bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial functioning in eating disorders: Social anxiety, alexithymia and lack of assertiveness / Funcionamiento psicosocial en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: Ansiedad social, alexitimia y falta de asertividad
Authors: Behar A. Rosa
Published: October 2021

Abstract There is a great conclusive amount of information about the deficit of psychosocial functioning in eating disordered patients. Objective: To describe the evidence on the influence of social anxiety, alexithymia and lack of assertiveness as predisposing, triggering and perpetuating factors of eating disorders (ED) symptomatology and the impairment of social behaviors and/or attitudes in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa. Method: An exhaustive review of the national and international specialized literature was made. Results: Social anxiety that may become a social phobia (avoidance of interpersonal contact), alexithymia (difficulty to identify and/or express feelings and sensations) that may be associated to depression and lack of assertiveness (discapacity in social competence to confront communicational events) reach significatively higher prevalence rates in eating disordered patients compared to control subjects. Conclusions: The evidence supports the significant interference in social skills, in the therapeutic management and in the outcome of eating disordered patients related to these comorbidities. It is imperative its early identification and clinical approach in order to prevent the emergence of ED. Key words: Eating disorders, Psychosocial functioning, Social anxiety, Alexithymia, Assertiveness. Resumen Existe una gran cantidad de información concluyente sobre el déficit del funcionamiento psicosocial en las pacientes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). Objetivo: Describir la evidencia acerca de la influencia de la ansiedad social, la alexitimia y la falta de asertividad como factores predisponentes, desencadenantes y perpetuantes de la sintomatología de los TCA y el deterioro de las conductas y/o actitudes sociales de pacientes portadoras de anorexia nerviosa y/o bulimia nerviosa. Método: Revisión exhaustiva de la literatura especializada nacional e internacional. Resultados: La ansiedad social que puede manifestarse como fobia social (evitación del contacto interpersonal), la alexitimia (dificultad para identificar y/o expresar sentimientos y sensaciones) que puede asociarse principalmente a la depresión y la falta de asertividad (discapacidad en la competencia social para confrontar los eventos comunicacionales) alcanzan cifras de prevalencia significativamente más altas en las pacientes alimentarias comparadas con sujetos controles. Conclusiones: La evidencia apoya la interferencia significativa en las habilidades sociales, en el manejo terapéutico y en el desenlace de las pacientes con TCA relacionada con estas comorbilidades. Es imperativo su identificación y abordaje clínico precoz para prevenir la aparición de los TCA. Palabras claves: Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, funcionamiento psicosocial, ansiedad social, alexitimia, asertividad.
Family eating disorders antecedent and symptomatology in women with an eating disorder (ED) / Antecedentes familiares y sintomatología en mujeres con trastorno de la conducta alimentaria
Authors: León Hernández Rodrigo César , Aizpuru de la Portilla Araceli
Published: October 2021

Abstract The purposes of study were: 1) To detect the family eating disorders in mexican patients with eating disorders and 2) In which ways this family antecedent affects its development in this pathology. The sample was formed by n= 44 women. The results showed that 40% reported family eating disorders antecedent. It also revealed that this group has the highest EAT-40 total, and in the factors: motivation to loose weight, avoidance of fattening food, constant concern about food, obsessions and compulsions, and compensatory behaviors, compared to the group that doesn’t present family eating disorder antecedent. This discovery allows concluding that the magnitude of the symptomatology is bigger whit the presence oh this antecedent. Key words: Symptomatology, eating disorder, familiar antecedents. Resumen Los objetivos fueron: 1) detectar la presencia de antecedentes familiares de sintomatología alimentaria en una muestra de pacientes mexicanas con trastorno alimentario, y 2) de que forma influyen dichos antecedentes en la patología de este trastorno. La muestra estuvo formada por n = 44 mujeres. Los resultados mostraron que el 40% reportó antecedentes de trastorno alimentario en la familia. Fue en este mismo grupo que se detectó mayor puntaje en el total del EAT-40 así como en los factores: motivación para adelgazar, evitación de alimentos engordantes, preocupación por la comida, obsesiones y compulsiones, y conductas compensatorias, al compararlo con el grupo sin antecedentes. Palabras clave: Sintomatología, trastornos alimentarios, antecedentes familiares.
Validity of Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) in Mexican women / Validez del Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) en mujeres mexicanas
Authors: Vázquez Arévalo Rosalia , Galán Julio Jessica , López Aguilar Xochitl , Alvarez Rayón Georgina L. , Mancilla Díaz Juan Manuel , Caballero Romo Alejandro , Unikel Santoncini Claudia
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The aim of this study was to validate the instrument Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) in female Mexican population, created to assess body dissatisfaction. 472 women participated, 256 were students and formed the control group ('X = 15.9, DE = 3.2)  and 216 patients with Eating Disorders (ED) ('X = 20.5,  DE = 3.9)  with an age range of 13 to 30 years. The results showed excellent internal consistency (a = .98) and a 2-factor structure that explained 63.8% of the total variance. These were: 1) normative body uncomfort (α=.95), and 2) pathological body uncomfort (α=.94). Regarding the discriminant and predictive validity, the BSQ showed good ability to classify individuals with eating disorders, depending on body dissatisfaction, noting that such capacity is greater when discriminating between Anorexia, Bulimia and control (λ de Wilks = .485, χ2(gl=1)= 278.830, p≤ .001). Finally we explored 6 different cut off points, of which the 110-was proved to be the most appropriate according to their values ​​of sensitivity (84.3%) and specificity (84.4%). In conclusion, the BSQ is a useful questionnaire to detect body dissatisfaction in Mexican women. Keywords: Validity, Body Shape Questionnaire, women, body dissatisfaction. Resumen. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue validar el instrumento en población mexicana femenina Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), creado con la finalidad de evaluar la insatisfacción corporal. Participaron 472 mujeres, 256 eran estudiantes ('X = 15.9, DE = 3.2) y conformaron el grupo control y 216 pacientes con Trastorno del Comportamiento Alimentario (TCA) ('X = 20.5,  DE = 3.9) con un rango de edad de 13 a 30 años. Los resultados mostraron una excelente consistencia interna (a =  .98), así como una estructura de 2 factores que explicaron el 63.8% de la varianza total. Estos fueron: 1) Malestar corporal normativo (α=.95) y 2) Malestar  corporal patológico (α=.94). Respecto a la validez discriminante y predictiva, el BSQ mostró una buena capacidad de clasificar a individuos con TCA, en función de la insatisfacción corporal, y se observó que dicha capacidad es mayor cuando discrimina entre Anorexia, Bulimia y control (λ de Wilks = .485, χ2(gl=1)= 278.830, p≤ .001). Finalmente se exploraron 6 diferentes puntos de corte, de los cuales 110 fue el que demostró ser el más apropiado, de acuerdo a sus valores de sensibilidad (84.3%) y especificidad (84.4%). En conclusión el BSQ es un cuestionario de gran utilidad para detectar la insatisfacción corporal en  mujeres mexicanas. Palabras clave: Validez, Body Shape Questionnaire, mujeres, insatisfacción corporal.
Universal prevention programs on disordered eating: Assessment methodologies, results and future lines / Programas de prevención universal de las alteraciones alimentarias: Metodologías de evaluación, resultados y líneas de futuro
Authors: López-Guimerá Gemma , Sánchez-Carracedo David , Fauquet Jordi
Published: October 2021

Abstract. n this paper are reviewed 47 universal prevention programs on eating disorders and disordered eating published in the period 1993-2011, mainly administered in schools and aimed at children and adolescents. In each program have been revised the elements linked to the design (methodological rigor, follow-up, control group, specificity, covert approach, replication, effectiveness, areas of application and measures). This review allows analyze the evolution of this field of study in the specified period. Progressively has been increased the rigor and methodological sophistication of designs, but they are still with some major problems, such as the absence of a set of agreed measures, among others. Finally, we suggest some elements of debate on the future direction to be taken by the development of new prevention programs in this area. Among others, the need to adapt to male population, ideal characteristics of target population in age and level of risk, the specific content that should be worked, the theoretical approach which should be based, about the intensity and duration, and the need to integrate the prevention of eating disorders and obesity. Key words: Universal prevention, eating disorders, disordered eating, adolescent.   Resumen. En este trabajo se revisan los 47 programas de prevención universal de las alteraciones alimentarias publicados en el período 1993-2011, administrados principal- mente en el ámbito escolar y dirigido a población infantil y adolescente. Cada programa ha sido revisado atendiendo a elementos relacionados con el diseño (rigor metodológico, seguimiento, grupo control, especificidad, encubrimiento, replicación, efectividad, ámbitos de aplicación e instrumentos de evaluación). Esta revisión permite analizar la evolución de este campo de estudio en el período especificado. Progresivamente se ha incrementado el rigor y sofisticación metodológica de los diseños, pero todavía permanecen sin resolver problemas importantes, como la ausencia de un conjunto consensuado de medidas de eficacia de calidad, entre otros. A modo de conclusión, se sugieren elementos de debate sobre la orientación futura que debería adoptar el desarrollo de nuevos programas de prevención en este ámbito. Entre otros, la necesidad de adaptarlos a la población masculina, las características idóneas de la población diana en cuanto a edad y nivel de riesgo, los con- tenidos específicos que deberían tener, la aproximación teórica en la que deberían fundamentarse, su intensidad y duración, y la necesidad de integrar la prevención de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y de la obesidad. Palabras clave: Prevención universal, trastornos del comportamiento alimentario, alimentación alterada, adolescentes.
Comparing body image and risky eating behavior between Mexican and German women / Comparando imagen corporal y conducta alimentaria de riesgo entre mujeres mexicanas y alemanas
Authors: Gomez-Peresmitré Gilda , Jaëger Bukard , Pineda Garcia Gisela , Platas  Acevedo Silvia
Published: October 2021

Abstract . Body dissatisfaction is regarded as a powerful risk factor for dietary restraint and bulimic behavior among women. Objective. To compare Mexican and German women's body image and eating risk factors by developing structural models to find similarities or differences between the two samples. Participants. The non-random sample of N = 404 (Mexican: 175; German: 229) medical and nursing students (total Mage = 20.6, SD = 0.86) answered standardized scales (EAT and EDI) and a culture-free 10-silhouette scale on body dissatisfaction. Hypothesis. The main hypothesis proposed that Mexican women will show a stronger relationship between body dissatisfaction and restrained diet than the German women will. Results. The findings confirmed this hypothesis by showing that in the relationship dissatisfaction-dieting, the Mexican group obtained the highest values of the correlation and determination coefficients, compared to the German group. Discussion. Mexican women underestimated their body size, and it could be that body size underestimation lessens social pressure. It is concluded that whether this may be seen as a contradictory result or as a cognitive-defensive strategy in order to minimize the pressure experienced must be decided with further investigation.   Key words: Mexican and German women, body image, restrained eating, risk factors for eating disorders, structural models. Resumen. La insatisfacción corporal es un poderoso factor de riesgo para dieta restringida y conducta bulímica en mujeres. Objetivo. Comparar imagen corporal y conducta alimentaria de riesgo en mujeres mexicanas y alemanas mediante el desarrollo de modelos estructurales detectando al mismo tiempo similitudes y diferencias. Participantes. La muestra no aleatoria de N = 404 estudiantes de medicina y enfermería (175 mexicanas y 229 alemanas) con una Media total = 20.6 años (DE = 0.86) respondió a escalas estandarizadas (EAT y EDI) y a una escala de insatisfacción corporal de 10 siluetas libre de influencia cultural. Hipótesis. Las mexicanas mostrarán una relación más fuerte entre insatisfacción corporal y dieta restringida que las alemanas. Resultados. Los hallazgos confirman la hipótesis, mostrando que el grupo mexicano obtuvo los coeficientes (de correlación y de determinación) más altos en la relación insatisfacción-dieta. Discusión. Las mexicanas subestiman el tamaño de su cuerpo y se asume que dicha subestimación podría tener como propósito disminuir la presión social. Se concluye que si esto puede interpretarse como un resultado contradictorio o como una estrategia cognitivo defensiva para minimizar la presión experimentada debe decidirse con nuevas investigaciones.   Palabras clave: Mujeres mexicanas y alemanas, imagen corporal, dieta restringida, factores de riesgo en trastornos alimentarios, modelos estructurales
The development and initial validation of the Estimation and Frequency of Food Intake Scale / Desarrollo y validación inicial de la Escala Estimación y Consumo de Alimento (ECA)
Authors: Díaz Reséndiz Felipe De Jesús , Franco Paredes Karina
Published: October 2021

Abstract. One way to contribute to solving problems related to eating behavior is to develop valid and reliable instruments to measure estimation and food consumption frequency in Mexican population. The present study describes the development and initial validation of the estimation and food intake scale (ECA, for its Spanish acronym). The first version comprised 143 items in a Likert-type scale with five options each one and it was applied to 432 participants from Jalisco State, Mexico City and Mexico State. According to item-total correlation 32 items were selected and reliability analysis yielded a Cronbach alpha of .92 and .90 to estimation and frequency of food intake consumption respectively. Factor analysis only for estimation section yielded a six-factor structure which explained 53.3% of the total variance and reliability indices ranged between .55 and .76. The mean of food estimation showed that food was considered unhealthy and were consumed once a month. It is necessary to modify the current version of the scale and applied to a wider and heterogeneous sample.   Key words: Frequency, estimation, food, reliability, Mexican population.   Resumen. Una forma de contribuir a la solución de los problemas relacionados con la conducta alimentaria es desarrollar instrumentos válidos y confiables para medir estimación y consumo de alimento en población mexicana. En el presente estudio se describe la construcción de la escala Estimación y Consumo de Alimento (ECA). La primea versión de la ECA quedó conformada por 143 reactivos con cinco opciones de respuesta tipo Likert y se aplicó a un total de 432 participantes del Estado de Jalisco, Distrito Federal y Estado de México. Considerando la correlación reactivo-total se seleccionaron 32 reactivos, el análisis de confiabilidad mostró una consistencia interna de .92 y .90 respectivamente a estimación y frecuencia de consumo. El análisis factorial de la sección de estimación arrojó una estructura de seis factores que explicaron el 53.3 % de la varianza y los índices de confiabilidad variaron entre .55 y .76. La media de estimación mostró que los participantes juzgaron los alimentos como poco saludables y se consumieron una vez al mes. Es necesario mejorar conceptualmente la versión actual del instrumento y aplicar en muestras de otros estados la versión más refinada de la escala ECA.   Palabras clave: Frecuencia, estimación, alimento, confiabilidad, población mexicana.
Cognitive factors predicting therapeutic adherence in people with overweight and obesity / Factores cognitivos predictivos de adherencia terapéutica en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad
Authors: Leija Alva Gerardo , Peláez Hernández Viridiana , Pérez Cabañas Elisa , Pablo Santiago Ruth , Orea Tejeda Arturo , Domínguez Trejo Benjamín , González Islas Dulce , Pineda Juárez Juan Antonio , Herrera Saucedo Raúl , Sánchez Santillano Rocío , Santellano Juárez Brenda , Cintora Martínez Carlos , Contreras Ramírez Edna
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe lack of adherence to treatment (ADT) in people with chronic diseases range from 40 to 75%. Two thirds of the patients with obesity under treatment recover the weight lost after one year, and almost all of them after five years, which is associated with the lack of ADT. Adherence refers to a multidimensional phenomenon that involves the reciprocal action of several factors, including those related to the patient. Assumption that triggered the first socio-cognitive models of ADT. The aim of the present work was to identify which factors of three different models (Theory of the planned behavior [TPB], Beliefs in health, and the one of Wallston) can predict the ADT of patients with overweight or obesity. A total of 118 adults participated, with an average age of 52.0 years (SD = 19.0), who were under pharmacological treatment and completed three questionnaires, each one related to the models evaluated, and another one related to ADT. Of the 13 factors, only one (attitudes, from the TPB model) showed ability to predict ADT (t = 2.75, ß = .26, p < .01). Therefore, for overweight and obesity it is necessary to propose models that can reflect better the differences that underlie the ADT.  Resumen La falta de adherencia al tratamiento (ADT) en personas con enfermedades crónicas puede fluctuar entre 40 y 75%. Dos tercios de los pacientes con obesidad bajo tratamiento recuperan el peso perdido tras un año, y casi todos a los cinco años, lo que se asocia con la falta de ADT. Esta refiere a un fenómeno multidimensional que supone la acción recíproca de diversos factores, y entre ellos los relativos al paciente. Supuesto que dio paso al surgimiento de los modelos socio-cognitivos de la ADT. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar qué factores de tres diferentes modelos (Teoría de la conducta planeada [TCP], Creencias en salud y el de Wallston) pueden predecir la ADT de pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad. Participaron 118 adultos, con edad promedio de 52.0 años (DE = 19.0), quienes estaban bajo tratamiento farmacológico y completaron tres cuestionarios, cada uno relativo a los modelos evaluados, y otro más referente a ADT. De los 13 factores, solo uno (Actitudes, del modelo de TCP) mostró capacidad para predecir la ADT (t = 2.75, ß = .26, p < .01). Por tanto, en el caso del sobrepeso u obesidad resulta necesario proponer modelos que reflejen mejor los aspectos que subyacen a la ADT.
Body image on sex and nutritional status: Association with the construction of self and others / Imagen corporal en función de sexo y estado nutricional: Asociación con la construcción de sí mismo y de los otros
Authors: Escandón-Nagel Neli , Vargas José Felipe , Herrera Ana Carolina , Pérez Ana María
Published: October 2021

Abstract Both distortion and dissatisfaction with body image are crucial in the development of eating disorders. This study analyzes body dissatisfaction (BD) of young adults based on sex and nutritional status, as well as their relation to the construction of the self and others. A total of 73 university students (53% women) aged 18-28 (M = 21.96, SD = 2.04) answered a BD assessment that includes Anatomical Models Sheets, and the construction of the self and the others with the Grid Technique; In addition, the body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported weight and height. Men reported more body distortion vs. women (p = .04), as well as participants with normal weight vs. overweight-obesity (p = .01); conversely, BD was more common in the group with overweight-obesity (p = .03). In women, perceived BMI correlated positively with social isolation, while self-definition "as obese" was associated with BMI and with lower self-esteem; in men, self-definition only correlated with social isolation. Although men had higher body distortion, in women, BD was related to more aspects of their identity. Resumen Tanto la distorsión como la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal (IC) son cruciales en el desarrollo de los trastornos alimentarios. Este estudio analiza la IC de jóvenes adultos en función del sexo y el estatus nutricional, así como su relación con la construcción del sí mismo y de los otros. Participaron 73 estudiantes universitarios (53% mujeres) de 18-28 años de edad (M = 21.96, DE = 2.04). La IC fue evaluada con Láminas de Modelos Anatómicos, y la construcción del sí mismo y de los otros con la Técnica de la Rejilla; además, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue calculado a partir del peso y la talla autoreportados. La distorsión corporal (DC) estuvo más presente en hombres vs. mujeres (p = .04), así como en los participantes normopeso vs. sobrepeso-obesidad (p = .01); contrariamente, la insatisfacción corporal fue más común en estos últimos (p = .03). En las mujeres, el IMC percibido correlacionó positivamente con aislamiento social, mientras que autodefinirse “como obesas” se asoció tanto con éste como con menor autoestima; no así en los hombres, en quienes dicha autodefinición solo correlacionó con aislamiento social. Aunque los hombres presentaron mayor DC, en las mujeres la IC se relacionó con más aspectos de su identidad.
Modelos animales en el estudio del síndrome metabólico
Authors: Escalona Mugica José Rene , Barajas Martínez Antonio , Alfaro Becerril Orlando A. , Estrada Rojo Francisco , Ángeles Castellanos Manuel , Ubaldo-Reyes Laura M.
Published: October 2021

El término síndrome metabólico se refiere a una serie de factores de riesgo que resultan de un desbalance metabólico. Se han señalado varias causas para su desarrollo, entre las que destacan la ingesta excesiva de calorías y el sedentarismo. Este desbalance entre la ingesta y el gasto energético resulta en un incremento de peso en la forma de tejido adiposo, estrechamente asociado con múltiples desórdenes metabólicos. El síndrome metabólico, así como sus consecuencias, representan un serio problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. De ahí, surge la importancia del establecimiento de estrategias exitosas para su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Si bien los estudios epidemiológicos arrojan bastante información, por razones éticas y metodológicas, es necesario abordar los aspectos experimentales con modelos animales. A la fecha, existen múltiples modelos de manera que la elección de uno en específico requiere de la cuidadosa consideración de las variables o fenómenos a estudiar. En esta revisión se abordan aspectos generales del síndrome metabólico. Asimismo, se discuten las características generales de los modelos murinos más empleados en su estudio, como son los basados en dietas altas en carbohidratos y en grasas, además de los genéticos. En particular, para los modelos de dietas altas en grasa, se consideran otros aspectos como el porcentaje de kcal provenientes de la grasa, el tipo de ácidos grasos empleados, los regímenes de alimentación, así como los efectos multigeneracionales.
Trade Dynamics during Delhi Sultanate
Authors: Waghmare Ekta Navnath
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Chaos ensures survival, and man's need to constantly procure better goods for evolution is an integral part of this survival. Even before time existed as a concept, trade was prevalent among homo-sapiens. However, what role does trade have in our understanding of history? In Greek Mythology, Mercury (god of commerce) held the caduceus which was a symbol of sacredness and revival. The caduceus and Mercury are nothing but a metaphor for the role of trade in History. Trade ensures the survival of civilization and hence becomes an elixir of evolution. Trade creates history by ensuring that there is movement, connectivity, and chaos. History can be perceived as a subjective concept by many and if there's anything that holds the factual part of history together, it is archaeology. Remnants of trade are often supported by the archaeological evidence of a particular region. Hence, this paper makes an attempt to understand the society during Sultanate by delving into the trade dynamics. It is believed that trade influenced the economy and lifestyle during the Sultanate to a very large extent. Information about the trade will also guide us through the causes of the market and internal reforms that took place in this glorious era. Keywords: Sultanate, trade dynamics, history, survival, internal reforms.
Lie Symmetry Analysis for Soliton Solutions of Generalised Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Boussinesq Equation in (3+1)-dimensions
Authors: JADAUN VISHAKHA , Jha Navnit , Ramola Sachin
Published: October 2021

The Lie group of infinitesimal transformations technique and similarity
reduction is performed for obtaining an exact invariant solution to
generalized Kadomstev-Petviashvili-Boussinesq (gKPB) equation in
(3+1)-dimensions. We obtain generators of infinitesimal transformations,
which provide us a set of Lie algebras. In addition, we get geometric
vector fields, a commutator table of Lie algebra, and a group of
symmetries. It is observed that the analytic solution (closed-form
solutions) to the nonlinear gKPB evolution equations can easily be
treated employing the Lie symmetry technique. A detailed geometrical
framework related to the nature of the solutions possessing traveling
wave, bright and dark soliton, standing wave with multiple breathers,
and one-dimensional kink, for the appropriate values of the parameters
involved.
Forecasting analysis of selected health- and economy-related indicators in South Eastern European and Balkan countries
Authors: Stepovic Milos , Vekic Berislav , Dragojevic-Simic Viktorija , Vekic Stefan , Rancic Nemanja
Published: October 2021

Background/Aim. Health indicators provide comparable in-formation relevant to defining health goals. The aim of this study was to perform a forecasting analysis of the selected indicators, which could help anticipate the future necessities in the health economy and prevent the problems that would predictively grow in the future. Methods. Health indicators are collected from publicly available databases of the World Health Organization and Eurostat. We used the quantitative forecasting technique, commonly used for historical data, to predict several years in the future concerning selected health- and economy-related indicators. Results. Total health expenditures as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) by 2025 will increase in most of the 17 surveyed countries. The percentage of direct household budget payments (out-of-pocket) for health services will decrease in half of the countries, while values of GDP expressed in US$ will increase significantly com-pared to the last surveyed year (2017), except in Greece. The infant mortality indicator shows that the numbers will decrease in each surveyed country, while the urban population percent-age will rise almost in each country except Estonia. Life expectancy will increase in each surveyed country. Conclusion. Health- and economy-related indicators must be monitored over time, as they provide significant information concerning the relevant issues in the health care system. Moreover, they may indicate changes that should be made in order to accomplish progress in each individual country.
Perhitungan gas content berdasarkan formula Kim pada seam batubara formasi Muara Enim
Authors: JUniarto Reinaldi
Published: October 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki sumberdaya batubara yang besar, salah satunya berada di formasi Muara Enim, Sumatra selatan. Pemanfaatan batubara biasanya digunakan untuk menghasilkan listrik melalui kalor hasil dari pembakaran batubara peringkat tinggi. Batubara tingkat rendah dapat menghasilkan gas metana yang disebut dengan Coal Bed Methane (CBM). CBM merupakan Gas Methane yang terdapat dan terbentuk pada Batubara selama terjadi aktivitas mikrobial (biogenic) atau panas (thermogenic) dalam proses pembentukan Batubara. Guna mendapatkan kandungan gas yang besar, maka seam batubara haruslah memiliki kedalaman yang besar juga. Semakin dalam maka semakin besar kandungan CBM. Salah satu hal yang berperan besardalam cbm adalah nilai gas content (GC) dan gas in place (GIP). Guna mendapatkan nilai gas content di perlukan perhitungan metode kim dengan menggunakan data proksimat batubara. Kemudian dilakukan perhitungan rumus Mavor Nelson untuk mendapatkan Gas in place dilokasi penelitian. Berdasarkan perhitungan formula kim dan rumus Mavor Nelson gas content sebesar 47-122,2 scf/ton dan gas in place sebesar 1628752 hingga 5987457 m3. berdasarkan penilaian gas content lokasi penelitian berpotensi sebagai pengembangan Coal Bed Methane.
Determinants of Export Organic Supply Chain Performance: Empirical Study of Fruits and Vegetables in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Hoang , Pham Van Kiem , Phan Thanh Tu
Published: October 2021

Based on a sample of 308 enterprises, this paper studies the determinants of export organic supply chain performance. The results indicate seven positive determinants that influence positively the supply chain performance, including: (i) need-satisfying ability (NSA), (ii) relationship management, (iii) information management, (iv) quality management, (v) coordination and cooperation mechanisms, (vi) operation management, and (vii) marketing strategy of the export organic supply chain. In contrast, the differentiated segmentation strategy and cost strategy have no impact on the export organic supply chain performance.
Distally Based Sural Flap in Children: Reliability Technique
Authors: Benjelloun A. , Belmoudden N. , Habla M. , Benkhaldoun M. , Elharti A. , Diouri M.
Published: October 2021

The distally based sural flap often poses the problem of venous suffering that can lead to necrosis. We present a reconstruction of a loss of substance of the ankle in a 6 years old child, using a distal pedicle sural flap, made reliable by a racket like flap method, which reduces the risk of vascular complications and led to good integration of the flap, with a good functional result. Nevertheless, the aesthetic sequelae remain significant.
Laparoscopic Deroofing and Excision of a Large Left Renal Cyst Mimicking Chest Infection: Case Report
Authors: Takure Augustine O. , Adebayo Sikiru A. , Ogun Gabriel O.
Published: October 2021

Background: The routine use of abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography scan has increased the detection of asymptomatic renal cysts. Laparoscopy is usually suitable for treating large symptomatic renal cysts.

Objective: To report a case of laparoscopic treatment of a man with large left renal cyst mimicking chest infection.

Case presentation: A 75-year-old man, known hypertensive who had empirical treatment for chest infection without resolution of symptoms of cough and chest pain. He was on treatment for storage and voiding lower urinary tract symptoms with 10mg alfuzocin. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scan confirmed a large left renal cortical cyst that measured 380mls. He subsequently had transperitoneal laparoscopic deroofing and excision of the renal cyst with operation finding of 300mls of straw coloured fluid excluding spillage. The immediate postoperative period was uneventful, and he was discharged home in a stable condition on the second day. The aspirate yielded no growth while the cytology report of cystic fluid was acute-on-chronic inflammation. Histology was reported as chronic pyelonephritis with cystic degeneration.

Conclusion: Large renal cyst should be considered as differential diagnosis of unresolved chest infection and is safely treated by laparoscopic deroofing and excision.
White Blood Cell Profile among Different Clinical Stages of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Layla Khushbun Nahar , Yeasmin Shahanara , Khan Sharif Ahmed , Shaila Khyrun Nahar , Azad Afrina Binte , Ahmad Rahnuma , Rahman Samina
Published: October 2021

Coronavirus is affecting millions of people world-wide. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is declared a pandemic by WHO. Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent. The clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection range from febrile illness to pneumonia, ARDS and multi organ failures. Increasing scientific evidences have shown that abnormalities in routine laboratory test, particularly haematological parameters influence the outcome of the disease. Here variations in WBC profile in several clinical forms of COVID-19 patients are observed, The clinical course of the disease may change with haematological parameters such as lower total count of WBC, lymphocyte, higher neutrophil count, eosinophil count etc. By investigating haematological parameters of different clinical stage of RT-PCR positive 100 COVID-19 patients, statistically significant association (p value 0.001) of lymphocyte count with disease severity was found. It is also found that higher level of total count WBC, neutrophil count in severe group in comparison to mild and moderate groups but failed to reach any statistical significance. Moreover total count WBC and neutrophil count showed positive correlations but lymphocyte count, eosinophil count and monocyte count showed negative correlation with severity of disease. So, complete analysis of the haematological parameters will be very much helpful for early detection of complications & better control of the disease.
Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Disease – A Case Series
Authors: Agarwal Arun , Jakhar Rekha , Sharma Ambika , Agarwal Aakanksha
Published: October 2021

Objective: To study and document the outcomes of adjuvant use of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy in patients with severe or critical corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report in a case series of five patients who were admitted with severe and critical COVID-19 disease and were treated with adjuvant IVIG along-with the institute's standard of care (SOC) treatment.

Methods: It is a retrospective observational study. We retrospectively collected data on all patients with COVID-19 disease who were hospitalized in author’s unit. The severe and critical disease patients who received IVIg were shortlisted and are discussed.

Results: Data from 101 patients were analyzed. Of them 5 patients were treated with IVIG along with institution’s SOC. 4 patients were male and 1 was female. Except one patient (P2) all were above 60 years of age and all had one or more co morbidities with Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Hypertension (HT) present all of them. 3 patients had past history of pulmonary tuberculosis (P1, P4 and P5). P2 had chronic kidney disease (CKD) and P4 had coronary artery disease (CAD) with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device in situ. Median length of stay was 13 days and 4 of them were discharged.

Conclusions: This small case series demonstrates that administration of IVIg in patients with severe COVID-19 disease, who did not respond to usual standard of care treatment, could improve clinical outcome and reduce mortality rate. It should be especially considered in cases with severe critical COVID-19 disease along with evidence of hyper inflammation /cytokine storm. Clinical efficacy is possibly driven by its anti-cytokine effects, reduction of inflammation by inhibition of complement activation, and down-regulation of B and T cells’ functions. Among the various inflammatory markers IVIg reduced CRP and D Dimer levels. It did not show relevant effect on other inflammation markers. However, multicenter studies with large sample size are needed to substantiate these observations.
Male Partner Involvement in Promoting Antenatal Care and Skilled Delivery Attendance in Bumula Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Nyang’au Rose A. M. , Wanzala Maximilla , Were Tom
Published: October 2021

Globally, male partner involvement in antenatal care and skilled delivery services remains a challenge to effective management of maternal health. Maternal morbidities and mortalities have been increasing due to the underutilization of antenatal care and skilled delivery attendance at a global level. However, developed countries have had a different story on male partner involvement in antenatal care and skilled delivery attendance – most male partners are involved in the process. But sub-Saharan Africa in the global south records the highest percentage of male partners who are never active in accompanying their female counterparts to visit antenatal care and skilled delivery. In Kenya male involvement in maternal services remains low despite it being recognized as one of the pillars of safe motherhood. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate male partner involvement in promoting antenatal care and skilled delivery attendance in Bumula Sub-County of Bungoma County in Kenya. It focused on the level of male partners involvement in maternal health. The study adopted a cross-sectional design. The target populations were married men and community health volunteers. The study had a sample size of 427 persons. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, key in-depth interview guides, focused group discussion guides and observation checklist. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Scientist version 25. Data were presented using tables, figures, narratives and direct quotes. The study found a low level of male involvement (18%) in promoting antenatal care and skilled delivery attendance. Most of the male partners (83.1%) did not plan with their partners for ANC and skilled delivery services, however, (54.1%) accompanied their partners to the clinics. The study concluded There was a low level of male partner involvement in ANC and skilled delivery attendance. About 18% of male partners were involvement in ANC and skilled delivery attendance. There was an improvement of male partner involvement in accompaniment and provision of support. The study recommended that the two levels of government through the Ministry of Health should create awareness campaigns and public education with a targeted massage on negative cultural practices/mindset that hinder male partner involvement in maternal health services in the Bumula sub-county.
Tectono-magmatogenering structures in zones of increased geodynamic instability as priority objects for exploration of hydrogen fields
Authors: Lukin A.E. , Shestopalov V.M.
Published: October 2021

Based on comparison of the migration activity of hydrocarbons, helium and hydrogen, the paper substantiates the types of cap rocks for hydrogen accumulations (pools), which most of all contributes to its partial shieldingat steady feed. Such cap rocks are represented by predominantly smectite clay, pure (without inclusions) salt at depths over 1—2 km, non-fractured quartz sandstone at depths over 4 km, effusive and hypabissal intrusive rocks, as well as basement rocks undisturbed by metamorphic decomposition processes. Endogenous hydrogen isconsidered as the main factor of dissipative structures formation. Occurrence of hydrogen, hydrocarbon and ore macro accumulations is a kind of energy, information-geochemical fluctuations, which are intermediate states of dissipative structures subordinated to the planetary heat and mass transfer processes caused by the deep Earth degassing. In this context, the nature of geodynamic instability (activation of vertical movements, shifts, tensile and compressive stresses) can be considered as a growing sequence of dissipative processes associated with the energy percolation role of endogenous hydrogen. In the hierarchy of ring structures (RS) (from minor depressions to large structures of dozens kilometres in diameter) special attention should be paid to Sribne RS within the Dnieper-Donets Basin and Kaluga RS within the SW part of the Voronezh anteclisepericline. These ring structuresare genetically related to explosion or volcanic calderas, and characterized by ancient origin (Proterozoic) and long-term development, including neo- and actuotectonic stages. Intensity of hydrogen degassing in the Sribne RSis confirmed by micro- and nano-inclusions in the black-shale domanicoid rocks of the productive horizons in the form of particles of native metals(including oxyphile elements Al, Zn, W and others), natural alloys and intermetallids, which are tracers of ascending flows of deep reduced fluids. It is reasonable to assume the occurrence of a large hydrogen or helium-hydrogen field (group of fields) within the Sribne RS in the Lower Visean, Lower Bashkirian and Lower Permian aged rocks, which are shielded by the Lower Permian salt deposits.
Modeling of earthquake source parameters on December 12, 2018 (08:49:56,16; 36,4478° N; 140,5788° E; H = 62,0 km; Mw = 4,3, Japan)
Authors: Pak R.M. , Hrytsai O.D.
Published: October 2021

Modeling of earthquake source parameters, such as the orientation of the fault plane and the direction of the fault slip, is important for understanding the physics of earthquake source processes, determining the stress-strain state of the geological medium and seismic hazard estimation. For modeling source parameters of the earthquake on December 12, 2018 at 08:49:56,16 (UTC) in Japan (36,4478° N, 140,5788° E, Northern Ibaraki Pref region) at a depth of 62 km with a magnitude of Mw = 4.3, the waveforms inversion was used to determine seismic moment tensor and representation it through a focal mechanism. The earthquake source is considered as a point source of seismic waves which propagate in a medium represented by a set of horizontally homogeneous elastic layers. An algorithm for determining seismic tensor components based on the forward problem solved by the matrix method, and using the generalized inverse solution, selecting only direct waves is applied. The input data for determining seismic moment components are data of only direct P waves selected from the observed records at six seismic stations of the Japanese local network NIED F-net: TSK, YMZ, ASI, ONS, SBT, KSK. The seismic moment tensor components were determined through waveform inversion using the matrix method. The obtained results, presented through a focal mechanism, are compared to the results obtained by the National Research Institute of Earth Sciences and Resistance to Natural Disasters (NIED CMT solutions). As a result of focal mechanisms comparison, it is concluded that the proposed algorithm for determining seismic moment tensor components can be used if it is impossible to use another method, or requires some refinement for another method. This approach is especially relevant for regions with low seismicity and insufficient number of stations. In addition, this method reduces the effects of an inaccurate medium model, because direct waves are much less distorted than reflected and converted, and that increases the accuracy and reliability of the method.
Results of recording sonic waves by seismic stations in the territory of Karelia
Authors: Lebedev A.A. , Sharov N.V.
Published: October 2021

In spite of a relatively low seismic activity level, the detailed study of Karelia is not only of theoretical, scientific interest, but is also of practical value which has increased markedly because there are big industrial complexes, gas pipelines and hydrotechnical facilities in the region. The results of recording sonic waves of various nature by stationary and mobile seismic stations are presented. For the observation period 2000—2020 an array of seismic data has been accumulated. In order to correctly understand the nature of the signals under consideration, it should be noted that North Karelia is known to belong to seismic regions, where 5-point earthquakes have taken place earlier. They were distinguished from earthquakes generated by frost cracking by both visual and instrumental data. They are known throughout Fennoscandia. This group comprises both tremors during frost cracking of the soil, primarily with a sharp change in temperature, and frost cracking of ice in inland water bodies. To decide on the nature of ground shaking, it is necessary to pay attention to such signs as the limited area of oscillations and the nature of the wave record. As a result of seismic monitoring of Karelia, the following frost quakes were also recorded: the passage of the bolidi, the take-off of an aircraft, blasting operations during the disposal of ammunition and mining in the immediate vicinity of residential areas and industrial facilities. A wide range of possible sources and examples of sound waveforms are shown. The data obtained indicate the possibility of some shocks with a force of up to 4ѕ5 points in the immediate vicinity of the place of registration, what should be considered in the routine processing of seismic events and seismic hazard assessment in the southeastern Fennoscandian Shield.
The professionalism of vocational high school supervisors: a study of qualitative analysis
Authors: Tasrif Elfi
Published: October 2021

Supervisors carry out educational supervision to develop a better quality learning environment, including vocational high schools (VHS). This research is qualitative research with a case study research design. The main target of the research is VHS supervisors in Padang City. This research is limited to describing the professionalism of supervisors qualitatively. The data sources of this research were crucial informants, who were determined purposively. Data collection techniques with interview and observation techniques. Data analysis by collecting data, coding, linking, and interpreting themes. The results showed that the professionalism of VHS supervisors in carrying out their duties is still not following the quality standards of supervisors. The conclusion is that the supervisor's low professionalism is indicated by the supervisor's low motivation, lack of pride in his profession as a supervisor, the supervisor is not independent, and the supervisor's verbal communication is not good.
Analisis peningkatan aktivitas siswa kelas IX dalam menulis teks cerita inspiratif melalui media audiovisual
Authors: Gusnimar Gusnimar
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to determine the increase in student activity in writing inspirational story texts through audiovisual media in class IX.3 in the 2nd Semester of the 2020/2021 Academic Year at SMPN 1 Kec. Situjuah Limo Nagari. The research method used in this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR), with four activities: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 30 students of class IX.3 consisting of 10 boys and 20 girls. Based on the findings during the study, it can be concluded that students' activity in writing inspirational story texts can be increased through audiovisual media.