bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caught between a rock and a hard place: An intrinsic single case study of nurse researchers’ experiences of the presence of a nursing research culture in clinical practice
Authors: Berthelsen Connie Bøttcher , Hølge‐Hazelton Bibi
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectives

To explore how nurse researchers in clinical positions experience the presence of a nursing research culture in clinical practice.

Background

Higher demands in the hospitals for increasing the quality of patient care engender a higher demand for the skills of health professionals and evidence‐based practice. However, the utilisation of nursing research in clinical practice is still limited.

Design

Intrinsic single case study design underlined by a constructivist perspective.

Methods

Data were produced through a focus group interview with seven nurse researchers employed in clinical practice in two university hospitals in Zealand, Denmark, to capture the intrinsic aspects of the concept of nursing research culture in the context of clinical practice. A thematic analysis was conducted based on Braun and Clarke's theoretical guideline.

Results

“Caught between a rock and a hard place” was constructed as the main theme describing how nurse researchers in clinical positions experience the presence of a nursing research culture in clinical practice. The main theme was supported by three subthemes: Minimal academic tradition affects nursing research; Minimal recognition from physicians affects nursing research; and Moving towards a research culture.

Conclusions

The nurse researchers in this study did not experience the presence of a nursing research culture in clinical practice, however; they called for more attention on removing barriers against research utilisation, promotion of applied research and interdisciplinary research collaboration, and passionate management support.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results of this case study show the pressure which nurse researchers employed in clinical practice are exposed to, and give examples on how to accommodate the further development of a nursing research culture in clinical practice.
Proteasome‐independent functions of lysine‐63 polyubiquitination in plants
Authors: Romero‐Barrios Natali , Vert Grégory
Published: November 2017

Contents

Summary
995

I.
Introduction
995

II.
The plant Ub machinery
996

III.
From Ub to Ub linkage types in plants
997

IV.
Increasing analytical resolution for K63 polyUb in plants
998

V.
How to build K63 polyUb chains?
998

VI.
Cellular roles of K63 polyUb in plants
999

VII.
Physiological roles of K63 polyUb in plants
1004

VIII.
Future perspectives: towards the next level of the Ub code
1006

Acknowledgements
1006

References
1007

Ubiquitination is a post‐translational modification essential for the regulation of eukaryotic proteins, having an impact on protein fate, function, localization or activity. What originally appeared to be a simple system to regulate protein turnover by the 26S proteasome is now known to be the most intricate regulatory process cells have evolved. Ubiquitin can be arranged in countless chain assemblies, triggering various cellular outcomes. Polyubiquitin chains using lysine‐63 from ubiquitin represent the second most abundant type of ubiquitin modification. Recent studies have exposed their common function in proteasome‐independent functions in non‐plant model organisms. The existence of lysine‐63 polyubiquitination in plants is, however, only just emerging. In this review, we discuss the recent advances on the characterization of ubiquitin chains and the molecular mechanisms driving the formation of lysine‐63‐linked ubiquitin modifications. We provide an overview of the roles associated with lysine‐63 polyubiquitination in plant cells in the light of what is known in non‐plant models. Finally, we review the crucial roles of lysine‐63 polyubiquitin‐dependent processes in plant growth, development and responses to environmental conditions.
The plant hormone salicylic acid interacts with the mechanism of anti‐herbivory conferred by fungal endophytes in grasses
Authors: Bastías Daniel A. , Alejandra Martínez‐Ghersa M. , Newman Jonathan A. , Card Stuart D. , Mace Wade J. , Gundel Pedro E.
Published: November 2017

The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is recognized as an effective defence against biotrophic pathogens, but its role as regulator of beneficial plant symbionts has received little attention. We studied the relationship between the SA hormone and leaf fungal endophytes on herbivore defences in symbiotic grasses. We hypothesize that the SA exposure suppresses the endophyte reducing the fungal‐produced alkaloids. Because of the role that alkaloids play in anti‐herbivore defences, any reduction in their production should make host plants more susceptible to herbivores. Lolium multiflorum plants symbiotic and nonsymbiotic with the endophyte Epichloë occultans were exposed to SA followed by a challenge with the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. We measured the level of plant resistance to aphids, and the defences conferred by endophytes and host plants. Symbiotic plants had lower concentrations of SA than did the nonsymbiotic counterparts. Consistent with our prediction, the hormonal treatment reduced the concentration of loline alkaloids (i.e., N‐formyllolines and N‐acetylnorlolines) and consequently decreased the endophyte‐conferred resistance against aphids. Our study highlights the importance of the interaction between the plant immune system and endophytes for the stability of the defensive mutualism. Our results indicate that the SA plays a critical role in regulating the endophyte‐conferred resistance against herbivores.
‘If You Lose Your Youth, You Lose Your Heart and Your Future’: Affective Figures of Youth in Community Tensions Surrounding a Proposed Coal Seam Gas Project
Authors: Coffey Julia , Threadgold Steven , Farrugia David , Sherval Meg , Hanley Jo , Askew Michael , Askland Hedda
Published: November 2017

The article discusses the tensions regarding the challenge to balance agriculture with a proposed coal seam gas mine in Narrabri, a regional centre in New South Wales, Australia, which revolved around notions of youth and ‘the future’. ‘Youth’ as a symbolic category were positioned at the heart of the issues associated with land‐use in the region on both sides of the debate. Young people were described throughout the study as an abstract symbol of ‘the future’. How exactly ‘the future’ was related to youth as a symbolic category depended largely on participants’ perspectives on the proposed Coal Seam Gas (CSG) mining project. For those who supported the CSG project, the figure of youth signified hope of economic invigoration. For those who opposed the CSG project, the loss of landscape for future generations of youth was a key concern due the potential irreversible environmental impacts associated with the extractive industry in the area. We argue ‘youth’ becomes a ‘figure’ imbued with the region's affective anxieties surrounding land‐use change. The concept of affect is developed to aid understanding of the collective and embodied dynamics at play in the differing perspectives on CSG extraction and its impact for the future of Narrabri.
Pathogen reduction and blood transfusion safety in Africa: strengths, limitations and challenges of implementation in low‐resource settings
Authors: Ware A. D. , Jacquot C. , Tobian A. A. R. , Gehrie E. A. , Ness P. M. , Bloch E. M.
Published: November 2017

Transfusion‐transmitted infection risk remains an enduring challenge to blood safety in Africa. A high background incidence and prevalence of the major transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs), dependence on high‐risk donors to meet demand, suboptimal testing and quality assurance collectively contribute to the increased risk. With few exceptions, donor testing is confined to serological evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) and syphilis. Barriers to implementation of broader molecular methods include cost, limited infrastructure and lack of technical expertise. Pathogen reduction (PR), a term used to describe a variety of methods (e.g. solvent detergent treatment or photochemical activation) that may be applied to blood following collection, offers the means to diminish the infectious potential of multiple pathogens simultaneously. This is effective against different classes of pathogen, including the major TTIs where laboratory screening is already implemented (e.g. HIV, HBV and HCV) as well pathogens that are widely endemic yet remain unaddressed (e.g. malaria, bacterial contamination). We sought to review the available and emerging PR techniques and their potential application to resource‐constrained parts of Africa, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of such technologies. PR has been slow to be adopted even in high‐income countries, primarily given the high costs of use. Logistical considerations, particularly in low‐resourced parts of Africa, also raise concerns about practicality. Nonetheless, PR offers a rational, innovative strategy to contend with TTIs; technologies in development may well present a viable complement or even alternative to targeted screening in the future.
Residential choices of foreign highly skilled workers in the Netherlands and the role of neighbourhood and urban regional characteristics
Authors: Beckers Pascal , Boschman Sanne
Published: November 2017

In the international competition for talent, local and national policy makers are keen to better understand the location choices of highly skilled workers in order to design more effective policies geared towards the group’s attraction and retention. In this study, we explain whether and to what extent the local living environment, in particular characteristics at the neighbourhood and urban regional level, affect the residential choices of foreign highly skilled workers. We make use of register data from Statistics Netherlands on the residential locations of all of these migrants who entered the Netherlands between 2000 and 2009. We combine this dataset with data on relevant characteristics at the neighbourhood level as well as with relevant amenities and labour market characteristics at the regional level. We estimate a negative binomial regression model to test which characteristics of neighbourhoods and urban regions are associated with high inflows of foreign highly skilled workers at the neighbourhood level. We find that, besides labour market characteristics, the characteristics of the local environment do matter for location choices of foreign highly skilled workers in the Netherlands. This group tends to settle in higher income, inner city neighbourhoods that offer a high degree of urban vibe. Furthermore, residential choices differ between single and multi-person households and change with duration of stay in the country.
A Real-Time Robust Method to Detect BeiDou GEO/IGSO Orbital Maneuvers
Authors: Huang Guanwen , Qin Zhiwei , Zhang Qin , Wang Le , Yan Xingyuan , Fan Lihong , Wang Xiaolei
Published: November 2017

The frequent maneuvering of BeiDou Geostationary Orbit (GEO) and Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) satellites affects the availability of real-time orbit, and decreases the accuracy and performance of positioning, navigation and time (PNT) services. BeiDou satellite maneuver information cannot be obtained by common users. BeiDou broadcast ephemeris is the only indicator of the health status of satellites, which are broadcast on an hourly basis, easily leading to ineffective observations. Sometimes, identification errors of satellite abnormity also appear in the broadcast ephemeris. This study presents a real-time robust detection method for a satellite orbital maneuver with high frequency and high reliability. By using the broadcast ephemeris and pseudo-range observations, the time discrimination factor and the satellite identification factor were defined and used for the real-time detection of start time and the pseudo-random noise code (PRN) of satellites was used for orbital maneuvers. Data from a Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) was collected and analyzed. The results show that the start time and the PRN of the satellite orbital maneuver could be detected accurately in real time. In addition, abnormal start times and satellite abnormities caused by non-maneuver factors also could be detected using the proposed method. The new method not only improves the utilization of observations for users with the data effective for about 92 min, but also promotes the reliability of real-time PNT services.
Dark Current in the SAPHIRA Series of APD Arrays
Authors: Atkinson Dani E. , Hall Donald N. B. , Jacobson Shane M. , Baker Ian M.
Published: November 2017

We present the dark current performance of the SAPHIRA series of HgCdTe APD arrays, characterized as a function of bias voltage and temperature. We measure a gain-normalized dark current in multiple SAPHIRA arrays of

from unity gain (

) up to an avalanche gain of ∼5 (

). Under a restricted subarray and long exposures, we set an implied upper limit on intrinsic dark current in the SAPHIRA of

. These values are still dominated by glow, NIR illumination generated by the readout integrated circuit.
Dynamical Characterization of Galaxies at z ∼ 4–6 via Tilted Ring Fitting to ALMA [C ii] Observations
Authors: Jones G. C. , Carilli C. L. , Shao Y. , Wang R. , Capak P. L. , Pavesi R. , Riechers D. A. , Karim A. , Neeleman M. , Walter F.
Published: November 2017

Until recently, determining the rotational properties of galaxies in the early universe (

, universe age

Gyr) was impractical, with the exception of a few strongly lensed systems. Combining the high resolution and sensitivity of ALMA at (sub-)millimeter wavelengths with the typically high strength of the [C ii] 158 μm emission line from galaxies and long-developed dynamical modeling tools raises the possibility of characterizing the gas dynamics in both extreme starburst galaxies and normal star-forming disk galaxies at

. Using a procedure centered around GIPSY’s rotcur task, we have fit tilted ring models to some of the best available ALMA [C ii] data of a small set of galaxies: the MS galaxies HZ9 and HZ10, the damped Lyα absorber host galaxy ALMA J0817+1351, the submm galaxies AzTEC/C159 and COSMOS J1000+0234, and the quasar host galaxy ULAS J1319+0950. This procedure directly derives rotation curves and dynamical masses as functions of radius for each object. In one case, we present evidence for a dark matter halo of

. We present an analysis of the possible velocity dispersions of two sources based on matching simulated observations to the integrated [C ii] line profiles. Finally, we test the effects of observation resolution and sensitivity on our results. While the conclusions remain limited at the resolution and signal-to-noise ratios of these observations, the results demonstrate the viability of the modeling tools at high redshift, and the exciting potential for detailed dynamical analysis of the earliest galaxies, as ALMA achieves full observational capabilities.
Expression and function of interferon lambda receptor 1 variants
Authors: Novotny Laura A. , Meissner Eric G.
Published: October 2024

Lambda interferons (IFNLs) provide critical host defense against pathogens encountered at mucosal surfaces. In humans, IFNL signaling is regulated in part by low and cell‐type restricted expression of the lambda interferon receptor 1 protein with expression restricted primarily to epithelial cells located at mucosal surfaces. This review will examine the evidence suggesting a role for IFNLR1 transcriptional variants in mediating cell responsiveness to IFNL ligand exposure and regulation of pathway activity.
Exploration of Chemical Space Through Automated Reasoning
Authors: Clymo Judith , Collins Christopher M. , Atkinson Katie , Dyer Matthew S. , Gaultois Michael W. , Gusev Vladimir V. , Rosseinsky Matthew J. , Schewe Sven
Published: October 2024

The vast size of composition space poses a significant challenge for materials chemistry: exhaustive enumeration of potentially interesting compositions is typically infeasible, hindering assessment of important criteria ranging from novelty and stability to cost and performance. We report a tool, Comgen, for the efficient exploration of composition space, which makes use of logical methods from computer science used for proving theorems. We demonstrate how these techniques, which have not previously been applied to materials discovery, can enable reasoning about scientific domain knowledge provided by human experts. Comgen accepts a variety of user‐specified criteria, converts these into an abstract form, and utilises a powerful automated reasoning algorithm to identify compositions that satisfy these user requirements, or prove that the requirements cannot be simultaneously satisfied. In contrast to machine learning techniques, explicitly reasoning about domain knowledge, rather than making inferences from data, ensures that Comgen's outputs are fully interpretable and provably correct. Users interact with Comgen through a high‐level Python interface. We illustrate use of the tool with several case studies focused on the search for new ionic conductors. Further, we demonstrate the integration of Comgen into an end‐to‐end automated workflow to propose and evaluate candidate compositions quantitatively, prior to experimental investigation. This highlights the potential of automated formal reasoning in materials chemistry.
Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Calculations, and Pharmacological Activity of Azo Dye Ligand and Its Cu(II) Complex Comprising Nitrogen and Oxygen Donor Atoms
Authors: Mousa Ibtisam , Madkhali Marwah M. M. , Siddiq Hind Ahmed , Alaghaz Abdel‐Nasser M. A. , Rezk Ghada N. , El‐Bindary Ashraf A.
Published: October 2024

Coupling the diazonium salt of sulfadiazine with dibenzoylmethane afforded the 4‐(2‐(1,3‐dioxo‐1,3‐diphenylpropan‐2‐ylidene)hydrazinyl)‐N‐(pyrimidin‐2‐yl)benzene sulfonamide ligand (HL). The ligand (HL) and its Cu(II) complex structure have been investigated via magnetic attraction testing, TGA, FTIR, UV–visible, XRD, and CHN analyses. The spectrum data indicate that the ligand demonstrates monobasic bidentate behavior via deprotonating opposite the oxygen atom of the carbonyl (CO) group and linking using the NH of the hydrazone group (NNH). Copper (II) complex present in octahedral structure. A number of TGA steps (Ea, A, ΔH*, ΔS*, and ΔG*) had their dynamical characteristics computed and described using the Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzger formulas. Molecular studio programmer was utilized to perform density functional theory (DFT) calculations in order to investigate the ideal configuration of HL and its Cu(II) complex. The HL and its copper (II) complex exhibited antitumor effects against MCF‐7 and HepG‐2 cell lines. Furthermore, the width of the inhibition zone was employed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of HL and a specific complex towards Gram‐negative organisms Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram‐positive organisms Staphylococcus aureus. The ligand and its Cu(II) complex were examined using both the viscosity and spectrum of absorption of calf thymus DNA binding experiments.
Evaluation of Extended Decision Outcomes
Authors: Gärling Tommy
Published: October 2024

Some decision outcomes consist of sequences of single experiences. The aim is to propose a conceptualization of how such sequences are evaluated if affective evaluations of single experiences evoke transient emotional responses with lasting changes in current mood. The conceptualization implies three modes in which the sequences of single experiences are evaluated: (i) Aggregation of affective evaluations of the single experiences retrieved from memory; (ii) Aggregation of current moods associated with emotional responses to the single experiences retrieved or reconstructed from memory; and (iii) Updating of current mood. Simulations of parametrized models are used to compare the different evaluation modes to each other and to show to which extent the simulation results are consistent with some common findings in previous research. The previous research has primarily investigated different rules for aggregation of affective evaluations of single experiences. The simulation results motivate research comparing this mode to the other proposed modes.
18F‐Fluoro‐2‐Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Measures of Spatial Heterogeneity for Predicting Platinum Resistance of High‐Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xin , Lin Yuhe , He Dianning , Sun Mingli , Xu Lanlan , Chang Zhihui , Liu Zhaoyu , Li Beibei
Published: October 2024

Background

The purpose of this study is to construct models for predicting platinum resistance in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) derived from quantitative spatial heterogeneity indicators obtained from 18F‐FDG PET/CT images.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with HGSOC. Quantitative indicators of spatial heterogeneity were generated using conventional features and Haralick texture features from both CT and PET images. Three groups of predictive models (conventional, heterogeneity, and integrated) were built. Each group's optimal model was the one with the highest area under curve (AUC). Postoperative immunohistochemical staining for Ki‐67 and p53 was conducted. The correlation between the heterogeneity indicators and scores for Ki‐67 and p53 was assessed by Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ).

Results

A total of 286 patients (54.6 ± 9.3 years) were enrolled. And 107 spatial heterogeneity indicators were extracted. The optimal models for each group were obtained using the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) algorithm. There was an AUC of 0.790 (95% CI: 0.696, 0.885) in the conventional model for the validation set, and an AUC of 0.904 (95% CI: 0.842, 0.966) in the heterogeneity model for the validation set. The integrated model achieved the highest predictive performance, with an AUC value of 0.928 (95% CI: 0.872, 0.984) for the validation set. Spearman's correlation showed that HU_Kurtosis had the strongest correlation with p53 scores with ρ = 0.718, while cluster site entropy had the strongest correlation with Ki‐67 scores with ρ = 0.753.

Conclusions

Adding quantitative spatial heterogeneity indicators derived from PET/CT images can improve the prediction of platinum resistance in patients with HGSOC. Spatial heterogeneity indicators were related to Ki‐67 and p53 scores.
Raman Measurements in the Hydroformylation of Decene with Laser Powers of 1 mW in Ex Zones
Authors: Spoor Erik , Manser Steffen , Mandal Oliver , Bruch Melanie , Nagler Franz‐Josef , Duch Karsten , Illner Markus , Repke Jens‐Uwe , Rädle Matthias
Published: October 2024

A custom‐made Raman setup is improved and adjusted to allow its use in Ex zones by using a 1‐mW laser and no optical focusing elements. The application under consideration is the hydroformylation of decene to undecanal, which must take place under explosion protection. To investigate the dispersive mixture, a separation takes place in a phase separation cell in which the Raman probe performs measurements. It can be shown that, with the use of highly sensitive detectors, even very low excitation powers can lead to a processable signal, and thus the application of Raman measurement technology far below the requirements of explosion protection is possible.
Workflow Scheduling in Cloud–Fog Computing Environments: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bouabdallah Raouia , Fakhfakh Fairouz
Published: October 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates the connectivity of billions of physical devices for exchanging information and enabling a wide range of applications. These applications can be presented in the form of dependent tasks, as outlined in a workflow. These workflows face limitations due to constraints in IoT sensors. To address these limitations, cloud computing has emerged to offer a large capacity of computing and storing with a great capability to adjust resources according to the need. However, cloud computing might not adequately meet the low‐latency of IoT workflow requirements when scheduling a workflow composed of IoT tasks due to its centralized nature. Moreover, cloud computing is not ideal for delay‐sensitive workflows and may increase communication costs. In response to these challenges, the use of fog computing as an extension to cloud computing scheme is recommended. Fog computing aims to process workflow tasks close to IoT devices. While fog computing offers various advantages, integrating these systems into workflow scheduling remains one of the most formidable challenges in distributed environments. Indeed, significant issues arise due to the timely execution and the resource limitations. In this survey paper, we present a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the current state of the art in this domain. We propose a taxonomy to compare and evaluate the existing studies on workflow scheduling approaches in cloud–fog computing environments. This taxonomy encompasses various criteria, including scheduling techniques, performance metrics, workflow dependencies, scheduling policies, and evaluation tools. We highlight certain recommendations for open issues which require more investigations. Our aim is to provide valuable insights for researchers and developers interested in understanding the contributions and challenges of current workflow scheduling approaches in cloud–fog computing environments.
Stat stimulates histone H3K4 methylation via KDM5 inhibition in adult stem cells of budding tunicates
Authors: Kimura‐Nagano Yuri , Kishimoto Kanoko , Sekida Satoko , Kawamura Kaz
Published: October 2024

Background

The branchial epithelium is one of the main tissues in which histone H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) occurs in the budding tunicate, Polyandrocarpa misakiensis. It contains proliferating and undifferentiated cell aggregates at the bottom of each pharyngeal cleft, providing the nest for the adult stem cell niche. We examined the sustainable mechanism enabling epigenetic histone methylation in adult stem cells.

Results

Histone H3K4 demethylase (PmisKdm5) was not co‐expressed in vivo with the transcription factor, signal transduction and activator of transcription (PmisStat) in the same cells. PmisStat mRNA, when electroporated into zooids, suppressed the gene expression of PmisKdm5 and facilitated the trimethylation of H3K4. A STAT5 inhibitor blocked the nuclear localization of PmisStat. It stimulated PmisKdm5 gene expression irrespective of PmisStat mRNA. The KDM5 inhibitor, CPI‐455, stimulated H3K4me3 similarly to PmisStat mRNA. PmisStat mRNA and CPI‐455 both induced the gene expression of PmisAp2 and PmisSp8, which were recently identified as budding/regeneration‐related genes. When zooid tissues were treated with both CPI‐455 and the STAT5 inhibitor, CPI‐455 overwhelmed the effects of the STAT inhibitor on PmisAp2 and PmisSp8.

Conclusion

PmisStat is involved in epigenetic histone methylation at H3K4 through the inhibition of PmisKdm5. H3K4me3 affects downstream gene expression more directly and strongly than PmisStat.
Investigating the Impact of Hydrogen Bonding on Silicon Nitride (SiNx) Film
Authors: Yousuf Hasnain , Khan Alamgeer , Khokhar Muhammad Quddamah , Rahman Rafi ur , Madara Polgampola Chamani , Jony Jaljalalul Abedin , Zahid Muhammad Aleem , Kim Youngkuk , Yi Junsin
Published: October 2024

The deposition of amorphous hydrogenated silicon nitride (a‐SiNx:H) via plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition is critical for optimizing the performance of crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells. This study investigates the impact of varying gas ratios (GR = NH3/SiH4) on the optical and physical properties of deposited SiNx films. Results show that the refractive index (RI) ranges from 1.8 to 2.3 with changing gas compositions. Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy reveals shifts in [SiNH] and [SiH] stretching modes, indicating changes in hydrogen passivation and nitrogen incorporation. Hydrogen bonding densities of [SiH] and [SiNH] correlate positively with the RI. For example, the hydrogen bonding density [NH] ranges from 4.53 × 1023 to 6.32 × 1023 cm−3 for [SiNH] bonds while [Si‐H] varies from 6.93 × 1023 to 1.06 × 1024 cm−3. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis shows stable hydrogen intensity, contrasting with a decrease in nitrogenhydrogen bonds. These findings highlight the key role of hydrogen bonding in determining SiNx film properties, with significant implications for semiconductor and photovoltaic applications.
A comparative analysis of game‐based learning and conventional learning in dental education
Authors: Fernández‐Gómez Fernando , Cosin‐Villanueva Maria , Almiñana‐Pastor Pedro , López‐Roldán Andrés
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of traditional teaching versus traditional teaching supplemented by serious gaming in imparting knowledge of periodontal indices among dentistry students. Additionally, the study seeks to measure the level of satisfaction among students engaging with the assessed teaching method.

Materials and method

This comparative study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Valencia with file number: 2479311. A sample of 61 subjects was divided randomly into two groups: the test group (n = 36) and the control group (n = 25). Baseline knowledge of community index of periodontal treatment need was assessed through a questionnaire completed by both groups before receiving a comprehensive explanation of the topic. The test group, in addition to the conventional explanation, received supplementary training via an educational gaming experience. Both groups underwent a final evaluation and, subsequently, a satisfaction survey was completed by the test group. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using a non‐parametric Brunner–Langer model. The relationship between scores was examined using Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, with a significance level set at α = 0.05.

Results

The training, in general, was effective as both the test group (p = 0.003) and the control group (p = 0.015) demonstrated an increase in scores with both teaching modalities, but no significant difference was observed between the groups. The test group expressed a high level of satisfaction with the instructional approach.

Conclusion

No statistically significant difference in learning outcomes was identified between the traditional lecture teaching method and the approach supplemented by gaming. There was an elevated level of student satisfaction with the gaming method.
Efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) hepaticogastrostomy (HGS) versus choledochoduodenostomy (CDS) in ERCP‐failed malignant biliary obstruction: A systematic review and META‐analysis
Authors: Rizqiansyah Chrisandi Y , Awatara Putu I D , Amar Nasim , Lesmana Cosmas R A , Mustika Syifa
Published: October 2024

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the gold standard in managing malignant biliary obstruction. The success of ERCP has limitations, whereas surgical biliary bypass and percutaneous transhepatic approaches, as alternative modalities, come with significant costs, longer durations, and higher levels of mortality and morbidity. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided biliary drainage with two approaches, hepaticogastrostomy (EUS‐HGS) and choledochoduodenostomy (EUS‐CDS), is a favored and evolving alternative modality. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of EUS‐HGS and EUS‐CDS. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis by searching PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Scholar databases up to August 2023, based on the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. We identified randomized and nonrandomized studies comparing the efficacy and safety of EUS‐HGS and EUS‐CDS. Outcome measures included technical and clinical success, side effects, and mean procedure time. Nine nonrandomized studies and two randomized controlled trials involving 537 patients (225 EUS‐HGS, 312 EUS‐CDS) were analyzed. No difference was found in technical success (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.41–1.68; I2 = 0%) and clinical success between the two procedures (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.51–1.81; I2 = 9.94%). Side effects were significantly higher in EUS‐HGS (OR, 2.01, 95% CI, 1.14–3.59; I2 = 0%). No significant difference in mean procedure time was observed between the two procedures (0.13; 95% CI, −0.15–0.41; I2 = 34.89%). There are differences in efficacy and safety between EUS‐HGS and EUS‐CDS. EUS‐CDS has a faster procedure time, lower risk of side effects, and ease of puncture during the procedure.
Effectiveness of nonsurgical re‐instrumentation: Tooth‐related factors
Authors: Bumm Caspar Victor , Schwendicke Falk , Pitchika Vinay , Heck Katrin , Walter Elias , Ern Christina , Heym Richard , Werner Nils , Folwaczny Matthias
Published: October 2024

Background

To investigate tooth‐related factors that influence pocket closure (PC) and the reduction of pocket probing depths (PPD) after nonsurgical re‐instrumentation (NSRI) as part of step 3 therapy.

Methods

A total of 480 patients (10,807 teeth) presenting with residual pockets 6.33 ± 3.79 months after steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy were included and retrospectively analyzed before and 5.93 ± 4.31 months after NSRI. Reduction of PPD and PC rates following NSRI were associated with tooth‐related factors, namely tooth type, arch, number of roots, furcation involvement (FI), pulp vitality, mobility, type of restoration, presence of plaque, and bleeding on probing (BOP), using mixed‐effects regression models.

Results

NSRI reduced periodontal pockets persisting after initial cause‐related therapy by (mean ± SD) 1.32 ± 1.79 mm in PPD, and PC rate was 40%. Moderate pockets (4–5 mm) responded better to NSRI than deep pockets (≥ 6 mm) in terms of PC (51% vs. 16%). Both PPD reduction and PC rates of deep residual pockets were significantly influenced by tooth type, arch, number of roots, and presence of BOP.

Conclusion

Tooth type, arch, number of roots, and presence of BOP at re‐evaluation (before NSRI) had a significant and clinically relevant influence on NSRI as part of step 3 therapy. Considering these factors, particularly for deep residual pockets, may allow more tailored re‐intervention.

Plain language summary

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of tooth‐related factors on the outcome of repeated nonsurgical therapy of periodontitis. Therefore, 480 patients (10,807 teeth) presenting with clinical symptoms of persistent periodontitis after initial therapy were administered repeated nonsurgical therapy and retrospectively analyzed. Therapy outcomes were associated with tooth‐related factors, namely tooth type, tooth location (maxilla/mandible), number of roots, involvement of the root furcation area in multi‐rooted teeth, pulp vitality, mobility, restoration, presence of plaque and bleeding upon periodontal probing, using mixed‐effects models. The results revealed that repeated nonsurgical therapy was effective in reducing inflammation and clinical signs of disease, with moderate residual periodontal defects responding better than deep defects. Healing of deep defects after repeated nonsurgical therapy; however, was significantly influenced by the factors: tooth type, location, number of roots, and bleeding on probing. Considering these factors, particularly in deep residual defects which are commonly suggested to be treated surgically, may allow less invasiveness and thus a more tailored re‐intervention.
Addressing the non‐ideality of an application relevant surfactant mixture within the hydrophilic–lipophilic‐deviation concept
Authors: Optatzi Jörn Phillipp , Schmiedel Peter , Glüsen Birgit , Hesami Mahdis
Published: October 2024

In cleaning products, selecting the right surfactants for the specific soil or contamination is crucial. The hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) concept serves as a useful formulation tool by describing the interactions between surfactants, oil and water. However, for mixtures of ionic and non‐ionic surfactants, the HLD concept assumes ideal mixing behavior, which does not hold true. Therefore, interactions between different surfactants must be considered. This can be achieved by introducing the interaction term GEX/RT. Evaluating this interaction term using a set of equilibrated surfactant/oil/water (SOW) systems under various conditions is both time‐consuming and resource intensive. This work aims to demonstrate the rapid determination of this interaction term using the dynamic phase salinity inversion (DSPI) method. We determined the phase behavior of a ternary surfactant system, consisting of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, alkyl polyglucoside, and fatty alcohol ethoxylate, through both equilibrated systems and the DSPI method. Differences between the theoretical HLD calculations and actual experiments allowed us to access interaction terms. To validate GEX/RT obtained by DSPI, we employed net‐average‐curvature concept to model the interfacial tension under different conditions. Spinning drop measurements showed excellent agreement between theoretical and measured values, confirming the applicability of DSPI for determining interactions in this surfactant system.
The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Video Head Impulse Test Results
Authors: Keren Shir , Hazan Itai , Ungar Omer J. , Peled Chilaf , Gimmon Yoav , Abu Freh Ismael , Kaminer Benyamin , Kaplan Daniel M. , Ziv Oren
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate the association between sleep deprivation and vestibular dysfunction by Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT).

Methods

This prospective clinical trial explores the impact of acute sleep deprivation on the vestibular‐ocular reflex (VOR) in medical residents. The study involved healthy physicians from diverse medical disciplines. Participants underwent vHIT assessments before and after a 26‐h shift. The examinations focused solely on the right lateral semicircular canal. Participants further completed a demographics and fatigue questionnaire, including the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) questionnaire and a Visual Analog Fatigue Score (VAFS).

Results

The study involved 30 medical residents. Participants experienced a statistically significant decrease in VOR gain in the right horizontal semicircular canal during a 26‐h shift (p < 0.01). While the FSS and VAFS questionnaires showed no significant difference before and after the shift, the analysis of ∆VOR gain indicated a statistically significant increase associated with decreased sleep time during the shift (p = 0.018, 95% Confidence Interval [0.08, 0.68]). The most substantial increase in ∆VOR occurred between 22–26 h of sleep deprivation. No significant differences were observed in ∆VOR between genders, ages, disciplines, department shifts versus emergency room shifts, or years of residency.

Conclusion

vHIT can be used as an objective, reliable screening tool for severe sleep deprivation among physicians. The decrease in the VOR gain may indicate that vestibular function is influenced by sleep deprivation. The clinical significance of these findings is still questioned, more studies may help to assess this effect.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:1177–1182, 2025
Simulation and experimental study on surface modification of 6061‐T651 aluminum alloy by machine hammer peening
Authors: Lin X. , Xu J. , Sun G.
Published: October 2024

Machine hammer peening is a surface treatment technique employed to enhance the surface properties of the treated samples. In this present work, the theoretical analysis, finite element simulation and experiment of single peening are carried out to investigate the relationship between the machine hammer peening force and geometric dimensions of the single peening indentation deformation, including diameter and depth. The single peening experimental results are in accordance with theoretical and simulation analysis. The machine hammer peening experiment with grate tool path are done and the results including surface topography, surface roughness, surface hardness, x‐ray diffraction analysis and wear resistance are discussed. This work seeks to explore the effects of process parameters like machine hammer peening force, indentation and pitch spacing on surface roughness and hardness. The results reveal that the surface hardness and roughness are positively associated with machine hammer peening force and small indentation and pitch spacing lead to high hardness. The x‐ray diffraction analysis validate machine hammer peening is a mechanical treatment without new compound generated. The friction test results in an enhancement in wear resistance of treated samples.
Relapse and survival after relapse among children with cancer in Denmark: 2001–2021
Authors: Andersen Mie Mølgaard , Sørensen Marie Christine Lundius , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Sehested Astrid Marie , Rostgaard Klaus , Olsen Marianne , Mikkelsen Torben Stamm , Wehner Peder Skov , Hjalgrim Lisa Lyngsie , Søegaard Signe Holst
Published: October 2024

Background

In recent decades, new first and subsequent lines of anticancer treatment and supportive care have improved survival for children with cancer. We investigated recent temporal changes in the incidence of relapse and survival after relapse among children with cancer in Denmark.

Procedure

This register‐based study included 2890 children diagnosed before age 15 years with haematological cancers and solid tumours (2001–2021) and central nervous system (CNS) tumours (2010–2021). We used the Aalen–Johansen and Kaplan–Meier estimators to assess cumulative incidence of relapse—defined as cancer recurrence or progression—and survival probability after relapse.

Results

Comparing the periods 2001–2010 and 2011–2021, the 5‐year cumulative incidence of relapse decreased from 14% to 11% among children with haematological cancers (p = .07), and from 21% to 18% among children with solid tumours (p = .26). Concurrently, the 5‐year survival after relapse increased among children with haematological cancers (from 44% to 61%, p = .03) and solid tumours (from 38% to 46%, p = .25). Among children with malignant CNS tumours, the 5‐year cumulative incidence of relapse and the 5‐year survival after relapse remained stable (49% and 51%, p = .82; and 20% and 18%, p = .90) comparing 2010–2015 and 2016–2021.

Conclusions

In recent decades in Denmark, improvements were observed in reducing relapse incidence and increasing survival after relapse in children with haematological cancers and solid tumours. However, the persistent survival gap between children who relapse and those who do not across all childhood cancers underlines the need for intensified and highly targeted treatments for children at high risk of relapse.
Multifunctional TiO2(R)/Fe2O3 Photocatalytic Composites Obtained from Ilmenite Ore
Authors: Fabela‐Cedillo Mayte G. , Rodríguez‐Alfaro Luis F. , Torres‐Martínez Leticia M. , Vallejo Odín Reyes , Luévano‐Hipólito Edith
Published: October 2024

The commercialization of the photocatalysis technology requires that the synthesis of the photocatalytic material is easy to scale up. Thus, the synthesis from earth‐abundant minerals represents one plausible solution to obtain materials by a scalable process with a lower environmental impact. So far, the most promising photocatalyst for this application is titanium dioxide (TiO2), which can be obtained from ilmenite ore; however, its synthesis usually implies toxic solvents and complicated reaction conditions. Thus, here is proposed an optimized method to extract higher amounts of TiO2 by a multivariable Plackett‐Burman design of experiments considering the mass of the ore precursor, the addition of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), the digestion temperature, the amount of base to adjust the pH, and the final thermal treatment. From this design, it was possible to minimize the heat treatment and the amount of base used to favor higher TiO2 (rutile) content with the presence of additional phases of iron oxides (Fe2O3) that act as co‐catalyst to enhance the photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2/Fe2O3 composites obtained was investigated in four model reactions to obtain solar fuels (H2 evolution and CO2 reduction) and to remove endocrine water pollutants (bisphenol A and dyeing water), using visible and natural solar irradiation, respectively.
Lung MRI: The future is now
Authors: Woods Jason C.
Published: October 2024

Tomographic imaging via MRI can capture structural abnormalities at high resolution and reveal functional abnormalities if acquired during respiration. In infants and children with chronic lung diseases, MRI can serve as a safe and effective tool to characterize cardiorespiratory disease where PFTs are not feasible. Functional lung imaging via hyperpolarized Xe MRI has been shown to have very high sensitivity to regional airway obstruction, changes in alveolar‐airspace size/structure, and gas‐exchange due to abnormalities in the interstitium or blood‐flow; the technique is routinely used in ages 5 and up. This summary outlines each of the functional measures currently available using Xe MRI.
Structure and Electronic Properties of the A‐center in Si1−xGex Alloys: Insight from the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof Hybrid Functional Calculations
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Frauenheim Thomas
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the structure and electronic properties of the A‐center in Si1−xGex alloys (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1), using the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof hybrid functional. It is found that the most stable structures form SiOSi bonds, with the other two atoms surrounding the A‐center being Ge atoms, which form a long bond between them. The behavior of the O atoms is significantly influenced by the Ge content. As it increases, the position of the O atom shifts relative to the surrounding atoms, thereby affecting the bond lengths and angles. The formation energy of the A‐center first decreases with increasing Ge content up to 0.75, which enhances the defect production; however, then it decreases from 0.75 to 1, thus suppressing defect production. The calculations are consistent with the experimental data, showing that the distance of the defect level from the conduction band minimum increases with Ge content, supporting the observed enthalpy changes in electron ionization.
Stability, Electronic, and Piezoelectric Properties of H‐ and F‐Functionalized BP Sheets
Authors: Shi Jing , Han Chang , Dong Siyuan , Niu Haibo , Zhu Youzhang , Zhao Bei , Liu Huiling
Published: October 2024

Herein, the electronic and piezoelectric properties of different types of (chair form and boat form) H/F‐functionalized boron phosphide (BP) sheets are examined by density‐functional theory calculations. After H/F atoms adsorb on both sides of pristine hexagonal boron phosphide (h‐BP) cell, the functionalized BP structure undergoes significant flatness distortion. The H/F‐functionalized BP sheets are predicted to be thermodynamically and dynamically stable. According to the calculations, it is demonstrated that chemical functionalization is an effective method to modulate the bandgap of h‐BP in a wide range (0.80–3.63 eV). The chair form F–BP–H shows large e31 (−0.7 × 10−10 C m−1) and d31 (−0.68 pm V−1). The d11 of boat form F–BP–H is 4.32 pm V−1, which is 95.5% higher than the pristine h‐BP monolayer (2.21 pm V−1). The study provides a possible way to modulate the intrinsic characteristics of the pristine h‐BP sheet, which would broaden its potential applications in the future for wider range of applications.