bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ukrainian youth morbidity / Disability in the focus of the Council of Europe strategy on the rights of people with disabilities for 2017-2023
Authors: Honchar Yuliia Aleksandrovna , Khramtsova Victoriia Viktorovna
Published: December 2019

The dynamics of morbidity and prevalence of diseases among the children’s population in Ukraine in recent years has multi-directional trends – an increase in the incidence and prevalence of diseases among children 7-14 years and adolescent children, and the reduction of the morbidity of children of the first year of life, the incidence and prevalence of diseases among children 0- 6 years. The decrease of the morbidity and increase of the prevalence of diseases with age was revealed. At the beginning of the 21st century, the problem of maternal and child health has become one of the priorities of public health protection in the world and was included by the United Nations in the Millennium Development Goals List. Ukraine is designated by the WHO European Regional Committee as a pilot region for the implementation of the Strategy “Health and Development of Children and Adolescents”. A data on children with disabilities in Ukraine are rare and do not give a general idea of the link between morbidity and disability, and because that information is available only by regions, not nosological forms, it can not provide a general picture of morbidity/ disability of young people in order to develop organizational measures to reduce that. The general objective of the Council of Europe Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities for 2017-2023 is to "shift the paradigm" from the traditional medical approach to disability to a human rights-based approach: independence, freedom of choice, full participation, equality, human dignity and equal opportunities for persons with disabilities. The effective participation of people with disabilities in all spheres of life and society as a whole is crucial for the realization of all human rights and the formation of their life perspective in Ukraine.
Breakthrough in the social research on childhood: search for the methodology of interdisciplinarity
Authors: Juodaitytė Audronė , Malinauskienė Daiva , Babić Nada
Published: December 2019

Recently in the sciences of social-humanitarian character (education science, sociology, cultural anthropology, psychology, political science, etc.) the methodological breakthrough has taken place. Therefore, the concept of childhood was started being conceptualized in the contexts of the sociocultural discourses of these sciences. Referring to the diversity of the existing opinions about childhood (ecological, cultural, sociological, etc.), the field of talking about its meanings is encountered in various sciences. It is similar to inter-directional negotiations taking place between natural sciences and social-humanitarian sciences. There is a search for all kinds of knowledge permitting to harmonize the approaches existing in sciences and develop the criticism of traditional approaches. It is interdisciplinary negotiations in research that become the practice of the birth of new knowledge about childhood and its sociocultural expression.
Analysis of cognition structure of student’s having emotional, behavioral and learning difficulties: aspect of international experience
Authors: Radzevičienė Liuda , Miliūnienė Lina , Batūraitė Aistė , Hoogerwerf Evert-Jan , Charvatis Adam , Bader Michael , Oliv Thomas , Grudeva Petya
Published: December 2019

Article present international research on cognition, situation analysis of pupil who has emotional, behavioral and learning difficulties, that leads to early school drops. The main features of pupils who are not motivated in school attendance are problems in family environment and behavioral manifestations that lead to social conflicts. Method of deep-interview was applied during multifold individual meetings with pupil. Twenty-one student from four EU countries at the age from 13 to 20 years took part in the research.  It was set that student’s difficulties and strengths at school, de-motivational and motivational aspects, weak points, problems of positive self-evaluation, coping strategies, helping thoughts, advice and wishes about future are the main inner psychological problems that reflects in student’s environmental acting.
Purposefulness of Improvement of Convict Re-socialization Implemented in the Remand Prison from the Perspective of the Personnel Engaged in the Process
Authors: Liukinevičienė Laima , Mikalauskas Donatas
Published: December 2019

Imprisonment establishments face a challenge to prepare an inmate for social integration. The presented research is based on assumptions provided by scientists who suppose that single quantitative indicators are not sufficient to measure effectiveness of re-socialisation of inmates being implemented in imprisonment institutions; subjective opinions of participants of the process are worth investigating, too. A qualitative research employing a semi-structured interview was conducted in Šiauliai Remand Prison in 2017; the results demonstrate the following: personnel working in social rehabilitation divisions notice changes, progress in the system of implementation of punishment, support the policy of modernisation of imprisonment establishments; however, they lack a systematic approach, compliance with the deadlines in implementation of the programmes, observe the problems of workload of the personnel and the lack of competences, environments required for implementation of individualised social rehabilitation of inmates.
Deficits of Calf Muscles Strength and Rate of Force Development After Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Aleknavičiūtė-Ablonskė Vaida , Savenkovienė Agnė , Skurvydas Albertas
Published: December 2019

Many studies, investigating biomechanical properties of plantar flexors muscle-tendon unit after ATR surgery, reported an incomplete calf muscle contractile functional recovery. However, these studies only investigated the plantar flexors muscle function failing to provide information about the adaptive changes in motor strategy. In fact, the development of adaptive changes in motor strategies, due to both mechanical and neural factors, may result in pathological musculoskeletal conditions over the long term. Understanding physiological calf muscle changes due to long-term immobilization may help prevent Achilles tendon re-rupture cases.
Novel attractive pairing interaction in strongly correlated superconductors
Authors: Adhikary Priyo , Das Tanmoy
Published: December 2019

Conventional and unconventional superconductivity, respectively,
arise from attractive (electron-phonon) and repulsive (many-body
Coulomb) interactions with fixed-sign and sign-reversal pairing
symmetries. Although heavy-fermions, cuprates, and pnictides are widely
believed to be unconventional superconductors, recent evidence in one of
the heavy fermion superconductor (CeCu_22Si_22)
indicate the presence of a novel conventional type pairing symmetry
beyond the electron-phonon coupling. We present a new mechanism of
attractive potential between electrons, mediated by emergent boson
fields (vacuum or holon) in the strongly correlated mixed valence
compounds. In the strong coupling limit, localized electron sites are
protected from double occupancy, which results in an emergent holon
fields. The holon states can, however, attract conduction electrons
through valence fluctuation channel, and the resulting doubly occupied
states with local and conduction electrons condenseas Cooper pairs with
onsite, fixed-sign, s-wave pairing symmetry. We develop the
corresponding self-consistent theory of superconductivity, and compare
the results with experiments. Our theory provides a new mechanism of
superconductivity whose applicability extends to the wider class of
intermetallic/mixed-valence materials and other flat-band metals.
Machine learning for robo-advisors: testing for neurons specialization
Authors: Semko Roman
Published: December 2019

The rise of robo-advisor wealth management services, which constitute a key element of fintech revolution, unveils the question whether they can dominate human-based advice, namely how to address the client’s behavioral biases in an automated way. One approach to it would be the application of machine learning tools during client profiling. However, trained neural network is often considered as a black box, which may raise concerns from the customers and regulators in terms of model validity, transparency, and related risks. In order to address these issues and shed more light on how neurons work, especially to figure out how they perform computation at intermediate layers, this paper visualizes and estimates the neurons’ sensitivity to different input parameters. Before it, the comprehensive review of the most popular optimization algorithms is presented and based on them respective data set is generated to train convolutional neural network. It was found that selected hidden units to some extent are not only specializing in the reaction to such features as, for example, risk, return or risk-aversion level but also they are learning more complex concepts like Sharpe ratio. These findings should help to understand robo-advisor mechanics deeper, which finally will provide more room to improve and significantly innovate the automated wealth management process and make it more transparent.
Current possibilities for nebulizer therapy
Authors: Zaytsev A. A. , Kharitonov M. A. , Chernetsov V. A. , Kryukov E. V.
Published: December 2019

This article discusses the main aspects of the nebulizer therapy used to treat respiratory diseases. The basic principle of operation of all types of nebulizers is based on the generation of aerosol containing particles comprising an active substance. Currently, there are three types of nebulizers: jet, or compressor (which uses the energy of a gas jet), ultrasonic (which uses oscillation energy of the piezoelectric element) and membrane (Mesh nebulizers). The jet nebulizers are the most common, because they have affordable cost, are easy to use, however, using this type of nebulizers is accompanied by quite large losses of the drug (more than 50%), and they are quite noisy due to the compressor. Among the advantages of ultrasonic nebulizers are virtually silent operation, fast aerosol production and shorter inhalation times compared to compressor devices, small size and weight, and operation from the batteries. However, one of the most important disadvantages of ultrasonic nebulizers is the limited range of drugs that can be used for inhalation, which significantly limits their use in pulmonological practice. In particular, they are not suitable for inhalation of suspensions (glucocorticosteroids) due to the impossibility of homogeneous nebulization, in addition, part of the GCS molecules are destroyed by ultrasound. In recent years, the greatest prospects have been associated with the use of a new generation of nebulizers created using the so-called Vibrating Mesh Technology. Membrane nebulizers have a number of advantages compared to the compressor and ultrasonic devices. Among them are a small residual volume, noiseless operation, high mobility due to the small size, weight and ability to operate using battery.
Global initiative gold and national recommendations on the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the place of double bronchodilation
Authors: Vizel A. A. , Vizel I. Yu.
Published: December 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, environmentally mediated disease manifested by broncho-obstructive syndrome, which is not completely reversible.

The purpose of this review was to summarize the latest changes in the management of these patients, which occurred in international and domestic guidelines.

Methods. The analysis of work on the problem of COPD, available in the E-Library and PubMed electronic libraries, was carried out.

Results. The year 2019 was marked by the renewal of global GOLD initiatives and the implementation of national guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COPD in practice. The most significant provisions are the following: double long-acting bronchodilators are the main treatment for stable COPD; specific indications are needed for the administration of ICS and they are not universal in the treatment of COPD; not all double bronchodilators are the same – their evidence base is not yet equivalent. The analysis of real practice shows that the use of shortacting bronchodilators, ICS and triple therapy remains excessive.

Conclusion. Understanding of COPD is improving, identifying the most vulnerable points, problems, the solution of which will make it possible to take new steps to improve the quality of life of these patients and reduce mortality.
Successful management of severe bronchial asthma: the right choice of biologic therapy in properly selected patients
Authors: Fassakhov R. S.
Published: December 2019

Severe asthma along with the impact on the quality of life of those suffering from this disease leads to significant medical and social damage. Studies of the last decade indicate the leading role of eosinophilic inflammation of the bronchi as the basis of the pathogenesis of the T2 phenotype of bronchial asthma, which led to the development of targeted therapy. The most effective in this direction were preparations of humanized monoclonal antibodies directed against the main pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in respiratory tract inflammation in bronchial asthma, one of the most significant among which is interleukin 5. Refinement of the definition of severe asthma, selection of these patients among patients with difficult to treat bronchial asthma allows to clearly determine the contingent with a predicted positive effect these highly effective drugs precision therapy. On clinical examples, the difference between difficult to treat and severe bronchial asthma is discussed. The stages of clinical trials of the preparation of monoclonal antibodies against interleukin 5 Mepolizumab are analyzed in detail, the search for effective prognostic biological markers available in normal practice, allowing to select patients suitable for the treatment of patients with severe eosinophilic bronchial asthma. The effectiveness of the approach based on the allocation of two threshold values of the number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood is convincingly confirmed by the results indicating a significant reduction in the number of exacerbations, improved of lung function and an increase of the quality of life in patients, including with steroiddependent bronchial asthma, obtained not only in randomized clinical studies, but also in studies in real clinical practice.
The place of Omalizumab in the treatment of allergic diseases
Authors: Kurbacheva O. M. , Galitskaya M. A.
Published: December 2019

The article describes a modern approach to the use of anti-IgE therapy for allergic bronchial asthma and conditions associated with this disease. The humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, Omalizumab (Xolar®), is a promising treatment for allergic diseases mediated by IgE. Much evidence has been obtained of the effectiveness of Omalizumab in allergic bronchial asthma and chronic spontaneous (idiopathic) urticaria, on the basis of which global meta-analyzes have been carried out confirming the effectiveness and safety of this therapeutic strategy. Recent scientific articles actively discuss the possibility of expanding indications for the medical use of Omalizumab. Clinical studies have been published on the efficacy and safety of Omalizumab for allergic rhinitis, allergic keratoconjunctivitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, chronic idiopathic urticaria, food allergies, allergen-specific immunotherapy, atopic dermatitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis – in cases of comorbidity with asthma. The clinical effect of Omalizumab in patients with allergic bronchial asthma is the most studied and proven. Currently, a number of clinical studies evaluate the long-term results of prolonged use of Omalizumab or the condition after its cancellation in patients with allergic bronchial asthma and various comorbidity.
Biological treatment of severe asthma: new objectives and new treatment options
Authors: Nenasheva N. M.
Published: December 2019

This article is devoted to the main characteristics of severe bronchial asthma (SBA) and its heterogeneity, in particular, T2 asthma is characterized and the role of the main cytokines forming T2-inflammation is presented. The main emphasis is made on the role of the IL-4 and IL-13 in the pathogenesis of AD as the key cytokines in the initiation and maintenance of T2-inflammation, as well as on a new biological molecule – monoclonal antibody – dupilumab, directed to the α-subunit of IL-4 receptor, thus blocking the pathways of IL-4 and IL-13. Dupilumab has recently been registered in our country for the treatment of moderate and severe BA, as well as moderate and severe atopic dermatitis. The article presents the clinical efficacy and tolerability of dupillumab in patients with moderate and severe BA.
Clinical experience of using double bronchodilation therapy in patients with COPD
Authors: Demko I. V. , Mamayeva M. G. , Gordeyeva N. V. , Solov’yeva I. A. , Kraposhina A. Yu.
Published: December 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is today one of the socially significant diseases, and its treatment remains a major medical problem.

Currently, the main goals of treating patients with COPD are: eliminating symptoms and improving the quality of life, preventing exacerbations and reducing future risks, slowing the progression of the disease and reducing mortality.

The article presents a clinical case from the practice of a patient with COPD who received tiotropium bromidi as monotherapy. The patient had significant impaired airway patency during spirometry, a decrease in exercise tolerance. The patient was assigned a new representative of combination preparations with a 24-hour action – Anoro Ellipta® (Vilanterol + Umeklidiniy) 22/55 mcg, with a new drug delivery vehicle. After 6 months of therapy with Anoro Ellipt®, the patient has increased exercise tolerance, improved pulmonary function, as well as quality of life.
Community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients: clinical guidelines
Authors: Zaytsev A. A. , Sinopal’nikov A. I.
Published: December 2019

Community-acquired pneumonia is still the cornerstone of practical public health care due to high morbidity and mortality. Streptococcus pneumoniae (30-50%), Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae remain the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia (3-5%). In recent years, the spread of strains resistant to macrolide antibiotics (~30:) and isolates with reduced sensitivity to β-lactams among pneumococci has been a topical problem. On the pages of international recommendations, biological markers of inflammatory response are of great importance in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Thus, in patients with an uncertain diagnosis of «community-acquired pneumonia» in case of concentration of C-reactive protein ≥ 100 mg/l its specificity in confirming the diagnosis exceeds 90%, at a concentration of < 20 mg/l the diagnosis of pneumonia is unlikely. All hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia should use the IDSA/ATS criteria or SMART-COP scale to assess severity, predict and determine admission to intensive  care  unit. When planning antimicrobial therapy tactics in hospitalized patients, it is advisable to categorize patients taking into account risk factors for ineffective therapy. In the absence of such, choice of antibiotics are inhibitor-proof aminopenicillins (amoxicillin/clavulanate, etc.), ampicillin; the alternative therapy mode involves the use of respiratory fluoroquinolones.

In patients with comorbidities and other risk factors for infection with resistant microorganisms, the drugs of choice are inhibitorproof aminopenicillins (amoxicillin/clavulanate, etc.), III generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone), respiratory fluoroquinolones, and ceftaroline and ertapenem may be used in certain categories of patients. With regard to ceftaroline, it is worth noting that its use is currently an attractive strategy due to its wide range of activities, including resistant strains of pneumococcus and S. aureus. Special attention in the publication is paid to antimicrobial therapy modes in case of severe community-acquired pneumonia, the criteria of efficacy assessment and duration of antibiotics application are reflected.
Some aspects of application of the combination of formoterol and budesonide: what is changed?
Authors: Vizel A. A. , Vizel I. Yu.
Published: December 2019

The use of a combination of the inhaled glucocorticosteroid budesonide and beta2-selective long-acting adrenergic agonist formoterol is recommended for both bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however, indications for their use have changed significantly over the past 20 years. In BA, there was a transition from regular dosing to the tactics of a single drug – regularly and on demand, to the last recommendation – to apply as necessary at all stages of BA treatment. In COPD, this combination was a universal drug for the treatment of severe COPD with frequent exacerbations or in combination with BA, and now not only the severity and frequency of exacerbations, but also the level of blood eosinophilia is taken into account. The combination of budesonide / formoterol, which is important for practical health care, has become more accessible in recent years thanks to the advent of a domestic reconstituted drug with an original capsule powder inhaler. The drug went through comparative studies with the original drug both in clinical efficacy and in the properties of the delivered particles.
Visualization and high sensitivity detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+ based on glutathione functionalized gold nanoclusters
Authors: Wang Tielong , Li Li , Yang Qian , Song Weiming , Hou Yang , Duan Wei , Shi Xiaoliang
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a glutathione functionalized gold nanocluster (GSH-AuNCs) was prepared. GSH-AuNCs can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to produce a blue-green ox-TMB. By using its peroxidase activity and the GSH-AuNCs-TMB-H2O2 system, the visualization of Fe3+ and Cu2+ and the high sensitivity detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+ can be realized according to the change of absorbance value and color of the system. The results showed that the sensitivity of the system to detect Fe3+ and Cu2+ in industrial wastewater reached 1.25 × 10−9 M and 1.25 × 10−10M, respectively. At the same time, the chelating agents NH4F and EDTA · 2Na were introduced to realize the selective detection of the two ions under the coexistence of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions.
Yabancı Öğrencilerin Turizm Eğitimi Algılarının ve Sorunlarının Belirlenmesi: Giresun Üniversitesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Akyurt Hakan
Published: December 2019

tamamlamak
ve geliştirmek isteyen insanların farklı ülkelere bu amaçla gittikleri
görülmektedir. Özellikle son yıllarda bu sayının arttığı ve çok sayıda yabancı
öğrencinin birçok farklı ülkede eğitim aldığı belirlenmiştir. Giresun
Üniversitesi de çok sayıda yabancı öğrencisi olan ve yabancı ülkelerden eğitim
amaçlı olarak öğrenci kabul eden üniversitelerden biridir. Üniversite de turizm
alanında eğitim alma amaçlı olarak gelmiş olan öğrencilerin önemli sayıda
olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu yabancı öğrencilerin Giresun Üniversitesinde aldıkları
turizm eğitimi hakkındaki görüşleri hem mevcut eğitim hakkında genel bir bilgi
sunacak hem de eğitimin durumu ile ilgili tespitlerde bulunulmasını
sağlayacaktır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, üniversitelerde verilen turizm
eğitiminin yabancı öğrenciler tarafından nasıl algılandığının belirlenmesi ve
turizm eğitimi ile ilgili olarak eksikliklerin tespit edilmesidir. Bu şekilde,
yabancı öğrencileri için turizm eğitimi algılamalarına yönelik olarak
iyileştirmeler yapılması da mümkün olacaktır. Araştırma da öğrenci
algılamalarının belirlenmesinde kelime ilişkilendirme testi yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Giresun Üniversitesinde eğitim alan 65 öğrenci bulunduğu
belirlenmiş ve tüm öğrencilere kelime ilişkilendirme testine yönelik olarak
anket uygulanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda okul, iş ve meslek kavramlarının en
çok tekrar edilen kelimeler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yabancı öğrencilerin turizm
eğitimi algılarının bilinç düzeylerinin yeterli düzeyde olduğu tespit
edilmiştir.
Oxidative Stress-Induced Brain Damage Triggered by Voluntary Ethanol Consumption during Adolescence: A Potential Target for Neuroprotection?
Authors: Buján Gustavo E. , Serra Hector A. , Molina Sonia J. , Guelman Laura R.
Published: December 2019

:

Alcohol consumption, in particular ethanol (EtOH), typically begins in human adolescence, often in a
“binge like” manner. However, although EtOH abuse has a high prevalence at this stage, the effects of exposure
during adolescence have been less explored than prenatal or adult age exposure.

:

Several authors have reported that EtOH intake during specific periods of development might induce brain damage.
Although the mechanisms are poorly understood, it has been postulated that oxidative stress may play a role.
In fact, some of these studies revealed a decrease in brain antioxidant enzymes’ level and/or an increase in reactive
oxygen species (ROS) production. Nevertheless, although existing literature shows a number of studies in
which ROS were measured in developing animals, fewer reported the measurement of ROS levels after EtOH
exposure in adolescence. Importantly, neuroprotective agents aimed to these potential targets may be relevant
tools useful to reduce EtOH-induced neurodegeneration, restore cognitive function and improve treatment outcomes
for alcohol use disorders (AUDs).

:

The present paper reviews significant evidences about the mechanisms involved in EtOH-induced brain damage,
as well as the effect of different potential neuroprotectants that have shown to be able to prevent EtOH-induced
oxidative stress. A selective inhibitor of the endocannabinoid anandamide metabolism, a flavonol present in different
fruits (quercetin), an antibiotic with known neuroprotective properties (minocycline), a SOD/catalase mimetic,
a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule (resveratrol), a powerful ROS scavenger (melatonin),
an isoquinoline alkaloid (berberine), are some of the therapeutic strategies that could have some clinical relevance
in the treatment of AUDs. As most of these works were performed in adult animal models and using EtOH-forced
paradigms, the finding of neuroprotective tools that could be effective in adolescent animal models of voluntary
EtOH intake should be encouraged.
Synbiotic Functional Malt Beverage Supplemented with Inulin and Probiotic Strains
Authors: Zakipour Nayereh , Nasiraie Leila R. , Mortazavian Amir M. , Khorshidian Nasim , Sohrabvandi Sara
Published: December 2019

Background:

Cereal-based beverages can provide essential nutrients and phytochemicals
as well as being suitable carriers for probiotics. Prebiotic ingredients present in grains or incorporated
into beverages can improve the growth of probiotics leading to the emergence of functional synbiotic
beverages.

Objective:

This study aimed to produce a malt-based synbiotic beverage containing inulin as a prebiotic
and three strains of probiotics and evaluate its physiochemical and antioxidant properties during storage.

Methods:

A synbiotic malt beverage containing 2.25% inulin and 2.25% sucrose with three probiotic
strains including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum was
produced and its chemical properties, antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds and viability of
probiotics were determined during 28 days of storage.

Results:

The results showed that although the viability of probiotic bacteria in synbiotic malt beverage
was decreased during refrigerated storage, it remained above 107 cfu/mL. The lowest and the
highest viability was observed in the case of L. acidophilus and L. plantarum, respectively after 28
days of storage. pH, brix and total sugar decreased due to probiotic growth and activity. Ethanol concentration
increased, but was lower than 0.1% in all samples and thus the final product can be considered
as non-alcoholic. Moreover, the content of phenolic compounds was increased in samples
with probiotics due to the hydrolysis of glycosylic phenolic compounds and the generation of free
phenolic compounds. The samples containing L. casei presented the highest total phenolic content
followed by L. acidophilus and L. plantarum, respectively. Malt beverages containing L. casei
showed the highest antioxidant activity followed by samples with L. acidophilus and L. plantarum.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that proper probiotic strains besides inulin as a prebiotic can be
used for the development of a functional synbiotic malt beverage with high phenolic content and antioxidant
activity.
Maike Weißpflug: Hannah Arendt. Die Kunst, politisch zu denken
Authors: Eßer Lea Mara
Published: December 2019

Rezension von Maike Weißpflug: Hannah Arendt. Die Kunst, politisch zu denken. Berlin: Matthes & Seitz 2019.
IS PATIENT SAFETY AT THE HEART OF MEDICAL EDUCATION IN INDONESIA? REFLECTION ON THE IMPACT OF THE NATIONAL EXAMINATION
Authors: Hidayah Rachmadya Nur
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT Background: National examinations in Indonesia (UKMPPD) has been implemented since 2007 as a quality assurance method for medical graduates and medical schools. The impact of UKMPPD has been studied since then, where one of the consequences were related to how it affected medical education and curricula. This study explored the consequences of UKMPPD, focusing on how the students, teachers, and medical schools’ leaders relate the examination with patient care. This study aimed to explore the impact of UKMPPD on medical education, which focusing on the issue of patient safety. Methods: This study was part of a doctoral project, using a qualitative method with a modified grounded theory approach. The perspectives of multiple stakeholders on the impact of the UKMPPD were explored using interview and focus groups. Interviews were conducted with medical schools’ representatives (vice deans/ programme directors), while focus groups were conducted with teachers and students. A sampling framework was used by considering the characteristics of Indonesian medical schools based on region, accreditation status, and ownership (public/ private). Data was analysed using open coding and thematic framework as part of the iterative process. Results: The UKMPPD affected how the stakeholders viewed this high-stakes examination and the education delivered in their medical schools. One of the consequences revealed how stakeholders viewed the UKMPPD and its impact on patient care. Participants viewed the UKMPPD as a method of preparation for graduates’ real clinical practice. The lack of reference for patient safety as the impact of the UKMPPD in this study showed that there were missing links in how stakeholders perceived the examination as part of quality assurance in health care. Conclusion: The UKMPPD as a high-stakes examination has a powerful impact in changing educational policy and programmes in Indonesia. However, in Indonesia, the examination brought in the reflection on how the “patient” element was lacking from medical education. This research offers an insight on the concept of patient safety in Indonesia and how the stakeholders could approach the issue. Keywords: UKMPPD, national licensing examination, impact, competence, patient safety, curriculum
Docência universitária na formação de profissionais dinâmicos: ampliando o potencial da profissão em biblioteconomia
Authors: Santa Anna Jorge
Published: December 2019

La docencia universitaria aporta contribuciones en diversos sentidos, sobre todo al garantizar la formación profesional que demanda la sociedad. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar los resultados alcanzados por medio de estrategias y métodos innovadores adoptados en la conducción de la disciplina Fuentes de Información, del Curso Superior de Biblioteconomía. Para ello se recurrió a la investigación bibliográfica–por medio de la consulta de libros y artículos– y a la investigación de campo, a partir de la observación de una experiencia realizada. La reformulación de las estrategias y metodologías de enseñanza basadas en el diálogo, el compartir, la investigación y la investigación práctica ha demostrado cambios en el comportamiento, las concepciones y las actitudes, además del compromiso, la satisfacción, la motivación y el involucramiento del alumnado con las actividades desarrolladas. En efecto, esas reformulaciones pautadas en la innovación y la creatividad representan una estrategiaque apunta a la formación de profesionales dinámicos que reconozcan el potencial de la profesión para actuar en diversos segmentos profesionales, al mismo tiempo que se atienden las demandas de la sociedad.
Secondary School Counselors’ Perceptions of Service-Learning: Gaps between State Policy, Counselors’ Knowledge, and Implementation
Authors: Curry Jennifer R. , Saal Leah Katherine , Sulentic Dowell Margaret-Mary , Meidl Tynisha D.
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was a state-level investigation of school counselors’ knowledge of their role in the implementation of service-learning policy using survey research methods. The respondents reported having little knowledge of the policy, not having implemented it statewide, and not having been trained in service-learning pedagogy. Based on these results, this article provides implications for consideration when states develop educational policies that impact school counselors’ work.
An information-theoretic treatment of quantum dichotomies
Authors: Buscemi Francesco , Sutter David , Tomamichel Marco
Published: December 2019

Given two pairs of quantum states, we want to decide if there exists a quantum channel that transforms one pair into the other. The theory of quantum statistical comparison and quantum relative majorization provides necessary and sufficient conditions for such a transformation to exist, but such conditions are typically difficult to check in practice. Here, by building upon work by Keiji Matsumoto, we relax the problem by allowing for small errors in one of the transformations. In this way, a simple sufficient condition can be formulated in terms of one-shot relative entropies of the two pairs. In the asymptotic setting where we consider sequences of state pairs, under some mild convergence conditions, this implies that the quantum relative entropy is the only relevant quantity deciding when a pairwise state transformation is possible. More precisely, if the relative entropy of the initial state pair is strictly larger compared to the relative entropy of the target state pair, then a transformation with exponentially vanishing error is possible. On the other hand, if the relative entropy of the target state is strictly larger, then any such transformation will have an error converging exponentially to one. As an immediate consequence, we show that the rate at which pairs of states can be transformed into each other is given by the ratio of their relative entropies. We discuss applications to the resource theories of athermality and coherence, where our results imply an exponential strong converse for general state interconversion.
A nova Política Nacional de Atenção Básica à Saúde: impactos perceptíveis em uma equipe de saúde da família no município de Alagoa Nova-PB
Authors: Nogueira Kleiton Wagner Alves da Silva , Sobrinho Severino Justino
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o debate nacional a respeito das alterações da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica à Saúde (PNAB), bem como verificar o conhecimento dessas mudanças em uma Equipe de Saúde da Família, especificamente no município de Alagoa Nova-PB. Ao utilizar como aporte metodológico o levantamento bibliográfico em periódicos acadêmicos e livros que versam sobre o tema, junto à realização de entrevistas, foi possível constatar que em meio a um processo de conturbação política com o impeachment da presidente Dilma Roussef, a alteração da PNAB não contou com ampla participação dos trabalhadores da atenção básica, em especial, dos agentes comunitários de saúde, caracterizando a burocratização e verticalização das decisões em âmbito nacional. Esse processo também foi corroborado no plano local, tendo em vista o nível de desarticulação e desconhecimento das alterações da PNAB, com o papel destacado pela ausência de diálogo entre Conselho Municipal de Saúde e Estratégia de Saúde da Família no município analisado. Para além do campo institucional, foi possível perceber que devido ao recente quadro de crise econômica e política, a Atenção Básica à saúde passa a ser alvo de uma flexibilidade ancorada na austeridade fiscal em âmbitos nacional e local.
Epistemologia e difusão do conhecimento: uso de pesquisa aplicação na educação tecnológica e STEAM - processo de formação de docentes para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos do SESI, Bahia
Authors: Freitas Gisele Marcia de Oliveira , Silva Francisca De Paula Santos da , Matta Alfredo Eurico Rodrigues
Published: December 2019

Este artigo trata sobre a base epistemológica que favorece o uso da Pesquisa Aplicação em contexto de formação de docentes para Educação de Jovens e Adultos no SESI Bahia.  Esta pesquisa, em andamento, vem adotando a educação tecnológica e STEAM na prática pedagógica de ensino de arte, ciência, tecnologia, engenharia e matemática, agregando abordagem e metodologias participativas, no caso a Pesquisa Aplicação, ou Design Based-Research (DBR). Trata-se de uma abordagem metodológica peculiar, inovadora e de natureza aplicada, que possibilita uma interação e colaboração com a realidade dos sujeitos constituintes do ambiente. O referencial teórico adotado inclui, entre outros, autores como: Castells (2011); Matta, Silva e Boaventura (2014) e Vygotsky (1998; 2001; 2004; 2007). Os resultados apontam para uma pesquisa de cunho epistemológico fundamentado no socioconstrutivismo e amparada pela metodologia de Pesquisa Aplicação, que é uma abordagem de investigação inovadora por reunir as vantagens das metodologias qualitativas e das quantitativas.
A repetição na oralidade como um processo metonímico: um estudo cognitivo-funcional (Repetition in orality as a metonimic process: a cognitive-functional study)
Authors: Santos Lorenna Oliveira , Sousa Valéria Viana
Published: December 2019

Neste estudo, investigamos um recurso frequentemente utilizado na oralidade: a repetição, compreendendo-a como um mecanismo que auxilia na interação, gerando novos significados. Para tanto, baseamo-nos, sobretudo, nos estudos funcionalistas, em pressupostos da Linguística Cognitiva e em estudos da Linguística Textual. O nosso objetivo foi analisar qualitativamente como os informantes do Português Culto de Vitória da Conquista utilizam a repetição na construção do texto falado. Nesse sentido, elencamos 06 aspectos funcionais: Reconstituidora I, Reconstituidora II, Distribuidora, Desdobramento, Paralelização e Intensificadora. Ademais, comprovamos as nossas hipóteses de que a repetição (1) auxilia na condução do tópico discursivo a partir de seus aspectos funcionais; (2) é um processo metonímico; e (3) é um processo que possibilita a organização da experiência humana, chegando ao âmbito textual por meio dos atos de fala e produzindo, cognitivamente, estruturas linguísticas dispostas em camadas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Repetição. Oralidade. Funcionalismo. Cognição.
Significações do verbo “chegar” em um corpus de PB: exploração dos processos cognitivos envolvidos em seus usos (Meaning extensions of “chegar” in a PB: exploration of the cognitive processes related to its usages)
Authors: Gil Maitê Moraes , Pinto Julia Ferri , Gôuvea Vitor Angelo Dos Santos
Published: December 2019

Este artigo objetiva caracterizar as significações do verbo “chegar” no PB por alunos de EMI em seus textos. Parte-se de estudos sobre metáfora conceitual, metonímia e categorização, e dos princípios da Gramática Cognitiva. Analisou-se as ocorrências desse verbo no Corpus TecEM, as quais foram categorizadas de acordo com sua significação. Explorou-se os mecanismos responsáveis pelas extensões de sentido em relação às ocorrências prototípicas, identificando-se quatro grupos. Argumentamos que metáfora, metonímia e subjetificação são mecanismos complementares no processo de extensão de sentido. Parece, ainda, haver um contínuo entre o significado mais concreto e o mais abstrato, indicando um processo de gramaticalização.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Significações de “chegar”; Gramática Cognitiva; Processos cognitivos.
Instrumentos mediadores na atividade linguageira de professores iniciantes de francês (Mediating instruments in the linguistic activity of beginning teachers of French)
Authors: Moraes Rozania Maria Alves de , Lopes Wescley Batista
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo analisa o discurso de dois professores estagiários de Francês como língua estrangeira (FLE), que participaram de um processo dialógico de (co)análise da atividade, denominado autoconfrontação. Objetivamos investigar o uso de instrumentos mediadores na atividade destes sujeitos. Empregamos a teoria sócio-histórico-cultural, de Vigotski, a teoria da gênese instrumental, os estudos da Clínica da Atividade e da Ergonomia da Atividade e os aportes da filosofia bakhtiniana da linguagem. Em nossos resultados, evidenciamos, a partir de marcas linguístico-discursivas dos estagiários, o uso de instrumentos empregados com o fito de mediar e auxiliar na realização de prescrições que abrangem aspectos civilizacionais no ensino de FLE.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Instrumentos; Atividade mediada; Professor iniciante; Análise da atividade; Autoconfrontação.
This article analizes the discourse of two French foreign language trainees (FLE), who participated in a dialogical process of (co)analysis of the activity, called self-confrontation. We aim to investigate the use of mediating instruments in the activity of these subjects. We used the socio-historical-cultural theory of Vygotsky, the theory of instrumental genesis, the studies of the Clinic of Activity and Ergonomics of Activity and the contributions of Bakhtin’s language. In our results, we show the use of instruments used for the purpose of mediating and assisting in the accomplishement of prescriptions that cover civilizational aspects in the teaching of FLE. KEYWORDS: Instruments; Mediated activity; Beginning teacher; Activity analysis; Self-Confrontation.
Repetição, paráfrase e construção do conhecimento (Repetition, paraphrase e knowledge construction)
Authors: Flores Onici Claro , Landim Márcia Regina Melchior
Published: December 2019

O presente ensaio destaca a relevância das atividades sociocognitivas repetição e produção de paráfrases tanto para a retenção quanto para a evolução do conhecimento científico, destacando que as investigações neurocientíficas comprovaram essa importância e necessidade, dadas as características do funcionamento cerebral do indivíduo humano.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Repetição; Paráfrase; Produção do conhecimento.
This essay highlights the relevance of sociocognitive activities of repetition and production of paraphrases for both retention and the evolution of scientific knowledge, noting that neuroscientific investigations proved that importance and necessity, given the characteristics of the individual human brain function.KEY WORDS: Repetition; Paraphrase; Knowledge production.
PRODUÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE HORTALIÇAS AGROECOLÓGICAS:O CASO DA BIONATUR NAS ÁREAS DE ASSENTAMENTOS DO MST NO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Siqueira Deyvison Lopes de , Cepolini Ferreira Gustavo Henrique
Published: December 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar os avanços da produção de sementes agroecológicas da rede Bionatur nas áreas de assentamentos do MST – Movimentos dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra - na mesorregião Norte de Minas Gerais. A metodologia baseia-se em revisão de literatura, coleta de informações nos trabalhos de campo, bem como na experiência direta como extensionista nos assentamentos do MST na região Norte de Minas. Os resultados indicam que, mesmo diante das várias dificuldades características da região Norte de Minas, principalmente a escassez de chuvas e a dificuldade de acesso às políticas públicas de acesso ao crédito rural, através da organização baseada nos princípios da cooperação, os camponeses estão conseguindo produzir sementes agroecológicas nas áreas de assentamento no Semiárido.
Gender employment discrimination: A comparison between the banking sectors of Kuwait and the United Kingdom
Authors: Adel Rahaf , Alqatan Ahmad
Published: December 2019

Current literature has not examined gender employment issues in Kuwait’s banking industry. This is a key knowledge gap as many women are entering the sector and might be facing discriminatory conducts in comparison to their male colleagues. The scarcity of available literature regarding the Kuwaiti banking sector and its equality practices calls for more research attention to detect discriminatory conducts and improve governmental legislation. This paper builds an international comparison between Kuwait and Britain’s established discrimination legislation. It uses a primary qualitative research method within two of Kuwait’s private banks to address the following questions: firstly, what is the nature of implemented gender equality policies and practices within the banks? This includes patterns of gender segregation, recruitment and selection processes, promotional opportunities and gender pay gaps. And secondly, how do Islamic and conventional banks differ with regards to their equality practices and gender career opportunities? The findings of the study were similar within both Islamic and conventional banks. Results indicated a strong prevalence within Kuwait of social and cultural factors, which shape gender roles and ideologies. Occupational gender segregation and thus pay inequalities were found to be a distinct feature of the sector in both countries. And this was linked to long working hours cultures, the unbalanced load of domestic and care burden between males and females, as well as discretionary managerial practices for selection, hiring and promotions. The paper highlights key areas of improvements with regards to equality practices and legislative policy planning in Kuwait.
Categorização dos casos de violência contra crianças em um município piauiense
Authors: Nolêto Samaria De Sousa , Oliveira Mohema Duarte de , Meneses Francisca Rayla Teles , Muniz Ivaldo Da Silva , Macedo Margarida Maria de Sousa , Assis Shirley Ribeiro de
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Identificar os tipos de violência contra crianças notificados em um município piauiense, no ano de 2017. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória, descritiva, de natureza aplicada e abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida no hospital regional do município de Floriano, Piauí. A amostra do estudo foi composta de 181 fichas de notificação compulsória de violência infantil registradas no ano de 2017. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um roteiro baseado na ficha de notificação, desenvolvida de setembro de 2017 a julho de 2018. Resultados: O tipo de violência prevalente foi a negligência (80,66%), sendo a recorrência ausente em 87,3%. Foram registrados 6,63% de casos de violência sexual isolada ou associada à outra forma, como a física e a psicológica; desse total, houve predomínio do assédio sexual (25%). Conclusões: A percepção da dimensão da violência infantil ainda é insuficiente, pois os dados evidenciam apenas uma pequena parcela da realidade. Os resultados da pesquisa possibilitaram o direcionamento e a referência para a elaboração de ações que objetivaram enfrentar a violência contra crianças por meio do conhecimento do perfil das vítimas atingidas.