bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zum feministischen Sprachgebrauch „Gendern“ im Deutschen insbesondere in Österreich
Authors: Pohl Heinz-Dieter
Published: March 2020

Ausgehend von der Frage, ob das sogenannte „Gendern“ mit Schrägstrich Lehrer/in, Binnen-I LehrerIn, Gender Gap Lehrer_in, Sternchen Lehrer* usw. mit der deutschen Rechtschreibung vereinbar ist, werden einige amtliche Leitfäden dazu vorgestellt. Anhand ausgewählter Beispiele wird gezeigt, dass die grammatikalische Kategorie Genus und die biologische Kategorie Sexus zwei grundverschiedene Dinge sind. Ein konsequentes „Gendern“ wäre ein schwerwiegender Eingriff in die natürliche Sprache.Gendering in German language particularly in AustriaWith regard to the question to what extent the so-called “Gendern” is compatible with German orthography, the usage of gendering in the Austrian German language is shown by official guides. The different possibilities of gendering in German are indicated, e.g. slash Lehrer/in ʻteacherʼ, “I within” LehrerIn, gender gap Lehrer_in, asterisk Lehrer* etc. On the basis of well-chosen examples the problems are also explained. It is clearly indicated that the grammatical category of genus and the biological category of sexus are two different things and that the grammaticalization of the biological gender is not possible. A consistent gendering is a serious intervention into the natural language.
Routineformeln im Pressinterview mit Prominenten am Beispiel des Magazins »Der Spiegel«
Authors: Duch-Adamczyk Justyna
Published: March 2020

In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz wird versucht, das sprachliche Bild des »Der Spiegel«-Interviews mit Prominenten zu umreißen. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich dabei auf sprachliche und formelhafte Mit­tel, die für diesen Typ des Interviews prädestiniert sind. In dem Aufsatz wird auf das Modell der Sprache der Nähe und Distanz von Koch / Oesterreicher 1985 eingegangen. Des Weiteren werden die Eigenschaften der Textsorte Interview referiert. Anschließend wird eine Analyse der ausgewähl­ten Formeln nach dem Kriterium ihrer pragmatischen Funktion vorgenommen. Der Aufsatz soll einen Beitrag dazu leisten, die sprachlichen Besonderheiten und Regularitäten des Textsortentyps Interview mit Prominenten zu erfassen.Formulae in press interviews with celebrities illustrated by the magazine »Der Spiegel«The article is concerned with the linguistic picture of interviews with celebrities which appear in the German magazine »Der Spiegel«. The paper focuses on linguistic and formulaic lexical means predestined for this type of interview. The paper discusses the Koch’s und Oesterreicher’s model for language of immediacy and language of distance 1985. Secondly, the characteristics of the interview as a type of text are presented. In the next step the analysis of selected formulae is made according to their pragmatic function in the interview. The article shall contribute to illustrate the linguistic picture and certain language regularities in this type of text.
Störungsfaktoren im Bereich der universitären Wissensvermittlung in gesprochener Sprache
Authors: Grzeszczakowska-Pawlikowska Beata
Published: March 2020

Hochschu­len.  Dies trifft u.a. für die universitäre Wissensvermittlung zu. Auf Grund der steigenden Studie­renden-Mobilität bilden die interkulturell bunt gemischten Seminare einen festen Bestandteil der universitären Lehre. Der interkulturelle insgesamt durchaus positiv zu wertende Austausch unter Stu­dierenden bedeutet allerdings nicht in allen Fällen eine reibungslose Kommunikation. In der kom­munikativen Wirklichkeit ist auch potenziell mit gewissen Störungen zu rechnen. Das Erfassen von Ursachen für diese Störungen stellt einen ersten Schritt für die Optimierung der jeweiligen Kommunikationsabläufe dar. Dieser Problematik widmet sich der vorliegende Beitrag am Beispiel einer interkulturell geprägten Redesituation, in der akademisch gesichertes Wissen vermittelt wird.Disruptions to the communication of academic knowledge through spoken language Intercultural communication has, for some time now, been a feature of everyday life in higher edu­cation institutions. This applies also to the communication of academic knowledge acquired by students during their university studies. Increasing student mobility means that interculturally di­verse seminars are now a central feature of university teaching and learning but, although the ex­change between students certainly ought to be viewed positively, it does not always lead to smooth communication. In real-life communication there may be potential disruptions. Understanding what causes such disruptions constitutes the first step towards optimizing oral interactions. This paper will explore this issue, using the example of a spoken interaction in which academic knowledge is communicated.
Karl Weinholds Breslauer Perioden I
Authors: Kunicki Wojciech
Published: March 2020

Im Falle des vorliegenden Aufsatzes handelt es sich um ein Kapitel einer vom Autor vorbereiteten Monographie zur Geschichte der Germanistik an der Universität Breslau seit ihrer Gründung bis in das Jahr 1918. Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrages steht der wissenschaftliche Werdegang des im nieder­schlesischen Reichenbach heute: Dzierżoniów geborenen Philologen Karl Weinholds. Besonders hervorgehoben wird Weinholds Interesse für die Erforschung der niederschlesischen Mundarten, wie auch seine Kontakte zu bedeutenden Persönlichkeiten seiner Zeit wie Karl von Holtei oder Theodor Jacobi.Karl Weinholds Breslau periodsThe presented article is a chapter of a planned monograph publication by the author and is dealing with the history of German studies at the University of Breslau from its beginnings to the year 1918. The article revolves around the history of a Lower Silesian philologist Karl Weihnhold, born in Reichenbach today: Dzierżoniów. The author puts special emphasis on Weinhold’s interest in the research on Silesian dialects as well as on his contacts with significant figures of his time like Karl von Holtei or Theodor Jacobi.
Obrót nieruchomościami w Unii Europejskiej wobec swobody przepływu kapitału
Authors: Borkowski Andrzej
Published: March 2020

Real property trade in the European Union and free movement of capitalThe subject matter of this article is to selectively discuss the basic factors affecting the freedom of real property trade within the common market of the European Union. The guaranties secur­ing thefreedom to acquire by union foreigners real property in the member states follow directly from the provisions of TFEU. The set of treaty regulations relating to internal market freedoms holds a key role in the process of realising the fundamental purposes of the European Union. The free movement of capital has profound meaning for the realisation of all the treaty freedoms. Deviations from the rule, which allow for limiting the freedom and which result from the will of the member states, are acceptable within the legal system of the European Union only in exceptional circum­stances provided by that law. There are two groups of conditions required for alawful deviation from the rule of the free movement of capital. The first group covers the considerations resulting directly from the Treaty. The second includes the circumstances deemed lawful pursuant to the for­mula of imperative requirements of the public interest.
„Tà apórreta” w prawie ateńskim
Authors: Rominkiewicz Jarosław
Published: March 2020

Tà apórreta in Athenian law  The article is devoted to tà apórreta — “forbidden words” in Athenian law, a groundless use of which could lead to a defamation charge díke kakegorías. The apórreta catalogue included terms like androphónos “mankiller”, metraloías “mother beater”, patraloías “father beater”, apobeblekénai ten aspída, i.e. accusation of abandoning one’s shield on a battlefield as well as accusation of undertaking paid work on the agora levelled against an Athenian citizen. After presenting the sources making it possible to partly reconstruct the catalogue of the “forbidden words”, the author analyses the various apórreta. Next, he presents theories explaining the reasons why these terms were proclaimed forbidden and tries to determine when the law in question was adopted.Tà apórreta im athenischen RechtDer Beitrag ist den tà apórreta — „verbotenen Worten” im athenischen Recht gewidmet, deren unbegründete Anwendung die Erhebung einer Klage wegen Verbalinjurie díke kakegorías zur Fol­ge haben konnte. In dem Katalog der apórreta befanden sich folgende Bezeichnungen: androphónos „Mörder”, metraloías „der die Mutter Schlagende”, patraloías „der den Vater Schlagende”, die Wendung apobeblekénai ten aspída, also die Beschuldigung, das Schild auf dem Kampffeld liegen gelassen zu haben oder der Vorwurf auf der Agora, ein römischer Bürger sei erwerbstätig. Nach der Schilderung der Quellen, die eine teilweise Widerherstellung des Katalogs der „verbotenen Worte” ermöglichten, analysiert der Autor die einzelnen apórreta. Im weiteren Teil des Beitrags stellt er sei­ne Theorien dar, die erklären sollten, warum diese Wendungen für verbotene Worte erklärt wurden und versucht zu ermitteln, wann dieses Recht beschlossen wurde.
Mikołaj Kornicz — polski husyta oczami historyka ustroju i prawa
Authors: Kruszewski Tomasz
Published: March 2020

Mikołaj Kornicz — a Polish Hussite in the eyes of a historian of the state and lawMikołaj Kornicz Siestrzeniec was one of the best known Polish participants in the Hussite movement. A lot of information about him, mainly in the form of entries in court registers, has survived, which makes it possible to say that Mikołaj Kornicz was a typical child of his era. Drawing on the example of such a figure, a historian of the state and law can study various actions with regard to their lawfulness or unlawfulness at the time.Mikołaj Kornicz — der polnische Hussit in den Augen des Historikers für Staat und RechtMikołaj Kornicz Siestrzeniec war einer der am besten bekannten polnischen Teilnehmer der Hussitenbewegung. Es sind viele, ihn betreffende, mit Quellen belegte Informationen erhalten, hauptsächlich Eintragungen in den Gerichtsbüchern. Anhand dieser Überlieferungen kann festgestellt werden, dass Mikołaj Kornicz ein typisches Kind der Epoche gewesen war und ein Staats- und Rechtshistoriker kann am Beispiel dieses Personentypus verschiedene damals rechtmäßige oder auch rechtswidrige Vorgehensweisen untersuchen.
Główne założenia projektów ustaw o odpowiedzialności nieletnich na gruncie prawa karnego, opracowanych w początkach II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Pasek Andrzej
Published: March 2020

The main principles of draft legislation concerning juvenile liability under criminal law formulated at the beginning of the Second Polish RepublicThe paper is devoted to the main principles of draft legislation concerning juvenile liability under criminal law formulated in the early days of the Second Polish Republic. The author discusses the most important legal terms and constructs of the drafts formulated by Józef Reinhold and the Codification Commission of the Republic of Poland.He demonstrates that juvenile liability under criminal law was presented in a concise and clear manner in the draft regulations, with the legislators reaching a compromise over the latest views of the proponents of the legal doctrine at the time and making a creative use of the solutions used in other countries as well as these countries’ experiences. The aim of the Polish proposals was, first of all, to reform the juvenile offenders and not to put them in prison. The reform of criminal law applying to juveniles was meant to formulate special legal regulations as well as an autonomous adjudication procedure. It should be emphasised that the suggestions formulated in the Polish legal doctrine and legislation in the inter-war period were taken into account in the Polish Criminal Code of 1932 and still constitute the basis for dealing with juveniles committing criminal offences.Hauptgrundsätze der zu Beginn der Zweiten Polnischen Republik ausgearbeiteten Gesetzesvorschläge betreffend die strafrechtliche Verantwortung MinderjährigerDie Bearbeitung betrifft die Hauptgrundsätze der Projekte betreffend die strafrechtliche Verantwortung von Minderjährigen, die in den Anfängen der Zweiten Polnischen Republik ausgearbeitet wurden. Besprochen wurden die wichtigsten Begriffe und Rechtskonstruktionen des Projektes von Józef Reinhold und der Kodifikationskommission der Republik Polen.Es wurde bewiesen, dass die strafrechtliche Verantwortung von Minderjährigen in den polnischen Entwürfen synthetisch und durchsichtig ausgedrückt wurde. Sie berücksichtigten auch die neusten Meinungen der damaligen Doktrin des Strafrechtes und nutzten kreativ die entsprechenden Lösungen und Erfahrungen anderer Staaten. Das Ziel der in Polen ausgearbeiteten Lösungen war die Besserung der minderjährigen Straftäter und nicht ihre Bestrafung mit dem Freiheitsentzug. Die Reform des Strafrechtes für Minderjährige führte zur Aussonderung spezieller rechtlicher Regulierungen und einer autonomen Entscheidungsart. Zu betonen ist, dass die in der polnischen Rechtslehre und in der Gesetzgebung zu den Anfängen der Zwischenkriegszeit des 20. Jahrhunderts ausgearbeiteten Forderungen in dem polnischen Strafgesetzbuch aus dem Jahre 1932 berücksichtigt wurden und weiterhin eine Verfahrensgrundlage bei straffälligen Minderjährigen darstellen.
Krajowy system ratowniczo-gaśniczy w zarządzaniu kryzysowym
Authors: Czudiak Jakub
Published: March 2020

National firefighting and rescue system in crisis managementThe article characterizes the essence of cooperation and dependence between the National rescue and fire extinguishing system and the crisis management system. The study indicates the origin of the indicated systems, the legal basis for their functioning, and the administration bodies performing  the tasks. The purpose of the publication is to describe the structure of the rescue and firefighting system and crisis management together with the presentation of their common elements. The author describes, amongst other features, the operating phases of individual systems, taking into account convergent and corresponding elements. The postulates that the systems complement each other, and the primary objective of their functioning is to act for the benefit of citizens’ and state security.
Działania ratownicze ochotniczych straży pożarnych podczas akcji ratowniczych organizowanych i prowadzonych przez Państwową Straż Pożarną
Authors: Filaber Joanna
Published: March 2020

Rescue actions of volunteer firefighters during rescue operations organised and managed by State FirefightersThere are several kinds of entities responsible for fire protection strictly related to public safety of the Republic of Poland: public administration organs and specialised units. Furthermore, fire protection is provided by non-government organisations and citizens themselves. The latter associate as, for example, members of volunteer firefighters who gather deliberately to take civil responsibility  for both individual and local safety risked by fire and other dangers. The aim of this paper is to present the legal aspects of volunteer firefighters rescue actions and to indicate their position and significance in operations organised and managed by State Firefighters to provide fire protection of the Republic of Poland.
Ochotnicza straż pożarna jednostką ochrony przeciwpożarowej
Authors: Nowicki Henryk
Published: March 2020

Volunteer fire department as a  part of fire safetyThis article presents a  legal status of volunteer fire departments and their role in the fire safety system. It pays particular attention to the fact that the activity in the field of fire safety belongs to public task, in this case carried out by social organisations. Taking into account the legal status of the volunteer fire departments acting as associations which often have a  character of public benefit organisations, the author postulates a  clear statutory indication of the legal nature of the volunteer fire departments as associations with legal personality. Therefore it is important to equip the volunteer fire departments with professional legal and fund management which should be provided by the relevant municipalities.
Szkolenie w ochotniczej straży pożarnej w ciągu lat
Authors: Dąbrowa Ryszard , Dąbrowa Paweł
Published: March 2020

The training system of the volunteer fire-fightersTo enable fire-fighters to successfully fulfill their responsibilities, they need to constantly improve their skills and broaden their knowledge to help society and to be ready to deal with the new civilization hazards and threats. The legislation of the fire safety law regulations in the 1991 enforce to organize the new education system both for the professional fire management officers and the commanders of the volunteer fire units. Moreover it enables to acquire the new qualifications on the field of the fire safety equipment such as: hydraulic equipment, lifting bags, thermal camera, multi-gas sensor detector.All of those qualifications are necessary to broaden the scope of the responsibilities of the volunteer fire-fighters on the area of different specialization, where the common professionalism of firefighters can improve the efficiency of rescue actions.
A new system and legal regulation of administrative punishment in the Czech Republic
Authors: Potěšil Lukáš
Published: March 2020

This paper focuses on the new legal regulation that came into effect on 1.07.2017. This represents a relatively new approach to punishment realized by the administrative bodies. The new legal regulation has changed the system of administrative delicts itself as well as practice of administrative bodies. Not only in Poland, where there was a newly-adopted new legal regulation in the Administrative Code KPA, but also in the Czech Republic, we can see how the phenomenon of administrative punishment is becoming important and is an important part of the functioning of public administration. This paper would like to analyze important changes as well as some questions that the new legal regulation in the Czech Republic has brought.
Elektroniczne aspekty w organizacji i przebiegu zgromadzeń
Authors: Błażewski Maciej
Published: March 2020

Electronic aspects of organization and conduct of assembliesThe provisions of the Law on Assemblies Act regulate the use of electronic means of communication during the organization of a public assembly. The application of these means of communication takes place during the proceedings for the organization of an assembly and in connection with its conduct. The provisions allow the use of basic means of communication, such as e-mail and public websites so that electronic administration could be disseminated despite the high level of digital exclusion in society in Poland.
Stulecie polskiego prawa urzędniczego
Authors: Korczak Jerzy
Published: March 2020

Centenary of Polish civil service lawThe article analyzes the legal regulations related to officers and employees working in the offices and organizational units of public administrations in Poland between 1918 and 2018. The results of the study were used to identify the main determinants of clerical law in the past century and to try to assess its consequences.
Ochrona urzędników w kodyfikacji karnej obowiązującej na ziemiach byłego zaboru rosyjskiego w Polsce w latach 1918–1932
Authors: Koredczuk Józef
Published: March 2020

Protection of officials in the criminal codification binding on the territories of the former Russian partition in Poland in the years 1918–1932The protection of officials is aimed at ensuring the functioning of the state which is a common good of all citizens. Protection based on criminal law regulations is a special kind of protection. In the lands of the former Russian partition after 1918, until the adoption of the Polish criminal code in 1932, it was granted on the basis of the provisions contained in Part Six of the Russian Criminal Code of 1903 the so-called Tagantsev code. It was not straightforward because the Russian code was characterized by excessively detailed regulations which created problems with its application in practice. The application of this code required adapting its old content to new conditions. Providing protection to civil servants was, however, one of the main tasks of the revived Polish state.
139 nowela Justyniana I
Authors: Rominkiewicz Jarosław
Published: March 2020

Justinian I’s Novel 139 The article is devoted to Justinian I’s Novel 139 entitled “Remission of the penalty for unlawful marriages”. The author presents the Greek text of the novel with his own translation and commentary. Issued between 535 and 536, the novel was the ruler’s response to a petition submitted to Florus, the comes sacrarum rerum privatarum, by the inhabitants of the village of Sindys as well as Jews from Tyre. They asked in it to be allowed to stay with their wives and for their children to be regarded as legitimate, and to be spared the sanctions for incest provided for in Justinian’s Novel 12. The emperor granted such one-off pardon provided that each of them paid ten pounds of gold. Die 139. Novelle Justinians IDer Artikel ist der 139. Novelle Justinians I. unter dem Titel „Strafbefreiung wegen illegaler Eheschließung“ gewidmet. Der Verfasser präsentiert in ihm den griechischen Text dieser Novelle sowie seine eigene Übersetzung mit Kommentar. Diese zwischen 535 und 536 herausgegebene Novelle ist die Antwort des Herrschers auf eine Bittschrift der Bewohner des Dorfes Syndys und der Juden aus Tyros. Sie baten in ihr, dass sie an der Seite der Gattinnen bleiben durften und ihre Kinder als rechtliche zu anerkennen, sowie dass sie von den Sanktionen wegen Blutschande, vorgesehen in der 12. Novelle Justinians, nicht betroffen werden. Der Kaiser akzeptierte einen einmaligen Gnadenakt unter der Bedingung der Bezahlung von 10 Pfund Gold von jedem von ihnen.
Prace legislacyjne nad ustawą o stosunku państwa do Muzułmańskiego Związku Religijnego w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors: Baszak Łukasz
Published: March 2020

Legislative work on the Act on the Relations between the State and the Muslim Religious Association in the Republic of PolandAfter regaining its independence the Second Polish Republic inherited various legal systems from the partitioning powers. They differed with regard to both legal institutions and legal constructs. This state of affairs hindered the integration of the state and caused a lot of problems in socio-economic relations. This was reflected also in the law dealing with religions. The reborn Polish state had to define the legal status of churches and religious associations, among others.The author of the article presents the work associated with the regulation of the legal status of the Muslim Religious Association. The Muslims, who were, with few exceptions, Polish Tatars, were a small minority in the Second Polish Republic. Nevertheless, they managed, following more than a decade of consultations with the government, to have the Act adopted, in accordance with Article 115 of the March Constitution. The Constitution was also the basis of the issuance of an ordinance concerning the recognition of the internal statutes of the association.Gesetzgebungsverfahren betreffend das Verhältnis des Staates zu der Muslimischen Glaubensgemeinschaft in der Republik PolenPolen, das die Unabhängigkeit zurückgewonnen hat, hat auch die diversen Rechtssysteme der Teilungsmächte geerbt. Sie unterschieden sich voneinander sowohl im Bereich der Institutionen als auch der rechtlichen Konstruktionen. Dieser Zustand erschwerte die Integration des Staates und führte zu vielen Problemen im Bereich der wirtschaftlich-sozialen Verhältnisse. Widerspiegelt hat sich das auch im Bereich des Staatskirchenrechts. Eine der Aufgaben des wiedergeborenen Staates war unter anderem, den Rechtsstatus der Kirchen und Glaubensgemeinschaften zu bestimmen.In dem Artikel werden die Arbeiten betreffend die Regulierung des Rechtsstatus der Muslimischen Glaubensgemeinschaft dargestellt. Die Muslime, die mit wenigen Ausnahmen polnische Tataren waren, stellten in der Zweiten Polnischen Republik eine kleine religiöse Minderheit dar. Trotzdem gelang es ihnen, dass ein Gesetz gem. Art. 115 der März-Verfassung nach einigen Jahren von Konsultationen mit der Regierung verabschiedet wurde. Es war auch die Grundlage der Verordnung über die Anerkennung der internen Satzung der Gemeinschaft.
Quelques réflexions sur l’amitié sur l’exemple de „Becket ou l’honneur de Dieu” de Jean Anouilh
Authors: Kucharuk Sylwia
Published: March 2020

A FEW REFLEXIONS ON THE FRIENDSHIP IN BECKET OR THE HONOUR OF GOD BY JEAN ANOUILHThe above work is a conjecture on a new interpretation of the complicated friendship between Henry II, King of England, and Thomas Becket, saint martyr, as characters in Jean Anouilh’s play Becket or The Honour of God. They have little in common, and it seems that everything divides them. An analysis of this opus is used as a starting point to a general reflection on the influence of external factors such as social status and political framework, as well as internal factors such as personality traits, value system, and propriety on particular stages of friendship. The analysis is also an attempt at defining the concept of friendship presented in the play.
Pays, bastion et forteresse catholique ? À propos de la construction du sens social du nom propre Pologne dans le discours de la presse écrite
Authors: Chruściel Patrycja
Published: March 2020

PAYS, BASTION AND FORTERESSE CATHOLIQUE? CONSTRUCTION OF THE MEANING OF THE PROPER NAME POLOGNE IN PRESS DISCOURSE This paper is part of a broader study on the social meaning sens social of the proper name Pologne Poland created in the media production. The analysis of press discourse makes it possible to observe the recurrence of the adjective catholique Catholic in the co-occurrences of this toponym. The aim of this paper is, firstly, to examine the syntactic entourage of the name Pologne in which the adjective catholique appears and, secondly, to analyse, on the paradigmatic axis, reformulations of the toponym Pologne where this adjective appears in the diaphoric network. This approach results in the description of the micro-field of the lexico-discursive profile of the name Pologne.
Contribution à l’étude diachroniquedu vocabulaire relatif au son — remarques sur la traduction du livre v du de architectura de vitruve par jean martin 1547
Authors: Dupuy Estèle , Féron Corinne
Published: March 2020

CONTRIBUTION TO THE DIACHRONIC STUDY OF THE VOCABULARY RELATED TO SOUND: REMARKS ON JEAN MARTIN’S TRANSLATION 1547 OF THE FIFTH BOOK OF DE ARCHITECTURA BY VITRUVIUS Our study tries to precise the signification of words which were used to speak about sound in technical, scientific or practical texts since these words were apprehended only through literary source in ancient and modern dictionaries. This paper deals with lexical choices made by Jean Martin in his translation of De Architectura of Vitruvius, which is the first French translation 1547. This translation has been followed by several other translations including those by Claude Perrault, Charles Maufras, Catherine Saliou. We focused on three terms: loquence and barbotement, which are products of an interpretation of Vitruvius’ text, and resonance, which, in Martin’s meaning, is a product of a semantic change.
De ‘Hollandse reis’ en de Franse visie der Verenigde Nederlanden in de eerste helft van de zeventiende eeuw
Authors: Nijenhuis-Bescher Andreas
Published: March 2020

The ‘Dutch journey’ and the French vision of the United Provinces in the first half of the seventeenth century During the reign of the French king Louis XIV, and especially since the Dutch War 1672–1678, the relationship between the Netherlands and France often seemed only a long-lasting conflict, eclipsing the more positive mutual influences. However, during the Dutch Revolt 1568–1648, which led to the creation of the new Republic of the United Provinces, the two countries were close allies, united by a struggle against a common enemy – Spain.As a result of diplomatic cooperation, French travellers came to discover the young Dutch Republic. Early-modern travellers often kept a journal. From the beginning of the 17th century, such journals were frequently published, giving birth to a distinct literary genre.The analysis of the French travel writing offers an interesting insight into this new country as well as into the society and civilisation that developed in the Low Lands between 1600 and 1650. Religious coexistence or intellectual activities struck the French observers of the small but powerful Republic they discovered, leaving a vivid trace of the Dutch Golden Age, even beyond the reign of Louis XIV.
The Power of Culture: Glossaries and Footnotes to Peter Beilharz
Authors: Bartmański Dominik
Published: March 2020

Siła kultury: glossy i przypisy do Petera Beilharza Kultura stała się jednym ze słów-kluczy w socjologii i centralnych pojęć oraz nieodzownych wymiarów tej dyscypliny. Niemniej jednak zdaje się ona rozproszona, zarówno instytucjonalnie, jak i empirycznie. Wciąż nie jest do końca jasne, jak kultura funkcjonuje, a nawet czym właściwie jest. W życiu codziennym wielu z nas skłonnych jest łączyć nasze problemy i ich rozwiązanie z ciałem, umysłem i właściwych im terapiom, rzadko wybiegając poza tradycyjne rozumienie osoby, fetyszyzując gospodarcze wyniki i polityczny spektakl. Wzory kultury i kolektywne znaczenia są jednak aktywne, będąc źródłem tych ważnych obszarów rzeczywistości. Z tego względu ma sens ponawianie pytania, co zrehabilitowało pojęcie kultury w socjologii, a co odpowiada za trudności i niejasności z niej wynikające? Co czyni ją potężną siłą, a co zdaje się ją rozpraszać w naszej percepcji? I w końcu, dlaczego mamy się nią przejmować właśnie teraz, gdy późnonowoczesne formacje społeczne są w kryzysie, widocznym zwłaszcza gdy się go ogląda z posthumanistycznej perspektywy.
Somaestetyka i gastronomia. Kilka myśli o sztuce jedzenia
Authors: Shusterman Richard
Published: March 2020

Somaestetyka i gastronomia Kilka myśli o sztuce jedzenia

Rozpatrując estetykę gastronomii, można skupić się na co najmniej trzech odrębnych, choć powiązanych nawzajem elementach. Pierwszym są złożone procesy, doświadczenia i  względy cele i  kryteria przygotowywania pożywienia, do których zaliczyć można dbałość o  sposób podawania jedzenia na talerzu i  stole. Drugim elementem są obiekty spożywcze, jako takie, rozważane pod kątem swych własności — nie tylko w  sensie właściwości odbieranych przez różne narządy zmysłów, lecz także w  sensie szerszych społecznych i  symbolicznych znaczeń pokarmów, a  wśród nich ich wartości odżywczych. Trzecim elementem są rozmaite procesy składające się na konsumpcję pożywienia. Ten trzeci wymiar gastronomii dotyczący spożywania jedzenia można rozumieć jako sztukę jedzenia w  bardziej specyficznym sensie węższym od ogólnego pojęcia sztuki gastronomicznej. To na sztuce jedzenia właśnie skupia się mój artykuł. Co odróżnia zwykły akt jedzenia od sztuki jedzenia? Jakie cechy musi mieć podmiot praktykujący jedzenie jako wyrafinowaną sztukę i  jakim wartościom służy sztuka jedzenia? Jakie elementy przynależą do sztuki jedzenia i  w  jakie sposoby sztuka ta angażuje somatyczny podmiot, wymagając somatycznych umiejętności i  wrażliwości? Jak do lepszego zrozumienia sztuki jedzenia może przyczynić się somaestetyka? W  moim artykule staram się odpowiedzieć na te pytania.

 

Somaesthetics and gastronomy: Reflections on the art of eatingIn considering the aesthetics of gastronomy, one can focus on at least three distinct, though related, elements. First, the complex processes, experiences, and considerations aims and criteria in preparing food, which can include also the preparations for the presentation of food on the plate and table; second, the food objects themselves in terms or their qualities — not only the qualities they present to our various senses but also in terms of their larger social and symbolic meanings which can also include meanings related to nutritional qualities; and third, the various processes involved in the consumption of the food. This third dimension of gastronomy, which concerns the ingestion of food, can be construed as the art of eating in the narrower, more specific sense rather than its general sense of gastronomical art, and it is the focus of my paper. What distinguishes the mere act of eating from an art of eating? What qualities are demanded of the subject who practices eating as a  refined art and what values does the art of eating serve? What are the different elements of the art of eating, and what are the different ways in such art engages the somatic subject and requires somatic skill and sensitivity? How can somaesthetics contribute to a  better understanding of the art of eating? My paper addresses these questions.
Lokalna globalność i jej wędrówki
Authors: Nobis Adam , Mrozek Tomasz
Published: March 2020

Local globality and its wanderingsIn the concept of globalization, global phenomena are large, moving, acting and locality is something small, immobile and yielding. In the cosmic perspective, both turn out to be small, entangled in relationships with the Universe and being in constant motion. The text analyzes the relationship between human locality, globality of Earth and the universality of the Universe. The conclusion is that important questions about the meaning of these connections remain open.
Towards the Post-secular Historical Consciousness
Authors: Wiśniewski Tomasz
Published: March 2020

This paper is an attempt to present an idea of post-secular historical consciousness. I start from brief observations about the contemporary post-secular condition and emphasize the presence of some non-secular factors in historical consciousness such as the meaning of the theological tradition. I reveal some elements present in contemporary historiography especially in the writings of Hayden White, which — I believe — are based on ideas derived from religious spiritual, theological imagination, but which also appear useful for eventual conceptualizing of the post-secular historical consciousness. I discuss also political dimensions of the problem, its symptoms and stakes from 9/11 terrorist attacks to Michel Houellebecq’s novel Submission.
Historia i obrazy. Niedokończony film Yael Hersonski
Authors: Nieracka Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

History and images: Yael Hersonski’s A Film Unfinished  The complex relations of the cinematic image with history and memory are the context for the analysis of A Film Unfinished. The author refers to other documentary evidence of the Holocaust Night and Fog by Alain Resnais and Shoah by Claude Lanzmann, to the concept of postmemory Marianne Hirsch and image epistemology Georges Didi-Huberman. This film presents the found footage — a Nazi propaganda document Das Ghetto subjected to the strategy of representation, which consists of a complex network of viewpoints, including various formal procedures. The au­thor reflects on the status of images combined with the testimony of the survivors, the diaries of the ghetto inhabitants, the statements of the Nazi cameraman.
Mobilność artefaktów protestu. Maska Guya Fawkesa w cyklu kontestacji 2008–2017
Authors: Ślosarski Bartosz
Published: March 2020

The mobility of protest artifacts: The Guy Fawkes mask in the cycle of contestation in the years 2008–2017The aim of the article is to present the process of protest artifacts’ mobility using the example of the social biography of Guy Fawkes’ mask. The applied theoretical approach is based on a three-ele­ment concept of the social biography of the artifact which includes transformations in the field of cultural practices what is done with an object, industrialization of an object how and by whom it is made, and the change and acquisition of new meanings by the given artifact in which cultural contexts it is located. The example of the Guy Fawkes mask, as well as masking policy in general, is considered in the context of protests against ACTA in Poland and the other events in the world from the 2008–2017 contestation cycle. The mask leads its own social life, being active and mobile, both in the spaces in which it occurs, social groups that use it and what they do with it, and the forms that it takes.
Krytyka jako dynamika myśli humanistycznej
Authors: Moraczewski Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

Criticism as the dynamics of humanistic thoughtThe text is dedicated to the reconstruction of the idea of the philosophical critique of culture. The emphasis is being put on the origins of such criticism in the Greek distinction between doxa and episteme and its developement through the philosophical criticism of the myth. Next comes the problem of the extension of philosophical critique to the very conditions of the possibility of knowl­edge, achieved by Immanuel Kant, and the effects of this extension for the status of reason. This leads to the concept of the instrumentalization of reason and opens a possibility of consideration of the contemporary status of philosophical criticism.
Gospodarka wartości. Pomiędzy ceną a „ukrytą ręką kultury”
Authors: Schindler Jacek
Published: March 2020

An economy of values: Between price and the hidden hand of culture The term value is commonly used to describe key economic processes and refers to objects, people, economy, and economics. Among the many issues relevant to the relationship of culture and economy the use of the term value in reference to the object — especially in the context of utility value and exchange value — is of particular interest. In cultural studies, a mark-to-market utility is combined with existential i.e.biological and psychological requirements and civilizational advance, which stand in opposition to culture. The author indicates, however, that the sources of the utility of merchandise purchased on a daily basis are manifold and are nowadays primarily related to cultural preferences. As a consequence, the possibility of replacing the current economic model with a more sustainable one is largely blocked by the hidden hand of culture.
Dziwność istnienia. O nurcie „bizarro fiction” w polskiej literaturze
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Adam
Published: March 2020

Strangeness of Being. On a Current of Bizarro Fiction in Polish LiteratureIn modern culture bizarro fiction is an individual current of horror fantasy. It is distinguished by intentionally iconoclastic character of its artistic visions. To the axiological glittering of bizarro fiction undoubtedly contributes placing of this phenomenon somewhere between the pop culture it is inspired by typical for the kind usage of props and the fiction schema, independent culture overcoming the cultural and social taboo and avant-garde from whom it takes the idea of artistic experiment. Because creators of this phenomenon often use the technique of artistic excess the viewer cannot be sure if — searching for latent sense — they are not the victim of provocation; on the other hand, scandal and buffoonery may constitute amask which enables touching culturally important problems.
Budowanie marki jako performans
Authors: Snarska Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

Brand Building as a PerformanceThe following article is an attempt of description phenomena of corporate spectacles in an anthropological perspective. It focuses on the roots of corporate performatics in terms of carnaval­ization of culture, play, entertainment, self-presentation, acting and also criticism of consumption­ism — phenomena typical for contemporary culture related to part of company’s activities focused on brand building, in particular its subdomain: experiential marketing. The structure is based on 2 types of acting performed by the corporations: presenting oneself, and creation of spectacles. The author aims not only at underlining the strong bonds between brand building and anthropology of spectacles but also attempts to describe the ritual roots of most of branding activities.
Kryminałki dla najmłodszych. O nurcie polskiej literatury kryminalnej adresowanej do dziecięco-młodzieżowego czytelnika po roku 1989. Rekonesans
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Adam
Published: March 2020

Crime stories for the youngest. About the current of Polish crime novels addressed to children and teenagers after 1989: ReconnaissanceLiterature intended for children and teenagers has got a  specific character because of the specificity of the reader. What attracts our attention is first of all the didactic level of texts addressed to young concerning both age and literary knowledge readers and the instrumentalism, understood as a  flow of particular information which aim is exerting a pedagogical influence. Therefore, the criminal intrigue is not in the centre of reader’s attention. It does, however, play an important role as the  fiction mode, which enables genealogical instantiation of a  particular text. This property draws  the crime story for children and teenagers near to the novel of manner which is addressed to the juvenile reader; in this novel, the central theme point remains the closest setting of a  protagonist, who is modelled on the assumed reader and his or her relationship with surroundings. The criminal thread is then fulfilling a  function of a  background which allows boosting the plot of the novel. However, reading texts for children and teenagers can be treated as an introduction to adult-oriented novels, especially when the reader has an opportunity to solve the mystery together with protagonists and outrun them in uncloaking the killer.
Edgar Allan Poe: A question of sport
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Michał
Published: March 2020

Edgar Allan Poe: A question of sportThe above-presented analysis demonstrates that Edgar Allan Poe — just like numerous other writers — was not indifferent towards sport. Literature does not exist in a vacuum. Sport has a great power of influence. It permeates different spheres of life and constitutes an important segment of culture. It creates a fragment of the world of literature as well. Sport has always occupied an important place in American society. The nineteenth century laid the foundations as far as creation of American sports landscape is concerned.34 This was the time when Poe lived and worked. Paradoxically, the writer whose best work is mostly concerned with terror and sadness, quite often — especially in his youth — abandoned himself to a life of pleasure and sports. The research also touched the question of Poe’s legacy in contemporary world, which is not only visible in literary works or films, but also in the sports realm, namely at American football stadiums. Hopefully, the paper is an eye-opener showing that Edgar Allan Poe, “one of the most controversial figures in American literature” 35 had many faces, and exploring his complex personality and rich legacy lets one convince oneself that sport constitutes a part of them.Thanks to the recent rise of interest in sport among scholars in the humanities and social sciences, there has been a steady growth in the number of academic publications dealing with the subject of connections between literature and sport. Only selected aspects of this relation could be described in this article. Obviously, there is a need for further research as far as the presence of sport both in literature and in biographies of writers is concerned.
The breakthrough character of The X-Files: Genre hybridity and narrative structure
Authors: Smoręda Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

The breakthrough character of The X-Files: Genre hybridity and narrative structureThe X-Files should be considered a breakthrough television series, based on its approach to genre hybridity and narrative structure. The series defies traditional genre classifications, combining elements usually attributed to police procedurals, science fiction, and including elements that can be found in horror and sitcom, as well. The article examines how the series mixes these mainstream and cult genres to create a unique genre hybrid attractive to various types of audience. Furthermore, the article analyzes the narrative strategies employed in The X-Files, such as narrative special effects e.g. voice-over narration and multi-episode story arcs that engage viewers and bridge seasons. Finally, the balance between two distinctive episode categories mytharc and standalone/monster-of-the-week will be discussed to understand the series’ innovative character.
Thanatomorphose and Contracted: Feminine body and sexuality in horror and the horror of feminine body and sexuality
Authors: Marak [UMK] Katarzyna , Strehlau Nelly
Published: March 2020

Thanatomorphose and Contracted: Feminine body and sexuality in horror and the horror of feminine body and sexualityThe paper juxtaposes two films — Thanatomorphose directed by Éric Falardeau 2012 and Contracted directed by Eric England 2013 — in order to illustrate how both use similar themes of rot, disfigurement and decay of the body to paint different images of the female body and its aesthetic and functional value. Through the use of close reading, the analysis focuses on the manner in which the aforementioned themes in the discussed film texts are expressed within the boundaries of horror discourse to emphasize issues such as abuse, objectification and self-harm.
Ta śmieszna codzienność. Konwencje i źródła humoru w wybranych współczesnych komediach hiszpańskich
Authors: Kaprzyk Marta
Published: March 2020

This funny everyday life: Conventions and sources of humour in contemporary Spanish film comediesIn the article, the author aims to organize and describe the most popular conventions of Spanish film comedy, as well as describe the sources of humor in these movies. Starting with the begin­nings of contemporary post-Franco Spanish cinema, several important changes and developments are described. An economic and legal perspective provides background and a justification for the presented conventions. Additionally, several case-studies are analyzed, most importantly, films by Santiago Segura the series of Torrente and Emilio Martínez Lázaro El otro lado de la cama, Los 2 lados de la cama, Ocho apellidos vascos and Ocho apellidos catalanes.
Między minoderią a ludyzmem: rozważania o kulturze recenzji naukowych
Authors: Cirko Lesław
Published: March 2020

Between ingratiation and ludicity: Reflections on the culture of academic reviewsAfter some introductory remarks concerning the typical features of academic reviews, 400 texts have been analyzed in order to find out whether they are compatible with the academic review text pattern. Having examined these academic reviews concerning avast array of philological themes, it can be claimed that aconsiderable part of them approximately 180 contains alarge number of unexpected, ludic or ingratiating components. After acritical discussion of the above-mentioned phenomena, the author expresses his opinion about this way of academic reviews writing.
Dobre słowo jako tekst magiczny. Życzenie — pozdrowienie — błogosławieństwo
Authors: Masłowska Ewa
Published: March 2020

Good words as a magical text: Wishes, greetings, blessingsThe article is devoted to cultural patterns of creating favourable reality by means of magic words and gestures. The analysis of cognitive settings of wishing scenarios is focused on the semantic memory of symbols referring to a myth and reactivated in the ritual of blessing or expressing good wishes, lexical items etymological meaning and connotation and axiology — the principal criterion of selection which explains the use of traditional patterns and modifications of the code. The author explores the semantic core of wishing rituals preserved in stereotypical patterns of cultural memory and examines their linguistic manifestations.
Ślady przemian obyczajowych w języku XXI wieku. Próba interpretacji nowych form i znaczeń
Authors: Marcjanik Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

Traces of cultural transformation in the twenty-first century. An attempt at interpretation of new forms and meaningsThe subject of the article are the changes of customs after 1989 that are reflected in the twenty-first century language, and their causes. The author discusses three ranges of issues: innovation in the field of linguistic politeness of the young generation of Poles; computer and Internet vocabulary; obscenities and curses in open communication space.