bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Historical Sociology
Authors: Hammer Ricarda , Itzigsohn José
Published: October 2024

For too long, questions of racism and colonialism have not been part of historical sociology’s understanding of modernity. Yet, a new generation of scholars has begun to address this, placing racism and empire at the center of their inquiries. This new generation looks to previously marginalized scholars for guidelines and inspiration. In line with this shift in historical sociology, this paper brings the work of W.E.B. Du Bois and other writers in the Black Radical Tradition to bear on longer-standing analytic and methodological debates: How do these authors allow us to think about theory-building and comparison? What is the goal of explanation? How should we approach archives and sources? Building on these insights, this paper explains how the work of Du Bois and the Black Radical Tradition provides a model for a new historical sociology, and a framework that allows us to see the connections between racism, colonialism, and modernity.
Young adults, particularly young women, account for an increasingly large share of Dutch mental healthcare expenditure over the period between 2015 and 2021
Authors: Dijkstra L. , Gülöksüz S. , Batalla A. , van Os J.
Published: October 2024

Aims

There is increasing concern over the mental distress of youth in recent years, which may impact mental healthcare utilisation. Here we aim to examine temporal patterns of mental healthcare expenditures in the Netherlands by age and sex in the period between 2015 and 2021.

Methods

Comprehensive data from health insurers in the Netherlands at the 3-number postal code level were used for cluster weighted linear regressions to examine temporal patterns of mental healthcare expenditure by age group (18–34 vs 35–65). The same was done for medical specialist and general practitioner costs. Additionally, we examined interactions with gender, by adding the interaction between age, year and sex to the model.

Results

Mental healthcare costs for younger adults (18–34) were higher than those for older adults (35–65) at all time points (β = 0.22, 95%-CI = 0.19; 0.25). Furthermore there was an increase in the strength of the association between younger age and mental healthcare costs from β = 0.22 (95%-CI = 0.19; 0.25) in 2015 to β = 0.37 (95%-CI = 0.35; 0.40) in 2021 (p < 0.0001) and this was most evident in women (p < 0.0001). Younger age was associated with lower general practitioner costs at all time points, but this association weakened over time. Younger age was also associated with lower medical specialist costs, which did not weaken over time.

Conclusions

Young adults, particularly young women, account for an increasing share of mental healthcare expenditure in the Netherlands. This suggests that mental distress in young people is increasingly met by a response from the medical system. To mitigate this trend a public mental health approach is needed.
A Statistical Study of Polar Mesospheric Cloud Fronts in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Thurairajah Brentha , Cullens Chihoko Y. , Harvey V. Lynn , Randall Cora E.
Published: October 2024

Complex spatial structures in polar mesospheric cloud (PMC) images provide visual clues to the dynamics that occur in the summer mesosphere. In this study, we document one such structure, a PMC front, by analyzing PMC images in the northern hemisphere from the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument onboard the aeronomy of ice in the mesosphere (AIM) satellite. A PMC front is defined as a sharp boundary that separates cloudy and mostly clear regions, and where the clouds at the front boundary are brighter than the clouds in the cloudy region. We explore the environment that supports the formation of PMC fronts using near‐coincident temperature and water vapor observations from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) satellite instrument. A comparison of PMC front locations to near‐coincident temperature profiles reveals the presence of inversion layers at PMC altitudes. The adiabatic and superadiabatic topside lapse rates of these temperature inversions indicate that some of the identified inversion layers may have been formed by gravity wave (GW) dissipation. The structure of the squared buoyancy frequency profiles indicates a stable layer or thermal duct that can be associated with large‐amplitude mesospheric inversion layers (MILs) that extend large distances. These inversion layers may be conducive to horizontal wave propagation. We hypothesize that ducted GWs may be a formation mechanism of PMC fronts.
Gaze behaviors during free viewing revealed differences in visual salience processing across four major psychiatric disorders: a mega-analysis study of 1012 individuals
Authors: Miura Kenichiro , Yoshida Masatoshi , Morita Kentaro , Fujimoto Michiko , Yasuda Yuka , Yamamori Hidenaga , Takahashi Junichi , Miyata Seiko , Okazaki Kosuke , Matsumoto Junya , Toyomaki Atsuto , Makinodan Manabu , Hashimoto Naoki , Onitsuka Toshiaki , Kasai Kiyoto , Ozaki Norio , Hashimoto Ryota
Published: October 2024

Aberrant salience processing has been proposed as a pathophysiological mechanism underlying psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The gaze trajectories of individuals with schizophrenia have been reported to be abnormal when viewing an image, suggesting anomalous visual salience as one possible pathophysiological mechanism associated with psychiatric diseases. This study was designed to determine whether visual salience is affected in individuals with schizophrenia, and whether this abnormality is unique to patients with schizophrenia. We examined the gaze behaviors of 1012 participants recruited from seven institutes (550 healthy individuals and 238, 41, 50 and 133 individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder, respectively) when they looked at stationary images as they liked, i.e., free-viewing condition. We used an established computational model of salience maps derived from low-level visual features to measure the degree to which the gaze trajectories of individuals were guided by visual salience. The analysis revealed that the saliency at the gaze of individuals with schizophrenia were higher than healthy individuals, suggesting that patients’ gazes were guided more by low-level image salience. Among the low-level image features, orientation salience was most affected. Furthermore, a general linear model analysis of the data for the four psychiatric disorders revealed a significant effect of disease. This abnormal salience processing depended on the disease and was strongest in patients with schizophrenia, followed by patients with bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder, suggesting a link between abnormalities in salience processing and strength/frequency for psychosis of these disorders.
The scanning CONfoCal Ophthalmoscopy foR DIAbetic eye screening (CONCORDIA) study paper 2
Authors: Scanlon Peter H. , Gruszka-Goh Marta , Javed Ushna , Vukic Anthony , Hapeshi Julie , Chave Steve , Galsworthy Paul , Vallance Scott , Aldington Stephen J.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To determine if the Eidon white light 60-degree field Scanning Confocal Ophthalmoscope (SCO) camera was safe to use with staged mydriasis in a Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (DESP).

Methods

The trial participants were recruited from people with diabetes attending appointments in DESP or Virtual Eye clinics for post-Covid delayed hospital appointments. Using staged mydriasis, the SCO images were taken before the pupils were dilated and compared to two-field 45 degrees mydriatic digital photography (the reference standard). Mydriatic SCO images were only compared to the reference standard if the non-mydriatic SCO images were unassessable.

Results

1050 patients were recruited, 35 individuals were withdrawn, the majority (18) due to an imaging protocol deviation leaving 1015 individuals (2029 eyes). Using staged mydriasis, the sensitivity and specificity for any retinopathy was 97.5% (95% CI: 96.4–98.4%) and 82.3% (95% CI: 79.6–84.7%) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for referable retinopathy was 92.7% (95% CI: 89.9–94.9%) and 85.4% (95% CI: 83.6–87.2%) respectively. The total number of eyes that were unassessable with the Eidon without mydriasis was 85/2029 (4.2%), and after mydriasis was 34/2029 (1.7%) and, with the reference standard, 34/2029 (1.7% - not always the same images) were unassessable.

Conclusions

This study provides promising early results of the performance of the Eidon camera using staged mydriasis in a DESP which needs further evidence from a non-Caucasian population and from cost-effectiveness analyses.
Real-world six-month outcomes in patients switched to faricimab following partial response to anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Borchert Grace A. , Kiire Christine A. , Stone Niamh M. , Akil Handan , Gkika Theodora , Fischer M. Dominik , Xue Kanmin , Cehajic-Kapetanovic Jasmina , MacLaren Robert E. , Charbel Issa Peter , Downes Susan M. , De Silva Samantha R.
Published: October 2024

Background

Landmark studies reported on faricimab efficacy and safety predominantly in treatment naïve patients, but outcomes following switch from other anti-VEGF therapies are lacking. We evaluated patients switched to faricimab who had previously shown a partial response to other anti-VEGF injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO).

Methods

Retrospective study at the Oxford Eye Hospital. Patients switched to faricimab from January to April 2023 with six months follow-up were identified via electronic medical records.

Results

A total of 116 patients (151 eyes) were included. In 88 patients with nAMD (107 eyes), mean visual acuity remained stable: 62±17 ETDRS letters at baseline; 62±18 at six months (p > 0.05). Central subfield thickness (CST) reduced from 294 ± 73 μm to 270 ± 53 μm (p < 0.05) at six months. Subretinal or intraretinal fluid was present in 102 eyes (95%) at baseline and 75 eyes (70%) at follow-up (p < 0.05). Pigment epithelial detachment height decreased from 233 ± 134 μm to 188 ± 147 μm (p < 0.05). Mean treatment interval increased by 1.7 weeks (p < 0.05) and was extended in 61 eyes (57%) at six months. In 28 patients with DMO (44 eyes), visual acuity remained stable: 69 ± 15 letters at baseline; 70±15 at six months (p > 0.05). CST reduced from 355 ± 87 μm to 317 ± 82 μm (p < 0.05). Mean treatment interval increased by 1.4 weeks (p < 0.05) and was extended in 21 eyes (46%) by six months.

Conclusions

Switching to faricimab in treatment resistant eyes led to improved anatomical response and extended treatment interval in a significant proportion of patients. Ongoing review of real-world data will inform longer-term outcomes of safety and effectiveness.
Magnetoelectric nanodiscs enable wireless transgene-free neuromodulation
Authors: Kim Ye Ji , Kent Noah , Vargas Paniagua Emmanuel , Driscoll Nicolette , Tabet Anthony , Koehler Florian , Malkin Elian , Frey Ethan , Manthey Marie , Sahasrabudhe Atharva , Cannon Taylor M. , Nagao Keisuke , Mankus David , Bisher Margaret , de Nola Giovanni , Lytton-Jean Abigail , Signorelli Lorenzo , Gregurec Danijela , Anikeeva Polina
Published: October 2024

Deep brain stimulation with implanted electrodes has transformed neuroscience studies and treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Discovering less invasive alternatives to deep brain stimulation could expand its clinical and research applications. Nanomaterial-mediated transduction of magnetic fields into electric potentials has been explored as a means for remote neuromodulation. Here we synthesize magnetoelectric nanodiscs (MENDs) with a core–double-shell Fe3O4–CoFe2O4–BaTiO3 architecture (250 nm diameter and 50 nm thickness) with efficient magnetoelectric coupling. We find robust responses to magnetic field stimulation in neurons decorated with MENDs at a density of 1 µg mm−2 despite individual-particle potentials below the neuronal excitation threshold. We propose a model for repetitive subthreshold depolarization that, combined with cable theory, supports our observations in vitro and informs magnetoelectric stimulation in vivo. Injected into the ventral tegmental area or the subthalamic nucleus of genetically intact mice at concentrations of 1 mg ml−1, MENDs enable remote control of reward or motor behaviours, respectively. These findings set the stage for mechanistic optimization of magnetoelectric neuromodulation towards applications in neuroscience research.
Single-shot 20-fold expansion microscopy
Authors: Wang Shiwei , Shin Tay Won , Yoder Harley B. , McMillan Ryan B. , Su Hanquan , Liu Yixi , Zhang Chi , Leung Kylie S. , Yin Peng , Kiessling Laura L. , Boyden Edward S.
Published: October 2024

Expansion microscopy (ExM) is in increasingly widespread use throughout biology because its isotropic physical magnification enables nanoimaging on conventional microscopes. To date, ExM methods either expand specimens to a limited range (~4–10× linearly) or achieve larger expansion factors through iterating the expansion process a second time (~15–20× linearly). Here, we present an ExM protocol that achieves ~20× expansion (yielding <20-nm resolution on a conventional microscope) in a single expansion step, achieving the performance of iterative expansion with the simplicity of a single-shot protocol. This protocol, which we call 20ExM, supports postexpansion staining for brain tissue, which can facilitate biomolecular labeling. 20ExM may find utility in many areas of biological investigation requiring high-resolution imaging.
Preoperative scoring system for the prediction of risk of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer
Authors: Xu Mu , Xie Xiaoyan , Cai Liangzhi , Liu DaBin , Sun Pengming
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to develop and validate a preoperative scoring system to predict the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in cervical cancer (CC). A total of 426 stage IB1–IIA1 CC patients were randomly divided into two sets. A logistic regression model was used to determine independent factors that contribute to LNM. A preoperative scoring system was developed based on beta (β) coefficients. An area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was used to test for model discrimination. Five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 91.7%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that FIGO stage, tumor size, depth of invasion on MRI, and squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels were independent risk factors in the development set (all P < 0.05). The AUCs of the scoring system for the development and validation sets were 0.833 (95% CI = 0.757–0.909) and 0.767 (95% CI = 0.634–0.891), respectively. Patients who scored 0–2, 3–5, and 6–8 were classified into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups. Predicted rates were in accord with observed rates in both sets. The 5-year OS rates of the new groups were also significantly different for the entire group, development set, and validation set (all P < 0.05). LNM affects the prognosis of CC patients. The scoring system can be used to assist in evaluating the risk of LNM in CC patients preoperatively. It is easy to obtain and can provide reference for clinical treatment decision-making.
Low-valent germanium and tin hydrides as catalysts for hydroboration, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of heterocumulenes
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sayantan , Sahoo Rajata Kumar , Patro A. Ganesh , Khuntia Anwesh Prasad , Nembenna Sharanappa
Published: October 2024

Low-valent Ge & Sn hydride catalysis: herein, we establish bis-guanidinato-supported Ge and Sn hydrides as selective catalysts for hydroboration of heteroallenes with HBpin. The catalytic cycle has been proposed based on stoichiometric experiments.
Comparing basal and prismatic slips induced by thermal stresses in 4H-SiC crystals
Authors: Lu Sheng'ou , Xu Binjie , Xuan Lingling , Pi Xiaodong , Yang Deren , Han Xuefeng
Published: October 2024

The slip stresses in 4H-SiC were calculated and the effects of the diameter were investigated. It was found that with the increase of the diameter from 6 to 8 inches, the prismatic slip more likely to occur but the basal slip hardly changes.
Cyclization of alanyl–valine dipeptides in the solid state. The effects of molecular radiator and heat capacity
Authors: Tkachenko Daria V. , Larionov Radik A. , Ziganshina Sufia A. , Khayarov Khasan R. , Klimovitskii Aleksandr E. , Babaeva Olga B. , Gorbatchuk Valery V. , Ziganshin Marat A.
Published: October 2024

The structural features and thermophysical properties of dipeptide crystals affect their solid-state cyclization.
Crumbling crystals: on the dissolution mechanism of NaCl in water
Authors: O'Neill Niamh , Schran Christoph , Cox Stephen J. , Michaelides Angelos
Published: October 2024

Machine-learned atomistic simulations reveal that NaCl dissolves via a crumbling mechanism.
Effects of adjusting nickel pulse count on NiOx films prepared by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Kuang Xuanfei , Liu Zongtao , Hong Yang , Chen Yongjuan , Xiao Yao , Liang Zongcun
Published: October 2024

Investigation of the effect of varying nickel pulse numbers in atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the performance of prepared NiOx thin films.
Correction: Emerging investigator series: long-term exposure of amorphous silica nanoparticles disrupts the lysosomal and cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages
Authors: Ma Ronglin , Cai Xiaoming , Zhou Ye , Liu Xi , Wu Di , Zheng Huizhen , Pan Yanxia , Jiang Jun , Xu Shujuan , Xie Qianqian , Jiang Jie , Wang Weili , Tarasenko Nikolai , Wang Fangjun , Li Ruibin
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Emerging investigator series: long-term exposure of amorphous silica nanoparticles disrupts the lysosomal and cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages’ by Ronglin Ma et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2022, 9, 105–117, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EN00696G.
Operando FT-IR spectroscopy as a useful tool for elucidating the fate of phthalimide-N-oxyl catalytically active species
Authors: Subbotina Irina R. , Lopat’eva Elena R. , Krylov Igor B. , Terent’ev Alexander O.
Published: October 2024

Characteristic IR bands of catalytically active PINO radicals were found, acidity was discovered as key factor determining PINO decay path.
Synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles from N-arylacrylamides and unactivated alkyl bromides via nickel-catalyzed cascade cyclization and their inhibitory effect on NO release
Authors: Lv Jiaxing , Ma Mingyu , Geng Zhiyuan , Huang Yuru , Wei Hanyu , Yang Runzhe , Fang Xianhe , Bi Yi
Published: October 2024

A Ni-catalyzed cascade cyclization of N-acrylamides and unactivated alkyl bromides to synthesize 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles was reported.
Supramolecular purification of aromatic polyester monomers from chemical depolymerization
Authors: Lienhart Gavan W. , Palisin Thomas , Gross William , Moll Amelia , Eagan James M.
Published: October 2024

The separation and recovery of PET monomers from chemical recycling is demonstrated with the use of supramolecular binding.
A fluorescent probe with serum albumin as a signal amplifier for real-time sensing of HSO3− in solution, mitochondria of animal cells and rice roots
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Verma Shagun , Singla Nancy , Singh Bhadwal Siloni , Kaur Satwinderjeet , Singh Prabhpreet , Kumar Subodh
Published: October 2024

Exploitation of billirubin drug binding cavity of HSA for the endogeneous and exogeneous detection of HSO3− in HeLa cell mitochondria and detection of HSO3− in root using CTAB.
Adapting to change: resolving the dynamic and dual roles of NCK1 and NCK2
Authors: Teyssier Valentine , Williamson Casey R. , Shata Erka , Rosen Stephanie P. , Jones Nina , Bisson Nicolas
Published: October 2024

Adaptor proteins play central roles in the assembly of molecular complexes and co-ordinated activation of specific pathways. Through their modular domain structure, the NCK family of adaptor proteins (NCK1 and NCK2) link protein targets via their single SRC Homology (SH) 2 and three SH3 domains. Classically, their SH2 domain binds to phosphotyrosine motif-containing receptors (e.g. receptor tyrosine kinases), while their SH3 domains bind polyproline motif-containing cytoplasmic effectors. Due to these functions being established for both NCK1 and NCK2, their roles were inaccurately assumed to be redundant. However, in contrast with this previously held view, NCK1 and NCK2 now have a growing list of paralog-specific functions, which underscores the need to further explore their differences. Here we review current evidence detailing how these two paralogs are unique, including differences in their gene/protein regulation, binding partners and overall contributions to cellular functions. To help explain these contrasting characteristics, we then discuss SH2/SH3 structural features, disordered interdomain linker regions and post-translational modifications. Together, this review seeks to highlight the importance of distinguishing NCK1 and NCK2 in research and to pave the way for investigations into the origins of their interaction specificity.
Calcium signaling in mitochondrial intermembrane space
Authors: Goyani Shanikumar , Shukla Shatakshi , Jadiya Pooja , Tomar Dhanendra
Published: October 2024

The mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) is a highly protected compartment, second only to the matrix. It is a crucial bridge, coordinating mitochondrial activities with cellular processes such as metabolites, protein, lipid, and ion exchange. This regulation influences signaling pathways for metabolic activities and cellular homeostasis. The IMS harbors various proteins critical for initiating apoptotic cascades and regulating reactive oxygen species production by controlling the respiratory chain. Calcium (Ca2+), a key intracellular secondary messenger, enter the mitochondrial matrix via the IMS, regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics, ATP production, modulating cell death pathways. IMS acts as a regulatory site for Ca2+ entry due to the presence of different Ca2+ sensors such as MICUs, solute carriers (SLCs); ion exchangers (LETM1/SCaMCs); S100A1, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and EFHD1, each with unique Ca2+ binding motifs and spatial localizations. This review primarily emphasizes the role of these IMS-localized Ca2+ sensors concerning their spatial localization, mechanism, and molecular functions. Additionally, we discuss how these sensors contribute to the progression and pathogenesis of various human health conditions and diseases.
Evidence of Peripheral Vestibular Impairment Among Adults With Chronic Moderate–Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Feller Jessica J. , Duff Melissa C. , Clough Sharice , Jacobson Gary P. , Roberts Richard A. , Romero Daniel J.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among adults in the United States. There is evidence to suggest the peripheral vestibular system is vulnerable to damage in individuals with TBI. However, there are limited prospective studies that describe the type and frequency of vestibular impairment in individuals with chronic moderate–severe TBI (> 6 months postinjury).

Method:

Cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and video head impulse test (vHIT) were used to assess the function of otolith organ and horizontal semicircular canal (hSCC) pathways in adults with chronic moderate–severe TBI and in noninjured comparison (NC) participants. Self-report questionnaires were administered to participants with TBI to determine prevalence of vestibular symptoms and quality of life associated with those symptoms.

Results:

Chronic moderate–severe TBI was associated with a greater degree of impairment in otolith organ, rather than hSCC, pathways. About 63% of participants with TBI had abnormal VEMP responses, compared to only ~10% with abnormal vHIT responses. The NC group had significantly less abnormal VEMP responses (~7%), while none of the NC participants had abnormal vHIT responses. As many as 80% of participants with TBI reported vestibular symptoms, and up to 36% reported that these symptoms negatively affected their quality of life.

Conclusions:

Adults with TBI reported vestibular symptoms and decreased quality of life related to those symptoms and had objective evidence of peripheral vestibular impairment. Vestibular testing for adults with chronic TBI who report persistent dizziness and imbalance may serve as a guide for treatment and rehabilitation in these individuals.
Dynamics of Motor Skill Learning in American and Israeli Toddlers With Varied Language Proficiency
Authors: DeVeney Shari L. , Dotan Shirly , Weberman Inbal , Julius Mona S. , Adi-Japha Esther
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

The aim of the present study was twofold: to determine if deficits in motor skill proficiency and learning were present in 2-year-old children identified with early expressive language delay compared to peers without the delay, and to distinguish how motor skill proficiency and learning behaviors may manifest differently across culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.

Method:

The study involved 54 children (24–36 months of age), 23 of whom were identified as having an expressive language delay. Furthermore, 16 participants were American and English-speaking and 38 were Israeli and Hebrew-speaking. After motor and language skill proficiency was assessed using a variety of measures, each child and participating parent were introduced to a nonsymmetrical-shaped insertion task so that motor learning skills could be observed. This block insertion task was observed for each child at three time points and included a transfer task (same task, new nonsymmetrical shape).

Results:

Children with early expressive language delay were statistically significantly more likely to exhibit deficits in fine-motor proficiency than peers without language delay, regardless of country of origin or language spoken. Furthermore, participants with language delay demonstrated significantly higher error rates in transfer task completion compared with peers. Finally, participants in the U.S. sample indicated lower fine-motor skills and higher error rates than those in the Israeli sample.

Conclusion:

Differences in motor skill proficiency were universally associated with language delay status, indicating support for the notion that language acquisition deficits may extend beyond the linguistic system even in young children identified as late talkers.
Advances in medical image analysis: A comprehensive survey of lung infection detection
Authors: Kordnoori Shirin , Sabeti Maliheh , Mostafaei Hamidreza , Seyed Agha Banihashemi Saeed
Published: October 2024

This research investigates advanced approaches in medical image analysis, specifically focusing on segmentation and classification techniques, as well as their integration into multi‐task architectures for lung infections. This research begins by explaining key architectural models used in segmentation and classification tasks. The study extends to the enhancement of these architectures through attention modules and conditional random fields. Relevant datasets and evaluation metrics, incorporating discussions on loss functions are also reviewed. This review encompasses recent advancements in single‐task and multi‐task models, highlighting innovations in semi‐supervised, self‐supervised, few‐shot, and zero‐shot learning techniques. Empirical analysis is conducted on both single‐task and multi‐task architectures, predominantly utilizing the U‐Net framework, and is applied across multiple datasets for segmentation and classification tasks. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of these models and provide insights into the strengths and limitations of different approaches. This research contributes to improved detection and diagnosis of lung infections by offering a comprehensive overview of current methodologies and their practical applications.
Predicting steady degradation in ship power system: A deep learning approach based on comprehensive monitoring parameters
Authors: Chang Xingshan , Xu Xiaojian , Qiu Bohua , Wei Muheng , Yan Xinping , Liu Jie
Published: October 2024

Steady degradation (SD) prediction is crucial for the intelligent operation and maintenance of ship power system (SPS). Addressing the challenge of predicting the SD process, this study introduces the YC2Model, a system‐level predictive method that integrates encoding time slice data to images (ETSD2I) with a convolutional neural network and Transformer. Incorporating the Transformer, in particular, enables the YC2Model to predict the SD state of SPS over extended periods more effectively. Compared to baseline models, YC2Model demonstrates superior performance on key performance indicators, including the highest coefficient of determination () of 0.960717, and the lowest symmetric mean absolute percentage error of 0.015500, mean square error of 0.707211 × 10−4, root mean square error of 0.008410, and mean absolute error of 0.006519, proving its superior predictive accuracy. The correlation between model performance variations and degradation mechanisms is validated through statistical analysis of the YC2Model's performance in different stages of the SD process. During the SD process, YC2Model exhibits high predictive accuracy, an ability to capture changes in degradation mechanisms and robust adaptability to degradation trends. This model can provide precise and reliable SD state predictions for the intelligent operation and maintenance of SPS.
Multi‐function radar work mode recognition based on residual shrinkage reconstruction recurrent neural network
Authors: Wang Lihong , Xie Kai
Published: October 2024

In modern electronic warfare, multi‐function radar work mode recognition is increasingly crucial. However, the challenges posed by complex electromagnetic environments, such as lost pulses, spurious pulses, and measurement errors, along with the reliance of traditional multi‐task learning strategies on clean samples, make it difficult for existing algorithms to achieve satisfactory recognition performance in real‐world scenarios. To address these issues, this paper introduces a novel residual shrinkage reconstruction recurrent neural network (RS‐RRNN). The network uses a Gated Recurrent Unit as its backbone to extract temporal features and enhances feature extraction by reconstructing the GRU's input, while also reducing dependence on clean samples. These features are then processed through a residual shrinkage structure to reduce noise, which significantly improves the model's robustness in non‐ideal scenarios. Simulations demonstrate that RS‐RNN has better performances in accuracy and robustness than existing networks.
Projections of the uncertainty on the compact binary population background using popstock
Authors: Renzini Arianna I. , Golomb Jacob
Published: October 2024

The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration has announced the detection to date of almost 100 binary black holes that have been used in several studies to infer the features of the underlying binary black hole population. From these objects it is possible to predict the overall gravitational-wave (GW) fractional energy density contributed by black holes throughout the Universe, and thus estimate the gravitational-wave background (GWB) spectrum emitted in the current GW detector band. These predictions are fundamental in our forecasts for background detection and characterisation, with both present and future instruments. The uncertainties in the inferred population strongly impact the predicted energy spectrum, and in this paper we present a new flexible method to quickly calculate the energy spectrum for varying black hole population features, such as the mass spectrum and redshift distribution. We have implemented this method in an open-access package, popstock, and extensively tested its capabilities. Using popstock, we investigated how uncertainties in these distributions impact our detection capabilities, and present several caveats for background estimation. In particular, we find that the standard assumption that the background signal follows a two-thirds power law at low frequencies is both waveform and mass-model dependent, and that the power-law signal is likely shallower than previously modelled, given the current waveform and population knowledge.
Quantifying soil losses and dust emissions by wind tunnel experiments in the cultivated steppe of Kazakhstan
Authors: Koza Moritz , Marzen Miriam , Funk Roger , Akshalov Kanat , Schmidt Gerd
Published: October 2024

Expanding agriculture and unsustainable farming practices in Central Asia’s steppes may increase the risk of wind erosion and severe dust emissions. However, empirical data from field experiments to assess a potential severe dust source is lacking. Therefore, a mobile wind tunnel was used in northern Kazakhstan to investigate the potential wind-induced soil loss and dust emissions under real field conditions common in agricultural practices. Field experiments were carried out on typical surfaces that act as dust sources: seedbeds as they occur after cultivation, in-field tracks, and dirt roads. Measurements were conducted by sediment collection of total eroded material and optical particle counting for particulate matter ≤30 µm. The results of the wind tunnel experiments show that the same soil can emit significantly different amounts of dust depending on the mechanical stress to which the soil was previously exposed. Soil loss and dust emissions increased from seedbeds to dirt roads due to the intensifying effect of pulverization by tires. In order to assess an area as a dust source or for emission inventories, the total emissions must be adjusted separately to these shares. Further insights of the field experiments will be presented at the conference.
Assessment of aerosol particles using a new index
Authors: Moghim Sanaz , Goftari Ehsan
Published: October 2024

Dry beds of lakes and surrounding areas play an important role in dust production. This work develops a new index called Aerosol Type Detection Index using the Extinction Coefficient and Depolarization Ratio. The developed index shows values between zero and 0.15 for desert dust and -0.3 to zero for polluted desert dust particles in two regions including the Aral Sea in Central Asia and Hamoun Lake in Sistan, Iran. Although the dried beds of these lakes are susceptible to strong winds, wind speed profiles show that north of the Aral Sea and northwest of Hamoun Lake can be dust storm sources in these regions.
Causal relationship between seasonal variation in surface roughness and dust and sandstorm occurrence in arid and semi-arid Mongolia
Authors: Ying Tian , Hagiwara Katsuro , Hoshino Buho
Published: October 2024

In this study, the causal relationship between seasonal variations in surface conditions and DSS generation was investigated through the integrated use of the C-band backscatter coefficient (J 0) of the Sentinel 1 microwave satellite from the optical satellite sensor (Terra/MODIS). Because of the very high reflectance of the background soil in sparsely vegetated bare land, it has been difficult to rely solely on optical satellite data for accurate surface condition assessment in previous studies. Therefore, we used SAR and optical data to represent the spatial variability of backscatter coefficients for different surface conditions in the Gobi Desert and Steppe areas, and employed the C-band backscatter coefficient from the Sentinel-1 microwave satellite as a key parameter. The results show that in the Gobi Desert region, the correlation between the seasonal variation of backscatter coefficients and NDVI is highly significant, with a maximum correlation coefficient in fall (R=0.645, p<0.001) an inverse correlation in summer (R=-0.216, p<0.001), indicating little seasonal variation between NDVI and backscatter coefficients. In conclusion, surface roughness (σ0) is relatively low and stable from winter to the following spring and increases with plant growth in summer. In the Gobi Desert region, surface roughness changes little throughout the year, but in the steppe region, surface roughness increases with vegetation growth during the rainy season, which suppresses the generation of DSS.
The content of heavy metals in dust aerosols of Northern Tajikistan
Authors: Rakhmatov Muhamadi , Abdullaev Sabur F.
Published: October 2024

The concentrations of heavy metals in the form of free elements or oxides, as well as arsenic in samples of atmospheric aerosols, collected in northern Tajikistan in the period from 2013 to 2019, are determined. Local sources of heavy metals, mainly anthropogenic (motor vehicles, metallurgical industrial plants, open tailing dumps, etc.) in origin, are discussed. It is accepted that metals of natural origin usually have low coefficients of variation, while metals associated with anthropogenic sources are characterized by high CVs and reflect a heterogeneous distribution of concentrations.
Quantification of a long-range transport dust event in the Middle East
Authors: Bayat Farizeh , Taheri Ahmad , Panahifar Hossein
Published: October 2024

A severe dust storm was triggered by a cyclonic system in the southern part of Turkey and in the region around the border of Iraq and Syria on 7 April 2022. The huge dust plume has been tracked using CALIOP recordings, ECMWF, and HYSPLIT analysis in this study. The emitted dust experienced a longrange transport from its emission sources and reached to the west, central, and even the northeast of Iran. In this work, this dust event has been investigated quantitatively to provide applicable information for governments and decision makers. Vertical dust mass concentration (DMC) and horizontal dust mass flux (DMF) have been obtained in three regions on the dust plume pathway. These three regions have been located on dust emission source, Tehran metropolitan area and the northeast of Iran. The maximum of corresponding DMC for three regions were 1703, 1543, and 1120 μg/m3at 1.2 km, 1 km, and 1.8 km above mean see level, and DMF were 22.4±2.3 Mg, 10±0.9 Mg, and 8.1±0.9 Mg per second, respectively.
Long-range transport characteristics of mineral dust from North Africa to East Asia based on simulation
Authors: Zhou Tian , Wang Yufei , Yang Zining , Li Xingran , Song Xiaokai , Huang Zhongwei , Huang Jianping
Published: October 2024

Dust from North Africa and Middle East can be long-range transported to East Asia and affect regional climate and environment. In this study, the separated simulation of the updated WRF-Chem model are used to investigate the transport characteristics of North African and Middle East dust during a dust event captured by ground-based lidar in Dunhuang, China on 5~8 April, 2012. The results show that it taken 6~7 days for dust plume transport from North Africa to East Asia. During the transport, the maximum concentration of dust plume decreased obviously. The top and bottom height remained at the altitude of 4~8 km. The results enrich the research on the transport of dust from North Africa to East Asia.
Investigation of aerosol deposition using an improved advection-diffusion Eulerian deposition model
Authors: Gharibzadeh Maryam , Massah Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Particle deposition has a significant effect on air quality and human health. By knowing the deposition mechanisms, more effective control measures can be taken to reduce the health risks of particulate matter such as dust and anthropogenic aerosol. Accurate modeling of aerosol deposition mechanisms is an important step in solving air pollution problems. This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to predict particulate matter deposition. A modified advection-diffusion model is used to identify the deposition mechanisms and predict the particle deposition rate. This model considers particle displacement toward the surface through many mechanisms such as Brownian and eddy diffusion, thermophoresis, turbophoresis, etc. It covers a much more comprehensive range of deposition mechanisms than other Eulerian models. Besides, it works under both laminar and turbulent airflow. The results show that the modeling results performed in this work are in excellent agreement with the experimental results reported in other research.
Characteristics of dust-salt transfer from the dried bottom of the Aral Sea and the Aral region, as well as their lossout
Authors: Kosnazarov Kudaybergen , Ametov Yakub , Khabibullaev Amet , Reymov Axmed , Turdimambetov Izimbet , Shaniyazov Shakhimardan , Berdimuratova Alima
Published: October 2024

This article reflects environmental changes associated with a decrease in the level of the Aral Sea, the processes of salt formation and aeolian migration on the southern coast of the Aral Sea, their distribution in the environment, their causes and possible consequences.
Comparative analysis of PM10 concentrations in Nukus and Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Ground observations, CAMS, and MERRA-2 reanalysis
Authors: Rakhmatova Natella , Nishonov Bakhriddin , Shardakova Lyudmila , Amonov Mansur , Belikov Dmitry
Published: October 2024

This study examines the PM10 concentration in Nukus and Tashkent, Uzbekistan during 2014– 2015 using ground data, CAMS, and MERRA-2 reanalysis. The results show that Nukus has more than twice the average PM10 concentration compared to Tashkent. CAMS better reproduces the observed concentrations, while MERRA-2 overestimates them, especially in winter. CAMS is also superior in capturing medium-term (7–10 days) PM10 peaks. A case study of a dust storm in May 2018 illustrates the ability of CAMS to estimate PM10 spatial distribution, dust dispersion dynamics, and meteorological factors. Therefore, CAMS is the preferred choice for PM10 analysis in areas without ground data in Uzbekistan.
Characterizing land surface dynamics in Aral Sea basin of Uzbekistan using climatic and remote sensing data to project future conditions
Authors: Aslanov Ilhomjon , Teshaev Nozimjon , Jabbarov Zafarjon , Opp Christian , Oymatov Rustam , Karimov Yunus , Henebry Geoffrey
Published: October 2024

Since the 1960s, agricultural expansion and the unsustainable use of surface water in Central Asia have caused significant environmental problems in the Aral Sea basin. As a result, the Aral Sea region has experienced major environmental changes, including the formation of a new desert Aralkum on the desiccated lake bed. Deflation of salt dust from the dry areas of the former Aral Sea, the nowadays Aralkum, are an often occurred phenomenon. This poses a significant threat to both nature and human health in the region. Our analyses indicate that both the surface cover of the southern Aral Sea region and the climate there have undergone significant changes during the last 60 years.
Land management to control sand and dust storm sources – case study: The dust hotspot of south-eastern Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Abbasi Hamidreza , Jalili Adel , Kosroshahi Mohammad , Fayaz Mohammad , Khaksarian Farhad , Kenshlo Hashem , Gohardoust Azadeh , Behnamfar Koresh , Groll Michael , Opp Christian
Published: October 2024

Sand and dust storms cause damages to infrastructure, human society, and the environment. The methods used to control wind erosion depend on the type of ecosystem and land use. The purpose of this paper is to present the measures taken to control wind erosion in south-eastern Ahvaz (Khuzestan, Iran), which is a hotspot for dust storms. The map of land units was prepared using land resources method using remote sensing and field survey based on land forms and soil properties. The stationary ecological factors such as landform, geology, soils, and plants were surveyed and mapped on a 1:25,000 scale. The variation of dynamic ecological characteristics (climate, water resources) and the socioeconomic resources of lands factors related to dust production were also studied, and attribute table were formed in GIS environment. The ecological capability maps of different land uses including forestry, agriculture, range management, and environmental conservation were developed using Makhdoum’s model by analysis data and overlaying geographical maps in Geographical Information System. Based on the land capability class of each unit, specific dust control projects were identified for implementation. The results of land use showed that 37% of the dust source area is covered by rangelands, 10% by bare land, 11% by dried wetlands, 24% by rainfed, and 13% by farmland. The different control approaches were designed based on the type of land use such as dried wetlands, degraded rangeland, dunefields, and cropland.
Wind erosion and villages relocation in the Sistan area, Iran
Authors: Akhlaghi Seyed Jafar Seyed , Abbasi Hamidreza , Gohardoust Azadeh
Published: October 2024

The Sistan Plain has four sand corridors that have caused numerous problems for its inhabitants due to wind erosion. The lack of water resulting from dam construction and climate change has made it necessary for these people to relocation. Instead of stabilizing the active sand dunes, it is more cost-effective to relocate a limited population to villages outside the corridors. The strong winds in the region prevent the sediment from being retained for 120 days. This study examines the feasibility of planned population relocation and the relocation of rural settlements at risk to safer areas to determine if moving villages from within the dust corridors is the right decision. The overall findings of this research indicate that, as a result of the prolonged drought and the presence of fine dust, along with the unsuccessful diplomatic efforts to address the issue of Hamoun-wetland rights, the proposed solution is to systematically relocate over 12,000 rural households from 125 villages to a new and secure location.
Determinants of carbon emissions disclosure: Study of mining companies of the Indonesian stock exchange
Authors: Kurniawan Rasyid Ridha , Widagdo Ari Kuncara , Ika Siti Rochmah
Published: October 2024

In recent years, countries around the world have faced the problem of climate change. Carbon emissions from human activities, including company operations, play a significant role in this phenomenon. Mining companies, whose operations primarily burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas production, are among the largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters among other industries. This study analyzes the factors thatinfluence the disclosure of carbon emissions in mining companies listed onthe IDX during the 2018-2022 period, with a focus on environmentalperformance and board characteristics. The research sample includes 230 companies. This research uses a panel data approach to analyze data, with Eviews as an analysis tool. The findings of this study indicate that both environmental performance and board size play a significant role in encouraging companies to be more open in informing their carbon emissionsdata. This finding suggests that ISO 14001 certification can help companiesmanage their environmental performance so that they can calculate, monitorand report their carbon footprint. In addition, a larger board size will be moreeffective in the supervision process and increase corporate accountability towards environmental disclosure issues.