bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The follicle-stimulating hormone triggers rapid changes in mitochondrial structure and function in porcine cumulus cells
Authors: Lounas Amel , Breton Yann , Lebrun Ariane , Laflamme Isabelle , Vernoux Nathalie , Savage Julie , Tremblay Marie-Ève , Pelletier Martin , Germain Marc , Richard François J.
Published: January 2024

Oocyte maturation is a key process during which the female germ cell undergoes resumption of meiosis and completes its preparation for embryonic development including cytoplasmic and epigenetic maturation. The cumulus cells directly surrounding the oocyte are involved in this process by transferring essential metabolites, such as pyruvate, to the oocyte. This process is controlled by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent mechanisms recruited downstream of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signaling in cumulus cells. As mitochondria have a critical but poorly understood contribution to this process, we defined the effects of FSH and high cAMP concentrations on mitochondrial dynamics and function in porcine cumulus cells. During in vitro maturation (IVM) of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), we observed an FSH-dependent mitochondrial elongation shortly after stimulation that led to mitochondrial fragmentation 24 h later. Importantly, mitochondrial elongation was accompanied by decreased mitochondrial activity and a switch to glycolysis. During a pre-IVM culture step increasing intracellular cAMP, mitochondrial fragmentation was prevented. Altogether, the results demonstrate that FSH triggers rapid changes in mitochondrial structure and function in COCs involving cAMP.
Significant reduction of blackfly densities in persistent onchocerciasis area following pilot implementation of an environment friendly approach (Slash and Clear)
Authors: Domche André , Nana Djeunga Hugues C. , Nwane Philippe B. , Njitchouang Guy R. , Nono Fesuh Betrand , Njiokou Flobert , Jacob Benjamin , Pion Sébastien D. , Kamgno Joseph
Published: January 2024

The effectiveness of the “Slash and Clear” method in reducing blackfly populations in low transmission areas is established, but its impact in high transmission settings with large rivers and dense vectors is yet to be proven. A community-based intervention study was conducted in the Mbam Valley, Centre Cameroon, involving two sites: Bayomen (control) and Biatsota (intervention). In each arm, baseline blackfly densities were collected over one year using the human landing method. The intervention consisted of destroying the trailing vegetation where blackflies breed. Blackfly densities were collected post-intervention to assess the impact of the intervention. Post-intervention data showed a 50.8% reduction in blackfly density in Biatsota (mean number of collected blackflies from 1936 to 953), while a reduction of 26.7% was observed in Bayomen (mean number of collected blackflies from 2418 to 1774). The reduction rate attributable to the intervention was 32.9%. Statistical analysis confirmed that the reduction in blackfly density was significantly greater in the intervention site. This study demonstrates the feasibility and significant impact of the “Slash and Clear” method in high transmission areas. However, further research is required to assess its long-term effects and determine how this strategy can be scaled up and sustained until onchocerciasis elimination is achieved.
Forecasting stock prices changes using long-short term memory neural network with symbolic genetic programming
Authors: Li Qi , Kamaruddin Norshaliza , Yuhaniz Siti Sophiayati , Al-Jaifi Hamdan Amer Ali
Published: January 2024

This study introduces an augmented Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network architecture, integrating Symbolic Genetic Programming (SGP), with the objective of forecasting cross-sectional price returns across a comprehensive dataset comprising 4500 listed stocks in the Chinese market over the period from 2014 to 2022. Using the S&P Alpha Pool Dataset for China as basic input, this architecture incorporates data augmentation and feature extraction techniques. The result of this study demonstrates significant improvements in Rank Information coefficient (Rank IC) and IC information ratio (ICIR) by 1128% and 5360% respectively when it is applied to fundamental indicators. For technical indicators, the hybrid model achieves a 206% increase in Rank IC and an impressive surge of 2752% in ICIR. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid SGP-LSTM model outperforms major Chinese stock indexes, generating average annualized excess returns of 31.00%, 24.48%, and 16.38% compared to the CSI 300 index, CSI 500 index, and the average portfolio, respectively. These findings highlight the effectiveness of SGP-LSTM model in improving the accuracy of cross-sectional stock return predictions and provide valuable insights for fund managers, traders, and financial analysts.
Tailored radiation dose according to margin width for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ after breast-conserving surgery
Authors: Kim Hyunjung , Kim Tae Gyu , Park Byungdo , Kim Jeongho , Jun Si-Youl , Lee Jun Ho , Choi Hee Jun , Jung Chang Shin , Lee Hyoun Wook , Lee Jae Seok , Nam Hyun Yeol , Shin Seunghyen , Kim Sung Min , Kim Haeyoung
Published: January 2024

A 2 mm resection margin is considered adequate for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We assessed the effectiveness of a tailored radiation dose for margins < 2 mm and the appropriate margin width for high-risk DCIS. We retrospectively evaluated 137 patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for DCIS between 2013 and 2019. The patients were divided into three– positive, close (< 2 mm), and negative (≥ 2 mm) margin groups. Radiation dose to the tumor bed in equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions were a median of 66.25 Gy, 61.81 Gy, and 59.75 Gy for positive, close, and negative margin groups, respectively. During a median follow-up of 58 months, the crude rates of local recurrence were 15.0%, 6.7%, and 4.6% in the positive, close, and negative margin groups, respectively. The positive margin group had a significantly lower 5-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rate compared to the close and negative margin groups in propensity-weighted log-rank analysis (84.82%, 93.27%, and 93.20%, respectively; p = 0.008). The difference in 5-year LRFS between patients with the high- and non-high-grade tumors decreased as the margin width increased (80.4% vs. 100.0% for margin ≥ 2 mm, p < 0.001; 92.3% vs. 100.0% for margin ≥ 6 mm, p = 0.123). With the radiation dose tailored for margin widths, positive margins were associated with poorer local control than negative margins, whereas close margins were not. Widely clear margins (≥ 2 mm) were related to favorable local control for high-grade DCIS.
Feeding kinematics of a surgeonfish reveal novel functions and relationships to reef substrata
Authors: Mihalitsis Michalis , Wainwright Peter C.
Published: January 2024

Biting to obtain attached benthic prey characterizes a large number of fish species on coral reefs, and is a feeding mode that contributes to important ecosystem functions. We use high-speed video to reveal the mechanisms used by a surgeonfish,Acanthurus leucosternon, to detach algae. After gripping algae in its jaws, the species pulls it by ventrally rotating both the head and the closed jaws, in a novel use of the intra-mandibular joint. These motions remain in the plane of the fish, reducing the use of a lateral head flick to detach the algae. The novel ability to bite and pull algae off the substrate without bending the body laterally minimizes exposure to high water flows, and may be an adaptation to feeding in challenging reef habitats such as the crest and flat. Therefore, our results could potentially represent a key milestone in the evolutionary history of coral reef trophodynamics.
Heat shock factor 1 directly regulates transsulfuration pathway to promote prostate cancer proliferation and survival
Authors: Hauck J. Spencer , Moon David , Jiang Xue , Wang Mu-En , Zhao Yue , Xu Lingfan , Quang Holly , Butler William , Chen Ming , Macias Everardo , Gao Xia , He Yiping , Huang Jiaoti
Published: January 2024

There are limited therapeutic options for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). We previously found that heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) expression is increased in PCa and is an actionable target. In this manuscript, we identify that HSF1 regulates the conversion of homocysteine to cystathionine in the transsulfuration pathway by altering levels of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS). We find that HSF1 directly binds the CBS gene and upregulates CBS mRNA levels. Targeting CBS decreases PCa growth and induces tumor cell death while benign prostate cells are largely unaffected. Combined inhibition of HSF1 and CBS results in more pronounced inhibition of PCa cell proliferation and reduction of transsulfuration pathway metabolites. Combination of HSF1 and CBS knockout decreases tumor size for a small cell PCa xenograft mouse model. Our study thus provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of HSF1 function and an effective therapeutic strategy against advanced PCa.
Ultrasensitive amplification-free detection of circulating miRNA via droplet-based processing of SERS tag–miRNA–magnetic nanoparticle sandwich nanocomplexes on a paper-based electrowetting-on-dielectric platform
Authors: Wang Kai-Hao , Chen Yuan-Yu , Wang Chih-Hsien , Hsu Keng-Fu , Chau Lai-Kwan , Wang Shau-Chun , Chen Yuh-Ling
Published: January 2024

Rapid (∼5 min) pretreatment and concentration of the MNP–miRNA–NAEB complex are accomplished using a pEWOD device. This facilitates sub-femtomolar SERS detection for analyzing microRNA in clinical samples of ovarian cancer.
High-abundance peaks and peak clusters associate with pharmaceutical polymers and excipients in urinary untargeted clinical metabolomics data: exploration of their origin and possible impact on label-free quantification
Authors: Klont Frank , Nijdam Fleur B. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Keski-Rahkonen Pekka , Hopfgartner Gérard , Investigators TransplantLines
Published: January 2024

Pharmaceutical polymers and excipients represent interesting but often overlooked chemical classes in clinical exposure and bioanalytical research.
Hydroxyl-functionalized pillar[5]arene with high separation performance for gas chromatography
Authors: Ba Mengyi , Li Wen , Song Yanli , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xu Xiang , Liu Haixin , Cai Zhiqiang , Hu Shaoqiang , Liu Xianming , Sun Tao
Published: January 2024

Hydroxyl functionalized pillar[5]arene (P5A-C10-OH) as GC stationary phase with high separation capability towards the challenging isomers.
An integrated wearable sticker based on extended-gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors for real-time cortisol detection in human sweat
Authors: Xu Boxuan , Chang Hui , Yang Guo , Xu Zhan , Li Jun , Gu Zhiqi , Li Jiadong
Published: January 2024

Cortisol hormone imbalances can be detected through non-invasive sweat monitoring using field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors, which provide rapid and sensitive detection.
Amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles for nitric oxide synergistic photodynamic eradication of MRSA biofilms
Authors: Chen Xiangjun , Fan Qing , Li Keke , Li Weiwei , Wang Longle , Li Wenting , Hong Wei
Published: January 2024

In this study, Janus nanoparticles, Ce6–PDA/CaP–GSNO, were constructed to effectively eradicate biofilms and combat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections through nitric oxide (NO) synergistic photodynamic therapy.
Simple and effective in situ sample illumination for electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Woodward Adam W. , Bramham Jack E. , Brookfield Adam , Golovanov Alexander P. , Bowen Alice M.
Published: January 2024

A novel sample illumination approach for electron paramagnetic resonance, using the walls of the EPR tube as a light guide.
An oxygen vacancy-modulated bifunctional S-NiMoO4 electrocatalyst for efficient alkaline overall water splitting
Authors: Mu Jiarong , Bai Ping , Wang Peng , Xie Zhinan , Zhao Yihua , Jing Jianfang , Su Yiguo
Published: January 2024

Electrocatalytic overall water splitting of S-NiMoO4/NF under alkaline conditions.
CB4Se5: a planar tetracoordinate carbon CB4 core stabilized by peripheral Se/Se2 bridges
Authors: Bai Li-Xia , Sun Rui , Wu Yan-Bo , Guo Jin-Chang
Published: January 2024

Replacing one of the peripheral Se with a Se2 bridge is an effective strategy to flatten the C4v CB4Se4 cluster. CB4Se5 is the first planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) global minimum with a Se–Se bond, possessing double 2π/6σ aromaticity.
Enhancing composite electrode performance: insights into interfacial interactions
Authors: Ren Haoze , Takeuchi Esther S. , Marschilok Amy C. , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Reichmanis Elsa
Published: January 2024

Propelled by the widespread adoption of portable electronic devices, electrochemical energy storage systems, particularly lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), have become ubiquitous in modern society.
Enantioselective synthesis of spiro-N,O-ketals via iridium and Brønsted acid co-catalyzed asymmetric formal [4+2] cycloaddition
Authors: Xie Xiang-Qi , Li Xingguang , Liu Pei-Nian
Published: January 2024

An asymmetric formal [4+2] cycloaddition of cyclic enamides with 2-(1-hydroxyallyl)phenol via iridium and Brønsted acid co-catalysis has been achieved to afford chiral N-unsubstituted spiro-N,O-ketals.
Iodine-dependent oxidative regioselective aminochalcogenation of indolines
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiang , Liu Chenrui , Wei Wanxing , Zhang Zhuan , Liang Taoyuan
Published: January 2024

An efficient approach for the selective construction of C2,3- or C2,5-aminochalcogenated indole derivatives has been developed, which enables oxidative regioselective aminochalcogenation of indolines with amines and dichalconides.
Synthesis of a macrocyclic oligomer of pyridylbenzoxazole utilizing dynamic covalent bonds and its unsymmetric conversion
Authors: Hokimoto Yuya , Nakamura Takashi
Published: January 2024

A high-yield synthesis of an unsymmetric macrocycle by a desymmetrizing approach has been achieved.
Determining and controlling conformational information from orientationally selective light-induced triplet–triplet electron resonance spectroscopy for a set of bis-porphyrin rulers
Authors: Bertran Arnau , De Zotti Marta , Timmel Christiane R. , Di Valentin Marilena , Bowen Alice M.
Published: January 2024

We demonstrate light-induced triplet–triplet electron resonance spectroscopy applied to bis-porphyrin model peptides is a powerful technique to provide information on the relative chromophore positions.
A synergetic promotion of surface stability for high-voltage LiCoO2 by multi-element surface doping: a first-principles study
Authors: Lin Hongbin , Kang Xiumei , Xu Guigui , Chen Yue , Zhong Kehua , Zhang Jian-Min , Huang Zhigao
Published: January 2024

Aggregating Ti–Mg–Al co-dopant distribution in the surface layer can significantly inhibit surface oxygen losses, synergistically promoting the surface stability of LiCoO2 at high voltages.
Cost-effective approach for atmospheric accretion reactions: a case of peroxy radical addition to isoprene
Authors: Pasik Dominika , Iyer Siddharth , Myllys Nanna
Published: January 2024

We present an accurate and cost-effective method for investigating the accretion reactions between unsaturated hydrocarbons and oxidized organic radicals.
Theoretical study of CDW phases for bulk NbX2 (X = S and Se)
Authors: Du Hongwei , Jiang Zhenyi , Zheng Jiming , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Wenxuan , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: January 2024

During the PT of bulk 2H-NbSe2, the Fermi level decreases, leading to the emergence of the M–L segment and an increase of the topological number of the Fermi surface.
Superalkali-alkaline earthide ion pairs of δ+(AM-HMHC)-AM′δ− (AM = Li, Na and K; AM′ = Be, Mg and Ca) possessing large NLO responses and excellent electronic stabilities and alkalide characteristics: a DFT study
Authors: Huang Jiangen , Wang Yin-Feng , Yang Kai , Zhang Wen , Wang Zhi-Jun , Liu Xuexia , Li Zhi-Ru
Published: January 2024

To identify superalkali-alkaline earthide ion pairs, a novel class of excess electron superalkali compounds was theoretically constructed; both chair and boat (AM-HMHC)-AM′ (AM = Li, Na, K; AM′ = Be, Mg, Ca) show large NLO responses and excellent electronic stabilities and alkalide characteristics.
First-principles study of magnetic properties and electronic structure of 3d transition-metal atom–adsorbed SnSSe monolayers
Authors: Xu Bin , Qian Cheng , Wang Zheng , Zhang Jing , Ma Shanshan , Wang Yusheng , Yi Lin
Published: January 2024

First-principles study of the magnetism and magnetic anisotropy of TM-adsorbed monolayer SnSSe.
Liquid reagents are not enough for liquid assisted grinding in the synthesis of [(AgBr)(n-pica)]n
Authors: Zuffa Caterina , Cappuccino Chiara , Casali Lucia , Emmerling Franziska , Maini Lucia
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the mechanochemical reactions between AgBr with the liquid reagents 3-picolylamine and 4-picolylamine.
Energy transfer photocatalysis: exciting modes of reactivity
Authors: Dutta Subhabrata , Erchinger Johannes E. , Strieth-Kalthoff Felix , Kleinmans Roman , Glorius Frank
Published: January 2024

Leveraging light energy to expose the ‘dark’ reactive states describes the whole essence of triplet–triplet energy transfer. This offers an impressive opportunity to conduct a multitude of diverse reactions and access sought-after molecular motifs.
Engineered ketoreductase-catalyzed stereoselective reduction of ethyl 2′-ketopantothenate and its analogues: chemoenzymatic synthesis of d-pantothenic acid
Authors: Hu Pan , Wu Xiaofan , Zhang Yajiao , Liu Minjie , Tao Yuan , Huang Zedu , Chen Fener
Published: January 2024

An asymmetric sustainable route to d-pantothenic acid was developed, centering on the reduction of ethyl 2′-ketopantothenate to ethyl (R)-pantothenate, enabled by an E. coli strain co-expressing an engineered ketoreductase and glucose dehydrogenase.
Click chemistry-based synthesis of new 1,2,3-triazolo-benzoquinoline-3-carbonitriles: anticancer screening and DFT studies
Authors: El Malah Tamer , Farag Hanaa , Awad Hanem M. , Soliman Hanan A.
Published: January 2024

This study emphasizes the synthesis of a novel series of 1,2,3-triazolo-benzoquinoline-3-carbonitriles by using Cu(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition known as the click reaction.
Structure induced activity enhancement of tungsten oxide for tetrabromobisphenol A photodegradation under visible light illumination
Authors: Zhou Shiman , Zhu Qianqian , Li Denan , Zhang Lifeng , Li Yanshuo , Zhang Zhenxin
Published: January 2024

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a prevalent brominated flame retardant, poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating its removal.
Binary mixture of subcritical water and acetone: a hybrid solvent system towards the production of lignin nanoparticles
Authors: McMichael Philip S. , Hoque Mahfuzul , dos Santos Fernanda Brito , French Victoria , Foster E. Johan
Published: January 2024

A hybrid solvent system based on binary subcritical water/acetone mixtures demonstrates production of uniform lignin nanoparticles while reducing the dependence on high volumes of organic solvent.
Temperature effect on the steric and polar Taft substituent parameter values
Authors: Baco Sindi , Klinksiek Marcel , Mignot Mélanie , Held Christoph , Legros Julien , Leveneur Sébastien
Published: January 2024

We investigate the influence of temperature by re-evaluating the substituent parameters of the Taft equation applied to the esterification of levulinic acid by methanol and ethanol, and the saponification of methyl and ethyl levulinates.
Blood pressure measurement techniques, standards, technologies, and the latest futuristic wearable cuff-less know-how
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Yadav Sanjay , Kumar Ashok
Published: January 2024

This review focuses on blood pressure measurement techniques, algorithms, validation standards and recent sensors and technologies to measure arterial pulse.
Oilseed flax and alfalfa as sources of nutrient elements in the Central region of non-chernozem zone of Russia
Authors: Simagin Alexander , Barsukov Nikolay , Zakharova Sayera , Simagina Anastasia
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of research for the year 2022. The objects of the research were oilseed flax and alfalfa. Percentages of crude protein, fiber and ash elements were evaluated in the crops. The content of nutrient elements was estimated by infrared spectrometry. In flax the content of the studied elements in seeds was estimated, in alfalfa the content of nutrient elements in green mass after the second cutting was estimated. Among oilseed flax samples, the highest raw protein yield was provided by Raduga variety (3.40 c/ha), it also provided the highest ash element yield among flax samples (0.92 c/ha), and Nilin variety provided the highest fiber yield (2.24 c/ha). Among alfalfa samples, sample Taisia (152.15 c/ha and 154.44 c/ha, respectively) showed the highest values for raw protein and fiber collection, while sample Agnia (54.90 c/ha) was the leader in ash elements collection.
Influence of Garmsil and High Temperature on Cotton Productivity
Authors: Rakhmankulov Saidakbar , Dadakhujayev Hasan , Muradullayev Alisher
Published: January 2024

For the first time in the Republic, a special device was developed to create an artificial harmsel with different wind speeds (2; 4; 6; 8; 10 m/sec) and high temperatures (+48-50°C). A method was developed for determining resistance to garmsel and high temperature in breeding material and samples of the cotton gene pool. The research results obtained under artificial garmsel conditions were confirmed under natural garmsel conditions, on the basis of which it became possible to determine the resistance of cotton varieties to these conditions before planting and propagation in regions exposed to garmsel. The resistance of more than 30 varieties of cotton grown on large areas of Uzbekistan was studied, varieties resistant to this stress factor were isolated from them, which are recommended for genetic breeding and the creation of new varieties and lines of cotton that are resistant to garmsel and high temperatures, as well as for sowing. in areas subject to the action of harmcel.
Crossing and Setting of Hybrid Seeds in the Creation of Chromosome-Substituted Cotton Lines g. Hirsutum l.
Authors: Sanamyan Marina , Bobokhujayev Shukhrat
Published: January 2024

A comparative study of the indicators of crossability and setting of hybrid and backcross seeds F1, F1BC1, F1BC2, obtained from crossings of monosomic and monotelodisomic lines of cotton G.hirsutum L. with the donor line Pima 3-79 of the species G.barbadense L. and aneuploid backcross hybrids, was found to be a linear decrease of these indicators in some hybrids, as well as their increase, as well as the alternation of indicators of crossability and setting in different hybrid generations. The study of chromosome conjugation in hybrid monosomic F1 obtained from crossing monosomic lines with the donor line Pima 3-79 of the species G. barbadense L., as well as backcross monosomic F1BC1, F1BC2 with the replacement of specific chromosomes of the cotton genome, revealed normal chromosome conjugation with the formation of 25 bivalents and one univalent of different size in all studied PMCs in most hybrids.
Environmental assessment of the use of biologically active substances of forage plants in fish farming
Authors: Chechkova N.A.
Published: January 2024

This article focuses on the environmental assessment of the use of biologically active substances (BAS) of forage plants in fish farming. The main attention is given to the study of the degree of microbial contamination of plant components included in the feed. The objective of the study was to identify the spectrum of contamination of grower feeds for rainbow trout with micromycetes. Due to an environmental assessment of feed samples containing forage plants (soy bean, rapeseed, wheat) or their components (soybean flour, sunflower meal), representatives of three genera of micromycetes, such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Rhizopus, belonging to the kingdom of Fungi, divisions Ascomycota and Zygomycota; subclasses Eurotiomycetidae, Sordariomycetidae, and Mucorineae; orders Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Mucorales, and families Trichocomaceae, Nectriaceae, and Rhizopodaceae, were found. The detrimental effect of myxomycetes on the bodies of fish has been detected.
Effect of Sowing Time and Rate on Growth, Development and Productivity of Crotalaria Juncae. L
Authors: Negmatova Surayyo , Shichiyakh Rustem , Kukhar Viktor , Yakubov Gairat , Nurullaeva Manzura
Published: January 2024

In this article, the influence of the non-traditional legume Crotalaria (Crotalaria juncae L.) as the main crop on its growth, development and productivity in conditions of degraded meadow alluvial soils of Khorezm region is described. That is, the highest indicators of seed germination were observed on May 1-5 of crotalaria in the version where 18 kg/ha of germinating seeds were planted, and increasing the sowing rates in all planting periods increased seed germination by 3-5%; as of July, when crotalaria was planted on April 20-25, the plant height was 10-14 cm higher than the options planted in other periods; in the case of September, when the plant was planted at 14 kg/ha on April 20-25, the number of leaves formed was 265.0, which was 85.0 more than when planted early and 15 more than when planted late, and the number of leaves when 14 kg/ha of seed was planted was 10 85.0 units per kg/ha compared to the variant planted with seeds, 111 units compared to the variant planted with 18 kg/ha; the higher seed yield of crotalaria in 20-25.04 when 14 kg/ha of seed is planted is 18.0 t/ha, compared to the option planted in the early period, 5.9 t/ha; 3.7 ts/ha compared to the option planted in the late period; 2.4 ts/ha compared to the option with 10 kg/ha of seeds; Compared to option 6, where 18 kg/ha of seeds were planted, 4.8 ts/ha of additional grain yield was scientifically justified. Key words: Crotalaria juncae, grassland alluvial soil, legume, duration, rate, fertility, seed, hay, productivity.
Routine Echocardiography is not Required in Neonates with Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bhagat Indira , Sarkar Rohan , Bapuraj Jayapalli R. , Sarkar Subrata
Published: January 2024

Objective Current guidelines suggest routine echocardiography (ECHO) in the acute phase to exclude a cardiac source for neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS). However, the commonly assumed embolic origin from a cardiac source for NAIS is challenged and the need for ECHO in NAIS remains questionable, especially during the era of standard fetal anomaly scanning. Our hypothesis is that any complex cardiac defects potentially causing NAIS would likely be detected during routine prenatal scans, thus possibly making routine postnatal ECHO redundant. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of significant cardiac risk factors and evaluate the necessity of routine postnatal ECHO in NAIS during the routine use of prenatal fetal sonography.

Study Design Retrospective review of 54 infants diagnosed with NAIS via brain magnetic resonance imaging who underwent an ECHO evaluation during the acute period to exclude potential cardiac origins for NAIS.

Results Postnatal ECHO revealed no intracardiac thrombus or vegetation, and only identified structural heart anomalies in three (5%) infants. Interestingly, these three cases had already been diagnosed with syndromic conditions or chromosomal malformations prenatally. In the remaining infants, postnatal ECHO was either normal or showed minor abnormalities unlikely to have contributed to the stroke. The detection rates of complex cardiac anomalies from prenatal scans and postnatal ECHO were statistically similar (p = 0.617).

Conclusion The probability of ECHO to exclude cardiac sources for NAIS is so low that in the era of standard fetal anomaly scanning, routine postnatal ECHO may not be necessary for all NAIS infants, except when chromosomal malformations are detected.

Key Points
Synthesis of Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Containing Heterocycles Catalysed by Metal Nanoparticles Reported in 2022
Authors: Dhameliya Tejas M. , Shah Disha D. , Shah Aayushi C. , Shah Tithi S. , Patel Tanvi M. , Rana Devalben K. , Sureja Dipen K. , Bodiwala Kunjan B.
Published: January 2024

The versatility of aza- and oxa-heterocyclic compounds has garnered significant attention in recent times. A large number of currently approved pharmaceutical products include nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycles. Recent nanotechnological developments have propelled an upsurge in the applications of nanocatalysis for heterocyclic synthesis. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as promising catalysts for the synthesis of aza- and oxa-heterocycles owing to their unique physicochemical properties. Various MNPs including gold, silver, nickel and palladium have been evaluated for their catalytic activities in different reaction types, including cyclisation, coupling, hydrogenation and oxidative transformations. The MNPs have exhibited remarkable catalytic efficiency when utilised under optimal conditions. These catalysts have showcased high reusability and recyclability, yielding satisfactory amounts of the desired heterocyclic compound. The present work provides a detailed overview of recent advances in the area of MNP-assisted synthetic construction of aza- and oxa-heterocycles, published during the previous calendar year, 2022. The review serves as a valuable resource and also paves the way for future investigations in the development of novel catalytic strategies for heterocycle synthesis.

1 Introduction

2 Nanocatalysis

3 Aza- and Oxa-Heterocycle Synthesis Catalysed by MNPs

3.1 AuNPs

3.2 CuNPs

3.3 CoNPs

3.4 FeNPs

3.5 NiNPs

3.6 PdNPs

3.7 PtNPs

3.8 SiNPs

3.9 ZnNPs

3.10 Bimetallic NPs

3.11 Other MNPs

4 Summary and Outlook
The effect of fluctuations in bilateral relations on trade: evidence from China and ASEAN countries
Authors: Wang Yuren , Tao Yitao
Published: January 2024

China and ASEAN have strong ties and have become each other’s largest trading partners. This article uses the gravity model and a novel method of analysis, based on massive event data provided by the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone, to empirically analyse the impact of fluctuations in bilateral relations between China and ASEAN on bilateral trade from January 2001 to December 2020. An analysis of 1,204,126 event records concluded that the improvement of bilateral relations was beneficial for trade between China and ASEAN countries. China’s export trade was more easily influenced by bilateral relations than its import trade. Compared to the one-way behavioural attitude of ASEAN countries towards China, China’s one-way reaction to ASEAN countries had a greater impact on bilateral trade. China’s trade dependence level with most ASEAN countries maintains a trend of steady growth, and trade relations show a positive trend. Therefore, China and ASEAN should maintain stable political ties, enhance mutual understanding, strengthen economic and political connectivity, take adequate measures to promote mutual trust, continue optimizing cooperation models, and promote high-quality and high-level sustainable development across the region.
Translating Emirati literature: exploring culture-specific items in Mohammed Al Murr’s Dubai Tales
Authors: Al Tenaijy Moza , Al-Batineh Mohammed
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the translation of Emirati culture-specific items (CSIs) into English, a rarely discussed topic in Arabic translation studies. It focuses on a collection of short stories, Dubai Tales, authored by renowned Emirati author Mohammed Al Murr and translated into English by Peter Clark. The short stories vividly portray Emirati daily life, relationships and cultural values, making it an ideal set of data for a case study of translation strategies. With the emergence of the United Arab Emirates as a global multicultural hub, the demand for effective translations of Emirati literature, including CSIs, is growing. Translating effectively will not only ensure linguistic accessibility but also facilitate better worldwide communication of the unique cultural nuances woven into Emirati narratives. The study conducts quantitative and qualitative analyses of Clark’s English translation by drawing on Newmark’s (1988) cultural categories and Davies’s (2003) framework for translation strategies. The analysis revealed that Clark used globalisation, a domestication strategy, to translate most CSIs into English as well as preservation, a foreignisation strategy, to infuse exotic texture. This strategy reflected a careful balancing act aimed at reaching a wide audience while maintaining cultural elements. This study thus offers invaluable insights highlighting the dynamic relationship between culture and language in literary translations, with a special focus on the Emirati context.
A comparative study of a viscous froth lens in two and three dimensions
Authors: Zhang Haosen , Torres-Ulloa Carlos , An Senyou , Brito-Parada Pablo R. , Neethling Stephen J. , Wang Yanghua
Published: January 2024

The two-dimensional (2D) viscous froth model was initially designed to capture the dynamic behavior of dry foams within a Hele–Shaw cell, characterized by two parallel covering plates separated by a small gap. However, due to its inherent 2D nature, this model does not explicitly account for the dimension across the gap. To address this limitation, we have opted for a three-dimensional (3D) version of the viscous froth model. In this 3D model, the dynamic effect is introduced through the motion of the surface Plateau borders, while the configurations of films in bulk are determined via surface energy minimization subject to specified bubble volumes and surface Plateau border locations. We use this 3D model to simulate the motion of a viscous froth lens within a straight channel. The steady states of the viscous froth lens in 3D are primarily influenced by the driving velocity-to-gap size ratio, particularly at relatively small values of this ratio. By contrast, as the ratio becomes relatively large, the gap size begins to play a significant role in influencing the behavior of the viscous froth lens in 3D. Differences are observed in the steady-state configurations of the viscous froth lens in 3D when compared to those in 2D. However, the behavior of the viscous froth lens in 2D can be better aligned with the results in 3D by treating the drag coefficient required in the 2D viscous froth model as a fitting parameter. A further quantitative analysis indicates that the drag coefficient needed in the 2D viscous froth model may not serve as a uniform parameter for the entire foam structure. Instead, it may depend on the specific location along the evolving foam films over time.
Active control for a low-drag Ahmed vehicle model based on steady blowing
Authors: Deng Guoming , Fan Dewei , Zhang Bingfu , Zhou Yu
Published: January 2024

An experimental investigation is conducted on the active drag reduction (DR) of an Ahmed body with a rear slant angle of 35°, corresponding to the low-drag regime, using single and combined actuations at the Reynolds number Re = 1.7 × 105. Five different actuations, produced by steady blowing jets, are deployed independently around the edges of the rear slant surface and vertical base, achieving the maximum DR of 1%–9%. An artificial intelligence control system based on ant colony algorithm is used for finding near-optimal control laws of the combined jets. With both DR and control power input considered in the cost function, the maximum DR obtained reaches 18%, though the corresponding control efficiency η (≡ES/EI, where ES and EI are the saved power due to DR and the total input power of the actuations, respectively) is only 0.13. However, η may go up greatly, climbing to 5.8, given a 3% sacrifice of DR. Extensive flow measurements are conducted, with and without control, to understand the flow physics and mechanisms under the control of individual and combined actuations. A linear regression model is established to describe the correlation between the control efficiency and parameters under the combined actuations.
On the aero-thermal performance of flat-plate film cooling hole with variable rib heights
Authors: Li Shouzuo , Li Xuejian , Cai Le , Wang Songtao , Qiu Dandan
Published: January 2024

This study conducted a numerical investigation into the impact of different cooling air feeding methods and structural parameters of the internal ribbed crossflow channel on the performance of cylindrical film cooling holes under varying blowing ratios. The considered flow conditions encompassed two feeding methods (plenum or crossflow channel), three different rib heights (h = 2–8 mm), three internal crossflow directions relative to the mainstream (θ = 0°–180°), and four blowing ratios (M = 0.5–2.0). In the case of crossflow, the external crossflow had a Mach number of 0.3, and the internal crossflow's Reynolds number was set at 2 × 105. The study delves into flow analyses of the hole and external flow field, discharge coefficient characteristics, aerodynamic losses, and heat transfer characteristics. The findings reveal that the presence of internal crossflow significantly alters the flow field and performance compared to the coolant plenum case. However, the effects of crossflow are attenuated when internal turbulence rib structures are introduced, and this damping effect is further pronounced as the rib height increases. The aerodynamic and cooling characteristics of the hole progressively approach those of a plenum supply form, a phenomenon aptly termed the “Plenum effect” of the ribbed crossflow channel.
Polyphosphate kinase-1 regulates bacterial and host metabolic pathways involved in pathogenesis of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Chugh Saurabh , Tiwari Prabhakar , Suri Charu , Gupta Sonu Kumar , Singh Padam , Bouzeyen Rania , Kidwai Saqib , Srivastava Mitul , Rameshwaram Nagender Rao , Kumar Yashwant , Asthana Shailendra , Singh Ramandeep
Published: January 2024

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is primarily synthesized by Polyphosphate Kinase-1 (PPK-1) and regulates numerous cellular processes, including energy metabolism, stress adaptation, drug tolerance, and microbial pathogenesis. Here, we report that polyP interacts with acyl CoA carboxylases, enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. We show that deletion of
ppk-1
in
M. tuberculosis
results in transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. In comparison to the parental strain, the Δ
ppk-1
mutant strain had reduced levels of virulence-associated lipids such as PDIMs and TDM. We also observed that polyP deficiency in
M. tuberculosis
is associated with enhanced phagosome–lysosome fusion in infected macrophages and attenuated growth in mice. Host RNA-seq analysis revealed decreased levels of transcripts encoding for proteins involved in either type I interferon signaling or formation of foamy macrophages in the lungs of Δ
ppk-1
mutant–infected mice relative to parental strain–infected animals. Using target-based screening and molecular docking, we have identified raloxifene hydrochloride as a broad-spectrum PPK-1 inhibitor. We show that raloxifene hydrochloride significantly enhanced the activity of isoniazid, bedaquiline, and pretomanid against
M. tuberculosis
in macrophages. Additionally, raloxifene inhibited the growth of
M. tuberculosis
in mice. This is an in-depth study that provides mechanistic insights into the regulation of mycobacterial pathogenesis by polyP deficiency.
Spatially-indirect and hybrid exciton–exciton interaction in MoS2 homobilayers
Authors: Maslova Valeria A , Voronova Nina S
Published: January 2024

Interlayer excitons in transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) bilayers, alongside their interplay with direct excitonic species, are supposed to offer a pathway towards robust nonlinearity, enabling the exploration of many-body quantum effects. We present a theoretical investigation of interaction among various exciton species within these structures where Coulomb attraction and repulsion are subject to reduced screening. For a homobilayer MoS2, we examine both direct, spatially-indirect, and hybridised excitons, considering the effects of direct and exchange interaction of electrons and holes distributed across one or different layers. Similar physics arises in perfectly aligned twisted TMD heterobilayers which support the direct-to-indirect exciton hybridisation. Deriving the exciton–exciton interaction matrix elements, we unveil a distinct non-monotonic dependence of the interaction on transferred momentum, changing sign from repulsive to attractive even for ground-state excitons, and compare our results with existing calculations for monolayers. Our findings demonstrate that for large momenta involved in high-density effects (strongly correlated phases), the interaction is chiefly governed by the prevailing attractive exchange component. At the same time, at small momenta that are more relevant for rarefied systems, we find that the enhancement of the interaction constant for dipolar species compared to intralayer non-dipolar excitons may be hindered by the surrounding medium. We draw comparisons with existing experiments and discuss the implications of our findings on the collective effects in TMD-based systems of excitons and exciton-polaritons.
Surface roughness of pigmented and non-pigmented maxillofacial silicone elastomer before and after artificial aging
Authors: Abdalqadir Mohammed , Saeed Znar , Azhdar Bruska
Published: January 2024

Maxillofacial prostheses are frequently made from silicone elastomer. The silicone material’s rough surface can lead to the accumulation of microorganisms, irritation of the surrounding soft tissue, and the progression of some microsites into mechanical failure and color deterioration. This in vitro study aimed to compare the surface roughness of M511 heat-vulcanized maxillofacial silicone before and after artificial aging. Eighty disk-shaped specimens were prepared and divided equally among five experimental groups based on pigmentation, with 16 samples in each group. The colorless specimens were prepared without adding any pigment. The four study groups were prepared using distinct pigments (red, blue, yellow, and their mixture). Half of the specimens in each group were tested before aging, while the other half was tested after 750 h of artificial aging. Surface roughness was measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the silicone bonds and pigments were observed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). Data were compared between groups using a two-way analysis of variance, independent sample t-test, and Tukey’s post hoc test, considering a p < 0.05 statistically significant. FTIR-ATR showed no differences between the pre-and post-aging groups, with similar peaks observed. The surface roughness significantly increased in the colorless, blue, and mixed pigment groups (p < 0.001), surface roughness increased by 155.66%, 14.83%, and 96.12% respectively for colorless, blue pigment, and the mixture of pigments after 750 h of artificial aging. In contrast, the surface roughness significantly decreased in the yellow pigment (90.98%) and red pigment (5.7%) (p ≤ 0.001) after aging. The yellow pigment showed the smoothest surface after aging, while colorless specimens showed the roughest surface. Two-way ANOVA showed that pigment type and aging time significantly affected surface roughness. Therefore, induced aging considerably impacted the surface topography of maxillofacial silicone. The pigment type and distribution in the silicone matrix affected its surface roughness. The AFM analysis is a simple and straightforward method for assessing surface roughness at the nanometer level.
Selective oxidation of metallic contacts for localized chemical vapor deposition growth of 2D-transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Bizhani M , Jensen G , Poston W , Aldosari N , Tariq M , Aleithan S , Stinaff E
Published: January 2024

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the most common fabrication method for transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) where direct chemical vapor phase reaction between an oxide transition metal and chalcogen powder results in formation of high-quality crystals of TMDs. However, in this method the nucleation is often random with incomplete nucleation and non-uniform thickness. In this work we studied the formation of a localized transition metal oxide which resulted in controllable growth of mono- to few-layer MoS2 around the formed oxide region. Bulk molybdenum patterns were irradiated with a 532 nm continuous wave laser creating a localized hot-spot which, under ambient conditions, resulted in the formation of molybdenum oxide. The characteristics of the subsequent MoS2 growth depended on the type and thickness of the MoOx which was determined by the power and duration of laser exposure. The resulting MoOx and MoS2 growth around the localized oxide regions were investigated by Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Our studies have shown that exposing bulk molybdenum patterns to 10 mW of laser power for about 2s results in the minimal formation of MoO2 which coincides with high quality mono- to few-layer MoS2 growth.
Milliken’s Tree Theorem and Its Applications: A Computability-Theoretic Perspective
Authors: Anglès d’Auriac Paul-Elliot , Cholak Peter , Dzhafarov Damir , Monin Benoît , Patey Ludovic
Published: January 2024

Milliken’s tree theorem is a deep result in combinatorics that generalizes a vast number of other results in the subject, most notably Ramsey’s theorem and its many variants and consequences. In this sense, Milliken’s tree theorem is paradigmatic of structural Ramsey theory, which seeks to identify the common combinatorial and logical features of partition results in general. Its investigation in this area has consequently been extensive.

Motivated by a question of Dobrinen, we initiate the study of Milliken’s tree theorem from the point of view of computability theory. The goal is to understand how close it is to being algorithmically solvable, and how computationally complex are the constructions needed to prove it. This kind of examination enjoys a long and rich history, and continues to be a highly active endeavor. Applied to combinatorial principles, particularly Ramsey’s theorem, it constitutes one of the most fruitful research programs in computability theory as a whole. The challenge to studying Milliken’s tree theorem using this framework is its unusually intricate proof, and more specifically, the proof of the Halpern-Laüchli theorem, which is a key ingredient.

Our advance here stems from a careful analysis of the Halpern-Laüchli theorem which shows that it can be carried out effectively (i.e., that it is computably true). We use this as the basis of a new inductive proof of Milliken’s tree theorem that permits us to gauge its effectivity in turn. The key combinatorial tool we develop for the inductive step is a fast-growing computable function that can be used to obtain a finitary, or localized, version of Milliken’s tree theorem. This enables us to build solutions to the full Milliken’s tree theorem using effective forcing. The principal result of this is a full classification of the computable content of Milliken’s tree theorem in terms of the jump hierarchy, stratified by the size of instance. As usual, this also translates into the parlance of reverse mathematics, yielding a complete understanding of the fragment of second-order arithmetic required to prove Milliken’s tree theorem.

We apply our analysis also to several well-known applications of Milliken’s tree theorem, namely Devlin’s theorem, a partition theorem for Rado graphs, and a generalized version of the so-called tree theorem of Chubb, Hirst, and McNicholl. These are all certain kinds of extensions of Ramsey’s theorem for different structures, namely the rational numbers, the Rado graph, and perfect binary trees, respectively. We obtain a number of new results about how these principles relate to Milliken’s tree theorem and to each other, in terms of both their computability-theoretic and combinatorial aspects. In particular, we establish new structural Ramsey-theoretic properties of the Rado graph theorem and the generalized Chubb-Hirst-McNicholl tree theorem using Zucker’s notion of big Ramsey structure.