bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Textiles Enabled by Simultaneous Interaction with Infrared and Microwave Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Wang Jie , Hu Qiao , Huang Jinhua , Li Jia , Lu Yuehui , Liang Tongxiang , Shen Bin , Zheng Wenge , Song Weijie
Published: February 2022

Conventional textiles keep the body warm and provide an aesthetic appearance for human beings, while they are insufficient for military and civil applications in harsh environments. Multifunctional textiles that are capable of creating infrared (IR) camouflage, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and personal warming by interacting with both IR and microwave electromagnetic waves (EMWs) are developed. The inorganic–organic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Ag/PTFE (IO‐PAP) building blocks are deposited on the polyurethane (PU)‐coated textiles using an eco‐friendly magnetron sputtering technique, where a smooth and durable Ag layer is grown, circumventing the large roughness and less connection between fibers in conventional textiles. Using the IO‐PAP building blocks, the ultralow IR emissivity and the ultrahigh microwave reflectance are achieved for effective IR camouflage and EMI shielding, respectively, together with satisfactory mechanical robustness. The EMI shielding effectiveness is further improved to 73 dB through employing a Fabry–Pérot‐based double‐sided PAP (D‐PAP) architecture. The D‐PAP‐coated textiles also exhibit personal warming, increasing the skin temperature by 2.7 °C compared with conventional cotton through reflecting thermal radiation of human bodies and mitigating radiative heat loss from textiles. This work will inspire the ultra‐band EMW engineering of textiles for realizing advanced functionalities in a way of eco‐friendly and scalable manufacture.
Recent Progress and Challenges in Plasmon‐Mediated Reduction of CO2 to Chemicals and Fuels
Authors: Mittal Diksha , Ahlawat Monika , Govind Rao Vishal
Published: February 2022

The realization of the strong interaction of plasmonic nanostructures with electromagnetic radiation, subdiffraction‐limit field localization, and unusually high field enhancement enables immense opportunities to harness visible light in the field of photocatalysis. Plasmon‐induced energetic charge carriers allow the metal nanostructures to catalyze surface reactions with selective pathways that are rather a holy grail of thermal catalysis. An intriguing application of plasmonic photocatalysis includes sequestration of atmospheric CO2 by its conversion into value‐added chemical fuels, thus mimicking the process of natural photosynthesis and addressing the problem of rising global warming and energy demands. In this regard, plasmonic photocatalysts circumvent the fallacy of conventional semiconductor photocatalysts to harvest visible light and modulate the CO2 reduction reaction pathways to attain selectivity. This review discusses the primary concepts of plasmonic catalysis, emphasizing the recent developments to tackle the obstacles present in achieving efficient and selective CO2 reduction by exploring various multicomponent plasmonic nanostructures that can extract maximum energy to perform a function. Some of the challenges that need more attention to optimize productivity are addressed and an outlook for future avenues in this field is provided.
2,7‐Substituted N‐Carbazole Donors on Tris(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl Radicals with High Quantum Yield
Authors: Chen Lisa , Arnold Mona , Kittel Yonca , Blinder Rémi , Jelezko Fedor , Kuehne Alexander J. C.
Published: February 2022

Doublet spin properties of organic open‐shell luminophores evade the formation of dark triplet states, thus making radicals favorable emitters for next generation organic light‐emitting diodes. However, their poor photostability and mediocre photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) limit their application. In this work, two series of trityl radicals functionalized with one, two, and three 2,7‐disubstituted carbazole units are presented. The authors either attach nitriles or bromines as electron‐withdrawing 2,7‐substituents. The resulting radical emitters exhibit outstanding optical properties. The electron‐withdrawing properties of the substituents lead to a blue‐shift of the emission, indicating a starting point for future emission engineering into the green spectrum. Due to the 2,7‐substitution of the carbazole moiety, the radical emitters are sterically more hindered than the commonly used 3,6‐substituted carbazoles. This steric hindrance reduces non‐radiative decay pathways in the molecules, enhancing photostability and pushing PLQYs up to 87%. Quantum mechanical calculations elucidate the influence of the electron withdrawing substituents on the optical performance of the open‐shell molecules. The authors also show that intensity borrowing from higher lying locally excited states contributes to these exceptionally high PLQYs.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Regioselective C−H Annulation and Alkenylation of 2‐Pyridones with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Li Jiajie , Xu Xin , Luo Zhenli , Yao Zhen , Yang Ji , Zhang Xin , Xu Lijin , Wang Peng , Shi Qian
Published: February 2022

Cp*Rh(III)‐catalyzed regioselective C−H annulation and alkenylation of 2‐pyridones with terminal alkynes have been developed. The cationic Cp*Rh(III) catalytic system containing FeCl3 additive enables annulation of 1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2‐pyridones with terminal alkynes, providing efficient access to 5,7‐diarylated 2‐quinolinones. The reaction pathway can be switched to alkenylation with [Cp*RhCl2]2 as the catalyst, NaOAc as the additive and HOAc as the solvent, affording C6‐alkenylated 1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2‐pyridones in high yields. These protocols accommodate a wide range of substrates with good functional group compatibility.

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Gold‐ and Brønsted Acid‐Catalysed Deacyloxylative Cycloaromatisation of 1,6‐Diyne Esters to 11H‐Benzo[a]fluorenes and 13H‐Indeno[1,2‐l]phenanthrenes
Authors: Baratay Corentin Antoine , Li Wenhai , Mathiew Mitch , Yu Lei , Kyne Sara Helen , Rao Weidong , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: February 2022

A synthetic method to prepare 11H‐benzo[a]fluorenes and 13H‐indeno[1,2‐l]phenanthrenes that relies on the gold(I)‐ and Brønsted acid‐mediated deacyloxylative cycloaromatisation of 1,6‐diyne esters under reaction conditions that did not require the exclusion of moisture or air is described. The reaction mechanism was delineated to involve an initial gold(I)‐catalysed 1,2‐acyloxy migration and 5‐exo‐trig cyclisation pathway. This was followed by 1,5‐enyne rearrangement and Brønsted acid‐assisted deacyloxylative aromatisation to give the polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) product.

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Effective Combination Immunotherapy through Vessel Normalization Using a Cancer‐Targeting Antiangiogenic Peptide–Antibody Hybrid
Authors: Yu Byeongjun , Yoo Dohyun , Kim Ki Hyun , Kim Tae Woo , Park Seho , Kim Yujin , Son Youngju , Kim Jinjoo , Noh Ilkoo , Whang Chang‐Hee , Chung Junho , Jon Sangyong
Published: February 2022

Although cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has changed the paradigm for treating patients with certain cancers, its therapeutic benefits are limited to approximately one‐fourth of patients, highlighting the potential for combining immunotherapy with another therapeutic modality. Here, a treatment regimen that combines a cancer‐targeting antiangiogenic agent that inhibits angiogenesis within the tumor and ICB to improve therapeutic outcome is reported. The cancer‐targeting antiangiogenic modality is constructed as a hybrid complex, designated HyPEPEDB‐VEGF, comprising a cotinine‐labeled bispecific peptide targeting both extra domain B of fibronectin (EDB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and an anticotinine antibody (Abcot). The resulting HyPEPEDB‐VEGF specifically bound to EDB‐overexpressing CT26 murine colorectal cancer cells and inhibited VEGF‐induced proliferation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Upon intraperitoneal injection, HyPEPEDB‐VEGF preferentially accumulates in CT26 syngeneic tumors and inhibits tumor growth in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the combination of HyPEPEDB‐VEGF with an anti‐PD‐1 antibody (αPD‐1) in conjunction with dose optimization of the two modalities leads to substantial inhibition of tumor growth without loss of body weight due to vascular normalization within the tumor. These findings suggest that the combination of cancer‐specific antiangiogenic therapy using HyPEPEDB‐VEGF together with ICB may be a feasible approach for effective cancer therapy.
YAP Dictates Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis to Facilitate Obesity‐Associated Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Dai Jia‐Zih , Wang Yen‐Ju , Chen Cheng‐Hsun , Tsai I‐Lin , Chao Yi‐Chun , Lin Cheng‐Wei
Published: February 2022

Dysregulation of hormones is considered a risk factor for obesity‐mediated breast tumorigenesis; however, obesity is associated with poor outcomes among women diagnosed with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is a hormone‐independent breast cancer subtype. Thus, identifying the driving force behind the obesity‐breast cancer relationship is an urgent need. Here it is identified that diet‐induced obesity (DIO) facilitates tumorigenesis of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, DIO induces a metabolic addiction to fatty acid oxidation (FAO), accompanied by coordinated activation of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) signaling. Specifically, YAP governs mitochondrial redox homeostasis via transcriptional regulation of antioxidant‐related enzymes, which renders tumor cells capable of extenuating FAO‐elicited mitochondrial oxidative stress. Moreover, adipocytes‐derived fatty acids are identified to be responsible for enhancing the FAO‐YAP axis and antioxidative capacity, and higher expression of an obesity signature in breast cancer patients is positively correlated with YAP signaling and antioxidant genes. The findings uncover the crucial role of YAP in dictating mitochondrial redox homeostasis for obesity‐mediated metabolic adaptation and breast tumor progression.
A Universal Additive Strategy to Reshape Electrolyte Solvation Structure toward Reversible Zn Storage
Authors: Li Tian Chen , Lim YewVon , Li Xue Liang , Luo Songzhu , Lin Congjian , Fang Daliang , Xia Sunwen , Wang Ye , Yang Hui Ying
Published: February 2022

The benefits of Zn, despite many of its performance advantages (e.g., high theoretical capacity and low redox potential), are compromised by severe side reactions and Zn dendrite growth in aqueous electrolytes, due to the coordinated H2O within the Zn2+‐solvation sheath and reactive free water in the bulk electrolyte. Unlike most efforts focused on costly super‐concentrated electrolytes and single additive species, a universal strategy is proposed to boost Zn reversibility in dilute electrolytes via adding carbonyl‐containing organic solvents. Based on experimental investigations and multiscale simulations, the representative electrolyte with a N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone polar additive is proved to assist in structural reshaping of Zn2+‐solvation and stabilizing the hydrogen bond network of water. This synergy is instrumental in contributing to suppressed water‐induced parasitic reactions and dendrite formation, which enables high average coulombic efficiency of 99.7% over 1000 cycles in an Zn/Cu asymmetric cell, and an ultralong cycling lifespan of 2000 cycles with 99.4% capacity retention in a Zn/VS2@SS full cell. Even with an elevated cathodic mass loading (up to 9.5 mg cm‐2), the cycling stability is still maintained. The proposed strategy provides new insight into electrolyte additive design and sheds light on high‐performance Zn‐ion batteries.
Characterizing the biomechanical differences between novice and expert point‐of‐care ultrasound practitioners using a low‐cost gyroscope and accelerometer integrated sensor: A pilot study
Authors: Prager Ross , Pageau Paul , Hodges Timothy , Yan Christina , Woo Michael , Nemnom Marie‐Joe , Millington Scott , Holden Matthew , St‐Gelais Raphael , Cheung Warren J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) has become an important diagnostic tool in acute care medicine; however, little is known about the biomechanical differences between novice and expert practitioners.

Methods

A low‐cost ($50 CAD) gyroscope and accelerometer integrated sensor was assembled and affixed to an ultrasound probe. Seventeen participants, nine novices and eight experts, were recruited to perform three abdominal and four cardiac scans on a standardized patient. Participant demographics, time per scan, average acceleration, average angular velocity, decay in acceleration and angular velocity over time, and frequency of probe movements were analyzed. Video capture with blinded video review was scored.

Results

On video review, experts had higher image optimization and acquisition scores for both abdominal and cardiac scans. Experts had shorter scan times for abdominal (7 s vs. 26 s,p = 0.003) and cardiac (11 s vs. 26 s,p < 0.001) scans. There was no difference in average acceleration (g) between novices and experts performing abdominal (1.02 vs. 1.01,p = 0.50) and cardiac (1.01 vs. 1.01,p = 0.45) scans. Experts had lower angular velocity (°/s) for abdominal scans (10.00 vs. 18.73,p < 0.001) and cardiac scans (15.61 vs. 20.33,p = 0.02) There was a greater decay in acceleration over time for experts performing cardiac scans compared to novices (−0.194 vs. −0.050,p = 0.03) but not for abdominal scans or when measuring angular velocity. The frequency of movements (Hz) was higher for novices compared to experts for abdominal (16.68 vs. 13.79,p < 0.001) and cardiac (17.60 vs. 13.63,p = 0.002) scans.

Discussion

This study supports the feasibility of a low‐cost gyroscope and accelerometer integrated sensor to quantify the biomechanics of POCUS. It may also support the concept of “window shopping” as a method by which experts obtain abdominal and cardiac views, where sliding is used to find an acoustic window, then smaller rocking and tilting probe movements are used to refine the image.
Modeling the axial distribution of mass transfer coefficient in an agitated‐pulsed extraction column
Authors: Tan Boren , Xu Ziyang , Wang Yong , Zhang Yanlin , Hu Yongqi , Qi Tao
Published: February 2022

The dispersed phase holdup and drop size in solvent extraction columns vary along the column height and this affects the mass transfer coefficient and interfacial area. In this article, mass transfer study was performed experimentally using a 25 mm diameter agitated pulsed column. The axial distribution of mass transfer coefficient was determined by coupling population balance equation and axial dispersion model by taking the longitudinal variation in hydrodynamic performance into consideration. Feasibility of different mass transfer models in predicting concentration profiles was evaluated and a novel correlation based on effective diffusivity was developed. The results showed that both overall and volumetric mass transfer coefficients have significant change along the column height and greatly depends on the agitation speed and pulsation intensity. Increasing dispersed phase velocity also augments the overall mass transfer coefficient. The maximum number of transfer unit was measured to be 10 m−1 at agitation speed of 1000 rpm.
Findings from a systematic review of fatigue interventions: What's (not) being tested in mining and other industrial environments
Authors: Dugdale Zoë , Eiter Brianna , Chaumont Menéndez Cammie , Wong Imelda , Bauerle Tim
Published: February 2022

Background

Fatigue negatively impacts mineworker health and safety. In this paper, we identify fatigue interventions tested on industrial shiftworkers and explore their effects and the factors that may influence application in an industrial setting such as a mine site.

Methods

This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. A structured, systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 1980 and 2020. Researchers independently conducted article screening and study quality appraisals against pre‐established criteria, and then extracted data and conducted a narrative synthesis of the included studies.

Results

Seven intervention studies, out of 1651 articles initially screened, were retained for narrative synthesis. Four studies tested the alerting effects of bright‐light treatment, one evaluated the effectiveness of blue‐light blocking glasses at improving daytime sleep quality and nighttime vigilance, and two examined whether sleep hygiene and alertness management trainings improved sleep quality or alertness. There was substantial evidence for the use of bright‐light treatments to improve night shiftworker alertness, but insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of blue‐light blocking glasses and sleep hygiene and alertness management trainings due to the small number of studies included. Shiftworkers were mostly male and employed in industrial subsectors such as production and manufacturing, oil and gas, and transportation. No mining‐specific intervention studies were identified.

Conclusions

Future research is needed to identify effective fatigue risk management interventions for the mining industry as well as best practices for implementing these interventions with mineworkers.
The impact of a “Psychiatric Genetics for Genetic Counselors” workshop on genetic counselor attendees: An exploratory study
Authors: Dillon Amy , Austin Jehannine , McGhee Kevin , Watson Melanie
Published: February 2022

Genetic counseling is the process of supporting patients’ and families’ adaptation to genetic information. Psychiatric genetic counseling has been proven to be effective in improving empowerment, self‐efficacy, and knowledge even in the absence of genetic testing. Despite this, only one specialist psychiatric genetic counseling clinic currently exists. In order to engage genetic counselors in providing psychiatric genetic counseling, a 2‐day workshop: “Psychiatric Genetic Counseling for Genetic Counselors”, was developed and implemented aimed at empowering genetic counselors to feel confident and competent in this practice domain. The aim of the study was to qualitatively explore the impact of the workshop. Semistructured interviews were carried out with 12 genetic counselors who attended the workshop between 2015 and 2018. Thematic analysis revealed that the workshop empowered all participants to feel comfortable and confident offering psychiatric genetic counseling to patients. Participants also reflected how the workshop highlighted the stigma associated with mental illnesses and offered support in normalizing these conditions. Overall, this study presents that the “Psychiatric Genetic Counseling for Genetic Counselors” workshop fulfilled its proposed aims and outcomes.
Acute renal failure with severe loin pain and patchy renal ischemia after anaerobic exercise caused by rapid resumption after prolonged detraining
Authors: Takehara Kei , Mizobe Michiko , Endo Keita , Miyake Akihiro , Suzuki Toshihiko , Funakoshi Hiraku
Published: February 2022

Background

We report a case of acute renal failure with loin pain and patchy renal ischemia after anaerobic exercise (ALPE) caused by sudden training resumption.

Case presentation

A 19‐year‐old Asian man who was a college American football player presented with severe back pain, headache, and malaise. He developed acute kidney injury without myoglobinuria. Based on the typical medical history and symptoms, we made a diagnosis of ALPE. Symptoms improved within a few days, and serum creatinine levels improved after discharge. He resumed training, adjusting his load step by step.

Conclusion

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, many athletes were unable to undergo adequate training. Long‐term de‐training leads to decreased various organ function and reduces the anaerobic threshold. Rapid resumption after prolonged de‐training may put individuals at risk of developing ALPE.
Endovascular Thrombectomy Versus Medical Management in Isolated M2 Occlusions: Pooled Patient‐Level Analysis from the EXTEND‐IA Trials, INSPIRE, and SELECT Studies
Authors: Sarraj Amrou , Parsons Mark , Bivard Andrew , Hassan Ameer E. , Abraham Michael G. , Wu Teddy , Kleinig Timothy , Lin Longting , Chen Chushuang , Levi Christopher , Dong Qiang , Cheng Xin , Butcher Ken S. , Choi Philip , Yassi Nawaf , Shah Darshan , Sharma Gagan , Pujara Deep , Shaker Faris , Blackburn Spiros , Dewey Helen , Thijs Vincent , Sitton Clark W. , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Mitchell Peter J. , Yan Bernard , Grotta James G. , Albers Gregory W. , Davis Stephen M. , Campbell Bruce ,   SELECT Investigators, the EXTEND‐IA Investigators, the EXTEND‐IA TNK Investigators, the EXTEND‐IA TNK Part II Investigators, and the INSPIRE Study Group
Published: February 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate functional and safety outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) versus medical management (MM) in patients with M2 occlusion and examine their association with perfusion imaging mismatch and stroke severity.

Methods

In a pooled, patient‐level analysis of 3 randomized controlled trials (EXTEND‐IA, EXTEND‐and IA‐TNK parts 1 and 2) and 2 prospective nonrandomized studies (INSPIRE and SELECT), we evaluated EVT association with 90‐day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] = 0–2) in isolated M2 occlusions as compared to medical management overall and in subgroups by mismatch profile status and stroke severity.

Results

We included 517 patients (EVT = 195 and MM = 322), baseline median (interquartile range [IQR]) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 13 (8–19) in EVT versus 10 (6–15) in MM, p < 0.001. Pretreatment ischemic core did not differ (EVT = 10 [0–24] ml vs MM = 9 [3–21] ml, p = 0.59). Compared to MM, EVT was more frequently associated with functional independence (68.3 vs 61.6%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25–4.67, p = 0.008, inverse probability of treatment weights [IPTW]‐OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.00–3.75, p = 0.05) with a shift toward better mRS outcomes (adjusted cOR = 2.02, 95% CI:1.23–3.29, p = 0.005), and lower mortality (5 vs 10%, aOR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.12–0.87, p = 0.025). EVT was associated with higher functional independence in patients with a perfusion mismatch profile (EVT = 70.7% vs MM = 61.3%, aOR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.09–4.79, p = 0.029, IPTW‐OR = 2.02, 1.08–3.78, p = 0.029), whereas no difference was found in those without mismatch (EVT = 43.8% vs MM = 62.7%, p = 0.17, IPTW‐OR: 0.71, 95% CI = 0.18–2.78, p = 0.62). Functional independence was more frequent with EVT in patients with moderate or severe strokes, as defined by baseline NIHSS above any thresholds from 6 to 10, whereas there was no difference between groups with milder strokes below these thresholds.

Interpretation

In patients with M2 occlusion, EVT was associated with improved clinical outcomes when compared to MM. This association was primarily observed in patients with a mismatch profile and those with higher stroke severity. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:629–639
Self‐Assembly of Molecular Trefoil Knots Featuring Pentadecanuclear Homoleptic AuI‐, AuI/AgI‐, or AuI/CuI‐Alkynyl Coordination
Authors: Xu Guang‐Tao , Chang Xiao‐Yong , Low Kam‐Hung , Wu Liang‐Liang , Wan Qingyun , Shu Hui‐Xing , To Wai‐Pong , Huang Jie‐Sheng , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: February 2022

Metal‐free and metal‐containing molecular trefoil knots are fascinating ensembles that are usually covalently assembled, the latter requiring the rational design of di‐ or multidentate/multipodal ligands as connectors. In this work, we describe the self‐assembly of pentadecanuclear AuI trefoil knots [Au15(C≡CR)15] from monoalkynes HC≡CR (R=9,9‐X2‐fluorenyl with X=nBu, n‐hexyl) and [AuI(THT)Cl]. Hetero‐bimetallic counterparts [Au9M6(C≡CR)15] (M=Cu/Ag) were self‐assembled by reactions of [Au15(C≡CR)15] with [Cu(MeCN)4]+/AgNO3 and HC≡CR. The type of pentadecanuclear trefoil knots described herein is characterized by X‐ray crystallography, 2D NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS. [Au9Cu6(C≡CR)15] is relatively stable in hexane; its excited state properties were investigated. DFT calculations revealed that non‐covalent metal–metal and metal–ligand interactions, together with longer alkyl chain‐strengthened inter‐ligand dispersion interactions, govern the stability of the trefoil knot structures.
Short Guanidinium‐Functionalized Poly(2‐oxazoline)s Displaying Potent Therapeutic Efficacy on Drug‐Resistant Fungal Infections
Authors: Jiang Weinan , Zhou Min , Cong Zihao , Xie Jiayang , Zhang Wenjing , Chen Sheng , Zou Jingcheng , Ji Zhemin , Shao Ning , Chen Xin , Li Maoquan , Liu Runhui
Published: February 2022

New antifungals are urgently needed to combat invasive fungal infections, due to limited types of available antifungal drugs and frequently encountered side effects, as well as the quick emergence of drug‐resistance. We previously developed amine‐pendent poly(2‐oxazoline)s (POXs) as synthetic mimics of host defense peptides (HDPs) to have antibacterial properties, but with poor antifungal activity. Hereby, we report the finding of short guanidinium‐pendent POXs, inspired by cell‐penetrating peptides, as synthetic mimics of HDPs to display potent antifungal activity, superior mammalian cells versus fungi selectivity, and strong therapeutic efficacy in treating local and systemic fungal infections. Moreover, the unique antifungal mechanism of fungal cell membrane penetration and organelle disruption explains the insusceptibility of POXs to antifungal resistance. The easy synthesis and structural diversity of POXs imply their potential as a class of promising antifungal agents.
Ratiometric and Colorimetric Optical Thermometers Using Emissive Dimeric and Trimeric {[Au(SCN)2]−}n Moieties Generated in d–f Heterometallic Assemblies
Authors: Kumar Kunal , Stefanczyk Olaf , Chorazy Szymon , Nakabayashi Koji , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi
Published: February 2022

Gold complexes can generate excimers ([Au2]→[Au2]*) and exciplexes ([Au3]→[Au3]*) with light excitation. Four GdIII and YIII complexes were assembled with dimeric {[Au(SCN)2]−}2 and trimeric {[Au(SCN)2]−}3 bis(thiocyanato)gold(I) counterions. The vibrational signature associated with the Au⋅⋅⋅Au vibrational mode was probed with ultralow frequency (ULF) Raman spectroscopy as a function of temperature. Emission spectroscopy was used to explore photophysical properties. Two broad features in the high‐ and low‐energy regions were associated with the fluorescence and phosphorescence of the gold entities, respectively. Temperature‐dependent luminescence measurements showed that the emission color can be tuned from blue to green via cyan and white. Hence, these complexes can act as colorimetric thermometers. Additionally, a ratiometric thermal sensing ability was incorporated with high sensitivity up to 5 % K−1 in the cryogenic temperature range.
Enhanced Overall Water Splitting by a Zirconium‐Doped TaON‐Based Photocatalyst
Authors: Xiao Jiadong , Nishimae Shinji , Vequizo Junie Jhon M. , Nakabayashi Mamiko , Hisatomi Takashi , Li Huihui , Lin Lihua , Shibata Naoya , Yamakata Akira , Inoue Yasunobu , Domen Kazunari
Published: February 2022

Solar‐powered one‐step‐excitation overall water splitting (OWS) using semiconducting materials is a simple means of achieving scalable and sustainable hydrogen production. While tantalum oxynitride (TaON) is one of the few photocatalysts capable of promoting OWS via single‐step visible‐light excitation, the efficiency of this process remains extremely poor. The present work employed 15 nm amorphous Ta2O5⋅3.3 H2O nanoparticles as a new precursor together with Zr doping and an optimized nitridation duration to synthesize a TaON‐based photocatalyst with reduced particle sizes and low defect densities. Upon loading with Ru/Cr2O3/IrO2 cocatalysts, this material exhibited stoichiometric water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen, with an order of magnitude improvement in efficiency. Our findings demonstrate the importance of inventing/selecting the appropriate synthetic precursor and of defect control for fabricating active OWS photocatalysts.
In Situ Constructed Nano‐Drug Depots through Intracellular Hydrolytic Condensation for Chemotherapy of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hou Da‐Yong , Zhang Ni‐Yuan , Wang Man‐Di , Xu Shao‐Xin , Wang Zhi‐Jia , Hu Xing‐Jie , Lv Gan‐Tian , Wang Jia‐Qi , Wu Xiu‐Hai , Wang Lu , Cheng Dong‐Bing , Wang Hao , Xu Wanhai
Published: February 2022

Intravesical administration of first‐line drugs has shown failure in the treatment of bladder cancer owing to the poor tumor retention time of chemotherapeutics. Herein, we report an intracellular hydrolytic condensation (IHC) system to construct long‐term retentive nano‐drug depots in situ, wherein sustained drug release results in highly efficient suppression of bladder cancer. Briefly, the designed doxorubicin (Dox)‐silane conjugates self‐assemble into silane‐based prodrug nanoparticles, which condense into silicon particle‐based nano‐drug depots inside tumor cells. Significantly, we demonstrate that theIHCsystem possesses highly potent antitumor efficacy, which leads to the regression and eradication of large established tumors and simultaneously extends the overall survival of air pouch bladder cancer mice compared with that of mice treated with Dox. The concept of intracellular hydrolytic condensation can be extended via conjugating other chemotherapeutic drugs, which may facilitate rational design of novel nanomedicines for augmentation of chemotherapy.
‘We Are All Integrationists Now’: How Should We Talk About It?
Authors: Lowe Roger
Published: February 2022

A shift from orientationism (being committed to a particular therapy approach) to integrationism offers the prospect of a more collaborative, curious, and respectful community of practitioners. Yet our current ways of articulating integrative practice can inadvertently undermine this ambition, and result in confusion or ambiguity about exactly what is being integrated, when, how, and why. Some personal and professional reflections are used to situate this dilemma and to suggest the need to expand our vocabulary for practice. Can we avoid an either/or binary between orientationism and integrationism and find ways to get the best of both worlds? This might involve finding concepts that enable practitioners to maintain a primary therapeutic orientation while integrating, as well as ways to articulate our integrative frameworks that respect both an individual practitioner's unique style and the therapeutic traditions they draw upon. Concepts from both integrationism and pluralism are used to develop these themes and to offer some possible alternatives.
Synthesis, characterization, thermal studies, electrochemical behavior, antimicrobial, docking studies, and computational simulation of triazole‐thiol metal complexes
Authors: Fahim Asmaa M. , Magar Hend S. , Ayoub Manara A.
Published: February 2022

In this study, we elucidate the structure and molecular properties of triazole‐thiol derivative (HL) which is confirmed via B3LYP/6‐31G(d) for DFT and HF basis set. Triazole‐thiol (HL) was conjugated with several metal ions to afford stable metal complexes. Consequently, confirmed via intensive physicochemical analysis including FT‐IR spectra, elemental analysis, electronic, 1H‐NMR, TGA, and DTA. The explanation of the thermal cracking of these metal complexes has been estimated. The FT‐IR of these complexes indicated the presence of triazole‐thiol ligand (HL) as chelated coordinated through the N atom of amino group and S atom of SH moiety. Furthermore, Fe(III) complex and Ni(II) adopt octahedral stereochemistry, while the Cu(II) complex is trigonal bipyramidal, and Cd(II) complex is square planar. Thermal investigation maintained the chemical formulation of these metal complexes and exhibited that they decompose in many stages dependent on the kind of ligand and geometry of complexes. Moreover, the HL and metal complexes were exhibited antimicrobial evaluation against bacterial and fungal strains and showed higher activity comparable HL. Additionally, the theoretical docking stimulation of the ligand HL and metal complexes with different proteins showed different in energy affinity with shortage bond length with metal complexes and confirmed the experimental biological results. Eventually, the electrochemical features were explored utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
From identifying polymeric resins to corrosion casting applications
Authors: Reyes Pablo , D'hooge Dagmar R. , Cardon Ludwig , Cornillie Pieter
Published: February 2022

Corrosion casting is an important manufacturing technique to replicate anatomical structures. Its execution is often based on the injection of resins that can be polymerized starting at room temperature in the presence of an accelerator, which suits most of the practical requirements. In the present contribution, we highlight the main challenges of the corrosion casting technique, addressing a multidisciplinary research angle connecting the fields of life science, veterinary science, materials science, rheology, and polymer reaction engineering. We pay attention to (commercial) material availability, casting medium selection criteria, specimen preparation, maceration, injection possibilities, cleaning procedures, and detail of replication. We start the discussion from general principles and recommendations to then include major examples for each corrosion casting characteristic addressed.
Phylogeny of Coreoidea based on mitochondrial genomes show the paraphyly of Coreidae and Alydidae
Authors: Dong Xue , Wang Kaibin , Tang Zechen , Zhang Yaoyao , Yi Wenbo , Xue Huaijun , Zheng Chenguang , Bu Wenjun
Published: February 2022

Coreoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) is a widely distributed and agriculturally important bugs. However, the phylogeny of Coreoidea lacked consensus on higher‐level relationships and several studies by comparative morphological characters and molecular data suggested the non‐monophyly of two families: Coreidae and Alydidae. The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has long been thought to be a significant marker to understand phylogenetic relationships, but the mitogenome in Alydidae is scarce to date. In the present study, we gathered the mitogenomes of 28 species from four families of Coreoidea excluding Hyocephalidae (Alydidae, Coreidae, Rhopalidae, and Stenocephalidae), including four newly sequenced mitogenomes of Alydidae, and conducted mitogenomic organization and phylogenetic studies. We used maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods to infer the higher‐level phylogeny from the perspective of mitogenomes, primarily to investigate the phylogenetic relationship betweeen Coreidae and Alydidae. We add evidence that neither Alydidae nor Coreidae are monophyletic based on mitogenomes. Newly sequenced mitogenomes of Alydidae have traditional gene structure and gene rearrangement was not found. Alydinae was always recovered as closely related to Pseudophloeinae of the coreid subfamily with high support. The placement of the coreid subfamily Hydarinae and alydid subfamily Micrelytrinae are unstable depending on approach used. In terms of the length and nucleotide composition of the protein coding genes in mitogenomes, Pseudophloeinae and Hydarinae of coreid were more similar to Alydidae. The unsettled classification issues of Coreidae and Alydidae by mitogenomes were demonstrated in this work, indicating that further study is needed.
A cross‐sectional study of brownfields and birth defects
Authors: Slawsky Erik D. , Weaver Anne M. , Luben Thomas J. , Rappazzo Kristen M.
Published: February 2022

Background

Brownfields are a multitude of abandoned and disused sites, spanning many former purposes. Brownfields represent a heterogenous yet ubiquitous exposure for many Americans, which may contain hazardous wastes and represent urban blight. Neonates and pregnant individuals are often sensitive to subtle environmental exposures. We evaluate whether residential brownfield exposure is associated with birth defects.

Methods

Using North Carolina birth records from 2003 to 2015, we sampled 753,195 births with 39,495 defects identified. We examined defect groups and 30 distinct phenotypes. Number of brownfields within 2,000 m of the residential address at birth was summed. We utilized mixed effects multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic and environmental covariates available from birth records, 2010 Census, and EPA's Environmental Quality Index to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

We observed positive associations between cardiovascular and external defect groups (OR [95% CI]: 1.07 [1.02–1.13] and 1.17 [1.01–1.35], respectively) and any brownfield exposure. We also observed positive associations with atrial septal and ventricular septal defects (1.08 [1.01–1.16] and 1.15 [1.03–1.28], respectively), congenital cataracts (1.38 [0.98–1.96]), and an inverse association with gastroschisis (0.74 [0.58–0.94]). Effect estimates for several additional defects were positive, though we observed null associations for most group and individual defects. Additional analyses indicated an exposure–response relationship for several defects across levels of brownfield exposure.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that residential proximity to brownfields is associated with birth defects, especially cardiovascular and external defects. In‐depth analyses of individual defects and specific contaminants or brownfield sites may reveal additional novel associations.
Essential roles of exosome and circRNA_101093 on ferroptosis desensitization in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Xu Yunhua , Ma Lifang , Yu Keke , Niu Yongjie , Xu Xin , Shi Yi , Guo Susu , Xue Xiangfei , Wang Yikun , Qiu Shiyu , Cui Jiangtao , Wang Hong , Tian Xiaoting , Miao Yayou , Meng Fanyu , Qiao Yongxia , Yu Yongchun , Wang Jiayi
Published: February 2022

Background

Resistance to ferroptosis, a regulated cell death caused by iron‐dependent excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides, has recently been linked to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Intracellular antioxidant systems are required for protection against ferroptosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether and how extracellular system desensitizes LUAD cells to ferroptosis.

Methods

Established human lung fibroblasts MRC‐5, WI38, and human LUAD H1650, PC9, H1975, H358, A549, and H1299 cell lines, tumor and matched normal adjacent tissues of LUAD, and plasma from healthy individuals and LUAD patients were used in this study. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to analyze protein expression, and quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR was used to analyze mRNA expression. Cell viability, cell death, and the lipid reactive oxygen species generation were measured to evaluate the responses to ferroptosis. Exosomes were observed using transmission electron microscope. The localization of arachidonic acid (AA) was detected using click chemistry labeling followed by confocal microscopy. Interactions between RNAs and proteins were detected using RNA pull‐down, RNA immunoprecipitation and photoactivatable ribonucleoside‐enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation methods. Proteomic analysis was used to investigate RNA‐regulated proteins, and metabolomic analysis was performed to analyze metabolites. Cell‐derived xenograft, patient‐derived xenograft, cell‐implanted intrapulmonary LUAD mouse models and plasma/tissue specimens from LUAD patients were used to validate the molecular mechanism.

Results

Plasma exosome from LUAD patients specifically reduced lipid peroxidation and desensitized LUAD cells to ferroptosis. A potential explanation is that exosomal circRNA_101093 (cir93) maintained an elevation in intracellular cir93 in LUAD to modulate AA, a poly‐unsaturated fatty acid critical for ferroptosis‐associated increased peroxidation in the plasma membrane. Mechanistically, cir93 interacted with and increased fatty acid‐binding protein 3 (FABP3), which transported AA and facilitated its reaction with taurine. Thus, global AA was reduced, whereas N‐arachidonoyl taurine (NAT, the product of AA and taurine) was induced. Notably, the role of NAT in suppressing AA incorporation into the plasma membrane was also revealed. In pre‐clinical in vivo models, reducing exosome improved ferroptosis‐based treatment.

Conclusion

Exosome and cir93 are essential for desensitizing LUAD cells to ferroptosis, and blocking exosome may be helpful for future LUAD treatment.
The survival benefit of increasing the number of active drugs for metastatic colorectal cancer: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Kawakami Takeshi , Masuishi Toshiki , Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Go Hirofumi , Kato Kyoko , Kumanishi Ryosuke , Sawada Kentaro , Yuki Satoshi , Yamamoto Kouji , Komatsu Yoshito , Muro Kei , Fushiki Kunihiro , Shirasu Hiromichi , Yamazaki Kentaro
Published: February 2022

Background

The development of chemotherapy and treatment strategies for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have provided patients with significant survival benefits. Currently, molecular targeting agents and late‐line treatment with regorafenib and trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) are available. However, the impact of this increase in drug availability on overall survival (OS) in mCRC remains a clinical question.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data on consecutive mCRC patients who were treated at three institutions in Japan. We divided the patients into three cohorts: patients who initiated first‐line treatment from Jan 2005 to Dec 2006 (cohort A: only cytotoxic drugs available), Jan 2007 to Dec 2011 (cohort B: molecular targeting drugs available), and Jan 2012 to Sep 2016 (cohort C: late‐line treatment available).

Results

A total of 1409 consecutive patients were analyzed. The median survival time (MST) in cohorts A, B, and C was 18.6, 25.4, and 26.4 months, respectively. The hazard ratio (HR) for cohort B versus A was 0.81 (95% CI 0.68–0.97), for cohort C versus A was 0.74 (95% CI 0.61–0.89), and for cohort C versus B was 0.92 (0.81–1.03). The median number of administered drugs (range) was 3 (1–5) in cohort A, 4 (1–7) in cohort B, and 4 (1–7) in cohort C. The increase in drug availability extended the MST from 15.5 months in patients treated with ≤3 drugs to 36.0–37.3 months in patients treated with six to seven drugs.

Conclusion

The development of chemotherapy including late‐line treatments could improve the prognosis of mCRC patients.
Improved agronomic biofortification of sweetcorn achieved using foliar rather than soil Zn applications
Authors: Cheah Zhong Xiang , Harper Stephen M. , O'Hare Tim J. , Kopittke Peter M. , Bell Michael J.
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives

This field and glasshouse study evaluates the relative effectiveness of agronomic zinc biofortification strategies to increase the Zn concentration in sweetcorn (Zea mays) kernels for human health, using applications of Zn fertilizer to the root‐zone or to foliage.

Findings

Plants accumulated additional Zn as the rate of Zn applied to the root‐zone increased, but most was retained in the stems and foliage and little was translocated into the kernels (≤7%). A large proportion of the additional Zn stored in the foliage was in the form of Zn‐phytate. In contrast, in field‐grown plants where soil Zn was adequate for maximizing commercial yields, Zn applications to foliage increased kernel Zn concentrations by up to 100%. ZnSO4·7H2O was more effective to use in foliar applications compared with Zn‐EDTA.

Conclusion

The elevated kernel concentrations recorded for two varieties (59.1 and 71.1 mg Zn kg−1) were greater than all previously reported biofortification responses from maize. These concentrations also matched or exceeded the HarvestPlus target of 60 mg Zn kg−1 for maize.

Significance and Novelty

With a total kernel Zn content of 3.6 mg Zn per cob, approximately 25%–45% of the recommended dietary Zn intake could be met with one cob of Zn‐biofortified sweetcorn.
Cover Image
Authors: Cheng Kang‐jie , Liu Yun‐feng , Wang Russell , Yuan Zi‐xi , Jiang Xian‐feng , Dong Xing‐tao
Published: February 2022

The cover image is based on the Basic Research Biomechanical behavior of mandible with posterior marginal resection using finite element analysis by Kang‐jie Cheng et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.3549.

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Improving Thermal Stability of Enzymatic Micromotors by a Temperature‐Sensitive Smart Polymeric Shell
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Xu Dandan , Liu Xiaoxia , Wang Yong , Ye Heng , Ma Xing
Published: February 2022

Enzyme‐powered micromotors using biocompatible substances as fuel are promising candidates in biomedical applications due to their potential autonomous movement in biological fluid and supreme biocompatibility. However, the inherent fragility of enzymes in complex environment hinders their application in practice. Herein, the smart temperature‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is introduced to SiO2@urease micromotors to increase the stability of the enzyme engine by the confinement effect derived from shrinkage of PNIPAM at temperatures above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). As a result, the structure transformation and subunit dissociation of the enzyme are suppressed, leading to improved thermal stability of the urease engine. A systematic comparison of PNIPAM protected and bare SiO2@urease micromotors after thermal treatments at identical temperatures for various time intervals has clearly revealed the enhancement of stability against thermal deformation by PNIPAM integration. This work, paving a way to the development of thermally stable enzyme‐powered micromotors, can greatly raise the prospect of the intelligent micromachines toward practical biomedical applications.
Multilocational screening identifies new drought‐tolerant, warm‐season turfgrasses
Authors: Katuwal Krishna B , Jespersen David , Bhattarai Uttam , Chandra Ambika , Kenworthy Kevin E , Milla‐Lewis Susana R , Schwartz Brian Matthew , Wu Yanqi , Raymer Paul
Published: February 2022

During periods of drought, the irrigation needs of current warm‐season turfgrass cultivars and frequent municipal water use restrictions present a major challenge to the turfgrass industry. Turfgrass breeding programs have responded by placing more emphasis on improved drought response. During 2012–2013, 560 genotypes of four warm‐season turfgrass species developed by five southern breeding programs were evaluated for drought response in replicated field trials at seven locations. Breeders selected 35 genotypes as drought‐tolerant selections (DTS) for further evaluation. The objectives of this study were to verify superior drought response among DTS under short‐term drought conditions and to assess the effectiveness of this approach as a viable breeding strategy to improve drought response in warm‐season turfgrasses. Forty‐seven genotypes including standard commercial cultivars of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp. Willd.), bermudagrass [Cynodon spp. (L.) Pers.], St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze], and seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) were exposed to dry‐downs in three consecutive years by withholding irrigation and excluding rainfall. Significant differences in drought performance were seen across genotypes over the multiyear study. Statistical contrasts found that DTS of zoysiagrass, St. Augustinegrass, and seashore paspalum generally performed better than the standard cultivars. Top‐performing DTS zoysiagrass and St. Augustinegrass genotypes maintained >50% green cover longer than the average of the standard cultivars. Based on this research, multilocational screening for drought tolerance was effective in selection of new genotypes with superior performance to standard cultivars and continued screening of turfgrass germplasm to identify new drought‐tolerant genotypes is warranted.