bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full‐Color Fluorescence Solvatochromism of Push‐Pull Type Indenoindene Derivatives
Authors: Kanezaki Wakana , Ishikawa Ryutaro , Tsuji Hayato
Published: February 2025

Full‐color fluorescence solvatochromism was demonstrated using two carbon‐bridged oligo(phenylenevinylene) (COPV) derivatives Ph2N‐COPV1(Bu)‐COCH3 and [Ph2N‐COPV1(Bu)]2CO with a push–pull system, where the donor and acceptor moieties are diphenylamino and a carbonyl group, respectively. In non‐polar cyclohexane, the molecules exhibited blue photoluminescence (λPL=443 and 464 nm) with a locally excited character, while in polar solvents, a charge‐transfer character emerged. In methanol, red emission was observed (λPL=602 and 572 nm). The difference in luminescence maxima between cyclohexane and methanol corresponds to 0.74 and 0.59 eV for Ph2N‐COPV1(Bu)‐COCH3 and [Ph2N‐COPV1(Bu)]2CO, respectively, which are larger than those of previously reported push–pull systems. The photoluminescence quantum yields of Ph2N‐COPV1(Bu)‐COCH3 in aprotic solvents were 0.90 and higher regardless of solvent polarity, while they decreased in protic solvents. The molecules also display high extinction coefficients of up to 2.8x104 and 6.4x104 M−1 cm−1. These data demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of structurally rigid planar COPV framework. Furthermore, [Ph2N‐COPV1(Bu)]2CO showed significant responses to water content in tetrahydrofuran‐water mixed solvents, which highlights its potential for sensing applications.
Natural Gas in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, Global LNG, and Administration Change
Authors: Smead Richard G.
Published: February 2025

The US natural gas industry is entering into a new era of dynamic competing forces and uncertainty that may exceed any of the chaos of the past. As I have written multiple times in this column, it is critical for natural gas to find its place in the long‐term future energy mix, not just as a “bridge” or as an old has‐been being ushered out the door. The dynamics of abundance, responsiveness to load changes, and its reliability and resilience make the US natural gas resource valuable for both national security through both liquefied natural gas (LNG) and electric reliability.
The Effect of Honey Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle‐Related Inflammatory Markers Among Military Graduates After Overtraining
Authors: Karami Esmail , Parvizi Mohammad Reza , Izadi Mohammad Reza , Shirazi Emad Jowhari
Published: February 2025

Aims and Objectives

Honey possesses specific anti‐inflammatory properties. We evaluated the effects of oral honey supplementation on skeletal muscle‐related inflammatory markers among military graduates after overtraining.

Methods

This randomized double‐blind controlled trial was conducted on 42 overtrained military graduates who were randomly assigned to receive either honey supplementation (5 mL of 12% honey solution twice daily for 6 weeks) or a placebo for 6 weeks. In our study, we utilized Milk Vetch Sahand honey as the intervention. Serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), aldolase A, and creatine kinase (CK) were evaluated using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method before and after the intervention.

Results

A total of 21 male participants with a mean age of 20.75 years were included in each group. No significant differences were found between the groups in the pre‐intervention assessment of inflammatory biomarkers. However, in the post‐intervention assessment, participants who received honey exhibited significantly smaller increases in CRP (p < 0.001), TNF‐α (p = 0.001), aldolase A (p < 0.001), and CK levels (p < 0.001) compared to the controls. The mean changes in these biomarkers were notably lower in the honey group indicating a potential anti‐inflammatory effect of honey.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that honey supplementation significantly reduces inflammatory biomarkers such as TNF‐α, CRP, aldolase A, and CK in military graduates experiencing overtraining, underscoring its potential to alleviate inflammation associated with intense physical training. To confirm and extend these findings, further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up periods is recommended.
The Effect of a Lecture‐Based Educational Intervention to Improve the Nutrition Knowledge and Behavior of Plant‐Based Seventh‐Day Adventists Living in the United Kingdom
Authors: Janko Robert K. , Haussmann Irmgard , Patel Ashok
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

The Adventist lifestyle, which encourages the consumption of a vegetarian or vegan diet, has been associated with several health benefits; however, the nutrition knowledge of Adventists about essential nutrients in the context of plant‐based diets has not yet been assessed, therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of an expert‐led lecture‐based educational intervention on the nutrition knowledge and habits of plant‐based Seventh‐day Adventists.

Methods

The intervention, delivered in the form of an online lecture by a clinical nutrition expert, comprised a 30‐min lecture emphasizing the role of essential nutrients for vegans and vegetarians, the role of dietary supplements in COVID‐19 prevention. Nutritional knowledge was assessed by using a 25‐item questionnaire before and after the lecture, with a follow‐up survey administered 4 weeks after the lecture to examine changes in dietary behaviors and supplement use.

Results

Thirty‐seven participants completed the study. The mean test scores significantly improved from 8.49 (SD 3.75) pre‐lecture to 20.03 (SD 2.99) post‐lecture (p < 0.001). Subsequent behavioral changes were reported, including increased supplement use and dietary modifications, underscoring the intervention's impact.

Conclusion

This study highlights the effectiveness of a targeted educational interventions in improving nutritional knowledge among plant‐based Seventh‐day Adventists. Health promotion activities conducted by the church should aim to inform church members of the need for well‐planned plant‐based diets and of the importance of appropriate supplementation.
Conservation Gap Within a Nature Reserve: A Case Study in the Biodiversity Hotspot of Rare and Endangered Plants at the Southern Gaoligong Mountains
Authors: Yang Yong‐Jing‐Wen , Hu Xin‐Run , Deng Min , Tan Yun‐Hong
Published: February 2025

Biodiversity loss significantly impacts the stability and functioning of ecosystems, driven by factors such as climate change, human activities, and other influences. Predicting species distributions and conducting conservation gap analyses are essential for identifying key conservation areas, evaluating conservation effectiveness, and highlighting under‐protected areas, thereby providing valuable insights to mitigate biodiversity loss. The Gaoligong Mountains, located within the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas (a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site), serve as an intersection for the biota of the eastern Himalayas, the Indochina Peninsula, and the Hengduan Mountains. The region is a vitally important biological exchange corridor and a long‐standing hotspot for plant geography research. Using the distribution data for 361 rare and endangered plants and eight environmental variables, this study employed the InVEST and random forest (RF) models to determine the current and future potential distribution of these species in the southern Gaoligong Mountains, considering various climate change scenarios combined with currently suitable habitats. The study also evaluated existing protected areas and used a transition matrix to quantify changes in potential habitats. The results show that the current potential suitable habitat in the southern Gaoligong Mountains spans 2987.38 km2, with only 23.14% of this area falling within protected zones, leaving a 76.86% protection gap. Additionally, areas with highly suitable habitats are predicted to decline under future climate change scenarios, emphasizing the inadequacy of existing protected areas in comprehensively safeguarding rare and endangered wild plant species. Habitat loss, primarily driven by the expansion of agricultural activities, further exacerbates this issue. To address these conservation gaps, this study recommends prioritizing the integrity of vertical zones when optimizing protected areas, thus ensuring continuous protection for rare and endangered plant species.
Forecasting the impact of artificial intelligence on clinical pharmacy practice
Authors: Wong Adrian , Flanagan Trenton , Covington Elizabeth W. , Nguyen Elaine , Linn Dustin , Brummel Gretchen , Hoffmaster Brian , Isaacs Diana , Kane‐Gill Sandra L.
Published: February 2025

There is a need to understand contemporary scientific advances as clinical pharmacy evolves. One rapidly expanding area is artificial intelligence (AI), which has grown significantly over the past year because of the public availability of large language models. This commentary reviews published literature describing and evaluating applications of AI to each aspect of the medication use process and forecasts potential future roles for AI in pharmacy practice. Potential challenges in implementation are also described.
C1GALT1C1‐Associated Mosaic Disorder of Glycosylation in a Female
Authors: Aryal Rajindra P. , Ramanujan Aditya , Bucci Camille , Neckelmann Christian , Heimburg‐Molinaro Jamie , Cummings Sandra F. , Erger Florian , Beck Bodo B. , Seaver Laurie H. , Cummings Richard D.
Published: February 2025

Cosmc, encoded by the X‐linked C1GALT1C1, is a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum and a master regulator of O‐glycosylation of mammalian glycoproteins. Recently, we described a germline mutation in C1GALT1C1 in two male patients, giving rise to a congenital disorder of glycosylation—COSMC‐CDG. Here, we have identified a female patient with a de novo mosaic variant in C1GALT1C1 (c.202C>T, p.Arg68*), which results in a truncated and nonfunctional form of Cosmc (Cosmc‐R68). The patient is mosaic, as ~27% of her buccal cells carry the mutation. The patient is now a 5‐year old who presented with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. As Cosmc is essential for the generation of normal O‐glycans through regulating T‐synthase activity, thereby enabling the formation of the universal Core 1 O‐glycan Galβ1‐3GalNAcα1‐Ser/Thr (T‐antigen), the loss of Cosmc leads to the expression of the unusual precursor O‐glycan termed Tn‐antigen (CD175) (GalNAcα1‐Ser/Thr). Owing to the mutational mosaicism, only a significant minority of cells would exhibit abnormal O‐glycosylation. Analysis of red blood cells (RBCs), leukocytes, and serum from this patient indicated reduced expression of Cosmc and T‐synthase proteins and lower T‐synthase activity. Consistent with these findings, we observed reduced normal O‐glycans in serum glycoproteins and RBCs from the patient, along with elevated expression of the Tn‐antigen in serum glycoproteins compared to controls. This case represents the first description of a true mosaic loss‐of‐function variant in C1GALT1C1, that is, one that occurred postzygotically during embryogenesis, and raises interesting questions about the role of O‐glycosylation during fetal development and its consequences on the clinical presentation.
Five‐Year (2017–2022) Evolutionary Dynamics of Human Coronavirus HKU1 in Southern France With Emergence of Viruses Harboring Spike H512R Substitution
Authors: Hikmat Houmadi , Le Targa Lorlane , Boschi Céline , Py Justine , Morand Aurélie , Lagier Jean‐Christophe , Aherfi Sarah , Fantini Jacques , La Scola Bernard , Colson Philippe
Published: February 2025

HCoV‐HKU1 diversity and evolution were scarcely studied. We performed next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and analysis of HCoV‐HKU1 genomes over 5 years. NGS used Illumina technology on NovaSeq 6000 following whole genome PCR amplification by an in‐house set of primers designed using Gemi and PrimalScheme. Genome assembly and analyses used CLC Genomics, Mafft, BioEdit, Nextstrain, Nextclade, MEGA, and iTol bioinformatic tools. Spike molecular modeling and dynamics simulations used Molegro Molecular Viewer and Hyperchem programs. Twenty‐eight PCR systems allowed obtaining 158 HCoV‐HKU1 genomes including 69 and 89 of genotypes A and B, respectively. Both genotypes co‐circulated during the study period but one predominated each year. A total of 1683 amino acid substitutions including 80 in ≥ 10 genomes were detected in genotype A relatively to a 2004 reference. H512R in spike, first detected in 2009 and reported as involved in antibody neutralization, was found in all genotype A, almost always with V387I and K478N, and was predicted here to significantly improve cellular TMPRSS2 protein binding. Also, 1802 amino acid substitutions including 64 in ≥ 10 genomes were detected in genotype B relatively to a 2005 reference. This study substantially expands the global set of HCoV‐HKU1 genomes. Genomics with protein structural analyses contributed to our understanding of HCoV‐HKU1 evolution.
Indacenodithiophene‐Based Medium‐Bandgap Guest Acceptor Enables High‐Efficiency Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Nailiang , Liu Chunyan , Zhang Tengteng , Li Jiaxuan , Zhang Wenhui , Yan Jun , You Shiqun , Lu Yan
Published: February 2025

The ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) have been proven to be an effective strategy for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE), exhibiting substantial potential for continuous enhancement of device performance. In this work, a novel nonfullerene acceptor, IDT‐FN, is developed utilizing a renowned indacenodithiophene (IDT) core and moderately intense electron‐withdrawing terminal groups, serving as the third component in ternary OSCs. IDT‐FN demonstrates excellent complementary light absorption and cascaded energy levels with the host materials D18 and CH‐6F, resulting in enhanced photon harvesting and charge transport within the ternary blend. Therefore, even the as‐cast ternary device manages to surpass the optimal binary host device, achieving a superior PCE of 17.34% compared to the latter's 17.08%. Through optimization, the optimal ternary devices attain an impressive PCE of 18.32%, accompanied by a high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.897 V, a fill factor of 0.745, and a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 27.41 mA cm−2. This demonstrates a significant success in utilizing IDT‐based medium‐bandgap guests to achieve state‐of‐the‐art ternary OSCs.
Hemiacetal Ester Side Chains as a Mild Protecting Group for Carboxylic Acids in Polycarbonate Backbones
Authors: Bixenmann Leon , Nuhn Lutz
Published: February 2025

Hemiacetal esters are versatile functional groups known for their unique ability to degrade under mild conditions such as exposure to water, alcohols, organic acids, or heat. In this study, hemiacetal esters are introduced as mild, transient protecting groups for carboxylic acids along polycarbonate backbones. A six‐membered cyclic carbonate monomer is synthesized by reacting ethyl vinyl ether with a carboxylic acid precursor, demonstrating high efficiency and stability under nucleophilic polymerization conditions. Potential susceptibilities of the hemiacetal esters to transacetalization reactions do not occur under these polymerization conditions. Instead, well‐defined homo and PEG‐based block copolymers are obtained with narrow molecular weight distributions and preserved hemiacetal ester functionalities. These labile side chain groups enabled facile deprotection, yielding polycarbonates with free carboxylic acids, holding significant potential for applications in drug delivery, sustainable polymers, and advanced functional materials.
Asymmetric Choice of Relative‐Performance Delegation Under Duopoly Competition With Vertical Product‐Quality Difference
Authors: Chen Shih‐Shen , Hsu Chu‐Chuan , Ko Po‐Sheng
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we reexamine the optimal weights on relative performance delegation under price and quantity competition modes with double product differentiation (horizontal product differentiation and vertical product‐quality differentiation) pinpointing the strategic asymmetric choice of delegation due to vertical product‐quality differentiation. Because the consumers are willing to pay more for higher quality products and for the firm to maintain its reputation, the firm may limit its supply of product without having aggressive selling effort.
A knowledge graph attention network for the cold‐start problem in intelligent manufacturing: Interpretability and accuracy improvement
Authors: Zhou Ziye , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Shuize , San Martin David , Liu Yongqian , Liu Yang , Wang Chenchong , Xu Wei
Published: February 2025

In the rolling production of steel, predicting the performance of new products is challenging due to the low variety of data distributions resulting from standardized manufacturing processes and fixed product categories. This scenario poses a significant hurdle for machine learning models, leading to what is commonly known as the “cold‐start problem”. To address this issue, we propose a knowledge graph attention neural network for steel manufacturing (SteelKGAT). By leveraging expert knowledge and a multi‐head attention mechanism, SteelKGAT aims to enhance prediction accuracy. Our experimental results demonstrate that the SteelKGAT model outperforms existing methods when generalizing to previously unseen products. Only the SteelKGAT model accurately captures the feature trend, thereby offering correct guidance in product tuning, which is of practical significance for new product development (NPD). Additionally, we employ the Integrated Gradients (IG) method to shed light on the model's predictions, revealing the relative importance of each feature within the knowledge graph. Notably, this work represents the first application of knowledge graph attention neural networks to address the cold‐start problem in steel rolling production. By combining domain expertise and interpretable predictions, our knowledge‐informed SteelKGAT model provides accurate insights into the mechanical properties of products even in cold‐start scenarios.
New Wellness Court merges MH, SU services for person‐centered approach
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2025

An intensive court‐appointed comprehensive treatment program has been implemented in Kansas City for individuals charged in the city's municipal court and who exhibit signs of a co‐occurring disorder. The Kansas City Municipal Wellness Court merges the services of the city's mental health and drug court under one umbrella using a person‐centered approach.
Bill reduces penalty for people with MI who assault police
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2025

Virginia legislation has been introduced that seeks reduced penalty for an individual suffering from a mental health crisis, or has a developmental disability, for assault and battery against police officers. The legislation, SB 1013 “Neurocognitive disorder, etc.; affirmative defense to prosecution,” was introduced by Sen. Jennifer B. Boysko (D‐District 38).
Echoes of Unwoven Breaks: A Paleopathological Literature Review of Nonunion Fractures
Authors: Monge Calleja Álvaro M. , Carvalho Pedro C. , Gaspar Rosa Ramos , Silva Ana Maria
Published: February 2025

This study presents a wide literature review of nonunion fractures in paleopathological contexts, including the description of a new case from Idanha‐a‐Velha (Castelo Branco, Portugal). Nonunion factures, characterized by the failure of broken bone fragments to reunite properly, are rare in the paleopathological record. This review aims to gather and analyze existing cases of this condition, using academic databases and specific research terms related to this type of fracture. This survey included a total of 75 publications describing 155 nonunion fractures in 137 adult individuals: 44 males, 28 females, and 65 of unknown sex. The publication record includes more Prehistoric and Modern cases than those dated from Medieval or Ancient periods. The ulna exhibited the highest overall frequency of nonunion fractures, with 53/155 (34.2%) distributed across six different anatomical regions, primarily at the distal end (Parry fracture). However, when assessing the frequency of nonunions by specific anatomic region, the femoral neck shows a higher rate (23/30; 76.7%) compared to the ulnar distal end (6/53; 11.32%). Male individuals display a higher prevalence of nonunion fractures throughout the skeleton, except for the clavicle, metatarsals, os coxae, and ulna, which affected more often females. Moreover, femoral neck nonunion fractures are more frequent in mid‐20th century male paleopathological cases, while ulnar fractures are more common in prehistoric females. The comparison between these patterns and clinical data highlights that past and current populations have different patterns of nonunion fractures. In the modern clinical literature, a greater prevalence of tibial, fibular, femoral, and humeral nonunions is recorded due to traffic accidents; while in past populations, ulnar nonunion fractures are substantially more frequent. Further studies comparing fracture patterns across different time periods may allow to clarify whether these trends reflect changes in medical treatment, lifestyle, or bone health over time.
Metabolically unhealthy adipose tissue is characterized by reductions in mitochondrial size and function
Authors: DeStephanis Darla , Long Masha R. , Williams Abigail G. , Santiago McKinley , Tonkin Jack , Stevens Christina M. , Davis Matthew A. , Ruggiero Alistaire D. , Henstridge Darren C. , Premilovac Dino , Kavanagh Kylie
Published: February 2025

Objective

Adipose function, not mass, underpins metabolic health. Lean and obese nonhuman primates (NHPs) naturally develop metabolic syndrome. Mitochondria‐related measures in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SQ AT) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells may elucidate differences that transcend adiposity measures.

Methods

Obesity statuses ranged from very lean to severely obese (<9%–>50%, n = 44), which were equivalent in healthy or unhealthy NHPs (metabolic syndrome score difference, p < 0.001). We evaluated SQ AT histology, electron microscopy, tissue proteins, and bioenergetics.

Results

Unhealthy adipocytes had mitochondria one‐half the size of healthy adipocytes (p < 0.01), whereas adipocyte cell sizes were comparable. Consistent with small mitochondria, we saw deficiencies in mitochondrial fusion and quality‐control proteins in SQ AT from unhealthy NHPs (all p < 0.05). Smaller mitochondria in unhealthy adipocytes were consistent with low SQ AT tissue respiration (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial size was specifically reduced with unhealthiness, as mitochondrial abundance, size, and related metrics were unrelated to adiposity. Isolated stromal vascular cells showed comparable respirometry profiles, substantiating specificity of adipocyte‐related mitochondrial defects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell bioenergetic indices were increased in unhealthy NHPs, indicative of immune cell activation, and correlated to SQ AT inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions

We conclude that targeting mitochondrial fusion processes would be a rational strategy to improve metabolic health, independent of total fat mass.
Safety profile of semaglutide versus placebo in the SELECT study: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kushner Robert F. , Ryan Donna H. , Deanfield John , Kokkinos Alexander , Cercato Cintia , Wilding John , Burguera Bartolome , Wu Chau‐Chung , Craciun Anca‐Elena , Pall Denes , Hramiak Irene , Hjelmesæth Jøran , Harder‐Lauridsen Nina M. , Weimers Petra , Jeppesen Ole Kleist , Kallenbach Klaus , Lincoff A. Michael , Lingvay Ildiko
Published: February 2025

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess safety of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo, beyond reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events, in patients with established cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity.

Methods

Safety data focused on serious adverse events (SAEs), all adverse events (AEs) leading to permanent treatment discontinuation irrespective of seriousness, and prespecified AEs of special interest irrespective of seriousness. Tests of treatment differences were determined by two‐sided p values.

Results

The proportion of patients with SAEs was lower with semaglutide versus placebo (33.4% vs. 36.4%; p < 0.001), primarily driven by cardiac disorders (11.5% vs. 13.5%; p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with AEs leading to discontinuation was higher with semaglutide versus placebo (16.6% vs. 8.2%; p < 0.001), a difference driven by gastrointestinal disorders (10.0% vs. 2.0%); however, proportions due to SAEs leading to discontinuation were similar (3.6% vs. 4.1%). Suicide/self‐injury SAEs were low and balanced between groups (0.11% in both groups). Gallbladder‐related disorders were more frequent with semaglutide versus placebo (2.8% vs. 2.3%; p = 0.04), mainly driven by cholelithiasis (1.4% vs. 1.1%), whereas proportions of cholecystitis were similar between groups (0.6% vs. 0.6%).

Conclusions

The long‐term safety profile observed in the Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Overweight or Obesity (SELECT) study is consistent with previously reported semaglutide studies. No new safety concerns were identified for once‐weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg.
Skeletal muscle growth to combat diabetes and obesity: the potential role of muscle‐secreted factors
Authors: Sammut Mitchell J. , Thorne Benjamin R. , Melling C. W. James
Published: February 2025

As the prevalence of obesity and metabolic disease continues to climb, the need for effective therapeutic interventions remains high. The growth of skeletal muscle (SkM) greatly influences systemic metabolism across the whole body, making this tissue an important therapeutic target to combat the rise of metabolic dysfunction. Transgenic rodent models of targeted SkM growth exhibit profound improvements in various remote tissues, including adipose tissue and the liver. It is currently unclear how selective stimulation of SkM growth alters the metabolism of distant tissues; however, evidence suggests that muscle‐secreted factors may be involved. Here, we aim to provide basic biomedical researchers with a summary of the current knowledge regarding various muscle‐secreted factors regulated by anabolic pathways and proteins in SkM, as well as their systemic metabolic effects, to implicate them in the whole‐body metabolic effects of SkM growth. In this review, we also identify several knowledge gaps in this field, future directions of investigation, and implications for therapeutic interventions such as resistance exercise and pharmacology.

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Pretreatment predictors of weight loss in a 12‐month behavioral obesity treatment: a signal detection analysis of DIETFITS
Authors: Patel Michele L. , Landry Matthew J. , Zamora Astrid N. , Fielding‐Singh Priya , King Abby C. , Gardner Christopher D.
Published: February 2025

Objective

The objective of this study was to identify pretreatment predictors of weight loss in a 12‐month behavioral obesity treatment that restricted either fat or carbohydrates.

Methods

Participants were 436 adults with overweight or obesity from the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) trial. Signal detection analysis was used to identify which combinations of 51 pretreatment demographic, clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial variables, along with diet type (healthy low‐fat vs. healthy low‐carbohydrate), formed subgroups that varied in proportion of those achieving at least 5% weight loss at 12 months.

Results

Overall, 51% of participants achieved at least 5% weight loss at 12 months, with eight subgroups identified through signal detection. Diet type was not a key factor. Among racial and ethnic minority participants, the best predictors of weight loss were lower levels of emotional eating, less friend discouragement, and presence of metabolic syndrome. Among non‐Hispanic White participants, the best predictors were high confidence in participating fully in the intervention, more family encouragement, and lower outcome expectations.

Conclusions

We found that psychosocial and clinical factors, along with race and ethnicity, successfully differentiated subgroups that varied in their 12‐month weight loss. Given the heterogeneity in response to behavioral obesity treatment, these results can help generate hypotheses to move intervention science toward a precision medicine approach by matching individuals to their most suitable obesity treatments.
Mitigating muscle loss during weight loss: can nutritional ketosis make a difference? A call for more research
Authors: Athinarayanan Shaminie J. , Volek Jeff S.
Published: February 2025

Weight loss (WL) has an important role in managing obesity and type 2 diabetes, but preserving lean body mass (LBM) during WL is essential for maintaining muscle function and metabolic health. Significant WL with incretin mimetic‐based therapies, similar to bariatric surgery, raises concerns regarding disproportionate LBM loss, which may lead to physical frailty. Recent analyses have suggested that high adherence to a ketogenic diet may mitigate LBM loss while improving physical function, even with substantial WL. However, more research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind LBM preservation in nutritional ketosis and the role of other lifestyle interventions. Future studies of pharmacological, surgical, and lifestyle‐driven WL interventions should also assess LBM, physical function, and frailty. Research in this area is essential for developing strategies that optimize patient outcomes, especially for those who are considering their options for the treatment of obesity.
Microbiota diversity and differences in the respiratory tract of children with pneumonia
Authors: Ge Dandan , Hou Lingyun , Guo Jintao , Lv Xuejing , Yang Yungang
Published: February 2025

Importance

Although studies have examined the link between microbiota and airways, the understanding of microbial imbalances in the upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) in pediatric pneumonia remains limited.

Objective

To elucidate the microbial communities within these areas, shedding light on the microbiota's contribution to pneumonia progression and the underlying metabolic shifts.

Methods

Pharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were gathered from children with pneumonia and sequenced for 16S rDNA gene. Microbiota composition and differences between URT and LRT were analyzed.

Results

Proteobacteria (40.91%), Firmicutes (25.61%), and Actinobacteria (12.77%) were the three most abundant phyla in the airways of the children with pneumonia. Richness (P = 0.003), Chao1 (P = 0.003), and abundance‐based coverage estimator (P = 0.003) indices were significantly higher in the LRT than URT. Streptococus infantis was more abundant in the URT, whereas Cyanobacteria at the phylum level, Alphaproteobacteria and Chloroplast at the class level, Pseudomonadales, Burkholderiales, and Streptophyta at the order level, Moraxellaceae and Corynebacteriaceae at the family level, Moraxella and Corynebacterium at the genus level were more prevalent in the LRT. Multiple pathways such as d‐glutamine and d‐glutamate metabolism (P = 0.0032) were significantly activated in the URT, whereas inorganic ion transport metabolism (P = 0.0239) and tryptophan metabolism (P = 0.0284) were significantly activated in the LRT. Streptococcus genus negatively impacted blood indicators in those children.

Interpretation

Our study characterizes the LRT and URT microbiota in pediatric pneumonia children and links them to clinical features, enhancing our understanding of the disease's pathogenesis.
Crosslinking effects on high‐oleic soybean oil‐based anionic polyurethane dispersions
Authors: Djonlagić Jasna , Petrović Zoran , Hong Jian , Vuković Milica Lovrić
Published: February 2025

Waterborne polyurethane dispersions are known as non‐toxic, non‐flammable, environmentally friendly products widely used in the coatings industry. We prepared a series of anionic dispersions based on the polyol from high‐oleic soybean oil, isophorone diisocyanate and dimethylol propionic acid. Stable anionic dispersions were achieved when the acid content in formulations ranged from 7.7 to 10.8 wt%. All dispersions in this series had average particle sizes of 163–211 nm with unimodal size distribution. Utilization of the high‐oleic oil, with three double bonds on average, and the resulting trifunctional polyol, renders crosslinked products with improved hydrophobicity and excellent chemical and physical properties. Also, it is beneficial in the control of the synthesis process since it reduces the chance of gelation during the dispersion preparation, compared to natural oils with higher unsaturation. The network formation in the systems used was analyzed by applying gelation theory to adjust optimal time for the dispersion in water. It was found that the isocyanate reaction with water always produces imperfect networks but the degree of imperfection can be controlled by the reaction time before dispersion in water. The polyurethane formulations with hard segment content of 39–46 wt% resulted in cured elastomeric films, with single glass transitions around room temperature and low phase separation, but good mechanical properties. The films exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity, low water absorption and water contact angle close to 90°, with promising applications in leather, wood, paper and plastic coatings. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Are Stress and Burnout Specific to French Teachers of Autistic Students? A Comparative Study With Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder
Authors: Cappe Émilie , Despax Johanna , Ridremont Damien , Boujut Emilie
Published: February 2025

Teachers working with autistic children are at a great risk of stress and burnout, particularly in mainstream classrooms. To identify the general relationship between including a child with a mental disability and teachers' burnout and stress, as well as to discern any autism spectrum disorder (ASD)‐specific associations, this study compared teachers' experiences with children with ASD, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and conduct disorder (CD) and typical children (control group). Two comparisons with a total sample of 907 teachers were conducted: one involving mainstream teachers (three groups: ASD, ADHD, and control) and one with specialized teachers (two groups: ASD and CD). Participants completed scales measuring perceived stress, self‐efficacy, perceived social support, coping, and burnout. The hypothesis that autism is specifically associated with teachers' burnout was chiefly rejected based on the results; instead, the intensity of behavioral problems appeared to be central. Clinical implications and research perspectives are discussed, particularly regarding the importance of training teachers in children's specific needs and inclusive pedagogy.
The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cancer‐Related Worries in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Maas Anne , Westerweel Anne , Maurice‐Stam Heleen , Kremer Leontien C. M. , van der Aa‐van Delden Alied M. , Zwerus Daniël , van Dalen Elvira C. , Grootenhuis Martha A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Many childhood cancer survivors (CCS) experience cancer‐related worries (CRW), for example about late effects and cancer recurrence. CRW are associated with lower quality of life (QoL) and maladaptive health care use. We examined the prevalence, severity, and factors associated with CRW in adult CCS.

Methods

We included quantitative studies of ≥ 100 participants reporting on prevalence, severity, mean scores and/or associated factors of CRW among CCS aged ≥ 18 years, diagnosed at ≤ 21 years, and ≥ 2 years post‐diagnosis. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed and APA PsycINFO, hand‐searched reference lists, and consulted experts. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Childhood Cancer Risk of Bias Criteria. Results were synthesized descriptively.

Results

The 17 included studies with a total of 26,306 CCS identified three main themes of CRW: health‐related, financial, and interpersonal. Most prevalent were health‐related worries regarding future health (88%–92%), late effects (83%), cancer recurrence (25%–88%), second cancers (50%–91%), and infertility (34%–68%). Factors associated with increased CRW varied depending on the specific CRW. These included female sex, more pain, anxiety, depression, chronic conditions (e.g., neurologic, being overweight), and treatment history (chemotherapy, radiotherapy).

Discussion and implications

Although most included studies used single items to assess CRW, this review underscores that health‐related worries are particularly prevalent among CCS. Effectively identifying CCS at high risk, for example through using validated measures, and addressing severe CRW can facilitate adaptive healthcare use and improve QoL among CCS. Potential interventions can be providing information about late effects, psycho‐education, discussions during follow‐up care, and targeted psychosocial support for those with severe CRW.
Negative impacts of insecticide‐treated methods and slot traps for trapping of Ips cembrae on nontarget invertebrates
Authors: Jakub Špoula , Jiří Foit , Karolina Resnerová , Emanuel Kula
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Ips cembrae is serious forest pest of European larch (Larix decidua). The negative impacts on nontarget invertebrates of the use of different I. cembrae trapping methods has not yet been evaluated, although mortality of nontarget invertebrates may occur.

RESULTS

Between 2016 and 2022, the impact of different I. cembrae trapping methods on nontarget invertebrates was assessed. Four trapping methods (slot traps, insecticide‐treated tripods, logs and trees) baited with the pheromone lure Cembräwit were tested. Based on larval feeding habits, the captured nontarget invertebrates were grouped into four feeding types: predators, phloexylophagous, saproxylophagous and mycetophagous. The results indicate that predators, especially the clerid beetle Thanasimus formicarius, were the most negatively affected group of nontarget invertebrates. A negative effect on a number of IUCN Red List species also was shown, particularly on Corticeus fraxini (Tenebrionidae). The results show that Cembräwit‐baited slot traps capture not only I. cembrae, but also other serious forest pests such as I. sexdentatus and Pityogenes chalcographus. The overall effect of different trapping methods on I. cembrae population densities has not been studied; however, our results indicate that the use of insecticide‐treated methods has a negative effect on I. cembrae predators.

CONCLUSION

The negative effect on the predators may be sufficiently large to outweigh any benefits gained from a reduction in I. cembrae numbers resulting from trapping. Therefore, in order to reduce the negative impacts on nontarget invertebrates, properly timed and consistent salvage logging should be used rather than insecticide‐treated trapping methods. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Migration Trajectories of Ukrainian Scholars Abroad: Forced Academic Mobility
Authors: Jaroszewicz Marta , Shkoda Tetiana , Ovchynnikova Olena
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the topic of the forced migration of Ukrainian academics who left their homeland after the onset of Russia's full‐scale aggression on 24th February 2022. It is based on the results of a qualitative study of scholars who settled in different foreign destinations and examines their migration trajectories from both a spatial and temporal perspective as well as from the point of view of individual decision making. Combining forced migration research with existing scholarship on academic mobility, it tracks scholars’ long journeys to their places of asylum, distinguishing two principal academic trajectories undertaken by Ukrainian academics: continuing to work remotely for Ukrainian institutions and seeking academic positions abroad. The article demonstrates that the most common life strategy of displaced Ukrainian researchers involves the maintenance of dense transnational networks—principally professional links with Ukrainian universities—while simultaneously looking for opportunities abroad. This dual strategy has led to distinct outcomes compared to previously studied cases of forced migration of academics.
Reversing Photodynamic Therapy‐Induced Tumor Metabolic Symbiosis and Immune Evasion Delivers a Two‐Punch Attack on Tumors
Authors: Dou Rui , Wang Linbang , Zhang Jiayu , Cai Xiaomeng , Tang Jiaruo , Liu Xiaoguang , Hu Yi , Chen Jun
Published: February 2025

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an attractive approach for tumor treatment because of its precision, potent cytotoxic effect, and low risk of resistance compared to conventional cancer treatments. However, PDT consumes oxygen. The oxygen depletion effects in PDT‐treated tumor cells can elevate lactic acid production and efflux, promoting the progression of surrounding tumor cells through tumor metabolic symbiosis and promoting macrophages to M2‐type polarization for supporting tumor progression. Herein, a multifunctional nanosystem is developed for the intracellular co‐delivery of the photosensitizer (ICG), the nanozyme (iron oxide nanoparticles, MNPs), and siMCT4 (siRNA for monocarboxylate transporter 4). In tumor cells undergoing PDT, siMCT4 inhibits lactate efflux, thereby limiting extracellular lactate‐associated malignancy and immune evasion. Meanwhile, both the reduction of extracellular lactate levels and the presence of MNPs in the tumor microenvironment promote the M1‐type polarization to enhance the antitumor activity of macrophages. Furthermore, the intracellular lactic acid accumulation and M1‐type macrophage‐secreted H2O2 facilitate the MNPs‐mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Therefore, the intelligent nanosystem, IM@iPPAE@siMCT4, can regulate the intra/extracellular lactate levels and the M1‐type macrophage polarization to deliver a two‐punch attack on tumor cells. This nanosystem circumvents the problems arising from antitumor PDT.
Reimagining Sociality in the Digital Age: Transcending the Interaction/Society Dichotomy
Authors: Neri Hugo , Cordeiro Veridiana
Published: February 2025

This paper argues that digital technologies have not merely transformed social life but have made visible society's fundamental nature as operating through distinct but interconnected systems of communication. The long‐standing interaction/society dichotomy in sociological theory has constrained our understanding of social phenomena, as revealed by digital platforms, algorithmic systems and networked communications. Building on Luhmann's systems theory while engaging with contemporary digital sociology, we develop a theoretical synthesis that reconceptualizes how society operates through autonomous but structurally coupled systems of communication. This framework explains phenomena that resist traditional sociological analysis, from content moderation controversies to algorithmic bias, by showing how different systems process the same events according to distinct operational criteria while remaining interconnected. By moving beyond attempts to bridge micro/macro divisions or reconcile structure/agency dualities, we offer a more fundamental understanding of how society operates in both digital and non‐digital contexts, positioning sociology as part of the scientific system developing productive resonances with other social systems.
Intrapersonal Interactions on Social Media: Self‐Curatorship within the Museum of Self
Authors: Zhao Sicong
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the intrapersonal dimension of social media use through an analysis of Chinese indie music enthusiasts' digital practices, exploring how individuals engage in self‐oriented social media activities for documenting, reflecting, and constructing the self. Through interviews and online ethnography, the study uncovers three key aspects: social media serves as a digital platform for self‐documentation and self‐reflection, forming the basis for digital intrapersonal interactions; the act of posting self‐oriented content is a pivotal moment for intrapersonal interactions, facilitating transition and integration between the “I” and the “me”; and intrapersonal interaction on social media demonstrates temporal dynamics in self‐construction processes, interweaving past, present, and future selves. Drawing from this empirical investigation, the study proposes concepts of museum of self and self‐curatorship to capture the unique nature of self‐oriented social media practices. The study aims to bridge the gap between the multi‐faceted understanding of self‐construction in symbolic interactionism and the lack of attention to intrapersonal interactions in social media research. It contributes to the ongoing dialogue within symbolic interactionism by further extending its framework into digital research, providing new insights into the processes of understanding and constructing the self in a digitally mediated era and highlighting the constructive interactions within an individual.
Two‐Stage Approach to Small‐Object Detection
Authors: Yu Mingrui , Leung Henry
Published: February 2025

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are increasingly finding applications in civilian and commercial sectors. The utilization of machine learning techniques in UAS image analysis significantly advances target detection and tracking algorithms. In the field of systems engineering, the integration of advanced object detection techniques within UAS represents a pivotal advancement. However, existing object detection and tracking systems encounter challenges when applied to aerial object detection, primarily due to the rapid changes and rotations of obstacles within the UAS's field of view during flight. This paper proposes a fast and accurate real‐time small object detection system based on a two‐stage architecture. Our solution addresses the challenges of small object detection by integrating traditional target detection with deep learning techniques. Specifically, it employs conventional background subtraction and deep learning algorithms to obtain initial detection boxes. Subsequently, we utilize target tracking techniques to refine and enhance the accuracy of the final detection results. By seamlessly integrating traditional and deep learning methods within a two‐stage architecture, our system effectively captures the dynamic nature of UAS flights, demonstrating improved accuracy and efficiency in small object detection. We evaluated our approach on small object datasets, and experimental results show that the proposed method enhances aerial object detection performance compared to conventional approaches. This research contributes to ongoing efforts to advance UAS applications across various domains. And by demonstrating the efficacy of our integrated approach, this research underscores the role of systems engineering in enhancing UAS capabilities.
A revised typification of the Linnaean name Urena procumbens (Malvaceae: Malvoideae)
Authors: Ferrer‐Gallego P. Pablo
Published: February 2025

The typification of the Linnaean name Urena procumbens (Malvaceae) is revisited. This name was lectotypified on a specimen in LINN. However, while the lectotype is original material, it lacks sufficient provenance information to unambiguously be recognized as a syntype through the citation of a collector and locality in the protologue. Therefore, it does not compete equally with a specimen in SBT that belongs to a gathering that was cited in the protologue and is a syntype. The current lectotype in LINN is overturned and is replaced with the specimen in SBT.