bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Clinical Transfer of Tumor‐Targeted Ultrasmall Inorganic Nanoparticles
Authors: Carmès Léna , Banerjee Mainak , Coliat Pierre , Harlepp Sébastien , Pivot Xavier , Tillement Olivier , Lux François , Detappe Alexandre
Published: May 2023

Ultrasmall nanoparticles (USNs) (nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameter <10 nm) are being widely developed pre‐clinically and started to emerge in clinical trials over the last decade. Most of these USNs display the same features including short retention time in the blood, rapid renal clearance, and relie on passive targeting strategy to reach the tumor. Through this review, the development of AGuIX USNs is focused on because of their clinical usages as passively targeted USN but also because of their possible biofunctionalizations with peptides and monoclonal antibodies which are validated in various pre‐clinical tumor models. As a result, the authors reviewed all the current biofunctionalization strategies that can be employed and confirmed based on a meta‐analysis of the literature that biofunctionalized USNs pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles are dictated by the USNs and not the active targeting moiety. Additionally, it is demonstrated that such active targeting strategy improves the tumor targeting efficiency of the AGuIX USN but also increases their tumor retention time in comparison to the passively targeted AGuIX USNs, which may lead to an opportunity to reduce the number of injections/expend the therapeutic benefit of the drug product.
Thin Film Composite Membranes with Regulated Crossover and Water Migration for Long‐Life Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Tan Rui , Wang Anqi , Ye Chunchun , Li Jiaxi , Liu Dezhi , Darwich Barbara Primera , Petit Luke , Fan Zhiyu , Wong Toby , Alvarez‐Fernandez Alberto , Furedi Mate , Guldin Stefan , Breakwell Charlotte E. , Klusener Peter A. A. , Kucernak Anthony R. , Jelfs Kim E. , McKeown Neil B. , Song Qilei
Published: May 2023

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising for large‐scale long‐duration energy storage owing to their inherent safety, decoupled power and energy, high efficiency, and longevity. Membranes constitute an important component that affects mass transport processes in RFBs, including ion transport, redox‐species crossover, and the net volumetric transfer of supporting electrolytes. Hydrophilic microporous polymers, such as polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM), are demonstrated as next‐generation ion‐selective membranes in RFBs. However, the crossover of redox species and water migration through membranes are remaining challenges for battery longevity. Here, a facile strategy is reported for regulating mass transport and enhancing battery cycling stability by employing thin film composite (TFC) membranes prepared from a PIM polymer with optimized selective‐layer thickness. Integration of these PIM‐based TFC membranes with a variety of redox chemistries allows for the screening of suitable RFB systems that display high compatibility between membrane and redox couples, affording long‐life operation with minimal capacity fade. Thickness optimization of TFC membranes further improves cycling performance and significantly restricts water transfer in selected RFB systems.
All‐Dry Deterministic Transfer of Thin Gold Nanowires for Electrical Connectivity
Authors: Aldave Diego Alonso , Lopez‐Polin Guillermo , Moreno Consuelo , Zamora Félix , Ares Pablo , Gómez‐Herrero Julio
Published: May 2023

Metallic nanowires (NWs) exhibit a number of interesting properties, such as high conductivity, flexibility, and cold‐weldability, making them ideal for nanocircuits. They are usually adsorbed on substrates by depositing a colloidal solution of NWs on the surface. However, they remain randomly scattered and solvent residues may contaminate/ degrade the sample. This study presents a method for forming electrical contacts with gold nanowires based on all‐dry deterministic transfer. The process begins with the adsorption of gold nanowires by drop casting the colloidal solution onto a viscoelastic substrate. These wires are transferred to selected locations on the substrate, minimizing manipulation with fabrication times a factor of 2 shorter than direct drop casting deposition, preserving surface and sample conditions, and improving the fabrication of nanocircuits. Atomic force microscopy is used to manipulate the NWs for the final connections, which have contact resistances of a few ohms. To illustrate the technique, three different examples of applicability are presented. This work is expected to be a starting point for expanding the potential of deterministic transfer that is successfully used in 2D materials. For example, to study local electrical transport in heterogeneous samples such as van der Waals heterostructures and twisted layers of 2D materials.
Red‐Sensitive Image Array Based on Defect‐Engineered PBDB‐T/WSe1.5‐WSe2/Graphene Heterostructure
Authors: Liu Yue , Hu HaiX , Yuan MeiL , Yin Hang , Qu Yuanyuan , Tan Yang , Chen Feng
Published: May 2023

2D transitional metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials have potential applications in image arrays for electronic eyes that mimick the human visual system. However, as a crucial requirement of the electronic eye, color discrimination is hard to achieve due to the broad absorption band of the TMDCs in the visible region. Here, a red‐sensitive photodetector based on the defect‐engineered WSe2‐Graphene heterostructure covered by PBDB‐T polymers is proposed. The WSe2‐Graphene heterostructure is partially modified by defects generated by the focused ion beam, forming a photovoltaic diode at the boundary of the engineered region. Then, PBDB‐T with optical absorption centered at the wavelength of 624 nm is coated onto the surface of the heterostructure, enhancing the photoresponse of the defect‐engineered WSe2‐Graphene to the red light (633 nm) ten times. Furthermore, a red‐sensitive image array with 6 × 10 pixels is constructed. This work paves a novel avenue for developing the 2D color‐resolvable photodetector array.
Boron‐Based High‐Performance Lithium Batteries: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Ma Longli , Tan Jian , Wang Yuan , Liu Zhu , Yang Yifan , Gray Tia , Zhang Xiang , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: May 2023

With the development of energy storage technology, the demand for high energy density and high security batteries is increasing, making the research of lithium battery (LB) technology an extremely important pursuit. However, the poor structural stability of electrode materials, high interfacial impedance between electrolyte and electrode, and the growth of lithium dendrites have seriously hindered the commercialization of LBs. Recently, due to their unique electronic structures and hybrid forms, boron‐based materials have been widely used in different LB components, such as electrodes, electrolytes, separators, additives, and binders, to resolve these problems. Here, a basic understanding of boron and boron‐based materials is first introduced. Subsequently, the recent research progress on the application of boron in each component of the LB is summarized, aiming to understand the hybrid forms of boron and their potential for use in LB materials. Finally, some new strategies and perspectives on the application of boron in LB materials are proposed. Here, the aim is to provide a clear insight on the study of boron in energy storage materials and contribute to the promotion of further research in this area.
Toward Robotic Sensing and Swimming in Granular Environments using Underactuated Appendages
Authors: Chopra Shivam , Vasile Drago , Jadhav Saurabh , Tolley Michael T , Gravish Nick
Published: May 2023

Granular environments, such as sand, are one of the most challenging substrates for robots to move within due to large depth‐dependent forces, unpredictable fluid/solid resistance forces, and limited sensing capabilities. An untethered robot is presented, inspired by biological diggers like sea turtles, which utilize underactuated appendages to enable propulsion and obstacle sensing in granular environments. To guide the robot's design, experiments are conducted on test appendages to identify the morphological and actuation parameters for forward thrust generation. Obstacle sensing is observed in granular media by measuring the increased force on the moving appendage caused by changes in the granular flow around it. These results are integrated into an untethered robot capable of subsurface locomotion in a controlled granular bed like natural, loosely packed sand. The robot achieves subsurface “swimming” at a speed of 1.2 mm s−1, at a depth of 127 mm, faster than any other reported untethered robot at this depth, while also detecting obstacles during locomotion via force sensors embedded in the appendages. Finally, subsurface robot locomotion in natural sand at the beach is demonstrated, a feat no other robot has accomplished, showcasing how underactuated structures enable movement and sensing in granular environments with limited limb control.
Pollinator visitation closely tracks diurnal patterns in pollen release
Authors: Štenc Jakub , Janošík Lukáš , Matoušková Eva , Hadrava Jiří , Mikát Michael , Janovský Zdeněk
Published: May 2023

Premise

Animal‐pollinated plants face a high risk of pollen loss during its transfer. To limit the negative effect of pollen losses by pollen consumption and heterospecific transfer, plant species may adjust and stratify their pollen availability during the day (i.e., “schedule” their pollen presentation) and attract pollinators in specific time frames.

Methods

We investigated diurnal patterns of pollen availability and pollinator visitation in three coflowering plant species: Succisa pratensis with open flowers and accessible pollen, pollinated mainly by pollen‐feeding hoverflies; Centaurea jacea with open flowers and less accessible pollen, pollinated mainly by pollen‐collecting bees; and Trifolium hybridum with closed flowers and pollen accessible only after the active opening of the flower, pollinated exclusively by bees.

Results

The three plant species differed in the peak pollen availability, tracked by the visitation activity of their pollinators. Succisa pratensis released all pollen in the morning, while pollinator activity was still low and peaked with a slight delay. In contrast, C. jacea and T. hybridum had distinct pollen presentation schedules, peaking in the early afternoon. The pollinator visitation to both of these species closely matched their pollen availability.

Conclusions

Stratifying pollen availability to pollinators during the day may be one of several mechanisms that allow coflowering plants to share their pollinators and decrease the probability of heterospecific pollen transfer.
Genetic examination of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire and its relationship with bipolar disorder
Authors: Mundy Jessica , Hübel Christopher , Adey Brett N. , Davies Helena L. , Davies Molly R. , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Hotopf Matthew , Kalsi Gursharan , Lee Sang Hyuck , McIntosh Andrew M. , Rogers Henry C. , Eley Thalia C. , Murray Robin M. , Vassos Evangelos , Breen Gerome
Published: May 2023

The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) is a common screening tool for bipolar disorder that assesses manic symptoms. Its utility for genetic studies of mania or bipolar traits has not been fully examined. We psychometrically compared the MDQ to self‐reported bipolar disorder in participants from the United Kingdom National Institute of Health and Care Research Mental Health BioResource. We conducted genome‐wide association studies of manic symptom quantitative traits and symptom subgroups, derived from the MDQ items (N = 11,568–19,859). We calculated genetic correlations with bipolar disorder and other psychiatric and behavioral traits. The MDQ screener showed low positive predictive value (0.29) for self‐reported bipolar disorder. Neither concurrent nor lifetime manic symptoms were genetically correlated with bipolar disorder. Lifetime manic symptoms had a highest genetic correlation (rg = 1.0) with posttraumatic stress disorder although this was not confirmed by within‐cohort phenotypic correlations (rp = 0.41). Other significant genetic correlations included attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (rg = 0.69), insomnia (rg = 0.55), and major depressive disorder (rg = 0.42). Our study adds to existing literature questioning the MDQ's validity and suggests it may capture symptoms of general distress or psychopathology, rather than hypomania/mania specifically, in at‐risk populations.
An Aqueous Electrolyte Gated Artificial Synapse with Synaptic Plasticity Selectively Mediated by Biomolecules
Authors: Xu Xinzhao , Zhang Haoqin , Shao Lin , Ma Rong , Guo Meng , Liu Yunqi , Zhao Yan
Published: May 2023

The emulation of functions and behaviors of biological synapses using electronic devices has inspired the development of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in biomedical interfaces. Despite the achievements, artificial synapses that can be selectively responsive to non‐electroactive biomolecules and directly operate in biological environments are still lacking. Herein, we report an artificial synapse based on organic electrochemical transistors and investigate the selective modulation of its synaptic plasticity by glucose. The enzymatic reaction between glucose and glucose oxidase results in long‐term modulation of the channel conductance, mimicking selective binding of biomolecules to their receptors and consequent long‐term modulation of the synaptic weight. Moreover, the device shows enhanced synaptic behaviors in the blood serum at a higher glucose concentration, which suggests its potential application in vivo as artificial neurons. This work provides a step towards the fabrication of ANNs with synaptic plasticity selectively mediated by biomolecules for neuro‐prosthetics and human‐machine interfaces.
Bispalladium(II) Complexes of di‐p‐Pyrirubyrin Derivatives as Promising Near‐Infrared Photoacoustic Dyes
Authors: Hurej Karolina , Oszczęda Weronika , Opas Ewelina , Zelewski Szymon J. , Pawlicki Miłosz , Białek Michał J. , Orzeł Łukasz , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław
Published: May 2023

The insertion of palladium(II) into di‐p‐pyrirubyrin results in mutually convertible bimetallic complexes. Post‐synthetic functionalization of one of them yielded bispalladium(II) dioxo‐di‐p‐pyrirubyrin and, after demetallation, dioxo‐di‐p‐pyrirubyrin, introducing for the first time the α,β′‐pyridin‐2‐one unit into the macrocyclic frame. Bispalladium(II) di‐p‐pyrirubyrin 6, bispalladium(II) dioxo‐di‐p‐pyrirubyrin 9, and dioxo‐di‐p‐pyrirubyrin 10 absorb and emit light around 1000 nm and are characterized by high photostability. Thus, they are promising candidates for near‐infrared photoacoustic dyes, ideally targeting (9) the wavelength of Yb‐based fiber lasers. The incorporation of an α,β′‐pyridine moiety into expanded porphyrins opens a highly interesting area of research due to the attractive optical and coordination properties of the resulting molecules.
Two‐Dimensional LDH Film Templating for Controlled Preparation and Performance Enhancement of Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes
Authors: Li Biao , Yang Zeya , Dou Yibo , Zhang Jian , Lu Jun , Han Jingbin
Published: May 2023

Tailored design of high‐performance nanofiltration membranes that can be used in a variety of applications such as water desalination, resource recovery, and sewage treatment is desirable. Herein, we describe the use of layered double hydroxides (LDH) intermediate layer to control the interfacial polymerization between trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and piperazine (PIP) for the preparation of polyamide (PA) membrane. The dense surface of LDH layer and its unique mass transfer behavior influence the diffusion of PIP, and the supporting role of the LDH layer allows the formation of ultrathin PA membranes. By only changing the concentration of PIP, a series of membranes with controllable thickness from 10 to 50 nm and tunable crosslinking‐degree can be prepared. The membrane prepared with a higher concentration of PIP shows excellent performance for divalent salt retention with water permeance of 28 Lm−2 h−1 bar−1, high rejection of 95.1 % for MgCl2 and 97.1 % for Na2SO4. While the membrane obtained with a lower concentration of PIP can sieve dye molecules of different sizes with a flux of up to 70 Lm−2 h−1 bar−1. This work demonstrates a novel strategy for the controllable preparation of high‐performance nanofiltration membranes and provides new insights into how the intermediate layer affects the IP reaction and the final separation performance.
Covalently Grafting Graphene onto Si Photocathode to Expedite Aqueous Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wei Zhihe , Su Yanhui , Pan Weiyi , Shen Junxia , Fan Ronglei , Yang Wenjun , Deng Zhao , Shen Mingrong , Peng Yang
Published: May 2023

Silicon semiconductor functionalized with molecular catalysts emerges as a promising cathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the limited kinetics and stabilities remains a major hurdle for the development of such composites. We herein report an assembling strategy of silicon photocathodes via chemically grafting a conductive graphene layer onto the surface of n+‐p Si followed by catalyst immobilization. The covalently‐linked graphene layer effectively enhances the photogenerated carriers transfer between the cathode and the reduction catalyst, and improves the operating stability of the electrode. Strikingly, we demonstrate that altering the stacking configuration of the immobilized cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP) catalyst through calcination can further enhance the electron transfer rate and the PEC performance. At the end, the graphene‐coated Si cathode immobilized with CoTPP catalyst managed to sustain a stable 1‐Sun photocurrent of −1.65 mA cm−2 over 16 h for CO production in water at a near neutral potential of −0.1 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. This represents a remarkable improvement of PEC CO2RR performance in contrast to the reported photocathodes functionalized with molecular catalysts.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Stimuli Responsive Microgels
Authors: Hu Chaolei , van Bonn Pit , Demco Dan E. , Bolm Carsten , Pich Andrij
Published: May 2023

Mechanochemical approaches are widely used for the efficient, solvent‐free synthesis of organic molecules, however their applicability to the synthesis of functional polymers has remained underexplored. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that mechanochemically triggered free‐radical polymerization allows solvent‐ and initiator‐free syntheses of structurally and morphologically well‐defined complex functional macromolecular architectures, namely stimuliresponsive microgels. The developed mechanochemical polymerization approach is applicable to a variety of monomers and allows synthesizing microgels with tunable chemical structure, variable size, controlled number of crosslinks and reactive functional end‐groups.
Probing the Origin of Viscosity of Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Yao Nao , Yu Legeng , Fu Zhong‐Heng , Shen Xin , Hou Ting‐Zheng , Liu Xinyan , Gao Yu‐Chen , Zhang Rui , Zhao Chen‐Zi , Chen Xiang , Zhang Qiang
Published: May 2023

Viscosity is an extremely important property for ion transport and wettability of electrolytes. Easy access to viscosity values and a deep understanding of this property remain challenging yet critical to evaluating the electrolyte performance and tailoring electrolyte recipes with targeted properties. We proposed a screened overlapping method to efficiently compute the viscosity of lithium battery electrolytes by molecular dynamics simulations. The origin of electrolyte viscosity was further comprehensively probed. The viscosity of solvents exhibits a positive correlation with the binding energy between molecules, indicating viscosity is directly correlated to intermolecular interactions. Salts in electrolytes enlarge the viscosity significantly with increasing concentrations while diluents serve as the viscosity reducer, which is attributed to the varied binding strength from cation–anion and cation–solvent associations. This work develops an accurate and efficient method for computing the electrolyte viscosity and affords deep insight into viscosity at the molecular level, which exhibits the huge potential to accelerate advanced electrolyte design for next‐generation rechargeable batteries.
Linking Composition, Structure and Thickness of CoOOH layers to Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity by Correlative Microscopy
Authors: Luan Chenglong , Angona Johanna , Bala Krishnan Arjun , Corva Manuel , Hosseini Pouya , Heidelmann Markus , Hagemann Ulrich , Batsa Tetteh Emmanuel , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Tschulik Kristina , Li Tong
Published: May 2023

The role of β‐CoOOH crystallographic orientations in catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains elusive. We combine correlative electron backscatter diffraction/scanning electrochemical cell microscopy with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography to establish the structure–activity relationships of various faceted β‐CoOOH formed on a Co microelectrode under OER conditions. We reveal that ≈6 nm β‐CoOOH(01
0), grown on [
0]‐oriented Co, exhibits higher OER activity than ≈3 nm β‐CoOOH(10
3) or ≈6 nm β‐CoOOH(0006) formed on [02
‐ and [0001]‐oriented Co, respectively. This arises from higher amounts of incorporated hydroxyl ions and more easily reducible CoIII−O sites present in β‐CoOOH(01
0) than those in the latter two oxyhydroxide facets. Our correlative multimodal approach shows great promise in linking local activity with atomic‐scale details of structure, thickness and composition of active species, which opens opportunities to design pre‐catalysts with preferred defects that promote the formation of the most active OER species.
Blood microsampling technologies: Innovations and applications in 2022
Authors: Thangavelu Manchu Umarani , Wouters Bert , Kindt Alida , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Hankemeier Thomas
Published: May 2023

With the development of highly sensitive bioanalytical techniques, the volume of samples necessary for accurate analysis has reduced. Microsampling, the process of obtaining small amounts of blood, has thus gained popularity as it offers minimal‐invasiveness, reduced logistical costs and biohazard risks while simultaneously showing increased sample stability and a potential for the decentralization of the approach and at‐home self‐sampling. Although the benefits of microsampling have been recognised, its adoption in clinical practice has been slow. Several microsampling technologies and devices are currently available and employed in research studies for various biomedical applications. This review provides an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art in microsampling technology with a focus on the latest developments and advancements in the field of microsampling. Research published in the year 2022, including studies (i) developing strategies for the quantitation of analytes in microsamples and (ii) bridging and comparing the interchangeability between matrices and choice of technology for a given application, is reviewed to assess the advantages, challenges and limitations of the current state of microsampling. Successful implementation of microsampling in routine clinical care requires continued efforts for standardization and harmonization. Microsampling has been shown to facilitate data‐rich studies and a patient‐centric approach to healthcare and is foreseen to play a central role in the future digital revolution of healthcare through continuous monitoring to improve the quality of life.
Magnetic‐field‐inducedFe3O4@CNTsdispersion in the separation layer to improve the performance of composite ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Zhang Ruonan , Ji Yanhong , Sun Yinjie , Li Quan , Liu Xi , Jing Ming , Song Yunfei , Du Xi , He Benqiao
Published: May 2023

It is of great significance to regulate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in the separation layer of membranes to improve the properties of membranes. In this work, ferric oxides coated carbon nanotubes (Fe3O4@CNTs) are prepared by solvothermal method, and then are added to the casting solution to prepare Fe3O4@CNTs/poly(ethersulfone)/sulfonated polysulfone composite ultrafiltration membranes. The result shows that Fe3O4@CNTs migrate to the separation layer of membranes under the induction of a low‐intensity magnetic field. The surface and overall porosity of the membranes increase and the surface roughness of the membranes decreases. The contact angle of composite ultrafiltration membranes decreases from 78.0° to 60.1°, indicating an improvement of hydrophilicity. The pure water permeance of the composite ultrafiltration membranes increases from 240.1 to 524.7 L m−2 h−1while retaining a high bovine serum albumin rejection (>96.8%). Moreover, the antifouling property of the composite ultrafiltration membranes is significantly improved, and the flux recovery ratio increased from 56.2% to 80.9%.
Application of Magnetite‐nanoparticles and Static Magnetic Field on a Microbial Fuel Cell in Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Madondo Nhlanganiso Ivan , Rathilal Sudesh , Bakare Babatunde Femi , Tetteh Emmanuel Kweinor
Published: May 2023

The selectivity of catalytic materials suitable for oxygen reduction potential of bio‐electrochemical systems is very affluent. Therefore, exploring magnetite and static magnetic field as alternative option to promote microbial electron transfer comes in handy. In this study, the application of magnetite‐nanoparticles and a static magnetic field on a microbial fuel cell (MFC) in anaerobic digestion was investigated. The experimental set‐up included four 1 L biochemical methane potential tests: a) MFC, b) MFC with magnetite‐nanoparticles (MFCM), c) MFC with magnetite‐nanoparticles and magnet (MFCMM), and d) control. The highest biogas production obtained was 545.2 mL/g VSfed in the MFCMM digester, which was substantially greater than the 117.7 mL/g VSfed of the control. This was accompanied by high contaminant removals for chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 97.3%, total solids (TS) of 97.4%, total suspended solids (TSS) of 88.7%, volatile solids (VS) 96.1%, and color of 70.2%. The electrochemical efficiency analysis revealed greater maximum current density of 12.5 mA/m2 and coulombic efficiency of 94.4% for the MFCMM. Kinetically, the cumulative biogas produced data obtained were well fitted on the modified Gompertz models and the greatest coefficient of determination (R2=0.990) was obtained in the MFCMM. Therefore, the application of magnetite‐nanoparticles and static magnetic field on MFC showed a high potential for bioelectrochemical methane production and contaminant removal for sewage sludge.
Scientific detector workshop 2022 on‐sky performance verification of near‐infrared e−APD technology for wavefront sensing and demonstration of e−APD pixel performance to improve the sensitivity of large science focal planes
Authors: Finger Gert , Eisenhauer Frank , Genzel Reinhard , Mandla Christopher , Baker Ian , Alvarez Domingo , Amorim Antonio , Brandner Wolfgang , Dupuy Christophe , Deen Casey , Ives Derek , Mehrgan Leander , Meyer Manfred , Perraut Karin , Perrin Guy , Stegmeier Jörg , Straubmeier Christian , Weller Harald J. , Isgar Vincent
Published: May 2023

Near‐infrared adaptive optics as well as fringe tracking for coherent beam combination in optical interferometry require the development of high‐speed sensors. Because of the high speed, a large analog bandwidth is required. The short exposure times result in small signal levels which require noiseless detection. Both requirements cannot be met by state‐of‐the‐art conventional CMOS technology of near‐infrared arrays as has been attempted previously. A total of five near‐infrared SAPHIRA 320 × 256 pixel HgCdTe e−APD arrays have been deployed in the wavefront sensors and in the fringe tracker of the VLTI instrument GRAVITY. The current limiting magnitude for coherent exposures with GRAVITY is mk = 19, which is made possible with ADP technology. New avalanche photo‐diode array (APD) developments since GRAVITY include the extension of the spectral sensitivity to the wavelength range from 0.8 to 2.5 μm. After GRAVITY a larger format array with 512 × 512 pixels has been developed for both AO applications at the ELT and for long integration times. Since dark currents of <10−3 e−/s have been demonstrated with 1Kx1K e−APD arrays and 2Kx2K e−APD arrays have already been developed, the possibilities and adaptations of e−APD technology to provide noiseless large‐format science‐grade arrays for long integration times are also discussed.
Chemiluminescence‐assisted study on a peracetic acid‐based advanced oxidation process activated with cobalt phosphide
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Sun Mingxia , Yuan Xiaohan , Wei Chudong , Su Yingying , Lv Yi
Published: May 2023

In recent years, the elimination of organic pollutants using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on peracetic acid (PAA) has drawn increasing attention due to the high oxidative potential and low byproducts. However, to explore more efficient and stable PAA‐based AOPs, there is still great room for study on the activation of PAA and degradation mechanism in the reaction process. In this study, a new PAA‐based AOP activated by metal–organic framework‐derived cobalt phosphide (CoP) and accompanied by chemiluminescence (CL) behaviour was explored. The CoP/PAA system could efficiently degrade 99.98% of RhB (20 mg L−1) within 5 min at pH 7 compared with the conventional Co3O4/PAA system (merely 17.29%), and the degradation process was matched well with the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic, and the kinetic constants was ~23.7 times higher than that of Co3O4 (0.546 min−1 for CoP vs. 0.023 min−1 for Co3O4). In the CoP/PAA/RhB process, the CL intensity was related to the concentration of 1O2, O2•– and acetyl peroxyl radicals [CH3C(O)OO• and CH3C(O)O•]. Therefore, CL analysis, combined with quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, was used to study the degradation mechanism in detail, and 1O2 was confirmed as the dominant contributor for the dye degradation.
Sustainable behaviour at work: How message framing encourages employees to choose electric vehicles
Authors: Decrinis Leonie , Freibichler Wolfgang , Kaiser Micha , Sunstein Cass R. , Reisch Lucia A.
Published: May 2023

This paper explores the application of message framing as a management practice to promote change in employee behaviour for corporate sustainability. We conduct a field experiment in a German automotive company to test the effects of three different frames (emotional, normative and gain) on pro‐environmental actions in relation to electric vehicle choices of 170 employees. The frames are applied via two communication channels: first, via emails to remind employees about ordering a new car and second, via pop‐up notifications appearing in the online system where employees complete their orders. We find that the interventions applied in emails, but not in pop‐up notifications, have significant positive effects on electric vehicle adoption. Yet, the durability of the effects is limited. Overall, gain framing in the form of cost saving information has the longest and most powerful impact on electric car choices. Our findings have implications for workplaces where employees might not yet possess strong pro‐environmental beliefs, showing that employee sustainable behaviour can be enhanced by emphasising complementary gain motives.
An updated overview of the application of CAR‐T cell therapy in neurological diseases
Authors: Shahabifard Hesam , Zarei Mahdi , Kookli Keihan , Esmalian Afyouni Nazgol , Soltani Narges , Maghsoodi Sairan , Adili Ali , Mahmoudi Javad , Shomali Navid , Sandoghchian Shotorbani Siamak
Published: May 2023

Genetically modified immune cells, especially CAR‐T cells, have captured the attention of scientists over the past 10 years. In the fight against cancer, these cells have a special place. Treatment for hematological cancers, autoimmune disorders, and cancers must include CAR‐T cell therapy. Determining the therapeutic targets, side effects, and use of CAR‐T cells in neurological disorders, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, is the goal of this study. Due to advancements in genetic engineering, CAR‐T cells have become crucial in treating some neurological disorders. CAR‐T cells have demonstrated a positive role in treating neurological cancers like Glioblastoma and Neuroblastoma due to their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and use diverse targets. However, CAR‐T cell therapy for MS diseases is being researched and could be a potential treatment option. This study aimed to access the most recent studies and scientific articles in the field of CAR‐T cells in neurological diseases and/or disorders.
Volatile Oil Yield and Composition, Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity and Secondary Metabolite Content of Collected Thymus praecox Species in Rize
Authors: Yurteri Emine
Published: May 2023

In this study, the volatile oil yield (Clevenger), volatile oil (VO) composition (Gas Chromatography), phenolic contents (UV‐VIS Spectrophotometer), antioxidant activities (UV‐VIS Spectrophotometer) and secondary metabolite content (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) of 11 Thymus praecox subspecies were evaluated. The most detected chemical class were oxygenated monoterpenes (55.18–86.1 %) in investigated samples. In the present study rosmarinic acid, isoquercitrin, gallocatechin and thymol could be detected in high amounts. The min. and max. content values of Flora/Field Samples were 1543.241 and 890.3‐1425.3 for rosmarinic acid, 139.44‐287.894 and 129.9‐312.2 for thymol, 38.619‐121.424 and 26.3‐112.9 for gallocatechin as mg/g DW. Principal Component Analysis was used to differentiate Thymus praecox species regarding volatile oil composition and secondary metabolite content. The results demonstrated that T. praecox collected from the Rize flora and cultivated afterwards showed variability based on investigated characteristics. Finally, the Thymus praecox samples displaying high bioactive compounds present useful information for further investigations and applications.
Preoperative simulation using three‐dimensional printer in four temporal bone surgeries
Authors: Fukumoto Ichiro , Mita Yukiyoshi , Shimmi Rie , Sonobe Yuri , Iinuma Tomohisa , Yamasaki Kazuki , Yonekura Shuji , Nemoto Toshimitsu , Hanazawa Toyoyuki
Published: May 2023

Preoperative simulation using a three‐dimensional printer is effective to perform safe surgery by knowing the range limit of drilling in the temporal bone. Moreover, simulations using models are thought to be useful for education of young surgeon.
A report of two cases with successful oocyte retrieval after wrongly earlier injection of ovulation induction trigger: Case report
Authors: Kabodmehri Roya , Sharami Seyedeh Hajar , Ghanami Gashti Nasrin , Hadi Bahadori Mohammad , Zahiri Sorouri Ziba
Published: May 2023

Oocyte maturation is induced by trigger administration and is acritical step in the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART)treatment. The ideal time interval between trigger administration and oocyte retrieval varies in the literature. Extremely short or long time intervals are both knownto cause unfavorable outcomes in oocyte collection. Accurate control over theinterval between trigger injection and oocyte retrieval is very important forwomen undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), to avoid unexpected premature ovulation.

In this report, we present two infertile women who mistakenly injected the triggering dose of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) 12 h earlier. Case 1 and case 2 were 23 and 30 years old, respectively. Therewas no intervention to prevent pre‐operative ovulation, and oocyte retrievalhas been done 48–50 h after trigger injection. oocytes and embryos quality wereacceptable.

In conclusion, in patients who have the wrong trigger injection, oocyte retrieval is recommended after consulting the patient about theadvantages and disadvantages of the oocyte retrieval operation.
Unusual presentation of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) versus catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome in a patient with Moya‐Moya disease, case report, and literature review
Authors: Guevara‐Rodriguez Nehemias , Marmanillo‐Mendoza Gabriela , Castelar Jorge , Ciobanu Camelia , Fulger Ilmana
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Coincidences in medicine are not so common. We are presenting a case of a patient diagnosed with Moya‐Moya disease and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) who presented with clinical and laboratory characteristics of catastrophic APS versus TTP. The diagnosis was a challenge because characteristics were overlapping. Nevertheless, a decision to treat the patient for TTP was made with afterward improvement. MMD has been associated with multiple immune disorders; however, only one case of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura has been documented in association with this disease. None has been associated with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. We are presenting a challenging case where all these three medical conditions were present at the same time.
A rare case of concurrent pneumonia, rib osteomyelitis, spondylodiscitis, paravertebral and epidural abscesses in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Tavakolizadeh Nahid , Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud , Beizaei Behnam , Izanlu Mostafa , Khoroushi Farzaneh , Aminzadeh Behzad
Published: May 2023

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder that is characterized by deficiencies in the phagocytes capacity to eliminate ingested microorganisms, which frequently causes bacterial and fungal infections. The extensive involvement of the lungs, ribs, and vertebrae that is complicated by multiple abscesses from aspergillosis is rare. in this study, we report a 13‐year‐old boy with CGD who experienced concurrent pneumonia, rib osteomyelitis, spondylodiscitis, paravertebral, and epidural abscesses as a result of Aspergillus flavus infection with associated computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Patients with CGD are susceptible to Aspergillus infection. Correct diagnosis based on clinical and paraclinical findings as well as choosing the best treatment regimen is essential for achieving a favorable outcome.
Construction of a Novel TiO2‐Covalent‐Organic‐Framework Heterojunction for Highly Selective Photo‐Oxidation Coupling of Amines under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhou Li , Huang Zezhao , Zhang Hao , Gao Huanjie , Tang Jiameng , Yao Xiaoquan
Published: May 2023

A novel heterojunction material constructed with titanium dioxide nanoparticles and covalent organic frameworks, TiO2@COF‐5 NPs, was designed and synthesized successfully from HHTP, PBBA and TiO2 under solvothermal conditions. Notably, the TiO2@COF‐5 heterojunction demonstrated excellent photocatalytic performance for the aerobic oxidative coupling reaction of benzylamines to N‐benzyl‐1‐phenyl methanimines under visible light irradiation, and both high conversions (up to 99 %) and high selectivity (99 %) were achieved for various benzylamines. The ameliorated photocatalytic performance might owe much to establishing the systematic coupling between the TiO2 nanoparticles and covalent organic frameworks, which could effectively extend the wavelength range of visible light absorption and increase more reactive active sites. This study might provide a versatile approach to combining covalent organic frameworks with inorganic semiconductors to give full play to the synergistic effect of catalysis.
Dipole‐Transmissive 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions for the Rapid Construction of Polycyclic N‐Heterocycles: Synthetic and Mechanistic Investigations
Authors: Henneveld Jackson S. , Shiri Farshad , Ariafard Alireza , Lucas Nigel T. , Bissember Alex C. , Hawkins Bill C.
Published: May 2023

The investigation of distinctive dipole‐transmissive dipolar cycloaddition (DTDC) methodology and the formalisation of this concept is reported. A DTDC procedure was able to be developed by taking advantage of the structural complementarity of azide and diazoalkane 1,3‐dipoles. Intramolecular azide‐alkene 1,3‐DCs followed by spontaneous dipole transmission upon work‐up furnished intermediate α‐diazoisoindole and α‐diazoisoquinoline substrates bearing the key secondary diazoalkane 1,3‐dipole. N‐Derivatisation of the intermediate α‐diazoisoindole and α‐diazoisoquinolines with a tethered secondary dipolarophile followed by a subsequent 1,3‐DC allowed for rapid construction of a range of functionalised polycyclic N‐heterocycles. Integrated experimental and theoretical studies established requirements for product formation and revealed the likely mechanistic basis of divergent reactivity observed.
Light‐Driven Dinitrogen Activation with Transition Metal Complexes: Mechanisms and Applications†
Authors: Zhao Xuan‐Xuan , Wei Junnian , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive Summary

The Haber‐Bosch process, which is used for ammonia (NH3) synthesis, requires vast amounts of energy, accounting for approximately 1%—2% of the world's annual energy consumption. Therefore, researchers in both industry and academia are interested in developing sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for synthesizing nitrogenous compounds at ambient conditions using renewable energy sources such as visible light. While several examples of thermal activation of dinitrogen molecules have been demonstrated using various transition metals and ligand frameworks, the use of light to weaken or split the strong N—N bond has been less explored. This article presents an overview of molecular complexes capable of dinitrogen photocleavage and provides mechanistic insights into the photoactivation process through experimental and theoretical studies. We believe this review will provide readers with an in‐depth understanding of the current state‐of‐the‐art and future research perspectives, particularly in the use of visible light for dinitrogen activation and transformation.
PROTOCOL: Group‐based interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the role of trauma type
Authors: Griffin Siobhán M. , Lebedová Alžběta , Ahern Elayne , McMahon Grace , Bradshaw Daragh , Muldoon Orla T.
Published: May 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The primary objective is to assess the effects of group‐based treatments on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology in people diagnosed with PTSD (by a clinician or screening instrument) or referred to a PTSD treatment group for their symptoms by a medical professional. We will also examine a range of moderators that may affect the efficacy of group‐based treatments, including the nature of the trauma (interpersonal, stigmatized) and the group fit (in terms of gender and shared vs. unshared trauma). Further, we will also explore what, if any, group‐based and social identity factors are recorded and how they relate to PTSD outcomes.
The climate change, conflict and migration nexus: A holistic view
Authors: Watson Tabitha , Lenton Tim , de Campos Ricardo Safra
Published: May 2023

Current discourse relating to climate change, conflict, migration (CCM), and the causal links thereof, is polarized. It is widely acknowledged that climate change will have a detrimental effect on quality of life, and that this impact will not be homogeneous across the globe. However, proposed causal links among CCM remain contentious. This paper argues that to better grasp the implications of climate change on global society and security, it is vital to develop a more systemic understanding of the interplay among CCM. Although this nexus is already recognized, studies to date have tended to be qualitative and statistical evidence of multivariate causality has been lacking, where quantitative analysis is present, it has typically been limited to two components at a time; few studies have addressed the nexus holistically, making research conclusions sometimes difficult to reconcile. Hence, by reviewing literature from a broad range of sources, this paper suggests a suite of systemic and quantitative approaches with which to address the CCM nexus. This review critically assesses the existing research approaches employed across a range of examples and suggests how leveraging the power of ‘big data’ and modelling the nexus as a complex system encapsulating both human and environmental drivers could offer new insights, especially for those looking to explore the increasing number of ‘what if’ scenarios relating to climate and human dynamics.
The use of patient‐reported outcome measures by healthcare professionals in specialized asthma management centers in French‐speaking Belgium: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Louis Gilles , Voz Bernard , Guillaume Michèle , Kirkove Delphine , Pétré Benoit
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Recently, the literature has promoted the use of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) in clinical practice as a means to foster patient engagement. However, conditions necessary to support the use of PROMs to encourage asthma patient engagement are not clearly defined. Therefore, we sought (1) to explore the current and ideal use of PROMs by healthcare professionals (HP) in specialized asthma management centers in French‐speaking Belgium and (2) to understand under which conditions the use of PROMs contributes to patient engagement.

Methods

We undertook a mixed‐methods study with both anonymous online survey and in‐person qualitative semi‐structured interviews conducted with HPs to understand their perspectives on the routine use of PROMs. HPs were recruited from 16 asthma centers (French‐speaking Belgium) identified via the Belgian Respiratory Society.

Results

Of the 170 HPs identified from the 16 participating centers, 51 (30%) responded to the survey (n = 51) and 11 completed semi‐structured interviews. 53% (27/51) of the surveyed HPs reported using PROMs primarily for asthma monitoring and clinical research while all reported that PROMs should primarily be used in practice to facilitate communication with the patient and to address neglected aspects of the care relationship such as the psychosocial aspects of the disease. The qualitative interviews revealed avenues for moving from a medical‐centered and utilitarian use of PROMs to a use serving patient engagement. This would require HPs to go beyond their current representation of PROMs, to use instruments offering a more holistic image of the patient, to incorporate PROMs into a digital tool and to integrate PROMs in a patient education process.

Conclusion

The main findings of this study suggest relevant avenues for using PROMs in ways that support patient engagement.