bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIVISION G COMMISSION 35: STELLAR CONSTITUTION
Authors: Limongi Marco , Lattanzio John C. , Charbonnel Corinne , Dominguez Inma , Isern Jordi , Karakas Amanda , Leitherer Claus , Marconi Marcella , Shaviv Giora , van Loon Jacco
Published: April 2016

Commission 35 (C35), “Stellar Constitution”, consists of members of the International Astronomical Union whose research spans many aspects of theoretical and observational stellar physics and it is mainly focused on the comprehension of the properties of stars, stellar populations and galaxies. The number of members of C35 increased progressively over the last ten years and currently C35 comprises about 400 members. C35 was part of Division IV (Stars) until 2014 and then became part of Division G (Stars and Stellar Physics), after the main IAU reorganisation in 2015. Four Working Groups have been created over the years under Division IV, initially, and Division G later: WG on Active B Stars, WG on Massive Stars, WG on Abundances in Red Giant and WG on Chemically Peculiar and Related Stars. In the last decade the Commission had 4 presidents, Wojciech Dziembowski (2003-2006), Francesca D'Antona (2006-2009), Corinne Charbonnel (2009-2012) and Marco Limongi (2012-2015), who were assisted by an Organizing Committee (OC), usually composed of about 10 members, all of them elected by the C35 members and holding their positions for three years. The C35 webpage (http://iau-c35.stsci.edu) has been designed and continuously maintained by Claus Leitherer from the Space Telescope Institute, who deserves our special thanks. In addition to the various general information on the Commission structure and activities, it contains links to various resources, of interest for the members, such as stellar models, evolutionary tracks and isochrones, synthetic stellar populations, stellar yields and input physics (equation of state, nuclear cross sections, opacity tables), provided by various groups. The main activity of the C35 OC is that of evaluating, ranking and eventually supporting the proposals for IAU sponsored meetings. In the last decade the Commission has supported several meetings focused on topics more or less relevant to C35. Since the primary aim of this document is to present the main activity of C35 over the last ten years, in the following we present some scientific highlights that emerged from the most relevant IAU Symposia and meetings supported and organized by C35 in the last decade.
DIVISION G COMMISSION 42: CLOSE BINARY STARS
Authors: Richards Mercedes T. , Pribulla Theodor , Ribas Ignasi , Bradstreet David H. , Dreschsel Horst , Maceroni Carla , Mikolajewska Joanna , Munari Ulisse , Prsa Andrej , Scharfe Colin , Southworth John , Trimble Virginia
Published: April 2016

Commission 42 began life as Photometric Double Stars in 1948 at the 7th General Assembly in Zurich, under the presidency of Zdenek Kopal. As early as 1961, then General Secretary Lukas Plaut recommended a merger between C42 and C26, Double Stars, one of the original 32 commissions going back to 1919-22 (first president Aitken, assistant director at Lick). C42 became Close Binary Stars in 1970, at the 14th GA in Brighton (the first one I attended). Table 1 shows the presidents of C42, and vice presidents, from when the office started, through the history of the Commission.
HIGHLIGHTS OF COMMISSION 37 SCIENCE RESULTS
Authors: Carraro Giovanni , de Grijs Richard , Elmegreen Bruce , Stetson Peter , Anthony-Twarog Barbara , Goodwin Simon , Geisler Douglas , Minniti Dante
Published: April 2016

It is widely accepted that stars do not form in isolation but result from the fragmentation of molecular clouds, which in turn leads to star cluster formation. Over time, clusters dissolve or are destroyed by interactions with molecular clouds or tidal stripping, and their members become part of the general field population. Star clusters are thus among the basic building blocks of galaxies. In turn, star cluster populations, from young associations and open clusters to old globulars, are powerful tracers of the formation, assembly, and evolutionary history of their parent galaxies. Although their importance (e.g., in mapping out the Milky Way) had been recognised for decades, major progress in this area has only become possible in recent years, both for Galactic and extragalactic cluster populations. Star clusters are the observational foundation for stellar astrophysics and evolution, provide essential tracers of galactic structure, and are unique stellar dynamical environments. Star formation, stellar structure, stellar evolution, and stellar nucleosynthesis continue to benefit and improve tremendously from the study of these systems. Additionally, fundamental quantities such as the initial mass function can be successfully derived from modelling either the Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams or the integrated velocity structures of, respectively, resolved and unresolved clusters and cluster populations. Star cluster studies thus span the fields of Galactic and extragalactic astrophysics, while heavily affecting our detailed understanding of the process of star formation in dense environments. This report highlights science results of the last decade in the major fields covered by IAU Commission 37: Star clusters and associations. Instead of focusing on the business meeting - the out-going president presentation can be found here:http://www.sc.eso.org/gcarraro/splinter2015.pdf- this legacy report contains highlights of the most important scientific achievements in the Commission science area, compiled by 5 well expert members.
DIVISION G COMMISSION 21: GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUNDS RADIATION
Authors: Murthy Jayant , Witt Adolf , Baggaley W. Jack , Dwek Eli , Levasseur-Regourd Anny-Chantal , Mann Ingrid , Mattila Kalevi , Watanabe Jun-ichi
Published: April 2016

Commission 21 was one of the oldest and smallest in the IAU yet one which underwent the most evolution since its inception. It began in 1955 as Light of the Night Sky (Lumière du Ciel Nocturne) under the Presidentship of Jean Dufay (University Observatory at Lyon). As the name suggested, in the years before space observations, its focus was on observations of atmospheric light which, at the time, was the domain of astronomers. Thus the early proceedings of the Commission were dominated by reports of the daytime and nighttime emission as observed from different locations and different conditions. Our knowledge of the Earth's atmosphere is still shaped by these early observations (Meier R.R., 1991, Space Sci. Rev. 58, 1). Members of Commission 21 were key to organizing interational collaborations to set up atmospheric stations at different latitudes, including in the Souther hemisphere and in ensuring a consistent calibration between the instruments. The Commission also bought in results from Soviet scientists in an era where communication was limited by both politics and language.
Conceptualizing humanity in the English School
Authors: Gallagher Adrian
Published: April 2016

The article advances three options to create new ways for thinking about humanity. First,reject humanityand view interconnectedness as state centric rather than human centric, with international law upheld as the bedrock institution of international society. Second,thin humanityputs forward a reductionist view that the value of humankind lies in the human worth of its members – human beings. In short, humanity is the sum of its parts. Third,thick humanity, which views humankind as an independent value in its own right. From this perspective, the value of humanity lies in its ubiquity, which reveals that it is not just more, it is different, to the sum of its parts. It is important to note that this is not a purely theoretical issue. One’s view of humanity shapes one’s view of whether citizens of one state should care for the citizens of another, which lies at the heart of contemporary debates over issues such as the responsibility to protect, human security, and redistributive justice. In so doing, the article speaks to broader debates on humanity that reflects the need for greater interdisciplinary research in the future.
Low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight in African children aged between 0 and 5 years old: a systematic review
Authors: Tchamo M. E. , Prista A. , Leandro C. G.
Published: April 2016

Low birth weight (LBW<2500), very low birth weight (VLBW<1500), extremely low birth weight (ELBW<1500) infants are at high risk for growth failure that result in delayed development. Africa is a continent that presents high rates of children born with LBW, VLBW and ELBW particularly sub-Saharan Africa. To review the existing literature that explores the repercussions of LBW, VLBW and ELBW on growth, neurodevelopmental outcome and mortality in African children aged 0–5 years old. A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles using Academic Search Complete in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus and Scholar Google. Quantitatives studies that investigated the association between LBW, VLBW, ELBW with growth, neurodevelopmental outcome and mortality, published between 2008 and 2015 were included. African studies with humans were eligible for inclusion. From the total of 2205 articles, 12 articles were identified as relevant and were subsequently reviewed in full version. Significant associations were found between LBW, VLBW and ELBW with growth, neurodevelopmental outcome and mortality. Surviving VLBW and ELBW showed increased risk of death, growth retardation and delayed neurodevelopment. Post-neonatal interventions need to be carried out in order to minimize the short-term effects of VLBW and ELBW.
Das Erleben der Kunsttherapiegruppe aus PatientInnen- und TherapeutInnensicht
Authors: Ganter-Argast Christiane , Zipfel Stephan
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird eine Studie vorgestellt, die Erlebensdimensionen der Kunsttherapiegruppe aus PatientInnen- und TherapeutInnensicht untersucht. Es werden zum einen erste Ergebnisse der neu entwickelten Fragebögen Erleben der Kunsttherapiegruppe aus PatientInnen- (FEKTP) und aus TherapeutInnensicht (FEKTTH) präsentiert. Hierfür wurden n = 133 PatientInnen befragt. Ausgangspunkt der Fragebogenkonstruktion waren die Wirkfaktoren von Grawe (2005) und Yalom (1985) . Einige Ergebnisse dieses quantitativen Forschungsansatzes werden in Bezug gesetzt zu den Resultaten aus einem qualitativen, halbstandardisiertem Interview mit einer an Anorexia nervosa erkrankten Patientin. Die Patientin wurde nach ihrem Erleben in der Kunsttherapiegruppe befragt. Das kunsttherapeutische Dokumentationssystem DoKuPro ( Elbing, Hölzer, Danner-Weinberger & Wietersheim, 2009 ) präsentiert aus Therapeutensicht den kunsttherapeutischen Therapieverlauf dieser Patientin.
Teens and Scientists Come Together at Science Cafés
Authors: Mayhew Michael , Hall Michelle
Published: April 2016

"Science cafés" bring scientists and the public together for relaxed conversation in restaurants and coffee shops. The Teen Science Café Network shows that the concept isn't just for adults.
Tor forms a dimer through an N-terminal helical solenoid with a complex topology
Authors: Baretić Domagoj , Berndt Alex , Ohashi Yohei , Johnson Christopher M. , Williams Roger L.
Published: April 2016

The target of rapamycin (Tor) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that regulates a range of anabolic and catabolic processes. Tor is present in two complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, in which the Tor–Lst8 heterodimer forms a common sub-complex. We have determined the cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structure of Tor bound to Lst8. Two Tor–Lst8 heterodimers assemble further into a dyad-symmetry dimer mediated by Tor–Tor interactions. The first 1,300 residues of Tor form a HEAT repeat-containing α-solenoid with four distinct segments: a highly curved 800-residue N-terminal 'spiral', followed by a 400-residue low-curvature 'bridge' and an extended ‘railing’ running along the bridge leading to the 'cap' that links to FAT region. This complex topology was verified by domain insertions and offers a new interpretation of the mTORC1 structure. The spiral of one TOR interacts with the bridge of another, which together form a joint platform for the Regulatory Associated Protein of TOR (RAPTOR) regulatory subunit.
Augmenting drug–carrier compatibility improves tumour nanotherapy efficacy
Authors: Zhao Yiming , Fay François , Hak Sjoerd , Manuel Perez-Aguilar Jose , Sanchez-Gaytan Brenda L. , Goode Brandon , Duivenvoorden Raphaël , de Lange Davies Catharina , Bjørkøy Astrid , Weinstein Harel , Fayad Zahi A. , Pérez-Medina Carlos , Mulder Willem J. M.
Published: April 2016

A major goal of cancer nanotherapy is to use nanoparticles as carriers for targeted delivery of anti-tumour agents. The drug–carrier association after intravenous administration is essential for efficient drug delivery to the tumour. However, a large number of currently available nanocarriers are self-assembled nanoparticles whose drug-loading stability is critically affected by thein vivoenvironment. Here we usedin vivoFRET imaging to systematically investigate how drug–carrier compatibility affects drug release in a tumour mouse model. We found the drug’s hydrophobicity and miscibility with the nanoparticles are two independent key parameters that determine its accumulation in the tumour. Next, we applied these findings to improve chemotherapeutic delivery by augmenting the parent drug’s compatibility; as a result, we achieved better antitumour efficacy. Our results help elucidate nanomedicines’in vivofate and provide guidelines for efficient drug delivery.
RAS signalling through PI3-Kinase controls cell migration via modulation of Reelin expression
Authors: Castellano Esther , Molina-Arcas Miriam , Krygowska Agata Adelajda , East Philip , Warne Patricia , Nicol Alastair , Downward Julian
Published: April 2016

RAS signalling through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-Kinase) has been shown to have an essential role in tumour initiation and maintenance. RAS also regulates cell motility and tumour invasiveness, but the role of direct RAS binding to PI3-Kinase in this remains uncertain. Here, we provide evidence that disruption of RAS interaction with PI3-Kinase p110α decreases cell motility and prevents activation of Rac GTPase. Analysis of gene expression in cells lacking RAS interaction with p110α reveals increased levels of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein Reelin and activation of its downstream pathway resulting in upregulation of E-cadherin expression. Induction of the Reelin/E-cadherin axis is also observed in Kras mutant lung tumours that are regressing due to blockade of RAS interaction with PI3-Kinase. Furthermore, loss of Reelin correlates with decreased survival of lung and breast cancer patients. Reelin thus plays a role in restraining RAS and PI3-kinase promotion of cell motility and potentially tumour metastasis.
Fast and sensitive taxonomic classification for metagenomics with Kaiju
Authors: Menzel Peter , Ng Kim Lee , Krogh Anders
Published: April 2016

Metagenomics emerged as an important field of research not only in microbial ecology but also for human health and disease, and metagenomic studies are performed on increasingly larger scales. While recent taxonomic classification programs achieve high speed by comparing genomic k-mers, they often lack sensitivity for overcoming evolutionary divergence, so that large fractions of the metagenomic reads remain unclassified. Here we present the novel metagenome classifier Kaiju, which finds maximum (in-)exact matches on the protein-level using the Burrows–Wheeler transform. We show in a genome exclusion benchmark that Kaiju classifies reads with higher sensitivity and similar precision compared with current k-mer-based classifiers, especially in genera that are underrepresented in reference databases. We also demonstrate that Kaiju classifies up to 10 times more reads in real metagenomes. Kaiju can process millions of reads per minute and can run on a standard PC. Source code and web server are available at http://kaiju.binf.ku.dk.
Magnetic hyperbolic optical metamaterials
Authors: Kruk Sergey S. , Wong Zi Jing , Pshenay-Severin Ekaterina , O'Brien Kevin , Neshev Dragomir N. , Kivshar Yuri S. , Zhang Xiang
Published: April 2016

Strongly anisotropic media where the principal components of electric permittivity or magnetic permeability tensors have opposite signs are termed as hyperbolic media. Such media support propagating electromagnetic waves with extremely large wave vectors exhibiting unique optical properties. However, in all artificial and natural optical materials studied to date, the hyperbolic dispersion originates solely from the electric response. This restricts material functionality to one polarization of light and inhibits free-space impedance matching. Such restrictions can be overcome in media having components of opposite signs for both electric and magnetic tensors. Here we present the experimental demonstration of the magnetic hyperbolic dispersion in three-dimensional metamaterials. We measure metamaterial isofrequency contours and reveal the topological phase transition between the elliptic and hyperbolic dispersion. In the hyperbolic regime, we demonstrate the strong enhancement of thermal emission, which becomes directional, coherent and polarized. Our findings show the possibilities for realizing efficient impedance-matched hyperbolic media for unpolarized light.
Phosphorylation modifies the molecular stability of β-amyloid deposits
Authors: Rezaei-Ghaleh Nasrollah , Amininasab Mehriar , Kumar Sathish , Walter Jochen , Zweckstetter Markus
Published: April 2016

Protein aggregation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases. A key feature of protein aggregates is their ubiquitous modification by phosphorylation. Little is known, however, about the molecular consequences of phosphorylation of protein aggregates. Here we show that phosphorylation of β-amyloid at serine 8 increases the stability of its pathogenic aggregates against high-pressure and SDS-induced dissociation. We further demonstrate that phosphorylation results in an elevated number of hydrogen bonds at the N terminus of β-amyloid, the region that is critically regulated by a variety of post-translational modifications. Because of the increased lifetime of phosphorylated β-amyloid aggregates, phosphorylation can promote the spreading of β-amyloid in Alzheimer pathogenesis. Our study suggests that regulation of the molecular stability of protein aggregates by post-translational modifications is a crucial factor for disease progression in the brain.
Establishment of clival chordoma cell line MUG-CC1 and lymphoblastoid cells as a model for potential new treatment strategies
Authors: Gellner Verena , Tomazic Peter Valentin , Lohberger Birgit , Meditz Katharina , Heitzer Ellen , Mokry Michael , Koele Wolfgang , Leithner Andreas , Liegl-Atzwanger Bernadette , Rinner Beate
Published: April 2016

Chordomas are rare malignant tumors that develop from embryonic remnants of the notochord and arise only in the midline from the clivus to the sacrum. Surgery followed by radiotherapy is the standard treatment. As chordomas are resistant to standard chemotherapy, further treatment options are urgently needed. We describe the establishment of a clivus chordoma cell line, MUG-CC1. The cell line is characterized according to its morphology, immunohistochemistry and growth kinetics. During establishment, cell culture supernatants were collected and the growth factors HGF, SDF-1, FGF2 and PDGF analyzed using xMAP® technology. A spontaneous lymphoblastoid EBV-positive cell line was also developed and characterized. MUG-CC1 is strongly positive for brachyury, cytokeratin and S100. The cell line showed gains of the entire chromosomes 7, 8, 12, 13, 16, 18 and 20 and high level gains on chromosomes 1q21–1q24 and 17q21–17q25. During cultivation, there was significant expression of HGF and SDF-1 compared to continuous chordoma cell lines. A new, well-characterized clival chordoma cell line, as well as a non-tumorigenic lymphoblastoid cell line should serve as an in vitro model for the development of potential new treatment strategies for patients suffering from this disease.
Identification of pesticide varieties by testing microalgae using Visible/Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging technology
Authors: Shao Yongni , Jiang Linjun , Zhou Hong , Pan Jian , He Yong
Published: April 2016

In our study, the feasibility of using visible/near infrared hyperspectral imaging technology to detect the changes of the internal components of Chlorella pyrenoidosa so as to determine the varieties of pesticides (such as butachlor, atrazine and glyphosate) at three concentrations (0.6 mg/L, 3 mg/L, 15 mg/L) was investigated. Three models (partial least squares discriminant analysis combined with full wavelengths, FW-PLSDA; partial least squares discriminant analysis combined with competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm, CARS-PLSDA; linear discrimination analysis combined with regression coefficients, RC-LDA) were built by the hyperspectral data of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to find which model can produce the most optimal result. The RC-LDA model, which achieved an average correct classification rate of 97.0% was more superior than FW-PLSDA (72.2%) and CARS-PLSDA (84.0%), and it proved that visible/near infrared hyperspectral imaging could be a rapid and reliable technique to identify pesticide varieties. It also proved that microalgae can be a very promising medium to indicate characteristics of pesticides.
Multi-shape active composites by 3D printing of digital shape memory polymers
Authors: Wu Jiangtao , Yuan Chao , Ding Zhen , Isakov Michael , Mao Yiqi , Wang Tiejun , Dunn Martin L. , Qi H. Jerry
Published: April 2016

Recent research using 3D printing to create active structures has added an exciting new dimension to 3D printing technology. After being printed, these active, often composite, materials can change their shape over time; this has been termed as 4D printing. In this paper, we demonstrate the design and manufacture of active composites that can take multiple shapes, depending on the environmental temperature. This is achieved by 3D printing layered composite structures with multiple families of shape memory polymer (SMP) fibers – digital SMPs - with different glass transition temperatures (Tg) to control the transformation of the structure. After a simple single-step thermomechanical programming process, the fiber families can be sequentially activated to bend when the temperature is increased. By tuning the volume fraction of the fibers, bending deformation can be controlled. We develop a theoretical model to predict the deformation behavior for better understanding the phenomena and aiding the design. We also design and print several flat 2D structures that can be programmed to fold and open themselves when subjected to heat. With the advantages of an easy fabrication process and the controllable multi-shape memory effect, the printed SMP composites have a great potential in 4D printing applications.
The Efficacy of GnRHa Alone or in Combination with rhGH for the Treatment of Chinese Children with Central Precocious Puberty
Authors: Wang Mengjie , Zhang Youjie , Lan Dan , Hill Jennifer W.
Published: April 2016

The addition of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to GnRH agonist (GnRHa) to treat central precocious puberty (CPP) is controversial. We systemically reviewed and evaluated the efficacy and safety of the rhGH and GnRHa adjunctive therapy in Chinese children with CPP and assessed the influence of age and therapy duration on the efficacy of the combined treatment. A total of 464 patients were included from 14 studies. Compared with baseline, administration of GnRHa plus rhGH led to a significant increase in height, predicted adult height (PAH) and height standard deviation for bone age (HtSDS-BA), corresponding to a weighted mean difference (WMD) (95%CI) of 9.06 cm (6.41, 11.70), 6.5 cm (4.47, 8.52) and 0.86 (0.58, 1.14) respectively. Subgroup analysis showed the combined therapy had increased efficacy in subjects with initial treatment age younger than 10 years old or with treatment lasting over 12 months. Compared with GnRHa alone treatment, the combined treatment led to a significant increase in height, PAH and HtSDS-BA, corresponding to a WMD (95% CI) of 3.56 cm (2.54, 4.57), 3.76 cm (3.19, 4.34) and 0.56 (0.43, 0.69). The combined treatment exhibited no safety concerns. Our findings may aid clinicians in making treatment decisions for children with CPP.
Defining Clonal Color in Fluorescent Multi-Clonal Tracking
Authors: Wu Juwell W. , Turcotte Raphaël , Alt Clemens , Runnels Judith M. , Tsao Hensin , Lin Charles P.
Published: April 2016

Clonal heterogeneity and selection underpin many biological processes including development and tumor progression. Combinatorial fluorescent protein expression in germline cells has proven its utility for tracking the formation and regeneration of different organ systems. Such cell populations encoded by combinatorial fluorescent proteins are also attractive tools for understanding clonal expansion and clonal competition in cancer. However, the assignment of clonal identity requires an analytical framework in which clonal markings can be parameterized and validated. Here we present a systematic and quantitative method for RGB analysis of fluorescent melanoma cancer clones. We then demonstrate refined clonal trackability of melanoma cells using this scheme.
Unprecedented Fine Structure of a Solar Flare Revealed by the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope
Authors: Jing Ju , Xu Yan , Cao Wenda , Liu Chang , Gary Dale , Wang Haimin
Published: April 2016

Solar flares signify the sudden release of magnetic energy and are sources of so called space weather. The fine structures (below 500 km) of flares are rarely observed and are accessible to only a few instruments world-wide. Here we present observation of a solar flare using exceptionally high resolution images from the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope (NST) equipped with high order adaptive optics at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). The observation reveals the process of the flare in unprecedented detail, including the flare ribbon propagating across the sunspots, coronal rain (made of condensing plasma) streaming down along the post-flare loops and the chromosphere’s response to the impact of coronal rain, showing fine-scale brightenings at the footpoints of the falling plasma. Taking advantage of the resolving power of the NST, we measure the cross-sectional widths of flare ribbons, post-flare loops and footpoint brighenings, which generally lie in the range of 80–200 km, well below the resolution of most current instruments used for flare studies. Confining the scale of such fine structure provides an essential piece of information in modeling the energy transport mechanism of flares, which is an important issue in solar and plasma physics.
Climate variability rather than overstocking causes recent large scale cover changes of Tibetan pastures
Authors: Lehnert L. W. , Wesche K. , Trachte K. , Reudenbach C. , Bendix J.
Published: April 2016

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a globally important “water tower” that provides water for nearly 40% of the world’s population. This supply function is claimed to be threatened by pasture degradation on the TP and the associated loss of water regulation functions. However, neither potential large scale degradation changes nor their drivers are known. Here, we analyse trends in a high-resolution dataset of grassland cover to determine the interactions among vegetation dynamics, climate change and human impacts on the TP. The results reveal that vegetation changes have regionally different triggers: While the vegetation cover has increased since the year 2000 in the north-eastern part of the TP due to an increase in precipitation, it has declined in the central and western parts of the TP due to rising air temperature and declining precipitation. Increasing livestock numbers as a result of land use changes exacerbated the negative trends but were not their exclusive driver. Thus, we conclude that climate variability instead of overgrazing has been the primary cause for large scale vegetation cover changes on the TP since the new millennium. Since areas of positive and negative changes are almost equal in extent, pasture degradation is not generally proceeding.
Single-Chain Magnets Based on Octacyanotungstate with the Highest Energy Barriers for Cyanide Compounds
Authors: Wei Rong-Min , Cao Fan , Li Jing , Yang Li , Han Yuan , Zhang Xiu-Ling , Zhang Zaichao , Wang Xin-Yi , Song You
Published: April 2016

By introducing large counter cations as the spacer, two isolated 3, 3-ladder compounds, (Ph4P)[CoII(3-Mepy)2.7(H2O)0.3WV(CN)8]·0.6H2O (1) and (Ph4As)[CoII(3-Mepy)3WV(CN)8] (2, 3-Mepy = 3-methylpyridine), were synthesized and characterized. Static and dynamic magnetic characterizations reveal that compounds 1 and 2 both behave as the single-chain magnets (SCMs) with very high energy barriers: 252(9) K for 1 and 224(7) K for 2, respectively. These two compounds display the highest relaxation barriers for cyano-bridged SCMs and are preceded only by two cobalt(II)-radical compounds among all SCMs. Meanwhile, a large coercive field of 26.2 kOe (1) and 22.6 kOe (2) were observed at 1.8 K.
RNA-seq analysis for detecting quantitative trait-associated genes
Authors: Seo Minseok , Kim Kwondo , Yoon Joon , Jeong Jin Young , Lee Hyun-Jeong , Cho Seoae , Kim Heebal
Published: April 2016

Many recent RNA-seq studies were focused mainly on detecting the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two or more conditions. In contrast, only a few attempts have been made to detect genes associated with quantitative traits, such as obesity index and milk yield, on RNA-seq experiment with large number of biological replicates. This study illustrates the linear model application on trait associated genes (TAGs) detection in two real RNA-seq datasets: 89 replicated human obesity related data and 21 replicated Holsteins’ milk production related RNA-seq data. Based on these two datasets, the performance between suggesting methods, such as ordinary regression and robust regression, and existing methods: DESeq2 and Voom, were compared. The results indicate that suggesting methods have much lower false discoveries compared to the precedent two group comparisons based approaches in our simulation study and qRT-PCR experiment. In particular, the robust regression outperforms existing DEG finding method as well as ordinary regression in terms of precision. Given the current trend in RNA-seq pricing, we expect our methods to be successfully applied in various RNA-seq studies with numerous biological replicates that handle continuous response traits.
p53 activation contributes to patulin-induced nephrotoxicity via modulation of reactive oxygen species generation
Authors: Jin Huan , Yin Shutao , Song Xinhua , Zhang Enxiang , Fan Lihong , Hu Hongbo
Published: April 2016

Patulin is a major mycotoxin found in fungal contaminated fruits and their derivative products. Previous studies showed that patulin was able to induce increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative stress was suggested to play a pivotal role in patulin-induced multiple toxic signaling. The objective of the present study was to investigate the functional role of p53 in patulin-induced oxidative stress. Our study demonstrated that higher levels of ROS generation and DNA damage were induced in wild-type p53 cell lines than that found in either knockdown or knockout p53 cell lines in response to patulin exposure, suggesting p53 activation contributed to patulin-induced ROS generation. Mechanistically, we revealed that the pro-oxidant role of p53 in response to patulin was attributed to its ability to suppress catalase activity through up-regulation of PIG3. Moreover, these in vitro findings were further validated in the p53 wild-type/knockout mouse model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report addressing the functional role of p53 in patulin-induced oxidative stress. The findings of the present study provided novel insights into understanding mechanisms behind oxidative stress in response to patulin exposure.
A flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow as an ion source coupled to a differential mobility analyzer for volatile organic compound detection
Authors: Bouza Marcos , Orejas Jaime , López-Vidal Silvia , Pisonero Jorge , Bordel Nerea , Pereiro Rosario , Sanz-Medel Alfredo
Published: April 2016

A FAPA is a good alternative to traditional ion mobility ionization sources.
Dipole moments of trans- and cis-(4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol (4-MCHM): obtaining the right conformer for the right reason
Authors: DeYonker Nathan J. , Charbonnet Katherine A. , Alexander William A.
Published: April 2016

Accurate computational estimates of fundamental physical properties can be used as inputs in the myriad of extant models employed to predict toxicity, transport, and fate of contaminants.
The preparation of large surface area lanthanum based perovskite supports for AuPt nanoparticles: tuning the glycerol oxidation reaction pathway by switching the perovskite B site
Authors: Evans Christopher D. , Kondrat Simon A. , Smith Paul J. , Manning Troy D. , Miedziak Peter J. , Brett Gemma L. , Armstrong Robert D. , Bartley Jonathan K. , Taylor Stuart H. , Rosseinsky Matthew J. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: April 2016

Gold and gold alloys, in the form of supported nanoparticles, have been shown over the last three decades to be highly effective oxidation catalysts. Mixed metal oxide perovskites, with their high structural tolerance, are ideal for investigating how changes in the chemical composition of supports affect the catalysts' properties, while retaining similar surface areas, morphologies and metal co-ordinations. However, a significant disadvantage of using perovskites as supports is their high crystallinity and small surface area. We report the use of a supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation methodology to prepare large surface area lanthanum based perovskites, making the deposition of 1 wt% AuPt nanoparticles feasible. These catalysts were used for the selective oxidation of glycerol. By changing the elemental composition of the perovskite B site, we dramatically altered the reaction pathway between a sequential oxidation route to glyceric or tartronic acid and a dehydration reaction pathway to lactic acid. Selectivity profiles were correlated to reported oxygen adsorption capacities of the perovskite supports and also to changes in the AuPt nanoparticle morphologies. Extended time on line analysis using the best oxidation catalyst (AuPt/LaMnO3) produced an exceptionally high tartronic acid yield. LaMnO3produced from alternative preparation methods was found to have lower activities, but gave comparable selectivity profiles to that produced using the supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent precipitation methodology.
A water molecule in the interior of a 1H-pyrazole Cu2+ metallocage
Authors: Pitarch-Jarque Javier , Belda Raquel , Blasco Salvador , Navarro Pilar , Tejero Roberto , Junquera-Hernández José Miguel , Pérez-Mondéjar Vicente , García-España Enrique
Published: April 2016

A pyrazole aza-macrocyclic Cu2+ metallocage shows the inclusion of a water molecule not hydrogen bonded with any acceptor or donor groups of the cage.
Electrochemical synthesis of 1-N-phenyl-4-(sulfonyl)benzene-1,2-diamine derivatives: a mild and regioselective protocol
Authors: Sharafi-Kolkeshvandi Mahnaz , Nematollahi Davood , Nikpour Farzad , Salahifar Eslam
Published: April 2016

Regioselective synthesis of 1-N-phenyl-4-(arylsulfonyl)benzene-1,2-diamine derivatives was carried out by the electrochemical oxidation of 2-aminodiphenylamine in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfinic acids as nucleophiles.
Anisotropic mechanoresponse of energetic crystallites: a quantum molecular dynamics study of nano-collision
Authors: Li Ying , Kalia Rajiv K. , Misawa Masaaki , Nakano Aiichiro , Nomura Ken-ichi , Shimamura Kohei , Shimojo Fuyuki , Vashishta Priya
Published: April 2016

A QMD study of nano-collision reveals the atomistic mechanisms of anisotropic shock-sensitivity in energetic vdW crystallites under binary intra-layer/inter-layer collisions.
Heterogeneity in GFP expression in isogenic populations of P. putida KT2440 investigated using flow cytometry and bacterial microarrays
Authors: Arnfinnsdottir N. B. , Bjørkøy A. V. , Lale R. , Sletmoen M.
Published: April 2016

Fluorescence intensities were determined using both flow cytometry and bacterial microarrays for Pseudomonas putida expressing GFP upon addition of an inducer. Fluorescence micrographs revealed static inter-cell differences in fluorescence emission.
Optimization of a broth conductivity controlling strategy directed by an online viable biomass sensor for enhancing Taxus cell growth rate and Taxol productivity
Authors: Wang Ze-Jian , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jian-Wen , Guo Mei-Jin , Zhuang Ying-ping
Published: April 2016

In this work, we investigated the effects of a constant broth conductivity controlling strategy directed by an online viable biomass sensor on Taxol productivity ofTaxus chinensisvar.maireiin suspension cultivation.
Paper-based biodetection using luminescent nanoparticles
Authors: Ju Qiang , Noor M. Omair , Krull Ulrich J.
Published: April 2016

Comprehensive overview of advances in optical bioanalytical detection using nanoparticles and paper-based platforms.
Electrochemiluminescence detection of reduced and oxidized glutathione ratio by quantum dot-layered double hydroxide film
Authors: Yu Yingchang , Shi Jingjing , Zhao Xiaocen , Yuan Zhiqin , Lu Chao , Lu Jun
Published: April 2016

Accurate quantification of GSH/GSSG ratio was achieved with an electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer sensor based on PDDA/(mixture/ZnAl-LDH)n ultrathin film.
Elucidating the cellular uptake mechanism of aptamer-functionalized graphene-isolated-Au-nanocrystals with dual-modal imaging
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Liu Zhangkun , Zou Yuxiu , Lai Xiaofang , Ding Ding , Chen Long , Zhang Liqin , Wu Yuan , Chen Zhuo , Tan Weihong
Published: April 2016

Aptamers significantly changed the nanocrystal cellular endocytosis pathway with graphene-isolated-Au-nanocrystals as the Raman and two-photon luminescence dual-modal imaging probe.
Regulation of breast cancer cell behaviours by the physical microenvironment constructed via projection microstereolithography
Authors: Yang Wenguang , Yu Haibo , Li Gongxin , Wang Bo , Wang Yuechao , Liu Lianqing
Published: April 2016

A considerable number of studies have examined how intrinsic factors regulate breast cancer cell behaviours; however, physical microenvironmental cues may also modulate cellular morphology, proliferation, and migration and mechanical properties.
Catalytic transformation of esters of 1,2-azido alcohols into α-amido ketones
Authors: Kim Yongjin , Pak Han Kyu , Rhee Young Ho , Park Jaiwook
Published: April 2016

The esters of 1,2-azido alcohols were transformed into α-amido ketones without external oxidants through the Ru-catalyzed formation of N–H imines with the liberation of N2 followed by intramolecular migration of the acyl moiety.
Synthesis of microporous/mesoporous core–shell materials with crystalline zeolitic shell and supported metal oxide silica core
Authors: Masoumifard Nima , Kim Kyoungsoo , Kaliaguine Serge , Arnal Pablo M. , Kleitz Freddy
Published: April 2016

Engineered silica@zeolite core–shell composites, possessing a hierarchical porosity in a shape selective manner, were synthesised by deposition of silicalite-1 nanocrystals over various mesoporous silica spheres, in either pure form or loaded with metal guest species.
Dynamics of human acetylcholinesterase bound to non-covalent and covalent inhibitors shedding light on changes to the water network structure
Authors: Peters Judith , Martinez Nicolas , Trovaslet Marie , Scannapieco Kévin , Koza Michael Marek , Masson Patrick , Nachon Florian
Published: April 2016

Active site gorge of hAChE in complex with HupA (A) or phosphonylated by aged soman (B).
Excitonic linewidth of organic quantum wires generated in reduced dimensionality matrices
Authors: Barisien Thierry , Legrand Laurent , Mu Zhao , Hameau Sophie
Published: April 2016

Nanostructured crystalline film achieving a 2D bath for single conjugated polymer chain linewidth spectroscopy.
A class of effective decarboxylative perfluoroalkylating reagents: [(phen)2Cu](O2CRF)
Authors: Huang Yangjie , Ajitha Manjaly J. , Huang Kuo-Wei , Zhang Zhongxing , Weng Zhiqiang
Published: April 2016

A class of effective reagents [(phen)2Cu](O2CRF) for the decarboxylative perfluoroalkylation of aryl and heteroaryl halides have been invented.
Isolation of a bis(imino)pyridine molybdenum(i) iodide complex through controlled reduction and interconversion of its reaction products
Authors: Pal Raja , Cherry Brian R. , Flores Marco , Groy Thomas L. , Trovitch Ryan J.
Published: April 2016

This effort describes the isolation of a persistent Mo(i) monoiodide complex and its conversion to an unusual set of divalent (PDI)Mo complexes.
N,N-Diethylamine appended binuclear Zn(ii) complexes: highly selective and sensitive fluorescent chemosensors for picric acid
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Ashish , Pandey Daya Shankar
Published: April 2016

Novel binuclear Zn(ii) complexes (1–2) derived from bis-chelating salen type ligands (H2L1 and H2L2) possessing N,N-diethylamine moieties on the periphery of the molecules have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized by satisfactory elemental analyses and spectral (FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR, UV-vis, fluorescence and ESI-MS) studies.
Light and oxygen induced degradation limits the operational stability of methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Bryant Daniel , Aristidou Nicholas , Pont Sebastian , Sanchez-Molina Irene , Chotchunangatchaval Thana , Wheeler Scot , Durrant James R. , Haque Saif A.
Published: April 2016

Here, we demonstrate that light and oxygen-induced degradation is the main reason for the low operational stability of methylammonium lead triiodide (MeNH3PbI3) perovskite solar cells exposed to ambient conditions.
Connecting toxicology and chemistry to ensure safer chemical design
Authors: Anastas Nicholas D.
Published: April 2016

Designing safer, healthier and sustainable products and processes requires the engagement of toxicologists and the incorporation of twenty-first century toxicology principles and practices.
Implantable tissue isolation chambers for analyzing tumor dynamics in vivo
Authors: Gruionu Gabriel , Bazou Despina , Maimon Nir , Onita-Lenco Mara , Gruionu Lucian G. , Huang Peigen , Munn Lance L.
Published: April 2016

Implantable tissue isolation chambers allow analyses of host–tumor interactionsin vivo.
Simultaneous tracing of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in human cells
Authors: Nilsson Roland , Jain Mohit
Published: April 2016

Analyzing isotopes in multiple elements of metabolites can shed light on the coordination of carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
Engineering microbial hosts for production of bacterial natural products
Authors: Zhang Mingzi M. , Wang Yajie , Ang Ee Lui , Zhao Huimin
Published: April 2016

Microbial fermentation provides an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis for the production of structurally complex natural products.
Silver-promoted cinnamamidyl radical-mediated oxidative cascade cyclization: highly regioselective synthesis of phosphorylated azaspiro[4.5]decenones
Authors: Zhou Zhao-Zhao , Zheng Lan , Yan Xiao-Biao , Jin Dong-Po , He Yu-Tao , Liang Yong-Min
Published: April 2016

A novel cinnamamidyl radical-mediated oxidative cascade cyclization to synthesize phosphorylated azaspiro[4.5]decenones has been developed.
Lighting up sugars: fluorescent BODIPY–gluco-furanose and –septanose conjugates linked by direct B–O–C bonds
Authors: Liu Bowen , Novikova Nina , Simpson M. Cather , Timmer Mattie S. M. , Stocker Bridget L. , Söhnel Tilo , Ware David C. , Brothers Penelope J.
Published: April 2016

O-BODIPY–glucose conjugates are linked through covalent B–O–C(glucose) bonds, and feature a rare instance of the unnatural septanose form of glucose.
Synthesis and characterization of supramolecular cross-linkers containing cyclodextrin dimer and trimer
Authors: Iijima Keisuke , Aoki Daisuke , Sogawa Hiromitsu , Asai Shigeo , Takata Toshikazu
Published: April 2016

Structure-definite vinylic supramolecular cross-linkers were prepared using a well-defined α-cyclodextrin oligomer and a polyethylene glycol-type macromonomer, and introduced into vinyl polymers.
Developing radiation tolerant polymer nanocomposites using C60as an additive
Authors: Christian J. H. , Teprovich J. A. , Wilson J. , Nicholson J. C. , Truong T.-T. , Kesterson M. R. , Velten J. A. , Wiedenhöver I. , Baby L. T. , Anastasiou M. , Rijal N. , Washington II A. L.
Published: April 2016

The attenuation of alpha particles is modelled using Monte-Carlo N-Particle Extended software. Using tandem Van de Graaff accelerator tests, it is shown that doping with C60fullerene can significantly enhance the lifetime of polymers in alpha radiation environments.
Group IV compounds bearing a novel tridentate N-donor ligand: synthesis, structures and ethylene polymerization
Authors: Li Wei , Su Feng , Yuan Shifang , Duan Xine , Bai Shengdi , Liu Diansheng
Published: April 2016

In this paper, treatment of [PhN(CH2)3NC(Ph)NSiMe3]2Li4·2Et2O with group IV metal chlorides yields corresponding compounds 3–5. The catalytic behaviors of 3–5 were investigated in the presence of MAO as co-catalyst for ethylene polymerization.
Statistical experimental design, least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods for modeling the facilitated adsorption of methylene blue dye
Authors: Asfaram A. , Ghaedi M. , Azqhandi M. H. Ahmadi , Goudarzi A. , Dastkhoon M.
Published: April 2016

This study is based on the usage of a composite of zinc sulfide nanoparticles with activated carbon (ZnS-NPs-AC) for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions.
Investigations of the band structures of edge-defect zigzag graphene nanoribbons using density functional theory
Authors: Moon Hye Sook , Yun Je Moon , Kim Kwang Ho , Jang Seung Soon , Lee Seung Geol
Published: April 2016

Band structures of edge-oxidized (left) and edge-nitrided (right) zigzag graphene nanoribbons.
Selective removal of isoquinoline and quinoline from simulated fuel using 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diol (BINOL): crystal structure and evaluation of the adduct electronic properties
Authors: Ogunlaja Adeniyi S. , Hosten Eric , Betz Richard , Tshentu Zenixole R.
Published: April 2016

1,1′-Binaphthyl-2,2′-diol/quinoline (BINOL/QUN) and 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diol/isoquinoline (BINOL/ISOQUN) adducts were successfully synthesized. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) involving 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diol (BINOL) and isoquinoline confirming interaction.
Gold nanorods coated by oxygen-deficient TiO2 as an advanced photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Kou S. F. , Ye W. , Guo X. , Xu X. F. , Sun H. Y. , Yang J.
Published: April 2016

Gold nanorods coated by oxygen-deficient TiO2 are synthesized by slow hydrolysis followed with high-temperature annealing in a reducing atmosphere. The hydrogenated product Au@H-TiO2 shows enhanced photocatalytic ability in hydrogen generation.
Carbonized glycerol nanotubes as efficient catalysts for biofuel production
Authors: Viswanadham Nagabhatla , Debnath Suman , Saxena Sandeep K. , Al-Muhtaseb Ala'a H.
Published: April 2016

Highly acid functionalized carbonized glycerol nano tubes obtained by a simple, single step carbonization acted as an efficient and stable solid acid catalyst for acetalization of glycerol and esterification of levulinic acid to produce biofuel.
Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of CO over highly active mesoporous Pd/CeO2–ZrO2–Al2O3catalyst
Authors: Liu Xin , Ning Ping , Xu Lisi , Liu Qixian , Song Zhongxian , Zhang Qiulin
Published: April 2016

Addition of zirconium and aluminum into Pd/CeO2led to an increase of surface atomic ratios of Ce3+/Ce4+andOadsorbed/Olattice, pore volume, ratios and size of mesopores, catalytic activity, as well as decrease of particle size,EaandT100(60 °C).