bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of the use of analgesic drugs 1 year after joint replacement: a single-center analysis of 13,000 hip and knee replacements
Authors: Rajamäki Tuomas , Moilanen Teemu , Puolakka Pia A. , Hietaharju Aki , Jämsen Esa
Published: April 2020

Background

Pain persists in a moderate number of patients following hip or knee replacement surgery. Persistent pain may subsequently lead to the prolonged consumption of analgesics after surgery and expose patients to the adverse drug events of opioids and NSAIDs, especially in older patients and patients with comorbidities. This study aimed to identify risk factors for the increased use of opioids and other analgesics one year after surgery and focused on comorbidities and surgery-related factors.

Methods

All patients who underwent a primary hip or knee replacement for osteoarthritis from 2002 to 2013 were identified. Redeemed prescriptions for acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids (mild and strong) were collected from a nationwide Drug Prescription Register. The user rates of analgesics and the adjusted risks ratios for analgesic use one year after joint replacement were calculated.

Results

Of the 6,238 hip replacement and 7,501 knee replacement recipients, 3,591 (26.1%) were still using analgesics one year after surgery. Significant predictors of overall analgesic use (acetaminophen, NSAID, or opioid) were (risk ratio (95% CI)) age 65-74.9 years (reference <65), 1.1 (1.03-1.2), age > 75 years, 1.2 (1.1-1.3), female gender, 1.2 (1.1-1.3), BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2 (reference <25kg/m2), 1.1 (1.04-1.2), BMI >35 kg/m2, 1.4 (1.3-1.6), a higher number of comorbidities (according to modified Charlson Comorbidity Index score), and 1.2 (1.1-1.4). Diabetes and other comorbidities were not significant independent predictors. Of the other clinical factors, the preoperative use of analgesics, 2.6 (2.5-2.8) and knee surgery, 1.2 (1.1-1.3), predicted the use of analgesics, whereas simultaneous bilateral knee replacement (compared to unilateral procedure) was a protective factor, 0.86 (0.77-0.96). Opioid use was associated with obesity, higher CCI score, epilepsy, knee vs hip surgery, unilateral vs bilateral knee operation, total vs unicompartmental knee replacement, and the preoperative use of analgesics/opioids.

Conclusions

Obesity (especially BMI >35 kg/m2) and the preoperative use of analgesics were the strongest predictors of an increased postoperative use of analgesics. It is remarkable that also older age and higher number of comorbidities predicted analgesic use despite these patients being the most vulnerable to adverse drug events.
The Experiences of Merging Health Insurance Funds in Turkey, Thailand, South Korea and Indonesia: What lessons can be learned?
Authors: Bazyar Mohammad , Rashidian Arash , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Behzadi Anahita
Published: April 2020

Background : Fragmentation in health insurance system can obstruct reaching universal health coverage’ objectives and may lead to inequity in financial and organizational access to health care services. One possible option to overcome this challenge is merging the existing insurance funds together. This article aims to review the experience of Turkey, Thailand, South Korea and Indonesia regarding merging which can be very useful for other countries which are looking for ways of enhancing their health systems. Methods: The present study is a cross-country comparative analysis. The first criterion to choose these countries was with experience of the policy of merging. The second criterion was diversity in health insurance systems. To find the most relevant documents about the subject, different sources of information were searched including books, scientific papers, reports, policy documents and documents published by international organizations such as WHO and World Bank. We followed snowball sampling method to reach out for further documents by checking the reference list of the most relevant documents. We also contacted the authors with the most relevant articles in the selected countries to introduce and provide us with more articles or publications about the subject. Results: The experience of Turkey, Thailand, South Korea and Indonesia show that different reasons may force policy makers to move towards merging and reducing the number of health insurance funds; different stakeholders may support or oppose merging based on the interests they may have in the current fragmented health insurance system; various positive and negative consequences may occur in the health system as the result of merging. The experience of these countries also emphasize that in order to accelerate and facilitate implementation process of merger and face less operational challenges, there should be some prerequisites such as experiencing reliable economic growth to enhance benefit package and support the single national insurance scheme financially after merging. Conclusions: Merging is not the panacea to all problems of health system and other contributing health reforms should be implemented simultaneously or sequentially in other aspects of health system if merging is going to pave the way reaching universal health coverage.
Genetic Determinants of Obesity Heterogeneity in Type II Diabetes
Authors: Khorami Somayeh Alsadat Hosseini , Mutalib Mohd Sokhini Abd , Shiraz Mohammad Feili , Abdullah Joseph Anthony , Rejali Zulida , Ali Razana Mohd , Khaza'ai Huzwah
Published: April 2020

Background: Although obesity is considered as the main cause of Type II diabetes (T2DM), non-obese individuals may still develop T2DM and obese individuals may not. Method: The mRNA expression of insulin signalling components (PI3K/AKT axis) from 100 non-obese and obese participants with insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance states were compared in this study toward the understanding of obesity heterogeneity molecular mechanism. Result: In present study, there was no statistically significant difference in gene expression levels of IRS1 and PTEN between groups, whereas PI3K, AKT2 and GLUT4 genes were expressed at a lower level in obese diabetic group compared to other groups. PDK1 gene was expressed at a higher level in non-obese diabetic group compared to obese diabetic and non-obese non-diabetics groups. No statistically significant difference was identified in gene expression pattern of PI3K/AKT pathway between obese non-diabetics and non-obese non-diabetics. Conclusion: The components of PI3K/AKT pathway which is related to the fasting state, showed reduced expression in obese diabetic group due to the chronic over-nutrition which may induced insensitivity and reduced gene expression. The pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the absence of obesity in non-obese diabetic group could be due to disturbance in another pathway related to the non-fasting state like gluconeogenesis. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of insulin signalling in non-obese diabetic individuals is different from obese diabetics which more investigations are required to study insulin signalling pathways in greater depth, in order to assess nutritional factors contribute to insulin resistance in obese diabetic and non-obese diabetic individuals.
Illumina-Based Transcriptome Analysis of Four Genotypes of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.
Authors: Jing Yong , Lai Yueyue , Wan Ziyu , Li Qiao , Li Min , Liu Lijuan , Chen Zhejie , Wang Shengpeng , Wang Yitao , Huang Xiao
Published: April 2020

Background

Pinellia ternate (Thunb.) Breit. ( P. ternate ), a weed species distributed in Eastern Asia, has been widely used as a Chinese herbal medicine. Currently, four genotypes of P. ternate have been identified according to their different leaf shapes, including Shaoye, Taoye, Zhuye and Liuye Type. In addition, the total alkaloids and organic acids content in tuber, tuber yields and other physiology and agronomic characteristics were significant difference. However, little is known about the evolution and genetic diversity of four genotypes of P. ternate . Moreover, the genomics of P. ternate remains uncharacterized. The recent development of RNA-Seq, a next generation sequencing technology, provides an opportunity to expand the identification of P. ternate genes through in-depth transcript profiling.

Methods

In this study, we presented a comprehensive landscape of the transcriptome profiles of four genotypes of P. ternate using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology.

Results

Totally, 70,491,871, 72,819,035, 73,159,913 and 71,612,115 reads were achieved in four genotypes of P. ternate , respectively. A total number of 126,391 assembled unigenes were identified. After aligning the sequences to the public protein databases, 82,998 unigenes were annotated. Among these, 15,534 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 41,216 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 46,053 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. In addition, 23,678 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 65,527 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) variations were detected.

Conclusion

This study provides abundant genomic data and comprehensive transcriptome for P. ternate . We envision that these transcriptome datasets will serve as an important public information platform to accelerate further studies of the P. ternate and the identification of genes that potentially involving in the biosynthesis of total alkaloids, acid and other active ingredients among different genotypes P. ternate .
Statistical Distribution of Novel coronavirus in Iran
Authors: Gholami Elham , Mansori Kamyar , Soltani-Kermanshahi Mojtaba
Published: April 2020

Background The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by 2019-nCoV is spreading worldwide, and by March 27, 2020, 199 countries, including Iran, have been affected. Prevention and control of infection is the most important priority for the public health. The behavior prediction of COVID-19 is an important problem. Methods In this research, we compared the different distributions of COVID-19 cases based on the daily reported data of Iran. We used 36 initial data on new cases and deaths with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection of Iran based on official reports from governmental institutes .We used the three types of continuous distribution known as Normal, Lognormal and Weibull. Results Our study showed that the weibull distribution was the best fit with the data. But the Parameters of distribution were different between new cases and daily deaths data. Conclusion According to the mean and median of the best fitted distribution, we can expect to pass the peak of the disease. The death rate is decreasing. We can see the similar behaviors of covid-19 in both Iran and China in the long run.
Correlation analysis between disease severity and clinical and biochemical characteristics of 143 cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study
Authors: Wang Dan , Li Ruifang , Wang Juan , Jiang Qunqun , Gao Chang , Yang Juan , Ge Lintong , Hu Qing
Published: April 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) is a novel infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan and has quickly spread across the world. The mortality rate in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is high. This study analyzed clinical and biochemical parameters between mild and severe patients, helping to identify severe or critical patients early. Methods: In this single center, cross-sectional study, 143 patients were included and divided to mild/moderate and sever/critical groups. Correlation between the disease criticality and clinical features and peripheral blood biochemical markers was analyzed. Cut-off values for critically ill patients were speculated through the ROC curve. Results: Significantly, disease severity was associated with age (r = 0.458, P < 0.001) , comorbidities (r = 0.445, P < 0.001) , white cell counts (r = 0.229, P = 0.006) , neutrophil count (r = 0.238, P = 0.004) , lymphocyte count (r = -0.295, P < 0.001) , albumin (r = -0.603, P < 0.001) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r= -0.362, P < 0.001) , serum potassium (r = -0.237, P = 0.004) , plasma glucose (r = 0.383, P < 0.001) , total bilirubin (r = 0.340, P < 0.001) , serum amyloid A (r = 0.58, P < 0.001) , procalcitonin (r = 0.345, P < 0.001) , C-reactive protein ( r = 0.477, P < 0.001) , lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.548, P < 0.001) , aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.342, P < 0.001) , alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.264, P = 0.001) , erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.284, P = 0.001) and D-dimer (r = 0.477, P ＜ 0.001) . Conclusion: With following parameters such as age > 52 years, C-reactive protein > 64.79 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase > 245 U/L, D-dimer > 0.96 ug/mL, serum amyloid A > 100.02 mg/L, or a lbumin ＜ 36 g/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. Lymphocyte count, serum potassium and procalcitonin may also be a prognostic indicator .
The effects of childhood exposure to malaria on cognition and behavior: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Ssemata Andrew Sentoogo , Nakitende Jacquelline Ann , Kizito Simon , Whipple Elizabeth , Bangirana Paul , Nakasujja Noeline , John Chandy C , McHenry Megan Song
Published: April 2020

Background: Malaria is one of the major contributing risk factor for poor development of children living in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). However, little is known about the specific domains of cognition and behavior that are impacted by malaria, the extent of these deficits, and the severity of malaria infection that is associated with these deficits. The objective of this review is to determine the effect of malaria infection on cognition and behavior among children living in LMICs. Methods and analysis: We will systematically search online bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Collaborative Database, CINAHL and PsycINFO as well as Google Scholar and bibliographies of pertinent articles. We will include studies with a comparison group (e.g., clinical trials, cohort, cross-sectional and case–control studies) involving children under 18 years of age living in LMICs, as determined by World Bank Criteria, with either an active malaria infection or history of malaria. Included articles must also measure cognitive and behavioral outcomes using standardized instruments. Studies will be excluded if they are not in English, lack a control group, take place in a high-income country, or if a standardized instrument was not used.Two reviewers will independently review all articles to determine if they meet eligibility criteria. Any conflicts will be resolved after discussion with a third reviewer. When a list of included articles is finalized, two reviewers will extract data to populate and then cross check within an electronic table. Risk of bias and the strength of evidence and recommendations will be assessed independently using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria, and a final score will be given upon consensus. For sufficiently homogeneous data on measured outcomes in multiple studies, we will investigate the possibility of pooling data to perform a meta-analysis. Discussion: This systematic review will evaluate the evidence of the effect of malaria on the cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Findings from this planned review will generate insight on the domains affected by the different forms malaria infection and may inform subsequent malaria interventions and future research in pediatric care.
A Retrospective Analysis of Owner-reported Reasons for Canine Illness and Injury Visits in Veterinary General Practice: A List of the Top 50% of Complaints
Authors: Patterson Gilbert , Trofatter Michele O. , Daily-Trude Kathryn E. , Pierce Rebecca L. , Robertson Stanley R. , Weale John J. , Johnson Jason W
Published: April 2020

Background

Veterinarians are required to use critical thinking and communication skills to proficiently guide a client through available options for disease treatment or management. While multiple viable approaches exist for treating common problems, data describing the actual types of owner-reported complaints most often encountered in general veterinary practices is lacking. An understanding of the nature and distribution of common conditions, as reported by the owner, is a key step in providing the evidence-based foundation directing further efforts toward solutions to overcome barriers in general practice, veterinary-care delivery.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of common canine owner-reported complaints presented in general veterinary practice over a one-year period was performed. Data was collected from participating practices, cleaned, and analyzed to reflect the top 50% new presenting complaints of owners at all participating practices for canine patients with an illness or injury during their visit.

Results

The outcome is a comprehensive list ranking the top canine owner-reported presenting illnesses/injuries complaints seen by general veterinary practices included in the study.

Conclusions

These results provide evidence-based knowledge of the distribution of owner complaints potentially encountered in general practice, providing justification for the need to emphasize certain clinical case presentations in veterinary educational curriculums. Being prepared with such knowledge, veterinary students can be empowered with the necessary skills and tools required to provide informed, ethical, and affordable choices for canine care in the general veterinary practice setting. This information also provides the scientific foundation for canine conditions which may benefit from additional evidence-based trials to better identify the outcomes of spectrum of care interventions for benefits to the owner, the canine, and the veterinarian.
First Incidence of CYP9K1, CYP6P4 and CYP6Z1 in Anopheles gambiae ss from Nigeria
Authors: Haruna Ada Sylvester , Mavridis Konstantinos , Vontas John , Eyo Joseph Effiong
Published: April 2020

Background: Anopheles resistance to insecticides is an impediment to the success of malaria control programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. This study addresses the enzymes that play the key role in insecticide resistance in Kogi State, Nigeria.Methods: Anopheles immature stages were collected from breeding sites across four LGAs in Kogi State, Nigeria. Adult anophelines were identified morphologically and molecularly to species level using the polymerase chain reaction. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were exposed to eight different insecticides belonging to organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroids. Newly developed and integrable to the LabDisk automated diagnostic platform quantitative Reverse Transcription-real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) 3-plex TaqMan® assays were used to quantify 7 detoxification genes’ expression. Fold-changes, 95% CIs and statistical significance were performed according to the Pfaffl methods. Results: An. gambiae sl were susceptible to pirimiphos methyl in all the LGAs, but resistance to alphacypermethrin, permethrin, DDT, bendiocarb, propoxur, lambdacyhalothrin and deltamethrin. The detoxification genes CYP6P3(1.6), CYP6M2(36 folds), CYP9K1(6.4 folds), CYP6P4(5.3), CYP6Z1(4.8 folds), GSTE2(4.1 fold), CYP6P1(0.50 folds) and CYP4G16 (2.36 folds) were encountered but only CYP6M2, CYP9K1, CYP6P4 and CYP6Z1 were found to be up regulated in the Dekina multi resistant (pyrethroids, DDT, bendiocarb) population compared to two susceptible (Kisumu and G3) laboratory strains. Resistance was observed in seven out of the eight insecticides tested. Very high level of resistance was observed in DDT across the three LGAs. The CYP6M2, CYP9K1, CYP6P4 and CYP6Z1 were up regulated genes that confer resistance to different insecticides. Conclusion: This study recorded for the first time CYP9K1, CYP6P4 and CYP6Z1 detoxification genes in wild Anopheles gambiae ss populations from Nigeria. In light of the absence of iAche mutations in our results, carbamate (bendiocarb and propoxur) resistance could be associated with the expression of CYP6P4 that has been previously implicated.
Nomogram for Prediction of the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) Grade B/C Posthepatectomy Liver Failure in HBV-related Hepatocellular carcinoma Patients: an external validation and prospective application study
Authors: Ye Jiazhou , Mai Rong-yun , Guo Wei-xing , Wang Yan-yan , Ma Liang , Xiang Bang-de , Lau Wan-Yee , Cheng Shu-qun , Li Le-qun
Published: April 2020

Background & Aims: To develop a nomogram for predicting the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) grade B/C posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods: Patients initially treated with hepatectomy were included. Univariate regression analysis and stochastic forest algorithm were applied to extract the core indicators and reduce redundancy bias. The nomogram was then constructed by using multivariate logistic regression, and validated in internal and external cohorts, and a prospective clinical application. Results: There were 900, 300 and 387 participants in training, internal and external validation cohorts, with the morbidity of grade B/C PHLF were 13.5%, 11.6% and 20.2%, respectively. The nomogram was generated by integrating preoperative total bilirubin, platelet count, prealbumin, aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin time and standard future liver remnant volume, then achieved good prediction performance in training (AUC=0.868, 95%CI=0.808–0.880), internal validation (AUC=0.868, 95%CI=0.794–0.916) and external validation cohorts (AUC=0.820, 95%CI=0.756–0.861), with well-fitted calibration curves. Negative predictive values were significantly higher than positive predictive values in training cohort (97.6% vs. 33.0%), internal validation cohort (97.4% vs. 25.9%) and external validation cohort (94.3% vs. 41.1%), respectively. Patients who had a nomogram score <169 or ≧169 were considered to have low or high risk of grade B/C PHLF. Prospective application of the nomogram accurately predicted grade B/C PHLF in clinical practise. Conclusions: The nomogram has a good performance in predicting ISGLS grade B/C PHLF in HBV-related HCC patients and determining appropriate candidates for hepatectomy.
Inhibition of glucose assimilation in Auxenochlorella protothecoides by light
Authors: Xiao Yibo , Guo Jianying , Zhu Huachang , Muhammad Anwar , Deng Haiteng , Hu Zhangli , Wu Qingyu
Published: April 2020

Background: The yield of microalgae biomass is the key to affect the accumulation of fatty acids. A few of microalgae can assimilate organic carbon to improve biomass yield. In mixotrophic cultivation, organic carbon source and light energy exist simultaneously. The preference of the main energy source by microalgae determines the biomass yield. Auxenochlorella protothecoides is an oleaginous mixotrophic microalga that can efficiently assimilate glucose and accumulate a large amount of biomass and fatty acids. The current study focused on the effect of light on the growth and glucose assimilation of Auxenochlorella protothecoides.Results: In this study, we found that the uptake and metabolism of glucose could be inhibited by light, resulting in a reduction of biomass growth and lipid accumulation. Comparative proteomics of A. protothecoides grown under illumination and in the dark revealed that glucose-3-phosphate (G3P) produced in the dark reaction of photosynthesis could reversibly inhibit the glycolysis pathway and thus glucose metabolism. Moreover, the increase of NADH levels and redox potential of the medium under illumination might inhibit the activity of the glucose transport system and subsequently reduce glucose uptake.Conclusions: The regulatory mechanism by which illumination controls glucose assimilation and biomass accumulation in A. protothecoides was elucidated for the first time, which will facilitate further studies on the complex mechanisms underlying the transition from autotrophy to heterotrophy for improving biomass accumulation.
Coping style, social support and psychological distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-2019 epidemic
Authors: Yu Hua , Li Mingli , Li Zhixiong , Xiang Weiyi , Yuan Yiwen , Liu Yaya , Li Zhe , Xiong Zhenzhen
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological status of the general population in mainland China during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to explore the factors influencing psychological distress, in order to provide the basis for further psychological intervention programs.MethodsWe administered three questionnaires on-line to a convenience sample of the general population from different regions of mainland China from February 1 to February 4, 2020. We used the Mandarin versions of the six-item Kessler psychological distress scale (K6), the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). We also collected demographic data and other information related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing psychological distress.ResultsOf 1607 respondents, 1588 returned valid questionnaires and were included in the analysis. Nearly one quarter (22.8%) had high levels of psychological distress (K6 score ≥ 13). Individuals with higher psychological distress spent more time searching for information about COVID-19, had a history of contact with epidemic areas, more frequently adopted a negative coping style, and reported less social support than those with lower psychological distress.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 outbreak in China has a great impact on the mental health status of the general population. Positive coping strategies and increased social support are significantly correlated with decreased psychological distress, and may serve as the basis for psychological interventions.
Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus in golden Syrian hamsters
Authors: Sia Sin Fun , Yan Li-Meng , Chin Alex WH , Fung Kevin , Poon Leo LM , Nicholls John M , Peiris Malik , Yen Hui-Ling
Published: April 2020

A pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus with high nucleotide identity to SARS-CoV and SARS-related coronaviruses detected in horseshoe bats is spreading across the world and impacting the healthcare systems and global economy1,2. A suitable small animal model is urgently needed to support the development of vaccines and antiviral treatments against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We report the pathogenesis and transmissibility of the SARS-CoV-2 in the golden Syrian hamster model. The SARS-CoV-2 virus replicated in the epithelial cells of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated viral antigens in the areas of lung consolidation on day 2 and 5 post- inoculation, followed by rapid viral clearance and tissue repairing on day 7. Viral antigen was also detected in the epithelial cells of duodenum without apparent inflammatory response on day 2. Notably, we observed that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be transmitted efficiently from the inoculated hamsters to co-housed naïve contact hamsters. The inoculated hamsters and naturally-infected hamsters lost greater than 10% of the body weight, and all animals recovered with the detection of neutralizing antibodies within 14 days. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection in golden Syrian hamsters resemble features found in human patients with mild infections.Authors Sin Fun Sia, Li-Meng Yan, and Alex WH Chin contributed equally to this work.
Professor Fedor Grigoryevich Krotkov – chief hygienist of the Red Army
Authors: Panin V. F. , Cherednikova V. I.
Published: April 2020

The article provides brief information about the life and working activities of the first head of the Department of Radiation Hygiene of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Training, academician, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Major General of the medical service F. G. Krotkov in the field of military hygiene during its formation in the Soviet health care, in the pre-war years and during the great Patriotic War. The direction of the scientific work of F. G. Krotkov at the Department of hygiene of the Military Medical Academy and contribution to the basis of the Aviation Scientific Research Institute of Sanitary in the WorkerPeasant Red Army and the Special Food Research Institute of the Red Army and its role in improving the combat capability of the Army and Navy as the head of the sanitary Department of the Main military-sanitary Directorate of the Red Army. It also reflects the activities of Professor F. G. Krotkov on the development of radiation hygiene as the head of the country’s first specialized Department in the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Training. The paper provides information on perpetuate the name of Professor Krotkov on his small Home in S. Mosolovo, the Ryazan oblast and in Moscow city, where he worked for many years.
Issues of Researching the Modern-Time Sites of the Tom River Basin
Authors: Shirin Yu. V.
Published: April 2020

The present research deals with methodical and methodological issues of the study of post-Medieval archaeological sites. The paper focuses on the features of related field and research lab work. The author believes that archeology plays an accessory role in Modern-Time studies, which was a period of radical changes in the demographic and a political situation of Siberia. These conditions triggered the development of new socio-territorial groups, which became involved in the globalization process. Therefore, regional historical problems can be resolved only taking into account a broad historical background. The postMedieval archeology can significantly expand the range of sources for historians and ethnographers. However, the approach requires interdisciplinary interaction. Post-Medieval archeology can be successful only if it solves the tasks formulated by historians. The author proposes a comprehensive program for the accumulation and analysis of archaeological materials. The paper features the case of Modern-Time sites of the Tom River basin, namely the transformation of cultural complexes of the indigenous inhabitants of the Tom River basin in the XVII–XVIII centuries. This process was affected by various groups of Russian settlers and some Sayan-Altai ethnic groups. Therefore, the area of interest of archeology of the Modern Time is wider than "the Russian archeology" that developed in the recent years. As a result, post-Medieval archeology programs require a new methodical and methodological apparatus for scientific research and personnel training.
Health-Forming Lifestyle Aspects in Students of Various Higher Education Programs
Authors: Blinova N. G. , Varich L. A. , Poddubnyak A. О. , Skalozubova L. Е. , Vityaz S. N.
Published: April 2020

The present research featured the lifestyle of students of various educational programs at Kemerovo State University. The students were asked to give a subjective assessment of their life style. Lifestyle was understood as a set of implemented health-forming activities, e.g. time-table, diet, physical activity, habits, etc. The integrated assessment of the survey results showed that 48,5 % of the respondents led a healthy lifestyle, 9,2 % led an unhealthy lifestyle, and the remaining 42,3 % claimed to stick to a satisfactory lifestyle. The comparative analysis of all the factors revealed that the majority of students with a healthy lifestyle studied at the institutes of social psychology and philology. The authors believe that it is important to introduce students to the motives and skills of healthy lifestyle integrated at various levels of the lifestyle structure.
Evolution of the relationship between total suspended solids concentration and turbidity during flushing sequences of water pipes
Authors: Pourcel Florent , Duchesne Sophie , Ouellet Maxim
Published: April 2020

Particle accumulation and circulation in water distribution systems are significant in the development of good management practices to protect against discoloration events, which are a major cause of water customer complaints. Quantifying the amount of particles deposited in water pipes is usually done by obtaining total suspended solid measurements while performing flushing sequences, which requires time, skills, and equipment. Some authors explored the possibility of rapidly approximating total suspended solids concentration (TSSC) in water pipes by measuring water turbidity on site, but they obtained different results and coefficients of correlation. This paper presents the results of tests performed in the laboratory on a test loop. Unidirectional flushing (UDF) and air scouring sequences were performed under various hydraulic conditions and two different particle origins. Samples were obtained along each sequence, and the turbidity and TSSC were measured. The results illustrate that the ratio between turbidity and TSSC may vary greatly between samples, up to 10 times during UDF sequences and 20 times during air scouring sequences. Particle origin, flushing method, and sampling time are all factors impacting the turbidity/TSSC ratio. This is why TSSC should not be estimated from a single turbidity reading.
Limitations in using runoff coefficients for green and gray roof design
Authors: Schärer Lotte Askeland , Busklein Jan Ove , Sivertsen Edvard , Muthanna Tone M.
Published: April 2020

Climate change combined with urbanization increases the performance demand on urban drainage systems. Green roofs are one of the most used green infrastructure measures to alleviate the pressure on the urban drainage system through the detention and retention of runoff. The rational method with the runoff coefficient (C) is one of the most commonly used design tools for stormwater design in Norway. This method relies on a runoff coefficient being available for green roofs, which is typically not the case. This paper compares laboratory and experimental field studies to investigate runoff coefficients from different types of detention-based roofs. The methodology described in the German ‘FLL Guideline’, one of the world's most commonly used green roof standards, was used to measure the runoff coefficients for the different components making up a typical green roof. The contribution from each layer is reflected in the runoff coefficients. The runoff coefficients from the field experiments were calculated using observed precipitation and runoff from existing green roofs in Oslo, Trondheim, Sandnes, and Bergen, Norway. Events that had a cumulative precipitation comparable to the laboratory events, but longer durations, were selected. These events gave significantly lower and varying runoff coefficients, clearly demonstrating the limitation of choosing a suitable runoff coefficient for a given roof. However, laboratory experiments are important in understanding the underlying flow processes in the different layers in a detention-based roof.
Detection and attribution of flood responses to precipitation change and urbanization: a case study in Qinhuai River Basin, Southeast China
Authors: Bian Guodong , Du Jinkang , Song Mingming , Zhang Xueliang , Zhang Xingqi , Li Runjie , Wu Sengyao , Duan Zheng , Xu Chong-Yu
Published: April 2020

Both flood magnitude and frequency might change under the changing environment. In this study, a procedure combining statistical methods, flood frequency analysis and attribution analysis was proposed to investigate the response of floods to urbanization and precipitation change in the Qinhuai River Basin, an urbanized basin located in Southeast China, over the period from 1986 to 2013. The Mann–Kendall test was employed to detect the gradual trend of the annual maximum streamflow and the peaks over threshold series. The frequency analysis was applied to estimate the changes in the magnitude and frequency of floods between the baseline period (1986–2001) and urbanization period (2002–2013). An attribution analysis was proposed to separate the effects of precipitation change and urbanization on flood sizes between the two periods. Results showed that: (1) there are significant increasing trends in medium and small flood series according to the Mann–Kendall test; (2) the mean and threshold values of flood series in the urbanization period were larger than those in the baseline period, while the standard deviation, coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness of flood series were both higher during the baseline period than those during the urbanization period; (3) the flood magnitude was higher during the urbanization period than that during the baseline period at the same return period. The relative changes in magnitude were larger for small floods than for big floods from the baseline period to the urbanization period; (4) the contributions of urbanization on floods appeared to amplify with the decreasing return period, while the effects of precipitation diminish. The procedure presented in this study could be useful to detect the changes of floods in the changing environment and conduct the attribution analysis of flood series. The findings of this study are beneficial to further understanding interactions between flood behavior and the drivers, thereby improving flood management in urbanized basins.
Assessing the factors influencing the performance of constructed wetland–microbial fuel cell integration
Authors: Jingyu Huang , Miwornunyuie Nicholas , Ewusi-Mensah David , Koomson Desmond Ato
Published: April 2020

Constructed wetland coupled microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) systems integrate an aerobic zone and an anaerobic zone to treat wastewater and to generate bioenergy. The concept evolves based on the principles of constructed wetlands and plant MFC (one form of photosynthetic MFC) technologies, of which all contain plants. CW-MFC have been used in a wide range of application since their introduction in 2012 for wastewater treatment and electricity generation. However, there are few reports on the individual components and their performance on CW-MFC efficiency. The performance and efficiency of this technology are significantly influenced by several factors such as the organic load and sewage composition, hydraulic retention time, cathode dissolved oxygen, electrode materials and wetland plants. This paper reviews the influence of the macrophyte (wetland plants) component, substrate material, microorganisms, electrode material and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on CW-MFC performance in wastewater treatment and electricity generation. The study assesses the relationship between these parameters and discusses progress in the development of this integrated system to date.
Does influent C/N ratio affect pollutant removal and greenhouse gas emission in wastewater ecological soil infiltration systems with/without intermittent aeration?
Authors: Pang Junling , Yang Mo , Tong Deli , Fu Xu , Huang Linli , Sun Bo , Pan Jing
Published: April 2020

Wastewater ecological soil infiltration system (WESIS) is a land treatment technology for decentralized wastewater treatment that has been applied all over the world. In this study, the pollutant removal, emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and functional gene abundances with different influent C/N ratios were evaluated in WESISs with/without intermittent aeration. Intermittent aeration and influent C/N ratio affect pollutant removal and GHG emission. Increased influent C/N ratio led to high total nitrogen (TN) removal, low CH4 and N2O emission in the aerated WESIS, which was different from the non-aerated WESIS. High average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (94.8%), NH4+-N (95.1%), TN (91.2%), total phosphorus (TP) (91.1%) and low emission rates for CH4 (27.2 mg/(m2 d)) and N2O (10.5 mg/(m2 d)) were achieved with an influent C/N ratio of 12:1 in the aerated WESIS. Intermittent aeration enhanced the abundances of bacterial 16S rRNA, amoA, nxrA, narG, napA, nirK, nirS, qnorB, nosZ genes and decreased the abundances of the mcrA gene, which are involved in pollutant removal and GHG emission. Intermittent aeration would be an effective alternative to achieving high pollutant removal and low CH4 and N2O emission in high influent C/N ratio wastewater treatment.
Geneza i współczesny kształt rozwiązania problemu ‘powinien’ - ‘jest’ w filozofii i naukach prawnych
Authors: Kolczyńska Magdalena
Published: April 2020

Problem niemożliwości przekładu zdań opisowych na zdania powinnościowe został sformułowany po raz pierwszy przez Davida Hume’a w Traktacie o naturze ludzkiej i do dziś pozostaje jedną z najżywiej dyskutowanych kwestii w metaetyce. W pierwszej części niniejszego artykułu staram się w przejrzysty sposób przedstawić powyższy problem, a także prezentuję pozytywizm prawniczy jako podejście teoretycznoprawne, które opiera się na tytułowej dychotomii. Następnie badam, w jaki sposób współczesna analiza języka pomaga zakopać przepaść między nieprzystawalnymi do siebie światami faktów i powinności. Za podstawę rozważań przyjmuję koncepcje J. L. Austina, J. Searla oraz G.E.M. Anscombe. Osiągnięcia wymienionych autorów zostały twórczo wykorzystane w dziedzinie teorii prawa przez Neila MacCormicka, który porzuca pozytywistyczny paradygmat w prawie budując własną koncepcję prawa jako zbioru faktów instytucjonalnych. Pracę kończy ukazanie pokrewieństwa poglądów Neila MacCormicka z późną filozofią Ludwiga Wittgensteina, która do dziś dzień stanowi zarówno dla prawników jak i filozofów punkt wyjścia do rozważań na temat natury języka, który służy do tworzenia prawa.
Status pokrzywdzonego w postępowaniu wszczętym z oskarżenia prywatnego, do którego wstąpił prokurator
Authors: Wszołek Roksana
Published: April 2020

Niniejszy artykuł jest omówieniem statusu pokrzywdzonego w postępowaniu karnym prywatnoskargowym, które poprzez wstąpienie do niego prokuratora zyskuje statuspublicznoskargowego. Rola pokrzywdzonego, jak się okazuje, jest niebagatelna, zatem wartościowym jest zestawienie uprawnień oraz obowiązków pokrzywdzonego w procesiekarnym, prowadzonym w takim trybie. Celem artykułu jest kompleksowa, krytyczna analiza tej problematyki i porównanie statusu pokrzywdzonego w postępowaniu prywatnoskargowym ‘w czystej postaci’ oraz w zwykłym postępowaniu publicznym. Deliberacje opierają się między innymi na próbie ustalenia, która z możliwych ról pokrzywdzonego w procesie karnym jest korzystniejsza, albowiem jego status w każdej z omawianych sytuacji jest nieznacznie różny.
Carbon Nanocomposites: The Potential Heterogeneous Catalysts for Organic Transformations
Authors: Ambika  , Singh Pradeep Pratap
Published: April 2020

One of the major challenges in chemistry confronted by the chemists is the replacement
of conventional homogeneous catalysts by heterogeneous catalysts for the development
of green, sustainable and economical chemical processes. Recently, carbón-based
nanocomposites have attracted the attention of scientists due to their unique physical and
chemical properties such as large surface area and pore volume, chemical inertness, high
stability and high electrical conductivity. These NCs have been employed in energy storage,
electronic devices, sensors, environmental remediation etc. Owing to the wide availability
and low cost, carbón-based materials have been utilized as supports for transition metals
and other materials. The carbón-based NCs offer a number of advantages such as high stability,
easy recovery, reusability with often minimal leaching of metal ions, and green and
sustainable approaches to heterogeneous catalysis for various organic transformations. Hence, they can be used
as the substitute for the existing catalyst used for heterogeneous catalysis in industries. In this review, various
processing methods for carbón-based nanocomposites and their applications as heterogeneous catalysts for organic
transformations like hydrogenation, oxidation, coupling, and multi-component reactions, have been discussed.
Screening and Interaction Analysis of Key Genes in miR-542-3p Over- Expressed Osteosarcoma Cells by Bioinformatics
Authors: Li Zhongqiu , Zhang Peng , Feng Feifei , Zhang Qiao
Published: April 2020

Background:

Osteosarcoma is one of the most serious primary malignant bone tumors that threaten the lives of children and adolescents. However, the mechanism underlying and how to prevent or treat the disease have not been well understood.

Aims & Objective:

This aim of the present study was to identify the key genes and explore novel insights into the molecular mechanism of miR-542-3p over-expressed Osteosarcoma.

Materials & Methods:

Gene expression profile data GDS5367 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using GEO2R, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using the DAVID database. And protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by the STRING database. In addition, the most highly connected module was screened by plugin MCODE and hub genes by plugin CytoHubba. Furthermore, UALCAN and The Cancer Genome Atlas were performed for survival analysis.

Result:

In total, 1421 DEGs were identified, including 598 genes were up-regulated and 823 genes were down-regulated. GO analysis showed that DEGs were classified into three groups and DEGs mainly enriched in Steroid biosynthesis, Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and p53 signaling pathway. Six hub genes (UBA52, RNF114, UBE2H, TRIP12, HNRNPC, and PTBP1) may be key genes with the progression of osteosarcoma.

Conclusion:

The results could better understand the mechanism of osteosarcoma, which may facilitate a novel insight into treatment targets.
Extremophile – An Adaptive Strategy for Extreme Conditions and Applications
Authors: Kohli Isha , Joshi Naveen C. , Mohapatra Swati , Varma Ajit
Published: April 2020

The concurrence of microorganisms in niches that are hostile like extremes of temperature,
pH, salt concentration and high pressure depends upon novel molecular mechanisms to enhance the
stability of their proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and cell membranes. The structural, physiological and
genomic features of extremophiles that make them capable of withstanding extremely selective environmental
conditions are particularly fascinating. Highly stable enzymes exhibiting several industrial
and biotechnological properties are being isolated and purified from these extremophiles. Successful
gene cloning of the purified extremozymes in the mesophilic hosts has already been done. Various extremozymes
such as amylase, lipase, xylanase, cellulase and protease from thermophiles, halothermophiles
and psychrophiles are of industrial interests due to their enhanced stability at forbidding conditions.
In this review, we made an attempt to point out the unique features of extremophiles, particularly
thermophiles and psychrophiles, at the structural, genomic and proteomic levels, which allow for
functionality at harsh conditions focusing on the temperature tolerance by them.