bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron-Based Amorphous Magnetic Properties by Ni Content Tuning and Isothermal Treatment
Authors: Liu Peng Fei , Chen Wen Jun , Li Jun Jun , Zhou Ru Long , Zhang Bo
Published: February 2018

In this work, we have developed a series of amorphous alloy ribbons of Fe75Co4B13Y4Nb4-xNix(x=0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4) which were prepared by industrial purity alloy. Besides, the effects of Ni substitution and isothermal annealing on the saturation magnetization (Ms) and intrinsic coercive force (jHc) were systematically investigated. The SQUID-VSM data pointed out the Mshas been increased by Ni content addition with largest enhanced by 57 % from 114 emu/g to 180 emu/g. After quickly annealing at the optimal temperature, the Msreached 199 emu/g and jHcdecreased from 50 Oe to 33 Oe. DSC measurements displayed that this system has a multi-step crystallization in the heating process. Under the premise of maintaining the excellent amorphous forming ability (AFA), the gap between the two crystallization peaks was broadened with Ni addition, which is good to the forming of α-Fe phase at the annealing treatment. And this was also consistent with the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results. The Scherrer formula calculated results suggested that isothermal annealing has significant effect on size of α-Fe nanocrystals in annealing process, which obvious affect the Msand jHc. The annealing temperature and time can not only affect the precipitation of nano-crystalline, but also control the grain size. Hence, an appropriate annealing process is very important to improve the properties of these iron-based nanocrystalline magnetic materials. In conclusion, the results will help us to understand the influence of Ni elements and isothermal annealing on the microstructure and magnetic of Fe75Co4B13Y4Nb4-xNixamorphous alloys.
Effect of Annealing Time on the Magnetic Properties of FeNiCuNbSiB Dual-Phase Alloys
Authors: Li Zhun , Yao Ke Fu , Li De Ren , Ni Xiao Jun , Lu Zhi Chao
Published: February 2018

A series of Fe75.5-xNixCu1Nb3Si12.5B8 (x=0.5-10 at. %) soft magnetic dual-phase alloys with low permeability were synthesized by adjusting Ni content. Effect of annealing on the soft-magnetic properties, crystallization behavior and microstructure were investigated. It is found that the temperature interval between the two crystallization temperature is significantly decreased from 169 to 127°C when the Ni content of the alloys increases from x=0.5 to x=10, which greatly reduces the optimum annealing temperature range. The alloys with higher Ni content are prone to exhibit lower permeability, and the alloys with the composition of Fe65.5Ni10Cu1Nb3Si12.5B8 exhibit excellent soft-magnetic properties, including the low permeability of 3350, low coercivity of about 1.26 A/m and low remanence of 8 mT. The combination of low permeability and excellent soft-magnetic properties makes the FeNiCuNbSiB nanocrystalline alloys to be a kind of promising material for common mode chokes and current transformer with direct current tolerance.
Effect of Equal Channel Angular Pressing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZL205A Alloy
Authors: Guo Ting Biao , Li Qi , Wang Chen , Wei Shi Ru , Wu Yi Bo
Published: February 2018

The evolution of microstructure of ZL205A alloy during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) by route A at room temperature was investigated by OM, SEM and XRD, and the hardness of cast and heat treatment alloy from different strain were tested. The results showed that the grain of cast alloy were obviously refined, the massive q phase along the grain boundary were crushed, and prompts the distribution of q streamline after one pass through ECAP. After two passes of ECAP, the distribution of q phase is more uniform. After heat treatment through ECAP, the grains were also obviously refined, and elongated in axial direction, which also prompts the distribution of q streamline. The hardness was significantly improved after ECAP. The hardness of cast alloy increases from 65HV to 132HV after two passes, and that of heat treatment alloy increases from 112HV to 198HV. With the increase of extrusion passes, the number of dimples gradually increased and evenly distributed, the depth of dimples was of a similar level, and the distribution of precipitated phase is more uniform.
Effects of Mechanical Vibration on Double Curvature Creep Aging Forming of 2124 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wang Yu , Deng Yun Lai , Zhang Jin , Zhang Yong , Zhang Xin Ming
Published: February 2018

This Paper studied the precipitation behaviour and creep deformation of 2124 aluminum alloy based on the concept of complex field. A mechanical vibration field was introduced into the creep aging forming process of 2124 aluminum alloy, and its effects on creep deformation, precipitations behaviour and mechanical properties under the condition of double curvature loading and aging temperature were investigated by three-dimensional scanning technique, TEM and tensile test, respectively. The results showed that the spring back value along the rolling and transverse direction presented after creep aging forming were reduced by 25% and 15% respectively. The volume fraction of precipitates increased and distributed more densely and uniformly. Meanwhile, the yield stress improved by 15MPa and the degree of anisotropy decreased by 17% with mechanical vibration field applied to the manufacturing process.
Improvement Effects of Different Environmental Materials on Coastal Saline-Alkali Soil in Yellow River Delta
Authors: Li Fang Ze , Huang Zhan Bin , Ma Yan , Sun Zai Jin
Published: February 2018

Based on the characters of coastal saline-alkali soil in Yellow River Delta, four kinds of soil with the total salt content of 0.13%, 0.24%, 0.86%, 2.07% respectively, were used as the research objects in this study. Leaching experiment of soil improvement were operated by using flue gas desulfurization gypsum and humic acid as the soil amendments through single or combined application. After leaching, the pH values, EC and the total salt content including Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ of four times leachate were analyzed. Meanwhile, the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was also calculated in order to evaluate the amendment efficiency. The results showed that: the pH values of the leachate of flue gas desulfurization gypsum without (treat A) or with humic acid (treat C) were significantly lower than that of control group (treatment CK) and humic acid (treatment B), while the EC values were significantly higher. For the saline-alkali soil, all of treatment A, B and C could decrease soil pH, exchangeable Na+ and soil SAR. Treatment B could decrease the total salt content insignificantly, while treatment A and C could increase the total salt content significantly. By analyzing the results, it was found that treatment C had the most significant improvement effect, comparing with the treatment CK. PH was decreased respectively 0.26%, 0.83%, 1.05% and 1.83%, Na+ was decreased respectively 82.4%, 92.6%, 89.1% and 78.6%, SAR was decreased respectively 97.4%, 98.5%, 97.7% and 94.7%. The experimental results demonstrate that a combined application of flue gas desulfurization gypsum and humic acid is a potential method to improve coastal saline alkali soil in Yellow River Delta on the basis of ensuring the irrigation amount.
Denitrification Activities of Mg-Mo-V-Ti Catalysts Prepared by Dipping Method at Low Temperature
Authors: Ma Dong Zhu , Li Jian , Zhang Ling , Guo Peng , Wen Zi Qiang , Guo Li Jiang
Published: February 2018

Mg-Mo-V-Ti catalysts of low temperature denitrification were prepared by dipping method. In order to study the activity of selective catalytic reduction, the catalyst was placed in a fixed bed reactor. Industrial flue gas was simulated with cylinder gas. Results indicate that the 0.1wt% content of MgO catalyst has good performance on denitration activity and sulfur resistance. The effects of oxygen content, space velocity and reaction temperature on the activity of the 0.1MgO-6MoO3-3V2O5-TiO2 wt% catalyst were investigated. With the increase of oxygen concentration, the denitrification efficiency increases when the oxygen concentration is less than 8%. When the oxygen content is greater than 8%, the denitrification efficiency is almost the same. The denitrification efficiency decreases with the increase of space velocity. The removal efficiency of NO 0.1MgO-6MoO3-3V2O5-TiO2 wt% catalyst over increases first and then becomes stable with the increase of temperature, and the conversion efficiency of SO2 is less than or equal to 2.2% at 120~240 °C.
Polyamidine as a New-Style Coagulant Aid for Dye Wastewater Treatment and its Floc Characteristics
Authors: Xue Mo Xi , Gao Bao Yu , Xu Xing , Song Wen
Published: February 2018

Polyamidine (PA) is a novel high cation coagulant aid for water treatment. In the present study the structure, coagulation ability and floc characteristics (including coagulation kinetics, floc dimension, floc strength and floc recover ability) were discussed. As a dual-coagulation, polyamidine was combined with AlCl3and PAC to remove dispersed yellow from wastewater. The results showed that the polyamidine exhibited higher intrinsic viscosity and higher charge neutralization ability than cationic polyacrylamide (PAM). Atomic force microscopic (AFM) and transmission electronic microscopic (TEM) images showed a dendritic, stretched structure of PA. The dosage of PAC/PA and AlCl3/PA and pH were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum condition, the color removal efficiency reached 96% as the concentration of 14/0.2 mg/L for AlCl3/PA (PA was combined with AlCl3) at pH 6. Meanwhile, the highest decoloring efficiency (97%) was achieved in the process when PAC/PA (PA was combined with PAC) dosage was 18/0.6 mg/L at pH 6.0-8.0. The addition of polyamidine could improve the color removal efficiency, including increasing the zeta potential evidently and reducing the aluminum coagulants dosage as well. Compared with AlCl3/PA, PAC/PA which contained higher polymeric aluminum, exhibited a better coagulation ability to adapt a wide range of pH. However, when PAC/PA and AlCl3/PA expressed the same removal efficiency, AlCl3/PA showed a less coagulant dosage in raw dye wastewater pH. With PA dosages increased, the floc of AlCl3/PA showed a gradually adding strength and recovery ability, but in PAC/PA system the tendency was unclear. In PAC/PA system, PA dosage increase only improved floc density.
Kinetic Equilibrium and Adsorption Thermodynamics of Direct Dyes by Ca/CTS/FA Composite
Authors: Li Bei Gang , Sun Li Wei
Published: February 2018

A novel composite material, calcium/chitosan/fly ash (Ca/CTS/FA) adsorbent prepared by adding a small amount of chitosan (CTS) and calcium ion(Ca) on fly ash (FA) was applied to the adsorption of three direct dyes including direct orange S (DO-S), direct green BE (DG-BE) and direct bordeaux BE (DB-BE). Adsorption equilibrium, isotherms and adsorption thermodynamics were studied . The results show that the adsorption rates of three direct dyes to Ca/CTS/FA are high and the adsorption equilibrium can be reached within 60 minutes. isothermal adsorption data agree with Langmuir model, and the saturated adsorption capacities are 1667mg/g for DO-S, 1111mg/g for DG-BE and 1111mg/g for DB-BE respectively at 298K. Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model is used to investigate the adsorption behavior of direct dyes, and theaverage adsorption energy is in the range of 17.2 ~ 23.6kJ/mol at different temperatures. the thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption processes of direct dyes to Ca/CTS/FA are spontaneous and endothermic from 298K to 328K. Characterization results by FT-IR indicate that Ca/CTS/FA composite is successfully prepared. As a low-value composite adsorbent, Ca/CTS/FA has very high adsorption capacity for direct dyes.
Life Cycle Assessment of Typical Glass Wool Production in China
Authors: Zhao Chun Zhi , Liu Yi , Ren Shi Wei , Zhang Yan Jiao
Published: February 2018

Glass wool is the roll felt product produced by melting and fiberizing glass and then adding adhesive for curing processing. It is well-shaped, thermally insulated and corrosion resistant and has low volume density, low thermal conductivity, good acoustic absorptivity and stable chemical properties. By taking 1t glass wool as the functional unit, this paper quantitatively obtains that the impact of the product on primary energy demand, greenhouse effect, acidification potential, photochemical ozone formation potential and respirable inorganics is 1.12×105MJ/t, 8×103kg CO2 equivalent/t, 84.1kg SO2 equivalent/t, 3.21kg NMVOC/t and 15.5kg PM2.5 equivalent/t respectively. This paper provides reference for enterprise's cleaner production and consumer's green material selection by making life cycle assessment for glass wool insulation material, quantifying the environmental load of glass wool product, identifying the environment hot spots in product life cycle and illustrating the environment compatibility of product.
Effects of Zr Contents on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Ta-Zr Alloys
Authors: Chang Lin , Liu Jue , Yang Hai Lin , Ruan Jian Ming , Ji Shou Xun
Published: February 2018

Ta-xZr (x = 90, 80, 70, 60 at.%) alloys with good mechanical properties and high density were prepared by powder metallurgy method and vacuum sintering technology. The surface morphologies and mechanical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that lamellar Ta was observed with no second phase during the sintering process. The tensile strength and the Young's modulus increased with the Ta contents firstly and then decreased, and varied with the Ta contents in the range of 60.5 ± 5.03~163.0 ± 10.11 MPa and 4.5 ± 0.47~11.8 ± 1.16 GPa, respectively. In conclusion, The Ta-70Zr alloy is potentially useful in the hard tissue implants for its mechanical properties and biocompatibility.
Effect of Graphite Matrix on Property of Silicon/Carbon Composite Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Ying , Wu Hao , Xiao Fang Ming , Tang Ren Heng , Sun Tai
Published: February 2018

Nano-silicon carbon coated and combined with different graphite matrixes was synthesized by ball milling，and spray dying-pyrolysis methods. The physical properties of Si/C composites were detected by X-ray diffraction（XRD），scanning electron microscopy（SEM），and all composites were completely coated by a carbon layer. Their electrochemical performances were studied by galvanostatic cycle and electrochemical impedance spectra. These analyses show that the discharge specific capacity of composited anode based on expanded graphite exhibits the best comprehensive electrochemical performance such as cycle stability and initial charge/discharge efficiency among various composites，owing to the co-effect of expanded graphite and amorphous carbon layer as the structural stabilizer and conductive additives to prevent the volume change and enhance the electronic conductivity of the composites. The discharge specific capacity is 700.9 mAhg-1 at a current density of 100mAg-1，initial charge/discharge efficiency is 77.4%. After 30 cycles，the capacity retention rate can reach 87.7%.
Association of the SOD2 polymorphism (Val6Ala) and SOD activity with vaso-occlusive crisis and acute splenic sequestration in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Farias Isabela Cristina Cordeiro , Mendonça-Belmont Taciana Furtado , Silva Andreia Soares , Do Ó Kleyton Palmeira , Ferreira Felipe Borba , Medeiros Fernanda Silva , Vasconcelos Luydson Richardson Silva , Rego Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo , Bezerra Marcos Andre Cavalcanti , Araujo Aderson Silva , Moura Patricia Muniz Mendes Freire , Anjos Ana Claudia Mendonça , Hatzlhofer Betânia Lucena Domingues , Cavalcanti Maria do Socorro Mendonça
Published: February 2018

The SOD2 polymorphism Val16Ala TàC influences the antioxidative response. This study investigated the association of the SOD2 polymorphism and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity with vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) and acute splenic sequestration (ASS) in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). One hundred ninety-five children aged 1-9 years old were analyzed. The TC and CC genotypes were associated with lower SOD activity compared with the TT genotype (p=0.0321; p=0.0253, respectively). Furthermore, TC/CC were more frequent in patients with VOC or ASS (p=0.0285; p=0.0090, respectively). These results suggest that the SOD2 polymorphism associated with low SOD activity could be involved in SCA physiopathology.
Maintaining Professional Commitment as a Newly Credentialed Athletic Trainer in the Secondary School Setting
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Myers Sarah L. , Walker Stacy E , Kirby Jessica
Published: February 2018

Context: 

Professional commitment, or one's affinity and loyalty to a career, has become a topic of interest in athletic training. The expanding research on the topic, however, has omitted newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs). For an impressionable group of practitioners, transitioning to clinical practice can be stressful.

Objective: 

To explore the professional commitment of newly credentialed ATs in the secondary school setting.

Setting: 

Secondary school.

Design: 

Qualitative study.

Patients or Other Participants: 

A total of 31 newly credentialed ATs (6 men, 25 women; mean age = 24 ± 3 years) participated. Of these, 17 ATs (4 men, 13 women; mean age = 25 ± 4 years) were employed full time in the secondary school setting, and 14 ATs (2 men, 12 women; mean age = 23.0 ± 2.0 years) were graduate assistant students in the secondary school setting.

Data Collection and Analysis: 

All participants completed semistructured interviews, which focused on their experiences in the secondary school setting and transitioning into the role and setting. Transcripts were analyzed using the phenomenologic approach. Creditability was established by peer review, member checks, and researcher triangulation.

Results: 

Four main findings related to the professional commitment of newly credentialed ATs in the secondary school setting were identified. Work-life balance, professional relationships formed with the student-athletes, enjoyment gained from working in the secondary school setting, and professional responsibility emerged as factors facilitating commitment.

Conclusions: 

Affective commitment is a primary facilitator of professional commitment. Newly credentialed ATs who enjoy their jobs and have time to engage in nonwork roles are able to maintain a positive professional commitment. Our findings align with the previous literature and help strengthen our understanding that rejuvenation and passion are important to professional commitment.
Clinical significance of magnetic resonance imaging findings in chronic low backache
Authors: Kohat A.K. , Kalita Jayantee , Ramanivas S. , Misra Usha K. , Phadke R.V.
Published: February 2018

Background & objectives:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently done for the evaluation of chronic low backache (CLBA), however, its significance in Indian patients has not been evaluated. We report here the MRI findings in patients with CLBA and their sensitivity and specificity with clinical evidence of radiculopathy and localized CLBA as well as correlate these with pain severity and disability.

Methods:

Seventy two patients with CLBA aged 20-70 yr without trauma, infection, tumour, metastasis and vascular malformation were included in the study. Their demographic characteristics, lifestyle, education and employment were noted. Lumbosacral MRI was carried out and 19 MRI parameters at six levels (D12-L1-L5-S1) were noted. The severity of pain was assessed by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0-10) and disability by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

Results:

MRI was abnormal in all patients, the most common being disc desiccation (90.3%) followed by facet joint arthropathy (FJA; 75%) and nerve root compression (NRC; 72.2%). Endplate changes and high-intensity zone were noted in 58 and 50 per cent of patients, respectively. One-third patients with FJA, however, were below 30 yr of age. NRC on MRI had 61.3 per cent sensitivity and 10 per cent specificity with clinical radiculopathy. FJA had 60.7 per cent sensitivity and 15.9 per cent specificity with localized CLBA. None of the MRI parameters and MRI sum score correlated with NRS and ODI. On multivariate analysis, NRS was independent predictor of ODI (odds ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.35-0.98, P=0.04).

Interpretation & conclusions:

In patients with CLBA, NRC on MRI showed poor specificity with corresponding clinical radiculopathy and FJA with localized backache. None of the MRI abnormality correlated with the severity of pain or disability.
Toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolates from clinically significant diarrhoea in patients from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Singh Meenakshi , Vaishnavi Chetana , Kochhar Rakesh , Mahmood Safrun
Published: February 2018

Background & objectives:

Clostridium difficile is the primary cause of hospital-acquired colitis in patients receiving antibiotics. The pathogenicity of the organism is mainly due to the production of toxins. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of toxigenic C. difficile in the faecal samples of hospitalized patients suspected to have C. difficile infection (CDI) and corroborating the findings with their clinical and demographic data.

Methods:

Diarrhoeic samples obtained from 1110 hospitalized patients were cultured for C. difficile and the isolates confirmed by phenotypic and molecular methods. Toxigenicity of the isolates was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for toxins A and B. Details of patients included in the study were noted and analyzed.

Results:

Of the 1110 patients (mean age 39±19.6 yr), 63.9 per cent were males and 36.1 per cent were females. The major antibiotics received by the patients were nitazoxanide (23.9%), penicillins/penicillin combinations (19.0%), quinolones including fluoroquinolones (13.1%), carbapenems (11.5%), glycopeptides (11.0%) and cephalosporins (8.4%). The clinical symptoms predominantly present were watery diarrhoea (56.4%), fever (40.0%) and abdominal pain (35.3%). The underlying diseases were gastrointestinal disorders (52.6%), followed by cancers (13.2%), surgical conditions (8.3%), and hepatic disorders (8.0%). Of the 174 C. difficile isolates, 54.6 per cent were toxigenic. Toxigenic C. difficile was present in all patients with surgical conditions, 65.2 per cent with cancers and 57.1 per cent with gastrointestinal disorders.

Interpretation & conclusions:

C. difficile was found to be an important cause of gastrointestinal infections in hospitalized patients with underlying diseases and on antibiotics. Clinical conditions of the patients correlating with toxigenic culture can be an important tool for establishing CDI diagnosis.
Diagnosis and Management of Piriformis Syndrome: A Rare Anatomic Variant Analyzed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ro Tae Hoon , Edmonds Lance
Published: February 2018

Piriformis syndrome is an uncommon condition that causes significant pain in the posterior lower buttocks and leg due to entrapment of the sciatic nerve at the level of the piriformis muscle. In the typical anatomical presentation, the sciatic nerve exits directly ventral and inferior to the piriformis muscle and continues down the posterior leg. Several causes that have been linked to this condition include trauma, differences in leg length, hip arthroplasty, inflammation, neoplastic mass effect, and anatomic variations. A female presented with left-sided lower back and buttock pain with radiation down the posterior leg. After magnetic resonance imaging was performed, an uncommon sciatic anatomical form was identified. Although research is limited, surgical intervention shows promising results for these conditions. Accurate diagnosis and imaging modalities may help in the appropriate management of these patients.
Role of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography in the Characterization of Focal Solid Hepatic Lesions
Authors: Nagolu Harshavardhan , Kattoju Sudhakar , Natesan Chidambaranathan , Krishnakumar Meera , Kumar Sunil
Published: February 2018

Objective:

The purpose of the study is to investigate the usefulness of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in the characterization of focal solid liver lesions as benign, malignant, or metastatic using ARFI two-dimensional (2D) imaging and ARFI quantification (shear wave velocities [SWVs]).

Materials and Methods:

Sixty lesions were included in this study. The lesions were classified into three groups: Group I included benign lesions (n= 25), Group II included malignant lesions (n= 27), and Group III included metastatic lesions (n= 8). ARFI elastography was performed in all these patients using a Siemens ACUSON S 2000™ ultrasound machine. Stiffness and size of the lesions were assessed on ARFI 2D images in correlation with B-mode ultrasound images. SWVs were obtained in these lesions for the quantification of stiffness.

Results:

In ARFI 2D images, malignant lesions were predominantly stiffer and larger, while benign lesions were softer and similar in size (P< 0.05). The mean SWVs in benign, malignant, and metastatic lesions were 1.30 ± 0.35 m/s, 2.93 ± 0.75 m/s, and 2.77 ± 0.90 m/s, respectively. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of SWV for differentiating benign from malignant lesions was 0.877, suggesting fair accuracy (95% confidence interval: 0.777–0.976); with a cutoff value of 2 m/s, showing sensitivity: 92%; specificity: 96%; positive predictive value: 96%; negative predictive value: 93% (P< 0.05). Statistically significant difference exists in SWV of benign and malignant or metastatic lesions.

Conclusion:

ARFI elastography with 2D imaging and quantification might be useful in the characterization of benign and malignant liver lesions.
Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis with Spinal Stenosis: A Comparative Study of 5-Year Outcomes Following Decompression with Fusion and Microendoscopic Decompression
Authors: Aihara Takato , Toyone Tomoaki , Murata Yasuaki , Inage Kazuhide , Urushibara Makoto , Ouchi Juntaro
Published: February 2018

Study Design

Retrospective review of prospectively collected outcome data.

Purpose

To compare 5-year outcomes following decompression with fusion (FU) and microendoscopic decompression (MED) in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) and to define surgical indication limitations regarding the use of MED for this condition.

Overview of Literature

There have been no comparative studies on mid- or long-term outcomes following FU and MED for patients with DLS.

Methods

Forty-one consecutive patients with DLS were surgically treated. Sixteen patients first underwent FU (FU group), and 25 then underwent MED (MED group). The 5-year clinical outcomes following the two surgical methods were compared using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire.

Results

The degree of improvement (DOI) for social life function was significantly greater in the MED group than in the FU group. Although not statistically significant, DOIs for the other four functional scores were also greater in the MED group than in the FU group. However, patients with a large percentage of slippage in the neutral position might experience limited improvement in low back pain, those with a large percentage of slippage at maximal extension might experience limited improvement in three functional scores, and those with a small intervertebral angle at maximal flexion might have limited improvement in three functional scores after MED for DLS. Therefore, we statistically compared the DOIs between the FU and MED groups regarding the preoperative percentage of slippage in the neutral position among patients with greater than 20% slippage, the preoperative percentage of slippage at maximal extension among patients with greater than 15% slippage, and the intervertebral angle at flexion among patients with angles lesser than −5°; however, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusions

MED is a useful minimally invasive surgical procedure that possibly offers better clinical outcomes than FU for DLS.
Comparison of the Pullout Strength of Different Pedicle Screw Designs and Augmentation Techniques in an Osteoporotic Bone Model
Authors: Kiyak Gorkem , Balikci Tevfik , Heydar Ahmed Majid , Bezer Murat
Published: February 2018

Study Design

Mechanical study.

Purpose

To compare the pullout strength of different screw designs and augmentation techniques in an osteoporotic bone model.

Overview of Literature

Adequate bone screw pullout strength is a common problem among osteoporotic patients. Various screw designs and augmentation techniques have been developed to improve the biomechanical characteristics of the bone–screw interface.

Methods

Polyurethane blocks were used to mimic human osteoporotic cancellous bone, and six different screw designs were tested. Five standard and expandable screws without augmentation, eight expandable screws with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or calcium phosphate augmentation, and distal cannulated screws with PMMA and calcium phosphate augmentation were tested. Mechanical tests were performed on 10 unused new screws of each group. Screws with or without augmentation were inserted in a block that was held in a fixture frame, and a longitudinal extraction force was applied to the screw head at a loading rate of 5 mm/min. Maximum load was recorded in a load displacement curve.

Results

The peak pullout force of all tested screws with or without augmentation was significantly greater than that of the standard pedicle screw. The greatest pullout force was observed with 40-mm expandable pedicle screws with four fins and PMMA augmentation. Augmented distal cannulated screws did not have a greater peak pullout force than nonaugmented expandable screws. PMMA augmentation provided a greater peak pullout force than calcium phosphate augmentation.

Conclusions

Expandable pedicle screws had greater peak pullout forces than standard pedicle screws and had the advantage of augmentation with either PMMA or calcium phosphate cement. Although calcium phosphate cement is biodegradable, osteoconductive, and nonexothermic, PMMA provided a significantly greater peak pullout force. PMMA-augmented expandable 40-mm four-fin pedicle screws had the greatest peak pullout force.
Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: An Attractive Option for Select Failed Backs
Authors: Kulkarni Arvind G. , Bangalore Kantharajanna Shashidhar , Dhruv Abhilash N.
Published: February 2018

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Purpose

To compare minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) outcomes in primary and revision surgeries.

Overview of Literature

Revision spinal fusion is often associated with an increased risk of approach-related complications. Patients can potentially benefit from the decreased approach-related morbidity associated with MI-TLIF.

Methods

Sixty consecutive MI-TLIF patients (20 failed back [Fa group], 40 primary [Pr group]) who underwent surgery between January 2011 and May 2012 were reviewed after Institutional Review Board approval to compare operative times, blood loss, complications, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain before surgery and at the last follow-up.

Results

Nineteen revision surgeries were compared with 36 primary surgeries. One failed back and four primary patients were excluded because of inadequate data. The mean follow-up times were 28 months and 24 months in the Pr and Fa groups, respectively. The mean pre- and postoperative ODI scores were 53.18 and 20.23 in the Pr group and 52.01 and 25.72 in the Fa group, respectively (ODI percentage change: Pr group, 60.36%±29.73%; Fa group, 69.32%±13.72%; p=0.304, not significant). The mean pre- and postoperative VAS scores for back pain were 4.77 and 1.75 in the Pr group and 4.1 and 2.0 in the Fa group, respectively, and the percentage changes were statistically significant (VAS back pain percentage change: Pr group, 48.78±30.91; Fa group, 69.32±13.72; p=0.027). The mean pre- and postoperative VAS scores for leg pain were 6.52 and 1.27 in the Pr group and 9.5 and 1.375 in the Fa group, respectively (VAS leg pain percentage change: Pr group, 81.07±29.39; Fa group, 75.72±15.26; p=0.538, not significant). There were no statistically significant differences in operative time and estimated blood loss and no complications.

Conclusions

MI-TLIF outcomes were comparable between primary and revision surgeries. The inherent technique of MI-TLIF is particularly suitable for select failed backs because it exploits the intact paramedian corridor.
Information management in organizations: an overview
Authors: Agu Lily O.
Published: February 2018

Information is becoming a strategic resource. It is an existing prospect for the information professional to add real value to information and contribute more directly to an organization‟s strategic decision making. Public organizations are using information to harness their resources. This study is aimed at exploring the various benefits of information management in an organization. Information management is the management of organizational processes and systems that acquire, create, organize, distribute, and use information. This paper looks at the information resource management plan and why it is necessary for the growth of the business. Useful recommendations on the need to include information resource management in the overall organizational plan were made.Keywords: information management, information management, organization, strategic planning
Influence of job satisfaction on job performance: a study of teacher librarians in Delta State Nigeria
Authors: Ikolo Violet E.
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of job satisfaction on performance of teacher librarians in Delta State, Nigeria. This study adopts the descriptive survey design. The instrument that was used in collecting data is the questionnaire and data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentage and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. The study revealed that teacher librarians are not satisfied with their pay and promotion opportunities. However, they were found to be satisfied with the type of work they carry out daily. The study concludes that job satisfaction has a significant influence on job performance of teacher librarians.Keywords: job satisfaction, job performance, teacher librarians, employees satisfaction
Over pubers, adolescenten en infantilisering
Authors: Koops Willem
Published: February 2018

On puberty, adolescence and infantilisation

In this paper adolescence is seen as a cultural historical phenomenon and not as a biological unavoidable developmental stage. It is demonstrated that in earlier centuries there was no such thing as adolescence; that since the 18th century adolescence as a developmental stage became longer and longer; and that adolescence does not exist within pre-industrial countries. It is claimed that the classical adolescence, as described by Stanley Hall is in our time disappearing. This is a slower process in the USA than in Western Europe, because of the commercial importance of adolescence in the USA. It is concluded that adolescence researchers should start from the conviction that adolescents are full-fledged interlocutors, who should carry societal responsibility.
Effect of changing vegetation on denudation (part 2): Landscape response to transient climate and vegetation cover
Authors: Schmid Manuel , Ehlers Todd A. , Werner Christian , Hickler Thomas , Fuentes-Espoz Juan-Pablo
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We present a numerical modelling investigation into the interactions between transient climate and vegetation cover with hillslope and fluvial processes. Model simulations were designed to investigate the effects of climate change and associated changes in surface vegetation cover on topographic basin metrics such as: slope, relief and channel steepness. The Landlab surface process model was used to evaluate the effects of temporal variations in vegetation cover on hillslope diffusion and detachment limited fluvial erosion. A suite of simulations were conducted to represent present-day climatic conditions and satellite-derived vegetation cover at the four EarthShape study areas as well hypothetical transient long term changes. Two different transient variations in climate and vegetation cover include a step change in climate or vegetation, as well as 100 kyr oscillations over 5 Myr. Results indicate that the coupled influence of surface vegetation cover and mean annual precipitation shifts basin landforms towards a new steady state, with the magnitude of change highly sensitive to the initial vegetation and climate conditions of the basin. Dry, non-vegetated basins show higher magnitudes of adjustment than basins that are situated in wetter conditions with higher vegetation cover. For coupled conditions when surface vegetation cover and mean annual precipitation change simultaneously, the landscape response tends to be weaker. When vegetation cover and mean annual precipitation change independently from each other, higher magnitude shifts in topographic metrics are simulated. Changes in vegetation cover show a higher impact on topography for low initial surface cover values whereas for areas with high initial surface cover, the effect of changes in precipitation dominate the formation of landscapes. This study demonstrates a sensitivity of catchment characteristics to different transient forcings in vegetation cover and mean annual precipitation, with a crucial role for initial vegetation and climate conditions. Ongoing research is developing fully-coupled landscape evolution and dynamic vegetation model (see companion paper) forced with predicted paleoclimate histories from an atmospheric general circulation model.
Combined distributed Raman and Bragg fiber temperature sensing using incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry
Authors: Koeppel Max , Werzinger Stefan , Ringel Thomas , Bechtold Peter , Thiel Torsten , Engelbrecht Rainer , Bosselmann Thomas , Schmauss Bernhard
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Optical temperature sensors offer unique features which make them indispensable for key industries such as the energy sector. However, commercially available systems are usually designed to perform either distributed or distinct hot spot temperature measurements since they are restricted to one measurement principle. We have combined two concepts, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensors and Raman-based distributed temperature sensing (DTS), to overcome these limitations. Using a technique called incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (IOFDR), it is possible to cascade several FBGs with the same Bragg wavelength in one fiber and simultaneously perform truly distributed Raman temperature measurements. In our lab we have achieved a standard deviation of 2.5 K or better at a spatial resolution in the order of 1 m with the Raman DTS. We have also carried out a field test in a high-voltage environment with strong magnetic fields where we performed simultaneous Raman and FBG temperature measurements using a single sensor fiber only.
The Advantages of Budgets: A Survey of Macedonian Legal Entities
Authors: Stevcevska-Srbinoska Dusica
Published: February 2018

By surveying legal entities headquartered in the FYR Macedonia, this research investigates the relationship between entity size, the independent variables and the adoption of budgeting, the dependent variable. The study also looks at the perceived advantages and disadvantages of budgeting. In order to obtain basis for the field research, existing literature and empirical results were examined. Then, a survey was carried out by contacting managers and finance staff from the manufacturing, merchandising and service segments. The field data came from a sample of 52 respondents, forming a response rate of 61 percent. The empirical findings indicate that the advantages of using budgets far outweigh the disadvantages and that Macedonian enterprises do not consider using other planning tools as alternative to budgets. Furthermore, the questionnaire demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between company size and the adoption of budgeting practices. This research suggests that budgeting deserves further study given its massive use as a management control tool.
Perceptions of Good and Bad Leaders by Philippine Teachers
Authors: Zepp Raymond A.
Published: February 2018

The research attempted to answer the question: “What do Philippine teachers perceive as important traits and behaviors of good and bad leaders?” Related to this were three sub questions:1. How do Philippine teachers compare with those in other countries in their perceptions on leadership?2. Do male and female Philippine teachers share similar perceptions on leadership?3. Do old and young Philippine teachers share similar perceptions on leadership?A questionnaire asked 90 Filipino teachers to rank their top three choices from among 8 traits of good leaders, then among 8 behaviors of good leaders, then 8 traits of bad leaders, and finally 8 behaviors of bad leaders. Comparisons were then drawn between the Philippine results and those in other countries, as well as between males and females within the Philippine sample, and younger and older Philippine teachers.Philippine teachers clearly valued honesty as the most important trait, and showing respect as the most important behavior of a good leader. This result is slightly different from that of some other countries, where, for example, intelligence or dependability was deemed the most important trait.Further, the study revealed several significant differences on several items between men and women, as well as between old teachers and young teachers.
The Big Five, Type A Personality, and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Hicks Richard , Mehta Yukti
Published: February 2018

The aim of this research was to investigate how the Big Five and Type A personality variables relate to psychological well-being. Additionally, the study examined the effect of age on psychological well-being. Various social media sites such as Facebook were used to recruit 286 Participants (209 males, 74 females) from the community population. The sample was broad with an age range 18-85. Participants completed a demographic measure as well as the Ryff’s Psychological Well-being scale, the International Personality Item Pool- Big Five Scale, the Framingham Type A Behavior Scale and a Social Desirability Scale. Pearson’s product correlations and a hierarchical multiple regression were performed to determine the ability of the personality variables and Type A personality scores to predict psychological well-being. The results indicated that the personality variables (the Big Five) predicted psychological well-being but that the addition of variance from the Type A personality variable added insignificantly to the prediction. Psychological well-being was negatively correlated with age. Further studies on personality and psychological wellbeing are needed, including the role of mindfulness in contributing along with personality variables to psychological well-being.
THE EEG EXAMINATION, TOGETHER WITH P300 POTENTIAL AS A METHOD FOR CAUSATIVE DIFFERENTIATION IN PATIENTS WITH A GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONING TO ALCOHOL ADDICTION
Authors: Chwedorowicz Roman , Raszewski Grzegorz , Studziński Tadeusz
Published: February 2018

The electrophysiological characteristics of alcoholics, such as the P300 amplitude of the Event-Related Potential (ERP), are related to high risk in their offspring, and are considered to be biological endophenotypes of a predisposition to develop alcohol use disorders. Contemporary knowledge justifies early diagnoses of the alcohol risk degree among adolescents, or even children, including their families, involving an examination of the P300 potential as an endophenotype, prior to achievement of an age of alcohol initiation. The results of such research approaches may be of importance not only cognitively, but also of prophylactically, in the early recognition of increased susceptibility to alcohol. The simplicity and non-invasiveness, and the exceptionally low costs of the methods described, should obtain for the present as well as in the future, a wider examination, one potentially even mass scope of in character and usefulness. The knowledge of such an endophenotype and genetically-related susceptibility, in the individual, family, and social dimension and transmission, and in the rearing of children and adolescents, could protect – not just individuals – but many from entering into the route of addiction, which is most frequently the effect of acting unaware and with negative life consequences, both generational and transgenerational for generations to come.
THE PACE OF SPEECH IN AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)
Authors: Michalik Mirosław , Solak Anna
Published: February 2018

The article presents the results of research into the pace of speech of children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) when compared to their peers with no such disabilities. The analysed criteria included: the number of syllables and phones used in 30 second-long utterances, the number of pauses made and their characteristics, and the percentage of the pauses within an utterance. The results of the analysis allowed for the study of the speech pace of the children as well as their general pace of speaking.

We tested 5 girls and 11 boys, all of the children were intellectually disabled. The average age of the control group was 9 years and 1 month. Both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the speech were analysed. The obtained data consisted of audio recordings which were subsequently re-played multiple times in order to properly analyse the crucial phenomena occurring within the speech samples. This part of the research made use of the Audacity software (Audacity(R): Free Audio Editor and Recorder [Computer program]. Version 2.1.0 retrieved September 19th 2015 from http://audacity.sourceforge.net/). The material obtained in the research through the usage of Audacity software was subsequently analysed with the use of the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Mann-Whitney test.

Estimative qualitative and quantitative analyses showed differences between the groups in all of the parameters which influence the pace of speech. However, the statistical analyses did not confirm any statistically significant differences in the average pace of speech, the ratio and the percentage of pauses within the speech samples, and the average duration of all types of pauses.

The formulated hypotheses for the presence of significant diffe rences in the average pace of speech of children with autistic spec trum disorder and the normative group of children have not been confirmed. No significant differences have been noted in the average pace of speech, the ratio and the percentage of pauses within the speech samples, and the average duration of all types of pauses between the two groups.
Polymer Injection Molding: Advanced Simulations or Tablet Computations
Authors: Narowski Przemysław , Wilczyński Krzysztof
Published: February 2018

Simulation of injection molding of polymeric materials is a common way of solving issues in plastic part and injection mold design. CAE software is getting more available and user-friendly, which sometimes leads to unreasonable use cases of these programs. The original, relatively simple tool has been introduced to validate runner systems in injection molds. It allows a fast identification of the most important design parameters of runner system. This tool does not require any support of FEM simulations, but results obtained from it have been successfully compared with injection molding simulations.