bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Toughness of High-Strength Steel Weld Metals
Authors:   American Welding Society, DAI TAO , FENG ZHILI , KYLE DOUGLAS , DAVID S. A. , SEBECK KATHERINE M. , TZELEPIS DEMETRIOS A. , VIEAU KATHERINE , ROGERS MATTHEW
Published: May 2022

Low-temperature phase transformation (LTPT) welding consumables are a new class of welding wires developed to mitigate hydrogen-induced cracking in the welding of high-strength steels without preheating or postweld heat treatment. LTPT weld metals have a high strength, but their toughness needs further investigation. LTPT weld metals predominately contain a martensite microstructure, which is necessary to achieve high strength; however, martensitic weld metals containing oxide inclusions have relatively poor toughness. Three welding processes — gas metal arc welding (GMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), and hot wire GTAW — were investigated. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopes, and transmission electron microscopes were employed for characterization. The role of the shielding gas in the formation of oxide inclusions in LTPT weld metals was investigated. The formation of oxide inclusions in the weld metals was related to the CO2 in the shielding gas. When 100% Ar or a pure inert shielding gas mixture was used for all three welding processes, oxide inclusions were greatly reduced, and the weld metal toughness improved considerably, matching the base metal toughness. The mechanism by which inclusions promote fracture propagation in the weld metal was proposed.
Ductile Braze Repairs for Ni-Based Superalloys Using Novel MPEA Filler Metal
Authors:   American Welding Society, SCHNEIDERMAN BENJAMIN , DENONNO OLIVIA , KLEMM-TOOLE JONAH , YU ZHENZHEN
Published: May 2022

The performance of a newly developed multiprincipal-element alloy (MPEA) filler metal for brazing of nickel-based superalloys was directly compared to a conventional boron- and silicon-suppressed filler (BSSF) metal. The comparison was demonstrated on an Alloy 600 substrate with a brazing temperature of 1200°C. Single-phase solidification behavior and the absence of boron and silicon in the MPEA led to a joint microstructure devoid of eutectic constituents or brittle phases in brazes employing this filler metal. In the brazes using the conventional BSSF metal, incomplete isothermal solidification and subsequent athermal solidification of the residual liquid resulted in large particles of a chromium-rich boride phase distributed throughout the microstructure. Tensile testing of brazed butt joints at both room temperature and 600°C testing conditions demonstrated that the MPEA joints exhibited total ductility values at least one order of magnitude greater than that of BSSF joints, but they showed comparable yield strengths in both testing conditions. Fractographic assessment confirmed that boride phases nucleated cracks and resulted in brittle failure in the BSSF joints, while the MPEA joints exhibited extensive ductile microvoid coalescence. Fine-scale porosity and oxide inclusions may be the dominant factors limiting the overall ductility observed in the MPEA brazes.
The Effects of Postweld Processing on Friction Stir Welded, Additive Manufactured AlSi10Mg
Authors:   American Welding Society, EFF MICHAEL , SHIPLEY DREW , HACK HARVEY , SHIRA SETH
Published: May 2022

Given the limited build volumes for most current additive manufacturing (AM) machines, a method for taking advantage of the unique capabilities offered by AM while combining it with traditional manufacturing methods is needed. Welding of AM-produced components is a solution to this challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using friction stir welding (FSW) to join AlSi10Mg melted with laser powder bed fusion (PBF-L) and examine the effects of postweld heat treatment (HT) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on overall joint quality and mechanical performance. Samples were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, hardness testing, and tensile testing. Examination of the samples that underwent a postweld annealing HT revealed cracking along the stir zone and the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) boundary. Examination of the crack revealed evidence of liquation near single-phase silicon precipitates in the TMAZ despite the annealing temperature being 27°C (81°F) below the solidus temperature of the material according to the material specification. Using a calculated pseudobinary phase diagram of AlSi10Mg, the annealing HT was determined to be in the partial liquation regime for AlSi10Mg. The voids and crack formation mechanisms were determined to be caused by constitutional liquation coupled with the unique TMAZ microstructure and stress state. The as-welded and HIP coupons were void and defect free, and FSW was determined to be a feasible method of joining PBF-L aluminum alloys with minimal knockdown in tensile strength.
Metallurgical Design Rules for High-Strength Steel Weld Metals
Authors:   American Welding Society, SAMPATH KRISHNA
Published: May 2022

A review of a dilatometric analysis of selected Fe-C-Mn high-strength steel shielded metal arc weld metals showed that balanced Ti, B, Al, O, and N additions reduced the austenite-to-ferrite transformation-start (TS) temperature. These microalloy additions must match the following aim levels for composition control: Ti at 400 ppm (0.04 wt-%), B at 40 ppm (0.004 wt-%), Al at 200 ppm (0.020 wt-%), O at 400 ppm (0.04 wt-%), and N preferably below 80 ppm (0.008 wt-%) to ensure effective deoxidation, form complex inclusions, and distribute them to enable development of highly fracture-resistant refined weld metal microstructures. It may be wiser to avoid the rich and lean ends for these microalloy additions, except N, which should be held at the lean end, preferably much below 80 ppm (0.008 wt-%). The balanced Ti, B, Al, O, and N additions offered nearly a 100°C shift in lowering the Charpy V-notch (CVN) test temperature for either 28 or 100 J absorbed energy. Dilatometric evaluations of reheated weld metals showed that 1) the balanced Ti, B, Al, O, and N additions lowered the actual TS temperature by about 60°C compared to the calculated austenite-to-ferrite transformation temperature obtained from the constitutional equation; 2) N with more than 100 ppm (0.010 wt-%) effectively nullified the beneficial effects of Ti, B, and Al additions in lowering the transformation temperature; and 3) at N content much below 80 ppm (0.008 wt-%), both a lower TS temperature and a narrow start-to-finish (TS–Tf) temperature range helped in achieving exceptional weld metal CVN impact toughness.
Pemanfaatan Argumen dalam Teks Diskusi pada BSE Bahasa Indonesia Kelas IX SMP: Media Pengembangan Kreativitas
Authors: Anggraini Dwi , Syafi'i Imam
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the use of the arguments contained in the discussion text in the BSE Indonesian Language textbook for class IX SMP, both in supporting and challenging arguments. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with content analysis method. Sources of data in this study are a number of discussion texts contained in the discussion text material in the BSE Indonesian Language textbook for class XI SMP. The results of this study indicate that the supporting and challenging arguments in the discussion text 1 under the title "Recycling for a Green Lifestyle" have a good rating category in the completeness of the content and pouring out the problems/issues discussed. Meanwhile, in supporting and challenging arguments, discussion text 2 under the title “Awareness of Paying Taxes” has a very good assessment in the completeness of the content and discussion of the problems/issues discussed. So that this discussion text book is able to become a learning material that can increase the creativity of students in utilizing the arguments described in the discussion text.Keywords: Discussion Text, Supporting Arguments, Challenging Arguments
SOCIAL INJUSTICE IN A NOVEL ANAK GEMBALA YANG TERTIDUR PANJANG DI AKHIR ZAMAN KARYA A. MUSTAFA
Authors: Septiani Eris
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan ketidakadilan sosial yang terdapat dalam novel Anak Gembala Yang Tertidur Panjang Di Akhir Zaman Karya A. Mustafa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan data-data berupa ketidakadikan sosial dalam novel Anak Gembala Yang Tertidur Panjang Di Akhir Zaman Karya A. Mustafa, kemudian disusul dengan analisis data. Dalam hal ini, data dalam penelitian ini berupa kata-kata tertulis bukan berpa angka. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatakan sosiologi sastra di mana pendekatan sosiologi sastra itu sendiri mempermasalahkan karya sastra itu sendiri. Adapun teknik pengumpulan daya dengan pembacaan, pencatatan, serta analisis paragraf berupa kata, frasa dan kalimat di dalam novel. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa novel Anak Gembala Yang Tertidur Panjang Di Akhir Zaman Karya A. Mustafa telah menggambarkan segala unsur ketidakadilan sosial pada kelompok tertentu dalam tinjauan sosiologi sastra. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa; Strereotip, Marginalisasi, Subordinasi, Dominasi, dan Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM).Keywords: Ketidakadilan, Sosial, Sosiologi Sastra, A.Mustafa
THE NEED ANALYSIS OF LEARNING ASSESMENT MODULE WITH LEARNING CYCLE 7E MODEL
Authors: Yulianti Uki Hares
Published: May 2022

Model learning cycle 7E merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran yang berlandaskan pada pandangan konstruktivisme. Dalam meningkatkan kemampuan belajar peserta didik secara optimal dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan materi dan serangkaian tugas dengan menggunakan modul sehingga peserta didik dapat belajar secara mandiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan prosedur penelitian Research and Development (penelitian dan pengembangan) dari Borg dan Gall (1983:775–776) dengan tahap: (a) research and information collecting, (b) planning, (c) develop preliminary form of product, (d) preliminary field testing,(e) main product revision, (f) main field testing, (g) operational product revision, (h) operational field testing, (i) operational product revision, (j) operational field testing (k) final product revision, dan (l) dissemination and implementation. Upaya kebutuhan penelitian ini disesuaikan dengan tujuan dan kondisi penelitian yang sebenarnya. Hasil observasi, wawancara, pengisian angket, dan FGD (Focus Group Discusion). Hasil dari penelitian: menghasilkan analisis kebutuhan modul evaluasi Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dengan model Pembelajaran Learning Cycle 7E yaitu (Elicit, Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate, dan Extend) (Elicit, Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate, dan Extend). Analisis yang dilakukan menghasilkan mahasiswa dan dosen membutuhkan modul evaluasi pembelajaran bahasa dan sastra Indonesia dengan model pembelajaran learning cycle 7E yang disesuaikan dengan kelayakan isi, kelayakan bahasa, kelayakan penyajian, dan kelayakan kegrafikaanKeywords: Modul, Evaluasi Pembelajaran, Learning Cycle, Analisis
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL CURRENCY ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Mishchenko Volodymyr , Naumenkova Svitlana
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the paper is to study the specifics of the organization of issue and circulation of digital money by central banks, to summarize existing global expe-rience and assess the potential impact of digital currencies on the conditions of monetary policy, the functioning of the mechanism of money transmission and ensuring financial stability through the implementation of sound decisions of cen-tral banks in the digitalization of finance. Methodology. The study is based on an analysis of the scientific literature and points of view of foreign and domestic ex-perts in the field of digital technology. It is also based on the experience of the European Central Bank, the People's Bank of China, the Bank of England, the Bank of Israel and the National Bank of Ukraine on the implementation of pilot projects for the issue and use of digital currencies, quantitative and qualitative assessment of the impact of new forms of money on monetary policy, the func-tioning of the transmission mechanism, state finance, efficiency of payment sys-tems and payment transactions. In processing the material of the article used a set of general scientific and special methods of research, such as dialectical, his-torical-logical, system-functional and analytical approaches, generalization, scien-tific abstraction and others. The results of the study showed that the proposed digital currencies of central banks should be considered as a new high-tech dema-terialized form of national fiat money. Having summarized the impact of the issue and circulation of digital money by central banks on the main parameters of eco-nomic policy, it can be argued that their use will lead to significant changes in the structure and functions of commercial and central banks, as well as existing na-tional and transnational payment systems. The issuance and circulation of digital currency can significantly affect the nature of central banks' monetary policy, the conditions under which the monetary transmission mechanism functions, and the implementation of fiscal policy. Practical implications. The study revealed the main advantages and disadvantages of using centralized and decentralized models of issue and circulation of digital money by central banks, identified the direc-tions of institutional changes in the development of the banking system and the implementation of monetary policy in a digitalized economy, which will provide a high level of control over all monetary transactions of market players. Val-ue/originality. Using the experience of pilot projects on the issue and circulation of digital currencies of central banks will help to improve the effectiveness of monetary policy, to activate the mechanism of monetary transmission, to ensure the stable functioning of the financial system and reduce the level of shadow economy and corruption.
INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES AND DYNAMICS OF PRODUCT COMPETITIVENESS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Pustovoit Oleh
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this article is to theoretically clarify the content of the concept of "competitiveness", to summarize the main results of institutional reforms in Ukraine, to test approaches to a more accurate macroeconomic assessment of the dynamics of competitiveness of major domestic commodity groups and technological complexity of foreign trade. Methodology. The article proposes to consider the concept of "competitiveness" as the level of compliance of goods (services) with consumer preferences of market participants. This conceptual position is used to interpret the basic competitiveness of large product groups and determine methods for its evaluation. The results of the assessment of the methodology and technique showed that in 2017-2019 the basic competitiveness of Ukrainian exports gradually increased, but in its composition the shares of certain types of raw materials and products of their shallow processing increased. At the same time, the competitiveness of consumer and investment products in the domestic market decreased and was gradually replaced by imported analogues. These trends suggest that Ukraine is selling more raw materials on international markets and producing fewer goods of higher technological sophistication with innovative or higher quality characteristics. Despite this, Ukraine's specialization in the global economy remains economically justified and effective. However, in the long run, this position of Ukraine is socially undesirable, as it holds back the development of the economy and throws it to the margins of technological progress. Practical implications. It is substantiated that, despite institutional changes, Ukraine has not approached the goal of increasing the level of competitiveness of products of high technological complexity, which have a relatively large share of added value. Value/originality. The study uses the dynamics of macroeconomic competitiveness of large commodity groups as a criterion of the effectiveness of institutional reforms in the country.
METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF INTERFERENCES IN WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Dudnik Аndriy , Usachenko Olexandr ,   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Ukraine
Published: May 2022

The subject of the latest research is wireless security, which remains a major issue in LANs around the world. While wireless networks offer convenience and flexibility, they also increase network vulnerability. Security threats such as unauthorized access, denial of service attacks, IP and MAC address spoofing, session theft, and eavesdropping can be problems for WLANs. To counter these threats, various standard authentication and encryption methods are combined with other access control mechanisms. These protocols, devices and methods combine to provide a WLAN level of security equal to or even greater than that of a wired LAN. The methods and technologies used in WLAN security in relation to this study include: Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP). An older encryption standard used to eliminate security threats. WEP secures the WLAN by encrypting transmitted information so that only receivers with the correct encryption key can decrypt the information; WPA / WPA2 (Secure WI-FI Access). Improvement of WEP by introducing the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP). Even when using RC4 encryption, TKIP uses a temporary encryption key that is regularly updated, making it difficult to steal. In addition, data integrity has been improved by using a more robust hashing mechanism; Wireless Intrusion Prevention Systems / Intrusion Detection Systems. Intrusion Detection and Prevention focuses on the radio frequency layers. This includes radio scanning to detect rogue access points or ad hoc networks for network access control. Advanced implementations are able to visually represent the network area along with potential threats and have automatic classification capabilities so that threats can be easily identified. The purpose of the study is to identify existing wireless sensor networks (WSNs) penetration methods by analyzing their methods of communication with each other, hardware and software for reliability and resistance to possible threats.
PROBLEMS OF OPERATIONAL AND RESEARCH COUNTERFEIT OF USER-VIOLENT CRIMES AND SOME WAYS OF SOLVING THEM
Authors:   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Ukraine, Teliychuk Vitaliy , Karpovsky Sergey ,   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Ukraine
Published: May 2022

This article is devoted to the problems of operativeinvestigative counteraction to mercenary-violent crimes by operative subdivisions of the National Police of Ukraine, in particular, -violent crimes as a way to detect criminal activity of persons who may commit mercenaryviolent crimes of the called. Analyzing the views of scholars, it is noted that the selfish motive of the crime lies in the immoral desire to satisfy either an individual need through illegal, criminal law seizure of another’s property or not belonging to the guilty property rights or by illegal, at the expense of others exemption from property duties and reduction personal expenses that became necessary. The operative-search characteristic of mercenaryviolent crimes is determined, its constituent clements are characterized. It is emphasized that the method of committing the crime is a «central» element of operational and investigative and forensic characteristics. The methods of committing mercenary violent crimes are identified, which are divided into four groups: the method of committing mercenary violent crimes against life and health (murder for mercenary motives and contract killing); the method of committing mercenary violent crimes against property (robbery, robbery, extortion) is the illegal seizure of another’s property by using or threatening to use violence; the method of committing mercenary violent crimes against public safety (banditry) (Article 257 of the Criminal Code) is that banditry is a separate type of joint criminal activity, specific manifestations of which in this case is the organization of an armed gang and participation in it or its attack; the manner in which other mercenary violent crimes are committed, in particular illegal possession of a vehicle, unlawful deprivation of liberty or kidnapping, consists in intentional acts aimed at taking possession of a vehicle and a person, respectively, by force and for selfish motives. It is determined that one of the essential elements of the above activity is the process of establishing the involvement of the same group in several unsolved mercenary violent crimes, which means a purposeful set of actions of the operational apparatus to find a system of signs that indicate the commission of crimes referral by one criminal group. The authors made logical conclusions and proposed proposals to improve the efficiency of operational units of the National Police of Ukraine to prevent, stop, detect, detect and investigate this socially dangerous act.
Occurrence of vaginal candidiasis among female students of Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State
Authors: Austin Achinike Okwelle  , Adeline Kelivin Bara-Hart
Published: May 2022

Vaginal disorders such as bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and Chlamydia trachomatis infections are common among women of reproductive age, occurring with high prevalence during pregnancy. This study investigated the incidences of vaginal candidiasis among female students in Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt between Julys to September, 2021. A total population of 150 female students was used with their full consent. High vaginal swab (HVS) and endocervical swab (ES) samples was collected from each of the participating female students. The swab samples were separately inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated aerobically at 37 °C for 48 hours. An overall prevalence of 38(25.3%) out of 150 female students that were sampled was observed. Out of 50 females sampled from each of the three Hostels, the highest frequency was recorded in Hostel A with 18(36%), followed by Stella Hostel with 12(24%) and the least was in Salvation Hostel with 8(6%) cases. The results revealed that students between the age range of 21-24 were more infected with the yeast with 18(36%), while those in the age range of 17-20 and 25-28 showed the same level of prevalence of 20%.The outcome of this study indicated involvement of Candida species in vulvo-vaginitis among female students of the institution. Sex-education workshops should be conducted to enlighten the female students on the clinical implications of Candida albicans in the development of vulvo-vaginal candidiasis.
A review of approaches in computer-aided drug design in drug discovery
Authors: Sachin S Padole  , Alpana J Asnani  , Dinesh R Chaple  , Soumya G Katre
Published: May 2022

The process of discovering and developing a new medication is often seen as a lengthy and expensive endeavors. As a result, computer-aided drug design methods are now frequently utilized to improve the efficiency of the drug discovery and development process. Various CADD approaches are regarded as potential techniques based on their needs; nevertheless, structure-based drug design and ligand-based drug design approaches are well-known as highly efficient and powerful strategies in drug discovery and development. Both of these approaches may be used in conjunction with molecular docking to conduct virtual screening for the purpose of identifying and optimizing leads. In recent years, computational tools have become increasingly popular in the pharmaceutical industry and academic fields as a means of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the drug discovery and development pipeline. In this post, we'll go over computational methods, which are a creative way of discovering new leads and assisting in drug discovery and development research.
Targeting the endocannabinoid system in the treatment of addiction disorders
Authors: David A Dawson  , Clare P Persad
Published: May 2022

This disquisition provides historical context illustrating the psychosocial, political, and bureaucratic barriers to applying a biomolecular approach to substance use disorders, focusing on what are arguably the most stigmatized molecules in America. It provides a biomolecular treatment strategy designed to mitigate multiple types of addiction by influencing the dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters’ activity through phytocannabinoid supplementation of the endocannabinoid system and proposes a strategy for circumventing the bureaucratic obstacles.
Medicinal plants with lactogenic effect: A review
Authors: Ali Esmail Al-Snafi
Published: May 2022

Milk production is essential for optimal feeding of infants. The most common lactogenic drugs are dopamine 2 antagonists, oxytocin, recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST), thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and estrogenic drugs. However, many medicinal plants possess lactogenic effects in humans and animals. The current review focused on medicinal plants with lactogenic effect as natural sources of galactogogues characterized by efficacy and safety.
Acute toxicity and effect of subacute administration of "4 heures du matin" bitters on anthropometric and hematological parameters in Wistar rats
Authors: Gérard Kouassi Kouassi  , Léandre Kouakou Kouakou  , Jean-Baptiste N’Guessan Oussou  , François Djah Malan  , Paul Angoué Yapo
Published: May 2022

"Bitters" are macerations of medicinal plants in alcohol, widely consumed for various reasons. Despite their high consumption, there is little scientific data on their safety/toxicity profile. Therefore, this study aims to assess the acute toxicity and the effect of subacute administration of "4 heures du matin” bitters, consumed to correct erectile dysfunction. The acute toxicity tests were conducted on female rats with the equivalent of 17 or 22 cups corresponding to doses of 1190 and 1540 ml/kg bw. Clinical signs of toxicity and animal death were assessed. For the subacute toxicity study, 70 rats including 35 females and 35 males divided into 3 groups were used. The group 1 rats received orally distilled water. Those in groups 2 and 3, subdivided into 3 subgroups each, received the respective doses of 140; 280 and 420 ml/kg bw of “koutoukou” and “4 heures du matin” bitters daily for 28 days. The body weight of the rats was weekly assessed. Blood samples were taken for hematological analysis. The results of acute toxicity study showed clinical signs of toxicity in rats. "4 heures du matin" bitters caused mortalities ranging from 40 to 60% of the total number of rats. The anthropometric study showed a non-significant increase in the weight of experimental rats. At the haematological level, a significant increase (p<0.001) in MCHC levels and a significant drop in hematocrit percentages was highlighted in male rats gavaged with “koutoukou”. On the leukocyte, the solutions did not induce significant changes in both sexes of rats. The “4 heures du matin” bitters can be considered relatively safe for low-dose consumption in a short period. However, the long-term and high-dose consumption of this bitter poses a huge risk and harmful effect that could compromise the health of consumers.
Properties of some bee products (pollen, roe milk and bee venom), apitherapy and their effects on Covid-19
Authors: Arzu ODUNKIRAN  , Memnune ŞENGÜL  , Seda UFUK
Published: May 2022

The new type of coronavirus infection (COVID-19), caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a world pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome. In addition to drug and vaccine studies for COVID-19, studies on various foods maintain to increase immunity and alternative treatment, and in this context, bee products are also being researched. Although many studies are showing that bee products have antimicrobial properties and immune-enhancing effects, there are limited studies on the effectiveness of these products against coronavirus. Some peptides in royal jelly are reported to be potent antibacterial and antifungal agents that may be beneficial for avoiding co-infections in COVID-19 patients. Positive results have been found Pollen, a fine and powder-like substance produced by flowering plants and collected by bees, in many studies investigating the effects of pollen on health such as antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory. Bee venom; It is a yellowish-colored, bitter-sweet, pungent-smelling substance that is produced in the venom sac of bees, normally in liquid form, but dries up and crystallizes after contact with air. Melittin, the primary component of bee venom having more than 40 biologically and pharmacologically active compounds including phospholipase A2, histamine, epinephrine, free amino acids, peptide and apamin, has been stated to have antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) secreted from bee and snake venom is known to have strong anti-HIV activities. Melittin, phosphorylase A2 and hyaluronidan, which are the most significant components of bee venom, constitute 50% of bee venom. Moreover, researches on the relationship between bee venom and COVID-19 are limited. The target of this review is to bring together the studies on the health effects of royal jelly, bee pollen and bee venom, and to contribute to the existing studies.
Legal protection of KSPPS members in the use of the exoneration clause in Central Java
Authors: Arifin Moh. , Maskur Ali , Noor Afif
Published: May 2022

Legal protection for members of the Cooperative for Savings Loans and Sharia Financing (KSPPS) is important to protect the rights of cooperative members in accordance with Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. In loans practices, KSPPS often uses a standard agreement which includes an exoneration clause for time effectiveness and efficiency. However, the use of a standard agreement that contains an exoneration clause is more beneficial to the KSPPS and disadvantages the cooperative members as consumers because as a member of the consumer cooperative they do not have the opportunity to negotiate the contents of the standard agreement and must forcefully agree on the standard agreement so that the financing application he submits is granted by KSPPS.This research is an empirical juridical study with a conceptual and statutory approach using qualitative analysis. This research was conducted at KSPPS in Central Java by taking samples from five districts / cities based on residency areas. The results of this study indicate that the standard agreement containing the exoneration clause is still often used by KSPPS, therefore it is necessary to disseminate information to cooperative managers and cooperative members in order to minimize the use of standard agreements containing exoneration clauses so that the rights of the parties can be fulfilled and avoid elements of defects of will which is contrary to the principles in the agreement.
The construction of Islamic law benefit in the perspective of progressive law
Authors: Rozihan Rozihan
Published: May 2022

The law is applied is to reach the benefit of the object subject to the law. The concept of benefit discussed by the scholars of the past up to the time of Al-Syatibi, is the concept of theocentric benefit, namely benefit based on the text, so that the intended benefit must be in accordance with the wishes of the legislators (maqsud al-Syar'i). Based on this, the concept of theocentric benefits must be formulated into anthropocentric benefits. Namely, benefit based on the desire and goodness of the object of law (maqsud al-mukallaf). The progressive law, which is a law that is not bound by the law or in other words the law based on conscience. So, through this progressive law will be able to realize the benefit for the joint.
Sacrificing Catfish as Marriage Tradition in Indonesia in �Urf Perspective
Authors: Rabbany Muhammad Iqbal Mahbub , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: May 2022

The paper examines the Indonesian community's marriage tradition in Yogyakarta, the-so-called Mbeleh Lele (sacrificing catfish), which has been implemented for several generations. This marriage tradition requires a couple who will marry to slaughter a pair of catfish beforethe ceremony of a marriage contract. This empirical legal research uses the socio-legal approach with the interview as primary data and related books as secondary data. This study applies a descriptive analysis method with the �urf (Islamic theory of tradition) as the tool of analysis. Finally, the research shows that the Yogyakarta community's views towards Mbeleh Lele Tradition are divided intotwo types: prominent leader and general people. The prominentleaders firmly believe that there will be a negative effect if the tradition is not implemented. Meanwhile, the general people say that they obey the culture when they experience the adverse effect. In the �urf perspective, the Mbeleh Lele tradition can be categorized as the �urf sahih (correct tradition) because it meets the required condition.
The Effect of Masalikul 'Illat in the Determination of Islamic Law in Indonesia
Authors: Tanjung Dhiauddin Tanjung
Published: May 2022

Dalam penetapan hukum Islam, penentuan illat hukum memiliki peranan yang cukup signifikan. illat hukum adalah sesuatu yang dipahami dan dijadikan ulama sebagai dasar untuk menentukan dan menetapkan ada atau tidak adanya hukum. Karena itu, masalikul illat (metode pencarian dan penentuan illat hukum) harus dilakukan dengan baik dan maksimal. Dalam pemilihan masalikul illat Ulama memiliki cara pandang yang berbeda, sehingga memiliki pengaruh penetapan hukum Islam menjadi tidak sama. Puasa Arafah dan wuquf di Padang Arafah merupakan peristiwa yang sering dikaitkan dalam penetapan hukum syari�at puasa terutama pada zona wilyah yang jauh dari Mekah, karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu illat hukum dalam penetapan syari�at puasa Arafah, apakah keduanya memiliki keterkaitan yang sama. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang bersumber yuridis normatif dan disesuaikan dengan zona mathla� wilayah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penentuan masalikul illat hukum syari�at puasa �Arafah memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penetapan dan pelaksanaan hukum puasa �Arafah di seluruh dunia (terutama wilayah yang jauh koordinatnya dari Mekah). Jika �illat hukum yang ditentukan adalah wuquf di padang �Arafah maka wilayah yang jauh dari Mekah sekalipun waktunya sudah malam maka syari�at puasa �Arafah telah berlaku, namun bila illat hukum yang ditentukan adalah tanggal 9 Zulhijjah, maka syari�at puasa �Arafah berlaku sesuai dengan penentuan waktu/tanggal di wilayah tersebut.
al-Taswîq Muta'addid al-Mustawayât al-Mustawayât fî Daw al-Maqâsîd al-Shar'iyyah al-Khâssah bi al-Mâl
Authors: Abdullah Rais , Adawiyah Rabiatul , Gafur Abdul
Published: May 2022

Multilevel marketing is a new case that is not found in the legal explanation of the Al-qur’ān or in the sunnah; to determine the law, the moslem scholars have “ijtihād” by using various approaches, both economic approaches and fiqh approaches. Because of the different points of view they use, the legal provisions produced vary; some forbid, and others allow. This study seeks to highlight multilevel marketing from the perspective of Maqāṣid syari’a relating to property, this study is carried out using qualitative analytical descriptive methods and is based on literature. The significance of this study is because it bases its discussion on maqāṣid syari’a, which is a discipline that reveals the wisdom, and the ultimate goal of a rule set by God for humans. The results of the study confirm that multilevel marketing in practice violates the principles of maqāṣid syari’a relating to property; therefore, this study strengthens the opinion that prohibits the practice of multilevel marketing in economic Activities
Thesaurus di Linguistica Educativa: guida, testi, video
Authors: Balboni Paolo E.
Published: May 2022

When a scholar comes to the end of his or her professional life as a researcher, most of the ideas he or she contributed along the years are scattered in journals and libraries, and most of it is out of print and unavailable. No one apart from the researcher him or herself knows all that he or she has produced, and which among the ideas he or she contributed are original and innovative – or were so when they were published.
At this point of his or her professional life a scholar can make a synthesis – and may move from the impersonal pronoun ‘we’ used by researchers to the subject ‘I’, thus taking up responsibility for what he or she stated and states. ICT provides an efficient setting to do so: a collection of videos, a text to guide the viewer through them, a collection of PDF essays for further reading.
The result is this Thesaurs of Educational Linguistics, which is available in the Phaidra repository: https://phaidra.cab.unipd.it/o:461216.
3 • La glottodidattica umanistica: fondamenti
Authors: Balboni Paolo E.
Published: May 2022

Come studioso sono cresciuto negli anni Settanta-Ottanta, quindi in piena temperie ‘umanistica’, che negli anni Novanta porterà al humanistic language teaching, in cui humanistic ingloba i significati di human (basato sulle caratteristiche degli esseri umani) e humane (un processo umano, rispettoso della dignità umana).
Il mio contributo è stato nel rafforzare e diffondere una scuola di glottodidattica umanistica (impostata in Italia da Giovanni Freddi e Renzo Titone, i miei maestri), su cui mi ero formato a UCLA nel 1981 e NYU nel 1986: scuola portata avanti con me da Gianfranco Porcelli e Bona Cambiaghi, e poi da tutta la Scuola Veneziana (su questo gruppo, si vedano i saggi del 2010 e del 2015).
Covid-19 as a catalyst of asymmetric bilateralism: ASEM’s vulnerable position and economic salience as a saviour of the EU-Asia multilateral relations
Authors: MERCHÁN JAVIER MARTÍN , PEÑA LAURA PAÍNO
Published: May 2022

The unprecedented global health crisis caused by COVID-19 has unleashed individual, self-centredresponses in most states, including Asian and European countries. Multilateralism may be moreimperative than ever, but the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) does not seem to epitomise a feasibleinternational platform to guide cooperation. This article attempts to assess whether the ASEM stillconstitutes a relevant instrument of intercontinentalism, as there seem to be indications suggestingthat EU-Asia relations will not abandon their apparent multilateral stalemate. In fact, ASEM couldrather deepen asymmetries between a highly institutionalised EU and an institutionally devoid Asia.Notwithstanding, the current pandemic offers ASEM an unprecedented opportunity to recover somesalience as a relevant multilateral EU-Asia platform, namely, the centrality of economics. Given theirremediable necessity to strengthen economic cooperation to alleviate the impact of COVID-19, this isa unique opportunity to strengthen connectivity as well as a multilateral cooperation and governancethat would otherwise blur.
EU-China trade and investment relations and Covid-19: old struggles or new challenges?
Authors: BARILLÀ SALVATORE FP
Published: May 2022

The article investigates EU-China trade and investment relations, highlighting the importance of theirpartnership for the global economy. The article argues that Covid-19 is an accelerating factor ofexisting trends, analysing EU-China relations as empirical evidence. It will address the institutionaland legal framework of EU-China trade and investment relations. The article will use primary andsecondary sources to inform the research. It will benefit from an interdisciplinary approach,combining both legal and political literatures. The analysis is based on EU-China trade and investmentrelations, as reported by EU’s official documents and is divided into three main sections. The firstsection gives an overview of economic interactions between EU-China. The second section provides ananalysis of the main documents between the EU and China before the pandemic. The third section isdedicated to showing how the relations between the two actors continued during Covid-19 pandemic
Earth system governance and science diplomacy: commonalities of emerging shapers of institutions
Authors: Šime Zane
Published: May 2022

Earth System Governance (ESG) is a broadly formulated network of research agencies and governance bodies which aims to integrate science with policy and governance as a means of managing environmental change. Taking into consideration the broader context of ongoing attempts to define optimal solutions for major contemporary challenges, a comparison of ESG and science diplomacy focuses on four commonalities. The purpose of this comparison is to explore mutual learning opportunities because both strands of enquiry aim at addressing the global challenges in a comprehensive manner through tailored relations between science or research and policy or diplomacy. ESG and science diplomacy share an interest in exploring the top-down and bottom-up dynamics of multi-level governance, circulation of ideas, terms, including the expansion of their meanings, experimentation outside the existing institutional structures, as well as anticipation of future developments. A primary focus on Europe articulates areas where ESG and science diplomacy may find thematic intersections for mutual learning.
Update on the establishment of Thripoctenus javae in New Zealand and new locality records in Bay of Plenty kiwifruit orchards
Authors: Morales-Rodriguez Anuar , Rowe Christina , Chhagan Asha , Poulton Joanne , Dobson Shirley , Astill Mark , Mauchline Nicola , Puketapu Aleise , Rogers Paul , Herrick Juliet , Stannard Kate , McKenzie Catherine , McKenna Cathy
Published: May 2022

The larval parasitoid, Thripoctenus javae (Hymenoptera: Eulopidae), was introduced into New Zealand in 2001 as a biological control agent for greenhouse thrips, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis. We have re-evaluated the establishment of T. javae at the release sites from Kerikeri to Gisborne and surveyed kiwifruit orchards in the Bay of Plenty to determine how widespread the parasitoid has become.
Release sites were surveyed in autumn 2017 for greenhouse thrips. Foliage samples were collected from numerous host plants, where greenhouse thrips were found, and the number of T. javae pupae on each leaf were recorded. In 2018, a second survey for T. javae was conducted in Bay of Plenty; samples of cryptomeria (Cryptomeria japonica) shelterbelt foliage were collected from 65 kiwifruit orchards. Foliage samples were washed and pupae of T. javae were counted.
Thripoctenus javae were recorded at 80% of the original release sites from Kerikeri to Gisborne. The parasitoid was found at all sites in Whangarei and Bay of Plenty, 50% of sites in Kerikeri, 33% of revisited sites in Gisborne as well as the single site in Auckland. No host populations of greenhouse thrips were found at four release sites (Kerikeri =2 and Gisborne =2). In Bay of Plenty, T. javae were found at 32 kiwifruit orchards (49% of the total surveyed). All of these orchards are new locality records for T. javae. The furthest distance T. javae was found from a release site was 55.4 km.
The introduction of T. javae into New Zealand has been successful with the parasitoid recorded at 80% of the original release sites after 17 years. Dispersal is evident in the Bay of Plenty where we have detected T. javae at 32 new locations on kiwifruit orchards.
Political Development and Third World Politics - Excerpt (with Covers)
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

COURSE GUIDE DESCRIPTIONYou must read this Course Guide carefully from the beginning to the end. It tells you briefly what the course is about and how you can work your way through the course material. It also suggests the amount of time you are likely to spend in order to complete the course successfully. Please keep on referring to the Course Guide as you go through the course material as it will help you to clarify important study components or points that you might miss or overlook.INTRODUCTIONABKK3203 Political Development and Third World Politics is one of the courses offered by Faculty of Applied Social Sciences at Open University Malaysia (OUM). This course is worth 3 credit hours and should be covered over 8 to 15 weeks.
Lý thuyết: lãnh đạo, quản trị, quản lý và hành chính (Qua nghiên cứu các bài tạp chí về giáo dục năm 2020)
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: May 2022

Theo cách tiếp cận lý thuyết hệ thống tổng quát, nghiên cứu này sử dụng phương pháp tổng quan scoping và bibliometrics đối với 874 bài báo trên tạp chí về giáo dục năm 2020 theo các từ khóa “lý thuyết, lãnh đạo, quản trị, quản lý, hành chính” trong tên và tóm tắt bài. Căn cứ kết quả nghiên cứu có thể chấp nhận giả thuyết về vấn đề “thừa lý luận, thiếu lý thuyết khoa học trong các nghiên cứu khoa học giáo dục ở Việt Nam. Giả thuyết về vấn đề thiếu sự phân hóa quản lý với lãnh đạo, quản trị, quản lý, hành chính được chấp nhận khi đa số các bài về “quản lý” và ít bài về “lãnh đạo”, “quản trị”, “hành chính” trong giáo dục. Một phát hiện khác là đa số các bài tạp chí tập trung nghiên cứu các yếu tố nội bộ hệ thống bao gồm hoạt động giáo dục, giảng dạy, học tập nhằm mục tiêu giáo dục tri thức và phát triển đội ngũ cán bộ quản lý, giáo viên trong giáo dục phổ thông và giáo dục đại học. Do vậy, có thể cần tăng cường nghiên cứu vận dụng lý thuyết các khoa học giáo dục trong nghiên cứu giáo dục mầm non và nghề nghiệp; Đồng thời cần mở rộng nội dung, đối tượng và phạm vi nghiên cứu khoa học giáo dục sang mối quan hệ của hệ thống giáo dục với xã hội nhằm phát triển con người có đạo đức, tri thức, văn hóa, sức khỏe, thẩm mỹ và nghề nghiệp thích ứng với đổi mới kinh tế, xã hội trong thời kỳ số.
Pengaruh Sosial Media Terhadap Remaja
Authors: Anjani Sulistian , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: May 2022

In the current era of globalization, technology is increasingly sophisticated and advanced. It is undeniable that many people use the internet, which includes many sosial media applications, such as: Instagram, Wattsap, Facebook, youtube, Tiktok, online shop applications and the like. If the sosial media is used continuously even more than 12 hours or 24 hours, it will indirectly have an influence on a person's personality, for example, following the current trend, he even expresses himself on sosial media so that he cannot distinguish between private and public privacy spaces.Sosial media also brings many new things, both negatif and positive impacts, especially on the development of children and adolescents. Sosial media has a positive impact and benefits in the development of science and technology. On the other hand, it also has negatif impacts such as changes in attitude shown after satisfying oneself with gadgets such as lazing around because they are too busy with their world, even to the point of denying and not listening to what their parents say, and he is negligent in his duties. Not even a few people use sosial media for crime.
Pemimpin Yang Mencerminkan Karakter Kristiani Menjadi Teladan Bagi Masyarakat Toraja Yang Kental Dengan Tradisi Nenek Moyang
Authors: Minanga Ega Astri
Published: May 2022

Artikel ini mengulas tentang bagaimana pemimpin yang mencerminkan karakter kristiani yang menjadi teladan bagi masyarakat Toraja yang masih kental dengan tradisi nenek moyang.Oleh sebab itu bagaimana seorang pemimpin mampu memperlihatkan jati dirinya sebagai pemimpin yang dapat di teladani oleh masyarakat. Ketika seorang pemimpin mampu mencerminkan karakter kristiani bagi masyarakat dengan baik, maka bisa dipastikan mereka yang masih kental dengan tradisi aluk todolo perlahan akan mengenal yesus kristus dan menjadi pengikut Kristus.
Units information and non-commutative action
Authors: Vit Ku
Published: May 2022

Units information and non-commutative membrane