bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les besoins en eau d’abreuvement des bovins laitiers : déterminismes physiologiques et quantification
Authors: BOUDON A. , KHELIL-ARFA H. , MÉNARD J.L. , BRUNSCHWIG P. , FAVERDIN P.
Published: March 2020

L’eau d’abreuvement est un besoin incompressible des élevages laitiers. Elle représente un coût non négligeable et sa restriction conduit immédiatement à des baisses de performances et à une altération du bien-être des troupeaux. Le bilan hydrique de l’animal est équilibré grâce à la régulation de l’excrétion rénale d’eau et des volumes d’eau bue en réponse à des consignes de pression osmotique plasmatique et de volume sanguin. De nombreuses équations de prédiction des besoins en eau des vaches laitières ont été publiées. La teneur en matière sèche de la ration ressort comme le premier paramètre prédictif des volumes d’eau bue parce qu’elle détermine la part relative de l’eau provenant de l’aliment et bue dans l’eau totale ingérée. La quantité de matière sèche ingérée, les teneurs en sodium, potassium et azote de la ration ainsi que la température ambiante sont les principaux paramètres prédictifs de l’eau totale ingérée. La comparaison des erreurs de prédiction des équations des besoins en eau des vaches laitières sur un jeu de données commun montre des performances très hétérogènes. Les critères de choix des équations doivent être la nature des paramètres prédictifs disponibles mais aussi les conditions dans lesquelles elles ont été établies. Les équations de prédiction des besoins en eau des vaches laitières ont souvent été établies à partir de mesures individuelles et leur application sur un troupeau disposant d’abreuvoirs à niveau constant peut entrainer un biais de prédiction. Quelques pistes sont évoquées pour quantifier les besoins en eau des génisses.
La production de viande de chameau : état des connaissances, situation actuelle et perspectives
Authors: FAYE B. , ABDELHADI O. , RAIYMBEK G. , KADIM I. , HOCQUETTE J.F.
Published: March 2020

La viande de chameau est un produit régulièrement consommé dans les pays arides et c’est un des rares produits de cette espèce faisant l’objet d’un marché d’export régional, voire international si on inclut la viande de chameaux « marrons » d’Australie, bien qu’une part mal évaluée de ce marché se situe dans le secteur informel. Les principaux pays exportateurs se situent dans la Corne de l’Afrique et dans la région sahélienne alors que les pays importateurs sont surtout les pays du Golfe et d’Afrique du Nord. La productivité en viande chez le chameau est plutôt faible bien que les rendements carcasse se rapprochent de ceux des bovins, surtout chez les animaux provenant des systèmes de production plus intensifs. Il existe toutefois une tradition d’embouche cameline pastorale obtenant de bons résultats. La viande de chameau est assez proche de la viande de boeuf tant dans sa composition chimique globale que dans ses particularités gustatives et sa valeur nutritionnelle. Toutefois, du fait de la concentration du gras dans la bosse, la viande de chameau apparaît relativement maigre et particulièrement pauvre en cholestérol, ce qui peut en faire un argument commercial certain.
La quantification des principaux phénomènes digestifs chez les ruminants : les relations utilisées pour rénover les systèmes d’unités d’alimentation énergétique et protéique
Authors: SAUVANT D. , NOZIÈRE P.
Published: March 2020

L’évolution des systèmes d’unités d’alimentation des ruminants vers des systèmes de lois de réponses multiples nécessite d’actualiser le calcul des apports nutritifs à l’animal, afin de le rendre plus précis sur les unités agrégées (UF et PDI) et plus évolutif (prédiction des nutriments absorbés). Cette actualisation est basée sur la construction et l’interprétation par méta-analyse, de larges bases de données sur la digestion et la nutrition des ruminants. Les différentes équations utilisées pour le calcul des apports UF et PDI ont ainsi été mises à jour, ce qui permet en particulier : i) de prévoir le transit des particules et des liquides en fonction du niveau d’ingestion et de la proportion de concentré, et de prendre en compte les variations de transit dans le calcul des dégradations des protéines et de l’amidon dans le rumen, estimées à partir des données issues de mesures in situ; ii) de prendre en compte les effets des principaux facteurs d’interactions digestives (niveau d’ingestion, proportion de concentré, balance protéique du rumen) sur la digestibilité de la matière organique, les pertes d’énergie sous forme de méthane et sous forme d’urine ; iii) de calculer plus précisément l’énergie disponible dans le rumen et son efficacité d’utilisation pour la synthèse de protéines microbiennes. Ce modèle rénové de la digestion chez les ruminants conduit à considérer que les valeurs UF et PDI des aliments varient en fonction de la ration dans laquelle ils sont incorporés, les valeurs des tables étant indicatives. Il est ainsi possible de prédire plus précisément les apports sur une plus large gamme de régimes, et en particulier de mieux traiter des interactions entre les apports en énergie et en protéines.
La fonte lipidique du foie gras à la cuisson
Authors: THÉRON L. , BOUILLIER-OUDOT M. , MARIE-ETANCELIN C. , BONNEFONT C. , FERNANDEZ X. , MOLETTE C.
Published: March 2020

La capacité à retenir les lipides lors de la cuisson constitue la principale qualité technologique recherchée du foie gras. La fonte se traduit par une exsudation de nature essentiellement lipidique qui a lieu lors des traitements thermiques de conservation. Différentes méthodes d’évaluation de ce rendement sont disponibles et de manière générale, les corrélations entre ces dernières sont  significatives. La variabilité du rendement technologique est élevée. Des facteurs de variation identifiés sont des paramètres liés à l’élevage, au gavage ou encore aux conditions entourant l’abattage des animaux. Des études ont également permis de mettre en évidence un lien entre le rendement technologique et de nombreux paramètres : le type et les caractéristiques génétiques de l’animal, le poids du foie et sa composition chimique. Enfin, la recherche du déterminisme biologique de la variabilité de la fonte à la cuisson a conduit à proposer un mécanisme en lien avec le niveau de stéatose hépatique au moment de l’abattage.
Qualité des carcasses et de la viande des palmipèdes gavés
Authors: BAÉZA E. , FERNANDEZ X. , MARIE-ETANCELIN M.
Published: March 2020

La viande de palmipèdes gavés se distingue de la viande de palmipèdes non gavés surtout par son enrichissement en lipides (teneur multipliée par deux) qui modifie la qualité nutritionnelle et sensorielle des produits et leur aptitude à la conservation. Toutefois, ces caractéristiques peuvent fortement varier selon l’itinéraire technique mis en oeuvre pendant les phases d’élevage et de gavage et en particulier en fonction de la composition et des modalités de distribution de l’aliment, de l’âge à la mise en gavage et de sa durée. Les étapes de pré-abattage et la technologie d’abattage et de transformation sont également importantes à considérer. Les paramètres génétiques de la qualité de la carcasse et de la viande ont surtout été étudiés chez le canard. Ces critères de qualité sont dans l’ensemble faiblement héritables. Récemment, plusieurs QTL ont été mis en évidence en particulier pour les pertes à la cuisson, le pH et la texture de la viande. La connaissance des gènes impliqués dans le contrôle de ces paramètres devrait permettre à plus ou moins long terme de les inclure dans les schémas de sélection.
Conception et évaluation d’un système innovant de production de foie gras : le cas de la substitution du maïs par du sorgho chez l’oie
Authors: ARROYO J. , AUBIN J. , AUVERGNE A. , DUBOIS J.P. , BRACHET M. , FERNANDEZ X. , DEBAEKE P. , FORTUN-LAMOTHE L.
Published: March 2020

Cet article présente le déroulement d’une démarche d’éco-conception pour proposer des innovations permettant de réduire les impacts environnementaux de la production de foie gras d’oie. Une Analyse de Cycle de Vie portant sur l’itinéraire standard de  production du foie gras d’oie français a permis de montrer que l’alimentation explique la majeure partie des impacts environnementaux de ce produit (plus de 50% en moyenne) et qu’elle représente donc le levier d’action le plus pertinent. Plusieurs expérimentations ont été réalisées afin d’évaluer les possibilités d’utilisation du sorgho, la réponse du système biologique par rapport à l’utilisation du maïs, et les conséquences sur la durabilité environnementale à l’échelle du cycle de vie du produit jusqu’à la sortie de l’abattoir et sur la durabilité économique et sociale à l’échelle de l’exploitation, d’une substitution du maïs par du sorgho dans la ration alimentaire des oies. Les travaux montrent qu’une substitution totale du maïs par du sorgho dans la ration alimentaire est techniquement possible. Elle réduit la plupart des impacts environnementaux de la fabrication d’1 kg de foie gras (potentiel de réchauffement climatique : - 18%, potentiel d’acidification : -12%, utilisation d’énergie primaire : - 23%, utilisation de la ressource en eau : - 62%) et améliore de nombreux indicateurs de performances de durabilité économique, tel que l’indice de consommation (- 9,4%) ou le poids de foie (+ 13%). Cependant certains indicateurs économiques et sociaux sont dégradés, tels que l’intention de consommer à nouveau le produit (- 17 pts) en raison d’un foie de couleur plus pâle, et l’augmentation de la mortalité en gavage (+ 4,6 pts). L’ensemble des résultats suggère que l'utilisation du sorgho dans l’alimentation des oies peut améliorer la durabilité de la production de foie gras. Plusieurs ajustements dans l’itinéraire de production sont nécessaires pour optimiser l’utilisation de cette matière première.
Amelogenins and their effects on the wound healing of skin and oral mucous membrane
Authors: Klewin‑Steinböck Sylwia , Wyganowska‑Świątkowska Marzena
Published: March 2020

Amelogenins are a mixture of hydrophobic proteins that are the major organic components of developing enamel. The main functions of the amelogenins and their degradation products are structural roles in creating the space and environment for promoting enamel mineralization. They are used in periodontal surgery to guide tissue regeneration. Based on clinical evidences that amelogenins positively affect the healing of periodontium tissue new application for amelogenins have been suggested. Conducted research confirmed that amelogenins can be used in skin wound healing.
Employee psychological empowerment models and teaching ways of the method
Authors: Shahbazian Ahad , Beheshtifar Malikeh
Published: March 2020

Although individuals have the potential of showing more creativity, innovation, and performance, these capabilities are not exploited optimally in the organizational environment. Psychological empowerment of human resources has been known as an effective strategy in functioning and enhancement of human resources in transition management so educating the method is of great importance. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to analyze employee psychological-empowerment models and the ways of educating that. The paper was theoretical. The concept of empowerment and empowerment models were dealt with based on approaches using library method to realize the purpose of the paper. Then the empowerment models by (Bowen & Lawler, 1992), (Kanger & Kanengo, 1988), (Avolio, 2004), (Nokelainen & Ruhotie, 2003), (Dennis, 1984), (Robbins et al, 2018), (Villegas, 2019), (Vogt & Murrel, 1990), (Noller, 1997), (Thomas & Volhaus, 2017), (Spritzer, 1995), Iran Human Resources Empowerment Model, and so on were analyzed. After the analysis of the models, the effective model of employee psychological empowerment was extracted, involving the components of organizational culture, organizational structure, organizational monitoring system, organizational reward system, and the organizational management systems. Some aspects were considered for each component according to the conducted analyses and studying and comparing the models developed in this regard.
Black–White Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Prospective US Study, 2003–2017
Authors: Tajeu Gabriel S. , Safford Monika M. , Howard George , Howard Virginia J. , Chen Ligong , Long D. Leann , Tanner Rikki M. , Muntner Paul
Published: March 2020

Objectives. To determine factors that explain the higher Black:White cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates among US adults.

Methods. We analyzed data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study from 2003 to 2017 to estimate Black:White hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD mortality within subgroups younger than 65 years and aged 65 years or older.

Results. Among 29 054 participants, 41.0% who were Black and 54.9% who were women, 1549 CVD deaths occurred. Among participants younger than 65 years, the demographic-adjusted Black:White CVD mortality HR was 2.23 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.87, 2.65) and 1.21 (95% CI = 1.00, 1.47) after full adjustment. Among participants aged 65 years or older, the demographic-adjusted Black:White CVD mortality HR was 1.58 (95% CI = 1.39, 1.79) and 1.12 (95% CI = 0.97, 1.29) after full adjustment. When we used mediation analysis, socioeconomic status explained 21.2% (95% CI = 13.6%, 31.4%) and 38.0% (95% CI = 20.9%, 61.7%) of the Black:White CVD mortality risk difference among participants younger than 65 years and aged 65 years or older, respectively. CVD risk factors explained 56.6% (95% CI = 42.0%, 77.2%) and 41.3% (95% CI = 22.9%, 65.3%) of the Black:White CVD mortality difference for participants younger than 65 years and aged 65 years or older, respectively.

Conclusions. The higher Black:White CVD mortality risk is primarily explained by racial differences in socioeconomic status and CVD risk factors.
Influenza Vaccination Coverage of Health Care Personnel in Los Angeles County Hospitals, 2016–2017
Authors: Kamali Talar , Foo Chelsea , OYong Kelsey , Terashita Dawn
Published: March 2020

The objective of the Los Angeles County, California (LAC), health care personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination improvement intervention was to increase HCP influenza vaccination coverage during the 2016–2017 influenza season via targeted outreach to LAC acute care hospitals. We selected 13 facilities for intervention and received tailored recommendations from a menu of evidence-based practices. Following the season, each hospital in the intervention group experienced a significant increase in vaccination coverage, which increased the LAC countywide average for all hospitals by 5%, from 74% to 79%.
Disparities in Distribution of Particulate Matter Emissions from US Coal-Fired Power Plants by Race and Poverty Status After Accounting for Reductions in Operations Between 2015 and 2017
Authors: Richmond-Bryant Jennifer , Mikati Ihab , Benson Adam F. , Luben Thomas J. , Sacks Jason D.
Published: March 2020

Objectives. To investigate potential changes in burdens from coal-fired electricity-generating units (EGUcfs) that emit fine particulate matter (PM2.5, defined as matter with a nominal mean aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm) among racial/ethnic and economic groups after reduction of operations in 92 US EGUcfs.

Methods. PM2.5 burdens calculated for EGUs listed in the 2008, 2011, and 2014 National Emissions Inventory were recalculated for 2017 after omitting emissions from 92 EGUcfs. The combined influence of race/ethnicity and poverty on burden estimates was characterized.

Results. Omission of 92 EGUcfs decreased PM2.5 burdens attributable to EGUs by 8.6% for the entire population and to varying degrees for every population subgroup. Although the burden decreased across all subgroups, the decline was not equitable. After omission of the 92 EGUcfs, burdens were highest for the below-poverty and non-White subgroups. Proportional disparities between White and non-White subgroups increased. In our combined analysis, the burden was highest for the non-White–high-poverty subgroup.

Conclusions. Our results indicate that subgroups living in poverty experience the greatest absolute burdens from EGUcfs. Changes as a result of EGUcf closures suggest a shift in burden from White to non-White subgroups. Policymakers could use burden analyses to jointly promote equity and reduce emissions.
Gonorrhea Prevalence Among Young Women and Men Entering the National Job Training Program, 2000–2017
Authors: Learner Emily R. , Kreisel Kristen , Kirkcaldy Robert D. , Schlanger Karen , Torrone Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2020

Objectives. To examine long-term gonorrhea prevalence trends from a sentinel surveillance population of young people at elevated risk for gonorrhea.

Methods. We analyzed annual cross-sectional urogenital gonorrhea screening data from 191 991 women (2000–2017) and 224 348 men (2003–2017) 16 to 24 years of age entering the National Job Training Program, a US vocational training program. We estimated prevalence among women using an expectation-maximization algorithm incorporated into a logistic regression to account for increases in screening test sensitivity; log-binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence among men.

Results. The adjusted gonorrhea prevalence among women followed a U-shaped curve, falling from 2.9% to 1.6% from 2000 through 2011 before rising to 2.7% in 2017. The prevalence among men declined from 1.4% to 0.8% from 2003 through 2017. In the case of both women and men, the prevalence was highest across all study years among those who were Black or American Indian/Alaska Native and those who resided in the South or Midwest.

Conclusions. Trends among National Job Training Program enrollees suggest that gonorrhea prevalence is rising among young women while remaining low and steady among young men.
The Effect of Industrial Structure Change on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Cross-Country Panel Analysis
Authors: Dong Jichang , He Jing , Li Xiuting , Mou Xindi , Dong Zhi
Published: March 2020

Reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is one of the biggest challenges for global sustainable development, in which economic growth characterized by industrialization plays a formidable role. We innovatively adopted the input and output (I-O) table of 41 countries released by World I-O Database to determine the industrial structure change and analyze its impact on CO2 emission evolution by developing a cross-country panel model. The empirical results show that industrial structure change has a significantly negative effect on CO2 emissions; to be specific, 0.1 unit increase in the linkage of manufacturing sector and service sector will lead to a decrease of 0.94 metric tons per capita CO2 emissions, indicating that upgrading industrial structure contributes to carbon mitigation and sustainable development. Further, urbanization, technology and trade openness have significantly negative impact on CO2 emissions, while economy growth and energy use take positive impacts. In particular, a 1% increase in per capita income will contribute to an increase of 8.6 metric tons per capita CO2 emissions. However, the effect of industrial structure on environment degradation is moderated by technology level. These findings fill the gaps of previous literature and provide valuable references for effective policies to mitigate CO2 emissions and achieve sustainable development.
Can Technical Indicators Provide Information for Future Volatility: International Evidence
Authors: Shi Yafeng , Tao Xiangxing , Shi Yanlong , Zhu Nenghui , Ying Tingting , Peng Xun
Published: March 2020

We employ the static and dynamic copula models to investigate whether technical indicators provide information on volatility in the next trading day, where the volatility is measured by daily realized volatility. Our empirical results, based on long samples of 8 well-known stock indexes, suggest that a significant and asymmetric tail dependence between the technical indicators based on moving average and the next day volatility. The level of dependence change over time in a persistent manner. And the dependence structure presents some distinct differences between emerging market indexes and developed market indexes. These results indicate that the technical indicators can provide information on the next day volatility at extremes, and are less informative at normal market.
A New Type of Evolutionary Strategy Based on a Multi-player Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma Game
Authors: Xie Nenggang , Ye Ye , Bao Wei , Wang Meng
Published: March 2020

According to the philosophy of self-cultivation that “one should refine his personal virtue when in poverty, and help save the world when in success”, a new type of evolutionary strategy, Poor-Competition-Rich-Cooperation (PCRC), is proposed. To discuss its superiority and inferiority, based on a multi-player iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma game, PCRC and other six kinds of strategies are played by using the roulette method in three different populations (a uniformly distributed population, a cooperation-preference population, a defection-preference population). The payoff characteristics for each strategy under different temptation coefficients and noise values are also analyzed. Simulation results indicate that PCRC has a sufficient robustness and its payoff presents a basically monotonic increasing tendency with the increment of noise. The superiority of PCRC becomes more obvious when the temptation coefficient becomes larger. Furthermore, a higher population preference for defection yields a more obvious advantage for PCRC.
Anabaptist Agriculture: Understanding the Success of Mennonite Farmers in Northern Ontario
Authors: Sara Epp
Published: March 2020

Over the past fifteen years, a significant movement of Anabaptist farmers, particularly Amish and Old Order Mennonites, to northern Ontario has occurred. These farmers have increased access to local food, broadened the productive spectrum of crops and improved food security for many communities. Their economic and social impacts on northern communities has been significant, as has their impact on the broader farm community. Utilizing traditional agrarian practices with limited modern technology, Anabaptist farmers have significantly broadened the agricultural landscape and challenged prevailing stereotypes of agricultural viability in the north. The success of Anabaptist farmers can be directly linked to the strong sense of community within Mennonite groups, diversified farming activities undertaken within each household and high level of acceptance from northern residents. This presentation will focus on the motivations of Anabaptist farmers who moved to northern Ontario and the diversification strategies they utilize to ensure success of their farming endeavours.
Waterfront Property Owners as Economic Development Contributors in Rural Ontario
Authors: Katherine Howes
Published: March 2020

Within Ontario, it is estimated that as much as 10% of the population owns or has access to a cottage. This research, in partnership with the Federation of Ontario Cottagers’ Associations (FOCA), aims to change the conversation about waterfront property owners (WPO) from “tourists” to partners in rural economic development in Eastern Ontario. This study is using a multifaceted approach, which includes an online survey of WPO in Eastern Ontario to identify challenges and opportunities for working remotely or permanently relocating to, the cottage; key informant interviews with several individuals who have made the move to work remotely from their cottage or to permanently relocate and open a business in their rural communities. The last phase of the project aims to connect with the Eastern Ontario economic development community to share the findings of study and to determine how municipalities are engaging WPO in economic development strategies.
Aquaponics for Sustainability and Food Security in Rural Ontario
Authors: Mashiur Rahman
Published: March 2020

Worldwide, aquaculture is important for food security and nutrition (FAO, 2015). In Ontario, the aquaculture sub-sector is relatively small and dispersed (OMAFRA, 2015). Understanding the context, stakeholders and prospective actors are essential within this sub-sector. This requires 1) the identifying key stakeholders; 2) establishing the groundwork for the industry including capturing investment and development opportunities, and 3) establishing the foundation for a knowledge transfer network in relation to education and extension of potential aquaculture. Emphasis is placed on using an innovation brokerage model that involves diverse stakeholders (Klerkx et al., 2010). Ontario aquaculture is dominated by a small number of large farms. However, there are also organic aquaponics farms currently are a small sub-section of producers. Among this group of producers, there are op opportunities to grow businesses with capacity building and knowledge sharing. Therefore, my research goal is to use an innovative systems approach to identify, map and analyze the actor within Ontario’s aquaponic production and value chains in order to determine the needs of small and medium producers, including attention to the knowledge of science, capacity building, and networking potential. I intend to develop a methodology for collaboration and capacity building in order to support the achievement of socio-cultural and economic benefits of aquaponics in rural Ontario.
What do Farmers Think about Food Value Chains?: A Phenomenological Study of Farmers in Southern Ontario
Authors: Monika Korzun
Published: March 2020

Many claim the industrial food system has complicated the supply chain, adding a large variety of actors, such as wholesalers and distributors that result in weaker local food systems. Direct marketing has often been promoted as the best alternative. Although direct marketing is a good option for some, many farmers find it cumbersome as it is time consuming and drains resources in return for profits that are not guaranteed. Food value chains (FVCs) provide farmers with a third option. FVCs are a potential response to the increasing demand for differentiated food including food that is sourced locally, food that provides fair compensation to farmers and promotes environmental and social improvements. FVCs have been steadily increasing in Southern Ontario. Online distribution channels, food box programs, online meal kits, small and alternative retails and mobile markets have sprouted to meet the demand of local food while handling high volumes of quality food and aiming to build local food systems. Although some research has been done to demonstrate the benefits of FVCs on consumer satisfaction and on farmers economically, little qualitative research examining the motivations, opportunities and challenges of farmers participating in FVCs have been recorded. Utilizing phenomenology, in-depth interviews with farmers will identify reasons for participating in FVCs, their perceptions of opportunities and challenges as well as their opinions about FVCs generating social and environmental benefits of developing strong local food systems.
Analysis of Settlement Experiences of Syrian Families in the Canadian Context
Authors: Rana Telfah
Published: March 2020

This presentation will provide an overview of the movement of Syrian Refugees into Rural and Small-Town Ontario. It will identify specific challenges that refugees face and it will identify some of the positives and negatives associated with community sponsorship. The profile of Syrian refugees shows that they will face barriers to resettlement and integration in host communities. Literature suggests that refugees experience a difficult time entering the labor market upon arrival to Canada (Government of Canada, 2016; Lamba, 2003; Yu, Oulette & Warmington, 2007). In addition, most Syrian women also lack the proper education in their first language and also lack work experience. Changes in immigration policy have reduced government funds to settlement supports, and this negatively affects refugee settlement (Bauder & Shields, 2015). Objectives: What are the impacts of Syrian family size, age of children, and gender relations on the outcomes of Syrian refugee families. What are the key factors that determine the capacity of a community to attract and retain refugees, what service supports need to be in place for all members of refugee families.
Nilai Kearifan Lokal pada Implementasi Komunikasi Antarbudaya terhadap dalam Tradisi Perang Topat di Lingsar Lombok Barat
Authors: Acim Subhan Abdullah , Yaqinah Siti Nurul
Published: March 2020

The tradition of Topat War is one of Lombok's very valuable cultural assets that is held annually. Not only that this tradition have deep meaning to people in Lombok, it is also Topat Warevidence of the Lombok people's spirit to the preserve their culture.. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the process of implementing the values of local wisdom in the tradition of Topat War in Lingsar and the implementation of intercultural communication in the tradition of Topat War. In this study, a descriptive-qualitative method is applied to analyze data obtained through interviews, observations and documentation.. Findings reveal that the process of implementing the values of local wisdom in the Topat War tradition is carried out in several stages which include preparation, preliminary ceremonies and the peak of the Topat War event which coincides with the Sasak Calendar, where activities begin in the morning, ending with the Beteteh ceremony which is the closing of the whole series of events. The values of local wisdom contained in the Topat War tradition, including the value of togetherness, the value of tolerance and religious values. The implementation of intercultural communication in the Topat War tradition is done through group communication both verbally and nonverbally. Forms of verbal communication are manifested in the form of deliberation and interpersonal communication while non-verbal communication is manifested in forms such as dance, performance, prayer and throwing each other topats. This intercultural communication serves as a binding mechanism among all parties involved in the Topat War tradition. Keywords:  Intercultural Communication, Local Wisdom Values, and Perang Topat.
Incidence of Toxoplasmosis in Psoriasis Patients and Possible Correlation with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
Authors: Saheb Entsar J. , Al-Issa Yasser A.H , Mussa Israa Salim , Zghair Khawla H.
Published: March 2020

Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic parasite in immune-compromised persons. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis in psoriasis patients is investigated. In addition, the treatment effect on psoriasis patients infected with toxoplasmosis through evaluating Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) cytokine levels is studied. Blood samples were collected from 130 individuals who involved 60 control samples and 70 samples with psoriasis. They attended Medical City Hospital in Baghdad province from October 2017 - February 2018. Then, the anti- T. gondii antibodies (IgM and IgG) and TNF- α in the sera were determined via the enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay. The highest rate of anti-Toxoplasma IgG was in psoriasis patients before treatment, it was 45 (64.29%) compared with the control which was 33 (55.00%), while the highest sero-positive rate of T. gondii IgM in the control group was 14 (23.33%) compared with patients with psoriasis 10 (14.29%). The highest rate of toxoplasmosis was in the age group (21-30) years in psoriasis patients which was 14 (31.82%). In addition, the TNF- α levels in psoriatic patients before treatment were 180.2±2.2 µg/ml, and after treatment were 223.3±41.1 µg/ml compared with the healthy control group 90.5±1.9 µg/ml. These findings suggest that incidental rate of toxoplasmosis is higher in psoriasis patients. Thus, the incidental rate of toxoplasmosis could be considered as an indication to the high risk of psoriasis.
Identification of Cladosporium sp. Fungi by in- silico RFLP-PCR
Authors: Khalil Mohammad Ibrahim
Published: March 2020

Cladosporium sp. plays an important role in human health, it is one of the pathogenic fungi which cause allergy and asthma and most frequently isolated from airborne spores.  In this study, a couple of universal PCR primers were designed to identify the pathogenic fungi Cladosporium sp. according to conserved region 5.8S, 18S and 28S subunit ribosomal RNA gene in Cladosporium species. In silico RFLP-PCR were used to identify twenty-four Cladosporium strains. The results showed that the universal primer has the specificity to amplify the conserved region in 24 species as a band in virtual agarose gel. They also showed that the RFLP method is able to identify three Cladosporium species by specific and unique restriction enzymes for each one. These species are Cl. halotorenas by the two unique enzymes BsaXI and MobII, the other species is Cl. colrandse by two enzymes BccI and BtsCI, while the third species is Cl. aciculare by one enzyme BceAI. Each enzyme forms two bands in virtual agarose gel as a results of cutting the DNA by the enzyme, where the rest twenty – two species share more than one restriction enzymes. This method is active and rapid for identifying Cladosporium genus and three species by computational bases methods before applying it in the lab for more accuracy, efficiency, and specificity of designed primer to get good results in a short time.
Synthesis of Six and Seven-membered Heterocyclic Molecules Containing an Adamantyl Fragment and an X-ray Crystal Structure of (E)-N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(3-nitrophenyl)methanimine
Authors: Shukkur Ahmed
Published: March 2020

Our work included a synthesis of three new imine derivatives—1,3-thiazinan-4-one, 1,3-oxazinan-6-one and 1,3-oxazepin-4,7-dione—which contained an adamantyl fragment. These were produced via the condensation of the Schiff`s base (E)-N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(3-aryl)methanimine with 3-mercaptopropanoic acid; 3-chloropropanoic acid; and maleic, citraconic anhydride, respectively. These new imines were prepared via the condensation of adamantan-1-ylamine and 3-nitro-, 3-bromobenzaldehyde in n-BuOH. We obtained a good yield of products. FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and C.H.N.S analysis were used to diagnostic the products. The molecular structure of (E)-N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(3-nitrophenyl)methanimine was confirmed by X-ray crystallography analysis.
Representaion of Algebraic Integers as Sum of Units over the Real Quadratic Fields
Authors: Baddai Saad abood
Published: March 2020

In this paper we generalize Jacobsons results by proving that any integer  in   is a square-free integer), belong to . All units of  are generated by the fundamental unit  having the forms

Our generalization build on using the conditions

This leads us to classify the real quadratic fields  into the sets  Jacobsons results shows that  and Sliwa confirm that  and  are the only real quadratic fields in .
Solutions and Recent Challenges Related to Energy in Wireless Body Area Networks with Integrated Technologies: Applications and Perspectives
Authors: S.aldeen Yousra abdul alsahib , Qureshi Kashif Naseer
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we have investigated some of the most recent energy efficient routing protocols for wireless body area networks. This technology has seen advancements in recent times where wireless sensors are injected in the human body to sense and measure body parameters like temperature, heartbeat and glucose level. These tiny wireless sensors gather body data information and send it over a wireless network to the base station. The data measurements are examined by the doctor or   physician and the suitable cure is suggested. The whole communication is done through routing protocols in a network environment. Routing protocol consumes energy while helping non-stop communication in a wireless environment. Because of the very tiny size, energy consumption matters a lot. We have focused on the protocols, which provide energy efficiency and improve network lifetime, through put and minimal path loss. We will be discussing some of the most recent energy efficient routing protocols in this paper; later their comparison with an appropriate table is presented. In addition, recent challenges, possible application and perspectives are discussed.
Software Defined Network of Video Surveillance System Based on Enhanced Routing Algorithms
Authors: Salman et al. Mustafa I.
Published: March 2020

Software Defined Network (SDN) is a new technology that separate the ‎control plane from the data plane. SDN provides a choice in automation and ‎programmability faster than traditional network. It supports the ‎Quality of Service (QoS) for video surveillance application. One of most ‎significant issues in video surveillance is how to find the best path for routing the packets ‎between the source (IP cameras) and destination (monitoring center). The ‎video surveillance system requires fast transmission and reliable delivery ‎and high QoS. To improve the QoS and to achieve the optimal path, the ‎SDN architecture is used in this paper. In addition, different routing algorithms are ‎used with different steps. First, we evaluate the video transmission over the SDN with ‎Bellman Ford algorithm. Then, because the limitation of Bellman ford ‎algorithm, the Dijkstra algorithm is used to change the path when a congestion occurs. Furthermore, the Dijkstra algorithm is used with two ‎controllers to reduce the time consumed by the SDN controller. ‎ POX and Pyretic SDN controllers are used such that POX controller is ‎responsible for the network monitoring, while Pyretic controller is responsible for the ‎routing algorithm and path selection. Finally, a modified Dijkstra algorithm is further proposed and evaluated with two ‎controllers to enhance the performance.  The results show that the modified Dijkstra algorithm outperformed the other approaches in the aspect of QoS parameters.
The clinical significance of IL-6s and IL-27s in Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Zhao Jie , Li Yuyun , Zhang Wen
Published: March 2020

Backgrounds: IL-6 is associated with the severity of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). But the relationship between IL-27 and MPP was unknown. Methods: 98 patients with MPP who were under 14 years old, were enrolled in this study and divided into mild cases and severe cases, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) single infection group and MP mixed infection group, and low MP DNA loads group and high MP DNA loads group, by severity, infection types and DNA loads respectively. 15 children with foreign bodies for bronchus were also enrolled as control. IL-6s and IL-27s in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) from these children were measured by ELISA. Results: There were significant differences in IL-6s of BALFs from patients between mild cases and severe cases, MP single infection group and MP mixed infection group, and low MP DNA loads group and high MP DNA loads group, respectively (P﹤0.05). Compared with IL-6s of BALFs from control, IL-6 in BALFs from the 5 patient groups were significantly higher (P﹤0.05) except that from low MP DNA loads group. IL-27s in BALFs from MP mixed infection group were significantly lower than those from MP single infection group and control (P﹤0.05) respectively. Conclusion: IL-6 was firmly associated with MPP and had potential application in clinical practice while IL-27 was not related to MP infection.
The difficulties experienced during the preparation and administration of oral drugs by parents at home: a cross-sectional study from Palestine
Authors: Ali Ra'fat , Shadeed Abdullah , Fitian Hasan , Zyoud Sa'ed
Published: March 2020

Background: Failure to properly administer drugs to children at home may cause adverse events, which makes it a challenging job for parents or caregivers. The main goal of this study was to investigate the problems and difficulties that parents or caregivers faced when administering oral drugs to their children at home.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire consisting of ‘yes/no’ and multiple-response questions to assess parents' experiences and problems with administering medication to their children at home. Data was collected from parents who visited primary health care centres in Nablus. Descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the characteristics of the sample.

Results: We interviewed 420 participants. 91.9% of the participants used drugs without prescription from a doctor, and the most commonly used non-prescription medicines were antipyretics (n=386, 100%), influenza drugs (n=142, 36.8%), cough drugs (n=109, 28.2%) and antibiotics (n= 102, 26.4%). The study showed that 21.7% of parents used teaspoon and 7.1% used tablespoon in administering liquid medications to their children. When the children refused taking liquid medications, almost two-thirds of the participants (65.7%) insisted their children take them, 21.5% mixed it with juice, 5.2% mixed it with food and 4.7% mixed it with milk. 12.4% of the participants reported that they gave drugs in doses higher than prescribed by the doctor to treat their children more quickly. Also, our study revealed that 80.5% of the parents gave medications at incorrect intervals.

Conclusions: This study has shown that there is a proportion of caregivers or parents who administer oral drugs to their children wrongly, which may involve giving them at the wrong intervals or doses, using incorrect instruments, or mixing them with food, juice or milk. The development of educational programs that will provide parents with education about medication administration is therefore recommended.
The frequency of reduction loss after arthroscopic fixation of acute acromioclavicular dislocations using a double-button device, and its effect on clinical and radiological results
Authors: Çarkçı Engin , polat ayşe e , Gürpınar Tahsin
Published: March 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of reduction loss of more than 3 mm on clinical and radiological results after at least 2 years of follow-up after arthroscopic fixation of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations using a double-button device.

Methods

Thirty-six patients who had acute (<3 weeks old), type III or V Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations underwent arthroscopic fixation of the AC joint using a double-button device. Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed at preoperative, postoperative first day, 3 months and last follow-up. When the coracoclavicular (CC) distances of patients at the last follow-up were compared to the early postop CC distances, those with a difference of 3 mm or less were grouped as group A and those with a difference of more than 3 mm were grouped as group B.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, follow-up time, time from injury to surgery, return to work, and distribution of Rockwood classification. Pre-operative CC distance was reduced from 18.7 ± 3.5 to 8.5 ± 0.6 in the early postoperative period. Anatomic reduction was achieved in all patients compared with the unaffected side (CC distance 8.6 ± 0.7). However, the CC distance increased to 9.9 ± 1.5 at the third month follow-up and increased to 11 ± 2.7 at the last follow-up. There were no significant Constant score differences between the groups in the preoperative and last follow-up periods (p>0.05). At the last follow-up, the mean Acromioclavicular Joint Instability (ACJI) score of group A was 84.4 ± 8, whereas it was 68.3 ± 8.3 for group B, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). Furthermore, the subjective evaluation and aesthetic subjective satisfaction values of group B were lower than group A (p <0.01).

Conclusions

Reduction loss of more than 3 mm was observed in 25% of patients after arthroscopic fixation of acute acromioclavicular dislocations using a double-button device. Although this loss did not create a statistically significant difference in Constant scores, AC joint-specific tests such as ACJI, subjective evaluation, and aesthetic subjective satisfaction values were significantly impaired.
The toxicity of lithium to human cardiomyocytes
Authors: Shen Junwei , Li Xin , Shi Xiujuan , Wang Wei , Zhou Hua , Wu Jiawen , Wang Xin , Li Jue
Published: March 2020

Background: Lithium is widely used in the electronic consumer market and electric vehicles and has a great contribution in the world economy, resulting in large quantities of lithium waste in the environment. Yangtze River basin is one of the most developed areas in China. However, the environment influence of lithium in the Yangtze River basin and its roles in cardiomyocytes has not yet been clarified.
Results: Here we found that the concentration of lithium in the water environment is very high in Shanghai, as well as in tap water, which might be cause by the pollution of lithium batteries. Lithium inhibits not only cell viability of human cardiomyocytes, but also cell proliferation. Moreover, lithium promotes cell apoptosis of cardiomyocytes significantly. And we found that lithium controls cardiomyocytes' functions through regulating Gsk3β signaling.
Conclusions: This study reveals that the water environment of Shanghai might be polluted by the lithium batteries; and the enrichment of lithium may cause damage to human cardiomyocytes; and it is imperative to detect lithium concentration in the water environments (such as tap water and irrigation water) and effectively recycle lithium batteries in the future.
Multiplex and On-site PCR detection of swine diseases based on the microfluidic chip system
Authors: Jiang Yan , Jiang Shan , Wu Yue , Zhou Bin , Wang Kaiming , Jiang Luyan , Long Yunfeng , Chen Gan , Zeng Dexin
Published: March 2020

Background: At present, the process of inspection and quarantine starts with sampling at the customs port, continues with transporting the samples to the central laboratory for inspection experiments, and ends with the inspected results being fed back to the port. This process takes a rather long time, has the risks of degradation of biological samples and generation of pathogenic microorganisms, and does not meet the rapid on-site detection demand. Therefore, development of a technology for rapid and high-throughput detection of pathogenic microorganisms at the customs port is of great significance. This study was to develop a microfluidic chip to be applied to rapid high-throughput detection for swine disease with higher accuracy and lower risk of spreading pathogenic microorganisms during transportation. Results: PCR technology has the advantages of high accurate and sensitivity in disease detection, clinical testing and food quarantine, so it plays an important role in customs inspection. However, the traditional PCR detection instrument has a large size, is time-consuming and has strict requirements on the experimental environment, which greatly limit its application in on-site testing. In this paper, the positive nucleic acid of four swine diseases were detected by a portable and rapid microfluidic PCR system, which could achieve a on-site real-time quantitative PCR detection. Eight clinical samples were detected together on the microfluidic chip in the system, and the detection results were obtained in about an hour. The detection limit of this microfluidic PCR detection system was as low as 1 copies/μL. The results show that the high sensitivity and specificity of the microfluidic PCR detection system in disease detection will play an important role in customs inspection and quarantine during customs clearance. Conclusion: The microfluidic PCR detection system established in this study could meet the requirements for rapid detection of samples at the customs port The new method can avoid the risky process of transporting the samples from the sampling site to the testing lab, and drastically reducing the inspection cycle, and would enable parallel inspections on one chip which greatly raising the efficiency of inspection.