bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Several rare freshwater planktic Cyanobacteria (Cyanoprokaryotes) from reservoirs in South America
Authors: Komárek Jiøi , Komárková-Legnerová Jaroslava
Published: June 2013

Ten rare filamentous cyanobacterial oscillatorialean morphospecies, recorded in plankton of freshwater water bodies in tropical and subtropical South America, mainly in São Paulo State, Brazil, are described in this article. Four morphospecies from the genera Romeria, Arthrospira, Planktothricoides and Hormoscilla are not identifiable according to literature, and they are described as new for science.
Efeitos de diferentes concentrações de nitrogênio no crescimento de Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L.B. Sm. cultivada in vitro
Authors: Kanashiro Shoey , Ribeiro Roberval de Cássia Salvador , Gonçalves Antonio Natal , Dias Carlos Tadeu dos Santos , Jocys Teresa
Published: June 2013

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos nutricionais de diferentes concentrações de nitrogênio (7,5; 15; 30; 60 e 120 mM) no crescimento de plântulas de A. blanchetiana cultivadas in vitro. Concluiu-se que 7,5 mM de nitrogênio no meio líquido de Murashige & Skoog (MS) modificado foi a concentração ótima para a maior produção de massa fresca e seca.
Cultivo in vitro de clones de Ananas comosus (L.) Merril cultivar 'Smooth Cayenne' em diferentes concentrações de macronutrientes
Authors: Tamaki Vivian , Mercier Helenice , Nievola Catarina Carvalho
Published: June 2013

Clones de Ananas comosus cultivar Smooth Cayenne foram obtidos a partir do estiolamento caulinar. Os nós foram cultivados por 90 dias em diluições dos macronutrientes de Murashige & Skoog (1962) (MS): 1/2, 1/5, 1/10, 1/ 60 e 1/100, além do MS completo. Após esse período observou-se que a partir da diluição 1/10, as massas fresca e seca diminuíram na parte aérea e nas raizes, essa redução ocorreu a partir da diluição 1/60. O maior conteúdo de nitrato endógeno foi encontrado nas plantas cultivadas em MS. Contudo, a concentração dos pigmentos manteve-se constante até a diluição 1/5, diminuindo nas diluições maiores. Os resultados mostram que plantas de Ananas comosus, cultivar Smooth Cayenne, podem ser cultivadas in vitro na diluição MS/5, sem apresentar diferenças significativas em relação ao desenvolvimento daquelas cultivadas no meio MS completo.
Sirocladium robustum, uma nova espécie de Zygnemataceae (Chlorophyta)
Authors: Pereira Jeferson Luizi , Branco Luis Henrique Zanini
Published: June 2013

Sirocladium foi descrito por Randhawa (espécie tipo Sirocladium kumaoense) a partir de amostras de uma alga que crescia sobre o solo úmido às margens de uma queda d'água na Índia. O gênero é considerado terrestre e é caracterizado pela presença de apenas dois cloroplastos de forma laminar, bem como pela ocorrência de conjugação sem a formação de tubos. Atualmente, Sirocladium conta com mais três espécies, S. maharashtrense Randhawa, S. vandalurense Randhawa encontradas em solos úmidos da Índia, e S. cubense Rieth que é conhecida de solos úmidos de Cuba. O presente estudo descreve S. robustum, uma nova espécie deste gênero pouco conhecido de Zygnemataceae, cujos espécimes foram coletados crescendo sobre o solo úmido de uma poça permanente na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, no Brasil. As maiores dimensões do comprimento e diâmetro das células, a forma e dimensão dos zigósporos são as características mais distintivas de S. robustum das outras quatro espécies deste gênero.
A checklist of the types of grasses in the Herbarium of the Instituto de Botânica (SP), São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Sendulsky Tatiana , Barros Fábio de
Published: June 2013

A check-list of the types of Poaceae at the herbarium of the Institute of Botany, São Paulo, Brazil (SP) are presented, totalizing 206 specimens and 108 taxa (103 species, two subspecies, and three varieties). Regarding the categories of types, 23 are holotypes, 73 are isotypes, 109 are paratypes, and one is a sintype. Seven type materials pointed in literature as being at the herbarium SP were not found or had an uncertain status.
Uplift load–movement response of bell pier foundations in Gobi gravel
Authors: Qian Zeng-zhen , Lu Xian-long , Tong Rui-ming
Published: June 2013

The purpose of the study described in this paper was to investigate the load–movement behaviour of uplift-loaded bell pier foundations in Gobi gravel. In total, 40 full-scale field tests were carried out in Gobi gravel at seven sites in China. Both the site conditions and the load tests were documented comprehensively. Under tensile loading, the behaviour of the foundations followed a typical two-phase pattern. Normalising the measured load–displacement curves reduced the scatter in the curves. Furthermore, it was found that the normalised uplift load–movement behaviour of the foundations could be characterised by a hyperbolic model. Explicit hyperbolic curve-fitting constants were suggested for the foundations at the 50% and 95% confidence levels. The hyperbolic curve of the normalised load–displacement relationship for the foundations revealed a substantially stiffer response than that of spread footing foundations in backfilled soil.
Local forcings affect lake zooplankton vulnerability and response to climate warming
Authors: Alric Benjamin , Jenny Jean-Philippe , Berthon Vincent , Arnaud Fabien , Pignol Cecile , Reyss Jean-Louis , Sabatier Pierre , Perga Marie-Elodie
Published: June 2013

While considerable insights on the ecological consequences of climate change have been gained from studies conducted on remote lakes, little has been done on lakes under direct human exposure. Ecosystem vulnerability and responses to climate warming might yet largely depend on the ecological state and thus on local anthropogenic pressures. We tested this hypothesis through a paleolimnological approach on three temperate large lakes submitted to rather similar climate warming but varying intensities of analogous local forcings (changes in nutrient inputs and fisheries management practices). Changes in the structure of the cladoceran community were considered as revealing for alterations, over the time, of the pelagic food web. Trajectories of the cladoceran communities were compared among the three study lakes (Lakes Geneva, Bourget, and Annecy) over the last 70–150 years. Generalized additive models were used to develop a hierarchical understanding of the respective roles of local stressors and climate warming in structuring cladoceran communities. The cladoceran communities were not equally affected by climate warming between lakes. In Lake Annecy, which is the most nutrient‐limited, the cladoceran community was essentially controlled by local stressors, with very limited impact of climate. In contrast, the more nutrient‐loaded Lakes Geneva and Bourget were more sensitive to climate warming, although the magnitude of their responses and the pathways under which climate warming affected the communities varied between the two lakes. Finally, our results demonstrated that lake vulnerability and responses to climate warming are modulated by lake trophic status but can also be altered by fisheries management practices through changes in fish predation pressure.
Despite spillover, a shared pathogen promotes native plant persistence in a cheatgrass‐invaded grassland
Authors: Mordecai Erin A.
Published: June 2013

How pathogen spillover influences host community diversity and composition is poorly understood. Spillover occurs when transmission from a reservoir host species drives infection in another host species. In cheatgrass‐invaded grasslands in the western United States, a fungal seed pathogen, black fingers of death (Pyrenophora semeniperda), spills over from exotic cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) to native perennial bunchgrasses such as squirreltail (Elymus elymoides). Previous theoretical work based on this system predicts that pathogens that spill over can favor either host coexistence, the exclusion of either host species, or priority effects, depending on species‐specific transmission rates and pathogen tolerance. Here, these model predictions were tested by parameterizing a population growth model with field data from Skull Valley, Utah, USA. The model suggests that, across the observed range of demographic variation, the pathogen is most likely to provide a net benefit to squirreltail and a net cost to cheatgrass, though both effects are relatively weak. Although cheatgrass (the reservoir host) is more tolerant, squirreltail is far less susceptible to infection, and its long‐lived adult stage buffers population growth against seed losses to the pathogen. This work shows that, despite pathogen spillover, the shared pathogen promotes native grass persistence by reducing exotic grass competition. Counterintuitively, the reservoir host does not necessarily benefit from the presence of the pathogen, and may even suffer greater costs than the non‐reservoir host. Understanding the consequences of shared pathogens for host communities requires weighing species differences in susceptibility, transmission, and tolerance using quantitative models.
Relaxation of species‐specific neighborhood effects in Bornean rain forest under climatic perturbation
Authors: Newbery David M. , Stoll Peter
Published: June 2013

Evidence of negative conspecific density dependence (NDD) operating on seedling survival and sapling recruitment has accumulated recently. In contrast, evidence of NDD operating on growth of trees has been circumstantial at best. Whether or not local NDD at the level of individual trees leads to NDD at the level of the community is still an open question. Moreover, whether and how perturbations interfere with these processes have rarely been investigated. We applied neighborhood models to permanent plot data from a Bornean dipterocarp forest censused over two 10–11 year periods. Although the first period was only lightly perturbed, a moderately strong El Niño event causing severe drought occurred in the first half of the second period. Such events are an important component of the environmental stochasticity affecting the region. We show that local NDD on growth of small‐to‐medium‐sized trees may indeed translate to NDD at the level of the community. This interpretation is based on increasingly negative effects of bigger conspecific neighbors on absolute growth rates of individual trees with increasing basal area across the 18 most abundant overstory species in the first period. However, this relationship was much weaker in the second period. We interpreted this relaxation of local and community‐level NDD as a consequence of increased light levels at the forest floor due to temporary leaf and twig loss of large trees in response to the drought event. Mitigation of NDD under climatic perturbation acts to decrease species richness, especially in forest overstory and therefore has an important role in determining species relative abundances at the site.
Ecosystem‐level studies of terrestrial carbon reveal contrasting bacterial metabolism in different aquatic habitats
Authors: Attermeyer Katrin , Premke Katrin , Hornick Thomas , Hilt Sabine , Grossart Hans-Peter
Published: June 2013

In aquatic systems, terrestrial dissolved organic matter (t‐DOM) is known to stimulate bacterial activities in the water column, but simultaneous effects of autumnal leaf input on water column and sediment microbial dynamics in littoral zones of lakes remain largely unknown. The study's objective was to determine the effects of leaf litter on bacterial metabolism in the littoral water and sediment, and subsequently, the consequences for carbon cycling and food web dynamics. Therefore, in late fall, we simultaneously measured water and sediment bacterial metabolism in the littoral zone of a temperate shallow lake after adding terrestrial particulate organic matter (t‐POM), namely, maize leaves. To better evaluate bacterial production (BP) and community respiration (CR) in sediments, we incubated sediment cores with maize leaves of different quality (nonleached and leached) under controlled laboratory conditions. Additionally, to quantify the incorporated leaf carbon into microbial biomass, we determined carbon isotopic ratios of fatty acids from sediment and leaf‐associated microbes from a laboratory experiment using 13C‐enriched beech leaves. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased significantly in the lake after the addition of maize leaves, accompanied by a significant increase in water BP. In contrast, sediment BP declined after an initial peak, showing no positive response to t‐POM addition. Sediment BP and CR were also not stimulated by t‐POM in the laboratory experiment, either in short‐term or in long‐term incubations, except for a short increase in CR after 18 hours. However, this increase might have reflected the metabolism of leaf‐associated microorganisms. We conclude that the leached t‐DOM is actively incorporated into microbial biomass in the water column but that the settling leached t‐POM (t‐POML) does not enter the food web via sediment bacteria. Consequently, t‐POML is either buried in the sediment or introduced into the aquatic food web via microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) directly associated with t‐POML and via benthic macroinvertebrates by shredding of t‐POML. The latter pathway represents a “benthic shortcut” which efficiently transfers t‐POML to higher trophic levels.
Three-dimensional numerical investigation of turbulent flow and heat transfer inside a horizontal semi-circular cross-sectioned duct
Authors: Arslan Kamil
Published: June 2013

In this study, steady-state turbulent forced flow and heat transfer in a
horizontal smooth semi-circular cross-sectioned duct was numerically
investigated. The study was carried out in the turbulent flow condition where
Reynolds numbers range from 1?104 to 5.5?104. Flow is hydrodynamically and
thermally developing (simultaneously developing flow) under uniform surface
heat flux with uniform peripheral wall heat flux (H2) boundary condition on
the duct?s wall. A commercial CFD program, Ansys Fluent 12.1, with different
turbulent models was used to carry out the numerical study. Different
suitable turbulence models for fully turbulent flow (k-? Standard, k-?
Realizable, k-? RNG, k-? Standard and k-? SST) were used in this study. The
results have shown that as the Reynolds number increases Nusselt number
increases but Darcy friction factor decreases. Based on the present numerical
solutions, new engineering correlations were presented for the average
Nusselt number and average Darcy friction factor. The numerical results for
different turbulence models were compared with each other and similar
experimental investigations carried out in the literature. It is obtained
that, k-? Standard, k-? Realizable and k-? RNG turbulence models are the most
suitable turbulence models for this investigation. Isovel contours of
velocity magnitude and temperature distribution for different Reynolds
numbers, turbulence models and axial stations in the duct were presented
graphically. Also, local heat transfer coefficient and local Darcy friction
factor as function of dimensionless position along the duct were obtained in
this investigation.
Analytical study of the temperature distribution in solids subjected to nonuniform moving heat sources
Authors: Hamraoui Mohamed , Chbiki Mounir , Laraqi Najib , Roseiro Luis
Published: June 2013

We propose in this paper an analytical study of the temperature distribution
in a solid subjected to moving heat sources. The power dissipated by the heat
sources is considered nonuniform. The study was made in steady state. The
model is three-dimensional. It is valid regardless of the relative velocity
of the source. We have considered three cases of semi-elliptic distribution
of the power with: (i) the maximum at the center of the source, (ii) the
maximum at the inlet of the source, (iii) the maximum at the output of the
source. These configurations simulate the conformity imperfection of contact
due to wear and / or the non-uniformity of contact pressure in frictional
devices. We compare the temperature change for these different scenarios and
for different relative velocities, considering the same total power
dissipation. The reference case is that of a uniform source dissipating the
same power.
Pseudo-Bond Graph model for the analysis of the thermal behavior of buildings
Authors: Merabtine Abdelatif , Benelmir Riad , el Ganaoui
Published: June 2013

In this work, a simplified graphical modeling tool, which in some extent can
be considered in halfway between detailed physical and Data driven dynamic
models, has been developed. This model is based on Bond Graphs approach. This
approach has the potential to display explicitly the nature of power in a
building system, such as a phenomenon of storage, processing and dissipating
energy such as Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems. This
paper represents the developed models of the two transient heat conduction
problems corresponding to the most practical cases in building envelope, such
as the heat transfer through vertical walls, roofs and slabs. The validation
procedure consists of comparing the results obtained with this model with
analytical solution. It has shown very good agreement between measured data
and Bond Graphs model simulation. The Bond Graphs technique is then used to
model the building dynamic thermal behavior over a single zone building
structure and compared with a set of experimental data. An evaluation of
indoor temperature was carried out in order to check our Bond Graphs model.
The Yang-Fourier transforms to heat-conduction in a semi-infinite fractal bar
Authors: Yang Ai-Min , Zhang Yu-Zhu , Long Yue
Published: June 2013

1-D fractal heat-conduction problem in a fractal semi-infinite bar has been
developed by local fractional calculus employing the analytical Yang-Fourier
transforms method. The simplicity and the accuracy of the method are
discussed.
A note on the integral approach to non-linear heat conduction with Jeffrey’s fading memory
Authors: Hristov Jordan
Published: June 2013

Integral approach by using approximate profile is successfully applied to
heat conduction equation with fading memory expressed by a Jeffrey?s kernel.
The solution is straightforward and the final form of the approximate
temperature profile clearly delineates the ?viscous effects? corresponding to
the classical Fourier law and the relaxation (fading memory). The optimal
exponent of the approximate solution is discussed in case of Dirichlet
boundary condition.
Effectiveness of oxygen enriched hydrogen-HHO gas addition on DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics
Authors: Premkartikkumar S.R. , Annamalai K. , Pradeepkumar A.R.
Published: June 2013

Nowadays, more researches focus on protecting the environment. Present
investigation concern with the effectiveness of Oxygen Enriched hydrogen- HHO
gas addition on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a DI
diesel engine. Here the Oxygen Enriched hydrogen-HHO gas was produced by the
process of water electrolysis. When potential difference is applied across
the anode and cathode electrodes of the electrolyzer, water is transmuted
into Oxygen Enriched hydrogen-HHO gas. The produced gas was aspirated into
the cylinder along with intake air at the flow rates of 1 lpm and 3.3 lpm.
The results show that when Oxygen Enriched hydrogen-HHO gas was inducted, the
brake thermal efficiency of the engine increased by 11.06%, Carbon monoxide
decreased by 15.38%, Unburned hydrocarbon decreased by 18.18%, Carbon dioxide
increased by 6.06%, however, the NOX emission increased by 11.19%.
The unsteady flow of a nanofluid in the stagnation point region of a time-dependent rotating sphere
Authors: Malvandi Amir
Published: June 2013

This paper deals with the unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer of
nanofluid over a time-dependent rotating sphere where the free stream
velocity varies continuously with time. The boundary layer equations were
normalized via similarity variables and solved numerically. Best accuracy of
the results has been obtained for regular fluid with previous studies. The
nanofluid is treated as a two-component mixture (base fluid+nanoparticles)
that incorporates the effects of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis
simultaneously as the two most important mechanisms of slip velocity in
laminar flows. Our outcomes indicated that as A and ? increase, surface shear
stresses, heat transfer and concentration rates, climb up. Also, Increasing
the thermophoresis Nt is found to decrease in the both values of heat
transfer and concentration rates. This decrease supresses for higher
thermophoresis number. In addition, it was observed that unlike the heat
transfer rate, a rise in Brownian motion Nb, leads to an increase in
concentration rate.
Viscous dissipation effect on the flow of a thermodependent Herschel-Bulkley fluid
Authors: Labsi Nabila , Benkahla Youb , Feddaoui M’barek , Boutra Abdelkader
Published: June 2013

The present study concerns the numerical analysis of both hydrodynamic and
thermal properties of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid flow in a pipe. The flow,
which involves forced heat transfer convection, is steady and takes place
within a pipe of circular cross section with uniform wall temperature. The
Herschel-Bulkley model with the Papanastasiou regularization is used and flow
index values of 1 and 1.5 are considered. The study focuses on the effect of
neglecting both viscous dissipation and temperature dependence of the fluid
consistency on its hydrodynamic and thermal properties. For that purpose, we
investigate both wall heating (Br<0) and wall cooling (Br>0) as well as the
exponential temperature dependence of the consistency. The results show that
neglecting both of these parameters results in more than a 50%
underestimation of the heat transfer due to the viscous nature of this kind
of fluid.
A Single Session of Low-Intensity Exercise Is Sufficient to Enhance Insulin Sensitivity Into the Next Day in Obese Adults
Authors: Newsom Sean A. , Everett Allison C. , Hinko Alexander , Horowitz Jeffrey F.
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a relatively modest session of exercise on insulin sensitivity and fatty acid uptake the next day in obese adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Eleven sedentary obese adults (male/female: 3/8; BMI 37 ± 1 kg/m2; peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak] 20 ± 1 mL/kg/min) completed three experimental trials. On two of these occasions, subjects exercised to expend 350 kcal in the afternoon. These two exercise trials were identical except for the exercise intensity (50% VO2peak [EX50] and 65% VO2peak [EX65]) and the duration of exercise necessary to expend 350 kcal (EX50 = ∼70 min; EX65 = ∼55 min). Subjects also completed a control trial (CON), without exercise. The next morning, we measured insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) and whole-body fatty acid uptake (palmitate rate of disappearance from plasma [Rd]).

RESULTS

Exercise increased insulin sensitivity the next day, but whereas the 35% improvement after EX50 compared with CON was statistically significant (P = 0.01), the 20% improvement after EX65 was not (P = 0.17). Despite nearly identical values between CON and EX65 (P = 0.88), systemic fatty acid uptake was lower after EX50 compared with EX65 (P = 0.02), but not quite significant compared with CON (P = 0.07). Importantly, the change in fatty acid uptake after exercise compared with CON was negatively correlated with the change in insulin sensitivity for all trials (r = −0.60, P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS

A relatively modest single session of exercise in obese adults improved insulin sensitivity the next day, and a reduction in systemic fatty acid uptake in the several hours after exercise may be important for this effect.
Ethnic Differences in Glycemic Markers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wolffenbuttel Bruce H.R. , Herman William H. , Gross Jorge L. , Dharmalingam Mala , Jiang Honghua H. , Hardin Dana S.
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE

Recent studies have reported hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) differences across ethnic groups that could limit its use in clinical practice. The authors of the A1C-Derived Average Glucose study have advocated to report HbA1c in estimated average glucose (AG) equivalents. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between HbA1c and the mean of three 7-point self-monitored blood glucose (BG) profiles, and to assess whether estimated AG is an accurate measure of glycemia in different ethnic groups.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We evaluated 1,879 participants with type 2 diabetes in the DURABLE trial who were 30 to 80 years of age, from 11 countries, and, according to self-reported ethnic origin, were Caucasian, of African descent (black), Asian, or Hispanic. We performed logistic regression of the relationship between the mean self-monitored BG and HbA1c, and estimated AG, according to ethnic background.

RESULTS

Baseline mean (SD) HbA1c was 9.0% (1.3) (75 [SD, 14] mmol/mol), and mean self-monitored BG was 12.1 mmol/L (3.1) (217 [SD, 55] mg/dL). In the clinically relevant HbA1c range of 7.0–9.0% (53–75 mmol/mol), non-Caucasian ethnic groups had 0.2–0.5% (2–6 mmol/mol) higher HbA1c compared with Caucasians for a given BG level. At the mean self-monitored BG levels ≤11.6 mmol/L, estimated AG overestimated the actual average BG; at levels >11.6 mmol/L, estimated AG underestimated the actual BG levels.

CONCLUSIONS

For a given degree of glycemia, HbA1c levels vary among different ethnic groups. Ethnicity needs to be taken into account when using HbA1c to assess glycemic control or to set glycemic targets. Estimated AG is not a reliable marker for mean glycemia and therefore is of limited clinical value.
Impact of Glycemic Control Strategies on the Progression of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) Cohort
Authors: Pop-Busui Rodica , Lu Jiang , Brooks Maria Mori , Albert Stewart , Althouse Andrew D. , Escobedo Jorge , Green Jenifer , Palumbo Pasquale , Perkins Bruce A. , Whitehouse Fred , Jones Teresa L.Z. ,   for the BARI 2D Study Group
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE

The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial demonstrated similar long-term clinical effectiveness of insulin-sensitizing (IS) versus insulin-providing (IP) treatments for type 2 diabetes on cardiovascular outcomes in a cohort with documented coronary artery disease. We evaluated the effects of randomized glycemic control strategy (IS vs. IP) on the prevalence and incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

DPN (defined as Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument [MNSI] clinical examination score >2) was assessed at baseline and yearly for 4 years. DPN prevalence and incidence were compared by intention-to-treat modeling by logistic generalized estimating equation models for prevalence and Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression models for incidence rates.

RESULTS

Results are reported for 2,159 BARI 2D participants (70% males) with valid baseline and at least one follow-up MNSI score (mean age 62 ± 9 years, mean HbA1c 7.7 ± 1.6%, diabetes duration 10 ± 9 years). There were no differences in the prevalence of DPN between the IS and the IP groups throughout the 4 years of follow-up. In 1,075 BARI 2D participants with no DPN at baseline, the 4-year cumulative incidence rate of DPN was significantly lower in the IS (66%) than in the IP (72%) strategy group (P = 0.02), which remained significant after adjusting for the in-trial HbA1c (P = 0.04). In subgroup analyses, IS strategy had a greater benefit in men (hazard ratio 0.75 [99% CI 0.58–0.99], P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients with type 2 diabetes followed for up to 4 years during BARI 2D, a glycemic control therapy with IS significantly reduced the incidence of DPN compared with IP therapy and may add further benefit for men.
Physical Function Limitations Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Prediabetes
Authors: Lee Pearl G. , Cigolle Christine T. , Ha Jinkyung , Min Lillian , Murphy Susan L. , Blaum Caroline S. , Herman William H.
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE

To describe the prevalence of physical function limitations among a nationally representative sample of adults with prediabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 5,991 respondents ≥53 years of age from the 2006 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. All respondents self-reported physical function limitations and comorbidities (chronic diseases and geriatric conditions). Respondents with prediabetes reported no diabetes and had a measured glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 5.7–6.4%. Descriptive analyses and logistic regressions were used to compare respondents with prediabetes versus diabetes (diabetes history or HbA1c ≥6.5%) or normoglycemia (no diabetes history and HbA1c <5.7%).

RESULTS

Twenty-eight percent of respondents ≥53 years of age had prediabetes; 32% had mobility limitations (walking several blocks and/or climbing a flight of stairs); 56% had lower-extremity limitations (getting up from a chair and/or stooping, kneeling, or crouching); and 33% had upper-extremity limitations (pushing or pulling heavy objects and/or lifting >10 lb). Respondents with diabetes had the highest prevalence of comorbidities and physical function limitations, followed by those with prediabetes, and then normoglycemia (P < 0.05). Compared with respondents with normoglycemia, respondents with prediabetes had a higher odds of having functional limitations that affected mobility (odds ratio [OR] 1.48), the lower extremities (OR 1.35), and the upper extremities (OR 1.37) (all P < 0.01). The higher odds of having lower-extremity limitations remained after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (OR 1.21, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Comorbidities and physical function limitations are prevalent among middle-aged and older adults with prediabetes. Effective lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes must accommodate physical function limitations.
Food Insecurity and Metabolic Control Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Berkowitz Seth A. , Baggett Travis P. , Wexler Deborah J. , Huskey Karen W. , Wee Christina C.
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE

We sought to determine whether food insecurity is associated with worse glycemic, cholesterol, and blood pressure control in adults with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from participants of the 1999–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All adults with diabetes (type 1 or type 2) by self-report or diabetes medication use were included. Food insecurity was measured by the Adult Food Security Survey Module. The outcomes of interest were proportion of patients with HbA1c >9.0% (75 mmol/mol), LDL cholesterol >100 mg/dL, and systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg. We used multivariable logistic regression for analysis.

RESULTS

Among the 2,557 adults with diabetes in our sample, a higher proportion of those with food insecurity (27.0 vs. 13.3%, P < 0.001) had an HbA1c >9.0% (75 mmol/mol). After adjustment for age, sex, educational attainment, household income, insurance status and type, smoking status, BMI, duration of diabetes, diabetes medication use and type, and presence of a usual source of care, food insecurity remained significantly associated with poor glycemic control (odds ratio [OR] 1.53 [95% CI 1.07–2.19]). Food insecurity was also associated with poor LDL control before (68.8 vs. 49.8, P = 0.002) and after (1.86 [1.01–3.44]) adjustment. Food insecurity was not associated with blood pressure control.

CONCLUSIONS

Food insecurity is significantly associated with poor metabolic control in adults with diabetes. Interventions that address food security as well as clinical factors may be needed to successfully manage chronic disease in vulnerable adults.
Correlation of CLinical and Radiological with Postoperative Histopathological Diagnosis of Nasal Masses
Authors: Karki Reeba , Pradhan B , Thapa N , Jha A
Published: June 2013

Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Vol. 3 Issue 1 (Jan-June 2012) Page 5-6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v3i1.8178
Analysis of Post Operative Taste Disturbance Following Mastoid Surgery
Authors: Maharjan R , Shrivastav RP
Published: June 2013

Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Vol. 3 Issue 1 (Jan-June 2012) Page 7-8 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v3i1.8179
Role of FNAC in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Mailgnancy and its Comparison with Histopathology
Authors: KC S , Karki R , Rayamajhi P , Rai K , Piya E
Published: June 2013

Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Vol. 3 Issue 1 (Jan-June 2012) Page 9-10 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v3i1.8180
Cricoid Chondrosarcoma Presenting as Breathy Dysphonia
Authors: Baranwal C , KC T , Bista M , Regmi D
Published: June 2013

Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Vol. 3 Issue 1 (Jan-June 2012) Page 13-14 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v3i1.8182
Endoscopy on Otology - In Retrospect and Prospects
Authors: Bhattarai H
Published: June 2013

Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Vol. 3 Issue 1 (Jan-June 2012) Page 21-23 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v3i1.8185
Carcinoma in a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Authors: Neupane Y , Paudel Dhundi Raj
Published: June 2013

Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Vol. 3 Issue 1 (Jan-June 2012) Page 24-26 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v3i1.8186
Variations in the Shape of the Coronoid Process in the Adult Human Mandible
Authors: Hossain SM Akram , Hossain SM Moshadeq , Banna Fakhrul Amin Mohammad Hasanul
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15275 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.75-78
Morphometric Study of the Human Pituitary Gland
Authors: Rahman Mushfika , Ara Shamim , Afroz Halima , Nahar Nurun , Sultana Anjuman Ara , Fatema Kaniz
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15276 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.79-83
Estimation of Stature of Adult Bangladeshi Male from the Length of the Foot
Authors: Parash M Tanveer Hossain , Naushaba Humaira , Paul Uttam Kumar , Rahman Md. Ashfaqur , Farhat Nazma , E-Tabriz Shams
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15277 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.84-88
Distance between the Base of Vermiform Appendix and Ileocaecal Junction: A Postmortem Study
Authors: Paul Uttam Kumar , Faruque ABM Omar , Alam Md. Jahangir , Begum Tahmina , Khan Md. Belayet Hossain , Parash M. Tanveer Hossain
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15279 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.93-95
Impact of Momordica Charantia (Karela) on the Body Weight in the Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat
Authors: Mohal Shirin , Mondal DK , Shamim KM
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15282 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.106-109
Dr. Md Altaf Hossain (1957-2009)
Authors: Author The
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v9i2.15287 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 2011 Vol.9(2) pp.123
Disequilibrium vegetation dynamics under future climate change
Authors: Svenning Jens‐Christian , Sandel Brody
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: Near‐future climate changes are likely to elicit major vegetation changes. Disequilibrium dynamics, which occur when vegetation comes out of equilibrium with climate, are potentially a key facet of these. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for making accurate predictions, informing conservation planning, and understanding likely changes in ecosystem function on time scales relevant to society. However, many predictive studies have instead focused on equilibrium end‐points with little consideration of the transient trajectories.

• Methods: We review what we should expect in terms of disequilibrium vegetation dynamics over the next 50–200 yr, covering a broad range of research fields including paleoecology, macroecology, landscape ecology, vegetation science, plant ecology, invasion biology, global change biology, and ecosystem ecology.

• Key results: The expected climate changes are likely to induce marked vegetation disequilibrium with climate at both leading and trailing edges, with leading‐edge disequilibrium dynamics due to lags in migration at continental to landscape scales, in local population build‐up and succession, in local evolutionary responses, and in ecosystem development, and trailing‐edge disequilibrium dynamics involving delayed local extinctions and slow losses of ecosystem structural components. Interactions with habitat loss and invasive pests and pathogens are likely to further contribute to disequilibrium dynamics. Predictive modeling and climate‐change experiments are increasingly representing disequilibrium dynamics, but with scope for improvement.

• Conclusions: The likely pervasiveness and complexity of vegetation disequilibrium is a major challenge for forecasting ecological dynamics and, combined with the high ecological importance of vegetation, also constitutes a major challenge for future nature conservation.
Le féminisme du positionnement. Héritages et perspectives contemporaines
Authors: Bracke Sarah , Puig de la Bellacasa María , Clair Isabelle
Published: June 2013

Le féminisme a engendré de vifs débats sur les liens intimes entre lutte politique et production du savoir, ainsi que sur le problème de dés/incarnation de la vérité et de la méthode scientifiques. Cet article aborde plus précisément la pensée du positionnement féministe et la stratégie consistant à récupérer les voix de femmes historiquement réduites au silence. Nous mettons au jour la façon dont cette stratégie a été mise en œuvre et ses liens cruciaux avec les questions de l’expérience et du pouvoir. En mobilisant la figure d’Antigone, notamment pour montrer en quoi des revendications telles que celles de femmes exigeant de pouvoir agir conformément à la loi de Dieu (comme c’est le cas par exemple au sein des débats sur le foulard) obligent à repenser le caractère situé du savoir.
Pourquoi penser la sexualité pour penser le genre en sociologie ?
Authors: Clair Isabelle
Published: June 2013

Partant d’écrits et de propos d’auteures de référence au sein des études féministes françaises, cet article s’efforce de reconstituer un débat qui n’a jamais eu tout à fait lieu en France, alors qu’il a pu se développer dans d’autres pays ( e.g. la Grande-Bretagne et les États-Unis), concernant la légitimité d’envisager la sexualité comme un objet pertinent de l’enquête sociologique et comme une problématique liée de façon spécifique aux conceptualisations féministes. Après avoir exposé les réticences raisonnées et historiquement situées, qui ont été développées en France à l’encontre de l’inclusion de la pensée de la sexualité dans la pensée du genre, on défendra l’intérêt épistémologique et politique de leur articulation.
La visibilité du genre dans des revues de sociologie du travail
Authors: Le Feuvre Nicky , Bataille Pierre , Morend Laura
Published: June 2013

Le travail a constitué un objet privilégié des premières recherches académiques sur les rapports sociaux de sexe en France et les ‘études genre’ y sont restées marquées par cet héritage. Peut-on affirmer pour autant que les dimensions sexuées du travail sont désormais intégrées au cœur de la sociologie du travail et que les spécialistes du genre y sont reconnu·e·s à part entière ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous proposons une analyse comparative de l’évolution du nombre d’articles consacrés au ‘genre du travail’ dans deux revues de sociologie du travail en France et en Grande-Bretagne. Nous montrons que la part de recherches portant sur les dimensions sexuées du travail à trouver place dans ces revues est beaucoup plus réduite en France qu’outre-Manche, et ceci tout au long de la période étudiée. La ‘cécité au genre’ qui perdure au sein de la sociologie du travail en France n’occulte pas seulement la réalité laborieuse des femmes de ce pays, elle invisibilise et marginalise également les (femmes) spécialistes du genre au sein de ce champ académique 1 .
Homonationalisme et biopolitique
Authors: Puar Jasbir K. , Cervulle Maxime
Published: June 2013

L’‘homonationalisme’ désigne l’inclusion de l’homosexualité dans le discours national produit notamment par les États-Unis dans leur « guerre contre le terrorisme », proclamant la supériorité sur les autres d’une civilisation qui aurait aboli toute oppression sexuelle — alors même que les homosexuel∙le∙s de ce pays continuent de souffrir de discriminations et d’une oppression directement liée à leur sexualité. Opposant les identités gay et musulmane, du même coup, ce discours fait de l’homosexualité une réalité blanche. L’article montre que ce type d’opposition et de création d’un sentiment d’exceptionnalité sexuelle (national et blanc) n’est pas l’apanage des seuls militaires et stratèges états-uniens, mais concerne aussi de nombreux milieux progressistes, associatifs et académiques, y compris féministes et queer .
Porter le genre dans la culture : femmes et interlégalité en Équateur
Authors: Picq Manuela Lavinas , Sofio Séverine
Published: June 2013

Si la reconnaissance légale de la justice indigène reste une composante majeure de la démocratisation en Amérique latine, il se trouve que la loi coutumière n’est pas forcément favorable aux femmes. En Équateur, en 2008, les Amérindiennes ont saisi l’opportunité offerte par la tenue d’une Assemblée constitutionnelle, pour revendiquer l’intégration de l’équité de genre dans la loi coutumière. Ainsi, le soutien apporté par ces femmes à la justice indigène non seulement propose une configuration démocratique nouvelle, plus diverse, mais il constitue également un véritable défi pour les conventions existantes en termes de pratiques citoyennes. Pour saisir en quoi les femmes peuvent avoir intérêt à ce pluralisme légal, et quel impact ce dernier a sur l’État, cet article revient sur le paradoxe de la difficile alliance entre féministes et Amérindiennes ainsi que sur la question de l’accessibilité des systèmes de justice coutumière.
L'expérience maçonnique
Authors: Auque Jean-Charles
Published: June 2013

Loin des « unes » à sensation et des fantasmes journalistiques, cet article témoigne de ce que signifie être franc-maçon pour ceux qui ne cherchent pas, à travers cette affiliation, à accélérer leur carrière ou à se créer un réseau. S’agit-il d’une expérience spirituelle ? De l’expression d’un besoin de rites et de rencontres ? Pourquoi y rester fidèle ?
L'économie bleue au cœur de la mondialisation
Authors: Desclèves Emmanuel
Published: June 2013

Aujourd’hui, 95 % des communications mondiales passent par des réseaux sous-marins, près de 90 % du commerce entre États se fait par voie maritime. La mer est, de manière inhérente, liée à la mondialisation, et de nombreuses questions centrales à notre avenir économique, mais aussi scientifique, sanitaire, etc., se jouent dans le domaine maritime.
Le flux tendu du fret maritime
Authors: Mongin Olivier
Published: June 2013

« Flux tendu, stock zéro » est la devise du transport par mer. La révolution des conteneurs et la construction de ports gigantesques facilitent des connexions rapides et déterritorialisées. Mais cette fluidité croissante, qui crée de nouvelles routes et de nouveaux nœuds commerciaux, se fait en rupture par rapport à la culture portuaire historique.
Marseille, maritime et cosmopolite
Authors: Viard Jean , Béja Alice , Mongin Olivier
Published: June 2013

La ville de Marseille semble souvent « à part » dans le paysage hexagonal. Comme si sa dimension presque intrinsèquement maritime et cosmopolite la mettait en porte à faux par rapport à un pays plus terrien. Mais qu’en est-il de l’évolution de son rapport à la mer ? Assiste-t-on aujourd’hui à une nouvelle « littoralisation » de Marseille, qui pourrait contribuer, par le développement d’activités comme la culture, le loisir et les nouvelles technologies, à libérer son potentiel ?
Obama, le président du pivot
Authors: Douzet Frédérick , Vaïsse Justin
Published: June 2013

Justin Vaïsse dresse un bilan de la politique étrangère du premier mandat du président Obama. Loin des rigidités idéologiques, difficile à classer dans les courants habituels de la politique étrangère, Obama se révèle avant tout un président pragmatique. Sa représentation d’une Amérique en déclin face aux puissances émergentes le pousse à vouloir reformuler le leadership américain. Le concept de pivot est au cœur de la vision d’Obama, qui souhaite un rééquilibrage des ressources et de l’action politique et militaire des États-Unis vers l’Asie – en priorité la Chine – et les puissances émergentes en général, nouveau centre de gravité du monde. Cette politique sous-entend un certain désengagement du Moyen-Orient, qui reste complexe à mettre en œuvre.
Les États-Unis dans le golfe Persique : la Realpolitik d'Obama en action ?
Authors: Samaan Jean-Loup
Published: June 2013

Les quatre années du premier mandat de Barack Obama ont été rythmées par de multiples dossiers diplomatiques qui, à chaque fois, directement ou indirectement, ont mis à l’épreuve la confiance dans le partenariat entre Washington et les monarchies du Golfe. Le « lâchage » par Barack Obama du président égyptien Hosni Moubarak au printemps 2011, le retrait américain d’Irak en décembre 2011 et, surtout, la poursuite non entravée du programme nucléaire iranien sont autant de situations préoccupantes pour les membres du Conseil de coopération du Golfe qui y voient des risques, voire des menaces existentielles, pour la stabilité de leurs systèmes politiques. Cette dégradation des relations publiques entre Washington et les capitales du Golfe ne doit pas pour autant être surinterprétée, les termes du partenariat américain avec les régimes de la péninsule Arabique se révélant plus complexes. Fondée moins sur des valeurs mutuelles que sur des intérêts économiques et stratégiques partagés, cette relation est depuis plusieurs décennies, et en particulier depuis la guerre du Golfe de 1991, l’une des plus importantes pour Washington. Un examen des tenants et aboutissants de cette relation, notamment dans le domaine de la coopération militaire, permet d’aller au-delà de l’idée d’une rupture et de constater qu’au contraire, en dépit de la retenue de Barack Obama au niveau public, celui-ci a continué – et devrait continuer au cours de son second mandat – d’entretenir une relation étroite avec les monarchies du Golfe.
La dissuasion nucléaire sous la présidence Obama : bilan d'étape et perspectives
Authors: de Rougé Guillaume
Published: June 2013

En renouant avec l’horizon d’un monde sans armes nucléaires, la première administration Obama a indirectement recherché une implication accrue des autres grandes puissances nucléaires, la Russie et la Chine, dans la lutte contre la prolifération, en priorité dans les crises iranienne et nord-coréenne. Mais l’administration Obama 2 rencontre des difficultés croissantes pour concilier la logique du Global Zero avec le maintien d’une tradition américaine de supériorité, ou primacy , dans le domaine nucléaire. D’un côté, les États-Unis cherchent à instaurer une forme de stabilité stratégique avec la Russie et la Chine, dans le cadre d’une reconnaissance de vulnérabilités mutuelles. Mais, d’un autre côté, Washington estime que les conditions de la stabilité stratégique ne peuvent plus être circonscrites au domaine nucléaire. Deux facteurs semblent témoigner des limites de cette notion, et jouent un rôle croissant dans le débat américain relatif à la dissuasion. Ces deux facteurs sont d’une part les évolutions en Asie, en particulier les perspectives de la relation sino-américaine, et d’autre part les incertitudes relatives à la militarisation du cyberespace.