bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A porous graphitic biochar wrapped Co9S8 core–shell composite enables pH-universal activation of peroxymonosulfate for highly efficient and rapid antibiotics degradation
Authors: Li Jiamei , Wei Jia , Xu Mengdie , Pan Guoping , Zhang Yifei , Xing Luyi , Li Yanan , Li Jun , Jiang Zijian
Published: August 2022

Herein, the boosted Co(ii) regeneration by various S species along with formed N and O active sites in novel as-prepared Co9S8@N–O–BC facilitated the activation of PMS for efficient SMX degradation through a non-radical pathway.
Recent advances on gold and silver nanoparticle-based colorimetric strategies for the detection of different substances and SARS-CoV-2: a comprehensive review
Authors: Sahu Sushama , Sharma Srishti , Kurrey Ramsingh , Ghosh Kallol K.
Published: August 2022

Nanoparticle (NP)-based colorimetric methods are extensively used for the rapid detection of different substances and SARS-CoV-2 in various fields such as environmental science, virology, pollution research, food industry, as well as biomedicine.
Photo-induced removal of uranium under air without external photocatalysts
Authors: Wang Zhe , Li Bin , Shang Hailin , Dong Xue , Huang Liqin , Qing Qi , Xu Chao , Chen Jing , Liu Hongtao , Wang Xiangke , Xiong Xiao-Gen , Lu Yuexiang
Published: August 2022

A photo-induced uranium extraction method without an external photocatalyst and inert atmosphere would greatly reduce the energy consumption and operation equipment in the treatment of nuclear wastewater.
Interrogation of the Pathogen Box reveals small molecule ligands against the mycobacterial trehalose transporter LpqY-SugABC
Authors: Radhakrishnan Anjana , Brown Chelsea M. , Guy Collette S. , Cooper Charlotte , Pacheco-Gomez Raul , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Fullam Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

Interrogation of the Pathogen Box identified diverse chemical scaffolds against the mycobacterial trehalose transporter.
The enhanced photocatalytic performance and first-principles computational insights of Ba doping-dependent TiO2 quantum dots
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Ul Haq Muhammad Ahsan , Haider Ali , Haider Junaid , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Shahzadi Iram , Bari Muhammad Ahsaan , Ali Salamat , Goumri-Said Souraya , Kanoun Mohammed Benali
Published: August 2022

The figure shows a schematic of the photocatalytic mechanism of Ba-doped TiO2 QDs.
An intelligent cooling material modified with carbon dots for evaporative cooling and UV absorption
Authors: Gao Yi , Liang Shaofeng , Zhao Shuangliang , Gao Wei , Li Zequan , Wang Muqun , Li Hong , He Xiangning , Cong Riyao , Diao Hailin , Su Chuwang , Xie Xiaoying
Published: August 2022

We compared the thermal performance of glass, water, and TGL, and the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of water were the lowest, and the thermal conductivity of glass is better than that of TGL, but TGL has the best thermal diffusivity.
Mechanism of a photo-induced ring-opening reaction in benzothiazolinic spiropyran BTSP–X1-3 (X1–3 = NO2, OMe, and NH2) derivatives in gas and solvent media: a TD-CAM-B3LYP study
Authors: Roohi Hossein , Rostami Tayebe
Published: August 2022

The photophysical properties and mechanism of the photoinduced ring-opening reactions of benzothiazolinic spiropyran derivatives BTSP–X1-3 (X1–3 = NO2, OMe, and NH2) were investigated.
Low frequency nanobubble-enhanced ultrasound mechanotherapy for noninvasive cancer surgery
Authors: Bismuth Mike , Katz Sharon , Mano Tamar , Aronovich Ramona , Hershkovitz Dov , Exner Agata A. , Ilovitsh Tali
Published: August 2022

A noninvasive ablation method using systemically injected nanobubbles and ultrasound was developed. Coupled with 80 kHz insonation, nanobubbles can serve as low energy therapeutic warheads that trigger potent mechanical effects in tumors.
Two consecutive aza-amino acids in peptides promote stable β-turn formation in water
Authors: Shi Chenghui , Correia Isabelle , Tonali Nicolo , Ongeri Sandrine , Lequin Olivier
Published: August 2022

In contrast to peptides containing exclusively α-amino acids, the insertion of two consecutive aza-amino acids in tripeptides induces 10-membered beta-turn conformations in aqueous solution.
Structures and properties of newly synthesized semi-aromatic polyamide thermoplastic elastomers
Authors: Fu Xiao-bo , Zhang Tong , Yang Jia-cao , Zhang Gang , Zhang Mei-lin , Wang Xiao-jun , Yang Jie
Published: August 2022

Novel semi-aromatic polyamide based thermoplastic elastomers containing both strong and weak H-bond units were fabricated via a facile “two-step” melt polycondensation method. The structures and properties of a series of TPAEs are discussed.
Mechanistic differences between aryl iodide electrophiles and pronucleophiles in Pd-catalyzed coupling with cyclopropenes: a DFT study
Authors: Lv Kang , Bao Xiaoguang
Published: August 2022

Computational studies were carried out to investigate the mechanisms of Pd-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclopropenes with pronucleophiles (H-Nu) and aryl iodide electrophiles, respectively.
Fluorinated β-diketonate complexes M(tfac)2(TMEDA) (M = Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn) as precursors for the MOCVD growth of metal and metal oxide thin films
Authors: Stienen Christian , Grahl Julian , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan , Bendt Georg
Published: August 2022

Novel trifluoroacetylacetonate complexes M(tfac)2·TMEDA (M = Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn) were used as precursors for the MOCVD growth of metal and metal oxide thin films.
Real time optical detection of gold in living cells through genetically-encoded probe
Authors: Nazir Rahila , Mohsin Mohd , Siddiqi Tariq Omar
Published: August 2022

To study the efflux of gold (Au) in living cells, a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensor has been developed.
Halogen-free layered double hydroxide-cyclotriphosphazene carboxylate flame retardants: effects of cyclotriphosphazene di, tetra and hexacarboxylate intercalation on layered double hydroxides against the combustible epoxy resin coated on wood substrates
Authors: Jeevananthan Velusamy , Shanmugan Swaminathan
Published: August 2022

The flame retardant properties of the different types of cyclotriphosphazene carboxylate-intercalated LDH materials are emphasized by increasing the number of binding sites and decreasing the number of spiro groups in the cyclotriphosphazene core.
Ce and P123 modified layered double hydroxide (LDH) composite for the synthesis of polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether
Authors: Cao Xiaoyan , Kong Lingxin , Gu Zhenggui , Xu Xiao
Published: August 2022

The application of recyclable heterogeneous catalysts in the production of polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether (MPPG) is of great significance to the green chemical industry.
Oxazoline scaffold in synthesis of benzosiloxaboroles and related ring-expanded heterocycles: diverse reactivity, structural peculiarities and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Krajewska Joanna , Nowicki Krzysztof , Durka Krzysztof , Marek-Urban Paulina H. , Wińska Patrycja , Stępniewski Tomasz , Woźniak Krzysztof , Laudy Agnieszka E. , Luliński Sergiusz
Published: August 2022

Transformations of oxazoline–benzosiloxaborole conjugates gave rise to novel boracyclic systems as well as functionalized derivatives featuring antibacterial activity.
A carbon nanotube-based textile pressure sensor with high-temperature resistance
Authors: Chen Yankun , Yan Xue , Zhu Yanlong , Cui Meng , Kong Lei , Kuang Minxuan , Zhang Xiuqin , Wang Rui
Published: August 2022

A textile pressure sensor with high-temperature resistance, which can work at temperatures up to 300 °C and withstand a high temperature of 900 °C in N2, was fabricated by printing multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) electrodes on quartz fabrics.
Individual cascade annealing in BCC tungsten: effects of size and spatial distributions of defects
Authors: Wei Liuming , Zhang Chuanguo , Zheng Qirong , Zeng Zhi , Li Yonggang
Published: August 2022

Closely distributed SIAs in the cascade region will induce a much higher recombination fraction for individual cascade annealing.
Oxidative control over the morphology of Cu3(HHTP)2, a 2D conductive metal–organic framework
Authors: Snook Kathleen M. , Zasada Leo B. , Chehada Dina , Xiao Dianne J.
Published: August 2022

The morphology of a copper-based 2D conductive metal–organic framework can be tuned via controlled ligand oxidation. Using quinone oxidants, we show how partial ligand oxidation prior to metal binding alters the nanocrystal aspect ratio by >60-fold.
Towards predictive design of electrolyte solutions by accelerating ab initio simulation with neural networks
Authors: Zhang Junji , Pagotto Joshua , Duignan Timothy T.
Published: August 2022

Ab initio molecular dynamics can be massively accelerated using equivariant neural networks applicable to predict the properties of electrolyte solutions for predictive design in materials applications.
In situcharacterization of lithium-metal anodes
Authors: Yang Shujie , Min Xin , Fan Hui , Xiao Jun , Liu Yangai , Mi Ruiyu , Wu Xiaowen , Huang Zhaohui , Xi Kai , Fang Minghao
Published: August 2022

In situcharacterization, as a real-time monitoring method, is used to address various issues in Li metal anodes.The application ofin situcharacterization helps to promote the further commercialization of Li-metal batteries.
Recyclable optical bioplastics platform for solid state red light harvestingviatriplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion
Authors: Bharmoria Pankaj , Edhborg Fredrik , Bildirir Hakan , Sasaki Yoichi , Ghasemi Shima , Mårtensson Anders , Yanai Nobuhiro , Kimizuka Nobuo , Albinsson Bo , Börjesson Karl , Moth-Poulsen Kasper
Published: August 2022

Sustainable red light harvesting has been achieved in recyclable protein–surfactant–chromophores co-assembled bioplastics with high efficiency due to the efficient diffusion of triplet excited chromophores, and oxygen blockage by protein fibers.
Marine biomass-derived, hygroscopic and temperature-responsive hydrogel beads for atmospheric water harvesting and solar-powered irrigation
Authors: Chang Xuemei , Li Shuai , Li Na , Wang Shuxue , Li Jingjing , Guo Cui , Yu Liangmin , Murto Petri , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: August 2022

Kelp-derived hydrogel beads with self-contained properties are developedviashape-controlled and mass fabrication, demonstrating efficient atmospheric water harvesting and promising solar-powered irrigation.
Silkworm spinning inspired 3D printing toward a high strength scaffold for bone regeneration
Authors: Yao Yingkai , Guan Diqin , Zhang Chenke , Liu Jing , Zhu Xufeng , Huang Tingting , Liu Jie , Cui Hongjuan , Tang Kang-lai , Lin Jinxin , Li Fengyu
Published: August 2022

Inspired by silkworm spinning, we fabricated silk fibroin-hydroxyapatite self-assembling and dense nanostructures composite scaffolds for bone regeneration by 3D printing, and the maximum compressive strength of the scaffold reaches up to 166 MPa.
Ultrasensitive turn-on luminescence humidity sensor based on a perovskite/zeolite composite
Authors: Gao Yu-Jie , Romolini Giacomo , Huang Haowei , Jin Handong , Saha Rafikul Ali , Ghosh Biplab , De Ras Michiel , Wang Chunhua , Steele Julian A. , Debroye Elke , Hofkens Johan , Roeffaers Maarten B. J.
Published: August 2022

A new perovskite-based turn-on sensor, Cs4PbBr6/FAU-Y, is designed by depositing the precursor of CsPbBr3on hygroscopic zeolite FAU-Y. This sensor shows an excellent fluorescence response when exposed to both low and high humidity conditions.
Direct (hetero)arylation (DHAP) polymerization of conjugated polymers – new A–B–A monomer design for P(NDI2OD-T2) & the challenges of adopting DHAP for continuous flow processes
Authors: Kakde Navnath R. , Bharathkumar H. J. , Wavhal Bhaiyyasaheb A. , Nikam Arun , Patil Suneha , Dash Soumya Ranjan , Vanka Kumar , Krishnamoorthy K. , Kulkarni Amol , Asha S. K.
Published: August 2022

Defect-free high molecular weight P(NDI2OD-T2) by a new A–B–A monomer design.
Solution processable dithioalkylated methylidenyl cyclopentadithiophene based quinoidal small molecules for n-type organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Afraj Shakil N. , Lin Meng-Hao , Wu Chih-Yao , Velusamy Arulmozhi , Huang Ping-Yu , Peng Tzu-Yu , Fu Jui-Chen , Tung Shih-Hung , Chen Ming-Chou , Liu Cheng-Liang
Published: August 2022

A series of dithioalkylated methylidenyl cyclopentadithiophene-based quinoidal small molecules (CDTSQs) with different side chain lengths were designed for n-type OFETs, reaching electron mobility of 0.14 cm2 V−1 s−1 with good ambient stability.
Identity-Focused Practice in Augmentative and Alternative Communication Services: A Framework to Support the Intersecting Identities of Individuals With Severe Disabilities
Authors: Wofford Mary Claire , Ogletree Billy T. , De Nardo Thales
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to consider a framework of identity in provision of services to individuals with severe disabilities who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).

Method:

Components of the framework for identity include personal, social, and cultural areas. These aspects are identified in extant literature on AAC services and discussed through the lens of the Communication Bill of Rights (National Joint Committee for the Communication Needs of Persons with Severe Disabilities in 1992). Identity-focused practice is discussed as being relevant to self-determination and quality of life among individuals with severe disabilities.

Results:

A case study illustrates identity-focused practice in delivery of services to an adolescent who uses AAC, considering personal, social, and cultural identities.

Conclusions:

This clinical focus article proposes a theoretical framework and provides a practice example for addressing the intersecting identities of individuals with severe disabilities. Furthermore, this clinical focus article argues that identity is a basic human right and area in which additional efforts are needed in the application of AAC solutions.
Articulatory Underpinnings of Reduced Acoustic–Phonetic Contrasts in Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Moore Sophie , Rong Panying
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study is to identify the articulatory underpinnings of the acoustic–phonetic correlates of functional speech decline in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Method:

Thirteen individuals with varying severities of speech impairment secondary to ALS and 10 neurologically healthy controls speakers read 12 minimal word pairs, targeting the contrasts in the height, advancement, and length of vowels; the manner and place of articulation for consonants and consonant cluster; and liquid and glide approximants, 5 times. Sixteen acoustic features were extracted to characterize the phonetic contrasts of these minimal word pairs. These acoustic features were correlated with a functional speech index—intelligible speaking rate—using penalized regression, based on which the contributive features were identified as the acoustic–phonetic correlates of the functional speech outcome. Articulatory contrasts of the minimal word pairs were characterized by a set of dissimilarity indices derived by the dynamic time warping algorithm, which measured the differences in the displacement and velocity trajectories of tongue tip, tongue dorsum, lower lip, and jaw between the minimal word pairs. The contributive articulatory features to the acoustic–phonetic correlates were identified by penalized regression.

Results:

A variety of acoustic–phonetic features were identified as contributing to the functional speech outcome, of which the contrasts in vowel height and advancement, [r]–[l], [r]–[w], and initial cluster–singleton were the most affected in individuals with ALS. Differential articulatory underpinnings were identified for these acoustic–phonetic features. Impairments of these articulatory underpinnings, especially of tongue tip and tongue dorsum velocities and tongue tip displacement, were associated with reduced acoustic–phonetic contrasts of the minimal word pairs, in a context-specific manner.

Conclusion:

The findings established explanatory relationships between articulatory impairment and the acoustic–phonetic profile of functional speech decline in ALS, providing useful information for developing targeted management strategies to improve and prolong functional speech in individuals with ALS.
A multi‐objective parallel layered equalizer for large‐scale lithium ion battery system
Authors: Liu Hongrui , Li Hairui , Yang Xudong , Qian Jing
Published: August 2022

The equalizers available are difficult to give consideration to both high balance efficiency and fast balance speed, and their performances are unstable as the number of the series‐connected batteries increases, so they are unsuitable for a large‐scale battery system. A multi‐objective parallel layered equalizer based on battery working states for the large‐scale lithium‐ion battery system is presented. The equalizer has two types of balance objects and two corresponding layers, and the first layer and the second layer take the single battery and the battery unit as the balance object, respectively. The multi‐objective parallel layered balance means that multiple balance objects are selected as the balance objectives simultaneously at each layer. The balance speed is fast due to the multi‐objective parallel balance. The balance efficiency is high due to the short energy path and the complementary pulse width modulation (PWM) control in the first layer, and the double voltage value of the balance object in the second layer. Moreover, the performance of the equalizer is stable, even when the number of series‐connected batteries is large. In short, the proposed equalizer features high efficiency, fast speed, and strong scalability. Further, the experimental platform for a battery system with twelve series‐connected lithium‐ion phosphate batteries is built, and then the balance experiments have been completed. Finally, the effectiveness of the equalizer is verified by the corresponding experimental results.
Corner‐based object detection method for reactivating box constraints
Authors: Zhao Guoqing , Dong Tianyang , Jiang Yiming
Published: August 2022

Corner‐based detectors usually generate a large number of false detection boxes because of insufficient attention to the detection area. Recent corner‐based detectors can achieve good performance, but the training equipment requirements have greatly increased. For example, due to the dense network structure and the large input image size, CenterNet requires expensive equipment for network training (e.g. Tesla V100). Its performance will be greatly reduced when a more mainstream and cheaper device is used for fine‐tuning. The high equipment requirements make it difficult for most researchers to follow up these studies. In this work, CenternessNet, a detector that adds additional box‐edge length constraints to CenterNet is proposed, thereby allowing the network to be trained on more general devices and obtain a better performance. It simply introduces the box as a constraint into the corner‐based network. In this way, the method improves the ability to aggregate corners during training and enhances the model's ability to discriminate the corners of objects in the same category to some extent. The method achieves a better performance than other corner‐based detection networks trained on similar low‐memory devices.
Terrain effect analysis and compensation method for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry height parameter inversion
Authors: Zhiyong Suo , Tingting Wang , Chao Xue , Tao Zhang
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the terrain effect on parameter inversion performance of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) and polarimetric SAR interferometry (PolInSAR) are analysed first. Based on the analysis of the terrain effect on single pixel processing, the terrain effect between adjacent pixels is addressed for both PolSAR and PolInSAR image pairs. Through the analysis, the terrain effect should be considered not only for the single pixel data calibration but also for the adjacent pixels of PolSAR and PolInSAR parameter inversion processing. Therefore, combining with the geometric model correction of sloped‐random volume over ground, the terrain‐compensated procedure is proposed for PolInSAR parameter inversion. The parameter inversion performance is improved effectively with terrain effect consideration. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated by the PolSARPro simulated dataset and the real Phased Array L‐Band Synthetic aperture Radar (PALSAR) dataset.
Dependence of lightning current on resistance and radius of discharge plasma channel
Authors: Chen Baoyu , Yuan Ping , An Tingting , Su Facai , Deng Hong , Wan Ruibin
Published: August 2022

The current transmission characteristics of lightning discharge are closely related to lightning hazard mechanisms. The conductive properties of a lightning plasma channel were analyzed based on the spectra of nine negative cloud-to-ground lightning events recorded by a high-speed slit-less spectrograph and the theory of plasma conductivity. Combined with the information of synchronous electric field change caused by lightning, we estimated the peak current and corresponding current-carrying channel radius and further investigated the dependence of the discharge current on the resistance and radius of the discharge plasma channel. The results showed that there was a nonlinear relationship between the peak current and the resistance per unit length of the discharge channel. The radius of the current-carrying channel was positively correlated with the current intensity. Radius was an important parameter that affects the magnitude of the current. The electrical conductivity and the radius of the current-carrying channel have a coupling effect on the current transmission, which is the main factor determining the current transmission feature in the discharge plasma channel.
Low-voltage-operation of flexible organic C8-BTBT thin-film transistors with a reactively sputtered AlOx gate dielectric
Authors: Liu Wanrong , Zhang Gengming , Jin Chenxing , Xu Yunchao , Nie Yiling , Shi Xiaofang , Sun Jia , Yang Junliang
Published: August 2022

High-k dielectrics are frequently used for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), which facilitate the reduction of the device's operating voltage and enhance the total electrical performance. Along these lines, in this work, the fabrication of high-k AlOx dielectrics with high capacitance and low leakage current is proposed. On top of that, low-voltage flexible OTFTs with a solution-processed 2,7-dioctyl benzothieno[3,2-b] benzothiophene channel layer were demonstrated. The AlOx dielectric film was deposited by employing the reactive magnetron sputtering technique from a metal Al target by using a gas mixture of Ar and O2 at room temperature. At the same time, the surface morphology of the semiconductor film was optimized by controlling the solid solubility of polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate in the semiconductor solution, which is important for improving the device performance. In this way, the prepared flexible OTFTs showed a low operating voltage of 3 V, a high switch ratio of 4.2 × 107, a high mobility is 2.39 cm2/V s, and a steep subthreshold swing close to the theoretical limit of 68 mV/decade. It is, thus, expected that this method will be applicable to the development of high-performance OTFTs.
Quantification of ionic-liquid ion source beam composition from time-of-flight data
Authors: Jia-Richards Oliver
Published: August 2022

Ionic-liquid ion sources produce beams of charged particles through evaporation and acceleration of ions and charged droplets from the surface of an ionic liquid. The composition of the emitted beam can impact the performance of ion sources for various applications such as focused beams for microfabrication and space propulsion. Numerical inference is considered for quantification of the beam composition of an ionic-liquid ion source through determining the current fraction of different species along with providing uncertainty in inferred values. An analysis of previously presented data demonstrates the ability to quantify the presence of ion clusters, including the distinct presence of heavy ion clusters such as heptamers. Quantification of beam composition will be an important technique for quantitative comparison of different time-of-flight data.
Uncovering the morphological effects of high-energy Ga+ focused ion beam milling on hBN single-photon emitter fabrication
Authors: Klaiss Rachael , Ziegler Joshua , Miller David , Zappitelli Kara , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Alemán Benjamín
Published: August 2022

Many techniques to fabricate complex nanostructures and quantum emitting defects in low dimensional materials for quantum information technologies rely on the patterning capabilities of focused ion beam (FIB) systems. In particular, the ability to pattern arrays of bright and stable room temperature single-photon emitters (SPEs) in 2D wide-bandgap insulator hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) via high-energy heavy-ion FIB allows for direct placement of SPEs without structured substrates or polymer-reliant lithography steps. However, the process parameters needed to create hBN SPEs with this technique are dependent on the growth method of the material chosen. Moreover, morphological damage induced by high-energy heavy-ion exposure may further influence the successful creation of SPEs. In this work, we perform atomic force microscopy to characterize the surface morphology of hBN regions patterned by Ga+ FIB to create SPEs at a range of ion doses and find that material swelling, and not milling as expected, is most strongly and positively correlated with the onset of non-zero SPE yields. Furthermore, we simulate vacancy concentration profiles at each of the tested doses and propose a qualitative model to elucidate how Ga+ FIB patterning creates isolated SPEs that is consistent with observed optical and morphological characteristics and is dependent on the consideration of void nucleation and growth from vacancy clusters. Our results provide novel insight into the formation of hBN SPEs created by high-energy heavy-ion milling that can be leveraged for monolithic hBN photonic devices and could be applied to a wide range of low-dimensional solid-state SPE hosts.
Plasmas for in situ resource utilization on Mars: Fuels, life support, and agriculture
Authors: Guerra V. , Silva T. , Pinhão N. , Guaitella O. , Guerra-Garcia C. , Peeters F. J. J. , Tsampas M. N. , van de Sanden M. C. M.
Published: August 2022

This work discusses the potential of combining non-thermal plasmas and conducting membranes for in situ resource utilization (ISRU) on Mars. By converting different molecules directly from the Martian atmosphere, plasmas can create the necessary feed-stock and base chemicals for processing fuels, breathing oxygen, building materials, and fertilizers. Different plasma sources operate according to different principles and are associated with distinct dominant physicochemical mechanisms. This diversity allows exploring different energy transfer pathways leading to CO2 dissociation, including direct electron-impact processes, plasma chemistry mediated by vibrationally and electronically excited states, and thermally driven dissociation. The coupling of plasmas with membranes is still a technology under development, but a synergistic effect between plasma decomposition and oxygen permeation across conducting membranes is anticipated. The emerging technology is versatile, scalable, and has the potential to deliver high rates of production of molecules per kilogram of instrumentation sent to space. Therefore, it will likely play a very relevant role in future ISRU strategies.
High-performance single-shot fourth-order auto-correlator with real-time accuracy self-validation
Authors: Wang Peng , Shen Xiong , Xuan Yaping , Huang Shunlin , Liu Jun
Published: August 2022

An improved single-shot fourth-order auto-correlator for temporal contrast measurement is proposed, in which spectral broadening based on self-phase modulation, followed by spectral filtering, is used for sampling pulse generation. When the input pulse energy is 5.5 mJ, the device has a measurement dynamic range of 3 × 10−11, a temporal resolution of approximately 200 fs, and a time window of 68 ps in a single shot. In addition, benefiting from the sCMOS camera data acquisition system, the measurement accuracy is self-verified using simply a tilted glass plate in the optical path of the sampling pulse. Since there is only one input beam without spatiotemporal overlap during sampling pulse generation, the setup is stable and easy to adjust.
Effects of undercooling on atomic crystallization behaviors and growth mechanisms of pure metals
Authors: Yan Zhenzhen , Xu Bin , Wang Feifei , Li Jinfu , Kong Ling Ti
Published: August 2022

The atomic crystallization behaviors at the crystal–melt interfaces in a broad range of undercoolings are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations for two representative pure metals, FCC Cu and BCC Ta. Results show that the atomic transformation displacements against temperature for both metals have the same trend, i.e., increasing significantly as temperature goes up at small undercooling and keeping invariant at large undercooling. By classifying the interfacial atomic attachment behaviors into ballistic and diffusive motions based on the displacement analysis, it is found that the crystal growth of both metals involves many ballistic attachments, and a small increment of diffusive attachments at the Ta interface leads to a significant energy barrier for crystallization comparing to that of Cu. The temperature effects on the interfacial structures and atomic dynamics to attach onto the crystal are also studied in detail, and their correlations with the different growth mechanisms at low and deep undercoolings are disclosed. Finally, the crystallization rate is proved to be dominated by the atomic transformation displacement and interfacial atomic movement rate for either metal, rather than the atomic thermal velocity or liquid diffusion coefficient.
Development of a confocal line-scan laser scattering probe for dark-field surface defects detection of transmissive optics
Authors: Dong Jingtao , Chang Kai , Tian Zhipeng , Zhang Tengda , Lang Xianli , Zhang Yuzhong , Lu Rongsheng , Xie Xinglong
Published: August 2022

Dark-field detection has long been used to identify micron/submicron-sized surface defects benefiting from the broadening effect of the actual defect size caused by light scattering. However, the back-side scattering of a transmissive optical slab is inevitably confused with the front-side scattering phenomenon, resulting in deterioration of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the scattering signal and false alarms for real defect detection. To this end, a confocal line-scan laser scattering probe equipped with optical sectioning ability is proposed to separate the back-side scattering from the front-side scattering. The optical sectioning ability is realized through a confocal light scattering collector, which overcomes the restriction imposed on the numerical aperture (NA) and the field of view (FOV), reaching an FOV length of 90 mm and NA of 0.69. The line-scan principle of the probe protects itself from crosstalk because it produces only a laser spot on the tested surface in an instant. Experimental results verified that the probe has a line-scan length of 90 mm with a uniformity better than 98%, an rms electronic noise of 3.4 mV, and an rms background noise of 6.4 mV with laser on. The probe can reject the false back-side scattering light for a 2 mm thick fused silica slab at 17.1 dB SNR and operate at a high imaging efficiency of 720 mm2/s with a minimum detectability limit of 1.4 µm at 12 dB SNR. This work put forward an effective method with great application value for submicron-sized defect detection in transmissive optics.
Carbonyl functional group assisted crystallization of mixed tin–lead narrow bandgap perovskite absorber in ambient conditions
Authors: Sattar Abdul , Shahzad Nadia , Tariq Muhammad Ali , Yousaf Tanzeela , Qureshi Muhammad Salik , Shahzad Muhammad Imran , Liaquat Rabia , Ali Majid
Published: August 2022

Tin–lead (Sn–Pb) perovskite solar cells are receiving growing interest due to their applications in tandems and lead mitigation. Nonetheless, fast crystallization and facile Sn2+ oxidation restrict their ambient fabrication, which increases fabrication costs. This Letter presents an experimental study on additive assisted growth of FA0.2MA0.8Sn0.5Pb0.5I2.4Br0.6 narrow bandgap perovskite films employing a Lewis-base molecule, caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione), having two carbonyl functional groups (C = O) in ambient conditions (relative humidity < ∼10%). The C = O interacts with metallic ions (Sn2+ and Pb2+) via chelation to form an acid–base adduct, slowing down the fast crystallization of FA0.2MA0.8Sn0.5Pb0.5I2.4Br0.6 perovskite films. As a result, the grain size improves resulting in better structural and optical properties. In contrast, Urbach energy values showed higher electronic disorder near the band edges even upon caffeine doping implying Sn4+ doping in an ambient environment. This work accentuates the potential of the acid–base adduction to regulate uncontrolled crystallization of Sn–Pb perovskites in the ambient environment.
A miniatured helical antenna based on the sinusoidal folding structure with exponential spacing
Authors: Qiu Yang-xin , Xie Yan-zhao , Wang Shao-fei , Li Qi , Gu Yu-hao , Zhang Pu-qing
Published: August 2022

An exponential spacing and sinusoidal folded helical (ESSFH) antenna backed with a cavity is developed in this paper. Compared with the conventional helical (CH) antenna, the proposed antenna not only has smaller dimension but also exhibits a wider working bandwidth, a higher gain, and a better circular polarization (CP) characteristic. To reduce the dimension of the helical antenna, a sinusoidal structure is adopted along the circumference of the helix. However, it deteriorates the CP characteristic of the antenna. Therefore, the structure of the exponential helix spacing is introduced into the sinusoidal folded helical (SFH) antenna. Then, to further improve the gain of the ESSFH antenna, its ground plane is replaced by an optimized cavity. Compared with the CH antenna, the helix diameter of the ESSFH antenna Dλ is reduced from 0.32 to 0.23, and its volume is reduced to 53%. The ESSFH antenna backed with a cavity has an impedance bandwidth of 0.43–1.02 GHz, which is much wider than 0.48–0.60 GHz of the CH antenna. Moreover, it has an axial ratio of 1.77, while the axial ratio of the CH antenna is 2.61. In addition, its effective potential gain is 0.56, which is 22% higher than that of the CH antenna.
Dispersive readout of a high-Q encapsulated micromechanical resonator
Authors: Bousse Nicholas E. , Kuenstner Stephen E. , Miller James M. L. , Kwon Hyun-Keun , Vukasin Gabrielle D. , Teufel John D. , Kenny Thomas W.
Published: August 2022

Encapsulated bulk mode microresonators in the megahertz range are used in commercial timekeeping and sensing applications, but their performance is limited by the current state of the art of readout methods. We demonstrate a readout using dispersive coupling between a high-Q encapsulated bulk mode micromechanical resonator and a lumped element microwave resonator that is implemented with commercially available components and standard printed circuit board fabrication methods and operates at room temperature and pressure. A frequency domain measurement of the microwave readout system yields a displacement resolution of 522 fm/Hz, which demonstrates an improvement over the state of the art of displacement measurement in bulk-mode encapsulated microresonators. This approach can readily be implemented in cryogenic measurements, allowing for future work characterizing the thermomechanical noise of encapsulated bulk mode resonators at cryogenic temperatures.
Sigma enlarging bridge correction of three dimensional Ornstein–Zernike theory for solvation free energy of polyatomic solutes immersed in Lennard-Jones monatomic solvent
Authors: Miyata Tatsuhiko , Hikasa Yusuke
Published: August 2022

We have studied the applicability of the sigma enlarging bridge (SEB) correction method to the solvation of polyatomic solute molecules in a Lennard-Jones monatomic solvent using the three dimensional Ornstein–Zernike (3D-OZ) theory. It is found that the SEB correction improves the solvation free energy (SFE) significantly. It has been concluded from the analysis of the radial distribution function (RDF) that the parameter included in the SEB function can be transferred from the values of the monatomic solute to those of the polyatomic one for the 3D-OZ theory. The one dimensional reference interaction site model (1D-RISM) theory has also been examined. The SEB correction is found to be applicable to improve the SFE of the 1D-RISM theory. Except for buried or sterically hindered atoms of the solute, the transferability of the SEB parameter has been confirmed in terms of the RDF obtained by the 1D-RISM theory. This paper also examines the applicability of the hybrid closure between the molecular dynamics simulation and the one of the following closure equations—the hyper-netted chain, Kovalenko–Hirata, or Kobryn–Gusarov–Kovalenko equation—for preparing the solvent–solvent correlation function. Using the results of the hybrid closure in addition to the SEB-corrected closure, we discuss the effect of the quality of the correlation functions for the bulk solvent on the accuracy of the SFE.
Post-field ionization of Si clusters in atom probe tomography: A joint theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Cuduvally Ramya , Morris Richard J. H. , Oosterbos Giel , Ferrari Piero , Fleischmann Claudia , Forbes Richard G. , Vandervorst Wilfried
Published: August 2022

A major challenge for atom probe tomography (APT) quantification is the inability to decouple ions that possess the same mass–charge (m/n) ratio but a different mass. For example, 75As+ and 75As22+ at ∼75 Da or 14N+ and 28Si2+ at ∼14 Da cannot be differentiated without the additional knowledge of their kinetic energy or a significant improvement of the mass resolving power. Such mass peak overlaps lead to ambiguities in peak assignment, resulting in compositional uncertainty and an incorrect labeling of the atoms in a reconstructed volume. In the absence of a practical technology for measuring the kinetic energy of the field-evaporated ions, we propose and then explore the applicability of a post-experimental analytical approach to resolve this problem based on the fundamental process that governs the production of multiply charged molecular ions/clusters in APT, i.e., post-field ionization (PFI). The ability to predict the PFI behavior of molecular ions as a function of operating conditions could offer the first step toward resolving peak overlap and minimizing compositional uncertainty. We explore this possibility by comparing the field dependence of the charge-state-ratio for Si clusters (Si2, Si3, and Si4) with theoretical predictions using the widely accepted Kingham PFI theory. We then discuss the model parameters that may affect the quality of the fit and the possible ways in which the PFI of molecular ions in APT can be better understood. Finally, we test the transferability of the proposed approach to different material systems and outline ways forward for achieving more reliable results.
Poetic and visual metaphors in Hungarian folklore*
Authors: Szelid Veronika
Published: August 2022

In this chapter I have a twofold aim: (1) to reveal the complexity of the concept of love in Hungarian folklore by analyzing a number of its linguistic (oral-verbal) and visual representations side by side; and (2) to decipher these two modes of expression in light of each other, with the help of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The reason for doing so is that folkloric artefacts and folk poetry are two different self-expressional modes of a community; therefore, if their symbolism represents certain aspects of the same concept, it enables us to get a more complex view on the concept itself, as well as to explore and compare the different modes the messages are conveyed by.

Texts of folk songs and the patterns, structure and functions of the hope chest, an artefact that played an essential role in a woman’s life in Hungarian folklore, are analyzed in line with each other. I propose that the model of love revealed by folk poetry and folk art is thoroughly intertwined with the concepts of morality, marriage and life, reflecting an optimistic view of the world that extends the bounderies of this earthly life. Furthermore, I argue that both the linguistic and visual representations under scrutiny are manifestations of a coordinating view of the world, which is present in the form of both coordinated source and coordinated target representations. The conceptual disparity between the two modes lies mainly in the static nature of folk art and the dynamicity of language, but the creativity of the studied community seems to surmount this issue by imparting ornaments with a functional value.
Image metaphors of Trianon*
Authors: Putz Orsolya
Published: August 2022

This chapter studies the visual representation of the Treaty of Trianon by identifying the most common image metaphors related to it.1 Three hypotheses are articulated. (1) Visual metaphors about Trianon are based on the same underlying conceptual metaphors as the corresponding metaphorical linguistic expressions. However, it is proposed that figures tend to be construed of mixed metaphors in order to convey a more condensed and complex message. In case of mixed metaphors, more source domains are applied to conceptualize the same target domain. (2) There exists a cultural cognition (Sharifian 2011) about Trianon, which is shared by the contemporary Hungarian community and which is represented in different modes of communication, namely in language and in images. The members of the community are able to understand and (re-)produce the linguistic and image metaphors about Trianon, because their conceptual system about Trianon is structured by similar conceptual metaphors. (3) Furthermore, based on linguistic data Putz (2019), it is assumed that the figures represent the perspective of the post-1920 Hungarian nation exclusively.2

The data is based on a Google search conducted on January 15, 2019, which referenced figures of Trianon with a .hu internet domain. Among the hundreds of thousands of search results, the first 150 figures were selected and ordered into six categories. Among this set of figures, the analysis focused on illustrations based on maps of pre- and post-1920 Hungary. The chapter provides an in-depth analysis of eight figures, based on a three-step procedure, which is motivated by Steen et al.’s (2017) protocol.
Multimodal conceptual patterns of Hungary in political cartoons*
Authors: Virág Ágnes
Published: August 2022

Conventionalized positive images of Hungary have been overemphasized in political caricatures ever since the nineteenth century (Tamás 2012, 2014). The present chapter explores the multimodal representations of hungary in cartoons in the period between 1989 and 1990, during which negative images of Hungary became prominent due to the weak financial situation of the country and the political system change. The corpus involves seventyfive cartoons from the satirical magazine Ludas Matyi. Two major claims are justified by adopting Paula Pérez-Sobrino’s (2017) multimodal identification procedure: (1) the interpretation of verbal elements (e.g., labels, verbal texts, and verbal symbols) in political cartoons influences the identification of multimodal conceptual patterns; (2) the dominant patterns that structure the representation of hungary in political cartoons are metonymy-based visual and multimodal metaphors, and both of them occur in metaphorical scenarios. The corpus analysis indicates that the two main target frames, financial crisis and political changes, appear through the sources of human body and object in metaphorical scenarios, such as ordinary scenes, motion, hospital, sport, tale, love, feast, stunt, begging, and church scenes. Apart from identifying the representations of Hungary, visual metonymies as well as textual cues need to be revealed in order to understand what metaphtonymy scenarios are intended in the cartoons.
Communication, comprehension, and interpretation
Authors: Wilson Deirdre
Published: August 2022

Ray Gibbs has argued that three features of figurative utterance interpretation make it hard to
envisage a unitary pragmatic theory, with a set of dedicated principles or mechanisms linked to “some specialized
‘pragmatics’ part of the mind”. First, a given figurative utterance may be interpreted radically differently in
different contexts; second, pragmatic performance varies not only across, but within, individuals; third, figurative
interpretation involves a mixture of conceptual, perceptual and sensorimotor information which cannot be adequately
rendered in terms of a finite literal paraphrase. In this paper, I consider how relevance theory, an approach to
pragmatics which incorporates such a set of dedicated pragmatic principles or mechanisms, might deal with the
context-dependence, variability and indeterminacy of figurative interpretation in particular, and utterance
interpretation in general.
Experiential viewpoint, simile and dynamicity in discourse
Authors: Dancygier Barbara
Published: August 2022

The proposal to consider the use of metaphor from the perspective of discourse dynamicity is
becoming increasingly popular. In this chapter, I give the idea further support, but I also suggest two additions: a
closer look at how dynamicity works in various discourse types and a clearer focus on how dynamicity is achieved
through the use of various figurative forms. Besides, I argue for a more structured understanding of the link between
discourse, figuration and experiential viewpoint. I consider a range of examples, from various discourses, including
literary texts, to substantiate the types of research questions facing the idea of dynamicity.
Figurativity
Authors: Colston Herbert L. , Rasse Carina
Published: August 2022

We’ve long recognized that figurative language is social in multiple ways. But new developments in
both socio-cognitive neuroscience and linguistic pragmatics suggests that the extent to which all language, figurative
and everything else, might be considered social has been underestimated. This chapter first reviews the three main
neurally-driven and evolutionarily-constructed powerful social drives in people, motivating us to form social
connections, to maintain or improve our status in social networks and hierarchies, and to form a sense-of-self derived
from social expectations. The chapter then covers the 9 or 10 different ways in which figurative language,
non-figurative language, indirect language and a handful of other processes on the “other-side-of-meaning” (Colston, 2019), exist fundamentally to service those powerful social
motivations, several of which are not usually considered in discussions of the sociality of figurative and other
language.1
So let’s say men can’t understand that much
Authors: Pawelczyk Joanna , Faccio Elena
Published: August 2022

In this paper we look at three extracts of two psychotherapy sessions between a female therapist and a woman
patient suffering from bulimia and depression. We use conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis to examine
how gender, indexing the quality of the emotional bond between participants, is interactionally managed in view of the
session’s goals.

The findings show the patient relying on gender as category-sharing to account for her actions and seek
understanding. The therapist, however, tends to resist the category-sharing and engages the patient in extensive work around
gender categories. Women psychotherapists should be particularly attuned to women patients’ invoking of category-sharing and
critically consider its relevance and application in the situated context of therapy work.