bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Ytterbium Sulfides by the Sulfurization and Heat Treatment
Authors: Li Liang , Hirai Shinji , Yuan Hai Bin , Nakamura Eiji
Published: July 2015

Single-phase ytterbium sulfides (Yb2S3 and YbS) were synthesized by sulfurization of Yb2O3 with CS2 gas and heat treatments. Four kinds of Yb2O3 powders with different particle sizes and specific surface areas were employed as starting materials. When specific surface area of Yb2O3 powder is about 50 m2/g, a new polymorphic form Yb2S3 with an orthorhombic structure could be obtained by the sulfurization at 600°C for 8 hr. Single-phase hexagonal Yb2S3 was also synthesized form former three kinds of Yb2O3 powders by sulfurization above 1000 °C for 8 hr. Subsequently, the synthesized Yb2S3 powders were heat-treated under different conditions. Upon heat treatment at 1000 °C for 3 hr in Ar/CS2 atmosphere, orthorhombic Yb2S3 phase underwent phase transition to hexagonal Yb2S3 phase. Moreover, XRD results showed that orthorhombic Yb3S4 was main phase after heat treatment at 1050°C for 8 hr under Ar atmosphere and Yb2S3 disappeared upon prolonged (12 hr) heat treatment. Single Yb3S4 phase could be obtained after treatment at 1000 °C for 3 hr, or at 1200 °C for 1 hr, under vacuum (~1.2×10-3 Pa). YbS was formed upon treatment at 1200 °C for 5 hr. Single-phase YbS with a homogeneity range of YbS1.11-1.15 could be synthesized by treatment at 1500 °C for 3 hr. PartialYb2S3 transformed to Yb3S4 at 1300 °C for 1 hr by spark plasma sintering.
Effects of CaO-Li2O-K2O-Na2O Fluxing Agents on the Properties of Porcelain Ceramic Tiles
Authors: Zhou Jian Er , Liu Kun , Dong Wei Xia , Bao Qi Fu , Zhao Tian Gui , Wang Yong Qing
Published: July 2015

With the rapid development of the world's industrial, issues of energy and environment have increasingly been prominent. Currently, the cost of building ceramics production needs a large number of raw materials and fuel, how to save energy and reduce consumption in building ceramic process is still hot spot of domestic and international research and the main development trends. Reducing the sintering temperature is one of the most efficient ways for energy conservation and consumption. In order to reduce the sintering temperature, fluxing agents are often used in preparing ceramic products. In this paper, the ceramic green bodies were prepared by mixing clays, lithium China stone and grammite, equivalent to “K2O-Na2O-Li2O-CaO” normally used as fluxing agents. The effects of grammite on the properties of ceramic body were studied. The sintering behavior of the samples was evaluated by water absorption and bulk density. The fired samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and bending strength measurements. The results showed that the optimum sintering temperature range of 40 °C and bending strength of 60 MPa could be achieved in the presence of 3 wt % grammite. The obtained results are useful in low-temperature sintering porcelain ceramic application.
Fabrication and Property of Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics with Y2O3-Yb2O3 Additions
Authors: Cheng Chuan Bing , Fan Run Hua , Yan Ke Lan , Sun Kai , Chen Min , Hou Qing , Li Qian Qian
Published: July 2015

Wave-transparent porous Si3N4 ceramics were fabricated using 9wt% multiple sintering additives of Y2O3 and Yb2O3. The influence of sintering additive composition on the porosity, mechanical properties and microstructure of porous Si3N4 ceramics was investigated. The results showed that the porous Si3N4 ceramics with porosity ranging from 32% to 43% were prepared. For the porous Si3N4 ceramics sintered at 1690°C, flexural strength, fracture toughness and the β-Si3N4 phase content increased as the Yb2O3 content of multiple sintering additives increased from 0 to 9 wt%. In most specimens, microstructures with interlocked fibrous β-Si3N4 grains and uniformly distributed fine pores were obtained with employing scanning electron microscopic examination and X ray diffraction analysis. Sinterability and phase transformation of Si3N4 with more Yb2O3 content were more pronounced than others.
Physician Gender and Lifestyle Counselling to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: A Nationwide Representative Study
Authors: Diehl Katharina , Gansefort Dirk , Herr Raphael M. , Görig Tatiana , Bock Christina , Mayer Manfred , Schneider Sven
Published: July 2015

Background

Primary care physicians (PCPs) have a key role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, it is not clear whether lifestyle counselling behaviour differs between female and male PCPs. Nonetheless, this information might be helpful to develop need-based advanced training for female and male PCPs. Therefore, our aim was to identify potential gender differences in the implementation of health promotion and the prevention of CVD in primary care.

Design and Methods

In a Germany-wide survey called the ÄSP-kardio Study, we collected data from 4074 PCPs (40% female; from October 2011 to March 2012). We compared the provision of prevention measures, the attitude towards counselling, and the potential barriers in counselling among female and male German PCPs. We used chi2 tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression analysis.

Results

We found differences in all of the above-mentioned aspects. Female PCPs were less likely to perceive barriers than male and more likely to ask patients about lifestyle, for example, nutrition (OR=1.62, P≤0.001). Additionally, female PCPs were more likely to feel well prepared (84.2% vs. 76.0%, P≤0.001) and successful (75.6% vs. 68.0%, P≤0.001). Male PCPs were more likely to mention barriers in daily practice that hinder lifestyle counselling.

Conclusions

Overall, both female and male PCPs had a positive attitude towards lifestyle counselling. Nevertheless, in view of the barriers that they indicated, incentives such as better reimbursement may help output-oriented PCPs to translate their positive attitude into action. Moreover, awareness of gender differences may help PCPs to acquire the specific advanced training that they need for effective lifestyle counselling in CVD.
Resilience to temperature and pH changes in a future climate change scenario in six strains of the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus
Authors: Pančić M. , Hansen P. J. , Tammilehto A. , Lundholm N.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The effects of ocean acidification and increased temperature on physiology of six strains of the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus from Greenland were investigated. Experiments were performed under manipulated pH levels (8.0, 7.7, 7.4, and 7.1) and different temperatures (1, 5, and 8 °C) to simulate changes from present to plausible future levels. Each of the 12 scenarios was run for 7 days, and a significant interaction between temperature and pH on growth was detected. By combining increased temperature and acidification, the two factors counterbalanced each other, and therefore no effect on the growth rates was found. However, the growth rates increased with elevated temperatures by ~ 20–50 % depending on the strain. In addition, a general negative effect of increasing acidification on growth was observed. At pH 7.7 and 7.4, the growth response varied considerably among strains. However, a more uniform response was detected at pH 7.1 with most of the strains exhibiting reduced growth rates by 20–37 % compared to pH 8.0. It should be emphasized that a significant interaction between temperature and pH was found, meaning that the combination of the two parameters affected growth differently than when considering one at a time. Based on these results, we anticipate that the polar diatom F. cylindrus will be unaffected by changes in temperature and pH within the range expected by the end of the century. In each simulated scenario, the variation in growth rates among the strains was larger than the variation observed due to the whole range of changes in either pH or temperature. Climate change may therefore not affect the species as such, but may lead to changes in the population structure of the species, with the strains exhibiting high phenotypic plasticity, in terms of temperature and pH tolerance towards future conditions, dominating the population.
Near‐Earth injection of MeV electrons associated with intense dipolarization electric fields: Van Allen Probes observations
Authors: Dai Lei , Wang Chi , Duan Suping , He Zhaohai , Wygant John R. , Cattell Cynthia A. , Tao Xin , Su Zhenpeng , Kletzing Craig , Baker Daniel N. , Li Xinlin , Malaspina David , Blake J. Bernard , Fennell Joseph , Claudepierre Seth , Turner Drew L. , Reeves Geoffrey D. , Funsten Herbert O. , Spence Harlan E. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Fruehauff Dennis , Chen Lunjin , Thaller Scott , Breneman Aaron , Tang Xiangwei
Published: July 2015

Substorms generally inject tens to hundreds of keV electrons, but intense substorm electric fields have been shown to inject MeV electrons as well. An intriguing question is whether such MeVelectron injections can populate the outer radiation belt. Here we present observations of a substorm injection of MeV electrons into the inner magnetosphere. In the premidnight sector at L ∼ 5.5, Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes)‐A observed a large dipolarization electric field (50 mV/m) over ∼40 s and a dispersionless injection of electrons up to ∼3 MeV. Pitch angle observations indicated betatron acceleration of MeV electrons at the dipolarization front. Corresponding signals of MeV electron injection were observed at LANL‐GEO, THEMIS‐D, and GOES at geosynchronous altitude. Through a series of dipolarizations, the injections increased the MeV electron phase space density by 1 order of magnitude in less than 3 h in the outer radiation belt (L > 4.8). Our observations provide evidence that deep injections can supply significant MeV electrons.
Generation of signals with specified second‐order properties for constrained systems
Authors: Larsson Christian A. , Hägg Per , Hjalmarsson Håkan
Published: July 2015

This contribution considers the problem of realizing an input signal with a desired autocorrelation sequence satisfying both input and output constraints for the system it is to be applied to. This is an important problem in system identification, firstly, because the quality and accuracy of the identified model are highly dependent on the excitation signal used during the experiment and secondly, because on real processes, it is often important to constrain the input and output of the process because of actuator saturation and safety considerations. The signal generation is formulated as a model predictive controller with probabilistic constraints to make the algorithm robust to model uncertainties and process noise. The corresponding optimization problem is then solved with tools from scenario‐based stochastic optimization. To reduce the model uncertainties, the method is made adaptive where a new model of the system and its uncertainties are reidentified. The algorithm is successfully applied to a simulation example and in a practical experiment for the identification of a quadruple tank lab process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of Heterodiatomic SiC Through Ligand Donation: Theoretical Investigation of SiC(L)2 (L=NHCMe, CAACMe, PMe3)
Authors: Andrada Diego M. , Frenking Gernot
Published: July 2015

Quantum chemical calculations have been carried out at the BP86/TZ2P+ level for the compounds SiC(L)2 with L=NHCMe, CAACMe, PMe3 (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene, CAAC=cyclic (alkyl)aminocarbene). The optimized geometries exhibit a trans arrangement of the ligands L at SiC with a planar coordination when L=NHCMe and PMe3, while a twisted conformation is calculated when L=CAACMe. The bending angle L‐Si‐C is significantly more acute than the angle L‐C‐Si. Both angles become wider with the trend PMe3<NHCMe<CAACMe. The latter trend is also found for the bond dissociation energies of the reaction SiC(L)2→SiC+2 L, which have absolute values between De=98–163 kcal mol−1. Calculations suggest that the compounds SiC(L)2 have a very large first and second proton affinity, which takes place at the central carbon and silicon atoms, respectively. Energy decomposition analyses indicate that the best description of the bonding situation in SiC(L)2 features a cumulenic carbon–carbon bond and a dative carbon–silicon bond LCSi←L at the center.
Agent Orange Exposure and 2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐Dioxin (TCDD) in Human Milk
Authors: Scialli Anthony R. , Watkins Deborah K. , Ginevan Michael E.
Published: July 2015

Agent Orange was sprayed in parts of southern Vietnam during the U.S.‐Vietnam war and was a mixture of two chlorophenoxy herbicides. The mixture was contaminated with 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD). TCDD and other dioxins and furans are measurable in the milk of Vietnamese women. We explored whether the TCDD in milk from these women was from Agent Orange and whether lactational exposure can be a mode of transgenerational effects of TCDD from Agent Orange. A review of the world's literature on milk concentrations of polychlorinated compounds showed the presence of TCDD and other dioxins and furans in all countries that have been assessed. The congener profile of these chemicals, that is, the proportion of different congeners in the sample, can be used to assess the source of milk contamination. Measurements in most countries, including contemporary measurements in Vietnam, are consistent with non‐Agent Orange exposure sources, including industrial activities and incineration of waste. Models and supporting human data suggest that TCDD from breastfeeding does not persist in a child past adolescence and that the adult body burden of TCDD is independent of whether the individual was breast‐ or bottle‐fed as a child. These findings suggest that exposure to Agent Orange in Vietnam did not result in persistent transgenerational exposure through human milk
Quantitative and antioxidative behavior of Trolox in rats’ blood and brain by HPLC‐UV and SMFIA‐CL methods
Authors: Wada Mitsuhiro , Wada Misato , Ikeda Rie , Fuchigami Yuki , Koyama Hironari , Ohkawara Susumu , Kawakami Shigeru , Kuroda Naotaka , Nakashima Kenichiro
Published: July 2015

Trolox, a water‐soluble vitamin E analogue has been used as a positive control in Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity assays due to its high antioxidative effect. In this study, the ex vivo antioxidative effects of Trolox and its concentration in blood and brain microdialysates from rat after administration were evaluated by newly established semi‐microflow injection analysis, chemiluminescence detection and HPLC‐UV. In the administration test, the antioxidative effect of Trolox in blood and brain microdialysates after a single administration of 200 mg/kg of Trolox to rats could be monitored. The antioxidative effects in blood (12.0 ± 2.1) and brain (8.4 ± 2.1, × 103 antioxidative effect % × min) also increased. Additionally, the areas under the curve (AUC)s0–360 (n = 3) for blood and brain calculated with quantitative data were 10.5 ± 1.2 and 9.7 ± 2.5 mg/mL × min, respectively. This result indicates that Trolox transferability through the blood–brain barrier is high. The increase in the antioxidative effects caused by Trolox in the blood and brain could be confirmed because good correlations between concentration and antioxidative effects (r ≥ 0.702) were obtained. The fact that Trolox can produce an antioxidative effect in rat brain was clarified. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enterocin A mutants identified by saturation mutagenesis enhance potency towards vancomycin‐resistant Enterococci
Authors: McClintock Maria K. , Kaznessis Yiannis N. , Hackel Benjamin J.
Published: July 2015

Vancomycin‐resistant Enterococci infections are a significant clinical problem. One proposed solution is to use probiotics, such as lactic acid bacteria, to produce antimicrobial peptides at the site of infection. Enterocin A, a class 2a bacteriocin, exhibits inhibitory activity against E. faecium and E. faecalis, which account for 86% of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococci infections. In this study, we aimed to engineer enterocin A mutants with enhanced potency within a lactic acid bacterial production system. Peptide mutants resulting from saturation mutagenesis at sites A24 and T27 were efficiently screened in a 96‐well plate assay for inhibition of pathogen growth. Several mutants exhibit increased potency relative to wild‐type enterocin A in both liquid‐ and solid‐medium growth assays. In particular, A24P and T27G exhibit enhanced inhibition of multiple strains of E. faecium and E. faecalis, including clinically isolated vancomycin‐resistant strains. A24P and T27G enhance killing of E. faecium 8 by 13 ± 3‐ and 18 ± 4‐fold, respectively. The engineered enterocin A/lactic acid bacteria systems offer significant potential to combat antibiotic‐resistant infections. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 414–423. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Innovative use of platinum compounds to selectively detect live microorganisms by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Soejima Takashi , Minami Jun‐ichi , Xiao Jin‐zhong , Abe Fumiaki
Published: July 2015

PCR cannot distinguish live microorganisms from dead ones. To circumvent this disadvantage, ethidium/propidium‐monoazide (EMA/PMA) and psoralen to discriminate live from dead bacteria have been used for 2 decades. These methods require the use of numerous laborious procedures. We introduce an innovative method that uses platinum compounds, which are primarily used as catalysts in organic chemistry and partly used as anti‐cancer drugs. Microorganisms are briefly exposed to platinum compounds in vivo, and these compounds penetrate dead (compromised) microorganisms but not live ones and are chelated by chromosomal DNA. The use of platinum compounds permits clear discrimination between live and dead microorganisms in water and milk (including Cronobacter sakazakii and Escherichia coli) via PCR compared with typically used PMA. This platinum‐PCR method could enable the specific detection of viable coliforms in milk at a concentration of 5–10 CFU mL−1 specified by EU/USA regulations after a 4‐h process. For sample components, environmental water contains lower levels of PCR inhibitors than milk does, and milk is similar to infant formula, skim milk and blood; thus, the use of the platinum‐PCR method could also prevent food poisoning due to the presence of C. sakazakii in dairy products. This method could provide outstanding rapidity for use in environmental/food/clinical tests. Platinum‐PCR could also be a substitute for the typical culture‐based methods currently used. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 301–310. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient Removal of Bisphenol A by an Advanced Photocatalytic Oxidation‐type UV/H2O2/Fe‐loaded TiO2 System
Authors: Kang Sora , Do Jeong Yeon , Jo Seung Won , Kim Kang Min , Jeong Kyung Mi , Park Sun‐Min , Kang Misook
Published: July 2015

This study focuses on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of bisphenol A (BPA) when H2O2
is used. Based on the Fenton oxidation reaction, Fe ions (3.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mol%) loaded on the external surface of TiO2
nano‐sized materials as a photocatalyst were synthesized using a common solvothermal/impregnation hybrid method. With increasing Fe ion loading, the light absorption shifted to a longer wavelength, indicating shorter bandgaps, and the photoluminescence (PL) intensities decreased dramatically. The photocatalytic activities of two systems, namely a UV/photocatalytic system and an advanced photocatalytic oxidation‐type UV/H2O2
/photocatalytic system, were compared using two types of catalysts, TiO2
and Fe‐TiO2
. Slightly more BPA molecules decomposed in the UV/TiO2
photocatalytic system than the UV/Fe‐TiO2
system. On the other hand, the level of BPA destruction was significantly higher in the UV/H2O2
/Fe‐TiO2
system. In particular, BPA molecules at 10.0 ppm were removed completely after only 2 h in the UV/H2O2
/5.0 mol% Fe‐TiO2
photocatalytic system. These results confirm that the added H2O2
promotes the BPA oxidation on the Fe‐loaded TiO2
catalytic system.
Recognition and identification of active components from Radix Bupleuri using human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Feihu , Zhang Xiaohong , Xu Tanghui , Quan Wei , Wang Hui , Shi Jianguo , Dai Zunxiao , Wu Bin , Wu Qiangju
Published: July 2015

The aim of the study was to screen active components of Radix Bupleuri (a traditional Chinese herb) and discover novel anti‐schizophrenic candidate drugs using human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. SH‐SY5Y cells were used for preparation of the stationary phase in the cell membrane chromatography model. Retention components by the SH‐SY5Y/CMC model were collected and then analyzed by GC/MS under the optimized conditions in offline conditions. After investigating the suitability and reliability of the SH‐SY5Y/CMC method using amisulpride and haloperidol as standard compounds, this method was applied to screening active components from the extracts of Radix Bupleuri. Retention components of SH‐SY5Y/CMC model were saikosaponin A, saikosaponin B1, saikosaponin B2, saikosaponin C and saikosaponin D, which were identified by the GC/MS method. In vitro pharmacological trials‐MTT, saikosaponin B1, saikosaponin B2 and saikosaponin C could protect SY5Y cells. The protective effects of saikosaponin B1 and saikosaponin C were concentration dependent. Saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D inhibited cell viability at concentrations >30 µg/mL (p < 0.05). Via SH‐SY5Y/CMC method and SH‐SY5Y MTT trial, we rapidly detected target components from Radix Bupleuri, accurately identified them and determined their different effects on SH‐SY5Y cells. Saikosaponin B1, saikosaponin B2 and saikosaponin C may be anti‐schizophrenic candidate drugs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of Purification Concepts for Nutraceuticals from Algae – Part I: Characterization of Emulsifying Components
Authors: Fröhlich Holger , Gasser Kurt , Gaul Simon , Grützner Thomas , Strube Jochen
Published: July 2015

Developing efficient methods for the production of biotechnologically generated products is the goal of various current research approaches. One issue related is the extraction of biomass from aqueous fermentation broths for the isolation of respective products. Based on the high cell wall stability of available microorganisms and the corresponding high energy for cell disruption, extremely stable emulsions result after the indispensable cell disruption in aqueous environment. Therefore, the cell material is often dried and the product is extracted by means of organic solvents from the biomass, which makes these processes difficult both from the economic and toxicological sides. Based on the example of an extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids from microalgae, a systematic approach is presented for the characterization of emulsion stability and development of process concepts for the subsequent solvent‐free product recovery.
Anticancer Organometallic Osmium(II)‐p‐cymene Complexes
Authors: Păunescu Emilia , Nowak‐Sliwinska Patrycja , Clavel Catherine M. , Scopelliti Rosario , Griffioen Arjan W. , Dyson Paul J.
Published: July 2015

Osmium compounds are attracting increasing attention as potential anticancer drugs. In this context, a series of bifunctional organometallic osmium(II)‐p‐cymene complexes functionalized with alkyl or perfluoroalkyl groups were prepared and screened for their antiproliferative activity. Three compounds from the series display selectivity toward cancer cells, with moderate cytotoxicity observed against human ovarian carcinoma (A2780) cells, whereas no cytotoxicity was observed on non‐cancerous human embryonic kidney (HEK‐293) cells and human endothelial (ECRF24) cells. Two of these three cancer‐cell‐selective compounds induce cell death largely via apoptosis and were also found to disrupt vascularization in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Based on these promising properties, these compounds have potential clinical applications.
Overall and central adiposity and breast cancer risk in the sister study
Authors: White Alexandra J. , Nichols Hazel B. , Bradshaw Patrick T. , Sandler Dale P.
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND

Greater body mass index (BMI), a measure of overall adiposity, is associated with a higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. The role of central adiposity, often measured by waist circumference, is less well understood, especially among premenopausal women. The objective of the current study was to examine multiple measures of adiposity in relation to breast cancer in a prospective cohort study.

METHODS

A total of 50,884 Sister Study cohort participants aged 35 to 74 years were enrolled from 2003 through 2009. Inclusion criteria for the cohort included having a sister previously diagnosed with breast cancer. Trained study personnel measured height, weight, and waist and hip circumference during a home visit and study participants completed a detailed questionnaire. Using Cox regression analysis, we estimated multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for breast cancer risk associated with adiposity measurements, considering tumor subtype and menopausal status.

RESULTS

In total, 2009 breast cancers were diagnosed during follow‐up (mean = 5.4 years). Weight, BMI, waist circumference, and waist‐to‐hip ratio were found to be positively associated with overall breast cancer risk and HRs were greater among postmenopausal women, those with hormonally responsive tumors, and women who were not currently using postmenopausal hormones. In models that adjusted for BMI, waist circumference associations persisted among both postmenopausal women (81‐88 cm vs ≤80 cm: HR = 1.16 [95% CI 1.01‐1.35] and >88 cm vs ≤80 cm: HR = 1.30 [95% CI 1.10‐1.54]) and premenopausal women (81‐88 cm vs ≤80 cm: HR = 1.56 [95% CI 1.19‐2.04] and >88 cm vs ≤80 cm: HR = 1.30 [95% CI 0.91‐1.87]).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings from this large, prospective study with examiner‐measured body size indicate that waist circumference is independently and positively associated with both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Cancer 2015;121:3700–3708. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of copy number alterations in adolescent and adult patients with precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia enrolled in PETHEMA protocols
Authors: Ribera Jordi , Morgades Mireia , Zamora Lurdes , Montesinos Pau , Gómez‐Seguí Inés , Pratcorona Marta , Sarrà Josep , Guàrdia Ramon , Nomdedeu Josep , Tormo Mar , Martínez‐Lopez Joaquin , Hernández‐Rivas Jesús‐María , González‐Campos José , Barba Pere , Escoda Lourdes , Genescà Eulàlia , Solé Francesc , Millá Fuensanta , Feliu Evarist , Ribera Josep‐Maria ,   for the Spanish PETHEMA Group and the Spanish Society of Hematology
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND

Some copy number alterations (CNAs) have independent prognostic significance for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

METHODS

This study analyzed via multiplex ligation–dependent probe amplification the frequency and prognostic impact of CNAs of 12 genetic regions in 142 adolescents and adults with de novo precursor B‐cell ALL.

RESULTS

The cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) deletion (59 of 142 or 42%) was the most frequent CNA, and it was followed by Ikaros family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1) losses (49 of 142 or 35%). IKZF1 deletions were more prevalent in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)–positive ALL and were associated with advanced age and high white blood cell (WBC) counts. The multivariate analysis showed that advanced age and early B‐cell factor 1 (EBF1) deletions were associated with chemotherapy resistance in both the whole series (hazard ratios, 0.949 and 0.135, respectively) and the Ph‐negative subgroup (hazard ratios, 0.946 and 0.118, respectively). High WBC counts and focal IKZF1 deletions correlated with disease recurrence (hazard ratios, 1.005 and 1.869, respectively), whereas advanced age and CDKN2A/B losses influenced overall survival in both the whole series (hazard ratios, 1.038 and 2.545, respectively) and the Ph‐negative subgroup (hazard ratios, 1.044 and 2.105, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Deletions of EBF1, IKZF1, and CDKN2A/B have an independent adverse prognosis for adolescents and adults with B‐precursor ALL, and this suggests that these CNAs should be included in the initial risk assessment of ALL. Cancer 2015;121:3809–3817. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Cognitive–Behavioural Therapy and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Combat‐Related Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Comparative Effectiveness Study
Authors: Levi Ofir , Bar‐Haim Yair , Kreiss Yitshak , Fruchter Eyal
Published: July 2015

This study compared the effectiveness of two psychotherapy approaches for treating combat veterans with chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT). These treatments are routinely used by the Unit for Treatment of Combat‐Related PTSD of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). IDF veterans with chronic PTSD were assigned to either CBT (n = 148) or PDT (n = 95) based on the nature of their complaint and symptoms. Psychiatric status was assessed at baseline, post‐treatment and 8–12 months follow‐up using the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale, the PTSD Questionnaire, the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Psychotherapy Outcome Assessment and Monitoring System‐Trauma Version assessment questionnaire. Both treatment types resulted in significant reduction in symptoms and with improved functioning from pre‐treatment to post‐treatment, which were maintained at follow‐up. No differences between the two treatments were found in any the effectiveness measures. At post‐treatment, 35% of the CBT patients and 45% of the PDT patients remitted, with no difference between the groups. At follow‐up, remission rates were 33% and 36% for the CBT and PDT groups, respectively. The study recommends further randomized controlled trials to determine treatment efficacy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Both cognitive‐behavioural therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy have to be treatments offered in clinics for treating PTSD.

Therapists who treat PTSD should be familiar with cognitive‐behavioural and dynamic methods.

The type of treatment chosen should be based on thorough psychosocial assessment.
Chemical Conversions of Biomass‐Derived Platform Chemicals over Copper–Silica Nanocomposite Catalysts
Authors: Upare Pravin P. , Hwang Young Kyu , Lee Jong‐Min , Hwang Dong Won , Chang Jong‐San
Published: July 2015

Biomass and biomass‐derived carbohydrates have a high extent of functionality, unlike petroleum, which has limited functionality. In biorefinery applications, the development of methods to control the extent of functionality in final products intended for use as fuels and chemicals is a challenge. In the chemical industry, heterogeneous catalysis is an important tool for the defunctionalization of functionalized feedstocks and biomass‐derived platform chemicals to produce value‐added chemicals. Herein, we review the recent progress in this field, mainly of vapor phase chemical conversion of biomass‐derived C4–C6 carboxylic acids and esters using copper–silica nanocomposite catalysts. We also demonstrate that these nanocomposite catalysts very efficiently convert biomass‐derived platform chemicals into cyclic compounds, such as lactones and hydrofurans, with high selectivities and yields.
Transient Charging Characteristics in Surface Flashover Development Process due to Explosive Electron Emission in Vacuum
Authors: Nakano Yusuke , Kojima Hiroki , Tsuchiya Kenji , Hayakawa Naoki
Published: July 2015

For the development of higher voltage vacuum circuit breakers and vacuum interrupters, surface discharge in a vacuum is one of the most significant issues. We measured the charge activity on alumina dielectrics in a vacuum through ultrahigh‐speed optical and electrical measurements. We found that surface flashover in a vacuum starts with an explosive electron emission (EEE) with higher current density, which consists of electron emission from the cathode, and results in surface flashover development. The transient charge on the alumina dielectrics formed by electrons emitted by EEE influences the distortion of electric field distribution around the cathode rod and then the subsequent flashover development. In particular, in the case of a shorter gap between the cathode rod and the alumina dielectrics, the electron emission may be suppressed by the relaxation effect of the electric field due to transient charge accumulation.
A Hydrogen Management Method in Residential Distributed Generation Systems with Photovoltaic Cells and Hydrogen‐Storage Type Fuel Cells
Authors: Takubo Ryosuke , Takahashi Akiko , Imai Jun , Funabiki Shigeyuki
Published: July 2015

Recently, renewable energy has been attracting attention as a result of global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels. Photovoltaic (PV) systems have spread rapidly around the world because they generate electric power quietly and can be installed in many places. The output power generated in a PV system fluctuates with changes in solar irradiance and panel temperature. The reverse flow of surplus power in output spikes may have a negative effect on electric power quality, such as on the frequency and voltage in a power system. A residential distributed generation (DG) system composed of a fuel cell (FC) unit, an electrolyzer (EL) unit, and a PV system has been proposed in order to resolve these problems. In order to operate this system without interruption, the hydrogen storage volume must be managed. This paper proposes a novel hydrogen management method for a residential DG system with PV cells and hydrogen‐storage type FCs. The hydrogen storage volume is maintained at the preset frequency by operating the FC unit and the EL unit. Models of the PV, FC, and EL were constructed for a simulation. In the simulation, we showed that the proposed management method is viable for a residential DG system with PV cells and hydrogen‐storage FCs.
Validation of the FEW16 questionnaire for the assessment of physical well‐being in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: results from the CIBIS‐ELD study
Authors: Tahirović E. , Lashki D. J. , Trippel T. D. , Tscholl V. , Fritschka M. , Musial‐Bright L. , Busjahn A. , Kolip P. , Störk S. , Rauchfuß M. , Inkrot S. , Lainscak M. , Apostolović S. , Vesković J. , Lončar G. , Doehner W. , Zelenak C. , Düngen H. D.
Published: July 2015

Aims

Patients with heart failure (HF) commonly suffer from severe impairment of quality of life (QoL). One main goal of HF treatment is improvement of QoL. Physical well‐being is an essential component of QoL. To enable assessment of physical well‐being in HF patients, we validated the FEW16 questionnaire in a prospective study with patients from the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study in ELDerly.

Methods and results

In 127 HF patients (age 73 ± 5.5 years, 72% male, 60% New York Heart Association class II, left ventricular ejection fraction 37 ± 8.5%), we measured physical well‐being (FEW16), QoL [36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF36)], and depressive symptoms [PRIME MD Patient Health Questionnaire German short version for depression (PHQ‐D)] at baseline and two follow‐up visits, and correlated FEW16 scores with QoL data and clinical parameters. FEW16 mean scores are 3.04 ± 1.04 at baseline, 3.19 ± 0.94 after 3 months, and 2.77 ± 0.94 after 2–4 years. We assessed data quality, scale assumptions, and construct validity and reliability. Cronbach's alpha for subscales resilience: 0.84; ability to enjoy: 0.80; vitality: 0.88; inner peace: 0.87; total score: 0.95. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is 0.87 (95% CI 0.84–0.89, ICC (1.4). Pearson's correlations of FEW16 with SF36 and PHQ‐D were significant. Six minutes walking distance and heart rate correlated significantly with the FEW16 total score.

Conclusions

The FEW16 showed good reliability, internal consistency, and intraclass correlation. FEW16 scores correlated well with psychological and physical well‐being (SF36) and clinical markers of exercise tolerance (6 min walk test and heart rate). Our results indicate a strong correlation of self‐reported physical well‐being with psychological factors. FEW16 values at baseline predicted the development of several aspects of QoL during beta‐blocker up‐titration.
Strive for the spectrum sharing by transferring energy and relaying data for the primary user
Authors: Zhai Chao , Liu Ju , Lan Peng , Sun Fenggang
Published: July 2015

Through harvesting energy from the environment, the wireless system can be sustainable and work for a long time. The spectrum sharing is promising to cope with the contradiction between the shortage of spectrum and the ever‐growing transmission requirements. Jointly considering the energy and spectrum efficiencies, we proposed in this work an energy harvesting (EH)‐based spectrum sharing scheme. The cognitive radio network with one primary link and one secondary link is studied, where the primary base station (BS) serves its primary user (PU), and the secondary access point (AP) intends to communicate with a secondary user. The PU should harvest the wireless energy for the uplink data transmission, while all the other terminals have the stable power supply. The AP can wirelessly transfer energy to the PU along with the BS to improve the EH efficiency, and further, it can relay the primary data to the BS to improve the spectrum efficiency. The energy and data cooperation from the AP can significantly enhance the throughput of primary system, and hence, more spectrum can be released for the secondary data transmission. The resource allocation between the two systems for the energy transfer and data relaying is determined through maximising the throughput of secondary link while guaranteeing the performance of primary link. Under the peak power constraint, the system performance is analysed considering the dependence of the downlink energy transfer and the uplink data relaying. Numerical results are provided to reveal the impacts of various parameter settings to the system performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of optimized interpolation schemes with spurious modes minimization
Authors: Cunha G. , Redonnet S.
Published: July 2015

This work constitutes a fraction of a more extensive effort, which ultimate objective is the development of advanced aeroacoustics hybrid methods. Within this framework, we here focus on the interpolation step, on which generally rely all coupling processes that link altogether the various stages constituting any given hybrid method. In that regard, previous works by the present authors had revealed the intrinsic limitations and subsequent side effects (e.g., signal degradation) that weight on usual high‐order interpolation schemes, whether the latter are of centered or noncentered nature, as well as optimized in an acoustic sense or not. Based on the outcomes of such study, here, a novel optimization technique for interpolation schemes is proposed. Such a technique, which is designed hereafter as theinterpolation by parts (IBP), allows interpolating accurately a given signal, while minimizing its possible degradation. As a result, compared with its standard counterpart, anyIBP‐optimized interpolation scheme exhibits improved characteristics, such as a spurious modes generation that is greatly reduced (up to a 99%factor). Such improved characteristics are here validated on the basis of three test cases (of 1D, 2Dand 3Dnature), which illustrates the potentialities offered by the IBP optimization technique. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modeling of heat transfer and pasteurizing value during thermal processing of intact egg
Authors: Abbasnezhad Behzad , Hamdami Nasser , Monteau Jean‐Yves , Vatankhah Hamed
Published: July 2015

Thermal Pasteurization of Eggs, as a widely used nutritive food, has been simulated. A three‐dimensional numerical model, computational fluid dynamics codes of heat transfer equations using heat natural convection, and conduction mechanisms, based on finite element method, was developed to study the effect of air cell size and eggshell thickness. The model, confirmed by comparing experimental and numerical results, was able to predict the temperature profiles, the slowest heating zone, and the required heating time during pasteurization of intact eggs. The results showed that the air cell acted as a heat insulator. Increasing the air cell volume resulted in decreasing of the heat transfer rate, and the increasing the required time of pasteurization (up to 14%). The findings show that the effect on thermal pasteurization of the eggshell thickness was not considerable in comparison to the air cell volume.
The incidence and distribution of Listeria monocytogenes in ready‐to‐eat vegetables in South‐Western Nigeria
Authors: Ajayeoba Titilayo A. , Atanda Olusegun O. , Obadina Adewale O. , Bankole Mobolaji O. , Adelowo Olawale O.
Published: July 2015

The study investigated the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) vegetables: (Cucumber, Cucumis sativas; Cabbage, Brassica olerecea; Carrot, Daucus carota; Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum; Lettuce, Lactuca sativa) in six states in South‐Western Nigeria. A total of 555 composite samples were collected from 30 traditional markets within the states and only 244 L. monocytogenes species were isolated by standard methods. The incidence of L. monocytogenes was low and not statistically significant per vegetable type. The percentage distribution of the L. monocytogenes isolates in the RTE vegetables was 28.28, 9.02, 23.36, 19.67, and 19.67 for Cabbage, Carrot, Cucumber, Lettuce, and Tomatoes, respectively. Lagos state had the highest incidence of L. monocytogenes contamination (55%) followed by Ondo (48.89%), Oyo (48.75%), Ogun (44.09%), Osun (34.38%), and Ekiti (33.33%) states, respectively. Although the incidence of L. monocytogenes in the RTE vegetables in South‐Western Nigeria is low, its presence should be a source of concern as it could constitute a public health threat for its consumers.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Coupling a SOEC in Co‐Electrolysis Mode with the Dimethyl Ether Synthesis
Authors: Botta G. , Solimeo M. , Leone P. , Aravind P. V.
Published: July 2015

This work describes a thermodynamic model of an integrated system for the production of a syngas, via a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), coupled with a subsequent catalytic upgrading into dimethyl ether (DME). The proposed energy system has been investigated on a thermodynamic basis, including exergy analysis.The syngas composition required for the catalytic upgrading is strongly affecting the SOEC design. SOEC operating conditions have been chosen in order to reach an H2/CO ratio close to 1 while avoiding carbon formation. The produced syngas from the SOEC is then pre‐treated and DME is synthesized in a one‐step reactor in which both methanol synthesis and dehydration occur. Two different plant configurations have been investigated including an ambient pressure and a pressurized system. The layout and operating parameters have been chosen in order to maximize the purity of the produced DME without affecting the overall efficiency and yield. The global heat demand has been assessed with the waste heat recovery method. In the optimal configuration, an improvement in the DME content of the final product is obtained, reaching a value of 99.8% in mass. Therefore, such configuration would allow the final product to be readily used for transportation applications.
Helping staff to implement psychosocial interventions in care homes: augmenting existing practices and meeting needs for support
Authors: Lawrence Vanessa , Fossey Jane , Ballard Clive , Ferreira Nicola , Murray Joanna
Published: July 2015

Objective

To contribute to an optimised training programme for care staff that supports the implementation of evidence‐based psychosocial interventions in long‐term care.

Methods

Qualitative study that involved focus group discussions with 119 care home staff within 16 care homes in the UK. Part of wider clinical trial aimed at developing and evaluating an effective and practical psychosocial intervention and implementation approach for people with dementia in long‐term care. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes and interpret the data.

Results

The findings highlighted that successful training and support interventions must acknowledge and respond to ‘whole home’ issues. Three overarching themes emerged as influential: the importance of contextual factors such as staff morale, interpersonal relationships within the home, and experience and perceived value of the proposed intervention.

Conclusions

Priority must be given to obtain the commitment of all staff, management and relatives to the training programme and ensure that expectations regarding interaction with residents, participation in activities and the reduction of medication are shared across the care home. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot study of adjunctive quetiapine SR in the treatment of PMS/PMDD
Authors: Jackson Christine , Pearson Brenda , Girdler Susan , Johnson Jacqueline , Hamer Robert M. , Killenberg Susan , Meltzer‐Brody Samantha
Published: July 2015

Objective

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a more severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), afflicts 5–8% of reproductive age women and results in significant functional impairment. We conducted a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of adjunctive quetiapine in patients with PMS/PMDD who had inadequate response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor/serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor therapy for their symptoms.

Methods

A PMS/PMDD diagnosis was confirmed by 2‐month prospective diagnostic assessment of PMS/PMDD using the Prospective Record of the Impact and Severity of Premenstrual Symptoms (PRISM) calendar. Women were randomized equally to receive quetiapine sustained‐release (SR) or placebo (25‐mg starting dose) during the luteal phase for 3 months. Outcome variables included the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales, Clinical Global Impression Scale, and PRISM.

Results

Twenty women were enrolled in the treatment phase. Although the study was underpowered, greater reductions in luteal phase mood ratings were observed in the quetiapine group on the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression improvement rating, and PRISM daily score. The quetiapine group showed most improvement in symptoms of mood lability, anxiety, and irritability.

Conclusion

This small double‐blind study suggests that adjunctive treatment with quetiapine SR may be a useful addition to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy in women with PMS/PMDD by reducing symptoms and improving quality of life. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.