bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptability of cut rose (Rosa hybrida L.) varieties for shade and high temperature conditions in tropical greenhouses
Authors: Rupasinghe R.L. , Auluvihare W.B.W.M.R.C.P. , Mawalagedera S.M.M.R. , Weerakkody W.A.P. , Bandaranayake P.R.S.D. , Suriyagoda L.D.B.
Published: August 2017

Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) is one of the most popular cut flower species grown under protected culture in the world. However, in Sri Lanka, the commercial cultivation is limited to upcountry region due to low temperature. Even though many rose varieties are grown in relatively warm regions, their growth rates and productivity vary due to the lack of adaptability to temperature stress. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify adaptable varieties for moderately high temperature and partial shade in a replicated greenhouse research in Mid Country Wet Zone (MCWZ) and Intermediate Zone (MCIZ) of Sri Lanka. Rose varieties Black Magic and White Success were identified to be more adoptable to warm and humid greenhouse conditions in the MCWZ and MCIZ during Yala season with respect to plant growth and flower yield. However, White Success was comparatively lower in marketable flower percentage and flower quality, compared to Black Magic. Cut flower varieties, Grand Gala and Peach Pope showed longer shelf-life compared to Black Magic and White Success. The types of shades, Aluminet (25 %) and black shade net (50 %), reduced the mean daytime temperature difference to 2.1±0.13 between greenhouse air and outside air. The rose varieties Black Magic, Grand Gala and White Success could successfully be grown to obtain a good quality flower yield under the shade of Aluminet (25 % shade) in the greenhouse. The recognized the adaptability of the selected rose varieties to tropical greenhouse conditions, and the potential use of Aluminet (25 % shade) as a temperature control measure in rose-producing greenhouses.
Effect of UV protectants mixed with HaNPV on POBs and larval mortality of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner
Authors: Mane P.N. , Satpute N.S. , Moharil M.P. , Ladole M.Y. , Thakare S.M. , Gade A.K.
Published: August 2017

Baculovirus could be an attractive candidate for integrated pest management (IPM) because of its inherent high pathogenicity, narrow host range, and safety to vertebrates, plants and the environment. Despite these advantages, its practical application as a microbial pesticide has not been fully exploited due to rapid inactivation of the virus by sunlight (UV rays). However, additives can be used to protect the baculovirus from light degradation. The present study was carried out to test the potential of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) as UV protectants along with 1 % Tinopal® and 1 % mango leaf extract, and to develop Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaNPV)-ready formulation with potential UV protectant during 2012-2013. An attempt was also made to use SNPs as an antimicrobial additive to extend the shelf life of HaNPV and to shelter the polyhedral occlusion bodies (POBs) from UV degradation after spraying in field against H. armigera Hübner on various crops. Formulated viral suspensions were exposed to UV 20 W Philips lamp (Type 5, range 285 - 320 nm) for 15 min and to sunlight at noon hours for 30 min, and 1, 1.5 and 2 hrs to determine the viability of POBs and larvicidal activity. The least reduction in POBs i.e. 5.2 %, was observed from HaNPV + 1 % Tinopal, which also recorded a 86.7 % larval mortality when exposed to UV lamp. The results was in par (p>0.05) with HaNPV alone un-irradiated. The HaNPV alone with irradiation recorded 55.1 % reduction in POBs, while HaNPV + 1 % Tinopal with exposure to sunlight protected the POBs up to 1.5 hr, with 20.5 % reduction in POBs and 83.9 % larval mortality. Exposure to for 2 hrs reduced the insecticidal activity of HaNPV even though 1 % Tinopal was used as a UV protectant. Of the additives, 1 % Tinopal was found to be effective as it protected the POBs from UV degradation and enhanced the larval mortality as compared to 1 % mango leaf extract and SNPs.
Identification of fertility restorers, stable combiners and heterotic combinations across environments in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajanifolius (L.) Millsp.] in India
Authors: Byregowda M. , Prashanthbabu H. , Maryreena G. A.
Published: August 2017

Efficient and stable cytoplasmic genic male sterility system is a prerequisite for commercial exploitation of heterosis in any crop improvement program. The present investigation was undertaken to identify fertility restorers, stable combiners and best heterotic crosses in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajanifolius (L.) Millsp]. Totally, 75 crosses were developed by using three A4 cytoplasm-based male sterile lines viz., ICPA 2047, ICPA 2092 and ICPA 2089, and 25 diverse inbred lines. The pollen fertility assay identified 15 good restorers with 85-95% fertility status. The 45, best restored combinations identified were assessed across four seasons (August and September, 2012 and 2013) for their stable heterosis and general and specific combining ability to identify parents possessing desirable genes. Variance for combining ability was significant (p<.05) for lines, testers and line × tester effects. Among the three male sterile lines, ICPA 2047 was stable with a significant general combining ability for most of the traits followed by ICPA 2092, while the general combining ability effects among males was high across seasons for ICPL 20205 and ICPL 20177 (p<0.05). The cross combination of ICPA 2089 × ICPL 20205 had desirable genes for days to the first flowering, 50% flowering and maturity. For yield related traits, cross combinations of ICPA 2047 × ICPL 20128, ICPA 2092 × ICPL 11376 and ICPA 2047 × ICPL 20107 had significant specific combining ability indicating their usability in development of hybrids (p<0.05). With respect to the heterotic ability of crosses, crosses involving parents ICPA 2089 as female and ICPL 88034 and ICPL 81-3 as males showed negative heterosis for flowering and maturity. For yield related traits, crosses with ICPA 2047 as the female parent and ICPL 20128, ICPL 20177 and ICPL 20096 as the male parents showed significant positive heterosis (p<0.05). The identified parents with good combining ability and cross combination`s with significant heterosis could be utilized in producing high yielding hybrids in pigeonpea.
Bio-efficacy of potassium phosphonate against nut rot disease of areca nut (Areca catechu L.) in the northern Karnataka of India
Authors: Hegde G. M.
Published: August 2017

Phytophthora arecaea, a causal agent of nut rot disease (koleroga) of areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is one of the major fungal pathogens affecting the crop in the northern Karnataka of India. The estimated loss associated with this disease extends up to 60%. In the endemic regions of India, the disease occurs immediately after the onset of the monsoon rains (June) and prevails till mid-August due to congenial weather conditions. For the effective management of this devastating disease, potassium phosphonate was tried during June and July 2013-2014 at the farmer’s fields. The results revealed that potassium phosphonate applied at the rate of 6.0 ml/L has reduced the per cent disease incidence (PDI) in areca nut (PDI=19.5%), where the results were on par (p>0.05) with metalaxy MZ applied at 2.0 g/L (PDI=16.81%) and Bordeaux mixture applied at 1% (w/v; PDI=18.84%). However, potassium phosphonate at 3.0 ml/L (PDI=43.10%) and 4.5 ml/L (PDI=39.45%) was not effective in reducing the PDI. The maximum PDI of 52.87% was recorded in unsprayed control plots. The highest yields of 26.42 q/h was recorded from the plots sprayed with metalaxy MZ at 2.0 g/L, which is in par (p>0.05) with potassium phosphonate applied at 6.0 ml/L (24.76 q/ha) and Bordeaux mixture at 1% (25.12q/ha). The lowest yield (12.48 q/ha) was recorded from the control (unsprayed) plots.
Quality characteristics and sensory evaluation of cookies produced from composite blends of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour
Authors: Jemziya M. B. F. , Mahendran T.
Published: August 2017

Cookies hold an important position in snack foods due to the variety in taste, crispiness and digestibility. Composite flours have better nutritional quality and would be highly desirable for the production of nutritious cookies. A study was carried out to develop cookies from the flour of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to evaluate the quality characteristics of the product. The mature sweet potatoes (cv. Wariapola Red) were procured from the commercial growers. Tubers were washed, peeled, cut into thin slices of 1 mm thickness and dried in the sun until the pieces were quite brittle. The dried chips were milled, passed through a 250 μm sieve and packed in air tight containers. Different composite blends of wheat flour and sweet potato flour were mixed in the ratios of 100:00, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 00:100. The nutritional analysis of sweet potato flour confirmed that it contains 2.3% protein, 9.4% dietary fibre and 85.5% soluble carbohydrates. Physical characteristics such as thickness, volume and spreading factor of the cookies decreased from 0.969 to 0.910 cm, 41.66 to 30.41 cm3 and 6.43 to 5.61, respectively, with increasing of sweet potato flour. The moisture, ash, fibre and soluble carbohydrate content increased significantly (p<0.05) from 1.33 to 1.37%, 2.07 to 2.4%, 2.14 to 8.7, and 80.86 to 85.97%, respectively, while protein content decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 7.04 to 6.22 with the increase in sweet potato flour from 0 to 100% of the composite flour for cookies. The sensory analysis showed that the cookies supplemented with 40% sweet potato flour were well acceptable in terms of colour, texture, taste and overall acceptability compared to other treatments. The mixture of 40% sweet potato flour and 60% wheat flour was successful for the formulation of composite cookies with better nutritional and organoleptic qualities within the universally accepted standards. The outcome of this research can be used as valuable information for the development of high fibre low gluten sweet cookies.
Effect of different slaughterhouses on carcass and meat quality of pigs
Authors: Kalubowila D. C. A. , De Silva P. H. G. J.
Published: August 2017

The issue of meat quality has become a major concern in the swine industry of Sri Lanka. The impact of the condition of slaughterhouses on carcass and meat quality of pigs was studied in two different commercial slaughterhouses (SH), i.e. SH-A: HACCP certified with electrical stunning and SH-B: conventional slaughter system with mechanical stunning. Feed withdrawal, transport and lairage were standardized for each batch, which did not differ between slaughterhouses. Three batches of 60 Large White × Land Race crossbred pigs (live weight 86 ± 6.9 kg) were purchased from commercial farms, randomly divided into two groups and delivered to two slaughterhouses. Dressing percentage, time taken for animal to be unconscious, bleeding time, injuries, bruising, blood spots in meat, blood aspiration in lungs, water holding capacity (WHC), carcass temperature, pH at 45 minutes of post-slaughter, the total plate count (TPC), and microbial counts of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp were measured. Stunning time, bleeding time, temperature, blood aspiration in lungs, injuries, bruising and meat blood spots were significantly higher (p<0.05) in SH-B than in the SH-A. Dressing percentage and carcass weight were not significantly different (p>0.05) between the two slaughter houses. The microbial counts significantly differed (p<0.05) between slaughterhouses. The TPC and counts of E coil and S. aureus between SH-A and SH-B were 4.41 vs 5.86, 2.37 vs 3.69 and 0.22 vs 2.35 log CFU/cm2, respectively (p<0.05). However, Salmonella were not present in both slaughterhouses. The SH-B produced an inferior quality meat compared to SH-A, where meat of SH-B had a lower pH45 min (A: 6.45 ± 0.02 vs. B: 6.20 ± 0.01), and exhibited higher carcass temperature and lower WHC. The results suggested that the slaughter house A with HACCP certification was far better than the slaughter house B in terms of carcass and meat quality of pigs.
Macrophage-Restricted Shp2 Tyrosine Phosphatase Acts as a Rheostat for MMP12 through TGF-β Activation in the Prevention of Age-Related Emphysema in Mice
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Tao Bo , Guo Xiaohong , Zhou Shiyi , Li Yongda , Zhang Yuqin , Zhou Zanhua , Cheng Hongqiang , Zhang Xue , Ke Yuehai
Published: August 2017

Persistent activation of macrophages in lungs plays a critical role in the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that contributes to the destruction of alveolar walls, a hallmark for pulmonary emphysema. Dysregulated TGF-β1 signaling has been an essential determinant in the elevation of MMPs during the development of emphysema. Nevertheless, the mechanism for this MMP-dependent pathogenesis has yet to be clearly investigated. Recently, we identified an important role for tyrosine phosphatase Src homology domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (Shp2) in regulating the activation of alveolar macrophages. Over a long-term observation period, mice with Shp2 deletion in macrophages (LysMCre:Shp2fl/fl) develop spontaneous, progressive emphysema-like injury in the lungs, characterized by massive destruction of alveolar morphology, interstitial extracellular matrix degradation, and elevated levels of MMPs, particularly, significant increases of macrophage elastase (MMP12) in aged mice. Further analysis demonstrated that MMP12 suppression by TGF-β1 activation was apparently abrogated in LysMCre:Shp2fl/fl mice, whereas the TGF-β1 concentration in the lungs was relatively the same. Mechanistically, we found that loss of Shp2 resulted in attenuated SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in response to TGF-β activation, thereby upregulating MMP12 expression in macrophages. Together, our findings define a novel physiological function of Shp2 in TGF-β1/MMP12-dependent emphysema, adding insights into potential etiologies for this chronic lung disorder.
Carbon Nanoparticles Inhibit the Antimicrobial Activities of the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 through Structural Alteration
Authors: Findlay Fern , Pohl Jan , Svoboda Pavel , Shakamuri Priyanka , McLean Kevin , Inglis Neil F. , Proudfoot Lorna , Barlow Peter G.
Published: August 2017

Host defense peptides, also known as antimicrobial peptides, are key elements of innate host defense. One host defense peptide with well-characterized antimicrobial activity is the human cathelicidin, LL-37. LL-37 has been shown to be upregulated at sites of infection and inflammation and is regarded as one of the primary innate defense molecules against bacterial and viral infection. Human exposure to combustion-derived or engineered nanoparticles is of increasing concern, and the implications of nanomaterial exposure on the human immune response is poorly understood. However, it is widely acknowledged that nanoparticles can interact strongly with several immune proteins of biological significance, with these interactions resulting in structural and functional changes of the proteins involved. This study investigated whether the potent antibacterial and antiviral functions of LL-37 were inhibited by exposure to, and interaction with, carbon nanoparticles, together with characterizing the nature of the interaction. LL-37 was exposed to carbon black nanoparticles in vitro, and the antibacterial and antiviral functions of the peptide were subsequently assessed. We demonstrate a substantial loss of antimicrobial function when the peptide was exposed to low concentrations of nanomaterials, and we further show that the nanomaterial-peptide interaction resulted in a significant change in the structure of the peptide. The human health implications of these findings are significant, as, to our knowledge, this is the first evidence that nanoparticles can alter host defense peptide structure and function, indicating a new role for nanoparticle exposure in increased disease susceptibility.
Clinico-pathological spectrum and novel karyotypic findings in myelodysplastic syndrome: Experience of tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Gupta Ruchi , Rahman Khaliqur , Rahman Khaliqur , Singh Manish Kumar , Singh Manish Kumar , Kumari Surabhi , Kumari Surabhi , Yadav Geeta , Yadav Geeta , Nityanand Soniya , Nityanand Soniya
Published: August 2017

Background: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized clinically by presence of cytopenia/s. Limited data is available pertaining to the morphological spectrum and cytogenetic profile of Indian MDS patients. The aim of the study was to ascertain the clinco pathological, morphological and cytogenetic spectrum of Indian MDS patients. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed as MDS from June 2012-December 2016 was performed. Their clinical and laboratory data was collated and reviewed.Results: A total of 150 patients of as primary MDS were evaluated with M: F ratio of 1.6:1 and median age of 55.5 years. 64% patients presented with pancytopenia, with thrombocytopenia alone was seen in only 2 cases. There were 66 (44%) cases of MDS-MLD, 33 (22%) MDS-EB 2, 32 (21.3%) MDS–EB 1, 13 (8.6%) cases MDS-SLD and two cases each of MDS-SLD-RS, MDS-MLD-RS and RCC. Cytogenetic data was available in 86/150 patients, 50% of which were abnormal. Complex karyotype was observed to be the commonest abnormality (27.5%). Novel translocations like t(9;22)(q11.2;q34.2) in addition to other abnormalities (n=3), t(2;4)(p25;q23),t(1;5)(p22;q33), t(1;12)(p34;p11.2) and t(5;7;9;)(q13;q32;p22) were observed.Conclusion: The median age of patients in India is almost a decade younger than the western population. Moreover, majority of the patients belonged to the high risk IPSS-R prognostic group (31.4%), followed by intermediate (29%) and very high risk groups (24.4%) in our cohort of patients. Seventy percent individuals, < 40 years belonged to the high prognostic categories, indicating that Indian MDS patients have high disease burden and in turn more likelihood for leukemic transformation.
Competition for water vapour results in suppression of ice
formation in mixed phase clouds
Authors: Simpson Emma L. , Connolly Paul J. , McFiggans Gordon B.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The formation of ice in clouds can initiate precipitation and influence a cloud's reflectivity and lifetime, affecting climate to a highly uncertain degree. Nucleation of ice at elevated temperatures requires an ice nucleating particle (INP): so-called heterogeneous freezing. Previously reported measurements for the ability of a particle to nucleate ice have been made in the absence of other aerosol which will act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. Here we show that CCN can outcompete INPs for available water vapour thus suppressing ice formation, which has the potential to significantly affect the Earth's radiation budget. The magnitude of this suppression is shown to be dependent on the mass of condensed water required for freezing. Here we show that ice formation in a state-of-the-art cloud parcel model is strongly dependent on the criteria for heterogeneous freezing selected from those previously hypothesised. We have developed two alternative criteria which agree well with observations from cloud chamber experiments. This study highlights the dominant role that competition for water vapour can play in ice formation, highlighting both a need for clarity in the requirements for heterogeneous freezing and for measurements under atmospherically appropriate conditions.
Sediment and carbon deposition vary among vegetation assemblages in a coastal salt marsh
Authors: Kelleway Jeffrey J. , Saintilan Neil , Macreadie Peter I. , Baldock Jeffrey A. , Ralph Peter J.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Coastal salt marshes are dynamic, intertidal ecosystems that are increasingly being recognised for their contributions to ecosystem services, including carbon (C) accumulation and storage. The survival of salt marshes and their capacity to store C under rising sea levels, however, is partially reliant upon sedimentation rates and influenced by a combination of physical and biological factors. In this study, we use several complementary methods to assess short-term (days) deposition and medium-term (months) accretion dynamics within a single marsh that contains three salt marsh vegetation types common throughout southeastern (SE) Australia.We found that surface accretion varies among vegetation assemblages, with medium-term (19 months) bulk accretion rates in the upper marsh rush (Juncus) assemblage (1.74 ± 0.13 mm yr−1) consistently in excess of estimated local sea-level rise (1.15 mm yr−1). Accretion rates were lower and less consistent in both the succulent (Sarcocornia, 0.78 ± 0.18 mm yr−1) and grass (Sporobolus, 0.88 ± 0.22 mm yr−1) assemblages located lower in the tidal frame. Short-term (6 days) experiments showed deposition within Juncus plots to be dominated by autochthonous organic inputs with C deposition rates ranging from 1.14 ± 0.41 mg C cm−2 d−1 (neap tidal period) to 2.37 ± 0.44 mg C cm−2 d−1 (spring tidal period), while minerogenic inputs and lower C deposition dominated Sarcocornia (0.10 ± 0.02 to 0.62 ± 0.08 mg C cm−2 d−1) and Sporobolus (0.17 ± 0.04 to 0.40 ± 0.07 mg C cm−2 d−1) assemblages.Elemental (C : N), isotopic (δ13C), mid-infrared (MIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses revealed little difference in either the source or character of materials being deposited among neap versus spring tidal periods. Instead, these analyses point to substantial redistribution of materials within the Sarcocornia and Sporobolus assemblages, compared to high retention and preservation of organic inputs in the Juncus assemblage. By combining medium-term accretion quantification with short-term deposition measurements and chemical analyses, we have gained novel insights into above-ground biophysical processes that may explain previously observed regional differences in surface dynamics among key salt marsh vegetation assemblages. Our results suggest that Sarcocornia and Sporobolus assemblages may be particularly susceptible to changes in sea level, though quantification of below-ground processes (e.g. root production, compaction) is needed to confirm this.
VIC–CropSyst-v2: A regional-scale modeling platform to simulate the nexus of climate, hydrology, cropping systems, and human decisions
Authors: Malek Keyvan , Stöckle Claudio , Chinnayakanahalli Kiran , Nelson Roger , Liu Mingliang , Rajagopalan Kirti , Barik Muhammad , Adam Jennifer C.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Food supply is affected by a complex nexus of land, atmosphere, and human processes, including short- and long-term stressors (e.g., drought and climate change, respectively). A simulation platform that captures these complex elements can be used to inform policy and best management practices to promote sustainable agriculture. We have developed a tightly coupled framework using the macroscale variable infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrologic model and the CropSyst agricultural model. A mechanistic irrigation module was also developed for inclusion in this framework. Because VIC–CropSyst combines two widely used and mechanistic models (for crop phenology, growth, management, and macroscale hydrology), it can provide realistic and hydrologically consistent simulations of water availability, crop water requirements for irrigation, and agricultural productivity for both irrigated and dryland systems. This allows VIC–CropSyst to provide managers and decision makers with reliable information on regional water stresses and their impacts on food production. Additionally, VIC–CropSyst is being used in conjunction with socioeconomic models, river system models, and atmospheric models to simulate feedback processes between regional water availability, agricultural water management decisions, and land–atmosphere interactions. The performance of VIC–CropSyst was evaluated on both regional (over the US Pacific Northwest) and point scales. Point-scale evaluation involved using two flux tower sites located in agricultural fields in the US (Nebraska and Illinois). The agreement between recorded and simulated evapotranspiration (ET), applied irrigation water, soil moisture, leaf area index (LAI), and yield indicated that, although the model is intended to work on regional scales, it also captures field-scale processes in agricultural areas.
The Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project (CDR-MIP): Rationale and experimental design
Authors: Keller David P. , Lenton Andrew , Scott Vivian , Vaughan Naomi E. , Bauer Nico , Ji Duoying , Jones Chris D. , Kravitz Ben , Muri Helene , Zickfeld Kirsten
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The recent IPCC reports state that continued anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are changing the climate threatening "severe, pervasive and irreversible" impacts. Slow progress in emissions reduction to mitigate climate change is resulting in increased attention on what is called Geoengineering, Climate Engineering, or Climate Intervention – deliberate interventions to counter climate change that seek to either modify the Earth's radiation budget or remove greenhouse gases such as CO2 from the atmosphere. When focused on CO2, the latter of these categories is called Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR). The majority of future emission scenarios that stay well below 2 °C, and nearly all emission scenarios that do not exceed 1.5 °C warming by the year 2100, require some form of CDR. At present, there is little consensus on the impacts and efficacy of the different types of proposed CDR. To address this need the Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project (or CDR-MIP) was initiated. This project brings together models of the Earth system in a common framework to explore the potential, impacts, and challenges of CDR. Here, we describe the first set of CDR-MIP experiments that are designed to address questions concerning CDR-induced climate "reversibility", the response of the Earth system to direct atmospheric CO2 removal (direct air capture and storage), and the CDR potential and impacts of afforestation/reforestation, as well as ocean alkalinization.
Near real-time adjusted reanalysis forcing data for hydrology
Authors: Berg Peter , Donnelly Chantal , Gustafsson David
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Updating climatological forcing data to near current data are compelling for impact modelling, e.g. to update model simulations or to simulate recent extreme events. Hydrological simulations are generally sensitive to bias in the meteorological forcing data, especially relative to the data used for the calibration of the model. The lack of daily resolution data at a global scale has previously been solved by adjusting re-analysis data global gridded observations. However, existing data sets of this type have been produced for a fixed past time period, determined by the main global observational data sets. Long delays between updates of these data sets leaves a data gap between present and the end of the data set. Further, hydrological forecasts require initialisations of the current state of the snow, soil, lake (and sometimes river) storage. This is normally conceived by forcing the model with observed meteorological conditions for an extended spin-up period, typically at a daily time step, to calculate the initial state. Here, we present a method named GFD (Global Forcing Data) to combine different data sets in order to produce near real-time updated hydrological forcing data that are compatible with the products covering the climatological period. GFD resembles the already established WFDEI method (Weedon et al., 2014) closely, but uses updated climatological observations, and for the near real-time it uses interim products that apply similar methods. This allows GFD to produce updated forcing data including the previous calendar month around the 10th of each month. We present the GFD method and different produced data sets, which are evaluated against the WFDEI data set, as well as with hydrological simulations with the HYPE model over Europe and the Arctic region. We show that GFD performs similarly to WFDEI and that the updated period significantly reduces the bias of the reanalysis data, although less well for the last two months of the updating cycle. For real-time updates until the current day, extending GFD with operational meteorological forecasts, a large drift is present in the hydrological simulations due to the bias of the meteorological forecasting model.
Response of O2 and pH to ENSO in the California Current System
in a high resolution global climate model
Authors: Turi Giuliana , Alexander Michael , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Capotondi Antonietta , Scott James , Stock Charles , Dunne John , John Jasmin , Jacox Michael
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We use a novel, high-resolution global climate model (GFDL-ESM2.6) to investigate the influence of warm and cold El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on the physics and biogeochemistry of the California Current System (CalCS). We focus on the effect of ENSO on variations in the O2 concentration and the pH of the coastal waters of the CalCS. An assessment of the CalCS response to six El Niño and seven La Niña events in ESM2.6 reveals significant variations in the response between events. However, these variations overlay a consistent physical and biogeochemical (O2 and pH) response in the composite mean. Focusing on the mean response, our results demonstrate that O2 and pH are affected rather differently in the euphotic zone above ~100 m. The strongest O2 response reaches up to several 100 km offshore, whereas the pH signal occurs only within a ~100 km-wide band along the coast. By splitting the changes in O2 and pH into individual physical and biogeochemical components that are affected by ENSO variability, we found that O2 variability in the surface ocean is primarily driven by changes in surface temperature that affect the O2 solubility. In contrast, surface pH changes are predominantly driven by changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), which in turn is affected by upwelling, explaining the confined nature of the pH signal close to the coast. Below ~100 m, we find conditions with anomalously low O2 and pH, and by extension also anomalously low aragonite saturation, during La Niña. This result is consistent with findings from previous studies and highlights the stress that the CalCS ecosystem could periodically undergo in addition to impacts due to climate change.
Built environment determinants of bicycle volume: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhou Jiangping , Sun Feiyang
Published: August 2017

This study examines determinants of bicycle volume in the built environment with a five-year bicycle count dataset from Seattle, Washington. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) is used to capture the bicycle volume change over time while controlling for temporal autocorrelations. The GLMM assumes that bicycle count follows a Poisson distribution. The model results show that (1) the variables of non-winter seasons, peak hours, and weekends are positively associated with the increase of bicycle counts over time; (2) bicycle counts are fewer in steep areas; (3) bicycle counts are greater in zones with more mixed land use, a higher percentage of water bodies, or a greater percentage of workplaces; (4) the increment of bicycle infrastructure is positively associated with the increase of bicycle volume; and (5) bicycling is more popular in neighborhoods with a greater percentage of whites and younger adults. It concludes that areas with a smaller slope variation, a higher employment density, and a shorter distance to water bodies encourage bicycling. This conclusion suggests that to best boost bicycling, decision-makers should consider building more bicycle facilities in flat areas and integrating the facilities with employment densification and open-space creation and planning.
Transit accessibility, land development and socioeconomic priority: A typology of planned station catchment areas in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area
Authors: Farber Steven , Grandez Maria
Published: August 2017

The Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area is in the process of implementing a wide array of transit expansion projects. Despite being an important evaluator of transit efficacy, accessibility is not a typical variable included in the business cases of the local planning authorities. We address this shortcoming by computing current and future accessibility scores for each proposed transit route and station. Our results are compared against measures of availability of developable land within station catchment areas and the socioeconomic priority of populations residing within catchment areas. A typology of station types is produced via a multi-criteria analysis, and this is further used to assess the efficacy of the transit plans in meeting the redevelopment and intensification goals and social priorities in the region. We are able to conclude that significant mismatches between accessibility and developable land exist. Furthermore, there is a lack of alignment between accessibility and socioeconomic priority; however, where these two criteria align, risks of redevelopment-based gentrification are low, due to the unavailability of readily developable land in these station catchment areas.
The Environmental Factors Affecting Transfer of Training: Tehran Municipality Employees
Authors: Abdollahi Mojgan , Daneshmandi Somayeh
Published: August 2017

The present study explored the effect of environmental factors on transfer of training from training courses to the workplace. The study is a quantitative method. The population contained all of the employees participated in the training courses of the population consisted of all Employees who participated in in-service training courses in Tehran Municipality in 2015 (N= 385). The sample included 193 persons selected by simple random sampling technique. The tools used for data collection were questionnaire. The data gathered was analyzed using t-test and exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that the most important factor influencing transfer of training was Opportunity to use capabilities.
Descaso com a Reforma Agrária e Repressão Contra os Movimentos Sociais: representações do MST sobre Collor (1990- 1992)
Authors: Coelho Fabiano
Published: August 2017

O Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), ao longo de suas três décadas de existência se constituiu como um dos movimentos sociais mais expressivos da história do Brasil, tanto por sua longevidade, quanto pelo alcance de suas mobilizações e atuação no cenário político brasileiro. Por suas concepções e posições políticas, o Movimento sempre se declarou oposição aos presidentes brasileiros, exceto, em relação ao presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Nesse sentido, o artigo analisa as representações do MST sobre o presidente Fernando Collor de Mello, por meio do seu periódico, o Jornal Sem Terra, no período em que ocupou a presidência da República (1990-1992). Por uma escolha metodológica as análises concentram-se nos editoriais do periódico, por serem espaços exclusivos da Direção Nacional, que o utiliza para falar em nome do Movimento. A ideia de representação, a partir das contribuições do historiador Roger Chartier, foi significativa para as reflexões do artigo. Ao longo do texto, evidencia-se que Collor foi representado como inimigo dos trabalhadores e da reforma agrária, bem como um presidente autoritário.
Do Pessach à Pascha: ressignificação dos significantes da Páscoa judaica pela Páscoa cristã
Authors: Belmaia Nathany Andrea Wagenheimer
Published: August 2017

Páscoa judaica e cristã são tão distintas quanto pode-se pensar a priori? Através da aplicação do conceito de ressignificação de Todd Holden (2001) às passagens bíblicas relacionadas à Páscoa, este trabalho intenta demonstrar que os relatos cristãos e judaicos estão sob um mesmo pano de fundo estrutural, na medida em que os principais significantes do Pessach são ressignificados pela Páscoa cristã. Para situar a documentação, serão abordadas questões acerca da formação e transmissão da Bíblia hebraica e do Novo Testamento, assim como o rito, narrativas e significantes que compõem o Pessach judaico e a Páscoa cristã, bem como uma discussão de por que a primeira pode ser designada como mito, enquanto a segunda é considerada memória.
O segundo clique da fotografia. Entre o registro e o compartilhamento
Authors: Silva Jr. José Afonso Afonso
Published: August 2017

Este texto analisa as regularidades que constroem o instante na fotografia como modalidade singular do tempo. A partir desse ponto de partida problematiza-se procedimento do clique como resultante que permite a compreensão do instante em uma dimensão extraída do tempo da duração. Assim, o compartilhamento de fotografias em redes sociais seria o componente corrente de subjetividades que deflagra o segundo clique da fotografia: o ato de compartilhar.
O risco do real e emancipação em Moscou: o filme-dispositivo como estratégia de questionamento de dispositivos sociais
Authors: Alvarenga Nilson Assunção , Rocha Thalita Gonçalves
Published: August 2017

Partindo do debate contemporâneo sobre o documentário desde Jean-Louis Comolli, pretende-se uma leitura de Moscou, de Eduardo Coutinho, pensando-o como um filme em que, pela multiplicação de referentes das falas e ações dos atores em cena, abre-se o horizonte de um “risco do real” e assim coloca-se em questão os próprios dispositivos sociais, no sentido foucaultiano.
De keuze tussen strafrechtelijke en bestuursrechtelijke sanctionering en het criterium van de ernstige gedraging
Authors: van der Vorm Benny
Published: August 2017

The choice between criminal and administrative sanctioning and the criterium of serious conduct

In the near future, the legislator will decide on the criteria to be applied to make a choice between the administrative and the criminal justice system. It is a possibility that the legislator will depart from the so-called ‘open context’ and the ‘confined context’. In his Farewell Speech, Rogier pleaded that the severity of behavior should be the criterion to the applied. When behavior can be qualified as ‘serious’ a criminal procedure should take place and if the behavior is ‘less serious’ the administrative procedure has to be chosen.
Hoe werkt vroegsignalering door lokale jongerenwerkers in de strijd tegen terrorisme?
Authors: van de Weert Annemarie , Eijkman Quirine
Published: August 2017

How does early signaling by local youth workers affect the fight against terrorism?

This article analyses whether the local youth worker can operate on the intersection of social welfare and signalling of extremism. Although it is a rare phenomenon, there is a clear message from the government to watch out for the first signs of deviant behavior and unacceptable behavior. However, shouldn’t we ask ourselves whether youth workers are adequately equipped at local level to signal threat? The qualitative results show that in daily practice there is a lack of clear standards which make terminology for social professionals not easily distinguished. In addition their opinion depends largely on their own intuition regarding the issues. This can create side effects which form a risk that the local terrorism policy does not have the intended effect.
Klachtrecht in de care-sector: miniproces of goed gesprek?
Authors: Tiems Simona
Published: August 2017

Complaint or dispute resolution in Dutch health care: a constructive dialogue or a mini trial

Care providers establish often long term relationships with their clients. It is of paramount importance that the threshold for a complaint or dispute resolution is preferably low. Ideally this is not a ‘mini-trial’ in which care provider and client are opposed against each other, but a constructive dialogue at a round table guided by a skillful complaints officer. This is what has been introduced by the Healthcare Quality, Complaints and Disputes Act (the Wkkgz).

The new complaint system introduced with the Wkkgz applies to care covered by the Chronic Care Act (WLZ), the Healthcare Insurance Act (ZVW) and optionally can also apply to care based on the Social Support Act (WMO 2015).

In my opinion it is a missed opportunity that the legislator has not introduced a similar complaint procedure in the Youth Act, but instead has chosen the ‘mini-trial’ option here. Moreover, it is also confusing for care providers and clients to follow different complaints systems next to each other.

Finally, in psychiatric care where decisions of care providers can interfere with the right to self-determination there is a separate complaint procedure with a role for the Family Court. For all other run-of-the mill issues also in the psychiatric care the Wkkgz complaint procedure applies.
Lionfish (Pterois spp.) invade the upper-bathyal zone in the western Atlantic
Authors: Gress Erika , Andradi-Brown Dominic A. , Woodall Lucy , Schofield Pamela J. , Stanley Karl , Rogers Alex D.
Published: August 2017

Non-native lionfish have been recorded throughout the western Atlantic on both shallow and mesophotic reefs, where they have been linked to declines in reef health. In this study we report the first lionfish observations from the deep sea (>200 m) in Bermuda and Roatan, Honduras, with lionfish observed to a maximum depth of 304 m off the Bermuda platform, and 250 m off West End, Roatan. Placed in the context of other deeper lionfish observations and records, our results imply that lionfish may be present in the 200–300 m depth range of the upper-bathyal zone across many locations in the western Atlantic, but currently are under-sampled compared to shallow habitats. We highlight the need for considering deep-sea lionfish populations in future invasive lionfish management.
Assessment of the toxicity of sediment and seawater polluted by the Prestige fuel spill using bioassays with clams (Venerupis pullastra, Tappes decussatus and Venerupis rhomboideus) and the microalga Skeletonema costatum
Authors: Mariño-Balsa JC , Pérez P , Estévez-Blanco P , Saco-Álvarez L , Fernández E , Beiras R
Published: August 2017

In this study we present the early monitoring of the pollution caused by the accident of the Prestige tanker off the Galician coast. To evaluate the toxicity of sediment and water exposed to fuel, three kinds of bioassays were carried out using juvenile clams, clam embryos and microalgae. Firstly, the burrowing behaviour of Venerupis pullastra and Tappes decussatus in the sediment collected from two beaches of similar characteristics but different pollution conditions, was studied over 24 h. No significant differences were observed between the two sediments. Secondly, embryogenesis success of Venerupis rhomboideus was recorded after incubation in seawater and elutriates obtained from affected areas. In this case, fuel-polluted seawater showed a marked inhibition of embryogenesis, while sediment elutriates showed moderate toxicity. Parallel bioassays with the diatom Skeletonema costatum were carried out using sediment elutriates and filtered seawater from the sampling sites. The response variable measured was the maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis (Φpo) using a Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF). In the first sampling, significant differences were found in the response of S. costatum cultured in the elutriates as compared to the control after 5 h exposure. The results corresponding to the second sampling showed statistically significant lower values of Φpo in the culture incubated in M2 water as compared with the control, indicating that the water-accommodated fraction of fuel at this site was the most toxic.
Zinc concentrations in the water column influenced by the oil spill in the vicinity of the Prestige shipwreck
Authors: Prego R , Cobelo-García A
Published: August 2017

Sixteen days after the Prestige tanker sank in the Northeast Atlantic (42º11'N, 12º02'W), a sampling campaign in the neighbouring water column was carried out in order to evaluate the posibility of zinc contamination due to the oil spill. Samples were taken in the water column (0–190 m) and in bottom waters –in the vicinity of the bow and stern– where the tanker lies (3520–3820 m). Total zinc concentrations found ranged from 14 to 571 nM, which are from one to two orders of magnitude higher than typical concentrations in these waters (0.2–3.2 nM). Therefore, a contamination by this metal, contained in the oil spilt from the tanks of the sunken ship, was detected. Zinc was also found to be a good tracer to detect the presence of fuel in those areas free of patches.
Morphodynamics of swash bars in mesotidal exposed beaches of SW Spain
Authors: Anfuso G , Martínez JA , Sánchez F , Benavente J , Andrés J , López-Aguayo F
Published: August 2017

Morphological monitoring of swash bars at different temporal scales was carried out in the southatlantic Spanish coast between Chipiona and Rota. As a result, the main morphometric and morphodynamic characteristics of more than 60 bars were determined. The differences between this type of bars and the classic ridge and runnel were also pointed out. Bars associated with dissipative beaches appeared to be flat, with no siginificant avalanche face. Bars associated to low reflective beaches presented a better development while bars associated to rocky shore-platform beaches showed similar morphologies to those of low reflective beaches. Inner sedimentary structures of bars in dissipative beaches showed laminae parallel to the beach face. When the bars were located at the upper beachface, the avalanche faces showed clear foreset laminae. In this environment, morphodynamics is controlled by different processes depending on wave characteristics, bar form and water level fluctuations during tidal cycles. The temporal distribution of bars is marked by a higher frequency in spring, and lower one in autumn.
Methylmercury and total mercury distribution in tissues of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) and spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) stranded along the lower Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Ruelas-Inzunza JR , Horvat M , Pérez-Cortés H , Páez-Osuna F
Published: August 2017

Four gray whales Eschrichtius robustus and eleven spinner dolphins Stenella longirostris were found stranded along the coasts of the lower Gulf of California, Mexico. Muscle, kidney and liver samples from all the specimens were used for mercury (Hg) analysis. Mean concentrations of total Hg (THg) were significantly different (P < 0.05) in all the tissues of spinner dolphins, resulting in a decreasing order liver>kidney>muscle. Mean values of THg in the three tissues of gray whales were not statistically different. Similarly, methylmercury (MeHg) levels in the analyzed tissues of dolphins and whales were not statistically different. Considering species-related differences, it seems that THg and MeHg levels in the studied marine mammals did not play a key role in the stranding of the specimens, though more studies about the implications of Hg compounds in stranding events are necessary.
Effect of sulfated carrageenan on the cellular response of the lobster Panulirus interruptus
Authors: Soto SA , Viana MT
Published: August 2017

In the present work, the cellular defense reaction of the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus was studied after being inoculated with the sulfated polysaccharide carrageenan. Three in vivo experiments were undertaken, where 0.2 mg mL–1 carrageenan were administered to adult lobsters and hemolymph samples were taken at different times (0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h). The total hemocyte count and the types, such as hyalocytes, granulocytes and large granule granulocytes, were recorded. After 24 h, the total hemocyte count in the control group was lower than that observed in the experimental group. During the in vitro experiments, the percentage of phagocytosis by lobster hemocytes was studied using the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. A phagocytosis of 7.6% to 31.9% was observed using various carrageenan concentrations (0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5%) in the presence of lobster serum, whereas in the reference treatment, E. coli incubated in artificial lobster hemocyte medium showed lower phagocytic activity (6.2% to 22.2%) at the same carrageenan concentrations. It is concluded that lobsters in the presence of a sulfated glycan had a nonspecific response, with the resulting increase in cellular level and indirect phagocytosis stimulation.