bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Low-cost solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security for 145 countries”’ by J. Goudriaan, Energy & Environmental Science, 2023, 16, DOI: 10.1039/D2EE03680K
Authors: Jacobson Mark Z. , von Krauland Anna-Katharina , Coughlin Stephen J. , Dukas Emily , Nelson Alexander J.H. , Palmer Frances C. , Rasmussen Kylie R.
Published: February 2023

The claims by Goudriaan about Jacobson et al., while welcome are either erroneous, unproven, or irrelevant thus have no effect on the conclusions of Jacobson et al.
Dose–response meta-analysis of ultra-processed food with the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: evidence from prospective cohort studies
Authors: Yuan Lijun , Hu Huifang , Li Tianze , Zhang Jinli , Feng Yifei , Yang Xingjin , Li Yang , Wu Yuying , Li Xi , Huang Hao , Hu Fulan , Chen Chuanqi , Zhang Ming , Zhao Yang , Hu Dongsheng
Published: February 2023

Each additional daily serving of UPF is associated with a 4% higher risk of CVEs and a 2% higher risk of total death. For maintaining good health, one should consume less UPF and more unprocessed or minimally processed food.
Aqueous extract of Sanghuangporus baumii induces autophagy to inhibit cervical carcinoma growth
Authors: Wu Di , Yuan Xuemei , Zhou Ruijie , Chen Wanchao , Li Wen , Li Zhengpeng , Li Xueyin , Zhu Rui , Wang Hualin , Yang Yan
Published: February 2023

Sanghuangporus baumii, an edible fungus rich in heteropolysaccharides, has been found to have some anti-cervical cancer effects.
Boosting the sensitivity with time-gated luminescence thermometry using a nanosized molecular cluster aggregate
Authors: Gálico Diogo Alves , Murugesu Muralee
Published: February 2023

Time-gated luminescence thermometry is a promising avenue for high-sensitivity background-free temperature probing.
Novel aggregation-induced emission-photosensitizers with built-in capability of mitochondria targeting and glutathione depletion for efficient photodynamic therapy
Authors: Sauraj  , Kang Ji Hee , Lee OHyun , Ko Young Tag
Published: February 2023

Owing to its non-invasive feature and excellent therapeutic effect, photodynamic therapy has received considerable interest in cancer therapy.
Regulating the coordination geometry of polyhedra in zero-dimensional metal halides for tunable emission
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Liao Jin-Feng , Xing Guichuan
Published: February 2023

The introduction of Zn2+and Mn2+to (Bmpip)2[PbBr4] effectively alters the polyhedral configuration from a PbBr42−tetrahedron to a Pb3Br115−trimer. As a result, the self-trapped exciton emission properties are significantly enhanced.
Conjugated structures based on quinazolinones and their application in fluorescent labeling
Authors: Zhu Ming-Sen , Zhang Gang , Xu Yu-Jie , Sun Ru , Ge Jian-Feng
Published: February 2023

Four probes containing quinoxalinone were designed and synthesized for self-targeting different organelles in HeLa cells.
Thermal site energy fluctuations in photosystem I: new insights from MD/QM/MM calculations
Authors: Reiter Sebastian , Kiss Ferdinand L. , Hauer Jürgen , de Vivie-Riedle Regina
Published: February 2023

Site energies and excitonic couplings in cyanobacterial photosystem I are calculated at the DFT/MRCI level of theory, including a fully atomistic model of the natural environment and considering the molecular dynamics of the system.
On pyridine chloronium cations
Authors: Pröhm Patrick , Berg Willi , Rupf Susanne Margot , Müller Carsten , Riedel Sebastian
Published: February 2023

The lutidine elephants are pulling apart a dichlorine molecule and stabilizing the corresponding chloronium cation. The remaining chloride forms a trichloride anion. Unsubstituted pyridine, however, only forms a strongly polarized dichlorine adduct.
Hydrogen sorption on microporous carbon/sulfur nanocomposite systems
Authors: Brewster Charles D. , Terry Lui R. , Doan Huan V. , Rochat Sebastien , Ting Valeska P.
Published: February 2023

Nanocomposites of sulfur encapsulated in single-walled carbon nanotubes show increased hydrogen density in pores through enhanced electrostatic potential.
Bimetallic core–shell nanoparticle arrays at liquid–liquid interface for the degradation and monitoring of dye pollutants in situ by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Wei Yujiao , Guo Jinhu , Wang Liming , Qu Cheng , Geng Yuchuang , He Shengnan , Su Mengke , Liu Honglin
Published: February 2023

Bimetallic core–shell nanoparticle arrays at liquid–liquid interface for the degradation and monitoring of dye pollutants in situ by SERS.
Correction: Membrane technologies in toilet urine treatment for toilet urine resource utilization: a review
Authors: Yu Chengzhi , Yin Wenjun , Yu Zhenjiang , Chen Jiabin , Huang Rui , Zhou Xuefei
Published: February 2023

Correction for ‘Membrane technologies in toilet urine treatment for toilet urine resource utilization: a review’ by Chengzhi Yu et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 35525–35535, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA05816A.
Correction: Increased photocorrosion resistance of ZnO foams via transition metal doping
Authors: Warren Zachary , Wenk Jannis , Mattia Davide
Published: February 2023

Correction for ‘Increased photocorrosion resistance of ZnO foams via transition metal doping’ by Zachary Warren et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 2438–2450, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA06730G.
Correction: Synthesis of vinyl-substituted alcohols using acetylene as a C2 building block
Authors: Lin Zhicong , Liu Boxiang , Wang Yu , Li Siju , Zhu Shifa
Published: February 2023

Correction for ‘Synthesis of vinyl-substituted alcohols using acetylene as a C2 building block’ by Zhicong Lin et al., Chem. Sci., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2sc06400f.
Wideband bandpass filters with suppressed harmonics using vertically installed planar structures
Authors: Liu Lei , Chen Kun , Wang Zheng‐Bin , Zhang Ye‐Rong
Published: February 2023

This article presents a closed‐form synthesis method for wideband bandpass filters with suppressed harmonics, where stepped‐impedance resonators (SIRs), scaled lines, and vertically installed planar (VIP) structures are introduced to improve the in‐band and out‐of‐band performances. By combining SIRs and scaled lines, the rejection level of the filter is greatly improved and a more compact size is achieved. And the VIP structures help to bring wide passband as well as suppressed harmonics. Then, a 3rd‐order filter is designed to verify the validity of the proposed method and topology. The simulated and measured results demonstrate that the proposed design has a wide passband (FBW = 52.9%), low insertion loss (<0.4 dB), and suppressed harmonics with the level of 20 dB up to 7.1f0.
Degree of stochastic asymmetry in the tidal tails of star clusters
Authors: Pflamm-Altenburg J. , Kroupa P. , Thies I. , Jerabkova T. , Beccari G. , Prusti T. , Boffin H. M. J.
Published: February 2023

Context. Tidal tails of star clusters are commonly understood to be populated symmetrically. Recently, the analysis of Gaia data revealed large asymmetries between the leading and trailing tidal tail arms of the four open star clusters Hyades, Praesepe, Coma Berenices, and NGC 752.

Aims. As the evaporation of stars from star clusters into the tidal tails is a stochastic process, the degree of stochastic asymmetry is quantified in this work.

Methods. For each star cluster, 1000 configurations of test particles were integrated in the combined potential of a Plummer sphere and the Galactic tidal field over the lifetime of the particular star cluster. For each of the four star clusters, the distribution function of the stochastic asymmetry was determined and compared with the observed asymmetry.

Results. The probabilities for a stochastic origin of the observed asymmetry of the four star clusters are ≈1.7σ for Praesepe, ≈2.4σ for Coma Berenices, ≈6.7σ for Hyades, and ≈1.6σ for NGC 752.

Conclusions. In the case of Praesepe, Coma Berenices, and NGC 752, the observed asymmetry can be interpreted as a stochastic evaporation event. However, for the formation of the asymmetric tidal tails of the Hyades, additional dynamical processes beyond a pure statistical evaporation effect are required.
Le système neurosécréteur caudal, l’autre système « neurohypophysaire » des poissons
Authors: Tostivint Hervé , Girardot Fabrice , Parmentier Caroline , Pézeron Guillaume
Published: February 2023

Le système neurosécréteur caudal (SNSC) est un complexe neuroendocrinien propre aux poissons. Sur le plan structural, il présente de nombreuses similitudes avec le complexe hypothalamo-neurohypophysaire d’autres vertébrés. Il s’en distingue toutefois par sa position, à l’extrémité caudale de la moelle épinière, et par la nature des hormones qu’il sécrète, les plus importantes étant les urotensines. Le SNSC a été décrit pour la première fois il y a plus de 60 ans, mais son origine embryologique est totalement inconnue et son rôle reste mal compris. Paradoxalement, il n’est presque plus étudié aujourd’hui. Les développements récents en imagerie et en génie génétique pourraient justifier la reprise d’investigations sur le SNSC afin de lever les mystères qui continuent de l’entourer.
Évaluation de l’immunotoxicité en recherche et dans le cadre du développement biomédical
Authors: Nguyen Cathy , Jordheim Lars Petter
Published: February 2023

L’immunotoxicologie est l’étude des effets toxiques de toute substance sur le système immunitaire et ses fonctions. Dans les différents domaines d’application, cette science est cadrée par divers textes réglementaires et lignes directrices. Les études sont basées sur des techniques in vitro, ex vivo et in vivo et sont observationnelles ou fonctionnelles, permettant respectivement de démontrer un effet et de décrire les mécanismes en jeu. Dans cette revue, nous présentons les différents tests à effectuer dans le domaine biomédical, avec une attention particulière au test d’évaluation de la réponse thymo-dépendante (TDAR). Nous discutons également brièvement des évolutions à suivre dans ce domaine cherchant entre autres une approche plus éthique comme la limitation de l’utilisation des animaux de laboratoire. Ces évolutions sont notamment représentées par le développement de modèles cellulaires pertinents.
L’hypophyse dévoilée : du couplage stimulation-sécrétion aux réseaux cellulaires câblant la glande
Authors: Mollard Patrice
Published: February 2023

L’année 2021 s’est terminée par un événement de grande tristesse : le décès d’Andrée Tixier-Vidal. Elle fut non seulement une pionnière en biologie cellulaire mais également la promotrice charismatique de fédérations collaboratives multidisciplinaires particulièrement stimulantes et fructueuses. Cette note en retrace les succès en termes de découvertes à la fois sur le couplage stimulation-sécrétion des cellules endocrines de l’hypophyse et sur l’organisation de ces cellules hypophysaires en réseaux 3D multicellulaires à l’origine des sécrétions pulsées des hormones hypophysaires qui contrôlent des fonctions de base de l’organisme comme la croissance corporelle et la reproduction.
Des einen Freud, des anderen Leid
Authors: Hertlein Margit
Published: February 2023

Tägliche Routinen oder lieber ständig wechselnde Herausforderungen: Was den einen langweilt, empfindet der andere als befriedigend. Und das ist gut so, wenn die Aufgaben im Team denn entsprechend verteilt sind! Hier einige Anregungen für den Alltag.
Knochenentwicklung im Kindesalter
Authors: Blömker Frank
Published: February 2023

Die Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen setzt Kenntnisse des wachsenden
Skeletts voraus. Unterschiede zum reifen Knochen liegen beispielsweise in dem
Vorhandensein von Wachstumsfugen und dem dickeren Aufbau des Periosts.
Lauterbachs Revolution
Authors: Lukuc Sarah
Published: February 2023

Viele Kliniken sind aktuell überlastet. Die Regierungskommission zur Krankenhausversorgung hat nun erste Vorschläge vorgestellt, um das zu ändern. Gesundheitsminister Lauterbach spricht von einer „Revolution im System“.
Measures of Pregnancy Intention: Why Use Them and What Do They Tell Us?
Authors: Dorney Edwina , Barrett Geraldine , Hall Jennifer , Black Kirsten I.
Published: February 2023

Understanding pregnancy intention is an important public health measure that captures the ability of individuals to access information, resources, and services needed to plan the timing and spacing of pregnancies. Pregnancy intention is a complex construct impacted by social, emotional, financial, cultural, and contextual factors. In this review, we will examine the range of available tools for individuals and populations to evaluate pregnancy intention, the timing of the tools in relation to pregnancy, their interpretation, and use for policy and practice. Traditionally, pregnancy intention was only assessed in population health surveys; however, more sophisticated tools and measures have been developed. These tools can be used at several time points: before pregnancy, during pregnancy, or after the pregnancy has ended. It is important to appreciate the varied contexts globally for women and their partners when assessing pregnancy intention, and the ability of a given tool to capture this when used retrospectively or prospectively. These tools can inform targeted delivery of services for a person or couple before, during, and after pregnancy. This knowledge can inform strategies at an individual, community, and population level as an indicator of access to sexual and reproductive health information and knowledge and uptake of preconception health.
Brain-like computing systems show neural functions in a single chip
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: February 2023

Artificial intelligence takes a step forward in reconfigurable, 2D ferroelectric devices.
A two-degree-of-freedom aeroelastic energy harvesting system with coupled vortex-induced-vibration and wake galloping mechanisms
Authors: Chen Shun , Wang Chun H. , Zhao Liya
Published: February 2023

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and wake galloping are two aeroelastic instability phenomena with similar underlying mechanisms related to vortex shedding. Inspired by this common feature, a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) piezoelectric aeroelastic energy harvester (PAEH) is proposed, which employs VIV and wake galloping mechanisms with their respective benefits to improve the wind energy harvesting performance in a wide wind speed range. The proposed 2DOF PAEH overcomes the limitations of conventional one-degree-of-freedom VIV and wake galloping energy harvesters, with the former being only effective in a single and narrow lock-in wind speed range and the latter failing to work at low wind speeds. The modal frequencies of the 2DOF PAEHs are easily manipulated, and the twin mechanisms improve power generation over two lock-in regions at low wind speeds by the VIV mechanism and a third power generation region at relatively higher wind speeds due to wake galloping. A coupled aero-electro-mechanical model is developed and verified by wind tunnel experiments on a prototype. The results show that the proposed harvester efficiently extracts wind energy in a wide wind speed range from 1.1 to 6 m/s. The influence of the distance between the two parallel bluff bodies, in which distance is a critical parameter, on the voltage output is experimentally investigated, revealing three distinct aerodynamic behaviors at different distances.
Measuring 3D pyroelectric distributions with high resolution in thin films by a laser scanning microscope
Authors: Smykalla D. , Ploss B. , Meyer D. C. , Stelter M. , Engel S.
Published: February 2023

A laser scanning microscope for measuring 3D pyroelectric distributions inside thin vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer films using the Laser Intensity Modulation Method was developed. The setup consists of a laser unit, a laser driver, an xyz-stepper motor unit, a transimpedance amplifier, and a lock-in amplifier. The focus lens at the laser unit is fixed by magnetic levitation and can correct a defocusing of the system or a tilt of the sample surface. It has been demonstrated in different samples that the system has a lateral resolution of 1 μm for measuring the topological surface structure or the pyroelectric distributions. The self-developed laser driver and transimpedance amplifier combined with a fast lock-in amplifier are able to measure small pyroelectric currents and their variation inside a pyroelectric sample in the range of some 1 pA. The maximum measure frequency of 4 MHz and the fast lock-in make it possible to measure the 3D pyroelectric distributions with high resolution. A 3D scan of 30 different layers with depths of 100 nm–5 μm inside the sample and 100 × 100 points in the xy-direction per layer is performed in 3 days.
Controlling ferroelectric properties in Y-doped HfO2 thin films by precise introduction of oxygen vacancies
Authors: Dmitriyeva Anna V. , Zarubin Sergei S. , Konashuk Aleksei S. , Kasatikov Sergey A. , Popov Victor V. , Zenkevich Andrei V.
Published: February 2023

Thin-film ferroelectric doped hafnia has emerged as a promising candidate for non-volatile computer memory devices due to its CMOS compatibility. The ferroelectricity in thin-film HfO2 is defined by the polar orthorhombic phase, whose stabilization depends on various parameters, such as doping species, stress, thickness, crystallization annealing temperature, etc. The concentration of oxygen vacancies is yet another parameter affecting the stabilization of the ferroelectric phase in HfO2 thin films. Here, we report on the effect of oxygen vacancies introduced in Y-doped HfO2 (HYO) films during reactive pulsed laser deposition on their ferroelectric properties, which we systematically study by correlating structural and electrical properties. Among different techniques, near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure analysis is successfully employed to distinguish between structurally similar ferroelectric orthorhombic and paraelectric tetragonal phases. It is shown that oxygen vacancies introduced at a certain concentration in HYO films can be used as a tool to control the phase composition as well as to decrease the formation energy (crystallization temperature) of the ferroelectric phase. Based on these results, we demonstrate a back-end-of-line compatible ferroelectric HYO capacitor device with competitive functional properties.
Theory of photoemission from cathodes with disordered surfaces
Authors: Saha Pallavi , Chubenko Oksana , Kevin Nangoi J. , Arias Tomas , Montgomery Eric , Poddar Shashi , Padmore Howard A. , Karkare Siddharth
Published: February 2023

Linear-accelerator-based applications like x-ray free electron lasers, ultrafast electron diffraction, electron beam cooling, and energy recovery linacs use photoemission-based cathodes in photoinjectors for electron sources. Most of these photocathodes are typically grown as polycrystalline materials with disordered surfaces. In order to understand the mechanism of photoemission from such cathodes and completely exploit their photoemissive properties, it is important to develop a photoemission formalism that properly describes the subtleties of these cathodes. The Dowell–Schmerge (D–S) model often used to describe the properties of such cathodes gives the correct trends for photoemission properties like the quantum efficiency (QE) and the mean transverse energy (MTE) for metals; however, it is based on several unphysical assumptions. In the present work, we use Spicer’s three-step photoemission formalism to develop a photoemission model that results in the same trends for QE and MTE as the D–S model without the need for any unphysical assumptions and is applicable to defective thin-film semiconductor cathodes along with metal cathodes. As an example, we apply our model to Cs3Sb thin films and show that their near-threshold QE and MTE performance is largely explained by the exponentially decaying defect density of states near the valence band maximum.
Fast parametric two-qubit gate for highly detuned fixed-frequency superconducting qubits using a double-transmon coupler
Authors: Kubo Kentaro , Goto Hayato
Published: February 2023

High-performance two-qubit gates have been reported with superconducting qubits coupled via a single-transmon coupler (STC). Most of them are implemented for qubits with a small detuning since reducing residual ZZ coupling for highly detuned qubits by an STC is challenging. In terms of the frequency crowding and crosstalk, however, highly detuned qubits are desirable. Here, we numerically demonstrate a high-performance parametric gate for highly detuned fixed-frequency qubits using a recently proposed tunable coupler called a double-transmon coupler (DTC). Applying an ac flux pulse, we can perform a maximally entangling universal gate (iSWAP) with an average fidelity over 99.99% and a short gate time of about 24 ns. This speed is comparable to resonance-based gates for slightly detuned tunable qubits. Moreover, using a dc flux pulse alternatively, we can achieve another kind of entangling gate called a CZ gate with an average fidelity over 99.99% and a gate time of about 18 ns. Given the flexibility and feasible settings, we can expect that the DTC will contribute towards realizing a high-performance quantum computer in the near future.
Design and analysis of a new field-modulated permanent magnet machine with an improved rotor
Authors: Bian Fangfang , Li Miao , Ke Caifei , Su Jie
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a new field-modulated permanent magnet (FMPM) machine with an improved rotor is proposed and analyzed. The proposed FMPM machine enjoys the advantages of high PM utilization and better heat dissipation. For a fair comparison, the proposed FMPM machine is designed with the same geometrical parameters based on the existing FMPM machine. The electromagnetic performances of existing FMPM (E-FMPM) machine and proposed FMPM (P-FMPM) are compared and analyzed by using finite element method, verifying that the proposed FMPM machine with an improved rotor can obtain high torque density and high PM utilization.
Effect of casting methods on magnetic properties of Sm(CoFeCuZr)z magnet
Authors: Meng C. Z. , Zhang D. T. , Jia J. H. , Yang J. J. , Teng Y. , Zhang H. G. , Li Y. Q. , Liu W. Q. , Yue M.
Published: February 2023

The effect of casting method on the magnetic properties of Sm(Co0.63Fe0.28Cu0.07Zr0.02)7.6 magnet has been investigated. The results show that the plate-mold ingot (PM) and strip-casting flake (SC) have the same phase composition. Compared with PM, the SC has a smaller grain size and larger fine-grain region due to its larger degree of undercooling. The magnetic properties of the PM magnet are Br = 11.63 kG, Hcj = 25.65 kOe, (BH)max = 30.97 MGOe, while the magnetic properties of SC magnet are Br = 11.45 kG, Hcj = 24.00 kOe, (BH)max = 30.03 MGOe. The reason for the low remanence of the SC magnet is revealed by the XRD and EBSD results. It shows that the PM magnet has a better easy-axis orientation than the SC magnet, due to the existence of fine grains in SC that are unfavorable for the alignment under a magnetic field.
Role of cationic size mismatch and effect of disorder in mixed valent manganites
Authors: Khatun Aisha , Aich Payel , Topwal D.
Published: February 2023

Comparative studies of structure, magnetism, and magnetoresistance (MR) have been carried out in A-site ordered NdBaMn2O6 (O-NB), A-site disordered NdBaMn2O6 (D-NB) and A-site disordered NdCaMn2O6 (D-NC). O-NB, where A-site cations, Nd3+ and Ba2+ (of different ionic sizes) are arranged periodically, undergoes structural transition with temperature, while no structural change is present in D-NB where A-site cations are arranged randomly. However, structural transitions are observed in D-NC where Nd3+ and Ca2+ have similar ionic sizes. Magnetization (M) data shows O-NB has AFM ground state associated with a lower structurally symmetric phase and an FM ground state is observed for D-NB with higher structural symmetry. However, AFM ground state is observed in D-NC similar to that of O-NB. Both the disorder systems exhibit semiconductive transport characteristics over the entire temperature range. The resistivity data of disorder compounds have been fitted with different theoretical models to elucidate the conduction process in these systems. Further, MR studies depict a three times higher value of MR in both disorder compounds compared to that of order one. However, the behavior of MR with H is different for D-NB and D-NC, implying a different origin of this large MR in these compounds. We believe that the different magnetic ground state of D-NB and D-NC is the possible origin of their distinct MR behavior to the magnetic field.
Vibration analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous motor by a pole/slot combination
Authors: Yun Gyeonghwan , Choo Yongha , Kim Changhwan , Lee Sangjin , Hong Do-Kwan , Lee Cheewoo
Published: February 2023

A sixteen-pole eighteen-slot (16p/18s) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) developed in Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) for a vertical articulated robot is chosen as a reference model, and other two pole/slot combinations (20p/18s, 20p/24s) are together compared in terms of electrical and mechanical performance. Radial force density varying in time and space is decomposed through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and vibration is calculated from the harmonics of radial force. The vibration of 20p/24s is best due to its mode of 4 among the three pole/slot combinations. Additionally, the variation of radial force density with respect to torque is compared between 16p/18s and 20p/18s. Despite the same number of slots in both motors, the slope of 20p/18s is greater than that of 16p/18s in radial force density due to the different number of poles. As a result, the vibration of 20p/18s is worse than that of 16p/18s.
Long-term, large-scale experiment reveals the effects of seed limitation, climate, and anthropogenic disturbance on restoration of plant communities in a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Orrock John L. , Brudvig Lars A. , Damschen Ellen I. , Mattingly W. Brett , Cruz Jennyffer , Veldman Joseph W. , Hahn Philip G. , Larsen-Gray Angela L.
Published: February 2023

Ecological restoration is essential for maintaining biodiversity in the face of dynamic, global changes in climate, human land use, and disturbance regimes. Effective restoration requires understanding bottlenecks in plant community recovery that exist today, while recognizing that these bottlenecks may relate to complex histories of environmental change. Such understanding has been a challenge because few long-term, well-replicated experiments exist to decipher the demographic processes influencing recovery for numerous species against the backdrop of multiyear variation in climate and management. We address this challenge through a long-term and geographically expansive experiment in longleaf pine savannas, an imperiled ecosystem and biodiversity hotspot in the southeastern United States. Using 48 sites at three locations spanning 480 km, the 8-y experiment manipulated initial seed arrival for 24 herbaceous plant species and presence of competitors to evaluate the impacts of climate variability and management actions (e.g., prescribed burning) on plant establishment and persistence. Adding seeds increased plant establishment of many species. Cool and wet climatic conditions, low tree density, and reduced litter depth also promoted establishment. Once established, most species persisted for the duration of the 8-y experiment. Plant traits were most predictive when tightly coupled to the process of establishment. Our results illustrate how seed additions can restore plant diversity and how interannual climatic variation affects the dynamics of plant communities across a large region. The significant effects of temperature and precipitation inform how future climate may affect restoration and conservation via large-scale changes in the fundamental processes of establishment and persistence.
Plants maintain climate fidelity in the face of dynamic climate change
Authors: Wang Yue , Pineda-Munoz Silvia , McGuire Jenny L.
Published: February 2023

Plants will experience considerable changes in climate within their geographic ranges over the next several decades. They may respond by exhibiting niche flexibility and adapting to changing climates. Alternatively, plant taxa may exhibit climate fidelity, shifting their geographic distributions to track their preferred climates. Here, we examine the responses of plant taxa to changing climates over the past 18,000 y to evaluate the extent to which the 16 dominant plant taxa of North America have exhibited climate fidelity. We find that 75% of plant taxa consistently exhibit climate fidelity over the past 18,000 y, even during the times of most extreme climate change. Of the four taxa that do not consistently exhibit climate fidelity, three—elm (Ulmus), beech (Fagus), and ash (Fraxinus)—experience a long-term shift in their realized climatic niche between the early Holocene and present day. Plant taxa that migrate longer distances better maintain consistent climatic niches across transition periods during times of the most extreme climate change. Today, plant communities with the highest climate fidelity are found in regions with high topographic and microclimate heterogeneity that are expected to exhibit high climate resilience, allowing plants to shift distributions locally and adjust to some amount of climate change. However, once the climate change buffering of the region is exceeded, these plant communities will need to track climates across broader landscapes but be challenged to do so because of the low habitat connectivity of the regions.
Major histocompatibility class I antigenic peptides derived from translation of pre-mRNAs generate immune tolerance
Authors: Sroka Ewa Maria , Lavigne Mathilde , Pla Marika , Daskalogianni Chrysoula , Tovar-Fernandez Maria Camila , Prado Martins Rodrigo , Manoury Bénédicte , Darrasse-Jéze Guillaume , Nascimento Megane , Apcher Sebastien , Fåhraeus Robin
Published: February 2023

Antigenic peptides derived from introns are presented on major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecules, but how these peptides are produced is poorly understood. Here, we show that an MHC class I epitope (SL8) sequence inserted in the second intron of the β-globin gene in a C57BL/6 mouse (HBB) generates immune tolerance. Introduction of SL8-specific CD8
+
T cells derived from OT-1 transgenic mice resulted in a threefold increase in OT-1 T cell proliferation in HBB animals, as compared to wild-type animals. The growth of MCA sarcoma cells expressing the intron-derived SL8 epitope was suppressed in wild-type animals compared to HBB mice. The β-globin pre-mRNA was detected in the light polysomal fraction, and introducing stop codons identified a non-AUG initiation site between +228 and +255 nts upstream of the SL8. Isolation of ribosome footprints confirmed translation initiation within this 27 nt sequence. Furthermore, treatment with splicing inhibitor shifts the translation of the pre-mRNA to monosomal fractions and results in an increase of intron-derived peptide substrate as shown by polysome profiling and cell imaging. These results show that non-AUG-initiated translation of pre-mRNAs generates peptides for MHC class I immune tolerance and helps explain why alternative tissue-specific splicing is tolerated by the immune system.
Languages and future-oriented economic behavior—Experimental evidence for causal effects
Authors: Ayres Ian , Katz Tamar Kricheli , Regev Tali
Published: February 2023

Studies have shown that the use of languages which grammatically associate the future and the present tends to correlate with more future-oriented behavior. We take an experimental approach to go beyond correlation. We asked bilingual research participants, people fluent in two languages (12 language pairs) which differ in the way they encode time, to make a set of future-oriented economic decisions. We find that participants addressed in a language in which the present and the future are marked more distinctly tended to value future events less than participants addressed in a language in which the present and the future are similarly marked. In an additional experiment, bilingual research participants (seven language pairs) were asked to choose whether they wish to complete a more enjoyable task first or later (delayed gratification). When addressed in a language in which the present and the future are marked more distinctly, participants tended to prefer immediate gratification more than when addressed in a language in which the present and the future are marked less distinctly. We shed light on the mechanism in a within-person experiment in which bilingual research participants (nine language pairs) were asked to spatially mark the distance between the present and the future. When participants were addressed in a language in which the present and the future are marked more distinctly, they tended to express more precise temporal beliefs compared with when addressed in a language in which the present and the future are marked less distinctly.
Restricted language access during childhood affects adult brain structure in selective language regions
Authors: Cheng Qi , Roth Austin , Halgren Eric , Klein Denise , Chen Jen-Kai , Mayberry Rachel I.
Published: February 2023

Due to the ubiquitous nature of language in the environment of infants, how it affects the anatomical structure of the brain language system over the lifespan is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of early language experience on the adult brain by examining anatomical features of individuals born deaf with typical or restricted language experience in early childhood. Twenty-two deaf adults whose primary language was American Sign Language and were first immersed in it at ages ranging from birth to 14 y participated. The control group was 21 hearing non-signers. We acquired T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and used FreeSurfer [B. Fischl, 
Neuroimage
62
, 774–781(2012)] to reconstruct the brain surface. Using an a priori regions of interest (ROI) approach, we identified 17 language and 19 somatomotor ROIs in each hemisphere from the Human Connectome Project parcellation map [M. F. Glasser 
et al.
, 
Nature
536
, 171–178 (2016)]. Restricted language experience in early childhood was associated with negative changes in adjusted grey matter volume and/or cortical thickness in bilateral fronto-temporal regions. No evidence of anatomical differences was observed in any of these regions when deaf signers with infant sign language experience were compared with hearing speakers with infant spoken language experience, showing that the effects of early language experience on the brain language system are supramodal.
Reduction of embryonicE93expression as a hypothetical driver of the evolution of insect metamorphosis
Authors: Fernandez-Nicolas Ana , Machaj Gabriela , Ventos-Alfonso Alba , Pagone Viviana , Minemura Toshinori , Ohde Takahiro , Daimon Takaaki , Ylla Guillem , Belles Xavier
Published: February 2023

The early embryo of the cockroachBlattella germanicaexhibits highE93expression. In general, E93 triggers adult morphogenesis during postembryonic development. Here we show that E93 is also crucial in early embryogenesis in the cockroach, as a significant number of E93-depleted embryos are unable to develop the germ band under maternal RNAi treatment targetingE93. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis indicates that E93 depletion results in important gene expression changes in the early embryo, and many of the differentially expressed genes are involved in development. Then, using public databases, we gatheredE93expression data in embryo and preadult stages, finding that embryonic expression ofE93is high in hemimetabolan species (whose juveniles, or nymphs, are similar to the adult) and low in holometabolans (whose juveniles, or larvae, are different from the adult).E93expression is also low in Thysanoptera and in Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha, hemimetabolans with postembryonic quiescent stages, as well as in Odonata, the nymph of which is very different from the adult. In ametabolans, such as the ZygentomaThermobia domestica,E93transcript levels are very high in the early embryo, whereas during postembryonic development they are medium and relatively constant. We propose the hypothesis that during evolution, a reduction ofE93expression in the embryo of hemimetabolans facilitated the larval development and the emergence of holometaboly. Independent decreases ofE93transcripts in the embryo of Odonata, Thysanoptera, and different groups of Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha would have allowed the development of modified juvenile stages adapted to specific ecophysiological conditions.
Who benefits from voter identification laws?
Authors: Harden Jeffrey J. , Campos Alejandra
Published: February 2023

In the first two decades of the twenty-first century, many American state governments implemented voter identification (ID) laws for elections held in their states. These laws, which commonly mandate photo ID and/or require significant effort by voters lacking ID, sparked an ongoing national debate over the tension between election security and access in a democratic society. The laws’ proponents—primarily politicians in the Republican Party—claim that they prevent voter fraud, while Democratic opponents denounce the disproportionate burden they place on historically disadvantaged groups such as the poor and people of color. While these positions may reflect sincerely held beliefs, they also align with the political parties’ rational electoral strategies because the groups most likely to be disenfranchised by the laws tend to support Democratic candidates. Are these partisan views on the impact of voter ID correct? Existing research focuses on how voter ID laws affect voter turnout and fraud. But the extent to which they produce observable electoral benefits for Republican candidates and/or penalize Democrats remains an open question. We examine how voter ID impacts the parties’ electoral fortunes in races at the state level (state legislatures and governorships) and federal level (United States Congress and president) during 2003 to 2020. Our results suggest negligible average effects but with some heterogeneity over time. The first laws implemented produced a Democratic advantage, which weakened to near zero after 2012. We conclude that voter ID requirements motivate and mobilize supporters of both parties, ultimately mitigating their anticipated effects on election results.
Efficient hydrogen production from wastewater remediation by piezoelectricity coupling advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Liu Wenyuan , Fu Pengbo , Zhang Yayun , Xu Hai , Wang Hualin , Xing Mingyang
Published: February 2023

Efficient H
2
harvesting from wastewater instead of pure water can minimize fresh water consumption, which is expected to solve the problem of water shortage in H
2
production process and contribute to carbon neutrality in the environmental remediation, but the inevitable electron depletion caused by electron-consuming pollutants will result in an exhausted H
2
evolution reaction (HER) performance. In this paper, by coupling piezocatalysis and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) by a MoS
2
/Fe
0
/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) ternary system, extensive types of wastewater achieved considerable H
2
generation, which exceeded the yield in pure water with synchronous advanced degradation of organic pollutants. In addition, profiting from the crucial bridging role of PMS, the H
2
yield in nitrobenzene wastewater after the introduction of PMS-based AOPs increased 3.37-fold from 267.7 μmol·g
−1
·h
−1
to 901.0 μmol·g
−1
·h
−1
because the presence of PMS both thermodynamically benefited MoS
2
piezocatalytic H
2
evolution and eliminated the electron depletion caused by organic pollutants. By this way, the original repressed H
2
evolution performance in substrate of wastewater not only was regained but even showed a significant enhancement than that in pure water (505.7 μmol·g
−1
·h
−1
). Additionally, the cyclonic piezoelectric reactor was preliminarily designed for future industrialization. This strategy provided a valuable path for the recycling of actual wastewater by fuel production and synchronous advanced treatment.
Instrumental dialogue and the ethics of expressing solicitude for each other’s existence
Authors: Bencherki Nicolas , Sénac Coline
Published: February 2023

Dialogue is about forgoing control and possession when interacting with the Other. In comparison, the notion of instrumentality appears contrary to the very notion of dialogue. This paper suggests, however, that mutual instrumentalization is necessary for dialogue to be a space where participants express solicitude for each other and promote each other’s voice, action, and existence. Building on the work of French philosopher Étienne Souriau, we argue that promoting another’s existence requires taking their actions and speech into our own. This enables them to also exist through us as we allow them to instrumentalize us. Such a view better accounts for what goes on in tangible dialogue situations, as we show by revisiting an empirical case. Our proposal extends current research on the conditions of productive dialogue, invites being careful about who or what populates the dialogical scene, and turns our attention to what they may need to pursue their existence.
Does threat cause discrimination or does discrimination cause threat? (¿La amenaza causa la discriminación o la discriminación causa la amenaza?)
Authors: Pérez Juan A. , Ghosn Farah , Chulvi Berta , Molpeceres Mariángeles
Published: February 2023

A new experiment tested — and confirmed — the hypothesis that being the perpetrator of the discrimination of the minority subsequently makes one perceive this minority as more threatening. The experimental procedure assumed that the act of marking corrections of the linguistic errors of a person was a performative act that improves the image of competence of the corrector and worsens that of the corrected. The experiment ( N = 147) followed a factorial design, 2 (author of the text: a young Gypsy vs. a young person) x 2 ( making corrections vs. refraining from making corrections). Intergroup threat anxiety shows that discrimination against the minority increases the threat anxiety that is associated with a subsequent interaction with it. We conclude that being the perpetrator of the minority discrimination causes the majority to perceive the minority as more threatening. We discuss how this discrimination itself ends up transforming the representation of those minorities.
Wafer acceptance test structures for characterization of thermoelectric materials’ thermal conductivity of thermopile sensors
Authors: Qu Fan , Fu Jianyu , Huang Peng , Lu Yihong , Wang Xiaolei , Chen Dapeng
Published: February 2023

Thermopile sensors have a wide range of applications in consumer and industry. Thermopile is the key component of thermopile sensors, and thermal conductivity is a basic thermal parameter of thermopile. Extracting the thermal conductivity of thermoelectric materials in thermopile sensors is of great importance. In this work, wafer acceptable test structures that fabricated along with thermopile sensors are presented. They could guarantee the measured materials are identical to those used in thermopile sensors. The test results are consistent with the reported values, and the validity of structures is verified. This method has the advantages of on-line extraction over a wide temperature range, and simultaneous extraction of thermal conductivity of connecting wire.
Advances in radiative capture studies at LUNA with a segmented BGO detector
Authors: Skowronski J , Gesuè R M , Boeltzig A , Ciani G F , Piatti D , Rapagnani D , Aliotta M , Ananna C , Barile F , Bemmerer D , Best A , Broggini C , Bruno C G , Caciolli A , Campostrini M , Cavanna F , Colombetti P , Compagnucci A , Corvisiero P , Csedreki L , Davinson T , Depalo R , Di Leva A , Elekes Z , Ferraro F , Formicola A , Fülöp Zs , Gervino G , Guglielmetti A , Gustavino C , Gyürky Gy , Imbriani G , Junker M , Lugaro M , Marigo P , Masha E , Menegazzo R , Paticchio V , Perrino R , Prati P , Rigato V , Schiavulli L , Sidhu R S , Straniero O , Szücs T , Zavatarelli S
Published: February 2023

Studies of charged-particle reactions for low-energy nuclear astrophysics require high sensitivity, which can be achieved by means of detection setups with high efficiency and low backgrounds, to obtain precise measurements in the energy region of interest for stellar scenarios. High-efficiency total absorption spectroscopy is an established and powerful tool for studying radiative capture reactions, particularly if combined with the cosmic background reduction by several orders of magnitude obtained at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA). We present recent improvements in the detection setup with the Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) detector at LUNA, aiming to reduce high-energy backgrounds and increase the summing detection efficiency. The new design results in enhanced sensitivity of the BGO setup, as we demonstrate and discuss in the context of the first direct measurement of the 65 keV resonance (E

x
= 5672 keV) of the 17O(p,γ)18F reaction. Moreover, we show two applications of the BGO detector, which exploit its segmentation. In the case of complex γ-ray cascades, e.g. the de-excitation of E

x
= 5672 keV in 18F, the BGO segmentation allows to identify and suppress the beam-induced background signals that mimic the sum peak of interest. We demonstrate another new application for such a detector in form of in situ activation measurements of a reaction with β
+ unstable product nuclei, e.g. the 14N(p,γ)15O reaction.
Optimal twist angle for a graphene-like bilayer
Authors: Romeo August , Supèr Hans
Published: February 2023

The first optimal—or ‘magic’—angle leading to the nullity of the Dirac/Fermi velocity for twisted bilayer graphene is re-evaluated in the Bistritzer–MacDonald set-up (Bistritzer and MacDonald 2011 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
108 12233–7). From the details of that calculation we study the resulting alterations when the properties of the two layers are not exactly the same. A moiré combination of lattices without relative rotation but with different spacing lengths may also lead to a vanishing Dirac velocity. Hopping amplitudes can vary as well, and curvature is one of the possible causes for their change. In the case of small curvature values and situations dominated by hopping energy scales, the optimal angle becomes wider than in the ‘flat’ case.