bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Walking the “Emotional Tightrope” From Pregnancy to Parenthood
Authors: McKechnie Anne Chevalier , Pridham Karen , Tluczek Audrey
Published: December 2015

Advances in medical technology account for increasingly more couples receiving fetal diagnoses of complex congenital heart disease. Theory on internal working models of caregiving during parenting transitions informed this prospective, exploratory study. Data included conjoint interviews and measures of anxiety, trauma, and depression collected from six couples after diagnosis and after birth. Severity of illness was described using infant health records. Directed content analysis furthered understanding of the caregiving motivation to manage health care that included three categories of parental efforts: (a) to determine expectations of health care providers, (b) to reconcile illness- and non-illness-related care, and (c) to express agency as a parent. Synthesis of qualitative findings transformed into categorical ratings with parents’ levels of distress resulted in two profiles characterizing types of internal working models. Findings extend theory on internal working models of caregiving and offer direction for future research regarding parental management of health care for their chronically ill offspring. Implications for practice with families are offered.
The Parents’, Hospitalized Child’s, and Health Care Providers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Family-Centered Care Within a Pediatric Critical Care Setting
Authors: Foster Mandie , Whitehead Lisa , Maybee Patricia
Published: December 2015

Family-centered care (FCC) purports that unlimited presence and involvement of the family in the care of the hospitalized child will optimize the best outcome for the child, family, and institution. A systematic appraisal was conducted of peer-reviewed, English-language, primary quantitative research conducted within a pediatric critical care setting reported from 1998 to 2014. The aim of this review was to explore the parents’, hospitalized child’s, and health care providers’ perception of FCC within pediatric critical care. Fifty-nine articles met the criteria that generated themes of stress, communication, and parents’ and children’s needs. This review highlighted that communication tailored to meet the parents’ and child’s needs is the key to facilitating FCC and positive health outcomes. Health care providers need to be available to provide clinical expertise and support throughout the health care journey. Future initiatives, education, and research are needed to evaluate the benefits of parent- and child-led FCC practice.
Learning Alone, Together
Authors: Blankenship Justin C. , Gibson Rhonda
Published: December 2015

In a closed-cohort educational program design, students enter a program together, take the same courses together, and, ideally, graduate together. In an effort to increase interaction and communication among students, it has been utilized more and more for online graduate programs. This article surveyed students in one of the few closed-cohort graduate programs in a mass communication school. Results indicate that students found several aspects of closed-cohort important, valued social media sites as a way to communicate with other cohort members, felt a strong sense of community among their cohort, and used their cohort to create a professional network of peers.
Driving the Paradigm
Authors: Wolgemuth Jennifer R.
Published: December 2015

In this article, I explore my fantasy qualitative classroom, one that promotes “paradigm driving,” rather than paradigm-driven research. I discuss how paradigm essentialism, ontologization, and idolization, although important to learning qualitative research, get in the way of creative, flexible, and ambiguous approaches to research design. I share strategies for disrupting these forces in the classroom. My exploration highlights the challenges of teaching with multiple epistemologies in mind. I conclude by welcoming failure as necessary to revise my ideals and to stave off the fascism involved in imposing a utopian fantasy and looking forward to how I will work with failure the next time.
A Two-Step Teaching Strategy for Coping With Textualization Fever in Ethnography
Authors: Brummans Boris H. J. M. , Vásquez Consuelo
Published: December 2015

Ethnography is grounded in the belief that we can produce sensible knowledge about a social collectivity by carefully textualizing its members’ lived experience, which is inextricably linked to our own. Yet how can we teach students the skills necessary to inscribe everyday life without instilling in them an obsession with writing that propels them out of the very life they’re trying to investigate? In this article, we reflect critically on this often unquestioned, but crucial, question and draw on our own teaching experiences to propose a two-step strategy that can help graduate students and faculty cope with the “textualization fever” inherent in the ethnographic enterprise.
The Sardinia Radio Telescope: A comparison between close-range photogrammetry and finite element models
Authors: Buffa Franco , Causin Andrea , Cazzani Antonio , Poppi Sergio , Sanna Giannina , Solci Margherita , Stochino Flavio , Turco Emilio
Published: December 2015

The Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT), located near Cagliari (Italy), is the world’s second largest fully steerable radio telescope endowed with an active-surface system. Its primary mirror has a quasi-parabolic shape with a diameter of 64 m. The configuration of the primary mirror surface can be modified by means of electro-mechanical actuators. This capability ensures, within a fixed range, the balancing of the deformation caused, for example, by loads such as self-weight, thermal effects and wind pressure. In this way, the difference between the ideal shape of the mirror (which maximizes its performances) and the actual surface can be reduced. In this paper the authors describe the characteristics of the SRT, the close-range photogrammetry (CRP) survey developed in order to set up the actuator displacements, and a finite element model capable of accurately estimating the structural deformations. Numerical results are compared with CRP measurements in order to test the accuracy of the model.
Social, Environmental and Sustainable Entrepreneurship Research
Authors: Schaefer Katrin , Corner Patricia Doyle , Kearins Kate
Published: December 2015

What process of socioeconomic transformation might move humanity towards sustainability-as-flourishing, an ideal view of sustainability where life flourishes indefinitely on Earth? We suggest entrepreneurship as one such process and review the literature on three types of entrepreneurship said to transform society by creating value beyond profit: social, environmental and sustainable entrepreneurship. From environmental and social scientific literature, we distil a set of requisites for sustainability-as-flourishing, a topic of growing interest. We then review the literature on social, environmental and sustainable entrepreneurship relative to these requisites. Findings show contributions and also limitations towards sustainability-as-flourishing reflected in research on each type of entrepreneurship. We propose a research agenda to address the most glaring limitations including a failure to study critical reflection processes that can shape entrepreneurs’ actions and a lack of emphasis on the Earth’s physical carrying capacity. Future research could also zero in more on complex systems thinking and consider root causes.
Industries Regulation and Firm Environmental Disclosure: A Stakeholders’ Perspective on the Importance of Legitimation and International Activities
Authors: Delgado-Márquez Blanca L. , Pedauga Luis E. , Cordón-Pozo Eulogio
Published: December 2015

The potential negative environmental consequences of the activities of international firms has been scrutinized. In response to these pressures, international firms have started to disclose (voluntarily or not) environmental information in order to increase transparency and ensure legitimacy. While several factors have been pointed out as the drivers of such disclosing behavior, the role of industrial regulation has remained underesearched. To better understand this challenge, we rely on a sample of 1,150 international firms (top vs. nontop) worldwide from regulated and unregulated sectors. Our results suggest that unregulated firms disclose—to cope with higher stakeholders pressures—more environmental information than firms operating in regulated environments. Additionally, a firm’s international position positively influences its environmental disclosure, but it does negatively and partially moderate the relationship between industrial regulation of the sector in which the firm operates and such firm’s environmental disclosure. Our findings may also entail interesting contributions both for practitioners and scholars.
Par-BF: A parallel partitioned Bloom filter for dynamic data sets
Authors: Liu Yi , Ge Xiongzi , Du David Hung-Chang , Huang Xiaoxia
Published: December 2015

Compared with a hash table, a Bloom filter (BF) is more space efficient for supporting fast matching through a controllable and acceptable false positive probability. The space size of the basic BF is predetermined based on the expected number of elements to be stored. However, we cannot predict the space scale of a BF for dynamic sets. It is still challenging for the two existing solutions, scalable BF (SBF) and dynamic BF (DBF), to manipulate dynamic data sets with low memory overhead but achieving high performance. This article presents a partitioned BF (Par-BF) for dynamic data sets. Compared with DBF and SBF, Par-BF is able to leverage a sweet spot between high performance and low overhead by a group of formulas to support fast concurrent matching. Specifically, the size and the range of the false positive probability in Par-BF can be deliberately derived. From our trace-driven experimental results, the input/output operations per second of Par-BF outperforms that of DBF and SBF by 10× to 14× and by 3× to 8×, respectively. Besides, through our proposed garbage collection policy, Par-BF consumes less than half of the memory usage of SBF.
A Mixed-Method Analysis of Fatal Attacks on Police by Far-Right Extremists
Authors: Gruenewald Jeff , Dooley Kiefer Michael G. , Suttmoeller Michael J. , Chermak Steven M. , Freilich Joshua D.
Published: December 2015

Several recent high-profile homicides of police officers have brought increased attention to issues of far-right extremist violence in the United States. We still, however, know very little about why (and how) certain encounters between far-right extremists and police result in violence. To fill this research gap, we conduct a mixed-method analysis of far-right antipolice homicides based on quantitative and qualitative data from the U.S. Extremist Crime Database. We begin by categorizing cases based on key aspects of homicide storylines. We then comparatively analyze attributes of event precursor, transaction, and aftermath stages across four storyline categories. Finally, a case study is purposively selected to follow-up on each storyline category to better capture the nuances of fluid homicide processes. Our findings have important implications for identifying triggering events, escalation factors, and other situated sets of conditions and circumstances that contribute to deadly outcomes for police officers.
Mechanical properties analysis of steel– concrete–steel composite beam
Authors: Zou Guang P , Xia Pei X , Shen Xin H , Wang Peng
Published: December 2015

The interface slip will appear between the steel plates and concrete while the steel–concrete–steel composite beam under loading. It may influence the mechanical properties of the composite beam. In this paper, through theoretical analysis of the steel–concrete–steel composite beam, differential equation of interface slip is established at first. By simulating the real boundary, the formulas of interface slip are calculated under uniform and arbitrary concentrated load. Then, the axial force, the sectional curvature, and deformation of composite beams are obtained. In order to validate the reliability of the theoretical analysis, the deformation of 18 samples is calculated by using the deformation formulas of steel–concrete–steel composite beam. The results are in good agreement with the experimental consequences. Through an example, the mechanical properties of composite beams (axial force, sectional curvature, and deformation) are analyzed under interfacial slip. With the decreasing of interfacial slip, axial force of upper plate increases, and sectional curvature and deflection decrease. For lower steel plate, the interfacial slip has smaller effect.
Understanding the complexity of identity and belonging: A case study of French female migrants in Manchester and London
Authors: Goulahsen Leila
Published: December 2015

This article presents the results of a case study that aims to highlight the processes by which French female migrants in London and Manchester attempt to de/re/construct identities to negotiate the challenges of the cultural and social structures in England. This research centres on 15 semi-structured interviews with French women residents of diverse backgrounds. The interviews conducted represent counter-narratives to existing studies which focus only on highly skilled French migrants in London and define them as free movers and ‘invisible migrants’. This study attempts to fill a gap by examining solely French women migrants in Manchester and London as a strategic research site for a number of key research questions taken from the current literature of intra-European migration, gender and identity. Indeed, the ways in which migrants negotiate their identity are crucial to migration studies and have to be analysed in relation to women’s specific experience. The study exemplifies how migrants’ identities are a ground of negotiation, contestation, deconstruction and reconstruction. Patterns that emerged in this study first highlight the high heterogeneity among women’s strategies of self-identification and definition and sense of belonging in a changing Europe. The article concludes by proposing a refined notion of transculturality as a useful concept for future explorations of changes in contemporary European societies and the role women can have in them.
Ideological dilemmas of female populist radical right politicians
Authors: Pettersson Katarina
Published: December 2015

Radical right political parties are usually heavily male-dominated; accordingly, previous research has concentrated on the perspective of men. The present study aims to enhance the understanding of the worldview of women within radical right parties. Taking a critical discursive psychological approach, the study looks at how female populist radical right politicians in Sweden and Finland discursively negotiate the tension between the Nordic societal norm of gender equality, on the one hand, and the patriarchal ideology of populist radical right parties, on the other. The analysis suggests that the female populist radical right politicians’ discourse is indeed highly ambivalent. The discursive tension between gender equality and a patriarchal politics is heavily intertwined with two further tensions: first, that of a societal norm against prejudice versus a politics based on xenophobia; and second, that of a culture that cherishes individualism versus a political pressure to homogenize the political or cultural ‘Other’. The study compares the discourse of female populist radical right politicians in the two country contexts. Moreover, it discusses the differences and similarities between this discourse, on the one hand, and that of male populist radical right politicians, on the other. Finally, it analyses the gendered and racialized categorizations accomplished by the discursive patterns, and elaborates on their societal implications.
Fire-raising feminists: Embodied experience and activism in academia
Authors: Pétursdóttir Gyða Margrét
Published: December 2015

Sexual violence of various forms, be it sexual harassment or sexual abuse, perpetrated by male professors against their female students has gained societal visibility through media broadcasts. This article tells the tale of the 2013 recruitment to the University of Iceland of a former political party leader, minister and ambassador. He was publicly called out in 2012 for his alleged sexual offences, perpetrated some years earlier. The story is told from two different viewpoints: from that of the media and from the article author’s own standpoint as assistant professor in gender studies with co-responsibility for his de-recruitment. In the media story, opinion leaders from the political, judicial and media spheres take centre stage. The author thus utilizes the concepts patriarchal homosociality and influencers. Based on the findings from the media analyses, the author lays out her defence and justification, using embodiment as the core of her argument. She draws on black feminist knowledge validation processes, more specifically, the ethic of caring and personal accountability. Furthermore, she explores affective feminist pedagogy, i.e. connecting mind and body through self-actualization. By contrasting the two accounts, that of the media and her own feminist standpoint, the author sheds light on the role that influencers play in preserving patriarchal power and the status quo against ‘fire-raising feminists’ in academia and society at large.
Endothelial interleukin-21 receptor up-regulation in peripheral artery disease
Authors: Wang Tao , Cunningham Alexis , Houston Kevin , Sharma Aditya M , Chen Lingdan , Dokun Ayotunde O , Lye R John , Spolski Rosanne , Leonard Warren J , Annex Brian H
Published: December 2015

In most patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD), severe stenosis in or occlusion of the major blood vessels that supply the legs make the amount of distal blood flow dependent on the capacity to induce angiogenesis and collateral vessel formation. Currently, there are no medications that improve perfusion to the ischemic limb, and thus directly treat the primary problem of PAD. A recent report from our group in a pre-clinical mouse PAD model showed that interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) is up-regulated in the endothelial cells from ischemic hindlimb muscle. We further showed that loss of IL-21R resulted in impaired perfusion recovery in this model. In our study, we sought to determine whether IL-21R is present in the endothelium from ischemic muscle of patients with PAD. Using human gastrocnemius muscle biopsies, we found increased levels of IL-21R in the skeletal muscle endothelial cells of patients with PAD compared to control individuals. Interestingly, PAD patients had approximately 1.7-fold higher levels of circulating IL-21. These data provide direct evidence that the IL-21R pathway is indeed up-regulated in patients with PAD. This pathway may serve as a therapeutic target for modulation.
Member of a school or exponent of a paradigm? Jürgen Habermas and critical theory
Authors: Müller-Doohm Stefan
Published: December 2015

The label ‘Frankfurt School’ became popular in the ‘positivism dispute’ in the mid-1960s, but this article shows that it is wrong to describe Jürgen Habermas as representing a ‘second generation’ of exponents of critical theory. His communication theory of society is intended not as a transformation of, but as an alternative to, the older tradition of thought represented by Adorno and Horkheimer. The novel and innovative character of Habermas’s approach is demonstrated in relation to three thematic complexes: (1) the public sphere and language; (2) democracy and the constitutional state; and (3) system and lifeworld as categories for a theory of modernity.
Thermal performance evaluation of a mineral-based cement tile as roofing material
Authors: Kiran Kumar D.E.V.S. , Puranik Sanket
Published: December 2015

In tropical climates like India, solar radiation is the major source of heat gain through roofs as they are exposed to the sun throughout the day. As the ambient conditions are dynamic, it is important to look at periodic variation of heat flow through roofs. In this context, apart from U-values that the Energy Conservation Building Code of India (ECBC-2007) prescribes for envelopes, more specific performance indicators should be considered for designing energy efficient buildings. The study presented in this paper evaluates thermal performance of Cement Tile as roofing material and compares it with the performance of two other typical roof insulation materials monitored in hot and dry climate of India. The results are supported with physical structures using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images and energy simulations. Despite having higher overall U-value (over six times), Model 1 (with Cement Tile) shows better thermal performance and negligible energy savings than Model 2 (with extruded polystyrene as insulation material) and Model 3 (with POP false ceiling). Therefore, the overall U-values calculated from the layer wise thermal conductivity along with Discomfort Degree Hour, Building Index, and Average heat flux would provide a better understanding of thermal performance of the roof as was demonstrated by our experiments.
Identifying and addressing equivocal trouble in understanding within classroom interaction
Authors: Ekberg Stuart , Danby Susan , Davidson Christina , Thorpe Karen J
Published: December 2015

Maintaining intersubjectivity is crucial for accomplishing coordinated social action. Although conversational repair is a recognised defence of intersubjectivity and routinely used to address ostensible sources of trouble in social interaction, it is less clear how people address more equivocal trouble. This study uses conversation analysis to examine preschool classroom interaction, focusing on practices used to identify and address such trouble. Repair is found to be a recurrent frontline practice for addressing equivocal trouble, occasioning space for further information that might enable identifying a specific trouble source. Where further information is forthcoming, a range of strategies are subsequently employed to address the trouble. Where this is not possible or does not succeed, a secondary option is to progress a broader activity-in-progress. This allows for the possibility of another opportunity to identify and address the trouble. Given that misunderstandings can jeopardise interactants’ ability to mutually accomplish courses of action, these practices defend intersubjectivity against the threat of equivocal trouble.
Production and characterization of A5083–Al2O3–TiO2 hybrid surface nanocomposite by friction stir processing
Authors: Ahmadifard Saeed , Kazemi Shahab , Heidarpour Akbar
Published: December 2015

In this study, the production and characterization of A5083–Al2O3–TiO2 hybrid surface nanocomposite by friction stir processing have been investigated. The effect of different ratios of nanosized Al2O3 and TiO2 particles on microstructural and mechanical properties was investigated. A threaded cylindrical hardened steel tool was used with the rotation speed of 500 r/min and travel speed of 56 mm/min and a tilt angle of 3°. Microhardness of base metal and treated surfaces as well as tensile strength was evaluated. The samples were characterized by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the maximum tensile strength and hardness value were achieved for a mixture of Al2O3 and TiO2 in the ratio of 25–75, respectively. The microhardness and tensile strength were respectively increased by 50% and 182% while ductility was reduced by 60%.
Mg-based porous metals as cancellous bone analogous material: A review
Authors: Jasmawati N , Fatihhi SJ , Putra AMS , Syahrom Ardiyansyah , Harun MN , Öchsner Andreas , Abdul Kadir MR
Published: December 2015

Interest in cancellous bone analogous materials is driven by the development of tissue engineering and biomaterials. For the past decade, the research focus has been centered on biodegradable materials, in which the ability of the material to safely degrade in the human body while retaining sufficient qualities during service is conveniently cost-effective and less morbid. Among others, magnesium and its alloys have presented the best qualities especially as load-bearing biomaterials. In this article, the promising details of porous magnesium and its alloys as a cancellous bone analogous material developed during the past 10 years are highlighted. The manufacturing processes, mechanical performance, and biocompatibility of porous magnesium and its alloys are discussed. The Achilles’ heel of current evaluation was identified. Further, a few prospective developments of porous magnesium and its alloys are put forward with advanced desirable qualities as a cancellous bone analogous material.
Feminist originalism: Intersectionality and the politics of reading
Authors: Nash Jennifer C.
Published: December 2015

This article examines the growing body of commemorative feminist work on intersectionality – the myriad journals and books that have marked intersectionality’s twentieth anniversary and celebrated the analytic’s field-defining status and cross-disciplinary circulation. I argue that this commemorative scholarship is marked by its own genre conventions, including the emergence of originalism, an investment in returning to the ‘inaugural’ intersectional texts – namely Crenshaw’s two articles (1989, 1991) – and assessing later feminist work on intersectionality by its fidelity to those texts. The article reveals that intersectional originalism is its own practice of re-reading and re-interpretation that has its own complex temporal and racial politics, and which is animated by a desire to rescue intersectionality from critique in a moment in which identity politics are increasingly suspect.
Topos taxi: Michel Foucault and Virginia Woolf on two modern grammars of love
Authors: Bojö Anna-Klara
Published: December 2015

The concept of love has emerged as a central topic for philosophical and theoretical discussion over the past few years. Whereas the dominant ideology of love in contemporary culture insists that love be understood as a discovery of my long lost second half with whom I merge and finally recreate a whole, contemporary philosophers and theorists have stressed the need to reconsider the concept of love within an ethical framework that can sustain the idea of the other as forever different and separate. Taking as a starting point two different taxi scenes offered by Foucault and Woolf respectively, the article outlines and discusses those two contemporary love grammars, focusing on the concepts of lack and fantasy. Whereas Woolf’s taxi scene is reminiscent of a notion of love as a fantasy of unification, Foucault’s notion of love not only observes the need to maintain the other’s specificity and separateness, but also considers lack and fantasy to be primary and fundamental parts of love as lived experience. While Foucault insists on pleasure and action he also observes the central and unavoidable power of imagination that is attributed the name and function of recollection. The article finally addresses the question of if and how we might be responsible for our daydreams and fantasies.
Citizen sources in the news: Above and beyond the vox pop?
Authors: Kleemans Mariska , Schaap Gabi , Hermans Liesbeth
Published: December 2015

Both within journalism and academia it is argued that citizen voices should have a greater prominence in news to counterbalance the virtual monopoly of elite sources. This study extends previous studies – showing increased presence of citizens in news – by investigating relevant but unanswered questions, namely, (1) whether there has been a change in their prominence relative to elite and civil society sources and (2) in which capacity citizens have been present in the past two-and-a-half decades. Moreover, (3) citizens’ contribution to different story topics is explored. In this study, 1425 television news stories broadcast between 1990 and 2014 ( N = 2413 sources) are analyzed. Results show that citizen sources became more prominent at the cost of elite sources. However, elite sources still remain the primary definers in news. Citizens do not get a more substantive, relevant voice as they are primarily used as vox pops, regardless of story topic.
The Buzzfeedication of journalism? How traditional news organizations are talking about a new entrant to the journalistic field will surprise you!
Authors: Tandoc Edson C , Jenkins Joy
Published: December 2015

Guided by the framework of field theory, this study analyzes how traditional news organizations perceived, defined, and represented BuzzFeed, a website that rose to online fame through aggregation of funny memes and cat videos but has since started producing investigative and long-form journalism pieces, heralding its formal entry into the journalistic field. Four themes emerged from the analysis. First, traditional news organizations demonstrate ambivalence in defining BuzzFeed. Second, traditional news organizations invoke journalistic doxa in their representations of BuzzFeed, to some extent demonstrating how they recognize BuzzFeed as having entered the journalistic field. This is consistent with the third theme, where traditional news organizations problematize BuzzFeed’s forms of economic and cultural capital. Finally, despite some degrees of uncertainty, traditional news organizations seem to positively welcome BuzzFeed’s entry into the journalistic field, both as a transformative force and as a potential ally for preservation.
Effects of biofuel blends on transient reactivity-controlled compression ignition engine combustion
Authors: Hanson Reed M , Reitz Rolf D
Published: December 2015

Reactivity-controlled compression ignition is a low-temperature engine combustion strategy that utilizes in-cylinder blending of fuels with different autoignition characteristics to produce low NOx (oxides of nitrogen) and particulate matter emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. This study investigates reactivity-controlled compression ignition combustion in a light-duty, multi-cylinder, compression ignition engine over steady-state and transient operating conditions with both petroleum and bio-derived fuels. The engine experiments consisted of in-cylinder fuel blending with port fuel injection of gasoline or E20 and early-cycle, direct injection of ultra-low sulfur diesel or B20. Performance and emissions results were compared at steady-state and over an up-load change between 1 and 4 bar brake mean effective pressure at 1500 r/min. The results under steady-state operation showed that E20 offered reduced hydrocarbon emissions from the lower port fuel injection mass fraction. Port fuel injection mass fraction is defined as the mass fraction of the port fuel injection injected fuel compared to the total fuel injected, as calculated by [Formula: see text]. E20 also was shown to offer higher peak load capability and thermal efficiency than gasoline. Conversely, B20 was found to require a higher port fuel injection mass fraction with resulting higher hydrocarbon emissions. Peak load and efficiency were not affected by the use of B20. Steady-state NO and particulate matter emissions were unaffected by either of the biofuels. During the transient tests, E20 reduced hydrocarbon emissions while B20 increased hydrocarbon emissions. Both biofuels offered faster transient response to recover the CA50 to the steady-state CA50 value than gasoline or ultra-low sulfur diesel.
Marketing as mystification
Authors: Dholakia Nikhilesh
Published: December 2015

A panel on “Marketing as Mystification” convened at the 2011 Academy of Marketing conference in Liverpool. Ideas from the Liverpool event were supplemented by commentaries from selected other authors. Each commentary explores the aspects of “mystification” observable in marketing discourses and practices. In what follows, Laufer interprets marketing mystification as modern form of sophism, Dholakia and Firat discuss mystifying ways that inequality is marketed, Varman analyzes the perversion and mystification of “development” via neoliberal marketing of “social entrepreneurship,” Mikkonen explores mystifying marketing representations of gays and lesbians, and Freund and Jacobi present a fascinating interpretation of how Coca-Cola advertising mystically reassures us that our difficult, dangerous lifeworld is actually quite hunky-dory.
Applicability of mesopic factors to the driving task
Authors: Gibbons RB , Terry T , Bhagavathula R , Meyer J , Lewis A
Published: December 2015

With the advent of light-emitting diode technology being applied to roadway lighting, the spectral power distribution of the light source is becoming much more important. In this experiment, the detection of pedestrians at five adaptation levels under three light sources, high pressure sodium and light emitting diodes of two colour temperatures was measured in realistic roadway scenarios. The results show that while the light source type was not significant, an increase in adaptation luminance increased the detection distance. As the offset of the object to the roadway increased, some spectral effects became more significant; however, this effect was not consistent across all angles of eccentricity. The conclusions from this work indicate that mesopic factors may not be applicable on high-speed roads.
Cone fundamentals: A model for the future of colorimetry
Authors: Viénot F
Published: December 2015

Cone fundamentals is the name given to the relative spectral sensitivity of long-wave sensitive, medium-wave sensitive and short-wave sensitive cones. Cone fundamentals represent the spectral absorptances of the retinal photopigments in the cones multiplied by the spectral transmittances of the ocular media through which light passes to reach the retina. The CIE 2006 cone fundamentals are based on the Stiles and Burch experimental colour matches and have been validated by recent microspectrophotometric measurements and modelling. A new physiologically based version of the MacLeod–Boynton chromaticity diagram is proposed by the CIE as well as a cone-fundamental-based ( xF, yF) chromaticity diagram. All the data necessary to use these concepts for high-precision colorimetric calculations are readily available.
Educational goods and values: A framework for decision makers
Authors: Brighouse Harry , Ladd Helen F. , Loeb Susanna , Swift Adam
Published: December 2015

This article articulates a framework suitable for use when making decisions about education policy. Decision makers should establish what the feasible options are and evaluate them in terms of their contribution to the development, and distribution, of educational goods in children, balanced against the negative effect of policies on important independent values. The article articulates a theory of educational goods by reference to six capacities that children should develop – economic productivity, autonomy, democratic competence, healthy personal relationships, treating others as equals, and personal fulfillment. It demarcates three distributive values – adequacy, equality, and benefitting the less advantaged. And it distinguishes several independent values – childhood goods, parents’ interests, respect for democratic processes, and freedom of residence and occupation.
Educational governance and innovation: Technology as end and means of government
Authors: Cifuentes Gary
Published: December 2015

Innovation in education enhanced by new technologies has become a central issue in the agenda of many countries around the world. This article analyses this emergence as a dispositive installed in education and points out the need to understand how it is enacted on specific practices. As a main theoretical framework, this work employs an analytics of government, providing an understanding of the enactment of such dispositive for innovation through the analysis of concrete practices of government. In examining three practices, that is, shepherding, accountability and action at a distance, I propose a critical understanding of the role of technology as an end and as a means for the practice of government. Furthermore, I suggest that revealing a dispositive for innovation in education is not sufficient unless the analysis includes a deep reflection on technologies and their implications for the constitution of subjects.
Home monitoring of daytime mouthpiece ventilation effectiveness in patients with neuromuscular disease
Authors: Nardi Julie , Leroux Karl , Orlikowski David , Prigent Hélène , Lofaso Frédéric
Published: December 2015

Mouthpiece ventilation (MPV) allows patients with neuromuscular disease to receive daytime support from a portable ventilator, which they can disconnect at will, for example, for speaking, eating, swallowing, and coughing. However, MPV carries a risk of underventilation. Our purpose here was to evaluate the effectiveness of daytime MPV under real-life conditions. Eight wheelchair-bound patients who used MPV underwent daytime polygraphy at home with recordings of airflow, mouthpiece pressure, thoracic and abdominal movements, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), and transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PtcCO2). Times and durations of tasks and activities were recorded. The Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI) was computed. Patient–ventilator disconnections ≥3 minutes and episodes of hypoventilation defined as PtcCO2>45 mmHg were counted. Patient–ventilator asynchrony events were analyzed. The AHI was >5 hour−1 in two patients. Another patient experienced unexplained 3% drops in arterial oxygen saturations at a frequency of 70 hour−1. Patient–ventilator disconnections ≥3 minutes occurred in seven of eight patients and were consistently associated with decreases in SpO2 and ≥5-mmHg increases in PtcCO2; PtcCO2 rose above 45 mmHg in two patients during these disconnections. The most common type of patient–ventilator asynchrony was ineffective effort. This study confirms that MPV can be effective as long as the patient remains connected to the mouthpiece. However, transient arterial oxygen desaturation and hypercapnia due to disconnection from the ventilator may occur, without inducing unpleasant sensations in the patients. Therefore, an external warning system based on a minimal acceptable value of minute ventilation would probably be useful.
An economic evaluation of a self-management programme of activity, coping and education for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Dritsaki Melina , Johnson-Warrington Vicki , Mitchell Katy , Singh Sally , Rees Karen
Published: December 2015

The aim was to undertake a cost-utility analysis of a self-management programme of activity, coping and education (SPACE) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The analysis was conducted alongside a six-month randomized controlled trial in 30 primary care settings. The economic analysis used data from 184 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COPD, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio <0.7 and with grade 2–5 on the Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale. Participants received either a self-management programme consisting of an education manual (SPACE for COPD) and consultation or usual care. Six-month costs were estimated from the National Health Service and Personal Social Services perspective and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated based on patient responses at baseline and six months.

The mean difference in costs between usual care and SPACE FOR COPD programme was −£27.18 (95% confidence interval (CI); −£122.59 to £68.25) while mean difference in QALYs was −0.10 (95% CI; −0.17 to −0.02). The results suggest that the intervention is more costly and more effective than usual care. The probability of the intervention being cost-effective was 97% at a threshold of £20,000/QALY gained. We conclude that the SPACE FOR COPD programme is cost-effective compared to usual care.
Financial Record Checking in Surveys
Authors: Murphy Joe , Rosen Jeffrey , Richards Ashley , Riley Sarah , Peytchev Andy , Lindblad Mark
Published: December 2015

Self-reports of financial information in surveys, such as wealth, income, and assets, are particularly prone to inaccuracy. We sought to improve the quality of financial information captured in a survey conducted by phone and in person by encouraging respondents to check records when reporting on income and assets. We investigated whether suggestive prompts influenced unit response, compliance with the request to check records, precision of estimates, and accuracy. We conducted a split sample experiment in the Community Advantage Panel Survey in which half of telephone respondents and half of in-person household interview respondents were encouraged to check the records. We found a modest positive effect of prompts on compliance but no effect on unit response, precision, or accuracy.
Clinical Implications of Additional Pedal Artery Angioplasty in Critical Limb Ischemia Patients With Infrapopliteal and Pedal Artery Disease
Authors: Nakama Tatsuya , Watanabe Nozomi , Kimura Toshiyuki , Ogata Kenji , Nishino Shun , Furugen Makoto , Koiwaya Hiroshi , Furukawa Koji , Nakamura Eisaku , Yano Mitsuhiro , Daian Takehiro , Kuriyama Nehiro , Shibata Yoshisato
Published: December 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical implications of additional pedal artery angioplasty (PAA) for patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). Methods: Twenty-nine patients (mean age 77.8±8.6 years; 21 men) with CLI (32 limbs) presenting with de novo infrapopliteal and pedal artery (Kawarada type 2/3) disease were reviewed. The need for PAA was based on the existence of sufficient wound blush (WB) around the target wounds after conventional above-the-ankle revascularization. Fourteen patients with insufficient WB in 14 limbs received additional PAA, while 15 patients with sufficient WB in 18 limbs did not. The groups were compared for overall survival, limb salvage, and amputation-free survival within 1 year after the procedure. The wound healing rate, time to wound healing, and freedom from reintervention rate were also evaluated. Result: The success rate of additional PAA was 93% (13/14). All limbs with successful PAA achieved sufficient WB (13/13). Despite insufficient WB before the additional PAA, overall survival (86% vs 73%, p=0.350), limb salvage (93% vs 83%, p=0.400), amputation-free survival (79% vs 53%, p=0.102), and freedom from reintervention (64% vs 73%, p=0.668) rates were similar in both groups. Furthermore, the wound healing rate (93% vs 60%, p=0.05) was higher and time to wound healing (86.0±18.7 vs 152.0±60.2 days, p=0.05) was shorter in the patients who received PAA. Conclusion: Additional PAA might improve the WB and clinical outcomes (especially speed and extent of wound healing) in patients with CLI attributed to infrapopliteal and pedal artery disease.
Systematic Review of Off-the-Shelf or Physician-Modified Fenestrated and Branched Endografts
Authors: Georgiadis George S. , van Herwaarden Joost A. , Antoniou George A. , Hazenberg Constantijn E. V. B. , Giannoukas Athanasios D. , Lazarides Miltos K. , Moll Frans L.
Published: December 2015

Purpose: To determine the safety and efficacy of off-the-shelf fenestrated/branched grafts (OSFGs) and physician-modified stent-grafts (PMSGs) for the treatment of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms. Methods: A systematic search of the MEDLINE database via PubMed from January 2001 through March 2015 retrieved 23 relevant articles evaluating the clinical outcomes following the management of patients with pararenal or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. The 15 articles on PMSGs and 8 on OSFGs contained data on 308 patients (mean age 72.93±2.89 years; 213 men). The safety endpoint was major adverse events; the efficacy outcome measure was clinical treatment success (aneurysm exclusion without type I/III endoleak, permanent paralysis, long-term dialysis, or unresolved major complications). Extracted outcome data were pooled and compared between groups; data are given as the pooled proportions and 95% confidence interval (CI). Clinical data are presented as the weighted mean. Results: Of the 308 patients analyzed, almost one third were operated on an emergency basis. The mean aneurysm diameters were 75.9±17.3 mm (range 56–115) for the PMSGs and 68.1±13.7 mm (range 60–100) for the OSFGs. A total of 936 renal and visceral vessels were targeted. Major adverse events (safety) occurred in 24 (12.8%) PMSG patients (95% CI 8.6% to 18.7%) and in 9 (7.4%) OSFG patients (95% CI 3.7% to 14%). Clinical treatment success (efficacy) was observed in 171/187 (91.4%) PMSG patients (95% CI 86.2% to 94.9%) and in 115/121 (95%) OSFG patients (95% CI 89.1% to 98.0%). Corresponding cumulative 30-day target vessel and branch stent perfusion rates were 97.2% (95% CI 95.1% to 98.4%) and 97.6% (95% CI 95.5% to 98.8%) for the PMSG group and 99.6% (95% CI 98.3% to 99.9%) and 98.4% (95% CI 96.5% to 99.4%) for the OSFG group. Six (3.2%) deaths occurred in the PMSG group only; 2 (1.1%) were aneurysm related. Overall branch patency was recorded in 443/458 (96.7%) and in 468/478 (97.9%) of target vessels in the PMSG and OSFG groups, respectively. Conclusion: Off-the-shelf and physician-modified technology seems effective and safe, in both the elective and acute settings, for the treatment of complex aortic aneurysms. Future research within a randomized trial should investigate the true limitations of these devices.
An In Vitro Phantom Study on the Role of the Bird-Beak Configuration in Endograft Infolding in the Aortic Arch
Authors: Pasta Salvatore , Scardulla Francesco , Rinaudo Antonino , Raffa Giuseppe Maria , D’Ancona Giuseppe , Pilato Michele , Scardulla Cesare
Published: December 2015

Purpose: To assess endograft infolding for excessive bird-beak configurations in the aortic arch in relation to hemodynamic variables by quantifying device displacement and rotation of oversized stent-grafts deployed in a phantom model. Methods: A patient-specific, compliant, phantom pulsatile flow model was reconstructed from a patient who presented with collapse of a Gore TAG thoracic endoprosthesis. Device infolding was measured under different flow and pressure conditions for 3 protrusion extensions (13, 19, and 24 mm) of the bird-beak configuration resulting from 2 TAG endografts with oversizing of 11% and 45%, respectively. Results: The bird-beak configuration with the greatest protrusion extension exhibited the maximum TAG device displacement (1.66 mm), while the lowest protrusion extension configuration led to the minimum amount of both displacement and rotation parameters (0.25 mm and 0.6°, respectively). A positive relationship was found between the infolding parameters and the flow circulating in the aorta and left subclavian artery. Similarly, TAG device displacement was positively and significantly (p<0.05) correlated with the pulse pressure for all bird-beak configurations and device sizes. However, no collapse was observed under chronic perfusion testing maintained for 30 days and pulse pressure of 100 mm Hg. Conclusion: These findings suggest that endograft infolding depends primarily on the amount of aortic pulsatility and flow rate and that physiological flows do not necessarily engender hemodynamic loads on the proximal bird-beak segment sufficient to cause TAG collapse. Hemodynamic variables may allow for identification of patients at high risk of endograft infolding and help guide preventive intervention to avert its occurrence.