bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Implications of Utilizing Artificial Intelligence-Based Parenting Technology on Children's Mental Health: A Literature Review
Authors: Yunike Yunike , Rehana Rehana , Misinem Misinem , Kusumawaty Ira
Published: January 2024

The study aims to look at the development of artificial intelligence to support positive parenting and help improve children's mental health. This research method uses the PRISMA approach through a search process using the keywords "Parenting, Child Mental Health, Artificial Intelligence, Communication, and Discipline Enforcement on the Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Pubmed databases in the period 2018 to 2023 with a five-step process to obtain data. After elimination, 1,223 journal articles were obtained that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 11 journal articles. Based on the results of the literature review, information was identified regarding the history of the development of artificial intelligence technology, artificial intelligence significantly has a positive impact on children's mental health, through the use of artificial intelligence parents gain meaningful literacy in providing positive care for children. However, the use of artificial intelligence can lead to parents' dependence on artificial intelligence, which is feared to replace human figures. In conclusion, studying the development and adequate use of artificial intelligence technology is urgently needed to improve the ability and quality of parenting to support the optimization of children's mental health.
BLS Training on The Application of BLS and The Standard Operational Procedures First AID on Emergeny Tourism at Tanjung Karang Beach Donggala District
Authors: Ndama Metrys , Umar Nurlailah , Ismunandar Ismunandar
Published: January 2024

Indonesia is an archipelago consisting of around 17,508 islands, 70% of which are oceans. Indonesia's seas are rich in natural resources, including coral reefs and marine animals. However, this natural wealth can cause problems and is fatal to humans due to stings from animals in the sea. In other emergency conditions, people can drown, causing suffocation and heart attacks. First aid in emergencies is basic life support (BLS), which can be done by people who have received training. Tanjung Karang Beach is a domestic and international tourist destination; however, health services and experts in providing BLS are not yet available. The data from 2015 to 2022 reported the occurrences of tourist vehicle accidents, tourists were stung by Marlyn fish stabs, and the incident of people drowning resulted in death without emergency action. This study aimed to determine the effect of BLS training on applying BLS and standard operational procedures in emergency first aid. The research method was a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest group design. The population was lifeguards and tourist vehicle drivers, with samples taken purposively. The measurement of the application of BLS was carried out twice: before and after training. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analyses. The results showed a mean value before training was 1.37, with a standard deviation was 0.684. The mean value after training was 14.63, and the standard deviation was 1.383. The dependent T-test results were 13.263, and the standard deviation was 1.327, with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0,005). The conclusion is that BLS training affects the application and operational standards of BLS training. Training members are recommended to apply for BLS in caring for the victims, and the Donggala Regency Government is to organize a tourist clinic in Tanjung Karang Beach and empower training personnel as rescuers.
Android-based "MamaKIA" Educational Media Development Application for Pregnancy Midwifery Care
Authors: Sarita Sultina , Yustiari Yustiari , Esti Handayani Tinuk , Dolofu Muliati , Asi Melania
Published: January 2024

An Android-based pregnancy care application designed and adapted to the needs of pregnant women is part of efforts to encourage sustainable midwifery care, which is expected to make it easier to convey, understand, and apply because it is in accordance with current client needs. This research aims to develop android-based educational media for midwifery care. The development of Android-based Midwifery Care Education Media was carried out using a research and development approach consisting of a preliminary study stage consisting of a literature study and field study (two respondents), and product development consisting of product design and media expert validation testing. (one respondent), material experts (one respondent), and application trials by community health center midwives in the work area of the Konawe District Health Service (35 respondents) who were selected using purposive sampling. Research data were collected using questionnaires, and quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. The validation results from media experts obtained a score of 69.47% in the feasible category and 98.33% from material experts in the very appropriate category, and the test results from 35 respondents obtained a score of 92.86%, including the very appropriate category. The Android-based educational media application developed for midwifery care is very suitable for use and needs to be tested for its effectiveness in midwifery care during pregnancy. The "Mama KIA" application is very feasible in terms of materials, media, and testing and meets the requirements for midwifery care by midwives.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anemia in Adolescent Girls in Donggala District, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Amsal Amsal , Subagyo Indro , Taqwin Taqwin , Kusumawati Dwi Erma , Radhiah Sitti , Eka Cahyani Yayuk , Hafid Fahmi
Published: January 2024

This study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of anemia in adolescent girls in Donggala District. It employed an observational analytical study design with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted in Senior High Schools (SMA) and Islamic Senior High Schools (Madrasah Aliyah) in Donggala District in May 2023. The sample included 428 respondents. Hemoglobin levels were measured by the laboratory staff of the Central Sulawesi Health Department. Respondents provided data through Kobocollect: https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/uZVqfjnh. Respondent characteristics included age, the occupation of both parents, family income, upper arm circumference, hemoglobin levels, body mass index, menstrual status, consumption of iron supplements, anemia education and knowledge, medical conditions, smoking status, physical activity status, and the frequency of iron-rich food intake (fish, eggs, meat, and milk). Data analysis was performed using percentages and RR (95% CI) with SPSS 22.0. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu with approval number 0016/KEPK-KPK/I/2023, and research permission was granted by the Central Sulawesi Provincial Government, Regional Unity of Community and Political Affairs, with approval number 070/0409/Bid.III-BKBPD/2023. The research results indicated a prevalence of anemia risk among adolescents in Donggala District at 9.8%. Risk factors included upper arm circumference <23.5 cm, a history of kidney disease, limited knowledge of anemia, and infrequent meat consumption. The researchers recommend that adolescents increase their food intake to improve upper arm circumference, manage dietary patterns for those with kidney disease, enhance knowledge about anemia, and increase meat consumption frequency.
Domestic Environmental Factors Associated with Pediatric Snoring: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Supriatin Supriatin , Wahyuni Nuniek Tri , Widadi Sri Yekti , Nurhaeni Heni , Anitasari Silvia
Published: January 2024

Since one-third of children who snore consistently may have OSAS, understanding the causes is vital. Preventing snoring requires addressing obesity, allergies, and anatomical anomalies. Indoor allergens and enlarged tonsils and adenoids may also cause youngsters to snore. The review aims to identify and categorize key concepts, types of evidence, and research gaps in this area.  The scoping review will follow the methodology and stages outlined by the Joana Briggs Institute ((JBI). The final output will follow the PRISMA-Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 checklist. This review serves as a necessary step before conducting a systematic review and clinical studies. Childhood snoring is a common problem that can have adverse effects on a child’s health and well-being. It is importing ant for parents to understand the hazards of snoring and seek support if they suspect their child may have a sleep disorder. Treatment options vary depending on the cause and severity of snoring, and may include lifestyle changes, medication, or surgery. More research is need to better understand the relationship between environmental factors and snoring children, including the impact of pollutant such as NO2 and passive smoking. Early detection and treatment of snoring in children is crucial, as if can have long-term effects on their health and well-being. The conclusion is that knowledge empowers parents to take the necessary steps to ensure the well-being and healthy sleep of their children.
The Enhancing Women's Contraceptive Decision-Making: A Qualitative Study of IUD Adoption Among Women of Childbearing Age
Authors: Yani Ahmad , Sudirman Sudirman , Afni Nur , Syukran Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Family Planning (KB) initiatives seek to manage population growth by curbing childbirths among women aged 15-49. This qualitative research investigates the decision-making process of women of childbearing age (WUS) when choosing intrauterine device (IUD) contraception in Batuoge Village, Pedongga District, Pasangkayu Regency. Employing observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, the study reveals that WUS possess limited knowledge of IUD contraception, primarily at the basic level. Furthermore, their attitude toward IUD contraception tends to be less favorable. In terms of action, WUS generally engage in consultations with their partners. This research highlights the need for improved knowledge and attitudes regarding family planning (KB) with intrauterine device (IUD) contraception among women of childbearing age in Batuoge Village. It emphasizes their inclination toward consultation with their partners.
The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercises on the Sleep Quality of Menapause Women in the Kolaka Health Center Work Area
Authors: Naim Rosani , Mariany Mariany , Saputri Ekawati , Afrianty Iis
Published: January 2024

Menopause is the final phase of a woman's reproduction or it is said that the last menstruation experienced by a woman has a psychological impact, especially sleep disorders.. Four of five women who were surveyed stated that their sleep was often disturbed, especially when it was difficult to fall asleep and woke up feeling it was the middle of the night so they complained of blisters in the morning because the duration of sleep at night was around 4 o'clock. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of sleep of mothers before and after carrying out progressive muscle relaxation exercises. Quasy Experiment Method in one group pre test-post test design is the method used with a sample of 30 respondents. The quality of sleep before exercise and after exercise progressive muscle relaxation was measured using a questionnaire. Provision of progressive muscle relaxation exercises in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). There were significant differences in the quality of sleep of mothers before and after progressive muscle relaxation exercises on sleep quality of postmenopausal women, namely sleep quality (p value 0.000), sleep latency (p value 0.000), efficiency (p value 0.000), sleep disturbance (p value 0.000), sleep disturbance (p value 0.000), value 0.001), and disturbed activity (0.005). Postmenopausal women's sleep quality improves after doing progressive muscle relaxation exercises is effective. It can be said that the application of progressive muscle relaxation exercises in menopausal women is very good so that the quality of sleep for menopausal women is of high quality.
Effectiveness of Composter with Magic Compos System Forward Reverse Design Through Temperature and Humidity Control on Composing Quality
Authors: Amaliyah Nurul , Anwar Taufik , Wardoyo Slamet
Published: January 2024

Household waste management is an important concern in an effort to reduce the potential negative impact on public health due to organic waste generation. This study aims to analyze differences in compost maturation rates based on variations in the time interval of the turning process in Magic Compost, differences in compost maturation rates based on the type of organic waste, differences in C/N ratio, carbon content, and moisture content in compost, differences in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels in compost, and differences in temperature, pH, and color in compost based on household organic waste criteria. This research uses an experimental approach with a posttest without a control group design and applies a randomized complete group design (RAKL). The tool used is Magic Compost, which is equipped with a temperature and humidity controller. The results showed a significant difference in the rate of compost maturation based on the time interval variation of the turning process on Magic Compost (p value = 0.000). The best turning time interval is 12 hours. There was a difference in the rate of compost maturation based on the type of organic waste generated by households, with mixed waste compost maturing the fastest and rice/starch waste maturing the slowest (p value = 0.001). While there was no difference in the C/N ratio (p value = 0.202), there were significant differences in the carbon content and moisture content of the compost based on the type of organic waste (p values = 0.042 and 0.000). However, there was no difference in the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the compost (p value = 0.144 and p value = 0.663). There was a difference in potassium levels in the compost based on the type of organic waste (p value = 0.000). The temperature of the resulting compost showed no significant difference (p value = 0.000), but there were differences in the pH and color of the compost based on household organic waste criteria (p values = 0.048 and 0.007). This study provides important insights into organic waste management through composting with Magic Compost, which can be an effective solution for reducing the negative public health and environmental impacts caused by organic waste generation.
The Effect of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa Oliefera) On Triglyceride Levels in Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetes White Wistar Rats
Authors: Raya Maxianus K , Vegasari Novia , Nuburi Dorci , Maryorita Blestina , Rahayu Endah Sri
Published: January 2024

High blood sugar levels can hasten the liver's production of triglycerides. Normally, the body uses glucose as one of its energy sources. This study aimed to determine changes in the weight of mice and decrease triglyceride levels in mice by administering Moringa leaf extract. This type of research is a pure experiment with a "pre and post-randomized controlled group" design. This was carried out using a repeated ANOVA test, a sample of 25 mice. The research used male white rats of the Wistar strain, which were induced with STZ (Streptozotocin) at a dose of 65 mg/kg BW and NA 230 mg/kg BW, where the experimental animals were divided into 5 groups, namely negative control group, positive control and 3 treatment groups given the extract. from Moringa leaves at a dose of 200, 300, 400 mg/kg BW of rats. The optimal dose of Moringa leaves for losing weight and reducing triglyceride levels in mice is a dose of 400 mg/kg of mouse body weight. Glibenclamide (0.09 mg/kg rat body weight) and Moringa leaf extract (300 mg/kg rat body weight) are each the optimal dose to reduce glucose levels in rats. With a p value for each variable of 0.001, administration of Moringa leaf extract affected body weight, glucose and triglyceride levels in white Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes induced by streptozotocin. These findings suggest that Moringa leaf extract may have potential therapeutic effects in treating diabetes-related complications.
Uncovering Determinant of Anaemia Among Adolescent Girls
Authors: Taqwin Taqwin , Amsal Amsal , Batjo Siti Hadijah , Radhiah Siti , Ramadhan Kadar , Kusumawati Dwi Erma , Hafid Fahmi , Hariadha Enti , Ahmed Faiz , Raju Kaveesha
Published: January 2024

Anaemia is a significant global public health issue that primarily affects adolescent girls. Smoking, malaria, and low family income are associated with teenage Anaemia in girls. The purpose of the study was to uncover determinant Anaemia among adolescent girls. This type of research is cross-sectional. The research location was at the high schools in Central Sulawesi from March to September 2023. The study sample was teenage girls, with as many as 384 respondents. Simple random sampling was the method used for the sample. The study's independent variables included the respondents' anthropometrics, sociodemographics, and infectious illnesses. The dependent variable was haemoglobin levels. The research instrument used a Kobotoolbox application questionnaire. They measure weight with digital scales, height with Length board measuring, and arm circumference with mid-upper arm circumstances. Laboratory analysts carried out measurements of haemoglobin levels. Chi-square test analysis of research data with a 95% confidence level. Test of logistic regression in multivariate analysis. The findings indicated that 20.3% of teenage girls suffered from Anaemia. Adolescent girls who smoke (OR=3.2, 95% CI (1.10, 8.70)), have malaria (OR=1.9, 95% CI (0.80, 5.00)), and come from an income family with less than Rp. 2.599.546 (OR=1.7, 95% CI (1.00, 2.90)) are at risk for Anaemia. Adolescent girls' anaemia prevalence was a moderate public health concern. Teenage girls who smoke, have malaria and have a family low income below are determinants for Anaemia.
Mencegah Komplikasi Kehamilan Melalui Penyuluhan Tanda Bahaya kehamilan
Authors: Irma Sri Rejeki  , Hilmiah
Published: January 2024

Pendahuluan: Tanda bahaya kehamilan harus dikenali dan terdeteksi sejak dini sehingga dapat ditangani   dengan   benar  karena   setiap  tanda  bahaya  kehamilan  bisa mengakibatkan komplikasi  kehamilan. Berdasarkan penelitian, telah diakui saat ini bahwa setiap kehamilan dapat memiliki potensi dan membawa risiko bagi ibu. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan sosialisasi tentang pemahaman tanda bahaya pada kehamilan, meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya mengetahui tanda bahaya yang akan terjadi pada kehamilan dan memberikan informasi manfaat mengetahui tanda bahaya pada kehamilan. Sasaran dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah ibu hamil trimester I,II dan III di RSUD Labuang Baji. Kegiatan ini dibagi dalam dua tahap melalui media komunikasi yang Menampilkan presentasi Power Point tentang materi tanda bahaya pada kehamilan dan menggunakan Lefleat untuk membagikan leaflet tentang tanda bahaya pada kehamilan. Hasil Pada kegiatan pengabdian ini didapatkan hasil pre-test responden yang berpengetahuan baik yaitu 4 orang (40%) dan responden berpengetahuan cukup sebanyak yaitu 6 orang (60%) mengenai tanda-tanda bahaya kehamilan. kegiatan penyuluhan dan konseling pada ibu hamil diharapkan menjadi motivasi dan perubahan prilaku pada ibu-ibu hamil. Suami dan keluarga diharapkan dapat berperan aktif dan mengenali dan membawa ibu hamil ke petugas kesehatan sesegera mungkin, kader diharapkan berperan aktif menemukan ibu hamil yang beresiko tinggi dan diharapkan peran serta tokoh masyarakat sekitar untuk mendukung kegiatan memberikan pertolongan segera bila terjadi kegawatdaruratan khususnya pada ibu hamil.
Factors Associated with Pulmonary TB Patients' Self Efficacy in Undergoing Treatment
Authors: Nurmalisa Baiq Emy
Published: January 2024

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a direct infectious disease caused by bacteria. Efforts to control pulmonary TB with the DOTS strategy have been implemented in various countries. In addition to the DOTS strategy, self-efficacy or confidence in the patient is the most important factor in controlling pulmonary TB. Self efficacy is an individual's belief in managing certain behaviors to achieve healing. Self efficacy is influenced by one's own experience, observation of others, verbal persuasion, and physiological evaluation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-experience, observation of others, verbal persuasion, physiological evaluation and self-efficacy in pulmonary TB patients undergoing treatment in the UPTD area of ​​the Tangeban Health Center. Methods: This study uses an analytic design through a cross sectional approach with a sample of 33 people, obtained from the total sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the chi-square test.  Results  of the analysis of research data obtained a correlation value between one's own experience and self-efficacy with a significance level of 0.024 (α<0.05), observation of other people with self-efficacy with a significance level of 0.013 (α<0.05), verbal persuasion with self efficacy with a significance level of 0.031 (α<0.05), and the results of the correlation value between physiological evaluation and self efficacy with a significance level of 0.027 (α<0.05). Conclusion there is a significant relationship between self-experience, observation of others, verbal persuasion and physiological evaluation with the self-efficacy of TB patients.
Bacterial community structures and dynamics associated with rotated positioning syndrome in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larviculture
Authors: Bel Mokhtar Naima , Apostolopoulou Georgia , Koumoundouros George , Tzokas Kostas , Toskas Kosmas , Gourzioti Evgenia , Stathopoulou Panagiota , Tsiamis George
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The availability of high-quality gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae in larviculture represents a major bottleneck to the aquaculture. This challenge can be compounded by losses resulting from the emergence of a clinical disorder’s symptomatology. In this study, the observed syndrome included a rotated positioning of the larval sagittal plane and in most cases leading eventually to death.

Methods

Herein, we examined using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rDNA the bacterial communities associated with S. aurata larvae at different conditions (including both fish with no evidence of the syndrome and fish with syndrome) during the early developmental stages along with the contribution of rearing water, organic matter and provided feed in the microbiota during an experiment of 18 days.

Results

Over the development of larvae, differences were observed in the bacterial composition between healthy and symptomatic larvae as well as between components of the system. A remarkable presence of members of the Psychrobacter genus was observed in symptomatic larvae with a significant increase at 18dph. The healthy larvae harbor different bacterial profile with a dominance of Vibrio and Bacillus genera during 3-8dph, various members of Alphaproteobacteria during 11-14dph and Marinifilum at 18dph. The rearing water showed a different bacterial profile compared to the other components, with a slight effect of healthy larvae at 3-8dph. The bacteriome of feeds provided during the rearing of larvae was found to be diverse. Chlorella was mainly dominated by members of Firmicutes, while Rotifer and Artemia were mainly dominated by members of Proteobacteria including different species of Psychrobacter. At 18dph, Artemia feed seems to affect the symptomatic larvae bacteriome, where it enhanced the presence of Psychrobacter spp.

Discussion

Interestingly, the comparative network analysis at 18dph indicated that the bacterial associations in symptomatic larvae were primarily driven by members of the Psychrobacter genus. While various phyla contributed to bacterial associations in healthy larvae with different frequencies including mainly members of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes phyla. Finally, the Gammaproteobacteria/Alphaproteobacteria ratio was found to be related to the health condition of larvae. This study provides valuable information which can be used as indicators for monitoring the health status of S. aurata larvae.
Genomic risk prediction of cardiovascular diseases among type 2 diabetes patients in the UK Biobank
Authors: Ye Yixuan , Hu Jiaqi , Pang Fuyuan , Cui Can , Zhao Hongyu
Published: January 2024

Background: Polygenic risk score (PRS) has proved useful in predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) based on the genotypes of an individual, but most analyses have focused on disease onset in the general population. The usefulness of PRS to predict CVD risk among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients remains unclear.

Methods: We built a meta-PRSCVD upon the candidate PRSs developed from state-of-the-art PRS methods for three CVD subtypes of significant importance: coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic stroke (IS), and heart failure (HF). To evaluate the prediction performance of the meta-PRSCVD, we restricted our analysis to 21,092 white British T2D patients in the UK Biobank, among which 4,015 had CVD events.

Results: Results showed that the meta-PRSCVD was significantly associated with CVD risk with a hazard ratio per standard deviation increase of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.23–1.33). The meta-PRSCVD alone predicted the CVD incidence with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54–0.59). When restricted to the early-onset patients (onset age ≤ 55), the AUC was further increased to 0.61 (95% CI 0.56–0.67).

Conclusion: Our results highlight the potential role of genomic screening for secondary preventions of CVD among T2D patients, especially among early-onset patients.
Lithium and cobalt co-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone regeneration
Authors: Zhang Xin , Nan Kai , Zhang Yuankai , Song Keke , Geng Zilong , Shang Donglong , Fan Lihong
Published: January 2024

Healing of severe fractures and bone defects involves many complex biological processes, including angiogenesis and osteogenesis, presenting significant clinical challenges. Biomaterials used for bone tissue engineering often possess multiple functions to meet these challenges, including proangiogenic, proosteogenic, and antibacterial properties. We fabricated lithium and cobalt co-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Li-Co-MBGNs) using a modified sol-gel method. Physicochemical analysis revealed that the nanoparticles had high specific surface areas (>600 m2/g) and a mesoporous structure suitable for hydroxyapatite (HA) formation and sustained release of therapeutic ions. In vitro experiments with Li-Co-MBGNs showed that these promoted angiogenic properties in HUVECs and pro-osteogenesis abilities in BMSCs by releasing Co2+ and Li+ ions. We observed their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, indicating their potential applications in bone tissue engineering. Overall, our findings indicate the feasibility of its application in bone tissue engineering.
Galectin-3 and peripheral artery disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gou Yang , Chen Miao , Zhu Zhi , Cui Chi
Published: January 2024

Background

Multiple clinical studies have found a significant correlation between elevated galectin-3 (Gal-3) in circulation and the diagnosis and severity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The current study used the Mendelian randomization (MR) technique to evaluate the possible causal relationship between Gal-3 and PAD.

Methods

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of Gal-3 and PAD were obtained through the MR-Base platform. Then, using Gal-3 as the exposure and PAD as the outcome, a two-sample MR analysis was performed utilizing several regression techniques, including MR-Egger regression, inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and weighted mode.

Results

Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and designated as instrumental variables (IVs) that exhibited significant correlations with Gal-3 (linkage disequilibrium r2 < 0.001; P < 5 × 10−8). Various statistical methods showed that there was an absence of a significant link between Gal-3 and PAD (IVW: odds ratio (OR) = 0.9869, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.8792–1.1078, P = 0.8232). In addition, the presence of genetic pleiotropy did impact the putative causal relationship between PAD and Gal-3 (MR-Egger intercept = 0.0099, P = 0.659).

Conclusions

There is no current evidence to establish a causal relationship between the level of Gal-3 in circulation and PAD.
Zinc-aspirin preconditioning reduces endothelial damage of arterial grafts in a rodent model of revascularization
Authors: Benke Kálmán , Stengl Roland , Stark Klára Aliz , Bai Yang , Radovits Tamás , Loganathan Sivakkanan , Korkmaz-Icöz Sevil , Csonka Máté , Karck Matthias , Szabó Gábor , Veres Gábor
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most common cardiac surgical procedure. The prognosis of revascularization via CABG is determined by the patency of the used grafts, for which an intact endothelium is essential. The degree of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which occurs during the harvest and implantation of the grafts, is an important determinant of graft patency. Preconditioning with aspirin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been shown to reduce the functional and molecular damage of arterial grafts in a rodent model. Studies have found that the zinc-aspirin complex may be able to exert an even better protective effect in pathological cardiovascular conditions. Thus, our aim was to characterize the protective effect of zinc-aspirin complex on free arterial grafts in a rodent model of revascularization.

Methods

Donor Lewis rats were treated with either zinc-aspirin, aspirin, or placebo (n = 8) for 5 days, then the aortic arches were harvested and stored in cold preservation solution and implanted heterotopically in the abdominal cavity of the recipient rats, followed by 2 h of reperfusion. There was also a non-ischemia-reperfusion control group (n = 8). Functional measurements using organ bath and histomorphological changes using immunohistochemistry were analyzed.

Results

The endothelium dependent maximal vasorelaxation was improved (non-transplanted control group: 82% ± 3%, transplanted control group: 14% ± 2%, aspirin group: 31% ± 4%, zinc-aspirin group: 52% ± 4%), the nitro-oxidative stress and cell apoptosis decreased, and significant endothelial protection was shown in the groups preconditioned with aspirin or zinc-aspirin. However, zinc-aspirin proved to be more effective in the reduction of IRI, than aspirin alone.

Discussion

Preconditioning with zinc-aspirin could be a promising way to protect the function and structural integrity of free arterial grafts, thus improving the outcomes of CABG.
Gathering insights into volcanic risk from Auckland to the Andes, Antilles, and Arabia: an unexpected journey to professorship in volcanology
Authors: Lindsay Jan M.
Published: January 2024

In 2020 I was promoted to Professor at Waipapa Taumata Rau the University of Auckland (UoA), joining the small circle of women (now three, the others being Kathleen Campbell and Philippa Black, also from UoA) who had achieved promotion to Professor in Geology in Aotearoa New Zealand, and the first ever in the field of volcanology. This promotion was a gratifying and somewhat unexpected achievement for me considering that I had started out studying languages and linguistics! In this contribution, which is based on my “inaugural” lecture as Professor in 2021, I provide an overview of my journey, framed primarily through the work of my doctoral students. I pay particular focus on the Andes where I worked on large silicic caldera systems, the Lesser Antilles, characterised by andesite and dacitic dome complexes and stratovolcanoes, and the distributed basaltic volcanism in Auckland and Saudia Arabia. I share some insights gained along the way and describe how these have influenced a shift in my research from more fundamental petrology to more applied volcanology over the course of my career.
Diagnostic value of qualitative and quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for differentiating differentiated thyroid carcinomas from benign nodules
Authors: Fan Jinfang , Tao Lingling , Zhan Weiwei , Li Weiwei , Kuang Lijun , Zhao Yingyan , Zhou Wei
Published: January 2024

Objective

To explore the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of qualitative and quantitative parameters for differentiating differentiated thyroid cancers from benign nodules.

Method

A total of 290 thyroid nodules that were pathologically confirmed were enrolled in this study. The univariate analysis was performed for the clinical characteristics and CEUS qualitative and quantitative parameters of the inside and peripheral zone of nodules, including age, gender, nodule size, intensity of enhancement, homogeneity, wash-in and wash-out patterns, margin after CEUS, ring enhancement, peak intensity, sharpness, time to peak(TP), and area under the curve(AUC), and the meaningful indicators in the single-factor analysis were further included in multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Multivariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age (p=0.031), nodule size (p<0.001), heterogeneous enhancement (p<0.001), hypo-enhancement (p=0.001), unclear margin after CEUS(p=0.007), inside peak (p<0.001), and outside sharpness(p<0.001) between benign and malignant nodules. However, there were no significant differences in gender, ring enhancement, wash-in, wash-out, outside TP, outside AUC between benign and malignant thyroid nodules (P>0.05, for all).

Conclusion

CEUS might be useful in the differential diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancers and benign nodules, which could provide a certain basis for clinical treatment.
The effects of environmental regulations on the sustainable entrepreneurship from the perspective of dynamic capabilities: a study based on Chinese new energy enterprises
Authors: Peng Huatao , Pan Yueyi
Published: January 2024

Environmental regulations play important roles in enterprises’ sustainable entrepreneurship, and their relationships are affected by enterprises’ dynamic capabilities. This paper analyzed the panel data of China’s new energy industry from 2011 to 2021, aiming to explore the impact of environmental regulations on sustainable entrepreneurship and the mechanism of dynamic capacities between them. The results include: There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between incentive environmental regulation and enterprises’ sustainable entrepreneurial performances, and there is a positive relationship between command environmental regulations and enterprises’ sustainable entrepreneurial performances; Both absorptive capacity and innovative capability of dynamic capacities negatively moderate the inverted U-shaped relationship between incentive environmental regulations and sustainable entrepreneurial performances, and negatively moderate the positive relationship between command environmental regulations and sustainable entrepreneurial performances. The results highlight the importance of dynamic capabilities for new energy enterprises, and provide a certain enlightening effect on the formulation of environmental regulation policies, as well as the application of enterprises’ dynamic capabilities.
Source and genesis of Ca-Cl type brines in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: evidence from hydrochemistry as well as B and Li isotopes
Authors: Li Yongshou , Pan Tong , Li Hongpu , Cheng Huaide , Zhang Pengcheng , Han Wenhua , Li Binkai , Yuan Qin , Ma Xuehai , Ma Haizhou
Published: January 2024

Ca-Cl brine is a highly mineralized special water body occurring in oceanic ridges or basins. The deep part of the western Qaidam Basin is rich in Ca-Cl brine, which is essential for the formation of (MgSO4-deficient) potash deposits. Previous studies on this type of brine in the Qaidam Basin focused on its source tracing, but different carriers led to different conclusions. Moreover, the genesis of Ca-Cl brines in inland basins still remains unclear. In essence, a solid understanding of the relatively abundant Ca sources for the formation of Ca-Cl brines in inland basins has not been reached. In addition, a metallogenic model for this type of brine has not yet been established. Through hydrochemical analysis as well as Band Li isotope tracing, this study clarified that the main elements (Na and Cl) in these Ca-Cl brines mainly originated from the dissolution of existing evaporites in the inner basin. Further, trace elements in Ca-Cl brines (such as Band Li) mainly originated from lixiviation; atmospheric rainfall infiltrated and interacted with ore-rich mother rocks along the basin-margin fracture system under suitable temperature-pressure conditions; alternatively, they may have originated from mixing with magmatic hydrothermal fluids. This study showed that Ca-Cl brines in the western part of the Qaidam Basin have a typical “binary structure” in terms of their sources. In addition, the sources of Ca in Ca-Cl brines were further discussed based on B and Li isotope data, thus exploring a new genesis of Ca-Cl brines in inland basins. Finally, by integrating the above findings, an ore-forming model of this type of water body in the western part of the Qaidam Basin is proposed. This study is valuable for understanding the genesis mechanism of Ca-Cl brines in inland basins, and also has practical significance for the prediction, exploration, and evaluation of this type of brine resource.
Computational analysis of cas proteins unlocks new potential in HIV-1 targeted gene therapy
Authors: Dampier Will , Berman Rachel , Nonnemacher Michael R. , Wigdahl Brian
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic has been slowed with the advent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). However, ART is not a cure and as such has pushed the disease into a chronic infection. One potential cure strategy that has shown promise is the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas gene editing system. It has recently been shown to successfully edit and/or excise the integrated provirus from infected cells and inhibit HIV-1 in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. These studies have primarily been conducted with SpCas9 or SaCas9. However, additional Cas proteins are discovered regularly and modifications to these known proteins are being engineered. The alternative Cas molecules have different requirements for protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) which impact the possible targetable regions of HIV-1. Other modifications to the Cas protein or gRNA handle impact the tolerance for mismatches between gRNA and the target. While reducing off-target risk, this impacts the ability to fully account for HIV-1 genetic variability.

Methods: This manuscript strives to examine these parameter choices using a computational approach for surveying the suitability of a Cas editor for HIV-1 gene editing. The Nominate, Diversify, Narrow, Filter (NDNF) pipeline measures the safety, broadness, and effectiveness of a pool of potential gRNAs for any PAM. This technique was used to evaluate 46 different potential Cas editors for their HIV therapeutic potential.

Results: Our examination revealed that broader PAMs that improve the targeting potential of editors like SaCas9 and LbCas12a have larger pools of useful gRNAs, while broader PAMs reduced the pool of useful SpCas9 gRNAs yet increased the breadth of targetable locations. Investigation of the mismatch tolerance of Cas editors indicates a 2-missmatch tolerance is an ideal balance between on-target sensitivity and off-target specificity. Of all of the Cas editors examined, SpCas-NG and SPRY-Cas9 had the highest number of overall safe, broad, and effective gRNAs against HIV.

Discussion: Currently, larger proteins and wider PAMs lead to better targeting capacity. This implies that research should either be targeted towards delivering longer payloads or towards increasing the breadth of currently available small Cas editors. With the discovery and adoption of additional Cas editors, it is important for researchers in the HIV-1 gene editing field to explore the wider world of Cas editors.
Systematic comparison of variant calling pipelines of target genome sequencing cross multiple next-generation sequencers
Authors: Feng Baosheng , Lai Juan , Fan Xue , Liu Yongfeng , Wang Miao , Wu Ping , Zhou Zhiliang , Yan Qin , Sun Lei
Published: January 2024

Targeted genomic sequencing (TS) greatly benefits precision oncology by rapidly detecting genetic variations with better accuracy and sensitivity owing to its high sequencing depth. Multiple sequencing platforms and variant calling tools are available for TS, making it excruciating for researchers to choose. Therefore, benchmarking study across different platforms and pipelines available for TS is imperative. In this study, we performed a TS of Reference OncoSpan FFPE (HD832) sample enriched by TSO500 panel using four commercially available sequencers, and analyzed the output 50 datasets using five commonly-used bioinformatics pipelines. We systematically investigated the sequencing quality and variant detection sensitivity, expecting to provide optimal recommendations for future research. Four sequencing platforms returned highly concordant results in terms of base quality (Q20 > 94%), sequencing coverage (>97%) and depth (>2000×). Benchmarking revealed good concordance of variant calling across different platforms and pipelines, among which, FASTASeq 300 platform showed the highest sensitivity (100%) and precision (100%) in high-confidence variants calling when analyzed by SNVer and VarScan 2 algorithms. Furthermore, this sequencer demonstrated the shortest sequencing time (∼21 h) at the sequencing mode PE150. Through the intersection of 50 datasets generated in this study, we recommended a novel set of variant genes outside the truth set published by HD832, expecting to replenish HD832 for future research on tumor variant diagnosis. Besides, we applied these five tools to another panel (TargetSeq One) for Twist cfDNA Pan-cancer Reference Standard, comprehensive consideration of SNP and InDel sensitivity, SNVer and VarScan 2 performed best among them. Furthermore, SNVer and VarScan 2 also performed best for six cancer cell lines samples regarding SNP and InDel sensitivity. Considering the dissimilarity of variant calls across different pipelines for datasets from the same platform, we recommended an integration of multiple tools to improve variant calling sensitivity and accuracy for the cancer genome. Illumina and GeneMind technologies can be used independently or together by public health laboratories performing tumor TS. SNVer and VarScan 2 perform better regarding variant detection sensitivity for three typical tumor samples. Our study provides a standardized target sequencing resource to benchmark new bioinformatics protocols and sequencing platforms.
Clinical signs and symptoms of Wilson disease in a real-world cohort of patients in the United States: a medical chart review study
Authors: Medici Valentina , Kebede Nehemiah , Stephens Jennifer , Kunjappu Mary , Vierling John M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

There are limited data from the United States regarding the real-world signs and symptoms of Wilson disease (WD). This retrospective, observational medical chart review was conducted to identify real-world characteristics of patients with WD in the United States, as well as WD signs and symptoms at diagnosis and over time.

Methods

De-identified clinical data were abstracted from medical charts of US patients diagnosed with WD between January 1, 2012, and June 30, 2017. Hepatic, neurologic, and psychiatric biochemical findings, signs, and symptoms were characterized at diagnosis and follow-up/during treatment.

Results

In total, 225 WD patients were included in the study. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 24.7 (9.8) years, and 65.3% were male. Median (Q1–Q3) follow-up after diagnosis was 39.5 (33.8–60.4) months. The most common disease presentation at WD diagnosis was combined neurologic/psychiatric and hepatic (52.9%), followed by neurologic/psychiatric (20.0%), hepatic (16.9%), and asymptomatic (10.2%). Common clinical characteristics at diagnosis were Kayser-Fleischer rings (77.2%), low ceruloplasmin levels (95.2%), high hepatic copper (97.8%), elevated 24-hour urinary copper excretion (90.2%), and abnormal liver function tests (38.7%–85.1%). At diagnosis, the most common biochemical findings or hepatic sign/symptoms were abnormal liver enzymes (50.7%), abdominal pain (16.6%), and fatigue (15.7%). The most common neurologic signs/symptoms were headache (18.3%), dysarthria (17.4%), and ataxia (17.0%). Common psychiatric signs/symptoms included anxiety/depression/other mood changes (36.2%), emotional lability (12.8%), and increased irritability/anger outbursts (9.2%). Prevalence of biochemical abnormalities or signs/symptoms among patients at diagnosis and after ~1-year follow-up were neurologic (60.1% and 44.0%), hepatic (69.6% and 37.8%), and psychiatric (53.7% and 37.6%), respectively. Common new onset symptoms at ~1-year post-WD diagnosis were abnormal liver enzymes (5.6%), headache (6.2%), and anxiety/depression/other mood changes (7.2%).

Conclusions

These real-world, descriptive data highlight the clinical complexity and heterogeneity of WD and the need for better education about diagnostic testing and multidisciplinary support. Although rare, the neurologic, psychiatric, and hepatic signs/symptoms of WD have a substantial clinical impact.
Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in HIV-vertically infected young patients after three doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
Authors: Vanetti Claudia , Stracuzzi Marta , Crivellaro Elisa , Ciciliano Federica , Garziano Micaela , Fenizia Claudio , Biasin Mara , Rubinacci Valeria , Amendola Antonella , Tanzi Elisabetta , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , Clerici Mario , Giacomet Vania , Trabattoni Daria
Published: January 2024

Background

Data on the efficacy of three SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine doses and the role of previous SARS-CoV-2-infection in enhancing vaccine immunogenicity in HIV-vertically-infected people living with HIV (PLWH) are limited, as is the duration of vaccine-induced responses.

Methods

SARS-CoV-2 plasma neutralizing activity (NA) against the European (B.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) were analyzed in 29 ART-treated young PLWH (mean age 27.9 years) and 30 healthy controls (HC) who received three BNT162b2 vaccine doses. Individuals were stratified based on the presence/absence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (infected and vaccinated -SIV-; uninfected and vaccinated -SV-). Analyses were performed before vaccination (T0), 25 days from the second dose (T1), the day the third dose was administered (T2), and 3 months after the third dose (T3).

Results

In PLWH: i) NA against all variants was higher in SIV compared to SV at T2 and was increased at T3; ii) switched-memory plasmablasts were augmented in SIV alone at T2 and T3; iii) a SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell memory was generated; iv) IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were boosted at T3 mainly in SV. CMI magnitude was reduced in PLWH compared to HC. Notably, after the third dose of vaccine viremia was unmodified, but CD4 T cell counts were reduced>20% in 3/29 PHLW.

Conclusion

A third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine induces strong humoral and CMI responses in young ART-treated PLWH independently from a previous SARS-CoV-2 natural infection. The lower magnitude of CMI responses should be considered when planning mRNA vaccine booster doses in PLWH.