bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Laboratory Parameters and Outcomes in Perforation Peritonitis Patients before and after Peritoneal Drain Placement: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kumar Utkarsh , Singla Deepak Kumar , Agrawal Nivesh , Singh Anjali , Adnan Md , Maurya Abhishek Kumar , Gupta Mudit
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Patients with perforation peritonitis present in the Emergency Department with various causes, but bowel perforation is the most frequent cause. These patients often arrive late at tertiary centres, resulting in severe peritoneal contamination and septic shock. Therefore, preoperative peritoneal drain placement provides adequate drainage and better outcomes in such cases. Aim: To compare various clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with perforation peritonitis before and after the placement of a peritoneal drain, prior to any definitive surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery at Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College in Karnal, Haryana, India, from October 2022 to June 2023. All cases of perforation peritonitis that were critically-ill or in shock upon presentation in the emergency department were planned for intraperitoneal drain placement before definitive surgery. A total of 140 patients were enrolled in the study, and their clinical parameters (temperature, pulse rate, SpO2, and urine output) and laboratory parameters (such as leucocyte count, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca++), pH, base excess, bicarbonate values, lactate, Random Blood Sugar (RBS), and haematocrit) were compared before and 24 hours after drain placement. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.03±18.06 years, and 116 (82.85%) of the cases were male. The most common comorbid condition was pulmonary disease {Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disese (COPD)/Asthma}, diagnosed in 96 (86.57%) cases. The most common perforation site was duodenal, followed by gastric and ileal, observed in 65 cases (46.42%), 23 (16.34%) cases, and 21 (15%) cases, respectively. There was a significant improvement in clinical parameters such as temperature, pulse rate, Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SpO2 ), and urine output after drain placement (p-value <0.001). There was also an improvement in laboratory parameters including leucocyte count, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca++), pH, base excess, and bicarbonate values (p-value <0.001). The mortality rate was 20%, with 28 cases resulting in death. Conclusion: Although preoperative intraperitoneal drain placement is not a standard surgical procedure for patients with perforation peritonitis, it resuscitates and stabilises the patient, thereby helping in reducing morbidity and mortality postoperatively.
CONCEPT OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING IN AYURVEDA: A REVIEW
Authors: Jain Samprati , Rathnakar L V , C Swathi , B S Amrutha , Chaturvedi Ashutosh
Published: December 2023

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding is one of the most common problems seen in a gynecological OPD. It is characterized by excessive bleeding per vaginum in amount and duration both. Asirgdhara is a condition in which there is Dirana (excess excretion) of Raja (menstrual blood). Abnormal Uterine Bleeding is almost parallel to Asrigdhar mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. Vata and Pitta Dosha vitiation mainly leads to Asrigdhar hence drugs predominant in Kashaya Rasa and Pitta Shamak properties are used. Kashaya Rasa plays an important role in relieving bleeding due to Stambhak property. Rakta Dhatu Poshak Ahar should be advised. Therefore, treatment line should be Raktavardhaka and Raktasthambhak. Hence this study aims in understanding what is Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, it's pathogenesis and treatment modalities according to both Ayurveda and modern science.
IoT Security in the Era of Ubiquitous Computing: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Addressing Vulnerabilities and Promoting Resilience
Authors: Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji , Okunleye Olalekan Jamiu , Olabanji Samuel Oladiipo , Asonze Christopher Uzoma , Ajayi Samson Abidemi
Published: December 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly become a pivotal, transformative force, seamlessly integrating billions of physical devices through sophisticated networks of embedded sensors, software, and internet connectivity. This expansive and interconnected ecosystem offers a broad spectrum of applications, significantly benefiting urban infrastructure with innovative solutions, enhancing industrial operations through optimization, and enriching consumer experiences with smart devices for safety and convenience. Despite the numerous benefits, the widespread adoption of IoT technologies has challenges, particularly in security and privacy. The proliferation of IoT devices has opened up new avenues for potential cyber threats, posing risks of data breaches and privacy violations. An in-depth analysis of notable IoT security incidents, such as the 2015 Jeep Hack, the Owlet WiFi Baby Heart Monitor Hack, and the TRENDnet Webcam Hack, highlights the critical vulnerabilities inherent in many IoT systems.

Organizations must adopt comprehensive and robust security measures to address these security concerns, including implementing advanced encryption protocols, deploying effective firewalls stringent access control mechanisms, and conducting regular security audits. A multi-layered security architecture becomes essential in mitigating such threats and ensuring the integrity of IoT networks. Furthermore, integrating blockchain technology presents a promising enhancement to IoT security and privacy protocols. Blockchain's inherent features of decentralization, transparency, and immutability offer an additional layer of security, making it more difficult for unauthorized entities to compromise IoT systems.

Equally crucial is the need to elevate IoT security awareness among organizations; this can be achieved through persistent research, fostering collaborations with security experts, and promoting best practices in IoT security. By actively addressing these security challenges, organizations can not only harness the full potential of IoT but also protect their reputations, build trust with stakeholders, and ensure the privacy and safety of their data. Therefore, while IoT presents an array of opportunities for innovation and efficiency, the importance of vigilance in security cannot be overstated. Balancing the benefits of IoT with robust security measures will be vital to realizing its full potential safely and reliably.
Effects of Various Indigenous Ripening Methods on Biochemical Characteristics of Banana Cv. Chenichampa
Authors: Roy Manuranjan , Hazarika Jahnabi , Timung Bamon , Basumatary Swgwmsar
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted with objectives of how the native ripening technique affected the quality parameters of the Chenichampa variety of banana. The ripening techniques used during the period of experiment are as follows: T1 stands for ripening in a covered pit with smoke; T2 stands for ripening tomato fruit; T3 for ripening with paddy straw; T4 stands for ripening in a covered pit without smoke; T5 for ripening with calcium carbide; and T6, or naturally ripening at room temperature, which is the control. The outcome showed that, of all the ripening techniques, fruit ripened with ripe tomatoes maintained the lowest titratable acidity (0.23%), the maximum TSS (21.50%), and the reducing sugar (5.43%). Treatment T2 had the highest recorded moisture content (73.04%) and ash content (1.76%).
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Seed Yield, Quality and Economics of Seed Production in Lucerne during Rabi Season
Authors: Desai Nagappa , Anitha M. S. , Shreenivasa K. R. , Patil Roopa B.
Published: December 2023

The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on seed yield, quality and economics of seed production in Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) at the farm field of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Konehalli, Tiptur taluk of Tumkuru district under southern dry zone of Karnataka during rabi seasons 2017-18. The experiments plots were laid out nine treatments with four replication and Randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results revealed that the maximum fresh herb yield at first harvest of herb (174.07 q/ha), herb yield after harvest of seeds (196.76 q/ha), early flowering (25.52 days), 50% flowering (33.45 days), pod initiation (46.90 days), pod maturation (71.68 days) were recorded during rabi seasons with application of 50 % RDF + 25 % N through vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + VAM. Whereas, minimum fresh herb yield, delayed flowering, pod initiation, pod maturation were recorded with application of 10 t/ha FYM + 100 % N through FYM.

The plants supplied with 50 % RDF + 25 % N through vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + VAM was resulted maximum pod set per cent (57.85 %), number of pods per plant (242.45), pod yield per plant (21.10), pod length (6.42 mm), pod weight (90.10 mg), seed set per cent (63.70 %), number of seeds per pod (5.68), test weight (3.36 g), seed yield (231.02 kg/ha) and highest net return per hectare during rabi season, while, least pod and seed characters, seed yield and net return per hectare were recorded with application of 10 t/ha FYM + 100 % N through FYM. Therefore, plants supplied with 50 % RDF + 25 % N through vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + VAM may be recommended for commercial seed production in Lucerne during rabi season under southern dry zone of Karnataka.
Influence of Various Mulching Techniques and NAA Application on Flowering and Nut Parameters of Cashew Cv. BPP- 8 under Odisha Condition
Authors: Gouda Sonali , Panda P. K. , Sethi Kabita , Jena Chinmaya , Panda R. K.
Published: December 2023

A trial was conducted at All India Coordinated Research Project on Cashew, (OUAT), Ransinghpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha in the year 2021-22 to access the effect of mulches and NAA application on cashew cultivar BPP- 8. The experiment consisted of nine treatments and three replications in a Randomized Block Design. The treatments were T1- Only irrigation, T2- Irrigation + Polythene mulch, T3- Irrigation+ NAA @ 100 ppm, T4- Irrigation + Stone mulch, T5- Irrigation + Residue mulch, T6- Irrigation + Polythene mulch + NAA @ 100 ppm, T7- Irrigation + Stone mulch + NAA @ 100 ppm, T8- Irrigation + Residue mulch + NAA @ 100 ppm, T9- No irrigation (control). Irrigation was applied at the rate of 200 litres per plant after that, the root zone of the plants were covered with different types of mulching materials. NAA @ 100 ppm was sprayed at three stages viz. pre-flowering, flowering stage and after fruit set. The result revealed significantly positive impact of various mulches along with irrigation and NAA application on cashew cultivation. Treatment T6 (Irrigation + Polythene mulch + NAA @ 100 ppm) most effectively improved total number of flowers per panicle (488.80), maximum male flowers (424.94), maximum hermaphrodite flowers (66.42), highest sex ratio (0.136), number of nuts per panicle (4.08), nut yield per tree (12.07 kg), nut retention (27.50 %), nut weight (8.52 g), nut length (3.33 cm) and nut breadth (2.68 cm).
Sustainable Approach of Innovative Wind Turbine Maintenance Using Biohydrogen Fuel Produced from Microalgae
Authors: Saini Arshroop Singh , Mishra Aditya , Sinha Anurag
Published: December 2023

This abstract provides an overview of the sustainable approach to innovative wind turbine maintenance using hydrogen fuel. As the world transitions towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, wind power has emerged as a crucial component of the renewable energy landscape. Wind turbines are key assets in generating this clean energy, and their efficient maintenance is paramount to ensure their long-term viability and performance. This abstract highlights the concept of utilizing hydrogen as a sustainable solution for wind turbine maintenance, addressing issues related to energy storage, transportation, and environmental impact. The adoption of hydrogen as a maintenance fuel is explored in the context of its environmental benefits, cost-effectiveness, and technical feasibility. The abstract emphasizes the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing the sustainability of wind energy systems through innovative hydrogen-based maintenance practices. This research initiative aims to bridge the gap between renewable energy generation and sustainable maintenance methods, offering a promising path towards a cleaner and more eco-friendly future.
The Dark and Dry Well: Hidden Psychotic Disorders in Murakami Haruki’s Novel
Authors: Riveria Zhafira Kania , Purnomo Antonius Rahmat Pujo
Published: December 2023

The personal secrets of humans are just as though a deep and dark well. The peculiarities that occur within human beings not only attract numerous psychiatrists to unravel them but also captivate a Japanese writer, Haruki Murakami. In his novel entitled The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, he conveys subjective experiences through his main character. The novel tells the story of Toru Okada’s subconscious journey. It is where human memories connect with various ancient subconscious thoughts, strange illusions appear, and unheard voices manifest to ordinary humans. These are common indications of schizophrenia symptoms. The research reveals the challenge in identifying this syndrome, as affected individuals become detached from the “true reality.” Consequently, a more structured approach is deemed necessary to facilitate their reintegration. With the assistance of mythology, wherein this narrative serves as a collectively recognized storyline, those trapped within their fantastical worlds can effectively communicate and establish connections with those residing in the “true reality.
Ideological Ambivalence: A Social Semiotic Multimodal Analysis of LGBT Activism in @WhatIsUpIndonesia
Authors: Auliainsani Elda Nisya , Anjarningsih Harwintha Yuhria
Published: December 2023

Many people have attempted to criminalize the LGBT community. This study aims to examine how @WhatIsUpIndonesia negotiates the supported ideology with the dominant ideology in their Instagram posts about criminalizing LGBT people through two different cases; the proposed revision of Indonesia's Criminal Code (RKUHP) and Bogor’s Regional Regulation on the Prevention and Countermeasures Against Sexually Deviant Behavior. A corpus of two posts about the two cases is analyzed using social semiotic multimodal analysis in two steps: textual analysis and visual analysis. This study finds that WIUI negotiates its relatively liberal values with the dominant conservative ideology in Indonesia by choosing ambivalence through the shifting focus and overgeneralizing the issue using recontextualization and memes. In conclusion, two opposing ideologies in social media activism can be negotiated using ambivalence instead of leaning towards only one. However, the limitations of this research prevented a thorough examination of how WIUI interacts with its audience.
The Language of Police Officers Matters: Factors Hampering Workplace English Writing Capability in the South African Police Services (SAPS)
Authors: Kekana Tebogo Johannes , Montle Malesela Edward
Published: December 2023

This article reports on the findings of an exploratory-based study about variables hampering adequate Workplace English writing competency of police officers in the South African Police Services (SAPS). The main assumption in this article is that this poor English writing proficiency that is tailored for the workplace in the as a result of many intertwined and interrelated factors. A quanti-qualitative research approach was adopted. Data was harvested using a questionnaire and in-depth interviews from 203 research participants from various police stations in Gauteng Province of South Africa. Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) was used for analysis of qualitative data. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The investigation was underpinned by Work Integrated Learning (WIL), Genre and NA (Needs Analysis) theories. The investigation found that there is a deficiency of expertise as far as pedagogy is concerned among police trainers. Furthermore, the study revealed that the absence of tertiary qualifications contributes to the problem. Language teaching in the SAPS training colleges is found not to be given adequate emphasis. Lastly, the over-domination of physical training over academic teaching was also a challenge. This investigation underscores the crucial aspect of reflective research as a source of information.
Progressive Dyspnea on Exertion in an 82-Year-Old
Authors: Mathavan Akshay , Mathavan Akash , Ataya Ali
Published: December 2023

An older patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and right lower lobe segmental pulmonary embolism presented with dyspnea that had worsened over 5 years; physical examination and laboratory testing showed jugular venous distension, a cardiac systolic murmur, right ventricular heave, bilateral lower extremity edema to the knees, and elevated brain-type natriuretic peptide level. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
Dementia in Women Using Estrogen-Only Therapy
Authors: Pourhadi Nelsan , Mørch Lina S. , Holm Ellen A. , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Meaidi Amani
Published: December 2023

This study examines the association between use of estrogen-only therapy for perimenopausal and menopausal women and risk of dementia.
Infant Feeding Practices and Metal Concentrations in Children’s Blood
Authors: Smith Anna R. , Thilakaratne Ruwan , Lin Pi-I D. , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Hivert Marie-France , Oken Emily , Cardenas Andres
Published: December 2023

This cohort study assesses the association between 4 infant feeding practices and concentrations of 8 nonessential and 7 essential metals in red blood cells.
A 51-Year-Old Woman With Abnormal Corpus Callosum Signal
Authors: Xie Nina , Sun Qiying
Published: December 2023

A 51-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of progressive memory loss and left limb numbness. Imaging showed multifocal restricted diffusion in the corpus callosum and diffuse subcortical white matter hyperintensities and corpus callosum atrophy. What is your diagnosis?
Trends in HPV Vaccination Before Age 13 Years in the US National Immunization Survey–Teen
Authors: White Jodie L. , Grabowski M. Kate , Quinn Thomas C. , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Patel Eshan U.
Published: December 2023

This survey study uses data from the National Immunization Survey–Teen to examine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in adolescents aged 13 to 17 years, including rates of series completion before age 13 years.
Assessing Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow Competence in the Milestone Era: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Nowicki Katherine D. , Balboni Imelda M. , Cidon Michal J. , Dhanrajani Anita D. , Driest Kyla D. , Fair Danielle C. , Imundo Lisa F. , Mehta Jay J. , Tarvin Stacey E. , Walters Heather M. , Woolnough Leandra C. , Edgar Laura C. , Curran Megan L.
Published: December 2023

Starting in 2015, pediatric rheumatology fellowship training programs were required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education to assess fellows’ academic performance within 21 subcompetencies falling under six competency domains. Each subcompetency had four or five milestone levels describing developmental progression of knowledge and skill acquisition. Milestones were standardized across all pediatric subspecialties. As part of the Milestones 2.0 revision project, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education convened a workgroup in 2022 to write pediatric rheumatology‐specific milestones. Using adult rheumatology's Milestones 2.0 as a starting point, the workgroup revised the patient care and medical knowledge subcompetencies and milestones to reflect requirements and nuances of pediatric rheumatology care. Milestones within four remaining competency domains (professionalism, interpersonal and communication skills, practice‐based learning and improvement, and systems‐based practice) were standardized across all pediatric subspecialties, and therefore not revised. The workgroup created a supplemental guide with explanations of the intent of each subcompetency, 25 in total, and examples for each milestone level. The new milestones are an important step forward for competency‐based medical education in pediatric rheumatology. However, challenges remain. Milestone level assignment is meant to be informed by results of multiple assessment methods. The lack of pediatric rheumatology‐specific assessment tools typically result in clinical competency committees determining trainee milestone levels without such collated results as the foundation of their assessments. Although further advances in pediatric rheumatology fellowship competency‐based medical education are needed, Milestones 2.0 importantly establishes the first pediatric‐specific rheumatology Milestones to assess fellow performance during training and help measure readiness for independent practice.

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Chemoproteomics Reveals Glaucocalyxin A Induces Mitochondria‐Dependent Apoptosis of Leukemia Cells via Covalently Binding to VDAC1
Authors: An Yehai , Zhang Qian , Chen Yu , Xia Fei , Wong Yin‐Kwan , He Hengkai , Hao Mingjing , Tian Jiahang , Zhang Xiaoyong , Luo Piao , Wang Jigang
Published: December 2023

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) that is resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors is one of the deadliest hematologic malignancies, and the T315I mutation in the breakpoint cluster region‐Abelson (BCR‐ABL) kinase domain is the most prominent point mutation responsible for imatinib resistance in CML. Glaucocalyxin A (GLA), a natural bioactive product derived from the Rabdosia rubescens plant, has strong anticancer activity. In this study, the effect and molecular mechanism of GLA on imatinib‐sensitive and imatinib‐resistant CML cells harboring T315I mutation via a combined deconvolution strategy of chemoproteomics and label‐free proteomics is investigated. The data demonstrated that GLA restrains proliferation and induces mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis in both imatinib‐sensitive and resistant CML cells. GLA covalently binds to the cysteine residues of mitochondrial voltage‐dependent anion channels (VDACs), resulting in mitochondrial damage and overflow of intracellular apoptotic factors, eventually leading to apoptosis. In addition, the combination of GLA with elastin, a mitochondrial channel VDAC2/3 inhibitor, enhances mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis in imatinib‐sensitive and ‐resistant CML cells, representing a promising therapeutic approach for leukemia treatment. Taken together, the results show that GLA induces mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis via covalently targeting VDACs in CML cells. GLA may thus be a candidate compound for the treatment of leukemia.
Half‐Valley Ohmic Contact: Contact‐Limited Valley‐Contrasting Current Injection
Authors: Feng Xukun , Lau Chit Siong , Liang Shi‐Jun , Lee Ching Hua , Yang Shengyuan A. , Ang Yee Sin
Published: December 2023

The 2D ferrovalley semiconductor (FVSC) with spontaneous valley polarization offers an exciting material platform for probing Berry phase physics. How FVSC can be incorporated in valleytronic device applications, however, remain an open question. Here, the concept of metal/semiconductor (MS) contact into the realm of valleytronics is generalized. A half‐valley Ohmic contact is proposed based on FVSC/graphene heterostructure, where the two valleys of FVSC separately forms Ohmic and Schottky contacts with those of graphene, thus allowing current to be valley‐selectively injected through the ‘Ohmic’ valley while being blocked in the ‘Schottky’ valley. A theory of contact‐limited valley‐contrasting current injection is developed and such transport mechanism can produce gate‐tunable valley‐polarized injection current. Using RuCl2/graphene heterostructure as an example, a device concept of valleytronic barristor is illustrated, where high valley polarization efficiency and sizable current on/off ratio, can be achieved under experimentally feasible electrostatic gating conditions. These findings uncover contact‐limited valley‐contrasting current injection as an efficient mechanism for valley polarization manipulation, and reveals the potential of valleytronic MS contact as a functional building block of valleytronic device technology.
Advances in Polymer Dielectrics with High Energy Storage Performance by Designing Electric Charge Trap Structures
Authors: Meng Zhaotong , Zhang Tiandong , Zhang Changhai , Shang Yanan , Lei Qingquan , Chi Qingguo
Published: December 2023

Dielectric capacitors have been developed for nearly a century, and all‐polymer film capacitors are currently the most popular. Much effort has been devoted to studying polymer dielectric capacitors and improving their capacitive performance, but their high conductivity and capacitance losses under high electric fields or elevated temperatures are still significant challenges. Although many review articles have reported various strategies to address these problems, to the best of current knowledge, no review article has summarized the recent progress in the high‐energy storage performance of polymer‐based dielectric films with electric charge trap structures. Therefore, this paper first reviews the charge trap characterization methods for polymeric dielectrics and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. The research progress on the design of charge trap structures in polymer dielectric films, including molecular chain optimization, organic doping, blending modification, inorganic doping, multilayered structures, and the mechanisms of the charge trap‐induced enhancement of the capacitive performance of polymers are systematically reviewed. Finally, a summary and outlook on the fundamental theory of charge trap regulation, performance characterization, numerical calculations, and engineering applications are presented. This review provides a valuable reference for improving the insulation and energy storage performance of dielectric capacitive films.
Spatially Dependent Optical Transmissivity of High Aspect Ratio Shape Memory Polymer Micropost Arrays with Tunable Angle
Authors: Xu Yuanhao , Leung Cheuk Wai , Pang Stella W.
Published: December 2023

Shape memory polymer (SMP) is a smart material that can memorize a permanent shape and, when exposed to a certain stimulus, recovers its original shape from a programmed temporary shape. High aspect‐ratio microposts are fabricated using deep reactive‐ion etching and thermal imprint, and are mechanically deformed to temporary bent morphologies. By applying a temperature gradient across this array of bent SMP microposts, they gradually recover at different speed to their original vertical position, starting from the heated end, resulting in a spatial dependence of bending recovery. The gradual recovery phenomenon is employed to illustrate the spatially dependent optical transmissivity of the micropost array, which exhibit different micropost angles. These findings provide evidence for the manipulation of optical transmission characteristics, encompassing diffraction, waveguiding, and depolarization, across various orientations. This high aspect ratio SMP micropost array is potentially useful for various optical devices and applications.
Highly Sensitive and Linear Vibration‐Based Flexible Modulus Sensing System for Human Modulus Monitoring and Disease Prevention
Authors: Luo Zewei , Shen Junhao , Ran Xu , Huang Zepeng , Huang Zaofeng , Wang Chaolun , Cai Chunhua , Lyv Liangjian , Lin Xin , Sun Litao , Chu Junhao , Bi Hengchang , Wu Xing
Published: December 2023

It is important to directly characterize the modulus of objects through wearable systems, which can further develop electronic skin and human‐computer interaction. In this work, a modulus sensing system based on a pressure sensor and vibration module is developed. This resistive pressure sensor exhibits good linearity and sensitivity. Combined with the vibration module to adjust the applied stress and strain, the modulus value of the objects can be directly calculated. The modulus sensing system demonstrates excellent modulus monitoring capabilities in the range of 60‒3000 kPa modulus and high linearity. In addition, it is used to detect modulus values for different parts of the human body and integrate a concept eye mask to prevent and monitor migraine. The system shows the potential to be further applied to wearable devices for human health monitoring and disease prevention.
Unveiled Influence of Sub‐gap Density of States on Low‐Frequency Noise in Si‐Doped ZnSnO TFTs: Does Correlated Mobility Fluctuation Model Suffice?
Authors: Shin Wonjun , Lee Ji Ye , Koo Ryun‐Han , Kim Jangsaeng , Lee Jong‐Ho , Lee Sang Yeol , Lee Sung‐Tae
Published: December 2023

The presence of low‐frequency noise (LFN) in amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is of utmost concern, prompting extensive investigations into the analysis of LFN. However, prior research endeavors have tended to overlook the significance of the sub‐gap density of states (DOS) in the LFN analysis, resulting in an incomplete comprehension. To bridge this knowledge gap, the influence of sub‐gap DOS is demonstrated on LFN in Si‐doped ZnSnO (SZTO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) under various conditions. The SZTO TFTs is intentionally subjected to positive bias stress and hot carrier stress in order to control the sub‐gap DOS and investigate how this change affects the LFN characteristics. It is revealed that the non‐uniform energetic distribution of sub‐gap DOS induces bias‐dependent excess noise in the SZTO TFTs. Additionally, self‐recovery behavior after the HCS is observed, accompanied by a commensurate reduction in 1/f noise. These empirical observations provide evidence that the conventional correlated mobility fluctuation model used to explain LFN in AOS TFTs is insufficient and underscores the critical importance of considering subgap DOS when analyzing LFN of AOS TFTs.
Water‐Soluble Inorganic Binders for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Trivedi Shivam , Pamidi Venkat , Bautista Sebastian Pinto , Shamsudin Farra Nur Aliah , Weil Marcel , Barpanda Prabeer , Bresser Dominic , Fichtner Maximilian
Published: December 2023

Inorganic materials form an emerging class of water‐soluble binders for battery applications. Their favourable physicochemical properties, such as intrinsic ionic conductivity, high thermal stability (>1000 °C), and compatibility to coat a diverse range of electrode materials make them useful binders for lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries. Li and Na containing phosphates and silicates are attractive choices as multifunctional inorganic aqueous binders (IABs). This review discusses these binders' structural, thermal, and ionic properties, followed by exploiting their ionically conducting nature for all‐solid‐state batteries. Subsequently, the application of these compounds as binders and surface coating agents for different anodes and cathodes in lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries is discussed. Eventually, a first evaluation of their environmental impacts and economic aspects is presented as well.
Maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes among Meitei women of Manipur, Northeast India: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Devi Thangjam Chitralekha , Singh Huidrom Suraj
Published: December 2023

Objective

The study examines the outcomes of pregnancies conceived at advanced maternal age (AMA) and maternal complications after childbirth among Meitei women of Northeast India.

Method

A total of 760 women participants were included in this study and compared among women aged ≥35 years, with a reference group of women aged 20–34 years. Data on obstetric characteristics were collected after obtaining consent. The data were compared using chi‐square analysis, and the results were adjusted using a logistic regression model. Decision trees were developed to predict the potential variables associated with preterm delivery and postpartum complication.

Results

In the study, 18.95% of AMA women experienced one or more adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Women with AMA are at significantly increased risk of placenta previa (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.78–8.57), induction of labor (AOR = 3.69, 95%CI: 2.48–5.50), and caesarean section (AOR = 3.42, 95%CI: 2.28–5.12). Moreover, AMA women have a 1.86–2.76 AOR for developing gestational diabetes, pregnancy‐induced hypertension, urinary tract infections, preterm delivery, and postpartum complications. Decision tree analysis revealed that AMA and urban residence independently predict preterm delivery and postpartum complications.

Conclusion

The study's findings confirm the adverse impact of AMA on pregnancy outcomes and postpartum complications. Such issues should be addressed, and counseling on the risk of AMA should be provided, particularly for those in the high‐risk group. Further prospective studies are needed to understand other potential risk factors of APOs and the impact of AMA complications to prevent the associated burden.
Utility of a LangChain and OpenAI GPT‐powered chatbot based on the international consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Workman Alan D. , Rathi Vinay K. , Lerner David K. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Cohen Noam A.
Published: December 2023

Key points

We created a LangChain/OpenAI API‐powered chatbot based solely on International Consensus Statement of Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS).

The ICAR‐RS chatbot is able to provide direct and actionable recommendations.

Utilization of consensus statements provides an opportunity for AI applications in healthcare.
Cerebrovascular reactivity in Alzheimer's disease signature regions is associated with mild cognitive impairment in adults with hypertension
Authors: Aslanyan Vahan , Mack Wendy J. , Ortega Nancy E. , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Williamson Jeff D. , Pa Judy
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION

Vascular risk factors contribute to cognitive decline suggesting that maintaining cerebrovascular health could reduce dementia risk. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), a measure of brain blood vessel elasticity, with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

METHODS

Participants were enrolled in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension (SPRINT‐MIND) magnetic resonance imaging substudy. Baseline CVR in Alzheimer's disease (AD) signature regions were primary variables of interest. The occipital pole and postcentral gyrus were included as control regions.

RESULTS

Higher AD composite CVR was associated with lower MCI risk. No significant associations between inferior temporal gyrus, occipital pole, or postcentral gyrus CVR and MCI risk, or any regional CVR–combined risk associations were observed.

DISCUSSION

CVR in AD signature regions is negatively associated with occurrence of MCI, implicating CVR in AD signature regions as a potential mechanism leading to cognitive impairment.
Redox‐Active Ferrocene Quencher‐Based Supramolecular Nanomedicine for NIR‐II Fluorescence‐Monitored Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yu Meili , Ye Zhuangjie , Liu Siqin , Zhu Yang , Niu Xuegang , Wang Jun , Ao Rujiang , Huang Hongwei , Cai Huilan , Liu Yina , Chen Xiaoyuan , Lin Lisen
Published: December 2023

Real‐time monitoring of hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) generation is crucial for both the efficacy and safety of chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Although ⋅OH probe‐integrated CDT agents can track ⋅OH production by themselves, they often require complicated synthetic procedures and suffer from self‐consumption of ⋅OH. Here, we report the facile fabrication of a self‐monitored chemodynamic agent (denoted as Fc‐CD‐AuNCs) by incorporating ferrocene (Fc) into β‐cyclodextrin (CD)‐functionalized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) via host–guest molecular recognition. The water‐soluble CD served not only as a capping agent to protect AuNCs but also as a macrocyclic host to encapsulate and solubilize hydrophobic Fc guest with high Fenton reactivity for in vivo CDT applications. Importantly, the encapsulated Fc inside CD possessed strong electron‐donating ability to effectively quench the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence of AuNCs through photoinduced electron transfer. After internalization of Fc‐CD‐AuNCs by cancer cells, Fenton reaction between redox‐active Fc quencher and endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) caused Fc oxidation and subsequent NIR‐II fluorescence recovery, which was accompanied by the formation of cytotoxic ⋅OH and therefore allowed Fc‐CD‐AuNCs to in situ self‐report ⋅OH generation without undesired ⋅OH consumption. Such a NIR‐II fluorescence‐monitored CDT enabled the use of renal‐clearable Fc‐CD‐AuNCs for efficient tumor growth inhibition with minimal side effects in vivo.
Real‐Time Live Imaging of Osteoclast Activation via Cathepsin K Activity in Bone Diseases
Authors: Koo Seyoung , Lee Eun Jung , Xiong Hao , Yun Da Hyeon , McDonald Michelle M. , Park Serk In , Kim Jong Seung
Published: December 2023

Intravital fluorescence imaging of functional osteoclasts within their intact disease context provides valuable insights into the intricate biology at the microscopic level, facilitating the development of therapeutic approaches for osteoclast‐associated bone diseases. However, there is a lack of studies investigating osteoclast activity within deep‐seated bone lesions using appropriate fluorescent probes, despite the advantages offered by the multi‐photon excitation system in enhancing deep tissue imaging resolution. In this study, we report on the intravital tracking of osteoclast activity in three distinct murine bone disease models. We utilized a cathepsin K (CatK)‐responsive two‐photon fluorogenic probe (CatKP1), which exhibited a notable fluorescence turn‐on response in the presence of active CatK. By utilizing CatKP1, we successfully monitored a significant increase in osteoclast activity in hindlimb long bones and its attenuation through pharmacological intervention without sacrificing mice. Thus, our findings highlight the efficacy of CatKP1 as a valuable tool for unraveling pathological osteoclast behavior and exploring novel therapeutic strategies.
Objects drawn from haptic perception and vision‐based spatial abilities
Authors: Langlois Jean , Hamstra Stanley J. , Dagenais Yvan , Lemieux Renald , Lecourtois Marc , Yetisir Elizabeth , Bellemare Christian , Bergeron Germain , Wells George A.
Published: December 2023

Haptic perception is used in the anatomy laboratory with the handling of three‐dimensional (3D) prosections, dissections, and synthetic models of anatomical structures. Vision‐based spatial ability has been found to correlate with performance on tests of 3D anatomy knowledge in previous studies. The objective was to explore whether haptic‐based spatial ability was correlated with vision‐based spatial ability. Vision‐based spatial ability was measured in a study group of 49 medical graduates with three separate tests: a redrawn Vandenberg and Kuse Mental Rotations Tests in two (MRT A) and three (MRT C) dimensions and a Surface Development Test (SDT). Haptic‐based spatial ability was measured using 18 different objects constructed from 10 cubes glued together. Participants were asked to draw these objects from blind haptic perception, and drawings were scored by two independent judges. The maximum score was 24 for each of MRT A and MRT C, 60 for SDT, and 18 for the drawings. The drawing score based on haptic perception [median = 17 (lower quartile = 16, upper quartile = 18)] correlated with MRT A [14 (9, 17)], MRT C [9 (7, 12)] and SDT [44 (36, 52)] scores with a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.395 (p = 0.0049), 0.507 (p = 0.0002) and 0.606 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Spatial abilities assessed by vision‐based tests were correlated with a drawing score based on haptic perception of objects. Future research should investigate the contribution of haptic‐based and vision‐based spatial abilities on learning 3D anatomy from physical models.
Quantitative assessment of tip‐toe behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Valagussa Giulio , Purpura Giulia , Balatti Valeria , Trentin Luca , Signori Alessio , Grossi Enzo
Published: December 2023

The term “toe walking” describes walking on the toes with a lack of heel strike upon initiation of the stance phase of gait. In individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this phenomenon, or “tip‐toe behavior” (TTB), can be present in a substantial proportion of subjects even during standing. In this study, we investigated TTB in 50 persons with ASD (age range 4–26 years). We evaluated TTB through an observational/report‐based assessment protocol. Subsequently, we employed a new structured video‐based coding protocol based on standardized video recordings, focusing on static and dynamic conditions. Finally, the findings of the two protocols were compared. Twenty‐four subjects with TTB were identified and classified according to three functional groups: TTB1, present only during running (6 subjects); TTB2, present during walking and running (11 subjects); and TTB3, present during standing, walking, and running (7 subjects). Moreover, we found that TTB3 subjects exhibited a significantly higher quantity of TTB compared with subjects in the TTB1 and TTB2 groups during both standing and walking tests. Additionally, a high quantity of TTB in the static test was found to be related to a high quantity of TTB in the dynamic test. Variables such as age, autism severity, intellectual disability, and gender were not significantly associated with the mean percent of TTB both in static and dynamic tests in multivariate analysis. This structured video‐based coding approach appears feasible and useful for assessing TTB in individuals with ASD and it has the potential to provide insights into TTB trajectories and aid in designing possible interventions.
Electromagnetic pulse induced blood‐brain barrier breakdown through tight junction opening in rats
Authors: Gao Meng , Peng Huaiyu , Hou Yiran , Wang Xianghui , Li Jing , Qi Hongxing , Kuang Fang , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2023

The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is the main obstacle to hydrophilic and large molecules to enter the brain, maintaining the stability of the central nervous system (CNS). But many environmental factors may affect the permeability and structure of the BBB. Electromagnetic pulses (EMP) irradiation has been proven to enhance the permeability of the BBB, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. To explore the potential mechanism of EMP‐induced BBB opening, this study investigated the permeability, fine structure and the proteins expression of the tight junction (TJ) of the BBB in the rats exposed to EMP. Using the leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled dextran with different molecular mass under different field intensity of EMP exposure, we found that the tracer passing through the BBB is size‐dependent in the rat exposed to EMP as field intensity increased. Transmission electron microscopy showed TJ of the endothelial cells in the EMP‐exposed group was open, compared with the sham‐irradiated group. But the levels of TJ proteins including ZO‐1, claudin‐5, or occludin were not changed as indicated by western blot. These data suggest that EMP induce BBB opening in a field intensity‐dependent manner and probably through dysfunction of TJ proteins instead of their expression. Our findings increase the understanding of the mechanism for EMP working on the brain and are helpful for CNS protection against EMP.
Exploring environmental and social performances of circular start‐ups: An orientation and certification assessment
Authors: Ghisellini Patrizia , Quinto Ivana , Passaro Renato , Ulgiati Sergio
Published: December 2023

The circular economy (CE) aims to deeply transform the current linear model of economy and society into a business model capable to extend the lifetime of resources and decrease environmental impacts. For this to happen, changes in societal systems and production sectors, from micro to macro, are required.

The present research, based on a multiple case‐study explorative approach of circular start‐ups (CSUs), investigates their adoption of environmental impact assessment methods, environmental and social certifications and contribution to a better integration of the social dimension in the CE model. Results indicate that three out of six CSUs carefully measure and certify their environmental and social impacts. Life Cycle Assessment resulted the most adopted environmental assessment method, while two CSUs are also certified benefit corporations. CSUs are mainly oriented toward the use of quantitative methods for the measurement of environmental and social impacts. Additional efforts are still needed toward the implementation of qualitative methods to properly highlight the achievement of social benefits (environmental and social awareness, employees' engagement, work time and free time balance, consumers health and safety, among others) for their stakeholders (workers, local community, consumers). Nevertheless, CSUs case studies highlight their potential of supporting the transition toward a fair CE while at the same time facilitating the integration of social dimension aspects into the CE model. Finally, by developing appropriate business to consumer models, CSUs can strongly affect consumption behaviors and habits, making them also more aware and responsible of their environmental and social life cycle impacts and improvement potential.
Green signals: The impact of environmental protection support policies on firms' green innovation
Authors: Yang Licheng , Song Shijie , Liu Chunlin
Published: December 2023

The importance of government environmental financial incentives in stimulating firms' green innovation has long been recognized. However, researchers have yet to fully determine how a small amount of financial incentives can be used to promote expensive green innovation. Unlike prior studies based on the investigation of direct effects, this study provides a new perspective by employing signaling theory. Focusing on environmental protection support policy (EPSP) in China, it employs ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) to analyze a sample of panel data from China's A‐share listed companies from 2003 to 2020. The results suggest that EPSP funding can serve as a green signal that helps firms acquire external resources for green innovation. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the role that government financial incentives play in firms' green innovation and inform policymakers on how to formulate effective environmental policies.
Prepare for undergrad student‐workers to bring more labor unions to campus
Authors: Caldwell Trevor R.
Published: December 2023

The confluence of increased interest in unionization among undergraduate workers and a recent National Labor Review Board decision that made it far easier for unions to be recognized may mean more unions on campus in the very near future.