bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aetiology and Short-term Outcome of Altered Level of Consciousness among Patients in Medicine Department of a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Sarker Partha Sarathi , Rahman Md Saidur , Biswas Palash Kumar , Chowdhury Md Monjurul Kader , Chowdhury Md Muntasir Islam , Karmaker Madhabi , Azad Khan Abul Kalam
Published: August 2017

Background: Altered level of consciousness is a very common medical emergency resulting in considerable mortality & morbidity. Accurate diagnosis & prompt management can reduce the complications to a great extent. There are various aetiologies of impaired consciousness including infective & metabolic causes as well as cerebrovascular accidents. This study described clinical outcomes of the patients relating to specific aetiologies of the illness.Objectives: To explore the common aetiologies of altered consciousness & to determine the clinical outcomes of the patients after one month in a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh.Methods: This hospital based prospective observational study was conducted in Medicine department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) from December 2013 to May 2014. Sample size was 100 & the data was collected by structured questionnaire. Purposive sampling method was applied using inclusion & exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis of the result was obtained by using SPSS-16.Results: The mean age of the study patients was found 48.7 years with range from 19-92 years. Majority (58%) of the patients were male. Stroke was identified as the commonest (39%) aetiology of impaired consciousness followed by meningo-encephalitis (19%), septicemia (10%) & poisoning (10%). Among metabolic encephalopathy diabetic ketoacidosis was 3%, hypoglycemia 1% and hepatic, uremic & hypertensive encephalopathy was 3%, 4% & 1% respectively. Overall death rate was higher among patients with stroke (26%), ICSOL (50%), ADEM (50%) than those with meningoencephalitis (5.3%), septicemia (20%) & poisoning (10%).Conclusion: Infective & metabolic causes of impaired consciousness showed better outcome than structural & vascular aetiologies of brain.J MEDICINE July 2017; 18 (2) : 80-85
Pattern of Hematological Manifestations in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Attending in a Tertiary Care Hospita
Authors: Sufian Abul Bashar Mohammad Abu , Kashem MA , Biswas Sarmistha
Published: August 2017

Background: Hematological manifestations are not uncommon with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Some of them are life-threatening, warranting prompt action, while others need special consideration. This study aimed at pattern of hematological manifestations in patients with SLE.Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study included patients who were diagnosed and treated as SLE at Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Detailed history and physical examinations were performed in every patient. SLE was diagnosed as per ACR criteria. Necessary investigations were carried out. Hematological manifestations were scrutinized and statistically analyzed.Results: A total of 89 patients (97.8% females, mean age 24.86 ±5.88 years) were studied. Hematological manifestations were present in 77 (85.4%) patients at the time of diagnosis. Among them anemia was most frequent in 77.5% patients followed by neutropenia (19.1%), lymphopenia (17.9%), thrombocytopenia (17.9%), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in 10.1% and pancytopenia in 5.6% patients. Normocytic normochromic anemia (NNA) was the most common peripheral blood film (PBF) findings found in 31 (34.8%) of the patient, followed by microcytic hypochromic anemia (MHA) (32.6%).Conclusion: Hematological manifestations are frequently encountered in SLE. A sound conception about the relative frequency of hematological manifestations associated with systemic lupus erythematosus will help the clinician to take necessary measures for the wellbeing of the patient.J MEDICINE July 2017; 18 (2) : 86-91
Central Nervous System Manifestations in Diabetes Mellitus - A Review
Authors: Acherjya Goutam Kumar , Uddin Md Moslem , Chowdhury MA Jalil , Srinivasan AV
Published: August 2017

The impact of diabetes mellitus on the CNS (Central Nervous System) has gained attention only recently. Peripheral neuropathy has been the primary neuroscience focus of diabetes research. Contrary to some early impressions, however, the CNS is not spared by diabetes. Chronically, diabetes mellitus affects the CNS in several ways. Diabetes increases stroke risk and damage, overtreatment with insulin or oral agents can permanently damage the brain, and diabetes may increase the prevalence of seizure disorders. Diabetes changes brain transport, blood flow and metabolism, and may produce a chronic encephalopathy. Acutely, glycemic extremes cause coma, seizures, focal neurolclgical deficits, and impaired consciousness. The pathophysiological basis for these marked CNS abnormalities seen in hypoglycemia, hyperosmolar coma, and ketoacidosis are largely unknown.Methods: This review was based on a search of Pubmed, the NCBI Database of systemic Reviews, and citation lists of relevant publications. Subject heading and key words used central nervous system, diabetes mellitus, stroke, encephalopathy and hypoglycaemia. Only articles in English were included.J MEDICINE July 2017; 18 (2) : 109-112
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: A Chronic Rare Acquired Hemolytic Anemia in a Middle-aged Female with Thrombotic Complications and Multi-system Involvement
Authors: Kabir Md Asadul , Bari Md Anwarul , Bodruddoza Kazi , Saha Asim Kumer , Ala Sayik Bin
Published: August 2017

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired coombs negative hemolytic anemia, the hallmark of which is chronic intravascular hemolysis, thrombophilia and their sequelae owing to the deficiency of several surface proteins on blood cell membranes. In this case a middle-aged female presents with severe anemia requiring repeated blood transfusion and recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). She had been hospitalized in multiple occasions in multiple centers without any satisfactory diagnosis. The constant laboratory features were that of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and a negative coombs test; although reticulocyte count had not been elevated. Lastly Blood flow cytometry revealed PNH clones. Although excellent improvement of the clinical features of PNH can be achieved by treatment with Eculizumab, we could not offer that to our patient due to its unavailability in Bangladesh. She was discharged with advice for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) after her symptoms improved with symptomatic management. High degree of suspicion and appropriate application of clinical knowledge is necessary to make such a diagnosis early in the disease process, for prompt initiation of treatment and thus minimizing complications.J MEDICINE July 2017; 18 (2) : 123-127
A Unified Approach for Reformulations of LRM/LRMM/LRRM Calibration Algorithms Based on the T-Matrix Representation
Authors: Zhao Wei , Liu Song , Wang Hai , Liu Yan , Zhang Shengkang , Cheng Chunyue , Feng Keming , Ocket Ilja , Schreurs Dominique , Nauwelaers Bart , Qin Hongbo , Yang Xiaodong
Published: August 2017

This paper investigates a unified theory to derive vector network analyzer calibration algorithms based on the T-matrix representation, by which means the line-reflect-match (LRM), line-reflect-match-match (LRMM), and the line-reflect-reflect-match (LRRM) calibrations are formulated. The proposed calibration theory is more general than other versions of LRM, LRMM, and LRRM in that an arbitrary known two-port device can be used as the line standard L, rather than a perfect thru or transmission line. Experimental verifications of the proposed theory using on-wafer calibrations from 0.5 GHz to 110 GHz are given.
Exact Negative Solutions for Guyer–Krumhansl Type Equation and the Maximum Principle Violation
Authors: Zhukovsky Konstantin
Published: August 2017

Heat propagation in the Guyer–Krumhansl model is studied. The exact analytical solutions for the one-dimensional Guyer–Krumhansl equation are obtained. The operational formalism is employed. Some examples of initial functions are considered, modeling various initial heat pulses and distributions. The effect of the ballistic heat transfer in an over–diffusive regime is elucidated. The behavior of the solutions in such a regime is explored. The maximum principle and its violation for the obtained solutions are discussed in the framework of heat conduction. Examples of negative solutions for the Guyer–Krumhansl equation are demonstrated.
Layout Optimisation of Wave Energy Converter Arrays
Authors: Ruiz Pau , Nava Vincenzo , Topper Mathew , Minguela Pablo , Ferri Francesco , Kofoed Jens
Published: August 2017

This paper proposes an optimisation strategy for the layout design of wave energy converter (WEC) arrays. Optimal layouts are sought so as to maximise the absorbed power given a minimum q-factor, the minimum distance between WECs, and an area of deployment. To guarantee an efficient optimisation, a four-parameter layout description is proposed. Three different optimisation algorithms are further compared in terms of performance and computational cost. These are the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA), a genetic algorithm (GA) and the glowworm swarm optimisation (GSO) algorithm. The results show slightly higher performances for the latter two algorithms; however, the first turns out to be significantly less computationally demanding.
iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Analysis and Network Integration for Kernel Tissue Development in Maize
Authors: Zhang Long , Dong Yongbin , Wang Qilei , Du Chunguang , Xiong Wenwei , Li Xinyu , Zhu Sailan , Li Yuling
Published: August 2017

Grain weight is one of the most important yield components and a developmentally complex structure comprised of two major compartments (endosperm and pericarp) in maize (Zea mays L.), however, very little is known concerning the coordinated accumulation of the numerous proteins involved. Herein, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based comparative proteomic method to analyze the characteristics of dynamic proteomics for endosperm and pericarp during grain development. Totally, 9539 proteins were identified for both components at four development stages, among which 1401 proteins were non-redundant, 232 proteins were specific in pericarp and 153 proteins were specific in endosperm. A functional annotation of the identified proteins revealed the importance of metabolic and cellular processes, and binding and catalytic activities for the tissue development. Three and 76 proteins involved in 49 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were integrated for the specific endosperm and pericarp proteins, respectively, reflecting their complex metabolic interactions. In addition, four proteins with important functions and different expression levels were chosen for gene cloning and expression analysis. Different concordance between mRNA level and the protein abundance was observed across different proteins, stages, and tissues as in previous research. These results could provide useful message for understanding the developmental mechanisms in grain development in maize.
Understanding Pollinator Habitat Conservation under Current Policy Using Economic Experiments
Authors: Jones Ritten Chian , Bastian Christopher , Shogren Jason , Panchalingam Thadchaigeni , Ehmke Mariah , Parkhurst Gregory
Published: August 2017

Pollinators provide critical ecosystems services vital to the production of numerous crops in the United States’ agricultural sector. However, the U.S. is witnessing a serious decline in the abundance and diversity of domestic and wild pollinators, which threatens U.S. food security. In response, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has created the Pollinator Habitat Initiative (CP-42) to induce landowners to create quality habitat for pollinators by planting beneficial crops and wildflowers on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)-eligible land. Landowners’ potential conservation decisions under CP-42 and the resulting impact on land use decisions regarding crop production are not well-understood. We examine these issues by designing an economic experiment that simulates landowners’ decisions to enroll in CP-42. As our motivating example, we focus on how CP-42 might affect crop production patterns and the resulting returns in Goshen County, Wyoming. The results indicate that about 16% of CRP-eligible land would be enrolled. Based on the relatively low CP-42 payment, our subjects remove only lower value crops from production. Our results suggest that (1) all dry wheat and sunflower production and a portion of barley, corn, and dry beans could be taken out of production when transferred to pollinator habitat, and (2) that habitat fragmentation would likely occur, which would reduce the efficacy of pollination. Overall, our results suggest that there are significant limits to the overall effectiveness of the CP-42 policy.
Development of Direct Quenched Hot Rolled Martensitic Strip Steels
Authors: Bracke Lieven , De Knijf Dorien , Gerritsen Christoph , Hojjati Talemi Reza , Diaz Gonzalez Eva
Published: August 2017

Metallurgical concepts for new ultra-high strength martensitic steels have been developed through direct quenching after hot rolling. In addition to the chemical composition, the hot rolling, quenching, and annealing parameters need to be optimized to fulfill the requirements for the demanding applications for which these steels are used. It is also shown that the welding behavior is influenced by the choice of alloying concept. Typical applications also require a high fatigue resistance, especially of formed components. For that reason, a dedicated set-up was developed that allows differentiation between materials, which is illustrated through the effect of inclusions on the fatigue performance of a bent test piece.
Discrepancy between Knowledge and Perceptions of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Compared with the Omega-3 Index
Authors: Thuppal Sowmyanarayanan , Von Schacky Clemens , Harris William , Sherif Katherine , Denby Nigel , Steinbaum Suzanne , Haycock Bryan , Bailey Regan
Published: August 2017

Little is known about the relationship between perceptions of nutrient adequacy and biomarkers of nutrition status. This cross-sectional study of U.S. and German adults (n = 200; 18–80 years) compared dietary practices, knowledge, and beliefs of omega-3 fatty acids (O3-FA) with the omega-3 index (O3-I), an erythrocyte-based biomarker associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. More than half of adults believed that O3-FAs are beneficial for heart and brain health and could correctly identify the food sources of O3-FA. However, the mean O3-I in the U.S. (4.3%) and Germany (5.5%) puts the majority of adults sampled (99%) in intermediate or high CVD-risk categories. More Americans were considered at high CVD-risk (40%) when compared with Germans (10%). In the U.S., but not Germany, women had a significantly higher O3-I than men (4.8% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001). In the intermediate CVD-risk group, about one-third of adults in both countries (30% in the U.S. and 27% in Germany) believed their diet was adequate in O3-FA. Notably, mean O3-I concentrations did not significantly differ with dietary perceptions of adequacy. More adults in Germany (26%) than in the U.S. (10%) believed that dietary supplements are needed to achieve a balanced diet. In spite of adequate knowledge about food sources and a consistent belief that O3-FA are important for health, very few participants had O3-I concentrations in the range for CVD protection.
A Behaviour Monitoring System (BMS) for Ambient Assisted Living
Authors: Eisa Samih , Moreira Adriano
Published: August 2017

Unusual changes in the regular daily mobility routine of an elderly person at home can be an indicator or early symptom of developing health problems. Sensor technology can be utilised to complement the traditional healthcare systems to gain a more detailed view of the daily mobility of a person at home when performing everyday tasks. We hypothesise that data collected from low-cost sensors such as presence and occupancy sensors can be analysed to provide insights on the daily mobility habits of the elderly living alone at home and to detect routine changes. We validate this hypothesis by designing a system that automatically learns the daily room-to-room transitions and permanence habits in each room at each time of the day and generates alarm notifications when deviations are detected. We present an algorithm to process the sensors’ data streams and compute sensor-driven features that describe the daily mobility routine of the elderly as part of the developed Behaviour Monitoring System (BMS). We are able to achieve low detection delay with confirmation time that is high enough to convey the detection of a set of common abnormal situations. We illustrate and evaluate BMS with synthetic data, generated by a developed data generator that was designed to mimic different user’s mobility profiles at home, and also with a real-life dataset collected from prior research work. Results indicate BMS detects several mobility changes that can be symptoms of common health problems. The proposed system is a useful approach for learning the mobility habits at the home environment, with the potential to detect behaviour changes that occur due to health problems, and therefore, motivating progress toward behaviour monitoring and elder’s care.
Mattering Moralities: Learning Corporeal Modesty through Muslim Diasporic Clothing Practices
Authors: Wagner Lauren
Published: August 2017

Questions of ‘coveredness’ in Islamic codes of dress, particularly as they apply to women, are often framed through the symbolic statements that they enable or disable, or through discourses on public versus private spaces. Rather than focus on these disciplining dimensions, this article explores observations about embodied practices for clothing oneself ‘modestly’, and some of the paradoxes thereof, which emerged in the context of research about diasporic mobilities of European-Moroccans in Morocco. Drawing heavily on Karen Barad and a materialist phenomenological approach to corporeality, this approach produces an understanding of how moral bodies materialize with and through clothing. By observing and following the mobilities of participants across spaces dominated by ‘Muslim’ and ‘Western’ regimes of modesty, certain dissonances of their practices in these differentiated spaces indicate ways bodies, clothing and moralities are intra-actively entangled. Proposing ethnography as a diffractive apparatus, the analysis incorporates participant reports, as well as embodied learning through ethnographic time. By approaching this ‘disciplining’ diffractively, all agents–knowledgeable bodies, malleable clothes and spatially moral gazes–are considered as intra-actively influencing each other, mattering into ‘modesty’ where ‘subjected’ bodies, as well as clothing and regimes of modesty are adapting.
Enabling Value Co-Creation in the Sharing Economy: The Case of Mobike
Authors: Lan Jing , Ma Yuge , Zhu Dajian , Mangalagiu Diana , Thornton Thomas
Published: August 2017

The disruptive rise of the sharing economy has inspired multiple social innovations embodying significant potential towards achieving urban sustainability in crucial areas like low-carbon mobility. Increasingly, consumers in such sharing systems participate in activities of value co-creation together with firms and peers, such as through enforcing rules that help maintain trust and reciprocity. Why do people choose to invest their time and energy in co-creating values that may benefit wider social and environmental sustainability in the sharing economy? This study addresses this question through an analysis of an emerging shared mobility community, the innovative socio-economic relationships it has spawned, and the cultural and cognitive forces that underpin these new forms of economic organization and value creation in relation to sustainability. Through a mixed method case study of a newly emerged free-floating bike sharing system in China, called Mobike, the paper explores the main enabling factors which is transforming people from passive product/service receivers to active value co-creators in the sharing economy, such as self-efficacy, cognition of duty, anticipated awards and learning processes. The paper argues that business, social and government organizations may leverage these enabling factors to achieve a more sustainable sharing business and society. Finally, based on quantitative and qualitative data analysis, the article proposes a value co-creation framework between users and firms that involves a clear social learning process on the one hand, and has strong links with social innovations towards sustainability, on the other.
Smart Cities as Organizational Fields: A Framework for Mapping Sustainability-Enabling Configurations
Authors: Pierce Paul , Ricciardi Francesca , Zardini Alessandro
Published: August 2017

Despite the impressive growth of smart city initiatives worldwide, an organizational theory of smart city has yet to be developed, and we lack models addressing the unprecedented organizational and management challenges that emerge in smart city contexts. Traditional models are often of little use, because smart cities pursue different goals than traditional organizations, are based on networked, cross-boundary activity systems, rely on distributed innovation processes, and imply adaptive policy-making. Complex combinations of factors may lead to vicious or virtuous cycles in smart city initiatives, but we know very little about how these factors may be identified and mapped. Based on an inductive study of a set of primary and secondary sources, we develop a framework for the configurational analysis of smart cities viewed as place-specific organizational fields. This framework identifies five key dimensions in the configurations of smart city fields; these five dimensions are mapped through five sub-frameworks, which can be used both separately as well as for an integrated analysis. Our contribution is conceived to support longitudinal studies, natural experiments and comparative analyses on smart city fields, and to improve our understanding of how different combinations of factors affect the capability of smart innovations to translate into city resilience, sustainability and quality of life. In addition, our results suggest that new forms of place-based entrepreneurship constitute the engine that allows for the dynamic collaboration between government, citizens and research centers in successful smart city organizational fields.
A Framework for Integrating Ecosystem Services into China’s Circular Economy: The Case of Eco-Industrial Parks
Authors: Liu Changhao , Côté Raymond
Published: August 2017

Identified as critical for sustainable development, ecosystem services are increasingly being put on the policy agendas of governments and corporations. China is now facing serious environmental challenges caused by losses of ecosystem services and recently has recognized that the country is reaching its environmental capacity. The circular economy (CE) has been positioned as a key strategy for national economic and social development by the national government as a way to resolve problems of resource depletion and environmental pollution. It will be increasingly critical to link ecosystem services to the CE. This means that the CE needs to be expanded to include restoration and regeneration of ecosystem services. This paper proposes a framework comprised of components including policies, governance, techniques and technologies, business development, key actors and support organizations for incorporating ecosystem services into the CE and focuses on industrial ecosystems, specifically eco-industrial parks (EIPs), as microcosms of a CE. Taking China as an example, this paper explores whether this framework can be applied to EIPs. The paper concludes that there are many opportunities to apply the framework to China’s EIPs.
Sustainability in the Food-Water-Ecosystem Nexus: The Role of Land Use and Land Cover Change for Water Resources and Ecosystems in the Kilombero Wetland, Tanzania
Authors: Leemhuis Constanze , Thonfeld Frank , Näschen Kristian , Steinbach Stefanie , Muro Javier , Strauch Adrian , López Ander , Daconto Giuseppe , Games Ian , Diekkrüger Bernd
Published: August 2017

Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) has a significant impact on water resources and ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). On the basis of three research projects we aim to describe and discuss the potential, uncertainties, synergies and science-policy interfaces of satellite-based integrated research for the Kilombero catchment, comprising one of the major agricultural utilized floodplains in Tanzania. LULCC was quantified at the floodplain and catchment scale analyzing Landsat 5 and Sentinel 2 satellite imagery applying different adapted classification methodologies. LULC maps at the catchment scale serve as spatial input for the distributed, process-based ecohydrological model SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) simulating the changes in the spatial and temporal water balance in runoff components caused by LULCC. The results reveal that over the past 26 years LULCC has significantly altered the floodplain and already shows an impact on the ecosystem by degrading the existing wildlife corridors. On the catchment scale the anomalies of the water balance are still marginal, but with the expected structural changes of the catchment there is an urgent need to increase the public awareness and knowledge of decision makers regarding the effect of the relationship between LULCC, water resources and environmental degradation.
Remembering Dr. Rex Munday
Authors: Botana Luis , Vasconcelos Vitor
Published: August 2017

Rex Munday was a scientist working for AgResearch Ltd. in New Zealand. He was a leading figure in the area of marine toxin toxicity. His passing in July 2017 marked a loss for his family, as well as for colleagues who knew him as a dedicated professional, and a lively scientist with a great sense of humor.
Orally Delivered Scorpion Antimicrobial Peptides Exhibit Activity against Pea Aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and Its Bacterial Symbionts
Authors: Luna-Ramirez Karen , Skaljac Marisa , Grotmann Jens , Kirfel Phillipp , Vilcinskas Andreas
Published: August 2017

Aphids are severe agricultural pests that damage crops by feeding on phloem sap and vectoring plant pathogens. Chemical insecticides provide an important aphid control strategy, but alternative and sustainable control measures are required to avoid rapidly emerging resistance, environmental contamination, and the risk to humans and beneficial organisms. Aphids are dependent on bacterial symbionts, which enable them to survive on phloem sap lacking essential nutrients, as well as conferring environmental stress tolerance and resistance to parasites. The evolution of aphids has been accompanied by the loss of many immunity-related genes, such as those encoding antibacterial peptides, which are prevalent in other insects, probably because any harm to the bacterial symbionts would inevitably affect the aphids themselves. This suggests that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) could replace or at least complement conventional insecticides for aphid control. We fed the pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) with AMPs from the venom glands of scorpions. The AMPs reduced aphid survival, delayed their reproduction, displayed in vitro activity against aphid bacterial symbionts, and reduced the number of symbionts in vivo. Remarkably, we found that some of the scorpion AMPs compromised the aphid bacteriome, a specialized organ that harbours bacterial symbionts. Our data suggest that scorpion AMPs holds the potential to be developed as bio-insecticides, and are promising candidates for the engineering of aphid-resistant crops.
BMP Optimization to Improve the Economic Viability of Farms in the Upper Watershed of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing, China
Authors: Geng Runzhe , Yin Peihong , Gong Qianru , Wang Xiaoyan , Sharpley Andrew
Published: August 2017

Best management practices (BMPs) are being implemented to reduce non-point sources pollution in China and worldwide. There are many types of agricultural BMPs, but their effectiveness differs from farm to farm, depending on where they are applied, how they are applied, and how they are impacted by weather. Two farms (village Nan Wayao, VNWY and village Liu Jianfang, VLJF) with differing farm systems (crop-based mixed farm and dairy-based farms) located in the upper watershed of Miyun reservoir, Beijing, China were selected. We used the Integrated Farming System Model (IFSM) based on these two farms information to estimate total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) loss from 2000 to 2014, to identify (1) causes of farm nutrient imbalances, (2) key factors causing the imbalances, and (3) viable BMPs to reduce source and TN runoff at the farm scale. Results indicated that these farms had TP losses ranging from 8.2 to 160 kg/ha/year and TN losses from 73.7 to 1391.6 kg/ha/year. Using IFSM, physical (i.e., soil bulk density, available water content, and soil-P) and economic (i.e., diesel and farm loan interest rates) factors are more influential in determining nutrient loss from VNWY than VLJF. Rainfall patterns had a little effect on nutrient use and loss on the dairy farm in VLJF. Changes in available water content and soil bulk density had greater impact on the return for VNWY than VLJF, while changes in loan interest rates were more influential on VLJF. Maximum reductions in nutrient loss were obtained with implementation of the BMPs conservation tillage, reduced fertilizer and manure applications, buffer strips, and storage of poultry manure.
Correction: Messer, T.L.; Burchell, M.R.; Birgand, F. Comparison of Four Nitrate Removal Kinetic Models in Two Distinct Wetland Restoration Mesocosm Systems. Water 2017, 9, 517
Authors: Messer Tiffany , Burchell Michael , Birgand François
Published: August 2017

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Characterization and transferability of microsatellites for the Kangaroo Paw, Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae)
Authors: Ayre Bronwyn M. , Anthony Janet M. , Roberts David G. , Allcock Richard J. N. , Krauss Siegfried L.
Published: August 2017

Premise of the study:

Microsatellites were developed for the future assessment of population genetic structure, mating system, and dispersal of the perennial kangaroo paw, Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae), and related species.

Methods and Results:

Using a Personal Genome Machine (PGM) semiconductor sequencer, ca. 4.03 million sequence reads were generated. QDD pipeline software was used to identify 190,000 microsatellite‐containing regions and priming sites. From these, 90 were chosen and screened using PCR, and 15 polymorphic markers identified. These sites amplified di‐, tri‐, and pentanucleotide repeats with one to 20 alleles per locus. Primers were also amplified across congeners A. bicolor, A. flavidus, A. gabrielae, A. humilis, A. preissii, A. pulcherrimus, A. rufus, and A. viridis to assess cross‐species transferability.

Conclusions:

These markers provide a resource for population genetic studies in A. manglesii and other species within the genus.
New Orbits Based on Speckle Interferometry at SOAR. II.*
Authors: Tokovinin Andrei
Published: August 2017

Orbits of 44 close and fast visual binaries are computed using the latest speckle observations; 23 orbits are determined for the first time, and the rest are revisions, some of those substantial. Six combined orbits use radial velocities. The median period is 15.6 years, and the shortest period is one year. Most stars are nearby late-type dwarfs. Dynamical parallaxes and estimates of the masses are derived from the orbital elements and the photometry of the components.
Zoom-in Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks Starting from GMC Scales
Authors: Kuffmeier Michael , Haugbølle Troels , Nordlund Åke
Published: August 2017

We investigate the formation of protoplanetary disks around nine solar-mass stars formed in the context of a (40 pc)3 Giant Molecular Cloud model, using ramses adaptive mesh refinement simulations extending over a scale range of about 4 million, from an outer scale of 40 pc down to cell sizes of 2 au. Our most important result is that the accretion process is heterogeneous in multiple ways: in time, in space, and among protostars of otherwise similar mass. Accretion is heterogeneous in time, in the sense that accretion rates vary during the evolution, with generally decreasing profiles, whose slopes vary over a wide range, and where accretion can increase again if a protostar enters a region with increased density and low speed. Accretion is heterogeneous in space, because of the mass distribution, with mass approaching the accreting star–disk system in filaments and sheets. Finally, accretion is heterogeneous among stars, since the detailed conditions and dynamics in the neighborhood of each star can vary widely. We also investigate the sensitivity of disk formation to physical conditions and test their robustness by varying numerical parameters. We find that disk formation is robust even when choosing the least favorable sink particle parameters, and that turbulence cascading from larger scales is a decisive factor in disk formation. We also investigate the transport of angular momentum, finding that the net inward mechanical transport is compensated for mainly by an outward-directed magnetic transport, with a contribution from gravitational torques usually subordinate to the magnetic transport.
Signatures of Hot Molecular Hydrogen Absorption from Protoplanetary Disks. I. Non-thermal Populations
Authors: Hoadley Keri , France Kevin , Arulanantham Nicole , Loyd R. O. Parke , Kruczek Nicholas
Published: August 2017

The environment around protoplanetary disks (PPDs) regulates processes that drive the chemical and structural evolution of circumstellar material. We perform a detailed empirical survey of warm molecular hydrogen (H2) absorption observed against H i-Lyα (Lyα: λ1215.67) emission profiles for 22 PPDs, using archival Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet (UV) spectra to identify H2 absorption signatures and quantify the column densities of H2 ground states in each sightline. We compare thermal equilibrium models of H2 to the observed H2 rovibrational level distributions. We find that, for the majority of targets, there is a clear deviation in high-energy states (T
exc ≳ 20,000 K) away from thermal equilibrium populations (T(H2) ≳ 3500 K). We create a metric to estimate the total column density of non-thermal H2 (N(H2)nLTE) and find that the total column densities of thermal (N(H2)) and N(H2)nLTE correlate for transition disks and targets with detectable C iv-pumped H2 fluorescence. We compare N(H2) and N(H2)nLTE to circumstellar observables and find that N(H2)nLTE correlates with X-ray and far-UV luminosities, but no correlations are observed with the luminosities of discrete emission features (e.g., Lyα, C iv). Additionally, N(H2) and N(H2)nLTE are too low to account for the H2 fluorescence observed in PPDs, so we speculate that this H2 may instead be associated with a diffuse, hot, atomic halo surrounding the planet-forming disk. We create a simple photon-pumping model for each target to test this hypothesis and find that Lyα efficiently pumps H2 levels with T
exc ≥ 10,000 K out of thermal equilibrium.
Dusty Gas Accretion onto Massive Black Holes and Infrared Diagnosis of the Eddington Ratio
Authors: Yajima Hidenobu , Ricotti Massimo , Park KwangHo , Sugimura Kazuyuki
Published: August 2017

Evidence for dust around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the early universe is strongly suggested by recent observations. However, the accretion mechanism of SMBHs in dusty gas is not well understood yet. We investigate the growth of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) of

in dusty clouds by using one-dimensional radiative-hydrodynamics simulations. We find that the accretion of dusty gas onto IMBHs proceeds gently with small fluctuations of the accretion rate, whereas that of pristine gas causes more violent periodic bursts. At dust-to-gas mass ratios similar to the solar neighborhood, the time-averaged luminosity becomes smaller than that for primordial gas by one order of magnitude and the time-averaged Eddington ratio ranges from

to

in clouds with initial gas densities of

. Our calculations show that the effect of dust opacity alone is secondary compared to the radiation pressure on dust in regulating the BH growth. We also derive spectral energy distributions at IR bands by calculating dust thermal emission and show that the flux ratio between

and

is closely related to the Eddington ratio. Thermal emission from hot dust near the BH dominates only during the phase of high accretion, producing higher flux density at

. Therefore, we suggest that a combination of mid-IR observations by the James Webb Space Telescope and far-IR observations by ALMA or Spitzer can be used to estimate the Eddington ratio of massive BHs. We also extend our simple modeling to SMBHs of

and show that ALMA can detect SMBHs of

at

.
Axion as a Cold Dark Matter Candidate: Proof to Fully Nonlinear Order
Authors: Noh Hyerim , Hwang Jai-chan , Park Chan-Gyung
Published: August 2017

We present proof of the axion as a cold dark matter (CDM) candidate to the fully nonlinear order perturbations based on Einstein’s gravity. We consider the axion as a coherently oscillating massive classical scalar field without interaction. We present the fully nonlinear and exact, except for ignoring the transverse-tracefree tensor-type perturbation, hydrodynamic equations for an axion fluid in Einstein’s gravity. We show that the axion has the characteristic pressure and anisotropic stress; the latter starts to appear from the second-order perturbation. But these terms do not directly affect the hydrodynamic equations in our axion treatment. Instead, what behaves as the effective pressure term in relativistic hydrodynamic equations is the perturbed lapse function and the relativistic result coincides exactly with the one known in the previous non-relativistic studies. The effective pressure term leads to a Jeans scale that is of the solar-system scale for conventional axion mass. As the fully nonlinear and relativistic hydrodynamic equations for an axion fluid coincide exactly with the ones of a zero-pressure fluid in the super-Jeans scale, we have proved the CDM nature of such an axion in that scale.
Making Mangoes Move
Authors: Frawley Jodi
Published: August 2017

forthcoming
Modeling intercontinental transport of ozone in North America with CAMx for the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) Phase 3
Authors: Nopmongcol Uarporn , Liu Zhen , Stoeckenius Till , Yarwood Greg
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Intercontinental ozone (O3) transport extends the geographic range of O3 air pollution impacts and makes local air pollution management more difficult. Phase 3 of the Air Quality Modeling Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII-3) is examining the contribution of intercontinental transport to regional air quality by applying regional-scale atmospheric models jointly with global models. We investigate methods for tracing O3 from global models within regional models. The CAMx photochemical grid model was used to track contributions from boundary condition (BC) O3 over a North American modeling domain for calendar year 2010 using a built-in tracer module called RTCMC. RTCMC can track BC contributions using chemically reactive tracers and also using inert tracers in which deposition is the only sink for O3. Lack of O3 destruction chemistry in the inert tracer approach leads to overestimation biases that can exceed 10 ppb. The flexibility of RTCMC also allows tracking O3 contributions made by groups of vertical BC layers. The largest BC contributions to seasonal average daily maximum 8 h averages (MDA8) of O3 over the US are found to be from the mid-troposphere (over 40 ppb) with small contributions (a few ppb) from the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere. Contributions from the lower troposphere are shown to not penetrate very far inland. Higher contributions in the western than the eastern US, reaching an average of 57 ppb in Denver for the 30 days with highest MDA8 O3 in 2010, present a significant challenge to air quality management approaches based solely on local or US-wide emission reductions. The substantial BC contribution to MDA8 O3 in the Intermountain West means regional models are particularly sensitive to any biases and errors in the BCs. A sensitivity simulation with reduced BC O3 in response to 20 % lower emissions in Asia found a near-linear relationship between the BC O3 changes and surface O3 changes in the western US in all seasons and across the US in fall and winter. However, the surface O3 decreases are small: below 1 ppb in spring and below 0.5 ppb in other seasons.
Noise performance of microwave humidity sounders over their life
time
Authors: Hans Imke , Burgdorf Martin , John Viju O. , Mittaz Jonathan , Buehler Stefan A.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The microwave humidity sounders Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapour Profiler (SSMT-2), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) to date have been providing data records for 25 years. So far, the data records lack uncertainty information essential for constructing consistent long time data series. In this study, we assess the quality of the recorded data with respect to the uncertainty caused by noise. We calculate the noise on the raw calibration counts from the deep space view (DSV) of the instrument and the Noise Equivalent Differential Temperature (NEΔT) as a measure for the radiometer sensitivity. For this purpose, we use the Allan Deviation that is not biased from an underlying varying mean of the data and that has been suggested only recently for application in atmospheric remote sensing. Moreover, we use the bias function related to the Allan Deviation to infer the underlying spectrum of the noise. As examples, we investigate the noise spectrum in flight for some instruments. For the assessment of the noise evolution in time, we provide a descriptive and graphical overview of the calculated NEΔT over the life span of each instrument and channel. This overview can serve as an easily accessible information for users interested in the noise performance of a specific instrument, channel and time. Within the time evolution of the noise, we identify periods of instrumental degradation, which manifest themselves in an increasing NEΔT, and periods of erratic behaviour, which show sudden increases of NEΔT interrupting the overall smooth evolution of the noise. From this assessment and subsequent exclusion of the aforementioned periods, we present a chart showing available data records with NEΔT < K. Due to overlapping life spans of the instruments, these reduced data records still cover without gaps the time since 1994 and may therefore serve as first step for constructing long time series. Our method for count noise estimation, that has been used in this study, will be used in the data processing to provide input values for the uncertainty propagation in the generation of a new set of Fundamental Climate Data Records (FCDR) that are currently produced in the project Fidelity and Uncertainty in Climate data records from Earth Observation (FIDUCEO).
Holocene aridification trend interrupted by millennial- and centennial-scale climate fluctuations from a new sedimentary record from Padul (Sierra Nevada, southern Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Ramos-Román María J. , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo , Camuera Jon , García-Alix Antonio , Anderson R. Scott , Jiménez-Espejo Francisco J. , Carrión José S.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Holocene centennial-scale paleoenvironmental variability has been described in a multiproxy analysis (i.e. lithology, geochemistry, macrofossil and microfossil analyses) of a paleoecological record from the Padul basin in Sierra Nevada, southern Iberian Peninsula. This sequence covers a relevant time interval hitherto unreported in the studies of the Padul sedimentary sequence. The ca. 4700 yr-long record has preserved proxies of climate variability, with vegetation, lake levels and sedimentological change the Holocene in one of the most unique and southernmost peat bogs from Europe. The progressive Middle and Late Holocene trend toward arid conditions identified by numerous authors in the western Mediterranean region, mostly related to a decrease in summer insolation, is also documented in this record, being here also superimposed by centennial-scale variability in humidity. In turn, this record shows centennial-scale climate oscillations in temperature that correlate with well-known climatic events during the Late Holocene in the western Mediterranean region, synchronous with variability in solar and atmospheric dynamics. The multiproxy Padul record first shows a transition from a relatively humid Middle Holocene in the western Mediterranean region to more aridity from ~ 4700 to ~ 2800 cal yr BP. A relatively warm and humid period occurred between ~ 2600 to ~ 1600 cal yr BP, coinciding with persistent negative NAO conditions and the historic Iberian-Roman Humid Period. Enhanced arid conditions, co-occurring with overall positive NAO conditions and increasing solar activity, are observed between ~ 1550 to ~ 450 cal yr BP (~ 400 to ~ 1400 CE) and colder and warmer conditions happened during the Dark Ages and Medieval Climate Anomaly, respectively. Slightly wetter conditions took place during the end of the MCA and the first part of the Little Ice Age, which could be related to a change towards negative NAO conditions and minima in solar activity. Evidences of higher human impact in the Padul peat bog area are observed in the last ~ 1550 cal yr BP. Time series analysis performed from local (Botryococcus and TOC) and regional signals (Mediterranean forest) helped us determining the relationship between southern Iberian climate evolution, atmospheric, oceanic dynamics and solar activity.
DIGITAL CAPTURE AND FABRICATION TOOLS FOR INTERPRETATION OF HISTORIC SITES
Authors: Ackerman A. , Glekas E.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Historic sites and the narratives they produce can have a lasting impact on the community through public engagement and education. However, when these sites are neglected and lost over time, opportunities to engage the public with the history of these places is lost with them. The interpretation of heritage that has been lost or forgotten is an emerging trend in humanities studies. This trend, in combination with technological advancements in digital media and representation, presents an innovative opportunity for historic preservation professionals to create new paths for public engagement. This paper discusses applications of photogrammetry, 3D modeling, and digital fabrication in digitally reconstructing interpretive models of the Larz Anderson Estate (now Larz Anderson Park). This site has changed dramatically through its transition from a private estate to a public park and recreation area, with few remnants of the original estate remaining extant. The above stated use of digital strategies aims to create digital and physical models of the estate’s change over time, with the aim of interpreting the site's lost heritage for the public. Combining existing archival research and heritage documentation methods with these digital representation techniques tells the story of a place that no longer exists.