bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preface
Authors: Oshima Koichiro
Published: March 2014

The 14th IUPAC International Symposium on Organometallic Chemistry Directed Towards Organic Synthesis (OMCOS-14) was held in Nara, Japan, 2-6 August 2007, under the auspices of IUPAC, and with cosponsorship of the Science Council of Japan and the Chemical Society of Japan. OMCOS-14 was held at Nara Centennial Hall, surrounded by National Treasures including eight World Heritage assets.

This symposium is a continuation of the successful series of OMCOS meetings, previously held at Geneva (2005), Toronto (2003), Taipei (2001), Versailles (1999), Göttingen (1997), Santa Barbara (1995), Kobe (1993), Utrecht (1991), Florence (1989), Vancouver (1987), Kyoto (1985), Dijon (1983), and Fort Collins (1981). The event once again brought together industrial and academic chemists from all over the world to discuss the latest advances in new metal-mediated and -catalyzed reactions, mechanistic insights into important reactions, new preparations and applications of organometallic reagents, as well as ingenious methods for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials using metals.

Almost 1000 participants attended from 34 countries, one-third of them from abroad. Particularly strong representation from Asian countries such as China, Taiwan, and Korea underscores the remarkable growth of interest and development in organometallic research in these countries.

The scientific program of OMCOS-14 featured 6 plenary lectures, 20 invited lectures, 28 short oral presentations, and one OMCOS Award lecture. The lectures were uniformly outstanding and held the attention of an audience fascinated by the excellent chemistry. One sensed that the warmth of the weather was matched by the warm enthusiasm that prevailed at the venue throughout the meeting. Themes that attracted attention included metal-catalyzed direct functionalization of alkenes, alkynes, and arenes, environmentally benign processes and gold-catalyzed reactions. In a particular highlight, Prof. F. Dean Toste from the University of California, Berkeley received the OMCOS-14 Award (sponsored by the Yen Chuang Foundation and Springer Verlag) for his glorious research on gold-catalyzed reactions.

The scientific program also presented well-supported poster sessions comprising 546 posters of remarkably high quality. On the basis of assessments by distinguished juries, 27 posters were selected for awards of OMCOS-14 Poster Prizes, two of which included free registration for students to participate in the 23rd International Conference on Organometallic Chemistry (ICOMC-2008, co-chaired by Profs. Dixneuf and Bruneau at Rennes, France, 13ñ18 July 2008).

This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry comprises a collection of 40 papers based upon lectures delivered at OMCOS-14. It therefore offers readers an enduring and representative record of the great achievements announced during the symposium. The series continues with OMCOS-15, which will be held in Glasgow, UK (), 26-30 July 2009, under the chairmanship of Prof. Pavel Kočovský.

Koichiro Oshima

Conference Chairman
Preface
Authors: Varfolomeev Sergey , Shevaleevskiy Oleg
Published: March 2014

Since the apparition of the coming energy crises and increased awareness of climate change, various avenues are being explored to replace fossil fuels, with renewable energy from solar power and biomass sources as the most promising. In the last decade, the development of advanced molecular materials and nanotechnologies has initiated a new set of ideas that can dramatically improve energy conversion efficiency and reduce prices of alternative energy sources. It was therefore timely to launch a new initiative as the organization of the interdisciplinary International Conference "Molecular and Nanoscale Systems for Energy Conversion" (MEC-2007), devoted to new research trends in different areas of alternative energetic sources. This event was the first scientific meeting in Russia dealing with the general problems and future challenges in renewable energy conversion.

The Conference was held on 1-3 October 2007 in Moscow at the Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. The Conference featured 11 oral sessions and a general poster session, which was held throughout the entire duration of the event.

Over 200 researchers from 11 countries, including 90 students, participated in the event. The presentations of the latest discoveries included 85 contributed papers and 12 plenary and 9 keynote lectures covering 4 topics: (i) advanced systems for photovoltaics, (ii) new types of fuel cells, (iii) biofuels, and (iv) molecular and nanoscale systems for energy conversion. All submitted abstracts were reviewed by the International Program Committee.

In this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry we introduce a selection of papers based on plenary and keynote lectures delivered at MEC-2007. This volume contains: a discussion of light intensity, asone of the most important factors influencing solar energy conversion (S. D. Varfolomeev, Russia); aviewpoint on future directions in photovoltaics as a new challenge for chemical physics (O. Shevaleevskiy, Russia); a description of new Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells (B. T. Ahn, South Korea); a description of metal cluster-like materials for the molecular oxygen reduction reaction (N. Alonso-Vante, France); an application of biogas and microbial fuel cell technologies for anaerobicdigestion of wastes (S. V. Kalyuzhnyi, Russia); a description of light energy conversion mechanism indual fluorophoreñnitroxide molecules (G. I. Likhtenshtein, Israel); an overview of dangling-bond (DB)defect behavior in nanocrystalline silicon-based films for photovoltaics (K. S. Lim, South Korea); andan approach to the design of low-bandgap polymer solar cells (D. Yu. Paraschuk, Russia). All of thecontributions exemplify the participants' broad range of interests and characterize the new challengesin the area of renewable energy sources.

Sergey Varfolomeev and Oleg Shevaleevskiy

Conference Editors
Preface
Authors: Henry Bryan R.
Published: March 2014

IUPAC is a global, scientific organization that contributes to the worldwide understanding of chemistry and the chemical sciences. It is certainly true that young chemists are shaping our science, and it is important for IUPAC to provide encouragement to our young colleagues. IUPAC accomplishes this goal through the IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists. This prestigious annual prize honors four to five chemists for important and outstanding research carried out during recent Ph.D. studies. The work is mainly judged on the basis of a 1000-word essay which is supported by recommendations from the senior scientist(s) with whom the candidate collaborated.

As immediate Past President of IUPAC, I have had the pleasure of chairing an international prize selection committee of eminent chemists with a wide range of expertise in chemistry that adjudicated essays from 42 applicants from 16 countries. Reading these outstanding essays provided a wonderful overview of new trends in chemistry. Due to the large number of excellent candidates, it was not an easy task to pick the winners, but in the end the committee arrived at a unanimous decision and awarded the 2008 IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists to the following five chemists:

- Emilie V. Banide, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, with a thesis entitled "From allenes to tetracenes: Syntheses, structures and reactivity of the intermediates"

- Christopher Thomas Rodgers, University of Oxford, UK, with a thesis entitled "Magnetic field effects in chemical systems"

- Akinori Saeki, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, with a thesis entitled "Nanometer-scale dynamics of charges generated by radiations in condensed matter"

- Andrea Rae Tao, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, with a thesis entitled "Nanocrystal assembly for bottom-up plasmonic materials"

- Scott Warren, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, with a thesis entitled "Nanoparticle-block copolymer self-assembly"

Each winner received a cash prize of USD 1000 and a trip to the 42nd IUPAC World Chemistry Congress, which will take place in Glascow, Scotland, 2-7 August, 2009. Here the winners will have the opportunity to present their work, which is an important stage of any research project. To reach an even wider audience, the prize winners were invited to submit manuscripts on aspects of their research for publication in Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC). It is a pleasure to see that all five prize winners have taken advantage of this offer. The result is the five refereed papers which contain critical reviews of high quality and appear in this issue of PAC.

Finally, it is an honor and a pleasure to congratulate each of the winners (and their supervisors) for winning the 2008 IUPAC Prize. It is IUPAC's hope that each of them has been encouraged to continue to do exciting research that will contribute to a bright future for the molecular-based sciences, which are so important for our common future.

Bryan R. Henry

IUPAC Immediate Past President and Chairman of the IUPAC Prize Selection Committee
Preface
Authors: Drábik Milan
Published: March 2014

The IUPAC-sponsored Conference on Solid State Chemistry (SSC 2008), the eighth conference in the series since 1986, was held in Bratislava, Slovakia 6-11 July 2008. The first Solid State Chemistry Conference held in Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic, was a nucleus of this series, which has grown over the years and resulted in well-established meetings organized biannually, either in Czech or Slovak Republic. The reader can find examples of feedback on this series in the back issues of Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC), which comprise the papers and opinions of invited speakers of the fifth conference in this series, also IUPAC-sponsored "Solid State Chemistry 2002".

SSC 2008 focused on the branches of solid-state and materials chemistry. The event attracted not only scientists but also the producers of new materials and technologies. Over 200 participants from 29 countries representing Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Africa attended the conference and presented 18 invited talks, 73 lectures, and 146 posters. The scientific program comprised the following seven sessions:

- Synthesis and Characterization of Materials

- Crystal, Electronic, and Magnetic Structure

- Electrochemistry and Molten Salts

- Chemistry of Glasses

- Novel Inorganic Materials and Nanomaterials

- Layered Compounds, Clathrates, and Intercalates

- Deposited Films and Surface Chemistry

The invited lectures together with the rigorous choice of further influential lectures, published in this special issue of PAC, cover each topic of the conference and have been an excellent base for the discussions and represent hints for future development in the field. In addition, the lecturers were given the option of submitting manuscripts of research articles, communications, or reviews based upon their lectures or posters to Chemical Papers and Central European Journal of Chemistry (CEJC). The papers accepted by CEJC have already appeared in Vol. 7, Number 2, June 2009.

The conference was organized by the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, the Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology of Slovak University of Technology, and the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Comenius University. The conference continues to provide a friendly atmosphere for the exchange of new results and ideas among groups active in different areas of solidstate and materials chemistry.

The 9th Conference on Solid State Chemistry will be held in mid-September 2010 in Prague, Czech Republic. A Web page containing an online "expression of interest" form is already active: www.ssc2010.cz. We look forward to meeting the solid-state and materials chemistry community again at this conference.

Milan Drábik

SSC 2008 Conference Editor
Preface
Authors: Gust Devens
Published: March 2014

Extending a long history of successful conferences, the XXIInd IUPAC Symposium on Photochemistry was held in Göteborg, Sweden, from 28 July to 1 August 2008. It was attended by participants from 51 countries. The Symposium featured 7 plenary lectures, 12 invited lectures, 96 selected oral presentations, and 414 posters given by attendees. One of the highlights was the presentation of the Porter Medal to Prof. Michael R. Wasielewski of Northwestern University, USA. The title of his lecture was "Photodriven charge and spin dynamics in molecules and materials: From photosynthesis to spintronics."

A featured theme of the Symposium was solar energy conversion in the context of global climate change and the energy crisis. However, a large variety of subjects were covered, including spectroscopy of single molecules and of nanostructures, molecular photochemistry in solution and in microhetero - geneous media, photochemistry of pharmaceuticals, fluorescent markers and sensors, photochemically based molecular logic, supramolecular units mimicking photosynthetic antennas and reaction centers, photopolymerizations and photochemistry in solid state, theoretical considerations and calculations of excited states, and spectroscopic studies of biological photosensors and biomedically important materials. Many of the topics were of both fundamental scientific interest and practical and technological importance. The next Symposium will be held in Ferrara, Italy in 2010.

This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry contains a collection of papers based on plenary and invited lectures given at the Symposium and kindly supplied by the speakers. They cover a variety of modern photochemical topics and appear in the order of their presentation at the Symposium. They help illustrate the vital place of modern photochemistry in promoting the health and welfare of humanity, and indeed of all life on the planet.

Devens Gust
Conference Editor
Preface
Authors: Aguilar Enrique , Valdés Carlos
Published: March 2014

The 9th International Conference on Heteroatom Chemistry (ICHAC-9) was held in the Auditorio Príncipe Felipe of Oviedo, Spain, from 30 June to 4 July 2009. The conference was chaired by Prof. José Barluenga (University of Oviedo, Spain) and attracted about 210 participants, mainly organic and inorganic chemists, from 30 countries all around the world. The scientific program consisted of 9 plenary lectures, 21 invited lectures, 48 short communications, and 68 posters.

This conference explored the state of the art of heteroatom chemistry and focused on the following major themes:

- heteroatom ligands in catalysis

- heteroatoms in organic (non-metal) catalysis

- heteroatoms in medicine

- heteroatom polymers and materials

- heteroatom bonding and synthesis

Besides the collection of 16 papers (based on plenary and invited lectures with the choice of oral contributions) included in this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the ICHAC-9 Book of Abstracts remains available online and can be free downloaded from  in pdf format.

ICHAC will return to its origins for its 10th meeeting, and, therefore, ICHAC-10 will be held in Kyoto (Japan) in 2011 and will be hosted by Prof. Norihiro Tokitoh of Kyoto University. It is confidently expected that the conference will continue to fulfill its important scientific role in highlighting ongoing advances in heteroatom chemistry.

The organizers are grateful to all who contributed to a successful scientific program, especially to the speakers and to our public and private sponsors: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain), Consejería de Educación y Ciencia del Principado de Asturias (by Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación-PCTI Asturias), Ayuntamiento de Oviedo, Universidad de Oviedo, Fundación Universidad de Oviedo, Lilly, Bruker and Scharlab and the Organic Division of the Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry (Grupo Especializado en Química Orgánica de la RSEQ). Finally, in particular, we would like to thank all contributors to this issue for their timely efforts and the editorial staff for their help.

Enrique Aguilar and Carlos Valdés

Conference Editors
Preface
Authors: Kočovský Pavel
Published: March 2014

The International Conference on Organometallic Chemistry Directed Towards Organic Synthesis (OMCOS) traditionally brings together chemists from industry and academia from all over the world to present and discuss the latest advances in new metal-catalyzed and -mediated reactions, novel preparations and reactions of organometallic reagents, mechanistic insight into important metal-based reactions, and new or improved methods for the synthesis of functional molecules and materials, in which the metal plays a key role.

The symposium came to the UK for the first time, following the successful series of OMCOS meetings held in Fort Collins (1981), Dijon (1983), Kyoto (1985), Vancouver (1987), Florence (1989), Utrecht (1991), Kobe (1993), Santa Barbara (1995), Göttingen (1997), Versailles (1999), Taipei (2001), Toronto (2003), Geneva (2005), and Nara (2007). Since Glasgow is the hometown of Peter Pauson, who can be regarded as the founding father of the OMCOS agenda, one can even say that OMCOS came home, after so many years. The symposium was held in the modern Royal Concert Hall in the heart of Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland and the birthplace of the industrial revolution. About 500 participants attended the symposium; particularly large delegations arrived from Japan, Germany, China, and the UK.

The symposium program featured 5 plenary lectures, 18 invited lectures, 15 short communications, and one OMCOS Award Lecture (sponsored by Springer Verlag). The topics spanned the broadest area of the OMCOS agenda; particularly interesting was the direct comparison of the two approaches to metathesis, as illustrated by the key players themselves, Profs. Bob Grubbs and Richard Schrock. A number of contributions were focused on C–H activation, which culminated in the lecture delivered by Prof. Keith Fagnou of the University of Ottawa, Canada, the recipient of the OMCOS Award. Those who attended the symposium, as well as the international chemistry community, were then shocked a few months later by learning that this brilliant young scientist became a victim of the swine flu; he will be remembered by all of us.

About 350 poster presentations further contributed to this exciting event and highlighted the strength, diversity, and novelty with which this science is being practiced. On the basis of the assessment by a distinguished international jury, 12 posters were selected for OMCOS-15 Poster Awards, sponsored by Springer Verlag.

This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry comprises a collection of 19 papers based on the lectures delivered at OMCOS-15, thereby offering the readers a glimpse of the fascinating chemical achievements communicated at the symposium.

The series will continue with OMCOS-16, which will be held in Shanghai, China, 24-28 July 2011, under the chairmanship of Profs. Shengming Ma and Kuiling Ding (www.omcos16.org).

Pavel Kočovský

Conference Chair
Preface
Authors: Scandola Franco
Published: March 2014

Latest in a long series of successful conferences, the XXIIIrd IUPAC Symposium on Photochemistry was held in Ferrara, Italy on 11-16 July 2010. The conference venues were the Opera Theatre and the Estense Castle, in the historic center of the city. The contrasting mix of modern science and ancient environment was a special trait of the Ferrara symposium.

The symposium was attended by over 500 delegates (including some 130 Ph.D. students) from 40 different countries. The scientific program consisted of 8 plenary lectures, 23 invited lectures, 97 selected oral presentations, as well as 354 posters. A highlight of the symposium was the presentation of the Porter Medal to Prof. David Phillips of Imperial College London, UK, in recognition of his outstanding contributions to several fields of photochemistry. The title of his lecture was “Targeted sensitizers for photodynamic therapy”.

The wide variety of fields encompassed by modern photochemistry is reflected by the list of sessions held within the symposium: Electron and Energy Transfer, Molecular Switches and Machines, Organic Photochemistry, Inorganic Photochemistry, Photochromic Systems, Solar Energy, Supramolecular Photochemistry, Nanoparticles, Photocatalysis, Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Theoretical Photochemistry, Exciton and Charge Dynamics, Microscopy, Nanoscopic Systems, Singlet Oxygen and Phototherapy, Photobiology, Fluorescent Labels, Photoactive Materials, Applied Photochemistry, and Organized Media. Most of the topics discussed were characterized by a fertile combination of fundamental insight, advanced techniques, and practical application.

This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry collects a number of papers based on plenary and invited lectures delivered at the symposium. I hope that this collection will help illustrate modern photochemistry not only as a lively and exciting research field but also as a powerful resource toward the solution of important practical problems.

Franco Scandola

Conference Editor
Preface
Authors: Akaogi Masaki , Aratono Makoto
Published: March 2014

The 21st International Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics (ICCT-2010) was held in Tsukuba, Japan, on 1–6 August 2010, by the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics (IACT) under the sponsorship of IUPAC. The organizing committee was chaired by Prof. T. Atake. The conference attracted more than 600 scientists from 37 different countries. During the conference period, the Rossini lecture and 9 plenary lectures were delivered. Forty invited papers and approximately 200 contributed papers were presented in 7 parallel sessions, together with about 300 poster presentations. The wide variety of fields in chemical thermodynamics is illustrated by the titles of a number of the symposia: “Fluids and fluid mixtures”, “Phase equilibria”, “Foods and pharmaceuticals”, “Biothermodynamics”, “Colloids and interfaces”, “Thermochemistry and molecular energetics”, “Environmental issues”, “Industrial applications, databases and software”, “Theory and simulation”, “Organic materials and polymers”, “Inorganic materials and metals”, “New techniques”, “Education in chemical thermodynamics”, and a special session in honor of Profs. S. Seki and H. Suga. As part of the scientific program, two workshops were also held, the titles of which are: “Energy in subsections on petroleum, coal and alternative sources”, and “Calorimetry with commercial relaxation instruments”.

This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry collects four selected plenary lectures delivered at the conference. The topics include challenges in teaching thermodynamics, new equations-of-state model of fluids and their mixtures, Gibbs energy minimization method in multiphase equilibria, and critical evaluation of thermophysical properties database in chemical process simulation. In these papers, we hope that the readers find the essence of the various aspects of current exciting research in chemical thermodynamics, which were exhibited in a lively manner during this successful conference. Other general papers presented in the symposia and workshops will be published in J. Chem. Thermodynamics, Thermochimica Acta, and Molecular Simulation.

The 22nd ICCT is scheduled to be held August 2012 in Búzios, Brazil.

Masaki Akaogi

Makoto Aratono

Conference Editors
Preface
Authors: Plakatouras John C.
Published: March 2014

It is a privilege to act as the conference editor for this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) dedicated to the 12th Eurasia Conference on Chemical Sciences (EuAsC2S-12). The Eurasia Conferences on Chemical Sciences started in Bangkok in 1988 under the leadership of the founders, Bernd M. Rode (Austria), Hitoshi Ohtaki (Japan), and Ivano Bertini (Italy), together with Salag Dhabandana (Bangkok).

During the preparation of the present issue of PAC, on 7 July 2012, Ivano Bertini, leading scientist in chemistry and biology, passed away. We will always remember him for his unselfish leadership and enormous contribution in paramagnetic NMR.

The aim of the conferences is to foster friendship and exchange of knowledge between chemists in the Eurasian supercontinent as well as those in the Americas and Australia. While all previous conferences have been held in Asia or the Middle East, EuAsC2S-12 took place at the Hotel Corfu Chandris, on the island of Corfu, Greece, on 16-21 April 2012 with the aim of encouraging and enhancing the participation of European scientists and thus help to make them better known. EuAsC2S-12 was organized by the University of Ioannina on the Greek mainland with Emeritus Prof. Nick Hadjiliadis as Chair of the local organizing committee.

The total number of participants was 450, with ca. 400 active delegates from 60 countries. The scientific program comprised 14 sessions, each of which was represented by invited speakers and further oral presentations on the following topics:

- bioinorganic chemistry

- pharmaceutical chemistry and drug design

- organic synthesis and natural products

- environmental and green chemistry

- physical chemistry and spectroscopy

- theoretical and computational chemistry

- organometallic chemistry and catalysis

- clinical biochemistry and molecular diagnostics

- coordination chemistry and inorganic polymers

- analytical and solution chemistry

- supramolecular chemistry and nanomaterials

- food chemistry

- chemical education

- polymer science

The scientific program, which was accompanied by a rich social activities program, included 9 plenary lectures, 214 oral presentations, and 190 poster presentations.

The collection of 13 papers in this issue of PAC is a representation of the topics related to inorganic chemistry, covered in the lectures held during EuAsC2S-12. The papers represent a good cross-section of major themes ranging from traditional coordination chemistry, bio inorganic chemistry, supramolecular coordination chemistry, catalysis, and inorganic materials.

The 13th Eurasia conference will be held in India in December 2014 with Prof. N. Jayaraman, Bangalore as head of the organizing committee.

John C. Plakatouras

Conference Editor
Preface
Authors: Burrows Hugh D. , Valente Artur J. M.
Published: March 2014

The XXIVth IUPAC Symposium on Photochemistry was held in the old university city of Coimbra, Portugal from 15 to 20 July 2012, and welcomed 640 participants from 53 countries presenting their research on this important area of chemistry. This series of meetings started in Strasbourg in July 1964 as the International Symposium on Organic Photochemistry, organized by George Hammond and J. Levisalles. Subsequent symposia have seen the meeting expand to embrace all areas of photochemistry. The program topics of the Coimbra symposium ranged from materials aspects of photochemistry through nanostructures and nanomaterials to mechanistic and synthetic aspects of organic photochemistry, photobiology, photomedicine and skin photochemistry, applied photochemistry, and photochemistry and cultural heritage.

The symposium had 8 plenary lectures, 22 invited lectures, 105 oral communications, and more than 400 posters, confirming the vitality of this area of chemistry. It is difficult to pinpoint specific highlights, as these depend very much on one's personal interests, but one of the most important presentations was undoubtedly Tom Meyer's Porter Medal Lecture on metal-to-ligand charge-transfer states in polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes and related systems. An IUPAC Photochemistry Symposium was previously held in Portugal, in Lisbon, in 1986, and it is interesting to note that Prof. Meyer also gave a plenary lecture there addressing some of the fundamental photophysics of these systems [Pure Appl. Chem.58, 1193 (1986)]. It is refreshing to see how these have developed from pure science to practical applications.

George Porter gave a plenary lecture at the Lisbon symposium in 1986 on the first nanoseconds of photosynthesis. Developments in instrumentation in the intervening 26 years now make interrogation of excited-state behavior on the femtosecond timescale relatively straightforward, and as various presentations in this volume and in the symposium demonstrate, are helping unravel the importance of early events in many photochemical and photobiological processes.

In addition to the lectures and poster presentations, the program also included a number of awards for young photochemists and posters, and a variety of social activities, including canoeing on the local River Mondego.

We believe that the scientific program has maintained the excellent tradition of the IUPAC Photochemistry Symposia in showing that this continues to be a vibrant, exciting interdisciplinary area of research. This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry contains a number of the plenary and invited lectures from the symposium, which we feel mirror the current state of the art of photochemistry as a dynamic and important field of chemistry.

Hugh D. Burrows

J. Sérgio Seixas de Melo

Artur J. M. Valente

Conference Editors
Rob Armstrong – over 40 years of outstanding guitar making in England’s heartland
Authors: Pedgley Owain , Norman Eddie
Published: March 2014

This ‘portrait’ provides a timely look at the work and thoughts of Rob Armstrong, one of the United Kingdom’s most prolific and well-known acoustic guitar makers. For over 40 years, Rob has been hand crafting exceptional musical instruments from the modest facilities of his garden shed at the end of his Coventry garden. With a reputation as a formidable innovator rather than being satisfied with reproducing standardized instruments, this article seeks to understand Rob’s approach to his trade, the nuances in his making activities, and his unending motivation and curiosity to keep pushing the boundaries of acoustic guitar design and construction. On 23 July 2013, the authors made a special visit to Rob’s premises to witness his latest work and to engage in a revealing conversation about his love of guitars and his passion for crafting outstanding instruments.
Mapping ‘Place’ in Southeast Australia: Crafting a possum skin cloak
Authors: McGaw Janet
Published: March 2014

Prior to European colonization, Aboriginal people from the southeast of Australia made cloaks from the skins of possums, a small furry marsupial. The place-stories of their country were inscribed on the back of the skins identifying their personal connection to clan and tribe. By the late twentieth century, it was thought that both the skills of making them and the knowledge of country they held had been lost. However, since the turn of this century, there has been a revival of this craft practice led by Aboriginal artists. This article will present work in progress of a creative research project with Indigenous people from southeast Australian tribal groups led by the author of this article. Each Aboriginal language group in the southeastern state of Victoria has been asked to contribute one possum skin, etched with images that represent their particular ‘country’, or clan’s lands. The ambition is to stitch them together to create a new state map. The article will consider the complex relationship between knowing and making that is evident in the practice of inscribing stories of country on possum skins and will suggest that it provides a timely critique on western mapping traditions. The article will also reflect on the nature of intercultural craft collaborations between non-Indigenous academics and traditional owners and draw connections with a larger project of decolonizing settler place-making practices.
Publication Review
Authors: Cummings Keith
Published: March 2014

LINKS: Australian Glass and the Pacific Northwest, Vicki Halper (ed.) (2013) Tacoma, WA, USA: Museum of Glass and Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 180pp., ISBN: 978-0-295-99265-5, h/bk, £42.00
Conference Review
Authors: Nimkulrat Nithikul
Published: March 2014

The 5th International Congress of International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR 2013) Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, 26–30 August 2013
Advancing textile craft through innovation: The influence and legacy of Jack Lenor Larsen
Authors: Watson Zollinger Stephanie
Published: March 2014

Jack Lenor Larsen Incorporated was founded in 1953 and quickly became one of the world’s leading textile producers, specializing in high-end fabrics for use in interior environments. Larsen was an innovative designer and businessman who made significant contributions to the textile and design industries. Archival research and interviews with Larsen and his former designers, executives, employees and colleagues were conducted to identify the ways in which Larsen advanced the textile industry. Analysis of the data found that Larsen innovated in three areas of the textile industry: technology, globalization and corporate branding. His technology innovations provided the industry with new manufacturing techniques while producing consistently high-quality textiles. Larsen drew inspiration for design and manufacturing from his international work; he globalized the textile world. His business flourished through his ability to innovate in textile design and manufacturing in ways that gave Jack Lenor Larsen Incorporated visibility as one of the first corporate brands.
‘A story is not a story but a conference’: Story conferences and the classical studio system
Authors: Tieber Claus
Published: March 2014

In analyzing the script development of Grand Hotel (1932, Edmund Goulding), this article brings an insight into the workings of the classical studio system and the way screenwriting was organized and understood during this era. The protocols of story conferences that took place at MGM under the leadership of producer Irving Thalberg deliver an exhaustive picture of the whole process, from the first screen idea, to getting the rights for a novel, to the final discussions after the screening of a rough cut. The protocols deliver evidence of screenwriting as an ongoing work in progress that was done not by a single screenwriter, but by a group of film-makers, constantly discussing all elements of the production. The concerns of the participants of these conferences included more than just storytelling; they also focused on the emotional reactions of the audience and the presentation of stars. The criteria these decisions were based upon are not ‘rules’ of storytelling, but reasonable assumptions about the audience’s reactions. Screenwriting within the studio system was not an ongoing fight between screenwriters and producers, but an ongoing discussion about every detail of a film, constituting a rather modern and democratic system of film development.
The pragmatic modernist: William Faulkner’s craft and Hollywood’s networks of production
Authors: Robbins Ben
Published: March 2014

This article analyzes the screenplays and treatments for two highly popular and critically acclaimed films, To Have and Have Not (1944) and Mildred Pierce(1945), on which Faulkner worked as a salaried screenwriter for Warner Brothers. Faulkner’s collaborative writing for To Have and Have Not demonstrates his ability to participate in and extend the construction of the cinematic archetype of the Hawksian woman on the level of action and language, a portrayal that both develops and transcends the portrayal of women within his own fiction. The article also illuminates the process through which Faulkner recycled content across the high–low cultural divide, borrowing from himself to include a hybrid scene from his modernist masterwork Absalom, Absalom! (1936) in Mildred Pierce, a noir melodrama starring Joan Crawford. The article further illustrates how Faulkner reconciled himself to the narrative mode of Hollywood through his use of ‘charged realism’. As such, Faulkner’s work for the screen would seem to confound a number of presumed modernist imperatives for artistic practice: autonomy, organic production, breaking with the past, formal innovation and disdain for objective realism. The article concludes by suggesting a way to reconcile the divergent skill bases of Faulkner’s screenwriting and modernist fiction by showing how he was able to imaginatively adapt his craft to inhabit and revisualize the structures of both genres.
The perceptual world of a virtual Umwelt
Authors: Aguilera Julieta
Published: March 2014

Real-time computer graphics and complex sensory input challenge past assumptions of highly constrained metaphors based on static imagery. Access to research and gaming interfaces have popularized the understanding of tracking technologies that tailor interaction to ambulatory displacement and dexterous handling of objects, expanding the realm of metaphors from visual to physical phenomena. But behaviour and the mind have been studied far before there were real-time computer graphics or digitally created synthetic environments. Dynamic relationships between environment, body and thought are being dissected today by neuro-scientific research, and, conversely, synthetic environments are being utilized to address psychological disorders. This article examines research on scientific and philosophical fields that advance the definition of representation, from an image-based realm as limited by previous popular media to an understanding of action and immersion, where attention is activated by change, and rooted in the body. From this perspective, the advent of embodied representation may not be as much of a change of medium, but the perceptual relation with the medium, the medium being a created Umwelt, where the virtual world builds the mind through the body.
‘Half Tiger’: An interrogation of digital and mobile street culture and aesthetic practice in Johannesburg and Nairobi
Authors: Bristow Tegan
Published: March 2014

In South African slang ‘Half-Tiger’ refers to five rand, half of a ‘Tiger’ (ten rand) and amounts to approximately 60 US cents. It is at the ‘Half-Tiger’ level of commerce where contemporary and deeply afro-urban digital cultural practice is found. A mass street level culture that in East Africa is driven by the mobile phone as socio-political development tool. And in South Africa by a booming media industry that has been hacked and gone viral. These cultures augment music, fashion, politics and social shifts with a digital aesthetic unique to each city. The article addresses mobile and digital culture in the two cities and compares the effect of mobile technology and its residue in the cultural practices of these very diverse urban environments. I will be addressing the work of key artists and musicians, looking closely at how they respond aesthetically and in a uniquely afro-urban way to a shifting engagement with digital mobile media and networked social practices.
Image as a technology of being and becoming
Authors: Earhart Blanka
Published: March 2014

Presently we are experiencing a world where distributed information reshapes human modes of expression and being. The avalanche of images presented to us daily shifts our attention between numerous contexts and systems of meaning. Faced with the intensity of this broadcast, one tends to turn to abbreviations and flattening of the message. Jacques Rancier talks about aesthetics as a form of disconnected experience, which operates as a disinterested gaze. The disconnection serves as a coping mechanism allowing one to function within the informational deluge. On the other hand, this flattening of an image does not represent the whole truth. Behind every image one senses a depth of meanings, which gives rise to a particular manifestation. In this article, I propose that image hides a being, which through that image individuates itself. While the acquisition of specific qualities constitutes this process of individuation, the being is the motion and agency enabling the process. Culture can be seen as technology and prosthesis, which facilitates memory of our mortality and forces us to individuate. Following this logic, image as part of culture is a technology of being.
Objects of affect: The domestication of ubiquity
Authors: Didakis Stavros , Phillips Mike
Published: March 2014

This article contextualizes digital practices within architectural spaces, and explores the opportunities of experiencing and perceiving domestic environments with the use of media and computing technologies. It suggests methods for the design of reflexive and intimate interiors that provide informational, communicational, affective, emotional and supportive properties according to embedded sensorial interfaces and processing systems. To properly investigate these concepts, a fundamental criterion is magnified and dissected: dwelling, as an important ingredient in this relationship entails the magical power to merge physical environment with the psyche of inhabitants. For this reason, a number of views are presented and discussed, providing necessary conditions to include matters of affectivity, ubiquity and layering complexity of interior space. Moreover, specific processes of the possibilities of the digital are mentioned, and examples are presented of the infusion and diffusion of ubiquitous computing technologies within domestic spaces. To briefly conclude, this article is an attempt to discuss the relationship of human-architecture-computer symbiosis and the design process of creative and innovative spaces that affect states of memory, perception, experience, as well as mood and emotion.
Quantum information traced back to ancient Egyptian mysteries
Authors: Quehenberger Renate
Published: March 2014

There are strong indications that ancient Egyptian mythology contains knowledge of the nature of space up to higher dimensions and provides ontologic answers to the question about the creation of matter. This article examines the pentagonal interpretation of the myth of Isis and Osiris by comparing the iconographic details with recent findings from the art research project Quantum Cinema, where an interdisciplinary group of digital artists and scientists established a virtual space model for visualizing the usually non-perceivable processes in the microcosm on a Planck scale. At this scale, quantum mechanics applied to space itself leads to a discrete amount of quantum states. For this research, a new geometrical tool proved invaluable: the epitahedron. The double heptahedron named epitahedron (E±), a 3D Penrose kites and darts representation, confines the dodecahedron in many ways and seems to be Plato’s fifth element. It is a 5D space cell, decorated with fragments of circles, which allows to visualize the permutations of symmetry elements within a discrete lattice (Z5). This higher-dimensional configuration is also the appropriate space to create a quantum-mechanical depiction of particles with inherent wave-like character by means of 3D animated geometry. Disguised in a mythological language the same subscendent space structure with the same golden polytope (E±) can be revealed: is this the origin of the concept of aether, the quintessence model which was a basic scientific task for the last 2500 years?
António Oliveira Marreca: um economista no parlamento
Authors: Bastien Carlos , Campos Cecília
Published: March 2014

António Oliveira Marreca foi um economista português (e por um breve período também professor de economia política) de meados do século XIX que, apartir de uma certa fase, se revelou desalinhado do cânone liberal dominante e se aproximou das perspectivas do “sistema nacional de economia política”. A sua acção enquanto economista teórico e enquanto doutrinador do nacionalismo desenvolvimentista foi já estudada. A sua intervenção no campo da política económica e financeira permanece mais obscura. Caracterizar as posições que Oliveira Marreca assumiu neste último plano – em especial no âmbito da sua actividade parlamentar –, avaliar o respectivo impacto e esclarecer a forma como tais posições se articularam com as concepções económicas mais gerais deste autor e da sua época são os objectivos deste paper.
O efeito da família jurídica na transposição da directiva das ofertas públicas de aquisição
Authors: Alves Carlos F.
Published: March 2014

A Directiva das OPA conferiu alguns graus de liberdade aos Estados-membros. O nível real de harmonização do regime anti-takeover obtido na UE após a transposição da Directiva foi, concomitantemente, reduzido. Neste estudo indagou-se sobre se a hierarquia de sistemas jurídicos, no que respeita à protecção dos investidores, estabelecida por La Porta et al. (1998), teve reflexo na transposição da Directiva, tendo-se concluído que os países de família jurídica do tipo civil law de origem francesa adoptaram soluções menos favoráveis ao funcionamento do mercado de controlo de empresas que os demais. Porém, os países com civil law de origem escandinava ou alemã adoptaram, em geral, soluções mais favoráveis ao funcionamento desse mercado do que os países de common law. Além disso, encontrou-se evidência de que os países efectuaram as suas escolhas em conformidade com a importância dos respectivos mercados de capitais.
A reforma de 2007 do sistema público de pensões em Portugal: uma análise crítica das escolhas normativas implícitas
Authors: Murteira Maria Clara
Published: March 2014

No presente artigo defende-se a necessidade de atribuir um papel central à função social dos sistemas de pensões no processo de formulação de políticas neste domínio, avaliando os efeitos das medidas adoptadas sobre os níveis de rendimento garantidos. Seguindo esta linha argumentativa, efectua-se uma avaliação crítica da reforma de 2007 do sistema de pensões em Portugal. Desenvolvida com o intuito de assegurar o equilíbrio financeiro do sistema, a reforma é objecto de crítica por duas razões fundamentais: pelo seu impacto negativo no bem-estar dos pensionistas; e por se afigurar metodologicamente inconsistente na óptica da política social, pois realiza o ajustamento através da diminuição da garantia de rendimento, negligenciando os objectivos sociais do sistema. Finalmente, propõe-se uma metodologia alternativa de formulação de políticas que principia pela definição de objectivos para a garantia de rendimento na reforma.
Tomás Cabreira: um economista político num país de "finanças avariadas"
Authors: Nunes Ana Bela
Published: March 2014

Tomás António da Guarda Cabreira (1865-1918) destacou-se como economista e político através de uma ampla e diversificada obra escrita sobre temas económicos e financeiros, através de uma curta intervenção política como deputado e senador a partir de 1911 e como Ministro das Finanças entre Fevereiro e Junho de 1914. A análise dos principais aspectos do seu pensamento político-económico, revelados em especial na sua abordagem dos problemas financeiros portugueses, são o objectivo principal deste trabalho. Tomás Cabreira revela-se do ponto de vista doutrinário e teórico um economista liberal, pragmático e eclético.
Equidade: a chave para explicar os tarifários de água em Portugal?
Authors: Martins Rita , Quintal Carlota , Pimentel Ana Pimentel
Published: March 2014

Em face de uma lacuna da literatura relacionada com a abordagem da equidade no sector da água, o objectivo do presente artigo é averiguar se os tarifários de serviços de abastecimento de água nos municípios portugueses incorporam preocupações de equidade entre classes de rendimento. Procede-se, para tanto, à determinação de quantidades mínimas essenciais de água e ao seu confronto com o limite do primeiro escalão de consumo em cada concelho. Numa etapa seguinte, por intermédio da elaboração de rankings relativos aos encargos inerentes ao consumo dessas quantidades essenciais e aos rendimentos médios da família representativa de cada concelho, em conjunto com metodologias baseadas no traçado de curvas de concentração e no cálculo de índices de concentração, conclui-se que existe regressividade nos pagamentos, ou seja, iniquidade favorável às famílias (concelhos) de rendimentos mais elevados.