bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Gas-Bearing Properties of Yanchang Formation Shale Reservoirs in the Southern Ordos Basin
Authors: Gao Zhendong , Wang Yongdong , Gu Xiaoyu , Cheng Hanlie , Puppe Nnamdi
Published: April 2023

Ordos Basin is a multicycle superimposed cratonic basin in northern China with a simple internal structure and a gentle stratigraphic slope. It is characterized by extensive development, numerous oil and gas-bearing layers, and complete source-reservoir-caprock assemblages. However, the research on continental shale reservoirs and gas-bearing characteristics in the southern part of the basin is not in-depth enough, which restricts the further exploration and development of shale gas in this area. In this paper, the development characteristics of pores and fractures in shale reservoirs and the gas-bearing characteristics of Yanchang Formation shale in the study area are summarized by the comprehensive use of field outcrop, core, and logging, combined with common thin section observation, scanning electron microscope observation, X-ray diffraction analysis, and other methods and techniques. Research indicates that the cement content of the sandstone in the Yanchang Formation reservoir in the south of Ordos is generally 5%-25%. The reservoir also has a large number of primary pores, secondary pores, and microfractures. The gas content of the Yanchang Formation shale represented by Chang 7 is related to both organic matter and pore structure.
The Prototype Test on Sealing Capacity and Mechanical Behavior of the Underground Segmental Lining in a Low Vacuum Environment
Authors: Lv Qianqian , Zeng Chuigang , Li Fengyuan , Chen Kui , Shi Long , Chen Ruixiang
Published: April 2023

The super-speed tube transport (SSTT) system is called the fifth traffic mode internationally. One of the critical technical problems for the design of SSTT system is the sealing reliability in vacuum tube structures. In this paper, an experimental study of the sealing capacity and mechanical behavior of the segmental lining is carried out, and the following conclusions are drawn. To meet the requirements of the SSTT system, the existing sealing of the concrete segment structure needs to be further strengthened. The joint spacing decreases with increasing vacuum and increases with vacuum pressure relief. There is an obvious correlation between the strain change and the vacuum pumping, which can be divided into four stages. The influence of the pressure difference and the local airflow movement on the concrete surface strain is dominant by turns at different stages. The concrete surface is suggested to be reinforce on account of the tensile strain caused by the local airflow movement of vacuum pumping is significant. The relative pressure caused by vacuum has little effect on the stress and deformation of the structure. The results of the study can help to understand the sealing capacity and mechanical behavior of the underground segmental lining in a low vacuum environment and be beneficial in choosing the appropriate structure type for the SSTT system.
The Rule of Necessity (iḍṭirār/ḍarūrah): Its Use and Development in Iran in the Reconciliation of the Resolution of Housing Problems with Islamic Law
Authors: Ansaripour M.A.
Published: April 2023

One of the very well-established rules of Islamic law is the rule of “necessity”. When there is a necessity, i.e. a pressing need, to act or to omit, it would make lawful every act that is unlawful in normal circumstances. The rule applies to different areas of Islamic law including public, criminal and civil law. It can be employed by individuals, where the necessity is private, and by the state, where the necessity is public. The rule has been employed by Parliament in legislation and by the relevant constitutional organs in ratifying certain parliamentary bills that were inconsistent with the primary rules of Islamic law. This paper deals briefly with the definition, effect, establishment and scope of “necessity” as well as the application of this rule by the Iranian authorities to deal with certain economic and social problems, in particular the housing need which was once a major problem in the country. By applying the rule of necessity, the ownership of certain lands came to an end or they were transferred to the government in order to be given to the needy. In addition, the government was allowed to accommodate the homeless in vacant residential buildings, to lease and/or sell the said places to the housing applicants and to borrow foreign loans for retrofitting the residential buildings against earthquakes.
A third species of Plesioblattogryllus Huang et al., 2008 discovered in the Middle-Upper Jurassic Daohugou Beds (Insecta: Plesioblattogryllidae)
Authors: HUANG DI-YING , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: April 2023

Here we describe a new species Plesioblattogryllus aristovi sp. nov. from the Middle-Late Jurassic Daohugou Bed and we restore the family Plesioblattogryllidae stat. rest. to its family status (previously junior synonymy of the family Blattogryllidae). This systematic change is supported by the crucial presence vs. absence of tarsal arolia. We also synonymize the monotypic genus Duoduo Cui, 2012 syn. nov. under Plesioblattogryllus Huang et al., 2008 and transfer it to the Plesioblattogryllidae, we transfer its type species Duoduo qianae to the genus Plesioblattogryllus. Finally, we discuss the interspecific variations in the forewing venation of the genus Plesioblattogryllus.
New data and systematic considerations on the Blattogryllopterida (Insecta: Grylloblattida) from the Jurassic Daohugou locality in China
Authors: CUI YINGYING , BÉTHOUX OLIVIER , YANG NAN , REN DONG
Published: April 2023

The systematics of the Blattogryllopterida (Grylloblattida) from the Jurassic Daohugou locality (China) is reconsidered. The holotypes of Plesioblattogryllus magnificus and Duoduo qianae are examined and new synonymies are proposed: Plesioblattogryllus Huang, Nel & Petrulevičius, 2008 = Duoduo Cui, 2012, syn. nov.; Plesioblattogryllus magnificus Huang, Nel & Petrulevičius, 2008 = Duoduo qianae Cui, 2012, syn. nov. The holotype of Plesioblattogryllus minor Ren & Aristov, 2011 is reinvestigated and re-documented, and a new well-preserved single wing of this rare species, also uncovered from the Jurassic Daohugou locality, is described. Besides the holotype, it is the first specimen exhibiting well-exposed wing venation characters for the species. Particular characters, such as the desclerotised MP, are better observed and complemented by Reflectance Transforming Imaging documentation. The new specimen might be a hind wing with a reduced plicatum, a trait yet unknown in grylloblattids. Based on these new data it occurs that, in contrast to P. magnificus and most Blattogryllopterida, the species possesses a long RP+MA fusion, with a long basal free part of MA and a very short basal free section of RP. Together with other characters, it justifies the erection of new genus, Aristoviblattogryllus gen. nov., to accommodate the species Aristoviblattogryllus minor (Ren & Aristov, 2011), comb. nov.
A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: SEIFERT BERNHARD
Published: April 2023

A synopsis of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla Emery 1869 is provided. The four species groups which are of Palaearctic origin or which are restricted in their distribution to this faunal zone, the C. elegans, C. ulianini, C. batesii and C. stambuloffii group—consisting of 25 recognized species—are taxonomically revised. Further nine species belonging to species groups of Ethiopic and Oriental origin which may penetrate into and build up true outdoor populations in the southern Palaearctic are only treated in the determination key. The main working rationale of this revision is Numeric Morphology-Based Alpha-Taxonomy (NUMOBAT) with formation of species hypotheses largely based on exploratory data analyses and checking these hypotheses by discriminant analysis. NUMOBAT data of the species considered comprise 727 worker samples with 1555 individuals and 23,300 primary data. Including high-resolution photos of surface microstructures, all species are depicted by z-stack imaging in four standard visual positions. Numeric data on 19 phenotypical characters are presented in comparative tables and supplementary verbal descriptions are given. In contrast to species groups with Ethiopian, Oriental and Australasian origin, no member of the four Palaearctic species groups has developed a tramp species potential to spread globally. Four cryptic species are described as new: Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides n. sp., C. caspiense n. sp., C. verdensis n. sp. and C. rolandi n. sp. Confirmed were the synonymies of Cardiocondyla elegans santschii Forel 1905, C. provincialis Bernard 1956 and Xenometra gallica Bernard 1957 with C. elegans Emery 1869, that of C. elegans eleonorae Forel 1911 with C. bulgarica Forel 1892, that of C. elegans torretassoi Finzi 1936 with C. nigra Forel 1905, and that of C. bogdanovi Ruzsky 1905, C. montandoni Santschi 1912 and C. stambuloffii taurica Karavajev 1927 with C. stambuloffii Forel 1892. Cardiocondyla bicoronata Seifert 2003 was newly synonymized with C. nigra Forel 1905.
Numerical Analysis Study of a Convective Flow of Nanofluids in a Double-Pass Solar Collector
Authors: Rakrak Kaddour , Benahmed Abdelillah , Belabbes Soufiane , Tayebi Tahar
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a numerical analysis study of the dynamic and thermal performance of a convective flow of water-copper nanofluids in a double-pass flat solar collector. The flow inside the confined space between the glazing and the insulation is governed by the continuity, momentum,
and energy equations. The problem addressed is solved via a CFD ANSYS code using the finite volume method to discretize the equations of the mathematical model. The dynamic and thermal fields are obtained for different values of the volume fraction (φ = 0%, φ = 3%,
and φ = 8%). These results are compared with other results mentioned in the literature. The results obtained allowed us to define the influence of these different parameters on the convective nanofluid flow in the solar collector. The increase in the volume fraction further promotes
heat transfer. The presence of nanoparticles expects a critical part of the convective heat exchange.
Separation Phenomenon in a Forced Convection Non-Similar Externally Retarded Nanofluid Flow
Authors: Mehmood Ahmer , Usman Muhammad , Munawar Sufian , Saleem Najma
Published: April 2023

The study of heat transfer phenomena in non-similar flow of nanofluid is the subject of this investigation. The external retarded flow past a flat plate is considered which does not allow the self-similarity solution. To enhance the heat transfer rate nanofluid has been considered instead
of the pure fluid. The nanoparticles of Aluminum Oxide are disseminated in the Water, being base fluid, to form the nanofluid. The consideration of nanofluid results in a substantial heat transfer augmentation along with the skin friction coefficient and both are observed to be further enhanced
with higher concentration of nanoparticles. Almost 48% and 36% of gain in heat transfer rate and skin friction coefficient, respectively, have been observed in the 20% nanoparticle concentration at the downstream location where separation is occurring. However, a 67% gain in skin friction
coefficient is observed for other downstream locations. The effect of nanoparticle concentration on the separation phenomena has also been investigated carefully and it is found that the concentration of nanoparticle does not delay the flow separation in this case. The effect of nanoparticle
concentration on velocity and temperature profiles and their gradients is depicted and discussed through several graphs.
Influence of Variable Viscosity on Entropy Generation Analysis Due to Graphene Oxide Nanofluid Flow
Authors: Pashikanti Jagadeeshwar , Susmitha Priyadharshini D. R.
Published: April 2023

Conventional investigations on fluid flows are undertaken with an assumption of constant fluid properties. But in reality, the properties such as viscosity and thermal conductivity vary with temperature. In such cases, considering these variabilities aids in modelling the flows with
accuracy. Particularly, studying the flow of graphene based nanofluids with variable properties makes the best of both the advantageous thermophysical properties of graphene nanoparticles in heat transfer and the variable fluid properties in accuartely modelling the flow. In this article,
the flow of graphene oxide nanofluid along a linearly stretching cylinder under no-slip and convective boundary conditions is investigated, by taking the base fluid viscosity to be a temperature dependant function. Buongiorno model is adapted to develop the flow of graphene nanofluids including
the influence of variable heat source, cross-diffusion effects and the effects of nanoparticle characteristics such as thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The modelled equations are transformed and are numerically solved using linearization method. The impacts of embedded parameters including
the Dufour and Soret numbers on temperature, concentration and velocity profiles of the chosen nanofluid and their consequent impacts on the predominant cause for the generated entropy are studied. The obtained results are depicted and interpreted in detail. From the tabulated values of skin
friction and the values of Sherwood and Nusselt numbers, it is inferred that the conductive heat and mass transfer can be enhanced by variable viscosity parameter and skin friction can be reduced by Soret number. Furthermore, entropy generation is analysed and Bejan number is calculated to
be lesser than 0.5, thus demonstrating the dominance of irreversibilty to fluid friction and mass transfer.
Investigation of Various Cooling Nanofluids in a Partially Heated Horizontal Circular Tube
Authors: Bouhezza Aicha , Laouer Abdelghani , Teggar Mohamed , Kholai Omar
Published: April 2023

Enhancement of cooling performance of heat transfer fluids can contribute to downsizing of thermal systems. Analysis of thermal behavior of four cooling water based nanofluids (CuO, Al2O3, ZnO and SiO2) in a circular duct is carried. Modeling of heat
transfer and fluid flow is based on 3D non-linear differential elliptical equations and finite volume method approach. The Brownian motion is considered in modeling of the nanofluid behavior. A code is developed based on SIMPLER and TDMA algorithms. Hydrodynamic and thermal fields are examined
for nanoparticles volume fractions range 0% ≤ Φ ≤ 4% and spherical nanoparticles mean diameter in the range 27 nm ≤ dnp ≤ 78 nm. Results show that the local and circumferentially average Nusselt number increases with increasing the nanoparticles volume
fraction and decreases with the nanoparticles size. The maximum local Nu is observed at the bottom of the duct. SiO2–water nanofluid shows the best thermal performance as well as the strongest secondary flow. Increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction increases the secondary
flow strength. Using 4 vol.% nanoparticles of 27 nm mean diameter improves Nu by 12%, 7%, 5%, and 3.7% for SiO2, Al2O3, ZnO, CuO, respectively, when compared to the cooling performance of water alone.
Steady 3-D Magneto Hydrodynamics-Casson Moving Fluid Across a Porous Sheet as it is Being Linearly Stretched Out Thermal Radiation and Prandtl Number: FEM Approach
Authors: Deepthi K. G. R. , Kavitha S. , Murthy V. Vasudeva
Published: April 2023

In this research paper, the study focuses on results of heat radiation on Casson fluid flowing in three dimensions toward a linearly stretched sheet packed with porous media when a magnetic field is present, as well as when Prandtl number effects when there is a porous medium involved.
The Roseland approximation, which integrates a heat radiation’s impact into the energy equation, is used to incorporate thermal radiation into this research endeavour. To be used in this fluid flow the basic governing partial equations for this fluid flow were changed from linear ordinary
differential equations by converting non-linear partial equations with similarity variables are utilised. The numerical solutions to the resultant linear ordinary duality equations are obtained by the use of the finite element approach. Graphical representations of the effectiveness and accuracy
of this finite element approach are provided for a variety of characteristics as the permeability (K), Casson fluid (β), and magnetic field (M) parameters Stretching sheet parameter (C), Prandtl number (Pr) and Thermal radiation component (R). and conditions.
A comparison of our numerical findings with previously published data (S. Nadeem, R. U. Haq, N. S. Akbar, and Z. H. Khan, Alexandria Eng. J. 52, 577 (2013)) reveals a a high level of consistency among the two sets of data.
Effect of Data Imbalance on the Performance of Pavement Deterioration Models
Authors: Xu Hongbin , Prozzi Jorge A.
Published: April 2023

Pavement performance models that can model consistently well across different pavement types, structures, traffic, and environmental conditions as well as throughout pavements’ lives are essential for the efficient management of transportation infrastructures. However, network pavement performance data are inherently imbalanced, and most pavement performance models are built on algorithms that assume balanced data distribution and equal error cost. As a result, the performance of most pavement performance models may vary for different pavement groups. Considering this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the data imbalance of the network pavement performance data and its effect on the performance of pavement deterioration models. Specifically, the analysis result for the longitudinal cracking model is presented in this paper. The data imbalance of the network pavement performance data mainly arises from two sources: the intrinsic pavement characteristics and pavement life expectancies. The intrinsic data imbalance arises either from the design or the management process, whereas the data imbalance introduced by the pavement life expectancies is primarily the result of the pavement management process. The distribution of the data used in this study exhibits substantial skewness owing to the data imbalance caused by the intrinsic pavement characteristics and life expectancies. The existence of the data imbalance leads to the biased performance of the deterioration models toward pavement classes with more data.
An Energy Efficient Control Strategy for Electric Vehicle Driven by In-Wheel-Motors Based on Discrete Adaptive Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhou Changzhi , Wang Chunyan , Zhao Wanzhong
Published: April 2023

This paper presents an energy-efficient control strategy for electric vehicles (EVs) driven by in-wheel-motors (IWMs) based on discrete adaptive sliding mode control (DASMC). The nonlinear vehicle model, tire model and IWM model are established at first to represent the operation mechanism of the whole system. Based on the modeling, two virtual control variables are used to represent the longitudinal and yaw control efforts to coordinate the vehicle motion control. Then DASMC method is applied to calculate the required total driving torque and yaw moment, which can improve the tracking performance as well as the system robustness. According to the vehicle nonlinear model, the additional yaw moment can be expressed as a function of longitudinal and lateral tire forces. For further control scheme development, a tire force estimator using an unscented Kalman filter is designed to estimate real-time tire forces. On these bases, energy efficient torque allocation method is developed to distribute the total driving torque and differential torque to each IWM, considering the motor energy consumption, the tire slip energy consumption, and the brake energy recovery. Simulation results of the proposed control strategy using the co-platform of Matlab/Simulink and CarSim® demonstrate that it can accomplish vehicle motion control in a coordinated and economic way.
Experimental Study on Titanium Alloy Cutting Property and Wear Mechanism with Circular-arc Milling Cutters
Authors: Chen Tao , Liu Jiaqiang , Liu Gang , Xiao Hui , Li Chunhui , Liu Xianli
Published: April 2023

Titanium alloy has been applied in the field of aerospace manufacturing for its high specific strength and hardness. Nonetheless, these properties also cause general problems in the machining, such as processing inefficiency, serious wear, poor workpiece face quality, etc. Aiming at the above problems, this paper carried out a comparative experimental study on titanium alloy milling based on the CAMC and BEMC. The variation law of cutting force and wear morphology of the two tools were obtained, and the wear mechanism and the effect of wear on machining quality were analyzed. The conclusion is that in contrast with BEMC, under the action of cutting thickness thinning mechanism, the force of CAMC was less, and its fluctuation was more stable. The flank wear was uniform and near the cutting edge, and the wear rate was slower. In the early period, the wear mechanism of CAMC was mainly adhesion. Gradually, oxidative wear also occurred with milling. Furthermore, the surface residual height of CAMC was lower. There is no obvious peak and trough accompanied by fewer surface defects.
Barriers and enablers of pelvic floor rehabilitation behaviours in pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence: a qualitative analysis using the theoretical domains framework
Authors: Xu Ping , Jin Ying , Guo Pingping , Xu Xuefen , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhang Wei , Mao Minna , Feng Suwen
Published: April 2023

Background

Stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy is closely related to the occurrence of postpartum and long-term urinary incontinence. Early pelvic floor management is of great significance in promoting the recovery of pelvic floor tissues in pregnant women. However, effective management of urinary incontinence is far from achievable owing to the low adherence of pregnant women in partaking in pelvic floor rehabilitation. As a comprehensive framework for behavioural theory, the Theoretical Domain Framework allows for comprehensive identification of behavioural determinants. Using Theoretical Domain Framework, this study aimed to identify barriers and enablers of pelvic floor rehabilitation behaviours in pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence.

Methods

A descriptive, qualitative design was used in this study. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence based on the Theoretical Domain Framework. The data were analysed using a combination of inductive and deductive methods.

Results

Twenty pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence were interviewed. Seven themes were summarised and used to explain the pelvic floor rehabilitation behaviours of pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence. The seven themes were (1) individual knowledge and experience of pelvic floor management, (2) judgments about expected outcomes, (3) interactions of interpersonal situations, (4) environment, resources, and decision-making processes, (5) personal goal-setting and efforts towards behaviour change, (6) emotional influences on decision-making, and (7) personal characteristics. Besides the "Optimism" domain, 13 of the 14 Theoretical Domains Framework domains were found to influence pregnant patients' pelvic floor rehabilitation behaviours after deductive mapping of themes to the Theoretical Domains Framework. In addition, the inductive analysis generated a theme of personal characteristics that did not map to any of the Theoretical Domains Framework domains.

Conclusions

The pelvic floor rehabilitation behaviours of pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence are complex and are affected by many factors. The findings confirm the need for multiple interventions to support pelvic floor management in pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence, focusing on enhancing knowledge and skills in pelvic floor care and using appropriate behaviour change techniques (such as prompts) to provide a supportive environment.
The rare complication of vascular malformations of the limb after sclerotherapy: a report of 3 cases and brief literature review
Authors: Sun Nianzhe , Liu Rui , Cheng Gechang , Wu Panfeng , Yu Fang , Qing Liming , Zeng Lei , Pang Xiaoyang , Pan Ding , Xiao Yongbin , Khan Umar Zeb , Tang Juyu
Published: April 2023

Background

Vascular malformations are common but complicated types of disease in infants, with unclear causes and lack of effective prevention. The symptoms usually do not disappear and tend to progress without medical intervention. It is extremely necessary to choose correct treatment options for different types of vascular malformations. A large number of studies have confirmed that sclerotherapy has a tendency to become the first-line treatment in near future, but it is also associated with mild or severe complications. Furthermore, to our knowledge, the serious adverse event of progressive limb necrosis has not been systematically analyzed and reported in the literature.

Case presentation

Three cases (two females and one male) were presented who were all diagnosed as vascular malformations and were treated by several sessions of interventional sclerotherapy. Their previous medical records showed the use of several sclerosants in different sessions including Polidocanol and Bleomycin. The sign of limb necrosis did not occur during the first sclerotherapy, but after the second and third sessions. Furthermore, the short-term symptomatic treatment could improve the necrosis syndrome, but could not change the outcome of amputation.

Conclusion

Sclerotherapy undoubtedly tends to be the first-line treatment in near future, but the adverse reactions still remain major challenges. Awareness of progressive limb necrosis after sclerotherapy and timely management by experts in centers of experience of this complication can avoid amputation.
Insights into risk factors for urolithiasis: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Shusheng , Fan Yanpeng , Hu Xia , Shao Mingming
Published: April 2023

Background

Risk factors for urolithiasis have not been identified. Here, we aimed to identify potentially causal risk factors driving the risk of urolithiasis.

Methods

Two sets of instrumental variables were used for analysis, derived from publicly available databases. Summary-level statistical data for urolithiasis were obtained from the MRC-IEU Consortium and UK biobank (Neale Lab). Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to identify causal risk of urolithiasis. Finally, the results of the two databases were combined and a meta-analysis was performed.

Results

In the MRC-IEU consortium, the odds of urolithiasis increased per 1-SD increase of body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.0016, 95% CI:1.0004–1.0029, p = 0.010), triglycerides (OR = 1.0016, 95% CI:1.0003–1.0029, p = 0.017), adiponectin (OR = 1.0027, 95% CI:1.0003–1.0050, p = 0.024), and body fat percentage (OR = 1.008, 95% CI:1.0001–1.0161, p = 0.047). In addition, alcohol intake also increased the incidence of urolithiasis (OR = 1.0030, 95% CI:1.0009–1.0051, p = 0.005). In the UK biobank, the odds of urolithiasis increased per 1-SD increase of waist circumference (OR = 1.0215, 95% CI:1.0061–1.0372, p = 0.008) and body fat percentage (OR = 1.0239, 95% CI:1.0043–1.0440, p = 0.020). Surprisingly, we found that the risk of urolithiasis decreased with increasing hip circumference (OR = 0.9954, 95% CI:0.9915–0.9992, p = 0.017). In a meta-analysis of MR results, higher BMI (OR = 1.0016, 95% CI:1.0004–1.0027, p = 0.009), waist circumference (OR = 1.0073, 95% CI:1.0020–1.0126, p = 0.007), adiponectin (OR = 1.0026, 95% CI:1.0008–1.0043, p = 0.004), triglycerides (OR = 1.0015, 95% CI:1.0004–1.0026, p = 0.008) and body fat percentage (OR = 1.0104, 95% CI:1.0030–1.0178, p = 0.006) increased the risk of urolithiasis. Furthermore, alcohol intake also increased the incidence of urolithiasis (OR = 1.0033, 95% CI:1.0012–1.0053, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Our MR study found that higher BMI, triglycerides, waist circumference, adiponectin, body fat percentage, and alcohol intake increased the risk of urolithiasis.
Cervical cancer screening utilization and associated factors among women attending antenatal care at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Arsi zone, South Central Ethiopia
Authors: Shero Abdulmenan Ahmed , Kaso Abdene Weya , Tafa Mesfin , Agero Gebi , Abdeta Gizachew , Hailu Alemayehu
Published: April 2023

Background

Cervical cancer is a major public health problem affecting women worldwide. It is the second cause of mortality among women in Ethiopia. Early Cervical cancer screening has a tremendous impact on reducing morbidity and mortality related to cervical cancer infection. Therefore, this study aimed to assess cervical cancer screening utilization and associated factors among women attending Antenatal Care at Asella referral and teaching hospital, Arsi Zone, south-central Ethiopia.

Method

This study employed a facility-based cross-sectional study among 457 Antenatal Care mothers from December 2020 to February 2021. Data collection was performed using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. Data were entered into EpiInfo Version 7 and transferred to SPSS V.21 for analysis. A logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with cervical cancer screening utilization and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval at p-value < 0.05 was computed to determine the level of statistical significance.

Result

The magnitude of cervical cancer screening utilization was found to be 7.2%(95% CI: 5.2, 10.6). Educational status of secondary and above (AOR = 2.92; 95%CI = 1.078–7.94), getting screened for any reproductive healthcare services(AOR = 4.95; 95%CI = 2.24–10.94), having multiple sexual partners(AOR = 4.55; 95%CI = 1.83–11.35), and satisfactory knowledge of cervical cancer screening(AOR = 3.89; 95%CI = 1.74–8.56) were significantly associated factors with cervical cancer screening utilization.

Conclusion

Utilization of cervical cancer screening was low among women attending Antenatal care at Asella Referral and Teaching hospital, Southcentral Ethiopia. Educational status, history of multiple sexual partners, getting screened for any reproductive healthcare services, and knowledge of cervical cancer screening were significant factors associated with the utilization of cervical cancer screening. Hence, to improve the utilization of Cervical cancer screening, there should be the implementation of programmed health education and awareness creation on the benefits of screening as well as the promotion of reproductive healthcare services at health facilities.
Gut taste receptor type 1 member 3 is an intrinsic regulator of Western diet-induced intestinal inflammation
Authors: Shon Woo-Jeong , Song Jae Won , Oh Seung Hoon , Lee Keon-Hee , Seong Hobin , You Hyun Ju , Seong Je Kyung , Shin Dong-Mi
Published: April 2023

Background

Long-term intake of a Western diet (WD), characterized by a high-fat content and sugary drinks, is hypothesized to contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the identified clinical association, the molecular mechanisms by which dietary changes contribute to IBD development remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the influence of long-term intake of a WD on intestinal inflammation and the mechanisms by which WD intake affects IBD development.

Methods

Mice fed normal diet or WD for 10 weeks, and bowel inflammation was evaluated through pathohistological and infiltrated inflammatory cell assessments. To understand the role of intestinal taste receptor type 1 member 3 (TAS1R3) in WD-induced intestinal inflammation, cultured enteroendocrine cells harboring TAS1R3, subjected to RNA interference or antagonist treatment, and Tas1r3-deficient mice were used. RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry, 16S metagenomic sequencing, and bioinformatics analyses were performed to examine the involved mechanisms. To demonstrate their clinical relevance, intestinal biopsies from patients with IBD and mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis were analyzed.

Results

Our study revealed for the first time that intestinal TAS1R3 is a critical mediator of WD-induced intestinal inflammation. WD-fed mice showed marked TAS1R3 overexpression with hallmarks of serious bowel inflammation. Conversely, mice lacking TAS1R3 failed to exhibit inflammatory responses to WD. Mechanistically, intestinal transcriptome analysis revealed that Tas1r3 deficiency suppressed mTOR signaling, significantly increasing the expression of PPARγ (a major mucosal defense enhancer) and upregulating the expression of PPARγ target-gene (tight junction protein and antimicrobial peptide). The gut microbiota of Tas1r3-deficient mice showed expansion of butyrate-producing Clostridia. Moreover, an increased expression of host PPARγ-signaling pathway proteins was positively correlated with butyrate-producing microbes, suggesting that intestinal TAS1R3 regulates the relationship between host metabolism and gut microflora in response to dietary factors. In cultured intestinal cells, regulation of the TAS1R3–mTOR–PPARγ axis was critical for triggering an inflammatory response via proinflammatory cytokine production and secretion. Abnormal regulation of the axis was observed in patients with IBD.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the TAS1R3–mTOR–PPARγ axis in the gut links Western diet consumption with intestinal inflammation and is a potential therapeutic target for IBD.
Insights into the toxicological effects of nanomaterials on atherosclerosis: mechanisms involved and influence factors
Authors: Chen Siyu , Su Yuan , Zhang Manjin , Zhang Yulin , Xiu Peiming , Luo Wei , Zhang Qiuxia , Zhang Xinlu , Liang Hongbin , Lee Alex Pui-Wai , Shao Longquan , Xiu Jiancheng
Published: April 2023

Atherosclerosis is one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease and is driven by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in the arteries, which leads to stenosis and thrombosis. Researchers have been working to design multifunctional nanomedicines with the ability to target, diagnose, and treat atherosclerosis, but recent studies have also identified that nanomaterials can cause atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review aims to outline the molecular mechanisms and physicochemical properties of nanomaterials that promote atherosclerosis. By analyzing the toxicological effects of nanomaterials on cells involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis such as vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and immune cells, we aim to provide new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, and raise awareness of nanotoxicology to advance the clinical translation and sustainable development of nanomaterials.

Graphical Abstract
Controlled-release hydromorphone and risk of infection in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Tricco Andrea C. , Parker Amanda , Hezam Areej , Nincic Vera , Yazdi Fatemeh , Lai Yonda , Harris Charmalee , Bouck Zachary , Bayoumi Ahmed M. , Straus Sharon E.
Published: April 2023

Background

Preliminary evidence suggests that people who inject drugs (PWID) may be at an increased risk of developing infective endocarditis (IE), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from hydromorphone controlled-release formulation. The hypothesized mechanism is related to insolubility of the drug, which promotes reuse, leading to contamination of injecting equipment. However, this relationship has not been confirmed. We aimed to conduct a systematic review including adult PWID exposed to controlled-release hydromorphone and the risk of acquiring IE, HCV, and HIV.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Evidence Based Medicine reviews from inception until September 2021. Following pilot testing, two reviewers conducted all screening of citations and full-text articles, as well as abstracted data, and appraised risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale and Effective Practice and Organization of Care tool. Equity issues were examined using the PROGRESS-PLUS framework. Discrepancies were resolved consistently by a third reviewer. Meta-analysis was not feasible due to heterogeneity across the studies.

Results

After screening 3,231 citations from electronic databases, 722 citations from unpublished sources/reference scanning, and 626 full-text articles, five studies were included. Five were cohort studies, and one was a case–control study. The risk of bias varied across the studies. Two studies reported on gender, as well as other PROGRESS-PLUS criteria (race, housing, and employment). Three studies focused specifically on the controlled-release formulation of hydromorphone, whereas two studies focused on all formulations of hydromorphone. One retrospective cohort study found an association between controlled-release hydromorphone and IE, whereas a case–control study found no evidence of an association. One retrospective cohort study found an association between the number of hydromorphone controlled-release prescriptions and prevalence of HCV. None of the studies specifically reported on associations with HIV.

Discussion

Very few studies have examined the risk of IE, HCV, and HIV infection after exposure to controlled-release hydromorphone. Very low-quality and scant evidence suggests uncertainty around the risks of blood-borne infections, such as HCV and IE to PWID using this medication.
Validation of multiparametric MRI based prediction model in identification of pseudoprogression in glioblastomas
Authors: de Godoy Laiz Laura , Mohan Suyash , Wang Sumei , Nasrallah MacLean P. , Sakai Yu , O’Rourke Donald M. , Bagley Stephen , Desai Arati , Loevner Laurie A. , Poptani Harish , Chawla Sanjeev
Published: April 2023

Background

Accurate differentiation of pseudoprogression (PsP) from tumor progression (TP) in glioblastomas (GBMs) is essential for appropriate clinical management and prognostication of these patients. In the present study, we sought to validate the findings of our previously developed multiparametric MRI model in a new cohort of GBM patients treated with standard therapy in identifying PsP cases.

Methods

Fifty-six GBM patients demonstrating enhancing lesions within 6 months after completion of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) underwent anatomical imaging, diffusion and perfusion MRI on a 3 T magnet. Subsequently, patients were classified as TP + mixed tumor (n = 37) and PsP (n = 19). When tumor specimens were available from repeat surgery, histopathologic findings were used to identify TP + mixed tumor (> 25% malignant features; n = 34) or PsP (< 25% malignant features; n = 16). In case of non-availability of tumor specimens, ≥ 2 consecutive conventional MRIs using mRANO criteria were used to determine TP + mixed tumor (n = 3) or PsP (n = 3). The multiparametric MRI-based prediction model consisted of predictive probabilities (PP) of tumor progression computed from diffusion and perfusion MRI derived parameters from contrast enhancing regions. In the next step, PP values were used to characterize each lesion as PsP or TP+ mixed tumor. The lesions were considered as PsP if the PP value was < 50% and TP+ mixed tumor if the PP value was ≥ 50%. Pearson test was used to determine the concordance correlation coefficient between PP values and histopathology/mRANO criteria. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was used as a quantitative measure for assessing the discriminatory accuracy of the prediction model in identifying PsP and TP+ mixed tumor.

Results

Multiparametric MRI model correctly predicted PsP in 95% (18/19) and TP+ mixed tumor in 57% of cases (21/37) with an overall concordance rate of 70% (39/56) with final diagnosis as determined by histopathology/mRANO criteria. There was a significant concordant correlation coefficient between PP values and histopathology/mRANO criteria (r = 0.56; p < 0.001). The ROC analyses revealed an accuracy of 75.7% in distinguishing PsP from TP+ mixed tumor. Leave-one-out cross-validation test revealed that 73.2% of cases were correctly classified as PsP and TP + mixed tumor.

Conclusions

Our multiparametric MRI based prediction model may be helpful in identifying PsP in GBM patients.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of coronary artery lesions in chinese pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Xu Yingjie , Luo Lingfeng , Su Gaixiu , Zhu Jia , Kang Min , Zhang Dan , Lai Jianming , Li Xiaohui
Published: April 2023

Backgroud

To summarize the clinical characteristics and identify the risk factors for pediatric Takayasu arteritis (TAK) with coronary artery lesions (CALs).

Methods

Clinical data of pediatric TAK patients in our center were retrospectively assessed. Independent risk factors for CALs were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Survival analysis was used to compare differences in survival rates between the groups.

Results

Among the 66 pediatric TAK cases, the incidence of accompanying CALs was 39.4%. In the CAL group, 19 (73.1%) cases started within 36 months. None of the patients had symptoms of angina or ischemia on electrocardiogram (ECG), the CALs were detected using coronary ultrasound. The CALs most commonly were the left main and right coronary arteries. The lesions were mostly small or middle coronary artery aneurysms; some children may have giant coronary aneurysmal dilations, thrombosis and heart failure. The age of onset and symptom onset to diagnosis in TAK patients with CAL were lower than those in TAK patients without CAL(P < 0.005). TAK patients with CAL had significantly higher CRP,WBC, PLT,TNF-α and IL-2R levels (P < 0.05), lower HGB (P = 0.01), lower rate of renal artery stenosis (RAS) (P = 0.009). In multivariate logistic regression, the risk factors for pediatric TAK combined with CAL included the age of TAK onset (OR = 0.9835, 95% CI: 0.9710–0.9946, P = 0.006) and RAS (OR = 0.1901, 95% CI: 0.0386–0.7503, P = 0.03). In addition, there was no significant difference in survival rates between the two groups after regular treatment.

Conclusion

This study showed that the occurrence of CAL in pediatric TAK patients has a relatively more rapid clinical course, and a stronger inflammatory state at the time of diagnosis. The earlier the age of TAK onset and without RAS are more likely to cause CAL.
PLPP/CIN-mediated NF2 S10 dephosphorylation distinctly regulates kainate-induced seizure susceptibility and neuronal death through PAK1-NF-κB-COX-2-PTGES2 signaling pathway
Authors: Kim Ji-Eun , Lee Duk-Shin , Kim Tae-Hyun , Park Hana , Kim Min-Ju , Kang Tae-Cheon
Published: April 2023

Background

Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate phosphatase/chronophin (PLPP/CIN) selectively dephosphorylates serine (S) 10 site on neurofibromin 2 (NF2, also known as merlin (moesin-ezrin-radixin-like protein) or schwannomin). p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, which is involved in synaptic activity and plasticity in neurons. NF2 and PAK1 reciprocally regulate each other in a positive feedback manner. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of PLPP/CIN-mediated NF2 S10 dephosphorylation on PAK1-related signaling pathways under physiological and neuroinflammatory conditions, which are largely unknown.

Methods

After kainate (KA) injection in wild-type, PLPP/CIN−/− and PLPP/CINTg mice, seizure susceptibility, PAK1 S204 autophosphorylation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 S276 phosphorylation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) upregulation, prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) induction and neuronal damage were measured. The effects of 1,1'-dithiodi-2-naphthtol (IPA-3, a selective inhibitor of PAK1) pretreatment on these responses to KA were also validated.

Results

PLPP/CIN overexpression increased PAK1 S204 autophosphorylation concomitant with the enhanced NF2 S10 dephosphorylation in hippocampal neurons under physiological condition. Following KA treatment, PLPP/CIN overexpression delayed the seizure on-set and accelerated PAK1 S204 phosphorylation, NF-κB p65 S276 phosphorylation, COX-2 upregulation and PTGES2 induction, which were ameliorated by PLPP/CIN deletion or IPA-3. Furthermore, IPA-3 pretreatment shortened the latency of seizure on-set without affecting seizure severity (intensity) and ameliorated CA3 neuronal death induced by KA.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that PLPP/CIN may regulate seizure susceptibility (the latency of seizure on-set) and CA3 neuronal death in response to KA through NF2-PAK1-NF-κB-COX-2-PTGES2 signaling pathway.
The challenges in protecting public health interests in multisectoral governance in the context of small island developing states: the case of tobacco control in Fiji and Vanuatu
Authors: Patay Dori , Schram Ashley , Friel Sharon
Published: April 2023

Background

The commercial determinants of health (CDoH) drive the rise of NCDs globally, and their regulation requires multisectoral governance. Despite existing recommendations to strengthen institutional structures, protecting public health interests can be challenging amidst industry interference and conflicting policy priorities, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) where the need for rapid economic development is pronounced. Small island developing states (SIDS) face even more challenges in regulating CDoH because their unique socioeconomic, political, and geographic vulnerabilities may weaken institutional conditions that could aid health sector actors in protecting health interests. This study aims to explore the institutional conditions that shape health sector actors’ capability to protect public health interests in tobacco governance in Fiji and Vanuatu.

Methods

We employed a qualitative, exploratory case study design. We applied the administrative process theory to inform data collection and analysis. Seventy interviews were completed in Fiji and Vanuatu from 2018 to 2019.

Results

The findings show that the protection of health interests in tobacco governance were not supported by the institutional conditions in Fiji and Vanuatu. While the policy processes formally ensured a level playing field between actors, policies were often developed through informal mechanisms, and the safeguards to protect public interests from vested private interests were not implemented adequately. SIDS vulnerabilities and weak regulation of political parties contributed to the politicisation of government in both states, resulting in high-level government officials’ questionable commitment to protect public health interests. The system of checks and balances usually embedded into democratic governments appeared to be muted, and policymakers had limited bureaucratic autonomy to elevate health interests in multisectoral policymaking amidst high-level government officials’ frequent rotation. Finally, capacity constraints aggravated by SIDS vulnerabilities negatively impacted health sector actors' capability to analyse policy alternatives.

Conclusions

Health sector actors in Fiji and Vanuatu were not supported by institutional conditions that could help them protect public health interests in multisectoral governance to regulate CDoH originating from the tobacco industry. Institutional conditions in these states were shaped by SIDS vulnerabilities but could be improved by targeted capacity building, governance and political system strengthening.