bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESAIN KONTROL ROBOT MANIPULATOR KAPASITAS 1.25 kgf
Authors: Sirojuddin Sirojuddin , Adigutama Yudha , Syaefudin Eko Arif , Fatah Mohamad Ilham Al
Published: January 2023

A robotic manipulator is one type of popular industrial robot which has a shape and movement that resemble a human arm. Robotic Manipulator mainly consists of a base, arm, gripper, and control system. This research focused on the control aspect of robot manipulators to handle 1.25 kgf load through experiment as a model of the robot with inverse kinematics. The design of the robot control uses 5 degrees of freedom using a servo motor as its actuator to achieve an accurate and stable movement on its x, y, and z coordinates using a microcontroller to calculate the inverse kinematic in real-time. The robot’s control involved the kinematic system, control diagram,  microcontroller, and robot programming. From the experiment, it was found that the robot manipulator was able to grip and move an object from one coordinate to another position accurately and stable with a deviation in each axis were 2-3 mm on the X, 2 mm on the Y, and 1-3 mm on the Z. As for the movement timeframe deviation that was obtained between the programmed and measured was o seconds.
Eco-friendly production of silica particles and fertilizer from rice husk, rice straw, and corncob wastes
Authors: Usdiqa Maulana Rafiq , Isma Yanti Sania , Zhafirah Makrudi Riyanti , Mahatmanto Tunjung , Murdiyatmo Untung
Published: January 2023

Agroindustrial wastes represent a rich and underutilized source of valuable minerals. Because the amount of biomass wastes generated by the agroindustry is increasing and the demand for sustainability is arising, there is a growing need for improving agroindustrial waste utilization and valorization. One of the major industrial interests has been obtaining silica from biomass wastes. The synthesis of silica from agroindustrial waste materials typically involves the use of high energy input for calcination or incineration and chemicals for extraction. To reduce energy consumption and chemical waste generation, we modified a sol-gel method to yield a by-product that can be used as a fertilizer. High purity silica was obtained from rice husk (95.1%), rice straw (91.4%), and corncob (95.9%). The silica particles were amorphous and white in color. The mean diameters of the silica particles obtained from rice husk, rice straw, and corncob were 72.4, 68.1, and 52.9 µm, respectively. The acid waste generated from the process was neutralized to yield potassium chloride. This by-product had mineral contents that could be used for inorganic fertilizer. In addition to supporting sustainability, the development of agroindustrial waste utilization methods is important for the establishment of inexpensive processes that are adaptable for large-scale manufacturing.
KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA ISOLAT PROTEIN SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench) HASIL EKSTRAKSI METODE ENZIMATIS MENGGUNAKAN α-AMILASE
Authors: Wulandari Endah , Filianty Fitry , Lembong Elazmanawati , Putti Firdauza Alifa
Published: January 2023

Sorgum merupakan salah satu serealia sumber karbohidrat yang sering dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku industri khususnya dalam bentuk pati. Ekstraksi pati menghasilkan produk samping yaitu protein yang memiliki kandungan protein 3 kali lipat lebih tinggi dari kandungan protein pada biji sorgum. Isolasi protein sorgum dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan enzim α-amilase. Sifat fisik dan kimia akan memengaruhi sifat produk selama proses pengolahan, penyimpanan dan konsumsi makanan. Sifat fisikokimia tersebut meliputi kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, dan morfologi permukaan granula isolat protein sorgum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisikokimia yang dimiliki oleh isolat protein sorgum yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental yang dilanjutkan dengan analisa secara deskriptif. Penelitian yang dilakukan 2 konsentrasi enzim yang berbeda (30000 U/g dan 53681,6 U/g) dalam waktu hidrolisis yang sama (30 menit). Hasil isolasi protein menggunakan metode enzimatis dengan konsentrasi enzim α-amilase 53681,6 U/g pati, menghasilkan konsentrat protein sorgum dengan kandungan protein 70,96%, serta kadar non-protein seperti kadar air, abu, lemak, dan karbohidrat dengan nilai berturut-turut sebesar 79,72%, 0,68%, 0,15%, dan 5,1% dengan morfologi isolat protein berupa kafirin yang saling menempel erat satu dengan yang lainnya mengelilingi endosperm.
PENGARUH BIOPRIMING DAN BIOFERTILIZER MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma asperellum DAN Trichoderma virens TERHADAP SENYAWA BIOAKTIF KACANG TUNGGAK
Authors: Mei Wulandari Nabilah , Yusnawan Eriyanto , Widyaningsih Tri Dewanti
Published: January 2023

Kurang Energi Protein (KEP) tidak hanya menyebabkan cadangan protein menurun, melainkan juga menurunkan sistem imun. Hal ini berdampak pada rendahnya produksi antibodi, sehingga partikel radikal bebas sulit tereliminasi dan tubuh rentan terkena infeksi. Maka dari itu, perlu senyawa antioksidan yang dapat memperkuat sistem imun. Tanaman obat, rempah-rempah, serta aneka kacang potensial (kedelai dan kacang hijau) banyak dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan senyawa antioksidan dalam tubuh. Namun, produktivitasnya fluktuatif dan sulit dibudidayakan di lahan kering. Kacang tunggak KT-6 dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber daya alternatif karena mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang tinggi, mudah dibudidayakan, dan dapat tumbuh di lahan kurang produktif. Kelemahan yang terdapat pada kacang tunggak berupa rendahnya aktivitas antioksidan, sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkannya dengan memanfaatkan Trichoderma asperellum (T. asp) dan Trichoderma virens (T. vir) sebagai elisitor untuk menginduksi aktivitas enzim antioksidan tanaman. Pada penelitian ini, kedua fungi diaplikasikan dengan perendaman (biopriming) dan penaburan biofertilizer yang telah diperkaya isolat Trichoderma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid serta aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan aplikasi biofertilizer berbahan konsorsium Trichoderma (T. asp + T. vir). Kelompok senyawa penyusun biji KT-6 dengan perlakuan tersebut lebih beragam dibandingkan biji tanpa perlakuan. Senyawa tertinggi pada biji KT-6 terinduksi Trichoderma adalah asam sitrat (4,75%), sedangkan pada biji KT-6 kontrol adalah Phthalazin-1(2H)-one, 2-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl- (5,42%). Senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid berkontribusi sangat kuat terhadap aktivitas antioksidan biji kacang tunggak KT-6
Title Page & Table of Contents
Authors: Van Raemdonck An , Kahlina Katja , Sygnowska Aleksandra
Published: January 2023

Entanglements of gender, nationalism, and (anti-)migration in contemporary Europe
Editorial - Paradoxes in the Far Right’s gender and sexuality politics: Nationalism, Islamophobia and multiple positionings on gender
Authors: Van Raemdonck An , Kahlina Katja , Sygnowska Aleksandra
Published: January 2023

Over the last decades, issues related to gender and sexuality came to the center of public and political debates in Europe. Right-wing parties and actors across Europe are gaining popularity while increasingly drawing on gender and sexuality in their anti-immigration and anti-Muslim rhetoric (e.g. Mayer, Ajanovic and Sauer 2014, Meret and Siim 2013). This Special Issue results from an international workshop organised by the Network for the Anthropology of Gender and Sexuality (NAGS), part of the European Association of SocialAnthropologists (EASA), and held at VU University Amsterdam in December 2019. The workshop interrogated entanglements of anti-migration and gender discourses, including anti-gender movements across Europe. Its overall aim was to discuss different ‘uses and abuses of gender’ in relation to migration and Islamophobia as deployed by right-wing discourse (Scott 2013). 
Features of the course of ankylosing spondylitis depending on the psychosocial status and duration of the disease
Authors: Blaginina I. I.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: to study the influence of psychosocial indicators and duration of the disease on the quality of life (QL), anxiety-depressive spectrum disorders (ADSD) and clinical and laboratory activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Materials and methods: the study involved 112 patients with AS. The author assessed clinical and laboratory activity of the disease, QOL (SF-36), the presence of ADSD (using the Taylor, Hamilton, and Spielberger scales), and autonomic disorders depending on the duration of the disease and the level of education. Results: in most patients with AS, signs of ADSD were detected, while in persons with higher education (HE), ADSD were significantly more common, and they had a higher level of anxiety and depression. Patients with HE have lower vital activity, the ability to adapt to social functioning, and an indicator of mental health. The study of the effect of AS duration on QL allowed the author to establish an association between an increase in AS duration and a decrease in the indicator of the psychological component of health. Conclusions: male patients with a higher level of education, who are characterized by lower indicators of QOL, mainly psychological health, have a greater tendency to develop ADSD. An increase in the duration of AS disease does not affect the development of ADSD. With the duration of AS for over 10 years, the indicators of the psycho-emotional and physical components of QOL decrease. There is a tendency in the increase in anxiety and depression levels, antioxidant protection factors are getting exhausted, inflammatory activity progresses, and personal perception of pain intensifies.
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of the fetus and newborn with hemodynamic disorders in the “mother-placenta-fetus” system
Authors: Berezhanskaya S. B. , Abduragimova M. К.
Published: January 2023

Objective: to identify the dependence of the severity of cerebral disorders in newborns and children of the first year of life on the indicators of blood flow in the utero-placental complex. Materials and methods: a total of 184 full-term newborns were examined in the period from birth to one year of life. The main group included children with cerebral ischemia of II and III severity and its consequences (group II, n=78; group III, n=42). Group I included newborns without signs of central nervous system damage, 14 of them had neurological symptoms by the end of the neonatal period (after a month, group I n =50, group II n =92). All children underwent general clinical examination, assessment of neurological status, ultrasound examination of the brain, transcranial dopplerography of cerebral vessels, electroencephalography. Maternal medical records were analyzed to identify hemodynamic parameters in the "mother-placenta-fetus" system at 12-13, 20-21, 28-32, and 36-40 weeks of gestation. Results: The features of uterine and fetal blood flow in the dynamics of gestation in mothers of the examined groups of children were determined. The associations between the values of Pi AUD, AUS, and AUM in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in different groups were shown. The relationship between disorders of uteroplacental hemodynamics and the severity of cerebral pathology was revealed. A "method of antenatal prediction of the severity of cerebral disorders in newborns" was proposed. Conclusions: The obtained results make it possible to predict the risk of hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system in newborns antenatally using hemodynamic parameters in the mother-placenta-fetus system at 36 weeks of gestation.
NAU - New Areas of Unifying interest for CKD. A multidisciplinary expert opinion using the Jandhyala method (Preprint)
Authors: Taveira-Gomes Tiago , Malheiro Jorge , Araújo Francisco , Nunes Andreia , Almeida Clara , Aires Inês , Nobre João Pedro , Neves João Sérgio , Dias Jordana , Bigotte Vieira Miguel , Melo Miguel , Capela Nuno , Heitor Susana , Couceiro João , Martinho Hugo , Luz-Duarte Leonor
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

The global prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is rising exponentially, although its real prevalence is underestimated. We aimed to identify which areas related to CKD should be the subject of educational or research programs.

OBJECTIVE

The main goal of this study is to identify which areas related to CKD should be the subject of educational or research programs.

METHODS

Participants with experience in scientific production and who consider CKD as an area of interest were recruited (44 from primary care and 52 from secondary care) and divided into two groups. In the Awareness Round they answered four open short-answer questions leading to statements and in the Consensus Round they were asked to rate their level of agreement with the statements using a five-point Likert scale - the Jandhyala method.

RESULTS

In general, the results showed a low awareness of some entities, such as Polycystic kidney disease, glomerulopathies and acute kidney disease. Referral was the item where there was a lower consensus index, especially in primary care. Awareness and therapeutic inertia had a high awareness and consensus indexes, which represented a recognition of sometimes inadequate perception of the problem by colleagues and failure to apply appropriate diagnostic measures. The prescription of nephroprotective drugs, the avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs and referral had a low awareness index and a higher consensus and Index Score, while in secondary care, their index score was much lower.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a need to advocate for equitable and affordable access to the entire spectrum of kidney care everywhere and more studies to assess and reassess cost-effectiveness of screening and treatment of CKD in the light of new therapeutics. Based on our results, there is a high likelihood of success in implementing outreach projects or initiatives focused on CKD literacy, referral and disease management.
A Spatial Political-Economic Review on Urban Growth in Java under Economic Liberalization of Dutch Colonialism During the 19th Century
Authors: Setiadi Hafid , Yunus Hadi Sabari , Purwanto Bambang
Published: January 2023

This study understands the rise and fall of cities as a result of colonial worldview and practices. Based on spatial political-economic thinking, this study examines the spatial implications of Dutch colonialism on urban growth in Java during the 19th century. The practice of colonialism at that time took place in a relatively stable regional situation.  The analysis of textual data from various literature indicates that the economic liberalization of Dutch colonialism in that time was a continuation of the VOC’s mercantilism but with a stronger intention to control the factors of production. Territorial expansion to fertile areas indeed encouraged the emergence of medium-sized cities in the inland, but on the other hand, degenerated several older cities on the coast. Spatially, the ambitions and practices of colonialism had a limited implication on urban growth. The combination of territorial and capital logic triggered political liquidation which was reflected in the spatial pattern of urban growth. The identity and symbol of colonial power were attached as new elements to the cities. This process revealed a locational decision to channel economic benefits to strategic places for sustaining domination of power for the long-term.
Assessing Gains of stakeholders for Mega Project implementation: Learning from Beneficiary Assessment of Lahore Ring Road Project, Pakistan
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Rehman Atiq Ur , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: January 2023

The population is increasing rapidly globally, and urban expansion of the cities has become an extensive trend in developing nations. Urban expansion patterns, such as transportation structure and road networks, affect transportation planning. This research was conducted on a mega project in Lahore city of Pakistan, i.e., the Lahore Ring Road (LRR) project. Limited research focused on the beneficiary assessment of the road project, and this research was carried out to fill this research gap. This research aims to evaluate the beneficiary assessment of DHA Phase 8 and Halloki Settlement along the Lahore Ring Road. The simple Random Sampling technique was used to conduct the household survey in the study area. This study concluded that most of the residents did not modify their houses nor increase the built-up area and height after the introduction of the project. This study inferred that the rental potential was high at some locations and low at old existing settlements. This research further concluded that community participation was ignored, and public facilities were not improved in the study area. But a project of LRR was very much beneficial and alive for the residents of Lahore city. Community participation should be enhanced in such types of megaprojects, and allied facilities in the nearby community should be upgraded. This research will be helpful for policymakers, urban planners, transportation planners, development authorities, and other stakeholders in planning future road projects in the country.
Flood Risk Mapping Using GIS and Multi-Criteria Analysis at Nanga Pinoh West Kalimantan Area
Authors: Purwanto Ajun , Rustam Rustam , Andrasmoro Dony , Eviliyanto Eviliyanto
Published: January 2023

Flood is one of the disasters that often hit various regions in Indonesia, specifically in West Kalimantan. The floods in Nanga Pinoh District, Melawi Regency, submerged 18 villages and thousands of houses. Therefore, this study aimed to map flood risk areas in Nanga Pinoh and their environmental impact. Secondary data on the slope, total rainfall, flow density, soil type, and land cover analyzed with the multi-criteria GIS analysis were used. The results showed that the location had low, medium, and high risks. It was found that areas with high, prone, medium, and low risk class are 1,515.95 ha, 30,194.92 ha, 21,953.80 ha, and 3.14 ha, respectively. These findings implied that the GIS approach and multi-criteria analysis are effective tools for flood risk maps and helpful in anticipating greater losses and mitigating the disasters.
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Analysis to Evaluate Corn Cultivation Technology Based on Farmer Participation
Authors: Djufry Fadjry , Farid Muhammad , Adzima Ahmad Fauzan , Anshori Muhammad Fuad , Yassi Amir , Musa Yunus , Nasaruddin Nasaruddin , Aqil Muhammad , Iswoyo Hari , Jamil Muhammad Hatta , Pati Sakka
Published: January 2023

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), widely known as a drone, proves very effective in assessing cropping or crop cultivation. Its practical use in evaluating corn cultivation technology systems is feasible when based on farmer participation. UAV can generate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) algorithm that reflects the greenness of leaves, which is a parameter related to photosynthesis and plant productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the participation-based UAV-derived NDVI could be effectively used to assess corn cultivation technology and determine the appropriate technology to be used in the cultivation. The research was conducted in Tarowang Village in Galesong Selatan District, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, using two plots, namely, mother trial and baby trial. The mother trial applied a randomized block design in which eight packages of corn cultivation technology were randomly assigned, whereas the baby trial consisted of eight corn plots cultivated by farmers. In the latter, each farmer received one package of the cultivation technology. The study results indicated that NDVI and yield could effectively evaluate corn cropping. Three packages, i.e., P1, P4, and P5, are recommended for corn cultivation, especially in the village observed. Nevertheless, they are expected to be also applicable to other districts in South Sulawesi to promote improvement in corn production.
Feedback: A Construct in Search of Contemporary Investigation
Authors: F. Shaughnessy Michael
Published: January 2023

Feedback is a construct that has been around for decades, but it’s utilization in online classes and in Zoom has only been cursorily investigated. This paper briefly reviews the types of feedback and discusses the need for empirical examination of the construct.Feedback is quite frequently given by some instructors, minimally given by others, and haphazardly administered by still others. While feedback is important, empiricists must examine its use and research conducted regarding its impact.
Credit Card Fraud Detection
Authors: Swami Mrs. M. M , Ghuge Rushikesh , Singh Gurshan , Tiwari Harsh , Kalaskar Rohan
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Due to exponential growth in the field of online transactions, credit cards are widely used in most financial aspects and hence there are more risks of fraudulent transactions. These fraudulent transactions can be shown by analysing several behaviours of credit card users from earlier transaction history datasets. If any abnormality is noticed in the behaviour from the existing patterns, there is the possibility of fraudulent transaction. In this project the proposed will use Ensemble Learning Algorithms (XGBoost). By using these models, the proposed system will predict if the transaction is fraudulent or genuine. Therefore, by the implementation of this methodology in fraud detection systems, monetary losses which are caused due to fraudulent transactions can be decreased.
A Study to Assess the Satisfaction Level of Clients towards Team of Psychiatric Care Admitted in Selected Psychiatric Hospital, Kolkata
Authors: Sikdar Tulu
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Patient satisfaction has been viewed as valid outcome measure of a health care delivery system. Assessing patient satisfaction with team of psychiatric care is important in evaluating whether patients’ needs are fulfilled and subsequently facilitating in the planning as well as implementing appropriate interventions for patients. The investigator has conducted a study to assess the satisfaction level of clients towards team of psychiatric care admitted in selected Psychiatric Hospital, Kolkata. The objective of the study was to find out satisfaction level of clients towards team of psychiatric care. Conceptual framework of the study was based on Fishbone Model created by Kaoru Ishikawa (1968). Non-experimental descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. 112 samples were selected by non- probability purposive sampling technique. Demographic data was collected by interviewing using the semi-structured interview schedule and record analysis. Data related to patients’ level of satisfaction regarding psychiatric nursing care, medical care and others’ care were collected by interviewing method using rating scale.
Process Validation of Highly Potent Antidiabetic Tablets of Voglibose 0.2 Mg
Authors: Tijare Lokesh K. , Deshmukh Lokesh T. , Mohod Abhinay A. , Bhandakkar Vivek M. , Hore Santosh , Padole Nitin N.
Published: January 2023

Diabetes mellitus is chronic disorder which affecting number of persons worldwide, alpha glycoside inhibitors like Voglibose is a highly potent and tolerant alpha glycoside inhibitor as compare to other diabetic drugs, the main objective of this process validation is to provide documentary evidence that the manufacturing process of Voglibose Tablet IP 0.2 mg will consistently and reproducibly produce a product, which meets predetermined specifications and quality attributes. The critical process parameter was identified with the help of process capability and evaluated by challenging as per in-house specification.  Three   initial   process validation batches (T17L004, T18L003, T19A013) of same size, method, equipment & validation criteria were taken.  As per the process validation protocol critical parameter identified like sifting, dry mixing, wet granulation, drying, sifting and milling, blending &lubrication, compression at different stages and blister packing and evaluated as per process validation protocol. Conclusion: Based on evaluation of manufacturing process and analytical data it is concluded that the employed manufacturing process for Voglibose Tablet IP 0.2 mg shall be consistently& reproducibly produce a product which meeting its predetermined specification and quality attributes, hence it is considered to be validated.
Phytochemical Screening of alcoholic extract of Thuja Occidentalis Leaves for Formulation and Evaluation of Wound Healing Ointment
Authors: Bharti Keshav , Sharma Manmohan , Vyas Girish Kumar , Sharma Shailesh
Published: January 2023

Herbal cosmetics are concoctions that are used to beautify and improve the look of humans. The goal of this study was to create and assess a herbal ointment including leaves extract made with alcohol for wound healing. Recent studies in several regions of the world have revealed that t. occidentalis and its active component thujone have a high potential for treating a variety of health problems. T. occidentalis preparations can effectively combat microbial/worm infection. It has antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to these effects, it has insecticidal, molluscicidal, and nematocidal efficacy against certain pests.During the research period, the formulated ointment demonstrated good consistency and spreadability, homogeneity, pH, non-greasy, and no signs of phase separation. Stability characteristics such as visual appearance, nature, viscosity, and aroma of the prepared ointment revealed no significant modification over the research period.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablets Containing Sertraline Solid Dispersion Using Plantago Ovata
Authors: Khatal Hrishikesh K. , Borkar Smita P. , Jadhav Prakash D. , Yadav Vishal D
Published: January 2023

The aim of the present research is to formulate Sertraline Hydochloride solid dispersion (SRT-SD) fast disintegrating tablets. The speed of onset of action of antidepressant drug is clinically important for several reasons. Fast disintegrating tablets of SRT-SD was formulated by using natural superdisintegrant adopting direct compression method to minimize time of onset of action and also become economic. The study describes formulation of solid dispersion of SRT using HPMC E5 as a carrier and further converting SRT-SD into fast disintegrating tablets utilizing Plantago ovata mucilage as natural superdisintegrant. All tablets formulations were evaluated for various pre and post compression parameters. The F1 batch showed release kinetics closest to Serta® with maximum r2 (0.9991) value was considered to be the optimized batch and showed hardness of 3.10 kg/cm2, disintegration time of 28.00 second and dissolution of 95 % in 12 min. The stability study clearly indicate that optimized batch can increase the disintegrating and dissolution time of SRT and utilized as prominent alternative for the treatment of depression.
The Development of Forced Degradation and Stability Indicating Studies of Drugs- A Review
Authors: Verma Akanksha , Singla Shivali , Palia Priyankul
Published: January 2023

Force degradation study is an essential study that provides the knowledge & judgement to develop a stability indicating analytical method. This study helps to establish the specification and shelf life of a drug substance or drug product. Force degradation study show the chemical behaviour of the molecule which in turn helps in the development of formulation and package. This helps to describe the analytical methods helpful for development of stability indicating method. In addition, the regulatory guidance is very general and does not explain about the performance of forced degradation studies. Thus, this review discusses the current trends in performance of forced degradation studies by providing a strategy for conducting studies on degradation mechanisms and also describes the analytical methods helpful for development of stability indicating method.
A Review on Phytochemical Pharmacological and Biological Activities of Thuja Occidentalis
Authors: Bharti Keshav , Sharma Manmohan , Vyas Girish Kumar , Sharma Dr. Shailesh
Published: January 2023

Thuja occidentalis plant of Cupressaceae family originated in Eastern North America and is now planted as an ornamental tree in Europe and Brazil, where it is known as the "tree of life" or "white cedar." It's often used to treat liver problems, enuresis, amenorrhea, bullous bronchitis, psoriasis, cystitis, uterine carcinomas, diarrhoea, and rheumatism in traditional medicine. Due to the presence of essential oil, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, and proanthocyanins, the chemical ingredients of T. occidentalis have piqued researchers' curiosity for decades. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, gastrointestinal tract protective action, radioprotection, antipyretic, and lipid metabolism regulating activity are all examples of pharmacology. As a result, the current study is a compilation of all essential material for T. occidentalis, including phytochemical, biological and a detailed examination of their pharmacological properties.The current review represents a synthesis of all relevant information for Thuja occidentalis, including phytochemical, biologicaland a thorough analysis of their pharmacological activities, in order to promote all of the biological activities demonstrated thus far, rather than focusing on a single biological activity.
An Updated Review On Analytical Methods For Estimation Of Azelnidipine And Telmisartan
Authors: Eswarudu M. M. , Roja P. , Sankar P. Ravi , Babu P. Srinivasa
Published: January 2023

High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is a common condition that is characterized by having a higher amount of pressure in blood vessels than normal. Hypertension (HT) is a very common disorder, particularly past middle age. It is not a disease in itself, but is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. For improvement activity of hypertension, Azelnidipine and Telmisartan newer combination in market, which is effective in Hypertension. This combination was developed to improve medication for Stage II Hypertension. Azelnidipine is Ca2+ channel blocker and chemically 3-[1-(Benzyldrylazetidin-3-yl] 5-isopropyl- 2- amino 6 methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4- dihydropyridine-3, 5dicarboxylate.Telmisartan is AT1-receptor blocker and Chemically2-{4-[[4-methyl-6-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2yl)-2–propylbenzimidazol-1yl] methyl] biphenyl)-benzoic acid. It provides information about different analytical method development like UV spectrophotometry, HPTLC, HPLC, and LC-MS methods reported for Azelnidipine and Telmisartan for individual and other drug combination. All reported methods found to be simple, accurate, economic, precise and reproducible in nature. This Review focuses on recent development in analytical method development for Azelnidipine and Telmisartan, and there were two methods reported for this combination as per our knowledge.
Phyto Analysis, Formulation, and Evaluation of Herbal Lotion Produced From Allium Sativum and Phyllanthus Emblica Alcoholic Extracts
Authors: Raj Mukut , Vyas Girish Kumar , Sharma Shailesh , Sharma Anil
Published: January 2023

Herbal cosmetics are concoctions that are used to beautify and improve the look of humans. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a herbal antibacterial lotion formulation that included an alcohol-based fruit extract. Recent research in numerous parts of the world has found that the active components of Allium sativum and Phyllanthus emblica fruits have a great potential for treating a wide range of health conditions. Microbial/worm infection can be efficiently combated using Allium sativum and Phyllanthus emblica preparations. It's anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial. The prepared lotion displayed good consistency and spreadability, homogeneity, pH, non-greasy, and no symptoms of phase separation during the research period. Stability properties of the produced lotion, such as visual appearance, nature, viscosity, and scent, did not change significantly during the study time.
The Comorbidities And Clinical Profile Of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sumathi Dr.Matta , Vani P. , Babitha B. , Basha V.Wazeed , Kumar I Naveen
Published: January 2023

Background: Chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) has been responsible for the decreased quality of life as well as increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of the present study was to observe the comorbidities and clinical profile of patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease at a tertiary care center.

Methods: The data were collected from 80 COPD patients presenting to OPD of the pulmonary medicine department from August 2021 to January 2022. The data were extracted from a medical case sheet and for statistical analysis, MS Excel was used.

Results: As the age increased the prevalence of COPD increased and the highest was found to be in the age group above 60 years of age. Males were more affected by COPD as compared with females. The smokers were more compared to the nonsmokers. The prevalence of smoking among COPD was noted to be 60% compared to 40% as non-smokers. The most common clinical feature was breathlessness 100% followed by cough 95%. 15% of the cases of copdhad Hypertension as the comorbidity.

Conclusion: Breathlessness was the most common symptom at presentation and hypertension were the most common co-morbidities found.
Effect of Covid-19 in Management of Lung Cancer Disease: A Review
Authors: Kumar Roshan , Saha Purabi , Nyarko Richard Owusu , Lokare Priya , Boateng Anubhav Dubey Edward , Kahwa Ivan , Owusu Boateng Paul , Asum Christian
Published: January 2023

COVID-19 outcomes may be more severe in lung cancer patients. As a COVID-19 pandemic spreads, it's critical to identify which people and malignancies are most susceptible. COVID-19 appears to have the worst results in lung cancer patients. Lung damage or reduced lung capacity can be caused by the disease itself or by cancer treatments such as radiation and surgery. The earlier lung cancer is diagnosed, the better the prognosis. As a result, early detection technology for cancer is in high demand. Early diagnosis in large population screens is closely connected to non-invasiveness and cost-effectiveness. As a result, microelectronic-based sensor technology may be used to construct sensitive biomarker detection systems. Various biosensors have recently recognized cancer-related proteins. Researchers are increasingly interested in testing for volatile metabolites found in the breath. Companion testing for innovative anti-cancer drugs and re-biopsy for new therapeutic uses are helping to speed up the development of lung cancer diagnostic tests. This review covers all current lung cancer diagnostic modalities in depth.
Phytochemicals of Extract N-Hexane Leaves Bangun-Bangun (Plectranthus Amboinicus) (Lour.) Spreng and Antibacterial Activity Causes Diarrhea
Authors: Singarimbun Nurbaiti Br. , Firmawati Zega Defacto , Firmawati Zega Defacto , Anjelina Simanjuntak Helen , Purba Hermawan , Gurning Kasta
Published: January 2023

Objective: This research aims to determine the secondary metabolites contained in the n-hexane extract of P. ambionicus leaves and to determine the effective concentration as an antibacterial causing diarrhea.

Methods: The research method was carried out experimentally with the stages of making simplicia, maceration, extract making, phytochemical screening, and antibacterial activity testing.

Results: The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that the n-hexane extract of P.amboinicus leaves at all concentrations (50%, 25%, 12.5%) had antibacterial activity in the strong category (10-20 mm).

Conclusion: The n-hexane extract of P.amboinicus leaves has the potential as an antibacterial with a strong category.
A Prospective Study on Hypertension-Revealing it to be a key factor for various Medical Complications, their Management and Prevalence in a Secondary Care Hospital
Authors: Sultana Dr. Amreen , Fatima Shaima , Sultana Arham , Anum Summaya , Ziya Uddin Mohd
Published: January 2023

Background: High blood pressure or HTN is a heterogeneous group of disorder characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure due to the force of blood pushing against the blood vessel walls, which develops over time due to unhealthy lifestyle choices, lack of awareness accompanied by low levels of treatment and uncontrolled rates lead to mortality. Globally Hypertension (HTN) affects two-third of the population resulting in 10.4 million deaths annually. Despite several initiatives, the prevalence of HTN and its adverse impact on cardiovascular, renal, and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality are globally increasing.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to detect the adverse outcomes of uncontrolled hypertension and review the treatment patterns in the management of hypertension to reduce its further complications. To assess whether the higher prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension or poor adherence to antihypertensive therapy or both may explain the higher prevalence of hypertensive complications.

Results: In the study, the prevalence of hypertension was found to be 46% among the patient population with males (52.5%) being more prevalent than females (47.5%). Among all age groups, individuals aged 50-69 years were highly affected. From the study, it was found that a greater number of patients fall in the category of stage-2 hypertension (38.75%) followed by hypertension crisis (28.75%), stage-1 hypertension (25%), and normal (7.5%). More patients with uncontrolled hypertension experienced cardiovascular complications (55%) when compared to cerebrovascular (27.5%) and renal (17.5%) complications. The choice of antihypertensive drugs used in the management were diuretics (43.75%), CCB (41.25%), ARB (37.5%), BB (32.5%), B+A (11.25%), ACEI (6.25%), CS (3.75%), and AAB (2.5%). The most commonly prescribed drugs in the study were Furosemide (11.25%), Telmisartan (11.25%), Amlodipine (7.5%), and Metoprolol (6.25%).

Conclusion: The study concludes that most of the patients with uncontrolled hypertension were suffering from cardiovascular complications with least being affected by renal and cerebrovascular complications. A regular and moderate degree of physical activity in combination with good lifestyle choices may have a good impact on hypertension control thus preventing further complications. However, blood pressure control is obtained in some individuals, while in some blood pressure was still elevated after the drug management due to the presence of co-morbid conditions and poor lifestyle modifications.
A Review Article of Polyherbal Tablet for the Management of Osteoporosis
Authors: . Pooja , Garg Twinkle , Sharma Ram Babu
Published: January 2023

Osteoporosis is an aging problem. The declining bone mineral density (BMD) enhances the chances of fractures during minor falls. Effective pharmaceuticals are available for a rapid improvement of BMD Osteoporosis is an enormous and growing public health problem. Once considered an inevitable consequence of ageing, it is now eminently preventable and treatable. Ironically, despite tremendous therapeutic advances, there is an increasing treatment gap for patients at high fracture risk. In this Series paper, we trace the evolution of drug therapy for osteoporosis, which began in the 1940s with the demonstration by Fuller Albright that treatment with oestrogen could reverse the negative calcium balance that developed in women after menopause or oophorectomy. We note a watershed in osteoporosis drug discovery around the year 2000, when the approach to developing novel therapeutics shifted from one driven by discoveries in animal studies and clinical observations (eg, oestrogen, calcitonin, and teriparatide) or opportunistic repurposing of existing compounds (eg, bisphosphonates) to one driven by advances in fundamental bone biology (eg, denosumab) coupled with clues from patients with rare bone diseases (eg, romosozumab, odanacatib). Despite these remarkable advances, concerns about rare side-effects of anti-resorptive drugs, particularly bisphosphonates, and the absence of clear evidence in support of their long-term efficacy is leading many patients who could benefit from drug therapy to not take these drugs. As such, there remains an important clinical need to develop ways to enhance patient acceptance and compliance with these effective drugs, and to continue to develop new drugs that do not cause these side-effects and have prolonged anabolic effects on bone. Such changes could lead to a true reversal of this potentially devastating disease of ageing.
A Comprehensive Review on Amoxicilin and Clavulanic Acid as Potential Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Jeet Kamal , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Gajender , Jaswal Rajat , Kumar Dikshit , Thakur Amit
Published: January 2023

Suspensions comprise finely divided medication particles (the suspensoid) spread uniformly in a vehicle with or without stabilisers and other ingredients. Conventional oral suspension is ready-to-use and does not require reconstitution. Dry syrup is more bioavailable than tablets and capsules because it dissolves in water outside the mouth and enters the GI tract. GIT absorbs suspension quickly: Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid have been used since the 1970s. Despite having the same half-life as amoxicillin, clavulanic acid is protein-bound and heat unstable. It causes gastrointestinal side effects, including Clostridium difficile infection, and restricts amoxicillin oral combination doses. Due to clavulanic acid's b-lactamase tendency, the first amoxicillineclavulanic acid ratio was 4:1; currently it's 2:1, 7:1, 14:1, and 16:1. Few ratio comparisons exist. Amoxicillineclavulanic acid is often used as empiric therapy for WHO's Priority Infectious Syndromes in adults and children, resulting in large consumption. Some of these syndromes may be handled with a delayed antibiotic prescription approach or amoxicillin alone.
Review on process validation of Amoxicillin Potassium Clavulanate Dry Syrup
Authors: Devi Anjana , Kumar Sanjay , Jeet Kamal , Sharma Vikash , Chaudhary Aman
Published: January 2023

Modern medicines for human use are required to comply with specific standards and regulation set forth by the concerned authorities. A simple and sensitive UV spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Potassium Clavulanate (PC) and Amoxicillin.  As complementary of this work, an assay method for amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate mixtures was developed and validated; stress-testing and stability studies of amox/clav mixtures was carried out under specified conditions according to ICH and analyzed by using validated stability-indicating assay and related substances methods. Aim of this study was to test the validation of derivative spectrophotometric method in simultaneous determination the content amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium in dry syrup by derivative spectrophotometric method with zero crossing technique, in buffer phosphate pH 4,4-methanol (91:9) mixture.
A Review on Simultaneous Determination of Anti-Hypertensive Drug Combinations Containing Amlodipine Besylate using Chromatographic Analysis
Authors: Kumar Chandran Sajith
Published: January 2023

The present review aims to investigate some of the recently reported analytical methods available for the assay ofantihypertensive drugs in various combinations of pharmaceutical forms. Several simultaneous RP- HPLC methods have beenreported for the determination of antihypertensive drugs. The review familiarizes various reported methods for the simultaneousdetermination of Amlodipine besylate with other antihypertensive drug formulations which are used in combination treatmentprotocols.
Review on Collagen as a wound healer.
Authors: G.S Tribhuvan , B Velhal A , D Jadhav. P , K Redasani V
Published: January 2023

In reaction to the tissue injury, normal wound healing process goes through inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling stages. Impairments any one of these stages cause the wound to become chronic and non-healing, necessitating intervention to bring returning the process to its original state. Collagen, a fundamental has a role in the matrix extracellular an important function in wound healing regulation, whether in its native fibrillar form or in the wound as soluble components environment. Collagen has been used as an additional wound treatment to aid healing since it is involved in the control a combination of a few of these processes. The importance of collagen in various biological processes related to wound healing is discussed in this paper, additionally to a survey of the existing research in regards to the utilization of collagen-based wound care. There are several techniques to developing recommendations, but no gold standard has emerged so till now.
Simultaneous Estimation of Metoprolol and Telmisartan in Combined Tablet Dosage Form by Using RP-HPLC and UV Spectrophotometry
Authors: Gandu Sravanthi , . Parameshwari , M Ravinder , Gandla Kumaraswamy , Narmada Gade
Published: January 2023

An accurate, precise and reproducible RP-HPLC and UV Spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Metoprolol and Telmisartan in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was carried out on X-tera C8 column (100mm*4.6mm*5µ), by using the mobile phase (0.05M Sodium phosphate buffer pH 2.8 and methanol) in the ratio 35:65, at a flow rate 1.2ml/min. The detection was carried out at a wave length of 226nm. The retention time for Metoprolol and Telmisartan was found to be 2.338 and 5.559 respectively. UV method involves solving simultaneous equations based on measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths 223nm and 296nm λmax of Metoprolol and  Telmisartan respectively. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1.25-6.25μg/ml and 2-10μg/ml for Metoprolol and Telmisartan respectively. The developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines.
Review: Drug Discovery and Development of Warfarin
Authors: Manao Tirsa Ami , Asra Ridho , Chandra Boy
Published: January 2023

Background: The history of the discovery of Warfarin started from the plains of North America in Canada in 1920. Livestock in that area died from bleeding. Warfarin was first used in 1948 as a rodenticide, and in 1954 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved it for medical use as an anticoagulant.

Purpose: This review article aims to discuss the history of the discovery of warfarin starting from the presence of blood clotting disorders to the point that researchers worked to find drugs that can inhibit blood clotting, namely the anticoagulant group.

Research Methods: The method used is the study of relevant literature which is accessed through online sites such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, Springer Link, and NCBI.

Conclusion: In its development, several trials such as in silico, preclinical, and clinical trials have shown significant results but are always associated with bleeding.