bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing organisational climate change risk
Authors: Naviza April , Sehgal Tavish , Cherrington Marianne , Mehdipour Farhad
Published: April 2022

Strategy and risk are two sides of the same coin. Hindsight has proven that risk from a global pandemic was underestimated; Coronavirus forced organisations to re-evaluate their strategy. Furthermore, sophisticated assessments of risk are not only the trend, but they are also prudent and opportune. For organisations, the growing move to assess climate change risk is important from a mitigation perspective, but vitally, as an opportunity gauge as well. This paper will be a summary review of risk from an organisational climate change assessment perspective using traditional risk matrix traffic lights and risk dashboards, to more finetuned technologies. This paper will also examine changing, nascent trends in climate change risk assessment as well as opportunities that can be manifested by adapting now and responding with a longerterm view of strategy within a global economy. Currently many organisations are sentient to the rewards afforded to practitioners of sustainability. They are investigating and revising their risk management processes and risk appetite to form a culture more aligned to the imperatives that climate change action will require, given diverse stakeholder demands and expectations. This paper looks at leading organisations that are becoming more receptive and agile in a future that adapts alongside climate change. The conclusion recommends a strategy for climate change risk assessment and anticipates the world-leading disclosure requirements under The Financial Sector (Climate-related Disclosure and Other Matters) Amendment Bill.
All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Middle-Aged Individuals with Positive HBsAg: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Motamed-Gorji Nazgol , Eghtesad Sareh , Sharafkhah Maryam , Masoudi Sahar , Darvishian Maryam , Eslami Layli , Gharavi Abdolsamad , Khoshnia Masoud , Roshandel Gholamreza , Shayanrad Amaneh , Hariri Sanam , Merat Shahin , Poustchi Hossein , Malekzadeh Reza
Published: April 2022

Background: While hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most prevalent cause of adult liver transplants in Iran, the mortality rates and leading causes of death in HBV patients are not well-understood. This study aimed to investigate all-cause and cause-specific mortality among HBsAg positive individuals in a large Iranian cohort. Methods: The Golestan Cohort Study includes 50045 individuals aged 40–75 residing in Iran’s Golestan province, enrolled during 2004–2008. HBsAg test was performed at baseline. For the present study, individuals with hepatitis C coinfection were excluded. All-cause mortality was considered as the primary outcome. The association between HBsAg and different mortality causes was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models. P value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The current study included 49667 participants. After 11.33 (median) follow-up years, there were 7,686 total deaths, with 635 deaths in the HBsAg positive group. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, HBsAg positive individuals had higher all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.24) and liver-related mortality risk (aHR=7.13; 5.19–9.79). Mortality from colorectal and pancreatic cancers was higher among male HBsAg positive participants (aHRs=2.41 and 2.22, respectively). Nevertheless, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and extrahepatic malignancies were the leading causes of death among both HBsAg positive and negative individuals, and liver-related deaths contributed to an overall 10% of deaths in HBsAg positive patients. Conclusion: HBV is associated with significant mortality risk from different causes in Iranian adults. However, solely focusing on liver outcomes in Iranian HBV patients might result in overlooking non-liver events, especially CVD and extrahepatic cancers.
Effects of Renal Cysts on Renal Function
Authors: Zhu Miaomiao , Chu Xu , Liu Chen
Published: April 2022

Background: People with simple renal cysts (SRCs) are more likely to develop renal injury and dysfunction, but the mechanisms remain controversial, as the process of SRC formation and its characteristics are not yet well-known. This research focuses on the characteristics of SRCs and discusses how SRCs cause renal injury. Methods: In 2014, a total of 401 participants without any prior kidney disease were selected for the research. Their average age was 49.7 years. SRC morphology and changes were monitored over a 5-year follow-up period. Renal volume and blood perfusion were measured by ultrasound imaging. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between renal cyst and renal function. Results: During the 5-year follow-up, elderly participants with multiple cysts (odds ratio [OR] 1.89; 95% CI 1.67 to 5.99) and a maximum cyst diameter of 1.5 cm or greater (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.15 to 5.34) were found to be positively correlated with renal injury. A decrease in intrarenal perfusion was observed at the early stages of follow-up, but the reduction in renal volume was a slow and gradual process. Conclusion: Elderly people with multiple cysts, a maximum cyst diameter of the cysts≥1.5 cm, and multiple cysts are more likely to suffer renal injury. Ultrasound examination has an important status in monitoring the changes in renal volume and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the renal interlobar artery.
A Report on Drug Resistance Patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Northern Iran
Authors: Mansoori Noormohamad , Pahlavanzadeh Bagher , Atarjalali Masoumeh
Published: April 2022

Background: There are limited data on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug resistance in regions located at the proximity of the Caspian Sea. We aimed to assess the drug resistance patterns of the MTB isolates to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients from four northern provinces of Iran between April 2013 and March 2019. Methods: Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed by culturing MTB isolates on the Lowenstein-Jensen medium using the proportion method. Results: Out of 963 MTB isolates, 927 (96.3%) were recovered from Iranian cases and 36 (3.7%) were from Afghan immigrants. Based on DST, 59 (6.1%) showed any drug resistance pattern, while 18 patients (1.9%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR). Resistance to streptomycin (STR), isoniazid (INZ), rifampicin (RIN), and ethambutol (ETL) was reported in 33 (3.4%), 28 (2.9%), 18 (1.9%), and 12 isolates (1.2%), respectively. Conclusion: The rate of MDR/RR in four northern provinces of Iran was in line with previous reports from the World Health Organization. Due to proximity to the former Soviet Union, which had a high rate of MDR/RR isolates, the establishment of cross-border tuberculosis (TB) control strategies is recommended to reduce the possibility of MDR-TB transmission. Moreover, DST for all TB cases is recommended as an effective diagnostic tool for optimal monitoring and control of drug resistance in these areas. Future studies with a molecular epidemiology approach will be needed to evaluate the transmission dynamics of MTB in these regions.
Rates and Reasons of Laboratory Sample Rejection due to Pre-analytical Errors in Clinical Settings
Authors: Jafari Elham , Malekpour Afshar Reza , Aminzade Razieh
Published: April 2022

Background: Laboratory analysis errors in procedure or interpretation may be seen during the process of completing physician test orders. They may also result in rejection of the requests due to some applicability reasons. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the rate and reasons for such rejections in clinical settings. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was performed on 104008 laboratory tests in a one-year period in terms of the percentage and type of errors that occurred in Shahid Bahonar Hospital in Kerman, Iran, in 2018. The types of studied errors included hemolysis, sample clotting, insufficient sample size, and mistakes in labels or absence of labels on the sample. Results: In this study, 104008 laboratory tests were performed, with 2299 (2.21%) sample rejections, 456 (32.31%) complete blood count (CBC) sample clotting; 417 (29.38 %) hemolysis; and 150 (17.47 %) inadequate sample volume as the majority of errors. There was no statistically significant relationship between pre-analysis errors and clinical aspects (P=0.124). Conclusion: According to the results, it may be concluded that considering the high prevalence of laboratory errors in comparison with the majority of other studies, continuous training courses and determination of the causes of these errors are crucial to attaining better function and basic knowledge.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma with Intracranial Extension
Authors: Asghari Masoud , Rajabi-Moghaddam Mahdieh , Abbaszadeh Hamid
Published: April 2022

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ADCC) is a malignant tumor of salivary gland origin. ADCC of sinonasal tract is rare. We present a rare and unresectable case of sinonasal ADCC with intracranial extension in an 83-year-old man with the chief complaint of nasal congestion. Invasion to the maxillary sinus, nasopharynx, anterior cranial fossa, sella turcica and extension to cavernous sinus, dura mater and infratemporal fossa were evident on MRI and CT scan. The patient was treated only by palliative radiotherapy, but unfortunately, he died 3 months after the initial diagnosis.
Experience of linguistic research of the word правда as a syntactic word in the Russian language
Authors: Galkina Natalia P.
Published: April 2022

The article analyses syntactic constructions in which the word правда functions as a service word. The constructions under consideration include this word either as a word-conjunction, a conjunction combination in a complex sentence, or as an introductory word in a simple or parceled sentence, indicating different shades of the meaning of concession. The structural component, which includes the word правда as part of a complex sentence, in addition to self-concessive relations, can express comparative, concessive-restrictive, adjunctive-restrictive relations, which are the constituents of the semantic field of concession. On various examples it is shown that the syntactic qualification of the word правда is not stable and can vary with a preponderance either towards that of a linking word or an introductory word, however, also indicating the concessive semantics of the construction. The syntactic conditions of the word правда such as the combination with a contrast conjunction or particle, as well as the contact location of this word between the parts of a complex sentence or a separate sentence, when parceling occurs, indicate its syntactic function as a marker of concessive relations. An attempt of transforming the syntactic structure of the sentences under analysis in order to achieve their equivalent machine translation has been made.
Wild plants and crop waste as a basis for nominations of dishes of Kostroma folk cuisine (comments to Section V of the Lexical Atlas of Russian Folkish Patois Programme)
Authors: Gantsovskaiy Nina S.
Published: April 2022

The names of folk cuisine dishes are still a persistent ethnographic feature in both areas of the material and spiritual culture of the people. Those mapping objects of Section V "Meals" of the Programme of Lexical Atlas of the Russian Folkish Patois, which most often have traditional names, all-Russian distribution, but situationally local semantic filling, connected with the use of natural (wild-growing) plant components in the realities denoted by them, are the source of our observation. In the stories of the inhabitants of Kostroma villages about the times of World War II and after it, the traditional dishes of peasant food – bread, pies, flatbread, stew, cabbage soup – appear in their surrogate form as markers of shoddy food and poor state of the family. The conclusion is made that the questions of the Lexical Atlas of Russian Folkish Patois programme contribute to the study of inexhaustible lexical wealth of Russian folkish patois, including "Dishes of folk Kostroma cuisine" in relation to the knowledge of various motivational bases of their nomination, peculiarities of semantic structure and conditions of functioning.
Appointment of a forensic psychiatric examination for crimes related to illegal hospitalisation in a medical organisation providing psychiatric care in in-site settings
Authors: Kalyuzhny Alexander N.
Published: April 2022

A significant role in the disclosure and investigation of crimes related to illegal hospitalisation in a medical organisation providing psychiatric care in an inpatient setting belongs to scientifically based methods of conducting forensic research, among which recommendations on the appointment and production of a forensic psychiatric examination are of key importance. The possibilities of this examination make it possible to determine whether the victim has a psychiatric disorder, to confirm or refute the grounds for hospitalising a person in a psychiatric hospital, to indicate the legality or unreasonableness of the actions of a psychiatrist or a commission of such physicians, being specific to the category of crimes under consideration. From the standpoint of the laws of dialectics, general scientific and other methods, a study of specialised medical legislation and law enforcement practice in the area under consideration was carried out, making it possible to identify and characterise the list of objects required by the investigator and provided for the production of the examination in question. The author argued the grounds for involuntary hospitalisation in a medical organisation providing psychiatric care in an inpatient setting, which led to the proposed recommendations for drawing up a resolution on the appointment of an appropriate examination. The study of empirical data revealed the essence of a forensic psychiatric examination of the crimes in question – establishing the fact of a severe mental disorder in the victim, allowing the author to argue the incompleteness of the "traditional" questions posed to forensic psychiatric experts, to substantiate their (questions) specifics on encroachments related to illegal hospitalisation victim.
The role of the manufacturers in the activity of the accounting and loan committee at Ivanovo-Voznesensk branch of the Russian State Bank
Authors: Kovrov Timur A. , Okolotin Vladimir S.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the participation of the manufacturers in the activities of the accounting and loan committee for commercial and industrial loans at Ivanovo-Voznesensk branch of the State Bank of the Russian Empire. The article was prepared on the basis of archival materials from the State Archives of Ivanovo Region and, first of all, personal data from the personal files of Mefodiy Garelin and Dmitriy Burylin – the committee’s members. Using the prosopographic method, the typical qualities inherent in the business image of the members of the accounting and loan committee at Ivanovo-Voznesensk branch of the State Bank in the pre-revolutionary period were determined. The committee invited manufacturers with an impeccable business reputation, held in the field of public, representative and social activities. The mechanism of their invitation was regulated by circulars of the State Bank, and the candidates nominated were approved by the Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire. The entrepreneurs who were on the committee were characterised by a good state of property and trade affairs. In addition, the manufacturers were competent in those branches of trade and industry that were of financial interest for Ivanovo-Voznesensky branch of the State Bank. The members of the committee from the entrepreneurial circles of Ivanovo-Voznesensk informed the bank's management about the state of various branches of trade and industry, impartially assessed the creditworthiness of individuals, and were guarantors of the return of borrowed funds to the bank. The branch of the bank, guided by the information received from the manufactures, carried out more economically reliable operations for the accounting of bills and the issuance of loans. The authors conclude that the manufacturers as part of the accounting and loan committee at Ivanovo-Voznesensk branch of the State Bank carried out a socially significant and state-important type of activity.
Distortion of reality in news journalism: determinants and socio-cultural implications
Authors: Semilet Tamara A. , Fotieva Irina V. , Lukashevich Elena V. , Vitvinchuk Vladimir V. , Kirilin Kirill A.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of a round table devoted to the analysis of factors that provoke the distortion of reality in the media news, we show the ambivalence of assessments and the difference in defining the essence of news and news journalism. The authors of the discussion identify the role of technological, economic, political and ideological factors that influence the distortion of reality in the news, consider the causes of “fakes” in news reports, their beneficiaries and the bonuses received, and also make an attempt to identify shortcomings in the legal framework in the area of responsibility of communicators for the unreliability of news messages. During the discussion, the news texts of both the opposition press and the media of a loyalist bias were analysed from the standpoint of assessing and interpreting political events, meaningful and axiological priorities; the specifics of the formation and presentation of news from the point of view of reality distortion techniques are considered. As a result, the participants of the discussion came to the following conclusions. Firstly, the distortion of reality in the mass media is of a massive nature, which is due to a number of factors – technological, economic, political and ideological. Secondly, this situation is perceived as a problem only by few journalists and editorial offices, which indicates a decrease in the professional and ethical level of journalism and a radical transformation of ideas about professional responsibility. Thirdly, the identified trends are typical for both regime and opposition media, which is confirmed by the results of empirical studies.
Pengaruh Manajemen Laba, Struktur Modal dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Kebijakan Deviden Sebagai Variabel Moderating
Authors: Putri Elvira Yeni
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis pengaruh manajemen laba, struktur modal dan profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan kebijakan dividen sebagai variabel moderating studi kasus pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2016-2020. Sampel pada penelitian ini diambil dengan metode purposive sampling pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dalam periode 2016-2020. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 33 perusahaan. Metode analisis dari penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode analisis regresi data panel dan MRA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial manajemen laba dan struktur modal berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, profitabilitas berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2016-2020. Manajemen laba berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhdap nilai perusahan dengan kebijakan dividen sebagai variabel moderasi, struktur modal berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan kebijakan dividen sebagai variabel moderasi serta profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhdap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia dalam periode 2016-2020. Secara analisis MRA, kebijakan dividen memperlemah pengaruh manajemen laba dan struktur modal terhadap nilai perusahaan serta kebijakan dividen memprkuat pengaruh profitailitas terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia dalam periode 2016-2020.
PENGARUH APLIKASI PUPUK HAYATI DAN PUPUK PELENGKAP ALKALIS DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI CABAI MERAH KERITING (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Yahya Devi Puspita Amartha -
Published: April 2022

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi pupuk hayati dan pupuk pelengkap terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai merah keriting (Capsicum annuum L.). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), terdiri atas dua faktor dan tiga pengulangan. Faktor pertama adalah aplikasi pupuk hayati yang terdiri atas 3 taraf, yaitu H0 = tanpa aplikasi pupuk hayati; H1 = dosis 4 ml/tanaman; H2 = dosis 8 ml/tanaman. Faktor kedua adalah pupuk pelengkap alkalis yang terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu P0 = tanpa pupuk pelengkap alkalis; P1 = dosis 0,05 gr/tanaman; P2 = dosis 0,1 gr/tanaman.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada variabel pertumbuhan tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara aplikasi pupuk hayati dan pupuk pelengkap alkalis, sementara pada variabel produksi terdapat interaksi antara aplikasi pupuk hayati dan pupuk pelengkap alkalis terhadap variabel jumlah bunga per tanaman, jumlah buah konsumsi, dan bobot buah per tanaman. Perlakuan pupuk hayati 8 ml/tanaman yang disertai pemberian pupuk pelengkap alkalis 0,1 gr/tanaman menghasilkan bobot buah tertinggi, yaitu 436,70 gram/ tanaman. Aplikasi pupuk hayati dengan dosis 8 ml/tanaman mampu menghasilkan produksi cabai 402,12 gram/tanaman, sementara aplikasi pupuk pelengkap alkalis 0,1 gr/tanaman mampu menghasilkan menghasilkan produksi cabai sebesar 400,51 gram/tanaman.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Upaya Pencegahan Penyakit Tuberculosis Paru
Authors: Norma Lalla Nursyamsi , Arda Darmi
Published: April 2022

Tujuan: Mengetahui pengetahuan dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit tuberculosis di masyarakat.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan meliputi tahapan kegiatan ini terdiri dari tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Tahap persiapan meliputi identifikasi masalah yang dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara dan observasi, penyiapan materi oleh fasilitator, dan persiapan media edukasi berupa poster bergambar. Tahapan pelaksanaan meliputi penyampaian materi edukasi tentang upaya pencegahan penyakit tuberculosis.
Hasil: Post test menunjukkan pengetahuan peserta 74,48% sebelum diberikan edukasi, setelah dilakukan edukasi meningkat pengetahuanya menjadi 86,49%.
Kesimpulan: Bahwa ada peningkatan pengetahuan mayarakat terhadap upaya pencegahan penyakit tuberculosis. Edukasi terbukti efektif memberikan dampak kepada masyarakat berupa pengetahuan tentang masalah kesehatan masyarakat.
Effect of curvature on the mono-methylation of carbon belt surfaces using density functional theory
Authors: Kawabata Hiroshi , Tachikawa Hiroto
Published: April 2022

The surface functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by direct radical addition has received considerable attention. The introduction of substituents is useful for tuning the π-character, enhancing the substrate anchoring, and improving the solubility. In this study, we investigated the binding energies of mono-methylated carbon belts (short SWCNTs) using density functional theory to elucidate the effect of curvature. The binding energy decreased as the curvature κ decreased and was approximately 25 kcal mol−1 less for κ = 0.166 Å−1 than for κ = 0.364 Å−1. This is because a change in curvature significantly impacts the interaction energy between the CH3 moiety and the carbon belt portion but not the deformation energy of the system. These results suggest that curvature can control the grafting onto the SWCNT surface.
AC response of spin-pseudospin current in a double quantum well
Authors: Ishikawa Toshiya , Akera Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

The spin Hall effect due to the skew scattering is studied using the Boltzmann equation in a double quantum well when the inplane electric field with angular frequency ω is applied. The two wells have opposite signs of impurity potential so that the skew-scattering spin Hall current is antiparallel and carries a pseudospin, which is formed by ∣L〉 and ∣R〉, the ground states of the two wells. The pseudospin precession is induced by the interwell tunneling in the strength of ℏ
ω
SAS, the energy difference between the symmetric and antisymmetric states. It is found that the dynamics of the spin-pseudospin current, described by the pseudospin analogue of the Bloch equation, is equivalent in form to the classical cyclotron resonance. Consequently, the antiparallel spin Hall current exhibits the resonance peak at ω ∼ ω
SAS. Such spin-pseudospin coupling is expected to be useful in controlling the spin polarization in many electronic systems.
Microscopic electrochemical analysis of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries using conductive atomic force microscopy as a nano current collector probe
Authors: Maeda Yasushi , Kitta Mitsunori , Kuratani Kentaro
Published: April 2022

The high ionic/electronic resistance at the solid/solid interfaces of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is a critical challenge that limits their practical application. High-resolution analytical methods are required to investigate the local electrochemical properties of the interfaces. In this study, we applied conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) to all-solid-state LIBs consisting of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) as the active material and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte (SE). The NCM positive electrode was observed by applying a bias voltage between the c-AFM tip and the negative electrode. In this operation mode, denoted as the “nano current collector” (NCC) mode, the AFM tip functioned as a nanoscale current collector. The oxidation currents at the NCM/SE interface and grain boundaries inside the NCM particles were successfully detected in this mode at a spatial resolution of >100 nm. c-AFM performed in the NCC mode enhanced the spatial resolution for the analysis of electrochemical phenomena in all-solid-state LIBs.
Active magnetic regenerative refrigeration using superconducting solenoid for hydrogen liquefaction
Authors: Kamiya Koji , Matsumoto Koichi , Numazawa Takenori , Masuyama Shinji , Takeya Hiroyuki , Saito Akiko T. , Kumazawa Naoya , Futatsuka Kazumi , Matsunaga Keigo , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Takada Suguru , Iida Teruhito
Published: April 2022

A magnetic refrigerator that makes use of the magneto-caloric effect realizes a highly efficient cooling device. Since the cooling power of magnetic refrigerators depends largely on the strength of the magnetic field, the use of a superconducting magnet is essential. Using magnetic refrigeration, achieving a liquefaction efficiency of larger than 50% is theoretically possible, which is twice that of conventional gas expansion refrigerators. In this study, an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator, one of the magnetic refrigerators using a superconducting solenoid, was built and hydrogen liquefaction was successfully demonstrated.
First principles study of the superconductivity in Os-S system
Authors: Li Yong , Li Hengtao , Wu Yuxian , Kan Xiang , Zhao Yong , Chen Yongliang
Published: April 2022

Due to the spin-orbital coupling effects of the Os-5d electrons, we performed structure searches on the possible superconductivity in the Os-S system. We predict a series of novel structures in the Os-S system, including Pmn21, I-4m2, P63mc, I4mm, R3m, P6/mmm. I-4m2 phase is a potential superconductor of 3.6 K at 0 GPa. The superconductivity is associated with the soft phonon modes of Os. Interestingly, with the increase of pressure, the soft phonon mode near the M/X points will start moving up to a higher position. There is no superconducting transition temperature in the I-4m2 phase when the pressure reaches 50 GPa.
EFEKTIVITAS AIR SEDUHAN TEH HITAM (Camellia sinensis) DALAM MENURUNKAN AKUMULASI PLAK
Authors: Halid Idham , Asio Asio , Fitria Karin Tika
Published: April 2022

Latar Belakang: Teh hitam (Camellia sinensis) dipercaya memiliki manfaat dan khasiat yang cukup besar bagi kehidupan dan kesehatan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas dari berkumur seduhan daun teh hitam dalam menurunkan indeks plak.          

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasy experimental dengan rancangan penelitian pretest and posttest design. Sebanyak 10 orang responden mengikuti penelitian ini. Setiap malam responden diminta menyikat gigi tanpa pasta gigi dan dilanjutkan dengan berkumur dengan Aquadest, seduhan teh hitam dan Chlorhexidine selama masing masing 5 hari, serta diukur indeks plak pada pre dan post perlakuan. Analisa statistik t-test digunakan untuk menguji beda mean antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dan ANOVA untuk membandingkan perbedaan perubahan indeks plak antara ketiga kelompok

Hasil: Perbedaan bermakna nilai indeks plak sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan ditemukan pada kelompok yang berkumur dengan teh (p= 0,019) serta pada kelompok yang berkumur dengan chlorhexidine (p = 0,005). Namun tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada perlakuan berkumur dengan seduhan teh hitam dan yang berkumur dengan Chlorhexidine (p = 0,222). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p=0,010) perubahan indeks plak diantara ketiga kelompok.

Kesimpulan: Berkumur dengan seduhan teh hitam terbukti efektif mengurangi pembentukan plak.
Assessment of local government autonomy and governance: A case study in Nigeria
Authors:   Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA), Abuja, FCT, Nigeria, Anayochukwu Grace Ifunanya , Ani Vincent Anayochukwu ,   University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), Enugu State, Nigeria, Nsah Bernard ,   Kumbo West District Health Service, Ministry of Public Health, Cameroon
Published: April 2022

Abstract Purpose: This paper critically examines opportunities and problems confronting the Nigerian local government system. To assess why the practice of complete local government autonomy and governance is difficult in Nigeria and suggest measures that may help improve the collaboration between the federal, state, and local government authorities in Nigeria. Research methodology: 300 questionnaires were administered to the staff of the Nkanu-West Local Government Area in Enugu State, and 276 were returned giving a response rate of 92 percent. The Marxist theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. Results: Results show that state interference in local affairs contributes to a lack of local government autonomy and governance, and the constitutional provisions portend intractable inter-government problems which make the local government a whipping child and less autonomous. Limitations: Nkanu-West local government is the only local government covered by the study. Contribution: The outcome of the study will be a contribution to the existing literature in the area of local government autonomy and governance.
A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy
Authors: wang yuntao , Su Zhou , Zhang Ning , Liu Dongxiao , xing rui , Luan Tom H. , Shen Xuemin
Published: April 2022

Metaverse, as an evolving paradigm of the next-generation Internet, aims to build a fully immersive, hyper spatiotemporal, and self-sustaining virtual shared space for humans to play, work, and socialize. Driven by recent advances in emerging technologies such as extended reality, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, metaverse is stepping from the science fiction to an upcoming reality. However, severe privacy invasions and security breaches (inherited from underlying technologies or emerged in the new digital ecology) of metaverse can impede its wide deployment. At the same time, a series of fundamental challenges (e.g., scalability and interoperability) can arise in metaverse security provisioning owing to the intrinsic characteristics of metaverse, such as immersive realism, hyper spatiotemporality, sustainability, and heterogeneity.

In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the fundamentals, security, and privacy of metaverse.

Specifically, we first investigate a novel distributed metaverse architecture and its key characteristics with ternary-world interactions. Then, we discuss the security and privacy threats, present the critical challenges of metaverse systems, and review the state-of-the-art countermeasures. Finally, we draw open research directions for building future metaverse systems.
Keystroke Dynamics based Recognition Systems using Deep Learning: A Survey
Authors: Tewari Anurag
Published: April 2022

This
paper starts has information from review or survey papers
related to biometrics, deep learning and keystroke dynamics. Further it
provides an insightful narration of recent state-of-art contributions to
develop a KDBRS (Keystroke Dynamics Based Recognition System) using deep learning methods comprehensively.
An Experimental Study of Byzantine-Robust Aggregation Schemes in Federated Learning
Authors: Li Shenghui , Ngai Cheuk Han Edith , Voigt Thiemo
Published: April 2022

Byzantine-robust federated learning aims at mitigating Byzantine failures during the federated training process, where
malicious participants (known as Byzantine clients) may upload arbitrary local updates to the central server in order to degrade the performance of the global model. In recent years, several robust aggregation schemes have been proposed to defend against malicious
updates from Byzantine clients and improve the robustness of federated learning. These solutions were claimed to be Byzantine-robust,
under certain assumptions. Other than that, new attack strategies are emerging, striving to circumvent the defense schemes. However,
there is a lack of systematical comparison and empirical study thereof. In this paper, we conduct an experimental study of
Byzantine-robust aggregation schemes under different attacks using two popular algorithms in federated learning, FedSGD and FedAvg.
We first survey existing Byzantine attack strategies, as well as Byzantine-robust aggregation schemes that aim to defend against the
Byzantine attacks. We also propose a new scheme, ClippedClustering, to enhance the robustness of a clustering-based scheme by
automatically clipping the updates. Then we provide an experimental evaluation of eight aggregation schemes in the scenario of five
different Byzantine attacks. Our experimental results show that these aggregation schemes sustain relatively high accuracy in some
cases, but they are not effective in all cases. In particular, our proposed ClippedClustering successfully defends against most
attacks under independent and identically distributed (IID) local datasets. However, when the local datasets are Non-IID, the performance
of all the aggregation schemes significantly decreases. With Non-IID data, some of these aggregation schemes fail even in the complete
absence of Byzantine clients. Based on our experimental study, we conclude that the robustness of all the aggregation schemes is limited,
highlighting the need for new defense strategies, in particular for Non-IID datasets.
Palavra do Editor
Authors: De Redação Conselho
Published: April 2022

Palavra do Editor Prof. Dr. Marcos Del Roio
Apresentação - Entrevista inédita de Lukács
Authors: Infranca Antonino
Published: April 2022

O momento histórico em que foi feita esta entrevista (“Ismeretlen interjú Lukács Györggyyel 1968 - ból”, entrevista desconhecida feita com György Lukács) é bastante indicativo: pouco mais de um mês antes da invasão soviética da Tchecoslováquia. Há um ano Lukács havia retornado ao Partido Operário Socialista Húngaro, após dez anos da expulsão, em função de sua participação na Revolução Húngara de 1956. Assim, Gyorgy Aczél, então secretário do Comitê Central do partido, encomendou a Ferenc Fehér, um membro da Escola de Budapeste, uma entrevista com Lukács. A entrevista não deveria ser publicada, mas usada como texto de discussão pelos membros do Comitê Central.
TEORIA E PRÁTICA DO PONTO DE VISTA DO MATERIALISMO DIALÉTICO
Authors: Bukhárin Nicolai I.
Published: April 2022

A crise da economia capitalista contemporânea produziu a mais profunda crise em toda a cultura capitalista: uma crise em ramos científicos específicos, uma crise na epistemologia, uma crise na visão de mundo, uma crise na percepção do mundo. Em tais circunstâncias históricas, a questão das inter-relações entre teoria e prática tornou-se um dos problemas mais agudos e, além disso, uma questão simultaneamente tanto de teoria como de prática. Temos, portanto, que examinar os problemas sob vários prismas: a) como um problema de epistemologia, b) como um problema de sociologia, c) como um problema de história, d) como um problema de cultura moderna. Finalmente, é interessante e) verificar as concepções teóricas correspondentes oriundas da gigantesca experiência da revolução e f) fazer algumas previsões.
Hyponatremia as a Predictor of Adverse Outcome in Children with Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Machhindra , Shrestha Laxman , Bajracharya Luna , Bagale Archana
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the major causes of mortality in children with estimated 1 million deaths every year. Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality seen in LRTI. The objective of study was to find association of hyponatremia (serum sodium<135meq/l) with severe LRTI. Prospective cross sectional study design was used for study. Settings: Pediatric Emergency, Ward and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). Subjects: Children between 2 months to 16 years presenting with cough for less than 3 weeks, fast breathing and chest in drawing. Methods: Children between 2 month to 16 years of age having cough, fast breathing and chest in drawing admitted in emergency, ward or PICU of TUTH were screened and among them, children having pediatric respiratory severity score of 4-5 were enrolled in the study. Serum sodium was sent during admission and collected within 2 hours. Daily follow up was done to find need of respiratory support, duration to resolve hypoxia, total duration in hospital and final outcome of patient. Statistical test applied were Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results: 47.5% of study population had hyponatremia, of whom 65.79% had mild hyponatremia 26.31% had moderate and 7.89% had severe hyponatremia. Association of hyponatremia with need of non rebreathing face mask (p=0.001), ventilatior (p=0.009), duration of hospital stay (p=0.047) were significant. The study also found the association of severity of hyponatremia with need of non rebreathing facemask (p=0.001), ventilator (p=0.01), outcome (p=0.001), duration of stay (0.002). Mean time to resolve hypoxia in children with hyponatremia (4.5 days) was longer compared to normal sodium (2.58 days). Four patients died during the study period and all of them had hyponatremia. Conclusion: Association of hyponaremia and severity of hyponatremia in severe LRTI with need of non-rebreathing face mask, ventilatior, outcome, duration of stay was significant.
Gut Content and Viscerosomatic Index Analysis of Family Clariidae in the Riverine Area of South Western Nigeria
Authors: Igejongbo Igejongbo , Fadekemi Toyosi , Esther Olufade
Published: April 2022

Fish gut content analyses refer to methods of analyzing fish diet through assessment of materials found in dissected fish stomach. This work was conducted to determine the gut content, most frequently consumed prey and viscerosomatic index of the Clariidae species found in riverine area in south western Nigeria. The study spanned for six months (December, 2020 to May, 2021). Fish samples were examined fresh using frequency of occurrence, number and degree of fullness to examine the guts. Out of the 99 specimens collected in total, 45.83% and 54.17% of Clarias gariepinus, had ¼ full stomachs and half full stomachs respectively; 60%, 36.67%, 3.33% of Clarias jaensis had ¼ full, half full and ¾ full stomachs stomachs respectively, 63.33% and 36.67% of Clarias anguillaris had ¼ full and half full stomachs respectively while Clarias agboyiensis and Clarias pachynema species had similar stomach fullness of 33.33% for ¼ fullness and 66.67% for half fullness with none of the species having empty nor 100% full stomachs. Result also showed that the examined species are indiscriminate feeders; feeding on both plants and animals. The viscerosomatic index showed that the species had more flesh than carcass, giving an inference that the species have reasonable nutritional value and FCR. In conclusion, the Clariidae species were found to be omnivores and as such are to be provided with more natural materials in their environment for proper growth.
Acute Appendicitis Concomitant with Ovarian Torsion: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Youssef El Fellah , Bouzroud M , Najih M , Kaoui H EL , Bouchentouf SM , Bounaim A
Published: April 2022

Acute appendicitis associated with acute adnexal pathology is very rare with a few cases reported in the literature. To illustrate this unusual association, we report a case of a 53-year-old female patient admitted to the emergency department with diffuse abdominal pain and hyperleucocytosis. The abdominal CT scan showed appendicular peritonitis and a pelvic mass. The patient underwent surgery, and we kept the diagnosis of appendicular peritonitis associated with torsion of a right ovarian tumor. Appendectomy and right salpingo-oophorectomy were performed with satisfactory postoperative outcomes. Systematic exploration of the genital tract in female patients with appendicitis is indispensable to eliminate an associated ovarian torsion or other adnexal pathologies.
Utilidades de los retractores tubulares en la cirugía del encéfalo. Nota técnica.
Authors: Varela Hernandez Ariel , Herrera Astudillo Patricio , Muñoz Gajardo Rodolfo , Orellana Cortez Felix , Martinez Terreu Claudio , Torres Aravena Reinaldo , Lamus Aponte Luis , Gonzalez Torrealba Gustavo
Published: April 2022

Introducción: A diferencia de las espátulas y otros tipos de separadores cerebrales, los retractores del encéfalo con diseño tubular o cónico mantienen una separación concéntrica uniforme del tejido cerebral, lo que minimiza el trauma quirúrgico. Hemos realizado este trabajo con el objetivo de ejemplificar mediante una pequeña serie de pacientes las ventajas de esta técnica. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de una serie que correspondió al total de pacientes operados en el Hospital Regional de Talca, región del Maule, Chile, en los que se emplearon retractores cerebrales tubulares (sistema neuroendoview plus), durante el periodo comprendido desde el 1 de enero de 2020 al 1 de marzo de 2021. Resultados: Fueron operados ocho enfermos. En seis de ellos se diagnosticaron neoplasias intracraneales malignas y en dos hematomas intracerebrales espontáneos. Conclusiones: Los retractores tubulares cerebrales pueden emplearse de forma segura, efectiva y con menor daño colateral del tejido cerebral durante la resección de lesiones encefálicas profundas que requieren un abordaje transcerebral.
Improvement of devices for feeding and mixing of liquid metal in continuous casting mould
Authors: Odinokov V.I. , Evstigneev A.I. , Dmitriev E.A. , Aleksandrov S.Yu. , Karpenko V.A.
Published: April 2022

The design disadvantages of the known design of device for feeding and mixing of liquid metal in the continuous casting mould are revealed. New design solutions are proposed that allow increasing in the intensity of mixing of liquid metal in the mould to improve the quality of the obtained products.
COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF CASH FLOWS OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Rohanova Hanna
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Cash flow analysis is a necessary prerequisite for their effective management to accelerate the turnover of assets and capital and ensure financial stability and solvency of the enterprise.
Methods. In the process of research general and special methods were used, in particular: dialectical method for determining general approaches to scientific research; analytical and monographic method was used in the review of literature sources; the method of classifications made it possible to differentiate the main indicators of cash flow analysis by analytical groups.
Results. Cash flow analysis is an integral part of the process of managing them because, first of all, it allows you to get a qualitative description of the effectiveness of cash flow management. The article defines the algorithm for calculating the coefficients of estimation of cash flows of enterprises. Various relative indicators of cash flow assessment are grouped into 11 clusters - indicators: cash flow structure, cash flow efficiency, cash flow profitability, cash flow adequacy (deficiency), cash flow generation, cash flow liquidity, solvency, cash flow quality, operating activities, uniformity and interconnection. The given relative indicators of the analysis of cash flows allow estimating comprehensively the ability of the enterprise to generate cash flows of a volume sufficient for calculation on monetary obligations. The analysis of cash flows in dynamics allows establishing positive and negative tendencies based on which optimization adjustments in the management of cash flows of the enterprises are accepted.
Discussion. Prospects for further research are to identify the impact of effective cash flow management on ensuring the financial stability of the enterprise.
Keywords: cash flow, operating activities, financial statements, ratio analysis
Special Mean and Total Curvature of a Dual Surface in Isotropic Spaces
Authors: Artykbaev Abdullaaziz , Ismoilov Sherzodbek
Published: April 2022

The study of the geometry surfaces in spaces with a degenerate metric is one of the urgent problems of modern geometry since its results find numerous applications in problems of mechanics and quantum mechanics.In this paper, we study the properties of the total and mean curvatures of a surface and its dual image in an isotropic space. We prove the equality of the mean curvature and the second quadratic forms. The relation of the mean curvature of a surface to its dual surface is found. The superimposed space method is used to investigate the geometric characteristics of a surface relative to the normal and special normal.
Enhancement of Power Quality in Power Distribution Systems Using FC- TCR Based Compensation Systems
Authors:   Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, 55200, Turkey., Ozgonenel Okan , Genc Secil ,   Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, 55200, Turkey., Gezegin Cenk ,   Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, 55200, Turkey.
Published: April 2022

The development of modern electronic systems and increasing number of application areas (computers, office equipment, rectifiers, converters, speed control devices, uninterruptible power supplies, switched power supplies) has led to harmonic generation and reduced energy efficiency. The majority of loads are inductive in nature and the draw of reactive power has increased in networks and transmission lines resulting in problems with power quality. In addition to efficient power flow in transmission systems, there is also a need to compensate for the reactive power flow in order the meet the requirements of the load and system. As an alternative to traditional solutions, FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems) has been developed in order to operate electrical systems efficiently and improve stability and power quality. Technological applications such as SVC, STATCOM, SSSC and active harmonic filter are becoming widespread in order to improve power quality. In this study, applications within the scope of FACTS systems are explained and analysis of a fixed capacitor-thyristor controlled reactor (FC-TCR) to improve power factor is discussed. A circuit model of the FC-TCR is developed as a simulation and used to investigate how power factor may be kept within desired limits by adjusting the firing angle of the thyristors under different load conditions. A comparative evaluation has been carried out to determine the effect of FC-TCR by presenting results before and after the load compensation process is applied. From the simulation it is observed that reactive power compensation can be achieved even for varying linear loads.