bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Floors number influence on the instability parameter of reinforced concrete frame-braced buildings
Authors: ELLWANGER R. J.
Published: November 2019

Abstract This work aims to investigate the floors number influence on the instability parameter limit α1 of reinforced concrete frame-braced buildings; it succeeds another work in this field of knowledge, in which the same question was investigated for wall- and core-braced buildings. Initially, it is showed how the ABNT NBR 6118:2014 (Brazilian code for concrete structures design) defines when a second order analysis is needed. Topics concerning to physical nonlinearity consideration and to the lateral deflection components of frames are also presented. It follows an analytical study that led to the derivation of a method for determining the limit α1 as a function of the floors number and the relation between bending and shear stiffness. Finally, some examples are presented and their results are used for checking the method accuracy.
Study of the influence of compressive strength concrete on columns during the design of a multi-floor building
Authors: FREGONEZI G. M. , WUTZOW W. W. , VANDERLEI R. D.
Published: November 2019

Abstract This work aims to analyze the influence of the compressive strength of concrete columns in the design of a multi-floor building using the CAD/TQS computational tool. The strengths of the columns varied in increments of 5 MPa, from 35 MPa to 90 MPa, with a 35 MPa resistance in the remaining structural elements. Analyses of the horizontal deformability, stability parameters, and optimized sections, as well as quantities and cost of the main materials used (concrete, steel, and formwork), were performed. As a result, a 32% reduction to the total area of the columns was achieved; consequently, a reduction in material quantities and the total cost of the building was also achieved. Thus, greater durability was provided without major costs or loss in structural safety.
Assessment of concrete anisotropy by means of compression and indirect tensile tests
Authors: KOSTESKI L. E. , MARANGON E. , RIERA J. D.
Published: November 2019

Abstract In reinforced concrete structural analysis and design it is normally assumed that the material is globally isotropic and homogeneous. Local departures from this model generally exert a minor influence on observed response and are therefore disregarded. There is overwhelming evidence, however, that in normal concrete there is some degree of meso-scale orthotropic behavior, which results from gravitational effects during concrete casting and hardening. In the present paper, results of compression tests, as well as indirect tensile tests using cylindrical samples, are reported. These tests confirm that both the unconfined compressive strength as well as the indirect tensile strength determined on cylindrical samples are perceptibly influenced by the angle between the sample axis and the vertical orientation during casting. It was determined that the ratio between the unconfined compressive strength of a C50 concrete mix measured in cylindrical samples cast in horizontal position and the strength of samples cast in horizontal position is on average 0.85. Similarly, the tensile strength of concrete in the vertical direction is, on average, also about 15% smaller than the strength determined employing standard laboratory tests.
Experimental evaluation on the structural behavior of truss shear connectors in composite steel-concrete beams
Authors: BARBOSA W. C. S. , BEZERRA L. M. , CHATER L. , CAVALCANTE O. R. O.
Published: November 2019

Abstract The composite structures have great advantages in terms of structural and constructive aspects, with the shear connectors being decisive for obtaining the interaction between the structural elements and for the distribution of the stresses in the structure, taking advantage of the potentiality of each constituent material of the composite structure (steel and concrete). This work, through experimental studies, presents the development of a shear connector (Truss connector) proposed for use in a concrete-steel composite beam. The proposed connector is easy to implement and can serve as a viable alternative to the use of stud or U connectors. It was idealized a connector geometry that would provide low production cost, ease of execution, higher values of resistant load, efficiency as regards the relative sliding resistance between the metal profile and the concrete slab, as well as the efficiency regarding the resistance to the spacing of the slabs in relation to the metal profile (uplift). In order to evaluate the behavior of Truss connectors, 6 experimental models were constructed for push-out tests, 3 with 12.5 mm diameter Truss connectors and 3 with 19.0 mm diameter stud bolt connectors. The behavior of the models was investigated with respect to the loads of rupture, the transversal displacements between the concrete slabs and the relative vertical slide between the reinforced concrete slabs and the metallic profiles of the models. The results of the experimental analyzes provided an overview of the operation of the Truss and stud bolt connectors, with significant results that showed advantages of the Truss connector in relation to the stud connector considering the parameters analyzed in this work.
Comparative analysis of normative provisions for seismic design and detailing of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: RODRIGUES R. A. , MAZZILLI C. E. N. , BITTENCOURT T. N.
Published: November 2019

Abstract The main objective of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis between the methods and provisions of the Brazilian code ABNT NBR 15421:2006 and those of the ASCE/SEI 7 and the Eurocode 8, on the seismic design of structures. The similarities and differences between these standards, as far as the application of the Equivalent Lateral Forces method (ELFM) and the Response Spectrum method (RSM) are concerned, will be addressed. The responses will be evaluated for a case study that will be modelled by the SCIA Engineer 17 software. This paper also presents some comments on the detailing of reinforced concrete structures to ensure a good performance under seismic loading, allowing for a more favourable interpretation of the seismic analysis results.
Um ensaio biográfico: memórias do professor Sven Robert Schulze
Authors: Hass da Silva Eduardo Cristiano , Duarte Ariane Dos Reis , Grazziotin Luciane Sgarbi Santos
Published: November 2019

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar nuances da vida de Sven Robert Schulze, indivíduo que esteve à frente da fundação, da gestão e da docência da Escola Técnica de Comércio (ETC) do Colégio Farroupilha de Porto Alegre/RS (1950-1983). Utilizam-se as teorias e os conceitos da História Cultural, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao gênero biográfico em articulação com a História da Educação. A investigação recorre a materiais empíricos diversos (documentos escritos, fotografias e narrativas de memória). Identificam-se elementos da vida do indivíduo biografado como contador, empresário, conselheiro, professor, pai e, em especial, como idealizador e organizador da ETC Farroupilha. Os apontamentos finais demonstram como esse ensaio biográfico contribui para uma reflexão sobre a História da Educação Brasileira, no que diz respeito à participação do indivíduo e às suas singularidades nesse contexto.
SNP Calling and VCF Filtering Pipeline v1
Authors: Renee Bellinger M
Published: November 2019

SNP-calling and genotype filtering using bowtie2, samtools, bcftools, and vcftools This pipeline was used for calling SNPs using GBS data obtained from Taro Leaf Blight resistant mapping population of taro, Colocasia Esculenta mapped to a taro genome assembled from 10x Genomics linked-reads and Oxford Nanopore Technology long-reads. The genotype filtering is meant to be done in a single job submission on a linux machine (this was run using 20 cores with 120 Gb RAM and takes two to three days). The file "1_SNP_calling.txt" contains steps for calling SNPs from demultiplexed GBS data and filtering vcf files (these are broken out in "Steps". The file "2_genome_analysis" contains steps for running NLR-Annotator and Mummer with Nucmer algorithm to generate synteny plots. This is not broken out in steps
Bench top CUT&Tag with antibodies-online™ CUT&RUN Sets v1
Authors: Online Gmbh Antibodies
Published: November 2019

CUT&RUN (Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease) offers a novel approach to pursue epigenetics. The method is designed to map genome wide transcription factor binding sites, chromatin-associated complexes, and histone variants and post-translational modifications. In CUT&Tag is performed in situ on immobilized, intact cells without crosslinking. DNA fragmentation is achieved using micrococcal nuclease that is fused to Protein A and/or Protein G (pA/G-MNase). The fusion protein is directed to the desired target through binding of the Protein A/G moiety to the Fc region of an antibody bound to the target. DNA under the target is subsequently cleaved and released and the pA/G-MNase-antibody- chromatin complex is free to diffuse out of the cell. DNA cleavage products are extracted and then processed by next generation sequencing (NGS). All steps from live cells to sequencing-ready libraries can be performed in a single tube on the benchtop or a microwell in a high-throughput pipeline, and the entire procedure can be performed in one day.
Prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression and evaluation of microsatellite instability status in patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas
Authors: Bugaev V. Е. , Nikulin M. P. , Pospekhova N. I. , Safronova V. M. , Kokosadze N. V. , Bozhchenko Ya. A. , Nered S. N. , Lyubchenko L. N. , Stilidi I. S.
Published: November 2019

Background. Leiomyosarcoma is one of the most common types of soft tissue sarcomas. Radical surgical resection with subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy remain the most effective treatment approach. Immunotherapy based on inhibition of PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1) or its receptor PD1 (programmed death 1) is considered a promising treatment option. Level of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and presence of microsatellite instability (МSI) could be considered prognostic and predictive markers of disease progression and effectiveness of immunotherapy.

The study objective is to determine PD-L1 expression level and МSI status in patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas and evaluate their effect on overall and recurrence-free survival.

Materials and methods. The study included 57 patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas who underwent surgical or combination treatment. Analysis of clinical and morphological characteristics was performed; results of surgical treatment were researched. Evaluation of PD-L1 expression and MSI status was performed using immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis.

Results. PD-L1 expression and MSI status were evaluated in 41 patients of 57. In 10 (24 %) of 41 cases, positive PD-L1 expression was observed (expression level 3–50 %). In 1 (2.4 %) patient, the primary tumor and metastatic lesion had low MSI level (MSI-low, MSI-L). Median follow-up was 31 months. In patients with positive PD-L1 expression, higher Ki-67 proliferative index was observed compared to patients with PD-L1 negative tumors (58.8 and 47.8 % respectively; р = 0.02), as well as significantly lower median overall survival for grade II tumors (30 and 105 months; p = 0.043). In grade III leiomyosarcomas, a trend towards lower median overall survival in patients with PD-L1‑negative tumors (31.0 months) compared to patients with PD-L1 expression (61.2 months) (р = 0.11) was observed.

Conclusion. Among patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas, positive expression of PD-L1 was observed in 24 % (10 / 41) of cases and MSI-low status was found in 2.4 % (1 / 41) of cases. In patients with grade 2 tumors, positive PD-L1 expression is associated with significantly lower overall survival. PD-L1 expression in patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas could be considered a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target.
Epidemiological monitoring of cancer risk in cancer center workers
Authors: Solenova L. G.
Published: November 2019

Based on the results of cancer monitoring in the staff of a large Cancer Center cancer risk research was performed using the method of nested “case–control” study within a cohort. The cohort comprised 7269 persons who were followed up through the cancer-register of the Cancer Center. Four hundred eighty-four (139 male and 345 female) cancer cases were revealed. For every case a control individual of the same sex and age was randomly selected from the staff who had no cancer as of January 1, 2019. A statistically insignificant increase in the overall cancer risk was observed in male operational staff (odds ratio (OR) being 1.14, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.64–2.05) and other doctorsclinicians (OR 1.36; 95 % CI 0.68–2.73). In a combined group of male clinicians and experimenters 4 cases of thyroid cancer were revealed and no members of this group were present in controls. An insignificantly increased risk of hemoblastoses, skin and brain cancer were also observed in this group. In the female stuff an insignificantly increased risk of all cancer sites combined was recorded in operational group (OR 1.28; 95 % CI 0.58–2.87) and nurses (OR 1.21; 95 % CI 0.85–1.72), as well as in the female stuff of experimental scientific units (OR 1.31; 95 % CI 0.90–1.92). An insignificant increase in breast cancer risk was observed in women clinicians and experimenters, exposed to the occupational factors. Female employees of experimental scientific units demonstrated a statistically significant increased risk of digestive organs cancer (OR 2.95; 95 % CI 1.14–7.67) and hemoblastoses (OR 5.71; 95 % CI 1.05–31.07). The results of the study demonstrate the need for epidemiological monitoring and data accumulation on cancer risk in different groups of medical workers.
Determination of xanthones in plants and the nutrient medium under in vitro cultivation conditions
Authors: Revutska A. , Belava V. , Golubenko A. , Taran N.
Published: November 2019

In recent years, xanthones have received considerable attention from scientists due to their biological activity: anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other properties.Therefore they are useful for prevention and treatment of different diseases:cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, etc. Extracts of different species of plants containing xanthones are components of chemotherapeutic and other medical drugs. In order to find the most sensitive and environmentally safe method of quantitative determination of xanthones in the plant material and the nutrient medium, known methods were tested and selected for the prototype Vyisochina G. I. et al., 2011 method, which uses ethanol as an extractor. As the plant material we used plants of different species that were grown under in vitro cultivation conditions on the agarized nutrient medium. This agarized nutrient medium was also used for the xanthone content analysis. Based on the performed research, modifications of the method for determining the content of xanthones were adapted to the in vitro conditions, which detail the specificity of extraction and quantitative calculation of the xanthone content in plant explants. Our own method of determination of these compounds in the agarized nutrient medium was developed as well. The method, that we proposed, will significantly speed up the process of xanthone detecting and will also increase their yield in biotechnological processes for obtaining the pharmacologically valuable secondary metabolites of phenolic nature.
Very premature babies and west’s syndrome
Authors: Fatyhova N R , Gamirova R G , Ziganshina L E
Published: November 2019

Aim. To compare the prevalence of West’s syndrome in very preterm babies and in babies with prematurity of 1-2 degrees. Methods. Both retrospective and prospective study including 241 preterm babies who received out-patient or in-patient aid for different neurological disorders. Inclusion criteria for the first group were diagnosis of a neurological disorder, gestational age less than 31 weeks and birth weight not exceeding 1500 grams. Inclusion criteria for the second group were diagnosis of a neurological disorder, gestational age of 32-37 weeks and birth weight ranging from 1501 to 2500 grams. Results. Severe central nervous system damage, including such conditions as spastic quadriplegia (126 out of 157 1 stgroup babies, 80.3%, and 40 out of 84 2 ndgroup babies, 47.6%, р 0.001), developmental delay of cognitive functions (123 out of 157 1 stgroup babies, 78.3%, and 40 out of 84 1 stgroup babies, 47.6%, р 0,001) were more common in the first group. West’s syndrome was diagnosed in 22 (14%) of cases in 1 stgroup, in 3 (3.6%) of cases in 2 ndgroup (HR=4.4, 95% CI [1.28; 15.16], χ 2=6.42, р=0.01). In 21 (95.5%) of West’s syndrome cases, modified hypsarrhythmia was diagnosed by video electroencephalogram monitoring. Severe cerebral hypoxia of higher degrees, periventricular leukomalacia and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum were more common in 1 stgroup babies. Conclusion. Our study showed that the prevalence of West’s syndrome in very premature infants with neurological disorders was 4.4 times higher compared to babies with prematurity of 1-2 degrees. There was an association between West’s syndrome in preterm babies and such cerebral disorders as severe cerebral hypoxia of 3 rddegree, periventricular leukomalacia and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum.
Comparative analysis of dural reconstruction methods in open brain surgery for prevention of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage
Authors: Alekseev D E , Alekseev E D , Svistov D V
Published: November 2019

Aim. A comparative evaluation of dural reconstruction results using different material: patient’s own tissues (periosteal fragments, m. temporalis fascia or fascia lata), dural graft implants, collagen matrix, as well as evaluation of adhesive compositions effect for dural sutures sealing. Methods. Results of different types of dural reconstruction used in 243 patients operated between 2009 and 2012 were analyzed. Additional materials were required to complete dural reconstruction in 91 cases. Three patient groups were formed depending on the type of plastic material: patient’s own tissues, artificial materials and collagen matrix without suture fixation. In first two groups, sutures fixed plastic material, adhesive compositions or collagen materials were used as sealant in some cases. Effect in postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage preventing was assessed for different plastic materials, as well as for additional dural sealants. Results. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage frequency was similar (p 0.05) regardless of the type of plactic material (patient’s own tissues, dural graft implants, collagen matrix) use and was assessed as 26.2, 29.0 and 27.8% accordingly. In subgroups where sutures between dura mater and graft were additionally strengthened by adhesive compositions or collagen stripes, cerebrospinal fluid leakage rate (23.3%) was lower (p 0.05) compared to subgroups without sealant (44.4%). Conclusion. The type of plastic material does not matter for effective cerebrospinal fluid leakage prevention. Additional sealing of recovered dura mater reduces the risk of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
Clinical and criminological characteristics of patients with organic mental disorders who had repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts
Authors: Popov S N , Vinnikova I N
Published: November 2019

Aim. To perform the comparative analysis of clinical and criminological characteristics of patients with organic mental disorders who had repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts. Methods. 79 patients with diagnosed organic mental disorders who had committed socially dangerous acts, declared insane by the court and underwent compulsory treatment determined by the court as out-patients or in general or specialized mental hospital. Patients who had repeated socially dangerous acts after treatment, were included in the group A (19 patients), patients who had not committed any socially dangerous act after treatment, were included in the group B (60 patients). Results. Patients with organic delusional disorder (21 vs 11.6%) and non-psychotic organic disorders (10.5 vs 5%) were more commonly seen in group A compared to group B. The share of patients with dementia was higher in group B (23.3 vs 5.2%). 8 (42.1%) patients of group A were never prosecuted before, compared to 40 (66.7%) patients from group B. Some crimes were registered only in patients who repeatedly committed crimes: sexual crimes - 1 (5.2%), crimes against administrative order - 2 (10.5%), crimes against public security 5.2% (patient was convicted in illicit firearms manufacturing). Psychopathy-like syndrome was the leading syndrome in patients who committed a socially dangerous act in both A and B groups: 11 (57.9%) and 33 (55%) cases respectively. Hallucinatory delusion was diagnosed in 7 (36.8%) of group A patients and in 17 (28.3%) of group B patients. Majority of the group A patients had further committed only one crime after treatment - 11 (57.9%), 5 (26.3%) committed 2-3 crimes, 3 (15.8%) patients - over 3 crimes. The time gap between the first and further compulsory treatment was between 1 and 3 years in most of the cases (11 patients, 57.9%). 4 (21%) patients were readmitted for repeated compulsory treatment within 1 year, 3 (15.8%) were readmitted from 3 to 5 years and 1 (5.3%) from 5 to 8 years after the initial treatment. Conclusion. There are a number of factors influencing the criminal behavior and re-committing socially dangerous acts in future. Despite the small sample size, it should be noted that patients with dementia do not repeat socially dangerous acts.
Clinical and immunological studies of periodontal inflammatory complications at orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances
Authors: Khaliullina G R , Blashkova S L
Published: November 2019

The review of clinical and immunologic studies of periodontal inflammatory diseases is presented. At present, the most effective tools for treatment of malocclusions are fixed orthodontic appliances (dental braces), but the use of fixed appliances complicates the oral hygiene, predisposes to periodontal and gum inflammation. The rate of complications diagnosed during orthodontic treatment stays high. The principles of periodontal inflammatory diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis) treatment are closely related with the causes and mechanisms of periodontal inflammation. Patients who receive orthodontic treatment using braces should be treated as a group with a high risk for inflammatory periodontal diseases. The orthodontic devices stimulate the directed reorganization of periodontal structures achieving optimal aesthetic and functional standards. Physiology of periodontium restructuring is largely determined by the local and general health before, during and after the orthodontic treatment. This article surveys the mechanisms of periodontal damage, highlighting the important role of immune response. So far, only anecdotal descriptions of immune response on the stages of orthodontic treatment are published.
Analysis of visual perception features by corneal reflex components examination
Authors: Shakurova A R
Published: November 2019

The article surveys the data of experimental studies in which the corneal reflex was used in the analysis of the visual perception process. Visual perception largely depends on the physiological characteristics of the human visual system, both individual and general. Blinking performs a number of functions, one of which is protection, including protection from unpleasant or undesired information. Blinking is closely related to the processes of concentration and disinterest. Blinking while watching a video is synchronized in single person and in a group of people watching the same video fragment. Blinking synchronization depends on the video plot; background video does not cause synchronization. Blinking synchronization is not gender specified. A longer duration of blinking is associated with a significant increase of the intervals between blinks. Accounting for these features of visual perception will allow to coordinate the work with video in several ways. First of all, it is an analysis of the reaction by monitoring the blinks while watching the video. Such analysis should contain a detailed and comprehensive decoding including electrophysiological, psychological and psychophysiological tools. Thus, the analysis of visual perception by studying the corneal reflex components requires an interdisciplinary approach and should be targeted to getting the results usable both for further studies of psychological features and principles of human visual perception and for further creation of most effectively perceived video.
The main directions of zemstvo healthcare development in Kazan governorate in XIX century
Authors: Morozova E V , Sozinov A S
Published: November 2019

The Zemstvo reform has set a start of changes in a number of spheres of the country’s life, including health-care. The development of zemstvo healthcare in Kazan Governorate took the way of increasing the number of healthcare workers and consolidating the healthcare facilities network. Kazan Governorate zemstvo managed to create a promoted healthcare in conditions of scarce resources and lack of medical professionals. At this period, a new form of medical and sanitary attendance — medical district — was created, replacing the old patrolling system. One of the advantages of zemstvo healthcare was introduction of free drug supplies. At the end of XIX century, a developed network of pharmacies was established. Almost in all uyezds of Kazan Governorate, medical depots were functioning, providing local pharmacies with the required medicines. At the beginning of zemstvo healthcare functioning, obstetrics was singled out as a separate branch of medicine. In XIX century, special maternity beds appeared in a number of zemstvo healthcare units. At the beginning of XX century, special maternity ward for obstetric aid appeared in zemstvo hospitals, maternity clinics opened. By the early XX century, a rural healthcare system, its legal groundwork, operations and funding were established. As a result of zemstvo self-government institutions functioning, an extensive network of uyezd hospitals, paramedic stations was established, providing medical aid to rural population; stationary zonal system of medical aid was created.
Psychological characteristics of patients with missing teeth at initial contact and after orthopedic treatment
Authors: Kruchinin V Yu
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the influence of dental diseases and results of their treatment on patient’s psychological profile. Methods. 40 patients with hard teeth tissues and dentition defects at the esthetic zone aged from 30 to 57 years were included in the study. Control group consisted of 25 people not requiring dental treatment. A new method of determining patient’s psychological subtype, offered by A. Anuashvili and based on computer analysis of the patient’s photographs, allowing totally avoid the subjectivity of a diagnosis. Results. Analysis of emotional stress level in patients before the dental procedures showed that it was significantly higher in males compared to females (73.6±0.86 vs 57.9±0.93% respectively, р 0,01). It was also found that 60% of all patients had unstable aspects of psychological subtype regardless of gender. In the control group, only minor changes of psychoemotional state between two examinations were registered, allowing to conclude that psychoemotional state without strong stimuli is quite stable. The use of the video-computed psychoanalysis method can help a dentist to assess the patient’s psychoemotional status when patient is seeking for dental aid, and to communicate better considering the patient’s psychological subtype, as well as to control psychoemotional state during and after the treatment. Conclusion. Missing teeth not only impair chewing, but also deteriorate patient’s psychoemotional state, leading to worse quality of life.
DNA repair system defects - role in oncogenesis and cancer therapy
Authors: Boychuk S V , Ramazanov B R
Published: November 2019

Inherited and acquired abnormalities in DNA damage repair system may lead to cancer and other diseases, as well as to act as one of the key factors determining the patient’s responsiveness to chemo- and radiotherapy. Nowadays, the principles of the personalized therapy, based on specific features of disease development and pathogenesis of a solitary organism or in a small group, are applied to treat a broad number of diseases, including cancers. This approach allows to choose the most effective cancer therapy in every single case of cancer, based on the genetic analysis and expression level of specific proteins. One of the promising approaches for increasing the effectiveness of non-surgical cancer treatments - to develop the methods to increase the cancer cells sensitivity to conducted chemotherapy, based on using the DNA repair system defects for the better anti-cancer effect. The review covers some types of DNA repair system defects occurring while chemo- and radiotherapy. Perspectives of the possible influences on DNA repair mechanisms treated as possible targets for both anti-cancer treatment and for increasing the effects of cancer chemo- and radiotherapy, are discussed in the review considering the available published data and results of own research. DNA repair system defects play an important role in cancer genesis, but as well can determine the good response of patients with such defects to chemo- and radiotherapy (inducing different types of DNA damage).
Using phospholipids as hepatoprotective agents for dyslipidemia correction in adolescents with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Naymushina E S , Drobinina E Y
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the effect of phospholipids for lipid metabolism normalization in adolescents with metabolic syndrome. Methods. The study included 50 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome according to 2007 criteria of International Diabetes Federation. All of them had dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the stage of steatosis, steatohepatitis. The adolescents were splitted into two groups: the treatment group (30 patients) and the control group (20 patients). Patients of the first group, as an addition to the standard treatment (metformin), took phospholipids (Rezalut) 2 capsules three times a day for 2 months, followed by a second course after 2 months gap. Patients of the first group were treated by the standard treatment only. The statistical analysis was performed by the methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics using «Statistica 6.0» software. Results. After 3 months of treatment, there was a body weight and body mass index decrease in patients of the treatment group, the difference between the groups was statistically significant (р 0.05), and preserved so after 6 months of treatment compared both to baseline data and to controls. Serum cholesterol, low-density lipids levels decreased, high-density lipids levels increased in patients of the first group, reducing the atherogenic index of plasma. No significant changes of these parameters was observed in the second group. Liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase) levels reduced significantly (р 0.05) in the treatment group compared with baseline levels; no such changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion. Prescribing phospholipids as part of the complex treatment of the metabolic syndrome is pathogenically justified.
General casual hypothermia as a threat of thrombosis in rats
Authors: Lycheva N A , Shakhmatov I I
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the hemostasis at the pre-reactive period of cold injury occurred at the third stage of the decompensated phase of general casual hypothermia. Methods. Experiments were performed on on 23 Wistar rats. General casual hypothermia was simulated by placing the animals in individual cages in a freezer with in-temperature of -25 °C. Animals were kept in the freezer until the rectal body temperature of +30 °С. Blood samples of 10 animals, kept at 22°C during the same exposure time, were used as a control. Hemostasis parameters, including platelets and coagulation panel, as well as blood serum anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activity, were assessed in peripheral blood. Induced platelet aggregation was measured by aggregometer, with 10 μg/ml adenosine diphosphate solution as the inductor. Results. General casual hypothermia was not associates with changes in the peripheral blood. At the same time, increased platelet count by 19% (р 0.05) and reduced platelet aggregation activity by 9 times (р 0.05) was observed. The coagulation panel at the pre-reactive period of cold injury was associated with Echitox coagulation time increase by 42% (р 0.05), together with fibrinogen concentration drop by 25% (р 0.05). Increased polymerization time of circulating soluble fibrin monomer complexes by 36% (р 0.05) was suggestive of reduced I clotting factor serum concentrations. In the same animals, the serum concentration of soluble fibrin monomer complexes was increased by 96% (р 0.05), suggesting the increased clotting activity. Conclusion. Decompensated phase of general casual hypothermia was associated with significant changes of on the hemostasis. The set of observed changes was suggestive of increased clotting activity as the response to the cold trauma and predisposition to clotting in experimental animals.
Local antibiotic therapy in infection of arteficial joints
Authors: Kilmetov T A , Akhtyamov I F , Gilmutdinov I Sh , Gatina E B , Eremin I K , Aliev E I , Ismailov Kh G
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study is to analyze possible options for treating patients with deep paraprothetic infection of major joints performing a literature review. Arthroplasty has occupied its specific place in a range of surgical operations used in treating patients with joint diseases. The rate of possible complications developing on different stages of treatment does not decrease while the number of operations increase. The most difficulties are associated with deep paraprothetic infection, because in this case in is only possible to save the implant in 20% of patients mainly with early infections. The rate for infective complications in specialized orthopedic centers while ward treatment does not exceed 1% in case of primary arthroplasty, but significantly increases several years after the surgery. The most used treatment for paraprothetic infection is serial revision arthroplasty. The comparative analysis of single-staged and two-staged treatment was performed. The second one is based on using antibiotic-loaded bone cement spacers. The analysis reveals that using antibiotic-loaded bone cement spacers is an effective method of treatment for deep paraprothetic infection. Two-staged treatment method with temporary spacer implantation is preferable in treating infective complications of arthroplasty. Furhter progress of this method may be associated with optimizing the choice of antibiotic filling, developing new spacer structures and forms, and in combining local and general antibiotic administration.
Management of providing surgical medical care in non-state day patient healthcare facilities of the railways in 2002-2011
Authors: Evstropov A V , Kuznetsova L U
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the changes of the of non-state day patient healthcare facilities performance indicators on providing ambulatory surgical care. Methods. Data of joint statistical reports of railway transport health facilities issued at 2002-2011, as well as documents that regulates providing surgical care to the population of the Russian Federation, Rosstat and Russian Health Ministry statistical data for the same period, were used for the analysis. Results. Surgical aid provided in day patient healthcare facilities of different types was changing differently. In out-patient clinics, the number of operations increased twicefold during 10 years, surgical aid provision per 10 000 population increased almost by 3 times (287%) over the 10-year period. The opposite trends were observed in day care facilities of the hospitals - the number of operations decreased, as well as surgical aid provision per 10 000 population and surgical procedures rate on 100 discharged patients from 6.5 to 3. In 2002, the structure of outpatient surgeries in day patient healthcare facilities was the following: skin and subcutaneous tissue surgeries - 41.8%, female reproductive organs - 51.4%, ears, nose and throat - 2.7%. By 2011, the structure has changed: with 70.3% surgeries performed on female reproductive organs, and 18.3% - on skin and subcutaneous tissue. Comparative assessment of the development of surgical care in day patient healthcare facilities based in out-patient clinics of JSC «Russian Railways» revealed that in this matter railway medical complex was more dynamic and developing rapidly. Conclusion. Non-state health facilities of the transport industry (for example, medical complex of JSC «Russian Railways») have all the managerial and legislative backgroung for further development of out-patient surgery within the framework of 24-hour hospital substituting technologies in in day patient healthcare facilities based in out-patient clinics.
Ethnic and epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected patients died in 2009-2010 in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Sharipova A G , Zakirov I G , Gilmanov A A
Published: November 2019

Aim. The research goal was to evaluate the ethnical and epidemiological characteristics of the deceased HIV-infected patients in the Republic of Tatarstan. Methods. Causes of death among HIV-infected patients were analyzed. Depending on ethnicity they were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=276, 71.1%) - Russian nationality, group 2 (n=112, 28.9%) - Tatar nationality. Results. Mortality of HIV-infected persons of group 1 was 3.2 times higher than among patients of group 2 (18.4 and 5.6 per 100 000 respectively, p 0.001). In both groups majority of patients (79.0 and 62.5% in 1 and 2 groups) were infected through drug injections. Highest mortality rate was observed in HIV-infected males younger than 40 years who lived in urban areas and was associated with tuberculosis, lung and cardiovascular diseases. The mean disease duration after diagnosis in the 1st and 2nd groups was similar (5.2±0.3 and 5.1±0.4 years, respectively). Shorter survival period was observed in females, older than 50 years, persons infected through sexual contact and patients with comorbidities. Conclusion. In the Republic of Tatarstan mortality among HIV-infected persons of Russian nationality was higher than in a group with Tatar nationality. Disease duration of HIV-infected persons had no association with their ethnic group.
Social and epidemiological characteristics of alcohol use disorders in the Kostroma region
Authors: Pochitaeva I P , Golubeva A P
Published: November 2019

Aim. Prediction of primary, general morbidity and mortality of persons with alcohol use disorders, registered at a dispensary in the Kostroma region of Russian Federation. Methods. Statistical data for 24 districts of the Kostroma region, 1999-2012 was analyzed. In addition to graphical method and mapping the least-squares method, ranking, estimation of absolute increase/decrease and the average annual growth/loss rate were used. Information was obtained from the statistical reports of regional addictions dispensary (statistical form number 37), Statistical yearbook of National Research Center of Addictions, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation. Results. Structure of patients treated for alcohol disorders in the Kostroma region almost virtually unchanged over the past 10 years, the proportion of persons with chronic alcoholism was 46.5%, drinkers with harmful consequences - 32.4%, alcoholic psychosis - 21.1%. In 2012 the number of primary identified alcohol consumers with harmful impact on the health was 72.8% less compared to the average index for Russian Federation and 27.5% compared to Central Federal District. We have revealed mild, prone to stabilization trend of increase in the incidence of chronic alcoholism and psychosis for 14 years studied, average annual growth rate was 0.64%. Based on the primary incidence of alcoholism and psychosis the top three districts were: Sudislavsky, Susaninsky and Mezhevskoy, indicators in these areas were almost 2-3 times higher than the average regional index. In 2012 in 12 districts of Kostroma region no cases of alcoholic psychosis were registered. The latter fact is in doubt, as in 7 of 12 districts the positions of addiction psychiatrists were vacant. Over the past 3 years only 38% of patients who required to be treated for alcoholism were admitted for hospital care and 16.7% - for ambulatory care. Conclusion. Analysis of epidemiological data on alcohol situation in the Kostroma region testifies to its stabilization with the trend to improve; established territorial features show the necessity of purposeful planning of preventive measures.
A novel method for assessing valvular mechanism of deep inguinal ring considering the objective topographic anatomical criteria
Authors: Chernyh A V , Lyubyh E N , Vitchinkin V G , Zakurdaev E I
Published: November 2019

Aim. To develop a method to assess the valvular mechanism of deep inguinal ring based on objective topographic anatomical criteria. Methods. The research was performed on 123 native corpses of persons without pathology of the anterior abdominal wall. Morphometric examination of the inguinal canal was carried out. The shape of the inguinal gap was determined, inguinal gap and inguinal canal length was measured, as well as deep inguinal ring length and height and deep inguinal ring height. Oval fissured inguinal gap was revealed in 49 (39.8%) persons, intermediate oval - in 51 (41.5%), triangular - in 23 (18.7%). Results. The dependence of the length of the inguinal canal, inguinal gap length, deep inguinal ring size and its standing height on the inguinal gap shape was examined. The method for an objective assessment of the deep inguinal ring valvular mechanism was proposed. The method is based on determining the deep inguinal ring location in reference to the internal oblique abdominal muscles by estimating the integral rate of the inguinal canal length and the inguinal gap length and deep inguinal ring height. Three options for the deep inguinal ring location: upper lateral, lower medial and boundary location are described. Deep inguinal ring positions were determined by cluster analysis. In cases of upper lateral position, which was observed in 28 (22.8%) of cases, the valvular mechanism of deep inguinal ring was stable. In cases of deep inguinal ring lower medial position (41 cases, 33.3%), the opposite results were gained. In cases of deep inguinal ring boundary location (54 cases, 43.9%), the valvular mechanism is stable, but may become insolvent if destructive changes of the lateral abdominal muscles and deep inguinal ring expansion were present. Conclusion. An objective method of assessing the deep inguinal ring valvular mechanism, based on determining the deep inguinal ring location in reference to the oblique abdominal muscles was developed.
Auscultatory manifestations of mitral valve prolapse in children with connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Magomedova Sh M , Belozerov Yu M , Masuev K A , Osmanov I M
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the features of auscultatory symptoms in children with mitral valve prolapse secondary to connective tissue dysplasia. Methods. Auscultation and phonocardiography was performed in 545 children and adolescents with mitral valve prolapse, including a prolapse, which is a variant of the asthenic constitution - 140, with a prolapse with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia - 340, with mitral valve prolapse with differentiated connective tissue dysplasia - 65 children (patients with Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome). The control group consisted of 200 children and adolescents of similar age. Results. In children with an asthenic constitution and mitral valve prolapse in most cases (90.7%) established were isolated clicks, and only iin a small percentage of cases the clicks combined with the late systolic murmur. Complaints of these children did not differ significantly in the frequency from the control values. Compared with the control group up to 6 times more frequently found was the symptom of chronic psychoemotional stress. Chronic psychoemotional stress was also observed more frequently in adolescents with mitral valve prolapse in the background of undifferentiated and differentiated connective tissue dysplasia. Children with asthenic constitution the frequency of cardiac pain did not differ from the control values. A significant increase in the frequency of cardialgia was reported in children and adolescents with undifferentiated and differentiated connective tissue dysplasia. Cardiac pain was described as stabbing, pressing, aching, and was felt in the left side of the chest without irradiation. In most children the pain continued for 5-20 min, were usually enduced by physical exertion and emotional stress, often accompanied by autonomic disturbances, which resolved spontaneously or after administration of the tincture of valerian or valokordin. The absence of ischemic changes in the myocardium according to the comprehensive investigation can be regarded as a manifestation of cardialgia as a sympathalgia related to psychoemotional features of children with mitral valve prolapse («cardiac pain is inseparable from the personality»). The auscultatory pattern suring mitral valve prolapse in the background of undifferentiated and differentiated connective tissue dysplasia was very similar. Conclusion. According to the phonocardiography and auscultatory data we can conclude that there is a certain parallelism of the severity of valve leaflet prolapse and of the sound phenomena: in isolated clicks the leaflet prolapse degree is usually minor, however in cases of isolated late systolic and holosystolic murmurs - the prolapse degree is significant.
Tuberculin diagnostics in pulmonary tuberculosis combined with HIV-infection
Authors: Borodulina E A , Lebedeva N O , Povalyaeva L V , Tsygancov I IL , Borodulin B E
Published: November 2019

Aim. To evaluate the sensitivity to tuberculin in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis in combination with an infection, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), using various different tests. Methods. Examined were patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis with HIV infection (134 patients, the main group) and without HIV infection (100 patients, control group). Tuberculin diagnostics included an intradermal Mantoux test with 2 tuberculin units, the skin prick test with a 100% solution of PPD-L and the intradermal test «Diaskintest». Results. In the main group, a positive reaction to the Mantoux test with 2 tuberculin units was reported significantly less frequently (56.0%) than in the comparison group (89.0%), the diagnostic value of the test decreased with a decrease in the number of CD4+ lymphocytes. The prick test was characterized by a complete correlation with the results of the Mantoux test, although having a number of advantages. The sensitivity of the «Diaskintest» in the main group was 48.3%, and in the control group - 84.6%, at the same time the sensitivity of the «Diaskintest» decreased to 17% in cases of pronounced immunodeficiency. Conclusion. The skin prick test can be used as a screening method for early detection of tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals with CD4+ lymphocyte count of 300 cells in 1 ml or more with the aim of forming risk groups, followed by screening for tuberculosis.