bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milk of My Tears
Authors: Vahanian Noëlle
Published: September 2014

This chapter establishes God, the Word, as the genesis of linguistic reality for a subject. This genesis of linguistic reality happens in the middle of experience, in a borrowed tongue, in a historical materiality. A theology of language is thus a secular theology and, invoking Kierkegaard, faith is a leap, but into this linguistic reality which has a historical materiality. God, as per Tillich’s formulation, becomes a non-symbolic symbol that participates in ultimate reality, or, invoking Nietzsche, God is dead, is nothing but a word. Oscillating between the wounded or impossible narcissism apparent in Kristeva’s analysis of desire through her interpretation of primary repression, denial, and the act negation essential for the symbolic, and a narcissism that, by way of Deleuze’s reading of Hume, could be construed as satisfied in the sociolinguistic institution of the self, the chapter articulates the difficulty of speaking authentically when desire and the self are constituted in language, and when words-as the word God--can conjure up meaning, but do not always.
Responses and Discussion
Authors: Jewett Hilary
Published: September 2014

This chapter presents responses to the discussions in Chapters 2 and 3. For instance, the insistence in Chapter 3 that the ethical relation of reading needs to stand in relation to an author, a person, and not simply to a text brings a measure of dissent from the respondents, each of whom offer reinterpretations of who or what it is that we may feel responsible to in the act of reading. One respondent also dismisses the notion of an ethics of reading as an attempt by literary critics to rescue their work from the charge of nihilism or futility.
The Call of Another’s Words
Authors: Lear Jonathan
Published: September 2014

This chapter presents an account of how the words of the last great chief of the Crow Indians provoked a reaction, which led to an engagement with the Crow in a joint philosophical and psychoanalytic interpretive effort to come to terms with a grievous loss of cultural identity. It argues that the measuring tools of the social scientists are inadequate to a full understanding of cultural devastation and the loss of a belief system. Only the interpretive reading of the humanities can begin to foster this understanding.
Other Perus: Colono Insurrection and the Limits of Indigenista Narrative
Authors: Acosta Abraham
Published: September 2014

This chapter advances a critical rereading of José María Arguedas’s celebrated novel, Deep Rivers. To date, most interpretations of this novel continue to promote homogeneous readings of the narrator-protagonist Ernesto as the quintessentially resistant, mestizo figure of modern Peru. The chapter examines the ways such conventional readings of this novel offer increasingly conservative ideological returns for Peru, modes of reading that advance no real threat or challenge to predominant notions of national culture. The present reading of Deep Rivers not only examines the narrow framework by which Arguedas’ novel has been and continues to be read in Latin America but also interrogates the terms of indigenista nationalism as a vehicle for articulating alternative and progressive forms of sociopolitical organization.
“The Baptiz’d Race”
Authors: Britton Dennis Austin
Published: September 2014

Chapter 1 surveys writings by important English theologians—including William Tyndale, Thomas Becon, John Hooper, and John Whitgift—and shows that race became a powerful tool for clarifying the Church of England’s theology concerning baptism and the origins of Christian identity. Race functions in two ways in the Church of England’s baptismal theology: one, in arguments against English Anabaptists, as the Church of England asserted that the children of Christians should be baptized just as the children of Jews were circumcised; and two, in arguments asserting that the children of Christians who died before being baptized were nevertheless saved because God is also the Father of Christian “seed.” This chapter also shows that the rhetorical force of theological arguments about baptism often presupposes a belief among English readers that infidels, namely Turks, were racially different from themselves.
Transformative and Restorative Romance
Authors: Britton Dennis Austin
Published: September 2014

Chapter 4 argues that William Shakespeare’s Othello both reveals the work of genre and geography in the formation of religious identities and enacts a debate about the uses of romance’s two competing goals: to transform and to restore identity. Othello is patterned after Ruggiero in Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso; Ruggiero is a convert to Christianity who, like Othello, marries an Italian woman. Like Orlando Furioso, Othello employs the infidel-conversion motif, which aims to erase the significance of racial, geographical, and cultural difference. Iago, however, seeks to reverse the effects of the infidel-conversion motif in order to restore Othello to what presumably is his prior Muslim identity. Because romances usually figure marriage and baptism as sacraments that work complementarily to create Christian identity, Iago aims to disrupt the marriage bond between Othello and his wife; dissolving Othello and Desdemona’s marriage undoes Othello’s Christian identity.
Afterword
Authors: Britton Dennis Austin
Published: September 2014

The afterword considers a legacy of the Reformation’s theology of race and its skepticism towards religious converts in American politics. It suggests that although the questions about President Barack Obama religious identity—whether he is Muslim or Christian—which circulated during his presidential campaigns were politically motivated, they arise from widely held assumptions about the intersections or race, lineage, and geographical origins. These assumptions have an origin in Reformation theology.
Bellicose Dreams
Authors: Runions Erin
Published: September 2014

This chapters traces ambivalences around unity and diversity in allusions to Babel in discourses about law and military aggression that seek to maintain U.S. world dominance. The chapter tracks references to Babylon and Babel in the secular discourse of the neoconservatism and in the religious, conservative discourse of theonomy. Despite significant philosophical and religious differences, a similar affinity for making exception to the law surfaces in both sets of writings, through the tensions, slippages, and alternating values placed on unified social action and diversity. Suspicious of political and philosophical unities, such as non-U.S. empires or secular humanism, both favor decentralization and individualism that can go beyond the law. These discourses nonetheless insist on unified truth, presented in strongly imperialist terms. When these dynamics are read alongside Carl Schmitt’s decisionism and his genealogy of the exception to law, a clear picture emerges not only of violent aspirations for empire but also of the scripturalized structure of exception to law in U.S. liberal democracy.
Revenge on Babylon
Authors: Runions Erin
Published: September 2014

This chapter analyzes the use of the Bible in torture. Boney M’s song “Rivers of Babylon”—which sets the biblical Psalm 137 to music—was played at ear-splitting volume in the attempts to break prisoners at Abu Ghraib. Examination of this generally overlooked detail reveals much about why torture has been considered both permissible and necessary in the war on terror. The use of this particular psalm as a form of torture—ending with revenge as it does—calls for an interrogation of the relationship of revenge to torture. The chapter traces the interpretive tradition that promotes violence and revenge toward Babylon. It suggests that an apocalyptically inflected form of biblical interpretation, involving a literalist reading of allegory, allows this text to be used as torture. “Rivers of Babylon” at Abu Ghraib reveals how allegory, scripture, torture, and revenge are used to establish the truth of U.S. sovereignty and to diminish any threat to it in the future.
Conclusion
Authors: Cornell Drucilla
Published: September 2014

The question of whether or not there is such a legality that can be called Subaltern has been hotly contested in Post-Colonial theory. This chapter argues that uBuntu has not only been incorporated into the law of the new nation state through its re-constitutionalization, but also that it informs day to day ethical relationships in the townships and rural areas of the new South Africa that point to a different view of law, that no longer identifies law and the means of violence with the nation state. The chapter strongly defends that the work of such leaders as sangomas, and other on the ground individuals and organizations practice what they see as the living customary law, that incorporates ideals like uBuntu and yet does not rely on the state for enforcement.
Introduction
Authors: Hornbeck J. Patrick , Norko Michael A.
Published: September 2014

This introductory chapter sets out the book’s main themes. This book represents an effort to memorialize and broaden the discussions begun in the scholarly presentations from a previous volume that comprised one focus of the “More than a Monologue” series of conferences held in the fall of 2011. The conferences were meant to represent more than the most often heard monologic voice, that of the institutional church, on the subject of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) issues and persons both within and outside of the church. In the first volume, subtitled Voices of Our Times, contributors reflected on their personal and professional experiences of Catholic responses to and engagements with sexual diversity. This volume continues the conversation by bringing together academic writings by theologians, ethicists, legal scholars, literary critics, and advocates. The chapter also reviews the historical development of official Catholic statements about LGBTQ issues as well as the development of theological responses to those teachings.
Learning to Speak
Authors: Harrison Kelby
Published: September 2014

This chapter focuses on the themes of language and queer voices as the chapter wrestles with the subject of what it is possible to say about sexual diversity in the context of the dominant forces of church, institutions, and society in postmodern times. It posits that LGBTQ Catholics and post-Catholics live amidst the tension between minority sexual identities/discourse and the silencing authority of the Roman Catholic Church. It explicates the paradox that both sides in this battle are foundationally oriented toward the good yet remain at odds. The chapter does so through careful analysis of the generation and control of discourse by regimes of power, the implications of understanding queer orientation as a spatial reference of embodiment, and narrative theory in which all persons orient their life stories toward the moral good.
Embracing the Stranger
Authors: Campos Michael Sepidoza
Published: September 2014

This chapter adopts a strategy of avoiding the language of official teaching in order to permit greater theological imagination to inform the discussion. It uses the symbol of the stranger to investigate the relationships of LGBTQ Catholics with the church. It attempts to broaden ecclesial discourse not only to examine those standing at the margins but to develop a relational theory that involves all persons in a process of opening themselves to the mystery of otherness. It details the ambivalent welcome of the church to the stranger and describes how encounters between stranger and host reveal a network of relationships, which add layers of richness and complexity to existing theological monologue, upholding both familiarity and mystery. It concludes that the welcome of the stranger is inherent to the identity of the Catholic community; the welcome of the hosts by the stranger is the paradox that reminds the community of its own profound mysteries.
Afterword
Authors: Lakeland Paul
Published: September 2014

This chapter discusses theological development from the margins rather than from Rome. It examines the chapters in this volume and the conferences from which they were born from the perspective of ecclesiology. It concludes that this work bears significant meaning for the Catholic Church, insofar as it presents new places for theological reflection and widening understandings of who constitutes the church. Looking beyond the confines of the contributions of scholars in this volume, it argues for the theological possibilities of sacramental same-sex marriage within the church, based in Catholic notions of divine love and theological anthropology.
At Freedom's Limit
Authors: Abbas Sadia
Published: September 2014

The subject of this book is a new “Islam.” This Islam began to take shape in 1988 around the Rushdie affair, the collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989, and the first Gulf War of 1991. It was consolidated in the period following September 11, 2001. It is a name, a discursive site, a signifier at once flexible and constrained—indeed, it is a geopolitical agon, in and around which some of the most pressing aporias of modernity, enlightenment, liberalism, and reformation are worked out. At this discursive site are many metonyms for Islam: the veiled or “pious” Muslim woman, the militant, the minority Muslim injured by Western free speech. Each of these figures functions as a cipher enabling repeated encounters with the question “How do we free ourselves from freedom?” Again and again, freedom is imagined as Western, modern, imperial—a dark imposition of Enlightenment. The pious and injured Muslim who desires his or her own enslavement is imagined as freedom’s other. This book is an intervention into current debates regarding religion, secularism, and Islam, and provides a deep critique of the anthropology and sociology of Islam that have consolidated this formation. It shows that, even as this Islam gains increasing traction in cultural production from television shows to movies to novels, the most intricate contestations of Islam so construed are to be found in the work of Muslim writers and painters. The book includes extended readings of jihadist proclamations; postcolonial law; and responses to law from minorities in Muslim-majority societies.
Religion and the Novel
Authors: Abbas Sadia
Published: September 2014

This chapter focuses on the literary genre most committed to psychological, sociological, and nonmythical forms of explanation; the form most associated with cities, commercial life, the middle class—in effect, the most modern genre, the novel. It asks: Can there be a novel that is properly subordinate to religion? Can there be a religious novel? The chapter considers the novels written by Muslim writer Leila Aboulela, which are read as manifesting, even advocating, the new Islam.
Cold War Baroque
Authors: Abbas Sadia
Published: September 2014

This chapter presents a reading of Mohammed Hanif’s novel A Case of Exploding Mangoes, under the rubric Cold War Baroque. Cold War Baroque is a profoundly poetic and occasionally ironic set of aesthetic imaginings of icons and iconographies poised against the cultivation of iconoclastic and (sometimes iconically) antiaesthetic branches of Islam by the U.S. and Saudi governments and third world nationalist and praetorian regimes.
Medikamentöse Thromboembolie-Prophylaxe in Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe
Authors: Pestka M. A. , Scharf R. E.
Published: September 2014

Venöse Thromboembolien (VTE) gehen mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität einher. Wirksame Maßnahmen zur sicheren VTE-Prophylaxe stellen deshalb weiterhin eine Herausforderung in der täglichen klinischen Praxis dar. Dies trifft vor allem auf Schwangere und Patientinnen mit gynäkologischen Malignomen zu. Niedermolekulare Heparine sind nach wie vor Mittel der Wahl zur medikamentösen VTE-Prophylaxe perioperativ, bei Risikoschwangerschaft und in der Postpartalphase. Allerdings können diese Substanzen Blutungen oder eine heparininduzierte Thrombozytopenie (Typ II) auslösen. Auf der Grundlage aktualisierter Leitlinien bietet dieser Artikel eine Übersicht zum Stand der medikamentösen Thromboembolie-Prophylaxe und erörtert Probleme und offene Fragen.
Influence of abiotic stress during soybean germination followed by recovery on the phenolic compounds of radicles and their antioxidant capacity
Authors: Swigonska Sylwia , Amarowicz Ryszard , Król Angelika , Mostek Agnieszka , Badowiec Anna , Weidner Stanisław
Published: September 2014

Abiotic stress factors are among the major causes of lower crop yields. It is known, that in response to cold and/or osmotic stress, crops activate various defense mechanisms, including morphological, physiological and metabolic adaptations. Secondary metabolism, especially phenolic compounds, seem to be an important factor of stress-induced metabolic re-engineering as their levels are alternated by abiotic stress in plants. Despite the fact, that the nature and function of phenolic compounds was already studied in various plant species, it is important to define tissue-specific changes induced by two most potent abiotic stressors – low temperature and decreased water potential. Moreover, in fields, the appearance of single stress is rather rare. Usually two or more factors are acting in parallel, which may potentially result in different effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze selected elements of secondary metabolism in roots of germinating soybean seeds under cold stress, osmotic stress and both stresses combined. In addition the effects of constant and persistent stress were compared to those induced by sudden and brief stress appearance, as well as after the post-stress recovery process. In the presented study standard methods for identification and quantification of phenolic acids and isoflavones were used and the antioxidant capacity of the radicle extracts was measured. The phenolic metabolism in plants was greatly intensified in response to cold and osmotic stress and remained at high level during the post-stress recovery. The amount and composition of both phenolic acids and identified isoflavones also changed in stress- and duration-dependent manner. This proves an important role of phenolic compounds in abiotic stress response of germinating soybean seeds and opens up new perspectives for further investigations.
Investigations on the synanthropic flora of Polish sea harbours
Authors: Misiewicz Józef
Published: September 2014

The results of studies. on the synanthropic flora of all Polish sea harbours are reported. The first chapters describe in outline the physiographic conditions, trade contacts and the history of research on the synanthropic flora of Polish sea harbours. The detailed part (chapter 6) gives an analysis of the synanthropic flora with reference to its, state in the particular harbours, its biological durability, the proportion of apophytes and anthropophytes, the origin of anthropophytes, the flora of the particular harbour habitats, the state of the synanthropic flora of harbours as compared with the flora of some chosen areas. In the end chapter the results are summarised and conclusions are drawn.
A Vision-Based Approach to Fire Detection
Authors: Gomes Pedro , Santana Pedro , Barata José
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a vision-based method for fire detection from fixed surveillance smart cameras. The method integrates several well-known techniques properly adapted to cope with the challenges related to the actual deployment of the vision system. Concretely, background subtraction is performed with a context-based learning mechanism so as to attain higher accuracy and robustness. The computational cost of a frequency analysis of potential fire regions is reduced by means of focusing its operation with an attentive mechanism. For fast discrimination between fire regions and fire-coloured moving objects, a new colour-based model of fire's appearance and a new wavelet-based model of fire's frequency signature are proposed. To reduce the false alarm rate due to the presence of fire-coloured moving objects, the category and behaviour of each moving object is taken into account in the decision-making. To estimate the expected object's size in the image plane and to generate geo-referenced alarms, the camera-world mapping is approximated with a GPS-based calibration process. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to detect fires with an average success rate of 93.1% at a processing rate of 10 Hz, which is often sufficient for real-life applications.
A web‐based application for optimization of single reservoir operation
Authors: Jahanpour Mohammadamin , Sandoval‐Solis Samuel , Afshar Abbas
Published: September 2014

In spite of the large number of optimization techniques reported in the literature, traditional operation models are still in wide use for reservoir planning and management studies. Optimal operation of reservoir systems, however, requires computer optimization modeling tools to provide information for their rational operating decisions. Recent improvements in high‐speed computers and the Internet encourage researchers and practitioners to become familiar with and use of modern techniques and tools more frequently. In this article, a web‐based application (WBA) was developed for reservoir operation using an optimization approach. This article presents and tests a set of operational objectives to optimally operate a single reservoir using a web‐based platform. All practitioners and students can use this free WBA to share their data, findings, and models while simultaneously solving their reservoir operation problems. Practical use of the WBA is illustrated by developing and running a model based on real‐world reservoir data.
Headaches: new classification, clinical and diagnostic criteria in General Medicine
Authors: Iurato Linda
Published: September 2014

The classification system of headaches is one of the oldest in medicine, and includes a hugeamount of types and causes. The International Headache Society has listed two broad categoriesfor headache disorders: primary headache disorders, which lack a clear underlying causativepathology, and secondary headache disorders, that have a known cause. This is an overviewaddressed to general practitioners to help making a first-line headache diagnosis basing on themost common types of headache listed in the 2013 International Classification of Headachedisorder 3rd edition (beta version). Although headache diagnosis and treatment have madesubstantial gains in the last decade, the disease is still underdiagnosed and undertreated:improvements in several areas are required, especially in General Medicine.
La recherche des universaux est-elle incompatible avec l’étude des spécificités culturelles ?
Authors: Nattiez Jean-Jacques
Published: September 2014

Après avoir rappelé les arguments avancés par certains auteurs contre la légitimité des recherches sur les universaux de la musique, l’auteur souligne que l’un d’entre eux repose sur l’affirmation que, chaque culture présentant des caractéristiques spécifiques, les cultures ne sont pas comparables. Empruntant aux deux ouvrages fondateurs de l’approche anthropologique de la musique,The Anthropology of Musicd’Alan Merriam (1964) etHow Musical is Man ?de John Blacking (1973), il rappelle que, chez eux, les structures musicales sont conçues comme le produit de la culture. Conséquence méthodologique : c’est par l’étude du contexte culturel que l’investigation ethnomusicologique doit commencer. La conséquence de cette position, très largement répandue dans la discipline jusqu’à une date récente, a été de mettre l’emphase sur l’environnement de la musique plutôt que sur l’analyse de ses structures, à quelques notables exceptions près.A fortiori, la recherche des universaux, taxée d’ethnocentrique, a-t-elle été longtemps considérée dans la profession comme irrecevable. L’auteur examine alors comment Blacking aborde la question du lien entre culture et structures musicales, puis il réexamine ses positions en ce qui concerne les universaux et les éventuels fondements biologiques de la musique. Sur la base de ses textes, il est amené à démontrer que ses conceptions étaient beaucoup plus favorables qu’on aurait pu le penser à une orientation de la recherche ethnomusicologique tournée vers les universaux et que nombre de ses propositions prennent un relief inattendu par rapport aux préoccupations actuelles de la neuropsychologie de la musique. L’article se termine par un plaidoyer en faveur de la réconciliation, dans l’ethnomusicologie de demain, du point de vue anthropologique, de la prise en compte des déterminations culturelles, de l’étude comparée des structures musicales et de la quête des universaux.
L’accès des enfants à la justice et leur droit de participation devant les tribunaux : quelques réflexions
Authors: Paré Mona
Published: September 2014

Cet article traite de la participation des enfants devant les tribunaux en tant qu’aspect fondamental de leur accès à la justice. En effet, la minorité de l’enfant est un obstacle à sa participation à la justice et elle se manifeste de différentes manières, qu’on se trouve en protection de la jeunesse ou en droit de la famille, par exemple. De plus, on note que les lois et les pratiques sont inégales à travers le Canada. Cette différenciation selon la province ou le territoire et selon le domaine du droit contraste avec l’approche du droit international, qui prône des droits élargis de participation, quel que soit le domaine. En effet, la Convention sur les droits de l’enfant prévoit que l’enfant doit pouvoir se faire entendre dans toutes les procédures qui l’intéressent. Ainsi, nous examinons les différentes manières pour l’enfant de se faire entendre dans des procédures au Québec, en nous concentrant sur les procédures judiciaires en matière de protection de la jeunesse et en matière familiale. Alors que plusieurs dispositions sont prévues dans la loi, celles-ci ne sont pas précises et laissent la place à une pratique criblée de contradictions. En l’absence de modifications législatives, nous suggérons donc l’adoption de directives pour les professionnels, lesquelles seraient inspirées des travaux faits à l’échelle internationale, ainsi que de certaines pratiques présentes dans d’autres provinces canadiennes.
Elementer af en fælles designfaglig videnskabsteori
Authors: Galle Per
Published: September 2014

I tilknytning til designfagenes uddannelser (til arkitekt, ingeniør eller designer) kombineres forskning og design på nye måder til, hvad man under ét kan kalde designforskning. Designforskningen er endnu ganske ung, og designfagene savner derfor en videnskabsteori, der tager hensyn til deres egenart og bidrager til deres selvforståelse, men som samtidig sikrer en fast forbindelse til forskning i almindelighed. I artiklen udvikles gennem en filosofisk orienteret begrebsanalyse et system af grundbegreber som elementer til en sådan designfaglig videnskabsteori. Begreberne design, forskning og designforskning analyseres, afklares og samordnes i relation til begreber som viden, teori og praksis. Det er samtidig hensigten at foreslå en præcis, men intuitiv fælles terminologi, der kan fremme forståelse og kommunikation på tværs af designfagene, og som de hver især kan bygge videre på til egne formål.
Designdidaktisk forskning i utvikling - en forskningsoversikt 1997-2007
Authors: Nielsen Liv Merete
Published: September 2014

Denne artikkelen gir en oversikt over designdidaktisk forskning som har utviklet seg i Norge i perioden 1997-2007. Da Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo (AHO) åpnet sitt doktorgrads-program for kunstnere, designere og undervisere innen dette fagfeltet i 1995, fikk profesjons-praktikere mulighet til å forske innen eget fagfelt. Derfor er de doktoravhandlinger som har blitt avlagt ved AHO av historisk betydning. Artikkelen gir også eksempler på tematisk beslektede doktoravhandlinger som er utviklet innen rammen for andre disipliner som for eksempel pedagogikk og sosiologi. Designdidaktikk ligger i skjæringsfeltet mellom den profesjonelle designers yrkesutøvelse, designteori, materiell kultur i samfunnet, forbruker-aspektet og utdanningsproblematikk. Artikkelen skisserer hvordan feltene er gjensidig påvirket av hverandre gjennom en designdidaktisk akse. Det finnes forholdsvis lite tilgjengelig forskning om problematikk knyttet til den undervisning som gis ved profesjons-utdanningene i design. Dette speiles i artikkelens innhold.
Performance-oriented Architecture: Towards a Biological Paradigm for Architectural Design and the Built Environment
Authors: Hensel Michael Ulrich
Published: September 2014

This paper introduces and elaborates a specific approach to architectural design entitled ‘performance-oriented architecture’ based on a redefinition of the concept of ‘performance’ in relation to the discipline of architecture and set within a biological paradigm. The concept of ‘performance’ evolved out of a series of intellectual efforts that had broad consequences, brining about a paradigm shift in the humanities referred to as the ‘performative turn’. These efforts commenced in the 1940s and 1950s and had significant impact also on the sciences, deriving what is referred to as the ‘performative idiom’. Here the question is raised as to what ‘performance’ in the context of architecture may entail. The approach introduced con­trasts previous ones that focused either on questions of representation and meaning in architecture, or, alternatively that have treated performance as synonymous to function placed in the context of post-design functional optimisation. Contrasting these previous efforts performance is here reformulated as a driving concept for design that helps re-con­solidate form and function into a synergetic relation with the dynamics of natural, cultural and social environments, and in so doing, locate performative capacity - ‘ active agency’ -  in  the spatial and material organisation of architecture, in the human subject and the environ­ment through the dynamic interaction between these four domains. In pursuing this approach the potential of a close disciplinary affiliation between architecture and biology is examined, so as to locate a suitable paradigm for performance in the discipline of biology and its var­ious sub-disciplines, in its various foci and modes of inquiry, and, moreover, in biological syst­ems.
Connecting motional form to interface actions in web browsing: Investigating through motion sketching
Authors: Eikenes Jon Olav
Published: September 2014

It is now possible to include complex visual movement in screen interfaces, including those that enable web browsing on different media devices. This article investigates the potential for employing movement in web browsing – or more specifically, how motional form may be connected to interface actions. The investigation is carried out through design experiment­ation. Techniques of ‘motion sketching’ have been developed and utilized in a practice-based research project. The resulting motion sketches are analysed as realizations of complex mediation – by drawing on social semiotics and the concept of action from Leont’ev. The article argues that motional form is made meaningful through connotations and experiential metaphors, and suggests ten provisional principles for how motional form may be used in web browsing. This challenges notions of form and function in current interface design and how social semiotic theory may be produced.
FORMakademisk og forskningsbasert undervisning innen høyere utdanning i design og designdidaktikk
Authors: Reitan Janne Beate
Published: September 2014

Universitets- og høgskoleloven fastslår at høyere utdanning skal være forskningsbasert. Kravet om forskningsbasert undervisning gjelder også høyere utdanning innen design og designdidaktikk, som er de primære forskningsfeltene som publiseres i tidsskriftet FORM­akademisk. Som relativt unge forskningsfelt blir mye av forskningen innen design og design­didaktikk publisert som artikler heller enn monografier. Tidsskriftet FORMakademisk spiller derfor en viktig rolle som kilde til forskningsbasert undervisning, som det eneste norske vitenskapelige tidsskriftet innen dette området. Ved at FORMakademisk også publiserer artikler på norsk, bidrar vi i tillegg til at universitet og høgskoler kan oppfylle kravet i Universitets- og høgskoleloven til vedlikehold og videreutvikling av norsk fagspråk innen design og designdidaktikk. I FORMakademisk legger redaksjonen vekt på å bruke de mest kompetente fagfellene vi kan finne nasjonalt og internasjonalt for å vurdere artiklene før publisering, for å utvikle en så høy standard som mulig på den forskningen vi publiserer. Dette krever mye arbeid, men er svært viktig for at det vi publiserer skal være relevant og ha god kvalitet for lærere og studenter i høgere utdanning innen design og designdidaktikk. For at høyere utdanning innen design og designutdanning skal kunne ha nytte av denne viktige publiseringskanalen også i framtida er det avgjørende at institusjonene og organisasjonene innen design og designdidaktikk støtter tidsskriftet økonomisk.
Ways of talking about drawing practices. Sociocultural views: Gombrich and visually controlled drawing
Authors: Frisch Nina Scott
Published: September 2014

In this article, I explore how part of the culture historian professor Ernst Gombrich’s vocabulary can be used in two examples of today’s drawing processes among children (age 9–12). His terms are related to their possible theoretical origin and placed in sociocultural understandings of human activity—and contrasted with other possible useful terms in a drawing-teaching context. How terms can encourage various teaching practices is then discussed.
Nation in a sheep’s coat: The Icelandic sweater
Authors: Helgadottir Gudrun
Published: September 2014

The Icelandic sweater is presented and received as being traditional—even ancient—authentically Icelandic and hand made by Icelandic women from the wool of Icelandic sheep. Even so, the sweater type, the so-called ‘Icelandic sweater’ in English, only dates back to the mid-20th century and is not necessarily made in Iceland nor from indigenous wool. Nevertheless, the sweater is a successful invention of a tradition (Hobsbawm & Ranger, 1983), popular among Icelanders and tourists alike since its introduction in the mid-20th century. It has gained ground as a national symbol, particularly in times of crisis for example in the reconstruction of values in the aftermath of the Icelandic bank collapse of 2008. I traced the development of the discourse about wool and the origins of the Icelandic sweater by looking at publications of the Icelandic National Craft Association, current design discourse in Iceland and its effect on the development of the wool industry. I then tied these factors to notions of tradition, authenticity, national culture, image and souvenirs.
Baseskoler og viktige lærerkompetanser. Hva mener lærerne?
Authors: Vinje Erlend
Published: September 2014

Denne artikkelen presenterer resultatene fra en spørreundersøkelse som ble gjennomført blant lærere i Oslo-skolen høsten 2010. Undersøkelsen tok sikte på å finne lærernes preferanser knyttet til skolearkitektur, samt å finne lærernes oppfattelse av relasjonene mellom skolearkitektur og mulighetene for utøvelse av viktige lærerkompetanser. Under­søkelsen viste at lærere som jobbet ved tradisjonelle klasseromsskoler, i klart større grad enn kollegaene fra baseskoler, oppga at de fysiske rammene ved skolen de jobbet på ga gode forutsetninger for mulighetene for utøvelse av viktige lærerkompetanser. Et klart flertall av lærerne i undersøkelsen ønsket at nye skoleanlegg ble bygget ut fra en tradisjonell modell med et fast klasserom til en fast elevgruppe. Dette var også tilfellet blant de lærerne i utvalget som jobbet i baseskoler. Undersøkelsen er den første som kartlegger relasjonene mellom skolearkitektur, med baseskoler på den ene siden og tradisjonelle skoler på den andre siden, og lærernes oppfattelse av mulighetene for utøvelse av viktige lærerkompetanser.
The encounter between two research disciplines – innovation through rethinking values and mealtime in nursing homes
Authors: Wigum Kristin Støren , Vinsnes Anne Guttormsen
Published: September 2014

More than 44,000 Norwegian citizens live in nursing homes. Many health problems are related to malnutrition and under-nourishment. Registered nurses are responsible for the care quality in nursing homes. Due to limitations with respect to workforce and budget, it is of importance that staff discovers new mealtime solutions. In the field of industrial design, the profession is continuously proliferating in specialized directions concerning both design tasks to solve, design approaches, as well as the span of technological and human-oriented means as part of solutions. The aim has been to explore how to improve the quality of mealtime in nursing homes. We have included: 1) observations 2) dialogue meetings and 3) workshops. The final result of the study is seen as two-fold: the value platform and five design concept ideas. Within the field of clinical nursing research, the hunt for new solutions is a challenge. In this work, crossing disciplinary frontiers is of great importance. In the present study, we have tried to implement this approach and experience. Through rethinking values, we have discovered innovative solutions and strategies that might have been difficult to discover within a traditional, single disciplinary method.
Evaluation Research as a Mechanism for Critical Inquiry and Knowledge Construction in Architectural and Urban Education
Authors: Salama Ashraf M.
Published: September 2014

This article responds to the misconceptions that continue to characterize the delivery of knowledge content in architectural courses. Based on reviewing the literature on pedagogy the paper explores the value and benefits of introducing evaluation research as a mechanism for critical inquiry and knowledge construction in theory courses in architecture and urbanism. A framework is developed and employed to demonstrate the way in which this type of learning can be incorporated.   The development and implementation of a series of in-class and off campus exercises in two different contexts reveal that structured actions and experiences help students to be in control over their learning while invigorating their understanding of the body of knowledge delivered in a typical lecture format. It firmly believed that this would offer students multiple learning opportunities while fostering their capabilities to shift from passive listeners to active learners and from knowledge consumers to knowledge producers.
Universell utforming og den vanskelige avgrensingen av «alle»
Authors: Risan Lars Christian , Nørve Siri
Published: September 2014

Universell utforming er et prinsipp hvor målsetningen er at «utforming av produkter og omgivelser [skal skje] på en slik måte at de kan brukes av alle mennesker, i så stor utstrekning som mulig, uten behov for tilpassing og en spesiell utforming.» (Aslaksen mfl, 1997, den første norske definisjonen) I løpet av de siste 15 årene har dette prinsippet blitt fremmet i Norge som et utvetydig fremskritt. Det kan imidlertid være farlig å tro at en ren teknisk løsning kan bygge bro over politiske kontroverser (Imrie 2012), og i denne artikkelen vil vi vise hvordan viktige ideologiske premisser er skjult under paraplyen om universalitet. Vårt empiriske felt er norsk boligpolitikk fra etterkrigstiden og fram til i dag. Innenfor dette feltet ser vi at det har vært argumentert for ulike versjoner av «universell utforming» de siste 40 årene, selv om navnet «universell utforming» er av nyere dato. Vi vil vise hvordan prinsippet har endret seg fra å ha et sosialdemokratisk innhold – før det ble omdøpt til «universell utforming» – for å bli inkorporert i et nyliberalt boligpolitisk paradigme de siste 15 årene. De sosialdemokratiske forgjengerne til «universell utforming» ble til dels formulert som videreutviklinger av en boligpolitikk for sosial rettferdighet og økonomisk likhet. Med innføringen av begrepet «universell utforming» har denne brede sosiale rammen forsvunnet, men under dekke av universalitet og entydig framskrittsoptimisme har denne politiske endringen blitt underkommunisert.[i] [i] Prosjektet er finansiert av Husbanken. Prosjektmedarbeiderne har bestått av NIBR-forskerne Erik Henningsen, Siri Nørve og Lars Risan. Underveis har disse forskerne intervjuet og snakket med en rekke personer innenfor feltene funksjonshemming- og boligpolitikk. Vi takker også Jon Guttu, Olav Rand Bringa, Tore Lange for mange konstruktive innspill.
Doctorateness in Design Disciplines. Negotiating Connoisseurship and Criticism in Practice-related Fields
Authors: Nilsson Fredrik , Dunin-Woyseth Halina
Published: September 2014

Discussions on the concept of ‘doctorateness’ have been growing during last years in traditional academic disciplines as well as in creative fields. This paper is a brief report from the first stage of a research project which studies how the concept of ‘doctorateness’ could be considered in the field of architecture, design and arts. The project builds upon a series of doctoral courses for architects and designers, and includes the study and evaluation of already accepted doctoral theses. In analyses of assessment assignments, the ‘connoisseurship model’ of Elliot W. Eisner was found to be useful. Eisner’s model of Connoisseurship & Criticism has served as the main tool for the analyses of empirical data, and as a framework for developing the concept of ‘doctorateness’ further. From the first phase of studies in the research project, the importance of particular kinds of awareness can be stressed as crucial for ‘doctorateness’, and here the model of connoisseurship and criticism has been operative. A more elaborate definition of ‘doctorateness’ is presumed to be of use as a pedagogical tool in research education in design fields as well as in dialogues between professionals of design practice and research.
Forskningsbaserad lärarfortbildning i slöjd – hur möta lärarnas behov av inspiration till undervisningsinnehåll?
Authors: Hartvik Juha , Porko-Hudd Mia
Published: September 2014

I denna artikel diskuteras förutsättningar för och upplägg av lärarfortbildning i slöjd i ett finländskt utbildningsperspektiv. Inledningsvis fokuseras utgångspunkterna för slöjdunder­visande klass- och ämneslärares behov av fortbildning. Vidare resoneras kring tillvara­tagandet av lärarnas egna undervisningsrelaterade erfarenheter och utnyttjandet av dem som en kollektiv tillgång i fortbildningssammanhang. I artikeln diskuteras även hur den forskningsbaserade lärarutbildningen kan möta den slöjdundervisande lärarens behov av ”tips och idéer” för slöjdundervisningen.
Bokanmeldelse: Mikkel B Tin (2011) Spilleregler og spillerom. Tradisjonens estetikk
Authors: Homlong Siri
Published: September 2014

Mikkel B. Tin intresserer seg for estetiske dimensjoner i kunsten generelt og i folkekunsten spesielt. I boken Spilleregler og spillerom belyser han de skapende prosesser som drives fram av individets estetiske og håndverksmessige forhold til tradisjonelle håndverk og formspråk. Hans mål har vært å undersøke tradisjonen og kunsten i deres møtepunkt, et møtepunkt han kaller tradisjonens estetikk. Som bokens tittel signaliserer finnes det i denne sammenheng noen rammer å forholde seg til; spilleregler, men også en individuell frihet vi alle forventer oss at kunstutøvere må ha; spillerom. Boken gir mange empiriske eksempel på hvordan ulike utøvere forholder seg til tradisjonen. Ved gjenstandsanalyser og intervjuer studeres den tjekkiske kunstneren Tomás Smetanas tegninger, broderte kraver fra Øst-Telemark, utskårne mønster på treportaler i Romania, håndklær fra Ukraina og ståltrådsarbeider fra Slovakia. Til slutt behandles spilleregler og spillerom for grafitti, også her med et internasjonalt perspektiv. Boken inneholder et rikt bildemateriale, beskrivelser av variasjon i mønster, farge- og materialbruk i ulike arbeider, samt lokalt og internasjonalt sammenlignende analyse av disse arbeidene. Jeg finner boken interessant fordi Tin dreier diskusjonen bort fra at det å ta utgangspunkt i tradisjonens håndverk klassifiseres som kopiering og derfor ikke bidrar til utvikling av individets skapende evner. Han peker på hvordan tradisjonelle uttrykk i ulike materialer både kan lære oss noe og åpne for utvikling av egne uttrykk. Å ta opp en tradisjon betyr ikke å kopiere den, men å spille sammen med andre innen et visst spillerom der individets egne erfaringer påvirker det estetiske resultatet, er Tins budskap. Jeg forstår godt – og liker – assosiasjonen til kort- eller brikkespill der man jo tar utgangspunkt i et sett regler. Hvilke trekk man gjør eller kort man legger avhenger likevel av den aktuelle situasjonen og hvordan de andre spiller, men også hvilke erfaringer man har fra andre ganger man har deltatt i spillet. I Tins empiriske materiale inngår også eksempel der f.eks. spesielle tekstiler inngår i en seremoni – der spillerommet også er et skuespill!Til slutt vil jeg gjerne fremheve rutenettet Tin har satt på sine empiriske studier når han siterer Kant, Merleau-Ponty, Gadamer og Husserl. Med hjelp av de tre sistnevnte, påpeker Tin at tradisjonen, noe som betyr overføring, er ikke en gitt – det er alltid opp til oss å bære den videre. I bokens ånd, tolker jeg at det er opp til oss å bestemme hvilket spill vi ønsker å spille. Boken Spilleregler og spillerom. Tradisjonens estetikk handler om tradisjon, estetikk og kroppslige opplevelser av håndverk. Boken er en interessant kilde for konkrete og filosofiske diskusjoner om tradisjon som inspirasjon.
FORMakademisk – Fem års jubileum
Authors: Reitan Janne Beate
Published: September 2014

På side 1 i nummer 1 i årgang 1 da vi publiserte det første nummeret av FORMakademisk for fem år siden, sa vi at:Målsettingen med tidsskriftet er å skape en arena for design og designdidaktikk som et interesse- og arbeidsfellesskap for å bygge disse fagene som et eget forskningsfelt. Redaksjonen oppfatter design som et generisk begrep som inkluderer diverse skapende og utøvende aktiviteter der disse resulterer i produksjon av et mangfold av artefakter, både av fysisk og virtuell karakter, innen det store spennet mellom hverdagsgjenstander som kopper og klær til byrom og landskap. Redaksjonen forholder seg til designdidaktikk som et praksisområde som inkluderer formidling av design i samfunnet og alle som underviser i design på ulike nivå fra førskolelærere som introduserer design for småbarn, skolelærere på alle skoletrinn til profesjonsdidaktikere som underviser i design for fremtidig profesjonelle innen designfagene. Siden da har vi publisert to nummer i året, til sammen ni, med mer enn 50 artikler. Redaksjonen regnet med at de fremtidige bidragsytere til FORMakademisk hovedsakelig ville bli rekruttert blant forskere innen de utøvende og skapende designfagene og at deres forskningsinteresse ville ha sitt utspring i skapende og utøvende praksis. Samtidig inviterte vi også forskere fra etablerte akademiske disipliner, når deres interesse var rettet mot skapende og utøvende prosesser og mot resultater i form av design og designede artefakter.
Multimodale skapande praksisar. Forsøk på artikulasjonar ut frå sosialsemiotikk og samtidas relasjonelle kunsthandverk
Authors: Thorsnes Tollef , Veum Aslaug
Published: September 2014

Dei siste tiåra er prega av ei multimodal vending som inneber at mange typar kommunikasjon går føre seg gjennom at fleire ulike uttrykksmåtar samverkar, slik som verbalspråk, bilete, lyd og materialitet. Endringane har ført til eit auka behov for kunnskap om korleis ein kan arbeide bevisst og kritisk med multimodale skapande prosessar. Denne artikkelen undersøkjer korleis element frå det teoretiske rammeverket sosialsemiotikk kan nyttast i arbeid med multimodale skapande prosessar og læreprosessar. Vi gjer greie for nokre erkjenningsteoretiske samanhengar mellom sosialsemiotikken og samtidas relasjonelle kunsthandverk, og på denne bakgrunnen utviklar vi nokre teoretiske omgrep som kan nyttast i multimodale skapande praksisar. Artikkelen viser vidare korleis omgrepa kan fungere i kunstprosjekt og didaktiske prosjekt. Eit hovudresultat er at omgrepa kan fungere bevisstgjerande og gi språk og artikulasjon undervegs i skapande prosessar, noko som vidare kan betre moglegheitene for kritisk tenking, etterprøvbar refleksjon og kommunikasjon både hjå forskaren, kunstnaren, læraren og studenten.