bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral direct current reduces naturally evoked nociceptive activity at the spinal cord in rodent models of pain
Authors: Su Tom F , Hamilton Jack D , Guo Yiru , Potas Jason R , Shivdasani Mohit N , Moalem-Taylor Gila , Fridman Gene Y , Aplin Felix P
Published: April 2024

Objective. Electrical neuromodulation is an established non-pharmacological treatment for chronic pain. However, existing devices using pulsatile stimulation typically inhibit pain pathways indirectly and are not suitable for all types of chronic pain. Direct current (DC) stimulation is a recently developed technology which affects small-diameter fibres more strongly than pulsatile stimulation. Since nociceptors are predominantly small-diameter Aδ and C fibres, we investigated if this property could be applied to preferentially reduce nociceptive signalling. Approach. We applied a DC waveform to the sciatic nerve in rats of both sexes and recorded multi-unit spinal activity evoked at the hindpaw using various natural stimuli corresponding to different sensory modalities rather than broad-spectrum electrical stimulus. To determine if DC neuromodulation is effective across different types of chronic pain, tests were performed in models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Main results. We found that in both pain models tested, DC application reduced responses evoked by noxious stimuli, as well as tactile-evoked responses which we suggest may be involved in allodynia. Different spinal activity of different modalities were reduced in naïve animals compared to the pain models, indicating that physiological changes such as those mediated by disease states could play a larger role than previously thought in determining neuromodulation outcomes. Significance. Our findings support the continued development of DC neuromodulation as a method for reduction of nociceptive signalling, and suggests that it may be effective at treating a broader range of aberrant pain conditions than existing devices.
Moiré-enabled topological superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Khosravian Maryam , Bascones Elena , Lado Jose L
Published: April 2024

Twisted van der Waals materials have risen as highly tunable platforms for realizing unconventional superconductivity. Here we demonstrate how a topological superconducting state can be driven in a twisted graphene multilayer at a twist angle of approximately 1.6 degrees proximitized to other 2D materials. We show that an encapsulated twisted bilayer subject to induced Rashba spin–orbit coupling, s-wave superconductivity, and exchange field generates a topological superconducting state enabled by the moiré pattern. We demonstrate the emergence of a variety of topological states with different Chern numbers, that are highly tunable through doping, strain, and bias voltage. Our proposal does not depend on fine-tuning the twist angle, but solely on the emergence of moiré minibands and is applicable for twist angles between 1.3 and 3 degrees. Our results establish the potential of twisted graphene bilayers to create topological superconductivity without requiring ultraflat dispersions.
Dislocations in twistronic heterostructures
Authors: Enaldiev V V
Published: April 2024

Long-period moiré superlattices at the twisted interface of van der Waals heterostructures relax into preferential stacking domains separated by dislocation networks. Here, we develop a mesoscale theory for dislocations in networks formed in twistronic bilayers with parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP) alignment of unit cells across the twisted interface. For P bilayers we find an exact analytical displacement field across partial dislocations and determine analytic dependences of energy per unit length and width on the orientation and microscopic model parameters. For AP bilayers we formulate a semi-analytical approximation for displacement fields across perfect dislocations, establishing parametric dependences for their widths and energies per unit length. In addition, we find regions in the parametric space of crystal thicknesses and Moiré periods for strong and weak relaxation of the Moiré pattern in multilayered twistronic heterostructures.
Gay for pay: homocapitalism and LGBTQ employees in the transnational corporate landscape
Authors: Mowlabocus Sharif
Published: April 2024

In this forum piece, I utilize Rahul Rao’s concept of “homocapitalism” (2020) as an analytical lens through which to evaluate the corporate support of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) rights. Affinity groups, including those designed to support LGBTQ employees, have become a regular feature of most Fortune 500 companies. These groups seek to represent the interests of particular employee audiences, while also helping the company to advance its profit-driven goals. Drawing on interviews with queer professionals working for multinational technology companies, I signpost the promises and limitations of LGBTQ activism when it becomes (re)located within the context of a corporation.
Simultaneous Screening of 172 Veterinary Drugs by Modified QuEChERS-LC–MS/MS in TCM Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum
Authors: Hu Qing , Sun Jian , Yu Hong , Feng Rui , Zhang Jingxian , Zhou Heng , Ji Shen
Published: April 2024

An analytical method was developed for the screening of 172 veterinary drugs in traditional Chinese medicine Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were pretreated by a modified QuEChERS method. A Zorbax Eclipse plus C18 column (1.8 μm, 3.0 × 150 mm2, Agilent) was used for the separation of analytes by gradient elution. All analytes were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring mode. Good linearity with R ≥ 0.99 was exhibited for all analytes within the respective range. The recoveries of all monitored analytes ranged from 55.4 to 127.6% at three spiked levels (limit of quantitation—LOQ, 2-fold LOQ, 10-fold LOQ), with relative standard deviations <17.8%. The estimated LOQ levels were 0.2–20 μg/kg. The application of this method provides a reference for the safety control of traditional Chinese medicines.
Novel echocardiographic pixel intensity quantification method for differentiating transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis from light chain cardiac amyloidosis and other phenocopies
Authors: Slostad Brody , Appadurai Vinesh , Narang Akhil , Hale Sarah , Lehrer Susan , Kline Adrienne , Bavishi Aakash , Okwuosa Ike , Jankowski Madeline , Weinberg Richard , Kansal Mayank , Thomas James D , Shah Sanjiv
Published: April 2024

Aims

Differentiating cardiac amyloidosis (CA) subtypes is important considering the significantly different therapies for transthyretin (ATTR)-CA and light chain (AL)-CA. Therefore, an echocardiographic method to distinguish ATTR-CA from AL-CA would provide significant value. We assessed a novel echocardiographic pixel intensity method to quantify myocardial calcification to differentiate ATTR-CA from phenocopies of CA and from AL-CA, specifically.

Methods and results

167 patients with ATTR-CA (n = 53), AL-CA (n = 32), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 37), and advanced chronic kidney disease (n = 45) were retrospectively evaluated. The septal reflectivity ratio (SRR) was measured as the average pixel intensity of the visible anterior septal wall divided by the average pixel intensity of the visible posterior lateral wall. SRR and other myocardial strain-based echocardiographic measures were evaluated with receiver operator characteristic analysis to evaluate accuracy in distinguishing ATTR-CA from AL-CA and other forms of left ventricular hypertrophy. Mean SRR was significantly higher in the ATTR-CA cohort compared to the other cohorts (P < 0.001). SRR demonstrated the largest area under the curve (AUC) (0.91, P < 0.001) for distinguishing ATTR from all other cohorts and specifically for distinguishing ATTR-CA from AL-CA (AUC = 0.90, P < 0.001, specificity 96%, and sensitivity 63%). There was excellent inter- and intra-operator reproducibility with an ICC of 0.91 (P < 0.001) and 0.89 (P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion

The SRR is a reproducible and robust parameter for differentiating ATTR-CA from other phenocopies of CA and specifically ATTR-CA from AL-CA.
Sse1, Hsp110 chaperone of yeast, controls the cellular fate during endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Jha Mainak Pratim , Kumar Vignesh , Ghosh Asmita , Mapa Koyeli
Published: April 2024

Sse1 is a cytosolic Hsp110 molecular chaperone of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Its multifaceted roles in cellular protein homeostasis as a nucleotide exchange factor (NEF), as a protein-disaggregase and as a chaperone linked to protein synthesis (CLIPS) are well documented. In the current study, we show that SSE1 genetically interacts with IRE1 and HAC1, the endoplasmic reticulum-unfolded protein response (ER-UPR) sensors implicating its role in ER protein homeostasis. Interestingly, the absence of this chaperone imparts unusual resistance to tunicamycin-induced ER stress which depends on the intact Ire1-Hac1 mediated ER-UPR signaling. Furthermore, cells lacking SSE1 show inefficient ER-stress-responsive reorganization of translating ribosomes from polysomes to monosomes that drive uninterrupted protein translation during tunicamycin stress. In consequence, the sse1Δ strain shows prominently faster reversal from ER-UPR activated state indicating quicker restoration of homeostasis, in comparison to the wild-type (WT) cells. Importantly, Sse1 plays a critical role in controlling the ER-stress-mediated cell division arrest, which is escaped in sse1Δ strain during chronic tunicamycin stress. Accordingly, sse1Δ strain shows significantly higher cell viability in comparison to WT yeast imparting the stark fitness following short-term as well as long-term tunicamycin stress. These data, all together, suggest that cytosolic chaperone Sse1 is an important modulator of ER stress response in yeast and it controls stress-induced cell division arrest and cell death during overwhelming ER stress induced by tunicamycin.
The impact of differential transposition activities of autonomous and nonautonomous hAT transposable elements on genome architecture and gene expression in Caenorhabditis inopinata
Authors: Hatanaka Ryuhei , Tamagawa Katsunori , Haruta Nami , Sugimoto Asako
Published: April 2024

Transposable elements are DNA sequences capable of moving within genomes and significantly influence genomic evolution. The nematode Caenorhabditis inopinata exhibits a much higher transposable element copy number than its sister species, Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, we identified a novel autonomous transposable element belonging to the hAT superfamily from a spontaneous transposable element-insertion mutant in C. inopinata and named this transposon Ci-hAT1. Further bioinformatic analyses uncovered 3 additional autonomous hAT elements—Ci-hAT2, Ci-hAT3, and Ci-hAT4—along with over 1,000 copies of 2 nonautonomous miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements, mCi-hAT1 and mCi-hAT4, likely derived from Ci-hAT1 and Ci-hAT4 through internal deletion. We tracked at least 3 sequential transpositions of Ci-hAT1 over several years. However, the transposition rates of the other 3 autonomous hAT elements were lower, suggesting varying activity levels. Notably, the distribution patterns of the 2 miniature inverted-repeat transposable element families differed significantly: mCi-hAT1 was primarily located in the chromosome arms, a pattern observed in the transposable elements of other Caenorhabditis species, whereas mCi-hAT4 was more evenly distributed across chromosomes. Additionally, interspecific transcriptome analysis indicated that C. inopinata genes with upstream or intronic these miniature inverted-repeat transposable element insertions tend to be more highly expressed than their orthologous genes in C. elegans. These findings highlight the significant role of de-silenced transposable elements in driving the evolution of genomes and transcriptomes, leading to species-specific genetic diversity.
A Recql5 mutant facilitates complex CRISPR/Cas9-mediated chromosomal engineering in mouse zygotes
Authors: Iwata Satoru , Nagahara Miki , Ido Risako , Iwamoto Takashi
Published: April 2024

Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are often observed in clinical samples from patients with cancer and congenital diseases but are difficult to induce experimentally. Here, we report the first success in establishing animal models for CCRs. Mutation in Recql5, a crucial member of the DNA helicase RecQ family involved in DNA replication, transcription, and repair, enabled CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CCRs, establishing a mouse model containing triple fusion genes and megabase-sized inversions. Some of these structural features of individual chromosomal rearrangements use template switching and microhomology-mediated break-induced replication mechanisms and are reminiscent of the newly described phenomenon “chromoanasynthesis.” These data show that Recql5 mutant mice could be a powerful tool to analyze the pathogenesis of CCRs (particularly chromoanasynthesis) whose underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The Recql5 mutants generated in this study are to be deposited at key animal research facilities, thereby making them accessible for future research on CCRs.
SlGAD2 is the target of SlTHM27, positively regulates cold tolerance by mediating anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato
Authors: Wang Jingrong , Zhang Yong , Wang Junzheng , Khan Abid , Kang Zheng , Ma Yongbo , Zhang Jiarui , Dang Haoran , Li Tianlai , Hu Xiaohui
Published: April 2024

Cold stress significantly limits the yield and quality of tomato. Deciphering the key genes related to cold tolerance is important for selecting and breeding superior cold-tolerant varieties. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) responds to various types of stress by rapidly accumulating in plant. In this study, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD2) was a positive regulator to enhance cold stress tolerance of tomato. Overexpression of SlGAD2 decreased the extent of cytoplasmic membrane damage and increased the endogenous GABA content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity in response to cold stress, whereas Slgad2 mutant plants showed the opposite trend. In addition, SlGAD2 induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to cold stress by increasing the content of endogenous GABA. Further study revealed that SlGAD2 expression was negatively regulated by the transcription factor SlTHM27. However, the transcript levels of SlTHM27 were repressed under cold stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities, SlGAD2 transcript levels, GABA and anthocyanin contents were significantly increased in Slthm27 mutant plants. Further, our study demonstrated that SlTHM27 decreases SlGAD2-promoted cold resistance in tomato by repressing SlGAD2 transcription. Overall, our results showed that the SlTHM27-SlGAD2 model regulates the cold tolerance in tomato by regulating GABA and anthocyanin.
The critical roles of three sugar-related proteins (HXK, SnRK1, TOR) in regulating plant growth and stress responses
Authors: Li Guangshuo , Zhao Ying
Published: April 2024

Sugar signaling is one of the most critical regulatory signals in plants, and its metabolic network contains multiple regulatory factors. Sugar signal molecules regulate cellular activities and organism development by combining with other intrinsic regulatory factors and environmental inputs. HXK, SnRK1, and TOR are three fundamental proteins that have a pivotal role in the metabolism of sugars in plants. HXK, being the initial glucose sensor discovered in plants, is renowned for its multifaceted characteristics. Recent investigations have unveiled that HXK additionally assumes a significant role in plant hormonal signaling and abiotic stress. SnRK1 serves as a vital regulator of growth under energy-depleted circumstances, whereas TOR, a large protein, acts as a central integrator of signaling pathways that govern cell metabolism, organ development, and transcriptome reprogramming in response to diverse stimuli. Together, these two proteins work to sense upstream signals and modulate downstream signals to regulate cell growth and proliferation. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research on these three proteins, particularly on TOR and SnRK1. Furthermore, studies have found that these three proteins not only regulate sugar signaling but also exhibit certain signal crosstalk in regulating plant growth and development. This review provides a comprehensive overview and summary of the basic functions and regulatory networks of these three proteins. It aims to serve as a reference for further exploration of the interactions between these three proteins and their involvement in co-regulatory networks.
Conditioning of random Fourier feature matrices: double descent and generalization error
Authors: Chen Zhijun , Schaeffer Hayden
Published: April 2024

We provide high-probability bounds on the condition number of random feature matrices. In particular, we show that if the complexity ratio $N/m$, where $N$ is the number of neurons and $m$ is the number of data samples, scales like $\log ^{-1}(N)$ or $\log (m)$, then the random feature matrix is well-conditioned. This result holds without the need of regularization and relies on establishing various concentration bounds between dependent components of the random feature matrix. Additionally, we derive bounds on the restricted isometry constant of the random feature matrix. We also derive an upper bound for the risk associated with regression problems using a random feature matrix. This upper bound exhibits the double descent phenomenon and indicates that this is an effect of the double descent behaviour of the condition number. The risk bounds include the underparameterized setting using the least squares problem and the overparameterized setting where using either the minimum norm interpolation problem or a sparse regression problem. For the noiseless least squares or sparse regression cases, we show that the risk decreases as $m$ and $N$ increase. The risk bound matches the optimal scaling in the literature and the constants in our results are explicit and independent of the dimension of the data.
Using the response–effect trait framework to disentangle the effects of environmental change on the ecosystem services
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Zhang Fei , Lin Ziqi , Yuan Liuhuan , Yao Hongbin , Duan Gaohui , Liu Yandan , Liu Yangyang , Shi Haijing , Wen Zhongming
Published: April 2024

Functional traits play a vital role in mediating the responses of ecosystem services to environmental changes and in predicting the functioning of the ecosystem. However, the connection between functional traits and ecosystem services has become increasingly intricate due to climate change and human activities for degraded ecosystems. To investigate this relationship, we selected 27 sampling sites in the Yanhe River Basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau, each containing two types of vegetation ecosystems: natural vegetation and artificial vegetation ecosystems. At each sampling site, we measured ecosystem services and calculated the composition index of community traits. We established a response–effect trait framework that included environmental factors such as climate, elevation and human activities. Our results showed that leaf tissue density (LTD) was the overlapping response and effect trait when responding to climate change. LTD is positively correlated with mean annual temperature and negatively correlated with supporting services. Under the influence of human activities, leaf nitrogen content and leaf dry matter content were carriers of environmental change. Comparing the two vegetation ecosystems, the relationship between functional traits and ecosystem services showed divergent patterns, indicating that human activities increased the uncertainty of the relationship between functional traits and ecosystem services. Trait-based ecology holds promise for enhancing predictions of ecosystem services responses to environmental changes. However, the predictive ability is influenced by the complexity of environmental changes. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of understanding the complex connection between functional traits and ecosystem services in response to climate changes and human activities.
Relaparotomy pseudoaneurysm repair after distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection (DP-CAR): a case report
Authors: Nakamura Shun , Tada Kazuhiro , Mita Junya , Fukuzawa Kengo
Published: April 2024

A 76-year-old man underwent distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection (DP-CAR) after preoperative chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer with celiac artery invasion. Although postoperative pancreatic leakage and ischemia-induced bile fistula developed, the patient’s condition remained stable with good drainage. On postoperative Day 47, a pseudoaneurysm developed at the junction of the gastroduodenal artery and proper hepatic artery. However, cannulation of the guidewire was difficult, and relaparotomy pseudoaneurysm repair was performed. On postoperative Day 56, a pseudoaneurysm reappeared at the same site, and relaparotomy was performed again. On postoperative Day 61, CT confirmed the disappearance of the pseudoaneurysm and preservation of the right and left hepatic arteries. The patient was discharged 107 days postoperatively. Interventional radiology (IVR) remains the best technique to achieve hemostasis for pseudoaneurysms. However, this case demonstrates that even when hemostasis by IVR is difficult, relaparotomy pseudoaneurysm repair after DP-CAR may be useful after some postoperative.
Lyme borreliosis in a French expatriate in India
Authors: Itani Oula , Caumes Eric , Consigny Paul Henri
Published: April 2024

Lyme borreliosis is known to be endemic in temperate countries of the Northern hemisphere but is rarely reported in other regions of the world. Here, we describe a rare diagnosis in a traveller returning from India, who presented with two erythema migrans.
Auditory-Motor Mapping Training With an Autistic Child from a Bilingual Family
Authors: Kim Hae Sun
Published: April 2024

Bilingual immigrant family members in the United States may experience specific challenges in providing support to their autistic children, who often exhibit speech delays and communication issues. These challenges can arise from a combination of language barriers, cultural obstacles, and a lack of therapeutic resources in their heritage language; a term synonymous with “home language,” “native language,” and “mother tongue,” referring to a language other than English used by immigrants and their children.

This article focuses on addressing these issues through an adaptation of auditory-motor mapping training (AMMT), a specific therapeutic intervention originally designed for autistic children who consider English as their primary language, aiming to enhance speech production. This article brings forward a case example of an autistic child of a Korean immigrant family to illustrate the adaptation process of AMMT from English to another language, Korean, specifically the Seoul dialect. This study highlights three factors music therapists should consider during the adaptation: (a) phonological distinctions between the heritage language and English; (b) the language spoken within the child’s home and the parents’ perspective on bilingualism; and (c) the unique attributes of each autistic child. The pros and cons of AMMT and recommendations for music therapy professionals are also discussed.
Proactive policing and traffic disturbances: A quasi-experiment in three Israeli cities
Authors: Hasisi Badi , Weisburd David , Litmanovitz Yael , Carmel Tomer , Tshuva Shani , Trahtenberg Taina
Published: April 2024

This paper describes a quasi-experimental evaluation of a reform in Israel (‘EMUN’), which attempted to institutionalize problem-oriented policing on a national scale. The current study examines the effect of this reform on tackling traffic disturbance and road bullying offences. We compared three police stations that chose to deal with traffic offences using the tools and techniques provided through the reform (treatment stations) with five police stations that were matched - using a specially designed algorithm - on several criteria, including similar trends of traffic offences (comparison stations). Each treatment station was compared to two comparison stations using a difference-in-differences approach. In five out of six comparisons there were large and significant reductions in documented traffic disturbances in the targeted areas of the treatment stations compared to the control stations. We also found evidence of significant diffusions in crime control benefits in two of the treatment stations. However, there was evidence of significant geographical displacement to the buffer zone in the largest treatment stations. We attribute this to differences in the nature of the areas targeted and discuss the relative harms and benefits. The findings of the study show that institutionalizing a variety of evidence-based policing strategies has a promise not only for classic crimes (such as property and violence), but also for incivilities and quality-of-life offenses.
Effects of a work schedule with abated quick returns on insomnia, sleepiness, and work-related fatigue: results from a large-scale cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Djupedal Ingebjørg Louise Rockwell , Harris Anette , Svensen Erling , Pallesen Ståle , Waage Siri , Nielsen Morten Birkeland , Sunde Erlend , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Holmelid Øystein , Vedaa Øystein
Published: April 2024

Study objectives

To investigate the effect of a work schedule with abated quick returns (i.e. > 11 hours between two shifts) on insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and work-related fatigue compared to a shift schedule maintaining the usual number of quick returns.

Methods

A two-armed cluster randomized controlled trial including 66 units was conducted at a university hospital in Norway. Units with healthcare workers on rotating shift schedules were randomly assigned to a shift schedule with abated quick returns (intervention) or to continue with a schedule including quick returns as usual (control) for 6 months. Questionnaires assessed symptoms of insomnia (Bergen Insomnia Scale [BIS]), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]), and work-related fatigue (Revised Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory) at baseline and towards the end of the intervention. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear mixed-effects models, and Cohen’s d was used to calculate the effect size between groups.

Results

Overall, 1314 healthcare workers (85.2% female) completed the baseline questionnaire (response rate 49.1%), and 552 completed the follow-up questionnaire. The intervention reduced quick returns from an average of 13.2 (SD = 8.7) to 6.7 (SD = 6.0), while the control group’s average remained relatively unchanged from 13.2 (SD = 8.7) to 12.0 (SD = 9.3). Results showed a small improvement in symptoms of insomnia (BIS; d = −0.13, p = .022) and daytime sleepiness (ESS; d = −0.14, p = .013) in favor of the intervention. No effects were observed on work-related fatigue.

Conclusions

Reducing the number of quick returns in the work schedule resulted in improvements in insomnia and daytime sleepiness. The findings highlight the importance of sufficient daily rest time in the work schedule of healthcare workers.

Clinical Trial

Health Promoting Work Schedules: The Effect of Abolishing Quick Returns (HeWoS); clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04693182; Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT04693182.
Long-Term Outcome Following Treatment With Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Radiation-Induced Hyposalivation and Xerostomia
Authors: Jakobsen Kathrine Kronberg , Lynggaard Charlotte Duch , Paaske Natasja , Carlander Amanda-Louise Fenger , Kastrup Jens , Hauge Anne Werner , Christensen Robin , Grønhøj Christian , Buchwald Christian von
Published: April 2024

Background

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs) are proposed as a new xerostomia treatment. The study evaluated the long-term safety and effectiveness of allogeneic ASCs in radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with previous oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods

This study constitutes 3-year follow-up on the original 10 patients who received allogeneic ASCs injections to the submandibular and parotid glands as part of the MESRIX-II trial. The MESRIX-II trial included the preliminary 4-month follow-up. The primary endpoint was long-term safety. Secondary endpoints were effectiveness evaluated by changes in salivary flow rate and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Immune response was evaluated by assessing the development of donor-specific antibodies (DSA).

Findings

All 10 MESRIX-II patients completed the long-term follow-up (ie, no missing data). During the long-term follow-up, 2 patients encountered a significant adverse event, which was determined to be unrelated to the treatment. No DSAs were detectable at 3 years. The stimulated salivary flow rate increased significantly from an average of 0.66 mL/minute at baseline to 0.86 mL/minute at follow-up, corresponding to an increase of 0.20 [95% CI 0.08 to 0.30] mL/minute, or approximately 30%. Among the PROs, sticky saliva symptoms were reduced, with a −20.0 [95% CI −37.3 to −2.7] units.

Interpretation

In conclusion, this study is the first to present long-term follow-up outcomes of allogeneic ASC treatment as a therapeutic option for radiation-induced xerostomia. The study found that ASC treatment appears safe, and there were no indications of adverse immune responses at the 3-year follow-up. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the findings in larger settings.
A Concept Analysis of Paternal Bonding With Prematurely Born Infants
Authors: Alnuaimi Nisreen , Snedden Traci
Published: April 2024

Background:

Maternal bonding in infancy has long been the focus of research and practice. Despite emerging evidence highlighting the importance of paternal bonding, little attention has been focused on fathers. Simultaneously, there is little clarity regarding possible differences between bonding and attachment.

Purpose:

This article aims to clarify the concept of paternal bonding with infants born prematurely.

Methods/Search Strategy:

Using Walker and Avant’s approach to concept analysis, we selected databases and searched them for relevant studies published between 2012 and 2022. We identified 28 articles that (1) defined bonding specific to fathers of infants born prematurely, (2) were peer-reviewed, and (3) were in English. From the articles, we extracted and analyzed data specific to concept definitions, antecedents, and consequences.

Results:

Regarding paternal bonding with infants born prematurely, our analyses of the 28 studies yielded a conceptual definition of this topic that extends beyond the commonly used definition emphasizing emotional connection. The newly formulated definition covers the cognitive, behavioral, and dynamic, as well as emotional, attributes of bonding. We identify and discuss antecedents and consequences of bonding.

Implications for Practice and Research:

Our findings led to a consistent conceptual definition of the bonding phenomenon in question. The definition should serve as a conceptual basis for future guidelines governing clinical practice and research. Through our findings, nurses can better understand and promote paternal bonding with infants born prematurely. Finally, our findings can improve researchers’ exploration of this topic.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Etiopathogenesis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Literature Review
Authors: Mirani Putri , Lestari Peby Maulina , Murti Krisna , Liberty Iche Andriyani , Andrina Hana , Kesty Cindy , Stevanny Bella
Published: April 2024

The recent increase in placenta accreta spectrum has been correlated with a rise in the rate of cesarean sections. A recent study provides evidence that hampered wound healing results in cesarean scar defects that lead to a failure in the normal process of decidualization and deeper adherence of trophoblasts. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is crucial in every step of wound healing as it alters the wound matrix, facilitating cell migration, as well as tissue remodeling. MMP-9 expression is higher in placental and decidual tissue in cases of placenta accreta. Based on these findings, assessment of MMP-9 expression can shed new light on the etiopathology of placenta accreta spectrum disorder and can be a potential diagnostic marker.
In-and-out Technique: An In-house Efficient Predictive Hole Fabrication Workflow
Authors: Asensio-Salazar Javier , Rivero Calle Alvaro , Olavarría Montes Eduardo , Delgado Fernández Alejandro , Zubillaga Rodríguez Ignacio , Gutiérrez Díaz Ramon , Sánchez Aniceto Gregorio
Published: April 2024

Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and three-dimensional (3D) printing can increase precision and reduce surgical time in craniofacial reconstruction. However, the elevated cost and manufacturing time of outsourced workflows is increasing the development of in-house solutions. One of the main challenges in in-house workflows is to create cutting guides that hold plate position information. This is due to the fact that hospitals usually lack the infrastructure required to design and 3D print custom-made plates. Including plate-positioning information in resection guides is especially relevant in complex reconstructions and when tumor extension limits plate placement before resection. Current in-house workflows revolve around the idea of 3D scanning the bent plate’s shape and to fuse it with the VSP. The goal of this article is to share our technique to transfer plate position information to resection guides. Our protocol uses a 3D model of the reconstruction as an intermediate step to transfer the plate position of a bent stock reconstruction plate to cutting guides. Two patients who required mandibular reconstruction with fibula flap are presented to illustrate the technique. This workflow requires a 3D-printed model of the desired outcome, cutting guides, and a stock plate. Results were satisfactory in terms of cutting location and angulation, plate adaptation and condylar position. This technique allows for a simple, safe, cheap, and quick alternative to add reconstruction plate information to cutting guides.
Effects of Sociodemographic and Child Opportunity Index on Pediatric Plastic and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Volume Trends in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McCollister Kali , Berry Jay G. , Melvin Patrice , Tartarilla Ashley B. , Nuzzi Laura C. , Lajoie Debra , Meara John G. , Ward Valerie L.
Published: April 2024

Background:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused disruptions to pediatric surgical care. Although surgical capacity has returned to the prepandemic state, barriers to surgical access may still exist for children who are medically underserved. We assessed pediatric plastic and oral and maxillofacial surgical volumes by sociodemographic characteristics before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

A 72-month retrospective cohort analysis of 10,681 pediatric plastic and oral and maxillofacial procedures between 2016 and 2021 was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression and interrupted time series analyses were used to analyze surgical volume trends by sociodemographic groups and Child Opportunity Index (COI).

Results:

Compared with prepandemic, patients undergoing procedures were more likely to be older than 18 years (P < 0.001) and Hispanic/Latino (adjusted odds ratio 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–1.68; P < 0.01). Surgical volume trends among patients from the lowest COI levels were lower than where they were estimated to have been if the pandemic did not occur (P = 0.040). Patients who spoke a primary language other than English or Spanish (P = 0.02) and patients with the lowest COI levels (P = 0.04) continued to have unrecovered surgical volumes.

Conclusions:

There were differences in the sociodemographic case-mix of patients undergoing plastic and oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures before and during the pandemic, and surgical volumes did not recover at the same rate for all patients. Further research can determine why certain sociodemographic groups and patients with low COI levels had decreased surgical access compared with prepandemic trends, and develop interventions focused on equitable pediatric surgical access.
Sushruta: The Father of Indian Surgical History
Authors: Dave Tirth , Habte Alexander , Vora Vidhi , Sheikh Mahin Qudeer , Sanker Vivek , Gopal Sri Vengadesh
Published: April 2024

Sushruta, an ancient surgeon from 600 BCE in Kashi, India, is a pioneering figure in medical history. His innovations in surgical techniques, predating Hippocrates and Galen, have left an indelible mark in the field. This review article focuses on Sushruta’s contributions to surgery, particularly his foundational work in plastic and reconstructive procedures. We delve into the Sushruta Samhita, the oldest surgical text, covering essential principles, pathology, anatomy, and surgical management. Sushruta’s approach emphasized cleanliness, cadaver dissection, and innovative practices in anesthesia. Our article underscores the enduring impact of Sushruta’s work on modern surgical science.
Vaginal Progesterone to Prevent Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Women With a Sonographic Short Cervix: The Story of the PREGNANT Trial
Authors: Romero Roberto , Meyyazhagan Arun , Hassan Sonia S. , Creasy George W. , Conde-Agudelo Agustin
Published: April 2024

The PREGNANT trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial designed to determine the efficacy and safety of vaginal progesterone (VP) to reduce the risk of birth <33 weeks and of neonatal complications in women with a sonographic short cervix (10 to 20 mm) in the mid-trimester (19 to 23 6/7 wk). Patients allocated to receive VP had a 45% lower rate of preterm birth (8.9% vs 16.1%; relative risk = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33-0.92). Neonates born to mothers allocated to VP had a 60% reduction in the rate of respiratory distress syndrome. This article reviews the background, design, execution, interpretation, and impact of the PREGNANT Trial.
Predictors of health-related quality of life one year after stroke: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Silva Aryane Caroline , Menezes Kênia K.P. , Scianni Aline Alvim , Avelino Patrick R. , Faria Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais
Published: April 2024

The objective was to investigate, through a systematic review, which independent variables predict health-related quality of life (HRQoL) one year after stroke. Searches were conducted in LILACS, MEDLINE, Scielo, Web of Science, and PEDro. The inclusion criteria were observational longitudinal studies, which included at least one independent variable measured at baseline, as a potential predictor of HRQoL measured 12 months after stroke. The predictors of interest were variables across all domains of the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health. The quality of evidence was rated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). A total of 17 papers were included, involving 8338 participants, and 10 possible predictors of the HRQoL one year after stroke. The meta-analysis was performed for six of them (cognition, depression, neurological deficit, stroke severity, motor impairment, and limitation in activities of daily living), and significant results were found only for limitation in activities of daily living (odds ratio, 1.30 [95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.57]; I
2 = 72%; P < 0.01). The descriptive analysis of the remaining four predictors suggested a significant predictive value of balance and functional independence, whereas the results for trunk control were not significant and for social participation were unclear. In conclusion, individuals within the first 11.5 weeks after stroke with lower limitation in activities of daily living, higher functional independence, and better balance, are more likely to have a higher HRQoL one year after stroke. Thus, these predictors, all modifiable factors, need to be targeted during acute rehabilitation.
A case report of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B
Authors: Jahantab Mohammad Bagher , Rastegar Babak , Aria Arash
Published: April 2024

Introduction and importance:

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 (MEN2) is a rare autosomal dominant neoplastic syndrome resulting from RET gene mutations, marked by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and increased risk of other endocrine tumors. MEN2 includes subtypes MEN2A, MEN2B, and familial MTC. Prophylactic thyroidectomy is recommended for MEN2A due to high MTC risk.

Case presentation:

A 38-year-old woman with a family history of thyroid cancer presented with headaches, sweating, and palpable breast mass. Exam revealed skin lesions. Lab abnormalities and imaging indicated a large adrenal mass and thyroid nodules. Inconclusive biopsies led to left adrenalectomy, confirming pheochromocytoma. Subsequent total thyroidectomy revealed MTC.

Clinical discussion:

This case represents rare MEN2B presentation, featuring MTC, pheochromocytoma, mucosal neuromas, and marfanoid habitus. Genetic testing for RET mutations is crucial with a positive family history. MEN2A individuals undergo prophylactic thyroidectomy due to high MTC risk. Although rare, pheochromocytoma can be an initial MEN2 manifestation, indicated by paroxysmal symptoms. Surgical resection is the treatment.

Conclusions:

The patient’s successful adrenalectomy followed by total thyroidectomy confirmed MTC. Thorough evaluation, including inconclusive initial findings, emphasizes imaging, and biopsies. Early detection and appropriate management optimize MEN2 outcomes.
Fibrocartilaginous embolism: a rare cause of cervical spine infarction
Authors: Abu Mayyala Widad , Abu Aqeel Nawras , Jobran Afnan W.M. , Shaheen Farah , Abdulrazzak Mohammed , Alhroub Yousef
Published: April 2024

Introduction and importance:

One of the uncommon causes of ischaemic myelopathy is fibrocartilaginous embolisation, which results from the intersomatic disc nucleus pulposus becoming embolised into the spinal vasculature during Valsalva-like manoeuvres.

Case presentation:

A 29-year-old female patient presented to the authors’ emergency department with general weakness, dizziness, and an inability to move her right hand after a minor trauma. These symptoms deteriorated suddenly until the patient became quadriplegic. The clinical picture and MRI led to a diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolism.

Clinical discussion:

Fibrocartilaginous embolism is a rare cause of spine infarction. There is still little understanding of the underlying cause of FCE. Most cases occur sporadically in people without a family history of the disease, such as the authors’ case, and diagnosis is based on imaging of the spinal cord and ruling out other causes of a blockage in the vascular system within the spinal cord, infectious and inflammatory causes.

Conclusion:

When a practitioner suspects that a patient may have fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE), they should take the patient’s history and do a neurological examination. An MRI is required since it is thought to be the most accurate method of diagnosing FCE.
Pancreatic cancer: from early detection to personalized treatment approaches
Authors: Khayat Saadeddine , Choudhary Karan , Claude Nshimiyimana Jean , Gurav Jaiprakash , Hneini Asmaa , Nazir Abubakar , Chaito Hassan , Wojtara Magda , Uwishema Olivier
Published: April 2024

Pancreatic cancer is notorious for its persistently poor prognosis and health outcomes, so some of the questions that may be begged are “Why is it mostly diagnosed at end stage?”, “What could we possibly do with the advancing technology in today’s world to detect early pancreatic cancer and intervene?”, and “Are there any implementation of the existing novel imaging technologies?”. Well, to start with, this is in part because the majority of patients presented would already have reached a locally advanced or metastatic stage at the time of diagnosis due to its highly aggressive characteristics and lack of symptoms. Due to this striking disparity in survival, advancements in early detection and intervention are likely to significantly increase patients’ survival. Presently, screening is frequently used in high-risk individuals in order to obtain an early pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Having a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis and risk factors of pancreatic cancer may enable us to identify individuals at high risk, diagnose the disease early, and begin treatment promptly. In this review, the authors outline the clinical hurdles to early pancreatic cancer detection, describe high-risk populations, and discuss current screening initiatives for high-risk individuals. The ultimate goal of this current review is to study the roles of both traditional and novel imaging modalities for early pancreatic cancer detection. A lot of the novel imaging techniques mentioned seem promising, but they need to be put to the test on a large scale and may need to be combined with other non-invasive biomarkers before they can be widely used.
Successful surgical reconstruction of atypical variant mirror hand anomaly in a 2-year-old female child: a unique case report
Authors: Arab Hazem , Almousa Maher , Salemah Mahmoud , Alsaffaf Yousef , Alabdullah Abdulla
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Mirror hand is an extremely rare congenital abnormality characterized by polydactyly and duplication of the ulna, with the absence of the radius and thumb. Atypical presentations of mirror hand were described, including the presence of the radius in a few cases; here the authors report one of the atypical cases of mirror hand that underwent successful management.

Case presentation:

A 2-year-old and 7-month-old female child presented with 7 well-developed digits, with an absent thumb; the X-ray imaging of the forearm showed a well-formed ulna and radius with proximal fusion. The patient has good shoulder movement, minor limitations in supination and pronation, and elbow flexion restriction. The patient underwent multiple surgical interventions for pollicization. Follow-up revealed a significant improvement of hand function and appearance.

Clinical discussion:

In the literature review, mirror hand is a rare congenital malformation and has many varieties. The management of this deformity is a challenge and differs from case to case; here the authors described a novel variant of this deformity and its successful management.

Conclusion:

Mirror hand is a rare congenital abnormality and has a wide spectrum of variants. The management challenge, but with early pollicization with appropriate functional considerations, the outcome is promising.