bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised star, galaxy, QSO classification
Authors: Logan C. H. A. , Fotopoulou S.
Published: November 2019

Context. Classification will be an important first step for upcoming surveys aimed at detecting billions of new sources, such as LSST and Euclid, as well as DESI, 4MOST, and MOONS. The application of traditional methods of model fitting and colour-colour selections will face significant computational constraints, while machine-learning methods offer a viable approach to tackle datasets of that volume.

Aims. While supervised learning methods can prove very useful for classification tasks, the creation of representative and accurate training sets is a task that consumes a great deal of resources and time. We present a viable alternative using an unsupervised machine learning method to separate stars, galaxies and QSOs using photometric data.

Methods. The heart of our work uses Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) to find the star, galaxy, and QSO clusters in a multidimensional colour space. We optimized the hyperparameters and input attributes of three separate HDBSCAN runs, each to select a particular object class and, thus, treat the output of each separate run as a binary classifier. We subsequently consolidated the output to give our final classifications, optimized on the basis of their F1 scores. We explored the use of Random Forest and PCA as part of the pre-processing stage for feature selection and dimensionality reduction.

Results. Using our dataset of ∼50 000 spectroscopically labelled objects we obtain F1 scores of 98.9, 98.9, and 93.13 respectively for star, galaxy, and QSO selection using our unsupervised learning method. We find that careful attribute selection is a vital part of accurate classification with HDBSCAN. We applied our classification to a subset of the SDSS spectroscopic catalogue and demonstrated the potential of our approach in correcting misclassified spectra useful for DESI and 4MOST. Finally, we created a multiwavelength catalogue of 2.7 million sources using the KiDS, VIKING, and ALLWISE surveys and published corresponding classifications and photometric redshifts.
Application of impact analysis SDC method for verification of whiplash injuries
Authors: Aleksandrowicz Piotr
Published: November 2019

Collisions of vehicles that occur in cities involve relatively low speeds. Even though the speed of a collision is not high passengers are exposed to a risk of neck spine damage when a rear-end accident takes place. These injures are referred to as Whiplash injuries which are difficult to verify when it is necessary to resolve a rear-end collision damage claim. This study presents procedures of SDC method to be used for verification of circumstances that are reported to have caused such injuries. An analysis was carried out based on a case study of a collision of two passenger cars of different categories and the results can be used by theoreticians and practitioners who are involved in research on this subject.
Methods for Vibration Reduction in Enclosed Electronic Packages
Authors: Kovtun Igor , Boiko Juliy , Petrashchuk Svitlana , Kałaczyński Tomasz
Published: November 2019

Excitation and transmission of vibration inside electronic packages are strongly connected with mechanical characteristics of their enclosure, which are in the objective for the current research aimed at developing methods and means to reduce vibration inside the enclosure case. The main idea of the introduced methods is in creating elastic and dissipative mechanical joints between structural elements, which appear to be the links for vibration transmission, inside and outside of the electronic package enclosure. The effectiveness of developed methods is proved by experimental verification and theoretical foundation.
Analysis of vibrodiagnostics methods in the technical state study of designed multimedia mobile scenes
Authors: Łukasiewicz Marcin , Liss Michał , Dluhunovych Natalia
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the possibilities of using vibroacoustic methods in the study of the technical condition of designed multimedia mobile scenes. In particular, the possibility of implementing modal analysis methods in modelling and diagnostic research process has been presented. The use of virtual methods enables diagnostic tests both at the design stage and at the stage of normal operation, whereas modal methods help to explain the nature of the work of the element under investigation.
Analysis of the impact of an operator’s workstation on the safety of functioning of selected road transport systems
Authors: Muślewski Łukasz
Published: November 2019

Modern times are characterized by fast economic and social development. However, not all spheres of life have developed in a sustainable manner, for example some elements of anthropotechnical systems are still far from being sustainable. This results in low safety level of these systems involving high risk of injury or death caused by road accidents. Transport systems of the type Human-Machine-Environment , where undesired events are caused by human behavior, belong to such systems. The author of this study has addressed the issues connected with the impact of man-made objects on their operation safety. The objects in question are selected transport systems and the study subject is assessment of the equipment operator’s behavior. The main goal of this study is to provide assessment and analysis of the impact of transport means ergonomics on the quality of transport services they provide. The research object are delivery trucks with the maximum vehicle weight up to 3.5t. The first part of the study contains identification of the factors and threats which affect functioning of transport systems. Further, ergonomics criterion is defined and the factors affecting ergonomics of selected transport means are provided. A questionnaire survey was performed with participation of professional drivers who were asked to identify the factors which have an adverse effect on the safety of the transport process as well as factors that increase the drivers’ comfort of work. Basing on this, an analysis of the results was performed and negative aspects involved in driving ergonomics were identified.
Evaluation of linear losses in ventilation ducts with a rounded rectangle cross-section
Authors: Peszynski Kazimierz , Tesař Václav , Kuliś Ewa
Published: November 2019

The paper presents a new ventilation system characterized by the cross-section of the channels in the shape of a rounded rectangle. The basic research problem was the determination of local losses in the system components. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to know the linear losses in the ducts. The principle of determining both types of losses was presented. The friction coefficients of linear pressure losses referred to the unit of the straight length of the duct section ζl[m−1] as well as generalized dimensionless friction coefficient of linear pressure losses λ [-] is presented. The main achievement of the paper is the statement that the lambda coefficient λ can replace the coefficients ζl examined duct cross-sections.
Application of the Pareto front for risk control in the transport system
Authors: Sołtysiak Agnieszka , Migawa Klaudiusz
Published: November 2019

The article describes the developed model of controlling the process of means of transport operation, in which the choice of control strategy is carried out using non-deterministic methods. The model presented in the paper allows one to evaluate the quality of the transport system operation from the point of view of selected evaluation criteria: the risk of occurrence of undesired events and the availability of means of transport. The article presents a description of the method for determining the optimal (quasi-optimal) strategy for controlling the process of the use of means of transport taking into account the semi-Markov decision- making processes. The selection of the optimal (quasi-optimal) solution is carried out using the genetic algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm. As a result of numerical calculations, for the criterion functions used, a set of quasi-optimal solutions is obtained in the form of the so- called Pareto front. This applies to the selection of possible decision variants, such a strategy for controlling the operation process, for which the functions constituting the evaluation criteria achieve values belonging to the Pareto-optimal solutions set.
Diagnostics of Sulfur Cement Properties
Authors: Żółtowski Mariusz , Jeleniewicz Katarzyna
Published: November 2019

In the presented research work the subject of investigation is the construction material under the name sulfur concrete (abbreviated as sulfur concrete). The paper presents a basic description of the material which is sulfur concrete, its composition and construction, the method of production and basic mechanical properties.
Enhanced formulae for determining the axial behavior of cylindrical extension springs
Authors: Paredes Manuel , Stephan Thomas , Orcière Hervé
Published: November 2019

Cylindrical extension springs have been commonly exploited in mechanical systems for years and their behavior could be considered as well identified. Nevertheless, it appears that the influence of the loops on the global stiffness is not yet taken into account properly. Moreover, it would be of key interest to analyze how initial tension in extension springs influences the beginning of the load-length curve. The paper investigates these topics using analytical, simulation and experimental approaches in order to help engineers design extension springs with greater accuracy. As a result, the stiffness of the loops has been analytically defined. It enables to calculate the global stiffness of extension springs with more accuracy and it is now possible to determine the effective beginning of the linear load-length relation of extension springs and thus to enlarge the operating range commonly defined by standards. Moreover, until now manufacturers had to define by a try and error process the axial pitch of the body of extension springs in order to obtain the required initial tension. Our study enables for the first time to calculate quickly this key parameter saving time on the manufacturing process of extension springs.
L’intelligence artificielle et Invisalign : mythes et réalités
Authors: Chazalon Jean-François
Published: November 2019

L’intelligence artificielle ou IA est omniprésente.

Nous la retrouvons à chaque moment de notre vie quand nous utilisons Google, Facebook ou même quand nous faisons une réservation. Et cela même sans que nous en soyons conscient.

Notre pratique orthodontique n’y fait pas exception et plus particulièrement avec Invisalign, une des premières sociétés orthodontiques ayant utilisé le numérique.

Dans cet article, nous ferons la part de l’IA dans les différents produits et logiciels développés par Invisalign.
RGDP et droit à l’oubli
Authors: Delprat Laurent , Lebrat Ludovic
Published: November 2019

Dans une période où la e-réputation et les référencements sur la toile prennent une ampleur exponentielle, la loi CNIL du 20 juin 2018 issue du Règlement général sur la protection des données du 24 mai 2016 amènent enfin une protection notamment des professionnels à posteriori en octroyant un droit à la protection des données personnelles sur internet via l’instauration d’un droit à l’oubli numérique, lequel s’entend d’un droit à l’effacement et d’un droit au déréférencement. Le droit à l’effacement permet de demander à un organisme l’effacement de données à caractère personnel vous concernant, et ainsi de supprimer vos données en ligne. Le droit au déréférencement vous permet de demander à un moteur de recherche de supprimer certains résultats de recherche associés à vos noms et prénoms, sans pour autant effacer l’information sur le site internet source.
Entwicklung eines kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs Nuklearmedizin für das Studium der Humanmedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Marienhagen Jörg , Brenner Winfried , Buck Andreas , Franzius Christiane , Freudenberg Lutz S. , Gotthardt Martin , Lindner Oliver , Mottaghy Felix M. , Hellwig Dirk
Published: November 2019

Umsetzung der Vorgaben des Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs Medizin (NKLM, 2015) für ein Curriculum Nuklearmedizin im Auftrag des Ausschusses Fort- und Weiterbildung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin (DGN).

Methoden 100 Lernziele (LZ) in 7 Domänen wurden in einem Delphi-Verfahren unter Einbeziehung aller habilitierten Mitglieder der DGN als Experten durch einen Fragebogen einer Priorisierung in 3 Kategorien (A, B und C) unterzogen. Kategorie A definierte für die jeden Arzt unerlässlichen LZ. Die Priorisierung erfolgte durch Rangbildung nach dem Anteil der A-Klassifikationen. Eine LZ-Liste mit den Rangplätzen 1 – 5 in jeder Domäne wurde in der 2. Stufe des Delphi-Verfahrens den Experten der ersten Runde als Kern-Curriculum mit der Frage nach Akzeptanz bzw. Modifikationen vorgelegt.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse der 1. Stufe des Delphi-Verfahrens zeigte einen Rücklauf der Fragebögen von 29 % (55 von 184). Die 2. Runde erbrachte einen Rücklauf von 30,9 % (57 von 184) und eine uneingeschränkte Akzeptanz der vorgeschlagenen LZ in allen LZ-Domänen bei im Median 72 % der befragten Experten (61 %–81 %). Die vorliegende Endfassung enthält 37 kompetenzbasierte LZ in den LZ-Domänen „Gesetzliche Grundlagen und Strahlenschutz“, „naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen“, Indikationen und Kontraindikationen zu „PET/CT“, „Szintigraphie und SPECT“, „Patientenvorbereitung“, „Befundanalyse und -interpretation“ sowie „Therapie“.

Ausblick Der kompetenzbasierte LZ-Katalog Nuklearmedizin beschreibt die Kenntnisse und Kompetenzen, über die jeder Arzt am Ende seines Studiums verfügen sollte. Der LZ-Katalog ist ein lebendes Dokument, das fortlaufend an den Fortschritt der medizinischen und technologischen Entwicklung angepasst werden muss.
The Effects of a Fixed Combination of Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum on Dyslipidaemia – A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Tóth Barbara , Németh Dávid , Soós Alexandra , Hegyi Péter , Pham-Dobor Gréta , Varga Orsolya , Varga Viktória , Kiss Tivadar , Sarlós Patrícia , Erőss Bálint , Csupor Dezső
Published: November 2019

A fixed combination of Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum (Berberol) has been used by patients with dyslipidaemia. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of B. aristata and S. marianum (Berberol) on serum lipid levels compared to placebo in a meta-analysis based on randomised, controlled trials. The meta-analysis was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, using the PICO (patients, intervention, comparison, outcome) format, and it was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies. Placebo-controlled clinical studies involving adult patients with a condition of dyslipidaemia and receiving a fixed combination of B. aristata and S. marianum were included. Four randomised trials, including a total of 491 patients, were pooled in statistical analysis. According to the present meta-analysis, Berberol significantly lowered the low-density lipoprotein level, total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose levels, and the Homeostatic Model Assessment index compared to placebo; however, its effects on the high-density lipoprotein level, triglyceride level, and body mass index were not statistically significant by the end of a 3-month treatment period. Berberol appeared to be safe, and it did not increase the levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and creatine kinase enzymes. Berberol is an effective and presumably safe complementary therapy for the treatment of dyslipidaemia; however, the evidence supporting its use is very limited. The optimum dose and duration of treatment are unclear. A comprehensive evaluation of efficacy and safety is required in further high-quality clinical studies involving larger patient populations.
Unexpected Aldehyde-Catalyzed Reaction of Imidazole N-Oxides with Ethyl Cyanoacetate
Authors: Kutasevich Anton V. , Efimova Anna S. , Sizonenko Marina N. , Perevalov Valery P. , Kuz’mina Ludmila G. , Mityanov Vitaly S.
Published: November 2019

The reaction of 2-unsubstituted imidazole N-oxides with ethyl cyanoacetate and aromatic aldehydes leads to the formation of ethyl 2-cyano-2-(1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-ylidene)acetates. The reaction proceeds through an initial [3+2] cycloaddition, followed by cleavage of the cycloadduct and regeneration of the aldehyde, which essentially plays a catalytic role.
The Role of External Fixation in Trauma and Reconstruction of the Mandible in the Age of Rigid Fixation
Authors: Kazi Aasif A. , Lee Thomas S. , Vincent Aurora , Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Sheen Derek , Ducic Yadranko
Published: November 2019

Internal rigid fixation is the gold-standard treatment for facial fractures, but there are some specific cases that are more amenable to external fixation (ex-fix) application. Herein, we discuss advantages and disadvantages to ex-fix in the modern treatment of comminuted mandible fractures, infected mandible fractures, fractures of the condylar region, oncologic mandibular resection, pediatric mandible fractures, and fractures in the edentulous patient.
Fractures of the Mandibular Condyle
Authors: Vincent Aurora G. , Ducic Yadranko , Kellman Robert
Published: November 2019

There exists no consensus “gold standard” treatment for condylar fractures, and there is continued debate on whether condylar fractures should undergo surgical or conservative management. Herein, we review various techniques of conservative, closed, and open surgical treatments of condylar fractures. Also, we review complications associated with each treatment modality and compare and contrast closed and open management. Standardization of fracture classification schemes and treatment modalities is needed to elucidate the best course of action for each patient and each fracture.
Management of Frontal Sinus Fractures
Authors: Vincent Aurora , Wang Weitao , Shokri Tom , Gordon Eli , Inman Jared C. , Ducic Yadranko
Published: November 2019

Fractures of the frontal sinus occur from extreme forces and are often associated with other injuries. Management of frontal sinus fractures is variable and dependent on involvement of the anterior table, posterior table, and frontal outflow tract. Severe complications can developed from poorly managed fractures, such as meningitis, mucocele, mucopyocele, and brain abscess. Surgeons should be aware of appropriate management and surgical techniques for addressing frontal sinus fractures. Herein, we review the presentation and management of frontal sinus fractures, including conservative, endoscopic, and open surgical techniques.
Management of Facial Scars
Authors: Vincent Aurora G. , Kadakia Sangati , Barker Jerry , Mourad Moustafa , Saman Masoud , Ducic Yadranko
Published: November 2019

Scarring is a natural process of healing after damage to the skin that extends to the reticular dermis. While some scars may be socially acceptable, even admirable, scars of the face can be viewed as disfiguring or ugly. Minimizing the appearance of facial scars and optimizing their cosmetic outcome ideally begin before surgery or, in the cause of trauma, at the initial reconstruction. Even when there has been poor initial healing, a scar's appearance can be improved. Herein, we review conservative, medical, and surgical therapies to improve the appearance of facial scars.
2.1.4 Rhodium/Organocatalyst Dual Catalysis
Authors: Cruz F. A. , Dong V. M.
Published: November 2019

This chapter reviews the combined use of rhodium and organocatalysis. The combination of two catalysts enables new reactivity and selectivity.
2.6 Dual Catalysis with Two or More Biocatalysts
Authors: Parmeggiani F. , Galman J. L. , Montgomery S. L. , Turner N. J.
Published: November 2019

The remarkable activity, selectivity, and stability of many commercially available or easily prepared biocatalysts, along with their simple operative conditions and the intrinsic “greenness” of biocatalytic processes, have all contributed to a rapidly accelerating expansion of the research area dedicated to the design and development of one-pot multistep synthetic approaches involving two or more enzymes and/or microbial cells. A brief survey of the literature is presented, focusing mainly on efficient protocols that are generally applicable to a broad range of substrates and relevant to the synthesis of small, often chiral, organic molecules as synthons for the pharmaceutical and fine-chemical industries.
Single-frequency, linearly polarised fibre laser with spectrally asymmetric fibre Bragg grating mirrors
Authors: Belovolov M.I. , Paramonov V.M. , Medvedkov O.I. , Belovolov M.M.
Published: November 2019

A new design of a single-frequency fibre laser at a wavelength of 1.55 μm with linearly polarised output radiation is developed and investigated, in which a uniform Bragg grating written in an SMF-28 fibre is used as one mirror and the other mirror is a grating written in a Panda fibre with a small overlap of reflection spectral bands of mirrors and the possibility of fine tuning of the lasing spectral line. The length of the active part of the laser cavity formed by a fibre doped with the low-concentration Er3+ erbium ions is 10 cm. At a pump power of 60 mW and a wavelength of 1.48 μm, the lasing power reaches 100 μW and the width of the spectral line is less than 100 kHz.
Tunable single-frequency source based on a DFB laser array for the spectral region of 1.55 μm
Authors: Dudelev V.V. , Mikhailov D.A. , Andreev A.D. , Kognovitskaya E.A. , Lyutetskiy A.V. , Slipchenko S.O. , Pikhtin N.A. , Gladyshev A.G. , Denisov D.V. , Voropaev K.O. , Ionov A.S. , Babichev A.V. , Novikov I.I. , Karachinskii L.Ya. , Kuchinskii V.I. , Egorov A.Yu. , Sokolovskii G.S.
Published: November 2019

A technology of arrays of distributed-feedback semiconductor lasers for the spectral region of 1.55 μm and their characteristics are presented. Stable single-frequency lasing with a side mode suppression ratio higher than 25 dB is demonstrated. The possibility of continuous wavelength tuning in a range of up to 7 nm is shown.
Free-electron Auger quenching of the Fe2+ excited state in ZnSe
Authors: Il’ichev N.N. , Bufetova G.A. , Gulyamova E.S. , Pashinin P.P. , Sidorin A.V. , Tumorin V.V. , Kalinushkin V.P. , Gavrishchuk E.M. , Savin D.V. , Rodin S.A. , Ikonnikov V.B.
Published: November 2019

The influence of free electrons in Fe2+: ZnSe crystals on the nonlinear transmission of high-power laser radiation with a wavelength of 2940 nm at room and low temperatures is experimentally found. Fe2+ : ZnSe samples additionally doped with Al are used. The transmission of an Al : Fe : ZnSe sample with electron conduction in a strong (peak intensity about 4.6 MW cm−2) field is almost the same as in a weak field both at low and room temperatures. The absence of an increase in the transmission of this sample under the action of high-power radiation is explained by increasing absorption saturation intensity of Fe2+ at this wavelength due a decrease in the lifetime of the excited state of Fe2+. The decrease in the lifetime is related to the well-known Auger quenching of impurity luminescence in semiconductors by free electrons.
Energy characteristics of a supersonic continuous-wave chemical HF laser using hydrazine decomposition products
Authors: Fedorov I.A.
Published: November 2019

We report the results of calculations and experimental studies of specific energy characteristics of a supersonic cw chemical HF laser with a flat nozzle block corresponding to the nozzle – nozzle reagent mixing scheme, in which catalytic decomposition products of hydrazine N2H4 (H2 + N2 + NH3) are used as a secondary fuel. As a result of experiments with cold (300 K) model mixtures, the specific energy extraction of the laser is found to decrease in this case by 43 % compared with the laser utilising pure hydrogen. The calculations show that the main reason for a decrease in the specific energy of the laser is an increase in the temperature in the mixing zone of the oxidising gas and secondary fuel jets. A strong effect of ammonia is revealed. Taking into account the actual heating of the products (up to 1000 K) during the catalytic decomposition of N2H4 allows the level of specific energy extraction from the laser to approach that of energy extraction from the laser operated on pure hydrogen by 13 %, which will lead to a decrease in the specific energy extraction by only 30 % in the absence of NH3 decomposition products.
Optical fibres and fibre tapers with an array of Bragg gratings
Authors: Popov S.M. , Butov O.V. , Kolosovskii A.O. , Voloshin V.V. , Vorob’ev I.L. , Isaev V.A. , Vyatkin M.Yu. , Fotiadi A.A. , Chamorovsky Yu.K.
Published: November 2019

The properties of optical fibres with an array of fibre Bragg gratings written directly during the fibre drawing are considered. Such optical fibres offer new possibilities for producing new types of active and passive fibre elements due to the enhanced back-reflected signal of the so-called artificial Rayleigh scattering, and are of interest for modelling physical phenomena associated with the statistics of reflecting centres in optical fibres, such as, e.g., localisation of photons. We studied fibres with an array of Bragg gratings written in photosensitive fibres, ordinary single-mode optical fibre of the SMF-28 type and in fibre with a core doped with erbium ions. To control the spectrum width of the reflected signal, we used chirped phase masks, as well as writing arrays of gratings in tapered optical fibres.
Patients’ views of general practitioners’ provision of medicine information leaflets
Authors: Young Amber , Tordoff June , Moore Sebastian , Smith Alesha
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTIONGiving patients medicine information leaflets with oral information could help improve patient understanding about their medicines. Some health professionals believe patients do not want to receive leaflets or find them too difficult to understand so do not provide them.
AIMTo investigate Dunedin general practitioners’ (GPs) provision of medicine information leaflets from patients’ reports and to examine patient views about the leaflets provided.
METHODSPatients collecting prescriptions from community pharmacies in Dunedin, New Zealand, between December 2016 and February 2017 were asked to complete a survey. Responses were entered into SurveyMonkey and data were exported into Excel for analysis.
RESULTSOf the 151 survey respondents, over three-quarters (79%) did not receive a medicine information leaflet from their GP in the last 6 months, although most believed it important to receive one. Many participants felt that leaflets improved their knowledge and helped them take their medication correctly. Most participants liked the leaflets they received, although over half (60%) would like a short summary leaflet. Patients did not commonly search for more information than their GP provided.
DISCUSSIONSome patients may not seek further information about their medicines other than during consultation. Although rarely given, most participants who received leaflets from their GP appreciated them. Most participants read and understood leaflets they were provided, although ready access to a one- to two-page summary leaflet may be preferable. Technology could enable GPs to easily provide leaflets to patients in their care.
A neuro-inflammatory model can explain the onset, symptoms and flare-ups of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Mackay Angus
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A neuro-inflammatory model is proposed to explain the onset, symptoms and perpetuation of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) via characteristic flare-ups (relapses). In this article, I explore the proposition that a range of triggers (intense physiological stressors such as severe viral infections, chemical toxin exposure or emotional trauma) in ME/CFS-predisposed people causes disruption in the neural circuitry of the hypothalamus (paraventricular nucleus), which induces a neuro-inflammatory reaction in the brain and central nervous system of ME/CFS patients, via over-active innate immune (glial) cells. Resulting dysfunction of the limbic system, the hypothalamus and consequently of the autonomic nervous system can then account for the diverse range of ME/CFS symptoms. Ongoing stressors feed into a compromised (inflamed) hypothalamus and if a certain (but variable) threshold is exceeded, a flare-up will ensue, inducing further ongoing neuro-inflammation in the central nervous system, thus perpetuating the disease indefinitely.
Ocean acidification as a multiple driver: how interactions between changing seawater carbonate parameters affect marine life
Authors: Hurd Catriona L. , Beardall John , Comeau Steeve , Cornwall Christopher E. , Havenhand Jonathan N , Munday Philip L. , Parker Laura M. , Raven John A. , McGraw Christina M.
Published: November 2019

‘Multiple drivers’ (also termed ‘multiple stressors’) is the term used to describe the cumulative effects of multiple environmental factors on organisms or ecosystems. Here, we consider ocean acidification as a multiple driver because many inorganic carbon parameters are changing simultaneously, including total dissolved inorganic carbon, CO2, HCO3–, CO32–, H+ and CaCO3 saturation state. With the rapid expansion of ocean acidification research has come a greater understanding of the complexity and intricacies of how these simultaneous changes to the seawater carbonate system are affecting marine life. We start by clarifying key terms used by chemists and biologists to describe the changing seawater inorganic carbon system. Then, using key groups of non-calcifying (fish, seaweeds, diatoms) and calcifying (coralline algae, coccolithophores, corals, molluscs) organisms, we consider how various physiological processes are affected by different components of the carbonate system.
Combining fiber Brillouin amplification with a repeater laser station for fiber-based optical frequency dissemination over 1400 km
Authors: Koke Sebastian , Kuhl Alexander , Waterholter Thomas , Raupach Sebastian M F , Lopez Olivier , Cantin Etienne , Quintin Nicolas , Amy-Klein Anne , Pottie Paul-Eric , Grosche Gesine
Published: November 2019

We investigate optical frequency dissemination over a 1400 km long fiber link in looped configuration over a pair of underground fibers between Braunschweig and Strasbourg. This fiber link is the first to combine fiber Brillouin amplifiers with a repeater laser station. Phase-coherent operation over more than five days is demonstrated. We analyze the repeatability of the performance over four campaigns and present results of 65 d in total. The weighted mean of the fractional frequency offset of the transferred optical frequency over the complete data set is (−1.1 ± 0.4)×10–20. By analyzing the stabilization signals of the two individual fibers, the correlation of the phase noise on the two fibers is shown to be >98%.
A model of predator-prey differential equation with time delay
Authors: ‘Arifah H , Krisnawan K P
Published: November 2019

This paper purposes are forming a predator-prey model with delay, examining the stability of the fixed points, and observing the presence of bifurction of the fixed point. The predator-prey models formed by using a type II-Holling function and a logistic equation. Holling function is a function that shows the predation level of a predator against its prey. This level of predation depends on how the predator searches, captures, and finally processes the food. The stability of fixed points of the predator-prey model with this delay observed through its model linearity. And the bifurcation is indicated by the sign changing of eigen values over the change of parameter value and from the decrease of the number of fixed points. The results show that at a certain value of parameter the 3 fixed points decreased to only 2 fixed points. At this certain parameter value, the first fixed point is saddle and the second one is degenerate. The system indicating undergoes a transcritical bifurcation.
Hopf bifurcation of actuated micro-beam nonlinear vibrations in micro electro mechanical systems
Authors: Krisnawan K P
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the effects of micro-beam stiffness changes to the dynamic of nonlinear vibrations are investigated. Nonlinear vibrations equation of an actuated micro-beam is derived based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Galerkin method is adopted to simplify the nonlinear equation of the motion. The simpler equation transformed into a dynamical system and its eigen values are analysed. To show the dynamic of the system, the bifurcation and phase plane diagrams are drawn. The numerical result showed that the change of micro-beam stiffness exhibits a Hopf bifurcation.
How to design open-ended questions? : Literature review
Authors: Agustianingsih R , Mahmudi A
Published: November 2019

There are two types of questions that teachers can use in the learning process, that is closed-ended and open-ended questions, but only open-ended questions that can stimulate the students to develop their higher-order thinking skills. Although this type of question has an important function for students, it turns out the questions contained in the textbook are still in the form of closed-ended questions and to design open-ended questions takes a lot of time and effort. Therefore, a literature study is needed to find simple strategies that can be used to design open-ended questions. Based on the findings, there are 5 strategies that can be used to design open-ended question, namely modifying closed-ended questions, working backward, design the questions to determine “who is correct?”, using the problem-posing principle and design the questions to determine “what’s wrong with this?”. The results of this literature review also found that open-ended questions can also be used to identify students’ conceptual understanding, reasoning and misconception.
Scientific Learning and Its Contributions to Increase the Student’s Self Confidence and Learning Outcomes
Authors: Noer S H , Gunowibowo P
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine the contribution of scientific learning in terms of Problem Based Learning (PBL), Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), and Guide Discovery Learning (GDL) to student’s self-confidence and learning outcomes (critical thinking ability and mathematical representation). The population in this research is students of eight-class from State Junior High School in Bandar Lampung City which is distributed in 31 schools. The samples of the study were students from three selected schools representing high-rank schools, middle-rank schools and low-rank schools. The sample was chosen by purposive random sampling technique. The research design is Pre-test Post-test Control Group Design. The results showed that (1) student’s self-confidence in CTL and student’s self-confidence in PBL were higher than student’s self-confidence in conventional learning, (2) student’s self-confidence in GDL did not differ from student’s self-confidence in conventional learning; (3) student’s mathematical critical thinking skills in CTL and student’s mathematical critical thinking skills in PBL are higher than student’s mathematical critical thinking skills in conventional learning; (4) student’s mathematical representation in GDL is higher than student’s mathematical representation in conventional learning. Related to the completeness of the student’s learning outcomes, it is known that: (1) the percentage of students who have critical thinking skills are good-categorized in the CTL class and in the PBL class is more than 60% of the total number of students; (2) the percentage of students who have mathematical representation are good-categorized in the GDL class is not more than 60% of the total number of students. Thus it can be concluded that in general, scientific learning contributes to the development of self-confidence and student’s learning outcomes.
Analysis of Sixth Graders’ Difficulties in Solving Mathematics Word Problems on Whole Numbers, Fractions, and Decimals
Authors: Kusuma U I , Retnawati H
Published: November 2019

Operation which involve whole numbers, fractions, and decimals are important concepts that must be possessed by students. It is a part of mathematics that is very close to everyday life. In fact, many students who have difficulty in understanding the fractions, especially in the word problems. This study aims to describe sixth graders’ difficulties in solving mathematics word problems on the operation which involve whole numbers, fractions, and decimals. This research is descriptive with students of grade six as the subjects. Data were collected by tests and in-depth interviews. Tests were used to analyze students difficulties in solving mathematics word problems on the operation which involve whole numbers, fractions, and decimals. Interviews were conducted to know the difficulties experienced by the students in depth. The unstructured interviews were conducted with students’ error. The results showed that students’ difficulties in solving mathematics word problems on the operation which involve whole numbers, fractions, and decimals are caused by: 1) Students’ difficulties in the word problem, 2) Students’ difficulties in understanding the concept of fractional operations, 3) Students have less numeracy skills, and 4) Inaccuracy.
Learning how to reason in geometry supported by video in YouTube
Authors: Asmaranti W , Retnowati E
Published: November 2019

YouTube is very populer. Indeed, there are learning resources in the form of videos that can be found in YouTube. The purpose of this study is to describe whether these videos are useful for students. In this research, two students were given three new geometry problems to solve. The first student always watches Korean movies in YouTube, and the second one rarely watches such video in YouTube. They were asked to search relevant information in YouTube while trying to solve the geometry problems. Specifically, their reasoning ability is assessed including how they pose arguments, visualise a context, identify concepts, and conclude the solution. The results showed that after learning to use videos in YouTube, the reasoning abilities of the first student improved. Whereas the second student had difficulty using the searching bar in YouTube finding keywords so that the second student does not solve the given problem. It is concluded that learning using videos in YouTube is very helpful, but it is important to have sufficient knowledge on how videos in YouTube are searched and used.
GARCH(1,1) model with the Yeo–Johnson transformed returns
Authors: Nugroho D B
Published: November 2019

One of the most popular class in modeling financial volatility is GARCH-type model. Several extensions to the basic GARCH model have been developed to be more flexible in capturing various characteristics of financial time series data. In this study, a new class of GARCH models is proposed by applying Yeo–Johnson transformation to the return series. The proposed model is estimated by employing adaptive random walk Metropolis (ARWM) method in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) scheme. Our empirical results on the GARCH(1,1) models showed that the proposed model outperformed the initial model in fitting ten different international stock indices.
MCMC Algorithm for Bayesian Heterogeneous Coefficients of Panel Data Model
Authors: Jaya I G N M , Tantular B , Zulhanif  , Ruchjana B N
Published: November 2019

Panel data models have been applied widely in many subject areas related to economic, social, and epidemiology. In some cases (e.g. epidemiology studies), the phenomena encountered have a complex relationship structured. The risk factors such as house index, healthy behaviour index, rainfall and the other risk factors of particular infectiouse disease may have different effect on the outcome due to the heterogeneity of crossection units. The effect of the covariates on outcome could vary over individual and time units. This condition is called as a non-stationary or instability relationship problem. This problem leads to bias and inefficient of the estimators. It is important to examine the heterogeneous coefficients model for avoiding inefficient estimator. We present in detail a statistical estimation procedure of the heterogeneous coefficients for fixed effect panel data model by means of the hierarchical Bayesian estimation approach. The challenges of the Bayesian approaches are finding the joint posterior distribution and developing the algorithm for estimating the parameters of interest. We find that the joint posterior distribution of the heterogeneous coefficients fixed effect panel data model does not follow any standard known distribution form. Consequently, the analytical solution cannot be applied and simulation approach of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) was used. We present the MCMC procedure covering the derivation of the full conditional distribution of the parameters model and present step-by-step the Gibbs sampling algorithm. The idea of this preliminary research can be applied in various fields to overcome the non-stationarity problem.
Path analysis for determining health factors in Indonesia
Authors: Nurmawati W P , Kismiantini
Published: November 2019

Health status of a population plays an important role in developing a country. A better health can promote economic growth and foster development of the country. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships among age, sex, weight, height, smoking behavior, and blood pressure on health status of adults in Indonesia. The path analysis was constructed using the secondary data of the fifth wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey in 2014/2015. This survey was a large national survey with representing about 83% of the Indonesian population. The sample comprised 24,263 adults aged older than 17 years. The hypothesized model suggested that age, sex, weight, height, and smoking behavior had an effect on blood pressure and that all variables influenced health status. All path coefficients were statistically significant. The age, gender, and weight variables had positive relationships with blood pressure while in the opposite direction to the height and smoking behavior. The blood pressure, age, and smoking behavior had negative relationships with health status while in the opposite direction to the sex, weight, and height. Short male respondents who ever smoked and had high blood pressure were reported to have poor health status as age increased and weight decreased.
Fundamental homomorphism theorems of fuzzy subsemigroups
Authors: Karyati Karyati
Published: November 2019

The aim of this paper is to define and prove the properties of the homomorphism of fuzzy subsemigroup. This is the revised of the previous research has been done by the author. In this research we use different method to prove the fundamental theorem, i.e. using the properties of the alpha cut of the fuzzy subsemigroup. We got the result, based on the properties of alpha cut of a fuzzy subsemigroup, it is obtained a property that a semigroup is a fuzzy subsemigroup if and only if the alpha cut of the subsemigroup fuzzy is a semigroup. We also can prove that the fundamental homomorphism theorem of semigroup is valid for the fundamental homomorphism theorem of fuzzy subsemigroup.
Classification of provinces in Indonesia based on 2014 presidential election participation levels using fuzzy c-means
Authors: Yuswatun A , Abadi A M
Published: November 2019

The presidential and vice presidential elections held every five years is a benchmark for democracy in Indonesia. However, the expected level of participation cannot be achieved. Election socialization as an effort to increase the level of participation in each province is different because the level of participation in each province is also varied. Therefore, there is a need of regional grouping based on the level of electoral participation in order to facilitate the electoral socialization process. This study uses fuzzy c-means with two attributes, namely the number of voters and the number of voting rights users. All provinces in Indonesia are classified into two clusters. If the provincial participation rate is below the national participation standard (69.58%) then the province is considered to have a low participation rate and vice versa. Therefore, the first cluster constitutes provinces with high electoral participation rate and the second cluster constitutes provinces with low electoral participation rate. The results of the classification are 9 provinces in first cluster and 24 provinces in the second cluster.
Dynamics of a mathematical model of cancer cells with chemotherapy
Authors: Lestari D , Sari E R , Arifah H
Published: November 2019

As commonly known, cancer is one of the fatal diseases to which considerable attention needs to be paid. The purpose of the research concerned here was to form a mathematical model of the spread of cancer with chemotherapy and to know the dynamics of its solution. As for the stages in achieving the purpose, they were forming a mathematical model, determining the point of equilibrium, determining the basic reproduction number, analyzing the stability around the equilibrium point, and conducting numerical simulation with the parameters given. The pattern of how cancer cells spread could be modeled in the form of a mathematical equation according to the system of differential equation. From the system formed, an equilibrium solution and an analysis of the behavioral dynamics of the cell spread with treatment in the form of chemotherapy were attained. Simulation with graphs indicates that the growth rate of cancer cells influences the population of the said cells. The greater the growth rate of cancer cells, the greater the population of those cells. Besides, it is also obtained that the increasing dosage of the drug given with the limits allowed, the lower of those cancer cells.
Mathematical resilience: Is that affecting the students’ mathematics achievement?
Authors: Rokhmah K N , Retnawati H , Solekhah P
Published: November 2019

Mathematical resilience is an attitude that necessary for the student to respond positively in the face of difficulties in study mathematics. The difficulties in study mathematics may influence the students’ mathematics achievement. The purpose of this research is to describe the relation between students’ mathematical resilience and students’ mathematics achievement. This research involves quantitative descriptive study. The researcher collected data with two types of instruments, test and non-test instruments. The instruments are mathematics achievement test and mathematical resilience questioner. The participants of this study consisted of 28 students from a health vocational high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results indicate that there is no relation between mathematical resilience and student’s mathematics achievement. More findings and suggestions will be explained in the text.