bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ingeniería electrónica para el desarrollo sostenible. Un enfoque integrador a través de los núcleos temáticos problemáticos
Authors: Ramírez Gutiérrez Julián Adolfo , García Cardona Diana María , Sendoya Losada Diego Fernando
Published: October 2023

Los Núcleos Temáticos Problemáticos (NTPs) son un enfoque pedagógico en el diseño curricular que busca integrar temas y problemáticas relevantes en un área de estudio con el fin de abordar tanto las necesidades disciplinares como las sociales. La metodología de NTPs promueve la interacción entre campos temáticos (conceptos, teorías y técnicas relacionadas con la disciplina) y campos problemáticos (desafíos y problemas reales que enfrenta la sociedad o la industria. Este estudio explora la metodología de diseño curricular basada en NTPs para el Programa de Ingeniería Electrónica de la Universidad Surcolombiana. El proceso de diseño curricular se basa en una investigación cualitativa, donde los docentes aportan sus conocimientos y experiencias, considerando sus interacciones con la comunidad académica y las redes profesionales a las que pertenecen. La perspectiva empresarial y gubernamental también se integra a través de los resultados del trabajo de mesas sectoriales presentes en el Marco Nacional de Cualificaciones (MNC). Posteriormente, se ajusta el diseño curricular considerando las perspectivas de empresarios, egresados y estudiantes. El resultado del proceso son los NTPs, que representan la intersección entre campos problemáticos y temáticos de la disciplina. Estos NTPs permiten la formulación de programas, proyectos y actividades que generan interacción entre los campos problemáticos y temáticos, promoviendo un enfoque sinérgico en la búsqueda de soluciones desde diferentes dimensiones. El estudio también aborda las Unidades Integradoras, que son categorías que clasifican áreas disciplinares en constante interacción con las demandas de la sociedad, así como con los ámbitos de investigación y desarrollo. Estas unidades se relacionan de forma interdependiente, buscando su desarrollo transversal a lo largo del currículo. Los NTPs identificados en la investigación están vinculados a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), ya que sintetizan las principales problemáticas recurrentes en los aportes de los diferentes grupos de interés. Los ODS permiten alinear los esfuerzos de los sectores público y privado a nivel local y mundial. El estudio presenta la identificación de varios NTPs relevantes para la ingeniería electrónica y su relación con el desarrollo sostenible, además de la forma como se manifiestan en el currículo de programa.
Current state of the land resources of Sumy region: problems and priority directions of their protection
Authors: Bohinska L. O. , Rybina O. I. , Prokopenko N. I. , Honcharov V. V.
Published: October 2023

Purpose. To assess the ecological condition of the Sumy region's soils and to develop priority directions for the protection of land resources of any form of ownership.

Methods. The theoretical method of system analysis, comparison and generalization were used in the framework of the conducted research. Current legal acts and research by scientists on land use problems served as the theoretical basis. Statistical data on the state of land resources of the Sumy region served as an information base for the analysis and comparison of phenomena.

Results. The ecological condition of the agricultural lands of the Sumy region was analyzed. Weaknesses in the existing soil protection system of the region were identified. Modern land use in most cases is not rational. Excessive plowing of agricultural land leads to depletion of land resources, depression of rural areas, disruption of the natural process of soil formation. Measures to improve and preserve the land cover and its rational use in the Sumy region are proposed. The use of analytical studies allows to thoroughly characterize the economic potential of agricultural lands of the Sumy region, to determine the prospects for their use, reproduction and increase in fertility, which corresponds to the interests of the state, territorial communities, their population and economic entities on the land. The land reform, which is being carried out in Ukraine, sets itself the main task of opening a free land market, is a nationwide phenomenon and relies on the support of the rural population.The work also deals with the issues of land management, land management planning taking into account rational nature management and the land protection system.

Conclusions. Land protection is becoming increasingly important as it affects the protection of the natural environment, including forests, waters, subsoil, wildlife and atmospheric air. Improving the state of land resources is a prerequisite for increasing the volume of agricultural production and creating an effective agricultural land market in Ukraine. Therefore, it is important to implement an effective model of land relations and build a perfect legal framework to ensure rational land use.
Monitoring of the radiation background of the city of Uman: after 10 years
Authors: Ogilko S. P.
Published: October 2023

Purpose. Assess the possibility of using radiation background indicators for environmental monitoring.

Methods. Еmpirical; modeling; comparative.

Results. The main methodological approach is the assumption of the possibility of applying the concept of noospheric ecosystems (in particular, infraecosystems) for monitoring studies. Dangerous impact with a possible increase in the radiation background on the territory of the Uman NUS can be caused by enterprises: extraction and processing of decorative and building stone, limestone, gypsum, chalk and clay shale, sand, gravel, clay and kaolin. This impact can occur mainly through the products used in the improvement of the city of Uman and have a slightly higher radiation background (0.23-0.28 Mzv). Supplementing the database with new information, as well as their comparison using EGIS tools, allowed us to identify certain patterns in the change in radiation background values over the past 10 years (2013-2023): in most medical centers, which are located either in the area of private development or far from busy highways, the overall picture of radiation background values did not change significantly.

Conclusions. Repeated (after 10 years) measurements of the radiation background confirmed the conclusions of previous studies regarding purely natural or purely anthropogenic sources of small doses of radionuclides entering the environment within the city of Uman.
Diet typology as a factor of influence on environmental aspects of human life activity
Authors: Chelyabiieva Vi. M.
Published: October 2023

Purpose. To analyze the influence of the typology of food of the population of a certain geographical region on the health and life expectancy of people in that region. To identify biologically active substances with a positive effect on the health in order to use them in the development of health food products.

Methods. The antioxidant properties of red grape skin powder and its water-alcohol extract were studied. The moisture content of the obtained powder is no more than 6-7.5%. The powder of grape skins and its water-alcohol extract were introduced in the amount of 1% by mass into the model raw materials. Model raw materials are vegetable fats and oils. This raw material contains triglycerides of mono- and polyunsaturated higher carboxylic acids, which are subject to oxidation in air. This model raw were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the powder and water-alcohol extract of the powder of red grape skins. The antioxidant properties of the biologically active substances of the powder of the skins of red grape varieties were studied by the redox titration method.

Results. The introduction of powder or water-alcohol extract of the skin of red grape varieties into the model raw material increases the resistance of the raw material to oxidation. The addition of a water-alcohol extract inhibits the oxidation process more effectively than the powder. Research in model conditions at temperature showed that the peroxide value of vegetable fat increases by 1.1 times when the extract is added, sunflower oil and olive oil - by 1.6 times. Under these conditions, the peroxide number of control samples without additives increased by 2.3 times for vegetable fat, and by 2.5 times for sunflower and olive oils. The skin of red grapes is a source of antioxidants. Antioxidant properties are preserved by the powder obtained from the skin of red grape varieties by drying, as well as by the water-alcohol extract of this powder.

Conclusions. The skin of red grape varieties contains biologically active substances of the polyphenolic and stem series. These substances are powerful antioxidants. The skin of red grape varieties can be used in the technology of food for specific health purposes. This food to prevent heart diseases and gerontological purposes.
Endovascular and Hybrid Open and Endovascular Management of Blunt and Penetrating Zone III Carotid Artery Injuries
Authors: Strauss Shira A , Power Adam , Nagpal Sudhir K , Tso Michael K , Brenner Megan L , DuBose Joseph J , Roberts Derek J
Published: October 2023

Injuries to zone III of the carotid artery, located between the angle of the mandible and the skull base, are uncommon, associated with a high risk of adverse neurologic events and mortality, and challenging to treat. These lesions are difficult to access and treat surgically due to their anatomic location. Therefore, endovascular and hybrid open and endovascular techniques have emerged as a minimally invasive, and in many cases, safer and more effective alternative to open surgery. Endovascular techniques for use in this anatomical region include balloon catheter tamponade, embolization, balloon angioplasty, and endovascular stenting. Selection of the most appropriate treatment strategy is dependent on the: 1) concomitant injuries of the patient, 2) location (external versus internal carotid artery) and nature (intimal tear, dissection, pseudoaneurysm, transection, occlusion, or arteriovenous fistula) of the injury, and 3) whether the operating surgeon believes it is necessary to revascularize or sacrifice the injured carotid artery. The purpose of this article is to review the present endovascular and hybrid open and endovascular therapies available for zone III penetrating and blunt carotid trauma. We begin by describing the clinical presentation and diagnosis of these injuries and then discuss management of an undifferentiated zone III vascular injury. This is followed by a discussion of the management of zone III external and then internal carotid artery injuries. We conclude by describing postoperative management, follow up, and future directions.
Autismo no âmbito da formação de professores de Matemática e o relacionamento na sala de aula
Authors: Alexandre Pablina de Abreu , Victer Eline das Flores
Published: October 2023

O presente artigo trata da relação entre professores e alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista - TEA. As informações que se seguem têm o intuito de informar e se fazer entender como que acontece na prática a abordagem dessa temática dentro do ambiente acadêmico. O presente artigo mostrará qual a relevância da abordagem do tema dentro da formação de professores. A intenção é explorar em qual momento o professor tem a chance de se inteirar desse assunto, se isso ocorre na sua formação, ou se precisa buscar recursos por conta própria, depois de formado para que se possa suprir as lacunas que se formam nessa relação com seu aluno com TEA. Objetiva-se, então, tentar compreender de que maneira esse relacionamento pode ser facilitado, analisar formação desse professor e, verificar se existe uma forma a influenciar o jeito como esse aluno consegue absorver os conteúdos de matemática abordados e consequentemente favorecer uma melhor aprendizagem.
Implementation of Problem-Based Learning Model to Improve Learning Outcomes in Mathematics Subject
Authors: Agusti Tiwi Tri Setia , Sukmanasa Elly , Nurlaela Epon
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the learning outcomes of grade IV students on the implementation of problem-based learning models in mathematics subjects of operation materials, calculating, adding and subtracting numbers to 1,000. This type of research was a Classroom Action Research consisting of 2 cycles. The subjects of this study were grade IVB students of SDN Julang Bogor City. The data collection technique of learning outcomes used objective tests and analyzed with descriptive percentages. The results of this study showed an improvement in both the learning process, changes in student behaviour, and learning outcomes. The learning process of cycle I with a percentage of 97% then cycle II increased to a percentage of 98%, in the change in behaviour of students cycle I with a percentage of 70%, then cycle II with a percentage of 90% and the results of the completeness of students learning outcomes in cycle I 54% were completed, then cycle II increased by 92% which was complete. All aspects studied had increased from cycle I to cycle II. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of the problem-based learning model can improve the learning outcomes of grade IVB students of SDN Julang Bogor City.
Karakteristik Elektrokimia Lapisan Tipis PANi Dengan Variasi Scan Rate Elektrodeposisi
Authors: Dirgantari Frisellya , Putri Nugrahani Primary
Published: October 2023

Lapisan tipis Polianilin (PANi) telah berhasil dideposisi secara elektrokimia pada elektroda ITO. Proses elektrokimia dilakukan menggunakan variasi scan rate sebesar 10 mV/s, 25 mV/s, 50 mV/s, 75 mV/s, dan 125 mV/s. Variasi scan rate berpengaruh pada warna dan ketebalan lapisan PANi pada permukaan ITO. Semakin besar scan rate menyebabkan warna lapisan PANi semakin pudar. Hasil karakterisasi FTIR telah mengindentifikasi keberadaan fasa emeraldine salt (ES) pada lapisan PANi yang terdeposisi. Sedangkan dari karakterisasi CV memperlihatkan bahwa dengan meningkatnya scan rate akan memperlebar kurva CV lapisan PANi.

Kata Kunci: Polianilin, elektrodeposisi, scan rate, ITO

 

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANi) thin films have been successfully deposited electrochemically on ITO electrode. The electrochemical process was carried out using variations scan rate of 10 mV/s, 25 mV/s, 50 mV/s, 75 mV/s, and 125 mV/s. Scan rate variations affect the color and thickness of the PANi layer on the ITO surface. The greater scan rate causes the color of the PANi layer to fade. FTIR characterization results have identified the presence of phases emeraldine salt (ES) on the deposited PANi layer. Meanwhile, CV characterization shows that increasing scan rate will widen the CV curve of the PANi layer.

 Keywords: Polyaniline, electrodeposition, scan rate, ITO
EFEKTIVITAS SEKOLAH RUJUKAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MUTU PADA JENJANG PENDIDIKAN MENENGAH
Authors: Nauraida Indah Dwi
Published: October 2023

Referral schools are schools that have been fostered and have met the National Education Standards (SNP) and have developed excellent programs in line with the school's potential and community needs and have achievements in both academic and non-academic fields. This study aims to describe how the effectiveness of the referral school towards improving the quality of education in SMA N 1 Srengat. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The population of this study were residents of SMA N 1 Srengat including educators, education staff and students. Samples were taken using quota sampling totaling 50 people. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire and then processed using a percentage analysis technique. The results of the study revealed that the government's referral school program at SMA N 1 Srengat had been running effectively in tandem with the efforts to improve the quality of education. These results indicate that SMA N 1 Srengat has succeeded in improving the quality of education as an effort to help the government in the success of the referral school program.
Key words: Effectiveness; Referral schools; Quality improvement
MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN KELAS DALAM RANGKA MEMBENTUK AKUNTABILITAS INDIVIDUAL SISWA
Authors: Rohmatul Hidayanti Erielia , Triyanto Teguh
Published: October 2023

Classroom management is one part of the substance of school management, where in the classroom students will carry out the learning process in it. A teacher in this case must be able to condition the class so that it can run in a conducive and meaningful way for students. This article was compiled with the aim of knowing how the influence given by the class in forming an accountable attitude to students. The method used in this case is descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that in forming an accountable attitude to students, a teacher must pay attention to the learning methods carried out, the learning environment, climate, class and class discipline.
KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU BUDAYA PENDIDIKAN SISWA
Authors: Syamsul Falah Moh
Published: October 2023

Abstract : The principal as an institutional leader has become his duty to be able to organize and manage educational institutions properly. Especially in improving the quality of the culture that will be built. Therefore, school principals are required to be creative and active in being involved in it so that they can change in improving the quality of school culture. The quality of student education culture in question is the quality of a religious education culture, namely the quality of culture that leads to a prophetic culture. This research methodology uses a naturalistic qualitative approach by developing existing data through data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation. Then the data were analyzed with data reduction techniques, data display, verification, and conclusions. The results showed that the principal in improving the quality of Student Education Culture was carried out in various ways. First, school institutions involve parents as institutional partners by holding nabawi parenting activities. Second, the daily monitoring book which is brought home by students every day then filled in by parents and returned to school.

 

Keywords: leadership; quality culture; student education

 

Abstrak: Kepala sekolah selaku pemimpin kelembagaan sudah menjadi tugasnya untuk dapat mengatur dan mengelola lembaga pendidikan dengan baik. Apalagi dalam meningkatkan kualitas budaya yang akan dibangunnya. Oleh sebab itu, kepala sekolah dituntut untuk kreatif dan aktif dalam terlibat di dalammnya supaya dapat merubah dalam meningkatkan mutu budaya sekolah. Mutu Budaya Pendidikan siswa yang dimaksud adalah mutu budaya pendidikan yang religius yakni mutu budaya yang mengarah pada budaya kenabian. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif naturalistic dengan mengembangkan data yang ada melalui tehnik pengumpulan data observasi, interview, dan dokumentasi. Lalu data dianalisis dengan tehnik reduksi data, display data, verifikasi, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu Budaya Pendidikan Siswa dilakukan dengan berbagai cara. Pertama, Lembaga sekolah melibatkan orang tua sebagai partner kelembagaan dengan mengadakan kegiatan parenting nabawi. Kedua, buku monitoring harian yang setiap hari dibawa pulang oleh siswa lalu diisi orang tua dan dikembalikan ke sekolah.

 

Kata Kunci: kepemimpinan; budaya mutu; pendidikan siswa
Unveiling the Gender Influence on Autonomous Vocabulary Learning Strategies among Vietnamese EFL Teachers
Authors: Yen Phuong Hoang , Linh Nguyen Thi Thuy , Thi Nguyen Anh , Thao Le Thanh , Thuy Pham Trut , Tra Nguyen Huong , Thu Huynh Thi Anh
Published: October 2023

This study sought to explore the influence of gender on the strategies adopted by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Vietnam to enhance Learner Autonomy (LA) in vocabulary acquisition. Studying the influence of gender is particularly crucial in the Vietnamese context, as societal and cultural attitudes toward gender roles may distinctly impact pedagogical choices and, consequently, the efficacy of vocabulary learning strategies. Given the imperative role of English in global linguistic landscapes and the pressing need for effective vocabulary learning strategies, this investigation addresses a significant gap in current research by examining the gender-based pedagogical choices of EFL teachers. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 99 high school EFL teachers from the Mekong Delta region through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated a broad consensus across genders on the importance of strategies that foster autonomous vocabulary learning. However, male teachers held a stronger belief in the effectiveness of independent study for bolstering students’ autonomous vocabulary learning compared to their female counterparts. The reasons for this divergence were explored and linked to cultural factors, pedagogical beliefs, and personal learning experiences. These findings underscore the need for teachers, policymakers, and administrators to consider the complexity of gender-based influences when devising pedagogical strategies for enhancing vocabulary learning autonomy.
THE “OWN CLOTHES” PHENOMENON: PRACTICES FOR CREATION ATTACHMENTS TO CLOTHING
Authors:   HSE University, Salnikova Svetlana O.
Published: October 2023

The article explores the experience of interacting with newly purchased clothes to describe the practices by which relationships are formed with our everyday clothes, the ones that we later consider part of our wardrobe. The process of constituting a phenomenon of “our own” clothing is based on the phenomenology of perception, the affect theory, and the responses of fifteen focus group participants who recalled stories about newly acquired garments. The formation of attachment relationships can be divided into two stages: pre-wearing interaction, which may include choosing the right place in the wardrobe, washing, fitting or even alteration, trying on and searching for combinations with other clothes in the wardrobe; and the wearing process itself, in which the formation of relationships with clothing is influenced both by its material qualities – length, width, density and details, and our impression of the process, mediated not only by bodily sensations, but by the image of the body and comments about it.
THE INVESTIGATION IS BEING CONDUCTED BY (NON-)PROFESSIONALS. EXAMPLES FOR CREATING ANXIETY AND FEAR IN A DETECTIVE SERIES
Authors:   University of Debrecen, Molnar Angelika
Published: October 2023

This paper briefly discusses the psychological and philosophical issue of anxiety and fear in a non-canonical piece of pop culture – detective series “Lucifer”. On the stated topic, this show attracts attention, firstly, because it contains the problematization of various spiritual experiences, and secondly, it raises deep questions related to the search for the meaning of existence and being in terms of rethinking biblical allusions and images. In addition, the series can be analyzed from the point of view of the “psychology of art” (Lev Vygotsky), both because of the feeling of catharsis caused and the “affects of expectation” (see Ernst Bloch), especially in the season 5. Therefore, in it is possible to study the manifestation forms of anxiety and fear. These direct and indirect signs of the expression of open and hidden human experiences are verbalized and visualized by cinema in various ways: words, gestures, actions, behavior of heroes, etc. The author of the paper refers to them not on the example of thrillers (anxiety) and horror films (fear), but a series consisting of many series, because this can reveal a longer anxiety state and show the difference between fear and anxiety at the levels of thematization and realization.
POST-AVANT-GARDE PORCELAIN OF THE LATE 1920S – THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1930S AND POLITICAL PROPAGANDA ISSUES
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Shik Ida A.
Published: October 2023

Soviet porcelain of the late 1920s – the first half of the 1930s was an integral part of Stalin’s “propaganda for happiness” by means of artistic culture. Porcelain artists interpreted the themes of industrialization, the development of agriculture, the army and navy, “great construction projects”, northern expeditions and the industrial development of the Arctic, the Soviet East, the cultural revolution, sports in optimist manner typical for official aesthetic and propaganda discourses. Nevertheless, the porcelain of the late 1920s and the first half of the 1930s appropriated the ideas of Suprematism, Constructivism, Cubo-Futurism and Art Deco, the pictorial imitation of collage, as well as the combination of visual and verbal principles through the addition of inscriptions, inherited from propaganda porcelain. Artists often preferred generalized forms, used bright, contrasting colors, aimed to concise color (only several paints), graphic and some conventionality. Works of the late 1920s and early 1930s often corresponded with the porcelain of the first post-revolutionary years, reproducing its visual codes. It’s important to note the integration of images of modern, in particular, constructivist architecture, into thematic porcelain compositions.
THE FUNCTION OF EKPHRASIS AND METAEKPHRASIS IN PODCASTS ABOUT PLASTIC ARTS
Authors:   HSE Universit, Slobodian Elvira Yu.
Published: October 2023

The article for the first time distinguishes between the functions of ekphrasis, narrative ekphrasis and metaekphrasis in Russian podcasts about plastic arts on the example of eight episodes dedicated to painters and architects. Episodes of podcasts “Art for Guys”, “Talk About Art”, “About History and Art. Project YaAndArt”, “Walls have ears”, “Art and Facts” have become the empirical material of the research. By reviewing the content of episodes, it is proved that polyfunctionality is inherent in both ekphrasis, including its narrative version, and metaekphrasis. In particular, the examples given in the text of the article illustrate how the problem of limited visuality of audio narratives is solved due to ekphrastic descriptions. It also analyzes the construction of narrative ekphrasis in relation to artifacts with a plot and non-plot basis and indicates the contradiction between the elements of fiction in the speech of the presenters and the verifiability of art history knowledge. Finally, the manifestation of meta-ekphrasis is considered from the point of view of comparing works of art within the same type and between different types, critical interpretation of the author and description of ideological, political-critical, social-constructive contexts.
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: a review of pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, and treatment
Authors: Mikalauskas T. , Burnytė B.
Published: October 2023

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is the third most common muscular dystrophy characterised by weakness of the face, scapula, upper arm, and other muscles. It can also lead to problems with the eyes, hearing, breathing, heart, and central nervous system. The disease is divided into two types: the first type occurs in 95% of patients and the second type occurs in 5%. The phenotypic differences between the two types are not distinct, both resulting from dysregulation of DUX4 expression leading to skeletal muscle toxicity. The first type is characterised by a reduction in D4Z4 repeats, while the second type is characterised by mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators such as SMCHD1. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis, clinical features, and progression of the disease, but there is still no specific treatment due to the obstacles in the development of gene therapy. However, supportive measures, including physiotherapy and orthotics, can help improve muscle function and mobility, slow the progression of the disease, and control other symptoms. The disease can present in many ways, from an asymptomatic form to a life dependent on a wheelchair, so it is important for doctors to keep up to date with the latest information so they can identify this genetic disorder faster and help the patient live a full life.
Successful treatment of stiff-person syndrome with plasmapheresis: case report and literature review
Authors: Nasvytis M. , Kaladytė Lokominienė R.
Published: October 2023

Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurologic disease, most often caused by autoimmune process during which antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD65) are synthesised. The main clinical symptoms, among which are axial and proximal leg muscle stiffness and painful spasms, are often provoked by external triggers. In addition to those, the disease presents with anxiety, phobias, and other psychiatric symptoms. The most notable SPS comorbidities include temporal lobe epilepsy and type 1 diabetes mellitus. In this article, we present a clinical case of a patient illustrating the course of the disease, diagnostic difficulties, and treatment options, all of which are discussed in the literature review.
The Blue Molybdenum Reaction for the Determination of Phosphate in Natural Water and Detergent Samples
Authors: Ismail Vian S.
Published: October 2023

Background:

The ideal reaction conditions for the quantitative detection of phosphate in various natural water and detergent samples were carefully researched in order to produce and preserve the colored complex product. The blue complex was identified using a simple and accurate UV-VIS spectrophotometer with a maximum wavelength of 870 nm.

Even though phosphate is an essential ingredient for the development of aquatic species, it is important to know exactly how much is present because an excess amount of phosphate can eutrophic water. Since detergents are one of the sources of phosphate in natural water, determining the concentration of phosphate in detergent samples is also essential.

Materials and Methods:

The method is based on the addition of sodium molybdate, which causes the interaction of orthophosphate with molybdate to produce an intense, stable, and water-soluble phosphomolybdate blue complex. Then, this combination is reduced using hydrazine hydrate in a sulfuric acid solution.

Results:

With a correlation coefficient of 0.9944, the system complies with Lambert-Beer's law at 870 nm in a concentration range of (0.05-9) ppm. Molar absorptivity was determined to be 12.16x103 L mol-1 cm-1 and Sandell's sensitivity was found to be 0.0156 g cm-2. Water samples were collected from Warte, Choman, Jundeyan, and Bexal in Kurdistan's vicinity of Soran. Further, detergent samples that were obtained from the market and their phosphate level were examined. The Bexal waterfall had the lowest concentration of phosphate, 0.18 ppm, while the Warte and Jundeyan water samples had the highest concentrations, 3.31 ppm, and 3.04 ppm, respectively. Moreover, similar phosphate concentrations in the two detergent samples were discovered to be at 20.43 and 24.76 ppm.

Conclusion:

The molybdenum blue reaction has been successfully employed to provide a sensitive and quick measuring method to quantify the phosphate content in various water and detergent samples using UV-VIS spectrophotometry by applying the right reaction conditions and reagent quantities.
Comparative Analysis of Sinusoidal Oscillators with Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor in the Feedback Loop
Authors: Silva Henrique , Carlos Silvério Freire Raimundo , Fernandes de Araújo Jalberth , Correia Bezerra Sávio , Nathália Freitas Nunes Maria , Rube Maxence , Tamarin Ollivier
Published: October 2023

Surface acoustic wave sensors can be implemented within the feedback loop of sinusoidal oscillators for detecting pollutants. This detection process involves analyzing the variation of oscillator output voltage parameters, such as amplitude and oscillation frequency. However, each oscillator topology has a distinct operating range concerning frequency and component values. Therefore, a comparative analysis is necessary to determine the oscillator with optimal performance to use with the sensor. To obtain results, a surface acoustic wave sensor model was chosen based on a piezoelectric crystal with a resonant frequency of 117.6 MHz, and three sinusoidal oscillator topologies were used: Pierce, Colpitts, and Clapp. The oscillators were simulated with the sensor model in the feedback loop using the Montecarlo method. The simulation   occurred in two steps: individually varying each component by +/- 20% with 250 iterations, and simultaneously varying all components by +/- 20% with 1000 iterations. The variables analyzed in the simulations were amplitude, oscillation frequency, and a new parameter indicating the percentage of time there is an oscillation, termed "robustness." As a result, it was determined that all three oscillators generated oscillations in the output voltage, making them viable for use with the sensor. Furthermore, it was discovered that the Clapp oscillator had a robustness of 84.5%, while the Colpitts and Pierce oscillators had a robustness of 56.3% and 49.9%, respectively. Therefore, based on the results presented in this study, the Clapp oscillator is the optimal choice for use with the surface acoustic wave sensor.
Lateral PIN Photodiode with Germanium and Silicon Layer on SOI Wafers
Authors: Silva Fabio , Dória Rodrigo Trevisoli , Simoen Eddy , Andrade Maria G. C.
Published: October 2023

It has been verified through numerical simulations calibrated to experimental data the changes that the insertion of a germanium layer can bring to the electrical power generation of a silicon solar cell. The insertion of a germanium layer on top or below a silicon PIN diode designed in SOI technology has been considered. Results showed that different semiconductor characteristics (bandgap, mobility, and absorption coefficients) result in a general improvement in the solar cell performance, being able to reach a power 136% greater than the device without the heterogeneous layer. In the evaluated device the average power was improved from 9.43 nW to 14.92 nW with the Ge layer insertion. Besides that, the analysis has allowed for a better understanding of the phenomena that occur in the photogeneration of a cell with a heterojunction between germanium and silicon.
Science Learning Based on Higher Order Thinking Skill and Its Supporting Components
Authors: Diena Indah Annisa , Wilujeng Insih , Perdana Prisca Arzita
Published: October 2023

This article is a literature review article related to Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS)-based learning and its supporting components as one of the efforts in facing current educational challenges. The purpose of this article is to describe higher order thinking learning and it’s supporting components in successful learning. The data collection method used is literature study from various research reference sources and authors. The demand for increasing critical thinking skills can be overcome with real HOTS-based learning. Less than optimal achievement of HOTS-based learning objectives can occur due to lack of attention to supporting components in implementing HOTS-based learning. It is important to know and examine the supporting components in HOTS-based learning, including Teacher Competence, Facilities and Technology, Strategy, Student Motivation. This article provides an overview of how HOTS is applied in learning as well as the important components in the application of HOTS-based learning
Effectiveness of Android-Based Mobile Learning (M-Learning) on Molecular Shape Sub-Materials to Improve Students' Visual-Spatial Intelligence
Authors: Vanzal Tito , Dwiningsih Kusumawati
Published: October 2023

The factor causing students difficulties in understanding the shape of molecules is that students need to imagine the 3D structure of a molecule with images in 2D, so a visualization tool specifically designed to overcome problems related to this is needed. This study aims to determine the Effectiveness of Android-based M-Learning in the molecular shape sub-material to improve students' visual-spatial intelligence. This study used the 4D development model proposed by Thiagarajan (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) modified by Ibrahim so that it was only carried out until the development stage. The trial of M-Learning using a One-group pretest-posttest design. The subject in this research is class IX F-3 with a number of 27 students. The effectiveness of Android-based M-Learning in terms of the increase in student learning outcomes as measured by the value of the molecular shape pretest-posttest which contains 10 multiple choice questions related to the molecular shape sub-material and visual-spatial pretest-posttest which contains 6 multiple choice questions related to spatial-visual intelligence. Research results show the molecular shape test and visual-spatial, each obtained an N-Gain of 0.63 – 1 with moderate and high feature scores. which is effective in terms of increasing student learning outcomes
Development of Student Worksheets with Creative Values Through Project-Based Learning Model on Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Material
Authors: Hasibuan Molani Paulina , Sari Ratih Permana , Santi Santi , Lubis Nur Azizah
Published: October 2023

Student worksheets give students the opportunity to participate in hands-on learning, discover strengths and learn from their mistakes. This research aims to produce student worksheets with creative values through the Project Based Learning model on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials.  This research is a development research, the method used in this research is the R&D (Research and Development) method with the ADDIE model modified into ADD, namely Analysis, Design and Development. The instrument in this research is a needs questionnaire, media and material expert feasibility questionnaire, teacher response questionnaire and student response questionnaire. The results showed that chemistry teachers need student worksheets with creative values through the Project Based Learning model on the material of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions. The feasibility of student worksheets was obtained at 77.08% with a feasible category, the practicality was in the very practical category with an average score of 89.50% and the attractiveness of student worksheets in the very attractive category with an average score of 89.97%. So it can be concluded that the developed creative value-loaded student worksheets is feasible to use in learning.
Incidence of Brinjal Mosaic Virus and Brinjal Little Leaf Diseases in Dipel-Organic Insecticide Combination Treatments
Authors:   Division Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture,Annamalai University Annamalainagar 608 002 TamilNadu., P NARAYANASAMY , V RAGUNATHAN ,   Senior Plant Pathologist, Central Plant Protaction Training Institute Hyderabad, P BASKARAN ,   Division Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture,Annamalai University Annamalainagar 608 002 TamilNadu.
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate different Dipel (a bacterial formu lation - Bacillus thuringiensis var atesti Berliner) mosaic virus and brinjal little leaf diseases as they are prevalent in this part of the country. It was found that Sevin + Dipel was superior for Brinjal mosaic virus and Thiodan and Ekalux + Dipel. (alternate day sprays) for little leaf. The chemicals brought about a decline in the respective vec- 101 populations effectively.
An Advanced Irrigation Method for Better Yield in Cotton
Authors:   Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, O PADMAKUMARI , R.K SIVANAPPAN ,   Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

An attempt has been made to explain the differences in yields between planti irrigated by drip method using different emitters along with furrow irrigation. The cost per hectare by using the hole and socket as well as microtube emitter is about Rs. 6250/- The cost per hectare of the polythene hose is about Rs. 3600/-. But in this method; the yield is not upto the mark and is also not suitable for areas of high wind velocity Besides this can be used for a long time. By adopting drip irrigation with hole and socket or microtube emitters using alkathene pipes, the area of cultivation can be increased by three times with the available water and is one of the host methods for achieving high yield as well as better water use efficiency.
Inheritance of Testa Colour in Groundnut (Arachis hy pogaea L.)
Authors:   All India Coordinated Research Project of Oilseed Main Centre Tindivanam, S.T NATARAJAN , M.R SATHIAMOORTHY ,   All India Coordinated Research Project of Oilseed Main Centre Tindivanam, T.K RAMACHANDRAN ,   Assitant Professor, Department of Agricultural Botany, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, S THANGAVELU ,   All India Coordinated Research Project of Oilseed Main Centre Tindivanam
Published: October 2023

Analysis of nine Fe progenies of intervarietal hybrids in (A. hypogaea) groundnut showed that red testa in monogenic and dominant to rose; purple is also monogenic but incompletely dominant to rose. A three factor segregation is met with in crosses between varieties possessing red x white and rose x white colour of testa indicating that the varieties with white colour of testa also carried the factor for red
Influence of Nitrogen and Stages of Cutting on the Fodder Yield, Crude Protein and Mineral Content of Maize Varieties
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P SURESH KUMAR , K.K KRISHNAMOORTHY ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P MUTHUSAMY ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

Maize (Zea mays L.) varieties Gange 5. F2 of Ganga 5 and Deccan were grown under four levels of N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) to study their fodder yield poten tiality, crude protein and mineral contents. The crop was harvested at four periods of growth (40, 50, 60 and 70 days after sowing) and evaluated. The experiment was con ducted under irrigated condition in a sandy clay loam soil with low, medium and high in available N. P and K status respectively. The results of the study indicated that the variety Ganga 5 registered higher green matter and crude protein yields and P and Mo contents than the rest of the varieties, while they did not differ in their crude protein and Ca contents. The crude protein, P. Ca and Mg contents decreased with the age of the crop, while dry matter content increased. It was suggested that harvesting of maize varieties for fodder purpose between fiftieth and sixtieth day after sowing, was found to be ideal for better green matter yield with higher crude protein and mineral contents. Nitrogen fertilization at 100 kg N/ha. was found to be sufficient for all the three varieties. Application of nitrogen had increased the fodder yield, crude protein and mineral contents.
Soil pH Electrical Conductivity and CEC Under Long Term Fertilization
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P MUTHUVELI , P KANDASWAMY ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K.K KRISHNAMOORTHY ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The influence of long term opplication of organic manures and inorganic ferti lizers under rainfed and irrigated conditions on the soil pH, EC and CEC was 'in vestigated with the soil samples collected from the permanent manurial experimenta plots of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University farm at Coimbatore. Not much variation was observed in the case of electrical conductivity and pH value of electrical conducti vily and pli values of soils to different treatments tried. Under reinfed condition: the CEC was higher in organic manure treatments.
Studies on Variability and Association of Characters in Tomato
Authors:   Research Assitant Horticultural Research Station, Perumbarai 624212, G PARANJOTHI , C.R MUTHUKRISHNAN ,   Professor of Horticulture Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The phenotypic and genotypic variability, heritability and association of characters were worked out in 55 tomato varieties. The results revealed that the varietal differences in respect of height of plant, number and spread of branches, girth of main stem. weight of fruit, number of fruits. ascorbic acid content, fruit firmness, locules, duration, yield. acidity and total soluble solids were significant. The genetic coefficient of variation was very high for ascorbic acid content followed by weight of fruit. Number of fruits. locules yield and plant height indicating high degree of genetic variability. The heritability estimates and genetic advance for yield components namely number and spread of branches. weight of fruit and number of fruits were high denoting their utility as reliable indices for selection. Yield was positively associated with spread and number of branches and weight of fruit.
Study of Variability and Comparative Performance of Triticale with Wheat
Authors:   Jr.Geneticist Indian Institute of Horticulture Research Bangalore, J.V.R BHUPAL RAO , V.K SRINIVASAN ,   Division of Genectics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012
Published: October 2023

A wide range of variability was observed for many characters in the 14 Triticale types studied for various statistical parameters. The genotypic coefficient of variability ranged from 4.36 for days to flower to 17.58 for yield per plant. A high genotypic coeffi cient of variability and heritability combined with a greater genetic advance as percentage of moan for 1000 grain weight, number of grains per main ear, number of ears per plant and yield per plant, indicates that solention for these characters would be effective in the Improvement of yield of Triticales. From the comparative study of Tricsle with wheat, the superiority of Triticale over wheat with respect to most of the yield contributing character has been established.
Induced Viable Mutations in IR 8 Rice
Authors:   Castor Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Salem 636001, R RAJAGOPALAN , P CHANDRASEKHARAN ,   Dean, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

In a study of induced mutagenesis in IR 8 rice a total of 467 viable mutants has been isolated. A linear trend of increase in the frequency of viable mutations with increase in dosage of the mutagens was observed. Mutants affecting grain size and duration were more commonly induced by gamma irradiation whereas, mutations affecting panicle and duration were found in greater proportions in EMS treatments.
Genetic Variability in Some Quantitative Characters of Sesamum
Authors:   Dept of Statistics Faculty of Basic Science TNAU Coimbatore, M MURUGESAN , K.P DHAMU ,   Dept of Statistics Faculty of Basic Science TNAU Coimbatore, A AROKIA RAJ ,   Dept of Statistics Faculty of Basic Science TNAU Coimbatore
Published: October 2023

The heritability, genotypic co-efficient of variation, phenotypic co-efficient of variation and genetic advance as per centage of mean were assessed from 30 varieties of Sesamum. The varieties showed highly significant differences in mean values for all the characters studied during the two seasons. All the plant characters except grain yield per plant and total number of capsules per plant showed very high heritability. The genotypic and phenotypic co-efficients of variation were very low for capsule length. A high genetic advance was noticed in respect of height at which first capsule formed., number of primary branches and the number of secondary branches".