bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potencial de aplicação da sílica do arroz (SCA) em matrizes magnesianas para produção de rebolos abrasivos
Authors: Gomes Gabriel Misale , Dib Marcel Henrique Militão , Cheung Noé , Gomes Carlos Marmorato
Published: December 2022

RESUMO O polimento e desbaste de rochas ornamentais ou revestimentos cerâmicos como o porcelanato, tem por finalidade promover, por meio de ferramentas abrasivas, melhor acabamento superficial nestes produtos. Neste contexto, verifica-se o uso de matrizes magnesianas para produção de compósitos à base de carbeto de silício (SiC) que podem ser usados pela indústria em rebolos ou coroas abrasivas. Outra opção, são as matrizes poliméricas que fazem uso do diamante sintético como abrasivo. Neste sentido, apesar das matrizes magnesianas serem de baixo custo comparativamente às matrizes poliméricas, observa-se a necessidade de aprimoramento desta tecnologia por meio do uso de adições, como a sílica da casca do arroz (SCA) estudada neste trabalho, em vista de melhorias no polimento e maior durabilidade destes compósitos. No Brasil, o emprego desta sílica pode representar uma alternativa de menor custo e, assim, colaborar no desenvolvimento de matrizes abrasivas à base de óxido de magnésio. Nesta pesquisa foi resgatada a tecnologia do cimento magnesiano e buscou-se implementar a adição da SCA para atendimento não somente dos requisitos técnicos para sua aplicação em rebolos abrasivos, mas, também, colaborar em soluções mais sustentáveis pelo emprego de uma sílica proveniente de fontes renováveis. Dessa forma, as matrizes desenvolvidas foram analisadas aos esforços de compressão, tração na flexão, dureza Mohs e estabilidade dimensional, para verificação de seu desempenho mecânico e durabilidade. Adicionalmente, análises de Difratometria de Raios-X (DRX) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) complementaram o estudo para identificação das fases formadas e verificação da viabilidade de aplicação destes compostos na produção de matrizes para rebolos abrasivos.
Participación de la mujer en revistas pediátricas latinoamericanas. Análisis de 35 años
Authors: Dominguez Paula Alejandra , Calafatello Noelia , Amaya Gabriel , Otero Paula , Ferrero Fernando
Published: December 2022

Introducción: La participación de la mujer en publicación científica es limitada, especialmente en posiciones jerárquicas.
Objetivo: Estimar la participación de la mujer en publicaciones pediátricas latinoamericanas y su variación en 35 años.
Métodos: Se identificaron todos los artículos de Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría, Jornal de Pediatria y Revista Chilena de Pediatría de los años analizados (1985,1995, 2005, 2015, 2020), calculando la proporción de mujeres autoras, y como primer y último autor. Para cada variable, se evaluaron las modificaciones en el período estudiado (X2 para tendencia).
Resultados: Evaluamos 1860 artículos (6039 autores). Luego de un incremento significativo en el período evaluado, en 2020, 59,1 % de los autores, 59,7 % de los primeros autores, y 44,4 % de los últimos eran mujeres.
Conclusión: La proporción de mujeres autoras en revistas pediátricas latinoamericanas se incrementó en 35 años, alcanzando 59,1 %, pero su participación en lugares de prestigio es aún limitada.
The spin of dioxygen as the main factor in pulmonology and respiratory care
Authors: Boris Minaev
Published: December 2022

Not many doctors are aware of the most important obstacle in pulmonology and respiration care which is determined by the electronic structure of molecular oxygen. In great contrast to a huge majority of chemically stable substances, the O2 molecule possesses two non-paired electrons with parallel spins.
Brown fat and a short circuit make warm and slim
Authors: Manfred Doepp
Published: December 2022

It is not widely known that the body contains a mechanism that protects against cold and at the same time leads to normal body weight. It is brown fat, combined with a special protein called thermogenin/UCP1. Though there are several UnCoupled Proteins, the main one for the brown tissue is UCP1. It switches ATP production towards heat production. Good oils and cool outside temperatures help in this process.
The probability of developing a tumor in the small intestine neocyst
Authors: Kеln A. A. , Petrosyan G. S. , Kupchin A. V. , Lykov A. V. , Lebedev A. V. , Volynkina L. V.
Published: December 2022

In clinical practice and scientific literature, there is very little data on the occurrence of tumors in the urinary intestinal reservoirs in patients after radical cystectomy with cystoplasty. A characteristic feature of such tumors is a long latent period before the formation of a relapse from 4 to 32 years.

The article describes a clinical case of a 1951 patient with a tumor of a small intestinal neocyst. From the patient’s history, there is a long-term hematuria (for 2 years) after radical cystectomy with ileocystoplasty. The intensity of hematuria increased to the formation of profuse with the development of severe anemia. During the examination according to magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, ultrasound and invasive diagnostic examinations, no tumor was detected. The patient underwent a diagnostic laparotomy, a tumor was found in the area of ureteral-reservoir anastomosis of the small intestine neocyst. Resection of the small intestine reservoir and ureteral transplantation was performed. The morphological picture of the removed tumor is urothelial cancer of moderate differentiation.

Secondary tumors of the small intestinal urinary reservoirs are rare and have the structure of adenocarcinoma. The mechanisms of their occurrence have not been fully studied at the moment. Dynamic monitoring of patients after radical cystectomy and ileocystoplasty should be carried out in a specialized center.
Techniques of surgical hemostasis and sealing after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Nosov A. K. , Mamizhev E. M. , Shchekuteev N. A. , Semeyko D. P. , Lushina P. A. , Rumyantseva D. I. , Berkut M. V.
Published: December 2022

Background. The kidney cancer treatment remains cornerstone problem in our country for healthcare. Survival results of partial nephrectomy as a radical nephrectomy are similar in groups of patients with the same morphological features and was confirmed by previously results: “indications for nephron-sparing treatment of kidney cancer is determined with the degree of resectability, assessed subjectively by surgeon and his experience, ambitions and technical capabilities. It does not depend on oncological prognostic factors”. This thesis is actual due to oncological preoperative factors and limited only by tumor size. Therefore, development of technical capabilities, techniques and skills expand our capabilities in organ-preserving treatment.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bipolar coagulation with fibrin glue in comparison with the standard technique of surgical suture to the area of non-ischemic partial nephrectomy.

Materials and methods. This is prospective trial which had included the results of treatment of 121 patients who received partial-nephrectomy for localized kidney cancer from 2015 to 2017 at the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology. Two variants of hemostasis were used in the work: standard surgical (surgical suture) and electrohemostasis with an additional hemostatic component (fibrin glue). Among the selected patients, there were no patients with a single kidney and a pronounced violation of the excretory function of the organ.

Results. The groups were comparable in terms of tumor size (р = 0.09), morphometric characteristics according to the R.E.N.A.L. scale (p = 0.07), no differences were found in clinical and morphological staging. The use of electrohemostasis with a hemostatic glue component did not significantly affect at the excretory function of the kidney, assessed on the 3rd and 10th days after laparoscopic non-ischemic resection, which indirectly confirms the functional safety of the tested technique (р >0.05). The groups did not differ significantly in terms of the blood loss, hemotransfusions (р = 0.067), and none of delayed bleeding was found which indicates the reliability of electrohemostasis using an adhesive composition.

Conclusion. We proposed a patent “Method of surgical hemostasis in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy” RU2654402C1 by combining bipolar coagulation in the 90 W-effect 7–8 mode and hemostatic fibrin glue (SURGIFLO, PERCLOT). Used adhesive compositions complement the achieved electrohemostasis, and also provide sealing of the area of the resected kidney tissue.
Evaluation of quality of life of patients with solitary renal cancer metastases in bones before and after surgical treatment in combination with targeted therapy and without it
Authors: Kostritskiy S. V. , Shirokorad V. I. , Alekseev B. Ya. , Semenov D. V. , Kalpinskiy A. S. , Korneva Yu. S.
Published: December 2022

Background. Currently, treatment tactics for oligometastatic renal cancer are a debatable topic due to relatively localized process and high risk of skeletal-related events (SRE). Therefore, the effect of treatment on quality of life of these patients is an important subject.

Aim. To evaluate quality of life of patients with solitary renal cancer metastases in the bones before and after surgical treatment in combination with targeted therapy and without it.

Materials and methods. The study included 64 patients with solitary bone metastases and symptoms of SRE. The patients underwent surgical treatment due to solitary bone metastases of renal cancer in combination with targeted therapy (1st group; n = 25) and without targeted therapy (2nd group; n = 39). The effects of surgical treatment on patients’ condition were evaluated using the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire.

Results. In the 1st group, no statistically significant differences were shown for 8 of 30 indicators of the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire: restrictions in daily activities, dyspnea, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, tension, financial difficulties. The rest of the indicators showed statistically significant shift toward improvement. In the 2nd group, 7 of 30 indicators did not show statistically significant differences: restrictions in daily activities, dyspnea, sleep disorders, appetite loss, diarrhea, tension, financial difficulties. The rest of the questionnaire points also showed improvement (especially in decreased pain syndrome). In patients of the 2nd group before and after surgery, need for rest, fatigue, appetite loss and restrictions in performing work were more pronounced than in the 1st group. Additionally, after surgery patients of this group required more time in the chair and had more frequent diarrhea, while prior to surgery they complained more of nausea and fatigue. The last 2 parameters evaluating overall quality of life were higher in the 1st group before and after surgery which shows better baseline condition of these patients which was not affected by the treatment.

Conclusion. Therefore, surgical treatment of renal cancer bone metastases both in combination with targeted therapy and without it significantly improves quality of life according to the results of quality of life evaluation using the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire in patients of the studied groups.
Peptide antitumor vaccines targeting HER2/neu
Authors: Treshalina H. M. , Baryshnikova M. A. , Neborak E. V. , Kosorukov V. S.
Published: December 2022

Antitumor vaccines are aimed at correcting cellular immunity by overcoming immunological tolerance with eluding surveillance due to the specific presentation of tumor-associated or tumor-specific antigens to immunocompetent cells.The purpose of this review was to study modern strategies for the development of antitumor vaccines containing epitopes of HER2/neu receptors acting as tumor-associated antigens. Approaches to the creation of such vaccines are classified by targeting the T-cell link or B-cells by the choice and length of the epitopes used or by the use of specific adjuvants.The review provides information on this topic, obtained from more than 50 publications of the last 20 years, found in the most significant sources of citation. The text is categorized for the convenience of perception by scientists of different specialties and is completed with a brief conclusion with an emphasis on development prospects. The results of clinical studies of vaccines with an analysis of the immunological features of the results of immunotherapy, mainly breast cancer with HER2/neu expression, are considered. Vaccines targeting different histocompatibility complexes are compared. The review traces the evolution of vaccine preparations from the simplest containing short peptide sequences to complex combined systems, including viral vectors. Attention is paid to various methodological approaches used in the development of such drugs: from computer design and phage display in experiments in vitro/in vivo. The emphasis is placed on the problem of a personalized approach to vaccination of an oncological patient associated with a mutation process occurring inside tumors and leading to the appearance of unique tumor-associated antigens. The participation of complement system components in antibody-mediated lysis of tumor cells induced by the presented vaccines is discussed.Thus, the review introduces readers to the existing directions of creating immune drugs designed to suppress the development of the tumor process by activating the body’s own immune forces and the prospect of their development.
Serotype-independent protective activity of recombinant pneumolysin in a model of systemic infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 4 and 6B
Authors: Vorobyev D. S. , Petukhova E. S. , Volokh Yu. V. , Afanasyeva O. М. , Tokarskaya M. M. , Leonova A. Yu. , Zhigunova O. V. , Semenova I. B. , Gavrilova N. F. , Yakovleva I. V. , Yastrebova N. E.
Published: December 2022

Background. The development of a pneumococcal vaccine with serotype-independent activity is relevant for the whole world, as this is due to the high prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), the constant change of pathogen serotypes and the growth of antibiotic-resistant strains. In previous experiments, we revealed a protective effect of immunization with recombinant pneumolysin (rPly) in a model of systemic infection caused by S. pneumoniae serotype 3.

Aim. Study of serotype-independent protective activity of rPly.

Materials and methods. Strains of S. pneumoniae serotypes 4 and 6B were used. Mice were immunized intraperi-toneally two or three times with an interval of 14 days with rPly. To assess the protective activity of rPly, animals after double or triple immunization were infected intraperitoneally with S. pneumoniae .

Results. rPly at a triple immunization in a dose of 25 μg protected mice from intraperitoneal infection with S. pneu- moniae serotype 4, the efficiency index increased by 2 times compared with the control. with a double immunization, rPly protected mice from intraperitoneal infection with S. pneumoniae serotype 6B, efficiency index increased by 6.61 times compared with the control.

Conclusion. rPly protects animals from infection with different serotypes of S. pneumoniae, which allows us to consider it a promising drug for the development of pneumococcal vaccines with serotype-independent activity.
Bilateral pleural effusion: etiology, diagnostics
Authors: Stogova N. A.
Published: December 2022

The problem of etiologic diagnosis of bilateral pleural effusions is important because of the relatively large number and variety of diseases accompanied by this syndrome, the complexity of diagnosis verification, and the frequent diagnostic errors. The aim of this review is to describe the spectrum of diseases causing bilateral pleural effusion and to consider a set of diagnostic measures to clarify the etiology of the process. Analysis of 60 literature sources showed that the most common causes of bilateral transudative pleural effusions are cardiac, hepatic, and renal insufficiency. Exudative bilateral pleural effusions are found in inflammatory processes in the pleura, including tuberculosis, and develop when inflammation is transmitted by contact or lymphohematogenous routes from the lungs or other organs. Bilateral localization of pleural effusion in tumor processes is observed in 5.7% of cases. Bilateral pleural effusion is seen in pulmonary embolism, diffuse connective tissue diseases, acute idiopathic pericarditis, postinfarction Dressler syndrome, after pericardotomy, and after pacemaker placement. It may be observed in such rare diseases as sarcoidosis, yellow nail syndrome, and Meigs syndrome, and may be induced by some drugs. Conclusion. The choice of therapeutic measures for bilateral pleural effusion is determined by an accurate etiological diagnosis of the underlying disease. The diagnosis should be based on the patient's clinical data and cytologic, microbiologic, and biochemical analysis of pleural fluid obtained by pleural puncture. In some cases, additional examination methods such as pleural biopsy, bronchoscopy, ultrasound, computed, magnetic resonance imaging of the chest and abdomen, and positron emission tomography are required.
D-hypovitaminosis in working age patients with diseases of the respiratory organs: the risks and prevention
Authors: Ibrayeva L. K. , Rybalkina D. Kh. , Evmenova O. A. , Turdaly F. M. , Ibragim Zh. T.
Published: December 2022

D-hypovitaminosis in the working-age population is quite common in industrialized countries, especially when it comes to patients with chronic diseases, including respiratory ones. The role of vitamin D in calcium and bone homeostasis is well known. In recent years, vitamin D has been recognized to modulate many processes and regulatory systems involved in the immune response and reparative processes, in addition to the classic function of this vitamin. Aim. A review of the prevalence of D-hypovitaminosis in the working-age population with respiratory diseases was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov databases for 2014 - 2019. Results. Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that low serum vitamin D is associated with impaired lung function, an increase in the incidence of inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic diseases, which include asthma, COPD, and cancer. Conclusion. Knowledge of direct pathogenetic relationships between vitamin D levels and lung diseases is currently limited, although there is a number of studies that highlight the relevance of this relationship. A number of studies are contradictory in their results, which requires further study of the role of vitamin D levels in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and the need for its inclusion in the essential therapy to improve the effectiveness of treatment and accuracy of the prognosis. However, large-scale screening studies of vitamin D level for the purpose of its correction are costly, even with a single measurement.
Challenge No.2. Differential diagnosis of bronchiectasis
Authors: Brodskaya O. N. , Butyugina I. N. , Gracheva O. Yu.
Published: December 2022

Ответ на клиническую задачу № 2 см. на с. 928.
Foreign Body (Tooth) in the Tongue – A Case Report
Authors: Sadaksharam Jayachandran , Palanisamy Anitha
Published: December 2022

Tooth fragments or foreign objects like obturation materials, broken instruments, restorative materials, needles, and bullets from gunshot injuries occasionally penetrate into soft tissues and may become a potent source of pain and infection. It may cause acute or chronic symptoms. This case report describes a 48-year-old woman with a fractured tooth fragment embedded in the tongue in the past three years and remained asymptomatic. This case emphasizes the importance
Toxicological Evaluation of Alginic Acid, a Polysaccharide Isolated from Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kutzing on Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Krishna P S Ramya , Jayaraman Anbu , Nayak A. Damodar , Baidya Moushumi
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Alginic acid, a polysaccharide is one of the important phytochemical ingredients of brown algae, Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kutzing. T. conoides has been studied for various pharmacological activities, yet no toxicological information found in the literature therefore, preset study aimed at extraction and isolation of alginic acid and to assess the safety profile through acute and sub acute toxicity study in both male and female rats. Materials and Methods: Alginic acid was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. In acute toxicity study, female rats received 2000 mg/kg of isolated product, at a single dose on oral administration. In subacute toxicity study, both male and female rats were given with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the isolated product, orally, for a period of 28 days consecutively and behavioral changes, hematological, biochemical and histopathological investigations were verified. Results and Discussion: In acute toxicity study, no morbidity or mortality was reported with alginic acid treated animals at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, there were no treatment related abnormalities observed in hematological and biochemical parameters except, decreased red blood cell count (400 mg/kg); increased platelets (200 mg/kg) in female rats and increased levels of liver parameters (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma glutaryl transferase); lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose) in both male and female rats. Histopathology studies revealed a slight infiltration of cells and congestion in blood vessels in the liver; congestion of alveolar tissue in lungs with 400 mg/kg treated animals. No behavioural changes observed. Conclusion: From the obtained results it is indicated that the oral administration of alginic acid (active principle of T. conoides) did not produce any significant adverse effects in rats of both the sex. Hence, alginic acid was considered as safe to use for further therapeutic purpose.
Recognition and Assessment of Antidotal Effects of Diphenhydramine against Acute Carbaryl Insecticide Poisoning in a Chick Model
Authors: Mohammed Ammar A , Mohammad Fouad Kasim
Published: December 2022

Diphenhydramine antagonizes poisoning produced by cholinesterase (ChE) inhibiting insecticides. This study examines the effects of diphenhydramine against acute poisoning induced by the carbamate insecticide carbaryl in a chick model. The effects of diphenhydramine on the 24 h median Lethal Dose (LD50), and acute toxicity of carbaryl were assessed in chicks (7-15 days old). The plasma and whole brain ChE activities were measured electrometrically in vitro and in vivo. Diphenhydramine at 10mg/Kg Body wt. administered intramuscularly 15 min before carbaryl dosing increased the oral LD50 value of carbaryl (207 mg/Kg Body wt.) by 62%. Carbaryl at 250 mg/Kg Body wt. has orally produced toxidrome of cholinergic poisoning with 100% lethality in 24 h. Diphenhydramine (10mg/ Kg Body wt.) used 15 min before carbaryl (250mg/Kg Body wt., orally) was the most effective dose (vs 5 and 20mg/Kg Body wt.) in delaying carbaryl-toxicity and increasing survivals in chicks. The intramuscular median effective dose (ED50) of diphenhydramine which prevented 24 h carbaryl-death in chicks was 8.6mg/ Kg Body wt. The antidotal response to diphenhydramine was similar to that of the standard antidote atropine sulfate. Diphenhydramine at 10mg/Kg Body wt., given immediately after carbaryl (200mg/Kg Body wt.), reduced the percentages of plasma and whole brain ChE inhibitions in vivo by 12- and 13%, respectively. Carbaryl (10μmol/L) in vitro inhibited ChE activities in the plasma and brain by 53 and 77%, respectively; these inhibitions were reduced by 13- and 14%, respectively, when diphenhydramine (10μmol/L) was added to in vitro reactions. Diphenhydramine exerted antidotal action against a model of acute and lethal carbaryl intoxication in chicks.
Clinical Application of the Persian Version of Buffalo Model Questionnaire by examining Its correlation with the Buffalo Model Test Battery
Authors: Jarollahi Farnoush , Jalaie Shoreh , Ahadi Mohsen , Ahmadi Zohreh , Khamisabadi Saeedeh
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: The  Buffalo  Model  Questionnaire  (BMQ)  has  been  proposed  for the screening, helping to diagnose  and also monitoring  the effect  of rehabilitation  on  the improvement of Central Auditory Processing Disorder ((C)APD). In this regard, the applicability and accuracy of Persian-BMQ (P-BMQ) are evaluated by examining the correlation between the results of this questionnaire and the Buffalo model test battery.
Methods: Overall, 254 children, normal and with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) aged between 7–12 years old participated in this cross-sectional study. The questionnaire was completed by the parents of children who were subjected to the Buffalo model test battery evaluations.
Results: In the normal group, the highest correlation (0.648) was shown between the Decoding (D) component of the P-BMQ with the Row Staggered Spondaic Word (RSSW) variable. In the SLD group, the highest correlation (0.318) was shown between the Variance-tolerance fading memory (V) component of the P-BMQ and the qualitative Persian version of the Phonemic Sentence Test (P-PST) variable. The highest correlation was considered to be between the D component of the P-BMQ with the Right Competitive word, started in the Left ear (RC-LEF) variable in the SSW test (0.498), and qualitative P-PST variable (0.471); and 0.360 between the V component of the P-BMQ and Persian version of the Speech in Noise with S/N=4 in the Left ear (P-SIN4L) of variable in the P-SIN test.
Conclusion: P-BMQ is a useful screening tool complementing the Persian Buffalo model test battery for evaluating auditory processing evaluation in children.
Keywords: Central auditory processing disorder; specific learning disorder; Buffalo model questionnaire
Spinoza Etiğinde Upuygun Bir Fikir Olarak “Ahlaki Farkındalık”: Bilinç mi, Vicdan mı?
Authors: DAĞ Enes
Published: December 2022

Spinoza, conscientia ve conscius kavramları arasında anlamsal herhangi bir ayırım yapmayıp birini diğerinin yerine kullanmıştır. Ancak geleneksel felsefede conscientia kavramı “ahlaki duyarlılık” ya da “farkındalık” anlamına gelen bir “iç ses” ya da “vicdan” olarak kullanılmakta ve hem rasyonel hem de irrasyonel süreçleri ifade etmektedir. Diğer yandan aynı felsefi gelenekte conscius kavramı ise “bilinç” anlamında kullanılmakta ve rasyonel süreçlere dayalı zihinsel ya da psikolojik bir düşünümsel faaliyeti ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışma, öncelikle Spinoza’nın iki kavramı aynı anlamda kullanmasından hareketle “ahlaki duyarlılık”ın da zihinsel bir eylem olan refleksif düşünce neticesinde oluştuğunu iddia etmektedir. Çalışmada bilincin fikirler arası ilişkiye dayanan düşünümsel bir faaliyet olarak anlaşıldığı yerde, “ahlaki farkındalık”ın zihinde fikirler arası ilişki neticesinde yeni bir fikir olarak meydana geldiği savunulmaktadır. İkinci olarak çalışmada Spinoza’nın bir “vicdan teorisi”nden ziyade, söz konusu farkındalıktan hareketle bir tür “ahlaki bilinç” teorisi geliştirdiği tespit edilmektedir. Bu iddia ve tespitlerin ana odağını ise Spinoza etiğinin temel kavramları olan “iyi” ve “kötü”nün zihinde birer duygu olarak meydana gelen “sevinç” ve “keder” fikrinden doğması oluşturmaktadır. Burada “sevinç” veya “keder” bedenin etkilenişleri neticesinde zihinde meydana gelen “birincil fikirler”; “iyi” veya “kötü” ise zihnin bu birincil fikirler üzerine tefekkürü neticesinde oluşturduğu “ikincil fikirler” olarak ele alınmaktadır. Makalede “ahlaki bilinç” teorisi, bu tarz ikincil fikirler olan “fikrin fikri”ne dayandırılarak oluşturulmaktadır.
Kartezyen Döngü ve Descartes’ın Epistemolojisinde Tanrı’nın Önemi
Authors: ATAKUL Nur Betül
Published: December 2022

Descartes'ın Meditasyonlar’ı, Tanrı'nın varlığını ve doğruluğunu kanıtlarken mantıksal bir yanlışlık yapıp yapmadığı konusunda ciddi bir meseleyi gündeme getirmiştir. İddianın can alıcı noktası onun açık ve seçik algıların doğruluğunun Tanrı'nın doğruluğuna bağlı olduğunu iddia ederken, bunun geçerliliğinin ise Cogito gibi bazı açık ve seçik algılara dayandığını söylemesidir. İlk bakışta, dikkatli bir şekilde okunmadıysa Meditasyonlar bu suçlamayı haklı çıkarır. Kartezyen döngü iddiasının ortadan kaldırılması, en azından bazı açık ve seçik algıların kötü deha hipotezinden korunduğunu göstermeye bağlıdır. Bu makalede Cogito argümanı, doğruluk kuralı ve aklın prensiplerinin özellikle nedenselliğin doğruluklarının tanrısal teminata ihtiyaç duymadığını savunacağım. Böylece onun Tanrı’nın varlığı ve güvenilirliği hakkındaki argümanlarının döngüsellik içermediğini müdafaa edeceğim. Yine de Descartes'ın epistemolojisinin metafizik temelleri büyük ölçüde Tanrı'ya dayanır, çünkü onun doğruluğu olmadan onulmaz bir solipsizmi kabul etmeye mahkûm oluruz ve bilim için, özellikle fizik için asla sağlam bir zemin elde edemeyiz.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS PELOS IDOSOS HIPERTENSOS
Authors: Souza Érica Motta de , Favarin Mariane Rezin , Hoepers Neiva Junkes , Birollo Ioná Vieira Bez , Soratto Maria Tereza
Published: December 2022

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, a identificação da forma com que são utilizadas as plantas medicinais pelos hipertensos participantes de um grupo de idoso.  Participaram deste estudo 11 idosos hipertensos que utilizam algum tipo de planta medicinal. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, aplicou-se entrevista semi-estruturada. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, a partir da categorização proposta por Minayo. Os resultados apontaram que os idosos adquiriram informações e orientações sobre as plantas medicinais através da família, conhecimentos transmitidos de geração em geração, relatam conseguir as plantas medicinais no quintal de casa, com os vizinhos e parentes, colhem as plantas medicinais e já a utilizam. As Plantas Medicinais que utilizam para a Hipertensão são: chuchu; limão; berinjela; erva doce, camomila e cana cidreira, sendo que nem todas são indicadas para hipertensão. Todos os idosos relataram que não receberam orientações sobre a utilização de plantas medicinais, por profissionais de saúde. Logo, observou-se a falta de capacitação e busca pela qualificação dos profissionais acerca de assuntos que envolvem as plantas medicinais, tendo em vista que estas são muitas vezes utilizadas de forma inadequada devido à falta de informação.
Cultivation of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica plants at the multi circle hydroponic installation with help of natural immunomodulators
Authors: Balashova I. T. , Bondareva L. L. , Pinchuk E. V. , Molchanova A. V. , Shevchenko T. E. , Mashcenco N. E.
Published: December 2022

Relevance. Modern vegetable production in greenhouses is based on high tech-advantageous, such as vertical hydroponic technology. Increasing of vertical hydroponic market is conditioned with ensuring the food security of states in conditions instability of food deliveries due to violations of traditional logistic connections. The program of vertical tomato hydroponics was developed and used in practice at the FSBSI FSVC in 2010-2020. Productivity potential of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica cultivated at vertical hydroponic installation have been studied in connection with the spread of consumption of fresh greens and “yellow-green” vegetables.

The goal of the study was: the productivity characteristics and analysis of biochemical composition Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica cultivated at the five-circle vertical hydroponic installation with help of natural immunomodulators.

Materials and methods. Materials of study: seeds and leaves (rosette of leaves) from 2 varieties of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica – Japanese variety Salad Mizuna and new variety Salut Jubileiu (originated from FSBSI FSVC); immune modulators – flavonoid glycoside linarozide and steroid glycosides moldstim and trigonellozide.

Methods. Seed treatment with 0,005%-water solutions of immune modulators; cultivation plants Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica at the five-circle vertical hydroponic construction; analytical methods: determination of dry meter; determination the sum of antioxidants in leaves of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica; biometry; statistical methods: one-factorial dispersion analysis and two-factorial dispersion analysis.

Results. Possibility of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica plants cultivation at multi circle hydroponic installations was established by authors. Seed treatment with water solutions of immune modulators wasn’t influence on seedlings appearing (the quality of seeds was very high -99-100%). Height of plant (of rosette) the variety Mizuna was increased as the reaction on the seed treatment, but the weight of plants wasn’t change. Salut Jubileiu variety reacted with increasing the common weight of plants. Number of leaves was increased. The content of dry matter in leaves didn’t change, but the sum content of antioxidants is rise significantly after seed treatment of immune modulators. The conclusion has been made: applying of immune modulators from glycosides class could to increase the productivity, vitamin value and safety cultivation of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica plants at multi circle hydroponics installation.
Abiotic stresses and ways to overcome them on Achillea millefolium L. in conditions of the Western Precaucasus
Authors: Tkhaganov R. R. , Morozov A. I. , Tropina N. S. , Tkhaganov R. N.
Published: December 2022

Relevance. An important place in the extensive assortment of ether-oil cultures belongs to the common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), phytopreparations produced on its basis are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory processes, the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract.

Methodology. To provide the pharmaceutical industry with this type of medicinal raw materials, it is necessary to create adapted technologies, where an important link will be the development of techniques for adapting the culture to unstable weather conditions.

Results. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the North Caucasus branch of VILAR (West Ciscaucasia) in 2019-2021, by conducting small-scale experiments. The indicators of growth and development of yarrow of the II-V years of vegetation, the yield of raw materials, the content of essential oil and its collection per hectare under unstable weather conditions were studied. It was found that with sufficient moisture supply and a comfortable level of air temperatures in 2021, a high yield of medicinal raw materials of this crop is observed. At the same time, low water supply and high temperatures in 2020 had a negative impact on plant development, a drop in yield of 1.35-1.65 t/ha was established, which led to losses in the collection of essential oil per hectare by 3.23-4.32 kg/ha. A decrease in the degree of negative impact of drought on yarrow plants of the II-IV years of vegetation was achieved through the use of silicon-containing microfertilization Siliplant. Double treatment with this drug contributed to a decrease in the yield of raw materials to 5-6% and the collection of essential oil per hectare to 5-7%. in the control – 21-24% and 22-24%, respectively. Despite the high yield of raw materials in the III-III years of yarrow vegetation, the use of Siliplant allows collecting ether-oil raw materials for 4 years. Thus, the inclusion of Siliplant microfertilization in cultivation technology allows plants to adapt to hydrothermal stress conditions and makes it possible to obtain stable yields of raw materials with a high collection of essential oil per hectare, regardless of weather conditions.
Effect of ripening on biochemical characteristics of tangerine tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Kondratyeva I. Yu. , Molchanova A. V.
Published: December 2022

Relevance. When creating tomato varieties and hybrids, much attention is paid not only to the commercial component (yield, appearance and uniform ripening), but also to the taste qualities of the products. Salad tomato varieties with yellow, tangerine, and pink fruits are increasingly in demand. As a rule, these fruits do not store for a long time, so it is necessary to increase their storability and transportability. Fruits of this group of tomatoes have high antioxidant activity, which is due not only to the significant content of water-soluble antioxidants (such as ascorbic acid), but also carotenoids. The preservation of fruit largely depends on the dry matter content.

The aim of investigation is to study biochemical parameters of tangerine tomatoes fruits under different ripening conditions.

Materials and methods. Plants were grown in the greenhouse of Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. Biochemical characteristics of tomato fruits were studied during harvesting and after laying for storage in the milky ripeness phase according to the following indicators: dry matter, ascorbic acid, total content of water-soluble antioxidants, titratable acidity, monosaccharides, polyphenols and carotenoids.

Results. The percentage of dry matter in tangerine tomato fruits does not change during storage, even increases slightly. The dry matter content of fruits from the open field is slightly higher than that of fruits from the greenhouse. The content of sugars and ascorbic acid in fruits with tangerine fruits after laying for ripening decreases slightly. However, the content of these compounds is higher in mature fruits immediately after picking than in fruits after ripening. The total content of antioxidants during ripening decreases, though not significantly (in 1.1-1.7 times).
The effect of mulching materials on yield, biochemical composition and preservation of fruits of bell pepper
Authors: Yanchenko E. V. , Engalychev D. I. , Engalycheva N. A. , Alekseeva K. L.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The use of new covering materials is an important modern agrotechnique for cultivating of bell pepper in the open ground, which allows to minimize chemical treatments, increasing the yield, quality and preservation quality of vegetable products.

The purpose of this work is to study the effect of various mulching materials (black polyethylene film and spandbond «Agrotex 60 perforated mulch») on the yield of bell pepper and also on biochemical composition of fruits and on their preservation quality in relation to the ripeness phase.

Methods. The objects of the study were the fruits of two bell pepper hybrids of domestic and foreign breeding (respectively Nathalie F1 and Anetta F1), grown in the open ground using mulching materials. The experiments were laid according to standard methods adopted in vegetable growing. Storage was carried out in accordance with the methodological guidelines for conducting research on the storage of vegetables.

Results. The use of mulching materials contributed to an increase in total yield and the yield of standard products in the crop structure, and also positively affected the accumulation of solids, vitamin C, monosaccharides, disaccharides and as a whole – the sum of sugars. The domestic hybrid Natalie F1 (74.9%), grown using black film as a mulching material, as compared to foreign hybrid Anetta F1 (71.3%), was characterized by better preservation quality. Significant differences in the chemical composition of fruits depending on the ripeness phase were revealed. Fruits laid for storage in full biological ripeness (red) were characterized by an increased amount of weight loss on all storage options. A positive effect on the storage persistence of bell pepper fruits with use of mulching materials on all variants of the experiment was also established.
Applying lessons learned: nursing facility administrators’ operational and ethical challenges during COVID-19
Authors: Wickersham Mary Eleanor
Published: December 2022

Operational and ethical challenges for nursing homes across the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic were daunting, that experience perhaps only a forecast of future epidemics that nursing home administrators and operators may face. This article describes administrator-identified challenges and focuses on how nursing homes might learn from their experiences by increasing flexibility to meet evolving needs, improving quality assurance and disaster planning, using ethics policies and ethical decision-making processes to work through difficult decisions, and leading the way in creating new policies that will make nursing home care safer and more appropriate for patients with ever-changing needs.
Prevalence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase Producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Isolated from Buffaloes in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Yadav V. , Joshi R.K. , Joshi N. , Singh S.V. , Gupta R.K. , Niyogi D. , Yadav D.K.
Published: December 2022

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to emergence and spread of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are point of discussion in both human as well as in animals across the world as it is one of the latest challenges faced by scientific community. The present study highlighted the prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from buffaloes in Uttar Pradesh. Methods: Total 240 samples were collected from two district of eastern plain zone of Uttar Pradesh during January 2020 to March 2021. E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates were confirmed by cultural characteristics in selective media and biochemical tests. ESBL producing isolates were confirmed by DDST, ESBL E-strip and PCR analysis using specific primer for (bla-CTX-M-1, bla-CTX-M-2, bla-CTX-M-9, bla-TEM and bla-SHV). Antibiogram of all confirmed ESBL producing isolates was performed against 20 antimicrobials under 12 different classes. Result: In the present study, a total of 147 (61.25%) E. coli and 19 (7.91%) Klebsiella spp. were isolated and identified based on cultural and biochemical characteristics. A total of 104 (62.65%) and 99 (59.63%) isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers using DDST and ESBL E-strip tests respectively. PCR analysis, revealed the presence of selected ESBL genes in 92 (55.42%) isolates, among them bla-CTX-M-1 was found most dominant gene (69.41%) in E. coli and (71.42%) in Klebsiella spp. All the ESBL positive E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates were found to be 99-100% and 86-100% sensitive to chloramphenicol, polypeptides and aminoglycosides classes respectively. Both isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. showed 100% resistance to cefotaxime, cefpodoxime ceftriazone and ampicillin, 76.47% and 71.42% to ceftazidime respectively and 81.52% isolates were found to be MDR.
Effect of using Compound Feeds with Different Protein Levels on Meat-type Quails
Authors: Tudorache Minodora , Custura I. , Popescu-Miclosanu Elena , Ionita L. , Pogurschi Elena Narcisa , Popa Dana Catalina
Published: December 2022

Background: In raising quails for meat production, great importance must be given to their nutrition, the use of the right compound feed suitable for them ensuring the achievement of higher performance. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of crude protein in compound feed on production performance in meat-type quails and their productive characterization. Methods: For the research, data were collected and statistically processed from Jumbo meat quails, youth and adults, during the years 2020 and 2021 in a farm specialized in quail growth. Result: It is recommended to use in the meat quail youth a compound feed with a protein value of 24.80% throughout the six weeks of growth because it ensures 15.00% superior performance (265.23±4.13 g/head at 42 days) compared to the reduction of the protein level at the age of 21 days from 24.80% to 22.50%. It is also recommended for laying quails to use a feed with a protein level of 21% which leads to significantly higher results (average 12-month laying percentage of 78.75±2.91%) compared to protein level of 18.20%.
Türkiye’de Uygulanan LGS ve TIMSS Sınavlarındaki Soruların Karşılaştırılması
Authors: AKBABA KINA Elif , YÜCE Zeynep
Published: December 2022

Bireylerin ve toplumların, günümüz dünyasındaki değişim ve gelişmelere uyum sağlayabilmesi ve değişimleri açık bir şekilde devam ettirebilmesi için ülkelerin eğitim sistemlerinin bu yönde planlanması gerekir. Bu doğrultuda eğitim dönemlerinin sonunda yapılan sınavların da önemi büyüktür. Türkiye ve Dünya’da 8. sınıf öğrencilerine merkezi ölçme-değerlendirme amacıyla birçok sınav uygulanmaktadır. Böylelikle, her ülke ulusal ve uluslararası alanda yapılan sınavları karşılaştırarak kendi eğitim sistemlerinin işleyiş biçimlerini daha net anlamaktadır. Bu sınavlardan, Türkiye’de uygulanan ulusal sınav LGS’dir. Uluslararası sınavlardan birisi ise yine Türkiye’de uygulanan TIMSS sınavıdır. Yapılan bu araştırmayla da 8. sınıf öğrencilerine 2019 yılında uygulanan LGS ve TIMSS sınavlarının fen bilimleri alanlarında yer alan fizik ve kimya sorularının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda fizik ve kimya alanları için öğrenci başarıları farklı değişkenler bakımından değerlendirilmiş ayrıca bu iki sınavda sorulan soruların yer aldıkları bilişsel süreç basamakları belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Kars’da, 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında 8. sınıfta öğrenim gören 236 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem grubundan elde edilen veriler SPSS programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere bağımsız gruplar t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Pearson Korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Etki büyüklüğünü hesaplamak amacıyla da eta-kare (η2) formülünden faydalanılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmada TIMSS ölçeği ile LGS ölçeği arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Soruların yer aldığı bilimsel süreç basamakları da bilme, akıl yürütme ve uygulama basamağı olarak ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin TIMSS sınavında daha başarılı olduğu görülmüştür.
THE ROLE OF HYPERURICEMIA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Statsenko Mikhail E. , Turkina Svetlana V. , Ustinova Margarita N. , Tumarenko Alexander V. , Sviridenko Oleg Y. , Sviridenko Anton O.
Published: December 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hyperuricemia (HU) are currently considered by many authors as a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and associated with insulin resistance (IR), increased body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), cardiovascular disease (CVD). The latest data of numerous studies prove that HU is a significant risk factor for the development of not only obesity, DM2, CVD, but also NAFLD.
Cismas y reavivamientos
Authors: Ibarra Carlos Samuel , Gomes Edson Fernando
Published: December 2022

Este artículo aborda la cuestión de la diversidad religiosa en México y las categorías de clasificación que se han utilizado para describir las formas de creer en este país, sobre todo a raíz del panorama ofrecido por el Censo Nacional de Población de 2020 (INEGI, 2020) y la Encuesta Nacional Sobre Prácticas y Creencias Religiosas (ENCREER, 2016); bajo este contexto, se sugiere que el uso de categorías como evangélicos, pentecostales y neopentecostales han invisibilizado formas emergentes de creer que no necesariamente se identifican con el pertenecer a una religión o a una denominación en particular, particularmente entre grupos de cristianos que no entran dentro del protestantismo histórico ni dentro de los grupos no-bíblicos como los Testigos de Jehová o los Adventistas del Séptimo Día. Utilizando información de campo, se propone retomar la categoría de lo postdenominacional (Miller, 1998), utilizada en los estudios religiosos anglosajones, para poder visibilizar los cambios y las innovaciones generacionales en los grupos religiosos, así como para establecer una clasificación más certera de la diversidad religiosa en el país y en Latinoamérica.