bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-, Four-, and Five-Day Microcycles: The Normality in Professional Football
Authors: Gualtieri Antonio , Vicens-Bordas Jordi , Rampinini Ermanno , Ferrari Bravo Duccio , Beato Marco
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to quantify training and match-day (MD) load during 3-, 4-, and 5-day microcycles in professional adult football, as well as to analyze the effect of the microcycle length on training load produced the day after the match (MD + 1) and the day before the match (MD − 1). Methods: The study involved 20 male professional football players whose external and internal loads were monitored for a whole season. The training exposure, total distance covered, high-speed-running distance, sprint distance (SD), individual SD above 80% of the individual maximum velocity (D > 80%), and the number of accelerations and decelerations were quantified, as well as rating of perceived exertion and session rating of perceived exertion training load. Results: Microcycle length affected most of the variables of interest: high-speed-running distance (F = 9.04, P < .01), SD (F = 13.90, P < .01), D > 80% (F = 20.25, P < .01), accelerations (F = 10.12, P < .01), and decelerations (F = 6.01, P < .01). There was an interaction effect between the training day and microcycle type for SD (F = 5.46, P < .01), D > 80% (F = 4.51, P < .01), accelerations (F = 2.24, P = .06), and decelerations (F = 3.91, P < .01). Conclusions: Coaches seem to be influenced by shorter microcycles in their training proposal, preferring sessions with a reduced muscle impact during shorter microcycles. Independent of the length of the congested fixture microcycle, the daily load seems to decrease when MD approaches.
Effect of Simultaneous Intervention in Kindergarten and Home to Improve Ball Skills
Authors: Watanabe Masashi , Aoyagi Naoko , Kaminaga Naomi
Published: July 2024

This study examines the effectiveness of a simultaneous intervention in kindergarten and home to improve ball skills in children. Two kindergartens in Ibaraki, Japan, were divided into intervention (N = 98, mean age = 5.5 [0.6] years) and control groups (N = 88, mean age = 5.6 [0.6] years). The intervention was for 4 weeks. Parents received emails with video URLs for four ball activities once a week, and they undertook the activities introduced in the video at home with their children. Before the intervention, a 60-min workshop was held for kindergarten teachers. Ball skills (distance thrown and percentage of ball catches) were assessed pre- and postintervention. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were used to compare the groups and explore the factors related to the improvement of ball skills. As a result, although throwing skills did not change significantly in both groups, there was an increase in the frequency of ball activity at home and perceived change of batting skills, both of which were associated with postthrowing skills. Catching skills improved significantly only in the intervention group; however, no significant factors related to the improvement of these skills were found. Our study demonstrates that simultaneous intervention in kindergarten and home may contribute to improve catching skills over a short period of time.
Global Physical Activity, Active Commuting to School, and Sedentary Behavior Among Latin American Adolescents: Global School-Based Student Health Survey and the National School Health Survey
Authors: da Silva Juliana Ilídio , de Souza Andrade Amanda Cristina , Muraro Ana Paula
Published: July 2024

Background: This study aimed to compare the overall prevalence, stratified by sex and age group of global physical activity (GPA), active commuting to school (ACS), and sedentary behavior (SB) among adolescents from ten Latin American countries, and to assess the correlation of Development Index with the indicators. Methods: This research is grounded on data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (2009–2015) and the 2015 Brazilian National School Health Survey. The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for GPA (≥5 d/wk), ACS (≥1 d/wk), and SB (>2 h/d) were calculated using the chi-square test to compare the sexes (male; female) and age group (≤13 y; 14 y; 15 y; ≥16 y). We also performed Pearson correlation analysis with the Human Development Index. Results: The prevalence of indicators ranged from 16.1% to 28.2% for GPA, from 56.7% to 71.2% for ACS, and from 20.7% to 62.6% for SB. Boys generally had a higher prevalence of GPA and ACS, and girls had a higher prevalence of SB. The prevalence of the indicators by age group varied between countries, with significant differences observed in some, depending on each indicator. A positive correlation was observed between Human Development Index, GPA, and SB. Conclusion: Health promotion policies must include guidelines that encourage and promote a more active and less sedentary lifestyle among young people in Latin America, considering specific groups, the local socioeconomic context, and differences between countries.
Changes in the Perceptions of the Neighborhood Environment and Physical Activity Patterns Among Mexican Americans on the Texas–Mexico Border
Authors: Heredia Natalia I. , Kyung Park Soo , Lee MinJae , Mitchell-Bennett Lisa , Yeh Paul , Gowen Rose , Rodriguez Arturo , Lee Miryoung , Reininger Belinda M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Little research on the association of neighborhood environment with physical activity in resource-poor communities has been done. This study assessed changes in perceptions of the neighborhood environment and the association between those perceptions and physical activity in Mexican Americans on the Texas–Mexico border in an area where there would be community efforts to enhance pedestrian and cycling infrastructure and programming. Methods: We analyzed data from a population-based cohort of Mexican American individuals on the Texas–Mexico border. From 2008 to 2018, interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect perceptions of neighborhood environment and physical activity at baseline, 5- and 10-year follow-ups, and at other ancillary study visits, with an average of 3 data points per participant. We conducted multivariable longitudinal logistic regression analyses to assess if the changes in odds of positive perceptions of the neighborhood environment over the study years differed by physical activity patterns. Results: The sample (n = 1036) was mostly female (71%), born in Mexico (70%), and had no health insurance (69%). We saw improvements in the perceptions of several neighborhood environment attributes from 2008 to 2018, though we saw different longitudinal trajectories in these perceptions based on an individual’s longitudinal physical activity patterns. By 2014–2018, we saw significantly higher positive perceptions of the neighborhood environment for those who consistently met physical activity guidelines compared with those who did not (adjusted rate ratio = 1.12, P = .049). Discussion: We found that perceptions of many neighborhood environment attributes improved between 2008 and 2018, and that overall positive perceptions were associated with consistently meeting physical activity guidelines over time.
(Un)Doing Gender Inequalities in Sport Organizations
Authors: Knoppers Annelies , van Doodewaard Corina , Spaaij Ramón
Published: July 2024

Gender can be seen not only as a binary category but also as a performance or doing that is shaped by, and shapes organizational processes and structures that are deeply embedded in (sport) organizations in multiple and complex ways. The purpose of this paper is to explore strategies for addressing the undoing of gender in sport organizations with the use of an overarching or meta-approach. Strategies that aim to undo gender require a recognition of the complexity of regimes of inequality and the need to use incremental steps in the form of small wins while acknowledging change is not linear. The complexity and multiplicity of the gendering of sport organizations should, therefore, be considered a wicked problem. The naming of heterotopias can provide directions or goals for small wins and for addressing the wicked problem of the doing of gender in sport organizations.
Videographic Variability of Triple and Quintuple Horizontal Hop Performance
Authors: Sharp Anthony P. , Neville Jonathon , Diewald Shelley N. , Oranchuk Dustin J. , Cronin John B.
Published: July 2024

Context: Horizontal hops can provide insight into how athletes can tolerate high-intensity single-leg stretch loads and are commonly used in athlete monitoring and injury management. Variables like flight, contact, and total time provide valuable diagnostic information to sports science professionals. However, gold-standard assessment tools (eg, 3-dimensional motion capture, force plates) require monetary and technological resources. Therefore, we used a tablet and free software to determine the between-rater, within-rater, and test–retest variability of the temporal events of multiple horizontal hop tests. Design: Reliability study. Methods: Nine healthy males (20.8 [1.3] y, 71.4 [9.8] kg, 171.7 [4.5] cm) across various university sports teams and clubs volunteered and performed several triple (3-Hop) and quintuple (5-Hop) horizontal hops over 3 testing sessions. Six raters detected temporal events from video to determine between-rater variability, while a single rater quantified within-session and test–retest variability. The temporal variables of flight time, ground contact time for each individual hop, and the total time of each hoping series were determined. The consistency of measures was interpreted using the coefficient of variation and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: Good to excellent between-rater consistency was observed for all hops (ICC = .85–1.00). Absolute (coefficient of variation ≤ 2.0%) and relative consistency (ICC = .98–1.00) was excellent. Test–retest variability showed acceptable levels of absolute consistency (coefficient of variation ≤ 8.7%) and good to excellent consistency in 10/16 variables (ICC = .81–.93), especially those later in the hopping cycle. Conclusions: A tablet and free digitizing software are reliable in detecting temporal events during multiple horizontal hops, which could have exciting implications for power diagnostics and return-to-play decisions. Therefore, rehabilitation and performance professionals can confidently utilize the highly accessible equipment from this study to track multiple hop performances.
High School Girls’ Volleyball Athletes’ Self-Reported Management of Pain, Intentions to Report Overuse Injuries, and Intentions to Adhere to Medical Advice for Treating Overuse Injuries
Authors: Biese Kevin M. , Godejohn Abigail , Ament Kamille , Luedke Lace , Schmidt W. Daniel , Wallace Brian , Sipes Robert C.
Published: July 2024

Context: Girls’ high school volleyball is a popular sport with a high rate of overuse injuries and sport specialization. Health professionals perceive that high school athletes are reluctant to follow treatment plans involving sport activity reduction. This study’s purpose was to describe high school girls’ volleyball athletes’ self-reported shoulder and knee pain, the likelihood of adhering to medical advice, and the association of factors that influence the likelihood of reporting overuse injuries and sport specialization. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Participants completed an online survey (demographics, sport participation measures, shoulder and knee pain information, medical adherence likelihood [4-point Likert: not at all likely to extremely likely], and factors influencing overuse injury reporting intentions). A 2 × 2 chi-square analysis compared factors that influence athletes’ intentions to “not report an overuse injury” (eg, I thought my coach would get mad; yes/no) and sport specialization (nonhighly specialized/highly specialized athletes). Results: There were 150 participants (highly specialized = 56%, grade: ninth = 33%, 10th = 28%, 11th = 22%, 12th = 17%). At least 60% reported shoulder and knee pain related to an overuse mechanism. Most reportedly did not seek rehabilitation led by a medical provider (shoulder pain = 66%, knee pain = 60%). Only 11% of athletes reported they were “extremely likely” to rest from sporting activity during the regular season if advised by a medical professional. Highly specialized athletes were more likely to report the pursuit of a college scholarship as a factor that influences their intention to report an overuse injury compared to nonhighly specialized athletes (13% vs 3%, respectively, P = .04). Conclusions: Most girls’ volleyball athletes did not treat their pain with guided rehabilitation, which may increase their risk of a worse overuse injury or even acute injury. Clinicians, athletes, parents, and coaches need to work together to create a sport culture that empowers athletes to discuss their pain and overuse injuries with medical professionals.
Initial Validation of the Teaching Methods Scale in Physical Education
Authors: Leo Francisco M. , Moreno Alberto , Llanos-Muñoz Rubén , Pulido Juan J. , López-Gajardo Miguel A.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Drawing on current theoretical perspectives on teaching methods (i.e., constructivism, cognitivism, or behaviorism), the present research developed a scale to assess students’ perceptions of teaching methods in physical education. Method: Four studies were conducted to design and analyze the psychometric properties of this scale: (a) to create the scale through a think-aloud protocol (n = 4) and an expert panel (n = 4), (b) to test the initial factor structure (nStudy 2 = 465), (c) to reevaluate the psychometric structure with an expert panel and a cross-sectional study (nStudy 3 = 1,420), and (d) to confirm the scale structure and test concurrent validity and factorial invariance (nStudy 4 = 1,208). Results: These conjoint efforts identified a four-factor structure underlying the teaching methods in physical education (constructivist, cognitivist, behaviorist, and laissez-faire methods) and provided preliminary evidence for its validity and reliability. Conclusion: The teaching methods in physical education enables researchers to systematically examine students’ perceptions of teaching methods in the PE class.
Listening to the Body in Physical Education and Sport
Authors: Dania Aspasia , Lorenz Laura
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Within physical education (PE) and sport, the body is constituted by ideas and discourses that legitimize certain forms of truth about image, health, and competence. This study used the Listening Guide method to explore voices in undergraduate students’ experiences of the body in relation to dominant PE and sport discourses. Method: Participants were four undergraduate third-year students (2 male, 2 female, aged 20–25 years) attending a 4-year 240 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System Bachelor program in PE and sport science. Interviews were analyzed using a Foucauldian perspective on the working of discourses and power, via the four steps of the Listening Guide. Results: We identified joy of life (body as nature) and guiding (living norms) voices when participants referred to PE and struggle (body as machine) and questioning (functionality norms) voices when they talked about sport. Discussion/Conclusion: Voices spoke while moving between a “pull to train” paradigm and a “push back and think” perspective, aligning with the discursive logic of participants’ social context. This discursive logic transmitted ways of constituting knowledge about the body, together with social practices, or forms of subjectivity that perpetuated dominant understandings. We propose that the Listening Guide method can peel away layers of consciousness related to dominant discourses in PE and sport.
Effectiveness of Motor Imagery on Physical Function in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Prasomsri Jaruwan , Sakai Katsuya , Ikeda Yumi
Published: July 2024

Over the past two decades, motor imagery (MI) has been used as a supplementary treatment approach to regain physical function in patients with stroke. However, the baseline treatment and the quality of study methodology for new treatment approaches have improved. This systematic review examined the evidence published in the past few decades on the effectiveness of MI on upper- and lower-extremity function and functional performance in patients with stroke. A total of 29 randomized controlled and crossover trials that compared MI with other interventions were analyzed. In addition, the outcomes were grouped into upper-, lower-extremity function, and functional performance for data analysis. More than half of the upper-extremity function studies reported improved performance in Fugl-Meyer assessment, Wolf motor function test, and box and block test in both acute and chronic stages. Lower-extremity function and functional performance were primarily investigated using Fugl-Meyer assessment, gait speed and parameters, activities of daily living, and balance ability. When considering only high-quality studies, six of 15 on upper extremity reported significant effects, whereas five of 15 reported nonsignificant effects. In addition, six of 14 studies on gait and balance reported significant effects. This systematic review suggests that both MI training and conventional rehabilitation programs effectively enhance upper limb functional abilities, including improvements in gait speed and balance, in individuals with acute and chronic stroke. Although the studies published during the past few decades showed heterogeneity in onset after stroke, research protocol, training intensity, and research methodology quality, none of them reported the long-term effects.
Dual-Task Cost Effects on Static Posture Control Parameters and Choice Reaction Time in Individuals With and Without Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Janicijevic Danica , Muñoz-López Saray , Román Espinaco Andrés , Gutiérrez-Cruz Carmen
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age and intellectual disability (ID) on postural balance parameters, dual-task cost (DTC), and choice reaction time (CRT). Fifty-eight individuals with ID and 55 peers without ID performed a postural stance balance task under two conditions: a single task with eyes open and dual task involving an additional cognitive task (light sequence). Four postural balance parameters (total displacement, total sway area, mediolateral, and anteroposterior dispersion), cost of the dual task ([DTC%] = [(single-task performance − dual-task performance)/single-task performance] × 100), and CRT were recorded, calculated, and analyzed. All postural control parameters reflected poorerperformance during the dual-task condition, nevertheless, DTC was significantly higher only in individuals with ID and only for the total sway area, F(1, 111) = 5.039, p = .027, and mediolateral dispersion, F(1, 111) = 6.576, p = .012. CRT was longer in individuals with ID compared with the individuals without ID, F(1, 111) = 94.979, p ≤ .001, while age did not have a significant effect on the DTC nor on the CRT, F(1, 111) = 0.074, p = .786. In conclusion, an additional cognitive task during the postural balance task had a detrimental effect on various postural balance parameters, leading to increased DTC in terms of total sway area, mediolateral dispersion, and prolonged CRT in individuals with ID.
Phase Angle and Body Composition as Predictors of Fitness and Athletic Performance in Adolescent Boxers
Authors: Ayala-Guzmán César Iván , Ortiz-Hernandez Luis , Escudero Malpica Cristian , Macias Rosas Alejandro , Castro Avila Jesus Ivan
Published: July 2024

Background: Phase angle (PhA) is an indicator of cellular health, function, and integrity. PhA has been considered an indicator of nutritional and health status, but it is uncertain whether it could be used as a fitness or athletic performance indicator. Objective: To analyze the relationship between PhA and the fitness and athletic performance of adolescent boxers and to know whether this association is independent of body composition. Methods: Thirty-seven trained youth boxers (15–18 y old) participated in the study. Participants underwent anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance assessments. The following tests were conducted: Fitness-Gram battery; speed, agility, and quickness; ball throws; punch impact force; bench press maximal strength; and vertical and horizontal jumps. Linear regression models were estimated and adjusted by covariates. Results: The PhA was related to upper-limb strength. Nevertheless, in linear regression models, after adjusting models by body composition, only PhA remained as a predictor of relative maximal strength. The PhA was not a predictor of speed, agility, and quickness; cardiorespiratory fitness; or lower-limb power, in which adiposity was the main predictor of fitness. Conclusions: In adolescent boxers, PhA can predict upper-limb maximal strength independently of bioelectrical impedance analysis premises. However, compared with mucle mass, PhA is not a better predictor of upper-limb maximal strength.
CP-violating observables of four-body $$B_{(s)} \rightarrow (\pi \pi )(K\bar{K})$$ decays in perturbative QCD
Authors: Yan Da-Cheng , Yan Yan , Rui Zhou
Published: July 2024

In this work, we investigate six helicity amplitudes of the four-body $$B_{(s)} \rightarrow (\pi \pi )(K\bar{K})$$

B

(
s
)

→

(
π
π
)

(
K

K

¯

)

decays via an angular analysis in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach. The $$\pi \pi $$

π
π

invariant mass spectrum is dominated by the vector resonance $$\rho (770)$$

ρ
(
770
)

together with scalar resonance $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

, while the vector resonance $$\phi (1020)$$

ϕ
(
1020
)

and scalar resonance $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

are expected to contribute in the $$K\bar{K}$$

K

K

¯

invariant mass range. We extract the two-body branching ratios $$\mathcal{B}(B_{(s)}\rightarrow \rho \phi )$$

B
(

B

(
s
)

→
ρ
ϕ
)

from the corresponding four-body decays $$B_{(s)}\rightarrow \rho \phi \rightarrow (\pi \pi )(K \bar{K})$$

B

(
s
)

→
ρ
ϕ
→

(
π
π
)

(
K

K

¯

)

based on the narrow width approximation. The predicted $$\mathcal{B}(B^0_{s}\rightarrow \rho \phi )$$

B
(

B
s
0

→
ρ
ϕ
)

agrees well with the current experimental data within errors. The longitudinal polarization fractions of the $$B_{(s)}\rightarrow \rho \phi $$

B

(
s
)

→
ρ
ϕ

decays are found to be as large as $$90\%$$

90
%

, basically consistent with the previous two-body predictions within uncertainties. In addition to the direct CP asymmetries, the triple-product asymmetries (TPAs) originating from the interference among various helicity amplitudes are also presented for the first time. Since the $$B_s^0\rightarrow \rho ^0\phi \rightarrow (\pi ^+\pi ^-)(K^+K^-)$$

B
s
0

→

ρ
0

ϕ
→

(

π
+

π
-

)

(

K
+

K
-

)

decay is induced by both tree and penguin operators, the values of the $$\mathcal{A}^\textrm{CP}_\textrm{dir}$$

A

dir
CP

and $$\mathcal{A}^{1}_{\text {T-true}}$$

A

T-true
1

are calculated to be $$(21.8^{+2.7}_{-3.3})\%$$

(
21
.

8

-
3.3

+
2.7

)
%

and $$(-10.23^{+1.73}_{-1.56})\%$$

(
-
10
.

23

-
1.56

+
1.73

)
%

respectively. While for pure penguin decays $$B^0\rightarrow \rho ^0\phi \rightarrow (\pi ^+\pi ^-)(K^+K^-)$$

B
0

→

ρ
0

ϕ
→

(

π
+

π
-

)

(

K
+

K
-

)

and $$B^+\rightarrow \rho ^+\phi \rightarrow (\pi ^+\pi ^0)(K^+K^-)$$

B
+

→

ρ
+

ϕ
→

(

π
+

π
0

)

(

K
+

K
-

)

, both the direct CP asymmetries and “true” TPAs are naturally expected to be zero in the standard model (SM) due to the absence of the weak phase difference. The “fake” TPAs requiring no weak phase difference are usually none zero for all considered decay channels. The sizable “fake” $$\mathcal{A}^{1}_{\text {T-fake}}=(-20.92^{+6.26}_{-2.80})\%$$

A

T-fake
1

=

(
-
20
.

92

-
2.80

+
6.26

)

%

of the $$B^0\rightarrow \rho ^0\phi \rightarrow (\pi ^+\pi ^-)(K^+K^-)$$

B
0

→

ρ
0

ϕ
→

(

π
+

π
-

)

(

K
+

K
-

)

decay is predicted in the PQCD approach, which provides valuable information on the final-state interactions. The above predictions can be tested by the future LHCb and Belle-II experiments.
Modified lattice Boltzmann model based on the system performance optimization life cycle for decaying isotropic turbulence simulations
Authors: Kareem Waleed Abdel , Assad Tamer , Mohammed Hadeer , El Sherbiny Hamed , Asker Zafer , Izawa Seiichiro
Published: August 2024

A new optimization strategy based on system performance optimization life cycle (SPOLC) is introduced for high-performance lattice Boltzmann simulations of three-dimensional decaying isotropic turbulence. This strategy improves the performance of turbulent flow simulations in periodic boxes at different resolutions using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The strategy improves the performance by modifying the lattice Boltzmann model, mathematical representation, computational algorithm, software implementation, and computing hardware utilization. The modifications include: (1) Establishing the slice concept as a logical grouping layer added to the LBM, applying an aggregation–disaggregation mechanism, enabling two-dimensional (2D) operation on the three-dimensional (3D) model, (2) improving lattice data access pattern by using an alternative one-dimensional (1D) array for numerical representation instead of the 3D cubic representation, (3) major reduction in memory access iterations by switching from function-wise iteration method to lattice-wise iteration method by applying code fusion to the streaming, velocity and collision model functions and iterations, (4) applying process parallelization and data vectorization, (5) achieving a much more efficient utilization of modern compute units by increasing the adaption of stream processing model. Furthermore, a correctness validation process has been applied by conducting lattice-wise value comparisons between the proposed solution output and the original implementation output. Simulations of decaying isotropic turbulence at resolutions ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] using the LBM are carried out for these purposes. Calculations are performed on two systems with distinct specifications, to validate the effectiveness and portability of the SPOLC strategy. The calculation times are significantly reduced after applying the SPOLC strategy on S1 with the lattice Boltzmann relaxation time [Formula: see text] by over [Formula: see text] compared to S2’s original time, increasing to [Formula: see text] at higher resolutions. Different features of the flow fields are depicted and their characteristics are discussed. Thin tubes are visualized, and the energy spectra are studied. All fields are initialized by a forced turbulent field simulated in a previous study using the LBM.
A new kind of Robe’s problem with charged bodies
Authors: Yadav Preeti , Abdullah  , Prasad Sada Nand
Published: July 2024

This paper studies the motion of charged test particle, moving in the outermost layer of a heterogeneous body (taken as first primary) filled with incompressible homogeneous viscous fluid and second primary is taken as point mass, whereas both the primaries are assumed to be charged. We compute the equations of motion of test particle (the third body) and stationary points (circular, axial and out-of-plane stationary points). And also, the stability of stationary points is examined utilizing characteristics equations and Routh–Hurwitz criterion. In addition to this, the numerical analysis of stationary points and their stability are worked out for different values of parameters.
Structural Design and Flight Simulation of Firefighting and Rescue UAV Based on Coaxial Dual Rotors
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Tong Chunming , Ni Yun , Li Ning , Lin Zhuliang
Published: August 2024

The technology of firefighting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) used in fire scene reconnaissance, water disaster investigation, and rescue missions, has become a crucial asset in responding to fires and emergencies. The key to this technology is to swiftly and effectively improve the operational efficiency of UAVs. Based on the premise of rapid and effective rescue, the stability, tracking, and safety of hexacopter UAVs technology improved the design and optimization innovative design of the storage and transportation convenience structure of unmanned aerial vehicles were carried out. An innovative high-pressure ejection mechanism for fire bombs (delivery items) has been designed. So, a portable, efficient, and fast unmanned aerial vehicle structure was designed. The PX4 flight control system was used to conduct simulation experiments on the newly designed UAV, and it was found that the structural design was reasonable, and the UAV was operated smoothly and accurately during the simulation flight. This structural design and simulation analysis can provide new ideas for the design of new fire-fighting equipment.
The Monetary Trilemma Need Not Hold in the Short Run: The Case of Hong Kong
Authors: Xue Shan , Willett Thomas D.
Published: July 2024

The monetary trilemma autonomy has been at the heart of a great deal of international monetary analysis. It implies that countries with fixed exchange rates and no capital controls will lose monetary autonomy. What is often not recognized, however, is that the trilemma need not hold in the short run. If capital mobility is less than perfect, then countries can sterilize reserve flows and maintain a degree of monetary autonomy in the short run. Hong Kong has perfect conditions for the trilemma to hold even in the short run. It is a small open economy with a fixed exchange rate and no major capital controls. If the trilemma does not hold for Hong Kong in the short run, then it is likely to not hold for many other countries either. We investigate this issue using two approaches. One is to estimate the effects of changes in US interest rates on those in Hong Kong. As with earlier literature, we find that the pass-through is substantially less than one, indicating imperfect capital mobility. The second is to estimate whether Hong Kong has been able to engage in some degree of sterilization. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority uses a measure of the monetary base that differs from the standard International Monetary Fund definition. We test both measures and find evidence of partial sterilization of international reserve flows. These tests indicate that Hong Kong does have a degree of short-term monetary autonomy.
Navigating the labyrinth of smart contract financial derivatives: Unraveling technical detail and application
Authors: Agarwal Ekansh , Singh Manav , Chawre Naman , Sampat Aum , Sharma Aparna
Published: July 2024

This research paper delves into the intricate world of smart contract derivatives, aiming to unravel the technical intricacies and explore their applications. Smart contract derivatives represent a burgeoning intersection of blockchain technology and financial instruments, providing decentralized and automated solutions for derivative trading. The paper navigates through the complex landscape of smart contract derivatives, addressing both the technical aspects of their implementation and the diverse range of applications they unlock. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, case studies, and real-world examples, this research aims to provide a holistic understanding of the challenges, opportunities, and implications associated with smart contract derivatives. By comprehensively addressing both the technical intricacies and practical applications of smart contract derivatives, this study contributes valuable insights into the rapidly evolving field of decentralized finance.
Apicomplexan Pore-Forming Toxins
Authors: Carruthers Vern B.
Published: August 2024

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are released by one cell to directly inflict damage on another cell. Hosts use PFTs, including members of the membrane attack complex/perforin protein family, to fight infections and cancer, while bacteria and parasites deploy PFTs to promote infection. Apicomplexan parasites secrete perforin-like proteins as PFTs to egress from infected cells and traverse tissue barriers. Other protozoa, along with helminth parasites, utilize saposin-like PFTs prospectively for nutrient acquisition during infection. This review discusses seminal and more recent advances in understanding how parasite PFTs promote infection and describes how they are regulated and fulfill their roles without causing parasite self-harm. Although exciting progress has been made in defining mechanisms of pore formation by PFTs, many open questions remain to be addressed to gain additional key insights into these remarkable determinants of parasitic infections.
A Market Strategy for Joint Profitability of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Retailers: Considering Electricity Price Fluctuations and Users’ Service Fee Response
Authors: Huang Yuxiang , Chen Haoyong , Cai Ying , Zhang Yang , Li Dongxu , Ling Yushi
Published: July 2024

With the introduction of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutralizing” initiative, China is undergoing a positive energy transition, emphasizing the replacement of traditional fossil fuels with clean energy sources. As part of this transition, numerous megacities are progressively endorsing electric vehicles (EVs) as substitutes for traditional fuel‐based vehicles. The expanding use of EVs, however, has presented challenges related to the randomness and volatility of EV charging. In response to this, many regions in China have mandated the implementation of the time‐of‐use (ToU) scheme. This scheme divides the day into distinct periods such as “valley,” “flat,” “peak,” and “critical peak,” each associated with varying charging prices. According to the management regulations, the fees collected from vehicle owners at the charging station are divided into two parts: ToU electricity value and service fees. The former is jointly determined by the power company and the government, while the latter is set by the charging station operator. To overcome the limitation on profitability, this paper proposes a scheme enabling charging stations and retailers to participate in the day‐ahead (DA) market. The proposed approach involves a two‐stage decision‐making method. By analyzing the charging habits of local residents, the paper constructs a quadratic curve for dynamic service fees and charging rates. The objective function is then utilized to adjust the anticipated charging load curve. Prior to the DA‐bidding process, an uncertain set of scenarios for electricity prices and charging loads is generated. The conditional value‐at‐risk (C‐VaR) method is employed to balance expected benefits and risks amid uncertain scenarios.
CFD Modeling of a Pitching Airfoil for the Estimation of the Performance Curve in an H‐Rotor Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Santamaria Luis , Fernández Oro Jesús M. , García-Regodeseves Pedro , Velarde-Suárez Sandra , Pandal Adrián
Published: July 2024

In this work, the performance curve of a straight‐bladed vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is estimated through a CFD two‐dimensional modeling of a single airfoil under unsteady pitching motion. A typical URANS approach, with a k‐ω SST turbulence model and UDF functionalities, has been employed to simulate a fixed airfoil under variable inlet conditions. Induction factors are previously computed using a simple stream tube model (SSTM) in an iterative process. Frequencies and amplitudes of the pitching motion are modified to simulate the operative range of tip‐speed ratios (TSRs) for the wind turbine. The obtained results have been compared with experimental curves of a 0.5 solidity turbine measured in a wind tunnel. The experimental results of the wind‐tunnel turbine provide a maximum Cp value of 0.22 at a TSR = 3.1, while the numerical procedure estimates a value of 0.33, also at TSR = 3.1. Despite of the discrepancy, due to the 2D assumptions in the simulation, the procedure makes reliable and more accurate estimations than traditional analytical models with steady coefficients. This alternative methodology significantly reduces the computational cost. Moreover, these nonrotating simulations allow more robust and practical routines that can be easily implemented in optimization algorithms for the design of VAWTs.
Flexible Manganese Oxide Electrode Fabricated with Heat‐Treated Buckypaper for Supercapacitor
Authors: Lee Joonyoung , Kwon Yongchai
Published: July 2024

With the emergence of new technologies, wearable and portable devices become essential tools for various applications, which are flexibly designed. In this situation, flexible supercapacitors with fast charge and discharge cycles are needed as their power source. This study introduces the flexible pseudocapacitor electrode fabricated by electrodeposition of manganese oxide (MnO2) onto heat‐treated hydrophilic buckypaper (BP) molded on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Here, the heat treatment of BP that is optimized by a proper adoption of thermogravimetric analysis is performed to enhance the electrodeposition efficiency of MnO2. Then, proper hydrophilicity of the heat‐treated BP (H‐BP) and successful preparation of MnO2/H‐BP@PDMS electrode is well confirmed by electrochemical, spectroscopical, and optical measurements. In their evaluations, it is found that heat treatment of BP is more important factor than electrodeposition time to improve the electrodeposition efficiency of MnO2 under the same aqueous electrolyte. With that, such optimally prepared MnO2/H‐BP@PDMS electrode shows a high electrical double layer and excellent specific capacitance of 1.31 F/cm2 at 1 mA/cm2, which are better results than those of other electrodes.
Acute Leukaemia following Dengue Infection in Nepalese Patients: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Agrawal Anushka , Lamichhane Pratik , Baral Rituraj , Thapaliya Sabin
Published: July 2024

Dengue is a mosquito‐borne, acute febrile illness caused by dengue viruses. The association between hematological malignancies and dengue infection is obscure, and the literature on this occurrence is also limited. We report two cases of acute leukaemia following dengue infection in a recent outbreak in Nepal. Our case reports suggest a possible association of acute leukaemia with dengue infection. The relationship should be explored further with observational studies.
Intention of Retention and Its Predictors among PHC Workers in Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrashdi Adel , Rabbani Unaib
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The turnover of healthcare professionals is seen to be a significant contributor to the shortage of healthcare personnel. This study aimed to evaluate the level and predictors of retention intention among primary health workers (PHWs) in Buraidah, KSA. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among primary healthcare workers in Buraidah, Qassim between the period from October 2023 to March 2024. Data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire. The used scales in the study were the Job Autonomy Scale (JAS) and the Anticipated Turnover Scale (ATS). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: A total of 194 healthcare workers were enrolled in this study; there were 50.5% males and 35.1% physicians. The mean ± SD of turnover intention was 37.2 ± 7.92 out of a maximum possible score of 75. The mean score of turnover intention was significantly affected by job title (p < 0.001), education level (p = 0.005), marital status (p = 0.004), attending certificate programs (p = 0.002), work method autonomy (p < 0.001), and total autonomy score (p = 0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed that the predictors of turnover intention were other job titles B 8.53 (95% CI: 6.17–10.89), ever married B –3.87 (95% CI: −5.80 to 1.94), and not attending certificate programs B –5.55 (95% CI: −8.46 to −2.63). Job autonomy did not show any association with turnover intention. Conclusion: Turnover intention was a significant problem among PHW in Buraidah, Saudi Arabia. The predictors of turnover intention included job title, marital status, and attending or having certificate programs. There is a need to address the issue of turnover intention among PHWs to ensure the provision of quality primary healthcare services to the population.
Time-Restricted Feeding Reduces Atherosclerosis in LDLR KO Mice but Not in ApoE Knockout Mice
Authors: Chaix Amandine , Lin Terry , Ramms Bastian , Cutler Roy G. , Le Tiffani , Lopez Catherine , Miu Phuong , Pinto Antonio F.M. , Saghatelian Alan , Playford Martin P. , Mehta Nehal N. , Mattson Mark P. , Gordts Philip , Witztum Joseph L. , Panda Satchidananda
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Dyslipidemia increases cardiovascular disease risk, the leading cause of death worldwide. Under time-restricted feeding (TRF), wherein food intake is restricted to a consistent window of <12 hours, weight gain, glucose intolerance, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia are all reduced in mice fed an obesogenic diet. LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) mutations are a major cause of familial hypercholesterolemia and early-onset cardiovascular disease.

METHODS:

We subjected benchmark preclinical models, mice lacking LDLR-knockout or ApoE knockout to ad libitum feeding of an isocaloric atherogenic diet either ad libitum or 9 hours TRF for up to 13 weeks and assessed disease development, mechanism, and global changes in hepatic gene expression and plasma lipids. In a regression model, a subset of LDLR-knockout mice were ad libitum fed and then subject to TRF.

RESULTS:

TRF could significantly attenuate weight gain, hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerosis in mice lacking the LDLR-knockout mice under experimental conditions of both prevention and regression. In LDLR-knockout mice, increased hepatic expression of genes mediating β-oxidation during fasting is associated with reduced VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) secretion and lipid accumulation. Additionally, increased sterol catabolism coupled with fecal loss of cholesterol and bile acids contributes to the atheroprotective effect of TRF. Finally, TRF alone or combined with a cholesterol-free diet can reduce atherosclerosis in LDLR-knockout mice. However, mice lacking ApoE, which is an important protein for hepatic lipoprotein reuptake do not respond to TRF.

CONCLUSIONS:

In a preclinical animal model, TRF is effective in both the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis in LDLR knockout mice. The results suggest TRF alone or in combination with a low-cholesterol diet can be a lifestyle intervention for reducing cardiovascular disease risk in humans.
Childhood Adiposity and Risk of Major Clinical Heart Diseases in Adulthood: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Xiong Yan , Tang Yijia , Zhou Jie , Tian Yang , Chen Fuli , Li Gang , Huang Hui , Huang Hao , Zhou Long
Published: August 2024

Background

The causal relationship between childhood adiposity and adult risk of heart diseases has not been clearly demonstrated. This study aims to ascertain whether genetically predicted childhood body mass index (BMI) and childhood obesity are causally associated with adult coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary heart disease.

Methods and Results

To investigate the causative relationships and underlying mechanisms between childhood adiposity and adult heart diseases, 3 main methods of Mendelian randomization were used: 2‐sample Mendelian randomization, multivariable Mendelian randomization with controlling for several cardiometabolic risk variables, and mediation analysis. Every 1‐SD rise in genetically predicted childhood body mass index was associated with 24% (odds ratio [OR], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.12–1.37]), 28% (OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.14–1.42]), 28% (OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.14–1.42]), and 27% (OR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.04–1.49]) higher risk of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, respectively. Every 1‐unit increase in log‐odds in childhood obesity was associated with 11% (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.06–1.16]), 14% (OR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04–1.23]), 10% (OR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.03–1.18]), and 20% (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.08–1.32]) higher risk of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, respectively. The link between childhood adiposity and adult heart diseases was found to be mediated by high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions

Our findings support the causal relationships between childhood adiposity and risk of adult coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Blood lipids, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes are factors that mediate the aforementioned associations.
Resolving the conflictive phylogenetic relationships of Oceanites (Oceanitidae: Procellariiformes) with the description of a new species
Authors: NORAMBUENA HERALDO V. , BARROS RODRIGO , JARAMILLO ÁLVARO , MEDRANO FERNANDO , GASKIN CHRIS , KING TANIA , BAIRD KAREN , HERNÁDEZ CRISTIÁN E.
Published: July 2024

The family Oceanitidae, formerly considered a subfamily of Hydrobatidae, includes all the small storm-petrels of the southern hemisphere. The ancestor-descendent relationships and evolutionary history of one of its genera, Oceanites, have been partially studied, yielding contrasting results. We revised the phylogenetic relationships of this group using Bayesian inference (BI) based on new sequence data of the mitochondrial gene Cytb and linear morphological measurements of all species and five subspecies-level taxa in Oceanites, including a new taxon from the Chilean Andes. Our BI results show that the Oceanites genus is monophyletic and composed of four well-supported clades (posterior probability > 0.95): (1) chilensis; (2) exasperatus; (3) gracilis, pincoyae, and barrosi sp. nov.; and (4) oceanicus and galapagoensis. The species O. chilensis is a basal clade within Oceanites. According to our time-calibrated tree, the split between Oceanites and the other genera in Family Oceanitidae is estimated to be ~35.9 Mya, and the oldest divergence within Oceanites (the split between O. chilensis and other Oceanites) was dated to the early Miocene, around c. 21.3 Mya. The most probable geographic origin of Oceanites is the Southern Ocean. The morphological data suggest continuous size variation between Oceanites taxa, ranging from smallest in gracilis to largest in exasperatus. Based on our phylogenetic hypothesis, and morphological analyses, we suggest elevating to species status the taxa galapagoensis, chilensis, and exasperatus, and we describe a new taxon barrosi sp. nov., thus recognizing a total of seven species within the genus Oceanites.
First records of some coral reef-associated brachyuran crabs from the Nicobar archipelago, India
Authors: PADATE VINAY P. , CUBELIO SHERINE SONIA , TAKEDA MASATSUNE
Published: July 2024

The coral reefs off the Andaman and Nicobar archipelagos harbour some of the world’s diverse reef-associated crustacean fauna, which have not been adequately surveyed. A recent faunal survey in the Andaman Sea on-board the Fishery Oceanographic Research Vessel Sagar Sampada (cruise number 388) revealed a rich diversity of coral reef-associated brachyuran crabs. The article reports four genera, Singhaplax Serène & Soh, 1976, Cavoportunus Nguyen & Ng, 2010, Cyrtocarcinus Ng & Chia, 1994 and Visayax Mendoza & Ng, 2008 occurring in Indian waters for the first time. Seven species namely Singhaplax ockelmanni (Serène, 1971), Urnalana angulata (Rathbun, 1911), Pseudolambrus confragosus (Calman, 1900), Cavoportunus dubius (Laurie, 1906), Cyrtocarcinus truncatus (Rathbun, 1906), Visayax osteodictyon Mendoza & Ng, 2008, and Xanthias joanneae Mendoza, 2013, are likewise reported for the first time from Indian waters.