bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review: Gastric malignancies: Basic aspects
Authors: Camargo M. Constanza , Figueiredo Ceu , Machado Jose C.
Published: September 2019

Gastric cancer is the third deadliest cancer in the world, and the absolute number of cases is increasing every year due to aging and growing of high‐risk populations. This disease is a consequence of the complex interaction of microbial agents, with environmental and host factors, resulting in the dysregulation of multiple oncogenic and tumor‐suppressing signaling pathways. Despite the advances in our understanding of carcinogenesis, there are still reduced therapeutic options for patients with gastric cancer. In recent years, genomic analyses of gastric tumors have emphasized their molecular heterogeneity. The distinction of gastric cancer molecular subtypes may be a key to identify novel therapeutic targets, to predict patient outcome and response to therapy, and to guide early diagnosis strategies. In this review, we summarize the most recent updates on the relationship between microbial agents and gastric cancer, in particular, Helicobacter pylori, the non‐H pylori microbiome, and Epstein‐Barr virus. We also highlight the main advances made in the past year regarding the molecular characterization of gastric cancer, especially the signatures with potential clinical utility.
Review: Other Helicobacter species
Authors: Ménard Armelle , Smet Annemieke
Published: September 2019

This article is a review of the most important, accessible, and relevant literature published between April 2018 and April 2019 in the field of Helicobacter species other than Helicobacter pylori. The initial part of the review covers new insights regarding the presence of gastric and enterohepatic non‐H. pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH) in humans and animals, while the subsequent section focuses on the progress in our understanding of the pathogenicity and evolution of these species. Over the last year, relatively few cases of gastric NHPH infections in humans were published, with most NHPH infections being attributed to enterohepatic Helicobacters. A novel species, designated “Helicobacter caesarodunensis,” was isolated from the blood of a febrile patient and numerous cases of human Helicobacter cinaedi infections underlined this species as a true emerging pathogen. With regard to NHPH in animals, canine/feline gastric NHPH cause little or no harm in their natural host; however they can become opportunistic when translocated to the hepatobiliary tract. The role of enterohepatic Helicobacter species in colorectal tumors in pets has also been highlighted. Several studies in rodent models have further elucidated the mechanisms underlying the development of NHPH‐related disease, and the extra‐gastric effects of a Helicobacter suis infection on brain homeostasis was also studied. Comparative genomics facilitated a breakthrough in the evolutionary history of Helicobacter in general and NHPH in particular. Investigation of the genome of Helicobacter apodemus revealed particular traits with regard to its virulence factors. A range of compounds including mulberries, dietary fiber, ginseng, and avian eggs which target the gut microbiota have also been shown to affect Helicobacter growth, with a potential therapeutic utilization and increase in survival.
Usability and feasibility of multimedia interventions for engaging patients in their care in the context of acute recovery: A narrative review
Authors: McDonall Jo , Hutchinson Anastasia F. , Redley Bernice , Livingston Patricia M. , Botti Mari
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this narrative review was to examine the usability and feasibility of multimedia intervention as a platform to enable patient participation in the context of acute recovery and to discover what outcomes have been measured.

Data sources

A narrative review of primary research articles identified through a search of four electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycInfo) identified peer‐reviewed research evidence published in English language with no limitation placed on time period or publication type. Two authors independently assessed articles for inclusion. From the 277 articles identified through the search, 10 papers reporting the outcomes of seven studies were included in this review.

Review methods

Articles were independently assessed for quality and relevance by two authors. The most appropriate method for data synthesis for this review was a narrative synthesis.

Results

From the narrative synthesis of study outcomes, two findings emerged as follows: (a) multimedia interventions are feasible and usable in the context of acute care, and (b) multimedia interventions can improve patients’ perception of care‐related knowledge. Identified gaps included a lack of evidence in relation to the effect of interventions on enhancing patients’ ability to participate in their care and the impact on patients’ health‐related outcomes.

Conclusions

In conclusion, there is some evidence of the feasibility and usability of multimedia interventions in acute care. That is, patients can use these types of platforms in this context and are satisfied with doing so. Multimedia platforms have a role in the delivery of information for patients during acute recovery; however, the effectiveness of these platforms to engage and enhance patients’ capability to participate in their recovery and the impact on outcomes needs to be rigorously evaluated.
A mixed‐methods exploration of non‐attendance at diabetes appointments using peer researchers
Authors: Eades Claire , Alexander Helen
Published: September 2019

Background

Non‐attendance at diabetes appointments is costly to the health service and linked with poorer patient outcomes.

Objective

Peer researchers aimed to conduct interviews and survey people who miss appointments about their beliefs and perceptions regarding their diabetes and diabetes appointments.

Design

A mixed‐methods cross‐sectional design with interviews conducted by peer researchers with diabetes and a questionnaire was used.

Setting and participants

Peer researchers conducted semi‐structured telephone interviews in one health board in Scotland with ten people who had missed diabetes appointments. A further 34 people who had missed appointments completed a questionnaire. The study was informed by two psychological theories (the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Self‐Regulation Model), and interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Interviewees planned to attend appointments but practical barriers, low perceived value of appointments and the feeling that diabetes had little impact upon their lives’ emerged as key reasons for missing appointments. Questionnaire data supported these findings and showed that respondents perceived diabetes to have only mildly serious consequence and cause limited concern and emotional impact. Participants’ understanding of their condition and perceptions of personal control and treatment control were low. Gender, perceived behavioural control and emotional representations were significantly associated with the number of appointments missed in the previous year.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of psychological variables in predicting non‐attendance at diabetes appointments and provide avenues for how non‐attendance might be tackled.
Lupus anticoagulant diagnosis in patients receiving direct oral FXa inhibitors at trough levels: A real‐life study
Authors: Gay Juliette , Duchemin Jérôme , Imarazene Meriem , Fontenay Michaela , Jourdi Georges
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Direct oral factor Xa inhibitors (xabans) induce false positive results for lupus anticoagulant (LA) diagnosis. Consequently, it is suggested not to perform LA testing in xabans patients although it may be useful in selected patients. In this monocentric study, we evaluated xabans impact at trough levels (ie, just before the next intake) on LA diagnosis in treated patients using dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT) and two LA sensitive activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).

Methods

Sixty patients receiving rivaroxaban (30) or apixaban (30) were included. Plasma concentrations were measured using specific anti‐Xa assays. LA testing was performed using one dRVVT (LAC‐Screening®/Confirm®; Siemens) and two LA sensitive aPTT‐based assays (Hemosil® Silica Clotting Time (SCT) Screen/Confirm; Werfen and Dade® Actin® Factor Sensitivity FSL/FS (Actin F); Siemens).

Results

Median [min‐max] concentrations were 23 [<18‐68] for rivaroxaban and 42 ng/mL [19‐99] for apixaban. dRVVT was positive in 93% of rivaroxaban and 40% of apixaban samples. SCT was positive in 40 and 30% and Actin F in 17 and 20% of samples respectively. Xabans affected more significantly dRVVT than aPTT‐based assays (P < .001) with less false positive results with apixaban than with rivaroxaban samples irrespective of the assay used.

Conclusion

lupus anticoagulant diagnosis in rivaroxaban and apixaban samples drawn at trough levels remains questionable whenever positive results are obtained. If LA testing in apixaban samples might be useful to rule‐out LA using dRVVT and/or aPTT‐based assays, the wide majority of rivaroxaban samples would give false positive results.
Effects of Epichloë endophyte infection on growth, physiological properties and seed germination of wild barley under saline conditions
Authors: Wang Zhengfeng , Li Chunjie , White James
Published: September 2019

Wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum) is a grass that inhabits alkalized meadows in northern China. An asexual Epichloë bromicola endophyte was detected in seeds and leaf sheaths in all wild barley samples from Gansu Province, China. In this research, we determined the effects of the E. bromicola endophyte on growth, physiological properties and seed germination of wild barley under salt stress through a set of experiments. Our results demonstrate that endophyte‐infected (E+) plants produced more tillers, higher biomass and yield, higher chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase activity than endophyte‐free (E−) plants under high salt stress. Seed germination parameters of E+ biotype were significantly higher than those of E− plants when NaCl concentration reached 200 and 300 mM. Our results demonstrate that E. bromicola endophytes increased tolerance to salt stress in wild barley by increasing seed germination and growth, and altering plant physiology.
The mental health needs and concerns of older people who identify as LGBTQ+: A narrative review of the international evidence
Authors: McCann Edward , Brown Michael John
Published: September 2019

Aims

To synthesize the best available evidence on the experiences and perceptions of older people who identify as LGBTQ + regarding their mental health needs and concerns.

Design

A narrative review and critical appraisal of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies.

Data sources

A systematic search was undertaken across all of the databases including PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Sociological Abstracts. International studies published in academic journals in the English language, from January 1995 ‐ January 2019 were appraised. Studies had to involve older people identifying as LGBTQ + and who had experiences mental health issues.

Review methods

Fourteen papers were selected for inclusion in the systematic review. A narrative analysis of the papers was used by synthesizing the key findings and organizing them into themes and concepts.

Results

Following analysis of the data, the identified themes were: (a) LGBTQ + identity issues (b) risk and vulnerability factors, (c) coping strategies and resilience, (d) interventions and supports.

Conclusion

This review highlights key mental health‐related issues that need to be taken into account in the creation and provision of appropriate, responsive and inclusive supports and services.

Impact

What were the main findings? Some older people who identify as LGBTQ + have experienced stigma, discrimination, and minority stress. However, many have developed coping strategies and resilience while others have developed mental health issues. It is necessary to have in place appropriate interventions and supports to effectively meet the needs of this population.

Where and on whom will the research have impact? The review has significant implications for health and nursing policy and inform developments in nursing practice and nurse education.
Inactivation kinetics of inoculated Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua in fresh‐cut Chinese cabbage using sweeping frequency ultrasound
Authors: Alenyorege Evans A. , Ma Haile , Ayim Ishmael
Published: September 2019

Sweeping frequency ultrasound washing is a recent technology of applying varying ultrasound frequencies in the decontamination of fresh produce. Ultrasound inactivation of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua inoculated on fresh‐cut Chinese cabbage was investigated at sweeping frequencies of 28 ± 2 to 68 ± 2 kHz for washing time of 5–40 min. The survival ratio of E. coli and L. innocua decreased with the time of exposure to ultrasound washing and varying frequencies. E. coli were more sensitive to ultrasound washing than L. innocua, achieving >3.0 log reductions after 10 min of washing with 40 ± 2 kHz. A nonlinear Weibull model was used to describe the experimental data, and the fitness of the model was evaluated by the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE). The model used provided a good fit with R2 ≥ .98 for both bacteria and RMSE values in the range of 0.03–0.21 and 0.02–0.32 for E. coli and L. innocua, respectively.

Practical Application

Ultrasound decontamination is an alternative nonthermal technology that has been applied in recent years to improve the microbial safety of fresh produce. The bacterial inactivation is predominantly attributed to cavitation, an occurrence that interrupts cellular arrangement and function. With the known significance of sanitization in the processing of vegetables, it is imperative to develop and appraise novel approaches that contribute to the microbial safety of these fresh produce. Largely, the results of our study could guide the design of new ultrasonic fresh produce wash systems in addition to current industrial practice related to frequency selection and use of ultrasound during fresh produce sanitation.
Low‐Value Proton Pump Inhibitor Prescriptions Among Older Adults at a Large Academic Health System
Authors: Mafi John N. , May Folasade P. , Kahn Katherine L. , Chong Michelle , Corona Edgar , Yang Liu , Mongare Margaret M. , Nair Vishnu , Reynolds Courtney , Gupta Reshma , Damberg Cheryl L. , Esrailian Eric , Sarkisian Catherine
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Older adults are particularly vulnerable to complications from proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs. We sought to characterize the prevalence of potentially low‐value PPI prescriptions among older adults to inform a quality improvement (QI) intervention.

METHODS

We created a cohort of patients, aged 65 years or older, receiving primary care at a large academic health system in 2018. We identified patients currently prescribed any PPI using the electronic health record (EHR) medication list (current defined as September 1, 2018). A geriatrician, a gastroenterologist, a QI expert, and two primary care physicians (PCPs) created multidisciplinary PPI appropriateness criteria based on evidenced‐based guidelines. Supervised by a gastroenterologist and PCP, two internal medicine residents conducted manual chart reviews in a random sample of 399 patients prescribed PPIs. We considered prescriptions potentially low value if they lacked a guideline‐based (1) short‐term indication (gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD]/peptic ulcer disease/Helicobacter pylori gastritis/dyspepsia) or (2) long‐term (>8 weeks) indication (severe/refractory GERD/erosive esophagitis/Barrett esophagus/esophageal adenocarcinoma/esophageal stricture/high gastrointestinal bleeding risk/Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome). We used the Wilson score method to calculate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on low‐value PPI prescription prevalence.

RESULTS

Among 69 352 older adults, 8729 (12.6%) were prescribed a PPI. In the sample of 399 patients prescribed PPIs, 63.9% were female; their mean age was 76.2 years, and they were seen by 169 PCPs. Of the 399 prescriptions, 143 (35.8%; 95% CI = 31.3%‐40.7%) were potentially low value—of which 82% began appropriately (eg, GERD) but then continued long term without a guideline‐based indication. Among 169 PCPs, 32 (18.9%) contributed to 59.2% of potentially low‐value prescriptions.

CONCLUSION

One in eight older adults were prescribed a PPI, and over one‐third of prescriptions were potentially low‐value. Most often, appropriate short‐term prescriptions became potentially low value because they lacked long‐term indications. With most potentially low‐value prescribing concentrated among a small subset of PCPs, interventions targeting them and/or applying EHR‐based automatic stopping rules may protect older adults from harm. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2600–2604, 2019
Helminth parasites occurrence in wild proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus), endemic primates to Borneo Island
Authors: Adrus Madinah , Zainuddin Ramlah , Ahmad Khairi Nur Hidayah , Ahamad Mariana , Abdullah Mohd‐Tajuddin
Published: September 2019

Background

Nasalis larvatusare well‐known attraction for tourists in the mangrove forest of Bako National Park (BNP). Little is known regarding the infestation of helminth parasites in proboscis monkeys. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence species of major helminth parasites of public health importance in proboscis monkeys in BNP.

Methods

A total of 65 faecal samples screened for helminth parasites via sodium nitrate floatation and faecal sedimentation techniques.

Results

A total of 14 helminth parasite species comprising of eight genera of nematodes, two species of cestodes and two trematodes were identified. Eggs ofTrichuris trichiurawere the most frequently encountered in proboscis monkeys.

Conclusion

This is the first survey on the fauna of helminth parasites of proboscis monkeys living in mangrove forests, and therefore, it implies the important baseline information that increases our current knowledge for future research regarding parasite‐host ecology in primates.
Values of plasma total proteins of free‐living marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in an urban forest
Authors: de Albuquerque Juliana Ribeiro , da Silva Fernanda Danielle Gomes , Rocha Pedro Ivo Aragão , Souza Dênisson da Silva e , de Oliveira Maria Adélia Borstelmann , Cadena Pabyton Gonçalves , Soares Anísio Francisco
Published: September 2019

Background

Callithrix jacchus is a small primate widely used in experimentation, but data on plasma total protein (PTP) values of free‐living animals inhabiting its own endemism region are non‐existent.

Methods

Marmosets belonging to two free‐living groups were captured for marking and obtaining biological material. The collected blood was centrifuged to obtain the plasma and thus to determine the concentration of PTP.

Results and conclusions

Females and adults had the highest mean PTP. Mean found were higher than other values described for other neotropical primates, and the high PTP values presented by the animals indicate dehydration. Due to the importance of total plasma proteins for health and management, obtaining these values as a reference is relevant for the free‐living Callithrix genus and other neotropical primates
Full‐face treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA: Results from a single‐center study
Authors: D'Emilio Roberta , Rosati Giuseppe
Published: September 2019

Background

Botulinum toxin type A injection is a common aesthetic treatment that can be used alone or in combination to rejuvenate the entire face and neck.

Objectives

To assess the safety and efficacy of a full‐face approach with botulinum toxin type A.

Methods

This was a single‐center, retrospective review of data from 189 patients receiving full‐face and neck treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA in the following areas: glabellar lines, crow's feet lines, forehead lines, bunny lines, sagging nasal tip, gummy smile, marionette lines, mentalis, masseter, and lateral/anterior platysma.

Results

The mean age was 56.6 ± 9.2 years, and 94.7% were women (n = 179). Patients received a total of 394 full‐face treatments (mean: 2.1 per person; range 1‐7). The mean quantity of onabotulinumtoxinA injected was 113.8 ± 17.6 units per treatment (range: 50‐180 units). The most frequently injected areas were the glabella/crow's feet/forehead (n = 383; 97.2%), platysma (n = 378; 95.9%), bunny lines (n = 283; 71.8%), and chin (n = 120; 30.5%). Six patients (3.2%) experienced complications: five cases of unwanted diffusion from the mentalis into the depressor labii inferioris and one case of right eyelid ptosis after injection in the upper third. All were minor and none appeared to be related to overall dose.

Conclusions

Full‐face and neck treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA can be performed without substantial safety concerns, often leading to excellent results. This approach may become increasingly prevalent in the coming years.
Mismatches in the Marriage Market
Authors: Lichter Daniel T. , Price Joseph P. , Swigert Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2019

Objective

This article provides an assessment of whether unmarried women currently face demographic shortages of marital partners in the U.S. marriage market.

Background

One explanation for the declines in marriage is the putative shortage of economically attractive partners for unmarried women to marry. Previous studies provide mixed results but are usually focused narrowly on sex ratio imbalances rather than identifying shortages on the multiple socioeconomic characteristics that typically sort women and men into marriages.

Methods

This study identifies recent marriages from the 2008 to 2012 and 2013 to 2017 cumulative 5‐year files of the American Community Survey. Data imputation methods provide estimates of the sociodemographic characteristics of unmarried women's potential (or synthetic) spouses who resemble the husbands of otherwise comparable married women. These estimates are compared with the actual distribution of unmarried men at the national, state, and local area levels to identify marriage market imbalances.

Results

These synthetic husbands have an average income that is about 58% higher than the actual unmarried men that are currently available to unmarried women. They also are 30% more likely to be employed (90% vs. 70%) and 19% more likely to have a college degree (30% vs. 25%). Racial and ethnic minorities, especially Black women, face serious shortages of potential marital partners, as do low socioeconomic status and high socioeconomic status unmarried women, both at the national and subnational levels.

Conclusions

This study reveals large deficits in the supply of potential male spouses. One implication is that the unmarried may remain unmarried or marry less well‐suited partners.
Social Misfit or Normal Development? Students Who Do Not Date
Authors: Douglas Brooke , Orpinas Pamela
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE

Prior research identified 4 distinct dating trajectories from 6th to 12th grade: Low, Increasing, High Middle School, and Frequent. The purpose of this study was to examine whether 10th graders in the Low dating group differed on emotional, interpersonal, and adaptive skills from youth in the other trajectories.

METHODS

The sample consisted of 594 10th graders. We compared the 4 dating groups using teacher ratings (social skills, leadership, depression) and student self‐reports (positive relationships with friends, at home, and at school; depression, suicidal ideation). To compare scores by dating trajectory, we used chi‐square test and analysis of variance.

RESULTS

Students in the Low dating group had significantly higher teacher ratings of social skills and leadership, and lower ratings of depression compared to the other groups. Self‐reports of positive relationships did not differ by dating groups. Self‐reported depression was significantly lower in the Low dating group, but suicidal ideations did not differ.

CONCLUSION

Adolescents who were not in a romantic relationship had good social skills and low depression, and fared better or equal to peers who dated. These results refute the notion that non‐daters are maladjusted. Health promotion interventions in schools should include non‐dating as one option of healthy development.
Making registers in politics: Circulation and ideologies of linguistic authority
Authors: Gal Susan
Published: September 2019

This paper examines the role of register‐making in constructing and evoking authority for political discourses. Three aspects of such enregisterment are defined and exemplified: clasping, relaying, and grafting. Though they occur together in any case of enregisterment, these processes are analytically separable. As registers circulate, they link arenas of social action, creating relations of authority between the social arena of those who construct the register and the arena of those whom the register names and characterizes (clasping). Registers also display connections between organizations in different social arenas (relaying). Finally, registers may draw on—tap into—institutional discourses that are highly authorized, implanting onto them ways of speaking that convey meanings opposed to the institution's values. Paradoxically, such graftings draw authority from the very discourses they oppose. Examples come from Hungarian and other east European politics, as well as historical cases from theUS.
Neuroimaging genetics studies of specific reading disability and developmental language disorder: A review
Authors: Landi Nicole , Perdue Meaghan V.
Published: September 2019

Developmental disorders of spoken and written language are heterogeneous in nature with impairments observed across various linguistic, cognitive, and sensorimotor domains. These disorders are also associated with characteristic patterns of atypical neural structure and function that are observable early in development, often before formal schooling begins. Established patterns of heritability point toward genetic contributions, and molecular genetics approaches have identified genes that play a role in these disorders. Still, identified genes account for only a limited portion of phenotypic variance in complex developmental disorders, described as the problem of “missing heritability.” The characterization of intermediate phenotypes at the neural level may fill gaps in our understanding of heritability patterns in complex disorders, and the emerging field of neuroimaging genetics offers a promising approach to accomplish this goal. The neuroimaging genetics approach is gaining prevalence in language‐ and reading‐related research as it is well‐suited to incorporate behavior, genetics, and neurobiology into coherent etiological models of complex developmental disorders. Here, we review research applying the neuroimaging genetics approach to the study of specific reading disability (SRD) and developmental language disorder (DLD), much of which links genes with known neurodevelopmental function to functional and structural abnormalities in the brain.
Exploring the latitude of attitude: Intentions to breastfeed among adolescents in Lebanese schools
Authors: Moukarzel Sara , Abou Jaoudeh Maya , Farhat Antoine , Saade Marianne , Mamas Christoforos , Daly Alan J.
Published: September 2019

School‐based breastfeeding education (SBBE) may help improve breastfeeding rates in the long‐term by targeting children and adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, skills, and intentions. Breastfeeding rates in Lebanon are suboptimal. Psychosocial drivers of breastfeeding intention among the youth are unknown. We administered a survey to 658 high school students (448 females; 210 males) at two large Lebanese schools to understand intentions, intention drivers, and views on SBBE as means to guide SBBE programme design on the basis of the theory of planned behaviour. We collected information on demographics, intention to breastfeed/support wife to breastfeed future. Intention was predicted by attitude related to breastfeeding health outcomes and family normative beliefs—χ2(25) = 115, P < .001 for males, and χ2(39.3) = 186, P < .001 for females. Among females, intention was also positively associated with being breastfed, higher socio‐economic status, and being more accepting of public breastfeeding. Seventy‐eight per cent of students felt they were not learning enough about breastfeeding in school but were interested in SBBE through didactic teaching methods and interactive experiences. Findings indicate that breastfeeding intention among adolescent students is not merely influenced by the extent of knowledge but by more complicated psychosocial drivers that may differ by gender. Our findings also suggest a misalignment exists between what schools are providing with what students feel they need, thereby opening up a potential space for intervention.
Where extremes meet: Sport, nationalism, and secessionism in Catalonia and Scotland
Authors: Vaczi Mariann , Bairner Alan , Whigham Stuart
Published: September 2019

In this essay, we trace the symbolic conundrums of belonging and of the reconciliation of identities, in the context of Catalan and Scottish sport and politics. Our discussion will commence with a necessarily concise consideration of past academic contentions regarding the national “psyches,” which have been argued to shape contemporary notions of identity and politics in Catalonia and Scotland, before turning our attention to the specific role of sport vis‐à‐vis these psyches and the growing clamour for greater political autonomy for each of these stateless nations. On the basis of the evidence drawn from the interaction between sport and politics in the two nations, we argue that secessionism is a liminal field of transformation as it includes what is seen as mutually exclusive sets of relationships (Catalans vs. Spaniards, Scottish vs. British, and secessionists vs. unionists/centralists), which at the same time allows subjects to pass from one state to another and occupy them nonexclusively.
Defective Pollen Wall 3 (DPW3), a novel alpha integrin‐like protein, is required for pollen wall formation in rice
Authors: Mondol Palash Chandra , Xu Dawei , Duan Lei , Shi Jianxin , Wang Canhua , Chen Xiaofei , Chen Mingjiao , Hu Jianping , Liang Wanqi , Zhang Dabing
Published: September 2019

In flowering plants, pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell‐wall matrix surrounding male gametophytes and acts as a natural protector of pollen grains against various environmental and biological stresses. The formation of pollen wall is a complex but well‐regulated process, which involves the action of many different genes. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown.

In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel rice male sterile mutant, defective pollen wall3 (dpw3), which displays smaller and paler anthers with aborted pollen grains. DPW3 encodes a novel membrane‐associated alpha integrin‐like protein conserved in land plants. DPW3 is ubiquitously expressed in anther developmental stages and its protein is localized to the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi.

Anthers of dpw3 plants exhibited unbalanced anther cuticular profile, abnormal Ubisch bodies, disrupted callose deposition, defective pollen wall formation such as abnormal microspore plasma membrane undulation and defective primexine formation, resulting in pollen abortion and complete male sterility.

Our findings revealed a novel and vital role of alpha integrin‐like proteins in plant male reproduction.
Pod indehiscence is a domestication and aridity resilience trait in common bean
Authors: Parker Travis A. , Berny Mier y Teran Jorge C. , Palkovic Antonia , Jernstedt Judy , Gepts Paul
Published: September 2019

Plant domestication has strongly modified crop morphology and development. Nevertheless, many crops continue to display atavistic characteristics that were advantageous to their wild ancestors but are deleterious under cultivation, such as pod dehiscence (PD). Here, we provide the first comprehensive assessment of the inheritance of PD in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), a major domesticated grain legume.

Using three methods to evaluate the PD phenotype, we identified multiple, unlinked genetic regions controlling PD in a biparental population and two diversity panels. Subsequently, we assessed patterns of orthology among these loci and those controlling the trait in other species.

Our results show that different genes were selected in each domestication and ecogeographic race. A chromosome Pv03 dirigent‐like gene, involved in lignin biosynthesis, showed a base‐pair substitution that is associated with decreased PD. This haplotype may underlie the expansion of Mesoamerican domesticates into northern Mexico, where arid conditions promote PD.

The rise in frequency of the decreased‐PD haplotype may be a consequence of the markedly different fitness landscape imposed by domestication. Environmental dependency and genetic redundancy can explain the maintenance of atavistic traits under domestication.
Wheat gene Sr60 encodes a protein with two putative kinase domains that confers resistance to stem rust
Authors: Chen Shisheng , Rouse Matthew N. , Zhang Wenjun , Zhang Xiaoqin , Guo Yan , Briggs Jordan , Dubcovsky Jorge
Published: September 2019

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a devastating fungal disease threatening global wheat production. The present paper reports the identification of stem rust resistance gene Sr60, a race‐specific gene from diploid wheat Triticum monococcum L. that encodes a protein with two putative kinase domains. This gene, designated as WHEAT TANDEM KINASE 2 (WTK2), confers intermediate levels of resistance to Pgt.

WTK2 was identified by map‐based cloning and validated by transformation of a c.10‐kb genomic sequence including WTK2 into susceptible common wheat variety Fielder (Triticum aestivum L.).

Transformation of Fielder with WTK2 was sufficient to confer Pgt resistance. Sr60 transcripts were transiently upregulated 1 d post‐inoculation with Pgt, but not in mock‐inoculated plants. The upregulation of Sr60 was associated with stable upregulation of several pathogenesis‐related genes.

The Sr60‐resistant haplotype found in T. monococcum was not found in polyploid wheat, suggesting an opportunity to introduce a novel resistance gene. Sr60 was successfully introgressed into hexaploid wheat, and we developed a diagnostic molecular marker to accelerate its deployment and pyramiding with other resistance genes. The cloned Sr60 also can be a useful component of transgenic cassettes including other resistance genes with complementary resistance profiles.
Score‐based diagnostic approach to celiac disease and bone mineral density
Authors: Coşkun Mehmet Enes , Hizli Şamil , Yavuz Sibel , Temel Münevver Tuğba
Published: September 2019

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a score‐based diagnostic approach (SBDA) proposed in the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) 2012 guideline, and the usefulness of bone mineral density (BMD) measurement in SBDA as an objective finding in the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD).

Methods

The SBDA scores of 153 biopsy‐proven celiac diagnosed children (derived from symptomatology, serology, human leukocyte antigen [HLA] analysis, histology) were calculated. Additionally, BMD Z scores obtained at diagnosis were also investigated. The diagnostic sensitivity of SBDA was tested in different scenarios in which low BMD was scored as a diagnostic finding.

Results

The mean age of children was 9.48 ± 3.59 years and 54.2% were female. All patients scored ≥4, which is the minimum score to diagnose CD in SBDA. Mean BMD Z score in 142 of 153 patients was −2.70 ± 1.16, and 73.9% of them were below −2. Moreover, different diagnostic scenarios without histology were tested. In one of them, BMD and HLA were not included and the sensitivity was 85.2%. In another one, low BMD was scored as an equivalent of malabsorption, HLA was not included and sensitivity was 97.2%. The sensitivities of these scenarios were significantly different (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

In the absence of both HLA and histology, accepting low BMD as an equivalent of malabsorption drastically increased the diagnostic sensitivity, while SBDA had limited success. Therefore, BMD might be useful when HLA and biopsy are not available.
Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Quality of Life Assessment of Spina Bifida in Teenagers (QUALAS‐T‐J)
Authors: Kawahara Tae , Sugita Yoshifumi , Momose Hitoshi , Szymanski Konrad M , Hida Eisuke , Yamazaki Akemi
Published: September 2019

Background

Spina bifida (SB) is the second‐most common birth defect in Japan. In recent years, health‐related quality of life measurements have been used to assess the psychosocial status of children with SB. The Quality of Life Assessment of Spina Bifida in Teenagers (QUALAS‐T) is a self‐reported questionnaire for subjects aged 13–17 years with SB. It focuses particularly on factors related to independence, bladder and bowel. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Japanese version of QUALAS‐T (QUALAS‐T‐J).

Methods

Three urologists specialized in SB, two nurses, one statistician, and the author of the original version developed the QUALAS‐T‐J. Subjects with SB completed the QUALAS‐T‐J and the Japanese version of KIDSCREEN‐27 (J‐KIDSCREEN‐27) independently from their parents.

Results

A pilot study involving seven adolescents with SB and confirmed face and content validity. Sixty‐nine adolescents with SB participated in the main survey. The intraclass correlation coefficient in the retest was 0.77, and Cronbach's alpha in each domain was 0.83 and 0.79. Validity was verified on factor analysis and convergent/divergent validity. Five items converged in the one domain, Bladder and Bowel. The remaining five items converged in the concept of Family and Independence. The correlation between each domain of the QUALAS‐T‐J and J‐KIDSCREEN‐27 was low–moderate.

Conclusion

The reliability and validity of the QUALAS‐T‐J were verified in Japanese adolescents with SB. The QUALAS‐T‐J would be a useful tool for communication between adolescents with SB and medical staff.
Evaluating diverse systems of tobacco genetic resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae in Yunnan, China
Authors: Zeng J. M. , Nifong J. , Liu Y. , Huang C. J. , Fang D. H. , Lewis R. S. , Li Y. P.
Published: September 2019

Black shank, caused by the soilborne pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting tobacco production in China. The most effective strategy for reducing economic loss from this pathogen is development and use of resistant tobacco varieties. Multiple sources and systems of resistance have been developed in the Western Hemisphere; however, populations of P. nicotianae are variable around the world, including the predominance of different races. Different P. nicotianae isolates may react differently on tobacco plants with different systems of resistance, a possibility that could complicate the breeding of cultivars with resistance that is effective in different tobacco production regions worldwide. The objective of this research was to evaluate an array of tobacco germplasm possessing different systems of genetic resistance to black shank disease in tobacco‐growing regions of Yunnan, China. Resistance types included simply inherited resistance mechanisms introgressed from wild Nicotiana relatives and polygenic partial resistance systems of N. tabacum origin. The loci of Wz exhibited high level resistance to black shank in the five diverse disease environments in Yunnan, China. K326 Php/−Wz/− genotype and Beinhart 1000 exhibited the greatest levels of resistance in both 2015 and 2016. Field observed results for 13 tobacco genotypes were highly correlated with those tested in growth chamber evaluation. These findings suggest that both Wz− and Beinhart 1000‐mediated resistance have important commercial value in flue‐cured tobacco breeding programmes in China. Cultivars developed for black shank resistance in China may also have utility in other tobacco‐growing areas.
Nasal high‐flow therapy: Established roles and emerging opportunities
Authors: Mansfield Darren R.
Published: September 2019

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Recalibrating hope: A longitudinal study of the experiences of people with aphasia after stroke
Authors: Bright Felicity A.S. , McCann Clare M. , Kayes Nicola M.
Published: September 2019

Background

Hope is a critical resource for people with aphasia after stroke, sustaining people though times of distress and uncertainty and providing motivation. In the first months after stroke, hope is vulnerable to different influences, and people can struggle to identify and work towards hopes for the future. We have little knowledge about how people with aphasia experience hope in the longer term after stroke.

Objectives

To identify how people with aphasia experience hope 1 year after stroke and how hope may change in the year after stroke.

Methods

The study used an Interpretive Description methodology. Interviews were conducted with four people with aphasia who had been interviewed 1 year previously. These were analysed using content analysis.

Results

All people reported a broad sense of hope for the future. They described an active process of recalibrating their early poststroke hopes through a process of reflecting on past progress, current function and what they considered might be possible and desirable in the future. People were able to develop ‘new’ hopes that were meaningful and seemingly achievable when they had a sense of a possible, desirable future. Those who struggled to see a possible future maintained a hope that things will be good. Social supports, a sense of progress, engagement in meaningful activities and interactions appeared crucial in helping people (re)develop hopes for their future.

Conclusions

Hope and hopes for the future gradually changed after stroke. Hope, identity and social connectedness were closely entwined and could enable people to both dwell in the present and move towards desired futures. This research suggests clinicians should prioritise creating hope‐fostering environments which support people to develop hope for their future.
The relationship between breastfeeding attitudes and perceived stress levels of Turkish mothers
Authors: Duran Songül , Kaynak Serap , Karadaş Ayşe
Published: September 2019

Aims

In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the relationships between breastfeeding attitude and perceived stress levels of Turkish mothers.

Methods

In this descriptive study, the Personal Information Form prepared by the researchers, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) were used to collect the study data. The present study included 788 mothers having 0‐6 month‐old infants. The data obtained were with the independent t‐test, one‐way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses.

Findings

The mean scores of the participants obtained from the PSS and IIFAS were 25.60 ± 7.3 and 61 ± 6.6, respectively. At the end of the correlation analysis, it was observed that breastfeeding attitude decreased as the perceived stress level increased in mothers.

Conclusions

The results of the research indicated that as the perceived stress levels of mothers in the postpartum period increased, their breastfeeding attitudes decreased. It is suggested that nurses should support women by providing education and counselling during pregnancy and postpartum period.
The effect of humour on nursing professionals’ psychological well‐being goes beyond the influence of empathy: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Navarro‐Carrillo Ginés , Torres‐Marín Jorge , Corbacho‐Lobato José Manuel , Carretero‐Dios Hugo
Published: September 2019

Background

Prior research has underlined the meaningful function of humour in nursing settings. Nonetheless, most of the empirical evidence on humour and nursing derives from approaches that mainly considered the potential beneficial effects of humour, neglecting potential detrimental effects of the dark side of humour. Moreover, little is known about whether the specific repercussions of humour on healthcare professionals’ well‐being would go beyond empathy—a construct robustly related to psychological well‐being.

Aims

To examine whether distinctive humour styles (affiliative, self‐enhancing, aggressive and self‐defeating) are differentially associated with the psychological well‐being of nursing professionals. Importantly, we also analysed whether these potential humour effects go over and above the influence of empathy‐related traits (perspective‐taking and personal distress).

Method

A cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 104 nursing professionals with a minimum work experience of one year was recruited.

Results

Our results revealed that a greater inclination to affiliative and self‐enhancing humour styles was strongly related to higher scores on happiness, sociability, hope and life satisfaction among nursing professionals. Concerning maladaptive humour styles, aggressive humour was related to low life satisfaction and high nursing stress. By contrast, self‐defeating humour—a theoretically detrimental humour style—was related to higher scores on health among these professionals. These effects emerged even after controlling for the influence of demographics (i.e., gender, age and years of experience), perspective‐taking and personal distress.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that adaptive humour styles may promote positive indicators of well‐being, but they might not protect against negative indicators. Moreover, differential effects of maladaptive humour styles emerged. Whereas aggressive humoristic expressions can be interpreted as a sign of a poor psychological functioning, self‐defeating humour may boost positive psychological outcomes among nursing professionals. These data can help to design more efficient humour‐based intervention programmes aimed at minimising potential negative consequences of nursing activity.
Self‐reported illness behaviour related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and rehabilitation: a theory‐guided qualitative study
Authors: Mathar Helle , Fastholm Pernille , Sandholm Larsen Niels
Published: September 2019

Illness behaviour effects the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but is scarcely described in literature. The aim of this study was to explore self‐reported illness behaviour of patients with COPD, who have declined nonpharmacological rehabilitation. The study has a qualitative design using semi‐structured interviews. The subsequent analysis is a theory‐guided mapping of actions reported by the patients in order to manage symptoms. These actions are understood and categorised according to the styles of coping described by Alonzo. Four categories of illness behaviour are identified: containment of symptoms, coping with symptoms through formal and informal interventions, adjustment of situations through compensating and economising interventions and crisis coping by surrendering. The analysis shows that behaviour that may seem unhelpful from a healthcare perspective may seem rational in the everyday life perspective of the patient. Findings show that reluctance to participation in rehabilitation should not only be interpreted as lack of motivation or health literacy. In the patients’ perspective, nonpharmacological interventions might be perceived as a threat that could tip the delicate balance of everyday life with severe COPD.