bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scaphoid Nonunions Treated with Nonvascularized Bone Grafting and Screw Fixation
Authors: Zondervan Robert L. , Childe Jessica R. , Kustasz Robin , Hornbach Erich E.
Published: April 2023

Background Vascularized bone grafting with screw fixation is currently considered the treatment of choice for scaphoid nonunions with avascular necrosis (AVN) of the proximal pole. A viable alternative to using vascularized bone grafts for scaphoid nonunions with AVN is nonvascularized bone grafting with screw fixation.

Question What are the functional outcomes of patients with scaphoid nonunions and associated proximal pole AVN who are treated with nonvascularized distal radius bone grafting and screw fixation?

Patients and Methods Eight scaphoid nonunions with AVN, which received nonvascularized distal radius bone graft and screw fixation, underwent a retrospective review. Range of motion, strength, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores were obtained. Follow-up X-rays were compared with immediate postoperative X-rays.

Results At a mean follow-up of 88.9 months, thumb palmar abduction and radial abduction were significantly higher on the operative side (p = 0.28 and 0.49, respectively). Extension/flexion arc was significantly lower in the operative wrist (p = 0.148). There was no significant difference between the operative and nonoperative sides with regard to strength. The median postoperative DASH score was 2.9 (interquartile range [IQR]: 8.3). There was no progression of osteoarthritis when immediate postoperative and follow-up X-rays were compared. Radiographic union was observed in six of the seven (85.7%) patients who were able to return to the office for follow-up radiographs. The mean scapholunate and radioscaphoid angles measured on X-rays were within normal anatomic range postoperatively.

Conclusions Using nonvascularized distal radius bone graft and screw fixation in the treatment of scaphoid nonunions with associated AVN has favorable radiologic and functional outcomes and should be considered a viable treatment option for this difficult problem.
Heterogeneous mechanisms of urban land price in China: a perspective of natural restrictions and strategic supply
Authors: Yuan Feng , Xiao Weiye , Wei Yehua Dennis
Published: April 2023

Analyzing how the underlying mechanism influences land value changes is essential to understanding the land market, which contributes to sustainable urbanization. Drawing upon a land transaction dataset, we analyze the determinants of urban land prices from 2008 to 2020, considering land supply and demands, with particular attention to natural restrictions and government interventions in China. The statistical analysis suggests that the inequality in industrial and commercial land prices rose from 2008 to 2015 and decreased after 2015. The inequality in residential land prices has kept rising from 2008 to 2020 because land finance is still essential to local government. Discriminatory price strategy for industrial land prices in eastern China is getting more popular. The regression models reveal the significant negative impact of natural restrictions on land price, and such impact from natural restrictions is decreasing after 2015. The market forces represented by city-level socioeconomic factors are becoming more important after 2015, indicating a more free land market in China. We also find the gaps between cities and counties in land prices are closing, which might benefit the recent development in rural and county region of China. These findings provide important insights into the transition in the land market in China from 2008 to 2020, which also contribute to a better understanding of the spatial inequality in the land market and the heterogeneity in different land-use types.
The effect of long-term exposure at room temperature on the thermal conductivity of the FeSe superconductor in the normal state
Authors: Khadzhai G. Ya. , Solovjov A. L. , Kislitsa M. V. , Paschenko L. A. , Nazarova E. , Buchkov K. , Vovk S. R. , Feher A. , Vovk R. V.
Published: April 2023

The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of the iron-based FeSe0.94 superconductor sample has been studied in the range of 4.2–200 K after long-term exposure for 7 years. The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity is predominantly phonon. This dependence was approximated taking into account phonon scattering by the boundaries of the sample, as well as scattering by dislocations, point defects, and phonon-phonon scattering. When comparing the parameters of this approximation with similar parameters for literature data for a freshly prepared polycrystalline sample, it turned out that long-term exposure led to a significant increase in all parameters. That is, long-term exposure causes a significant increase in the number of dislocations, and point defects and intensifies phonon-phonon scattering. For both samples, we found no effect of the structural phase transition at T ≈ 75 K from the tetragonal phase into the orthorhombic one on the thermal conductivity.
Enhanced and modulated optical response of GaSe by coupling with resonant linear Bragg gratings
Authors: Jiang Qi , Liu Yong , Luo Ziyu , Sun Ronghuan , Chen Ying , Xie Yunfei , Shuai Qin , Xu Pan , Zhang Quanlong , Yi Xiao , Yang Xin , Chen Shula , Pan Anlian
Published: April 2023

The extensive application of GaSe in optoelectronic devices has generated great enthusiasm for the study of their fundamental properties. Despite its high quantum yield and superb nonlinearity, the intrinsic out-of-plane transition dipole of excitons in GaSe leads mainly to in-plane photoluminescence (PL) emission, which results in poor detection efficiency normal to the sample surface. Here, we demonstrate a practical strategy for boosting and modulating the PL of GaSe by transferring it onto dielectric linear Bragg gratings (LBGs), achieving a significant 42-fold enhancement in PL at room temperature. Furthermore, the use of the LBG results in strong linear polarization of the original isotropic PL emission. In addition, temperature-dependent experiments indicate that the LBG results in maximum modulation of PL at 605 nm, an up to 150-fold increase. Through this work, we provide a facile method to enhance the exciton recombination and light outcoupling efficiency of GaSe, which can be further applied to other van der Waals layered materials with out-of-plane optical dipole transition for enhanced optoelectronic device performance.
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations for wave induced ice floe melting
Authors: Tran-Duc Thien , Meylan Michael H. , Thamwattana Ngamta
Published: April 2023

In this paper, ice melting under the impacts of water waves was studied numerically via smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. Effects due to the ice elasticity were also included. Accordingly, the melting of an ice plate, modeled as an elastic object and interacting with transitional water waves with wave height and wave steepness up to 0.32 m and 0.093, respectively, was simulated and analyzed. The simulations showed that water waves' effects on the ice melting are seen via overflow over the top surface and local fluid circulations in the submerged region due to water–ice interactions and wave motions. Those effects result in a melting amount of the ice plate up to 1.78 times higher than the ice in still water. The overflow contributes up to 25% of the total amount of the melted ice. In comparison, fluid convection in the submerged region also leads to an increase in about 43% in the ice-melting amount over the submerged region. The melting rate is seen highest at the early stage of the simulation period and then is constantly reducing. The melting rate of the ice is seen linearly varying with the initial water temperature.
New applications for the world’s smallest high-precision capacitance dilatometer and its stress-implementing counterpart
Authors: Küchler R. , Wawrzyńczak R. , Dawczak-Dębicki H. , Gooth J. , Galeski S.
Published: April 2023

We introduce a new stress dilatometer with exactly the same size and mass as the world’s smallest miniature capacitance dilatometer (height × width × depth = 15 × 14 × 15 mm3, mass: 12 g). To develop this new device, only a single part of the most recently developed mini-dilatometer, the so-called “body,” needs to be replaced. Therefore, the new mini-dilatometer with an interchangeable body can be used for high-resolution measurements of thermal expansion and magnetostriction with and without large stress. We also report two novel applications of both mini-dilatometer cell types. Our new setup was installed for the first time in a cryogen-free system (PPMS DynaCool). The first new setup allows the rotation of both dilatometers in situ at any angle between −90° ≥ μ ≥ +90° in the temperature range from 320 to 1.8 K. We also installed our mini-cells in a dilution refrigerator insert of a PPMS DynaCool, in which dilatometric measurements are now possible in the temperature range from 4 to 0.06 K. Because of the limited sample space, such measurements could not be performed so far. For both new applications, we can resolve the impressive length changes to 0.01 Å.
Nanoscopic jets and filaments of superfluid 4He at zero temperature: A DFT study
Authors: Ancilotto Francesco , Barranco Manuel , Pi Martí
Published: April 2023

The instability of a cryogenic 4He jet exiting through a small nozzle into vacuum leads to the formation of 4He drops, which are considered ideal matrices for spectroscopic studies of embedded atoms and molecules. Here, we present a He-density functional theory (DFT) description of droplet formation resulting from jet breaking and contraction of superfluid 4He filaments. Whereas the fragmentation of long jets closely follows the predictions of linear theory for inviscid fluids, leading to droplet trains interspersed with smaller satellite droplets, the contraction of filaments with an aspect ratio larger than a threshold value leads to the nucleation of vortex rings, which hinder their breakup into droplets.
Computing vibrational spectra using a new collocation method with a pruned basis and more points than basis functions: Avoiding quadrature
Authors: Simmons Jesse , Carrington Tucker
Published: April 2023

We present a new collocation method for computing the vibrational spectrum of a polyatomic molecule. Some form of quadrature or collocation is necessary when the potential energy surface does not have a simple form that simplifies the calculation of the potential matrix elements required to do a variational calculation. With quadrature, better accuracy is obtained by using more points than basis functions. To achieve the same advantage with collocation, we introduce a collocation method with more points than basis functions. Critically important, the method can be used with a large basis because it is incorporated into an iterative eigensolver. Previous collocation methods with more points than functions were incompatible with iterative eigensolvers. We test the new ideas by computing energy levels of molecules with as many as six atoms. We use pruned bases but expect the new method to be advantageous whenever one uses a basis for which it is not possible to find an accurate quadrature with about as many points as there are basis functions. For our test molecules, accurate energy levels are obtained even using non-optimal, simple, equally spaced points.
Active control of vortex shedding past finite cylinders under the effect of a free surface
Authors: Carvalho I. A. , Assi G. R. S.
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the analysis of the active flow control promoted by low-aspect-ratio cylinders under the effect of a free surface at a low Froude number, modeled as a slip-allowing plane. To advance the literature in this merit, that is scarce compared with infinitely long and surface-mounted bodies, we carry out Detached-eddy simulations at Reynolds number of 1000 to investigate the active control provided by eight spinning rods surrounding a larger body. One of the ends of this system was immersed in the free stream, while the other was in contact with a free water surface. Our results reveal that when the rods spun with sufficiently large angular velocities, the (non-Kármán) vortex street was progressively organized and the part of the wake associated with the mechanism of vortex formation described by Gerrard [“The mechanics of the formation region of vortices behind bluff bodies,” J. Fluid Mech. 25, 401–413 (1966)] was eliminated. Nevertheless, tip-vortices prevailed throughout the examined range of spinning velocities. We also contrasted drag mitigation with power loss due to viscous traction and found that to reduce the mean drag on the system to a lower value than that of the bare cylinder necessarily required power expenditure. Steady reduction of mean drag and less significant mitigation of root mean square of lift and mean side force were verified to occur for the entire system and for the central body. However, the side force proved less affected by the wake-control mechanism. We demonstrate this to be associated with a novel ring-like vortex that prevailed throughout the simulations. Vortex dynamics and formation of these turbulent structures are explored.
Early path dominance as a principle for neurodevelopment
Authors: Razban Rostam M. , Pachter Jonathan Asher , Dill Ken A. , Mujica-Parodi Lilianne R.
Published: April 2023

We perform targeted attack, a systematic computational unlinking of the network, to analyze its effects on global communication across the brain network through its giant cluster. Across diffusion magnetic resonance images from individuals in the UK Biobank, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study and Developing Human Connectome Project, we find that targeted attack procedures on increasing white matter tract lengths and densities are remarkably invariant to aging and disease. Time-reversing the attack computation suggests a mechanism for how brains develop, for which we derive an analytical equation using percolation theory. Based on a close match between theory and experiment, our results demonstrate that tracts are limited to emanate from regions already in the giant cluster and tracts that appear earliest in neurodevelopment are those that become the longest and densest.
Fabrication of nanostructured electrodes for electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (E-SERS): A review
Authors: Jones Tabitha
Published: April 2023

Electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (E-SERS) is a powerful technique for the detection of trace levels of analytes in solution. It has wide ranging applications with a particular focus on biomarker detection. To perform E-SERS, nanostructured plasmonic metal electrodes are needed. Currently, a variety of fabrication methods are employed. This review defines the requirements for E-SERS electrodes and then describes and evaluates the current fabrication methods. The limitations of these techniques are discussed with the balance between ease of manufacture and magnitude of enhancement being identified as the key issue. Finally, suggestions for future areas of research are presented.
Numerical prediction of lack-of-fusion defects in selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy
Authors: Morvayová Alexandra , Contuzzi Nicola , Casalino Giuseppe
Published: April 2023

Despite the emerging research, it is still troublesome to control the defect formation in selective laser melted parts. In this paper, a mechano-thermo-fluid dynamical FEM model at meso-scale was proposed. The model calculates and predicts the volume and dimensions of lack-of-fusion (LOF) defects according to the applied process parameters. The numerical model was validated with experimentally assessed volume of lack-of-fusion defects and melt pool dimensions. Results shown the lowest volume of LOF defects (0.41%) in specimen produced with 275 W and scanning speed of 400 mm/s. Laser power was determined as a parameter majorly impacting the volume and dimensions of LOF in selective laser melted parts.
He who laughs last laughs the loudest: the 2021 donchi-kubeba (don’t tell) elections in Zambia
Authors: Musonda James
Published: April 2023

Most Africanist scholars stress the importance of clientelism in determining electoral outcomes and patrimonialism and the use of force in enabling ruling parties to prolong their stay in power. This article, which draws upon various instances of participant observation and interviews regarding the 2021 elections in Zambia, contributes to the few studies that emphasise the limits of clientelism and patrimonialism in African politics and the agency of voters or subordinate groups to hold their leaders accountable. It does so by showing how Zambian voters sought to secure benefits from clientelist campaigns, patrimonial rule and trade union campaigns to win changes in state policies, publicly promising reciprocity and loyalty when under the gaze of the ruling party actors, only to vote them out of power.
Disagreement among the three musketeers of the unfolded protein response
Authors: Jipa András , Juhász Gábor
Published: April 2023

Jipa and Juhász preview results from the lab of Tao Wang (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202208147) which show a surprising antagonism between two branches of the unfolded protein response that dictates disease progression in a model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
Dain’s invariant for black hole initial data
Authors: Sansom R , Kroon J A Valiente
Published: April 2023

Dynamical black holes in the non-perturbative regime are not mathematically well understood. Studying approximate symmetries of spacetimes describing dynamical black holes gives an insight into their structure. Utilising the property that approximate symmetries coincide with actual symmetries when they are present allows one to construct geometric invariants characterising the symmetry. In this paper, we extend Dain’s construction of geometric invariants characterising stationarity to the case of initial data sets for the Einstein equations corresponding to black hole spacetimes. We prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a boundary value problem showing that one can always find approximate Killing vectors in black hole spacetimes and these coincide with actual Killing vectors when they are present. In the time-symmetric setting we make use of a 2 + 1 decomposition to construct a geometric invariant on a marginally outer trapped surface that vanishes if and only if the Killing initial data equations are locally satisfied.
Optical manipulation and conversion in whispering gallery mode resonators with pump depletion
Authors: Guo Liu , Yan Cong-Hua
Published: April 2023

In this work, we study optical manipulation and conversion in the high-power regime, and thus the unavoidable intrinsic coupling between the pump light and the signal light, i.e. pump depletion, needs to be included. Compared with the transmission properties that are insensitive to the power of the signal light in the low-power regime with pump non-depletion, our results in the high-power regime with pump depletion show that the resonant transmission coefficients of the

χ

(
2
)

nonlinearity can be manipulated from 0 to non-zero by adjusting the intensities of the signal light, and thus it behaves as an intensity-dependent all-optical switch. Although the resonant conversion efficiencies from four-wave mixing of the

χ

(
3
)

nonlinearity are generally suppressed by power-dependent frequency shifts as a result of self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) in the high-pump regime, the conversion efficiencies can be amplified by tuning the frequency detuning of the signal and pump lights. The optical transmission coefficients and conversion efficiencies can also be enhanced by utilizing the interplay between

χ

(
2
)

and

χ

(
3
)

nonlinearities in the high-pump regime. The mechanism of enhancing the conversion efficiencies to overcome the suppression from SPM and XPM provides a new way to convert frequency with high efficiencies.
Local electronic structure of interstitial hydrogen in MgH2 inferred from muon study
Authors: Kadono Ryosuke , Hiraishi Masatoshi , Okabe Hirotaka , Koda Akihiro , U Ito Takashi
Published: April 2023

Magnesium hydride has great potential as a solid hydrogen (H) storage material because of its high H storage capacity of 7.6 wt%. However, its slow hydrogenation and dehydrogenation kinetics and the high temperature of 300 ∘C required for decomposition are major obstacles to small-scale applications such as automobiles. The local electronic structure of interstitial H in MgH2 is an important fundamental knowledge in solving this problem, which has been studied mainly based on density functional theory (DFT). However, few experimental studies have been performed to assess the results of DFT calculations. We have therefore introduced muon (Mu) as pseudo-H into MgH2 and investigated the corresponding interstitial H states by analyzing their electronic and dynamical properties in detail. As a result, we observed multiple Mu states similar to those observed in wide-gap oxides, and found that their electronic states can be attributed to relaxed–excited states associated with donor/acceptor levels predicted by the recently proposed ‘ambipolarity model’. This provides an indirect support for the DFT calculations on which the model is based via the donor/acceptor levels. An important implication of the muon results for improved hydrogen kinetics is that dehydrogenation, serving as a reduction for hydrides, stabilises the interstitial H− state.
A high performance lead-free flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator based on AlFeO3 nanorods interspersed in PDMS matrix for biomechanical energy scavenging to sustainably power electronics
Authors: Bhattacharyya Debalina , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: April 2023

Since lead-based piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) possess serious health risks, environmental problems, proper disposal issues, and biocompatibility concerns, this work presents the fabrication of a flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator utilizing lead-free orthorhombic AlFeO3 nanorods for biomechanical energy scavenging to sustainably power electronics. Hydrothermal technique is used to synthesize the AlFeO3 nanorods and the PENG was fabricated on Indium tin oxide (ITO) coated Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flexible film with AlFeO3 nanorods interspersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). transmission electron microscopy proved that the AlFeO3 nanoparticles are of nanorods shape. Through x-ray Diffraction, it is validated that AlFeO3 nanorods have orthorhombic phase and crystalline structure. A high piezoelectric charge coefficient (d

33
) of 400 pm V−1 is obtained from the piezoelectric force microscopy of AlFeO3 nanorods. With optimized concentration of AlFeO3 in the polymer matrix, an open circuit voltage (V
OC) of 30.5 V, current density (J
C) of 0.7888

±
0.0001

μA cm−2 and an instantaneous power density of 240.6 mW m−2 are obtained under the application of a force of 1.25 kgf. To investigate the nanogenerator’s practical utility, the PENG is used for lighting multiple LEDs, charging of a capacitor and as a pedometer via biomechanical energy harvesting. Hence, it can be employed for developing various self-powered wearable electronics such as flexible skin, artificial cutaneous sensors, etc.
Multi-scale and local feature guidance network for corneal nerve fiber segmentation
Authors: Tang Wei , Chen Xinjian , Yuan Jin , Meng Qingquan , Shi Fei , Xiang Dehui , Chen Zhongyue , Zhu Weifang
Published: April 2023

Objective. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a rapid and non-invasive ophthalmic imaging technique that can reveal corneal nerve fiber. The automatic segmentation of corneal nerve fiber in CCM images is vital for the subsequent abnormality analysis, which is the main basis for the early diagnosis of degenerative neurological systemic diseases such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Approach. In this paper, a U-shape encoder–decoder structure based multi-scale and local feature guidance neural network (MLFGNet) is proposed for the automatic corneal nerve fiber segmentation in CCM images. Three novel modules including multi-scale progressive guidance (MFPG) module, local feature guided attention (LFGA) module, and multi-scale deep supervision (MDS) module are proposed and applied in skip connection, bottom of the encoder and decoder path respectively, which are designed from both multi-scale information fusion and local information extraction perspectives to enhance the network’s ability to discriminate the global and local structure of nerve fibers. The proposed MFPG module solves the imbalance between semantic information and spatial information, the LFGA module enables the network to capture attention relationships on local feature maps and the MDS module fully utilizes the relationship between high-level and low-level features for feature reconstruction in the decoder path. Main results. The proposed MLFGNet is evaluated on three CCM image Datasets, the Dice coefficients reach 89.33%, 89.41%, and 88.29% respectively. Significance. The proposed method has excellent segmentation performance for corneal nerve fibers and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
Numerical study of self-organized filaments affected by flow field in dielectric barrier discharges
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Tang Weiwei , Wang Yanhui , Wang Dezhen
Published: April 2023

Static and dynamic self-organized patterns are observed in dielectric barrier discharge by numerical simulation. The static pattern is characterized by regularly distributed standing discharge channels/filaments, and its morphology is significantly dependent on discharge parameters such as electrode size and voltage. The interaction between the filaments proves to be electrostatic repulsive force. The introduction of the external flow field breaks the stability of the pattern which finally results in the formation of a quasi-static pattern with a displaced filament or dynamic pattern with directional moving filaments. The thrust from the flow should be responsible for the motion of the filaments, which may also be described from the microscopic view that the neutral background atoms transfer the momentum to species by the collision. Moreover, the filaments may also exhibit particle-like behaviors, such as collision, vanishment, and generation under the effect of flow.
Preparation and performance research of porous and Venus flytrap-shaped IPMC
Authors: Li Jiahua , Tian Aifen , Zhai Zhengxin , Zhang Dongsheng , Du Huiling
Published: April 2023

Ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) is a new type of artificial muscle material. It is often used as the driver of bionic micro animals and plants because of its low driving voltage, large deformation and high sensitivity. The water uptake (WUP) of IPMC is an important factor affecting its driving performance. Considering this, a series of porous IPMCs with different content of nano Fe3O4 were prepared by particle leaching and electroless plating. Owing to the existence of a porous structure, the transportation channels of water molecules are greatly increased, which improves the WUP and driving performance of the IPMC. Combined with the inspiration of the stoma’s natural plant body structure, porous IPMC (P-IPMC) was applied to the bionic Venus flytrap (VF) actuator. The experimental results show that when the nano Fe3O4 content is between 0.1 wt% and 0.5 wt%, the performance of P-IPMC is better than that of non-porous IPMC (NP-IPMC). From the performance response of the NP-VF and P-VF actuators, P-VF can meet the requirements of a similar shape and motion state to the natural flytrap at a voltage value of 4 V, which is better than the driving performance of NP-VF. This paper lays a foundation for the improvement of driving performance and the diversified use of IPMC.
Constraints on modified gravity from the BOSS galaxy survey
Authors: Piga L. , Marinucci M. , D'Amico G. , Pietroni M. , Vernizzi F. , Wright B.S.
Published: April 2023

We develop a pipeline to set new constraints on scale-independent modified gravity, from the galaxy power spectrum in redshift space of BOSS DR12. The latter is modelled using the effective field theory of large-scale structure up to 1-loop order in perturbation theory.
We test our pipeline on synthetic and simulated data, to assess systematic biases on the inferred cosmological parameters due to marginalization and theoretical errors, and we apply it to the normal branch of the DGP model with a ΛCDM background. When applied to synthetic data and cosmological simulations, we observe biased posteriors due to the strong degeneracy between the nDGP parameter Ωrc and the primordial amplitude of fluctuations As
. Fixing the latter to the Planck central value, we obtain a posterior distribution with Ωrc ≲ 0.65 at 95% C.L., under the assumption of a flat prior on log10 Ωrc. This upper bound, however, depends strongly on the prior on Ωrc. To alleviate this effect, we provide an upper bound based on the Bayes factor between the nDGP model and ΛCDM model, which gives Ωrc ≲ 0.2 at 95% C.L..
Scaling behavior of observables as a model characteristic in multifield inflation
Authors: Lynker Monika , Schimmrigk Rolf
Published: April 2023

One of the fundamental questions in inflation is how to characterize the structure of
different types of models in the field theoretic landscape. Proposals in this direction include
attempts to directly characterize the formal structure of the theory by considering complexity
measures of the potentials. An alternative intrinsic approach is to focus on the behavior of the
observables that result from different models and to ask whether their behavior differs among
models. This type of analysis can be applied even to nontrivial multifield theories where a
natural measure of the complexity of the model is not obvious and the analytical evaluation of the
observables is often impossible. In such cases one may still compute these observables
numerically and investigate their behavior. One interesting case is when observables show a
scaling behavior, in which case theories can be characterized in terms of their scaling amplitudes
and exponents. Generically, models have nontrivial parameter spaces, leading to exponents that are
functions of these parameters. In such cases we consider an iterative procedure to determine
whether the exponent functions in turn lead to a scaling behavior. We show that modular inflation
models can be characterized by families of simple scaling laws and that the scaling exponents that
arise in this way in turn show scaling in dependence of the varying energy scales.
Glueballs at physical pion mass*
Authors: Chen Feiyu , Jiang Xiangyu , Chen Ying , Liu Keh-Fei , Sun Wei , Yang Yi-Bo
Published: April 2023

Glueballs are investigated through gluonic operators on two

RBC/UKQCD gauge ensembles at the physical pion mass. The statistical errors of glueball correlation functions are considerably reduced through the cluster decomposition error reduction (CDER) method. The Bethe-Salpeter wave functions are obtained for the scalar, tensor, and pseudoscalar glueballs by using spatially extended glueball operators defined through the gauge potential

in the Coulomb gauge. These wave functions exhibit similar features of non-relativistic two-gluon systems and are used to optimize the signals of the related correlation functions at the early time regions, where the ground state masses are extracted. These masses are close to those from the quenched approximation and indicate the possible existence of glueballs at the physical point. The resonance feature of glueballs and the mixing with conventional mesons and multi-hadron systems should be considered in a more systematic lattice study.
The Solar Upper Transition Region Imager (SUTRI) Onboard the SATech-01 Satellite
Authors: Bai Xianyong , Tian Hui , Deng Yuanyong , Wang Zhanshan , Yang Jianfeng , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhang Yonghe , Qi Runze , Wang Nange , Gao Yang , Yu Jun , He Chunling , Shen Zhengxiang , Shen Lun , Guo Song , Hou Zhenyong , Ji Kaifan , Bi Xingzi , Duan Wei , Yang Xiao , Lin Jiaben , Hu Ziyao , Song Qian , Yang Zihao , Chen Yajie , Qiao Weidong , Ge Wei , Li Fu , Jin Lei , He Jiawei , Chen Xiaobo , Zhu Xiaocheng , He Junwang , Shi Qi , Liu Liu , Li Jinsong , Xu Dongxiao , Liu Rui , Li Taijie , Feng Zhenggong , Wang Yamin , Fan Chengcheng , Liu Shuo , Guo Sifan , Sun Zheng , Wu Yuchuan , Li Haiyu , Yang Qi , Ye Yuyang , Gu Weichen , Wu Jiali , Zhang Zhe , Yu Yue , Ye Zeyi , Sheng Pengfeng , Wang Yifan , Li Wenbin , Huang Qiushi , Zhang Zhong
Published: April 2023

The Solar Upper Transition Region Imager (SUTRI) onboard the Space Advanced Technology demonstration satellite (SATech-01), which was launched to a Sun-synchronous orbit at a height of ∼500 km in 2022 July, aims to test the on-orbit performance of our newly developed Sc/Si multi-layer reflecting mirror and the 2k×2k EUV CMOS imaging camera and to take full-disk solar images at the Ne vii 46.5 nm spectral line with a filter width of ∼3 nm. SUTRI employs a Ritchey–Chrétien optical system with an aperture of 18 cm. The on-orbit observations show that SUTRI images have a field of view of ∼ 41.′6 × 41.′6 and a moderate spatial resolution of ∼8″ without an image stabilization system. The normal cadence of SUTRI images is 30 s and the solar observation time is about 16 hr each day because the earth eclipse time accounts for about 1/3 of SATech-01's orbit period. Approximately 15 GB data is acquired each day and made available online after processing. SUTRI images are valuable as the Ne vii 46.5 nm line is formed at a temperature regime of ∼0.5 MK in the solar atmosphere, which has rarely been sampled by existing solar imagers. SUTRI observations will establish connections between structures in the lower solar atmosphere and corona, and advance our understanding of various types of solar activity such as flares, filament eruptions, coronal jets and coronal mass ejections.
Lyα Emission Enhancement Associated with Soft X-Ray Microflares
Authors: Tian Zheng-Yuan , Feng Li , Lu Lei , Xia Fan-Xiaoyu , Su Yang , Gan Wei-Qun , Li Hui , Zhou Yue
Published: April 2023

Lyα (Lyα, 1216 Å) is the strongest emission line in the solar ultraviolet spectrum. In the present work, we obtained a Lyα enhancement catalog covering flares larger than B1 class from the GOES/EUVS data during 2010–2016. We focused on the 242 B-class events which are less investigated, however, show non-negligible Lyα emission enhancement. We found that on average the Lyα peak of B-class flares is 0.85% stronger than the background. For the flare energetics, it is found that the weaker the soft X-ray (SXR) flare, the larger the ratio of the radiated energy in Lyα to SXR. Using the RHESSI data and multi-wavelength observations taken by SDO-AIA, we diagnose the thermal and non-thermal properties of several flares. Three case studies show that the coincidence of the Lyα peak with the SXR time-derivative peak is not a sufficient condition of the nonthermal property of a Lyα microflare. The Lyα enhancement in the microflares may be caused by the nonthermal electron beams or/and thermal conduction. However for type III events, we found that the delay of the Lyα peak with respect to the SXR peak can be attributed to either the Lyα emission from a filament erupted or the cooling of the thermal plasma in flare loops. Furthermore, interestingly the Lyα emission from filaments can not only occur in the decay phase of the flare, but also in the pre-flare phase. In this case, the Lyα emission was originated from an erupted filament which probably initiated the flare.
Trap analysis on Pt-AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode through deep level transient spectroscopy
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Mukherjee Jayjit , Rawal D. S. , Asokan K. , Kanjilal D.
Published: April 2023

Trap characterization on GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) has been carried out using deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Selective probing by varying the ratio of the rate window values (r) incites different trap signatures at similar temperature regimes. Electron traps are found to be within the values: 0.05–1.2 eV from the conduction band edge whereas the hole traps 1.37–2.66 eV from the valence band edge on the SBDs. In the lower temperature regime, the deeper electron traps contribute to the capacitance transients with increasing r values, whereas at the higher temperatures >300 K, a slow variation of the trap levels (both electrons and holes) is observed when r is varied. These traps are found to be mainly contributed to dislocations, interfaces, and vacancies within the structure.
Surface form inspection with contact coordinate measurement: a review
Authors: Shen Yijun , Ren Jieji , Huang Nuodi , Zhang Yang , Zhang Xinquan , Zhu Limin
Published: April 2023

Parts with high-quality freeform surfaces have been widely used in industries, which require strict quality control during the manufacturing process. Among all the industrial inspection methods, contact measurement with coordinate measuring machines or computer numerical control machine tool is a fundamental technique due to its high accuracy, robustness, and universality. In this paper, the existing research in the contact measurement field is systematically reviewed. First, different configurations of the measuring machines are introduced in detail, which may have influence on the corresponding sampling and inspection path generation criteria. Then, the entire inspection pipeline is divided into two stages, namely the pre-inspection and post-inspection stages. The typical methods of each sub-stage are systematically overviewed and classified, including sampling, accessibility analysis, inspection path generation, probe tip radius compensation, surface reconstruction, and uncertainty analysis. Apart from those classical research, the applications of the emerging deep learning technique in some specific tasks of measurement are introduced. Furthermore, some potential and promising trends are provided for future investigation.
Surface acoustic wave resonators on thin film piezoelectric substrates in the quantum regime
Authors: Luschmann Thomas , Jung Alexander , Geprägs Stephan , Haslbeck Franz X , Marx Achim , Filipp Stefan , Gröblacher Simon , Gross Rudolf , Huebl Hans
Published: April 2023

Lithium niobate (LNO) is a well established material for surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices including resonators, delay lines and filters. Recently, multi-layer substrates based on LNO thin films have become commercially available. Here, we present a systematic low-temperature study of the performance of SAW devices fabricated on LNO-on-insulator and LNO-on-Silicon substrates and compare them to bulk LNO devices. Our study aims at assessing the performance of these substrates for quantum acoustics, i.e. the integration with superconducting circuits operating in the quantum regime. To this end, we design SAW resonators with a target frequency of

5

 

GHz

and perform experiments at millikelvin temperatures and microwave power levels corresponding to single photons or phonons. The devices are investigated regarding their internal quality factors as a function of the excitation power and temperature, which allows us to characterize and quantify losses and identify the dominating loss mechanism. For the measured devices, fitting the experimental data shows that the quality factors are limited by the coupling of the resonator to a bath of two-level-systems. Our results suggest that SAW devices on thin film LNO on silicon have comparable performance to devices on bulk LNO and are viable for use in SAW-based quantum acoustic devices.
Reconstructing a space-dependent source term via the quasi-reversibility method
Authors: Nguyen Loc , Vu Huong
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is to solve an important inverse source problem which arises from the well-known inverse scattering problem. We propose to truncate the Fourier series of the solution to the governing equation with respect to a special basis of

L
2

L^2

. By this, we obtain a system of linear elliptic equations. Solutions to this system are the Fourier coefficients of the solution to the governing equation. After computing these Fourier coefficients, we can directly find the desired source function. Numerical examples are presented.
Immunogenicity of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in Glabellar Lines
Authors: Humphrey Shannon , Dover Jeffrey S , Bowsher Ronald R , Clancy Amanda , Liu Yan , Prawdzik Gregg , Gallagher Conor J
Published: April 2023

DaxibotulinumtoxinA-lanm for injection (DAXI), a novel botulinum toxin type A formulation, contains a purified 150-kD core neurotoxin (daxibotulinumtoxinA) and proprietary stabilizing peptide (RTP004), and is approved for glabellar line treatment. As with any biologic product, DAXI may potentially be immunogenic and elicit unwanted antibody formation, possibly resulting in partial or complete treatment failure. The immunogenicity of DAXI was assessed in 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose studies and an open-label safety study of up to 3 repeat treatments. Of the 2737 evaluable patients, none developed neutralizing antibodies to daxibotulinumtoxinA and 0.8% developed treatment-related nonneutralizing anti–daxibotulinumtoxinA-binding antibodies. Of evaluable patients exposed to RTP004 with either DAXI or placebo, 1.3% developed treatment-related anti–RTP004-binding antibodies, which were mostly transient. No patient developed binding antibodies to both daxibotulinumtoxinA and RTP004. All patients with treatment-related binding antibodies to daxibotulinumtoxinA or RTP004 achieved a clinical response (none or mild glabellar line severity) at Week 4 following each DAXI treatment cycle. The duration of clinical response was not different between treatment cycles when antibodies were detected vs when they were absent. Although the analysis population was small compared to the number of patients likely to receive repeated treatment in clinical practice, these results suggest that DAXI administration at the approved glabellar lines dose has low immunogenic potential and that nonneutralizing antibodies to daxibotulinumtoxinA or RTP004 occur infrequently and often transiently, and have no impact on clinical efficacy, safety, or duration of action. Real-world data encompassing larger numbers of patients is needed to substantiate these results.

Level of Evidence: 3
EBD: an eye biomarker database
Authors: Zhang Xueli , Kong Lingcong , Liu Shunming , Zhang Xiayin , Shang Xianwen , Zhu Zhuoting , Huang Yu , Ma Shuo , Jason Ha , Kiburg Katerina V , Zheng Chunwen , Hu Yunyan , Li Cong , Wu Guanrong , Liang Yingying , He Mengxia , Wang Yan , Bai Xiaohe , Shi Danli , Wang Wei , Zhang Chi , Zhao Ke , Yuan Haining , Hu Guang , Hu Yijun , Liang Huiying , Yu Honghua , Zhang Lei , He Mingguang
Published: April 2023

Motivation

Many ophthalmic disease biomarkers have been identified through comprehensive multiomics profiling, and hold significant potential in advancing the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of diseases. Meanwhile, the eye itself serves as a natural biomarker for several systemic diseases including neurological, renal, and cardiovascular systems. We aimed to collect and standardize this eye biomarkers information and construct the eye biomarker database (EBD) to provide ophthalmologists with a platform to search, analyze, and download these eye biomarker data.

Results

In this study, we present the EBD , a world-first online compilation comprising 889 biomarkers for 26 ocular diseases and 939 eye biomarkers for 181 systemic diseases. The EBD also includes the information of 78 “nonbiomarkers”—the objects that have been proven cannot be biomarkers. Biological function and network analysis were conducted for these ocular disease biomarkers, and several hub pathways and common network topology characteristics were newly identified, which may promote future ocular disease biomarker discovery and characterizes the landscape of biomarkers for eye diseases at the pathway and network level. The EBD is expected to yield broader utility among developmental biologists and clinical scientists in and outside of the eye field by assisting in the identification of biomarkers linked to eye disorders and related systemic diseases.

Availability and implementation

EBD is available at http://www.eyeseeworld.com/ebd/index.html.
Circulating biomarkers are associated with disease severity of chronic hand eczema and atopic dermatitis
Authors: Quaade Anna S , Wang Xing , Sølberg Julie B K , Ulrich Nina H , McCauley Benjamin D , Thyssen Jacob P , Becker Christine , Johansen Jeanne D
Published: April 2023

Background

Although chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a highly prevalent and disabling skin disease, it is currently unknown if CHE is associated with systemic inflammation.

Objectives

To characterize the plasma inflammatory signature of CHE.

Methods

Using Proximity Extension Assay technology, we assessed 266 inflammatory and cardiovascular disease risk proteins in the plasma of 40 healthy controls, 57 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) with active lesions, 11 with CHE and a history of AD (CHEPREVIOUS_AD), and 40 with CHE and no history of AD (CHENO_AD). Filaggrin gene mutation status was also assessed. Protein expression was compared between groups and according to disease severity. Correlation analyses for biomarkers, and clinical- and self-reported variables, were performed.

Results

Very severe CHENO_AD was associated with systemic inflammation when compared with controls. Levels of T helper (Th)2- and Th1-, general inflammation and eosinophil activation markers increased with severity of CHENO_AD, primarily being significantly increased in very severe disease. Significant, positive correlations were found between markers from these pathways and severity of CHENO_AD. Moderate-to-severe but not mild AD displayed systemic inflammation. The Th2 markers C-C motif chemokine (CCL)17 and CCL13 (also known as monocyte chemotactic protein 4) were the top differentially expressed proteins in both very severe CHENO_AD and moderate-to-severe AD, showing a higher fold change and significance in AD. CCL17 and CCL13 levels further correlated positively with disease severity in both CHENO_AD and AD.

Conclusions

Systemic Th2-driven inflammation is shared between very severe CHE with no history of AD, and moderate-to-severe AD, suggesting that Th2 cell targeting could be effective in several CHE subtypes.
Widespread livedo racemosa
Authors: Zhao Patricia , Luu Lydia A , Gish Tappy J , Raghavan Shyam S , Gru Alejandro A , Zlotoff Barrett J
Published: April 2023

A 41-year-old woman with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance presented with a 1-year history of livedo racemosa that started on one arm after receiving the Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Her primary care physician initially thought it was a benign reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine as her symptoms were on the same arm as the site of injection. However, the livedo racemosa subsequently became more widespread after COVID-19 infection.
Decolonizing ELT materials: a sociomaterial orientation
Authors: Kim Miso
Published: April 2023

This article adopts a sociomaterial perspective on ELT materials and illustrates how a mandatory textbook is used as a springboard to create decolonizing relations in the classroom ecology. Sociomaterial perspectives view learning as not the transmission but the emergence of knowledge from embodied relations, which shifts the focus from the textbook itself to the relations surrounding it. Based on this shift, this article first provides exploratory questions for teachers to understand the classroom ecology. A set of example activities in a beginner-level Japanese EFL class follows, which showcase how a textbook published by a global publisher could be turned into a springboard to attract translingual and multimodal materials and meaning-making resources. Learning emerges through the entangled relationships of the prescribed textbook, materials, resources, students, and teachers. The article concludes with practical implications to enrich the ELT classroom ecology.