bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and ibuprofen for COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors:   Association of Clinical Pharmacologists, Volgograd, Russia, Leonova Marina V.
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 pandemic is currently the most pressing public health problem worldwide. Despite growing knowledge about the nature of SARS-CoV-2-assosiated severe acute respiratory syndrome, the treatment options are still poorly defined. The safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in particular ibuprofen, has been questioned without any supporting evidence. This has contributed to a number of observational studies evaluating the effect of ibuprofen on COVID-19 disease outcomes. A search of publications was carried out and a systematic review of 9 studies was presented, pharmacodynamic effects of ibuprofen were considered in terms of the effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and cyclooxygenase. The studies data have shown no direct interaction between ibuprofen and SARS-CoV-2, no evidence that ibuprofen affects the up-regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a COVID-19 receptor in human studies. Observational studies have not found evidence that ibuprofen, when used chronically before COVID-19 or when acutely used to relieve symp-toms of COVID-19, contributes to infection or increases the risk of adverse outcomes (mortality, risk of hospitalization, risk of mechanical ventilation). Subse-quently, international regulatory authorities (World Health Organization, European Medical Agency, FDA) concluded that there is no link between the more severe course of COVID-19 and NSAID treatment; paracetamol and other NSAIDs (ibuprofen) are recommended to treat the symptoms of COVID-19; patients on chronic NSAID treatment are warned not to discontinue it, as their condition may worsen.
Rheological Modification for Asphaltic Materials Using a Mixture (Poly carbonate: Poly Methyl Methacrylate) and Microwave Radiation
Authors: Ammar Ahmed Hamdoon  , Khalid Ahmed owaid  , Wijdan Mohammed Salih
Published: February 2021

Obtaining asphalt that suits the nature of the countries it is used in, is of great importance. Asphalt constitutes an important component in the paving of roads, mastic and flattening substance. This study was included the modification of the asphaltic material by the use of a mixture of polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate after crushed to obtain low molecular weight. The study included two paths: In the first asphaltic materials was treated with different percentages of a mixture in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride (0.06%of weight) as a catalyst for this reaction. The mixture was heated at 150° for 30 minutes. In the second path, the process of mixing was performed with the existence of a 360 watt microwave radiation for 15 minutes. The process of mixing was repeated in the presence of sulphur (1% of weight) instead of anhydrous aluminium chloride and under the same conditions. Properties of the original and modified asphalts were determined, and this included the measurement of ductility, penetration, softening point, penetration index and calculating the percentage of separated asphaltenes. Additionally, Marshal test, chemical Immersion test and aging were measured for some of the samples. Good samples that can suit Iraq's climate were obtained from this study.
ANALISA KINERJA BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT) TRANS SEMARANG KORIDOR II TERMINAL TERBOYO-TERMINAL SISEMUT
Authors: Kurnianingtyas Agnesia Putri , Mardliyah A`izzatul , Fauzizah Kiki Lana
Published: February 2021

Semarang as one of the big cities in Central Java has provided public transportation which is Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as an effort to reduce congestion and the use of private transpotation. There are eight main corridor and one special corridor that are provides until 2021, one of them is Corridor II with Terboyo-Sisemut Route. This study is aim to analyze the servce performance of Corridor II with the optimalization the use of BRT in this route, find the problem factors that influence and formulate the step for quality services improvement. The method of this study is quantitative method by calculating the weight value through assessment indicators based on the standards of the Director General of Transportation. These indicators are obtained from the results of dynamic surveys and static surveys. From the analysis, the service performance of BRT Corridor II at Terminal Terboyo-Sisemut PP is in good category. The number of fleets needed in corridor II is 21 units. Based on the results of the evaluation, one recommendation to improve the quality service of BRT is to make a special lane for BRT to make travel time faster, so that users are more interested in using BRT.
2020-2021 IgNITE Medical Case Competition: Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Bojic Dejan , Bezuidenhout Bianka , Gill Hertek
Published: February 2021

The IgNITE Medical Case Competition is an annual research case competition organized by students at the University of Ottawa. Our mission is to provide high school and university students the opportunity to gain valuable research experience while networking with industry professionals. Each year students, in teams of 1-4, are paired with an experienced mentor to develop and present a novel research proposal within the specified theme of the competition. During the competition, students are taught the fundamental principles underlying three lab techniques which they can then use in their proposal or their future research career. This year’s theme was Regenerative Medicine and competitors learned about Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, and CRISPR-Cas9. In 2020-2021 the IgNITE community grew internationally with 570 high school and university students across the world participating in the competition. In this booklet we present the Top 40 teams and invite you to visit our website (www.ignitecompetition.org) to watch their pitch proposal videos. We hope you enjoy reading through some of this year’s top proposals and invite you to join our growing community.
VUW students translate Mary Maringikura Campbell
Authors: Sarti Evans Antonella
Published: February 2021

The poem by Mary Maringikura Campbell, ‘Consider this’ was first published in the collection ‘Maringi’ (Kotaha Press, Porirua, 2016) and it has been included in her new book ‘Yellow Moon – E Marama Rengarenga’ (HeadworX, Wellington, June 2020). Many thanks to the author for granting kind permission to reproduce and translate this poem into Italian and to NEKE for publishing the best translation works of my students of Italian 201-2020, School of Languages and Cultures, Victoria University of Wellington/Te Herenga Waka. My translation of the poem will appear soon also in the selection ‘Matariki, sciame di stelle: poetesse maori contemporanee’ (Collana ‘Affluenti’, Edizioni Ensemble, Rome) along with the translation of other poems by Aotearoa’s indigenous female authors.

Antonella Sarti Evans
Mind style and visibility in translation – A stylistically aware translation of Judith Hermann’s short story Rote Koralle
Authors: Loorparg Jana
Published: February 2021

This project was created out of three things: a deep affection for the literature of Judith Hermann, curiosity of how her work has been translated into English, and a strong interest in pursuing my own translation of one of her texts. But before I go on any further, I need to make one thing very clear: there is nothing wrong with the existing translation of Hermann’s 1998 debut, Sommerhaus, später, out of which I have chosen the opening story as the subject matter of this essay. On the contrary: the existing translation is coherent, reads fluently, and was honoured with the Helen and Kurt Wolff Prize in 2003 as “an excellent transposition of the German work, which resulted in an impressive and rhythmically strong English text (…), captured the atmosphere of the original and admirably recreated the tone and language pulse of the German short stories.”1 And so, when I say a strong interest in pursuing my own translation, I do not mean this in any way that suggests the existing translation is faulty and needs re-doing. Rather, the objective behind this project was to employ a different translation strategy in order to carry over essential aspects of Hermann’s text.
The sinking of the Wahine & the fall of Icarus: A translational and autobiographical poem
Authors: Williams Peter
Published: February 2021

The sinking of the Wahine & the fall of Icarus: A translational and autobiographical poem
A Descriptive Analysis of Compensation Offerings and its Impact on Turnover Intentions of Educational Managers of Punjab
Authors: Majid Ali  , Muhammad Ramzan  , Rizwan Qaiser Danish
Published: February 2021

This research is aimed at investigating compensation offerings at various levels and its impact on the turnover intentions of employees in educational sector of Punjab. It specifically addressed the issue how different compensation offerings (for example pay, bonus, medical facility, housing etc) effects on intention to quit from the organisation. The research has focused on gauging the impact of the compensation package on the educational managers’ intention to quit, i. e. turnover, and to know to what extent degree of impact of each constituent of the compensation package has on their intention to leave the organization.  This study has provided implications for policy makers in different organisations related to education particularly in Pakistani context.
PENGARUH KETERAMPILAN MANAJERIAL KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN BUDAYA SEKOLAH TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS SEKOLAH
Authors: Amri Sukron , Murniati Ngurah Ayu Nyoman , Miyono Noor
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah adanya faktor bahwa efektivitas sekolah di SD Negeri Daerah Binaan 1 Kecamatan Bojong Kabupaten Tegal masih membutuhkan peningkatan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi di duga karena pengaruh keterampilan manajerial kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah yang beragam.Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh keterampilan manajerial kepala sekolah terhadap efektivitas sekolah, (2) mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh budaya sekolah terhadap efektivitas sekolah,(3) mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh keterampilan manajerial kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah secara bersama-sama terhadap efektivitas sekolah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah guru SD  Negeri daerah Binaan I Kecamatan Bojong Kabupaten Tegal berjumlah 125 orang dan sampel dengan menggunakan proporsional random sampling tingkat kepercayaan 5% sebanyak 91 orang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, uji persyaratan data dan uji regresi.Uji hipotesis menunjukan: (1) korelasi antara variabel keterampilan manajerial kepala sekolah dengan variabel efektivitas sekolah sebesar 0,815 termasuk kategori cukup kuat. (2) korelasi antara variabel budaya sekolah terhadap variabel efektivitas sekolah sebesar 0,713 termasuk kategori kuat. (3) pengaruh keterampilan manajerial kepala sekolah guru dan budaya sekolah secara bersama-sama terhadap efektivitas sekolah sebesar 88,9% dengan koefisien regresi positif, artinya jika keterampilan manajerial kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah semakin baik, maka efektivitas sekolah semakin baik pula.Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, peneliti merekomendasikan sebaiknya Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Tegal perlu merancang suatu kebijakan yang dapat mengimplementasikan keterampilan manajerial kepala sekolah, sehingga efektivitas sekolah akan meningkat. Bagi kepala sekolah perlu ada peningkatan keterampilan manajerial kepala sekolah dalam upaya peningkatan efektivitas sekolah serta meningkatkan keteladanan dalam menciptakan budaya sekolah yang baik. Untuk guru hendaknya menjadi teladan dalam menciptakan budaya sekolah untuk mewujudkan efektivitas sekolah serta meningkatkan budaya sekolah yang baik untuk menjaga keutuhan hubungan antar warga sekolah.
PENGARUH PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI DI KECAMATAN AMPELGADING PEMALANG
Authors: Komariyah Komariyah , Haryati Titik , Miyono Noor
Published: February 2021

Dalam konteks keberhasilan pendidikan, motivasi kerja yang tinggi  merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan. Motivasi kerja yang tinggi dipengaruhi oleh peran kepala sekolah. Kepala sekolah sebagai pimpinan harus mampu memberikan petunjuk dan pengawasan, meningkatkan kemauan tenaga kependidikan, membuka komunikasi dua arah, dan  mampu menciptakan suasana kerja yang kondusif. Faktor lain yang dapat meningkatkan  motivasi kerja ynag tinggi adalah kepuasan kerja Seorang guru yang merasa puas maka akan mempunyai motivasi yang tinggi dalam bekerja.Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah ada pengaruh peran kepala sekolah dan kepuasan kerja secara parsial dan simultan terhadap motivasi kerja?. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh peran kepala sekolah dan kepuasan kerja terhadap secara parsial dan simultan terhadap motivasi kerja.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru SD Negeri di Kecamatan Ampelgading  Kabupaten Pemalang yang berjumlah 347. Setelah dihitung dengan rumus Slovin diperoleh sampel sebanyak 172 orang dengan menggunakan teknik proporsional random sampling. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian expost facto. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuisioner/ angket. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, uji persyaratan dan uji hipotesis yang meliputi analisis regresi linier sederhana dan analisis regresi ganda.Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa: 1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan Peran kepala sekolah secara parsial terhadap Motivasi kerja, 2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan Kepuasan kerja secara parsial terhadap Motivasi kerja,  3) terdapat Peran kepala sekolah dan Kepuasan kerja secara bersama-sama terhadap Motivasi kerja .Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka direkomendasikan, (1) dinas pendidikan memberikan penghargaan kepada guru untuk meningkatkan motivasi kerja guru dan peran kepala sekolah, (2) kepala sekolah menjalankan peranannya sesuai tugas pokok dan fungsinya dalam upaya meningkatkan motivasi kerja, (3) guru hendaknya meningkatkan motivasi kerjanya sebagai modal bagi keberhasilan pendidikan
EFFECT OF SILANE COUPLING AGENT CONTENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROXYAPATITE/POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) DENTURE BASE COMPOSITE
Authors: ALDABIB Jamal Moammar
Published: February 2021

In removable prosthodontics, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is the most suitable for the construction of denture bases. Intra-orally, the subjected stress intensity during the function accelerate the fracture of acrylic resin denture bases. Extra-orally, fracture occurs when dentures are accidentally dropped on a hard surface. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of coupling agent concentration on the mechanical properties of Hydroxyapatite/Poly(methyl methacrylate) (HA/PMMA) denture base composite. The Hydroxyapatite (HA) treated with four different ratios (i.e. 0, 5, 7 and 10 wt%) of 3-(trimethoxysily) propyl methacrylate (γMPS) silane coupling agent was added into the PMMA matrix. The mechanical performance of the composite was evaluated by conducting fracture toughness, flexural and tensile tests. An improvement of 13.83% and 9.62% in the tensile and flexural strength respectively, was achieved. The tensile and flexural modulus of the composite increased by 19.04% and 12.5% respectively. A significant improvement of 29.26% in the fracture toughness was observed at 10 wt% of γ-MPS. 10 wt% of γ-MPS is the optimum amount of coupling agent for obtaining balanced mechanical properties.
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE WHITE MATTER STRUCTURES IN FEMALE MIGRAINE PATIENTS
Authors: TURAMANLAR Ozan , GÜZEL Hilal , DEMİRBAŞ Hayri , KAYA Furkan , BİLİR Abdülkadir , GÜLEN Şeyma , ÖLMEZ Halit Hamza , EROL Muhammed , ARDIÇ Elif Meryem , DÜNDAR Medine Feride , İSLİKAYE Mustafa Sait
Published: February 2021

Migraine is a multifactorial neurovascular syndrome characterized by typical headache attacks that occur with internal and external triggering factors in individuals with genetic susceptibility. It affects more than 12% of the general population. The aim of the present study is to compare the morphometric measurements of the determined white matter structures with the control group to investigate whether there is a structural difference in white matter structures in female patients with migraine.
The width of the internal capsule parts (anterior limb, posterior limb and genu) and genu angle was evaluated through MRI. Corpus callosum related measurements were determined in the sagittal section. It was manually traced following its edge on the midsagittal slice of T1 images, where its structure appeared most remarkable. The right and left internal capsule related measurements were compared with migraine and control groups. Except the genu angle, there were statistically significant difference between all measurements and widths in the migraine group were greater than controls. No significant difference was found between the corpus callosum related measurements in the comparison of both groups.
Internal capsule consists of several essential white matter fiber bundles of the brain, and is strongly connected between a range of cortical and subcortical anatomical structures. It has a crucial importance for brain functions and it can be affected by a variety of pathologies. The corpus callosum is the main fiber tract connecting two hemispheres with extensive connections and is topographically organized. It has been investigated in several neurodegenerative diseases as a marker for cortical pathology.
Knowing the white matter structure in migraine patients, determining its prevalence, and its correlation with the severity, type and duration of migraine can give an idea to clinicians.
http://theicph.com/id_ID/122-siti-zakiah-zulfa-cesa-septiana-pratiwi/
Authors:   Master program in Public Health, University of Indonesia, Tazkiyah Iftah , Ronoatmodjo Sudarto ,   Departement Epidemiology in public Health, University of Indonesia
Published: February 2021

Background: Menopause was the time of life when menstrual cycles cease and are caused by reduced secretion of the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. the proportion of women aged menopause increases with increasing age. This study aimed to find the relationship between employment status, age at first delivery, number of children and smoking status to the incidence of early menopause in women aged 30 to 40 years. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted from secondary data Indonesian Health Data Survey (IDHS), 2017. The inclusion criteria were female respondents 30-40 years old with who are married and use contraceptives. The dependent variable was early menopause. The independent variables were employment status, age at first delivery, number of children and smoking status. The data were analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression. Results: This study found that women aged 30-40 years who had menopause were 10.3%. From the multivariate results, it was found that women who had more than 2 children had a 1.4 times greater risk of early menopause (OR= 1.43, 95% CI= 1.43 to 1.26). Women who have jobs have a 0.5 times greater risk of premature menopause than women who do not work (OR= 0.55, 95% CI= 0.49 to 0.61). The most dominant variable related to the incidence of menopause is the number of children. Conclusion: The family planning program needs to be increased in order to provide counseling on long-term family planning and how to plan to have children and prepare for menopause. Keywords: early menopause, number of children, childbirth age, smoking Correspondence: Iftah Tazkiyah. Master program in Public Health, University of Indonesia. Pondok Cina, Beji district, Depok city, West Java 12345. E-mail: tazkiyah88@gmail.com. Mobile: 08118002454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.12
The Effect of Electric Cigarette Nicotine Levels on Peak Expiratory Flow in Vape User Communities, South Jakarta
Authors:   Study Program of Medical, Faculty of Medicine, UPN “Veteran” Jakarta, Hans Hesketh , Citrawati Mila ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine UPN “Veteran” Jakarta, Aprilia Citra Ayu ,   Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine UPN “Veteran” Jakarta
Published: February 2021

Background: Electronic Cigarette is one form of many nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) that uses energy from battery to deliver nicotine in gas form and by World Health Organization (WHO) defined as Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS). This study aimed to investigated the effect of electronic cigarette’s nicotine dosage on the peak expiratory flow (PEF). Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at VH Community-South Jakarta from February to march 2018. A Sample of 72 vapers was selected by consecutive sampling. It was divided into 3 groups: vapers who used 3 mg, 6 mg, and 12 mg nicotine dosage. The inclusion criteria were electric smokers healthy participants aged 19-24 years, normal body mass index, moderate physical activity, and only used e-cigarettes for more than 12 months. The exclusion criteria were the respondent had a history of respiratory disease. The dependent variable was peak expiratory flow (PEF). The independent variable was the nicotine dosage which obtained in electronic cigarette’s liquid. The research instrument used by Peak Flow Meter (PFM). The data was analyzed by Chi-square. Results: Chi-Square analysis showed the effect of electronic cigarette’s nicotine dosages to PEF (OR= 7.2; p< 0.001). Conclusion: The result showed that nicotine dosage which obtained in electronic cigarette’s liquid had effects with PEF. Therefore, each nicotine dosage has different effects to respiratory health. Because nicotine increases endothelial permeability, inhibits cell endothelial proliferation, and caused goblet cell metaplasia. Keyword: Electronic Cigarette, Nicotine, Peak Expiratory Flow Correspondence: Mila Citrawati. Departemen Fisiologi, FK UPN “Veteran” Jakarta. Jl. RS Fatmawati, Pondok Labu, South Jakarta 12450. E-mail: milacitrawati@upnvj.ac.id. Mobile: (021) 7656971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.14
The Effect of Education through Google Meet Media on Knowledge and Attitude about Balanced Diet in Youth during Covid-19 Pandemic in Medan, North Sumatera
Authors:   Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Tepriandy, R Septo , Rochadi Kintoko ,   Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sudaryati Etti ,   Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Published: February 2021

Background: In the era of technology 4.0, the rapid and instantaneous development of information media affects people’s lifestyles and consumption patterns. This study aims to analyze the effect of online-based health education media on knowledge and attitudes about balanced diet in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Medan. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment study with pretest-posttest control group design. This study was located in MAN 1 Medan and MAN 2 Model Medan, from March to September 2020. A total sample of 40 students was selected by simple random sampling. Furthermore, the sample was given treatment, namely providing health education through Google Meet media to see differences in student knowledge and attitudes before and after being given health education. The data were analyzed by paired t-test. Result: Mean of the adolescent knowledge after given education of balanced diet through Google Meet (Mean= 42.05; SD= 2.43) was higher than before education (Mean= 38.90; SD = 3.024), it was statistically significant (p< 0.05). Mean of the attitude of adolescents after given education of balanced diet through Google Meet (Mean= 49.60; SD= 3.32) was higher than before given education (Mean= 45.50; SD= 3.10), it was statistically significant (p< 0.05). Conclusion: It is hoped that the Medan City Health Office can design a prevention strategy for the problems caused by not knowing and implementing balanced nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic by increasing a healthy lifestyle by using Google Meet media, which is packaged attractively to the public, especially teenagers in Medan City. Keywords: health education media, google meet, balanced diet in youth, covid-19 Correspondence: Septo Tepriandy. Faculty of Public Health, University of North Sumatra. Jl. University No.32, Padang Bulan, Kec. Medan Baru, Medan City, North Sumatra. Email: stsimamora@gmail.com. Mobile: 085358863555 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.18
The Pattern of Snack And Beverage Concumption for Suku Anak Dalam (Sad) Children in The Trans Social Area of Nyogan Village, Muaro Jambi, Jambi Province
Authors:   Public Health Study Program, Universitas Jambi, Sitanggang Hendra Dhermawan , Kalsum Ummi ,   Public Health Study Program, Universitas Jambi
Published: February 2021

Background: Consumption of street food in school has an impact on children’s health, especially their nutritional status. Children in the Anak Dalam Tribe (SAD) are mostly malnourished and short. The remote indigenous community (Suku Anak Dalam) in Nyogan Village has undergone a social transition for 15 years since being granted permanent settlement by the Government. Many changes have occurred as well as consumption patterns. This study aims to determine the pattern of consumption of street food and beverages in schools for SAD children in Nyogan Village. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study with a phenomenological design conducted in Nyogan Village, Muaro Jambi Regency. Several information was selected for this study included: children, parents, community leaders or traditional leaders, school principals, teachers, neighbourhood leader, village heads, village midwives and public health center officer. The inclusion criteria were consumption pattern of food and drink snacks for SAD children at school. The data were collected by in-depth interview and analyzed using Miles and Hubberman’s model. Results: Children with SAD who go to elementary school in trans social areas in Nyogan Village like food and drink snacks. The most commonly consumed snack foods are sausages, sticky and grilled meatballs, thousand fried rice, candy, rice cake. At the same time, the most widely consumed snack drinks are present ice, juice jacket, glass tea, okky jelly drink, and ice cream. The reason is that only these types of food and beverages are available and cheap. SAD children in Nyogan Village rarely eat local snacks, such as fried sweet potatoes, that used to be consumed. There are concerns regarding the safety of snack foods and drinks suspected of having “chemical content” that is harmful to children health in these snacks. The cleanliness of the place of snacks and personal hygiene of food handlers are factors related to food and beverage snacks’ health. The Health Officer or public health center never conducts counseling on snack foods’ safety and is not regularly supervised. Conclusion: The consumption pattern of food and drink snacks for children with SAD in trans-social areas has changed. They consume snacks that are sold around the school. However, these foods and drinks are not guaranteed safety. Education and supervision are needed for food vendors or handlers in schools so that SAD children improve their health. Keywords: Consumption patterns, school snacks, children’s health, Suku Anak Dalam, qualitative Correspondence: Hendra Dhermawan Sitanggang. Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Jambi. Jalan Tri Brata, Km 11 Kampus Unja Pondok Meja Mestong, Kab. Muaro Jambi. Email: hendrasitanggang@unja.ac.id. Mobile: 081361918000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.21
Risk Factors of Noised Induced Hearing Loss in Workers at Beveling Unit in Industry X, Bekasi, West Java
Authors:   Study program of Medicine, FK UPN “Veteran” Jakarta, Jannah Annisaur Rohmatun , Chairani Aulia ,   Department of Public Health, FK UPN “Veteran” Jakarta, Harjono Yanti ,   Department of Public Health, FK UPN “Veteran” Jakarta
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) still remains a problem in developed countries Noise induced hearing loss is one of most common hearing deficit which is almost completely preventable. The hearing loss incurred would depend on the sound qualities, duration of exposure and individual susceptibility and protection. This study aimed to determine risk factors of noised induced hearing loss in workers at bevelling unit in industry x, Bekasi, West Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional. A sample of 27 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. The dependent variable was hearing loss. The independent variables were factors related to the onset of hearing loss. The data were collected by questionnaire and tuner check. This data were analysed by chi square. Results: Noise intensity (OR= 67.50; 95% CI 5.33 to 854.76; p< 0.001), length of service (OR= 12.25; 95% CI 1.79 to 83.95; p= 0.011), and noisy living environment (OR= 5.87; 95% CI 1.09 to 32.00; p= 0.034) has a relationship with hearing loss. Conclusion: Companies can carry out K3 enhancement and monitoring, carry out periodic scanning or audiometric checks, and create hearing conservation programs and timing or working duration in areas exposed to noise. Keywords: Hearing Loss, Noise, Manufacturing Workers Correspondence: Aulia Chairani. Department of Public Health, FK UPN “Veteran” Jakarta. auliachairani@upnvj.ac,id/ dr.aulia.chairani@gmail.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.22
Experience of Adolescent Mothers During Pregnancy: A Scoping Review
Authors:   Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, Sumarni Sumarni , Kartini Farida ,   Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta
Published: February 2021

Background: Every year, around 14 million women and girls aged 15 to 19 (both married and unmarried) give birth. This age group might lead to negative outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth. This scoping review aimed to identify the outcomes of adolescent pregnancy and its contributing factors. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selec­tion; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The research question was identified using population, exposure, and outcome(s) (PEOS) framework. The search included Wiley Online Library, EBSCO, ProQuest, and PubMed databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language and full-text articles published between 2009 and 2019. A total of 307 articles were obtained by the searched database. After the review process, seven articles were eligible for this review. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Six articles from developing countries (Brazil, Mexico, Zambia, Malawi, and Romania) and one report from developed countries (Australia) met the inclusion criteria with qualitative, quantitative (cross-sectional), and descriptive studies. The existing studies stated that adolescent pregnancy had adverse effects on both mother and babies’ health and well-being. Young maternal age is associated with low parity, lack of prenatal care, premature, and low birth weight. Factors contributed to the increased adolescent pregnancy rate were early sexual initiation, low use of contraception, low educational level, low socioeconomic status, inadequate knowledge about sexual and reproductive health, and gender disparity. Conclusion: Young maternal age contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes of both mothers and babies. Early sexual health education and health promotion on teenage girls may reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy rates. Keywords: adolescent pregnancy, birth outcome, maternal age Correspondence: Sumarni. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Barat) No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: sumarnipino21@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282346354512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.28
Fad Diets and Other Factors Affecting the Risk of Chronic Energy Deficiency among Adolescent Females at The Boarding School
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Widhiyanti Fitria , Dewi Yulia Lanti Retno ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Qodrijati Isna ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Women of reproductive need higher nutrition intake to obtain adequate levels of nutrition prepare for pregnancy and during their pregnancy. Inadequate nutrition intakes in pregnant women have been reported to lead to poor maternal and infant outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fad diets and other factors on the risk of chronic energy deficiency among adolescent females at the boarding school. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Islamic boarding school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A sample of 200 female adolescents aged 19-24 years was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was CED. The independent variables were perception toward body image, calorie intake, protein intake, fad diet, stress, and knowledge toward nutrition. The data were collected by digital weight scale, microtoise, mid-upper arm circumference tape, and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: The risk of CED in female adolescents increased with negative body image (OR= 2.30; 95% CI= 1.02 to 5.18; p= 0.044), fad diet (OR= 3.94; 95% CI= 1.71 to 9.08; p= 0.001), and high stress (OR= 7.02; 95% CI= 2.93 to 16.83; p<0.001). The risk of CED decreased with high calorie intake (OR= 0.31; 95% CI= 0.14 to 0.69; p= 0.005), high protein intake (OR= 0.30; 95% CI= 0.11 to 0.83; p= 0.020), and high knowledge toward nutrition (OR= 0.43; 95% CI= 0.20 to 0.96; p= 0.038). Conclusion: The risk of CED in female adolescents increases with negative body image, fad diet, and high stress. The risk of CED decreases with high calorie intake, high protein intake, and high knowledge toward nutrition. Keywords: chronic energy deficiency, body image, fad diet Correspondence: Fitria Widhiyanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: fwidhiyanti@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282135793992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.102
Path Analysis on the Determinants of Complementary Feeding Practice
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Fa’ni Renidya Asyura Muttabi’ Deya , Dewi Yulia Lanti Retno ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Qadrijati Isna ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Complementary feeding practice is needed to be optimized to maximize children’s potential for growth and development. However, there are still many obstacles in provide complementary feeding practice. This study aimed to examine the determinants of complementary feeding practice. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from October to November 2019. A sample of 200 mothers who had infants aged 6-24 months was selected by probability sampling. The dependent variable was complementary feeding practice. The independent variables were birthweight, child nutritional status, maternal knowledge toward complementary feeding, maternal education, and family income. The data were collected by infant weight scale, infantometer, and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Complementary feeding practice increased with birthweight ≥2500 g (b= 2.67; 95% CI=0.59 to.89; p= 0.008), child nutritional status (WHZ) -2.0 to 2.0 SD (b= 2.72; 95% CI=o.75 to 4.61; p= 0.006), high maternal knowledge toward complementary feeding (b= 2.27; 95% CI= 0.27 to 3.79; p= 0.023), maternal education ≥Senior high school (b= 2.19; 95% CI= 0.23 to 4.25; p= 0.028), and family income ≥Rp 1,571,000 (b= 2.42; 95% CI= 0.39 to 3.77; p= 0.015). Conclusion: Complementary feeding practice increases with birthweight ≥2500 g, good child nutritional status, high maternal knowledge toward complementary feeding, high maternal education, and high family income. Keywords: complementary feeding, path analysis Correspondence: Renidya Asyura Muttabi’ Deya Fa’ni. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: renidyamdf@gmail.com. Mobile: +62 815 3934 0421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.103
Effect of Family Development Session Family Hope Program on The Visit to Posyandu and Nutritional Status of Children Under Five
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Zakiyah Nisaus , Sulaeman Endang Sutisna ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: The Family Hope Program through the Family Development Session (FDS) provides social services on maternal and child health. Social cognitive theory (SCT) may explain how family development session family hope program affects to the integrated health post (posyandu) visit) and child nutrional status. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the FDS Family Hope Program on the child nutritional status. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cohort retrospective design. The study was conducted at the integrated health posts, in January 2020. The dependent variable was child nutritional status. The independent variables were family development session, maternal education, family income, social support, maternal knowledge, self-efficacy, complementary feeding, and integrated health post visit. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple linier regression. Results: Child nutritional status was positively associated with FDS participation (b= 1.12; 95% CI= 1.31 to 7.15; p= 0.010), high maternal education (b= 0.92; 95% CI= 1.09 to 5.83; p= 0.031), high family income (b= 0.96; 95% CI= 1.14 to 6.00; p= 0.023), strong social support (b= 1.24; 95% CI= 1.34 to 7.85; p= 0.009), high maternal knowledge (b= 1.24; 95% CI= 1.50 to 7.96; p= 0.004), high self efficacy (b= 0.92; 95% CI= 1.09 to 5.76; p= 0.030), appropriate complementary feeding (b= 0.96; 95% CI= 1.15 to 6.02; p= 0.023), and active integrated health post visit (b= 1.03; 95% CI= 1.15 to 6.90; p= 0.024). Conclusion: Child nutritional status is positively associated with FDS participation, high maternal education, high family income, strong social support, high maternal knowledge, high self efficacy, appropriate complementary feeding, and integrated health post visit. Keywords: child nutritional status, family development session, integrated health post visit Correspondence: Nisaus Zakiyah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: nizakiyaah@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285235948995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.106
Biological and Social-Economic Determinants of Child Development: A Path Analysis Evidence from Surabaya, East Java
Authors:   Masters Program inPublic Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Pujangkara Ajeng Ayu Titah , Salimo Harsono ,   Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Previous study reported that numerous nutritional-related interventions have been shown to improve health aspect for young children. However, social and economic factors also played an indirect role to their nutritional and health fulfillment. The purpose of this study was to examine biological and social-economic determinants of child development using path analysis model. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was carried out at early childhood education programs (PAUD) in Wonokromo Sub-district, Surabaya, East Java. A sample of 200 children aged 2-5 years old from 25 PAUD was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was child development. The independent variables were nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, number of children, family income, maternal education, and maternal employment status. The data were analyzed by path analysis. Results: Child developmental disorder directly increased with poor nutritional status (b= 0.95; 95% CI= 0.03 to 1.86; p= 0.041), low family income (b= 2.01; 95% CI= 1.13 to 2.90; p < 0.001), mothers working outside the home (b= 0.85; 95% CI= 0.07 to 1.63; p= 0.032), exclusive breastfeeding (b= 2.05; 95% CI= 1.23 to 2.86; p<0.001), and number of children ≥2 (b= 1.21; 95% CI= 0.20 to 2.23; p= 0.019). Child developmental disorders indirectly increased with maternal education. Conclusion: Child developmental disorder directly increases with poor nutritional status, low family income, mothers working outside the home, exclusive breastfeeding, and number of children ≥2. Child developmental disorder indirectly increases with maternal education. Keywords: child development, biological, social-economic determinants Correspondence: Ajeng Ayu Titah Pujangkara. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ajengayutitah@gmail.com. Mobile: +628116119511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.107
Risk Factors of Stunting in Children Aged 25-59 Months in Kotagede I Health Center, Yogyakarta
Authors:   Study Program in Midwifery, Health Polytechnics Ministry of Health, Yogyakarta, Putri Tyas Aisyah ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Kusmiyati Yuni ,   Study Program in Midwifery, Health Polytechnics Ministry of Health, Yogyakarta, Kurniati Ana ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is a cyclical process because women who were themselves stunted in childhood tend to have stunted offspring, creating an intergenerational cycle of poverty and reduced human capital that is difficult to break This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of stunting in children aged 25-59 months. Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted at Kotagede I health center, Yogyakarta. A sample of 78 children aged 25-59 months was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal height, and maternal education. The data were obtained from questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The risk of stunting increased with low birth weight (aOR= 4.24; 95% CI= 1.70 to 10.60; p= 0.001), non-exclusive breastfeeding (aOR= 2.43; 95% CI= 1.28 to 4.62; p= 0.010), short maternal height (aOR= 2.13; 95% CI= 1.79 to 2.53; p= 0.002), and low maternal education (aOR= 2.30; 95% CI= 1.12 to 4.69; p= 0.033). Conclusion: The risk of stunting increases with low birth weight, non-exclusive breastfeeding, short maternal height, and low maternal education. Keywords: stunting, low birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal height Correspondence: Tyas Aisyah Putri. Study Program in Midwifery, Health Polytechnics Ministry of Health, Yogyakarta. Jl. Tatabumi 3 Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Email: taisyah1996@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285725003949. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.112
Contextual Effect of Village and Other Determinants on Infant Mortality: A Multilevel Analysis from Karanganyar, Central Java
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Palupi Endang , Salimo Harsono ,   Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Rural children face higher mortality rates than their urban counterparts. Although the rural disadvantage in average child survival in developing countries is firmly established, its explanation is less clear. Several studies suggest that household-level factors appear to be important in explaining rural-urban differences in child mortality. This study aimed to examine the contextual effect of village and other determinants on infant mortality in Karanganyar, Central Java. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Karanganyar, Central Java, from February to May 2020. A sample of 200 infants aged 1 to 23 months was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was infant mortality. The independent variables were exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional intake, immunization status, maternal education, family income, and contextual effect of village. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple multilevel logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Infant mortality decreased with exclusive breastfeeding (b= -5.10; 95% CI= -9.60 to -0.59; p= 0.026), high family income (b= -5.96; 95% CI= – 9.91 to -2.02; p= 0.003), high maternal education (b= -4.09; 95% CI= -7.79 to -0.38; p= 0.030), and complete immunization (b= -4.67; 95% CI= -8.69 to -0.67; p= 0.022). Infant mortality increased with poor nutritional status (b= 4.99; 95% CI= 1.79 to 8.19; p= 0.002). Village had contextual effect on infant mortality with ICC= 32%. Conclusion: Infant mortality decreases with exclusive breastfeeding, high family income, high maternal education, and complete immunization. Infant mortality increases with poor nutritional status. Village has contextual effect on infant mortality. Keywords: infant mortality, contextual effect of village Correspondence: Endang Palupi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: epalupi11@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281331872723. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.114
Determinants of Immunization Completeness of Infant in Karanganyar, District, Central Java
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Ulfah Maharani , Respati Supriyadi Hari ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Indonesia launched the Expanded Program for Immunization (EPI) in 1977. However, immunization coverage remains far below the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization (WHO) target of 80%. The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of immunization completeness of infant in Karanganyar, District, Central Java. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out at 21 community health centers in Karanganyar, Central Java, from January to March 2020. A sample of 200 mothers who had children adged 12-23 months was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was immunization completeness. The independent variables were intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived barrier, perceived benefit education, and knowledge. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13. Results: Infant immunization completeness was directly increased by high perceived benefit (b= 2.98; 95% CI= 1.50 to 4.47; p<0.001), positive attitude (b= 3.12; 95% CI= 1.58 to 4.66; p<0.001), strong intention (b= 3.55; 95% CI= 1.98 to 5.12; p<0.001), and supportive subjective norm (b= 2.95; 95% CI= 1.48 to 4.42; p<0.001). Infant immunization completeness was directly decreased by high perceived barrier (b= -2.01; 95% CI= -3.20 to -0.81; p= 0.001). It was indirectly affected by education and knowledge. Conclusion: Infant immunization completeness is directly increased by high perceived benefit, positive attitude, strong intention, and supportive subjective norm. Infant immunization completeness is directly decreased by high perceived barrier. It is indirectly affected by education and knowledge. Keywords: immunization, completeness, health belied model, path analysis Correspondence: Maharani Ulfah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: maharaniulfahh@gmail.com. Mobile: +628213558003557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.115