bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Long’, ‘flat’, ‘round’, ‘hard’, ‘heavy’, ‘sharp’
Authors: Goddard Cliff
Published: October 2024

Cognitive linguists have not paid much attention to the conceptual semantics of basic adjectives used predicatively about physical objects, concentrating mainly on attributive constructions (e.g., adjective ordering, interactions between adjective and noun) or on figurative uses. Among the exceptions are Anna Wierzbicka (2006) on ‘shape’ descriptors and Goddard & Wierzbicka (2007) on ‘physical quality’ descriptors, both conducted within the NSM framework of semantic-conceptual analysis. Building on this work, the present article proposes original semantic-conceptual explications for the basic physical meanings of ‘long’, ‘flat’, ‘round’, ‘hard’, ‘heavy’, and ‘sharp’. The project has high significance because it can be argued that these meanings function as conceptual building blocks in the semantics of innumerable other words and concepts in the realm of the physical. The article showcases cutting-edge work in NSM semantics, including introducing the notion of ‘visuospatial parsing’ into NSM research and emphasizing the importance of embodied experience in human conceptualization.
Exploring crosslinguistic influence on learning particles in phrasal
verbs through a cognitive linguistic approach
Authors: Lin Sarah Hui-Ching
Published: October 2024

It is now well established that English phrasal verbs cause
English as foreign language learners no small degree of confusion due to the
semantic complexity. However, the influence of crosslinguistic transfer on
learning phrasal verbs has remained unclear. There even has been little
qualitative analysis of the crosslinguistic difference between literal and
metaphorical meanings of particles. This paper proposes an instructional
approach underpinned by metaphor and categorization in cognitive linguistics and
highlights particles as a means of disentangling polysemous verb-particle
constructions. Fifteen students from four universities in Taipei City and City of Newcastle upon Tyne
participated in the study. Results of the qualitative data, i.e., discussion
tasks, in-session tasks, and interviews, suggested that despite the difficulty
of understanding some target items, the crosslinguistic similarities and
differences generally aid the learning of the phrasal verbs via the proposed
approach. Raising an awareness of crosslinguistic difference between
metaphorical meanings of particles can be pedagogically useful.
Academic and general language proficiency in post-entry language assessment
Authors: Heeren Jordi
Published: October 2024

In higher education systems with no or low entry requirements for domestic students, post-entry language
assessments (PELAs) are often used to detect at-risk students. This study investigates how two language proficiency measures
relate to students’ academic achievement: an academic reading and vocabulary (ARV) screening test, and the computer test of the
Interuniversitaire Taaltest Nederlands voor Anderstaligen (ITNA), a Dutch L2-entrance test. The ARV screening
test, ITNA and its language in use subtest show moderate to weak correlations with achievement. While the ARV screening test
selects a large potential at-risk group; the few students failing the ITNA, language in use or scoring lower than ‘very good’ on
language in use have a higher risk of underperforming. When controlling for students’ background variables, only academic language
proficiency remains a significant predictor. While academic language proficiency seems more appropriate as a PELA construct,
general language proficiency may identify a small, but high-risk group.
When faces don’t lie
Authors: Caro Marina Ramos , López Ana María Rojo
Published: October 2024

In the last decades, Cognitive Translation Studies (CTIS) have witnessed a growing expansion of Audio Description
(AD), with emphasis on experimental studies examining the psychological factors that influence the creation and reception of AD.
While most studies have focused on the creation phase of AD, recent reception research has explored emotions, immersion, and
presence in the context of AD. A study by Rojo et al. (2021) investigated the impact of AD on the reception of porn, comparing the
psychophysiological response of sighted participants watching audiovisual content with blind and sighted participants listening to
AD without images. The results indicated no significant differences in physiological and subjective responses. The present study
aims at providing further evidence on the participants’ emotional response by analyzing their facial expressions using the
FaceReader software (Noldus Information Technology). Unlike cardiac and cortisol responses, the analysis of the participants’
facial expressions reveals some intriguing differences between the groups that point to some emotional differences in the
reception of porn.
Two-dimensional (bi-)scalar gravities from four-dimensional Horndeski
Authors: Shams Nejati M , Vahidinia M H
Published: October 2024

We develop a classical two-dimensional bi-scalar gravity based on the Kaluza–Klein reduction applied to the four-dimensional Horndeski theory. One of the scalar fields arises from the original four-dimensional theory, while the extra scalar emerges from the reduction process. We also introduce a two-dimensional bi-scalar identity that allows for a more concise and elegant reformulation of the resulting bi-scalar Lagrangian. Additionally, we study the linear perturbations around a static background to demonstrate that the bi-scalar theory may support a single healthy propagating mode. Furthermore, by restricting the scalar fields, we investigate a general single scalar theory that is identical to the two-dimensional Horndeski theory up to a boundary term. Our results provide a framework to map a generic two-dimensional dilaton gravity into four-dimensional Horndeski theory.
Inverse parameter estimation for the white–metzner equation using extrudate diameter measurements
Authors: Jung Jae Sung , Kim Sun Kyoung
Published: October 2024

This study presents a method to determine the elastic modulus of the White–Metzner (WM) viscoelastic model, which is used to describe polymer melt flow. In processes involving polymeric liquids, elastic effects are essential for accurate simulations. In particular, phenomena such as melt swelling after extrusion and upon gate passage in injection molding are critical to process simulation. However, systematic procedures for material characterization remain underdeveloped since implementation of an appropriate material model is challenging due difficulties inherent in parameter determination. In this work, to account for the shear thinning behavior, which is essential when handling polymeric liquids in current processes, while also incorporating elastic properties, the WM equation was employed. The method employs the post-extrusion swelling phenomenon where the diameter of the extruded material expands after exiting the capillary die. It integrates melt swell measurements with numerical simulations based on the WM equation and highlights the importance of considering gravity in the simulation. A laser scanning microscope is used to measure the extruded diameter while adaptive multi-objective optimization identifies unknown parameters in the model to align the simulation results with the measured diameter. This approach successfully determined the elastic modulus of the PET-PEN copolymer, establishing a system for determining the viscoelastic properties of polymer melts.
Novel Al/CoFe/p-Si and Al/NiFe/p-Si MS-type photodiode for sensing
Authors: Yıldız D E , Gullu H H , Yıldırım M , Morley N A , Sahingoz R
Published: October 2024

CoFe and NiFe are used in the construction of Si-based metal–semiconductor-type photodiodes. Thin film layers are sputtered onto the p-Si surface where Al metal contacts are deposited using the thermal evaporation technique. Film characteristics of the layers are investigated with respect to the crystalline structure and surface morphology. Their electrical and optical properties are investigated using dark and illuminated current–voltage measurements. When these two diodes are compared, Al/NiFe/p-Si exhibits better rectification properties than Al/CoFe/p-Si diode. There is also a high barrier height where these values for both diodes increase with illumination. According to the current–voltage analysis, the existence of an interlayer causes a deviation in diode ideality. In addition, the response to bias voltage, the derivation of electrical parameters, and the light sensitivity of diodes are evaluated using current-voltage measurements under different illumination intensities and also transient photosensitive characteristics.
In situ monitoring of the iron content in magnethorheological rotary actuators
Authors: Wiener Thomas , Offenzeller Christina , Berger Dominik , Jakoby Bernhard
Published: October 2024

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are a class of smart materials with versatile applications in various engineering domains. An MR fluid consists essentially of a carrier medium (e.g. synthetic oil) with embedded magnetizable particles (carbonyl iron particles in our case). Upon magnetization, the particles form clusters and similar microstructures affecting the rheological properties of the MR fluid. Apart from the magnetic field, a strong determinant of the viscosity of the fluid is the iron particle concentration. While initially the particle concentration in each fluid is known and the particles are uniformly distributed, previous studies show that the local concentration changes dynamically during operation, especially in areas of high magnetic field strengths, which tend to attract particles. Hence, the viscosity is not only dependent on the magnetic field as desired, but can vary over time. This work aims at developing a model that allows to determine the dynamically changing iron content during operation of a MR actuator and therefore builds the foundation for predicting the currently prevailing viscosity, enabling a more precise modeling of the actuator’s behavior. In particular, the iron content is identified by devising a physically inspired equivalent circuit of the coil magnetizing the magnetic circuit. The components of this circuit can be determined from measurements, which, in turn, allow to indirectly determine the iron content from the main inductance of the equivalent circuit, where this inductance turns out to be approximately linearly related to the iron content.
LIVS: a tightly coupled LiDAR, IMU, and camera-based SLAM system under scene degradation
Authors: Cheng Guangtao , Li Peiqing , Li Qipeng , Wang Debao , Li Zhuoran , Wang Zhiwei
Published: October 2024

In increasingly complex environments, single-sensor-based SLAM systems face scene degradation problems such as strong light, dynamic obstacle interference, and lack of structural features in the environment, which severely constrain the localization accuracy and mapping effectiveness of SLAM systems. To address this problem, this paper proposes a tightly coupled laser-IMU-visual SLAM system (LIVS) based on factor graph optimization. LIVS consists of two subsystems: the laser inertial system (LIS) and the visual inertial system (VIS). The pose estimation of the LIS can provide an initialization for the VIS; LiDAR suffers scene degradation in environments lacking structural features, while the VIS provides better constraints for Lidar in this environment. Firstly, a method of selecting keyframes based on ORB features and the relative motion of the mobile robot is proposed as a means of improving the positioning accuracy and tracking ability of the system in the case of strenuous motion, and a strategy of local sliding window optimization is adopted to effectively improve the real-time performance and robustness of the system. Meanwhile, in order to further improve the global map consistency and positioning accuracy, a hybrid closed-loop detection method based on laser and vision is proposed, which utilizes the geometrical features of laser and the image features of vision to accomplish the hybrid closed-loop detection. Secondly, the laser inertia factor, IMU pre-integration factor, vision inertia factor, and closed-loop factor are globally optimized in a factor map framework to achieve accurate estimation of the robot pose. Finally, this paper presents experimental evaluations on both public and homemade datasets and compares the performance of the proposed algorithm with that of other algorithms. Experimental results show that the algorithm in this paper exhibits better performance in both localization accuracy and mapping effectiveness.
Firing patterns transitions and resonance effects of the extended Hindmarsh-Rose neural model with Gaussian noise and transcranial magneto-acousto-electrical stimulation
Authors: Fu Yan , Wang Guowei
Published: October 2024

Considering the fact that the typical three-variable Hindmarsh-Rose(HR) neural model has limitations in describing the complex non-linear features and precise behavior patterns of neuron, the influences of transcranial magneto-acousto-electrical stimulation(TMAES) on firing patterns and resonance effects are analyzed based on an extended HR neural model in this paper. Obtained results show that TMAES can induce transitions in the firing patterns of extended HR neuron, such as spiking and multi-periodic bursting state, etc If appropriate parameters are selected, the multimodal discharge modes can also be observed. Coefficient of variation is calculated to further investigate the effect of TMAES and Gaussian white noise on the firing rhythm of extended HR neuron, and relevant results indicate that TMAES can induce coherent resonance phenomena in HR neuronal systems similar to the effects of Gaussian white noise, which reveals a new mechanism of coherent resonance induced by TMAES. Further more, TMAES can also regulate coefficient of variation to exhibit anti-coherent resonance and multiple anti-coherent resonance structures, exhibiting richer regulatory functions than Gaussian white noise in regulating neuronal firing rhythm. This study seeks to enhance the understanding of the processes that influence the firing patterns and coherence degree of neuron under TMAES in neuroses or psychoses.
Study of integral type implicit multi term fractional delay differential equation with multi strip conditions
Authors: ur Rahman Ghaus , Naz Humaira , Alrabaiah Hussam , Gómez-Aguilar J F
Published: October 2024

This paper is concerned with the existence and functional stability of solutions to some class of integral-type implicit fractional-order differential equations using multi-strip subsidiary conditions. Contrary to the single-term fractional-order differential operators, in the present study, multi-term operators are involved, and the effect of the past time by a proportional delay is taken into consideration. The problem under investigation is converted into a fixed-point problem. The results are based on Krasnoselskii’s fixed-point theorem, which establishes the existence of the solution, and Banach’s, which establishes its uniqueness. The Ulam-Hyers type stability analysis is used in the study of the behavior of the solutions under perturbations. An example is given at the end to confirm the reliability of the results obtained.
Probing the structural, mechanical, electro-magnetic, thermodynamic and thermoelectric properties of inner-transition based RaXO3 (X: Pr and U) cubic perovskites via first principle calculations
Authors: Gautam Sakshi , Gupta Dinesh C
Published: October 2024

Here, we present ab-initio calculations of the structural, mechanical, electronic, magnetic, thermodynamic and thermoelectric properties of two radium-based perovskites by using density functional theory. These compounds are cubic in nature. Computation of tolerance factor, structural optimization by using the equation of state assures the stability of the materials. Further, we have checked the mechanical stability of the materials by computing the different mechanical parameters. The observed data of B/G and Cauchy pressure for the present materials reveals the ductile nature. The spin polarized band structures and density of states illustrate the half-metallic nature of these materials with the band gap of (3.74 and 4.80) eV in spin down channel for RaPrO3 and RaUO3 alloys respectively. The total magnetic moments calculated via GGA and mBJ approximations were found to be integral in nature (1 and 2) μB, for RaPrO3 and RaUO3 alloys respectively which also is an indication of the half-metallic character of these materials. The effect of temperature and pressure on the different thermodynamic properties like the specific heat capacity, thermal expansion and Gruneisen parameter were studied using the quasi-harmonic Debye model. Finally, we have speculated the temperature dependent thermoelectric properties in terms of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and power factor. The summed -up properties suggest the applications of these materials in thermoelectrics, spintronics and thermoelectric generators outlooks.
A hybrid protocol by a single measurement in noisy environment with simulation
Authors: Mandal Manoj Kumar , Metwally Nasser , Choudhury Binayak S
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a hybrid protocol for teleportation and remote state preparation of an unknown and a known qubits is introduced. The suggested protocol depends on only a single measurement and a single entangled channel which makes the protocol operationally convenient. The protocol has been implemented on the IBM platform. Moreover, a quantum circuit is designed to generate the quantum channel between the sender and the receivers. The fidelity of the receiver’s channel is investigated in the presence of different types of noises which are Bit-flip noise, Phase-flip noise, Bit-phase-flip noise, Depolarizing noise and Two-Pauli noise. It is shown that the fidelities decrease gradually with the strength of the noise.
Optical, dielectric and electrical properties of Ba/Sb nanosheets designed for electro-optical application
Authors: Qasrawi A F , Najar Sarah Hakam , Elayyat Shadia M S
Published: October 2024

Herein, stacked nanosheets of barium and antimony are fabricated using a vacuum deposition technique under a vacuum pressure of 10−5 mbar onto cleaned glass substrates. The Zintl Ba/Sb nanosheets exhibit an amorphous nature of growth with equal atomic contents. Notably, they present interesting properties such as low average roughness, high light transmittance and absorption, and low reflectance. Two optical transitions within energy bands with values of 3.40 eV and 0.75 eV are determined for these stacked nanosheets. Additionally, Ba/Sb nanosheets displayed dielectric lens and optical filter characteristics with high optical conductivity exceeding 5.0 (Ωcm)−1, 20 (Ωcm)−1, and 100 (Ωcm)−1 in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet ranges of light, respectively. The optical conductivity parameters, including the free charge carrier density, drift mobility, and plasmon frequency, exhibit values in the ranges of 1.3–25×1019 cm−3, 3.53–9.41 cm2/versus, and 3.92–17.18 GHz, respectively. Moreover, Ba/Sb nanosheets display characteristics of terahertz band filters, demonstrating terahertz cutoff frequency values of 18–100 THz in the incident photon energy range of 1.13–3.64 eV. On the other hand, temperature-dependent electrical conductivity measurements on these stacked nanosheets reveal the domination of two impurity levels centered at 136 meV and 500 meV, with one being dominant below and the other above 380 K, respectively. The features of the Ba/Sb nanosheets reported here highlight their potential as optical filters, surface plasmon resonators, and terahertz band filters.
On the exploration of new solitary wave solutions for the classical integrable Kuralay-IIA system of equations
Authors: Okposo Newton I , K Raghavendar , Gómez-Agullar J F , Khan Naveed , Jonathan Abel M
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we derive various new optical soliton solutions for the coupled Kuralay-IIA system of equations using an innovative solution approach known as the ϕ
6 − model expansion technique. This solution methodology employs a traveling wave transformation to reduce the considered problem into an easily solvable higher-order ordinary differential equation. Unlike other existing related methods, this solution approach adopted here allows us to extract a rich list of diverse exact soliton solutions for the considered problem. The obtained solutions incorporate the Jacobi elliptic functions which are shown to degenerate into trigonometric and hyperbolic function solutions. These solutions exhibit distinct wave structures consisting of dark, bright, rational, periodic, singular and mixed optical solitons profiles. In exploring the impact of spatial and temporal variables on the wave patterns of the considered model, physical structures of some of the obtained solitons solutions are characterized through 3D, contour and 2D wave profiles for selected parameter values. This not only ensures the validity of the solutions as well as the constraints arising from the solution technique but also offers researchers a deeper understanding of the properties of the considered problem. The outcomes here demonstrate the applicability, versatility and efficiency of the considered solution approach for deriving diverse new soliton solutions for even more complex systems of nonlinear evolution equations.
Fabricating 3D Si nanostructure via a novel Ga+ implantation enabled maskless dry etching process
Authors: Shi Huimin , Wang Zilong , Chen Haicheng , Hong Yuhao , Liu Gaowa , Zhu Xupeng , Wang Tao , Wang Yasi
Published: October 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) nanostructure is the key to the miniaturization of nonlinear photonic and electronic devices. Because of the great demand on the ultra-small nanostructures, the novel nanofabrication technologies with flexible 3D silicon (Si) fabrication capability are of great importance. Herein, by combining Ga+ FIB implantation and ICP dry etching processes, we proposed a novel Ga+ FIB implantation assisted maskless dry etching technology for direct fabrication of 3D Si nanostructures. We found that the implanted Ga+ induced amorphization layer in Si substrate acts as the ‘quasi-mask’ during the ICP dry etching process. The increase of Ga+ concentration in amorphization layer of Si substrate improves the etching resistance of the area. Moreover, enabled by high resolution and flexibility of FIB, the proposed technology is capable of directly fabricating various 3D Si nanostructures in a simple way, such as 3D nanoscale artificial bowtie arrays with sub-10 nm gaps, multi-scale 3D Si nanostructures with arbitrary patterns. More importantly, the proposed technology is compatible to current semiconductor manufacturing process. Benefiting by the advantages of simplicity and high efficiency, the proposed maskless dry etching process promises great application potential in the fields of nonlinear photonics and micro-electronics.
Flexible UWB circular polarized six-port MIMO antenna for internet of medical things-based smart belts
Authors: Geyikoglu M Dilruba
Published: October 2024

The present study presents a six-port multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna developed to meet the diversity requirements of body-centered communication in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)-based smart belts. The proposed antenna consists of six identical elements having a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure. The antenna has a small profile area of 36 × 42 mm and a height of 0.76 mm with the careful placement of its elements. There are circular patches and a CPW feed structure at the center of the antenna. The ground-patch distance was set intuitively by considering the mutual coupling effect. The effect of the current distribution was increased, and a wide operating range was achieved by adding symmetrical circular slots to soil surfaces. As a proof of configuration, the simulation results are supported by a mesh network equivalent circuit model. The proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 177% in the 0.9–15 GHz frequency range at −6 dB reference. Moreover, it also has an omnidirectional radiation pattern and circular polarization. The peak gain value was found to be 7.8 dBi and the efficiency value to be approximately 90%. ECC, DG, TARC, and CCL parameter measurements were analyzed for performance evaluation of MIMO antennas. In addition, bending tests are also examined. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of the proposed antenna in tissues is evaluated by using infrared thermography. The results indicate that the SAR values are lower than international standards. The antenna design is specifically optimized to exhibit robust behavior when worn by an individual.
The impact of charge carrier dynamics on the outdoor performance of cesium-lead-halide perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Meheretu Getnet M , Yihunie Moges T , Wubetu Getasew A
Published: October 2024

We investigated the optoelectronic characteristics of cesium-based perovskite using various techniques. The steady-state photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of this perovskite solar cell composition shows the presence of strong peaks at a wavelength of 759 nm, which that corresponds to a band gap energy 1.63 eV. This band gap energy was estimated using two complementary methods, the PL emission spectra and the UV–vis absorption spectra. The study describes the dependence of photon energy on wavelength using a Gaussian mathematical model. Real-outdoor performance testing was conducted in Ethiopia’s climate during the hottest seasons to study the device performance under outdoor conditions at varying irradiances. Moreover, we investigated power generation from the devices using current–time measurements and analyzed charge carrier dynamics through transient photocurrent measurements.
Comparing sharp and smooth transitions of the second slow-roll parameter in single-field inflation
Authors: Kristiano Jason , Yokoyama Jun'ichi
Published: October 2024

In single-field inflation, violation of the slow-roll approximation can lead to growth of curvature perturbation outside the horizon. This violation is characterized by a period with a large negative value of the second slow-roll parameter. At an early time, inflation must satisfy the slow-roll approximation, so the large-scale curvature perturbation can explain the cosmic microwave background fluctuations. At intermediate time, it is viable to have a theory that violates the slow-roll approximation, which implies amplification of the curvature perturbation on small scales. Specifically, we consider ultraslow-roll inflation as the intermediate period. At late time, inflation should go back to the slow roll period so that it can end. This means that there are two transitions of the second slow-roll parameter. In this paper, we compare two different possibilities for the second transition: sharp and smooth transitions. Focusing on effects generated by the relevant cubic self-interaction of the curvature perturbation, we find that the bispectrum and one-loop correction to the power spectrum due to the change of the second slow-roll parameter vanish if and only if the Mukhanov-Sasaki equation for perturbation satisfies a specific condition called Wands duality. We also find in the case of sharp transition that, even though this duality is satisfied in the ultraslow-roll and slow-roll phases, it is severely violated at the transition so that the resultant one-loop correction is extremely large inversely proportional to the duration of the transition.
Research on the traceability of the value of the six-dimensional accelerometer
Authors: Li Haibin
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of intelligent and electronic social development, people have proposed new and higher requirements for the multi-dimensional and comprehensive measurement of carrier acceleration. Based on the emergence of a new multi-dimensional sensor structure, this paper proposes a six-dimensional accelerometer measurement verification device and a traceability method for its value. Using the six-dimensional characteristics of the standard shaker, multiple accelerometers collect the multi-dimensional acceleration signal, and the six-dimensional acceleration of the standard shaker is obtained by solving the matrix and processing the acceleration signal. This method provides a direct verification method with strong compatibility and high feasibility, which can solve the problems caused by the current verification methods.
Structure design and analysis of circle wheel angle fine-tuning mechanism
Authors: Jiang Bo , Zhou Shun , Guo Yifan , Dong Yiming
Published: October 2024

In this paper, an angle fine-tuning mechanism for a monochromator is designed. Through finite element analysis, three kinds of flexure hinges are simulated and analyzed respectively, which are bow, chamfered straight beam, and oval. The results show that the chamfered straight beam hinge is the optimal design. The test results of the prototype show that the resolution of the designed angle fine-tuning mechanism can reach 0.1 arcsec and the repetition accuracy is less than 0.441 arcsec. All the indexes meet the needs of the monochromator. Therefore, the angle fine-tuning structure meets the requirements of sub-micro radian motion.
Single-channel high-precision laser rangefinder
Authors: Hayrapetyan Y. , Hunanyan H.
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the construction of a single-channel light rangefinder. At the same time, one of the main difficulties is the presence of depolarization of light, which forms residual light at the output of the analyzer, which greatly affects the measurement accuracy. It is shown that in order to exclude residual light by compensating for depolarization, a KDP crystal plate with the possibility of rotation in a plane parallel to the optical axis is installed at the input of the demodulator.

The possibility of using an optical delay line on a single mirror with the possibility of moving along the axis of the radiation source is also considered. The normal to the mirror surface and the optical axes of the KDP crystals are located to the axis of the light source at an angle of 0.7–0.9∘.
Sustainable bioinspired materials for regenerative medicine: balancing toxicology, environmental impact, and ethical considerations
Authors: Singh Ajay Vikram , Chandrasekar Vaisali , Prabhu Varsha M , Bhadra Jolly , Laux Peter , Bhardwaj Preeti , Al-Ansari Abdulla A , Aboumarzouk Omar M , Luch Andreas , Dakua Sarada Prasad
Published: October 2024

The pursuit of sustainable bioinspired materials for regenerative medicine demands a nuanced balance between scientific advancement, ethical considerations, and environmental consciousness. This abstract encapsulates a comprehensive perspective paper exploring the intricate dynamics of toxicology, environmental impact, and ethical concerns within the realm of bioinspired materials. As the landscape of regenerative medicine evolves, ensuring the biocompatibility and safety of these materials emerges as a pivotal challenge. Our paper delves into the multidimensional aspects of toxicity assessment, encompassing cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunotoxicity analyses. Additionally, we shed light on the complexities of evaluating the environmental impact of bioinspired materials, discussing methodologies such as life cycle assessment, biodegradability testing, and sustainable design approaches. Amid these scientific endeavors, we emphasize the paramount importance of ethical considerations in bioinspired material development, navigating the intricate web of international regulations and ethical frameworks guiding medical materials. Furthermore, our abstract underscores the envisioned future directions and challenges in toxicology techniques, computational modeling, and holistic evaluation, aiming for a comprehensive understanding of the synergistic interplay between sustainable bioinspired materials, toxicity assessment, environmental stewardship, and ethical deliberation.
Uncertainty in model estimates of global groundwater depth
Authors: Reinecke Robert , Gnann Sebastian , Stein Lina , Bierkens Marc , de Graaf Inge , Gleeson Tom , Essink Gualbert Oude , Sutanudjaja Edwin H , Ruz Vargas Claudia , Verkaik Jarno , Wagener Thorsten
Published: October 2024

Knowing the depth at which groundwater can be found below the land surface is critical for understanding its potential accessibility by ecosystems and society. Uncertainty in global scale water table depth (WTD) limits our ability to assess groundwater’s role in a water cycle altered by changing climate, land cover, and human water use. Global groundwater models offer a top–down pathway to gain this knowledge, but their uncertainty is currently poorly quantified. Here, we investigate four global groundwater models and reveal steady-state WTD disagreements of more than 100 m for one-third of the global land area. We find that model estimates of land areas with shallow groundwater at <10 m depth vary from 10% to 71% (mean of 23%). This uncertainty directly translates into subsequent assessments, as land areas with potential groundwater accessibility for forests, population, and areas equipped for irrigation, differ substantially depending on the chosen model. We explore reasons for these differences and find that contrary to observations, 3 out of 4 models show deeper water tables in humid than in arid climates and greatly overestimate how strongly topographic slope controls WTD. These results highlight substantial uncertainty associated with any global-scale groundwater analysis, which should be considered and ultimately reduced.
Climate impact of alternative organic fertilizers using life cycle assessment
Authors: Meng Xiaoyi , Knudsen Marie Trydeman , Petersen Søren O , Møller Henrik B , Hashemi Fatemeh
Published: October 2024

Anaerobic digestion is a common method for managing liquid manure and other biomasses, generating biogas as a renewable energy source. The resulting digestate can be processed into organic fertilizers to enhance nutrient recycling, but its environmental impact warrants investigation. In this study, a life cycle assessment was conducted to examine the impact of fertilizers derived from cattle slurry and grass–clover co-digestion on global warming (measured in CO2 equivalents) compared to untreated cattle slurry (CA). The different treatments analyzed include CA, digestate, liquid fractions (LFs) from digestate separation, and an enriched liquid nitrogen–sulfur product derived from post-processing of biogas and drying of the solid fraction. The functional units of this study were 100 kg of total nitrogen in the final organic fertilizer (FU1) with the cradle-to-processing gate boundary, and the harvesting of 1 ton of spring barley dry matter (FU2) with the cradle-to-field application boundary. The carbon footprint ranged from 24% to 49% of the baseline scenario for FU1, and from −6% to 177% of the baseline scenario for FU2. The main contributors to the carbon footprint of fertilizers included greenhouse gas emissions from storage and field application. However, biogas production from anaerobic digestion, together with the concurrent mitigation of CH4 emissions during storage, contributed most to a reduction in the overall global warming potential associated with anaerobic digestate and its LF. This study showed large climate prospects in replacing untreated slurry as organic fertilizer with alternatives resulting from its anaerobic digestion and post-treatment.
Geometric representations of braid and Yang–Baxter gates
Authors: Zhang Kun , Hao Kun , Yu Kwangmin , Korepin Vladimir , Yang Wen-Li
Published: October 2024

Brick-wall circuits composed of the Yang–Baxter gates are integrable. It becomes an important tool to study the quantum many-body system out of equilibrium. To put the Yang–Baxter gate on quantum computers, it has to be decomposed into the native gates of quantum computers. It is favorable to apply the least number of native two-qubit gates to construct the Yang–Baxter gate. We study the geometric representations of all X-type braid gates and their corresponding Yang–Baxter gates via the Yang–Baxterization. We find that the braid and Yang–Baxter gates can only exist on certain edges and faces of the two-qubit tetrahedron. We identify the parameters by which the braid and Yang–Baxter gates are the Clifford gate, the matchgate, and the dual-unitary gate. The geometric representations provide the optimal decompositions of the braid and Yang–Baxter gates in terms of other two-qubit gates. We also find that the entangling powers of the Yang–Baxter gates are determined by the spectral parameters. Our results provide the necessary conditions to construct the braid and Yang–Baxter gates on quantum computers.
Generation and tuning of notched bands in wideband THz antennas using graphene/metal strips
Authors: Ali Mohd Farman , Sahu Shitij , Singh Ravinder , Varshney Gaurav
Published: October 2024

A technique is implemented for obtaining tunable band notch/filtering features in terahertz (THz) monopole wideband antennas. A parasitic metal strip is engraved in the antenna radiator, which creates the band notch characteristics in the wideband response. The tunability of the created notched band can be obtained by engraving a non-resonant U-shaped graphene strip in the radiator. The change in the material properties of the graphene strip alters the nature of field confinement in the antenna structure, enabling tunability in the filtering frequency band. Moreover, multiple notch bands can be obtained by carefully selecting the material of the parasitic element U-shaped graphene strip. Thus, the antenna response can be configured for dual- and triple- band filtering operation by varying the materials used for the strips to obtain band notch operation and a U-shaped graphene sheet.
Study on discharge characteristics of low-temperature sub-atmospheric pressure under steep change rate voltage
Authors: ZHU 朱 Bo 博 , HAN 韩 Ximu 稀木 , SU 苏 He 贺 , MA 马 Xiangjie 祥杰 , WU 吴 Guoyan 国延
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the gas discharge problem in electric aircraft, this work studies the gas discharge characteristics at low-temperature sub-atmospheric pressure. A gas discharge shooting platform was built, and the discharge process was photographed by intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD). A two-dimensional axisymmetric model of needle-plate electrode gas discharge was established, and three sets of Helmholtz equations were used to solve the photoionization. The results show that under the same voltage, the electric field intensity in the discharge process increases first, then decreases and finally increases again. The discharge speed increases with the increase of altitude, and the electron density in the streamer decreases with the increase of altitude. The development speed of the streamer in the middle stage is higher than that in the early stage, and the speed increases more obviously with the increase of altitude. The development speed of the streamer in the later stage is lower than that in the middle stage, but with the increase of altitude, the development speed of the streamer in the later stage is higher than that in the middle stage.
A method for evaluating the visual quality of wetland park landscapes: a case study of qianlu lake wetland park in Wuping, China
Authors: Lyu Mei , Lin Junjie , Zhou Fujian , Niu Jianing , Sun Dong , Meng Yumeng , Ji Xiang
Published: October 2024

Wetland parks are an important part of urban ecosystems, characterized by artificial and natural features. While providing outdoor recreational space for urban residents, the aesthetics of the landscape also affect residents’ willingness to visit the wetland park. Previous studies of wetland parks focused on the ecological benefit. However, fewer systematic studies analyzed the aesthetic qualities and influencing elements of wetland parks. In this study, the Wuping Qianlu Lake Wetland Park in Fujian Province, China was used to evaluate the landscape visual quality of the wetland park using the the Scenic Beauty Estimation method (SBE), and the landscape features of the wetland park were obtained through the Semantic Differential (SD) method and semantic segmentation technique. The regression model of landscape visual quality and landscape features in wetland parks was established using SBE values as the dependent variable, and 23 landscape features as independent variables. The SBE values and accessibility were also combined to create four quadrants, which were combined with K-means clustering to diagnose existing problems. The results of the study showed that two landscape features, approach and proportion of water area were weaker among the four types of wetland park landscapes. The SBE values of the man-made landscape type were the most significant. Meanwhile, the high enclosure landscape type had a significant sense of rusticity, accentuating the wildness of the plants. It was less aesthetically pleasing and had the poorest landscape visual quality of the four types. This study provides a systematic method for diagnosing landscape problems in wetland parks, evaluating landscape visual quality assessment, and providing theoretical and technical support for urban wetland park renewal and construction.
Dual-gate AlGaN channel HEMTs: advancements in E-mode performance with N-shaped graded composite barriers
Authors: Hidayat Wagma , Usman Muhammad , Shakir Syeda Wageeha , Anum  , Ali Shazma
Published: October 2024

This work evaluates the performance of dual gate AlGaN channel HEMTs on SiC substrate. The study analyzes two HEMT structures that differ only in barrier design, one design consists of fixed composite barriers (FCB-HEMT) i.e. there is fixed Aluminum composition x = 0.48 in the first Al
x
Ga1−x
N barrier and x = 0.42 in the second Al
x
Ga1−xN barrier while the other design comprises N-shaped graded composite barriers (NGCB-HEMT) i.e. the Aluminum content varies gradually from 0.4 to 0.48 in the first AlGaN barrier and from 0.34 to 0.42 in the second AlGaN barrier. The paper concentrates on energy band diagrams, electron concentration profile, electric field distribution, drain and transfer characteristics, and the effects of high temperature on drain characteristics and mobility of the NGCB-HEMT. It has been reported that at zero gate bias, the FCB-HEMT has a drain current density of 0.137 A mm−1 while it decreases to 0.0058 A mm−1 in the case of NGCB-HEMT, thus presenting a novel approach towards enhancement-mode AlGaN HEMTs. Hence, grading can be optimized in the composite barriers to achieve enhancement mode operation of AlGaN channel HEMTs. Furthermore, the study reveals that the critical electric field of FCB-HEMT is 6.9975 M V cm−1, while that of NGCB-HEMT is 5.3124 M V cm−1, demonstrating their usefulness in electronic devices that operate at high voltages and harsh temperatures. Moreover, at higher temperatures, the phenomenon of optical phonon scattering leads to decreased mobilities, which in turn causes low drain currents relative to the drain voltage.
Trusted microelectronics: reverse engineering chip die using U-Net convolutional network
Authors: Nyako Kwame , Dhakal Uttam , Li Frank , Borra Vamsi
Published: October 2024

In the field of integrated circuits (IC) reverse engineering, accurate IC die image segmentation is critical for ensuring trust and detecting counterfeits. This study introduces a deep learning-based methodology utilizing a U-Net Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) tailored for IC image segmentation. Our model excels in processing complex IC images with noise, achieving superior segmentation accuracy. The model was evaluated on a dataset of 512 × 512 pixel IC die images, achieving a mean Intersection over Union (IoU) of 81.2%, which is a significant improvement over traditional image processing techniques that achieve an IoU around 65.3%. During training, the model’s Dice Loss showed a sharp decrease, as depicted in the provided graph, highlighting the model’s ability to effectively learn and refine segmentation boundaries. Simultaneously, the training accuracy, as illustrated in the accompanying accuracy graph, improved steadily, reaching approximately 60% but still rising. This convergence of Dice Loss and the upward trend in accuracy demonstrate the model’s robust performance across varying noise levels and its effectiveness in producing precise segmentation outputs. This work underscores the effectiveness of CNNs, particularly the U-Net architecture, in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of IC die image analysis, paving the way for improved IC manufacturing quality assurance.
Discovery of a common light chain bispecific antibody targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 by Hybridoma-to-Phage-to-Yeast (H2PtY) platform
Authors: Liu Peipei , Gu Chunyin , Cao Xiaodan , Zhang Huawei , Wang Zongda , Yang Yukun , OuYang KeDong , Zhen Yingying , Jia Fangfang , He Xianqing , Yu Haixiang , Deng Sujun
Published: October 2024

Background

Therapeutic antibody drugs targeting the PD-1 pathway are generally characterized by relatively low response rates and susceptibility to drug resistance during clinical application. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies to increase the immune response rate. Bispecific antibodies co-targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 may have greater potential to improve the efficacy of the immune checkpoint pathway.

Method

In this study, we developed a potent humanized common light chain (CLC) IgG shape bispecific antibody (bsAb), named JMB2005, based on Hybridoma-to-Phage-to-Yeast platform. The platform allowed us to discover CLC bsAb from traditional mice for any pair of given targets.

Results

JMB2005 exhibited favorable developability, good manufacturing property, and satisfactory efficacy, which could be given via subcutaneous injection at the concentration of 120 mg/mL. Mechanistically, JMB2005 could bridge tumor cells and T cells with both Fab arms and promote T-cells to function as direct tumor cell killers. It could also promote T cell activation by blocking the binding of PD-L1 to CD80. Furthermore, JMB2005 has exhibited a favorable half-life and has demonstrated promising anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy in vivo.

Conclusion

Consequently, the present study showed that the novel humanized CLC bsAb JMB2005 may represent a novel therapeutic agent of great clinical potential.