bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Potential for Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) in Lithuania: A Review of Geological Viability and Storage Integrity
Authors: Verma Apoorv , Malik Shruti , Pal Mayur
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to review and identify H2 storage suitability in geological reservoirs of the Republic of Lithuania. Notably, Lithuania can store clean H2 effectively and competitively because of its wealth of resources and well-established infrastructure. The storage viability in Lithuanian geological contexts is highlighted in this study. In addition, when it comes to injectivity and storage capacity, salt caverns and saline aquifers present less of a challenge than other kinds of storage medium. Lithuania possesses sizable subterranean reservoirs (Cambrian rocks) that can be utilized to store H2. For preliminary assessment, the cyclic H2 injection, and production simulation is performed. A 10-year simulation of hydrogen injection and recovery in the Syderiai saline aquifer demonstrated the feasibility of UHS, though efficiency was reduced by nearly 50% when using a single well for both injection and production. The study suggests using separate wells to improve efficiency. However, to guarantee economic injectivity and containment security, a detailed assessment of the geological structures is required specifically at the pore scale level. The volumetric approach estimated a combined storage capacity of approximately 898.5 Gg H2 (~11 TWh) for the Syderiai and Vaskai saline aquifers, significantly exceeding previous estimates. The findings underscore the importance of detailed geological data and further research on hydrogen-specific factors to optimize UHS in Lithuania. Addressing technical, geological, and environmental challenges through multidisciplinary research is essential for advancing UHS implementation and supporting Lithuania’s transition to a sustainable energy system. UHS makes it possible to maximize the use of clean energy, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and build a more sustainable and resilient energy system. Hence, intensive research and advancements are needed to optimize H2 energy for broader applications in Lithuania.
Injury Patterns and Frequency in Swimming: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fernández-Galván Luis Miguel , Alcain Sein Jasone , López-Nuevo Carlos , Sánchez-Sierra Alberto , Ladrián-Maestro Arturo , Sánchez-Infante Jorge
Published: February 2025

Swimming is a widely practiced sport with significant physical demands, placing athletes at a considerable risk of injury, particularly in the shoulder, due to repetitive high-intensity movements. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the patterns and frequency of injuries associated with swimming. Methods: A systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and SportDiscus databases identified nine relevant studies. Results: The findings revealed a higher incidence of injuries in female swimmers compared to males, with the shoulder being the most frequently affected joint. This disparity is partially attributed to the Female Athlete Triad, a syndrome characterized by low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and poor bone health, which increases injury susceptibility. Other commonly affected regions include the knee, often associated with the biomechanical demands of breaststroke, and the lumbar spine, which is impacted by degenerative changes resulting from high training volumes. However, variability in the injury measurement protocols across studies limits their comparability and highlights the need for standardized methods. Conclusions: Based on these findings, professionals in the field can identify injury patterns to enhance diagnosis and treatment, design personalized prevention programs, implement early interventions, and innovate equipment and training methods to improve swimmer safety and performance.
MC-EVM: A Movement-Compensated EVM Algorithm with Face Detection for Remote Pulse Monitoring
Authors: Benhamida Abdallah , Kozlovszky Miklos
Published: February 2025

Automated tasks, mainly in the biomedical field, help to develop new technics to provide faster solutions for monitoring patients’ health status. For instance, they help to measure different types of human bio-signal, perform fast data analysis, and enable overall patient status monitoring. Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) can reveal small-scale and hidden changes in real life such as color and motion changes that are used to detect actual pulse. However, due to patient movement during the measurement, the EVM process will result in the wrong estimation of the pulse. In this research, we provide a working prototype for effective artefact elimination using a face movement compensated EVM (MC-EVM) which aims to track the human face as the main Region Of Interest (ROI) and then use EVM to estimate the pulse. Our primary contribution lays on the development and training of two face detection models using TensorFlow Lite: the Single-Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) and the EfficientDet-Lite0 models that are used based on the computational capabilities of the device in use. By employing one of these models, we can crop the face accurately from the video, which is then processed using EVM to estimate the pulse. MC-EVM showed very promising results and ensured robust pulse measurement by effectively mitigating the impact of patient movement. The results were compared and validated against ground-truth data that were made available online and against pre-existing solutions from the state-of-the-art.
Applications of Machine Learning-Driven Molecular Models for Advancing Ophthalmic Precision Medicine
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Ong Joshua , Waisberg Ethan , Lee Ryung , Nguyen Tuan , Paladugu Phani , Rivolta Maria Chiara , Gowda Chirag , Janin John Vincent , Saintyl Jeremy , Amiri Dylan , Gosain Ansh , Jagadeesan Ram
Published: February 2025

Ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), and optic neuritis involve complex molecular and cellular disruptions that challenge current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models offer a novel lens to analyze these diseases by integrating diverse datasets, identifying patterns, and enabling precision medicine strategies. Over the past decade, applications of AI in ophthalmology have expanded from imaging-based diagnostics to molecular-level modeling, bridging critical gaps in understanding disease mechanisms. This paper systematically reviews the application of AI-driven methods, including reinforcement learning (RL), graph neural networks (GNNs), Bayesian inference, and generative adversarial networks (GANs), in the context of these ophthalmic conditions. RL models simulate transcription factor dynamics in hypoxic or inflammatory environments, offering insights into disrupted molecular pathways. GNNs map intricate molecular networks within affected tissues, identifying key inflammatory or degenerative drivers. Bayesian inference provides probabilistic models for predicting disease progression and response to therapies, while GANs generate synthetic datasets to explore therapeutic interventions. By contextualizing these AI tools within the broader framework of ophthalmic disease management, this review highlights their potential to transform diagnostic precision and therapeutic outcomes. Ultimately, this work underscores the need for continued interdisciplinary collaboration to harness AI’s potential in advancing the field of ophthalmology and improving patient care.
Meliponini Geopropolis Extracts Induce ROS Production and Death in Leishmania amazonensis Promastigotes and Axenic Amastigotes In Vitro
Authors: Sette Kamila M. , Garcia Andreza R. , Tinoco Luzineide W. , Pinheiro Anderson S. , Rodrigues Igor A.
Published: February 2025

Leishmania amazonensis, a cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil, is a neglected disease with toxic and inconsistently effective treatments. The parasite’s survival depends on managing oxidative stress, making redox-regulating enzymes potential therapeutic targets. Geopropolis, a resinous product from native stingless bees, shows promising antiparasitic effects. This study aims to evaluate the anti-L. amazonensis activity of geopropolis produced by Melipona bicolor, M. marginara, M. mondury, and M. quadrifasciata (two samples), targeting enzymes responsible for the parasite’s redox balance. Ethanol extracts of geopropolis produced by each bee (BCRL, MRGT, MNDY, MNDA(1), and MNDA(2), respectively) were analyzed for total phenolics and flavonoids. Promastigotes and axenic amastigotes were treated with various extract concentrations, and parasite viability was assessed using the resazurin reduction method. Cytotoxicity was tested on peritoneal macrophages, RAW 264.7, VERO cell lines (MTT assay), and erythrocytes (hemolysis assay). Additionally, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the inhibition of recombinant arginase, and autophagic activity were also evaluated in treated parasites. MRGT showed the highest levels of phenolics (762 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (345 mg QE/g). MDRY was more effective against promastigote and axenic amastigote forms (IC50 = 168 and 19.7 µg/mL, respectively). MRGT showed lower cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 and VERO (CC50 = 654 µg/mL and 981 µg/mL, respectively). Erythrocytes exhibited reduced sensitivity to MNDA(2) (HC50 = 710 µg/mL). The activity of dehydrogenases and LiARG was reduced by treating the parasites with the extracts following the induction of ROS and autophagic activity. These results highlight geopropolis extracts as a source of substances with anti-L. amazonensis activity capable of inducing oxidative stress on the parasite.
Evaluation and Comparison of Capillary Morphology Among Combusted Tobacco, Heated Tobacco and E-Cigarette Users
Authors: Nigliaccio Salvatore , Fontana Davide Alessio , Cacioppo Antonino , Curcio Luciano , Cumbo Enzo , Scardina Giuseppe Alessandro , Messina Pietro
Published: February 2025

The habit of smoking in its various forms represents a significant public health concern due to its wide range of pathological effects, included the oral cavity. In recent years, alternatives to traditional cigarettes, such as heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes, have gained popularity and are often marketed as potentially less harmful options. This study seeks to evaluate and compare the morphometric characteristics of oral mucosal capillaries in individuals who consume combusted tobacco, heated tobacco, vaporized liquid, and non-smokers. Using videocapillaroscopy, we assessed both parametric and non-parametric data from 60 patients, divided into four groups according to their smoking habits. The analysis revealed significant differences in capillary morphology among the groups. Users of combusted tobacco exhibited pronounced reductions in capillary diameter, alongside increased tortuosity and the presence of microaneurysms. These alterations are indicative of chronic inflammation and vasoconstriction, likely driven by exposure to nicotine and the high temperatures associated with combustion. Conversely, users of heated tobacco and vaporized liquid exhibited comparatively fewer vascular abnormalities, although angiogenic effects attributable to nicotine were still observable. These findings suggest that alternative tobacco products may have a comparatively lesser impact on the oral microcirculation when compared to traditional smoking. However, the potential long-term effects of these products remain unclear. Further longitudinal research is required to fully understand the risks associated with prolonged use of heated tobacco and electronic cigarettes.
Tailored Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Potential Cannabinoid Carriers for Anti-Cancer Treatment
Authors: Taudul Jan , Celej Joanna , Żelechowska-Matysiak Kinga , Kępińska Daria , Majkowska-Pilip Agnieszka , Strawski Marcin , Krysiński Paweł , Nieciecka Dorota
Published: February 2025

We present a novel, multicomponent nanoparticulate carrier system based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a designed hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance based on oleic acid and TWEEN 80 to incorporate hydrophobic cannabinoids—cannabigerol and cannabidiol—as well as the hydrophilic anthracycline drug epirubicin, forming a conjugate anticancer system. Additionally, the superparamagnetic iron oxide-based nanoparticles formed the core of the system, thus providing it with magnetic hyperthermia capabilities with a specific absorption rate comparable to the corresponding systems in the literature. The interaction of the conjugate with the cell membrane was studied using the Langmuir monolayers at the air/water interface formed of selected lipids modeling the healthy and cancerous cell membranes. Finally, cytotoxicity tests were carried out against the SKOV-3 cell line in vitro. A synergistic effect was observed when both the cannabinoid and epirubicin were present in the conjugate, as compared to the cannabinoid or epirubicin alone, making our system advantageous for further development for tentative therapeutic use.
Obesity and Adipose-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Metabolic Regulation and Disease
Authors: Malaguarnera Michele , Cauli Omar , Cabrera-Pastor Andrea
Published: February 2025

Obesity, a global epidemic, is a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue, once viewed as a passive fat storage site, is now recognized as an active endocrine organ involved in metabolic regulation and inflammation. In obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction disrupts metabolic balance, leading to insulin resistance and increased production of adipose-derived extracellular vesicles (AdEVs). These vesicles play a key role in intercellular communication and contribute to metabolic dysregulation, affecting organs such as the heart, liver, and brain. AdEVs carry bioactive molecules, including microRNAs, which influence inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and tissue remodeling. In the cardiovascular system, AdEVs can promote atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction, while those derived from brown adipose tissue offer cardioprotective effects. In type 2 diabetes, AdEVs exacerbate insulin resistance and contribute to complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy and cognitive decline. Additionally, AdEVs are implicated in metabolic liver diseases, including fatty liver disease, by transferring inflammatory molecules and lipotoxic microRNAs to hepatocytes. These findings highlight the role of AdEVs in obesity-related metabolic disorders and their promise as therapeutic targets for related diseases.
Downstream Link of Vitamin D Pathway with Inflammation Irrespective of Plasma 25OHD3: Hints from Vitamin D-Binding Protein (DBP) and Receptor (VDR) Gene Polymorphisms
Authors: Sater Mai S. , Malalla Zainab H. A. , Ali Muhalab E. , Giha Hayder A.
Published: February 2025

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. At the same time, chronic inflammation is a versatile pathophysiological feature and a common correlate of various disorders, including vitamin D deficiency. Methods: We investigated the possible association of inflammation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) levels and its down-stream pathway by exploring vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in healthy non-elderly Bahraini adults. Plasma levels of 25OHD3 were measured by chemiluminescence, and six SNPs, four in the GC gene (rs2282679AC, rs4588CA, rs7041GT, and rs2298849TC) and two in the VDR gene (rs731236TC and rs12721377AG) were genotyped by real-time PCR. The concentrations of five inflammatory biomarkers, IL6, IL8, procalcitonin (PCT), TREM1, and uPAR, were measured by ELISA. Results: The results showed no association between the 25OHD3 level and any of the inflammatory markers’ levels. However, three tested SNPs were significantly associated with the concentrations of tested biomarkers except for IL6. The TT mutant genotype of rs2298849TC was associated with lower levels of IL8 and higher levels of PCT and TREM1, the AA mutant genotype of rs2282679AC was associated with decreased levels of IL8 (p ≤ 0.001) and increased levels of TREM1 (p = 0.005), and the GG wild genotype of rs12721377AG was associated with increased levels of 25OHD3 (p = 0.026). Conclusions: Although chronic inflammation is not associated with the vitamin D system in the blood, it is downstream, as revealed by DBP and VDR genotyping. Alternatively, DBP and VDR pursue other functions beyond the vitamin D pathway.
Globalization and Architecture: Urban Homogenization and Challenges for Unprotected Heritage. The Case of Postmodern Buildings with Complex Geometric Shapes in the Ensanche of San Sebastián
Authors: Senderos María , Sagarna Maialen , Otaduy Juan Pedro , Mora Fernando
Published: February 2025

Globalization has profoundly impacted architecture by promoting urban homogenization, where global styles and materials overshadow local character. This shift prioritizes standardized functionality and energy efficiency over cultural identity, erasing regional architectural distinctiveness. In historical urban centers, globalization-driven interventions—such as ventilated facades or external thermal insulation systems (ETISs)—often simplify original compositions and alter building materiality, texture, and color. The Ensanche of San Sebastián serves as a case study highlighting this issue. Despite its architectural richness, which includes neoclassical and modernist buildings primarily constructed with sandstone from the Igeldo quarry, unprotected buildings are at risk of unsympathetic renovations. Such changes can distort the identity of what is considered “everyday heritage”, encompassing the residential buildings and public spaces that shape the collective memory of cities. This study presents a replicable methodology for assessing the vulnerability of buildings to facade interventions. By utilizing tools like digital twins, point cloud modeling, and typological analysis, the research establishes criteria for interventions aimed at preserving architectural values. It emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts with urban planning authorities and public awareness campaigns to safeguard heritage. Ultimately, protecting architectural identity requires balancing the goals of energy efficiency with cultural preservation. This approach ensures that urban landscapes maintain their historical and social significance amidst globalization pressures.
Untargeted Metabolomics and Liquid Biopsy Investigation of Circulating Biomarkers in Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Grasso Daniela , Marzocchi Barbara , Scoccianti Guido , Palchetti Ilaria , Campanacci Domenico Andrea , Antonuzzo Lorenzo , Scolari Federico , Pillozzi Serena , Bernini Andrea
Published: February 2025

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare, highly malignant mesenchymal tumours, comprising approximately 1% of all adult cancers and about 15% of paediatric solid tumours. STSs exhibit considerable genomic complexity with diverse subtypes, posing significant clinical challenges. Objectives: This study aims to characterise the molecular signature of primary STS through liquid biopsies and the untargeted metabolomic profiling of 75 patients, providing deep insights into cellular processes and potential therapeutic targets. Methods: This study analysed serum samples using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for metabolomic profiling. Multivariate data analysis and machine learning classifiers were employed to identify biomarkers. Results: A panel of eleven significant deregulated metabolites were discovered in serum samples of patients with STS, with potential implications for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: Choline decrease emerged as a marker for cancer progression, highlighting the potential of targeting its metabolism for therapeutic approaches in STS. The NMR analysis protocol proved effective for determining circulating biomarkers from liquid biopsies, making it suitable for rare disease research.
Biomarkers for the Evaluation of Immunotherapy in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Bousou Thaleia-Eleftheria , Sarantis Panagiotis , Anastasiou Ioanna A. , Trifylli Eleni-Myrto , Liapopoulos Dimitris , Korakaki Dimitra , Koustas Evangelos , Katsimpoulas Michalis , Karamouzis Michalis V.
Published: February 2025

Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare primary liver cancer with poor prognosis, due to the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and limited therapeutic options, with poor response. Chemotherapy remains the standard first-line treatment, but the advent of immunotherapy has recently induced promising results. Given the fact that diagnosis frequency is increasing nowadays and the survival rate remains very low, it is crucial to recognize patients who are suitable for immunotherapy and will have the best response. Different types of biomarkers, such as interleukins, exosomes, mi-RNA, ctDNA, and gene mutations, have been studied for their feasibility, not only for the early diagnosis of biliary tract cancer but also for the determination of responsiveness in treatment. Less frequently, these studies focus on finding and observing biomarkers in patients who receive immunotherapy. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of existing/promising biomarkers in patients with unresectable or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma, treated with immunotherapy as monotherapy, or combined with chemotherapy.
Comprehensive SUMO Proteomic Analyses Identify HIV Latency-Associated Proteins in Microglia
Authors: Imbert Fergan , Langford Dianne
Published: February 2025

SUMOylation, the post-translational modification of proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifiers, plays a critical role in regulating various cellular processes, including innate immunity. This modification is essential for modulating immune responses and influencing signaling pathways that govern the activation and function of immune cells. Recent studies suggest that SUMOylation also contributes to the pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) viral infections, where it contributes to the host response and viral replication dynamics. Here, we explore the multifaceted role of SUMOylation in innate immune signaling and its implications for viral infections within the CNS. Notably, we present novel proteomic analyses aimed at elucidating the role of the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) latency in microglial cells. Our findings indicate that SUMOylation may regulate key proteins involved in maintaining viral latency, suggesting a potential mechanism by which HIV evades immune detection in the CNS. By integrating insights from proteomics with functional studies, we anticipate these findings to be the groundwork for future studies on HIV–host interactions and the mechanisms that underlie SUMOylation during latent and productive infection.
Chemosensors for H2O2 Detection: Principles, Active Materials, and Applications
Authors: Zhou Meng , Sun Hui , Chen Shuai , Yang Mingna , Dong Rongqing , Yang Xiaomei , Zang Ling
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a common oxidant present in the environment, food, and biological systems, has wide-ranging applications. While H2O2 is generally considered non-toxic, prolonged or repeated exposure to high concentrations can be harmful, making its accurate detection crucial in environmental monitoring, food safety, healthcare, and other fields. This review delves into the recent advancements in H2O2 detection methods, with a particular focus on chemosensors. We comprehensively summarize the fundamental principles of various chemosensor principles (e.g., colorimetric, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemical, and chemiresistive approaches), active materials, and diverse applications. Additionally, we discuss the current challenges and future prospects in this field, emphasizing the need for innovative materials and advanced sensing technologies to meet the growing demand for highly sensitive, accurate, reliable, real-time, and cost-effective H2O2 detection solutions.
Efficacy of Asymmetric Myopic Peripheral Defocus Lenses in Spanish Children: 24-Month Randomized Clinical Trial Results
Authors: Martinez-Perez Clara , Sánchez-Tena Miguel Ángel , Cleva Jose Miguel , Villa-Collar Cesar , Álvarez Marta , Chamorro Eva , Alvarez-Peregrina Cristina
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Asymmetric myopic peripheral defocus lenses (MPDLs) have proven to be effective in slowing the progression of myopia in Spanish children over a period of 12 months. The purpose of this study was to assess the MPDL spectacles’ efficacy in slowing myopia progression over a 24-month period in children. Methods: This study extends the follow-up period of the double-masked, prospective, and randomized clinical trial previously published to 24 months. Children from 6 to 12 years were assigned to two groups: a control group wearing spherotorical single vision lenses (SVLs) or a treatment group wearing MPDL lenses. Inclusion criteria included children with myopia less than −0.50 D, astigmatism below 1.50 D, and best-corrected visual acuity of at least 20/20. Participants underwent cycloplegic autorefractive examination and axial length (AL) measurements at the baseline and six and twelve months in the study already published, and twenty-four months later in the present study. Lifestyle factors, including outdoor activities and digital device use, were also assessed. Baseline characteristics, including age, refractive error, and AL, were comparable between groups. Dropout rates were 15.9%, with 14 participants lost to follow-up, distributed equally between the two groups. Results: After 24 months of follow-up, 69 children remained in this study, comprising 34 participants in the SVL cohort and 35 in the MPDL cohort. Over 24 months, the MPDL group showed significantly less AL elongation than the SVL group (0.27 ± 0.23 mm and 0.37 ± 0.24 mm; p = 0.0341). The mean relative AL increase was 1.10 ± 0.95% in the MPDL group, compared to 1.56 ± 1.02% in the SVL group (p = 0.0322). Younger children exhibited faster AL growth, while digital device use and outdoor activities did not affect AL changes. Conclusions: MPDL spectacle lenses substantially slowed myopia progression over a 24-month period, with 28.7% less progression in absolute AL growth and 29.8% in relative AL growth compared to SVL. These results indicate that MPDL lenses are an effective method for slowing myopia progression.
Occult Thyroid Cancer in Autoimmune Thyroiditis: Lymph Node Ultrasound as the Sole Diagnostic Indicator of Malignancy in a Pediatric Case of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Szwarkowska Maria , Kaleta Konrad , Jurek Aleksandra , Kujdowicz Monika , Taczanowska-Niemczuk Anna , Kiszka-Wiłkojć Aleksandra , Maślanka Marcin , Górecki Wojciech , Starzyk Jerzy , Januś Dominika
Published: February 2025

Background: Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a common thyroid disorder in children, linked to an increased risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Characteristic ultrasonographic features of AIT can obscure PTC, delaying diagnosis. Case Presentation: An 11-year-old girl with a two-year history of AIT presented with persistently elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels despite levothyroxine therapy. Examination revealed a firm, slightly enlarged right thyroid lobe. Serial thyroid ultrasounds showed typical AIT features, with no apparent tumor. However, a cervical lymph node ultrasound detected a suspicious lymph node with pathological vascularization. Fine-needle aspiration suggested possible PTC metastasis. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy with central and right lateral neck dissection. Histopathology confirmed multifocal PTC with cervical lymph node metastases (pT3aN1bM0). Postoperative radioactive iodine therapy resulted in undetectable thyroglobulin levels, indicating a biochemical response. Conclusions: Children with AIT may harbor occult PTC even without thyroid gland abnormalities suggestive of malignancy. Comprehensive ultrasound evaluation, including cervical lymph nodes, is vital for early detection and timely treatment.
A Systematic Review of Effective Measures to Resist Manipulative Information About Climate Change on Social Media
Authors: Herasimenka Aliaksandr , Wang Xianlingchen , Schroeder Ralph
Published: February 2025

We present a systematic review of peer-reviewed research into ways to mitigate the spread of manipulative information about climate change on social media (n = 38). Such information may include disinformation, harmful influence campaigns, or the unintentional spread of misleading information. We find that the commonly recommended approaches to addressing manipulation of climate change belief include corrective information sharing and education campaigns targeting media literacy. However, most of the relevant research fails to test the approaches and interventions it proposes. We locate research gaps that include a lack of attention to the large commercial and political entities involved in generating and disseminating manipulation; video- and image-focused platforms; and the computational methods used to collect and analyze data. Evidence drawn from many studies demonstrates an emerging consensus about the policies required to resist climate change manipulation.
Mechanical Properties and High-Temperature Steam Oxidation of Cr/CrN Multi-Layers Produced by High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Chen Ding , Liang Daoxuan , Dai Wei , Wang Qimin , Yan Jun , Wang Junfeng
Published: February 2025

In this study, Cr coatings, CrN coatings, and CrN/Cr multi-layer coatings were deposited on the surface of Zr-4 alloy by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). We have investigated the effect of coating structure on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and high-temperature steam oxidation properties of coatings. The results show that the single-layer CrN coating has higher hardness but performs poorly in high-temperature steam oxidation compared to the Cr coating due to its greater brittleness, which makes it prone to cracking and spalling in high-temperature steam environments and provides a channel for Zr diffusion. In multi-layer coatings, however, they form a fine columnar crystal structure and a smoother surface, and the more layers there are, the better the mechanical properties and resistance to high-temperature steam oxidation of the coating. In a high-temperature steam environment, the CrN layer decomposes to form Cr2N and N2, and the N atoms diffuse inwards and react with Zr to form an α-Zr(N) layer, which restricts interdiffusion between Cr and Zr and blocks the diffusion of O into the substrate. Therefore, (CrN/Cr)n coatings with a multi-layer structure have excellent high-temperature steam corrosion resistance.
Dynamic Response and Dispersion Analysis of a Damped Heterogeneous Coating over a Homogeneous Elastic Half-Space
Authors: Munir Sadia , Zaman Fiazud Din , Bokhari Ashfaque H. , Mubaraki Ali M. , Nuruddeen Rahmatullah Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

This study models the dynamic response of a damped heterogeneous coating layer over a homogeneous elastic half-space via the shear horizontal equation of motion. The so-called partial nonhomogeneous has been considered in the coating, where only the density of the material features the inhomogeneity parameter. This unusual consideration, motivated by the viscoelasticity setting, gives rise to the realization of Airy’s differential equation in the coating layer that poses Airy’s functions of the first and the second kinds, respectively. Moreover, the resulting dispersion relation has been utilized and analyzed, assessing the impact of the involved parameters. The study realized that an increase in both the damping coefficient and the inhomogeneity parameter accelerates the dispersion of waves in the media. Additionally, once the case of the doubly coated half-space is analyzed, as an extension of the earlier setup, it is noted that the case of a doubly coated half-space is more responsive to the excitations, which is pretty geared by the composition of different layers. In addition, more modes are noted when more coatings are wrapped over the half-space.
Surface Engineering of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys as Orthopedic Implant Materials: Recent Developments and Future Prospects
Authors: Chen Hualong , Wang Yu , He Liang , Zhang Xiaoyi , Mei Yanan , Wu Tong , Wang Jia , Zheng Yu , Tang Hui
Published: February 2025

Magnesium and its alloys are widely used for bone fixation and repair due to their biodegradability. However, their application is limited due to their poor corrosion resistance and rapid degradation rate in the human body. Surface engineering represents an effective approach to modifying the degradation characteristics of magnesium alloys to meet the requirements of biological systems. Constructing bioactive coatings on the surface of substrates is essential to improve their biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, representing an effective method of surface modification. This review summarizes the current research on the construction of bioactive coatings on magnesium and its alloys, including inorganic coatings, polymer coatings, and composite coatings, which presents an analysis of their respective research statuses. Furthermore, this review discusses the future developments of biodegradable magnesium and its alloy systems, focusing on achieving satisfactory specifications for clinical trials and implementation. Its goal is to provide critical insights to materials scientists and clinical practitioners involved in the development of applicable biodegradable magnesium alloys.
Towards Parkinson’s Disease Detection Through Analysis of Everyday Handwriting
Authors: Gallo-Aristizabal Jeferson David , Escobar-Grisales Daniel , Ríos-Urrego Cristian David , Vargas-Bonilla Jesús Francisco , García Adolfo M. , Orozco-Arroyave Juan Rafael
Published: February 2025

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. People suffering from PD exhibit motor symptoms that affect the control of upper and lower limb movement. Among daily activities that depend on proper upper limb control is the handwriting process, which has been studied in state-of-the-art research, mainly considering non-semantic drawings like spirals, geometric figures, cursive lines, and others. Objectives: This paper analyzes the suitability of modeling the handwriting process of digits from 0 to 9 to automatically discriminate between PD patients and healthy control subjects. The main hypothesis is that modeling these numbers allows a more natural evaluation of upper limb control. Methods: Two approaches are considered: modeling of the images resulting from the strokes collected by the digital tablet and modeling of the time series yielded by the digital tablet while performing the strokes, i.e., time-dependent signals. The first approach is implemented by fine-tuning a CNN-based architecture, while the second approach is based on hand-crafted features measured upon the time series, namely pressure and kinematic measurements. Features extracted from time-dependent signals are represented following two strategies, one based on statistical functionals and the other one based on creating Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). Results: The experiments indicate that pressure-based features modeled with functionals are the ones that yield the highest accuracy, indicating that PD-related symptoms are better modeled with dynamic approaches than those based on images. Conclusions: The dynamic approach outperformed the image-based model, indicating that the writing process, modeled with signals collected over time, reveals motor symptoms more clearly than images resulting from handwriting. This finding is in line with previous results in the state-of-the-art research and constitutes a step forward to create more accurate and informative methods to detect and monitor PD symptoms.
Deep Learning-Driven Single-Lead ECG Classification: A Rapid Approach for Comprehensive Cardiac Diagnostics
Authors: Ezz Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aims to address the critical need for accessible, early, and accurate cardiac di-agnostics, especially in resource-limited or remote settings. By shifting focus from traditional multi-lead ECG analysis to single-lead ECG data, this research explores the potential of advanced deep learning models for classifying cardiac conditions, including Nor-mal, Abnormal, Previous Myocardial Infarction (PMI), and Myocardial Infarction (MI). Methods: Five state-of-the-art deep learning architectures—Inception, DenseNet201, MobileNetV2, NASNetLarge, and VGG16—were systematically evaluated on individual ECG leads. Key performance metrics, such as model accuracy, inference time, and size, were analyzed to determine the optimal configurations for practical applications. Results: VGG16 emerged as the most accurate model, achieving an F1-score of 98.11% on lead V4 with a prediction time of 4.2 ms and a size of 528 MB, making it suitable for high-precision clinical settings. MobileNetV2, with a compact size of 13.4 MB, offered a balanced performance, achieving a 97.24% F1-score with a faster inference time of 3.2 ms, positioning it as an ideal candidate for real-time monitoring and telehealth applications. Conclusions: This study bridges a critical gap in cardiac diagnostics by demonstrating the feasibility of lightweight, scalable, single-lead ECG analysis using advanced deep learning models. The findings pave the way for deploying portable diagnostic tools across diverse settings, enhancing the accessibility and efficiency of cardiac care globally.
Validation of a Compact and Self-Contained Pyrosequencing Platform for Clinical Screening of RAS Mutations in Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Burkhardt Anne , Smith Chelsey L. , Singh Rajesh R.
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Accurate screening of clinically significant tumor mutations is critical for precision medicine in oncology. This requires genotyping platforms with high accuracy and compatibility with varying DNA yields from challenging sample types. Here, we have validated a new, improved, compact, and self-contained pyrosequencing platform (Pyromark Q48 Autoprep; Q48) for screening N-, K- and H-RAS mutations in thyroid cancers. Methods: A set of 73 thyroid cancer and 16 non-thyroid cancer samples (fine needle aspirates and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded) with known mutation status of RAS genes were tested using the Q48 platform. Performance parameters such as accuracy, precision, and limit-of-detection were established. Q48 workflow was compared to an older Q96 pyrosequencing platform to highlight the differences and advantages. RAS testing by pyrosequencing was also compared to a clinically validated next-generation sequencing platform using 56 thyroid cancer samples. Results: The Q48 Pyromark was found to be a very reliable platform suited for quick testing of RAS genes with complete accuracy, high precision, and high detection sensitivity. It had comparable accuracy, with higher sequencing success rates than NGS. The hands-on time, workflow ease, and efficiency were also significantly improved in comparison with the Q96 platform. Conclusions: Overall, the Q48 platform was found to be a well-suited and agile clinical sequencing platform to rapidly screen RAS mutations.
Correction: Ong et al. Underexpression of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I as Independent Unfavorable Prognostic Factor in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Potential Theranostic Biomarker. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 2296
Authors: Ong Khaa Hoo , Hsieh Yao-Yu , Sun Ding-Ping , Huang Steven Kuan-Hua , Tian Yu-Feng , Chou Chia-Lin , Shiue Yow-Ling , Joseph Keva , Chang I-Wei
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
A Systematic Review of Circulating miRNAs Validated by Multiple Independent Studies in Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Banta Andreea , Bratosin Felix , Golu Ioana , Toma Ana-Olivia , Domuta Eugenia Maria
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common head and neck cancer with significant morbidity and mortality. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This systematic review aims to identify circulating miRNAs associated with LSCC, emphasizing those validated by at least two independent studies to improve reliability and clinical applicability. Methods: An extensive literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to October 2024, using keywords related to LSCC and circulating miRNAs. Studies involving human participants that provided quantitative data on circulating miRNA expression levels and their clinical correlations were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted following standardized protocols, highlighting miRNAs reported in multiple studies. Results: Nine high-quality studies encompassing 660 patients with LSCC and 212 controls were included. Several miRNAs were consistently identified across these studies. miR-21-5p was upregulated in four studies and associated with advanced disease stages, lymph node metastasis, and decreased survival rates. miR-125b-5p and miR-126-3p were consistently downregulated, linked to advanced clinical stages and poor tumor differentiation. miR-27a-3p was upregulated in two studies and correlated with poor prognosis, promoting LSCC progression by targeting Smad4. Additionally, miR-33a-5p was identified as a potential diagnostic biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity. These miRNAs show potential as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of LSCC. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights specific circulating miRNAs—particularly miR-21-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-27a-3p, and miR-33a-5p—as promising biomarkers for LSCC. The consistent findings across independent studies emphasize their potential clinical utility in early detection, prognostic assessment, and therapeutic targeting. However, further validation in larger and more diverse populations, along with the standardization of detection methods, is necessary before these biomarkers can be implemented in clinical practice.
Three-Dimensional Geometric Morphometric Characterization of Facial Sexual Dimorphism in Juveniles
Authors: Solazzo Riccardo , Cappella Annalisa , Gibelli Daniele , Dolci Claudia , Tartaglia Gianluca , Sforza Chiarella
Published: February 2025

Background: The characterization of facial sexual dimorphic patterns in healthy populations serves as valuable normative data to tailor functionally effective surgical treatments and predict their aesthetic outcomes and to identify dysmorphic facial traits related to hormonal disorders and genetic syndromes. Although the analysis of facial sexual differences in juveniles of different ages has already been investigated, few studies have approached this topic with three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric (GMM) analysis, whose interpretation may add important clinical insight to the current understanding. This study aims to investigate the location and extent of facial sexual variations in juveniles through a spatially dense GMM analysis. Methods: We investigated 3D stereophotogrammetric facial scans of 304 healthy Italians aged 3 to 18 years old (149 males, 155 females) and categorized into four different age groups: early childhood (3–6 years), late childhood (7–12 years), puberty (13–15 years), and adolescence (16–18 years). Geometric morphometric analyses of facial shape (allometry, general Procrustes analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Procrustes distance, and Partial Least Square Regression) were conducted to detail sexually dimorphic traits in each age group. Results: The findings confirmed that males have larger faces than females of the same age, and significant differences in facial shape between the two sexes exist in all age groups. Juveniles start to express sexual dimorphism from 3 years, even though biological sex becomes a predictor of facial soft tissue morphology from the 7th year of life, with males displaying more protrusive medial facial features and females showing more outwardly placed cheeks and eyes. Conclusions: We provided a detailed characterization of facial change trajectories in the two sexes along four age classes, and the provided data can be valuable for several clinical disciplines dealing with the craniofacial region. Our results may serve as comparative data in the early diagnosis of craniofacial abnormalities and alterations, as a reference in the planning of personalized surgical and orthodontic treatments and their outcomes evaluation, as well as in several forensic applications such as the prediction of the face of missing juveniles.
Exploring the Relationship Between Disability and Children’s Household Chores in Selected Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Samman Emma , Pandolfelli Lauren , Cappa Claudia
Published: February 2025

Studies on disability and unpaid domestic and care work (UDCW) in low- and middle-income countries are rare. This paper contributes to a nascent body of literature by exploring how children’s unpaid workloads at home are affected by the disability status of their primary caregiver and of younger children within the household in 34 low- and middle-income countries and areas. We constructed ordinary least-squares regression models for the pooled data using country-fixed effects and for each country and area separately. Random effects models are included as a test of robustness. Our analysis of the pooled data revealed that when a household included a child aged 2–4 with a disability, the time dedicated to UDCW by children aged 5–17 rose by approximately 10 percent, on average. While we did not find an association between the disability status of the caregiver and the time children dedicated to UDCW in the pooled regressions, in the country-specific regressions, having a caregiver with a disability was associated with changes in the time spent on UDCW in certain countries, signaling the heterogeneity of country experience. As such, there is reason to devote additional attention to understanding the implications of disability on the amount of time children spend on UDCW and to consider what types of support might be needed in households with diverse disability profiles.
Sagittal Parameters and Clinical Outcomes in Cervical Spondylitis: The Cohort Analysis
Authors: Naumov Denis , Tkach Sergey , Linkova Natalia , Medvedev Dmitrii , Krasichkov Alexander , Sokolova Olga , Polyakova Victoria , Gullo Giuseppe , Yablonskiy Piotr
Published: February 2025

Background. Cervical spondylitis is accompanied by segmental instability and sagittal imbalance. The purpose of this work is to conduct a search of correlation between sagittal parameters and clinical outcomes in cervical spondylitis. Materials and Methods. The monocentric cohort study encompassed the clinical and radiological data of 59 patients who underwent reconstructive surgeries on the suboccipital, subaxial, and cervicothoracic spine. We evaluated local cervical sagittal parameters: cervical sagittal vertical axis (CSVA), T1 slope (T1S), Health-Related Quality of Life—HRQOL (Oswestry Disability Index—ODI)—and others pre- and postoperatively. Results. The duration of the therapeutic pause and T1S correlated with HRQOL. It revealed the direct relationship between the age of the patient and the value of CSVA. A significant predictor of postoperative complications is the level of comorbidity with an index of 7 or more on the Charlson scale. Conclusions. The factors influencing HRQOL in this pathology are the duration of the therapeutic pause and the magnitude of T1S compensation. Anterior reconstruction of the cervical spine in the presence of spondylitis yields a correction of the sagittal balance parameters. The leading predictors of complications from the surgical treatment of cervical spondylitis are the Charlson comorbidity index and the variant of anterior reconstruction.