bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations of Renal Cell Carcinoma Subtype with Patient Demographics, Comorbidities, and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in the California Population
Authors: Lichtensztajn Daphne Y. , Hofer Brenda M. , Leppert John T. , Brooks James D. , Chung Benjamin I. , Shah Sumit A. , DeRouen Mindy C. , Cheng Iona
Published: December 2022

Background:

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes differ in molecular characteristics and prognosis. We investigated the associations of RCC subtype with patient demographics, comorbidity, and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES).

Methods:

Using linked California Cancer Registry and Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development data, we identified history of hypertension, diabetes, and kidney disease prior to RCC diagnosis in Asian/Pacific Islander, non-Latino Black, Latino, and non-Latino White adults diagnosed with their first pathologically confirmed RCC from 2005 through 2015. We used multinomial multivariable logistic regression to model the association of demographics, comorbidity, and nSES with clear-cell, papillary, and chromophobe RCC subtype.

Results:

Of the 40,016 RCC cases included, 62.6% were clear cell, 10.9% papillary, and 5.9% chromophobe. The distribution of subtypes differed strikingly by race and ethnicity, ranging from 40.4% clear cell and 30.4% papillary in non-Latino Black adults to 70.7% clear cell and 4.5% papillary in Latino adults. In multivariable analysis, non-Latino Black individuals had a higher likelihood of presenting with papillary (OR, 3.99; 95% confidence interval, 3.61–4.42) and chromophobe (OR, 1.81; 1.54–2.13) versus clear-cell subtype compared with non-Latino White individuals. Both hypertension (OR, 1.19; 1.10–1.29) and kidney disease (OR, 2.38; 2.04–2.77 end-stage disease; OR, 1.52; 1.33–1.72 non–end-stage disease) were associated with papillary subtype. Diabetes was inversely associated with both papillary (OR, 0.63; 0.58–0.69) and chromophobe (OR, 0.61; 0.54–0.70) subtypes.

Conclusions:

RCC subtype is independently associated with patient demographics, and comorbidity.

Impact:

Targeted RCC treatments or RCC prevention efforts may have differential impact across population subgroups.
Cardiovascular Diseases, Medications, and ALS: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Abdel Magid Hoda S. , Topol Barbara , McGuire Valerie , Hinman Jessica A. , Kasarskis Edward J. , Nelson Lorene M.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: We investigated the associations between antecedent all-cause CVD diagnoses, cause-specific CVD diagnosis, and CVD medication prescriptions with the risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Materials and Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study of U.S. Medicare enrollees from 2006 to 2013. The final sample included 3,714 incident ALS cases and 18,570 controls (matched on age, sex, enrollment length, and county). Information was collected from Medicare Parts A, B, and D administrative claims data on hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, prescriptions of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptors blockers, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, and antiarrhythmics. Associations were evaluated using conditional logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographical location, alcohol and tobacco use, and socioeconomic status. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for having one or more ICD-9 codes for any cardiovascular disease diagnosis at least 24 months prior to the date of ALS diagnosis was 0.85 (95% conﬁdence interval [CI]: 0.78–0.92). Cardiovascular conditions that were inversely associated with ALS included heart failure (OR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.70–0.89), atrial fibrillation (OR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.77–0.92), and hypertension (OR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.84–0.98). Exposures to several classes of cardiovascular medications were inversely associated with ALS risk even after adjusting for confounding by indication, including ACE inhibitors (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.77–0.91), calcium channel blockers (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.59–0.70), and beta blockers (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.71–0.83). Discussion/Conclusion: These findings merit additional research, including animal studies and pilot clinical trials, to further evaluate and evidence the effects of ACEIs, CCBs, and BBs on the risk of developing and clinical expression of ALS.
Do Proximal Risk Factors Mediate the Impact of Affect on Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder? An Extension of the Hierarchical Model of Cognitive Vulnerability
Authors: Koscinski Brandon , Allan Nicholas P.
Published: December 2022

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are among the most prevalent forms of psychopathology. The hierarchical model of cognitive vulnerability proposes that higher order risk factors explain co-occurrence among internalizing disorders, whereas lower order risk factors explain discordance. Methods: Participants (N = 646; mean age = 38.50, SD = 10.00; 49.2% female) were recruited from Amazon MTurk to complete self-report questionnaires related to psychopathology in the summer of 2020. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relations that negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) share with MDD and GAD, through rumination and intolerance of uncertainty (IU), cross-sectionally. Results: When modeling both IU and depressive rumination together as explaining the indirect effects from affect to psychopathology, the association between NA and symptoms of MDD was explained by depressive rumination. There were no indirect effects from PA to MDD or GAD symptoms. When modeled separately, both risk factors explained the associations NA shared with MDD and GAD symptoms. Conclusions: The present study extends the hierarchical model of cognitive vulnerability by finding that depressive rumination explains the association between NA and symptoms of MDD, even when controlling for IU.
Prospective, Randomized Comparative Evaluation of a Novel Hands-On Endourology Training Curriculum
Authors: Waldbillig Frank , von Rohr Lennard , Nientiedt Malin , Neuberger Manuel , Wessels Frederik , v. Hardenberg Jost , Westhoff Niklas , Wuhrer Anne , Pechlivanidou Ioanna , Miernik Arkadiusz , Michel Maurice Stephan , Kriegmair Maximilian C. , Gruene Britta
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The aim of this randomised prospective trial was to evaluate a novel hands-on endourological training programme (HTP) and compare it to the standard endourological colloquium (SC). Methods: A new HTP was created based on a sequence of theoretical, video-based, and practical elements emphasising contemporary teaching methods. An existing SC in which live endourological operations were attended served as a comparison. Medical students were enrolled in a ratio of 1:2 (SC:HTP). Objective knowledge questionnaires (5 questions, open answers) and subjective Likert-type questionnaires (rating 1–3 vs. 4–5) were used for evaluation. Primary endpoint was urological knowledge transfer; secondary endpoints were learning effects, progression, and urological interest. Results: 167 students (SC n = 52, HTP n = 115) were included. The knowledge assessment showed a significant increase in knowledge transfer benefitting the HTP on all 5 surveyed items (mean: n = 4/5/4/3/2 vs. n = 2/3/1/1, p < 0.0001). Interest and duration of the course were rated significantly more positively by HTP students (100.0/95.0% vs. 85.0/70.0%, p < 0.0001). The HTP students were significantly more confident in performing a cystoscopy independently (HTP 43.5% vs. SC 11.5%, p < 0.0001) and significantly claimed more often to have gained interdisciplinary and urological skills during the course (HTP 90.0/96.5% vs. SC 23.1/82.7%, p < 0.0001/p = 0.003). HTP students were also more likely to take the course again (HTP 98.2% vs. SC 59.6%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Modifying endourological teaching towards hands-on teaching resulted in stronger course interest, greater confidence regarding endourologic procedures, and significantly increased urologic knowledge transfer.
Carotid Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis: Differences in Patient Profile in a Low-Middle-Income Country
Authors: Paramasivan Naveen Kumar , Sylaja Padmavathy N. , Pitchai Shivanesan , Madathipat Unnikrishnan , Sreedharan Sapna Erat , Sukumaran Sajith , Vinoda Thulaseedharan Jissa
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the standard treatment for patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. Data from low- and middle-income countries are sparse on CEA and its outcomes. We aimed to describe the profile of our patients and factors associated with periprocedural cerebral ischemic events in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis who underwent CEA in our institute. Methods: Retrospective review of patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (50–99%) who underwent CEA between January 2011 and December 2021 was done. Clinical and imaging parameters and their influence on periprocedural cerebral ischemic events were analyzed. Results: Of the 319 patients (77% males) with a mean age of 64 years (SD±8.6), 207 (65%) presented only after a stroke. Majority (85%) had high-grade stenosis (≥70%) of the symptomatic carotid. The mean time to CEA was 50 days (SD±36); however, only 26 patients (8.2%) underwent surgery within 2 weeks. Minor strokes and TIA occurred in 2.2%, while major strokes and death occurred in 4.1% patients. None of the clinical or imaging parameters predicted the periprocedural cerebral ischemic events. The presence of co-existing significant (≥50%) tandem intracranial atherosclerosis (n = 77, 24%) or contralateral occlusion (n = 24, 7.5%) did not influence the periprocedural stroke risk. Conclusion: There is a delay in patients undergoing CEA for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Majority have high-grade stenosis and present late only after a stroke reflecting a lack of awareness. CEA can be performed safely even in patients with significant intracranial tandem stenosis and contralateral carotid occlusion.
Effect of Internal, Office, and Home Bleaching on Shear Bond Strength of Enamel to Porcelain Laminate Veneers
Authors: Arshad Mahnaz , Vaziri Nastaran , Habibzadeh Sareh
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To compare the effect of office, home, and internal bleaching on the shear bond strength (SBS) of enamel to porcelain laminate veneers. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 extracted maxillary central incisors were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) no bleaching (control); (2) office bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP); (3) home bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide; and (4) intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate (SP) using the walking bleaching technique. All teeth were separately immersed in artificial saliva for 14 days. The enamel surface was then reduced by 0.5 mm, and IPS e.max Press ceramic discs were bonded using a resin cement. After 24 hours, all specimens were thermocycled (5,000 cycles, 5°C to 55°C). The SBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and the failure mode was determined using a stereomicroscope. One-way ANOVA and Tukey honest significant difference tests were used for data analysis (P < .05). Results: A significant difference was noted among the groups (P < .001). The highest SBS was noted in the control group (15.71 ± 5.39 MPa). The mean SBS in the office bleaching group (12.30 ± 4.64 MPa) was almost the same as the control. The lowest mean SBS belonged to the home bleaching group (5.39 ± 3.99 MPa). The mode of failure was adhesive in all four groups. Conclusion: If bleaching is intended to be followed by porcelain veneers, the office bleaching technique with 40% HP is recommended. Delaying the bonding procedure for 2 weeks does not appear to be effective with home or intracoronal bleaching.
DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Mediates YB-1 (Y-Box Binding Protein)-Induced Double Strand Break Repair
Authors: Nöthen Till , Sarabi Mohsen Abdi , Weinert Sönke , Zuschratter Werner , Morgenroth Ronnie , Mertens Peter R. , Braun-Dullaeus Ruediger C. , Medunjanin Senad
Published: December 2022

Background:

DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase) is a stress-activated serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular proliferative disease processes such as neointimal formation. In this study, we link the activation of DNA-PK to the function of the transcription factor YB-1 (Y-box binding protein).

Methods:

To identify YB-1 phosphorylation by DNA-PK, we generated different YB-1-expressing vectors. YB-1 nuclear translocation was investigated using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining. For YB-1 activity, luciferase assays were performed.

Results:

We show by mutational analysis and kinase assay that the transcriptional regulator YB-1 is a substrate of DNA-PK. Blockade of DNA-PK by specific inhibitors revealed its critical involvement in YB-1phosphorylation as demonstrated by inhibition of an overexpressed YB-1 reporter construct. Using DNA-PK-deficient cells, we demonstrate that the shuttling of YB-1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is dependent on DNA-PK and that the N-terminal domain of YB-1 is phosphorylated at threonine 89. Point mutation of YB-1 at this residue abrogated the translocation of YB-1 into the nucleus. The phosphorylation of YB-1 by DNA-PK increased cellular DNA repair after exposure to ionizing radiation. Atherosclerotic tissue specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The DNA-PK subunits and YB-1 phosphorylated at T89 were found colocalized suggesting their in vivo interaction. In mice, the local application of the specific DNA-PK inhibitor NU7026 via thermosensitive Pluronic F-127 gel around dilated arteries significantly reduced the phosphorylation of YB-1.

Conclusions:

DNA-PK directly phosphorylates YB-1 and, this way, modulates YB-1 function. This interaction could be demonstrated in vivo, and colocalization in human atherosclerotic plaques suggests clinical relevance of our finding. Phosphorylation of YB-1 by DNA-PK may represent a novel mechanism governing atherosclerotic plaque progression.
Carex section Ammoglochin (Cyperaceae) in Poland
Authors: KOOPMAN JACOB , WIĘCŁAW HELENA , KOBIERSKI PIOTR
Published: December 2022

Species within the Carex section Ammoglochin are difficult to distinguish, due to their similarity and a lack of clear-cut morphological characters. In Poland, all seven European species (Carex arenaria, C. brizoides, C. colchica, C. curvata, C. praecox, C. pseudobrizoides, and C. repens) have been recorded. These taxa can be determined reliably by looking at a combination of characters, especially inflorescence length and colour, gender distribution in the spikes, colour of female glumes, shape, length and width of utricles, and shape of nuts. Carex arenaria, C. brizoides, and C. praecox are the most common Ammoglochin taxa in Poland while C. colchica, C. curvata, and C. pseudobrizoides are much rarer. Carex repens was noted only on a few sites in the central part of the country. In this paper we present a key to identification of the European Ammoglochin species, their description and distribution maps in Poland.
Schoenorchis mishmensis sp. nov. (Orchidaceae) from Mishmi Hills, Lower Dibang Valley District, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: GOGOI KHYANJEET , MEGA PRANAB , CHOWLU K.
Published: December 2022

A new species of Schoenorchis, belonging to the family Orchidaceae is described from tropical mixed evergreen forests of Mishmi Hills, (Arunachal Pradesh, India). It is allied to Schoenorchis micrantha and S. brevirachis but differs in the size and shape of plant, the size of the leaf blade, inflorescence and flower. A detailed description with taxonomic notes, colour photos and information on the habitat, conservation status are provided.
Liparis casseabria, (Malaxideae: Orchidaceae) a new species from Chin State, Myanmar
Authors: WANG YU-QIAN , WU XUN-FENG , LI JIN-LONG , ZHOU SHI-SHUN , LI REN , LIU QIANG , LI LIN
Published: December 2022

Liparis casseabria, a new species of Orchidaceae, is described and illustrated from Natma Taung National Part, Chin State, Myanmar. It is morphologically similar to L. jovispluvii, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having conspicuous underground tuber, narrowly lanceolate petals, dramatically folded lip with entire margin and emarginated apex.
Neodeightonia septata sp. nov. and N. subglobosa (Botryosphaeriaceae) from northern Thailand
Authors: WU NA , DISSANAYAKE ASHA J. , CHETHANA K. W. THILINI , LIU JIAN-KUI
Published: December 2022

Neodeightonia species are mostly known from bamboo and palms. During an investigation of Botryosphaeriaceae species in northern Thailand, three Neodeightonia isolates were obtained. Morphological characteristics coupled with phylogenetic analyses based on the combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef sequence data indicated that these taxa can be recognized as Neodeightonia septata sp. nov. (from palms) and Neodeightonia subglobosa (from bamboo). Neodeightonia septata is phylogenetically close to N. rattanica and N. rattanicola but formed a distinct lineage and differs morphologically from the latter in having 1-septate conidia. In addition, the asexual morph of N. subglobosa is reported for the first time from a natural substrate. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and phylogenetic trees are provided.
Piper puerense, a new species of Piperaceae from Yunnan, China
Authors: SU FAN , JI XUN-ZHI , WU BAO-DUO , QIN XIAO-WEI , HAO CHAO-YUN
Published: December 2022

Piper puerense (Piperaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China, is here described and illustrated. Detailed morphological comparisons between the newly discovered species and other members of Piper indicate that Piper puerense is similar to Piper curtipedunculum, from which it differs in that stems of the new species are densely pubescent when young, glabrous when mature, leaf blades ovate, 8.5–12 cm × 4.3–6.5 cm, spike peduncle 15 mm long, nearly two times larger than the petiole; female inflorescence 12–18 cm long, male inflorescence 20–30 cm long, fruit obovate in shape, 1.0–1.5 mm in diameter.
Coryanthes charlesiana (Stanhopeinae, Cymbidieae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Brazil
Authors: CHIRON GUY R. , MARÇAL Sidney
Published: December 2022

A new species of Coryanthes, from the State of Alagoas in Brazil, is proposed. It comes from Atlantic Forest and only one plant has been studied, in the municipality of Atalaia. This find represents the first occurrence of a Coryanthes member in Alagoas. The new taxon is characterized by its smooth mesochile (i.e. it belongs to the subgenus Coryanthes) and its hairy hypochile, what is not common in the subgenus. It is described, illustrated and compared to its closest relative, Coryanthes lanata. Moreover a key to all the pubescent species of the subgenus is provided.
The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 confirmed for mainland China, with descriptions of a new genus and new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)
Authors: MIKHALJOVA ELENA V.
Published: December 2022

The family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 (Chordeumatida) is confirmed for mainland China due to the discovery of the new genus and species: Liaoninosoma gen. nov. and Liaoninosoma marusiki sp. nov. The descriptions and taxonomic notes are given for the new taxa.
Maurieseuma, a new genus to accommodate Hylebainosoma nontronense Mauriès & Kime, 1999, and the revalidation of the genus Romanosoma Mauriès, 2015 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Haaseidae)
Authors: ANTIĆ DRAGAN , SPELDA JÖRG
Published: December 2022

A new genus, Maurieseuma gen. nov., is established to accommodate the species Hylebainosoma nontronense Mauriès & Kime, 1999. As result, the following new combination is proposed: Maurieseuma nontronense (Mauriès & Kime, 1999) comb. nov. The new genus is diagnosed and briefly described with some new details missing in the previous two descriptions of the species accommodated in it. In addition, we consider Romanosoma Mauriès, 2015 as a valid genus, leaving Hylebainosoma Verhoeff, 1899 with two species. The similarities and differences between the genera Maurieseuma gen. nov. and Romanosoma, as well as with the remaining three genera of Haaseidae are briefly discussed. An identification key is given to all five genera of the family Haaseidae.
A new genus and species of Caribbean forest lizard (Diploglossidae; Celestinae) from southern Hispaniola
Authors: LANDESTOY T. MIGUEL A. , SCHOOLS MOLLY , HEDGES S. BLAIR
Published: December 2022

A new genus and species of Caribbean forest lizard of the subfamily Celestinae Schools & Hedges are described. This new taxon is known only from two small adjacent keys in the Laguna de Oviedo of the Parque Nacional Jaragua in the Barahona Peninsula, Dominican Republic, at the southernmost region of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. The genus Guarocuyus gen. nov. is genetically more closely related to the clade containing Celestus Gray, Comptus Schools & Hedges, and Panolopus Cope; nevertheless, we compare it to all celestine genera. Morphologically, it differs from other celestines by having an interdigital web on three toes and by having the widest ear opening. Additionally, the species Guarocuyus jaraguanus sp. nov. has some ecological attributes that when combined, appear to be unique, including nocturnal habits, a semiprehensile tail, and a facultatively arboreal lifestyle. We note sexual dimorphism in the new species and in two other celestines, Caribicus darlingtoni (Cochran) and the poorly known Celestus macrotus Thomas & Hedges, and report a range extension of the latter species into the Dominican Republic. We also discuss several scale topography conditions considered of taxonomic value for the group.
Larval morphology of the Madagascan endemic diving beetle genus Hovahydrus Biström, 1982 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) and phylogenetic comparison with other known Hyphydrini
Authors: ALARIE YVES , MICHAT MARIANO C. , RANARILALATIANA TOLOTRA , BERGSTEN JOHANNES
Published: December 2022

We describe for the first time the instar III larva of the diving beetle genus Hovahydrus Biström, 1982, based on H. praetextus (Guignot, 1951) and a new species yet to be described (identified here as Hovahydrus sp. near H. minutissimus (Régimbart, 1903)). We include detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi in order to discover useful characters for distinguishing Hovahydrus larvae from those of other known Hyphydrini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae). A provisional parsimony analysis based on larval characteristics of 11 Hyphydrini species in eight genera was conducted using the program TNT. Larval morphology supports a close relationship between Hovahydrus, Hyphydrus Illiger, 1802, and the endemic South Africa genera Andex Sharp, 1882, Coelhydrus Sharp, 1882, Darwinhydrus Sharp, 1882 and Primospes Sharp, 1882.
Detection of Mammogram Using Improved Watershed Segmentation Algorithm and Classifying with Feed Forward Neural Network (FNN)
Authors: Gomathi S. , Malarvizhi K. , Kavitha M. S.
Published: December 2022

Segmentation of breast tumors with more accuracy using computerized methods is essential for breast cancer monitoring and quantification. Both segmentation and classification of breast tumors using a fully automated or Computer-Aided Diagnosis system poses various problems in terms
of imaging properties. In this work, a new hybrid algorithm is proposed for segmentation with a two-step process. Initially, a watershed transformation is applied to separate all basins based on pixel density variation from the mass present in tumors, since it has been quite booming in the
presence of tumors in all circumstances. Though this is very perceptive to tiny fluctuations in the size of the image, large numbers of areas are produced unacceptably, and the boundaries after segmentations are also quite hard. The second level set is an effective method of segmenting all
types of medical images because; it easily flows with, cavities, folds, splits, and merges. To make the recognition step easier and more accurate, the result of segmentation is considered the beginning position of the curve, and the same will be used at the next step of the level set. This
produces a closed, smooth, and accurately placed contour or surface. As a result, the present research uses watershed segmentation to isolate tumor regions and performs classification using Feed Forward Neural Network (FNN) to extract features for classification. Experimental results are evaluated
based on performance and quality analysis. In the classification process, the study obtained an accuracy rate of 91.2% in the learning model and 71.8% in a testing model.
Nasal Breathing Pre-Surgery Planning System
Authors: Husham F. I. S. , Avrunin O. G. , Malaekah E. A.
Published: December 2022

Rhino manometry is widely used for measuring nasal aerodynamic resistance, but its clinical use is still limited and needs further standardization. The main aim of the study is to determine the total nasal resistance and to locate the place and the reasons for nasal cavity obstruction.
A scheme of modern hybrid computed Rhino manometry for functional diagnosis of upper respiratory disease is proposed. The role of the main parameters in nasal aerodynamics is described (the airflow, the pressure, different types of local resistances, and nasal respiratory energy efficiency).
The hybrid approach is based on a CT study and the Rhino manometry data. The study discovers four new features in the nasal breathing graph, which help in discrimination between different types of breathing modes, and this increases the accuracy of calculating the pressure losses by 12%. Also,
the method used for calculating the mucosal roughness, which used as a criterion for evaluating the airflow mode. The accuracy of the hybrid functional method in calculating the total nasal aerodynamic resistance is 30% higher than with previous methods.
Lanthanum Doped Zinc Molybdate: Antibacterial and Photo-Catalysis Properties
Authors: Sherwani Subuhi , Alshammari Eida M. , Alqahtani Fatimah Othman , Khan Mahvish , Khan Saif , Khan Wahid Ali , Ali Khan Mohd Wajid , Umar Ahmad
Published: December 2022

This study investigates unique and specific properties of the lanthanum based zinc molybdate nanocomposite material. The lanthanum zinc molybdate nanocomposite material was synthesized using a simple and low cost “co-precipitation” method. The synthesized nano materials
had structural, vibrational and morphological properties, determined by X-ray diffraction, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized nanomaterial was characterised using a range of techniques. X-ray diffraction was used to determine
a particle size of 65.7 nm of the disc shaped hexagonal particle. Further characterisation was done using UV-visible spectroscopy and band gap energy analysis. The band gap value was found to be 3.58 eV. The nanocomposite also exhibited antibacterial activity against bacterial strains of Escherichia
coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In the presence of light and air, nanoparticles of lanthanum zinc molybdate nanocomposite were found to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli due to generation of singlet oxygen and hydrogen oxide radical. However, the same was not observed
for S. aureus. Photocatalytic property of lanthanum zinc molybdate nanocomposite was determined using an aqueous solution of methylene blue dye. lanthanum zinc molybdate nanocomposite showed photo-degradation due to the formation of singlet oxygen and hydrogen oxide radical. Complete
decolourization of blue colour of the of methylene blue solution at 6 pH was attained, using 40.0 mg lanthanum zinc molybdate nanocomposite, with a constant time interval. With time, the activity of lanthanum zinc molybdate nanocomposite was also found to decrease due to the formation of a
hydrogen oxide layer on the surface of the nano material. This could be washed off with ethanol and distilled water. After drying, the catalytic nano particle could be reused for another reaction.
Facile Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles and Their Reduced Graphene Oxides (RGO) Based Nanocomposites as Electrodes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) with Enhanced Efficiency
Authors: Eid Albalawi Hanadi Mohammed , Ahmed Faheem , Arshi Nishat , Umar Ahmad
Published: December 2022

Recently, Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have very attracted a huge deal of industries and academics owing to its number of properties including cost-effectiveness, and practically high power energy conversion efficiency. However, there is always a need to develop new research technologies
to increase solar cells efficiency based on oxide heterojunctions. In this work, a fast, environment friendly and economic route were used to prepare TiO2, and their nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the fabrication of DSSCs
device onto ITO substrates. The prepared nanostructures were well characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM, TEM, and Raman measurements. XRD analysis confirmed that TiO2 nanoparticles were crystalline with tetragonal phase. Morphological studies performed by FESEM and TEM
images showed that the TiO2 possessed spherical morphology which were uniform and densely covered on the surface of the RGO nanosheets. The DSSCs were fabricated using prepared TiO2 nanoparticles and nanocomposites with RGO and CNTs as working electrode. The results revealed
that the DSSCs fabricated using nanocomposites showed enhanced performance as compared with the pure samples without RGO. In particular, the TiO2/CNTs (0.5 wt%) nanocomposites electrode exhibited highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs with a maximum value of 0.679% compared
to 0.269% of DSSC with pure TiO2, and 0.472% of DSSC with TiO2/RGO. This method would provide a pathway to produce a low-cost technological process to develop high efficiency DSSCs.
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites Through a Simplified Approach and Assessment of Their Bactericidal Potential
Authors: Anjum Sadia , Al-Abbosh Khulood , Saeed Mohd , Ahmed Tahir , Ahmad Irfan , Alsharaeh Edreese H.
Published: December 2022

The development of metallic nanoparticles has attracted tremendous interest and has potential applications in multiple healthcare regimes. This study used irradiation from a conventional microwave oven, a straightforward, simple approach to fabricate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and AuNPs reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (AuNPs-rGO). UV-visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded to reveal the composition of the nanocomposites. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations were used to analyze the shape, size, and crystal structure of the produced AuNPs-rGO nanocomposites. The antibacterial activity of these nanocomposites was evaluated by disc diffusion assay and colony inhibition againstS. aureusGram-positive andE. coliGram-negative bacteria. Our data revealed a face-centered cubic shape attached to the AuNPs to the rGO sheets. Furthermore, these methods demonstrated that bonding AuNPs with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers resulted in bacterial suppression comparable to bare AuNPs. In addition, we investigated the antibacterial potential of AuNPs and nanocomposites against multidrug-resistantStaphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginousand found them very effective. The approach described here for concocting the AuNPs, and AuNPs/rGO nanocomposites effectively produce very stable, well-dispersed, spherical particles anchored to the surface of rGO sheets have the potential to be used as antibacterial formulations against multiple drug-resistant strains.
Effect of Matrigel on the Culture of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells on Polycaprolactone to Prepare Cell Patches
Authors: Dai Yue , Zhou Fan , Zheng Jianwei , Mu Junsheng , Bo Ping , You Bin
Published: December 2022

The low seeding rate and survival rate of transplanted cells is one of the difficulties of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of myocardial infarction. By culturing human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) on Matrigelcoated polycaprolactone (PCL) in vitro to mimic
the natural extracellular matrix in terms of composition and structure, we investigated the effect of Matrigel on the adhesion and proliferation of hiPSCs on PCL. After resuscitation, culture, and identification of hiPSCs, the cells were seeded on Matrigel-coated plastic, PCL, or Matrigel-coated
PCL. After 24 h, cell growth was observed by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence under a fluorescence microscope and hiPSC stemness was identified by OCT4 fluorescence. After fixation, scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe the surface morphology of cell patches.
A growth curve was used to assess cell proliferation. The results showed that hiPSCs can be cultured on PCL and Matrigel-coated PCL to prepare cell patches. Matrigel-coated PCL provides a better environment for cell growth, adhesion, and proliferation. Thus, Matrigel is effective for the culture
of hiPSCs on polycaprolactone to prepare cell patches.
Research Progress on Shotcrete for Construction Applications: A Scientometric Review
Authors: Al-Hashem Mohammed Najeeb , Amin Muhammad Nasir , Ahmad Waqas , Khan Kaffayatullah , Ahmad Ayaz , Alkadhim Hassan Ali
Published: December 2022

Considerable research has been carried out on shotcrete for rock supports in tunneling and mining. This study used a novel approach based on scientometric analysis of shotcrete’s bibliographic data to determine its essential components. Knowledge mapping, co-occurrence, and citation
analysis are the most difficult parts of current research. The information needed to complete the study was retrieved from the Scopus search engine. There were 1267 articles considered, and the VOSviewer program was used to analyze. Important publishing sources, keyword analysis, writers that
have the most contribution in terms of citations and publications, the most-cited articles, and the regions most actively engaged in shotcrete research were identified throughout the data review process. Also, shotcrete’s current applications and main limitations were explored. In addition
to its applications in tunneling and mining, shotcrete can also be used for refractory linings, soil stabilization, structural restorations, and the construction of river barriers, swimming pools, shell structures, domes, and even buildings. However, the durability performance of shotcrete
is poorer compared to conventional concrete. In this regard, additional in-depth research is needed to strengthen the durability features of shotcrete. The graphical description and quantitative contribution of scholars and countries in this study might help academics build collaborative projects
and disseminate new ideas and methods.
AlGaN/AlN/GaN Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor High-Electron Mobility Transistor with Annealed Al2O3 Gate Dielectric
Authors: Lin Yu-Shyan , Wang Heng-Wei
Published: December 2022

An AlGaN/AlN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron mobility transistors (MOS-HEMT) with an Al2O3 insulator is studied. The post-deposition annealing (PDA) of Al2O3 is conducted. The effects of PDA in an N2 atmosphere on the
performance of the MOS-HEMTs are studied. Experimental results demonstrate that the trap density in the Al2O3 MOS diode is significantly decreased by annealing. Adding annealed Al2O3 as a surface passivation and a gate oxide layer on HEMTs reduces
gate leakage currents, increases the two-terminal reverse breakdown voltage, and improves the high-frequency performance of the HEMTs.
Preparation and Luminescence Properties of Green Li4−3xSmx(MoO4)2 Phosphors
Authors: Li Tao , Liang Hong-Xia
Published: December 2022

A series of green Li4−3xSmx(MoO4)2 phosphors was prepared by a hydrothermal method. The morphology, structure and luminescence properties of the prepared powders were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray
diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy. The effect of the Sm3+ content on the morphology and luminescence properties of the samples were analysed. All the microcrystalline samples were found to possess typical scheelite structures with tetragonal symmetry. This type
of phosphor was effectively excited by blue light (450 nm) and emitted most strongly at 568 nm, i.e., green light with high brightness. With increasing x, the intensities of the two characteristic emission peaks of Sm3+ (at 568 nm and 664 nm) in the samples first increased,
reaching a maximum at x = 0.6, and then decreased.
Comments on “Spatial Utilization and Microhabitat Selection of the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) under Different Livestock Grazing Intensities”
Authors: Luxom Nisam Mang , Sharma Rishi Kumar
Published: December 2022

Large expanses of snow leopard habitat overlap with extensively used areas for livestock grazing. A fundamental question for conservationists is to determine whether livestock production can be reconciled with the conservation of rare and threatened large carnivores. Therefore, numerous studies focus on the relationship between carnivore densities and space use and environmental, anthropogenic, and topographic variables. Using snow leopard sign surveys in areas with high and low grazing disturbance, Hong et al. posit that livestock grazing directly impacts fine-scale habitat selection by snow leopards. The authors recommend controlling livestock grazing to help restore habitat complexity and alpine environment diversity. However, the approach by which Hong et al. have reached this conclusion is inadequate and is based on a methodology that fails to address the research question appropriately. We argue that 1) identification of a biologically relevant scale of study is the first essential step toward inferring carnivore–habitat relationships, 2) the authors draw inconsistent conclusions from their data on sign densities in high and low grazing disturbance areas, 3) ideally, the snow leopard–livestock relationship needs to be examined across a gradient of livestock grazing intensities and at multiple spatial scales, and 4) it is inappropriate to draw conclusions for landscape/regional scales from a study conducted at a finer and undefined scale. We suggest that future studies should clearly define the scale of the study, identify appropriate habitat variables of interest, and use meaningful measurement instruments to serve as proxies for variables of interest.
Reply to “Comments on ‘Spatial Utilization and Microhabitat Selection of the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) under Different Livestock Grazing Intensities’”
Authors: Hong Yang , Connor Thomas , Luo Huan , Bian Xiaoxing , Duan Zhaogang , Tang Zhuo , Zhang Jindong
Published: December 2022

We thank Luxom and Sharma for their attention to and comments on our study. In recent years, livestock have been expanding into snow leopard habitat, and we conducted this study to examine the effects of that encroachment on snow leopard habitat within Wolong Nature Reserve. Specific responses to Luxom and Sharma’s comments include the following: 1) Many habitat factors influence carnivore–habitat relationships at varying spatial scales, and it is difficult for any single study to address the full suite of factors acting across all scales of selection. Given this fact and the limited spatial scale of our snow leopard sign survey, we mainly focused on snow leopard space use and microhabitat selection. 2) Our results are not necessarily conflicting, but more research is required to further explain how high sign densities, concentrated space use, and weak habitat selection behaviors might relate to each other. 3) We agree that examining a gradient of grazing intensities would be preferable, but because of the difficulty in collecting sufficient field data and the nature of livestock grazing patterns in our study area, we think that dividing our survey area into high- and low-grazing-disturbance areas was appropriate. 4) The original intent of this study was to examine habitat factors and response to livestock within our study area in Wolong Nature Reserve, and we did not intend for our specific results to be used for management recommendations beyond Wolong but instead encourage similar studies to be conducted in other areas.
Impact of Droughts on Farms’ Financing Choices: Empirical Evidence from New Zealand
Authors: Kamal Shabana , Noy Ilan
Published: December 2022

The interaction between climate change, agriculture, and financial markets is a topic that has been researched relatively little thus far. This paper intends to extend the literature by empirically testing the relationships between droughts and farms’ financing choices (measured in terms of real debt and equity) in New Zealand. Using microeconomic farm-level financial records available from the tax authorities, we quantify how past droughts (measured by the New Zealand pasture growth index) impact farms’ financing choices. We show a statistically significant positive impact of droughts on short-term and long-term debts, equity for dairy farms, and short-term debt for sheep and beef farms.
Oxygen and the Spark of Human Brain Evolution: Complex Interactions of Metabolism and Cortical Expansion across Development and Evolution
Authors: Luppi Andrea I. , Rosas Fernando E. , Noonan MaryAnn P. , Mediano Pedro A. M. , Kringelbach Morten L. , Carhart-Harris Robin L. , Stamatakis Emmanuel A. , Vernon Anthony C. , Turkheimer Federico E.
Published: December 2022

Scientific theories on the functioning and dysfunction of the human brain require an understanding of its development—before and after birth and through maturation to adulthood—and its evolution. Here we bring together several accounts of human brain evolution by focusing on the central role of oxygen and brain metabolism. We argue that evolutionary expansion of human transmodal association cortices exceeded the capacity of oxygen delivery by the vascular system, which led these brain tissues to rely on nonoxidative glycolysis for additional energy supply. We draw a link between the resulting lower oxygen tension and its effect on cytoarchitecture, which we posit as a key driver of genetic developmental programs for the human brain—favoring lower intracortical myelination and the presence of biosynthetic materials for synapse turnover. Across biological and temporal scales, this protracted capacity for neural plasticity sets the conditions for cognitive flexibility and ongoing learning, supporting complex group dynamics and intergenerational learning that in turn enabled improved nutrition to fuel the metabolic costs of further cortical expansion. Our proposed model delineates explicit mechanistic links among metabolism, molecular and cellular brain heterogeneity, and behavior, which may lead toward a clearer understanding of brain development and its disorders.
The unexpected consequences of a pandemic: Crypto-finance as cultural commons
Authors: Cossu Alberto
Published: December 2022

This Cultural Commons article provide some coordinates that help explain why cryptocurrencies have recently become mainstream, indicating their connection to precarisation and new class formations. It considers how this change has been achieved by examining the impact of ICTs (information and communications technologies) on the process of socialisation and re-signification of finance. Finally, it explores how these shifts might be related to the emergence of a peculiar form of digital and cultural commons. It grants that this last idea might appear odd, far-fetched, or downright inappropriate, since investment by individuals for individual profit is a defining characteristic of the realm of crypto-finance. It hopes to show, however, that what lies behind these individualised actions is an ambivalence in which exploitation coexists with a redefinition of the genetic code of finance, giving rise to a shared culture and a commoning of resources.
Lipopolysaccharide from Yoshino cedar trees (Cryptomeria japonica) induces high levels of human macrophage polarization
Authors: Ouji-Sageshima Noriko , Kitabatake Masahiro , Fushimi Satoki , Suzuki Satoshi , Fukui Yuzu , Furukawa Ryutaro , Ito Toshihiro
Published: December 2022

Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica, is an evergreen conifer native to Japan and is often used as a building material. The humidity control properties of wood are known, but there have been few detailed analyses of its effects on living organisms. Therefore, we investigated the effects of cedar water-soluble components on human macrophages, which are essential for maintaining biological homeostasis and innate immunity. In this study, we prepared aqueous extracts from Cryptomeria japonica in Yoshino, Nara prefecture (called as Yoshino cedar). Yoshino cedar aqueous extracts stimulated macrophages toward the classically activated phenotype and inhibited the macrophage phenotype thought to mediate allergic responses. Next, we measured the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration in the Yoshino cedar aqueous extract and found it was present at a high concentration. The major receptor of LPS is Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). To confirm whether LPS in Yoshino cedar aqueous extracts activate macrophages through the LPS/TLR4 pathway, we analyzed its effects on TLR4-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) and wild-type (WT) MEF. TLR4-deficient MEF did not produce the proinflammatory cytokines seen in WT MEF. This result showed that LPS in the Yoshino cedar aqueous extracts activate macrophages via TLR4. This information will help us better understand the benefits of cedar for human health, including allergies.
The transition from HIF-1 to HIF-2 during prolonged hypoxia results from reactivation of PHDs and HIF1A mRNA instability
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Maciej , Moszyńska Adrianna , Króliczewski Jarosław , Cabaj Aleksandra , Bartoszewska Sylwia , Charzyńska Agata , Gebert Magda , Dąbrowski Michał , Collawn James F. , Bartoszewski Rafal
Published: December 2022

The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are transcription factors that activate the adaptive hypoxic response when oxygen levels are low. The HIF transcriptional program increases oxygen delivery by inducing angiogenesis and by promoting metabolic reprograming that favors glycolysis. The two major HIFs, HIF-1 and HIF-2, mediate this response during prolonged hypoxia in an overlapping and sequential fashion that is referred to as the HIF switch. Both HIF proteins consist of an unstable alpha chain and a stable beta chain. The instability of the alpha chains is mediated by prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) activity during normoxic conditions, which leads to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the alpha chains. During normoxic conditions, very little HIF-1 or HIF-2 alpha–beta dimers are present because of PHD activity. During hypoxia, however, PHD activity is suppressed, and HIF dimers are stable. Here we demonstrate that HIF-1 expression is maximal after 4 h of hypoxia in primary endothelial cells and then is dramatically reduced by 8 h. In contrast, HIF-2 is maximal at 8 h and remains elevated up to 24 h. There are differences in the HIF-1 and HIF-2 transcriptional profiles, and therefore understanding how the transition between them occurs is important and not clearly understood. Here we demonstrate that the HIF-1 to HIF-2 transition during prolonged hypoxia is mediated by two mechanisms: (1) the HIF-1 driven increase in the glycolytic pathways that reactivates PHD activity and (2) the much less stable mRNA levels of HIF-1α (HIF1A) compared to HIF-2α (EPAS1) mRNA. We also demonstrate that the alpha mRNA levels directly correlate to the relative alpha protein levels, and therefore to the more stable HIF-2 expression during prolonged hypoxia.