bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing multiple hypotheses for the colour change of treefrogs: continuously changing external conditions, functional conflicts, and individuality
Authors: Park Chohee , No Seongsoo , Yoo Sohee , Oh Dogeun , Hwang Yerin , Kim Yongsu , Kang Changku
Published: December 2022

Amphibians are famous for their ability to change colours, and a considerable number of studies have investigated the internal and external factors that affect the expression of this phenotypic plasticity. Evidence to date suggests that thermoregulation and camouflage are the main pressures that influence frogs’ adaptive colour change responses. However, certain gaps in our knowledge of this phenomenon remain, namely: (i) how do frogs adjust their colour in response to continuously changing external conditions?; (ii) what is the direction of change when two different functions of colour (camouflage and thermoregulation) are in conflict?; (iii) does reflectance in the near-infrared region show thermally adaptive change?; and (iv) is the colour change ability of each frog an individual trait (i.e. consistent within an individual over time)? UsingDryophytes japonicus(Hylidae, Hyla), we performed a series of experiments to answer the above questions. We first showed that frogs’ responses to continuously-changing external conditions (i.e., background colour and temperature) were not linear and limited to the range they experience under natural conditions. Second, when a functional conflict existed, camouflage constrained the adaptive response for thermoregulation andvice versa.Third, though both temperature and background colour induced a change in near-infrared reflectance, this change was largely explained by the high correlation between colour (reflectance in the visible spectrum) and near-infrared reflectance. Fourth, within-individual variation in colour change capacity (i.e., the degree of colour change an individual can display) was lower than inter-individual variation, suggesting individuality of colour change capacity; however, we also found that colour change capacity could change gradually with time within individuals. We discuss the adaptive explanations of the results.
Stability and sharp decay for 3D incompressible MHD system with fractional horizontal dissipation and magnetic diffusion
Authors: Li Jingna , Wang Haozhen , Zheng Dahao
Published: December 2022

This paper aims as the stability and large-time behavior of 3D incompressible Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with fractional horizontal dissipation and magnetic diffusion. By using the energy methods , we obtain that if the initial data is small enough in H3 (R3), then this system possesses a global solution, and whose horizontal derivatives decay at least at the rate of (1 + t) − 1/2 . Moreover, if we control the initial data further small in H3(R3) ∩ Hh −1 (R3), the sharp decay of this solution and its first-order derivatives are established.
Mathematics Subject Classification. 35Q35, 35B35, 35B40, 76D03.
Effect of charge accumulation on Kruskal-Schwarzschild instability
Authors: Bordbar Maryam , Hajisharifi Kamal , Mehdian Hassan , Hasanbeigi Ali
Published: December 2022

In the present paper, the effect of charge accumulation on Kruskal - Schwarzschild instability is investigated by considering the displacement current term in Ampere’s law. Employing the non-ideal MHD equations as well as linear perturbation theory, the growth rate of Kruskal - Schwarzschild instability is studied by deriving the growth rate relation analytically. Employing the numerically method, the comparison between the stabilizing role of the magnetic field and the destabilizing role of charge accumulation on the growth rate of instability has been investigated in the broad range of wave number and the wave propagation angle, φ, respect to external magnetic field. The results show that for φ < 60°, the stabilizing effect of the magnetic field overcomes the destabilizing effect of charge accumulation and so the growth rate decreases with increasing Alfven speed. While for φ > 60°, there is a critical point, defined k*c, at which the behavior of instability growth rate curves has been changed with Alfven speed. In this manner, the destabilizing effect of charge accumulation overcomes the stabilizing effect of the magnetic field for k* < k*c and the growth rate increases with increasing Alfven speed, but for k* > k*c the stabilizing effect of the magnetic field overcomes the destabilizing effect of charge accumulation and the growth rate decreases with increasing Alfven speed.
Removal of COD from real oily wastewater by electrocoagulation using a new configuration of electrodes
Authors: Jasim Muhammad Aiyd , AlJaberi Forat Yasir
Published: December 2022

In order to bring the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration down to safe levels for widespread use, this study plans to use a state-of-the-art electrocoagulation reactor (ECR) to treat real oily wastewater discharged from the Al-Muthanna petroleum refinery. A One-Side Finned (1SF) cathode tube was positioned between two tubular anodes in the continuous ECR, where the active area of the cathode was much more than its submerged volume. Each of these electrodes was made of aluminum and joined in a monopolar parallel to a DC power supply. On COD elimination efficiency, the impacts of operational parameters such as electrolysis time (4–60 min), current density (0.630-5.000 mA/cm2), and flow rate (50–150 ml/min) were explored. In conclusion, Increasing current density and electrolysis duration increases COD removal efficiency, whereas increasing flow rate reduces it. COD removal efficiencies were 82% at optimal electrolysis times of 60 (min), 5 (mA/cm2) current density, and 50 (ml/min) flow rate, with energy consumption of 4.787 (kwh/kg COD) and electrode consumption of 0.544. (g).The investigation results demonstrated that the new reactor could treat oily wastewater within the specified operational limits. It might be used before other, more conventional treatments.
Investigating the incidence of stomach cancer in North of Iran; The joinpoint regression model
Authors: Khaleghi Sara , Khafri Soraya , Nikbakht Hossein-Ali , Sepidarkish Mahdi , mosavi taherh
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Cancer incidence is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of premature mortality worldwide. Here, the aim is to present a model that examines the changes in the incidence of stomach cancer in Babol city, which is a high-risk area in the north of Iran.
methods: This study examines the incidence of stomach cancer from 2000 to 2019 from the cancer registration center of Babol city. The age incidence rate (ASR) was calculated per 100,000 people per year. Trend analysis was calculated using Joinpoint regression software. In this research, the average and percentage of annual changes were calculated based on age and gender.
Results: In this study, the data of 2964 patients with stomach cancer were studied. The ASR for stomach cancer in men was higher than women(32.15 vs 23.18). based on the results, average annual percentage change 2.7 was observed. Also, the incidence of stomach cancer is concentrated in the age group of 65 to 74 and has the highest incidence rate.
Conclusions: Cancer is one of the most important non-communicable diseases and the main cause of death in Iran. we saw an increase in the incidence of stomach cancer, especially in men. Therefore, it is necessary to promote prevention and control programs and policies to improve health indicators to reduce the incidence of this disease and the burden of cancers.
Targeted Activation of HNF4α by AMPK Inhibits Apoptosis and Ameliorates Neurological Injury Caused by Cardiac Arrest in Rats
Authors: Zhan Haohong , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Chenyu , Cheng Jingge , Yang Yilin , Liu Cong , Li Shuhao , Wang Chuyue , Yang Junqin , Ge Hanmei , Zhou Dawang , Li Bo , Wei Hongyan , Hu Chunlin
Published: December 2022

Previous studies have shown that AMPK plays an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by participating in apoptosis, but the exact mechanism and target of action remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of AMPK activation on brain injury secondary to cardiac arrest. HE, Nills and TUNEL assays were used to evaluate neuronal damage and apoptosis. The relationships between AMPK, HNF4α and apoptotic genes were verified by ChIP-seq, dual-luciferase and WB assays. The results showed that AMPK improved the 7-day memory function of rats, and reduced neuronal cell injury and apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region after ROSC, while the use of HNF4α inhibitor weakened the protective effect of AMPK. Further research found that AMPK positively regulated the expression of HNF4α, and AMPK could promote the expression of Bcl-2 and inhibit the expression of Bax and Caspase 3. In vitro experiments showed that AMPK ameliorated neuronal injury by inhibiting apoptosis through the activation of HNF4α. Combined with ChIP-seq, JASPAR analysis and Dual-luciferase assay, the binding site of HNF4α to the upstream promoter of Bcl-2 was found. Taken together, AMPK attenuates brain injury after CA by activating HNF4α to target Bcl-2 to inhibit apoptosis.
Tungsten-Rhenium Thermocouples Calibration in Ultra-High Temperature Range
Authors: Ulanovskiy Anatoly Aleksandrovich , Ankudinov Sergey Sergeevich
Published: December 2022

There are presented results of experimental research on calibration of tungsten-rhenium thermocouples at the temperatures exceeding the upper limit of measurements (1700 ℃) of standard type B thermocouple. The research was carried out using the high-temperature installation UKT-2500, designed for practical use in production of temperature sensors based on refractory thermocouples. The available electrical insulating materials for thermoelements have been tested in the temperature range of (1500–2500) ℃. The effects of signal shunting and thermocouples stability in an inert atmosphere have been investigated at upper limit of the operating temperature range. There was proved practical feasibility of the method for calibration of several contact temperature sensors (up to 10) in one run relative to radiation pyrometer readings. Its suitability for thermocouple calibration and certifying of thermoelement wires in the temperature range (1200–2200) ℃ was shown. Calibration of a single tungsten-rhenium thermocouple made at the reference fixed point Ru-C demonstrated the highest accuracy. Using bare wire thermoelements W-Re5% and W-Re20%, type A thermocouple was calibrated in the whole measuring range from 1200 ℃ to 2500 ℃ against an accurate radiation pyrometer.
Inhibition of Methanogenesis through Redox Processes in Oil Sands Tailings
Authors: Kuznetsova Alsu , Afzal Iram , Suri Navreet , Kuznetsov Petr , Siddique Tariq
Published: December 2022

Bitumen extraction from oil sands ore in Alberta, Canada, has generated > 1.3 billion m3 of tailings that a slurry of fine silt and clay, residual bitumen and diluent hydrocarbons, deposited in ponds. Key environmental issues associated with oil sands tailings include biogenic greenhouse gas emissions (methane and carbon dioxide), water toxicity and its potential seepage, water reuse and solid consolidation. Methane produced during anaerobic microbial metabolism of hydrocarbons is emitted from tailings ponds and end-pit lakes where tailings are reclaimed. This study tests one of the strategies to minimize methane emissions by using iron minerals and other terminal electron acceptors in the inhibition of methanogenesis due to the biodegradation of residual hydrocarbons under alternative, non-methanogenic redox conditions. Our results reveal the potential of indigenous microbes to biodegrade hydrocarbons in the tailings under iron- and sulfate-reducing conditions channelling carbon flow from hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide.
A Case Study in Maritime Heritage Ecology: Understanding How Structural Changes to the 1898 Shipwreck Portland Affect Biological Diversity and Colonization
Authors: Mires Calvin , Meyer-Kaiser Kirstin
Published: December 2022

Shipwrecks are irreplaceable cultural and historical resources, and they also serve as biological habitats. The physical structure of a shipwreck provides habitat for hard-bottom organisms, including sessile invertebrates (anemones, sponges) and protected areas for fish. The structure of a shipwreck is influenced by cultural and natural site formation processes over time. A key unanswered question is: how do site formation processes and changes in biological communities (ecological succession) influence one another? We studied the shipwreck Portland in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary to answer this question, working within the interdisciplinary framework of Maritime Heritage Ecology. Analysis of sonar and video data from 2002–2010 and 2019–2021 revealed substantial structural changes to the bow, freight deck, and stern. Site formation on the bow and stern was clearly anthropogenic, as shown by entangled fishing ghost gear. The assemblage of sessile invertebrates in each of the three shipwreck areas also saw changes in community structure, including changes in the relative abundance of species. We also observed changes in the fish community, but these are more likely the result of regional climatic change. Overall, our study showed that ghost gear is a significant threat to Portland and other shipwrecks in Stellwagen, and that site formation drives changes in the biological community over time.
The Effect of Hopelessness on Individual Entrepreneurship Perception in Health Science Students
Authors: Saygili Meltem , Ture Aysun Kandemir , Özkan Şirin
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study is to evaluate the individual entrepreneurship perceptions and hopelessness levels of university students studying in the field of health sciences, to determine the affecting sociodemographic factors and to reveal the effect of hopelessness level on individual entrepreneurship perception. The population of the study consists of undergraduate students studying in the faculty of health sciences of a university in Turkey. The data were obtained with sociodemographic information form, Individual Entrepreneurship Perception Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale and the survey method was used with face-to-face interviews. The results obtained from this study completed with the participation of 681 students showed that the individual entrepreneurship perception levels of the students studying in the field of health sciences were high (117,95±16,84; min: 44-max: 155) and their hopelessness levels were moderate (9,06±5,36; min: 0-max: 20). The results of the correlation analysis revealed that students' perceptions of individual entrepreneurship were negatively and moderately (r=- 0,498) related to their hopelessness levels. The results of the regression analysis showed that students' hopelessness levels and its sub-dimensions explained 26.3% of the total variance on individual entrepreneurship perception, and the increase in the participants' hopelessness perceptions regarding the sub-dimensions of hope (t=-7,383; p<0,001), loss of motivation (t=-2,470; p=0,014) and expectations for the future (t=-2,252; p<0,025) statistically decreased their individual entrepreneurship perceptions.Entrepreneurship education is necessary not only to shape the mindset of young people, but also to provide new skills, ideas and knowledge that are at the center of developing an entrepreneurial culture.
Constrained Expectation-Maximisation for inference of social graphs explaining online user-user interactions
Authors: Papanastasiou Effrosyni , Giovanidis Anastasios
Published: December 2022

Current network inference algorithms fail to generate graphs with edges that can explain whole sequences of node interactions in a given dataset or trace. To quantify how well an inferred graph can explain a trace, we introduce feasibility, a novel quality criterion, and suggest that it is linked to the result's accuracy. In addition, we propose CEM-*, a network inference method that guarantees 100% feasibility given online social media traces, which is a non-trivial extension of the Expectation-Maximization algorithm developed by Newman (2018). We propose a set of linear optimization updates that incorporate a set of auxiliary variables and a set of feasibility constraints; the latter takes into consideration all the hidden paths that are possible between users based on their timestamps of interaction and guides the inference toward feasibility. We provide two CEM-* variations, that assume either an Erdős–Rényi (ER) or a Stochastic Block Model (SBM) prior for the underlying graph's unknown distribution. Extensive experiments on one synthetic and one real-world Twitter dataset show that for both priors CEM-* can generate a posterior distribution of graphs that explains the whole trace while being closer to the ground truth. As an additional benefit, the use of the SBM prior infers and clusters users simultaneously during optimization. CEM-* outperforms baseline and state-of-the-art methods in terms of feasibility, run-time, and precision of the inferred graph and communities. Finally, we propose a heuristic to adapt the inference to lower feasibility requirements and show how it can affect the precision of the result.
WITHDRAWN: Geometric invariance for the conformal image of rectifying curve in Euclidean space R3
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Singh Kuljeet , Lone Mohamd Saleem
Published: December 2022

A rectifying curve is a space curve that plays an important role in the field of differential geometry. This article is a follow-up of the work done in two recent papers [4] and [5], where along with various results on normal, rectifying, and osculating curves, several other properties of these curves are investigated. In this paper, we investigate some geometric invariance for the conformal image of a rectifying curves on regular surfaces under conformal transformation in the Euclidean space R3. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the invariant sufficient condition for the conformal image of a rectifying curve under the conformal, homothetic, and isometric transformations. The normal components of the rectifying curves are also computed, and it is demonstrated that these components remained invariant under the isometry of the surfaces in R3. We also investigated that, for a rectifying curve, the Christoffel symbols are invariant under isometry of surfaces.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Secondary 53A15, 53A05, 53A04, 51M05.
Defining Clinical Trial Estimands: A Practical Guide for Study Teams with Examples Based on a Psychiatric Disorder
Authors: Polverejan Elena , O'Kelly Michael , Hefting Pharm MSc Nanco , Norton Jonathan D. , Lim Pilar , Walton
Published: December 2022

While the ICH E9(R1) Addendum on “Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials” was released in 2019, the widespread implementation of defining and reporting estimands across all clinical trials is still in progress and the engagement of non-statistical functions in this process is still to be fully experienced. Case studies are sought after, especially those with documented clinical and regulatory feedback. This paper describes an interdisciplinary process for implementing the estimand framework, devised by the Estimands and Missing Data Working Group (a group with clinical, statistical, and regulatory representation) of the International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology. This process is illustrated by specific examples using various types of hypothetical trials evaluating a treatment for major depressive disorder. Each of the estimand examples follows the same template and features all steps of the proposed process, including identifying the trial stakeholder(s), the decisions they need to make and the questions that would support their decision making. Each of the five strategies for addressing intercurrent events are addressed in at least one example; the featured endpoints are also diverse, including continuous, binary and time to event. Several examples are presented that include specifications for a potential trial design, key trial implementation elements needed to address the estimand, and main and sensitivity estimator specifications. Ultimately this paper highlights the need to incorporate multi-disciplinary collaborations into implementing the ICH E9(R1) framework.
Impacts of Tanning Process on ground Water Quality: a case study of M’zab valley.Algeria
Authors: BABAAMER Zohra , MATAHRI Slimane , BOULAGHMEN Farida
Published: December 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A new type of neutrosophic set in Pythagorean fuzzy environment and applications to multi-criteria decision making
Authors: Bozyiğit Mahmut Can , Olgun Murat , Ünver Mehmet
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of Pythagorean fuzzy valued neutrosophic set (PFVNS) and Pythagorean fuzzy valued neutrosophic (PFVNV) constructed by considering Pythagorean fuzzy values (PFVs) instead of numbers for the degrees of the truth, the indeterminacyand the falsity, which is a new extension of intuitionistic fuzzy valued neutrosophic set (IFVNS). By means of PFVNSs, the degrees of the truth, the indeterminacy and the falsity can be given in Pythagorean fuzzy environment and more sensitive evaluations are made by a decision maker in decision making problems compared to IFVNSs. In other words, such sets enable a decision maker toevaluate the degrees of the truth, the indeterminacy and the falsity as PFVs to model the uncertainty in the evaluations. First of all, we propose the concepts of Pythagorean fuzzy t-norm and t-conorm and show that some Pythagorean fuzzy t-norms and t-conorms are expressed via ordinary continuous Archimedean t-norms and t-conorms. Then we define the concepts of PFVNS and PFVNV and provide a tool to construct a PFVNV from an ordinary neutrosophic fuzzy value. We also define some set theoretic operations between PFVNSs and some algebraic operations between PFVNVs via t-norms and t-conorms. With the help of these algebraic operations we propose some weighted aggregation operators. To measure discrimination information of PFVNVs, we define a simplified neutrosophic valued modified fuzzy cross-entropy measure. Moreover, we introduce a multi-criteria decision making method in Pythagorean fuzzy valued neutrosophic environment and practice the proposed theory to a real life multi-criteria decision making problem. Finally, we study the comparison analysis and the time complexity of the proposed method.
Ischemic Stroke in a COVID-19-Infected Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bereda Gudisa
Published: December 2022

Ischemic stroke is a recognized neurological consequence of acute COVID-19 infection. A 61-year-old black African farmer with right-sided weakness was sent to the emergency hospital on September 19, 2022, within three hours of the onset of the impairment. He suffered a serious accident while working in the rural region fifteen years prior. Generalized body weakness, including weakness in the right upper and lower extremities while he was moving around, left facial paralysis, an inability to walk without assistance, difficulty swallowing, difficulty speaking, a two-day fever, a headache, and shortness of breath were all reasons why the patient was brought into the emergency room. An X-ray of the chest was taken, and it revealed scattered reticulations, coarse, somewhat bilateral crepitation, and diffuse bilateral infiltrates. The patient's cardiovascular checkup revealed nothing unusual. According to the Glasgow Coma Scale, the eye opening reaction was 1/4, the motor response was 3/6 (abnormal flexion), and the verbal response was 3/5 (inappropriate words). He started having trouble breathing and needed five intranasal doses of oxygen per minute to stay saturated. He began taking 81 mg of low-dose aspirin every day for a month. For ten days, he took 75 mg of clopidogrel orally once every day.
Bisimulations for weighted finite automata over semirings
Authors: Ćirić Miroslav
Published: December 2022

Simulation and bisimulation relations are powerful tools used in many areas of computer science to match moves and compare the behaviour of various computational systems, such as labelled transition systems and automata, as well as to reduce the number of states of these systems. By moving from traditional boolean systems to quantitative ones, a need arise for both simulations and bisimulations to be quantitative, to be modeled with matrices whose entries should provide some quantitative measure of the relationship between the states of the considered systems. In the present paper, we introduce several types of quantitative simulations and bisimulations for weighted finite automata over semirings. For weighted finite automata over positive semirings two tipes of simulations and two types of bisimulations are defined as solutions to particular systems of matrix inequations, while for weighted finite automata over arbitrary semirings four types of bisimulations are defined as solutions to particular systems of matrix equations. Both types of simulations are proven to ensure the containment, while all types of bisimulations are proven to ensure the equivalence of weighted finite automata. Certain general properties of simulations and bisimulations are also proved.
Existing wetland conservation programs miss nutrient reduction targets
Authors: Zuidema Shan , Wollheim Wilfred , Kucharik Christopher , Lammers Richard
Published: December 2022

Increasing coastal hypoxia results largely from riverine export of excess nutrients used for fertilization of row crops1–4 and has the potential to fundamentally change marine habitats over the next millennium5. Nutrient-rich runoff from agricultural lands in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin must decline by half to begin reducing hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico6,7. Nutrient mitigation measures should target hot-spots of excess fertilizer application or manure production8,9 and numerous studies10–15 identify wetland restoration as capable of achieving these targets. Here, process-based physical modeling evaluated the efficacy of existing wetland conservation programs to reduce nutrient export to the Gulf of Mexico. We show that full adoption of two programs meet 10% to 60% of nutrient reduction targets for agriculture, lower reductions than prior estimates16,17 due primarily to refined estimates of subsurface storage and geographic disconnect between restorable lands18 and heavily fertilized croplands. Daily model resolution captured the seasonal and stormflow dynamics inhibiting wetland nutrient removal due to peak wetland effectiveness being asynchronous with nutrient inputs19. Considering these limitations, and large legacy pools of nitrate in groundwater20,21, efforts should balance measures that limit new inputs and maximize treatment across all hydrologic flowpaths from field margins, through groundwater, and ultimately to rivers.
THE TRACE OF TURKISH-HUNGARIAN FRIENDSHIP: THE OPENING OF ‘MACAR KARDEŞLER CADDESI’
Authors: KIRANLAR Safiye , ÇELİK Muhammed Bilal
Published: December 2022

The inauguration of ‘Macar Kardeşler Caddesi (Hungarian Brothers Boulevard)’ in Fatih district, Istanbul, in 1917 was an important initiative for the improvement of the neighbourhoods that suffered from fires there and a symbol of Turkish-Hungarian friendship. In light of the fact that the Hungarians, an ally in World War I, had inaugurated an avenue in Budapest named for the Ottoman Sultan of that time, the Istanbul Municipality went into action and took the decision to bestow this name on an avenue stretching from Saraçhane Park to Millet Library. This area encompassed a small portion of the quarter of the city that was largely destroyed by the Çırçır Harik (Çırçır Fire) on 23 August 1908. Although the Istanbul Municipality announced the inauguration of Macar Kardeşler Caddesi with a decision dated 28 March 1916, construction of the avenue took time and finally became a reality thanks to the Ottoman State’s Consul General in Budapest, who continually kept the matter of the Municipality’s decision on the agenda. Macar Kardeşler Caddesi was opened in a ceremony attended by Turkish and Hungarian officials but the Istanbul public showed little interest in the ceremony. Even though the matter was somewhat important to the local public because of the expropriation actions taking place during the rehabilitation of the burned-out areas, people were living under extraordinary wartime conditions so the issues of city improvement and Turkish-Hungarian friendship were not considered particularly urgent.
Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol removal in drinking water treatment
Authors: Cerón-Vivas Alexandra , Villamizar León Maryory Patricia , Cajigas Álvaro Andrés
Published: December 2022

Geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) are metabolites derived from cyanobacteria which produce taste and odor problems in drinking water treatment plants. Conventional treatment processes in water treatment are ineffective for the removal of 2-MIB/GSM. In this study, GSM and 2-MIB doses were applied to the raw water samples. Three powdered activated carbons (PAC), coconut shell, wood, and bituminous, and two oxidants, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate, were evaluated. In addition, all the tests were made with and without flocculation aid (polyacrylamide). All the PACs evaluated showed better GSM and 2-MIB removals when conventional treatment was carried out with the addition of polyacrylamide as a flocculation aid. However, concentrations below the odor threshold were not reached. Regarding the oxidants, hydrogen peroxide presented the highest efficiency in eliminating GSM and 2-MIB when there is no presence of polyacrylamide.
Development of a soil wetting pattern estimation model for drip irrigation
Authors: Li Yuchen , Nie Wei-Bo , Feng Zheng-Jiang
Published: December 2022

Accurately estimating the soil wetting pattern that closely reflects the measured value can improve the water use efficiency for drip irrigation. Ignoring the effect of the initial soil water content on the soil wetting pattern affects the accuracy of the estimated results to a certain extent. This research aimed to develop a soil wetting pattern estimation model for drip irrigation that included four easily measurable parameters (i.e., initial soil water content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, total volume of applied water, and emitter discharge rate) based on dimensional analysis theory. In this study, the wetting front advance data of 12 typical soil textures were obtained in Hydrus-2D/3D. The estimated values were then compared with measured or simulated wetting front advance values. For different experiments, the mean absolute error, root mean square error, and mean relative error varied from 2.77 to 4.69 cm, 6.20 to 10.61 cm, and 5.61% to 10.51%, respectively. Compared with the existing models, the proposed model was more consistent between the measured and simulated values. Therefore, the proposed model of this study is efficient and simple, which can help accurately estimate the soil wetting pattern of drip irrigation with a variety of soil textures.
Physico-Chemical and microbiological analysis of the loopspruit river, north west province: A metagenomic approach
Authors: Bredenhann Lohan , La Grange Daniel , Bezuidenhout Carlos , Molale-Tom Lesego
Published: December 2022

Water quality affected by polluted surface runoff from agricultural settings, storm-water as well as sewage from urban locations, and mining in the North West Province are reasons for concern. Similar situations may exist in areas elsewhere that have similar water issues and impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Loopspruit River by analysing the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of the water. Bacterial diversity was the highest in less polluted areas of the Loopspruit River. Dominating at all the sites tested were Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Predicted metagenome analysis revealed a correlation between the physico-chemical parameters and observed taxonomic units (OTU). Temperature had a negative correlation with Patescibacteria, Nanoarchaeaeota and Firmicutes (p < 0.05). The negative correlation was strongest with Patescibacteria. Sulphate had a strong correlation with Fusobacteria (p < 0.05). There were was also evidence of faecal and agricultural pollution. Analysing and visually representing the water quality of the Loopspruit River demonstrated the value of combining physico-chemical, microbiology and geospatial data for an overview of understanding the potential environmental health risks. Such data could potentially be used for management strategies.
SOBRE A VERIDICÇÃO NO RETRATO FOTOGRÁFICO
Authors: Cerdera Fábio Pereira
Published: December 2022

Após quase duzentos anos da invenção da fotografia como processo analógico de captura e de impressão de uma imagem visual, não são raras as vezes em que somos pegos em um movimento automático de naturalização do texto fotográfico. Tal fato pode ter sido em parte potencializado pelas facilidades tecnológicas atuais relacionadas ao ato de fotografar, notadamente pelas câmeras fotográficas digitais e seus recursos disponíveis cada vez maiores nos chamados smartphones, os quais tornaram a ação de tirar uma foto algo extremamente corriqueiro, presente em inúmeras situações cotidianas. Este artigo objetiva discutir aspectos desse estatuto imagético fotográfico, isto é, o seu status de equivalente, de substituto da semiótica do mundo natural, estabelecendo o que a semiótica francesa entende por contrato de veridicção (GREIMAS; COURTÉS, 2008). Abordaremos neste trabalho algumas das estratégias responsáveis pelo efeito de sentido de verdade no texto fotográfico, especificamente àquelas vinculadas ao retrato e ao autorretrato, de sua versão analógica à cultura da selfie, esboçando uma hipótese de trabalho particularmente relacionada a como certas práticas semióticas no plano de expressão (FONTANILLE, 2005, 2015) ligadas à veiculação desse tipo de autorretrato contemporâneo podem contribuir para a promoção de seu efeito de sentido verdade.
MERCADO LINGUÍSTICO E CAPITAL SIMBÓLICO NO DISPOSITIVO ESCOLAR: UM ESTUDO DISCURSIVO SOBRE AS LÍNGUAS ESTRANGEIRAS
Authors: Galelli Cinthia Yuri , Rocha Nildiceia Aparecida
Published: December 2022

Este artigo focaliza como os sujeitos, estudantes de línguas estrangeiras (doravante LEs) da escola regular básica, mobilizam sentimentos e atitudes relacionados a um imaginário social, construído historicamente por meio de práticas políticas, econômicas, educacionais e, ao mesmo tempo, discursivas, que se sustentam por meio de uma memória sobre o papel e o valor das LEs em nossa sociedade. Assim, o objetivo proposto é explorar a relação que os estudantes estabelecem com as línguas a partir de enunciações coletadas em uma entrevista de caráter narrativo, a fim de identificar as condições de produção de determinados enunciados. Teoricamente, os estudos de Bourdieu (1983, 1998, 2000) são fundamentais – em especial os conceitos de habitus, capital simbólico (cultural, social e linguístico) e mercado linguístico –, ao considerarmos que em qualquer interação há lucros linguísticos que mobilizam interesses e que fazem funcionar as relações de poder (FOUCAULT, 2016). A análise deflagra que é no dispositivo escolar onde: se constroem saberes de âmbito ideológico sobre as LEs; se constitui o sujeito que enuncia sobre as LEs ao materializar o valor que as línguas adquirem no mercado linguístico; e se evidencia, manuseia, reproduz ou transforma o acesso aos capitais simbólicos na forma como são distribuídos socialmente.
SABENÇA(S) DOS/AS LINGUISTAS POPULARES
Authors: Baronas Roberto Leiser , Nazzari Marinez Santina
Published: December 2022

Neste artigo, inicialmente apresentamos a classificação proposta por Marie-Anne Paveau (2005 e 2020) acerca das práticas linguísticas dos não linguistas. Essas práticas, segundo a autora francesa, formuladas a partir de uma primeira proposta de classificação perquirida por Brekle (1989), podem ser pensadas em quatro categorias: prescritivas, descritivas, intervencionistas e militantes. Na sequência, buscamos acrescentar a essas categorias mais duas: as práticas linguísticas sagradas e as práticas linguísticas profanas dos não linguistas. Nosso desejo é contribuir para a legitimação da Linguística popular no contexto brasileiro.
Research Progress of Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Liu Xu , Yuan Mingqing , Li Lili , Zhang Jiajia , Huang Xiaoyue , Du Jingguo , Tu Zhiqiang , Wu Haotian
Published: December 2022

Currently, many therapeutic drugs are difficult to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making it difficult to reach the site of action and thus fail to achieve the desired efficacy. In recent years, researchers and drug designers have increasingly focused on nanotechnology to break through the difficulty of small molecule inhibitors to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and improve the success rate of drug delivery to the central nervous system. Among the common central neurological diseases, such as encephalitis, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease has attracted much attention from researchers. Alzheimer's disease is a specific neurodegenerative disease, which causes irreversible degeneration of neurons as well as synapses in the brain, resulting in memory and cognitive dysfunction, along with other psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disorders, which seriously affects people's everyday life. Moreover, nanotechnology has excellent potential for application in AD treatment. Studies have shown that nanocarriers can target the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, antioxidants, and other therapeutic substances to brain tissue using existing physiological mechanisms, thus effectively alleviating the disease progression of AD. Therefore, various nanoparticles and nanomedicines have been developed and constructed for diagnosing and treating AD in the past decades, such as nanoparticles, bionanoparticles, liposomes, nano-gel, dendrimers, and self-assembled nanoparticles. This study aims to review the applications and results of nanotechnology in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in recent years and provide some ideas and clues for future research and development of more effective drug delivery systems.
Nuclear Medicine Application of Pentixafor/Pentixather Targeting CXCR4
for Imaging and Therapy in Related Disease
Authors: Chen Zhenying , Xue Qianqian , Yao Shaobo
Published: December 2022

:

C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a novel predictive biomarker for metastasis
and poor prognosis in individuals with malignancies. CXCL12 is the only cognate ligand of CXCR4.
CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathways are involved in the cross-talk among cancer cells, T cells, stromal
cells, and their microenvironments, including the regulation and direction of T cell migration
(chemotaxis), proliferation, and differentiation of immature progenitor stem cells. As CXCR4 overexpression
is related to tumor prognosis, it is essential to quantitatively evaluate CXCR4 expression
levels in vivo.

:

68Ga-Pentixafor, as a radiolabeled tracer, shows high specificity and affinity for CXCR4 in tumors.
Thus, CXCR4-directed imaging with 68Ga-Pentixafor has been investigated to evaluate CXCR4 expression
in patients non-invasively. In recent years, many small cohorts, including those of individuals
with hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and cardiovascular and infectious diseases, have been
reported. So far, 68Ga-Pentixafor has been used successfully in individuals with hematologic malignancies.
In addition, Lutetium-177 (177Lu) or Yttrium-90 (90Y)-labeled Pentixather (an analog of
Pentixafor) suggested high potential applicability in tumor endoradiotherapy (ERT) with CXCR4
overexpression. Patients with advanced-stage multiple myeloma, refractory acute leukemia, and diffuse
large B-cell lymphoma received a certain amount of 177Lu-Pentixather or 90Y-Pentixather. This
review aimed to overview the current CXCR4-directed positron emission computed tomography
(PET) molecular imaging based on Pentixafor in several diseases and ERT.
Association between Renal Function and Individual and Combined
Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly People in Brazil
Authors: dos Santos Gleyson Moura , de Oliveira Costa Nunes Ivone Freires , de Oliveira Francisco Erasmo , Nogueira Thaís Rodrigues , de Lima Sousa Paulo Víctor , Silva Primo Maísa Guimarães , da Paz Suzana Maria Rebêlo Sampaio , de Carvalho Cecilia Maria Resende Gonçalves
Published: December 2022

Background:

Current literature highlights that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public
health problem and that metabolic syndrome (MS) is a potential risk factor, especially among
the elderly population, since aging seems to create metabolic disorders such as hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia,
and glycemic decompensation. Despite this, some mechanisms/events of the
relationship between kidney damage and MS remain controversial.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to investigate the association of compromised glomerular
filtration rate with metabolic syndrome and its components in a population of Brazilian
elderly.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Northeast Brazil with 273 elderly men and
women aged between 60 and 93 years. Clinical, sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle
data, as well as biochemical, blood pressure, and glomerular filtration rate variables, were evaluated.
Data were analyzed using Stata® (Statacorp, College Station, Texas, USA), version 14,
adopting a significance level of p<0.05. The research has ethical approval (no. 2,216,538).

Results:

There was a significant difference between impaired renal function and adequate values
of WC (p = 0.044), triglycerides (p = 0.018), LDL-c (p = 0.015), and the presence of more than
three components of MS (p = 0.036). High values of triglycerides (PR 1.48; p = 0.025) and LDLc
(PR 1.44; p = 0.017) and presence of more than three components of MS (PR 1.45; p = 0.023)
increase the chance of kidney damage.

Conclusion:

The presence of individual and combined components of MS (high triglycerides,
cholesterol and LDL-c, and low HDL-c) promotes the impairment of renal function among the
elderly studied. It is noteworthy that MS does not represent a significant independent factor to
generate losses to GFR.
MQTT Implementations, Open Issues, and Challenges: A Detailed Comparison and Survey
Authors: P.S. Akshatha , Dilip Kumar S.M. , K.R. Venugopal
Published: December 2022

MQTT is an open standard protocol promoted by OASIS and ISO, which allows devices to transport messages using the publish/subscribe model. MQTT is more prevalent than other application layer protocols of the Internet of Things (IoT) due to its lightweight nature, low bandwidth usage, application demand, etc. It is easy and straightforward to use the protocol, making it optimal for communication in resource-constrained situations such as machine-to-machine (M2M), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and in IoT circumstances in which the actuator and sensor nodes connect with applications through the MQTT message broker. A few review papers on MQTT protocol are available in the literature that focuses on broker details, comparison of IoT protocols, and limitations. In this paper, an overview of MQTT, existing survey work on MQTT, publication statistics, MQTT protocol performance evaluation, applications of MQTT, security issues of MQTT, comparison between MQTT and MQTT-SN, tools available or MQTT and available MQTT brokers to provide service are discussed. Graphs and comparison tables are presented to show the outcomes of the application and performance evaluation. The scope of this review paper is also to contribute a novel taxonomy of application layer protocols, their merits and demerits, correlation of MQTT with other application layer protocols, existing works of MQTT protocol to improve reliability, efficiency, security, issues, and challenges in MQTT, as well as future directions of MQTT.
Desain dan Implementasi Rectenna Hexagonal Patch Array Pada Frekuensi 2,4 GHz
Authors: Kusumo Herma Nugroho rono adi , Pramono Sholeh Hadi , Yudaningtyas Erni
Published: December 2022

Abstrakâ€“ Penelitian rectenna yang dilakukan terdiri atas dua bagian yaitu antena yang berbentuk hexagonal array dan rectifier. Rectenna hexagonal array ini didesain agar bisa menangkap gelombang radio (RF) pada frekuensi 2,4 GHz yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Perancangan dilakukan menggunakan software CST Microwave studio, kemudian dilakukan fabrikasi dan pengukuran secara riil. Parameter pengujian rectenna hexagonal patch array meliputi return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), gain, bandwidth, pola radiasi dan efisiensi daya. Metode yang digunakan untuk desain dan analisis yaitu pemodelan transmission line dan corporate feed line untuk pengaturan perubahan jarak antar patch antena. Perubahan variabel juga diteliti pengaruhnya terhadap parameter antena khususnya daya terima antena yang kemudian ditransmisikan ke rangkaian rectifier. Nilai parameter hasil simulasi menunjukkan nilai return loss adalah -33, 38 dB, VSWR sebesar 1,041, gain sebesar 8,81 dBi, bandwidth adalah 0,084 GHz, daya sebesar 0,5 W sedangkan hasil pengukuran dari fabrikasi, return loss sebesar -33,21 dB, VSWR sebesar 1,048, gain sebesar 5 dBi, bandwidth sebesar 0,145 GHz.Â Kata Kunciâ€”Rectenna, Patch, Array, Corporate Feed Line, VSWR