bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF ZnO, Al2O3, CeO2 NANOPARTICLE-ADDED JULIFLORA BIODIESEL HRF ON RCCI ENGINE’S PERFORMANCE
Authors: MANIVANNAN RAMACHANDRAN , SUBRAMANYAN NEELAKRISHNAN
Published: November 2023

The increase in demand for petroleum fuels attracted the attention of the research community to identify a control measure for petroleum source depletion. On the other hand, the heavy usage and burning of petroleum products cause environmental pollutants like oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, etc. Therefore, it is important to control all the problems caused by the increasing use of petroleum products, such as diesel, petrol, Kerosene, fuel oil, etc. This investigation aims to reduce the usage of fossil-based petroleum diesel by producing an effective substitute bio-diesel from Juliflora seeds, which exhibit similar properties to diesel. Furthermore, the operational and emission behaviors of the biodiesel in the Reactive Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) engine are analyzed by including nanoadditives such as ZnO, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, the obtained performance and emission results are optimized using a hybrid deep neural network (DNN) using the Aquila optimization algorithm (AOA). The algorithm chooses the diesel-biodiesel blend with 75 ppm of alumina nanoparticle as the optimum blend. This considered blend provided better performance and emission results at 72.86% loading condition. The obtained results are 28.19% for brake thermal efficiency (BTE), 446.14 g/kWh for brake-specific fuel consumption, 0.105% for carbon monoxide emission, 19.82 ppm of unburnt hydrocarbon, 457 ppm of NO[Formula: see text] emission and 21.98% of smoke emission.
Bouncing cosmology in Chern–Simons f(R) gravity
Authors: Malik Adnan , Asghar Zoya , Alkhaldi Ali H. , Shamir M. Farasat
Published: November 2023

This paper is devoted to study FRW universe in the context of Chern–Simons corrected [Formula: see text] gravity. In particular, the work provides the investigation of cosmological dynamics within modified gravity by assuming a suitable Hubble parameter that might result in a realistic bouncing universe. For this purpose, we consider a suitable Hubble parameter and examine the bouncing cosmology by assuming a well-known [Formula: see text] gravity model. Further, we explore the behavior of energy density and pressure profiles by employing the chosen Hubble parameter. We obtain positive and increasing trends of energy density during the bouncing phase while the negative behavior of pressure in our work could potentially be associated with cosmic expansion. We have also studied the energy conditions and in our case NEC is not violated perhaps due to the reason that the equation of state parameter is not crossing the phantom divide. However, the SEC is violated justifying a successful bounce. Moreover, the validation of DEC and TEC suggests that the chosen model is well behaved in nature. The Hubble parameter passing through the bouncing point shows an increasing trend, indicating an expansion phase after the bounce. The equation of state parameter is negative after the bouncing spot, particularly around [Formula: see text]. This behavior justifies the current cosmic expansion. The deceleration parameter exhibits a negative behavior implies that the cosmological model demonstrates cosmic expansion. Thus all the results validate the existence of a bouncing universe with the chosen model in Chern–Simons corrected [Formula: see text] gravity.
Solutions of Maxwell equations for admissible electromagnetic fields, in spaces with simply transitive four-parameter groups of motions
Authors: Obukhov V. V. , Chervon S. V. , Kartashov D. V.
Published: November 2023

All non-equivalent solutions of vacuum Maxwell equations are found for the case when space-time manifolds admit simply transitive four-parameter groups of motions [Formula: see text]. The potentials of the admissible electromagnetic fields admit the existence of the algebra of motion integrals of the Hamilton–Jacobi and Klein–Gordon–Fock equations which is isomorphic to the algebra of the group operators for the same group [Formula: see text].
Mechanics of geodesics in information geometry and black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Chanda Sumanto , Wada Tatsuaki
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we shall discuss the theory of geodesics in information geometry, and an application in astrophysics. We will study how gradient flows in information geometry describe geodesics, explore the related mechanics by introducing a constraint, and apply our theory to Gaussian model and black hole thermodynamics. Thus, we demonstrate how deformation of gradient flows leads to more general Randers–Finsler metrics, describe Hamiltonian mechanics that derive from a constraint, and prove duality via canonical transformation. We also verified our theories for a deformation of the Gaussian model, and described dynamical evolution of flat metrics for Kerr and Reissner–Nordström black holes.
Fractures and faults across intrusion-induced forced folds: a georesource perspective
Authors: Magee Craig
Published: November 2023

Intruding magma can create space by uplift and elastic bending of the overburden, which locally fractures the deforming volume and produces flat-topped or dome-like forced folds. Here, I map such fracture networks and quantify their geometry and connectivity across a range of natural and modelled intrusion-induced forced folds. I show that there is a positive relationship between forced fold length and amplitude, and all fracture networks comprise traces, with variable lengths and orientations, that are more intense and denser where fold curvature is greatest. Fracture length populations are typically best described by power-law distributions, but some fit better to log-normal or exponential distributions. Connectivity of fracture networks is low and generally increases with folding, but resurfacing by eruptive products can disrupt this trend. My work supports previous analyses of forced folds and fractures, suggesting that we can use the fracture characteristics of exposed forced folds to predict that of buried forced folds. Due to their geometry and fracture network, intrusion-induced forced folds make ideal fluid traps. As these forced folds are common in many volcanic settings and sedimentary basins, we should consider their potential as exploration targets for water, magmatic-related mineral and metal deposits, and particularly CO
2
storage.
DINC: Toward Distributed In-Network Computing
Authors: Zheng Changgang , Tang Haoyue , Zang Mingyuan , Hong Xinpeng , Feng Aosong , Tassiulas Leandros , Zilberman Noa
Published: November 2023

In-network computing provides significant performance benefits, load reduction, and power savings. Still, an in-network service's functionality is strictly limited to a single hardware device. Research has focused on enabling on-device functionality, with limited consideration to distributed in-network computing. This paper explores the applicability of distributed computing to in-network computing. We present DINC, a framework enabling distributed in-network computing, generating deployment strategies, overcoming resource constraints and providing functionality guarantees across a network. It uses multi-objective optimization to provide a deployment strategy, slicing P4 programs accordingly. DINC was evaluated using seven different workloads on both data center and wide-area network topologies, demonstrating feasibility and scalability, providing efficient distribution plans within seconds.
Empowerment of Atypical Viewers via Low-Effort Personalized Modeling of Video Streaming Quality
Authors: Peroni Leonardo , Gorinsky Sergey , Tashtarian Farzad , Timmerer Christian
Published: November 2023

Quality of Experience (QoE) and QoE models are of an increasing importance to networked systems. The traditional QoE modeling for video streaming applications builds a one-size-fits-all QoE model that underserves atypical viewers who perceive QoE differently. To address the problem of atypical viewers, this paper proposes iQoE (individualized QoE), a method that employs explicit, expressible, and actionable feedback from a viewer to construct a personalized QoE model for this viewer. The iterative iQoE design exercises active learning and combines a novel sampler with a modeler. The chief emphasis of our paper is on making iQoE sample-efficient and accurate. By leveraging the Microworkers crowdsourcing platform, we conduct studies with 120 subjects who provide 14,400 individual scores. According to the subjective studies, a session of about 22 minutes empowers a viewer to construct a personalized QoE model that, compared to the best of the 10 baseline models, delivers the average accuracy improvement of at least 42% for all viewers and at least 85% for the atypical viewers. The large-scale simulations based on a new technique of synthetic profiling expand the evaluation scope by exploring iQoE design choices, parameter sensitivity, and generalizability.
Exploring the Benefits of Carbon-Aware Routing
Authors: El-Zahr Sawsan , Gunning Paul , Zilberman Noa
Published: November 2023

Carbon emissions associated with fixed networks can be significant. However, accounting for these emissions is hard, requires changes to deployed equipment, and has contentious benefits. This work sheds light on the benefits of carbon aware networks, by exploring a set of potential carbon-related metrics and their use to define link-cost in carbon-aware link-state routing algorithms. Using realistic network topologies, traffic patterns and grid carbon intensity, we identify useful metrics and limitations to carbon emissions reduction. Consequently, a new heuristic carbon-aware traffic engineering algorithm, CATE, is proposed. CATE takes advantage of carbon intensity and routers' dynamic power consumption, combined with ports power down, to minimize carbon emissions. Our results show that there is no silver bullet to significant carbon reductions, yet there are promising directions without changes to existing routers' hardware.
Deformation and Breakup of Bubbles and Drops in Turbulence
Authors: Ni Rui
Published: November 2023

Fragmentation of bubbles and droplets in turbulence produces a dispersed phase spanning a broad range of scales, encompassing everything from droplets in nanoemulsions to centimeter-sized bubbles entrained in breaking waves. Along with deformation, fragmentation plays a crucial role in enhancing interfacial area, with far-reaching implications across various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and ocean engineering. However, understanding and modeling these processes are challenging due to the complexity of anisotropic and inhomogeneous turbulence typically involved, the unknown residence time in regions with different turbulence intensities, and difficulties arising from the density and viscosity ratios. Despite these challenges, recent advances have provided new insights into the underlying physics of deformation and fragmentation in turbulence. This review summarizes existing works in various fields, highlighting key results and uncertainties, and examining the impact on turbulence modulation, drag reduction, and heat and mass transfer.
Reinvented: An Attosecond Chemist
Authors: Leone Stephen R.
Published: November 2023

Attosecond science requires a substantial rethinking of how to make measurements on very short timescales; how to acquire the necessary equipment, technology, and personnel; and how to build a set of laboratories for such experiments. This entails a rejuvenation of the author in many respects, in the laboratory itself, with regard to students and postdocs, and in generating funding for research. It also brings up questions of what it means to do attosecond science, and the discovery of the power of X-ray spectroscopy itself, which complements the short timescales addressed. The lessons learned, expressed in the meanderings of this autobiographical article, may be of benefit to others who try to reinvent themselves.
Global Economic Sanctions
Authors: Drezner Daniel W.
Published: November 2023

The growth in economic sanctions has been matched by a surge in scholarly research. This article reviews the current state of scholarship on economic sanctions to see where the literature has advanced since Baldwin's Economic Statecraft—and where there is need for further research. Over the past few decades, sanctions scholarship has made its greatest strides in investigating the effects and effectiveness of economic coercion attempts. This vein of research suggests that economic coercion is more effective than previously believed—but at the same time, the policy externalities of sanctions are far greater than previously understood. There remain many fruitful areas of research. Scholars need to consider how to better measure the deterrent effects of economic sanctions over time. Claims that there are different national styles of economic statecraft need to be tested to determine whether these styles are enduring or ephemeral. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, international relations scholars need to consider the systemic implications of increased sanctioning behavior. Scholars need to assess when and how sanctions affect the broader global political economy.
Design Optimization of Feeding Networks with a Special Size for Self-Interference Cancellation
Authors: Huang Xiaotian , Sun Baohua , Sun Li , Zhang Rui , Niu Wei , Niu Ruize
Published: November 2023

This letter introduces an effective self-interference cancellation (SIC) for improving isolation between transmit (Tx) ports and receive (Rx) ports of an in-band full-duplex antenna with feeding networks (FNs). A significant isolation improvement is realized by replacing the traditional FNs of the antenna with SICFNs. The coupling between Tx and Rx ports is canceled in the FNs due to the specific power ratios and phase difference. Though a Python optimization procedure, the optimal values of the key parameters of the SIC FNs can be determined. To validate the proposed SIC technique, the prototype consisting of two four-element antenna arrays and four SICFNs designed with the technique is fabricated. The results of measurements performed in an anechoic chamber show an isolation improvement of 15 dB at 3.6 GHz, while only 0.3 dB gain loss for the antenna array as a sacrifice is observed.
Systematic Analysis of Rotated Dual-Split Elliptical SRR with Band-Stop Characteristics
Authors: Ghosh Swarnadipto , Saha Dipankar , Chakraborty Ayona , Chakraborty Samik , Gupta Bhaskar
Published: November 2023

In this research article, a novel double-split elliptical split ring resonator (DS-ESRR) is proposed to achieve frequency-notching behavior of ultrawideband filtenna, where the semimajor and minor axes of the ellipse are taken as a bivariate random variable and expressed in Ramanujan’s correction coefficient so that more degree of freedom is available for choosing degenerated impedance and thus for variable frequency-notching applications. To verify this hypothetical method, finite sets of variables for DS-ESRR are presented in this proposed work, and a mathematical expression is formulated to estimate the resonant frequency of the DS-ESRR, such that for practical applications, frequency-notching parameters can be easily estimated accurately rather than previously used SRR like circular or square-shaped geometry. DS-ESRR is deployed at the back of a CPW-fed ultrawideband antenna for notching filter application, and the computed data is compared with the eigen mode simulation results which reveal good agreement with each other.
Drift–Diffusion Simulation of Intermediate Band Solar Cell: Effect of Intermediate Band Continuity Constraint
Authors: Shiba Kodai , Okada Yoshitaka , Sogabe Tomah
Published: November 2023

Self-consistent drift–diffusion model has been widely employed to simulate the device performance of intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) under practical device configuration. However, one of the remained issues in the drift–diffusion modeled-based works is the difficulty to reach the IB carrier continuity through the self-consistent manner. In most of the previous reports the constraints were relaxed or just partially satisfied; which render the unreliable performance results and misguide the device design strategy. In this work, in order to solve this issue and to validate our results, we performed extensive simulations to fully disclose the significant effect of the IB continuity constraints by taking InAs/GaAs quantum dot-based IBSC as a model device using the semiconductor modules in COMSOL Multiphysics combined with the Fortran codes. We found that under rigorous satisfaction of IB continuity constraint, the band potential profiles for the IBSC with either doped or nondoped IB under various light illumination conditions are nearly identical to those under the dark conditions. Moreover, from the simulated current–voltage curve dependence on the light concentration ratio, we found the device performance based on drift–diffusion under rigorous IB continuity constraint showed similar tendency to the features simulated based on detailed balance principle except the much-lowered power conversion efficiency. Our work demonstrated here, serves as an accurate and reliable IBSC device design approach toward better IB material screening, efficiency improvement, optical management, and extended application in the emerging field such as the perovskite material-based IBSC.
Phytochemical Analysis, In Vitro Free Radical Scavenging, and LDL Protective Effects of Different Solvent Fractions of Calotropis procera (R.) Br. Root Bark Extract
Authors: Kyada Ashishkumar , Rahamathulla Mohamed , Santani Devdas , Vadia Nasir , Baldaniya Lalji , Rana Mehul , Muqtader Ahmed Mohammed , Farhana Syeda Ayesha , Pasha Ismail
Published: November 2023

In the present study, the methanolic extract of Calotropis procera root bark was subjected to solvent-solvent partitioning using n-hexane fraction (HF), dichloromethane fraction (DMF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and methanol fraction (MF). The resultant fractions were tested for antioxidant activity using in vitro radical scavenging assay. Preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of varying proportions of secondary metabolites in solvent fractions such as glycosides, flavonoids, triterpenoids, sterols, and polyphenolic compounds. The total phenolic content of EAF was 25.7 ± 3.12 mg TAE/g followed by 19.05 ± 3.29 mg TAE/g in DMF. The total flavonoid content was 13.69 ± 1.74 mg QUE/g in DMF and 11.4 ± 1.88 mg QUE/g in EAF. The EAF showed significant radical-scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, IC50  = 369.87 μg/mL), nitric oxide (IC50  = 317.46 μg/mL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 , IC50  = 396.85 μg/mL), and hydroxyl radicals (IC50  = 195.39 μg/mL). DMF was most effective in scavenging superoxide radicals (IC50 = 679.60 μg/mL), while greater metal chelating activity was exhibited by MF (IC50 = 614.73 μg/mL). Moreover, the total antioxidant activity for EAF was found to be 94.14 ± 9.114 mg AAE followed by DMF (68.10 ± 8.78 mg AAE). EAF also significantly reduced the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in a dose-dependent manner in CuSO4. The observed antioxidant effect might be attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites. Subsequent GC-MS analysis of EAF confirmed the presence of lupeol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and ursolic acid. The current investigation reveals that the high polyphenolic and antioxidant pentacyclic triterpenes in EAF of C. procera root bark methanol extract correlates with its good antioxidant activity and can provide protection against free radicals-induced damage in a variety of chronic health conditions.
Effects of Dietary Fishmeal Replacement with Soybean Meal on Growth Performance, Digestion, Hepatic Metabolism, Antioxidant Capacity, and Innate Immunity of Juvenile Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Wang Yuntao , Wang Zhen , Zhang Zhou , Tang Yuhang , He Yuliang , Mai Kangsen , Ai Qinghui
Published: November 2023

A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of the replacement of fishmeal (FM) by soybean meal (SM) in diets on growth performance, digestion, hepatic metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and innate immunity of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Four iso-lipidic and iso-nitrogenous diets replacing 0, 15, 30, and 45 FM protein by SM protein were formulated, named FM, SM15, SM30, and SM45, respectively. Results indicated that the specific growth rate (FM = 1.55, SM15 = 1.50, SM30 = 1.48, and SM45 = 1.34%) of fish showed a significant linear trend (

P
<
0.05

). With increasing dietary SM, the activity of trypsin (262.02, 179.34, 144.41, and 123.92 U/mg·prot) significantly decreased (linear trend,

P
<
0.05

). The content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a significant linear trend and quadratic trend, and the maximum was observed in fish fed the diet with 45% protein from SM (

P
<
0.05

). The mRNA expression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (m-tor) and ribosomal protein S6 (rps6) showed a significant linear trend (

P
<
0.05

). The content of malondialdehyde (81.82, 92.91, 79.64, and 126.45 nmol/mg·prot) showed a significant linear trend and quadratic trend; the minimum was observed in fish fed the diet with 30% protein from SM (

P
<
0.05

). The activity of acid phosphatase (328.45, 300.08, 254.03, and 223.51 U/mg·prot) significantly decreased with increasing dietary SM substitution levels (linear trend,

P
<
0.05

). A significant quadratic trend was observed in the mRNA expression of interferon-γ and interleukin-1β, while the maximum was observed in fish fed the diet with 45% protein from SM (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the replacement of FM by SM in diets can decrease the growth performance, digestion, antioxidant capacity, and innate immunity and affect the hepatic metabolism of juvenile large yellow croaker. The minimum negative effect was obtained when 30% of FM was replaced by SM.
One Mutation to Rule Them All: Mutant KRAS Controls Tumor Intrinsic and Microenvironment Signaling
Authors: Müller Sören , Krishnamurty Akshay T.
Published: November 2023

In a recent study published in Cancer Discovery, Hsu and colleagues employ an elegant combination of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing experiments from mouse and human colorectal cancer samples, patient-derived organoids, two-dimensional in vitro systems, and in vivo validation in genetically engineered colorectal cancer mouse models to investigate how mutant KRAS (KRAS*) impacts the tumor microenvironment. They identify a molecular signaling cascade downstream of KRAS* that activates a specific program of lipid-rich cancer-associated fibroblasts, promoting tumor angiogenesis and progression. These findings may lead to new therapeutic strategies for patients with colorectal cancer with KRAS*.
Evaluating the Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Health-Related Quality of Life Disparities in Patients with Esophageal Cancer: A SEER-MHOS National Database Study
Authors: Wu Trudy C. , Farrell Matthew J. , Karimi-Mostowfi Nicki , Chaballout Basil H. , Akingbemi Wisdom O. , Grogan Tristan R. , Raldow Ann C.
Published: November 2023

Background:

It is unclear whether health-related quality of life (HRQOL) disparities exist between racial/ethnic groups in older patients with esophageal cancer, pre- and post-diagnosis.

Methods:

Using the SEER-MHOS (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Medicare Health Outcomes Survey) national database, we included patients ages 65-years-old or greater with esophageal cancer diagnosed from 1996 to 2017. HRQOL data within 36 months before and after diagnosis were measured by the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores from the SF-36 and VR-12 instruments. Total combined score (TCS) was reflected by both PCS and MCS.

Results:

We identified 1,312 patients, with evaluable data on 873 patients pre-diagnosis and 439 post-diagnosis. On pre-diagnosis cohort MVA, the MCS was better for White over Hispanic patients (54.1 vs. 48.6, P = 0.012). On post-diagnosis cohort MVA, PCS was better for Hispanic compared with White (39.8 vs. 34.5, P = 0.036) patients, MCS was better for Asian compared with White (48.9 vs. 40.9, P = 0.034) patients, and TCS better for Asian compared with White (92.6 vs. 76.7, P = 0.003) patients.

Conclusions:

In older patients with esophageal cancer, White patients had better mental HRQOL as compared with Hispanic patients pre-diagnosis. However, post-diagnosis, White patients had worse mental and physical HRQOL compared with Asian and Hispanic patients, respectively, suggesting a greater negative impact on self-reported HRQOL in White patients with esophageal cancer.

Impact:

To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore HRQOL differences in patients with esophageal cancer of various racial and ethnic groups and warrants further validation in future studies.
Targeting Dysregulated Ion Channels in Liver Tumors with Venom Peptides
Authors: Achimba Favour , Faezov Bulat , Cohen Brandon , Dunbrack Roland , Holford Mandë
Published: November 2023

The regulation of cellular processes by ion channels has become central to the study of cancer mechanisms. Designing molecules that can modify ion channels specific to tumor cells is a promising area of targeted drug delivery and therapy. Despite their potential in drug discovery, venom peptides—a group of natural products—have largely remained understudied and under-characterized. In general, venom peptides display high specificity and selectivity for their target ion channels. Therefore, they may represent an effective strategy for selectively targeting the dysregulation of ion channels in tumor cells. This review examines existing venom peptide therapies for different cancer types and focuses on the application of snail venom peptides in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of primary liver cancer worldwide. We provide insights into the mode of action of venom peptides that have been shown to target tumors. We also explore the benefit of using new computational methods like de novo protein structure prediction to screen venom peptides and identify potential druggable candidates. Finally, we summarize the role of cell culture, animal, and organoid models in developing effective therapies against HCC and highlight the need for creating models that represent the most disproportionately affected ethnicities in HCC.
Circulating Oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate as a Potential Biomarker for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) Mutant Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lee Cha Len , O'Kane Grainne M. , Mason Warren P. , Zhang Wen-Jiang , Spiliopoulou Pavlina , Hansen Aaron R. , Grant Robert C. , Knox Jennifer J. , Stockley Tracy L. , Zadeh Gelareh , Chen Eric X.
Published: November 2023

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes catalyze the decarboxylation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG). IDH1/2 mutations preferentially convert αKG to R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R2HG), resulting in R2HG accumulation in tumor tissues. We investigated circulating 2-hydroxyglutate (2HG) as potential biomarkers for patients with IDH-mutant (IDHmt) cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

R2HG and S-2-hydroxyglutarate (S2HG) levels in blood and tumor tissues were analyzed in a discovery cohort of patients with IDHmt glioma and CCA. Results were validated in cohorts of patients with CCA and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

The R2HG/S2HG ratio (rRS) was significantly elevated in tumor tissues, but not in blood for patients with IDHmt glioma, while circulating rRS was elevated in patients with IDHmt CCA. There were overlap distributions of circulating R2HG and total 2HG in patients with both IDHmt and wild-type (IDHwt) CCA, while there was minimal overlap in rRS values between patients with IDHmt and IDHwt CCA. Using the rRS cut-off value of 1.5, the sensitivity of rRS was 90% and specificity was 96.8%.

Circulating rRS is significantly increased in patients with IDHmt CCA compare with patients with IDHwt CCA. Circulating rRS is a sensitive and specific surrogate biomarker for IDH1/2 mutations in CCA. It can potentially be used as a tool for monitoring IDH-targeted therapy.
TABLE 4 from Physical Activity During Adolescence and Early-adulthood and Ovarian Cancer Among Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation
Authors: Guyonnet Emma , Kim Shana J. , Xia Yue Yin , Giannakeas Vasily , Lubinski Jan , Randall Armel Susan , Eisen Andrea , Bordeleau Louise , Eng Charis , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Tung Nadine , Foulkes William D. , Couch Fergus J. , Aeilts Amber M. , Narod Steven A. , Kotsopoulos Joanne
Published: November 2023

Association between total physical activity (in MET-hours/week) and ovarian cancer among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation
Estranho retrato de uma família irreconhecível: mutabilidade, fotografia e memória num poema de Carlos Drummond de Andrade
Authors: Rabelo Adriano de Paula
Published: November 2023

O poema “Retrato de família”, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, condensa questões filosóficas acerca da mobilidade de todas as coisas, refletindo também sobre problemas relacionados à fotografia e à memória. A consciência da fluidez do universo em contraste com a suposta fixidez da imagem capturada pela câmera provoca todo um incômodo no observador, o que será o assunto do texto. Este artigo faz uma análise cerrada do poema, correlacionando-o com reflexões de pensadores e estudiosos que trataram dos temas que o poeta brasileiro retoma e sintetiza.
Moldura e imagem dialética em “Uma faca só lâmina”
Authors: Cardenas Lucas Vinicius Vebber
Published: November 2023

O artigo realiza uma análise do poema Uma faca só lâmina (ou: serventia das ideias fixas), de João Cabral de Melo Neto, tendo em vista a dialética instaurada pelo processo de emolduramento poético. A partir da composição de suas partes inicial e final, identifica como esse aspecto é parte fundamental da problematização metapoética encenada no poema, em que a relação entre real e linguagem é tensionada. O trabalho identifica uma dinâmica de imagem dialética, como proposta por Georges Didi-Huberman, em que a projeção da memória sobre o corpo é o movimento central do poema.
Performance e testemunho: linguagem, corpo e memória em "Um corpo à deriva", de Edimilson de Almeida Pereira
Authors: Oliveira Inês
Published: November 2023

O trabalho investiga as relações entre performance e testemunho na obra Um corpo à deriva (2020), de Edimilson de Almeida Pereira. Ao tematizar a relação entre os personagens negros e a história de seu país, o romance aborda a necessidade de elaboração de uma linguagem capaz de produzir um lugar subjetivo para os personagens, e a experiência do corpo, que aparece tanto enquanto receptáculo dos discursos dominantes, quanto como o espaço de sua reelaboração e transformação, e podem, assim, ser aproximadas da ideia de performance. A partir especialmente das reflexões de Walter Benjamin, Homi Bhabha, Adorno e Paul Zumthor, o presente trabalho pretende analisar o livro Um corpo à deriva ressaltando a sua dimensão performativa no que tange a sua relação entre memória, corpo e linguagem.
Critical Care Management of Patients After Cardiac Arrest: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and Neurocritical Care Society
Authors: Hirsch Karen G. , Abella Benjamin S. , Amorim Edilberto , Bader Mary Kay , Barletta Jeffrey F. , Berg Katherine , Callaway Clifton W. , Friberg Hans , Gilmore Emily J. , Greer David M. , Kern Karl B. , Livesay Sarah , May Teresa L. , Neumar Robert W. , Nolan Jerry P. , Oddo Mauro , Peberdy Mary Ann , Poloyac Samuel M. , Seder David , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Uzendu Anezi , Walsh Brian , Zimmerman Janice L. , Geocadin Romergryko G. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association and Neurocritical Care Society
Published: November 2023

The critical care management of patients after cardiac arrest is burdened by a lack of high-quality clinical studies and the resultant lack of high-certainty evidence. This results in limited practice guideline recommendations, which may lead to uncertainty and variability in management. Critical care management is crucial in patients after cardiac arrest and affects outcome. Although guidelines address some relevant topics (including temperature control and neurological prognostication of comatose survivors, 2 topics for which there are more robust clinical studies), many important subject areas have limited or nonexistent clinical studies, leading to the absence of guidelines or low-certainty evidence. The American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and the Neurocritical Care Society collaborated to address this gap by organizing an expert consensus panel and conference. Twenty-four experienced practitioners (including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and a respiratory therapist) from multiple medical specialties, levels, institutions, and countries made up the panel. Topics were identified and prioritized by the panel and arranged by organ system to facilitate discussion, debate, and consensus building. Statements related to postarrest management were generated, and 80% agreement was required to approve a statement. Voting was anonymous and web based. Topics addressed include neurological, cardiac, pulmonary, hematological, infectious, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and general critical care management. Areas of uncertainty, areas for which no consensus was reached, and future research directions are also included. Until high-quality studies that inform practice guidelines in these areas are available, the expert panel consensus statements that are provided can advise clinicians on the critical care management of patients after cardiac arrest.
Short‐ and Long‐Term Mortality for Patients With and Without a Cancer Diagnosis Following Pulmonary Embolism in Denmark, 2000 to 2020: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Madsen Sophie Fredslund , Christensen Daniel Mølager , Strange Jarl Emanuel , Nouhravesh Nina , Kümler Thomas , Gislason Gunnar , Lamberts Morten , Sindet‐Pedersen Caroline
Published: November 2023

Background

New treatment regimens have been introduced in the past 20 years, which may influence the short‐ and long‐term prognosis for patients with and without a cancer diagnosis following pulmonary embolism. However, newer studies investigating these trends are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the 30‐ and 31‐ to 365‐day mortality following pulmonary embolism.

Methods and Results

Using the Danish nationwide registries, patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism between 2000 and 2020 were included. Age‐ and sex‐standardized 30‐ and 31‐ to 365‐day mortality was calculated and stratified by cancer status. In total, 60 614 patients (29.6% with recent cancer; mean age, 68.2 years) were included. The 30‐day mortality for patients with no recent cancer decreased from 19.1% (95% CI, 17.9%–20.4%) in 2000 to 7.3% (95% CI, 6.7%–8.0%) in 2018 to 2020 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.36 [95% CI, 0.32–0.40];
P
<0.001). The 30‐day mortality for patients with recent cancer decreased from 32.2% (95% CI, 28.8%–36.6%) to 14.1% (95% CI, 12.7%–15.5%) (HR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.33–0.44];
P
<0.001). The 31‐ to 365‐day mortality for patients with no recent cancer decreased from 12.5% (95% CI, 11.4%–13.6%) to 9.4% (95% CI, 8.6%–10.2%) (HR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.64–0.83];
P
<0.001).The 31‐ to 365‐day mortality for patients with recent cancer remained stable: 39.4% (95% CI, 35.1%–43.7%) to 38.3% (95% CI, 35.9%–40.6%) (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.84–1.12];
P
=0.69).

Conclusions

From 2000 to 2020, improvements were observed in 30‐day mortality following pulmonary embolism regardless of cancer status. For patients with recent cancer, 31‐ to 365‐day mortality did not improve, whereas a minor improvement was observed for patients without recent cancer.
Association of Life's Essential 8 With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Rempakos Athanasios , Prescott Brenton , Mitchell Gary F. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Xanthakis Vanessa
Published: November 2023

Background

The association of the American Heart Association's updated cardiovascular health score, the Life's Essential 8 (LE8), with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death is not described in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study).

Methods and Results

We evaluated Framingham Offspring participants at examinations 2 and 6 (n=2888 and 1667; and mean age, 44 and 57 years, respectively), free of CVD with information on LE8 components. Using age‐sex–adjusted Cox models, we related LE8 and its change (examination 2 to examination 6) with CVD and death risk and compared associations with those of the Life's Simple 7 score. Mean LE8 score at examination 2 was 67 points (minimum, 26 points; maximum, 100 points). At both examinations, participants were reclassified to a different cardiovascular health status, depending on which method (LE8 versus Life's Simple 7) was used (60% of participants in ideal Life's Simple 7 status were in intermediate LE8 category). On follow‐up after examination 2 (median, 30 and 33 years for CVD and death, respectively), we observed 966 CVD events, and 1195 participants died. Participants having LE8≥68 (sample median) were at lower CVD and death risk compared with those with LE8<68 (examination 2: CVD hazard ratio [HR], 0.47 [95% CI, 0.41–0.54]; death HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.49–0.62]; all
P
<0.001). Participants maintaining low LE8 scores during life course were at highest CVD and death risk (CVD: HRs ranging from 1.8 to 2.3;
P
<0.001; death HR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.13–1.85];
P
=0.003 versus high‐high group).

Conclusions

Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether the LE8 score is a better marker of CVD and death risk, compared with Life's Simple 7 score.
Early Utilization of Mechanical Circulatory Support in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock: The National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative
Authors: Basir Mir B. , Lemor Alejandro , Gorgis Sarah , Patel Kirit C. , Kolski Brian C. , Bharadwaj Aditya S. , Todd Joshua W. , Tehrani Behnam N. , Truesdell Alexander G. , Lasorda David M. , Lalonde Thomas A. , Kaki Amir , Schrieber Theodore L. , Patel Nainesh C. , Senter Shaun R. , Gelormini Joseph L. , Marso Steven P. , Rahman Ayaz M. , Federici Robert E. , Wilkins Charles E. , Thomas McRae A. , Nsair Ali , Caputo Christopher P. , Khuddus Matheen A. , Chahin Juan J. , Dupont Allison G. , Goldsweig Andrew M. , Lim Michael J. , Kapur Navin K. , Wohns David H. W. , Zhou Yueren , Hacala Michael J. , O'Neill William W.
Published: November 2023

Background

Acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI‐CS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices increase systemic blood pressure and end organ perfusion while reducing cardiac filling pressures.

Methods and Results

The National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative (NCT03677180) is a single‐arm, multicenter study. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing early MCS with Impella in patients presenting with AMI‐CS. The primary end point was in‐hospital mortality. A total of 406 patients were enrolled at 80 sites between 2016 and 2020. Average age was 64±12 years, 24% were female, 17% had a witnessed out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, 27% had in‐hospital cardiac arrest, and 9% were under active cardiopulmonary resuscitation during MCS implantation. Patients presented with a mean systolic blood pressure of 77.2±19.2 mm Hg, 85% of patients were on vasopressors or inotropes, mean lactate was 4.8±3.9 mmol/L and cardiac power output was 0.67±0.29 watts. At 24 hours, mean systolic blood pressure improved to 103.9±17.8 mm Hg, lactate to 2.7±2.8 mmol/L, and cardiac power output to 1.0±1.3 watts. Procedural survival, survival to discharge, survival to 30 days, and survival to 1 year were 99%, 71%, 68%, and 53%, respectively.

Conclusions

Early use of MCS in AMI‐CS is feasible across varying health care settings and resulted in improvements to early hemodynamics and perfusion. Survival rates to hospital discharge were high. Given the encouraging results from our analysis, randomized clinical trials are warranted to assess the role of utilizing early MCS, using a standardized, multidisciplinary approach.
The neural dynamics of loss aversion
Authors: Nie Shaozhi , Wang Muzhi , Li Jian , Luo Huan , Zhang Hang
Published: November 2023

In human decision-making under risk, loss is typically valued more than the same amount of gain, a behavioral phenomenon known as loss aversion, which suggests that gain and loss are evaluated differently in the brain. Most previous neuroimaging studies focused on the brain regions that show differential responses to losses relative to gains. What is still largely unknown is how the neural processing of gain and loss may unfold in time and drives loss aversion. Here, we designed a gambling task ideal for investigating the temporal course of the valuation process and used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to track human participants’ brain activities for valuating gain and loss. Computational modeling of participants’ behaviors implies that the gain and loss presented simultaneously can compete for cognitive resources, during which loss signals dominate the valuation process, resulting in loss aversion. Indeed, time-resolved MEG analysis reveals that the evaluation process of loss terminated later for participants with higher loss aversion than those with lower loss aversion, though the gain valuation had similar temporal courses for different participants. These results suggest that the origin of loss aversion may lie in the neural dynamics of loss processing
Stationary Haptic Stimuli Do not Produce Ocular Accommodation in Most Individuals
Authors: Stark Lawrence R. , Shiraishi Kim , Sommerfeld Tyler
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to determine the extent to which haptic stimuli can influence ocular accommodation, either alone or in combination with vision. Accommodation was measured objectively in 15 young adults as they read stationary targets containing Braille letters. These cards were presented at four distances in the range 20–50 cm. In the Touch condition, the participant read by touch with their dominant hand in a dark room. Afterward, they estimated card distance with their non-dominant hand. In the Vision condition, they read by sight binocularly without touch in a lighted room. In the Touch with Vision condition, they read by sight binocularly and with touch in a lighted room. Sensory modality had a significant overall effect on the slope of the accommodative stimulus–response function. The slope in the Touch condition was not significantly different from zero, even though depth perception from touch was accurate. Nevertheless, one atypical participant had a moderate accommodative slope in the Touch condition. The accommodative slope in the Touch condition was significantly poorer than in the Vision condition. The accommodative slopes in the Vision condition and Touch with Vision condition were not significantly different. For most individuals, haptic stimuli for stationary objects do not influence the accommodation response, alone or in combination with vision. These haptic stimuli provide accurate distance perception, thus questioning the general validity of Heath’s model of proximal accommodation as driven by perceived distance. Instead, proximally induced accommodation relies on visual rather than touch stimuli.
Interhemispheric Temperature Gradient and Equatorial Pacific SSTs Drive Sahel Monsoon Uncertainties under Global Warming
Authors: Guilbert Marcellin , Terray Pascal , Mignot Juliette , Ollier Luther , Gastineau Guillaume
Published: November 2023

The Sahel is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change. Robust estimation of future changes in the Sahel monsoon is therefore essential for effective climate change adaptation. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art climate models show large uncertainties in their projections of Sahel rainfall. In this study, we use 32 models from CMIP6 to identify the sources of this large intermodel spread of Sahel rainfall. By using maximum covariance analysis, we first highlight two new key drivers of this spread during boreal summer: the interhemispheric temperature gradient and equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) changes. This contrasts with previous studies, which have focused mainly on the Northern Hemisphere rather than the global scale, and in which the Pacific Ocean has been neglected in favor of the Atlantic. Next, we unravel the physical mechanisms behind these statistical relationships. First, the modulation of the interhemispheric temperature gradient across the models leads to varying latitudinal positions of the intertropical convergence zone and, consequently, varying Sahel rainfall intensity. Second, models that exhibit less warming than the multimodel mean in the equatorial Pacific, thereby projecting a less “El Niño–like” mean state, simulate enhanced precipitation over the central Sahel in the future through modulations of the Walker circulation, the tropical easterly jet, the meridional tropospheric temperature gradient, and hence regional zonal wind shear. Finally, we show that these two indices collectively explain 62% of Sahel rainfall change uncertainty: 40% due to the interhemispheric temperature gradient and 22% through equatorial Pacific SST.
Determinating optimum combination of ageing and manufacturing parameters for laminated composites using response surface methodology
Authors: Öztürk Ramazan , Taş Hamza , Soykok Ibrahim F
Published: November 2023

This study mainly focuses on the effects of ageing and manufacturing parameters on the water absorption behaviour and mechanical characteristics of the glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites, and multiple optimizations of these parameters based on the quasi-static mechanical properties and low-velocity impact performances. Utilizing response surface methodology (RSM), an experimental design was executed varying curing temperature (20-100°C), ageing temperature (20-70°C) and salinity (3-35%). After 59-days ageing period, gravimetric, tensile and low-velocity impact tests were conducted to assess weight gain at saturation, changes in tensile strength, elasticity modulus, peak force and peak energy. Tensile fracture surfaces of aged and un-aged samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy. ANOVA results indicated the adequacy of RSM models, supported by high R2 (>80%) and R2adj (>65%) and proper residual distribution. Gravimetric tests revealed that higher curing and ageing temperatures resulted in greater water sorption-induced weight gain, while elevated salinity had the opposite effect. Ageing temperature and salinity are the most influential factors on tensile strength change. Optimal mechanical properties, minimizing differences between aged and un-aged samples, were achieved at 100°C curing temperature, 20°C ageing temperature and 19.8% salinity. Data from this study can be a valuable reference for designing GFRP composites, particularly in marine applications.