bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internal structure of intense collisional bedload transport
Authors: Matoušek Václav , Zrostlík Štĕpán , Fraccarollo Luigi , Prati Anna , Larcher Michele
Published: April 2019

Intense bed load refers to a regime which is responsible of most of sediment transport in torrents and rivers during floods. Even if restricted to uniform steady conditions and well sorted particles, the liquid and solid phases interact in a rather complex way over the plane mobile bed. We focus on flow conditions where the sediment grains in the flow are supported by mutual contacts, primarily collisions, and not by the fluid turbulence. Nonetheless, the turbulent liquid stresses are important everywhere, but the top of the bed, and may not be neglected. Being particles and fluid reciprocally affecting at various scale, mechanical interpretations are challenging and not consolidated, yet. In this picture, it is clear that experimental evidences provide a fundamental, still lacking, piece of information.

We contribute with new experiments in a tilting flume to face this need. Compared to previous laboratory tests, we apply various measuring techniques, getting to a robust validation of the acquired dataset. We exploited stereoscopic imaging techniques to capture the solid concentration and the three components of grain velocity, and extract the velocity fluctuations from the local mean values. Measured velocity distributions are independently checked by using an Ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry technique.

With all the needed quantities available, we exploited the constitutive relations based on the kinetic theory for granular flow, to highlight how the comparison between predictions and measurements works, deploying some accuracy deficiencies in the measurement and/or interpretation limits. Our results also address the attention to interfaces that separate layers affected by different rheological mechanisms. Along with pure experimental and theoretical aspects, we grasp the chance to use the data to check how the relations involving global quantities (discharges, friction factor, bed slope, flow depth), so common in hydraulic practice, work when the sediment transport is intense. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emerging translational science discoveries, clonal approaches, and treatment trends in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Mughal Tariq I. , Pemmaraju Naveen , Radich Jerald P. , Deininger Michael W. , Kucine Nicole , Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Bose Prithviraj , Gotlib Jason , Valent Peter , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Barbui Tiziano , Rampal Raajit , Verstovsek Srdan , Koschmieder Steffen , Saglio Giuseppe , Van Etten Richard A.
Published: April 2019

The 60th American Society of Hematology (ASH) held in San Diego in December 2018 was followed by the 13th Post‐ASH chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) workshop on December 4 and 5, 2018. This closed annual workshop, first introduced in 2006 by Goldman and Mughal, was organized in collaboration with Alpine Oncology Foundation and allowed experts in preclinical and clinical research in the chronic MPNs to discuss the current scenario, including relevant presentations at ASH, and address pivotal open questions that impact translational research and clinical management. This review is based on the presentations and deliberations at this workshop, and rather than provide a resume of the proceedings, we have selected some of the important translational science and treatment issues that require clarity. We discuss the experimental and observational evidence to support the intimate interaction between aging, inflammation, and clonal evolution of MPNs, the clinical impact of the unfolding mutational landscape on the emerging targets and treatment of MPNs, new methods to detect clonal heterogeneity, the challenges in managing childhood and adolescent MPN, and reflect on the treatment of systemic mastocytosis (SM) following the licensing of midostaurin.
Toxic trans‐crotonaldehyde in mitochondria intercepted by oxyresveratrol contributing to anticancer
Authors: Su Yanbin , Sun Chengyu , Chen Yan , Liu Shichang , Jing Ning , Li Shuxin
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to explore how the toxic trans‐crotonaldehyde (TCA) in mitochondria or aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) at different pHs was intercepted by oxyresveratrol (Oxy‐Res) contributing to anticancer. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were employed. UV–vis spectra showed that the Oxy‐Res red shifted the peak of the toxic TCA from 316 nm to 325 nm, while the peaks of the Oxy‐Res shifted from 329 nm with 290 nm and 300 nm to 325 nm with 303 nm. In the mitochondria, the Oxy‐Res blue shifted the peaks of the toxic TCA from 325 nm with 303 nm to 321 nm with 301 nm. Raman spectra revealed that the Oxy‐Res caused shifting of the CHO of the toxic TCA from 1,689 cm−1 to 1,671 cm−1 with band decline. The CC of the toxic TCA at 1641 cm−1 was split into 1,639 cm−1 and 1,642 cm−1 with band decline. The bands of the Oxy‐Res at 1634 cm−1, 1,617 cm−1, and 1,595 cm−1 disappeared. In the mitochondria, the CC of the toxic TCA at 1641 cm−1 splitting disappeared. In ALDH, with the decrease of pH from 7.8 to 6.5, the CHO of the toxic TCA did not red shift from 1,689 cm−1 to 1,674 cm−1 up to pH 6.5. There was no change in the CC of the toxic TCA at 1640 cm−1 in ALDH at different pHs. The conclusion of the study was that the CHO of the toxic TCA was intercepted by the Oxy‐Res under the action of ALDH in the mitochondria, particularly at pH 7.8. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 2019
General model for depth‐resolved estimation of the optical attenuation coefficients in optical coherence tomography
Authors: Amaral Marcello M. , Zezell Denise M. , Monte Adamo F. G. , de Cara Ana C. B. , Araújo Jeann C. R. , Antunes Andrea , Freitas Anderson Z.
Published: April 2019

We present the proof of concept of a general model that uses the tissue sample transmittance as input to estimate the depth‐resolved attenuation coefficient of tissue samples using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This method allows us to obtain an image of tissue optical properties instead of intensity contrast, guiding diagnosis and tissues differentiation, extending its application from thick to thin samples. The performance of our method was simulated and tested with the assistance of a home built single‐layered and multilayered phantoms (~100 μm each layer) with known attenuation coefficient on the range of 0.9 to 2.32 mm−1. It is shown that the estimated depth‐resolved attenuation coefficient recovers the reference values, measured by using an integrating sphere followed by the inverse adding doubling processing technique. That was corroborated for all situations when the correct transmittance value is used with an average difference of 7%. Finally, we applied the proposed method to estimate the depth‐resolved attenuation coefficient for a thin biological sample, demonstrating the ability of our method on real OCT images.
The optimization of sintering treatment on bovine‐derived bone grafts for bone regeneration: in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Xu An‐Tian , Qi Wen‐Ting , Lin Meng‐Na , Zhu Yu‐Hao , He Fu‐Ming
Published: April 2019

Modifications of sintering temperature and treatment time of bovine‐derived bone grafts affect their physicochemical properties and further influence biological activity. Three different temperature sintered bovine‐derived bone grafts: group I (300 °C 3 h), group II (300 °C 3 h plus 530 °C 6 h), and group III (300 °C 3 h plus 1000 °C 2 h) and Bio‐Oss® were characterized and then compared in vitro for their effects on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) migration, proliferation, and differentiation as estimated by cell migration assay, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and Alizarin red staining. Further, the four bone grafts were implanted into the calvarial defects of rabbits to evaluate bone regeneration and graft degradation. The four deproteinized bovine‐derived bone grafts displayed different surface topography. Group II displayed the highest potential of attracting cells. Both groups I and II markedly promote BMSCs differentiation. After 6 and 12 weeks, defects grafted with groups I and II displayed a significant higher bone fraction than defects grafted with group III and Bio‐Oss®. Bone graft remnants remained in all four groups. Taken together, sintering at 300 °C for 3 h and sintering at 300 °C for 3 h with an addition of 530 °C for 6 h of bovine‐dervied bone grafts displayed potential use in bone regeneration. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:272–281, 2020.
Spatial control of oxygen delivery to three‐dimensional cultures alters cancer cell growth and gene expression
Authors: Wulftange William J. , Rose Michelle A. , Garmendia‐Cedillos Marcial , da Silva Davi , Poprawski Joanna E. , Srinivasachar Dhruv , Sullivan Taylor , Lim Langston , Bliskovsky Valery V. , Hall Matthew D. , Pohida Thomas J. , Robey Robert W. , Morgan Nicole Y. , Gottesman Michael M.
Published: April 2019

Commonly used monolayer cancer cell cultures fail to provide a physiologically relevant environment in terms of oxygen delivery. Here, we describe a three‐dimensional (3D) bioreactor system where cancer cells are grown in Matrigel in modified six‐well plates. Oxygen is delivered to the cultures through a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane at the bottom of the wells, with microfabricated PDMS pillars to control oxygen delivery. The plates receive 3% oxygen from below and 0% oxygen at the top surface of the media, providing a gradient of 3–0% oxygen. We compared growth and transcriptional profiles for cancer cells grown in Matrigel in the bioreactor, 3D cultures grown in 21% oxygen, and cells grown in a standard hypoxia chamber at 3% oxygen. Additionally, we compared gene expression of conventional two‐dimensional monolayer culture and 3D Matrigel culture in 21% oxygen. We conclude that controlled oxygen delivery may provide a more physiologically relevant 3D system.
Inhibition of GLI2 with antisense‐oligonucleotides: A potential therapy for the treatment of bladder cancer
Authors: Raven Peter A. , Lysakowski Summer , Tan Zheng , D'Costa Ninadh M. , Moskalev Igor , Frees Sebastian , Struss Werner , Matsui Yoshiyuki , Narita Shintaro , Buttyan Ralph , Chavez‐Munoz Claudia , So Alan I.
Published: April 2019

The sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway plays an integral role in the maintenance and progression of bladder cancer (BCa) and SHH inhibition may be an efficacious strategy for BCa treatment. We assessed an in‐house human BCa tissue microarray and found that the SHH transcription factors, GLI1 and GLI2, were increased in disease progression. A panel of BCa cell lines show that two invasive lines, UM‐UC‐3 and 253J‐BV, both express these transcription factors but UM‐UC‐3 produces more SHH ligand and is less responsive in viability to pathway stimulation by recombinant human SHH or smoothened agonist, and less responsive to inhibitors including the smoothened inhibitors cyclopamine and SANT‐1. In contrast, 253J‐BV was highly responsive to these manipulations. We utilized a GLI1 and GLI2 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to bypass pathway mechanics and target the transcription factors directly. UM‐UC‐3 decreased in viability due to both ASOs but 253J‐BV was only affected by GLI2 ASO. We utilized the murine intravesical orthotopic human BCa (mio‐hBC) model for the establishment of noninvasive BCa and treated tumors with GLI2 ASO. Tumor size, growth rate, and GLI2 messenger RNA and protein expression were decreased. These results suggest that GLI2 ASO may be a promising new targeted therapy for BCa.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate inhibits migration of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by repressing MMP‐2 expression
Authors: Ho Hsu‐Chueh , Huang Cheng‐Chen , Lu Yen‐Ting , Yeh Chia‐Ming , Ho Yu‐Ting , Yang Shun‐Fa , Hsin Chung‐Han , Lin Chiao‐Wen
Published: April 2019

Metastasis of the cancer cells to the regional lymph nodes parts of the body remains an important cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), the most important ingredient in the green tea, has been reported to possess antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, the effects of EGCG on NPC cell metastasis are still unclear. In the present study, we examined the in vitro antimetastatic properties of EGCG on human NPC cells, NPC‐39, HONE‐1 and NPC‐BM. The results revealed that EGCG considerably inhibited the migration abilities of three NPC cells. The matrix metalloproteinases‐2 (MMP‐2) activity and expression were also significantly inhibited by EGCG treatment. Furthermore, EGCG suppressed the phosphorylation of the Src signaling pathway. Moreover, blocking the Src pathway also inhibits MMP‐2 expression and migration in the NPC cells. In conclusion, this study revealed that EGCG could inhibit the metastatic activity of human NPC cells by downregulating the protein expression of MMP‐2 through modulation of the Src signaling pathway, suggesting that EGCG may be a potential candidate for chemoprevention of NPC.
Treatment of human neuroblastoma cell line SH‐SY5Y with HSP27 siRNA tagged‐exosomes decreased differentiation rate into mature neurons
Authors: Shokrollahi Elhameh , Nourazarian Alireza , Rahbarghazi Reza , Salimi Leila , Karbasforush Saeede , Khaksar Majid , Salarinasab Sadegh , Abhari Alireza , Heidarzadeh Morteza
Published: April 2019

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) participate in the regulation of different cell activities in response to stimuli. By applying different strategies, the modulation of heat shock proteins is at the center of attention. Conventional delivery approaches are not fully encouraged due to cytotoxicity and immunogenicity issues. Exosomes are touted as bio‐shuttles for delivery of distinct biomolecules inside the cells. Here, we aimed to HSP27 small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐tagged exosomes for the inhibition of Hsp27 in human neuroblastoma cell line SH‐SY5Y and explored differentiation into neuron‐like cells. Exosomes were isolated, characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and CD63 then enriched with siRNA against Hsp27. Neuroblastoma cells were incubated with exosomes carrying siRNA for 48 hr. Exosome uptake was monitored by immunofluorescence assay. The cell viability and proliferation were analyzed using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and bromodeoxyuridine/5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation assays. The ability of cells to form colonies was evaluated by clonogenic assay. The cell potential to express NeuN, a mature neuron factor, was studied by flow cytometry analysis. SEM showed the nano‐sized particles and a high level of CD63 after enrichment. Immunofluorescence imaging revealed an appropriate transfection rate in cell exposed to Hsp27 siRNA tagged exosomes. The cell viability and proliferation were reduced compared to cells received nude exosomes (
p < 0.05). Clonogenic activity of cells was diminished by the inhibition of Hsp27. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the inhibition of Hsp27 prohibited NeuN content, showing the maturation of SH‐SY5Y cells to mature cells compared to control. These data confirmed that exosomes could be used as appropriate bio‐shuttles for the inhibition of Hsp27‐aborted cell differentiation toward mature neuron.
Ileocecal thickening: Clinical approach to a common problem
Authors: Agarwala Roshan , Singh Abhi K , Shah Jimil , Mandavdhare Harshal S , Sharma Vishal
Published: April 2019

Ileocecal thickening (ICT) is a common finding on radiological imaging. It can be caused by a variety of inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic conditions, and evaluating a patient of ICT can be a challenging task. Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB), Crohn's disease (CD), and adenocarcinoma are the most common causes. Enteric bacterial infections, cytomegalovirus, histoplasmosis, amebiasis, systemic vasculitis, lymphoma, etc. should be suspected in appropriate clinical settings. However, it could often be a spurious or nonspecific finding. A thickness of more than 3 mm in a normally distended small bowel is usually considered abnormal. Detailed evaluation of imaging of the site and extent of thickening; the degree and pattern of thickening; and the associated findings, such as degree of fat stranding, fibrofatty proliferation, adjacent lymph nodes, and solid organ involvement, should be performed. Ileocolonoscopy is an important tool for diagnosing and obtaining samples for tissue diagnosis. Histopathology is usually the gold standard for diagnosis, although—not uncommonly—findings could be nonspecific, and reaching a definitive diagnosis is difficult. As such, a systematic approach with the integration of clinical, biochemical, radiological, endoscopic, histological, and other laboratory tests is the key to reaching a diagnosis. In this article, we review the causes of ICT and present a clinical approach for the management of ICT.
Endoscopic diagnosis of Fasciolopsis buski: Revisited (with video)
Authors: Jha Ashish K , Jha Sharad K
Published: April 2019

Fasciolopsis buski is the largest fluke parasitizing the human small intestine. F. buski infections are not uncommon in Southeast Asia. The risk factors of F. buski infection mainly include eating of raw aquatic crops and infected snails. Most infections are asymptomatic. Heavy infection can be fatal as the flukes cause extensive intestinal inflammation, intestinal perforation, small bowel stricture, ulceration, hemorrhage, and abscess formation. Endoscopic diagnosis of this parasite has been described in a few case reports. Here, we describe and illustrate the endoscopic removal of F. buski from the stomach and duodenum.
Contextual moderators for leadership potential based on trait activation theory
Authors: Luria Gil , Kahana Allon , Goldenberg Judith , Noam Yair
Published: April 2019

This study tested the moderating role of group properties in the relationship between two prototypical leadership attributes (cognitive ability and adjustment) and leadership potential. Building on trait activation theory, we investigated one organizational cue (degree of centralization in the informal social structure) and one social cue (average level of the relevant attribute among other group members) and posited that the two prototypical leadership attributes would more likely be activated (leading to leadership potential) in more centralized groups and in groups where others have lower levels of the studied attribute. We tested 874 combat soldiers undergoing basic training in 71 teams. In a time‐lagged design, we measured general cognitive ability and adjustment before conscription and then used regression analyses to calculate the group informal social structure and leadership potential several months after conscription. As predicted, the relationships of both adjustment and cognitive ability with leadership potential were moderated by group informal structure, with stronger relationships in groups with more centralized structures. Other group members' cognitive ability moderated the relationship between cognitive ability and leadership potential (stronger relationships in groups with lower mean of others' cognitive ability), but other group members' adjustment did not moderate the relationship between adjustment and leadership potential.
Evaluating narrative operative reports for endoscopic sinus surgery in a residency training program
Authors: Wheeler Shannon C. , Miglani Amar , Deep Nicholas L. , Girardo Marlene E. , Hinni Michael , Lal Devyani
Published: April 2019

Objective

The narrative operative report (NR) bears testimony to critical elements of patient care. Residents’ NRs also provide insights into their comprehension of the procedure. NR documentation is an informal element of surgical residency training but data regarding quality of such training are scant. We aim to evaluate the NR within a residency training program.

Methods

The quality of NRs for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was evaluated through a retrospective analysis of 90 NRs for ESS. Thirty‐four elements that the attending surgeon regards as “critical” variables, or quality indicators (QIs), that should be documented, were studied to evaluate quality. A “performance metric (PM),” defined as the average percent of QIs dictated/total word count, was determined. Subgroup analysis by the level of training was additionally performed.

Results

Surgical indications, procedural steps, and immediate postoperative findings were accurately documented in 71%, 84%, and 82% of patients, respectively. The attending surgeon had the highest proportion of included key elements (89% ± 6.2%) followed by junior residents (87% ± 5.7%) and then senior residents (80% ± 14%) (P = .008). The attending surgeon also demonstrated the highest PM, followed by senior and then junior residents (P < .0001).

Conclusions

The quality of NRs was found to be high overall, but not “perfect” for either the attending or trainee surgeon. The PM among residents was expectedly lower than the attending surgeon. We propose that a synoptic reporting system that ensures inclusion of key elements may be helpful in training residents (and attendings) in creating comprehensive and efficient NRs.

Level of Evidence

3
Beyond sports: Efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in pathological or paraphysiological conditions of brain and muscle
Authors: Balestrino Maurizio , Adriano Enrico
Published: April 2019

Creatine is pivotal in energy metabolism of muscle and brain cells, both in physiological and in pathological conditions. Additionally, creatine facilitates the differentiation of muscle and neuronal cells. Evidence of effectiveness of creatine supplementation in improving several clinical conditions is now substantial, and we review it in this paper. In hereditary diseases where its synthesis is impaired, creatine has a disease‐modifying capacity, especially when started soon after birth. Strong evidence, including a Cochrane meta‐analysis, shows that it improves muscular strength and general well‐being in muscular dystrophies. Significant evidence exists also of its effectiveness in secondary prevention of statin myopathy and of treatment‐resistant depression in women. Vegetarians and vegans do not consume any dietary creatine and must synthesize all they need, spending most of their methylation capacity. Nevertheless, they have a lower muscular concentration of creatine. Creatine supplementation has proved effective in increasing muscular and neuropsychological performance in vegetarians or vegans and should, therefore, be recommended especially in those of them who are athletes, heavy‐duty laborers or who undergo intense mental effort. Convincing evidence also exists of creatine effectiveness in muscular atrophy and sarcopenia in the elderly, and in brain energy shortage (mental fatigue, sleep deprivation, environmental hypoxia as in mountain climbing, and advanced age). Furthermore, we review more randomized, placebo‐controlled trials showing that creatine supplementation is safe up to 20 g/d, with a possible caveat only in people with kidney disease. We trust that the evidence we review will be translated into clinical practice and will spur more research on these subjects.
Gonad Development and Reproductive Ability of Aneuploid Ornamental Koi Carp Obtained by Crossing Triploid Females with Diploid Males
Authors: Gomelsky Boris , Warner Jeffrey L , Delomas Thomas A , Novelo Noel D , Kramer Alexander G
Published: April 2019

It was described earlier that triploid female koi (ornamental variant of the Common Carp Cyprinus carpio) from heat-shocked progeny developed large ovaries and produced mass aneuploid progeny when crossed with normal diploid koi males. This study presents data on gonad development and reproductive ability of aneuploid koi obtained from triploid females. Aneuploid koi had low viability when raised in indoor recirculating systems; only 12–19% of fish survived up to 25–28 months of age. The 28-month-old aneuploid fish with a ploidy range of 2.31–2.78n obtained in 2013 (n = 30) did not release sperm or eggs after hormonal injection. Dissection of fish showed that similar to triploid males, aneuploid males had pinkish testes that did not contain sperm; the gonadosomatic index (GSI) of aneuploid males varied from 0.3% to 3.5%, with a mean value of 1.2%. More than 50% of aneuploid females had ovaries that were severely reduced in development, with GSI values less than 2%; about 40% of females had ovaries at the maturing stage, with GSIs ranging from 2.5% to 5.6%. One aneuploid female had mature ovaries filled with fully grown oocytes (GSI = 9.6%). The aneuploid fish obtained in 2015 (n = 165) did not produce sperm at 25 months of age; all fish from this group died during subsequent overwintering in an earthen pond. Our results show that aneuploid koi males are functionally sterile, whereas some potentially fertile aneuploid females can be found. However, because aneuploid koi have very low viability, the chance of survival for fertile aneuploid females is low, especially under natural conditions. Fertile aneuploid females, even if they survive, would likely produce aneuploid eggs, and fertilization of those eggs would again result in aneuploid progeny with low viability and fertility.
Weight‐adaptive isogeometric analysis for solving elastodynamic problems based on space‐time discretization approach
Authors: Izadpanah E. , Shojaee S. , Hamzehei‐Javaran S.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a novel adaptive isogeometric analysis (IGA) is introduced and its application in the numerical solution of two‐dimensional elastodynamic problems based on the space‐time discretization (STD) approach is studied. In the STD approach, the time is considered as an additional dimension and is discretized the same as the spatial domain. The weights of control points play the main role in the proposed method. In the conventional IGA, the same set of weights is used in the modeling of geometric and solution spaces. The idea is to define two groups of weights: geometric and solution weights. Geometric weights are known and can be determined based on the position of control points, but the solution weights are considered to be unknown and can be determined using a proper strategy so that the accuracy of the solution is optimized. This strategy is based on the minimization of an error function. The results obtained from the proposed method are compared with those obtained from the conventional IGA.
Mediterranean versus Western Diet Effects on Caloric Intake, Obesity, Metabolism, and Hepatosteatosis in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Shively Carol A. , Appt Susan E. , Vitolins Mara Z. , Uberseder Beth , Michalson Kristofer T. , Silverstein‐Metzler Marnie G. , Register Thomas C.
Published: April 2019

Objective

This study aimed to determine the effects of humanlike Western and Mediterranean diets on caloric intake, obesity, metabolism, and hepatosteatosis in an established nonhuman primate model of obesity, cardiometabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.

Methods

A 38‐month, randomized, preclinical, nonhuman primate primary prevention trial of 38 socially housed, middle‐aged adult females was conducted. The monkeys were characterized during a 7‐month baseline phase while consuming chow and then randomized to either Western or Mediterranean diets; the groups were balanced on baseline characteristics. Western and Mediterranean diets were formulated to closely reflect human diets, matched on macronutrient content, with protein and fat derived largely from animal sources in the Western diet and plant sources in the Mediterranean diet. Food consumption, activity levels, energy expenditure, body composition, carbohydrate metabolism, and hepatosteatosis were measured during baseline and treatment phases.

Results

The Western diet increased caloric intake for the first 6 months and body fat, activity, energy expenditure, insulin resistance, and hepatosteatosis after 2.5 years, whereas the Mediterranean diet reduced triglyceride levels.

Conclusions

This is the first report of differential caloric intake and obesity with long‐term consumption of a Western versus Mediterranean diet under controlled experimental conditions and the first experimental evidence that a Mediterranean diet protects against hepatosteatosis compared with a Western diet.
Effect of Obesogenic Medications on Weight‐Loss Outcomes in a Behavioral Weight‐Management Program
Authors: Desalermos Athanasios , Russell Baylee , Leggett Cecilia , Parnell Amelia , Ober Kathleen , Hagerich Kelley , Gerlan Cindy , Ganji Gelareh , Lee Euyhyun , Proudfoot James A. , Grunvald Eduardo , Gupta Samir , Ho Samuel B. , Zarrinpar Amir
Published: April 2019

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate a possible association between the use of obesogenic medications and inadequate weight loss in a behavioral weight‐management program.

Methods

This is a case‐control, single‐center study of 666 adult patients within a Veterans Health Administration health system who participated in the MOVE! behavioral weight‐loss program. The cohort was divided into responders (n = 150), patients who achieved ≥ 5% total weight loss by the end of the MOVE! program, and nonresponders (n = 516), those who achieved < 5% total weight loss. We reviewed each patient’s medical records for exposure to obesogenic medication during the time of treatment.

Results

Approximately 62% (n = 411) of patients entering MOVE! had a prescription for obesogenic medications. Obesogenic medication use was associated with worse weight‐loss outcomes, and participants were 37% less likely to achieve a clinically meaningful (≥ 5% total weight loss) outcome at the end of the MOVE! program (odds ratio, 0.633; 95% CI: 0.427‐0.937; adjusted P = 0.022). Patients who received three or more medications (n = 72) had the greatest difficulty achieving 5% weight loss compared with the control group (odds ratio, 0.265; 95% CI: 0.108‐0.646; adjusted P = 0.003).

Conclusions

The use of provider‐prescribed obesogenic medications was associated with worse weight‐loss outcomes in a behavioral weight‐loss program. Closer scrutiny of patient medications is necessary to help improve outcomes of weight‐loss treatments.
Comparative investigation of sensor application of polypyrrole for gaseous analytes
Authors: Sajid Hasnain , Mahmood Tariq , Mahmood Mian H.R. , Ayub Khurshid
Published: April 2019

Conducting organic polymers (COPs) are excellent candidates for sensor application. Polypyrrole is much superior in this regard than other COPs. A few studies indicate the potential of polypyrrole for some specific analytes; however, global picture of sensitivity and selectivity of polypyrrole sensor for various common analytes remains unclear. Here, we present first comprehensive study of polypyrrole sensors for various analytes: NH3, CO2, CO, N2H4, HCN, H2O2, H2S, CH4, CH3OH, SO2, SO3, and H2O. Geometric, thermodynamic, and electronic properties are calculated for infinite polymer to realize the sensor application of polypyrrole. The strongest interaction energy is observed for nPy‐N2H4 followed by nPy‐SO2/SO3 complexes. However, the interaction energy, charge transfer, FMO analysis, density‐of‐states, and electronic transitions envision the highest response toward SO2 and SO3. Surprisingly, the electronic properties of N2H4 complexes show quite opposite behavior than interaction energy. The uneven behavior of electronic properties for hydrazine is due to the interaction from two different sites which decreases the charge transfer. The excellent geometric and electronic properties related to the oxides of sulfur reveal that polypyrrole is highly selective toward SO2 and SO3.
Characterizing proteins in their cellular environment: Examples of recent advances in quantitative fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Royer Catherine A.
Published: April 2019

Quantitative characterization of protein interactions, both intramolecular and intermolecular, is crucial in understanding the mechanisms and regulation of their function. In recent years, it has become possible to obtain such information on protein systems in live cells, from bacteria to mammalian cell lines. This review discusses recent advances in measuring protein folding, absolute concentration, oligomerization, diffusion, transport, and organization at super‐resolution.
Comparison of preoperative locoregional Ga‐68 PSMA‐11 PET‐CT and mp‐MRI results with postoperative histopathology of prostate cancer
Authors: Yilmaz Burcak , Turkay Rustu , Colakoglu Yunus , Baytekin Halil F. , Ergul Nurhan , Sahin Selcuk , Tugcu Volkan , Inci Ercan , Tasci Ali I. , Cermik Tevfik F.
Published: April 2019

Background

Conventional imaging modalities are inadequate to evaluate locoregional extension of prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of the current retrospective study was to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of Gallium‐68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen‐11 (Ga‐68 PSMA‐11) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp‐MRI) for staging preoperative PCa patients with correlating histopathology.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐four patients with histologically proven PCa underwent both Ga‐68 PSMA‐11 PET/CT and mp‐MRI before robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. For each tumor area, correlations with histopathological results were defined for tumor localization, extraprostatic extension (EPE) of the tumor, invasion of seminal vesicle (SVI) and bladder neck invasion (BNI). In patients with regional lymph node (LN) dissection, histopathological results were also correlated with imaging modalities.

Results

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for detection of EPE and SVI were higher for mp‐MRI than Ga‐68 PSMA‐11 PET/CT. On the other hand Ga‐68 PSMA‐11 PET/CT had significant successful results for detection of LN metastases when compared with mp‐MRI. But for BNI detection both modalities had same insufficient results. Ga‐68 PSMA‐11 PET/CT had strong results for appropriate tumor localization in the gland.

Conclusion

Ga‐68 PSMA PET/CT has superior results for assessing local LN metastases and for intraprostatic tumor localization. Whereas, mp‐MRI must be the preferred modality for determining SVI and EPE. But both imaging modalities failed for determining BNI accurately. Both modalities should be used in conjunction with each other for better treatment planning.
Studying the Effect of Adhesive Layer Composition on MIP‐Based Thermal Biosensing
Authors: Rogosic Renato , Lowdon Joseph W. , Heidt Benjamin , Diliën Hanne , Eersels Kasper , Van Grinsven Bart , Cleij Thomas J.
Published: April 2019

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)‐based thermal sensing has proven to be a very interesting tool for diagnostic purposes. However, many fundamental phenomena are not yet fully understood. In the following study, MIPs are imprinted with the new psychoactive substance methoxphenidine (2‐MXP). Thermal detection of this compound in water is demonstrated for the very first time and the effect of varying the adhesive layer composition on the performance of the sensor is analyzed. Three different polymers are used to create a uniform adhesive layer. The surface coverage of MIPs on each of the layers as well as the heat‐transfer properties are studied. The results of the study indicate that the chips coated with poly(vinyl butyral‐co‐vinyl alcohol‐co‐vinyl acetate) display a higher surface coverage and a lower thermal resistance value. This results in an improved effect size and therefore improves dynamic range of the sensor.
Photosensitive Field‐Effect Transistors Made from Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes and Non‐Covalently Attached Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Blaudeck Thomas , Preuß Andrea , Scharf Sebastian , Notz Sebastian , Kossmann Alexander , Hartmann Susanne , Kasper Laura , Mendes Rafael G. , Gemming Thomas , Hermann Sascha , Lang Heinrich , Schulz Stefan E.
Published: April 2019

The authors propose an on‐chip microfluidic flow chemistry for non‐covalent functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as channel material in nanoelectronic carbon‐nanotube field‐effect transistors (CNT‐FETs) specifically aiming for personalized optoplasmonic sensor solutions. Applying pyrene alkanethiol derivatives, dissolved in chloroform, and a dispersion of gold nanoparticles in triglyme, the authors conduct the proof‐of‐principle to fabricate arrays of photosensitive CNT‐FETs using flow chemistry on wafer‐compatible hardware. The spectral photoresponse of the obtained sensor devices appears clear and reproducible and can be related to the surface plasmon polaritons of the gold nanoparticles. The sensor devices yield photometric responsivities of RA ≈ 8 × 10−3 AW−1 and response times of t0 ≈ 9 s. The results extend a previously reported approach for covalent functionalization (Blaudeck et al., Microelectron. Eng. 2015, 137, 135) and show the potential of flow chemistry combined with wafer‐level microfabrication for selectively functionalized nanostructured sensor arrays.
Emulation of Learning and Memory Behaviors by Memristor Based on Ag Migration on 2D MoS2 Surface
Authors: Yin Siqi , Luo Zhaochu , Li Qian , Xiong Chengyue , Liu Yunlong , Singh Rajan , Zeng Fei , Zhong Yi , Zhang Xiaozhong
Published: April 2019

Electrochemical metallization memories (ECM)‐based memristors are widely regarded as potential electronic devices for neuromorphic computing. However, in ECM‐based memristors, the formation of metallic conducting filament in insulating layer will cause an abrupt current increase, making it hard for analog neuromorphic emulation. Here, a memristor fabricated by using two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductor MoS2 that can provide atomically smooth and semi‐insulating surface as the medium for electric‐field‐driven migration of conducting filaments is proposed. This memristor based on the Ag ions migration on 2D MoS2 surface exhibits gradual conductance change behavior. Microstructure characterization shows that such gradual conductance change behavior can be attributed to the formation of conducting filament composed of a chain of metallic Ag nanoparticles of ≈5 nm at ON‐state device. By comparing with biological experimental data, it is found that our device can well mimic the learning behavior of Drosophila. Finding shows the potential to realize stable analog ECM‐based memristors and paves the way for fabricating large‐scale memristor network.
Dirac Semimetal States in Engineered Zero‐Gap InAs/GaInSb Superlattices
Authors: Patrashin Mikhail , Sekine Norihiko , Akahane Kouichi , Kasamatsu Akifumi , Hosako Iwao
Published: April 2019

The authors report the experimental realization and magnetotransport of artificially synthesized Dirac semimetals in InAs/GaInSb superlattices (SLs). Single crystals of zero‐gap SLs with a Dirac dispersion of quasiparticles are designed and grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy on GaSb(100) substrates. Magnetotransport is characterized at 4–300 K and the semimetallic properties of the samples are demonstrated by the non‐saturating magnetoresistance of 640% in a magnetic field of B = 8 T. To determine the nature and properties of the charge carriers, Shubnikov–de Haas oscillatory components of the magnetoresistivity are analyzed by using the Onsager quantization condition. The theoretical and experimental results indicate that a linear energy‐momentum dispersion of the quasiparticles in the plane of the SL layers is realized at two Dirac nodes near the center of the Brillouin zone.
Two‐Mode Stochastic Magnetic Structure in Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Fe–Zr Films
Authors: Harin Eugene V. , Sheftel Elena N. , Tedzhetov Valentin A. , Usmanova Galina S.
Published: April 2019

The magnetic structure of Fe100–xZrx films (x = 0, 0.6, 1.8, 2.9, and 4.1 ± 0.1 at%), which is characterized by the existence of stochastic domains determined by correlation magnetometry method, is discussed in terms of the random anisotropy model. It is found that two modes of the magnetic anisotropy field of stochastic domains are formed, which differ in the exchange stiffness magnitude and determine the existence of two modes of the coercive field found in the magnetic hysteresis loops.
Magnetic Conductive Outer Layer in Oxygen‐Deficient TiO2 Single Crystals
Authors: Zhang Zhaoting , Yan Hong , Ren Lixia , Li Ming , Wang Shuanhu , Jin Kexin
Published: April 2019

A magnetic conductive outer layer at insulating rutile TiO2 crystals is obtained by high‐temperature annealing at low oxygen pressure. The conductivity here is closely dependent on the annealing temperature and time and originates from oxygen vacancies, which has been verified by the observed mixed valence of Ti3+/4+. The most striking observation is the occurrence of ferromagnetism demonstrated by ferromagnetic hysteresis and anomalous Hall effect. The ferromagnetic hysteresis is weakly temperature dependent, which implies a defect‐induced ferromagnetism. The anomalous Hall effect provides transport evidence for the existence of a long‐range ferromagnetic order. The present work presents a prototypical case of designing surface physics from the interplay of multiple factors.
Ultraflexible Transparent Bio‐Based Polymer Conductive Films Based on Ag Nanowires
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhong Lu , Xu Feng , Song Weijie , Wang Jinggang , Zhu Jin , Chou ShuLei
Published: April 2019

The unstable mechanical properties of flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) make it difficult for them to meet the requirements for displays or wearable devices. Here, the relationship between the mechanism behind the bending behavior and the electrical properties, which is important for improving the mechanical stability of flexible TCFs, is explored. Flexible TCFs are reported based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) and bio‐based poly(ethylene‐co‐1,4‐cyclohexanedimethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate)s (PECFs), with a low sheet resistance (23.8 Ω sq−1 at 84.6% transmittance) and superior mechanical properties. The electrical properties of the AgNW/PECFs composite film show almost no change after bending for 2000 times.
Using tool integration for improving traceability management testing processes: An automotive industrial experience
Authors: Amalfitano Domenico , De Simone Vincenzo , Maietta Raffaele Rodolfo , Scala Stefano , Fasolino Anna Rita
Published: April 2019

Despite the high relevance of traceability in software processes, the activities of traceability creation and management are not always adequately supported in practice. The lack of integration between the tools adopted in the development processes is one of the main causes of such an ineffective management, where traceability relationships are still manually generated and maintained. In this paper we present an industrial experience we performed for improving the traceability management in a testing process performed in the Fiat Chrysler Automobiles company. In this context, we carried out a process for analyzing and identifying the main issues due to the ineffective traceability management and proposed a solution for addressing them. We designed and implemented a software architecture for integrating the existing application lifecycle management platform with the tools used in the process with the aim of automating the process execution and the traceability links management. The new architecture was validated by a case study that showed how the integration solution produced beneficial effects on quality attributes of the testing process.
Multifunctional Organic Emitters for High‐Performance and Low‐Cost Organic Light‐Emitting Didoes
Authors: Chen Minyu , Zhao Yi , Tang Zhenyu , Zhang Bin , Wei Bin
Published: April 2019

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have great potential applications in display and solid‐state lighting. Stability, cost and high operational efficiency are key issues governing the future commercial application of OLEDs. In this context, searching for multifunctional emitting materials with acceptable light‐emitting and charge‐transporting characteristics has gained increasing attention. For achieving high‐performance and low‐cost OLEDs, the suitable molecular design featured with different electronic and optical nature should be incorporated by combining the advantages of both functional units into the same molecules. This review highlights recent and current advances in developing bifunctional or multifunctional molecules, with the focus on structures, properties, and applications in OLEDs and organic laser.
Differential insular cortex sub-regional atrophy in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fathy Yasmine Y. , Hoogers Susanne E. , Berendse Henk W. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. , Visser Pieter J. , de Jong Frank J. , van de Berg Wilma D.J.
Published: April 2019

The insular cortex is proposed to function as a central brain hub characterized by wide-spread connections and diverse functional roles. As a result, its centrality in the brain confers high metabolic demands predisposing it to dysfunction in disease. However, the functional profile and vulnerability to degeneration varies across the insular sub-regions. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize and quantitatively analyze the relationship between insular cortex sub-regional atrophy, studied by voxel based morphometry, with cognitive and neuropsychiatric deficits in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We systematically searched through Pubmed and Embase and identified 519 studies that fit our criteria. A total of 41 studies (n = 2261 subjects) fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The peak insular coordinates were pooled and analyzed using Anatomic Likelihood Estimation. Our results showed greater left anterior insular cortex atrophy in FTD whereas the right anterior dorsal insular cortex showed larger clusters of atrophy in AD and PD/DLB. Yet contrast analyses did not reveal significant differences between disease groups. Functional analysis showed that left anterior insular cortex atrophy is associated with speech, emotion, and affective-cognitive deficits, and right dorsal atrophy with perception and cognitive deficits. In conclusion, insular sub-regional atrophy, particularly the anterior dorsal region, may contribute to cognitive and neuropsychiatric deficits in neurodegeneration. Our results support anterior insular cortex vulnerability and convey the differential involvement of the insular sub-regions in functional deficits in neurodegenerative diseases.