bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of Covalent Organic Framework Nanofiber Membranes for Efficient Adsorption of Antibiotics
Authors: Zhao Xiaojia , Li Qun , Pachfule Pradip , Wang Zhiya , Liu Shiyin , Wu Weijian , Wu Mingxing , Thomas Arne
Published: March 2023

Techniques beyond crystal engineering are critical for manufacturing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and to explore them for advanced applications. However, COFs are normally obtained as insoluble, unmeltable, and thus nonprocessible microcrystalline powders. Therefore, it is a significant challenge to implement COFs into larger architectures and structural control on different length scales. Herein, a facile strategy is presented to prepare flexible COF nanofiber membranes by in‐situ growth of COFs on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber substrates via a reversible polycondensation‐termination approach. The obtained PAN@COF nanofiber membranes with vertically aligned COF nanoplates combine a large functional surface with efficient mass transport, thus making it a promising adsorbent, for example, for water purification. The antibiotic pollutant ofloxacin (OFX) is removed from water with a superior absorption capacity of ≈236 mg g−1 and removal efficiency as high as 98%. The here presented in‐situ growth of COFs on nanofiber membranes can be extended to various Schiff base‐derived COF materials with different compositions, providing a highly efficient way to construct flexible COF‐based membranes for several applications.
Application of Carbon Fiber‐Reinforced Ceramic Composites in Active Thermal Protection of Advanced Propulsion Systems: A Review
Authors: Jing Tingting , Xin Yuepeng , Zhang Liang , Sun Xing , He Chunwang , Wang Jiachen , Qin Fei
Published: March 2023

Thermal protection is one of the crucial issues for the advanced propulsion systems of Reusable Launch Vehicles. New service requirements for materials, such as high strength, low density, low thermal expansion, high thermal stability, etc., are raised for the thermal structure with the increasing demand of flight Mach numbers and thrust‐to‐weight ratio. Carbon fiber‐reinforced ceramic composites, which generally meet the aforementioned requirements, show great potential for various applications and they have been widely applied in the thermal protection for hypersonic vehicles. This paper gives a comprehensive and systematic review of current research status for carbon fiber‐reinforced ceramic composites applied in the thermal structure of advanced propulsion systems. Three aspects are presented and discussed: the ceramic composites fabrication and the property characterization, the thermal performance of composite thermal structure used in practical engines, and the numerical methods for predicting mechanical and thermal properties of composites as well as the physicochemical phenomenon in the cooling channels. Firstly, the main manufacturing processes for the carbon‐reinforced ceramic composites are presented and the corresponding advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The high‐temperature oxidation and ablation behaviors of composites are demonstrated and the improvement of oxidation and ablation resistance by introducing the ultra‐high‐temperature ceramics into C/C composites is discussed in detail. Then, several typical applications of carbon fiber‐reinforced ceramic composites (mainly C/SiC), including the work of RCI, JAXA and NASA, have been reviewed and analyzed. After that, the current research status of macroscale equivalent and multiscale numerical methods for predicting the mechanical and thermal properties of composites as well as the complex physicochemical phenomenon occurring in hydrocarbon fuels are sorted out. Finally, several potential prospects are pointed out for the future research on the thermal protection of advanced propulsion systems based on the carbon fiber‐reinforced ceramic composites.
Fluoroalkyl Sulfoximines for Versatile Photocatalytic Radical Fluoroalkylations
Authors: Koike Takashi
Published: March 2023

Fluoroalkyl sulfoximines, which serve as electron‐accepting fluoroalkyl radical sources, are easy‐to‐handle, solid, and bench‐stable chemicals. Fluoroalkyl radicals can be generated from sulfoximine reagents using strong one‐electron injectors, such as a highly reducing photoredox catalyst in the excited state. Our group has developed photocatalytic radical di‐ and mono‐fluoromethylation and α‐monofluoroalkylation of olefins with the corresponding fluoroalkyl sulfoximines. In this personal account, appropriate combinations of fluoroalkyl sulfoximines and photoredox catalysts, leading to successful radical fluoroalkylation, have been discussed.
Alkynyl Acylazolium: A Versatile 1,3‐Bielectrophilic 3C‐Synthon in NHC‐Organocatalysis
Authors: Gao Jian , Zhang Simiao , Du Ding
Published: March 2023

N‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of modern organic synthesis especially in the asymmetric construction of various cyclic skeletons. As an emerging NHC‐bound 1,3‐bielectrophilic intermediate, alkynyl acylazolium has drawn substantial attention in recent years, and has been used as a versatile 3C‐synthon in synthesizing valuable organic molecules since its discovery. In this review, focused on the different pathways for the formation of alkynyl acylazoliums from different precursors like alkynoic esters, alkynoic acids and ynals, the recent advances in the transformations and applications of alkynyl acylazoliums pioneered or developed over the last decade under NHC‐catalysis were summarized comprehensively. At the same time, the outlook for further investigation and exploration of novel reaction modes for alkynyl acylazoliums in the future was also discussed.
Comparison of two strategies for the management of postoperative recurrence in Crohn’s disease patients with one clinical risk factor: A multicentre IG‐IBD study
Authors: Dragoni Gabriele , Castiglione Fabiana , Bezzio Cristina , Pugliese Daniela , Spagnuolo Rocco , Viola Anna , Cocomazzi Francesco , Aratari Annalisa , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo , Balestrieri Paola , Onali Sara , Viganò Chiara , Ribaldone Davide Giuseppe , Innocenti Tommaso , Testa Anna , Saibeni Simone , Privitera Giuseppe , Milla Monica , Armuzzi Alessandro , Fantini Massimo Claudio , Fiorino Gionata
Published: March 2023

Background

The management of postoperative recurrence (POR) in Crohn's disease (CD) after ileo‐colonic resection is a highly debated topic. Prophylactic immunosuppression after surgery is currently recommended in the presence of at least one clinical risk factor.

Objective

Our aim was to determine whether early immunosuppression can be avoided and guided by endoscopy in CD patients with only one risk factor.

Methods

CD patients with only one risk factor for POR, including previous intestinal resection, extensive small intestine resection (>50 cm), fistulising phenotype, history of perianal disease, and active smoking, were retrospectively included. Two groups were formed based on whether immunosuppression was started immediately after surgery (“prophylaxis group”) or guided by endoscopy (“endoscopy‐driven group”). Primary endpoints were rates of any endoscopic recurrence (Rutgeerts ≥ i2a) and severe endoscopic recurrence (i4) within 12 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes were clinical recurrence rates at 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery.

Results

A total of 195 patients were enroled, of whom 61 (31.3%) received immunoprophylaxis. No differences between immunoprophylaxis and the endoscopy‐driven approach were found regarding any endoscopic recurrence (36.1% vs. 45.5%, respectively, p = 0.10) and severe endoscopic recurrence (9.8% vs. 15.7%, respectively, p = 0.15) at the first endoscopic evaluation. Clinical recurrence rates were also not statistically different (p = 0.43, p = 0.09, and p = 0.63 at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively).

Conclusions

In operated CD patients with only one risk factor for POR, immediate immunoprophylaxis does not decrease the rate of early clinical and endoscopic recurrence. Prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.
Optical biosensing systems for a biological living body
Authors: Yan Tao , Guo Changfa , Wang Chunsheng , Zhu Kai
Published: March 2023

With the development of technology, biosensors are increasingly used in the biomedical field. Due to the high sensitivity of optical signals, good stability, high signal‐to‐noise ratio, and different spectral characteristics of different analytes, optical biosensors can achieve direct and real‐time detection of analytes with high specificity compared with traditional analytical techniques. In view of the rapid development of optical biosensors for in vivo applications and their promising future, we have attempted to summarize the working principles and recent advances in application in humans, with the aim of helping readers to gain an in‐depth and detailed understanding of optical biosensors developed in recent years for applications in the biological living body. In this review, we focus on some of the current widely used and promising optical biosensors, including colorimetric biosensors, fluorescence biosensors, and surface‐enhanced‐Raman‐scattering‐based biosensors. The working principles for each type of optical biosensor are concisely described and the application of the biosensor in the living body is summarized by category. We conclude by looking at the prospects of in vivo applications of optical biosensors.
Dark matter production through a non-thermal flavon portal
Authors: Cheek Andrew , Osiński Jacek K. , Roszkowski Leszek , Trojanowski Sebastian
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) mechanism provides an attractive way of generating the determined fermion mass hierarchy and quark mixing matrix elements in the Standard Model (SM). Here we extend it by coupling the FN field, the flavon, to a dark sector containing one or more dark matter particles which are produced non-thermally sequentially through flavon production. Non-thermal flavon production occurs efficiently via freeze-in and through field oscillations. We explore this in the regime of high-scale breaking Λ of the global U(1)FN group and at the reheating temperature TR ≪ Λ where the flavon remains out of equilibrium at all times. We identify phenomenologically acceptable regions of TR and the flavon mass where the relic abundance of dark matter and other cosmological constraints are satisfied. In the case of one-component dark matter we find an effective upper limit on the FN charges at high Λ, i.e. $$ {Q}_{\textrm{FN}}^{\textrm{DM}}\le 13 $$

Q
FN
DM

≤
13
. In the multi-component dark sector scenario the dark matter can be the heaviest dark particle that can be effectively stable at cosmological timescales, alternatively it can be produced sequentially by decays of the heavier ones. For scenarios where dark decays occur at intermediate timescales, i.e. t ~ 0.1 − 1028 s, we find that existing searches can effectively probe interesting regions of parameter space. These searches include indirect probes on decays such as γ-ray and neutrino telescopes as well as analyses of the Cosmic Microwave Background, as well as constraints on small scale structure formation from the Lyman-α forest. We comment on the future prospects of such probes, place projected sensitivities, and discuss how this scenario could accommodate the cosmological S8 tension.
Landslide Induced Tsunami Hazard at Volcanoes: the Case of Santorini
Authors: Necmioglu Ocal , Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Vougioukalakis Georgios E. , Selva Jacopo
Published: March 2023

The destructive tsunami on 22 December 2018 due to the flank collapse of the Anak Krakatau volcano was a bitter reminder of large tsunami risks and of the shortcomings of the existing tsunami warning systems for atypical sources (tsunamis generated by non-seismic and complex sources). In the Mediterranean, several tsunamis were generated by landslides associated with volcanic systems in the past.The volcanic unrest experienced in 2011–2012 on the Santorini volcanic island in the Southern Aegean Sea pointed out the need to identify and quantify tsunami hazard and risk due to possible flank instability which may be triggered as a result of volcanic unrest or nearby seismotectonic activities. Inspired from this need, in this study we examined three possible landslide scenarios in Santorini Island with tsunamigenic potential. The results show that the scenarios considered in our study are able to generate significant local tsunamis impacting Santorini and the nearby islands, as well as producing significant impact along the coasts of the Southern Aegean Sea. While maximum tsunami amplitudes/arrival time ranges are 1.2 m/30-90 min for locations in the Greek-Turkish coasts in the far field, they are in the order of ≈60 m/1-2 min for some locations at the Santorini Island. The extreme tsunami amplitudes and short arrival times for locations inside the Santorini Island is a major challenge in terms of tsunami hazard warning and mitigation. As an effort to address this challenge, a discussion on the requirements for local tsunami warning system addressing atypical sources in the context of multi-hazard disaster risk reduction is also provided.
Unexpected longevity, intergenerational policies, and fertility
Authors: Hwang Jisoo , Kim Seok Ki
Published: March 2023

This paper studies the dynamic effects of longevity on intergenerational policies and fertility, distinguishing between effects of expected and unexpected longevity gains. Old agents become poorer from unexpected longevity gains than from expected gains, as they cannot prepare (save) for the former in advance. In an overlapping-generations model with means-tested pay-as-you-go social security, we show that young agents reduce their fertility when longevity increases because they need to save more for their old age (“life-cycle effect”), and in the unexpected case, they also need to pay taxes to support the impoverished elderly (“policy effect”). Using cross-country panel data on mortality rates and social expenditure, we find that an unexpected increase in life expectancy at age 65 lowers total fertility rate growth and government family-related spending growth while raising government old-age spending growth.
Identification of antigenic epitopes recognized by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in high grade serous ovarian cancer by multi-omics profiling of the auto-antigen repertoire
Authors: Millar Douglas G. , Yang S. Y. Cindy , Sayad Azin , Zhao Qingchuan , Nguyen Linh T. , Warner Kathrin , Sangster Ami G. , Nakatsugawa Munehide , Murata Kenji , Wang Ben X. , Shaw Patricia , Clarke Blaise , Bernardini Marcus Q. , Pugh Trevor , Thibault Pierre , Hirano Naoto , Perreault Claude , Ohashi Pamela S.
Published: March 2023

Immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing tumor cell killing by tumor-specific T cells hold great potential for reducing tumor burden and prolonging survival of cancer patients. Although many potential tumor antigens have been described, identifying relevant targets when designing anti-cancer vaccines or targeted cell therapies remains a challenge. To identify novel, potentially immunogenic candidate tumor antigens, we performed integrated tumor transcriptomic, seromic, and proteomic analyses of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) patient tumor samples. We identified tumor neo-antigens and over-expressed antigens using whole exome and RNA sequencing and examined these in relation to patient-matched auto-antibody repertoires. Focusing on MHC class I epitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells, HLA-binding epitopes were identified or predicted from the highly expressed, mutated, or auto-antibody target antigen, or MHC-associated peptides (MAPs). Recognition of candidate antigenic peptides was assessed within the tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte (TIL) population expanded from each patient. Known tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and cancer/testis antigens (CTA) were commonly found in the auto-antibody and MAP repertoires and CD8+ TILs recognizing epitopes from these antigens were detected, although neither expression level nor the presence of auto-antibodies correlated with TIL recognition. Auto-antibodies against tumor-mutated antigens were found in most patients, however, no TIL recognition of the highest predicted affinity neo-epitopes was detected. Using high expression level, auto-antibody recognition, and epitope prediction algorithms, we identified epitopes in 5 novel antigens (MOB1A, SOCS3, TUBB, PRKAR1A, CCDC6) recognized by HGSC patient TILs. Furthermore, selection of epitopes from the MAP repertoire identified 5 additional targets commonly recognized by multiple patient TILs. We find that the repertoire of TIL specificities includes recognition of highly expressed and immunogenic self-antigens that are processed and presented by tumors. These results indicate an ongoing autoimmune response against a range of self-antigens targeted by HGSC TILs.
Classification of thoracic spine fractures: the four-column theory
Authors: Aldakheel Dakheel A.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to present a classification of thoracic spine fractures based on anatomical and biomechanical characteristics.

Methods

This is a narrative review of the literature.

Results

The classification is based on the relationship between movement and common forces acting on the spine. A mechanistic concept is incorporated into the classification, which considers both movements and the application of forces, leading to pathomorphological characteristics. A hierarchical ranking determines the severity of fractures within the thoracic spine, and treatment recommendations are presented in each category. The fourth column of the spine is incorporated into the classification through direct and indirect mechanisms.

Conclusions

The proposed classification accommodates several advantages, such as simplicity and practicality, that make this classification helpful in daily practice. The dynamic relationship between movement and force provides a better understanding of the fracture mechanism. Finally, incorporating the fourth column will strengthen the indication for surgical management. To the best of our knowledge, this classification is the first classification developed uniquely for the thoracic spine fractures and will help to address a critical gap in the literature.
On the importance of the SrTiO3 template and the electronic contact layer for the integration of phase-pure low hysteretic Pb(Mg0.33Nb0.67)O3-PbTiO3 layers with Si
Authors: Ni Shu , Houwman Evert , Koster Gertjan , Rijnders Guus
Published: March 2023

The rapid advent of the piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (PiezoMEMS) field has created a tremendous demand for low hysteretic piezoelectric thin films on Si. In this work, we present the integration of epitaxial Pb(Mg0.33Nb0.67)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) thin films with Si to enable device fabrication using state of the art methods. With optimized buffer layers and electronic contacts, high-quality low hysteretic PMN-PT thin films are integrated with Si, which is a significant stride towards employing PMN-PT thin film for PiezoMEMS devices. It is found that the processing of the necessary SrTiO3 buffer layer is crucial to achieve the growth of phase-pure perovskite PMN-PT layers on Si. Furthermore, we propose the engineering of the electronic contact for the PMN-PT-on-Si capacitors to obtain low hysteretic polarization and displacement responses.
Clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease and an analysis of the related influencing factors
Authors: Li Xi-hui , Zhang Si-yu , Xiao Feng
Published: March 2023

Perioperative and short/mid-term survival rates of dialysis-dependent patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and the factors influencing mortality are not well evaluated In China. We retrospectively analyzed the perioperative and postoperative 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 53 dialysis-dependent ESRD patients who underwent CABG, and compared the factors related to perioperative mortality and all-cause mortality during the postoperative follow-up. Survival rates were expressed as Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and factors influencing the follow-up survival rates were analyzed using the log rank (Mantel–Cox) test. There were eight perioperative deaths, resulting in 15.1% mortality. Intraoperative intra-aortic balloon pump use (P = 0.01), advanced age (P = 0.0027), and high EuroSCORE II score (P = 0.047) were associated with increased perioperative mortality. Forty-five discharged patients were followed from 2 months to 10 years (median, 4.2 years) postoperatively. There were 19 all-cause deaths, including 10 cardiac deaths (10/19, 52.6%). Comparisons between groups indicated that the presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) increased mortality during follow-up (P = 0.025); 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 93.3, 79.5, and 66.8%, respectively. The results of the long-rank analysis indicated that the presence of PAD was a risk factor for postoperative survival (log rank χ2 = 4.543; P = 0.033). Dialysis-dependent patients with ESRD had high perioperative mortality and unsatisfactory short- and medium-term survival after CABG. PAD was a risk factor affecting patients’ postoperative survival. Multidisciplinary teamwork is needed to enhance postoperative management and reduce complications, to improve postoperative survival in these patients.
Deep learning-based high-accuracy detection for lumbar and cervical degenerative disease on T2-weighted MR images
Authors: Yi Wei , Zhao Jingwei , Tang Wen , Yin Hongkun , Yu Lifeng , Wang Yaohui , Tian Wei
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To develop and validate a deep learning (DL) model for detecting lumbar degenerative disease in both sagittal and axial views of T2-weighted MRI and evaluate its generalized performance in detecting cervical degenerative disease.

Methods

T2-weighted MRI scans of 804 patients with symptoms of lumbar degenerative disease were retrospectively collected from three hospitals. The training dataset (n = 456) and internal validation dataset (n = 134) were randomly selected from the center I. Two external validation datasets comprising 100 and 114 patients were from center II and center III, respectively. A DL model based on 3D ResNet18 and transformer architecture was proposed to detect lumbar degenerative disease. In addition, a cervical MR image dataset comprising 200 patients from an independent hospital was used to evaluate the generalized performance of the DL model. The diagnostic performance was assessed by the free-response receiver operating characteristic (fROC) curve and precision–recall (PR) curve. Precision, recall, and F1-score were used to measure the DL model.

Results

A total of 2497 three-dimension retrogression annotations were labeled for training (n = 1157) and multicenter validation (n = 1340). The DL model showed excellent detection efficiency in the internal validation dataset, with F1-score achieving 0.971 and 0.903 on the sagittal and axial MR images, respectively. Good performance was also observed in the external validation dataset I (F1-score, 0.768 on sagittal MR images and 0.837 on axial MR images) and external validation dataset II (F1-score, 0.787 on sagittal MR images and 0.770 on axial MR images). Furthermore, the robustness of the DL model was demonstrated via transfer learning and generalized performance evaluation on the external cervical dataset, with the F1-score yielding 0.931 and 0.919 on the sagittal and axial MR images, respectively.

Conclusion

The proposed DL model can automatically detect lumbar and cervical degenerative disease on T2-weighted MR images with good performance, robustness, and feasibility in clinical practice.
Entropy martingale optimal transport and nonlinear pricing–hedging duality
Authors: Doldi Alessandro , Frittelli Marco
Published: March 2023

The objective of this paper is to develop a duality between a novel entropy martingale optimal transport (EMOT) problem and an associated optimisation problem. In EMOT, we follow the approach taken in the entropy optimal transport (EOT) problem developed in Liero et al. (Invent. Math. 211:969–1117, 2018), but we add the constraint, typical of martingale optimal transport (MOT) theory, that the infimum of the cost functional is taken over martingale probability measures. In the associated problem, the objective functional, related via Fenchel conjugacy to the entropic term in EMOT, is no longer linear as in (martingale) optimal transport. This leads to a novel optimisation problem which also has a clear financial interpretation as a nonlinear subhedging problem. Our theory allows us to establish a nonlinear robust pricing–hedging duality which also covers a wide range of known robust results. We also focus on Wasserstein-induced penalisations and study how the duality is affected by variations in the penalty terms, with a special focus on the convergence of EMOT to the extreme case of MOT.
BPF: a novel cluster boundary points detection method for static and streaming data
Authors: Khalique Vijdan , Kitagawa Hiroyuki , Amagasa Toshiyuki
Published: March 2023

Data points situated near a cluster boundary are called boundary points and they can represent useful information about the process generating this data. The existing methods of boundary points detection cannot differentiate boundary points from outliers as they are affected by the presence of outliers as well as by the size and density of clusters in the dataset. Also, they require tuning of one or more parameters and prior knowledge of the number of outliers in the dataset for tuning. In this research, a boundary points detection method called BPF is proposed which can effectively differentiate boundary points from outliers and core points. BPF combines the well-known outlier detection method Local Outlier Factor (LOF) with Gravity value to calculate the BPF score. Our proposed algorithm StaticBPF can detect the top-m boundary points in the given dataset. Importantly, StaticBPF requires tuning of only one parameter i.e. the number of nearest neighbors $$(k)$$

(
k
)

and can employ the same $$k$$
k
used by LOF for outlier detection. This paper also extends BPF for streaming data and proposes StreamBPF. StreamBPF employs a grid structure for improving k-nearest neighbor computation and an incremental method of calculating BPF scores of a subset of data points in a sliding window over data streams. In evaluation, the accuracy of StaticBPF and the runtime efficiency of StreamBPF are evaluated on synthetic and real data where they generally performed better than their competitors.
Counterexamples to a divergence lower bound for the covariant derivative of skew-symmetric 2-tensor fields
Authors: Borghini Stefano , Mazzieri Lorenzo
Published: March 2023

In Hwang and Yun (Ann Glob Anal Geom 62(3):507–532, 2022), an estimate for skew-symmetric 2-tensors was claimed. Soon after, this estimate has been exploited to claim powerful classification results: Most notably, it has been employed to propose a proof of a Black Hole Uniqueness Theorem for vacuum static spacetimes with positive scalar curvature (Xu and Ye in Invent Math 33(2):64, 2022) and in connection with the Besse conjecture (Yun and Hwang in Critical point equation on three-dimensional manifolds and the Besse conjecture). In the present note, we point out an issue in the argument proposed in Hwang and Yun (Ann Glob Anal Geom 62(3):507–532, 2022) and we provide a counterexample to the estimate.
Jaina Narrative Refutations of Kumārila: Relative Chronology and the History of Jaina-Mīmām.sps h1.1sā Dialogues
Authors: Chauhan Seema K.
Published: March 2023

Assigning a date to Kumārila is notoriously difficult. Kumārila’s dates are usually assigned through a relative chronology of Brahmanical and Buddhist philosophers with whom Kumārila engages or is engaged. This is a precarious method because the dates of these interlocutors are equally unstable. But what if in considering systematic dialogues (śāstra) to be the primary medium for interreligious philosophical debate we have missed a source that does engage with Kumārila, and that can be reliably dated? In this article, I turn to a religious group whom, it has been previously thought, did not respond to Kumārila until the eighth century—Jainas—as well as to a genre that is not typically viewed as a site of systematic philosophical dialogue—narrative. I argue that the Padmacarita, a Jaina Rāmāyaṇa composed by a Digambara writer called Raviṣeṇa, contains a narrative refutation of Kumārila’s commentary to Mīmāṃsāsūtra 1.1.2. By bringing to light this refutation, and explaining how Raviṣeṇa’s Padmacarita can be reliably dated, I assign Kumārila’s terminus ante quem to the date of the Padmacarita’s composition, 676 CE. Finally, I suggest that Raviṣeṇa’s Padmacarita is the earliest extant Jaina text to discuss Kumārila’s claims, and that Jainas used narrative to reflect on Mīmāṃsā before they turned to śāstra as another medium for this dialogue.
Reading the sediment archive of the Eastern Campeche Bank (southern Gulf of Mexico): from the aftermath of the Chicxulub impact to Loop Current variability
Authors: Hübscher Christian , Häcker Tobias , Betzler Christian , Kalvelage Claudia , Weiß Benedikt
Published: March 2023

This is the first high-resolution seismic study showing how the Chicxulub impact shaped the eastern slope of the Campeche Bank in the south-eastern Gulf of Mexico. The induced shock wave fractured Cretaceous strata causing the collapse of the upper slope and shelf over a length of ca. 200 km. Failed material was either transported downslope or remained in parts on the accommodation space created by the collapsed. In the Cenozoic, the East Campeche Plastered Drift developed within the created accommodation space, controlled by the inflowing surface current from the Caribbean, which forms the Loop Current. The internal reflection configuration of the drift shows that the closure of the Suwannee Strait in the Late Oligocene and the closure of the CAS in the Mid to Late Miocene controlled the variability of the southern Loop Current in time. Since the Loop Current transports heat and moisture from the western Atlantic warm water pool into the North Atlantic and further to NW Europe by the Gulf Stream, the drift represents an archive for controlling factors that influenced climate of the northern hemisphere. This first high-resolution seismic reflection study from the eastern Campeche Bank expands the understanding of destructive processes that a meteorite impact induces into the earth system. Furthermore, these data document that the East Campeche Plastered Drift bears the potential to understand the link between the climate variability of the northern hemisphere and oceanic processes in the equatorial western Atlantic.
Subcritical behaviour of short cylindrical journal bearings under periodic excitation
Authors: Rendl Jan , Byrtus Miroslav , Dyk Štěpán , Smolík Luboš
Published: March 2023

Rotating machinery supported on journal bearings is affected by forces due to rotating unbalance and pressure gradients in the oil film. The interaction of these forces can evoke nonlinear behaviour, including asynchronous motion and even chaos. This work attempts to characterise the sub-synchronous motion of the rigid rotor supported on cylindrical journal bearings due to the abovementioned interaction. The analysis focuses on the rotor behaviour at the rotor speeds lower than the threshold speed for oil whirl, associated with sub-synchronous vibration of magnitude equaling the bearing clearance. It is shown that the sub-synchronous vibration can occur well before reaching the threshold speed and that the underlying period-doubling bifurcation depends on the amount of the rotating unbalance. The rotor response and stability are analysed using a numerical continuation method employing the infinitely short journal bearing model. Continuation results are further validated by time simulations which utilise the finite difference method to compute the hydrodynamic forces. The validation process employs bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré sections and numerical estimates of the largest Lyapunov exponents.
Gender gaps in Australian research publishing, citation and co-authorship
Authors: Jamali Hamid R. , Abbasi Alireza
Published: March 2023

Despite improvement in gender inequality in Australian science, the problem has not been fully addressed yet. To better understand the nature of gender inequality in Australian science, all gendered Australian first authored articles published between 2010 and 2020 and indexed in the Dimensions database were analysed. Field of Research (FoR) was used as the subject classification of articles and Field Citation Ratio (FCR) was used for citation comparison. Overall, the ratio of female to male first authored articles increased over the years, and this was true for all FoRs except for information and computing sciences. The ratio of single-authored articles by females was also improved over the study period. Females appeared to have a citation advantage, using Field Citation Ratio, over males in a few FoRs including mathematical sciences, chemical sciences, technology, built environment and design, studies in human society, law and legal studies, and studies in creative arts and writing. The average FCR for female first authored articles was greater than the average FCR for male first authored articles, including in a few fields such mathematical sciences where male authors outperformed females in terms of the number of articles.
Improvements to the Empirical Solar Wind Forecast (ESWF) model
Authors: Milošić D. , Temmer M. , Heinemann S. G. , Podladchikova T. , Veronig A. , Vršnak B.
Published: March 2023

The empirical solar wind forecast (ESWF) model in its current version 2.0 runs as a space-safety service in the frame of ESA’s Heliospheric Weather Expert Service Centre. The ESWF model forecasts the solar-wind speed at Earth with a lead time of 4 days. The algorithm uses an empirical relation found between the area of solar coronal-holes (CHs), as observed in EUV within a $15^{\circ}$

15
∘

 meridional slice, and the in-situ measured solar-wind speed at 1 AU. This relation however, forecasts Gaussian type speed profiles, as the CH rotates in and out of the meridional slice, causing some discrepancy in the timing between forecasted and observed solar-wind speed. With adaptations to the ESWF 2.0 algorithm we improve the precision and accuracy of the ESWF speed profiles. For that we implement compression and rarefaction effects occurring between solar-wind streams of different velocities in interplanetary space. By considering the propagation times for plasma parcels between the Sun and Earth and their interactions, we achieve the asymmetrical shape of the speed profile that is characteristic of high-speed streams (HSS). By further implementing CH segmentation, co-latitude information and dynamic thresholding, we find that the newly developed ESWF 3.2 performs significantly better than ESWF 2.0. For a sample of 294 different HSSs, we derive a relative increase in hits of the timing and peak velocity by $13.9\%$
13.9
%
. The Pearson correlation coefficient increases by $14.3\%$
14.3
%
from 0.35 to 0.40.
Water Splitting on a Pt1/C3N4 Single Atom Catalyst: A Modeling Approach
Authors: Saetta Clara , Di Liberto Giovanni , Pacchioni Gianfranco
Published: March 2023

In this work we present a computational study of the nature of a Single Atom Catalyst (SAC) consisting of a Pt1 atom anchored on a C3N4 support, and of its reactivity in the water splitting semi-reactions, the Hydrogen Evolution (HER) and Oxygen Evolution (OER) Reactions. The work is motivated by the intense research in designing catalytic materials for water splitting characterized by a low amount of noble metal species, maximization of active phase, and stability of the catalyst. C3N4-based SACs are promising candidates. The results indicate that the chemistry of a single atom is complex, as it can be anchored to the support in different ways resulting in a different stability. The reactivity of the most stable structure in HER and OER has been considered, finding that Pt1@C3N4 is more reactive than metallic platinum. Furthermore, unconventional but stable intermediates can form that differ from the intermediates usually found on extended catalytic surfaces. The work highlights the importance of considering the complex chemistry of SACs in view of the analogies existing with coordination chemistry compounds.
Ultrasonographic and histopathologic features associated with common ocular diseases in donkeys (Equus asinus)
Authors: Wafy Mona N. , Hassan Elham A. , Ahmed Kawkab A. , Aboelmaaty Amal M. , Abu-Seida Ashraf M.
Published: March 2023

There is a lack of reports describing ultrasonographic and histopathologic features of ocular diseases in donkeys. The present study aimed to document ultrasonographic and histopathologic changes associated with common ocular diseases in donkeys. The study included 45 donkeys (64 eyes) with ocular diseases that had reached the end of their working lives and requested to be used for educational and research purposes. Complete clinical, ophthalmic, ultrasonographic, gross pathologic and histopathologic examinations were included. Ocular abnormalities were documented, tabulated, and analyzed. Seventy-five ocular abnormalities were diagnosed with multiple involvements within the same eye including anterior uveitis (n = 13; 22.8%), cataract (n = 57; 76%), retinal detachment (n = 3; 4%), lens and phthisis bulbi (n = 2; 2.6%). Descriptive ultrasonographic findings of ocular abnormalities were included. Gross pathologic and histopathology findings confirmed the ultrasonography findings. Ultrasonography provided a clinically useful tool offering insight into detailed intraocular structures especially with opacification of the dioptric structures of the eye.
The Effect of Strain Rate on the Tensile Deformation Behavior of Single Crystal, Ni-Based Superalloys
Authors: Wang-Koh Y. M. , Messe O. M. D. M. , Schwalbe C. W. M. , Jones C. N. , Rae C. M. F.
Published: March 2023

Single crystal Nickel-based superalloys exhibit an anomalous yield point, the yield stress increasing with temperature to a maximum at around 750 ºC. Here, we demonstrate in the alloy CMSX-4 at 750 ºC that, although there is virtually no effect of strain rate on the initial yield point, at slow strain rates a second mechanism can initiate leading to a considerable softening effect. By examining the microstructures of a series of interrupted tests, this is attributed to the initiation of stacking fault shear after the operation of a secondary slip system. Using high-resolution TEM, the dislocation structures are shown to be identical in both structure and in the segregation of Co, Cr, and W, to those observed during creep deformation of single crystal alloys, although the conformation of the dislocations and faults differs from that observed during creep. This drop in flow stress at low strain rates is not observed in the alloys TMS138A and SRR99, in the former case, the improved creep resistance of this fourth-generation alloy would require a much slower strain rate to match the creep rate achievable at this temperature.
Supersolvus Recrystallization and Grain Growth Kinetics for the Fine Tuning of Grain Size in VDM Alloy 780 Forgings
Authors: Hafez Haghighat M. , Sharma J. , Gehrmann B. , Alves H. , Bozzolo N.
Published: March 2023

VDM Alloy 780 is a new polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy developed for aeronautical applications. In most of the targeted applications, grain size after forging must be precisely controlled to meet the targeted mechanical properties and in-service life requirements. Grain size in forgings is the direct consequence of the recrystallization and grain growth kinetics which are addressed in this paper at high temperatures, above the solvus temperature of γ′ and η/δ phases. The dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization kinetics as well as the grain growth kinetics of VDM Alloy 780 are detailed over a range of thermomechanical conditions. Dynamic recrystallization appears to be limited, with only 30 pct recrystallized at quite high strain of 1.7 applied at 1050 °C and 0.01 s−1for instance, but this is compensated by fast post-dynamic evolution. Within the investigated thermomechanical range, recrystallization is completed with 5 minutes of post-deformation hold in VDM Alloy 780 independent of the prior strain, strain rate and dynamic recrystallization fraction. For a strain as low as 0.08, an isothermal annealing of 30 minutes at 1050 °C generates a homogenous and fully recrystallized microstructure. Capillarity driven grain growth following recrystallization is also relatively slow, for instance an exposure at 1050 °C (50 °C above the solvus temperature) for 2 hours results in an increase in average grain size from 20 to 70 μm. This opens the possibility to fine tune the grain sizes by subsequent heat treatments within a time scale that is compatible with industrial conditions. The high cobalt content (25 pct) is suspected to play a role in the control of microstructure evolution kinetics. It is noteworthy that VDM Alloy 780 is shown here to not undergo the heterogeneous grain growth phenomenon reported in low strain regions for other nickel-based superalloys, which is also an asset for applications requiring strict control of grain sizes and grain size distributions.
On the influence of elasticity on propeller performance: a parametric study
Authors: Möhren F. , Bergmann O. , Janser F. , Braun C.
Published: March 2023

The aerodynamic performance of propellers strongly depends on their geometry and, consequently, on aeroelastic deformations. Knowledge of the extent of the impact is crucial for overall aircraft performance. An integrated simulation environment for steady aeroelastic propeller simulations is presented. The simulation environment is applied to determine the impact of elastic deformations on the aerodynamic propeller performance. The aerodynamic module includes a blade element momentum approach to calculate aerodynamic loads. The structural module is based on finite beam elements, according to Timoshenko theory, including moderate deflections. Several fixed-pitch propellers with thin-walled cross sections made of both isotropic and non-isotropic materials are investigated. The essential parameters are varied: diameter, disc loading, sweep, material, rotational, and flight velocity. The relative change of thrust between rigid and elastic blades quantifies the impact of propeller elasticity. Swept propellers of large diameters or low disc loadings can decrease the thrust significantly. High flight velocities and low material stiffness amplify this tendency. Performance calculations without consideration of propeller elasticity can lead to decreased efficiency. To avoid cost- and time-intense redesigns, propeller elasticity should be considered for swept planforms and low disc loadings.
A survey on bipartite graphs embedding
Authors: Giamphy Edward , Guillaume Jean-Loup , Doucet Antoine , Sanchis Kevin
Published: March 2023

Research on graph representation learning (a.k.a. embedding) has received great attention in recent years and shows effective results for various types of networks. Nevertheless, few initiatives have been focused on the particular case of embeddings for bipartite graphs. In this paper, we first define the graph embedding problem in the case of bipartite graphs. Next, we propose a taxonomy of approaches used to tackle this problem and draw a description of state-of-the-art methods. Then, we establish their pros and cons with respect to conventional network embeddings. Finally, we provide a description of available resources to lead experiments on the subject.
Micromachined Infrared Thermopile Detector Based on a Suspended Film Structure
Authors: Lei Cheng , Guan Yihao , Liang Ting , Wu Xuezhan , Bai Yuehang , Gong Mingfeng , Jia Pingang , Xiong Jijun
Published: March 2023

The micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) infrared thermopile is the core working device of modern information detection systems such as spectrometers, gas sensors, and remote temperature sensors. We presented two different structures of MEMS infrared thermopiles based on suspended film structures. They both deposited silicon nitride over the entire surface as a passivated absorber layer in place of a separate absorber zone, and the thermocouple strip was oriented in the same direction as the temperature gradient. The same MEMS preparation process was used and finally two different structures of the thermopile were characterized separately for testing to verify the impact of our design on the detector. The test results show that the circular and double-ended symmetrical thermopile detectors have responsivities of 27.932 V/W and 23.205 V/W, specific detectivities of 12.1×107 cm·Hz1/2·W−1 and 10.1×107 cm·Hz1/2·W−1, and response time of 26.2 ms and 27.06 ms, respectively. In addition, rectangular double-ended symmetric thermopile has a larger field of view than a circular thermopile detector, but is not as mechanically stable as a circular thermopile.
Claude Bernard and life in the laboratory
Authors: Rheinberger Hans-Joerg
Published: March 2023

Much has been written on Claude Bernard as a relentless promoter of the experimental method in physiology. Although the paper will touch Bernard’s experimental intuitions and his experimental practice as well, its focus is slightly different. It will address the laboratory, that is, the space in which experimentation in the life sciences takes place, and it will analyze the scattered remarks that Bernard made on the topic both in his books and in his posthumously published writings. The paper is divided into four parts. The introduction briefly sketches the coming into being of the physiological laboratory in the first half of the nineteenth century. The second section will give an overview of Claude Bernard’s own itinerary in physiology and his personal laboratory experience. The third part of the paper will have a look at the image of the laboratory that Claude depicted in his Introduction to Experimental Medicine. In the subsequent section and by contrast, the image of the laboratory will come into focus as it can be reconstructed from Bernard’s notebook that he kept between 1850 and 1860, the Cahier rouge. Finally, the fifth part of the paper will spotlight Claude Bernard’s comparison of the sciences and the arts and their respective practices. A brief concluding statement tries to summarize Bernard’s epistemological position toward experimentally practiced science.
Becoming a Non-native Chinese Language Teacher: An Identity Triangle Model Analysis
Authors: Wang Danping , Mason Claudia
Published: March 2023

This study utilises the Identity Triangle Model (Dugas in Teach Dev 25(3):243–262, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2021.1874500) to examine the experiences of one particular novice non-native Mandarin Chinese teacher at a university in New Zealand. A case study design was employed to track the identity negotiations of this European non-native Chinese speaker during 12 weeks of her first semester of teaching. Analysis of the data revealed nine subcategories within the psychological, behavioural, and relational domains according to the Identity Triangle Model. The findings suggest that this new non-native speaker teacher viewed her as an accidental teacher, exploring a teaching career without a strong instrumentalist aspiration or a clear career path in language teaching. Instead, she was more motivated by a desire for personal growth and the opportunity to reinvent themselves in a new cultural context. The results of this study offer theoretical implications for the adoption of a unified framework in future research on the identity of first-time language teachers, and practical implications for developing sustainable strategies aimed at recruiting and retaining non-native speaker teachers in foreign language education.