bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional regulation of wound suberin deposition in potato cultivars with differential wound healing capacity
Authors: Wahrenburg Zachary , Benesch Elizabeth , Lowe Catherine , Jimenez Jazmin , Vulavala Vijaya K. R. , Lü Shiyou , Hammerschmidt Ray , Douches David , Yim Won C. , Santos Patricia , Kosma Dylan K.
Published: April 2021

Wounding during mechanical harvesting and post‐harvest handling results in tuber desiccation and provides an entry point for pathogens resulting in substantial post​‐harvest crop losses. Poor wound healing is a major culprit of these losses. Wound tissue in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers, and all higher plants, is composed of a large proportion of suberin that is deposited in a specialized tissue called the wound periderm. However, the genetic regulatory pathway controlling wound‐induced suberization remains unknown. Here, we implicate two potato transcription factors, StMYB102 (PGSC0003DMG400011250) and StMYB74 (PGSC0003DMG400022399), as regulators of wound suberin biosynthesis and deposition. Using targeted metabolomics and transcript profiling from the wound healing tissues of two commercial potato cultivars, as well as heterologous expression, we provide evidence for the molecular–genetic basis of the differential wound suberization capacities of different potato cultivars. Our results suggest that (i) the export of suberin from the cytosol to the apoplast and ligno‐suberin deposition may be limiting factors for wound suberization, (ii) StMYB74 and StMYB102 are important regulators of the wound suberization process in tubers, and (iii) polymorphisms in StMYB102 may influence cultivar‐specific wound suberization capacity. These results represent an important step in understanding the regulated biosynthesis and deposition of wound suberin and provide a practical foundation for targeted breeding approaches aimed at improving potato tuber storage life.
Still willing and able to contribute: donor perspectives on donating blood in later life
Authors: Thorpe Rachel , Masser Barbara M. , Nguyen Lilly , Davison Tanya E.
Published: April 2021

Background and objectives

With greater numbers of Australians living longer with healthier lives, older adults could make a greater contribution to whole‐blood and plasma donor panels. Understanding the experiences and attitudes of middle‐aged to older Australians towards blood donation may provide opportunities to develop strategies to engage, recruit and retain older donors.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 34 donors aged 50 and over with diversity of donation experiences and age at which they first donated. The interviews focussed on becoming and remaining a donor, donating in later life and intentions to continue donating.

Results

For some older people, being a blood donor is an important social role associated with a sense of themselves as healthy, knowledgeable and able to make a valuable contribution to the community. The majority of participants believed that age should not be a barrier to continued donation and that eligibility should be based on health and not age.

Conclusion

Older donors intend to continue to donate for as long as they are eligible or until they perceive themselves ineligible. Recommendations are provided for strategies to engage with older donors.
Advancing Evidence‐Based Practice Through Implementation Science: Critical Contributions of Doctor of Nursing Practice‐ and Doctor of Philosophy‐Prepared Nurses
Authors: McNett Molly , Masciola Randee , Sievert Deana , Tucker Sharon
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Describe the evolution of implementation science and the roles and potential collaborations of doctorally prepared nurses to advance implementation science in practice settings.

Methods

Review of academic preparation and areas of expertise for doctorally prepared nurses as it relates to implementation science and evidence‐based practice (EBP).

Findings

There have been substantial gains in the number of academic programs in healthcare that include content on EBP, resulting in healthcare teams that are motivated to align practices with best evidence. Unfortunately, many EBP initiatives stall during early stages of implementation, resulting in fragmented practices and persistent gaps between evidence and practice. Implementation science aims to bridge this gap and provides a structured, science‐based approach to implementation. Few healthcare teams are familiar with implementation science, and many do not incorporate knowledge from the field when implementing EBPs. Doctorally prepared nurses are in a unique position to serve as leaders in EBP implementation due to the breadth and depth of academic preparation and their pivotal roles across practice settings.

Conclusions

Collaboratively aligning existing strengths of PhD and DNP prepared nurses with knowledge of implementation science can advance implementation of EBP across practice settings to effectively incorporate and sustain meaningful change to improve outcomes.

Linking Evidence to Action section

Doctorally prepared nurses are in a unique position to advance and apply the science of implementation in practice settings. Nurse scientists can generate evidence on effective strategies and outcomes among healthcare teams to successfully integrate evidence based practices into routine care. Nurse leaders and educators can apply these findings and use an implementation science approach when leading clinical teams in evidence‐based practice changes.
Effects of Resistance Training With Machines and Elastic Tubes on Functional Capacity and Muscle Strength in Community-Living Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Safons Marisete P. , de Lima Milene S.N. , Gonçalves Karina F.L. , de Souza Junior Gerson A. , Barreto Tito L.C. , Oliveira Anderson José S. , Ribeiro Alexandre L.A. , dos Santos Couto Paz Clarissa C. , Gentil Paulo , Bottaro Martim , Martins Wagner R.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training with machines and elastic tubes on functional capacity and muscular strength in older women aged 60 years or over. The participants were randomized into two groups: a machine group (n = 23) and an elastic group (n = 20). They performed 12 weeks of progressive resistance training, twice a week, with similar exercises. Outcomes were assessed at three time points: baseline, postintervention, and 8 weeks after the end of the training. A significant intragroup effect was demonstrated for both groups at postintervention on functional tests and muscle strength. For the functional reach test and elbow flexion strength (180°/s), only the machine group demonstrated significant intragroup differences. No differences were observed between groups for any outcome. At the 8-week follow-up, functional capacity outcome values were maintained. The muscle strength outcome values decreased to baseline scores, without differences between groups.
Acute Blood Pressure Effects in Older Adults with Hypertension After Different Modalities of Exercise: An Experimental Study
Authors: Cunha Raphael M. , Arsa Gisela , Oliveira-Silva Iransé , Ferreira Rocha Izabela , Machado Lehnen Alexandre
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the acute blood pressure (BP) effects of different exercise modalities in older adults with hypertension. Sixty volunteers were randomly assigned (n = 15/group) into different exercise protocols: resistance, bike, water-based exercise (WE), and a control session—all for ∼45 min. Clinic BP measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 15 and 30 min after protocols. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance; generalized estimating equations, following Bonferroni post hoc (p < .05). Immediately after exercise, the systolic BP (SBP) increased in all exercise protocols (resistance exercise = Δ10.3, bike exercise = Δ5.8, WE = Δ9.5 mmHg; p < .001), while the diastolic BP was not altered. Afterward, the SBP reached the value observed before exercise. In Minute 30, only WE presented a significant reduction for SBP (WE = Δ−4.6 mmHg; p < .05). This study has important clinical implications in hemodynamic safety for acute BP increases immediately after exercises, as well as, in the SBP, reduction benefits for older adults with hypertension.
Self-organization of nanoparticles and molecules in periodic Liesegang-type structures
Authors: Ackroyd Amanda J. , Holló Gábor , Mundoor Haridas , Zhang Honghu , Gang Oleg , Smalyukh Ivan I. , Lagzi István , Kumacheva Eugenia
Published: April 2021

Solvent evaporation from a suspension of cellulose nanocrystals and
l
-(+)-tartaric acid leads to periodic ring-type patterns.
Leaf-inspired homeostatic cellulose biosensors
Authors: Kim Ji-Yong , Yun Yong Ju , Jeong Joshua , Kim C.-Yoon , Müller Klaus-Robert , Lee Seong-Whan
Published: April 2021

Sticky like a leaf: Cellulose biosensors accurately and continuously monitor bio-signals with a homeostatic sensor-skin interface.
Direct detection of 5-MeV protons by flexible organic thin-film devices
Authors: Fratelli Ilaria , Ciavatti Andrea , Zanazzi Enrico , Basiricò Laura , Chiari Massimo , Fabbri Laura , Anthony John E. , Quaranta Alberto , Fraboni Beatrice
Published: April 2021

The direct detection of 5-MeV protons by a flexible organic thin-film device is here reported.
Blackbody-sensitive room-temperature infrared photodetectors based on low-dimensional tellurium grown by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Peng Meng , Xie Runzhang , Wang Zhen , Wang Peng , Wang Fang , Ge Haonan , Wang Yang , Zhong Fang , Wu Peisong , Ye Jiafu , Li Qing , Zhang Lili , Ge Xun , Ye Yan , Lei Yuchen , Jiang Wei , Hu Zhigao , Wu Feng , Zhou Xiaohao , Miao Jinshui , Wang Jianlu , Yan Hugen , Shan Chongxin , Dai Jiangnan , Chen Changqing , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei , Hu Weida
Published: April 2021

Low-dimensional Te-based photodetectors exhibit blackbody response and achieve record-set performance metrics.
Probing charge pumping and relaxation of the chiral anomaly in a Dirac semimetal
Authors: Cheng Bing , Schumann Timo , Stemmer Susanne , Armitage N. P.
Published: April 2021

Using time domain magneto-THz spectroscopy, chiral anomaly in a Dirac semimetal is unambiguously resolved in a noncontact manner.
Development of Wastewater Pooled Surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from Congregate Living Settings
Authors: Colosi Lisa M. , Barry Katie E. , Kotay Shireen M. , Porter Michael D. , Poulter Melinda D. , Ratliff Cameron , Simmons William , Steinberg Limor I. , Wilson D. Derek , Morse Rena , Zmick Paul , Mathers Amy J.
Published: April 2021

Some of the most severe outbreaks of COVID-19 have taken place in places where persons live together, such as nursing homes. Wastewater testing from individual buildings could be used for frequent pooled surveillance of virus from all occupants, including those who are contagious, with or without symptoms.
Localised renal Langerhans cell histiocytosis coexisting with unilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Yasin Saddam , Uzoaru Ike , Maurer Gregory
Published: April 2021

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an uncommon group of disorders, which can be either localised or systemic, characterised by abnormal proliferation of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. These disorders represent an aberrant response of myeloid progenitor cells. Bones are the most commonly affected organ but there can be involvement of the skin, lungs, liver and spleen. Renal involvement, however, is rare. LCH is the most commonly seen in children but certain rare forms such as Erdheim-Chester disease can be seen in adults. In this report, we present a case of clear cell renal adenocarcinoma (CCRC) admixed with LCH in a patient with history of smoking and presenting with abdominal pain and heamaturia. Imaging revealed left renal lesion and subsequently left renal nephrectomy was performed with tissue biopsy showing grade 3 clear cell renal cell carcinoma admixed with neoplastic LCH.
Rare case of primary small-cell neuroendocrine breast carcinoma
Authors: Pankratjevaite Lina , Holmqvist Mette , Samulionis Amuras , Hoyer Ute
Published: April 2021

Small-cell breast cancer is a very rare and aggressive type of neuroendocrine carcinoma. Histologically, it is indistinguishable from small-cell neuroendocrine lung cancer. Due to that, patients with small-cell neuroendocrine breast cancer should undergo examination of other areas of the body. Small-cell breast cancer may be treated with a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. However, no standard treatment exists due to the small number of cases. We present a case of a 49-year-old woman with right breast primary small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Hearing impairment as an unusual presenting sign ofCryptococcus gattiimeningoencephalitis
Authors: Gong Sophie , Sivabalan Pirathaban , Eisen Damon P
Published: April 2021

Hearing loss is an unusual presenting feature ofCryptococcus gattiimeningoencephalitis. Two cases of HIV-negative patients who presented with hearing loss are discussed and a literature review of published cases was conducted. Possible mechanisms for hearing loss withC. gattiiinfection are explored. This case series aims to raise awareness among clinicians that hearing loss can be a concerning feature in patients with persistent headache necessitating further investigation.
Energy drink-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Fisk Gracie , Hammond-Haley Matthew , D'Silva Andrew
Published: April 2021

We report a case of severe biventricular heart failure potentially related to excessive energy drink consumption in a 21-year-old man. The patient presented with a 4-month history of shortness of breath on exertion, orthopnoea and weight loss. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated severely impaired biventricular systolic function and bilateral ventricular thrombi, subsequently confirmed on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, which found in addition no oedema, inflammation or focal fibrosis. Blood tests, renal ultrasound and subsequent abdominal MRI demonstrated severe renal failure caused by a chronic obstructive uropathy, long-standing and previously undiagnosed. There was no significant past medical, family or social history other than excessive intake of an energy drink. This case report adds to the growing concern in the literature about the potential cardiotoxic effects of energy drinks, which should be considered when assessing young patients presenting with a non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Subdural haematoma, the great imitator, mimicking acute spinal cord lesion
Authors: Shiga Kensuke , Tamura Aiko
Published: April 2021

Acute non-traumatic paraparesis is usually caused by vascular, inflammatory or neoplastic myelopathies; however, it is sometimes caused by non-myelopathic pathologies, including polyradiculoneuropathies, myopathies, psychogenic aetiologies or parasagittal cortical pathologies. A 73-year-old woman reported weakness of the bilateral lower limbs and urinary incontinence. Together with the sensory level at the left T6 dermatome, we initially considered thoracic myelopathy as the most likely diagnosis. However, MRI of the cervicothoracic cord was negative and subsequent cranial CT revealed a bilateral subdural haematoma. A parasagittal cortical pathology should not be excluded from differential diagnoses as a rare cause of paraparesis until its possibility is carefully ruled out.
Concurrence of peripunctal nevus and uveal melanoma with scleral pigment dispersion presenting as phthisis bulbi
Authors: Ghose Neha , Vempuluru Vijitha S , Jakati Saumya , Kaliki Swathi
Published: April 2021

This case report demostrates an unusual occurence of peripunctal nevus and uveal melanoma, in which the clinical diganosis of uveal melanoma was masked by the atypical presentation as phthisis bulbi. Nevertheless, peculiar scleral pigment hinted at a possible intraocular tumour. The importance of meticulous clinical examination in assessment of ocular and periocular pigmented lesions is demonstrated. Further, clinicopathological differentials of correlation scleral pigmentation in diffuse necrotic uveal melanoma are illustrated.
End-to-end convolutional neural network enables COVID-19 detection from breath and cough audio: a pilot study
Authors: Coppock Harry , Gaskell Alex , Tzirakis Panagiotis , Baird Alice , Jones Lyn , Schuller Björn
Published: April 2021

Background

Since the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019, multidisciplinary research teams have wrestled with how best to control the pandemic in light of its considerable physical, psychological and economic damage. Mass testing has been advocated as a potential remedy; however, mass testing using physical tests is a costly and hard-to-scale solution.

Methods

This study demonstrates the feasibility of an alternative form of COVID-19 detection, harnessing digital technology through the use of audio biomarkers and deep learning. Specifically, we show that a deep neural network based model can be trained to detect symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases using breath and cough audio recordings.

Results

Our model, a custom convolutional neural network, demonstrates strong empirical performance on a data set consisting of 355 crowdsourced participants, achieving an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics of 0.846 on the task of COVID-19 classification.

Conclusion

This study offers a proof of concept for diagnosing COVID-19 using cough and breath audio signals and motivates a comprehensive follow-up research study on a wider data sample, given the evident advantages of a low-cost, highly scalable digital COVID-19 diagnostic tool.
Endurance exercise and the risk of cardiovascular pathology in men: a comparison between lifelong and late-onset endurance training and a non-athletic lifestyle - rationale and design of the Master@Heart study, a prospective cohort trial
Authors: De Bosscher Ruben , Dausin Christophe , Claus Piet , Bogaert Jan , Dymarkowski Steven , Goetschalckx Kaatje , Ghekiere Olivier , Belmans Ann , Van De Heyning Caroline M , Van Herck Paul , Paelinck Bernard , El Addouli Haroun , La Gerche André , Herbots Lieven , Heidbuchel Hein , Willems Rik , Claessen Guido
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Low and moderate endurance exercise is associated with better control of cardiovascular risk factors, a decreased risk of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation (AF). There is, however, a growing proportion of individuals regularly performing strenuous and prolonged endurance exercise in which the health benefits have been challenged. Higher doses of endurance exercise have been associated with a greater coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden, risk of AF and myocardial fibrosis (MF).

Methods and analysis

Master@Heart is a multicentre prospective cohort study aiming to assess the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis, AF and MF in lifelong endurance athletes compared to late-onset endurance athletes (initiation of regular endurance exercise after the age of 30 years) and healthy non-athletes.

The primary endpoint is the incidence of mixed coronary plaques. Secondary endpoints include coronary calcium scores, coronary stenosis >50%, the prevalence of calcified and soft plaques and AF and MF presence. Tertiary endpoints include ventricular arrhythmias, left and right ventricular function at rest and during exercise, arterial stiffness and carotid artery intima media thickness.

Two hundred male lifelong athletes, 200 late-onset athletes and 200 healthy non-athletes aged 45–70 will undergo comprehensive cardiovascular phenotyping using CT, coronary angiography, echocardiography, cardiac MRI, 12-lead ECG, exercise ECG and 24-hour Holter monitoring at baseline. Follow-up will include online tracking of sports activities, telephone calls to assess clinical events and a 7-day ECG recording after 1 year.

Ethics and dissemination

Local ethics committees approved the Master@Heart study. The trial was launched on 18 October 2018, recruitment is complete and inclusions are ongoing.

Trial registration number

NCT03711539.
Counterpoint: challenges and limitations of transcatheter aortic valve implantation for aortic regurgitation
Authors: Huded Chetan P , Allen Keith B , Chhatriwalla Adnan K
Published: April 2021

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for isolated aortic regurgitation (AR) comprises <1.0% of all TAVI procedures performed in the USA. In this manuscript, we review the challenges, evidence and future directions of TAVI for isolated AR. There are no randomised clinical trials or mid-term data evaluating TAVI for isolated AR, and no commercially available devices are approved for this indication. Challenges in performing TAVI for isolated AR as opposed to aortic stenosis (AS) include: lack of a calcified anchoring zone for valve deployment, large and dynamic size of the aortic annulus and high stroke volume (during systole) and regurgitant volume (during diastole) across the aortic annulus during each cardiac cycle. Observational studies have shown that outcomes of TAVI for AR are worse than outcomes of TAVI for AS. However, newer generation TAVI devices may perform better than older generation devices in patients with AR. Two emerging valves (the JenaValve and the J-Valve) are designed with mechanisms to anchor in a non-calcified annulus, and these valves have shown promise for AR. Data on these devices are limited, and clinical investigation is ongoing. Randomised clinical trials are needed to establish TAVI as a safe and effective treatment for isolated AR.
Contemporary use of excimer laser in percutaneous coronary intervention with indications, procedural characteristics, complications and outcomes in a university teaching hospital
Authors: Jawad-Ul-Qamar Muhammad , Sharma Harish , Vetrugno Vincenzo , Sandhu Kully , Ludman Peter F , Doshi Sagar N , Townend Jonathan N , Osheiba Mohammed , Zaphiriou Alex , Khan Sohail Q
Published: April 2021

Background

Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) can be used as an adjunctive percutaneous coronary intervention treatment for challenging, heavily calcified lesions. Although previous studies have documented high rates of complication and restenosis, these predate the introduction of the smaller 0.9 mm laser catheter. As the coronary complexity has increased, there has been a renewed interest in the ELCA. This study investigates the indications, procedural characteristics, complications and outcomes of ELCA in a contemporary coronary interventional practice.

Methods

This single-centre study retrospectively analysed 50 patients treated with ELCA between January 2013 and January 2019.

Results

Patients had a mean age of 67.9±11.4 years with a male predominance (65.3%). 25 (50%) cases were performed in patients with stable angina. Failure to deliver the smallest available balloon/microcatheter was the most frequent indication in 32 (64%) cases for ELCA use. 30 (60%) of the procedures were performed via radial access. The 0.9 mm X-80 catheter was used in 41 (82%) of cases, delivering on average 9000±3929 pulses. ELCA-related complications included 2 coronary dissections and 1 perforation, all of which were covered with stents. No major complications could be directly attributed to the use of ELCA. There was one death and one case of stent thrombosis within 30 days of the procedure.

Conclusion

ELCA can be performed safely via the radial approach with a 0.9 mm catheter with a high success rate by suitably trained operators. The low procedure-related complications with contemporary techniques make this a very useful tool for complex coronary interventions, especially for difficult to dilate lesions and chronic total occlusion vessels.
The effects of different spacing allowances in the pullet phase on the eggshell and bone quality of hens in the laying phase
Authors: Pereira A. , Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki R. , Kiarie E.G.
Published: April 2021

Eggshell and bone quality were investigated at 72 wk of age (WOA) using Lohmann Brown and Dekalb White hens raised with a rearing spacing allowance (SA) of 247 and 299 cm2·bird−1 from days 0 to 16 before being transferred to a common SA (755 cm2·bird−1) for lay cycle. Eggshell thickness, breaking strength, along with tibia and femur weight, breaking strength, length, and ash were measured at 72 WOA. Strain and SA did not interact on any above parameter (P > 0.05). Hens reared in high SA during the pullet phase had heavier tibia and more femur ash, indicating rearing environment during the pullet phase influences the bone quality of hens in the late laying stage (P < 0.05).
Freezing impact on cone dehiscence, samara release, and seed germination in Casuarina cunninghamiana (Casuarinaceae)
Authors: Riley Ian T. , Saygı A. Hayriye
Published: April 2021

Freezing as a climatic extreme can contribute to patterns of plant distribution by potentially impacting mechanisms of seed release. Therefore, the impact of freezing on samara release and seed germination in infructescences (cones) of Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. was assessed. Cones at field moisture content were frozen (22 h) and thawed (2 h) through zero to five cycles. Freezing impaired cone dehiscence and samara release (<1% samaras released with ≥2 freezing cycles) and reduced germination from frozen samaras still in the cone (30% to 50% loss in total germination with one to five freezing cycles, respectively). Seed germination from a sample of air-dried samaras was only mildly impacted (10% drop in total germination with five freezing cycles). This vulnerability of C. cunninghamiana to freezing damage, particularly samara release, appears to be a novel finding for woody perennials with fruiting structures that are retained in the canopy during winter. Vulnerability to freezing damage also appears to be a potential factor in species persistence and invasiveness.
Physical modeling of vanishing bores in open-channel flows
Authors: Li Youkai , Chanson Hubert
Published: April 2021

When an undular bore propagates upstream against a subcritical flow in a flat channel, its leading front may weaken and vanish. The present study physically investigated the entire decaying process of vanishing bores in a relatively large facility. The invert was made of mobile or fixed natural river gravel. Detailed sampling of water surface elevations and velocities was performed in combination with high-resolution photos and video recordings. Despite some increased turbulence characteristics linked to the bore front arrival, no sediment motion was observed underneath the vanishing bores. The quantitative results provide a unique benchmark dataset for further study of later-stage bore propagations.
4,4′-Dichloro-diphenyl diselenide modulated oxidative stress that differently affected peripheral tissues in streptozotocin-exposed mice
Authors: Marques Luiza S. , Zborowski Vanessa A. , Heck Suélen O. , Fulco Bruna C.W. , Nogueira Cristina W.
Published: April 2021

Streptozotocin (STZ) is a substance used experimentally to induce a diabetes model, a metabolic disease associated with oxidative tissue damage. This study evaluated if 4-4′-dichloro-diphenyl diselenide (p-ClPhSe)2 modulates oxidative stress in peripheral tissues of diabetic mice. Male Swiss mice received a single STZ injection (i.p.) at a dose of 200 mg/kg or its vehicle and were treated with (p-ClPhSe)2 (7 days, 5 mg/kg) or metformin (200 mg/kg, twice per day). After, the mice were euthanized to collect liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle samples. In the liver, (p-ClPhSe)2 reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl levels and normalized the superoxide dismutase activity in STZ-treated mice. In the kidney, (p-ClPhSe)2 reversed the increase in the reactive species levels but not the catalase (CAT) activity reduction in STZ-treated mice. There was no evidence of oxidative damage in the skeletal muscle of STZ-treated mice, but an increase in the CAT activity and a reduction in non-protein thiol levels were found. (p-ClPhSe)2 did not reverse a decrease in hepatic and renal δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in STZ-treated mice. The results show that the liver and kidney of STZ-treated mice were more susceptible to oxidative stress. This study reveals that (p-ClPhSe)2 modulated oxidative stress, which differently affected peripheral tissues of diabetic mice.
Polyphase gold mineralization at the Yaou deposit, French Guiana
Authors: Combes Vincent , Eglinger Aurélien , André-Mayer Anne-Sylvie , Teitler Yoram , Heuret Arnauld , Gibert Pierre , Béziat Didier
Published: April 2021

The Yaou deposit, located in French Guiana within the Guiana Shield, is one of the most promising gold deposits of the regional Paleoproterozoic greenstone belt. It displays numerous quartz monzodiorite bodies aligned along a sinistral shear zone where a five-deformation phases model is established at the camp scale. The ductile D
1/2YA
phase is responsible for the main penetrative foliation while the D
3YA
phase is related to shearing. An intrusive event is identified as being pre to syn-D
3YA
. The following phase D
4YA
represents a brittle quartz-carbonate veining set hosted preferentially within intrusive bodies and along the shear zone. A local D
5YA
brecciation event crosscuts the D
4YA
veins. Among this deformation history, two auriferous events (D
3YA
and D
4YA
) control the overall grade of the Yaou gold deposit. More specifically, most of the Au grade is associated with the main economic D
4YA
veining event, where the gold is visible and linked to Py
4
within an ankerite/hematite rich alteration halo. At the microscopic scale, results of
in situ
analyses using LA-ICP-MS on pyrite show that metasediment-hosted Py
0
is a primary source of submicroscopic gold having a low contribution to the total endowment. Py
3
shows some gold content due to possible remobilization of Au
D0YA
. Gold in Py
4
is found as submicroscopic gold, as micro-inclusions and as infilling fractures in association with elements such as Te, Ag and Bi. Most contribution to the Au grade is from micro-inclusions and, to a lesser extent, from free and submicroscopic gold. The ore shoot locations are lithologically controlled for Au
D0YA
(metasedimentary unit-hosted), structurally controlled (shear zone-hosted) for Au
D3YA
and rheologically controlled for the Au
D4YA
(intrusion-hosted). The deposit is clearly polyphase both at the macroscopic and the microscopic scales, invisible gold is associated with As whereas visible gold is observed as inclusions in pyrite with high contents of Ag, Te and Bi. We define an early low-grade enrichment of Au
D0YA
to Au
D3YA
followed by a later high-grade event, Au
D4YA
supporting polyphase mineralization processes. This study confirms that orogenic gold deposits can be formed by remobilization and/or new gold inputs during multiple deformation, veining and hydrothermal events.
Market2Dish: Health-aware Food Recommendation
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Duan Ling-Yu , Jiang Hao , Jing Peiguang , Song Xuemeng , Nie Liqiang
Published: April 2021

With the rising incidence of some diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, the healthy diet is arousing increasing attention. However, most existing food-related research efforts focus on recipe retrieval, user-preference-based food recommendation, cooking assistance, or the nutrition and calorie estimation of dishes, ignoring the personalized health-aware food recommendation. Therefore, in this work, we present a personalized health-aware food recommendation scheme, namely, Market2Dish, mapping the ingredients displayed in the market to the healthy dishes eaten at home. The proposed scheme comprises three components, namely, recipe retrieval, user health profiling, and health-aware food recommendation. In particular, recipe retrieval aims to acquire the ingredients available to the users and then retrieve recipe candidates from a large-scale recipe dataset. User health profiling is to characterize the health conditions of users by capturing the textual health-related information crawled from social networks. Specifically, to solve the issue that the health-related information is extremely sparse, we incorporate a word-class interaction mechanism into the proposed deep model to learn the fine-grained correlations between the textual tweets and pre-defined health concepts. For the health-aware food recommendation, we present a novel category-aware hierarchical memory network–based recommender to learn the health-aware user-recipe interactions for better food recommendation. Moreover, extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the health-aware food recommendation scheme.
Multi-human Parsing with a Graph-based Generative Adversarial Model
Authors: Li Jianshu , Zhao Jian , Lang Congyan , Li Yidong , Wei Yunchao , Guo Guodong , Sim Terence , Yan Shuicheng , Feng Jiashi
Published: April 2021

Human parsing is an important task in human-centric image understanding in computer vision and multimedia systems. However, most existing works on human parsing mainly tackle the single-person scenario, which deviates from real-world applications where multiple persons are present simultaneously with interaction and occlusion. To address such a challenging multi-human parsing problem, we introduce a novel multi-human parsing model named MH-Parser, which uses a graph-based generative adversarial model to address the challenges of close-person interaction and occlusion in multi-human parsing. To validate the effectiveness of the new model, we collect a new dataset named Multi-Human Parsing (MHP), which contains multiple persons with intensive person interaction and entanglement. Experiments on the new MHP dataset and existing datasets demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in addressing the multi-human parsing problem compared with existing solutions in the literature.
Conditional LSTM-GAN for Melody Generation from Lyrics
Authors: Yu Yi , Srivastava Abhishek , Canales Simon
Published: April 2021

Melody generation from lyrics has been a challenging research issue in the field of artificial intelligence and music, which enables us to learn and discover latent relationships between interesting lyrics and accompanying melodies. Unfortunately, the limited availability of a paired lyrics–melody dataset with alignment information has hindered the research progress. To address this problem, we create a large dataset consisting of 12,197 MIDI songs each with paired lyrics and melody alignment through leveraging different music sources where alignment relationship between syllables and music attributes is extracted. Most importantly, we propose a novel deep generative model, conditional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)–Generative Adversarial Network for melody generation from lyrics, which contains a deep LSTM generator and a deep LSTM discriminator both conditioned on lyrics. In particular, lyrics-conditioned melody and alignment relationship between syllables of given lyrics and notes of predicted melody are generated simultaneously. Extensive experimental results have proved the effectiveness of our proposed lyrics-to-melody generative model, where plausible and tuneful sequences can be inferred from lyrics.
360-Degree VR Video Watermarking Based on Spherical Wavelet Transform
Authors: Liu Yanwei , Liu Jinxia , Argyriou Antonios , Ma Siwei , Wang Liming , Xu Zhen
Published: April 2021

Similar to conventional video, the increasingly popular 360

 virtual reality (VR) video requires copyright protection mechanisms. The classic approach for copyright protection is the introduction of a digital watermark into the video sequence. Due to the nature of spherical panorama, traditional watermarking schemes that are dedicated to planar media cannot work efficiently for 360

 VR video. In this article, we propose a spherical wavelet watermarking scheme to accommodate 360

 VR video. With our scheme, the watermark is first embedded into the spherical wavelet transform domain of the 360

 VR video. The spherical geometry of the 360

 VR video is used as the host space for the watermark so that the proposed watermarking scheme is compatible with the multiple projection formats of 360

 VR video. Second, the just noticeable difference model, suitable for head-mounted displays (HMDs), is used to control the imperceptibility of the watermark on the viewport. Third, besides detecting the watermark from the spherical projection, the proposed watermarking scheme also supports detecting watermarks robustly from the viewport projection. The watermark in the spherical domain can protect not only the 360

 VR video but also its corresponding viewports. The experimental results show that the embedded watermarks are reliably extracted both from the spherical and the viewport projections of the 360

 VR video, and the robustness of the proposed scheme to various copyright attacks is significantly better than that of the competing planar-domain approaches when detecting the watermark from viewport projection.
Attribute-wise Explainable Fashion Compatibility Modeling
Authors: Yang Xin , Song Xuemeng , Feng Fuli , Wen Haokun , Duan Ling-Yu , Nie Liqiang
Published: April 2021

With the boom of the fashion market and people’s daily needs for beauty, clothing matching has gained increased research attention. In a sense, tackling this problem lies in modeling the human notions of the compatibility between fashion items, i.e., Fashion Compatibility Modeling (FCM), which plays an important role in a wide bunch of commercial applications, including clothing recommendation and dressing assistant. Recent advances in multimedia processing have shown remarkable effectiveness in accurate compatibility evaluation. However, these studies work like a black box and cannot provide appropriate explanations, which are indeed of importance for gaining users’ trust and improving their experience. In fact, fashion experts usually explain the compatibility evaluation through the matching patterns between fashion attributes (e.g., a
silk
tank top cannot go with a
knit
dress). Inspired by this, we devise an attribute-wise explainable FCM solution, named
ExFCM
, which can simultaneously generate the item-level compatibility evaluation for input fashion items and the attribute-level explanations for the evaluation result. In particular, ExFCM consists of two key components: attribute-wise representation learning and attribute interaction modeling. The former works on learning the region-aware attribute representation for each item with the threshold global average pooling. Besides, the latter is responsible for compiling the attribute-level matching signals into the overall compatibility evaluation adaptively with the attentive interaction mechanism. Note that ExFCM is trained without any attribute-level compatibility annotations, which facilitates its practical applications. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets validate that ExFCM can generate more accurate compatibility evaluations than the existing methods, together with reasonable explanations.
Using Dirichlet Marked Hawkes Processes for Insider Threat Detection
Authors: Zheng Panpan , Yuan Shuhan , Wu Xintao
Published: April 2021

Malicious insiders cause significant loss to organizations. Due to an extremely small number of malicious activities from insiders, insider threat is hard to detect. In this article, we present a
Dirichlet Marked Hawkes Process (DMHP)
to detect malicious activities from insiders in real-time. DMHP combines the Dirichlet process and marked Hawkes processes to model the sequence of user activities. The Dirichlet process is capable of detecting unbounded user modes (patterns) of infinite user activities, while, for each detected user mode, one set of marked Hawkes processes is adopted to model user activities from time and activity type (e.g., WWW visit or send email) information so that different user modes are modeled by different sets of marked Hawkes processes. To achieve real-time malicious insider activity detection, the likelihood of the most recent activity calculated by DMHP is adopted as a score to measure the maliciousness of the activity. Since the majority of user activities are benign, those activities with low likelihoods are labeled as malicious activities. Experimental results on two datasets show the effectiveness of DMHP.
Research on Multifeature-Based Superposter Identification in Online Learning Forums
Authors: Luo Changri , Zhang Xinhua , He Tingting , Zhang Yong , Xiong Neal , Lu Zizhou
Published: April 2021

With the development of online learning and distance education, online learners’ discussions in forums become increasingly effective to facilitate learning. Superposters, who play a more and more important role in forums, have attracted researchers’ close attention. The key to the research is how to identify superposters among a large number of participants. Some studies focus on the network interaction of superposters and some content-related features but neglect the basic quality like language expression that a superposter should possess and the learning-related features like learning collaboration. Based on the analysis of online learning corpus, through network interaction and combination of the different features of N-gram, the paper proposed the superposter identification method based on the three primary features including language expression (L), content quality (C), and social network interaction (S) and the eight secondary features including learning collaboration. The paper applied the method in the real online learning forum corpus for identifying 28 preset superposters, achieving the results of

P
@
15
=
1.0

,

Avg
.P
@
15
=
1.0

,

P
@
28
=
0.86

, and

Avg
.P
@
28
=
0.95

. Experiments showed that this was an effective superposter identification method in online learning forums.
Investigating the Relationship between Traffic Violations and Crashes at Signalized Intersections: An Empirical Study in China
Authors: Jiang Ze-Hao , Yang Xiao-Guang , Sun Tuo , Wang Tao , Yang Zheng
Published: April 2021

About 90% of traffic crashes are caused by human factors, within which traffic violations are one of the most typical and common causes. In order to investigate the relationship between traffic violations and traffic crashes, this research targets signalized intersections in two Chinese cities: Yinchuan and Suqian. Thirty-one intersections are selected as the research sites, and additionally, the traffic volume, traffic violation, and traffic crash data of each intersection are collected for one year. A White’s test is conducted to test the homoscedasticity of the data and a multiple linear regression model is employed to investigate the relationship between traffic crashes and violations. The results show the following: (1) although the research sites are located in two different cities, the data is homoscedastic, which suggests that the above result may be statistically stable between different cities. (2) There is a significant multiple linear regression relationship (R2 = 0.782, adjusted R2 = 0.716) between the total number of traffic crashes and traffic violations. Among the chosen 7 independent variables, four are significantly related to the dependent variable, namely, driving commercial vehicle during internship, wrong-way entry, speeding, and traffic-light violation. (3) With the increase of annual average daily traffic (AADT), the number of total crashes goes up; however, the injury-or-fatality rate decreases, which means that intersections with smaller traffic volumes tend to have higher traffic crash severity. Based on the above conclusions, it is possible to conduct more targeted enforcement to improve the safety of intersections.
Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration in Glaucoma
Authors: Duarte Joao N.
Published: April 2021

The exact mechanism of retinal ganglion cell loss in the pathogenesis of glaucoma is yet to be understood. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction have been linked to Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy and autosomal dominant optic atrophy, as well as to brain neurodegenerative diseases. Recent evidence shows that, in conditions where mitochondria are damaged, a sustained inflammatory response and downstream pathological inflammation may ensue. Mitochondrial damage has been linked to the accumulation of age-related mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction, possibly through aberrant reactive oxygen species production and defective mitophagy. The present review focuses on how mitochondrial dysfunction may overwhelm the ability of neurons and glial cells to adequately maintain homeostasis and how mitochondria-derived DAMPs trigger the immune system and induce neurodegeneration.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Is Feasible in Cervical Cancer Laparoscopic Surgery: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hou Hongyi , Dai Yibo , Liang Sichen , Wang Zhiqi , Wang Jianliu
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy efficiency has been confirmed in various solid tumors. This study aimed to assess SLN biopsy feasibility in clinical application and explore how to improve its detection rates and diagnostic accuracy in cervical cancer laparoscopic surgery. Methods. A total of 100 cervical cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery with SLN biopsy were included. Indocyanine green, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), and a combination of both were used during surgeries. Detection rates, sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV) of SLN biopsy, and related factors were analyzed. Results. The overall and bilateral SLN detection rates were 92% (92/100) and 74% (74/100), respectively. Combined tracers had higher bilateral SLN detection rates than CNPs alone (

p
=
0.005

). Menopause and lymph node metastasis were associated with lower overall and bilateral SLN detection rates (

p
<
0.05

). SLN biopsy sensitivity and NPV for lymph node metastasis in patients with at least one detected SLN were 81.8% (9/11) and 97.3% (72/74), respectively. Among those with bilateral detected SLNs, higher sensitivity and NPV of 87.5% (7/8) and 98.3% (57/58) were observed, respectively. SLN algorithm can ensure that all patients with lymph node metastasis are detected by SLN biopsy. Conclusion. SLN biopsy appears to be safe and effective for specific cervical cancer patients with high detection rates and NPV in laparoscopic surgery, especially for those with detected bilateral SLNs and undergoing the SLN algorithm. Selecting suitable patients for SLN mapping has prospects for clinical application.
The Novel Regulatory Role of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Axis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Liu Dingsheng , Zuo Xiaojia , Zhang Peng , Zhao Rui , Lai Donglin , Chen Kaijie , Han Yuru , Wan Guoqing , Zheng Yanjun , Lu Changlian , Gu Xuefeng
Published: April 2021

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects motor neurons, causing muscle atrophy, bulbar palsy, and pyramidal tract signs. However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of ALS have not been elucidated to date. In this study, a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed by analyzing the expression profiles of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that were matched by 7 ALS samples and 4 control samples, and then a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify the genes related to ALS. Gene Ontology (GO) was used to study the potential functions of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in the ceRNA network. For the ALS and control groups, 247177 potential lncRNA-mRNA ceRNA relationship pairs were screened. Analysis of significant relationship pairs demonstrated that the PPI modules formed by the MALAT1-regulated SYNRG, ITSN2, PICALM, AP3B1, and AAK1 genes may play important roles in the pathogenesis of ALS, and these results may help to characterize the pathogenesis of ALS.