bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Danish case study of a sociomaterial construction of a new nomos and purpose of higher education
Authors: Lueg Klarissa , Graf Angela , Boje David
Published: March 2022

This article combines Bourdieusian practice with narrative sociomaterial theory to investigate what story of higher education and its purpose is being conveyed to students. Our case study revolves around a Danish university. We conduct a sociomaterial analysis of three university sites: an information day for prospective students, a video of a campus tour, and on-campus signage. We subject photographs of these data and the transcribed video to a sociomaterial analysis of how material objects and human subjects are socially positioned. We find that sociomateriality constructs two conflicting narratives about the purpose of higher education. High school graduates are courted with a narrative of an educational, person-centric, and knowledge-centric journey that will safely lead to favorable professional positions. Upon enrollment a changed, market-centered narrative envisions students as soon-to-be business assets who must self-optimize to forge a career. Both narratives remain at the stage of ante-narrative as they do not provide an ending: while the person-centric narrative is replaced upon enrollment, the business-centric narrative reduces university experiences to the “start” of the students’ career. On a sociopolitical level, our case is indicative of the trend of higher education adjusting its symbolic rules to business parameters and thus handing over relative autonomy to the economic field. Moreover, our study entails implications for theory in that it brings together Bourdieusian and Bojean (ante)narrative theory and conceptualizes dominant narratives as nomos. The paper further offers ideas on how to document and analyze data for researchers taking a sociomaterial approach.
Fine-Grained Power Modeling of Multicore Processors Using FFNNs
Authors: Sagi Mark , Vu Doan Nguyen Anh , Fasfous Nael , Wild Thomas , Herkersdorf Andreas
Published: March 2022

To minimize power consumption while maximizing performance, today’s multicore processors rely on fine-grained run-time dynamic power information—both in the time domain, e.g. $$\mu $$
μ
s to ms, and space domain, e.g. core-level. The state-of-the-art for deriving such power information is mainly based on predetermined power models which use linear modeling techniques to determine the core-performance/core-power relationship. However, with multicore processors becoming ever more complex, linear modeling techniques cannot capture all possible core-performance related power states anymore. Although artificial neural networks (ANN) have been proposed for coarse-grained power modeling of servers with time resolutions in the range of seconds, few works have yet investigated fine-grained ANN-based power modeling. In this paper, we explore feed-forward neural networks (FFNNs) for core-level power modeling with estimation rates in the range of 10 kHz. To achieve a high estimation accuracy while minimizing run-time overhead, we propose a multi-objective-optimization of the neural architecture using NSGA-II with the FFNNs being trained on performance counter and power data from a complex-out-of-order processor architecture. We show that relative power estimation error for the highest accuracy FFNN decreases on average by 7.5% compared to a state-of-the-art linear power modeling approach and decreases by 5.5% compared to a multivariate polynomial regression model. For the FFNNs optimized for both accuracy and overhead, the average error decreases between 4.1% and 6.7% compared to linear modeling while offering significantly lower overhead compared to the highest accuracy FFNN. Furthermore, we propose a micro-controller-based and an accelerator-based implementation for run-time inference of the power modeling FFNN and show that the area overhead is negligible.
Smallest graphs with given automorphism group
Authors: Deligeorgaki Danai
Published: March 2022

For a finite group G, denote by $$\alpha (G)$$

α
(
G
)

the minimum number of vertices of any graph $$\Gamma $$
Γ
having $$\mathrm {Aut}(\Gamma )\cong G$$

Aut
(
Γ
)
≅
G

. In this paper, we prove that $$\alpha (G)\le |G|$$

α
(
G
)
≤
|
G
|

, with specified exceptions. The exceptions include four infinite families of groups, and 17 other small groups. Additionally, we compute $$\alpha (G)$$

α
(
G
)

for the groups G such that $$\alpha (G)> |G|$$

α
(
G
)
>
|
G
|

where the value $$\alpha (G)$$

α
(
G
)

was previously unknown.
Sex Differences and Similarities in Risk Factors of Physical Aggression in Adolescence
Authors: Henriksen Marit , Skrove Marit , Hoftun Gry Børmark , Lydersen Stian , Stover Carla , Kalvin Carla B. , Sukhodolsky Denis G.
Published: March 2022

Considerable research has documented risk factors of physical aggression in adolescence. However, less is known of sex differences in these associations. The current study addressed this important area by examining sex differences in concurrent associations of physical aggression with mental health concerns, trauma exposure, and substance use. The study sample consisted of 3686 boys (mean age 15.9 years) and 3881 girls (mean age 16.0 years) from Young-HUNT3, a population-based study of adolescents in Norway. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of physical aggression, measured as involvement in physical fighting, with possible risk factors: attention problems, anxiety and depression, loneliness, self-esteem problems, trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and substance use. Twenty-one percent (n = 773) of boys and three percent (n = 133) of girls reported participating in physical fights. The results indicated that all risk factors were associated with physical aggression in the total sample as well as in boys and girls separately. Interaction effects with sex emerged for attention problems, anxiety and depression, loneliness, traumatic events, alcohol intoxication, and narcotics use, with larger odds ratios for girls than for boys. Attention problems, traumatic events, and alcohol intoxication showed unique associations with physical aggression for both boys and girls, in addition to PTSD symptoms for boys. In sum, boys’ and girls’ engagement in physical aggression was associated mainly with the same risk factors, but several of the factors increased the relative risk more for girls than for boys. The findings can inform interventions targeting physical aggression in adolescence.
A Systematic Review of the Validity and Reliability of Assessment Tools for Executive Function and Adaptive Function Following Brain Pathology among Children and Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Kusi-Mensah Kwabena , Nuamah Nana Dansoah , Wemakor Stephen , Agorinya Joel , Seidu Ramata , Martyn-Dickens Charles , Bateman Andrew
Published: March 2022

Minimal but increasing number of assessment instruments for Executive functions (EFs) and adaptive functioning (AF) have either been developed for or adapted and validated for use among children in low and middle income countries (LAMICs). However, the suitability of these tools for this context is unclear. A systematic review of such instruments was thus undertaken. The Systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist (Liberati et al., in BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 339, 2009). A search was made for primary research papers reporting psychometric properties for development or adaptation of either EF or AF tools among children in LAMICs, with no date or language restrictions. 14 bibliographic databases were searched, including grey literature. Risk of bias assessment was done following the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments) guidelines (Mokkink et al., in Quality of Life Research,63, 32, 2014). For EF, the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF- multiple versions), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Go/No-go and the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF) were the most rigorously validated. For AFs, the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (VABS- multiple versions) and the Child Function Impairment Rating Scale (CFIRS- first edition) were most validated. Most of these tools showed adequate internal consistency and structural validity. However, none of these tools showed acceptable quality of evidence for sufficient psychometric properties across all the measured domains, particularly so for content validity and cross-cultural validity in LAMICs. There is a great need for adequate adaptation of the most popular EF and AF instruments, or alternatively the development of purpose-made instruments for assessing children in LAMICs.

Systematic Review Registration numbers: CRD42020202190 (EF tools systematic review) and CRD42020203968 (AF tools systematic review) registered on PROSPERO website (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
Knowledge translation concerns for the CONSORT-PRO extension reporting guidance: a review of reviews
Authors: Mercieca-Bebber Rebecca , Aiyegbusi Olalekan Lee , King Madeleine T. , Brundage Michael , Snyder Claire , Calvert Melanie
Published: March 2022

This review of reviews aimed to appraise the use of the CONSORT-PRO Extension as an evaluation tool for assessing the reporting of patient-reported outcome (PROs) in publications, and to describe the reporting of PRO research across reviews. We also outlined how variation in such evaluations impacts knowledge translation and may lead to potential misuse of the CONSORT-PRO Extension. We systematically searched Medline, Pubmed and CINAHL from 2013 to 2025 March 2021 for reviews of the completeness of reporting of PRO endpoints according to CONSORT-PRO criteria. Two reviewers extracted details of each review, the percentage of included studies that addressed each CONSORT-PRO item, and key recommendations from each review. Fourteen reviews met inclusion criteria, and only six of these used the full CONSORT-PRO checklist with minimal justified modifications. The remaining eight studies made significant or unjustified adjustments to the CONSORT-PRO Extension. Review studies also varied in how they scored multi-component CONSORT-PRO items. CONSORT-PRO items were often unreported in trial reports, and certain CONSORT-PRO items were reported less often than others. The reporting of statistical approaches to dealing with missing PRO data were poor in RCTs included in all 14 review articles. Studies reviewing PRO publications often omitted recommended CONSORT-PRO items from their evaluations, which may cause confusion among readers regarding how best to report their PRO research according to the CONSORT-PRO extension. Many trials published since CONSORT-PRO’s release did not report recommended CONSORT-PRO items, which may lead to misinterpretation and consequently to research waste.
“Not all groups come together, but this one just clicks”: Ten Tips for Sustaining an Engagement Panel
Authors: Jensen Agnes C. , Amundson Erin C. , Brown Cheryl , Cochrane James , Daly David , Glenn Rosie , Hope Kaydance , Hawkins Jeanette , Oakley Joshua Wilder , Sacra Elijah , Walker Janet , Westmoreland Sr William C
Published: March 2022

In 2017, ten veteran patients with the shared experience of living with chronic pain united to form a Veteran Engagement Panel (VEP) to support the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute® (PCORI®)funded Veterans Pain Care Organizational Improvement Comparative Effectiveness (VOICE) Study. The study, conducted at ten Veterans Affairs (VA) sites, compares two team-based approaches to improve pain management and reduce potential harms of opioid therapy. The panel shares ten best practices for sustaining a successful engagement partnership.
Operationalizing Stakeholder Engagement Through the Stakeholder-Centric Engagement Charter (SCEC)
Authors: Martínez Jenny , Piersol Catherine Verrier , Lucas Kenneth , Leland Natalie E.
Published: March 2022

There is a need for clear strategies and procedures to operationalize stakeholder engagement in research studies. Clear guidelines that promote shared leadership among study investigators and research stakeholders are important for inclusive and sustainable partnerships. Such guidelines may take the form of a governance charter and can be a means for encouraging the participation and inclusion of stakeholders who may have little to no experience with research or are otherwise underrepresented in research. This perspective article presents the Stakeholder-Centric Engagement Charter (SCEC), one effort to operationalize a stakeholder engagement approach between researchers and an advisory committee as guided by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute’s (PCORI) Research Engagement Principles (i.e., reciprocal relationships, partnerships, co-learning, transparency-honesty-trust). Building on the SCEC can help future investigators develop a study-specific, dynamic, governance document outlining advisory committee and research team preferences in areas such as role expectations, study governance, and decision-making procedures.
Involving Stakeholders as Communication Partners in Research Dissemination Efforts
Authors: Elwy A. Rani , Maguire Elizabeth M. , Kim Bo , West Gavin S.
Published: March 2022

Moving evidence into practice requires the support of stakeholders, who are critical actors in the research process. Yet, research teams need strategies for determining who these stakeholders are, what their roles should be, and how to involve them in research and dissemination activities. In this Perspective, we discuss steps for identifying, categorizing, and including stakeholders in the research process, as a precursor to involving them as communication partners in research dissemination efforts. Effectively communicating the results of research is critical for increasing stakeholders’ buy-in for the adoption and sustainment of this evidence. However, this communication is best if it comes from the end-users themselves, the stakeholders, who have a specified involvement in the research process. Combining elements from dissemination, implementation, and management science literature, we identify specific tools and strategies for researchers to (1) understand the roles of various stakeholders potentially impacted by their work, and (2) recognize the specific communication activities these stakeholders could be engaged in, to support the dissemination of research findings. We present a 3-Step Plan for identifying, categorizing, and involving stakeholders in the research process in a way that will lead to their role as communication partners when results are ready to be disseminated widely.
Die komplexe Fusionsmaschinerie der Herpesviren
Authors: Vallbracht Melina , Klupp Barbara G. , Mettenleiter Thomas C.
Published: March 2022

Enveloped viruses enter cells by fusion between viral and cellular membranes which is catalyzed by specialized fusogenic glycoproteins (g) on the viral surface. Many viruses use a single fusion protein for entry. In contrast, herpesviruses depend on a complex fusion machinery. Here, we discuss the role of the individual herpesvirus fusion machinery components and answer two basic questions: why does the herpesvirus fusion protein gB depend on other glycoproteins for fusion, and can gB be transformed to function autonomously?
Tailored surface textures to increase friction—A review
Authors: Costa Henara L. , Schille Jörg , Rosenkranz Andreas
Published: March 2022

Surface textures with micro-scale feature dimensions still hold great potential to enhance the frictional performance of tribological systems. Apart from the ability of surface texturing to reduce friction, surface textures can also be used to intentionally increase friction in various applications that rely on friction for their adequate functioning. Therefore, this review aims at presenting the state-of-the-art regarding textured surfaces for high-friction purposes. After a brief general introduction, the recent trends and future paths in laser surface texturing are summarized. Then, the potential of surface textures to increase friction in different applications including adhesion, movement transmission and control, biomimetic applications, and road-tire contacts is critically discussed. Special emphasis in this section is laid on the involved mechanisms responsible for friction increase. Finally, current short-comings and future research directions are pointed out thus emphasizing the great potential of (laser-based) surface texturing methods for innovations in modern surface engineering.
Development of Kinetic Parameters for Nitric Acid Leaching of Phlogopite and the Characterization of Solid Products
Authors: Favel Cheri M. , du Plessis Barend J.
Published: March 2022

South Africa is a net importer of fertilizer products, importing all of its potassium, as well as 60–70% of its nitrogen requirements. Thus, domestic prices are impacted significantly by international prices, shipping costs, and exchange rates. Producing these fertilizers locally would be far more economical. Phlogopite, a rich source of potassium, is discarded in large quantities during mining operations; the objective of the present study, therefore, was to determine the acid-leaching characteristics and behavior of phlogopite as a means of releasing potassium. Phlogopite samples were leached with nitric acid (source of nitrogen for fertilizers) at various concentrations, temperatures, and reaction times. The feed phlogopite and leached residue samples corresponding to conversions of 14% (LP1), 44% (LP2), and 100% (LP3) were collected and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and porosity analysis (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). The feed phlogopite was highly crystalline. The absence of defects in the lattice meant that the motion of H+ atoms penetrating into the lattice was restricted, suggesting internal diffusion-controlled leaching. Furthermore, results obtained from the various analytical techniques corroborated each other in terms of the release of cations during leaching. All leaching experiments were conducted batchwise, in a closed system. The gravimetric data from the experiments were used to identify a suitable model which predicts accurately the leaching behavior. The reaction was found to be internal diffusion-controlled, and the D1 model, which represents one-dimensional diffusion through a flat plate, predicts the leaching behavior most accurately. The observed activation energies (Ea) and pre-exponential constants (k0) varied with initial nitric acid concentration ([H+]0).
The brighter side effects: Identification and attainment
Authors: Khoobchandani Nishka , Sharma Shania , Davis Alicia S. , Feitosa Jennifer
Published: March 2022

Organizations that are becoming more diverse and relying on teams to achieve performance outcomes often employ organizational interventions to deliver these outcomes. Although some negative or null side effects have been demonstrated related to these interventions, we argue that many positive side effects are often not captured or are disregarded and warrant further attention. Using examples from the training literature, we provide evidence for positive side effects of organizational interventions. We also identify lapses in the field’s approach to the measurement of the effects of organizational interventions and how this prevents our attempts to improve these interventions to create better and more holistic outcomes for employees and organizations. We suggest opportunities to improve interventions that can be applied in our diverse workplaces.
The Ex-Factor: Examining the Gendered Effect of Divorce on Voter Turnout
Authors: DEHDARI SIRUS H. , LINDGREN KARL-OSKAR , OSKARSSON SVEN , VERNBY KÅRE
Published: March 2022

The absence of a gendered analysis of the effect of marriage on voting is surprising given researchers’ cognizance of the heterogeneous effects of marriage on a range of other social outcomes. In this paper, we shed new light on spousal dependency by studying the gendered effect of marital disruption, in the form of divorce, on voter turnout. First, drawing on Swedish populationwide data, we use the differential timing of divorces in relation to general elections to generate more credible estimates of the causal effect of divorce on turnout. Second, although we find that both sexes are adversely affected by divorce, we show that the effect is much more pronounced for men. Specifically, the long-term effect is almost twice as large for men. Finally, we use these data to show that the gendered effect of divorce is mainly driven by asymmetrical spousal mobilization due to higher levels of turnout among women.
The Lives and Afterlives of a Soviet Misfit: Volodymyr Ivasiuk, the Emotional Crisis of Late Socialism and the Anti-Soviet Turn in Ukrainian Popular Culture
Authors: Wojnowski Zbigniew
Published: March 2022

This article examines how Soviet Ukrainian cultural artefacts acquired anti-Soviet meanings between the 1970s and the 1990s. It explores the life and posthumous commemoration of the pop composer Volodymyr Ivasiuk through the prism of the history of emotion. Although Ivasiuk promoted his Ukrainian-language music on Soviet radio and television in the 1970s, he turned into a symbol of Ukrainian resistance to Soviet rule after his premature death. The article frames this anti-Soviet turn in Ukrainian popular culture as a rebellion against state-sponsored emotional norms. In contrast to the more widely studied nonconformist circles, Ivasiuk's life and afterlives illuminate the experiences of misfits who tried but failed to find happiness and self-fulfilment within the boundaries of mainstream Soviet society. For a brief moment in the late 1980s, memories of Ivasiuk fuelled new visions of Ukrainian identity which underpinned attempts to push the limits of permissible emotional expression in the Soviet Union.
Wintertime Observations of Tropical Northwest Atlantic Aerosol Properties During ATOMIC: Varying Mixtures of Dust and Biomass Burning
Authors: Quinn P. K. , Bates T. S. , Coffman D. J. , Upchurch L. M. , Johnson J. E. , Brewer A. , Baidar S. , McCoy I. L. , Zuidema P.
Published: March 2022

The Atlantic Tradewind Ocean‐Atmosphere Mesoscale Campaign (ATOMIC) took place from 7 January to 11 July 2020 in the tropical North Atlantic between the east coast of Barbados and the Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) mooring. Measurements of aerosol chemical, microphysical, optical, and cloud‐nucleating properties were made during boreal winter onboard the NOAA RV Ronald H. Brown from 7 January to 13 February 2020. Observed aerosol properties indicate there were distinct periods when the aerosol was typical of clean marine conditions (particle number concentrations <400 cm−3, light absorption levels <1 Mm−1, and 222Rn concentrations <500 mBq m−3) and when there were intrusions of dust mixed to varying degrees with biomass burning aerosol. In comparison to the long‐term dust record at the Barbados Atmospheric Chemistry Observatory, the fraction of samples collected during ATOMIC with dust concentrations greater than 20 μg m−3 exceeded all years of the Barbados January to February record with the exception of 1983. The degree of mixing of the dust with biomass burning aerosol was modulated by the location of the North Atlantic subtropical high. A high located to the west of Africa led to a more northerly transport route and more dust‐like (MDL) aerosol arriving at the ship. A location of the high further to the east over northern Africa led to a more southerly transport route and more biomass burning aerosol mixed with the dust. Properties for the marine, MDL, and mixed dust and biomass burning aerosol are presented.
Self-assembly of fullerene C60-based amphiphiles in solutions
Authors: Li Jinrui , Chen Mengjun , Zhou Shengju , Li Hongguang , Hao Jingcheng
Published: March 2022

This review summarized the self-assembly of C60-based amphiphiles in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions and discussed the corresponding characteristics with close comparison to traditional surfactants.
Microscale hydrodynamic confinements: shaping liquids across length scales as a toolbox in life sciences
Authors: Taylor David P. , Mathur Prerit , Renaud Philippe , Kaigala Govind V.
Published: March 2022

A review-tutorial focusing on applications and theory behind hydrodynamic confinements (HFCs) across flow regimes and geometries – in closed channels, between parallel plates and in open volume. A further focus on chemical reactions enabled by HFCs.
Influence of emitter-receiver number on measurement accuracy in acoustic pyrometry
Authors: Ferrari Lorenzo , Caposciutti Gianluca , Pasini Gianluca , Frate Guido Francesco , Desideri Umberto
Published: March 2022

Acoustic pyrometry is an interesting technique that may find several useful applications in turbomachinery. As the speed of sound is directly related a medium temperature, this measurement technique estimates the temperature of a gas by considering the time of flight of an acoustic wave moving through it. If only an acoustic emitter-receiver couple is used, only the average temperature along the acoustic path can be determined. If multiple emitter-receiver couples laying on the same plane are used, a reconstruction of the temperature map in the section is possible. This estimation is performed by considering that multiple acoustic paths travel across the same sub-portions of the section and, therefore, the temperature of each sub-portion affects the time of flight along several sound paths. Many parameters affect the accuracy of the measurement, and they are related to the physic of the phenomena involved in the measurement, the accuracy of the instrumentation used, the interaction between the acoustic wave and the flow velocity and the hardware set-up. In this study, the impact of some set-up parameters on the accuracy of the measurement was investigated and, in particular, the number of sound emitter-receiver couples and the number of investigation sub-portions in which the section is divided. A reference temperature map has been considered as a benchmark. This study, which is a preliminary investigation on this technique, was useful to assess the capability of this methodology to correctly describe a temperature distribution in an ideal condition. Therefore, it represents a first step in the set-up of an experimental investigation with an acoustic pyrometer..
Application of oil and dye flow visualization in incompressible turbomachinery flows
Authors: Terzis Alexandros , Zachos Pavlos K. , Charnley Bernard A. , Kalfas Anestis I.
Published: March 2022

Flow visualization is one of many available tools in experimental fluid mechanics and is used from the primary stages of fluid mechanics research in order to identify the physical sizes and locations of the flow features under consideration. Most of the fluids used in engineering applications are transparent (water, air, etc) and flow visualization techniques are used in order to make their flow patterns visible. Simple flow visualization experiments are relatively inexpensive and they can be easily implemented providing with a first feeling of the characteristics of the flow domain. Subsequently, flow visualization techniques are of great applicability in complex flow fields and especially in turbomachinery applications where the flow is characterized by three dimensional and secondary flow patterns. In general, fluid motion can be visualized by surface flow visualization, by particle tracer methods or by optical methods. The former flow visualization technique reveals the streamlines of fluid flows around a solid surface. In this paper flow visualization techniques applied in two different cases of experimental testing (fans in crossflow and cascade experiment) are presented. In both cases, the mixture of paint was prepared using a highly volatile light mineral or heavy machine oil of viscosities of approximately100cPand200cP, respectively, together with very fine pigments of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) or fluorescein sodium in various colors. After the preparation of the mixture, a homogenous thin film was applied onto the whole plate surface by painting it with a soft brush. The air stream which flows over the surface of the plate, modifies the concentration and the homogeneity of the oil film, according to the flow conditions very close to the wall. The film was dried by the airflow and photographed for further consideration while the time taken for drying depended on the wind tunnel velocity as well as, on the pigmentation of the mixture. Successful and un-successful flow visualization tests are herein presented while each case is respectively commented as far as the mixtures, the proportions used and the application onto the rigs are concerned.
Design analysis of a novel orifice control valve for turbomachinery testing facilities
Authors: Peteinaris Alexandros , Kalfas Anestis I
Published: March 2022

In testing facilities for turbomachinery applications, the main component for the regulation of the flow is the control valve. In order to fulfill the flow rate requirements, the performance of the control valve should be highly accurate in a specified flow range. The robustness against variations or disturbances, is a major issue to be considered. A control valve incorporated in any testing facility has to meet certain requirements. Thus, operating aspects, such as the flow rate range and the valve pressure drop, along with control prerequisites, regarding flow stability, repeatability and robustness of the valve, are considered. The purpose of this study is to establish a new designing approach for control valves. Orifice plates are used as a guideline for this study because of the geometrical similarities with the control valve. A sensitivity analysis determines the most influential parameters and prioritizes the requirements. With emphasis on the cross-sectional area and by neglecting its shape, a simplified 2-D model is optimized. Eventually, a CFD model, verified by experiments, is used for the analysis of the effects of geometrical parameters. The established workflow weighs the requirements according to each application and indicates the method to reach the desired goals. CFD simulations verify the 2-D model and assist in the fine adjustment of the control valve’s characteristics. With an average deviation of 3% between the 2-D and the 3-D model, the simplified 2-D model proves to be sufficient for setting the valve’s characteristics, setting the CFD simulations necessary, only in applications of extreme flow rates and temperature conditions.
Direct inducer cavitation instability identification using high speed visualization
Authors: Yoon Youngkuk , Song Seung Jin
Published: March 2022

Direct identification of inducer cavitation instability was conducted via high speed video footage without pressure information. A two-bladed inducer undergoing alternate blade cavitation has been tested. The fluctuation of grayscale values for each pixel were shown to be closely correlated with the actual pressure fluctuation. Using each frame of the high speed video footage, not only the classic visual inspection, but also quantitative method including traveling wave energy analysis and mode analysis was performed. By only using the pixel grayscale fluctuation data, quantitative methods, which have been only applied to the pressure signals to identify the cavitation instabilities, were also successively applied and the type of cavitation instability was well determined.
Real-time particle tracking tests virus mitigation strategies
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: March 2022

Studying up to 3 million individual particles to understand how masks, face shields, and dividers protect from virus spread
Anisotropic thermoreflectance thermometry: A contactless frequency-domain thermoreflectance approach to study anisotropic thermal transport
Authors: Pérez Luis A. , Xu Kai , Wagner Markus R. , Dörling Bernhard , Perevedentsev Aleksandr , Goñi Alejandro R. , Campoy-Quiles Mariano , Alonso M. Isabel , Reparaz Juan Sebastián
Published: March 2022

We developed a novel contactless frequency-domain thermoreflectance approach to study thermal transport, which is particularly convenient when thermally anisotropic materials are considered. The method is based on a line-shaped heater geometry, produced with a holographic diffractive optical element, instead of using a spot heater as in conventional thermoreflectance. The heater geometry is similar to the one used in the 3-omega method, however, keeping all the technical advantages offered by non-contact methodologies. The present method is especially suitable to determine all the elements of the thermal conductivity tensor, which is experimentally achieved by simply rotating the sample with respect to the line-shaped optical heater. We provide the mathematical solution of the heat equation for the cases of anisotropic substrates, thin films, and multilayer systems. This methodology allows an accurate determination of the thermal conductivity and does not require complex modeling or intensive computational efforts to process the experimental data, i.e., the thermal conductivity is obtained through a simple linear fit (“slope method”), in a similar fashion to the 3-omega method. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by studying isotropic and anisotropic materials in a wide range of thermal conductivities. In particular, we have studied the following inorganic and organic systems: (i) glass, Si, and Ge substrates (isotropic), (ii) β-Ga2O3 and a Kapton substrate (anisotropic), and (iii) a 285 nm thick SiO2 thin film deposited on a Si substrate. The accuracy in the determination of the thermal conductivity is estimated as ≈5%, whereas the temperature uncertainty is ΔT ≈ 3 mK.
A nanometric window on fullerene formation in the interstellar medium: Insights from molecular dynamics studies
Authors: Thakur Abhishek Kumar , Muralidharan Krishna , Zega Thomas J. , Ziurys L. M.
Published: March 2022

Understanding the fundamental mechanisms that underlie the synthesis of fullerene molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM) and in the environments of astrophysical objects is an open question. In this regard, using classical molecular dynamics, we demonstrate the possibility of in situ formation of fullerene molecules, such as C60 from graphite, which is known to occur in the ISM, in particular, circumstellar environments. Specifically, when graphite is subjected to thermal and mechanical stimuli that are typical of circumstellar shells, we find that the graphite sheet edges undergo significant restructuring and curling, leading to edge-induced interlayer-interactions and formation of mechanically strained five-membered-ring structural units. These units serve as precursors for the formation of fullerene structures, such as pristine and metastable C60 molecules. The pathways leading to molecular C60 formation consist of a series of steps that involve bond-breakage and subsequent local rearrangement of atoms, with the activation energy barriers of the rate-limiting step(s) being comparable to the energetics of Stone–Wales rearrangement reactions. The identified chemical pathways provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms that underlie C60 formation. Moreover, they clearly demonstrate that top-down synthesis of C60 from graphitic sources is a viable synthesis route at conditions pertaining to circumstellar matter.
Failure model with phase transition for ceramics under shock loading
Authors: Grigoryev S. Yu. , Dyachkov S. A. , Parshikov A. N. , Zhakhovsky V. V.
Published: March 2022

An explicit failure model for ceramics undergoing a solid–solid phase transition under shock compression is developed and tested on silicon carbide and aluminum nitride. This model enhances the applicability of our failure model recently developed for boron carbide. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of ceramics under shock loading are performed to optimize the model parameters using the velocity profiles obtained in available shock-wave experiments. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of a phase transition with hysteresis is essential for agreement between simulations and experiments. Evolution of damage spreading in samples with propagation of the failure wave front is discussed. We show that it changes from a homogeneous damage pattern to regular structures of failure bands, where growth is guided by distributions of equivalent stress and shear strength of material within the band tips.
Substrate orientation dependent characteristics of half-metallic and metallic superlattices [La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/LaNiO3]10
Authors: Das S. , Tanguturi R. G. , Ghosh S. , Dokala R. K. , Medwal R. , Gupta S. , Yan Z. , Qi Y. , Rawat R. S. , Thota S.
Published: March 2022

We report a detailed study on the orientation dependent growth characteristics, electronic structure, transport, magnetic, and vibrational excitations in atomically flat interfaces of [La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/LaNiO3]10 superlattices (SLs) coherently grown on (001/011/111)-SrTiO3 substrates by the pulsed laser deposition technique. X-ray reflectometry confirms the periodic superlattice stacks from the Kiessig interference fringes and well-defined even interfaces between the nickelate and manganite layers. A complex local atomic environment across the interfaces was noticed, yet trivalent La, divalent Sr, and mixed valent Ni2+/3+ and Mn3+/4+ electronic states prevail at the core level with enhanced relative intensity ratio of the Mn ions in the superlattices grown on (111) oriented SrTiO3 substrates as compared to those grown on (001) and (011) oriented SrTiO3. The temperature (5≤T≤300K) dependence of electrical resistivity ρ(T) analysis reveals 3D variable range hopping model [ρ(T)=ρ0exp⁡(T0/T)(1/4)] with large magnitude of hopping energies (≥40 meV) for the SL-111 system associated with the high energy gap developed by the accumulation of disorderness in the individual constituents of polar layers. Moreover, all SL systems exhibit reduced ferromagnetic ordering temperatures (67≤TC≤110K) with a low-temperature anomaly (11.4≤T∗≤22K) and a substantial enhancement in the effective exchange interaction (Jeff∼3.52meV) having altered ground state-spin configuration S∼1/2 different from S=3/2 of La0.75Sr0.25MnO3. Nevertheless, the SL-011 system exhibits large anisotropy field HK∼18kOe and cubic anisotropy constant K1∼9.3×103J/m3 in comparison to the other two orientations. The second order two-phonon interaction driven by the local polaronic distortion causes significant changes in the vibrational excitations of the investigated system. Nonetheless, most of the Raman modes follow the substrate-induced, highly oriented epitaxial growth pattern except for two modes ν4 (326cm−1) and ν8 (728cm−1), which slightly differ in the case of SL-111 superlattices.
Writable spin wave nanochannels in an artificial-spin-ice-mediated ferromagnetic thin film
Authors: Li Jianhua , Xu Wen-Bing , Yue Wen-Cheng , Yuan Zixiong , Gao Tan , Wang Ting-Ting , Xiao Zhi-Li , Lyu Yang-Yang , Li Chong , Wang Chenguang , Ma Fusheng , Dong Sining , Dong Ying , Wang Huabing , Wu Peiheng , Kwok Wai-Kwong , Wang Yong-Lei
Published: March 2022

Magnonics, which employs spin-waves to transmit and process information, is a promising venue for low-power data processing. One of the major challenges is the local control of the spin-wave propagation path. Here, we introduce the concept of writable magnonics by taking advantage of the highly flexible reconfigurability and rewritability of artificial spin ice systems. Using micromagnetic simulations, we show that globally switchable spin-wave propagation and locally writable spin-wave nanochannels can be realized in a ferromagnetic thin film underlying an artificial pinwheel spin ice. The rewritable magnonics enabled by reconfigurable spin wave nanochannels provides a unique setting to design programmable magnonic circuits and logic devices for ultra-low power applications.
Clamping of DNA shuts the condensin neck gate
Authors: Lee Byung-Gil , Rhodes James , Löwe Jan
Published: March 2022

Significance

DNA needs to be compacted to fit into nuclei and during cell division, when dense chromatids are formed for their mechanical segregation, a process that depends on the protein complex condensin. It forms and enlarges loops in DNA through loop extrusion. Our work resolves the atomic structure of a DNA-bound state of condensin in which ATP has not been hydrolyzed. The DNA is clamped within a compartment that has been reported previously in other structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes, including Rad50, cohesin, and MukBEF. With the caveat of important differences, it means that all SMC complexes cycle through at least some similar states and undergo similar conformational changes in their head modules, while hydrolyzing ATP and translocating DNA.
The neural substrate of spatial memory stabilization depends on the distribution of the training sessions
Authors: Mastrorilli Valentina , Centofante Eleonora , Antonelli Federica , Rinaldi Arianna , Mele Andrea
Published: March 2022

Significance

Distributed training has long been known to lead to more robust memory formation as compared to massed training. Using the water maze, a well-established task for assessing memory in laboratory rodents, we found that distributed and massed training differentially engage the dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatum, and optogenetic priming of dorsolateral striatum can artificially increase the robustness of massed training to the level of distributed training. Overall, our findings demonstrate that spatial memory consolidation engages different neural substrates depending on the training regimen, identifying a therapeutic avenue for memory enhancement.
Remarks on the maximality approach to Mandarindouand other related issues
Authors: Feng Yuli , Pan Haihua
Published: March 2022

In this paper we comment on the maximality approach to Mandarin Chinesedouinitiated byGiannakidou & Cheng (2006)and modified byXiang (2008), showing that the approach fails (1) to explain several linguistic phenomena (e.g. the interaction betweenna‘which’-phrases anddou, the distributive effect ofdou, and the exclusiveness ofdou), (2) makes incorrect predictions concerning the interpretations ofdou-sentences, and (3) suffers from various theoretical problems (e.g. compositional difficulty). After refuting the maximality approach, the paper argues that treatingdouas a device for encoding universal quantification gives the above issues a more cogent explanation, has a wider coverage of language data, and also avoids the theoretical problems with the maximality approach.
Tangut uvularization and the devil in the Chinese details
Authors: Smith Jonathan
Published: March 2022

I critique traditional simplex approaches to Tangut Grade by primary reference to Xun Gong’s new suggestion that Grade I/II syllables were contrastively uvularized. Such proposals are rooted in the categories of philological Middle Chinese (MC), but the Grades are at the same time incommensurate with MC in reflecting the effects of apicalization, labiodentalization, and other changes affecting vocalism across northern late medieval Chinese languages (NLMC). Attention to these details suggests that Tangut Grade concerned vowel quality per se, not simplex diagnostic segments or features. Gong’s correspondence between Tangut Grade I/II K- and Rgyalrong Q- also has parallels in NLMC and will require a narrower solution within proposed Qiangic.
Defective incorporating verbs in Mandarin
Authors: Zhang Niina Ning
Published: March 2022

This paper identifies a type of noun incorporation in which the verb and a nominal are combined as early saturation of the verb, in contrast to early restriction, which is seen in the familiar type of noun incorporation. Two types of V-V resultative constructions in Mandarin Chinese are compared: the agent-oriented one and the patient-oriented one. The semantic grouping effects of the first verb and the post-verbal nominal of an agent-oriented type show that they are local to each other in their base-positions. But unlike in the patient-oriented one, the first verb in the construction shows a weak reachability. The defectiveness of the verb is parallel to that of an incorporated nominal in the familiar type of noun incorporation: e.g. no modification and no anaphoric linking to a proform. The paper argues that the first verb in the agent-oriented resultative construction and the post-verbal nominal, which can be a full-fledged referential nominal, undergo a type of noun incorporation parallel to the familiar type. In such noun incorporation, instead of the nominal, it is the verb that exhibits root-like properties. Such properties are viewed as a consequence of an early combination of a verb and a nominal, before each of them takes an event-argument, in a neo-Davisonian semantic perspective.
A direct Z-scheme g-C6N6/InP van der Waals heterostructure: a promising photocatalyst for high-efficiency overall water splitting
Authors: Wenna Han , Xuefeng Chen , Minglei Jia , Fengzhu Ren , Chengxiao Peng , Haigang Yang , Qinfen Gu , Bing Wang , Huabing Yin
Published: March 2022

An intrinsic out-of-plane electronic field can inhibit the recombination of photogenerated carriers in two-dimensional (2D) polar materials. On the other hand, a direct Z-scheme constructed from a 2D van der Waals heterostructure can not only effectively separate photogenerated carriers, but also can retain robust redox abilities. g-C6N6/InP, a direct Z-scheme heterostructure with a polarized material is successfully designed, which is verified to be available for overall water splitting through first-principles calculations. Due to the synergistic effects of intrinsic electric field and a direct Z-scheme heterostructure, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can simultaneously take place on the g-C6N6 and InP monolayer, respectively. The predicted solar-to-hydrogen efficiency can reach 21.69%, which breaks the conventional theoretical limit of ∼18%. The suitable direction of intrinsic electronic field in the polar material can enhance the photogenerated carrier migration and redox abilities for both HER and OER. Based on these findings, the g-C6N6/InP vdW heterostructure can provide a new perspective for finding higher-efficiency Z-scheme photocatalysts with polar materials for overall water decomposition.
Luís Roberto Barroso’s Theory of Constitutional Adjudication: A Philosophical Reply
Authors: Bustamante Thomas , Peluso Neder Meyer Emílio , De Godoi Bustamante Evanilda
Published: March 2022

Luís Roberto Barroso is one of the most influential legal scholars in Latin America. In this Article, we challenge his theory of constitutional legitimacy. Barroso believes that the legitimacy of constitutional adjudication stems from three different roles performed by constitutional courts. First, courts play a counter-majoritarian role; second, they have also a “representative role.” Although judges lack votes, they are better positioned than legislatures to interpret the will of the people because they are less vulnerable to partisan interests. Finally, courts can perform an “enlightened role”; they can break the political inertia and lead society to a better future. Although these powers should be used sparingly, courts can act as an enlightened vanguard and push history forward in the interests of the citizens. We argue that these roles are conceptually inconsistent and that the last two roles are not justified. We conclude, in addition, that Barroso’s theory of judicial legitimacy encourages a politicization of adjudication and constitutes a threat to the rule of law.