bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison between Fentanyl, Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine for Awake Fiberoptic Intubation
Authors: Aggarwal Ayush , Singh Ashutosh , Khandelwal Hariom , Dutt Bhaskar
Published: December 2024

Background: Currently Awake fibreoptic intubation- (AFOI) is the gold standard for the management of patients with an anticipated difficult airway. Various medications have been used to perform intubation during AFOI. The ideal drug for AFOI must provide comfort, cooperation, amnesia and hemodynamic stability along with maintenance of spontaneous respiration. The study aimed to compare fentanyl, clonidine and dexmedetomidine in providing favourable intubating conditions along with hemodynamic stability during AFOI.
Methods: This prospective and randomized trial was carried out in 90 patients who were scheduled for elective surgery and required awake fibreoptic intubation. The patients were randomly divided into three different groups; Group A: Received Injection Dexmedetomidine-1ug/kg over 10 minutes; Group B: Received Injection Clonidine-2ug/kg over 10 minutes; and Group C: Received Injection Fentanyl- 2ug/kg over 10 minutes. Cough score, post-intubation score, Ramsay sedation score (RSS) and the changes in hemodynamic, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intubation condition and the results were then compared among the groups.
Results: Demographic variables such as gender, age, weight and American Society of Anaesthesiologists-Physical Status ASA-PS (I/II) were comparable among the three groups and not statistically significant. The cough score and the post intubation score were lower in Group A. RSS was noted to be higher in Group A and there was a lower incidence of desaturation. Hemodynamic parameters were also favourable in Group A.
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine was found to be more effective than clonidine and fentanyl in those undergoing awake fibreoptic intubation. There were fewer adverse effects such as coughing, discomfort, oxygen desaturation, and intolerance to intubation.
Evaluation of Sleep Disturbances Prevalence in a Period of 6 Months after Recovery Post Covid-19 Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with Pulmonary Involvement of more than 20%
Authors: Afrakoti Nima Mohamadi , Hefzollesan Aylin , Talebi Kahdouei Mohammadsadegh , Marashi Seyyed Mojtaba , Rabi Samaneh Hajy Mola , Aghaei Fatemeh
Published: December 2024

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 in late 2019 swiftly led to a global pandemic, prompting urgent investigation into its multifaceted impacts. While prior studies have highlighted compromised sleep quality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, this research delves into the enduring effects on sleep patterns for those with severe pulmonary involvement post-intensive care. This study addresses a critical gap in understanding the long-term consequences of the virus, emphasizing the importance of post-recovery care.
Methods: Conducted as a cross-sectional study, we consecutively enrolled COVID-19 patients with over 20% pulmonary involvement admitted to the ICU at Shariati Hospital, Tehran, between June 2021 and January 2022. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from hospital records. After ethics committee approval, participants were contacted six months post-discharge to assess sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Exclusions comprised obstructive sleep apnea patients and those with incomplete records.
Results: Of the 60 eligible post-COVID-19 patients, 56 participated. Three individuals were unresponsive to calls, while one declined. Participants, primarily female (64.3%), had a mean age of 51.7 years. Notably, 80.4% exhibited sleep disorders six months post-discharge. Gender differences were observed, with females reporting higher scores in specific sleep quality components. Intriguingly, single individuals demonstrated a higher preference for sleep medication. These findings underscore the imperative for targeted interventions to improve post-ICU sleep quality in severe COVID-19 cases.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of sleep disorders six months post-discharge underscores the enduring impact of COVID-19 on sleep quality. These findings call for targeted interventions and comprehensive post-ICU care protocols that prioritize sleep health.
The Effect of Hemoperfusion on Bleeding after CABG in Patients on Preoperative Plavix: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jahangirifard Alireza , Zadeh Mandana Hossein , Mirtajani Seyed Bashir , Taraei Hamid Jamali , Salari Farzad , Mandegar Mohammad Hossein
Published: December 2024

Background: Bleeding management during and after urgent heart surgery is always challenging in patients who are taken anticoagulants especially antiplatelet ones. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of intraoperative hemoperfusion in the active removal of Plavix in patients undergoing on-pump CABG surgery.
Methods: The present study recruited patients on Plavix who underwent urgent CABG surgery. All patients have discontinued consuming Plavix less than 36 hours before surgery. During cardiopulmonary bypass, hemoperfusion set was added to the circuit and the surgery was done according to the standard open heart surgery protocols. The patients were transferred to the intensive care unit at the end of surgery and amount of bleeding was recorded in the ICU sheet hourly and calculated after 24 hours.
Results: In our study, the average age of participating patients was 73,625 years. 5 patients out of 8 (62.5%) were male and 3 (37.5%) were female. Hypertension and blood type O were the most prevalent among the patients. The average amount of bleeding was 425 in the first day after surgery and the average units of transfused blood for patients was 0.125, which is acceptable and less than the values reported in other studies that do not use the hemoperfusion.
Conclusion: The use of hemoperfusion during urgent CABG surgery, can reduce the postoperative bleeding and blood products consumption in patients on preoperative Plavix.
Comparison Between Oral and Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Razavi Majid , Alipour Mohammad , Mashhadi Leila , Gilani Mehryar Taghavi
Published: December 2024

Background: The goal of this study is to assess oral and intravenous administration of tranexamic acid's (TXA) on intra-operative bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery and to compare with control group.
Methods: Forty-eight patients who were scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery were chosen and randomly assigned to three groups. In first group 20mg/kg intravenous tranexamic acid, in second group 1000 mg 4 times daily for 48 hours and in third group 10 ml of normal saline were administered. The quality of the surgical field was estimated every 15 minutes by Boezaart scale. Volume of bleeding, pre and postoperative hematocrit, surgeon’s satisfaction by likert scale and duration of the surgical procedure were evaluated. Data was analyzed by SPSS v21 and P<0.05 was significant.
Results: Demographic parameters were not different among three groups. The surgical field quality at 15th minute was grade I-II in 25, 68.75 and 75 percent of the patients in the control, intravenous and oral groups, respectively. And also, no patients in the intervention groups and 42% of the patients in the control group were in grade IV. At 15 minute following surgery, there was a significant difference between the tranexamic groups and the control group (P = 0.002). at 30th minute 25, 50 and 56% of the patients in the control intravenous and oral groups, respectively were in grade I-II and difference was significant (P = 0.003). But at 45th minutes quality of surgical field was not different significantly (P = 0.163). The intraoperative average bleeding was 95.46, 94.32 and 190.64 ml for intravenous, oral and control patients that difference was significant (P = 0.001). The satisfaction of the surgeon was higher in the intravenous and oral TXA groups than the control group (P = 0.012). In comparison to the control group, the tranexamic group's surgical time were considerably lower (P 0.001). Hematocrits and drug side effects did not differ significantly among groups.
Conclusion: Systemic tranexamic acid (intravenous or oral) during endoscopic sinus surgery enhances surgical field quality, decreases intra-operative hemorrhage, and shortens operation duration.
Successful Awake Fiberoptic Intubation and Ultrasound Guided Epidural Placement in Anaesthesia Management of a Case of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Mehta Sumedha , Saundattikar Girish , Patil Heena M , Jeure Sachin , Mohan Anjali
Published: December 2024

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune spondyloarthropathy involving spine and sacroiliac joints resulting in characteristic bamboo spine (fused and rigid spine). A 41yr old male patient with Ankylosing spondylitis with history of Left THR presented with periprosthetic fracture posted for ORIF with plating. He had a classical bamboo spine with cervical involvement, MPC- 3 and restricted neck mobility. Preoperative Ultrasound scan (USG) of lumbar region done to identify spinal spaces. Awake Fiberoptic Nasal intubation done to secure difficult airway and induction done with Propofol and Vecuronium. Epidural catheter inserted at L1-L2 space using paramedian approach under USG under General Anesthesia in lateral position and Epidural analgesia given with 1% Ropivacaine. Extubation was done uneventfully with Sugammadex 2mg/kg used as reversal at end of surgery. Anaesthetic challenges in AS were both difficult airway and difficult regional anesthesia which was successfully managed with detailed evaluation and planning with USG
A Scoping Review of Cloud Computing Solutions in Enhanced Dialysis Information Exchange
Authors: Ehteshami Asghar , Esmailzadeh Maedeh , Rezaei Abolfazl
Published: December 2024

Background: Dialysis, a critical treatment for kidney failure, faces challenges related to patient safety, treatment efficiency, and overall care quality. Despite advancements in technology, improved information exchange is essential to overcome limitations of traditional sharing methods, which often lack accessibility and security. Cloud computing offers a promising solution with its scalability and efficiency, potentially revolutionizing dialysis information exchange and leading to improved patient outcomes and enhanced healthcare delivery.
Methods: This scoping review aimed to synthesize research on cloud computing solutions for improving dialysis information exchange by conducting a systematic search across five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and ProQuest) using relevant keywords. The review included observational studies published from 2010 to the present, and employed a rigorous selection process to ensure the studies were pertinent to dialysis care while excluding irrelevant articles.
Results: Six key areas where cloud computing can enhance dialysis information exchange were identified: telemedicine, cloud computing infrastructure, clinical information systems, information management, standards and models, and associated challenges. It emphasizes the potential of cloud-based solutions to improve patient care through remote monitoring, data analytics, and improved communication among healthcare providers.
Conclusions: Cloud computing solutions present a promising opportunity to enhance dialysis information exchange by improving security, transparency, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. This review highlights the potential of cloud-based platforms to streamline data management, facilitate communication, and enhance patient care. However, realizing these benefits requires addressing challenges such as data security, establishing unified standards, and ensuring interoperability. By integrating advanced technologies like blockchain, attribute-based encryption, and federated learning, and prioritizing research on data privacy concerns, the advantages of cloud computing in dialysis care and improve patient outcomes. Can be further unlocked.
Economic Impact of Government Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran: A Systematic Review and Content Analysis
Authors: Latifi Ali Mohammad , Shokouh Sayyed Morteza Hosseini , Mohammadzadeh Milad , Husseini Saeed
Published: December 2024

Background: Iran is one of the hardest hit countries by COVID-19 and has witnessed a high incidence and prevalence of mortality and morbidity cases. This study generally aims to highlight the main economic aspects of government responses to the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran.
Methods: In order to benefit from a comprehensive tool to evaluate direct and indirect costs of approvals, a preliminary systematic review was conducted.  Qualitative content analysis and simplified method of activity-based costing (ABC) were used in order to calculate the aggregate cost of a given set of activities. The direct and indirect costs of approvals based on the aggregated costs of categorized activities were analyzed. All costs were converted into US dollars using the monthly mean exchange rate.
Results: Totally, 164 publications were included in the systematic review. Designed tool was approved by expert opinions (met CVI>0.79 and CVR≥0.6) and seven aspects of economic consequences of COVID-19 interventions were assessed. The overall tangible and calculable costs were estimated about 25,755,700,000 US$. Direct support and compensation for losses of industries and companies accounted for the largest costs (41%) related to COVID-19 interventions (10,587,000,000 US$).
Conclusion: Establishing economic security for industries, rapid and simultaneous measures of prevention, treatment and vaccination, and increasing household income can significantly reduce the costs of controlling similar diseases in the future.
As ideias de justiça e de justiça distributiva, segundo Rui Barbosa
Authors: Trotta Wellington
Published: December 2024

Para alcançar o fim a que me propus, dividi este artigo nos seguintes tópicos, a saber: Introdução; 1. A concepção de justiça, segundo Rui Barbosa; 2. O sentido de justo distributivo em Rui; 3. O sentido de justo distributivo político, para Rui; 4. Justo distributivo econômico em Rui. Firmando o conceito de Considerações Finais, de resenha a espaço reflexivo sobre minhas pesquisas, elaborei esse pequeno espaço que me deu liberdade para pensar.
Estimating urban growth on Mersin, Tarsus and Adana corridor in Türki̇ye by using Cellular Automata and Markov Chain
Authors: Yildiz Gorentas Selin , Sargin Sevil
Published: December 2024

In many developing countries, urban growth is often unplanned and haphazard, leading to significant threats to the sustainable use of urban land. This study predicts future urban expansion patterns in the Mersin, Tarsus and Adana corridor in Türkiye using Cellular Automata and Markov Chain models. Analysing Landsat satellite images from 1989 to 2019, we simulated land use changes for 2019, 2031, and 2049. The results indicate a projected increase in urban areas from 3.8% in 2019 to 7.4% by 2049, with significant expansion onto fertile agricultural areas. This unregulated growth highlights the urgent need for a well-planned governance approach that balances economic, social, and environmental factors to ensure resilient and sustainable urban development.
A Comprehensive Study on the Renal Protective Effects of Polyherbal Extract Formulation and Their Impact on Kidney Function in Rats
Authors: Ammari Aiman A. , Alhimaidi Ahmed R. , Amran Ramzi. A. , Aljawdah Hossam M. , Murshed Mutee , Aldahmash Badr A. , Rady Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Background: The nephroprotective effects of herbal extracts have increasingly gained attention due to the rise in kidney diseases and the limitations of conventional treatments. This study explores the renal protective properties of a polyherbal extract formulation composed of Ziziphus spina-christi, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Nigella sativa (ZTN) in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Three groups of adult male and female Wistar albino rats consisting of the control group that received only water, another group was administered with 100 mg/kg of the polyherbal (ZTN herbal) formulation, while the last group was administered with 250 mg/kg of the ZTN polyherbal extract formulation. The treatments administered for 14 days and thereafter Kidney weight, uric acid, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were assessed to assess renal function. Histological analysis was conducted for tissue integrity evaluation. Result: The polyherbal extract formulation of ZTN induced a dose-dependent increase in kidney weight in both male and female rats. Uric acid levels decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, with the most substantial reduction at 250 mg/kg. BUN levels also showed a notable decrease, particularly at the higher dose, indicating enhanced renal function. Creatinine levels exhibited a significant dose-dependent reduction, with female rats showing higher baseline levels but greater overall reductions. Histological analysis revealed mild histological changes at 100 mg/mL and severe changes at 250 mg/mL. Histological changes include glomerular hypertrophy and tubular necrosis, more pronounced at higher doses. The polyherbal extract formulation of ZTN demonstrated significant nephroprotective effects, reducing uric acid, BUN and creatinine levels in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, an observation of gender-based differences occur in female rats showing higher baseline levels but greater reductions with treatment. These findings support the potential therapeutic use of polyherbal extracts in managing renal health, emphasizing the importance of dose regulation to avoid adverse effects.
Evaluation on the Influence of Cropping Systems and Nutrient Management Practices in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Growth, Crop Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility Status
Authors: Iraiyanban A. Ajay Arockia , Manuel R. Isaac , Augustine R. , Shiny A. Visuvasa Anto
Published: December 2024

Background: At the present situations, sole croppingand generalized fertilization recommendations could not produce advantageous results for neither profitable crop production nor for a sustainable environment. Therefore, the study focuses on evaluating the response of pearl millet to various cropping systems and different nutrient management techniques for enhancing crop productivity and sustaining soil fertility. Methods: The field trial took place at the instructional farm of Karunya Institute of Technology and Science in the Coimbatore district of western Tamil Nadu, India. The trial spanned over two growing seasons and followed a factorial randomized block design, with 2 factors: cropping systems and nutrient management, replicated three times. The design resulted in a total of 12 treatment combinations, comprising 3 levels of cropping system viz., sole cropping of pearl millet, pearl millet with black gram and cowpea intercropping systems; and 4 levels of nutrient management comprising different doses of fertilizer levels in combination with biofertilizers such as Azospirillum and PSB and foliar sprays of 2% Urea and 3% Panchagavya. Result: The experimental findings indicated that intercropping treatment, Pearl millet + Black gram at a 1:1 ratio, exhibited superior results in enhancing plant growth, improving the crop nutrient uptakeand enriching soil fertility. In the case of nutrient management treatments, application of 75% of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria + foliar application of 2% urea at 15 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT) resulted in producing higher plant height, enhanced dry matter production, efficient crop nutrient uptake, improved soil fertility status for sustainable agriculture.
Impact of Carbon Dioxide Levels on Biochemical Parameters Associated with Stem Rot Disease in Groundnut
Authors: Vamshi J. , Devi G. Uma , Sudini Hari Kishan , Gireesha D. , Priya K. Karthika Vishnu , Maheswari T. Uma , Supriya K.
Published: December 2024

Background: Sclerotium rolfsii is a widespread soil-borne fungal pathogen recognized for causing disease in a wide variety of agricultural and horticultural crops globally. Despite the economic losses attributed to this pathogen, there are limited reports concerning the biochemical alterations in groundnut in response to increased carbon dioxide levels and pathogen interactions. Methods: A pot culture experiment was carried out at ICRISAT during the rabi season 2022-23 in Open Top Chambers (OTC) to assess the biochemical responses of groundnut to climate change and pathogen interactions. The study was carried out at three different carbon dioxide levels (400 ppm, 550 ppm and 700 ppm) using the susceptible groundnut cultivar TMV 2 and the moderately resistant cultivar ICGV-14082. Result: The levels of total phenols, oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, catalase, peroxidases, polyphenol oxidase, and chlorophyll content index were elevated in groundnut plants infected with stem rot due to increased carbon dioxide levels. The biochemical activity was high at its peak in inoculated plants on 4th and 6th day post-inoculation of the pathogen and gradually declined on 8th and 10th days.
The Influence of the Depression Zone of Forest Shelterbelts on the Productivity and Profitability of Winter Wheat
Authors: Vedeneeva V.A. , Koshelev A.V. , Potashkina Yu.N. , Shatrovskaya M.O.
Published: December 2024

Background: The article presents the results of a study which is characterizing the impact of a forest shelterbelt on the productivity and profitability of winter wheat of the dry steppe zone of Volgograd region (Russia). The relevance of the problem was due to the fact that most of the agriculture is used to be concentrated in the steppe and forest-steppe natural zones. It is known that these territories were used to be forest reclamation facilities in the form of a network of protective forest belts. Also it touched the research aimed n need to evaluate the efficiency of winter wheat production within depression zones. The hypothesis means that the soil and climatic conditions of dry steppe regions, were utilizing these depression zone for arable land which significantly reduced the productivity and profitability of winter wheat cultivation. Methods: The work presents the biological productivity which was taken into account by using the method of meter-long plots in triplicationand a soil moisture was determined by the thermostat-weight method and grain quality was determined by using an infrared analyzer “InfraLUM FT-12”. The territory was visualized by using an unmanned aerial vehicle and chemical analyzes of soil samples were performed in the soil analysis laboratory of the FSC of Agroecology RAS by using generally accepted methods in soil science. Result: The research determined that depression zones arise in the steppe and dry steppe zones on the territory of agroforest landscapes near protective forest plantations. The areas of these zones occupy 4-8% of the total arable land area. Observations have shown that soil moisture in the depression zone in the meter-long layer is lower than in the inter-strip space. At the same time, the lack of mineral nutrition elements leads to a significant decrease in biometric indicators and the quality of winter wheat grown.
Physiological Characterization of Pigeon Pea Genotypes [Cajanus cajan (L) Mill sp.] for Water Logging Tolerance
Authors: Tiwari T.N. , Dutta D. , Tewari Kalpana , Laxmi Vijay
Published: December 2024

Background: Water- logging stress is one of the important abiotic stress in pigeon pea crop especially in low lying areas in pigeon pea growing states. Being a rainy season crop, pigeon pea is invariably exposed to intermittent water-logging conditions for different durations from germination to early vegetative growth stages, which damage the crop partially and sometime eliminate the entire crop depending on intensity and duration of water stagnation. The present experiment was conducted to study the morphological characters and yield performance of water logging tolerant and susceptible pigeon pea genotypes so that large number of pigeon pea genotypes for water logging tolerance based on morphological and Physiological parameters standardized might be screened. Methods: As per approved technical programme, the experiment was conducted with 30 pigeon pea genotypes including checks, these were IPAC-79, ICPL-7035, ICPL-20241, ICPL-87051, ICPL-87091, ICP-2376, ICP-5028, ICPL-149, MA-3, MA-6, NDA-1, IPA-15F, Bahar, IPA-203, IPAC-211, IPAC-202, RCM/DD-17, WB-2019/25, WB-2019/26, WB-2019/27, IPAC-212, IPAWL-22-1, IPAWL-22.2, IPAWL-22-3, IPAWL-22-4, IPAWL- 22-5, IPAWL-22-6, IPAWL-22-7, IPAWL -22-8, IPAWL -22-9. Water logging stress was imposed for 24 h-48h-72h having minimum depth of water 12 inches at 30 DAS with 03 replications and a set of all these genotypes were also sown under normal control condition. Morphological Scoring (0-3) at the end of water logging stress was done. and at harvesting yield attributes and yields were recorded. Result: Morphological Scoring (0-3) at the end of water logging stress showed highest score (0) in genotypes including IPAC-79 (Check for Tolerant) followed by ICPL-87091, ICP-2376, ICPL-20241, IPAC-212, IPAWL-22-7 and IPAWL-22-8 and may be considered as water logging tolerant. Pigeon pea genotypes like ICP-5028, MA-6 and IPAC-202 showed the score of (01) and may be considered as moderately tolerant to water logging stress. Pigeon pea genotypes namely MA-3, NDA-1, IPA-15F, Bahar, IPAC-211, IPA-203, IPAWL-22-6 and IPAWL-22-9 showed moderate score (02) and may be considered as moderately susceptible. The lowest score (03) was recorded in ICPL-87051, ICP-149, RCM/DD-17, WB-2019/25, WB-2019/26, WB-2019/27, IPAWL-22-1, IPAWL-22-2, IPAWL-22-3, IPAWL-22-4 and IPAWL-22-5 and these were at par with ICPL-7035 (Check for susceptibility) and considered susceptible to water logging stress. Development of adventitious roots was observed under water logged condition only and it was recorded highest in genotypes which are water logging tolerant group. In susceptible genotypes no/negligible adventitious roots were found. In yield attributes and yield the reduction % due to water logging stress over normal control was minimum in tolerant/moderately tolerant genotypes whereas, it was found maximum in Susceptible/moderately susceptible group of genotypes.
INEFICIÊNCIA NA COMPRA DE PASSAGENS AÉREAS PELO GOVERNO FEDERAL NO BRASIL: DIMENSIONAMENTO, CARACTERÍSTICAS E EVOLUÇÃO
Authors: De Oliveira Santos Glauber Eduardo , Caresia Gilsimara
Published: December 2024

As viagens representam uma despesa substancial para o Governo Federal do Brasil. Em 2023, R$ 803 milhões foram gastos com a aquisição de passagens aéreas para as viagens de funcionários e outras pessoas ligadas ao governo. Apesar de suas dimensões, o sistema público de compras de passagens aéreas é ineficiente, levando o governo a pagar preços acima do mercado. O presente artigo objetiva analisar a diferença entre o preço de mercado das passagens aéreas e o preço pago pelo Governo Federal do Brasil no período entre 2014 e 2023. Os gastos do Governo Federal com passagens aéreas foram analisados a partir dos microdados das viagens a serviço disponíveis no Portal da Transparência. Os preços de mercado das passagens aéreas foram estimados a partir dos microdados da Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC). No período analisado, o Governo Federal realizou a compra de 3,5 milhões de passagens aéreas. Em cada assento, em média, o governo pagou R$ 347 acima do preço de aquisição de passagens no mercado. O adicional médio de preço ao longo dos 10 anos analisados foi de 76%, chegando a 98% no período da pandemia de covid-19. Órgãos que adquirem um maior volume de assentos tendem a conseguir melhores preços. Uma correlação positiva também existe entre o preço adicional e o número total de assentos adquiridos em cada trecho origem-destino.
REALITAS PENGALAMAN PEREMPUAN KORBAN KEKERASAN OBSTETRIK DI ASIA, AFRIKA, DAN EROPA: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR
Authors: Zahidah Alifiah Nur , Poerwandari Elizabeth Kristi
Published: December 2024

Tinjauan literatur ini membahas fenomena kekerasan obstetrik atau obstetric violence, yang melibatkan perlakuan tidak hormat, pengabaian, pelecehan, dan kekerasan terhadap perempuan selama kehamilan, persalinan, dan pasca persalinan. Kekerasan obstetrik diidentifikasi sebagai bentuk kekerasan berbasis gender yang unik karena merupakan kekerasan struktural, terwujud dalam norma-norma sistemik di fasilitas kesehatan. Dalam tinjauan literatur ini, saya mengklasifikasikan kekerasan obstetrik ke dalam empat kategori, antara lain: kekerasan fisik, pelecehan dan diskriminasi, pelayanan tanpa persetujuan dan privasi, serta pengabaian dan penahanan. Tinjauan literatur ini mencangkup studi-studi tentang gambaran nyata pengalaman perempuan korban kekerasan obstetrik dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir yang dihimpun dari berbagai negara di setiap benua Asia, Afrika, dan Eropa.
Àgó: A Feminine Purification Rite in Ọ̀ .wo ̣̀ ,. Oǹdó State, South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Arowosegbe Deborah Bamidele
Published: December 2024

In Yorùbá land, raising a child is the continuation of giving birth to the child; a large part of the child's early training is the mother's direct responsibility. Every woman wants her child to prosper to make the father and the entire family proud. A woman does anything she can to see that she achieves this role. This study, therefore, describes the performance of Àgó; a feminine purification rite in Ọ̀wọ̀ , Oǹdó State, South-West Nigeria to depict how Ọ̀wọ̀ women use the rite to save the lives of their children and make them prosper in life. The paper adopts womanist theory (the totality of feminine self-expression, self- retrieval and self-assertion in positive cultural ways) and sociology of literature (an attempt to understand the interrelationship between literature and society) for the work. Findings show that mothers who give birth to children with the same sex three consecutive times perform Àgó. The confinement given to mothers alone emanates from the societal notion that it has assigned that role to women. In this specific cultural setting, women seem to play a role in caring for their children's lives through the performance of the rite, in which, sometimes also the other parent is present. Furthermore, the Àgó rite appears as a collective event, in which the entire community is involved.
The use of the Xultun Lunar Table in the Lunar Series at Yaxchilan
Authors: Iwaniszewski Stanislaw
Published: December 2024

As is known, Yaxuun B’ahlam IV [1], also known as Bird Jaguar IV, acceded to the throne of Yaxchilan on 9.16.1.0.0 11 Ajaw 8 Sek (April 29, 752). This date marks the end of the first tun after k’atun ending at 9.16.0.0.0 [2]. This critical date is recorded on at least six monuments at Yaxchilán [3]. Interestingly, Stela 11 displays twice this accession date on the base panel and a lateral side. Curiously, the date of accession is followed by two different Lunar Series. The glyphic text carved on the lateral sides of Stela 11 indicates the lunar month of 30 days, whereas the text on the base panel bears 29 days (see Table 1). Teeple first described this peculiarity [4] as “double dates,” ascribing those differences to the mechanism of correlating the recorded lunar month with the observed Moon. In other words, both lunar data may indicate that around 9.16.1.0.0 the Maya proceeded with intercalation.

In this paper I am applying the Lunar Table from Xultun as a lunar correction table to show that the Maya scribes could have used this mechanism to record the lunar motion during the 8th century CE at Yaxchilan.
Layouts of Tula: Landscape and Orientation
Authors: Rodríguez Malpica Héctor Patiño
Published: December 2024

The study of the layouts of urban nucleus of Tula Grande implied the internal coherence that corresponds with a “spatial structure”. This essay presents some factors that I consider important when located, oriented, and sizing the monumental zone of this ancient city. It is necessary evaluate whether this conception was applied considering the interaction between the effect of latitude and the various longitudes, seek to cosmography like a form of knowledge that I can attribute to Mesoamerican Antiquity. In particular abstracted the spatial structure when complete the record of the 5 indicated dates, detecting the zenithal-nadiral axes, and delimited by the norm of maximums of solstices. With these dates of the temporal equinoctial axes and those of the 52-day time interval obtain the angular difference of 15° east of north. We verified that this game of temporal intervals of 27 and 32 days that was characteristic of the place was what finally allowed to this urban nucleus of Tula Grande to acquire its final shape and real dimension.
From the Base to the Top: Walking through the Ritual Circuit of the Foldscape in Malpasito, Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: de la Vega Hans Martz
Published: December 2024

Malpasito is a site that belonged to the macro area called Mesoamerica. It is believed that the Zoques occupied it during the Late Classic period, between 650 and 900 AD. However, this ethnic group moved from the XVII century to the lands that the Mayans occupy today. So that, it has been useful to make ethnographic analogies from the worldview, especially the one that deals with the relationship between the mountain and the essence of the soul of the heart of the Tzeltals. The general layout of Malpasito is based on a northeast-southwest guiding axis defined between the civic-ceremonial architecture, the top of the settlement and one of the hills to the south. This means that the site was dedicated to a worship related to the sacred mountain to which it is aligned. The arrangement of the site can be related to a ritual circuit from which the solstice and ideal dates such as the quarter days of the year are observed, both used to establish a 364-day computing year. The calendrical-astronomical/mantic families of significant day intervals for their calendrical and mantic are also present in the circuit and are part of the 364-day cycle. Through the currents of Christopher Tilley’s phenomenology of landscape, Felipe Criado Boado’s post-structuralism, Tim Ingold’s social theory and Pedro Pitarch Ramón’s ethnology, it was possible to propose that Malpasito has the configuration of a foldscape and, this, in turn, is part of a meshworkscape, generalized for Mesoamerica, in a relationship between a factor and its operator, between the general and the particular.
The role of governments in driving sustainability standards: governance structures and green finance
Authors:   University of Lincoln, Manning Louise , Kowalska Aleksandra ,   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
Published: December 2024

Agri-food supply chains have been linked to a number of negative environmental and social externalities, including environmental pollution, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and labour abuses and there are growing societal demands that such negative impacts should be addressed. This chapter considers the role of supranational policy, and regional and national policy in driving sustainability standards with regards to some of these issues and how they influence the strategies employed within individual organisations and across agri-food supply chains. The chapter also reviews developments in forms of hybrid governance and uses the example of the role of green finance to show how agri-food supply chain strategies are being reshaped.
The role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in improving safety, quality and sustainability standards in agri-food supply chains
Authors:   LEAF (Linking Environment and Farming), Pampin Pilar , Mike Clare ,   LEAF (Linking Environment and Farming)
Published: December 2024

The agri-food sector can be seen as one of the drivers of climate change-related problems whilst also being greatly affected by it. Sustainability standards have a role in promoting and supporting the uptake of sustainability practices, promoting agroecological farming and reducing the negative impact on the environment. Given the non-profit independent nature of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), they are in a key position for improving and enhancing the uptake of sustainability practices and standards. This chapter explores the role of NGOs in improving sustainability standards in the agri-food supply chain. The main roles identified are collaboration, lobbying, accountability and credibility, providing subject matter expertise, facilitating knowledge exchange, setting standards, providing incentives and communicating to a range of stakeholders. Case studies from Linking Environment and Farming (LEAF) are used to showcase how each role can be implemented. The chapter also identifies and discusses key challenges.
Carbon farming, regenerative agriculture, and environmental sustainability: practices and standards
Authors:   University of Lincoln, Manning Louise , Nayak Rounaq ,   Harper Adams University
Published: December 2024

The carbon cycle has always been a crucial element of agri-food production. However, the rise in atmospheric CO2 from around 280 parts per million (ppm) in 1780 pre-industrial revolution to 424 ppm in 2023 has led to focus both on how farming has contributed to this imbalance and, in particular, how it can contribute to halting and then reversing this trend. This chapter reviews ‘carbon farming’ which incorporates both practices for sequestering atmospheric carbon and/or for reducing the production of greenhouse gases at farm level. It reviews practices, measurement issues and options for carbon trading. These are set in the context of wider developments such as regenerative agriculture as well as other initiatives to improve environmental stability in farming.
Measuring and modelling on-farm greenhouse gas emissions : the basis for achieving climate-neutral farming
Authors:   University of Aberdeen, Kuhnert Matthias , Abdalla Mohamed ,   University of Aberdeen, Vetter Sylvia H. ,   University of Aberdeen, Kashyap Durba ,   INRA
Published: December 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions on the farm have different sources: livestock, soils, plants on crop- and grasslands, and fuel and energy consumption. For livestock, methane emissions are most relevant, whereas on crop- and grasslands, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide show the most impact. There are a range of options to measure these emissions, but the different methods mainly focus on one source or a small section of the farm. This chapter explores these different methods. The authors begin by exploring chamber and eddy covariance measurements for crop- and grasslands before describing the range of emissions sources from livestock. They then compare how models and tools are cheaper and easier to apply, but the quality of the results is not comparable to direct measurements, and how these methods could contribute to net zero.
On some features of the implementation of individual rights and freedoms in the digital space
Authors: Belyanskaya Olga V. , Chomaev Albert A.
Published: December 2024

It is important to study the forms and procedures for implementing individual rights both in direct form and through law enforcement, taking into account modern needs and technologies that are changing the methods and means of their implementation. Analysis of the features of the implementation of individual rights in the digital space is of not only theoretical, but also practical interest, since the issue of the implementation of human rights is central to the general theory of law and industrial sciences. The study used scientific publications, regulatory legal acts, doctrinal documents of the President of the Russian Federation, as well as materials from Internet portals of public authorities. General philosophical theoretical methods of cognition and the formal legal method are used. The rights and freedoms implementation forms of the individual using digital technologies are based on the general mechanism of implementation of legal norms and include direct and law enforcement forms. The direct form is characteristic of private law relations. In the direct implementation forms of individual rights using digital technologies, digital literacy of the individual and the culture of behavior in the digital space become a necessary condition. The law enforcement form, taking into account the introduction of information technologies into the work of government bodies, has been significantly transformed and is most clearly manifested through the activities of providing public services to the population, in particular the Federal State Information System “Unified Portal of State and Municipal Services (Functions)”, State Automated System “Justice”, State Automated System “Elections”. These digital platforms make it possible to simplify the process of implementing public rights for citizens. A new approach to the problem of implementing the individual rights and freedoms is to determine the specifics of the main forms of implementation and the conditions under which they occur in the digital space. The author’s vision is presented regarding the possible development of legislation regulating the use of digital means. It is stated that the opinion regarding the need to limit the digital space as a platform for the implementation of human rights is archaic and this is primarily due to the desire of the individual to independently determine the framework for the implementation of his rights.
Contemporary issues of private housing stock in Russia and abroad
Authors: Bulgakov Vladimir V. , Bulgakova Daria V.
Published: December 2024

Throughout human history, the problem of providing the population with affordable housing has been and remains one of the most pressing. Different countries around the world have used different approaches to solving it, depending on socio-economic conditions and level of development. In the context of globalization and the transition to a post-industrial economy, traditional methods of solving the housing problem have ceased to be effective. In many countries, the problem of housing affordability for young families, migrants and other socially vulnerable groups has become more acute. In Russia, the problem of affordable housing has become especially acute in the post-Soviet period. As a result of the transition to a market economy, real estate prices rose sharply, and the solvency of the population decreased. As a result, an analysis is carried out between the housing policy of Russia and foreign countries, and it is concluded that at the present stage there are gaps in the housing legislation of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify current problems of the housing stock in Russia and in foreign countries, and also to propose solutions to the problems that have arisen, taking into account the role of the state in the housing policy of their country. Based on the purpose of the study, we formulate the following tasks: analyze the role of states in providing affordable housing to private individuals; explore the right to housing enshrined in international legal instruments; analyze the level of housing affordability in Russia and abroad; identify ways to solve housing problems.
Intellectual property of educational organizations in the context of digitalization: problems of regulation and law enforcement
Authors: Zolotova Valeriya B.
Published: December 2024

The development of digital technologies has predetermined a new vector in the formation of intellectual property of educational organizations, which entailed the need to establish a balance, which, on the one hand, should ensure the effective achievement of the goals set by the legislator in terms of the effectiveness of educa-tional services provision and, on the other hand, ensure the economic stability of their existence. The novelty of the problem is directly expressed in the frameworkof the digital space formation, which determines the processes of gradually occurring commercialization of education and the growing need to protect the intellectual activity results. The purpose of the study is to identify and establish the characteristic features of intellectual property in educational organizations in the context of digitalization, as well as to determine the foundations of legislative regulation of the public relations in question and the enforcement of relevant norms. The methodological basis of the study is formed by general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, comparison) in combination with special methods of a legal nature (formal legal and comparative legal methods, method of law interpretation). The results of the work consist in the established aspects that determine the progressive introduction and development of technological capabilities in educational activities, including increasing the level of openness of educational materials through their placement in accessible online and educational resources, as well as the need to improve legislative norms in terms of commercialization and protection of intellectual rights.
Jurisdiction issues of disputes to arbitration proceedings. The legislation analysis of the Central Asian States (the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic)
Authors: Gavrilenko Vladimir A.
Published: December 2024

The jurisdiction issues over arbitration of disputes between business entities and other economic legal rela-tions are analyzed. The regulation of determining the competence of specific permanent arbitration institutions for the specific disputes settlement has been studied. The publication continues the research cycle on the legal regulation of the disputes arbitrability in various States and legal systems. The current legislation and arbitration practice of the former USSR states located in Central Asia are considered. The study begins with the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic. The legal system of these countries was formed under the influence of Soviet and Russian law, as well as the legal traditions of the People’s Republic of China and the European Union. The neighboring countries located in Central Asia are characterized by a generally formed market economy, but with different levels of its development. The commercial arbitration institute, as a means of non-governmental settlement of economic disputes, successfully operates in these states, since it is in demand within the framework of modern economics and entrepreneurial activity.
The effectiveness of economic justice and its evaluation criteria
Authors: Kochetkov Alexander V.
Published: December 2024

The study of problems related to the implementation of economic justice in the Russian Federation makes it possible to assess its effectiveness, to identify the advantages of the levers of justice over legislative instruments for regulating economic processes. It is noted that the purpose of the creation of arbitration courts is to provide judicial protection in the economic sphere. The advantages and disadvantages of the modern judicial system in the economic aspect are analyzed. It is established that the most important criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of justice, including in the economic sphere, are the quality of the administration of justice and compliance with procedural deadlines. The factors that influence their compliance are analyzed. It is concluded that the dominant criterion for evaluating effectiveness is the quality of the administration of justice, determined by the number of cancellations of judicial acts, and compliance with procedural deadlines. The analysis of the indicator of the number of canceled and amended judicial acts seems objective, since the appealed judicial acts are evaluated in reasoned decisions of higher courts. These courts are interregional, which is considered an additional guarantee of their independence.