bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Calisthenics: Pre-lecture Cognitive Exercise Boosts Learning
Authors: White Holly A. , Highfill Lauren , Johnston Lily C. , Kalimi Aravinda
Published: April 2022

Background

Attentiveness during class is critical for learning. Teachers have strategies to promote active engagement and active learning, yet little control over students’ baseline level of alertness and focus upon arriving to class.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of pre-lecture cognitive exercise on attention and learning in lectures.

Method

In Experiment 1, college students ( n = 28) in Introductory Psychology participated in a brief battery of complex cancellation tasks prior to a subset of lectures. Effectiveness measures included course exams and post-study student surveys. Experiment 2 replicated the first in a subsequent class ( n = 35) with the same instructor and the addition of post-lecture quizzes.

Results

In both experiments, students performed higher on exam content from post-exercise lectures relative to control lectures. No effect was observed on post-lecture quizzes. On post-study surveys, students reported improved attentiveness to lecture after cognitive calisthenics.

Conclusion

Pre-lecture cognitive activity appears to benefit student attention and learning in lectures.

Teaching Implications

With so many students arriving to class either distracted or sleepy, the inclusion of a brief pre-lecture cognitive exercise program may be an engaging and effective method for optimizing student attentiveness and learning in lecture-based courses.
Markers of At-Risk Literacy Development in Gifted Students
Authors: Speirs Neumeister Kristie , Hernández Finch Maria E. , Finch W. Holmes , Spoon Robyn , Burney Virginia , Smith Veronica
Published: April 2022

This study explored the role that select components of executive functioning play in predicting reading outcomes in gifted students both directly and indirectly through a broader set of preliteracy skills. A comparison of mediation models indicated the relationships between working memory and inhibition to reading outcomes were fully, rather than partially, mediated by the preliteracy skills. The relationship between inhibition and reading outcomes was mediated through symbol imagery. Symbol imagery served as a mediator to all reading outcomes in this study (Letter Word, Oral Reading Fluency [ORF], and Northwest Evaluation Association Reading Fluency). A measurement of Working Memory in kindergarten was related to ORF in the second grade through speeded naming as a mediator. Neither early phonological processing nor early processing speed were related to the reading outcomes. Implications regarding the use of screening measures for identifying reading difficulties in primary age gifted students are discussed.
Emotion suppression on relationship and life satisfaction: Taking culture and emotional valence into account
Authors: Han Da Eun , Park Haeyoung Gideon , An Un Ji , Kim So Eun , Kim Young-Hoon
Published: April 2022

Despite a general consensus on the negative consequences of emotion suppression in Western cultures, cross-cultural explorations to date have yielded many inconsistencies on whether such phenomena can be generalized to Eastern cultures. A set of two studies were conducted to examine the role of emotional valence in resolving such inconsistencies on both relationship satisfaction and subjective well-being. In accordance with our hypotheses, our results consistently revealed that the habitual suppression of emotions was associated with lower relationship satisfaction and subjective well-being, regardless of valence, for American participants. However, the effects of emotion suppression significantly varied by valence for Korean participants, such that suppressing negative emotions was less detrimental than suppressing positive emotions. Overall, the present study highlights the importance of considering the nature of different emotions and cultural contexts when examining the adaptiveness of emotion regulation strategies on individuals’ interpersonal and intrapersonal well-being.
A systematic analysis of ultrastructural lesions in the Plasmodium coatneyi splenectomized rhesus macaque model of severe malaria
Authors: Lombardini Eric D. , Turner Gareth D. H. , Brown Arthur E. , Inamnuay Laksanee , Kaewamatawong Theerayuth , Sunyakumthorn Piyanate , Ferguson David J. P.
Published: April 2022

Plasmodium falciparum remains one of the world’s deadliest diseases and with ongoing concerns of evolving drug resistance, there is a need for continued refinement of the Plasmodium coatneyi infection model in macaques to study severe malaria. As such, the systemic ultrastructural lesions associated with P. coatneyi infection in splenectomized rhesus macaques was evaluated in 6 animals. Autopsy samples from multiple areas of the central nervous system (CNS), kidneys, heart, liver, and lungs of all 6 animals were processed for electron microscopy. A systematic analysis of the ultrastructural changes associated with the plasmodium was undertaken by multiple pathologists to ensure consensus. All tissues exhibited marked sequestration of infected red blood cells comprised either of cytoadherence to endothelium or rosette formation, associated with variable degrees of host cell damage in a range of tissues that in severe cases resulted in necrosis. This is the first complete systemic evaluation of ultrastructural tissue lesions in P. coatneyi–infected rhesus macaques, and the findings have important implications evaluating of the use of this model for the study of severe malaria caused by P. falciparum in humans.
Histochemical staining techniques in Culex pipiens and Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera) with a comparison to mammals
Authors: Gregor Katharina M. , Becker Stefanie C. , Hellhammer Fanny , Schön Kathleen , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Puff Christina
Published: April 2022

Insects play an important role in ecosystems. Changes in their abundance and biodiversity are of paramount interest, as there has not only been an alarming decline of insects important for ecosystem health throughout the past decades, but also an increase in insects detrimental for biomes. Furthermore, insects pose a threat to modern society as arbovirus-transmitting vectors. Therefore, detailed knowledge of insect staining characteristics could be beneficial as a basis for further studies, whether in the context of species conservation or control of insect pests. Thus, this study compared 14 histochemical stains for their usefulness in insects regarding nervous tissue, connective tissue components, mucins and polysaccharides, mineralization, and microorganisms. The study used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of mammals ( Equus caballus) and 2 dipterans ( Culex pipiens biotype molestus, Drosophila melanogaster). Several histochemical stains were suitable for tissue assessment in insects and mammals, in particular for nervous tissue (Bielschowsky silver stain, luxol fast blue–cresyl violet) and polysaccharides (alcian blue, periodic acid–Schiff with and without diastase treatment, toluidine blue). Other stains proved useful for visualization of insect-specific organ characteristics such as Gomori’s reticulin stain for tracheoles in both dipteran species, Heidenhain’s azan for midgut-associated connective tissue, and von Kossa for mineral deposition in Malpighian tubules of C. pipiens biotype molestus. In summary, this study provides comparable insights into histochemical procedures in mammals and insects and their usefulness for histological assessment of C. pipiens biotype molestus and D. melanogaster.
Effects of Autonomous Driving Behavior on Intersection Performance and Safety in the Presence of White Phase for Mixed-Autonomy Traffic Stream
Authors: Niroumand Ramin , Hajibabai Leila , Hajbabaie Ali , Tajalli Mehrdad
Published: April 2022

This paper studies the effects of different autonomous driving behaviors on an isolated intersection’s safety and mobility performance measures in a mixed-autonomy environment. The movement of vehicles through the intersection is controlled by green, red, and “white” signal indications. Traffic operations during green and red signals are identical to a typical intersection. However, in the presence of the white phase, connected human-driven vehicles (CHVs) should follow connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to pass the intersection safely. Three levels of driving aggressiveness for CAVs are considered: (1) cautious behavior, (2) normal behavior, and (3) aggressive behavior. The mobility and safety impacts of these CAV behaviors are studied based on different CAV market penetration rates and demand levels. The results indicate that a more aggressive CAV driving behavior leads to a lower average delay while increasing the average number of stops for CAVs. Additionally, a more aggressive CAV driving behavior leads to more frequent activation of the white phase that contributes to significant reduction in the speed variance. Moreover, the total number of rear-end near-collision observations with a time to collision of less than 10 s decreases as the CAV penetration rate and aggressiveness level increase. The main reason for this observation is that aggressive CAVs have higher acceleration and lower deceleration values and, therefore, have more flexibility to avoid a crash.
BRCA1 expression associated with the prognostic value of platinum-based chemotherapy for stage II–IV non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Zhenhua , Xiong Gang
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To explore the relationship between breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) expression and the prognostic value of platinum-based chemotherapy for stage II–IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to August 2021, for retrieving literature related to BRCA1 expression and prognostic value of platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. Stata 15.0 was employed for statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 15 articles were included. Compared with the low BRCA1 expression, its high expression negatively affected the overall survival of NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–2.31, P < 0.05). No significant difference was identified in the effect of both low and high BRCA1 expression on event-free survival (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 0.98–3.05, P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that significant differences existed in overall survival and event-free survival in Caucasian population; that is, compared with low BRCA1 expression, its high expression negatively affected the overall survival (HR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.15–2.79, P < 0.05) and event-free survival (HR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.43–3.97, P < 0.05). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in overall survival and event-free survival in China.

Conclusion

BRCA1 expression is correlated with the prognostic value of platinum-based chemotherapy for stage II–IV NSCLC patients. In Caucasian population, compared with low BRCA1 expression, its high expression has a negative effect on the overall survival and event-free survival in stage II–IV NSCLC patients after platinum-based chemotherapy; however, this correlation was not found in China.
Making sense of charges of scientism in psychology and beyond: Logical and epistemological implications
Authors: Held Barbara S.
Published: April 2022

Charges of scientism in mainstream psychology are on the rise among theoretical psychologists, yet not much attention has been paid to the diverse meanings and applications of the term “scientism.” In examining scientism’s relation to such contrast classes as pseudoscience, bad science, and antiscience, I focus on whether allegations of psychology’s scientism are made with the goal of supplementing mainstream ontological and epistemological frameworks and their methodological implications, or supplanting them altogether. The former suggests supplying a mainstream that is seen as thinly conceived with essential missing nutrients, whereas the latter suggests overturning a mainstream that is seen as irreparable and/or irredeemable in its disregard of lived experience. In light of the scientific reform sought by theoretical psychologists, many of whom now turn to the humanities for remedy, I question whether applying the term “scientism” to mainstream psychology is likely to help in achieving theorists’ disciplinary goals, and I suggest alternatives.
Drug Violence, War-Crime Distinction, and Hierarchies of Victimhood
Authors: Franko Katja , Goyes David Rodriguez
Published: April 2022

Issues related to victimhood are central to transitional justice and international criminal justice. However, processes of transitional justice do not usually include victims of drug-related violence, despite the fact that in several Latin American countries deaths caused by cartel violence easily meet criteria of civil war. This article's central argument is that distinctions between victims of war and victims of what is often termed conventional crime are of great importance to notions of legitimate victimhood in transitional contexts. Taking Colombia's Victims’ Law (2011) as a case study, we argue that the binary distinction between war and crime fails to address the needs of victims of mass drug violence and creates a hierarchy among victims. This has important symbolic, legal and material implications for those who find themselves in the less favoured category. Victims of drug related violence struggle to access justice and to make their voices heard in public discourses about violence. We argue that the current understanding of mass drug violence as ‘conventional crime’ represents a Northern perspective on violence, which can be counter-productive when used uncritically in Southern contexts.
Reconstruction of complex plantar forefoot defects using free tissue flaps combined with contralateral instep thick skin grafts
Authors: Zhou Jiandong , Zhang Xingfei , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Wencheng , Xu Yajun
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of using free tissue flap combined with contralateral instep thick plantar skin in reconstructing complex plantar forefoot defects.

Methods

During the past 8 years, 15 patients, aged 25–60 years, with defects in the soft-tissue and composite bone of the forefoot were treated. Their defects were caused by trauma. These defects were all located on the plantar forefoot. The free tissue flaps transposed to reconstruct defects were anterolateral thigh flaps, groin flaps, and latissimus dorsi flaps. Flap size varied in width 4-cm and length (6–16 cm). The mean size of flaps was 80.3 cm2. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 90 months (mean, 25.5 months).

Results

Partial flap loss was observed in one anterolateral thigh flap and one latissimus dorsi flap. One patient showed skin graft loss at the defect site, and the wound was re-epithelialized by changing dressings. Hyperkeratosis was not observed in any of the cases. All patients were able to walk near-normally within 2.5 months after surgery, and there was no recurrence of ulceration.

Conclusion

We advocate using a free tissue flap combined with contralateral instep thick plantar skin for reconstruction of moderate or large complex plantar forefoot defects.
YouTube as a Source of Patient Education for Transcranial Craniosynostosis Procedures
Authors: Stallwood-Hall Catrin , May Andrew , Moore Mark
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The internet has improved access to knowledge, with a reported 72% of internet users accessing health information online. YouTube is the most popular video-sharing website and is a frequently accessed source for health information. There are concerns, however, that patients and carers may be unable to identify and filter for trustworthy sources of information on these platforms. This study aimed to assess the quality of videos that are likely to be accessed when families search YouTube for transcranial procedures for the management of craniosynostosis.

Methodology

This was a cross-sectional, observational study that evaluated YouTube videos when searching for “fronto-orbital advancement” or “cranial vault remodeling.” The first 25 videos for each term were included. Videos were assessed for quality using the previously validated JAMA and DISCERN scoring tools.

Results

There was low interobserver variability for the scoring tools used. There was no statistically significant correlation between the video quality and any video characteristics assessed. Videos published by organizations had higher mean quality scores for both the JAMA and DISCERN tools when compared to surgeon, patient, or medical device company-produced videos.

Conclusion

This study showed that searching YouTube for fronto-orbital advancement and cranial vault remodeling yields videos of low quality and therefore patients and carers should be discouraged from “YouTube-ing” these procedures. Platforms such as YouTube may provide an opportunity for craniofacial units to create and disseminate high-quality educational videos to complement routine perioperative education.
Experimental investigation on the effect of open fire on the tensile properties and damage evolution behavior of granite
Authors: Yin Tubing , Yang Zheng , Wu You , Tan Xiaosong , Li Mingjian
Published: April 2022

The stability of rock mass after fire is a concern of many engineering projects. In this paper, the effects of open fire and different cooling methods on granites were investigated. The static Brazilian test, dynamic Brazilian test, and P-wave velocity test were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties and damage evolution behavior. A high-speed camera is employed to monitor the failure process of rock. The microstructures of the treated granites were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the fire duration and cooling treatment have a significant effect on the P-wave velocity, static nominal tensile strength, and dynamic nominal tensile strength of granite. These characteristics decrease rapidly during 0 to 10 min, and slowly decrease after 20 min. Compared to the air-cooling treatment, the water-cooling treatment has greater damage to the heated granite. To better understand the results, the rapid heating process of open fire heating was simulated using Abaqus software. The results reveal that there is a thinner compressive stress zone at the bottom of the specimen, and there is a large zone in the middle of the sample with higher tensile stress. The crack extension would be expanded due to high tensile stress, leading to the reduction of the tensile strength of the rock. This paper aims to better predict the degree of damage of rock materials after actual fire, as well as preliminarily explore the effect of the fire exposure duration and fire extinguishing method on the tensile properties of rock.
Primary Pulmonary Round Cell Sarcomas: Multiple Potential Pitfalls for the Pathologist
Authors: Richards Ryland , Jour George , Tafe Laura J. , Pinto Andre , Brčić Iva , Linos Konstantinos , Kerr Darcy A.
Published: April 2022

Primary sarcomas of the lung are extremely uncommon. A diverse group of round cell sarcomas has been reported to originate in this location, including Ewing sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma. The rarity of these tumors presents a potential pitfall; without careful study, they may easily be misidentified as the significantly more common poorly differentiated carcinoma. While histomorphology is a key aspect of correctly identifying a sarcoma, ancillary testing has become increasingly important in making a definitive diagnosis, as more and more recurrent genetic alterations are discovered and new entities are defined. We present three cases of primary round cell sarcomas of the lung that proved diagnostically challenging, describe the features and ancillary testing that led to the correct diagnoses, and discuss classic and evolving entities among sarcomas with round cell morphology.
Predictive Values of the Selected Inflammatory Indexes in Colon Cancer
Authors: Huang Li , Hu Zuojian , Luo Ruixian , Li Hailan , Yang Ziji , Qin Xue , Mo Zhuning
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Ample evidence has revealed that the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) are cancer-related inflammatory markers. The present study aimed to combine these indicators to better assess the progression of colon cancer.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 251 patients with colon cancer, 171 patients with benign colon diseases, and 187 healthy control subjects. The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to determine the diagnostic values of the selected inflammatory index.

Results

The levels of LMR, AGR, and MPV were decreased in the colon cancer group compared with the healthy control and benign colon disease groups. The LMR, AGR, and MPV were all correlated with tumor size. Moreover, LMR and AGR was associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, AGR was related to distant metastasis. Both the LMR ( P = .030) and AGR ( P = .005) were negatively correlated with the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The AUC value of MPV combined with CEA had a good diagnostic ability for distinguishing colon cancer cases (AUC = .950) and patients with benign colon diseases (AUC = .886) from controls. Meanwhile, the combination of LMR or AGR with CEA could enhance larger AUC (.746 for LMR + CEA, .737 for AGR + CEA) than CEA, LMR, or AGR alone in detecting colon cancer from benign colon diseases.

Conclusions

CEA combined with the LMR, AGR, or MPV may be used as better blood-based biomarkers in the progression of colon cancer patients.
Role of sacituzumab govitecan in solid tumors
Authors: Veeraballi Sindhusha , Khawar Zaineb , Aslam Hafiz Muhammad , Muzaffar Mahvish
Published: April 2022

Objective

To evaluate the antibody-drug conjugate- sacituzumab govitecan, its pharmacological properties, toxicity, data supporting efficacy against a wide variety of solid tumors beyond breast cancer, and potential future uses.

Data Sources

Articles in MEDLINE/PubMed databases and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry ( http://www . clinicaltrials.gov) between January 1, 2015, and July 1, 2021 using MeSH terms sacituzumab govitecan(- hziy) and solid tumors were reviewed.

Data Summary

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC's) are a subclass of emerging cancer therapeutics which combines chemotherapy with targeted antibodies. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a novel antibody drug conjugate that has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in adult patients for the treatment of unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) who have received two or more prior systemic therapies, at least one of them for metastatic disease. The approval of sacituzumab govitecan provides a new option for solid tumors that need to be further explored. In this review article, we discussed the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety profile of sacituzumab govitecan and various ongoing clinical trials on sacituzumab govitecan.

Conclusion

Sacituzumab is a significant advancement made in cancer therapy. SG has showed significantly improved Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in addition to prolonged progression free survival and Over all survival in addition to maintaining a good safety profile. Multiple clinical trials on SG are ongoing to evaluate the potential use of SG as neoadjuvant therapy in triple negative breast cancer, as an Adjuvant therapy, in combination with immunotherapy, and also for various solid tumors.
The Development, Content Validation, and Pilot Testing of the Paraphilic Interests and Disorders Scale
Authors: Winters Georgia M. , Jeglic Elizabeth L. , Kaylor Leah E.
Published: April 2022

The prevalence rates of paraphilic interests and disorders in the general population have been understudied, in large part due to the lack of a standardized assessment measure. As a result, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM)-5 provides little information regarding the prevalence of paraphilic disorders. The present study involved the development of a self-report measure, Paraphilic Interests and Disorders Scale ( PIDS), that can be used to assess for the eight paraphilic interests/disorders in the DSM-5 for use with general population samples. Study 1 established the content validity of the PIDS using feedback from 22 experts in the field, and recommendations from these experts were utilized to modify the measure. In Study 2, the PIDS was piloted on 100 individuals in the general population, which supported the feasibility of implementation and its limited-efficacy. While the PIDS requires further psychometric support, the current research suggests the PIDS is a promising tool to gather self-report, population-based data on DSM-5 paraphilic interests and disorders.
Verbal Memory Interference in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Orban Sarah A. , Festini Sara B. , Yuen Erica K. , Friedman Lauren M.
Published: April 2022

Objective:

Interference control is used to overcome conflict among competing memory representations and may contribute to memory difficulties in ADHD. This meta-analytic review examined memory interference to evaluate susceptibility to proactive, retroactive, and memory control interference among those with ADHD.

Method:

Twenty studies (1987–2019) examining verbal memory interference in ADHD met inclusion criteria (age: 8–36 years). Proactive and retroactive interference indices were extracted from list-learning tasks, and memory control indices were extracted from experimental paradigms (e.g., directed-forgetting).

Results:

Children with ADHD were less affected by proactive interference ( g=−0.53, 95% CI [−0.75, −0.31]), whereas no significant differences were found in adults ( g=0.13, 95% CI [−0.02, 0.28]). Adults and children with ADHD exhibited more retroactive interference ( g=0.17, 95% CI [0.05, 0.29]) and performed worse on memory control tasks ( g=0.35, 95% CI [0.08, 0.62]) relative to controls.

Conclusion:

Differences in verbal memory interference control in ADHD were observed but effects were different depending upon interference type and participant age.
Exploring elderly Māori experiences of aged residential care using a kaupapa Māori research paradigm: methodological considerations
Authors: Keelan Karen , Wilkinson Tim , Pitama Suzanne , Lacey Cameron
Published: April 2022

There are differences between research that is performed in an Indigenous setting using Western methodologies and research performed using Indigenous methodologies. Kaupapa Māori research provides opportunities for Māori, the Indigenous people of New Zealand, to participate in and influence research agendas and processes while providing a platform for Māori to contribute to empirical knowledge about Māori peoples. Using the central tenets of whakawhanaungatanga (Māori process of establishing relationships), this article discusses and explains why kaupapa Māori research is well suited to explore the experiences of older Māori in aged residential care in New Zealand. To do this, the theoretical and methodological framework of kaupapa Māori research is discussed.
Farmers’ Perceptions about Irrigation Roles in Climate Change Adaptation and Determinants of the Choices to WUE-Improving Practices in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Chinasho Alefu , Bedadi Bobe , Lemma Tesfaye , Tana Tamado , Hordofa Tilahun , Elias Bisrat
Published: April 2022

Irrigation enhances resilience to the negative impacts of climate change through sustainable food production and environmental health. However, water is a scarce resource that needs efficient utilization. This study explored (1) farmers’ perceptions about the roles of irrigation in climate change adaptation and (2) determinants of the choices to selected WUE-improving soil and water management practices in southern Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to survey 373 households. The results indicated that the majority of surveyed households were male-headed: 90.6%, above 40 years old: 56.8%, and uneducated: 73.5%. They perceived that irrigation improved their net income (INCOM): 88%, acted as insurance against decreased rainfall (IADR): 44.8%, and insurance against increased temperature (IAIT): 70%; though the water was not available in all dry seasons: 55%. The choice to tightly close water-diversion points after use is significantly positively ( p < .05) affected by education level (EDUC) and perceptions about irrigation water as IADR and IAIT. However, the farmers’ perceptions about INCOM significantly negatively affected their choice to not irrigate at peak sunshine hours. The choice of mulching is significantly positively affected by the perception of INCOM and IAIT. Similarly, the choice of using compost is significantly positively affected by EDUC and their perceptions of IADR and IAIT, and significantly negatively affected by INCOM. The choice of not practicing conventional tillage is strongly negatively affected by the farmers’ perceptions about equitable water distribution (EWD) and INCOM. Therefore, it can be concluded that the farmers’ understanding of the roles of irrigation in climate change adaptation is good but their understanding of WUE-improving practices is poor due to poor water distribution systems and low education levels. So, improving water distribution systems and farmers’ awareness about WUE-improving practices are suggested to the study area and other countries under related conditions.
Cultural Omnivorousness and Status Inconsistency in Chile: The Role of Objective and Subjective Social Status
Authors: Olivos Francisco , Wang Peng
Published: April 2022

Sociological research has long suggested that cultural participation is socially stratified. We build on this literature to discuss the role of the subjective and objective dimensions of stratification and how they are linked to practices of social distinction through cultural consumption. The aim of this study is to understand (1) the effect of subjective and objective social status on patterns of cultural participation and (2) the implications of the status inconsistency. We use a probabilistic and representative sample of the Chilean urban population older than the age of 18. Latent class analyses show that a significant proportion of Chileans can be considered cultural omnivores. Multinomial diagonal reference models suggest that omnivorousness is positively predicted by subjective and objective social status. Moreover, regarding inconsistency, objective social status is prominent in the explanation of omnivorousness for both status-underestimating and status-overestimating individuals. These findings provide important insights for discussing the implications of status inconsistency on cultural consumption.
Validation of a Korean version of mobile app rating scale (MARS) for apps targeting disease management
Authors: Hee Ko Kimmi Keum , Kim Sun Kyung , Lee Youngho , Lee Joo Yun , Stoyanov Stoyan R
Published: April 2022

The mobile app rating scale (MARS) is a widely used instrument for evaluating smartphone app quality. We aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of MARS (MARS-K). Two independent raters performed the assessment using the translated 23-item questionnaire. We applied intraclass correlation coefficient analysis (ICC) to examine inter-rater reliability, Omega, and item-total correlation for internal consistency, and Pearson’s r for test–retest reliability and correlation between subscales and the total score of MARS-K. Most items showed moderate to good ICC (0.447–1.000). The MARS-K showed excellent internal consistency and all subscales exceeded the acceptable level of omega. Results indicated MARS-K to be a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating disease management apps offered in the Korean app store. However, upgrades are recommended to further improve MARS-K’s rating accuracy and reliability.
(Non)negotiable spaces of algorithmic governance: Perceptions on the Ubenwa health app as a ‘relocated’ solution
Authors: Masso Anu , Chukwu Martha , Calzati Stefano
Published: April 2022

This study explores relocated algorithmic governance through a qualitative study of the Ubenwa health app. The Ubenwa, which was developed in Canada based on a dataset of babies from Mexico, is currently being implemented in Nigeria to detect birth asphyxia. The app serves as an ideal case for examining the socio-cultural negotiations involved in re-contextualising algorithmic technology. We conducted in-depth interviews with parents, medical practitioners and data experts in Nigeria; the interviews reveal individuals’ perceptions about algorithmic governance and self-determination. In particular, our study presents people’s insights about (1) relocated algorithms as socially dynamic ‘contextual settings’, (2) the (non)negotiable spaces that these algorithmic solutions potentially create and (3) the general implications of re-contextualising algorithmic governance. This article illustrates that relocated algorithmic solutions are perceived as ‘cosmopolitan data localisms’ that extend the spatial scales and multiply localities rather than as ‘data glocalisation’ or the indigenisation of globally distributed technology.
Sociotechnical imaginaries of algorithmic governance in EU policy on online disinformation and FinTech
Authors: Wijermars Mariëlle , Makhortykh Mykola
Published: April 2022

Datafication and the use of algorithmic systems increasingly blur distinctions between policy fields. In the financial sector, for example, algorithms are used in credit scoring, money has become transactional data sought after by large data-driven companies, while financial technologies (FinTech) are emerging as a locus of information warfare. To grasp the context specificity of algorithmic governance and the assumptions on which its evaluation within different domains is based, we comparatively study the sociotechnical imaginaries of algorithmic governance in European Union (EU) policy on online disinformation and FinTech. We find that sociotechnical imaginaries prevalent in EU policy documents on disinformation and FinTech are highly divergent. While the first can be characterized as an algorithm-facilitated attempt to return to the presupposed status quo (absence of manipulation) without a defined future imaginary, the latter places technological innovation at the centre of realizing a globally competitive Digital Single Market.
Headlamp design with an additional midfield mask for removal of specific illumination including glare
Authors: Wu C-S , Lin S-K , Sun C-C , Tsai M-S , Yang T-H , Yu Y-W
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a bicycle light-emitting diode (LED) headlamp is design for the purpose of meeting the regulation and removing the unwanted reflection of some specific parts. In addition to the optical design of the headlamp, a three-dimensional mask is designed to block the LED light source to remove the specific unwanted light on the front tyre of the bicycle and then reduce the glare effect to the rider. The experimental results show that the 3D mask can effectively eliminate 97.7% of the unwanted light on the wheel of the bicycle and keeps 98.6% of the original illuminance at the A point of the K-mark regulation. The proposed mask approach will be helpful to the design by using LED as a light source.
Disclosure of Sexual Assault Among Sexual and Gender Minorities: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Mauer Victoria A. , Huff Merle , Farquhar-Leicester Alexander , Sutton Tara E. , Ullman Sarah E.
Published: April 2022

Sexual assault is common in sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals, but few studies have examined SGM victims’ disclosure experiences. This systematic review identified 13 studies through searches of research databases on SGM populations with sexual victimization. These studies showed wide variation in disclosure rates, various barriers to disclosure, and psychological impacts of social reactions to disclosure on SGM individuals. Bisexual women were more likely to disclose to formal (e.g., police, healthcare providers) and informal (e.g., friends, family members) sources than other women, and SGM victims disclose to mental health professionals at particularly high rates. Sexual and gender minority victims also reported numerous barriers to disclosure, including those unique to SGM individuals (e.g., fear of being outed). Impacts of negative social reactions appear to be more negative on psychological symptoms of SGM victims, whereas positive reactions are helpful to recovery. Future research is needed taking an intersectional perspective to studying disclosure and social reactions to SGM individuals from both college and community samples, by examining both sexual minority and racial/ethnic identities in the context of intersectional minority stress theory. Studies are needed of both correlates and consequences of disclosures to both informal and formal support sources to better understand SGM individuals’ reasons for telling and not telling various support sources and the impacts of their disclosure experiences on their recovery. Such data is also needed to inform interventions seeking to identify and intervene with support network members and professionals to reduce negative social reactions and their psychosocial impacts and to increase positive social reactions and general social support from informal support sources.
Virtual Interviews for Surgical Fellowship are an Acceptable Alternative to In-Person Interviews for Applicants and Faculty Alike
Authors: Haisley Kelly R. , Renshaw Savannah M. , Needleman Bradley J. , Narula Vimal K. , Poulose Benjamin K. , Perry Kyle A.
Published: April 2022

Background: In-person interviews have traditionally been an integral part of the fellowship application process to allow faculty and applicants to interact and evaluate the intangible aspects of the matching process. COVID-19 has forced a transition away from in-person interviews to a virtual platform. This study sought to track faculty and applicant perspectives on this transition. Study Design: Prospectively collected survey data was obtained from all participants after each of 3 consecutive virtual interview days for minimally invasive surgery fellowship at a single academic institution. Results: One hundred percent (27/27 applicants and 9/9 faculty) of interview participants completed the survey. Cost (100% applicants, 77.8% faculty) was perceived as the greatest barrier to in-person interviews, and “inability to get a feel for the program/applicant” was the largest concern for virtual interviews (66.7% applicants, 88.9% faculty). After interviews, most participants strongly agreed that they were able to assess education (66.7% applicants, 77.8% faculty), clinical experience (70.4% applicants, 77.8% faculty), and research potential (70.4% applicants, 88.9% faculty) through the virtual platform. Only 44.4% of each group strongly agreed that they could assess “overall fit” equally as well. Most faculty (6/9, 66.7%), but fewer applicants (10/27, 37.0%), were willing to completely eliminate in-person interviews. Conclusion: Virtual interviews may be an acceptable alternative to in-person interviews in times of COVID-19 and beyond. Offering a virtual format may help to eliminate costs associated with in-person visits while adequately assessing the fit of a program for both applicants and faculty, though applicants still desire an in-person option.
Eliciting Activity Goals With a Self-Administered Survey Among Patients With Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Alan Fontana Mark , Islam Wasif , Richardson Michelle A. , Parks Michael L. , Mayman David J. , MacLean Catherine H.
Published: April 2022

Background: Success of treatment for hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA) should be evaluated relative to patients’ personal activity goals. Questions/Purposes: We sought to ascertain important principles for collecting such goals and developed a survey informed by those principles to facilitate better shared decision-making. Methods: From a series of 100 patient interviews inquiring about specific activity goals, we identified 6 principles for goal collection that are important to patients and physicians and could practically facilitate better shared decision-making (phase 1). Incorporating these principles, we designed a self-administered survey to measure specific pretreatment activity goals, piloting in 1 surgeon’s office (phase 2). During office visits, the feasibility of achieving stated goals was discussed between the surgeon and the patient, and goal modifications were recorded. Results: The phase 2 survey was administered to 252 patients, among whom 130 were women (51.6%); 215 (85.3%), white; mean age, 58.5 years; mean body mass index, 30.2 kg/m2; and 92.9% had 1 or more goals, totaling 106 unique goals. Patient demographics were associated with having goals for walking, running, exercising, golfing, tennis, and stairs. Hip and knee patients could last perform their goal on average 21.7 and 38.6 months prior ( P = .002). Patient and surgeon agreed to modify goals 19% of the time, more often among younger patients ( P = .001) and for running (64% modified, P < .0001) and skiing (42%, P = .0026), but less often for walking (14%, P = .0430) and golf (0%, P = .0204). Conclusions: Patients’ activity goals can be captured by a self-administered survey, collected before an office visit, and used to facilitate shared decision-making.
BPIFA2 as a Novel Early Biomarker to Identify Fatal Radiation Injury After Radiation Exposure
Authors: He Lexin , Zhou Shixiang , Li Weihong , Wang Qi , Qi Zhenhua , Zhou Pingkun , Wang Zhidong , Chen Jing , Li Yaqiong , Lin Zhongwu
Published: April 2022

Background

Current dosimeters cannot cope with the two tasks of medical rescue in the early stage of nuclear accident, the accurate determination of radiation exposure and the identification of patients with fatal radiation injury. As radiation can cause alterations in serum components, it is feasible to develop biomarkers for radiation injury from serum. This study aims to investigate whether serum BPIFA2 could be used as a potential biomarker of predicting fatal radiation injury in the early stage after nuclear accident.

Methods

A rabbit anti-mouse BPIFA2 polyclonal antibody was prepared to detect the expression of BPIFA2. C57BL/6J female mice were exposed to total body radiation (TBI) at different dose and Partial body radiation (PBI) at lethal dose to detect the dynamic changes of BPIFA2 in serum at different time points after irradiation by Western blot assay.

Results

BPIFA2 in mice serum were significantly increased at 1–12 h post-irradiation at .5–10 Gy, and increased again significantly at 3 d after 10 Gy irradiation with associated with mortality closely. It also increased rapidly after PBI and was closely related to injury degree, regardless whether the salivary glands were irradiated.

Conclusions

The increase of serum BPIFA2 is a novel early biomarker not only for identifying radiation exposure, but also for fatal radiation injury playing a vital role in rational use of medical resources, and greater efficiency of medical treatment to minimize casualties.
Depression screening in patients with vascular disease
Authors: Fan Rachel R , Rudnick Samuel B , Minami Hataka R , Chen Amy M , Zemela Mark S , Wittgen Catherine M , Williams Michael S , Smeds Matthew R
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Major depression is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in vascular surgery patients. The US Preventive Services Task Force and American Heart Association recommend routine depression screening for adults, especially those with cardiovascular disease. Since routine depression screening has not been implemented in most vascular surgery clinics across the nation, we sought to determine the feasibility of depression screening and understand the prevalence and predictors of depression in patients presenting to a single institution’s vascular surgery clinic over a 4 month period.

Methods

From June to September 2020, vascular surgery clinic patients were administered a 26-item survey that included validated scales for depression (PHQ-9), pain, frailty, alcohol dependence, and nicotine dependence. Although not validated, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was also administered. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic information and medical history. 9-digit patient zip codes were used to determine Area Deprivation Index, a measure of socioeconomic status. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to understand the factors associated with increased depression prevalence in the study population.

Results

A total of 140 (36.4%) of 385 patients met study inclusion criteria. 35.7% of them screened positive for mild to severe depression (PHQ-9 scores ≥5). On univariate analysis, major depression was significantly associated with lower socioeconomic status ( p = 0.007), higher frailty ( p < 0.001), lower self-esteem ( p < 0.001), higher daily pain ( p < 0.001), health problems that interfere with social activities ( p < 0.001), fatigue ( p < 0.001), unmarried status ( p = 0.031), and lack of primary care provider ( p = 0.048). Multivariate analyses significantly predicted higher frailty (B= 0.487, p = 0.007) and lower self-esteem (B= −0.413, p < 0.001) in patients with depression. Depression was not associated with gender, age, employment status, smoking status, alcohol use, or type of vascular disease.

Coclusions

More than one-third of vascular surgery clinic patients have comorbid depression. Higher frailty and lower self-esteem are significant risk factors for depression. Prevention and early identification of frailty may improve outcomes. Depression screening in vascular surgery clinics is feasible and could be useful in determining which patients may benefit from more frequent follow-up and monitoring for associated comorbidities. Vascular surgeons may play an important role in screening for depression and referring patients for psychotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy.