bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Calcinosis Cutis of Hip: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Purohit Rajashree S. , Jadhav Gauri , Adhikari Geet , Patwadkar Ravindra S. , Gaikwad Yogesh R.
Published: July 2022

Calcinosis cutis is an uncommon disorder identified by the deposition of calcium in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Idiopathic variety of calcinosis cutis is the one with no underlying damage at the tissue level or an absence of systemic derangement in the calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Here, we report a case of a 65-year-old female diagnosed with idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the hip after her calcium and phosphorus levels were found to be normal and no connective tissue disorder could be identified.
Analysis of limited coverage effects on areal density measurements in inertial confinement fusion implosions
Authors: Gopalaswamy V. , Betti R. , Radha P. B. , Crilly A. J. , Woo K. M. , Lees A. , Thomas C. , Igumenshchev I. V. , Miller S. C. , Knauer J. P. , Stoeckl C. , Forrest C. J. , Mannion O. M. , Mohamed Z. L. , Rinderknecht H. G. , Heuer P. V.
Published: July 2022

Accurate diagnosis of areal density (ρR) is critical for the inference of performance metrics in inertial confinement fusion implosions. One potential source of error in this diagnosis is the existence of low mode perturbations in the imploding target, which lead to asymmetries in the inference of the ρR from different lines of sight. Here, the error accrued as a result of limited coverage of the sphere due to a finite number of detectors is quantified, and the development of a forward scatter measurement from the OMEGA neutron time-of-flight detectors is motivated. A method by which the 1D-equivalent 4π-averaged ⟨ρR⟩ can be reconstructed, if accurate mode information can be diagnosed by other means, is validated.
Ion shock layer formation during multi-ion-species plasma jet stagnation events
Authors: Mohammed A. I. , Adams C. S.
Published: July 2022

We report the characteristics of collisional plasma shocks formed during interactions between low density (ne≈1015 cm−3), low temperature (Te≈2 eV), high velocity (30 km s−1), plasma jets and stagnant plasma of similar parameters. This investigation seeks to probe the structure of shocks in multi-ion-species plasmas, in particular, the presence of gradient-driven ion species separation at the shock front. The railgun-accelerated jets utilized here have previously been shown to exist in a collisional regime with intra-jet collisional mean-free-path substantially smaller than jet size [Schneider et al., Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 29, 045013 (2020)]. To induce collisions, a dielectric barrier is located downstream of the railgun to stagnate an initially supersonic plasma jet. Around the time of stagnation, the railgun emits a second jet which shortly collides with the stagnant plasma. The presence of a structure emitting in the UV-visible band is evident in high-speed photographs of the moments immediately following the arrival of the second jet at the stagnant plasma. Analysis of interferometric and spectroscopic data suggests that the observed increase in density from the jet to the post-collision plasma is consistent with the formation of a bow shock structure with a multi-millimeter-scale ion shock layer.
Hydrodynamic instabilities in a highly radiative environment
Authors: Rigon G. , Albertazzi B. , Mabey P. , Michel Th. , Barroso P. , Faenov A. , Kumar R. , Michaut C. , Pikuz T. , Sakawa Y. , Sano T. , Shimogawara H. , Tamatani S. , Casner A. , Koenig M.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present the effects of a radiative shock (RS) on the morphology of jet-like objects subjected to hydrodynamic instabilities. To this end, we used an experimental platform developed to create RSs on high energy laser facilities such as LULI2000 and GEKKO XII. Here, we employed modulated targets to initiate Richtmyer–Meshkov and Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) growth in the presence of an RS. The RS is obtained by generating a strong shock in a dense pusher that expands into a low-density xenon gas. With our design, only a limited RTI growth occurs in the absence of radiative effects. A strongly radiative shock has opposite effects on RTI growth. While its deceleration enhances the instability growth, the produced radiations tend to stabilize the interfaces. Our indirect experimental observations suggest a lower instability growth despite the interface deceleration. In addition, the jets, produced during the experiment, are relevant to astrophysical structures such as Herbig–Haro objects or other radiatively cooling jets.
Orientation dependent etching of polycrystalline diamond by hydrogen plasma
Authors: Yoshii Daichi , N. Fujii Mami , Uenuma Mutsunori , Uraoka Yukiharu
Published: July 2022

The p-type conducting hydrogen-terminated diamond obtained from hydrogen plasma has several applications in the field of power semiconductor devices. Therefore, clarifying the effects and role of hydrogen plasma on diamond surfaces is a critical aspect in the field of hydrogen-terminated diamond devices. In this study, we focused on diamond surface etching by hydrogen plasma and revealed the dependence of the diamond crystal orientation using scanning probe microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. Crystal grains with a low etching rate were distributed around the {100} and {111} planes, and those with a high etching rate were distributed on the {110} plane. Furthermore, we found that the etching rate increased as the intermediate orientation grains tilted toward the {110} plane. Because the surface carbon atoms that compose the {110} plane have two of their three back bonds on the surface exposed to hydrogen plasma, we expected that the {110} orientation would have a high etching rate. Even for grains with intermediate orientations, the etching tendency corresponded to the location of the back bonds. Our research provides important systematic data on the crystal orientation in diamond electronics.
Formal vertex laws associated to Lie conformal algebras
Authors: Boyallian C. , Guzman J.
Published: July 2022

We introduce several definitions within the framework of vertex and conformal algebras that are analogous to some important concepts of the classical Lie theory. Most importantly, we define formal vertex laws, which correspond to the notion of formal group laws. We prove suitable vertex/conformal versions of a number of classical results, such as the Milnor–Moore theorem, Cartier duality, and the equivalence between formal group laws and Lie algebras.
Understanding the factors affecting contact resistance in nanowire field effect transistors (NWFETs) to improve nanoscale contacts for future scaling
Authors: Ramesh S. , Ivanov Ts. , Sibaja-Hernandez A. , Alian A. , Camerotto E. , Milenin A. , Pinna N. , El Kazzi S. , Lin D. , Lagrain P. , Favia P. , Bender H. , Collaert N. , De Meyer K.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, dry etched vertical nanowires (VNWs) are used in transmission line/transfer length analysis to study the contacts of gate-all-around devices for future technology nodes. VNW resistors with Mo and Pd based metal stack contacts to p-InGaAs show Schottky behavior, unlike the planar counterpart. The resistance for Mo contact is higher than Pd, however, Pd was found to form an alloy with InGaAs at temperatures as low as 190 °C, and the length of Pd diffusion into the InGaAs increased at smaller NW dimensions, hindering future scalability. The minimum extracted specific contact resistivity (ρC) values are 1.6 × 10−5 Ω cm2 (Mo) and 4.2 × 10−6 Ω cm2 (Pd) for a doping level of 1 × 1019 cm−3. An apparent dependence of ρC on the NW diameter was also observed. This has been attributed to the surface states under the un-gated region of NW devices and found to dominate at smaller diameters. An analytical model to account for such geometrical effects has also been developed and validated with technology computer-aided design simulations. The analysis presented in this paper effectively captures the 3D aspects of an NW contact at nanoscale dimensions and can be applied irrespective of the semiconductor and contact metal used.
Observation of Griffith like phase and large magnetocaloric effect in nanocrystalline La0.7Ag0.2Bi0.1MnO3
Authors: Bisht Priyanka , Nagpal Vipin , Singh Gurmeet , Mahato Rabindra Nath
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present structural, magnetic, magnetocaloric, and critical study of perovskite La0.7Ag0.2Bi0.1MnO3 (LABMO) nanocrystalline compound synthesized by the sol–gel method. Temperature dependent magnetization measurements reveal the significant suppression of ferromagnetism in the LABMO sample upon Bi-doping on a La-site. The downturn in inverse magnetic susceptibility (χ−1) observed just above TC (236 K) in the paramagnetic regime corroborates the presence of short-range ferromagnetic correlations, which is the characteristic of the Griffith like phase below 270 K. The deviation from linear paramagnetic behavior in χ−1 implies the strong Griffith singularity. Furthermore, we have employed an integrated Maxwell's thermodynamic relation numerically and used isothermal magnetization data to determine the change in magnetic entropy at various magnetic fields. For a magnetic field change of 5 T, the value of maximum magnetic entropy change is found to be ∼6 J kg−1 K−1. We have also explored the critical behavior of the LABMO sample at transition temperatures using different theoretical models. The value of exponents β, γ, and δ does not fall into any known universality class. Despite this, the scaling relations show that interactions are renormalized around the Curie temperature (TC). The exponent n ≤ 2 extracted from field dependency on the magnetic entropy change confirms the second-order phase transition in LABMO.
Mitigating laser imprint with a foam overcoating
Authors: Liu D. X. , Tao T. , Li J. , Jia Q. , Zheng J.
Published: July 2022

In direct-drive inertial confinement fusion, laser imprint can cause areal density perturbations on the target shell that seed the Rayleigh–Taylor instability and further degrade the implosion. To mitigate the effect of laser imprint, a foam overcoating layer outside the target shell has been suggested to increase the thermal smoothing of the conduction region (between the ablation front and the critical density surface) and mass ablation of the ablation front. In this paper, we use a two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic code FLASH to investigate the laser imprint mitigation performance and find other physical mechanisms of foam overcoatings. First, radiation ablation dynamically modulates density distribution not only to increase the frequency of the perturbed ablation front oscillation but also to decrease the amplitude of the oscillation. Second, a larger length of the shocked compression region reduces the amplitude of the perturbed shock front oscillation. The areal density perturbations decrease with the decrease in the perturbations of the ablation front and shock front. Based on the abovementioned physical mechanisms, we propose the optimal ranges of foam parameters to mitigate laser imprint with the aid of dimensional analysis: the foam thickness is about two to three times that of the perturbation wavelength, and the foam density is about 1/2–3/2 times that of the critical density.
Connecting entropy scaling and density scaling
Authors: Bell Ian H. , Fingerhut Robin , Vrabec Jadran , Costigliola Lorenzo
Published: July 2022

It is shown that the residual entropy (entropy minus that of the ideal gas at the same temperature and density) is mostly synonymous with the independent variable of density scaling, identifying a direct link between these two approaches. The residual entropy and the effective hardness of interaction (itself a derivative at constant residual entropy) are studied for the Lennard-Jones monomer and dimer as well as a range of rigid molecular models for carbon dioxide. It is observed that the density scaling exponent appears to be related to the two-body interactions in the dilute-gas limit.
Micro magnet location using spin waves
Authors: Balinskiy Michael , Khitun Alexander
Published: July 2022

In this work, we present experimental data demonstrating the feasibility of magnetic object location using spin waves. The test structure includes a Y3Fe2(FeO4)3 film with four micro-antennas placed on the edges. A constant in-plane bias magnetic field is provided by the NdFeB permanent magnet. Two antennas are used for spin wave excitation, while the other two are used for the inductive voltage measurement. There are nine selected places for the micro magnet on the top of the film. The micro magnet was subsequently placed in all nine positions and spin wave transmission and reflection were measured. The obtained experimental data show the difference in the output signal amplitude depending on the micro magnet position. All nine locations can be identified by the frequency and the amplitude of the absolute minimum in the output power. All experiments are accomplished at room temperature. Potentially, spin waves can be utilized for remote magnetic bit readout. The disadvantages and physical constraints of this approach are also discussed.
Capacitance for fractal-like disordered dielectric slab
Authors: Kanwal Samra , Kee Chun Yun , Low Samuel Y. W. , Zubair Muhammad , Ang L. K.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we model a heterogeneous dielectric medium exhibiting fractal geometry or disordered random structures by applying non-integer dimensions to determine its capacitance between two parallel plates. The capacitance depends on the fractional dimensions of the fractal or disordered dielectric slab, which may be obtained from the theoretical fractal dimension or box-counting method. The findings are verified by CST Studio Suite (Electromagnetic field simulation software), experimental measurements, and the equivalent capacitance method. Five common types of fractals (Cantor bars/plates, Sierpinski carpet, Sierpinski triangle, Haferman carpet, and Menger sponge) and random structures are tested with good agreement. There is also an effective gain of capacitance in using less amount of dielectric materials, which may be useful in material-savings of dielectrics. This research shows a useful tool in modeling the capacitance of heterogeneous materials, where fractals and disordered structures may be commonly encountered in organic materials and any dielectrics where precision and fabrication are not perfect.
Scaling laws of statistics of wall-bounded turbulence at supercritical pressure: Evaluation and mechanism
Authors: Li Fangbo , Pei Binbin , Bai Bofeng
Published: July 2022

A growing body of studies support that the real fluid effects related to the abrupt density changes in supercritical fluids significantly affect statistical properties of turbulence, yet developing appropriate scaling laws for wall-bounded turbulence at supercritical state is still difficult. In the present study, we conduct direct numerical simulations on channel flows of supercritical fluids to evaluate the usefulness of classical scaling developed for variable-property flows. We find that the expressions based on semi-local scaling [ϕ=f(y*,Reτ*) and ϕ=f(y*,Reτ*,Pr*)] fail to collapse the statistical profiles at supercritical pressure. We analyze the mechanism of the failure of semi-local scaling by quantifying the modulations of turbulent structures of supercritical fluids due to changes in fluid properties. The intensified ejection and sweep of low-speed streaks destabilize the stream-wise streaks and reduce the stream-wise coherence, changing the statistics and affecting the usefulness of semi-local scaling. To shed light on the scaling laws of fluctuating velocities, we finally examine the hypotheses in Townsend wall-attached eddy theory in the context of flows at a supercritical state. It is found that the attached eddies are self-similar near-wall structures, which result in the logarithmic profiles of stream-wise and span-wise velocity fluctuations; the population density of the attached eddies can be well approximated by an exponential scaling.
Animal Migrations
Authors: Jackson Hill Diane
Published: July 2022

A reindeer treks a continent under unimaginable weather extremes. One tiny bird flies non-stop for nine days, while another flies from the North to South Pole (and back!) every year. A whale swims through the oceans of a hemisphere.

Animal Migrations: Flying, Walking, Swimming offers a fascinating insight into the what, where, why and how of these incredible journeys of survival. It explores the migrations of mammals, birds, insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, crustaceans and aquatic microorganisms. Discover exceptional and unusual journeys, their effect on our world, and how we can help these migrating animals.

The remarkable adventures covered in Animal Migrations show strength, determination, inbuilt knowledge and the importance of community across global connections.

Reading level varies from child to child, but we recommend this book for ages 8 to 12.
When peer comparison information harms physician well-being
Authors: Reiff Joseph S. , Zhang Justin C. , Gallus Jana , Dai Hengchen , Pedley Nathaniel M. , Vangala Sitaram , Leuchter Richard K. , Goshgarian Gregory , Fox Craig R. , Han Maria , Croymans Daniel M.
Published: July 2022

Policymakers and business leaders often use peer comparison information—showing people how their behavior compares to that of their peers—to motivate a range of behaviors. Despite their widespread use, the potential impact of peer comparison interventions on recipients’ well-being is largely unknown. We conducted a 5-mo field experiment involving 199 primary care physicians and 46,631 patients to examine the impact of a peer comparison intervention on physicians’ job performance, job satisfaction, and burnout. We varied whether physicians received information about their preventive care performance compared to that of other physicians in the same health system. Our analyses reveal that our implementation of peer comparison did not significantly improve physicians’ preventive care performance, but it did significantly decrease job satisfaction and increase burnout, with the effect on job satisfaction persisting for at least 4 mo after the intervention had been discontinued. Quantitative and qualitative evidence on the mechanisms underlying these unanticipated negative effects suggest that the intervention inadvertently signaled a lack of support from leadership. Consistent with this account, providing leaders with training on how to support physicians mitigated the negative effects on well-being. Our research uncovers a critical potential downside of peer comparison interventions, highlights the importance of evaluating the psychological costs of behavioral interventions, and points to how a complementary intervention—leadership support training—can mitigate these costs.
On the reconstruction of contrastive secondary palatalization in Common Slavic
Authors: Wandl Florian , Kavitskaya Darya
Published: July 2022

Contrastive secondary palatalization is a feature typically associated with Slavic. However, this contrast is present only in some contemporary Slavic languages, such as Ukrainian, Eastern Bulgarian, Russian, and Upper and Lower Sorbian. Thus, a question arises as to whether the secondary palatalization contrast represents a Common Slavic inheritance, and how it should be reconstructed. Providing such a reconstruction is important for the field of Slavic historical phonology, as well as for the general understanding of the development of consonant inventories with palatal consonants and the development of secondary palatalization contrasts in the world’s languages. By considering several historical scenarios, we show that /r/ : /rj/ is the only secondary palatalization contrast that can be reconstructed to a pre-stage common to all of Slavic. While pursuing the reconstruction, we use supporting evidence from the typology of sound change and the typology of consonantal inventories in the world’s languages, as well as relative chronology.
Significance of a 1 °C increase in global temperature
Authors: Gagnon J S
Published: July 2022

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports indicate that the global mean temperature is about 1 °C higher than pre-industrial levels, that this increase is anthropogenic, and that there is a causal relationship between this higher temperature and an increase in frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events. This causal relationship seems at odds with common sense, and may be difficult to explain to non-experts. Thus to appreciate the significance of a one degree increase in global mean temperature, we perform back-of-the-envelope calculations relying on simple physics. We estimate the excess thermal energy trapped in the climate system (oceans, land, atmosphere) from a 1 °C increase in global mean temperature, and show that it is thousands of times larger than the estimated energy required to form and maintain a hurricane. Our estimates show that global warming is forming a very large pool of excess energy that could in principle power heatwaves, heavy precipitation, droughts, and hurricanes. The arguments presented here are sufficiently simple to be presented in introductory physics classes, and can serve as plausibility arguments showing that even a seemingly small increase in global mean temperature can potentially lead to extreme weather events.
Key factors affecting contact resistance in coplanar organic thin-film transistors
Authors: Jo Sun-Woo , Cho Seongjae , Kim Chang-Hyun
Published: July 2022

We present a comprehensive numerical analysis of contact resistance in coplanar organic thin-film transistors. A large number of hole-transporting organic transistors are investigated through two-dimensional finite-element simulation, by deliberately changing the channel length, source/drain electrode thickness, and hole-injection energy barrier heights. Gate-field-dependent terminal contact resistances of these devices are fully estimated and electrostatic distributions inside the organic semiconductor film are visualized for the understanding of physical mechanisms. It is found that the relationship between source/drain electrode thickness and contact resistance does not follow any simple trend and is also strongly associated with the injection energy barrier. Moreover, the origin of negative contact resistance in organic transistors featuring a minimal charge-injection barrier is elaborated. Finally, a direct impact of the semiconductor charge-carrier mobility on contact resistance is addressed, revealing a linear dependence of contact resistance on inverse mobility over a broad parameter range.
Deep learning-enabled soft tissue tumor localization using spatially offset Raman spectral analysis: in-silico investigations
Authors: Jayasankar Subitcha , Bajhaiya Deepak , Narayanan Unni Sujatha
Published: July 2022

Raman spectroscopy and its derivatives have gained wide acceptance among optical biopsy tools for tissue discrimination. However, the identification and localization of subsurface soft tissue tumors are still challenging. Several designs for the Raman probe have been proposed to this effect, among which spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) could offer a potential solution. This paper attempts to demonstrate the simultaneous identification of subsurface adenoma depth and thickness using Convolutional Neural Networks applied on Monte Carlo simulated SORS signals. The application of transfer learning model resulted in a better root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.40% for depth prediction as compared to the 7%–25% RMSE demonstrated by previous reports. Simultaneous thickness prediction is demonstrated for the first time with 8.42% RMSE.
Current through a hybrid four-terminal Josephson junction with Majorana nanowires
Authors: Liu Long , Sun Sutao , Huo Yunchang , Li Shuang , Han Tiwen
Published: July 2022

We investigate the current through a hybrid four-terminal Josephson junction with semiconductor nanowires, in which the junction is connected with two superconducting electrodes and two normal electrodes. The semiconductor nanowire, which is subject to an external magnetic field with Rashba spin–orbit coupling and proximity-induced superconductivity, can host Majorana bound states. When all the nanowires lie in topological nontrivial region, a 4π-periodic current can be observed through the normal terminal and a 2π-periodic current through the superconducting terminal. When a rotating magnetic field is applied to the junction, the supercurrent through different terminals varies with the variation of the magnetic field direction. Only when the magnetic field is applied at certain angles, we find that the 4π-periodic current will appear through the normal terminal.
Interplay of magnetic states and hyperfine fields of iron dimers on MgO(001)
Authors: Shehada Sufyan , dos Santos Dias Manuel , Abusaa Muayad , Lounis Samir
Published: July 2022

Individual nuclear spin states can have very long lifetimes and could be useful as qubits. Progress in this direction was achieved on MgO/Ag(001) via detection of the hyperfine interaction (HFI) of Fe, Ti and Cu adatoms using scanning tunneling microscopy. Previously, we systematically quantified from first-principles the HFI for the whole series of 3d transition adatoms (Sc-Cu) deposited on various ultra-thin insulators, establishing the trends of the computed HFI with respect to the filling of the magnetic s- and d-orbitals of the adatoms and on the bonding with the substrate. Here we explore the case of dimers by investigating the correlation between the HFI and the magnetic state of free standing Fe dimers, single Fe adatoms and dimers deposited on a bilayer of MgO(001). We find that the magnitude of the HFI can be controlled by switching the magnetic state of the dimers. For short Fe-Fe distances, the antiferromagnetic state enhances the HFI with respect to that of the ferromagnetic state. By increasing the distance between the magnetic atoms, a transition toward the opposite behavior is observed. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability to substantially modify the HFI by atomic control of the location of the adatoms on the substrate. Our results establish the limits of applicability of the usual hyperfine hamiltonian and we propose an extension based on multiple scattering processes.
Design and optimization of electromagnetic tomography and electrical resistance tomography dual-modality sensor
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Ruichang , Liang Xiao , Ye Jiamin , Chen Xueyong
Published: July 2022

Electromagnetic tomography and electrical resistance tomography (EMT/ERT) dual-modality sensors can combine the advantages of single-modality sensors and detect the distribution of a three-phase medium in a gas–liquid–solid three-phase fluidized bed containing magnetic catalyst. However, the detailed design and optimization of the structure of the EMT/ERT dual-modality sensor arranged in the same cross-section are lacking. In this paper, this problem is solved from the perspective of mutual interference with both EMT and ERT. In numerical simulations, the boundary measurement data and the quality of reconstructed images are compared between single-modality and dual-modality. It is concluded that the EMT has no interference with the ERT, whereas the EMT is interfered by the ERT with the increase of duty ratio. In addition, it is determined that the position of the center of the coil facing the center of the electrodes and the electrode duty ratio of 0.5 are the optimal dual-modality structure. A dual-modality sensor experiment is carried out, and the optimal structure of dual-modality sensor is further validated.
The accelerated design of the nanoantenna arrays by deep learning
Authors: Ma Lan , Wang Shulong , Li Yuhang , Wang Guosheng , Duan Xiaoling
Published: July 2022

Nanoantenna fusion photonics and nanotechnology can manipulate light through the ultra-thin structure composed of sub-wavelength antennas, and meet the important requirements for miniaturized optical components, completely changing the field of optics. However, the device design process is still time-consuming and consumes computing resources. Besides, the professional knowledge requirements of engineers are also high. Relying on the algorithm’s inference ability and excellent computing ability, artificial intelligence has great potential in the fields of material design, material screening, and device performance prediction. However, the deep learning (DL) requires a mass of data. Therefore, this article proposes a method for the forward and inverse design of nanoantenna based on DL. Compared with the previous work, the network uses a two-dimensional matrix as input, which has a simple structure and is more suitable for the advantages of deep netural network. Simultaneously, the small datasets can be used to achieve higher accuracy. In the forward prediction, 100% of the data error is less than 0.007; in the inverse prediction, the data with error less than 0.05 accounted for 90%, 99.8% and 100% of the length, height, and width’s datasets. It demonstrates that the method can improve the automation of the design process and reduce the consumption of computer resources.
Selective gas detection of titania nanoparticles via impedance spectroscopy and capacitive measurement
Authors: Singh Aditya Kumar , Bhowmik Basanta
Published: July 2022

The present paper demonstrated the impedance analysis of Au/TiO2 nanoparticles/Si–Al capacitive sensor for selective detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at different frequency regimes. TiO2 nanoparticles (NP) were synthesized through the solution process and characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy , x-ray diffraction analysis, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The gas sensitivity of Au/TiO2
-NP/Si–Al was investigated, with the effect of temperature modulation (25 °C–250 °C) and dielectric variation in the vicinity of nanoparticles. Impedance spectroscopy of TiO2
-NP was carried out to obtain resonant peaks over the frequency ranging from 0.05 to 225 kHz and fitted with a complex nonlinear least-squares method. The optimum sensor response of 136%, 63%, 152%, and 174% was found at resonant frequencies of 0.38 kHz, 0.22 kHz, 0.15 kHz, and 0.1 kHz for the exposure of 2-propanol, acetone, ethanol, and methanol, respectively. The fastest response time and recovery time were found to be 32/21 s, 31.2/8 s, 32.5/9 s, and 40/26 s for acetone, 2-propanol, ethanol, and methanol, respectively. Selective detection of different VOCs at various resonant frequencies has correlated with the dielectric variation of the NPs and their associated void region under gas exposure.
A physical model to simulate the photoelectric effect
Authors: Barretto Jerry T
Published: July 2022

This work is about a physical model of the photoelectric effect. The model is cost-effective and may be used to generate data qualitatively like that of the photoelectric effect. Features of the model include frequency dependence and the notion of a bound particle overcoming a barrier.
Simple but accurate driven RLC experiment
Authors: Mungan Carl E
Published: July 2022

A driven RLC series circuit is constructed by connecting a sine-wave generator to a coil and a capacitor. A multimeter is used to measure the circuit parameters and is then connected across the capacitor to measure its rms voltage. As a result, a resonance curve is mapped out that matches theory with no free parameters.
Probe temperature effect on the curling probe and its correction technique
Authors: Ogawa Daisuke , Kihira Yuki , Kato Shota , Nakamura Keiji , Sugai Hideo
Published: July 2022

This article introduces the effect of the probe temperature existing in a curling probe, which enables one to measure the electron density in plasma and the thickness of deposited film on the probe surface. We have recognized the effect appearing on the resonant frequency in previous reports, but we made measurement conditions where no temperature affected the frequency shift. The practical use of curling probes does not always allow one to have such an ideal condition, so it is necessary to have a good understanding of the probe temperature effect. Toward the understanding, we firstly measured the resonant frequency shift for five different operating powers with a curling probe having a heater and thermocouple attached to the probe surface. The frequency shift measurement showed consistent trends with plasma off and on. With some careful analyses, we found that the correction factor, which is necessary to compensate for the electron density measurement due to geometry reasons, etc for curling probe, had a regularity as a function of probe temperature; the inversed square of the correction factor was proportional to the degree of resonant frequency shift. Furthermore, the proportionality depended on the probe temperature with the regularity, so we finally were able to include the probe temperature effect on the correction factor, which realized the correction of the electron density even when the probe has a temperature variation. The electron density measurement with this correction technique worked well and followed the density measured with the Langmuir probe well. In particular, this research revealed that the correct technique is effective when probing temperature increases.
Facet effects on generation-recombination currents in semiconductor laser diodes
Authors: Fenwick W E , Deri R J , Baxamusa S H , Pope D L , Boisselle M C , Dutra D M , Allen N P , Crowley M , Thiagarajan P , Hosoda T
Published: July 2022

The contribution of facet defect currents to the overall generation-recombination current of laser diodes operating near 800 nm is quantified experimentally, using the dependence of current on cavity length to isolate facet effects. The results show that facet currents exhibit an ideality factor much greater than 2, while currents associated with the interior of the laser diode stripes exhibit an ideality factor of 2. These differences in behavior provide an approach to infer additional details of defect evolution in aging studies of semiconductor laser diodes.
A novel re-entrant honeycomb metamaterial with tunable bandgap
Authors: Tao Zhi , Ren Xin , Sun Long , Zhang Yi , Jiang Wei , Zhao Ai Guo , Xie Yi Min
Published: July 2022

An auxetic metamaterial consisting of a re-entrant honeycomb structure with hierarchical characteristics (RHS-H) is proposed. The new structure is constructed by attaching small re-entrant structural unit cells to the nodes of the traditional re-entrant structures. Not only can the overall stiffness and stability of the proposed structure be tuned during compression and tension, but a better acoustic performance is also obtained compared with traditional re-entrant honeycomb structures. Firstly, the deformation mechanism of the bandgap is numerically explored by analyzing the dispersion curve of the microstructure as well as the upper and lower bounds of the bandgap vibrational modes. Secondly, the bandgap tunability of the designed structure under uniaxial compression or tension is discussed. Finally, the transmittance of finite period size is calculated to verify the numerical results of the bandgap. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed novel RHS-H has attenuation characteristics of a tunable low-frequency plane wave through a reasonable selection of compressive strain, tensile strain and geometric parameters. The vibration damping strength of the bandgap increases under tensile strain. When the auxetic effect is enhanced, the first and second bandgaps become lower and wider. The novel metamaterial has potential applications in vibration and noise reduction and the design of acoustic devices in dynamic environments, while providing new ideas and a methodology for the real-time adjustment of bandgaps.
A simple model for high rotational excitations of molecules in a superfluid
Authors: Cherepanov Igor N , Bighin Giacomo , Schouder Constant A , Chatterley Adam S , Stapelfeldt Henrik , Lemeshko Mikhail
Published: July 2022

Recently it became possible to study highly excited rotational states of molecules in superfluid helium through nonadiabatic alignment experiments (Cherepanov et al 2021 Phys. Rev. A 104 L061303). This calls for theoretical approaches that go beyond explaining renormalized values of molecular spectroscopic constants, which suffices when only the lowest few rotational states are involved. As the first step in this direction, here we present a basic quantum mechanical model describing highly excited rotational states of molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets. We show that a linear molecule immersed in a superfluid can be seen as an effective symmetric top, similar to the rotational structure of radicals, such as OH or NO, but with the angular momentum of the superfluid playing the role of the electronic angular momentum in free molecules. The simple theory sheds light onto what happens when the rotational angular momentum of the molecule increases beyond the lowest excited states accessible by infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the model allows to estimate the effective rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for a broad range of species and to explain the crossover between light and heavy molecules in superfluid 4He in terms of the many-body wavefunction structure. Some of the above mentioned insights can be acquired by analyzing a simple 2 × 2 matrix.
Influences of multicenter bonding and interstitial elements on pseudo-twinned γ-TiAl crystal
Authors: Huang Jianxin , Wang Jinkai , Wang Hao , Lu Jiajun , Lu Xiao-Gang , Jiang Jun , Chen Ying
Published: July 2022

The electronic properties of pseudo-twin boundary in γ-TiAl intermetallic and the influence of interstitial alloying atoms on them are investigated through ab initio calculation. Similar to true twin boundary, there exist three-central bonds at the pseudo-twin boundary, which are discussed by local energy scheme combined with electron localization function and quantum theory of atoms in molecules schemes. The effect of interstitial atoms C, N, H and O on slipping energy is separated into the contributions of affinity of interstitial atoms to host atoms and the multi-center bonds. In shearing process of pseudo-twin configuration, a local true twin boundary is formed in the neighbor layer of the initial pseudo-twin boundary, resulting in a plateau formed in stacking fault energy curve.
Thawing k-essence dark energy in the PAge space
Authors: Huang Zhiqi
Published: July 2022

A broad class of dark energy models can be written in the form of k-essence, whose Lagrangian density is a two-variable function of a scalar fieldϕand its kinetic energyX≡12∂μϕ∂μϕ. In the thawing scenario, the scalar field becomes dynamic only when the Hubble friction drops below its mass scale in the late Universe. Thawing k-essence dark energy models can be randomly sampled by generating the Taylor expansion coefficients of its Lagrangian density from random matrices [Huang Z 2021Phys. Rev.D104103533]. Reference [Huang Z 2021Phys. Rev.D104103533] points out that the non-uniform distribution of the effective equation of state parameters (w0,wa) of the thawing k-essence model can be used to improve the statistics of model selection. The present work studies the statistics of thawing k-essence in a more general framework that is Parameterized by the Age of the Universe (PAge) [Huang Z 2020Astrophys. J. Lett.892L28]. For fixed matter fraction Ωm, the random thawing k-essence models cluster in a narrow band in the PAge parameter space, providing a strong theoretical prior. We simulate cosmic shear power spectrum data for the Chinese Space Station Telescope optical survey, and compare the fisher forecast with and without the theoretical prior of thawing k-essence. For an optimal tomography binning scheme, the theoretical prior improves the figure of merit in PAge space by a factor of 3.3.
An estimate of dibaryon production in the process of

at

anda facility*
Authors: Dong Yubing , Shen Pengnian
Published: July 2022

Although

was first observed by WASA@COSY, its existence has yet to be further confirmed in different types of processes at other facilities. In this work, the possible production of the single dibaryon state

in the process of

in a future experiment at the

anda facility is estimated. Following the method used in our previous study (Chin. Phys. C 46, 023105), a phenomenological Lagrangian approach is employed to study the single

production. Based on the conclusions obtained by the non-relativistic constituent quark model, the cross section of the

reaction via the

intermediate state is estimated, which is in the order of

. It is shown that the dominant contribution comes from the diagram with the

subprocess. However, it is difficult to measure owing to the large background. Further, although the cross section of the diagram with the

subprocess is small, i.e., only approximately

of the total cross section or even smaller, the corresponding number of events is still sufficiently large and can be measured at

anda because the outgoing

and

come from the same source

.
On farmers’ perceptions of climate change and its nexus with climate data and adaptive capacity. A comprehensive review
Authors: Ricart Sandra , Castelletti Andrea , Gandolfi Claudio
Published: July 2022

Farmers’ perception of climate change is crucial in adaptation intention and process. However, farmers’ perceptions may not be timely, accurate and systematically consistent with the direction and significance of observational records. Although some research compared farmers’ perceptions and climate data, little attention has been paid to comprehensibly analyse both data sources discrepancies based on empirical studies results. By combining bibliometrics and a systematic review approach, we identify which approaches are used to compare perceived and observed data, how both patterns have been mutually evolved, which factors determine their (in)consistency, and if their accordance and robustness affect farmers’ adaptive capacity. We analyse a portfolio of 147 papers collected from the Scopus library catalogue since 2000. The bibliometric analysis was coupled with an exploratory analysis of 98 papers selected from the original portfolio. The literature is extensive, fast-growing, and spans several disciplines. We identify four consolidated research lines: (a) perceived risk and farmers’ adaptive capacity nexus, (b) crop vulnerability due to temperature increase and erratic rainfall patterns, (c) forecasting use and influence in farmers’ decisions, and (d) climate change awareness conditioning farmers’ profiles. Nonetheless, we observe some research gaps: (a) a conceptual mismatch in ‘normal pattern’ or ‘drought’ meaning, (b) poor or limited data from meteorological stations, (c) overlook or oversimplification of local knowledge in describing perception, (d) farmers’ memory weaknesses to keep track of climate alterations, and (e) a geographical dissonance in favour of Global South regions. Our science-metric study also reveals some research questions to be consolidated: Can the perception of extreme events increase climate change awareness? Can greater awareness reduce discrepancy with observed data? How do heuristics and socio-psychological filters influence farmers’ awareness and interpretation of climate data? We suggest putting major efforts into reinforcing these research lines as part of a novel domain-dependent trend to reduce the discrepancy.
Energy stability of thermally modulated inclined fluid layer
Authors: Arora Manisha , Bajaj Renu
Published: July 2022

The stability of natural convection in thermally modulated inclined fluid layer is analyzed using linear instability analysis and generalized energy stability theory. A sufficient condition for the global stability of the fluid layer is obtained. The stability boundaries are found in terms of the Rayleigh number. Shooting method is used to find the stability limits numerically. Uncertain stability region is observed between the linear and the nonlinear stability boundaries. The onset of instability depends upon the frequency and the amplitude of modulation.
Relationship between the digital economy, resource allocation and corporate carbon emission intensity: new evidence from listed Chinese companies
Authors: Chen Pengyu
Published: July 2022

Many studies have focused on the relationship between the digital economy and carbon emissions at the macro level. However, there is a relative dearth of research on this relationship at the micro level. In this study, we determined the impact of the digital economy on the carbon emissions of individual companies and the mediating role of resource allocation in this relationship using data from listed Chinese manufacturing companies between 2011 and 2019. This analysis yielded three main findings. First, based on firm-level carbon emissions and the borderless organization theory, we found that the digital economy significantly reduced corporate carbon emission intensity. Second, the digital economy reduced resource misallocation and improved resource efficiency, which in turn reduced corporate carbon emission intensity. Third, market drivers and government regulations improved and hindered the ability of the digital economy to reduce corporate carbon emission intensity, respectively. These findings provide evidence for the need for government investment in the development of digital technologies and corporate digitization; the use of digital technologies by businesses to improve resource and energy efficiency; and minimal government regulation of the digital economy in favor of self-regulation through market forces. These measures are important for economic transformation and the achievement of carbon neutrality in emerging developing countries, including China.
A-02 Concussion at One-Year Post-Injury and Anxiety Do Not Predict Head Protective and Jump Landing Functional Reaction Time
Authors: Anderson M N , Lynall R C , O'Connor P J , Schmidt J D
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Individuals with a concussion history are more likely to sustain subsequent concussions and/or musculoskeletal injuries. Underlying mechanisms are unclear; reaction time (RT) deficits associated with anxiety may play an important role. The primary aim of this study was to determine if anxiety and recent concussion history predict functional RT (i.e., head protective, jump landing) under single and dual-task conditions. Methods: 40 participants (concussion:healthy = 20:20; time since concussion = 11.8 months) completed the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, anxiety ratings before and after each task, and performed RT tasks. We used a virtual reality environment and motion capture laboratory to collect RTs for head protective and jump landing, respectively. Participants completed assessments under both single-task (i.e., “Focus solely on completing the task as quickly as possible”) and dual-task (i.e., “Subtract as quickly and accurately as possible as you await your visual stimulus”) conditions. Instructions gave equal weight to speed and accuracy. All RTs were calculated (ms) as the time from visual onset of stimuli to first movement ≥3 cm of hands (head protective) or sacral body (jump landing). A series of linear regression models determined if the independent variables predicted RTs. Results: Regression models did not explain a significant proportion of the variance in head protective (single- R2 = 0.05; p = 0.78; dual- R2 = 0.09; p = 0.49), or jump landing (single- R2 = 0.21; p = 0.08; dual- R2 = 0.12; p = 0.32) RTs. Conclusions: In a low anxiety sample, recent concussion history and anxiety do not predict clinical or functional reaction times at twelve-months post-concussion. If these differences exist, they are likely resolved by this time.