bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity of hexane and methanol fractions of some selected plants against Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Andriani Yosie , Hanifah Wahdini , Kholieqoh Alifa Husnun , Abdul Majid Fadzilah Adibah , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Amir Hermansyah , Muhammad Tengku Sifzizul Tengku
Published: August 2023

Besides adenovirus, pneumonia can also be caused by bacteria. One of the most common bacteria causing the pneumonia is Klebsiella
pneumoniae. Currently, treatment by antibiotics has been widely used. Nevertheless, the increasing failure of existing antibiotics because of antibiotic resistance resulted by bacterial pathogens has become a serious problem to human health. Hence, there is a need for a new antibacterial potential agent against K. pneumoniae as an alternative treatment to the pneumonia to prevent the risk of a severe pneumonia for both healthy people and those already infected with the pneumonia. This study, therefore, investigated the antibacterial activity of some selected plants (Pandanus
tectorius, Nypa
fruticans, Sonneratia
alba, Phaleria
macrocarpa, Hibiscus
tiliaceus, and Pongamia
pinnata) against K. pneumoniae. In this study, samples were extracted successively by cold maceration using hexane and methanol. Antibacterial activity was determined by well and disc diffusion methods. Each fraction was prepared by two-fold dilutions from 20 mg/mL to 0.156 mg/mL. All data were analyzed in triplicate replication and presented as mean values ± standard deviation. Results showed that all methanol fractions of selected plants had antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, and well-diffusion method showed better antibacterial results compared to the agar well-diffusion method. The strongest activity was obtained by methanol fraction of S. alba leaf, followed by P. pinnata leaf, Nypa fruticans bark, H. tiliaceus leaf, P. macrocarpa leaf, and P. tectorius leaf with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) value between 0.625 and 5.0 mg/mL. Phytochemical screening revealed that all methanol fractions were rich in flavonoid content, which could have contributed to their antibacterial activity.
Roles of interleukins (interleukin-18 and interleukin-17a) and transforming growth factor-beta markers in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney diseases
Authors: Mezher Maysam Adnan , Al-Radeef Mohanad Yasir , Salih Khalid Saud
Published: August 2023

In diabetes, microvascular damage often targets the kidney, making them the most crucial organ affected. Due to the disease itself or other accompanying health issues such as hypertension and nephron loss due to aging, a significant number of patients end up with kidney disease. The current research aimed to analyze the concentration of cytokines in the serum (Interleukin [IL]-18, IL-17a and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in Iraqi adult patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The current investigation was carried out in Tikrit Teaching Hospital/Salahaddin governorate for the time from October 2022 to January 2023. Sixty blood specimens were obtained from patients with DKD. Serum levels of IL-18, IL-17a, and TGF-β markers in the samples were subjected to measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results of the present study showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among different age categories of clinical populations with 51–60 and >60 years scoring highest (28% and 33%), whereas 21–30 and 31–40 years scored (8.3% and 13.3%). The concentration of IL-18, IL-17a, and TGF-β markers was high in patients (200.30 ± 59.50, 102.13 ± 50.82, and 57.15 ± 18.90) than in healthy individuals (104.50 ± 31.01, 42.90 ± 10.55, and 31.90 ± 8.83). Based on the Pearson’s correlation results, IL-17a had a significant negative correlation with TGF-β (r = −0.270* Sig. =0.037). Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curve showed the IL-18, IL-17a, and TGF-β markers scored the highest sensitivity (98%, 96%, and 87%) and specificity (94%, 97%, and 80%), respectively, in screening patients with DKD. Based on the analysis, it could be inferred that disease intensity generally tends to worsen with an increase in age. IL-18, IL-17a, and TGF-β are good prognostic markers in screening patients with DKD. These cytokines present a promising target for therapeutic interventions in DKD therapy.
Amlodipine downregulates gene expression that involved in the signaling pathways of coagulation process in COVID-19 patients: An observational clinical study
Authors: Abbood Zainab A. , Ajeel Zainab H. , Joudah Marwah S. , Al-Nimer Marwan Salih M. , Al-Shammari Ahmed Hamza
Published: August 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has the property of activating the coagulation process, which is responsible for producing thrombotic events which is considered as one of the most serious COVID-19 complications. Hypertension is a hazard factor for COVID-19 complications, and people who are treated with calcium entry blockers may halt the occurrence of thrombotic events. to evaluate the effect of amlodipine on some genes involved in the activation of the coagulation procedure in COVID-19 patients with hypertensive. observational, cross-sectional study. This study was carried out in the Department of Pharmacy at Al-Kut University College in Wasit, Iraq, in conjunction with Al Zahraa Hospital from June 2021 to March 2022. A total of 45 COVID-19 patients participated in this study who were grouped into as follows: Group I (n = 23) who had no previous history of hypertension and Group II (n = 22) who had previous hypertension and were treated with amlodipine. Expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), coagulation factor V (F5), and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1 Like (MTHFD1L) genes was determined. P values were calculated by Chi-square test for categorized facts and the Mann–Whitney test for incessant data. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Group II patients had significantly lower levels of CaSR, F5, and MTHFD1L gene expression compared with the corresponding levels in Group I patients. The expression level of MTHFD1L was elevated significantly in patients who had currently high blood pressure compared with normotensive patients in both the groups. Amlodipine is preferred in hypertensive patients who have COVID-19 because it attenuates the levels of gene expression that have an impact on the coagulation process.
Hesperetin effect on MLH1 and MSH2 expression on breast cancer cells BT-549
Authors: Hasan Assim Khattab , Babaei Esmaeil , Al-Khafaji Ahmed Salim Kadhim
Published: August 2023

Due to its genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, breast cancer is very difficult to eliminate. The harmful consequences of conventional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy have prompted the search for organic-based alternatives. Hesperetin (HSP), a flavonoid, has been discovered to possess the ability to hinder the proliferation of cell associated with breast cancer by acting as an epigenetic agent and modifying gene expression. In this investigation, breast cancer cells (BT-549) and normal cells (MCF-10a) were subjected to the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test and three different doses (200, 400, and 600 μM/mL) of HSP for real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry to examine its cytotoxic and anti-malignant potential. HSP was shown to be cytotoxic to both normal and breast cancer cells, but had a more pronounced effect on the cancer cell lines. After 48 h of treatment, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for BT-549 was 279.2 μM/mL, whereas the IC50 for MCF-10a was 855.4 μM/mL. At high HSP concentrations, upregulation of the MLH1 and MSH2 genes was observed in both cell lines. The influence of HSP on MLH1 gene expression was concentration dependent. Moreover, HSP had a concentration-dependent effect on MSH2 gene expression in the BT-549 cell line but not in the MCF-10a cell line. Cell death and early apoptosis were shown to be concentration dependent upon the application of HSP, as determined by flow cytometric analysis. HSP’s capacity to cause apoptosis and its stronger impact on the malignant cell line when analyzed with the normal cell line imply that it might be useful as an effective therapeutic approach for combating breast cancer.
Development of a spectrophotometric analytical approach for the measurement of cefdinir in various pharmaceuticals
Authors: Mahmood Ali Khalil , Sallal Takleef Dheyab , Al-Janabi Khalid Waleed S. , Luaibi Hasan Mohammed
Published: August 2023

An accurate and sensitive determination procedure has been established for the quantification of cefdinir in pure and pharmacological formulas. The approach was dependent on derivatizing cefdinir with sodium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (SAS) in an alkaline medium to produce a magenta-colored derivative with a maximum absorbance at 517 nm against the reagent blank. Different factors affecting the interaction of cefdinir with SAS were studied carefully and optimized, such as the buffer value, medium acidity, the duration of hydrolysis, and the reagent percentage. Under optimized conditions, a linear calibration curve with a correlation coefficient of R
2 = 0.9995 was obtained over the concentration range of cefdinir 0.5–100 μg/mL. The values of the parameters that represented the sensitivity of the method were satisfactory, i.e., the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, as well as Sandell’s sensitivity (л) were 0.1 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, and 0.064 μg/cm2/0.001 Au, respectively. The relative standard deviation was below 1.35%, while the percentage recovery was 99.930%–102.257%. The mole ratio of the colored complex was estimated by following Job’s method of continuous variation, which indicated that the cefdinir-SAS ratio was 1:1. The suggested approach was proven to be adequately accurate, precise, and without interfering with common excipients and additives. Thus, it could be implemented successfully for the standard determination of cefdinir in its pure and pharmaceutical forms.
An educational intervention to improve health and nutrition literacy in hypertensive patients in Greece
Authors: Mourouti Niki , Michou Maria , Lionis Christos , Kalagia Panagiota , Ioannidis Angelos G. , Kaloidas Michalis , Costarelli Vassiliki
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Suboptimal control of blood pressure (BP) is a public health challenge in Greece. This educational intervention attempts to improve health literacy (HL) and nutrition literacy (NL) in primary healthcare (PHC) patients with hypertension (HTN).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a proof-of-concept (PoC) educational intervention. Twenty-four patients with HTN and low or medium levels of HL agreed to participate in this 6-week educational intervention. The program was delivered by a general practitioner (GP) in group A and by a qualified nurse in group B. Group C was the control group. The levels of HL of NL, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and perceived stress were assessed using the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire 16 (HLS_EU_Q16) and part B (reading a medication label) of the High Blood Pressure–Health Literacy Scale (HBP–HLS), the Nutrition Literacy Scale-Greek (NLS-Gr), the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), respectively, together with certain socioeconomic, dietary, and lifestyle characteristics. The Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon nonparametric, the Chi-square, and the McNemar–Bowker tests were used. The analysis was done with the STATA software, version 14 (MP & Associates, Sparta, Greece).

RESULTS:

No statistically significant differences were found in the total score of HL and NL before and after the intervention; however, the results indicate a slight improvement in HL and NL levels in the two intervention groups, together with small improvements in knowledge and behaviors related to HTN and dietary salt. A trend of improvement in the MEDAS levels in the GP's group and the HBP–HLS levels in the nurse's group was also reported.

CONCLUSION:

A slight improvement in HL and NL levels in the two intervention groups has been reported, and the changes, however, were not statistically significant.
Predictive factors of disordered eating among adolescents in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Ćorić Martina Krešić , Graovac Mirjana , Pravdić Nikolina , Raguž Ana Boban , Kaštelan Ana
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Due to excessive concerns and focus on weight control and body shape, adolescents often resort to inappropriate behaviours and attitudes towards eating, resulting in physical and psychological issues. This study aimed to assess possible relationships and predictor variables between disordered eating and age, BMI, body appreciation, self-esteem, quality of family interactions, psychosocial health and childhood trauma experience in adolescents of both sexes in the city of Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was carried out on a suitable sample of 724 high-school students aged 14-19 years. The following tools have been used: socio-demographic questionnaire, The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Quality of Family Interaction Scale (KOBI), and Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory, version 4.0 (PedsQLTM) and Childhood trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 20.0 software using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS:

Body appreciation is the most significant predictor for developing disordered eating across the entire sample of adolescents (β = -0.325, P < 0.05) and individually for male adolescents (β = -0.199, P = 0.010) and female adolescents (β = -0.379, P < 0.001). In addition to this variable, BMI has proved to be a statistically significant predictor in explaining the eating behaviours of female adolescents (β = 0.185, P < 0.001), while this happens to be self-esteem for male adolescents (β = -0.211, P < 0.022).

CONCLUSION:

The most significant risk factors for developing disordered eating in adolescents are body appreciation, BMI and self-esteem. Results of this research can contribute to enhancement of intervention programmes which promote a positive body image and aim to prevent disordered eating in adolescents of both sexes.
A national level survey on knowledge, attitude and practices among Indian nurses on viral hepatitis
Authors: George Mini , Sharma Tarika , Ahwal Sarita , Rastogi Aayushi , Bansal Akanksha
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Despite being preventable and treatable, viral hepatitis remains a major public health problem in India. In the line of their duties, nursing professionals are constantly at risk of infection. To combat viral hepatitis, it is essential to ascertain the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices among nursing professionals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A descriptive cross-section study was conducted at a tertiary public hospital, as a nation-wide online survey after ethical clearance and participants' consent. A convenience sampling, from November 2021 to September 2022, yielded a total of 4532 nurses, nursing students and educators. A self-administered 62-item questionnaire on viral hepatitis with four sections: demographic details, knowledge (33-items), attitude (5-items), and practice (24-itmes) was prepared by expert panel and had a content validity and reliability >0.8. The scale was compiled onto the SurveyMonkey app, field tested before administration and widely circulated on email.

RESULT:

The response rate of the survey was 77%. Frequency, percentage, and the odds ratio (at 95% confidence interval) were analyzed on SPSS v22.0. Majority were females (87.1%) aged <30 years (60%) with <5 years' experience (57.8%). Almost equal number worked in public or private sector and was holders of diploma (44.5%) or degree (43.8%). Overall poor knowledge (85.3%), unfavorable attitude (86.2%), and unsafe practices (55.6%) were exhibited by nurses; 42.2% encountered needle stick injury last year and 49.8% had never checked Anti-HBs titer. In the event of needle stick injury, 74.78% cleansed with soap and water; used antiseptics or washes (33.5%), placed finger in mouth (5.10%), forced wound bleed (17.3%), scrub wound (17.54%), or apply bandage (12.58%). Multivariate analysis of factors influencing knowledge of viral hepatitis was educational qualification, designation, and type of health facility.

CONCLUSION:

As nursing professionals are constantly at risk, there is an urgent need to raise awareness about hepatitis, the post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination status. Every healthcare facility should include training and capacity building for nurses about risk, prevention, transmission, and management of viral hepatitis, as an integral part of orientation and continuing education on-the-job; follow stringent policies; and set-up mechanisms for monitoring and follow up. Further, policymakers and statutory bodies need to ensure the standards of nursing practice and improve the health of nurses and their patients.
Effectiveness of McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome: An experimental study
Authors: Avaghade Rutuja R. , Shinde Sandeep B. , Dhane Sayalee B.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

This study “Effectiveness of Mckenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome: an experimental study” was conducted to study and find the effectiveness of Mckenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on reduction of pain, correction of rounded shoulder, and disability. Pain, disability, and rounded shoulders are the major limiting factors as it affects the quality of life and reduces efficiency and social participation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was conducted among 120 individuals with cervical postural syndrome, and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria was included. The outcome measures were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Vernier caliper to evaluate pain, functional disability, and rounded shoulder, respectively. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, by using SPSS software. Interventional training was given for 6 weeks to the patients. Group A subjects were given spinal stabilization exercises. Group B subjects were given Mckenzie approach. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS; pre-test and post-test were used to calculate the results, followed by data presentation and analysis.

RESULT:

The result showed that at the end of the 6 weeks on comparison between pre- and post-intervention of Group A and Group B, both the techniques were effective, but group B was significantly effective than Group A.

CONCLUSION:

It was noted that McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises were effective on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome, but on comparing both techniques, Mckenzie protocol is more beneficial than segmental spinal stabilization exercises. The study accepts the alternate hypothesis that there is significant effect of McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome.
Effect of life skills education on socio-emotional functioning of adolescents in urban Puducherry, India: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Surendran Gayathri , Sarkar Sonali , Kandasamy Preeti , Rehman Tanveer , Eliyas Salin , Sakthivel Manikandanesan
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

We wanted to assess the effect of life skills education (LSE) and regular curriculum on the self-esteem, self-efficacy, adjustment, and psychosocial functioning of students from co-educational government schools, compared to those receiving only the regular curriculum. The secondary objectives were to study the feasibility of such sessions and identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of the sessions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We conducted a mixed-methods study in government schools of urban Puducherry, India in 2018–2019. The quantitative component was a cluster-randomized trial with activity-based learning methods delivered over 10 sessions in the intervention arm (IA). Differences in outcome variables (self-esteem, self-efficacy, adjustment, psychosocial behavior) between baseline and after intervention in each of the groups were calculated, and the difference-in-differences (DID) technique was applied to account for any natural change in scores over time. Qualitative data were collected through focused group discussions (FGDs) among students and teachers. Analysis was founded on a positivist paradigm with inducto-deductive methodology.

RESULTS:

The mean (SD) age of 258 participants was 13 (1) years in both arms. The mean (SD) difference between baseline and end-line for IA and control arm (CA) was 0.3 (4.4) and − 0.1 (4.0), for self-esteem (P = 0.38), 0.03 (6.0) and − 1.1 (6.1) for self-efficacy (P = 0.12), and − 0.04 (3.5) and − 0.05 (4.3) for adjustment (P = 0.73), respectively. Similarly, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) difference in the conduct problems scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was − 1 (−2, 1) and 0 (−1, 1) (P < 0.01). Five FGDs revealed multiple positive effects on anger management, conduct, self-awareness, and responsible behavior. All 10 teachers viewed life skills education (LSE) positively.

CONCLUSIONS:

LSE positively affects adolescents' socio-emotional functioning, but more extended periods of exposure are needed to demonstrate discernible change. The feasibility of implementation depends on the syllabus and based on health policies.
A comparative study: Accreditation of universities' disaster risk management for health promotion
Authors: Miresmaeeli Seyedeh Samaneh , Zavareh Davoud Khorasani , Seyedin Hesam
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Risk management processes accreditation in emergencies and disasters can determine the effectiveness and efficiency of these processes. Universities, as the highest level of education, should provide a safe environment for educational services and activities of these people.

AIMS:

The present study aimed to review and compare different accreditation models for emergencies and disaster risk management in selected countries. Reaching other accreditation models together and identifying their similarities and differences, along with considering the implementation of each model, can significantly help the countries which aim to design and develop a risk management accreditation model or upgrade their models.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this qualitative comparative study, the US, UK, Canada, Australia, Japan, and South Africa were selected based on research criteria. A literature review compared university emergency and disaster risk management accreditation models. The obtained data were collected in a researcher-made matrix, and a content analysis method was used for data analysis. Differences and similarities of selected countries in the fields of accreditation program(s), accreditation institute, start year, obligation, accredited organizations, number of criteria, criteria titles, accreditation focus, accreditation stages, number of stages, scoring method, and ranking method were compared.

RESULT:

Designing a local model for the accreditation of disaster risk management in universities based on the crisis management system in each country can lead to improving the level of responsiveness and quality of services in emergency situations and health promotion.
Comparing the self-awareness and problem-solving skills training on sexual desire of newly married women: A field trial study
Authors: Moodi Saba , Mehrbakhsh Zahra , Amtaeh Fatemeh , Moghasemi Sedigheh
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Sexual desire of women is one of the most important factors affecting marital and sexual satisfaction. Regarding the association of life skills level with sexual dissatisfaction and sexual desire, the present study aims to compare the effect of self-awareness and problem-solving skills training on the sexual desire of newly married women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was an experimental field trial study conducted since October 2019 to September 2020. The participants included 105 married women with a history of up to 5 years of cohabitation assigned randomly to either of the two intervention or control groups. The data collection tools include a demographic form, Hulbert index of sexual desire (HISD), and ENRICH couple scale that were completed by the participants before (T1), immediately (T2), and one month after the intervention (T3). The first intervention group received self-awareness skills training, whereas the second one received problem-solving skills training (four sessions of 90 min) weekly. On the other hand, the control group received no training. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16 software and descriptive-analytical statistical tests including one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Bonferroni test, tests of within-subjects effects, and analysis test with repeated measures. P value < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:

The effect of time (statistic test: 51.24, P-value < 0.001) and the interaction effects of Time and Group on sexual desire (statistic test: 2.87, P-value: 0.03) were statistically significant. The mean score of sexual desire both in interventions and control groups showed statistically significant improvement. The mean score of sexual desire in the self-awareness group was 44.31 ± 9.08 (T1), 51.34 ± 10.92 (T2), and 59.48 ± 13.76 (T3) (P < 0.001); in the problem-solving group was 48.74 ± 10.21 (T1), 52.08 ± 10.59 (T2), and 57.40 ± 12.40 (T3) (P < 0.001); and in the control group was 47.74 ± 11.60 (T1), 50.08 ± 10.04 (T2), and 54.94 ± 12.15 (T3) (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSION:

The present study showed the effectiveness of both self-awareness and problem-solving skills training on newly married women's sexual desire. Moreover, this study showed simply participating in a study related to sexual desire as a control group could be effective on women's sexual desire.
A comparative study of interagency communications and information exchange in disaster response among selected countries
Authors: Abdolahzadeh Fayegh , Bagherian Hossein , Peyravi Mahmoudreza , Kolivand Pirhossein , Tavakoli Nahid
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Effective communications and secure information exchange platforms during disasters and emergencies are among the significant factors in inclusive disaster management and can radically contribute to better preparedness, efficient and timely responsiveness, and, finally, maximal reduction of damages and fatalities. The present study was to compare communications and information exchange among disaster response organizations in selected countries.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

This applied research, carried out in 2022, was a qualitative descriptive-comparative study pursuing a content analysis approach. Australia, Turkey, India, America, Japan, and Iran constituted the statistical population of the study. The sampling was based on the countries' disaster histories and response experiences. The note-taking tool was used to extract and collect data during the review of texts, documents, and articles, and the qualitative content analysis method was employed for data analysis.

RESULTS:

The outcomes of the descriptive-comparative analysis fell into four main comparative axes of the selected countries, including comparing reference, authority, and coordinator organizations in the response phase, comparing planning records and histories in disaster and emergency management comparing the contribution or non-contribution of government, military institutions, and non-governmental organizations to disaster and emergency management, the commonalities of the selected countries' disaster and emergency management and dependence on government.

CONCLUSION:

The results revealed that all selected countries depended on the government in managing disasters and emergencies, and the four communication platforms, i.e., landline telephone, mobile phone, radio communications systems, and couriers, were the common communication and information acquisition sources.
Microdeletion 12p12.1 involving SRY-related HMG-box 5 gene with developmental delay and autistic behavior
Authors: Goyal Manisha , Gupta Ashok , Gupta Rahul , Faruq Mohammed , Shrivastava Divya
Published: August 2023

The estimated prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) is 10.37/1000 population. One of the major causes of ID is a chromosomal abnormality. SRY-related HMG-box 5 (SOX5) gene encodes a member of the SOX family of transcription factors, which may act as a transcriptional regulator involved in the regulation of chondrogenesis and the development of the nervous system by regulation of the production of subcortical projection neurons. Array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) is a molecular-cytogenetic method used to detect submicroscopic copy number variants within the genome, which is not visible by conventional karyotyping. We describe the extensive application of array-CGH in a 4-year-old male child who presented with global developmental delay (DD), behavioral abnormality, microcephaly, mild dysmorphic facial features, and constriction ring around prepuce with 12p12.1 microdeletion (166 kb deletion) involving SOX5 gene. The patient is under follow-up with a pediatrician, geneticist, speech therapist, and physiotherapist. A high index of suspicion for cytogenetic abnormalities should be present in a pediatric patient presenting with DD, genitourinary abnormalities, and associated with or without facial dysmorphism.
Coronavirus disease 2019 and distance learning in King Abdulaziz University
Authors: Karami Mohammed Matoog
Published: August 2023

Background:

The shuttering of educational institutions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered an unforeseen abrupt transition from traditional in-person learning to an online learning environment.

Aims:

The aim of the present study is to assess how these changes impacted students at the College of Pharmacy (COP) of King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Settings and Design:

The data for this study came from student performance measures and feedback on student experiences as they completed their required physiology course online through the COP at KAU during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Materials and Methods:

We E-mailed a questionnaire to all 1st year COP students (n = 137) registered in the 2019–2020 academic year. The questionnaire was available in both English and Arabic and included questions aimed at assessing student challenges and perception of the distance learning experience.

Statistical Analysis Used:

All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 5 (GraphPad Software, CA, USA).

Results:

We obtained 118 responses. Among those, 77.8% preferred either face-to-face instruction or blended learning. The challenges to distance learning reported by the respondents' included issues related to the use of technology tools (61%). However, although only 39.8% felt that the COVID-19 pandemic raised their confidence in the efficacy of online education, the overall success rate was higher than before the pandemic.

Conclusion:

The pandemic-induced mandatory move to distance learning underscored the need to restructure and modify the curriculum to support virtual education, as well as the need for better facilities and telecommunication infrastructure to support online education.
Association between serum ferritin level and ABO blood group in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Somani Muskaan , Patil Bharat Umakant , Waghmare Pranita , Ghongade Pravinkumar , Kumar Satish
Published: August 2023

Background:

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, and the pathogenic mechanism is still under investigation. Preliminary reports suggest a link between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to severe COVID-19.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to confirm the link between ABO blood type, the risk of coronavirus infection, and the severity of COVID-19 disease.

Setting and Design:

This was a retrospective cohort study.

Materials and Methods:

The study was carried out at tertiary care rural hospital in Central India. The patients admitted to the COVID unit over 6 months were enrolled in the study. The data further statistically analyzed the outcome of COVID-19 disease and its relation with the patient's blood group and serum ferritin levels.

Results:

The data analysis observed no significant impact of blood group on the outcome of COVID-19 in terms of death and cured cases. The mortality rate was 27.2% in the AB blood group, with the highest reported serum ferritin levels (1007.78 ± 1301.25). Compared to other blood groups, A (8.1%), followed by O (13.5%), with the lowest mortality rate (P = 0.31). Alanine transferase and aspartate transferase were maximally seen in patients having blood group AB +, and lower values were observed in blood group A.

Conclusions:

Blood groups A and O were considered COVID-19 protective in mortality following the cytokine storm. AB blood group had high serum ferritin levels, so it can be a potential tool to predict mortality and may be considered the culprit for the triggering “cytokine storm.”
A case of alemtuzumab-induced thyroid disease with a fluctuating course
Authors: Alghamdi Sarah Ali , Ismail Rha , Samargandy Shaza
Published: August 2023

Alemtuzumab (ALZ) is a humanized monoclonal antibody licensed for the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). One of its common side effects is autoimmune thyroid disease, most commonly Graves' disease (GD). Here, we present a case of a 39-year-old female that was on ALZ for the treatment of RRMS. After two cycles, she developed GD, which later converted to severe hypothyroidism.
The efficiency of transrectal fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathologic correlation in prostatic lesions and survival outcomes in prostate carcinoma
Authors: Ghongade Pravinkumar , Patil Bharat Umakant , Atram Manisha , Gupta Anupama
Published: August 2023

Background:

Transrectal fine-needle aspiration cytology (TRFNAC) is a beneficial practical method for the early diagnosis of prostate lesions.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of TRFNAC in diagnosing prostatic lesions and its correlation with histologic diagnosis and evaluate the survival outcome and prognostic factors in prostatic cancer (PCa).

Setting and Design:

This was a retrospective study conducted from January 2014 to December 2018.

Materials and Methods:

Data regarding clinical findings, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), TRFNAC diagnosis, histopathological findings, treatment, and patient status were retrieved.

Statistical Analysis:

The Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank (Mantel-Cox) were used for analysis.

Results:

Two hundred and fifty-seven cases of the prostatic lesion were selected. The overall diagnostic accuracy of TRFNAC for prostatic lesions was 95.41%. The sensitivity and specificity of TRFNAC were reported as 84.84% and 97.1%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value were reported as 82.35% and 97.57% on TRFNAC, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of TRFNAC for prostate intraepithelial neoplasia was 22.2%. The overall survival outcome in PCa patients was 100% at 1 year, 71.2% at 3 years, and 59.3% at 5 years. Survival outcome significantly altered depending on the Gleason score, PSA level, metastases status, and treatment given, which showed Chi-square values of 78.49 (P = 0.000), 39.26 (P = 0.000), 16.52 (P = 0.000), and 31.92 (P = 0.000), respectively. The median survival time of PCa cases was 1522.01 days with a standard error of 152.92.

Conclusions:

TRFNAC is a beneficial and reliable tool for screening and diagnosing prostatic lesions. Prognostic factors such as surgery alone or combination, Gleason score ≤ 6, no metastases status, and PSA < 50 are associated with good survival.
Cellular leiomyoma of the broad ligament masquerading an ovarian malignancy
Authors: Aden Durre , Zaheer Sufian , Singh Mukul , Ranga Sunil
Published: August 2023

Leiomyoma of the uterus is a common mesenchymal tumor of the female pelvis. Broad ligament leiomyoma is a relatively uncommon neoplasm comprising <1% of cases of leiomyoma

.

We present a case of a huge cellular broad ligament leiomyoma with cystic, myxoid, and hyaline degeneration clinically presenting as an ovarian tumor. Broad ligament leiomyoma is asymptomatic, but if neglected for a long time and it reaches an enormous size, it may result in chronic pelvic pain, compression of the bladder neck, and may even cause bowel dysfunction. They can sometimes clinically and radiologically mimic ovarian neoplasm. Therefore, histopathology plays a pivotal role in the definitive diagnosis. The diagnostic dilemma arises especially when leiomyomas undergo various degenerations. This case is being presented not just because of its rarity and the diagnostic dilemma it causes but to highlight the role of frozen section and histopathology in confirming the diagnosis.
Statistical reconstruction of the GFF and KT transition
Authors: Garban Christophe , Sepúlveda Avelio
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we focus on the following question. Assume

\phi

is a discrete Gaussian free field (GFF) on

\Lambda \subset \frac 1 n \mathbb{Z}^2

and that we are given

e^{iT \phi}

, or equivalently

\phi \pmod{ {2\pi} T}

. Can we recover the macroscopic observables of

\phi

with

o(1)

precision? We prove that this statistical reconstruction problem undergoes the following Kosterlitz–Thouless type phase transition:

This statistical reconstruction problem is motivated by the two-dimensional XY and Villain models. Indeed, at low temperature

T

, the large scale fluctuations of these continuous spin systems are conjectured to be governed by a Gaussian free field. It is then natural to ask if one can recover the underlying macroscopic GFF from the observation of the spins of the XY or Villain model. Another motivation for this work is that it provides us with an “integrable model” (the GFF) that undergoes a KT transition.
A quantization proof of the uniform Yau–Tian–Donaldson conjecture
Authors: Zhang Kewei
Published: August 2023

Using quantization techniques, we show that the

\delta

-invariant of Fujita–Odaka coincides with the optimal exponent in a certain Moser–Trudinger type inequality. Consequently, we obtain a uniform Yau–Tian–Donaldson theorem for the existence of twisted Kähler–Einstein metrics with arbitrary polarizations. Our approach mainly uses pluripotential theory, which does not involve Cheeger–Colding–Tian theory or the non-Archimedean language. A new computable criterion for the existence of constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics is also given.
Integral operators in Hölder spaces on upper Ahlfors regular sets
Authors: Lanza de Cristoforis Massimo
Published: August 2023

Volume and layer potentials are integrals on a subset

Y

of the Euclidean space

{\mathbb{R}}^n

that depend on a variable in a subset

X

of

{\mathbb{R}}^n

. Here we present a unified approach to some results by assuming that

X

and

Y

are subsets of a metric space

M

and that

Y

is equipped with a measure

\nu

that satisfies upper Ahlfors growth conditions that include non-doubling measures. We prove continuity statements in the frame of (generalized) Hölder spaces upon variation both of the density functions on

Y

and of the off-diagonal potential kernel and

T1

theorems that generalize corresponding results of J. García-Cuerva and A. E. Gatto in case

X=Y

for kernels that include the standard ones.
Drying and Rehydration Characteristics of Microwave Dried Mytilus edulis
Authors: Sevim Sema , Ozyalcin Zehra Ozden , Kipcak Azmi Seyhun
Published: August 2023

Rehydration is a critical factor in the processing and consumption of dried food products. This study investigated the kinetics of microwave drying and rehydration of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in the range of 140 - 350 W power levels and 20 - 40°C temperatures, respectively. The drying data were utilized to calculate effective diffusivity coefficients (Deff) and activation energy (EA), while rehydration rates and time were also determined. Mathematical modeling was employed to describe the drying and rehydration processes, and the performance of different models was evaluated. The drying process took between 13 - 4.5 minutes, while rehydration was concluded within 360 - 480 minutes. The Deff values ranged from 1.22 - 3.91×10-7 m2/s, and the EA was calculated as 11.417 kW/kg. Rehydration rates resulted in 0.000061 - 0.000126 g/g×min at the highest 40°C and 0.000018 - 0.000032 g/g×min at the lowest 20°C. The drying and rehydration processes were best described by the Alibas model among 11 models and the Two-Term Exponential model among 2 models, respectively. Overall, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the kinetics of microwave drying and rehydration of blue mussels, which can help optimize the processing and preservation of dried food products before consumption.
Bi‐LSTM model with time distribution for bandwidth prediction in mobile networks
Authors: Lee Hyeonji , Kang Yoohwa , Gwak Minju , An Donghyeok
Published: August 2023

We propose a bandwidth prediction approach based on deep learning. The approach is intended to accurately predict the bandwidth of various types of mobile networks. We first use a machine learning technique, namely, the gradient boosting algorithm, to recognize the connected mobile network. Second, we apply a handover detection algorithm based on network recognition to account for vertical handover that causes the bandwidth variance. Third, as the communication performance offered by 3G, 4G, and 5G networks varies, we suggest a bidirectional long short‐term memory model with time distribution for bandwidth prediction per network. To increase the prediction accuracy, pretraining and fine‐tuning are applied for each type of network. We use a dataset collected at University College Cork for network recognition, handover detection, and bandwidth prediction. The performance evaluation indicates that the handover detection algorithm achieves 88.5% accuracy, and the bandwidth prediction model achieves a high accuracy, with a root‐mean‐square error of only 2.12%.
Proportionally fair load balancing with statistical quality of service provisioning for aerial base stations
Authors: Jiang Shengqi , Lee Ying Loong , Tham Mau Luen , Qin Donghong , Chang Yoong Choon , Sim Allyson Gek Hong
Published: August 2023

Aerial base stations (ABSs) seem promising to enhance the coverage and capacity of fifth‐generation and upcoming networks. With the flexible mobility of ABSs, they can be positioned in air to maximize the number of users served with a guaranteed quality of service (QoS). However, ABSs may be overloaded or underutilized given inefficient placement, and user association has not been well addressed. Hence, we propose a three‐dimensional ABS placement scheme with a delay‐QoS‐driven user association to balance loading among ABSs. First, a load balancing utility function is designed based on proportional fairness. Then, an optimization problem for joint ABS placement and user association is formulated to maximize the utility function subject to statistical delay QoS requirements and ABS collision avoidance constraints. To solve this problem, we introduce an efficient modified gray wolf optimizer for ABS placement with a greedy user association strategy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms baselines in terms of load balancing and delay QoS provisioning.
Early-Life Enteric Pathogen Exposure, Socioeconomic Status, and School-Age Cognitive Outcomes
Authors: Scharf Rebecca J. , McQuade Elizabeth T. Rogawski , Svensen Erling , Huggins Amber , Maphula Angelina , Bayo Eliwaza , Blacy Ladislaus , Pamplona E. de Souza Paula , Costa Hilda , Houpt Eric R. , Bessong Pascal O. , Mduma Estomih , Lima Aldo A. M. , Guerrant Richard L.
Published: August 2023

Early-life experiences of enteric infections and diarrheal illness are common in low-resource settings and are hypothesized to affect child development. However, longer-term associations of enteric infections with school-age cognitive outcomes are difficult to estimate due to lack of long-term studies. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between enteropathogen exposure in the first 2 years of life with school-age cognitive skills in a cohort of children followed from birth until 6 to 8 years in low-resource settings in Brazil, Tanzania, and South Africa. The study included participants from three sites from the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health Study who were enrolled just after birth and followed for enteric infections, diarrheal illness, and cognitive development until 2 years of age. When the children were school-age, further data were collected on reasoning skills and semantic/phonemic fluency. We estimated associations between the burden of specific enteric pathogens and etiology-specific diarrhea from 0 to 2 years with cognitive test scores at 6 to 8 years using linear regression and adjusting for confounding variables. In this study, children who carried more enteric pathogens in the first 2 years of life showed overall decreases in school-age cognitive abilities, particularly children who carried protozoa, although this was not statistically significant in this sample. Socioeconomic factors such as maternal education and income were more closely associated with school-age cognitive abilities. Early-life enteric pathogens may have a small, lasting influence on school-age cognitive outcomes, although other socioeconomic factors likely contribute more significantly.
Exclamation in Late Archaic Chinese
Authors: Wang Aiqing
Published: August 2023

Exclamation is constituted of sentence exclamations and exclamatives. Sentence exclamations in Late Archaic Chinese (LAC) are expressives asserting denoted propositions, parallel to their counterparts in modern Mandarin. Sentence exclamations in LAC also indicate that the asserted propositions fail to meet speakers’ expectations, yet such a sense of surprise is not obligatory. Another property of sentence exclamations in LAC is their compatibility with focus structures whose value is reflected in a degree property. As for exclamatives, although they exist in modern Mandarin, they do not exist in LAC. There are exclamatory constructions involving degree adverbials he and heqi, which, according to traditional analyses (Yang & He, 1992, pp. 899-900; Chu, 1994, p. 303), are exclamatives. Nevertheless, I suggest that exclamatory constructions involving he and heqi in LAC fail to pass the exclamativity tests (Zanuttini & Portner 2000, 2003; Badan & Cheng, 2015), disparate from their modern counterparts, so they should not be treated as true exclamatives.
Korean Honorifics in Flux: a Case Study of Seoul National University LEI Textbooks
Authors: Lukman Klaudija , Ryu Hyeonsook
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to demonstrate the close connection between society and politeness styles by analyzing Korean language textbooks for foreign learners published by Seoul National University Language Education Institute from 2000 to 2019. Changes in these textbooks indicate a dynamic interplay between society and language. The study reveals notable shifts in politeness styles, particularly the near-complete replacement of the formal hasipsioche with the polite informal style haeyoche. This paper seeks to connect the observed changes in textbooks and shifts in Korean culture and society. The paper offers a brief introduction to Korean history, society, and culture, highlighting their relevance to the Korean language in general and specifically to Korean in a second language education.