bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of the Potential Local Economic Impact of Tourism and Leisure Cycling and The Development of an Evidence-Based Market Segmentation
Authors: Weed Mike , Bull Chris , Brown Mat , Dowse Suzanne , Lovell Jane , Mansfield Louise , Wellard Ian
Published: August 2014

Through a systematic review and meta-analyses of worldwide evidence, this article provides estimates for spend per person per day of overnight (£43.33), non-overnight (£7.95), and all (£13.38) tourism and leisure cyclists. A further meta-analysis to inform local policy,
provision, and local economic impact strategies provides evidence for seven tourism and leisure cycling market segments (Near Residents, Far Residents, Near Day Trippers, Far Day Trippers, Near Holidayers, Far Holidayers, Cycle Tourers), and their associated behaviors and spending patterns.
Over three quarters of economic activity attributable to tourism and leisure cycling (77%) is shown to be derived from cycling tourism, thus representing additional local economic impact. In conclusion, the use of market segmentation to derive local economic impact estimates is discussed.
The importance of considering how far cycling tourism affects trip decisions, rather than whether cycling tourism is the prime trip purpose, is highlighted in deriving robust economic impact estimates. Finally, because the Cycle Tourers market segment contributes less than 2% of market volume
and value, future research might usefully focus on less dedicated but more prevalent casual recreationalist cyclists, who are interested in shorter trips, with more stops for refreshments and socializing, and who often travel in family groups.
Cycling into Sensoria: Embodiment, Leisure, and Tourism
Authors: Fox Karen M. , Humberstone Barbara , Dubnewick Michael
Published: August 2014

A self-supported long-distance bicycle tour in Hawai'i is the context for theoretical musings about the role of the sensuous in leisure and tourism scholarship. Autoethnography and narrative inquiry was chosen to underscore the experiences and critical insights from self-supported long-distance
bicycle touring leisure research for three leisure scholars. Sensuous scholarship complements Lefebvre's spacetime that placed the human body and everyday life at the center of his theorizing. Kānaka Oiwi's scholarship and critique of Eurocentric leisure supports the value of sensuous
scholarship as enhancing Eurocentric leisure practices as well as supporting decolonizing processes relevant to leisure/ tourism research. Taking the body–mind–spirit and "body-on-a-cycle motion" seriously highlights the power of sensuous scholarship, interrogates dominant narratives
of leisure, and demonstrates the power of paying attention to the everyday features and the production of leisure spacetimes.
Interference of Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids with Cell Cycle Mechanisms
Authors: Büchel Janine , Bartosova Maria , Eich Gwendolyn , Wittenberger Timo , Klein-Hitpass Ludger , Steppan Sonja , Hackert Thilo , Schaefer Franz , Passlick-Deetjen Jutta , Schmitt Claus P.
Published: August 2014

Introduction

Peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) differ with respect to osmotic and buffer compound, and pH and glucose degradation products (GDP) content. The impact on peritoneal membrane integrity is still insufficiently described. We assessed global genomic effects of PDF in primary human peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) by whole genome analyses, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and functional measurements.

Methods

PMC isolated from omentum of non-uremic patients were incubated with conventional single chamber PDF (CPDF), lactate- (LPDF), bicarbonate- (BPDF) and bicarbonate/lactate-buffered double-chamber PDF (BLPDF), icodextrin (IPDF) and amino acid PDF (APDF), diluted 1:1 with medium. Affymetrix GeneChip U133Plus2.0 (Affymetrix, CA, USA) and quantitative RT-PCR were applied; cell viability was assessed by proliferation assays.

Results

The number of differentially expressed genes compared to medium was 464 with APDF, 208 with CPDF, 169 with IPDF, 71 with LPDF, 45 with BPDF and 42 with BLPDF. Out of these genes 74%, 73%, 79%, 72%, 47% and 57% were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) term annotations mainly revealed associations with cell cycle ( p = 10 −35), cell division, mitosis, and DNA replication. One hundred and eighteen out of 249 probe sets detecting genes involved in cell cycle/division were suppressed, with APDF-treated PMC being affected the most regarding absolute number and degree, followed by CPDF and IPDF. Bicarbonate-containing PDF and BLPDF-treated PMC were affected the least. Quantitative RT-PCR measurements confirmed microarray findings for key cell cycle genes (CDK1/CCNB1/CCNE2/AURKA/KIF11/ KIF14). Suppression was lowest for BPDF and BLPDF, they upregulated CCNE2 and SMC4. All PDF upregulated 3 out of 4 assessed cell cycle repressors (p53/BAX/p21). Cell viability scores confirmed gene expression results, being 79% of medium for LPDF, 101% for BLPDF, 51% for CPDF and 23% for IPDF. Amino acid-containing PDF (84%) incubated cells were as viable as BPDF (86%).

Conclusion

In conclusion, PD solutions substantially differ with regard to their gene regulating profile and impact on vital functions of PMC, i.e. on cells known to be essential for peritoneal membrane homeostasis.
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Protection: Are We Using Best Practice?
Authors: Billingsley Luanne , Kinchen Laurie
Published: August 2014

Evidence-based practice guidelines support the use of peripheral intravenous catheter-stabilizing technologies to improve clinical outcomes and decrease overall cost. Unscheduled catheter restarts can cause complications, delay therapies, and increase risk to health care providers, while prolonging hospitalizations. This article highlights examples of the latest innovative solutions that can improve peripheral intravenous catheter protection and stabilization.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(8):338–339.
Lacquer Cracks Developing After Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Chen Simon , Hodge Chris , Sutton Gerard , Versace Patrick
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:

To describe a case of lacquer cracks developing after phakic intraocular lens implantation.

METHODS:

Case report.

RESULTS:

A 46-year-old woman diagnosed as having extreme myopia and corrected distance visual acuity of 20/40 presented with decreased vision and a central scotoma less than 24 hours following phakic intraocular lens implantation. Dilated examination revealed the presence of a macular hemorrhage and possible lacquer crack formation. Documented preoperative imaging showed an absence of lacquer cracks in the eye that was operated on. The patient was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. At 4 weeks postoperatively, imaging confirmed an almost complete resolution of the hemorrhagic pigment epithelial detachment with evidence of lacquer cracks. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/50 and the patient was asymptomatic.

CONCLUSIONS:

This is the first reported case of macular crack formation immediately following phakic intraocular lens implantation. Possible contributing factors are discussed.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(9):646–648.]
Case report: Portal and systemic venous gas in a patient with perforated duodenal ulcer: CT findings
Authors: Fam Maged Nassef Abdalla , Elgharib Attia Khaled Mostafa , Khalil Safaa Maged Fathelbab
Published: August 2014

Gas within the portal circulation has been known to be associated with a number of conditions most commonly mesenteric ischemia and necrosis. Systemic venous gas is described with few conditions and is mostly iatrogenic in nature. We describe a case of combined portal and systemic venous gas detected by computed tomography in a patient with perforated duodenal ulcer.
El projecte fundacional del monestir de Santa Maria de Pedralbes i el palau de la reina Elisenda de Montcada a través de dos inventaris del 1364
Authors: Castellano-Tresserra Anna
Published: August 2014

[ca] Aquest treball pretén dur a terme una relectura de dos inventaris ja coneguts del Reial Monestir de Santa Maria de Pedralbes, redactats a la mort de la reina i de l’abadessa Francesca Saportella l’any 1364. La posada en comú dels dos textos, amb el suport d’altres documents i estudis complementaris, en el marc actual dels coneixements de què es disposa sobre l’evolució històrica i arquitectònica de l’indret, permet observar amb tota claredat que la fundació i confi guració del conjunt inicial va respondre a un pla preconcebut en la seva globalitat, rere del qual s’endevina de forma clara el projecte vital i devocional de la sobirana, compartit per la comunitat religiosa, representada per la seva abadessa, Francesca Saportella, i per algunes dones de la noblesa, que les van acompanyar en el seu propòsit.
Un monestir a la cruïlla. Els inventaris de sagristia del monestir de Sant Antoni i Santa Clara de Barcelona (1389-1461)
Authors: Jornet Benito Núria
Published: August 2014

[ca] En el present article es posa al descobert la riquesa com a font històrica de primer ordre dels inventaris de sagristia del monestir de Sant Antoni i Santa Clara de Barcelona, primera comunitat de l’orde de Santa Clara en terres catalanes. L’estudi ens acosta a les particularitats d’aquesta sèrie documental en el seu fons arxivístic, la seva autoria (el càrrec de sagristana), així com a les principals tipologies de béns inventariats i descrits (parament i vestimenta litúrgica, orfebreria, obres d’art, llibres...). El conjunt permet donar una imatge rica de la cultura monàstica femenina, en l’acompanyament de la litúrgia, en la imatgeria sagrada, en la cultura escrita. Entre els resultats, sobresurt, la concepció funcional, curosa i detallada que la comunitat de germanes féu de cada peça, a l’hora de marcar el temps i el calendari litúrgic, com també a l’hora de gestionar i viure el dins/fora, la relació amb l’exterior.
Educación y formación, saber práctico y saber erudito en los monasterios femeninos en la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Schlotheuber Eva
Published: August 2014

Los monasterios femeninos medievales constituyeron, ya desde que vieron la luz en los comienzos del cristianismo, un espacio de vida singular. Gracias a los conocimientos de latín, necesarios para poder llevar a cabo las tareas litúrgicas, las religiosas tuvieron acceso a la tradición culta del Medievo europeo. Dado que las mujeres no eran admitidas en las instituciones educativas públicas, tales como escuelas de latín y universidades, las propias monjas asumieron el papel de educar y formar a las nuevas generaciones de religiosas. Sin embargo, los diversos campos de conocimiento de los conventos femeninos no se limitaban a los conocimientos teológicos, litúrgicos y literarios, sino que abarcaban también amplios saberes de tipo administrativo y jurídico. Estos saberes (como saberes ligados a la escritura) estaban adaptados a las exigencias particulares de la administración, desde la clausura, de la familia monástica y de la economía del convento. Podemos encontrar manifestaciones de los mencionados ámbitos de conocimiento en la estructura de las bibliotecas monásticas, pero también en la documentación administrativa de sus archivos.
Capitalidad política regional y cambios en la estructura urbana de Valladolid (1987-2012)
Authors: Calderón Calderón Basilio , García Cuesta José Luis
Published: August 2014

Entre 1978 y 2010 todas las ciudades españolas se vieron afectadas al menos por tres grandes ciclos de actividad constructiva, tres leyes de suelo estatales y tres generaciones de planes Generales de Ordenación. Esta inestabilidad normativa y funcional fue especialmente acusada en las nuevas capitales regionales ya que en todas ellas fue preciso crear un espacio para el acomodo de la emergente Administración, al que se vinculan los nuevos y grandes equipamientos urbanos y las nuevas áreas residenciales, hasta conformar una suerte de Distrito Institucional. Estos nuevos fragmentos urbanos de desarrollo acelerado, de baja o media densidad, se han consolidado en el periodo de optimismo y despilfarro inmobiliario de principios del siglo XXI; y en este contexto, el caso de la ciudad de Valladolid, capital de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León, resulta paradigmático.

[fr] Entre 1978 et 2010, toutes les villes espagnoles ont été affectées par au moins trois grands cycles d’expansion de la construction, trois lois foncières nationales et trois générations de plans généraux d’aménagement urbain. Cette instabilité normative et fonctionnelle a surtout eu des répercussions au niveau des nouvelles capitales régionales, dans lesquelles il a fallu créer un espace destiné à recevoir les nouveaux services administratifs. Cet espace a bénéficié de nouveaux et grands équipements urbains ainsi que de la création de nouvelles zones résidentielles, formant finalement une sorte de district institutionnel. Ces nouveaux quartiers urbains à développement accéléré, de basse ou moyenne densité, se sont consolidés au cours de la période du boom immobilier du début du XXIe siècle. Dans ce contexte, le cas de la ville de Valladolid, capitale de la Communauté autonome de Castille et Léon, semble en être le paradigme.
Polarización de la estructura funcional de las capitales de provincia y de autonomía en España: 1981-2011
Authors: Escolano Utrilla Severino
Published: August 2014

Parte de la reorganización reciente de las actividades económicas en España se define por la concentración en determinadas áreas urbanas de ciertas actividades económicas, especialmente las relacionadas con la creación, gestión y uso de la innovación y el conocimiento, y por la descentralización selectiva de otras.
La hipótesis principal de este trabajo asume que la capitalidad de autonomía es un factor que ejerce influencia en la estructura de las actividades económicas de una ciudad. En este marco se estudia el alcance de estas tesis referidas a los municipios capitales de provincia y de autonomía entre 1981 y 2011. El estudio permite constatar la tendencia a la concentración en determinadas capitales de las actividades de la «economía del conocimiento» . La buena conectividad de las ciudades o la cercanía a grandes áreas urbanas son fuerzas de atracción de este tipo de actividades; la capitalidad de autonomía tiene una influencia limitada en núcleos de tamaño intermedio ubicados en contextos regionales dinámicos.

[fr] La réorganisation récente des activités économiques en Espagne est définie d’un côté par la concentration de certaines d’entre elles, en particulier celles liées à la création,
gestion et utilisation de l’innovation et de la connaissance dans des zones urbaines concrètes, et de l’autre, par la décentralisation sélective d’autres activités.
L’hypothèse principale de cette recherche accepte que la «capitalité» d’une région autonome a des conséquences sur la structure des activités économiques de cette ville. Nous allons donc vérifier cette thèse référée aux municipalités capitales de province ou de région autonome dans la période 1981-2011. Cette analyse permettra de confirmer la tendance à la concentration des activités de l’économie de la connaissance dans certaines de ces capitales. Une connectivité performante ou la proximité de grands réseaux urbains constituent des pôles d’attraction pour ces activités; la «capitalité» d’une région autonome a une influence limitée dans le cas de villes moyennes situées dans un contexte régional dynamique.
Nuevos horizontes de vivienda, población y empleo asociados a la capitalidad política regional. Los casos de Mérida y Pamplona (1980-2011)
Authors: Palacios García Antonio J.
Published: August 2014

La capitalidad política regional que asumen algunas ciudades españolas a partir de la transición democrática, ha supuesto numerosas transformaciones en ellas. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar en qué han consistido estos cambios desde una triple perspectiva analítica: de la dinámica demográfica; de la evolución de la población activa; y, finalmente, de las transformaciones residenciales. Para ello, y en base a una metodología de estudios de caso, se han seleccionado dos ejemplos representativos de ciudades medias. Pamplona, como capital autonómica de régimen foral y Mérida, como capital autonómica implantada en ciudades no capitales regionales. Aun asumiendo las notables diferencias entre ambas ciudades, su nexo de unión estriba en el hecho de que ambas se constituyen como centros vitales para la gestión política y administrativa de sus respectivas regiones, aglutinando el gobierno regional, ejecutivo y legislativo.

[fr] Aprés la transition démocratique, certaines villes de l’Espagne assument un statut de capitale politique régionale ce qui a entraîné des nombreuses transformations en leur sein. Le but de cet article est de montrer les changements apportés d’un triple point de vue analytique: la dynamique démographique; l’évolution de la population active; et enfin les transformations résidentielles. Pour faire cela, et sur la base d’une méthodologie pour les études de cas, deux exemples représentatifs des villes de taille moyenne ont été sélectionnés. Pamplona, la capitale régionale du régime foral et Merida capitale autonome établie dans une ville qui n’est pas une capitale de la province. Même compte tenu des différences de fond entre les deux villes, son trait d’union réside dans le fait que tous les deux sont considérés comme centres vitales pour la gouvernance de leurs régions respectives, en rassemblant les pouvoirs régionaux, exécutif et législatif.
El comercio en las estrategias de vertebración territorial de la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Ponce Herrero Gabino
Published: August 2014

El modelo de ciudad expansiva, ampliamente desarrollado en la Comunidad Valenciana, ocasiona cambios de los hábitos ciudadanos y, con ellos, de sus pautas de consumo, mediatizadas por el atractivo diseño de los nuevos centros comerciales y, en especial, por su vinculación con el ocio. Tales procesos alteran sustancialmente el modelo comercial y de relación social de la ciudad. Los primeros gobiernos de la Comunidad Valenciana desarrollaron un aparato legal que pretendía regular y aprovechar el papel del comercio como herramienta de vertebración social y territorial. Fruto de ello son los Planes de Acción Comercial, para la salvaguarda y mantenimiento de los antiguos espacios comerciales de la ciudad (centros históricos y Ensanches), muy afectados por el cambio. Son programas económicos, con un modesto soporte urbanístico, para recuperar el atractivo económico perdido y regenerar la capacidad de la ciudad para el encuentro y la relación. Sin embargo, por su carácter puntual, no han logrado contrarrestar los grandes movimientos centrífugos del equipamiento comercial.

[fr] Le modèle de ville expansive, qui s’est amplement développé dans la Communauté valencienne, provoque des changements dans les comportements des citadins et donc dans leurs habitudes de consommation, conditionnées par les designs très attractifs des nouveaux centres commerciaux et surtout par la vocation de ceux-ci à être des lieux de loisirs. Ces processus transforment profondément le modèle commercial et les modes de relation sociale dans les villes. Les premiers gouvernements autonomes de la Communauté valencienne ont mis en place un dispositif légal qui avait l’intention de réglementer et de profiter du rôle du commerce en tant qu’instrument de cohésion sociale et territoriale. Cela a donné lieu à des Plans d’Action Commerciale voués à la sauvegarde et au maintien des anciens espaces commerciaux urbains (centres historiques et zones d’expansion), très affectés par ces changements. Il s’agit de programmes économiques, dotés d’un support urbanistique modeste, destinés à récupérer l’attrait économique déchu et à régénérer la capacité des villes en tant que lieux de rencontre et de relation sociale. Cependant, dû à leur caractère ponctuel, ces plans ne sont pas parvenus à contrecarrer les grands mouvements centrifuges de l’équipement commercial.
Una propuesta de clasificación tipológica de los exportadores de limón fresco de la provincia de Tucumán (Argentina)
Authors: Batista Zamora Ana Ester
Published: August 2014

No disponible.
Los espacios de conservación en la gestión territorial: Análisis del Parque Nacional Esteros de Farrapos e Islas del Río Uruguay
Authors: Sosa Beatriz , Canton Víctor , Achkar Marcelo
Published: August 2014

No disponible.
Implicaciones socioeconómicas y territoriales de la doble capitalidad autonómica en Canarias
Authors: Parreño Castellano Juan Manuel , Díaz Hernández Ramón
Published: August 2014

No disponible
Fragmentos manuscritos hebraicos del Arxiu Municipal de Girona sobre enfermedades genitales y sus remedios: edición, traducción y glosario
Authors: Casals Stenzel Christa
Published: August 2014

Estudio de varios fragmentos manuscritos que contienen textos médicos y farmacológicos recuperados de las cubiertas de un Llibre d’àpoques (recibos de los pagos realizados por el clavario en nombre del concejo) del año 1380 del Arxiu Municipal de Girona. Los dos bifolios y el fragmento estudiados tratan de dolencias genitales en mujeres y en varones y de sus remedios y pertenecen al mismo manuscrito y eventualmente a un mismo autor. Los textos se han ordenado siguiendo un criterio temático con objeto de reconstruir la disposición original. El texto está en hebreo y contiene términos técnicos en lengua romance catalana (en cursiva, en la traducción), y permite elaborar un glosario de farmacopea de gran valor lingüístico e histórico, además de aportar información sobre su pronunciación.
Le libre arbitre dans la pensée de R. Abraham bar Yehudah (élève de Hasdaï Crescas)
Authors: Sadik Shalom
Published: August 2014

El libre arbitrio en el pensamiento de R. Abraham bar Yehudá (discípulo de Ḥasday Crescas).

Análisis del pensamiento de R. Abraham bar Yehudá (Creta y Corona de Aragón, segunda mitad del siglo XIV) respecto del libre arbitrio. La primera parte del artículo muestra cómo al inicio de su libro (Eben Šetiyyá, ‘Piedra fundamental’) R. Abraham presenta una posición cercana a la opinión determinista de su maestro Ḥasday Crescas, poniendo de relieve que ya en el tercer cuarto del siglo XIV se sostenían ideas deterministas en la escuela de Crescas. La segunda parte del artículo muestra cómo en la continuación de su obra, R. Abraham presenta una opinión diferente, más cercana a la posición no-determinista común a la mayoría de los filósofos judíos medievales. El artículo concluye, explicando la contradicción del autor derivada de incluir en su obra dos opiniones diferentes tomadas de fuentes diversas, sin intentar elaborar un acuerdo entre ellas.
Anthropologie et numérique: renouvellement méthodologique ou reconfiguration disciplinaire?
Authors: Casilli Antonio A.
Published: August 2014

Cette contribution pose les questions soulevées par l’utilisation des technologies numériques au sein des sciences humaines et sociales. Le numérique va-t-il transformer les pratiques et les méthodes au sein de ces disciplines ou favoriser la création de nouvelles disciplines et de nouvelles méthodes?
Vers de nouveaux outils pour les Digital Studies
Authors: Puig Vincent , L’Hour Yves-Marie
Published: August 2014

L’anthropologie, la sociologie et toutes les sciences humaines et sociales se trouvent aujourd’hui confrontées au défi du numérique. Une approche très répandue aux Etats-Unis et dénommée sous le terme générique des Digital Humanities, se réduit souvent à étudier comment les SHS font usage du numérique. Notre approche dans cet article propose dans le cadre général posé par B. Stiegler, non pas seulement d’observer mais aussi de concevoir des outils qui peuvent ultimement permettre de reconsidérer les fondements épistémologiques des différentes disciplines académiques (et pas seulement SHS). Nous prendrons appui dans cet article sur une plateforme d’annotation collaborative de vidéo utilisée dans le cadre du projet ANR Tic Tac (2009-2011) sur l’analyse de la créativité en tentant d’isoler les fonctions techniques de cet outil qui questionnent précisément: la méthodologie d’analyse sociologique ou anthropologique globalement, le processus de création dans un contexte d’innovation technologique (projet Garage du CEA), le prolongement de la créativité dans l’outil d’annotation voir dans des outils d’éditorialisation collaborative expérimentés par l’Iri dans d’autres contextes tels que l’analyse filmique.Nous faisons référence à l’ouvrage de Bernard Stiegler Etats de choc, Bêtise et savoir au XXIème siècle, Mille et une nuits, jan 2012
La force des médias pendant le « cyclone postélectoral » ivoirien
Authors: Duchesne Véronique
Published: August 2014

La bataille médiatique qui a accompagné le conflit postélectoral ivoirien durant l’année 2011 n’a guère retenu l’attention des politologues et des spécialistes des média, encore moins celle des anthropologues. Pourtant on sait la force des médias comme vecteur de l’idéologie dans les batailles de pouvoir, et plus particulièrement dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Cinq « vignettes » sonores et audiovisuelles qui ont été diffusées par les médias ivoiriens et internationaux entre le 8 mars et le 17 juillet 2011 sont présentées et sont le support de réflexions quant à l’instrumentalisation des média à des fins politiques et idéologiques en Côte d’Ivoire, et plus largement en Afrique subsaharienne. Elles visent également à montrer comment la radio, la télévision et Internet interagissent dans la transmission idéologique.
Feasibility Assessment Model for Successful Adoption of Information Systems in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Jayasinghe J.M.S.S. , Wijayanayake W. M. J. I.
Published: August 2014

Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) have been recognized as an important strategic sector for promoting growth and social development in Sri Lanka. In the meantime IT has enabled the development of powerful and efficient Computer Based Information Systems (CBIS) which play a major role in business performance improvement. However, it can be seen that majority of SMEs have not adopted CBIS and also not all who have adopted have been successful. Therefore, this research is undertaken to develop a feasibility assessment model by which an SME that is considering adopting CBIS will be able to assess whether the adoption is feasible. Firstly, the influential factors at the phases of Pre-implementation, Implementation & Post-implementation and their level of significance were identified. The factors were evaluated and their importance and the level of influence caused were identified through a survey of SMEs which have already been implemented CBIS. Based on the results of the analysis a CBIS Feasibility Assessment Framework has been developed that would assist an SME to know its level of feasibility before adopting CBIS. Top management support and System Complexity proved to have impact in all three phases of CBIS adoption and mainly it was the Pre-implementation and/or Implementation capabilities that showed significant correlation with the system adoption success.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/josuk.v8i0.4231J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 8 (2013): 01-18
Synthesis of Nanosilica from Paddy Husk Ash and Their Surface Functionalization
Authors: Premaratne W.A.P.J. , Priyadarshana W.M.G.I. , Gunawardena S.H.P. , De Alwis A.A.P.
Published: August 2014

Nanosilica was synthesized by a chemical precipitation process from paddy husk ash (PHA) efficiently and effectively. Surface functionalization of the silica nanoparticles was carried out with oleic acid (C18H34O2). Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) data showed that the nanosilica particle size was in the range of 50-70 nm and they were in the agglomerate form. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis data revealed that synthesized nanosilica was in amorphous form showing a strong broad peak at 22.14° (2q). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) data supported the presence of hydrogen bonded silanol group and siloxane groups in nanosilica. Surface functionalized nanosilica with oleic acid was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR methods. FT-IR experimental data showed that the modified nanosilica formed the ester bonding between silanol group in nanosilica and the carboxylic group of oleic acid with a successful functionalization.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/josuk.v8i0.7238J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 8 (2013): 33-48
Law, language and the multilingual state
Authors: Laubscher Michael
Published: August 2014

No abstract available.
Improved model of isoprene emissions in Africa using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations of formaldehyde: implications for oxidants and particulate matter
Authors: Marais E. A. , Jacob D. J. , Guenther A. , Chance K. , Kurosu T. P. , Murphy J. G. , Reeves C. E. , Pye H. O. T.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. We use a 2005–2009 record of isoprene emissions over Africa derived from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations of formaldehyde (HCHO) to better understand the factors controlling isoprene emission in the continent and evaluate the impact on atmospheric composition. OMI-derived isoprene emissions show large seasonality over savannas driven by temperature and leaf area index (LAI), and much weaker seasonality over equatorial forests driven by temperature. The commonly used MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature, version 2.1) global isoprene emission model reproduces this seasonality but is biased high, particularly for equatorial forests, when compared to OMI and relaxed-eddy accumulation measurements. Isoprene emissions in MEGAN are computed as the product of an emission factor Eo, LAI, and activity factors dependent on environmental variables. We use the OMI-derived emissions to provide improved estimates of Eo that are in good agreement with direct leaf measurements from field campaigns (r = 0.55, bias = −19%). The largest downward corrections to MEGAN Eo values are for equatorial forests and semi-arid environments, and this is consistent with latitudinal transects of isoprene over western Africa from the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) aircraft campaign. Total emission of isoprene in Africa is estimated to be 77 Tg C a−1, compared to 104 Tg C a−1 in MEGAN. Simulations with the GEOS-Chem oxidant–aerosol model suggest that isoprene emissions increase mean surface ozone in western Africa by up to 8 ppbv, and particulate matter by up to 1.5 μg m−3, due to coupling with anthropogenic influences.
Mechanistic study of secondary organic aerosol components formed from nucleophilic addition reactions of methacrylic acid epoxide
Authors: Birdsall A. W. , Miner C. R. , Mael L. E. , Elrod M. J.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Recently, methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE) has been proposed as a precursor to an important class of isoprene-derived compounds found in secondary organic aerosol (SOA): 2-methylglyceric acid (2-MG) and a set of oligomers, nitric acid esters and sulfuric acid esters related to 2-MG. However, the specific chemical mechanisms by which MAE could form these compounds have not been previously studied. In order to determine the relevance of these processes to atmospheric aerosol, MAE and 2-MG have been synthesized and a series of bulk solution-phase experiments aimed at studying the reactivity of MAE using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been performed. The present results indicate that the acid-catalyzed MAE reaction is more than 600 times slower than a similar reaction of an important isoprene-derived epoxide, but is still expected to be kinetically feasible in the atmosphere on more acidic SOA. The specific mechanism by which MAE leads to oligomers was identified, and the reactions of MAE with a number of atmospherically relevant nucleophiles were also investigated. Because the nucleophilic strengths of water, sulfate, alcohols (including 2-MG), and acids (including MAE and 2-MG) in their reactions with MAE were found to be of a similar magnitude, it is expected that a diverse variety of MAE + nucleophile product species may be formed on ambient SOA. Thus, the results indicate that epoxide chain reaction oligomerization will be limited by the presence of high concentrations of non-epoxide nucleophiles (such as water); this finding is consistent with previous environmental chamber investigations of the relative humidity-dependence of 2-MG-derived oligomerization processes and suggests that extensive oligomerization may not be likely on ambient SOA because of other competitive MAE reaction mechanisms.
Biomass burning related ozone damage on vegetation over the Amazon forest
Authors: Pacifico F. , Folberth G. A. , Sitch S. , Haywood J. M. , Artaxo P. , Rizzo L. V.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The HadGEM2 Earth System climate model was used to assess the impact of biomass burning on surface ozone concentrations over the Amazon forest and its impact on vegetation. Simulated surface ozone concentration is evaluated against observations taken at two sites in the Brazilian Amazon forest. The model is able to reproduce the observed diurnal cycle of surface ozone mixing ratio at the two sites, but overestimates the magnitude of the monthly averaged hourly measurements by 5–15 ppb for each available month at one of the sites. We vary biomass burning emissions over South America by ±20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% to quantify the modelled impact of biomass burning on surface ozone concentrations and ozone damage on vegetation productivity over the Amazon forest. Decreasing South American biomass burning emissions by 100% (i.e. to zero) reduces surface ozone concentrations and suggests a 15% increase in monthly mean net primary productivity averaged over the Amazon forest, with local increases up to 60%: this gives us an estimate of the effect of current biomass burning on plant productivity. When biomass burning emissions are increased by 100%, our model simulates a maximum impact of 10% reduction in monthly mean net plant productivity averaged over the Amazon forest, with local peaks of 50–60% reduction for the months of intense fire activity.
Iodine chemistry in the troposphere and its effect on ozone
Authors: Saiz-Lopez A. , Fernandez R. P. , Ordóñez C. , Kinnison D. E. , Gómez Martín J. C. , Lamarque J.-F. , Tilmes S.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Despite potential influence of iodine chemistry on the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere, reactive iodine distributions and their impact on tropospheric ozone remain nearly unexplored aspects of the global atmosphere. Here we present a comprehensive global modelling experiment aimed at estimating lower and upper limits of the inorganic iodine burden and its impact on tropospheric ozone. Two sets of simulations without and with the photolysis of IxOy oxides (i.e., I2O2, I2O3 and I2O4) were conducted to define the range of inorganic iodine loading, partitioning and impact in the troposphere. Our results show that the most abundant daytime iodine species throughout the middle to upper troposphere is atomic iodine, with an annual average tropical abundance of (0.15–0.55) pptv. We propose the existence of a "tropical ring of atomic iodine" that peaks in the tropical upper troposphere (∼11–14 km) at the Equator and extends to the sub-tropics (30° N–30° S). Annual average daytime I / IO ratios larger than 3 are modelled within the tropics, reaching ratios up to ∼20 during vigorous uplift events within strong convective regions. We calculate that the integrated contribution of catalytic iodine reactions to the total rate of tropospheric ozone loss (IOxLoss) is 2–5 times larger than the combined bromine and chlorine cycles. IOxLoss cycles, without and with IxOy photolysis, represent approximately (17–27)%, (8–14)% and (11–27)% of the tropical annual ozone loss for the marine boundary layer (MBL), free troposphere (FT) and upper troposphere (UT), respectively. Our results indicate that iodine is the second strongest ozone depleting family throughout the global marine UT and in the tropical MBL. We suggest (i) iodine sources and its chemistry need to be included in global tropospheric chemistry models, (ii) experimental programs designed to quantify the iodine budget in the troposphere should include a strategy for the measurement of atomic I, and (iii) laboratory programs are needed to characterize the photochemistry of higher iodine oxides to determine their atmospheric fate since they can potentially dominate halogen-catalysed ozone destruction in the troposphere.
Late Weichselian and Holocene paleoceanography of Storfjordrenna, southern Svalbard
Authors: Łącka M. , Zajączkowski M. , Forwick M. , Szczuciński W.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Multiproxy analyses (incl. benthic and planktonic foraminifera, δ18O and δ13C records, grain-size distribution, ice-rafted debris, XRF geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility) were performed on a 14C dated marine sediment core from Storfjordrenna, off southern Svalbard. The sediments in the core cover the termination of Bølling–Allerød, the Younger Dryas and the Holocene, and they reflect general changes in the hydrology/climate of the European Arctic after the last glaciation. Grounded ice of the last Svalbard- Barents Sea Ice Sheet retreated from the coring site ca. 13 850 cal yr BP. During the transition from the sub-glacial to glacimarine setting, Arctic Waters dominated the hydrography in Storfjordrenna. However, the waters were not uniformly cold and experienced several warmer spells. A progressive warming and marked change in the nature of hydrology occurred during the early Holocene. Relatively warm and saline Atlantic Water started to dominate the hydrography from approx. 9500 cal yr BP. Even though the climate in eastern Svalbard was milder at that time than at present (smaller glaciers), there were two slight coolings observed in the periods of 9000–8000 cal yr BP and 6000–5500 cal yr BP. A change of the Storfjordrenna hydrology occurred at the beginning of late Holocene synchronously with glacier growth on land and enhanced bottom current velocities. Although cooling was observed in the surface water, Atlantic Water remained present in the deeper part of water column of Storfjordrenna.
Variations in the characteristics of Changjiang sediment discharging into the sea due to human activities
Authors: Gao J. H. , Jia J. , Wang Y. P. , Yang Y. , Li J. , Zou X. , Gao S.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The variations in sediment load and composition from tributaries of the Changjiang River by human activities were analyzed. The temporal-spatial variations in the sediment load in the main river of the Changjiang under the impact of dam emplacement were determined. We identified the grain size variation of the sediment in the accumulation areas (i.e., the estuarine and adjacent coastal waters) during different periods and, on such a basis, discussed about the environmental change signature in the sedimentary record. The results indicate that the timing of reduction in the sediment load of the main stream of the Changjiang was different from downstream to upstream sections, due to the variations in the sediment load of the sub-catchments, and four step-wise reduction periods were observed: 1956–1969, 1970–1985, 1986–2002, and 2003–2010. In addition, the proportion of the sediment load originating from the Jinsha River continuously increased before 2003, due to the sequential reduction in the sediment load of the Han and Jialing Rivers. After 2003, channel erosion of the main river of the Changjiang became a major source of the sediment discharging into the sea. Before 2003, the various sub-catchments as the sources of the sediment entering the sea may be evaluated by analyzing the sediment components in the deposition area, because the sedimentary materials were delivered directly from the upstream portions of the Changjiang; after 2003, although the clay component may be still originated mainly from the upstream areas, the silt and sand components have been derived to a large extent from the erosion of the mid-lower and estuarine reach main channel. Thus, the sediment source of the estuarine-coastal deposits associated with the Changjiang could not be represented by the upstream sources alone. This observation implies that caution should be taken in tracing the sediment sources, interpreting sediment records, and modeling the sediment dynamic processes over the estuary-coastal-continental shelf areas.
The role of climatic factors in evolving flood patterns in a Mediterranean Region (1301–2012)
Authors: Barrera-Escoda A. , Llasat M. C.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Data on flood occurrence and flood impacts for the last seven centuries in the northeast Iberian Peninsula have been analysed in order to characterise long-term trends, anomalous periods and their relationship with different climatic factors such as precipitation, general circulation and solar activity. Catastrophic floods do not present a statistically significant trend, whereas extraordinary floods have seen a significant rise, especially from 1850 on, and were responsible for the total increase in flooding in the region. This rise can be mainly attributed to small coastal catchments, which have experienced a marked increase in developed land and population, resulting in changes in land use and greater vulnerability. Changes in precipitation alone cannot explain the variation in flood patterns, although a certain increase was shown in late summer–early autumn, when extraordinary floods are most frequently recorded. The relationship between North Atlantic circulation and floods is not as strong, due to the important role of mesoscale factors in heavy precipitation in the northwest of the Mediterranean region. However it can explain the variance to some extent, mainly in relation to the catastrophic floods experienced during the autumn. Solar activity has some impact on changes in catastrophic floods with cycles related to the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and the Gleissberg solar cycle. In addition, anomalous periods of high flood frequency in autumn generally occurred during periods of increased solar activity. The physical influence of the latter in general circulation patterns, the high troposphere and the stratosphere, has been analysed in order to ascertain its role in causing floods.
Modelling of cave-in occurrence using AHP and GIS
Authors: Malinowska A. A. , Dziarek K.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The analysis of mining-induced sinkholes occurrence is a very important issue as far as the spatial development optimization is concerned. Research conducted for this paper was focussed on examining the applicability of GIS and the associated AHP method (analytic hierarchy process) for estimating the risk of discontinuous deformation occurrence on the surface. Qualitative factors were accounted for in the sinkhole risk assessment, thus creating bases for the research. These elements play an important role in the process of sinkholes formation; however, they were not used in prediction models. Another assumption lay in minimizing the number of variables in the model. Accordingly, the most important qualitative and quantitative risk factors were finally selected on the basis of whether the risk of cave-ins occurrence on the surface could be calculated. The results of the estimation of potential sinkhole zones were verified. The locations of actual and high-risk potential discontinuous deformation were compared. The congruence between predicted values and the actual observations of sinkholes was very high. The results of research presented prove the necessity to evaluate sinkhole hazards in view of qualitative factors.
Can irregularities of solar proxies help understand quasi-biennial solar variations?
Authors: Shapoval A. , Le Mouël J. L. , Shnirman M. , Courtillot V.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. We define, calculate and analyze irregularity indices λISSN of daily series of the International Sunspot Number ISSN as a function of increasing smoothing from N = 162 to 648 days. The irregularity indices λ are computed within 4-year sliding windows, with embedding dimensions m = 1 and 2. λISSN displays Schwabe cycles with ~5.5-year variations ("half Schwabe variations" HSV). The mean of λISSN undergoes a downward step and the amplitude of its variations strongly decreases around 1930. We observe changes in the ratio R of the mean amplitude of λ peaks at solar cycle minima with respect to peaks at solar maxima as a function of date, embedding dimension and, importantly, smoothing parameter N. We identify two distinct regimes, called Q1 and Q2, defined mainly by the evolution of R as a function of N: Q1, with increasing HSV behavior and R value as N is increased, occurs before 1915–1930; and Q2, with decreasing HSV behavior and R value as N is increased, occurs after ~1975. We attempt to account for these observations with an autoregressive (order 1) model with Poissonian noise and a mean modulated by two sine waves of periods T1 and T2 (T1 = 11 years, and intermediate T2 is tuned to mimic quasi-biennial oscillations QBO). The model can generate both Q1 and Q2 regimes. When m = 1, HSV appears in the absence of T2 variations. When m = 2, Q1 occurs when T2 variations are present, whereas Q2 occurs when T2 variations are suppressed. We propose that the HSV behavior of the irregularity index of ISSN may be linked to the presence of strong QBO before 1915–1930, a transition and their disappearance around 1975, corresponding to a change in regime of solar activity.
Plate tectonic raster reconstruction in GPlates
Authors: Cannon J. , Lau E. , Müller R. D.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. We describe a novel method implemented in the GPlates plate tectonic reconstruction software to interactively reconstruct arbitrarily high-resolution raster data to past geological times using a rotation model. The approach is based on the projection of geo-referenced raster data into a cube map followed by a reverse projection onto rotated tectonic plates on the surface of the globe. This decouples the rendering of a geo-referenced raster from its reconstruction, providing a number of benefits including a simple implementation and the ability to combine rasters with different geo-referencing or inbuilt raster projections. The cube map projection is accelerated by graphics hardware in a wide variety of computer systems manufactured over the last decade. Furthermore, by integrating a multi-resolution tile partitioning into the cube map we can provide on-demand tile streaming, level-of-detail rendering and hierarchical visibility culling, enabling researchers to visually explore essentially unlimited resolution geophysical raster data attached to tectonic plates and reconstructed through geological time. This capability forms the basis for interactively building and improving plate reconstructions in an iterative fashion, particularly for tectonically complex regions.