bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF INTESTINES OF THE BAIKAL OMUL (LAKE BAIKAL, EASTERN SIBERIA)
Authors: Mazur O. E. , Kutyrev I. A. , Sidorova T. V. , Sukhanova L. V.
Published: May 2023

New data were presented for the first time on the intestinal transcriptome of the

intestines (posterior section) of the Baikal omul Coregonus migratorius Georgi, 1775

(Salmoniformes: Coregonidae) belonging to the deep water bottom morphological

group (Lake Baikal) infected with parasites of various systematic groups: cestodes

Dibothriocephalus dendriticus, Proteocephalus longicollis, Eubothrium crassum, and

nematode Contracaecum osculatum baicalensis. Sequencing of the transcriptomics

libraries was performed on an Illumina NextSeq550 sequencer using the NextSeq®

550 High Output Kit v2. Based on the obtained data, de-novo transcriptome assembly was performed. Conserved domains and their associated Gene Ontology

annotations were predicted using Blast2Go. As a result, it was found that in the posterior section of the intestine enriched with lymphoid tissue (GALT), expression

of functional proteins was observed that were primarily associated with enzymatic

activity, with the development of specialized tissues, with cellular, metabolic and

secretory processes. It should be noted that a significant proportion of gene ontology

terms is associated with the functioning of the immune system, and with the cellular

response to stress, which, under conditions of sensitization by the metabolic end

products of helminths and their traumatic and antigenic effects, is quite understandable. The identified transcriptome may provide new information for understanding

the functions of lymphoid organs in salmonids with parasitosis.
SPECIES COMPOSITION OF HELMINTHS OF DOMESTIC CARNIVORES DETECTED IN THE SOIL OF URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE NORTHERN PART OF BELARUS
Authors: Masalkova Yu. Yu.
Published: May 2023

There are not so many comprehensive studies for helminthological contamination

of urbanized environment of the northern part of Belarus with eggs of helminths

of carnivores including domestic ones. The routine examination for environmental

contamination by helminth eggs carried out by the Sanitary and Epidemiological

Services is limited to foci of incidence in humans. This determines the need for

constant monitoring of parasitic contamination of environmental objects on

urbanized territories of the northern part of Belarus. The article contains data on

the species diversity of helminths in domestic carnivores found in the soil of the

selected area. 813 soil samples were taken and analyzed. Twelve helminth genera

were identified, namely, Toxocara spp., Toxascaris spp., E. granulosus, Taenia spp.,

Dipylidium spp., Ancylostoma spp., Uncinaria spp., Strongyloides spp., Trichocephalus

spp., Capillaria spp., Mesocestoides sp., and Alaria sp., which belong to three classes,

Trematoda, Cestoda, and Nematoda. The highest prevalence in both urban and

rural areas was observed for representatives of the genus Toxocara. The helminth

species diversity in urban areas exceeded that in rural areas. The found species were

represented by bio- and geohelminths. Eight of the species found belong to the group

of zoonotic helminths: T. canis, T. leonina, D. caninum, A. caninum, U. stenocephala,

T. vulpis, E. granulosus, and A. alata.
BIODIVERSITY OF THE PARASITE FAUNA IN THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF ARMENIA AND THE LAKE SEVAN BASIN
Authors: Movsesyan S. O. , Petrosyan R. A. , Nikogosyan M. A. , Barsegyan R. E. , Terenina N. B. , Voronin M. V. , Vardanyan M. V.
Published: May 2023

The variety of parasite species, infection of domesticated animals (including cattle,

sheep, goats, rabbits, poultry, dogs and pigs), natural infection of biohelminths'

intermediate hosts (including terrestrial and freshwater mollusks, soil oribatid mites)

with helminth larvae, and the species composition of tick vectors of blood protozoan

diseases have been studied. The studies found the infection of the above animals with

the following helminth species: 4 trematode species Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica,

Dicrocoelium lanceatum, Paramphistomum sp., 13 nematode species Ascaris suum, A.

galli, Syngamus trachea, Capillaria caudinflata, Trichuris ovis, Tr. suis, Metastrongylus

elongatus, Chabertia sp., Haemonchus sp., Protostrongylus spp., Muellerius capillaris,

Dictyocaulus filaria, Cystocaulus nigrescens, 2 cestode species Moniezia expansa, M.

benedeni; 9 eimeria species Eimeria arloingi, E. intricata, E. stidae, E. magna, E.

perforans, E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. exigua; 3 Haemosporidia species Babesia

bigeminum, B. ovis, and B. canis; and 1 Leishmania species Leishmania tropica.

There were also detected 17 species of ticks, vectors of blood protozoan diseases of

animals, and intermediate hosts of moniezia were isolated. Two species of terrestrial

and 3 species of freshwater mollusks being as intermediate hosts of helminths were

recorded.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION BY PATHOGENS OF GEOHELMINTHIASIS IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF THE KURSK REGION
Authors: Samofalova N. A. , Malysheva N. S. , Vagin N. A.
Published: May 2023

Geohelminth infections are a complex and multifaceted problem that attracts the

attention of both medical doctors and veterinarians, as well as scientists. They

are the most common parasitic diseases. The annual number of recorded cases

of geohelminthiasis in humans in the Kursk Region and conditions conducive

to their spread have determined the timeliness of studies on contamination of

environmental objects with geohelminth eggs. Analysis of the study results showed

that the contamination of environmental objects with parasitic agents was 8.4%.

Ascaris and Toxocara eggs were recorded in the samples. 7.9% of the examined soil

samples, 13.7% of the manure and 3.7% of the runoff samples from the territories

were positive for pathogens of geohelminthiasis. Depending on the season of the

year, the indicators of environmental objects contaminated with geohelminth eggs

were not the same. There was an increase in contamination of the soil and runoff from territories almost twice in the autumn period (prevalence, 12.6%) as compared

with the summer period (EO 6.5%). Thus, environmental objects contaminated

by parasitic agents indicate the circulation of geohelminthiasis pathogens among

domestic animals in the study territories and a risk of infection with larval toxocariasis

and ascariasis for the population.
OVOCIDAL ACTIVITY OF THE COMBINED DRUG AGAINST TOXOCARA CANIS EGGS IN AN IN VITRO LABORATORY EXPERIMENT
Authors: Safiullin R. T.
Published: May 2023

To control helminth infections in carnivores, scientists and practitioners have

proposed a number of drugs and agents against both endogenous and exogenous

stages. The problem of toxocariasis in carnivores continues to pose challenges for

researchers, namely, to improve measures to control the exogenous stage of egg

development. Of the modern drugs used against the exogenous stages of Toxocara

egg development in carnivores, we should note chlorine-, phenol-, iodine-, caustic

alkalis-based drugs and others which are mostly monovalent and do not meet the

requirements of veterinary practice in terms of their efficacy. Based on the above,

we set ourselves the task of testing the ovocidal activity of the combined agent

Сystodesis consisting of glutaraldehyde, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride,

isopropyl alcohol, and polyethylene glycol-400 against Toxocara canis eggs in an

in vitro laboratory experiment. The combined agent of disinvasion Сystodesis at

3% concentration showed 94.06% intense-effectiveness in an in vitro laboratory

experiment against Toxocara canis eggs. The intense-effectiveness of the test agent at

4 and 5% concentrations against Toxocara eggs in dogs was 100%. The comparator

4% phenol provided 86.5% intense-effectiveness.
CULTURE OF EIMERIA SPP. OOCYSTS OF TURKEY POULTS AND THEIR SPECIES IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Safiullin R. T. , Chalysheva E. I.
Published: May 2023

In our country, in recent years, much attention has been paid to the development of

poultry meat production, especially turkey breeding. In the conditions of industrial

turkey breeding, when a large number of poultry is kept in a limited area, there is a

high risk of parasitic diseases, one of which is eimeriosis. Knowledge of the species

composition of Eimeria on a particular poultry farm is of great practical importance

for the reasonable development of effective methods to control invasion and to

monitor Eimeria resistance to the drugs used. Eimeria species were identified after

the end of sporulation. To assess the course of sporulation of Eimeria oocysts during

their cultivation, at least 500 oocysts were examined from each Petri dish every six

hours under a high magnification microscope (x400) paying special attention to

their morphology. When examining and studying litter samples 24 hours after they

were put on cultivation, sporulated Eimeria oocysts of turkeys were detected in all six

dishes in 37.8% to 60.6% of those examined, and the average rate was 51.6%. At 48

hours after the start of cultivation, the average Eimeria sporulation rate was 83.4%.

The results of species identification of Eimeria oocysts showed that the following

Eimeria species were found in young turkeys on the poultry farm of the Tula Region:

Eimeria meleagrimitis (60.0%), E. gallopavonis (25.0%), E. meleagridis (10.0%), and

E. adenoides (5.0%).
CHANGES IN SOME VALUES ON THE HEMOGRAM IN THE CHRONIC PHASE OF OPISTHORCHIASIS IN THE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Sidelnikova A. A.
Published: May 2023

Deviations of hemogram values in distant periods of invasion in opisthorchiasis

are poorly studied, they are only usually studied in case of serious complications

of the disease. An experiment was carried out on sexually mature male rodents

(rabbits). The invasive dose for each animal in the observation group was 50

metacercariae of Opisthorchis felineus (n=10). Clinically healthy male animals of

the same age and sex (n=10) were the control group. The leukogram was studied

after 30 months to assess the condition of the animals. Capillary blood smears

were fixed and stained by May-Grunwald and Romanowsky-Giemsa methods and

examined by light immersion microscopy manually using the meander method.

Statistical data processing was performed using the Microsoft Excel application

package by calculating the arithmetic mean with the standard error of the mean.

Analysis of intergroup data was performed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney

U-criterion for unrelated populations with non-normal distribution with p ≤ 0.05.

In an intergroup comparison of the data obtained, the number of lymphocytes in the

observation group was 1.35 less than the control; stab neutrophils were 5.8 less than

the control; the differences were statistically significant. The number of segmented

neutrophils in the observation group was 1.38 greater than the control (differences

were statistically insignificant), eosinophils were 9.6 greater and basophils were 12.3

greater, and differences were statistically significant. It was found that lymphopenia,

stab neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, eosinophilia and basophilia were observed

in the chronic phase of infection in the rabbits after 30 months.
CASES OF LEISHMANIASIS AMONG STRAY DOGS IN SETTLEMENTS OF THE SYUNIK AND ARARAT REGIONS OF ARMENIA
Authors: Slobodyanik R. V. , Zykova S. S. , Shcherbakov O. V.
Published: May 2023

Our research is devoted to the study of the prevalence of leishmaniasis (on the

example of identified cases) in stray dogs in the Syunik and Ararat Regions of

Armenia. In May 2022, in the settlements of the Syunik and Ararat Regions of the

Republic, we examined five stray dogs, outbred females aged from 6 months to 2

years for leishmaniasis. One dog was examined in the cities of Meghri, Kapan and in the village of Tegh, Syunik Region. Two dogs were examined in the village of

Yeraskh, Ararat Region. Our studies have shown that the invasion prevalence (IP) in

the population of stray dogs in the Syunik and Ararat Regions of Armenia is 100%.

The examined animals looked quite healthy and felt good. Skin lesions in the form

of epithelium desquamation on the nose were only recorded in one dog (20%) in

Kapan, Syunik Region. Thus, we confirmed that in the Syunik and Ararat Regions of

Armenia, a local natural focus of leishmaniasis is actively functioning, in the spread

of which stray dogs are actively involved, which indicates the circulation of parasites

in the study area and the possibility of infection of other animals and humans

through carriers. Prevention and control measures of leishmaniasis should include

measures to control the number of stray dogs, control the incidence in domestic dogs

using serological tests, and measures to destroy mosquito breeding sites.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAIN STRONGYLATA INFECTIONS OF HORSES IN THE PROVINCES OF THE ALTAI REPUBLIC
Authors: Smertina M. A. , Efremova E. A. , Marchenko V. A.
Published: May 2023

The research purpose was to study the distribution of the main Strongylata infections

of horses in the provinces of the Altai Republic. Infective larvae of strongylates after

their cultivation were isolated by the Berman-Orlov method and subsequently

identified taking into account morphometric characteristics. The ubiquitous

distribution of helminths of the suborder Strongylata with heterogeneity of infection

in ungulates was detected in the context of administrative districts and provinces.

In the provinces as a whole and in administrative districts, species of the family

Trichonematidae predominate, and their infection rate in horses significantly

exceeds the infection with other strongylates (IP, 64–99%). The infection rate

of nematodes of the family Strongylidae, including Strongylus, Alfortia and

Delafondia is 2–4 times smaller and is 31.9, 20.4 and 10.6%, respectively. On the

farms of the Southeastern Altai (Kosh-Agachsky District), the invasion of ungulates

with strongylates in general including Trichonema, Alfortia and Delafondia is 2-10

times lower than in other districts of the Republic and amounts to 59.6, 51.6, 4.8

and 3.2%, respectively. The sharp difference in the infection of animals in this region in our opinion is mainly associated with the topographic and landscape features of

the area and is due to the low heat supply and aridity of the climate in most of the

territory.
FEATURES OF POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTICERCOSIS IN LIVESTOCK ANIMALS AT ENTERPRISES OF VARIOUS TYPES
Authors: Talovskaya O. B. , Shelepova O. A. , Udaltsov E. A. , Zubareva I. M.
Published: May 2023

The article highlights some features of the long-term dynamics of infection of

livestock animals with cysticercosis. Significant differences are shown in the

detection of cysticercosis in pigs and cattle in postmortem diagnostics at enterprises

of various types. An analysis of the epizootic situation on cysticercosis of livestock

animals was carried out using materials from the veterinary and sanitary examination

of raw materials and products of animal origin (Form 5-vet) for 2009–2020. The infection of animals with Cysticercus cellulosaе and Cysticercus bovis was assessed

using the conventional method. It was established that the Novosibirsk Region was

contaminated with cysticercosis of livestock animals. Finnosis of cattle is recorded

annually with infection rate varying from 0.09 to 0.01%, however, cysticercosis of

pigs has been detected since 2018. The average cysticercosis infection rate in cattle

and pigs was 0.03 and 0.005%, respectively. The leading role in the postmortem

diagnostics of finnosis in cattle belongs to meat processing plants. During the

research period at meat processing plants, slaughterhouses and markets, 814, 59 and

93 cases of finnosis in cattle were identified respectively, which was 84.0, 6.0 and

10.0%. Cysticercosis of pigs is more often recorded at slaughterhouses (53.0%) and

markets (47.0% of carcasses).
THE RELEVANCE OF MOLECULAR GENETIC METHODS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF LARVAL HELMINTH INFECTIONS (DIROFILARIASIS, ECHINOCOCCOSIS)
Authors: Telicheva V. O. , Nagorniy S. A. , Kiosova Yu. V. , Ermakova L. A. , Strelnikova G. V. , Kornienko I. V.
Published: May 2023

Larval helminth infections remain a serious medical and social economic problem

in many countries of the world, and the Russian Federation is no exception in this

respect. Methods of direct diagnostics require highly qualified laboratory specialists.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can become an alternative to the method of

morphological identification of helminths. We have selected and synthesized

oligonucleotide primers based on known sequences of the species Dirofilaria repens

and D. immitis; for E. granulosus; and for E. multilocularis. The sensitivity and

specificity of the developed primers for D. repens and D. immitis has been confirmed

in practice. We identified biological material from different biotopes from 2 patients.

Both causative agents were identified as D. repens by two methods. To diagnose

echinococcosis, we selected and synthesized 3 pairs of original specific primers

for a fragment of the mtDNA-COI gene to detect Echinococcus spp. DNA; for E.

granulosus and E. multilocularis. Based on the results of the performed work, an

Application for an invention was executed and sent. The parallel application of two

methods for the study of biological material minimizes diagnostic errors of larval

helminth infections.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF AN INSECTICIDAL PREPARATION BASED ON PAECILOMYCES FUMOSOROSEA AGAINST ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE MELOIDOGYNE ARENARIA
Authors: Udalova Zh. V. , Butorina N. N. , Zinovieva S. V.
Published: May 2023

The efficacy of a commercial insecticidal preparation based on Paecilomyces

fumosorosea, Pecilomycin PM116, against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne

arenaria) was evaluated on tomatoes. A comparison was made with biological

(Nematophagin) and chemical (Vydate 5G) nematicides. Pecilomycin and

Nematophagin did not suppress the development of plants, their weight and size

were at the level of healthy controls. The analysis of photosynthetic pigments showed

that the chlorophyll b level, the sum of chlorophylls and carotenoids when the root

system was treated with Pecilomycin was comparable to healthy controls. Despite the fact that the plants treated with Pecilomycin were completely infected, their infection

rate was 1.27 times lower than the controls, and single galls were only present on the

roots. The treatment of the roots with Pecilomycin did not significantly affect the

number and size of galls; the females in them were at the control level; however, the

number of eggs in oothecae was 1.5 times less. Thus, Pecilomycin has an inhibitory

effect on the root-knot nematode and a beneficial effect on the tomato plant. Further

research and search for new strains of P. fumosorosea with high virulence against one

or more pests opens up opportunities for the creation of new bionematicides.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF GASTROS AND AVT-L TYPE DEVICES FOR TRICHINELLOSIS DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Uspensky A. V. , Napisanova L. A. , Zhdanova O. B. , Andreyanov O. N. , Malysheva N. S.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the research is to compare diagnostic and design characteristics of

Gastros and AVT-L devices in order to determine the prospects for improving the

veterinary and sanitary examination of carcasses with trichinellosis. Taking into account the requirements for ensuring the safety of food products, in particular

meat and meat products, special requirements are imposed on the quality of

trichinelloscopic control in the conditions of veterinary diagnostic laboratories of

meat processing enterprises, markets and slaughterhouses. For this purpose, a fairly

wide range of devices is used for both compressor trichinelloscopy and peptolysis

of muscle tissue. Comparative tests were carried out for Gastros of Petrolaser LLC

and AVT-L (VNIIP) type devices used for this purpose. In the process of work, we

analyzed the features of the examination technology, the structural elements of the

devices and the diagnostic efficiency. In general, the devices met the requirements

of the veterinary and sanitary examination for trichinellosis in various production

conditions, however, their design for manufacturability had significant differences.

With equal diagnostic efficiency, the devices have significant design differences

regarding the type of thermal stabilization, automation, control systems for the

duration of the peptolysis and settling of the medium, and the dimensions of the

devices. According to these parameters, Gastros is more promising at the present

time. AVT-L requires some improvements.
SIGNIFICANCE OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSKS IN THE FORMATION OF DICROCELIASIS FOCI IN THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA
Authors: Bagaeva U. V. , Salbieva A. R.
Published: May 2023

The Republic of North Ossetia Alania remains contaminated by a number of

trematode infections including dicroceliasis. The infection rate of cattle is on average

53% in the Republic. Five hundred twenty-six specimens of terrestrial mollusks were

collected by the route method in various biocenoses of the foothill zone located at

an altitude of 530 – 850 m above sea level. Fourteen species were identified. The

dissections revealed that dicroceliasis foci were maintained and function with the

involvement of two species of terrestrial mollusks in stock routes and pastures of

the studied zone. According to the laboratory studies, infection of the mollusk

Helicella derbentina (Kryn.) with the trematode larvae was 5.1%. Five of 98 dissected

specimens were infected. The infection rate in Chondrula tridens (Mull.) was 4.6%.

During the helminthological study of 87 specimens of this species, dicrocelia larvae

were found in 4. According to preliminary data, such species of the studied terrestrial

mollusks as Succinea pfeifferi (Rossm.), Cochlicopa lubrica (Műll.), Euomphalia

ravergieri (Fer.), Euomphalia selecta (Klika), and Fruticocampylaea narzanensis

(Kryn.) identified in stock routes and pastures of the foothill zone do not participate

in the development cycle of the trematode Dicrocoelium lanceatum. Further research

is required.
FORMATION OF THE PARASITE FAUNA IN THE TURKMENIAN KULAN REACLIMATIZED IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Berkinbay O. B. , Omarov B. B. , Suleimenov M. Zh. , Jussupbekova N. M. , Berdikulov M. A. , Tuganbay A. , Barbol B. I.
Published: May 2023

Since 1953, Kazakhstan has been working on the acclimatization of the kulan. For

the first time, two species of protozoa (Eimeria hemionus, Eimeria pinaevae) were

recorded in the kulan 30 years ago. In the present work, three helminth species (Alfortia edentatus, Strongylus equinus, Strongyloides westeri) were identified in the kulan, which were not previously observed in it. Three fecal samples from kulans that

were kept in the Ile-Balkhash State Nature Reserve were delivered to the parasitology laboratory. The material was processed according to the Fülleborn method. It

is known that Eimeria have strict host specificity, that is, animals can only become

infected with certain types of Eimeria. Perhaps during acclimatization, kulans could

bring these parasites from the reserve of Turkmenistan. Helminths (Alfortia edentatus, Strongylus equinus) could infect kulans in a new habitat where they graze along

with horses. At the same time, the living conditions are the same for both species of

animals. Geohelminths Strongyloides westeri are able to reproduce outside the animal body. Infection occurs in an alimentary way. At the same time, kulans could become infected with them during their rest. It is probable that new species of parasites

will be registered in kulans in the coming years.
General Expenses in the Provision of Public Health Services in Hospitals
Authors:   Russian Research Institute of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Obukhova O.V. , Bogomazova A.S. ,   Russian Research Institute of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2023

Specific expenses for general business needs as a part of the basic standard cost rate for a public service in the healthcare sector reflect the costs for the infrastructure facility itself, including the area of subdivisions of medical organizations in which a public service is provided, the conditions for providing medical care, and the capacity of the medical organization. Calculation of costs for this part of the basic rate is usually carried out by the method of the most effective institution or by the median method. This leads to high differentiation of the value of the basic standard cost for the corresponding public service, and to artificial and unreasonable use of correction coefficients individualizing the costs of medical organizations, which contradicts to the state policy on control of efficiency of the use of budgetary funds. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for changing the methodology for accounting general expenses in the structure of the standard of financial costs for public health services on the example of the state service “Specialized medical care (except for high-tech medical care), not included in the basic program of compulsory medical insurance, according to the profile Phthisiology”, provided in hospital conditions.
Measuring the State Sector and Assessing Its Effectiveness: Approaches and Implications
Authors:   RANEPA, Moscow, Russian Federation, Abramov A.E. , Pershin A.A. ,   RANEPA, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chernova M.I. ,   RANEPA, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2023

Despite the increasing role of the state sector in the economies of many countries, the criteria and approaches to comparative analysis and evaluation of the performance of state-owned enterprises are still ambiguous, as are the methods for cross-country comparisons of the scale of state presence in the economy. The purpose of the article is to systematize the main approaches to measurement of the size of the state sector using Russian economy as an example, as well as to substantiate the significance of this information in assessing the performance of companies with different forms of ownership in the investment and managerial decision-making process. The problems of the information environment, such as the fragmentation of data, incomplete publication of company reports, and the specifics of national databases in different countries, complicate and distort empirical research. Meanwhile, there are significant differences in the performance of state-owned and private companies, as well as in their investment attractiveness to investors in the financial market. International approaches to solving these problems consist in the formation of consolidated and unified databases, inclusion of stateowned companies in the system of national accounts, and creation of guidelines on uniform principles of transparency and accessibility of financial reports. Given the growing restrictions on access to information along with the trend towards the growth of the state sector in Russia, there is an increasing need to develop a unified methodology to measure its scale and assess its impact on the economy, investment and stock market. The proposed methodology and the obtained empirical results allow not only to comprehensively assess the contribution of the state sector in creating GDP and increasing the capitalization of the stock market, but also to conduct comparative studies of performance indicators and stock returns in companies with different ownership structure, as well as an international empirical analysis of the state sector impact on the economies and the financial and economic performance of companies.
Longevity à la mode
Authors: Vázquez-Castillo Paola , Bergeron-Boucher Marie-Pier , Missov Trifon I.
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND The modal age at death (mode) is an important indicator of longevity, that is associated with different mortality regularities. Accurate estimates of the mode are essential, but existing methods are not always able to provide them. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to develop a method to estimate the modal age at death, using its mathematical properties, in an assumptions-free setting. METHODSThe mode maximizes the density of the age-at-death distribution. In addition, at the mode, the rate of aging equals the force of mortality. Using these properties, we developed a discrete procedure to estimate the mode. We compare our estimates with those of other models.RESULTS Both the modal age at death and the rate of aging have been increasing since 1960 in low-mortality countries. The method we suggest produces close estimates to the ones generated by the P-splines smoothing. CONCLUSIONSThe modal age at death plays a central role in estimating progress in longevity, quantifying mortality postponement, and estimating the rate of aging. The novel method proposed here allows for a simple and assumptions-free estimation of the modal age at death, which fulfills its mathematical properties and is not computationally demanding.CONTRIBUTION Our research was motivated by James W. Vaupel, who wanted to find a way to estimate the mode based on its mathematical properties as a part of one of his latest research grants. This article also expands on some of his last research papers that link the modal age at death for populations to the one for individuals.
Travel pictures authenticity
Authors: Zhou Meng , Lu Xiaoli , Wang Bin
Published: May 2023

The existing research has paid limited attention to the authenticity of travel pictures in virtual space. Drawing on space production theory, this study explores the social construction process of landscape alienation of travel pictures, as well as authenticity negotiation and flow mechanisms. With the Red platform as an example, combining netnography and interviews with platform stakeholders, the study finds that landscape alienation is driven by various forces on social media that jointly manipulate bloggers' posting behavior to maximize commercial gains rather than share authentic experiences. The interactions between and evolution of landscape alienation, media cognition, and embodied experiences arising from the multi-subject game in social media space determine authenticity negotiation and flow. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
Sekilas Hukum Kesehatan di Indonesia, Malaysia, Jerman
Authors: Budiarsih Budiarsih
Published: May 2023

Penulis berharap buku ini bisa menambah wawasan yang berkaitan dengan hukum kesehatan pada tiga negara tersebut, perbandingan ketiga negara tersebut tentunya bisa dijadikan referensi serta memahami kekurangan dan kelebihan dari masing masing negara. Penulis juga berharap semoga buku ini bisa diterima dengan baik dan bisa berguna baik bagi pembaca maupun bagi penulis. Penulis menyadari masih banyak kekurangan dalam penyusunan buku ini. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari pembaca sebagai masukan yang membangun untuk perbaikan kedepannya
Differential expression of HOXA10 in cancer of the cervix.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2023

Almost all cervical cancers are caused by infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) (1-3); the transcriptional features that distinguish the gene expression programs of HPV-induced cancers from that of cancers resulting from non-viral abrogation of tumor suppression remain incompletely defined. We mined public and published microarray datasets (4, 5) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with the most common type of cervical cancer, cervical squamous cell carcinoma. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding homeobox A10, HOXA10, when comparing tumor tissue from the human cervix to the tissue of origin. HOXA10 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the cervix as compared to normal tissues from the cervix. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of HOXA10 in tumors of the cervix was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with cervical cancer. HOXA10 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of cancer of the cervix in humans.
Profesional Guru Dalam Pembelajaran Di Sekolah
Authors: Firdaus Akhmad Maulana
Published: May 2023

Dunia pendidikan Indonesia mempunyai banyak guru atau tenanga pendidik, namun tidak banyak guru yang mengetahui bagaimana kinerja guru profesional. Guru memiliki peran strategis dalam bidang pendidikan, bahkan sumber daya pendidikan lain yang memadai sering kali kurang berarti apabila tidak didukung oleh guru yang berkualitas, dan begitu juga sebaliknya. Guru yang paham mengenai kinerja guru profesional dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dijenjang sekolah. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah menjelaskan dan mengimplementasikan profesional guru dalam pembelajaran di skolah agar menghasilkan peserta didik yang baik dan berkualitas. Metode yang digunakan ialah pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data berdasarkan karya ilmiah yang bersumber dari observasi, wawancara, dan dokomentasi dari para peneliti dan penulis. Tehnik pengumpulan data bersumber dari artikel, makalah, dan karya ilmiah lainya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan definisi dan implementasi atau penerapan profesional guru dalam pembelajaran di sekolah. Guru yang profesional memiliki syarat, faktor-faktor dan tata cara penerapan agar dapat mendidik murid melalui pembelajaran di sekolah. Profesional guru dalam pembelajaran di sekolah akan menentukan hasil dari pendidikan yang di dapatkan peserta didik khususnya di sekolah.
Peranan Guru Profesional DiIndonesia
Authors: Shofi Gina
Published: May 2023

Guru merupakan sosok yang begitu dihormati karena memiliki sumbangan yang cukup besar terhadap kcberhasilan pembelajaran di sekolah. Guru sangat berperan dalam membantu perkembangan peserta didik untuk mencapai kemampuan optimalnya. Maka dari itu artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskanPeranan Guru Profesional DiIndonesia .Dalam artikel ini menggunakan 15 jurnal yang menjelaskan Peranan Guru Profesional DiIndonesia.Penulisan yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah studi literatur dengan memanfaatkan jurnal ilmiah,ebook,dan beberapa sumber lainnya.Dalam hal pembelajaran, guru dituntut mampu meningkatkan kesempatan belajar bagi siswanya dan meningkatkan mutu mengajarnya secara signifikan. Guru professional adalah seseorang yang profesinya mengajar dan mengandalkan suatu keahlian yang tinggi dalam bidang tugasnya sebagai pendidk-pengajar. Guru profesional memiliki kemampuan melaksanakan tugas-tugas keprofesionalannya secara tepat guna dan berhasil guna dengan menjalankan tugas utamanya sebagai pendidik, pengajar, pembimbing, pengarah, pelatih, penilai dan pengevalusi peserta didik pada pendidikan anak usia dini jalur pendidikan formal, pendidikan dasar dan menengah. Guru profesional dituntut memiliki kompetensi guru seperti yang dituangkan dalam UUGD Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 yaitu kompetensi kepribadian, pedagogik, profesional dan kompetensi sosial. Sikap profesional guru terwujud dalam bentuk berperilaku, bertindak terpuji dan teruji dalam melaksanakan tugas keprofesiannya, serta mampu mengendalikan dirinya yang terekspresi melalui sikap mental spiritual, sehingga selalu berbuat berdasarkan nilai-nilai moral, prinsip-prinsip hidup, dan berperilaku religius sesuai agama dan kepecayaan yang dianutnya. Guru dituntut mampu menjalankan tugas-tugas utamanya yaitu tugas profesi/professional, tugas kemanusiaan dan tugas kemasyarakatan. Guru harus dapat menjalankan peran utamanya sebagai pendidik pengajar, admimnistrator sekolah, pribadi, dan psikologis. Guru professional dituntut memiliki tanggungjawab intelektual, profesi, sosial, moral spiritual dan tanggung jawab pribadi.
Features of the Mansi language writing
Authors: Kosheliuk Natalia
Published: May 2023

The article examines the features of the writing of the Mansi language, highlights the history of its origin, as well as the current state of the Mansi script.
Philosophical Comedy in the Garden of Psychology: A Look at the Book "From Khayyam to Yalom"
Authors: Ghojogh Benyamin
Published: May 2023

This paper is a look at the valuable book "From Khayyam to Yalom" by Dr. Soroush Dabbagh, one of the important Iranian philosophers. This article discusses that book and the existential opinions of various philosophers, phycologists, and thinkers including Soroush Dabbagh, Irvin Yalom, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Baruch Spinoza, Arthur Schopenhauer, Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, Martin Seligman, Epicurus, Stoics, Sohrab Sepehri, Shams Tabrizi, and Mostafa Malekian. The paper discusses various existential and metaphysic topics such as meaning of life, death, solitude, freedom and responsibility, Stoicism, eudaimonic and hedonic happiness, and belief.
Differential expression of PHKA1 in cancer of the cervix.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2023

Almost all cervical cancers are caused by infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) (1-3); the transcriptional features that distinguish the gene expression programs of HPV-induced cancers from that of cancers resulting from non-viral abrogation of tumor suppression remain incompletely defined. We mined public and published microarray datasets (4, 5) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with the most common type of cervical cancer, cervical squamous cell carcinoma. We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit alpha 1, PHKA1, when comparing tumor tissue from the human cervix to the tissue of origin. PHKA1 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the cervix as compared to normal tissues from the cervix. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of PHKA1 in tumors of the cervix was correlated with overall survival in patients with cervical cancer. PHKA1 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of cancer of the cervix in humans.
The Multidisciplinary Roots of Higher Education Research: An Analysis of Citation Patterns
Authors: Lovakov Andrey , Yudkevich Maria
Published: May 2023

Researchers in higher education (HE) are a community of academics with backgrounds and experiences in a variety of scientific disciplines. For this reason, HE research is influenced by other disciplines from which HE researchers take theories, constructs and research methods. This article describes a large-scale analysis of the impact of different scientific fields on HE research. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the influences of psychology, sociology & political science, and economics as the disciplines that have the greatest impact on HE research. To assess this impact, we analyse citation patterns in seven key HE journals. Our empirical analysis confirms that HE research is indeed a multidisciplinary field and experiences a different impact of identified scientific fields for HE articles of different topics. We analyse the dynamics of such an impact and discuss the factors that may cause the growth of multidisciplinarity in HE research.
PERPAJAKAN : REVIEW ARTIKEL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CHAT GPT
Authors: Kristanti Linda
Published: May 2023

Pajak adalah pungutan wajib dari masyarakat untuk pemerintah/negara yang digunakan untuk membiayai pembangunan dan kepentingan bernegara. Oleh karena itu, pajak merupakan salah satu anggaran pendapat terbesar bagi suatu negara. Yang dapat dikatakan bahwa ada kesalaahan dalam pemungutan pajak akan menjadi masalah dalam pembangunan negara tersebut. Dalam review artikel ini menjelaskan mengenai pajak dan keuangan ekonomi. Penulis menggunakan teknologi AI yang disebut CHAT GPT dari Open Ai yang dapat memberikan Informasi yang cukup relevan. Penulis juga mengetahui kerja AI yang terbatas dan memeriksa ulang kerja AI.
Peran Teknologi dalam Mendukung Perkembangan Profesionalisme Guru di Era Revolusi 5.0
Authors: Ariyazi
Published: May 2023

Revolution 5.0 merupakan era yang menuntut perubahan signifikan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan, termasuk pendidikan. Sebagai pengajar, guru dituntut untuk mempersiapkan siswa dalam menghadapi perubahan yang semakin kompleks dan cepat. Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat menjadi salah satu solusi dalam menghadapi tantangan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran teknologi dalam mendukung perkembangan profesionalisme guru di era Revolusi 5.0. Selain itu, teknologi juga memberikan kemudahan bagi guru dalam mengakses informasi terkait perkembangan terbaru dalam bidang pendidikan dan mengembangkan kemampuan profesional mereka. Berbagai platform e-learning dan forum diskusi online memungkinkan guru untuk saling berbagi kemampuan personal guru untuk mendukung perkembangan profesionalisme guru di era Revolusi 5.0. pengalaman, mengakses materi pembelajaran, serta mengikuti pelatihan dan sertifikasi secara online.Namun, penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan teknologi tidak dapat sepenuhnya menggantikan peran guru sebagai pendidik. Guru tetap harus memiliki kemampuan interpersonal dan kemampuan memahami kebutuhan siswa secara individual. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada perpaduan antara penggunaan teknologi dan pengembangan kemampuan personal guru untuk mendukung perkembangan profesionalisme guru di era Revolusi 5.0.Kesimpulannya, teknologi memberikan dampak positif dalam mendukung perkembangan profesionalisme guru di era Revolusi 5.0. Namun, penggunaan teknologi tidak dapat sepenuhnya menggantikan peran guru sebagai pendidik. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya perpaduan antara penggunaan teknologi dan pengembangan Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi dengan baik, guru dapat meningkatkan efektivitas proses pembelajaran dan memperbarui keterampilan dan kompetensi mereka sehingga dapat menghasilkan output yang lebih baik dan mempersiapkan siswa untuk memasuki dunia yang semakin terhubung secara teknologi.
Ambivalence in Stakeholders’ Views on Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Kacperski Celina , Kutzner Florian , Vogel Tobias
Published: May 2023

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are often discussed as a solution to pressing issues of the current transport systems, including congestion, safety, social inclusion and ecological sustainability. Scientifically, there isagreement that CAVs may solve, but can also aggravate these issues, depending on the specific CAV solution. In the current paper, we investigate the visions and worst-case scenarios of various stakeholders, including representatives of public administrations, automotive original equipment manufacturers, insurance companies, public transportation service providers, mobility experts and politicians. A qualitative analysis of 17 semi-structured interviews is presented. It reveals experts’ ambivalence towards the introduction of CAVs, reflecting high levels of uncertainty about CAV consequences, including issues of efficiency, comfort and sustainability, and concerns about co-road users such as pedestrians and cyclists. Implications of the sluggishness of policymakers to set boundary conditions and for the labor market are discussed. An open debate between policymakers, citizens and other stakeholders on how to introduce CAVs seems timely.
Social defeat and psychosis-related outcomes: Associative and experimental tests related to the nature of defeat, specificity of outcomes, and psychosis-proneness
Authors: Shovestul Bridget , Scharf Mars , Liu Gloria , Dodell-Feder David
Published: May 2023

Several forms of social defeat, including ostracism, discrimination, bullying, and related experiences, have been associated with psychotic disorders and experiences. The social defeat hypothesis of schizophrenia attempts to explain these associations by positing that chronic exclusion due to having outsider status leads to deleterious neurobiological changes that produce psychosis. Here, we test non-neurobiological tenants of this theory, including the relative impact of daily, real-world, chronic social defeat versus an acute, time-limited, experimentally-induced socially defeating experience (i.e., social exclusion), the moderating role of psychosis-proneness, and the specificity of social defeat on psychosis-related outcomes. We find that real-world, chronic, but not acute, time-limited, laboratory-based social defeat is associated with decreased trust, but not false-alarms on an auditory signal detection task. These associations were qualified by interactions that are in line with social reconnection (i.e., positive appraisals of social stimuli following exclusion). Real-world, chronic social defeat was also associated with delusion- and hallucination-proneness. Together, these data highlight the importance of daily, real-world forms of social defeat versus laboratory manipulations on specific psychosis-related outcomes.
Integrating Psychometric Analysis and Machine Learning to Augment Data for Cheating Detection in Large-Scale Assessment
Authors: Jiao Hong , Yadav Chandramani , Li Guiyu
Published: May 2023

Machine learning methods have been explored for cheating detection in large-scale assessment programs. While some studies analyzed item response and response time (RT) data, a few studies experimented with other data and data augmentation in cheating detection. However, none study has explored data augmentation integrating results from both psychometric analysis and machine learning for cheating detection though Kim et al. (2016) compared the results from these two perspectives. This study explored data augmentation in the stacking learning for cheating detection adding both person-fit measures from psychometric analysis and outlier measures from anomaly detection methods. An empirical data set from a high-stake large-scale testing program is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. Class imbalance is addressed via resampling. The performance of the proposed method is compared with alternative approaches. It is found the proposed data augmentation approach effectively increases the cheating detection accuracy with the highest F1 score compared with the values reported in similar studies.
Music and Emotion-Recognition: The Music Experience Factor
Authors: Kayne Joseph
Published: May 2023

Music is a powerful influencer. The ways in which people interpret music are determinative of how the music makes an individual feel and thus, how it influences them. The interpretation of emotion in music has been well-studied in musicology. This study seeks to investigate a specific under-researched factor of emotion recognition in music: the music experience of an individual. Utilizing the study design and musical clips laid out in Erola and Vuskoski, 10 clips of music were played for individuals with varying types and amounts of music experience. Participants ranked happiness, sadness, tenderness, fear, and anger, on a scale of 1-9. The data collected from the musicians' rankings in this study was compared with the nonmusicians in the Erola and Vuoskoski study. It was found that there was a statistical difference in how musicians versus nonmusicians ranked emotions in the same music clips. Further, the emotion of sadness was the most similarly ranked between the two groups. Differences between the types and amounts of music experience of participants were also analyzed but generally remained at the same degree of difference between musicians and nonmusicians.