bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COOLING MENU ITEMS BY AGITATION UNDER REFRIGERATION1
Authors: Longrée Karla , Moragne Lenora , White James C.
Published: November 2018

The present investigation was concerned with cooling menu items by agitation, under refrigeration. The aim was to investigate the effects on cooling times of foods of the following variables: the design of the agitator, the width of the scraper blade of the agitator, and the rate of agitation. Observations were made of changes in certain quality characteristics of the items cooled by agitation.

The cooling times of the agitated menu items were reduced to fractions of the time lengths required when comparable batches were cooled without agitation.

The design of the agitator and the rate of agitation had little effect on cooling time but had a strong effect on the physical quality of the entrées, especially stews. A simple frame agitator equipped with wide plastic scraper blades rotating at 8 rpm gave satisfactory results in that it effected fast cooling without rendering the item unacceptable in appearance.

Agitation under refrigeration may be looked upon as an efficient and feasible method of precooling menu items.
EFFECT OF A HEXACHLORAPHENE DETERGENT ON THE MICROBIAL POPULATION OF THE HANDS OF FOOD HANDLERS1
Authors: Post F. J. , Balzer J. L.
Published: November 2018

A handwashing study was conducted to determine whether a 3% hexachloraphene hand detergent could materially reduce the normal bacterial population on the hands of food handlers. Total count, staphyloccoccus count, and total gram negative bacteria count showed significant reductions when the hexachloraphene detergent was used. No decline occured when three other hand detergents were used. It was suggested that the gram negative bacteria count may be a better indicator of transient organisms on the hands than the total count which includes a greater proportion of resident bacteria.
A STUDY OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF HADDOCK FILLETS AND SHUCKED, SOFT-SHELLED CLAMS PROCESSED AND MARKETED IN THE GREATER BOSTON AREA1
Authors: Nickerson J. T. R. , Goldblith S. A.
Published: November 2018

Data obtained during the months of July and August of 1961 on the microbiological quality of haddock fillets and shucked, soft-shelled clams processed and marketed in the greater Boston area have been compiled and critically evaluated for commercial and sanitary significance. Differences were observed in the aerobic-facultative microbial counts of haddock fillets processed at different times of day in a given company. Soft-shelled clams dug from unpolluted beds in the vicinity of Boston, when shucked in a commercial plant, were found to have counts which were about one hundred times lower than clams shipped in from the Maryland area and subsequently shucked in the local marketing area. This points out the desirability of processing shellfish (by radiation treatment or otherwise) at a point close to the source of supply. Anaerobic (clostridia) counts were somewhat higher in shucked clams than in haddock fillets although high counts (clostridia) were not encountered with either product.
PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA AND KEEPING QUALITY OF PASTEURIZED DAIRY PRODUCTSl1,2
Authors: Elliker P. R. , Sing E. L. , Christensen L. J. , Sandine W. E.
Published: November 2018

A study was made showing relationship between post-pasteurization contamination of milk and cream and increase in bacterial count of bottled and paper carton products during storage at 45 F for 5 days. A survey indicated extensive post-pasteurization contamination in plants not employing this type of keeping quality test. The 5-day at 45 F test was more sensitive than the coliform test in detecting post pasteurization contamination. Excessive numbers of thermoduric bacteria in the raw supply also were detected by this method when plant equipment was properly cleaned and sanitized.

Special in-line sampling techniques were developed to determine source of contamination. One procedure employed sterile disposable hypodermic syringes inserted through rubber stoppered nipples welded into lines at different locations in the system. Another technique involved removal of samples by insertion of sterile disposable hypodermic syringes through rubber or neoprene gaskets between joints in different locations in the plant.

Bottle and paper carton filler equipment offered special cleaning and sanitizing problems and suggestions were made on steps to minimize contamination from these sources.

Application of the 5-day at 45 F keeping quality test followed by careful study of contamination sources has greatly improved shelf life of pasteurized fluid milk and cream and has represented a real economic advantage to plants adopting the program.
AIR-BORNE MICROORGANISM POPULATIONS IN FOOD PACKAGING AREAS1,2
Authors: Heldman D. R. , Hedrick T. I. , Hall C. W.
Published: November 2018

A slit air-sampler was used to ascertain the numbers of air-borne bacteria, yeasts and molds in dairy product packaging areas. The mean air-borne bacteria count for all food packaging areas investigated was below 6 per ft3. The highest mean count for a daily sampling period was just over 10 per ft3. The mean count for air-borne yeasts was 2 per ft3 for all samples collected. About 17% of all counts were less than 1 yeast per 5 ft3. The mean air-borne mold count for all samples was over 12 per ft3 with nearly 10% of the counts over 20 per ft3. A mean count in cottage cheese packaging was over 22 mold per ft3 while mean counts for individual sampling days revealed populations as high as 67 mold per ft3. There were significant day to day variations in all areas and standard deviations of daily sampling periods indicated significant variations within 4-hr test periods. Some degree of correlation between worker activity and air-borne counts was indicated by the results. However, it is evident that other factors also contribute to the air-borne population.
THE EFFECTS OF PROCESSING AND STORAGE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS ON CHLORINATED INSECTICIDE RESIDUE1, 2
Authors: Langlois B. E. , Liska B. J. , Hill D. L.
Published: November 2018

The effects of processing and storage of butter, ice cream, Swiss-type cheese, condensed milk, and dry whole milk powder from milk containing DDT, lindane, and DDT and lindane in combination were studied. The only change in structure occurred to DDT and lindane during drying of the milk into powder. Lindane suppressed the amount of DDT residue in milk when both insecticides were fed together. In general, the finished products other than dry whole milk contained the same amount of insecticide as the raw milk when expressed on a fat basis.
CONTAMINATION OF FROZEN VEGETABLES BY COAGULASE-POSITIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI1
Authors: Splittstoesser D. F. , Hervey G. E. R. , Wettergreen W. P.
Published: November 2018

The incidence of coagulase-positive staphylococci was determined in 112 samples of peas, green beans, and corn collected during different stages of processing for freezing. The highest staphylococcal counts were found in peas, 7.3 per g, while the greatest percentage of staphylococcal contaminated samples, 64%, was obtained with corn. The data indicated that although the hands of employees were a major source of these organisms, other factors were also involved. The gravity separator, used in the processing of peas, was found to be a potential area for staphylococcal build-up.
STUDIES WITH A BACTERIOPHAGE INHIBITORY MEDIUM
Authors: Henning D. R. , Sandine W. E. , Elliker P. R. , Hays Helen A.
Published: November 2018

A phage resistant starter culture medium was examined for its ability to inhibit bacteriophages under several conditions. The medium also was tested for its ability to support growth of single strain starter culture organisms and for its effect on viability of starter bacteria during storage at 2 and −20 C. When prepared according to manufacturer's directions, the medium prevented phage proliferation and eliminated phages from infected cultures within three transfers. Preparation of the medium with water of 500 ppm hardness did not affect its phage-inhibiting properties. Single strains of Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus cremoris and Streptococcus diacetilactis grew well in the medium though there was variation between strains; Leuconostoc species were not able to grow well. Storage survival of starter organisms in the phage resistant medium also revealed considerable variation between strains; Leuconostoc sp. and S. diacetilactis survived poorly when stored in the medium, especially at 2 C, while S. lactis and S. cremoris survived well when held at −20 C.
SOME FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR VARIATION IN COUNTING SOMATIC CELLS ON PRESCOTT-BREED SMEARS OF MILK1
Authors: Schneider R. , Jasper D. E.
Published: November 2018

By means of direct microscopic observation of cells in stained smears and projection of a series of color transparencies, differences in criteria used by individuals for identification of cells to be counted in Prescott-Breed smears were discovered and described. Extensive studies revealed a unique pattern of cell distribution within smears which can materially affect the outcome of a cell count depending upon the area selected for cell counting. Among other factors, variation in size of the smear was found to have a marked affect upon resultant sample count.
LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN RESEARCH ON BOTULISM1
Authors: Foster E. M. , Sugiyama H.
Published: November 2018

Research on C. botulinum is proceeding throughout the world at a pace never before equalled, with greatest emphasis on type E. It is now clear that this organism is widley distributed in the aquatic environment and may be a frequent contaminant of fish and other marine animals. Much is still to be learned about its ecology and why it occurs in higher concentrations in some environments than in others. Although a large body of information has accumulated about the organism's characteristics, there is still much to be done before the public can be protected with certainty against further outbreaks.
EFFECT OF PSEUDOMONADS AND ACHROMOBACTERACEAE ON GROWTH OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS1,2
Authors: Seminiano Erlinda N. , Frazier W. C.
Published: November 2018

Pseudomonas and Achromobacteraceae cultures, mostly from foods, were tested for their effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus 196E in Trypticase Soy Broth at different temperatures (10 to 30 C) and with different ratios of effectors to staphylococci in inocula. Most cultures inhibited the staphylococcus, with inhibition becoming greater with decreasing proportions of S. aureus in the inoculum and decreasing temperatures of incubation, but inhibition usually was not as great as had been found with most coliform and lactic acid bacteria. Only a few of the Pseudomonas cultures could keep numbers of S. aureus below 5 × 106 cells per ml, even with an initial ratio of effectors to staphylococci of 100 : 1 and a low incubation temperature, although most cultures of Pseudomonas and Achromobacteraceae delayed the attainment of these numbers. Especially effective in inhibition of S. aureus were strains of Pseudomonas striata and P. mildenbergii or convexa, and a culture of Alcaligenes viscolactis.

At 15 C Pseudomonas fluorescens, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Achromobacter xerosis stimulated S. aureus enough during early growth to hasten the attainment of hazardous numbers of staphylococci by several hours. At 15, 25 and 30 C most cultures, however, delayed the growth of S. aureus, and all kept maximal numbers of staphylococci below those reached by the coccus growing alone, although numbers usually were less by only about one- to two-thirds.

Most strains of two Pseudomonas species affected S. aureus similarly, and the effects of eight species of effectors on two strains of S. aureus were, for the most part, similar.
EFFECT OF A HIGH-LEVEL AND A LOW-LEVEL MILK PIPELINE ON MILK FAT ACID DEGREE VALUES1
Authors: Gholson J. H. , Gelpi A. J. , Frye J. B.
Published: November 2018

Dairy farm milk pipelines located 2 ft below normal udder level and 4 ft above, respectively, were used to determine the effect of milk pipeline height on induced lipolysis. Three trials involving 86 cows and 54 observations were made. The combined data from the three groups, when averaged, indicated mean spontaneous Acid Degree Value increases above mean initial values of 0.68 for the low line and 1.16 for the high line. These results were highly significant (P <0.01) with milk handled through the high line showing a mean ADV increase of 0.48 more than the low line.
VARIATIONS IN TEMPERATURE OF FARM BULK TANK MILK AT TIME OF PICK UP1
Authors: Randolph H. E. , Langlois B. E. , Conner D. J.
Published: November 2018

A study was made of the temperature of bulk tank milk at the time of pick up. The study included 534 Grade A producers from routes of 29 bulk tank haulers, with 22 brands of tanks ranging in age from <1 to >10 yr. Actual temperatures of milk at the time of pick up ranged from 0 to 12.8C (32 to 55 F). Differences were observed in the temperature of the top layer of milk before agitation and the blend temperature after agitation. Butterfat particles and ice were observed in approximately 8% and 2% of the tanks, respectively.

Approximately 8% of the bulk tank thermometers were either broken or out of order. About 20% of the tank thermometers' readings did not check within ± 3F of those of a test thermometer. The majority of the bulk tank haulers did not carry or use a test thermometer to check the temperature of the milk.
Arguments for austerity, old and new: the British Treasury in the 1920s and the Bundesfinanzministerium in the 2010s
Authors: Cardim de Carvalho Fernando J.
Published: November 2018

Much of the criticism directed at austerity programs implemented after the 2007/2008 financial crisis, more forcefully in the eurozone, have relied on the same arguments Keynes and others raised against the (British) Treasury View developed in the 1920s and 1930s. Austerity, however, has been proposed most insistently in the 2010s by European authorities, led by the German Federal Ministry of Finance, the Bundesfinanzministerium (BMF). While the arguments for austerity then and now share some common elements, there are enough original arguments being presented by the BMF to make many of the criticisms ineffective. The paper reconstructs both views, the Treasury's and the BMF's, to show and evaluate their similarities and their differences.
Early Pliocene vegetation and hydrology changes in western equatorial South America
Authors: Grimmer Friederike , Dupont Lydie , Lamy Frank , Jung Gerlinde , González Catalina , Wefer Gerold
Published: November 2018

Abstract. During the early Pliocene, two major tectonic events triggered a profound
reorganization of ocean and atmospheric circulation in the eastern equatorial
Pacific (EEP), in the Caribbean Sea, and on adjacent land masses: the
progressive closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS) and the uplift of
the Northern Andes. These affected, among other things, the mean latitudinal
position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The direction of an
ITCZ shift, however, is still debated, as numeric modeling results and
paleoceanographic data indicate shifts in opposite directions. To provide new
insights into this debate, an independent hydrological record of western
equatorial South America was generated. Vegetation and climate of this area
were reconstructed by pollen analysis of 46 samples from marine sediments of
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 1239A from the EEP comprising the interval between 4.7 and 4.2 Ma.
The study site is sensitive to latitudinal ITCZ shifts insofar as a southward
(northward) shift would result in increased (decreased) precipitation over
Ecuador. The presented pollen record comprises representatives from five
ecological groups: lowland rainforest, lower montane forest, upper montane
forest, páramo, and broad range taxa. A broad tropical rainforest
coverage persisted in the study area throughout the early Pliocene, without
significant open vegetation beyond the páramo. Between 4.7 and 4.42 Ma,
humidity increases, reaching its peak around 4.42 Ma and slightly decreasing
again afterwards. The stable, permanently humid conditions are rather in
agreement with paleoceanographic data, indicating a southward shift of the
ITCZ, possibly in response to CAS closure. The presence of páramo
vegetation indicates that the Ecuadorian Andes had already reached
considerable elevation by the early Pliocene. Future studies could extend the
hydrological record of the region further back into the late Miocene to see
if a more profound atmospheric response to tectonic changes occurred earlier.
Fluvial response to changes in the magnitude and frequency of sediment supply in a 1-D model
Authors: Müller Tobias , Hassan Marwan A.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. In steep headwater reaches, episodic mass movements can deliver large volumes
of sediment to fluvial channels. If these inputs of sediment occur with a
high frequency and magnitude, the capacity of the stream to rework the
supplied material can be exceeded for a significant amount of time. To study
the equilibrium conditions in a channel following different episodic sediment
supply regimes (defined by grain size distribution, frequency, and magnitude
of events), we simulate sediment transport through an idealized reach with
our numerical 1-D model “BESMo” (Bedload Scenario Model). The model
performs well in replicating flume experiments of a similar scope (where
sediment was fed constantly, in one, two, or four pulses) and allowed the
exploration of alternative event sequences. We show that in these
experiments, the order of events is not important in the long term, as the
channel quickly recovers even from high magnitude events. In longer
equilibrium simulations, we imposed different supply regimes on a channel,
which after some time leads to an adjustment of slope, grain size, and
sediment transport that is in equilibrium with the respective forcing
conditions. We observe two modes of channel adjustment to episodic sediment
supply. (1) High-frequency supply regimes lead to equilibrium slopes and
armouring ratios that are like conditions in constant-feed simulations. In
these cases, the period between pulses is shorter than a “fluvial evacuation
time”, which we approximate as the time it takes to export a pulse of
sediment under average transport conditions. (2) In low-frequency regimes the
pulse period (i.e., recurrence interval) exceeds the “fluvial evacuation
time”, leading to higher armouring ratios due to the longer exposure of the
bed surface to flow. If the grain size distribution of the bed is fine and
armouring weak, the model predicts a decrease in the average channel slope.
The ratio between the “fluvial evacuation time” and the pulse period
constitutes a threshold that can help to quantify how a system responds to
episodic disturbances.
DEVELOPING TRAINING PROGRAMS IN REMOTE SENSING AND GEOSPATIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Pendyala V.S.S.N. G. K. , Vijayan D.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Capacity building programmes of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) are aimed at transfer of technology in the field of Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics for monitoring and sustainable development. ISRO Carries out its capacity building through IIRS, NRSC, SAC, IIST and CSSTEAP. As part of the ISROs’ programmes, NRSC is engaged in the capacity building by conducting Regular, Thematic and Customized training courses to enable the effective utilization of Remote Sensing, Geospatial Technologies and its Applications. The main focus of NRSC training programmes is to develop skill sets in usage of these technologies to the efficient and effective development of the country. The target participants for NRSC training programmes are decision makers, implementers and working professionals, who attend short duration courses of 1, 2 and 12 weeks. This paper provides information on the training courses conducted by NRSC in the field of Geospatial Applications and also, discuss on the methodology to upgrade these training courses using multi-level approach in meeting user needs/requirements more effectively. The flexibility offered by this method by utilizing the web based and other enabling technologies is discussed.
ESTIMATION OF BIOMASS AND CARBON POOL IN BARKOT FOREST RANGE, UK USING GEOSPATIAL TOOLS
Authors: Attri P. , Kushwaha S. P. S.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The forest ecosystem is an important carbon sink and source containing majority of the aboveground terrestrial organic carbon. Carbon management in forests is the global concern to mitigate the increased concentration of green house gases in the atmosphere. The present study estimated vegetation carbon pool and biophysical spectral modelling to correlate biomass with reflectance/ derivatives in Barkot Forest Range, Uttarakhand. The study was carried out using Cartosat-1, IRS-P6 LISS-IV MX, IRS LISS-III, Landsat 7 ETM satellite data and ground data collected from stratified random sampling. Forest type and forest crown density was mapped using resolution merged Cartosat-1 and LISS-IV imagery. Growing stock, biomass and carbon was calculated for the individual sample plots using inventory-based biomass assessment technique. Field-inventoried data was correlated with the surface reflectance and derivatives of it. Among the four vegetation types, viz. Shorea robusta, S. robusta mixed, S. robusta Tectona grandis mixed, T. grandis plantation, mixed plantation, Grassland and Agriculture/ orchard, the S.robusta was found to be the dominant vegetation in the area, covering 55.86 km2 of the total area. The study revealed that the S.robusta with high density had the highest aboveground biomass (AGB) (t/ha) was found in S.robusta > 70% (530 t ha−1), followed by S.robusta 40–70% (486 t ha−1) and minimum was found in mixed plantation < 10% (101  ha−1). The general trend showed the decrease in AGB with decrease of forest density in each forest type category. The average AGB of S. robusta T. grandis forest was found (308 t ha−1–458 t ha−1) due to the dominancy of S. robusta trees. The study highlighted the invaluable role of geospatial technology and field inventory for growing stock, biomass and carbon assessment.
INTERCOMPARISON OF DIFFERENT RAINFALL PRODUCTS AND VALIDATION OF WRF MODELLED RAINFALL ESTIMATION IN N-W HIMALAYA DURING MONSOON PERIOD
Authors: Roy A. , Thakur P. K. , Pokhriyal N. , Aggarwal S. P. , Nikam B. R. , Garg V. , Dhote P. R. , Choksey A.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Extreme precipitation events are responsible for major floods in any part of the world. In recent years, simulations and projection of weather conditions to future, with Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models like Weather Research and Forecast (WRF), has become an imperative component of research in the field of atmospheric science and hydrology. The validation of modelled forecast is thus have become matter of paramount importance in case of forecasting. This study delivers an all-inclusive assessment of 5 high spatial resolution gridded precipitation products including satellite data products and also climate reanalysis product as compared to WRF precipitation product. The study was performed in river basins of North Western Himalaya (NWH) in India. Performance of WRF model is evaluated by comparing with observational gridded (0.25° × 0.25°) precipitation data from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). Other products include TRMM Multi Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42-v7 product (0.25° × 0.25°) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) product (0.1° × 0.1°). Moreover, climate reanalysis rainfall product from ERA Interim is also used. Bias, Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Square Error, False Alarm Ratio (FAR), Probability of False Detection (POFD), and Probability of Detection (POD) were calculated with particular rainfall thresholds. TRMM and GPM products were found to be sufficiently close to the observations. All products showed better performance in the low altitude areas i.e. in planes of Upper Ganga and Yamuna basin and Indus basin, and increase in error as topographical variation increases. This study can be used for identifying suitability of WRF forecast data and assessing performance of other rainfall datasets as well.
DELINEATING ECO-SENSITIVE ZONES USING GEOSPATIAL METHODS – A TEST CASE OF JHILMIL JHEEL CONSERVATION RESERVE
Authors: Prakash V. , Saran S. , Talukdar G.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Most of the protected areas (PAs) in India have a hard boundary; very rarely having a transition zone to minimise the negative human wildlife interface. With increasing anthropogenic pressures, areas surrounding PAs are becoming integral for conservation. Government of India introduced a concept of Eco-sensitive Zones (ESZ) around PAs to minimise anthropogenic pressures and regulate rapid development in these areas. However, delineation of ESZs is a complex process and may take a long time. In this paper, a novel geospatial approach has been presented to delineate ESZ using a species centric approach. A case study using Swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelli duvaucelli) as focal species was explored for its potential to delineate ESZ around protected area Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve (JJCR) located in Uttarakhand India. Maximum entropy or Maxent model was used to identify habitat suitability. Normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), altitude, land cover and distance to roads were used as co-variates. Seasonal variations for habitat suitability were also considered. In this study habitat suitability map of swamp deer was further rationalised based on habitat fragmentation and management limitations and proposed as ESZ of JJCR. This approach for delineation of ESZ can be very useful for PAs in India which have focal species and are yet to declare their ESZ.
AN EVALUATION OF MULTI TIER APPROACH TOWARDS CAPACITY BUILDING AND INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING THROUGH APPLICATION OF GEO SPATIAL TECHNOLOGY IN PURVIEW OF AMRUT SCHEME
Authors: Das S. , Raju P. L. N. , Nongkynrih J. M.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Many initiatives around the world are emphasising to strengthen the capacities of civil society and local governments to build resilience towards the context of urban planning. The Indian cities are experiencing rapid growth with share of country’s urban population increasing from 27% in 2001 to 32% in 2011. Majority of this growth has taken place in an unplanned and haphazard manner, the ill-effects of which are manifested in the form of poor quality of urban life. In order to ensure a planned development, the Govt. of India has launched the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) Mission which has a sub-scheme on ‘Formulation of GIS Based Master Plan for AMRUT cities’.In order to Achieve these ambitions, and realising the potential for cities to contribute effectively to addressing the challenges of development, will require new skills and competencies towards technological advancements and their application within individual households, urban communities, formal civil society, and municipal governments. To this end, North Eastern Space Applications Centre (NESAC), Umiam, Meghalaya in association with Town & Country Planning Organization, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Govt. of India, initiated the training programme on “Formulation of GIS Based Master Plans”. The training programmes inculcates on the use of GIS and Remote sensing techniques for the formulation of Master Plans through a Tier based Approach with a vision to entrench existing relationships and to achieve more transformative change that meets the needs of all urban residents.
A WEB-BASED VIRTUAL LABORATORY FOR SATELLITE IMAGE PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS
Authors: Buddhiraju K. M. , Eeti L. N. , Tiwari K. K.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. With continuous increase in the utilization of satellite images in various engineering and science fields, it is imperative to equip students with additional educational aid in subject of satellite image processing and analysis. In this paper a web-based virtual laboratory, which is accessible via internet to anyone around the world with no cost or constraints, is presented. Features of the laboratory has been discussed in addition to details regarding system architecture and its implementation. Virtual laboratory is tested by students, whose responses are also presented in this paper. Future development of this laboratory is outlined in the end.
Long-Term Survival and Glycemic Control with Toceranib Phosphate and Prednisone for a Metastatic Canine Insulinoma
Authors: Flesner Brian K. , Fletcher Jon M. , Smithee Taylor , Boudreaux Bonnie
Published: November 2018

Canine insulinoma is a highly metastatic neoplasm that is associated with a guarded to poor prognosis in dogs with distant metastases. A median survival of 6 mo has been reported for dogs with metastatic insulinoma. The dog in this report, diagnosed with stage III pancreatic insulinoma, had long-term glycemic control with survival of over 24 mo while receiving prednisone and toceranib phosphate after partial pancreatectomy. Toceranib phosphate has been shown to be an efficacious therapy for canine mast cell tumors with increasing evidence that it may be beneficial in the medical management of neuroendocrine tumors.
THE POSSIBILITY OF COPROCESSING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE - MSW IN CLINKER KILNS TO CEMENT PRODUCTION
Authors: Meystre J. A. , Silva R. J.
Published: November 2018

The objective of this paper is to present an analysis of coprocessing in a cement production plant using Municipal Solid Waste - MSW as a secondary fuel and show the main advantages that burn into a incineration plant. The manufacture of Portland cement is a process that requires a large consumption of thermal and electrical energy and front of the immense worldwide energetic demand has increased its value every day. The typical operating cost involving this energy achieves 40% of the final product and due to increasing world consumption justifies the efforts to reduce the costs associated with its production. The use of high efficiency equipment coupled with the replacement of fossil fuels and conventional raw material for alternative products has given good results. The method of disposal of MSW in landfills in large urban centers is being used less and less. The creation of environmental laws increasingly severe shortages of allied areas not disturbed and the high cost of construction and operation of landfills hinders its viability. Moreover, there is a problem related to the emissions  of gaseous and liquid effluents that help raise the cost for its control and treatment. The MSW, when recovered and separated, can become recyclable products and as energy sources. After separation of the usable material (organic matter and recyclable), remaining MSW materials with sufficient calorific value can be used in kilns to produce clinker. Moreover, the ash resulting from combustion may be incorporated in the clinker decreasing the initial amount of raw material. The use of MSW as alternative fuel has shown to be feasible in the clinker kiln, but their use is still limited by their availability, since their segregation is rarely practiced. The substitution of alternative inputs introduce restrictions to the process which must be safely handled in order to ensure the minimum quality and productivity of cement production plants. The use of MSW must have a thorough characterization of your composition, because of directly influences in the final product.
TWO-PHASE FRICTION FACTOR IN GAS-LIQUID PIPE FLOW
Authors: Ortiz-Vidal L. E. , Mureithi N. , Rodriguez O. M. H.
Published: November 2018

An improved friction factor prediction model for two-phase gas-liquid pipe flow is proposed. The model is based on a previous no-slip formulation where a mixture Reynolds number was defined. In this study, the mixture Reynolds number is modified by introducing slip-ratio information through the inclusion of void-fraction and flow-pattern dependent models. An experimental database reconstituted from the available literature and new frictional pressure-drop data for air-water horizontal flow in an I.D. 0.0204m pipe are also presented. The full database considers several different flow conditions for horizontal two-phase flow of refrigerants and air-water mixtures. It was compared to predictions of models from the literature as well as the new proposed model. We found that the proposed and Müller-Steinhagen-and-Heck methods provide better agreement for the current experimental database. It is shown that the inclusion of void-fraction information on the previous mixture Reynolds definition improves the friction-factor prediction
INCORPORATION OF A TWO-FLUX MODEL FOR RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN A COMPREHENSIVE FLUIDIZED BED SIMULATOR PART I: PRELIMINARY THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Rabi J. A. , De Souza Santos M. L.
Published: November 2018

Over the last two decades, a comprehensive mathematical model and its corresponding computational program, aimed to simulate steady-state operations of bubbling fluidized bed equipments, has been continuously improved and tested. Despite its success, the simulator has employed a simple approach for radiative heat transfers. In cases of high temperatures, thermal radiation becomes an important energy transfer mode and the original model could lead to deviations above acceptable levels. The purpose of the present work was to improve the model for thermal radiation heat transfer between all solid particles in the bed section by applying a two-flux method to a non-homogeneous polydispersed particulate media in radiative equilibrium. Gases in the emulsion and in the bubbles were assumed transparent to thermal radiation. This first part of the paper presents and discusses the basic structure of the former mathematical model and of the new one.
Structure Property Correlation of Thin Wall Ductile Iron
Authors: Upadhyaya Rajat , Singh Kamlesh Kumar
Published: November 2018

This research work concerns an assessment of the effect of one step inoculation method on thin section castings (2-5) mm analyzed. In this study inoculants representing Ce, Zr and Sr bearing Fe-Si alloys were used. It has been observed that section thickness of 2 mm thin plate containing Ce bearing Fe-Si alloys at 0.4wt% contain mainly pearlitic matrix having microhardness (HV20), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and percentage of elongation are 272 HV, 720 MPa and 4.5% respectively. It was observed that wear of 2 mm section thickness of thin plate containing Ce bearing Fe-Si alloys have greater wear resistance (272HV) compare to Zr bearing Fe-Si alloys (262HV) and Sr bearing Fe-Si alloys (259HV) respectively at 0.4wt% due to reason of pearlitic and ferritic volume fraction contents present in matrix.
Teachers’ ethos today: expectations and opinions
Authors: Pękala Joanna Ludwika
Published: November 2018

The type of qualification and the extent of professional practice are important elements in the appraisal of a professional. However, these categories are too narrow to characterise a particular teacher. That is why this paper presents a study on teachers’ ethos carried out in 2014. It was conducted among the group of 132 teachers and 123 parents with the use of questionnaires on paper or online. The main purpose of the study was to determine if ethos is still present on the list of social requirements for teachers, and whether its perception has changed in the course of time. The results revealed high levels of familiarity with the term among the respondents as well as the gradual decline of the value of ethos in the work of teachers.
Dynamic Analysis of Nucleosides and Carbohydrates during Developmental Stages of Cordyceps militaris in Silkworm (Bombyxmori)
Authors: Wang Lan-Ying , Liang Xiao , Zhao Jing , Wang Ying , Li Shao-Ping
Published: November 2018

Background: Cultured Cordyceps militaris is very popular. Objective: To gain dynamic insight into activity markers in fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) in Bombyxmori (B. mori), also named silkworm. Methods: The development stages of samples at 3, 9, 12, 19, 27, and 33 days after inoculation (DAI) were collected. HPLC coupled with diode array detection and evaporative light-scattering detection method (HPLC–DAD–ELSD) was used to determine eight makers, including six nucleosides and two carbohydrates from the samples. Results: C. militaris cultured 33 DAI with fifth star silkworm larva could accumulate higher levels of cordycepin (13.43 mg/g) than the highest reported cordycepin (8.57 g/L). The contents of cordycepin, adenosine, and trehalose were gradually increased with the formation of C. militaris fruiting bodies on silkworm larva, while mannitol was decreased. The change of guanosine was similar to uracil. Conclusions: Results suggested that mannitol could be accumulated in a short period during mycelium growth and could metabolize and transform into energy store and trehalose during fruit body formation. The inosine in the insect was completely utilized and transformed. The synergistic formation of cordycepin and adenosine or differences in metabolized pathways are a great possibility according to the same trend. Highlights: This research offered some reference to further find a certain regularity or metabolic mechanism.
Combining Survival and Toxicity Effect Sizes from Clinical Trials: NCCTG 89-20-52 (Alliance)
Authors: Major-Elechi Brittny T. , Novotny Paul J. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Bonner James A. , Dueck Amylou C. , Sargent Daniel J. , Grothey Axel , Sloan Jeff A.
Published: November 2018

Background: How can a clinician and patient incorporate survival and toxicity information into a single expression of comparative treatment benefit? Sloan et al. recently extended the ½ standard deviation concept for judging the clinical importance of findings from clinical trials to survival and tumor response endpoints. A new method using this approach to combine survival and toxicity effect sizes from clinical trials into a quality-adjusted effect size is presented.
Methods: The quality-adjusted survival effect size (QASES) is calculated as survival effect size (ESS) minus the calibrated toxicity effect sizes (EST) (QASES=ESS-EST). This combined effect size can be weighted to adjust for the relative emphasis placed by the patient on survival and toxicity effects.
Results: As an example, consider clinical trial NCCTG 89-20-52 which randomized patients to once-daily thoracic radiotherapy (ODTRT) versus twice-daily treatment of thoracic radiotherapy (TDRT) for the treatment of lung cancer. The ODTRT vs. TDRT arms had median survival time of 22 vs. 20 months (p=0.49) and toxicity rate of 39% vs. 54%, (p<0.05). The QASES of 0.18 standard deviations translates to a quality-adjusted survival difference of 5.7 months advantage for the ODRT arm over the TDRT treatment arm (22(16.3) months), p<0.05). Similar results are presented for the four possible case combinations of significant/non-significant survival and toxicity benefits using completed clinical trials.
Conclusions: We used a novel approach to re-analyze clinical trial data to produce a single estimate for each treatment that combines survival and toxicity data. The QASES approach is an intuitive and mathematically simple yet robust approach.
Les usages du passé comme marqueurs des transformations de la culture politique québécoise en regard des débats constitutionnels (1960-1971)
Authors: Brousseau Desaulniers Antoine
Published: November 2018

Cet article propose de retracer les changements observables dans l’instrumentalisation du passé par les responsables politiques québécois dans le cadre de la montée en importance de la question constitutionnelle au cours des années 1960. L’étude des débats parlementaires et des discours prononcés par les responsables politiques permet de regrouper les conflits de représentations qui ont lieu en trois « moments » de la culture politique québécoise de cette décennie. Ainsi, l’enjeu de l’héritage de Maurice Duplessis cède le pas à la question de la cohabitation entre les deux peuples fondateurs de la Confédération à la veille du centenaire de celle-ci. Cette question, d’abord consensuelle, est éventuellement l’objet de déchirements spectaculaires entre les acteurs du champ politique québécois.
Politiques de sécurité et unités de police pacificatrice à Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Dias Felix Annabelle
Published: November 2018

La sécurité publique est un enjeu qui s’est imposé à la ville de Rio de Janeiro au début des années 2000. Les méga-événements sportifs ont accéléré le processus de réforme des politiques publiques de sécurité. En 2008, le gouverneur de l’État de Rio de Janeiro, Sergio Filho Cabral, met en place une politique « de pacification » de la ville. Le principal objet de cette politique réside en la création d’unités de police pacificatrice (UPP), une forme de police de proximité dont la mission est de réduire les taux de violence et de criminalité dans les favelas. Une nouveauté dans le paysage des politiques de sécurité de la région, puisque, jusqu’alors, les seules politiques de sécurité implantées dans les favelas consistaient en des opérations d’occupations ponctuelles répressives. L’instauration d’une politique de pacification pose donc des questions concernant sa mise en oeuvre sur le terrain. Comment met-on en place une police de proximité dans des endroits où l’État a longtemps été considéré comme absent ? Dans quelle mesure les policiers ne reproduisent-ils pas les pratiques habituelles violentes et répressives ? Quelle est la place du policier sur le terrain et comment construit-il une relation de proximité avec la population ?
Pour un postdoctorat réussi : les douze pièges à éviter1
Authors: Daigneault Pierre-Marc
Published: November 2018

Le postdoctorat est de plus en plus populaire auprès des doctorants et des nouveaux docteurs en science politique qui aspirent à une carrière universitaire pour laquelle il y a beaucoup d’appelés et peu d’élus. Mais comment obtenir du financement postdoctoral et réussir son postdoctorat ? Je réponds à cette question à partir de mon expérience personnelle. Après avoir présenté les différents types de postdoctorat, je discute des « pièges » à éviter relatifs au candidat, au projet de recherche et à la demande de financement. Je conclus sur une note positive en proposant aux chercheurs postdoctoraux des objectifs ambitieux mais atteignables.
Evaluation of criteria for meaningful Aboriginal consultation in Canada during environmental assessment
Authors: Walker Tony R
Published: November 2018

Developments on traditional Aboriginal territory in Canada often require environmental assessments (EAs) to predict potential environmental and social impacts. Impacts considered during the Canadian government’s (Crown) consultation process (between the Crown, Aboriginals and proponents), is known as the Duty to Consult (DtC). The DtC is a legal requirement under the Constitution Act, 1982 and case law, which provides opportunities for Aboriginal rights and interests to be protected by identifying and mitigating impacts. Scope of consultation depends on the strength of Aboriginal claim and level of adverse impacts. However, in Canada, there is a lack of DtC guidelines. Whilst a lack of guidelines offers flexibility, it also presents many implementation challenges. Current DtC practices often result in proponent withdrawal, delays, protests, conflict and creates risks to project development. This paper assesses application of DtC criteria (established in EA literature), and compares them against three recent case studies across Canada. Although results show some inadequate practices, there are examples of effective DtC criteria which help reduce impacts to Aboriginal rights and land. Recommendations to improve the DtC process that benefit all stakeholders includes: increased Crown guidance to proponents; acknowledging benefits of Free, Prior, Informed Consent; increased utilization of measures outlined in EA legislation including extensions and suspensions; and stronger, earlier consultation legislation in federal and provincial EA guidelines. The above recommendations seek to reveal that more effective consultations are those which prioritize relationship building, consensus seeking and are responsive to each First Nations circumstances. Although qualitative, this study provides evidence based criteria for effective Aboriginal consultation approaches within the Canadian EA process.
Angiopoietin-4-dependent venous maturation and fluid drainage in the peripheral retina
Authors: Elamaa Harri , Kihlström Minna , Kapiainen Emmi , Kaakinen Mika , Miinalainen Ilkka , Ragauskas Symantas , Cerrada-Gimenez Marc , Mering Satu , Nätynki Marjut , Eklund Lauri
Published: November 2018

The maintenance of fluid homeostasis is necessary for function of the neural retina; however, little is known about the significance of potential ﬂuid management mechanisms. Here, we investigated angiopoietin-4 (Angpt4, also known as Ang3), a poorly characterized ligand for endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2, in mouse retina model. By using genetic reporter, fate mapping, and in situ hybridization, we found Angpt4 expression in a specific sub-population of astrocytes at the site where venous morphogenesis occurs and that lower oxygen tension, which distinguishes peripheral and venous locations, enhances Angpt4 expression. Correlating with its spatiotemporal expression, deletion of Angpt4 resulted in defective venous development causing impaired venous drainage and defects in neuronal cells. In vitro characterization of angiopoietin-4 proteins revealed both ligand-specific and redundant functions among the angiopoietins. Our study identifies Angpt4 as the first growth factor for venous-specific development and its importance in venous remodeling, retinal fluid clearance and neuronal function.
(Des)conjunturas das Políticas Setoriais para a Dança: uma análise do papel da FUNARTE e do Edital Klauss Vianna
Authors: Matos Lúcia
Published: November 2018

O tema da institucionalização das políticas culturais no Brasil passa a ser discutido a partir dos anos de 1930, com ações direcionadas para algumas linguagens artísticas. A área da dança só passa a ser abordada nas políticas culturais federais após a criação da FUNARTE, em 1975, mas ainda de modo incipiente. Este artigo apresenta uma contextualização sobre as políticas setoriais para a dança no âmbito federal, a partir de 2003, situando a estruturação dessas políticas na FUNARTE. Além disso, analisa indicadores do Prêmio Funarte de Dança Klauss Vianna, presentes no relatório “Editais de Fomento 2006-2015” (BRASIL, 2016), relacionando-o com perspectivas apontadas pelos indivíduos participantes da pesquisa “Mapeamento da Dança” (MATOS e NUSSBAUMER, 2016), sobre os editais federais para o setor.
Apresentação
Authors: Botelho Isaura , Nussbaumer Gisele
Published: November 2018

Apresentação do dossiê Políticas Culturais para as Artes