bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TERT promoter mutation predicts the prognosis value of patients with HBV- related HCC who underwent hepatectomy
Authors: Aizimuaji Zulihumaer , Zhao Huan , Wang Xijun , Ma Sheng , Wang Yaru , Rong Weiqi , Xiao Ting
Published: November 2022

Background and AimsRecurrence is the major cause of poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in those infected with HBV. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter is the most prevalent site in HBV-related HCC. We attempted to evaluate the prognostic value of TERT mutation status in HBV-related HCC patients.MethodsWe enrolled the 66 HBV-related HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy between January 2013 and May 2016. DNA extracted from the fresh tumor tissues of these patients was subjected to Sanger sequencing and optimized droplet polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) for detecting TERT promoter mutation. We optimized the dPCR assay by adding 7-deaza-dGTP, CviQ1, and EDTA for improving the detection of TERT promoter mutation. Furthermore, nomogram survival prediction models were developed to assess the prognostic value of HBV-related HCC after hepatectomy.ResultsThe frequency of TERT C228T mutation was detected 24/66 (36.36%) by Sanger sequencing and 30/66 (45.45%) by dPCR. The two methods had an initial overall agreement(concordance = 90.91%, kappa = 0.814; dPCR sensitivity, 100%; dPCR specificity, 85.71%). HBV-related HCC patients with TERT C228T mutation had reduced survival and increased risk of recurrence. TERT C228T was an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS in multivariate analyses. The nomograms successfully differentiated TERT C228T mutant and non-mutant HBV-related HCC patients associated with OS and DFS (C-index: 0.7468 and 0.6899, respectively).ConclusionsTERT C228T mutation could be a potential molecular biomarker for evaluating the prognosis of HBV-related HCC, especially when it is detected by dPCR rather than traditional Sanger sequencing. The nomogram survival prediction model we constructed may provide a valuable reference for clinicians to develop strategies for precision treatment.
MiR-760 is a key regulator of glioma proliferation migration and invasion by controlling MMP2 expression
Authors: qian zhengting , Xin Heng , Jia Zhen , Xia Jiageng , Tang Yong , Li Xiang , Wu Heming , Fan Youwu
Published: November 2022

Background: Glioma is the most common kind of brain tumor and has a poor prognosis. As available evidence indicates, miRNAs are involved in the origin and development of glioma malignancies. MiR-760 has been reported to the development of tumors, but miR-760 has not been well studied in gliomas.
Methods: In this study, we used database of GSE25631 to survey the abnormal expression of microRNA, and the expression of miR-760 validated decreased in glioblastoma. We sought to identify the microRNA-760 (miR-760) expression pattern and investigate its prognostic significance in glioma. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the relative expression of miR-760 and MMP2 in glioma cell lines. The effect of miR-760 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, and the transwell assay. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that the downstream target gene of miR-760. Additionally, a luciferase reporter experiment was used to identify the miR-760 target gene MMP2. Western blot and immunofluorescence was used to determine MMP2 protein levels.
Result: Our data demonstrated that miR-760 expression was significantly decreased in glioma tissues and cell lines. Increased miR-760 expression induced proliferation, migration, and invasion in glioma cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-760 binds and inhibits MMP2 expression. These results suggest that miR-760 inhibits glioma growth by up-regulating the expression of miR-760 along the miR-760 /MMP2 axis.
Conclusion: The finding of the miR-760/MMP2 axis will expand our insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma growth and will identify potential therapeutics for glioma treatment.
A hard molecular nanomagnet from confined paramagnetic 3d-4f spins inside a fullerene cage
Authors: Huang Chenli , Sun Rong , Bao Lipiao , Tian Xinyue , Pan Changwang , Li Mengyang , Shen Wangqiang , Guo Kun , Wang Bingwu , Lu Xing , Gao Song
Published: November 2022

Reducing inter-spin distance can enable effective magnetic interactions to realize outstanding magnetic properties, which, however, remains rather challenging. Here, an unprecedented 3d-4f metal cluster (Dy2VN) was constructed inside a C80 cage, affording a heretofore unseen metallofullerene containing both paramagnetic 3d and 4f metal ions. Significantly suppressed 3d-4f (Dy-V) distances, due to the unique cage confinement effect, are directly recorded by crystallographic and theoretical analysis of Dy2VN@Ih(7)-C80. Consequently, superior magnetic coupling (Jtotal, Dy-V = 53.30 cm-1; Jtotal, Dy-Dy = -18.75 cm-1) is obtained, leading to a record-high magnetic blocking temperature among all reported 3d-4f single-molecule magnets and huge coercive field of 2.73 Tesla. Our work puts forth a new class of single-molecule magnets with both paramagnetic 3d and 4f metals confined in a fullerene cage, of which superior and tunable magnetic properties are envisioned thanks to the unique cage confinement effect and the diverse composition of the entrapped magnetic core.
A multiplexed, paired-pooled droplet digital PCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva
Authors: Wagner Kaitlyn , Fox Phil , Gordon Elizabeth , Hahn Westen , Olsen Kenzie , Markham Alex , Buglewicz Dylan , Selemenkis Platon , Lessard Avery , Goldstein Daniella , Threatt Alissa , Davis Luke , Miller-Dawson Jake , Stockett Halie , Rugh Kristin , Turner Houston , Remias Michelle , Williams Maggie , Chavez Jorge , Galindo Gabriel , Cialek Charlotte , Koch Amanda , Fout Alex , Fosdick Bailey , Broeckling Bettina , Zabel Mark
Published: November 2022

In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we developed a multiplexed, paired-pool droplet digital PCR (MP4) screening assay. Key features of our assay are the use of minimally processed saliva, 8-sample paired pools, and reverse-transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid gene. The limit of detection was determined to be 2 and 12 copies per µl for individual and pooled samples, respectively. Using the MP4 assay, we routinely processed over 1,000 samples a day with a 24-hour turnaround time and over the course of 17 months, screened over 250,000 saliva samples. Modeling studies showed that the efficiency of 8-sample pools was reduced with increased viral prevalence and that this could be mitigated by using 4-sample pools. We also present a strategy for, and modeling data supporting, the creation of a third paired pool as an additional strategy to employ under high viral prevalence.
Skin lesion classification and Prediction by Data Augmentation in HAM10000 and ISIC 2019 dataset
Authors: V Auxilia osvin nancy , Arya Meenakshi S , P Prabahavathy , B Shamreen Ahamed
Published: November 2022

Skin lesions are a common sign of many human diseases and are a worldwide indicator of many different types of cancer. The necessity of such skin cancer preventive initiatives is highlighted by increased risks brought on by the effects of climate change and by the high expense of treatment. The early detection of Skin Cancer can be done to save many lives. Melanoma is the deadliest type of Cancer out of the known types so far. HAM 10000 and ISIC 2019 are the datasets that are used to classify seven and eight classes in the proposed article. The approach is five-layer CNN. The impact of data augmentation was analyzed using the proposed framework in two different datasets. Compared to the original data, the evaluation metrics for augmented data are high. For the ISIC 2019 and HAM10000 dataset, the CNN fine-tuned 5-layered model with augmentation achieved 98.67, 97.88 percent accuracy.
Skin lesion classification and Prediction by Data Augmentation in HAM10000 and ISIC 2019 dataset
Authors: V Auxilia osvin nancy , Arya Meenakshi S , P Prabahavathy , B Shamreen Ahamed
Published: November 2022

Skin lesions are a common sign of many human diseases and are a worldwide indicator of many different types of cancer. The necessity of such skin cancer preventive initiatives is highlighted by, increased risks brought on by the effects of climate change and by the high expense of treatment. The early detection of Skin Cancer can be done to save many lives. Melanoma is the deadliest type of Cancer out of the known types so far. HAM 10000 and ISIC 2019 are the datasets that are used to classify seven and eight classes in the proposed article. The approach is five-layer CNN. The impact of data augmentation was analyzed using the proposed framework in two different datasets. Compared to the original data, the evaluation metrics for augmented data are high. For the ISIC 2019 and HAM10000 dataset, the CNN fine-tuned 5-layered model with augmentation achieved 98.67, 97.88 percent accuracy.
Closed-form formula for some recursively-defined integro-difference sequence of functions
Authors: Yadeta Hailu Bikila
Published: November 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to derive the closed form solution the sequence $(g_n)_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ of integro-difference equations that is defined recursively as follows:
\begin{align*}
g_1(x) & = \chi_{(-1/2, 1/2)} (x), \\
g_{n+1}(x) & = g_n(x + 1/2)- g_n(x- 1/2) + \int_{x-\frac{1}{2}}^{x + \frac{1}{2}} g_n(s)ds, \, n\in \mathbb{N},
\end{align*}
where $ g_1(x)= \chi_{(-1/2, 1/2)} (x) $ is the characteristic function of the unit interval $(-1/2, 1/2) $ has value equal to $ 1 $ on $(-1/2, 1/2) $ and $0$ elsewhere in $ \mathbb{R} $
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II–III Breast Cancer: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Zaher Haidi Abd El , Fathy Hamada , Abozeid Mohamed , faisal mohammed
Published: November 2022

Introduction

We conducted this study to reflect a single-center experience with the use of neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy for the management of women with operable breast cancer.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review on all women presenting with operable, stage II-III, breast cancer and were scheduled for neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy at Suez Canal University Hospital. The primary outcome of this study was to estimate the proportion of patients with operable breast cancer who become eligible for breast conservative surgery (CBS) after neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy.

Results

A total of 147 patients were included. Before the initiation of chemotherapy, only 66 (44.9%) patients were indicated for breast conservative surgery (CBS). A total of 40 (50.6%) new patients, out of the 81 patients who were ineligible before chemotherapy, became eligible for breast conservative surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (95% CI 39.3–61.9%). On the other hand, eight (12.1%) patients became ineligible for breast conservative surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Out of the 98 eligible patients for breast conservative surgery after chemotherapy, 72 (73.5%) patients underwent the surgery, and the remaining 26 patients chose total modified radical mastectomy (MRM). A total of 55 (76.4%) patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR). One woman (0.1%) experienced relapse at the 3rd year of follow-up and three women (2%) experienced relapse at the 5th year of follow-up. The difference between patients who underwent breast conservative surgery and total mastectomy was not statistically significant (p = 0.22 and 0.07, respectively).

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can play a crucial role in increasing the rate of eligibility for breast conservative surgery among women with operable, stage II-III, breast cancer.
Anti-aging Healthcare from the Bitterness of Tea and Heart combination in the Kissa Yojoki(Drinking tea for Vitalizing)
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Kim Meong-ju
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to present the meaning of anti-aging healthcare through the combination of the bitter taste of tea and heart in 『Kissa Yojoki(Drinking tea for Vitalizing)』. To this end, we first examined the natural way of forming human life activity process system, Shen-Ji’s self-control regulation and Qi-Li’s growth-changing regulation, through accelerationg five flavors of four seasons and Five Elements from the natural spontaneous generation. The core of the mechanism of extending health life through drinking tea was analyzed as the relationship between the bitter taste of tea and the affinity of the heart, which is the theoretical background of the combination of five intestines and five flavors. The bitterness of tea has been found to help extend health life expectancy through balence Shen-Ji which is life activity process system and Qi-Li by controlling the heart function. In the future, a follow-up study is needed to objectively scientificize the meaning of anti-aging healthcare through the relationship between the bitter taste of tea and the affinity of the heart as a verification index of the physiological activity of tea and the autonomic nerve of the five intestines.
Current understanding on antibacterial mechanisms and research progress of tea polyphenols as a supplementary disinfectant for drinking water
Authors: Li Jing , Feng Cuimin , Jin Jiyue , Yang Weiqi , Wang Zile
Published: November 2022

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) generated during the disinfection of drinking water have become an urgent problem. So, tea polyphenol, a natural green disinfectant, has attracted widespread attention in recent years. This review summarizes the antibacterial mechanism of tea polyphenols and the recent findings on tea polyphenols as disinfectants for drinking water. These studies show that tea polyphenol is an antibacterial agent that works through different mechanisms and can be used as a supplementary disinfectant because of its higher lasting effect and economical cost. The dosage of tea polyphenols as a disinfectant of ultrafiltration effluent is the lowest among all the tea polyphenols disinfection methods, which can ensure the microbial safety of drinking water. This application of tea polyphenols is deemed a practical solution to solving the issue of disinfecting drinking water and reducing DBPs. However, it is necessary to further explore the influence of factors such as pipeline materials on the disinfection process and efficacy to expand the application scope of tea polyphenols. The large-scale application of tea polyphenols still needs to be fine-tuned but with new developments in tea polyphenol purification technology and the long-term need for drinking water that is safe for human consumption, tea polyphenols have good prospects for further development.
ChrII-Encoded DNA Helicase: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Song Xiaoyan , Tang Bailu , Chen Zhongyuan , Xia Hu , Wang Ronghua
Published: November 2022

Background:

DNA helicases are unwinding enzymes that are essential for many cellular processes. Research has suggested that both the model microorganisms of a single chromosome and the model microorganisms of multiple chromosomes adopt DNA helicases encoded by chromosome I. Therefore, studying DNA helicases encoded by chromosome II may lay some foundation for understanding nucleic acid metabolism processes.

Objective:

To prove the existence of DNA helicase encoded by chromosome II and to reveal its difference compared to DNA helicase encoded by chromosome I.

Methods:

The DNA helicases of Pseudoalteromonas spongiae JCM 12884T and Pseudoalteromonas tunicata DSM 14096T were analyzed by sequence alignment and phylogenetic relationships with other known DNA helicases. Then, proteins of P. spongiae JCM 12884T and P. tunicata DSM 14096T were obtained by heterologous expression. N-terminal sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis were performed to confirm the form of proteins. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay was used to measure the activity of helicases.

Results:

DnaB-pspo and DnaB-ptun belong to the same family, the PRK08840 superfamily, and form a branch with helicases encoded by chromosome I. YwqA-pspo and YwqA-ptun have similar domains and form another branch with helicases encoded by chromosome II. All four helicases have DNA unwinding activity. YwqA is more efficient than DnaB for DNA unwinding, especially YwqA-pspo, which is encoded by bidirectional replication chromosome II.

Conclusion:

This is the first study to show that the existence of a DNA helicase encoded by chromosome II, and DNA helicase encoded by chromosome II is more efficient than chromosome I for DNA unwinding.
Synthesis of Pyrimido[4, 5-b]quinolones from 6-Aminopyrimidin-4-
(thi)one Derivatives (Part I)
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A. , Abu-Hashem Ameen A. , Ameen Tahah A. , Salem Mohammed A.
Published: November 2022

Quinoline and pyrimidine are well-known moieties, which appear in various natural and synthetic products. Furthermore, quinoline-pyrimidine-inspired hybrids are known to have several biological properties. In addition, many pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolinone ring systems, specifically concerning medicinal chemistry, have been reported over the past decade. This review depicts the synthesis of pyrimido[4, 5-b] quinolones (PyQs4,5-b) through 6-aminopyrimidin-4-(thi)one derivatives. The preparation of PyQs4,5-b was clarified through the following chemical reactions: Vilsmeier-Haack formylation, Hantzsch-like reaction, and one-pot three-component reaction.
Optimization Technique Based Approach for Image Segmentation
Authors: Poojary Manjula , Srinivas Yarramalle
Published: November 2022

Objective:

The study's goal was to diagnose the condition at an earlier stage by employing the
optimization-based technique for image segmentation to find deformities in MRI and Aura images.

Methods:

Our methodology was based on two case studies. The diseased data set of MRI images obtained from
the UCI data set and Aura images from Bio-Well were taken into consideration. Using the Relevance Feedback
Mechanism (RFM), the sick images that are most pertinent are determined. The optimization-based Cuckoo
Search (CS) algorithm is used to find the best features. The resulting model utilising the Truncated Gaussian Mixture
Model (TGMM) is used to compare the extracted characteristics. The most relevant images are chosen based
on the likely hood estimation.

Results:

The suggested methodology is tested using 150 retrieved Aura images, 50 trained photos, and
processing of the input image utilizing morphological techniques like dilation, erosion, opening, and
closing to improve the image quality. Together with segmentation quality measurements including
Global Consistency Error (GCE), Probability Random Index (PRI), and Volume of Symmetry(VOS),
the results are assessed using image quality metrics such as Average Difference (AD), Maximum Difference
(MD), and Image Fidelity (IF).

Conclusion:

The TGMM algorithm is used to conduct the experiment. The outcomes demonstrate the
effectiveness of the suggested approaches in locating various injured tissues inside medical images obtained
using MRI technology as well as in locating high-intensity energy zones in which a potential deformity
is associated in Aura images. The outcomes reveal a respectable recognition accuracy of about 93%.
Crystallization of wax esters - a prerequisite to understand wax-based
oleogels
Authors:   Technical University of
            Berlin, Brykczynski Henriette , Floter Eckhard ,   Technical University of
            Berlin
Published: November 2022

From the range of oil structuring systems, waxes are a prime candidate to be taken
into further consideration for product applications. In order to evaluate the
structuring potential and tailor the properties of oleogels, it appears necessary to
understand the mechanism of structuring and establish a relationship between
composition, structure and functionality of the gels. Therefore, it is crucial to
consider complex mixed gelators not as a â€˜pure componentâ€™ but rather on a level of
their molecular composition. Most natural waxes contain substantial amounts of wax
esters being assigned to be decisive for the three-dimensional crystalline network waxes
form when used as oleogelators. Diligent study of pre-existing XRD-data revealed that
wax esters crystallize in two different crystal structures related to the position of
their ester bond (symmetry). Wax esters with different total carbon numbers and
symmetries were studied and characterized as neat component as well as in oleogels
formed in medium-chained triglyceride oil at inclusion levels of 10Â % (w/w). Regarding
their thermal (DSC), viscoelastic (oscillatory rheology) and microstructural (BFM, cSEM)
properties, single wax esters behave systematically, linked to their molecular make-up.
Studying the behavior of oleogels structured by binary mixtures of wax esters revealed
that chain length differences drive the solid phase mixing behavior. However, small
chain length differences appear to induce crystallization in mixed structures, whereas
large chain length differences induce separate crystallization of the wax esters. During
storage, additional thermal events occur at specific mixing ratios, being related to
compound formation or recrystallization of different crystal structures. To unravel the
crystallization of wax esters and their contribution to the gelling behavior of natural
waxes is necessary to control and to exploit their full potential as oleogelators in
practical applications.
Trans fat reduction in the Asia Pacific region
Authors:   Cargill, Alton Mark
Published: November 2022

TBD
New methods using natural abundance carbon isotope ratio analysis to measure the
turnover of docosahexaenoic acid in preclinical models.
Authors:   University of
            Toronto, Bazinet Richard
Published: November 2022

Recently, our laboratory has explored an alternative and cost-effective technique
called compound-specific isotope analysis by gas-chromatography isotope ratio mass
spectrometry that takes advantage of natural differences in carbon-13 content (13C/12C
ratio or d13C) of the food supply to better understand tissue DHA metabolism. However, a
lack of variation in the d13C of some molecules limits the methods utility. Here I will
present two novel approaches that can be used to circumvent this
limitation. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), is a well know precursor to docosahexaenoic
acid, but it is difficult to find ALA from sources with different d13C. In the first
study we fed mice DHA sourced from algae (enriched in carbon 13) chronically and then
switched the mice to less enriched fatty acid sources including ALA from flaxseed oil,
ALA and stearidonic acid (SDA) from ahiflower oil or DHA derived from fish oil. We show
that DHA tissue turnover can be measured from dietary ALA, ALA and SDA or DHA.     In
the second study upon chronically feeding mice DHA obtained from fish oil we switched
mice to a diet either spiked with a small amount (~0.03%) of uniformly labeled DHA to
increase the d13C  of DHA or to DHA derived from algae. Not only could we differentiate
the sources of DHA in the tissues, but the different sources of DHA produced similar
tissue half lives.  In conclusion, limitations in the natural variance of d13C  can be
circumvented by changing the d13C content of metabolic products or by adding small
amounts of labelled molecules to increase the d13C content.
How does knowledge of omega-3 fatty acids inform the food system?
Authors:   University of
            Texas, Brenna J. Thomas
Published: November 2022

With over 40,000 studies published, omega-3s are among most studied compounds in
all of biology. We know a great deal about their metabolism, genetics, and nutrition
that has not been translated into the global industrial food system. Development and
maintenance of the human and general neural function depends on a balanced nutritional
supply of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA.  Omega-3s are the most labile of oil components,
leading to rancidity during processing and limiting shelf-life. Recent research has
clarified the roles of the human FADS1 and FADS2 genes as key to conversion of precursor
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to bioactive products eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acid ((DHA). FADS2 is a promiscuous desaturase enzyme that inserts
double bonds at the 4, 6, and 8 positions and acts on at least 16 substrates including
numerous saturated fatty acids, while FADS1 is highly specific to 5 desaturation and C20
substrates. FADS gene polymorphisms lead primarily to modulation of circulating
arachidonic acid in free living humans, which is likely to influence omega-3
requirements through biochemical competition at many levels. Natural, pre-industrial
diets are high in saturated and monounsaturated fats, and supply dietary essential fatty
acids at less than 4% of calories. Such diets support endogenous EPA and DHA
biosynthesis at relatively robust levels, while diets high in PUFA inhibit EPA/DHA
tissue accretion and create a metabolic demand. Recent recommendations focus on gently
processed healthy foods rich in shortfall nutrients despite high saturated fat content
have been advanced. Dietary intake of EPA and DHA have effects specific to each fatty
acid, and both are more efficiently incorporated into tissue than when derived from
precursors. Current evidence is that both are required for optimal health.
Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl esters prevent obesity-driven impairments to glucose
homeostasis through the biosynthesis of downstream hydroxylated metabolites
Authors:   UNC Chapel Hill, Shaikh Saame (Raz) , Pal Anandita ,   UNC Chapel
            Hill, Carroll Ian ,   UNC Chapel
            Hill
Published: November 2022

There is considerable debate on the clinical utility of the long n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
for preventing dysregulation of obesity-driven glucose homeostasis. Herein, we first
show that administration of ethyl esters of EPA, but not DHA, to C57BL/6J male mice
improves hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose tolerance. Mechanistically, we
demonstrate that EPA reverses the obesity-driven decrease in the concentration of white
adipose tissue and liver 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE), the precursor for
resolvin E1 (RvE1).Â  A combination of add-back and receptor knockout experiments reveal
that RvE1 is specifically driving the improvement in hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia
through the receptor known as ERV1/ChemR23 by controlling pathways related to hepatic
glucose metabolism and inflammation. Next, we show that EPAâ€™s effects are distinct in
female mice as EPA administration leads to improvements in body weight, hyperinsulinemia
and hyperglycemia but not glucose tolerance. In this case, EPA exerts its effects
through a mechanism potentially mediated by 8-HEPE and upregulation of key intestinal
microbes. Finally, we present translation data showing that glucose levels in humans
with obesity are inversely related to EPA but not DHA in a sex-specific manner.
Furthermore, data from our pilot clinical trial demonstrate that an 18-HEPE-enriched
marine oil supplement increases RvE1 levels by 3-fold in humans with obesity. Taken
together, these results provide clarity to the field by suggesting that EPA but not DHA
ethyl esters can prevent glucose dysregulation in a sex-specific manner through distinct
mechanisms mediated by downstream hydroxylated metabolites.
Nutritional opportunities to advance companion animal health - focus on lipids and
related nutrients
Authors:   EKSci, LLC, Krul Elaine
Published: November 2022

Globally $232 billion was spent in the pet industry in 2021 and the compound
annual growth rate (CAGR) is estimated to be 4.6%. In the USA alone, $109.6 billion was
spent in 2021, and more money is spent annually on pet food and treats than veterinary
care or products. Pet parents are increasingly more concerned about the nutritional
quality of the foods they feed their animals and their impact on health. Pet food
manufacturers are responding to the increased demand for premium food products but
importantly, the work of veterinary nutrition researchers is key to ensuring the safety
and nutritional sufficiency of commercial and specialized animal diets. Lipids and
related nutrients, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, medium-chain
triglyceride oil (MCT oil), vitamins D and E and choline play an important role in
companion animal health and will be discussed in this session. In addition, a study
evaluating the impact of canine diets with different fat contents on risk of
pancreatitis will be presented. These reports not only provide more insight into
companion animal health but also sheds light on our understanding of how lipids and
related nutrients impact human health.
Wheat bran protects vitamin A from oxidation during storage
Authors:   KU Leuven, Van Wayenbergh Eline , Courtin Christophe ,   KU Leuven, Foubert Imogen ,   KU Leuven, Langenaeken Niels ,   KU Leuven
Published: November 2022

Food fortification is an efficient strategy to prevent vitamin A deficiency, a
widely occurring health issue. However, vitamin A is rapidly degraded during food
processing and storage, mainly due to oxidation. Therefore, there is a strong need for
stabilising agents. In this study, we showed that wheat bran can be used as a natural,
healthy and affordable stabilising agent slowing down vitamin A oxidation and lipid
oxidation, which are closely related. The stabilising vitamin A-bran interaction was
shown during an accelerated storage experiment (60°C, 70% relative humidity) using a
model system consisting of wheat bran, soy oil and vitamin A. While vitamin A was
degraded entirely after ten days of storage in the absence of wheat bran, vitamin A
recovery after two weeks in the presence of native wheat bran was 10%. This increased to
70% when the wheat bran was toasted (30 min, 170°C). The more pronounced stabilising
effect of toasted wheat bran may be explained by the absence of endogenous lipase
activity, preventing free fatty acid production during storage. While free fatty acid
production in the sample with native wheat bran resulted in accelerated vitamin A
oxidation, it did not result in accelerated lipid oxidation, suggesting that vitamin A
acts as an antioxidant protecting lipids from oxidation. Moreover, wheat bran
antioxidants are thought to delay the oxidation of both vitamin A and lipids. In
conclusion, toasted wheat bran mixed with oil and vitamin A can be used as a
cost-effective and healthy aid in food fortification by providing high vitamin A
stability. To successfully apply this stabilisation technique, a good understanding of
the interplay between lipase activity, lipid oxidation, wheat bran antioxidants and
vitamin A oxidation is crucial.
Effects of processing conditions and emulsifiers addition of crystallization
kinetics and polymorphism of cupuassu fat and its fractions
Authors:   University of Buenos
            Aires/CONICET, Herrera Maria Lidia , Martinez Karina Dafne ,   Institute of Polymer
            Technology and Nanotechnology, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Ramos Maria ,   ITPN, Candal Roberto ,   University of San
            Martin, Garcia Londoño Victor Alonso ,   National Research Council of
            Argentina (CONICET), Borroni Virginia ,   CONICET
Published: November 2022

A- A+ The effects of processing conditions and addition of the sucrose esters
S-170 and P-170 on crystallization kinetics and polymorphism of cupuassu fat and its
fractions obtained at 29, 26, and 24 °C were study by polarized light microscopy,
differential scanning calorimetry, and in situ small-angle (SAXS) and wide angle (WAXS)
X-ray scattering using synchrotron light. Polymorphic transitions were followed in real
time tempering samples with a thermal cycle or crystallizing them isothermally at
different cooling rates. Cupuassu fat and stearin fractions obtained at 26 and 24°C
crystallized under the beta’2-form in the conditions selected. beta2-form was obtained
after storage at 25 °C for 3 months. Stearin fraction obtained at 29 °C (S-29) had a
complex polymorphic behavior. There was a polymorphic transition from α to β’1-form but
no transition between β’-forms was observed. They were independent to each other showing
fractionation in two different solid solutions. β1-form crystallized after storage
forming crystals with a double-layer arrangement and a characteristic morphology.
Addition of sucrose esters S-170 and P-170 allow overcoming these drawbacks since they
modified polymorphic behavior, allowing crystallizing S-29 in only one β’-form, and also
increased S-29’s β2 tendency during storage, improving its suitability for applications
in chocolate and coatings
Technologies utilizing MCT oil for canine health
Authors:   Nestle Purina
            Petcare, Germain Christina , Gore Asa ,   Nestle Purina
            Petcare, Larson Brian ,   Nestle Purina
            Petcare, Zanghi Brian ,   Nestle Purina
            Petcare
Published: November 2022

Companion animals are integral and important members of our families. Purina
believes pets and people are better together and are committed to improving the health
and quality of life of dogs and cats through nutrition. Purina has completed several
studies showing health benefits of feeding MCT oil, sometimes in conjunction with other
nutrients, on improving the quality of life of dogs. In one study, senior dogs were
randomized into two groups based on initial age, gender and baseline cognitive scores
and fed either a control diet or MCT diet. MCT fed dogs performed significantly better
(p less than 0.05) than control fed dogs on spatial memory and discrimination tests as
well as memory, concept learning and attention tests, had better executive function test
scores (p= 0.0007), and performed better as cognitive task difficulty increased when
compared to control fed dogs. In another study, dogs diagnosed with cognitive
dysfunction syndrome (CDS) received a control, medium MCT (+other nutrients), or a high
MCT (+other nutrients) diet for 90 days. All categories of the CDS screening were
significantly improved (p less than 0.05 , Fisher least significant difference test) in
the dogs fed the medium MCT diet (+other nutrients) diet at the end of the study. An
additional study monitored length of activity in senior dogs while consuming a control
diet and an MCT diet. Both average daily activity and average daytime activity was
increased when dogs consumed the MCT diet (p less than 0.0001 and p=0.0005,
respectively). The beneficial effects of MCT were also assessed in a clinical trial
where client owned dogs diagnosed with intractable idiopathic epilepsy managed with
antiepileptic drugs were fed a control diet and a MCT diet in a crossover design. After
3 months consuming the MCT diet, seizure frequency was reduced in comparison with the
control diet.
Sustainability opportunities in edible oils and fats supply chain
Authors:   Cargill, Inc., Ullmann Tai
Published: November 2022

At Cargill, our ambition is to build the most sustainable food supply chains in
the world. From small family farms to global shipping lanes, Cargill works every day to
implement new sustainable practices to reduce our impact on the planet and protect
people. We know that we must address climate change and conserve water and forests,
while meeting the rising demand for food. These are complex challenges, but we have
overcome many obstacles to keep our food system resilient and we will continue. We feel
a deep responsibility to protect the planet and its people, to ensure a cleaner, safer
future for generations to come.Weâ€™ve set priorities that account for the diverse
environmental, social and economic impacts of our business with clear goals to ensure
progress in line with what the science says is needed to keep our people and planet
thriving:Â·       Climate: reduce greenhouse gas emissions in our operations by 10% by
2025 and reduce emissions in our supply chain by 30% per ton of product sold by
2030.Â·       Land: transform our agricultural supply chains to be deforestation free by
2030Â·       Water: achieve sustainable water management in our operations and all
priority watershedsÂ·       Human Rights: promote and respect human rights as outlined
in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and improve the livelihoods of 10 million
farmers by 2030 through training insustainable agriculture practices and better access
to marketsOur global edible oil solutions are a key part of this ambition. From our new
RegenConnect program for soybean oil to our RSPO Segregated palm oil products, we
continue to drive sustainability progress against our priorities. But, we cannot do this
alone. Through connection and collaboration with farmers, our customers, and global and
local communities, we believe our food system will remain resilient.
Plant protein functionalization: Exploring cold plasma
Authors:   University of
            Minnesota, Ismail Pam
Published: November 2022

While plant protein is gaining traction, functionality limitations is hindering
its market growth. Improving plant protein functionality will enable successful
utilization in various food applications, including meat alternatives. There are several
reports on plant protein functionality and applications, but much is still not known
about the effect of different processing and modifications on the structural and
associated functional changes. Cold plasma, a non-thermal processing technique, is being
explored as a novel means for protein functionalization. Cold plasma technology involves
the exposure of plasma, a partially ionized gas to proteins. The reactive species,
generated by cold plasma can induce several chemical reactions including oxidation, bond
cleavage, and/or polymerization. This presentation will demonstrate the effect of
various cold plasma treatments on pea and other plant protein structural and functional
properties. Protein isolates are subjected to several cold plasma treatment conditions.
Reactive species and changes due to potential chemical reactions are monitored.
Specifically, changes in the protein tertiary, secondary and primary structure will be
evaluated, and chemical reactions will be elucidated. The impact of structural change on
protein functionality will be highlighted. This research will provide for the first time
a controlled evaluation of the impact of cold plasma on protein structural and
functional characteristics. Cold plasma treatment may lead to the production of a viable
plant protein ingredient with functional properties that are comparable or better than
those of traditional protein ingredients.
The biosynthesis and action of enzymatically-oxidized lipids during innate immunity
and inflammation
Authors:   Cardiff University, O'Donnell Valerie
Published: November 2022

In this presentation, I will review our knowledge about the generation and
biological action of enzymatically-oxidized phospholipids (eoxPL) formed by circulating
blood cells during inflammation and clotting.  While the existence of
nonenzymatically-oxidized PL has been known about since the 1990's, the fact that
similar lipids are generated endogenously by enzymes, and that they act as part of
innate immunity, has only been known for about the last 15 years.  In our laboratory,
using precursor scanning tandem mass spectrometry, in collaboration with Robert Murphy
in Denver, we identified related families of lipids that are formed by the action of
lipoxygenases/cyclooxygenases, and the Lands pathway acting in series.  EoxPL comprise
primarily mono-oxygenated arachidonate esterified to phosphatidylcholine and
phosphatidylethanolamine, termed HETE-PC or HETE-PE, although there are also lower
abundance forms derived from docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids formed in human
platelets.  HETE-PL are mainly generated on acute activation of cells (platelets,
neutrophils) or are present basally in eosinophils and some monocyte populations.  They
are not secreted, and instead stay in the membrane compartment and to some extent are
present on the outer leaflet of cells.  When externalised by platelets, they can enhance
blood clotting through changing membrane biophysics.  We also found they can activate
PPARÎ³ and regulate neutrophil antibacterial activities.  All these are events of
importance for innate immunity. In collaboration with clinical colleagues, we are
looking at their generation in atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and venous
thrombosis. We found that they are elevated in antiphospholipid syndrome, along with
higher levels of autoantibodies that recognise them being present in the plasma of
patients.  Mice lacking eoxPL are protected against lesion development in a model of
abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and eoxPL are detected in human AAA lesions.  Last, the
Lands cycle esterification of oxylipins may represent a mechanism for reducing their
bioactivity during inflammation.
Challenges in proposing omega-3 fatty acid recommendations for the public
Authors:   Omegaquant Analytics,
            LLC, Jackson Kristina , Plaza Nayomi ,   USDA Forest Service, Forest
            Products Laboratory
Published: November 2022

Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA,
DHA), are important nutrients, but they do not have a Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
recommendation. This lack of recognition as essential nutrients makes it difficult to
set population guidelines for EPA and DHA (like the Dietary Guidelines for Americans).
Challenges in proposing EPA and DHA recommendations for the public are mainly
determining which health outcomes reflect a €œdeficiency€ for EPA and DHA and defining
the EPA and DHA dose recommendation for the general public and at each life stage. The
modernization of the DRI process to redefine what €œpreventing deficiency€ means for
each nutrient includes allowing the use of chronic health conditions as signs of
deficiency, which may be the path by which EPA and DHA will receive a DRI. A circulating
biomarker that links EPA and DHA intake with chronic disease risk is the Omega-3 Index,
defined as the proportion of EPA and DHA of total erythrocyte fatty acids. An Omega-3
Index of 8% has been shown to be associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease
and an index of less than 4% is associated with higher risk, and these benchmarks could
provide a standard to which intake recommendations could be set. There is evidence that
around 50% of the US and Canadian populations are less than 4% and efforts to improve
omega-3 status and intake in this population may be the most important for population
health, especially for pregnant women. The EPA and DHA dose needed to reach an 8% target
from 4% is higher than what can reasonably be achieved through diet (1.4-2.2 g/d; daily
fish intake); however, aiming to prevent deficiency, or increase the Omega-3 Index above
4% would be more in line with current recommendations (200-300 mg/d; 2 servings of
omega-3-rich fish per week).
From molecular assemblies to nutritious food products
Authors:   Technion - Israel Institute of
            Technology, Davidovich-Pinhas Maya
Published: November 2022

Food products combine a variety of molecular architectures and physical phases
leading to the formation of unique structures responsible for specific textures and
mouthfeel. The food texture is mainly controlled by the molecular assemblies on a
different length scales from the molecular interactions and structural assembly to the
bulk network arrangement. These structures can be harnessed to improve food nutritional
value by replacing harmful ingredients, such as saturated fat, while maintaining
preferable textural attributes and consumer experience.The talk will focus on the
development, characterization and utilization of structuring methods to form new food
systems with unique nutritional and textural attributes. More specifically, the
combination of oil and water structuring approaches using proteins, polysaccharides, and
low molecular weight oil gelators to formulate gel system will be presented. The effect
of various preparation conditions will be presented with respect to stability and
hardness where a significant impact was related to the structuring agent concentration
and preparation procedure. Gel structural properties such as droplet size and
distribution was examined using confocal microscopy while the gel temperature depended
viscoelastic properties were determined using rheology. The Â effect of emulsifier HLB
value on the final gel properties was examined aiming to reveal the role of the
interface properties on the final gel functionality. A direct relation between the
interface content and bigel behavior was found, suggesting an effective way to rationaly
design bigels with specific bulk properties. Overall, bigel systems can enrich the
nutritional profile of high saturated fat materials aiming to improve the consumer
health and wellbeing, while maintaining consumption experience.
Development of a method for separation of geometric isomers of alpha-linolenic acid
in human plasma by silver Ion HPLC and GC-NCI-MS
Authors:   Center For Disease
            Control, Wei Na , Archibold Enada ,   Centers for disease control
            and prevention, Jairo Grace ,   Centers for disease control
            and prevention, Kuiper Heather ,   Centers for disease control
            and prevention
Published: November 2022

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid essential for humans, must be
supplied by diet, mainly from plants. It's a precursor of omega-3 long-chain fatty
acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids which are essential for human
cardiovascular health. ALA consumption may also reduce the risk of heart disease.  The
geometric isomers of ALA in humans are derived from consumption of industrially produced
partially hydrogenated and deodorized vegetable oils. The presence of trans-isomers of
ALA in humans may affect the levels of regular ALA, potentially impacting the beneficial
effects of ALA. Some studies have reported geometric isomers of ALA in human milk and
serum but demonstrate incomplete chromatographic separation. The objective of this work
is to develop a method to separate geometric isomers of ALA in human plasma using silver
ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Ag-HPLC) and detect them using gas
chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS). Sample
preparation involves acidic and alkaline hydrolysis of samples, followed by extraction
of free fatty acids with hexane. Ag-HPLC is then employed for isomer separation, HPLC
fractions containing each isomer are collected, and finally the samples are analyzed by
GC-NCI-MS.  Preliminary data shows all eight geometric isomers of ALA (n-3t6t9t,
n-3t6t9c, n-3c6t9t, n-3t6c9t, n-3t6c9c, n-3c6t9c, n-3c6c9t, and n-3c6c9c) in plasma can
be separated using this approach. Ag-HPLC separation of ALA isomers in human plasma
resulted in the same elution times as the isomers in a standard mixture. The identities
of the isomers were confirmed by comparing their retention times and mass-to-charge
ratios with those of ALA isomer standards via GC-NCI-MS. This approach can potentially
be used to investigate the distribution of ALA geometric isomers in human plasma. The
full resolution of ALA geometric isomers can ensure accurate identification of these
isomers in human plasma, which may aid in understanding their impact on human
health.