bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different drugs, different sides: injection use of opioids alone, and not stimulants alone, predisposes to right-sided endocarditis
Authors: Johnstone Rochelle , Khalil Nadine , Shojaei Esfandiar , Puka Klajdi , Bondy Lise , Koivu Sharon , Silverman Michael
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Many studies suggest that infective endocarditis (IE) in people who inject drugs is predominantly right sided, while other studies suggest left sided disease; few have differentiated by class of drug used. We hypothesised that based on differing physiological mechanisms, opioids but not stimulants would be associated with right sided IE.

Methods

A retrospective case series of 290 adult (age ≥18) patients with self-reported recent injection drug use, admitted for a first episode of IE to one of three hospitals in London Ontario between April 2007 and March 2018, stratified patients by drug class used (opioid, stimulant or both), and by site of endocarditis. Other outcomes captured included demographics, causative organisms, cardiac and non-cardiac complications, referral to addiction services, medical versus surgical management, and survival.

Results

Of those who injected only opioids, 47/71 (69%) developed right-sided IE, 17/71 (25%) developed left-sided IE and 4/71 (6%) had bilateral IE. Of those who injected only stimulants, 11/24 (46%) developed right-sided IE, 11/24 (46%) developed left-sided IE and 2/24 (8%) had bilateral IE. Relative to opioid-only users, stimulant-only users were 1.75 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.93; p=0.031) times more likely to have a left or bilateral IE versus right IE.

Conclusions

While injection use of opioids is associated with a strong predisposition to right-sided IE, stimulants differ in producing a balanced ratio of right and left-sided disease. As the epidemic of crystal methamphetamine injection continues unabated, the rate of left-sided disease, with its attendant higher morbidity and mortality, may also grow.
Epidemiological study of calcified aortic valve stenosis in a Chinese community population
Authors: Chen Jun , Lyu Lingchun , Shen Jiayi , Pan Yuesong , Jing Jing , Wang Yong-Jun , Wei Tiemin
Published: July 2022

Background and aims

Due to the ageing global population, calcified aortic valve disease is currently the most common cardiac valve disorder. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the risk factors for calcified aortic valve stenosis (CAVS), and develop a prediction model for predicting CAVS risk.

Methods and results

This study was derived from the cross-sectional baseline survey of the PRECISE study (NCT03178448). The demographic, clinical and laboratory information of each participant was obtained. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine CAVS risk factors. A prediction model for predicting CAVS risk based on risk factors was developed and the result was performed by nomogram. The discrimination of the prediction model was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The degree of fitting for the prediction model was assessed by calibration curve analysis. A total of 3067 participants (1427 men and 1640 women) were included. The prevalence of CAVS among those aged below 60 years old, 60–70 years old and over 70 years old was 4.1%, 10.3% and 21.9%, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that age (OR: 1.099; 95% CI: 1.076 to 1.123, p<0.001), pulse pressure (OR: 1.020; 95% CI: 1.009 to 1.031, p<0.001), uric acid (OR: 1.003; 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.004, p<0.001), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR: 1.152; 95% CI: 1.028 to 1.292, p=0.015) and lipoprotein(a) (OR: 1.002; 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.002, p<0.001) were independent risk factors for CAVS. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was a protective factor for CAVS (OR: 0.539; 95% CI: 0.349 to 0.831, p=0.005). The prediction model including the above risk factors showed a risk prediction of CAVS with good discrimination. The area under the curve value was found to be 0.743 (95% CI: 0.711 to 0.775).

Conclusion

CAVS is currently prevalent in the elderly Chinese population. Age, pulse pressure, HbA1c, lower-level HDL-C, lipoprotein(a) and uric acid are the independent risk factors for CAVS.
National longitudinal tobacco product cessation rates among US adults from the PATH Study: 2013–2019 (waves 1–5)
Authors: Kasza Karin A , Tang Zhiqun , Xiao Haijun , Marshall Daniela , Stanton Cassandra A , Gross Amy L , Jackson Kathy M , Kelley Dannielle , Schroeder Megan J , Vivar Juan C , Hyland Andrew
Published: July 2022

Objective

To report on longitudinal tobacco product cessation rates, by product type, among adults (ages 18+ years) in the USA between 2013 and 2019.

Methods

The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study was used to report on annual and biennial rates of the following three cessation behaviours across 2013–2019: (1) discontinuing tobacco product use (ie, transition from past 30-day use to no past 30-day use), (2) attempting to quit tobacco product use and (3) quitting tobacco product use among those who attempted to quit. Each cessation behaviour was evaluated separately for cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), cigars, hookah and smokeless tobacco. Generalised estimating equations were used to evaluate linear and nonlinear trends in cessation rates across the study period.

Results

Between 2013 and 2019, rates of discontinuing cigarette smoking among adults in the USA statistically increased from 16% to 18%, though these were consistently lower than rates of discontinuing use of other tobacco products. Similarly, quit attempt rates and rates of quitting among attempters increased for cigarette smokers. However, rates of discontinuing ENDS use sharply declined across the study period, from 62% to 44%.

Conclusions

Findings show that tobacco product cessation rates have been changing in recent years in the USA alongside the changing tobacco product marketplace and regulatory environment, though rates of discontinuing cigarette smoking remain relatively low. Findings can serve as a benchmark against which future cessation rates can be compared to evaluate the impacts of future tobacco regulatory policies.
On Conjugacy Class Graph of Normal Subgroup
Authors: Chen Ruifang , Zhao Xianhe
Published: July 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite group and [Formula: see text] a normal subgroup of [Formula: see text]. Denote by [Formula: see text] the graph whose vertices are all distinct [Formula: see text]-conjugacy class sizes of non-central elements in [Formula: see text], and two vertices of [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if they are not coprime numbers. We prove that if the center [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]is [Formula: see text]-regular for [Formula: see text], then either a section of [Formula: see text]is a quasi-Frobenius group or [Formula: see text] is a complete graph with [Formula: see text] vertices.
Divisibility Properties of Power Matrices Associated with Arithmetic Functions on a Divisor Chain
Authors: Chen Long , Lin Zongbing , Tan Qianrong
Published: July 2022

Let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be positive integers with[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] be an integer-valued arithmetic function, and the set [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] distinct positive integers be a divisor chain such that [Formula: see text]. We first show that the matrix [Formula: see text] having [Formula: see text] evaluated at the [Formula: see text]th power [Formula: see text] of the greatest common divisor of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as its [Formula: see text]-entry divides the GCD matrix [Formula: see text] in the ring [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] matrices over integers if and only if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] divides [Formula: see text] for any integer [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. Consequently, we show that the matrix [Formula: see text] having [Formula: see text] evaluated at the [Formula: see text]th power [Formula: see text] of the least common multiple of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as its [Formula: see text]-entry divides the matrix [Formula: see text] in the ring [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] divides [Formula: see text] for any integer [Formula: see text] with[Formula: see text]. Finally, we prove that the matrix [Formula: see text] divides the matrix [Formula: see text] in the ring [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for any integer [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. Our results extend and strengthen the theorems of Hong obtained in 2008.
Exposing Collections through Interaction Ecologies: A Prototype for Architectural Ephemera
Authors: Savasta Daniele , Ultav Zeynep Tuna
Published: July 2022

This study introduces a model for the observation and design of digital collections exhibitions rooted on three concepts: interaction ecologies, exposing collections, and architectural ephemera. The study examines how to go beyond the “one user, one device” approach in GLAMs, what it means to expose a collection, and what it means to consider architectural elements as ephemera. We define interaction ecologies as the approach to a context in which individuals of different species (devices and humans included) entertain rich and floating relationships appropriate to the roles, activities, and postures they assume. This perspective offers novel possibilities on the exhibition of digital collections. In addition, we discuss the concepts of exposing a collection and the translation of architectural elements to transient artifacts to preserve memory. This discussion allows a series of qualities to emerge that together constitute a model for the observation of collection exhibitions. The study includes the presentation of the exhibition “Ankara Balcony Balustrades 1950–75,” which, by focusing on these aspects, acts as a prototype of the model and helps in verifying the application and its results.
The Co-evolution of the WordPress Platform and Its Plugins
Authors: Lin Jiahuei , Sayagh Mohammed , Hassan Ahmed E.
Published: July 2022

One can extend the features of a software system by installing a set of additional components called plugins. WordPress, as a typical example of such plugin-based software ecosystems, is used by millions of websites and has a large number (i.e., 54,777) of available plugins. These plugin-based software ecosystems are different from traditional ecosystems (e.g., NPM dependencies) in the sense that there is high coupling between a platform and its plugins compared to traditional ecosystems for which components might not necessarily depend on each other (e.g., NPM libraries do not depend on a specific version of NPM or a specific version of a client software system). The high coupling between a plugin and its platform and other plugins causes incompatibility issues that occur during the co-evolution of a plugin and its platform as well as other plugins. In fact, incompatibility issues represent a major challenge when upgrading WordPress or its plugins. According to our study of the top 500 most-released WordPress plugins, we observe that incompatibility issues represent the third major cause for bad releases, which are rapidly (within the next 24 hours) fixed via urgent releases. Thirty-two percent of these incompatibilities are between a plugin and WordPress while 19% are between peer plugins. In this article, we study how plugins co-evolve with the underlying platform as well as other plugins, in an effort to understand the practices that are related support such co-evolution and reduce incompatibility issues. In particular, we investigate how plugins support the latest available versions of WordPress, as well as how plugins are related to each other, and how they co-evolve. We observe that a plugin’s support of new versions of WordPress with a large amount of code change is risky, as the releases that declare such support have a higher chance to be followed by an urgent release compared to ordinary releases. Although plugins support the latest WordPress version, plugin developers omit important changes such as deleting the use of removed WordPress APIs, which are removed a median of 873 days after the APIs have been removed from the source code of WordPress. Plugins introduce new releases that are made according to a median of five other plugins, which we refer to as peer-triggered releases. A median of 20% of the peer-triggered releases are urgent releases that fix problems in their previous releases. The most common goal of peer-triggered releases is the fixing of incompatibility issues that a plugin detects as late as after a median of 36 days since the last release of another plugin. Our work sheds light on the co-evolution of WordPress plugins with their platform as well as peer plugins in an effort to uncover the practices of plugin evolution, so WordPress can accordingly design approaches to avoid incompatibility issues.
Data Privacy Enhancing in the IoT User/Device Behavior Analytics
Authors: Li Shancang , Zhao Shanshan , Gope Prosanta , Da Xu Li
Published: July 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is generating and processing a huge amount of data that are then used and shared to improve services and applications in various industries. The collected data are always including sensitive information (sensitive data, users/devices/applications behaviors, etc.), which can be exchanged over the IoT to third-party for storing, processing, and sharing with associated applications. It is important to protect data privacy from compromising using consistently privacy preserving techniques. In this work, we propose a privacy-preserving solution for both structured data and unstructured data by using data anonymization techniques, which are able to enhance privacy associated with IoT services, applications, and users/device behavior. This can allow IoT users/devices to access privacy-enhanced data protecting sensitive data against re-identification risks. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution can provide privacy-enhanced data for third-party services and applications over the IoT.
Interview with Luc Beaudoin
Authors: Atzenbeck Claus
Published: July 2022

Luc P. Beaudoin is co-founder of CogSci Apps Corp, CogZest and Somnolence+. He is also adjunct professor of Cognitive Science and of Education at Simon Fraser University. From an integrative design-oriented perspective, he has written two
Cognitive Productivity
books about using knowledge and hypertext to become profoundly effective, co-designed gStudy and nStudy, and designs the Hook productivity, Hookmark and mySleepButton® apps. Luc has a Ph.D. in Cognitive Science (thesis on goal processing in autonomous agents). He is based in Metro-Vancouver, Canada. More information about Luc can be found at https://cogzest.com/about/founder/
SocialFi
Authors: Guidi Barbara , Michienzi Andrea
Published: July 2022

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is considered a new vision of banking and financial services based on Peer-to-Peer technology, and in particular on the blockchain technology. Since 2020, DeFi has started to develop in the cryptocurrency markets. Then, with the increase in popularity of digital platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram, and with the launch of the Metaverse, DeFi has been introduced into the Social environment by the combination of social networking and finance in the blockchain. This new shape of DeFi has been called Social Finance (SocialFi). SocialFi can be seen as the social influence on any medium that can be tokenized, allowing to get monetary benefits from being part of SocialFi platforms. In detail, SocialFi has a special feature that is decentralized, open and user-controlled, and it started to be adopted by the communities. The main component of SocialFi is the Social token used to reward people. In this paper, we describe in detail the concept of SocialFi, and we discuss its application on future Social Media platforms.
Evolution and Ecology of Parasite Avoidance
Authors: Gibson Amanda K. , Amoroso Caroline R.
Published: July 2022

Parasite avoidance is a host defense that reduces an individual's contact rate with parasites. We investigate avoidance as a primary driver of variation among individuals in their risk of parasitism and the evolution of host–parasite interactions. To bridge mechanistic and taxonomic divides, we define and categorize avoidance by its function and position in the sequence of host defenses. We also examine the role of avoidance in limiting epidemics and evaluate evidence for the processes that drive its evolution. Throughout, we highlight important directions in which to advance our conceptual and theoretical understanding of the role of avoidance in host–parasite interactions. We emphasize the need to test assumptions and quantify the effect of avoidance independent of other defenses. Importantly, many open questions may be most tractable in host systems that have not been the focus of traditional behavioral avoidance research, such as plants and invertebrates.
Gametogenesis: Exploring an Endogenous Rejuvenation Program to Understand Cellular Aging and Quality Control
Authors: Sing Tina L. , Brar Gloria A. , Ünal Elçin
Published: July 2022

Gametogenesis is a conserved developmental program whereby a diploid progenitor cell differentiates into haploid gametes, the precursors for sexually reproducing organisms. In addition to ploidy reduction and extensive organelle remodeling, gametogenesis naturally rejuvenates the ensuing gametes, leading to resetting of life span. Excitingly, ectopic expression of the gametogenesis-specific transcription factor Ndt80 is sufficient to extend life span in mitotically dividing budding yeast, suggesting that meiotic rejuvenation pathways can be repurposed outside of their natural context. In this review, we highlight recent studies of gametogenesis that provide emerging insight into natural quality control, organelle remodeling, and rejuvenation strategies that exist within a cell. These include selective inheritance, programmed degradation, and de novo synthesis, all of which are governed by the meiotic gene expression program entailing many forms of noncanonical gene regulation. Finally, we highlight critical questions that remain in the field and provide perspective on the implications of gametogenesis research on human health span.
The Role of Cu-Based Intermetallic on the Direct Growth of a ZnAl LDH Film on AA2024
Authors: Bouali A. C. , Serdechnova M. , Yasakau K. A. , Lutz A. , Wiese G. , Terryn H. , Ferreira M. G. S. , Zheludkevich M. L.
Published: July 2022

The direct ZnAl layered double hydroxide growth on AA2024 is a fast-occurring reaction, yet is characterized by an inhomogeneous film thickness. It has been shown that at the periphery of Cu-rich intermetallic, the flakes tend to be larger and denser. A combination of in situ and ex situ measurements were used to monitor the changes in the layered double hydroxide film grown on the regions of intermetallics. Immediately after immersion, an activation of the intermetallic phases is observed due to the dealloying process with an almost immediate film growth. Dealloying is followed by trenching of the adjacent Al matrix leading to an excessive production of large and dense layered double hydroxide flakes at the periphery of the intermetallic. However, the scanning electron microscopy cross-section images revealed that the trenching process leads to defects in the area surrounding the intermetallic. This could weaken the corrosion resistance performance of the layered double hydroxide conversion coating and lead to adhesion failure of consecutive polymer coatings. Nevertheless, this work highlights a few advantages and drawbacks of the layered double hydroxide conversion coatings and pathways to its potential optimization and improvement.
Highly Responsive and Room-Temperature Operable Ethanol Gas Sensor Based on Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Tripathi Divya , Chauhan Pratima
Published: July 2022

Herein, we report the successful detection of ethanol among the variety of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) namely isopropanol, toluene and acetone at room temperature (RT) via a thermally reduced graphene oxide (T-RGO) based sensor. T-RGO material was prepared by the thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) at 250 °C for 20 min. The properties of as-synthesized T-RGO were elucidated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. The BET analysis of T-RGO revealed the mesoporous structure with specific surface area of 86.21 m2 g−1. The proposed T-RGO sensor was exposed to various ethanol concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 ppm and the sensor exhibited maximum response (15%) towards 100 ppm of ethanol at RT. The high sensitivity, fast response (3 s)/recovery time (6 s) and excellent repeatability of ethanol, suggest its good selectivity over other tested VOCs. The optimum operating temperature of the sensor was found to be RT (28 °C). Upon exposure to different relative humidity (RH) levels, the ethanol sensing response was found to vary only by 1.5% from 33% to 83% RH, indicating low dependence of humidity on the sensor performance. In addition, the sensor displayed efficient long-term stability towards ethanol at RT.
An Innovative Experimental Study on Improving the Rheological Properties of Na-Bentonite Water Based Drilling Muds using Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Graphene Oxide Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Özkan Abdullah , Tiknas Semih , Özkan Vildan
Published: July 2022

In this study; it is aimed to improve the rheological properties of Na-Bentonite water based drilling muds (WBDM) by graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/GO) at 0.0005–0.01 (% w/v) ratios. For this purpose, firstly; AuNPs, graphene, GO and AuNPs/GO were synthesized, and then characterized by SEM, TEM, EDX, RAIRS and XPS. Synthesized and characterized nanomaterials were added to WBDM at a rate of 0.0005% to 0.01% (w/v), and finally, rheological and filtration loss analyzes of water based drilling muds containing nanomaterials were carried out according to American Petroleum Institute Standards. As a result of this study, in which nanomaterials were used to improve the properties of water based drilling mud; plastic viscosity (PV), apparent viscosity (AV), yield point (YP), gel strength (10 s and 10 min), respectively; it was determined that it increased by 67%, 44%, 44%, 67% and 50%, and at the same time, the filtration loss value decreased by 14%.
Kir6.1 and SUR2B in Cantú syndrome
Authors: McClenaghan Conor , Nichols Colin G.
Published: July 2022

Kir6.1 and SUR2 are subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels expressed in a wide range of tissues. Extensive study has implicated roles of these channel subunits in diverse physiological functions. Together they generate the predominant KATP conductance in vascular smooth muscle and are the target of vasodilatory drugs. Roles for Kir6.1/SUR2 dysfunction in disease have been suggested based on studies of animal models and human genetic discoveries. In recent years, it has become clear that gain-of-function (GoF) mutations in both genes result in Cantú syndrome (CS)—a complex, multisystem disorder. There is currently no targeted therapy for CS, but studies of mouse models of the disease reveal that pharmacological reversibility of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal pathologies can be achieved by administration of the KATP channel inhibitor, glibenclamide. Here we review the function, structure, and physiological and pathological roles of Kir6.1/SUR2B channels, with a focus on CS. Recent studies have led to much improved understanding of the underlying pathologies and the potential for treatment, but important questions remain: Can the study of genetically defined CS reveal new insights into Kir6.1/SUR2 function? Do these reveal new pathophysiological mechanisms that may be important in more common diseases? And is our pharmacological armory adequately stocked?
Rapid nutrient depletion to below the physiological range by cancer cells cultured in Plasmax
Authors: Gardner Georgina L. , Moradi Fereshteh , Moffatt Chris , Cliche Meagan , Garlisi Bianca , Gratton John , Mehmood Fatima , Stuart Jeffrey A.
Published: July 2022

Mammalian cell culture is a fundamental tool used to study living cells. Presently, the standard protocol for performing cell culture involves the use of commercial media that contain an excess of nutrients. Although this reduces the likelihood of cell starvation, it creates nonphysiologic culture conditions that have been shown to “re-wire” cellular metabolism. Recently, researchers have developed new media like Plasmax, formulated to approximate the nutrient composition of human blood plasma. Although this represents an improvement in cell culture practice, physiologic media may be vulnerable to nutrient depletion. In this study, we directly addressed this concern by measuring the rates of glucose and amino acid depletion from Plasmax in several cancer cell lines (PC-3, LNCaP, MCF-7, and SH-SY5Y) over 48 h. In all cell lines, depletion of glucose from Plasmax was rapid such that, by 48 h, cells were hypoglycemic (<2 mM glucose). Most amino acids were similarly rapidly depleted to subphysiological levels by 48 h. In contrast, glucose and most amino acids remained within the physiological range at 24 h. When the experiment was done at physiological oxygen (5%) versus standard (18%) with LNCaP cells, no effect on glucose or amino acid consumption was observed. Using RNA sequencing, we show that this nutrient depletion is associated with enrichment of starvation responses, apoptotic signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. A shift from glycolytic metabolism to mitochondrial respiration at 5% O2 was also measured using Seahorse analysis. Taken together, these results exemplify the metabolic considerations for Plasmax, highlighting that cell culture in Plasmax requires daily media exchange.
Arthroscopic Fixation of Symptomatic Meso-Type Os Acromiale: Technical Note
Authors: Tang Quen Oak , Elnikety Sherif
Published: July 2022

Symptomatic Os acromiale can cause pain, impingement, and reduced range of movement. Disruption of the syndesmosis can result in significant pain and functional impairment; this may occur after trauma. Symptomatic Os acromiale is treated by either excision or fixation. Fixation via open technique is the mainstay of surgical intervention; however, recently, arthroscopic methods were used. In this technical note, we discuss the modification for all arthroscopic Os acromiale fixation; the fixation screws are introduced in anteroposterior fashion, employing the advances in orthopaedic fixation devices. Arthroscopic fixation is not widely adopted, possibly due to availability of implants and perceived difficult learning curve. We report this technique and demonstrate reproducibility with excellent results.
Artificial Intelligence Optimization Design Analysis of Robot Control System
Authors: Guo Haifeng , Wang Yiyang , Wang Guangwei , Du Zhongbo , Chen Rui , Sun He
Published: July 2022

In order to improve the accuracy of robot control system, a scheme based on artificial intelligence is proposed. On the basis of the software environment of reinforcement learning simulation platform, a kind of rounding scheme in dynamic environment is designed and simulated. The results show that when the inclination sensor is placed on an inclined plane of 300 and collected for ten times, the maximum error of measurement that can be seen from the experimental data is 0.40. The relative included angles were 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°, respectively, by compass sensor. The measurement was carried out, and the average value of each angle was measured 5 times. It can be seen from the experimental data that the measurement error meets the requirements of the system. Therefore, it is feasible to use artificial intelligence algorithm to optimize the robot control system.
An Effective Scheme of Building Electromagnetic Map for Spectrum Sensing
Authors: Lin Dongming , Wang Hongjun , Lin Zhi , An Kang , Shen Zhexian , Wang Jiangzhou
Published: July 2022

To address the severe spectrum scarcity problem and achieve efficient green communications, we propose a new and practical scheme to obtain electromagnetic data (ED) and a composite electromagnetic map reconstruction method (CEMRM). The scheme uses a small number of sensing nodes to obtain incomplete sampled ED, then uses CEMRM to reconstruct complete ED according to the incomplete ED and builds realistic electromagnetic maps (EMs) in various propagation scenarios. Specifically, we firstly adopt kriging (KG) method to obtain the geography-based ED (GED) according to geographical correlation of the locations of the sampled ED. Meanwhile, a novel algorithm, named filtered subdistrict sparsity adaptive matching pursuit (FSSAMP), is proposed to obtain the pure ED (PED) according to electromagnetic correlation of the sampled ED. Then, weight factors are mapped into the above two types of data and the fast gradient projection (FGP) method is employed to obtain the highly accurate combined ED (CED). Based on the CED, the accurate and practical EMs can be drawn. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can provide more accurate ED and EMs than existing benchmark schemes in various propagation scenarios, and the built EMs can provide accurate information for the assessment of spectrum resources utilization to make spectrum resources efficiently used.
Nomogram Prediction Model Analysis of Risk Factors for Conversion to Thoracotomy after Thoracoscopic Resection of Lung Cancer and Prognostic Value of Lung Cancer
Authors: Su Peng , Zhu Yonggang , Lv Huilai , Zhang Jian , Huang Chao , Zhang Fan , Tian Ziqiang
Published: July 2022

This study was aimed at exploring the risk factors for thoracotomy in patients undergoing thoracoscopic resection of lung cancer and further analyzing the factors affecting the prognosis of patients. Ninety-six patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary resection were recruited as the subjects, and they were enrolled into the thoracoscopic group (

n
=
88

) and the thoracotomy group (

n
=
8

) according to whether thoracotomy was performed. Univariate analysis and logistic multivariate regression were performed to analyze the risk factors for conversion to thoracotomy, and nomogram prediction model was employed to analyze the prognostic factors. The results revealed that the proportion of patients over 65 years old, with history of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and pulmonary tuberculosis, etc., in the thoracotomy group and the thoracoscopic group was significantly different (

P
<
0.05

). There were statistically significant differences in the development of interlobular cleft, pleural adhesion, tumor

diameter
>
3.5

 cm, vascular and lymph node invasion, and tumor TNM stage between the thoracotomy group and the thoracoscopic group (

P
<
0.05

). Overall, the age of

patients
≥
65

years old, tumor

diameter
>
3.5

 cm, hypoplasia of interlobular fissure, history of pulmonary tuberculosis, pleural adhesion, and TNM stage IIIa were all independent risk factors for thoracoscopic resection of lung cancer to thoracotomy. Cox model and nomogram prediction model analysis showed that surgery methods, tumor

diameter
>
3.5

 cm, chemotherapy

cycle
<
4

, chemotherapy, and TNM stage IIIa were all independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer resection. This nomogram prediction model had high application value in patient prognosis prediction.
Analysis of miRNA Associated with Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: Yang Ning , Song Yanqiu , Dong Bo , Yang Jingyu , Li Yang , Qin Qin , Guo Zhigang
Published: July 2022

Cardiovascular diseases seriously endanger human physical and mental health and life safety, to investigate correlation between miR-let-7b and miR-29b and coronary artery calcification of various patients. At present, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of plasma miR-let-7b and miR-29b in patients with coronary artery calcification and noncoronary artery calcification and to analyze whether the expression levels of miR-let-7b and miR-29b were different between the two groups. It was shown that there was no significant difference in the expression of miR-let-7d-3p between the two groups. But the expression of miR-29b in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Taken together, miR-29b might be a risk factor for coronary artery calcification and may be a marker for early diagnosis of coronary artery calcification.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Changes of Gut Microbiota before and after Menopause
Authors: Yang Meina , Wen Shu , Zhang Jing , Peng Jin , Shen Xiaoyang , Xu Liangzhi
Published: July 2022

Objective. To systematically evaluate the differences in intestinal flora before and after menopause. To provide a possible mechanism for perimenopausal syndrome and provide a basis for probiotics as adjuvant therapy. Methods. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were searched. The included studies were case-control studies. Results. Three case-control studies were included, with a total of 156 people. At the phylum level, there were no differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. At the genus level, the relative abundances of A. odoratum and B. cholerae were higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women, with no differences among other genera. The Shannon diversity index increased after menopause, but no differences were found. Only one study found a positive association of estradiol with Gammaproteobacteria and Myxococcales and a negative association with Prevotellaceae. Conclusions. On the basis of previous studies, it was found that there was no significant difference at the phylum level between postmenopausal women and premenopausal women, but Odoribacter and Bilophila increased at the genus level in postmenopausal women. The class of Gammaproteobacteria may be positively correlated with estradiol. Limited by the number of included studies, more high-quality clinical studies are needed for validation.
Fiber Bragg Grating Smart Material and Structural Health Monitoring System Based on Digital Twin Drive
Authors: Lei Zhen , Zhu Liang , Fang Youliang , Niu Chunjie , Zhao Yunpeng
Published: July 2022

The damage self‐diagnosis function puts forward higher requirements for the research and development of intelligent structural health monitoring, and in most cases, it is necessary to monitor the load first, especially the monitoring of the impact load. The development of smart materials and structures is based on advanced sensing systems. In order to achieve this purpose, a high‐speed demodulation system based on fiber grating with double long period grating is studied, and then, a damage self‐diagnosis system based on fiber grating is constructed. The system can realize the strain distribution and impact load monitoring of the structure. After quantitative analysis of the signal, an advanced information identification method is used to realize the impact load location. This paper focuses on the data preprocessing process of bridge health monitoring. In view of the characteristics of high data complexity, large amount of data, and many noise components in the process of structural monitoring, this paper adopts basic data cleaning for the original data set, including data dimensionless and missing value processing. Based on the digital twin technology, the composition of the digital twin KNN model of bridge swivel construction monitoring and management is analyzed, and the digital twin system architecture of bridge swivel construction monitoring and management is built. The function display of the monitoring platform, including setting a variety of permission login modes, displaying BIM model, geographic information, and weather environment; monitoring data entry and addition, deletion, and modification; data chart analysis and export; and email warning, to verify the feasibility of the application of digital twin technology in bridge monitoring, and the advantages of the intelligent monitoring system are obtained. The strain error is found to be less than 15.48 μℇ in the research, which is within the range of the fiber grating. This method can effectively monitor and forecast these distributed, nonlinear, strongly coupled, multivariable, and time‐varying complex structures. By monitoring bridges, the original monitoring data of bridges can be obtained, and scientific research data and analysis services can be provided. In particular, the damage caused by shock and vibration is monitored, so that the accumulation of damage can be detected before it threatens the safety of the structure, so that the damaged structure can be repaired in time to ensure the safe operation of the structure.
A miRNA Target Prediction Model Based on Distributed Representation Learning and Deep Learning
Authors: Sun Yuzhuo , Xiong Fei , Sun Yongke , Zhao Youjie , Cao Yong
Published: July 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of noncoding RNA, which plays an essential role in gene regulation by binding to messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Accurate and rapid identification of miRNA target genes is helpful to reveal the mechanism of transcriptome regulation, which is of great significance for the study of cancer and other diseases. Many bioinformatics methods have been proposed to solve this problem, but the previous research did not further study the encoding of the nucleotide sequence. In this paper, we developed a novel method combining word embedding and deep learning for human miRNA targets at the site-level prediction, which is inspired by the similarity between natural language and biological sequences. First, the word2vec model was used to mine the distribution representation of miRNAs and mRNAs. Then, the embedding is extracted automatically via the stacked bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network. By testing, our method can effectively improve the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and

F

-measure of other methods. Through our research, it is proved that the distributed representation can improve the accuracy of the deep learning model and better solve the miRNA target site prediction problem.
Transesterification Studies on Avocado Seed Oil Using Carbon Supported CuO Nano Catalyst: Rate Kinetics and Thermodynamic Aspects
Authors: Sasikumar Bashyam , Jeevanandam Prabahar , Samikkannu Venkatesh Babu , Veeramalini J. B.
Published: July 2022

This study focused on the production of biodiesel using avocado seed oil (ASO) through esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) in the presence of carbon supported CuO nanoparticles (CuO/C). ASO was obtained using hexane as a solvent by Soxhlet extraction. Further characterization of ASO revealed that the oil had 8.2‐10.2% (±0.2%) of FFA content. Using a two‐step technique, the FFA content was decreased below 1% through esterification using a catalyst prepared from carbon supported nanoparticles of CuO. Additionally, CuO/C catalyst was characterized by different techniques, such as XRD and BET. From the investigations, the optimal time for the esterification process was found to be 6 h at 673 K. The use of carbon supported CuO nanoparticle for the transesterification process of ASO has not been attempted in earlier. Also, the studies on FFA present in the avocado seed oil had a significant outcome in this investigation. Further, the data observed from the reactions conducted at different temperatures were subjected for kinetic analysis to determine the reaction rate and thermodynamic study for activation energy.
An In Vitro Study on the Antibacterial Effects of Chlorhexidine‐Loaded Positively Charged Silver Nanoparticles on Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Gholami Ahmad , Ghezelbash Keyvan , Asheghi Bahar , Abbaszadegan Abbas , Amini Abbas
Published: July 2022

This study successfully developed a positively charged silver nanocomplex as a nanocarrier for chlorhexidine (CHX) using ionic liquids. This nanocomplex can interestingly deliver the antibacterial agent with a synergistic effect. In this study, we synthetized and characterized a positively charged silver nanocomplex (AgNPs+) and CHX‐loaded positively charged silver nanoparticles (CHX@AgNPs+) using UV‐visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Zetasizer. Then, the loading efficiency and release profile of XHX from nanocomplex were evaluated. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by employing two standard microdilution tests to obtain the minimum bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations. The average sizes of 27.43 nm and 29.66 nm were obtained for AgNPs+ and CHX@AgNPs+, respectively. The CHX@AgNPs+ showed a constant release of CHX, making them a more effective antibacterial agent against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) than CHX or AgNPs+ alone. Antibacterial assays showed that CHX@AgNPs+ significantly reduced the viability of the bacterial strain compared to CHX as the standard irrigant. AgNPs+ had an antibacterial effect similar to CHX only at intermediate concentrations (12 and 25 μg/mL), and their effects were significantly less than those of CHX at other concentrations (3, 6, 50, and 100 μg/mL). The effects of CHX@AgNPs+ were statistically greater than those of AgNPs+ at all concentrations tested. The MIC values of CHX@AgNPs+ and CHX were 50 and 100 μg/mL. However, AgNPs+ were not showed MIC value at tested concentrations. Therefore, the designed nanocomplex can be regarded as a potential root canal disinfectant with clinical applications for bacterial infections.
Automatic Piano Harmony Arrangement System Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Jianhua
Published: July 2022

Harmony, which plays an important role in enriching melody expression, is a combination of multiple notes. Melody coordination involves adding harmony effect to a single note of melody, which involves professional knowledge of basic music theory and harmony rules, and requires a high technical threshold. Under the macro background of deep learning and neural network technology, artificial intelligence is widely used in music retrieval, music creation, and music teaching. In this article, we provide a powerful tool for piano music creation by manually arranging melody and harmony instead of using deep learning. In this paper, harmonic elimination is divided into three subtasks: note detection, measurement, and multifundamental frequency estimation and model training. The music signal is divided into several segments by note detection, and the main notes and harmonic components of each segment are extracted by multifundamental frequency estimation, which are used as the features and labels of the neural network, so as to give a model with the ability of arrangement and harmony.
Relationship between Self-Esteem, Interpersonal Trust, and Social Anxiety of College Students
Authors: He Xiahong
Published: July 2022

This study attempts to disclose the relationship between self-esteem, interpersonal trust, and social anxiety of college students and provide an empirical reference for enhancing their self-esteem, cultivating their interpersonal trust, and reducing their social anxiety. Specifically, 673 college students were randomly sampled and measured against the self-esteem scale (SES), interpersonal trust scale (TS), and interaction anxiousness scale (IAS). The results show that self-esteem does not vary significantly with genders and origins; social anxiety does not vary significantly with origins but differs significantly between genders; the social anxiety of males is much lower than that of females; interpersonal trust differs significantly between genders and between origins. Self-esteem is significantly correlated with interpersonal trust (

r
=
0.22

,

p
<
0.01

). Social anxiety has a significant negative correlation with self-esteem (

r
=
−
0.17

,

p
<
0.01

) and with social anxiety (

r
=
−
0.26

,

p
<
0.01

). Interpersonal trust partly mediates the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety. These findings provide a theoretical basis for enhancing and improving mental health education of college students.
Resveratrol Synergistically Promotes BMP9-Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Yonghui , Xia Chao , Chen Yang , Jiang Tianyuan , Hu Yan , Gao Yanhong
Published: July 2022

Background. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Resveratrol and bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) are known osteogenic induction factors of MSCs, but the effect of both resveratrol and BMP9 on osteogenesis is unknown. Herein, we explored whether resveratrol cooperates with BMP9 to improve osteogenic induction. Methods. The osteogenic induction of resveratrol and BMP9 on C3H10T1/2 cells was evaluated by detecting the staining and activity of the early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In addition, the late osteogenic effect was measured by the mRNA and protein levels of osteogenic markers, such as osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN). To assess the bone formation function of resveratrol plus BMP9 in vivo, we transplanted BMP9-infected C3H10T1/2 cells into nude mice followed by intragastric injection of resveratrol. Western blot (WB) analysis was utilized to elucidate the mechanism of resveratrol plus BMP9. Results. Resveratrol not only enhanced osteogenic induction alone but also improved BMP9-induced ALP at 3, 5, and 7 d postinduction. Both the early osteogenic markers (ALP, Runx2, and SP7) and the late osteogenic markers (OPN and OCN) were significantly increased when resveratrol was combined with BMP9. The fetal limb explant culture further verified these results. The in vivo bone formation experiment, which involved transplanting BMP9-overexpressing C3H10T1/2 cells into nude mice, also confirmed that resveratrol synergistically enhanced the BMP9-induced bone formation function. Resveratrol phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate- (AMP-) activated protein kinase (AMPK) and stimulated autophagy, but these effects were abolished by inhibiting AMPK and Beclin1 using an inhibitor or siRNA. Conclusions. Resveratrol combined with BMP9 significantly improves the osteogenic induction of C3H10T1/2 cells by activating AMPK and autophagy.
Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Life Cycle Analysis: A State‐of‐the‐Art Survey
Authors: Paulraj Prathap , Ilangovan Padmanaban , Subramanian Kannan , Nagarajan Mohan Raj , Suthan R. , Sakthimurugan V. , Madhu S. , Varuvel Edwin Geo , Lenin Haiter
Published: July 2022

Research on developing new methodologies on environmentally conscious manufacturing and way of reducing environmental impacts on product design was started over two decades ago. Environmentally conscious manufacturing has become a challenge to the environment and to the society itself, enforced primarily by government regulations and the customer expectation on environmental issues. In both industry and academics, there is a sizable following for environmental‐related issues which are aimed at finding answers to the problems that arise in this newly emerged area. Problems are widespread including the ones related to the life cycle of products, disassembly, material recovery, and remanufacturing and pollution prevention. Only very few researchers have concentrated on ecofriendly products. This paper investigates the literature by classifying more than 200 published references into four categories, viz., design for environment checklist, environmentally conscious manufacturing, life cycle analysis, and material selection.