedaphic (litter-dwelling), and euedaphic (soil-dwelling) functional groups. Incorporation of13C into Collembola reached a plateau before day 3 after the labeling in grass and willow, but increased up to day 14 in rape. While euedaphic Collembola incorporated less root-derived C than epedaphic and hemiedaphic Collembola in rape and willow, the incorporation of13C was similar among functional groups in grass. Differential incorporation of13C in euedaphic species points to niche differentiation within the same functional group. Our findings highlight that cropping system not only affects the flux of root C into soil mesofauna, being slower in rape than in grass and willow, but also the utilization of root-derived resources by functional groups and species of Collembola. The results indicate that pronounced differences in belowground C inputs between cropping systems affect microbivores as basal species and thereby soil food webs and their functioning and services.
Das Entlassmanagement deutscher Krankenhäuser für kognitiv beeinträchtigte, ältere Menschen – ein Scoping Review
Authors: Schumacher-Schönert F. , Wucherer D. , Nikelski A. , Kreisel S. , Vollmar H. C. , Hoffmann W. , Thyrian J. R.
Published: May 2020

Hintergrund

In deutschen Krankenhäusern sind etwa 40 % aller Patienten über 65 Jahre kognitiv beeinträchtigt. Für diese ist es besonders wichtig, dass die Überleitung in die Häuslichkeit möglichst bruchlos und vollumfänglich bedarfsgerecht organisiert ist.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel der Arbeit ist es, einen systematischen Überblick über Evidenz des Entlassmanagements (EM) bei Menschen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen (MmkB) oder Demenz (MmD) zu geben. Ferner soll geprüft werden, ob sich, darauf aufbauend, die Notwendigkeit eines sektorenübergreifenden Konzeptes ergibt.

Material und Methoden

Anhand eines Scoping Review wurdenn = 102 Publikationen identifiziert, von denenn = 6 in die Analysen eingingen.

Ergebnisse

Der Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die aktuelle Versorgung von MmkB in deutschen Akutkrankenhäusern. Generelle Informationen zum EM im Krankenhaus wurden in 3 der 6 eingeschlossenen Arbeiten gegeben. Informationen zu einem speziellen Entlass- und Versorgungsmanagement für MmkB und MmD waren in 5 von 6 Arbeiten enthalten.

Diskussion

Der Artikel illustriert bestehende Versorgungslücken von älteren MmkB an der Schnittstelle des Entlassmanagements und zeigt die Notwendigkeit neuer Versorgungsmodelle. Inwieweit diese strukturell, prozessual und systemisch in die Regelversorgung eingebettet und finanziert werden können, ist bislang offen und unerforscht.
Neural basis of shame and guilt experience in women with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Göttlich Martin , Westermair Anna Lisa , Beyer Frederike , Bußmann Marie Luise , Schweiger Ulrich , Krämer Ulrike M.
Published: May 2020

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability of affect, emotion dysregulation, and interpersonal dysfunction. Especially shame and guilt, so-called self-conscious emotions, are of central clinical relevance to BPD. However, only few experimental studies have focused on shame or guilt in BPD and none investigated their neurobiological underpinnings. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we took a scenario-based approach to experimentally induce feelings of shame, guilt, and disgust with neutral scenarios as control condition. We included 19 women with BPD (age 26.4 ± 5.8 years; DSM-IV diagnosed; medicated) and 22 healthy female control subjects (age 26.4 ± 4.6 years; matched for age and verbal IQ). Compared to controls, women with BPD reported more intense feelings when being confronted with affective scenarios, especially higher levels of shame, guilt, and fear. We found increased amygdala reactivity in BPD compared to controls for shame and guilt, but not for disgust scenarios (p = 0.05 FWE corrected at the cluster level; p < 0.0001 cluster defining threshold). Exploratory analyses showed that this was caused by a diminished habituation in women with BPD relative to control participants. This effect was specific to guilt and shame scenarios as both groups showed amygdala habituation to disgust scenarios. Our work suggests that heightened shame and guilt experience in BPD is not related to increased amygdala activity per se, but rather to decreased habituation to self-conscious emotions. This provides an explanation for the inconsistencies in previous imaging work on amygdala involvement in BPD as well as the typically slow progress in the psychotherapy of dysfunctional self-conscious emotions in this patient group.
Impact of a board certification system and implementation of clinical practice guidelines for pancreatic cancer on mortality of pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Mizuma Masamichi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Miyata Hiroaki , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Unno Michiaki , Shimosegawa Tooru , Toh Yasushi , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Seto Yasuyuki
Published: May 2020

Purposes

The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of a board certification system and the implementation of clinical practice guidelines for pancreatic cancer (PC) on the mortality of pancreaticoduodenectomy in Japan.

Methods

By a web questionnaire survey via the National Clinical Database (NCD) for departments participating in the NCD, quality indicators (QIs) related to the treatment for PC, namely the board certification systems of various societies and the adherence to clinical practice guidelines for PC, were investigated between October 2014 and January 2015. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the QIs and mortality of pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Results

Of 1415 departments that registered at least 1 pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2013 and 2014 in NCD, 631 departments (44.6%), which performed pancreaticoduodenectomy for a total of 11,684 cases, answered the questionnaire. The mortality of pancreaticoduodenectomy was positively affected by the board certification systems of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery, Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, and Japanese Society of Medical Oncology as well as by institutions that used magnetic resonance imaging of ≥ 3 T for the diagnosis of PC in principle.

Conclusions

The measurement of the appropriate QIs is suggested to help improve the mortality in pancreaticoduodenectomy. Masamichi Mizuma and Hiroyuki Yamamoto equally contributed
Tracing the colonization process of non-native gobies into a large river: the relevance of different dispersal modes
Authors: Nogueira Tavares C. , Brauns M. , Hille S. , Krenek S. , Borcherding J. , Weitere M.
Published: May 2020

Ponto-Caspian gobies have invaded many river systems in the northern hemisphere, but their colonization patterns often remain unrecognized at the early stages of invasion. Here, we analyzed the ongoing invasion of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) in the Elbe River (Germany) by combining literature research with electrofishing and environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling. Along the surveyed 517 km, abundances peaked in the upper and lower sections, while low or no goby abundances were detected in the middle section. Combining the results of the field survey and literature data, we inferred four dispersal modes, jointly appearing during the colonization. (1) Human mediated transport, which was responsible for the initial colonization of the tidal Elbe and for a jumpy expansion to the upstream sections. (2) Fast downstream colonization, which was particularly observed for juvenile individuals. (3) Slow upstream migration, which was also recorded for another goby species, the bighead goby Ponticola kessleri (Günther, 1861) and (4) Lateral invasion via a major shipping canal in the middle river section. The eDNA analyses generally supported these conclusions and showed a high sensitivity and thus increased detection strength at low goby densities. Our study showed that the location of the first occurrence, as well as the dispersal mode, strongly determines the invasion process of non-native gobies.
Neotectonic Activity Using Geomorphological Features in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Sissakian Varoujan K. , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Abdullah Lanja H.
Published: May 2020

Iraqi Kurdistan Region is located in the northeastern part of the Arabian Plate which is colliding with the Eurasian (Iranian) Plate and is located within the Zagros Foreland Basin. This collision, which is still active with convergent type of tectonic boundary, has caused deformation of the rocks in the Zagros Foreland Basin with different intensities. The deformation intensity decreases southwest wards since the exerted stresses from the collision is in a NE–SW direction. Depending on the deformation intensity and many other factors, the tectonic framework of the region which is part of the main tectonic frame of Iraq is divided into three main tectonic units among them only two units are within Kurdistan Region. The two zones are from NE–SW direction: (1) Shalair Terrane, and (2) Outer Platform. In the current study, evidences about Neotectonic activities are presented from different parts of Kurdistan Region depending on different geomorphological and structural features. Among those features are: abnormal trends of valleys, dislocated and dissected alluvial fans, regional lineaments, water and wind gaps, faulted rocks of Pliocene–Pleistocene age, active faults. The Neotectonic evidences were recognized using satellite images and the existing Neotectonic data, and validated in the field.
Residual stress relaxation in HFMI-treated fillet welds after single overload peaks
Authors: Schubnell Jan , Carl Eva , Farajian Majid , Gkatzogiannis Stefanos , Knödel Peter , Ummenhofer Thomas , Wimpory Robert , Eslami Hamdollah
Published: May 2020

The induction of near-surface compressive residual stress is an important factor for fatigue life improvement of HFMI-treated welded joints. However, the relaxation of these beneficial residual stresses under single overload peaks under variable amplitude and service loads may significantly reduce fatigue life improvement. For this reason, several recommendations exist to limit the maximum applied load stress for this kind of post-treated welded joints. In this work, the effect of single tension and compression overloads on the relaxation behavior of HFMI-induced residual stresses was studied experimentally by means of X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques complemented by numerical simulation at transverse stiffeners made of mild S355J2 steel and high strength S960QL steel. Loads were applied close to the real yield strength of the base material. Significantly different relaxation behavior was observed for S355J2 and S960QL steel. Furthermore, high compression loads lead to full residual stress relaxation at the weld toe of S960QL and moderate relaxation for S355J2. High tension loads lead only to slight relaxation.
Methacrylation increase growth and differentiation of primary human osteoblasts for gelatin hydrogels
Authors: Sukul Mousumi , Cama Giuseppe , Dubruel Peter , Reseland Janne Elin , Haugen Håvard J.
Published: May 2020

The role of gelatin methacrylate hydrogels with varying degrees of methacrylation (69% and 84%) was accessed with FTIR, NMR, microCT, and subsequent exposure to human osteoblasts. The cells responded positively to the degree of methacrylation and showed attachment, growth, and proliferated on both hydrogels. The cell reacted differently to the degree of methacrylation with higher proliferation on higher substitution; however, cell differentiation behavior was improved for less substitution. The secretion of late osteogenic markers (osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN)) and angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was increased for gelatin methacrylate hydrogels with 69% degree of methacrylation and thus would be the better candidate for future bone regenerative applications amongst the three tested hydrogels.
Discovering Evolving Temporal Information: Theory and Application to Clinical Databases
Authors: Sala Pietro , Combi Carlo , Mantovani Matteo , Rizzi Romeo
Published: May 2020

Functional dependencies (s) allow us to represent database constraints, corresponding to requirements as “patients having the same symptoms undergo the same medical tests.” Some research efforts have focused on extending such dependencies to consider also temporal constraints such as “patients having the same symptoms undergo in the next period the same medical tests.” Temporal functional dependencies are able to represent such kind of temporal constraints in relational databases. Another extension for s allows one to represent approximate functional dependencies (s), as “patients with the same symptomsgenerallyundergo the same medical tests.” It enables data to deviate from the defined constraints according to a user-defined percentage. Approximate temporal functional dependencies (s) merge the concepts of temporal functional dependency and of approximate functional dependency. Among the different kinds of , the Approximate Pure Temporally Evolving Functional Dependencies ($$\textit{APE}$$APE-FDs for short) allow one to detect patterns on the evolution of data in the database and to discover dependencies as “For most patients with the same initial diagnosis, the same medical test is prescribed after the occurrence of same symptom.” Mining s from large databases may be computationally expensive. In this paper, we focus on $$\textit{APE}$$APE-FDs and prove that, unfortunately, verifying a single $$\textit{APE}$$APE-FD over a given database instance is in general NP-complete. In order to cope with this problem, we propose a framework for mining complex $$\textit{APE}$$APE-FDs in real-world data collections. In the framework, we designed and applied sound and advanced model-checking techniques. To prove the feasibility of our proposal, we used real-world databases from two medical domains (namely, psychiatry and pharmacovigilance) and tested the running prototype we developed on such databases.
Imaginary economies: the case of the 3D printer
Authors: Schröter Jens
Published: May 2020

In the call for the special issue for the EAEPE Journal, we can find the word “scenario.” The question is if the authors can imagine scenarios in which “potential strategies for the appropriation of existing capitalist infrastructures […] in order to provoke the emergence of post-capitalist infrastructures” can be described. Obviously, the call verges on the border of science fiction—and this is not a bad thing. Diverse strands of media studies and science and technology studies have shown (e.g., Schröter 2004; Kirby 2010; Jasanoff and Kim 2015; McNeil et al. 2017) that not only the development of science and (media) technology is deeply interwoven in social imaginaries about possible outcomes and their implicated futures, but there is a whole theoretical tradition in which societies as such are fundamentally constituted by imaginary relations (Castoriadis 1975/2005). But in all these discussions, one notion very seldom appears: that of an “imaginary economy,” meaning a collectively held system of more or less vague or detailed ideas, what an economy is, how it works, and how it should be (especially in the future; but see the somewhat different usage recently in Fabbri 2018). The aim of the paper is to outline a notion of “imaginary economy” and its necessary functions in the stabilization of a given economy, but even more so in the transformation to another economy—how should a transformation take place if there’s not at least a vague image where to go? Of course, we could also imagine a blind evolutionary process without any imaginary process but that seems not to be the way in which human societies—and economies—work. Obviously a gigantic research field opens up—so in the proposed paper, only one type of “imaginary economy” can be analyzed: It is the field that formed recently around the proposed usages and functions of 3D printing. In publications as diverse as Eversmann (2014) and Rifkin (2014), the 3D printer operates as a technology that seems to open up a post-capitalist future—and thereby it is directly connected to the highly imaginary “replicator” fromStar Trek. In these scenarios, a localized omnipotent production—a post-scarcity scenario (see Panayotakis 2011)—overcomes by itself capitalism: But symptomatically enough, questions of work, environment, and planetary computation are (mostly) absent from these scenarios. Who owns the templates for producing goods with 3D printers? What about the energy supply? In a critical and symptomatic reading, this imaginary economy, very present in a plethora of discourses nowadays, is deconstructed and possible implications for a post-capitalist construction are discussed.
Equilibrium and -efficient fertility with increasing returns to population and endogenous mortality
Authors: Tamura Robert , Cuberes David
Published: May 2020

A general equilibrium model that characterizes the gap between optimal and equilibrium fertility and investment in human capital is developed. The aggregate production function exhibits increasing returns to population arising from specialization, but households face a quantity–quality trade-off when choosing their fertility and how much education these children receive. We show that equilibrium fertility is too low and investment per child is too high, in contrast to a current planner who internalizes the externality of current fertility on the next generation's productivity. We next introduce mortality of young adults in the model and assume that households have a precautionary demand for children. Human capital investment lowers next generation mortality. This model endogenously generates a demographic transition but, since households do not internalize the negative effects of human capital on mortality, the equilibrium demographic transition takes place many years later than the efficient solution. We show that ${\rm {\cal A}}$-efficient fertility and human capital investment pair can switch; in high-mortality regimes, ${\rm {\cal A}}$-efficient fertility is lower than equilibrium fertility, and ${\rm {\cal A}}$-efficient human capital investment is higher than equilibrium investment. In the zero mortality regime, however, ${\rm {\cal A}}$-efficient fertility exceeds equilibrium fertility, and ${\rm {\cal A}}$-efficient human capital investment is lower than the equilibrium choice.
Peridynamic Analysis of Cracked Beam Under Impact
Authors: Akbari M. J. , Kazemi S. R.
Published: May 2020

Specific conditions at the tip of a crack and discontinuities in a material are the challenges in analyzing the growth of cracks using conventional methods. In recent years, a method has been developed based on the non-local mechanics, called peridynamic theory, which has improved the analysis process of such structures. In this theory, the points of matter whose displacement or displacement derivatives are discontinuous are not distinguished from other material points. In this paper, we employed the bond-based peridynamic theory to investigate the rate of crack propagation and the path of crack growth in a beam with an initial crack due to low velocity impact. Two beams made of polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) and steel alloy with different projectile shapes were considered. The effects of changes in the impact velocity and the fracture toughness were studied and the obtained results were validated with other conducted studies. The crack path was predicted successfully and the branching of the crack was captured. The results confirm the ability of the peridynamic theory to model the crack growth in impact problems.
Removing Non-Uniqueness in Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method for Elastostatic Neumann Problems and its Application to Half-Space Problems
Authors: Ko Y. -Y.
Published: May 2020

When the Symmetric Galerkin boundary element method (SGBEM) based on full-space elastostatic fundamental solutions is used to solve Neumann problems, the displacement solution cannot be uniquely determined because of the inevitable rigid-body-motion terms involved. Several methods that have been used to remove the non-uniqueness, including additional point support, eigen decomposition, regularization of a singular system and modified boundary integral equations, were introduced to amend SGBEM, and were verified to eliminate the rigid body motions in the solutions of full-space exterior Neumann problems. Because half-space problems are common in geotechnical engineering practice and they are usually Neumann problems, typical half-space problems were also analyzed using the amended SGBEM with a truncated free surface mesh. However, various levels of errors showed for all the methods of removing non-uniqueness investigated. Among them, the modified boundary integral equations based on the Fredholm’s theory is relatively preferable for its accurate results inside and near the loaded area, especially where the deformation varies significantly.
The polarization dynamics of electoral reforms
Authors: Peskowitz Zachary , Szewczyk James
Published: May 2020

Electoral reforms affect legislative outcomes by influencing incumbent legislators’ behavior, new entrants’ behavior, and the probability that incumbents are replaced with new entrants. Empirical work on electoral reforms and polarization has focused on new entrants’ behavior. We employ a simple decision theoretic framework with partial incumbent policy persistence and spatial voting to examine the three channels jointly. We show that a reform designed to encourage ideological moderation produces larger effects on polarization when the reform is implemented than when it is removed. The key insight is that implementing a moderation-inducing reform generates a set of challengers who are more likely to defeat incumbents while the incumbents are more likely to win reelection when the reform is removed. We then empirically examine how elections and legislative polarization respond to unlimited PAC contributions in state legislatures. Examining incumbents’ decisions to stand for reelection, the electoral performance of incumbents who do run, and partisan polarization, we find empirical support for our predictions.
Dietary fibre intake and its association with inflammatory markers in adolescents
Authors: Swann Olivia G. , Breslin Monique , Kilpatrick Michelle , O’Sullivan Therese A. , Mori Trevor A. , Beilin Lawrence J. , Oddy Wendy H.
Published: May 2020

A high dietary fibre intake has been associated with improvements in inflammatory conditions in adults. However, little is known on whether associations between dietary fibre and inflammation are evident during adolescence. We examined the relationship between dietary fibre intake measured by FFQ and the inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the adipokines leptin and adiponectin cross-sectionally in 17-year-olds participating in the Raine Study (n621). In weighted analysis using tobit and linear regression, and after excluding participants with hs-CRP > 10 mg/l, higher total dietary fibre intake (per 5 g/d) was significantly associated with lower leptin (β= –0·13, 95 % CI –0·17, –0·09) and adiponectin (β= –0·28, 95 % CI –0·49, –0·07), but not hs-CRP, in unadjusted analyses. These associations were no longer significant after adjustment for sex, anthropometry and a number of lifestyle factors. However, higher cereal and grain fibre intake was significantly associated with lower leptin (β= –0·06, 95 % CI –0·10, –0·01) in fully adjusted analysis. Our findings suggest that a higher intake of cereal and grain fibre may contribute to lower leptin in adolescents. This may contribute to reductions in low-grade chronic inflammation and improved health outcomes.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and the association with overweight, obesity, and weight change among individuals exposed to the World Trade Center disaster, 2003–2016
Authors: Takemoto Erin , Van Oss Katherine R. , Chamany Shadi , Brite Jennifer , Brackbill Robert
Published: May 2020

Background

Among Veterans, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to be associated with obesity and accelerated weight gain. Less is known among the general population. We sought to determine the impact of PTSD on body mass index (BMI) and weight change among individuals with exposure to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster.

Methods

We examined individuals from the WTC Health Registry. PTSD symptoms were assessed on multiple surveys (Waves 1–4) using the PTSD Checklist-Specific. Three categories of post-9/11 PTSD were derived: no, intermittent, and persistent. We examined two outcomes: (1) Wave 3 BMI (normal, overweight, and obese) and (2) weight change between Waves 3 and 4. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between PTSD and BMI (N = 34 958) and generalized estimating equations to assess the impact of PTSD on weight change (N = 26 532). Sex- and age-stratified analyses were adjusted for a priori confounders.

Results

At Wave 3, the observed prevalence of obesity was highest among the persistent (39.5%) and intermittent PTSD (36.6%) groups, compared to the no PTSD group (29.3%). In adjusted models, persistent and intermittent PTSD were consistently associated with a higher odds of obesity. Weight gain was similar across all groups, but those with persistent and intermittent PTSD had higher estimated group-specific mean weights across time.

Conclusions

Our findings that those with a history of PTSD post-9/11 were more likely to have obesity is consistent with existing literature. These findings reaffirm the need for an interdisciplinary focus on physical and mental health to improve health outcomes.
Effect of the NMDA receptor partial agonist, d-cycloserine, on emotional processing and autobiographical memory
Authors: Chen Runsen , Capitão Liliana P. , Cowen Philip J. , Harmer Catherine J.
Published: May 2020

Background

Studies suggest that d-cycloserine (DCS) may have antidepressant potential through its interaction with the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; however, clinical evidence of DCS's efficacy as a treatment for depression is limited. Other evidence suggests that DCS affects emotional learning which may also be relevant for the treatment of depression and anxiety. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the effect of DCS on emotional processing in healthy volunteers and to further characterise its effects on emotional and autobiographical memory.

Methods

Forty healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to a single dose of 250 mg DCS or placebo in a double-blind design. Three hours later, participants performed an Emotional Test Battery [including Facial Expression Recognition Task (FERT), Emotional Categorisation Task (ECAT), Emotional Recall Task (EREC), Facial Dot-Probe Task (FDOT) and Emotional Recognition Memory Task (EMEM)] and an Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT). Also, participants performed the FERT, EREC and AMT tasks again after 24 h in order to assess longer lasting effects of a single dose of DCS.

Results

DCS did not significantly affect the FERT, EMEM and FDOT performance but significantly increased emotional memory and classification for positive wordsv.negative words. Also, DCS enhanced the retrieval of more specific autobiographical memories, and this effect persisted at 24 h.

Conclusions

These findings support the suggestion that low-dose DCS increases specific autobiographical memory retrieval and positive emotional memory. Such effects make it an intriguing agent for further investigation in clinical depression, which is characterised by decreased autobiographical memory specificity and increased negative bias in memory recall. It also underscores the potential role of DCS as an adjunct to cognitive behavioural therapy in depression.
Inhabitants of heritage: the dwellers of an Italian Renaissance palace and their problematic eviction in Ferrara, 1900–1940
Authors: Nani Michele
Published: May 2020

This article examines the eviction of tenants and squatters from a Renaissance palace in Ferrara, purchased by the Italian state in 1920. The case stands at the crossroads of three processes in European history between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: the social and material ‘decadence’ of aristocratic residences, the birth of ‘national heritage’ and preservation policies and the explosion of the ‘housing problem’, following changes in urban demography and social structure. Considering a large range of sources, the article offers new insight into the conflict between different urban bureaucracies and inside them. It also explores the different forms of agency of working-class dwellers against the background of troubled post-war years followed by the advent of fascism.
Registry-based trials: a potential model for cost savings?
Authors: Anderson Brett R. , Gotlieb Evelyn G. , Hill Kevin , McHugh Kimberly E. , Scheurer Mark A. , Mery Carlos M. , Pelletier Glenn J. , Kaltman Jonathan R. , White Owen J. , Trachtenberg Felicia L. , Hollenbeck-Pringle Danielle , McCrindle Brian W. , Sylvester Donna M. , Eckhauser Aaron W. , Pasquali Sara K. , Anderson Jeffery B. , Schamberger Marcus S. , Shashidharan Subhadra , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Jacobs Marshall L. , Boskovski Marko , Newburger Jane W. , Nathan Meena
Published: May 2020

Background/Aims:

Registry-based trials have emerged as a potentially cost-saving study methodology. Early estimates of cost savings, however, conflated the benefits associated with registry utilisation and those associated with other aspects of pragmatic trial designs, which might not all be as broadly applicable. In this study, we sought to build a practical tool that investigators could use across disciplines to estimate the ranges of potential cost differences associated with implementing registry-based trials versus standard clinical trials.

Methods:

We built simulation Markov models to compare unique costs associated with data acquisition, cleaning, and linkage under a registry-based trial design versus a standard clinical trial. We conducted one-way, two-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, varying study characteristics over broad ranges, to determine thresholds at which investigators might optimally select each trial design.

Results:

Registry-based trials were more cost effective than standard clinical trials 98.6% of the time. Data-related cost savings ranged from $4300 to $600,000 with variation in study characteristics. Cost differences were most reactive to the number of patients in a study, the number of data elements per patient available in a registry, and the speed with which research coordinators could manually abstract data. Registry incorporation resulted in cost savings when as few as 3768 independent data elements were available and when manual data abstraction took as little as 3.4 seconds per data field.

Conclusions:

Registries offer important resources for investigators. When available, their broad incorporation may help the scientific community reduce the costs of clinical investigation. We offer here a practical tool for investigators to assess potential costs savings.
Educational differences in healthy, environmentally sustainable and safe food consumption among adults in the Netherlands
Authors: van Bussel Lenneke M , van Rossum Caroline TM , Temme Elisabeth HM , Boon Polly E , Ocké Marga C
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To assess the differences in healthy, environmentally sustainable and safe food consumption by education levels among adults aged 19–69 in the Netherlands.

Design:

This study used data from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007–10. Food consumption data were obtained via two 24-h recalls. Food consumption data were linked to data on food composition, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) and concentrations of contaminants. The Dutch dietary guidelines (2015), dietary GHGe and dietary exposure to contaminants were used as indicators for healthy, environmentally sustainable and safe food consumption, respectively.

Setting:

The Netherlands.

Participants:

2106 adults aged 19–69 years.

Results:

High education groups consumed significantly more fruit (+28 g), vegetables (men +22 g; women +27 g) and fish (men +6 g; women +7 g), and significantly less meat (men –33 g; women –14 g) compared with low education groups. Overall, no educational differences were found in total GHGe, although its food sources differed. Exposure to contaminants showed some differences between education groups.

Conclusions:

The consumption patterns differed by education groups, resulting in a more healthy diet, but equally environmentally sustainable diet among high compared with low education groups. Exposure to food contaminants differed between education groups, but was not above safe levels, except for acrylamide and aflatoxin B1. For these substances, a health risk could not be excluded for all education groups. These insights may be used in policy measures focusing on the improvement of a healthy diet for all.
GROUP ALGEBRAS WHOSE UNIT GROUP IS LOCALLY NILPOTENT
Authors: BOVDI V.
Published: May 2020

We present a complete list of groups$G$and fields$F$for which: (i) the group of normalized units$V(FG)$of the group algebra$FG$is locally nilpotent; (ii) the set of nontrivial nilpotent elements of$FG$is finite and nonempty, and$V(FG)$is an Engel group.
Geschlechtsspezifische Erwartungseffekte in Mathematik
Authors: Muntoni Francesca , Dunekacke Simone , Heinze Aiso , Retelsdorf Jan
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung. Erwartungen von Lehrkräften werden als wichtiger Faktor für die Leistungsentwicklung von Schülerinnen und Schülern gesehen. Offen ist bisher, inwiefern Merkmale der Lehrkräfte deren Erwartungen beeinflussen. Ein wesentliches Merkmal von Lehrkräften ist ihr Professionswissen. Basierend auf einer Stichprobe von 796 Grundschulkindern und ihren 50 Lehrkräften untersuchte die vorliegende Studie die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Geschlecht von Grundschulkindern, den mathematikbezogenen Leistungserwartungen von Lehrkräften, dem Professionswissen von Lehrkräften und der Mathematikleistung von Grundschulkindern. Im Fokus stand die Frage, ob das Professionswissen von Lehrkräften mit den geschlechtsspezifischen Erwartungseffekten zusammenhängt. Mehrebenenanalysen zeigten einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen den Erwartungen der Lehrkräfte und der Mathematikleistung der Grundschulkinder. Darüber hinaus hatten die Lehrkräfte bei der Mathematikleistung höhere Erwartungen an die Jungen als an die Mädchen. Zudem erklärten die höheren Leistungserwartungen an die Jungen die Leistungsunterschiede zwischen Jungen und Mädchen. Es konnte kein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Professionswissen und den geschlechtsspezifischen Erwartungseffekten gefunden werden. Mögliche Ansätze zur Minimierung von Erwartungseffekten werden diskutiert.
MMS Observations of Intense Whistler Waves Within Earth's Supercritical Bow Shock: Source Mechanism and Impact on Shock Structure and Plasma Transport
Authors: Hull A. J. , Muschietti L. , Le Contel O. , Dorelli J. C. , Lindqvist P.‐A.
Published: May 2020

The properties of whistler waves near lower‐hybrid frequencies within Earth's quasi‐perpendicular bow shock are examined using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. These waves appear as right‐hand polarized wave packets propagating upstream obliquely to the magnetic field and shock normal with phase speeds from a few hundred up to 1,600 km/s. The wavelengths are near the ion inertial length scale (λ∼  0.3–1.3 λi). Detailed analysis finds characteristics consistent with the modified two‐stream instability mechanism driven by the reflected ion and electron drift. Correlations between wave and electron anisotropy variations reveal that the whistlers are affecting electron dynamics and thus their perpendicular and parallel temperatures. The electron signatures are explainable via the interaction of magnetized electrons in the whistler induced nonmonotonic magnetic fields. These waves have intense magnetic fields (δB/B∘∼ 0.1–1) and carry sizable currents that are a significant fraction of the thermal current (|J/Jvte|∼  0.1–0.5). The whistler‐induced currents and the electron anisotropies are sufficiently large to respectively excite high‐frequency (HF) electrostatic (>100 Hz) and HF whistler waves (f∼ 0.1–0.5 fce). Energy dissipation J·E from whistlers at 30 Hz and below range from a few thousandths to few hundredths of μW/m3. Comparisons reveal that plasma energy is converted to wave energy in the foot, whereas wave energy gets dissipated into the plasma in the ramp, where irreversible heating occurs. These observed features are indicative of an intricate coupling between small‐scale interaction processes and larger‐scale structure transpiring within the layer. Such a characterization is only made possible now with the MMS high‐time‐resolution measurements.
Plasma Cavity Formation During Ionospheric Heating at Arecibo
Authors: Levine Edlyn V. , Bernhardt Paul A. , Sulzer Michael P. , Sultan Peter J. , Henderson Brian S. , Nossa Eliana , Briczinski Stanley C. , Perillat Phil
Published: May 2020

The formation of an anomalous, high‐altitude plasma cavity was observed during the 11–15 June 2019 ionospheric heating campaign at Arecibo Observatory. The cavity was induced by interactions of the transmitted 5.125‐MHz heater wave with the ionospheric plasma. Simultaneous ion line and plasma line measurements were taken by the Arecibo Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR). We used a novel experimental technique, enabling rapid pulsing of the heater, to collect ISR spectral data of the heated ionosphere without high frequency (HF)‐induced enhanced ion line (HFIL), simplifying the analysis. ISR data were analyzed using Tikhonov regularization, revealing that the cavity was confined to a very narrow altitude range around 350 km and constituted a deep depletion of the electron density, along with strong electron temperature enhancement, and ion temperature enhancement. We report on the details of these observations, and the possibility for unique combinations of physical interactions to explain the underlying mechanisms.
The cellular function of SCAP in metabolic signaling
Authors: Lee Sun Hee , Lee Jae-Ho , Im Seung-Soon
Published: May 2020

Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage activating protein (SCAP) is a key regulator of SREBP maturation. SCAP induces translocation of SREBP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, allowing it to regulate cellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Previous studies have shown that suppression of SREBP activation in SCAP conditional knockout mice reduced the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides, which eventually causes the development of metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. However, despite the significance of SCAP as a regulator of SREBP, its function has not been thoroughly discussed. In this review, we have summarized the function of SCAP and its regulatory proteins. Furthermore, we discuss recent studies regarding SCAP as a possible therapeutic target for hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia.
Irradiation induces cancer lung metastasis through activation of the cGAS–STING–CCL5 pathway in mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan , Jia Shanfen , Shao Changshun , Shi Yufang
Published: May 2020

Emerging evidence indicates that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have an important role in cancer metastasis. Although tumor microenvironment, which includes MSCs and immune cells, can be altered by ionizing radiation (IR), whether irradiation can promote metastasis through MSCs remains unclear. Using the lung colonization model of transplanted 4T1 breast cancer cells, we found an increased lung metastasis in mice exposed to ionizing radiation, even when the thorax was shielded during whole-body irradiation. This radiation-induced lung metastasis can be replicated using irradiated MSCs. cGAS–STING signaling pathway was found to be activated in MSCs, accompanied by upregulation of type I interferon-related genes, including chemokine CCL5. Disruption of cGAS–STING signaling in MSCs abolished their pro-metastatic effect. Deletion of CCL5 in MSCs also abrogated the pro-metastatic effect endowed by IR. Furthermore, we showed that the lung pro-metastatic effect of irradiated MSCs required the presence of macrophages. Our results indicate that radiation-induced alterations in distant mesenchymal stromal cells facilitate cancer metastasis.
LGR5+ epithelial tumor stem-like cells generate a 3D-organoid model for ameloblastoma
Authors: Chang Ting-Han , Shanti Rabie M. , Liang Yanfang , Zeng Jincheng , Shi Shihong , Alawi Faizan , Carrasco Lee , Zhang Qunzhou , Le Anh D.
Published: May 2020

Ameloblastoma (AM) is a benign but locally aggressive tumor with high recurrences. Currently, underlying pathophysiology remains elusive, and radical surgery remains the most definitive treatment with severe morbidities. We have recently reported that AM harbors a subpopulation of tumor epithelial stem-like cells (AM-EpiSCs). Herein, we explored whether LGR5+epithelial cells in AM possess stem-like cell properties and their potential contribution to pathogenesis and recurrence of AM. We found that LGR5 and stem cell-related genes were co-expressed in a subpopulation of AM epithelial cells both in vivo and in vitro, which were enriched under 3D-spheroid culture. As compared to LGR5−counterparts, LGR5+AM epithelial cells showed increased expression of various EMT- and stemness-related genes, and functionally, exhibited increased capacity to form 3D-spheroids and generate human tumor 3D organoids, which recapitulated the histopathologic features of distinct subtypes of solid AM, thus, contributing a useful human tumor platform for targeted therapeutic screening. Treatment with a selective BRAFV600Einhibitor, vemurafenib, unexpectedly enriched the subpopulation of LGR5+AM-EpiSCs in tumor 3D organoids, which may have explained therapeutic resistances and recurrences. These findings suggest that LGR5+AM-EpiSCs play a pivotal role in pathogenesis and progression of AM and targeted inhibition of both BRAF and LGR5 potentially serves a novel nonsurgical adjuvant therapeutic approach for this aggressively benign jaw tumor.
A pentaploid-based linkage map of the ancestral octoploid strawberry Fragaria virginiana reveals instances of sporadic hyper-recombination
Authors: Davis Thomas M. , Yang Yilong , Mahoney Lise L. , Frailey Daniel C.
Published: May 2020

The first high-resolution genetic linkage map of the ancestral octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) strawberry species,Fragaria virginiana, was constructed using segregation data obtained from a pentaploid progeny population. This novel mapping population of size 178 was generated by crossing highly heterozygousF. virginianahybrid “LB48” as a paternal parent with diploid (2n = 2x = 14)Fragaria vesca“Hawaii 4”. The LB48 linkage map comprises 6055 markers genotyped on the Axiom® IStraw90 strawberry SNP array. The map consists of 28 linkage groups (LGs) organized into seven homoeology groups of four LGs each, and excludes a small 29th LG of undefined homoeology. One member of each homoeology group was assignable to an “A” subgenome associated with ancestral diploidFragaria vesca, while no other subgenomes were defined. Despite an intriguing discrepancy within homoeology group VI, synteny comparisons with the previously publishedFragaria ×ananassaDA × MO linkage map revealed substantial agreement. Following initial map construction, examination of crossover distributions revealed that six of the total 5162 (=29 chromosomes/individual × 178 individuals) chromosomes making up the data set exhibited abnormally high crossover counts, ranging from 15 to 48 crossovers per chromosome, as compared with the overall mean of 0.66 crossovers per chromosome. Each of these six hyper-recombinant (HypR) chromosomes occurred in a different LG and in a different individual. When calculated upon exclusion of the six HypR chromosomes, the canonical (i.e., broadly representative) LB48 map had 1851 loci distributed over a total map length of 1873 cM, while their inclusion increased the number of loci by 130, and the overall map length by 91 cM. Discovery of these hyper-recombinant chromosomes points to the existence of a sporadically acting mechanism that, if identified and manipulable, could be usefully harnessed for multiple purposes by geneticists and breeders.