bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KESANTUNAN TINDAK TUTUR INTROGATIF DOSEN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS: STUDI KASUS DI PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA FKIP UM MATARAM
Authors: Habiburrahman Habiburrahman
Published: October 2019

Dalam komunikasi, kesantunan merupakan aspek penting dalam kehidupan untuk menciptakan komunikasi yang baik di antara penutur dan mitra tutur. Kaitan hubungan bahasa dengan realitas sosial tercermin pula pada proses pembelajaran di kelas dalam menciptakan suasana kampus yang harmonis.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk tindak tutur introgatif dosen dalam pembelajaran di kelas, dan 2) untuk mendeskripsikan kesantunan tindak tutur introgatif dosen dalam pembelajaran di kelas. Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berkaitan dengan hal-hal sebagai berikut: (1) persiapan pengumpulan data, (2) teknik observasi, dan (3) teknik wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa bentuk klasifikasi tindak tutur introgatif (pertanyaan). Tindak tutur introgatif yang diungkapkan oleh dosen dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu: 1) bentuk tindak tutur introgatif berdasarkan maksud pengajuannya dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi empat jenis, yaitu: pertanyaan permintaan, pertanyaan retoris, pertanyaan mengarahkan atau menuntun, dan pertanyaan menggali; dan 2) bentuk tindak tutur introgatif berdasarkan tingkat kesulitan jawaban yang diharapkan dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi enam, yaitu: pertanyaan pengetahuan, pertanyaan pemahaman, pertanyaan aplikatif, pertanyaan analisis, pertanyaan sintesis, dan pertanyaan evaluasi. Sedangkan bentuk kesantunan tindak tutur introgatif dapat dibedakan menjadi strategi kesantunan negatif dan strategi kesantunan positif. Strategi kesantunan negatif ada tiga, yaitu 1) kesantunan dengan menggunakan pagar; 2) kesantunan dengan meminimalkan paksaan; dan 3) kesantunan dengan memberikan penghormatan. Sementara strategi kesantunan positif ada dua, yaitu 1) kesantunan dengan menghindari ketidaksetujuan dengan pura-pura setuju, persetujuan yang semu (psedo agreement), menipu untuk kebaikan (mhite lies), atau pemagaran opini (hedging opinicon); dan 2) kesantunan dengan menunjukkan keoptimisan.
PSIKOLOGI TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL DILAN, DIA ADALAH DILANKU 1991 KARYA PIDI BAIQ
Authors: Karninik Karninik , Lamusiah Siti , Maryani Sri
Published: October 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian psikologi sastra memiliki peran penting dalam memberikan umpan balik dalam perwatakan yang dikembangkan dalam menganalisis karya sastra yang kental dengan masalah psikologis. Dalam psikosastra, konflik merupakan pergejolakan antara id, ego dan superego. Ketiga hal tersebut dapat ditemukan dalam sebuah karya sastra melalui tokoh-tokoh yang ditampilkan pengarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan unsur psikologi id, ego dan superego pada tokoh utama dalam novel Dilan, Dia Adalah Dilanku Tahun 1991 Karya Pidi Baiq. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Metode analisis data berupa identifikasi data, klasifikasi data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menemukan unsur id, ego dan superego. Unsur psikologi id tokoh Milea yaitu id Milea memenuhi kepuasan, memenuhi kesenangan, menolak ketidak nyamanan yaitu berbohong, id Milea menangis karena memutuskan hubungannya dengan Dilan, id Milea untuk memenuhi rasa ngantuk,id Milea menolak rasa tidak nyaman. Unsur psikologi ego tokoh Milea yaitu, menggambarkan tentang mengendalikan keputusan, bentuk penalaran dalam mengambil keputusan, menyelesaian masalah. Selanjutnya unsur psikologi Superego dikelompokan ke dalam kelompok benar dan salah, hati nurani, serta merintangi dorongan id yaitu tindakan Milea yang bertingkah laku ramah, hati nurani yang merasa bersalah. Abstract: Literary psychology research has an important roles in characterization prividing which was developed in analyzing literary works that are thick with psychological problems. in psychology, conflict is a struggle between the id, the ego and the superego. these three things can be found in a literary work through the characters displayed by the author. The aim of this research are to describe the psychological elements of the id, ego and superego to the main character in the dilan novel, Dia Adalah Dilanku 1991 bye pidi baiq. the data collection method used is descriptive qualitative. Data analysis methods included the data identification, data classification, and conclusion. the results of the study found the elements of id, ego and superego. psychologies  element id milea are id milea has satisfaction, satisfies pleasure, refuses discomfort that is lying, id milea cries because she decides her relationship with dilan, id milea to satisfy drowsiness, id milea refused discomfortable feels. Psychology elements of milea's ego characters are, describes about controlling decisions, solving problems. then the elements of superego psychology are grouped into groups of right and wrong, conscience, and hinder the id's encoragement that is the act of milea who has kindly characters, feels conscience guilty.
PIDANA MATI BAGI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI MENURUT SISTEM HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Askar Muhammad Afdhal
Published: October 2019

The development of Corruption Crimes has a widespread adverse impact on the lives of Indonesian people life. To stop this, it is needed to be taken a variety of extraordinary efforts including by implementing capital punishment for perpetrators, especially related to criminal acts of corruption that concern to many people that occur when the country is in danger. Even so, not all people agree with the application of capital punishment because it is considered to be conflict with Human Rights, the Constitution of the Republic Indonesia and Pancasila. To analyze these legal issues, various efforts can be taken such as seeing the meaning of the nature of human rights in the perspective of national and international law, interpreting legal norms using appropriate interpretation methods and seeing the existence of capital punishment in the perspective of religious law and customary law. Writing in this study uses a normative juridical approach with the type of data in the form of secondary data which comes from primary legal material and secondary legal material. The writing is done descriptively.
Jesuita de cuerpo entero
Authors: Jaime Oraá Oraá S.I.
Published: October 2019

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Semblanza de José Juan Romero S.I.
Authors: Jaime Loring Miró S.I.
Published: October 2019

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De la Europa de los mercados a la Europa de las personas. La Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea
Authors: Juan Ignacio Font Galán
Published: October 2019

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Impacto de la crisis económica en la asignación y distribución de la ayuda oficial para el desarrollo para la cobertura de necesidades sociales básicas. Análisis de los principales donantes internacionales
Authors: Yolanda Muñoz Ocaña , Mercedes Torres Jiménez Mtorres@uloyola.es , Mariano Carbonero Ruz
Published: October 2019

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La cooperación universitaria para el desarrollo de ETEA: treinta años de cooperación con Centroamérica. Una propuesta entre las capacidades del ser humano y el modelo jesuita universitario y social
Authors: María José Vázquez de Francisco
Published: October 2019

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DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUAL ASPECTS OF CONTAINER METHOD OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING
Authors: Kovalev O. O. , Kalinovsky A. Y. , Polivanov O. G.
Published: October 2019

Currently, the creation of fundamentally new technical means of fire extinguishing and the development of new methods for delivering fire extinguishing substances to a remote distance when extinguishing complex fires is the actual scientific and technical problem. The fire fighting equipment currently used in the territorial divisions of the SES of Ukraine does not allow delivering of fire extinguishing substances at a distance of 100 m and more. Existing fire fighting equipment is designed to deliver water, aqueous solutions and foams at a distance of up to 100 meters, as well as dry chemicals at a distance of up to 70 meters. Today various researchers are developing technical means and methods for remote delivery of such fire extinguishing agents as aerosol-forming compounds, dry chemical powders, fire extinguishing freons, solid carbon dioxide and organometallic compounds. At the same time, the use of the considered fire extinguishing agents did not become widespread in the fire and rescue units due to insufficient development of technical means and methods of delivery. To solve the problem of delivering fire extinguishing substances to a remote distance while extinguishing complex fires, it was proposed to use a barrelled fire extinguishing system, which ensures high-precision delivery by throwing the containers filled with extinguishing agent directly into the combustion zone along the ballistic trajectory. The analysis of various fire extinguishing substances and compositions for use in containers showed that to achieve the highest efficiency of fire extinguishing, it is advisable to use dry chemical powders. As a result of the study of the use of dry chemical powders as container fillers, the mechanics of the fire extinguishing action of dry chemical compositions after releasing from the container by excessive pressure, created by detonation products of explosives, was investigated. A method for determining the total mass of dry chemical powder and the required number of containers filled with dry chemical powder for extinguishing class A and B fires has been developed. Keywords
INFLUENCE OF BUILDUP AREA ON THE VEHICLE MOVEMENT MODE ON AUTOMOBILE ROADS OF GENERAL PURPOSE
Authors: Rudenko D. , Sychevskyi M. , Synitovych S.
Published: October 2019

The zone of influence of the settlement depends not only on the length of the settlement and on the development of the distances from the edge of the traffic area, but also on the intensity of the movement. At an intensity of traffic of 200 car/h and a length of settlements more than 3.0 km, the zone of influence at the entrance to the settlement reaches 0,3 km (at the exit - 0,15-0,2 km). At an intensity of traffic of 400 car/h, the impact of the settlement at the entrance extends to 0.4 km, and at the exit to 0.2-0.3 km. At an intensity of traffic of 600 car/h or more, the impact of the settlement at the entrance is 0.5 km, and at the exit - 0.3-0.35 km. The maximum length of sections of roads on which there is a change of speed of movement and redistribution of cars in the stream, at high traffic intensities is about 500 m.
THE IMPACT OF MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY ON THE EFFECTIVE STUDY OF MATHEMATICS
Authors: Broslavskaya G.
Published: October 2019

The article focuses on the problem of effective study of mathematics. In the modern educational process the desire to master mathematical disciplines and the level of development of our students’ educational activity are not enough to perceive and process the necessary program material.

The aim of this article is to determine the notions of “multimedia,” “multimedia technologies”, their influence on the educational process; assistance in students’ work with educational information in a new, integrated way: to structure, represent, understand, store, process it; to show that multimedia technologies, used in mathematics classes, enable students to diversify their research, educational and practical activities.

Methods of the research: control work and questioning on the above discipline were given in order to identify the problem.

Ways of solving the problem: analysis of recent research and publications relating to multimedia technologies; creation of multimedia means of teaching, studying their influence on the educational process, on studying mathematics by students.

Results of the research. It was determined by us that the use of multimedia technologies by teachers of educational establishments contributed to the solution of the problem under study, aimed at developing students' creative abilities, their active interaction with educational material, individual and collective (if necessary, independent) study of it, the formation of instrumental competences.

Findings. The use of multimedia technologies in mathematics classes contributes to the implementation of such didactic functions (cognitive, developmental, investigative and communicative) and principles (visibility, expediency, strength, scientific character, accessibility, systemacy, sequence) in the educational process. At the same time there is a variety of ways of presenting information (presentation, video, and graphics), expansion the sphere of gaming technologies (teaching tools created with NoteBook software for the SmartBoard interactive whiteboard, Microsoft Excel spreadsheet editor, etc.), Microsoft PowerPoint (meansforpreparingpresentations) activation of students' learning and cognitive activity, strengthening their role as a subject of educational activity, motivation of studying.
SEMINAR RESORCE AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR MUTUAL EVALUATION OF THE ELECTRONIC COURSE PARTICIPANTS IN THE MOODLE SYSTEM
Authors: Polotaj O.
Published: October 2019

In support of the group work of e-learning participants and the mutual evaluation of their work, the Moodle system provides an appropriate resource called the workshop, but it requires a detailed study.

The purpose of the article is to explore the functional capabilities of the Moodle Resource "Seminar" to provide a mutual evaluation of the participants of the electronic course on the example of the Moodle system of the Lviv State University of Life Sciences

The module of the activity "Seminar" as a tool of mutual evaluation and group work of participants of the electronic course of the dynamic modular system of electronic learning Moodle is described on the example of the electronic course located in the educational environment Virtual University of Lviv State University of Life Sciences.

The seminar is a type of occupation, where each student not only performs his or her own work, but also assesses the results of the work of other students. This tool belongs to the activity modules, that is, it provides for the participants to prepare the e-course for a specific task (document, presentation, etc.), which will be evaluated by other participants of the electronic course in accordance with the criteria determined by the teacher.

The main features of the "Seminar" and the role of the teacher and students in working with the seminar are determined. The workshop facilitates the coordination of the team and allows you to evaluate the work in a variety of ways. Such mutual evaluation stimulates a more responsible work, lets see its strengths and weaknesses, compare its work with others, and identify ways to improve it.

Using the Resource "Seminar" is quite effective because: participants in the e-course have the opportunity to get acquainted with the work of their fellows, to review the teacher's reference response and thus exchange their own skills, knowledge and experience; "Seminar" is always available for use and the course participants can work offline; answers to questions on independent work of the student can be provided remotely; the teacher and students or cadets are able to provide online comments and comments about the work of their colleagues;  reporting on work in the "Seminar" can be received and adjusted electronically; in the absence of a student for valid reasons in classes - the possibility of his counseling and evaluation of the learning of his teaching material at extra-time.
BEST PRACTICE APPROACH FOR WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE EDIBLE OIL INDUSTRY
Authors: Stepova K. , Derun O.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The capacity growth of the edible oil enterprises at the present stage of development leads to the formation of huge amounts of used water, which form the production wastewater. The main pollutants are organic substances, mainly fat. The existing treatment plants are not able to remove them from the water up to the level of sanitary requirements. These pollutants cause the processes of decay, water blooming, infection with pathogenic bacteria and, as a result, adversely affect the fauna and flora. For many enterprises in the industry, proper wastewater treatment is a significant problem. In industry, in order to reduce the amount of water used, and improve the quality and/or quantity of the effluent, it is strongly recommended that a ‘best practice’ approach is adopted, where avoidance of water usage is the most desirable, and disposal of wastewater the least desirable practice. Aim of the study. To propose measures for reducing the impact of edible oil industry on the state of surface wa-ter basing on the Best practice approach. 132 Вісник ЛДУБЖД, №19, 2019  As a result of the studies, the increase of the pollutants content in river water after the wastewater discharge of the edible oil production was revealed. In particular, the content of nitrite, nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, hydrocar-bons, chlorides and sulfates, fats and oils increased; the total iron content increased 10 times. The phosphates, petrole-um products and surfactants were defined.Suggested measures for optimising water efficiency in the edible oil industry include: physical refining, continuous deodorization, cleaning in place, recovery of heat condensates, equipment upgrade, dry clean-up techniques, cooling towers, blowdown wastewater recycling, installation of water meters, education of staff, re-use water, re-use treated effluent.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF FUTURE MILITARY CONDUCTORS AS THE IMPROVEMENT OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL SKILLS
Authors: Vavryk R.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The article examines the current state of development of communicative competence of future military conductors as a component of their professional skills. Purpose. The author’s definition of the «military conductor’s communicative competence» was first formulated as a complex integrative entity, i.e. a combination of musical and professional knowledge, skills and abilities, professionally important personal qualities and the ability to verbal communication and non-verbal contacts using expressive means of conducting while solving creatively professional tasks. The structure of this notion consisting of personality-communicative and musical-communicative components, and their content is determined.Results. Personality-communicative component includes communicative skills and abilities of verbal and non-verbal communication related to the influence on the personality and the collective (didactic, organizational, constructive, and communicative ones, communication management techniques). The musical-communicative component is manifested through the ability to organize collective creative activity at the rehearsals of the military brass band, concert performances with the help of expressive means of conducting language. Conditions and ways of development of future military conductors’ communicative competence in the process of their professional training are analyzed.Conclusions. The development of future military conductors’ communicative competence is a purposeful, systematic and continuous process in the context of improving their professional skills, which is conditioned by the considered didactic conditions and the search for appropriate ways of preparing for professional activity during the educational period. The state of the problem being investigated requires further scientific research, namely to design the methods of the future military conductors’ communicative competence development during their internship in the troops.
INFLUENCE OF THE CEMENT COMPOSITION ON THE PROPERTIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WORKING IN HIGH TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS
Authors: Bashynskyi O. , Peleshko M. , Vovk S. , Pazen O.
Published: October 2019

In the article the influence of binder hardening of concrete processes and changes in the phase composition of cement by heating to 1000 °С. It was established that the presence of active mineral adds in cement composite increases the strength of concrete at ordinary temperatures as well as when heated in a fire.

 Damage of structures, accompanied by loss of strength characteristics of concrete under the influence of high temperatures of the fire due to the decomposition of water-containing crystalline hydrates, which are formed when locked up with water.

The analysis of the results of physical and mechanical investigations of portland cement with applications of meadow waste has shown that their loading allows to significantly increase the strength of this cement stone, due to the formation of an additional amount of sodium sulfate or potassium. Their influence as activators of hardening is most noticeable in the initial terms and gradually decreases with age of hardening. It has been shown that use in the composition of the binder of meadow-based additives and hydrosilics makes it possible to increase the strength of the cement stone by 1.5 times, which is essential for the development of effective composite binders on its basis for work in high temperatures. In this, the presence of fluoride aluminium in hydrosilic in a quantity of 3.3% by weight determines its plastisizing effect on cement.

It has been experimentally stated that during the heating of concrete above 500°C, the destruction of hydrated components of cement stone with the destruction of structural bonds between individual particles with a significant decrease in strength characteristics. In this case, the use of applications provides a partial coupling of CaO in the process of solid phase reactions during heating. It is proved that the use of composite cement, as a binder, due to the presence of its composition of a meadow-based application - accelerates hardening and improves strength characteristics, hydrosilics - increases residual strength at a pressure of up to 1000°С by 2.4 MPa .
JUSITFICATION OF DRY CHEMICAL POWDERS TESTING PROCEDURE
Authors: Kovalyshyn V. , Marych V. , Gusar B. , Navalianyi V. , Fedyuk Ya.
Published: October 2019

The analysis of the problem of extinguishing fires of magnesium and its alloys is carried out. The urgency of studying the problem is confirmed by the fact that during the extinguishing of class D fires there are factors that can complicate the quenching process. Often, these metals actively react with water, which leads to an even greater spread of the fire and even an explosion. Therefore, special fire extinguishers, which have passed the proper test, are more effective in locating the fire and prevent the burning of the powder to form the "tongues" of the flame. In Ukraine, there is no method for testing the effectiveness of fire extinguishants of special purpose for the extinguishing of class D fires. The normative documents have been analyzed, which specify the procedures for testing extinguishing fire-extinguishing special-purpose fire extinguishing class D. Specifically: the methods are described in the international standard ISO 7165: 2017 «Fire fighting – Portable fire extinguishers – Performance and construction» and GOST 53280.5-2009 Fire fighting systems automatic. Extinguishing agents.

Both methods have a number of shortcomings that need to be addressed when creating a Ukrainian fire test method for extinguishing fire extinguishing class D, namely: the dimensions of the metal frame made of sheet steel with a side (500 ± 10) mm, height (150 ± 5) mm for testing with magnesium chips are small; Not specified quantity of gasoline necessary for the rise of magnesium; The gas or oxygen torch used to dissolve magnesium does not provide full-value combustion throughout the area, but only creates separate cells of ignition.

A draft methodology has been developed that determines the fire-extinguishing efficiency of powdered powders used in Ukraine. The required amount of fuel for burning magnesium and its alloys is determined. It was ascertained that for the firing of magnesium chips it is necessary to use at least 127 grams of gasoline of the mark A 92.

Key words: test method, fire extinguishers of special purpose, extinguishing of fires of magnesium alloys
SYNTHESIS OF FRACTIONAL ORDER CONTROLLERS FOR MULTI-LUPP CONTROL STRUCTURE OF FIRE LIFT BASKET TURNING
Authors: Kopchak B. , Kushnir A. , Kravets I.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The attempt to get the best dynamic and static characteristics of the basket turn angle complicates the tasks performed by the automatic control system (ACS) basket turn drive. The ACS  of the basket turn should meet the following requirements: high speed, smooth acceleration and breaking of the motor, static and dynamic accuracy of the reproduction of tasks trajectories, no overregulation in transition modes, required stability reserve, low sensitivity to coordinate and parametric disturbances, etc. A number of fundamentally different ACSs and methods for their synthesis have been analyzed to provide these requirements. As a result of the analysis, there has been selected a two-loop feedback control system (FCS) of the basket turn with regard to the elastic properties of the arrow, which is synthesized by the method of the generalized characteristic polynomial. Studies have shown that this system allows to provide an aperiodic transition process of the basket turn angle with a given speed and low sensitivity in steady state to the perturbation effect. However, the synthesized FCS transfer functions of the controllers of angular velocity of the motor and the basket have a high order and turned out to be quite complicated in terms of practical implementation.

Purpose. In the article it is proposed to replace these controllers, by approximating them through evolutionary methods, with more compact fractional PІλDμ-controllers or fractional order controllers.

Results. The studies carried out in this work have shown that fractional order controllers are quite advantageous in comparison with the over classical ones, particularly in the case of their application for optimization of electromechanical systems with the following features of their control objects: two masses, including those with the presence of impact; backlash viscosity of the drive friction; nonlinear load and so on.

Replacement of the high-order motor and basket angular speed controllers with more compact PІλDμcontrollers or fractional order controllers has been performed using Optimization Toolbox optimization package in the MATLAB package. This software has been developed for approximation of classical parts with high-order transfer functions by fractional order parts, using a genetic algorithm or a particle swarm optimization for their transition functions.

Conclusion. The conducted research on digital models has confirmed the efficiency of the replacement of high-order motor and basket angular velocity controllers with PІλDμ-controllers or fractional order controllers, whose transfer functions are determined by approximating the transition functions of the controllers by the genetic algorithm method.
THE METHOD OF USING THE LIFTING TROUBLESHOOT FOR CONSUMPTION OF SATISFACTORIES FROM UNDERGROUND MANIFOLDS (WELLS)
Authors: Smolyak D. , Baran Yu.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The main task of the SNSS rescue units is to provide emergency assistance and rescue of the population in case of occurrence of events that threaten their life and health or may cause material damage. The success of rescuing people by fire brigades depends on several factors. First of all, it is the presence of special fire fighting equipment for rescue operations at the altitude and the technical possibility of its use.

Today, the rescue of the victim from a sewage well, a water collector - a phenomenon is still quite widespread. Such cases come from the fault of the victim, yes, and due to negligence of the relevant utilities.

Purpose. In rescuing people from multistory buildings, rescuers use motorbikes, but if the motorway can not arrive at an emergency, and manual fire ladders do not reach the required height, fire and rescue units use fire ropes and evacuate people with them.Rescue works in wells of underground communications are divided into the following stages: • Preparation of the necessary equipment and place of the event for the execution of works; • Emergency rescue directly into the well; • Preparation of the victim for lifting to the surface and transportation; • lifesaving on the surface.

Methods. For descent from the floors or lifting from the underground well, the survivors of the survivors knit a double rescue loop from the fire rope and put it on the victim. But there is a better alternative to the double rescue loop - this is a rescue triangle.

Results. Characteristics of the rescue triangle: time of dressing, comfort of dressing, durability, care of the rescue triangle.Conclusion. Equipping at least fire trucks equipped with rescue tripods, rescue triangles will greatly simplify the work and increase the efficiency of rescue works from the floors of the house or underground collectors (wells).
ANALYSIS OF REASONS OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS FIRE HAZARD IN LVIV
Authors: Bashynskiy O. I. , Peleshko M. Z. , Sydnitsyn Yu. T.
Published: October 2019

Over the last year, the number of new buildings in Lviv has increased by 30%. Most of them are the high-rise buildings. In this regard, the problem of fire safety of such buildings appears sharper. In our time, one of the main requirements in building standards is to ensure the life safety. Fire safety is an integral part of the life safety. The main causes of the fires, difficulties of their liquidation, the problems of self-management, the reliability of the systems of fire water supply, fire barriers and the evacuation of people from high-rise buildings were analyzed in the article. The causes of the rapid spread of fires in multi-store buildings were revealed. The analysis of the example of fires clearly shows problems of fire safety, admitted at the stage of construction of the high-rise buildings. The actual situation in such buildings is characterized by the following disadvantages: the fire alarm system often is in an unfit condition because of dismantling of the fire alarm sensors by the residents; the common floor-corridors are blocked by additional partitions, causing difficulties in the work of the smoke exhaust systems; there are no self-closing doors and their sealing in the shelters, which allows smoke to spread freely in the house and creates the preconditions for rapid vertical fire spreading. The protection of people on evacuation routes is provided by a complex of planning, constructive, engineering, technical and organizational measures, such as smoke protection, proper fire resistance and fire propagation limits of the structures, providing and proper decoration of evacuation routes, smokeproof stairways, annunciator systems, etc. Therefore, introducing of fire safety systems in high-rise buildings is a priority task at the stage of their designing, construction, and operation.
FACTORS OF FIRE HAZARD OF ELECTRICITY-GENERATING EQUIPMENT
Authors: Kravets I. P. , Bashynskiy O. I. , Kushnir A. P. , Shapovalov O. V.
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the problems of fire hazard of electricity-generating equipment during their exploitation. Intensive electrification of industrial and residual objects leads to the saturation of these objects with different electricity-generating equipment. Functioning of such equipment is accompanied with high heat emission and contains significant fire hazard. The electric current in an electrical conductor produces heat, when electric energy turns into thermal. All electrical equipment must be produced in strict adherence to fire safety rules and requirements. Ignoring these requirements causes heating of conductors through all the length, spunking of isolation, sparkling and, as a result, breaking-out of fire. Therefore, reducing the probability of fire even in the cases of abnormal work, wrong exploitation and foreseen refuses is the main task during planning and exploitation of electrical equipment and also during selection of structural materials. The primary purpose of fire prevention measures in the electrical equipment is avoiding of its self-ignition, and localization of fire after the self-ignition of electricity-generating equipment. Fire safety during exploitation of electricity-generating equipment depends on its technical state. Correct choice of conductor cross section is very important. Protection stage of electrical equipment, type of wiring, and cable laying method must comply with environmental conditions and have the proper climatic implementation and placement category. Proper protective devices from a short circuit and overloads must be used. Their operating values must be also foreseen. All above-mentioned measures prevent fires and explosions during exploitation of electrical equipment. Key
FIRE RESISTANCE PROVIDING OF HOLLOW‐CORE CONCRETE SLABS USING SHEET BUILDING MATERIALS
Authors: Renkas A. A.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. This paper deals with the analysis of world experience in fire resistance providing of hollow‐core concrete slabs. To protect concrete structures are used many structural applications: thermal coatings and materials. The research first analyzes main methods and hypothesis using to make temperature analysis of solution fire resistance of concrete structures. Problem of making temperature analysis of hollow‐core concrete slabs are nonlinear thermal material properties and radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores. The aim of this paper is to establish the temperature distribution in hollow‐core concrete slab considering radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores in case of fire in compartment that is spreading by standard temperature-time curve. In addition, the aim is to substantiate the possibility of using gypsum panels to provide fire resistance of hollowcore concrete slabs. Material statement. The paper reports the results of modeling the process of heat transfer in hollow‐core concrete slab, between compartment space and slab surface and in hollow‐cores. To calculate temperature fields in hollow‐core concrete slab considering nonlinear thermal material properties and radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores was used finite element model. At addition, the results of finite elements simulations show temperature fields in hollow‐core concrete slab and gypsum panels that installed under concrete slab. Scientific novelty. The paper reports results of theoretic substantiated of possibility of using gypsum panels to protect of hollow‐core concrete slabs considering nonlinear thermal material properties, radiation heat transfer between surfaces and radiation heat transfer in the hollow-cores. The results indicate that using gypsum panels to protect of hollow‐core concrete slabs reduces speed heating of concrete elements to critical temperatures that increase fire resistance of hollow‐core concrete slabs to 20.4 %.
FIRE SPREAD MECHANISM ON SURFACE OF CONSTRUCTION FIT WITH FAÇADE HEAT INSULATION BASED ON COMBUSTIBLE INSULANT AND FINISHED WITH PLASTER
Authors: Yakovchuk R. S. , Kuzyk A. D. , Yemelyanenko S. O. , Skorobagatko T. M.
Published: October 2019

The article is dedicated to the use of structures of external walls with facade insulation with plaster, which is widespread and popular in our country and abroad, as well as the problems associated with their fire hazard. The work of domestic and foreign researchers dealing with fire safety issues of facade systems has been analyzed. Classification of prefabricated systems of facade insulation is performed depending on the design decision, as well as on the main features in accordance with: the type of applied insulation material; a method of fastening a heat-insulating layer; composition of the base plaster layer; kind of decorative protective layer. The structure of prefabricated systems with complete sets of insulation with prefabrication of light, thick-layer plaster or fine-wares products is represented. The peculiarities of the processes that occur during combustion of the thermal insulation and finishing system of the outer walls of residential buildings are analyzed and revealed. Typical scenarios of fire spreading are presented with a surface of the design of external walls with a facade heat insulation with a fuel heater and a stucco coating. The mechanism of propagation of fire through a window opening by a surface of a facade heat insulation on the basis of foam polystyrene is described. The conclusion is made that the use of structures of exterior walls of residential buildings with facade insulation with combustible insulant and stucco coating significantly increases their level of fire hazard. This danger will depend on both the properties of individual materials (including insulant), as well as on the design features of the entire thermal insulation system and the building as a whole. For plaster systems, the thermal insulation of facades is a major threat to the rapid spread of fires on the floors above and below the building. The most common causes of thermal insulation fires is the transfer of fire from the windows during intense fire inside the rooms.
PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM MELAKUKAN KEPUTUSAN MENYEWA KAMAR HOTEL BERBINTANG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PARIWISATA DIWILAYAH KOTAMADYA KUPANG
Authors: Nasar Asbi
Published: October 2019

Konsumen penyewa fasilitas hunian hotel ini diperlukan adanya pengetahuan dan pemahaman terhadap perilaku konsumen dengan baik. Dimana pemasar dalam hal ini dituntut untuk memahami faktor-faktor apa saja yang menjadikan dorongan/stimulasi bagi konsumen untuk melakukan penyewaan fasilitas hunian hotel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah faktor kamar, makanan dan minuman, prasarana, harga, promosi, aspek eksternal dan domestik konsumen serta pelayanan menjadi pertimbangan konsumen dalam menyewa kamar hotel berbintang di Kotamadya Kupang.Penelitian dilakukan pada Hotel Aston Kupang dan Hotel Neo Eltari Kupang. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan faktor Priciple Component Analysis dan Rotasi Varimax konsumen dalam menyewa kamar hotel bintang di Kotamadya Kupang, menunjukkan bahwa total varian mencapai 65,6%, sedangkan 34,4% merupakan faktor lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Adapun faktor- konsumen dalam menyewa kamar hotel bintang di Kotamadya Kupang adalah faktor pelayanan 23,9%, faktor kamar 8%, faktor minuman dan makanan 6,7%, faktor lokasi hotel 6,2%, faktor makanan 5%, faktor petugas keamanan 4,8%, faktor informasi brosur, media cetak dan sopir 3,9%, faktor informasi teman dan keluarga 3,7% dan faktor air condition 3,5%. Faktor pelayanan merupakan faktor yang dominan sebagai pertimbangan konsumen dalam menyewa kamar hotel bintang di Kotamadya Kupang.
Tye’s Theory of the Unconceptual Content of the Perceptual Mental States
Authors: Ponomarev A. I.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. In modern philosophy of perception, the issue of the content of perceptual mental states is actively discussed, in particular the possibility of nonconceptual content is one of the most significant problem. Usually conceptual activity is attributed to thinking, and perception is intended to be non-conceptual. Such an approach may deprive perception of opportunity to serve as a basis for judgment. The paper analyzes Tye’s theory of non-conceptual content of perceptual mental states, which does not deprive the perception of its epistemological function.

Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the research work is based on philosophical analysis of modern theories of perception and results of cognitive research.

Results and discussion. In accepted terminology, the content of perceptual mental states can be of three types: conceptual, non-conceptual detailed (fine-grained) and nonconceptual coarse (coarse-grained). Tye's position is that perceptual mental states have only the third kind of content. This approach faces a number of objections that are presented in this paper. The analysis of objections shows their surmount ability, thus, it can be concluded that the Tye’s position of nonconceptual content can be considered as reasonable. The main result of the presented research is the presentation of additional grounds for the theory of non-conceptual content of perceptual mental states.

Conclusion. The problem of the content of perceptual mental states is crucial for understanding the epistemological role of perception. The theory of non-conceptual content of perceptual mental states provides new insights into perception.
Sanctions as a Socio-Political Factor of International Cooperation (on the Example of the Influence of Modern Russian-German Relations on the International System)
Authors: Nagdaseva A. P.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The research work defines the current significance of international sanctions, examines the types of sanctions, the goals of their imposition and the consequences for the international system. As an example, anti-Russian sanctions and retaliatory measures are being analyzed, as well as their influence on relations between the states. In the study an assessment of the development of Russian-German cooperation in various fields before and after the imposition of sanctions is given.

Methodology and sources. Such research methods as analysis, synthesis, comparison, statistical methods are used in the research work. Import-export relations between Russia and Germany are analyzed in the paper.

Results and discussion. Russia incurs heavy losses from sanctions compared to the European Union. Anti-Russian sanctions do not contribute to the development of free international trade. The European Union is having difficulty maintaining transatlantic economic relations. The imposition of US extraterritorial sanctions is detrimental to German and other European companies. Both European countries and Russia have internal problems, which are aggravated by the sanctions confrontation.

Conclusion. Despite all the existing problems and obstacles that stand in the way of bilateral relations, there are positive trends in them. Russia and Germany, in general, have adapted to the sanctions regime. Anti-Russian sanctions will probably not be lifted in the short term.
KEYAKINAN KESEHATAN DAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TENTANG GANGGUAN JIWA
Authors: Naibili Maria Julieta Esperanca , Rochmawati Erna
Published: October 2019

Keyakinan kesehatan sebagai kerangka untuk memahami persepsi tentang gangguan jiwa karena mempengaruhi perilaku pencarian bantuan. Persepsi penyakit negatif akan menimbulkan reaksi emosional negatif sehingga membebani status penyakit dan berdampak pada kualitas mental dan fisik yang rendah dan memicu keparahan gejala somatik. Kondisi ini semakin buruk ketika masyarakat juga memandang secara negatif terhadap orang dengan gangguan jiwa (ODGJ) dengan perasaan takut, diskriminasi, dan stigma. Hal ini memperburuk masalah kesehatan jiwa seperti kekambuhan yang berdampak pada kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup secara keseluruhan. Tujuan penelitian untuk meninjau literatur keyakinan kesehatan dan persepsi masyarakat tentang gangguan jiwa. Metode penelitian menggunakan database kesehatan yang relevan termasuk EBSCO, Proquest, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Cendekia/Scholar dicari menggunakan kombinasi istilah pencarian “healt belief” and “perception” and “mental illness” or “mental disorder”. Kriteria artikel yang digunakan adalah yang diterbitkan tahun 2010-2018. Hasil Penelitian ini Persepsi masyarakat tentang kesehatan jiwa membentuk perspektif tentang ganguan jiwa termasuk cara mendefinisikan gangguan jiwa. Gangguan jiwa disebabkan oleh multifaktor.Pilihan bantuan kesehatan melalui metode mandiri/awam-non medis; penyembuh iman dengan cara berpuasa; menceritakan masalah kepada orang terdekat; konsul ke psikiater. Hambatan utama dalam pencarian bantuan dipengaruhi oleh stigma, biaya, perbedaan keyakinan. Kelompok yang lebih rentan mengalami gangguan jiwa adalah orang dewasa, perempuan, para penganggur, orang miskin, lansia sedangkan kelompok yang dianggap kurang rentan terhadap gangguan jiwa adalah anak-anak, orang muda, dan orang tua. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah Persepsi individu terhadap aspek gangguan jiwa berbeda-beda. Keyakinan memainkan peran penting dalam mempengaruhi perilaku dan hasil. Keyakinan menentukan cara pengobatan penyakit berdasarkan penyebab yang diyakini.
STRATEGI TERAPI BERMAIN MEWARNAI GAMBAR TERHADAP STRES HOSPITALISASI PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH
Authors: Wijaya Alfeus Hari , Astarani Kili , Yusiana Maria Anita
Published: October 2019

Hospitalisasi dapat mengubah keadaan krisis pada anak, saat anak sakit dan dirawat di rumah sakit. Dengan salah satu terapi bermain anak dapat mengepresikan pikiran, perasaan, fantasi serta daya kreasi dengan tetap mengembangkan kreatifitasnya dan beradaptasi lebih efektif terhadap berbagai sumber stres. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh terapi bermain mewarnai gambar terhadap stress hospitalisasi pada anak usia prasekolah di Rumah Sakit Baptis Kediri. Desain Penelitian yang di gunakan adalah pre experiment. Populasi penelitian ini adalah anak usia prasekolah yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Subyek penelitian adalah anak usia prasekolah dirawat di rumah sakit yang mengalami stress hospitalisasi dengan jumlah 15 responden Sampling yang digunakan adalah Quota Sampling. Variabel dalam penelitian ini variable dependen stress hospitalisasi, variable Independen terapi bermain mewarnai pada gambar. Pengumpulan data ini menggunakan kuesioner. Analisa data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Wilxocon. Hasil uji statistic penelitian ini di dapatkan 10 anak mengalami stres hospitalisasi berat (66,7%) dan 5 anak mengalami streshospitalisasi sedang (33,3%). setelah di berikan terapi bermain mewarnai gambar stress hospitalisasi berat menurun menjadi stress hospitalisasi sedang yaitu 10 anak (66,7%) mengalami penurunan dengan nilai ρ=0,002ρ>α maka ada beda stres sebelum dan sesudah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terapi bermain mewarnai gambar dapat mengurangi stress hospitalisasi pada anak yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Baptis Kediri.
PENILAIAN ASUPAN GIZI PADA KARYAWAN
Authors: Kurniajati Sandy
Published: October 2019

Masalah gizi di Indonesia mengami pergeseran dari masalah kurang gizi pada dekade 80-90 an, namun sekarang masalah anomali maslah gizi kurang dan gizi lebih menjadi dominan. Peningkatan prevalensi gizi lebih (kegemukan dan obesitas) pada pria dan wanita dewasa semakin meningkat, hal ini berkontribusi besar munculnya penyakit degeneratif  (DM, Hipertensi, Jantung dll) pada usia lebih muda atau pertengahan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan asupan gizi pada karyawan Panti Wredha SantoYoseph Kediri. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif. Populasi adalah semua karyawan di Panti Wredha SantoYoseph Kediri, sampling dilakukan dengan total sampling dengan jumlah sampel yang memenuhi kegiatan penelitian 14 orang. Variabel yang di ukur adalah pemenuhan asupan gizi, Pengukuran asupan gizi  dengan metode food record dan dianalisi dengan software nurisurvei 2017, dan dianalisis dengan analisis deskriftif dengan pengamatan tendensi sentral. Hasil penelitian asupan gizi pada karyawan Panti Wredha SantoYoseph Kediri yang lebih adalah Lemak (86%) dan yang kurang adalah Air (71,4%), Protein (86%), Karbohidrat (93%), Vit A (93%), Vit E (86%), Vit B1 (100%), Vit B2 (93%), Vit B6 (100%), Vit C (79%), Na (93%), Ca (100%), Mg (64%), Fosfor (71%), Fe (71%), Zn (93%). Disimpulkan asupan gizi pada karyawan Panti Wredha SantoYoseph Kediri memiliki pola lebih pada pemenuhan lemak, dan memiliki pola yang kurang pada air,  protein, karbohidrat, mineral dan vitamin.