bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHROMIUM TOXICITY AMELIORATED BY 24-EPIBRASSINOSTEROIDS IN CORIANDRUM SATIVUM
Authors: Fatima Noor , Kamran Atif , Pervaiz Sana , Komal Lubaba
Published: November 2024

Cr (VI) stress poses a significant challenge to plant growth and development, resulting in reduced yields andeconomic losses in agriculture globally. Coriander is the oldest spice of the world. It is basically a leafyvegetable rich in protein, vitamins and dietary products. 24-Epibrassinosteroids (BRs) have been identified asregulators of stress responses, by associating with the expression of genes associated with stress. This studyaimed to investigate the effects of 24-Epibrassinosteroid on Chromium (VI) toxicity in (Coriandrum sativum)plant. An experiment is designed to study the effect of Antioxidant hormone 24-epibrassinosteroid to eliminatethe toxicity of chromium (50 μmol and 100 μmol). The experiment consisted of two varieties (Dhania andcoriander) under Cr stress. The findings revealed that the application of 24-Epibrassinosteroids mitigate thenegative impacts of heavy metal chromium on plant growth. It resulted in significant improvements in variousparameters related to plant growth, yield and biochemical processes. Overall, the result suggested that theapplication of 24-Epibrassinosteroid could effectively alleviate the detrimental effects of heavy metal stress,ultimately enhancing the growth and productivity of coriander plants. Molecular docking presented that there isstrong affinity between 24-epibrassinosteroid (24-Ebr) and defense protein (1-Psd) with four hydrogen bondsobserved through autodock Vina. This prediction shows improved defense mechanism in peas with theapplication of brassinosteroid to cope with chromium stress which needs to be farther investigated.
Implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam Sebagai Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Islami Siswa Di SMP Negeri 1 Praya
Authors: Karnain Zul , Rahman Junaidi
Published: November 2024

Abastrak
Saat ini masyarakat Indonesia telah mengalami berbagai ketimpangan hasil pendidikan. Budaya yang cenderung negatif akan mempengaruhi tingkah laku mereka, misalnya kurangnya kesopanan terhadap guru dan orang tua. Pendidikan maupun program yang mengarah pada karakter benar-benar sangat diperlukan. Pendidikan Agama Islam pada dasarnya merupakan pendidikan yang dianjurkan oleh Islam sebagai upaya untuk membentengi krisis moral yang semakin berkembang. Dengan adanya perkembangan zaman yang terus maju tidak menutup kemungkinan bagi siswa-siswi di SMP Negeri 1 Praya untuk melanggar kedisiplinan seperti membolos, menentang terhadap guru, dan itu merupakan prilaku yang tidak baik. Disinilah, peran Pendidikan Agama Islam itu sendiri sangat penting dalam membentuk prilaku (Akhlak) setiap siswa untuk menjadi orang yang dewasa, mandiri, dan memiliki akhlak yang baik.
Berdasarkan latar belakang diatas, maka penelitian ini fokus pada rumusan masalah sebagai berikut : 1) Bagaimana Implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam Sebagai Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Islami Siswa Di SMP Negeri 1 Praya.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif pula. Dalam proses pengumpulan data, penulis menggunakan metode observasi, interview, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian penulis menemukan bahwa Implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam Sebagai Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Islami Siswa Di SMP Negeri 1 Praya sudah cukup baik, hal ini terbukti dengan adanya berbagai kegiatan pembentukan karakter pada siswanya. Seperti sholat duha berjamaah setiap akan masuk kelas untuk mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, sholat duhur berjamaah, sholat Jum’at wajib di sekolah, serta pembacaan doa dan asmaul husna di pagi hari sebelum pembelajaran dimulai, berbagai kegiatan tersebut sudah rutin dilakukan setiap harinya. Selain itu juga diberikan motivasi-motivasi untuk berperilaku baik melalui kisah-kisah teladan. Dari kegiatan-kegiatan yang sudah dilaksanakan, siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Praya, mereka sudah menunjukan perilaku yang positif.
TINJAUAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM SEBAGAI GURU IDEAL
Authors: Taufik Ahmad , Hana Siti , Nofan Zulfahmi Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Pembicaraan tentang guru ideal pada hakikatnya dalam pendidikan Islam adalah membicarakan sesuai pencapaian kompetensi profesional bagi sosok guru ketika mau membimbing ataupun mau mendidik beberapa siswa menjadikan manusia yang  banyak ilmu, mengikuti dasar iman maupun akhlak mulia, hingga mereka mau menjadi sukses dunia maupun akhirat. Dalam Islam mengenai kompetensi guru ideal merupakan sebuah paham dengan pengajaran mengenai tiap pekerjaan harus terlaksana terhadap orang beriman, berilmu maupun kompetensi profesional dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Pendidikan menjadikan refleksi teori melalui telaah pemikiran manusia  mempunyai banyak masalah berkaitan pendidikan terkadang segala upaya memecahkannya secara mendasar dan sistematis. Sedangkan pendidikan sebagai praktek merupakan aktivitas manusia mendidik peserta didik untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu yang diidealkan.  Guru ideal dalam pendidikan Islam menurut perspektif al-qur’an sesungguhnya diambilkan dari adanya pendapat mufasir yang memberikan penekanan paling tidak terdapat empat surat didalam al-qur’an yang membicarakan tipe seorang guru yang ideal dalam mendidik. Ideal dalam ilmu dan kemampuan, sikap, metode dan sebagainya. Dari sinilah yang dapat ditarik pemahaman bahwa guru ideal dalam pendidikan Islam yaitu menekankan pada seorang guru untuk melakukan pekerjaan sebagai pendidik dilakukan secara ideal. Demikian pula dengan profesi guru harus dilakukan secara profesional. Dalam Islam, setiap pekerjaan harus dilakukan secara profesional, dalam arti harus dilakukan secara benar. Hal ini hanya mungkin dilakukan oleh orang yang ahlinya. Apapun jenis profesi yang disandang, hendaknya dilakukan dengan profesional.
Лексические единицы разговорно-бытового стиля в даргинской художественной и в устной речи
Authors: П.М. Габибуллаева , Р.М. Чапаева
Published: November 2024

в статье анализируются лексические единицы разговорно-бытового стиля в даргинской устной и художественной речи. В художественных текстах и в разговорной речи носителей даргинского языка отмечается достаточно частое использование варваризмов, из русского языка. Данное явление приобретает с каждым днем все более активный характер, так как все чаще и чаще наблюдаются случаи влияния русского языка на дагестанские языки, в том числе и на даргинский. Употребление варваризмов похоже на использование экзотизмов (названия реалий, свойственных культуре и быту другого региона) с точки зрения того, что они являются для выражения представлений об иностранных государствах, других народах, их жизни, обычаях и традициях. А варваризмы не несут такой ценности, варваризмы рождают речевой стиль, называемый смешанной речью. Данный стиль с точки зрения требований культуры речи даргинского языка считается отрицательным явлением. В просторечной лексике особо выделяются вульгаризмы, которые относятся к числу вне литературных слов. вульгаризмы являются такими просторечными словами, которые несут на себе разную экспрессию грубости: они всегда выступают в речи в параллельных обозначениях понятий, выражаемых литературными словами не только точней и сдержанней, но и несравненно доходчивей и выразительней.

the article analyzes the lexical units of colloquial and everyday style in Darginian oral and artistic speech. In literary texts and in the spoken language of native speakers of the Darginian language, there is a fairly frequent use of barbarisms from the Russian language. This phenomenon is becoming more active every day, as cases of the influence of the Russian language on Dagestan languages, including Dargin, are increasingly observed. The use of barbarisms is similar to the use of exotisms (names of realities peculiar to the culture and way of life of another region) in terms of the fact that they are used to express ideas about foreign countries, other peoples, their lives, customs and traditions. And barbarisms do not carry such a value, barbarisms give rise to a speech style called mixed speech. This style is considered a negative phenomenon from the point of view of the requirements of the speech culture of the Dargin language. Vulgarisms, which are among the non-literary words, stand out in the vernacular vocabulary. Vulgarisms are such colloquial words that carry different expressions of rudeness: they always appear in speech in parallel designations of concepts expressed in literary words not only more precisely and restrained, but also incomparably clearer and more expressive.
Разработка модели интеграции дистанционной формы обучения со школьниками с ОВЗ
Authors: Ю.Н. Мукминова
Published: November 2024

в статье представлена модель интеграции дистанционной формы обучения со школьниками с ОВЗ. Цель: представление организационной модели развития школьников с ОВЗ в процессе дистанционного обучения. Задачи: 1) обосновать необходимость применения дистанционной формы обучения со школьниками с ОВЗ при медицинских показаниях; 2) проанализировать структуру модели дистанционной формы работы; 3) выделить преимущества и методы используемой модели обучения. Гипотеза: в нашей работе мы предполагаем, что использование модели интеграции дистанционной формы обучения со школьниками с ОВЗ станет возможностью для повышения интереса к школьному предмету и достижения индивидуального плана. Методы: использованы описательный, сравнительно-сопоставительный и аналитический методы. Результаты: в статье представлены условия, задачи, методы и роль педагога и детей в индивидуальном обучении. Автор приходит к выводу, что разработка модели интеграции дистанционной формы обучения со школьниками с ОВЗ 8-9 классов по предмету «Информатика» показала видимый результат, интерес к предмету у обучающихся, а также желание развиваться в рамках своего индивидуального плана. Предлагаемая модель обучения может быть использована при домашнем обучении, предметной подготовке и личностному стремлению к усвоению материала.

the article presents a model of integration of distance learning with schoolchildren with disabilities. Objective: to present an organizational model of development of schoolchildren with disabilities in the process of distance learning. Objectives: 1) to justify the necessity of using the distance form of education with schoolchildren with disabilities with medical indications; 2) to analyze the structure of the model of distance form of work; 3) to highlight the advantages and methods of the used model of education. Hypothesis: in our work we assume that the use of the model of integration of distance learning with schoolchildren with disabilities will be an opportunity to increase interest in the school subject and to achieve an individual plan. Methods: descriptive, comparative and analytical methods were used. Results: the article presents conditions, tasks, methods and the role of the teacher and children in individualized learning. The author concludes that the development of the model of integration of distance learning with students with disabilities in grades 8-9 in the subject "Informatics" showed visible results, interest in the subject among students, as well as the desire to develop within the framework of their individual plan. The proposed learning model can be used for home schooling, subject preparation and personal striving to assimilate the material.
Анализ повести В.Г. Распутина «Прощание с Матёрой» с точки зрения экокритики
Authors: С. Сюй
Published: November 2024

экокритика – это сочетание литературоведения и современного экологического мышления, экологизация литературоведения и комплексный ответ на экологический кризис, а русская экологическая литература – сила, с которой необходимо считаться в тенденции развития экологической литературы в мире в XX веке. В своей повести «Прощание с Матёрой» Распутин показывает и размышляет о взаимоотношениях человека и природы, человека и общества, человека и человека, и даже человека и самого себя, стремясь объяснить, какой ущерб этим отношениям наносят антропоцентрические ценности. Взяв в качестве объекта исследования повесть Распутина «Прощание с Матёрой», данная статья применяет теорию эко-критики для детального анализа и изучения экологических коннотаций в повести. Анализ будет сосредоточен на трех аспектах: взаимоотношениях человека и природы, влиянии модернизации на характер молодого поколения и нравственных и духовных проблемах человека в условиях экологического кризиса, чтобы показать экологическую реальность в повести Распутина и в то же время осмыслить поиск в повести экологического пути спасения.

ecocriticism is the combination of literary studies and contemporary ecological thinking, the greening of literary studies, and a comprehensive response to the ecological crisis, and Russian ecological literature is a force to be reckoned with in the trend of ecological literature in the world in the 20th century. In his novel “Farewell to Matyora”, Rasputin demonstrates and contemplates the relationship between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and even man and self, aiming to explain the damage caused by anthropocentric values to these relationships. This paper takes Rasputin's novel “Farewell to Matyora” as the object of study, and applies ecocritical theory to analyze it in detail and explore the ecological connotations in the novel. The analysis will focus on three dimensions: the relationship between human and nature, the shaping of modernization on the character of the young generation, and the problem of human morality and spirituality in the ecological crisis, to show the ecological reality in Rasputin's novel, and at the same time to reflect on the novel's search for an ecological path to salvation.
Differing approaches to reaching Net Zero: pathways and timing
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Miller Jack
Published: November 2024

The UK aims to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. While industry support for the target is growing, some argue the target must be brought forward to limit global warming to 1.5°C.
Developments in the diagnosis of disease for medicine and public health
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Vagnoni Cristiana
Published: November 2024

Advances in diagnostic tools could improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. But how can patient trust and equitable access be ensured?
Assisted dying
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Gajjar Devyani , Hobbs Abbi
Published: November 2024

This POSTbrief provides a brief overview of assisted dying, including ethical debate and stakeholder opinion. It examines how assisted dying functions within health services in countries where it is a legal option, focusing on jurisdictions where most data are available on outcomes: Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Oregon (United States), Switzerland and Victoria (Australia). It also covers evidence and expert opinion on key practical considerations that are raised in the context of assisted dying.
Any-nucleus Distributed Active Programmable Transmit Coil
Authors: Han Victor , Reeder Charlie , Hernández-Morales Miriam , Liu Chunlei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: There are 118 elements. Nearly all elements have NMR active isotopes and 39 different nuclei have been shown to have biological relevance. Despite this, most of today’s MRI is based on only one nucleus – 1H. Goal(s): To significantly reduce the cost and complexity of imaging all potential nuclei. Approach: We present the Any-nucleus Distributed Active Programmable Transmit Coil (ADAPT Coil), with fast switches integrated into the coil itself which allows it to selectively excite any nucleus using digital controls. Results: Using the ADAPT Coil, we acquired 1H, 23Na, 2H, and 13C phantom images and 1H and 23Na ex vivo images at 3T. Impact: The ADAPT Coil enables arbitrary nucleus excitation in high field MRI, significantly reducing the cost and technological barriers of clinical translation of X-nuclei research. X-nuclei benefits include improved early diagnosis and treatment evaluation for cancer, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer’s, and many more.
Diffusion-Weighted SPECIAL Improves the Detection of J-Coupled Metabolites at Ultrahigh Magnetic Field
Authors: Mosso Jessie , Simicic Dunja , Lanz Bernard , Gruetter Rolf , Cudalbu Cristina
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Diffusion-weighted MR spectroscopy (dMRS) uniquely probes cell-specific tissue microstructure in vivo but most sequences suffer from long TE leading to signal loss by J-evolution and T2 relaxation. Goal(s): To propose an alternative dMRS sequence (DW-SPECIAL) with a shorter TE while preserving the benefits of the current gold-standard rodent sequence at high field (STE-LASER). Approach: DW-SPECIAL was tested in vivo in the rat brain and compared to STE-LASER. Results: DW-SPECIAL halved the minimum TE while reducing specific absorption rate compared to STE-LASER, thereby 1) improving the J-coupled metabolites’ diffusion properties estimation and 2) offering a new candidate sequence for human dMRS. Impact: With its shorter TE, our newly proposed DW-SPECIAL can serve as an alternative to STE-LASER when strongly J-coupled metabolites like glutamine are investigated, thereby extending the range of accessible metabolites in the context of diffusion-weighted MRS acquisitions at high field.
A Temporal-compensated Structure-preserving Enhancement Network (Tco-SEN) for Abdominal Four-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Xiao Haonan , Li Wen , Li Tian , Cai Jing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Four-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (4D-MRI) shows promise for motion management in abdominal radiotherapy. However, the prevalent undersampling often hampers its image quality. Goal(s): To enhance the image quality of 4D-MRI, we propose Tco-SEN, a deep-learning model to exploit its properties. Approach: Tco-SEN employs a two-stage architecture and a customized loss penalty, enabling effective restoration of detailed features and preservation of anatomical structures. Results: Compared to state-of-the-art algorithms, Tco-SEN significantly enhances image quality by improving spatial resolution, reducing motion artifacts and noise, and preserving delicate structures. Furthermore, our method enhances the accuracy of subsequent motion modeling in 4D-MRI, highlighting its potential for clinical applications. Impact: Tco-SEN effectively improves the image quality of 4D-MRI, benefiting more accurate tumor delineation and motion estimation. This advancement promotes the application of 4D-MRI in cancer radiotherapy, ultimately enhancing the accuracy of abdominal cancer radiation treatment.
Advanced Imaging investigations of Fractal Dimension and Lacunarity measures of Glioma Subcomponents as Discriminator of IDH Status
Authors: Yadav Neha , Mohanty Ankit , Tiwari Vivek
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The presence of structural and geometric variations within gliomas, even among those with similar histologic grades, potentially reflect the phenotypic heterogeneity because of the distinct genetic and epigenetic landscape. Goal(s): To develop a non-invasive radiogenomic platform to identify IDH and MGMT status using the geometry of glioma subcomponent. Approach: Fractal dimension and Lacunarity, non-Euclidean geometric measures of glioma subcomponents, were estimated using MR images and wrapped in artificial intelligence-based models to discriminate IDH status and MGMT status. Results: The combination of fractal dimension or lacunarity of enhancing and nonenhancing glioma subcomponent is the definitive discriminator of IDH status as wildtype or mutant. Impact: Fractal Dimension and Lacunarity of Glioma subcomponents are unique for IDH-Mutant and IDH-Wildtype gliomas. Fractal-geometry analysis can serve as an effective non-invasive tool for identifying IDH-status prior to biopsy and surgical interventions, thereby improving the clinical management of glioma patients.
Preoperative prediction of MGMT methylation status in high-grade glioma based on MRI radiomics signature of habitat analysis
Authors: Yang Binju , Jiang Yueluan , Yang Song , Chang Miao , Fan Guoguang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To predict the oxygen 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status in high-grade gliomas (HGG) before surgery by using conventional MRI radiomics features within tumor habitat. Goal(s): To better understand the molecular characteristics of HGG. Approach: In 105 HGG patients, the whole tumor was segmented into 3subregions by Kmeans clusters on T2 and T1 contrast-enhanced images. Radiomic features were extracted from each subregion and the predictive performance of radiomics signature was compared with clinical data. Results: The efficiency of 3 subregions segmentation using Kmeans clustering with habitats analysis was the highest. The AUC of the model validation set was as high as 0.878. Impact: We developed a radiomic signature model that can be used to predict MGMT methylation status in HGG patients. This can be used as a tool to help clinicians assess MGMT methylation status in HGG patients and guide individualized treatment.
Choroid plexus atrophy in premanifest synucleinopathy using 7 Tesla MRI: an underlooked mechanism for α-synuclein accumulation?
Authors: Hannanu Firdaus Fabrice , Grimaldi Stephan , Singh Kavita , Koley Subhranil , Stefani Ambra , Videnovic Aleksandar , Garcia-Gomar Guadalupe , Bianciardi Marta
Published: November 2024

Motivation: As opposed to Alzheimer's disease, the mechanism linking neurotoxic protein accumulation to alterations in neurofluid turnover and in neuroimmunity due to choroid plexus (ChP) changes is understudied in premanifest synucleinopathy. Goal(s): To determine changes in the structure of ChP in premanifest synucleinopathy and to generate a ChP probabilistic atlas. Approach: ChP in multi-contrast 7 Tesla images of 12 premanifest synucleinopathy and 12 sex-and-age-matched controls were evaluated in terms of volume and signal intensity. Results: Reduced ChP volume in premanifest synucleinopathy suggested ChP atrophy that may result in neurofluid dynamics and neuroimmune function impairment; a probabilistic atlas of ChP was generated. Impact: ChP atrophy observed in premanifest synucleinopathy using high-resolution multi-contrast 7-Tesla MRI suggests a potential role of ChP in pathophysiology of synucleinopathies, urging further investigation. Probabilistic ChP atlas may aid precise MRI localization in future studies of ChP in living humans.
Fast imaging of intravenous Gadolinium-based contrast agents entrance into ventricular CSF via choroid plexus in healthy subjects
Authors: Sun Yuanqi , Cao Di , Li Yinghao , Pillai Jay , Paez Adrian , Pogson Jacob , Knutsson Linda , Barker Peter , Van Zijl Peter , Bakker Arnold , Ward Bryan , Hua Jun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Intravenously administered gadolinium-based-contrast-agents (GBCAs) can enter the lateral-ventricle (LV) via choroid-plexus (CP). However, systematic investigation of GBCA accumulation in ventricular CSF via CP in healthy subjects is limited. Goal(s): To measure GBCA-induced signal changes in the LV and CSF around CP immediately and 4 hours after intravenous GBCA administration. Approach: Dynamic-susceptibility-contrast-in-the-CSF (cDSC) MRI was performed in 25 healthy subjects. Results: At ~20s post-GBCA, GBCA-induced signal changes were detected in the CSF around CP but not in the rest of LV. After 4 hours, GBCA-induced signal changes also became significant in the entire LV. GBCA-amount in the LV showed an age correlation. Impact: These results provided direct imaging evidence that intravenous GBCA can pass the BCSFB in the CP and enter ventricular CSF in healthy subjects.
DeepGrasp4D: A General Framework for Highly-Accelerated Real-Time 4D Golden-Angle Radial MRI Using Deep Learning
Authors: Pei Haoyang , Chandarana Hersh , Sodickson Daniel , Feng Li
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Time-resolved real-time 4D MRI demands high imaging speed to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution. While conventional iterative reconstruction methods can accomplish this, they require substantial temporal correlations and impose a significant computational burden. Goal(s): This study proposes DeepGrasp4D, a deep learning technique tailored to efficiently reconstruct real-time 4D MR images with reduced temporal correlations and shortened scan times. Approach: DeepGrasp4D was developed based on an unrolled network that incorporates an explicit low-rank constraint and a temporal total variation constraint, enabling efficient reconstruction of 4D images from continuously acquired golden-angle radial k-space. Results: DeepGrasp4D enables accurate 4D MRI reconstruction at high acceleration rates. Impact: The proposed DeepGrasp4D technique enables efficient and reliable 4D MRI reconstruction from golden-angle radial data acquired with shortened scan times and reduced temporal correlations. This can be useful in various applications such as DCE-MRI or MRI-guided radiotherapy.
High-fidelity Four-dimensional Abdominal Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Enabled by SCOPER and Multi-Band acceleration (4D-DW-MB-SCOPER)
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Tian , Cai Jing , Chang Hing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: 4D-DWI can benefit the treatment planning in radiotherapy (RT) because of its high tumor-to-tissue contrast. Both 4D-DW-PROPELLER-EPI and 4D-DW-SCOPER have been proposed but suffer from long acquisition time, thereby limiting clinical applicationsGoal(s): This study aims to develop a new technique to achieve distortion-free 4D-DWI with a practical acquisition time. Approach: 4D-DW-SCOPER and multiband (MB) techniques were combined, termed 4D-DW-MB-SCOPER. In vivo experiments were performed. Results: Results indicate that 4D-DW-MB-SCOPER is feasible for achieving distortion-free 4D-DWI within 7 mins for a coverage of 176 mm in the Superior-Inferior (SI) direction, and has the potential to benefit treatment planning in clinical RT. Impact: The results might offer a new way for clinicians to perform 4D RT planning as well as for patients to have a better treatment outcome. However, the reconstruction time is long for the technique and need to be further investigated.
Establishment, behavioral, structural and functional characterization of a hindlimb amputation model in mice with multimodal MRI and MRS
Authors: Falfán-Melgoza Claudia , La Porta Carmen , Tappe-Theodor Anke , Weber-Fahr Wolfgang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Limb amputation frequently leads to pain in residual limb and phantom sensations, but there is no comprehensively described mouse model for translational research. Goal(s): To extensively phenotype a mouse model of limb amputation to investigate contributing factors of pain. Approach: Behavioral characterization and multimodal in vivo brain imaging (Voxel-based Morphometry, resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and MR-spectroscopy). Results: VBM showed reduction in primary somatosensory and visual areas (ipsilateral-hemisphere). Functional analysis showed potential neurocompensatory mechanisms and reorganization (left hemisphere). Metabolic data indicated reduced glutamate in the left somatosensory area, and increased N-acetylaspartate in the right somatosensory area. Impact: We phenotyped a mouse model of limb amputation and showed that sensory and motor areas are involved in the manifestation of pain, which strengthens previous evidence and guides future research.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography captures tumor invasiveness and therapy response in the invasive S24-glioma model
Authors: Fels-Palesandro Hannah , Heuer Sophie , Boztepe Berin , Streibel Yannik , Pan Chenchen , Weidenfeld Ina , Fischer Manuel , Sturm Volker , Dominguez-Azorin Daniel , Sinkus Ralph , Abdollahi Amir , Heiland Sabine , Winkler Frank , Bendszus Martin , Breckwoldt Michael , Schregel Katharina
Published: November 2024

Motivation: In a neurooncological setting clinically established MRI-sequences have shortcomings with regards to tumor invasion and therapy-associated parenchyma changes. Goal(s): Our goal was to determine if MRE and the ADC could improve detection of tumor cell invasion and radiotherapy effects. Approach: 23 tumor-bearing mice and 9 sham injected mice underwent MRE- and MRI-scans for up to 16 weeks, a subgroup of animals underwent additional radiotherapy. Results: MRE was sensitive to early tumor invasion and MRE and ADC captured radiotherapy effects so far not detectable with established MRI-sequences. Impact: In a preclinical setting the ADC and especially MRE allow for a better characterization of therapeutic effects and tumor cell invasion and should thus also be evaluated in a clinical setting.
Atlas-based Analysis and Deformation-Based Morphometry of Structural MRI to Study Effects of Hypertension on Rat Brain Structure
Authors: Wiskoski Haley , Do Loi , Zempare Marc , Carey Natalie , Delmendray Amy , Young Kimberly , Bohne Kimberly , Chawla Monica , Bharadwaj Pradyumna , Mitchell Kenneth , Alexander Gene , Barnes Carol , Trouard Theodore
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Hypertension (HTN) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline, with a need to understand its effects on brain function and structure using animal models. Goal(s): We aim to investigate impact of HTN on the brain of transgenic Cyp1a1-Ren2 rats through atlas-based and deformation-based analysis of high-resolution structural MRI. Approach: Rats were divided into control and hypertensive groups. Structural MRI was carried out, upon which atlas-based analysis and deformation-based morphometry were performed. Results: Induced HTN significantly affected peripheral organs but showed no significant brain volume changes or cognitive differences. This suggests potential brain protection mechanisms against HTN, warranting further investigation. Impact: This research explores effects of hypertension on the brain using a rat model and structural MRI. Results show the brain appears resilient to induced hypertension compared to peripheral organs, highlighting need for investigation into protective mechanisms and their potential degradation.
Regional ventilation measured by 3D phase-resolved functional lung MRI improves after dual bronchodilator treatment in patients with COPD
Authors: Klimeš Filip , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gutberlet Marcel , Kaireit Till , Grimm Robert , Wacker Frank , Hohlfeld Jens , Vogel-Claussen Jens
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Bronchodilators relieve the symptoms of respiratory conditions, such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). 3D PREFUL MRI offers a non-invasive assessment of pulmonary ventilation. It is unclear whether 3D PREFUL parameters are sensitive to ventilation changes induced by bronchodilators. Goal(s): To determine whether 3D PREFUL parameters enable to measure response to dual bronchodilator therapy in COPD. Approach: 3D PREFUL MRI and spirometry at baseline and 2 weeks after initiation of therapy. Results: Ventilation assessed by 3D PREFUL parameters significantly improved by bronchodilator therapy. Relative changes of 3D PREFUL ventilation defect percentage parameters were similar to relative change differences of FEV1. Impact: 3D PREFUL MRI derived ventilation maps show significantly reduced ventilation defects in COPD patients after bronchodilator therapy. This positions 3D PREFUL MRI as a promising candidate for non-invasive monitoring of regional ventilation changes in future clinical studies.
Dual-center repeatability and comparison of 3D phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) ventilation MRI at 3T
Authors: Klimeš Filip , Foo Chuan , Gutberlet Marcel , Voskrebenzev Andreas , McIntyre Richard , Wernz Marius , Müller Robin , Grimm Robert , Wacker Frank , Thien Frank , Vogel-Claussen Jens
Published: November 2024

Motivation: 3D phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI provides evaluation of ventilation during free-breathing without contrast agents. The repeatability of 3D PREFUL at 3T is unknown. Goal(s): To assess the performance of 3D PREFUL in dual-center setting and to compare 3T measurement to 1.5T. Approach: Dual-center 3D PREFUL MRI in healthy volunteersResults: 3D PREFUL was feasible at 3T scanners at both centers. The repeatability assessments showed a bias only for one parameter, where it was negligibly small. Significant differences of 3D PREFUL ventilation parameters were observed between 1.5T and 3T, suggesting for pronounced susceptibility effects at 3T. Impact: Despite the pronounced differences in ventilation parameters across the field strengths, consistently reproducible surrogates of ventilation markers were derived from 3D PREFUL MRI using a patient-friendly acquisition without the need for contrast agents and during free tidal breathing.
Simultaneous extraction of Oxygen enhanced MRI indices and α-mapping in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Tibiletti Marta , Short Christopher , Naish Jo , Waterton John , Abkir Mary , Semple Thomas , Padley Simon , Davies Jane , Parker Geoff
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Functional lung MRI methods based on different physical principles are available, but their relationship is not well understood in diseaseGoal(s): Compare dynamic oxygen-enhanced MRI and ‘α-mapping’ extracted from the same acquisition with lung clearance index (LCI) in a cystic fibrosis (CF) populationApproach: Oxygen enhancement at 30s to 60s after oxygen start and at plateau are compared with α-mapping in 45 CF patients. Results: α-mapping and OE-MRI correlate strongly with LCI, confirming their validity. Dynamic OE-MRI identifies areas of fast and slow enhancement, which may be areas of collateral ventilation. α-mapping cannot separate non-ventilated areas from areas of slow gas arrival. Impact: Dynamic OE-MRI and α-mapping are extracted from a single acquisition and compared in a cystic fibrosis population. Dynamic OE-MRI identifies areas of fast and slow enhancement, possible collateral ventilation. α-Index cannot separate non-ventilated areas from areas of slow gas arrival.
Acceleration of Ventilation-Weighted Free-Breathing Functional 1H MRI in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease
Authors: Munidasa Samal , Zanette Brandon , Dumas Marie-Pier , Wee Wallace , Braganza Sharon , Li Daniel , Woods Jason , Ratjen Felix , Santyr Giles
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Free-breathing pulmonary MRI acquisitions can be lengthy (i.e. 1-minute per slice) which can prove challenging for imaging pediatric lung diseases. Goal(s): The purpose of this work is to determine if reducing the free-breathing MRI scan time will produce stable ventilation defect measures that agree with hyperpolarized 129Xenon-MRI (Xe-MRI). Approach: Free-breathing MRI data acquired in cystic fibrosis patients were retrospectively truncated to compare measured Xe-MRI ventilation defects at shorter acquisition times. Results: Free-breathing MRI ventilation defects showed minimal variability and similar correlation strength to Xe-MRI following approximately 40% reductions in scan time. Impact: Free-breathing MRI can evaluate pulmonary ventilation in pediatric cystic fibrosis lung disease in agreement with 129Xenon-MRI but is lengthy. Accelerated free-breathing MRI allows for decreased scan durations, without compromising ventilation maps. This can potentially improve clinical translation, especially in pediatrics.
Preliminary Investigation of Feasibility, Tolerability, and Image Quality of Perfluoropropane Ventilation MRI in Pediatric Participants
Authors: Zanette Brandon , Alam Faiyza , Neal Mary , Thelwall Peter , Ratjen Felix , Santyr Giles
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Inert fluorinated gas MRI has potential as a lower cost alternative to hyperpolarized noble gas MRI for lung ventilation imaging. However, this technology has not yet been evaluated for use in pediatrics. Goal(s): To investigate the feasibility, tolerability, and image quality of inert fluorinated gas MRI with perfluoropropane (PFP) in pediatric participants. Approach: PFP MRI was performed in pediatric participants. Image quality, SNR, and ventilation defect percent (VDP) were evaluated. Results: PFP MRI was well-tolerated and successfully performed in all pediatric recruits. Image quality was good and permitted quantification of ventilation defect percent (VDP). Impact: PFP MRI was determined to be feasible in pediatrics, yielding ventilation images and image quality similar to hyperpolarized gas MRI. This may permit more widespread adoption for the study of pediatric lung disease in the future.
Reduced GABA level in ipsilateral thalamus correlates with cognitive impairment in stroke patients
Authors: Wang Zhenxiong , Wu Peng , Xu Yongzhou , Wei Xinhua
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Neurotransmitters are involved in diseases associated with cognitive impairment. Goal(s): Investigate the changes of the main inhibitory (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA) and excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamate and glutamine, Glx) for stroke patients and their correlation with cognitive impairment. Approach: GABA and Glx were measured using Meshcher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence in 20 ischemic stroke patients. Results: GABA to total creatine ratio (GABA/Cr) were reduced in the ipsilateral thalamus compared to the contralateral thalamus, and reduced GABA/Cr in ipsilateral thalamus was strong correlated with cognitive impairment. Thalamic GABA level could serve as a potential target for the evaluation and treatment of patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment. Impact: The levels of GABA, glutamate and glutamine (Glx) in thalamus can be noninvasively quantified using MRS based on MEGA-PRESS technique in ischemic stroke patients. Reduced GABA level in ipsilateral thalamus was associated with cognitive impairment in ischemic patients.
Reduced coupling between cerebrospinal fluid flow and global brain activity in post-stroke dementia with subcortical lesion
Authors: Zhang Nan , Cai Huaying , Ni Linhui , Han Guocan , Wu Dan , Zhao Zhiyong , Lin Zixuan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Post-stroke dementia (PSD) affects up to one third of stroke survivors but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Goal(s): We hypothesized that dysfunction in glymphatic system may play a role in the pathogenesis in PSD and aim to investigate it with non-contrast imaging method. Approach: Coupling between BOLD and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal was compared between PSD, post-stroke non-dementia (PSND) and normal controls. Results: Significant reduction in the BOLD-CSF coupling was found in PSD patients, which is negatively associated with cognitive test scores. Impact: The present work revealed a reduced BOLD-CSF coupling in PSD patients, indicating a potential abnormality in the glymphatic function.
Assessment of collateral flow in patients with carotid stenosis using random vessel-encoded arterial spin labeling
Authors: Lu Shanshan , Su Chunqiu , Cao Yuezhou , He Yining , Yan Lirong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The ability to characterize collateral flows is crucial for evaluating patients with steno-occlusive internal carotid artery disease (ICAD). A random vessel-encoded ASL (rVE-ASL) has been introduced as a non-invasive approach for mapping vascular territories. Goal(s): In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using a planning-free rVE-ASL to assess collateral flows in patients with ICAD by taking DSA as the golden standard. Approach: Prospective, case-control study. Results: rVE-ASL provides comparable information with DSA in determining the presence and the extent of collateral flows. The presence of flow alterations in the territory of middle cerebral artery may be attributed to symptomatic ICAD. Impact: Our study emphasized the clinical utility of a planning-free random vessel-encoded ASL (rVE-ASL) as a non-invasive tool for characterizing individual collateral pathways and its potential role in predicting and managing symptomatic patients with ICAD.
Dynamic evolution of infarct volumes at MRI in ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion
Authors: Munsch Fanny , Planes David , Fukutomi Hikaru , Courret Thomas , Micard Emilien , Chen Bailiang , Seners Pierre , Marnat Gaultier , Planche Vincent , Coupé Pierrick , Dousset Vincent , Lapergue Bertrand , Olivot Jean-Marc , Sibon Igor , de Schotten Michel Thiebault , Tourdias Thomas
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The typical infarct volume courses of stroke patients are still unknown. Goal(s): We aimed to reveal the spatiotemporal evolutions of infarct volumes and show that such charts help anticipate clinical outcomes. Approach: On a dataset of large vessel occlusion stroke patients, we performed unsupervised clustering approach to identify groups and then extrapolated pseudo-longitudinal core volume models across time for each group before assessing the growth phenotypes influence on outcome. Results: We identified three groups with different infarct growth profiles: slow: 11%, intermediate: 62% and fast: 27%, which translated into archetype brain locations. This growth phenotypes significantly predicted the 3-month handicap in two datasets. Impact: Infarct volumes show stereotypical spatiotemporal courses according to the patient phenotype of resistance to ischemia referred to as slow, intermediate, or fast progressors, which help to anticipate the clinical outcome for new patients.
PET and MRI identification of metabolically injured brain and associated resting state networks to predict outcome of DBS chronic stroke therapy
Authors: Chen Jacqueline , Huang Xuemei , Nemani Ajay , DiFilippo Frank , Jones Stephen , Lowe Mark , Baker Kenneth , Machado Andre
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Determine which chronic post-stroke patients with hand motor deficits will benefit from cerebellar deep brain stimulation (DBS). Goal(s): Test the hypothesis that patients with metabolic injury to fewer rsfMRI networks experienced greater motor improvement after DBS. Approach: Analysis of baseline 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET identified the most metabolically injured brain region (“PET-max-imbalance-region”) for 12 patients. The total number of rsfMRI networks and volume of functionally connected brain associated with the “PET-max-imbalance-region” were calculated. Results: : Lower numbers of rsfMRI networks intersecting the “PET-max-imbalance-region” and total volumes of brain contained within networks and functionally connected to the “PET-max-imbalance-region” were associated with greater arm function improvement after DBS. Impact: Metrics quantifying the extent of resting-state functional MRI networks associated with the most metabolically injured brain region could be considered as inclusion/exclusion criteria when evaluating candidates for cerebellar deep brain stimulation treatment for chronic post-stroke hand motor deficits.
Prognosis prediction based on penumbra and infarct core radiomics features in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Wu Xiaoling , Zhang Jing , Wang Fei , Zhang Xiao , Sun Mengzhou , Cai Pinjia , Li Zihan , Zhang Shuixing , Liang Xiaoyun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The identification and assessment of the penumbra are crucial for making the right treatment decisions and improving clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Goal(s): To develop a radiomics model based ASL and DWI to predict outcomes of AIS patients with clinical factors.Approach: Radiomics features were extracted from penumbra and infarct core in 151 patients with clinical parameters. Five-fold cross-validation was performed on 70% data sets, and the model performance was evaluated by an independent test cohort. Results: The joint model with 4 radiomics features from infarct core and NHISS score yielded highest AUC of 0.802. Impact: The combined model incorporating clinical factors and radiomics features based on infarct core and penumbra has achieved satisfactory performance in predicting the outcomes of AIS patients, which provides a non-invasive approach to optimize individualized treatment for AIS patients.
MR microscopy to assess clot composition following mechanical thrombectomy predicts recanalization and clinical outcome
Authors: Karimian-Jazi Kianush , Vollherbst Dominik , Schwarz Daniel , Fischer Manuel , Schregel Katharina , Bauer Gregor , Kocharyan Anna , Sturm Volker , Neuberger Ulf , Jesser Jessica , Herweh Christian , Ulfert Christian , Hilgenfeld Tim , Seker Fatih , Preisner Fabian , Schmitt Niclas , Charlet Tobias , Hamelmann Stefan , Sahm Felix , Heiland Sabine , Wick Wolfgang , Ringleb Peter , Schirmer Lucas , Bendszus Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus , Breckwoldt Michael
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard for ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Clot composition is underexplored in clinical practice, leading to standardized MT regardless of clot type. Goal(s): This single-center study examined clot composition in 60 LVO stroke patients using high-field MRI at 9.4T ("MR-microscopy"). Approach: MR microscopy correlated with histopathology, and quantifying the hyperdense artery sign (HAS) on pre-interventional CT further stratified clot composition. Results: MR microscopy successfully identified clot types—red (23%), white (28%), or mixed (48%)—with 95.4% accuracy. White clots required more passes during MT, had worse clinical outcomes, while red clots showed better first-pass recanalization rates. Impact: This study suggests clot imaging can personalize MT for improved outcomes in LVO stroke patients.
Cerebrovascular reactivity response delays from time regression analysis are uniquely correlated to recent stroke symptomatology in moyamoya
Authors: Han Caleb , Richerson Wesley , Garza Maria , Mishra Murli , Davis Taylor , Fusco Matthew , Chitale Rohan , McKnight Colin , Jordan Lori , Donahue Manus
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Moyamoya impairment is commonly assessed by anatomical MRI and angiography, yet these methods lack information on compensatory parenchymal behaviors. Goal(s): To evaluate whether cerebrovascular compliance measures reflect recent ischemic symptomology and may have relevance as biomarkers of stroke risk or as endpoints in interventional trials. Approach: We applied logistic regression analysis in 73 moyamoya participants to evaluate whether BOLD hypercapnia-induced reactivity or reactivity delays related to recent ischemic symptoms. Results: Reactivity delays in the flow territory of ischemic symptoms were found to be significantly lengthened compared to the asymptomatic territories. Maximum vasodilatory responses were less closely associated with symptoms. Impact: The sensitivity of the cerebrovascular reactivity timing profiles to recent ischemic symptomology suggests that the dynamics of vascular compliance may have clinical relevance as a diagnostic measurement of impairment or treatment response in moyamoya.
Predicting Ischemic Stroke Prognosis based on Lesion Structural and Functional Disconnections
Authors: Wu Ning
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Assessing stroke patients' prognosis is challenging due to complex neurophysiological mechanisms involved, with only lesion location accessible from DWI sequence. Goal(s): This study aims to use patients' lesion information, alongside its structural and functional disconnections, to predict their recovery. Approach: We designed a retrospective study using lesion information at admission along with its strctural and funcitonal disconnetion, combined with machine learning to predict the prognosis of 148 stroke patients six months post-stroke. Results: Our results suggested that the structural and functional disruptions of the lesion could explain and predict National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and prognosis of stroke. Impact: The results not only help us understand the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning stroke prognosis from the perspective of brain structural and functional connections, but also reveal potential targets for intervention treatments aimed at stroke recovery.