bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enacting autism: Immigrant family negotiations with nosology in practice
Authors: Pondé Milena Pereira , Bassi Arcand Francesca Maria Niccoletta , Cunha Litza Andrade , Rousseau Cécile
Published: December 2018

This article describes how autism spectrum disorder is experienced in the context of immigrant families and how the meaning of this condition, proposed by professionals in the host country, is negotiated between families and healthcare providers. The study sample consists of 44 parents of different nationalities and their 35 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) living in a socioeconomically deprived neighborhood of Montreal, Canada. Individual parent interviews were audiotaped and transcribed for subsequent analysis. Results suggest that – although they may sometimes be a source of anxiety – the uncertainties regarding the etiology of ASD, as well as the gap between the explanatory models (EMs) proposed by host country professionals and the impressions of parents, seem to increase the capacity of families to resist the imposition of what they perceive as external categories. Parents perceived the day-to-day difficulties associated with their child's condition as a form of social exclusion that compromised their child's future and independence. These day-to-day difficulties were also described as directly affecting the parents' social life, constituting an important emotional and physical burden. When talking about their children, parents described the painfulness of their experiences, but also discussed how their autistic child had transformed and shaped their lives. Overall, these results show how the disease is “enacted” in the day-to-day life of parents; and suggest that such an embodied understanding of ASD may sometimes represent a form of re-appropriation of power by families faced with adversity.
‘Vox Twitterati’: Investigating the effects of social media exemplars in online news articles
Authors: Ross Andrew R N , Dumitrescu Delia
Published: December 2018

There is a growing trend among online news outlets to include Twitter posts as an equivalent to the traditional “vox pop” or “man-on-the-street” interview. Media effects research has documented the ability of vox pops to influence consumer perceptions of news issues within the traditional media environment, but there is limited research on the possible effects that including social media exemplars as vox pops within editorially curated articles might have on issue perceptions. Drawing on the exemplification effects literature to inform the experimental design, we conduct two studies on two topics of either low or high national salience and find strong evidence that vox pop tweets can influence perceptions of public opinion and, indirectly, readers’ own opinions on an issue. Results are discussed in light of implications for journalistic practice, media effects research and the wider democratic process.
Experimental analysis of steel joints bonded with automotive grade hot setting structural adhesives
Authors: Morano C , Musiari F , Moroni F , Spennacchio GD , Lonardo D Di , Alfano M
Published: December 2018

Recent trends in car body manufacturing indicate that the use of a consistent mix of lightweight materials in conjunction with adhesive bonding, not only allows substantial weight reduction, but can also drive down costs and potentially enables more intelligent designs. Yet, presently, it is highly desirable that the introduction of structural adhesives is made with minimum impact on the automotive body framing systems. Adhesives commonly deployed in car body production (i.e. body-in-white) are applied without any prior surface preparation and final curing is carried out during the baking process that follows the electrophoretic coating. Several structural adhesives have been tailored to the conditions dictated by the automotive production process. The aim of this work is to assess the mechanical properties of adhesive joints bonded with automotive grade hot setting epoxy adhesives employed for the assembly of frame and panels. Single-lap and T-joints were fabricated and adhesive hardening was carried out following the typical curing cycle employed in the process chain of automobile production. The resulting mechanical properties were assessed before and after exposure to a standard accelerated thermal cycling under controlled humidity. The evaluation of the mechanical behavior was done through a combination of testing and analysis, which included the assessment of fracture surfaces using optical microscopy to resolve the locus of failure.
Between empowerment and discipline: Practicing contractualism in social work
Authors: Solvang Ida M , Juritzen Truls I
Published: December 2018

As a contemporary development in welfare policy, contractualism stipulates discretionary rights and obligations for each client, some of whom are quite vulnerable. The contractual design promotes empowerment, but entails sanctions for non-compliance. This article investigates how rationales of empowerment and discipline shape social work practice and uses a Foucauldian governmentality perspective to investigate interrelations between political objectives and individual practices. Two contrasting cases are used to explicate how rationales of empowerment and discipline simultaneously operate in social work within the contractual design.

Findings

With its emphasis on clients’ responsibility and empowerment, contractualism is a subtle yet efficient mode of governance, but disciplinary actions both rely on and undermine objectives of empowerment.

Applications

Social workers and clients must manoeuvre complexities as they exert empowering and disciplinary practices. These rationales of governance should be explicit and subject to professional and ethical considerations in the same way as other forms of professional authority directed at reliant, vulnerable clients.
The adult–child coach in television commercials
Authors: Davidson Shosh , Ribak Rivka
Published: December 2018

This article reflects upon the cultural logic of television commercials in which children promote products for adult use. Studies of ads that assume traditional family structures inform our exploration of the adult–child reversal that these texts depict. A close reading of 26 commercials broadcast on Israeli television during 2012–2017 identifies three narratives: in the subordinate worker, adults take orders from middle-class children; in the illiterate father, fathers rely on the literacy of their children; and in the shortsighted investor, adults learn from child financial coachers how to plan for the future. Drawing on Goffman’s observations on generational hierarchies, we distinguish the first and second “carnivalesque” narratives, embedded in conceivable scenarios, from the third, improbable, “simulacrum” narrative, which uses children to infuse neoliberalism’s ambiguous fluidity with efficacy and hope. Dismissing precarity, the adult–child financial coacher is emblem of the entrepreneurial self: direct, realizing, bold, and forever young.
‘Overjoyed that I can go outside’: Using walking interviews to learn about the lived experience and meaning of neighbourhood for people living with dementia
Authors: Odzakovic Elzana , Hellström Ingrid , Ward Richard , Kullberg Agneta
Published: December 2018

This study explores the relationships between people living with dementia and their neighbourhood as they venture out from home on a regular and often routine basis. Here, we report findings from the Swedish field site of an international 5-year project: Neighbourhoods: our people, our places. The aims of this study were to investigate the lived experience of the neighbourhood for people with dementia and through this to better understand the meaning that neighbourhood held for the participants. In this study, we focus on the walking interviews which were conducted with 14 community-dwelling people with dementia (11 men and 3 women) and were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological method. Four themes were revealed from these interviews: life narratives embedded within neighbourhood; the support of selfhood and wellbeing through movement; the neighbourhood as an immediate social context; and restorative connections to nature. These themes were distilled into the ‘essence’ of what neighbourhood meant for the people we interviewed: A walkable area of subjective significance and social opportunity in which to move freely and feel rejuvenated. We have found that the neighbourhood for community-dwelling people with dementia holds a sense of attachment and offers the potential for freedom of movement. Our research indicates that a dementia diagnosis doesn’t necessarily reduce this freedom of movement. The implications for practice and policy are considered: future research should explore and pay closer attention to the diverse living conditions of people living with dementia, and not least the particular challenges faced by people living alone with dementia.
Processing Escape Mechanisms Through Altered Proteasomal Cleavage of Epitopes Affect Immune Response in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Wessolly Michael , Walter Robert F. H. , Vollbrecht Claudia , Werner Robert , Borchert Sabrina , Schmeller Jan , Mairinger Elena , Herold Thomas , Streubel Anna , Christoph Daniel C. , Eberhardt Wilfried E. E. , Kollmeier Jens , Mairinger Thomas , Schmid Kurt W. , Wohlschlaeger Jeremias , Hager Thomas , Mairinger Fabian D.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibition, is one of the most sophisticated approaches in cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibition has already been successfully applied for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and various other entities. Unfortunately, 60% of the cases show signs of therapy resistance. Additionally, a proportion of cases shows initial insensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibition. We consider a novel escape mechanism in association with deficient proteasomal epitope processing to be one prominent reason for initial insensitivity and therapy resistance. Therefore, we aim to identify mutations in association with these so-called processing escapes, in a highly diverse collective of pulmonary neuroendocrine lung tumors.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy representative tumor specimens of pulmonary neuroendocrine lung tumors were analyzed retrospectively via immunohistochemical detection of CD4, CD8, CD68, and CD20 as well as programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 for tumor immune infiltration and composition. Afterward, samples were screened for alterations in 48 genes, including 221 known mutational hotspots by massive parallel sequencing using the Illumina TruSeq Amplicon-Cancer Panel. For prediction of proteasomal cleavage probabilities, an R implementation of the machine learning tool NetChop 3.1 was utilized.

Results:

Immune cell infiltration of different compositions could be found in the majority of tumors. Deficient epitope processing was revealed to be a common event in those with steady distribution across all different subtypes. Despite immune infiltration, no significant antitumor response could be detected.

Conclusion:

Since it is widely acknowledged that tumors need to avoid the immune system to ensure their survival, processing escapes should already be present during primary tumor development. In line, processing escapes can be found in all tumors, regardless of subtype and mutational burden. Furthermore, there is solid evidence that processing escapes have a negative impact on the antitumor activity of tumor infiltrating immune cells.
Race, Displacement, and the Public Intellectual
Authors: Ocampo Anthony C.
Published: December 2018

Anthony Ocampo interviews public intellectual Viet Thanh Nguyen.
Insurgent Political Networks and Electoral Mobilization
Authors: Xiong Yang Sao
Published: December 2018

The election on Mee Moua, the first U.S. Hmong legislator, illustrations the transformation of ethnic capital into resistance capital.
Losing Memories, Preserving White Morality
Authors: Underhill Megan R.
Published: December 2018

Megan R. Underhill on Whitewashing the South.
Playing Foreign and Building Community at Deer Park
Authors: Nakano Dana Y.
Published: December 2018

Dana Nakano on sansei teens forging belonging from the illusion of foreignness.
Clothing Resistance
Authors: Arús María A. Cabrera
Published: December 2018

María A. Cabrera Arús on Emma González’s sartorial symbolism.
Stop Forgetting Asian Americans
Authors: Ocampo Anthony C.
Published: December 2018

Anthony Ocampo on sociology’s blind spot: Asian Americans.
Of Parachutes and Participant Protection: Moving Beyond Quality to Advance Effective Research Ethics Oversight
Authors: Lynch Holly Fernandez , Nicholls Stuart , Meyer Michelle N. , Taylor Holly A. ,   For the Consortium to Advance Effective Research Ethics Oversight (AEREO)
Published: December 2018

There are several reasons to believe that Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and Human Research Protection Programs (HRPPs) contribute to ethical research and the protection of research participants, but there are also important reasons to interrogate this belief. Determining whether IRBs and HRPPs “work” requires empirical evaluation of whether and how well they actually achieve what they were designed to do. In other words, it is critical to examine their outcomes and not only their procedures and structures. In this response to Tsan, we argue that the concept of IRB and HRPP quality entails three dimensions: (1) effectiveness, (2) procedures and structures likely to promote effectiveness, and (3) features unrelated to effectiveness but nonetheless essential, such as efficiency, fairness, and proportionality. Because not all types of quality necessarily guarantee or entail effectiveness, we suggest that broad quality assessments, including such features as regulatory compliance and other procedural measures suggested by Tsan, are unhelpful as the first step in evaluating IRBs and HRPPs. Instead, we must start with outcomes relevant to effectiveness. To do this, we launched the Consortium to Advance Effective Research Ethics Oversight (AEREO), with a mission to define and specify ways to measure relevant outcomes for research ethics oversight, empirically evaluate whether those outcomes are achieved, test new approaches to achieving them, and ultimately, develop and implement empirically-based policy and practice to advance IRB and HRPP effectiveness. We describe several anticipated AEREO projects and call for collaboration between various stakeholders to more meaningfully evaluate IRB and HRPPs.
Transfer of an economic unit in Portugal: New regulation
Authors: Martins David Carvalho
Published: December 2018

On March 20 2018, the Portuguese regime on the transfer of an economic unit was reformed significantly (Law no. 14/2018). This paper addresses some questions arising from (i) the right to oppose the transfer of the contract position of the employer, (ii) the obligation to disclose the content of the transfer contract, (iii) the extension of the joint and several liability of the transferor, and (iv) the maintenance of the working conditions after the transfer. These amendments could recall the duty of the legislator to refrain from intervening in specific cases without taking the full picture into consideration.
EU economic governance and the right to collective bargaining. Part 1. Standard and extreme governance and the indicators and limits of the right to collective bargaining
Authors: Pecinovsky Pieter
Published: December 2018

This article is the first part of a research to the structure and legal nature of EU economic governance and its damaging impact on the right to collective bargaining during the crisis. The objective of the first part is to explain and assess the concept of EU economic governance and to develop a clear vision on the nature, content and limits of the right to collective bargaining.
Conceptualizations of Big Data and their epistemological claims in healthcare: A discourse analysis
Authors: Stevens Marthe , Wehrens Rik , de Bont Antoinette
Published: December 2018

In recent years, the healthcare field welcomed an emerging field of practices captured under the umbrella term ‘Big Data’. This term is surrounded with positive rhetoric and promises about the ability to analyse real-world data quickly and comprehensively. Such rhetoric is highly consequential in shaping debates on Big Data. While the fields of Science and Technology Studies and Critical Data Studies have been instrumental in elaborating the neglected and problematic dimensions of Big Data, it remains an open question how and to what extent such insights become embedded in other fields. In this paper, we analyse the epistemological claims that accompany Big Data in the healthcare domain. We systematically searched scientific literature and selected 206 editorials as these reflect on developments in the domain. Through an interpretive analysis, we construct five ideal-typical discourses that all frame Big Data in specific ways. Three of the discourses (the modernist, instrumentalist and pragmatist) frame Big Data in positive terms and disseminate a compelling rhetoric. Metaphors of ‘capturing’, ‘illuminating’ and ‘harnessing’ data presume that Big Data are benign and leading to valid knowledge. The scientist and critical-interpretive discourses question the objectivity and effectivity claims of Big Data. Metaphors of ‘selecting’ and ‘constructing’ data illustrate another political message, framing Big Data as limited. We conclude that work in the critical-interpretive discourse has not broadly infiltrated the medical domain. Ways to better integrate aspects of the discourse in the healthcare domain are urgently needed.
Self-report sleep quality combined with sleep time variability distinguishes differences in fatigue, anxiety, and depression in individuals with multiple sclerosis: A secondary analysis
Authors: Siengsukon Catherine F , Alshehri Mohammed , Aldughmi Mayis
Published: December 2018

Background

Nearly 70% of individuals with multiple sclerosis report sleep disturbances or poor sleep quality. Sleep disturbances may exacerbate or complicate the management of multiple sclerosis-related symptoms. While sleep variability has been associated with several health outcomes, it is unclear how sleep variability is associated with multiple sclerosis-related symptoms.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine how total sleep time variability combined with self-reported sleep quality is associated with fatigue, depression, and anxiety in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Methods

This study involved a secondary analysis of actigraphy data and questionnaires to assess sleep quality, fatigue, anxiety, and depression.

Results

There were significant differences between the Good Sleepers (good sleep quality/low sleep time variability; n=14) and Bad Sleepers (poor sleep quality/high sleep time variability; n=23) in overall fatigue ( p=0.003), cognitive ( p=0.002) and psychosocial fatigue ( p=0.01) subscales, and in trait anxiety ( p=0.007). There were significant differences in state ( p=0.004) and trait ( p=0.001) anxiety and depression ( p=0.002) between the Good Sleepers and Poor Reported Sleepers (poor sleep quality/low sleep time variability; n=24).

Conclusion

These results indicate different factors are associated with poor sleep quality in individuals with low versus high total sleep time variability. Considering the factors that are associated with sleep quality and variability may allow for better tailoring of interventions aimed at improving sleep issues or comorbid conditions.
Youth Baseball and Data Analytics: Quantifying Risk Management and Producing Neoliberal Responsible Citizenship Through the GameChanger App
Authors: Sanderson Jimmy , Baerg Andrew
Published: December 2018

Data analytics have become a significant evaluation mechanism within professional baseball to objectively quantify performance. This trend also has integrated into youth baseball through statistical applications that digitally capture and evaluate player performance. This essay examines the influence of baseball stat-tracking app GameChanger in the context of Little League Baseball and how it positions players, parents, and coaches to understand responsible citizenship through neoliberal risk management. The essay considers how risk management quantification and its accompanying development of responsible citizenship through GameChanger impact each of these stakeholder groups. As statistical evaluation becomes more commonplace in Little League Baseball, it shifts the Little League Experience into a more quantified, risk-management enterprise. In doing so, the experience becomes altered by enhancing opportunities for those players whom data suggest possess the maximum utility for production.
Exploring the relationships between urban form metrics and the vegetation biomass loss under urban expansion in China
Authors: Zhang Tong , Chen Sophia Shuang , Li Guangyu
Published: December 2018

Compact urban form has been applied as a strategy to reduce the loss of green space that occurs from development, but the impact of this policy on the provision of green space still presents many uncertainties. This research investigated the statistical relationship between urban form indicators and the loss of vegetation biomass to understand the response of quality green space provision to changes in urban morphology. A methodology combining multi-source data assimilation, statistical analysis, and spatial analysis was adopted for the Yangtze River Delta cities of China. First, six urban metrics were selected to describe the shape and layout of urban patches in each city, and the total biomass loss index was then introduced as a parameter. The values of urban metrics and total biomass loss index were calculated for the 50 Yangtze River Delta cities. Second, ordinary least squares regression and geographically weighted regression analyses were then used to establish a quantitative relationship between total biomass loss index and urban form indicators. The results revealed an extremely negative correlation between total biomass loss index and the three urban variables of Richard compactness, density gradient, and the Gini coefficient; moreover, the parameter estimates for the three variables in the geographically weighted regression model were local and varied over space. Third, the mechanisms by which the urban form influences biomass loss were discussed and different urban form planning strategies for particular urban areas were suggested. In conclusion, compact urban form in a clustered layout of urban areas with a dense central agglomeration was verified to be ecologically superior and conducive to green space protection. For the physical interpretation of the statistical relationship between urban morphology and vegetation loss, the interface effect of urban agglomeration on vegetation merits further study.
Organic geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation simulation of shallow sediments in Shaobo Lake, Eastern China
Authors: Niu Congkai , Jiang Fujie , Li Yaxi , Chen Jian , Jiang Wenli , Shi Zhengyong
Published: December 2018

We selected the two Holocene shallow surface sediments (depths of 1.42–1.48 and 1.56–1.62 m) of Shaobo Lake in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, to analyze the geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation ability of organic matter (OM) from its raw state to the formation of kerogen. We have used the Rock-Eval (RE) VI, low-temperature hydrous pyrolysis, and macerals identified under microscopy to test the whole-rock samples, as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography analysis of the pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas. The results indicate that the surface sediments had poor to fair gas-prone hydrocarbon generation potential and that the type of insoluble OM was III-IV. The macerals were dominantly vitrinite, followed by sapropelic amorphogen. Bulk geochemistry data and biomarker compositions indicated that the studied samples deposited in a lacustrine environment with suboxic to anoxic conditions and OM of mixed plankton, bacterial, and land plant origin. RE data and the biomarker index suggested that unheated and thermally simulated samples were from immaturity to just entering the maturity stage. Under the thermal simulation conditions of 250°C–450°C, a peak of pyrolysis oil appeared at 300°C, and the yield increased slowly after 350°C. At 300°C, the hydrocarbon gas (C1–C5) began to produce. As the simulated temperature increased, the yield (in volume) of the hydrocarbon gas increased exponentially and the methane content was also gradually enriched. In general, thermal simulation experiments indicated that the OM could generate slight hydrocarbon from the death of living organisms to early diagenesis.
Continuous Etomidate Infusion for the Management of Severe Cushing Syndrome: Validation of a Standard Protocol
Authors: Carroll Ty B , Peppard William J , Herrmann David J , Javorsky Bradley R , Wang Tracy S , Patel Hina , Zarnecki Katarzyna , Findling James W
Published: December 2018

Objective

Demonstrate the safety and efficacy of a standardized intravenous etomidate infusion protocol in normalizing cortisol levels in patients with severe and life-threatening hypercortisolism.

Methods

A retrospective case series of seven patients representing nine episodes of severe hypercortisolism at two large academic medical centers was conducted. Patients were included in this series if they received an etomidate infusion for the treatment of severe and life-threatening hypercortisolism. The etomidate infusion was administered via a newly developed protocol designed to safely reduce cortisol levels until more long-term medical or definitive surgical therapy could be instituted.

Results

Seven patients representing nine episodes received etomidate treatment. In eight of nine episodes of therapy, rapid control of hypercortisolemia was achieved, generally defined as a serum cortisol level of 10 to 20 µg/dL. Patients with a median baseline cortisol of 105 µg/dL (range, 32 to 245 µg/dL) achieved a median nadir serum cortisol of 15.8 µg/dL (range, 6.9 to 27 µg/dL) after a median of 38 hours (range, 26 to 134 hours).

Conclusions

A standardized continuous intravenous etomidate infusion protocol is a safe and effective means of achieving a serum cortisol level of 10 to 20 µg/dL in patients with severe hypercortisolemia.
Estimating the contribution of studies in network meta-analysis: paths, flows and streams
Authors: Papakonstantinou Theodoros , Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Rücker Gerta , Chaimani Anna , Schwarzer Guido , Egger Matthias , Salanti Georgia
Published: December 2018

In network meta-analysis, it is important to assess the influence of the limitations or other characteristics of individual studies on the estimates obtained from the network. The proportion contribution matrix, which shows how much each direct treatment effect contributes to each treatment effect estimate from network meta-analysis, is crucial in this context. We use ideas from graph theory to derive the proportion that is contributed by each direct treatment effect. We start with the ‘projection’ matrix in a two-step network meta-analysis model, called the H matrix, which is analogous to the hat matrix in a linear regression model. We develop a method to translate H entries to proportion contributions based on the observation that the rows of H can be interpreted as flow networks, where a stream is defined as the composition of a path and its associated flow. We present an algorithm that identifies the flow of evidence in each path and decomposes it into direct comparisons. To illustrate the methodology, we use two published networks of interventions. The first compares no treatment, quinolone antibiotics, non-quinolone antibiotics and antiseptics for underlying eardrum perforations and the second compares 14 antimanic drugs. We believe that this approach is a useful and novel addition to network meta-analysis methodology, which allows the consistent derivation of the proportion contributions of direct evidence from individual studies to network treatment effects.
Non-invasive visualisation and identification of fluorescent Leishmania tarentolae in infected sand flies
Authors: Diaz-Albiter Hector M. , Regnault Clément , Alpizar-Sosa Edubiel A. , McGuinness Dagmara , Barrett Michael P. , Dillon Rod J.
Published: December 2018

Background: The leishmaniases are neglected diseases that affect some of the most vulnerable populations in the tropical and sub-tropical world. The parasites are transmitted by sand flies and novel strategies to control this neglected vector-borne disease are needed. Blocking transmission by targeting the parasite inside the phlebotomine vector offers potential in this regard. Some experimental approaches can be best performed by longitudinal study of parasites within flies, for which non-destructive methods to identify infected flies and to follow parasite population changes are required.

Methods: Lutzomyia longipalpis were reared under standard insectary conditions at the Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology. Flies were artificially infected with L. tarentolae expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP. Parasite counts were carried out 5 days post-infection and the percentage of infected flies and survival of infected females was established up to days 5 post-infection. Whole living females were visualised using an epifluorescence inverted microscope to detect the presence parasites inferred by a localised green fluorescent region in the upper thorax. Confirmation of infection was performed by localised-fluorescence of dissected flies and estimates of the parasite population.

Results: Leishmania tarentolae was successfully transfected and expressed GFP in vitro. L. tarentolae-GFP Infected flies showed similar parasite populations when compared to non-transfected parasites (L. tarentolae-WT). Survival of non-infected females was higher than L. tarentolae-infected groups, (Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, p<0.05). L. tarentolae-GFP infected females displayed an intense localised fluorescence in the thorax while other specimens from the same infected group did not. Localised fluorescent flies were dissected and showed higher parasite populations compared to those that did not demonstrate high concentrations in this region (t-test, p<0.005).

Conclusion: These results demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a safe non-human infectious fluorescent Leishmania-sand fly infection model by allowing non-destructive imaging to signal the establishment of Leishmania infections in living sand flies.
GENOMIC FEATURES OF DETOXIFICATION SYSTEM OF NEWLY-ARRIVED AND INDIGENOUS POPULATION OF THE AMUR REGION
Authors: Супрун Стефания , Suprun Stefaniya , Кудряшова Оксана , Kudryashova Oksana , Наговицына Елена , Nagovitsyna E , Лебедько Ольга , Lebedko Olga
Published: December 2018

Taking into account new approaches in medicine of the 21st century (personalization, prediction, prevention and participation), biogeochemical features of the Amur region, and inhomogeneity of ethnic makeup, the purpose of the work was to determine the occurrence frequency of genes of detoxification system predisposition (glutathione S-transferases – GST) among the population of the Amur region. Ethnic and environmental components were taken into account. Risk groups of pregnant women were formed. Substantiation of a personalized approach to a set of preventive measures for the development of pathological conditions was made. Evaluation of gene polymorphism of phase II xenobiotic biotransformation (GSTT1, GSTM1) was carried out by polymerase chain reaction using diagnostic kits produced by the Center of Molecular Genetics (Moscow). 255 pregnant women of newly-arrived and indigenous population from urban areas (Khabarovsk city) and rural areas of the Amur region (Nanai district) were examined. All examined women were divided into 3 groups: 1 group – urban newcomers, representatives of the (European) Slavic race (n=128); 2 group – rural newcomers, representatives of the (European) Slavic race (n=67); 3 group – rural indigenous of the Mongoloid race (the Nanais), who represent small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation from places of traditional residence (n=60). A comparative analysis of the obtained results was carried out in the observed groups. The results were also compared with the data provided by the authors of other regions of the Russian Federation similar in climatic and geographical characteristics (Eastern, Western and Northern Siberia). An ethnic feature of the detoxification system (GSTT1 and GSTM1) of the Amur region indigenous women (nanaian women) was revealed, which is a high frequency of combined deletion polymorphism. The study not only contributes to the scientific and theoretical knowledge, but it is also the basis for the development of additional methods of prevention and correction of disorders associated with exo- and endogenous influence on women in preconception and gestational periods.
Sobre la relación entre derecho y sociedad en las investigaciones jurídica en Colombia
Authors: Orrego Fernandez David
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo realizará un balance sobre algunas investigaciones jurídicas nacionales y la relación emprendida entre derecho y sociedad; esta tendencia ha permitido superar el paradigma formalista en la enseñanza del derecho, debido a la exploración de otras disciplinas y a la ampliación de nuevos horizontes teóricos y metodológicos. Estos trabajos se pueden caracterizar por tres rasgos: en primer lugar por la superación del esquema entre estructuras económicas y superestructuras ideológicas; En segundo lugar, por la importancia que comienza a cobrar la historia para explicar las condiciones sociales de surgimiento de ciertas instituciones jurídicas y; finalmente, muchas de estas investigaciones se preguntan por el rol político del derecho y su funcionalidad, ya sea para perpetuar ejercicios de dominación, como por sus posibilidades de resistencia y emancipación.
O cuidado em saúde mental na atenção básica: uma cartografia
Authors: Santana Taís Fernanda Maimoni Contieri , Pereira Maria Alice Ornellas
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: cartografar o cotidiano do cuidado ao portador de transtorno psíquico, tendo como sujeitos os profissionais de uma unidade de saúde da família, bem como os de um núcleo de apoio à saúde da família. Método: investigação de natureza qualitativa, com participação de nove profissionais, do noroeste paulista em meados de 2013. Utilizou-se para coleta de dados o estudo de caso, o diário de campo, a entrevista semi-estruturada e o fluxograma analisador. O projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: foram apreendidos e estruturados em três territórios, sendo, neste estudo, apresentado o território do fazer; evidenciaram-se dificuldades à possibilidade da reversão do cuidado, este embasado, ainda, no modelo médico hegemônico. Conclusão: houve entraves para a efetivação do vínculo, da responsabilização e do comprometimento desses profissionais para vislumbrarem avanços no cotidiano das práticas em saúde mental, o que dificulta a reabilitação psicossocial.
Samanburður á vinnustaðamenningu stofnana og fyrirtækja
Authors: Guðlaugsson Þórhallur Örn , Aðalsteinsson Gylfi Dalmann , Guðmundsdóttir Svala
Published: December 2018

Vinnustaðamenning hefur verið mikið í umræðunni undanfarin ár. Hún getur byggst á ýmsum þáttum s.s. gildum, trú, viðhorfi starfsmanna, skynjun þeirra, sýnilegum táknum á vinnustaðnum, samskiptamynstri og hegðun. Þessi rannsókn fjallar um samanburð á vinnustaðamenningu stofnana og fyrirtækja þar sem stuðst er við aðferð Denison við að mæla vinnustaðamenningu. Spurningalistinn telur í grunninn 66 spurningar sem taka þarf afstöðu til en 60 spurningar eru notaðar til að leggja mat á vinnustaðamenninguna. Í aðferð Denison er vinnustaðamenningunni skipt í fjórar yfirvíddir þar sem hverri yfirvídd er skipt í þrjár undirvíddir. Rannsóknin byggir á 44 fyrirliggjandi greiningum á vinnustaðamenningu fyrirtækja og stofnana. Heildarfjöldi svara er 4.071. Þar af eru 1.095 frá átta stofnunum og 2.976 frá 36 fyrirtækjum. 13 mælingar áttu sér stað árin 2010 eða fyrr, 13 á árunum 2011 til 2014 og 18 á árunum 2015 eða síðar. Niðurstöður þessarar rannsóknar gefa vísbendingar um að stofnanir virðast hafa veikari vinnustaðamenningu en fyrirtæki. Mestan mun er að finna á undirvíddunum Markmið, Framtíðarsýn, Teymisvinna og Vilji til breytinga en minnsti munurinn á víddinni Gildi.
Hefur hið opinbera mótað stefnu varðandi opin vinnurými? Upplifun opinberra starfsmanna
Authors: Óladóttir Ásta Dís , Björnsdóttir Fjóla Kim
Published: December 2018

Greinin fjallar um innleiðingu opinna vinnurýma hjá hinu opinbera. Afar skiptar skoðanir eru á svokölluðum opnum vinnurýmum (e. open-plan). Meginmarkmið rannsóknarinnar er að skoða upplifun opinberra starfsmanna af jafn umfangsmiklum breytingum og þeim að flytjast í opið rými og hvernig til tókst við innleiðinguna. Þá er því velt upp hvort hið opinbera hafi mótað formlega stefnu varðandi opið vinnurými. Afar fáar innlendar rannsóknir hafa verið gerðar á upplifun starfsmanna á því að flytjast í opið vinnurými og er þetta fyrsta rannsóknin á viðhorfi opinberra starfsmanna til slíkra breytinga. Í þessari rannsókn voru valdar tvær stofnanir og tvö ráðuneyti sem nýlega hafa innleitt opin vinnurými. Könnun var send á 182 starfsmenn hjá þessum stofnunum og ráðuneytum og tóku 90 starfsmenn þátt og svöruðu spurningum um hvernig til hefði tekist við breytingarnar. Svarhlutfallið var því tæp 50%. Þá voru tekin viðtöl við stjórnendur hjá hinu opinbera varðandi það hvort stefna hafi verið mótuð fyrir innleiðingu opinna vinnurýma. Megin niðurstöður eru þær að helmingi þátttakenda líkar opnu rýmin vel en ívíð fleiri myndu kjósa hefðbundnar skrifstofur. Þrátt fyrir það telur meirihluti þeirra að minna næði sé til að sinna starfinu, hávaði hafi aukist og að dregið hafi úr einbeitingu. Þá telur þriðjungur að dregið hafi úr framleiðni. Þá hefur engin stefna verið mótuð af hálfu hins opinbera varðandi innleiðingu opinna vinnurýma.
An automated quantitative image analysis pipeline of in vivo oxidative stress and macrophage kinetics
Authors: D. Paredes Andre , Benavidez David , Cheng Jun , Mangos Steve , Donoghue Michael , Bartholomew Amelia
Published: December 2018

Macrophage behavior is of great interest in response to tissue injury and promotion of regeneration. With increasing numbers of zebrafish reporter-based assays, new capabilities now exist to characterize macrophage migration, and their responses to biochemical cues, such as reactive oxygen species. Real time detection of macrophage behavior in response to oxidative stress using quantitative measures is currently beyond the scope of commercially available software solutions, presenting a gap in understanding macrophage behavior. To address this gap, we developed an image analysis pipeline solution to provide real time quantitative measures of cellular kinetics and reactive oxygen species content in vivo after tissue injury. This approach, termed Zirmi, differs from current software solutions that may only provide qualitative, single image analysis, or cell tracking solutions. Zirmi is equipped with user-defined algorithm parameters to customize quantitative data measures with visualization checks for an analysis pipeline of time-based changes. Moreover, this pipeline leverages open-source PhagoSight, as an automated keyhole cell tracking solution, to avoid parallel developments and build upon readily available tools. This approach demonstrated standardized space- and time-based quantitative measures of (1) fluorescent probe based oxidative stress and (2) macrophage recruitment kinetic based changes after tissue injury. Zirmi image analysis pipeline performed at execution speeds up to 10-times faster than manual image-based approaches. Automated segmentation methods were comparable to manual methods with a DICE Similarity coefficient > 0.70. Zirmi provides an open-source, quantitative, and non-generic image analysis pipeline. This strategy complements current wide-spread zebrafish strategies, for automated standardizations of analysis and data measures.
Fine-fibrous cellulose II aerogels of high specific surface from pulp solutions in TBAF·H2O/DMSO
Authors: Schimper Christian B. , Pachschwoell Paul , Wendland Martin , Smid Ena , Neouze Marie-Alexandra , Nedelec Jean-Marie , Henniges Ute , Rosenau Thomas , Liebner Falk
Published: December 2018

Lightweight cellulose II aerogels featuring densities of about 40–70 mg cm−3 were prepared from 1 to 3% solutions of different pulps in hot (60°C) tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF)·H2O/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by (i) the coagulation of cellulose with EtOH to afford self-standing, transparent and homogeneous gels, (ii) gel ripening and washing, (iii) solvent exchange and (iv) supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) drying. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses confirmed that the chemical integrity of cellulose is largely preserved at short dissolution times. Dissolution of more than 2% of cellulose at a sufficiently low viscosity for solution, casting was achieved after the water content of TBAF was reduced to a value equaling that of the monohydrate. Intriguingly, the obtained aerogels featured higher specific surfaces (≤470 m2 g−1) than comparable materials prepared from other cellulose solvents. This is due to the particular morphology of TBAF aerogels, which is supposedly formed by spinodal decomposition of the cellulose/solvent mixture upon exposure to the cellulose antisolvent. As a result, largely homogeneous three-dimensional (3D) networks of agglomerated cellulose spheres were formed, which simultaneously acted as supporting scaffolds for interconnected micron-size voids. As cellulose spheres are composed of very small interwoven nanofibers, TBAF-derived aerogels contain a high portion of micropores and small amounts of mesopores, too.
Central pattern generators in the brainstem and spinal cord: an overview of basic principles, similarities and differences
Authors: Steuer Inge , Guertin Pierre A.
Published: December 2018

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are generally defined as networks of neurons capable of enabling the production of central commands, specifically controlling stereotyped, rhythmic motor behaviors. Several CPGs localized in brainstem and spinal cord areas have been shown to underlie the expression of complex behaviors such as deglutition, mastication, respiration, defecation, micturition, ejaculation, and locomotion. Their pivotal roles have clearly been demonstrated although their organization and cellular properties remain incompletely characterized. In recent years, insightful findings about CPGs have been made mainly because (1) several complementary animal models were developed; (2) these models enabled a wide variety of techniques to be used and, hence, a plethora of characteristics to be discovered; and (3) organizations, functions, and cell properties across all models and species studied thus far were generally found to be well-preserved phylogenetically. This article aims at providing an overview for non-experts of the most important findings made on CPGs in in vivo animal models, in vitro preparations from invertebrate and vertebrate species as well as in primates. Data about CPG functions, adaptation, organization, and cellular properties will be summarized with a special attention paid to the network for locomotion given its advanced level of characterization compared with some of the other CPGs. Similarities and differences between these networks will also be highlighted.
“Authentically Disney, distinctly Chinese” and faintly American: The emotional branding of Disneyland in Shanghai
Authors: Cheung Ming , McCarthy William
Published: December 2018

Since the 1980s Disney has opened a new overseas theme park every decade. After finding success in Tokyo in 1983, subsequent parks in Paris and Hong Kong have struggled to profit financially and connect culturally with locals. For Shanghai in 2016, Disney utilized a new discourse for the parkʼs development and configuration termed “authentically Disney, distinctly Chinese.” In this paper, Disneyʼs emotional branding strategy for Shanghai Disneyland is analyzed using a framework of five antecedents for creating affective attachment to brands. In addition, the pragmatics of the dyadic phrase and the intertextuality of the parkʼs composition demonstrate that unlike previous international Disneylands, Disney blurred and removed cultural and contextual references to America from Shanghai in an effort to achieve resonance with Chinese visitors. The result is Chinaʼs Disneyland, not Disneyland in China. Though Shanghaiʼs revenue and attendance figures are good so far, Disney will likely face challenges to its new emotional branding strategy from within China and the US.
La legitimidad de la prisión permanente revisable a la vista del estándar europeo y nacional
Authors: García Pérez Octavio
Published: December 2018

El artículo se plantea la cuestión de si la regulación de la prisión permanente revisable en España es compatible con el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos y la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Para ello analiza el estándar que la jurisprudencia del TEDH ha fijado para la cadena perpetua. También se estudian los criterios establecidos por el Tribunal Constitucional para el sistema de penas, lo cual es relevante de cara a la cláusula de no regresión establecida en el art. 53 del Convenio.
Relación del síndrome metabólico con la periodontitis: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Vargas María Fernanda , Contreras Shirley Dayana , Rodríguez Yerly Carolina , Amaya Bautista Claudia , Angarita Esther Carolina
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: analizar la relación del síndrome metabólico con la periodontitis a través de una revisión sistemática.Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática soportada en artículos científicos, principalmente de estudios de casos y controles, en cuatro bases de datos, teniendo en cuenta variables que permitieran identificar la relación existente entre el síndrome metabólico y la enfermedad periodontal.Resultados: en total se encontraron 322artículosen las bases de datos, de los cuales cinco artículos cumplían con los criterios de inclusión con un grado de coincidencia de 66,6%. De los 5 artículos, dos de ellos estudiaron la influencia del síndrome metabólico sobre la periodontitis, valorando variables como profundidad de surco, sangrado al sondaje, índice gingival, reabsorción ósea, índice de placa, pérdida de inserción - nivel de inserción y los otros tres artículos estudiaron la influencia de la periodontitis sobre el síndrome metabólico, teniendo en cuenta variables como la presencia de ciertos patógenos periodontales, valores de glucosa, índice de masa corporal, presión sanguínea, triglicéridos, lipoproteína de alta y baja densidad (HDL-LDL) y factores inflamatorios.Conclusión: se establece que el síndrome metabólico (SM) y la periodontitis tienen una relación recíproca, ya que cuando los estudios valoraban la influencia del SM sobre la periodontitis o la influencia de la periodontitis sobre el síndrome metabólico (SM), en ambas situaciones se encontró asociación estrecha entre ellos, al obtener valores de odds ratio (OR) mayores a 1 en las variables influyentes.