bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slope stability estimation of the «earth bed – road dressing» system with disturbed structure
Authors: Kamenchukov Aleksey , Nikolaeva Gamilia , Gorshkov Nikolay , Lovtsov Alexander
Published: April 2021

Off-standard soil-geological systems stability assessing issues under complex conditions is being discussed in this article. Modern methods and tools analytical review for assessing the embankment slope stability was performed here. Embankment work peculiarities in the areas of the permafrost soil spread were discussed in this paper. Special attention is paid to the embankments stability issue on a thawed foundation. The design features of the embankments on permafrost soils with the frozen soils preservation or partial thawing have been studied here. Two variations of sliding surface design-level static circuit are presented in this paper: base – earth bed and base – earth bed – road dressing. The main reasons that lead to the soil slopes stability loss of soil slopes are presented here. Based on the field research results, the embankment soil stress-related characteristics and the earth bed base were determined. Those results became the basis for embankment slope stability mathematical modeling and assessment. In software packages, GeoStab (demo) and Geo5 (educational license), based on the finite element method and the field research results, digital embankment models were built on a weak foundation. The «earth bed – road dressing» system stability calculation under the standard uniformly distributed load has been performed. Two system strengthening options are proposed to increase its stability: reinforcement with soil anchors and geosynthetic materials. The hypothesis sufficiency about the influence of the pavement road dressing state on the embankment stability was also tested here. Two models of the system and the base – earth bed – road dressing are discussed: without cracks on the track and with cracks on the track. It has been elucidated that coating imperfection affects the system stability only in the presence of medium or larger strength earthquakes. Recommendations for strengthening the embankment slopes operating in difficult soil-geological conditions were given in this article.
Developing expert gaze pattern in laparoscopic surgery requires more than behavioral training
Authors: Liu Sicong , Donaldson Rachel , Subramaniam Ashwin , Palmer Hannah , Champion Cosette D. , Cox Morgan L. , Appelbaum L. Gregory
Published: April 2021

Expertise in laparoscopic surgery is realized through both manual dexterity and efficient eye movement patterns, creating opportunities to use gaze information in the educational process. To better understand how expert gaze behaviors are acquired through deliberate practice of technical skills, three surgeons were assessed and five novices were trained and assessed in a 5-visit protocol on the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery peg transfer task. The task was adjusted to have a fixed action sequence to allow recordings of dwell durations based on pre-defined areas of interest (AOIs). Trained novices were shown to reach more than 98% (M = 98.62%, SD = 1.06%) of their behavioral learning plateaus, leading to equivalent behavioral performance to that of surgeons. Despite this equivalence in behavioral performance, surgeons continued to show significantly shorter dwell durations at visual targets of current actions and longer dwell durations at future steps in the action sequence than trained novices (ps ≤ .03, Cohen’s ds > 2). This study demonstrates that, while novices can train to match surgeons on behavioral performance, their gaze pattern is still less efficient than that of surgeons, motivating surgical training programs to involve eye tracking technology in their design and evaluation.
Constructing the Folk Cultural Sphere: Agency, Media and Authority
Authors: Frog -
Published: April 2021

This paper explores the dynamics of agency, media andauthority in the maintenance and construction of the folk cultural sphere– that is, asociety’s generalized perception and understanding of traditional culture. Thephenomenon is explored through a series of cases, organized chronologically, on:medieval manuscript technologies and Snorri Sturluson’s Edda; seventeenth- and eighteenth-century written representationsof Sámi; a nineteenth-century living ethnographic exhibition of Sámi; currentfieldwork documenting Rotenese and Tetun traditions in Indonesia; acommunity-driven living ethnographic exhibition on the island of Java. The finaldiscussion takes an overview of the perspectives gained from the individualcases to consider their broader implications.
Methods and technical solutions for keeping the path of a geotechnological borehole
Authors: Moldashi D. N.
Published: April 2021

With increasing depth of exploration and process boreholes (at small drilling diameters), the probability of deviation of the borehole path from design trajectory increases many times; i. e. zenith curvature and azimuth deviation of the borehole path occur. Therefore, developing methods for keeping vertical path of the borehole when drilling deeper horizons of ore bodies is a very topical issue. The paper presents the results of developing a new bottom-hole assembly for drilling boreholes in soft rocks using screw casing centralizers, which provide good stabilizing and centering effects to mitigate horizontal departure of the hole axis from the design direction and minimize vertical curvature of the hole path (zenith angle) while maintaining sufficient drill string flexibility. The developed technical solutions provide simplicity of design and ability to adapt to wide range of mining, geological and technological drilling conditions. The feasibility of manufacturing the centralizers by own efforts and the technological feasibility of quick and easy connecting the centralizer with other elements of the bottom-hole assembly have been substantiated. The manufacture efficiency is proved by the use of inexpensive and wear-resistant materials in the centralizer armouring, for which tungsten-cobalt or titanium-cobalt hard-alloy inserts were used. In addition, prevailing volume of borehole drilling in soft rocks allowed using replaceable centering elements, as well as their repair and restoration to increase their service life. The manufactured centralizer has a low production cost due to the design simplicity and the use of inexpensive wearresistant material and will compete in the market of drilling tools and technical devices for drill string stabilization. The economic effect from the introduction of the self-produced centralizers amounted to more than 170,000 tenge per a borehole.
INTRODUCTION
Authors:   Dentistry College, Mosul University, Iraq., Taqa Amer A.
Published: April 2021

It is an honor and pleasure to welcome you and introduce the first international dental conference, held on 2-3 Apr, 2019 at Al Noor University College - Dept. of Dentistry, in Mosul city, Iraq. This conference was organized in collaboration with the College of Dentistry, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq.
From practitioner to patient - My COVID journey
Authors: Metsing Nthabiseng
Published: April 2021

It was on Wednesday the 24th of June when I started to feel fluish. Considering the pandemic that the world is currently facing, my first thought was that it may be COVID-19 yet there was another part of me that dismissed it. Within a few hours of these first symptoms, my throat felt like I had swallowed a ball of fire, I was coughing, had a severe headache, and I was feeling very cold despite sitting in front of the heater.

I self-medicated and went to bed early and took a decision to self-isolate for 7 days. The next day I woke up feeling much better, so I told myself it may not be COVID-19 since it responded to the previous night's remedies. I continued using some over-the-counter preparations, however on Friday I woke up and realized I lost my senses of taste and smell and I had no appetite. By Saturday I started to feel weak and lethargic and I couldn't even get myself out of bed. I tried to eat but food nauseated me.
Perforation of the palate - A report of two Syphilitic Gumma cases
Authors: Titinchi Fadi , Behardien Nashreen , Morkel Jean , Opperman Johan
Published: April 2021

Syphilis has recently shown resurgence in its incidence especially in immune-compromised patients. We present two cases of tertiary syphilis in middle-aged males with large perforations in the hard and soft palates, one of which had Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection. Diagnosis was initially difficult due to non-specific features mimicking other conditions such as perforation of cocaine abuse aetiology, neoplastic conditions, sarcoi-dosis, fungal infections, bacterial infections other than Treponema pallidum and Wegeners granulomatosis. With special investigations including Anti-Treponema Immunohistochemistry and histology, however, a definitive diagnosis of syphilitic gumma was reached. Intravenous penicillin was the mainstay of management along with treatment of the underlying medical conditions. A removable acrylic obturator was used to close the oro-nasal fistula to improve swallowing and speech. Syphilis should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of palatal perforation.
https://www.cardiologiaambulatoriale.eu/osimertinib-induced-venous-thromboembolism-in-lung-cancer-a-challenging-clinical-case/
Authors: Leopizzi Tiziana , Fioretti Agnese Maria
Published: April 2021

Venous thromboembolism is the second leading cause of mortality among cancer patients, with a 20% incidence, after the progression of cancer itself. In the last two years clinical trials have studied direct oral anticoagulants also in the oncological clinical setting with prom-ising results in efficacy and safety. Osimertinib has been approved for the treatment of EGFR T790M mutation-positive non small cell lung cancer resistant to first- and second-generation EGFR tirosin kinase inhibitors. However, little is known about venous thromboem-bolism induced by osimertinib. Here, we report the case of a woman with lung cancer treated by osimertinib who developed deep vein thrombosis of the common femoral right vein, successfully treated wih edoxaban. In conclusion, on one side deep vein thrombosis is a possible side effect of osimertinib, on the other side edoxaban is a new practical, effective and safe therapeutic option also in active cancer patients.
プロトコルの再現性、発見性を高め、よりユーザーフレンドリーにする方法 v1
Authors: Teytelman Lenny , team protocols.io , Broellochs Anita , Nagane Uchikawa Ayu
Published: April 2021

protocols.ioでは、自由自在に詳細なメソッドを入力して表示できます。しかし、ここに書かれている簡単な提案は、あなたのプロトコルをあなたや他の人にとってより有用なものにするのに役立ちます。重要なのは、ここで紹介されている簡単なステップによって、あなたのプロトコルの可視性を大幅に向上させ、必要とする科学者がそれを見つけられるようになるということです。 ご不明な点がございましたら、お気軽にprotocols.ioチームinfo [at] protocols.ioまでご連絡ください。 このガイドは、以下の日本語訳です。 Lenny Teytelman, protocols.io team, Anita Broellochs2020.How to make your protocol more reproducible, discoverable, and user-friendly.protocols.iohttps://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bnknmcve Version created byLenny Teytelman
Assembly Instructions for colosseum v2
Authors: Booeshaghi Sina , Kil Yeokyoung , Hoi Min Kyung , Gehring Jase , Pachter Lior
Published: April 2021

We present colosseum, a low-cost, modular, and automated fluid sampling device for scalable fluidic applications. The colosseum fraction collector uses a single motor, can be built for less than $100 using off-the-shelf and 3D-printed components, and can be assembled in less than an hour. Build Instructions and source files are available at https://github.com/pachterlab/colosseum.
Fear as a mental health crisis in the context of global risks and changes
Authors: Rozenova M.I. , Ekimova V.I. , Ognev A.S. , Likhacheva E.V.
Published: April 2021

The paper presents the analysis of the results of international and national research in the field of studying the impact of global crises and pandemic situations (including COVID-19) on the state of mental health of people. Traditionally, the fear that accompanies emergency events and situations is considered as a source of mental and psychological traumatology of various kinds, however, the authors consider fear in a period of global risks and changes, from the point of view of not the cause, but an indicator of a decrease in the integrity of a person's mental health. The initial theoretical model that allows us to differentiate and diagnose different qualities of fear was the "I-structural" concept of G. Amon, which allows us to describe and understand the specific phenomenology of fears in the pandemic period. The qualities of fear, manifested in its constructive, destructive and deficient form, according to the authors, reflect the resource reserve of a person's mental health and the level of his psychological stability.
Burnout in the stress system of aviation professionals
Authors: Sechko A.V.
Published: April 2021

The article describes the factors of professional stress in aviation, determined by advances in aviation construction against the background of planetary global economic, political and environmental changes. The development of technology in the aviation industry by the 1980s reached a level that minimized both the impact of aggressive environmental factors and the physical activity of those employed in aviation. Currently, the problems of companies' relations with personnel, caused by frequent downfalls of aircraft on the one hand and the growth of aviation traffic, the level of optimization of organizational structures on the other, come to the fore in this area. As a result, staff are forced to share jobs, receive training in time, be at risk of losing their jobs, or work to the limit. Vertical relations, in turn, affect the socio-psychological climate in the teams and the nature of the relationship of aviation specialists. Also of particular urgency is the problem of professional burnout of aviation specialists, exacerbating in the situation of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Most-Favored-Nation Clause in the Practice of Establishing the Jurisdiction of the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
Authors: Oganezova S. R.
Published: April 2021

Based on the analysis of arbitration practice and doctrine, the author identifies the principles of interpretation of the most-favored-nation clause in order to resolve the issue of the jurisdiction of the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) by arbitration. The author concludes that the arbitration should be guided not only by the principle of literal interpretation of the international investment agreement and, in case of uncertainty, establish the intention of the contracting states to apply the most-favored-nation clause to the process of resolving investment disputes, but also take into account the public policy of the contracting states.
Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography for identifying hospitalizations for patients with COVID-19
Authors: Morozov Sergey P. , Reshetnikov Roman V. , Gombolevskiy Victor A. , Ledikhova Natalya V. , Blokhin Ivan A. , Mokienko Olesya A.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: In Russia, a semi-quantitative CT 04 scoring system is used in the analysis of thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans of COVID-19 patients to grade the severity of lung lesions. Despite the widespread use of this approach, the scoring systems diagnostic accuracy for identification hospitalizations for patients with the disease is currently unknown.
AIM: To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value of the CT 04 system for the triage of COVID-19 patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 575 patients of Moscow clinics with laboratory-verified COVID-19, aged 57.213.9 years, 55% females. All patients were examined with four consecutive chest CT scans, and the disease severity was assessed using the CT 04 scoring system. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated as conditional probabilities that a patient would experience clinical improvement or deterioration, depending on the preceding CT examination results. For the calculation of the NPV and PPV, we estimated the COVID-19 prevalence in Moscow. The data on total cases of COVID-19 from March 6 to November 28, 2020, were taken from the Rospotrebnadzor website. We used several ARIMA and EST models with different parameters to fit the data and forecast the incidence.
RESULTS: The median specificity of the CT 04 scoring system was 69% (95% CI 32%, 100%), and the sensitivity was 92% (95% CI 74%, 100%). The best statistical model describing the epidemiological situation in Moscow was ARIMA (0,2,1). According to our calculations, with the predicted point prevalence of 9.6%, the values of PPV and NPV were 56% and 97%, correspondingly.
CONCLUSION: The maximum Youdens index was observed for the period between the first and the second chest CT examinations when the majority of the included patients experienced clinical deterioration. The CT 04 scoring system makes it possible to safely exclude the development of pathological changes in patients with mild and moderate disease (categories CT-0 and CT-1), thereby optimizing the burden on hospitals in an unfavorable epidemic situation.
MRI evaluation of the neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy result in a patient with rectal cancer, supplemented with T2-WI texture analysis of the tumor: a clinical case
Authors: Dayneko Yana A. , Berezovskaya Tatiana P. , Myalina Sofia A. , Orekhov Ivan A. , Nevolskikh Aleksey A.
Published: April 2021

The article presents a clinical case of using the active follow-up strategy (the so-called watch wait) in a 73-year-old patient with cancer of the lower rectum with a good response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NCRT). After 3 years of regular follow-up, including digital rectal examination, rectoscopy and MRI, indicating the absence of tumor progression, PET/ CT with 18F-FDG was obtained, which revealed a region of hypermetabolic activity in the lower rectum (SUVmax 27.1), in connection with which it was decided to carry out surgical treatment. When discussing the issue of the volume of the operation, MRI data were taken into account, supplemented by the results of T2-weighted texture analysis, which confirmed the absence of progression. The patient underwent organ-preserving treatment in the amount of transanal tumor resection. Pathomorphological examination after surgery established the inflammatory changes in the intestinal wall and absence of tumor. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of the standard examination volume when using the watch wait strategy and the possibility of using T2-WI texture analysis to increase the reliability of MRI assessment of tumor response to chemotherapy.
HEPATITIS C IN RUSSIA: CURRENT EPIDEMIOLOGY AND APPROACHES TO IMPROVING DIAGNOSIS AND SURVEILLANCE
Authors: Pimenov N. N. , Chulanov V. P. , Komarova S. V , Karandashova I. V. , Neverov A. D. , Mikhailovskaya G. V , Dolgin V. A. , Lebedeva E. B. , Pashkina K. V , Korshunova G. S.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of analysis of reported incidence of acute and chronic hepatitis С in Russian Federation. Detailed description of current epidemiological characteristics of acute and chronic hepatitis С in various Federal regions and in different age groups is provided. The authors discuss the most probable transmission routs of HCV and its genotype distribution in Russia. Critical problems of laboratory diagnosis and hepatitis С surveillance are reviewed. There is an urgent need for introduction of HCV RNA as a routine confirmatory test for acute and chronic hepatitis С as well as introduction of Viral Hepatitis Registry for HCV patients throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation.
CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIDES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE
Authors: Nechaev V. V. , Mukomolov S. L. , Nazarov V. Yu. , Pozhidaeva L. N. , Chakhar'yan V. V.
Published: April 2021

The epidemiological analysis of the recorded incidence of chronic forms of viral hepatitis (H) in Leningrad - St. Petersburg performed for 39 years, revealed the presence of a peculiar periodicity of the epidemic process, etiopathogenetic relationship between the incidence of acute and chronic forms of HB and HC in the megacity. The epidemic process of viral hepatitides, presented with chronic forms in dynamics, has undergone significant alterations, consisting in the change of the leading age groups in the formation of disease morbidity. In the first and second periods of observation (1962-1994) in the epidemic process mainly adults and children were involved. Under the influence of socio-economic conditions and changes in the moral and ethical foundations of society in the third period in the formation of chronic liver pathology the equity participation of adolescents, young adults increased, and the proportion of children and older groups of adults decreased. Increasing the percentage offemales in the structure of incidence of chronic viral hepatitis is an unfavorable sign. Gender and age-related changes in disease morbidity contributed to the decline in mortality from chronic viral hepatitides.
A CASE OF ACUTE URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN A RUSSIAN TOURIST TRAVELED TO UPPER NILE IN KENYA AND UGANDA AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Bronshtein A. M , Malyshev N. A , Zharov S. N
Published: April 2021

A case of acute schistosomiasis with febrile, high peripheral eosinophilia and haematuria is presented as a 28-years-old male tourist traveled to upper Nile in Kenia and Uganda. The patient was successfully treated with praziquantel. Although acute urinary schistosomiasis have been rare in Russian travelers this should not be discounted in patients with febrile, high peripheral eosinophilia and haematuria returning from tropical countries. Some behavior habits regarding acquiring of infection are discussed.
Three epidemic seasons of flu in 2009-2013
Authors: Yakovlev A. A , Kotlyarova S. I , Musatov V. B , Fedunyak I. P , Karnaukhov E. V , Vashukova S. S , Ivanova E. N
Published: April 2021

The present publication is devoted to the comparative eidemiogical and ethyologic analysis of flu in seasons of 2009-2010, 2011 and 2013. In the article there are presented quantitative data on hospitalization of patients to an infectious hospital in the period of epidemic seasons with the analysis of calendar time, duration and peaks of mass admission. Data on etiological structure offlu are provided for each epidemic season also. The lethality from flu as a whole and from flu A(H1)pdm09 is analyzed. Similarities and distinctions of epidemic seasons in the specified years are clarified.
Measles virus-specific IgG-antibodies level in umbilical cord blood according to the maternal age
Authors: Kostinov M. P , Shmitko A. D , Bocharova I. I , Cherdancev A. P , Savisko A. A , Polishchuk V. B
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Mass vaccination and re-vaccination against measles as of children, as well additionally in adults, contributed to the significant decrease in morbidity rate. At the same time, outbreaks of measles in recent years, both in the World and in Russia, became more frequent, especially in the adult population. Aim: To determine the content of transplacental IgG-antibodies to measles virus in the umbilical cord blood, with taking into account of the age of the mother. Materials and methods. There was studied the cord blood of offsprings of 672 parturient women aged 16-43 years old, residing in Moscow and Moscow region, without a history of measles previously. The level of IgG-antibodies was determined by ELISA with the use of a standard set of reagents of the Firm "VECTOR-BEST", accordingly to instructions. Results. Protective (0.18 IU/ml) IgG-antibodies to measles virus in neonates were recorded in 79.9%. In females aged of 16-20 years protective antibodies were detected in 89,7%, 21-25 years - 80,8%, 26-30 years - 75% 31-35 - 75% 36-43 - 88,2% of cases. Average protective antibody level decreased according to the maternal age, respectively, and was the lowest (1,34 ± 0 22 IU/ml) in the group of women aged of 26 to 30 years and the high level was noted in 16-20 and 36-43 years old cases (2,18 ± 0,47 IU/ml and 2,73 ± 0,44 IU/ml). Conclusion. Women aged of 26-30 years are at risk for the development of measles infection, which is an indication for vaccination before pregnancy.
Peculiarities of cellular immunity in acute Epstein-Barr virus infection
Authors: Trisko A. A , Kolesnikova N. V , Avdeeva M. G , Chudilova G. A , Lomtatidze L. V
Published: April 2021

With the aim of the optimization of the differential diagnosis there was performed an assessment of cellular immunity in patients with acute viral (infectious mononucleosis associated with Epstein-Barr virus) and acute bacterial infection (bacterial tonsillitis). Study groups was consisted of 22 patients with infectious mononucleosis, the comparison group - 19 patients with acute bacterial tonsillitis. There was revealed a number of significant changes typical for acute infectious process of various etiology. The features of cellular immunity in acute viral infection in terms of EBV-associated infectious mononucleosis are: the increase of cytotoxic CD8(+) - T-cells; consistent deficiency ofpopulations and subpopulations of CD19 (+) - B lymphocytes; a significant increase in density (MFI) expression of CD19-, CD21-, CD81-receptors in various subpopulations ofB lymphocytes. Revealed regularities of changes in cellular immunity in acute Epstein-Barr virus infection are caused by biological characteristics of the pathogen and can be used for the optimization of the laboratory diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis.
Comparative analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) foci in the Saratov region
Authors: Ryabova A. V , Tarasov M. A , Zakharov K. S , Popov N. V
Published: April 2021

The aim of the research was the assessment of the level ofa potential epidemic danger of the anthropourgic foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the cities of Saratov and Atkarsk ofthe Saratov region. There was performed a comparative retrospective analysis of data of epizootological monitoring of focal territories for the period from 1999 to 2014. For the detection of the spatial structure of HFRS foci there were used methods of remote sensing of the Earth. As a result, there have been revealed spatio-temporal features of an activity of HFRS foci in suburbs, some hallmarks of landscape and biocenotic structure were established.
Assessment of reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of the domestic vaccine «Encevir®» with the reduced antigenic load in the immunization of children aged 3-17 years accordingly to routine scheduled vaccination (report 2)
Authors: Feldblium I. V , Okuneva I. A , Danilina T. V , Menshikova M. G , Pavroz K. A , Trofimov D. M , Ershov A. E
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of an open comparative randomized clinical study on the assessment of the reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of the domestic vaccine "EntseVir®" with reduced antigenic load in immunization of children aged 3 to 17 years on the schedule for 0-60 days. The vaccine is characterized by the low reactogenicity, high safety profile and immunogenicity. On main indices, it is not inferior to foreign vaccine «FSME-Immun Inject / Junior».
From colonial and Military medicine to Tropical medicine: Road of temporary defeats and famous victories. Historical overview
Authors: Bronshteyn A. M , Malyshev N. A , Lobzin YU. V
Published: April 2021

Analysis of historical data shows the inextricable link between Military and Tropical Medicine, and the analysis of the political and economic situation - the possibility of conflict in the present and the future. If earlier the main purpose ofthe wars was the territory, now - it is a struggle for resources. In tropical countries the presence of huge mineral resources availability creates a basis for the continuation of the old and the emergence of new centers of military conflicts. The interrelationship between Military and Tropical Medicine is obvious and can receive a new impetus to its development. Military physicians will continue to be at the first turn to fight tropical infections and share their experience in civil medicine
Assessing the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission
Authors: Khamidulina R M , Katyagina M G , Zolotova I S , Ziganshina L E
Published: April 2021

Aim. To analyze the outcomes of a set of interventions to prevent vertical transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Republic of Mari El.

Methods. A retrospective analysis of temporary registration forms Notifications of the termination of pregnancy in an HIV-infected woman and Notifications of a newborn born by an HIV-infected mother, case histories and outpatient medical records of HIV-infected women who gave birth in 20002018 was carried out. The study included all children born in the Republic of Mari El to HIV-positive women registered with the Republican Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, as well as children whose HIV status is detected after birth as a result of epidemiological investigations. The assessment of the risks of transmission as an outcome of the three-step preventive interventions has been carried out. A comparative analysis of the results of perinatal prevention of HIV transmission in the Republic of Mari El and other regions of the Russian Federation was performed.

Results. A total of 299 HIV-infected pregnant women and 368 children born to these women during the study period were registered in the region; 63 (21.7%) of these women had more than one child. Over the entire study period, 18 (4.8%) children with confirmed HIV infection were registered. The most common factor associated with infant HIV infection is late maternal HIV diagnosis: (1) several years after childbirth in the absence of antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis and the infants were breastfeeding (11 cases, 64.7%); (2) during or shortly after childbirth, when the patient did not receive entire three-step antiretroviral prophylaxis during pregnancy and childbirth (6 cases, 29.4%); (3) in the third trimester of pregnancy (1 case, 5.5%). An important limitation for the successful prevention of vertical transmission of HIV was the lack of routine HIV testing, which is required by women and their partners before and at various stages during pregnancy. A single case of self-infection indicates the need to introduce preventive measures from early adolescence among children.

Conclusion. Due to the late maternal HIV diagnosis, during or after delivery, HIV transmission events occurred either with limited or no limited antiretroviral prophylaxis.
In memory of professor V. F. Danilichev
Authors: Kulikov Alexey Nikolaevich , Reytuzov Vladimir Alekseevich , Sobolev Andrey Fedorovich
Published: April 2021

The article is dedicated to the memory of Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor V.F. Danilichev. The authors reviewed his life path, clinical, scientific and educational activities.
Tsunami Efficiency Due to Very Slow Earthquakes
Authors: Riquelme Sebastián , Fuentes Mauricio
Published: April 2021

Often, tsunami “sources” have been treated as a quasistatic problem. Initial studies have demonstrated that, for earthquake rupture velocities in the span of 1.5–3  km/s, the kinematic and static part of the tsunami can be treated separately. However, very slow earthquake rupture velocities in the span of 0.1–1  km/s have not been included in tsunami analytical or numerical modeling. Here, we calculated the tsunami efficiency, extending Kajiura’s definition for different models. We demonstrated that rupture velocity cannot be neglected for very slow events, that is, rupture velocities slower than 0.5  km/s. We also examined the relation of magnitude, earthquake rupture velocity, and tsunami amplitude to the efficiency of very slow tsunamigenic earthquakes. Hypothetical megathrust earthquakes (Mw>8.5) with very slow rupture velocities amplify energy from 10 to 60 times larger than moderate to large earthquakes (7.0<Mw<8.5) in the direction of rupture propagation.
GeroRiching a BSW Curriculum: More Carrot, Less Stick
Authors: Tyler Wade
Published: April 2021

With the aging of the American population, all social workers, regardless of their field of practice, are increasingly finding themselves working with elderly clients or with clients' aging family members. A number of schools and departments of social work are actively engaging in a new emphasis to prepare future practitioners to meet the growing challenge and are seeking effective methods of enriching their curricula. This article examines current literature on institutional change that suggests effective curriculum change strategies fit institutional culture. It then reports the efforts of one rural BSW program to infuse its curriculum with content on aging, and demonstrates how the selected strategies fit the institutional culture of that social work program.
WAC: A Strengths-Based Approach to Student Learning
Authors: Kahn Jessica , Holody Richard
Published: April 2021

As is reported in other undergraduate disciplines, many social work students struggle with developing their writing skills. In this article we explore the special relevancy to social work education of a pedagogical approach known as Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC), which provides a model for effective teaching based on the interrelationship of writing, learning, and thinking. We view improving student writing from a strengths perspective. Including students in the language of the profession and developing their critical thinking skills is a normative process accomplished through the instructor's conscious use of writing assignments in creative and integrative ways.
Social Workers' Self-Efficacy and Comfort Providing Services for HIV-Affected Children
Authors: Letteney Susan
Published: April 2021

As HIV/AIDS prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States, social workers will serve HIV-affected families for years to come. Researchers now consider HIV to be a "family disease"; thus, the children of HIV-positive parents face challenges and uncertainty about their futures. This study describes 46 social workers' perceptions of self-efficacy and comfort providing future care and custody services. Findings reveal that HIV/AIDS information gained through evidence-based sources was significantly correlated with social workers' knowledge and comfort providing services. Social workers' perceived self-efficacy was significantly correlated with perceptions of comfort providing future care and custody services. Self-reported definitions of future care and custody were multidimensional but not uniform. It is recommended that social workers providing HIV-related services to families obtain empirically based training. Schools of social work and professional organizations can play critical roles in disseminating best practices in the evolving area of HIV/AIDS and the family.
Two Birds With One Stone: Using Gerontology Experiences to Meet CSWE Competencies
Authors: Tompkins Catherine , Ernst Joy Swanson , Ihara Emily , Clark Paul
Published: April 2021

In 2008 the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) developed competency-based accreditation standards that establish and define operational practice behaviors. To implement the 2008 accreditation standards, baccalaureate program faculty throughout the country are using curriculum mapping strategies to review and critique current course content and assessment measures. CSWE's National Center for Gerontological Social Work Education offers faculty development opportunities and curriculum resources to promote gerontology competence at the generalist level. Through the curriculum mapping process faculty can determine how to include gerontological social work competency achievement among their students while meeting the 2008 Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards requirements. This article uses an evidence-based framework to provide examples of pedagogy that can serve this dual function.
Ethics Symposium and Beyond: A Model for Teaching and Assessing Ethical Competence
Authors: Russell Kathleen , Keller JoDee
Published: April 2021

The new Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards from the Council on Social Work Education require that students demonstrate competencies in various areas through their mastery of specific practice behaviors. This article describes one model for teaching professional ethics that combines elements of infusion and dedicated intensive ethics instruction. Included is a discussion on engaging and facilitating active participation by students as a means for promoting achievement of benchmark levels of identified practice behaviors. The article also describes a unique program activity, the Ethics Symposium, which involves all faculty and all students. Students are actively engaged in a process of progressive learning and demonstration of competent ethical behavior. The program's schema for assessing student performance on ethics-related practice behaviors throughout the curriculum is also discussed.
Mapping Our Way to Success
Authors: Williams Javonda , Bolland Kathleen
Published: April 2021

Social work education accreditation standards have recently shifted from objective-based standards to a competency-based approach. One distinguishing characteristic of a competency-based curriculum is a focus on competence or mastery of a specific set of capabilities. In response to these changes, accredited social work programs are reorganizing curriculum and assessment plans. This article provides background information on competency-based education; curriculum mapping; and direct assessment. Additionally, the article outlines an example of the process of aligning teaching and assessment to program-level competencies with respect to the Council on Social Work Education's Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards. A discussion and tools such as maps and rubrics that can help provide direction and consistency to faculty efforts in teaching and assessing also are included.
Predicting the Use of Learner-Centered Instructional Methods by Undergraduate Social Work Faculty
Authors: Richardson Roslyn , Miller David
Published: April 2021

In this study we used Motivational Systems Theory (MST) to examine how use of learner-centered instructional methods varied based on faculty members' teaching goals, beliefs about their teaching abilities, and beliefs about the perceived adequacy of teaching resources, after controlling for experience and demographic factors. The population for this study was undergraduate social work educators with a minimum of 1 year of undergraduate social work education teaching experience. Findings suggest that MST factors influence the use of learner-centered teaching methods. Specifically, teaching goals were significant predictors of the use of learner-centered methods.
The Effect of Domestic Immersion Experiences on Levels of Cultural Competence
Authors: Quinn-Lee Lisa , Olson-McBride Leah
Published: April 2021

Although information regarding the importance of fostering cultural competence in future practitioners exists in a variety of disciplines, limited data exists concerning the effect of experiential learning opportunities. This research sought to determine the effect that domestic immersion has on levels of cultural competence among undergraduate social work students from a predominantly rural area of the Upper Midwest of the United States. The authors collected quantitative data via pre-and post-trip administrations of a modified version of the Miller-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale short form and qualitative data in the form of participants' responses to questions related to expectations and assumptions about cultural and racial aspects of life in the host culture. The results indicate that domestic immersions are associated with changes in universal diverse orientation.
A Capstone Assignment to Measure Student Competencies as a Program Assessment Tool
Authors: West Cynthia , Key Colin , Horton Michelle
Published: April 2021

The requirement of multiple measures for program assessment set out in the 2008 Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) may be challenging for social work programs as the evaluation shifts to student competencies and practice behaviors. This article offers a thorough description of a competency- based capstone project as one program assessment tool for the measurement of all 10 core competencies and 41 practice behaviors. The capstone, using a simulated case necessitating many of the skills required in practice, is second only to field instruction as a competency measure. Appendix A includes an actual capstone assignment as a relevant evaluation tool. Identifying student strengths and weaknesses is an essential component of the capstone assessment. Students begin the capstone after the completion of two field experiences and the majority of the social work curriculum.
Online Learning Communities: Using Technology to Facilitate Student Communication, Collaboration, and Support
Authors: Johansen Pamela , Ornelas Vincent
Published: April 2021

Social work students struggling to manage work, family, education, and other obligations may become isolated from peers and faculty members. There is a need to develop innovative methods to facilitate communication across barriers of time and distance. Studies have demonstrated the potential for online communication to allow for broader participation from diverse groups of students. Involvement in a learning community has been shown to increase self-worth and social support, as well as decrease social isolation. Technology may help create accessible learning communities as well as facilitate the coempowerment of students enrolled in such communities. Two faculty members developed, implemented, and monitored an online learning community. Findings of the first-year experience with the community, including the results of a student survey, are described.
Teaching Community Organizing? A Postmodernist Comparison Between Alinsky's Conflict and Eichler's Consensus Models
Authors: Mackie Paul Force-Emery , Leibowitz George
Published: April 2021

Social work students are expected to develop competency in and be able to use macro practice concepts in communities. One common area of macro practice involves organizing communities to improve socioeconomic environments. This article compares 2 prevailing models of community organization— Alinsky's conflict and Eichler's consensus models— from a postmodernist perspective. The goal is to guide educators and students in determining the appropriate use of each model based on the conditions influencing the need to organize. A case study is included to provide an opportunity to engage in a critical thinking exercise aimed at further honing practitioners’ skills.
Advice for BSW Students from Alumni of Rural Programs
Authors: Jones Lindsey , Kindle Peter , Auch Natasha , Graupmann Jessica , Ray Alicia , Utech Stephanie , Visser Jenna
Published: April 2021

Students enrolled or interested in baccalaureate social work programs with a rural focus have access to scant research-based resources to consult for career and educational advice. This study explores open-ended advice provided by a nonprobability sample of BSW alumni (N=120). Online surveys were solicited from alumni from four different colleges with a rural emphasis. Major themes included the advice to examine areas of the social work field, to obtain a graduate social work degree, to take personal responsibility to assess individual suitability for social work, to expect poor pay and work stressors, and to develop strong self-care defenses.
Assessing Academic Advising: A Developmental Approach
Authors: Daly Mary , Sidell Nancy
Published: April 2021

This article describes one program's efforts at assessing academic advising as a part of the implicit curriculum. Following an initial survey undertaken by faculty members, student researchers were engaged to qualitatively study academic advising. Research, data, and statistics were evaluated to determine advising strengths and challenges for social work majors enrolled in a small public institution. Although most interviewees reported having good advising experiences, they suggested additional advisor contact, more handouts, expanded office hours, and monthly group meetings as possible improvements. University-sponsored training sessions for advisors were also recommended. Ways in which this assessment model can be replicated and recommendations for future efforts are offered.
Reconceptualizing Policy Class as a Practice Class: Increasing the Political Efficacy of Millennial Students
Authors: Ritter Jessica
Published: April 2021

Most policy instructors know too well the challenge of teaching social welfare policy to social work students who do not list policy among their favorite courses. Social work programs have historically taught social policy courses using a theoretical or didactic approach, and as a result, students are inadequately prepared for doing work in the legislative and political arena. One recent study of 396 randomly selected licensed social workers from across the United States found that almost half did not feel adequately prepared to engage with the political system. Recent research supports the idea of teaching policy using an experiential approach and providing students with opportunities for real-life application. Social work programs should strongly consider reconceptualizing their policy courses as a practice course. This article describes one approach that can be used to provide millennial students with a rich and rewarding experience in their required policy courses.
Social Media for Professional Practice: Integrating Twitter With Social Work Pedagogy
Authors: Hitchcock Laurel Iverson , Battista Andrew
Published: April 2021

As social media continue to influence information-seeking trends among digital-age learners, social work educators must develop their pedagogy apace and construct a curriculum that invites students to discover information on Twitter and related social networks. Organizing and sharing information via social media is rapidly becoming a fundamental literacy for professional practice, as government and nonprofit organizations use these platforms to circulate information about services. The authors suggest ways to integrate Twitter into classroom assignments across a social work program based in the liberal arts. They argue that Twitter is a professionally relevant tool that helps students develop knowledge and skills for social work as well as the digital literacies of metacognition, critical evaluation, and attention management demanded today. Furthermore, they assert that Twitter is particularly well-suited to cultivate the skills that align with the core values, competencies, and imperatives of the social work profession.
Using Team-Based Learning to Teach Social Work Research, Human Behavior, and Policy
Authors: Macke Caroline , Taylor Jessica Averitt , Taylor James
Published: April 2021

Team-based learning (TBL) is an innovative and highly structured pedagogy with promise for millennial students in social work programs. Through a reliance on team exercises and active learning, TBL encourages critical thinking, leadership skills, and coordinated learning activities. Incorporation of TBL can also directly relate social work courses to the appropriate Council on Social Work Education core competencies. TBL is presented as an effective method for educating millennial students who are accustomed to high stimulation and creativity in the classroom. This article provides an overview of TBL and examples of TBL assignments for social work courses, including research, human behavior in the social environment, and social welfare policy.