bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertebral artery dissection caused by atlantoaxial dislocation in a patient with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Vornetti Gianfranco , Renzetti Benedetta , Vara Giulio , Tonon Caterina , Lodi Raffaele , Conti Alfredo , Serchi Elena , Donti Andrea , Mariucci Elisabetta , Spinardi Luca
Published: November 2023

A small number of case reports have documented a link between atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) and vertebral artery dissection (VAD), but this association has never been described in patients with hereditary connective tissue disorders. We present a case of an 18‐year‐old female patient, diagnosed with Marfan syndrome since the age of one, who underwent brain MRA for intracranial aneurysm screening revealing tortuosity of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries as well as atlantoaxial dislocation. Since the patient was asymptomatic, a wait‐and‐see approach was chosen, but a follow‐up MRA after 18 months showed the appearance of a dissecting pseudoaneurysm of the V3 segment of the left vertebral artery. Despite the patient being still asymptomatic, it was decided to proceed with C1–C2 stabilization to prevent further vascular complications. Follow‐up imaging showed realignment of the atlantoaxial joint and reduction of the dissecting pseudoaneurysm of the left vertebral artery. In our patient, screening MRA has led to the discovery of asymptomatic arterial and skeletal abnormalities which, if left untreated, might have led to severe cerebrovascular complications. Therefore, AAD correction or close monitoring with MRA should be provided to MFS patients with this craniovertebral junction anomaly, even if asymptomatic.
Cation Recognition by Dibenzoarsacrowns
Authors: Ogawa Kenta , Sumida Akifumi , Ami Takahiro , Oka Kouki , Tohnai Norimitsu , Miyake Yusuke , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke
Published: November 2023

We recently reported dibenzoarsacrowns as a novel class of host molecules, and in this work, prepared four dibenzoarsacrowns:12‐dibenzoarsacrown‐4, 15‐dibenzoarsacrown‐5, 18‐dibenzoarsacrown‐6, and 21‐dibenzoarsacrown‐7, and investigated their guest recognition behaviors for alkali metal and ammonium cations (Li+, Na+, K+, and NH4+). It was found that the triphenylarsine moiety of the dibenzoarsacrowns could be electrochemically oxidized and that their oxidation potentials shifted in response to perturbation because of the weak interaction between the arsenic atom and guest cations. Thus, dibenzoarsacrowns could electrochemically detect cations with sizes that fit the host cavity. Electron spin resonance measurements revealed the generation of cation radical species of arsenic under the application of voltage and supported the idea that the interaction between the arsenic atom and guest cations played a crucial role in the detection of cations. In addition, ion chromatography studies showed that size‐selective cation recognition by dibenzoarsacrowns was achievable even in aqueous solutions.
Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and phospho‐tau217 concentration ratios increase the accuracy of amyloid PET classification in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rissman Robert A. , Langford Oliver , Raman Rema , Donohue Michael C. , Abdel‐Latif Sara , Meyer Matthew R. , Wente‐Roth Traci , Kirmess Kristopher M. , Ngolab Jennifer , Winston Charisse N. , Jimenez‐Maggiora Gustavo , Rafii Michael S. , Sachdev Pallavi , West Tim , Yarasheski Kevin E. , Braunstein Joel B. , Irizarry Michael , Johnson Keith A. , Aisen Paul S. , Sperling Reisa A. ,   for the AHEAD 3‐45 Study team
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

Incorporating blood‐based Alzheimer's disease biomarkers such as tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) into screening algorithms may improve screening efficiency.

METHODS

Plasma Aβ, phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)181, and p‐tau217 concentration levels from AHEAD 3–45 study participants were measured using mass spectrometry. Tau concentration ratios for each proteoform were calculated to normalize for inter‐individual differences. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for each biomarker against amyloid positivity, defined by > 20 Centiloids. Mixture of experts analysis assessed the value of including tau concentration ratios into the existing predictive algorithm for amyloid positron emission tomography status.

RESULTS

The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was 0.87 for Aβ42/Aβ40, 0.74 for phosphorylated variant p‐tau181 ratio (p‐tau181/np‐tau181), and 0.92 for phosphorylated variant p‐tau217 ratio (p‐tau217/np‐tau217). The Plasma Predicted Centiloid (PPC), a predictive model including p‐tau217/np‐tau217, Aβ42/Aβ40, age, and apolipoprotein E improved AUC to 0.95.

DISCUSSION

Including plasma p‐tau217/np‐tau217 along with Aβ42/Aβ40 in predictive algorithms may streamline screening preclinical individuals into anti‐amyloid clinical trials. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04468659

Highlights

The addition of plasma phosphorylated variant p‐tau217 ratio (p‐tau217/np‐tau217) significantly improved plasma biomarker algorithms for identifying preclinical amyloid positron emission tomography positivity.

Prediction performance at higher NAV Centiloid levels was improved with p‐tau217/np‐tau217.

All models generated for this study are incorporated into the Plasma Predicted Centiloid (PPC) app for public use.
Sequence‐Tunable Phase Behavior and Intrinsic Fluorescence in Dynamically Interacting Peptides
Authors: Sementa Deborah , Dave Dhwanit , Fisher Rachel S. , Wang Tong , Elbaum‐Garfinkle Shana , Ulijn Rein V.
Published: November 2023

A conceptual framework towards understanding biological condensed phases is emerging, derived from biological, biomimetic, and synthetic sequences. However, de novo peptide condensate design remains a challenge due to an incomplete understanding of the structural and interactive complexity. We designed peptide modules based on a simple repeat motif composed of tripeptide spacers (GSG, SGS, GLG) interspersed with adhesive amino acids (R/H and Y). We show, using sequence editing and a combination of computation and experiment, that n→π* interactions in GLG backbones are a dominant factor in providing sufficient backbone structure, which in turn regulates the water interface, collectively promoting liquid droplet formation. Moreover, these R(GLG)Y and H(GLG)Y condensates unexpectedly display sequence‐dependent emission that is a consequence of their non‐covalent network interactions, and readily observable by confocal microscopy.
Bio‐fabrication and characterization of nano‐silver using Kickxia elatine plant and its anti‐diabetic effect on alloxan‐induced Sprague Dawley rats — An in vivo approach
Authors: Huda Noor Ul , Ahmed Mushtaq , Mushtaq Nadia
Published: November 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent, fatal, and non‐contagious diseases. Therefore, researchers are making attempts to develop novel anti‐diabetic drugs using various organic compounds and biomolecules. The idea of using nano‐materials as anti‐diabetic agents seems interesting. The current study aims to develop Kickxia elatine (KE) extract‐based nano‐silver (KE‐AgNPs) and to evaluate their in vivo anti‐diabetic potency in female Sprague Dawley rats. KE‐AgNPs were characterized using UV spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Electron Diffraction X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) techniques. The crystalline nature of KE‐AgNPs with a size of 42.47 nm is confirmed by XRD screening. Spherical‐shaped mono‐dispersed KE‐AgNPs with a mean size of 50 nm are validated by SEM examination. The different phyto‐compounds (tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, saponins, phenols, carbohydrates, quinones, sterols, fats, and oils) that contribute to the stabilization and reduction of KE‐AgNPs are confirmed by FTIR analysis. EDX showed a strong peak (3.2 keV) that identified Ag as the main component with a 61.67% contribution. The use of Alloxan to induce diabetes resulted in elevated levels of blood sugar, HbA1c, liver, and lipid profile, as well as a drastic reduction in body weight, body organ weight, and Hemoglobin. These modifications were switched following 21 days of treatment of diabetic rats, and a dosage range of 150–450 mg kg−1 BW of KE extract and KE‐AgNPs demonstrated significant inhibition as compared with the diabetic untreated group. The phytochemical analysis of the KE plant was also assessed to examine the phyto‐compounds involved in the anti‐diabetic potential of KE extract and KE‐AgNPs. These findings suggested that, in comparison with the KE extract, KE‐AgNPs have demonstrated promising anti‐diabetic action.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Directed C−H Functionalization in/on Water
Authors: Shah Tariq A. , Sarkar Tanumay , Kar Subhradeep , Maharana Prabhat Kumar , Talukdar Kangkan , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: November 2023

Directing group assisted C−H bond functionalization using transition‐metal‐catalysis has emerged as a reliable synthetic tool for the construction of regioselective carbon‐carbon/heteroatom bonds. Off late, “in/on water directed transition‐metal‐catalysis”, though still underdeveloped, has appeared as one of the prominent themes in sustainable organic chemistry. This article covers the advancements, mechanistic insights and application of the sustainable directed C−H bond functionalization of (hetero)arenes in/on water in the presence of transition‐metal‐catalysis.
Investigation of Mechanochromic Luminescence of Pyrene‐based Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens: Correlation between Molecular Packing and Luminescence Behavior
Authors: Varghese Eldhose V. , Yao Chia‐Yu , Chen Chia‐Hsiang
Published: November 2023

To better understand the correlation between molecular structure and optical properties such as aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) emission, two new pyrene‐based derivatives with substitutions at the 4‐ and 5‐positions (1HH) and at the 4‐, 5‐, 9‐, and 10‐positions (2HH) were designed and synthesized. Cyano groups were introduced at the periphery of the synthesized compounds (1HCN, 1OCN, 1BCN, 2HCN, 2OCN, and 2BCN) to investigate the influence of these groups on the emission properties of the pyrene derivatives both in solution and in the solid state. The fluorescence emission performance of these compounds in water/acetone mixtures was simultaneously studied, revealing outstanding aggregation‐induced emission properties. The typical shift in emission maxima to higher values was attributed to J‐aggregate formation in the aggregate state. Careful investigation of the crystal structures demonstrated abundant and intense intermolecular interactions, such as C−H…π and C−H…N hydrogen bonds, contributing to the remarkable mechanochromic luminescence performance of these compounds. The MCL properties of all the compounds were investigated using powder X‐ray diffraction, and the remarkable mechanochromic properties were attributed to J‐aggregate phenomena in the solid state. These results provide valuable insights into the structure‐property relationship of organic MCL materials, guiding the design of efficient organic MCL materials.
Leveraging automated approaches to categorize birth defects from abstracted birth hospitalization data
Authors: Newton Suzanne M. , Distler Samantha , Woodworth Kate R. , Chang Daniel , Roth Nicole M. , Board Amy , Hutcherson Hailee , Cragan Janet D. , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Tong Van T.
Published: November 2023

Background

The Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Pregnant People and Infants Network (SET‐NET) collects data abstracted from medical records and birth defects registries on pregnant people and their infants to understand outcomes associated with prenatal exposures. We developed an automated process to categorize possible birth defects for prenatal COVID‐19, hepatitis C, and syphilis surveillance. By employing keyword searches, fuzzy matching, natural language processing (NLP), and machine learning (ML), we aimed to decrease the number of cases needing manual clinician review.

Methods

SET‐NET captures International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) codes and free text describing birth defects. For unstructured data, we used keyword searches, and then conducted fuzzy matching with a cut‐off match score of ≥90%. Finally, we employed NLP and ML by testing three predictive models to categorize birth defect data.

Results

As of June 2023, 8326 observations containing data on possible birth defects were submitted to SET‐NET. The majority (n = 6758 [81%]) were matched to an ICD‐10‐CM code and 1568 (19%) were unable to be matched. Through keyword searches and fuzzy matching, we categorized 1387/1568 possible birth defects. Of the remaining 181 unmatched observations, we correctly categorized 144 (80%) using a predictive model.

Conclusions

Using automated approaches allowed for categorization of 99.6% of reported possible birth defects, which helps detect possible patterns requiring further investigation. Without employing these analytic approaches, manual review would have been needed for 1568 observations. These methods can be employed to quickly and accurately sift through data to inform public health responses.
Does grammar school attendance increase the likelihood of attending a prestigious UK university?
Authors: Capsada‐Munsech Queralt , Boliver Vikki
Published: November 2023

In 2018 the UK government launched a £50 million scheme to fund the expansion of existing grammar schools provided that they increase efforts to attract more pupils from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. This initiative assumed that grammar school attendance boosts the educational attainment and the higher education progression rates of pupils judged to be of high ability. It is already well established that grammar school pupils' higher average levels of educational attainment are due largely to their academic and social selectivity. The evidence in relation to higher education enrolment conditional on educational attainment, however, is more mixed. This paper sets out to update and improve on previous studies of the impact of grammar school attendance on higher education enrolment. Our analysis of data from the Next Steps longitudinal survey linked to National Pupil Database records finds that propensities to enrol in higher education generally, and at prestigious Russell Group universities specifically, are no better for grammar school pupils than for non‐selective state school pupils with the same level of attainment at GCSE and A‐level. This nil effect of grammar school attendance on progression to higher education net of the effects of educational attainment holds regardless of pupils' socioeconomic background, suggesting that grammar schools are no better than non‐selective state schools as facilitators of upward social mobility.
NLISA versus enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay: Nanozyme‐linked immunosorbent array based on platinum sub‐nanocluster nanozyme for α‐fetoprotein detection
Authors: Zhang Huanzong , Wang Qingshui , Cai Fan , Huang Chaoqun , Wang Yinghui , Zhang Junneng , Huang Jinxu
Published: November 2023

Rapid and accurate identification of tumor metabolic markers is important for early tumor diagnosis and individualized treatment. Here, a stable monodisperse sub‐nanometer platinum (Pt) material was developed as a highly efficient nanozyme with a specific activity of peroxidase as high as 20.86 U mg−1 through the growth of in situ domain‐limited Pt quantum dots via the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone. Further, the synthesis of large quantities of Pt‐loaded SiO2 (Pt‐SiO2) was determined by silylation reaction and used for naked eye colorimetric testing of human alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP). In particular, the immunization incubation process occurred in preprepared microplates. A nanozyme‐based immunomodel was constructed in the presence of the target AFP, and a chromogenic reaction occurred with exogenous hydrogen peroxide and the chromogenic substrate tetramethylbenzidine. On optimization of experimental conditions, the dynamic working response range for AFP was found to be 0.05–20 ng mL−1, with a limit of detection of 38.7 pg mL−1. This work provides a new strategy to design efficient nanozyme‐based enzyme‐linked immunochromatographic platforms to meet the practical use of replacing natural enzymes.
Assessing the impact of the sustainable development goals on corporate philanthropy: A study of Canada's leading private sector companies
Authors: Billedeau David Benjamin , Wilson Jeffrey
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the impact of the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) on community investment (CI), otherwise known as corporate philanthropic expenditures, among Canada's leading private sector companies. The study investigates whether there have been discernible shifts in CI relative to net profit after tax (NPAT) before and after the introduction of the SDGs in 2015, and whether corporations' commitment to the SDGs and/or membership in the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) have resulted in material increases to CI expenditures. The analysis is based on descriptive statistics, comparing the mean and standard deviation of CI as a percentage of NPAT across 58 firms included in our study. The findings reveal a minor decrease in CI as a percentage of NPAT following the introduction of the SDGs and lower average CI amounts among corporations committed to the SDGs and firms with UNGC membership. This paper offers an interpretive analysis of the results, highlighting the implications of potential greenwashing and the importance of corporate transparency. Further, we emphasize the need for policies to ensure genuine corporate financial commitment to socioeconomic and environmental causes.
Augmented reality experience: An examination of viewer responses to sports videos
Authors: Du Zhao , Wang Tianjiao , Wang Fang , Wang Shan
Published: November 2023

Augmented reality (AR) offers a transforming user experience and has been increasingly integrated into entertainment and service contexts. Drawing on experience economy theory and employing a mixed‐methods approach, this research evaluates the antecedents and consequences of four realms of viewer experiences: entertainment, educational, aesthetic, and escapist experiences, in AR‐infused sports videos. A qualitative study of semi‐structured interviews highlights three critical AR features in sports videos (i.e., novelty, vividness, and informativeness) in shaping viewer experiences. Subsequently, a research model is formulated to elucidate the relationships among AR features, four realms of viewer experiences, and behavioral intentions. A quantitative analysis based on survey data reveals that AR features exert varying effects on viewers' entertainment, educational, and aesthetic experiences, yet none significantly affects escapist experience, which is relatively trivial in viewers' overall experience. Entertainment, educational, aesthetic, and escapist experiences have various influences on viewers' intentions to watch again, to recommend, and to pay, except that entertainment and educational experiences do not significantly affect intention to pay. This research stresses the importance of understanding multiple aspects of user experiences in AR research and provides useful guidelines for AR features and viewer experience design in sports videos.
Dendrocandin U fromDendrobium officinaleKimura et Migo Inhibits M1 Polarization in Alveolar Macrophage by Suppressing NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Piao Xian‐Mei , Feng Ming‐Feng , Zhao Wei‐Ping , Wu Zhi‐Hang , Zhang Wen‐Wen , Hou Hui‐Min , Wang Jin‐Hui , Wang Li‐Bo , Huang Jian , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2023

Dendrobium officinaleKimura et Migo is a valuable and homologous medicine and food traditional Chinese medicine. Currently there are few studies on the anti‐inflammatory activity of lipophilic components. The aim of this study was to explore the anti‐inflammatory effect and mechanism of the lipophilic compounds inDendrobium officinale. Six compounds were isolated and identified, including three bibenzyl compounds, dendrocandin U, dendronbibisline B, erianin, and three lignans, (−)‐syringaresinol, (+)‐syringaresinol‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, 5‐methoxy‐(+)‐isolariciresinol. Among them, dendronbibisline B and 5‐methoxy‐(+)‐isolariciresinol were isolated fromDendrobium officinalefor the first time. Besides, we found dendrocandin U, dendronbibisline B and (−)‐syringaresinol exhibited the anti‐inflammation to inhibit nitric oxide secretion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN‐γ) in MH−S cells. Furthermore, dendrocandin U could inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), Cluster of Differentiation 86 (CD86), and reduce inflammatory morphological changes of macrophages. Meanwhile, we confirmed that the anti‐inflammation mechanism of dendrocandin U was to inhibit M1 polarization by suppressing toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/recombinant myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway. In this paper, dendrocandin U with significant anti‐inflammatory activity was found fromDendrobium officinale, which could provide a basis for the study of its anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Evasion of opsonization of macromolecules using novel surface‐modification and biological‐camouflage‐mediated techniques for next‐generation drug delivery
Authors: Mehta Parth , Shende Pravin
Published: November 2023

Opsonization plays a pivotal role in hindering controlled drug release from nanoformulations due to macrophage‐mediated nanoparticle destruction. While first and second‐generation delivery systems, such as lipoplexes (50–150 nm) and quantum dots, hold immense potential in revolutionizing disease treatment through spatiotemporal controlled drug delivery, their therapeutic efficacy is restricted by the selective labeling of nanoparticles for uptake by reticuloendothelial system and mononuclear phagocyte system via various molecular forces, such as electrostatic, hydrophobic, and van der Waals bonds. This review article presents novel insights into surface‐modification techniques utilizing macromolecule‐mediated approaches, including PEGylation, di‐block copolymerization, and multi‐block polymerization. These techniques induce stealth properties by generating steric forces to repel micromolecular‐opsonins, such as fibrinogen, thereby mitigating opsonization effects. Moreover, advanced biological methods, like cellular hitchhiking and dysopsonic protein adsorption, are highlighted for their potential to induce biological camouflage by adsorbing onto the nanoparticulate surface, leading to immune escape. These significant findings pave the way for the development of long‐circulating next‐generation nanoplatforms capable of delivering superior therapy to patients. Future integration of artificial intelligence‐based algorithms, integrated with nanoparticle properties such as shape, size, and surface chemistry, can aid in elucidating nanoparticulate‐surface morphology and predicting interactions with the immune system, providing valuable insights into the probable path of opsonization.
Investigation Of The Biosynthesis Pathway That Generates cis‐Jasmone
Authors: Inoue Shiro , Tsuzuki Hiromu , Matsuda Kazuhiko , Kitaoka Naoki , Matsuura Hideyuki
Published: November 2023

Researchers have established that (+)‐7‐iso‐jasmonic acid ((+)‐7‐iso‐JA) is an intermediate in the production of cis‐jasmone (CJ); however, the biosynthetic pathway of CJ has not been fully described. Previous reports stated that CJ, a substructure of pyrethrin II produced by pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), is not biosynthesized through this biosynthetic pathway. To clarify the ambiguity, stable isotope‐labelled jasmonates were synthesized, and compounds were applied to apple mint (Mentha suaveolens) via air propagation. The results showed that cis‐jasmone is not generated from intermediate (+)‐7‐iso‐JA, and (+)‐7‐iso‐JA is not produced from 3,7‐dideydro‐JA (3,7‐ddh‐JA); however, 3,7‐didehydro‐JA and 4,5‐didehydro‐7‐iso‐JA were converted into CJ and JA, respectively.
Chimeric Small Molecules for Detouring Drugs into Mitochondria to Engender Apoptosis in Cancer Cells
Authors: Mishra Tripti , Gautam Abhinav , Ingle Jaypalsing , Basu Sudipta
Published: November 2023

Mitochondrion has appeared as one of the important targets for anti‐cancer therapy. Subsequently, small molecule anti‐cancer drugs are directed to the mitochondria for improved therapeutic efficacy. However, simultaneous imaging and impairing mitochondria by a single probe remained a major challenge. To address this, herein Chimeric Small Molecules (CSMs) encompassing drugs, fluorophore and mitochondria homing moiety were designed and synthesized through a concise strategy. Screening of the CSMs in a panel of cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF7, A549, and HCT‐116) revealed that one of the CSMs comprising Indomethacin V exhibited remarkable cervical cancer cell (HeLa) killing (IC50=0.97 μM). This lead CSM homed into the mitochondria of HeLa cells within 1 h followed by mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This novel Indomethacin V‐based CSM‐mediated mitochondrial damage induced programmed cell death (apoptosis). We anticipate these CSMs can be used as tools to understand the drug effects in organelle chemical biology in diseased states.
Physicochemical characteristics and popping efficiencies of popping beans from different breeding programs and grow‐out locations
Authors: Rezaey Mahvash , Heitholt Jim , Miles Carol , Ganjyal Girish M.
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives

Popping beans are genotypes developed from crosses between nuña beans and common beans adapted to temperate climates. Toasted popping beans are a potential snack with a nutty flavor and malted milk ball‐like texture. Except for moisture content, the influence of other factors of raw beans on their popping efficiency has remained understudied. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the proximate composition, functional properties, and their impact on the popping efficiency of 20 popping bean samples from different lines, harvest seasons, and locations.

Findings

Results showed significant differences (p < .05) in physicochemical characteristics and functional properties among the samples, including differences in starch, protein, fiber, fat, moisture, and ash content. The water absorption index, the water solubility index, and flour swelling power also significantly differed between samples. The highest popping efficiency was 98.3%, while the lowest popping efficiency was 24.0%, with no significant correlation between physicochemical characteristics and popping efficiency. However, the study did find a correlation between pericarp color and popping percentage.

Conclusion

There was no significant correlation between physicochemical characteristics and popping efficiency in popping beans.
Physicochemical properties of buckwheat flours and their influence on focaccia bread quality
Authors: Nalbandian Elizabeth , Karkle Elisa , Ganjyal Girish M.
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives

The effects of buckwheat/wheat flour blends on bread production were investigated. Focaccia bread was prepared with 25%, 50%, and 75% substitution rates of whole (WBK) and dehulled buckwheat flour (DBK) with refined wheat bread flour. The physicochemical properties of the flours, their dough properties, and focaccia quality were studied.

Findings

The flours showed differences in protein content; the WBK was high in fiber, while the DBK was composed mainly of starch. The peak time in the mixograph increased, and the height at peak time decreased as the buckwheat substitution rate increased. Gluten dilution partially explains these results. The specific volume of the focaccia decreased with 50% and 75% substitution rates of WBF, possibly attributable to fiber particles limiting the expansion of gas cells in the bread. The number of such cells, measured by the C‐cell, increased and cell diameters decreased as the buckwheat substitution levels increased. These trends were also evident in the decrease in bread density.

Conclusions

Focaccia, with 25% WBK and 25% and 50% DBK, had acceptable quality attributes comparable to those of the control.

Significance and Novelty

This research furthers understanding of the functional behavior of buckwheat flour in baked products.
Additively custom‐made 3D‐printed subperiosteal implants for the rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxilla (a case report)
Authors: Arshad Mahnaz , Khoramshahi Nourin , Shirani Gholamreza
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Subperiosteal implants might be the future first‐line treatment in patients with compromised alveolar ridges, although the use of proper techniques and pre‐surgical imaging is required to ensure treatment success.

Severe bone loss puts the success of endosseous implants at risk. This technical report aims to introduce the subperiosteal implants (SPIs) created through additive manufacturing. A case study is presented, outlining the process and strategies employed to fully restore a maxillary structure using a customized subperiosteal implant. The patient, who had previously faced disappointment with traditional endosseous implants, received a customized SPI. A detailed 3‐year follow‐up is also provided. The design of the subperiosteal framework and abutments is based on digital records of the patient's jaw structure and a radiographic stent during occlusion. This ensures optimal placement within the dental arch. The implant and abutments are then three‐dimensional (3D) printed using a titanium alloy, while a provisional denture is 3D‐printed using polymer materials. SPIs offer a viable alternative for individuals with severe jaw bone degeneration, as demonstrated in this report detailing their application in complete maxillary restoration. This patient‐specific, prosthesis‐driven approach avoids the need for bone grafting and enables immediate functional recovery through a single surgical procedure.
Impact of the Electrochemically Inert Furan Ring on the Oxidation of the Alcohol and Aldehyde Functional Group of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)
Authors: Sobota Lennart , Bondue Christoph J. , Hosseini Pouya , Kaiser Christoph , Spallek Marius , Tschulik Kristina
Published: November 2023

The electrochemical oxidation of bio‐based 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) results in 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which is a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative to terephthalic acid. Using a gold electrode, we compare the electrochemical oxidation of the aldehyde and alcohol functionality in HMF to the isolated functionalities represented by ethanol and acetaldehyde. Thereby, we investigate the effect of the inert furan ring on the electrochemical reaction. The linear sweep voltammogram (LSV) of HMF in a weakly adsorbing electrolyte differs only marginally from the superposition of LSVs obtained in ethanol and acetaldehyde containing electrolytes. However, in the presence of strong adsorbates, only the kinetics of ethanol and acetaldehyde oxidation but not of HMF oxidation are hampered. We assign this to a stronger adsorption of HMF through the furan ring than through the alcohol and carbonyl functionality of ethanol and acetaldehyde. Hence, HMF is better equipped to compete for adsorption sites than aliphatic compounds.
Pretreatment Process Before Heat Pyrolysis of Plant‐based Precursors Paving Way for Fabricating High‐Performance Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Tianyun , Zhang Tian , Wang Fujuan , Ran Fen
Published: November 2023

The increasing demand for sodium‐ion batteries has risen due to sodium resources that are inexpensive and abundant compared with its counterpart of lithium‐ion batteries. Development of anode materials with high performance is central issue for sodium‐ion batteries. Plant‐based hard carbon material is a promising anode material for sodium ion batteries due to its green preparation process, favorable ions transport channel, and special porous structure. Previous studies have not systematically correlated the material's inherent structure limitation with its electrochemical properties, resulting in a complex classification and a lack selection of pretreatment methods. In this review, the intrinsic limitations in the structure of plant‐based precursors are divided into four parts, including impure components, single chemical structure, uncontrollable crystalline texture, and irregular porous structure. The previous pretreatment methods are reclassified, including purification component aiming at plant‐based precursors, optimized structure, and precabornized process aiming at intermediate products. Furthermore, the pretreatment strategies are discussed according to the preferred structures of plant‐based hard carbon and the relationship between structure and performance is systematically expounded. This review provides deep understanding of the mechanism of pretreatment and a guide for selecting appropriate pretreatment strategies to optimize the structure of plant‐based hard carbon for sodium ion batteries.
Ultrathin Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets for Selective Photocatalytic C2H2 Semihydrogenation in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Dai Haojie , Zhang Ruolan , Liu Zhengyao , Jiang Wenfeng , Zhou Yongfeng
Published: November 2023

The selective semihydrogenation of C2H2 to C2H4 in crude C2H4 (with ~1 vol % C2H2 contamination) is a crucial process in the manufacture of polyethylene. Comparing to conventional thermalcatalytic route with Pd as catalyst under high temperature with H2 as hydrogen source, photocatalytic C2H2 reduction reaction with H2O as hydrogen source can achieve high selectivity under milder conditions, but has rarely been reported. Here, we present a kind of ultrathin metal–organic framework nanosheets (Cu‐Co‐MNSs) that demonstrate excellent catalytic activities in the semihydrogenation of C2H2. Employing Ru(bpy)32+ as the photosensitizer, this catalyst attains a noteworthy turnover number (TON) of 2124 for C2H4, coupled with an impressive selectivity of 99.5 % after 12 h visible light irradiation. This performance is comparable to molecular catalysts and notably surpasses the efficiency of bulk metal–organic framework materials. Furthermore, Cu‐Co‐MNSs achieve a 99.95 % conversion of C2H2 under industrial relevant conditions (1.10 % C2H2 in C2H4) with 90.3 % selectivity for C2H4 over C2H6, demonstrating a great potential for polymer‐grade C2H4 production.
Gd3TeBO9: A Rare‐Earth Borate with Significant Magnetocaloric Effect
Authors: Zhou Changqing , Li Rukang
Published: November 2023

Magnetic refrigeration technology based on Gd‐based paramagnets is expected to be applied to refrigeration in extremely low temperatures, thereby reducing the consumption of liquid helium. Here, we obtained a compound, Gd3TeBO9 with high Gd3+ concentration through element substitution. The Gd3+ concentration in this compound is as high as 2.4×1024 ions/kg, which is 33 % higher than the commercial Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG), and further magnetic tests show that Gd3TeBO9 has a large magnetic entropy change (57.44 J/(kg K) and 408 mJ/(cm3 K) at 2.6 K and 7 T), which is 1.5 times that of GGG, implying the possibility of its further development as an potential magnetocaloric material.
Efficacy and feasibility of vein of Marshall ethanol infusion during persistent atrial fibrillation ablation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ge Wei‐Li , Li Tao , Lu Yi‐Fei , Jiang Jian‐Jun , Tung Tao‐Hsin , Yan Su‐Hua
Published: November 2023

Background

Catheter ablation (CA) is currently used to treat persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF). However, its effectiveness is limited. This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of the vein of Marshall absolute ethanol injection (VOM‐EI) for PeAF ablation.

Hypothesis

Adjunctive vein of Marshall ethanol injection (VOM‐EI) strategies are more effective than conventional catheter ablation (CA) and have similar safety outcomes.

Methods

We extensively searched the literature for studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of VOM‐EI + CA compared with CA alone. The primary endpoint was the rate of acute bidirectional block of the isthmus of the mitral annulus (MIBB). The secondary endpoints were atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial tachycardia (AT) recurrence over 30 seconds after a 3‐month blanking period. Weighted pooled risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model.

Results

Based on the selection criteria, nine studies were included in this systematic review, including patients with AF (n = 2508), persistent AF (n = 1829), perimitral flutter (n = 103), and perimitral AT (n = 165). There were 1028 patients in the VOM‐EI + CA group and 1605 in the CA alone group. The VOM‐EI + CA group showed a lower rate of AF/AT relapse (RR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.53–0.91; p = .008) and a higher rate of acute MIBB (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.11–1.50; p = .0007) than the CA alone group.

Conclusion

Our meta‐analysis revealed that adjunctive VOM‐EI strategies are more effective than conventional CA and have similar safety outcomes.
Characterization and LDL‐C management in a cohort of high and very high cardiovascular risk patients: The PORTRAIT‐DYS study
Authors: Gavina Cristina , Seabra‐Carvalho Daniel , Aguiar Carlos , Anastassopoulou Anastassia , Teixeira Carla , Ruivo Jorge A. , Almeida Élia , Luz‐Duarte Leonor , Corte‐Real Ana , Canelas‐Pais Mariana , Taveira‐Gomes Tiago
Published: November 2023

Aim

This study aims to characterize sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, use of lipid‐lowering therapies (LLTs), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) control in a population with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk.

Methods

A cross‐sectional observational study that uses electronic health records of patients from one hospital and across 14 primary care health centers in the North of Portugal, spanning from 2000 to 2020 (index date). Patients presented at least (i) 1 year of clinical data before inclusion, (ii) one primary care appointment 3 years before the index date, and (iii) sufficient data for CV risk classification. Patients were divided into three cohorts: high CV risk; atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk equivalents without established ASCVD; evidence of ASCVD. CV risk and LDL‐C control were defined by the 2019 and 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) dyslipidemia guidelines.

Results

A total of 51 609 patients were included, with 23 457 patients classified as high CV risk, 19 864 with ASCVD equivalents, and 8288 with evidence of ASCVD. LDL‐C control with 2016 ESC/EAS guidelines was 32%, 10%, and 18% for each group, respectively. Considering the ESC/EAS 2019 guidelines control level was even lower: 7%, 3%, and 7% for the same cohorts, respectively. Patients without any LLT prescribed ranged from 37% in the high CV risk group to 15% in patients with evidence of ASCVD.

Conclusion

We found that LDL‐C control was very low in patients at higher risk of CV events. An alarming gap between guidelines on dyslipidemia management and clinical implementation persists, even in those at very high risk or with established ASCVD.
Pre‐and post‐HSCT use of TKI therapy for fusion‐driven B‐ALL: A case series of five pediatric, adolescent and young adult patients
Authors: Shumock Savannah S. , Temple William C. , Marinoff Amanda , Aaronson Kathryn , Southworth Erica , Xirenayi Simayijiang , Lee Alex G. , Leung Stanley G. , Sweet‐Cordero E. Alejandro , Hermiston Michelle , Higham Christine , Stieglitz Elliot
Published: November 2023

Background

The development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has significantly improved survival rates among patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+) B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). Ph‐like B‐ALL patients lack the BCR::ABL1 translocation but share gene expression profiles with Ph+ B‐ALL. The role of TKIs for Ph‐like patients pre‐ and post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is not yet clear.

Case

Here we present five cases of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients who presented with Ph‐like B‐ALL or CML in B‐ALL blast phase who were treated with personalized TKI regimens pre‐ and post‐HSCT.

Conclusion

This report describes several novel Ph‐like fusions as well as combinations of TKIs with chemotherapy or immunotherapy not yet reported in the pediatric population. This case series provides real‐world experience highlighting the potential application of pre‐ and post‐HSCT use of TKIs in a subset of patients with targetable fusions.
Nickel‐Tin Nanoalloy Supported ZnO Catalysts from Mixed‐Metal Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for Selective Conversion of Glycerol to 1,2‐Propanediol
Authors: Nimbalkar Ajaysing S. , Oh Kyung‐Ryul , Han Seung Ju , Yun Gwang‐Nam , Cha Seung Hyeok , Upare Pravin P. , Awad Ali , Hwang Dong Won , Hwang Young Kyu
Published: November 2023

The successful synthesis of finely tuned Ni1.5Sn nanoalloy phases containing ZnO catalyst with a small particle size (6.7 nm) from a mixed‐metal zeolitic imidazolate framework (MM‐ZIF) is investigated. The catalyst was evaluated for the efficient production of 1,2‐propanediol (1,2‐PDO) from crude glycerol and comprehensively characterized using several analytical techniques. Among the catalysts, 3Ni1Sn/ZnO (Ni/Sn=3/1) showed the best catalytic performance and produced the highest yield (94.2 %) of 1,2‐PDO at ~100 % conversion of glycerol; it also showed low apparent activation energy (15.4 kJ/mol) and excellent stability. The results demonstrated that the synergy between Ni−Sn alloy, finely dispersed Ni metallic sites, and the Lewis acidity of SnOx species‐loaded ZnO played a pivotal role in the high activity and selectivity of the catalyst. The confirmation of acetol intermediate and theoretical calculations verify the Ni1.5Sn phases provide the least energetic pathway for the formation of 1,2‐PDO selectively. The reusability of solvent for successive ZIF synthesis, along with the excellent recyclability of the ZIF‐derived catalyst, enables an overall sustainable process. We believe that the present synthetic protocol that uses MM‐ZIF for the conversion of various biomass‐derived platform chemicals into valuable products can be applied to various nanoalloy preparations.
Decoupled and compensated space vector pulse width modulation algorithm for dual‐channel PMSM with unbalanced power supplies
Authors: Yu Feng , Wang Zinuo , Wang Yao , Zhou Chenhui
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates an improved space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and channel‐decoupled method for dual‐channel permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) powered by unbalanced battery packs. Recently, individual power supplied voltage source inverter (VSI) is introduced considering insufficient power rating and unsafe driving in electrical vehicles (EVs). However, the issues of strong coupling and unbalanced power supplies exist between channels. Firstly, a modular topology is constructed to improve the reliability and security of the system. Secondly, the channel‐decoupled method is introduced based on multi‐dq rather than the conventional vector space decomposition (VSD) to eliminate coupling among multi‐channel. Thereafter, the variable distribution of voltage vectors (VVs) is corrected by the proposed SVPWM, where the switch can be operated appropriately. Finally, the comparative experiments are carried out focusing on decoupling and unbalanced power supplies, and the results present superior performance in terms of low torque fluctuation and balanced channel currents.
Inflammation and autonomic balance in cirrhosis: Association between sympathetic nervous system and osteopontin, interleukin‐22, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐1Ra concentrations according to portal hypertension and disease severity
Authors: Miceli Giuseppe , Pennisi Grazia , Agnello Luisa , Calvaruso Vincenza , Amodio Emanuele , Casuccio Alessandra , Pintus Chiara , Basso Maria Grazia , Pipitone Rosaria Maria , Daidone Mario , Zito Rossella , Lupo Giulia , Petta Salvatore , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Ciaccio Marcello , Grimaudo Stefania , CraxÌ Antonio , Tuttolomondo Antonino
Published: November 2023

Background

The autonomic nervous system is linked to hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis and several studies have highlighted the crucial role that systemic inflammation elicits in altering sympathovagal equilibrium with the consequent reduction in heart rate variability (HRV).

To investigate the correlation between time‐domain HRV parameters, serum cytokines concentrations and portal hypertension, we studied a cohort of patients with cirrhosis, accounting for etiology and treatments.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional, observational cohort study, 107 outpatients with non‐alcoholic cirrhosis were assessed consecutively by abdominal ultrasound and by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to search for esophagogastric varices. 24‐h electrocardiogram Holter monitoring with time‐domain HRV measurement (square root of the mean of successive differences of Normal‐to‐Normal [NN] [RMSSD], standard deviation or the square root of variance [SDNN] and standard deviation of the means of the NN intervals calculated over a 5‐min period [SDANN]) was performed and serum concentrations of osteopontin (OPN), interleukin (IL)‐22, IL‐6, IL‐1Ra and IL‐17 were obtained in all patients.

Results

IL‐6, OPN, IL‐22 and IL‐1Ra concentrations in cirrhotic patients were associated with disease severity expressed by Child‐Pugh and MELD score, to some portal hypertension's indirect signs and some of its complications. A significant increase in systemic concentrations of OPN in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was encountered. SDANN and SDNN values were indirectly related to serum levels of IL‐6, OPN, IL‐1Ra and IL‐22.

Conclusions

This study underlines the interaction between the alteration of the ANS and the activation of inflammatory pathways that characterize cirrhosis taking into account clinical characteristics and treatments.
Comparison of poisoning deaths with wastewater‐based consumption estimates and assessment of fatal toxicity for amphetamine‐type stimulant drugs
Authors: Kriikku Pirkko , Kankaanpää Aino , Gunnar Teemu , Ojanperä Ilkka
Published: November 2023

Among several established indicators that are used to monitor the illicit drug scene, drug‐related deaths and wastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE) stand out for population‐level coverage. In this study, we aimed to compare temporal trends with respect to amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) revealed by these indicators and explore the differences in fatal toxicity between the stimulants. All deaths in which poisoning caused by amphetamine, methamphetamine or MDMA was either the underlying or contributing cause of death in Finland in 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2020 were included in the study. Consumption of the studied drugs was measured by WBE in the same years. There was a significant correlation between poisoning and drug consumption for all three stimulants, and for amphetamine and MDMA, these figures increased over the study period. The highest fatal toxicity, as expressed by the number of deaths per million doses, was obtained for methamphetamine at an estimated dose of 50 mg, followed by MDMA (100 mg dose) and with amphetamine (50 mg dose). The fatal toxicity found here for the stimulants was close to that previously reported for many prescription opioids and tricyclic antidepressants. Our study is the first to quantitatively investigate the fatal toxicity of amphetamine‐type stimulants by comparing deaths with consumption estimates derived from WBE. It shows that amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA possess a quite similar capacity to cause death. This new approach adds to the earlier methods of estimating drug‐related harm.