bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rapid alignment method for high-precision rotational INS within group affine
Authors: Li Ding , Guo Wei , Lou Qixin , Liu Chao , Luo Hui , Yu Xudong
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a rapid alignment method for high-precision rotation inertial navigation system (RINS) within group affine is proposed based on the Lie group theory. The proposed method can effectively solve the ultimate contradiction of initial alignment: speed and accuracy. It meets the requirements of fast response and high accuracy of high-precision RINS. We abandon the conventional coarse alignment + fine alignment scheme and realize a linear Kalman filter alignment method with arbitrarily initial misalignment based on the Earth-centered Earth-fixed frame RINS mechanization and the Lie group theory. Subsequently, considering the error characteristics of RINS two-position alignment, new left-invariant error model and observation model satisfying the group affine property are constructed to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of alignment. It is verified that the method can complete the initial alignment of arbitrary large misalignment and reach the ultimate accuracy in a short time, and the land vehicle navigation test shows that the proposed alignment method can complete the initial alignment of arbitrary misalignment in 5 min under the swaying disturbance and achieve better pure inertial navigation accuracy compared with the traditional scheme.
Boosting the Curie temperature of GaN monolayer through van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Wang Jin , Zhi Ting , Zhuang Yanling , Tao Zhikuo , Shao Pengfei , Cai Qing , Yang Guofeng , Xue Junjun , Chen Dunjun , Zhang Rong
Published: April 2024

The pursuit of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with high Curie temperature and strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is vital to the advancement of next generation spintronic devices. First-principles calculations are used to study the electronic structures and magnetic characteristics of GaN/VS2 vdW heterostructure under biaxial strain and electrostatic doping. Our findings show that a ferromagnetic ground state with a remarkable Curie temperature (477 K), much above room temperature, exists in GaN/VS2 vdW heterostructure and 100% spin polarization efficiency. Additionally, GaN/VS2 vdW heterostructure still maintains PMA under biaxial strain, which is indispensable for high-density information storage. We further explore the electron, magnetic, and transport properties of VS2/GaN/VS2 vdW sandwich heterostructure, where the magnetoresistivity can reach as high as 40%. Our research indicates that the heterostructure constructed by combining the ferromagnet VS2 and the non-magnetic semiconductor GaN is a promising material for vdW spin valve devices at room temperature.
Hybrid U-Net and Swin-transformer network for limited-angle cardiac computed tomography
Authors: Xu Yongshun , Han Shuo , Wang Dayang , Wang Ge , Maltz Jonathan S , Yu Hengyong
Published: April 2024

Objective. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is widely used for diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Diagnostic performance depends strongly on the temporal resolution of the CT images. To image the beating heart, one can reduce the scanning time by acquiring limited-angle projections. However, this leads to increased image noise and limited-angle-related artifacts. The goal of this paper is to reconstruct high quality cardiac CT images from limited-angle projections. Approach. The ability to reconstruct high quality images from limited-angle projections is highly desirable and remains a major challenge. With the development of deep learning networks, such as U-Net and transformer networks, progresses have been reached on image reconstruction and processing. Here we propose a hybrid model based on the U-Net and Swin-transformer (U-Swin) networks. The U-Net has the potential to restore structural information due to missing projection data and related artifacts, then the Swin-transformer can gather a detailed global feature distribution. Main results. Using synthetic XCAT and clinical cardiac COCA datasets, we demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art deep learning-based methods. Significance. It has a great potential to freeze the beating heart with a higher temporal resolution.
High functional 3D printed PCL/FSMA magnetic composites
Authors: Lambri Fernando Daniel , Bonifacich Federico Guillermo , Lambri Osvaldo Agustín , Khanna Deepali , Pérez-Landazábal José Ignacio , Recarte Vicente , Sánchez-Alarcos Vicente , Lambri Melania Lucila , Zelada Griselda Irene
Published: April 2024

The capacity of adaptability of a three-dimensional-printed composite of polycaprolactone-based containing micro-particles of ferromagnetic shape memory alloy of composition Ni45Mn36.7In13.3Co5 was determined. Composites exhibit an increase in both damping and modulus values up to around 11%, at temperatures close to 325 K, when applying a magnetic field of 120 kA m−1. In addition, composites show also an increase in the damping values of around 50% at temperatures near 333 K, related to the martensitic transformation, which is promoted by an increase in the oscillating strain from 0.5 × 10−4 up to 2 × 10−4 and when applying a magnetic field of 120 kA m−1. Moreover, the maximum temperature of use of the composite can be increased by means of a magnetic field. These adaptability qualities make this functional composite attractive, for the vibration control at elevated temperatures as well as the potential applications in magnetocaloric devices.
Wide-angle metalens array with quadratic phase for terahertz polarization detection
Authors: Qin Chong , Fan Wenhui , Wu Qi , Jiang Xiaoqiang , Yan Hui , Ju Pei
Published: April 2024

With the advances of micro/nano fabrication technology, metasurface has become an alternative to design functional devices for manipulating electromagnetic wave. Metalens is one of the basic electromagnetic functional devices that can be applied in various fields. Currently, polarization measurement based on metalens arrays has been widely investigated, but most of them can only work for normal incident wave due to the limited field-of-view of metalens. Herein, a dielectric wide-angle metalens array (WMA) for the terahertz polarization detection is presented. The WMA is composed of three wide-angle metalenses, each wide-angle metalens is constructed by utilizing quadratic phase profile. The angle tolerance of meta-atoms which constitute the wide-angle metalens is elucidated in detail. The WMA can decompose incident terahertz wave into four channels, and the full Stokes parameters of incident wave is determined by intensities in these four channels. Simulated results show that the WMA proposed here has excellent performance for the polarization detection within incident angle of

±
40
°
.

In addition, this WMA can also be used to detect the phase gradient of incident terahertz wave, the detection error is less than 1.1%. This WMA is promising in the fields of terahertz polarization generation, detection and imaging.
Charge fluctuations on the dust grains in the presence of energetic electrons
Authors: Paul R , Sharma G , Deka K , Moulick R , Adhikari S , Kausik S S , Saikia B K
Published: April 2024

Dust charging is an arbitrary process occurring at random times which results in fluctuations of dust charge around its equilibrium value. To have a better insight into the mechanism of charge fluctuations, a numerical simulation of the statistical nature of the dust charging process is investigated. Here, a multicomponent non-Maxwellian hydrogen plasma comprising two electron groups, positive ions, and dust grains is modelled. An increase in the overall negative dust charge number is reported in the presence of non-Maxwellian electrons. Additionally, the study emphasizes the role of electron distribution and hot electron temperature and density on the charge fluctuations of the dust grains.
Numerical approach on time-fractional Sawada-Kotera equation based on fuzzy extension of generalized dual parametric homotopy algorithm
Authors: Al-Saedi Akeel A , Verma Lalchand , Meher Ramakanta , Nikan Omid
Published: April 2024

This paper develops a fuzzy non-linear fifth-order time-fractional Sawada-Kotera model with a singular kernel and a non-singular Mittag-Leffler kernel. The proposed fractional differential equation is discussed with the Caputo and ABC fractional derivative under strongly generalized results and with fuzzy modelling. A novel double parametric scheme, i.e., q-homotopy analysis generalized transform approach (q-HAGTM), is considered to find the solution of the proposed model with Caputo and ABC fractional derivatives. The problem’s uniqueness and convergence analysis are investigated using Banach’s fixed point theorem. Finally, the numerical results are validated by comparing them with the available results in Caputo and ABC sense under strongly generalized derivatives in the crisp case.
Enhancing CMB map reconstruction and power spectrum estimation with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Costanza Belén , Scóccola Claudia G. , Zaldarriaga Matías
Published: April 2024

The accurate reconstruction of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) maps and the measurement of its power spectrum are
crucial for studying the early universe. In this paper, we implement a convolutional neural network to apply the Wiener Filter to CMB temperature maps, and use it intensively to compute an optimal quadratic estimation of the power spectrum.
Our neural network has a UNet architecture as that implemented in WienerNet, but with novel aspects such as being written in python 3 and TensorFlow 2. It also includes an extra channel for the noise variance map, to account for inhomogeneous noise, and a channel for the mask.
The network is very efficient, overcoming the bottleneck that is typically found in standard methods to compute the Wiener Filter, such as those that apply the conjugate gradient. It scales efficiently with the size of the map, making it a useful tool to include in CMB data analysis.
The accuracy of the Wiener Filter reconstruction is satisfactory, as compared with the standard method. We heavily use this approach to efficiently estimate the power spectrum, by performing a simulation-based analysis of the optimal quadratic estimator. We further
evaluate the quality of the reconstructed maps in terms of the power spectrum and find that we can properly recover the statistical properties of the signal.
We find that the proposed architecture can account for inhomogeneous noise efficiently. Furthermore, increasing the complexity of the variance map presents a more significant challenge for the convergence of the network than the noise level does.
A nearby source of ultra-high energy cosmic rays
Authors: Kuznetsov Mikhail Yu.
Published: April 2024

Recently the Telescope Array collaboration reported an observation of cosmic ray event with very high energy 244 EeV (2.44 × 1020 eV). Importantly, the event is hard to correlate with the matter distribution in the local Universe, even after taking into account deflections in magnetic fields. This implies that the event is likely a nucleus with a large charge. An attenuation length of the nucleus of such a high energy in intergalactic space is quite small, therefore its source should be relatively close to our Galaxy. Using these arguments we derive a new upper bound on a distance to the closest ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) source and a lower bound on the UHECR source number density in general. The distance to the closest source should not exceed 5 Mpc at 95% C.L. and the 95% C.L. lower-bound on the sources number density is ρ > 1.0 × 10-4 Mpc-3. The number density of UHECR sources emitting heavy nuclei is constrained for the first time.
An improved simple model for α decay half-lives*
Authors: Zhu 朱 Xiao-Yan 小彦 , Luo 骆 Song 松 , Gao 高 Wei 玮 , Qi 亓 Lin-Jing 林静 , Li 李 Ming 明 , Li 李 Xiao-Hua 小华 , Lin 林 Wen-Bin 文斌
Published: April 2024

In this paper, using the α particle preformation probabilities

from Xu et al. [Xu and Ren, Nucl. Phys. A 760, 303 (2005)], which were extracted by fitting experimental half-lives of α decay, based on a phenomenological harmonic oscillator potential model (HOPM) [Bayrak, J Phys G 47, 025102 (2020)], refitting 178 α decay half-lives of even-even nuclei obtained from the latest nuclear property table NUBASE2020, we obtain the only one adjustable parameter

MeV in the HOPM, i.e., the depth of nuclear potential. The corresponding root-mean-square (rms) deviation is

. Furthermore, to consider the contribution of centrifugal potential to unfavored α decay half-lives, adding a new term

(d and l are the adjustable parameter and orbital angular momentum carried away by emitted α particle) to the logarithmic form of favored α decay half-lives under the HOPM framework, we propose an improved simple model (ISM) for calculating favored and unfavored α decay half-lives. Fitting the experimental half-lives of 205 unfavored α decay, we obtain

. The ISM is used to calculate the unfavored α decay half-lives of 128 odd-A and 77 odd-odd nuclei. The results improve by 54.2% and 53.6%, respectively, compared with HOPM. In addition, we extend the ISM to predict the α decay half-lives of 144 nuclei with

, and 120. For comparison, the improved model with eight parameters (DUR) proposed by Deng et al. [Deng, Phys. Rev. C 101, 034307 (2020)] and the modified universal decay law (MUDL) proposed by Soylu et al. [Soylu, Nucl. Phys. A 1013, 122221 (2021)] are also used. The predictions of these models and/or formulas are generally consistent with each other.
The ALMA-QUARKS Survey. II. The ACA 1.3 mm Continuum Source Catalog and the Assembly of Dense Gas in Massive Star-Forming Clumps
Authors: Xu 许 Fengwei 峰玮 , Wang Ke , Liu Tie , Zhu Lei , Garay Guido , Liu Xunchuan , Goldsmith Paul , Zhang Qizhou , Sanhueza Patricio , Qin Shengli , He Jinhua , Juvela Mika , Tej Anandmayee , Liu Hongli , Li Shanghuo , Morii Kaho , Zhang Siju , Zhou Jianwen , Stutz Amelia , Evans Neal J. , Kim Kee-Tae , Liu Shengyuan , Mardones Diego , Li Guangxing , Bronfman Leonardo , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Lee Chang Won , Lu Xing , Mai Xiaofeng , Jiao Sihan , Chibueze James O. , Su Keyun , Tóth Viktor L.
Published: April 2024

Leveraging the high resolution, sensitivity, and wide frequency coverage of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), the QUARKS survey, standing for “Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures”, is observing 139 massive star-forming clumps at ALMA Band 6 (λ ∼ 1.3 mm). This paper introduces the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) 7 m data of the QUARKS survey, describing the ACA observations and data reduction. Combining multi-wavelength data, we provide the first edition of QUARKS atlas, offering insights into the multiscale and multiphase interstellar medium in high-mass star formation. The ACA 1.3 mm catalog includes 207 continuum sources that are called ACA sources. Their gas kinetic temperatures are estimated using three formaldehyde transitions with a non-LTE radiation transfer model, and the mass and density are derived from a dust emission model. The ACA sources are massive (16–84 percentile values of 6–160 M
⊙), gravity-dominated (M ∝ R
1.1) fragments within massive clumps, with supersonic turbulence (

M
>
1

) and embedded star-forming protoclusters. We find a linear correlation between the masses of the fragments and the massive clumps, with a ratio of 6% between the two. When considering fragments as representative of dense gas, the ratio indicates a dense gas fraction (DGF) of 6%, although with a wide scatter ranging from 1% to 10%. If we consider the QUARKS massive clumps to be what is observed at various scales, then the size-independent DGF indicates a self-similar fragmentation or collapsing mode in protocluster formation. With the ACA data over four orders of magnitude of luminosity-to-mass ratio (L/M), we find that the DGF increases significantly with L/M, which indicates clump evolutionary stage. We observed a limited fragmentation at the subclump scale, which can be explained by a dynamic global collapse process.
Hydrogen removal by electron cyclotron wall conditioning with neon gas and its impact of tokamak plasma start-up on the QUEST spherical tokamak
Authors: Fukumoto Masakatsu , Yue Qilin , Hanada Kazuaki , Kojima Shinichiro , Nakano Tomohide , Yoshida Naoaki , Ikezoe Ryuya , Nagashima Yoshihiko , Ido Takeshi , Onchi Takumi , Idei Hiroshi , Iguchi Hiroki , Komiyama Takumi , Shikama Taiichi , Ejiri Akira , Masuzaki Suguru , Sakamoto Mizuki , Ueda Yoshio , Kuroda Kengoh , Kono Kaori , Shimabukuro Shun , Higashijima Aki
Published: April 2024

Electron cyclotron wall conditioning with neon gas (Ne-ECWC) has been performed on the normal conducting spherial tokamak QUEST with metal walls under a trapped particle configuration with O-mode EC waves including X-mode polarization with a frequency of 8.2 GHz and an injection power of 16 kW. The Ne-ECWC removes hydrogen from the wall with small neon retention. The Ne-ECWC decreases hydrogen recycling at the following tokamak discharges, contributing to an improvement of the following tokamak plasma start-up: the plasma current increases and the start-up timing of the plasma current shifts forward. However, defects such as voids and bubbles are formed on tungsten surface exposed to the Ne-ECWC plasma.
Status of dual-readout calorimetry for future high-energy physics experiments
Authors: Pareti A. ,   the IDEA dual-readout calorimeter group
Published: April 2024

Future experiments at high energy e
+
e
- colliders will focus on extremely precise Standard Model measurements. Among the most important physics benchmarks, there is the capability to resolve the Higgs decays into W or Z pairs, in their completely hadronic decay modes (4 jets in the final state), only based on the invariant mass of the jet pair coming from decay of the on-shell boson. This translates into a relative energy resolution target of 30%/√E, well beyond current detector performances. Dual-readout calorimetry is a technique which aims to improve the energy resolution, for single hadrons and hadronic jets, exploiting the information produced by two different physical processes, namely scintillation and Čerenkov light emission. The IDEA detector, whose concept has been included in both the FCC and CEPC Conceptual Design Reports, is based on a dual-readout fibre calorimeter with independent fibre readout exploiting Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs). The individual SiPM information will be beneficial for a highly granular calorimeter design, opening up to advanced reconstruction techniques such as Particle Flow and a variety of neural network algorithms.
In this paper the status of calorimeter prototypes that have been developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the dual-readout method in association with the high granularity feature is illustrated. The specific choice for the design of each prototype is presented, together with the performances achieved at high-energy test beams or through simulations.
The analog front end for FastRICH: an ASIC for the LHCb RICH detector upgrade
Authors: Manera R. , Ballabriga R. , Mauricio J. , Kaplon J. , Paterno A. , Bandi F. , Gómez S. , Pulli A. , Portero S. , Silva J. , Keizer F. , d'Ambrosio C. , Campbell M. , Gascón D.
Published: April 2024

This work presents the analog circuitry of the FastRICH ASIC, a 16-channel ASIC, developed
in a 65 nm CMOS technology specifically designed for the RICH detector at LHCb to readout
detectors like Photomultiplier Tubes to be used at the LHC Run 4 and Silicon Photomultipliers
candidates for Run 5. The front-end (FE) stage has an input impedance below 50 Ω and an
input dynamic range from 5 μA to 5 mA with a power consumption of ∼5 mW/channel. The chip
includes a Leading Edge Comparator (LED) and a Constant Fraction Discriminator (CFD) for time
pick-off and a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) for digitization.
Fibroblast matrix implants—a better alternative for incisional hernia repair?
Authors: Hendrawan Siufui , Lheman Jennifer , Weber Ursula , Oberkofler Christian Eugen , Eryani Astheria , Vonlanthen René , Baer Hans Ulrich
Published: April 2024

The standard surgical procedure for abdominal hernia repair with conventional prosthetic mesh still results in a high recurrence rate. In the present study, we propose a fibroblast matrix implant (FMI), which is a three-dimensional (3D) poly-L-lactic acid scaffold coated with collagen (matrix) and seeded with fibroblasts, as an alternative mesh for hernia repair. The matrix was seeded with fibroblasts (cellularized) and treated with a conditioned medium (CM) of human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUC-MSC). Fibroblast proliferation and function were assessed and compared between treated with CM hUC-MSC and untreated group, 24 h after seeding onto the matrix (n = 3). To study the matrices in vivo, the hernia was surgically created on male Sprague Dawley rats and repaired with four different grafts (n = 3), including a commercial mesh (mesh group), a matrix without cells (cell-free group), a matrix seeded with fibroblasts (FMI group), and a matrix seeded with fibroblasts and cultured in medium treated with 1% CM hUC-MSC (FMI-CM group). In vitro examination showed that the fibroblasts’ proliferation on the matrices (treated group) did not differ significantly compared to the untreated group. CM hUC-MSC was able to promote the collagen synthesis of the fibroblasts, resulting in a higher collagen concentration compared to the untreated group. Furthermore, the in vivo study showed that the matrices allowed fibroblast growth and supported cell functionality for at least 1 month after implantation. The highest number of fibroblasts was observed in the FMI group at the 14 d endpoint, but at the 28 d endpoint, the FMI-CM group had the highest. Collagen deposition area and neovascularization at the implantation site were observed in all groups without any significant difference between the groups. FMI combined with CM hUC-MSC may serve as a better option for hernia repair, providing additional reinforcement which in turn should reduce hernia recurrence.
Interannual synchronization of the North American summer monsoon and the North Atlantic tropical cyclone genesis frequency
Authors: Luo Jianzhou , Weng Jinwen , Luo Weijian , Wang Lei
Published: April 2024

Variations of the North American summer monsoon (NASM) and North Atlantic tropical cyclone (NATC) activities strongly influence climate anomalies in North America, with serious potential risk to life and property. Despite the scientific importance of this topic, the possible linkage between the NASM and the NATC genesis frequency remains unexplored. Here, we aim to examine the relationship between interannual variations of the NASM intensity and the NATC genesis frequency based on observations and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. Our results show a strong association between the NASM intensity and the NATC genesis frequency during the extended boreal summer, with a good synchronization between their interannual variations. In years with stronger (weaker) NASM intensity, the NATC genesis frequency tends to be higher (lower). The observed NASM–NATC synchronization may be explained by two pathways: tropical-ocean-driven pathway and monsoon-heating-driven pathway. In the tropical-ocean-driven pathway, the tropical Pacific and Atlantic interbasin sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies play a critical role in bridging the NASM and NATC, by modulating the cross-Central American wind. Simulations of the tropical Pacific–Atlantic interbasin SST anomalies are critical for CMIP6 models to capture the observed linkage between the NASM and the vertical wind shear over the NATC main development region (MDR). In the monsoon-heating-driven pathway, the heating source due to the rainfall anomalies associated with the NASM can trigger atmospheric circulation anomalies through the Gill-type response, thereby affecting the NATC by changing the vertical wind shear over the MDR. This study demonstrates a connection between interannual variations of the NASM and the NATC genesis frequency, results of which can be used to advance our understanding of the monsoon–TC relationship and increase research focus on the interannual NASM–NATC synchronization in climate prediction.
Analysis of Feeding Habits and Biological Aspect of Yellow Stripe Trevally (Selaroides leptolepis) Caught at the Lekok Coast, Pasuruan, East Java
Authors: Herawati E Y , Wiratno E N , Rusydi A N , Elisabet O , Valina R
Published: April 2024

The fish population in waters can decrease due to the uncontrolled utilization of fish resources. Food is one of the determining factors for the population and condition of fish in the waters. Considering the economic and ecological importance of the yellow trevally in food webs, this research was conducted to analyze the feeding habits and biological aspects of the yellow trevally in Pesisir Lekok. This study used a descriptive data analysis with complete randomized design. The research was conducted from May to July 2023 at Pesisir Lekok, Pasuruan, East Java. The results showed that the yellow trevally is carnivorous with the dominant food found being zooplankton from the genus Microcalanus sp. with a frequency of occurrence of 41%. The highest plankton composition found in the stomach of the yellow trevally was the phytoplankton of the Aulacoseira genus, which was 22.2%. Meanwhile, the foods most preferred by the yellow trevally are Rotifera and Charophyta with an index value of +1. The biological aspect of the yellow trevally seen from the length-weight relationship shows that the growth pattern of the yellow trevally is negative allometric with a b value of 2.651. While the condition factor range average values are 1.009 – 1.027. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for efforts to support the sustainable management of fisheries resources, especially the yellow trevally in the coastal waters of Lekok.
Use of Serratia marcescens MY1112 as Probiotic Bacteria for Tiger Shrimp Culture in the Acid-sulfate Soil Ponds
Authors: Atmomarsono M , Nurbaya  , Nurhidayah  , Susianingsih E
Published: April 2024

Probiotic bacteria have been commonly used for disease prevention in aquaculture systems, but sometimes these probiotic bacteria do not work in certain ponds. This experiment aimed to find out if the probiotic bacteria of Serratia marcescens MY1112 could work properly for tiger shrimp culture in acid-sulfate soil ponds. Eight 0.5-ha ponds located in Samataring village of Sinjai regency were used. Two treatments of bacteria probiotic combinations were applied here, namely A) Brevibacillus laterosporus BT951, Serratia marcescens MY1112, and Bacillus licheniformis BM58; and B) Use of Bacillus subtilis BM12 to replace S. marcescens MY1112 in the bacteria combination. The shrimp production and their survival rate in treatment A were significantly better than those of treatment B. However, probiotic bacteria of Serratia marcescens MY1112 could work better in the acid-sulfate soil pond if combined with the dolomite application weekly.
Habitat suitability model of future coral reef region in the Halmahera Waters under the projection of environmental pressures from future climate change and coastal pollution
Authors: Hidayah I , Januar H I , Humaida N
Published: April 2024

The coral reef region of the Halmahera waters situated within the tropical area of the coral triangle, covers approximately 193,126 km2, with coral reef habitats occupying roughly 958.47 km2. The coral reefs in Halmahera waters are essential for ecosystem services and local fisheries. However, they are at risk from climate change and coastal pollution. This study aimed to develop habitat suitability models for coral reefs in the Halmahera waters under future climate change scenarios. MaxEnt modeling was employed to project suitability for the coral Acropora spp. using occurrence data. Suitability projections were made for 2050 under IPCC RCP 2.6, 6.0, and 8.5 scenarios, assuming no measures are taken to mitigate coastal water pollution. Environmental factors considered in the modeling included temperature, salinity, current velocity, pH, sunlight penetration, and chlorophyll levels. Results demonstrated a significant decline in habitat suitability, with an 85% loss of highly suitable areas under RCP 2.6 – 8.5 compared to current conditions (741 km2). Chlorophyll levels, a marker of coastal pollution, were predicted to be the most influential factor, followed by temperature and salinity. The findings highlight the need to reduce global carbon emissions and implement conservation measures to mitigate coastal water pollution in preserving coral reef habitats.
The river health of Alista River based on macroinvertebrates communities at Selorejo Village Dau Subdistrict Malang Regency
Authors: Sudaryanti S , Herawati E Y
Published: April 2024

The Alista River is one of the rivers in the upstream Brantas watershed which has relatively natural conditions, but currently there are agricultural activities on the riverbank. The aim of this study was to analyze the health status in Alista River based on the macroinvertebrate communities. This study uses a survey method. Sampling was carried out at 5 stations based on different land use. Sampling of macroinvertebrates used the kicking technique with a hand net with a mesh size of 500 μm in a 10 meter long riffle area. Data analysis used the value of BMWP index (Biological Monitoring Working Party) and the ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon). The results of the identification of macroinvertebrates found were 38 families for instance Glossossomatidae, Lepidosmatidae, and Richardsonianidae. The families belong to 10 orders and 3 classes. The lowest family is 11 families at station 5 (citrus and bamboo gardens). The highest families are 29 families at station 3 (citrus gardens and forests). The results show BMWP-ASPT score ranged from 6.3–4.3 indicating excellent to moderately poor health status. Stations with excellent categories, namely stations 1,2,3,4. Station land use 1,2,3 secondary forest before tourism was discovered including Glossosomatidae. Station 4′s land use is in the form of a tourism location and Lumbriculidae has been found. Stations in the moderately poor category, namely station 5 which is located after tourism sites (citrus gardens and settlements) were found Richardsonianidae.
Distribution of microplastics in Lusi Island, Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Authors: Salamah L N , Al-Zamzami I M , Pramudia Z , Susanti Y A D , Dhea L A , Kurniawan A
Published: April 2024

Lusi Island, situated downstream of the Brantas River, is anticipated to harbour significant microplastics from Brantas River runoff. Consequently, a thorough analysis of the microplastic presence on Lusi Island is crucial for effective pollution mitigation. Despite the critical need for such investigations, more studies must report the abundance of microplastics in this locale. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the abundance of microplastics in the downstream area of the Brantas River, specifically Lusi Island. The research not only delves into the prevalence of microplastics but also investigates various water quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, turbidity, and total dissolved oxygen. The study reveals that the abundance of microplastics in Lusi Island ranges from 597 to 787 particles per litre in surface water samples. Three distinct types of microplastics—fragments, fibres, and film—were identified on the island. Notably, microplastic fragments dominate in number compared to other forms. Despite the favourable water quality parameters suggesting a healthy aquatic environment, the study underscores the necessity of implementing mitigation measures to address microplastic pollution effectively.
Blood and Micronuclei Analysis of Tawes Fish (Barbonymus gonionotus) Correlation with Water Quality in the Boon Pring Ecotourism Area, Turen, Malang Regency
Authors: Hertika A M S , Risjani Y , Buwono N R , Kei S A A , Heratiana Y Y , Nur Z K , Ashari F I A , Alfarisi M A , Halimah M F
Published: April 2024

Tawes (Barbonymus gonionotus) is a type of endemic fish that lives in the Boon Pring Reservoir, Turen, and Malang Regency. This study aims to analyze the water quality and blood profile of Tawes Fish (Barbonymus gonionotus) in Boon Pring Ecotourism and to determine the relationship between water quality and fish health through their blood profile using the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) method. The results obtained after measuring the water quality during two samplings at both locations were that the temperature ranged from 21.7–27C, TDS 111–145 mg/l, TSS 2-4 mg/l, pH 6-6.7, DO 8–10.1 mg/l, BOD 0.44-0.98 mg/l, and ammonia 0.026–0.075 mg/l. Both locations are classified as having good or normal conditions. Observations on the blood profile of Tawes fish (Barbonymus gonionotus) are healthy and normal. The average number of erythrocytes was 2,586,667 cells/mm3, leukocytes were 60,500 cells/mm3, lymphocytes were 76.8%, monocytes were 1.4%, neutrophils were 3.3%, hemoglobin was 9.8 g/mL, hematocrit was 34.6%, and micronuclei were 12.3 cells/1000. The results of data analysis using CCA showed that all blood and micronuclei profiles of fish were affected by water quality parameters, both significantly and moderately to severely.
Study of the structure and characterization of membranes reinforced with CuO-NPs/Graphene Oxide using bacterial cellulose extracted from Sargassum sp. for water nanofiltration system
Authors: Yanuhar U , Evanuarini H , Musa M , Suryanto H , Maulana J , Wardani N P , Machfuda D R , Caesar N R
Published: April 2024

Bacterial cellulose membranes find extensive applications in industries involving water purification, wastewater treatment, and biomedical uses. Nevertheless, prevailing membranes suffer from drawbacks like water flow hindrances and fouling susceptibility. Hence, the pressing need for more efficient and robust BC membranes. This study aims to assess the impact of a hybrid treatment involving Copper Oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) and Graphene Oxide (GO) on bacterial nanocellulose membranes. The research employed two treatments: (1) control (BNCA), and (2) Bacterial cellulose infused with 0.5 wt% CuO-NPs/GO. The nanocellulose production involved a high-pressure homogenizer, followed by acetate nanocellulose synthesis and nanocomposite membrane functionalization with CuO nanoparticles. SEM, FTIR, and XRD analyses characterized the membranes. Successfully formed seaweed-derived bacterial cellulose had a thickness of 1-3 cm. Characterization showed it belonged to Cellulose type I with a crystalline degree ranging from 82.3% to 83.1%. FTIR analysis of dry BNCA membranes indicated changes in transmittance at 1738, 1554, and 764 cm-1 due to CuO-NPs/GO addition, altering the O-H bond in bacterial cellulose. Based on the results of the above research, it is evident that the Membrane Reinforced with CuO-NPs/Graphene Oxide has been successfully developed and holds potential as a water nanofiltration system.
The effect of liquid smoke (Cocos nucifera) in controlling acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Nasuki  , Rizky Putri Nurhanida , Harijono T , Ritonga L B R , Edy M H , Suprakto B , Primasari K , Nazran
Published: April 2024

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is found in coastal environments throughout the world and is a major pathogen that causes Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) with mass mortalities in Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Penaues vannamei). The extract of coconut shell liquid smoke (Cocos nucifera) was tested for antibacterial effect against AHPND in vitro. It was further evaluated for its potential efficacy in preventing AHPND in vannamei shrimp in vivo. The water in this study has been tested and positive for Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Two experimental diets were obtained by adding 0.5% and 1% liquid smoke to a commercial shrimp diet. The dietary supplementation with liquid smoke significantly enhanced shrimp growth performance during 90 days of rearing. A liquid concentration of 0.5% showed a higher growth performance (17.56 gr) than a 1% concentration (14.4 gr). Liquid smoke added to the shrimp fed partially entered the shrimp’s digestive system, and some would dissolve into the water. This water-soluble bioactive is thought to reduce the concentration of V. parahaemolyticus in waters. This was proven by the fact that no shrimp were infected with V. parahaemolyticus during the 90-day rearing.
Effect of various local natural ingredients fortified in fish feed on the gonad histology and water quality of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Hariati A M , Mahariawan I M D , Yuniarti A , Wiadnya D G R
Published: April 2024

The addition of natural ingredients fortified in fish feed was developed to enhance good formulation engineering. Currently, there is a need to improve follow-up research strategies for designed feed formulations using natural ingredients in tilapia farming. It is hoped that a sustainable and eco-friendly fish farming system will be improved. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of local natural ingredients fortified in fish feed on the gonad histology and water quality of tilapia (O. niloticus). Following these results, the histology test of tilapia showed that more than 50% of the gonad tended to be male in all treatments. This showed that the use of natural ingredients in the appropriate dosage in feed would affect the masculinization of tilapia. Furthermore, the specific growth rate (SGR) with the addition of natural ingredients to the feed showed results comparable to that of synthetic hormones. It can be concluded that the use of natural ingredients such as honey, cow testes, and Tribulus fortified in fish feed revealed a positive effect on the masculinization of tilapia and water quality levels in the fish farming system.
Pulsed electromagnetic field-assisted reduced graphene oxide composite 3D printed nerve scaffold promotes sciatic nerve regeneration in rats
Authors: Wang Zichao , Li Shijun , Wu Zongxi , Kang Yifan , Xie Shang , Cai Zhigang , Shan Xiaofeng , Li Qing
Published: April 2024

Peripheral nerve injuries can lead to sensory or motor deficits that have a serious impact on a patient’s mental health and quality of life. Nevertheless, it remains a major clinical challenge to develop functional nerve conduits as an alternative to autologous grafts. We applied reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a bioactive conductive material to impart electrophysiological properties to a 3D printed scaffold and the application of a pulsed magnetic field to excite the formation of microcurrents and induce nerve regeneration. In vitro studies showed that the nerve scaffold and the pulsed magnetic field made no effect on cell survival, increased S-100β protein expression, enhanced cell adhesion, and increased the expression level of nerve regeneration-related mRNAs. In vivo experiments suggested that the protocol was effective in promoting nerve regeneration, resulting in functional recovery of sciatic nerves in rats, when they were damaged close to that of the autologous nerve graft, and increased expression of S-100β, NF200, and GAP43. These results indicate that rGO composite nerve scaffolds combined with pulsed magnetic field stimulation have great potential for peripheral nerve rehabilitation.
Silver nitrate-assisted photo-crosslinking for enhancing the mechanical properties of an alginate/silk fibroin-based 3D scaffold
Authors: Moon Seo Hyung , Choi Geunho , Cha Hyung Joon , Yang Yun Jung
Published: April 2024

Scaffolds play a pivotal role in tissue engineering and serve as vital biological substitutes, providing structural support for cell adhesion and subsequent tissue development. An ideal scaffold must possess mechanical properties suitable for tissue function and exhibit biodegradability. Although synthetic polymer scaffolds offer high rigidity and elasticity owing to their reactive side groups, which facilitate tailored mechanical and rheological properties, they may lack biological cues and cause persistent side effects during degradation. To address these challenges, natural polymers have garnered attention owing to their inherent bioactivity and biocompatibility. However, natural polymers such as silk fibroin (SF) and tyramine-modified alginate (AT) have limitations, including uncontrolled mechanical properties and weak structural integrity. In this study, we developed a blend of SF and AT as a printable biomaterial for extrusion-based 3D printing. Using photocrosslinkable SF/AT inks facilitated the fabrication of complex scaffolds with high printability, thereby enhancing their structural stability. The incorporation of silver nitrate facilitated the tunability of mechanical and rheological behaviors. SF/AT scaffolds with varying stiffness in the physiologically relevant range for soft tissues (51–246 kPa) exhibited excellent biocompatibility, indicating their promising potential for diverse applications in tissue engineering.
A study on the optimization and functionalization of zirconia-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes through hydrothermal process
Authors: K Suhas , BRN Murthy , Hiremath Anupama
Published: April 2024

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as revolutionary nanomaterials with exceptional properties. This study focuses on optimizing acid treatment conditions for functionalizing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and investigates the synthesis of zirconia coated MWCNTs. Acid treatment was conducted with HNO3 and H2SO4 their combinations with different molarity concentrations. Acid oxidation, particularly with nitric acid, enhances CNT solubility and reactivity. The research explores the incorporation of acid treated MWCNTs into ceramic composites, addressing challenges in dispersion and bonding. Additionally, a hydrothermal process is employed to coat MWCNTs with zirconia, contributing to the development of nanocomposites with unique properties. Characterization studies, including SEM, TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, provide insights into structural and chemical aspects. The findings contribute to advancing the application of CNT-based nanocomposites in various technological fields. The study’s methodology, involving acid treatment optimization and hydrothermal synthesis, provides a robust foundation for further advancements in the field of nanomaterials and composites. This novel approach results in ZrO2-coated MWCNTs, showcasing potential applications in catalysts, oxygen sensors, fuel cells, electronic devices and also as a reinforcing material.
Solvent free fabrication and thermal tuning of copper oxide-zirconium dioxide nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic efficacy
Authors: Zain Maqsoom , Yasin Khawaja Ansar , Haq Sirajul , Shujaat Shafia , Syed Asad , Elgorban Abdallah M , Bahkali Ali H , Razzokov Jamoliddin , Rehman Zia Ur
Published: April 2024

Recently, several methods has been used for the synthesis of bimetal oxide nanocomposite, however, very few studies are available on the solvent free mechanochemical synthesis of nanomaterials. In this study, mortar and pestle assisted fabrication of copper oxide-zirconium dioxide nanocomposite (CuO–ZrO2 NC) was carried out and was calcined at 300, 600 and 900 °C. The variation in crystallographic parameters was examined through x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the crystallite size was found to be gradually increased with increasing calcination temperature. The morphological changes with increasing calcination temperature were traced during scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The percentage elemental composition was verified through energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy whereas the functional group analysis was done through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, where the intensity of peaks assigned to hydroxyl moiety decreased with increasing calcination temperature. The CuO–ZrO2 NCs were used as a photocatalysts for the degradation of the Fluorescein in the presence of solar light and highest photodegradation (77.27%) was noticed for the CuO–ZrO2 NC calcined at 900 °C.
An optically pumped magnetic gradiometer for the detection of human biomagnetism
Authors: Cook Harry , Bezsudnova Yulia , Koponen Lari M , Jensen Ole , Barontini Giovanni , Kowalczyk Anna U
Published: April 2024

We realise an intrinsic optically pumped magnetic gradiometer based on non-linear magneto-optical rotation. We show that our sensor can reach a gradiometric sensitivity of 18 fT

cm

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1

Hz

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1

and can reject common mode homogeneous magnetic field noise with up to 30 dB attenuation. We demonstrate that our magnetic field gradiometer is sufficiently sensitive and resilient to be employed in biomagnetic applications. In particular, we are able to record the auditory evoked response of the human brain, and to perform real-time magnetocardiography in the presence of external magnetic field disturbances. Our gradiometer provides complementary capabilities in human biomagnetic sensing to optically pumped magnetometers, and opens new avenues in the detection of human biomagnetism.
Recyclable plastic waste segregation with deep learning based hand-eye coordination
Authors: Sundaralingam Sathiyapoobalan , Ramanathan Neela
Published: April 2024

Plastic waste management is a critical concern in municipal solid waste management systems worldwide. Despite the efforts of waste management personnel to segregate waste manually, the existing challenges persist. In municipal waste facilities, individuals responsible for waste segregation face numerous obstacles. Consequently, a significant amount of plastic waste ends up in landfills, exacerbating the plastic waste problem. To overcome these challenges, this research focuses on developing an automated system capable of categorizing plastic waste based on its visual characteristics. The trained model exhibits high precision in identifying various types of plastic waste, including PET, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, PP, and PS. Specifically, the model achieves an Average Precision of 0.917 and an Average Recall of 0.801. Moreover, the model maintains a good balance between precision and recall. In real-time operation, an overhead camera locates the positions of both the waste items and the gripper. By calculating the positional difference between the waste and the gripper, the system achieves a higher level of segregation accuracy, resembling human-like hand-eye coordination. The proposed system offers a solution to the challenges faced in MSW facilities, where the timely segregation of waste is crucial. By automating the plastic waste categorization process, the system can significantly improve waste management practices, leading to a more sustainable approach to plastic waste disposal and recycling.
Analysis of mechanical and shape memory properties of biocompatible shape memory polymers with different Fe3O4 contents
Authors: Kim Minseok , Kim Young Bin , Lee Minjong , Chun Heoung-Jae
Published: April 2024

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) can recall their original shape when exposed to environmental factors like heat, light, or magnetic fields. These SMPs are extensively used in medical applications, notably in stents, due to their shape memory and biocompatibility after implantation in the human body. However, conventional stents require balloons for expansion, limiting their flexibility. To address this, the study developed an SMP material that can regain its original shape without the need for a balloon. To effectively induce self-response, magnetically responsive Fe3O4 nanoparticles at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% were integrated, and their dispersion was verified using scanning electron microscopy. The study also utilized differential scanning calorimetry to measure the glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature, and melting point of the synthesized polymers. The confirmation of uniformly dispersed nanoparticles revealed that the synthesized polymers exhibited a high shape memory ratio (84%–93%). Shape memory ratio represents the ability to return from a temporarily deformed state to the initial, original shape. Therefore, the biocompatible, magnetic-responsive SMP developed in this study has the potential to be utilized in various medical devices as an advanced shape-memory material.