bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Biohybrids of Red Blood Cells and Cascaded‐Enzymes@ Metal–Organic Frameworks for Hyperuricemia Treatment
Authors: Li Zeyu , Xue Liecong , Yang Junxian , Wuttke Stefan , He Peiying , Lei Chuanyi , Yang Haowei , Zhou Liang , Cao Jiangfan , Sinelshchikova Anna , Zheng Guansheng , Guo Jimin , Lin Jiangguo , Lei Qi , Brinker C. Jeffrey , Liu Kaisheng , Zhu Wei
Published: December 2023

Hyperuricemia, caused by an imbalance between the rates of production and excretion of uric acid (UA), may greatly increase the mortality rates in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Herein, for fast‐acting and long‐lasting hyperuricemia treatment, armored red blood cell (RBC) biohybrids, integrated RBCs with proximal, cascaded‐enzymes of urate oxidase (UOX) and catalase (CAT) encapsulated within ZIF‐8 framework‐based nanoparticles, have been fabricated based on a super‐assembly approach. Each component is crucial for hyperuricemia treatment: 1) RBCs significantly increase the circulation time of nanoparticles; 2) ZIF‐8 nanoparticles‐based superstructure greatly enhances RBCs resistance against external stressors while preserving native RBC properties (such as oxygen carrying capability); 3) the ZIF‐8 scaffold protects the encapsulated enzymes from enzymatic degradation; 4) no physical barrier exists for urate diffusion, and thus allow fast degradation of UA in blood and neutralizes the toxic by‐product H2O2. In vivo results demonstrate that the biohybrids can effectively normalize the UA level of an acute hyperuricemia mouse model within 2 h and possess a longer elimination half‐life (49.7 ± 4.9 h). They anticipate that their simple and general method that combines functional nanomaterials with living cell carriers will be a starting point for the development of innovative drug delivery systems.
Solution‐Processed PTCDI‐C8 Crystalline Wire: Dual Role as Mask and Active Layer for Organic Transistors with Increased Switching Speeds
Authors: Choi Bogyeong , Kwon Dongyub , Tarsoly Gergely , Park Junyong , Pyo Seungmoon
Published: December 2023

Organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) have been extensively studied over the past decades because of their suitability for low‐cost, large‐area, and flexible electronics. However, improvements are needed to satisfy the demands of high‐speed applications. The switching speed of a logic device is affected by the charge‐carrier mobility (µ) and the square of the channel length (L) at a given gate–source bias. Therefore, increasing µ and/or reducing L are crucial for achieving high‐speed OFET‐based digital circuits. In this study, an n‐type OFET is fabricated with increased switching speed via a dual‐role approach involving solution‐grown, highly ordered single‐crystalline N,N'‐dioctyl‐3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI‐C8) wires, which serve as a mask for short‐channel formation up to the microscale and an active layer with enhanced charge mobility. Additionally, the performance of the n‐type short‐channel OFET and resistive‐load‐type inverters is evaluated. For comparative purposes, long‐channel (50 µm) devices with PTCDI‐C8 wires and short‐channel devices with a PTCDI‐C8 film are fabricated and the device performance is analyzed. The short‐channel device with the PTCDI‐C8 wires exhibits a significantly higher switching speed. Thus, the dual‐role approach is a simple and straightforward method for fabricating short‐channel devices, paving the way for further advancements in OFET technology requiring high switching speeds.
Exploring Multi‐Bit Logic In‐Memory with Memristive HfO2‐Based Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Kho Wonwoo , Hwang Hyunjoo , Ahn Seung‐Eon
Published: December 2023

The increasing demand for data movement and energy consumption in physically separate von Neumann architectures, where the processor and memory are distinct entities, highlights the severity of the memory‐wall problem. Thus, memristor‐based logic‐in‐memory (LiM) has garnered significant interest as it is a paradigm that enables both logic and memory functionalities to be performed within a single device. Ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) have the advantages of low energy consumption and high scalability; thus, they are particularly appropriate for use as analog memristors in LiMs. Precise and accurate programming of the analog resistance states in FTJs is essential to achieve an efficient memristor‐based LiM design. However, existing switching models for FTJs cannot completely consider the ferroelectric domain switching, which challenges multi‐bit LiM operations. This particularly applies in cases involving updates from one intermediate resistance state (IRS) to another IRS, such as transitioning from State 01 to 10 in 2‐bit LiM. In this study, a novel phenomenon associated with domain switching is observed in the IRS of an HZO FTJ device and applied it to an LiM implementation. These findings can contribute to the operational accuracy and update rules of not only FTJ‐based LiMs but also other FTJ applications, such as crossbar arrays.
Electrochemical Activation of Ordered Mesoporous Solid Electrolyte Interphases to Enable Ultra‐Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Gu Yuping , Hu Jiulin , Lei Meng , Li Wenbo , Li Chilin
Published: December 2023

In Li metal batteries, the rational construction of artificial solid electrolyte interphase (ASEI) can homogenize the Li‐ion flowing and Li‐mass plating/stripping, and reinforce the mechanical and electrochemical stabilities of electrode–electrolyte interface. Here, an ordered‐mesoporous powder zirconium oxophosphate (ZrOP) is proposed to construct a Li‐ion conductive ASEI by brushing ZrOP on metallic Li. The P‐induced amorphization in ZrOP is expected to accelerate the spontaneous lithiation reaction and promote the generation of P‐contained Li‐ion conductors and LiF domains in ASEI during Li anode cycling. The electrochemical activation of ASEI with promoted ionic conductivity and interconnected porous network is favorable for the homogeneous nucleation and growth of Li metal grains (with ≈10 µm in size), and the suppression of Li dendrites and volume expansion during long‐term Li plating and stripping. The ZrOP‐modified Li symmetric cell enables a long lifespan of over 1600 h at 1 mA cm−2, and the corresponding LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) based full cell displays a stable cycling for at least 300 cycles with a capacity retention of 80% at 1 C. The modified thin Li foil (40 µm in thickness) anode also enables a multilayered pouch cell based on a high‐loading NCM811 cathode with stable cycling and reversible capacity over 1 Ah.
Unraveling the Fast Na Diffusion Kinetics of NASICON at High Voltage via High Entropy for Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad Tayyab , Qiu Daping , Ali Zeeshan , Fang Zhi , Zhao Wanting , Shen Tong , Hou Yanglong
Published: December 2023

Vanadium based sodium superionic conductors (NASICON) have attracted unpreceded attention owing to their high structural stability and excellent Na+ ion diffusion. However, Na4VM(PO4)3 suffer from low‐rate capability and capacity decay at high voltage (≈4.0 V) due to low electronic conductivity and irreversible phase transition of V4+/V5+. Herein, a high entropy Na4VFe0.6Mn0.2Cr0.1(CoMgAl)0.1(PO4)3 (NVFP‐HE) NASICON material is designed, which allows the intrinsic effect of multi‐metal to achieve the excellent rate capability at high voltage, good ionic as well as electronic conductivity. This NVFP‐HE cathode not only delivers a high discharge capacity of 141.98 mAh g−1 at 1C, but also presents an exceptional capacity of 85.77 mAh g−1 at as high as 50C current rate. Additionally, NVFP‐HE can also retain 66.7% of initial capacity after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles at 50C. It is important to highlight that the high entropy mitigates the performance decay that arises from the irreversible phase change at 4 V. Interestingly, NVFP‐HE//HC full cell delivers 81 mAh g−1 at 0.2C. This high entropy effect and its proof of concept can allow to look for unique combinations and rationally designed advanced cathode materials for wide applications.
Excessive mind wandering, rumination, and mindfulness mediate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and anxiety and depression in adults with ADHD
Authors: Kandeğer Ali , Odabaş Ünal Şerife , Ergün Muhammed Tuğrul , Yavuz Ataşlar Emine
Published: December 2023

Background

Persistent mind‐wandering processes are associated with negative emotions; however, mindful states exhibit an anticorrelation with mind‐wandering patterns. The aim of this study is to investigate the mediating role of excessive mind wandering (EMW), rumination, and trait mindfulness between attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and the severity of anxiety/depression in adults with ADHD.

Methods

Medication‐free 159 adults diagnosed with ADHD completed a test battery that included a sociodemographic form as well as the Adult ADHD Severity Rating Scale, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Mind Excessively Wandering Scale, Ruminative Response Scale, and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory after the diagnostic examination according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐5–Clinician Version (SCID‐5).

Results

ADHD symptoms exhibited an indirect, but not a direct, association with the severity of anxiety and depression, mediated by increased excessive mind wandering and rumination, as well as decreased trait mindfulness.

Limitations

This study was carried out within a clinical population using a cross‐sectional design. While diagnostic assessments were conducted using SCID‐5, psychiatric symptoms were evaluated through self‐report measures.

Conclusions

Coping with EMW and rumination and promoting mindfulness ability may be promising targets in treating comorbid conditions in adults with ADHD. These findings have highlighted the effects of mentation processes on depression and anxiety, which are common comorbidities with ADHD in adults; however, longitudinal studies are needed.
Green Synthesis of 3‐Alkylidenefuran‐2‐ones by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of Aryl Iodides with Benzyl Acetylenes in 2‐MeTHF
Authors: Zhan Jianan , Chen Junmin , Wei Li , Cai Mingzhong
Published: December 2023

A novel, highly efficient heterogeneous palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of aryl iodides and benzyl acetylenes has been developed under an atmospheric pressure of CO. The reaction proceeds smoothly in a bioderived solvent 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF) at 50 °C using an MCM‐41‐anchored bidentate phosphine palladium complex [Pd(OAc)2‐MCM‐41‐P,P] as catalyst with DiPEA as base, delivering a wide variety of 3‐alkylidenefuran‐2‐ones in good to excellent yields. The Pd(OAc)2‐MCM‐41‐P,P complex can be easily recovered by a simple centrifugation and recycled more than ten times without any remarkable loss of catalytic activity. The present method not only avoids the use of toxic solvents such as benzene, toluene and THF, but also addresses the key problem of expensive palladium catalyst recovery and recycle, thus preventing palladium contamination in the final product.
Pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 regulates LMO4 expression in psoriatic keratinocytes via AKT/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Tu Zhenzhen , Wei Wei , Xiang Qiantong , Wang Wenwen , Zhang Siping , Zhou Haisheng
Published: December 2023

The transcription factor LIM‐only protein 4 (LMO4) is overexpressed in the psoriatic epidermis and regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. High LMO4 expression levels are induced by interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) to activate the AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is mainly involved in regulating T cell functions and development in patients with psoriasis. However, whether LMO4 expression is regulated by IL‐6 remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the role and molecular mechanisms of IL‐6 in regulating LMO4 expression. The interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels in human plasma were determined using a chemiluminescence immunoassay system. A psoriasis‐like mouse model was established using imiquimod induction. Epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) were cultured in defined keratinocyte‐serum‐free medium and stimulated by IL‐6 alone or with inhibitors. The proteins of interest were detected using western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. The 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay was used to detect cell proliferation. The results revealed that IL‐6 levels were markedly increased in the plasma of patients with psoriasis, compared to healthy control. The high expression of LMO4 was consistent with high levels of IL‐6, p‐AKT, and p‐STAT3 in the lesions of both psoriasis patients and imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like mice. IL‐6 activates the AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway, followed by LMO4 high‐expression in HaCaT cells. IL‐6 induces HaCaT proliferation and differentiation via AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway activation. We think that the high expression of LMO4 in psoriatic keratinocytes requires IL‐6 to activate the AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway and leads to epidermal keratinocytes abnormal proliferation and differentiation.
Hyperglycemia disrupted the integrity of the blood‐brain barrier following diffuse axonal injury through the sEH/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Wei Xing , Xing Zhiguo , Huang Tingqin , Zhang Ming , Song Jinning , Zhao Yonglin
Published: December 2023

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the role of soluble epoxide hydrolase for hyperglycemia induced‐disruption of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity after diffuse axonal injury (DAI).

Methods

Rat DAI hyperglycemia model was established by a lateral head rotation device and intraperitoneal injection of 50% glucose. Glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule‐1, β‐amyloid precursor protein, neurofilament light chain, and neurofilament heavy chain was detected by immunohistochemistry. Cell apoptosis was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The permeability of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) was assessed by expression of tight junction proteins, leakage of Evans blue and brain water content. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathway was inhibited by 1‐trifluoromethoxyphenyl‐3‐(1‐propionylpiperidin‐4‐yl) urea (TPPU) and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway was inhibited by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and activated by phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate in vivo and/or vitro, respectively. The inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Hyperglycemia could exacerbate axonal injury, aggravate cell apoptosis and glial activation, worsen the loss of BBB integrity, increase the release of inflammatory factors, and upregulate the expression of sEH and NF‐κB. Inhibition of sEH could reverse all these damages and protect BBB integrity by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins and downregulating the levels of inflammatory factors in vivo and vitro, while the agonist of NF‐κB pathway abrogated the protective effects of TPPU on BBB integrity in vitro.

Conclusions

sEH was involved in mediating axonal injury induced by hyperglycemia after DAI by disrupting BBB integrity through inducing inflammation via the NF‐κB pathway.
Upregulation of IFNE in cervical biopsies of patients with high‐risk human papillomavirus infections
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhou Yuechen , Xing Xiaoyan , Li Hua , Zhang Zhan , Qian Ruiya , Hu Xiaoyu
Published: December 2023

Problem

Interferon epsilon (IFN‐ε) is constitutively expressed in the epithelium of female reproductive tract and confers vital protection against sexually transmitted pathogens in mouse models. However, there is limited insight into the role of IFN‐ε in human sexually transmitted infections such as human papillomavirus (HPV).

Method of Study

Cervical biopsies were obtained from high‐risk (HR) HPV positive (n = 28) and HR‐HPV negative (n = 10) women. mRNA expression of IFN‐ε in cervical tissues was measured by qPCR. Expression of the IFN‐ε protein was determined by Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining.

Results

mRNA expression of IFN‐ε was higher in the ectocervix than that of other IFNs, and was further upregulated in HR‐HPV positive women compared with HR‐HPV negative women. Expression of the IFN‐ε protein was comparable between HR‐HPV infected patients and healthy controls.

Conclusions

These results reveal differential expression of IFN‐ε mRNA between individuals with or without HR‐HPV infection, and imply direct or indirect regulatory mechanisms for IFN‐ε transcription by HPV. Expression of IFN‐ε protein in HPV infections would require further validation.
Effect of a brief alcohol counselling intervention on HIV viral suppression and alcohol use among persons with HIV and unhealthy alcohol use in Uganda and Kenya: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Puryear Sarah B. , Mwangwa Florence , Opel Fred , Chamie Gabriel , Balzer Laura B. , Kabami Jane , Ayieko James , Owaraganise Asiphas , Kakande Elijah , Agengo George , Bukusi Elizabeth , Kabageni Stella , Omoding Daniel , Bacon Melanie , Schrom John , Woolf‐King Sarah , Petersen Maya L. , Havlir Diane V. , Kamya Moses , Hahn Judith A.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Unhealthy alcohol use significantly contributes to viral non‐suppression among persons with HIV (PWH). It is unknown whether brief behavioural interventions to reduce alcohol use can improve viral suppression among PWH with unhealthy alcohol use in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods

As part of the SEARCH study (NCT04810650), we conducted an individually randomized trial in Kenya and Uganda of a brief, skills‐based alcohol intervention among PWH with self‐reported unhealthy alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption [AUDIT‐C], prior 3 months, ≥3/female; ≥4/male) and at risk of viral non‐suppression, defined as either recent HIV viral non‐suppression (≥400 copies/ml), missed visits, out of care or new diagnosis. The intervention included baseline and 3‐month in‐person counselling sessions with interim booster phone calls every 3 weeks. The primary outcome was HIV viral suppression (<400 copies/ml) at 24 weeks, and the secondary outcome was unhealthy alcohol use, defined by AUDIT‐C or phosphatidylethanol (PEth), an alcohol biomarker, ≥50 ng/ml at 24 weeks.

Results

Between April and September 2021, 401 persons (198 intervention, 203 control) were enrolled from HIV clinics in Uganda (58%) and Kenya (27%) and alcohol‐serving venues in Kenya (15%). At baseline, 60% were virally suppressed. Viral suppression did not differ between arms at 24 weeks: suppression was 83% in intervention and 82% in control arms (RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.93–1.1). Among PWH with baseline viral non‐suppression, 24‐week suppression was 73% in intervention and 64% in control arms (RR 1.15, 95% CI: 0.93–1.43). Unhealthy alcohol use declined from 98% at baseline to 73% in intervention and 84% in control arms at 24 weeks (RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79–0.94). Effects on unhealthy alcohol use were stronger among women (RR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.56–0.88) than men (RR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85–1.01) and among participants with a baseline PEth⩽200 ng/ml (RR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53–0.87) versus >200 ng/ml (RR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92–1.02).

Conclusions

In a randomized trial of 401 PWH with unhealthy alcohol use and risk for viral non‐suppression, a brief alcohol intervention reduced unhealthy alcohol use but did not affect viral suppression at 24 weeks. Brief alcohol interventions have the potential to improve the health of PWH in SSA by reducing alcohol use, a significant driver of HIV‐associated co‐morbidities.
Determination of compounds with laxative action in aloe latex and aloe vera‐based products—Chemometric classification of aloe vera plants (Aloe barbadensis Miller) under different conditions
Authors: Ioannou Georgia D. , Christou Atalanti , Stavrou Ioannis J. , Kapnissi‐Christodoulou Constantina P.
Published: December 2023

Background

The bioactive compounds of latex in aloe vera are associated with several of its medicinal properties. Aloe emodin, aloins A and B, which are present in aloe latex, are known for their laxative action.

Results

The developed HPLC method for the determination of compounds with purgative effect was performed with a C18 column, and the total analysis time was 22 min. Each leaf from the plants was studied separately for its content in aloins. It was observed that, in contrast with field cultivation plants, the concentrations of aloins in potted plants follow a specific pattern based on the position of the leaves. It was also observed that climatic and environmental conditions have a significant impact on the concentrations of aloins. Principal Component Analysis was performed to evaluate correlations among measurements. The model was able to separate the aloe plants based on their seasonal variation and growing conditions. Finally, it was observed that, in only two out of thirteen products, aloins were present, with the total content exceeding the maximum levels set by EU legislation.

Conclusion

The present work provides useful information for the aloins variation among leaves in different positions and plants under various conditions.
CO2 laser deroofing technique: A robust and effective treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa regardless of comorbidities (a retrospective study of 334 lesions in 130 treated patients)
Authors: Schøsler Louise , Hedelund Lene , Rasmussen Mads K.
Published: December 2023

Background

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects the terminal hair follicles in areas rich in apocrine glands. The condition most commonly manifests in the axillae, inframammary areas and genitofemoral region. Prevalence rates range between 1% and 4%. The management of HS encompasses both medical and surgical treatments, with surgical options including wide excision and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser‐assisted deroofing.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to characterize patients with HS and to evaluate the efficacy of CO2 laser‐assisted deroofing technique in the treatment of chronic HS lesions with a particular focus on recurrence rates.

Methods

This retrospective study included a cohort of 130 Danish patients treated at the Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, over a 4‐year period. All participants met the established criteria for HS and were treated using the deroofing technique. Data were manually extracted from the electronic patient record and subjected to statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel 2016 and STATA version 15. Kaplan−Meier survival curves were generated, and comparisons were made using the Log‐rank test.

Results

A total of 334 lesions were treated using the deroofing technique; 15.4% had Hurley stage I, 56.9% had Hurley stage II and 27.7% Hurley stage III. Recurrence was seen in 59 of 334 lesions (17.7%), affecting a total of 47 patients. Risk of recurrence was highest during the first 20 months.

Conclusions

This study confirms that CO2 laser deroofing is an effective treatment for chronic HS elements, demonstrating a low recurrence rate. Results showed that factors such as age, sex, diabetes, smoking habits, location of the treated area and lesion size did not significantly influence the risk of recurrence. However, patients with a body mass index greater than 25 showed a borderline significant increased risk of recurrence. The deroofing technique is robust and serves as an important tool in the surgeon's armamentarium.
Cryoprotectants for red blood cells: Evaluate safety and effectiveness by in vitro measures
Authors: Hu Yuying , Liu Xiangjian , Ahmad AKhlaq , Chen Jiangming , Chen Xiaoxiao , Zhang Wenqian , Tan Songwen
Published: December 2023

The transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) is crucial in current medicinal research. The shelf‐life of donated RBCs preserved by the normal method is very short, limiting their clinical application. Cryopreservation is a reliable and effective technology for the long‐term storage of RBCs. During the process, ice formation will cause irreversible injuries to RBCs. Glycerol is used as a cryoprotectant (CPA) for RBCs to mitigate cryoinjuries. But it severely induces RBC hemolysis and deformation. This review introduces some biocompatible and effective CPAs used for RBC cryopreservation, outlining recent advances. Currently, there is no uniform standard to determine whether a CPA is suitable for RBCs. According to previous studies, we summarize for the first time comprehensive methods to evaluate the performance of CPAs by ensuring their safety and effectiveness. The safety of CPAs is defined as the degree of damage to RBCs, while the effectiveness is demonstrated by the properties of thawed RBCs, including membrane properties, protein activities, rheological properties, and metabolites levels. A novel CPA that is confirmed suitable for RBCs by these methods may be applied to other cells. We believe comprehensive methods can thoroughly evaluate the performance of CPAs and promote the development of transfusion therapy in clinic.
Non‐invasive experiments on the fluid film behavior in a horizontal rotating cylinder
Authors: Sommer Oliver , la Monaca Andrea , Bretschneider Eric , Wozniak Günter
Published: December 2023

Subject of our investigations is the spatial distribution of a Newtonian liquid within a partially filled horizontal rotating hollow cylinder in dependence of the variables angular velocity and angular acceleration, cylinder filling and cylinder geometry as well as viscosity of the liquid. We focus on the development of a thin liquid film at the inner cylinder wall. The layer thickness was measured using a non‐invasive laser‐induced fluorescence measurement technique. In addition, the liquid distribution and flow topologies were observed and described using optical measurements.The occurring liquid distributions can be distinguished in three different states. At low angular velocities most of the liquid is located at the bottom area of the cylinder. However, a thin liquid film is always pulled out of the reservoir from the rotating cylinder wall. With increasing angular velocity more and more liquid is deflected and the locally measured film thickness increases. Exceeding a critical angular velocity, a centrifuged distribution of the whole liquid establishes. In this state the measured film thickness fits the theoretical calculated value quite well. Very complex liquid distributions and flow patterns develop in particular at critical angular velocities. In detail, at all investigated cylinder systems two critical angular velocities were verifiable, the so‐called transition points of liquid distribution. At the first critical velocity, the centrifuged state develops. With deceleration of the system a second critical angular velocity exists. Below this value the centrifuged distribution of the liquid collapses and moves back again to the bottom of the cylinder. A thin film is still pulled out of this reservoir. The second critical angular velocity of the break down is always smaller compared to the first one at which the centrifuged state develops. Both of them can be influenced using the investigated parameters. Eventually, we show that the locally measured film thickness also depends on these parameters.
Treatment‐induced neuropathy of diabetes: an update
Authors: Quiroz‐Aldave Juan Eduardo , Concepción‐Zavaleta Marcio José , del Carmen Durand‐Vásquez María , Gamarra‐Osorio Elman Rolando , Alcalá‐Mendoza Rosa María , Puelles‐León Susan Luciana , Ildefonso‐Najarro Sofía , Concepción‐Urteaga Luis Alberto , Gonzáles‐Mendoza Jorge Estanislao , Paz‐Ibarra José
Published: December 2023

Background and aims: Treatment‐induced neuropathy of diabetes is an acute small‐fibre neuropathy associated with rapid glycaemia improvement.

Methods: This study is a narrative review carried out based on a bibliographic review, using articles indexed in PubMed/Medline and Scielo.

Results: This entity is more frequent in adult patients with poor previous glycaemic control. Its precise pathophysiology is unknown, but it is likely related to unrestored microcirculation changes that occurred during the hyperglycaemic period. It presents with intense, sudden neuropathic pain and autonomic dysfunction after a rapid glycaemic correction and a poorer analgesic response than in diabetic neuropathy.

Conclusions: Since rapid glycaemia correction is the cause of this problem, clinical practice guidelines that can help physicians to prevent, diagnose and manage this entity should be developed. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Teachers' needs for an FASD‐informed resource: A qualitative interview needs assessment based on the ADAPT‐ITT framework
Authors: Kautz‐Turnbull Carson , Speybroeck Emily , Rockhold Madeline , Petrenko Christie L. M.
Published: December 2023

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) represent a wide range of neurodevelopmental differences associated with prenatal alcohol exposure and are highly prevalent. The current study represents the initial stages in adapting the Families Moving Forward (FMF) Program, an evidence‐based behavioral consultation intervention for caregivers of children with FASD, to a website for teachers. Aims were to understand teachers' needs and preferences for an FASD‐informed intervention website and to assess the goodness of fit of the FMF Program to teachers and the school setting. Twenty‐three teachers with experience teaching students with FASD were interviewed. Interviews were conducted via Zoom and lasted about 53 min on average. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis in Dedoose. Three overarching themes represented teachers' needs for an FASD‐informed resource: teachers need evidence‐based FASD information and strategies, teachers have very little extra time, and the needs of special and general education teachers vary. Teachers were positive about the concepts of the FMF Program and felt they would have good fit. Teachers need an evidence‐based FASD‐informed intervention that is easy to use, concise, and responsive to varying needs and levels of experience. Results will inform the adaptation process of the FMF Program.
From Short‐ to Long‐Range Chiral Recognition on Surfaces: Chiral Assembly and Synthesis
Authors: Peng Xinchen , Zhang Yinhui , Liu Xinbang , Qian Yinyue , Ouyang Zuoling , Kong Huihui
Published: December 2023

Research on chiral behaviors of small organic molecules at solid surfaces, including chiral assembly and synthesis, can not only help unravel the origin of the chiral phenomenon in biological/chemical systems but also provide promising strategies to build up unprecedented chiral surfaces or nanoarchitectures with advanced applications in novel nanomaterials/nanodevices. Understanding how molecular chirality is recognized is considered to be a mandatory basis for such studies. In this review, a series of recent studies in chiral assembly and synthesis at well‐defined metal surfaces under ultra‐high vacuum conditions are outlined. More importantly, the intrinsic mechanisms of chiral recognition are highlighted, including short/long‐range chiral recognition in chiral assembly and two main strategies to steer the reaction pathways and modulate selective synthesis of specific chiral products on surfaces.
Modulating Electronic Structure and Atomic Insights into the Novel Hierarchically Porous PdCuFe Trimetallic Alloy Aerogel for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Liu Liu , Yuan Ke , Shao Yitian , Shen Xiaodong , Cui Sheng , Chen Xiangbao
Published: December 2023

The high cost of noble Pd/Pt required for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the cathode restricts the wide applications of fuel cells. In this study, the synthesis of a novel Pd3CuFe0.5 aerogel electrocatalyst is successfully demonstrated using self‐assembly and lyophilization techniques, employing a mild reducing agent. The resulting aerogel electrocatalyst exhibits a distinctive 3D network structure, possessing a substantial BET‐specific surface area of 75.19 m2 g−1. It is worth noting that the optimized Pd3CuFe0.5 aerogel demonstrates exceptional ORR performance with a high half‐wave potential of 0.92 V versus RHE, a significant limiting current density of 7.6 mA cm−2, and the excellent electrocatalytic stability, superior to the reported noble metal electrocatalysts, with the ORR activity decays only 4.9% after 16 000 s. In addition, the Pd3CuFe0.5 aerogel electrocatalyst shows superior cycling stability for ≈120 h at a charge/discharge current density of 10 mA cm−2, indicating its promising application in fuel cells. Furthermore, the resulting composite aerogel possesses excellent hydrogen evolution reaction and ethanol oxidation reaction activity. The density functional theory calculations show that the partial oxidation of Pd3CuFe0.5 aerogel leads to a negative shift of the d‐band center, which energetically optimizes the binding strength of *O intermediates, therefore accelerating the ORR activity.
In Situ Interfacial Engineering of CeO2/Bi2WO6 Heterojunction with Improved Photodegradation of Tetracycline and Organic Dyes: Mechanism Insight and Toxicity Assessment
Authors: Chen Qian , Ning Shunyan , Yang Jingren , Wang Longfei , Yin Xiangbiao , Wang Xinpeng , Wei Yuezhou , Zeng Deqian
Published: December 2023

The construction of heterojunction photocatalysts is an auspicious approach for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of wastewater treatment. Here, a novel CeO2/Bi2WO6 heterojunction is synthesized using an in situ liquid‐phase method. The optimal 15% CeO2/Bi2WO6 (CBW‐15) is found to have the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving a degradation efficiency of 99.21% for tetracycline (TC), 98.43% for Rhodamine B (RhB), and 94.03% for methylene blue (MB). The TC removal rate remained at 95.38% even after five cycles. Through active species capture experiments, •O2−, h+, and •OH are the main active substances for TC, RhB, and MB, respectively. The possible degradation pathways for TC are analyzed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). The photoinduced charge transfer and possible degradation mechanisms are proposed through experimentation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Toxicity assessment experiments show a significant reduction in toxicity during the TC degradation process. This study uncovers the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation in CeO2/Bi2WO6 and provides new insights into toxicity assessment.
All Plant‐Based Compact Supercapacitor in Living Plants
Authors: Gao Chang , Gu Yuyang , Liu Qing , Lin Weihu , Zhang Bin , Lin Xiangyun , Wang Haozhen , Zhao Yang , Qu Liangti
Published: December 2023

Biomass‐based energy storage devices (BESDs) have drawn much attention to substitute traditional electronic devices based on petroleum or synthetic chemical materials for the advantages of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low cost. However, most of the BESDs are almost made of reconstructed plant materials and exogenous chemical additives which constrain the autonomous and widespread advantages of living plants. Herein, an all‐plant‐based compact supercapacitor (APCSC) without any nonhomologous additives is reported. This type of supercapacitor formed within living plants acts as a form of electronic plant (e‐plant) by using its tissue fluid electrolyte, which surprisingly presents a satisfying electrical capacitance of 182.5 mF cm−2, higher than those of biomass‐based micro‐supercapacitors reported previously. In addition, all constituents of the device come from the same plant, effectively avoid biologically incompatible with other extraneous substances, and almost do no harm to the growth of plant. This e‐plant can not only be constructed in aloe, but also be built in most of succulents, such as cactus in desert, offering timely electricity supply to people in extreme conditions. It is believed that this work will enrich the applications of electronic plants, and shed light on smart botany, forestry, and agriculture.
Vacancy‐Rich Bismuth‐Based Nanosheets for Mitochondrial Destruction via CO Poisoning, Ca2+ Dyshomeostasis, and Oxidative Damage
Authors: Zhao Yinmin , Wang Xiaoqin , He Mengting , Zeng Guicheng , Xu Zhigang , Zhang Lei , Kang Yuejun , Xue Peng
Published: December 2023

Mitochondria are core regulators of tumor cell homeostasis, and their damage has become an arresting therapeutic modality against cancer. Despite the development of many mitochondrial‐targeted pharmaceutical agents, the exploration of more powerful and multifunctional medications is still underway. Herein, oxygen vacancy‐rich BiO2‐x wrapped with CaCO3 (named BiO2‐x@CaCO3/PEG, BCP) is developed for full‐fledged attack on mitochondrial function. After endocytosis of BCP by tumor cells, the CaCO3 shell can be decomposed in the acidic lysosomal compartment, leading to immediate Ca2+ release and CO2 production in the cytoplasm. Near‐infrared irradiation enhances the adsorption of CO2 onto BiO2‐x defects, which enables highly efficient photocatalysis of CO2‐to‐CO. Meanwhile, such BiO2‐x nanosheets possess catalase‐, peroxidase‐ and oxidase‐like catalytic activities under acidic pH conditions, allowing hypoxia relief and the accumulation of diverse reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumor microenvironment. Ca2+ overload‐induced ion dyshomeostasis, CO‐mediated respiratory chain poisoning, ROS‐triggered oxidative stress aggravation, and cytosolic hyperoxia can cause severe mitochondrial disorders, which further lead to type I cell death in carcinoma. Not only does BCP cause irreversible apoptosis, but immunogenic cell death is simultaneously triggered to activate antitumor immunity for metastasis inhibition. Collectively, this platform promises high benefits in malignant tumor therapy and may expand the medical applications of bismuth‐based nanoagents.
Mesoporous Nickel Sulfide Microsphere Encapsulated in Nitrogen, Sulfur Dual‐Doped Carbon with Large Subsurface Region for Enhanced Sodium Storage
Authors: Zhu Huijuan , Liu Qiming , Cao Shiyue , Chen Hongyi , Liu Yirui
Published: December 2023

Nickel sulfides are promising anode candidates in sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to high capacity and abundant reserves. However, their applications are restricted by poor cycling stability and slow reaction kinetics. Thus, mesoporous nickel sulfide microsphere encapsulated in nitrogen, sulfur dual‐doped carbon (MNS@NSC) is prepared. The packaged structure and carbon matrix restrain the volume variation together, the N, S dual‐doping improves the electronic conductivity and offers extra active sites for sodium storage. Ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction  appeals copper collector adsorbs polysulfide to inhibit the polysulfide accumulation and enhance conductivity. Moreover, the large subsurface attributed to C‐S‐S‐C bonding further boosts pseudocapacitive capacity, conducive to charge transfer. As a result, MNS@NSC delivers a high reversible capacity of 640.2 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, an excellent rate capability (569.8 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and a remained capacity of 513.8 mAh g−1 after undergoing 10000 circulations at 10 A g−1. The MNS@NSC|| Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell shows a cycling performance of specific capacity of 230.8 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work puts forward a valid strategy of combing structural design and heteroatom doping to synthesize high‐performance nickel sulfide materials in SIBs.
Fluorine‐Free MXenes: Recent Advances, Synthesis Strategies, and Mechanisms
Authors: Kumar Sunil
Published: December 2023

MXenes, an exceptional class of 2D materials, possess high conductivity, adaptable surface chemistry, mechanical strength, and tunable bandgaps, making them attractive for diverse applications. Unlocking the potential of MXenes requires precise control over synthesis methods and surface functionality. Conventionally, fluorine‐based etchants are used in MXenes synthesis, posing both environmental concerns and alterations to surface properties, along with the introduction of certain defects. This prompts the exploration of innovative fluorine‐free strategies for MXenes synthesis. This review focuses on environmentally friendly, fluorine‐free techniques for MXene synthesis, emphasizing mechanisms and recent breakthroughs in alternative etching strategies. The comprehensive coverage includes electrochemical etching, Lewis acid‐driven molten salt etching, alkaline/hydrothermal techniques, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and recent innovative methods. Fluorine‐free MXenes synthesis yields terminations such as ─O, ─OH, ─Cl, etc., influencing surface chemistry and improving their properties. The presence of ─OH groups in NaOH etched MXenes boosts their energy storage, while ─Cl functionality from Lewis acidic salts optimizes electrochemical performance. Fluorine‐free methods mitigate adverse effects of ─F terminations on MXene conductivity, improving electronic properties and broadening their applications. In addition to traditional approaches, this review delves into novel fluorine‐free methods for tailoring MXenes properties. It comprehensively addresses challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in fluorine‐free MXenes.
Injectable and Microporous Microgel‐Fiber Granular Hydrogel Loaded with Bioglass and siRNA for Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Li Ying , Song Wei , Kong Lingzhi , He Yaohua , Li Haiyan
Published: December 2023

Injectable hydrogels find extensive application in the treatment of diabetic wound healing. However, traditional bulk hydrogels are significantly limited due to their nano‐porous structure, which obstructs cell migration and tissue infiltration. Moreover, regulating inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase ‐9 (MMP‐9) expression in diabetic wounds is crucial for enhancing wound healing. This study marks the first instance of introducing an efficient, scalable, and simple method for producing microfiber‐gel granules encapsulating bioceramics powders. Utilizing this method, an injectable microporous granular microgel‐fiber hydrogel (MFgel) is successfully developed by assembling microgel‐fibers made from hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (SA) loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and bioglass (BG) particles. Compared to traditional hydrogels (Tgel), MFgel possesses a highly interconnected network with micron‐sized pores, demonstrating favorable properties for cell adhesion and penetration in in vitro experiments. Additionally, MFgel exhibits a higher compressive modulus and superior mechanical stability. When implanted subcutaneously in mice, MFgel promotes cellular and tissue infiltration, facilitating cell proliferation. Furthermore, when applied to skin defects in diabetic rats, MFgel not only effectively regulates inflammation and suppresses MMP‐9 expression but also enhances angiogenesis and collagen deposition, thereby significantly accelerating diabetic wound healing. Taken together, this hydrogel possesses great potential in diabetic wound healing applications.
Flexural and cracking behavior of corroded RC continuous beams strengthened with energized C‐FRCM system
Authors: Feng Ran , Tang Jing‐Pu , Liu Panpan , Wang Fangying , Zeng Jun‐Jie , Zhu Ji‐Hua
Published: December 2023

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the flexural and cracking behavior of corroded reinforced concrete continuous beams with 11‐month wet–dry cycles strengthened by anodic polarized carbon‐fabric‐reinforced cementitious matrix (C‐FRCM) plates. The failure modes and flexural bearing capacities were discussed. The influences of the layer of carbon fabric mesh and complete carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) wrapping as end anchorage on the strengthening effectiveness were explored. The complete crack development patterns were captured by a digital image correlation system, and the results showed that the C‐FRCM system can provide satisfactory crack width control, as proved by the reduced crack spacing and the maximum crack width. The flexural capacities of the strengthened beams were effectively enhanced and the debonding failure can be eliminated through complete CFRP wrappings. Moreover, the design recommendations were proposed based on the estimation of the crack development as per related design guidelines.
The Six Ways to Build Trust and Reduce Privacy Concern in a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)
Authors: Zarifis Alex , Cheng Xusen
Published: December 2023

A Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) can offer several benefits for governments and citizens such as faster transactions at a lower cost, and richer information on consumers’ behaviour. It is important however that the consumer’s perspective on the adoption of CBDCs is not neglected. A CBDC needs consumers to trust and use it, to avoid either a complete failure, or a partial failure. A partial failure may lead to CBDCs being one of two parallel systems’ consumers use. This research uses a survey analysed by structural equation modelling to identify the six ways to build trust in a CBDC so it can be successfully adopted and used extensively: (1) Trust must be built in the government and the central bank issuing a CBDC, (2) expressed guarantees for the user of a CBDC must be provided, (3) the positive reputation of existing CBDCs active elsewhere must be utilized, (4) the automation and reduced human involvement achieved by a CBDC technology can be helpful, (5) specific trust building functionality of a CBDC can be utilized, and (6) specific privacy features of the CBDC wallet app and back-end processes such as anonymity can be beneficial.
Comparison of the agar contact method and the wet-dry double swabbing method for determining the total viable bacterial count on pig carcass surfaces
Authors: Fürstenberg Roland , Meemken Diana , Langforth Susann , Grosse-Kleimann Julia , Kreienbrock Lothar , Langkabel Nina
Published: December 2023

A practical and representative sampling method for microbiological examination of the slaughter process is useful for identifying abattoir-specific risk factors within the pig slaughter line. The aim of this study was to examine the suitability of an agar contact method (ACM), where the agar was homogenized before the microbiological processing, in comparison with the wet-dry double swabbing method (WDSM) for quantitative determination of total viable counts (TVC) on pig skin surfaces. In our experimental trial, pig skin pieces were artificially contaminated at 2 levels (3 log and 7 log cfu/ml) with a suspension of bacteria species commonly found on pig skin and cultivated in vitro. Within our field trial, pig carcasses were investigated at pre-chilling in an abattoir under standard processing conditions. For both sampling methods, TVC was determined, and statistical equivalence tests were calculated. Linear regression models showed the similarity of the sampling methods, with coefficient of determination (R2) > 90% and slope parameters of nearly 1 for both trials separately. Statistically significant equivalence between the 2 sampling methods was proven in both trials (with p < 0.0001 within an equivalence range of ± 0.5 log cfu/ml, respectively). The field trial revealed TVC on carcass surfaces sometimes at or below the lower detection limit for the ACM, while TVC from all carcasses were able to be determined by WDSM. Overall, low contamination levels were less reliably detectable by ACM than by WDSM. The ACM can be seen as an additional and suitable sampling procedure for pig skin and can contribute to the identification of abattoir specific risk factors for investigations of the hygienic status at process stages along the pig slaughter line.