bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Cutting Technologies for Lightweight Frame Components
Authors: Weinert Klaus , Grünert Sven , Kersting Michael
Published: March 2009

Most technical components applied in industrial practice are subjected to metal cutting operations during their production process. However, this leads to undesirable thermal and mechanical loads affecting the machined workpiece, which can result in an impairment of its serviceability. Due to their small wall thickness lightweight hollow profiles are highly susceptible to the inevitable machining loads and thermal stresses during drilling processes. For the virtual optimization of the machining process and in order to ensure a suitable process strategy, a finite element simulation of cutting operations for thin-walled light metal profiles is conducted. Due to the flexibility within creating drill holes of different diameters without tool changes circular milling represents a promising alternative to the application of conventional drilling tools for variable process strategies to handle batch sizes down to one piece efficiently. Hence, this article gives an insight into the investigations regarding the modeling concepts of the mechanical and thermal loads induced into the thin-walled lightweight frame structure during the circular milling process. Furthermore, process reliability aspects as well as the correlation of the calculated and the measured results will be discussed on the basis of experimental investigations. Finally, this article compares Finite Element Analysis aspects of circular milling processes with conventional drilling processes.
Design and Optimization of an Innovative Machine Kinematics for Combined Handling and Machining
Authors: Fleischer Jürgen , Schmidt-Ewig Jan Philipp
Published: March 2009

The importance of rigid and self supporting space frame structures for the automotive and aerospace industry continually increases. To meet the market requirements for a flexible and competitive small batch production, innovative machine concepts must be investigated. By integrating handling and machining capabilities into one machine structure, redundant degrees of freedom can be reduced and a former idle economic potential can be made use of. This paper introduces a systematic approach to reveal synergetic potentials that emerge by integrating two different fields of function, the handling and the machining. Therewith a matrix with technical solutions for a combination of handling and machining is generated. These solutions are the base for new machine concepts that fulfill both tasks with a minimal number of machine axes. The authors present a machine concept which is combined out of a four-axes parallel kinematics and a conventional serial kinematics. The two kinematic structures collaborate and allow the product flexible handling and machining of three dimensional rounded extrusions with a minimal technical effort. The machine concept is dimensioned and optimized for a maximal stiffness by the coupling of a multi body simulation to an external parameter optimization software. The optimization results show that the stiffness of the machine concept could be explicitly improved. This paper is based on investigations of the collaborative research centre SFB/TR10 which is kindly supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG).
Mechanical Properties of Compound-Extruded Aluminium-Matrix Profiles under Quasi-Static Loading Conditions
Authors: Weidenmann Kay André , Kerscher Eberhard , Schulze Volker , Löhe Detlef
Published: March 2009

Compound-extruded unidirectionally reinforced lightweight profiles are a novel class of materials for the realisation of load-bearing structures. They may be fabricated in a flexible and rapid near-net-shape process. The authors present investigations of the reinforcing effect of wires in compound-extruded aluminum profiles under quasi-static tension and compression. In particular, the compounds were characterized by metallographic examinations focusing on the fracture morphology. Furthermore, specimens subject to compression tests were examined using micro computer tomography (µ-CT) and light microscopy (LM). It is shown, that the mechanical
properties of wire-reinforced profiles are improved under both positive and negative quasi-static loads in comparison to non-reinforced profiles.
3D-Laser Processing of Spatially Curved Profiles
Authors: Fleischer Jürgen , Kies Steffen , Munzinger Christian , Rilli Raphael
Published: March 2009

Due to economical, ecological and functional reasons, lightweight-construction is
continuously gaining importance. Therefore, lightweight space frames made of pipe profiles are subsequently of higher importance in today’s technology. Today, the lower limits of the production range of lightweight space frames are set by joining processes that require jigs. For a flexible variation in a small-scale production, the use of latching elements for the pre-attachment in the jigfree assembly of frame structures serves as a good approach. In consideration of the analysis of the
actual situation this article takes up this approach and points out the potential enabled by latching elements. Subsequently, the implementation of laser cutting will be motivated and the results of the first experiments on reinforced and unreinforced profiles will be discussed. To conclude this article, the challenges and approaches for the integration of this procedure to an existing handling and machining kinematics will be pointed out, and finally the implementation potentials of the procedure within an entire process-chain will also be mentioned.
Laser Bifocal Hybrid Welding of Aluminum
Authors: Trautmann Andreas , Zäh Michael F.
Published: March 2009

This paper renders research into the fundamentals governing the melt pool dynamics of a hybrid bifocal laser welding system consisting of an Nd:YAG and a high power diode laser (HPDL). The resulting superposition of keyhole by heat conduction mode welding is assayed for extruded aluminum. In particular the diffusion of the surface oxygen layer is considered. By comparing the results attainable by bifocal laser hybrid welding to the constituent laser processes
synergetic effects of the laser hybrid can be demonstrated. These are namely the doubling of the welding speed from 2.0 min-1 to 4.0 m min-1, the reduction of the roughness of the weld surface from 60 om to approximately 10 om and an increase in energy transfer efficiency. The experimental investigations verifying these synergies are outlined and discussed.
Joining by Forming of Lightweight Frame Structures
Authors: Homberg Werner , Marré Michael , Beerwald Charlotte , Kleiner Matthias
Published: March 2009

Joining of lightweight frame structures in small quantities is subject to specific
conditions, which are exemplarily determined for joining by forming processes. Experimental investigations have been carried out to evaluate both feasibility and capability of joining by forming processes. Joining has been accomplished by compressing or expanding cylindrical profiles using rigid tools for rolling-in processes, fluid active medium for hydro-forming as well as active energy
for electromagnetic forming.
LPE Growth of Textured KNbO3 Film Using SrTiO3 Substrate and V2O5 Flux
Authors: Hibino T. , Kakimoto Kenichi , Ohsato Hitoshi
Published: March 2009

KNbO3 thin films were grown on (100) and (110) SrTiO3 substrates by liquid phase
epitaxy (LPE) technique. The film orientation and surface morphology were characterized by XRD
and AFM, respectively. The limited phase diagram of K2O-Nb2O5-V2O5 system was prepared by
DTA measurement to investigate the effect of V2O5 flux on the LPE growth of KNbO3 film. The use
of V2O5 flux enhanced a film growth rate at lower growth temperature.
Electrical Conductivity of Barium-Doped α-Alumina
Authors: Okuyama Yuji , Kurita Noriaki , Fukatsu Norihiko
Published: March 2009

The phenomenon of the incorporation of hydrogen into a single crystal of 0.1 mol%
Ba-doped α-alumina was studied using IR absorption analysis. A large wide band of IR absorption
was observed. This band was attributed to the stretching vibration of the OH bond. The electrical
conductivity of the specimens has been measured by the two-probe ac technique in the temperature
range 1073-1673K. The H/D-isotope effect on the conductivity was observed. It was found that the
dominant charge carrier of barium doped α -alumina is proton under the reducing atmosphere
containing hydrogen.
Comparative Photocatalytic Study of TiO2 Coatings on Al Fiber
Authors: Luo L. , Miao Lei , Tanemura Sakae , Tanemura Masaki , Kawasaki Miwa
Published: March 2009

The photocatalytic effects of 4 samples, which TiO2 layer uniformly coated on Al fiber, are
evaluated by NOx removal. An anatase TiO2 coating with good crystal quality and high Ti content
exhibits the best photocatalytic effect on NOx removal. It is coincidence with the results of XRD, XPS
results for 4 samples. The photocatalytic ability is enhanced by the introduction of H2O2 due to the
formation of large amount OH radicals.
Effects of Indium Incorporation on the Optical Properties of ZnO Films
Authors: Cao Yong Ge , Miao Lei , Tanemura Sakae , Hayashi Yasuhiko , Tanemura Masaki
Published: March 2009

Transparent indium-doped ZnO (IZO) films with low In content (<6at%) were fabricated
through radio-frequency (rf) helicon magnetron sputtering. Formation of In-Zn-O solid solution was
confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Incorporation of indium into ZnO films enhances the
optical transmission in the visible wavelength. The optical band-gaps slightly increase from 3.25eV
(ZnO) to 3.28eV (In0.04Zn0.96O) and to 3.30eV (In0.06Zn0.94O) due to Burstain-Moss effect. The
Urbach tail parameter E0, which is believed to be a function of structural disorder, increases from
79meV (ZnO), to 146meV (In0.04Zn0.96O), and to 173meV (In0.06Zn0.94O), which is consistent with
increase of Full-Width Half-Maximum (FWHM) in corresponding XRD patterns. Decreasing in
crystal quality with increasing indium concentration is also confirmed by photoluminescence spectra.
Photochromic Ag-TiO2 Thin Films Fabricated by Dual-Target Helicon Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Miao Lei , Jiang T. , Tanemura Sakae , Tanemura Masaki , Mori M. , Toh S. , Kaneko Kenji
Published: March 2009

Photochromic material Ag-TiO2 thin films are fabricated on quartz substrate by dual -target
helicon magnetron sputtering. The phototchromic behavior is investigated for the sample loaded with
90% Ag. Spheres, ellipsoids and polyhedra shape of Ag particles with wide range size (5∼100 nm) are
dispersed in the TiO2 amorphous matrix observed by transmission electron microscopy. The spectral
hole burned by the irradiation of laser at the wavelength 532 nm can be explained by a
particle-plasmon-assisted electron transfer from Ag nanoparticles to TiO2 and subsequent trapping by
adsorbed molecular oxygen. Moreover, the mechanism of the slow recovery after photochromism is
suggested as a slow thermal release of electrons from oxygen trapping centers and subsequent capture
into the Ag nanoparticles.
Exciton-Phonon Interaction in CuAlS2 Powders
Authors: Kuroki Yuichiro , Osada Minoru , Kato Ariyuki , Okamoto Tomoichiro , Takata Masasuke
Published: March 2009

High-resolution photoluminescence (PL) measurement was carried out for copper
aluminum disulfide (CuAlS2) powder at 12 K. Several sharp PL lines were observed in the range
from 3.580 to 3.320 eV. The emission peaks at photon energies from 3.566 to 3.459 eV were
attributed to free-exciton (FE) and bound-excitons (BE). The several weak emissions at below
3.476 eV were clarified to be phonon replicas (PR) by Raman scattering and in the viewpoint of
exciton-phonon interaction. We observed the one, two and three-phonon replicas related to E(LO, TO)
and B2(LO, TO) vibrational modes in chalcopyrite structure. It was suggested that the strong
interaction between excitons and optical phonons took place in obtained CuAlS2 powder.
Absorption and Fluorescence Properties of Sol-Gel Based Nanostructured Transparent Conducting Oxide Films on Silica Glass
Authors: Biswas Prasanta Kumar
Published: March 2009

Nanostructured transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films such as tin doped indium oxide
(ITO), antimony doped tin oxide (ATO), tin doped cadmium oxide (CTO) were deposited on suprasil
grade pure silica glass from their respective precursors with wide variation of dopant concentration,
10, 30, 50, 70 at. % and their optical properties have been studied. The films were obtained by thermal
curing (350 - 500°C) in air. If the cluster size be decreased to nanoscale then blue shift of bulk band
gap occurs due to the quantum confinement effect of the semiconducting TCO materials. Free carrier
concentration of ITO and ATO films were in the order of 1019 cc-1. The Moss-Burstein shift occurred
in each case. The photoluminescence (PL) behaviour of the nanostructured materials revealed
emissions for the HOMO-LUMO excitonic transitions. This was identified by selecting the excitation
energy according to the photoluminescence excitonic transitions (PLE).
Fabrication of Carbon Aerogels
Authors: Feng Y.N. , Miao Lei , Cao Yong Ge , Nishi T. , Tanemura Sakae , Tanemura Masaki , Suzuki K.
Published: March 2009

RF (Resorcinol-Formaldehyde) aerogels and carbon aerogels were prepared through the sol-gel method following the routes of polymerization, gelation, supercritical drying and pyrolysis processes. The influence of fabrication parameters on the textural structure of the samples, e.g., specific surface area, pore size, and pore size distribution, etc., were systematically investigated. With a decrease in the R/F molar ratio, or an increase in the catalyst content within a limited range, the porosity of the nanostructure materials increases. The optimal temperature of pyrolysis for RF aerogel was investigated by TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis).
Preparation of Red Long Afterglow Phosphorescent Material CaTiO3: Pr3+
Authors: Li Min , Jin Ri Guang , Yang Ru , Li You Fen , Liu Jia Xiang
Published: March 2009

CaTiO3:Pr3+ was prepared by high temperature solid state reaction and measured by SEM,
XRD, excitation and emission spectra. The samples obtained possessed orthorhombic crystal
structure of CaTiO3, belonging to Pbnm space group. Excitation spectra of the samples were broad
band, their peaks and shoulder peaks were located at about 335nm, 379nm respectively. Emission
spectra were single narrow band, emission peaks were located at about 602nm, corresponding to
emission of 1D2→3H4 of Pr3+ion. The addition of Eu3+and Dy3+ as co-activator led phosphorescent
intensity to greatly enhance, the addition of AgNO3 as ion compensator made the samples material
pink and vibrant.
Particle Size Control in Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nano Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Yang Lei , Ning Xiao Shan , Jia W.W. , Chen Ke Xin , Zhou He Ping
Published: March 2009

Sol-gel method is one of the most potential techniques for mass-production of nano
hydroxyapatite. In this paper, particle size control techniques, including dripping speed control,
addition of several dispersants such as ammonium citrate, castor oil and silane coupling agent, as
well as usage of insoluble and water soluble starch additives, were investigated. The particle size
and microstructures of as synthesized hydroxyapatite were studied by X-ray diffraction, Scanning
electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The results indicated that all the control
techniques had considerable effects on decreasing the crystallite size, and the starch additives also
exhibited obvious effect on preventing the agglomeration of nano crystallites during the
synthesizing process.
Amorphous Calcium Silicate Coating on Metallic Titanium
Authors: Ghaith El-Sayed , Kasuga Toshihiro , Nogami Masayuki
Published: March 2009

Amorphous calcium silicate coating on a metallic titanium substrate for hard tissue replacement was prepared by a sol-gel method. Calcium silicate film was deposited on a titanium substrate by a spin-coating technique and subsequently heated at 500°C for 2 h in air. The deposited film, which was dense, had thickness of about 800 nm and strongly adhered to the substrate. Biomimetic apatite-forming ability of the deposited films was examined by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). Thin film X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of apatite on the surface after 10 days of soaking in SBF.
Apatite-Coated Poly(lactic acid) Composites with Cell-Compatibility Prepared by a Biomimetic Method
Authors: Maeda Hirotaka , Kasuga Toshihiro
Published: March 2009

A new type of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/calcium carbonates hybrid membrane incorporated
with silicon, which is suggested to stimulate the formation of bones, was prepared using
aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) for bone repair materials. Carboxyl groups in PLA made a
chemical bond with amino groups in APTES, resulting in the formation of the hybrid membrane. The
membrane formed hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) on its surface after 3 days of soaking in simulated
body fluid (SBF). X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy showed the HCA layer includes Si with Ca
and P. A result of osteoblast-like cellular proliferation on the substrates that the membrane coated
with silicon-containing HCA had much higher cell-proliferation ability than the membrane.
SiCOI Structure Fabricated by Hot-Mesh Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Yasui Kanji , Kurimoto T. , Takata Masasuke , Akahane Tadashi
Published: March 2009

The growth of 3C-SiC on thermal oxide layer of Si (SiO2) was investigated by hot-mesh
(HM) chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which utilizes hot tungsten (W) wires of a mesh structure as
a catalyzer. The SiC films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the XRD
spectra of SiC films grown on SiO2 layer, (100) oriented SiC films were grown at the substrate
temperatures of 750-800°C and the mesh temperature of 1600°C, while polycrystalline SiC films
were grown at the substrate temperature above 900°C. From the data of FT-IR, TEM and the growth
rate, the growth characteristics of SiC crystal by HMCVD were discussed.
Epitaxial Growth of Hexagonal GaN Films on SiC/Si Substrates by Hot-Mesh CVD Method
Authors: Takahashi Kazuki , Yasui Kanji , Suemitsu Maki , Kato Ariyuki , Kuroki Yuichiro , Takata Masasuke , Akahane Tadashi
Published: March 2009

Gallium nitride (GaN) films were grown on SiC/Si(111) substrates by hot-mesh chemical
vapor deposition (CVD) using trimethylgallium (TMG) and ammonia (NH3). A SiC buffer layer
was formed by carbonization on the Si(111) substrates using propane (C3H8). GaN epitaxial films
were grown on the SiC layer by the reaction between NHx radicals generated on a tungsten
hot-mesh surface and TMG molecules. From the X-ray diffraction pattern, the GaN epitaxial films
grown by the two- or three-step growth technique at the substrate temperatures of 600°C and 800°C
to 1000°C and the hot-mesh temperature of 1200°C showed good crystallinity. Photoluminescence
spectra of GaN films grown by the three step growth technique showed a strong near-band-edge
emission and a weak yellow luminescence.
Synthesis and Characterization of Diiron(II) Complex with the Asymmetric Ligand Fixed into Internal Surface of Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Kajita Yuji , Tsujimura Reiko , Arii Hidekazu , Konaka Masumi , Okumura Takeshi , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Tomohiro , Masuda Hideki
Published: March 2009

A new diferrous complex with asymmetric coordination sites, [Fe2(μ-OBz)(L)](ClO4)2 (1)
(L = N,N-bis(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)-N’,N’-bis(6-pivalamido-2-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-diaminopropan-
2-ol), was synthesized, which was immobilized in the internal surface of mesoporous silica
(FSM-16) to construct a functional material (1A). The reaction of 1 with O2 in acetone at –50°C
generated a peroxo complex 2 [λmax = 589 nm (ε = 2200 M-1 cm-1), ν16O-16O = 890 and 908 cm-1
(ν18O-18O = 852 cm-1)]. The μ-peroxo complex 2 was decomposed by bubbling of Ar gas without
releasing O2, but the reaction of 1A with O2 at ambient temperature also formed a peroxo complex
(2A) without decomposition. The reflectance spectrum of 2A showed a band assignable to the LMCT
band from peroxo to a Fe(III) ion at 588 nm. Compound 2A is very stable, whose half-life time is 45
min, in contrast to a short life of 2 (310 sec). 2A released dioxygen by heating up to 75°C in vacuo,
which was regenerated by bubbling of dioxygen at ambient temperature.
Fabrication and Characterization of SiC-C Biomorphic Materials
Authors: Cheung Teresa L.Y. , Ng Dickon H.L.
Published: March 2009

Biomorphic SiO2/C and SiC/C composites containing SiO2 nanorods and SiC nanowires,
respectively, with natural wood structure maintained in the final products were fabricated by a
simple and low cost method. Freshly cut Luk bamboo was used as the starting material and was
converted to charcoal bio-templates by pyrolysis. Infiltration of Si-containing metal-organic solution
was then conducted by soaking the bio-templates into the solution for a few days. Finally, by high
temperature annealing, biomorphic composites were produced. It was found that C, SiC, and SiO2
micron-sized spheres or nanorods, depending on the annealing duration, were present in the samples
annealed at 1200°C; whereas only C, and SiC nanowires were present in the samples annealed at
1400°C.
TiO2 Photocatalytic Micro-Channel Reactors Using Capillary Plates
Authors: Teekateerawej Sittidej , Nishino Junichi , Nosaka Yoshio
Published: March 2009

Inner surface of capillary plates (CP) was coated with TiO2 to fabricate a micro-channel
reactor with 6-μm diameter. Titania sol was used to coat the surface of channel wall of CP and then it
was calcined at 400°C for 4 h. The photocatalytic micro-channel reactors were evaluated by
measuring the decomposition rate of methyleneblue (MB) in aqueous solution circulating at the rate
ranging from 1.2 to 5.8 cm3 min-1. The TiO2-coated CP showed a larger efficiency in decomposing
MB solution, comparing with the previously reported reactor using porous ceramics. The reaction rate
increased with the flow rate, while it decreased at higher flow rates for the previous reactor.
Synthesis of Mononuclear Non-Heme Iron(III)-Hydroperoxo Complex as an Oxidative Catalyst
Authors: Fujii Tatsuya , Ozawa Tomohiro , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Masuda Hideki
Published: March 2009

Mononuclear FeII complex [FeII(ppba)]2+ (ppba = (6-pivalamido-2-pyridylmethyl)
(2-pyridylmethyl)tert-butylamine) (1) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The
addition of H2O2 (10eq) to an acetone solution of 1 at -78°C generated FeIIIPPBA-OOH species,
accompanied by a color change from pale yellow to reddish purple, which showed an intense
absorption band corresponding to LMCT band (HOO- to Fe) at 528 nm (ε = 1120 M-1cm-1). The ESR
spectrum for FeIIIPPBA-OOH species (g// = 4.22, g⊥ = 7.70 in acetone at 77 K) was typical of a
high-spin FeIII species, suggesting that the FeIIIPPBA-OOH species is maintained as a mononuclear
complex in the solution state. The resonance Raman spectra, when H2
16O2 and H2
18O2 were used,
exhibited intense bands characteristic to the O-O stretching vibrations at 880 cm-1 ν(16O-16O) and 824
cm-1 ν(18O-18O), respectively. These findings suggest that FeIIIPPBA-OOH species is
[FeIII(ppba)(OOH)]2+ (2). In order to understand the catalytic reactivity of complex 2, oxidative
reactions for some organic substrates by complex 2 were carried out in the presence of H2O2;
thioanisole was oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone, respectively, and furthermore,
cyclohexene was converted to cyclohexene oxide, cyclohexenol and cyclohexenone.
Structure and Characterization of Fe(III) Complexes with a Square Planar Ligand and the Effect by the Introduction of External Monodentate Axial Ligands
Authors: Okumura Takeshi , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Tomohiro , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Masuda Hideki
Published: March 2009

A square planar iron complex with H2babp was synthesized and its coordination behaviors with monodentate axial ligands were studied. Cl– or imidazole ligand coordinated at the axial positions of the complex, but pyridine could not be introduced. The heterocyclic nitrogen donors, such as pyridine and imidazole, abstracted the amide protons of the ligand H2babp [1]. The oxidation reactivity was controlled by the presence or absence of amide protons of planar ligand H2babp rather than the axial ligands. The oxidation of cyclohexene by their complexes in the presence of PhIO proceeded catalytically when the iron complexes with protonated H2babp was used, while only a slight amount of oxidation products were obtained when the complexes with deprotonated babp2– were used.
Theoretical Estimation of Catalytic Reactivity as Iron-Oxygen Nano-Materials
Authors: Honda Yasutaka , Arii Hidekazu , Ozawa Tomohiro , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Masuda Hideki
Published: March 2009

With a view to understanding the reactivity of the μ-peroxo diiron(III) complexes in
biological oxidation enzymes, such as soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and
ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), cis-μ-1,2- and trans-μ-1,2-peroxo diiron complexes were
theroretically treated by the use of DFT calculation. Full-optimizations of the structures were
carried out using the initial structures of (μ-O2-)(μ-CH3COO-)(μ-O2
2-)[FeIII(A3CY)]2
+ and (μ-O2
2-
)[FeIII(A3CY)Cl2]2 (A3CY = cis,cis-1,3,5-tris-amino-cyclohexane) for cis- and trans-forms,
respectively, by minimizing their total energies. The O-O stretching vibrations were estimated for
both isomers; the 16O-16O stretching frequencies for peroxo diiron complexes with cis- and transforms
were 840 and 769 cm-1, respectively, which showed an isotope shift to 791 and 724 cm-1,
respectively, by the use of 18O2
2- in the place of 16O2
2-. The structure/function relationship for them
was discussed.
Precipitation Photografting of Functional Monomer LiAA on Polypropylene Film Surface
Authors: Peng Ying , Deng Jian Ping , Yang Wan Tai
Published: March 2009

Lithium acrylate (LiAA) was applied as a functional monomer to modify the surface
properties of polypropylene films via photografting polymerization in a precipitation reaction
system. Two-step photografting polymerization technique was adopted with benzophenone (BP) as
the photoinitiator and methanol as the solvent. ATR-FITR spectra proved the occurrence of grafting
polymerization of LiAA on the substrate. Gravimetric analysis was performed to investigate the
influences of some important factors on the photografting polymerization of LiAA. SEM was
utilized to investigate the topography of the grafted film. The experimental results indicated that
elongation of the irradiation time could increase the grafting yield (Yg) and Yg performed a
maximum at a certain concentration of LiAA. SEM images showed that regular particles evenly
dispersed on the surface of the grafted film.
Property of Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber Catalyzed by a Novel Rh-Ru Bimetallic System
Authors: Yao Ming , Zhang Dong Heng , Xu Rui Qing , Hsu Kuei Hsien , Zhong Yu Zhen
Published: March 2009

Rh-Ru bimetallic complex is a novel catalyst used to hydrogenate nitrile rubber, which
has high activity and high selectivity. Hydrogenated nitrile rubber with a degree of hydrogenation
over 99% and gel-free was obtained using this homogeneous catalyst. In this paper, relative
molecular weight and mechanical properties of three types of HNBR, including HNBR
hydrogenated by Rh-Ru bimetallic catalyst, Therban A3406 and Zetpol 2000L, were analyzed and
compared. The results showed that the relative molecular weight of HNBR increased a little after
hydrogenation compared to NBR, its mechanical properties were superior to those of Therban
A3406 and Zetpol 2000L, and their oil resistant and rheological curves at 130°C and 140°C in the
range of shear rate 0∼100s-1 were similar.
Quantitative Analysis Methods of Thiirane/Epoxy Resin of Bisphenol A
Authors: Li Ya Feng , Cheng Jue
Published: March 2009

Thiirane is usually synthesized by epoxy resin, and there are considerable content of epoxy mixed in thiirane because of the poor yields. In this article, a novel separation method was used to get pure episulfide compound and epoxy compound from thiirane/epoxy resin synthesized in our lab. Furthermore, the perfect 1H NMR spectra of pure episulfide compound and epoxide compound were obtained. The quantitative analysis of content of epoxy groups in thiirane/epoxy resin was performed by using FTIR and was testified by 1H NMR. It was found that the analytical results of the conversion of epoxy groups by the two methods above coincided with each other well.
Influence of Pretreatment on Cerium Conversion Coatings of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Lv Qin Xiu , Zhang Xiao Feng , Tang Yu Ming , Zhao Jing Mao , Zuo Yu
Published: March 2009

With the certain deposition process, the conversion coatings by four different
pretreatments on LF21 were studied. The morphology and the chemical composition of the
conversion coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion
resistance was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the salt spray test.
The results showed that the different pretreatments had obvious effect on the cerium conversion
coatings. For the certain deposition process, the optimal pretreatment process was identified.
Structural Chemistry of Alkaline Earth Aluminate Phosphors
Authors: Fukuda Koichiro , Fukushima K. , Iwata T.
Published: March 2009

Crystal structures of SrAl2O4, BaAl2O4 and their solid solutions have been reviewed in terms of the linkage pattern of [AlO4] tetrahedra. With SrAl2O4 the hexagonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation occurs at 950K during cooling. The space group change from P63 to its subgroup P21 eliminates the triad axis of the former phase, which involves a reduction in the symmetry of the trigonally distorted rings. The hexagonal structures of SrAl2O4 and BaAl2O4 differ distinctly in the linkage pattern of the [AlO4] tetrahedra. In the former structure, all of the tetrahedral rings are equivalent. In the latter, there are two types of tetrahedral rings; trigonal rings and asymmetrical ones. The trigonal rings, comprising 25% of the total number of rings, contain in their centers the Ba atoms with the special position. This implies that the triad axes exist in the centers of the rings, and hence they are distorted trigonally as in the hexagonal SrAl2O4. On the other hand, the Ba atoms in the asymmetrical rings are located at the general position site. The structural disorder in Ba0.6Sr0.4Al2O4 (space group P6322) was investigated by the combined use of Rietveld method and maximum-entropy method. The electron density distribution was satisfactorily expressed by the split-atom model, in which the strontium/barium and oxygen atoms were split to occupy the lower symmetry sites.
Normal and Abnormal Grain Growth in Ceramics - NbC-Co and Alumina
Authors: Lee Jong Hoon , Chu Min Cheol , Cho Seong Jai , Yoon Duk Yong
Published: March 2009

Normal and abnormal grain growth has been observed in 70NbC-30Co with varying B concentrations at 1450°C and in alumina with varying impurity and additive concentrations at 1600°C -1650°C as typical systems with and without liquid matrix. The grain growth behavior depends on the roughening of the interfaces as indicated by the grain and grain boundary shapes. When 4% B is added to 70NbC-30Co, the NbC grains in Co-rich liquid matrix are spherical and undergo diffusion controlled normal growth, because the grain-liquid interface is rough. As the B concentration is decreased to 3, 2, 1, and 0%, the NbC grains become more cubic and the tendency for abnormal grain growth increases because of the step growth mechanism of the flat singular surface segments. When compacts of high purity alumina powder are sintered at 1650°C, the grain boundaries are smoothly curved, indicating their atomically rough structures. With increasing impurity content—in particular SiO2—in the alumina powder, abnormal grain growth becomes more pronounced with increasing number of flat grain boundaries. These singular grain boundaries are expected to move by a step mechanism and thus cause the abnormal grain growth. These results show that the interface roughening and hence the grain growth mode changes gradually with the additive or impurity concentrations. Therefore, the abnormal grain growth cannot be sharply distinguished from the normal grain growth as has been previously suggested in general and for alumina in particular.
Novel Porous 3D Network Structure Formed by Self-Assembly of Tetrakis(phthalimide) Palladium(II) Complex
Authors: Ichieda Naoko , Kamimura Tetsuya , Yamaguchi Syuhei , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Tomohiro , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Masuda Hideki
Published: March 2009

A disodium tetrakis(phthalimide) palladium(II) complex, [Na2Pd(phthal)4] (1), was synthesized by reaction of four phthalimide molecules with Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of Et3N. The above and below axial sites of the Pd coordination plane formed the spaces suitable for capturing Na+ ions, which were coordinated with the four imidato oxygen atoms. The complex 1 was linked through the Na+ ions bridged by the water molecules, building an infinite chain structure along the crystallographic a axis. The four phthalimidato moieties contacted in the four orthogonal directions together through their π-π stacking interaction. Such a self-assembly of molecule 1 constructed nanopores with a pore size of ca. 3 × 4 Å in the crystals.
Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Fiber/Vinyl Ester Resin Composite Used for Sucker Rods
Authors: Zhou Tong Yue , Yu Yun Hua , Chen Wei Ming , Yang Xiao Ping
Published: March 2009

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of carbon fiber/vinyl ester resin composite
(CF/VE), which has been used for sucker rods in the oil field, was studied under an immersion
condition of 3% NaCl aqueous solution at 65°C. Galvanic corrosion experiment between the CF/VE
composite and the alloy used as joints linking the composite sucker rods and metal suckers was
performed. The results show that in a polarization system, there are a cathode reaction of oxygen
absorption on the surface of the composite and an anode reaction, which is mainly depended on the
concentration of the hydroxyl (OH¯). A slight acceleration of the absorption behavior and the
decrease in the mechanical properties of the CF/VE composite are caused by the galvanic corrosion.
Hemp Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites
Authors: Tong Yuan Jian , Xu Liang Hua
Published: March 2009

Non-woven hemp fiber mat has been used to reinforce unsaturated polyester to make natural fiber composites. Thermal properties of the hemp fiber mat were investigated to discover the range of heat treatment temperatures suitable for the hemp fiber mat. Loss of weight during heat treatment and absorption of moisture from the environment during storage of the hemp fiber mat were also studied. Both hand lay-up technique and compression molding were used to make hemp mat composites. Due to the low fiber fraction, no significant reinforcing effect was found in the composite made by the hand lay-up technique. The effects of heat treatment of fibers, water content in the fibers, fiber fraction, and manufacture methods on tensile properties of the resulted composites were investigated. Hemp mat composites with tensile strength and modulus comparable to those of [±45°]4 glass fiber reinforced polyester were achieved by compression molding at a molding pressure of 2MPa.
Design and Preparation of Rubber Ideal Filler
Authors: Zhou Jian Jun , Liu Ya Kang , Zhao Wei , Wu You Ping , Zhang Li Qun
Published: March 2009

Since rubber was applied in people’s normal life, researchers have started to exploit the rubber reinforcing techniques and the relative mechanism. Developing high-effective, simple and economical reinforcing methods and fillers are the emphasis of rubber industry, technology and science. In this paper a rubber ideal filler (IF) is shown. This IF is a kind of composite with core-shell structure which was synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization. It used styrene (St), polybutadiene oligomer (PBD) as monomers and divinyl benzene (DVB) as cross-linking agent. The effect of the amount of cross-linking agent, concentration of emulsifier and initiator on the stability of the emulsion was studied. The morphology of the latex particles with core-shell structure was characterized by high resolution SEM (ESEM) and DSC (Tg). The results showed that cross-linking polymeric particles exhibited strong reinforcing effect on styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Using MCM-41 Mesoporous Silica as Template
Authors: Lin Chun Fu , Zhang X. , Lin Hong , Wang Ning , Li Jian Bao , Yang Xiao Zhan
Published: March 2009

Mesoporous carbon with high surface area and ordered structure was synthesized via a
nanocasting process using mesoprous MCM-41 silica as a template and sucrose as a carbon
precursor. Sample was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and nitrogen adsorption. The results
show that the templated carbon has a BTE surface area ∼1200 m2/g, a pore volume ∼1.0 cm3/g, and
a bimodal porosity centered at around 4 nm and 46 nm.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hollow Silica via PMMA as Template
Authors: Song Ji Rui , Wen Li Xiong , Chen Jian Feng , Ding Hao Min
Published: March 2009

Submicrosized porous hollow silica spheres with a diameter of 350 nm and a shell thickness of approximately 10 nm were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using PMMA hollow particles as template. Through the hydrolysis of TEOS, a continuous and uniform coating of SiO2 was deposited over the surface of PMMA cores to form the core-shell structures. After calcining to remove the template, a pure hollow silica structure with holes in the shells was obtained. The as-prepared hollow products were characterized with TEM, SEM, EDS, BET and FT-IR. Its large surface area and hollow morphology will make this new material a promising agent for the applications of catalysts, controlled drug delivery and etc.
Preparation of Nanocrystalline Copper Powders by Aqueous Reduction
Authors: Qin Ying , Zhang Peng Yuan , Chen Jian Feng
Published: March 2009

This paper aims at a simple preparation method of nanocrystalline copper powders
through copper sulfate reduction by potassium borohydride in aqueous solution. The product
powders obtained in various conditions were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission
electron microscope and particle size distribution analyzer. The parameters that influence the
preparation process of copper crystalline were researched, such as the effect of complexing agent,
the molar ratio of copper sulfate to potassium borohydride and the quantity of protective polymer.
Finally, the preferable reaction conditions were determined, and well-dispersed nanocrystalline
copper powders with average diameter of 28.4nm were obtained.
Synthesis and Gas-Sensing Character of SnOx Cluster-Assembled Films
Authors: Hihara Takehiko , Matsukawa H. , Peng Dong Liang , Sumiyama K.
Published: March 2009

Nanometric SnOx cluster-assembled films prepared by a plasma-gas-condensation cluster deposition apparatus have been examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrical resistance. TEM observation showed that those clusters were almost spherical and size-monodispersive with a mean cluster size of 10 nm. The high-resolution TEM images indicated that the films were composed of randomly oriented nanocrystallites and that their surface roughness retained the traces of the original SnOx clusters. The electrical resistance of the SnOx cluster-assembled film decreased with decreasing partial O2 gas pressure. This result suggests that the intergranular potential barriers were responsible for the resisitvity variation. The activation energy estimated from the temperature-dependent resistivity was 0.75 eV for 330 K < T < 410 K under the partial O2 gas pressure of 0.02 MPa.
Effect of Bi2O3 Content on the Structure and the Properties of B2O3-BaO-ZnO Glasses
Authors: Lu Fei , Lu An Xian , Huang G.F.
Published: March 2009

Glasses in the Bi2O3-B2O3-BaO-ZnO system were prepared using the normal melt quenching technology. The structure of the glasses was analyzed by using of the infrared spectra within the range 2000∼400cm-1. The relation among the properties such as density (D), thermal expansion coefficient (α) and transition temperature (Tg), Bi2O3 introducing content and structure of the glass have been discussed.
Preparation and Characterization of RF/SiO2 Hybrid Aerogel by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Chen Xiao Hong , Yang Shuang Xi , Song Huai He
Published: March 2009

A novel organic and inorganic hybrid aerogel of RF/SiO2 is synthesized by one-step
method of sol-gel polycondensation reaction using resorcinol-formaldehyde and tetramethoxysilane
(TMOS) in ethanol solution, followed by supercritical drying with petroleum ether. The influence of
the ratio of raw material on the structure and properties of samples was studied by high resolution
electron microscope (HREM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption and infrared ray technology (IR). The
results showed that the network structures of RF/SiO2 hybrid aerogels were constituted by an
intercross framework of RF and SiO2. The hybrid aerogels can be tuned in bulk density from 0.098
g/cm3 to 0.062 g/cm3 according to the ratio of raw materials. The data of nitrogen
adsorption-desorption showed that BET specific surface area was changed from 254 cm2/g to 545
cm2/g, and the pore size of aerogels was in the wide range of 2-10 nm. The investigation of IR
spectrum analysis exhibited that there were no chemical bonds formed between SiO2 and RF
aerogel.
Preparation and Optical Characterization of Particle Multilayer with Coherent Structure
Authors: Kato A. , Hase K. , Tanaka Masayoshi , Kinoshita Takatoshi
Published: March 2009

Monodisperse polystyrene (PS) particle multilayer with coherent structure wasconstructed
by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method. The reflectance spectra of the particle multilayer with various
incident angles indicated that the constructed particle multilayer showed a typical optical character of
the conventional multilayer having different refractive index. It was suggested that the particle
multilayer was treated as a multilayer constructed by polymer layer and air layer. The fact was
strongly supported by a simulation of the corresponding model, which was designed for analyzing
optical characterization of the particle multilayer. The refractive index of the particle multilayer with
nickel ion was also discussed by simulation, suggesting that a theoretical designing of the particle
multilayer with various refractive index would be possible. It was also suggested that coordination of
metal ion on the surface of the particle would be enhanced its contribution for increasing the refractive
index.
Construction of Self-Organized Interface via Monodisperse Block Copolypeptide Amphiphile
Authors: Niwa T. , Tanaka Masayoshi , Kinoshita Takatoshi
Published: March 2009

In order to construct an intelligent functional nano-interface, the self-organized structure
of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). As a building
block, a monodisperse loop-helix-helix triblock copolypeptide containing the helix of which
hydrophobic L-leucine residues align on a single face, “leucine zipper”, was synthesized by
recombinant DNA techniques with a designed amino acid sequence. AFM observation on the surface
structure of LB films constructed at surface pressures of 2, 5 and 18 mN/m revealed that structural
transition from ring- or disk-like aggregations to a lane-like fabrication occurred with compression of
the copolypeptide membrane on the water of pH 4. The leucine zipper in the copolypeptide was
suggested to perform as an important basis for nanostructure formation through a hydrophobic
interaction. Exploitation of the recognition and specific binding sites in the copolypeptide will allow
the self-assembling mechanism of the copolypeptide to be developed to a novel nano-template.
Orientation Factor of Grain Oriented Bismuth Titanate Prepared in High Magnetic Field
Authors: Makiya Atsushi , Tanaka Satoshi , Kato Zenji , Uchida Nozomu , Kimura T. , Kitazawa Koichi , Uematsu Keizo
Published: March 2009

This paper shows a very promising approach for developing the structure of grain
orientation through weak magnetic interaction of ceramics particles in a high magnetic field. Grain
oriented bismuth titanate ceramics was successfully developed through a processing in a high
magnetic field. XRD and SEM show that c-axes of particles were oriented perpendicular to the
applied magnetic field. The orientation structure developed by sintering, and the orientation factor
achieved 0.85 as determined using the Lotgering method.
Water Desorption from Magnesium Oxide Films Fabricated by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Kawaguchi S. , Namiki K.C. , Ohshio S. , Nishino Junichi , Saitoh H.
Published: March 2009

Magnesium oxide (MgO) films are utilized for the anti-plasma sputtering coating with
excellent ability of secondary electron emission in plasma display panels (PDP). These properties
are degraded by the impurities adsorbed on the film surface. Therefore, we should obtain
impurity-free surface during the PDP manufacturing process. We have synthesized whisker and
continuous film types of metal oxide using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method operated
under atmosphere. In this study, a temperature programmed desorption method has been applied to
detect residual species adsorbed on the surface of the present films in the ultra-high vacuum
atmosphere. The amount of water adsorption was determined by this method.
Fabrication of TiO2-Aerogel with NiB Nano-Clusters and Its Structural Characterization and Catalysis Evaluation
Authors: Nishi T. , Tanemura Sakae , Miao Lei , Tanemura Masaki , Suzuki K.
Published: March 2009

We have prepared titania aerogel (=AG) embedded by NiB nano-clusters by sol-gel method, immersion of the prepared wet gel into the NiB dispersed solution, and the subsequent super critical drying (=SCD). The AG was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), a transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR). XRD and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns assured the formation of TiO2 anatase phase. TEM observation reveled the composition of TiO2 crystallites with about 4 nm in size. Catalyst performance for the ground sample was confirmed by chemical reaction of oxidation of benzene at low temperature, and the difference in catalyst performance between TiO2 AGs with and without the embedded NiB nano-clusters has been examined.
Process Control of Loss Factor in Soft Materials
Authors: Wu Jun Hao , Ikarashi Yoshitaka , Fujii Shuji , Kawahara Seiichi , Isono Yoshinobu
Published: March 2009

Loss tangent defined by the ratio of loss modulus to storage modulus, G”/G’, is widely
used as a measure of energy loss for rubber materials. We can expect high loss tangent due to
unstable state of polymer chains in large deformation. However, chemical cross-linking is usually
introduced in no deformation where we cannot expect high loss tangent. Even if introduced in
deformed state, polymer chains take relaxation before completion of cross-linking. In this study,
hence, a novel two-step cure has been proposed. The loss tangent by two-step cure has been found
to be higher than that by one-step cure in no deformation, showing effectiveness of the process
proposed.
Thermo-Chemical Reactions of Modified PAN Fibers during Heat-Treatment Process
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Jie , Liang Jie Ying
Published: March 2009

Thermo-chemical reactions of modified PAN fibers during heat-treatment process were
systematically studied by DSC, FT-IR, EA, XPS, etc. Comparing with original PAN fibers,
chemical reactions, structures and elemental compositions of fibers modified with potassium
permanganate (KMnO4) were all changed at a certain extent. KMnO4 had reduced the activation
energy of cyclization reactions, decreased the area and widened the peak of exothermic curve,
decreased the velocity of cyclization reaction, increased the oxygen content about 67%, hence
increased C-O-C and C=O groups and the core/shell ratio.