bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update of Paspalum sect. Pectinata (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae)
Authors: DELFINI CAROLINA , SOUZA VINICIUS CASTRO , ZULOAGA FERNANDO OMAR
Published: September 2017

A taxonomic revision and nomenclatural update for Paspalum sect. Pectinata is presented. This section comprises seven species distributed from southern Mexico to Peru, Bolivia and southern Brazil, and is characterized by having linear to lanceolate blades, inflorescences subdigitate or conjugate with a winged rachis, and upper glume and lower lemma 3–7-nerved. We include 16 names and propose lectotypes for Paspalum aspidiotes, P. contractum, P. cordatum, P. lanciflorum and P. pectinatum. Also, after examination of herbarium specimens, a new synonym for Paspalum reticulinerve is proposed. The revision was based on a review of the relevant literature, study of types and materials from 43 herbaria. Descriptions, distribution maps, illustrations and comments are presented for each species, and a key to all species is included.
Polystichum alluvium (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae), a new cave species from Guizhou, China, with reference to new distribution records of P. leveillei
Authors: LU NGAN THI , DUAN YI-FAN , ZHANG LI-BING
Published: September 2017

A new fern species, Polystichum alluvium, a member of P. subg. Haplopolystichum (Dryopteridaceae), is described from Guizhou Province in Southwest China. Polystichum alluvium is similar to P. lanceolatum in having small habit and subcoriaceous pinnae, but the former has oblanceolate laminae with basal pinnae strongly contracted toward lamina base, deltoid-ovate and sessile pinnae, and very short spinules on acroscopic pinna margins or no spinules, while the latter has lanceolate laminae with basal pinnae not contracted toward lamina base, oblong and petiolate pinnae, and long spinules on acroscopic pinna margins. Polystichum alluvium was found from the alluvial bottom of a karst cave at an elevation of 1410 m with humid and shady conditions and is currently known from one population with ca. 50 plants in western Guizhou. It is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) following IUCN Red List criteria. We also expanded the distribution of P. leveillei to southern-central Guizhou based on our new collections.
Ontogeny as an important part of integrative taxonomy in tergipedid aeolidaceans (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) with a description of a new genus and species from the Barents Sea
Authors: KORSHUNOVA TATIANA , MARTYNOV ALEXANDER , PICTON BERNARD
Published: September 2017

The taxonomy of aeolidacean nudibranchs of the traditional group previously known as Tergipedidae is discussed. To integrate the diverse molecular phylogenetic pattern and morphological disparity in a broadly ontogenetic context a revised classification at the family level is presented. The families Calmidae Iredale & O'Donoghue, 1923, Eubranchidae Odhner, 1934, Fionidae Gray, 1857 s. str. (restricted, with the genus Fiona only), and Tergipedidae Bergh, 1889 s.str. (restricted, with inclusion of the genus Tergipes only) are restored. The families Cuthonidae Odhner, 1934 s.str. (restricted, with only single genus Cuthona), Cuthonellidae Miller, 1971, stat. nov., and Trinchesiidae Nordsieck, 1972 (with inclusion of the genera Catriona, Diaphoreolis, Phestilla, Tenellia, Trinchesia) are reinstated. At the genus level, the family Trinchesiidae appears as a most diverse assemblage that needs to be further divided. In the present study, the “Eolis” pustulata species complex is particularly investigated, including description of a new ontogenetically different species Zelentia ninel sp. nov. “Eolis” pustulata Alder & Hancock, 1854 and two closely related species are morphologically well separated from Trinchesia s. str. (absence of foot corners, narrow radular teeth) and form a distinct molecular phylogenetic clade basal to all the other Trinchesiidae. Therefore, this group is a distinct unit according to both morphological and molecular data and is separated here as a new genus, Zelentia gen. nov. The genus Catriona is also briefly discussed and the valid status of the species Catriona aurantia (Alder et Hancock, 1842) stat. nov. is confirmed.
A shallow-living benthic Rhodaliid siphonophore: citizen science discovery from Papua New Guinea
Authors: MAŃKO MACIEJ K. , WEYDMANN AGATA , MAPSTONE GILLIAN M.
Published: September 2017

Benthic siphonophores of the family Rhodaliidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) are extremely fragile, difficult to collect, and therefore little studied. Only a few records exist worldwide, so their ecology remains largely unknown. Rhodaliids have been found at most depth horizons, but until now were believed to mainly inhabit deeper water over continental shelves, with only a few records from ca. 100 m. In this paper, a new rhodaliid is described based on an underwater photograph provided by a recreational diver via Facebook. This observation was made in Milne Bay (Papua New Guinea) at a depth of 26–27 m, and constitutes the shallowest record so far for any rhodaliid. The specimen was tentatively identified as Archangelopsis typica based on observable morphological characters and an approximate estimate of connectivity between all rhodaliid species in the Indo-Pacific region. Additionally, we highlight the scientific potential of citizen science.
Morphological differentiation of the complex Pristurus sokotranus (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from Socotra (Yemen)
Authors: SANCHO VICENT , VASCONCELOS RAQUEL , LLORENTE GUSTAVO , SANTOS XAVIER
Published: September 2017

Islands are excellent geographic scenarios to study speciation and diversification processes. Among non-volant tetrapods, reptiles are a model group to illustrate these processes due to their low over-sea dispersal. Although biodiversity catalogues are rather complete on islands, remote archipelagos still show high levels of undescribed diversity, including several remarkable examples of cryptic and unrecognized diversity. This should be investigated using integrative approaches, including both morphological and molecular data. The Socotra Archipelago (Yemen), is one of the most isolated continental archipelagos worldwide where a recent barcoding study has identified high levels of undescribed diversity within the reptile community. For example, the endemic semaphore gecko Pristurus sokotranus, the commonest reptile species of the archipelago, is recovered as paraphyletic (with the species P. samhaensis endemic to Samha and Dharsa branching inside it) and shows three geographically structured deep mitochondrial lineages within Socotra Island. To further analyse this, we examined 28 morphological characters (pholidotic, biometrics, and colouration) of P. sokotranus in order to uncover traits that differentiate the three mitochondrial clades. General Linear Models identified a set of traits that differed among clades and sexes. The rate of correct assignment to lineages using a discriminant analysis was 90.90% for males and 90.62% for females. The three clades showed differences in elevation and microhabitat preferences, as well as spatial structure on their distribution range on Socotra. These results corroborate the barcoding study and help to identify P. sokotranus individuals of each clade in the field. Our study further suggests the need of future integrative taxonomic studies including the species P. samhaensis and nuclear markers to revise the current taxonomy of P. sokotranus.
A revision of the Paracanthocobitis zonalternans (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) species complex with descriptions of three new species
Authors: SINGER RANDAL A. , PFEIFFER JOHN M. , PAGE LAWRENCE M.
Published: September 2017

The Paracanthocobitis zonalternans species complex is revised based on analysis of morphological and molecular data. Three new species, P. nigrolineata, P. marmorata, and P. triangula are described, and P. phuketensis is removed from synonymy. All species are described morphologically, geographic ranges are delimited, and relationships are discussed for those for which molecular data (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 - COI) are available. In view of the morphological similarities of some of the species, a surprising result of this study was the moderately large genetic distances among species. Uncorrected COI p-distances between geographic clades of P. zonalternans ranged from 7.6–9.3%, suggesting that the species are reproductively isolated from one another even though morphological changes are minor. Paracanthocobitis phuketensis, distributed in several rivers draining to the Gulf of Thailand and to the Andaman Sea, shows considerable intraspecific variation that should be explored in detail for historical and ecological explanations. Cobitis chlorosoma McClelland, 1839 from Assam, India, is a synonym of P. botia, not P. zonalternans.
A Case Series of the Probability Density and Cumulative Distribution of Laryngeal Disease in a Tertiary Care Voice Center
Authors: de la Fuente Jaime , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Ossoff Robert , Vinson Kim , Francis David O. , Gelbard Alexander
Published: September 2017

Objective:

To examine the distribution of clinic and operative pathology in a tertiary care laryngology practice.

Methods:

Probability density and cumulative distribution analyses (Pareto analysis) was used to rank order laryngeal conditions seen in an outpatient tertiary care laryngology practice and those requiring surgical intervention during a 3-year period.

Results:

Among 3783 new clinic consultations and 1380 operative procedures, voice disorders were the most common primary diagnostic category seen in clinic (n = 3223), followed by airway (n = 374) and swallowing (n = 186) disorders. Within the voice strata, the most common primary ICD-9 code used was dysphonia (41%), followed by unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) (9%) and cough (7%). Among new voice patients, 45% were found to have a structural abnormality. The most common surgical indications were laryngotracheal stenosis (37%), followed by recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (18%) and UVFP (17%).

Conclusions:

Nearly 55% of patients presenting to a tertiary referral laryngology practice did not have an identifiable structural abnormality in the larynx on direct or indirect examination. The distribution of ICD-9 codes requiring surgical intervention was disparate from that seen in clinic. Application of the Pareto principle may improve resource allocation in laryngology, but these initial results require confirmation across multiple institutions.
Design and Characterization of a Singly Labeled Fluorescent Smart Probe for In Vitro Detection of miR-21
Authors: Oladepo Sulayman A.
Published: September 2017

A sensitive hairpin smart probe (SP) has been developed and tested for its sequence-specificity and sensitivity for detecting microRNAs (miRNAs). The loop sequence of this SP is perfectly complementary to microRNA-21 (miR-21) sequence. This miRNA regulates certain biological processes and has been implicated in certain forms of cancer. The stem of the new SP consists of a fluorophore on one end and multiple guanine bases on the opposing end are used as quenchers. The fluorescence of the SP is significantly quenched by the guanine bases at room temperature and in the absence of the miR-21 target. The presence of miR-21 switches on the fluorescence due to spontaneous hybridization of the SP with this target, which also forces the stem hybrid of the SP apart. This new SP successfully discriminated between the perfect miR-21 target and two closely similar single-base mismatch sequences. When the SP was incubated with the miR-21 at 37 ℃, the hybridization kinetics increased seven times, compared to room temperature hybridization. Overall, this new SP shows good detection sensitivity and gives a limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 14.0 nM and 46.7 nM, respectively. This detection platform represents a simple, fast, mix-and-read homogeneous assay for sequence-specific detection of miR-21, and it can be adapted for other related diagnostic applications.
Adaptive Hierarchical Bayes Estimation of Small Area Proportions
Authors: Liu Benmei , Lahiri Partha
Published: September 2017

Unit-level logistic regression models with mixed effects have been used for estimating small area proportions in the literature. Normality is commonly assumed for the random effects. Nonetheless, real data often show significant departures from normality assumptions of the random effects. To reduce the risk of model misspecification, we propose an adaptive hierarchical Bayes estimation approach in which the distribution of the random effect is chosen adaptively from the exponential power class of probability distributions. The richness of the exponential power class ensures the robustness of our hierarchical Bayes approach against departure from normality. We demonstrate the robustness of our proposed model using both simulated and real data. The results suggest that the proposed model works reasonably well to incorporate potential kurtosis of the random effects distribution.
Academic Leadership and Counseling Psychology: Answering the Challenge, Achieving the Promise
Authors: Fassinger Ruth E. , Good Glenn E.
Published: September 2017

In this article, we address the challenge and promise for counseling psychologists (CPs) in leadership in U.S. higher education. We summarize leadership challenges in contemporary higher education, including contextual difficulties and those emanating from within the academy. We contend that CPs offer promise in higher education leadership, as they are well suited to provide leadership in the difficult context of the academy due to their training, values, disciplinary foci, and professional experiences. We attend to diversity as one of counseling psychology’s core strengths, presenting the example of feminist multicultural mentoring as a leadership task that obviates the challenge and enhances the promise for counseling psychology leaders in academic settings. We offer suggestions for CPs considering or moving into higher education leadership, and conclude with a brief examination of future trends in counseling psychology that support our contention that CPs are much needed and can succeed as leaders in the academy.
Maps of mayhem
Authors: Hammond Jesse
Published: September 2017

Disaggregated studies of civil violence attempt to predict where violence is most likely to break out within states, but have been limited by a near-exclusive focus on political, economic, and accessibility-based factors in explaining local patterns of violence. These factors are important, but the calculus of military conflict does not focus solely on lootable resources or population distributions. Both states and insurgents try to exert control over geographic territory in order to increase their resource base and political legitimacy. Historic evidence suggests that groups use violence to contest control over strategically important locations that allow them to effectively attack and defend territory. I use GIS and social network analysis to operationalize strategic location based on the network of roads and population settlements that make up a country. I find that during conflicts, locations with high degree and betweenness centrality in the road network – in other words, locations that control access to other areas within the state – are significantly more likely to be fought over, even after controlling for a wide range of variables suggested by previous literature and testing for reporting bias. These findings expand on the previous body of literature studying disaggregated violence and show that the calculus of violence during civil conflict encompasses strategic considerations as well as economic, political, or topographic factors.
Advance Care Planning for Mechanical Ventilation: A Qualitative Study on Health-Care Providers’ Approaches to Cross-Cultural Care
Authors: Nayfeh Ayah , Marcoux Isabelle , Jutai Jeffrey
Published: September 2017

Advance care planning (ACP) is a method used for patients to express in advance their preferences for life-sustaining treatments at the end of life. With growing ethnocultural diversity in Canada, health-care providers are managing an increasing number of diverse beliefs and values that are commonly associated with preferences for intensive mechanical ventilation (MV) treatment at the end of life. This study aimed to identify and describe the approaches used by health-care providers to set advance care plans for MV with seriously ill patients from diverse ethnocultural backgrounds. Semistructured interviews were conducted with health-care providers from acute-care settings. Using a value-based approach in ACP was deemed an effective method of practice for managing and interpreting diverse beliefs and values that impact decisions for MV. However, personnel, organizational, and systemic barriers that exist continue to hinder the provision of ACP across cultures.
Women in Local Government
Authors: Holman Mirya R.
Published: September 2017

Women are underrepresented in most elected and appointed positions in local government in the United States. This essay details what we know about women’s representation in cities and counties, with a discussion of the factors associated with women’s higher or lower levels of representation. The effects of women’s lack of parity are then discussed including policy attitudes, the policy process, and policy outcomes. In sum, this essay organizes knowledge on women in local government, identifies gaps in what we know, and promotes future investigations to expand our knowledge of gender politics, local politics and governance, and public policy.
Exploring societal-level privacy rules for talking about miscarriage
Authors: Bute Jennifer J. , Brann Maria , Hernandez Rachael
Published: September 2017

Communication privacy management (CPM) theory posits that culturally specific understandings of privacy guide how people manage private information in everyday conversations. We use the context of miscarriage to demonstrate how societal-level expectations about (in)appropriate topics of talk converge with micro-level decisions about privacy rules and privacy boundary management. More specifically, we explore how people’s perceptions of broad social rules about the topic of miscarriage influence their disclosure decisions. Based on interviews with 20 couples who have experienced pregnancy loss, we examined how couples described miscarriage as a topic that is bound by societal-level expectations about whether and how this subject should be discussed in interpersonal conversations. Participants reflected on their perceptions of societal-level privacy rules for protecting information about their miscarriage experiences and described how these rules affected their own privacy management decisions. We discuss these findings in terms of CPM’s theoretical tools for linking macro-level discourses to everyday talk.
Muscarinic receptor signaling contributes to atypical antipsychotic drug reversal of the phencyclidine-induced deficit in novel object recognition in rats
Authors: Miyauchi Masanori , Neugebauer Nichole M , Sato Tatsuya , Ardehali Hossein , Meltzer Herbert Y
Published: September 2017

Enhancement of cholinergic function via muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 agonism improves cognition in some schizophrenia patients. Most atypical antipsychotic drugs, including clozapine and its active metabolite, N-desmethylclozapine, and lurasidone, enhance the release of acetylcholine in key brain regions involved in cognition (e.g. hippocampus). We determined the effect of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 stimulation on novel object recognition and its contribution to the ability of atypical antipsychotic drugs to reverse the novel object recognition deficit in rats withdrawn from subchronic phencyclidine, a rodent model of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. In control rats, the non-specific muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, scopolamine, and the M1 selective antagonist, VU0255035, induced a novel object recognition deficit, which was reversed by the M1 agonist, AC260584. Scopolamine fully blocked the effect of clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine, but not lurasidone, to restore novel object recognition in subchronic phencyclidine-treated rats. VU0255035 also blocked these effects of clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine, but not lurasidone; however, the blockade was not as complete as that achieved with scopolamine. Furthermore, subchronic phencyclidine increased hippocampal M1 mRNA expression. These data suggest that M1 agonism is required for clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine to ameliorate the phencyclidine-induced deficit in novel object recognition, additional evidence that M1 agonism is a potential target for treating cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
Neurovascular mechanisms of migraine and cluster headache
Authors: Hoffmann Jan , Baca Serapio M , Akerman Simon
Published: September 2017

Vascular theories of migraine and cluster headache have dominated for many years the pathobiological concept of these disorders. This view is supported by observations that trigeminal activation induces a vascular response and that several vasodilating molecules trigger acute attacks of migraine and cluster headache in susceptible individuals. Over the past 30 years, this rationale has been questioned as it became clear that the actions of some of these molecules, in particular, calcitonin gene-related peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, extend far beyond the vasoactive effects, as they possess the ability to modulate nociceptive neuronal activity in several key regions of the trigeminovascular system. These findings have shifted our understanding of these disorders to a primarily neuronal origin with the vascular manifestations being the consequence rather than the origin of trigeminal activation. Nevertheless, the neurovascular component, or coupling, seems to be far more complex than initially thought, being involved in several accompanying features. The review will discuss in detail the anatomical basis and the functional role of the neurovascular mechanisms relevant to migraine and cluster headache.
The Relationship Between Approval of Violence and Intimate Partner Violence in College Students
Authors: Spencer Chelsea M. , Morgan Preston , Bridges James , Washburn-Busk Michelle , Stith Sandra M.
Published: September 2017

Dating violence is a significant problem among college students. Using a sample of 248 male and 304 female college students, we explored whether or not male and female college students differed in their approval rates of male-to-female intimate partner violence (IPV) and female-to-male IPV. We also examined how approval of violence related to reports of physical, psychological, and sexual IPV perpetration and victimization. We found that both male and female college students had higher levels of approval of female-to-male IPV than male-to-female IPV. We also found that male students had higher levels of approval of male-to-female IPV and female-to-male IPV than did female students. We found that men who had higher levels of approval of female-to-male IPV were more likely to be perpetrators and victims of physical IPV and perpetrators of sexual IPV. Finally, we found that women who had higher levels of approval of female-to-male IPV were more likely to be victims of sexual and psychological IPV.
Bystander-Based Sexual Violence Prevention With College Athletes: A Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Exner-Cortens Deinera , Cummings Nina
Published: September 2017

The prevention of sexual violence on college campuses is a pressing public health issue. Given recent U.S. federal and state requirements for campus responses to sexual assault, many campuses may plan to implement brief, bystander-based programs to create a violence-free environment. This pilot study evaluates one such program for male undergraduate athletes, Wingman 101. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of participation in Wingman 101, as well as barriers to program implementation. Data for this project were collected from 80 undergraduate male athletes ( M age = 19.99) on three contact sport teams in spring 2012. Participants were randomly assigned to program or a no-program control condition. Implementation data were collected at the end of each session from program participants and facilitators. Outcome data were collected over three waves (pretest, posttest, 2-month follow-up) and assessed bystander attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Analysis of implementation data indicated that the program was well received and implemented with high fidelity, with facilitator relatability emerging as a particularly important aspect of implementation. However, participants also listed numerous barriers to potential bystander intervention following the program. The presence of these barriers supports quantitative reductions in positive attitudes about intervention at posttest. Implications of findings for policy and practice on postsecondary campuses are discussed.
Copyright and digital academic library development in the UK
Authors: Muir Adrienne
Published: September 2017

Reviews the role of copyright in digital academic and research library development in the UK over the last 25 years, drawing on policy documents, legislative reviews and statutes, project documentation and programme syntheses. Finds that copyright-related issues have presented challenges for the development of digital libraries. UK copyright law has been reformed as a result of consultative reviews, but the role of high-level negotiations between stakeholder representatives and the development of model and blanket licences have arguably been more effective in supporting the development of digital libraries. Despite tensions between libraries and publishers, gradual cultural change and the roles played key players such funding councils and high-level representative groups have facilitated progress. The increasing trend towards open licensing presents new roles for libraries as well as challenges and new business opportunities for publishers. Concludes it is unclear what future UK copyright and research policy will be, but it is likely that improved access to academic resources and research will continue, the roles of libraries and publishers will continue to evolve, and new sources of tension and challenges will arise.
The ‘Market’ in the Theory of Regulation
Authors: Campbell David
Published: September 2017

This article reviews developments in the left-wing theory of regulation in response to the neo-liberal revolution of the 1970s. The core of this response has been an acknowledgement of the indispensability of market ordering, but this acknowledgement has been only grudging and no positive theory of the market has emerged from regulatory proposals which concentrate on market failure. A sort of inchoate communism therefore pervades the left-wing theory of regulation, and left-wing regulatory theory and practice still lacks a coherent concept of market socialism.
Comparison of lecture and team-based learning in medical ethics education
Authors: Ozgonul Levent , Alimoglu Mustafa Kemal
Published: September 2017

Background:

Medical education literature suggests that ethics education should be learner-centered and problem-based rather than theory-based. Team-based learning is an appropriate method for this suggestion. However, its effectiveness was not investigated enough in medical ethics education.

Research question:

Is team-based learning effective in medical ethics education in terms of knowledge retention, in-class learner engagement, and learner reactions?

Research design:

This was a prospective controlled follow-up study. We changed lecture with team-based learning method to teach four topics in a 2-week medical ethics clerkship, while the remaining topics were taught by lectures. For comparison, we formed team-based learning and lecture groups, in which the students and instructor are the same, but the topics and teaching methodologies are different. We determined in-class learner engagement by direct observation and student satisfaction by feedback forms. Student success for team-based learning and lecture topics in the end-of-clerkship exam and two retention tests performed 1 year and 2 years later were compared.

Ethical considerations:

Ethical approval for the study was granted by Akdeniz University Board of Ethics on Noninvasive Clinical Human Studies Ethics committee.

Findings:

Short-term knowledge retention did not differ; however, team-based learning was found superior to lecture at long-term retention tests. Student satisfaction was high with team-based learning and in-class engagement was better in team-based learning sessions.

Discussion:

Our results on learner engagement and satisfaction with team-based learning were similar to those of previous reports. However, knowledge retention results in our study were contrary to literature. The reason might be the fact that students prepared for the end-of-clerkship pass/fail exam (short term) regardless of the teaching method. But, at long-term retention tests, they did not prepare for the exam and answered the questions just using the knowledge retained in their memories.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that team-based learning is a better alternative to lecture to teach ethics in medical education.
Can Government Policies Drive Open Innovation Type Platforms? Ideas from the MSC Malaysia Flagship Applications
Authors: Omar Aliza A. , Mohan Avvari V. , ZHAO XIAOFEI
Published: September 2017

The discussion of open innovation has always been centred on the organisation where innovation occurs. The focus would be on the inflow and outflow of knowledge into the organisation; several studies and cases published have addressed the concept around business (or government) organisations and their research and development (R&D) activities. The open innovation framework is based on a focal organisation, which is usually a business organisation that provides a platform for other organisations to collaborate—either helping the focal organisation to commercialise its knowledge and gain economic benefits or vice versa. This notion, we argue, is where an open innovation platform is ‘supplier-driven’, that is, ‘supplier’ indicating the focal organisation where innovation occurs. In this article, however, we propose an alternate framework for open innovation, that is, one that is ‘customer-driven’ where the customer organisation or demand-creating organisation provides a platform for open innovation. This alternate notion is derived from the case of the flagship applications of Malaysia’s Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC Malaysia). The MSC Malaysia flagships can be seen as open innovation type platforms established by the customer, that is, the Malaysian government—which provides the demand pull for creating an open-innovation platform. This framework of a ‘customer-driven’ open innovation platform could provide lessons for other emerging economies to understand how their governments can play a more active role, as policymaker and demand-generating entity, to create a platform for open innovation.
Special Considerations for Using Functional Behavior Assessment and Functionally-Indicated Interventions With Students in Alternative Educational Settings
Authors: Ennis Robin Parks , Jolivette Kristine , Swoszowski Nicole Cain
Published: September 2017

Functional behavior assessment (FBA) is the process of collecting data to determine the function of an individual’s behavior to develop a functionally-indicated behavioral intervention (BIP). Special adaptations may be needed to conduct FBA and implement BIPs in alternative educational settings. In this article, we highlight suggestions for adaptation centered around data, systems, and practices.
Performance of high-strength concrete walls exposed to fire
Authors: Nguyen Kate TQ , Ngo Tuan , Mendis Priyan , Heath David
Published: September 2017

High-strength concrete is becoming very popular around the world due to its many advantages over normal-strength concrete. There are significant behavioural differences between high-strength concrete and normal-strength concrete, most notably the brittleness and sudden spalling under elevated temperatures, whereby pieces of hardened concrete explosively dislodge. Although all high-rise and even many medium-rise buildings have high-strength concrete walls, the spalling of high-strength concrete walls in fire has generally been ignored by the designers and the fire resistance of walls has been calculated using the rules specified for normal-strength concrete. Catastrophic failures could occur due to this ignorance of an important issue. Major design codes including the American and Australian Codes do not cover spalling adequately. Even the Eurocode rules are based on limited research. After a brief discussion on the present design practice, this article presents a summary of spalling research. The relevant results from a comprehensive study conducted at the University of Melbourne are briefly discussed. The authors are not aware of any other comprehensive research projects covering the fire behaviour of normal-strength concrete and high-strength concrete walls exposed not only to standard fires but also hydrocarbon fires. The results showed that spalling in high-strength concrete is more significant when subjected to hydrocarbon fire compared to normal-strength concrete. The level of compressive load on the panels was also found to have a significant effect on the fire performance of the high-strength concrete panels. The finite analysis element program, ANSYS, was used to model the concrete walls subjected to load and fire (both ISO834 Standard fire and hydrocarbon fire). The test results were used to validate the computer model.
The own-race bias in child and adolescent witnesses
Authors: Havard Catriona , Memon Amina , Humphries Joyce E
Published: September 2017

This study investigated the own-race bias in British school children using an eyewitness paradigm. Some 319 participants viewed films of two similar staged thefts, one that depicted a Caucasian culprit and the other an Asian culprit, and then after a delay of 2–3 days, viewed a line-up for each culprit. One hundred and seventy-six of the participants were Caucasian and 143 were Asian. There were also two age groups: 164 were aged 7–9 years and 152 were 12–14 years. There was a significant own-race bias for Caucasian participants from both age groups that resulted in more correct identifications for the own-race culprit from target present line-ups and more false identifications for the target absent line-ups. Asian participants from both age groups showed no own-race bias and performed equally accurately for culprits of both races. Measures of inter-racial contact were associated with correct responses for other-race targets and revealed that the majority of Caucasian participants in the current sample had very little contact with Asians, whereas the majority of Asian participants had high levels of contact with Caucasians.
Enrollment of space into the network of sustainability
Authors: Vicdan Handan , Hong Soonkwan
Published: September 2017

This ethnographic study, conducted at the Ecovillage at Ithaca, illuminates how spatial design configurations of a community shape the ongoing project of sustainable living. To articulate the ideological transformations of the community, actor-network theory is employed as the theoretical framework that facilitates further understanding of the sociomateriality of space and the roles spatiality plays as an actant in the network of sustainability. Soja’s spatial theory, with a focus on the agencing of space, strengthens this analysis. We demonstrate how spatial design principles create opportunities and challenges for the community members as they pre(pro)scribe privacy issues, responsibilize actors, and segregate the community from the mainstream. Amid this dynamic process for achieving sustainability, we observe and document performativity of space in the actor network.
Discussion on the paper ‘Statistical contributions to bioinformatics: Design, modelling, structure learning and integration’ by Jeffrey S. Morris and Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani
Authors: Houwing-Duistermaat Jeanine J , Uh Hae Won , Gusnanto Arief
Published: September 2017

Bioinformatics is an important research area for statisticians. This discussion provides some additional topics to the paper, namely on statistical contributions to detect differential expressed genes, for protein structure prediction, and for the analysis of highly correlated features in Glycomics datasets.
Is it time to take learning design to task?
Authors: Griffiths David , Inman Maggie
Published: September 2017

Context drives learning design, but too often context is not considered within learning design literature. Reported skill gaps lead to considerations around learning design and the security, completeness and depth of learning developed by learning designers in adult learning. Frequently learning is linked to context, where learning environments are often described as complex. However, rarely do studies consider disorder, created by a lack of consideration for multiple contexts or learning domains (simple, complicated, complex and chaotic) and their governing principles. We draw upon literature from the fields of learning theory, complexity theory and risk governance to illuminate this challenge, suggesting that a lack of security, completeness and depth of knowledge attainment could impact the fitness of learners entering uncertain labour markets. After signposting gaps in existing thinking, we introduce a direct content analysis of a systematic review, comprised of 384 aspects of literature from the fields of pedagogy and andragogy, to demonstrate a lack of conscious consideration for the multiple learning contexts that exist in adult learning design. This gap illustrates an opportunity for learning designers in the field of adult learning to improve the depth, completeness and security of learning experiences. To this end, we present a new Learning Awareness Framework as a feedback mechanism to guide learning design. Our approach is distinctive in the way we link literature in the field of learning to complexity theory and risk governance, where our perspective appears to be unique to the field of adult learning. Finally, our recommendations for a Learning Awareness Framework to guide learning design according to multiple contexts seem to be the first of its kind.
The Combined Antitumor Effects of 125I Radioactive Particle Implantation and Cytokine-Induced Killer Cell Therapy on Xenograft Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Mouse Model
Authors: Zhang Junyong , Wu Nian , Lian Zhengrong , Feng Huyi , Jiang Qing , Chen Xianfeng , Gong Jianping , Qiao Zhengrong
Published: September 2017

The combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy has shown great promise in eradicating tumors. For example, 125I radioactive particle implantation and cytokine-induced killer cell therapies have demonstrated efficacy in treating hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanism of this combination therapy remains unknown. In this study, we utilized cytokine-induced killer cells obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells along with 125I radioactive particle implantation to treat subcutaneous hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft tumors in BALB/c nude mice. The effects of combination therapy on tumor growth, tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation, animal survival, and immune indexes were then assessed. The results indicated that 125I radioactive particle implantation combined with cytokine-induced killer cells shows a much greater antitumor therapeutic effect than either of the therapies alone when compared to control treatments. Mice treated with a combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy displayed significantly reduced tumor growth. 125I radioactive particle implantation upregulated the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related gene A in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and enhanced cytokine-induced killer cell–mediated apoptosis through activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, cytokine-induced killer cells supplied immune substrates to induce a strong immune response after 125I radioactive particle implantation therapy. In conclusion, 125I radioactive particle implantation combined with cytokine-induced killer cell therapy significantly inhibits the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vivo and improves animal survival times through mutual promotion of antitumor immunity, presenting a promising therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Identification and Comparison of Differentiation-Related Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues by Proteomics
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Su Gang , Yang Wenke , Yue Ping , Bai Bing , Lin Yanyan , Zhang Jinduo , Ba Yongjiang , Luo Zhiwen , Liu Xiaoming , Zhao Lili , Xie Yi , Xu Yaowei , Li Shuo , Meng Wenbo , Xie Xiaodong , Li Xun
Published: September 2017

Histological differentiation is a major pathological criterion indicating the risk of tumor invasion and metastasis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The degree of tumor differentiation is controlled by a complex interacting network of associated proteins. The principal aim of the present study is to identify the possible differentiation-related proteins which may be used for early diagnosis and more effective therapies. We compared poorly differentiated and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma tissues by using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among the 11 identified protein spots, 6 were found to be upregulated in poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and 5 were correspondingly downregulated. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 106 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues to confirm the results of the proteomic analysis. By using bioinformatic tools GO and STRING, these proteins were found to be related to catalytic activity, binding, and antioxidant activity. In particular, our data suggest that overexpression of peroxiredoxin-2, annexin A2, and heat shock protein β-1 was correlated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis, and therefore, these proteins may serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
Applying Ecological Frameworks in Obesity Intervention Studies in Hispanic/Latino Youth:
Authors: Kiraly Carmen , Turk Melanie T. , Kalarchian Melissa A. , Shaffer Cheryl
Published: September 2017

Introduction:

In the United States, Hispanic children have higher rates of obesity compared with non-Hispanic White children. An ecological framework provides a holistic view of the environment to which Hispanic/Latino children are exposed that can potentially inform prevention and treatment initiatives for this vulnerable population.

Method:

This systematic review examines the existing evidence on the use of an ecological framework in intervention studies targeting overweight and obesity in Hispanic youth from birth to 8 years. Key terms guided the search of PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and EBSCOhost databases from 1997 to 2016. Results were organized using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method.

Results:

Seven studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Significant improvements in body mass index z scores in treatment children were evident in five of the seven studies. Increases in fruit, water, and vegetable consumption and physical activity levels were reported in four of the seven studies.

Conclusion:

Multilevel interventions targeting a child’s home and community suggest efficacy in reducing or preventing obesity; increasing fruit, water, and vegetable consumption; and increasing physical activity in overweight/obese young Hispanic children. Future research is needed to explore the sustainability of multilevel obesity prevention interventions in this vulnerable population.
Aesthetic cosmopolitanism: The force of the fold in diasporic intimacy
Authors: Papastergiadis Nikos , Trimboli Daniella
Published: September 2017

The contemporary migration experience is mobile, fragmented and mediated, creating a new diasporic interface that interplays the three threads of media, culture and art. However, studies of transnationalism within media, culture and art scholarship continue to collapse into binary models, ultimately streamlining the complex cultural translations that occur in this interface. This essay argues that the notion of aesthetic cosmopolitanism allows for a more rigorous account of the diasporic interface, keeping alive the kinetic element that permeates transnational cultural production.
Architectural Modes of Collective Existence: Architectural Sociology as a Comparative Social Theory
Authors: Delitz Heike
Published: September 2017

This article proposes a cross-cultural, comparative architectural sociology as a means of sociological analysis. It also emphasizes the social positivity of architecture. After a short overview of architectural sociology and its history, the article outlines a sociological theory which sees architecture and related practices as a constitutive ‘mode of collective existence’. The article argues that architecture (in a broad sense) is not a mere ‘reflection’ or ‘mirror’ of society, but rather a constitutive and transformative medium of the imaginary institution of society (Castoriadis), its assemblages (Deleuze), as well as its subjects (Foucault). In other words, it claims that architecture is a material and symbolic ‘mode’ through which societies and individuals are constituted and transformed. As architecture is a cultural technique, which is primarily enacted in relation to bodies, perceptions and affects (rather than in a discursive, reflective way), the social effects of architecture can best be understood and analysed through a comparative lens. Finally, therefore, the article unfolds a tableau of diverse architectural modes of collective existence, thus providing an overview of different socio-architectural constellations. Such a comparative and synchronical view of different societies allows for a sociology of architecture which analyses architectural transformations – both historical and contemporary.
Psychodynamic and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies Are More Different Than You Think: Conceptualizations of Mental Problems and Consequences for Studying Mechanisms of Change
Authors: Hoffart Asle , Johnson Sverre Urnes
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the conceptualization of mental problems and disorders inherent in the therapeutic theories used in psychodynamic (PDT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Supportive-expressive (SET) and cognitive (CT) therapy for social anxiety disorder (SAD) were used as representative examples. Based on the typology proposed by Kendler, Zachar, and Craver, we found that PDT models accord with an essentialist model of mental disorders, while CBT models align with a mechanistic property cluster (MPC) model. Because the PDT explanatory concepts represent definitions of symptoms rather than causal explanations of them, PDT models cannot be examined with regard to mechanisms of change. Moreover, because these concepts are treated as latent constructs, they are not able to represent within-person causal/mechanistic relationships between observable phenomena. PDT models cannot while CBT models can lead to testable predictions and knowledge accumulation.