bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allele frequencies of 15 Autosomal STR loci in Some of Iraqi population
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Mohammed Mahdi , Ibrahem Hala Khalid , Ameen Rasha Sadeq , Ameen Ban
Published: October 2022

This study was aimed to establish a database of autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (aSTR) DNA allele frequencies for an Iraqi population living in Baghdad city as a reference, therefore, a total of 456 unrelated individuals were analyzed at 15 STR DNA markers (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D19S433, D2S1338, D16S539) included in the Kit from Applied Biosystems. The obtained results revealed that the Combined Matching Probability (CMP) was estimated at 1 in 3.3287 × 10-18, and the Combined Discrimination Power (CDP) was greater than 0.98600987, which is comparable to values obtained with the many other allele frequency databases used in forensic investigations. It can be concluded that for identification purposes, it can be considered the multi-locus STR panels as a useful forensic tool.
Negative Streamer Propagation in Nitrogen
Authors: Kadhim Ghada S. , Khalaf Thamir H.
Published: October 2022

For the development of negative streamer, a one dimension simulation is presented when a negative electric field is applied at atmospheric pressure to a 4 mm gap in nitrogen. At applied electric fields of 55, 60, 65 and 70 kV/cm, streamer parameters were studied at various time intervals. The aim of this paper is to determine the minimum electric field that must be applied for stable propagation of negative streamer discharge in nitrogen gas. As functions of position and time, the calculations provide detailed electron and ion density predictions, electric fields and density of space charges. The time interval was with a nanosecond resolution. Using 8000 element mesh to resolve the characteristics of the streamer, spatial resolution over the separation of electrodes 4 mm was obtained. The results were obtained by solving the equation of continuity for electrons and ions and the Poisson equation solution.
Influence of Dielectric Media on the Plasma Characteristics in DBD Discharge
Authors: Khaleel Sarah Faris , Abbas Qusay A.
Published: October 2022

The study of the surface plasma characteristics under atmospheric pressure is a new branch and tool in physics. Building generation dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system at atmospheric pressure and studying its thermal characterizations. The discharge was produced by applying a high voltage of 20 kV with a frequency of 8 kHz. The thermal characterization was done by measuring discharge temperature for different horizontal surface areas and different types of insulating material. The results indicated that the effect of the area and the type of insulator affect the discharge (increasing or decreasing) according to the operation conditions because they affect, as expected, the DBD . The plasma temperature increased with the decrease of the surface area, which resulted in the increase of the discharge voltage across the gap; accordingly, the discharge across the gap grew.
A Reconnaissance Study of Rare Earth Elements Systematic in Phosphate Coprolites: Comparison between Continental Shelf and Intracontinental Basin Deposits
Authors: Al-Bassam Khaldoun S.
Published: October 2022

The behavior of rare earth elements (REE) in phosphate coprolites; deposited in marine upwelling shelf system (Iraq) and a condensed section of the intracontinental basin (Czech Republic) is compared and discussed in the present study. The eight coprolite samples show that the REE incorporated in the apatite of these phosphatized faecal trace fossils have significantly different behavior in the two sedimentary regimes and hold the REE source’s signature in the local sedimentary conditions. The behavior of heavy REE, light REE, Ce-anomaly and shale-normalized ratios of Ce/La, Sm/Yb and Pr/Ce can be mainly attributed to REE fractionation at the source. In contrast, middle REE enrichment may be attributed to local fractionation below the sediment-water interface. Nd/La and REE/P2O5 ratios indicate local sedimentation rate and residence time in contact with seawater. Elevated La/Yb ratios indicate shallowing and submarine reworking events. Most of the REE patterns in the studied coprolites were acquired in the early stages of diagenetic phosphatization and crystallization of the apatite, and minor modifications took place later. The REE behavior in phosphate coprolites proved useful indicators of marine sedimentary environments in the present reconnaissance study and encourage further work on phosphate coprolite samples from other world deposits.
Potential Role of TLR3 and RIG-I Genes Expression in Surviving COVID-19 Patients with Different Severity of Infection
Authors: Al-Bayati Alaa M. H. , Alwan Ali Hussein , Fadhil Hula Y.
Published: October 2022

Immunological genes, including TLR3 and RIG-I, have recently been established to have linked to predisposition to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its severity. The purpose of this case-control study (100 recovered COVID 19 cases and 100 healthy individuals) was to determine the role of gender, age, TLR3 and RIG-I genes in COVID-19 aggressiveness. TLR3 and RIG-I gene expression was detected using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). COVID-19 infection intensity increased with age and no statistical difference between males and females (p>0.05) was found. TLR3 and RIG-I gene expression levels were higher in patients compared to healthy which is positively connected to infection severity development. The aforementioned genes have a favorable relationship in screening COVID-19 infection.  According to receiver operating characteristic curve these genes have high sensitivity in assessing COVID-19 infection. This study found that age, TLR3 and RIG-I genes may play a role in COVID-19 predisposition worsening.
A Performance Study of the Prototype Fixed, Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Solar Cell Tracking Systems
Authors: Al-Hilli Baha'a A.M. , Muhammed Hussein A.
Published: October 2022

In order to increase the amount of solar radiation reaching a solar panel, and hence increase its performance, a tracking system might be used. A prototype of an efficient and portable solar tracking system, for home applications was constructed. The Arduino Uno Microcontroller is utilized to drive the proposed tacking system. The results of area under curve show that at certain circumstances, the open-loop tracking system is more efficient as compared with fixed one, while  the closed-loop tracker is slightly efficient than open-loop tracker.
Influence of Fe2O3 Dust Particles on the Plasma Characteristics of D.C Sputtering System
Authors: Abdulghani Shahad Emaduldeen , Abbas Qusay A.
Published: October 2022

This work is an experimental study conducted to study the effects of iron oxide dust particles (Fe2O3) on the characteristics of DC discharge plasma in argon gas under vacuum. Electron temperature ( ) and electron density (ne) were calculated by Boltzmann plots and Stark broadening, respectively. The results show that both the electron density and plasma frequency ( ) increased with the operating pressure. While,  and Debye length ( ) decreased with pressure. The glow discharge is more stable with the Fe2O3-dust particles; all dust plasma parameters have lower values  than those of the dust-free plasma.
Reinterpretation of the two-dimensional seismic reflection of the Afaq structure region, central Iraq
Authors: Hamza Noor A. , Al-Rahim Ali M.
Published: October 2022

This study deals with interpretation of stratigraphic and structural of Afaq structure area central Iraq in Qadisiyah province, about 25 km north of Diwaniyah, by using 2D seismic data. Synthetic traces are prepared by using available data of the well (WK-1)using a petrol software program to define and picking the reflectors on the seismic section. Structure interpretation includes picking a top of Zubair Formation (Late Cretaceous), while stratigraphic interpretation includes two reflectors Yamama and Gotnia Formation (Upper-Late Jurassic). Structure interpretation of Zubair Formation shows that the area a several minors and a short extend of faults, the fault system extends (NE-SW) direction. The structural interpretation of time and depth maps of Zubair Formation shows that the Afaq structure is monocline have NE-SW direction and its plunging to the east. Several stratigraphic phenomena are present in the study area, which can help us in understanding the old sedimentary environment. It could have significant hydrocarbon potentials, including Buildup, and stratigraphic trap. Buildup indicators the study area is located in shallow areas that the light reaches to make these organisms gather to build colonies and these carbonate buildups represent important oil and gas sources in many sedimentary basins. Reef stratigraphic trap is discovered by use the Instantaneous phase attribute that shows a difference in the Acoustic impedance and the nature of the reflection, as well as the closing of the peak reflector inside a trough, all point to the presence of a trap in the seismic section.
Study of Limestones from the Nfayil Formation in Bahr Al-Najaf Depression and Suitability for Thermal conductivity
Authors: Ahmed Hussien Ghni , Issa Murtadha Jabbar , Ali Jaffar Hussain
Published: October 2022

The evaluation of the Nfayil limestones in Bahr Al-Najaf Depression as construction materials was done on 15 sites distributed over a region. The study included field and laboratory aspects. The field side included collecting information about the study area and samples. As for the laboratory side, laboratory tests were conducted to study the thermal conductivity of samples by a device called Lee’s disc in the Tikri University. The thermal conductivity results ranged between 2.34 and 0.27. The rocks are of high thermal insulation at low temperatures and low insulation at high temperatures according to the specifications of the suitability of limestone for thermal conductivity standards (ASTM C 1057-03-2010).
Paleoceanographic Conditions of Neo-Tethys Deposits in Northeast Iraq (Shiranish Formation) by Geochemical Proxies
Authors: Al-Obaidi Mutadhid , Abbas Ibrahim Mustafa , Ahmed Muaiad Tahir , Hussain Salah Ali
Published: October 2022

Geochemical proxies provide detailed information on depositional environment and diagenetic processes. The main objectives of the present study are the evaluation of the paleoenvironment and diagenetic conditions of selected three sections of the Shiranish Formation (Late Campanian-Maastrichtian) in Dokan-Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, northeast of Iraq. The major and some trace elements were analysed by X-Ray Fluoresces. These geochemical results showed a positive correlation of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO and TiO2 between each other due to the influence of detrital influx from the active oceanic margins and thrust belts of the northeast Arabian Plate. The terrigenous supply of silicates (K-feldspar) and clay minerals (Illite) caused a positive correlation between K2O values and Al2O3. In general, there is a low abundance of SiO2 and Al2O3 contents, referring to the deepening of the Neo-Tythus ocean basin in the formation's lower part. The Mn* factor of the lower and middle part of the formation exhibited anoxic conditions while oxic- suboxic conditions at the upper part. The Mn/Sr ratios were less than one, which means that Shiranish marly limestone was well preserved out of diagenetic processes. The paleoredox proxies {Th/U, V/Cr &V/(V+Ni)} confirmed that the lower part of the Formation was deposited in a relatively anoxic deep-outer shelf environment with a rising in paleoproductivity. In contrast, the upper part was characterised by dyoxic-oxic redox. Due to the inner shelf environment, this redox fluctuation reflects a regression phase of sea level, which is compatible with the closure events of the Neo-Tethys in the Eocene epoch.
Implementation of Seismic Inversion to Determine Porosity Distribution of Maysan in Amara Oil Field, Southern Iraq
Authors: Jaheed Ali K. , Karim Hussein H.
Published: October 2022

The current research deals with studying the petrophysical properties represented by the porosity and its distribution on the level of all units of the top and bottom of the Kirkuk Formation Group. The study area is located in Maysan province in the south-eastern part of Iraq in the Amara field. The Kirkuk Group was deposited in the Tertiary Age. The post-stack method using seismic inversion and creating a relationship between seismic data was accomplished using Hampson-Russel software at well Am-1 and Seismic lines Ama 20 and 30. The research results indicate high porosity values on top of the formation with a decrease in acoustic impedance (Z) and, therefore, a reduction in the density. At the same time, low porosity values were indicated for the bottom of the formation with an increase in both acoustic impedance and density. The top of the formation contains clastic sediments with oil-sand of high porosity, which is considered hydrocarbon indication and low porosity carbonate materials at the bottom of the formation.
nC-symmetric operators
Authors: Dakheel Shireen O. , Ahmed Buthainah A.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present a concept of nC- symmetric operator as  follows: Let A be a bounded linear operator on separable complex Hilbert space , the operator A is said to be nC-symmetric if there exists a positive number n (n  such that CAn = A*ⁿ C (An = C A*ⁿ C). We provide an example and study the basic properties of this class of operators. Finally, we attempt to describe the relation between nC-symmetric operator and some other operators such as Fredholm and self-adjoint operators.
On Еc-Continuous and δ-ßc-Continuous Mappings in Topological Spaces Via Еc-open and δ-ßc-open sets
Authors: Abdulwahid Sarah. H. , AL. Jumaili Alaa.  M.  F.
Published: October 2022

In the present paper, new concepts of generalized continuous mappings, namely Еc and δ-ßc-continuous mappings have been introduced and studied by using a new generalized of open sets Еc and δ-ßc-open sets ,respectively. Several characterizations and fundamental properties of these forms of generalized continuous mappings are obtained. Moreover, the graphs of Еc-continuous and δ-ßc-continuous mappings have been investigated. In addition, the relationships among Еc-continuous and δ-ßc-continuous mappings and other well-known forms of generalized continuous mappings in topological spaces are also discussed.
Deep Learning and Machine Learning via a Genetic Algorithm to Classify Breast Cancer DNA Data
Authors: Hussein Noor Alhuda Khalid , Al-Sarray Basad
Published: October 2022

This paper uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) based algorithm analysis to classify breast cancer Deoxyribonucleic (DNA). Main idea is to focus on application of machine and deep learning techniques. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm is used to diagnose gene expression to reduce the number of misclassified cancers. After patients' genetic data are entered, processing operations that require filling the missing values using different techniques are used. The best data for the classification process are chosen by combining each technique using the genetic algorithm and comparing them  in terms of accuracy.
Effect of Orphenadrine citrate drug on Corrosion of Stainless Steel (316L) in an Acidic Environment (Hydrochloric Acid)
Authors: Jassim Rasha A. , Kadhim Nafeesa J. , Mohammed Halah J. , Farhan Ahlam M.
Published: October 2022

The use of varied quantities of orphenadrine to protect stainless steel against corrosion in an acidic media at 298 K has been investigated. It was observed that when the drug's concentration is increased, the drug's speed of corrosion lowers. The data of inhibition efficiency (percent IE) in the presence of orphenadrine drug and corrosion resistance showed that the highest protection efficiency was achieved with the best concentration, and that the corrosion rate decreased with increasing orphenadrine drug concentrations, making it a good inhibitor for stainless steel in an acidic environment. The theoretical investigation proved the efficiency of the drug for inhibition, as the drug is absorbed on the surface of the stainless steel by the active groups in the drug, using the hyperchem-8.07 software to compute the molecular orbital energies.
Spatial Analysis of Relative Humidity and Its Effect on Baghdad City for The Years 2008, 2013 and 2018
Authors: Al-Ramahi Fouad K. Mashee , Hasan Mazin H. , Zaeen Ahmed Asaad
Published: October 2022

Urbanization phenomenon did expand rapidly in Baghdad-Iraq due to security improvement and the human desire for daily services availability, where reducing the agricultural lands "Greenlands" negatively affected the climate rate. The relationship between urban expansion and relative humidity was studied from 2008 to 2018 using remote sensing data (satellite images of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8) and relative humidity rate data obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Data were processed and analyzed using ArcGIS v: 10.2. Results showed changes in human activities (land use (LU)) and urban areas, where increasing urbanization declines vegetation and turbulence climate. The study provides a significant correlation between increasing urbanization and relative humidity rate. Thus, the unintended use of the land may affect the local climate.
The Role of Hormones and Toxoplasma gondii Infection to Change the Secondary Sex Ratio
Authors: Al-Ardi Musafer H.
Published: October 2022

The secondary sex ratio (SSR) is affected by many factors, including the concentration of hormones and infection with some pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hormone variability concentrations and toxoplasmosis infection on the secondary sex ratio. 150 pregnant women were selected, 60 infected with late toxoplasmosis (LT), 60 infected with early toxoplasmosis (ET) and 30 seronegative to toxoplasmosis. After tracking the birth outcomes of these women, we calculated SSR in each group. During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, TSH, T4 and T3 concentrations were measured. The results of the three groups were compared. The results showed that female births outpaced in LT group, with SSR equal to (0.9:1.45), while the number of male births was higher in ET group and seronegative groups, with SSR was (1.5:1; 1.3:1), respectively. The difference in hormones concentration was significant at P ≥ 0.05. In LT group, progesterone and estrogen increased significantly in male pregnant women than in female pregnant women. Testosterone increased significantly in male pregnant women in all study groups. TSH level was the highest among female pregnant women in the LT and seronegative groups. The superiority of male pregnant women in the concentration of T3 hormone in all groups was significant. Male pregnant women were significantly superior with T4 concentration in LT and seronegative groups.
In conclusion, T. gondii has an indirect role in SSR. Important pregnancy hormones levels differ between male pregnant women and female pregnant women.
In conclusion, T. gondii has an indirect role in SSR. Important pregnancy hormones levels differ between male pregnant women o and female pregnant women.
Estimation of Uranium Concentration in Urine Samples of Three Age Groups of Healthy Individuals in Najaf Governorate Using CR-39 and LR-115 Solid State Detectors
Authors: Abbas Samia K. , Hussain Hayder S. , Saleh Dhuha S.
Published: October 2022

Uranium concentration was estimated in urine samples of three age groups, G1≤ 30 years, n=28, G2 age range of 31-40 years, n=28, and G3 of age > 40 years, n=32, using two types of detectors CR-39 and LR-115 solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) for results comparison.
     Results showed that uranium mean level values for CR-39 were 1.961 ±0.08 µg/L, 1.810 ±0.09 µg/L and 1.814 ±0.076 µg/L for G1, G2 and G3 respectively, while the mean values of uranium concentration using LR-115 were 0.972 ±0.07 µg/L, 0.922 ±0.07 µg/L and 1.018 ±0.08 µg/L in G1, G2 and G3 respectively, with significant statistical difference between the results of CR-39 and LR-115 for each age group.
     Mean level values for females was 2.023± 0.09 µg/L and 1.813± 0.05 µg/L for males using CR-39 and it was 1.105± 0.09 µg/L for females and 0.933± 0.04 µg/L for males using LR-115, with significant statistical difference between results for each gender.
It was concluded that  G1 ≤ 30 years have the highest uranium pollution, noting that females were more polluted with uranium than males.
Performance Analysis Of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blades Using Double Multiple Stream Tube Process
Authors: Badah Muneer.R. , Mahmood Yaseen.H.
Published: October 2022

The interest in green energy in recent years is very noticeable, as this energy is a very important alternative that can replace fuel in many applications, most notably electric power generation, so work must be done to develop a form of this energy such as wind energy by working on the development of turbines. The DMST method provided by Qblade software is an integrated tool for making a simulation of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). The simulation was carried out on vertical axis wind turbines, designing turbine blades according to symmetrical NACA0018, and calculating some parameters such as power, torque and power coefficient. It is found that this type of turbine can be improved by treating the blade edges that contribute to the turbine power loss, thus improving the turbine at low wind speeds.
Copper Phthalocyanine MWCNTs Composites: Characterization and Evaluation for Sensor and Solar Cells interlayer
Authors: Kadem Burak Yahya , Husein Rand Kareem , Abbas Zahraa Yassar
Published: October 2022

Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film with and without multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is prepared using the solution based method and used in gas sensor and solar cell applications. The structural characteristics of the CuPc thin films showed a single peak around 7o with the preferred orientation for charge transportation. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), morphological properties show a rough surface with some aggregates and ribbons. The optical absorption properties were determined using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy; the optical band gap has varied after adding MWCNTs to CuPc. Electrical conductivity of CuPc:MWCNTs composite is higher than that of the pure CuPc. The CuPc thin film sensr have shown good response properties to ammonia gas. The solar cell performance of the P3HT:PCBM based solar cell was enhanced.
Evaluation of Parameters Affecting Lifting Capacity in Directional Wells for Garraf Oil Field
Authors: Kattami Nawar Qasim , Hadi Hassan Abdul
Published: October 2022

The cutting transport problem in the drilling operation is very complex because many parameters impact the process, which is nonlinearity interconnected. It is an important factor affecting time, cost and quality of the deviated and horizontal well. The main objective is to evaluate the influence of main drilling Parameters, rheological properties and cuttings that characterise lifting capacity through calculating the minimum flow rate required and cutting bed height and investigate these factors and how they influenced stuck pipe problems in deviated wells for Garraf oil field. The results obtained from simulations using Well Plan™ Software were showed that increasing viscosity depends on other conditions for an increase or decrease fluid flow rate required, increasing cutting density, cutting size, and ROP requires an increased fluid flow rate and when increasing RPM, increasing mud weight reduces the fluid flow rate required hence better hole cleaning. The major findings from the analysis parameter that wellbore inclination, mud density and pipe rotation affect the minimum flow rate needed for good hole cleaning. The drilling section of a well with fluid rates below the minimum flow rate required is considered the major cause of mechanical stuck pipes. In sliding drilling mode, the flow must be increased above the critical flow rate to reduce the likelihood of mechanical stuck pipe. Also, cuttings properties, fluid rheology, and rate of penetration have some influence on cuttings transport.
The Influence of Diagenesis Processes on the Reservoir Properties of Hartha Formation in Selected oil Fields, Northern Iraq
Authors: Nooralddin Amel K. , Al-hadidy Aboosh H. , Nasser Medhat E.
Published: October 2022

The Hartha Formation reservoir was evaluated to be produced in the near future in Y oil and J fields, West of the Tigris River in northern Iraq. Due to geological data analysis of the Hartha facies and diagenesis could enhance oil production with minimized risks, this research tried to deal with data to support the oil production. The Hartha reservoir is subdivided into five-rock units, Har-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. It is of Heterogenic facies limestone, dolomite, dolomitic limestone and argillaceous dolomite. The Hartha Formation is a clean carbonate; it has an effective porosity. It consists of lime mudstone-packstone skeletal grain. This conclusion is based on the lithology, core microfacies, cutting, thin section and log interpretation variability.
  The study aims to characterize the depositional and diagenetic properties of the Hartha carbonate and their effects on the reservoir quality. This research indicated that the depositional setting is a gentle slope ramp including outer, mid and inner ramps. The dissolution and dolomitization in near-surface and marine environments formed secondary porosity types as a vuggy, cavern, and melodic. The fracture is a good reservoir in the upper part of the Hartha reservoir. The lower section is affected by other diagenetic processes  causing a destructive effect on porosity such as compaction, Neomorphism  and cementation. The measured and calculated porosity with an integration of the measured permeability in the Hartha Reservoir gave a good reservoir quality to the formation. These data are coming from the analysis of the primary and secondary porosity. The petrophysical cut-off provided an excellent result for the rock properties as the net to gross ratio of the most units of the Hartha Reservoir.
Quasi-Hadamard products of New Subclass of Analytic Functions of β-Uniformly Univalent Function Defined by Salagean q-Differential Operator
Authors: Aljuboori O. M. , Jassim Kassim A.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we show many conclusions on the Quasi-Hadamard products of new Subclass of analytic functions of β-Uniformly univalent function  defined by Salagean q-differential operator.
Solving Nonlinear Boundary Value Problem Arising of Natural Convection Porous Fin By Using the Haar Wavelet Collocation Method and Temimi and Ansari Method
Authors: Abd Sinan H. , Mohammed Areej Salah
Published: October 2022

In this article, the boundary value problem of convection propagation through the permeable fin in a natural convection environment is solved by the Haar wavelet collocation method (HWCM). We also compare the solutions with the application of a semi-analytical method , namely the Temimi and Ansari (TAM), that is characterized by accuracy and efficiency.The proposed method is also characterized by simplicity and efficiency. The possibility of applying the proposed method to many types of  linear or nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations.
Data Mining Methods for Extracting Rumors Using Social Analysis Tools
Authors: Zayno Manahil , Radhi Abdulkareem Merhej
Published: October 2022

Rumors are typically described as remarks whose true value is unknown. A rumor on social media has the potential to spread erroneous information to a large group of individuals. Those false facts will influence decision-making in a variety of societies. In online social media, where enormous amounts of information are simply distributed over a large network of sources with unverified authority, detecting rumors is critical. This research proposes that rumor detection be done using Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools as well as six distinct Machine Learning (ML) methods (Nave Bayes (NB), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and Decision Tree (DT)). The data set size for the suggested experiment was 16,865 samples. For pre-processing tokenization was used to separates each one of the tokens from the others. Normalization that removes all non-word tokens, deleting stop words was utilized to remove all unnecessary words, and stemming was used to obtain the stem of the tokens. Prior to using the six classification algorithms, the major feature extraction approach Term Frequency- Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) was applied. The RF classifier performed better compared to all other classifiers with an accuracy of 99%, according to the data.
Keywords: Machine learning, Text classification, Naïve Byes, RF, KNN, DT, Natural language processing, SGD).
Isolation and Identification of Novel Streptococcus pluranimalium Isolated from Children with Upper Respiratory Infections in Mosul Hospitals, Iraq
Authors: Mahmood Sura , Kahya Hasan Faisal Hussein
Published: October 2022

Streptococcus pluranimalium was first isolated in 1999. Recently, several case reports have been published that have revealed that S. pluranimalium can infect humans as well. The pathogenicity and pathophysiology of this pathogen is poorly studied and its characteristics are not well known. In this study, S. pluranimalium was first isolated and then identified from infants and children who suffered from upper respiratory infections. 90 samples were collected from nasopharyngeal cavity. Among them, 83 Streptococcus spp. isolates were identified. 3 out of which were biochemically and molecularly identified as S. pluranimalium. 16S rRNA sequencing based identification revealed that all isolates showed a very close identity match (92%) with subjected S. pluranimalium when blasted with gene bank database. Furthermore, the antibiotic susceptibility of S. pluranimalium towards ten antibiotics was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. The results revealed that S. pluranimalium was 100% susceptible to penicillin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin. However, other antibiotics showed diverse effects on S. pluranimalium.
Solvability of (λ, μ)-Commuting Operator Equations for Bounded Generalization of Hyponormal Operators
Authors: Mohsen Salim Dawood
Published: October 2022

Recently, new generalizations have been presented for the hyponormal operators, which are (N, k)-hyponormal operators and (h, M)-hyponormal operators. Some properties of these concepts have also been proved, one of these properties is that the product of two (N, k)-hyponormal operator is also (N, k)- hyponormal operator and the product of two (h, M)-hyponormal operators is (h, M)-hyponormal operator. In our research, we will reprove these properties by using the (l,m)-commuting operator equations, in addition to that we will solve the (l, m)-commuting operator equations for (N, k)-hyponormal operators and (h, M)-hyponormal operators.
Face Antimagic Labeling for Double Duplication of Barycentric and Middle Graphs
Authors: B Vasuki , L Shobana , Ahmed Mohammed Ali
Published: October 2022

This paper proves the existence of face antimagic labeling for double duplication of barycentric subdivision of cycle and some other graphs
Study of the Impact of Unsteady Squeezing Magnetohydrodynamics Copper-Water with Injection-Suction on Nanofluid Flow Between Two Parallel Plates in Porous Medium
Authors: Jasim Abeer Majeed
Published: October 2022

In this article,  the existence of thermal radiation with Copper- water nanofluid, the effect of heat transfer in  unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) squeezing and suction-injection on the flow between parallel plates( porous medium) are studied. Rosseland approximation and   the radiation of  heat flux are used to depict the energy equation. The set of ordinary differential equations  with  boundary conditions are analytically resolved by applying a new approach method (NAM). The influences of thermal field and physical parameters on dimensionless flow field  have been displayed in tabular and graphs form. The presented results show that the heat transfer coefficient is reduced by the thermal radiation coefficient increases and  the absolute values of the skin friction coefficients are enhanced with the magnetic amplification parameter. Regularly, the present outcomes discern that the parameters of the injection-suction coefficient are both the  temperature and velocity profiles decline.
Heart Disease Classification–Based on the Best Machine Learning Model
Authors: Rahma Melad Mizher , Salman Aymen Dawood
Published: October 2022

In recent years, predicting heart disease has become one of the most demanding tasks in medicine. In modern times, one person dies from heart disease every minute. Within the field of healthcare, data science is critical for analyzing large amounts of data. Because predicting heart disease is such a difficult task, it is necessary to automate the process in order to prevent the dangers connected with it and to assist health professionals in accurately and rapidly diagnosing heart disease. In this article, an efficient machine learning-based diagnosis system has been developed for the diagnosis of heart disease. The system is designed using machine learning classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Nave Bayes (NB), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The proposed work depends on the UCI database from the University of California, Irvine for the diagnosis of heart diseases. This dataset is preprocessed before running the machine learning model to get better accuracy in the classification of heart diseases. Furthermore, a 5-fold cross-validation operator was employed to avoid identical values being selected throughout the model learning and testing phase. The experimental results show that the Naive Bayes algorithm has achieved the highest accuracy of 97% compared to other ML algorithms implemented.
Intelligent System for Multi-Layer Lip Reading Based Microlearning
Authors: Ali Nada Hussain , Abdulmunim Matheel E. , Ali Akbas Ezaldeen
Published: October 2022

Intelligent systems can be used to build systems that simulate human behavior. One such system is lip reading. Hence, lip reading is considered one of the hardest problems in image analysis, and thus machine learning is used to solve this problem, which achieves remarkable results, especially when using a deep neural network, in which it dives deeply into the texture of any input. Microlearning is the new trend in E-learning. It is based on small pieces of information to make the learning process easier and more productive. In this paper, a proposed system for multi-layer lip reading is presented. The proposed system is based on micro content (letters) to achieve the lip reading process using deep learning and auto-correction models for error detection and correction of the accumulated words spelled by the lip reading system.The proposed system was implemented on a proposed dataset gathered using 20 persons of different ages and genders. The model achieved 98% accuracy in micro content recognition and 73.6% accuracy in accumulated word lip reading.
A Deep Study on the Performance of the Spatial Density Distribution Method to Recognize Handwritten Signatures
Authors: Kamal Nada Najeel , George Loay Edwar , Abdul Ameer Noor Hyder
Published: October 2022

A signature is a special identifier that confirms a person's identity and distinguishes him or her from others. The main goal of this paper is to present a deep study of the spatial density distribution method and the effect of a mass-based segmentation algorithm on its performance while it is being used to recognize handwritten signatures in an offline mode. The methodology of the algorithm is based on dividing the image of the signature into tiles that reflect the shape and geometry of the signature, and then extracting five spatial features from each of these tiles. Features include the mass of each tile, the relative mean, and the relative standard deviation for the vertical and horizontal projections of that tile. In the classification stage, four measurements of the Euclidean distance were used. While the accuracy rates for 4854 samples drawn from five different evaluated standard datasets ranged from 92.24% to 100%.
Improving the Accuracy of Prayer Times and Calculating Their Change with Geographical Latitudes during the Year 2021 AD
Authors: Saad Doaa J. , Abdulla Fouad M. , Saleh Abdulrahman H.
Published: October 2022

The entry time of the prayer in Islam is a prerequisite condition for performing obligatory prayers, and prayer times to be performed in Islam coincides with the time changes of the position of the sun. The elliptical and equatorial coordinates of the sun were calculated for different latitudes. The prayer times for the city of Baghdad were calculated at (latitude = 33.34º N, longitude = 44.43 E) with high accuracy for the year 2021 AD. The results showed that all prayer times are affected by latitude according to each region except (Dhuhr prayer (, it changes with the change of the equation of time, because the equation of time does not depend on latitude, but rather on the sun’s declination, which depends on date. We also made improvements to the accuracy of calculating prayer times, where the disappearance of evening twilight (Isha prayer) was calculated when the sun was below the western horizon at an angle of (170 ) and for )Fajr prayer( at an angle of (180) below the eastern horizon. Minutes were added to enable entering the time for )Dhuhr prayer( (5 minutes) and )Asr prayer( (3 minutes).
The results show that the shadow of the meridian varies every day of the year from one point to another on the surface of the globe, so it is non-existent if the sun is perpendicular to the earth at the time of the meridian, and it has a specific length if the latitude of the place exceeds the value (23.50) the Tropic of Cancer or the Tropic of Capricorn), and its length increases as we move towards higher latitudes.
In addition, the results of our program were compared with the program of the Islamic project for all prayer times for the cities of Baghdad and Mosul for one year, and it showed a good match for the results, with a difference in some times and days of no more than one minute due to the modifications we added to calculate the effect of altitude above sea level. Practical observation was also conducted to check the times of the Dhuhr, Asr and Maghrib prayers for several days during the year 2021 AD, and the results were identical with our theoretical results.
The Modern Techniques in Spatial Analysis to Isolate, Quarantine the Affected Areas and Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Al-ramahi Fouad K. Mashee , Shnain Ali A. , Ali Abdulrahman B.
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 is a disease caused by a coronavirus spread globally, including in Iraq; infections have appeared on all Iraq lands in varying proportions. Iraq is among the higher infected world countries. Forty-six infections were simulated on 23 March 2020. Injuries on the eastern side of Baghdad city and to the right side of the Tigris River, which divides the city into two parts, are a natural barrier in quarantine and easily control the movement of people from both sides.
In this study, a model was considered a scientific and practical method by following the steps of identifying infected people using the best scientific approach for the spatial process to prevent the virus from spreading. Remote sensing techniques were used as simulations of actual reality by depending on databases from the Iraqi government (Crisis Cell Dept.), tabulating data, and projecting them on virtual maps. Theories and statistical methods were applied in geospatial data analysis by managing these tools and capabilities of geographic information systems.
The locations of the infected people were identified to control the spread of the Coronavirus. Two primary groups were identified and analyzed according to real spatial analysis techniques to facilitate control of the region in case of increasing numbers of infected people and control of the region’s residents; later, the epidemic broke out.
The first group included the regions (New Baghdad, Al-Ghadeer, Al-Zafaraniya, Al-Amin, Al-Amin, and Karrada), and the second group included the regions (the Tariq neighborhood, Sadr City, Al-Kabir, and Al-Ghozlan). Baghdad city was isolated into two parts by a natural barrier: the Tigris River, Baghdad Rusafa in Baghdad, and Al-Karkh. There is another natural barrier if the epidemic is spread more than the normal state: a water channel (Al-Jayesh Channel) and an international highway (Muhammad Al Qasim).
These natural measures and barriers are an ideal model for controlling epidemic spreading, optimizing health capabilities and protection teams, and limiting population movement to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus Covid-19.
Utilization of Geographic Information System for hydrological analyses: A case study of Karbala province, Iraq
Authors: Maarez Habeeb Ghdhaib , Jaber Hussein Sabah , Shareef Muntadher Aidi
Published: October 2022

Analyses are the power point of GIS because GIS can process and analyze different spatial and attribute data, leading to new results for supporting decision makers. The research aims to study advanced hydrologic analyses for the western part of Karbala province, Iraq. The hydrologic analysis is done based on where that DEM creates from the field survey method. This analysis gives digital maps and tables showing the region's main and minor hydrological properties, such as flow direction, flow accumulation, stream order, stream to feature, basin, and watershed maps. Also, it can be calculated as area, perimeter, lengths of streams, and numbers of stream orders for the main watersheds that are effective in the study area. These analyses are very important for making decisions in studying the hydrologic properties of any region in Iraq, and the GIS technique saves time, cost, and effort.
The Effect of Using the Different Satellite Spatial Resolution on the Fusion Technique
Authors: Al-Jasim Ali Adnan N. , Naji Taghreed Abdulhameed , Shaban Auday H.
Published: October 2022

Bilinear interpolation and use of perceptual color spaces (HSL, HSV, LAB, and LUV) fusion techniques are presented to improve spatial and spectral characteristics of the multispectral image that has a low resolution to match the high spatial resolution of a panchromatic image for different satellites image data (Orbview-3 and Landsat-7) for the same region. The Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) fidelity criterion for achromatic information has been calculated, as well as the mean color-shifting parameters that computed the ratio of chromatic information loss of the RGB compound inside each pixel to evaluate the quality of the fused images. The results showed the superiority of HSL color space to fuse images over the rest of the spaces, as it recorded the highest SNR and the lowest mean color-shifting. The quality of the fused images using Lab color space was not affected by the type of intermediate algorithm used for XYZ space, unlike LUV color space. The XYZ algorithm type affected the fused image results, which recorded the worst consequences. It is noted that the computational time taken increased exponentially with the difference in spatial resolution between the fused images.
Application of SEM and Petrographic Studies to Reservoir Characterisation of the Eze-Aku Sandstone (Afikpo Sub-basin), South-eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ejeh Omabehere Innocent , Odigi Minapuye Isaac
Published: October 2022

The reservoir characteristics of the Pre-Santonian Eze-Aku sandstone were assessed using an integrated thin section petrography and SEM Back-Scattered Electron (BSE) imaging methods. Fresh outcrop data were collected in the Afikpo area (SE Nigeria). Twenty-eight representative samples from the different localities were analysed to obtain mineralogical and petrographical datasets germane for reservoir characterisation. Thin section petrography indicates that the sandstones are medium-grained, have an average Q90F10L0 modal composition, and are classified as mainly sub-arkose. The sandstones on SEM reveal the presence of cement in the form of quartz overgrowths, authigenic clays and feldspar. From epoxy-stained thin sections and/or SEM BSE image analysis, primary, secondary (inferred from partial to total feldspar dissolution/alteration), and micro- (in authigenic clays) porosity types were identified. Although the development of quartz overgrowths, authigenic clay precipitation, and feldspar dissolution often affect reservoir properties of sandstone negatively, the Eze-Aku sandstones still retained very good reservoir properties (porosity, average 22.7 %; permeability, average 745.43 mD). This can be attributed to the abundance of framework grains that have been stabilized by quartz cement and relatively limited feldspar dissolution. The stabilized framework grains help preserve reservoir characteristics and resist further compaction beyond eogenetic depths. The feldspar dissolution produced silica and aluminium that was precipitated to form the quartz overgrowths and the authigenic clays (e.g., kaolinite), respectively. The relatively concurrent precipitation of silica and aluminium from dissolution products reduces the quartz overgrowth quantity and authigenic clays that could have adversely affected the reservoir characteristics.
Examining of a tumor system with Caputo derivative
Authors: UÇAR Esmehan
Published: October 2022

Cancer is a disease that many people are exposed to, which results in the recovery of some and the death of others. For this reason, A system reflecting the relationship between immune system and tumor growth in this study is examined. This system is handled with the traditional Caputo fractional derivative. The stability analysis of equilibrium points and solution properties of this system is searched. Then, the conditions about the existence and uniqueness of the solution for this system are given. In conclusion, the fractional system is solved benefiting from Grünwald-Letnikov scheme.
AÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE DIRECIONADAS AOS PACIENTES HIPERTENSOS: AVALIAÇÃO DA APLICABILIDADE E COMPREENSÃO DE RESULTADOS
Authors: Medeiros Letícia Lany de Miranda , Santana Iris Gabriely Lira de , Almeida Jank Landy Simôa
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: Pesquisar na literatura científica como profissionais e usuários compreendem as ações de educação em saúde e sua aplicabilidade ao portador de Hipertensão Arterial. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura, com busca de material científico nas bases de dados: SciELO, MedLine e LILACS, com utilização dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde: “Educação em Saúde” e “Hipertensão Arterial”. Após a aplicação dos critérios seletivos, a amostra final foi composta por 10 artigos científicos. Resultados: Foram definidas quatro categorias temáticas para discussão: Percepção e saberes dos profissionais quanto às ações de educação em saúde; percepção do impacto da educação em saúde para usuários do sistema; educação alimentar e nutricional e; o uso das metodologias participativas como facilitadoras no processo de educação em saúde. Conclusão: As ações de educação em saúde são uma ótima forma de abordagem de assuntos de prevenção, promoção e recuperação da saúde, entretanto, percebeu-se que ainda é necessário que muitos profissionais planejem suas metodologias de ações educativas vislumbrando avaliação rotineira e impacto destas ações sobre o contexto trabalhado.