bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leishmanin Skin Testing in the Diagnosis of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Freeman Keith , Mello Winstonde
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Two hundred thirty‐three British troops were tested before and 2 months after a 6‐month period in Belize. No erythematous indurated reactions developed on the initial tests; four subjects developed such reactions on the second test. Three of these subjects had skin ulcer at the time of the second test the fourth developed an ulcer 2 weeks later.

Leishmania braziliensis sp were isolated from all of these ulcers. Two subjects who showed no reaction on either of their tests developed skin ulcers within 1 month of the second test. Leishmania braziliensis sp were isolated from these ulcers. The leishmanin test performed 2 months after return from an endemic area does not provide a satisfactory screening test for leishmaniasis. An indurated reaction correlates well with the presence of disease, but a negative reaction does not exclude this developing later.
Tinea Capitis
Authors: Sehgal V. N. , Saxena A. K. , Kumari Sudershan
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A study of 50 patients with tinea capitis revealed that it affects school children of low socioeconomic status. Clinical diagnosis of grey patch, black dot, seborrheic, kerion, and pustular inflammatory varieties was made. In all, 37 cultures were positive for dermatophytes, wherein most were Trichophyton violaceum. Some grew T. rubrum, T. mentagropytes, and T. verrucosum. A correlation between the clinical variants and fungi was also attempted.
An Unusual Presentation of Histiocytosis X
Authors: Pareek S. S. , Hawass Nour‐El‐Din
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A 20‐year‐old, single Saudi man was examined in the outpatient clinic in January 1980, complaining of ulcers in the groin, discharge from the right ear, and gum enlargement of 2 years' duration. Also in 1980, ulcerating lesions developed in both axillae. One year later the patient was admitted to the hospital for spontaneous pneumothorax, and in the same year a small nodule in the upper left eyelid and fissuring of the nails were noted. In 1982, the patient complained of perianal ulceration and rapidly enlarging submandibular swelling with multiple sinuses and ranula.
Lipoid Proteinosis
Authors: L Ramsey Michael , Tschen Jaime A. , Wolf, Jr. John E.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Lipoid proteinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that can affect the majority of organ systems, but most frequently presents due to its characteristic skin and mucous membrane changes. This was illustrated in a 27‐year‐old patient. Because its manifestations are easily misinterpreted, one might reasonably assume that the incidence of lipoid proteinosis may be higher than previously reported.
Dermatitis Artefacta
Authors: Van Moffaert M. , Vermander F. , Kint A.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Self‐inflicted dermatoses mainly refer to psychiatric disturbances such as psychoses, mental retardation, and personality disorders. Diagnostic clues are found in the nature and the evolution of the lesions as well as in the ambivalent combination of dependency on doctors and hostility toward them revealed in the patient's medical history. Management of dermatitis artefacta patients means dealing with the complex emotional issue of a basic antagonism in the dermatologist‐patient relationship. Both the dermatologist and the dermatologic nursing staff should show an understanding and nonaggressive attitude.
Is the Year Book Really Necessary?
Authors: Dupont Charles
Published: May 2007

Abstract: The 1980 Year Book of Dermatologywas analyzed in detail. Articles were arbitrarily classified as useful, laboratory, and exotic. “Useful” was defined as mainly clinical in content or with obvious clinical relevance. “Laboratory” implied that the author was unable to understand the article because of the predominant biochemical, immunologic, histochemic, or electron‐microscopic content involved. “Exotic” meant the article was about a disease that the author had never seen. Of 346 articles analyzed, 270 were found to be useful, 35 laboratory, and 41 exotic. Only 95 of 270 useful articles were in journals that the author normally reads. The Year Books of 1969, 1970, and 1979 contained 1/4, 1/3, and 2/5 useful articles, respectively. Detailed analysis of the above categories was done by subject Many important articles were present in the literature but were not quoted in the Year Book, It is concluded that the Year Book varies from year to year in its relevance but is still essential reading. The dermatologist must nevertheless amplify it with the standard specialist and general journal; otherwise, important contributions wilt be missed.
In Vitro Suppression of Human Lymphocyte Activity by Minoxidil
Authors: Galbraith Gillian M. P. , Thiers Bruce H.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: The in vitro effect of minoxidil on normal human lymphocyte activity was studied. At a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, minoxidil significantly inhibited phytohemagglutinin‐dependent lymphocyte DNA synthesis (p < 0.05), and at 0.01 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, and 0.1 mg/ml, it suppressed mitogen‐dependent production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor (p < 0.04, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01, respectively), without compromising cell viability. Minoxidil thus appears to exert a suppressive effect on normal human T‐lymphocytes in vitro. The physiologic relevance of these findings remains uncertain.
Subcutaneous Abscesses Caused by Nocardia brasiliensis Complicated by Malignant LymphomaL A Survey of Cutaneous Nocardiosis Reported in Japan
Authors: Nishimoto Katsutaro , Ohno Masaki
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A 47‐year‐old Japanese man suffering from T‐cell leukemia was examined for multiple subcutaneous abscesses followed to abrasion wound on his right knee. The causative organism was clustered, fine‐branched filaments in pus aspirated from the lesions, identified as Nocardia brasiliensis. Most of the lesions regressed from the combined therapy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, leaving an ulcer on the patient's left leg. The nocardiosis cases in Japan until 1984, including this one, were briefly surveyed.
Pustular Acne
Authors: Piampmongsant Thada
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Pustules from 92 new cases of pustular acne and grarri‐negative folliculitis were cultured in aerobic medium for superimposed bacterial infection. During the treatment of 1,561 new patients with papular acne with tetracycline and topical clindamycin and antibacterial soaps, an additional 10 developed pustules. The maiority showed in vitro resistance to ampicillin. The effective treatment was co‐trimoxazole and topical gentamicin. A new classification of acne with practical therapeutic use is needed.
Chromate Sensitivity in Singapore
Authors: Leok GohChee
Published: May 2007

Abstract: The incidence of chromate sensitivity in a South East Asian country was found to be 3.22%, the female:male ratio being 1:5, with the majority of the allergies being occupational in origin in men and unexplained in women. Cement was the most common cause among the occupational allergies. Housewives and office workers were the most common occupations in those with unexplained allergies.
Perforating Granuloma Annulare
Authors: Shimizu Hiroshi , Harada Takashi , Baba Emi , Kuramochi Masao
Published: May 2007

Abstract: With more than 3 years' follow‐up, dramatic clinical transfiguration of granuloma annulare was observed in a 59‐year‐old man with perforating granuloma annulare. The eruption was at first localized, then became generalized, developed perforations, and subsided in parallel with the improvement of associated diabetes mellitus. After reviewing 23 cases of perforating granuloma annulare from the literature, the authors divided the eruptions into two types according to their clinical features, naming one type papular perforating type (P‐type) and the other ulcerative perforating type (U‐type). U‐type is strongly correlated with diabetes; patients with this type require detailed laboratory examination (or the presence of diabetes mellitus.
The Efficacy of Permethrin Lotion in Pediculosis Capitis
Authors: Mazas E.Ares , Porto M.Casal , Perez M. C.Sela , Farquhar J. A. , Hutchinson D. B. A.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A clinical trial of the pyrethroid permethrin in 1% lotion was performed on 20 children. Ten were treated (or 10 minutes and 10 for 2 hours. All lice washed off the heads of children treated for 2 hours were dead immediately after treatment. Twenty‐four percent of the lice removed from one child treated for 10 minutes were still alive 2 hours later. The ovicidal effect was similar in both groups, with egg mortality 88% and 90% following 10‐minute and 2‐hour treatment, respectively. The mortality of untreated control eggs was 14% and 11%, respectively.
HLA and β2‐microglobulin Expression in Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Skin
Authors: Hua Lin Al , Kagen Charles N. , Carpenter Randall J. , Goltz Robert W.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Histologic sections of seven sequamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 13 basal cell carcinomas (BCC), and a bowenoid actinic keratoses were examined for expression of HLA class 1 antigens (HLA‐ABC) using a monoclonal antibody and an immunoperoxidase technique. Expression of β2‐microglobulin was examined with a polyclonal antibody method. Neither cell marker was detected within the Bowwenoid actinic keratoses. Squamous cell carcinomas and basla cell carcinomas exhibited decreased expression of both HLA‐ABC and β2‐microglobulin and often did not express these antigens at all. HLA‐ABC was present in only two of 13 basal cell carcinomas and four of seven sequamous cell carcinomas. β2‐microglobulin was present in one of 13 basal cell carcinomas and two of seven squamous cell carcinomas. When present, these antigens other. In both SCC and BCC, both antigens were usually lost simultaneously. In all tumors with β2‐microglobulin, HLA‐ABC and β2‐microglobulin on their surfaces, the absence of these antigens is not an absolute marker for malignanancy.
Topical Zinc Therapy for Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Cochran Ronald J. , Tucker Stephen B. , Flannigan Stephen A.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A double‐blind study of 30 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a topically applied 2% zinc sulfate solution for acne therapy. Over a 12‐week period, no difference was noted between placebo‐ and zinc‐treated participants in regard to either the number or type of acne lesions. The irritancy due to topically applied zinc was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) than that due to the placebo. Zinc serum levels were not significantly elevated between the two regimens before, during, or after treatment. This study suggests that topical zinc therapy alone is not of significant benefit in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
In Vitro Suppression of Human Lymphocyte Activity by Minoxidil
Authors: Galbraith Gillian M. P. , Thiers Bruce H.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The in vitro effect of minoxidil on normal human lymphocyte activity was studied. At a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, minoxidil significantly inhibited phytohemagglutinindependent lymphocyte DNA synthesis (p < 0.05), and at 0.01 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, and 0.1 mg/ml, it suppressed mitogen‐dependent production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor (p < 0.04, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01, respectively), without compromising cell viatility. Minoxidil thus appears to exert a suppressive effect on normal human T‐lymphocytes in vitro. The physiologic relevance of these findings remains uncertain.
Chromomycosis in Zaire
Authors: Banks Isaac S. , Palmieri James R. , Lanoie Leo , Connor Daniel H. , Meyers Wayne M.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Biopsy specimens from 17 Zairians with chromomycosis are described. Patients ranged in age from 20 to 50 years, with a mean of 37.2 (±10.2). Chromomycosis was suspected clinically in only 3 of the 17 patients. In 14 patients the lesions were on the lower limbs and in 3 on the arms. The lesions were chronic, in one patient persisting for 9 years. The diagnosis was established in each patient by finding typical thick‐walled brown fungi within the lesions. Some fungi were in abscesses, others were in histiocytes or giant cells. The fungi and the inflammatory reaction were concentrated in the upper dermis. Acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis were constant features and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) was a feature in 10 patients. Transepithelial elimination (TEE) of fungi was a conspicuous feature in eight specimens. Microscopic features suggested TEE in an additional three. PEH and TEE were associated in all specimens. In patients with TEE, the diagnosis may be confirmed quickly by smearing surface scrapings and finding the characteristic brown fungi.
Clobetasol Propionate Versus Fluocinonide Creams in Psoriasis and Eczema
Authors: Jegasothy Brian , Jacobson Coleman , Levine Norman , Millikan Larry , Olsen Elise , Pinnell Sheldon , Cole Gary , Weinstein Gerald , Porter Marvin
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A double‐blind, parallel comparison was made of the short‐term efficacy and safety of three times daily regimens of 0.05% clobetasol propionate cream and 0.05% fluocinonide cream in 114 adolescent and adult patients with psoriasis and 113 with eczema. After 2 weeks of topical applications, patients were assessed according to (1) investigators' overall judgment of clinical response, (2) degree of severity of specific signs and symptoms, and (3) patients' evaluation of improvement. In all three response categories in psoriasis, and in two of three in eczema, clobetasol was statistically significantly superior to fluocinonide (p < 0.05‐p < 0.001). Healing commenced more rapidly with clobetasol and there was no indication of tachyphylaxis. In contrast, the healing rate with fluocinonide slowed noticeably after the first week, and there was a greater tendency to relapse following fluocinonide treatment. Both regimens were safe: drug‐related side effects were generally mild and occurred most commonly with fluocinonide therapy in eczema patients. Overall, drug‐related effects occurred in 4% of patients receiving clobetasol and 12% receiving fluocinonide (p < 0.05). Transient morning plasma cortisol reductions below 5 μg/dl occurred in 6% of clobetasol‐treated patients, reverting to normal within 1 week of the end of treatment.
Perforating Granuloma Annulare
Authors: Shimizu Hiroshi , Harada Takashi , Baba Emi , Kuramochi Masao
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: With more than 3 years' follow‐up, dramatic clinical transfiguration of granuloma annulare was observed in a 59‐year‐old man with perforating granuloma annulare. The eruption was at first localized, then became generalized, developed perforations, and subsided in parallel with the improvement of associated diabetes mellitus. After reviewing 23 cases of perforating granuloma annulare from the literature, the authors divided the eruptions into two types according to their clinical features, naming one type papular perforating type (P‐type) and the other ulcerative perforating type (U‐type). U‐type is strongly correlated with diabetes; patients with this type require detailed laboratory examination for the presence of diabetes mellitus.
Increased Cutaneous Fibrinolytic Activity in Aquagenic Pruritus
Authors: Lotti T. , Steinman H. K. , Greaves M. W. , Fabbri P. , Brunetti L. , Panconesi E.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Aquagenic pruritus is a disease in which itchy prickling skin discomfort is evoked by contact with water at any temperature without observable cutaneous lesions. Little is known about its etiology and pathogenesis. Previous reports show that increased levels of blood histamine and cutaneous mast cell degranulation are present before water exposure and that they increase stilt further with water challenge. This paper shows that fibrinolytic activity is markedly increased both before and after water exposure, while circulating fibrinolytic activity is normal before water exposure in three cases of aquagenic pruritus. A patient who was asymptomatic at the time of the study had no observed increase in fibrinolytic activity either before or after water challenge, suggesting that the remission of symptoms of aquagenic pruritus and normalization of cutaneous fibrinolytic activity are interdependent factors.
Peroral Challenge Tests with Food Additives in Urticaria and Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Hannuksela Matti , Lahti Arto
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Double‐blind, placebo controlled challenge tests with benzoic acid butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, beta‐carotene, beta‐8‐apo‐carotenal, and sodium metabisulfite were made in 44 cases of chronic urticaria, 91 cases of atopic dermatitis, and 123 cases of contact dermatitis, as a comparison group. Positive reactions were seen in four patients, two of whom had urticaria, one atopic dermatitis, and one contact dermatitis. Two of these reactions were caused by the placebo, one in a patient with urticaria and the other in a contact dermatitis patient. For one patient who reacted to the placebo and one who reacted to benzoic acid, the challenges were repeated with positive results in both instances. In nine patients, equivocal test results were produced with all the active substances and the placebo, but in all nine cases, retesting 4 days later produced negative results. This suggests that common food additives are seldom if ever of significance as precipitating factors in chronic urticaria or atopic dermatitis.
Psoriasis Vulgaris in the Guinea Savanah Region of Nigeria
Authors: Obasi Obasi Erem
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Psoriasis vulgaris is an uncommon skin disease among Nigerians. There were only 44 cases out of a total of about 5, 250 skin patients (0.8%) seen during the 7‐year period from 1977 to 934 at the consultant skin clinic, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. Males were predominant. The age range was months to 65 years, with a mean age of 29.8 years. The peak incidence was In the 21–30‐year age group‐Clinical features were the same as in turopeans. hut morbidity was very low. Arthropathy and nail involvement were rare, comprising only 4.5 and 15.9% of cases, respectively.
Preliminary Study of a Mycobacterium Leprae Bacterin Vaccine in a Human Volunteer Population in a Nonendemic Area*
Authors: Millikan Larry E. , Krotoski Wojciech A. , Mroczkowski Tomasz F. , Douglas James T. , Courrege Mary L.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Seventeen volunteers who had never resided in. areas with significant transmission of leprosy (Hansen's disease) were inoculated intradermally with 1.5 × 108 killed, purified armadillo‐derived Mycobacterium leprae in a standardized preparation being tested for possible vaccine use. The peak of local skin responses, consisting of induration with or without ulceration similar to the post‐lepromin Mitsuda reaction, occurred between the 21st and 28th days after injection. The maximum mean induration diameter was 17.2 mm, the minimum, 6.1 mm. Sera tested with the ELISA technique revealed no humoral response to either the sonicated bacilli, M. leprae‐specific phenolic glycolipid I antigen, or three semi‐synthetic analogues reactive with lepramatous patients’ sera. The dose of M. leprae inoculated appeared to be safe and without unacceptable reactions at the injection site. One volunteer developed a generalized skin rash parallel to the local reaction, but the relationship of the former to the inoculation was unclear.
Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Rajka Georg
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Answers to a questionnaire on atopic dermatitis sent to clinicians in different countries—excluding Europe and North America—were evaluated. The questions included frequency as well as the possible role of special influencing/ aggravating factors in atopic dermatitis patients. According to the data from 19 different countries, climatologic/ geographic conditions, profession, and psychic stress have a decisive role, whereas food items have a smaller role in the course of atopic dermatitis.
Malathion Lotion as an Insecticide and Ovicide in Head Louse Infestation
Authors: Urcuyo Francisco Gomez , Zaias Nardo
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A lotion containing 0.5% malathion was compared with its vehicle (control) in a double‐blind, parallel‐group study of 119 patients with head louse infestations confirmed by live ova in the hair. The lotions remained in place for 8 hours. The test preparation was superior to the control lotion by a highly significant margin (p < 0.001) as determined by the numbers of patients with live lice at 24 hours and 7 days after removal of the respective materials. It also proved superior to the vehicle (p < 0.001) as an ovicidal agent, judged by comparative differences in hatching rates between nits collected and incubated before treatment and those obtained and incubated after treatment. No adverse reaction occurred.
Pilus Cuniculatus–induced Cellulitis of the Foot due to Puncture with Bristle Hair
Authors: Ronnen Meir , Schewach‐Millet Miriam , Movshowitz Moshe , Kahana Michael
Published: May 2007

A 17‐year‐old man was admitted to the hospital for an abscess with sinus formation of the right large toe. The lesion had started 6 months earlier with a focal area of swelling and induration, which was tender to the touch. The lesion had slowly progressed, forming an abscess that continuously drained to the surface. The patient initially received topical treatment with antibiotic creams and wet dressings without showing any improvement of his condition. Additionally, the increasing pain made the wearing of shoes intolerable and the patient was ordered bed rest. Systemic treatment with antibiotics was administered for a week (oral ampicillin, 500 mg QID) without any appreciable results. During his admission, the patient showed the clinical features of cellulitis. The area had a markedly red, hot, infiltrate, edematous appearance. The borders of the lesion were not sharply defined. Regional lymphadenopathy with lymphangitis was present and was treated with 1.5‐g erythromycin tablets TID and local saline dressings. After 6 days of treatment, his condition ameliorated and, when the swollen area returned to normal, the tip of a small black hair was observed protruding from the center of the abscess. The hair was removed with small forceps and examination showed this hair to be identical to those of the patient's shoe brush. At the same site (Fig. 1), a linear granulomatous response due to the chronic inflammatory process was seen. The size of the lesion and the hair are equal (Fig. 2). On both sides are two signs of injuries representing the terminus of the hair. Following removal of the hair and consecutive treatment with erythromycin tablets (1 g TID), the lesion healed completely, leaving only a small area of residual scarring.
Dapsone in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Dogra Jaideep , Lal Bhupender Behari , Misra Smyam Nath
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Fifty patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were treated with dapsone (DDS) approximately 2 mg per kilogram body weight per day for 21 days, forty patients (80%) were declared cured on the basis of clinical and pathologic criteria. Follow‐Up examination after 6 months revealed no recurrences. No major side effects were noted. In the control group of 15 patients not receiving the drug, no significant change was seen in the lesions. Dapsone thus was used successfully for the first time.
Human Notoedric Scabies From Contact With Cats Infested With Notoedres cati
Authors: Chakrabarti Amalendu
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Forty‐eight human contacts with cats infested with Notoedres cati were investigated; 30 (62.5%) of the contacts showed symptoms of notoedric scabies, and N. cati mites were recovered from 15 (50%) skin specimens. Intense pruritus without any mite burrows developed within a few hours of initial contact with the infested cats. People within the age group of 26–35 years were frequently infested. Hands and legs were the most common sites of lesions. Prolonged association with the infested cats was responsible for this cutaneous disease. The lesions in infested people subsided when the cats were segregated from humans.
Treatment of Rosacea with Isotretinoin
Authors: Hoting E. , Paul E. , Plewig G.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A multicenter trial of isotretinoin in severe papulopustular rosacea in adult patients was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this treatment. A 20‐week course of therapy was instituted in 92 patients from 11 dermatology departments. At the end of the study period, isotretinoin was found to be highly effective in the clearing of refractory rosacea lesions.
Papular Tuberculids Post‐BCG Vaccination
Authors: Figueiredo Américo , Poiares‐Baptista A. , Branco Mário , da Mota H. Cscarmona
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A 3‐month‐old child with a grossly symmetrical monomorphic papular acral‐located skin eruption, a voluminous lymphadenopathy post‐BCC vaccination, and hepatomegaly was seen. The diagnoses of Gianotti‐Crosti's syndrome and generalized tuberculous infection have been discarded. The appearance of these lesions 48 hours after a tuberculin patch test, their tuberculoid structure, and the absence of any systemic involvement favored the diagnosis of papular tuberculids, a rarely reported complication of BCC vaccination.
Dissemination in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis I. Subcutaneous Nodules
Authors: Kubba Raj , El‐Hassan A. M. , Path F.R.C. , Al‐Gindan Yussuf , Omer A. H. S. , Kutty M. K. , Path F.R.C. , Saeed Mahmoud B. M.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: In a study of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania major in Saudi Arabia, 10% of the patients were found to have subcutaneous nodules (5CN). The SCNs were usually inconspicuous, painless, and proximal to the primary skin lesions; when multiple, they showed a “sporotrichoid” configuration or appeared as “beaded cords.” Their number ranged from 1–16 (average 3.25 ± 2.50; mean ± 1 SD). In some patients, the SCNs seemed to be triggered by antileishmanial treatment. The clinical picture and pathologic findings suggest, that SCNs in patients with CL represent lymphatic dissemination, a phenomenon not widely recognized.
Clinical Manifestations of Secondary Syphilis
Authors: Hira Subhash K. , Patel Jagdish S. , Bhat Sheilla G. , Chilikima Kayombo , Mooney Nitin
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The results of a prospective study, a/med at having a fresh look at the clinical features of secondary syphilis in 89 patients, are presented. Eighty‐one (91.0%) had syphilides, and of these, 24 (29.6%) had atypical morphology. Two or more groups of lymph nodes were enlarged in 60, and hepato‐splenomegaly was seen in 20 (22.5%) patients. Condylomata lata in atypical sites occurred in six patients. A total of W patients had alopecia on the scalp, and anterior uveitis was seen in 7 (7.9%). The clear CSF showed minimal elevation of lymphocytes in one of the 21 patients on whom lumbar puncture was performed and may, therefore, be considered unnecessary as a routine procedure. An awareness of the varied clinical presentations would assist in early diagnosis of the disease and help reduce its complications.
Changes in Lymphocyte and Langerhans Cell Populations in Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Marks James G. , Zaino Richard J. , Bressler Mark F. , Williams Judith V.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: We observed in situ changes in lymphocyte sub‐populations and Langerhans cells during allergic and irritant contact dermatitis using immunohistochemical staining methods with monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens. In both types of contact dermatitis, there was a perivascular infiltrate of T lymphocytes, with helper/inducer T cells predominating. B cells were absent, and natural killer cells were absent or sparse. During the course of allergic contact dermatitis, Langerhans cells showed a striking sequential change in location, with the cells first in the epidermis, then perivascularly in the dermis (days 1–14), and returning to the epidermis (days 14–21). In irritant contact dermatitis, the Langerhans cells were initially identified in the epidermis and then appeared diffusely in the dermis (days 1–2). The numbers in the dermis then decreased abruptly (day 4). They were again identified in normal numbers in the epidermis (day 21). The response of Langerhans cells appears to be different between allergic and irritant contact dermatitis.
Disseminated Spiked Hyperkeratosis
Authors: Nedwich Judith A. , Sullivan John J.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Multiple small hyperkeratoses were observed in a 42–year‐old woman. They had first appeared in early adult life. There was 3 history of an apparently identical disorder affecting her father, her brother, and her brother's son. A similar condition has been described in four previous reports in which seven individual cases have been documented, four had a positive family history, bringing the total number of previously known cases to 14. The disorder is characterized by the development in early adult life of widely disseminated small spikes of keratin that are unrelated to hair follicles. Microscopic examination shows digitate orthokeratosis with moderate epidermal cell hyperplasia and a normal underlying dermis.
Acne Keloidalis Nuchae
Authors: Goette Detlef K. , Berger Timothy G.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: In four cases of acne keloidalis nuchae, varying stages of transepithelial elimination were observed histologically, suggesting that acne keloidalis represents a transepithelial elimination disorder akin to perforating folliculitis.
Neutrophil Leukocyte Morphology, Cigarette Smoking, and Palmoplantar Pustulosis
Authors: Cox Neil H. , Ray Simon
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Neutrophil leukocyte morphology was examined in whole blood films from 20 patients with palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) and 32 healthy controls. In the PPP patients, there was a significant increase in the number of neutrophils having polarized morphology or membrane ruffling; however, there was no significant difference in neutrophil morphology between cigarette smokers and nonsmokers, suggesting that the epidemiologic link between smoking and PPP is not explained by increased polarization of peripheral blood neutrophils.
Human Tattoo
Authors: Lea P. J. , Pawlowski A.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Ultrathin serial sections of human biopsy specimens, taken at 24 hours, I month, and 1, 3, and 40 years post‐tattooing were examined under the electron microscope. The ink particles found in cells were measured and compared with control ink particles embedded in agar. Freshly tattooed skin showed an inflammatory reaction followed by ultrastructural necrosis. The time of healing, about I month from introduction of ink to complete healing, hits been divided into three phases: inflammatory reaction and necrosis, format/on of basement membrane, and normal epidermis and dermis. Once the skin showed normal ultrastructure, ink particles were found only in dermal fibroblasts.
Skin Granulomas due to Mycobacterium gordonae
Authors: Gengoux P. , Portaels F. , Lachapeile J. M. , Minnikin D. E. , Tennstedt D. , Tamigneau P.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A 38‐year‐old woman presented with small, ulcerated, red or hluish nodules on the right hand, clinically resembling mycobacterial granulomas; these appeared a few months after a bite by a rat, while the patient was collecting frogs in a pond in the Belgian Ardennes. The histopaihologic picture was compatible with a diagnosis of mycohacterial infection and rare acid‐fast bacilli could be found. Repeated bacteriologic investigations were performed and these led to the identification of a strain displaying characteristics of My‐cobacterium gordonae. The skin condition responded well to rifampicin (300 mg/day) within 6 months.
Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn With Emphasis on Ultrastructural Studies
Authors: Balázs Martha
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The morphologic examination of neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis is reported. Subcutaneous nodules after prolonged labor and asphyxia appeared in the skin of the back and neck. Biopsy was performed at 16 days. The infants' general state did not change and the nodules spontaneously regressed. Light microscopically focal necroses of the subcutaneous adipose tissue were present, with granulation tissue. Electron microscopy revealed complex material replacing the necrotic fat cells. Two types of crystals could be observed: short, rectangular ones irregularly arranged and long, needle‐shaped ones, parallel or radial in arrangement. The dissolved lipid crystals were surrounded by membranes that probably arose from the necrotic fat cells. The crystals passed the cytoplasm membrane of the macrophages. Giant cells arose from macrophages, partly by fusion of the cells and partly by amitosis.
The Management of Pyodermas
Authors: Olumide Yetunde Mercy , Oresanya Debo Felix , Saliu Ashiru Aremu
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: With the rising cost of medical services, it was decided to reassess the relevance of routine bacteriology investigations to the management of the individual patient with pyoderma. In both prospective and retrospective studies, it was found that laboratory reports were simply confirmatory and did not contribute to the management of the individual patient. A call is made for physicians to continuously look for cheaper ways of managing patients without necessarily causing any disservice to the patient.
Is Pemphigus Herpetiformis an Entity?
Authors: Maciejowska Ewa , Jablonska Stefania , Chorzelski Tadeusz
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Clinical, histologic, and immunofluorescence studies were performed in 15 patients with pemphigus herpetiformis. The initial diagnosis was dermatitis herpetiformis, IgA linear bullous dermatosis or bullous pemphigoid. The histology varied depending on the character of skin lesions, and showed eosinophilic spongiosis or slight acantholysis and/or polymorphonuclear papillary microabscesses. Direct immunofluorescence showed invariably intercellular lgG staining, and indirect immunofluorescence on monkey esophagus substrate was positive, at some periods, in five cases. About half of the patients responded to therapy with Sulfones and prednisone, and only one patient responded to sulfones alone. Half of the patients required combined therapy with prednisone and cyclophosphamide or with higher doses of prednisone. in consecutive relapses, nine patients retained the pattern of pemphigus herpetiformis: in the others, lesions were mostly of pemphigus seborrheicus‐folia‐ceus type.
Sarcoidosis Versus Foreign‐Body Granulomas
Authors: Schewach‐Millet Miriam , Ziv Rony , Trau Henri , Zwas S. Tsila , Ronnen Meik , Rubinstein Israel
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A 42‐year‐old man developed a papulonodular exanthema 10 years following an injury from a shell explosion. The differential diagnosis between sarcoid‐like, foreign‐body granulomas and lioeck's sarcoid was inconclusive by histology, but x‐ray spectroanslytic examination revealed silicon particles within the epitheloid cell granulomas.
Scabies Epidemiology, Kauai, Hawaii, 1981–1985
Authors: Funaki Brian , Elpern David J.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The demography of scabies was studied in the sole dermatology practice on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, over a 50‐monlh period. Scabies was observed far more frequently in whites and Hawaiians than in Japanese and Filipinos. Within the while ethnic group, scabies was most frequently diagnosed in persons between 15 and 44 years old, while in Hawaiians, the disease was most common in the 0–14‐year age group. It is possible that learned or acquired behavior patterns may play a significant role in contracting the disease.
Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Kang Kefei , Tian Runmei
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Three hundred seventy‐two Chinese patients with atopic dermatitis were compared with a Caucasian population for the basic features. Significant findings occurred: personal or family history of atopy, early age of onset, xerosis, ichthyosis, palmar hyperlinearity, and facial pallor. Laboratory findings of immunologic alteration and altered pharmacologic reactivity are relatively more important feature for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis.
Kynurenic Acid and Xanthurenic Acid Excretion After Tryptophan Loading in Actinic Reticuloid
Authors: Vonderheid Eric C. , Sobel Eugene L. , Hoeldtke Robert D. , Faerber Gary J. , Sardi Vincent S.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The metabolism of L‐tryptophan (TRP) before and after an oral loading dose of 20 mg/Kg body weight was studied in three patients with actinic reticuloid (AR) and four healthy male volunteers. The preload mean plasma TRP concentrations and mean 24‐hour urinary excretions of TRP in the AR group were significantly lower than in the control group. After oral TRP administration, plasma TRP concentrations increased normally in AR, thereby excluding defective intestinal absorption. The mean preload and postload excretions of kynurenic acid (KA), xanthurenic acid (XA), 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), and 3‐indoleacetic acid (3IAA) were not significantly different between the two groups. We conclude that KA, which has been shown to have phototoxic properties in vitro, is not altered primarily in AR, and that the reported abnormalities of TRP metabolism are most tikely the consequence of the severe photosensitivity in this disorder.
The German Double‐Blind Placebo‐Controlled Evaluation of Topical Minoxidil Solution in the Treatment of Early Male Pattern Baldness
Authors: Petzoldt D. ,   the German Topical Minoxidil Study Group
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A double‐blind, 24‐week, placebo‐controlled study was conducted in Germany to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topically applied 2% minoxidil solution in the treatment of male pattern baldness. One hundred sixty‐three patients were evaluable, and applied 1 ml of either the placebo or 2% minoxidil solution twice daily throughout the study. The 2% minoxidil solution was significantly superior to placebo in all primary efficacy parameters (nonvellus hair count, and investigator and patient subjective evaluations of hair regrowth). One patient in each group discontinued treatment after developing scalp dermatitis: both cases were considered to be related to the treatment. No significant changes were observed in vital signs or laboratory parameters. Topical minoxidil 2%solution is safe, and is a more effective treatment than placebo for early male pattern baldness.
Treatment of Male Pattern Alopecia Using Topical Minoxidil in The Netherlands
Authors: Dutrée‐Meulenberg R. O. G. M. , Nieboer C. , Koedijk F. H. J. , Stolz E.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The efficacy and safety of topically applied 2% minoxidil solution were compared with those of an excipient placebo in the treatment of early male pattern alopecia in this 24‐week, double‐blind, randomized study conducted in The Netherlands. One hundred forty‐four male patients were evaluable at week 24. They applied 1 ml of either the placebo or 2% minoxidil solution twice daily throughout the study. The 2% minoxidil solution was about three times more effective than the placebo solution in all primary efficacy parameters evaluated, (ie, hair count and investigator and patient subjective evaluation). Minoxidil did not appear to have an effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pulse rate, or body weight. One placebo patient withdrew from the study when he developed a skin rash at week 8. This study supports previous findings on the safe and effective use of minoxidil solution in the treatment of early male pattern alopecia.
Psychological Characteristics of Men With Alopecia Androgenetica and Effects of Treatment With Topical Minoxidil An Exploratory Study
Authors: Passchier J. , van der Donk J. , Dutrée‐Meulenberg R. O. G. M. , Stolz E. , Verhage F.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Psychological characteristics were studied in 85 healthy men with early‐stage alopecia androgenetica who participated in a double‐blind clinical trial on the effect of minoxidil. No evidence of psychosocial malfunctioning was found in the group suffering from hair loss as indicated by personality traits, general psychological adjustment and social functioning. These subjects were less rigid and more self‐confident than comparable norm groups. However, specific problems attributed to hair loss were present in more than 30%. More psychological improvement, with regard to hair problems, social discomfort, and self‐esteem occurred in the minoxidil group than in the placebo group. The findings are exploratory, because the pretest data were obtained in retrospect.
Topical Minoxidil in Androgenetic Alopecia Scandinavian and Middle East Experience
Authors: Anderson C. D. ,   the Scandinavian and Middle‐Eastern Topical Minoxidil Study Group
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A 24‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted in Denmark, Egypt, Jordan, Norway, and Sweden to compare the efficacy and safety of topically applied 2% minoxidil solution with those of placebo in the treatment of early male pattern baldness. One hundred fifty‐one men were evaluable at week 24. They applied 1 ml of either the placebo or 2% minoxidil solution twice daily for the duration of the study. The 2% minoxidil group demonstrated superiority to placebo in all primary efficacy parameters evaluated, ie, nonvellus hair counts at week 24, change in non‐vellus hair counts from baseline to week 24, and patient and investigator assessment of hair regrowth at week 24. In addition, 2% minoxidil was found to be superior to placebo in decreasing the diameter of the bald scalp from baseline to week 24. No differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pulse rate, or body weight were considered to be related to the minoxidil. One patient discontinued the study when he developed folliculitis after 2 weeks of minoxidil administration. Two percent minoxidil solution is a safe and effective treatment for early male pattern baldness.
The Belgian Ten‐Center Open Label Trial of Topical 2% Minoxidil Solution in Early Male Pattern Alopecia
Authors: Roseeuw D. I. ,   the Belgian Topical Minoxidil Study Group
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: In this 24‐week, open‐label study, the safety and efficacy of topically applied 2% minoxidil solution were evaluated in the treatment of early male pattern alopecia. One hundred forty‐nine male patients applied 1 ml of the test solution twice daily throughout the study. From baseline to week 24, statistically significant increases in all hair counts were observed. Nearly half (47%) of the patients achieving new hair growth believed that they had achieved cosmetically acceptable moderate to dense hair growth. Investigators believed that 44% of the patients achieving new hair growth had a similar response. Little change was observed in vital signs, and no abnormal findings were observed in electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, or chest roentgenograms. Two patients dropped out during the final week of the study due to dermatologic events. This study supports previous findings on the safe and effective use of minoxidil solution in the treatment of early male pattern alopecia.
Pilomatricoma (Malherbe)
Authors: Taaffe A. , Wyatt E. H. , Bury H. P. R.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT Seventy‐eight cases of pilomatricoma are reported. The unexpected findings are new lesions occurring in middle and old age; the lack of association with other diseases; and the large number of lesions located deep in the skin. As contemporary knowledge of the nature of this disorder is advancing, it is suggested that the eponymous title be abandoned.
Chronic Benign Familial Pemphigus
Authors: Galimberti Ricardo Luis , Kowalczuk Alicia Maria , Bianchi Oscar , Boning Maria Victoria , Garcia Adelina Garcia
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT Ten patients with benign familial chronic pemphigus (BFCP) (Hailey‐Hailey disease) were evaluated; semio‐logic and localization differences were described, and special attention was given to solitary or atypical forms. In all the cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology; some histopathologic differences and the results achieved by direct irnmunofluorescence of skin are discussed. Most of the patients responded to the treatment with corticosteroids and antibiotics.
Disseminated Fusarium solani Infection With Cutaneous Nodules in a Bone Marrow Transplant Patient
Authors: Mowbray Davidd N. , Paller Amy S. , Nelson Paul E. , Kaplan Raymond L.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Fusarium is a ubiquitous fungus that commonly colonizes ulcerated, burned, or traumatized skin and may cause keratitis and onychomycosis in healthy hosts. Serious disseminated infection due to Fusarium has been reported with increasing frequency in immunocompromised patients. We describe a bone marrow transplant patient who developed fungal septicemia and disseminated skin nodules due to Fusarium solani. Fusarium should be recognized as a potential cause of deep fungal infection in immunocompromised patients.
Dissemination in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Kubba Raj , Al‐Gindan Yussuf , El‐Hassan A. M. , Omer A. H. S. , Kutty M. K. , Saeed MahmoudB. M.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: In a field study of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania major, zymodeme Lon‐4, in an endemic focus in Saudi Arabia, 80 patients in a group of 643 patients (12.44%) were found to have multiple, inflammatory, satellite papules (SP) around one or more CL lesions. The SP often appeared to erupt after commencement of antileishmanial treatment. They showed a range of morphology and pathology, and comparisons with corresponding CL lesions showed important differences. Amastigotes were seen in only one of seven biopsy specimens. Another morphologic feature, subcutaneous induration (SCI), was noted on routine palpation in 20 patients in the same patient group (3.11%). The SCI either was radiating all around the lesion and appeared as an “iceberg nodule” or was present as a “tonguelike” process proximal to the CL lesion. Amastigotes were seen in four of nine biopsy specimens of SCI. SP and SCI represent reactions to local dissemination of the parasite or its antigenic products, and as morphologic features aid in the clinical diagnosis of CL.
Treatment of Impetigo and Ecthyma
Authors: Molting Siegfried , Strauss Wolfgang B.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: In a randomized, double‐blind, parallel comparative study of 80 patients, impetigo and ecthyma were treated effectively by sulconazole nitrate 1% cream and miconazole nitrate 2% cream applied to lesions twice daily for 14 days. When treatment began, bacterial cultures from all pyodermal lesions yielded Croup A β‐hemolytic streptococci or pathogenic staphylocoed. Among the 32 sulconazole‐treated impetigo patients, bacterial cultures from 26 (69%) were negative by treatment day 4, and those from all 32 (700%) were negative by treatment day 7; among the 34 miconazole‐treated impetigo patients, cultures from 17 (50%) were negative by treatment day 4, cultures from 32 (94.1%) were negative by treatment day 7, and cultures from 29 (97%) were negative by treatment day 14. Each treatment promptly relieved the pyodermal signs (crusts, vesicles, pustules, bullae, and exudate). Both agents were considered to be safe and effective medications for treating impetigo and ecthyma.
Leprosy in Young Urban Children
Authors: Sehgal Virendra N. , Sehcal Sumil
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Prevalence among leprosy patients of children in the age group of 0–14 years was 3.8%, with 9 male preponderance. The children were largely immigrants from the endemic neighboring states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. A borderline group formed the bulk of the patients. The disease had its onset between ages 5 and 9 in more than half the patients. There was a striking contrast between the age at onset and that of reporting. Usually, the lesions were multiple. Single lesions were, however, present on the exposed parts. Skin‐slit‐smears were positive in borderline borderline (BB), borderline lepromatous (BL), and lepromatous lepromatous (LL) only. A good clinicopathologic correlation was apparent in most patients.