bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible mushrooms (raw, grilled and fried) using MSPE-GC/MS method: a risk assessment study
Authors: Shariatifar Nabi , Moazzen Maryam , Arabameri Majid , Moazzen Mojtaba , Khaniki Gholamreza Jehed , Sadighara Parisa
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of PAHs and health risk in edible mushrooms using magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. Based on the results, the concentration of total PAHs was in the range from 0.82 to 6.25 µg/kg (with the means of 3.85  ±  0.24 µg/kg). In this study, acenaphthylene (Ace) had the maximum mean level in mushroom samples (0.84  ±  0.19 μg/kg) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), acenaphthene (Ac), phenanthrene (Pa), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), fluoranthene (Fl), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP) and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BgP) had minimum mean level (non-detected). The highest mean values of total PAHs (4.88  ±  0.30 μg/kg) was detected in grilled mushroom samples and lowest mean of total PAHs (2.77  ±  0.04 μg/kg) was detected in raw mushroom samples. The concentration of contamination in edible mushrooms was raw  <  fried  >  grilled, respectively. Furthermore, heat map visualization was applied to evaluate the relationship between the quantity and type of 16 PAHs in edible mushroom samples. Ultimately, the incremental lifetime cancer risk in edible mushrooms for adults and children was 6.85E-08 and 3.47E-07, respectively, which was lower than the acceptable risk limit (10–6) and all of the edible mushrooms sold in Tehran were considered safe for consumers.
A realist synthesis of websites containing content on perfectionism: Are the descriptions and advice empirically supported?
Authors: Wade Tracey D. , Egan Sarah J. , Wleklinski Maggie , O’Brien Amy , Fitzallen Grace , Shafran Roz
Published: August 2021

Background

Perfectionism is a risk factor for depression and anxiety and is increasing in young people. It is important to understand the information that youth are exposed to about perfectionism on the internet and what may be required to make this more helpful in terms of accessing empirically supported descriptions and advice.

Methods

This research used novel methodology to investigate content about perfectionism on websites by conducting a realist synthesis of the definitions of perfectionism, and the degree to which websites contain empirically supported strategies and recognise the advantages and disadvantages of perfectionism. The results were presented to people aged 18 to 24 (N = 18) with a lived experience of anxiety/depression for feedback.

Results

The search yielded 992 websites, 266 of which were included in the synthesis; only one met the criteria for excellent quality with most (56%) judged as moderate. The feelings, thoughts, and behaviours that accompany perfectionism were commonly described, and strategies included identifying cognitions and developing alternatives, moving from self-criticism to self-compassion, normalising mistakes, adjusting goals, receiving practical support, and strategies for procrastination. The young people wanted further emphasis on depression and anxiety as consequences of perfectionism that contributed to a vicious cycle. They identified interventions were difficult, with greater levels of support needed.

Conclusions

While most websites contained empirically supported information, the quality needs to improve, and further information needs to be provided on the links with anxiety and depression. Interventions for perfectionism need to have more focus on helping young people develop support networks.
Grieving a disrupted biography: an interpretative phenomenological analysis exploring barriers to the use of mindfulness after neurological injury or impairment
Authors: Finlay K. A. , Hearn J. H. , Chater A.
Published: August 2021

Background

Mindfulness has demonstrated strong utility for enhancing self-management and health outcomes in chronic illness. However, sensation-focused mindfulness techniques may not be appropriate for clinical populations with neurological injury. This study aimed to identify how expert mindfulness teachers with sensory loss/impairment naturalistically adapt and experience mindfulness. We aimed to highlight the rationale for and barriers to mindfulness practice when living with sensory loss.

Methods

A qualitative, semi-structured interview design was used, analysed via Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Eight (5 females, 3 males) mindfulness teachers with neurological injury were recruited via a national registry of Mindfulness for Health teachers. Interviews (range: 50–93 min) were completed, transcribed verbatim and analysed idiographically for descriptive, linguistic and conceptual themes, before a cross-case analysis was completed.

Results

Two superordinate themes were identified: (1) Overcoming a disrupted biography; and (2) Proactive self-management. These themes considered the challenge of reconciling, through grief, a past health status with the present reality of living with sensory loss due to Spinal Cord Injury, Multiple Sclerosis or Functional Neurological Disorder. Mindfulness was experienced as a method by which proactive choices could be made to maintain control and autonomy in health, reducing perceptions of suffering, psychological distress, cognitive reactivity and rumination.

Conclusions

Mindfulness was found to support the self-management of health after neurological injury/impairment. Mindfulness meditation presented an initial challenge as trauma and grief processes were (re-)activated during mindfulness sessions. However, mindfulness was found to support the resolution of these grief processes and encourage adaptive approach-based coping and acceptance of health and neurological impairment/injury.
Improving efficiency for discovering business processes containing invisible tasks in non-free choice
Authors: Sarno Riyanarto , Sungkono Kelly Rossa , Taufiqulsa’di Muhammad , Darmawan Hendra , Fahmi Achmad , Triyana Kuwat
Published: August 2021

Process discovery helps companies automatically discover their existing business processes based on the vast, stored event log. The process discovery algorithms have been developed rapidly to discover several types of relations, i.e., choice relations, non-free choice relations with invisible tasks. Invisible tasks in non-free choice, introduced by$$\alpha ^{\$ }$$α$method, is a type of relationship that combines the non-free choice and the invisible task.$$\alpha ^{\$ }$$α$proposed rules of ordering relations of two activities for determining invisible tasks in non-free choice. The event log records sequences of activities, so the rules of$$\alpha ^{\$ }$$α$check the combination of invisible task within non-free choice. The checking processes are time-consuming and result in high computing times of$$\alpha ^{\$ }$$α$. This research proposes Graph-based Invisible Task (GIT) method to discover efficiently invisible tasks in non-free choice. GIT method develops sequences of business activities as graphs and determines rules to discover invisible tasks in non-free choice based on relationships of the graphs. The analysis of the graph relationships by rules of GIT is more efficient than the iterative process of checking combined activities by$$\alpha ^{\$ }$$α$. This research measures the time efficiency of storing the event log and discovering a process model to evaluate GIT algorithm. Graph database gains highest storing computing time of batch event logs; however, this database obtains low storing computing time of streaming event logs. Furthermore, based on an event log with 99 traces, GIT algorithm discovers a process model 42 times faster than α++and 43 times faster than α$. GIT algorithm can also handle 981 traces, while α++and α$has maximum traces at 99 traces. Discovering a process model by GIT algorithm has less time complexity than that by$$\alpha ^{\$ }$$α$, wherein GIT obtains$$O(n^{3} )$$O(n3)and$$\alpha ^{\$ }$$α$obtains$$O(n^{4} )$$O(n4). Those results of the evaluation show a significant improvement of GIT method in term of time efficiency.
Experimental investigation on potential use of drilling parameters to quantify rock strength
Authors: Lakshminarayana C. R. , Tripathi Anup Kumar , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: August 2021

The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) represents the strength of the rock. It frequently requires during the introductory phase of mining projects such as tunneling, rock excavation, blast hole designs, etc. Usually, the determination of UCS of rocks is carrying out in a concerned laboratory. The main drawback of determining the UCS in a laboratory requires at least five core samples of high-grade quality. Many problems and limitations are associated with removing the core, and also preparing the test specimen for UCS is tedious, time-consuming, and expensive. Therefore an attempt is made to develop an efficient indirect method to estimate the UCS of rocks without using the core samples. In this experimental investigation, the drilling response, such as thrust, is gathered by drill tool dynamometer considering the different drill operating parameters. The prediction model is developed with a regression technique using the measured thrust and calculated torque. The prediction capacity and validation of the model are carried out using the standard procedure. The experimental results show that the model could explain the variance in UCS up to 93.60%. RMSE and MAPE values in terms of percentage are 3.49% and 11.27%, respectively. Besides, the model's validation is checked for sandstone and limestone having the UCS 28 MPa and 35 MPa, respectively, and yielded the best prediction results with an error of 8.51% and 8.01% suggesting that the developed model could predict the UCS of sedimentary rock types within acceptable error limit, and reasonably. The correlation of UCS of rocks and drilling specific energy is also tested and found that linear relationship between them with an R2 value of 92.10%.
Lessons learned from hybrid surgery with preoperative coil embolization for an aberrant artery in pulmonary sequestration
Authors: Nakanishi Keita , Goto Masaki , Nakamura Shota , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi
Published: August 2021

Background

The optimal management of an aberrant artery in pulmonary sequestration (PS) is controversial. Several studies have shown that hybrid surgery with preoperative coil embolization for an aberrant artery and surgical resection of the sequestrated lung is effective. However, there are no clear indications for the procedure.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old woman without any complaints was diagnosed with right intralobar PS, which was supplied by an aberrant artery from the thoracic aorta, via computed tomography performed during a medical examination. In addition, lung adenocarcinoma was detected over the border between the right upper and middle lobes. Preoperative coil embolization was performed by an interventional radiologist the day before surgery to decrease the risk of severe intraoperative hemorrhage. On the following day, bi-lobectomy of the right upper and middle lobes for lung adenocarcinoma with systemic lymph node dissection and segmentectomy of the sequestrated lung with thoracotomy was performed. Although no active hemorrhage was observed during surgery, the aberrant artery was challenging to dissect using an energy device due to the presence of an intravascular coil. Eventually, the coil stump was exposed, and it was cut with scissors. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusions

We reported the pitfall of the hybrid surgery for intralobar PS. Preoperative coil embolization can prevent fatal intraoperative hemorrhage. If embolization is performed using a coil for an aberrant artery supplied from the thoracic aorta, where and how to dissect the aberrant artery should be cautiously determined based on preoperative images, with consideration of the presence of an intravascular coil.
A comparison of oncologist versus mental health provider attitudes towards standardized and tailored patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Jones Salene M. W. , Gaffney Aliana , Unger Joseph M.
Published: August 2021

Background

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can be used to monitor patients during treatment. Healthcare provider preferences for individualized vs. standardized PROs have been understudied.

Methods

This study surveyed oncology and mental health providers to compare attitudes towards individualized and standardized PROs. We have developed a method for individualizing PROs, called precision PROs, and the survey specifically assessed preferences for this method. We compared attitudes and preferences by provider type and by whether respondents were current or never users of PROs.

Results

Oncology providers expressed more positive attitudes for standardized PROs in treatment planning compared to mental health providers (F(1,440) = 5.978, p = 0.015). The interaction between provider type (oncology vs. mental health) and type of PRO (individualized vs. standardized) was not significant for the attitudes about the clinical utility of PROs (p = 0.709). When directly asked about the precision PRO approach, oncologists were less likely to prefer standardized items (OR = 0.478, p = 0.001) or have no preference (OR = 0.445, p = 0.007) to the precision PRO approach when compared to mental health providers. Qualitative analyses suggested standardized PROs may be simpler or easier to understand whereas individualized PROs better capture patient variability and the unique aspects of each patient’s condition. Some mental health providers expressed reticence about letting patients choose how to tailor PROs. Never users of PROs reported more positive attitudes towards individualized measures than standardized measures whereas current users of PROs did not have a difference in attitudes (p = 0.010). User status was mostly unrelated to preferences.

Conclusion

Results suggest that healthcare provider preference for individualized PROs may differ by medical specialty. How PROs are tailored may need to differ by discipline. This is particularly important given that previous research showing a preference for individualized PROs over standardized was conducted with psychotherapists. Further research on patient preferences for individualized and standardized PROs is warranted as is research on the clinical utility of individualized PROs such as the precision PRO approach.
Miniaturized wireless gastric pacing via inductive power transfer with non-invasive monitoring using cutaneous Electrogastrography
Authors: Perley Andrew , Roustaei Mehrdad , Aguilar-Rivera Marcelo , Kunkel David C. , Hsiai Tzung K. , Coleman Todd P. , Abiri Parinaz
Published: August 2021

Background

Gastroparesis is a debilitating disease that is often refractory to pharmacotherapy. While gastric electrical stimulation has been studied as a potential treatment, current devices are limited by surgical complications and an incomplete understanding of the mechanism by which electrical stimulation affects physiology.

Methods

A leadless inductively-powered pacemaker was implanted on the gastric serosa in an anesthetized pig. Wireless pacing was performed at transmitter-to-receiver distances up to 20 mm, frequency of 0.05 Hz, and pulse width of 400 ms. Electrogastrogram (EGG) recordings using cutaneous and serosal electrode arrays were analyzed to compute spectral and spatial statistical parameters associated with the slow wave.

Results

Our data demonstrated evident change in EGG signal patterns upon initiation of pacing. A buffer period was noted before a pattern of entrainment appeared with consistent and low variability in slow wave direction. A spectral power increase in the EGG frequency band during entrainment also suggested that pacing increased strength of the slow wave.

Conclusion

Our preliminary in vivo study using wireless pacing and concurrent EGG recording established the foundations for a minimally invasive approach to understand and optimize the effect of pacing on gastric motor activity as a means to treat conditions of gastric dysmotility.
A systematic review of effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA and ChAdOx1 adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines in the general population
Authors: Iheanacho Chinonyerem O. , Eze Uchenna I. H. , Adida Emmanuel A.
Published: August 2021

Background

High effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines is essential for the pandemic control. This study systematically reviewed available evidence on effectiveness of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccines in the general population, for improved vaccine policies and strategies.

Main body of the abstract

Using several keywords, a search of Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar and Hinari databases was conducted from December 1, 2020 to June 9, 2021. Eligible studies comprising original studies reporting effectiveness of the vaccines, were included following PRISMA guidelines. Individual studies were assessed for quality using National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute quality assessment tool. A total of 1766 titles were retrieved and 11 were included, out of which only 5 were peer-reviewed. Although data availability was limited, studies suggest equivalent effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality. Vaccine effectiveness increased steadily to about 35 days, with an enhanced effectiveness following the second dose.

Short conclusion

BNT162 and ChAdOx1 vaccines were associated with equivalent and high effectiveness which increased with time and a second dose in the general population. This encourages continued practice of other preventive measures, particularly during the first week of vaccination, and reinforces the need for a second dose.
Lung involvement prevalence in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis without known pulmonary disease: a multicentric cross sectional study
Authors: Paulin Francisco , Secco Anastasia , Benavidez Federico , Rodríguez Moncalvo Juan José , Carballo Orlando Gabriel , Ingenito Fernanda , Fernández Martin Eduardo , Cáceres Agustina , Caro Fabian , Sasaki Patricia , Alberti María Laura , Orausclio Paola , Riopedre Augusto , Rossi Santiago , de la Vega María Celina
Published: August 2021

Background

Clinically evident interstitial lung disease (ILD) affects between 10 and 42% of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Airway involvement seems to be even more common. Most of the available evidence comes from studies performed in established RA patients. The aim of our study was to know the prevalence of non-diagnosed lung disease (airway and interstitial involvement) in patients with early RA and look for associated factors.

Methods

We designed an observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study, and included patients with RA of less than two years since diagnosis. We performed a structured questionnaire, HRCT and lung functional tests looking for lung disease, together with joint disease evaluation. We analyzed which variables were associated with the presence of lung disease on HRCT.

Results

We included 83 patients, 83% females. The median (IQR) of time since RA diagnosis was 3 (1–6) months. In the HRCT, 57 patients had airway compromisea (72%), and 6 had interstitial abnormalities (7.5%). The most common altertion found in lung functional tests was a reduced DLCO (14%). The presence of at least one abnormality in the physical exam was associated with lung involvement on HRCT [13 (21.6%) vs 0 (0%); p = 0.026]. Also, patients with lung involvement presented significantly lower values of FVC% and DLCO%, and higher values of RV/TLC. No variable related to joint involvement was found associated with alterations in HRCT.

Conclusion

Our study shows that a large proportion of early RA patients has abnormal findings in HRCT. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Experimental animal models for diabetes and its related complications—a review
Authors: Kottaisamy Chidhambara Priya Dharshini , Raj Divya S. , Prasanth Kumar V. , Sankaran Umamaheswari
Published: August 2021

Diabetes mellitus, a very common and multifaceted metabolic disorder is considered as one of the fastest growing public health problems in the world. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, a condition with high glucose level in the blood plasma resulting from defects in insulin secretion or its action and in some cases both the impairment in secretion and also action of insulin coexist. Historically, animal models have played a critical role in exploring and describing malady pathophysiology and recognizable proof of targets and surveying new remedial specialists and in vivo medicines. In the present study, we reviewed the experimental models employed for diabetes and for its related complications. This paper reviews briefly the broad chemical induction of alloxan and streptozotocin and its mechanisms associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Also we highlighted the different models in other species and other animals.
Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome: clinical/genetic features and natural history in six Pakistani patients
Authors: Waheed Nadia , Ijaz Sadaqat , Fayyaz Zafar
Published: August 2021

Background

Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome (CDS; OMIM # 275630) is a rare neutral lipid storage disorder caused by mutation in ABHD5 (a/b hydrolase domain containing 5″) a cofactor for adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) resulting in intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerol (TG) in numerous body tissues. It is an autosomal recessive disorder mutation in ABHD5 that causes the partial or total loss of ATGL activation, leading to the accumulation of TG inside lipid droplets. We aim to assess the clinical and biochemical manifestations, diagnosis, follow-up and genotype–phenotype correlations in six Pakistani pediatric patients with CDS.

Results

Six male patients with mean age 15 months (9–24 months) diagnosed as CDS on the basis of non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma, hepatomegaly and Jordans bodies in peripheral smear. We identified two novel mutations in ABHD5 gene (c.338G > T and c.730_731insA). These mutations have a pathogenic and damaging influence on the ABHD5 protein structure and function. During the 2 year clinical follow-up one patient died of severe chest infection; he had severe phenotype. There is no genotype–phenotype correlation in CDS. Therapy with low fat diet, MCT oil, Vit E and ursodeoxycholic acid has promising results in CDS.

Conclusion

Non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma, steatohepatitis and Jordan’s anomaly are consistent findings in all cases of CDS. It is suggested that an accurate diagnosis of CDS should be based on combination of clinical features and pathognomonic ABHD5 mutations. More studies should be carried out to identify population-specific genetic mutations for the rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of CDS.
To understand the reproductive tract microbiome associated with infertility through metagenomics analysis
Authors: Vajpeyee Manisha , Yadav Lokendra Bahadur , Tiwari Shivam , Tank Parikshit
Published: August 2021

Background

Knowledge of the microbiome is in its infancy in health and human illness, especially concerning human reproduction. We will be better able to treat dysbiosis of the reproductive tract clinically if it is better explained and understood. It has been shown that altered vaginal microbiota affects parturition, and its function is uncertain in assisted reproductive technologies. However, the effects of recognized microbes such as Mycoplasma tuberculosis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are well established, resulting in subclinical changes which are considered to be risk factors for infertility and poor reproductive outcomes.

Main body

Recent studies indicate that the vaginal tract comprises several different organisms of the microbiome. Some microbiota can play an important role not only in the reproductive tract but also in overall health. The microbiome of the female reproductive tract has been identified mainly based on studies that examine vaginal samples across many reproductive technologies, using a metagenomics approach.

Conclusion

Alteration of reproductive tract microbiota or presence of certain microbiota irrespective of the level of pathogenicity may interfere with fertilization, implantation, and subsequent embryo development. This may lead to failed fertility treatments and reduced live birth rate (LBR).
Mental health and burnout in Nepalese medical students: an observational study
Authors: Kafle Bikram , Bagale Yashoda , Kadhum Murtaza , Molodynski Andrew
Published: August 2021

Background

Mental health problems among medical students are highly prevalent internationally. There have been very few studies however in Nepal. This study aimed to assess the frequency of mental health problems and burnout in Nepalese medical students.

Results

A total of 169 students responded to the questionnaire. Half (50%) of the surveyed students had some form of mental health problem according to the GHQ-12, while the OLBI showed that 85% students were disengaged and 65% were exhausted. The CAGE screening tool was positive in 14%, and 11% described illicit drug use. Sixty-four percent of students identified their academic studies as their major source of stress.

Conclusions

Timely recognition of mental health problems is imperative to avert psychiatric illness. Training on early identification and management of stress would be helpful. Further studies are required to identify the factors associated with poor mental health.
Computational evaluation of some compounds as potential anti-breast cancer agents
Authors: Idris Momohjimoh Ovaku , Abechi Stephen Eyije , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu
Published: August 2021

Background

The emergence of high resistance and toxicity of the existing anti-breast cancer drugs have demanded the need to design new drugs with improved activities against breast cancer. A computational technique incorporating quantitative structure–activity relationship and virtual template-based design was carried out to evaluate thirty-four compounds from derivatives of thiophene, pyrimidine, coumarin, pyrazole and pyridine with anti-breast cancer activities. The chemical structures of the compounds were drawn with chem draw v.12.0.2 and they were optimized using Spartan 14 software. The molecular descriptors were calculated with the aid of PaDel descriptor software. The dataset was curated and then divided into training and test set that was used to generate and validate the model.

Results

The first out of the four models generated was chosen as the paramount model with statistical validations of R2 = 0.9847, $$R_{{{\text{adj}}}}^{2}$$

R

adj

2

 = 0.9814, $$Q_{{{\text{cv}}}}^{2}$$

Q

cv

2

 = 0.9763, min expt. error for non-significant LOF (95%) = 0.0679, an external validation $$R_{{{\text{test}}}}^{2}$$

R

test

2

of 0.8240 and coefficient of Y-randomization ($${\text{cR}}_{{\text{p}}}^{2}$$

cR

p

2

) = 0.8200, which confirm the robustness of the model.

Conclusions

The high predictive power of the generated model describes the models’ reliability and the designed compounds pointed out compound 2 with pGI50 = 4.2504 as the best designed compound to inhibit breast cancer, compared to its co-designed compounds and the template. The results of this research provide vital information to the pharmaceutical chemists and the pharmacologist in the course of developing new breast cancer drugs.
Is radio an effective method for delivering actionable information for responding to emerging pest threats? A case study of fall armyworm campaign in Zambia
Authors: Rware Harrison , Kansiime Monica K. , Mugambi Idah , Onyango David , Tambo Justice A. , Banda Catherine Mloza , Phiri Noah A. , Chipabika Gilson , Matimelo Mathews , Chaaba Dorcas Kabuya , Davis Tamsin , Godwin Julien
Published: August 2021

Background

The Fall Army Worm (FAW) radio campaign was implemented between November 2018 and April 2019 in key maize growing areas and locations with reported high severity of fall armyworm as identified by national stakeholders. We evaluated the effectiveness of radio mass extension campaign in achieving scale, and effect on farmers’ knowledge and uptake of management practices for fall armyworm (FAW). We also assessed the factors determining farmers’ participation in radio campaign, to inform future and similar campaigns.

Methods

Data were gathered through a household survey targeting locations where the campaign was implemented; and 250 male and 215 female farmers were surveyed. The study was conducted in four of the seven provinces where the campaign took place—Eastern, Luapula, Copperbelt and Southern provinces. Selection of the sample provinces was based on reported rainfall distribution during the season and severity of FAW infestation, radio coverage areas and maize growing intensities.

Results

The radio campaign reached an estimated 1.4 million farmers. Survey results show that both male and female radio listeners were significantly more aware of fall armyworm, and more likely to adopt management practices than non-radio listeners, in particular preventive measures such as frequent monitoring, intercropping and crop rotation. This means that participation in the radio-based extension campaign significantly increased farmers’ knowledge and stimulated uptake of management practices for FAW. However, the survey showed that only 49% of the respondents listened to at least one FAW radio episode. Predictors of farmer participation in radio campaign were; gender, education level, and maize farm size.

Conclusions

The results imply that deliberate promotion of such programs would enhance listenership and improve interactivity while at the same time integrating other extension approaches. The integration also provides opportunities for equally reaching women as men, given the observed digital divide.
Exergy analysis and performance study for sour water stripper units, amine regenerator units and a Sulphur recovery unit of a refining plant
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Y. , Ashour Fatma H. , Gadalla Mamdouh A.
Published: August 2021

A refining column in the middle east that started its official production in 2020 provides its sour wastewater from all refinery plants to two sour water units (SWS1 and SWS2) to strip H2S and NH3. Sour gas from the refinery uses a lean amine solution for gas sweetening to absorb H2S in different absorbers. Rich amine with H2S is then stripped in two amine regeneration units (ARU1 and ARU2). The overhead of SWS and ARU units provide the acid gas feed to the sulphur recovery unit (SRU) to produce sulphur and prevent any acidic emissions against environmental regulations. First, the SWS1 unit is simulated using Aspen HYSYS V.11. A complete exergy study is conducted in the unit. Exergy destruction, exergy efficiency and percentage share in the destruction are calculated for all equipment. The highest exergy destruction rate was in the stripper with 5028.58 kW and a percentage share of 81.94% of the total destruction. A comparison was conducted between the exergy results of this study with two other exergy studies performed in the same refinery plant. The columns in the three studies showed the highest destruction rates exceeding 78% of the total destruction of each unit. The air coolers showed the second-highest destruction rates in their units with a percentage share exceeding 7% of the total destruction. The pumps showed the lowest destruction rates with values of less than 1% of the total destruction of each unit. Then, an individual simulation is conducted for stripper1 of SWS1, stripper2 for SWS2, regenerator1 of ARU1 and regenerator2 of ARU2. The individual simulations are combined in one simulation named combined simulation to compute the composition of acid gas from SWS and ARU units feeding SRU. Then, the SRU unit is simulated via a special package in HYSYS V.11 named SULSIM. The computed composition from SWS and ARU is exported to excel where it is linked with SRU simulation to calculate sulphur production. For the first time in any article in the world, all data feeding SWS, ARU, and SRU units are connected to a live system named Process Historian Database (PHD) to gather live data from the plant and perform plant optimization.
A sliced-3D approach to finite-difference time-domain modeling by optimizing perfectly matched layers
Authors: Delf Richard , Giannopoulos Antonios , Bingham Robert G. , Curtis Andrew
Published: August 2021

Finite-difference time-domain forward modeling is often used to gain a more quantitative understanding of the interactions between electromagnetic fields and targets. To undertake full 3D simulations, the computational demands are challenging, so simulations are often undertaken in two dimensions, in which assumptions in the propagation of electromagnetic fields and source type can result in errors. We have developed the concept of a sliced-3D simulation, wherein a thin slice of a 3D domain with strictly 2D geometry is used to minimize computational demands while obtaining synthetic waveforms that contain full 3D propagation effects. This approach requires optimization of perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition parameters so as to minimize the errors associated with the source being located close to the boundary, and as a result of grazing-incident angle wave conversion to evanescent energy. We explore the frequency dependence of PML parameters, and we establish a relationship between complex frequency stretching parameters and effective wavelength. The resultant parameter choice is shown to minimize propagation errors in the context of a simple radioglaciological model, in which 3D domains may be prohibitively large, and for a near-surface cross-borehole survey configuration, a case in which full-waveform inversion may typically be used.
Bayesian Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method for the estimation of pyrolysis parameter S1
Authors: Luo Kun , Zong Zhaoyun , Yin Xingyao , Cao Hong , Lu Minghui
Published: August 2021

A Gaussian mixture Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) Bayesian method has been developed for the inversion of petrophysical parameters such as pyrolysis parameter S1, which is driven by a statistical shale rock-physics model. Pyrolysis parameter S1 can be used to indicate the content of free or adsorbed hydrocarbons in source rock, and it is an important indicator to evaluate the production of shale oil reservoirs. However, most studies on pyrolysis parameters are based on pyrolysis experiments and there is no relevant study to inverse pyrolysis parameter S1 from seismic data. In addition, compared to the total organic carbon content, pyrolysis S1 is more accurate for evaluating gas and oil in shale. In particular, high values of pyrolysis S1 can directly indicate the content of shale oil. We have developed a strategy for assessing shale oil sweet spots through estimating pyrolysis S1 and other petrophysical parameters. Based on the Gaussian mixture assumptions for the prior distribution of the model, we build a joint distribution to link the pyrolysis parameter S1 with elastic attributes, and then we derive a formulation to inverse S1 with the Bayesian model. Due to the components of the Gaussian mixture, the HMC method has been used to sample the posterior distribution. Our study finds that the HMC method for sampling can improve the efficiency and allow a more robust quantification of the uncertainty; also, application to real seismic data sets indicates that the delineation of sweet spots is more accurate combined with pyrolysis S1.
Efficient iterative prestack least-squares reverse time migration through surface-offset gather compression
Authors: da Costa Filho Carlos Alberto , Goudel Azevedo Gregório , Pereira Roberto , Khalil Adel
Published: August 2021

Extended least-squares inversion is superior to stack-based least-squares inversion for imaging the subsurface because it can better account for amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) effects as well as residual moveout (RMO) effects induced by erroneous velocity models. Surface-offset extensions have proven to be a robust alternative to angle gathers as well as subsurface extensions when applied to narrow-azimuth data acquisitions, especially when using erroneous velocity models. As such, least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) applied to surface-offset gathers (SOGs) obtains accurate surface-offset-dependent estimates of the reflectivity with better AVO behavior, while respecting the curvatures of the events in the gathers. Nevertheless, the computational expense incurred by SOG demigration generally renders this process unfeasible in many practical situations. We have exploited a compression scheme for SOGs that captures AVO and some RMO effects to improve efficiency of extended LSRTM. The decompression operator commutes with the demigration operator; therefore, gathers compressed in the model domain may be decompressed in the data domain. This obviates the need to demigrate all SOGs, requiring only the demigration of a few compressed gathers. We determine the accuracy of this compression in the model and data domains with a synthetic 2D data set. We then use our model-compression/data-decompression scheme to SOG-extended iterative LSRTM for two field data examples from offshore Brazil. These examples demonstrate that our compression can capture most AVO and some RMO information accurately, while greatly improving efficiency in many practical scenarios.
An introduction to distributed training of deep neural networks for segmentation tasks with large seismic data sets
Authors: Birnie Claire , Jarraya Haithem , Hansteen Fredrik
Published: August 2021

Deep learning applications are drastically progressing in seismic processing and interpretation tasks. However, most approaches subsample data volumes and restrict model sizes to minimize computational requirements. Subsampling the data risks losing vital spatiotemporal information which could aid training, whereas restricting model sizes can impact model performance, or in some extreme cases renders more complicated tasks such as segmentation impossible. We have determined how to tackle the two main issues of training of large neural networks (NNs): memory limitations and impracticably large training times. Typically, training data are preloaded into memory prior to training, a particular challenge for seismic applications in which the data format is typically four times larger than that used for standard image processing tasks (float32 versus uint8). Based on an example from microseismic monitoring, we evaluate how more than 750 GB of data can be used to train a model by using a data generator approach, which only stores in memory the data required for that training batch. Furthermore, efficient training over large models is illustrated through the training of a seven-layer U-Net with input data dimensions of [Formula: see text] (approximately [Formula: see text] million parameters). Through a batch-splitting distributed training approach, the training times are reduced by a factor of four. The combination of data generators and distributed training removes any necessity of data subsampling or restriction of NN sizes, offering the opportunity to use larger networks, higher resolution input data, or move from 2D to 3D problem spaces.
Protocol for a scoping review of neonatal emollient therapy and massage practices throughout sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Blanks Keona J.H. , Musaba Milton W. , Ren Lily , Burgoine Kathy , Mukunya David , Clarke Andrew , Williams Sarah , Gebremichael Tewodros , Waiswa Peter , Darmstadt Gary L.
Published: August 2021

Background: Serious infections and other complications from very low birth weight and prematurity are the leading causes of death for neonates worldwide. Infections partly result from the compromised skin barrier function in preterm neonates. Optimal skin care practices for neonates, especially in settings with limited access to adequate hygienic conditions, hold potential to reduce infection and avoid these preventable preterm neonatal deaths. The purpose of this protocol is to support a scoping review of neonatal skin care, emollient therapy and massage practices throughout sub-Saharan Africa.

Protocol: The proposed review will follow a methodological framework consisting of the following five steps: (i) identifying the research question, (ii) identifying relevant studies, (iii) selection of eligible studies, (iv) charting the data, and (v) collating and summarizing the results. In addition, we will reflect on the implications of the findings for the feasibility and design of randomized controlled trials to examine the impact of emollient therapy on survival, growth, infection and neurodevelopment of very low birth weight infants in sub-Saharan Africa. We will search domestic and international databases for literature published in English between January 1, 2000, and July 12, 2021. Articles will be chosen based on standardized inclusion criteria. The primary criteria for inclusion will be a report on skin care practices administered to neonates in Africa.

Conclusions: Documentation of common neonatal skin care practices throughout Africa has the potential to highlight opportunities for skin care intervention and future research on neonatal skin care practices in sub-Saharan Africa, and support the development of future emollient intervention trials for preterm and low birthweight neonates in low- and middle-income countries.
Automated identification of borrowings in multilingual wordlists
Authors: List Johann-Mattis , Forkel Robert
Published: August 2021

Although lexical borrowing is an important aspect of language evolution, there have been few attempts to automate the identification of borrowings in lexical datasets. Moreover, none of the solutions which have been proposed so far identify borrowings across multiple languages. This study proposes a new method for the task and tests it on a newly compiled large comparative dataset of 48 South-East Asian languages from Southern China. The method yields very promising results, while it is conceptually straightforward and easy to apply. This makes the approach a perfect candidate for computer-assisted exploratory studies on lexical borrowing in contact areas.
Spiritual and religious beliefs and behaviour: data collected from 27/28-year-old offspring in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, 2019-2020.
Authors: Iles-Caven Yasmin , Bickerstaffe Iain , Northstone Kate , Golding Jean
Published: August 2021

Religious/spiritual belief and practices have sometimes been demonstrated to have positive associations with outcomes such as coping with serious illness, anxiety, depression, negative life events and general well-being, and therefore warrants consideration in many facets of health research. For example, increasing secularisation evidenced, particularly in the West, may reflect increasing rates of depression and anxiety. 

Very few studies have charted the ways in which religious/spiritual beliefs and practices of parents and their offspring vary longitudinally or between generations. Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is one such study that can relate belief and practices with aspects of physical and mental health and/or distinguish the different facets of the environment that may influence the development, or inter-generational loss, of belief and behaviours. This paper describes the 2019-2020 data collection in the ALSPAC on the religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours (RSBB) of the study offspring (born 1991/1992) at ages 27-28 years. Previously collected and new data on the offspring are described here and comparisons are made with identical data completed by their parents (mothers and their partners) in early 2020.

The most striking observations are that in almost all aspects of RSBB the offspring of both sexes are more secular, especially when compared with their mothers. For example, 56.2% of offspring state that they do not believe in God, or a divine power compared with 26.6% of mothers and 45.3% of mothers’ partners. When asked about their type of religion, 65.4% of participants stated ‘none’, compared with 27.2% of mothers and 40.2% of partners. This confirms previous research reporting increasing secularisation from one generation to the next. As with the mothers and their partners, female offspring were more likely than males to believe in a divine power and to practice their beliefs.
COVID-19 and Fulminant Clostridium difficile Colitis Co-Infection
Authors: Sheikh Abdul Ahad Ehsan , Sheikh Abu Baker , Shah Ishan , Khair Ali Hamza , Javed Nismat , Shekhar Rahul
Published: August 2021

The development of Clostridium difficile infection in COVID-19 patients is an understudied complication of the disease. Herein, we present the case of a 46-year-old man who developed severe healthcare-associated C. difficile infection leading to toxic megacolon and perforation in the setting of COVID-19 infection. It is important to continue to follow guidelines regarding antibiotics in healthcare settings to prevent such complications.
Inovasi Pengelolaan Hubungan Masyarakat Untuk Peningkatan Partisipasi Orang Tua Dalam Kegiatan Belajar Anak
Authors: Marsudi Marsudi , Sumarsih Sumarsih , Pestalozi Donni
Published: August 2021

PPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan Inovasi program hubungan masyarakat untuk meningkatkan partisipasi orang tua dalam kegiatan belajar anak,Pelaksanaan koordinasi inovasi hubungan masyarakat untuk meningkatkan partisipasi orang tua dalam kegiatan belajar anak.Teknik-teknik inovasi hubungan masyarakat untuk meningkatkan partisipasi orang tua dalam kegiatan belajar anak.Inovasi evaluasi hubungan masyarakat untuk meningkatkan partisipasi orang tua dalam kegiatan belajar anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subyek penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Maur Kecamatan. Data penelitian didapatkan dari hasil observasi, wawancara, angket/kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan temuan dan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan Inovasi Program hubungan masyarakat di SMP Negeri Maur Kecamatan Rupit sangat penting untuk dilakukan karena dalam perencanaan diketahui apa apa yang harus dilakukan kedepannya. Dalam perencanaan humas diadakan rapat dinas di awal tahun ajaran dan melibatkan semua elemen di SMP Negeri Maur Kecamatan Rupit yaitu kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, Guru, Staf dan Komite SMP Negeri Maur Kecamatan Rupit dan dilakukan secara terbuka dan tidak tertutup para pihak yang terlibat memberikan saran saran dan masukan tentang perkembangan sekolah.Koordinasi inovasi hubungan masyarakat di SMP Negeri Maur Kecamatan Rupit.
The Development of Active Learning Based Stage Play Learning Media of Indonesia Language Theme 7 for Fourth Grade Primary School
Authors: Sabilla Milliati Aulia , Suyatno Suyatno
Published: August 2021

The success of learning Bahasa needs to be supported by learning media that can condition students to be actively involved in learning. This study aims to develop active learning-based stage play learning media for Indonesian language lesson of Four grade which can be used to support the learning process to assist teachers in delivering the lesson. The research design of this study is research and development included steps of potential and problem analysis, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product trial, product revision, trial use and product revision, these steps of R&D were carried out in fourgrade state primary school 1 of Muntok, Bangka Regency. The data was collected through the observation then conducting the assessment by the expert and the questionnaire of student and teacher assessment. A qualitative and quantitative data were used to analyze the collected data. The research result showed that active learning-based stage play learning media for Bahasa lesson of theme 7 of fourth-grade primary school is feasibly used as learning media. Based on the expert assessment, the overall result of media, material, and learning expert is 75,3 with a feasible category. Assessment of learning practitioners was assisted by teachers of class 4 with 89 of very feasible category, and student assessment obtained 95 with very feasible category.