bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing Ideals of Worship with Children
Authors: van Leersum-Bekebrede Lydia , Sonnenberg Ronelle , de Kock Jos , Barnard Marcel
Published: March 2019

In most congregations, children participate in worship in various ways. In this article we pose the question: how can we describe and understand the variety in practices of worship with children? The case we consider is the Protestant context in the Netherlands. Archival research shows that since the introduction of differentiated worship for children, tension has arisen between worship with the entire congregation and worship aimed specifically at children. This tension between intergenerational worship and target-group worship persists; while most liturgists and youth work professionals argue for intergenerational worship, some defend the merits of target-group worship. However, in this ethnographic research we indicate that the portrayal of intergenerational worship as the ideal, and target-group worship as its opposite, or vice versa, leaves much of the normativity in worship with children hidden. We, therefore, deconstruct ideals of worship with children to open up other ways of understanding the variety of worship with children. In doing so, we argue that pedagogical and theological normativity influence worship practices in complex ways. Future research may advance this investigation by focusing on adults’ and children’s roles in shaping worship practices and exploring the theological implications of these practices in more depth and detail.
Metacognition
Authors: Rhodes Matthew G.
Published: March 2019

Metacognition refers to a set of processes an individual uses in monitoring ongoing cognition so as to effectively control his or her own behavior. In this article, I discuss key frameworks for characterizing metacognition and describe approaches to measuring metacognition. Modern research in metacognition assumes that monitoring of cognition plays a causal role in self-regulation of cognitive processes, making it imperative that monitoring of cognition is accurate. Accordingly, I describe research on metacognitive accuracy and several factors that reliably impact metacognitive accuracy. I conclude by discussing emerging issues and approaches to teaching metacognition.
Solar photocatalytic hydrogen energy production using PbS-ZnS heterojunction/electrospun fiber composites
Authors: Chen Haifei , Yang Jie , Chen Haiqun , Lu Lijun
Published: March 2019

The micro-nano-sized electrospun fibers with carboxyl groups were prepared by a high-voltage electrospinning technology. The PbS-ZnS heterojunction/electrospun fiber composites were firstly synthesized by low-temperature hydrothermal method which directly loaded PbS-ZnS heterojunctions on the surface of the electrospun fibers. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, and UV-Vis reflectance spectra. The results showed that PbS-ZnS heterojunctions were evenly distributed on the electrospun fibers. The unique structure afforded PbS-ZnS/electrospun fiber desirable photocatalytic activity and stability for the hydrogen production under solar ultraviolet light irradiation. The average hydrogen production capacity was 10.45 mL every 2 h.
Are Cheaters Sexual Hypocrites? Sexual Hypocrisy, the Self-Serving Bias, and Personality Style
Authors: Warach Benjamin , Josephs Lawrence , Gorman Bernard S.
Published: March 2019

This article examines moral hypocrisy and the self-serving bias (SSB) in the sexual infidelity context. We found evidence of self-serving attributions that occur between primary relationship partners following sexual betrayals. Specifically, we found that sexual infidelity perpetrators (a) blamed their primary dyadic partners (i.e., victims) for infidelities significantly more than those victims blamed themselves for such infidelities, (b) blamed the surrounding circumstances for infidelities significantly more than their victims did, and (c) rated the emotional impact of infidelities on their victims as significantly less than victims’ ratings of such impact. Moreover, we found that participants with prior experience as both sexual infidelity perpetrators and victims displayed “sexual hypocrisy” by judging others more harshly than themselves for sexually unfaithful behavior. Our findings demonstrate that personality variables associated with sexual infidelity (narcissism, sexual narcissism, avoidant attachment, and primary psychopathy) are also relevant to self-serving attributions in the sexual infidelity context.
The Toronto Airport Workers’ Council: Renewing Workplace Organizing and Socialist Labor Education
Authors: House Jordan , Gray Paul Christopher
Published: March 2019

Among the 40,000 workers in Canada’s largest workplace, Lester B. Pearson International Airport in Toronto, a small but significant group of worker-organizers has created the Toronto Airport Workers’ Council (TAWC), a nonunion organization open to all Pearson workers. In this paper, we discuss the capitalist context of Canadian labor relations and the neoliberal restructuring that has attacked working conditions and workers’ solidarity across the airline industry. Then, after examining the insufficient responses by the twelve Pearson unions, we explain how workers formed the TAWC, whose participatory structures, direct action strategy, and broader class focus have achieved considerable successes, despite tensions with union leaders wary of potential “dual unionism.” We also discuss how the TAWC provides a space for socialist-led workplace organizing training and political education by the Toronto Labour Committee. Finally, we explore the possible roles of this council model in labor movement renewal and labor education in socialist movement renewal.
U.S. Union Revitalization and the Missing “Militant Minority”
Authors: Uetricht Micah , Eidlin Barry
Published: March 2019

Debates on U.S. union decline and revival usually focus on policy, technical, or political fixes. Missing are discussions of bringing workers together to act collectively at work. This has historically been the job of a “militant minority,” workplace activists (often leftists) who brought militancy and dynamism to unions, dedication and personal sacrifice in organizing, who linked workplace and community struggles, who were involved in unions’ day-to-day activities, and who connected rank and filers to leadership. This layer is largely missing today, making labor revitalization difficult. In explaining who the “militant minority” was, how it worked, and why it disappeared, we can find clues for rebuilding it.
Online Clinical Teacher Preparation Programs in Special Education: Perspectives and Critical Components
Authors: Ottley Jennifer R. , Coogle Christan Grygas , Pigman Jon Ryan , Sturgeon Doug , Helfrich Sara
Published: March 2019

Online special educator preparation programs are growing in prevalence and popularity. Yet, implementing a clinical model of special educator preparation within online programs can be challenging. In this study, we explored the perspectives of the clinical model from a distance for school-based teacher educators and administrators. We conducted a survey followed by focus group interviews to identify perspectives regarding the clinical model from a distance approach and the components of a distance preparation program perceived to be critical for effective clinical practice. School-based teacher educators and administrators had favorable views of the clinical model (including clinical coaching) from a distance, indicating both feasibility and acceptability. Many perceived technology-related challenges were malleable aspects of online preparation programs that university- and school-based teacher educators can plan for in the implementation of their online program and clinical practice from a distance.
Evaluating the Quality of Health Professions Learning Environments: Development and Validation of the Health Education Learning Environment Survey (HELES)
Authors: Rusticus Shayna A. , Wilson Derek , Casiro Oscar , Lovato Chris
Published: March 2019

The learning environment can be broadly conceptualized as the physical, social, and psychological context in which learning and socialization takes place. While there is now an expectation that health professions education programs should monitor the quality of their learning environment, existing measures have been criticized for lacking a theoretical foundation and sufficient validity evidence. Guided by Moos’s learning environment framework, this study developed and preliminarily validated a global measure of the learning environment. Three pilot tests, conducted on 1,040 undergraduate medical students, refined the measure into the 35-item Health Education Learning Environment Survey (HELES), which consists of six subscales: peer relationships, faculty relationships, work–life balance, clinical skills development, expectations, and educational setting and resources. A final validation study conducted on another sample of 347 medical students confirmed its factor structure and examined its reliability and relation of the HELES to the Medical School Learning Environment Survey (MSLES). Subscale reliabilities ranged from .78 to .89. The HELES correlated with the MSLES at .79. These results indicate that the HELES can provide a valid and reliable assessment of the learning environment of medical students and, as such, can be used to inform accreditation and program planning in health professions programs.
Cuban Public Healthcare: A Model of Success for Developing Nations
Authors: Pineo Ronn
Published: March 2019

This article assesses Cuban healthcare, not just for Cubans but also for those who receive the care of Cuban health professionals working worldwide. The article offers three main points: first, Cuba is an anomaly, a poor nation that has very good public healthcare; second, Cuba’s reported infant mortality rates are probably too good to be true; third, Cuba’s public healthcare system, all in all, provides a strong example of progress, an inspiration for other less developed nations to emulate.
Options and Choices in Relation to Adopting Healthy Lifestyles in the Pacific Islands Region
Authors: Smith Roy
Published: March 2019

The low-lying atoll states of the Pacific region, including Kiribati, Tuvalu, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands, face numerous challenges as a result of climate change and the related rise in sea level. A health transition from communicable to noncommunicable lifestyle-related diseases among these communities is placing a significant burden on medical services and broader welfare provision. This article considers the broad range of both internal and external factors that influence the options available and choices made in relation to being able to maintain a healthy lifestyle in these communities.
Health Systems that Meet the Health Needs of Refugees and Migrants
Authors: Androutsou Lorena , Metaxas Theodoros
Published: March 2019

This article discusses strategies designed to assist European Union (EU) health systems respond to the urgent health needs of refugees and migrants, assessing the situation from both an EU and global perspective. The article provides an overview of the legal framework, political policies, actions taken and the funding issues facing European institutions and international organizations as they seek to strengthen their response to healthcare needs of refugees and migrants. This article argues that EU member states need to be committed to improving the health status of refugees and migrants and reinforce their capabilities to advocate for respect for their basic right to health.
The Impact of Health Expenditures on Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Nketiah-Amponsah Edward
Published: March 2019

This article investigates the core macroeconomic and social determinants of health expenditures as well as the effect of health expenditures on select critical health outcomes (life expectancy, under-five mortality and maternal mortality) in recent years in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study utilizes data on 46 sub-Saharan African countries covering the period 2000–2015. The results indicate that gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, physician per 1,000 population, population aged above 65 years and under-five mortality rate are the most significant determinants of health expenditure in the region. Overall, health expenditure is less income-elastic, not rising as a portion of GDP in wealthier nations. Health expenditure was found to exert a positive and significant impact on all three health outcomes. Specifically, a 1 percent increase in health expenditure per capita resulted in a 0.5 percent reduction in under-five mortality and a 0.35 percent fall in maternal mortality, while improving life expectancy by 0.06 percent. The results suggest that steady increases in health expenditures over time have the tendency to improve health outcomes in SSA.
Socioeconomic Barriers to Universal Health Coverage in Zimbabwe: Present Issues and Pathways Toward Progress
Authors: Nhapi Tatenda Goodman
Published: March 2019

This article assesses Zimbabwean health services, using a social workers’ social development paradigm to analyze the dynamics of Zimbabwe’s Social Security program, focusing on universal health access for older persons, orphans, and vulnerable children. This article identifies the key factors that have done the most to shape health policy administration in the broader context of social policies and social security in Zimbabwe. The discussion is framed around the need for pro-poor social policies, social inclusivity, and the efforts to ensure universal health access. Despite numerous reports, newspaper op-eds and consultancy documents offering opinions on the state of social service delivery in the country, most critics lack empirical data and end up being very anecdotal as they critique the present system. The socioeconomic context of Zimbabwe is therefore analyzed here, with the best available statistical evidence provided, followed by assessment of social policy interventions. Current challenges to access health services are evaluated using a human rights-based social policy approach. The recent Zimbabwe Ministry of Finance-led consultative process crafted a 2016 document, the Poverty Reduction Strategies Papers (PRSPs), as an overall strategy for transforming the Zimbabwean health sector. The article concludes by recommending community-based health insurance approach as most appropriate intervention for ensuring health inclusivity and enhancing health for all in Zimbabwe.
Preface to the 2019 Special Issue on Public Healthcare in the Developing World
Authors: Pineo Ronn
Published: March 2019

This special edition of the Journal of Developing Societies offers a sampling from the best of recent scholarship on public healthcare issues from around the world. While there exist several good studies that access the damage that came to public healthcare in the 1980s and 1990s, the time of the free market or neoliberal policies, it is time now to take a fresh look. This special issue takes up several vital issues in global public health, with essays evaluating the situation on the ground in selected regions in the developing world. This introduction examines some of the common problems in providing heathcare in developing nations: the lack of funding for public healthcare systems, the fragmentation of service, rising out-of-pocket expenditures, the limited coverage of health insurance plans, and the links between poverty and poor health. Pathways to achieving universal access to good healthcare are evaluated, noting the success of systems that emphasize disease prevention; the provisioning of potable water and sanitation; and active community involvement. The political-economy of addressing these policy challenges is emphasized.
Religious tolerance: A view from China
Authors: Tarocco Francesca
Published: March 2019

European and North American cultures are awash in stereotypes about religion. The recently published volume Stereotyping Religion: Critiquing Clichés (2017) tackles several of these and shows why scholars find them to be clichéd. By describing their origins and elucidating the social or political work they rhetorically accomplish in the present, the authors of the volume address some important clichés, namely, that religions are belief systems, that religion is a private matter or that it exclusively concerns the transcendent. In the same way, scholars of religion in the Chinese speaking world find themselves often having to dispel the many myths that surround it. Does China have religion? What does it look like? And where does it stand vis-à-vis religious tolerance? In this short article, I take a comparative look at the late imperial period in China and the substantive changes that took place at the end of it. What does religious tolerance – and its opposite – mean in the context of China’s modern epistemic order?
“Parents, Me & X-Sports”: Mapping the BMX Culture in Contemporary China
Authors: Ding Yiyin
Published: March 2019

Since the debut of BMX (bike motocross) cycling in the Beijing Olympics, lifestyle sports have gradually entered the public limelight and gained popularity in China. Lifestyle sports that celebrate leisure, excitement, and individuality have steadily grown a crowd of youth followers in major Chinese cities. This article contextualizes the BMX culture in contemporary China, particularly the local cultural dynamics of the subculture. Using evidence gleaned from interviews and media representations, I argue that while many of the features of development of BMX culture in China mirror that in the West acceptance by the family has become a central theme when it comes to BMX riders’ career choice in China—a “Parents, Me & X-sports” relationship.
Cost‐effectiveness of Screening for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma among Asian American Men in the United States
Authors: Harris Jeremy P. , Saraswathula Anirudh , Kaplun Brian , Qian Yushen , Chan K. C. Allen , Chan Anthony T. C. , Le Quynh‐Thu , Owens Douglas K. , Goldhaber‐Fiebert Jeremy D. , Pollom Erqi
Published: March 2019

Objective

Most patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the United States are diagnosed with stage III‐IV disease. Screening for NPC in endemic areas results in earlier detection and improved outcomes. We examined the cost‐effectiveness of screening for NPC with plasma Epstein‐Barr virus DNA among Asian American men in the United States.

Study Design

We used a Markov cohort model to estimate discounted life‐years, quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios for screening as compared with usual care without screening.

Setting

The base case analysis considered onetime screening for 50‐year‐old Asian American men.

Subjects and Methods

Confirmatory testing was magnetic resonance imaging and nasopharyngoscopy. Cancer‐specific outcomes, health utility values, and costs were determined from cancer registries and the published literature.

Results

For Asian American men, usual care without screening resulted in the detection of NPC at stages I, II, III‐IVB, and IVC among 6%, 29%, 54%, and 11% of those with cancer, respectively, whereas screening resulted in earlier detection with a stage distribution of 43%, 24%, 32%, and 1%. This corresponded to an additional 0.00055 QALYs gained at a cost of $63 per person: an incremental cost of $113,341 per QALY gained. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, screening Asian American men was cost‐effective at $100,000 per QALY gained in 35% of samples.

Conclusion

Although screening for NPC with plasma Epstein‐Barr virus DNA for 50‐year‐old Asian American men may result in earlier detection, in this study it was unlikely to be cost‐effective. Screening may be reasonable for certain subpopulations at higher risk for NPC, but clinical studies are necessary before implementation.
Teacher-Delivered Strategies to Increase Students’ Opportunities to Respond: A Systematic Methodological Review
Authors: Common Eric Alan , Lane Kathleen Lynne , Cantwell Emily D. , Brunsting Nelson C. , Oakes Wendy Peia , Germer Kathryn Ann , Bross Leslie Ann
Published: March 2019

We conducted this systematic review to map the literature and classify the evidence-based status of teacher-directed strategies to increase students’ opportunities to respond (OTR) during whole-group instruction across the K-12 continuum. Specifically, we conducted this review to determine whether OTR could be classified as an evidence-based practice according to Council for Exceptional Children’s Standards for Evidence-Based Practices in Special Education. We examined the extent to which 21 included studies addressed quality indicators and evidence-based practice standards using a modified, weighted criterion for methodologically sound studies. Three studies met all eight quality indicators and 11 studies met or exceeded 80% of quality indicators following a weighted criterion to define methodologically sound studies. Results indicated teacher-directed OTR strategy of response cards in K-12 school settings to be a potentially evidence-based practice. Educational implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Lipid metabolism genetic risk score interacts with the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised and its components to influence the odds for dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional population-based survey in Brazil
Authors: Fujii Tatiane Mieko de Meneses , Norde Marina Maintinguer , Fisberg Regina Mara , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo , Rogero Marcelo Macedo
Published: March 2019

Background:

Dyslipidemia can be influenced by genetic and dietary risk factors.

Aim:

This study set out to investigate diet and genetic variations in Brazilian people in a cross-sectional population-based survey and to analyze the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in lipid metabolism and cardiometabolic-related phenotypes using a genetic risk score (GRS).

Methods:

We recruited 228 adults (mean age 36.5 years) who participated in the Health Survey of São Paulo (HS-SP), Brazil. Clinical and anthropometric parameters, as well as the interaction between the GRS and the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) were evaluated. We analyzed the relationship between SNPs in APOA5 (rs662799), APOB (rs693, rs1367117), LDLR (rs688, rs5925) and LIPC (rs2070895, rs1800588) and cardiometabolic-related phenotypes using a GRS.

Results:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels were associated with the BHEI-R ( p=0.026; β= −0.183) and with its SoFAAS component (solid fats, alcoholic beverages and added sugars) ( p=0.007; β=0.279). Non-HDL cholesterol levels were associated with the BHEI-R vegetable component ( p=0.015; β=0.002) and the meat, eggs and beans component ( p=0.003; β=0.007). Triacylglycerol levels were associated with the BHEI-R vegetable component ( p=0.027; β=0.003); the meat, eggs and beans component ( p=0.041; β=0.001); and the total protein component ( p=0.013; β=0.032). Significant effects were observed for the interactions between the GRS and both the BHEI-R oils component ( p=0.019) and the SoFAAS component ( p<0.001) on the dyslipidemia risk.

Conclusions:

The evaluation of dietary quality, especially fat quality, together with the lipid metabolism GRS could be a useful tool to manage cardiometabolic risk.
All on the same boat? Voting for pirate parties in comparative perspective
Authors: Otjes Simon
Published: March 2019

The rise of pirate parties in Europe since 2006 has been tempestuous and uneven. One may question whether the reasons citizens vote for these parties are the same between different countries. This article identifies two reasons citizens may vote for these parties: political distrust and concerns about privacy. This article tests which of these two underlies support for pirate parties. It uses six surveys covering 11 countries with a total 43,786 respondents. These analyses show that political distrust primarily drives support for pirate parties.
Christian Witness in a Multi-Religious World: Brazil and its Pulsating Plurality
Authors: Bencke Romi Márcia
Published: March 2019

This article traces the efforts of the National Council of Churches in Brazil to endorse the document ‘Christian witness in a multi-religious world’ and to implement its recommendations in the practice of churches in Brazil. The reception of the document is placed into the historical development of the ecumenical movement in Brazil since an important conference in 1962 in Recife, Brazil, and the impact the Second Vatican Council had in the Latin American country. The focus is then on how the religious plurality in the country started to be perceived. Three examples follow showing how fundamentalist Christian groups oppose other religious expressions in the country and how the churches united in the council are challenged by the spirit of witnessing in respect to embrace pluralism.
Participant Characteristics in Research on Interventions for Young Children With Challenging Behavior: A Systematic Review
Authors: Steed Elizabeth A. , Kranski Tessa A.
Published: March 2019

Intervention studies to reduce challenging behavior in young children below the age of 6 were reviewed for participant characteristics, including gender, race/ethnicity, disability, socioeconomic status, and language to evaluate the frequency of reporting and diversity of participant characteristics in this area of research. Interventions conducted in school, preschool, and home-based settings were included; 53 articles were reviewed. In these articles utilizing single case research or group designs ( n = 2,262 participants), most articles reported gender and disability. Slightly fewer than half of the studies reported participants’ race/ethnicity. Socioeconomic status and language were infrequently reported. Analyses of participant characteristics in studies that reported children’s gender and race/ethnicity found that boys and Black and Latino children were overrepresented. Implications are discussed, including the field’s use of research standards regarding the reporting of participant characteristics, suggestions for inclusive recruitment and retention strategies, and the importance of identifying culturally responsive interventions for challenging behavior.
Sources and Factors Related to Oral Health-Care Information Among Dental Patients of a Teaching Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Folake B. , Oladayo Abimbola M.
Published: March 2019

Background

The World Health Organization has described oral diseases as a global health problem in developing countries and this is mainly attributed to low level of oral health awareness. It, therefore, becomes imperative to investigate how people are informed about oral health care.

Aim

To determine the sources of oral health-care information and predictors of oral health awareness among individuals seeking dental care at a major tertiary health institution in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients aged 16 years and older attending the dental outpatients of a major teaching hospital using structured questionnaires. Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS version 23.

Results

A total of 292 patients with a mean age of 38.4 ( SD = 16.3) years participated in the study of which 188 (64.4%) had been educated about oral health prior to the dental consultation. The major source of oral health-care information was dental clinics for 174 (92.6%) participants. The educators or resource persons were mainly dentists 105 (55.9%) and nurses or therapists 67 (35.6%). Females were more likely to have received oral health-care information (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.8, CI [1.1, 3.0], p = .021). Those with previous dental visits were also more likely to have received information about oral health care ( OR = 2.6, CI [1.6, 4.2], p < .001).

Conclusion

Dental clinics and dentists were the major sources of oral health-care information; being female and previous dental visits were significant positive predictors of being a recipient of oral health-care information. Dental public health education through mass and social media should be made a priority to improve access to oral health-care information.
Predicting Difference in Mean Survival Time from Reported Hazard Ratios for Cancer Patients
Authors: Røssell Johansen Eeva-Liisa , Lousdal Mette Lise , Vinther Skriver Mette , Væth Michael , Sønbø Kristiansen Ivar , Støvring Henrik
Published: March 2019

Background. Gain in mean survival time from new cancer treatments is a core component of cost-effectiveness analyses frequently used by payers for reimbursement decisions. Due to limited follow-up time, clinical trials rarely report this measure, whereas they often report hazard ratios comparing treatment groups. Aim. We aimed to explore the empirical relationship between gain in mean survival time and the hazard ratio for cancer patients. Methods. We included all patients in Norway diagnosed from 1965 through 2004 with late-stage cancer at the point of diagnosis and with one of the following cancers: stomach, colon, rectal, pancreas, lung and trachea, kidney excluding renal pelvis, and metastasized breast and prostate. Patients were followed until emigration, death, or June 30, 2016, whichever came first. Observed mean survival times and hazard ratios were obtained in subcohorts defined by patients’ sex, age, cancer type, and time period of diagnosis, which had nearly complete follow-up. Based on theoretical considerations, we fitted a linear relationship between observed differences in mean survival and logarithmic hazard ratios. For validation, we estimated differences in mean survival from hazard ratios of bootstrap samples with artificially induced censoring and compared with fitting a Weibull distribution. Results. The relationship between differences in mean survival time and corresponding logarithmic hazard ratios was linear for each of the included cancers. The predicted differences in mean survival of the empirical approach generally had smaller bias than the Weibull approach. Conclusion. For cancer diagnoses with poor prognosis, differences in mean survival times could be predicted from corresponding hazard ratios. This hazard ratio–based approach outperforms or is similar to fitting Weibull models to data with incomplete follow-up, while making fewer assumptions.
Efficacy of a Preference-Based Decision Tool on Treatment Decisions for a First-Time Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: A Randomized Controlled Trial of At-Risk Patients
Authors: Hutyra Carolyn A. , Smiley Stephen , Taylor Dean C. , Orlando Lori A. , Mather Richard C.
Published: March 2019

Background. First-time anterior shoulder dislocations (FTASD) provide an opportunity to examine the value of integrating stated-preference data with decision modeling to differentiate between patients whose preferred management strategy involves operative or nonoperative treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a FTASD decision tool intervention with individual preference measurement compared with a text-based control in a randomized controlled trial. Methods. Two hundred respondents between 18 and 35 years of age at risk for experiencing an FTASD were enrolled from the orthopedic clinics and randomized to receive either an interactive decision tool intervention capable of eliciting patient preferences for treatment of an FTASD or a text-based control on shoulder dislocations and treatments. The primary outcome was preference for operative or nonoperative treatment choice. Secondary outcomes included the decisional conflict scale (DCS), stage of decision making, patient activation and engagement, awareness of preference sensitive decisions, knowledge retention, and instrument acceptability. Results. One hundred respondents were randomized to the intervention and 100 to the control. A total of 154 men and 46 women with an average age of 23.6 years completed the survey. Participants in the intervention group made treatment decisions that aligned more closely with evidence-based recommendations than those in the control group ( P = 0.016). Secondary outcomes showed no difference between intervention and control, excluding several DCS subscales. Discussion. An interactive, preference-based decision tool for treatment of FTASD affects patient decision making by guiding respondents toward treatment decisions that align more closely with evidence-based recommendations in the absence of a consultation with an orthopedic provider compared with a standard-of-care control tool. Additional study is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of this tool on treatment outcomes, patient adherence, and satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2
Signet ring cell carcinoma arising from sacrococcygeal teratoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhou Pengfei , Liu Shiju , Yang Huiju , Jiang Yaxin , Liu Xiang , Liu Dianwen
Published: March 2019

We report here a rare case of adult sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) that was pathologically diagnosed as signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). A 26-year-old man complained of lower abdominal distension and discomfort and difficulty in urinating, and he was admitted to our hospital. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple oval, solid-cystic masses around the anterior sacrococcygeal region that measured approximately 96 × 114 × 89 mm. Magnetic resonance imaging also showed irregular cysts around the posterior sacrococcygeal region that measured approximately 34 × 72 × 60 mm. The preliminary diagnosis was cystic SCT. The patient then underwent surgery, during which we incised the cysts. A large amount of viscous, jelly-like liquid was present in the anterior sacrococcygeal mass. Furthermore, a large amount of light yellow, porridge-like secretion was present in the posterior sacrococcygeal mass. A pathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed teratoma, specifically SRCC.
Thalidomide-induced sinus bradycardia in Crohn’s disease: case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Menghui , Lin Xiaoqing , Wang Lichun , He Yao , Chen Minhu , Mao Ren
Published: March 2019

Thalidomide is effective in inducing and maintaining clinical remission, as well as mucosal healing, in patients with refractory Crohn’s disease (CD). However, long-term use of thalidomide has raised concern because of the high incidence of adverse events. Cardiovascular events induced by thalidomide have been reported in patients with multiple myeloma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and transfusion-dependent refractory anemia. We report here an extremely rare case of sinus bradycardia induced by thalidomide in an adult patient with CD. This patient’s heart rate converted back to a normal sinus rhythm after withdrawal of thalidomide, but recurred after restarting of thalidomide. Cardiac toxicity should be closely monitored when using thalidomide in patients with CD.
Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Right Parietal Cortex Disrupts Perception of Briefly Presented Stimuli
Authors: Howard Christina J. , Boulton Hayley , Bedwell Stacey A. , Boatman Charlotte A. , Roberts Katherine L. , Mitra Suvobrata
Published: March 2019

Right parietal cortex has recently been linked to the temporal resolution of attention. We therefore sought to investigate whether disruption to right parietal cortex would affect attention to visual stimuli presented for brief durations. Participants performed a visual discrimination task before and after 10 minutes repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (1 Hz) to right or central parietal cortex as well as 20 minutes after the second block of trials. Participants reported the spatial frequency of a masked Gabor patch presented for a brief duration of 60, 120, or 240 ms. We calculated error magnitudes by comparing accuracy to a guessing model. We then compared error magnitudes to blocks with no stimulation, producing a measure of baselined performance. Baselined performance was poorer at longer stimulus durations after right parietal than central parietal stimulation, suggesting that right parietal cortex is involved in attention to briefly presented stimuli, particularly in situations where rapid accumulation of visual evidence is needed.
Two decades of digital photogrammetry: Revisiting Chandler’s 1999 paper on “Effective application of automated digital photogrammetry for geomorphological research” – a synthesis
Authors: Fawcett D , Blanco-Sacristán J , Benaud P
Published: March 2019

Digital photogrammetry has experienced rapid development regarding the technology involved and its ease of use over the past two decades. We revisit the work of Jim Chandler who in 1999 published a technical communication seeking to familiarise novice users of photogrammetric methods with important theoretical concepts and practical considerations. In doing so, we assess considerations such as camera calibration and the need for photo-control and check points, as they apply to modern software and workflows, in particular for structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry. We also highlight the implications of lightweight drones being the new platform of choice for many photogrammetry-based studies in the geosciences. Finally, we present three examples based on our own work, showing the opportunities that SfM photogrammetry offers at different scales and systems: at the micro-scale for monitoring geomorphological change, and at the meso-scale for hydrological modelling and the reconstruction of vegetation canopies. Our examples showcase developments and applications of photogrammetry which go beyond what was considered feasible 20 years ago and indicate future directions that applications may take. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that, in-line with Chandler’s recommendations, the pre-calibration of consumer-grade cameras, instead of relying entirely on self-calibration by software, can yield palpable benefits in micro-scale applications and that measurements of sufficient control points are still central to generating reproducible, high-accuracy products. With the unprecedented ease of use and wide areas of application, scientists applying photogrammetric methods would do well to remember basic considerations and seek methods for the validation of generated products.
The Keys to Connectivity: The District of Columbia’s Innovative Approach to Unlocking Low-Stress Bicycle Networks
Authors: Semler Conor , Sanders Meredyth , Buck Darren , Dock Stephanie , Cesme Burak , Wang Shi
Published: March 2019

Washington, D.C. (the District) has led the way in the adoption of state-of-the-art bicycle facilities and the innovative application of bicycle level of traffic stress (LTS) mapping for the District. Although the District’s LTS network map provides insight into bicycle network accessibility at the street level, the District needs a data-driven mechanism for identifying and prioritizing future investments to improve cycling at the system level. As part of its ongoing District Mobility Project, District Department of Transportation (DDOT) applied a geographic information system (GIS)-based network analysis to its bicycle LTS map to quantify network connectivity on low-stress District streets. This analysis was used to develop a bicycle network accessibility rating for District neighborhoods. The results revealed that though DDOT has invested in a range of innovative projects to improve accessibility in the District, only 27% of the overall network has been connected. By taking the analysis a step further and identifying the bottom 10% of accessible census blocks, DDOT both confirmed existing perceptions about the presence of disconnected low-stress “islands” in the District, and identified key gaps in the overall bicycle network. Using this information, DDOT is able to prioritize future bicycle infrastructure investments, while possessing a data-driven mechanism for assessing and communicating the accessibility benefits offered by individual investments. In addition, the methodology for developing the network accessibility rating provides a proof-of-concept for other jurisdictions looking to maximize the utility of their own LTS network maps.
Developing Performance Prediction Models for Pavement Management Systems in Local Governments in Absence of Age Data
Authors: Kargah-Ostadi Nima , Zhou Yuxiao (Mina) , Rahman Tahmidur
Published: March 2019

Pavement Management Systems (PMS) use a strategic and data-driven approach to optimize budget allocation to various maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) projects. Performance prediction models are used in PMS to determine the optimum timing for M&R interventions on every pavement section. Many local roadway agencies use empirical regression models which are based on past condition and age data. Often, these agencies are faced with limited resources for data collection and a high staff turnover rate, which all result in inadequate or unreliable construction history and pavement age data. This paper recommends a simple practical approach for local governments to develop performance prediction models in the absence of reliable pavement age data. Also, best practices for data pre-processing and validation of the model prediction capability are synthesized. Instead of using regression models based on condition and age, the pavement deterioration rate at each condition level is estimated. Similar to the Markovian transition probability concept, it is assumed that deterioration rates for every family of pavements are independent of time and only dependent on the current condition level. For every pair of subsequent condition measurements on a section, the difference in condition score is normalized by the difference in measurement time. These deterioration rates are then classified into bins based on the initial condition level for every pair of measurements. The average deterioration rate for all data records in each bin is then used to build a deterioration curve. This approach is demonstrated in this paper using real but anonymous agency data.
Modélisation d’un processus de co-créativité : les apports du design et du management
Authors: Dampérat Maud , Jeannot Florence , Jongmans Eline , Jolibert Alain
Published: March 2019

Résumé

Cette étude a pour but d’améliorer le développement de nouveaux produits en fournissant aux praticiens et aux chercheurs une meilleure compréhension du processus de co-créativité via l’intégration des apports du design et du management à la démarche marketing. Elle propose et teste empiriquement un modèle de co-créativité basé sur les trois étapes du design thinking : (1) la définition des besoins, (2) la production des idées, et (3) le prototypage de la solution. Ce modèle étudie également l’influence de variables individuelles – empathie, familiarité avec le domaine, implication dans la tâche – sur le processus créatif. Les résultats valident le rôle médiateur des variables associées à la production d’idées entre la définition des besoins et le prototypage, ainsi que l’intérêt des variables individuelles sélectionnées. La validité prédictive du processus de co-créativité est testée via l’évaluation de la performance créative. Plusieurs domaines d’action sont proposés à chaque étape du processus de co-créativité, permettant aux organisations de stimuler la créativité de leurs équipes.
The Social Security Program and Its Funding Problems
Authors: Kilgour John G.
Published: March 2019

2018 was a pivotal year for the Social Security program. It was the first year since the 1983 amendments that the Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI) trust funds spent more than they took in. This will continue until they are depleted in 2034. This article examines the operation of the OASDI program with particular attention to its funding. It concludes by questioning the myth that, until 2018, the OASDI trust funds held large amounts of surpluses. There has never been any real money there. It was spent by the Treasury Department as fast as it came in. The OASDI program has always been a pay-as-you-go system. That should be recognized by anyone involved in crafting a solution to the problem.
Palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental implications of late-Pleistocene aeolian sand in the Jin-Shaan Gorges of the Yellow River valley revealed by luminescence chronology
Authors: Zhang Yuzhu , Huang Chun Chang , Tan Zhihai , Qiu Haijun , Chen Yinglu , Cuan Yuda , Zhao Hui , Tan Zihui , Zou Mingbo , Wang Jiahui , Zhang Yuxiang
Published: March 2019

River valleys are critical water-gas-rock interactions zone, where close interaction between fluvial and aeolian deposition are a pronounced feature in arid, semi-arid, and semi-humid environments. Pedo-sedimentological investigations were carried out in the Jin-Shaan Gorges of the Yellow River valley. Two late-Pleistocene and Holocene aeolian sand-loess profiles were identified within the cliff riverbank. The aim of this study is to reveal the palaeoclimatic conditions and driving factors for the formation of palaeo-aeolian sand in the Jin-Shaan Gorges of the Yellow River valley. Five samples were taken from the aeolian sand-loess profiles for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The OSL ages are in stratigraphic order and range from 12.8 ± 0.7 ka to 11.8 ± 1.0 ka. By combining OSL ages with additional stratigraphic correlations, the deposition period of the palaeo-aeolian sand is dated to 12.5–11.8 ka, which would place it at the Younger Dryas (YD) time interval that punctuated the last glacial-Holocene transition period. The formation of palaeo-aeolian sand in the region was due to sufficient sediment supply from the riverbed sand of the Yellow River, strong East Asian winter monsoon, and strong wind erosion. These results give insights into the palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental conditions for the formation of aeolian sand associated with the river valleys in semi-arid and sub-humid regions.
Luminescence chronology of late-Holocene palaeofloods in the upper Kaveri basin, India: An insight into the climate–flood relationship
Authors: Goswami Kartika , Rawat Mahadev , Jaiswal Manoj K , Kale Vishwas S
Published: March 2019

Instrumental/historic records have helped to understand the extreme flood–climate relationship in the modern environment; however, few studies are available to understand their long-term relation (102–103 years) due to the poor preservation and lack of dating techniques. It remains uncertain whether extreme flooding is linked with long-term wet phases of climate or a random event caused by an unusual downpour irrespective of climate. Luminescence analysis of quartz grains from river/floodplain sediments in the Kaveri basin, southern India, showed heterogeneous bleaching. We demonstrated the successful application of various statistical age models in estimating ages of heterogeneously bleached young sediments. This study shows distinct flood clusters occurred during the times of major shifts in the monsoon climate, from fluvial dormancy to sudden outburst of monsoons (~2 ka), from warmer to colder (onset of ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) ~ 14th century), from colder to warmer (end of LIA ~ 19th century) and ~20th century, indicating that climatic pattern can be associated with more frequent occurrences of extreme flood events. The study also shows that the two major flood events of the 20th century reported from the upper Kaveri were produced by high intensity short duration storms, suggesting that not all wet phases are associated with major floods and all dry phases with low floods/droughts. The excellent match of the chronology with the historical data, instrumental data and published literature based on proxy data on the Indian summer monsoon validates the chronology and the potential of sedimentary archives for future palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the study area.