bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross-scale analysis to understand and quantify effects of photosynthetic enhancement on crop growth and yield
Authors: Wu Alex , Brider Jason , Busch Florian A. , Chen Min , Chenu Karine , Clarke Victoria C. , Collins Brian , Ermakova Maria , Evans John R. , Farquhar Graham D. , Forster Britta , Furbank Robert T. , Gorszmann Michael , Hernandez Miguel A. , Long Benedict M. , Mclean Greg , Potgieter Andries , Price G. Dean , Sharwood Robert E. , Stower Michael , van Oosterom Erik , von Caemmerer Susanne , Whitney Spencer M. , Hammer Graeme L.
Published: July 2022

Photosynthetic manipulation provides new opportunities for enhancing crop yield. However, understanding and quantifying effectively how the seasonal growth and yield dynamics of target crops might be affected over a wide range of environments is limited. Using a state-of-the-art cross-scale model we predicted crop-level impacts of a broad list of promising photosynthesis manipulation strategies for C3 wheat and C4 sorghum. The manipulation targets have varying effects on the enzyme-limited (Ac) and electron transport-limited (Aj) rates of photosynthesis. In the top decile of seasonal outcomes, yield gains with the list of manipulations were predicted to be modest, ranging between 0 and 8%, depending on the crop type and manipulation. To achieve the higher yield gains, large increases in both Ac and Aj are needed. This could likely be achieved by stacking Rubisco function and electron transport chain enhancements or installing a full CO2 concentrating system. However, photosynthetic enhancement influences the timing and severity of water and nitrogen stress on the crop, confounding yield outcomes. Strategies enhancing Ac alone offers more consistent but smaller yield gains across environments, Aj enhancement alone offers higher gains but is undesirable in less favourable environments. Understanding and quantifying complex cross-scale interactions between photosynthesis and crop yield will challenge and stimulate photosynthesis and crop research.

Summary Statement

Leaf–canopy–crop prediction using a state-of-the-art cross-scale model improves understanding of how photosynthetic manipulation alters wheat and sorghum growth and yield dynamics. This generates novel insights for quantifying impacts of photosynthetic enhancement on crop yield across environments.
Contractile ring composition dictates kinetics ofin silicocontractility
Authors: Cortes Daniel B. , Nedelec Francois , Maddox Amy Shaub
Published: July 2022

Constriction kinetics of the cytokinetic ring are expected to depend on dynamic adjustment of ring composition, but the impact of component abundance dynamics on ring constriction is understudied. Computational models generally assume that contractile networks maintain constant composition. To test how compositional dynamics affect constriction kinetics, we first measured F-actin, non-muscle myosin II, septin, and anillin duringC. eleganszygotic mitosis. A custom microfluidic device that positioned the cell with the division plane parallel to a light sheet allowed even illumination of the cytokinetic ring. Measured component abundances were implemented in an agent-based 3D model of a membrane-associated contractile ring. With constant network composition, constriction occurred with biologically unrealistic kinetics. Measured changes in component quantities elicited realistic constriction kinetics. Simulated networks were more sensitive to changes in motor and filament amounts, than that of crosslinkers and tethers. Our findings highlight the importance of network composition for actomyosin contraction kinetics.

We created a microfluidic device compatible with high numerical aperture light sheet microscopy to measure cytokinetic ring component abundance in the C. elegans zygote. Implementing measured dynamics into our three-dimensional agent-based model of a contractile ring elicited biologically realistic kinetics.
Evaluation of ERIC-PCR and MALDI-TOF as typing tools for multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Kundu Jyoti , Kansal Shubhangi , Rathore Shivali , Kaundal Meenakshi , Angrup Archana , Biswal Manisha , Walia Kamini , Ray Pallab
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim

Multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with nosocomial infections in both outbreak and non-outbreak situations. The study intends to evaluate the potential of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR), a genomic based typing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) proteomic-based typing techniques for clonal relatedness among multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

Methodology

Multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n =137) were collected from March 2019 to February 2020. Identification and protein-based phylogenetic analysis were performed by MALDI-TOF MS. Genomic typing was done by ERIC-PCR and analyzed by an online data analysis service (PyElph). Dice method with unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) program was used to compare the ERIC profiles. The samples were also evaluated by PCR for the presence of genes encoding carbapenemases, extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) and mobile colistin resistance-1 (mcr1).

Result and Conclusion

Isolates were typed into 40 ERIC types, and six groups by MALDI-TOF-MS. PCR-based analysis revealed that all the strains harbored two or more ESBL and carbapenemase genes. None of the isolates revealed the presence of the plasmid mediated mcr-1 gene for colistin resistance. The study presents ERIC based typing as more robust in comparison to MALDI-TOF for finding the clonal relatedness in epidemiological studies.
A phylogenomically informed five-order system for the closest relatives of land plants
Authors: Hess Sebastian , Williams Shelby K. , Busch Anna , Irisarri Iker , Delwiche Charles F. , de Vries Sophie , Darienko Tatyana , Roger Andrew J. , Archibald John M. , Buschmann Henrik , von Schwartzenberg Klaus , de Vries Jan
Published: July 2022

The evolution of streptophytes had a profound impact on life on Earth. They brought forth those photosynthetic eukaryotes that today dominate the macroscopic flora: the land plants (Embryophyta) [1]. There is convincing evidence that the unicellular/filamentous Zygnematophyceae—and not the morphologically more elaborate Coleochaetophyceae or Charophyceae—are the closest algal relatives of land plants [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Despite the species richness (>4,000), wide distribution, and key evolutionary position of the zygnematophytes, their internal phylogeny remains largely unresolved [7, 8]. There are also putative zygnematophytes with interesting body plan modifications (e.g., filamentous growth) whose phylogenetic affiliations remain unknown. Here, we studied a filamentous green alga (strain MZCH580) from an Austrian peat bog with central or parietal chloroplasts that lack discernible pyrenoids. It representsMougeotiopsis calosporaPALLA, an enigmatic alga that was described more than 120 years ago [9], but never subjected to molecular analyses. We generated transcriptomic data ofM. calosporastrain MZCH580, and conducted comprehensive phylogenomic analyses (326 nuclear loci) for 46 taxonomically diverse zygnematophytes. Strain MZCH580 falls in a deep-branching zygnematophycean clade together with some unicellular species, and thus represents a formerly unknown zygnematophycean lineage with filamentous growth. Our well-supported phylogenomic tree lets us propose a new five-order system for the Zygnematophyceae, and provides evidence for at least five independent origins of true filamentous growth in the closest algal relatives of land plants. This phylogeny provides a robust and comprehensive framework for performing comparative analyses and inferring the evolution of cellular traits and body plans in the closest relatives of land plants.
Insect homolog of oxytocin/vasopressin associated with parenting of males but not females in a subsocial beetle
Authors: Potticary Ahva L. , Cunningham Christopher B. , McKinney Elizabeth C. , Moore Patricia J. , Belay Amsale T. , Moore Allen J.
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Parental care is thought to evolve through modification of behavioral precursors, which predicts that the mechanistic changes occur in the genes underlying those traits. The duplicated gene system of oxytocin/vasopressin has been broadly co-opted across vertebrates to influence parenting, from a pre-duplication ancestral role in water balance. It remains unclear whether co-option of these genes for parenting is limited to vertebrates. Here, we experimentally tested for associations betweeninotocingene expression and water balance, parental acceptance of offspring, and active parenting in the subsocial beetleNicrophorus orbicollis, to test whether a single copy homologue,inotocin, has similarly been co-opted for parental care in a species with elaborate parenting. As expected,inotocinwas associated with water balance in both sexes.Inotocinexpression increased around sexual maturation in both males and females, although more clearly in males. Finally, we found that expression ofinotocinwas not associated with acceptance of larvae but was associated with a transition to male but not female parenting. Moreover, level of offspring provisioning behavior and gene expression were positively correlated in males but uncorrelated in females. Our results suggest a broad co-option of this system for parenting that may have existed prior to gene duplication, and that inotocin may be associated with flexibility in parenting behavior.

ImpactSummary

Oxytocin/vasopressin are amongst the most studied neuropeptides in vertebrates, influencing water balance, mating interactions, and most notably, social bonding. This gene pair evolved from a duplication in the vertebrate lineage of an ancestral vasopressin-like gene. Are the multiple social effects in vertebrates due to this duplication, or are social influences also ancestral? Here, we demonstrate that, in a biparental social beetle with a single copy, inotocin is associated with social interactions between fathers and offspring as well as being associated with the ancestral role of water balance in both males and females. In vertebrates, both oxytocin and vasopressin have been shown to impact social interactions in both sexes, although often showing sex-specificity in their action within species. Our results suggest that this system may have been co-opted for parenting prior to gene duplication and may facilitate flexibility in caring behavior.
IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF MATRISOME PROTEINS OF MOUSE KIDNEYS
Authors: Rende Umut , Ahn Seong Beom , Adhikari Subash , Guller Anna
Published: July 2022

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for tissue homeostasis. Understanding the matrisome (ECM proteome) composition and mechanisms of ECM control in health and disease is crucial for discovering therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools for inflammatory, fibrotic and cancerous conditions. The challenging obstacle in the ECM analysis is the need to optimise matrisome enrichment methods for different organs, diseases, and species. Currently, there is no optimized protocol nor a publicly available matrisome database for mouse kidneys. This limits the power of murine models in renal diseases and development research. In this study, we comparatively explored the matrisome of healthy C57BL/6 mice using two matrisome extraction methods, including the Millipore Compartment Fractionation (Method-1) and the Sequential Extraction (Method-2) approaches. We examined the efficiency of these methods in matrisome profiling by LC-MS/MS, protein identification and label-free quantification using MaxQuant. As a result of the study, 113 matrisome proteins were identified, including 22 proteins that have not been previously listed in the Matrisome Database (MD). Method-2 allowed identification and quantification of all core and ECM-associated matrisome proteins detected by Method-1 and additionally revealed more core matrisome and ECM-associated proteins. By characterisation of the murine renal matrisome enhanced by our methodological insights, this study provides critically important information for biological and medical kidney research.
Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 Biomarkers: Evaluation of Normalization Methods in Small and Large Communities in Southern Germany
Authors: Mitranescu Alexander , Uchaikina Anna , Kau Anna-Sonia , Stange Claudia , Ho Johannes , Tiehm Andreas , Wurzbacher Christian , E. Drewes Jörg
Published: July 2022

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) emerged as a useful tool to account for the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections on a population scale. In this study we analyzed wastewater samples from three large (> 300,000 people served) and four small (< 25,000 people served) communities throughout southern Germany from August to December 2021, capturing the fourth infection wave in Germany dominated by the Delta variant (B.1.617.2). As dilution can skew the SARS-CoV-2 biomarker concentrations in wastewater, normalization to wastewater parameters can improve the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 biomarker data and clinical prevalence data. In this study, we investigated the suitability and performance of various normalization parameters. Influent flow data showed strong relationships to precipitation data; accordingly, flow-normalization reacted distinctly to precipitation events. Normalization by surrogate viruses CrAssphage and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus showed varying performance for different sampling sites. The best normalization performance was achieved with a mixed fecal indicator calculated from both surrogate viruses. Analyzing the temporal and spatial variation of normalization parameters proved to be useful to explain normalization performance. Overall, our findings indicate that the performance of surrogate viruses, flow and hydro-chemical data is site-specific. We recommend to test the suitability of normalization parameters individually for specific sewage systems.

TOC Art
Continuing professional education and audit quality: evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Ocak Murat , Ozkan Serdar , Can Gökberk
Published: July 2022

Purpose

In this paper, the authors examine the association between the amount of continuing professional education (CPE) hours per staff and audit quality in terms of discretionary accruals and audit opinion.

Design/methodology/approach

Several methodologies are adopted to test the hypotheses, including the ordinary least square (OLS) and logistic regression (Logistic). The authors also employ instrument variables regression with two least square (IVREG with 2SLS) and instrument variables probit model (IVProbit) to address the possible endogeneity and strengthen the validity of the main estimation results.

Findings

The main results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between CPE hours per staff and audit quality. As the authors grouped CPE into four areas (finance, auditing and accounting, tax, law and regulations and others) the results are more robust for the sub-sample “accounting and audit” and “others”. Moreover, the findings of this study suggest that CPE hours per staff do not affect audit quality significantly for Big4 audit firms compared to non-Big4 firms.

Research limitations/implications

The sample size of the present study is quite small because the transparency reports of the audit firms in Turkey have been available since 2013 and the authors could not reach some auditor demographics at the individual level and some attributes at the audit firm level. Besides, some alternative audit quality measures, such as audit effort, audit fees are not employed because they are not disclosed.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the audit literature using Turkish audit firms. The authors believe that the setting of Turkey may yield interesting results because of the data it provides.
Effect of commitment on the link between organizational culture and international project performance: a comparison between China and Korea
Authors: Lin Yi-Hsin , Han Wenqing , Kim Chan Joong , Jiang Li , Xia Nini
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to verify the mediating role of commitment between market-oriented organizational culture and international market performance, and to discuss the moderator effect of national institutional environment on this mediating role.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design follows a mixed methodology, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. In the first phase, research hypotheses are proposed based on a literature analysis. In the second phase, sample data are collected through interviews and questionnaires sent to domestic contractors in China and South Korea, and a validity analysis of the results is carried out. Correlation and regression analyses are then performed on the valid data to verify hypotheses to prove the existence and influence of mediating effects. Hayes PROCESS Macro is used on the regression results to test the mediating effect of commitment on international project performance and the moderation effect of institutional environment.

Findings

The results reveal that the commitment between partners has a mediating effect on the relationship between market culture and international project performance; however, no hierarchy culture is revealed. The mediating effect of commitment is regulated by the institutional environment.

Research limitations/implications

Although the reliability and validity of the questionnaire data in this study are in line with research standards, a larger sample size would improve the reliability of the results. Further, the interviewed samples are mainly from China and South Korea; large representative samples from additional countries, such as Japan, should be considered to gain a fuller understanding and more comprehensive results.

Originality/value

By emphasizing the differences between the two institutional environments of developing and developed countries in East Asia, a theoretical and empirical basis is provided. International construction enterprises in other countries can apply the findings to improve their international market performance in different institutional environments. The findings also provide an empirical reference that international construction enterprises in China and South Korea may use to adjust their organizational cultures and commitments to improve market performance.
Organizational spirituality: a literature review and research agenda
Authors: Vasconcelos Anselmo Ferreira
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether the organizational spirituality (OS) also called for spiritually-based organization (SBO) concept continues to be, in fact, a source of refreshing ideas to the organizational studies.

Design/methodology/approach

Regarding that OS is a theme that does not pertain to the scientific mainstream, the criteria to select valuable work were broader. On this basis, this literature review focused on a set of distinct sources: empirical and theoretical-conceptual papers (i.e. peer-reviewed), books, book chapters and doctoral dissertations. The material should be written in English and matched specifically the terms “spiritually-based organization,” “organizational spirituality” and “spiritual organization” in the websites of prominent scientific publications such as Google Scholar, EBSCO, Emerald, Sage and Elsevier. The premise was to portray an ample overview about what the scientific research has been yielded on this topic covering the period of 23 years (i.e. 1999–2022).

Findings

Data revealed that a large portion of the scholarly work of OS has been largely published in journals of modest factor impact or in books/book chapters. Such evidence indicates that OS definitively is not embraced by the scientific mainstream, despite the relevance of this topic. Further, it appears that the study, research and writings about SBOs, despite their positive effects and features, do not draw the attention of the majority of academic community. As a result, this field of knowledge has been characterized by scant work. This conclusion sounds somewhat astonishing considering that companies strongly driven by financial and economic concerns have proved not to be useful to humankind well-being and the planet.

Originality/value

This review sought to concentrate only on scholarly work that could bring something noteworthy to the debate of the OS concept. By the same token, other related concepts such as workplace spirituality and spirituality in the workplace, which have been properly explored, were not approached here. The author surmises that such path may account for somewhat the reduced number of work found about this topic, despite the fact this review drew on Google Scholar as well.
Hope, goal-commitment and -stress mediating between collaborative leadership, financial resources and performance
Authors: Chak Choiwai Maggie , Carminati Lara , Wilderom Celeste P.M.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Combining the goal-setting and job demands-resources (JD-R) theories, we examine how two project resources, collaborative project leadership and financial project resources, enhance high project performance in community-academic health partnerships.

Design/methodology/approach

With a sequential explanatory mixed-method research design, data were collected through a survey (N = 318) and semi-structured interviews (N = 21). A hypothesised three-path mediation model was tested using structural equation modelling with bootstrapping. Qualitative data were examined using thematic analysis.

Findings

Project workers’ hope, goal-commitment and -stress: (1) fully mediate the hypothesised relationship between highly collaborative project leadership and high project performance; and (2) partially mediate the relationship between financial project resources and high project performance. The qualitative data corroborate and deepen these findings, revealing the crucial role of hope as a cognitive-motivational facilitator in project workers’ ability to cope with challenges.

Practical implications

Project leaders should promote project workers’ goal commitment, reduce their goal stress and boost project performance by securing financial project resources or reinforcing workers’ hope, e.g. by fostering collaborative project leadership.

Originality/value

The findings contribute to the project management and JD-R literature by considering the joint effects of project workers’ hope and two commonly studied project resources (collaborative project leadership and financial project resources) on high project performance. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of the goal-setting and JD-R theories for understanding complex health-promotion projects connecting academic to community work.
Structural dynamic reliability analysis: review and prospects
Authors: Teng Da , Feng Yun-Wen , Chen Jun-Yu , Lu Cheng
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to briefly summarize and review the theories and methods of complex structures’ dynamic reliability. Complex structures are usually assembled from multiple components and subjected to time-varying loads of aerodynamic, structural, thermal and other physical fields; its reliability analysis is of great significance to ensure the safe operation of large-scale equipment such as aviation and machinery.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper for the single-objective dynamic reliability analysis of complex structures, the calculation can be categorized into Monte Carlo (MC), outcrossing rate, envelope functions and extreme value methods. The series-parallel and expansion methods, multi-extremum surrogate models and decomposed-coordinated surrogate models are summarized for the multiobjective dynamic reliability analysis of complex structures.

Findings

The numerical complex compound function and turbine blisk are used as examples to illustrate the performance of single-objective and multiobjective dynamic reliability analysis methods. Then the future development direction of dynamic reliability analysis of complex structures is prospected.

Originality/value

The paper provides a useful reference for further theoretical research and engineering application.
Assessing the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Sweden: a comparative study with Finland and Norway using Global Entrepreneurship Index
Authors: Balawi Ayman , Ayoub Asad
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate and examines Sweden's overall entrepreneurship performance (ecosystem) by applying the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) while benchmarking the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Sweden with that of Finland and Norway.

Design/methodology/approach

In terms of subindices, pillars and component factors, this research analyzes the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Sweden using the GEI supplemented by the Penalty for Bottleneck (PFB) approach utile for identification of bottlenecks. In addition, the Swedish ecosystem is benchmarked against its Finnish and Norwegian counterparts drawing on data collected between 2015 and 2018.

Findings

Using data drawn from the GEI, Sweden manifests a strong entrepreneurial ecosystem with a GEI score of 72.7 out of 100. However, fledgling start-up skills, insufficient human capital, and slow and erratic growth undercut otherwise solid entrepreneurial aspirations drawing on well-developed institutional variables. On a macrolevel, Sweden evinces greater capacity for entrepreneurship and innovation than either Norway or Finland but, on a microlevel, several discontinuities manifest in terms of subindices, pillars and component factors to the advantage of Norway and/or Finland and, conversely, to the detriment of Sweden.

Practical implications

Policymakers should fund a mix of programs and institute regulatory reforms designed to promote entrepreneurial systemic development in Sweden by remediating entrepreneurial gaps depressing GEI scores. Crucial policy interventions are required to accrete start-up skills and human capital and engender high growth. Incremental funding of 47% over current levels budgeted to buoy entrepreneurial activity are mandated for Sweden to approach its GEI potential.

Originality/value

Insights are derived from extracting data drawn from a new methodology for gauging entrepreneurial activity incorporating individual and institutional variables into a single model that combines PFB and GEI analysis with a view to identifying, through the PFB approach and weak aspects of Sweden's entrepreneurial performance.
Gender wage penalty in parenthood: A comparative study of South Korea and Japan
Authors: Jung Hanna
Published: July 2022

Both South Korea and Japan attach significant importance to women′s marriage and their role in the family. Based on this fact, the present study analyzed gender wage penalty in parenthood in both the countries and compared the size and characteristics. We used conditional quantile regression models with counterfactual decomposition, and panel data from South Korea and Japan for 2007–2014. Results suggest that the gender wage penalty in parenthood of Japan was greater than in South Korea, indicating that discrimination against mother‐workers in Japan is more serious than in South Korea. Analysis by wage distribution showed that the gender wage penalty in parenthood was high in the low‐wage group in South Korea, whereas it was high for the high‐wage group in Japan. This finding indicates that South Korea needs to give fair treatment to the low‐wage group and mother‐workers of small and medium enterprises, while Japan needs to alleviate discrimination against high‐wage mother‐workers.
CRISPR‐Cas‐based detection for food safety problems: Current status, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Li Yaru , Man Shuli , Ye Shengying , Liu Guozhen , Ma Long
Published: July 2022

Food safety is one of the biggest public issues occurring around the world. Microbiological, chemical, and physical hazards can lead to food safety issues, which may occur at all stages of the supply chain. In order to tackle food safety issues and safeguard consumer health, rapid, accurate, specific, and field‐deployable detection methods meeting diverse requirements are one of the imperative measures for food safety assurance. CRISPR‐Cas system, a newly emerging technology, has been successfully repurposed in biosensing and has demonstrated huge potential to establish conceptually novel detection methods with high sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on CRISPR‐Cas–based detection and its current status and huge potential specifically for food safety inspection. We firstly illustrate the pending problems in food safety and summarize the popular detection methods. We then describe the potential applications of CRISPR‐Cas–based detection in food safety inspection. Finally, the challenges and futuristic opportunities are proposed and discussed. Generally speaking, the current food safety detection methods are still unsatisfactory in some ways such as being time‐consuming, displaying unmet sensitivity and specificity standards, and there is a comparative paucity of multiplexed testing and POCT. Recent studies have shown that CRISPR‐Cas–based biosensing is an innovative and fast‐expanding technology, which could make up for the shortcomings of the existing methods or even replace them. To sum up, the implementation of CRISPR‐Cas and the integration of CRISPR‐Cas with other techniques is promising and desirable, which is expected to provide “customized” and “smart” detection methods for food safety inspection in the coming future.
High occurrence of food insecurity in young people attending a youth mental health service in regional Australia
Authors: Kent Katherine , Murray Sandra , Visentin Denis , Mawer Tamieka , McGowan Courtney J. , Williams Andrew D. , Hardcastle Sibella , Bridgman Heather
Published: July 2022

Aim

Despite the relationship between food insecurity and poor mental health, food insecurity in young people attending mental health services in Australia remains understudied. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and predictors of food insecurity, and the relationship with dietary factors in young people attending a mental health service.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey was conducted in a sample of young people (15–25 years) who attended a mental health service in Launceston, Australia. The survey utilised a single‐item food insecurity screening tool and eight demographic, health and service use questions. Five questions determined self‐reported intake of fruit, vegetables, breakfast, water, sugar‐sweetened beverages and takeaway foods. Binary logistic regression determined predictors of food insecurity. Cross‐tabulations determined differences in dietary intake according to food security.

Results

Of survey respondents (n = 48; 68% female), 40% (n = 19) were food insecure. Respondents living out of home or in unstable accommodation were at significantly higher risk of food insecurity (odds ratio [OR]: 4.43; SE: 0.696; 95% CI: 1.13–17.34; p = 0.032) compared to those living with their parents. Those receiving government financial assistance (OR: 5.00; SE: 0.676; 95% CI: 1.33–18.81; p = 0.017) were also at significantly higher risk of food insecurity. Regardless of food security status, self‐reported intake of fruits, vegetables and breakfast were low, and respondents regularly consumed takeaway foods and sugar‐sweetened beverages.

Conclusions

There was a high occurrence of food insecurity and poor dietary intake in young people attending a youth mental health service demonstrating that initiatives to support access to healthy food in this group should be a priority, with potential benefits for mental health outcomes.
Utilizing paralogues for phylogenetic reconstruction has the potential to increase species tree support and reduce gene tree discordance in target enrichment data
Authors: Ufimov Roman , Gorospe Juan Manuel , Fér Tomáš , Kandziora Martha , Salomon Luciana , van Loo Marcela , Schmickl Roswitha
Published: July 2022

The analysis of target enrichment data in phylogenetics lacks optimization toward using paralogues for phylogenetic reconstruction. We developed a novel approach of detecting paralogues and utilizing them for phylogenetic tree inference, by retrieving both ortho‐ and paralogous copies and creating orthologous alignments, from which the gene trees are built. We implemented this approach in ParalogWizard and demonstrate its performance in plant groups that underwent a whole genome duplication relatively recently: the subtribe Malinae (family Rosaceae), using Angiosperms353 as well as Malinae481 probes, the genus Oritrophium (family Asteraceae), using Compositae1061 probes, and the genus Amomum (family Zingiberaceae), using Zingiberaceae1180 probes. Discriminating between orthologues and paralogues reduced gene tree discordance and increased the species tree support in the case of the Malinae, but not for Oritrophium and Amomum. This may relate to the difference in the proportion of paralogous loci between the data sets, which was highest for the Malinae. Overall, retrieving paralogues for phylogenetic reconstruction following ParalogWizard has the potential to increase the species tree support and reduce gene tree discordance in target enrichment data, particularly if the proportion of paralogous loci is high.
Skilling race: Affective labor and “white” pedagogies in the Chilean service economy
Authors: Ugarte Sofía
Published: July 2022

This article examines the effects of racialization practices in quotidian encounters between migrant Haitian women looking for work and Chilean recruiters in job interviews and skills‐training programs in Santiago. Drawing on ethnographic research, I show how racialized differences are made material and emotional based on a particular history of white supremacy and mestizaje. I argue that to become appropriate and hirable workers in the service economy, Haitian women transform their appearance, movements, feelings, and attitudes according to white pedagogies of affective labor. I show how the skilling of labor performed through these pedagogies is deeply affective, shaping Haitian women's sense of worth and their self‐constitution as migrants beyond labor encounters. The analysis of how anti‐Black racism toward migrant women perpetuates local manifestations of white‐mestizo privilege reveals how affective labor and racialization practices articulate intimate experiences of transnational mobility with intersectional scripts of power.
Diagnostic utility of PRAME expression by immunohistochemistry in subungual and non‐subungual acral melanocytic lesions
Authors: Rothrock Aimi T. , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. , Milton Denái R. , Cho Woo Cheal , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Vanderbeck Kaitlin , Curry Jonathan L. , Ivan Doina , Prieto Victor G. , Aung Phyu P.
Published: July 2022

Background

The immunohistochemical (IHC) marker PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME) has shown promise in the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions. A few studies have investigated PRAME IHC expression in acral melanomas, but PRAME expression in subungual melanomas is largely unknown. We evaluated the utility of PRAME IHC expression in distinguishing subungual melanomas (SUM) and non‐subungual acral melanomas (AM) from acral nevi (AN).

Methods

Twenty‐two SUM, 20 AM, and 14 AN were identified. IHC studies were performed using an anti‐PRAME antibody. The percentage of lesional cells with PRAME expression was recorded and categorized as follows: 0%, 0; 1%–25%, 1+; 26%–50%, 2+; 51%–75%, 3+; and >75%, 4+. Patient demographics and other relevant clinicopathologic parameters were recorded.

Results

Diffuse (4+) PRAME IHC expression was identified in 55% (12/22) SUM and 70% (14/20) AM, respectively. Any PRAME expression (1+ to 4+) was identified in 73% (16/22) SUMs and 95% (19/20) AM, respectively. One of 14 (7%) AN exhibited PRAME expression; interestingly, the pattern of expression was diffuse.

Conclusions

In our study, PRAME IHC expression was useful in identifying AM, including SUM. However, there are exceptions of PRAME‐negative melanomas and PRAME‐positive nevi.
Electrophysiological complexity in the rat dorsomedial hypothalamus and its susceptibility to daily rhythms and high‐fat diet
Authors: Sanetra Anna Magdalena , Palus‐Chramiec Katarzyna , Chrobok Lukasz , Lewandowski Marian Henryk
Published: July 2022

The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) in amongst the most important brain structures involved in the regulation of feeding behaviour and metabolism. In contrast to other hypothalamic centres, its main role is related to the circadian rhythmicity of food intake and energy homeostasis; both reported to be disrupted in obesity. In modern world, overweight and obesity reached global epidemic proportions. Thus, not only is it important to study their negative implications but also the mechanism responsible for their development. Here, we exposed rats to short‐term (2–4 weeks) high‐fat diet (HFD)—not long enough to induce obesity. Next, we performed electrophysiological patch‐clamp recordings ex vivo from neurons in the DMH either during the day or at night. Our results showed a day‐to‐night change in the firing frequency of DMH cells, with higher activity during the dark phase. This was abolished by HFD consumption, resulting in a decreased threshold for action potential generation during the day and therefore increased electrical activity at this phase. We propose this electrophysiological disturbance as a mechanism for the induction of abnormal daytime feeding, previously observed for HFD‐fed animals, which might in turn contribute to the development of obesity. In addition, we provide an electrophysiological characteristic of DMH neurons with a separation into three anatomically and functionally distinct subpopulations, namely, the compact part, separating the structure into the ventral and dorsal divisions. Our study is the first to show electrophysiological complexity of the DMH with its sensitivity to diet and daily rhythms.
Small RNAs in Cnidaria: A review
Authors: Li Yiqian , Hui Jerome H. L.
Published: July 2022

As fundamental components of RNA silencing, small RNA (sRNA) molecules ranging from 20 to 32 nucleotides in length have been found as potent regulators of gene expression and genome stability in many biological processes of eukaryotes. Three major small RNAs are active in animals, including the microRNA (miRNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), and PIWI‐interacting RNA (piRNA). Cnidarians, the sister group to bilaterians, are at a critical phylogenetic node to better model eukaryotic small RNA pathway evolution. To date, most of our understanding of sRNA regulation and its potential contribution to evolution has been limited to a few triploblastic bilaterian and plant models. The diploblastic nonbilaterians, including the cnidarians, are understudied in this regard. Therefore, this review will present the current‐known small RNA information in cnidarians to enhance our understanding of the development of the small RNA pathways in early branch animals.
Soil–plant interactions modulated water availability of Swiss forests during the 2015 and 2018 droughts
Authors: Meusburger Katrin , Trotsiuk Volodymyr , Schmidt‐Walter Paul , Baltensweiler Andri , Brun Philipp , Bernhard Fabian , Gharun Mana , Habel Raphael , Hagedorn Frank , Köchli Roger , Psomas Achilleas , Puhlmann Heike , Thimonier Anne , Waldner Peter , Zimmermann Stephan , Walthert Lorenz
Published: July 2022

Central Europe has been experiencing unprecedented droughts during the last decades, stressing the decrease in tree water availability. However, the assessment of physiological drought stress is challenging, and feedback between soil and vegetation is often omitted because of scarce belowground data. Here we aimed to model Swiss forests' water availability during the 2015 and 2018 droughts by implementing the mechanistic soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere‐transport (SVAT) model LWF‐Brook90 taking advantage of regionalized depth‐resolved soil information. We calibrated the model against soil matric potential data measured from 2014 to 2018 at 44 sites along a Swiss climatic and edaphic drought gradient. Swiss forest soils' storage capacity of plant‐available water ranged from 53 mm to 341 mm, with a median of 137 ± 42 mm down to the mean potential rooting depth of 1.2 m. Topsoil was the primary water source. However, trees switched to deeper soil water sources during drought. This effect was less pronounced for coniferous trees with a shallower rooting system than for deciduous trees, which resulted in a higher reduction of actual transpiration (transpiration deficit) in coniferous trees. Across Switzerland, forest trees reduced the transpiration by 23% (compared to potential transpiration) in 2015 and 2018, maintaining annual actual transpiration comparable to other years. Together with lower evaporative fluxes, the Swiss forests did not amplify the blue water deficit. The 2018 drought, characterized by a higher and more persistent transpiration deficit than in 2015, triggered widespread early wilting across Swiss forests that was better predicted by the SVAT‐derived mean soil matric potential in the rooting zone than by climatic predictors. Such feedback‐driven quantification of ecosystem water fluxes in the soil–plant‐atmosphere continuum will be crucial to predicting physiological drought stress under future climate extremes.
Defining the micro and macro roles of a hemophilia treatment center social worker in the United States from an interdisciplinary team perspective
Authors: Bartlett Diane L. , Schnur Kathaleen M. , Wilson Amy K. , Moorman Spencer S.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The social worker (SW) role in the Hemophilia Treatment Center (HTC) is complex and broad, providing direct support, spanning across micro, mezzo and macro levels of care.

Aim

Research demonstrates discrepancy between actual and ideal SW roles among the HTC SW community. Soliciting perceptions from HTC staff about the SW role can provide a deeper understanding of this discrepancy and improve collaboration amongst care team members in meeting the psychosocial needs of HTC patients.

Methods

Funded by the National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF), a national online survey was conducted in 2020 to determine the views and attitudes of what the SW role is by HTC staff. Separate surveys were emailed to active HTC SWs and staff to collect anonymous data. Demographics of SWs gathered included age, education, years of practice, full time equivalent (FTE) status, and caseload. All disciplines were asked questions about perceptions, barriers, and potential ways to enhance and strengthen the SW role within HTCs.

Results

Results demonstrated that subcategory‐oriented questions (40 in total) and qualitative responses highlighted diverse viewpoints and offered clarity about these differences.

Conclusion

Findings indicated most HTC staff value the multi‐faceted role of SW at their centres, and both groups identified time, limited resources, and role confusion as barriers to utilizing SW services. Outcomes will inform the development of a “standards of practice” tool that will provide education for HTC staff, patients, and families, and serve as an empowerment tool for SW to highlight their skillset and define their role.
Landscape of health sciences librarian‐mediated search services
Authors: Westmark Danielle M. , Hartman Teresa L. , Schmidt Cynthia M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Health librarians have traditionally provided mediated searches to support patient care, education and research.

Objectives

This study aims to discover the types of search result formats used by health science libraries, determine current practice among health science libraries (types of requesters served, fees, deduplication, turnaround time and citation manager use) and uncover innovative methods for providing search results.

Methods

An online survey was distributed to the MEDLIB‐L, ExpertSearching, MidContinental Chapter of the Medical Library Association and ICON listservs and through direct email to selected Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries reference and education librarians.

Results

Librarians affiliated with 127 institutions from 11 countries (including the USS) and 36 USS states and territories responded. One hundred and forty‐two of the total 150 analysed responses provided information on full‐text access, and 81 of those 142 responses (57%) indicated that the institutions' link‐resolver links were included in search results provided to the requester. The survey responses provide information on literature search services regarding turnaround time, use of a citation managers, fees and deduplication.

Conclusion

With the developing landscape of citation managers and the tools offered, these data can be used as a benchmark for librarians who are considering evaluating or modifying their search service delivery.
Students' increased time spent on social media, and their level of coronavirus anxiety during the pandemic, predict increased social media addiction
Authors: Parlak Sert Hilal , Başkale Hatice
Published: July 2022

Background

During the COVID‐19 pandemic period, the level of anxiety and the duration of social media use increased in university students.

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the relationship between coronavirus anxiety and social media addiction in university students.

Methods

The sample consisted of 346 university students in Turkey. The data were collected online using the Sociodemographic Data Form, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form and the Social Network Addiction Scale. The data were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson correlation analysis, chi‐square analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

The results showed that the mean coronavirus anxiety score was higher in men than in women. Social media addiction increased as the daily time spent by the students on social media increased. A positive correlation was found between the daily time spent on social media before the pandemic and social media usage during the pandemic. It was concluded that students use social media more during the pandemic than before it and that social media addiction increases as the students' coronavirus anxiety increases.

Conclusion

It is important to plan initiatives to reduce coronavirus anxiety to prevent social media addiction in young people.

Study Location and Sample

The research population consisted of 1st and 2nd year students who are studying in the Medical Services and Techniques Department of Vocational School of Health Services at a university located in the west of Turkey, during the Fall Term of academic year 2020–2021. Students in this department are studying in anaesthesia, dialysis, first and emergency aid, medical laboratory techniques, medical imaging technique, and medical documentation and secretarial programmes.
E3 ubiquitin ligase MID1 ubiquitinates and degrades type‐I interferon receptor 2
Authors: Chen Xiangjie , Zhao Qian , Xu Ying , Wu Qiuyu , Zhang Renxia , Du Qian , Miao Ying , Zuo Yibo , Zhang Hong‐Guang , Huang Fan , Ren Tengfei , He Jiuyi , Qiao Caixia , Li Yue , Li Shifeng , Xu Yang , Wu Depei , Yu Zhengyuan , Lv Haitao , Wang Jun , Zheng Hui , Yuan Yukang
Published: July 2022

Type I interferon (IFN‐I) is a common biological molecule used for the treatment of viral diseases. However, the clinical antiviral efficacy of IFN‐I needs to be greatly improved. In this study, IFN‐I receptor 2 (IFNAR2) was revealed to undergo degradation at the protein level in cells treated with IFN‐I for long periods of time. Further studies found a physical interaction between the E3 ubiquitin ligase midline‐1 (MID1) and IFNAR2. As a consequence, MID1 induced both K48‐ and K63‐linked polyubiquitination of IFNAR2, which promoted IFNAR2 protein degradation in a lysosome‐dependent manner. Conversely, knockdown of MID1 largely restricted IFN‐I‐induced degradation of IFNAR2. Importantly, MID1 regulated the strength of IFN‐I signalling and IFN‐I‐induced antiviral activity. These findings reveal a regulatory mechanism of IFNAR2 ubiquitination and protein stability in IFN‐I signalling, which could provide a potential target for improving the antiviral efficacy of IFN‐I.