bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Hotspots and Trend Analysis in Modeling Groundwater Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids Contamination based on Bibliometrics
Authors: Ju Mengdie , Li Xiang , Wu Ruinin , Xu Zuxin , Yin Hailong
Published: September 2024

Modeling dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) contamination in groundwater is challenging because of its multiphase distribution. To understand the research trends of DNAPL modeling in groundwater, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace based on 614 publications from the WoS Core Collection database (1993-2023). The publications were statistically analyzed, and the research hotspots and trends were summarized. The statistical analysis of the publications indicates that: the United States is leading the international research on DNAPL models, followed by China and Canada; collaboration between countries and disciplines in this field needs to be strengthened. The summary of keyword clustering and burst detection reveals that: the current research hotspots focus on multiphase flow models, mass transfer models, back diffusion, and practical applications of the models; the research trends are centered on back diffusion mechanisms, characterization of contamination source zones and prediction of contaminant distribution in real-world sites, as well as the optimization of remediation strategies.
Secured Artificial Intelligence Based Face Anti-spoofing Detection Model via Serverless Architecture and SaaS Based Cloud Platform
Authors: Kottakota Sai Sanjay , Gnaneswar Anantha
Published: September 2024

As the adoption of deep learning models continues to surge across various applications, the need for efficient deployment architectures becomes increasingly critical. This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the deployment of deep learning models by leveraging serverless architecture. Serverless computing has been popular for its auto-scaling, cost-effectiveness, and simplified management characteristics. However, the intense resource demands of deep learning models pose challenges in maintaining low response times and effective load balancing within serverless environments. The proposed architecture addresses these challenges by integrating principles from both deep learning model optimization and serverless computing. Through systematic experimentation and analysis, we demonstrate that by appropriately designing and tuning the deployment architecture, significant improvements in response time, performance, resource utilization, and load distribution can be achieved.
In Vitro Neuroendocrine Differentiation of BPH-1 Cells under β2 Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation
Authors: Pigat Natascha , Garrido Castillo Laura Nalleli , Lefèvre Coline , Baures Manon , Goffin Vincent , Anract Julien , Armand Anne-Sophie , Capiod Thierry
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Epidemiologic and experimental animal studies have shown that stress can alter tumor growth and that adrenergic fibers from the sympathetic nervous system, acting through stromal β2-adrenergic receptors, promote tumor cell survival during the initial phases of cancer development. Recent epidemiological data suggest that beta blocker intake improves survival of prostate cancer patients. Methods: Signaling mediated by β-adrenergic receptors promotes neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cell line. Although neuroendocrine cells are a minor population in the epithelial compartment of normal prostate glands, the population of neuroendocrine-like cells that express markers such as SYN, Bcl-2, Dll-3, and AMACR correlates with cancer progression, androgen-independent state, and poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. As recent studies show that an increase in neuroendocrine cell density occurs before development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a non-lethal disease affecting the transition zone, in hypertensive rats, we investigated whether neuroendocrine differentiation is associated with BPH. Results: Our results showed that isobutyl-methyl-xanthine and forskolin leading to sustained activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway led to an increase in neuroendocrine differentiation markers in BPH-1 cell line. Similar results were observed by combining the β-adrenergic receptors agonist isoproterenol with forskolin. These treatments reduced BPH-1 cell proliferation rates by 40% and 60%, respectively. Effects on neuroendocrine markers expression and cell proliferation were fully reversed by the β2 blocker carvedilol. Conclusion: These data suggest that β-adrenergic receptors are linked to the development of neuroendocrine-like cells in BPH. As 20% of the prostate cancer tumors occur in this zone, this observation warrants further investigation.
LKB1 and STRAD Promote Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Cell Invasion
Authors: Trelford Charles B , Buensuceso Adrian , Tomas Emily , Valdes Yudith Ramos , Hovey Owen , Li Shawn , Shepherd Trevor G
Published: September 2024

Late-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) involves widespread dissemination of malignant disease throughout the peritoneal cavity, often accompanied by ascites. EOC metastasis relies on the formation of multicellular aggregates, called spheroids. Given that Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) is required for EOC spheroid viability and LKB1 loss in EOC cells decreases tumor burden in mice, we investigated whether the LKB1 complex controls invasive properties of human EOC spheroids. LKB1 signalling was antagonized through CRISPR/Cas9 genetic knockout of LKB1 and/or RNAi-dependent targeting of STE20-related kinase adaptor protein (STRAD; an LKB1 activator). EOC spheroids expressing nuclear GFP (green) or mKate2 (red) constructs were embedded in Matrigel for real-time live-cell invasion monitoring. Migration and invasion were also assessed in spheroid culture using Transwell chambers, spheroid reattachment, and mesothelial clearance assays. The loss of LKB1 and STRAD signalling decreased cell invasion through Matrigel and Transwell membranes, as well as mesothelial cell clearance. In the absence of LKB1, zymographic assays identified a loss of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, whereas spheroid reattachment assays found that coating plates with fibronectin restored the invasive potential. A three-dimensional EOC organoid model demonstrated that organoid area was greatly reduced by LKB1 loss. Overall, our data indicated that LKB1 and STRAD facilitated EOC metastasis by promoting MMP activity and fibronectin expression. Given that LKB1 and STRAD are crucial for EOC metastasis, targeting LKB1 and/or STRAD could disrupt the dissemination of EOC, making inhibitors of the LKB1 pathway an alternative therapeutic strategy for EOC patients.
Synergistic Effects of Incobotulinum Toxin and Physiotherapy in a Rare Case of Paraparesis in a 7-Years-Old Affected by Klippel-Feil Syndrome Related to MYH3 Gene Mutation: A Case Report
Authors: Ranieri Maurizio , Riccardi Mariagrazia , Raele Maria Vittoria , Farì Giacomo , Megna Marisa , Marvulli Riccardo
Published: September 2024

Klippel-Feil disease is a condition characterized by a defect in the spine, consisting in the fusion or non-separation of two or more vertebrae of the cervical tract. It usually affects 1 every 50.000 newborns, and the pathogenesis remains unknown to date, although the role of certain genes deputed in segmentation processes is being studied. A single case of gene Myosin Heavy Chain 3 (MYH3) mutation is described by researchers. Affected patients are often characterized by a relatively short neck and, therefore, poor mobility, a low hairline and obesity and may have other health problems of different nature. The frequent presence of comorbidities worsens the quality of life of these young patients. The following case describes the synergistic effect of Incobotulinum toxin type A and physiotherapy in a small patient with MYH3 mutation-related Klippel-Feil Syndrome (KFS) complicated by bilateral paraplegia, to improve the spasticity condition of the lower limbs. To assess improvements over time, the patient underwent rating scales to determine spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale: MAS), the neck’s range of motion (ROM), and muscle tone by using MyotonProÒ. Specifically, measurements were taken on the day of the first medical examination (T0), the month after the injection and the startup of therapeutic exercise (T1), at three months (T2), and then once a month for a total of 6 months (T3, T4 and T5). This therapeutic approach led to entirely satisfactory results with the child’s well-being, prolonged until the sixth month and with a total absence of any side effects.
Delineating Ecological Functional Zones and Grades for Multi-Scale Ecosystem Management
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Shuhan , Yu Peiheng , Lu Yanchi , Zhang Yang , Zhang Jinting , Chen Yiyun
Published: September 2024

Integrating ecosystem services (ESs) to delineate ecological functional zones (EFZs) is a fundamental work in terrestrial spatial planning and ecosystem management. However, existing studies have largely overlooked the refinement of EFZs at local scales, which hinders targeted and multi-scale ecosystem management. This study introduced a "two-step refinement zoning method" to address this gap, first using the self-organizing feature mapping method to delineate EFZs based on ESs at a township scale, and then applying hotspot overlay analysis to identify hotspots of dominant ESs within EFZs at a village scale. By overlaying the outcomes of these two steps, EFZs
can be further graded by designating villages with hotspots of dominant ESs as level I
and those without as level II. The proposed method was applied in Wuhan City, dividing it into five types of EFZs with different ESs combinations and land use compositions. Furthermore, 5.23% of villages were identified as Level I of EFZs, serving as advantageous areas of dominant ESs in the study area. On this basis, diversified management strategies and conservation priorities were proposed. This study provides a theoretical and methodological reference for terrestrial spatial planning and sustainable ecosystem management.
Utilising Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to Advance Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Yang Piao , Condrich Abraham , Scranton Sean , Hebner Camina , Lu Ling , Ali Muhammad Azam
Published: September 2024

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture by enhancing plant growth through various mechanisms. This review examines the contributions of PGPR in improving nutrient availability, producing phytohormones, providing biocontrol against pathogens, and enhancing abiotic stress tolerance. By reducing the necessity for chemical fertilizers and pesticides, PGPR mitigate environmental impacts, enhance soil health, and support long-term agricultural productivity. However, challenges such as inconsistent performance across various soils, regulatory barriers, and limited farmer awareness hinder their widespread adoption. Recent advancements in nano-encapsulation technology, genetic engineering, and bioinformatics present promising solutions for overcoming these obstacles and enhancing PGPR efficacy. The incorporation of PGPR into biofertilizers, biopesticides, and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies offers a sustainable resolution to global agricultural challenges. This review addresses the current state of PGPR research, applications, and future directions for optimizing their use in promoting sustainable agriculture.
The Basic Principles of Pathophysiology of Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Schulman Sam , Makatsariya Alexander , Khizroeva Jamilya , Bitsadze Viсtoria , Kapanadze Daredzhan
Published: September 2024

The past few decades have brought tremendous insight into the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for thrombus generation. For the clinician it is usually sufficient to explain the incident deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with provoking factors such as trauma with vascular injury, immobilization, hormonal factors, or inherited or acquired coagulation defects. About half of the DVTs are, however, lacking such triggers and are called unprovoked. Venous stasis and hypoxia at the valve sinus level may start a chain of reactions. In order to better understand the mechanisms behind DVT and reach beyond the above-mentioned simplifications animal models and clinical epidemiological studies have informed of the complex interplay between leukocytes, platelets, endothelium, cytokines, complements and coagulation factors and inhibitors. These pathways and the interplay will be reviewed here.
Characteristics of Patients with Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Advanced Ovarian, Fallopian Tube and Primary Peritoneal Cancer in 2018–2023 and the Impact of Molecular Diagnostics on the Chemotherapy in Clinical Practice
Authors: Millert-Kalińska Sonja , Stawicka-Niełacna Małgorzata , Lidia Tomczak , Pruski Dominik , Przybylski Marcin , Jaszczyńska-Nowinka Karolina , Poprawski Grzegorz , Mądry Radosław
Published: September 2024

High-grade advanced ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal (HGAOC) cancer are malignancies in which, apart from surgical treatment, systemic treatment plays an important role. The improvement in treatment results is associated with the introduction of polyADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis). The aim of this study is to present a cross-section of patients treated for HGAOC, in one center, including the distribution of treatment principles following the most up-to-date guidelines. We observed patients who reported to the Department of Gyneacological Oncology between January 2018 and December 2023. We analyzed 437 women with a first diagnosis of HGAOC, who had not been treated before. The introduction of combined treatment with bevacizumab and PARPi into the first line of treatment, regardless of any remnants left during cytoreductive surgery, was introduced in November 2022. Since then, 30% (18/60) of patients (14 with olaparib and 4 with niraparib) have used the above regimen. Previously, in May 2021 - October 2022, it was 27% of patients (13/81 with olaparib and 9/81 with niraparib). Among patients starting treatment in January 2018 - April 2021, only 4.7% (5/106) received the platinum + paclitaxel + olaparib regimen. In both groups – with and without BRCA1/2 pathogenic or likely- pathogenic variant, significantly more patients used PC + PARPi or PC + BEV + PARPi in periods II and III than in period I (p<0.01). The introduction of modern treatment in our center very quickly changed the structure of patient treatment. Carriers of BRCA1/2 pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variant had previously received only chemotherapy, disappeared after the introduction of PARPi, in favor of new therapies. Most patients with no BRCA1/2 pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variant, who used PARPi in therapy in our center – received niraparib and therefore they are beneficiaries of molecular diagnostics in the field of HRD.
Towards an In-depth Evaluation of the Performance, Suitability and Plausibility of Few-Shot Meta Transfer Learning on An Unknown Out-of-Distribution Cyber-attack Detection
Authors: Ige Tosin , Kiekintveld Christopher , Piplai Aritran , Wagler Amy , Kolade Olukunle , Matti Bolanle
Published: September 2024

The emergence of few-shot learning as a potential approach to address the problem of data scarcity by learning underlying pattern from a few training sample had so far given a mix-result especially on the suitability of model-agnostic meta learning, transfer learning, and optimization strategy to rapidly learn valid information from few sample. In this research, we did an in-depth evaluation of meta- learning to determine their plausibility and suitability for previously unknown cyberattack detection by first retrieving the original research artifacts of current state of the art meta learning to repeat the experiment with original dataset before replicating the experiment with two different malware dataset which had not been previously done with meta-transfer learning. On each of the experiments, meta-transfer learning gave good results on digital character recognition dataset but abysmal result on Malimg and Malevis malware images datasets thereby indicating its unreliability for detecting cyberattacks and the need for an improvement to the state-of-the-art meta transfer learning towards a better attack detection. Transfer learning performance is independent on imbalance and hence does not influence its performance since both malware dataset used for this experiment result in high validation loss and balancing the dataset doesn't result in reduced validation loss,the successful learning transfer seen on digital character recognition dataset is not unconnected to the fact that several languages have similar characters and digits thereby enhancing the successful learning transfer unlike malware datasets, and more importantly the finding that current meta-learning transfer approach doesn't generalize well on malware dataset and hence not suitable for detecting previously unseen out-of-distribution attack.
Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Alterations in Overweight or Obese Adult Population after Weight-Loss Bifidobacterium brevis BBr60 Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bai Zhouya , Wu Ying , Gao Dejiao , Dong Yao , Pan Yujia , Gu Shaobin
Published: September 2024

Probiotics, known for regulating gut microbiota, may aid those with overweight or obesity, but their mechanisms require more research. This study involved 75 overweight or obese young adults, randomly assigned to either a Bifidobacterium brevis BBr60 group or a placebo group. Both groups received diet guidance and took either BBr60 (1×1010 CFU/day) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Re-searchers analyzed body composition, serum glucose, lipids, liver and kidney function, comprehensive metabolome, and intestinal homeostasis before and after the intervention. After 12 weeks, BBr60 significantly reduced weight and BMI compared to pre-treatment levels and outperformed the placebo. The BBr60 group also showed improved blood biochemistry, with notably lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels than the placebo group (p < 0.05). Additionally, BBr60 influenced vital serum and fecal metabolites related to three amino acid metabolic pathways and regulated the bacteria Dialister, Klebsiella, and Bacteroides, which correlated strongly with serum metabolites. These findings indicate that BBr60 can safely and effectively regulating BMI, body weight, serum glucose, lipids, and liver function markers, which may involve BBr60's impact on key gut bacteria, which influence metabolites related to the valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Nivolumab in Metastatic Lung Cancer Among Patients Aged 65 and Older
Authors: ISIK Deniz , Alan Özkan , Akdağ Goncagül , Yildirim Sedat , Kınıkoğlu Oğuzcan , ALTINTAS Yunus Emre , Turkoglu Ezgi , Surmeli Heves , Basoglu Tugba , Sever Ozlem Nuray , Odabas Hatice , Yildirim Mahmut Emre , Turan Nedim
Published: September 2024

Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, predo-minantly affecting older individuals. Despite the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like nivolumab in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the efficacy and safety in elderly pa-tients, particularly those aged 65 and above, remain underexplored due to their underrepresenta-tion in clinical trials. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 60 elderly patients (≥65 years) with metastatic NSCLC who received nivolumab as second-line or later therapy between January 2020 and May 2023. Results: The median age was 67 years, with a predominance of males (78%). Nivolumab was administered for a median of 8 cycles, with 33.3% of patients recei-ving 15 or more cycles. The median OS was 23 months, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 93.3%, 54.1%, and 18.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified adenocarcinoma histology, fewer than 15 cycles of nivolumab, and non-response to prior therapies as independent predictors of poor OS. Nivolumab treatment was generally well-tolerated, with 45% of patients experiencing at least grade 1 toxicity. Conclusion: Nivolumab is effective and well-tolerated in elderly patients with metastatic NSCLC, providing survival benefits comparable to those observed in younger populations. The number of treatment cycles and initial response to therapy are key determinants of survival, underscoring the importance of continued treatment in this age group.
Real World Analysis of Two Handheld Retinograph, Evaluation by Ophthalmologist and an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Romero‐Aroca Pedro , Fontova‐Poveda Benilda , Garcia‐Curto Eugeni , Valls Aida , Cristiano Julian , Llagostera‐Serra Monica , Morente‐Lorenzo Cristian , Mendez‐Marín Isabel , Baget‐Bernaldiz Marc
Published: September 2024

(1) Telemedicine in diabetic retinopathy (RD) screening is effective but does not reach the entire diabetes population. The use of portable cameras and artificial intelligence (AI) can help diabetes screening. (2) Methods: We evaluated the ability of two handheld cameras, one based on a smartphone and the other on a smartscope, to obtain images comparing OCT. Evaluation was done in two stages, the first by two retina specialists and the second using an artificial intelligence algorithm that we developed. (3) Results: The retina specialists report that the smartphone images must mydriasis in all cases compared to 73.05% of the smartscope images and 71.11% of the OCT images. Images were ungradable in 27.98% of the retinographs with the smartphone and 7.98% with the smartscope. The detection of any-DR using the AI algorithm showed that the smartphone obtained lower recall values (0.89) and F1scores (0.89) than the smartscope, with 0.99. The detection of Mild-DR using the smartphone also obtained low results (146 retinographs) compared to the smartscope (218 retinographs). (4) Conclusions: The use of handheld devices together with AI algorithms for reading retinographs can be useful for DR screening, although these devices need to improve the ease image acquisition through small pupils.
Computational Model of the Effect of pH on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation by Sporosarcina pasteurii
Authors: Khoshtinat Shiva , Marano Claudia , Kioumarsi Mahdi
Published: September 2024

Utilising the metabolic processes (urease activity) of certain microorganisms that result in the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a sustainable method for manufacturing self-healing cementitious materials for use in the construction, soil stabilization, and wind-induced erosion industries has garnered considerable attention over the last twenty years. Despite extensive efforts for experimental characterization of the effect of numerous influential factors such as the bacteria type, nutrition type and quantity, and environmental conditions governing this phenomenon, computational modeling of this biochemical process has not advanced significantly due to its complexity and intertwined involved parameters. Among these parameters, pH is of special significance since the initial pH level has an immediate effect on the bacteria's urease activity, which then influences the rate at which calcium carbonate precipitates. Furthermore, during the CaCO3 precipitation process, pH changes due to the generation of byproducts such as ammonium, which alters the velocity of the bacteria's urease activity continuously.The present study proposes a computational model for calcium carbonate precipitation by urease activity of Sporosarcina pasteurii using COMSOL Multiphysics®. The theoretical background on governing parameters and chemical reactions involved in the process are discussed. The model takes into account the impact of calcium and urea concentrations, as well as the initial pH level and pH variations caused by the production of by-products during the process. The capability of the model to foresee CaCO3 concentration and ultimate pH level is evaluated by comparing the computational outcomes with empirical data obtained from established literature sources. The influence of the initial pH of the environment on the pH variation of the system during the precipitation process was simulated and compared to actual data available in the literature, suggesting that the model can accurately predict the kinetic. Finally, a parametric analysis is performed to identify the ideal initial environmental pH for calcium carbonate precipitation by the S. pasteurii bacterium.
Machine Learning Discoveries of ANTXR2-X Synergy in etc-1922159 Treated Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Sinha Shriprakash
Published: September 2024

Often, in biology, we are faced with the problem of exploring relevant unknown biological hypotheses in the form of myriads of combinations of factors/genes/proteins that might be affecting the pathway under certain conditions. In colorectal cancer (CRC) cells treated with ETC-1922159, many genes were found up and down regu- lated, individually. A recently developed search engine ranked combinations of AN- TXR cell adhesion molecule 2 (ANTXR2)-X (X, a particular gene/protein) at 2nd order level after drug administration. These rankings reveal which ANTXR2-X combinations might be working synergistically in CRC. If found true, oncologists can further test the combination of interest in wet lab and determine the mechanism of functioning be- tween the ANTXR2 and X. In this research work, we cover combinations of ANTXR2 with Collagen (COL), Integrin (ITG), Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), WNT, TNF and Interleukin (IL) .
Bioassays with Allium cepa for the Monitoring of Toxicity in the Groundwater of Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Cauich-Suárez Loremy Yahudí , Sánchez-Sánchez Victor Emmanuel , Moreno-Ortiz Gissela Estefanía , Noreña-Barroso Elsa , Rodríguez-Fuentes Gabriela México
Published: September 2024

This study employed the Allium cepa bioassay to evaluate the toxic effects of contaminants in the Yucatan aquifer. Seven monitoring wells were studied during September and October 2021. Nutrient concentrations showed significant variation between sites, with samples closer to the coast (P3 and P7) presenting higher ammonia and phosphate concentrations. The pesticides found at the highest concentration were δ-HCH and chlorpyrifos, with 141.44 and 175.92 ng/L, respectively. Heptachlor and aldrin were present in sites P4oct and P2sept. Interestingly, DDT values were highly correlated with caffeine concentrations. Acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and the sum of B(k)fluoranthene and B(b)fluoranthene presented the highest prevalence. B(k)fluoranthene and B(b)fluoranthene were the PAHs found at the highest concentration. The results of the A. cepa bioassay indicated no nuclear abnormalities. The study also found no statistical differences in the mitotic index, root length, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and inhibition of B-esterases between sites and controls. In summary, the wells sampled in the present study had low concentrations of contaminants that can be used as a proxy of anthropogenic discharges; the lack of effect in the biomarkers used at organism, cellular, and biochemical levels indicated no toxic effect on A. cepa roots.
Making Mobile Nanotechnology Accessible: Is the Explicit Preparation of Janus Nanoparticle Necessary to Achieve Mobility?
Authors: Nidhi Vagisha , Allaire Arthur , Ait Athmane Zakariya , Guenoun Patrick , Testard Fabienne , Renault Jean-Philippe , Malloggi Florent
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the necessity of particle asymmetry for self-propulsion in nanomotors. While conventional wisdom posits that asymmetric designs are crucial for generating phoretic forces or localized bubble propulsion, recent research suggests that symmetrical particles may also exhibit motility. To address this debate, we developed a robust workflow for synthesizing gold grafted silica nanoparticles with precise control over size and shape, enabling the direct comparison of their motile behavior by dynamic light scattering and particle tracking velocimetry. Our results indicate that the inherent asymmetry generated during isotropic gold nanoparticle deposition onto silica surfaces may enable particle motility.
The Effect of Lighting Variability on a Facial Skin Analysis Device
Authors: Parraga Shirley P , Shah Shailey C , Yi Robin C , Girard Griffin S , Taylor Sarah L , Feldman Steven R
Published: September 2024

Facial artificial intelligence (AI) skincare applications offer patients simple and effective means of obtaining quantitative information regarding their skin characteristics. Advances in AI may facilitate dermatologic assessments by providing accurate and reliable scores for common skin concerns. The objective of our study was to assess the effect of different lighting on facial characteristic scores produced by an iPad-based AI skin analysis system. Participants were recruited from dermatology clinics. Images were captured using an AI skincare app in different lighting settings: below average lighting (L1), standard room lighting (L2), and enhanced studio lighting (L3). Raw scores produced for twenty facial characteristics were recorded. Higher raw scores indicated better skin health. Scores were compared between the three lighting conditions. Below average lighting had the highest mean raw scores for facial characteristics (79.67 ±10.56). Mean raw scores were lowest for enhanced studio lighting conditions (74.43 ±10.24). The difference in scores produced by the different lighting conditions was not statistically significant (p=0.79). Enhanced studio lighting did not appear necessary as scores were similar without the additional lighting. The application used in our study may serve as a cost-effective and convenient tool both within and outside clinical settings allowing enhanced quantitative analysis of facial characteristics.
Synthesis and Characterization of N-Nitrososydnonimine as NO. Donor
Authors: Saffon-Merceron Nathalie , Lherbet Christian , Hoffmann Pascal
Published: September 2024

N-Nitroso-3-morpholinosydnonimine 3 was prepared by nitrosation of SIN-1 and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS. Its structure, confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, was found in agreement with its mesoionic and aromatic character. Unlike SIN-1, which releases both nitric oxide and superoxide radical, decomposition of this nitrosylated sydonimine could yield nitric oxide as the only decomposition product, and thus without the formation of toxic peroxynitrite.
Kültürel Ürünlerde Rekabet ve İmaj Karmaşası: Gül ve Lavanta Örneği ile Isparta Destinasyonu Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Gençer Zeynep , Selçuk Onur
Published: September 2024

Turistik destinasyonlarda imajı etkileyen birden fazla ürün olduğunda hem imaj açısından hem de ürün rekabeti açısından bir karmaşa yaşanabilmektedir ya da aksine ürünler bir rekabet içinde değil, bütünleştirici bir etki yaratabilmektedir. Bu tür destinasyonlarda rekabetle birlikte bazı ürünler turistik olarak değerlendirilebileceği gibi bazı ürünler kültürel bir ürün olup sembolik anlamlar yüklenebilmekte veya sadece ticari, endüstriyel ürün olarak nitelendirilebilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, benzer bir durumun yaşandığı Isparta ili için iki önemli ürün olan gül ve lavantanın değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Gül ve lavantanın kendi arasındaki ilişkinin rekabet, destinasyon imajı ve sembolik anlamı konuları üzerinden değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Değerlendirme yapılırken netnografi ve çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerinden faydalanılmıştır. ÇKKV ile yerel halkın ve turistlerin görüşleri; netnografi ile Kuyucak Köyü’ne dair TripAdvisor yorumları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın ana bulgusuna göre destinasyon imajında gül lavantaya göre ön planda bulunurken, gül bir kültürel ürün, lavanta ise turistik ürün olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
A four-year Retrospective Epidemiological Study on Hanging at A Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Maharashtra
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, 92 Base Hospital, Srinagar 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, Debbarma Antara , Radhakrishna KV ,   Professor and Head, Department of Forensic Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, Maharashtra,, Kumar Sravan ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Command Hospital, Southern Command, Pune 411001, Maharashtra,, Rathee Abhishek ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Command Hospital, Western Command, Panchkula 134114, Haryana,, Bansal Sandip ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu and Kashmir 180017,, Kumar Naveen ,   Junior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, Maharashtra, India., Raveendran Rohith ,   Junior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, Maharashtra, India.
Published: September 2024

India is currently the fastest growing economy in the world. A fast-paced life also caters to the stress and strain, especially in metro cities. Hanging was noted as the preferred method of suicide in almost all countries in Eastern Europe and South Asia. Aims: To study prevalence and pattern of hanging in Western Maharashtra. Settings and Design: Retrospective cross-section study. methods And mAteriAl: This retrospective cross-section study was carried out at Tertiary Care Hospital, Western Maharashtra from 1st Sept 2019 to 30th Sept 2023. Data was collected retrospectively and analysed statistically. Statistical analysis used: Microsoft Excel version 2013 results: During the study period, 810 post-mortems were conducted, out of which 138 cases (17.04%) were hanging. Highest number i.e., 40.58% of cases reported within the age group of 21- 30 out of which 74.74% were males with a Male: Female ratio of 3:1. Males of 21 to 30 years showing the highest number of cases (36.89%). 67.39% were Urban population and 32.61% of cases were from rural. 47.83% of them were Typical Hanging where knot mark was present over the occiput, while 29.71% of cases were of Atypical Hanging, 100% suicidal with 01 case only of hyoid bone fracture. ConClusions: This study reflects the alarming data of the vulnerable age and gender, the method of hanging adapted, and the geography involved.
Psychological Autopsy: A case report unraveling the complex factors surrounding a sudden Death
Authors:   Junior Resident, , Department of Biochemistry, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata 713104,, Roy Satrajit , Sukul Surankita ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata 713104,, Bandyopadhyay Chandan ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic and State Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India., Sukul Biswajit ,   Professor and Head, Department of Forensic and State Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India.
Published: September 2024

The psychological autopsy aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the psychological, emotional, and behavioural history of the deceased before death, shedding light on potential factors contributing to the untimely demise. This case report delves into the application of a psychological autopsy in understanding the circumstances and psychological factors leading to the unnatural death of a 29-year-old male who was found dead under mysterious circumstances. This report examines the methodology involved in conducting a psychological autopsy, emphasizing the importance of gathering information from various sources, including medical records, interviews with family and friends, and exploration of the individual’s past mental health issues, stressors, and life events, which helped in shedding light as to the manner of death and guiding the forensic pathologist to send for the necessary ancillary biochemical investigations.
Cause and Manner of Death in Medicolegal Autopsy: A Tertiary Care Centre Study from North India
Authors:   Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Agad Tantra evum Vidhi Vaidyak, Uttarakhand Ayurved University Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand,, Singh Dezy , Tiwari R. C. ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Agad Tantra evum Vidhi Vaidyak, Uttarakhand Ayurved University Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand,, Bhute Ashish ,   Additional Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203,, P Meshram Ravi ,   Additional Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203,, Mittal Bhawana ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Agad Tantra evum Vidhi Vaidyak, Uttarakhand Ayurved University Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand,, Kumar Arvind ,   Additional Professor, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India.
Published: September 2024

Context: Medicolegal autopsy results are determined by the pathological examination hence there is a need to check and consolidate all the factors that contribute in the interpretation of histology finding. Lung is vital organ in contributing the certain histologic pattern that can unfold the cause and manner of death. Aims: To note the role of gross and histopathological examination in ascertaining the cause and manner of death in lung autopsy. Setting and Design: Study was conducted in department of Pathology with Forensic department collaboration over the period of one year. It’s a prospective observational study including 100 medicolegal autopsy cases taken. mAteriAl And method: Gross examination followed by histopathological examination on hemotyxilin and eosin stained slide of lung tissue were done. Special stains were used wherever required and findings noted. All variable were correlated using Chi-squared test, Fisher’s Exact and Kruskal Wallis and strength of association with Kendall’s Tau, Chi-squared test, Cramer’s V statistical tools. results: Majority of cases were in between 20-39 yrs with male predominence. Most common gross finding was congestion followed by consolidation. In histology pulmonary edeme followed by pneumonitis were noted. Most frequent cause of death was brain injury followed by septicemia and manner of death was accidental followed by natural. There was significant assocaition observed between histopathology and age as well as in between gross finding with cause and manner of death. ConClusion: Gross finding coupled with microscopy can link in the detection of cause and manner of death.
Radiological Study of Pattern of Intracranial Haemorhages and Skull Fractures in Fatal Head Injury
Authors:   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Travancore Medical College, Quilon, Kerala, 691020, India., Naik Lohit , IV Vishnu ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Travancore Medical College, Quilon, Kerala, 691020, India., Jobby Abraham ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Travancore Medical College, Quilon, Kerala, 691020, India.
Published: September 2024

BACKground: India in last few years have grown in leaps and have undergone major economic and demographic transition coupled with increasing urbanization and motorization. Among the top ten causes of mortality in the country, Road traffic accidents was one among the tenth cause. But with the increasing urban expanse and lifestyle changes, it is projected that road traffic accidents will occupy the second position in the list of major killers among the causes of disease burden in this century. Road accidents are one of the leading cause of death globally and mainly occurs in the age group of 15 to 49 years. methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 120 cases being brought in the casualty of Travancore Medical College, Kollam, from July 2023to December 2023. A detailed data of sociodemographic profile, type of skull fractures and type of intracranial hemorrhages were noted. results: The maximum cases (30.9%) were in the age of 31-40 years (37 cases); followed by 31 cases (25.9%) from the age group 41-50years. The mean age of the patients was 33.24 (SD14.66) years. Linear fractures were the commonest type of skull fracture which were seen in 48 cases (40%), followed by comminuted fracture in 12 cases (10%) and depressed fracture in 2 cases (1.7%). Subdural hemorrhage was the commonest intracranial hemorrhage, seen in 58 cases (48.3%), followed by subarachnoid hemorrhage in 48 cases (40%).
Spectrum of Pathology in Neonatal Deaths: An Autopsy Study
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, B. J. Medical College Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India., R. Ingale Swati , O. Bhatia Varsha ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, B. J. Medical College Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India., S. Tatya Harish ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, B. J. Medical College Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India., K. Kulkarni Kalpana ,   Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, B. J. Medical College Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India.
Published: September 2024

BACKground: The neonatal period (<28 days) is most vulnerable for child survival. Globally among all the deaths under five years in 2018, 47% are neonatal deaths. Most of these deaths are due to preventable and treatable causes like infections and intra-partum injury. It is important to understand underlying causes of neonatal death. The role of autopsy is very crucial in establishing the facts about death which helps to plan national and global health strategies. Aims: To evaluate the spectrum of neonatal pathology, estimate frequency of neonatal pathology and to address the most common neonatal pathology. mAteriAl And methods: A retrospective observational study of neonatal medicolegal autopsy cases received from January 2022 to December 2022 in autopsy section at Tertiary health care centre, Pune. Gross and microscopic examination was done. All the results were tabulated and analysed. results: 93 cases were studied, out of which 73 early neonates (<= 7 days), 20 late neonates (>7 days), M:F = 1.06:1. The most common cause of death was lung pathology 96.7% cases, pulmonary haemorrhage (24.44%) and meconium aspiration (24.44%) were predominant lesion, pulmonary oedema (17.77%) and pneumonia (15.55%). Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations 10.75% and Liver Pathology 6.45%. Rare pathologies include Congenital Heart Disease (1.07%) and Renal pathology (1.07%). ConClusions: It is vital to study the spectrum of histopathological features in neonatal deaths as it provides adequate diagnosis which helps to plan appropriate resource and management strategies in tertiary health care centre.
El lenguaje de las redes sociales en el léxico periodístico: evolución del anglicismo hashtag en El País, El Mundo y 20 Minutos
Authors: González Ibáñez María Inés
Published: September 2024

The use of social media as a source of journalistic information and its consolidation as part of the digital ecosystem of the media has implied the adoption of terms that were not previously part of its contents. In the specific case of hashtag, this is due to its function as a content classifier and as a marker of the importance of a specific topic –the one designated by the word or phrase written after the # symbol–. This research aims to delve into the use of this anglicism to recognize the factors that influenced its adoption, proliferation, and consolidation as part of the journalistic lexicon. To do this, we expose chronologically the number of news items located per year in three Spanish media –El País, El Mundo, and 20 Minutos–, and present the information through which hashtag was first included in each one, as well as the events or topics that played a role in the dissemination and fixation of the term in the news.
Diferencias informativas en los perfiles de TikTok de A3N y AC2ALITY: el caso de la foto de Kate Middleton
Authors: López Frías Claudia
Published: September 2024

The media ecosystem faces the emergence of social networks as a new scene in the information field. In this new ecosystem, the way in which new generations consume news has moved to social networks, and at the same time the way in which they become communicators has changed. Through a case study we will compare the communicative differences between a native digital medium and a traditional medium adapted to the TikTok social network to assess the keys to the success of certain videos over others, the communicative and form differences of both profiles. The investigation is supported by a review of two media profiles, Antena 3 Noticias and Ac2ality, and the videos regarding the case at hand. The results of the work address certain communicative differences between a native TikTok media and a mixed media, which uses, on the one hand, its Tv news for its profile and, on the other, creates specific content for the social network
Revealing Microstructure and Enduring Properties of Settled Barite Extracted from an Offshore Well Two Decades Later: Well Abandonment and Slot Recovery
Authors: Yousuf H. B. , Khalifeh M. , Saasen A. , Godøy R. , Karlsen H. C. , Naumann M. , Ibragimova Z. , Kruber C. , Noort R. V.
Published: September 2024

Barite settling in the annulus behind the casing is an undesired yet common occurrence during the life of a well. Over time, the drilling fluid left in the annulus settles, leaving behind solidified barite that can hinder slot recovery and plug and abandonment (P&A) operations by impeding the cut and pull process. During a P&A operation, Equinor acquired settled barite samples from a North Sea well where the casing was held back by these weighting agents, introducing overpull and prolonging the cut and pull operation. A laboratory analysis program that included determination of the particle-size distribution (PSD), electrokinetic potential of particles (zeta potential), crystallography [X-ray diffraction (XRD)], chemical composition [X-ray fluorescence (XRF)], thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and microstructure [scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and quantitative evaluation of materials by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN)] was carried out on these settled barite samples to understand their properties. The results of this study provided valuable insights into the composition and characteristics of the settled material in the annulus. The solidified barite within the annular space exhibited no signs of chemical reactions. XRD analysis confirmed the barite to be the sole predominant solid in the solidified material, aligning with expectations. However, additional analytical techniques, including XRF, QEMSCAN, and EDS, detected interconnections between barite particles, primarily facilitated by iron or quartz particles. Additionally, trace amounts of calcite, iron oxide, and mixed compositions involving Si, S, Fe, Ba, O, and Cl were identified within the solidified material. SEM results indicated that the particles exhibited strong compaction characteristics but lacked cementation, retaining some porosity. Notably, the absence of bentonite or other clays was consistently observed in all analyses. This study highlights the process of solidification observed in settled barite, suggesting that factors other than chemical reactions may be responsible for this phenomenon. The potential mechanisms contributing to solidification include physical aggregation, compaction, and alterations in surface charge under downhole conditions. This enhanced understanding of the solidification process will contribute to the development of solutions for efficient casing removal and even the usage of settled barite as a barrier material.