bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Student-Induced Trampling on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Agricultural Headwater Streams
Authors: Bossley Jon , Smiley Peter
Published: January 2018

Outdoor education (OE) stream classes provide students with an opportunity to gain hands-on experience with sampling methods for evaluating stream water quality. Trampling by students as a result of stream classes may disrupt the substrate and negatively impact aquatic macroinvertebrates. The impact of student-induced trampling in headwaters as a result of stream classes on aquatic macroinvertebrates has not been evaluated. Our aim was to document the short-term macroinvertebrate responses to an experimental disturbance that simulated the impacts of trampling by students in riffles within small headwater streams. We measured hydrologic variables, visually estimated substrate composition and sampled aquatic macroinvertebrates within control and experimental riffles in three agricultural headwater streams in central Ohio one day prior to experimental disturbance, immediately after disturbance and one day after disturbance. Hydrologic variables and substrate type did not differ daily or between riffle types. Macroinvertebrate abundance, percentage of Ephemeroptera Plecoptera Trichoptera and percentage of Leuctridae increased after experimental disturbance, while diversity, evenness, percentage of clingers and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) axis 1 site scores declined after disturbance. Macroinvertebrate diversity, percent clingers and NMS axis 1 site scores were lower in experimental riffles than control riffles. None of the macroinvertebrate response variables exhibited a significant interaction effect of day × riffle type that is indicative of an effect of the experimental disturbance. Our results suggest the one-time use of an undisturbed riffle within an agricultural headwater stream for an OE stream class is not likely to impact aquatic macroinvertebrates.
Minéralogie de la fraction fine des schistes de Steige (Vosges septentrionales)
Authors: Clauer Norbert , Lucas Jacques
Published: January 2018

The purple "schistes de Steige" have undergone a strong ante-hercynian diagenetic action . Their lower than 2µ fraction is composed of illite, chlorite and paragonite ; it also contains sometimes dickite and ghosts of mixed-layer minerals .

During a second period, i.e., the Hercynian orogenesis, another diagenesis of tectonic origin resulted in a new paragenesis at their contact with the series of Villé : dickite and paragonite disappear and are replaced by pyrophyllite and albite.

Weathering manifests itself by the formation of kaolinite and mixed-layer minerals, which explains the coexistence of kaolinite and dickite in a strongly recrystallized series. This weathering also acts upon the illites whose interlayer cations become partly exchangeable.
First Measurement of the 14N/15N Ratio in the Analog of the Sun Progenitor OMC-2 FIR4
Authors: Kahane Claudine , Al-Edhari Ali Jaber , Ceccarelli Cecilia , López-Sepulcre Ana , Fontani Francesco , Kama Mihkel
Published: January 2018

We present a complete census of the 14N/15N isotopic ratio in the most abundant N-bearing molecules toward the cold envelope of the protocluster OMC-2 FIR4, the best known Sun progenitor. To this scope, we analyzed the unbiased spectral survey obtained with the IRAM 30 m telescope at 3, 2, and 1 mm. We detected several lines of CN, HCN, HNC, HC3N, N2H+, and their respective 13C and 15N isotopologues. The lines’ relative fluxes are compatible with LTE conditions, and moderate line opacities have been corrected via a population diagram method or theoretical relative intensity ratios of the hyperfine structures. The five species lead to very similar 14N/15N isotopic ratios, without any systematic difference between amine- and nitrile-bearing species as previously found in other protostellar sources. The weighted average of the 14N/15N isotopic ratio is 270 ± 30. This 14N/15N value is remarkably consistent with the [250–350] range measured for the local galactic ratio but significantly differs from the ratio measured in comets (around 140). High-angular resolution observations are needed to examine whether this discrepancy is maintained at smaller scales. In addition, using the CN, HCN, and HC3N lines, we derived a 12C/13C isotopic ratio of 50 ± 5.
Monte Carlo Simulation of the X-Ray Halos of GX 5−1 and GX 13+1 to Test Models of Insterstellar Dust Grains
Authors: Clark George W.
Published: January 2018

Simulated dust-scattered X-ray halos, generated by a three-dimensional ray-tracing Monte Carlo code, are fitted to the observed halos of GX 5−1 and GX 13+1 by automatic adjustment of parameters that specify the distributions of the dust grains in size and location. Three distributions in size a are tested for the quality of fit they yield: the WD01 distribution, the BARE-GR-B distribution, and power laws of the form

. The best fits are obtained with multicloud models of the spatial distributions and power-law size distributions. Correlations between the fitted fractional distances of the dust clouds and the distance estimates of molecular clouds toward GX 5−1 and GX 13+1, derived from the velocity spectra of CO and the galactic rotation curve, favor distance estimates of 4.2 and 5.6 kpc for the two sources, respectively.
Le R.P. Francis Aupiais, missionnaire, ethnographe et député
Authors: Vasquez Jean-Michel
Published: January 2018

Le père Francis Aupiais est un missionnaire français ( Sma ) envoyé au Dahomey de 1901 à 1926. À son retour, il dénonce le travail forcé en Afrique et veut réhabiliter par l’ethnographie l’image de l’Africain. En 1945, sollicité par les Béninois, il est élu député dans la nouvelle Assemblée constituante. Cet engagement en politique est-il le reniement de sa vocation missionnaire ou bien la conduite mais sous d’autres formes de ses nombreux combats ?
Prêtres progressistes sous l’Espagne de Franco
Authors: Esteban Zuriaga María José
Published: January 2018

Cet article porte sur les stratégies utilisées par des prêtres progressistes espagnols pour prendre position face à la dictature de Franco pendant les années 60 et 70. Leurs actions étaient marquées par la position privilégiée dont l’Église espagnole jouissait dans le contexte de la dictature. L’étroite relation qui existait entre l’Église et le régime de Franco explique que l’attitude de la hiérarchie ecclésiastique envers ce clergé progressiste ait été ambiguë et ambivalente.
Église, économie et fraternité
Authors: Greiner Dominique
Published: January 2018

L’Église romaine est réputée entretenir une grande réserve à l’égard des questions économiques. Je défends ici la thèse selon laquelle sa contribution est beaucoup plus riche que généralement supposée. Seulement, elle aborde l’économie dans un registre singulier qui met l’accent sur la fraternité et la gratuité. Le propos n’est pas que théorique. Il s’incarne aussi dans des initiatives concrètes qui cherchent à faire valoir d’autres possibles dans les manières d’investir, de produire, de consommer, de distribuer les richesses... Ces expériences, même modestes, méritent d’être racontées : elles peuvent stimuler un imaginaire qui a besoin d’être libéré d’une conception étroite, voire idolâtrique, de l’économie.
Analyser des compétences techno-sémio-pédagogiques d'apprentis tuteurs dans différents environnements numériques : résultats d'une étude exploratoire
Authors: Cappellini Marco , Combe Christelle
Published: January 2018

Le présent article relate une étude exploratoire des compétences techno-sémio-pédagogiques d'apprentis tuteurs dans un dispositif de télécollaboration s'appuyant sur plusieurs environnements numériques. Plus précisément, l'un des objectifs de cette contribution est d'élaborer une méthode pour l'observation des traces des compétences techno-sémio-pédagogiques des tuteurs dans différents environnements. Ainsi, dans le cadre de la théorie de la pertinence, nous étudions les réalisations des régulations pédagogiques par un binôme d'apprentis tuteurs à travers les affordances, d'une part, d'une plateforme d'apprentissage asynchrone et, d'autre part, d'une plateforme de webconférence. En nous appuyant sur des données venant de la captation des échanges et de retours réflexifs des apprentis tuteurs, nous comparons les réalisations des régulations pédagogiques afin de comprendre si certaines dynamiques interactionnelles sont communes à plusieurs environnements. Nos analyses montrent qu'en ce qui concerne les consignes, les apprentis tuteurs spécialisent entièrement leurs actions en fonction des environnements. Au contraire, dans le cas des feedbacks, certaines dynamiques sont transversales aux deux environnements. Nous proposons enfin une discussion sur la portée épistémologique et méthodologique de l'étude et ses résultats.
Preparation and Characterization of Stable Molecular Glasses of Europium(III) Acyl-Alaninate Complexes
Authors: Gerile Naren , Alata Hexig , Xiao Tian , Bao Ta Na , Tegus Ojin
Published: January 2018

Working with acylaminocarboxylate ligands, we used ethanol and water as a solvent, and the europium complexes were prepared using a chemical reaction method in solution. The elements were analyzed and characterized by polarizing microscope and XRD, respectively. The surfaces of complexes in the solid state were observed by polarizing microscope morphology. XRD diffraction data confirms the periodic long range order/disorder structure of these europium complexes. We also found that diversified material was easily formed by the rare earth complexes. Using the above tests, the structural information of the Eu complexes in the glassy state, liquid crystal glassy state and crystalline states was obtained
Synthesis, Structure and Electronic Properties of Li4Ti5O12 Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Sarantuya Lkhagvajav , Sevjidsuren Galsan , Altantsog Pagvajav , Tsogbadrakh Namsrai
Published: January 2018

Nanosized spinel Li4Ti5O12 was successfully synthesized by a solid state reaction method at 800°C according to the Li4Ti5O12 cubic spinel phase structure. In this synthesizing process, anatase TiO2 and Li2CO3 were used as reactants. The average grain size of the synthesized powders was around 200 nm. The synthesized Li4Ti5O12 powder was characterized X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and Specific Surface Area Analyzer (BET, Brunner-Emmett-Teller) respectively. X-ray diffraction results show that calcination temperature and time have the important effects on the crystal structure of Li4Ti5O12 powder. In this study, we used a first principle method, based on the density functional theory to explore electronic and structural properties of Li4Ti5O12, as anode material for lithium ion batteries. Differences on these properties between delithiation state Li4Ti5O12 and lithiation state Li7Ti5O12 are compared. All the predicted structural and electrochemical properties agree closely with the experimental findings in literature. The average intercalation voltage of 1.4V during charging/discharging were obtained. We have shown that the Li4Ti5O12 material exhibits insulating behavior with the band gap of 3.16 and 3.90 eV using the GGA and GGA+U+J0 calculations respectively. Li7Ti5O12 becomes metallic as Li atoms inserted in Li4Ti5O12 material. Spinel Li4Ti5O12 has been regarded as an attractive anode material for the development of high-power lithium-ion batteries because of its unique attributes of high safety and rate capability.
The Ability to Provide Quality Chest Compressions Over Lacrosse Shoulder Pads
Authors: Boergers Richard J. , Bowman Thomas G. , Lininger Monica R.
Published: January 2018

Context: 

Performance of quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation is essential for improving patient outcomes. Performing compressions over football equipment inhibits compression depth and rate, but lacrosse equipment has not yet been studied.

Objective: 

To assess the effect of lacrosse shoulder pads on the ability to provide quality chest compressions on simulation manikins.

Design: 

Crossover study.

Setting: 

Simulation laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Thirty-six athletic trainers (12 men: age = 33.3 ± 9.7 years; 24 women: age = 33.4 ± 9.8 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

No shoulder pads (NSP), Warrior Burn Hitman shoulder pads (WSP), and STX Cell II shoulder pads (SSP) were investigated. Outcomes were chest-compression depth (millimeters), rate (compressions per minute), rating of perceived exertion (0−10), hand-placement accuracy (%), and chest recoil (%).

Results: 

We observed a difference in mean compression depth among shoulder-pad conditions (F2,213 = 3.73, P = .03, ω2 = 0.03), with a shallower depth during the WSP (54.1 ± 5.8 mm) than the NSP (56.8 ± 5.7 mm; P = .02) trials. However, no differences were found in mean compression rate (F2,213 = 0.87, P = .42, ω2 = 0.001, 1–β = .20). We noted a difference in rating of perceived exertion scores (F2,213 = 16.41, P < .001, ω2 = 0.12). Compressions were more difficult during the SSP condition (4.1 ± 1.3) than during the NSP (2.9 ± 1.2; P < .001) and WSP (3.3 ± 1.1; P = .002) conditions. A difference was present in hand-placement accuracy among the 3 shoulder-pad conditions (χ22 = 11.14, P = .004). Hand-placement accuracy was better in the NSP than the SSP condition (P = .002) and the SSP than the WSP condition (P = .001).

Conclusions: 

Lacrosse shoulder pads did not inhibit the ability to administer chest compressions with adequate rate and depth. With appropriate training to improve hand placement, the pads may be left in place while cardiopulmonary resuscitation is initiated during sudden cardiac arrest.
A conservative scheme for non-classical solutions to a strongly coupled PDE-ODE problem
Authors: Chalons Christophe , Delle Monache Maria Laura , Goatin Paola
Published: January 2018

We consider a strongly coupled PDE-ODE system modeling the influence of a slow and large vehicle on road traffic. The model consists of a scalar conservation law describing the main traffic evolution and an ODE accounting for the trajectory of the slower vehicle that depends on the downstream traffic density. The moving constraint is operated by an inequality on the flux, which accounts for the bottleneck created on the road by the presence of the slower vehicle.We introduce a conservative scheme for the constrained hyperbolic PDE and we use a tracking algorithm for the ODE. We perform numerical tests and compute numerically the order of convergence.
Financialisation and corporate investments: the Indian case*
Authors: Sen Sunanda , Dasgupta Zico
Published: January 2018

Financialisation creates space for transactions in the financial sector of economies, and, in doing so, helps to raise the share of financial assets in the portfolios held by market participants. Largely driven by deregulation, the process works to make financial assets relatively attractive as compared to other assets, by offering both better returns and potential capital gains. Against the backdrop of the prevailing analysis of corporate investments under financialisation in the advanced economies, this paper attempts to analyse the pattern of investment by corporates in an emerging economy like India during the 2000s. By analysing the sources and the use of funds of India's corporate sector in further detail, this paper highlights a similar phenomenon of financialisation in the Indian economy which, ceteris paribus, adversely affected real investments during the 2000s along with a process of Ponzi financing during the post-crisis period.
Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing based on measurements from the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network (CARSNET) in eastern China
Authors: Che Huizheng , Qi Bing , Zhao Hujia , Xia Xiangao , Eck Thomas F. , Goloub Philippe , Dubovik Oleg , Estelles Victor , Cuevas-Agulló Emilio , Blarel Luc , Wu Yunfei , Zhu Jun , Du Rongguang , Wang Yaqiang , Wang Hong , Gui Ke , Yu Jie , Zheng Yu , Sun Tianze , Chen Quanliang , Shi Guangyu , Zhang Xiaoye
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Aerosol pollution in eastern China is an unfortunate consequence of the
region's rapid economic and industrial growth. Here, sun photometer
measurements from seven sites in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2011 to
2015 were used to characterize the climatology of aerosol microphysical and
optical properties, calculate direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF) and
classify the aerosols based on size and absorption. Bimodal size
distributions were found throughout the year, but larger volumes and
effective radii of fine-mode particles occurred in June and September due to
hygroscopic growth and/or cloud processing. Increases in the fine-mode particles in
June and September caused AOD440 nm > 1.00 at most sites, and
annual mean AOD440 nm values of 0.71–0.76 were found at the urban sites
and 0.68 at the rural site. Unlike northern China, the AOD440 nm was
lower in July and August (∼ 0.40–0.60) than in January and
February (0.71–0.89) due to particle dispersion associated with subtropical
anticyclones in summer. Low volumes and large bandwidths of both fine-mode and
coarse-mode aerosol size distributions occurred in July and August because
of biomass burning. Single-scattering albedos at 440 nm (SSA440 nm)
from 0.91 to 0.94 indicated particles with relatively strong to moderate
absorption. Strongly absorbing particles from biomass burning with a
significant SSA wavelength dependence were found in July and August at most
sites, while coarse particles in March to May were mineral dust. Absorbing
aerosols were distributed more or less homogeneously throughout the region
with absorption aerosol optical depths at 440 nm ∼ 0.04–0.06,
but inter-site differences in the absorption Angström exponent indicate
a degree of spatial heterogeneity in particle composition. The annual mean
DARF was −93 ± 44 to −79 ± 39 W m−2 at the Earth's
surface and ∼ −40 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere
(for the solar zenith angle range of 50 to 80∘) under cloud-free
conditions. The fine mode composed a major contribution of the absorbing
particles in the classification scheme based on SSA, fine-mode fraction and
extinction Angström exponent. This study contributes to our
understanding of aerosols and regional climate/air quality, and the results
will be useful for validating satellite retrievals and for improving climate
models and remote sensing algorithms.
Characteristics of marine shipping emissions at berth:
profiles for PM and VOCs
Authors: Xiao Qian , Li Mei , Liu Huan , Deng Fanyuan , Fu Mingliang , Man Hanyang , Jin Xinxin , Liu Shuai , Lv Zhaofeng , He Kebin
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Emissions from ships at berth played an important role in the exposure of atmospheric pollutants to high density population in port areas, but these emissions were not understood very well. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particle emissions from 20 container ships at berth were sampled and analyzed during the fuel switch period at Jingtang Port in Hebei Province, China. VOCs and particles were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and the Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SPAMS), respectively. VOCs analysis showed that alkanes and aromatics, especially benzene, toluene and heavier compounds e.g. n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, dominated the total identified species. Secondary organic aerosol yields and ozone forming potential were 0.017 ± 0.007 g SOA/g VOCs and 2.63 ± 0.37 g O3/g VOCs, respectively. Both positive and negative ion mass spectra from individual ship were derived and intensity of specific ions could be quantified. Results showed that element carbon (35.74 %), element carbon-organic carbon mixture (33.95 %) and Na-rich particles (21.12 %) were major classes with a total number ratio of 90.7 %. Particles from ship auxiliary engines were in a size range of 0.2 to 2.5 μm, with a peak occurring at around 0.4 μm. The issue of vanadium as tracer element was discussed that V was not a proper tracer when using low sulfur content diesel oil. The average percentage of sulfate particles from shipping emissions before and after switching to marine diesel oil were 23.82 % and 23.61 % respectively. The total results provide robust evidences in port area air quality assessment and source apportionment.
In-flight calibration of SCIAMACHY's polarization sensitivity
Authors: Liebing Patricia , Krijger Matthijs , Snel Ralph , Bramstedt Klaus , Noël Stefan , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This paper describes the in-flight calibration of the polarization response of the SCIAMACHY polarization measurement devices (PMDs) and a selected region of its science channels. With the lack of polarized calibration sources it is not possible to obtain such a calibration from dedicated calibration measurements. Instead, the earthshine itself, together with a simplified radiative transfer model (RTM), is used to derive time-dependent and measurement-configuration-dependent polarization sensitivities. The results are compared to an instrument model that describes the degradation of the instrument as a result of a slow buildup of contaminant layers on its elevation and azimuth scan mirrors. This comparison reveals significant differences between the model prediction and the data, suggesting an unforeseen change between on-ground and in-flight calibration in at least one of the polarization-sensitive components of the optical bench. The possibility of mechanisms other than scan mirror contamination contributing to the degradation of the instrument will be discussed. The data are consistent with a polarization phase shift occurring in the beam split prism used to divert the light coming from the telescope to the different channels and polarization measurement devices. The extension of the instrument degradation model with a linear retarder enables the determination of the relevant parameters to describe this phase shift and ultimately results in a significant improvement of the polarization measurements as well as the polarization response correction of measured radiances.
The FengYun-3C radio occultation sounder GNOS: a review of the mission and its early results and science applications
Authors: Sun Yueqiang , Bai Weihua , Liu Congliang , Liu Yan , Du Qifei , Wang Xianyi , Yang Guanglin , Liao Mi , Yang Zhongdong , Zhang Xiaoxin , Meng Xiangguang , Zhao Danyang , Xia Junming , Cai Yuerong , Kirchengast Gottfried
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) occultation sounder (GNOS) is one of the new generation payloads onboard the Chinese FengYun 3 (FY-3) series of operational meteorological satellites for sounding the Earth’s neutral atmosphere and ionosphere. FY-3C GNOS, onboard the FY-3 satellite C launched in September 2013, was designed for acquiring setting and rising radio occultation (RO) data by using GNSS signals from both the Chinese BeiDou System (BDS) and the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS). So far, the GNOS measurements and atmospheric and ionospheric data products have been validated and evaluated and then been used for atmosphere and ionosphere related scientific applications. This paper reviews the FY-3C GNOS instrument, RO data processing, data quality evaluation, and research applications. The reviewed data validation and application results demonstrate that the FY-3C GNOS mission can provide accurate and precise atmospheric and ionospheric GNSS (i.e., GPS and BDS) RO profiles for numerical weather prediction (NWP), global climate monitoring (GCM) and space weather research (SWR). The performance of the FY-3C GNOS product quality evaluation and scientific applications establishes confidence that the GNOS data from the series of FY-3 satellites will provide important contributions to SWP, GCM and SWR scientific communities.
Geomorphic influences on the contribution of vegetation to soil C accumulation and accretion in Spartina alterniflora marshes
Authors: Elsey-Quirk Tracy , Unger Viktoria
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Salt marshes are important hotspots of long-term belowground carbon (C) storage, where plant biomass and allochthonous C can be preserved in the soil for thousands of years. However, C accumulation rates, as well as the sources of C, may differ depending on environmental conditions influencing plant productivity, allochthonous C deposition, and C preservation. For this study, we examined the relationship between belowground root growth, turnover, decay, above- and belowground biomass, and previously reported longer-term rates of total, labile, and refractory organic C accumulation and accretion in Spartina alterniflora-dominated marshes across two mid-Atlantic, US estuaries. Tidal range, long-term rates of mineral sedimentation, C accumulation, and accretion were higher and salinities were lower in marshes of the coastal plain estuary (Delaware Bay) than in the coastal lagoon (Barnegat Bay). We expected that the conditions promoting high rates of C accumulation would also promote high plant productivity and greater biomass. We further tested the influence of environmental conditions on belowground growth (roots + rhizomes), decomposition, and biomass of S. alterniflora. The relationship between plant biomass and C accumulation rate differed between estuaries. In the sediment-limited coastal lagoon, rates of total, labile, and refractory organic C accumulation were directly and positively related to above- and belowground biomass. Here, less flooding and a higher mineral sedimentation rate promoted greater above- and belowground biomass and, in turn, higher soil C accumulation and accretion rates. In the coastal plain estuary, the C accumulation rate was related only to aboveground biomass, which was positively related to the rate of labile C accumulation. Soil profiles indicated that live root and rhizome biomass was positively associated with labile C density for most marshes, yet high labile C densities below the live root zone and in marshes with high mineral sedimentation rates and low biomass signify the potential contribution of allochthonous C and the preservation of labile C. Overall, our findings illustrate the importance of sediment supply to marshes both for promoting positive plant-C accumulation-accretion feedbacks in geomorphic settings where mineral sediment is limiting and for promoting allochthonous inputs and preservation of labile C leading to high C accumulation and accretion rates in geomorphic settings where sediment supply is abundant.
Landscape analysis of soil methane flux across complex terrain
Authors: Kaiser Kendra E. , McGlynn Brian L. , Dore John E.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Relationships between methane (CH4) fluxes and environmental conditions have been extensively explored in saturated soils, while in aerated soils, the relatively small magnitudes of CH4 fluxes have made research less prevalent. Our study builds on previous carbon cycle research at Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest, Montana to identify how environmental conditions reflected by topographic metrics can be leveraged to estimate watershed scale CH4 fluxes from point scale measurements. Here, we measured soil CH4 concentrations and fluxes across a range of landscape positions (7 riparian, 25 upland), utilizing topographic and seasonal gradients to examine the relationships between environmental variables, hydrologic dynamics, and CH4 emission and uptake. Riparian areas emitted small fluxes of CH4 throughout the study (median: 0.186 µg CH4-C m−2 h−1) and uplands increased in sink strength with dry down of the watershed (median: −22.9 µg CH4-C m−2 h−1). Locations with volumetric water content (VWC) below 38 % were methane sinks, and uptake increased with decreasing VWC. Above 43 % VWC, net CH4 efflux occurred, and at intermediate VWC net fluxes were near zero. Riparian sites had near neutral cumulative seasonal flux, and cumulative uptake of CH4 in the uplands was significantly related to topographic indices. These relationships were used to model the net seasonal CH4 flux of the upper Stringer Creek watershed (−1.75 kg CH4-C ha−1). This spatially distributed estimate was 111 % larger than that obtained by simply extrapolating the mean CH4 flux to the entire watershed area. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying the space-time variability of net CH4 fluxes as predicted by the frequency distribution of landscape positions when assessing watershed scale greenhouse gas balances.
How Robust is Your System Resilience?
Authors: Homayounfar Mehran , Muneepeerakul Rachata , Anderies John M.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Robustness and resilience are concepts in systems thinking that have grown in importance and popularity. For many complex social-ecological systems, however, robustness and resilience are difficult to quantify and the connections and trade-offs between them difficult to study. Most studies have either focused on qualitative approaches to discuss their connections or considered only one of them under particular classes of disturbances. In this study, we present an analytical framework to address the linkage between robustness and resilience more systematically. Our analysis is based on a stylized dynamical model that operationalizes a widely used conceptual framework for social-ecological systems. The model enables us to rigorously delineate the boundaries of conditions under which the coupled system can be sustained in a long run, define robustness and resilience related to these boundaries, and consequently investigate their connections. The results reveal the tradeoffs between robustness and resilience. They also show how the nature of such tradeoffs varies with the choices of certain policies (e.g., taxation and investment in public infrastructure), internal stresses and external disturbances.
Causal dependences between the coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics over the Tropical Pacific, the North Pacific and the North Atlantic
Authors: Vannitsem Stéphane , Ekelmans Pierre
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The causal dependences between the dynamics of three different coupled ocean-atmosphere basins, The North Atlantic, the North Pacific and the Tropical Pacific region, NINO3.4, have been explored using data from three reanalyses datasets, namely the ORA-20C, the ORAS4 and the ERA-20C. The approach is based on the Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM) developed by Sugihara et al. (2012) that allows for evaluating the dependences between observables beyond the classical teleconnection patterns based on correlations. The use of CCM on these data mostly reveals that (i) the Tropical Pacific (NINO3.4 region) only influences the dynamics of the North Atlantic region through its annual climatological cycle; (ii) the atmosphere over the North Pacific is dynamically forcing the North Atlantic on a monthly basis; (iii) on longer time scales (interannual), the dynamics of the North Pacific and the North Atlantic are influencing each other through the ocean dynamics, suggesting a connection through the thermohaline circulation. These findings shed a new light on the coupling between these three different important regions of the globe. In particular they call for a deep reassessment of the way teleconnections are interpreted, and for a more rigorous way to evaluate causality and dependences between the different components of the climate system.
Real time rainfall estimation using microwave signals of cellular communication networks:
a case study of Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Sohail Afzal Muhammad , Shah Syed Hamid Hussain , Cheema Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud , Ahmad Riaz
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Water balance estimate requires high spatio-temporal water balance components and rainfall is one of them. Rainfall is stochastic variable, which varies with respect to space and time. There are different methods for rainfall estimation such as rain gauge, satellite data but the resolution of these methods are very low, which cause over and underestimation of rainfall. A real time rainfall estimation mechanism is tested using commercial cellular networks in Faisalabad, district of Pakistan. The microwave links are used to quantify rainfall intensities and estimate rainfall at high spatio-temporal resolution. The attenuation in electromagnetic signals due to varying rainfall intensities is measured by taking difference between the power transmitted and power received during rainy period and is the measure of the path-averaged rainfall intensity. This rainfall related distortion is converted into rainfall intensity. This technique is applied on a standard microwave communication network used by a cellular communication system, comprising 35 microwave links, and it allow for observation of near-surface rainfall at the temporal resolutions of 15 min. Signal data-set of year 2012–2014 and 2015–2017 is used for calibration and validation respectively with three rain gauge data-set. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparing the daily cumulative rainfall depth of University of Agriculture Faisalabad rain gauge (UAF-RG), Ayub Agriculture Research rain gauge(AR-RG) and Water and Sanitation Authority rain gauge (WASA-RG) with link based rainfall depths estimated from L2, L28 and L34 respectively, reaching r2 up to 0.97. UAF-RG is considered reference to study the spatial variability of rainfall of all the selected links within the study area, observed 10 %–60 % average spatial error of all links with the reference UAF-RG. All the results show that microwave links are potentially useful compared to the low resolution methods of rainfall estimation and can be used for effective water resources management.
An alternative approach for socio-hydrology: case study research
Authors: Mostert Erik
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Currently the most popular approach in socio hydrology is to develop coupled human–water models. This article proposes an alternative approach, qualitative case study research, involving a systematic review of (1) the human activities affecting the hydrology in the case, (2) the main human actors, and (3) the main factors influencing the actors and their activities. Moreover, this article presents a case study of the Dommel Basin in Belgium and the Netherlands, and compares this with a coupled model of the Kissimmee Basin in Florida. In both basins a pendulum swing from water resources development and control to protection and restoration can be observed. The Dommel case study moreover points to the importance of institutional and financial arrangements, community values, and broader social, economic, and technical developments. These factors are missing from the Kissimmee model. Generally, case studies can result in a more complete understanding of individual cases than coupled models, and if the cases are selected carefully and compared with previous studies, it is possible to generalize on the basis of them. Case studies also offer more levers for management and facilitate interdisciplinary cooperation. Coupled models, on the other hand, can be used to generate possible explanations of past developments and quantitative scenarios for future developments. The article concludes that, given the limited attention they currently get and their potential benefits, case studies deserve more attention in socio-hydrology.
Analysis of Different Gray Zone Treatments in WRF-LES Real Case Simulations
Authors: Doubrawa Paula , Montornès Alex , Barthelmie Rebecca J. , Pryor Sara C. , Casso Pau
Published: January 2018

Abstract. When conducting meso-micro scale coupled atmospheric simulations, it is crucial to ensure an adequate treatment of gray zone or terra incognita resolutions in which a large portion of the kinetic energy is naturally produced by the momentum balance equations in the model, while the remaining part still needs to be parameterized. In this work, we conduct three multi-day, real case, full-physics atmospheric simulations that are fully coupled from the meso to the micro scale and in which the only difference is the treatment of boundary layer physics at the gray zone domain. One simulation uses a well-established parameterization, another uses its scale-aware version previously modified to accommodate gray zone resolutions, and a final one uses no parameterization at all and assumes that the gray zone domain can be run in large-eddy simulation (LES) mode. The simulated fields are cross-compared, and further compared to measurements collected during the Prince Edward Island Wind Energy Experiment. Use of LES in the gray zone domain influences the flow fields in a manner that is robust to temporal averaging. The best predictions of vertical wind shear were found for the simulations in which the gray zone is parameterized, and the inclusion of a micro scale nest run in LES mode within the gray zone domains increased the model errors by producing overly homogeneous flow fields. The parameterized simulations also produced better agreement in terms of kinetic energy spectra at the two innermost simulation domains. In the gray zone domain, the energy decays as f−3 throughout most of the spectral range considered. In the micro scale domain, the same is only seen in the low-frequency end of the gray zone spectral range. In the high-frequency end, the energy decay follows a f−1 slope. Outside the gray zone spectral range, the micro scale simulated spectra follow the expected f−5/3 slope and produce good agreement with measurements.
FRAGMENTAÇÃO DA PAISAGEM NO MUNICÍPIO DE FÁTIMA, TO – BRASIL
Authors: Do Vale Telma Maria , Dias Ricardo Ribeiro
Published: January 2018

Buscou-se avaliar a fragmentação dos ambientes de vegetação primitiva, com a indicação de um possível corredor ecológico dentro do município de Fátima. Analisaram-se os remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Aluvial, Savana Arborizada/Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Submontana, Savana Arborizada e Savana Parque. Utilizaram-se os índices: área, borda, área central, forma e dimensão fractal média. Constatou-se que a Savana Arborizada apresenta os principais fragmentos para conservação por tamanho, maior regularidade das formas e bom grau de conservação de áreas interior. Destacam-se dois fragmentos de grande extensão (Bacia do Ribeirão Enseada), indicados para conservação ambiental e as suas conectividades podem ser estabelecidas por fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Os resultados da análise da fragmentação, também mostram que Fátima tem pouca área para implantar um programa de conservação ambiental por meio de áreas protegidas, sendo necessária uma ação imediata do poder público municipal para a preservação da vegetação na parte leste da Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Enseada, nos contrafortes da Serra das Cordilheiras. Os fragmentos das outras formações florestais desempenham papel importante para a conectividade dos maiores fragmentos.
“Lùlù fún wọn”: Oríkì in Contemporary Culture
Authors: Carter-Ényì Aaron
Published: January 2018

In the song and music video “Lùlù fún wọn” (Drum for them), Ìjálá artist Kojo Àyánwọlá praises Lágbájá, whose name means “somebody, anybody, nobody.” It is a peculiar challenge for a poet to sing praises for such a person. Yorùbá praise poetry, known as oríkì, canonically identifies one’s place of origin, family heritage, and good deeds. According to Lágbájá’s oríkì, his mother is the one who sells cowskin, which could be just about anyone. Lágbájá’s music video celebrates oríkì while pointing out its incongruity with contemporary urban life, in which heritage and culture are obscured by the quotidian. This article presents a survey of recent performances and recordings that alternately adapt or juxtapose the oríkì tradition to life in contemporary Nigeria.

Ní àkékúrú, nínú orin “Lùlù fún wọn”, Asùn’jálá Kojo Àyànwolé korin ki Lágbájá. Òrò yí, Lágbájá túmò sí “enikan, enikéni, enìkan ò sí. Ó jé ohun tó le ní pàtàkì jù lo láti korin oríkì irú okùnrin béè. Ásà oríkì tí ó jé ti Yorùbá kanlè to pinpin ibi tí a gbé sàn wa, àwon isé ìdílé eni àti ìwà ohun rere tí a gbé se. Gégé bí oríkì Lágbájá, ìyá rè jé eni tí ó nta pònmó, èyí já sí pé ó lè jé enikéni. Àwòrán orin Lágbájá gbé oríkì l’áruge nígbà tí ó sì tún fi títako ìgbé ayé ìgbàlódé àárín ìgboro, níbi tí ìgbé ayé ìdèra ojojúmó ti bo àsà àti ìse ìbílè lójú. Ìwé yí se àgbéyèwò àwon eré àti ìgbàsílè sínú èro tí ó se àyálò tàbí àfiwé àsà oríkì pèlú ìgbé ayé òde òní ní Ilè Nigeria (Nàìjíríà).
The Effectiveness of a Formal Physical Education Curriculum on the Physical Ability of Children in a Preschool Context
Authors: Loy-Ee Carol Boon Peng , Ng Patricia Mui Hoon
Published: January 2018

Studies have pointed to the benefits of physical activity (PA), yet the level of PA participation among preschoolers islow. This in turn could have resulted in the limited research literature on the PA level or physical educationcurriculum (PEC) of preschool children. Those reviewed here are mostly from countries in the West, as those fromAsia are unavailable. To fill this gap, the present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of a formalPEC on the physical ability of a sample of five-year old children from several preschools in Singapore. Using aPhysical Ability Assessment (PAA) tool with five variables, a pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design was usedto measure the effectiveness of the PEC with control and experimental groups for the comparative analysis. Theresults of the PAA are presented and the implications from the findings and analysis are discussed.
Remoções forçadas de grupos indígenas no Brasil republicano
Authors: Lima Edilene Coffaci de , Oliveira Jorge Eremites de
Published: January 2018

Em 2017 completam-se 50 anos da conclusão do Relatório Figueiredo, um extenso conjunto documental produzido durante o regime militar (1964-1985) pelo procurador Jader Figueiredo Correia, em atenção ao pedido do ministro do Interior, general Afonso Augusto de Albuquerque Lima. Nesta importantíssima fonte para diversos tipos de pesquisa constam, cruamente expostos, vários relatos de ações genocidas promovidas contra comunidades indígenas. São atividades que marcam profundamente a história recente do Brasil, sobretudo a política indigenista oficial em parte do período republicano. Todos os tomos do Relatório ultrapassam a 7 mil páginas, nas quais plasmam relatos de massacres, esbulhos, arrendamentos ilícitos de terras, intimidações, ameaças, torturas, envenenamentos, estupros, assassinatos, trabalho escravo, fraudes e roubos do patrimônio indígena, dentre outras formas de violência promovida contra os povos originários. Os crimes aconteceram em todo o território nacional, de Norte a Sul, e os fatos revelam muito sobre a origem da propriedade privada da terra em vastas extensões do Brasil e o enriquecimento de certas elites locais.
Ñemosarambipa: deslocamentos forçados entre os Guarani em Mato Grosso Do Sul
Authors: Colman Rosa Sebastiana
Published: January 2018

Os principais elementos considerados neste trabalho é a localização dos Guarani em um território transnacional que estão presentes em quatro países: Bolívia, Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina. Resultando disso, os Guarani trabalham com noções e conceitos próprios de fronteira. Além disso, exploraremos a concepção guarani sobre mobilidade pois, atualmente há uma profunda ligação da caminhada dos povos guarani rumo ao leste, com a formação das Terras Indígenas já existentes e com as que estão em formação. E finalmente abordaremos o conceito de Ñemosarambipa, que significa em Guarani, ‘esparramo`. Este conceito é utilizado pelos Guarani para explicar o processo de dispersão das aldeias e famílias extensas no momento em que ocorreu a implantação das fazendas de gado e correspondente perda da terra. Desta forma, compreendemos que o processo de expulsão e confinamento deixou como uma das consequências, o “esparramo” (ñemosarambipa), que significou a desintegração e desestruturação social dos Guarani em Mato Grosso do Sul.
Expectativas e concepções de trabalho na velhice em homens na meia-idade
Authors: Freitas Milena Cristina , Campos Tatiane Dornelas , Gil Claudia Aranha
Published: January 2018

Objetivou-se neste artigo analisar as expectativas e concepções de trabalho na velhice em homens de meia-idade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que contou com a participação de quinze homens na faixa etária entre 50 e 59 anos que trabalham em atividade formal ou informal. Realizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada e aplicação da técnica projetiva denominada procedimento Desenhos-Estórias com Tema. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Foram identificadas categorias como expectativas e representações diante da velhice, trabalho e aposentadoria. Observou-se que as expectativas diante da aposentadoria foram associadas ao desejo em praticar atividades prazerosas, porém os dados da realidade sobre a instabilidade financeira e responsabilidades com os familiares não permitem que os participantes na meia-idade parem suas atividades profissionais. O estudo demonstra que as expectativas e concepções de trabalho na velhice estão, de modo geral, associadas tanto a continuidade quanto a sua ressignificação nessa fase da vida.
Memoria de Joan Reglà en su centenario (1917-2017)
Authors: Abad Nebot Francisco
Published: January 2018

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RESEÑA de: Carbó, F.; Gregori, C. i Rosselló, R. X. (eds.) (2016) La ironia en les literatures occidentals des de l’inici de segle fins a 1939, Barcelona, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 551 pp.
Authors: Escudero Alcamí Trinidad
Published: January 2018

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Table of contents
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Published: January 2018

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El sorteo y la sociología de las retribuciones políticas: a propósito de un debate en la Asamblea francesa
Authors: Carballo Rodríguez Francisco Manuel
Published: January 2018

En este artículo se plantea el análisis de un debate sobre la introducción del sorteo en política. Presentaremos dos propuestas debatidas en la Asamblea Nacional Francesa en 2015 y las analizaremos movilizando dos marcos teóricos: el primero de ellos es el que desarrolla Bernard Manin en su libro Los principios del gobierno representativo. El segundo, nos permitirá plantear una discusión de los límites del marco anterior, a partir de los conceptos de campo político y capital político. Por último, trataremos de mostrar la utilidad del concepto de capital político para objetivar críticamente el discurso de la representación basado en el principio de distinción.
Ansiedad entre cuidadores de pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica tras el alta hospitalaria
Authors: Garcia-Guillamón Gloria , Bernabeu-Mora Roberto , Montilla-Herrador Joaquina , Seva-Llor Ana Myriam , Gacto-Sánchez Mariano , Garcia-Vidal Jose Antonio
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Identificar los factores que influyen en cambios en la ansiedad de los cuidadores tres meses después del alta hospitalaria por exacerbación aguda de la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC).  
Metodología: Estudio longitudinal. Participaron 87 cuidadores de pacientes hospitalizados por exacerbación aguda de EPOC. Se midió la ansiedad en el momento de la hospitalización y tres meses después del alta. Además, se midieron potenciales factores asociados a su cambio en cuatro dominios: Contexto del cuidado, demandas del cuidado, recursos y características del paciente. Utilizamos regresiones logísticas múltiples univariadas y multivariadas para determinar los cambios en la ansiedad tres meses después.
Resultados: Presentaron ansiedad en el momento de la hospitalización el 57,5% de los cuidadores. De ellos, el 44% había remitido su ansiedad tres meses después del alta hospitalaria. Sin embargo, el 22% de los cuidadores quienes no habían presentado ansiedad en el momento de la hospitalización se mostraron ansiosos a los 3 meses. La gravedad de la EPOC y no recibir apoyo de otro cuidador disminuyó las probabilidades de remisión de la ansiedad. La sobrecarga moderadamente alta incrementa las probabilidades de presentar  nuevos síntomas de ansiedad.
Conclusiones: La percepción de los síntomas de la ansiedad es dinámica. Los cuidadores pueden recuperarse si reciben ayuda de otro cuidador o si el paciente al que cuidan no está en un estado severo de EPOC.