bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing rice ecological production: synergistic effects of wheat-straw decomposition and microbial agents on soil health and yield
Authors: Wen Yanfang , Ma Yangming , Wu Ziniu , Yang Yonggang , Yuan Xiaojuan , Chen Kairui , Luo Yongheng , He Ziting , Huang Xinhai , Deng Pengxin , Li Congmei , Yang Zhiyuan , Chen Zongkui , Ma Jun , Sun Yongjian
Published: August 2024

Aims

This study evaluated the impact of wheat straw return and microbial agent application on rice field environments.

Methods

Using Rice variety Chuankangyou 2115 and a microbial mix of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum. Five treatments were tested: T1 (no straw return), T2 (straw return), T3, T4, and T5 (straw return with varying ratios of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum).

Results

Results indicated significant improvements in rice root length, surface area, dry weight, soil nutrients, and enzyme activity across T2-T5 compared to T1, enhancing yield by 3.81-26.63%. T3 (50:50 microbial ratio) was optimal, further increasing root dry weight, soil enzyme activity, effective panicle and spikelet numbers, and yield. Dominant bacteria in T3 included MBNT15, Defluviicoccus, Rokubacteriales, and Latescibacterota. Higher Trichoderma harzianum proportions (75% in T5) increased straw decomposition but slightly inhibited root growth. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between yield and soil microorganisms like Gemmatimonadota and Firmicutes at the heading stage. Factors like dry root weight, straw decomposition rate post-jointing stage, and elevated soil enzyme activity and nutrient content from tiller to jointing stage contributed to increased panicle and spikelet numbers, boosting yield.

Conclusion

The optimal Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum ratio for straw return was 50:50, effectively improving soil health and synergizing high rice yield with efficient straw utilization.
Gender differences in risk factors for suicide attempts among young, first-episode and drug-naive major depressive disorder patients with anxiety symptoms
Authors: Jiang Donghong , Lang XiaoE , Wang Dongmei , Zhang Xiang-Yang
Published: August 2024

Background

Suicide attempts and anxiety are common commodities in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and suicide attempts are often associated with anxiety symptoms. Studies have found gender differences in several aspects of MDD; however, gender differences in suicide attempts in young first-episode and drug-naive (FEDN) MDD patients with anxiety remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate potential gender differences in the prevalence of suicide attempts and associated risk factors among young FEDN MDD patients with anxiety in a Chinese Han population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1289 young patients with FEDN MDD. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and biochemical parameters of patients were collected.

Results

Suicide attempters accounted for 23.80% and 26.12% of male and female FEDN MDD patients with anxiety, respectively, with no significant gender differences. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that anxiety, clinical global impression severity, and thyroid peroxidase antibody significantly predicted suicide attempts in both male and female FEDN MDD patients with anxiety, while body mass index significantly predicted suicide attempts only in males, and psychotic symptoms predicted suicide attempts only in females.

Conclusion

The present study represents the first large-scale investigation of gender differences in the prevalence of suicide attempts and related risk factors among young FEND MDD patients with anxiety in the Chinese Han population. The results indicate that risk factors associated with suicide attempts vary by gender among young FEND MDD patients with anxiety, although a comparable rate of suicide attempts was observed in both female and male patients.
Status and trends of TMS research in depressive disorder: a bibliometric and visual analysis
Authors: Yang Jun , Tang Tingting , Gui Qianqian , Zhang Kun , Zhang Aixia , Wang Ting , Yang Chunxia , Liu Xiaodong , Sun Ning
Published: August 2024

Background

Depression is a chronic psychiatric condition that places significant burdens on individuals, families, and societies. The rapid evolution of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques has facilitated the extensive clinical use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) for depression treatment. In light of the substantial recent increase in related research, this study aims to employ bibliometric methods to systematically review the global research status and trends of TMS in depression, providing a reference and guiding future studies in this field.

Methods

We retrieved literature on TMS and depression published between 1999 and 2023 from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) databases within the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to analyze data on countries, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, citations, and to generate visual maps.

Results

A total of 5,046 publications were extracted covering the period from 1999 to 2023 in the field of TMS and depression. The publication output exhibited an overall exponential growth trend. These articles were published across 804 different journals, BRAIN STIMULATION is the platform that receives the most articles in this area. The literature involved contributions from over 16,000 authors affiliated with 4,573 institutions across 77 countries. The United States contributed the largest number of publications, with the University of Toronto and Daskalakis ZJ leading as the most prolific institution and author, respectively. Keywords such as “Default Mode Network,” “Functional Connectivity,” and “Theta Burst” have recently garnered significant attention. Research in this field primarily focuses on TMS stimulation patterns, their therapeutic efficacy and safety, brain region and network mechanisms under combined brain imaging technologies, and the modulation effects of TMS on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotransmitter levels.

Conclusion

In recent years, TMS therapy has demonstrated extensive potential applications and significant implications for the treatment of depression. Research in the field of TMS for depression has achieved notable progress. Particularly, the development of novel TMS stimulation patterns and the integration of TMS therapy with multimodal techniques and machine learning algorithms for precision treatment and investigation of brain network mechanisms have emerged as current research hotspots.
Uptake of community-based differentiated antiretroviral therapy service delivery and associated factors among people living with HIV in Ethiopia: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Merid Fasika , Toma Temesgen Mohammed , Anbesie Abraham , Guyo Tamirat Gezahegn
Published: August 2024

Background

Achieving the 95–95–95 targets require an efficient and innovative person-centered approach, specifically community-based differentiated service delivery (DSD), to improve access to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services and reduce burdens on the health system. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the uptake of community-based DSD models and associated factors among people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among PLHIV in public health facilities in South Ethiopia. Data were collected and entered into EpiData version 3.1 before being exported to Stata version 14 for further analysis. In the bivariable logistic regression analysis, variables with a p-value of ≤0.25 were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was used to identify statistically significant factors.

Results

Among 381 stable PLHIV, 55.91% were women. The median age (interquartile range) was 40 years (27–53). The uptake of community-based DSD models was 19.16%. Residence and disclosure were the two independent factors significantly associated with the uptake of community-based DSD models.

Conclusion

One out of five stable PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy uptake the community-based DSD models. Improvement in uptake is needed in Ethiopia's resource-limited healthcare system to better achieve the 95-95-95 targets.
Factors associated with food insecurity among pregnant women in Gedeo zone public hospitals, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Areba Abriham Shiferaw , Akiso Denebo Ersulo , Haile Arega , Abire Belayneh Genoro , Kanno Girum Gebremeskel , Tirore Lire Lemma , Abame Desta Erkalo
Published: August 2024

Background

Food insecurity refers to a lack of consistent access to sufficient food for active, better health. Around two billion people worldwide suffer from food insecurity and hidden hunger. This study focuses on food insecurity and associated factors among pregnant women in Gedeo Zone Public Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia.

Method

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in Gedeo zone public hospitals from May to June 2021. Primary data of 506 pregnant women were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and a multi-stage sampling technique was used to select study participants. The household food insecurity access scale of the questionnaire was used and a woman was considered as food insecure when it has any of the food insecurity conditions mild, moderate, or severe food insecure, otherwise, it was classified as food secure. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) determined the association between various factors and outcomes.

Results

Of all study participants, 67.39% of the women were food insecure, and the remaining 32.6% had food security. The pregnant women from rural areas [AOR = 0.532, 95% CI: 0.285, 0.994], married [AOR = 0.232, 95% CI: 0.072, 0.750], had a secondary education [AOR = 0.356, 95%CI: 0.154, 0.822], and be employed [AOR = 0.453, 95% CI: 0.236, 0.872], the wealth index middle [AOR = 0.441, 95% CI: 0.246, 0.793] and rich [AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.128, 0.449] were factors associated with food insecurity.

Conclusion

The study area had a high prevalence of food insecurity. Food insecurity was reduced in those who lived in rural areas, were married, had a secondary education, were employed, and had a wealth index of middle and rich.
Sexual harassment and sexual assault in the Western Australian mining industry: a qualitative examination of the perceptions of key stakeholders
Authors: Vrankovich Sarah , Burns Sharyn , Yam Cheryl M. H. , Parker Sharon K. , Hendriks Jacqueline
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The prevalence, pervasiveness, and minimization of sexual harassment and sexual assault (SHSA) within the Western Australian mining industry has been revealed in recent Australian reports and inquiries. However, there remains a gap in scholarship focusing on SHSA within the mining sector, specifically that engages with mining employees to understand this issue.

Methods

This study aimed to fill this gap by exploring the experiences and perspectives of Western Australian mining employees in relation to SHSA. Through qualitative research methods, stakeholders (n = 30) from various industry roles (e.g., front-line operations, administrative staff) participated in semi-structured interviews. A deductive thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the data.

Results

The study revealed diverse perspectives of SHSA among participants, highlighting how this issue is understood, addressed, and discussed within the workplace. While some participants recognized positive shifts in workplace culture, it became apparent that additional efforts are needed to tackle the underlying and persistent factors that contribute to sexism, misogyny, and, ultimately, SHSA. Participants shared their perspectives regarding strategies and initiatives that could effectively combat SHSA within the industry.

Discussion

This study constitutes a significant contribution to the limited body of research on SHSA in the Western Australian mining sector, offering valuable insights and recommendations for future prevention initiatives.
Climatology of the open–closed boundary using ULF wave observations from South Pole, McMurdo, and distributed Antarctic AGOs
Authors: Frissell Rachel , Kim Hyomin , Gerrard Andy , Frissell Nathaniel
Published: August 2024

It has been shown that a proxy determination of the magnetospheric open–closed magnetic field line boundary (OCB) location can be made by examining the ultra-low-frequency (ULF) wave power in magnetometer data, with particular interest in the Pc5 ULF waves with periods of 3–10 min. In this study, we present a climatology of such Pc5 ULF waves using ground-based magnetometer data from the South Pole Station (SPA), McMurdo (MCM) station, and the Automatic Geophysical Observatories (AGOs) located across the Antarctic continent, to infer OCB behavior and variability during geomagnetically quiet times (i.e., Ap < 30 nT). For each season [i.e., austral fall (20 February 2017–20 April 2017), austral winter (20 May 2017–20 July 2017), austral spring (20 August 2017–20 October 2017), and austral summer (20 November 2017–20 January 2018)], north–south (i.e., H-component) magnetic field line residual power–spectral density (PSD) measurements taken during geomagnetically quiet periods within a 60-day window centered at the austral solstice/equinox are averaged in 10-min temporal bins to form the climatology at each station. These residual PSDs thus enable the analysis of Pc5 activity (and lower period “long-band” oscillations) and, thus, OCB location/variability as a function of season and magnetic latitude. The dawn and dusk transitions across the OCB are analyzed, with a discussion of dawn and dusk variability during nominally quiet geomagnetic periods. In addition, latitudinal dependencies of the OCB and peak Pc5 periods at each station are discussed, along with the empirical Tsyganenko model comparisons to our site measurements.
Advantages of robot-assisted PKP under local anesthesia in the treatment of OVCF: a retrospective, non-randomized, controlled, clinical study
Authors: Xue Han , Liu Wei , Li Ruochen , Xiao Fengxu , Zhu Zheyue , Wu Guangwei , Zhang Chen
Published: August 2024

Background

Robot-assisted technology has been widely used in orthopedic surgery, which can provide surgeons with higher accuracy and reduce radiation exposure. In spinal surgery, robots are often used to assist pedicle screw implantation, while there are relatively few studies on robot-assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) under local anesthesia.

Methods

A total of 96 patients with single-segment OVCF who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Fifty-six patients underwent robot-assisted PKP and forty patients underwent conventional PKP by the same group of surgeons. Collect the relevant parameters.

Results

The puncture time and fluoroscopy times during puncture in the robot group were significantly less than those in the manual group (P < 0.001). The success rate of first puncture in the robot group was 92.5%.

Conclusions

PKP under local anesthesia assisted by the new spinal surgical robot effectively reduces the patient's intraoperative discomfort and has a low learning curve.
Protective effects of engineered Lactobacillus johnsonii expressing bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on bovine postpartum endometritis
Authors: Guo Jing , Cao Xu , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Caiyu , Zhong Chengkun , Wang Simin , Fan Zhile , Zhao Jing , Wang Jun , Fang Yi , Liu Hongyu , Ding He , Ma Xin , Lu Wenfa
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Postpartum endometritis is a prevalent reproductive disorder in bovines, leading to a prolonged open period, infertility, and other complications. While Lactobacillus strains can mitigate these conditions by reducing uterine inflammation, their effectiveness is limited due to a lack of direct anti microbial action and extended treatment duration. This study aimed to construct a recombinant Lactobacillus johnsonii strain expressing bovine Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to evaluate its potential in reducing postpartum uterine inflammation.

Methods

The recombinant Lactobacillus johnsonii strain was engineered to express bovine GM-CSF and administered to pregnant mice via vaginal perfusion. Postpartum endometritis was induced using E. coli infection, and the protective effects of the engineered strain were assessed. Inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and nitric oxide (NO) concentration were measured. Histological examination was performed to evaluate uterine morphology and pathological damage.

Results

The recombinant L. johnsonii strain expressing GM-CSF significantly reduced inflammation levels induced by E. coli infection in the uterus. This reduction was evidenced by decreased expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, as well as reduced MPO activity and NO concentration. Histological examination revealed improved uterine morphology and reduced pathological damage in mice treated with the recombinant GM-CSF strain. Crucially, the recombinant strain also exerts beneficial effects on bovine endometritis by reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a beneficial effect on clinical bovine endometritis.

Conclusion

The recombinant Lactobacillus johnsonii expressing GM-CSF demonstrated protective effects against postpartum endometritis in bovines by reducing inflammatory cytokines. The findings indicate the potential clinical application of this engineered strain in preventing postpartum uterine inflammation, offering a novel and effective protective option for related disorders and improving bovine reproductive efficiency.
EEG Channel Selection for Stroke Patient Rehabilitation Using BAT Optimizer
Authors: Al-Betar Mohammed Azmi , Alyasseri Zaid Abdi Alkareem , Al-Qazzaz Noor Kamal , Makhadmeh Sharif Naser , Ali Nabeel Salih , Guger Christoph
Published: August 2024

Stroke is a major cause of mortality worldwide, disrupts cerebral blood flow, leading to severe brain damage. Hemiplegia, a common consequence, results in motor task loss on one side of the body. Many stroke survivors face long-term motor impairments and require great rehabilitation. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) provide a non-invasive method to monitor brain activity and have been used in brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) to help in rehabilitation. Motor imagery (MI) tasks, detected through EEG, are pivotal for developing BCIs that assist patients in regaining motor purpose. However, interpreting EEG signals for MI tasks remains challenging due to their complexity and low signal-to-noise ratio. The main aim of this study is to focus on optimizing channel selection in EEG-based BCIs specifically for stroke rehabilitation. Determining the most informative EEG channels is crucial for capturing the neural signals related to motor impairments in stroke patients. In this paper, a binary bat algorithm (BA)-based optimization method is proposed to select the most relevant channels tailored to the unique neurophysiological changes in stroke patients. This approach is able to enhance the BCI performance by improving classification accuracy and reducing data dimensionality. We use time–entropy–frequency (TEF) attributes, processed through automated independent component analysis with wavelet transform (AICA-WT) denoising, to enhance signal clarity. The selected channels and features are proved through a k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier using public BCI datasets, demonstrating improved classification of MI tasks and the potential for better rehabilitation outcomes.
The Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem with Different Speeds and Release Times in the Ore Hauling Operation
Authors: Tarazona-Torres Luis , Amaya Ciro , Paipilla Alvaro , Gomez Camilo , Alvarez-Martinez David
Published: August 2024

Ore hauling operations are crucial within the mining industry as they supply essential minerals to production plants. Conducted with sophisticated and high-cost operational equipment, these operations demand meticulous planning to ensure that production targets are met while optimizing equipment utilization. In this study, we present an algorithm to determine the minimum amount of hauling equipment required to meet the ore transport target. To achieve this, a mathematical model has been developed, considering it as a parallel machine scheduling problem with different speeds and release times, focusing on minimizing both the completion time and the costs associated with equipment use. Additionally, another algorithm was developed to allow the tactical evaluation of these two variables. These procedures and the model contribute significantly to decision-makers by providing a systematic approach to resource allocation, ensuring that loading and hauling equipment are utilized to their fullest potentials while adhering to budgetary constraints and operational schedules. This approach optimizes resource usage and improves operational efficiency, facilitating continuous improvement in mining operations.
Model-Free Adaptive Predictive Tracking Control for High-Speed Trains Considering Quantization Effects and Denial-of-Service Attacks
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Fuzhong
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the problem of model-free adaptive predictive control (MFAPC) under denial-of-service attacks and quantization effects for high-speed trains with unknown models is investigated. Since the system model of the high-speed train is unknown, the data-relational description of a high-speed train system is obtained by using the dynamic linearization technique. Secondly, the challenge of periodic denial-of-service (DoS) attacks in the network channel is considered, and, assuming that the DoS attack obeys the Bernoulli distribution, a model-free adaptive predictive control scheme based on quantized signals is proposed. Then, through rigorous theoretical analyses, it is proven that the tracking error is bounded, and the final bound depends on the desired trajectory. Finally, the correctness of these theoretical analyses is verified through numerical simulation.
Optimization Design of a Polyimide High-Pressure Mixer Based on SSA-CNN-LSTM-WOA
Authors: Yang Guo , Hu Guangzhong , Tuo Xianguo , Li Yuedong , Lu Jing
Published: August 2024

Foam mixers are classified as low-pressure and high-pressure types. Low-pressure mixers rely on agitator rotation, facing cleaning challenges and complex designs. High-pressure mixers are simple and require no cleaning but struggle with uneven mixing for high-viscosity substances. Traditionally, increasing the working pressure resolved this, but material quality limits it at higher pressures. To address the issues faced by high-pressure mixers when handling high-viscosity materials and to further improve the mixing performance of the mixer, this study focuses on a polyimide high-pressure mixer, identifying four design variables: impingement angle, inlet and outlet diameters, and impingement pressure. Using a Full Factorial Design of Experiments (DOE), the study investigates the impacts of these variables on mixing unevenness. Sample points were generated using Optimal Latin Hypercube Sampling—OLH. Combining the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM), the SSA-CNN-LSTM model was constructed for predictive analysis. The Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) optimized the model, to find an optimal design variable combination. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation results indicate a 70% reduction in mixing unevenness through algorithmic optimization, significantly improving the mixer’s performance.
Investigation of the Film Cooling Performance of Laminated SiCfSiC Composite Plates
Authors: Mi Zhaoguo , Chen Zhenhua , Jiang Kanghe , Yang Weihua
Published: August 2024

Silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix ceramic composites (SiCf/SiC) are extensively utilized in high-temperature resistant materials in the aerospace industry. This study investigated the influence of stacking structure on the performance of SiCf/SiC laminated composite plates with film cooling. Initially, the thermal conductivity of cross-piled SiCf/SiC composites was determined using the laser flash analysis (LFA) method and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. Subsequently, a representative volume element (RVE) model that reflected the stacking structure was established. The anisotropic thermal conductivity of the unidirectional SiCf/SiC layer was calculated using numerical methods and experimental results. Finally, numerical simulations were carried out to assess the film cooling effectiveness of various stacking sequences and layers. The results showed that the thermal conductivity values predicted by the RVE model for the laminated composite aligned well with the experimental results, and the unidirectional SiCf/SiC composite thermal conductivities at different temperatures were obtained. The stacking sequence impacted the temperature distribution near the film hole, with the [0-90-0] structure exhibiting a more pronounced effect on film cooling performance compared with the [0-90] and [0-90-90-0] structures. The performance of the film cooling in the laminated SiCf/SiC composites was consistent across all stacking layers [0-90]1, [0-90]2, and [0-90]3. The maximum difference in overall cooling efficiency was 1.7% between [0-90-0]1 and [0-90]1 and [0-90-90-0]1
Correction: Nong et al. Spatial-Temporal Variations and Driving Factors of the Coupling and Coordination Level of the Digital Economy and Sustainable Rural Development: A Case Study of China. Agriculture 2024, 14, 849
Authors: Nong Wanxiang , Wen Jun , He Jingyue
Published: August 2024

In the original publication [...]
Classification, Advanced Technologies, and Typical Applications of End-Effector for Fruit and Vegetable Picking Robots
Authors: Han Chongyang , Lv Jinhong , Dong Chengju , Li Jiehao , Luo Yuanqiang , Wu Weibin , Abdeen Mohamed Anwer
Published: August 2024

Fruit- and vegetable-harvesting robots are a great addition to Agriculture 4.0 since they are gradually replacing human labor in challenging activities. In order to achieve the harvesting process accurately and efficiently, the picking robot’s end-effector should be the first part to come into close contact with the crops. The design and performance requirements of the end-effectors are affected by the fruit and vegetable variety as well as the complexity of unstructured surroundings. This paper summarizes the latest research status of end-effectors for fruit- and vegetable-picking robots. It analyzes the characteristics and functions of end-effectors according to their structural principles and usage, which are classified into clamp, air suction, suction holding, and envelope types. The development and application of advanced technologies, such as the structural design of end-effectors, additional sensors, new materials, and artificial intelligence, were discussed. The typical applications of end-effectors for the picking of different kinds of fruit and vegetables were described, and the advantages, disadvantages, and performance indexes of different end-effectors were given and comparatively analyzed. Finally, challenges and potential future trends of end-effectors for picking robots were reported. This work can be considered a valuable guide to the latest end-effector technology for the design and selection of suitable end-effectors for harvesting different categories of fruit and vegetable crops.
The Contribution of the Farm to Table Concept to the Sustainable Development of Agritourism Homesteads
Authors: Gajić Tamara , Petrović Marko D. , Blešić Ivana , Radovanović Milan M. , Spasojević Ana , Sekulić Dejan , Penić Mirjana , Demirović Bajrami Dunja , Dubover Denis A.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the perception of the implementation of the Farm to Table (F2T) concept on the sustainability of agritourism households in the Republic of Serbia. The main objective of the study is to determine how this concept affects the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of these households according to the participants. Data were collected through surveys of agritourism homestead owners in the regions of Vojvodina, Western Serbia, Southern Serbia, and Eastern Serbia. The research findings, obtained using quantitative (SEM) analyses, indicate that the F2T concept significantly contributes to the sustainable development of agritourism homesteads by increasing economic profitability, reducing environmental impact, and strengthening the social community. Moderators such as seasonal product availability, employee education, and the local community support have a significant impact on the effectiveness of F2T activities. The innovation of this study lies in the application of quantitative methods to analyze the specific impacts of the F2T concept on the sustainability of agritourism households, an area that has been poorly explored in the literature. The study has a number of implications, including providing empirical data that can help farmers, tourism operators, and policymakers to promote sustainable agritourism businesses.
Optimizing Nitrogen Dosage and Planting Density to Improve Japonica Rice Yield
Authors: Zhao Liming , Zhou Hang , Tang Liang , Na Yongguang , Duan Shaobiao , Zheng Dianfeng , Feng Naijie , Shen Xuefeng
Published: August 2024

In Northeast China’s black soil rice cropping area, nitrogen (N) application is lower than in the south, yet excessive N fertilizer use persists, particularly in base fertilizers. This study aimed to assess the impact of reduced N and increased planting density on rice yields and photosynthetic matter production. From 2019 to 2020, a field split-plot experiment was conducted with two N rates (conventional N, CN: 120 kg ha−1 and reduced basal N, RN: 108 kg ha−1) and two planting densities (D1: 33.3 × 104 hills ha−1 and D2: 27.8 × 104 hills ha−1) using the rice varieties Kongyu131 (KY131) and Kendao24 (KD24). The results showed that RN increased the effective panicle formation rate but decreased the tiller numbers, dry matter accumulation, stems/sheaths transport capacity, leaf photosynthetic capacity, and yield by 2.67% compared to CN. D1 significantly boosted the dry matter accumulation, stems/sheaths transport, effective panicles, grains per square meter, and yield by 8.26% compared to D2. Interaction analysis revealed that RN under D2 conditions reduced the effective panicle percentage, harvest index, filled grain number, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR) but increased the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. Under D1, RN reduced the LAI, CGR, and NAR at the tillering and heading stages but increased the NAR post-heading. Compared to CND2, RND1 increased the biomass, stems/sheaths transport, LAI, CGR, NAR, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, panicle numbers, and filled grains per square meter, compensating for the lower harvest index and effective panicle rate, achieving a 5.36% yield increase. KD24 outperformed KY131 in yield improvement. In summary, using 108 kg ha−1 with a planting density of 33.3 × 104 hills ha−1 promotes tillering, enhances photosynthetic substance production stems/sheaths dry matter transport, and increases rice yields.
Loco-Regional Anaesthesia during Standing Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Equids: A Systematic Review (2003–2023) of the Literature
Authors: Giambrone Giada , Catone Giuseppe , Marino Gabriele , Gugliandolo Enrico , Miloro Renato , Vullo Cecilia
Published: August 2024

Laparoscopic ovariectomy is generally performed with equids in the standing position, with the animals heavily sedated and restrained in stocks. This procedure may be quite painful, and it is essential first to manage intraoperative pain to complete the surgery, respecting the animal’s welfare and, at the same time, ensuring the safety of the operators. Laparoscopy requires multiple small incisions to introduce the instruments, with one to two incisions enlarged sufficiently to remove the ovary. The surgical procedure must be associated with effective pain control, usually obtained with loco-regional anaesthesia, mesovarian injection, mesovaric or ovarian topical anaesthesia, and epidural anaesthesia. This systematic review aims to discuss articles published from 2003 to 2023 on treating loco-regional anaesthesia in standing laparoscopic ovariectomy in association with an evaluation of pain. The literature review was undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines on three databases (NCBI-PubMed, Web of Science, and SciVerse Scopus). Despite the collected papers numbering 36, we identified only five eligible papers, demonstrating that few studies are performed in order to evaluate the quality of analgesia with loco-regional anaesthesia in standing laparoscopic ovariectomy in equids. The authors of this systematic review agree that the association of injectable and epidural anaesthesia is the best solution to manage intraoperative pain in standing laparoscopic ovariectomy in equids.
Pet Owners’ Preferences for Quality of Life Improvements and Costs Related to Innovative Therapies in Feline Pain Associated with Osteoarthritis—A Quantitative Survey
Authors: Wright Andrea , Gildea Edwina , Longstaff Louise , Riley Danielle , Nagda Nirav , DiPietrantonio Kristina , Enstone Ashley , Wyn Robin , Bartram David
Published: August 2024

This research aimed to explore UK cat owners’ preferences for treatments for feline osteoarthritis (OA) by exploring preferences around quality of life (QoL) improvements, safety considerations, and costs associated with hypothetical innovative pain therapies. Aspects identified in an existing conceptual framework were extracted for inclusion in exploratory interviews with cat owners (n = 3) to identify key domains that contribute to the QoL of cats. QoL descriptions for cats with OA and hypothetical product attributes were developed and validated through interviews with veterinarians (n = 3). An online survey was subsequently shared with 255 pet owners in the UK. Pet owners were presented with QoL descriptions and hypothetical product attributes to gather their preferences for QoL improvements and their willingness to pay (WTP) for (unbranded) pain therapies at various price points. Pet owners were motivated to improve their cats’ QoL, which translated into WTP for therapies; specifically, pet owners valued QoL improvements in mobility, pain expression, and well-being. When presented with a product profile of the hypothetical novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) and cost, 50% of cat owners were willing to pay more for a mAb that is expected to have improved efficacy and safety when compared to a hypothetical standard of care (SoC). Significantly more pet owners preferred the mAb than the SoC when price was not presented (p < 0.01), with product efficacy and safety driving pet owners’ decision-making. The majority of pet owners did not agree that taking their cats to the veterinarian once a month for their treatment would be burdensome. Cat owners in the UK are motivated to improve their cats’ QoL, which translates into WTP for the efficacious treatment of pain associated with osteoarthritis. Veterinarians should offer cat owners the pain treatment they feel is best suited for improving the cat’s QoL and to ensure subsequent owner-pet bond is preserved.
Use of Geomatic Techniques to Determine the Influence of Climate Change on the Evolution of the Doñana Salt Marshes’ Flooded Area between 2009 and 2020
Authors: Leiva-Piedra Jorge Luis , Ramírez-Juidias Emilio , Amaro-Mellado José-Lázaro
Published: August 2024

Located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, the Doñana salt marshes occupy around half of Doñana National Park and are currently considered among the most important wetlands worldwide due to the importance of their ecosystem. In this research work, using a novel patented procedure, the effects of climate change on the study area between 2009 and 2020 were evaluated. For this reason, DEMs were downloaded from the 30-meter Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Furthermore, to check the depth of the flooded area, 792 satellite images (L5 TM, L7 ETM+, and L8 OLI) with a resolution of 30 m were analyzed. The results show how the combined use of geomatic techniques, such as radar, optical, and geographic information system (GIS) data, along with regression models and iterative processes, plays a key role in the prediction and analysis of the flooded area volume in the Doñana salt marshes. Another significant contribution of this work is the development of a new remote sensing index. In conclusion, given that the study area depends on its aquifers’ status, it would be advisable to implement policies aimed at eradicating illegal aquifer extraction, as well as recovery plans to avoid the complete clogging of this salt marsh.
A Study on Motorists’ P&R Use Behavior in a River–Valley-Type City Considering the Moderating Effect of Terrain Spatial Perception
Authors: Qi Jinping , Fan Mengxing , Shang Hongtai , Kan Jiayun , Zheng Xiangdong
Published: August 2024

Traffic problems in China’s river–valley-type cities are prominent. In order to solve these traffic problems, this paper presents four aspects of motorists’ terrain spatial perception according to the characteristics of river–valley-type cities. Based on the structural equation model (SEM), four-dimensional terrain spatial perception is reduced by second-order confirmatory factor analysis. The SEM–Logit model was constructed to analyze the influences of individual socioeconomic attributes, objective built-environment attributes, travel characteristics, and terrain spatial perception on Park and Ride (P&R) use behavior, as well as the moderating effects of terrain spatial perception. The results show that the four latent variables can explain the terrain spatial perception of motorists in river–valley-type cities well. Objective built environments and motorists’ subjective terrain spatial perception have significant impacts on the use of P&R facilities in river–valley-type cities. The terrain spatial perception of motorists in a river–valley-type city moderates the impact of work–residence distance, road slope, river crossing demand, group travel, departure time, and the time saved on P&R use behavior. The research results can provide some reference for solving traffic problems in river–valley-type cities.
Durvillaea antarctica Meal as a Possible Functional Ingredient in Traditional Beef Burgers
Authors: Quiñones John , Díaz Rommy , Velázquez Lidiana , Martínez Ailín , Sepúlveda Gastón , Huaiquipán Rodrigo , Short Stefania , Velásquez Carla , Cancino David , Tapía Daniela , Abasolo Fernando , Sepúlveda Néstor
Published: August 2024

At present, some ingredients called “novel foods”, such as seaweed, are being incorporated into meat products. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of Durvillaea antarctica meal as an extender of traditional beef burgers and its effect on quality, fatty-acid profile, and general acceptability. Prototypes including 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0% Durvillaea antarctica meal were developed and measured for color, pH, water-holding capacity, fatty acids, and cholesterol profile. A trained sensory panel evaluated the organoleptic properties. The results show that as the amount of Durvillaea antarctica meal increases, the pH decreases less sharply compared to the control, while the water-holding capacity was similar to, but not better than, the control when including 3.0% of seaweed. On the other hand, the redness significantly decreased, affecting the sensory attributes of the product. The lipid profile was partially altered by the inclusion of the meal; it was observed that the percentage of saturated fats was reduced, and the levels of some omega3 fatty acids increased. Beef burgers made with 0.5% Durvillaea antarctica meal showed better acceptability and flavor. The use of seaweed, such as Durvillaea antarctica, could be a new alternative for the transformation of traditional meat products into new-generation foods. The evaluation of the functional and microbiological properties of the meat matrix, as well as nutraceutical properties and cost effectiveness, will be addressed in a future study.
A Genetic Programming Approach to Radiomic-Based Feature Construction for Survival Prediction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Scalco Elisa , Gómez-Flores Wilfrido , Rizzo Giovanna
Published: August 2024

Machine learning (ML) is commonly used to develop survival-predictive radiomic models in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, which helps assist treatment decision making. Radiomic features derived from computer tomography (CT) lung images aim to capture quantitative tumor characteristics. However, these features are determined by humans, which poses a risk of including irrelevant or redundant variables, thus reducing the model’s generalization. To address this issue, we propose using genetic programming (GP) to automatically construct new features with higher discriminant power than the original radiomic features. To achieve this goal, we introduce a fitness function that measures the classification performance ratio of output to input. The constructed features are then input for various classifiers to predict the two-year survival of NSCLC patients from two public CT datasets. Our approach is compared against two popular feature selection methods in radiomics to choose relevant radiomic features, and two GP-based feature construction methods whose fitness functions are based on measuring the constructed features’ quality. The experimental results show that survival prediction models trained on GP-based constructed features outperform feature selection methods. Also, maximizing the classification performance gain output-to-input ratio produces features with higher discriminative power than only maximizing the classification accuracy from constructed features. Furthermore, a survival analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences between survival and non-survival groups in the Kaplan–Meier curves. Therefore, the proposed approach can be used as a complementary method for oncologists in determining the clinical management of NSCLC patients.
Vancomycin-Conjugated Polyethyleneimine-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles Attenuate Germination and Show Potent Antifungal Activity against Aspergillus spp.
Authors: Nikhil Aishwarya , Tiwari Atul Kumar , Tilak Ragini , Kumar Saroj , Bharti Prahlad Singh , Pandey Prem C. , Narayan Roger J. , Gupta Munesh Kumar
Published: August 2024

Antifungal drug resistance in filamentous fungi, particularly Aspergillus species, is increasing worldwide. Therefore, new antifungal drugs or combinations of drugs are urgently required to overcome this public health situation. In the present study, we examined the antifungal activity of vancomycin-functionalized AuNPs. These functionalized AuNPs were characterized, and their antifungal activity and associated killing mechanism were investigated using conventional methodologies against the conidia of A. fumigatus and A. flavus. The differential antifungal activity of vancomycin-functionalized Au-NPs against the conidia of Aspergillus species is dependent on structural differences in the conidial cell wall. The results demonstrated potent fungicidal activity against A. fumigatus, with a MIC value of 4.68 µg/mL, 93% germination inhibition, and 38.4% killing rate within 8 h of exposure. However, the activity against A. flavus was fungistatic; a MIC value of 18.7 µg/mL and 35% conidial germination inhibition, followed by 28.4% killing rate, were noted under similar conditions. Furthermore, endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was 37.4 and 23.1% in conidial populations of A. fumigatus and A. flavus, respectively. Raman spectroscopy analysis confirmed the possible (but not confirmed) binding of functionalized AuNPs with the chitin and galactomannan components of the cell wall. A potential strategy that involves the exploration of antibacterial drugs using AuNPs as efficient drug carriers may also be appropriate for countering emerging drug resistance in filamentous fungi.
In Situ Monitoring and Analysis of the Development Characteristics of Separation in Internal Overburden
Authors: Xie Jianlin , Wang Xiaozhen , Qiao Wei
Published: August 2024

This study conducted in situ monitoring by means of distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) and multipoint borehole extensometers (MPBXs). Combined with the measurement data of water level depth, the development of separation was analyzed comprehensively for the first time. At first, the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone was predicted. As the results show, the predictive data is 173.95 m. According to the in situ monitoring data, the top boundary height of the water-conducting fracture zone is determined at a height of 186.1~207.9 m, which is in line with the predicted results. Based on the DOFS data, it can be inferred that the separation layer exists at the depths of 351.3~390.4 m. According to MPBXs data, the largest development of the separation layer is also inferred to be located at the depths of 324~388 m. The in situ monitoring methods in this study can directly obtain the development position of the separation layer in the internal overburden, which can provide good guidance for the on-site control of water disasters caused by water accumulation in separation.
Behavior and Reliable Design Methods of Axial Compressed Dune Sand Concrete-Filled Circular Steel Tube Columns
Authors: Sadat Said Ikram , Ding Fa-Xing , Wang Maolong , Lyu Fei , Akhunzada Khalid , Xu Hongchang , Hui Baoye
Published: August 2024

An innovative composite structural element, the dune sand concrete-filled circular steel tube (DS-CFCST) column combines the mechanical performance of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns with the environmental and economic benefits of dune sand (DS) concrete. However, current experimental investigations into DS-CFCST columns’ axial compressive behavior are limited. This study conducts a numerical analysis to examine the effects of varying DS replacement ratios and the influence of confinement on DS-CFCST stub columns. Finite element (FE) analysis reveals that DS-CFCST stub columns exhibit reduced ultimate bearing capacity compared to CFST columns, primarily due to weakened confinement effects at higher DS replacement ratios. A parametric study investigated the impacts of various design parameters on the ultimate axial bearing capacity of DS-CFCST stub columns. A practical design formula, based on equilibrium principles and the FE model, was developed. This formula simplifies the prediction of the ultimate load-bearing capacity of DS-CFCST stub columns using the superposition method. Its accuracy was validated by comparing it with experimental data and FE results. Lastly, a reliability analysis was performed, showing the DS-CFCST columns’ reliability index sensitivity to variations in concrete strength, steel yield strength, steel content ratio, load effect ratio, load combination factor, and DS replacement ratio.
A Security-Oriented Data-Sharing Scheme Based on Blockchain
Authors: Ma Wei , Wei Xibei , Wang Longlong
Published: August 2024

Data sharing serves to maximize the efficiency of data resources by facilitating their full utilization and reducing associated costs. However, existing data-sharing schemes are confronted with issues such as data loss, data tampering, difficulties in privacy protection, and high sharing costs. To address these issues, this paper proposes a blockchain-based security-oriented data-sharing scheme. Firstly, an architecture that separates data from data ownership is employed to enhance the security of the scheme and reduce storage overhead. Secondly, a lightweight on-chain and off-chain collaborative data security algorithm based on ECC and ECDHE is designed to ensure confidentiality during data sharing. Finally, a mechanism for tracking the circulation of shared data is proposed, which records the data flow in non-fungible tokens (NFTs), thereby improving the traceability of the proposed scheme. We designed relevant experiments to evaluate the proposed solution, and the results demonstrate that the data-sharing scheme devised in this paper performs well in terms of both security and usability, effectively achieving secure data sharing.