bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon sequestration in macroalgae Kappaphycus striatum in seaweed aquaculture site, Alaang village, Alor Island, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Fakhraini M S , Wisnu W , Khathir R , Patria M P
Published: December 2019

Carbon sequestration in macroalgae through photosynthesis can contribute to the mitigation of the climate change problem. This research aimed to analyze carbon sequestration potential on macroalgae Kappaphycus striatum with different harvested ages; i.e. young (25 days) and adult (60 days). Samples were collected randomly from off-bottom seaweed aquaculture system, at Alaang village, Alor island, East Nusa Tenggara. The parameter observed was carbon content determined by using gravimetric analysis. Growth rate measurement and light-dark bottle experiment were also conducted to be further analyzed. Results showed in total area 1,552 m2, it was estimated that the carbon sequestration potential of macroalgae Kappaphycus striatum was 13.28 tonnes C/cycle for young and 26.63 tonnes C/cycle for adult. These results were equal to 66.07 tonnes C/ha/cycle and 125.51 tonnes C/ha/cycle, respectively. Therefore, the carbon sequestration potential of adult seaweed was higher about 32.78% than that of young seaweed, followed by its lower growth rate and higher primary productivity. It can be concluded that the carbon sequestration potential was influenced by growth rate and primary productivity. Further study on sustainable management of seaweed aquaculture sites, by considering ecological and economic values, could potentially provide multiple functions both for human and ecosystem.
The influence of women’s leadership in the fishery and cleaner production of fish processing industry on the effectiveness of coastal preservation program in Tangerang
Authors: Sipahutar Y H , Rahmayanti H , Achmad R , Suryanto M R , Ramandeka R R , Syalim M R , Pratama R B , Rahmi A N , Astrianti P , Mila G
Published: December 2019

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of the leadership fisherwomen and cleaner production of the fish processing industry on the effectiveness of environmental coastal preservation in Tangerang District. The research was conducted by survey method and analyzed using Path Analysis (PA). Sampling was done by proportional random sampling. Data sources were obtained from primary data by distributing questionnaires. The results showed that the leadership of fisherwomen had a significant influence on the effectiveness of effort to preserve the coast with a value of 0.420>0.005. Cleaner production in the fish processing industry, was significant effect to work leadership fisherwomen on the effectiveness of coastal preservation with a value of 0.361>0.005. The leadership of fisherwomen together with the cleaner production of fish processing industry had a significant simultaneous effect on the effectiveness of preserving the coastal environment (P<0.05). The value of R square obtained was 52.3%, meaning that the work effectiveness variable preserving the coastal environment can be explain 52.3% by the leadership variable and the clean production environment of fish processing industry while the remaining 47.7% can be explain by other unexamined variables.
Bioactivities of red seaweed extracts from Banten, Indonesia
Authors: Khatulistiani T S , Noviendri D , Munifah I , Melanie S
Published: December 2019

Red seaweed has many advantages and can be utilized for cosmetics and pharmaceutical products for its rich bioactive content such as R-Phycoerythrin and phenols. This study were aimed to determine the R-phycoerythrin and phenolic contents, also the bioactivities of red seaweed extracts from Indonesia. The samples of Eucheuma sp., Gelidium sp., Eucheuma spinosum, Halymenia sp., and Rhodopeltis sp. were extracted by maceration method with distilled water (ratio 1:2, w/v) for 24 hours at cold temperature. The R-phycoerythrin content was determine by UV/VIS spectrophotometry at λ 455, 565, and 592 nm. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant and antityrosinase were determined using Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and mushroom tyrosinase assays. The highest yield of extract (2.73%, w/w) and R-PE (0.1056 mg/mL) were obtained from Halymenia sp., with highest phenolic content 8.79±1.21 GAE/mg, as well as in Eucheuma sp. (7.05±0.87 GAE/mg, p > 0,05). Halymenia sp. and Eucheuma sp. extracts showed antioxidant content of 19.40±0.37 and 19.08±0.66 AA mg/g, with tyrosinase enzymes of 40.09±2.01% and 41.36±3.8 % (1,000 ppm). Thus, Eucheuma sp. and Halymenia sp. extracts have high potential activities, while Halymenia sp. was potentialy used as natural colorant for cosmeticals and nutraceutical.
The condition and composition of seagrass and mollusca on Biak island, Papua
Authors: Aji L P , Widyastuti A
Published: December 2019

This research was purposed to assess coverage and species distribution of seagrass as well as mollusca in Biak Island, Biak Numfor Regency, Papua. Field sampling was conducted in February, March and September 2017 at 18 observation stations. Eight seagrass species were recorded during the sampling period namely Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, Halodule uninervis, Halodule pinifolia, Syiringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, and Halophila ovalis. The highest coverage was T. hemprichii, followed by C. rotundata and the least was C. serrulata. The range of seagrass coverage from 5.11% (St.1) to 75.76% (St.17) with the average of coverage in Biak was 35.7%. Furthermore, there were 4 groups based on Bray-Curtis similarity according to the seagrass assemblage in the research area. In addition, a total of 156 molluscan species were recorded consisted of 123 species from gastropod and 33 species from bivalvia. The most distributed species from gastropod were Conomurex luhuanus and Canarium urceus, while from bivalvia was Anadara antiquata. Station 15 has the highest species number with 33 species and the lowest, with just 9 species, were found at station 1 and 7.
Mangrove ecosystem for sustainable tourism in Dampier Strait Marine Protected Area Raja Ampat
Authors: Yulianda F , Kaber Y , Bengen D G , Dahuri R
Published: December 2019

Mangrove forests are considered very productive ecosystems in tropical coastal areas. They consist of valuable resources which provide services in terms of physical, biological and socio-economic functions. Human intervention and development have impacted the coastal ecosystems. The research was carried out to assess the biodiversity of mangrove ecosystem for sustainable tourism in Dampier strait, Raja Ampat. The data collected in Manswar islands, Gam islands, and the southern part of Waigeo island, and Batanta islands. Mangrove sampling was carried out at 7 (seven) stations which were selected randomly. The baseline data were used to develop the model of integrated and sustainable mangrove forest management in marine protected area Raja Ampat. The maximum number of visitors to each mangrove destination in Dampier Strait MPA ranged from 376 persons per year for Pandawa Resort to 39,486 person per year for the Nature Reserve Waringkabom. Two management areas were designed for mangrove ecotourism, namely Batanta management area and Gam island, Manswar islands, and South of Waigeo management area. These areas could be assigned as mangrove ecotourism based on resort management, based on property right of local community management and local customary management, and based on partnership and collaboration management.
The improvement of survival rate of land hermit crabs Coenobita (Malacostraca: Coenobitidae) in artificial habitat through multispecies and niche heterogeneity approach
Authors: Hutagalung R A , Adrian R , Prasasty D
Published: December 2019

Land hermit crabs are invertebrates having a unique shell and attractive behavior. In their natural habitat, they live in a group with different species. Meanwhile in an artificial habitat, they are usually maintained solitary, even solitaire that the necessities of social life are not fulfilled. This research was aimed to improve the survival rate of three species of hermit crabs (multispecies) through niche heterogeneity and to analyze their behaviors in an artificial habitat. Two treatments were evaluated including species types (multispecies combination) and habitat types (sand, hiding place, branch, open area). Coenobita perlatus preferred to climb and roam, especially at night, whereas C. brevimanus tend to burrow or hide while C. violacens preferred to hide. The highest survival rate was observed for C. brevimanus (91.66±0.143%) coexisted with two other species. C. perlatus showed the highest survival rate when they were mixed with C. brevimanus (83.61%±0.149). However, the survival was low when they were mixed with C. violacens. This result proved that hermit crabs need to coexist, but with the right species. The coexistence is possible by partitioning the resources.
Hydro-structural stability investigation of a 100 MW Francis turbine based on experimental tests and numerical simulations
Authors: Decaix J , Hasmatuchi V , Titzschkau M , Rapillard L , Münch-Alligné C
Published: December 2019

This work focuses on a 100 MW Francis turbine prototype, part of one of the four horizontal ternary groups of Grimsel 2 PSPP, in Switzerland. Due to the massive integration of new renewable energy, the number of daily starts/stops of the machines has increased. Consequently, cracks on the runner blades of the Francis turbines have been noticed, without a clear explanation regarding the phenomenon responsible for their onset.

To identify the main stress-full operating condition causing these cracks, the full turbine hill chart has been covered during the in situ measurement campaign including start-up, speed no-load, deep part load, best efficiency, full load and shut-down operating conditions. Then hydro-structural stability diagnosis diagrams of the prototype have been established for the whole operating range of the turbine. In addition, CFD numerical simulations for different operating conditions, along with FEM structural and modal analysis of the runner, have been carried out.

The onboard measurements evidenced the highest mechanical stresses on the runner blades at speed no-load operating condition. This conclusion is supported by CFD and FEM analysis, which put in evidence the possible excitation of one of the runner’s eigen frequency by the fluctuations of the pressure field.
Experimental and computational investigation of fluid structure interaction of flexible tube’s dynamic properties
Authors: Kůrečka J. , Šedivý D. , Fialová S. , Habán V.
Published: December 2019

Flexible tubes are often used in hydraulic measurement, be it connection between pieces of hydraulic equipment or an extension from point of measurement to measuring sensor or as a substitute for a different material e.g. biological tissue. Such tube material allows for rather large deformation and therefore influences measured parameters. Laboratory set up consisting of pressure sensors and piston pulsator was used to gather experimental data. Frequency response and properties were obtained in a range of frequencies. Fluid structure interaction simulation using ANSYS FEM and Fluent CFD packages and simulation in ANSYS Mechanical with acoustic-capabilities were used to compare experimental and computational data. Results show correlation between different approaches. Suitability of flexible tubes is discussed regarding the obtained properties.
Dynamic Closing Modelling of the Penstock Protection Valve for Pipe Burst Simulations
Authors: Alligné S , Nicolet C , Chabloz P , Chapuis L
Published: December 2019

The penstock protection valve equipped with downstream air valve is a safety component aiming to cut off the discharge in case of pipe burst. The hydraulic transient simulation of pipe burst scenario is challenging since the closing time results from the system dynamics, air is admitted through the downstream air valve and cavitation may occur in the penstock. To perform such simulation, a dynamic model of the penstock protection valve is developed and presented in this paper. Closing time, maximum flow rate reached during the pipe burst or maximum oil pressure in the cylinder of servomotor during the non-linear closing law are results derived with this model. Moreover, influence of cavitation in the valve and in the penstock are considered in the model. It is showed that simulation of pipe burst should consider i) cavitation model in the penstock protection valve, ii) water column separation in the penstock and iii) air admission by the air valves located downstream to the valve to obtain realistic results.
PIV measurements on a Kaplan turbine and comparison with scale-adaptive numerical analysis
Authors: Beck Johannes , Jossberger Simon , Jester-Zürker Roland , Riedelbauch Stefan
Published: December 2019

Kaplan turbines build a mainstay of the hydro power generation as they offer best efficiency even for high flow conditions. A double regulating approach facilitates a high degree of flexibility but yields to be a sophisticated turbine type. Typical phenomena like gap flow and flow separation are challenges in simulation and complicate reliable predictions. To get a better understanding of flow physics elaborate numerical simulations by means of Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are conducted as well as experimental flow investigation using the non-intrusive optical measurement technique Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Measurements are taken at the spiral case inlet, the draft tube cone and the diffuser giving instantaneous or phase-locked time averaged vector fields of flow velocity in a plane. Depending on the optical access it is possible to gather the in-plane velocity components or all three velocity components using Stereoscopic PIV. The obtained measurement results are then taken as reference on the one hand side for a definition of realistic inlet boundary condition and on the other hand side for assessment of the chosen numerical approach for predicting flow phenomena in Kaplan turbines. In this particular case the focus is on the interaction of runner and draft tube. Results of unsteady simulations with standard two equation and advanced hybrid RANS-LES turbulence models are compared to measurement data.
Numerical study on pressure fluctuation in a multiphase rotodynamic pump with different inlet gas void fractions
Authors: Zhang W W , Zhu B S , Yu Z Y
Published: December 2019

Pressure fluctuation in the single-phase pump has been widely discussed, while less attention was paid for that in the multiphase pump. Therefore, this study investigated the pressure fluctuation in a multiphase rotodynamic pump. Unsteady simulations based on Euler two-fluid model were done with ANSYS-CFX software when the inlet gas void fractions (IGVFs) were 0.0%, 3.0%, 9.0%, and 15.0%. Under pure water (IGVF=0.0%) and gas-liquid two-phase (IGVFs=3.0%, 9.0%, 15.0%) conditions, the reliability of numerical method was verified by comparison with the experimental data. The numerical results showed that the dominant frequency in the impeller and guide vane corresponded to the blade numbers of guide vane and impeller, respectively. This illustrated that the rotor-stator interaction was the main cause for the generation of fluctuation in such pump. Meanwhile, the maximum fluctuation amplitude appeared near the impeller outlet at IGVF=0.0%, while it appeared near the guide vane inlet under two-phase conditions. Furthermore, the maximum fluctuation amplitudes at IGVF=3.0%, 9.0%, 15.0% are 1.9, 2.9, and 3.3 times as large as that at IGVF=0.0%.
Experimental verification of the effect of gap geometry on the tip-leakage flow pattern and tip-clearance cavitation
Authors: Pervunin Konstantin S , Yu Nichik Mikhail , Timoshevskiy Mikhail V
Published: December 2019

Tip-clearance cavitation is one of the most aggressive and widespread forms of cavitation in hydraulic machinery that occurs due to liquid leaking through narrow gaps between tips or end faces of blades/vanes and a stator wall. The research is aimed at the study of a passive control of tip-leakage flow and tip-clearance cavitation by modifying the gap geometry. The test object was a NACA0022-34 hydrofoil with a 100 mm chord that was equipped with a double-sided axis of rotation. The gap geometry was changed by mounting side plates with different end surfaces (flat and grooved) to the hydrofoil end face. We used high-speed imaging to analyze the temporal and spatial cavity evolution simultaneously on the foil suction side and inside the clearance using three cameras. The implemented control method was shown to allow an effective management of the tip-leakage flow and tip-clearance cavitation, especially at higher angles of attack. The modified end plate makes the tip-leakage flow less prone to cavitation as compared to the original one, i.e. the tip-clearance cavitation inception and development appear to be hampered.
Raman modes and dielectric relaxation properties of epitaxial BaBiO3 thin films
Authors: Talha M , Lee Y W
Published: December 2019

Perovskite BaBiO3 films are grown on MgO (100) substrate and SrTiO3 (001) and (110) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The thickness of the films ranges from ∼10 nm up to 200 nm. X-ray diffraction and reciprocal space mapping show that the thin films are grown epitaxially but relaxed considerably particularly for the films on SrTiO3. The topography of the film surfaces are obtained with AFM and found to be atomically flat with the step and terrace structure of unit cell step height. Raman spectroscopy is performed on the BaBiO3 films in the temperature range from 50 K to 300 K. The phonon modes related to octahedral breathing, bond bending, and bond stretching are detected in the Raman spectra, and the distinctive features are found in the phonon modes below and above a structural transition around 140 K. Out-of-plane dielectric measurements are also carried out from 10 K to 400 K for the films on SrTiO3 with different orientations. In particular, the dielectric measurements demonstrate frequency as well as orientation dependent anisotropic dielectric relaxation behaviors in BaBiO3 films.
Hygrothermal chamber aging effect on mechanical behavior and morphology of glass fiber-epoxy-nanoclay composites
Authors: Shettar Manjunath , Kini U Achutha , Sharma Sathyashankara , Hiremath Pavan , M C Gowrishankar
Published: December 2019

This work examines the impact of artificial aging on tensile and flexural behavior of epoxy-nanoclay composites (ENCs) and glass fiber-epoxy-nanoclay composites (GFENCs) in the hygrothermal chamber. Epoxy-nanoclay composites made by a general-casting technique, and GFENCs are made by hand layup technique. The specimens are aged in the hygrothermal chamber for 180 days at 40 °C with 60% RH. The results revealed that an increase in nanoclay and glass fiber weight percentage enhanced the mechanical behavior of GFENCs. The aging of the sample has a negative influence on the composite materials. But, the increase in nanoclay and glass fiber weight percentage has diminished the impact of aging on the mechanical behavior of composites. SEM micrographs revealed the reason for the failure and influence of aging conditions.
Oxidation study of CoCrCuFeNiSix high entropy alloys
Authors: Shajahan Shaik , Kumar Anil , Chopkar Manoj , Basu A
Published: December 2019

Oxidation studies of Co–Cr–Cu–Fe–Ni–SiX=(0,0.3,0.6,0.9) high entropy alloys (HEA) at 600, 700 and 800 °C for 30 h are performed in the present work. Isothermal oxidation confirmed that the oxidation resistance of Co–Cr–Cu–Fe–Ni–SiX=(0,0.3,0.6,0.9 ) high entropy alloy increases with Silicon (Si) content up to 0.6%, beyond that it decreases. Oxidation rate kinetics study of all the alloys at the three designated test temperature represented the typical cubic curve. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the evolution of Cu oxide (CuO) along with existing phases in all the HEA samples. Microstructural observation after oxidation test exhibited an increase in oxide formation with the oxidation temperature. To comprehend the kinetics of oxidation more clearly, Arrhenius plots were drawn for all the HEA samples and activation energies are calculated.
An absolute human stemness index associated with oncogenic dedifferentiation
Authors: Zheng Hailong , Song Kai , Fu Yelin , You Tianyi , Yang Jing , Guo Wenbing , Wang Kai , Jin Liangliang , Gu Yunyan , Qi Lishuang , Zhao Wenyuan
Published: December 2019

The progression of cancer is accompanied by the acquisition of stemness features. Many stemness evaluation methods based on transcriptional profiles have been presented to reveal the relationship between stemness and cancer. However, instead of absolute stemness index values—the values with certain range—these methods gave the values without range, which makes them unable to intuitively evaluate the stemness. Besides, these indices were based on the absolute expression values of genes, which were found to be seriously influenced by batch effects and the composition of samples in the dataset. Recently, we have showed that the signatures based on the relative expression orderings (REOs) of gene pairs within a sample were highly robust against these factors, which makes that the REO-based signatures have been stably applied in the evaluations of the continuous scores with certain range. Here, we provided an absolute REO-based stemness index to evaluate the stemness. We found that this stemness index had higher correlation with the culture time of the differentiated stem cells than the previous stemness index. When applied to the cancer and normal tissue samples, the stemness index showed its significant difference between cancers and normal tissues and its ability to reveal the intratumor heterogeneity at stemness level. Importantly, higher stemness index was associated with poorer prognosis and greater oncogenic dedifferentiation reflected by histological grade. All results showed the capability of the REO-based stemness index to assist the assignment of tumor grade and its potential therapeutic and diagnostic implications.
Causal network perturbations for instance-specific analysis of single cell and disease samples
Authors: Buschur Kristina L , Chikina Maria , Benos Panayiotis V
Published: December 2019

Motivation

Complex diseases involve perturbation in multiple pathways and a major challenge in clinical genomics is characterizing pathway perturbations in individual samples. This can lead to patient-specific identification of the underlying mechanism of disease thereby improving diagnosis and personalizing treatment. Existing methods rely on external databases to quantify pathway activity scores. This ignores the data dependencies and that pathways are incomplete or condition-specific.

Results

ssNPA is a new approach for subtyping samples based on deregulation of their gene networks. ssNPA learns a causal graph directly from control data. Sample-specific network neighborhood deregulation is quantified via the error incurred in predicting the expression of each gene from its Markov blanket. We evaluate the performance of ssNPA on liver development single-cell RNA-seq data, where the correct cell timing is recovered; and two TCGA datasets, where ssNPA patient clusters have significant survival differences. In all analyses ssNPA consistently outperforms alternative methods, highlighting the advantage of network-based approaches.

Availability and implementation

http://www.benoslab.pitt.edu/Software/ssnpa/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The (negative) impact of supply-side labour market reforms on productivity: an overview of the evidence1
Authors: Kleinknecht Alfred
Published: December 2019

In spite of impressive stories about artificial intelligence or Industry 4.0, the USA, Japan and Western Europe experience a severe productivity crisis since about 2005. This article fills a gap in recent attempts at understanding the productivity crisis, arguing that there is a negative impact of supply-side labour market reforms on innovation and productivity. The negative impact of more flexible labour relations is significant in medium-high and high-tech sectors with a high ‘cumulativeness’ of knowledge, that is if the historical accumulation of firm-specific and often tacit knowledge is important for innovative competencies. In low-tech sectors as well as for high-tech entrepreneurship, where cumulativeness of knowledge is low, there is little or no effect.
Impact of Diet on Risk of IBD
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N
Published: December 2019

Diet is an important factor influencing the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Several recent prospective cohorts have suggested various dietary factors may play a role in modifying the risk of these diseases. These include an inverse association between dietary fiber, fruit or vegetable intake and risk of CD and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and UC. In addition to macro-nutrients, dietary additives such as emulsifiers may also play a role.
Tax Policy, Foreign Direct Investment and Spillover Effects in Africa

1
Authors: Boly Amadou , Coulibaly Seydou , Kéré Eric N
Published: December 2019

Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows are crucial for economic development. To attract them, countries have typically used reductions in corporate income tax (CIT) rates. This paper empirically assesses the impact of such CIT rate changes on FDI net inflows in Africa. Using a dynamic spatial Durbin model with fixed effects, our results show that cuts in CIT rates increase FDI net inflows in the host country and in the neighbouring countries in the short and long run. These results are robust to the use of alternative spatial weighting matrices as well as the inclusion of additional controls in the baseline specification. Furthermore, we find a strategic complementarity in FDI inflows between the countries in our sample, suggesting that an increase in FDI inflows in a host country is likely to stimulate FDI inflows of its neighbours.
Effect of low- and high-protein maternal diets during gestation on reproductive outcomes in the rat: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ajuogu Peter K , Wolden Mitchell , McFarlane James R , Hart Robert A , Carlson Debra J , Van der Touw Tom , Smart Neil A
Published: December 2019

Studies with animal models have consistently demonstrated adverse health outcomes in offspring born following nutritional manipulation during gestation. However, the effects of gestational dietary protein modification on reproductive outcomes at birth are less clear. We, therefore, conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials to determine whether high- or low-protein diets are associated with altered reproductive outcomes in a commonly studied species, the rat. Included studies were identified through a systematic search using electronic databases and manual literature review to identify randomized studies published between June 1972 and March 2019. Thirty-two studies were identified and used to analyze the effects of low- and high-protein gestational diets on litter size, litter weight, gestational weight gain, and gestational feed intake. The results indicate that low-protein diets significantly reduced litter weight (P < 0.00001) and gestational weight gain (P < 0.0006), but did not influence litter size (P = 0.62) or gestational feed intake (P = 0.25). In contrast, high-protein diets were found to reduce gestational feed intake (P = 0.004) but did not influence litter size (P = 0.56), litter weight (P = 0.22), or gestational weight gain (P = 0.35). The results suggest that low but not high-protein gestational diets alter reproductive outcomes at birth in rats.
Targeted Mutations in Xylella fastidiosa Affect Acquisition and Retention by the Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Sengoda Venkatesan G , Shi Xiangyang , Krugner Rodrigo , Backus Elaine A , Lin Hong
Published: December 2019

Xylella fastidiosa (Wells) is a xylem-limited bacterium that causes Pierce’s disease of grapevines. The bacterium is transmitted by insect vectors such as the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar). Experiments were conducted to compare the role of selected X. fastidiosa genes on 1) bacterial acquisition and retention in GWSS foreguts, and 2) transmission to grapevines by GWSS. Bacterial genotypes used were: mutants Xf-ΔpilG, Xf-ΔpilH, Xf-ΔgacA, and Xf-ΔpopP; plus wild type (WT) as control. Results showed that Xf-ΔpilG had enhanced colonization rate and larger numbers in GWSS compared with WT. Yet, Xf-ΔpilG exhibited the same transmission efficiency as WT. The Xf-ΔpilH exhibited poor acquisition and retention. Although initial adhesion, multiplication, and retention of Xf-ΔpilH in GWSS were almost eliminated compared with WT, the mutation did not reduce transmission success in grapevines. Overall, Xf-ΔgacA showed colonization rates and numbers in foreguts similar to WT. The Xf-ΔgacA mutation did not affect initial adhesion, multiplication, and long-term retention compared with WT, and was not significantly diminished in transmission efficiency. In contrast, numbers of Xf-ΔpopP were variable over time, displaying greatest fluctuation from highest to lowest levels. Thus, Xf-ΔpopP had a strong, negative effect on initial adhesion, but adhered and slowly multiplied in the foregut. Again, transmission was not diminished compared to WT. Despite reductions in acquisition and retention by GWSS, transmission efficiency of genotypes to grapevines was not affected. Therefore, in order to stop the spread of X. fastidiosa by GWSS using gene-level targets, complete disruption of bacterial colonization mechanisms is required.
Performing Statehood through Crises: Citizens, Strangers, Territory
Authors: Neumann Iver B , Sending Ole Jacob
Published: December 2019

This article applies the growing International Relations literature on state performance and performativity to the question of how practitioners categorize different kinds of crises. The aim is to add value to the crisis literature by paying more attention to how performances are staged for multiple audiences, how statehood is produced as a collective (as opposed to an individual) body, and how and why one and the same state actor performs statehood in different ways. Drawing on interviews and participant observation, we discuss how one state apparatus, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), performs statehood during different types of crisis. The MFA has institutionalized crisis management in three very different ways, depending on whether it defines the crisis as a security crisis, a humanitarian crisis, or a civilian crisis. Different crises have different audiences, are performed in different repertoires, and produce three different aspects of the state that we name, respectively, caretaking, do-gooding, and sovereignty. Bringing the performativity literature to the study of crises gives us a better understanding of the statecraft that goes into using crises as opportunities to make visible and strengthen the state as a presence in national and global social life. Conversely, our focus on the specificity of various state performances highlights how the performance literature stands to gain from differentiating more clearly between the straightforward performing of practices, on the one hand, and the performing of state identity by means of the same practices, on the other.
Weak, Politicized, Absent: The Anti-Mercenary Norm in Italy and the United Kingdom, 1805–2017
Authors: Casiraghi Matteo C M
Published: December 2019

Addressing the anti-mercenary norm, this article offers an original empirical contribution and a new theoretical framework, where taboo talks, hide-or-justify strategies, and inconsistent behavior define the robustness of a norm. I code and analyze all references to mercenaries and private military companies in the Italian and British parliamentary debates from 1805 to 2017, and I demonstrate that the norm evolves through three critical moments. Between 1805 and 1945, an anti-mercenary moral norm is present to a relevant extent in politicians’ debates, though it does not consistently constrain states’ behavior. The norm is weak. Between 1945 and 1991, anti-mercenary sentiments start to decline, and all discussions about their operations are clearly distorted by Cold War dynamics. The norm is very weak and highly politicized. After 1991, the norm targets security contractors for a brief period, as negative references and moral attacks significantly decrease. The norm disappears.
Pseudoaneurysm of gastroduodenal artery and pulmonary embolism: rare co-incidence of two complications of pancreatitis
Authors: Sgantzou Ioanna Konstantina , Samara Athina A , Diamantis Alexandros , Karagiorgas Georgios P , Zacharoulis Dimitrios , Rountas Christos
Published: December 2019

Preventing and curing complications of acute and chronic pancreatitis, which may be local or systemic, remains a challenge. Pseudocysts and walled-off pancreatic necrosis are two local complications that most frequently require surgical intervention. Two rare complications of pancreatitis are pseudoaneurysms and pulmonary embolism. Angiographic embolization can be the treatment of choice for pseudoaneurysms, while for pulmonary embolism apart from anticoagulation treatment, the optional inferior vena cava filter placement could be useful. As far as we know, in literature, these complications of pancreatitis have never been reported simultaneously yet.
Solar activity cycle of ∼200 yr from mediaeval Korean records and reconstructions of cosmogenic radionuclides
Authors: Chol-jun Kim , Jik-su Kim
Published: December 2019

We have investigated Korean records of naked-eye observations of sunspots and we have found evidence that implies a periodicity of about 200 yr. Adding Chinese records, we show that these historical naked-eye observations of sunspots have a similar periodicity. Recently, some authors have shown that there are no intrinsic periodicities except for the 11-yr cycle. We adopt a new approach called a samplogram to test the sampling stability of cycles in terms of power spectra and difference series. We show that the Suess/de Vries cycle of about 207 yr is a deterministic cycle of stochastic solar activity. Also, we show that occurrences of grand minima are not necessarily expected with the Suess/de Vries cycle and it is possible for double or multiple grand maxima to appear without a grand minimum within them.
Few SINEs of life: Alu elements have little evidence for biological relevance despite elevated translation
Authors: Martinez-Gomez Laura , Abascal Federico , Jungreis Irwin , Pozo Fernando , Kellis Manolis , Mudge Jonathan M , Tress Michael L
Published: December 2019

Transposable elements colonize genomes and with time may end up being incorporated into functional regions. SINE Alu elements, which appeared in the primate lineage, are ubiquitous in the human genome and more than a thousand overlap annotated coding exons. Although almost all Alu-derived coding exons appear to be in alternative transcripts, they have been incorporated into the main coding transcript in at least 11 genes. The extent to which Alu regions are incorporated into functional proteins is unclear, but we detected reliable peptide evidence to support the translation to protein of 33 Alu-derived exons. All but one of the Alu elements for which we detected peptides were frame-preserving and there was proportionally seven times more peptide evidence for Alu elements as for other primate exons. Despite this strong evidence for translation to protein we found no evidence of selection, either from cross species alignments or human population variation data, among these Alu-derived exons. Overall, our results confirm that SINE Alu elements have contributed to the expansion of the human proteome, and this contribution appears to be stronger than might be expected over such a relatively short evolutionary timeframe. Despite this, the biological relevance of these modifications remains open to question.
Artificial, in the Best Sense of the Word
Authors: Kukkonen Karin
Published: December 2019

The chapter outlines the tension between readers’ explorative inferences and the constraints of the text’s probability design. It foregrounds the ways in which the artificial nature of the designed sensory flow of the literary text, as conceived through predictive processing, invites readers to pursue multiple configurations of precision while reading. Furthermore, it suggests that these explorative inferences also account for different reading experiences when readers take up a text multiple times. The chapter then turns to discussions of readers’ horizons of expectation and the hermeneutic circle. In conversation with these earlier models of reader response in historical contexts, the chapter discusses probability designs’ invitation to flexibility, but also the resistance that they offer to readers’ sense-making efforts.
Otto’s Novel
Authors: Kukkonen Karin
Published: December 2019

The chapters that follow propose that probability designs enable a reconceptualisation of literature’s relationship to the world. The specific role of literature in extended cognition (IV.1: Otto’s novel) and in co-evolution of culture and cognition (IV.2) are addressed, and the particular importance of literary form is highlighted (IV.3).
Literature as a Designer Environment
Authors: Kukkonen Karin
Published: December 2019

The chapter asks in what sense literature can be considered a designer environment. It discusses in particular the role that language, narrative, and fiction play in extending cognitive capacities along the model of a co-evolution between culture and cognition. Foundational accounts of co-evolution are reevaluated from the point of view of cultural critique, as the chapter addresses limitations and proposes adjustments for the case of literature. Probability designs are linked to the argument that fiction emerges as texts give form to the imaginary and release the real from referential constraints. Rather than problem solving and parsing of information, cases that are usually discussed for literary designer environments, it is argued, extend thought beyond the everyday in terms of flexibility and reflexiveness.
Arpeggios
Authors: Berg Christopher
Published: December 2019

This chapter offers material for arpeggio study suitable for beginners through advanced players. Arpeggio textures are one of the most commonly used textures in music for the classical guitar, and the number of arpeggio études in the literature reflects this. Material begins with simple right-hand arpeggio patterns that make use of sympathetic movement of the fingers between thumb strokes (that is, the right-hand fingers flex together or in sequence, and no finger moves in the opposite direction during the arpeggio pattern) and continues through increasingly complex patterns involving opposed motion among the fingers (that is, right-hand fingers are used more than once in a pattern between thumb strokes), sometimes in combination with an independent voice played by the thumb. The cultivated study of sympathetic and opposed motion will help guitarists design more fluid and coordinated finger movements to enhance their arpeggio technique.
Melody and Accompaniment
Authors: Berg Christopher
Published: December 2019

This chapter presents material to help students explore playing melody in chordal textures, above an Alberti bass, in an arpeggiated texture, and in single-line playing laced with occasional chords. The uninitiated often view the guitar as a chordal instrument, but technical and interpretive mastery requires the ability to voice any note in any texture at will. Refined and artistic voicing is often difficult for guitarists because the articulation of different parts of a musical texture are divided among the fingers of one hand instead of between two hands, as is often the case on the piano. Karl Leimer acknowledged this difficulty for pianists in 1932, and it holds true for guitarists. The problem is one of right-hand finger independence. Of special interest is the presentation of historical right-hand fingering practices for Alberti bass textures, which are different from those found in modern method books or assumed by modern players.
The Unity of Action
Authors: Schwenkler John
Published: December 2019

This chapter discusses the argument of Sections 19-27 of G.E.M. Anscombe’s Intention. It begins by considering Anscombe’s arguments that action is not intentional because of an “extra feature” of the agent, and that the concept of intentional action, as something to which a special sense of “Why?” can be given application, depends on the possibility of expressing intention for the future and describing one’s further intentions in acting. The chapter then considers Anscombe’s treatment of these last two concepts, showing how they yield a rich account of action as a teleological unity. Consideration is paid to the difference between Anscombe’s account of the unity of action and that of Donald Davidson. Finally, Anscombe’s account of the distinction between intention and foresight is discussed, with particular attention to the way that foreseen consequences stand in a different relation of dependency to an action than things that a person brings about intentionally.
Concluding Discussion
Authors: Schwenkler John
Published: December 2019

This chapter discusses the argument of Sections 49-52 of G.E.M. Anscombe’s Intention. It begins by considering her account of the relation between intentional and voluntary action. Following this, the chapter considers Anscombe’s closing treatment of the concept of intention for the future, emphasizing her view that intention is expressed in a statement about what is going to happen, and considering how her discussion of this position mirrors elements in Wittgenstein’s discussion of Moore’s paradox.
The New Politics of Olympos
Authors: Brumbaugh Michael
Published: December 2019

The New Politics of Olympos offers the first in-depth analysis of Kallimachos’ only fully extant poetry book, the Hymns, by examining its contemporary political setting, engagement with a tradition of political thought stretching back to Homer, and portrayal of the poet as an image-maker for the king. In addition to investigating the political dynamics in the individual hymns, this book details how the poet’s six hymns, once juxtaposed within a single bookroll, constitute a macro-narrative on the prerogatives of Ptolemaic kingship. Throughout the collection Kallimachos refigures the infamously factious divine family as a paradigm of stability and good governance in concert with the self-fashioning of the Ptolemaic dynasty. At the same time, the poet defines the characteristics and behaviors worthy of praise, effectively shaping contemporary political ethics. Thus, for a Ptolemaic reader, this poetry book may have served as an education in and inducement to good kingship.
The Poetics of Praise in the Hymn to Zeus
Authors: Brumbaugh Michael
Published: December 2019

This chapter further examines how Kallimachos depicts the poet and the praise he crafts as essential to kingship. It argues that the hymn’s lengthy narrative detailing Rhea’s postpartum search for a stream in the Hymn to Zeus is a metaphor for the poet’s own aporia, the sense of not knowing how to proceed, which he highlights in the hymn’s opening frame. In his narrative Kallimachos uses intertextual markers to contrast Arkadia with the landscape of the Theogony proem, where Zeus’ praises are abundant, and his reign is guaranteed. Drawing on the metaphor of water as poetry, Kallimachos casts Rhea’s search for a stream in which to bathe Zeus as analogous with the narrator-poet’s own search for the praises with which he will shower his honorand. In this way, Kallimachos makes three subtle assertions: true praise is difficult to come by; it is extremely important to kingship; and he is expert in crafting it.
On the Good Queen
Authors: Brumbaugh Michael
Published: December 2019

This chapter examines the ways in which Kallimachos creates a new ideology of queenship in the four hymns dedicated to goddesses. He explicitly likens Artemis, Athena, and Demeter to the ideal king embodied by Zeus and Apollo in his earlier hymns. Moreover, Kallimachos crafts their identities as queens in dialogue with a discourse about the role of royal women emerging at the Ptolemaic court in conjunction with Arsinoë II’s return to Egypt in the mid-270s. The poet rehabilitates the image of the queen, distancing his goddesses from the stereotype of the jealous wife who stirs up court intrigue and threatens to undermine dynasties. Following a discussion of the early development of Ptolemaic queenship, it examines the Hymn to Artemis, Bath of Pallas, and Hymn to Demeter, demonstrating how their honorands resolve stasis within the household, successfully negotiate relationships of charis and philia, and promote peace. Likewise, it discusses how each goddess appears as an arbiter of justice within a narrative of transgression and punishment. It concludes by returning to the depiction of Hera in the Hymn to Delos as a caricature of the bad queen whose farcically cruel behavior reinforces the image of the good queen by contrast.
Conclusion
Authors: Brumbaugh Michael
Published: December 2019

The conclusion of The New Politics of Olympos sets the arguments developed throughout the book in the context of praise rhetoric and suggests further ways in which Kallimachos’ poetry book may have shaped its readers’ views on what constitutes good rule. In particular, it examines the potential impact of the Hymns on a Ptolemaic reader for whom the book might serve as an education in and inducement to good kingship. This speculation is bolstered by comparison with Hermokles’ hymn for Demetrios Poliorketes as well as the literary trope of the speculum regis (“king’s mirror”). Finally, the conclusion examines Kallimachos’ didactic presentation of Erysichthon, whose transgression and punishment is the subject of the Hymn to Demeter. Such edifying moments throughout the Hymns incentivize good kingship and gently admonish its opposite.
Appalling Bodies
Authors: Marchal Joseph A.
Published: December 2019

The letters of Paul are among the most commonly cited biblical texts in ongoing cultural and religious disputes about gender, sexuality, and embodiment. This book reframes these uses of the letters by reaching past Paul toward other, far more fascinating figures that appear before, after, and within the letters: androgynous females, castrated males, enslaved people, and barbaric foreigners. Each of these ancient figures deployed in these letters is situated within a specifically Roman imperial setting, an ambiance that cast them as complicated, debased, and dangerous. While the letters repeat and reinscribe the prevailing perspectives on this constellation of embodied figures, this project repositions them by implementing key insights from queer studies. In juxtaposing them against more recent figures of gender and sexual variation, also subject to vilification and marginalization, this project provides a series of alternative angles on these figures and the assemblies who spark and receive these letters, then or now. In staging a series of “touches across time,” Appalling Bodies defamiliarizes and reorients what can be known about both the historical figures active in these ancient communities and those rhetorical figures that continue to be activated in contemporary settings. The aim is not to claim, anachronistically, that these figures are somehow identical to each other; rather, it is through anachronistic juxtaposition that the book highlights contingent connections—partial, particular, but shared practices of gender, sexuality, and embodiment that depart from prevailing perspectives and demonstrate a range of unexpected impacts for the interpretation of politically and religiously loaded literature.