bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balanced pairs, cotorsion triplets and quiver representations
Authors: Estrada Sergio , Pérez Marco A. , Zhu Haiyan
Published: August 2019

Balanced pairs appear naturally in the realm of relative homological algebra associated with the balance of right-derived functors of the Hom functor. Cotorsion triplets are a natural source of such pairs. In this paper, we study the connection between balanced pairs and cotorsion triplets by using recent quiver representation techniques. In doing so, we find a new characterization of abelian categories that have enough projectives and injectives in terms of the existence of complete hereditary cotorsion triplets. We also provide a short proof of the lack of balance for derived functors of Hom computed using flat resolutions, which extends the one given by Enochs in the commutative case.
Poverty, Shame and Ethics in Contemporary China
Authors: YANG LICHAO , WALKER ROBERT
Published: August 2019

Taking China as a critical case, this article questions recent literature that asserts that shame attached to poverty is both ubiquitous and always problematic. In China, the concepts of shame, loss of face,lian(integrity) andmian(reputation) once provided an ethical framework under which the existence of poverty both indicated ineffective governance and provided individuals in poverty with opportunities to demonstrate virtuous behaviour in coping with life’s hardships. Maoist rhetoric went further presenting poor peasants as national heroes albeit the outcome of Maoist policies was often to hurt the most disadvantaged most. Subsequent marketisation has transformed poverty into a manifestation of personal failing with poverty-related shame having the same likely negative consequences as found elsewhere.
Behavioural inhibition and valuation of gain/loss are neurally distinct from approach/withdrawal
Authors: McNaughton Neil , Corr Philip J.
Published: August 2019

Gain or omission/termination of loss produces approach; while loss or omission/termination of gain produces withdrawal. Control of approach/withdrawal motivation is distinct from valuation of gain/loss and does not entail learning – making “reward” and “punishment” ambiguous. Approach-withdrawal goal conflict engages a neurally distinct Behavioural Inhibition System, which controls “anxiety” (conflict/passive avoidance) but not “fear” (withdrawal/active avoidance).
Symmetric conflicts also allow for the investigation of attack and defense
Authors: Hüffmeier Joachim , Mazei Jens
Published: August 2019

De Dreu and Gross argue that only asymmetric games allow the motives underlying defense and attack to be disentangled. However, the Prisoner's Dilemma Game Alt matrix (PDG-Alt matrix), a modified symmetric PDG, also allows these motives to be disentangled. Studies using the PDG-Alt matrix produced findings contradicting a central claim of De Dreu and Gross.
Advantaged- and disadvantaged-group members have motivations similar to those of defenders and attackers, but their psychological characteristics are fundamentally different
Authors: Shnabel Nurit , Becker Julia
Published: August 2019

Modern societies are characterized by group-based hierarchies. Similar to attackers, disadvantaged-group members wish to change the status quo; like defenders, advantaged-group members wish to protect it. However, the psychological arrays that are typical of disadvantaged- and advantaged-group members are opposite to those of attackers and defenders – suggesting that the Attacker-Defender Game does not capture the dynamics between advantaged and disadvantaged groups.
Toward the need to discriminate types of attackers and defenders in intergroup conflicts
Authors: Katna Dashalini , Cheon Bobby K.
Published: August 2019

Here, we argue that attackers in intergroup conflicts are also likely to hold strong identity fusion, anticipate threat from the out-groups, and retaliate by signaling preemptive aggressiveness, which may not be asymmetrically exclusive to defenders. We propose that the study of the intergroup and intragroup dynamics could highlight more specific, robust markers to differentiate types of defenders from attackers.
The importance of raiding ecology and sex differences in offensive and defensive warfare
Authors: Lopez Anthony C.
Published: August 2019

De Dreu and Gross offer a compelling synthesis of a growing literature on the psychology of attack and defense. I argue that human raiding ecology suggests the need to endogenize attacker-defender move order as well as opportunities for tactical mismatch available to defenders. Perhaps most significantly, I draw attention to the surprising lacunae in sex differences across attack and defense.
Towards the elucidation of evolution of out-group aggression
Authors: Mifune Nobuhiro , Simunovic Dora
Published: August 2019

We focus on the implications of De Dreu and Gross's findings for the evolutionary perspective on out-group aggression and in-group cooperation. Although their experimental protocols are potentially useful in determining the origins of out-group aggression in humans, they so far provide inconclusive evidence only. We suggest ways of furthering our understanding of the connection between parochial cooperation and intergroup conflict.
‘When it faded in her … it faded in me’: a qualitative study exploring the impact of care-giving on the experience of spousal intimacy for older male care-givers
Authors: Fee Anne , McIlfatrick Sonja , Ryan Assumpta
Published: August 2019

Older male care-givers play an increasingly important role in informal care-giving, yet they have received little attention in the literature. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of care-giving on the experience of spousal intimacy for older male care-givers. Twenty-four older male care-givers, drawn from a region of the United Kingdom, participated in one-to-one interviews about their care-giving role. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data, and the study was underpinned by theories of masculinity. Three main themes were identified: (a) ‘Impact of care-giving on the experience of sexual intimacy’; (b) ‘Impact of care-giving on the experience of emotional intimacy’; and (c) ‘Not up for discussion’. When sexual intimacy declined, some older male care-givers prioritised emotional intimacy; some struggled with the decline; and some were reluctant to discuss the issue. Additionally, some care-givers reported that they had not received support from external support providers for declining sexual or emotional intimacy. Intimacy has been highlighted as important for care-givers given its link with care-giver wellbeing and quality of life. Results of this study suggest that sexual and emotional intimacy was an issue for older male care-givers, and that this issue should be considered by external support providers as part of a holistic assessment of need in order to tailor effective support.
Determining the Volume Expansion at Grain Boundaries Using Extended Energy-Loss Fine Structure Analysis
Authors: Nandi Proloy , Howe James M.
Published: August 2019

Grain boundaries (GBs) play an important role in material behavior, so considerable effort has gone into determining their structure and properties. Studies of GBs have revealed a correlation between the GB energy and expansion of the planes normal to the GB, or the so-called normal volume expansion. In this investigation, the volume expansion at several GBs was experimentally determined using extended energy-loss fine structure (EXELFS) analysis in a scanning/transmission electron microscope, allowing changes in the nearest-neighbor (n.n.) distances to be determined with nanometer spatial resolution. EXELFS performed on three-model GBs showed that the average n.n. distances at the GBs increased with increasing GB energy. Additionally, the total volume expansion at the GBs, calculated using complementary plasmon energy profiles, showed excellent agreement with volume expansions measured using other experimental techniques. Hence, this study demonstrates that EXELFS is a useful technique to measure the normal volume expansion at GBs. When combined with the results from complementary studies on the same GBs using valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy, this work further shows that the GB energy increases in relation to both the decrease in electron density at the GB and an accompanying increase in specific volume expansion at the GB.
The Political-Economic Foundations of Representative Government
Authors: Narizny Kevin
Published: August 2019

The dominant interpretation of the Glorious Revolution portrays it as an innovative compromise that used clever institutional design to solve a coordination problem between rival elites. In contrast, I argue that it was neither innovative nor a compromise and that it was the product of structural change rather than institutional design. Following Barrington Moore, I focus on the rise of agrarian capitalism and economically autonomous elites, who, in contrast to rent-seeking elites, do not depend on favor from the state for their income. They have an interest in the creation of a political system that ensures their equal rights under the law, open access to markets, and opportunities to form broad coalitions against rent-seeking. This makes them a critical constituency for representative government. I test this argument through an analysis of patterns of allegiance for Crown and Parliament at the outset of the English Civil War and address its relevance to the Glorious Revolution.
The effect of oxygen concentration on the germination of some weed species under control conditions
Authors: Yasin Muhammad , Andreasen Christian
Published: August 2019

Continuous use of heavy machinery in fields and frequent farm traffic sometimes result in soil compaction. Soil compaction reduces the oxygen (O2) concentration in soil capillaries and hence lowers the O2 availability for germinating seeds. We investigated how reduced O2 levels changed germination behavior of weeds to elucidate their potential to adapt to O2-deficient soils (compacted, compressed, and waterlogged soils and soils with hard surfaces). Two similar laboratory experiments were conducted with five O2 treatments (20.9%, 15%, 10%, 5%, and 2.5%). The germination percentage of the invasive weed hairy fiddleneck [Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. var. menziesii] and the common weeds common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and Persian speedwell (Veronica persica Poir) was not significantly reduced at 15% O2. The germination of scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis L. ssp. arvensis), silky windgrass [Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv.], catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine L.), and knawel (Scleranthus annuus L.) was significantly reduced at 15% O2. The highest germination was obtained at 20.9% O2 for blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.), A. spica-venti, G. aparine, annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), scentless chamomile [Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip.], field violet (Viola arvensis Murray) and the less common weeds A. arvensis and S. annuus. Distribution of flora in the landscape may change on O2-deficient soils by reducing germination of some species such as A. arvensis and S. annuus and favoring others like A. menziesii and C. album. The ability to germinate at 2.5% and 5% O2 may contribute to explain why A. myosuroides and A. menziesii have become successful as weeds on O2-deficient soils, as they maintained a germination percentage between 34% and 58% at 2.5% O2.
Crystal Clocks Serve as Stopwatch for Magma Storage and Travel Times
Authors: Morton Mary
Published: August 2019

Magma stored for 1,000 years in an Icelandic volcano journeyed to the surface in just 4 days.
A Self‐Regulating Equilibrium Magnetopause Model With Applications to Saturn
Authors: Hardy F. , Achilleos N. , Guio P.
Published: August 2019

We describe a new method of constructing an equilibrium magnetopause surface based on the pressure balance between external and internal pressure sources. Details are given for every step of the procedure, including the initial pressure balance condition (which determines magnetopause morphology), the related underlying assumptions, and the final optimized magnetopause surface. Our method produces a final equilibrium magnetopause surface that satisfies the local balance between the solar wind dynamic pressure and planetary magnetic pressure with an error no greater than 1%. We also discuss the contribution of hot plasma pressure and equatorial ring currents and their effects on magnetopause morphology. For each optimized magnetopause boundary, we give coefficients for fitted polynomial approximations to allow simple and accurate reproductions for practical applications. We specifically discuss the potential application to the modeling of Saturn's magnetopause and describe how the equilibrium magnetopause model can be used to estimate the compressibility of the boundary.
Sedimentary Organic Carbon Budget Across the Slope to the Basin in the Southwestern Ulleung (Tsushima) Basin of the East (Japan) Sea
Authors: Lee Jae Seong , Han Jeong Hee , An Sung‐Uk , Kim Sung‐Han , Lim Dhongil , Kim Dongseon , Kang Dong‐Jin , Park Young‐Gyu
Published: August 2019

With the total sediment oxygen uptake rates measured using an in situ benthic chamber, vertical distributions of organic carbon, and sedimentation rates estimated by excess 210Pb across the slope to the basin sediment of the southwestern region of the Ulleung (Tsushima) Basin (UB), the partitioning of organic carbon fluxes in the sediment was estimated to understand the biogeochemical cycles of organic carbon in the high productivity marginal sea. The results of depth attenuation of total oxygen uptake (TOU) demonstrate that the organic carbon oxidation of the UB sediment was 2.5 times higher than that obtained from the empirical relationship of the global's depth attenuation of TOU. Similar to TOU, the high mass accumulation rates observed in the slope region were 9.5 times higher than the rate in the basin, indicating that the slope may act as the depocenter of organic carbon. The organic carbon budget with water depth gradient implies that a significant fraction of the organic carbon deposited into sediment is supplied by lateral transport down the slope. Definite increasing C/N ratio with water depth indicates that the refractory organic carbon seems to be successively transported later from shelf to slope. The total burial flux in the sediment of southwestern UB was estimated to be 0.46±0.04 Tg C/year, which is similar to the megadepocenter of the Congo River fan. Our results imply that the UB sediment may be an important biogeochemical reaction place not only for organic carbon but also materials linked to primary production.
MAP: model-based analysis of proteomic data to detect proteins with significant abundance changes
Authors: Li Mushan , Tu Shiqi , Li Zijia , Tan Fengxiang , Liu Jian , Wang Qian , Zhang Yuannyu , Xu Jian , Zhang Yijing , Zhou Feng , Shao Zhen
Published: August 2019

Isotope-labeling-based mass spectrometry (MS) is widely used in quantitative proteomic studies. With this technique, the relative abundance of thousands of proteins can be efficiently profiled in parallel, greatly facilitating the detection of proteins differentially expressed across samples. However, this task remains computationally challenging. Here we present a new approach, termed Model-based Analysis of Proteomic data (MAP), for this task. Unlike many existing methods, MAP does not require technical replicates to model technical and systematic errors, and instead utilizes a novel step-by-step regression analysis to directly assess the significance of observed protein abundance changes. We applied MAP to compare the proteomic profiles of undifferentiated and differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and found it has superior performance compared with existing tools in detecting proteins differentially expressed during mESC differentiation. A web-based application of MAP is provided for online data processing at http://bioinfo.sibs.ac.cn/shaolab/MAP.
Magnetic excitation of a granular gas as a bulk thermostat
Authors: Adachi Masato , Yu Peidong , Sperl Matthias
Published: August 2019

A thermostat utilizing a varying magnetic field has been developed to agitate soft ferromagnetic particles in microgravity platforms for an investigation of an energy-dissipative granular gas. Although the method has experimentally realized a reasonably homogeneous spatial distribution of particles, the physics behind the magnetically excited particles has not been understood. Therefore, a numerical calculation based on the discrete element method is developed in this paper to explain the realization of homogeneously distributed particles. The calculation method allows considering inelastic and magnetic interactions between particles and tracking the motions due to those interactions during the excitation of the granular gas. The calculation results, compared with the experimental result, show that magnetic interactions between particles, a time-domain variation of magnetic-excitation directions, and random collisions of particles between each magnetic excitation contribute to distribute particles homogeneously.
Relationship between parity and the problems that appear in the postpartum period
Authors: Martínez-Galiano Juan Miguel , Hernández-Martínez Antonio , Rodríguez-Almagro Julián , Delgado-Rodríguez Miguel , Gómez-Salgado Juan
Published: August 2019

Parity is associated with the incidence of problems in pregnancy, delivery and the puerperium. The influence of parity in the postpartum period has been poorly studied and the results are incongruous. The objective of this study was to identify the association between parity and the existence of distinct discomfort and problems during the postpartum period. Cross-sectional study with puerperal women in Spain. Data was collected on demographic and obstetric variables and maternal manifestations of discomfort and problems during the postpartum period. An ad hoc online questionnaire was used. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression. 1503 primiparous and 1487 multiparous participated in the study. 53.4% (803) of the primiparous women affirmed to have feelings of sadness, as opposed to 36.2% (539) of multiparous women (aOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.35–1.89). 48.3% (726) of primiparous had lactation problems vs 24.7% (367) of multiparous (aOR: 2.46; 95% CI: 2.05–2.94). 37.2% (559) of primiparous reported anxiety, while the percentage in multiparous was 25.7% (382) (aOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12–1.61). 22.2% (333) of primiparous had depressive symptoms, and 11.6% (172) of multiparous (aOR: 1.65; CI 95%: 1.31–2.06). Faecal incontinence was more present in primiparous than in multiparous, 6.5% (97) and 3.3% (49) respectively (aOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.07–2.38). Parity is associated with the presence of certain problems in the postpartum period. Thus, primiparous are more likely to have lactation problems, depressive symptoms, anxiety, sadness, and faecal incontinence.
The Northern Route for Human dispersal in Central and Northeast Asia: New evidence from the site of Tolbor-16, Mongolia
Authors: Zwyns Nicolas , Paine Cleantha H. , Tsedendorj Bolorbat , Talamo Sahra , Fitzsimmons Kathryn E. , Gantumur Angaragdulguun , Guunii Lkhundev , Davakhuu Odsuren , Flas Damien , Dogandžić Tamara , Doerschner Nina , Welker Frido , Gillam J. Christopher , Noyer Joshua B. , Bakhtiary Roshanne S. , Allshouse Aurora F. , Smith Kevin N. , Khatsenovich Arina M. , Rybin Evgeny P. , Byambaa Gunchinsuren , Hublin Jean-Jacques
Published: August 2019

The fossil record suggests that at least two major human dispersals occurred across the Eurasian steppe during the Late Pleistocene. Neanderthals and Modern Humans moved eastward into Central Asia, a region intermittently occupied by the enigmatic Denisovans. Genetic data indicates that the Denisovans interbred with Neanderthals near the Altai Mountains (South Siberia) but where and when they met H. sapiens is yet to be determined. Here we present archaeological evidence that document the timing and environmental context of a third long-distance population movement in Central Asia, during a temperate climatic event around 45,000 years ago. The early occurrence of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic, a techno-complex whose sudden appearance coincides with the first occurrence of H. sapiens in the Eurasian steppes, establishes an essential archaeological link between the Siberian Altai and Northwestern China . Such connection between regions provides empirical ground to discuss contacts between local and exogenous populations in Central and Northeast Asia during the Late Pleistocene.
Strontium hexaferrite platelets: a comprehensive soft X-ray absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy study
Authors: Soria G. D. , Jenus P. , Marco J. F. , Mandziak A. , Sanchez-Arenillas M. , Moutinho F. , Prieto J. E. , Prieto P. , Cerdá J. , Tejera-Centeno C. , Gallego S. , Foerster M. , Aballe L. , Valvidares M. , Vasili H. B. , Pereiro E. , Quesada A. , de la Figuera J.
Published: August 2019

Platelets of strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19, SFO), up to several micrometers in width, and tens of nanometers thick have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method. They have been studied by a combination of structural and magnetic techniques, with emphasis on Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray absorption based-measurements including spectroscopy and microscopy on the iron-L edges and the oxygen-K edge, allowing us to establish the differences and similarities between our synthesized nanostructures and commercial powders. The Mössbauer spectra reveal a greater contribution of iron tetrahedral sites in platelets in comparison to pure bulk material. For reference, high-resolution absorption and dichroic spectra have also been measured both from the platelets and from pure bulk material. The O-K edge has been reproduced by density functional theory calculations. Out-of-plane domains were observed with 180° domain walls less than 20 nm width, in good agreement with micromagnetic simulations.
Transcriptomic Profiling of Adipose Derived Stem Cells Undergoing Osteogenesis by RNA-Seq
Authors: Shaik Shahensha , Martin Elizabeth C. , Hayes Daniel J. , Gimble Jeffrey M. , Devireddy Ram V.
Published: August 2019

Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent in nature that can be differentiated into various cells lineages such as adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic. The commitment of a cell to differentiate into a particular lineage is regulated by the interplay between various intracellular pathways and their resultant secretome. Similarly, the interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the ECM bound growth factors instigate several signal transducing events that ultimately determine ASC differentiation. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to identify the transcriptome profile of osteogenic induced ASCs to understand the associated genotype changes. Gene ontology (GO) functional annotations analysis using Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) bioinformatics resources on the differentially expressed genes demonstrated the enrichment of pathways mainly associated with ECM organization and angiogenesis. We, therefore, studied the expression of genes coding for matrisome proteins (glycoproteins, collagens, proteoglycans, ECM-affiliated, regulators, and secreted factors) and ECM remodeling enzymes (MMPs, integrins, ADAMTSs) and the expression of angiogenic markers during the osteogenesis of ASCs. The upregulation of several pro-angiogenic ELR+ chemokines and other angiogenic inducers during osteogenesis indicates the potential role of the secretome from differentiating ASCs in the vascular development and its integration with the bone tissue. Furthermore, the increased expression of regulatory genes such as CTNNB1, TGBR2, JUN, FOS, GLI3, and MAPK3 involved in the WNT, TGF-β, JNK, HedgeHog and ERK1/2 pathways suggests the regulation of osteogenesis through interplay between these pathways. The RNA-Seq data was also validated by performing QPCR on selected up- and down-regulated genes (COL10A1, COL11A1, FBLN, FERMT1, FN1, FOXF1, LAMA3, LAMA4, LAMB1, IGF1, WNT10B, MMP1, MMP3, MMP16, ADAMTS6, and ADAMTS14).
Benefit of Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Resected Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Tae Hyun , Woo Sang Myung , Lee Woo Jin , Oh Eun Sang , Youn Sang Hee , Moon Sung Ho , Kim Sang Soo , Han Sung Sik , Park Sang-Jae , Kim Dae Yong
Published: August 2019

To evaluate the benefit of adjuvant treatments, such as chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and chemotherapy (CTx), compared with no adjuvant treatment (No-AT) in resected gallbladder (GB) cancer patients, 151 patients were analyzed: 98 (64.9%) patients received adjuvant treatment with CRT (n = 59, 39.1%) or CTx (n = 39, 25.8%), and the remaining 53 (35.1%) did not (No-AT). The clinicopathological factors, patterns of failure, locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared among the three groups according to tumor stage. In patients with T2-3N0M0 stage disease, the incidences of locoregional recurrence and distant recurrence and 5-year LRFS, RFS and OS rates were not significantly different among the No-AT, CTx, and CRT groups (p > 0.05 each). In those with T2-3N1-2M0 stage disease, the incidences of locoregional recurrence (11.4%, 78.1%, and 68.4%, respectively) and distant recurrence (42.8%, 73.9% and 66.7%, respectively) in the CRT group were significantly lower than those in the No-AT and CTx groups (p < 0.05), and the CRT group had significantly higher 5-year LRFS (82,1%, 26.8%, and 19.0%), RFS (53.3%, 11.6% and 16.7%) and OS rates (64.0%, 22.7% and 4.3%) than the CTx and No-AT groups (p < 0.05 each). Therefore, adjuvant CRT may improve the LRFS and RFS and subsequently improve OS in lymph node-positive resected GB cancer.
Bogotá River anthropogenic contamination alters microbial communities and promotes spread of antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Posada-Perlaza Carlos Eduardo , Ramírez-Rojas Adán , Porras Paola , Adu-Oppong Boahemaa , Botero-Coy Ana-María , Hernández Félix , Anzola Juan M. , Díaz Lorena , Dantas Gautam , Reyes Alejandro , Zambrano María Mercedes
Published: August 2019

The increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria has raised global concern regarding the future effectiveness of antibiotics. Human activities that influence microbial communities and environmental resistomes can generate additional risks to human health. In this work, we characterized aquatic microbial communities and their resistomes in samples collected at three sites along the Bogotá River and from wastewaters at three city hospitals, and investigated community profiles and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as a function of anthropogenic contamination. The presence of antibiotics and other commonly used drugs increased in locations highly impacted by human activities, while the diverse microbial communities varied among sites and sampling times, separating upstream river samples from more contaminated hospital and river samples. Clinically relevant antibiotic resistant pathogens and ARGs were more abundant in contaminated water samples. Tracking of resistant determinants to upstream river waters and city sources suggested that human activities foster the spread of ARGs, some of which were co-localized with mobile genetic elements in assembled metagenomic contigs. Human contamination of this water ecosystem changed both community structure and environmental resistomes that can pose a risk to human health.
Hemoglobin S and C affect biomechanical membrane properties of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes
Authors: Fröhlich Benjamin , Jäger Julia , Lansche Christine , Sanchez Cecilia P. , Cyrklaff Marek , Buchholz Bernd , Soubeiga Serge Theophile , Simpore Jacque , Ito Hiroaki , Schwarz Ulrich S. , Lanzer Michael , Tanaka Motomu
Published: August 2019

During intraerythrocytic development, the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum alters the mechanical deformability of its host cell. The underpinning biological processes involve gain in parasite mass, changes in the membrane protein compositions, reorganization of the cytoskeletons and its coupling to the plasma membrane, and formation of membrane protrusions, termed knobs. The hemoglobinopathies S and C are known to partially protect carriers from severe malaria, possibly through additional changes in the erythrocyte biomechanics, but a detailed quantification of cell mechanics is still missing. Here, we combined flicker spectroscopy and a mathematical model and demonstrated that knob formation strongly suppresses membrane fluctuations by increasing membrane-cytoskeleton coupling. We found that the confinement increased with hemoglobin S but decreases with hemoglobin C in spite of comparable knob densities and diameters. We further found that the membrane bending modulus strongly depends on the hemoglobinopathetic variant, suggesting increased amounts of irreversibly oxidized hemichromes bound to membranes.
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Forensics Analysis
Authors: Ferreira Brian Cardoso , Velho Jesus Antônio , Silva da Veiga Márcia Andreia Mesquita
Published: August 2019

Atomic absorption spectrometry is a robust, simple, and well-established technique in analytical laboratories. Within forensic practice, this technique is widely used in gunshot residue (GSR) analysis and in toxicological examinations in cases of suspected poisoning by elements such as arsenic. This chapter addresses the fundamentals of the technique and discusses its practical applications in GSR analysis, in suspected arsenic poisoning/doping, and in a case report of cocaine seizure.
Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in Forensic Sensing
Authors: Naozuka J. , Oliveira A. P.
Published: August 2019

Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is considered a versatile, multi-elemental, non-contact, powerful atomic spectrometry method, which can provide elemental composition data for practically any sample in a virtually non-destructive sampling and without or minimal sample preparation. Considering the forensic science, LIBS aggregates important advantages, such as quickness of analysis, potential field portability, the ability to provide characteristic spectral fingerprint information for classification and/or identification purposes, and potential for the investigation of dangerous materials from a safe distance and/or in safe microscopic quantities. Several different LIBS applications can be considered as forensic analysis, such as fraud/adulteration detection, antiterrorism efforts, post-disaster activities, and crimes evidences. Considering these forensics interests, the LIBS technique has been applied successfully to elemental determination in paper and ink, drugs, gunshot residue, spent brass cartridges, soils, bones, glass, mortar, clay, blood, swine skeletal muscles, enriched uranium, automotive paint, cotton, human cremation ash, explosives, counterfeit products, and adulterated foods. Additionally, the analysis of hazardous materials of forensic interest can be performed at a safe distance from the material and non-contact material detection through standoff LIBS systems.
Epigenetics to Solve Crimes
Authors: Antunes Joana , McCord Bruce
Published: August 2019

The study of DNA methylation for forensic sciences provides great potential to aid forensic applications by permitting investigators to track variations in gene expression. As a result, this procedure provides additional information over and above the basic DNA typing used in standard forensic human identification. For example, epigenetic methods have the potential to provide a whole new level of specificity in forensic body fluid analysis. Tissue-specific methylation differences result from differences in cell transcription based on variations in a cell’s application in the body. The detection of these differences by epigenetic methods permits a more specific and sensitive technique to detect human cells left behind by suspects at crime scenes. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, can also be used in identifying a suspect’s age, lifestyle and diet. As a result, this technique represents a growing new and important procedure in crime scene analysis.
Bioactive LbL-assembled multilayer nanofilms upregulate tenogenesis and angiogenesis enabling robust healing of degenerative rotator cuff tendonsin vivo
Authors: Han Fei , Zhang Peng , Wen Xuejun , Lin Chao , Zhao Peng
Published: August 2019

The aim of this work was to fabricate LbL-assembled multilayer film-modified aligned scaffolds and investigate their regulation of TSPCs and potential for degenerative tendon healing.
Moiré and honeycomb lattices through self-assembly of hard-core/soft-shell microgels: experiment and simulation
Authors: Volk Kirsten , Deißenbeck Florian , Mandal Suvendu , Löwen Hartmut , Karg Matthias
Published: August 2019

Moiré and honeycomb lattices result from the sequential double deposition of monolayers of core/shell microgels in dependence of the drying conditions.
Generation and structural characterization of Ge carbides GeCn (n = 4, 5, 6) by laser ablation, broadband rotational spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry
Authors: Lee Kin Long Kelvin , Thorwirth Sven , Martin-Drumel Marie-Aline , McCarthy Michael C.
Published: August 2019

Rotational spectra of three Ge carbides, linear GeC4, GeC5, and GeC6 have been observed using chirped pulse and cavity Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy via laser ablation, guided by new high-level quantum chemical calculations.
Partially-oxidized phosphorene sensor for the detection of sub-nano molar concentrations of nitric oxide: a first-principles study
Authors: Marmolejo-Tejada Juan M. , Jaramillo-Botero Andres
Published: August 2019

First-principles design and characterization of a partially oxidized phosphorene device for nM L−1 detection and measurement of nitric oxide.
Sandwich double-decker Er(iii) and Yb(iii) complexes containing naphthalocyanine moiety: synthesis and investigation of the effect of a paramagnetic metal center
Authors: Dubinina Tatiana V. , Kosov Anton D. , Petrusevich Elizaveta F. , Borisova Nataliya E. , Trigub Alexander L. , Mamin George V. , Gilmutdinov Ildar F. , Masitov Artem A. , Tokarev Sergey V. , Pushkarev Victor E. , Tomilova Larisa G.
Published: August 2019

Near-IR absorbing sandwich double-decker Er(iii) and Yb(iii) complexes, containing naphthalocyanine moiety were obtained. Magnetic parameters were determined and interpreted by EPR and SQUID techniques and supported by theoretical considerations.
Multi-stimuli responsive chromism with tailorable mechanochromic sensitivity for versatile interactive sensing under ambient conditions
Authors: Zeng Songshan , Sun Haotian , Park Cheonjin , Zhang Monica , Zhu Mengting , Yan Manqing , Chov Nora , Li Edward , Smith Andrew T. , Xu Gefan , Li Shuliang , Hou Zaili , Li Yuntao , Wang Bing , Zhang Dianyun , Sun Luyi
Published: August 2019

A 3D integration strategy is applied to fabricate multi-stimuli responsive chromic devices that respond to UV, temperature, and mechanical stretching.
Rapid synthesis of defective and composition-controlled metal chalcogenide nanosheets by supercritical hydrothermal processing
Authors: Nakayasu Yuta , Bradley Siobhan , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Nayuki Keiichiro , Sasaki Yoshikazu , Tomai Takaaki , Nann Thomas , Honma Itaru
Published: August 2019

Defective Mo(S,Se)2 and (Mo,W)S2 nanosheets are synthesized by a supercritical hydrothermal process without highly toxic sources in a short time.
Construction of Sb2Se3 nanocrystals on Cu2−xSe@C nanosheets for high performance lithium storage
Authors: Yue Hailong , Tian Qi , Wang Guangming , Jin Rencheng , Wang Qingyao , Gao Shanmin
Published: August 2019

Cu2−xSe@C@Sb2Se3 with enhanced electrochemical performance was designed and fabricated, where Sb2Se3 nanoparticles were anchored on Cu2−xSe@C nanosheets.
Novel osmium(ii)–cymene complexes containing curcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin ligands
Authors: Pettinari Riccardo , Marchetti Fabio , Di Nicola Corrado , Pettinari Claudio , Cuccioloni Massimiliano , Bonfili Laura , Eleuteri Anna Maria , Therrien Bruno , Batchelor Lucinda K. , Dyson Paul J.
Published: August 2019

First examples of p-cymene-osmium(ii) curcuminoid complexes with antitumor activity.
Constructing bridged multifunctional calixarenes by intramolecular indole coupling
Authors: Bolshchikov Boris , Volkov Sergey , Sokolova Daria , Gorbunov Alexander , Serebryannikova Alina , Gloriozov Igor , Cheshkov Dmitry , Bezzubov Stanislav , Chung Wen-Sheng , Kovalev Vladimir , Vatsouro Ivan
Published: August 2019

2,2′-Bisindole bridges can be easily created at (thia)calixarene cores providing the molecules with multiple functionalities for application in supramolecular chemistry.
An integrated pharmacokinetic study of Dengzhanxixin injection in rats by combination of multicomponent pharmacokinetics and anti-myocardial ischemic assay
Authors: Huang Jianyong , Su Ya , Yang Chunlei , Li Shaoguang , Wu Youjia , Chen Bing , Lin Xinhua , Huang Liying , Yao Hong , Shi Peiying
Published: August 2019

The integrated pharmacokinetic study of Dengzhanxixin injection in rats could reveal its overallin vivoprocess.
Novel vinyl-modified RGD conjugated silica nanoparticles based on photo click chemistry for in vivo prostate cancer targeted fluorescence imaging
Authors: Li Hanrui , Li Ke , Zeng Qi , Zeng Yun , Chen Dan , Pang Liaojun , Chen Xueli , Zhan Yonghua
Published: August 2019

Photo click chemistry has been used to prepare RGD conjugated silica nanoprobe (SiO2@T1-RGDk NPs) that exhibits excellent tumor targeting ability and negligible toxicity which enables them to be used for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Doping Pd/SiO2 with Na+: changing the reductive etherification of CO to furan ring hydrogenation of furfural in ethanol
Authors: Long Yinshuang , Wang Yun , Wu Haihong , Xue Teng , Wu Peng , Guan Yejun
Published: August 2019

Doping Na+ on the Pd/SiO2 catalyst totally inhibits the reductive etherification of furfural while facilitating hydrogenation of the furan ring.
Mechanistic study on substitution reaction of a citrato(p-cymene)Ru(ii) complex with sulfur-containing amino acids
Authors: Aizawa Sen-ichi , Takizawa Kohei , Aitani Momoko
Published: August 2019

Thorough kinetic study revealed characteristics of the reaction mechanism for arene ruthenium(ii) complexes with bio-related ligands.
Constraining the geometry and kinematics of the quasar broad emission line region using gravitational microlensing
Authors: Hutsemékers D. , Braibant L. , Sluse D. , Goosmann R.
Published: August 2019

The quadruply lensed quasar HE0435−1223 shows a clear microlensing effect that affects differently the blue and red wings of the Hα line profile in its image D. To interpret these observations, and constrain the broad emission line region (BLR) properties, the effect of gravitational microlensing on quasar broad emission line profiles and their underlying continuum has been simulated considering representative BLR models and microlensing magnification maps. The amplification and distortion of the Hα line profile, characterized by a set of four indices, can be reproduced by the simulations. Although the constraints on the BLR models set by the observed single-epoch microlensing signal are not very robust, we found that flattened geometries (Keplerian disk and equatorial wind) can more easily reproduce the observed line profile deformations than a biconical polar wind. With an additional independent constraint on the size of the continuum source, the Keplerian disk model of the Hα BLR is slightly favored.
J-PLUS: Impact of bars on quenching timescales in nearby green valley disc galaxies
Authors: Nogueira-Cavalcante J. P. , Dupke R. , Coelho P. , Dantas M. L. L. , Gonçalves T. S. , Menéndez-Delmestre K. , Lopes de Oliveira R. , Jiménez-Teja Y. , López-Sanjuan C. , Alcaniz J. , Angulo R. E. , Cenarro A. J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Hernández-Monteagudo C. , Ederoclite A. , Marín-Franch A. , Mendes de Oliveira C. , Moles M. , Sodré L. , Varela J. , Vázquez Ramió H. , Alvarez-Candal A. , Chies-Santos A. , Díaz-García L. A. , Galbany L. , Hernandez-Jimenez J. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Sánchez-Portal M. , Sobral D. , Telles E. , Tempel E.
Published: August 2019

Context. Between the blue cloud and the red sequence peaks on the galaxy colour–magnitude diagram there is a region sparsely populated by galaxies called the green valley. In a framework where galaxies mostly migrate on the colour–magnitude diagram from star forming to quiescent, the green valley is considered a transitional galaxy stage. The details of the processes that drive galaxies from star-forming to passive systems still remain unknown.

Aims. We aim to measure the transitional timescales of nearby galaxies across the green valley, through the analysis of Galaxy Evolution Explorer and Javalambre Photometric of Local Universe Survey photometric data. Specifically, we seek to study the impact of bars on the quenching timescales.

Methods. We developed a method that estimates empirically the star formation quenching timescales of green valley galaxies, assuming an exponential decay model of the star formation histories and through a combination of narrow and broad bands from the Javalambre Photometric of Local Universe Survey and Galaxy Evolution Explorer. We correlated these quenching timescales with the presence of bars.

Results. We find that the Javalambre Photometric of Local Universe Survey colours F0395 −g and F0410 −g are sensitive to different star formation histories, showing, consequently, a clear correlation with the Dn(4000) and Hδ, A spectral indices. We measured quenching timescales based on these colours and we find that quenching timescales obtained with our new approach are in agreement with those determined using spectral indices. We also compared the quenching timescales of green valley disc galaxies as a function of the probability of hosting a bar. We find that galaxies with high bar probability tend to quench their star formation slowly.

Conclusions. We conclude that: (1) Javalambre Photometric of Local Universe Survey filters can be used to measure quenching timescales in nearby green valley galaxies; and (2) the resulting star formation quenching timescales are longer for barred green valley galaxies. Considering that the presence of a bar indicates that more violent processes (e.g. major mergers) are absent in host galaxies, we conclude that the presence of a bar can be used as a morphological signature for slow star formation quenching.
Linking planetesimal and dust content in protoplanetary disks via a local toy model
Authors: Gerbig Konstantin , Lenz Christian T. , Klahr Hubert
Published: August 2019

Context. If planetesimal formation is an efficient process, as suggested by several models involving gravitational collapse of pebble clouds, then, not before long, a significant part of the primordial dust mass should be absorbed in many km-sized objects. A good understanding of the total amount of solids in the disk around a young star is crucial for planet formation theory. However, as the mass of particles above the mm size cannot be assessed observationally, one must ask how much mass is hidden in bigger objects.

Aims. We performed 0-d local simulations to study how the planetesimal to dust and pebble ratio evolves in time and to develop an understanding of the potentially existing mass in planetesimals for a certain amount of dust and pebbles at a given disk age.

Methods. We performed a parameter study based on a model considering dust growth, planetesimal formation, and collisional fragmentation of planetesimals, while neglecting radial transport processes.

Results. While at early times, dust is the dominant solid particle species, there is a phase during which planetesimals make up a significant portion of the total mass starting at approximately 104–106 yr. The time of this phase and the maximal total planetesimal mass strongly depend on the distance to the star R, the initial disk mass, and the efficiency of planetesimal formation ɛ. Planetesimal collisions are more significant in more massive disks, leading to lower relative planetesimal fractions compared to less massive disks. After approximately 106 yr, our model predicts planetesimal collisions to dominate, which resupplies small particles.

Conclusions. In our model, planetesimals form fast and everywhere in the disk. For a given ɛ, we are able to relate the dust content and mass of a given disk to its planetesimal content, providing us with some helpful basic intuition about mass distribution of solids and its dependence on underlying physical processes.
Carbon-rich (DQ) white dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Authors: Koester D. , Kepler S. O.
Published: August 2019

Context.Among the spectroscopically identified white dwarfs, a fraction smaller than 2% have spectra dominated by carbon lines, mainly molecular C2, but also a smaller group dominated by C Iand C IIlines. These are together called DQ white dwarfs.

Aims.We want to derive atmospheric parametersTeff, logg, and carbon abundances for a large sample of these stars and discuss implications for their spectral evolution.

Methods.Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra andugrizphotometry were used, together withGaiaData Release 2 parallaxes andGband photometry. These were fitted to synthetic spectra and theoretical photometry derived from model atmospheres.

Results.We found that the DQ hotter thanTeff~ 10 000 K have masses ~ 0.4M⊙larger than the classical DQ, which have masses typical for the majority of white dwarfs (~ 0.6M⊙). We found some evidence that the peculiar DQ below 10 000 K also have significantly larger masses and may thus be the descendants of the hot and warm DQ above 10 000 K. A significant fraction of the hotter objects withTeff> 14 500 K have atmospheres dominated by carbon.
Evaluation Method for Thermal Environment in Residential Houses Using Score on Warmth
Authors: Watanabe Yosuke , Araki Yumiko , Saito Mika , Chen Chaichang , Imazu Misa , Kagiya Shin-ichi , Fujimura Hiroko , Tsuda Keiko , Tanabe Shin-ichi
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to verify whether the score on warmth corresponds to the actual rating of subjects with regard to thermal comfort and satisfaction. Experiments were carried out in an experimental house in a climate chamber under five different thermal conditions, in which different combinations of air and floor temperatures were controlled by floor heating or air-conditioning systems. Twenty-four subjects rated their thermal sens2ation and satisfaction in each condition, and evaluated the thermal environment on a 100-point scale. The results of this experiment are as follows. It was suggested that score on warmth based on operative temperature and floor temperature more appropriately evaluates the living environment in Japan than the Predicted Mean Vote model, which assumes uniformity of the thermal environment. The score on warmth is considered a useful thermal environment index, which evaluates the comfort and satisfaction of residential houses in Japan. The score on warmth was 2.8 points when the percentage of comfort rating was more than 80%, and was 3.0 points when the percentage was more than 90%. In conclusion, these results show that it is possible to predict the risk of catching a cold in winter using the score on warmth.