bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Carbon Black Dosage and Type on the Fatigue Failure Characteristics of Rubber Materials
Authors: Song Shilong , Wang Qiang , Wang Haoxiang , Sun Xuehong
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effects of carbon black dosage and type on the fatigue failure characteristics of natural rubber (NR) materials. By conducting tests on fatigue life, fracture energy density, and tensile fatigue curves across rubber samples with varying carbon black dosages and types, and complementing these with scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the fracture surface microstructure, we reveal the influence of carbon black particle size and structure on the fatigue life of rubber. The results indicate that the amount of carbon black filler significantly affects the fatigue life and fracture energy density of the rubber; higher filler content is associated with reduced fatigue performance. Smaller carbon black particles, due to their propensity to entangle during processing, exhibit poorer dispersion. Furthermore, carbon blacks of different particle sizes and structural degrees display distinct failure modes within the rubber matrix. Notably, N375, characterized by a relatively moderate particle size and structure, markedly enhances the rubber's fatigue resistance. By establishing a model of the rubber fatigue failure process, this research elucidates the evolving mechanisms of filler particles, micro‐defects, and the internal structure of the rubber during fatigue, thereby providing a theoretical basis for optimizing the fatigue life of rubber materials.
Effect of Silica Fillers on Epoxy–Imidazole Curing Reaction
Authors: Furushima Yoshitomo , Hirano Takayuki , Naka Keiji , Taguchi Yoshihiko , Ohkawa Tomohiro , Torigoe Hirofumi , Takao Tomoya , Takase Atsushi , Nousou Tatsuki , Ishikawa Yuki , Ishii Kenji
Published: February 2025

(Epoxy–imidazole thermosetting resins exhibit a complex reaction mechanism involving two concurrent processes when heated: exothermic addition polymerization and endothermic reactions, during which the catalyst, imidazole, is regenerated. Thus, the relationship between conversion (defined by enthalpy change) and glass transition temperature varies with curing conditions. Herein, we investigate the effects of fillers on the properties of complex epoxy–imidazole systems. Fast scanning calorimetry reveals that the reaction rate in the samples with filler is delayed. Molecular dynamics simulations show that epoxy groups localize near the OH groups on the filler surface, supporting the interpretation that the addition reaction is suppressed by the formation of epoxy‐imidazole intermediate adducts. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry reveals the formation of short‐length linear chain structures in the early stages of the curing reaction for the filler‐containing sample. This behavior is similar to that observed in the non‐filler system, as reported in a previous study, indicating that the reaction mechanism is preserved in the filler‐containing system. This study provides valuable insights into the epoxy–imidazole reaction mechanism, thereby paving the way for further development of the material and promoting its industrial applications).
Synthesis, Spectral and Theoretical Studies of Phenothiazine Embedded Pentaphyrins(2.1.1.1.1)
Authors: Tripathi Neha , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: February 2025

Condensation of phenothiazine‐based tripyrrane and dipyrroethene diol in CH2Cl2 under mild acid catalyzed conditions followed by DDQ oxidation afforded the first examples of phenothiazine‐embedded pentaphyrins(2.1.1.1.1) instead of the expected conjugated phenothiazine‐embedded pentaphyrins(2.1.1.1.1). The formation of phenothiazine‐embedded pentaphyrins(2.1.1.1.1) containing one phenothiazine and four pyrrole rings connected via four meso‐sp2 carbons and two meso‐sp3 carbons in porphyrinoids framework was confirmed by HR‐MS, 1H, 13C, 1H‐1H COSY, NOESY and HMBC NMR spectra. DFT optimized structures of macrocycles showed that the phenothiazine moiety was deviated from the mean plane defined by six meso carbons and macrocycle adopted a puckered‐like structure. The absorption spectra of phenothiazine‐embedded pentaphyrins(2.1.1.1.1) showed one relatively sharp absorption band in the region of 350‐500 nm and one broad absorption band in the low energy region of 500‐750 nm which were bathochromically shifted in their protonated form with distinct colour change of the solution. The macrocycles were weakly fluorescent with broad fluorescence band in the range of 500‐850 nm with peak maxima in the range of 708‐715 nm and quantum yields of 8‐11%. The electrochemical studies revealed that macrocycles were stable under redox conditions and indicated their electron rich nature. TD‐DFT studies agreed with the experimental observations.
The influence of the substrate to inoculum ratio, species variations and biomass density on the ultimate methane potential of 13 tropical and subtropical grasses
Authors: Yard Nandi L. , Holder Nikolai D.
Published: February 2025

In a previous paper, we investigated the methane potential of numerous tropical and subtropical species of grasses and calculated their methane yield per unit mass (specific methane potential). In this article, we evaluate those grasses based on their methane yield per unit area, allowing for a quick estimation of a field of grass or grasses, based on a simple assessment of the grass type(s) and area of the field. The grasses presented are some of the major grasses found in tropical and subtropical regions. The results also show that there is no correlation between the specific methane potential and the methane yield per unit area, highlighting the importance of considering the yield per unit area as an important parameter for the biomethane potential of energy crops.
Case–Control Study of Congenital Anomalies: Study Methods and Nonresponse Bias Assessment
Authors: Eng Amanda , Mannetje Andrea 't , Ellison‐Loschmann Lis , Borman Barry , Cheng Soo , Lawlor Deborah A. , Douwes Jeroen , Pearce Neil
Published: February 2025

Background

To describe the methods of a congenital anomalies case–control study conducted in New Zealand, discuss the encountered methodological difficulties, and evaluate the potential for nonresponse bias.

Methods

The potential cases (n = 2710) were New Zealand live births in 2007–2009 randomly selected from the New Zealand Congenital Anomalies Registry. The potential controls (n = 2989) included live births identified from the Maternity and Newborn Information System, frequency matched to cases by the child's year of birth and sex. Mothers were invited to complete an interview covering demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Response probabilities for case and control mothers were evaluated in relation to maternal age, deprivation, occupation, and ethnicity, available from the Electoral Roll, and inverse probability weights (IPWs) for participation were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) for key demographic and selected risk factors were estimated through unconditional logistic regression, with and without IPW.

Results

A total of 652 (24%) of case mothers and 505 (17%) of control mothers completed the interview. Younger and more deprived mothers were underrepresented among the participants, particularly for controls, resulting in inflated ORs of associations with congenital anomalies for younger age, Māori ethnicity, deprivation, and risk factors under study, such as blue‐collar occupations and smoking, indicative of nonresponse bias. Nonresponse bias was minimized through IPW, resulting in ORs and exposure prevalence estimates similar to those based on the prerecruitment sample.

Conclusions

Attaining high participation rates was difficult in this study that was conducted in new mothers, particularly for the controls. The resulting nonresponse bias was minimized through IPW.
Evaluation of the reliability and internal consistency of the child eating behavior questionnaire (CEBQ) in spanish schoolchildren and its association with obesity
Authors: García Andrea Calderón , Pedrero‐Tomé Roberto , Alaminos‐Torres Ana , López‐Ejeda Noemí , Sánchez Álvarez María , Martínez Consuelo Prado , Martínez Álvarez Jesús Román , Serrano María Dolores Marrodán
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Certain behavioral traits increase the risk of obesity at early ages. Exploring patterns of eating behavior in schoolchildren using tools like the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) is crucial for obesity prevention and intervention. Before this study, the CEBQ had been validated in various languages, including Spanish, but only in preschool‐aged children, despite its previous use in various studies in the Spanish language and population. The objective is to assess the reliability and internal consistency of the CEBQ questionnaire applied to a sample of Spanish schoolchildren and to explore the association between eating behavior assessed through the CEBQ and nutritional status based on BMI.

Methods

Parents or guardians of 283 Spanish schoolchildren aged 6–16 years completed the Spanish version of the CEBQ questionnaire. Factor analyses were conducted on all CEBQ items, and differences between genders and age groups were examined. Correlations between children's BMI Z‐scores and eating behaviors were analyzed through linear regression.

Results

The factor analysis revealed that the CEBQ is suitable in its original structure of eight subscales translated into Spanish, demonstrating adequate reliability and acceptable correlations between subscales. Gender appears to have minimal influence on eating behavior. However, with increasing age, schoolchildren tend to eat more quickly and are less fussy about food (SE [slowness in eating] [p = 0.012] and FF [food fussiness] [p = 0.012] decrease). Positive associations were found between BMI Z‐scores and all pro‐eating dimension subscales, while negative associations were identified with all antieating dimension subscales (p < 0.05) except EUE (emotional undereating) (p = 0.106).

Conclusions

The CEBQ is a valid psychometric tool that can be reliably used to assess eating behavior characteristics in Spanish schoolchildren aged 6–16 years.
Outcomes of Stenting in Atypical Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Patients With Transverse Sinus Stenosis
Authors: Song Shuang , Guan Zhongao , Wang Shuran , Gan Yawen , Chen Fangguang , He Jie , Tu Ketao , Miao Zhongrong , Tong Xu , Mo Dapeng , Pang Ke
Published: February 2025

Background:

Venous sinus stenting (VSS) has emerged as a novel treatment option for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) with transverse sinus stenosis (TSS). However, the efficacy of stenting in atypical IIH patients (body mass index [BMI] < 24 kg/m2, ≥ 50 years of age, or male) has not been fully investigated.

Methods:

The data of IIH + TSS patients who experienced conventional medical treatment failure and received VSS treatment at Beijing Tiantan Hospital in China between May 2021 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed in a prospectively maintained database. Baseline characteristics and periprocedural features were collected, and follow‐up clinical outcomes (intracranial pressure [ICP], stent‐adjacent stenosis, and symptoms and ophthalmic improvements) were compared between typical and atypical patients.

Results:

Data were available for 24 IIH + VSS patients. The median age was 37 years, and 95.8% were female. There were 9/24 atypical patients (37.5%). At baseline, atypical patients had milder visual field defects than typical patients did, as reflected by the mean deviation (MD) of the worse eye (median of −3.08 decibel (dB) vs. −7.63 dB, p = 0.027). Periprocedurally, 1–2 carotid self‐expandable stents with 7–9 mm in length and 40–50 mm in diameter were deployed at the site of the TSS. The median follow‐up duration was 12 months (range 8–22 months). At the last visit of follow‐up, stenting intervention significantly decreased the ICP and grade of papilledema and improved the best corrected visual acuity in the worse eye and MD in the fellow eye in both typical and atypical patients. The clinical outcomes of typical and atypical IIH + TSS patients were not significantly different, except that the MD of the worse eye in the atypical group was greater than that in the typical group (−1.33 dB vs. −5.31 dB, p = 0.001).

Conclusions:

This study indicates a considerable proportion of atypical IIH cases among IIH + TSS patients with conventional medical treatment failure. Moreover, VSS seems to be an effective and safe therapeutic modality for atypical IIH + TSS.
Chemical Components of The Dried Latex of Euphorbia Resinifera Berg And Its Medicinal Features
Authors: Pujol Maria Dolors , HAMMAD Doaa , Ourhzif El-Mahdi , HAMRI Salha , ABDERRAFIA Hafid , KHOUILI Mostafa
Published: February 2025

A great deal of research has been carried out on the latex of Euphorbia resinifera Berg, which is an important source of several compounds of therapeutic and medicinal interest. Extraction, synthesis and hemi synthesis pathways continue to reveal the existence of other new products with anticancer, antioxidant, antidiuretic and antimalarial effects. Despite the huge number of existing drugs, plants are still used mainly as a treatment for pain and as a source of inspiration for new drugs. In this study, the different components of the dried latex of this plant and their effects on human health have been studied. It should be noted that resiniferatoxin with a pain‐relieving activity superior to capsaicin has proven to be effective for the treatment of osteoarthritis, a painful disease with no specific treatment.
When Copper Meets Autoimmunity: A Rare Coexistence of Wilson's Disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Bhagoowani Suresh , Devi Uooja , Munir Aqsa , Hasnain Ummulkiram , Khan Saad , Iqbal Javed , Akhtar Tehseen
Published: February 2025

The coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Wilson's disease (WD) is exceedingly rare, posing significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical presentations. Neurological and psychiatric manifestations commonly associated with WD can obscure or mimic symptoms of other systemic diseases, complicating accurate diagnosis and management. We report the case of a 17‐year‐old female diagnosed with WD and concurrent SLE, treated at Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. The patient initially presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms typical of WD, confirmed by diagnostic findings indicative of hepatic copper accumulation. She later developed significant proteinuria, hematuria, fever, and positive autoimmune serologies, raising suspicion of concurrent SLE. Despite therapeutic interventions, including methylprednisolone (1 mg), the patient's condition deteriorated, and she unfortunately succumbed to complications from a blood transfusion reaction. This case underscores the importance of heightened clinical vigilance when managing overlapping presentations of WD and systemic autoimmune disorders like SLE. Early recognition of WD‐specific neurological and psychiatric symptoms is critical for timely diagnosis and intervention, potentially mitigating the risk of severe complications and poor outcomes.
A Sternal Fracture Associated With Cervical Spinal Fracture
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshiyuki
Published: February 2025

Sternal injuries are caused by two mechanisms: direct and indirect forces on the sternum. An indirect sternum fracture is usually caused by a forcible anteflexion of the spine. When a patient with back bruising complains of anterior chest pain, a sternal fracture should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Eumycetoma of the Foot in a 70‐Year‐Old Male Farmer
Authors: Khan Allahdad , Masood Saad , Kamal Aseel
Published: February 2025

Clinicians should consider eumycetoma, actinomycotic mycetoma, and skin cancers in patients from tropical or subtropical regions who present with painless swelling and discharging sinuses. The early histopathology, microbiological studies in conjunction with imaging, are of critical importance in narrowing the differential and starting appropriate treatment to prevent complications and deformities.
Successful Use of Caffeine Citrate for Neonate With Bronchiolitis‐Related Apnea: Case Report and Clinical Insights
Authors: Alfraij Abdulla , Aboalazm Ahmed
Published: February 2025

To date, there is no clear evidence supporting the use of caffeine therapy in bronchiolitis‐related apnea in pediatric intensive care units. Generalizing the approach for all bronchiolitis cases could be behind this limitation of the evidence. Here, we report a successful use of caffeine citrate for a neonate with bronchiolitis‐related apnea. Understanding the limitations of case reports, we think being a neonate diagnosed with bronchiolitis‐related apnea without respiratory distress, on top of a prematurity background, might be the key characteristic for this successful use.
Lignin Model Compound Hydrogenolysis over ZSM‐5‐Supported Cu/Ni Bimetallic Transition Metal Catalysts.
Authors: Sullivan James Anthony , Abolivier Raphaël , Muldoon Jimmy , Eckhardt Hans Georg , Fay Michael
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a series of bimetallic Ni‐Cu/ZSM‐5 catalysts was prepared, characterized and investigated in the hydrogenolysis of lignin model compounds. This study is aimed at the understanding of the properties of supported bimetallic nanoparticles prepared via a facile hydrothermal/reduction synthesis for potential applications within biorefining facilities. Changes in metal loadings and relative metal contents were found to have import effects on the separation of the metals within the nanoparticles and, this in‐turn, affected the reactivity of the materials for the investigated reaction. The results also highlight the importance of lignin extraction methods for the future of biorefining.
CO2 Oxidative Ethane Dehydrogenation on CeO2/SiO2 Supported NiFe3 Catalysts
Authors: Spurlock Rachel , Erdem Ezgi , Lee Sang-Won , Chen Junjie , Gallo Alessandro , Nielander Adam C. , Jaramillo Thomas
Published: February 2025

CO2‐assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane is a sustainable alternative to steam cracking for ethylene production. In this study, a series of CeO2 on SiO2 supported NiFe3 catalysts were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation and tested for oxidative dehydrogenation performance. The CeO2/SiO2 supported catalysts with high weight loading of CeO2 (50‐75%) provided higher activity than the lower CeO2 (0‐25%) loaded catalysts (with ethylene production rates of 0.62‐0.98 µmol/gcat/s and 0.19‐0.3 µmol/gcat/s, respectively) while maintaining high ethylene selectivity (43‐45%). In contrast, the NiFe3 supported on only CeO2 also exhibited high activity (ethylene production rate of 0.71 µmol/gcat/s), but the ethylene selectivity (16%) was greatly decreased compared to the mixed system. Temperature programmed reduction, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy all indicate the creation of a solid solution of the Fe and Ni doped into the CeO2 crystal structure in the catalysts with high CeO2 loading/bulk CeO2 support. The high ethylene selectivity in the high CeO2 loading catalysts indicates that the Fe is preferentially creating the solid solution, with the decrease in selectivity observed in the CeO2‐only supported catalyst likely resulting from CeO2 interacting directly with Ni, creating Ni‐CeOX interfaces that are known active sites for the unwanted side reaction of dry reforming.
Quantifying the Impact of Oxidative Treatments on Electrode Overpotentials in the All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Bachman Ridge M. , Samora Owuor Peter , Khan Abdullah , Hall Derek M.
Published: February 2025

Despite the commercialization of flow batteries, little is known about how much electrode treatment methods affect individual electrode overpotential contributions. Thermal oxidation is one of the most common electrode treatment methods in literature, which has increased the energy efficiencies of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) by 10 to 20 % depending on their operating current density. However, it is unclear how much electrode overpotential remains after these treatments, which is critical to identifying viable pathways for further improvement. Herein, we demonstrate how membrane‐based reference electrodes provide an opportunity to examine individual electrode overpotentials during operation to gain deeper insights into their role in battery performance. Without oxidative treatments, negative electrode overpotential contributions range from 150 to 250 mV depending on the operating current density, overshadowing positive electrode contributions. Use of oxidative treatment reduced negative electrode contributions by nearly 50 % percent from their initial values but marginally increased positive electrode overpotential values. Treating the negative electrode while leaving the positive electrode untreated resulted in the best performance observed but still had 150 to 300 mV of electrode overpotentials remaining, suggesting that additional electrode improvements can still provide significant gains in energy efficiency.
A Case Series and Literature Review on Zanubrutinib Therapy for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ding Bingjie , Li Mengjuan , Liu Liu , Song Xuewen , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xia Ao , Liu Jingyuan , Zhou Hu
Published: February 2025

Background

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease characterised by low platelet count. Treatment discontinuation or heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of ITP heightens the occurrence of relapsed or refractory ITP. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) has emerged as a promising target for autoimmune disorders.

Case

In this case series, we have explored the efficacy and safety of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) in treating relapsed/refractory ITP, by retrospective analysis of the diagnostic history and efficacy of four patients with relapsed/refractory ITP who attended the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and were treated with BTKi. All four patients received > 4 lines of ITP treatment and did not respond to splenectomy or other interventions before and after treatment with BTK inhibitor. After adjusting to the treatment with BTKi, one patient achieved a complete response, and two patients achieved a partial response. All three patients achieved sustained remission with platelet counts of > 50 × 109/L maintained for 1045, 390 and 334 days, respectively. Another patient died of intracranial haemorrhage due to a decline in the platelet count after discontinuation of the drug, and the duration of sustained remission before discontinuation of the drug was 120 days. Four patients had no significant abnormalities in the functions of the liver and kidney monitored during the treatment period.

Conclusion

For patients with relapsed/refractory ITP, BTK inhibitor therapy can be considered as an option, with promising preliminary efficacy and safety. However, more clinical trials are needed to verify the exact data.
User Scheduling With Limited Feedback for Multi‐Cell MU‐Massive MIMO FDD Networks Deployment: From Performance Tradeoff Perspective
Authors: Sabat Dukhishyam , Pattanayak Prabina , Kumar Akhilesh , Prasad Ganesh
Published: February 2025

Feedback of channel state information (CSI) from users to base station (BS) is very vital for efficient user scheduling (US) in frequency division duplexing (FDD)–based massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (mMIMO) systems. The feedback overhead is one of the major bottlenecks for multi‐user (MU) mMIMO systems as it increases with number of antennas and users. In the multicellular scenario, each and every BS schedules appropriate set of users based on the limited CSI feedback received from the users for achieving better throughput and fairness which are the prime objectives for such communication systems. To achieve the higher throughput, better fairness, and better scheduling gain with the least CSI, in this article, user grouping–based scheduling (UGS) strategy for multi‐cell MU mMIMO FDD system is considered. The proposed UGS scheme achieves a better trade‐off between the two prime objectives, that is, throughput and fairness. Moreover, hybrid precoding architecture is also used for this system as practically radio frequency (RF) chains are usually less in number to support less implementation complexity and budget. Our approach utilizes the angle of departure (AoD)–based adaptive codebook for controlling the amount of feedback. The variation of AoD is slow in nature as compared to path gains of the channel, which controls the feedback overhead. The proposed UGS using AoD codebook with limited channel feedback involves determining the beamspace path co‐ordinates of each user from the AoD information fed back by users and then group the users into sets based on the AoD CSI. Specifically, UGS scheme is applied to reduce inter‐user and inter‐group interferences. By integrating an AoD adaptive subspace codebook with a hybrid precoding architecture and focusing on the dual objectives of maximizing throughput and fairness, we offer a novel solution that addresses the key challenges of inter‐cell interference and limited CSI feedback. The numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed UGS scheme for fifth generation and beyond wireless networks deployment.
Improving the Performance of Wireless Signal Recognition Using Dimensionality Reduction–Based Classifiers for Low SNR Signals
Authors: M. Neema , Gopi E. S. , Govardhan Reddy Manavapati
Published: February 2025

Future communication networks face the predicament of scarce spectrum resources in order to accommodate the exponential proliferation of heterogeneous wireless devices. The significance of wireless signal recognition (WSR) is steadily growing, especially concerning spectrum monitoring, spectrum management, and secure communications, among other crucial domains. Numerous techniques for conducting WSR were presented in the literature; however, the majority of them demonstrate limited efficacy in low SNR scenarios. This work proposes a dimensionality reduction (DR)–based machine learning classifier (DR‐MLC) that simultaneously performs modulation and signal classification in heterogenous waveform scenarios. Additionally, the model employs a projection technique (PT) for noise removal in input data. The proposed framework is the first of its kind in the wireless signal processing domain and its performance is extensively evaluated in low SNR conditions using DR techniques including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and kernel LDA (KLDA) in combination with various machine learning techniques such as support vector machine (SVM), ‐nearest neighbor (KNN), and nearest mean (NM) methods. The publicly available RadComDynamic dataset is utilized for the experiment. The paper demonstrates the improvement in classification accuracy of the proposed model over the reference architectures taken, specifically in low SNR scenarios for both single and dual classification tasks.
Owl Pellet Content Analysis Proves an Effective Technique to Monitor a Population of Threatened Julia Creek Dunnarts (Sminthopsis douglasi) Throughout a Native Rodent Plague
Authors: Charley Cameron L. , Gray Emma L. , Baker Andrew M.
Published: February 2025

Logistical, environmental and temporal considerations can limit the effectiveness of long‐term live trapping for small mammals in remote environments. Owl pellet content analysis offers a low‐cost, non‐invasive alternative to live trapping, as it is generally reflective of prey abundance within the broader small mammal community. One species to which this detection technique could be readily applied is the threatened Australian dasyurid, the Julia Creek dunnart, Sminthopsis douglasi. Most population information is outdated, and the species is notoriously difficult to monitor. Here, we aimed to monitor S. douglasi and other small terrestrial vertebrates over time and in relation to a native long‐haired rat (Rattus villosissimus) plague, assessing their occurrence as dietary items in eastern barn owl (Tyto javanica delicatula) pellets collected at Toorak, north‐west Queensland, Australia. A total of 1007 individual vertebrates were identified from 706 barn owl pellets spanning 3 present‐day collections (2023–2024), with further analysis incorporating a prior published historical dataset (1994–2001, 210 pellets). We demonstrated a shift in Toorak small mammal community structure both over time and in response to an active R. villosissimus plague. Despite declines across present‐day pellet collections, S. douglasi was always detected in high abundance, peaking at 30.75% of all individuals. Cumulative probability of detection indicated that analysis of owl pellets was highly effective at detecting S. douglasi (within 20 pellets) despite the ongoing rodent plague, which has undermined the effectiveness of parallel live trapping efforts across the region. Owl pellet analysis is thus an effective methodology for rapidly assessing S. douglasi populations and should be incorporated into both S. douglasi and other small mammal species monitoring regimes.
Skeletal muscle and subcutaneous fat quantity as prognostic indicators in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Longinow Joshua , Mirzai Saeid , Chen Po‐Hao , Hanna Mazen , Tang W.H. Wilson
Published: February 2025

Aims

Disease‐related changes in body composition are associated with worse outcomes in chronic heart failure. In cardiac amyloidosis (CA), the prognostic value of direct body composition measures is understudied.

Methods and results

We identified 160 consecutive patients with CA (transthyretin [ATTR] or light chain [AL]) diagnosed between 2001 and 2021 who had chest computed tomography within 1 year before diagnosis. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), intermuscular adipose tissue percentage (IMAT%), and subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI) were quantified at the twelfth vertebral level and analysed continuously, in sex‐stratified tertiles, and with derived outcome‐based cutoffs. In a comprehensive model including IMAT% and SATI, only SMI independently predicted 10‐year mortality (hazard ratio 0.69 per standard deviation increase, 95% confidence interval 0.52–0.91, p = 0.010). In tertile analyses, low SMI was associated with 2 to 2.5 times higher 1‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year mortality versus high SMI. Medium IMAT% and SATI showed approximately 1.9 times higher 5‐year and 10‐year mortality versus high tertiles. These associations were more pronounced in ATTR‐CA, with low SATI also predicting higher mortality. AL‐CA showed fewer significant associations. Interaction testing by CA type was not significant. Outcome‐based SMI cutoffs of 23.5 cm2/m2 (males) and 27.8 cm2/m2 (females) for 10‐year mortality were derived but need validation.

Conclusion

Lower SMI was associated with increased mortality risk in patients with CA, particularly ATTR‐CA. The relationship between SATI and mortality was more nuanced: in the overall cohort, medium SATI was associated with higher mortality risk, while in patients with ATTR‐CA, lower SATI predicted higher mortality risk.
Characteristics, determinants, and prognostic impact of severe tricuspid regurgitation in patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation: Insights from the REVEAL‐AFMR registry
Authors: Kaneko Tomohiro , Murata Azusa , Amano Masashi , Sato Yukio , Ohno Yohei , Obokata Masaru , Sato Kimi , Okada Taiji , Fujita Wataru , Morita Kojiro , Machino‐Ohtsuka Tomoko , Abe Yukio , Minamino Tohru , Kagiyama Nobuyuki
Published: February 2025

Aims

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is often seen in patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR). The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics, determinants, and prognostic impact of severe TR coexisting with AFMR.

Methods and results

In 26 facilities in Japan, patients with significant AFMR defined with moderate or severe functional mitral regurgitation with dilated left atrium and preserved left ventricular function were enrolled. The primary endpoint was a composite of heart failure hospitalization and all‐cause mortality. The secondary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. In 792 patients with AFMR (mean age 77 ± 9 years, 55% female), the prevalence of severe TR was 14.9% (n = 118) overall, and 34.6% in severe AFMR. Patients with severe TR were older, mostly with atrial fibrillation, and had more severe heart failure symptoms and more advanced left atrial and right heart remodelling than those with non‐severe TR. Age >75 years, permanent atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and higher right atrial pressure appeared as independent determinants of severe TR. Severe TR was associated with both the primary and secondary endpoints after adjusted for covariates including the severity of AFMR (adjusted hazard ratio 1.65 [95% confidence interval 1.09–2.47], p = 0.017 and 1.80 [1.06–3.06], p = 0.029 for the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively). Atrial and ventricular functional TR accounted for 41% and 59% of significant TR. Despite more advanced right heart remodelling in ventricular TR, these groups showed similar prognosis.

Conclusions

Severe TR coexisting with AFMR was common and was associated with increased event rates. Further study is warranted to establish therapeutic strategies.
Electrochemical Hydroxyselenenylation of Multifunctional Homoallyl Amines and Ethers
Authors: Xia Wen , Liu Tongtong , Ruan Zhipeng , Tian Pei , Yu Wenxian , Zhang Xiaohui , Xiong Yan
Published: February 2025

A series of β‐hydroxyselenides from reactive N‐homoallyl(hetero)arylamines and O‐homoallyl(hetero)arylethers were effectively synthesized with high to excellent yields under electrolysis. The profiles of mild conditions, simple operation, short time, free of oxidants and transition metals, and good compatibilities of substrates render this methodology greener and potentially synthetic value in producing application. The radical‐trapped experiments rationalized the free radical reaction pathway.
Interaction of a Third‐Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor with dsDNA: Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Koszelska Kamila , Wypych Monika , Kciuk Mateusz , Guziejewski Dariusz , Metelka Radovan , Smarzewska Sylwia
Published: February 2025

In the current study, an evaluation was conducted regarding potential interaction mechanisms occurring between ponatinib (Pntb), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of third‐generation and double‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA). The aim of these studies was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the interaction between Pntb and DNA. This understanding could not only shed light on the changes occurring within living organisms but also, in the future, facilitate the development of new drugs for cancer treatment and improve their therapeutic effectiveness. The interactions were examined using square wave voltammetry (SWV) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. In order to conduct voltammetric experiments, a glassy carbon electrode was used. The addition of dsDNA to ponatinib solution resulted in a decrease of current peaks of the latter and resulted in a positive peak potential shift, suggesting that the intercalative type of interaction is the most likely to occur. Studies with utilization of UV–Vis spectroscopy have revealed a hypochromic effect, resulting in lack of wavelength shift in absorption maximum, following the addition of DNA to ponatinib solution, and confirming that intercalation is the predominant interaction between Pntb and dsDNA. The calculated value of the binding constant for Pntb‐dsDNA determined by SWV was equal to 1.71 × 107 M−1. The values calculated from UV–Vis spectroscopy, however, were 1.13 × 107 M−1.
Efficient Use of Renewable Solar Energy Resource for Electric Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Rahim Abdul , Agarwal Shikha , Gupta Gunjan , Singh Rajesh , Malik Praveen Kumar
Published: February 2025

This research delves into innovative solutions for integrating renewable solar energy into electric vehicle (EV) systems to mitigate limitations associated with battery storage and charging infrastructure. By leveraging advanced technologies, such as phase change materials for efficient thermal management, microgrid‐based charging systems for decentralized energy distribution, and cutting‐edge materials like aerogel composites and polymer solar cells for enhanced energy harvesting, this study addresses critical challenges in sustainable transportation. Through a holistic approach that combines energy efficiency, advanced material science, and renewable energy integration, the research provides actionable insights to enhance EV performance, extend battery life, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The findings hold significant implications for improving energy autonomy, enabling sustainable mobility solutions, and fostering environmental conservation in the transportation sector.
Nanotechnology‐Enabled Devices for Ocean Internet of Things
Authors: Shang Chenjing , Chen Yi , Dai Zhuhang , Yalikun Yaxiaer , Qian Lihua , Lee Pooi See , Yang Yang
Published: February 2025

The growing utilization of the Ocean Internet of Things (Ocean IoT) has a significant impact on human society. Recent advances in nanotechnology in terms of developing unprecedented structural, mechanical, electrical, chemical, and photonic properties have led to devices that are expected to promote the sustainable growth of the emerging Ocean IoT. This review provides a system‐level analysis of nanotechnology‐enabled sensors, actuators, energy harvesting, antifouling coatings, and environmental remediation that have been developed, with a focus on their materials, structures, and manufacturing technologies, as well as their merits and drawbacks. The challenges associated with the ecotoxicity of nanotechnology‐derived pollutants in marine ecosystems are also discussed. Finally, potential future research directions are presented for this emerging field.
High‐Impedance Fault Detection in Distribution Networks Based on Support Vector Machine and Wavelet Transform Approach (Case Study: Markazi Province of Iran)
Authors: Attar Mohammad Sadegh , Miveh Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2025

High impedance faults (HIFs) can lead to crucial damage to the utility grid, such as the risk of fire in material assets, electricity supply interruptions, and long service restoration times. Due to their low current magnitude, conventional protective equipment, such as overcurrent relays, cannot detect these faults. Alternatively, the waveform and variation range of current in HIFs are similar to other phenomena, such as linear and nonlinear load changes and capacitor banks. This paper employs a support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm that demonstrates reliable accuracy and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) in HIF detection. First, the data set containing measured current signals of HIFs is collected to implement this approach. Then, DWT decomposes it to extract the features of each sample in the data set. The extracted features from this part are used as input to the SVM classification algorithm. The proposed idea is initially implemented on the IEEE 34‐bus distribution test network. The proposed method achieves high capability and accuracy in detecting high‐impedance faults. The proposed method is also applied to a real power distribution network in Markazi Province of Iran, yielding satisfactory results. EMTP‐RV simulation software is used to simulate and evaluate the proposed method for power network modeling. Moreover, MATLAB software is used for feature extraction, and Python programming language in Google Colab and Spyder environment is applied to implement the SVM algorithm. The simulation results confirm the high accuracy of the suggested method. The main criteria obtained by the proposed method include accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F‐score, and Dice, which are 99.581%, 98.684%, 100%, 100%, 99.338%, and 99.338%, respectively, for the test network, and 97.94%, 93.45%, 100%, 100%, 96.614%, and 96.618%, respectively, for the real power distribution network.
Assessment of Caffeine Content in Tea and Coffee Brands Within the Palestinian Market Using HPLC Method
Authors: Hisham Waad , Nur Haneen , Sinokort Hanadi , Haslamon Duha , Khraiwesh Alaa , Qawasmeh Abdel
Published: February 2025

Tea and Arabic coffee drinks are part of the daily routine for the Palestinian population due to deep cultural roots and their caffeine contents. The quality of the tea and coffee may be affected by the controlled‐long quarantine procedure followed during importation. Caffeine quantity in tea and coffee samples imported into Palestine has never been assessed. A documented HPLC method was used to determine caffeine contents in Palestinian commercially available imported brands of tea and coffee. The average caffeine content (%w/w) of tea and coffee samples was in the ranges of 0.94%–1.5% and 0.45%–0.74%, respectively. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) and the limit of detection (LOD) were found to be 1.3 and 0.5 ppm, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for repeatability was less than 5%, which is acceptable, whereas the recovery was more than 97%. The quantity of caffeine in commercially tea and coffee samples test were within the range documented in literature. This suggests that the tea and coffee quality in terms of their caffeine content has not been affected by the procedural/political issues surrounding occupied Palestinian territories. Whether other factors such as phenolic compounds and their attributed antioxidant capacity are affected is a subject of future studies.
Palladium‐Catalyzed [3+2+2] Cycloaddition Between Carbonyl‐Tethered Alkylidenecyclopropanes and Isocyanates
Authors: Rodiño Ricardo , Mascarenas Jose Luis , López Fernando
Published: February 2025

Carbonyl‐tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes can react with aryl isocyanates in presence of Pd(0)‐phosphoramidite catalysts to give seven‐membered heterobicyclic products in a formal [3+2+2] cycloaddition process. The reaction involves the formation of a palladium p‐allyl complex intermediate (A), which behaves as a formal 1,5‐dipole, and can be trapped by externally added isocyanates. This report also includes preliminary assays of asymmetric variants, as well as DFT computational studies that shed some light on the nature of the catalytic cycle
Technological and Socio‐Demographic Factors Influencing Telemedicine Literacy in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross‐Sectional Study Using Multidimensional Approach
Authors: Ezinne Ngozika E. , Koomson Isaac , Anyasodor Anayochukwu E. , Antwi‐Adjei Ellen K. , Bhattarai Dipesh , Armitage James , Osuagwu Uchechukwu L.
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

The COVID‐19 pandemic restriction impacted physical or face‐to‐face interactions, leading to an upsurge in the use of information technology (IT). This necessitated the adoption of various remote healthcare services including telehealth. This study aimed to examine the role of technological and socio‐demographic factors in enhancing telemedicine literacy.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) in 2022 involving 528 participants. The study employed the Alkire‐Foster multidimensional method to measure the telemedicine literacy of participants. The multidimensional telemedicine literacy index was constructed using nine indicators spread across three dimensions (i.e., knowledge, attitude/perception, and practice dimensions), where a threshold of 0.5 was employed to identify those with adequate knowledge to be considered literate in telemedicine. The technological component was captured using IT ability. Participants completed a 31‐item questionnaire administered electronically via iPads. A “Yes” response was coded as 1 and “No” as 0.

Results

Most respondents (62%) were aged 21–40, with 60% identifying as female. Most were Afro‐Trinidadian (54.46%), urban residents (84%), employed (80%), and earned a high income (87%). Overall, participants demonstrated a high perceived IT ability, with a mean score of 0.918 (SD = 0.27). Urban residents exhibited IT skills that were 10% superior to those of rural residents; however, this did not necessarily translate into higher telemedicine literacy. Gender differences were observed, with males reporting IT skills 3% higher than females. Notably, IT ability was a significant predictor of telemedicine literacy, particularly among females and urban residents. Additionally, individuals with postgraduate qualifications, Indo‐Trinidadians, and Christians exhibited significantly higher telemedicine literacy.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes the pivotal role of IT ability in telemedicine literacy across varied socio‐demographic groups in T&T. To promote healthcare for all, interventions targeting digital literacy are crucial to ensure equitable access and enhance the reach of telemedicine in T&T.
Evaluation of the Effects of Postsleeve Gastrectomy Exercise on Long‐Term Glucose Profile and Weight Loss Among Iranian Females: A Prospective Cohort Study From 2016 to 2020
Authors: Norooz Mohammad Tayefeh , Safavi‐Naini Seyed Amir Ahmad , Jamshidi Parnian , Sadeghi Alireza , Tabesh Mastaneh Rajabian , Abolhasani Maryam , Abbasi Maryam , Alamdari Nasser Malekpour , Berger Nathan A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Weight regain after surgery is linked to an increased risk of relapse for obesity‐related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to explore how exercise after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) affects glucose levels and the percentage of excess body weight loss (%EBWL).

Methods

In this study, females with non‐insulin‐dependent T2DM who underwent LSG between 2014 and 2015 were enrolled and followed at 1 and 4 years postoperatively in a prospective cohort design. Data on glucose profile, body mass index, and the quality and quantity of exercise were collected. Adequate activity was defined as engaging in more than 150 min of exercise per week. Participants were divided into two groups: the control cohort (low activity) and the exposure cohort (adequate activity). The primary outcomes were %EBWL and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Statistical analysis was performed using paired t‐tests and linear regression in the R programming language.

Results

The study comprised 246 female participants with a mean age of 46.93 ± 8.07 years, drawn from an initial cohort of 249 individuals. Significant associations were observed between %EBWL, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c with the intensity of exercise. The active cohort exhibited superior outcomes in terms of %EBWL (78.1 ± 22.06 vs. 28.1 ± 10.9), reductions in HbA1c (−0.37% vs. −0.01%), and a decrease in body mass index (−11.6 vs. −8.46 kg/m²). The following formula was established to predict %EBWL at 48 months based on exercise levels (R2 = 0.86): %EBWL (at 48‐month) = −5 (if no exercise at all) + 1*exercise time (minutes/day) + 10*exercise frequency (session/week).

Conclusion

This study highlights the essential role of postoperative exercise in facilitating long‐term weight loss and modest improvements in glucose profiles. The developed formula effectively predicts %EBWL based on the patient's exercise profile, thereby emphasizing the significance of physical activity and patient engagement in attaining sustained positive outcomes. It is recommended that patients receive guidance on maintaining an active exercise regimen.