bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ion‐Engineered Clay Nanozyme via Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling for Enhanced Tumor Therapy
Authors: Wei Shiqi , Yuan Yiting , Xie Weimin , Liao Juan , Li Rui , Chen Ying , Yang Huaming
Published: October 2024

Metal ions show tremendous promise for tumor therapy due to their critical roles in many important catalytic circulations and immune processes. However, the valence state variability and systemic side‐effects of metal ions cause ineffective ion enrichment in tumor cells, which limit their further application. Here, a Mn3+ ion delivery system (Mn‐HNT) is constructed based on halloysite nanotubes (HNT) via an ion‐engineered strategy. Due to the stabilizing effect of HNT on Mn3+ ions, Mn‐HNT not only maintained the valence state of Mn3+ ions, but also presented strong catalase (CAT)‐ and glutathione oxidase (GSHOx)‐like catalytic activity to catalyze O2 generation and GSH consumption to relieve the inhibition of tumor microenvironment on photodynamic therapy (PDT). After further coordination with the photosensitizer porphyrin (TCPP), obtained TCPP‐Mn‐HNT not only inherited the catalytic properties of Mn‐HNT to produce oxygen and consume GSH, but acted as photosensitizer for ROS accumulation to effectively destroy tumor cells. Moreover, TCPP‐Mn‐HNT can promote the maturation of dendritic cells (≈2.8 times), and present the tumor antigen triggered by PDT to T cells to strengthen high‐efficient tumor therapy. The study provides new opportunities for designing metal ion delivery system with versatile biofunctions and offers a paradigm of synergistic metal‐ion‐mediated tumor therapy.
Giant Valley Zeeman Splitting in Vanadium‐Doped WSe2 Monolayers
Authors: Sousa Frederico B. , Matos Matheus J. S. , Carvalho Bruno R. , Liu Mingzu , Ames Alessandra , Zhou Da , Resende Geovani C. , Yu Zhuohang , Lafeta Lucas , Pimenta Marcos A. , Terrones Mauricio , Teodoro Marcio D. , Chacham Helio , Malard Leandro M.
Published: October 2024

2D dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) offer an innovative pathway for advancing spintronic technologies, including the potential to exploit phenomena such as the valley Zeeman effect. However, the impact of magnetic ordering on the valley degeneracy breaking and on the enhancement of the optical transitions g‐factors of these materials remains an open question. Here, a giant effective g‐factors ranging between ≈−27 and −69 for the bound exciton at 4 K in vanadium‐doped WSe2 monolayers, obtained through magneto‐photoluminescence (PL) experiments is reported. This giant g‐factor disappears at room temperature, suggesting that this response is associated with a magnetic ordering of the vanadium impurity states at low temperatures. Ab initio calculations for the vanadium‐doped WSe2 monolayer confirm the existence of magnetic ordering of the vanadium states, which leads to degeneracy breaking of the valence bands at K and K′. A phenomenological analysis is employed to correlate this splitting with the measured enhanced effective g‐factor. The findings shed light on the potential of defect engineering of 2D materials for spintronic applications.
Unraveling the Ionic Storage Mechanism of Flexible Nitrogen‐Doped MXene Films for High‐Performance Aqueous Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Xie Yangyang , Chen Guanglei , Tang Yi , Wang Zhenyu , Zhou Jianghong , Bi Zhao , Xuan Xiaodie , Zou Junhui , Zhang Aibo , Yang Chenhui
Published: October 2024

2D MXene nanomaterials have excellent potential for application in novel electrochemical energy storage technologies such as supercapacitors and batteries, but the existing pure MXene is difficult to meet the practical needs. Although the electrochemical properties of modified MXene have been improved, the unclear ion storage mechanism still hinders the development of MXene‐based electrode materials. Herein, the study develops flexible self‐supported nitrogen‐doped Ti3C2 (Py‐Ti3C2) films by the highly mobile, high nitrogen content, oxygen‐free pyridine‐assisted solvothermal method, and then deeply investigates the energy storage mechanism of hybrid supercapacitors in four aqueous electrolytes (H2SO4, Li2SO4, Na2SO4, and MgSO4). The experimental results suggest that the Py‐Ti3C2 film electrode exhibits a pseudocapacitance‐dominated energy storage mechanism. Particularly, the specific capacity of the Py‐Ti3C2 in 1 M H2SO4 (506 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) is 4–5 times higher than other electrolytes (≈110 F g−1), which could be attributed to the substantially higher ionic diffusion coefficient of H+ than those of Li+, Na+, Mg2+ with small ionic size, high ionic conductivity, and fast pseudocapacitance response. Theoretical analysis further confirms that Py‐Ti3C2 has strengthened conductivity and electrical double‐layer capacitance performance. Meanwhile, it has lower free energy for protonation and deprotonation of functional groups, which gives excellent pseudocapacitance performance.
Microneedles with Implantable Tip‐Accumulated Therapeutics for the Long‐Term Management of Psoriasis
Authors: Moawad Fatma , Ruel Yasmine , Rezaei Nastaran , Alsarraf Jérôme , Pichette André , Legault Jean , Pouliot Roxane , Brambilla Davide
Published: October 2024

Methotrexate is successfully used as the gold standard for managing moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. However, the low bioavailability and short half‐life of the oral pills and the invasiveness of the parenteral injections make these suboptimal therapeutic options. Microneedles, bridging the advantages of the former forms, are successfully used to deliver methotrexate for different therapeutic purposes. However, the utilized dissolving microneedles demand frequent administration, potentially compromising patients’ compliance. Additionally, the high toxicity of methotrexate prompts a quest for safer alternatives. Phloretin, a natural compound with confirmed antipsoriatic potential, emerges as a promising candidate. Herein, microneedle patches with separable, slow‐degrading tips are developed for the sustained delivery of methotrexate and phloretin, as a comprehensive solution for long‐term psoriasis management. Both compounds are individually loaded at varying doses and display sustained‐release profiles. The developed microneedle patches demonstrate high mechanical strength, favorable drug delivery efficiency, and remarkable antipsoriatic potential both in vitro in keratinocytes and in vivo in a psoriasis mouse model. Comparative analysis with two subcutaneous injections reveals a similar antipsoriatic efficacy with a single patch of either compound, with prominent phloretin safety. Therefore, the developed patches present a superior alternative to methotrexate's current marketed forms and provide a viable alternative (phloretin) with comparable antipsoriatic efficacy and higher safety.
Boron‐Doping Engineering in AgCd Bimetallic Catalyst Enabling Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to CO and Aqueous Zn‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Kang Lan , Zhang Yonghao , Dong Lihui , Yin Shibin , Li Bin , Fan Minguang , He Huibing , Chen Zhengjun
Published: October 2024

The limited adsorption and activation of CO2 on catalyst and the high energy barrier for intermediate formation hinder the development of electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). Herein, this work reports a boron (B) doping engineering in AgCd bimetals to alleviate the above limitations for efficient CO2 electroreduction to CO and aqueous Zn‐CO2 batteries. Specifically, the B‐doped AgCd bimetallic catalyst (AgCd‐B) is prepared via a simple reduction reaction at room temperature. A combination of in situ experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrates that B‐doping simultaneously enhances the adsorption and activation of CO2 and reduces the binding energy of the intermediates by moderating the electronic structure of bimetals. As a result, the AgCd‐B catalyst exhibits a high CO Faraday efficiency (FECO) of 99% at −0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Additionally, it maintains a FECO over 92% at a wide potential window of 600 mV (−0.6 to −1.1 V versus RHE). Furthermore, the AgCd‐B catalyst coupled with the Zn anode to assemble aqueous Zn‐CO2 batteries shows a power density of 20.18 mW cm−2 and a recharge time of 33 h.
Flame‐Resistant Inorganic Films by Self‐Assembly of Clay Nanotubes and their Conversion to Geopolymer for CO2 Capture
Authors: Lo Bianco Alessandro , Calvino Martina Maria , Cavallaro Giuseppe , Lisuzzo Lorenzo , Pasbakhsh Pooria , Milioto Stefana , Lazzara Giuseppe , Lvov Yuri
Published: October 2024

Self‐assembling of very long natural clay nanotubes represents a powerful strategy to fabricate thermo‐stable inorganic thin films suitable for environmental applications. In this work, self‐standing films with variable thicknesses (from 60 to 300 µm) are prepared by the entanglement of 20–30 µm length Patch halloysite clay nanotubes (PT_Hal), which interconnect into fibrosus structures. The thickness of the films is crucial to confer specific properties like transparency, mechanical resistance, and water uptake. Despite its completely inorganic composition, the thickest nanoclay film possesses elasticity comparable with polymeric materials as evidenced by its Young's modulus (ca. 1710 MPa). All PT_Hal‐based films are fire resistant and stable under high temperature conditions preventing flame propagation. After their direct flame exposure, produced films do not show neither deterioration effects nor macroscopic alterations. PT_Hal films are employed as precursors for the development of functional materials by alkaline activation and thermal treatment, which generate highly porous geopolymers or ceramics with a compact morphology. Due to its high porosity, geopolymer can be promising for CO2 capture. As compared to the corresponding inorganic film, the CO2 adsorption efficiency is doubled for the halloysite geopolymeric materials highlighting their potential use as a sorbent.
Analyzing Paxlovid: Examining Its Properties, Characteristics, and Analytical and Bio‐Analytical Methods–A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gandi Anusha , Dudi Pavan Kumar , Pantala Eswar Sandeep , Y Srinivasa Rao , Challa Gangu Naidu
Published: October 2024

Paxlovid, a novel antiviral medication developed by Pfizer, has attracted considerable attention as a coronavirus disease 2019 therapeutic since it may be effective in treating the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2‐caused disease. Paxlovid is known as a combination therapy since it includes two agents, Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir, which both are involved in the viral replication process inhibition. A further discussion of the molecular structure, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of both components will help comprehend Paxlovid's mechanism of impact and effectiveness. High‐performance and spectroscopic methods, including high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared, and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy have been among the methods employed for compound identification, quantification, and structural elucidation. Bioanalytical methods have also made a significant contribution to the evaluation of Paxlovid's pharmacokinetic parameters, bioavailability, and metabolism in biological matrices. LC‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is widely employed for the quantification of Paxlovid and its metabolites in plasma, serum, and other biological samples. This study brings forth an overview of the characteristics and properties of Paxlovid along with analytical and bioanalytical methods employed for its assessment and quantification.
Recent Developments on Novel 2D Materials for Emerging Neuromorphic Computing Devices
Authors: Pervez Muhammad Hamza , Elahi Ehsan , Khan Muhammad Asghar , Nasim Muhammad , Asim Muhammad , Rehmat Arslan , Rehman Malik Abdul , Assiri Mohammed A. , Rehman Shania , Eom Jonghwa , Khan Muhammad Farooq
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligent and information technology has led to a critical need for extremely low power consumption and excellent efficiency. The capacity of neuromorphic computing to handle large amounts of data with low power consumption has garnered a lot of interest during the last few decades. For neuromorphic applications, 2D layered semiconductor materials have shown a pivotal role due to their distinctive properties. This comprehensive review provides an extensive study of the recent advancements in 2D materials‐based neuromorphic devices especially in multiterminal synaptic devices, two‐terminal synaptic devices, neuronal devices, and the integration of synaptic and neuronal devices. Herein, a wide range of potential applications of memory, computation, adaptation, and artificial intelligence is incorporated. Finally, the limitations and challenges of neuromorphic devices based on novel 2D materials are discussed. Thus, this review aims to illuminate the design and fabrication of neuromorphic devices based on van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure materials, leveraging promising engineering techniques to excel the applications and potential of neuromorphic computing for hardware implementations.
Interfacial Acid‐Like Microenvironment and Orbital Modulating Strategy toward Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in Neutral High‐Salinity Wastewater/Seawater
Authors: Xu Lina , Li Wei , He Kuanchang , Ma Dongmei , Ma Jinxing , Yang Kui , Ahmad Abid , Cheng Faliang , Lv Sihao , Xing Defeng
Published: October 2024

Electrochemical high‐salinity wastewater splitting is a promising technology for green hydrogen (H2) production. However, the kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in neutral media is slow, and the high theoretical potential of oxygen evolution reaction leads to large energy losses. Herein, an iron‐based electrocoagulation‐coupled hydrogen production integrated system (IEHPS) is constructed, which is realized by coupling low‐potential anodic iron oxidation reaction with cathodic HER. The non‐noble metal HxWO3‐Ni catalyst is synthesized by fabricating a proton sponge HxWO3 to achieve an interfacial acid‐like microenvironment and doping it with Ni heteroatom to modulate the 4d orbital of W, thereby weakening the adsorption strength of the W site toward hydrogen. Consequently, the HxWO3 Ni demonstrates remarkable performance characteristics, boasting a mere 131 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 44 mV dec− in neutral media. Operating at an applied voltage of 1.5 V, the IEHPS exhibits a high hydrogen production rate of 235 mL g−1 min−1 in seawater. It achieves nearly complete removal of contaminants like rhodamine B and heavy metal ions within a rapid 8–20 min, with an energy consumption of only 3.7 kWh Nm−3. This study provides a promising pathway for efficient and energy‐saving production of high‐purity hydrogen and effective treatment of high‐salinity wastewater.
The physiological determinants of symptom burden in cirrhosis with ascites
Authors: Mazumder Nikhilesh R. , Jezek Filip , Ansari Sardar , Tapper Elliot B. , Lok Anna S.
Published: October 2024

Background & Aims

Paracentesis is commonly used to manage patient discomfort due to ascites. The relationship between ascites pressure, ascites volume, and patient discomfort has not been elucidated.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled adult patients with non‐malignant ascites undergoing outpatient therapeutic paracenteses from 2021 to 2024 at a tertiary care hospital. Patients completed a validated symptom questionnaire (ASI‐7, maximum score 35) before, immediately after, and 1 week after paracentesis. An open‐ended manometer was used to measure ascites pressure at the beginning and end of paracentesis. Mixed effect linear regression was performed to evaluate the relationships between patient characteristics, pressure, volume, and symptoms.

Results

One hundred and fifty paracentesis procedures among 48 unique patients with an average Model for End Stage Liver Disease‐Sodium 3.0 of 16.7 were included. An average of 6.5 L was drained, which reduced abdominal pressure from a mean of 13.7 to 6.0 cm H2O (10.1 to 4.4 mmHg, p < 0.001) and mean symptom score from 22.6 to 6.5 (p < 0.001). Regression models identified that symptoms and abdominal pressure linearly correlated above a pressure of 6 cm H2O or ASI‐7 score of 16 (p < 0.01). Taller patients required about 670 ml additional drainage per inch above the cohort mean height (5′8″) to achieve the same symptom relief.

Conclusions

Pressure measured at the bedside can be used to explore changes in abdominal pressure during paracentesis. Pressure, volume, and patient level factors such as height contribute to patient symptoms but cannot fully explain discomfort associated with ascites and relief after paracentesis.
A systematic quality-integrated diagnostic method for complex product assembly using multi-task spatial–temporal transfer learning
Authors: Cheng Xun , Huang Feihong , Qiu Linqiong
Published: October 2024

The assembly process is generally considered one of the primary factors influencing the quality of complex products. Currently, most existing quality-integrated diagnostic methods for products tend to deteriorate over different processes and degrade over time. To address this issue, this paper introduces a systematic quality-integrated diagnostic method for complex product assembly processes. First, the influence factors and error sources in the complex assembly process are analyzed using the 5M1E and FAHP methodologies. Next, similarity-based multi-task clustering and dismantling using RGMM is applied to divide the assembly tasks. Finally, MMD-MSE is employed to develop a quality prediction model for the complex assembly process using a spatial–temporal transfer learning approach. Experiments were conducted on an array antenna assembly task, comparing the proposed method with conventional methods. The results show that the accuracy and PrUP of the proposed model are 97.6% and 95.2%, respectively, for the quality-integrated diagnostic of complex assembly processes, with a fluctuation in accuracy of less than 6%. The diagnostic results effectively meet expert evaluations and provide a stable, reliable, and practical solution for addressing quality fluctuations in complex production assembly processes.
A reduced scapulo-humeral angle contributes to the development of scapular notching in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Minoli Carlo , Travi Martino , Compagnoni Riccardo , Radaelli Simone , Menon Alessandra , Marcolli Daniele , Tassi Alberto , Randelli Pietro S.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Scapular Notching (SN) is one of the most common postoperative complications for a patient after Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (RTSA). Despite employing various strategies to mitigate SN risk, the overall incidence remains far from zero. This article introduces a new risk factor, the scapulo-humeral angle (SHA), as a key element influencing the risk for SN.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on all patients who underwent RTSA for rotator cuff arthropathy at the study centre. The preoperative SHA was measured, and the presence of SN was investigated and graded using the Nerot classification at the latest follow-up.

Results

42 patients were included. 12 presented SN (incidence 28.5%). A statistically significant Pearson coefficient correlation between pre-operative SHA and the incidence of SN was observed (r= -0.6954; 95% C.I. -0,8250 to -0,4963; p < 0.0001). A statistically significant Pearson coefficient correlation was also found between the degree of SN and the pre-operative SHA (r= -0,7045; 95% C.I. -0,8306 to -0,5096; P value (two-tailed) < 0,0001, alpha 0.05).

Conclusions

The primary finding is a statistically significant correlation between a reduced preoperative SHA and an increased incidence of postoperative SN. The secondary finding is that a smaller preoperative SHA is associated with a more severe degree of SN A SHA cut-off of 50° distinguished patients at high risk of SN from those at low risk. All patients with an SHA below 50° developed SN (10/10), whereas only 6.25% of patients with an SHA exceeding 50° experienced SN (2/32).
Peak-CNN: improved particle image localization using single-stage CNNs
Authors: Godbersen Philipp , Schanz Daniel , Schröder Andreas
Published: October 2024

An important step in the application of Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) or in general for image-based single particle identification techniques is the detection of particle image locations on the measurement images and their sub-pixel accurate position estimation. In case of volumetric measurements, this constitutes the first step in the process of recovering 3D particle positions, which is usually performed by triangulation procedures. For two-component 2D measurements, the particle localization results directly serve as input to the tracking algorithm. Depending on the quality of the image, the shape and size of the particle images and the amount of particle image overlap, it can be difficult to find all, or even only the majority, of the projected particle locations in a measurement image. Advanced strategies for 3D particle position reconstruction, such as iterative particle reconstruction (IPR), are designed to work with incomplete 2D particle detection abilities but even they can greatly benefit from a more complete detection as ambiguities and position errors are reduced. We introduce a convolutional neural network (CNN) based particle image detection scheme that significantly outperforms current conventional approaches, both on synthetic and experimental data, and enables particle image localization with a vastly higher completeness even at high image densities.
Clinical outcomes of children with COVID-19 and appendicitis: a propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Odegard Marjorie N. , Keane Olivia A. , Ourshalimian Shadassa A. , Russell Christopher J. , Lee William G. , O’Guinn Makayla L. , Houshmand Laura M. C. , Kelley-Quon Lorraine I.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, many children with appendicitis and COVID-19 were initially treated non-operatively and later underwent interval appendectomy. Currently, children with both appendicitis and COVID-19 frequently undergo upfront appendectomy. The impact of this return to upfront surgical management on patient outcomes is unknown. This study compared outcomes of pediatric patients with and without COVID-19 infection undergoing appendectomy.

Study design

A retrospective cohort study of children < 21y who underwent appendectomy from 3/19/2020 to 7/31/2022 at 50 Pediatric Health Information System children’s hospitals was conducted. Children with documented COVID-19 were identified. Exclusions included preoperative ventilator or supplemental oxygen dependence, and missing data. To evaluate COVID-19 positive versus COVID-19 negative patients, we used a propensity score matched on sociodemographics, comorbidities, laparoscopy, perforation, and hospital. Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests identified differences between groups in length of stay, postoperative drain placement, 30-day re-admission, and mechanical ventilation requirements.

Results

Overall, 51,861 children of median age 11y (IQR: 8–14) underwent appendectomy, of whom 1,440 (2.3%) had COVID-19. Most were male (60.3%), White (72.1%) and non-Hispanic (61.4%). Public insurance was the most common (47.5%). We created a matched cohort of 1,360 COVID-19 positive and 1,360 COVID-19 negative children. Children with COVID-19 had shorter hospitalizations (1d, IQR: 1–4 vs. 2d, IQR: 1–5, p = 0.03), less postoperative peritoneal drain placement (2.4% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.01), and fewer 30-day readmissions (9.0% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.04). However, no difference in incidence or duration of mechanical ventilation (p > 0.05) was detected.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that upfront appendectomy for children with appendicitis and COVID-19 has similar outcomes compared to children without COVID-19.

Level of evidence

Level III.
Real-world experience in initiation of treatment with the selective cardiomyosin inhibitor mavacamten in an outpatient clinic cohort during the 12-week titration period
Authors: Becker Finn , Novotny Julia , Jansen Nadine , Clauß Sebastian , Möller-Dyrna Florian , Specht Birge , Orban Madeleine , Massberg Steffen , Kääb Stefan , Reichart Daniel
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Lately, mavacamten emerged as a new therapeutic option for symptomatic patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM). Clinical trials revealed reduction of serum biomarkers, and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, as well as an improvement in clinical symptoms and exercise capacity. Nevertheless, clinical experience and manageability of patients in a real-world setting is still lacking.

Material and methods

22 patients with symptomatic oHCM (54.5% male, age 58.5 ± 16.2 years) and elevated LVOT gradients were started on mavacamten between March 2023 and June 2024. All patients were New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II or higher. Seven patients were excluded from primary analysis due to comedication with Angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitors or Angiotensin-II receptor blockers. Cardiac imaging, laboratory work-up and clinical evaluation were assessed at three visits during the 12 weeks initiation phase; Dosing of mavacamten was adjusted according to manufacturer’s recommendations.

Results

At 12 weeks, the majority of patients described a significant improvement of their quality of life. Work-up at 12 weeks revealed a significant reduction of serum biomarkers and LVOT gradients. In four patients, mavacamten needed to be temporarily paused due to clinical complaints or transient left ventricular ejection fraction deterioration below 50% with subsequent full recovery.

Conclusion

We provide first insights into the usage of mavacamten in oHCM patients during the titration period in a real-world setting. Clinical findings are in line with previous clinical trials. In accordance with current recommendations, we highlight the need for standardized follow-up of patients on mavacamten treatment.
Microangiopathy in temporal lobe epilepsy with diffusion MRI alterations and cognitive decline
Authors: Liu Joan , Binding Lawrence , Puntambekar Isha , Patodia Smriti , Lim Yau Mun , Mryzyglod Alicja , Xiao Fenglai , Pan Shengning , Mito Remika , de Tisi Jane , Duncan John S. , Baxendale Sallie , Koepp Matthias , Thom Maria
Published: October 2024

White matter microvascular alterations in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) may be relevant to acquired neurodegenerative processes and cognitive impairments associated with this condition. We quantified microvascular changes, myelin, axonal, glial and extracellular-matrix labelling in the gyral core and deep temporal lobe white matter regions in surgical resections from 44 TLE patients with or without hippocampal sclerosis. We compared this pathology data with in vivo pre-operative MRI diffusion measurements in co-registered regions and neuropsychological measures of cognitive impairment and decline. In resections, increased arteriolosclerosis was observed in TLE compared to non-epilepsy controls (greater sclerotic index, p < 0.001), independent of age. Microvascular changes included increased vascular densities in some regions but uniformly reduced mean vascular size (quantified with collagen-4, p < 0.05–0.0001), and increased pericyte coverage of small vessels and capillaries particularly in deep white matter (quantified with platelet-derived growth factor receptorβ and smooth muscle actin, p < 0.01) which was more marked the longer the duration of epilepsy (p < 0.05). We noted increased glial numbers (Olig2, Iba1) but reduced myelin (MAG, PLP) in TLE compared to controls, particularly prominent in deep white matter. Gene expression analysis showed a greater reduction of myelination genes in HS than non-HS cases and with age and correlation with diffusion MRI alterations. Glial densities and vascular size were increased with increased MRI diffusivity and vascular density with white matter abnormality quantified using fixel-based analysis. Increased perivascular space was associated with reduced fractional anisotropy as well as age-accelerated cognitive decline prior to surgery (p < 0.05). In summary, likely acquired microangiopathic changes in TLE, including vascular sclerosis, increased pericyte coverage and reduced small vessel size, may indicate a functional alteration in contractility of small vessels and haemodynamics that could impact on tissue perfusion. These morphological features correlate with white matter diffusion MRI alterations and might explain cognitive decline in TLE.
Lymphomas of the submandibular gland: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Al-Shahrestani Fahd , Al-Khafaf Ahmed Ehsan , Asheer Zain , Jelicic Jelena , Chanchiri Iman , Blocher Catharina E. , Sørensen Anne Kathrine Aalling , Pedersen Lars Møller , Gjerdrum Lise Mette Rahbek , Heegaard Steffen , Homøe Preben
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study explores the epidemiology, incidence, and survival outcomes associated with lymphomas of the submandibular gland (SMG) and examines the influence of autoimmune diseases on these parameters.

Methods

This retrospective nationwide cohort study analysed data from patients diagnosed with SMG lymphomas in Denmark between 2000 and 2020. Information was extracted from medical records, the National Pathology Register, and the Danish Lymphoma Database. Survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards models, focusing on lymphoma subtypes and autoimmune diseases.

Results

The cohort consisted of 101 patients with a lymphoma diagnosis and involvement of the SMG. Large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) was diagnosed in 33 cases (32.7%), follicular lymphoma (FL) in 29 cases (28.7%), extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) in 27 cases (26.7%), and 12 cases (11.9%) with other subtypes. EMZL had a significantly longer overall survival (OS) compared to other subtypes, with a median OS of 12.4 years (95% CI 11.2–12.4) vs. 8.4 years (95% CI 6.0-12.2). EMZL and FL showed favourable 5-year OS rates of 95% and 89%, respectively. LBCL had a 5-year OS rate of 65%. Age over 60 significantly negatively impacted OS. Traditional poor prognostic indicators did not significantly affect OS. A notable association between EMZL and autoimmune diseases was observed, particularly with Sjögren’s syndrome, indicated by an increased relative risk of 2.67 (CI 95% 0.45–16.01).

Conclusions

Lymphomas of the SMG are rare and have ambiguous clinical presentations. This study provides novel epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic information.
Spatial and temporal mush heterogeneity during eruptions recorded in clinopyroxene from the 2021 paroxysms at Mt. Etna, Italy
Authors: MacDonald Alice , Ubide Teresa , Mollo Silvio , Taddeucci Jacopo
Published: October 2024

Textural and compositional zoning of volcanic minerals archives pre-eruptive magma processes. Crystals erupted simultaneously may be sampled from different regions of the plumbing system and hence record variable histories due to complex magma dynamics. In addition, crystals erupted throughout the course of an eruption may record temporal variations in the plumbing system. To resolve mush variability on both spatial and temporal scales, we investigate clinopyroxene erupted during a series of paroxysmal episodes between February–April 2021 at Mt. Etna, Italy. Using a combination of high-resolution geochemical techniques, we observe that Cr enrichments in clinopyroxene mantle zones, grown upon eruption-triggering mafic rejuvenation, exhibit both temporal and spatial (sample-scale) variability. Temporal variability correlates with changes in glass compositions, attesting to the ability of clinopyroxene to track magma maficity throughout an eruption. Spatial variability, indicated by the scatter of Cr concentrations, is greatest for the first event and lowest for the final paroxysm. In conjunction with core textures, degree of sector enrichment and thermobarometry, our data suggest that the onset of the paroxysms was preceded by the remobilisation of a mid-crustal clinopyroxene mush (534 ± 46 MPa) by hot, mafic magma causing variable resorption of mush-derived crystal cores. Towards the end of the eruption, waning magma supply led to less efficient mush remobolisation and mixing, resulting in homogenous crystal populations. Our results highlight that clinopyroxene Cr contents and sector enrichment can be used to track mafic rejuvenation and magma evolution throughout eruptions, while also reflecting spatial heterogeneities within the plumbing system.
Unveiling STRs instability in a colorectal cancer FFPE sample: a case report
Authors: Soldati Giulia , Saccardo Chiara , Raniero Dario , De Leo Domenico , Turrina Stefania
Published: October 2024

In forensic genetics, sometimes formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy material taken during life is the only biological sample available for individual identification or paternity testing. In most cases, this biological tissue is characterized by the presence of tumor cells characterized by instability and loss of heterozygosity of microsatellites (MSI/LOH) compared to the DNA present in cells of normal tissue.In this case report, two FFPE samples from the same male subject were available for genetic investigation: one sample with colorectal cancer tissue and the other with normal tissue (no cancerous histopathological features). The comparison of the genetic profiles obtained from DNA extracted from the two tissues showed in the tumor tissue the presence of three genomic instability phenomena affecting FGA, CSF1P0, D21S2055 loci, located on three distinct autosomal chromosomes, and one duplication phenomenon affecting the DYS438. Therefore, due to the MSI/LOH phenomena, the genetic profile acquired from the tumor tissue was distorted and thus generated a fictitious genetic profile, not corresponding to the subject’s real one (normal tissue free of tumor cells).
Phosphatidic acid is involved in regulation of autophagy in neurons in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Schiller Maximilian , Wilson Gregory C. , Keitsch Simone , Soddemann Matthias , Wilker Barbara , Edwards Michael J. , Scherbaum Norbert , Gulbins Erich
Published: October 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and severe psychiatric disease, which does not only lead to variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms, but unfortunately in a relatively large proportion of cases also to suicide. The pathogenesis of MDD still requires definition. We have previously shown that ceramide is increased in the blood plasma of patients with MDD. In mouse models of MDD, which are induced by treatment with corticosterone or application of chronic unpredictable stress, increased blood plasma ceramide also increased and caused an inhibition of phospholipase D in endothelial cells of the hippocampus and reduced phosphatidic acid levels in the hippocampus. Here, we demonstrated that corticosterone treatment of PC12 cells resulted in reduced cellular autophagy, which is corrected by treatment with phosphatidic acid. In vivo, treatment of mice with corticosterone or chronic unpredictable stress also reduced autophagy in hippocampus neurons. Autophagy was normalized upon i.v. injection of phosphatidic acid in these mouse models of MDD. In an attempt to identify targets of phosphatidic acid in neurons, we demonstrated that corticosterone reduced levels of the ganglioside GM1 in PC-12 cells and the hippocampus of mice, which were normalized by treatment of cells or i.v. injection of mice with phosphatidic acid. GM1 application also normalized autophagy in cultured neurons. Phosphatidic acid and GM1 corrected stress-induced alterations in behavior, i.e., mainly anxiety and anhedonia, in experimental MDD in mice. Our data suggest that phosphatidic acid may regulate via GM1 autophagy in neurons.
Unified non-hourglass formulation for total Lagrangian SPH solid dynamics
Authors: Wu Dong , Tang Xiaojing , Zhang Shuaihao , Hu Xiangyu
Published: October 2024

The persistence of hourglass modes poses a significant numerical instability issue in total Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (TLSPH) solid dynamics, especially when dealing with substantial deformations, regardless of material properties. However, existing hourglass control methods have shown effectiveness only within limited applications. Thus far, a comprehensive solution capable of addressing hourglass issues across a wide range of material models, including elasticity, plasticity, and anisotropy, remains elusive. In this study, we introduce a unified TLSPH formulation grounded in volumetric-deviatoric stress decomposition, aimed at fundamentally mitigating hourglass modes in general simulations. Different conceptually from previous approaches using stress points or extra viscous or hourglass-control stresses within the momentum equation, our formulation is based on the weighted average of a standard but hourglass-prone formulation and an essentially non-hourglass formulation for elastic materials, employing a single limiter to dynamically adjust the weighting between the two formulations. Crucially, the dimensionless characteristic of the formulation enables seamless handling of complex material models. To validate the effectiveness of our formulation, we conduct simulations across a range of benchmark cases involving elastic, plastic, and anisotropic materials. To illustrate its versatility, we apply the formulation to simulate a complex scenario involving viscous plastic Oobleck material, contacts, and very large deformation. Our work addresses a critical gap in TLSPH simulations by offering a unified approach to mitigate hourglass modes, enhancing the reliability and accuracy of simulations across diverse material models and complex scenarios.
Posttreatment health interventions for adult cancer survivors and their families: an integrated review
Authors: Coyne Elisabeth , Dieperink Karin B. , Voltelen Barbara , da Silva Barreto Mayckel , Garcia-Vivar Cristina
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This review aimed to synthesize the literature regarding health interventions delivered to adult cancer survivors and their families during posttreatment phase.

Methods

An integrative literature review was conducted that included quantitative and qualitative studies. The search was carried out in four databases using the same terms or MeSH terms and included data from January 2012 to February 2024. After quality assessment, data were extracted and synthesized. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO.

Results

Among the seven studies included, two studies were randomized controlled trials, three were observational, and two utilized a qualitative approach. The studies originated from France, Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA. In total, 704 participants were included, 294 were cancer survivors, 40 were non-cancer patients, 271 were family and caregivers, and 99 were healthcare professionals. The studies assessed survival durations after cancer treatment, ranging from 18 months to 6 years. The sparse interventions found across the studies used a multifaceted approach tailored to address various aspects of cancer survivorship and caregiver support.

Conclusion

This review provides insights into the complex landscape of posttreatment support requirements for cancer survivors and their family caregivers. This finding underscores the critical necessity for additional intervention research involving comprehensive, accessible, and supportive services that address the multifaceted dimensions of survivorship for the patient and family as a unit.
„Zunächst wegen eines persönlichen Motivs“ – Über das psychoanalytische Arbeiten im Sitzen
Authors: Datz-Schwab Felicitas
Published: October 2024

Die psychoanalytische Arbeit ist eng mit dem Liegen auf einer Behandlungscouch assoziiert. Dies zeigt sich nicht nur in Fachkreisen, sondern wird auch in medialen und popkulturellen Darstellungen der Psychoanalyse deutlich. Das eingereichte Manuskript stellt, ausgehend von Freuds Schrift zur Einleitung der Behandlung, die Frage, welche persönlichen Motive die Etablierung dieses Settings neben den besser bekannten und mehr beachteten technischen Überlegungen begleiten könnten. Dies erscheint lohnenswert, da die Arbeit im Liegen im Vergleich zur Arbeit im Sitzen als „psychoanalytischer“ betrachtet zu werden scheint. Diskutiert werden zu diesem Zweck teils unbewusste Vorstellungen eines Ich-Ideals, von dem psychoanalytische Therapeut:innen geleitet sein können. Ausgehend von Theorien zu Ich-Ideal und Beschämung nimmt das vorliegende Essay eine hemmende Angst auf Seiten der Behandler:in an, bei Nicht-Entsprechung dieses Ideals aus der eigenen Gruppe in das Nicht-Psychoanalytisch-Sein verstoßen zu werden. Dementsprechend ergibt sich die Auffassung, dass die therapeutische Arbeit im Sitzen die Analytiker:in vor spezifische Herausforderungen stellt, welche insbesondere den inneren Rahmen der Behandler:in fordern und die Notwendigkeit der selbstanalytischen Fertigkeiten unterstreichen.
Partizipative Arbeit in der Früherkennung
Authors: Berger Maximus E. , Hinterbuchinger Barbara , Mossaheb Nilufar
Published: October 2024

Die partizipative Beteiligung von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen gehört zu den wichtigsten Voraussetzungen für personenzentrierte und menschenrechtsorientierte Versorgung und Forschung in der Psychiatrie. Diese Entwicklung spiegelt ein breiteres Verständnis für die Notwendigkeit wider, Forschung nicht nur für, sondern mit betroffenen Personen durchzuführen. Während international eine deutliche Zunahme an der Entwicklung von partizipativen Ansätzen in Forschung und Patient:innenversorgung zu beobachten ist, ist eine flächendeckende Umsetzung bislang weit von der Realität entfernt.

Dieser Artikel stellt einen Überblick über Modelle und Prinzipien partizipativer Forschung im Bereich der Früherkennung und Frühintervention von Psychosen vor. Vorteile von partizipativen Ansätzen und Barrieren werden diskutiert und die Umsetzung anhand zweier Fallbeispiele illustriert.
Probabilistic model for high-level intention estimation and trajectory prediction in urban environments
Authors: Bok Yunsoo , Suganuma Naoki , Yoneda Keisuke
Published: October 2024

To enable successful automated driving, precise behavior prediction of surrounding vehicles is indispensable in urban traffic scenarios. Furthermore, given that a vehicle’s behavior is influenced by the movements of other road users, it becomes crucial to estimate their intentions to anticipate precise future motion. However, the elevated complexity resulting from interdependencies among traffic participants and the uncertainty arising from the object recognition errors present additional challenges. Despite extensive research on inferring intentions, many studies have concentrated on estimating intentions from interactions, resulting in a lack of practicality in urban traffic environments due to low computational efficiency and low robustness against recognition failure of strongly interacting road users. In this paper, we introduce a practical stochastic model for intention estimation and trajectory prediction of surrounding vehicles in automated driving under urban traffic environments. The trajectory is forecasted based on hierarchically computed and probabilistically estimated intentions, which represent an interpretation of vehicle behavior, utilizing only the kinematic state of the focal vehicle and HD maps to ensure real-time performance and enhance robustness. The evaluated results demonstrate that the proposed model surpasses straightforward methods in terms of accuracy while maintaining computational efficiency and exhibits robustness against the recognition failure of traffic participants which strongly influence the focal vehicle.
Employment Effects of Skills Trainings in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review of Recent Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Beber Bernd , Lakemann Tabea , Schnars Regina , Lay Jann
Published: October 2024

This study provides a comprehensive systematic review of recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the employment effects of skills training programs in sub-Saharan Africa. The review focuses on studies conducted between 2019 and 2024, a period marked by a significant increase in the number of RCTs of training interventions in this region, and we thus fill a gap left by earlier reviews that did not reflect this recent surge in experimental studies. We employ the standard SPIDER approach for defining search terms and the PRISMA procedure for search and selection to systematically analyze the impact of these training programs on employment outcomes. The findings reveal a shift towards a more optimistic assessment compared to previous analyses, suggesting that many recent skills training programs do contribute to improving employment-related outcomes.
Ralstonia solanacearum (phylotype II) isolated from Rosa spp. in the Netherlands is closely related to phylotype II isolates from other sources in the Netherlands and is virulent on potato
Authors: Blom Nathalie I. , Gorkink-Smits Peggy P.M.A. , Landman N. Marco , van de Bilt Jeroen L.J. , Vogelaar Martijn A.W. , Raaymakers Tom M. , Visser Michael , Pel Michiel J.C. , Bergsma-Vlami Maria
Published: October 2024

In 2018, during an annual survey in the Netherlands, Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II (phy II) was found in asymptomatic greenhouse rose plants at three geographic locations. These findings were remarkable, since previous findings of Ralstonia sp. in rose always concerned Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum phylotype I (phy I). Therefore, no information was available on the virulence of R. solanacearum phy II on rose. In this study, R. solanacearum phy II isolates PD 7421 and PD 7394, isolated in 2018 from asymptomatic ornamental rose (Rosa spp.), were assessed for their virulence in two rose cultivars (“Armando” and “Red Naomi”) at two temperatures. No typical symptoms were observed for PD 7421 and PD 7394 on the two rose cultivars, irrespective of the temperature. However, latent infections upon inoculation of these isolates on rose did occur. R. solanacearum phy II is known as a major potato pathogen, where it causes brown rot. Whole genome multilocus sequence typing analysis demonstrated that the isolates from rose were closely related to R. solanacearum phy II isolates previously found in seed potato and surface water in the Netherlands. Because of this close genetic relatedness, the virulence of PD 7421 and PD 7394 was also assessed in potato plants, where both isolates caused severe disease symptoms on the shoots as well as the daughter tubers. This implies that rose can act as a reservoir for R. solanacearum phy II and, in this way, can potentially be involved in spreading this bacterium.
Cracking the Code: Hidden Choices and Visible Impacts Pattern Recognition in Corporate Finance
Authors: Ali Amjad , Oad Rajput Suresh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Research in corporate finance suffers from bounded rationality due to static modeling. Adopting factor analysis, an unsupervised machine learning approach, and balance sheet information (accounts) over time, we find underlying dynamic latent corporate finance decisions. Our study identifies three latent corporate finance decisions adopted by executives in Pakistan, (1) long-term capital investment, (2) short-term debt credit, and (3) financial flexibility. The order of the decisions and the empirical tests highlight agency problems rooted in familial ownership concentration. We find that long-term capital investment and short-term debt credit decisions significantly reduce the firms’ present and future performance. Conversely, managers do not embrace financial flexibility, despite its ability to improve performance. The study highlights a contradiction, firms bounded by ownership concentration prefer control over performance and do not make decisions to optimize and protect minority shareholders’ wealth, depicting a moral hazard problem.