bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Del derecho natural al pacto fiduciario: gobierno y propiedad en la economía política republicana
Authors: Laín Bru
Published: April 2020

El republicanismo cada vez suscita mayor atención por parte de la filosofía política. Sin embargo, a menudo se emplea una aproximación meramente hermenéutica que tiende a desatender las circunstancias políticas, sociales y económicas que, en efecto, dieron forma a esta tradición de pensamiento. Este artículo aborda la concepción moderna de la libertad republicana a través del caso norteamericano y francés mediante la obra de dos de sus máximos representantes, Thomas Jefferson y Maximilien Robespierre. El artículo defiende que el gobierno político, jurídico y económico –la economía política republicana– ideado por ambos, guarda importantes similitudes que la filosofía política actual no puede obviar. Para ilustrar dicha relación, se muestra que ambos pensadores recibieron una honda y similar influencia de la filosofía del derecho natural y de la teoría fiduciaria a la hora de pensar y tratar de implementar sus modelos de gobierno y su idea de propiedad.
Geometría, sorteo y política: Jacques Rancière entre Cornelius Castoriadis y Bernard Manin
Authors: Moreno Pestaña José Luis , Carballo Rodríguez Francisco Manuel
Published: April 2020

Este artículo pretende situar el sorteo en la filosofía política de Jacques Rancière. El sorteo está vinculado con una reflexión de un enorme calado filosófico sobre la igualdad aritmética y la igualdad geométrica. Partiendo de un importante trabajo de Cornelius Castoriadis al respecto, analizaremos a continuación la relación de la filosofía política de Rancière con la igualdad. Por último, nos ocuparemos del sorteo y del lugar que ocupa en su obra. El trabajo de Bernard Manin sobre las democracias antiguas y los sistemas de gobierno representativo nos ayudará a contextualizar las propuestas de Rancière sobre el recurso a la selección aleatoria en política.
Jean-Luc Nancy. El fin de Occidente y la cuestión de la comunidad
Authors: Espinoza Lolas Ricardo , Roa Hewstone Carlos
Published: April 2020

El artículo indaga una cuestión central en la obra de Jean-Luc Nancy, esto es, el problema del fin de Occidente y su consecuencia inmediata: el problema del retorno (re-tour). La evaluación que Nancy realiza sobre este asunto está asociada a su afirmación de que Occidente se ha acabado, producto de la extensión planetaria de sus consignas filosóficas fundacionales. El argumento fundamental consiste es que una de las causas más ostensibles de dicho acabamiento es la estructuración mundial, regulada por el patrón excluyente de lo Uno: el capitalismo (heredero del cristianismo) excluye todo sentido singular. Se sostiene que la principal salida a dicha neutralización planetaria es la concepción nancyana de una comunidad de seres singulares que en virtud del ser-en-común (être-en-commun) que los funda, despliega redes singulares e irrepetibles de sentido.
DSDV Extension to Enhance the Performance of Ad Hoc Networks in High Diverse-Velocity Environments
Authors: Abdel Jawad Mada’ , Salah Saeed , Zaghal Raid
Published: April 2020

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) are characterized as decentralized control networks. The mobile nodes route and forward data based on their routing information without the need for routing devices. In this type of networks, nodes move in an unstructured environment where some nodes are still fixed, others are moving in a constant velocity, and others move with diverse velocities; and thus, they need special protocols to keep track of network changes and velocity changes among the nodes. Destination Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) routing protocol is one of the most popular proactive routing protocols for wireless networks. This protocol has a good performance in general, but with high speed nodes and congested networks its performance degrades quickly.

In this paper we propose an extension to the DSDV (we call it Diverse-Velocity DSDV) to address this problem. The main idea is to modify the protocol to include node speed, determine update intervals and the duration of settling time. To evaluate the performance of the new protocol, we have carried a number of simulation scenarios using the Network Simulator tool (NS-3) and measured relevant parameters such as: packet delivery ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay, and routing overhead. We have compared our results with the original DSDV and some of its new variants. The new protocol has demonstrated a noticeable improvement of performance in all scenarios, and the measured performance metrics outperform the others except the average delay where the performance of the new protocol was modest.
BIM-VR Framework for Building Information Modelling in Engineering Education
Authors: Wong Jing-Ying , Yip Chun-Chieh , Yong Su-Ting , Chan Andy , Kok Sien-Ti , Lau Teck-Leong , Ali Mohammed T. , Gouda Essameldin
Published: April 2020

With the advancement of information technology, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is evolving fast and play an essential role in Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Owner and Operators (AECOO) industry. Universities play an important role in the current BIM transition in construction projects as well as to embrace Industry 4.0. In this research, immersive Virtual Reality (VR) in BIM offer a unique, supportive environment for the user experience in visualizing and collecting data from the model. With Virtual Reality (VR), engineering education has a major breakthrough. Immersive interactions, stereoscopic 3D, real time multisensory simulations, virtual explorations, synchronous communications, data analytics and visual analysis – all these are impossible without VR. VR offers a student-centred learning environment that promotes active and collaborative learning, situated within simulated real-world contexts.
Development of Learning Management System-Based Blended Learning Model using Claroline in Higher Education
Authors: Tubagus Munir , Muslim Suyitno , Suriani Suriani
Published: April 2020

Learning Management System (LMS) is a learning process that utilizes computer information technology equipped with internet and multimedia telecommunications facilities (graphics, audio, video) in delivering material and interaction between instructors and learners. The purpose of this study is to develop blended learning Using Claroline as a learning tool that facilitates students in learning. To achieve the objective of the study the research uses a quantitative approach to collect data using pre and post tests and questionnaires. The sample in the study were students of economic Islamic consisting of two classes, with a total of 50 students enrolled in this study. The results show that the difference in the average pre-test and post-test score was -29.43720. While the t-test that tests Ho: pre-test = post-test gives a value of t = -37.43720 with a degree of freedom of 49. While the p-value for the two-sided test of 0,000 is smaller than α = 0.05. This data approves that the statistical hypothesis Ho: pre-test = post-test is rejected, meaning that the average pre-test and post-test scores are significantly different. The findings of this study can be used to recommend effective ways of learning and teaching using e-learning that can improve student learning outcomes in higher education. The implications of this research is to encourage teachers to use e-learning technology and facilitate students with the technology in improving academic learning outcomes.
Development of SMASH Skills Training Model on Volleyball Based on Interactive Multimedia
Authors: Suhairi Muhammad , Asmawi Moch. , Tangkudung James , Hanif Achmad Sofyan , Dlis Firmansyah
Published: April 2020

— SMASH's skill is a technique that can be done by a person in a hard swooping towards your opponent to produce numbers. Interactive multimedia technology is expected to be a guideline for athletes in looking at more variation models of SMASH. The aim of development research is to produce an interactive multimedia volleyball playing skill training model. The method used in this research is development research design by Borg and Gall. The approach used in this study is a qualitative and quantitative approach. This study is hoped to improve volleyball skills by looking at the interactive multimedia volleyball playing practice model. This study concludes that interactive multimedia-based volleyball skill playing model can be used in the actual application of exercises.
Le slogan de campagne entre effet de style et argumentation : les législatives ivoiriennes de 2016
Authors: Houessou Dorgelès
Published: April 2020

À partir d’un corpus tiré des législatives ivoiriennes de 2016, cette étude explore la pratique du slogan en tant que modalité générique du discours électoral. D’un point de vue stylistique et rhétorique, elle examine la forme phonétique et rythmique des slogans liée à une praxis de configuration du sens qui est celle du discours symbolique iconique. Simultanément, elle lie ces aspects à l’argumentation dans le discours des slogans de campagne électorale en contexte ouest-africain, en tenant compte aussi bien de leur « visée » que de leur « dimension » argumentative (Amossy). Cette démarche se réalise à travers deux grandes étapes : analyse des aspects stylistiques des slogans (formes et figuralité, variantes diastratiques et diatopiques) ; étude de leurs stratégies argumentatives et de leur dimension éthotique, le tout conduisant à la formulation de réserves sur certaines occurrences contre-productives. Les slogans pris pour objet sont constamment rapportés à leur soubassement ethnoculturel à travers la notion d’« imaginaire » linguistique, ce qui permet de corréler le rhétorique avec la culture ivoirienne, tout en explorant sa dimension sociopolitique.
« Le procès du PS – pardonnez-moi –, d’UBS » : éléments d’une analyse socio-discursive des lapsus partisans
Authors: Descamps David
Published: April 2020

À partir d’un corpus composé de 66 lapsus commis par des personnalités politiques françaises, nous montrons que le mésusage involontaire d’appellations de partis est lié aux propriétés structurelles du monde auxquelles elles appartiennent ainsi qu’à des effets de champ. Nous établissons notamment que la production de ces lapsus peut être associée à l’existence de similitudes formelles entre les appellations des partis mais également à la proximité idéologique et aux parentés politiques qui existent entre eux. Il ressort aussi de notre travail que les trajectoires partisanes des personnalités politiques, les contraintes discursives au cœur des modalités argumentatives de leur discours ou encore le sens pratique politique qu’elles ont acquis jouent également un rôle dans leur production.
Nano-Structured Crystals of Zirconium Dioxide for Extreme Applications
Authors: Alisin Valeriy , Roshchin Mikhail N.
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses application possibilities of nanostructured crystals of partly stabilized zirconium dioxide in greaseless running of plain bearings in order to support normal operation of friction joints at high temperatures and in aggressive conditions. This issue is a burning one in different industries, e.g. circulating pumps in nuclear power engineering, mixing units of crystal synthesizing lines in chemical engineering; motors in space-based targets, rotors of guide blades in axial compressors of airplane engines, supports of high-speed gas centrifuges. Micro-hardness was investigated, and friction surfaces were explored using methods of X-ray, electron-microscopic and element analysis to find a wear mechanism for crystals ZrO2- Y2O3. The paper reports on tribological properties of partly stabilized zirconium dioxide crystals and prospects of their industrial usage.
Study of the Welding Zone in Double-Layer Pipe Billets Produced by Explosion Welding
Authors: Malakhov Andrey Yu. , Saikov I.V. , Denisov Igor , Cherezov Nikita
Published: April 2020

The formation of a welding zone in long pipe billets produced by explosion welding is studied in the paper. The distribution of a melt zone over the diameter of pipe billet is investigated. Melt zones mainly are formed on the ends of the sample. Their thickness increases with increasing the welding conditions. In this work, a solid interlayer of mixed composition is shown to be formed during the explosion welding of steel pipe billets (08Kh18N10T and 37G2F) with a length of 1 meter. Comparison of the data obtained for the welding zones between pipe and sheet billets showed that solid interlayers of melts were formed in pipe billets with a smaller length as compared with sheet billets. A technique for estimating the effect of shock-compressed gas on the surface of the sheets subjected to welding with the adaptation of calculations for the welding of cylindrical products was used for a theoretical estimate of the maximum thickness of melt zones in the welding zone under certain explosion welding conditions along the length of billets. The calculations showed that the geometrical dimensions and thermodynamic parameters of shock-compressed gas will increase linearly depending on the path traveled by the contact point.
Structural and Phase Changes in Tin Coatings Subjected to Thermal Treatment
Authors: Kenesbekov Aidar , Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Kozhanova Rauan , Stepanova Olga
Published: April 2020

This work presents the experimental results of the study of the effect of heat treatment on the structural-phase state of TiN coatings on the surface of 67KH5B alloy. It is determined that thermal annealing leads to structural phase transformations at the interface between the coating and the substrate. It was established that after annealing at Т=800 °С, due to the redistribution of the coating elements and the substrate, a modified coating is formed consisting of the TiN, Ti2N and NiTi phases.
Influence of Heat Treatment on the Phase Composition and Microhardness of Coatings Based on Ti3SiC2/ TiC
Authors: Buitkenov Dastan , Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Erbolatuly Dosym , Sagdoldina Zhuldyz
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses the results of studying the structure and properties of powder coatings based on Ti3SiC2/TiC, obtained by the method of detonation spraying on the surface of the tool steel N9. It is determined that the coating has a uniform structure, cracks and delaminations are not observed. The results of X-ray structural analysis of coatings showed that the coating before annealing consists of phases TiC and Ti3SiC2. After annealing, the formation of TiO2 phases and an increase in the intensity of the (103) and (108) reflections of the Ti3SiC2 phases are observed. It is established that an increase in the content of the phases of Ti3SiC2 in coatings leads to an increase in the microhardness of coatings.
Selective Laser Melting of Magnesium
Authors: Saprykin Alexandr , Sharkeev Yuriy , Saprykina Natalya , Ibragimov Egor
Published: April 2020

Magnesium-based materials find their use mainly in manufacturing light-weight constructions in motor-car, airspace industries, and biomedicine due to the low density. This paper provides an overview of introducing magnesium into SLM technology and describes searching experiments to prepare samples of magnesium powder МPF-4 (Russian State Standard 6001-79) conducted in the Laboratory of Yurga Institute of Technology. The study has determined appropriate parameters to synthesize a compact structure: laser output power 100 W, laser beam movement velocity 200 mm/s, scanning pitch 0.1 mm, modulation frequency of laser irradiation m = 2500 Hz, linear energy density Е=5 J/mm2, the process is to be carried out in argon shielding medium.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Road Concrete Containing Coal Ashes of Thermal Power Stations Located in Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Vasilovskaya Galina V. , Berseneva Maria L. , Yakshina Alexandra A. , Servatinsky V. V. , Bogdanov Igor Ya.
Published: April 2020

Retracted: The paper reports on outcomes of research into a road concrete containing coal ash powders of thermal power stations located in Krasnoyarsk. The study was focused on characteristics of a fly ash, and ash taken in an ash-disposal area of Krasnoyarsk Thermal Power Station 1, as well as ash of Beryozovskaya GRES. To compare characteristics a standard limestone powder was used. Physical and mechanical characteristics, chemical and mineral composition of these powders were analyzed. Mineral powders differed in a concentration of free calcium oxide (СаОfr.). Samples of a fine-grained road concrete were composed and prepared using materials above. Physical and mechanical properties of formed road concrete samples were tested. A coefficient K was introduced to assess the relation between key characteristics of a road concrete mix and concentration of free calcium oxide, furthermore, it considers a percentage of СаОfr. in ash (m) and percentage of this ash in a road concrete (n), i.e. К= m·n. It has been established a coefficient К ranging 0 to 32 СаОfr. has no significant effect on characteristics of a road concrete mix. A fly ash and ash taken in an ash-disposal area of Krasnoyarsk thermal power station 1 are recommended for the use in industry as a mineral powder in a road concrete mix. Additionally, ash taken in an ash-disposal area is to be dried and grinded, a maximal content of a fly ash in a road concrete mix is estimated to be 4% provided that a concentration of СаОfr. is less than 8%.
Preparation and Study of the Properties of Aluminum Powders, Suitable for the Manufacture of Powder Electrodes
Authors: Latypov Rashit A. , Ageev Evgeniy V. , Novikov Evgeniy P.
Published: April 2020

The results of the study of the shape, morphology and elemental composition of aluminum powder particles obtained in distilled water with the following electrical parameters of the electroerosive dispersion unit are presented: the capacity of discharge capacitors is 65 μF, voltage 100 V, pulse frequency 50 Hz. It is established that the powder consists of particles of regular spherical shape (or elliptical), irregular shape (conglomerates) and fragmentation, and the main elements of the powder are aluminum and oxygen. The obtained powder materials can be used for the manufacture of powder electrodes used in welding and surfacing of a wide range of parts.
Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Particle in Thermal Plasma Flow
Authors: Shekhovtsov Valentin , Volokitin Oleg , Volokitin Gennady , Skripnikova Nelly
Published: April 2020

The paper presents research into heat and mass transfer in agglomerated particles exposed to the thermal plasma flow. The dynamic motion, heating and melting are considered for agglomerated particles. It is shown that the surface temperature of porous particles rather rapidly reaches the value of Tsur>Tmelt starting from the area of their introduction into the plasma flow. This effect is determined by the low conductivity of porous particles and indicates to a great temperature difference between the particle surface and its nucleus. It is shown that hollow particles can be obtained from silica sand treated by thermal plasma at 6700 K and 515 m/s velocity. The particle surface displays no clear defects. According to the analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns, the obtained hollow particles have no diffraction peaks.
Towards the Problem of Construction an SPD Stress-Strain Curve for Low-Plastic Materials
Authors: Morrev Pavel G. , Kapyrin Kostya I. , Gryadunov I.M. , Radchenko Sergey Y. , Dorokhov Daniil O. , Gordon Vladimir A.
Published: April 2020

Stress-strain curve construction for low-plastic alloys under severe plastic deformation conditions is considered. A material under investigation is cast bronze Cu85-Pb5-Sn5-Zn5. Experiments on upsetting and deep rolling were conducted. Based on these data, the initial hardening modular and the hardening modular at large strain were evaluated. Classic tests on determining an initial segment of stress-strain curve can lead to grate mistakes because shear band sliding can diminishes appreciably both yield stress and hardening modular. A correct methodology for stress-strain curve construction is proposed.
Three-Component Composite Based on Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Panin Sergey , Buslovich Dmitry , Kornienko Ludmila , Dontsov Yuriy
Published: April 2020

A comparative analysis on structure, mechanical and tribological properties of a multicomponent extrudable polymer composites "UHMWPE + 17 wt. % HDPE-g-SMA + 12 wt. % PP" fabricated by i) FDM (fused deposition modeling) as well as hot pressing of ii) powder mixture, and iii) granules of the same composition has been conducted. It is shown that UHMWPE composites obtained by the 3D–printing over a complex of tribomechanical properties (wear resistance, friction coefficient, elastic modulus, yield point, tensile strength, elongation at break) are comparable with those of composites fabricated by compression sintering of granules (this is associated with formation of more homogeneous permolecular structure, first of all, due to the compounding with the help of a twin-screw extruder) and significantly exceed those for hot pressing of powder mixtures. The obtained results allow one to recommend this composite for manufacturing complex shape products for tribotechnical application at employing 3D-printing technologies.
Mechanism of Silicon Plate Decay in Aluminum Matrix under Electron Beam Effect
Authors: Sarychev Vladimir , Nevskii Sergey A. , Konovalov Sergey , Semin Alexander , Martusevich Elena , Gromov Victor
Published: April 2020

The decay mechanism of silicon particles in silumin in the thermal effect zone of low-energy high-current electron beam is proposed. Its essence consists in the fact that under the effect of the mechanical stresses the interface of silicon inclusion with aluminum matrix becomes instable resulting in the decay of silicon particle. It was supposed that the instability was the analog of Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The mechanical stresses arising due to the discrepancy of the elastic moduli and the linear expansion coefficients of the inclusion and the matrix are the analogs of gravity force. The analysis of the initial stage of instability within the frameworks of the visco-potential approximation has shown that the dependence of the rate of perturbations’ growth has only one maximum which falls on the wave length of the order ≈ 500 nm that is 5-fold higher than that of the experimental data. Such a discrepancy may be explained by the fact that when developing the model the temperature of the silicon inclusion and the aluminum matrix was considered to be constant, similar and being equal to the eutectic temperature of silumin. In fact, the temperatures of the inclusion and the matrix are different. To take into account the influence of these facts on the instability of the interface the new investigations are necessary.
Pecularities of Strength Assessment of Cast-in-Situ Structures in Terms of Siberia
Authors: Endzhievskaya Irina G. , Kalugin Iliya G. , Deygraf Sergey O. , Galkin Maksim A.
Published: April 2020

This article states the results of experimental studies to assess concrete strength in cast-in-situ structures based on a systematic approach, including integrated research methods at all stages of construction of reinforced concrete structures. It was established that the concrete strength of the sample-cubes made on the object simultaneously with the structure and stored under the same conditions was slightly lower than the structures and standard control samples. The decrease in the strength of concrete samples from structures is on average 13,3%. Its value is effected by several factors, one of the main was the maintenance of the structure. The most appropriate is to meet the requirements of achieving 70% of the design strength and higher percentage is required for cast-in-situ construction in terms of winter pouring concrete. At the same time, along with the assessment of the physical and mechanical properties of the structure by non-destructive methods, it is necessary to carry out tests aimed at determining the actual concrete strength based on samples made in the batching plant laboratory and solidified (cured) in permissible humidity conditions (herein after referred as PHC).
Third Generation of Working Fluids for Advanced Refrigeration Heating and Power Generation Technologies
Authors: Tsvetkov Oleg B. , Baranov Igor V. , Laptev Yuriy A. , Sharkov Alexander V. , Mitropov Vladimir V. , Fedorov Alexey V.
Published: April 2020

Since the 1987 Montreal Protocol, chlorinated refrigerants (CFCs and HCFCs) have been pointed out as responsible for the destruction of the ozone layer. The chemical industry has realized suitable replacement for CFC-12 and for HCFC-22 e.g. HFC-134a, HFC-404A, HFC-410A, HFC-507. This generation of refrigerants developed by the chemical industry can be characterized by the no ozone depleting potential and long atmospheric lifetime resulting in global warming potential. The contribution of the HFCs to the global warming brings up to discussion whether the HFCs should be considered as a transitional substance. Historically the use of natural and ecologically safe refrigerants was a strategy to eliminate environmental problems and avoid uncertainties with synthetic replacement fluids. Since ammonia is toxic, carbon dioxide provide high pressure, and the hydrocarbons are flammable, the general conclusion is often drawn that natural fluids gave safety problems. This paper will describe the possibilities of application as working fluids in low-temperature engineering refrigeration, heat pumping and organic Rankine cycles of the hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) as third generation of synthetic working fluids.
Influence of Electrolyte-Plasma Hardening Technological Parameters on the Structure and Properties of Banding Steel 2
Authors: Tabieva Erkezhan Erkinbekkyzy , Zhurerova Laila Gylymmeddenovna , Baizhan Daryn
Published: April 2020

This work is devoted to the study of the influence of technological parameters of electrolytic-plasma surface quenching (EPQ) on the structure and surface properties of samples of bandage steel 2. In the electrolytic-plasma treatment, we performed the cathode mode in an electrolyte containing an aqueous solution of 20% carbamide (NH2)2CO and 20% sodium carbonate Na2CO3, on the installation of EPO with appropriate technological processing conditions. According to the electron-optical, X-ray phase studies, the phase composition of the steel after the EPQ was determined this differs from the initial one by the formation of cementite and iron oxides on the surface of the samples. It is established that the microhardness of the bandage steel 2 after the EPQ during heating for 4 seconds increases 2.4 times in comparison with the initial state.
Surface Formation Mechanisms in Selective Laser Melting of Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum Powder
Authors: Saprykin Alexandr , Sharkeev Yuriy , Saprykina Natalya , Ibragimov Egor
Published: April 2020

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a manufacturing technology of metal parts of any shapes with target mechanical properties by means of laser melting. This paper discusses the effect of SLM parameters: laser output power, laser movement velocity, scanning pitch and preheating temperature of a powdered material on surface formation mechanism, namely, its physical configuration when melting cobalt-chromium-molybdenum powdered material Со28Cr3Mo. The study points at structural differences of melted surfaces even under identical process parameters. Several types of surface formation are identified, e.g. homogenous melt, coagulated particles, and shapeless particles. Vapor pressure, Marangoni effect, and heat effect of a melted powder are stated to be key reasons for rough surface. This research is of high importance for understanding the effect of SLM parameters on formation of a target quality surface, positive stability and repeatable accuracy of the process.
Resource-Saving Technologies in Production Cold-Resistant Steels
Authors: Nohrina Olga I. , Rogihina Irina D. , Golodova Marina A. , Valuev Denis V.
Published: April 2020

The possibility of application for steel alloying with vanadium of the technology based on restoration of vanadium from oxides of converter vanadic slag with use of the reducers (carbon of a koksik and silicon of ferrosilicium) having low cost and a purge gaseous nitrogen with high coefficient of extraction of the alloying element is shown.
High-Quality Low - Phosphorous Manganese Alloys for Production of Steel of Low-Temperature Reliability
Authors: Nohrina Olga I. , Rogihina Irina D. , Golodova Marina A. , Proshunin Ivan E. , Valuev Denis V.
Published: April 2020

The problem of enrichment and dephosphorization of poor manganese ores for receiving the low-phosphorous alloys necessary for smelting of steel of low-temperature reliability is considered.
Early Communication Intervention with Young Children with Pierre Robin Sequence
Authors: Fair Lisl , Louw Brenda
Published: April 2020

Young children with Pierre Robin sequence are at considerable risk to develop delayed or disordered communication development. This study investigated the effectiveness of early communication intervention with four young children with Pierre Robin sequence, aged 5 to 28 months. The Proportional Change Index (Wolery, 1983) was used to determine the amount of child progress that took place during the intervention period. The results indicated that regular early communication intervention sessions over an extended period of time produced positive results, especially for expressive language abilities. The presence of a slight hearing loss due to otitis media, seemed to have influenced the effectiveness of early communication intervention. One subject displayed an associated disorder and evidenced the slowest rate of development for receptive and expressive language abilities as well as a limited phonetic repertoire for consonants. All but one subject had limited phonetic repertoires possibly due to velopharyngeal incompetence. Early communication intervention services should be delivered regularly over an extended period of time and the hearing abilities and speech production skills of young children with Pierre Robin sequence should be followed closely during early communication intervention.
An Alternative Non-Traditional Approach to Learning: The Metacognitive-Mapping Approach
Authors: Leaf Caroline M. , Louw Brenda , Uys Isabel C.
Published: April 2020

The current article is a continuation of a previous article (Leaf, Uys Louw 1997) suggesting that alternatives to the current traditional perceptions of learning and therapeutic methods are essential if learning institutions are to enable learners to move successfully into the next millenium. The need for the speech-language therapist to adopt a non-traditional approach to learning and to change from a language instructor to a learning facilitator within a consultative-collaborative role in the unique South African situation is discussed. Research results, specifically relating to how the speech-language therapist can assist teachers in changing to a non-traditional facilitative role, are presented.
Cardiac Rhythm Management Devices and Ablation Procedures in Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Gatzoulis Konstantinos A. , Tsiachris Dimitrios , Balta Georgia , Antoniou Christos-Konstantinos , Arsenos Petros , Dilaveris Polychronis , Tousoulis Dimitrios
Published: April 2020

Psychiatric patients often present with symptoms similar to those indicating the need for a cardiac rhythm management device or even cardiac arrhythmia ablation. However, due to the unreliability of symptom self-reporting, the ability of the underlying neuropsychiatric condition to elicit similar phenomena, and the perceived reduced compliance and increased complication rates among this population, both of the above approaches remain underutilized with often detrimental effects. In the present case series, it is attempted to describe an alternative, electrophysiology study-guided approach to these patients, aiming to both firmly establish the need for invasive intervention (including implantation of pacemakers – three cases, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators – three cases, and electrophysiological ablations – two cases), as well as dispel preconceptions, bordering on stigma, regarding their outcomes.
Computed Tomography–Determined Sarcopenia Is a Useful Imaging Biomarker for Predicting Postoperative Outcomes in Elderly Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Xie Hailun , Gong Yizhen , Kuang Jiaan , Yan Ling , Ruan Guotian , Tang Shuangyi , Gao Feng , Gan Jialiang
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study aimed to establish whether computed tomography (CT)–determined sarcopenia is a useful imaging biomarker for postoperative outcome in elderly colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and construct sarcopenia-based nomograms to predict individual outcomes after surgery.Materials and MethodsCT imaging data of 298 elderly CRC patients who underwent surgery in 2012-2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Skeletal muscle mass was determined by CT, and sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the optimal cutoff value determined by X-tile program. The correlation between sarcopenia and risk of preoperative nutrition and postoperative complications was evaluated. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine survival predictors. Sarcopenia-based nomograms were developed based on multivariate analysis, and calibrated using concordance index and calibration curves.ResultsA total 132 patients (44.3%) had sarcopenia based on the optimum cutoff values (29.9 cm2/m2 for women and 49.5 cm2/m2 for men). Sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for preoperative nutrition (p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 3.405; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.948 to 5.954) and postoperative complications (p=0.008; OR, 2.192; 95% CI, 1.231 to 3.903). Sarcopenia was an independent predictor for poor progression-free survival (p < 0.001; hazard ratio [HR], 2.175; 95% CI, 1.489 to 3.179) and overall survival (p < 0.001; HR, 2.524; 95% CI, 1.721 to 3.703). Based on multivariate analysis, we produced four nomograms that had better predictive performance.ConclusionCT-determined sarcopenia is a useful imaging biomarker for predicting preoperative nutritional risk, postoperative complications, and long-term outcomes in elderly CRC patients. The sarcopenia-based nomograms can provide a scientific basis for guiding therapeutic schedule and follow-up strategies.
Efficacy and Safety of Ayurveda Interventions for Obesity
Authors: Rai Amit K , Kumari Harit , Ahmad Azeem , Kumar Sanjiv , Rao Bhogavalli Chandra Sekhara , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: April 2020

Background:

Obesity is similar to Sthaulya or Medoroga described in Ayurvedic classical texts. Results from case studies/series and small clinical trials concluded that Ayurveda interventions have been effective in the management of obesity. This protocol aimed to do a systematic review of clinical studies related to Ayurvedic interventions in the management of obesity and further meta-analysis of eligible studies to generate the evidence regarding effectiveness and safety of Ayurvedic treatment modalities for obesity.

Materials and methods:

Clinical studies related to Ayurvedic interventions in the management of Sthaulya/Medoroga or overweight/obesity published in English/Hindi will be screened as per the inclusion criteria without restriction on publication date and type. Primary outcomes to be assessed will be improvement in clinical features of Sthaulya/Medoroga and change in body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and skin-fold thickness. Data will be extracted independently by two review authors on study characteristics (authorship, publication-related information, methodology, participants, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and results) in a prestructured format for assessment of study quality and data analysis. Two authors will independently assess the risk of bias in included studies. We will conduct metaanalyses only when the included studies will be sufficiently homogeneous in terms of design, study population characteristics, interventions, and outcome measures. If meta-analyses will not be conducive, we will summarize the results of included studies as systematic qualitative synthesis.

Conclusion:

The results generated from this review will be helpful in identifying the status of evidence for Ayurvedic interventions in management of obesity. It will also provide way for future research to generate stronger evidence regarding efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions in the treatment of obesity.

Clinical significance:

The study will be able to generate evidence for effective implementation of Ayurvedic interventions in treatment and prevention strategies for obesity.

Study registration:

PROSPERO 2019—CRD42019130104.
Ayurvedic Approach for Management of Uterine Fibroid
Authors: Rawat Neha , Barla Manjry A , Roushan Rakesh
Published: April 2020

A 31-year-old woman presented with uterine fibroid of 12.3 mm diameter in right lateral uterine wall and a cyst of 30 mm diameter in left ovary. She was intended to treat with some Ayurvedic formulations. Fibroids are the abnormal growths that develop in a woman's uterus. Sometimes these tumors are quite large and cause severe abdominal pain and heavy periods. In other cases, they cause no signs or symptoms at all. The growths are typically benign or noncancerous. The cause of fibroids is unknown. Fibroids are also called leiomyomas or myomas. Ayurvedic drugs have been proved useful for these manifestations. The case was treated for 14 months with a combination of different Ayurvedic drugs to alleviate symptoms and reduce the size of fibroid. Patient came with the complaint of excessive menstrual bleeding with pelvic pain and was diagnosed with uterine fibroid by ultrasonography (USG). This patient of uterine fibroid, diagnosed as Granthi was treated with Pradarantak rasa, Kanchnar guggulu, Arogyavardhini vati, Kumaryasava, Ashokarishta, and Pushyanuga churna during the treatment. Only oral Ayurvedic drugs were used during the treatment. Patient's condition was assessed for symptoms of uterine fibroid which was completely relieved. No evidence of uterine fibroid was seen in USG; therefore, it indicates the case of uterine fibroid successfully and completely cured with Ayurvedic treatment. Surgical removal of uterine fibroid or cyst is the only curative treatment in contemporary modern medical science. In Ayurveda, it may be successfully treated with oral Ayurvedic drugs and without surgical intervention.
A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Ayurvedic Interventions for Essential Hypertension
Authors: Deshmukh Saylee , Mundada Pallavi S , Ram Thrigulla Saketh , Gundeti Manohar S
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

A systematic review (SR) is planned to investigate the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of Ayurvedic interventions in the management of essential hypertension through analyzing published and unpublished clinical research.

Materials and methods:

A systematic review of published and unpublished clinical researches on Ayurveda interventions in the management of essential hypertension will be conducted. Electronic search will be carried out in PubMed, AYUSH Research Portal, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and hand search, snowballing of studies will also be performed to fetch complete available literature. Manual search will be carried out for Ayurveda Post Graduate (PG) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) dissertations on management of essential hypertension. The selection of the studies, data extraction, and synthesis will be performed independently by researchers, and disagreements will be sought by a third reviewer. Established guidelines for study selection, quality assessment and narrative synthesis will be followed. Risk of bias assessment will be performed with help of Cochrane RoB2 tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and ROBINS-I tool for non-RCTs (NRCTs). Results will be narratively synthesized and will present the same in count, percentage and frequency. As this will be the first SR on this topic, outlining the protocol ensures transparency for the completed review. Patients will not be involved in any phase of the study; however, ethical approval has been sought from the institutional ethics committee.

Results:

The review is ongoing and after completion, the review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The review will be updated to inform and guide healthcare practice and policy.

Trial registration number:

PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019123886.
A Systematic Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Ayurveda Interventions for Hepatitis
Authors: Dedge Amrish P , Mandal Tushar K , Gundeti Manohar S , Bhurake Laxman W , Kale Shyam G , Dave Parth P
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

A systematic review is planned to investigate the safety and efficacy of Ayurveda interventions for hepatitis through analyzing published clinical research work.

Materials and methods:

We shall conduct a systematic review published clinical work for Ayurveda interventions for hepatitis. Electronic search of following databases will be performed: PubMed, AYUSH Research Portal, Digital Helpline for Ayurveda Research Articles (DHARA), Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library (the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Cochrane Methodology Register) without any restriction of publication year. Hand search, snowballing of studies will also be performed to fetch complete available literature. The selection of the studies, data abstraction, and validations will be performed independently by two teams of researchers. A conclusion will be derived from the consensus of the complete review team. Study selection will follow the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and study quality will be assessed by the CONSORT checklist for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), transparent reporting of evaluations with nonrandomized designs (TREND) checklist for nonrandomized controlled trials (NRCTs), and CONSORT extension for pilot and feasibility studies for pilot studies. Risk of bias assessment will be performed with the help of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) tool for RCTs and risk of bias in nonrandomised studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for NRCTs. If sufficient and appropriate data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be performed if found to be necessary and feasible.

Dissemination:

The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The review will also be disseminated electronically and in print. The review will be updated to inform and guide healthcare practice and policy.

Trial registration number:

PROSPERO 2019: CRD42019103115.
Total Worker Health® Needs Assessment to Identify Workplace Mental Health Interventions in Rural and Urban Jails
Authors: Jaegers Lisa A. , Ahmad Syed Omar , Scheetz Gregory , Bixler Emily , Nadimpalli Saketh , Barnidge Ellen , Katz Ian M. , Vaughn Michael G. , Matthieu Monica M.
Published: April 2020

Importance: Jail officers are an underserved population of public safety workers at high risk for developing chronic mental health conditions.

Objective: In response to national calls for the examination of stressors related to the unique work contexts of correctional facilities, we implemented a pilot study informed by the Total Worker Health® (TWH) strategy at two urban and two rural jails.

Design: Participatory teams guided areas of interest for a mixed-data needs assessment, including surveys with 320 jail officers to inform focus groups (N = 40).

Setting: Urban and rural jails in the midwestern United States.

Participants: Jail correctional officers and sheriff’s deputies employed at participating jails.

Measures: We measured mental health characteristics using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Mental Health scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, and the two-item Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. Constructs to identify workplace characteristics included emotional support, work–family conflict, dangerousness, health climate, organizational operations, effectiveness of training, quality of supervision, and organizational fairness.

Results: On the basis of general population estimates, we found that jail officers were at higher risk for mental health disorders, including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Jail officers identified workplace health interventions to address individual-, interpersonal-, institutional-, and community-level needs.

Conclusion: Implementation of a TWH needs assessment in urban and rural jails to identify evidence-informed, multilevel interventions was found to be feasible. Using this assessment, we identified specific workplace health protection and promotion solutions.

What This Article Adds: Results from this study support the profession’s vision to influence policies, environments, and systems through collaborative work. This TWH study has implications for practice and research by addressing mental health needs among jail officers and by providing practical applications to create evidence-informed, tailored interventions to promote workplace health in rural and urban jails.
Student Technology Acceptance of 3D Printing in Occupational Therapy Education
Authors: Benham Sara , San Steven
Published: April 2020

Importance: Reports on the integration of 3D printing in occupational therapy education and changes in student acceptance of technology over time are lacking.

Objective: 3D printing technology applications may offer effective solutions to increase client participation in occupations. However, the use of these applications in occupational therapy practice requires attention to occupational therapy students’ perception of the technology’s usefulness and ease of use. Students’ perception of technology potentially influences their perceptions of technology use in future practice.

Design: This was an exploratory one-group, pretest–posttest, repeated-measures study over 12 wk to examine whether an assignment that integrated 3D printing improved students’ perceptions of technology acceptance. The study used a modified questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

Setting: Academic educational institution.

Participants: Second-year entry-level occupational therapy students (N = 58).

Results: Paired t tests showed significant differences for all categories of the TAM questionnaire, including perceived usefulness (p = .001), perceived ease of use (p < .001), attitude toward using (p = .014), and intention to use (p < .001).

Conclusion: The experiential learning assignment increased students’ acceptance of 3D printing technology; however, future studies should include an exploration of clients’ acceptance and perception of technology.

What This Article Adds: This study provides evidence for the use of instructional strategies for “maker” technologies by educators when integrating experiential and interactive approaches.