bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation times of velocity and kinetic helicity fluctuations in non-helical hydrodynamic turbulence
Authors: Zhou Hongzhe , Jingade Naveen
Published: November 2024

Non-helical turbulence within a linear shear flow has demonstrated efficient amplification of large-scale magnetic fields in numerical simulations, but its precise mechanism remains elusive. The incoherent

$\alpha$

mechanism proposes that a zero-mean fluctuating transport coefficient

$\alpha$

(linked to kinetic helicity) in the shear flow is a candidate driver. Previous renovating-flow models have proposed that the correlation time of helicity fluctuations must be sufficiently extended to overcome turbulent magnetic diffusivity, yet only empirical validation of this concept has been obtained. In this study, we conduct direct numerical simulations of weakly compressible non-helical hydrodynamic turbulence. We scrutinize the correlation times of velocity and kinetic helicity fluctuations in distinct flow configurations, including rotation, shearing and Keplerian flows, as well as the shearing burgulence counterpart. Our findings indicate that rotation contributes to a prolonged correlation time of helicity compared with velocity, particularly notable in auto-correlations of both volume-averaged quantities and individual Fourier modes due to the formation of large-scale vortices. In contrast, moderate shear strength does not exhibit significant scale separation, with shear flows elongating vortices in the shear direction. Shearing burgulence, characterized by shorter helicity correlation times, appears less conducive to hosting the incoherent

$\alpha$

effect. Notably, at modest shear rates, only Keplerian flows exhibit sufficiently coherent helicity fluctuations, in contrast to shearing flows. However, the relative strength of helicity fluctuations compared with turbulent diffusivity is significantly lower, raising doubts about the viability of the incoherent

$\alpha$

effect as a potential dynamo driver in the subsonic flows examined in this study.
Experimental study on the effect of wall proximity on the flow around a cylinder under an axial magnetic field
Authors: Wang Ze-Dong , Zhang Qi-Long , Kolesnikov Yuri B. , Lyu Ze , Yang Juan-Cheng , Ni Ming-Jiu , Zhang Nian-Mei
Published: November 2024

Investigations are conducted on the effect of wall proximity on the flow around a cylinder under an axial magnetic field, using the electrical potential probe technology to measure the velocity of liquid metal flow. The study focused on the impact of the inlet velocity of the fluid, the magnetic field and wall proximity on the characteristics of velocity fields, particularly on the vortex-shedding mode. Based on different magnitudes of the magnetic field and the distance from the cylinder to the duct wall, three types of vortex-shedding modes are identified, (I) shear layer oscillation state, (II) quasi-two-dimensional vortex-shedding states and (III) transition of the magnetohydrodynamic to hydrodynamic Kármán street. The transitions between these modes are analysed in detail. The experimental results show that the weak wall-proximity effect leads to the formation of the Kármán vortex street, while a reverse Kármán vortex street and secondary vortices emerge under a strong wall-proximity effect. It is noticed that the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability drives vortex shedding under regime I, leading to an increase in the Strouhal number (St) with stronger magnetic fields. Additionally, under a strong axial magnetic field, the wall-proximity effect (‘Shercliff layer effect’) promotes the instability of shear layers on both sides of the cylinder. These unique coupling effects are validated by variations in modal coefficients and energy proportions under different vortex-shedding regimes using the proper orthogonal decomposition method.
Impact of vaporization on drop aerobreakup
Authors: Boyd B. , Becker S. , Ling Y.
Published: November 2024

Aerodynamic breakup of vaporizing drops is commonly seen in many spray applications. While it is well known that vaporization can modulate interfacial instabilities, the impact of vaporization on drop aerobreakup is poorly understood. Detailed interface-resolved simulations were performed to systematically study the effect of vaporization, characterized by the Stefan number, on the drop breakup and acceleration for different Weber numbers and density ratios. It is observed that the resulting asymmetric vaporization rates and strengths of Stefan flow on the windward and leeward sides of the drop hinder bag development and prevent drop breakup. The critical Weber number thus generally increases with the Stefan number. The modulation of the boundary layer also contributes to a significant increase of drag coefficient. Numerical experiments were performed to affirm that the drop volume reduction plays a negligible role and the Stefan flow is the dominant reason for the breakup suppression and drag enhancement observed.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow and structures in a circular pipe subjected to axial system rotation
Authors: Zhang Zhao-Ping , Wang Bing-Chen
Published: November 2024

Turbulent circular pipe flows subjected to axial system rotation are studied using direct numerical simulations (DNS) for a wide range of rotation numbers of

$Ro_b = 0\unicode{x2013}20$

at a fixed Reynolds number. To ensure that energetic turbulent eddy motions are captured at high rotation numbers, long pipes up to

$L_z = 180{\rm \pi} R$

are used in DNS. Two types of energy-containing flow structures have been observed. The first type is hairpin structures that are characteristic of the turbulent boundary layer developing over the pipe wall for both non-rotating and axially rotating flows. The second type is Taylor columns forming at moderate and high rotation numbers. Based on the study of two-point autocorrelation coefficients, it is observed that Taylor columns exhibit quasi-periods in both axial and azimuthal directions. According to the premultiplied spectra, Taylor columns feature one single characteristic axial length scale at the moderate rotation numbers but two at high rotation numbers. It is discovered that the axial system rotation suppresses the sweep events systematically and impedes the formation of hairpin structures. As the rotation number is increased, the turbulence kinetic energy held by Taylor columns enhances rapidly associated with significant increases in their axial length scales.
Under Siege: A Brief Glimpse of Legal Education and the Rule of Law in Ukraine
Authors: Grant Julienne E. , Shopina Iryna , Brych Larysa , Movchan Anatolii
Published: November 2024

As editor of the International Journal of Legal Information, I receive article submissions from scholars in many nations, including Ukraine. Overall, the articles that Ukrainian legal academics submit are impressive; they are well-researched, well-written, and have multiple authors. Under normal circumstances, this would be unsurprising, but Ukraine is under siege and has been since Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022.
On Riemann–Hilbert problem and multiple high-order pole solutions to the cubic Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Zhou Wen-Yu , Tian Shou-Fu , Li Zhi-Qiang
Published: November 2024

In this work, the Riemann–Hilbert (RH) problem is employed to study the multiple high-order pole solutions of the cubic Camassa–Holm (cCH) equation with the term characterizing the effect of linear dispersion under zero boundary conditions and nonzero boundary conditions. Under the reflectionless situation, we generalize the residue theorem and obtain the multiple high-order pole solutions of cCH equation by solving an algebraic system. During the process of establishing the solution of RH problem, to simplify the calculations involving the implicitly expressed of variables (x, t) in the solution, we introduce a new scale (y, t) to ensure the solution of RH problem is explicitly expressed with respect to it. Finally, the exact solutions are obtained for cases involving one high-order pole and N high-order poles.
Equivalence between the functional equation and Voronoï-type summation identities for a class of L-functions
Authors: Roy Arindam , Sahoo Jagannath , Vatwani Akshaa
Published: November 2024

To date, the bestmethodsfor estimating the growth of mean values of arithmetic functions rely on the Voronoï summation formula. By noticing a general pattern in the proof of his summation formula, Voronoï postulated that analogous summation formulas for

$\sum a(n)f(n)$

can be obtained with ‘nice’ test functions f(n), provided a(n) is an ‘arithmetic function’. These arithmetic functions a(n) are called so because they are expected to appear as coefficients of some L-functions satisfying certain properties. It has been well-known that the functional equation for a general L-function can be used to derive a Voronoï-type summation identity for that L-function. In this article, we show that such a Voronoï-typesummation identity in fact endows the L-function with some structural properties, yielding in particular the functional equation. We do this by considering Dirichlet series satisfying functional equations involving multiple Gamma factors and show that a given arithmetic function appears as a coefficient of such a Dirichlet series if and only if it satisfies the aforementioned summation formulas.
Dynamics of projectable functions: towards an atlas of wandering domains for a family of Newton maps
Authors: Florido Robert , Fagella Núria
Published: November 2024

We present a one-parameter family Fλ of transcendental entire functions with zeros, whose Newton’s method yields wandering domains, coexisting with the basins of the roots of Fλ. Wandering domains for Newton maps of zero-free functions have been built before by, e.g. Buff and Rückert [23] based on the lifting method. This procedure is suited to our Newton maps as members of the class of projectable functions (or maps of the cylinder), i.e. transcendental meromorphic functions f(z) in the complex plane that are semiconjugate, via the exponential, to some map g(w), which may have at most a countable number of essential singularities. In this paper, we make a systematic study of the general relation (dynamical and otherwise) between f and g, and inspect the extension of the logarithmic lifting method of periodic Fatou components to our context, especially for those g of finite-type. We apply these results to characterize the entire functions with zeros whose Newton’s method projects to some map g which is defined at both 0 and

$\infty$

. The family Fλ is the simplest in this class, and its parameter space shows open sets of λ-values in which the Newton map exhibits wandering or Baker domains, in both cases regions of initial conditions where Newton’s root-findingmethod fails.
Global dynamics for the stochastic nonlinear beam equations on the four-dimensional torus
Authors: Chapouto Andreia , Li Guopeng , Liu Ruoyuan
Published: November 2024

We study global-in-time dynamics of the stochastic nonlinear beam equations (SNLB) with an additive space-time white noise, posed on the four-dimensional torus. The roughness of the noise leads us to introducing a time-dependent renormalization, after which we show that SNLB is pathwise locally well-posed in all subcritical and most of the critical regimes. For the (renormalized) defocusing cubic SNLB, we establish pathwise global well-posedness below the energy space, by adapting a hybrid argument of Gubinelli-Koch-Oh-Tolomeo (2022) that combines the I-method with a Gronwall-type argument. Lastly, we show almost sure global well-posedness and invariance of the Gibbs measure for the stochastic damped nonlinear beam equations in the defocusing case.
The Free Movement of People and the Success of Far-Right Parties: Evidence from Switzerland’s Border Liberalization
Authors: ALRABABAH ALA , BEERLI ANDREAS , HANGARTNER DOMINIK , WARD DALSTON
Published: November 2024

The main theories explaining electoral backlash against immigration focus on citizens’ cultural, economic, and security concerns. We test these predictions in Switzerland, which opened its labor market to neighboring countries in the 2000s. Employing a difference-in-differences design, we document a substantial rise in immigrant workers in Swiss border municipalities after the border opened. This was accompanied by a 6-percentage-point (95% confidence interval 2–10) increase in support for anti-immigrant parties, equivalent to a 32% rise at the mean. However, we find no adverse effects on citizens’ employment, wages, or subjective perceptions of economic, cultural, or security threats. Instead, we describe how far-right parties introduced novel narratives related to overcrowding to advance hostility toward immigrants. We provide evidence that this rhetoric targeted border municipalities, where it had the greatest impact on voters susceptible to political persuasion. Together, these findings suggest that elites can play a role in driving anti-immigrant votes.
Spontaneous regression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports
Authors: Lau Kin Lun , Ferozepurwalla Zarius
Published: November 2024

Objective

A systematic review of case reports in spontaneous regression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was carried out to investigate the pattern and characteristics of this phenomenon.

Methods

A systematic search of case studies of spontaneously regressed head and neck SCC was carried out in Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline and Pubmed. Methodological quality was assessed by ascertainment of diagnosis and overall details of reports. Outcomes included patient demographics, head and neck SCC characteristics and clinical course of disease.

Results

A total of 8 cases were included and 50 per cent (n = 4) of the reported cases were SCC of the vocal folds. All cases received a surgical biopsy and three cases had possible febrile episodes preceding regression. The mean length of time to regression was 4.3 months.

Discussion

Spontaneous regression in head and neck SCC is likely to be under-reported. A better understanding of how the host immune system can instigate an antitumour response will shed light on the development of novel treatments.
Agents of capital: Matriarchs, law, and agrarian transactions in the Eastern Gangetic plains of eighteenth-century India
Authors: Narayan Rochisha
Published: November 2024

This article contributes to historiographical examinations of gender and capitalism in eighteenth-century India. Focusing on the fragile nature of revenue farming ventures in this period, the article illustrates how propertied women in the Eastern Gangetic plains used matriarchal authority and affect to lead their agrarian and mercantile family firms into commercial transactions. The article shows that the household was the locus of these commercial relationships and that of the competing and layered sovereignties of distinct state and non-state actors. At the same time, matriarchs exercised their authority beyond it. Travelling in palanquins, or having their kin conduct transactions on their behalf, they asserted their maternal authority and social status in different publics to protect their firms’ interests. In a second key argument, the article suggests that Mughal law, fostered by native officials in the early colonial courts in Banaras, facilitated propertied women’s participation in this economy. Matriarchs demonstrated a keen understanding of this fractured jurisdictional landscape and used it to their advantage as they manoeuvred from one legal forum to another. The third argument of this article illustrates that colonial regulations redefined, and could even compromise, propertied women’s engagements in land revenue transactions. These shifts were made possible through the mobilization of gender and specific understandings of womanhood and the household. In this article, I show that these attempts to disenfranchise propertied women in Banaras were intimately connected to the Company’s vision of a colonial public in which it could monopolize sovereignty.
Mulder’s hail Mary
Authors: Hereth Blake
Published: November 2024

In a recent article Jack Mulder, Jr gives a Plantinga-style defence of the Virgin Mary’s free consent to bear Jesus at the Annunciation. Against Mulder, I argue that a theodicy (rather than a defence) is necessary to undermine my arguments, that Mulder’s Catholic appeal to Mary’s Immaculate Conception amounts to a kind of freedom-undermining metaphysical grooming, and therefore Marian consent remains invalid.
A GENERAL LIMIT THEORY FOR NONLINEAR FUNCTIONALS OF NONSTATIONARY TIME SERIES
Authors: Wang Qiying , Phillips Peter C. B.
Published: November 2024

New limit theory is provided for a wide class of sample variance and covariance functionals involving both nonstationary and stationary time series. Sample functionals of this type commonly appear in regression applications and the asymptotics are particularly relevant to estimation and inference in nonlinear nonstationary regressions that involve unit root, local unit root, or fractional processes. The limit theory is unusually general in that it covers both parametric and nonparametric regressions. Self-normalized versions of these statistics are considered that are useful in inference. Numerical evidence reveals interesting strong bimodality in the finite sample distributions of conventional self-normalized statistics similar to the bimodality that can arise in t-ratio statistics based on heavy tailed data. Bimodal behavior in these statistics is due to the presence of long memory innovations and is shown to persist for very large sample sizes even though the limit theory is Gaussian when the long memory innovations are stationary. Bimodality is shown to occur even in the limit theory when the long memory innovations are nonstationary. To address these complications, new self-normalized versions of the test statistics are introduced that deliver improved approximations that can be used for inference.
The ropelength conjecture of alternating knots
Authors: DIAO YUANAN
Published: November 2024

A long standing conjecture states that the ropelength of any alternating knot is at least proportional to its crossing number. In this paper we prove that this conjecture is true. That is, there exists a constant
$b_0 \gt 0$
such that
$R(K)\ge b_0Cr(K)$
for any alternating knot K, where R(K) is the ropelength of K and Cr(K) is the crossing number of K. In this paper, we prove that this conjecture is true and establish that
$b_0 \gt 1/56$
.
Destruction, delay and déjà vu: the restoration of Dublin’s O’Connell Street after the Irish civil war, 1922–1933
Authors: Ó Corráin Daithí , Rodgers Joe
Published: November 2024

During the opening phase of the Irish civil war, Dublin’s O’Connell Street was subjected to large-scale destruction of properties and businesses for the second time since the 1916 Rising. Utilizing newly available compensation claims as well as state and local government records, this article examines four aspects of the post-civil war restoration of O’Connell Street for the first time: the scale of the destruction; the compensation scheme devised by the Irish government which accorded O’Connell Street a unique status in the Damage to Property Compensation Act of 1923; the context of the town-planning regulations introduced, as well as the concerns of property owners, the local authority and central government; and the process of reconstruction – how compensation was paid, what properties were rebuilt, in what manner and when.
The Three-Verdict Problem
Authors: Whiteley Jack H.L.
Published: November 2024

In Scotland, for hundreds of years, juries have chosen between three criminal verdicts: “guilty,” “not guilty,” and “not proven.” The “not proven” verdict’s legal meaning remains mysterious. In this article, I aim to describe and solve the problem. Applying modern ideas about standards of proof to the intellectual history of “not proven” yields eight plausible meanings for the verdict. With the extent of the problem in mind, I offer a solution. In the three-verdict system, jurors should deliver a “guilty” verdict when they believe that the accused has committed the crime and a “not guilty” verdict when they believe that the accused has not committed the crime. The “not proven” verdict is for all other states of mind. Clarifying this question matters for determining whether the verdict’s existence is just. It also offers some evidence for how the criminal standard of proof works in other legal systems.
Active Deformation Across the Western Anatolian Extensional Province (Türkiye) From Sentinel‐1 InSAR
Authors: Diercks Manuel , Hussain Ekbal , Mildon Zoë K. , Boulton Sarah J. , Lazecký Milan
Published: November 2024

Quantifying interseismic deformation of fault networks which are predominantly deforming in a north‐south direction is challenging, because GNSS networks are usually not dense enough to resolve deformation at the level of individual faults. The alternative, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), provides high spatial resolution but is limited by a low sensitivity to N‐S motion. We study the active normal fault network of Western Türkiye, which is undergoing rapid N‐S extension, using InSAR. Since most faults in the study region are normal faults, we overcome the low N‐S sensitivity by focusing on the vertical deformation component, which presents its own challenges. Sediment‐filled grabens show rapid anthropogenically induced subsidence, whereas urban areas tend toward erroneous uplift signals. Additionally, the morphological relief results in topographic and atmospheric disturbances of the InSAR signal. Our solution to these challenges is a systematic analysis of the high‐resolution vertical velocity field to deduce insights into regional deformation patterns, combined with detailed investigations of deformation along individual faults in the Western Anatolian Extensional Province. We show that tectonic deformation in the large graben systems is not restricted to the main faults. Smaller and seemingly less active faults are accommodating strain, favoring a continuum model of deformation over block models. We also observe a potential correlation between recent seismicity and active interseismic surface deformation. Observed deformation rates provide an estimate of current activity for many faults in the region. We discuss the potential and limitations of InSAR time series analysis for extensional regimes.
Trends and Projections in Climate‐Related Stressors Impacting Arctic Marine Ecosystems—A CMIP6 Model Analysis
Authors: Steiner Nadja S. , Reader Cathy M.
Published: November 2024

Eleven Earth System Models (ESMs) contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) were evaluated with respect to climate‐related stressors impacting Arctic marine ecosystems (temperature, sea ice concentration, oxygen, ocean acidification). Stressors show regional differences and varying differences over time and space among models. Trends calculated over three consecutive 40‐year time periods are highest for 2061–2100 for temperature and O2. Differences between scenarios SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 vary among models and regions, mainly driven by sea‐ice retreat and dilution effects. Differences in biogeochemical parameterizations contribute to acidification differences. Projections indicate consistent ocean acidification until 2040 and faster progression for the high‐end emission scenario thereafter. For SSP5‐8.5 all Arctic regions show aragonite undersaturation by 2080, and calcite undersaturation for all but two regions by 2100 for all models. Most regions can avoid calcite undersaturation in a medium emission scenario (SSP2‐4.5). All variables show increases in seasonal amplitude, most prominently for temperature and oxygen. Calcium carbonate saturation state shows little change to the seasonal range but temporal shifts in extrema. Seasonal changes in may be underestimated due to lacking carbon cycle processes within sea ice in CMIP6 models. The analysis emphasizes regionally varying threats from multiple stressors on Arctic marine ecosystems and highlights the propagation of uncertainties from physical to biogeochemical variables. Large model differences in seasonal cycles emphasize the need for improved model constraints regarding the representation of sea‐ice decline, river inflow and Atlantic and Pacific water circulation to enhance the applicability of CMIP models in multi‐stressor impacts assessments.
A Multi‐Probe Automated Classification of Ice Crystal Habits During the IMPACTS Campaign
Authors: Schima Julian , McFarquhar Greg M. , Delene David , Heymsfield Andrew , Bansemer Aaron , Schnaiter Martin , Finlon Joseph A. , Järvinen Emma , Nehlert Franziska
Published: November 2024

Although all ice crystals are unique, many can be grouped together by shape or habit, with members of a habit class sharing similar representations of properties such as fall velocity and growth rate. A decision tree algorithm designed to be adaptable to any particle imaging probe, thus enabling the creation of habit size distributions over a size range larger than that of any probe on its own, is used to classify ice crystals imaged by three airborne cloud probes in mid‐latitude winter cyclones during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast‐Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. Crystals are sorted into seven habit classes based on their morphological properties: sphere, column/needle, plate, graupel, dendrite, aggregate, and irregular. Although adaptability was its primary goal, the algorithm was found to be moderately skillful for identifying idealized habit images. Quantitative tests of the algorithm's adaptability displayed mixed results, as Two‐Dimensional Stereo Probe (2DS) classifications showed moderate correlation with Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering Probe (PHIPS) classifications, but only weak correlation with High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS) classifications. The algorithm was applied to random sets of images from each probe in a case study of a mesoscale snow band sampled on 7 February 2020. In the case study, qualitative analysis of particle images revealed general agreement on classifications among the probes, supporting the algorithm's applicability to multiple cloud probes. Most classifications appeared correct upon manual inspection, suggesting that in practical use, the algorithm is reasonably able to classify non‐idealized images.
Electromagnetic Energy Propagation Through Rock of Low Loss Tangent
Authors: Austin B. A.
Published: November 2024

Radio equipment capable of communicating through hundreds of meters of quartzite rock was first designed and developed in South Africa over 50 years ago. The technology used was based on the analysis of the electromagnetic issues (as they were then understood) affecting propagation directly through such a lossy dielectric medium. That work has recently been considerably extended and is published here for the first time.
Reply to Comment on “Improving Bayesian Model Averaging for Ensemble Flood Modeling Using Multiple Markov Chains Monte Carlo Sampling” by Jasper Vrugt
Authors: Huang Tao , Merwade Venkatesh
Published: November 2024

This discussion is a reply to the comments made by Dr. Jasper Vrugt on the Metropolis‐Hastings (M‐H) algorithm with multiple independent Markov chains proposed by Huang and Merwade (2023a), https://doi.org/10.1029/2023wr034947 concerning the validity of the methodology in estimating Bayesian model averaging (BMA) parameters (weights and variances) of the framework proposed by Raftery et al. (2005), https://doi.org/10.1175/mwr2906.1. In this reply, we address his concerns by emphasizing the motivation of applying the proposed M‐H algorithm to BMA analysis and the applicability of the effective sample size that accounts for the autocorrelation across samples in evaluating the efficiency of Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. Moreover, the details of sampling procedure for BMA prediction distribution are clarified. On the other hand, we present a fair comparison of the default Expectation‐Maximization, M‐H, and differential evolution adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithms in estimating BMA parameters based on a numerical experiment. Results reinforce the findings obtained from Huang and Merwade (2023a) https://doi.org/10.1029/2023wr034947 and further indicate that the proposed M‐H algorithm is better than the DREAM algorithm in terms of sampling efficiency and prediction accuracy. Accordingly, we raise concerns on the use of DREAM algorithm in BMA analysis and suggest conducting peer reviews on the MODELAVG toolbox.
Molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor chip for lactate measurement
Authors: Wusiman Muersha , Taghipour Fariborz
Published: November 2024

Lactate measurements provide an opportunity to conveniently evaluate bodily functions and sports performance. A molecularly imprinted fluorescence biochip provides an innovative way to achieve lactate measurement and overcomes the limitations of enzyme-based sensors. To realize this goal, ZnO quantum dots (QDs), a biocompatible sensing material, were combined with selective receptors comprised of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The lactate-selective imprinted polymers were formed using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and 5-indolyl boronic acid monomers. Furthermore, a new solid-phase sensing platform that overcomes the limitations of liquid-based sensors was developed to detect lactate in real-time. The platform consists of the biosensor chip with a thin-film sensing layer, an ultraviolet (UV) excitation source, and a portable light detector. The final sensor has a sensitivity of 0.0217 mmol L-1 for 0–30 mmol L-1 of lactate in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. The high sensor sensitivity and selectivity demonstrates the applicability of the ZnO QDs and synthetic receptors for sweat analysis.
5.5 GHz film bulk acoustic wave filters using thin film transfer process for WLAN applications
Authors: Yang Tingting , Gao Chao , Wang Yaxin , Lin Binghui , Zheng Yupeng , Liu Yan , Lei Cheng , Sun Chengliang , Cai Yao
Published: November 2024

Wireless local area network (WLAN) has gained widespread application as a convenient network access method, demanding higher network efficiency, stability, and responsiveness. High-performance filters are crucial components to meet these needs. Film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) are ideal for constructing these filters due to their high-quality factor (Q) and low loss. In conventional air-gap type FBAR, aluminum nitride (AlN) is deposited on the sacrificial layer with poor crystallinity. Additionally, FBARs with single-crystal AlN have high internal stress and complicated fabrication process. These limit the development of FBARs to higher frequencies above 5 GHz. This paper presents the design and fabrication of FBARs and filters for WLAN applications, combining the high electromechanical coupling coefficient ($${K}_{{\rm{t}}}^{2}$$

K

t

2

) of Al0.8Sc0.2N film with the advantages of the thin film transfer process. An AlN seed layer and 280 nm-thick Al0.8Sc0.2N are deposited on a Si substrate via physical vapor deposition (PVD), achieving a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 2.1°. The ultra-thin film is then transferred to another Si substrate by wafer bonding, flipping, and Si removal. Integrating conventional manufacturing processes, an FBAR with a resonant frequency reaching 5.5 GHz is fabricated, demonstrating a large effective electromechanical coupling coefficient ($${{k}}_{{\rm{eff}}}^{2}$$

k

eff

2

) of 13.8% and an excellent figure of merit (FOM) of 85. A lattice-type filter based on these FBARs is then developed for the Wi-Fi UNII-2 band, featuring a center frequency of 5.5 GHz and a −3 dB bandwidth of 306 MHz, supporting high data rates and large throughputs in WLAN applications.
The function of the ZFP189 transcription factor in the nucleus accumbens facilitates cocaine-specific transcriptional and behavioral adaptations
Authors: Picone Joseph A. , Hassan Annalise , Kim R. Kijoon , Lira Diego Piñeiro , Silva Gabriella M. , Truby Natalie L. , Johnson Hadessah Y. , Teague Collin D. , Neve Rachael L. , Banks Matthew L. , Cui Xiaohong , Hamilton Peter J.
Published: November 2024

Distinguishing the brain mechanisms affected by distinct addictive drugs may inform targeted therapies against specific substance use disorders (SUDs). Here, we explore the function of a drug-associated, transcriptionally repressive transcription factor (TF), ZFP189, whose expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) facilitates cocaine-induced molecular and behavioral adaptations. To uncover the necessity of ZFP189-mediated transcriptional control in driving cocaine-induced behaviors, we created synthetic ZFP189 TFs of distinct transcriptional function, including ZFP189VPR, which activates the expression of target genes and exerts opposite transcriptional control to the endogenously repressive ZFP189. By virally delivering synthetic ZFP189 TFs to the NAc of mice, we discover that the transcriptional control exerted by synthetic or endogenous ZFP189 solely alters behavioral adaptations to cocaine but not morphine, saline, or sucrose. Further, these synthetic ZFP189 TFs are only capable of producing gene-expression changes in rodents exposed to cocaine, but not morphine or saline. In these cocaine exposed mice, the gene-expression profile produced by ZFP189VPR is inversely related to the cocaine-induced transcriptional response, as characterized by Upstream Regulator Analysis in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Lastly, we demonstrate that NAc ZFP189WT increases vulnerability to cocaine reinforcement through selective sensitization to the reinforcing effects of small cocaine doses. In contrast, ZFP189VPR treated mice do not experience changes in cocaine sensitivity and had lower rates of cocaine self-administration. Collectively, this research describes the brain mechanisms by which a TF specifically coordinates the molecular adaptations that produce increased cocaine addiction-like behaviors. The use of synthetic ZFP189VPR uncovers novel strategies for therapeutic interventions to potentially halt these cocaine-induced transcriptional processes.
Macrophages and nociceptor neurons form a sentinel unit around fenestrated capillaries to defend the synovium from circulating immune challenge
Authors: Hasegawa Tetsuo , Lee Colin Y. C. , Hotchen Andrew J. , Fleming Aaron , Singh Rahul , Suzuki Kunimichi , Yuzaki Michisuke , Watanabe Masahiko , Birch Mark A. , McCaskie Andrew W. , Lénárt Nikolett , Tóth Krisztina , Dénes Ádám , Liu Zhaoyuan , Ginhoux Florent , Richoz Nathan , Clatworthy Menna R.
Published: November 2024

A wide variety of systemic pathologies, including infectious and autoimmune diseases, are accompanied by joint pain or inflammation, often mediated by circulating immune complexes (ICs). How such stimuli access joints and trigger inflammation is unclear. Whole-mount synovial imaging revealed PV1+ fenestrated capillaries at the periphery of the synovium in the lining–sublining interface. Circulating ICs extravasated from these PV1+ capillaries, and nociceptor neurons and three distinct macrophage subsets formed a sentinel unit around them. Macrophages showed subset-specific responses to systemic IC challenge; LYVE1+CX3CR1+ macrophages orchestrated neutrophil recruitment and activated calcitonin gene-related peptide+ (CGRP+) nociceptor neurons via interleukin-1β. In contrast, major histocompatibility complex class II+CD11c+ (MHCII+CD11c+) and MHCII+CD11c– interstitial macrophages formed tight clusters around PV1+ capillaries in response to systemic immune stimuli, a feature enhanced by nociceptor-derived CGRP. Altogether, we identify the anatomical location of synovial PV1+ capillaries and subset-specific macrophage–nociceptor cross-talk that forms a blood–joint barrier protecting the synovium from circulating immune challenges.
Eco-friendly fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles using peel extract of Citrus aurantium for the efficient degradation of methylene blue dye
Authors: Khedr Alaa I. , Ali Mohamed H. H.
Published: November 2024

This study presents a simple, sustainable, eco-friendly approach for synthesizing copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using Citrus aurantium peel extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized CuO and CuO-OP were characterized using various techniques, including surface area measurement (SBET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). DRS analysis determines band gap energy (Eg) of 1.7 eV for CuO and 1.6 eV for CuO-OP. FTIR confirmed the presence of Cu–O bond groups. The XRD and HRTEM results revealed monoclinic and spherical nanostructures, with average particle sizes ranging from 53.25 to 68.02 nm, as determined via Scherer’s equation. EDX analysis indicated incorporation of carbon (1.6%) and nitrogen (0.3%) from the peel extract. The synthesized CuO and CuO-OP NPs exhibited excellent photocatalytic efficiencies for methylene blue dye under UV irradiation, reaching 95.34 and 97.5%, respectively, under optimal conditions; the initial dye concentration was 100 mg/L, the pH was 10, the catalyst dosage was 1 g/L, and the contact time was 120 min. Isothermal studies showed that the adsorption of MB onto the nanoparticles followed the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.97 and 0.96). Kinetic studies indicated that the degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with rate constants (K1) of 0.0255 min−1 for CuO and 0.033 min−1 for CuO-OP. The sorption capacities were calculated as 98.19 mg/g for CuO and 123.1 mg/g for CuO-OP. The energy values obtained from the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm were 707.11 and 912.87 KJ mol−1, suggesting that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism.
Preliminary investigations of plasma lipidome and selenium levels in adults with treated hypothyroidism and in healthy individuals without selenium deficiency
Authors: Błażewicz Anna , Wojnicka Julia , Grabrucker Andreas M. , Sosnowski Piotr , Trzpil Alicja , Kozub-Pędrak Anna , Szałaj Klaudia , Szmagara Agnieszka , Grywalska Ewelina , Skórzyńska-Dziduszko Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

The present preliminary study aimed to provide a targeted lipidomic analysis of Hashimoto (HT) and non-HT patients with well-controlled hypothyroidism as well as in healthy adults, and is the first to demonstrate the association of several components of the human lipidome with hypothyroidism in relation to the total plasma selenium content. All the patients and age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy controls met the very strict qualification criteria. Se levels were analyzed by ICP-MS, and lipidome studies were conducted using TQ-LC/MS. The 40 acylcarnitines, 90 glycerophospholipids, and 15 sphingomyelins were identified and quantified. PCaaC26:0 and PCaaC40:1 were negatively correlated with Se concentrations. Other lipids that were negatively correlated with Se concentrations but did not present significant differences between the three groups in the Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA test were PCaaC32:0, PCaeC30:0, PCaeC36:5, SMC18:0, and SM C18:1. In the multiple linear regression analyses, Se levels showed negative relationship, whereas different phosphatidylcholines: PCaaC24:0, PCaaC26:0, PCaeC30:1, PCaeC34:0, PCaeC36:4, PCaeC42:0 were positively associated with the presence of (H). Different lipidome components were identified in healthy and hypothyroid patients regardless of the cause of that condition. Studies on larger populations are needed to determine cause-and-effect relations and the potential mechanisms underlying these associations.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Kikuchi Akihiro , Abe Hitoshi
Published: November 2024

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) can be used to analyze electronic structures and local structures around the metal ion in metal complexes. XAS is usually divided into two regions: X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). XANES mainly reflects the electronic structures, and EXAFS contains the local structural information. This chapter will introduce the fundamentals of XAS, along with some examples of XANES and EXAFS.
Surface Analyses Using AFM and STM
Authors: Yoshimoto Soichiro
Published: November 2024

In this chapter, the basic principles of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), are explained. Some important points for electrochemical STM measurements, such as the preparation of molecular adlayers, probes, measurement cells, and scanner calibration, are described in detail, with examples of electrochemical STM measurements at the electrochemical interface.
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Kurata Hiroki
Published: November 2024

This chapter describes the basics of transmission electron microscopy. After a brief description of the instrumentation, the fundamental physics of fast electron-matter interactions is presented to explain the principles of electron diffraction and imaging. For high-resolution image observations, crystal structure imaging by phase contrast of a transmission electron microscope and high-angle annular dark-field imaging, which is incoherent imaging by a scanning transmission electron microscope, are introduced.
Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yamaguchi Kentaro
Published: November 2024

Applications of mass spectrometry to analyses of complexes are described. First, the ionization method is discussed as the basis of mass spectrometry. Then, the procedures of ion and mass spectral analysis are briefly explained. Next, mass spectrometers currently used for metal complexes are reviewed, and the measurement methods are discussed. Finally, examples of actual mass spectrometry targeting complex molecules are presented. Examples of rare earth complexes, capsule-type formulations, and supramolecular polymers are shown.
Development and validation of a one-step SMN assay for genetic testing in spinal muscular atrophy via MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Xing Xiaodong , Ji Xing , Liu Xinzhu , Jin Xiaohui , He Zhenglei , Xu Ajing , Jiang Wengao , Ji Wenbo , Liu Yan , Zhang Jian , Huang Xiaohui
Published: November 2024

A MALDI-TOF MS-based method for gene testing in spinal muscular atrophy enables precise quantification of SMN copies, while also being capable of simultaneously detecting pathogenic and polymorphic variants.
A highly sensitive facile plasmonic scheme for assessment of melamine in raw milk
Authors: Das Upama , Gayan Abhilash , Biswas Rajib
Published: November 2024

LDR and ALS based microcontroller devices were fabricated to quantify colorimetric changes in AgNPs and AuNPs with melamine-adulterated milk with LOD values of 1.24 ppm (LDR/AgNPs), 1.68 ppm (LDR/AuNPs), and 0.64 ppm (ALS/AgNPs).
On the physical processes of mechanochemically induced transformations in molecular solids
Authors: Michalchuk Adam A. L.
Published: November 2024

Initiating or sustaining physical and chemical transformations with mechanical force – mechanochemistry – provides an opportunity for more sustainable chemical processes, and access to new chemical reactivity.
Soft optical materials based on the integration of perovskite nanostructures and block copolymers
Authors: Shen Naifu , Bu Jinyu , Liu Xun , Xu Weinan
Published: November 2024

This Highlight article provides an overview and critical summary of recent progress in the creation of perovskite-block copolymer hybrid structures, with a focus on the different roles of copolymers and their interfacial structures with perovskites.
Nanosensor quantitative monitoring of ROS/RNS homeostasis in single phagolysosomes of macrophages during bactericidal processes
Authors: Guo Bing-Yi , Qi Yu-Ting , Wu Hui-Qian , Zha Ru-Yan , Wang Li-Jun , Zhang Xin-Wei , Huang Wei-Hua
Published: November 2024

In situ, quantitative, selective, and sub-millisecond dynamic detection of the four primary ROS/RNS (ONOO−, H2O2, NO, and NO2−) in individual phagolysosomes during sterilization of RAW 264.7 macrophages was achieved by SiC@Pt nanowire electrodes.
Defluorinative thio-functionalization: direct synthesis of methyl-dithioesters from trifluoromethylarenes
Authors: Söderström Marcus , Olaniran Håkansson Esther , Odell Luke R.
Published: November 2024

A novel strategy for the direct defluorinative functionalization of trifluoromethylarenes into methyl dithioesters is presented.
Tailored anharmonic potential energy surfaces for infrared signatures
Authors: Hellmers Janine , Czember Pascal , König Carolin
Published: November 2024

Accurate calculated infrared signatures support experimental interpretation. A tailored computational protocol is presented enabling the efficient calculation of anharmonic infrared signatures, as demonstrated for CO and OH stretching vibrations.
Two anti-acidification pathways for the dissolution process of aragonite in acidified artificial seawater with different additives: bonded with bicarbonate or hydrogen ions
Authors: Li Gang , Su Yiping , Cai Yingying , Xie Feng , Yan Feng , Quan Zewei , Zhang Zuotai
Published: November 2024

The dissolution of aragonite in acidified seawater was studied with additives. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) binds with bicarbonate, and silicate with hydrogen ions, forming stable polymer-rich amorphous calcium carbonate and silica layers that inhibit further dissolution.
Mechanisms of interlayer friction in low-dimensional homogeneous thin-wall shell structures and its strain effect
Authors: Cai Yi , Huang Jianzhang , Gan Shuang , Liang Yingjing , Wang Kejing , Han Qiang
Published: November 2024

Molecular dynamics study on DWCNTs uncovers friction and strain variations due to mismatch angle, distance, and radius. This insight aids in understanding interlayer mechanics and advancing nanodevice control.
Toxic, radioactive, and disordered: a total scattering study of TlTcO4
Authors: Mullens Bryce G. , Marlton Frederick P. , Saura-Múzquiz Matilde , Everett Michelle , Li Cheng , Manjon-Sanz Alicia M. , Tucker Matthew G. , Poineau Frederic , Louis-Jean James , Mukherjee Supratik , Mondal Subrata , Vaitheeswaran Ganapathy , Kennedy Brendan J.
Published: November 2024

Neutron total scattering reveals that the phase transition in TlTcO4 is driven by disordering of the Tl+ 6s2 lone pairs.
Amyloid inspired single amino acid (phenylalanine)-based supramolecular functional assemblies: from disease to device applications
Authors: Vishwakarma Subrat , Tiwari Om Shanker , Shukla Ruchi , Gazit Ehud , Makam Pandeeswar
Published: November 2024

This review highlights recent advances in phenylalanine supramolecular assemblies, emphasizing their applications in pathology and device technology and underscoring their significance for future innovations.
Solubility of metal–boron–hydrogen compounds
Authors: Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao , Humphries Terry D. , Hagemann Hans , Buckley Craig E. , Jensen Torben R. , Paskevicius Mark
Published: November 2024

Reviewing solubility data of metal–boron–hydrogen compounds in various solvents to aid the synthesis and discovery of novel materials including batteries, hydrogen storage, and superconductors.
Selective lithium halide ion-pair sensing by a dynamic metalloporphyrin [2]rotaxane
Authors: Wilmore Jamie T. , Docker Andrew , Beer Paul D.
Published: November 2024

A Zn(ii) metalloporphyrin-containing [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle is reported. A significant inter-component interaction inhibits anion sensing in the absence of the ion-pair. Li+/X− binding induces macrocycle shuttling, enabling anion sensing.
Associations of coke oven emission exposure with pulmonary function, blood pressure, blood cell parameters, and biochemical indices in coking workers: a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Sun Min , Li Xin , Geng Mengmeng , Zhou Xiaoling , Zhang Zhiyan , Nie Huixiang , Xia Na , Huang Guoshun , Wang Xuhong , Zhang Hongmei
Published: November 2024

The study clearly showed that PAH exposure could damage hematological parameters and blood lipids, and benzene exposure could increase blood pressure, and decrease PLT count.