bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isoform-specific Inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors by Bile Salts
Authors: Koch Angela , Bonus Michele , Gohlke Holger , Klöcker Nikolaj
Published: July 2019

The N-methyl-D-aspartate subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDARs) is well known for its important roles in the central nervous system (CNS), e.g. learning and memory formation. Besides the CNS, NMDARs are also expressed in numerous peripheral tissues including the pancreas, kidney, stomach, and blood cells, where an understanding of their physiological and pathophysiological roles is only evolving. Whereas subunit composition increases functional diversity of NMDARs, a great number of endogenous cues tune receptor signaling. Here, we characterized the effects of the steroid bile salts cholate and chenodeoxycholate (CDC) on recombinantly expressed NMDARs of defined molecular composition. CDC inhibited NMDARs in an isoform-dependent manner, preferring GluN2D and GluN3B over GluN2A and GluN2B receptors. Determined IC50 values were in the range of bile salt serum concentrations in severe cholestatic disease states, pointing at a putative pathophysiological significance of the identified receptor modulation. Both pharmacological and molecular simulation analyses indicate that CDC acts allosterically on GluN2D, whereas it competes with agonist binding on GluN3B receptors. Such differential modes of inhibition may allow isoform-specific targeted interference with the NMDAR/bile salt interaction. In summary, our study provides further molecular insight into the modulation of NMDARs by endogenous steroids and points at a putative pathophysiological role of the receptors in cholestatic disease.
Simultaneous determination of 25 pesticides in Zizania latifolia by dispersive solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Feng , Yu Jia-yong , Wang Quan-sheng , Fu Yan , Zhang Hao , Wu Yin-liang
Published: July 2019

An improved quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with ultrapressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed to simultaneously determine 25 pesticides in Zizania latifolia. The samples were extracted with methanol(MeOH) and 0.1% formic acid (80:20, v/v) and cleaned with C18 absorbent and primary-secondary amine (PSA). LC separation was performed on a BEH C18 UPLC column under the condition of gradient elution with the mobile phase consisted of 0.5% formic acid (10 mM ammonium acetate)/MeOH. External standard calibration method with matrix-matched was used for quantification, and good linearity was obtained over a concentration range of 0.5–100 μg/l, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9901. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the 25 pesticides were in the range of 0.2–1.0 µg/kg and 0.5–3.3 µg/kg, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 72% to 118%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 20%. Thus, the proposed method is suitable for the simultaneous determination of 25 pesticides in Z. latifolia.
Activity of the inferior parietal cortex is modulated by visual feedback delay in the robot hand illusion
Authors: Ismail Mohamad Arif Fahmi Bin , Shimada Sotaro
Published: July 2019

The robot hand illusion (RoHI) is the perception of self-ownership and self-agency of a virtual (robot) hand that moves consistently with one’s own. The phenomenon shows that self-attribution can be established via temporal integration of visual and movement information. Our previous study showed that participants felt significantly greater RoHI (sense of self-ownership and sense of self-agency) when visuomotor temporal discrepancies were less than 200 ms. A weaker RoHI effect (sense of self-agency only) was observed when temporal discrepancies were between 300 and 500 ms. Here, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate brain activity associated with the RoHI under different visual feedback delays (100 ms, 400 ms, 700 ms). We found that the angular and supramarginal gyri exhibited significant activation in the 100-ms feedback condition. ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the 100-ms condition and the other conditions (p < 0.01). These results demonstrate that activity in the posterior parietal cortex was modulated by the delay between the motor command and the visual feedback of the virtual hand movements. Thus, we propose that the inferior parietal cortex is essential for integrating motor and visual information to distinguish one’s own body from others.
MRI coupled with clinically-applicable iron oxide nanoparticles reveals choroid plexus involvement in a murine model of neuroinflammation
Authors: Hubert Violaine , Dumot Chloé , Ong Elodie , Amaz Camille , Canet-Soulas Emmanuelle , Chauveau Fabien , Wiart Marlène
Published: July 2019

Choroid plexus (ChPs) are involved in the early inflammatory response that occurs in many brain disorders. However, the activation of immune cells within the ChPs in response to neuroinflammation is still largely unexplored in-vivo. There is therefore a crucial need for developing imaging tool that would allow the non-invasive monitoring of ChP involvement in these diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coupled with superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (SPIO) is a minimally invasive technique allowing to track phagocytic cells in inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to investigate the potential of ultrasmall SPIO (USPIO)-enhanced MRI to monitor ChP involvement in-vivo in a mouse model of neuroinflammation obtained by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide. Using high resolution MRI, we identified marked USPIO-related signal drops in the ChPs of animals with neuroinflammation compared to controls. We confirmed these results quantitatively using a 4-points grading system. Ex-vivo analysis confirmed USPIO accumulation within the ChP stroma and their uptake by immune cells. We validated the translational potential of our approach using the clinically-applicable USPIO Ferumoxytol. MR imaging of USPIO accumulation within the ChPs may serve as an imaging biomarker to study ChP involvement in neuroinflammatory disorders that could be applied in a straightforward way in clinical practice.
Depletion of Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU-1) promotes cell invasion of breast cancer cells through a compensatory upregulation of a truncated isoform
Authors: Gkretsi Vasiliki , Kalli Maria , Efstathiades Christodoulos , Papageorgis Panagiotis , Papanikolaou Vassilios , Zacharia Lefteris C. , Tsezou Aspasia , Athanassiou Evangelos , Stylianopoulos Triantafyllos
Published: July 2019

Extracellular matrix (ECM)-adhesion proteins and actin cytoskeleton are pivotal in cancer cell invasion. Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU-1), a cell-ECM adhesion protein that interacts with PINCH-1, thus being connected to Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK), alpha-parvin (PARVA), and actin cytoskeleton, is up-regulated in metastatic breast cancer (BC) samples. Apart from the originally-identified gene (RSU-1L), an alternatively-spliced isoform (RSU-1-X1) has been reported. We used non-invasive MCF-7 cells, expressing only RSU-1L, and highly invasive MDA-MB-231-LM2 expressing both isoforms and generated stable shRNA-transduced cells lacking RSU-1L, while the truncated RSU-1-X1 isoform was depleted by siRNA-mediated silencing. RSU-1L depletion in MCF-7 cells resulted in complete abrogation of tumor spheroid invasion in three-dimensional collagen gels, whereas it promoted MDA-MB-231-LM2 invasion, through a compensatory upregulation of RSU-1-X1. When RSU-1-X1 was also eliminated, RSU-1L-depletion-induced migration and invasion were drastically reduced being accompanied by reduced urokinase plasminogen activator expression. Protein expression analysis in 23 human BC samples corroborated our findings showing RSU-1L to be upregulated and RSU-1-X1 downregulated in metastatic samples. We demonstrate for the first time, that both RSU-1 isoforms promote invasion in vitro while RSU-1L elimination induces RSU-1-X1 upregulation to compensate for the loss. Hence, we propose that both isoforms should be blocked to effectively eliminate metastasis.
Efficient White LEDs Using Liquid-state Magic-sized CdSe Quantum Dots
Authors: Sadeghi Sadra , Khabbaz Abkenar Sirous , Ow-Yang Cleva W. , Nizamoglu Sedat
Published: July 2019

Magic clusters have attracted significant interest to explore the dynamics of quantum dot (QD) nucleation and growth. At the same time, CdSe magic-sized QDs reveal broadband emission in the visible wavelength region, which advantageously offer simple integration of a single-type of nanomaterial and high color rendering ability for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, we optimized the quantum yield of magic-sized CdSe QDs up to 22% via controlling the synthesis parameters without any shelling or post-treatment process and integrated them in liquid-state on blue LED to prevent the efficiency drop due to host-material effect. The fabricated white LEDs showed color-rendering index and luminous efficiency up to 89 and 11.7 lm/W, respectively.
Forecasting cell fate during antibiotic exposure using stochastic gene expression
Authors: Rossi Nicholas A. , El Meouche Imane , Dunlop Mary J.
Published: July 2019

Antibiotic killing does not occur at a single, precise time for all cells within a population. Variability in time to death can be caused by stochastic expression of genes, resulting in differences in endogenous stress-resistance levels between individual cells in a population. Here we investigate whether single-cell differences in gene expression prior to antibiotic exposure are related to cell survival times after antibiotic exposure for a range of genes of diverse function. We quantified the time to death of single cells under antibiotic exposure in combination with expression of reporters. For some reporters, including genes involved in stress response and cellular processes like metabolism, the time to cell death had a strong relationship with the initial expression level of the genes. Our results highlight the single-cell level non-uniformity of antibiotic killing and also provide examples of key genes where cell-to-cell variation in expression is strongly linked to extended durations of antibiotic survival.
Calicheamicins as Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads
Authors: Dushin Russell G.
Published: July 2019

The calicheamicins are a class of naturally occurring DNA-damaging agents that were isolated and identified over 30 years ago. From the outset, it was recognized that the extreme cytotoxic potencies of members of this class of natural products precluded their use as stand-alone agents, but their potential utility as payloads for antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) inspired researchers to search for the ideal calicheamicin derivative that could be successfully employed in this context. This chapter reviews the discovery of the calicheamicins and related compounds, the evolution of the so-called “AcBut-DMH–N-acetyl-calicheamicin” linker–payload used on Mylotarg™ and Besponsa™, the discovery of the related “DMA–N-acetyl-calicheamicin” derivative employed on another clinically relevant calicheamicin-based ADC, and ADCs bearing fully synthetic derivatives of calicheamicin θ1I that were accessed through reasonably efficient synthetic protocols.
Pro-pyrrolobenzodiazepines and Conjugates as Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads
Authors: Vlahov Iontcho R. , Kleindl Paul J. , Felten Albert , Leamon Christopher P.
Published: July 2019

Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) and their dimers have emerged as some of the most potent chemotherapeutic compounds, and are currently under development as novel payloads in antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). However, when used as stand-alone therapeutics or as payloads for small-molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs), the highly reactive imine functionality has the potential to cause off-target toxicities. As an elegant solution to this inherent problem, we have designed diazepine-ring-opened conjugated prodrugs lacking the imine moiety. Once the prodrug (pro-PBD) conjugate enters a targeted cell, cleavage of the linker system triggers the generation of reactive intermediates possessing an aromatic amine and electrophilic center, in the form of either an aldehyde or oxime ether. An intramolecular ring-closing reaction subsequently takes place as the aromatic amine adds to the aldehyde or the oxime ether to give the imine, and as a result, the diazepine ring. To prove the range of applications for these new classes of latent DNA-alkylators, we designed and synthesized several novel latent payloads: pro-PBD dimers and hybrids of pro-PBD with other sequence-selective DNA minor groove binders. Preliminary preclinical pharmacology studies have shown excellent biological activity and specificity.
Indolinobenzodiazepine Dimers (IGNs) as Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads
Authors: Miller Micheal L. , Chari Ravi V. J.
Published: July 2019

The use of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) as a means to selectively deliver cytotoxic agents to cancer cells has become a clinically validated approach for cancer therapy with the recent approval of four ADCs. While the majority of ADCs in clinical use involve tubulin-interacting agents, there has been a shift towards developing payloads with alternative mechanisms of action, such as those that target DNA, exemplified by the use of the DNA cross-linking pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs). While these agents have shown promising early clinical results, high systemic toxicity has been dose-limiting. In this chapter, we describe the development of a new class of DNA-interacting agents in which, by chemical design, we have altered the mechanism of action of our diimine indolinobenzodiazepine (IGN) DNA cross-linking agents to become DNA-alkylating agents. This modification, combined with further linker design, led to IGN ADCs that display similar in vitro potency to those containing DNA cross-linkers despite the different mechanism of action. More importantly, these DNA-alkylating ADCs produce improved bystander killing, in vivo efficacy and tolerability. Taken together these purposely-designed DNA-alkylating IGN ADCs have the potential to provide extended benefit, thus broadening the clinical application of ADC technology.
Amatoxins as RNA Polymerase II Inhibiting Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads
Authors: Pahl Andreas , Lutz Christian , Hechler Torsten
Published: July 2019

Amatoxins are a group of natural toxins which occur in the death cap mushroom (Amanita phalloides). They work by inhibiting RNA polymerase II, which results in apoptosis. RNA-polymerase II inhibition is a novel mechanism of action in cancer therapy and offers the possibility of breaking through drug resistance or destroying dormant tumour cells, which could produce major clinical advances. Amanitin, as the most potent member of this toxin family, has been made accessible for cancer therapy by developing it as a payload for antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). This chapter describes the discovery and chemistry of the amatoxins, and the development of the amanitin-ADC technology.
Two-photon absorption and photoluminescence of colloidal gold nanoparticles and nanoclusters
Authors: Olesiak-Banska Joanna , Waszkielewicz Magdalena , Obstarczyk Patryk , Samoc Marek
Published: July 2019

An overview of pioneering papers and the latest research on two-photon absorption and photoluminescence in plasmonic nanoparticles and ultrasmall nanoclusters.
Simultaneous determination of cytokinins by high performance liquid chromatography with resonance Rayleigh scattering and mechanism discussion
Authors: Zhang Zhongying , Peng Jingdong , Li Shiyu , Peng Huanjun , Wang Xiang , Long Dengying , Chen Jun , Xian Hong , Ni Ranxi
Published: July 2019

A method of high performance liquid chromatography associated with resonance Rayleigh scattering (HPLC-RRS) was developed to detect three cytokinins, namely, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), kinetin (KT) and zeatin (ZT).
A mitochondria-targeted and deep-red emission ratiometric fluorescent probe for real-time visualization of SO2 in living cells, zebrafish and living mice
Authors: Gao Wenjie , Ma Yanyan , Lin Weiying
Published: July 2019

A mitochondria-targeted and red-emissive ratiometric fluorescent probe for fast imaging of SO2 in living cells and zebrafish has been developed, and the changes of SO2 in living mice have been visualized in real time with this probe.
Reductive linear- and cyclo-trimerization of isocyanides using an Al–Al-bonded compound
Authors: Chen Weixing , Zhao Yanxia , Xu Wenhua , Su Ji-Hu , Shen Lingyi , Liu Li , Wu Biao , Yang Xiao-Juan
Published: July 2019

Dialumane can promote cyclo-trimerization of isocyanides in the presence of Na, affording the product [Na][LAl{μ-η1:η2-(tBuNC)3}Al(CN)L] with a unique aromatic tri(tert-butylimino)deltate dianion [C3N3(tBu)3]2−.
Exploring crown-ether functionalization on the stabilization of hexavalent neptunium
Authors: Pyrch Mikaela M. , Williams James M. , Forbes Tori Z.
Published: July 2019

Np(vi) oxidation state stabilized in the presence of functionalized crown ether.
Lewis base-catalyzed asymmetric sulfenylation of alkenes: construction of sulfenylated lactones and application to the formal syntheses of (−)-nicotlactone B and (−)-galbacin
Authors: Luo Hui-Yun , Xie Yu-Yang , Song Xu-Feng , Dong Jia-Wei , Zhu Deng , Chen Zhi-Min
Published: July 2019

An efficient method for the preparation of chiral sulfenylated lactones was described based on Lewis base-catalyzed enantioselective sulfenylation of alkenes.
A bi-layer buffer system AlN/Al1−xInxN to enable the growth of high crystal quality Al0.36In0.64N thin films on Si (111)
Authors: Lu Wei , Wang Xiaoyi , Ma Yongjun , Grasso Salvatore , Xu Ming
Published: July 2019

We report a unique AlN/AlInN bi-layer buffer design to enable the growth of textured c-axis wurtzite Al0.36In0.64N epilayer on a Si (111) substrate, which creates the possibility to grow high crystal quality Al0.36In0.64N.
Spin-pair state-induced exceptional magnetic field responses from a thermally activated delayed fluorescence-assisted fluorescent material doping system
Authors: Hu Yeqian , Tang Xiantong , Pan Ruiheng , Deng Jinqiu , Zhu Hongqiang , Xiong Zuhong
Published: July 2019

Some exceptional magnetic field responses reflect complex spin-pair states and energy transfer processes in thermally activated delayed fluorescence-assisted fluorescent OLEDs.
Investigation of the properties of nanographene in polymer nanocomposites through molecular simulations: dynamics and anisotropic Brownian motion
Authors: Rissanou Anastassia N. , Bačová Petra , Harmandaris Vagelis
Published: July 2019

The dynamical behavior of nanographene sheets dispersed in polymer matrices is investigated through united-atom molecular dynamics simulations.
Accumulation of liquid hydrocarbons during cobalt-catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch synthesis - influence of activity and chain growth probability
Authors: Rößler Stefan , Kern Christoph , Jess Andreas
Published: July 2019

It may take over one year in order to fill FT catalyst pores, depending on activity and chain growth probability.
Ambient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction on a MoO2/graphene hybrid: experimental and DFT studies
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Ya-ping , Zhang Hu , Huang Da-jian , Chu Ke
Published: July 2019

A combination of experimental measurements and DFT calculations revealed that the MoO2/RGO hybrid could be a highly active and robust catalyst for ambient electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis.
Low-valence or tetravalent cation doping of manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (K-OMS-2) materials for nitrogen oxide emission abatement
Authors: Wu Xiaomin , Yu Xiaolong , Chen Ziyi , Huang Zhiwei , Jing Guohua
Published: July 2019

Substitutionally doped oxide catalysts with abundant oxygen vacancy defects (OVDs) can effectively improve the catalytic activity efficiency.
The role of intermolecular forces in contact electrification on polymer surfaces and triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Šutka Andris , Mālnieks Kaspars , Lapčinskis Linards , Kaufelde Paula , Linarts Artis , Bērziņa Astrīda , Zābels Roberts , Jurķāns Vilnis , Gorņevs Ilgvars , Blūms Juris , Knite Māris
Published: July 2019

The present study reports the origin of surface charge on the polymer surface upon triboelectrification and is a step forward towards the development of next generation of mechanical energy harvesting systems.
Cu1–Cu0 bicomponent CuNPs@ZIF-8 for highly selective hydrogenation of biomass derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Feng Yunchao , Yan Guihua , Wang Ting , Jia Wenlong , Zeng Xianhai , Sperry Jonathan , Sun Yong , Tang Xing , Lei Tingzhou , Lin Lu
Published: July 2019

Cu1–Cu0 bicomponent CuNPs@ZIF-8 is a highly selective and active catalyst for the hydrogenation of HMF to DHMF.
Metal-free, visible-light-promoted oxidative radical cyclization of N-biarylglycine esters: one-pot construction of phenanthridine-6-carboxylates in water
Authors: Natarajan Palani , Chuskit Deachen , Priya Priya
Published: July 2019

A metal-free, visible-light (blue LED: hν = 425 ± 15 nm) photoredox-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization reaction of N-biarylglycine esters to phenanthridine-6-carboxylates in water under an open air atmosphere at ambient conditions has been developed.
Recent advances in the use of TiO2 nanotube powder in biological, environmental, and energy applications
Authors: Abbas Walaa A. , Abdullah Ibrahim H. , Ali Basant A. , Ahmed Nashaat , Mohamed Aya M. , Rezk Marwan Y. , Ismail Noha , Mohamed Mona A. , Allam Nageh K.
Published: July 2019

The use of titanium dioxide nanotubes in the powder form (TNTP) has been a hot topic for the past few decades in many applications.
Spontaneous full photocatalytic water splitting on 2D MoSe2/SnSe2 and WSe2/SnSe2 vdW heterostructures
Authors: Fan Yingcai , Wang Junru , Zhao Mingwen
Published: July 2019

The heterostructures have the HER and OER in water-splitting taking place separately on the two components with the STH energy conversion efficiencies up to 10.5%. The Se-vacancy makes the two reactions occur spontaneously in pure water.
Design strategies for the development of a Pd-based acetylene hydrochlorination catalyst: improvement of catalyst stability by nitrogen-containing ligands
Authors: He Haihua , Zhao Jia , Wang Bolin , Yue Yuxue , Sheng Gangfeng , Wang Qingtao , Yu Lu , Hu Zhong-Ting , Li Xiaonian
Published: July 2019

The activation of substrates over Pd active sites and the corresponding dispersion could be enhanced by the introduction of N-containing ligands.
Design and synthesis of novel phenylaminopyrimidines with antiproliferative activity against colorectal cancer
Authors: Henidi Hanan A. , Al-Abd Ahmed M. , Al-Abbasi Fahad A. , BinMahfouz Hawazen A. , El-Deeb Ibrahim M.
Published: July 2019

A new series of phenylaminopyrimidine (PAP) derivatives was designed and synthesized to act against tyrosine kinases for the treatment of cancer.
Eco-friendly transparent poplar-based composites that are stable and flexible at high temperature
Authors: Zou Weihua , Sun Delin , Wang Zhangheng , Li Ruoyao , Yu Wenxuan , Zhang Pingfang
Published: July 2019

Farmed poplar could meet the human demand for transparent wood-based composites to replace glass, avoiding the consumption of natural forest resources.
Cobalt-catalyzed acylation-reactions of (hetero)arylzinc pivalates with thiopyridyl ester derivatives
Authors: Lutter Ferdinand H. , Grokenberger Lucie , Hofmayer Maximilian S. , Knochel Paul
Published: July 2019

A cobalt-catalyzed acylation reaction of (hetero)arylzinc pivalates using primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl, benzyl and (hetero)aryl S-pyridyl thioesters has been developed.
Local structure and vibrational dynamics of proton conducting Ba2In2O5(H2O)x
Authors: Perrichon A. , Jiménez-Ruiz M. , Mazzei L. , Rahman S. M. H. , Karlsson M.
Published: July 2019

Studies of partially and fully hydrated Ba2In2O5(H2O)xproton conductors point toward segregation into pseudo-cubic and brownmillerite-type phases and a highly anisotropic proton conduction mechanism.
A thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-based A2–A1–D–A1–A2 type low bandgap non-fullerene acceptor with 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) as the terminal group
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Chen You , Wang Xiaochen , Li Feng , Tang Ailing , Geng Yanfang , Zhou Erjun
Published: July 2019

As the most successful end-capped unit in conventional A–D–A type non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) plays a significant role in enhancing the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs).
Mn-Loaded apolactoferrin dots forin vivoMRI and NIR-II cancer imaging
Authors: Zhou Hui , Yang Han , Tang Lin , Wang Yue , Li Yang , Liu Nan , Zeng Xiaodong , Yan Yu , Wu Junzhu , Chen Shizhen , Xiao Long , Yu Yi , Deng Zixin , Deng Hai , Hong Xuechuan , Xiao Yuling
Published: July 2019

The dual modal imaging probeH-dotwas prepared forin vivoNIR-II/MR imaging of orthotopic U87MG glioblastoma xenografts.
The effect of a heavy atom on the radiative pathways of an emitter with dual conformation, thermally-activated delayed fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence
Authors: de Sa Pereira Daniel , Lee Dong Ryun , Kukhta Nadzeya A. , Lee Kyung Hyung , Kim Cho Long , Batsanov Andrei S. , Lee Jun Yeob , Monkman Andrew P.
Published: July 2019

This study focuses on the photophysics of a donor–acceptor molecule with 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine and phenoselenazine acceptor and donor units.
High quality two-photon pumped whispering-gallery-mode lasing from ultrathin CdS microflakes
Authors: Zhao Liyun , Shang Qiuyu , Gao Yan , Jin Bao , Zhai Tianyou , Zhang Qing
Published: July 2019

Room temperature two-photon pumped green-color whispering-gallery-mode lasing from cadmium sulfide microflakes with dimensions below 60 nm.
Strain sensor based on a flexible polyimide ionogel for application in high- and low-temperature environments
Authors: Xiang Shuangfei , Chen Shuangshuang , Yao Mengting , Zheng Feng , Lu Qinghua
Published: July 2019

A flexible polyimide ionogel was prepared as a strain sensor which can not only be used as a conformal soft material for body motions but also provides an opportunity for controlling AI robots in extreme environments (−60 to 180 °C).
Water-proof and thermally inert flexible pressure sensors based on zero temperature coefficient of resistance hybrid films
Authors: Gao Zhiyi , Jiang Kai , Lou Zheng , Han Wei , Shen Guozhen
Published: July 2019

The accurate measurement of pressure sensors realizes the idea of non-interference environmental monitoring, which is very important for the application of electronic skins (e-skins).
A2Bi2(SO4)2Cl4(A = NH4, K, Rb): achieving a subtle balance of the large second harmonic generation effect and sufficient birefringence in sulfate nonlinear optical materials
Authors: Chen Kaichuang , Yang Yi , Peng Guang , Yang Shunda , Yan Tao , Fan Huixin , Lin Zheshuai , Ye Ning
Published: July 2019

A series of sulfates A2Bi2(SO4)2Cl4(A = NH4, K, Rb) were synthesized, achieving a subtle balance of a large SHG effect and sufficient birefringence.
Effects of icariin on long noncoding RNA and mRNA expression profile in the aortas of apoE-deficient mice
Authors: Zhang Yibing , Xu Rui , Li Xiangjun , Tan Qi , Huang Peng , Zhang Yang , Qin Meng , Ren Liqun
Published: July 2019

Objective : The beneficial effects of icariin (ICA) in ameliorating atherosclerosis (AS) are well known, but the underlying protective mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate altered long noncosing RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA expression profiles in ApoE−/− mice after ICA treatment.

Method : The atherosclerotic plaque area was evaluated on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced ApoE−/− mice treated with either ICA or vehicle. LncRNA and mRNA integrated microarrays was performed on aortic tissues. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were utilized to explore the significant function and pathway of the differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, global signal transduction network were constructed to select key mRNAs, and lncRNA–mRNA co-expression network was built to find out the interactions between lncRNA and mRNA. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to further validate the expressions of selected lncRNAs and mRNAs.

Results : Administration of ICA significantly reduced plaque size after 12 weeks (P<0.05). A total of 1512 DE lncRNAs and 2059 DE mRNAs were identified. The mRNAs: protein kinase C, β (Prkcb), Cyp2c65, Mapk10, Calmodulin 5 (Calm5), Calmodulin-like 3 (Calml3) and Camk4 were selected as hub mRNAs, the correlated lncRNAs in co-expression network were identified as important regulatory lncRNAs. The identified target pairs such as lncRNA-NONMMUT000659/Prkcb may play critical roles in AS development mediated by ICA.

Conclusion : Taken together, our study highlights a panel of DE lncRNAs and mRNAs that could explain the molecular mechanism of ICA’s anti-atherosclerotic effects. The work lays a foundation for subsequent genes functional researches, which could contribute to provide new therapeutic targets for AS.
Visualizing the inner life of microbes: practices of multi-color single-molecule localization microscopy in microbiology
Authors: Vojnovic Ilijana , Winkelmeier Jannik , Endesfelder Ulrike
Published: July 2019

In this review, we discuss multi-color single-molecule imaging and tracking strategies for studying microbial cell biology. We first summarize and compare the methods in a detailed literature review of published studies conducted in bacteria and fungi. We then introduce a guideline on which factors and parameters should be evaluated when designing a new experiment, from fluorophore and labeling choices to imaging routines and data analysis. Finally, we give some insight into some of the recent and promising applications and developments of these techniques and discuss the outlook for this field.
Game‐theoretic cybersecurity analysis for false data injection attack on networked microgrids
Authors: Nikmehr Nima , Moradi Moghadam Solmaz
Published: July 2019

In well‐managed coordinated networked microgrids (MGs) besides electricity interchange between MGs, global optimisation is fulfilled. Here the authors studied a networked MG architecture, in which the control centre of microgrids communicates with a distribution network operator (DNO) to fulfil their local requirements. However, communication signals are always vulnerable to cyberattacks. While the surplus/deficit powers are reported by one MG to DNO, other MGs can act as potential cyber attackers aimed at decreasing their own costs. This action may also lead to threat the global optimisation of networked MGs. When an attacker manipulates the signal sent from the attacked MG to DNO, it will result in a false power interchange schedule produced by DNO. The attacker MG in the next step, maliciously accesses and changes the signal sent from the DNO to the attacked MG. In case a successful attack executed, the operation cost of the attacker MG will be decreased. Furthermore, a game‐theoretic model of attacker–defender interaction is proposed, while different behaviours of players are addressed. The optimal scheduling scheme of MGs is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear programming problem and solved by CPLEX. Simulation results show the impacts of the attacks and importance of the defend strategies.
Mathematical models for optimising bi-enzyme biosensors
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Yupeng
Published: July 2019

From our previous work we have seen examples of problems where including diffusion of a reactant into the model only affects the transient behaviour of the system but has no effect on the final steady states of its concentration. The equilibrium values are the only piece of information required for the solution of our experimental problem and in such situations it is important to identify the conditions under which a complex partial differential equations model can be replaced with a simpler one. The aim of this study is to find the optimal ratio of the two enzymes involved with a bi-enzyme electrode based on a flow injection analysis. Three mathematical models was constructed each neglect different aspects of the biosensor functionality. A detailed comparison of the models was carried out, base on various physical conditions recommendations of the best modelling strategy were given.
Analysis of the multilayer woven fabric behaviour during the forming process: focus on the loss of cohesion within the woven fibre network
Authors: Labanieh Ahmad Rashed , Garnier Christian , Ouagne Pierre , Dalverny Olivier , Soulat Damien
Published: July 2019

The first step in the composite manufacturing process consists of forming a flat textile reinforcing structure into a 3D shape. The quality of the final composite part is affected by the presence of defects induced during the forming process. Loss of cohesion in the woven fibre network (intra-ply yarn sliding) is a frequent defect in the forming process. It is expected when the cohesion between the yarns is weak or when the blank holder pressure is high. However, the mechanism of formation of this defect is not fully understood. In the present study, forming experiments with friction-based holder have been conducted for a monolayer twill woven carbon fabric in two orientations and for two plies of this fabric with different relative orientations. The occurrence of the intra-ply yarns sliding has been observed as a function of the blank holder pressure. A correlation between the occurrence of this defect and the fabric orientation has been noticed. Furthermore, the effect of the fabric orientation, number of plies, relative plies orientation and blank holder pressure on the recorded forming force and on the fabric in-plane shear is also reported and analysed.
Bending improvement in Spot Heating of pipes in comparison with Line Heating method
Authors: Chavoshi Seyed Ehsan , Torshizi Seyed Ebrahim Moussavi
Published: July 2019

In Spot Heating, a small area of a metal part surface is heated quickly with a gas torch, laser beam, or induction coil to a temperature below the phase change temperature and then cools down. The heated area undergoes compressive plastic strain and the part gets deformed. This method is usually applied as trial and error for straightening shafts, bridge components, ship structures, etc. The conventional straightening mechanism in industries involves creating thermal gradient mechanism (TGM) and shortening. Many studies have been conducted for bending of thin pipes (at a maximum thickness of 2 mm) with the induction of “shortening” by laser. Spot Heating, despite its simplicity, results in very small deformations. The present study aims to increase the deformation in the Spot Heating method so as to extend its use in pipe straightening. To meet this goal, the shortening mechanism is developed through a thick pipe wall by optimizing the heating parameters. CFD analysis of flame flow is carried out to determine the heat flux distribution over the pipe surface. Also, the finite element method and optimization are used to analyze and raise the pipe deformation mechanism. The results indicate a considerable increase in the pipe bending which reduces the stages necessary for the pipe straightening in industries. Furthermore, the appropriate distance for combining the hot spots is also obtained. To evaluate the results, the Spot Heating test is performed, showing appropriate agreement with the simulation results.
Early experience with cap-assisted endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy: A technique to enhance safe tissue extraction and decrease interventions
Authors: Puri Nishant , Hallac Alexander , Srikureja Wichit
Published: July 2019

Background and study aim Endoscopic treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) has been established as an alternative to operative intervention for well selected patients for many years.

Patients and methods A retrospective database of patients who underwent cap-assisted endoscopic necrosectomy of symptomatic or infected WOPN using the assistance of a sterilized banding cap was constructed. All procedures were performed at a single center between January 2017 and June 2018.

Results Eight patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Contrast computed tomography scan was obtained between the initial percutaneous or trans-gastric access and initial necrosectomy. The WOPN had a median length of 9.5 cm (range 3.2 – 14) and width of 5.3 cm (range 2.8 – 11.6). Median duration of endoscopic debridement was 69 minutes (range 21 – 105). Four of six patients underwent a second debridement with a median duration of 95 minutes (range 16 – 108). No periprocedural adverse events occurred. Follow-up was at 6 months, and there were no additional endoscopic or percutaneous interventions for recurrent pancreatic fluid collections.

Conclusion The technique of cap-assisted necrosectomy can allow for safe and efficient method of endoscopically treating WOPN.
Tanshinone II A Affects Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain via Spinal Dorsal Horn Neuronal Circuitry by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways
Authors: Kong Dawei , Guo Zhuangli , Yang Wenqiang , Wang Qi , Yu Yanbing , Zhang Li
Published: July 2019

Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) is a common manifestation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Although the pathogenesis of DPNP remains unclear, the disinhibition of spinal dorsal horn neuronal circuitry mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is an important mechanism underlying neuropathic pain (NP). Tanshinone II A is mainly used to treat cardiovascular diseases but has also been shown to relieve various types of neuralgia, including DPNP. This study investigated the effects of tanshinone II A in DPNP model rats. We divided animals into two groups: 1) the model (diabetic) group and 2) the tanshinone II A-treatment group. Our results demonstrated that diabetic rats exhibited a decrease in the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL), and that NMT is increased and TWL is prolonged in rats treated with tanshinone II A. Additionally, the levels of ERS-signaling pathway factors in the spinal dorsal horns of rats were lower in the tanshinone II A-treated group than in the diabetic group. Overall, our study demonstrated that the disinhibition of spinal dorsal horn neuronal circuitry mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress underlies DPNP and is modulated by tanshinone II A treatment.
Is the Energy Expenditure Provided by Exergames Valid?
Authors: Viana Ricardo Borges , Gentil Paulo , Andrade Marília Santos , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa
Published: July 2019

To assess energy expenditure (EE) estimated by a metabolic system during the exergame Hollywood Workout on Xbox 360Kinect®
and to compare this measure with the EE estimated by the exergame (EEEx). thirty-four physically active young males performed the Sports Athlete protocol of the Hollywood Workout. Oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2) were measured before and during the protocol using a metabolic system. The absolute means V̇O2 and V̇CO2 were used to calculate the EE during the exergame session (EEMS). The EEEx (kcal) provided by the exergame was collected, and the two measures were compared. Mean V̇CO2 and V̇O2 during the Sports Athlete protocol were 1.8±0.4 L·min−1 (22.9±3.2 mL·kg−1.min−1) and 2.0±0.4 L·m−1 (25.4±2.6 mL·kg−1·min−1), respectively. The EEMS (300.3±53.4 kcal) was 88.6±34.7% greater than the EEEx (160.3±16.5 kcal; p<0.0001; d=3.7 [large effect size]). The EEMS was almost double EEEx. Thus, it is necessary to use caution when using EE information provided by an exergame interface. Further, future studies need to evaluate EE provided by other exergames. The companies that produce the games must be more attentive and adopt more precise methods in order to provide more accurate information to the users.
KI-Promoted Oxidative Coupling of Styrenes with Indoles under Metal-Free Conditions: Facile Access to C-3 Dicarbonyl Indoles
Authors: Zhou Bochao , Guo Shiyu , Fang Zheng , Yang Zhao , Liu Chengkou , He Wei , Zhu Ning , Li Xin , Guo Kai
Published: July 2019

A new and efficient method for the synthesis of C-3 dicarbonyl indoles via oxidative cross-coupling of styrenes with indoles under metal-free conditions has been developed. Moreover, a broad scope of C-3 dicarbonyl indoles in moderate to good yields were obtained, and a plausible mechanism is proposed based on control and isotope-labeling experiments.
Bilateral Striatal Necrosis with Polyneuropathy with a Novel SLC25A19 (Mitochondrial Thiamine Pyrophosphate Carrier OMIMI*606521) Mutation: Treatable Thiamine Metabolic Disorder—A Report of Two Indian Cases
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Srinivasan Varunvenkat M. , Jehta Kapil , Bhat Maya D.
Published: July 2019

Background SLC25A19 gene mutations cause Amish congenital lethal microcephaly and bilateral striatal necrosis with polyneuropathy. We are reporting two cases of bilateral striatal necrosis with polyneuropathy due to SLC25A19 gene mutations.

Methods A 36-month-old boy and a 5-year-old girl, unrelated, presented with recurrent episodes of flaccid paralysis and encephalopathy following nonspecific febrile illness. Examination showed dystonia and absent deep tendon reflexes.

Results Nerve conduction studies showed an axonal polyneuropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in both cases showed signal changes in the basal ganglia. Next-generation sequencing revealed a novel homozygous missense variation c.910G>A (p.Glu304Lys) in the SLC25A19 gene in the boy and a homozygous mutation c.869T > A (p. Leu290Gln) in the SLC25A19 gene in the girl. Mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing, and carrier statuses of parents of both children were confirmed. Both children improved with thiamine supplementation.

Conclusion If any child presents with recurrent encephalopathy with flaccid paralysis, dystonia, and neuropathy, a diagnosis of bilateral striatal necrosis with polyneuropathy due to SLC25A19 mutations should be considered and thiamine should be initiated.
Congenital Segmental Intestinal Dilatation: A 25-Year Review with Long-Term Follow-up at the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
Authors: Sergi Consolato , Hager Thomas , Hager Josef
Published: July 2019

Background and Aim Congenital segmental intestinal dilatation (CSID) is a neonatal condition with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Typically, the newborn with CSID presents with a limited (circumscribed) bowel dilatation, an abrupt transition between normal and dilated segments, neither intrinsic nor extrinsic perilesional obstruction, and no aganglionosis or neuronal intestinal dysplasia. We aimed to review this disease and the long-term follow-up at the Children's Hospital of the Medical University of Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria.

Study Design Retrospective 25-year review of medical charts, electronic files, and histopathology of neonates with CSID.

Results We identified four infants (three girls and one boy) with CSID. The affected areas included duodenum, ileum, ascending colon, and sigmoid colon. Noteworthy, all patients presented with a cardiovascular defect, of which two required multiple cardiac surgical interventions. Three out of the four patients recovered completely. To date, the three infants are alive.

Conclusion This is the first report of patients with CSID and cardiovascular defects. The clinical and surgical intervention for CSID also requires a thorough cardiologic evaluation in these patients. CSID remains an enigmatic entity pointing to the need for joint forces in identifying common loci for genetic investigations.
Fast switching in CoTb based ferrimagnetic tunnel junction
Authors: Reza Ahmed Kamal , Roy Kaushik
Published: July 2019

A ferrimagnet (FiM) has small domains consisting of oppositely polarized and unequal magnetic moments. Oppositely polarized magnetic moments have strong exchange coupling between them resulting in robust torque in FiM called bulk torque. Due to the strong bulk torque, magnetic moments in FiM do not precess around the switching axis for a long time unlike ferromagnets (FMs) leading to faster switching speed compared to FM. In this paper, we propose and model the switching of FiM (CoTb) with spin current injection from heavy metal with strong spin Hall effect (SHE) such as Pt. We carry out ab initio calculation of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) at the FiM(CoTb)/heavy metal(Pt) interface using spin polarized relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) Green’s function method. We compute the exchange coupling among the magnetic moments inside the CoTb layer and model how the spin-orbit torque (SOT) along with the bulk torque can efficiently switch the FiM. Then, we consider a ferrimagnet based magnetic tunnel junction (FMTJ) with SHE metal. We perform a comprehensive simulation and performance analysis of FiM(CoTb)/MgO/CoFeB and FiM(CoTb)/MgO/FiM(CoTb) FMTJs with Pt underlayer. Using non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism, we calculate the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of the proposed FMTJs at room temperature. Furthermore, the importance of thickness in CoTb magnetization dynamics is shown using our FiM magnetization simulation framework. We analyze and show that the CoTb based FMTJ has large switching energy barrier to ensure thermal stability. Finally, we show the performance comparison (TMR, write performance and power consumption) between our proposed FMTJs and FM based MTJ and our simulation exhibits that for picosecond range switching speed, FMTJ is ∼25 times more energy efficient than FM based MTJ.
Viscosity of Typical Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: A Critical Review
Authors: Jiang Siqi , Hu Yufeng , Wang Yichuan , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: July 2019

Experimental data on viscosity of typical ionic liquids in the liquid state were compiled and critically evaluated. The compilation contains data for 268 ionic liquids from 215 literature references and covers the period from 1998 through the end of December 2018. Equations for corrections of influences of contamination water and residual Cl− on viscosities of a series of typical ionic liquids are established. The influences of experimental methodology and the impurities (i.e., contamination water and residual halide ions) of the samples used on the reported viscosities of these typical ionic liquids are critically evaluated or quantitatively corrected, and the viscosities for these “pure” ionic liquids are recommended. The parameters of the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation for temperature dependence of the recommended viscosities of these ionic liquids were reported. The effects of ionic structures on the viscosity of ionic liquids are presented.
Portable pulsed magnetic field generator for magnetized laser plasma experiments in low vacuum environments
Authors: Wang Yu-lin , Hu Guang-yue , Hu Peng , Liang Yi-han , Yuan Peng , Zheng Jian
Published: July 2019

A portable pulsed magnetic field generator for magnetized laser plasma experiments in low vacuum environments is presented. It is based on a classical high-voltage discharge pulsed power system. A 95 kA peak current was delivered at a 65 kV discharge voltage, which generated a quasiuniform magnetic field of 12T in a Φ8 mm × 8 mm volume. A compact, sealed design was developed to avoid short-circuit breakdowns caused by an ambient low-pressure gas medium. Design improvements were made to the vacuum feedthrough, the transmission line, and the magnetic coil. The system worked well in a low vacuum environment for a laser plasma experiment using a gas target. But at intermediate ambient gas pressure, the ambient gas was ionized around the surface of the coil at first and then the ionized gas diffused inward and outward slowly, which affected the laser plasma image in the coil. Experiments and simulations indicated that the ambient gas was ionized by the induced electric field. We developed analytical models of the induced breakdown of the ambient gas to guide the experimental design of a gas target. The analysis can also be used in the experimental design of a solid target in an intense pulsed magnetic field of hundreds of tesla that the induced breakdown along solid’s surface dominates the process.