bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional questionnaire study of the rules governing pupils’ carriage of inhalers for asthma treatment in secondary schools in North East England
Authors: Funston Wendy , Howard Simon J.
Published: May 2016

Objectives.The primary objective of this study was to assess the rules governing secondary school pupils’ carriage of inhalers for emergency treatment of asthma in the North East of England.

Design.This study was based upon a postal questionnaire survey.

Setting.The setting for this study was mainstream free-to-attend secondary schools which admit 16 year old pupils within the 12 Local Authority areas which make up the North East of England.

Participants.All 153 schools meeting the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the study, of which 106 (69%) took part.

Main Outcome Measures.Our three main outcome measures were: whether pupils are permitted to carry inhalers on their person while at school; whether advance permission is required for pupils to carry inhalers, and from whom; and whether the school has an emergency ‘standby’ salbutamol inhaler for use in asthma emergencies, as permitted since October 2014 under recent amendments to The Human Medicines Regulations 2012.

Results.Of 98 schools submitting valid responses to the question, 99% (n= 97) permitted pupils to carry inhalers on their person while at school; the remaining school stored pupils’ inhalers in a central location within the school. A total of 22% of included schools (n= 22) required parental permission before pupils were permitted to carry inhalers. Of 102 schools submitting valid responses to the question, 44% (n= 45) had purchased a ‘standby’ salbutamol inhaler for use in asthma emergencies.

Conclusions.Most secondary schools in North East England permit pupils to carry inhalers on their person. The requirement in a minority of schools for parental permission to be given possibly contravenes the standard ethical practices in clinical medicine for children of this age. Only a minority of schools hold a ‘standby’ salbutamol inhaler for use in asthma emergencies. Wider availability may improve outcomes for asthma emergencies occurring in schools.
The influence of scopolamine on motor control and attentional processes
Authors: Bestaven Emma , Kambrun Charline , Guehl Dominique , Cazalets Jean-René , Guillaud Etienne
Published: May 2016

Background:Motion sickness may be caused by a sensory conflict between the visual and the vestibular systems. Scopolamine, known to be the most effective therapy to control the vegetative symptoms of motion sickness, acts on the vestibular nucleus and potentially the vestibulospinal pathway, which may affect balance and motor tasks requiring both attentional process and motor balance. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of scopolamine on motor control and attentional processes.

Methods:Seven subjects were evaluated on four different tasks before and after a subcutaneous injection of scopolamine (0.2 mg): a one-minute balance test, a subjective visual vertical test, a pointing task and a galvanic vestibular stimulation with EMG recordings.

Results:The results showed that the reaction time and the movement duration were not modified after the injection of scopolamine. However, there was an increase in the center of pressure displacement during the balance test, a decrease in EMG muscle response after galvanic vestibular stimulation and an alteration in the perception of verticality.

Discussion:These results confirm that low doses of scopolamine such as those prescribed to avoid motion sickness have no effect on attentional processes, but that it is essential to consider the responsiveness of each subject. However, scopolamine did affect postural control and the perception of verticality. In conclusion, the use of scopolamine to prevent motion sickness must be considered carefully because it could increase imbalances in situations when individuals are already at risk of falling (e.g., sailing, parabolic flight).
Analytical solution for the vertical profile of daily production in the ocean
Authors: Kovač Žarko , Platt Trevor , Sathyendranath Shubha , Morović Mira
Published: May 2016

Photosynthesis parameters are routinely estimated from in vitro measurements of primary production under constant light reaching each incubation bottle, by fitting a photosynthesis‐irradiance function to the measurements. Here we take one such function and integrate it in time for variable light input, similar to natural conditions, to obtain the analytical solution for the vertical profile of daily phytoplankton production in the field. This solution is then fitted to in situ measurements of primary production profiles in the same manner as a photosynthesis‐irradiance function is fitted to in vitro measurements under controlled and constant light conditions to retrieve the photosynthesis‐irradiance parameters. The method is tested on the Hawaii Ocean Time‐series data set. The solution explained 97.88% of the variance in measured normalized production at individual depths. The recovered parameters were then used to model the normalized daily water‐column production. The model explained 99.21% of variance in normalized watercolumn production of the entire data set. The seasonal cycle of the photosynthesis parameters recovered with the analytical solution was further studied for the Hawaii Ocean Time‐series. With respect to the photosynthesis parameter determination, the solution bridges the gap between classical photosynthesis‐irradiance measurements under controlled light conditions and in situ measurements which are made under natural, variable light conditions. It presents a new tool for the estimation of photosynthesis parameters from in situ measurements of primary production.
Cloud vertical structure, precipitation, and cloud radiative effects over Tibetan Plateau and its neighboring regions
Authors: Yan Yafei , Liu Yimin , Lu Jianhua
Published: May 2016

The vertical structure of clouds and its connection with precipitation and cloud radiative effects (CRE) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are analyzed and compared with its neighboring land and tropical oceans based on CloudSat and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) products and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation data. Unique characteristics of cloud vertical structure and CRE over the TP are found. The cloud amount shows seasonal variation over the TP, which presents a single peak (located in 7–11 km) during January to April and two peaks (located in 5–8 km and 11–17 km separately) after mid‐June, and then resumes to one peak (located in 5–10 km) after mid‐August. Topography‐induced restriction on moisture supply leads to a compression effect on clouds, i.e., the reduction in both cloud thickness and number of cloud layers, over the TP. The topography‐induced compression effect is also shown in the range in the variation of cloud thickness and cloud‐top height corresponding to different precipitation intensity, which is much smaller over the TP than its neighboring regions. The longwave CRE in the atmosphere over the TP is a net cooling effect. The vertical structure of CRE over the TP is unique compared to other regions: there exists a strong cooling layer of net CRE at the altitude of 8 km, from June to the beginning of October; the net radiative heating layer above the surface is shallower but stronger underneath 7 km and with a stronger seasonal variation over the TP.
Acoustic mapping velocimetry
Authors: Muste M. , Baranya S. , Tsubaki R. , Kim D. , Ho H. , Tsai H. , Law D.
Published: May 2016

Knowledge of sediment dynamics in rivers is of great importance for various practical purposes. Despite its high relevance in riverine environment processes, the monitoring of sediment rates remains a major and challenging task for both suspended and bed load estimation. While the measurement of suspended load is currently an active area of testing with nonintrusive technologies (optical and acoustic), bed load measurement does not mark a similar progress. This paper describes an innovative combination of measurement techniques and analysis protocols that establishes the proof‐of‐concept for a promising technique, labeled herein Acoustic Mapping Velocimetry (AMV). The technique estimates bed load rates in rivers developing bed forms using a nonintrusive measurements approach. The raw information for AMV is collected with acoustic multibeam technology that in turn provides maps of the bathymetry over longitudinal swaths. As long as the acoustic maps can be acquired relatively quickly and the repetition rate for the mapping is commensurate with the movement of the bed forms, successive acoustic maps capture the progression of the bed form movement. Two‐dimensional velocity maps associated with the bed form migration are obtained by implementing algorithms typically used in particle image velocimetry to acoustic maps converted in gray‐level images. Furthermore, use of the obtained acoustic and velocity maps in conjunction with analytical formulations (e.g., Exner equation) enables estimation of multidirectional bed load rates over the whole imaged area. This paper presents a validation study of the AMV technique using a set of laboratory experiments.
Crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath the United States
Authors: Shen Weisen , Ritzwoller Michael H.
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a new model of the shear velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the contiguous U.S. The model is based on more than a decade of USArray Transportable Array (TA) data across the U.S. and derives from a joint Bayesian Monte Carlo inversion of Rayleigh wave group and phase speeds determined from ambient noise and earthquakes, receiver functions, and Rayleigh wave ellipticity (H/V) measurements. Within the Bayesian inverse theoretic framework, a prior distribution of models is posited and a posterior distribution is inferred beneath all of the more than 1800 TA stations across the U.S. The resulting mean and standard deviation of the mean of the posterior distribution at each station summarize the inversion results, which are then interpolated onto a regular 0.25°×0.25° grid across the U.S. to define the final 3‐D model. We present arguments that show that the standard deviation of the posterior distribution overestimates the effect of nonsystematic errors in the final model by a factor of 4–5 and identify uncertainties in density and mantle Q as primary potential sources of remaining systematic error in the final model. The model presents a great many newly resolved structural features across the U.S. that require further analysis and dedicated explication. We highlight here low‐velocity anomalies in the upper mantle that underlie the Appalachians with centers of anomalies in northern Georgia, western Virginia, and, most prominently, New England.
Analytical solutions for species transport in a T‐sensor at low peclet numbers
Authors: Sadeghi Arman
Published: May 2016

A 3D analytical solution is presented for the problem of mass transport in a T‐sensor by taking the axial diffusion effects into account. The solution methodology is based on an eigenfunction expansion of the solute concentration and enjoys the variational calculus for the solution of the associated eigenvalue problem. The method is capable of handling a mixed electroosmotic and pressure‐driven velocity profile and is executed assuming a rectangular channel cross‐section although it can be easily extended to more complex geometries. Two simplified models, one based on a uniform velocity profile, valid for the channel half height to Debye length ratios of above 100, and the other based on a depthwise averaging of the species concentration to be used for cases in which the channel width to height ratio is above 5 are also presented. As a part of the latter, expressions are derived for the Taylor dispersion coefficient of the mixed flow in a slit microconduit. The most interesting finding of this study is that, when the diffusion mechanism significantly contributes to the axial movement of the species, the well‐known heterogeneous mass transport evolves into a nearly uniform pattern in the depthwise direction and the mixing length noticeably increases. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 4119–4130, 2016
Homozygous single base deletion in TUSC3 causes intellectual disability with developmental delay in an Omani family
Authors: Al‐Amri Ahmed , Saegh Abeer Al , Al‐Mamari Watfa , El‐Asrag Mohammed E. , Ivorra Jose L. , Cardno Alastair G. , Inglehearn Chris F. , Clapcote Steven J. , Ali Manir
Published: May 2016

Intellectual disability (ID) is the term used to describe a diverse group of neurological conditions with congenital or juvenile onset, characterized by an IQ score of less than 70 and difficulties associated with limitations in cognitive function and adaptive behavior. The condition can be inherited or caused by environmental factors. The genetic forms are heterogeneous, with mutations in over 500 known genes shown to cause the disorder. We report a consanguineous Omani family in which multiple individuals have ID and developmental delay together with some variably present features including short stature, microcephaly, moderate facial dysmorphism, and congenital malformations of the toes or hands. Homozygosity mapping combined with whole exome next generation sequencing identified a novel homozygous single base pair deletion in TUSC3, c.222delA, p.R74 fs. The mutation segregates with the disease phenotype in a recessive manner and is absent in 60,706 unrelated individuals from various disease‐specific and population genetic studies. TUSC3 mutations have been previously identified as causing either syndromic or non‐syndromic ID in patients from France, Italy, Iran and Pakistan. This paper supports the previous clinical descriptions of the condition caused by TUSC3 mutations and describes the seventh family with mutations in this gene, thus contributing to the genetic spectrum of mutations. This is the first report of a family from the Arabian peninsula with this form of ID. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Behavioral functioning in cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome: Risk factors and impact on parenting experience
Authors: Pierpont Elizabeth I. , Wolford Melinda
Published: May 2016

The present study is an investigation of behavioral functioning in children with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC). CFC is a rare single‐gene disorder associated with cardiac disease, characteristic skin and facial features, intellectual disability, and neurological complications such as seizures and structural brain anomalies. Emotional and behavioral features of CFC have not been systematically investigated. We aimed to identify key variables that contribute to psychopathology during childhood and adolescence, and to examine the impact of challenging behaviors on the caregiving experience. Parents of 34 children and adolescents with CFC completed standardized broadband measures of child emotional and behavioral functioning, as well as measures of sensory modulation, functional communication, and caregiver stress. Results indicate that children with CFC syndrome are at heightened risk for psychopathology, with attention problems, social difficulties, and unusual behaviors (e.g., obsessive thoughts, strange behaviors, repetitive acts) found to be especially prevalent. Behavioral challenges in children with CFC syndrome were significantly associated with a history of obstetric complications and with problems modulating sensory information. With regard to the impact of child neurocognitive and behavioral issues on the caregiving experience, parent self‐reported stress was significantly higher among parents of children who engaged in more problem behaviors, and lower among parents whose children could communicate effectively with others. Results of this study suggest avenues to help families cope with CFC‐related stressors and enhance overall functioning. In particular, this study highlights the need for educational and treatment interventions aimed at addressing sensory needs, increasing functional communication, and identifying and managing challenging behaviors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dry Reforming of Methane on a Highly‐Active Ni‐CeO2 Catalyst: Effects of Metal‐Support Interactions on C−H Bond Breaking
Authors: Liu Zongyuan , Grinter David C. , Lustemberg Pablo G. , Nguyen‐Phan Thuy‐Duong , Zhou Yinghui , Luo Si , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Crumlin Ethan J. , Stacchiola Dario J. , Zhou Jing , Carrasco Javier , Busnengo H. Fabio , Ganduglia‐Pirovano M. Verónica , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Rodriguez José A.
Published: May 2016

Ni‐CeO2 is a highly efficient, stable and non‐expensive catalyst for methane dry reforming at relative low temperatures (700 K). The active phase of the catalyst consists of small nanoparticles of nickel dispersed on partially reduced ceria. Experiments of ambient pressure XPS indicate that methane dissociates on Ni/CeO2 at temperatures as low as 300 K, generating CHx and COx species on the surface of the catalyst. Strong metal–support interactions activate Ni for the dissociation of methane. The results of density‐functional calculations show a drop in the effective barrier for methane activation from 0.9 eV on Ni(111) to only 0.15 eV on Ni/CeO2−x(111). At 700 K, under methane dry reforming conditions, no signals for adsorbed CHx or C species are detected in the C 1s XPS region. The reforming of methane proceeds in a clean and efficient way.
Intercalated polyaniline–kaolinite nanocomposite prepared viain situmechanochemical synthesis
Authors: Zheng Hao , Feng Xue , Zhou Lu , Ye Ying , Chen Jianfang
Published: May 2016

Thein situpolymerization of aniline monomers within kaolinite interlayers easily led to an intercalated polyaniline (PANI)–kaolinite nanocomposite through a facile mechanochemical method. The X‐ray diffraction results demonstrate that PANI was successfully intercalated in the interlayers of kaolinite, which was lightened by an increased basal spacing from 7.24 to 14.67 Å of kaolinite in the as‐synthesized nanocomposite, and the characterization results from Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy further confirm this conclusion. The thermal stability of PANI was improved significantly when PANI was intercalated into kaolinite to form the nanocomposite; this was proven by thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, a panel experiment was carried out under a simulated marine environment to evaluate the anticorrosive effect of the as‐prepared product, and the results show that the epoxy resin/intercalated PANI–kaolinite nanocomposite coating had a better anticorrosive effect than that of the neat epoxy resin coating. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43551.
Enhancement in electrical conductive property of polypyrrole‐coated cotton fabrics using cationic surfactant
Authors: Lu Ming , Xie Ruyi , Liu Zulan , Zhao Zhenyun , Xu Hong , Mao Zhiping
Published: May 2016

Recently, great efforts have been made to gain highly conductive fabrics for smart textiles and flexible electromagnetic shielding materials. Different from the conventional chemical synthesis method, fibrillar polypyrrole was synthesized on the cotton fabrics via a simple chemical polymerization process with micelles of cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) as soft template. The modified cotton fabric exhibited excellent electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness due to the formation of fibrillar polypyrrole on the fiber surface. Electrical conductivity of fabric surface were studied by four‐probe resistivity system. The highly conductive fabric with surface conductivity of 5.8 S cm−1could be obtained by changing cationic surfactant concentration. The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of the modified fabrics was evaluated by the vector network analyzer instrument. Compared with the sample without using surfactant, the EMI SE value of PPy‐coated cotton fabrics increased by 28% after using 0.03 M CTAB as soft template. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43601.
Toward a microbial palm oil substitute: oleaginous yeasts cultured on lignocellulose
Authors: Whiffin Fraeya , Santomauro Fabio , Chuck Christopher J.
Published: May 2016

Palm oil production is a leading contributor to tropical deforestation, resulting in habitat destruction, increased carbon dioxide emissions, and local smog clouds across South East Asia. Palm oil is widely used for food, as a biofuel precursor, and in soaps and cosmetics. The global demand for palm oil is approximately 57 m tonnes a−1 and is steadily increasing. Alternatively, oleaginous yeast offers a highly credible renewable substitute. Over 80 species of oleaginous yeast are known, many of which have been demonstrated to catabolize a wide range of mono‐ and oligosaccharides in lignocellulose hydrolyzates. Many of the yeasts have demonstrated a high tolerance to furfurals and organic acid inhibitors and can be cultured at low pH, ideal for the industrial production of oil from lignocellulosic sources such as stover, forestry wastes, or energy crops. While the majority of the yeasts produce predominantly monounsaturated esters, some species are capable of producing oils higher in saturates akin to palm oil. While the manufacture of yeast oils on an industrial scale has been demonstrated, currently no large‐scale production from lignocellulose exists; however, through further strain selection, metabolic engineering, and valorization of co‐products, the production of a substitute oil from yeast is potentially feasible. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Involvement of a proton‐coupled organic cation antiporter in the blood–brain barrier transport of amantadine
Authors: Suzuki Toyofumi , Aoyama Takahiko , Suzuki Naoto , Kobayashi Masaru , Fukami Toshiro , Matsumoto Yoshiaki , Tomono Kazuo
Published: May 2016

The blood‐to‐brain transport of amantadine, a weak N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, has been shown previously to participate in the cationic drug‐sensitive transport system across the mouse blood–brain barrier (BBB). The purpose of the present study was to characterize the influx transport system by means of both an in situ mouse brain perfusion technique and in vitro studies using rat immortalized brain capillary endothelial cells (GPNT). The observed concentration‐dependent initial uptake rate of [3H]amantadine suggested the involvement of a carrier‐mediated transport mechanism. The normal uptake at physiological pH 7.4 was decreased by 72.9% in acidic perfusate, while it was increased by 35.3% in alkaline perfusate. These results suggest that pH‐dependent transport is regulated by utilizing an oppositely directed proton gradient as a driving force. In addition, the [3H]amantadine uptake was moderately inhibited by the adamantane structural analogs (rimantadine and memantine) and other cationic drugs (pyrilamine, clonidine, nicotine, etc.), but not by substrates or inhibitors of the well‐characterized organic cation transporters (tetraethylammonium, l‐carnitine and choline). A similar inhibition pattern was observed between the in vivo studies and the in vitro experiments. These results indicate that the influx transport for amantadine across the BBB involves a proton‐coupled organic cation antiporter. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical and Genetic Comparative Analysis of Gentiana crassicaulis and Gentiana macrophylla
Authors: Wang Yaping , Ahmad Bashir , Duan Baozhong , Zeng Rui , Huang Linfang
Published: May 2016

Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. and Gentiana macrophylla Pall. are two main sources of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae (Qinjiao) available in markets, which has a wide range of anti‐inflammatory effects and has been extensively used for fighting rheumatoid arthritis. However, they vary in terms of chemical compositions, pharmacological activities, and biomass. In this study, a combined chemical and genetic (HPLC and DNA barcoding) approach was used to compare these two plants. Four predominant bioactive compounds, namely, gentiopicroside, loganic acid, swertiamarin, and sweroside, were used to assess the chemical variations. Based on chemical variations, 15 samples were clustered into two groups through PCA analyses. DNA barcoding utilizing the variable nuclear ITS2 regions were sequenced, aligned, and compared. Together with 61 sequences collected from GenBank, 76 batches of Qinjiao were clustered in two groups according to species origin. The genetic relationships indicated by the ITS2‐based NJ tree were consistent with the chemical variations. Thus, the chemical profiles determined by HPLC and DNA profiles obtained from ITS2 region could be applied for the quality control of Qinjiao.
Exploring the Potential of Norbornene‐Modified Mannosamine Derivatives for Metabolic Glycoengineering
Authors: Späte Anne‐Katrin , Dold Jeremias E. G. A. , Batroff Ellen , Schart Verena F. , Wieland Daniel E. , Baudendistel Oliver R. , Wittmann Valentin
Published: May 2016

Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) allows the introduction of unnaturally modified carbohydrates into cellular glycans and their visualization through bioorthogonal ligation. Alkenes, for example, have been used as reporters that can react through inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder cycloaddition with tetrazines. Earlier, norbornenes were shown to be suitable dienophiles; however, they had not previously been applied for MGE. We synthesized two norbornene‐modified mannosamine derivatives that differ in the stereochemistry at the norbornene (exo/endo linkage). Kinetic investigations revealed that the exo derivative reacts more than twice as rapidly as the endo derivative. Through derivatization with 1,2‐diamino‐4,5‐methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) we confirmed that both derivatives are accepted by cells and incorporated after conversion to a sialic acid. In further MGE experiments the incorporated sugars were ligated to a fluorophore and visualized through confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.
Long‐term clinical follow‐up of patients undergoing percutaneous alcohol septal reduction for symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Fortunato de Cano Silvia , Nicolas Cano Manuel , de Ribamar Costa José , Alves Pinheiro Jairo , Bellio de Mattos Barretto Rodrigo , Costa de Souza Le Bihan David , Abizaid Alexandre , Sousa Amanda , Eduardo Sousa J.
Published: May 2016

Background

Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) is an alternative treatment for symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients refractory to pharmacological therapy. We sought to evaluate the immediate and long‐term incidence of death and changes in life quality in a consecutive cohort submitted to ASA.

Methods and Results

Between October 1998 and December 2013, a total of 56 patients (mean age 53.2 ± 15.5) with symptomatic refractory HOCM were treated with ASA and followed during 15 years (mean 8 ± 4 years). There were 7 (12.5%) deaths, 2 (3.6%) being of cardiac cause. The Kaplan‐Meier survival probability estimate was 96.4% at 1 year, 87.7 at 5 years and 81.0% at 12 years post‐ASA. Significant improvement was observed in life quality assessed by DASI index and NYHA functional class as well as in the left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) gradient reduction (from 92.8 ± 3.3 mm Hg to 9.37 ± 6.7 mm Hg, P < 0.001) and septum thickness (from 23.9 ± 0.6 mm to 12.9 ± 1.0 mm, P < 0.001). Only one patient (1.7%) required permanent pacemaker immediately after ASA. During follow‐up, one patient had a repeated ASA, three patients underwent myectomy and other four required ICD/pacemaker. In the multivariate model only post‐ASA LVOT residual gradient and left ventricle mass were associated with worse prognosis.

Conclusions

In this long‐term clinical follow‐up without losses, ASA was effective in improving quality of life and NYHA functional class, with relatively low mortality and very low need for immediate permanent pacemaker implantation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and Parent Cations: Acidity, Nucleophilicity, Stability, and Hydrogen Bonding—Electrochemical Study and Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Feroci Marta , Chiarotto Isabella , D'Anna Francesca , Gala Fabrizio , Noto Renato , Ornano Luigi , Zollo Giuseppe , Inesi Achille
Published: May 2016

N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are widely used as organocatalysts. Their reactivity (and instability) is related to their basicity and nucleophilicity, which, in turn, are linked to their scaffold. NHCs can be generated by chemical deprotonation or electrochemical reduction of the parent azolium cations, NHCH+s. Cyclic voltammetry enabled the reduction potential of the NHCH+s to be determined; the reduction potential is related to the acidity of the NHCH+s and the oxidation potential of the NHCs, which is related to the nucleophilicity of the NHCs. It was thus possible to order different NHCH+s and NHCs by their acidity and nucleophilicity, respectively. A study on the stability of NHCs was also performed in the absence and in the presence of acetic acid to assess the possibility of the coexistence of NHC and an acid in the same solution, opening the possibility of co‐catalysis. Finally, ab initio calculations confirmed the presence, in DMF, of hydrogen‐bonded NHCH+–NHC adducts, which could influence catalyst activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrabromothallate MTlBr4 (M = K, Rb, Cs, NH4) werden durch Entwässern der Hydrate MTlBr4 H2O oder durch Umsetzen von TlBr, MBr und Br2 bei 400 °C in geschlossenen Glasampullen dargestellt.
Authors: ROTTER H. W. , THIELE G.
Published: May 2016

Mit Ausnahme von KTlBr4 unterliegen die Verbindungen enantiotropen Phasenumwandlungen, so daß nur für diese eine Verbindung zu Röntgen‐Strukturuntersuchungen geeignete Einkristalle erhalten wurden.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROXO COMPOUNDS. 10. SODIUM OXOHYDROXOSTANNATES(II) NA4(SN4O(OH)10) AND NA2(SN2O(OH)4)
Authors: VON SCHNERING H. G. , NESPER R. , PELSHENKE H.
Published: May 2016

werden durch Auflösen von SnO bzw. frisch gefälltem Oxidhydroxid in konz. NaOH und anschließende Fällung dargestellt und als erste Na‐Hydroxostannate (II) eindeutig charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: LASER AND PULSE RADIOLYTICALLY INDUCED COLLOIDAL GOLD FORMATION IN WATER AND IN WATER‐IN‐OIL MICROEMULSIONS
Authors: KURIHARA K. , KIZLING J. , STENIUS P. , FENDLER J. H.
Published: May 2016

Im Hinblick auf die mögliche Anwendung von kolloidalem Ag und Au für Elektronenspeicherung ("cond‐ensors") bei der künstlichen Photosynthese wurde die (Au°)"‐Bildung bei der Reduktion von HAuCL.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF FLUOREN‐9‐YLIDENESUCCINONITRILE BY ADDITION OF ELECTROGENERATED ‐CH2CN ANIONS TO FLUOREN‐9‐ONE AND FLUOREN‐9‐YLIDENEACETONITRILE
Authors: DEGRAND C. , COMPAGNON P.‐L. , GASQUEZ F.
Published: May 2016

Das in Gegenwart von Azobenzol aus Acetonitril an einer Quecksilberkathode erzeugte Anion (H) reagiert mit Fluorenon (III) zum Dinitril (IV) und Aminonitril (V).
ChemInform Abstract: ACYLGUANIDINES AND SUBSTITUTED UREAS DERIVATED FROM ARYLOXYPROPANOLAMINES: β‐BLOCKING PROPERTIES
Authors: ESCHALIER A. , DURENG G. , DUCHENE‐MARULLAZ P. , BERECOECHEA J. , ANATOL J.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Alkoholen (I) werden durch Reaktion mit den Cyanamiden (II) die Guanidine (III) und durch Reaktion mit K‐Cyanat bzw. den Isocyanaten (V) die Harnstoffe (IV) bzw. (VI) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGHLY REGIO‐ AND STEREOSELECTIVE 1,4‐ADDITION REACTION OF β‐CYCLOPROPYL‐α,β‐ENONES WITH ORGANOCOPPER(I)‐ALUMINUM TRICHLORIDE
Authors: IBUKA T. , TABUSHI E. , YASUDA M.
Published: May 2016

Die Organokupfer‐Aluminium; trichlorid‐Komplexe (II) reagieren mit Cyclopropyl‐substituierten Michaelsystemen (I), (IV) und (VI) unter 1,4‐Addition zu den Cyclopropylketonen (III), (V) und (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTION AND ADDITION REACTIONS OF ISOINDOLES
Authors: BONNETT R. , NORTH S. A. , NEWTON R. F. , SCOPES D. I. C.
Published: May 2016

Während die elektrophile Substitution des Isoindols (III) durch Toluoldiazoniumchlorid in direkter Reaktion zu (I) fuhrt, entstehen unter Nitrosierungsbedingungen bzw. mit Paraformaldehyd und Dimethylamin über Zwischenstufen (IV) bzw. statt eines Mannich‐Produktes Dibenzopyrromethen (V) und (IV) (Ausb. 25%).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE CATALYZED INTERCONVERSIONS OF VITAMIN A DERIVATIVES
Authors: RANDO R. R. , CHANG A.
Published: May 2016

Die lz‐katalysierte Isomerisierung von all‐trans‐Retinal ergibt hauptsächlich das 13‐cis‐Isomer, das auch aus l l‐cis‐ Retinal neben dem all‐trans‐Isomer entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF NONCONJUGATED BICHROMOPHORIC SYSTEMS. FORMATION OF CUBANE‐LIKE PHOTOCYCLOMERS IN BIS(α‐NAPHTHYL) COMPOUNDS
Authors: TODESCO R. , GELAN J. , MARTENS H. , PUT J. , DE SCHRYVER F. C.
Published: May 2016

Die 3stündige Photolyse des Dinaphthylalkohols (I) liefert die Cyclomere (IIa) und (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Carbynes: Reaction of CF, CCI, and CBr with Alkenes.
Authors: RUZSICSKA B. P. , JODHAN A. , CHOI H. K. J. , STRAUSZ O. P. , BELL T. N.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelcarbine, die blitzphotolytisch aus XCHBr2 (X: ‐F, ‐Cl, ‐Br) erzeugt werden, reagieren z.B. mit Ethylen, 2,3‐Dimethyl‐2‐buten, Cyclohexen oder Cyclohexadienen mit Geschwindigkeitskonstanten von 0.04‐23·109/Ms, die ein Verhältnis von 1:3‐4:9‐13 und damit eine Abnahme der Reaktivität in der angegebenen Reihenfolge erkennen lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: SINGLET OXYGENATION OF BUT‐1‐EN‐3‐YNES: ON THE POSSIBLE INTERMEDIACY OF A 1,2‐DIOXACYCLOHEXA‐3,4‐DIENE
Authors: LEE‐RUFF E. , MALEKI M. , DUPERROUZEL P. , LIEN M. H. , HOPKINSON A. C.
Published: May 2016

Durch Oxidation der Butenine (I) mit Singulett‐Sauerstoff erhält man über die vorgeschlagenen Zwischenstufen (II) die Aldehyde (III) sowie das Keton (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 1,3‐DIOL DERIVATIVES AND APPLICATION TO THE ANSA BRIDGE OF RIFAMYCIN S
Authors: STILL W. C. , BARRISH J. C.
Published: May 2016

Die Ilydroborierung der unterschiedlich substituierten Alkene (I) mit einer Reihe von Hydroborierungsreagenzien führt zu einem Gemisch der threo‐ (II) und erythro‐Diole (III), wobei das Verhältnis threo /erythro vom Substitutionsmuster der Alkene (I) und vom Hydroborierungsreagenz bestimmt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF Γ‐HYDROXY‐ AND Γ‐OXO‐α,β‐UNSATURATED ESTERS AND NITRILES
Authors: LARCHEVEQUE M. , PERRIOT P. , PETIT Y.
Published: May 2016

Aktivierte Methylenverbindungen (I) werden nach Metallierung mit α‐(′hlorketonen (II) zu Epoxiden (IV) umgesetzt, die basisch zu ungesättigten Carbinolen (V) isomerisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF α,β‐UNSATURATED KETONES FROM KETONES VIA ALLYL ENOL CARBONATES
Authors: SHIMIZU I. , MINAMI I. , TSUJI J.
Published: May 2016

Aus Allylenolcarbonaten wie (I) erhält man in Gegenwart von Pd‐ Phosphin‐Komplexen (II), z.B. Kombinationen von Pd(II )‐acetat mit Triphenylphosphin, I,3‐Bis‐diphenyIphosphino‐propan oder I,4‐Bis‐diphenylphosphinobutan,Gemische aus dem Methyl‐cyclohexenon (III), dem AlIylderivat (IV) sowie 2‐Methylcy‐ clohexanon (V).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK ON CHLOROPHENYLETHYLENE BY AZIDE ION
Authors: TANAKA R. , YAMABE K.
Published: May 2016

Das Chlor‐phenylacetylen (I) reagiert mit Natriumazid (II) in Dimethylsulfoxid (III) zu dem Addukt (IV) und weiteren Verbindungen (V)‐(VII), von denen (VI) durch Reaktion von (III) mit der Zwischenstufe (VIII) entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE MONO‐O‐ALKYLATION OF SOME PYROCATECHOXIDE DIANIONS
Authors: KESSAR S. V. , GUPTA Y. P. , MOHAMMAD T. , GOYAL M. , SAWAL K. K.
Published: May 2016

Die mit Natriumhydrid gebildeten Dianionen der Dihydroxybenzuldehyde (I) und (V) (NaH : (I) bzw. (V) = 2,2 : I) reagieren mit Alkylhalogeniden (‐ll) zu den Alkoxyhy‐ 57 droxybenzaldehyden (III) bzw. (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF TRANS,TRANS,TRANS,CIS‐ AND TRANS,TRANS,TRANS,TRANS‐TRICYCLO(7.3.1.05,13)TRIDECAN‐3‐OLS AND ACETOLYSIS OF THE CORRESPONDING TOLUENE‐P‐SULFONATES
Authors: COLES C. J. , MASKILL H.
Published: May 2016

Gemäß Formelschema werden die tricyclischen Alkohole (VI) und (VII) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FLUOROHOMOCITRIC ACID LACTONE
Authors: MOLINES H. , MASSOUDI M. H. , CANTACUZENE D. , WAKSELMAN C.
Published: May 2016

Metallierter Fluoressigsäure‐tert.‐butylester (I) wird an α‐Ketoglutarsäureester (II) zu Fluorhomocitronensäureestern (III) addiert, deren saure Verseifung zum Fluorhomocitronensäurelacton (IV) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐(NITROMETHYL)PYRAZOLES FROM 2‐CYANO‐3‐(METHYLTHIO)‐4‐NITROCROTONIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: SCHAEFER H. + , GEWALD K.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktionen der Titelverbindungen (II) bzw. (IV) mit verschiedenen Hydrazinderivaten werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5,5‐DIMETHYLPYRAZOLENINES, PRECURSORS OF ISOPRENIC VINYLCARBENES, BY DIRECT OXIDATION OF Δ2‐PYRAZOLINES
Authors: FRANCK‐NEUMANN M. , MIESCH M.
Published: May 2016

Pyrazoline wie (III) sind durch Cyclo‐ addition des Diazopropans (II) an Olefine wie z.B. (I) zugänglich und lassen sich mit MnO2 zu den Pyrazolen (IV) oxidieren, wenn der 3‐Substituent eine CN‐, NOz‐ oder alkylabgeleitete Gruppe und der 4‐Substituent eine konjugationsfähige Gruppe ist.
ChemInform Abstract: THE DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF MONOFUNCTIONAL PSORALENS STRUCTURALLY RELATED TO METHOXSALEN AND TRIOXSALEN
Authors: CONFALONE P. N. , CONFALONE D. L.
Published: May 2016

Die Darstellungen des 3,4‐Benzome‐thoxsalens (IX), der Psoralene (XIIIa) und (XIIIb) und des Cyclohexanotrioxsalens (XVII) werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF STEREOISOMERIC 7,7,10A‐TRIMETHYL‐TRANS‐PERHYDRONAPHTHO(2,1‐C)PYRANS AND 6,6,9A‐TRIMETHYL‐TRANS‐PERHYDRONAPHTHO(2,1‐B)FURANS
Authors: VLAD P. F. , KOLTSA M. N. , UNGUR N. D. , DRAGALINA G. A. , PANASYUK T. E.
Published: May 2016

Zur Untersuchung der gegenseitigen Abhängigkeit von Struktur und Duftstoffcharakter in der Decalinreihe werden vier isomere Perhydronaphthopyrane (II) und (V) durch Dehydratisierung aus den Diolen (I) und (IV) mit Hilfe von Phosphorsäure und p‐Toluolsulfonsäure hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE ROUTE TO CHROMONE‐2‐CARBONITRILES
Authors: CIATTINI P. G. , MORERA E. , ORTAR G.
Published: May 2016

2‐Hydroxyacetophenone (I) werden basisch mit Dimethoxyessigsäuremethylester (II) zu 2‐(Dimethoxymethyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐chromanonen (III) umgesetzt und mit Hilfe von Hydroxylamin in die Nitrile (IV) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 4,10‐DIHYDRO‐3‐HYDROXY‐3‐METHYL‐1H,3H‐PYRANO(4,3‐B)(1)BENZOPYRAN‐10‐ONE, THE BASIC SKELETON IN FULVIC ACID
Authors: YAMAUCHI M. , KATAYAMA S. , NAKASHITA Y. , WATANABE T.
Published: May 2016

Das ungesättigte Ketal (I) cyclisiert zum Pyron (II), dessen Hydrierung in Gegenwart von Palladiumkohle unter Abspaltung der Benzylgruppe und Spaltung des Pyronrings zu einem komplexen Reaktionsgcmisch führt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE NITRILE‐CARBOXAMIDE REARRANGEMENT AND THE FORMATION OF HETEROCYCLES FROM 2‐CYANOCYCLOHEXENYLUREA
Authors: BISCHOFF C. , SCHROEDER E. +
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung von Anthranilamid (I) mit in situ gebildetem Bromcyan führt unter Umlagerung zum Cyanphenylharnstoff (II), der beim , Erhitzen zum Chinazolin (III) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT METHOXYLATION OF 1,3‐DIHYDROTHIAZINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: RIAHI M. A. , LEES M. , CHEHNA M. , DUGUAY G. , QUINIOU H.
Published: May 2016

Das Dihydrothiazin (I) reagiert′ mit tert.‐Butylhypochlorit und Lithiummethylat bei ‐70°C ‐zum Thiazin (II) und bei ‐20°C zum Methoxy‐thiazin (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF HETERO(17)ANNULENE DIOXIDES AND A (16)ANNULENE DIOXIDE USING FURAN AS A BUILDING BLOCK
Authors: OGAWA H. , FUKUDA C. , IMOTO T. , MIYAMOTO I. , KATO H. , TANIGUCHI Y.
Published: May 2016

Synthese unter Verwendung von Furanbaugruppen.
ChemInform Abstract: SILA‐PHARMACA. XXV. SILA‐ANALOGS OF NIFEDIPINE‐LIKE DIALKYL 2,6‐DIMETHYL‐4‐ARYL‐1,4‐DIHYDROPYRIDINE‐3,5‐DICARBOXYLATES. III
Authors: TACKE R. , BENTLAGE A. , TOWART R. , MOELLER E. +
Published: May 2016

Eine Reihe von Si‐Verbindungen wird zusammen mit den entsprechenden C‐Analogen synthetisiert und in ihren pharmakologischen Wirkungen mit Nifedipin (I) verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐METAL MULTIPLE BONDS. 10. ELECTROPHILIC ADDITIONS OF HALOGENS AND HYDROGEN HALIDES TO THE MOLYBDENUM‐MOLYBDENUM TRIPLE BOND IN DICYCLOPENTADIENYLDIMOLYBDENUM TETRACARBONYL
Authors: CURTIS M. D. , FOTINOS N. A. , HAN K. R. , BUTLER W. M.
Published: May 2016

Das milde Cl2‐Übertragungsreagenz Phenyliodoniumdichlorid reagiert mit dem Titelkomplex (I) zu der Verbindung (II) mit einem Brücken‐ und terminalen Chloridliganden.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF LIGAND SUBSTITUTION IN DIMANGANESE DECACARBONYL
Authors: COVILLE N. J. , STOLZENBERG A. M. , MUETTERTIES E. L.
Published: May 2016

′3CO‐Substitutionsexperimente und massenspektroskopische Analyse der Reaktionsmischung beweisen keine Mn ‐Mn‐ Bindungsspaltung als geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND REACTION CHEMISTRY OF A BIS(IODOSYLBENZENE)METALLOPORPHYRIN COMPLEX, (PHI(OAC)O)2MNIVTPP. A COMPLEX POSSESSING A FIVE‐ELECTRON OXIDATION CAPABILITY
Authors: SMEGAL J. A. , HILL C. L.
Published: May 2016

Tetraphenylporphinato‐M n(III)‐acetat wurde in Chlorbenzol in Gegenwart von Eisessig mit Iodosylbenzol zu dem Mn(IV)‐Titelkomplex (I) (60% Ausb.) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CONVERSION OF AN η5‐C5H5 COMPLEX INTO A CYCLOPENTADIENYLIDENE KETENE COMPLEX
Authors: CASEY C. P. , O'CONNOR J. M.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion des Komplexes (I) mit hohen Konzentrationen an Trimethylphosphin liefert über den if‐CSHS‐Komplex (II) mit anschließender Methan‐Entwicklung den neuen n2‐CO‐Cyclopentadienyliden‐Komplex (III).
ChemInform Abstract: STOICHIOMETRY AND KINETICS OF THE OXIDATION OF HALO(PYRIDINE)COPPER(I) COMPLEXES BY DIOXYGEN IN APROTIC SOLVENTS. EFFECTS OF COPPER(I) REACTANT MOLECULARITY ON THE RATE LAW AND EVIDENCE FOR LIGAND‐DEPENDENT PRODUCT STRUCTURES
Authors: DAVIES G. , EL‐SAYED M. A.
Published: May 2016

Die stöchiometrischen und kinetischen Daten für die Oxidation von Pyridin(L′ )‐ und Ethylnicotinat(L2 )‐Cu(I)X‐Komplexen (X: Cl, Br) mit O2 in Methylenchlorid und‐ Nitrobenzol werden bei verschiedenen molaren L/Cu(I)‐Verhältnissen mitgeteilt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (C5H5RH(PHCCH)P(CHME2)3) AND (C5H5RH(:C:CHPH)P(CHME2)3). MECHANISM OF CONVERSION OF AN ALKYNE LIGAND INTO A VINYLIDENE LIGAND
Authors: WOLF J. , WERNER H. , SERHADLI O. , ZIEGLER M. L.
Published: May 2016

Aus Phenylacetylen (I) und dem Rhodium‐Komplex (II) entsteht der Rhodium‐Komplex (III), der mit (IV) im Gleichgewicht steht.
ChemInform Abstract: FURTHER STUDIES OF THE DIMERIC β‐LINKED “FACE‐TO‐FACE FOUR” PORPHYRIN: FTF4
Authors: COLLMAN J. P. , ANSON F. C. , BARNES C. E. , BENCOSME C. S. , GEIGER T. , EVITT E. R. , KREH R. P. , MEIER K. , PETTMAN R. B.
Published: May 2016

Die HPLC‐Analyse (HPLC: HochdrucksFlüssigkeitschromatographie) des Produktes, das" bei der Darstellung von FTF4, in dem zwei Porphyrin‐Moleküle über zwei Peptid‐Brücken [Fläche‐parallel‐zu‐Fläche] miteinander verbunden sind, führte nicht " zur Auflösung in die beiden möglichen diastereomeren Dimeren syn‐ und anti‐(I)‐(Il), ‐ sondern zur Auftrennung in die anti‐Form und zwei Verunreinigungen (im Verhältnis 151 85 : l0: 5).
ChemInform Abstract: TWO NEW MEMBERS OF THE DIMERIC β‐LINKED FACE‐TO‐FACE PORPHYRIN FAMILY: FTF4* AND FTF3
Authors: COLLMAN J. P. , BENCOSME C. S. , BARNES C. E. , MILLER B. D.
Published: May 2016

Durch "Fläche‐parallel‐zu‐Fläche"‐Koppeln des Bis‐Säurechlorids (I) mit den Diaminen (IIa) bzw. (IIb) werden die Porphyrin‐Dimeren FTF4 und FTF3 (mit 4‐ bzw. 3‐atomiger Amid‐Brücke; Ausb. 40 bzw. 30%) dargestellt, die jeweils als ein einzelnes Diastereomeres vorliegen (1H‐NMR‐Spektren).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND EPIMERIZATION OF SPIRO C‐1 SUGARS
Authors: REMY G. , COTTIER L. , DESCOTES G.
Published: May 2016

Durch Reaktion des Triacetylglucals (I) mit dem Keton (II) erhält man zunächst das Produkt (III), welches in die Glycoside (IV) [nachfolgende Hydrierung zu (V)] bzw. (VI) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: GLYCOSYLIMIDATES. PART 7. SYNTHESIS OF C‐α‐ AND C‐β‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSYL DERIVATIVES FROM O‐(α‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSYL) TRICHLOROACETIMIDATE
Authors: SCHMIDT R. R. , HOFFMANN M.
Published: May 2016

Synthesen aus O‐(a‐D‐Glucopyranosylnrichloracetimidat.
ChemInform Abstract: INFLUENCE OF THERMAL DECOMPOSITION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIA‐STABILIZED CUBIC ZIRCONIA
Authors: SWAIN M. V. , GARVIE R. C. , HANNINK R. H. J.
Published: May 2016

Die Zers. von durch MgO (14 mol‐%) stabilisiertem kubischen ZrO2 bei 1100°C verläuft direkt zu monoklinem ZrO2.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETIC EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS IN PEROVSKITE SOLID SOLUTIONS. PART 1. IRON‐57 7 AND EUROPIUM‐151 MOESSBAUER SPECTRA OF EUROPIUM(IRON,COBALT) OXIDE (EUFE1‐XCOXO3 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 1))
Authors: GIBB T. C.
Published: May 2016

Die Spektraldaten, die die Existenz von magnetischen Austauschwechselwirkungen in der ′5′Eu‐Resonanz i demonstrieren, werden anhand eines detaillierten Modells quantitativ gedeutet.
ChemInform Abstract: LIQUID IMMISCIBILITY IN THE SYSTEMS X2O‐MO‐B2O3‐SIO2 (X = NA, K; M = MG, CA, BA) AND SODIUM OXIDE‐MAGNESIUM OXIDE‐BARIUM OXIDE‐BORON OXIDE‐SILICON DIOXIDE
Authors: TAYLOR P. , CAMPBELL A. B. , OWEN D. G.
Published: May 2016

In Fortführung der Untersuchungen des Einflusses der Glasmodifier‐Kationengröße auf die Mischbarkeitslücken in MuItikomponenten‐Borosilicat‐Systemen wurden jetzt die Titelsysteme mit dem Mol‐Verhältnis SiO2/B2O3 = 1.07 bei 650°C bez. der Grenzen der Mischbarkeit analysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: GENERATION OF ETHYL THIOXOACETATE, A DIENOPHILIC THIOALDEHYDE
Authors: BLADON C. M. , FERGUSON I. E. G. , KIRBY G. W. , LOCHEAD A. W. , MCDOUGALL D. C.
Published: May 2016

Das aus dem Mercaptan (I) zugängliche Sulfenylchlorid (II) reagiert als Thioaldehydquelle mit Dimethylbutadien (III) zum Cycloaddukt (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF HALOKETENES WITH ALLYL ETHERS AND THIOETHERS: A NEW TYPE OF CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT
Authors: MALHERBE R. , RIST G. , BELLUS D.
Published: May 2016

Aus den AIIyl‐Verbindungen (I) erhält man mit Dichlorketen (II) die Einschiebungsprodukte (III) neben den Cycloaddukten (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: BASE CATALYZED REARRANGEMENTS INVOLVING YLIDE INTERMEDIATES. PART 15. THE MECHANISM OF THE STEVENS (1,2) REARRANGEMENT
Authors: OLLIS W. D. , REY M. , SUTHERLAND I. O.
Published: May 2016

Das bei 0 °C über ein Jahr stabile Ylid (I) lagert sich bei 60°C zum Aminopropiophenon (II) um, das vom Diphenylethan (III) und den Aminen (IV) und (V) begleitet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 9,10‐DICYANOANTHRACENE‐SENSITIZED PHOTOOXYGENATION OF TRANS‐1,2‐DI(CARBAZOL‐9‐YL)CYCLOBUTANE VIA ELECTRON‐TRANSFER
Authors: MIZUNO K. , MURAKAMI K. , KAMIYAMA N. , OTSUJI Y.
Published: May 2016

In Gegenwart von 9, 0‐Dicyan‐unthracen (DCA) wird das Cyclobutan (I) zum IQ‐Dioxan (II) Photolytisch oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR OF NITRO‐SUBSTITUTED RADICAL Σ‐COMPLEXES. THE REACTIONS OF ALKYL RADICALS WITH 9‐NITROANTHRACENE
Authors: TESTAFERRI L. , TINGOLI M. , TIECCO M.
Published: May 2016

Das Nitroanthracen (I) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ENZYMES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. 27. HORSE LIVER ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE‐CATALYZED OXIDOREDUCTIONS OF 3‐ALKYLTHIOPYRAN KETONES AND ALCOHOLS
Authors: TAKEMURA T. , JONES J. B.
Published: May 2016

3 S S m W Enzymes in Organic Synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORIDE‐CATALYZED REACTIONS OF PERFLUOROMETHANIMINE. NOVEL CHEMISTRY OF THE PERFLUOROMETHANAMINE ION
Authors: CHANG S.‐C. , DESMARTEAU D. D.
Published: May 2016

Perfluormethanimin (I) reagiert mit Metallfluoriden zu den Addulven (II), die in Gegenwart von KF zu (III) dimerisiert oder in Gegenwart von CsF und (I) zum Diaziridin (IV) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF ANNELATED TROPYLIUM SALTS
Authors: THUMMEL R. P. , CHAYANGKOON P.
Published: May 2016

Benzocyclobuten (I) bildet mit Diazomethan in Gegenwart von (′u‐Katalysatoren durch Methylengruppen‐ Einschiebung die Verbindungen (II)‐(IV), die mit Trityliumsalz zu den anellierten Tropyliumsalzen (V) führen.