bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stock market layoffs in France
Authors: Snikersproge Ieva
Published: April 2023

A decade ago, the French press was full of references to “stock market layoffs.” The term, popularized by the French Left, was an attempt to name and contest layoffs undertaken not because a company had run into trouble, but because the layoffs would boost the company's value and thus deliver more robust profits to its shareholders. The term thus targeted a specific form of financialization that “externalizes” workers by destroying jobs on profitable production sites. As this article shows, the fate of the stock market layoff discourse reveals how the “real,” materially productive economy relates to financial markets. It shows, moreover, how time and anticipation structure the capitalist economy, and how they limit the possibilities of governing it. As long as capital occupies the private space of the market, which requires anticipatory decisions, neither law nor greater stakeholder control can circumscribe capital enough to outlaw premature, economically unjustified layoffs.
Waves, Floods, Currents: The Politics and Poetics of Water in Social Movement Analysis
Authors: Matthews Jamie
Published: April 2023

The task of conceptualising social movements draws on a wealth of watery images, from protest waves and political currents, to imagining mobilisations as tides, ripples, cascades or high‐pressure hydraulics. Called upon to analyse complex processes, these waters have a life of their own, carrying analytical implications while extending a relationship to water that is never only symbolic and is material, embodied and historical. This article explores the ways water is “enrolled” to understand movements, to advance three arguments: first, these use familiar water morphologies to naturalise particular, located understandings of political change and social form; second, they imply normative claims and ideological affinities regarding political struggle; third, this has implications for our relationship to water, echoing the abstract and alienating “modern water” of capitalist world‐ecology. The article considers how critical water knowledges and subjectivities, often sustained by social movement spaces, indicate possibilities of a being‐otherwise with water and its meanings.
Complication rate after gastrostomy placement in children can be reduced by simple surgical steps
Authors: Hössjer Therese , Göthberg Gunnar , Arnbjörnsson Einar , Rutqvist Jan , Perris Frans , Bartik Zsuzsa , Almström Markus , Backman Torbjörn , Danielson Johan
Published: April 2023

Aim

To evaluate if the incidence of postoperative complications after gastrostomy placement is correlated to perioperative parameters or patient characteristics.

Methods

In this prospective observational study, children <18 years of age planned to receive a gastrostomy at partaking clinics between 2014 and 2019 were invited. Pre‐, peri‐ and postoperative variables were collected and followed up 3 months postoperatively.

Results

Five hundred and eighty‐two patients were included (median age: 26 months, median weight: 10.8 kg), mainly laparoscopic (52.0%) and push‐PEG (30.2%) technique used. The incidence of complications was lower in the group of patients receiving a gastrostomy tube that was 2 mm longer than the gastrostomy canal (p < 0.001–0.025), and a thickness of 12 Fr (p < 0.001–0.009). These findings were confirmed by multivariate analysis also including operative technique, age and weight. Patients with oncological disease had significantly higher incidence of pain and infection but the lowest incidence of granulomas (p < 0.001–0.01).

Conclusion

This study indicates that a 12 Fr gastrostomy tube that is 2 mm longer than the gastrostomy canal is correlated with the lowest incidence of postoperative complications the first 3 months after surgery. Oncological patients had the lowest incidence of granulomas which probably is related to chemotherapy.
Different aspects of visual perception are important for 12‐year social functioning depending on gestational age
Authors: Johansson Martin , Kaul Ylva Fredriksson , Montgomery Cecilia , Larsson Eva , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Kochukhova Olga
Published: April 2023

Aim

Perceptual mechanisms in social functioning might promote interventions. We investigated relations between visual perception and social functioning, in preterm children.

Methods

A prospective preterm cohort born in Uppsala County, Sweden, in 2004–2007 and 49 full‐term controls were examined at 12 years. Aspects of visual perception, including static shapes, emotions and time to detect biological motion, were related to social functioning and visual acuity.

Results

The preterm group comprised 25 extremely preterm children, EPT, born below 28 gestational weeks and 53 children born between 28 and 31 weeks. Preterm children had difficulties in perception of static shapes (p = 0.004) and biological motion (p < 0.001), but not in emotion perception, compared to controls. In the EPT children, poorer shape perception and lower scores on emotion perception were associated with more social problems (p = 0.008) and lower visual acuity (p = 0.004). Shape perception explained more variance in social functioning than emotion perception. In controls, fewer social problems were linked to faster biological motion perception (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Static shape and biological motion perception was affected in the preterm groups. Biological motion perception was relevant for social functioning in full‐term children. In EPT children, only shape perception was linked to social functioning, suggesting differential visual perception mechanisms for social deficits.
Parents and healthcare professionals' attitudes to Kangaroo Care for preterm infants in the United Kingdom
Authors: Walker Saskia , Ojha Shalini , Mitchell Eleanor J.
Published: April 2023

Aim

To explore the attitudes of parents and healthcare professionals (HCPs), and facilitators and barrier to implementation of Kangaroo Care (KC) in the United Kingdom.

Methods

Online cross‐sectional survey; distributed via the British Association of Perinatal Medicine, Bliss (UK‐based charity), social media.

Results

Sixty HCPs responded. 37 (62%) were nurses/nurse practitioners. 57 (95%) regularly implement KC. The most important factor that supported KC implementation was the team's belief in benefits of KC. Increased workload, staff shortage and fear about safely of KC in unwell infants were recognised as the challenges preventing implementation.

Five hundred eighteen parents responded. 421 (81%) had a preterm baby within 3 years. 338 (80%) were familiar with KC. The main facilitator was the belief that their baby enjoyed it. Excess noise and crowding on the unit were the most frequently reported barriers. Lack of opportunity and limited staff support were the main reasons why they had been unable to practice KC.

Conclusion

We found that most HCPs and parents believe that KC is beneficial and would like to practice it. Lack of resources to enable effective implementation is the main barrier. Service development and implementation research is required to ensure that KC is delivered in all UK neonatal units.
Weight a minute: The smaller and more immature, the more predictable the autonomic regulation?
Authors: Stålhammar Alexander Mildalen , Honoré Antoine , Adolphson Katja , Forsberg David , Herlenius Eric , Jost Kerstin
Published: April 2023

Aim

To investigate the relation between autonomic regulation, measured using heart rate variability (HRV), body weight and degree of prematurity in infants. Further to assess utility to include body weight in a machine learning‐based sepsis prediction algorithm.

Methods

Longitudinal cohort study including 378 infants hospitalised in two neonatal intensive care units. Continuous vital sign data collection was performed prospectively from the time of NICU admission to discharge. Clinically relevant events were annotated retrospectively. HRV described using sample entropy of inter‐beat intervals and assessed for its correlation with body weight measurements and age. Weight values were then added to a machine learning‐based algorithm for neonatal sepsis detection.

Results

Sample entropy showed a positive correlation with increasing body weight and postconceptual age. Very low birth weight infants exhibited significantly lower HRV compared to infants with a birth weight >1500 g. This persisted when reaching similar weight and at the same postconceptual age. Adding body weight measures improved the algorithm's ability to predict sepsis in the overall population.

Conclusion

We revealed a positive correlation of HRV with increasing body weight and maturation in infants. Restricted HRV, proven helpful in detecting acute events such as neonatal sepsis, might reflect prolonged impaired development of autonomic control.
High adherence to Western dietary pattern and prostate cancer risk: findings from the EPIC‐Spain cohort
Authors: Castelló Adela , Rodríguez‐Barranco Miguel , Pérez‐Gómez Beatriz , Chirlaque Maria Dolores , Bonet Catalina , Amiano Pilar , Ardanaz Eva , Huerta José María , Zamora‐Ros Raúl , Quirós José Ramon , Barricarte‐Gurrea Aurelio , Pollán Marina , Sanchez María‐José
Published: April 2023

Objective

To explore the association between three previously identified dietary patterns (Western, Prudent and Mediterranean) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk by tumour aggressiveness.

Subjects and Methods

The Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study provided dietary and epidemiological information from 15 296 men recruited during the period 1992–1996. The associations between the adherence to the three dietary patterns and PCa risk (global, for Gleason grade groups 6 and >6, and for International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade 1 + 2 and ISUP grade 3 + 4 + 5) was explored with multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by centre and age.

Results

While no effect on PCa risk was detected for the Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns, a suggestion of a detrimental effect of the Western dietary pattern was found (hazard ratio [HR]Q4vsQ1 1.29 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.96;1.72]). This effect was only observed for Gleason grade group >6 (HRQ3vsQ1 1.61 [95% CI 1.00; 2.59] and HRQ4vsQ1 1.60 [95% CI 0.96; 2.67]) and in particular ISUP grade 3 + 4 + 5 tumours (HRQ2vsQ1 1.97 [95% CI 0.98; 3.93]; HRQ3vsQ1 2.72 (95% CI 1.35; 5.51); HRQ4vsQ1 2.29 [95% CI 1.07; 4.92]).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that a high adherence to a healthy diet such as that represented by the Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns is not enough to prevent prostate cancer. Additionally, reducing adherence to a Western‐type diet seems to be necessary.
Identification of novel class inhibitors of NSD3 methyltransferase showing a unique, bivalent binding mode in the SET domain
Authors: Kim Sumin , Hwang Injeoung , Kim Suhn Hyung , Chung Hwan Won , Ji Mi‐Jung , Moon Sojeong , Park Hyun‐Mee , Kong Gu , Hur Wooyoung
Published: April 2023

NSD3/WHSC1L1 lysine methyltransferase promotes the transcription of target genes through di‐ or tri‐methylation at histone H3K36 using SAM as a cofactor. Genetic alterations such as amplification and gain‐of‐function mutation of NSD3 act as oncogenic drivers in several cancers including squamous cell lung cancer and breast cancer. NSD3 is an important therapeutic target for cancers, but the reported NSD3 inhibitors targeting the catalytic SET domain are very rare and show a poor activity. Herein, from a virtual library screening and the subsequent medicinal chemistry optimization, we identified a novel class of NSD3 inhibitors. Our docking analysis and pulldown result suggested that the most potent analogue 13i shows a unique, bivalent binding mode interacting with both SAM‐binding site and BT3‐bindig site within the SET domain. We found 13i inhibits NSD3 activity with IC50 = 287 μM in vitro and suppresses the proliferation of JIMT1 breast cancer cells with GI50 = 36.5 μM, which express a high level of NSD3. Also, 13i downregulated the levels of H3K36me2/3 in a dose‐dependent manner. Our study could provide an insight in designing high‐affinity NSD3 inhibitors. Also, as the acrylamide group of 13i was predicted to position near Cys1265 in the BT3‐binding site, further optimization would lead to a discovery of novel irreversible NSD3 inhibitors.
Examining the relationship between autism spectrum disorder and neural tube defects
Authors: Hasler Margaret , Fideli Ülgen S. , Susi Apryl , Hisle‐Gorman Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

Folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies have been strongly associated with neural tube defects, preliminary research suggests folate and B12 deficiency may also be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined the association between neural tube defects and ASD as a further avenue to examine the hypothesis that ASD is related to maternal folate and B12 deficiency during pregnancy. A retrospective case–control study was performed using the Military Health System Data Repository. Cases and matched controls were followed from birth until at least 6 months after their first autism diagnosis. International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, codes were used to identify neural tube defects in the health records. A total of 8760 cases between the ages of 2 and 18 years were identified. The prevalence of any neural tube defect was 0.11% in children without ASD and 0.64% in children with ASD. Children with autism were over 6 times as likely to have a neural tube defect. The increased odds of neural tube defect in children diagnosed with ASD, found through our methodology, supports prior studies. Although additional studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between ASD and maternal folate and vitamin B12 deficiency during pregnancy this study supports their use during pregnancy.
Fungicide resistance and misinformation: A game theoretic approach
Authors: Pardini Chelsea A. , Espínola‐Arredondo Ana
Published: April 2023

Fungicide resistance is a serious problem for agriculture today. This analysis provides additional insight into the strategic behavior of farmers when their fungicide use generates a negative intertemporal production externality in the form of fungicide resistance. We find that when farmers encounter this type of externality, they choose fungicide levels that exacerbate fungicide resistance. We examine a compensation mechanism in which a farmer reduces fungicide use in exchange for a transfer. This mechanism reduces fungicide use; however, misinformation about the severity of fungicide resistance generates distortions. We find that one‐sided misinformation could lead a farmer to choose socially optimal fungicide levels, which makes the compensation mechanism less necessary. In addition, we show that when both farmers are misinformed, the mechanism could lead farmers to choose fungicide levels below the socially optimal level depending on their pessimistic beliefs about the severity of fungicide resistance.
Contact allergy investigations in healthcare workers with face mask‐related skin disease
Authors: Brynolf Andreas , Hauksson Inese , Bergendorff Ola , Svedman Cecilia , Hamnerius Nils
Published: April 2023

Background

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the use of face masks has increased among healthcare workers (HCWs). Questionnaire studies have shown a high frequency of self‐reported facial adverse skin reactions. Case reports have been published on face mask‐induced allergic contact dermatitis and urticaria.

Objectives

To describe the results of the contact allergy investigations in consecutive HCWs investigated for skin reactions to face masks during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the results of the chemical investigations of face masks supplied by the hospital.

Methods

Participants were patch tested with baseline series and chemicals previously reported in face masks not included in the baseline series. Face mask(s) brought by the HCW were tested as is and/or in acetone extract. Chemical analyses were performed on nine different face masks for potential allergens.

Results

Fifty‐eight HCWs were investigated. No contact allergies were found to the face mask(s) tested. Eczema was the most common type of skin reaction, followed by an acneiform reaction. Colophonium‐related substances were found in one respirator and 2,6‐di‐t‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol (BHT) were found in two respirators.

Conclusion

Based on this report, contact allergies to face masks is uncommon. Patch test with colophonium‐related substances and BHT should be considered when investigating adverse skin reactions to face masks.
Alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient nonlinearly impacts the 28‐day mortality of patients with sepsis: Secondary data mining based on the MIMIC‐IV database
Authors: Wang Ying , He Yan , Chen Lu , Liu Ying , Yuan Jia , Bi Hongying , Chen Qimin , Chen Xianjun , Shen Feng
Published: April 2023

Objective

Lung is often implicated in sepsis, resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient [D(A‐a)O2] reflects lung diffusing capacity, which is usually compromised in ARDS. But whether D(A‐a)O2 impacts the prognosis of patients with sepsis remains to be explored. Our study aims to investigate the association between D(A‐a)O2 and 28‐day mortality in patients with sepsis using a large sample, multicenter Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)‐IV database.

Methods

We extracted a data of 35 010 patients with sepsis from the retrospective cohort MIMIC‐IV database, by which the independent effects of D(A‐a)O2 on 28‐day death risk was investigated, with D(A‐a)O2 as being the exposure variable and 28‐day fatality being the outcome variable. Binary logistic regression and a two‐piecewise linear model were employed to explore the relationship between D(A‐a)O2 and the 28‐day death risk after confounding factors were optimized including demographic indicators, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, drug administration, and vital signs.

Results

A total of 18 933 patients were finally included in our analysis. The patients' average age was 66.67 ± 16.01 years, and the mortality at 28 days was 19.23% (3640/18933). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that each 10‐mmHg rise of D(A‐a)O2 was linked with a 3% increase in the probability of death at 28 days either in the unadjusted model or in adjustment for demographic variables (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.03). But, each 10 mmHg increase in D(A‐a)O2 was associated with a 3% increase of death (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.023 to 1.033) in the case of adjustment for all covariants. Through smoothed curve fitting and generalized summation models, we found that non‐linear relationship existed between D(A‐a)O2 and the death at 28‐day, which demonstrated that D(A‐a)O2 had no any impacts on the prognosis of patients with sepsis when D(A‐a)O2 was less than or equal to 300 mmHg, but once D(A‐a)O2 exceeded 300 mmHg, however, every 10 mmHg elevation of D(A‐a)O2 is accompanied by a 5% increase of the 28‐day death (OR: 1.05; 95% CI:1.04 to 1.05, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Our findings suggests that D(A‐a)O2 is a valuable indicator for the management of sepsis patient, and it is recommended that D(A‐a)O2 be maintained less than 300 mmHg as far as possible during sepsis process.
Immunoglobulin G4‐related periarteritis successfully diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle biopsy
Authors: Kawakami Yujiro , Hirobe Yosuke , Nakase Hiroshi
Published: April 2023

Watch a video of this article.
Vocabulary and automatic attention: The relation between novel words and gaze dynamics in noun generalization
Authors: Bakopoulou Milena , Lorenz Megan G. , Forbes Samuel H. , Tremlin Rachel , Bates Jessica , Samuelson Larissa K.
Published: April 2023

Words direct visual attention in infants, children, and adults, presumably by activating representations of referents that then direct attention to matching stimuli in the visual scene. Novel, unknown, words have also been shown to direct attention, likely via the activation of more general representations of naming events. To examine the critical issue of how novel words and visual attention interact to support word learning we coded frame‐by‐frame the gaze of 17‐ to 31‐month‐old children (n = 66, 38 females) while generalizing novel nouns. We replicate prior findings of more attention to shape when generalizing novel nouns, and a relation to vocabulary development. However, we also find that following a naming event, children who produce fewer nouns take longer to look at the objects they eventually select and make more transitions between objects before making a generalization decision. Children who produce more nouns look to the objects they eventually select more quickly following the naming event and make fewer looking transitions. We discuss these findings in the context of prior proposals regarding children's few‐shot category learning, and a developmental cascade of multiple perceptual, cognitive, and word‐learning processes that may operate in cases of both typical development and language delay.

Research Highlights

Examined how novel words guide visual attention by coding frame‐by‐frame where children look when asked to generalize novel names.

Gaze patterns differed with vocabulary size: children with smaller vocabularies attended to generalization targets more slowly and did more comparison than those with larger vocabularies.

Demonstrates a relationship between vocabulary size and attention to object properties during naming.

This work has implications for looking‐based tests of early cognition, and our understanding of children's few‐shot category learning.
Don't you see the possibilities? Young preschoolers may lack possibility concepts
Authors: Leahy Brian
Published: April 2023

Preschoolers struggle to solve problems when they have to consider what might and might not happen. Instead of planning for all open possibilities, they simulate one possibility and treat it as the fact of the matter. Why? Are scientists asking them to solve problems that outstrip their executive capacity? Or do children lack the logical concepts needed to take multiple conflicting possibilities into account? To address this question, task demands were eliminated from an existing measure of children's ability to think about mere possibilities. One hundred nineteen 2.5‐ to 4.9‐year‐olds were tested. Participants were highly motivated but could not solve the problem. Bayesian analysis revealed strong evidence that reducing task demands while holding reasoning demands constant did not change performance. Children's struggles with the task cannot be explained by these task demands. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that children struggle because they cannot deploy possibility concepts that allow them to mark representations as merely possible.

Research Highlights

Preschoolers are surprisingly irrational when faced with problems that ask them to consider what might and might not be the case.

These irrationalities could arise from deficits in children's logical reasoning capacities or from extraneous task demands. This paper describes three plausible task demands.

A new measure is introduced that preserves logical reasoning demands while eliminating all three extraneous task demands.

Eliminating these task demands does not change performance. These task demands are not likely a cause of children's irrational behavior.
A meta‐analysis to evaluate the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma caused by various etiologies among children and adolescents
Authors: Mohammadi Hady , Roochi Mehrnoush Momeni , Heidar Hosein , Garajei Ata , Dallband Mohsen , Sadeghi Masoud , Fatahian Reza , Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar
Published: April 2023

Aims

Children and adolescents who are affected by trauma may have complications that are more serious and dangerous. Herein, a meta‐analysis to evaluate the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma caused by various etiologies according to the geographic regions of the world among children and adolescents was conducted.

Materials and Methods

A comprehensive search was performed in four databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus from January 1, 2006 until July 7, 2021. To evaluate the quality of included articles, an adapted version of the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale was used. The prevalence of maxillofacial trauma was estimated by event rates and 95% confidence intervals in relation to etiology and geographic region of study population.

Results

Through search in the databases and the electronic sources, 3071 records were identified, and 58 studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. A total of 264,433 maxillofacial trauma cases were reported by all included studies. Globally, the overall prevalence of maxillofacial trauma was highest due to Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) (33.8%) followed by falls (20.7%), violence (9.9%), and sports (8.1%) in children/adolescents. The highest prevalence of maxillofacial trauma were observed in African population (48.3%) while trauma due to falls was most prevalent in Asian population (44.1%). Maxillofacial trauma due to violence (27.6%) and sports (13.3%) were highest in North Americans.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that RTC was the most prevalent etiology of maxillofacial trauma in the world. The prevalent causes of maxillofacial trauma differed between the regions of study population.
Time‐to‐event clinical trial designs: Existing evidence and remaining concerns
Authors: Kerr Wesley T. , Auvin Stéphane , Van der Geyten Serge , Kenney Christopher , Novak Gerald , Fountain Nathan B. , Grzeskowiak Caitlin , French Jacqueline A.
Published: April 2023

Well‐designed placebo‐controlled clinical trials are critical to the development of novel treatments for epilepsy, but their design has not changed for decades. Patients, clinicians, regulators, and innovators all have concerns that recruiting for trials is challenging, in part, due to the static design of maintaining participants for long periods on add‐on placebo when there are an increasing number of options for therapy. A traditional trial maintains participants on blinded treatment for a static period (e.g., 12 weeks of maintenance), during which participants on placebo have an elevated risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy compared to patients on an active treatment. Time‐to‐event trials observe participants on blinded treatment until a key event occurs (e.g., post‐randomization seizure count matches pre‐randomization monthly seizure count). In this article, we review the evidence for these designs based on re‐analysis of prior trials, one published trial that used a time‐to‐second seizure design, and experience from an ongoing blinded trial. We also discuss remaining concerns regarding time‐to‐event trials. We conclude that, despite potential limitations, time‐to‐event trials are a potential promising mechanism to make trials more patient friendly and reduce placebo exposure, which are urgent needs to improve safety and increase recruitment to trials.
Sexually harassed, assaulted, silenced, and now heard: Institutional betrayal and its affects
Authors: Duffy Sarah , O’Shea Michelle , Tang Liyaning Maggie
Published: April 2023

This work explores the processes of sexual violence and its consequences, within an organizational context through a detailed examination of a professional woman's experience. By centralizing Sofia's lived experiences, we demonstrate how acts of institutional betrayal occur when an organization protects a perpetrator and silences and further traumatizes a victim/survivor. Outwardly this organization purports to champion gender equality, but inwardly they reflect the values and misogynistic norms present in parts of the Australian culture. We lay bare the multiple ways inequity regimes intersect with the disadvantage experienced by Sofia as a junior employee, a migrant, and a woman. We detail and account for Sofia's story through a process of listening deeply and writing differently to illustrate how sexual harassment in the workplace is not confined to a victim/survivor‐perpetrator dichotomy but is embedded within organizational structures, policies, processes, and employees themselves. We explore how power relations silenced both victim/survivors and bystanders who spoke out and failed to disrupt the status quo or hold the organization to its purported gender equality values. We describe Sofia's battle for justice within this organization and provide a conceptual framework that highlights how reluctant acquiescence is shaped and how systematic silence and silencing of victim/survivors was maintained.
Axiomatic characterizations of the family of Weighted priority values
Authors: Béal Sylvain , Ferrières Sylvain , Navarro‐Ramos Adriana , Solal Philippe
Published: April 2023

We introduce a new family of values for TU‐games with a priority structure, which both contains the Priority value recently introduced by Béal et al. and the Weighted Shapley values (Kalai & Samet). Each value of this family is called a Weighted priority value and is constructed as follows. A strictly positive weight is associated with each agent and the agents are partially ordered according to a binary relation. An agent is a priority agent with respect to a coalition if it is maximal in this coalition with respect to the partial order. A Weighted priority value distributes the dividend of each coalition among the priority agents of this coalition in proportion to their weights. We provide an axiomatic characterization of the family of the Weighted Shapley values without the additivity axiom. To this end, we borrow the Priority agent out axiom from Béal et al., which is used to axiomatize the Priority value. We also reuse, in our domain, the principle of Superweak differential marginality introduced by Casajus to axiomatize the Positively weighted Shapley values. We add a new axiom of Independence of null agent position which indicates that the position of a null agent in the partial order does not affect the payoff of the other agents. Together with Efficiency, the above axioms characterize the Weighted Shapley values. We show that this axiomatic characterization holds on the subdomain where the partial order is structured by levels. This entails an alternative characterization of the Weighted Shapley values. Two alternative characterizations are obtained by replacing our principle of Superweak differential marginality by Additivity and invoking other axioms.
The effect of chitosan coatings enriched with garlic extract and coriander essential oil on the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet stored at 4 °C
Authors: Foromandi Maryam , Khani Mohammadreza
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chitosan coating enriched with garlic extract (GE) and coriander essential oil (CEO) on the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet. Treatments were prepared with chitosan coating (2%) containing GE and CEO (0.1% and 0.5%) both separately and in combination. The results showed that GE and CEO had significant effects on peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), total viable (TVC) and psychrotrophic (PTC) counts in fillet samples during storage. It was observed that an increase in the concentration of GE and CEO in the coatings would lead to a significant decrease in the amounts of PV, TVB‐N and TVC. The concentration of 0.5% CEO was more effective than GE on PV, TVB‐N and microbial counts. The treatment coated with chitosan containing 0.5%GE + 0.5%CEO had the lowest PV (5.56 mEq/kg), TBA (2 mg MDA/kg), TVB‐N (32.57 mg N2/100 g), TVC (7.12 log CFU/g) and PTC (5.22 log CFU/g) on the 12th day of storage. The results indicated that the chitosan coating enriched with 0.5%GE + 0.5%CEO can extend the shelf life of refrigerated trout fillets for 6–9 days compared to the control and chitosan alone samples.
Epigenomic regulation of macrophage polarization: Where do the nuclear receptors belong?
Authors: Czimmerer Zsolt , Nagy Laszlo
Published: April 2023

Our laboratory has a long‐standing research interest in understanding how lipid‐activated transcription factors, nuclear hormone receptors, contribute to dendritic cell and macrophage gene expression regulation, subtype specification, and responses to a changing extra and intracellular milieu. This journey in the last more than two decades took us from identifying target genes for various RXR heterodimers to systematically mapping nuclear receptor‐mediated pathways in dendritic cells to identifying hierarchies of transcription factors in alternative polarization in macrophages to broaden the role of nuclear receptors beyond strictly ligand‐regulated gene expression. We detail here the milestones of the road traveled and draw conclusions regarding the unexpectedly broad role of nuclear hormone receptors as epigenomic components of dendritic cell and macrophage gene regulation as we are getting ready for the next challenges.
Nurse educators' views of integrating culturally and linguistically diverse future registered nurses into healthcare settings: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Kamau Suleiman , Oikarainen Ashlee , Juntunen Milka‐Maaria , Koskenranta Miro , Kuivila Heli , Tomietto Marco , Mikkonen Kristina
Published: April 2023

Aim

To describe nurse educators' views of how culturally and linguistically diverse future registered nurses are integrated into healthcare settings.

Design

A qualitative descriptive design was adopted.

Participants

A total of 20 nurse educators were recruited from three higher education institutions in Finland.

Methods

Participants were recruited in the spring of 2021 through snowball sampling. Individual semi‐structured interviews were held and recorded. The collected data were analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results

The performed content analysis identified a total of 534 meaning units from the data, which were categorized into 343 open codes and 29 sub‐categories. Furthermore, nine categories were identified and categorized into three main categories. The first main category was pre‐graduation and represented a time point during which educators experienced early integration, nurse educator support and cooperation with stakeholders. The second main category was integration strategies into healthcare settings, which included workplace strategies, language competence and individual competencies and attributes. The third main category was the post‐graduation experience, during which educators reported organizational readiness, migration and efficacy of the integrational model.

Conclusions

The results revealed a need for increased resources linked to how nurse educators support the integration of culturally and linguistically diverse future registered nurses. Moreover, a nurse educator's presence during the last clinical placement, early transition and integration was found to exert a significant effect on the smooth integration of culturally and linguistically diverse future nurses.

Impact

This study establishes the need to enhance stakeholder cooperation between universities and other organizations towards supporting the integration process. Maximizing nurse educators' support during the final clinical practice, early transition and post‐graduation allows for successful integration and intention to stay.

Reporting Method

This study was reported according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).

Patient or Public Participation

Participating educators shared their experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse future nurses' integration.
Effects of Medicare eligibility and enrollment at age 65 among immigrants and US‐born residents
Authors: Park Sungchul , Ortega Alexander N. , Chen Jie , Bustamante Arturo Vargas
Published: April 2023

Background

Understanding the impacts of Medicare coverage among immigrants is of high policy importance, but there is currently limited evidence. In this study, we examined the effects of near universal access to Medicare coverage at age 65 years between immigrants and US‐born residents.

Methods

Using the 2007–2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we employed a regression discontinuity design, which exploits the eligibility for Medicare at age 65 years. Our outcomes were health insurance coverage, healthcare spending, access to and use of health care, and self‐reported health status.

Results

Medicare eligibility at age 65 led to significant increases in Medicare coverage among immigrants and US‐born residents (74.6 [95% CI: 71.6–77.5] and 81.6 [95% CI: 80.5–82.7] percentage points). Medicare enrollment at age 65 decreased total healthcare spending and out‐of‐pocket spending by $1579 (95% CI: −2092 to 1065) and $423 (95% CI: −544 to 303) for immigrants and $1186 (95% CI: −2359 to 13) and $450 (95% CI: −774 to 127) for US‐born residents. After Medicare enrollment at age 65, immigrants reported only limited improvements in overall access to and use of health care, but they reported significant increases in the use of high‐value care (11.5 [95% CI: 6.8–16.2], 8.3 [95% CI: 6.0–10.6], 8.4 [95% CI: 1.0–15.8], and 2.3 [95% CI: 0.9–3.7] percentage points increase for colorectal cancer screening, eye examination for diabetes, influenza vaccine, and cholesterol measurement) and improvements in self‐reported health (5.9 [95% CI: 0.9–10.8] and 4.8 [95% CI: 0.5–9.0] percentage points increase for good perceived physical and mental health). Medicare enrollment also increased prescription drug spending by $705 (95% CI: 292–1117), despite the unchanged use of prescription drugs. For US‐born residents, use of high‐value care, self‐reported health, and prescription drug use and spending did not change substantially after Medicare enrollment.

Conclusion

Medicare has the potential to improve care among older adult immigrants.
Changes to Birth Plans Due to COVID‐19: A Survey of Utah Midwives and Doulas
Authors: Ellis Jessica , Ward Katie , Garrett Kellie , Taylor Eliza , Clark Erin , Baksh Laurie , Simonsen Sara
Published: April 2023

Introduction

This study seeks to understand the experiences of Utah midwives and doulas caring for patients during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Specifically, the goal of the study was to describe the perceived impact on the community birth system and explore differences in the access and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) between in‐ and out‐of‐hospital births.

Methods

This study used a cross‐sectional, descriptive study design. A 26‐item survey developed by the research team was sent via email to Utah birth workers, including nurse‐midwives, community midwives, and doulas. Quantitative data were collected during December 2020 and January 2021. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis.

Results

Of the 409 birth workers who were sent a link to the survey, 120 (30%) responded: 38 (32%) CNMs, 30 (25%) direct‐entry or community midwives, and 52 (43%) doulas. The majority (79%) reported changes to clinical practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Community midwives (71%) who responded indicated practice volume increased. Survey participants reported an increased patient preference for home births (53%) and birth center births (43%). Among those with one or more patient transfers to the hospital, 61% experienced a change in the process. One participant reported that it took 43 minutes longer to transfer to the hospital. Community midwives and doulas reported poor access to a regular source of PPE.

Discussion

Survey participants reported changes to planned birth locations during the COVID‐19 pandemic. When necessary, transfers to hospitals were reported to be slower. Community midwives and doulas reported having insufficient access to PPE and reported limited knowledge about COVID‐19 testing resources and resources for educating patients on COVID‐19. This study adds an important perspective to the existing literature on COVID‐19 by indicating that policymakers should include community birth partners in community planning for natural disasters and future pandemics.
Behind the ‘creative destruction’ of human diets: An analysis of the structure and market dynamics of the ultra‐processed food manufacturing industry and implications for public health
Authors: Wood Benjamin , Williams Owain , Baker Phil , Sacks Gary
Published: April 2023

A global transition towards diets increasingly dominated by ultra‐processed foods (UPFs) has occurred in recent decades to the detriment of public health and the environment. This study aimed to examine long‐term trends in the structure and market dynamics of the global UPF manufacturing industry as part of broader efforts to understand the drivers of this transition. Using diverse methods, metrics and data sources, we examined several dimensions (e.g., industry concentration and profitability) according to an adapted structure–conduct–performance model. We found that the global UPF manufacturing industry has evolved to become a major component of global food systems, with its longstanding dominant corporations becoming some of the system's largest accumulators of profit and distributors of capital. It follows that reversing the global UPF dietary transition will require structural and regulatory changes to ensure that population diets, and food systems more broadly, are not subordinated to the interests of powerful for‐profit business corporations.
Patient engagement in perioperative settings: A mixed method systematic review
Authors: Cooper Zahra , Cleary Sonja , Stelmach Wanda , Zheng Zhen
Published: April 2023

Background

Patient engagement has emerged as a key focus in the research literature to facilitate patients' recovery. The term is commonly used by researchers, yet without working definitions. This lack of clarity is further complicated by the interchangeable use of a few terms.

Objectives

This systematic review aimed at identifying how patient engagement was conceptualised and operationalised in perioperative settings.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched for publications in English discussing patient engagement during the perioperative phase. Three reviewers conducted study selection and methodological assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute mixed methods review framework. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data and descriptive analysis for quantitative data.

Findings

Twenty‐nine studies were included with a total sample of 6289. Study types included qualitative (n = 14) and quantitative (n = 15) with different types of surgery. Sample sizes ranged from n = 7 to n = 1315. Only 38% (n = 11) of included studies offered an explicit definition. Four themes associated with operationalisation included provision of information, which was most studied theme, communication, decision‐making and action‐taking behaviours. All four themes were interconnected and co‐dependent on each other.

Conclusions

Patient engagement in perioperative settings is a complex and multifaceted concept. The conceptual void in the literature calls for more theoretically informed and comprehensive approaches to researching surgical patient engagement. Future research should aim to better understand the factors that influence patient engagement, as well as the impact of different forms of engagement on patient outcomes through the whole surgical journey of a patient.
The Role of Organizational Structure in Senior Managers' Selective Information Processing
Authors: Junge Sebastian , Luger Johannes , Mammen Jan
Published: April 2023

CEOs' perceptions of the environment and the information processing shortcuts (or heuristics) they use to develop these perceptions are important to organizations. We study whether organizational structure, an important channel and filter for the flow of information in organizations, affects CEOs' perception gaps pertaining to the competitive environment. Perception gaps are defined as systematic deviations of subjective perceptions of the competitive environment from conceptions based on objective data. Studying 281 CEOs based in 216 firms, we find that functional structures are associated with wider environmental perception gaps, whereas divisional structures are associated with narrower gaps. To address endogeneity concerns, we control for firms' exposure to varied environments and only sample newly appointed CEOs, who, by definition, inherit predefined organizational structures exogenous to their own choices. Our study advances understanding of senior managers' information processing shortcuts by clarifying how organizational‐level influences (i.e., organizational structure) affect CEOs' (mis)perceptions of the competitive environment.
Protective masks during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: Any relationship with temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain?
Authors: d'Apuzzo Fabrizia , Rotolo Rossana Patricia , Nucci Ludovica , Simeon Vittorio , Minervini Giuseppe , Grassia Vincenzo
Published: April 2023

Background

Wearing protective face masks has been one of the indispensable measures to prevent droplets and aerosol particles transmission during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.

Objectives

This observational cross‐sectional survey investigated the different types and modalities of protective mask wearing and the possible association with referred signs of temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain by respondents.

Methods

An online questionnaire was developed, calibrated and administered anonymously to subjects with an age of ≥18 years. It consisted of different sections: demographics, type and wearing modalities of the protective masks, pain in the preauricular area, noise at the temporomandibular joints and headache. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software STATA.

Results

The questionnaire received 665 replies mainly from participants aged between 18 and 30 years (315 males and 350 females). The healthcare professionals were 37% of participants, 21.2% of them were dentists. The Filtering Facepiece 2 or 3 (FFP2/FFP3) mask was used by 334 subjects (50.3%), and 578 (87%) wore the mask with two elastics behind the ears. Pain while wearing the mask was referred by 400 participants, and 36.8% of them referred pain with a consecutive use of more than 4 h (p = .042). 92.2% of participants did not report any preauricular noise. Headache associated with the FFP2/FFP3 was referred by 57.7% of subjects (p = .033).

Conclusion

This survey highlighted the increased referred the presence of discomfort in the preauricular area and headache possibly associated with a prolonged use of protective face masks for more than 4 h during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.
Role of open innovation and patents on strategic decision making
Authors: Patra Soumya P.
Published: April 2023

The fourth industrial revolution, as it is popularly known, is transforming the overall ecosystem of business and is swiftly affecting the structure of organizations with respect to their working strategy. It is leading to enhanced collaboration and cross‐application of center‐specific fundamentals across various industries. As a result, collaboration and cross‐licensing of technologies have become the norm rather than an exception. Open innovation, therefore, plays a critical role in various horizontal applications of industry‐specific concepts. As a result, choices such as “keep or sell” or “make or buy” research and development (R&D) supplies have become extremely critical and significant. Therefore, patent‐based research is required as an enabling tool for assisting research on an open innovation‐based approach. This article projects an in‐depth review of the research articles related to various aspects of open innovation and patents and their overall impact on firm performance. This article also suggests an open innovation model that cumulates the role of patents and institutional participation with a focus on firm performance. The impact of open innovation on firm performance is evaluated with respect to variables on market positioning, R&D capacity building with respect to technology lifecycle, the impact of intellectual property, for instance, the existence of valid patents and know‐how, and the process of acquisition of technologies by such organizations.