bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Literatur: Pengalaman Menyusui pada Ibu Usia Remaja
Authors: Wardani Arista Kusuma , Yanti Yanti , Rachman Irwan Taufiqur
Published: August 2022

Breastfeeding in one of the best ways to reduce infant mortality. However, UNICEF data in 2019 recorded that only 43% of newborns started breastfeeding in the first hour and 41% received exclusively breastfed. The causes of initiation and continuation of breastfeeding are closely related to the age of the mother. Adolescent mothers were found to not continue exclusive breastfeeding. This article aims to explore the experience of exclusive breastfeeding for adolescent mothers. The method used is a literature study. Research questions were identified using the PEOS (Population, Exposure, Outcome, Study Design) framework. The journals used in the literature review were obtained through the Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases from 2010-2020. The keywords used according to MESH (Medical Subject Heading) are "experience", "exclusive breastfeeding", and "adolescent mothers", and selected full text. The results of the review of 6 articles include: mother’ decisions to breastfeed such as, breastfeeding is a natural, easy, and fun way, a supportive environment, breastfeeding can improve  baby’s health, provide benefits for mothers, save costs. The obstacles faced by adolescent mother include, lack of knowledge and skills, uncontrollable and unplesant physical experiences, inadequate response to health services, lack of support for breastfeeding at work/school, and difficulty breastfeeding in public places. So, adolescent mothers need breastfeeding support such as information support, instrumental support, emotional support, and apraisal support.
Variasi Dosis Spray Ekstrak Etanol Solanum melongena L. dan Cananga adorata terhadap Perubahan Gejala Toksik, Fungsi Hepar, dan Hispatologi Mencit (Mus musculus)
Authors: Fikri Zainal , Jiwintarum Yunan , Diarti Maruni Wiwin , Tamhid Hady Anshory
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine toxic symptoms (loss of reflex), enzyme activity of SGOT and SGPT, and liver histopathology of experimental mice (Mus musculus) exposed to a combination formulation of 96% ethanol extract spray of Solanum melongena L. and Cananga adorata flower oil. True experimental research design with Post Test Only Control Group Design, this study used 4 treatment groups and 1 control group, data collected in the form of toxic symptoms (loss of reflex), SGOT enzymatic activity, and liver histopathological picture of experimental mice (Mus musculus). Which was analyzed by One Way Anova and Descriptive test. The results showed that the changes in toxic physical symptoms (loss of reflexes) of experimental mice (Mus musculus) after 30 minutes of spraying were strange reactions to walking around without direction, sensitivity to touch, changes in social interaction colliding with each other, lethargy, eye opacity and excessive blinking, respiratory rate. increased, which returned to normal at 4 hours to 168 hours after spraying. The activity of the SGOT and SGPT enzymes after 168 hours of spraying showed that the higher the dosage of the formulation, the higher the activity of the SGOT and SGPT enzymes, but the increase was still within normal limits, the histopathological results of liver morphology grading at various research doses showed Normal and Mild. Conclusion: Solanum melongena L. and Cananga adorata flower oil combined did not cause pathological effects in experimental mice (Mus musculus).
The Consequences of Stalinist Economic Policy in Hungary (1949-1953)
Authors: Domonkos Endre
Published: August 2022

By 1948, with the eradication of private property ownership and multi-party-system, the institutional background of the Soviet-type dictatorship was created by the Hungarian Workers Party (HWP). In economic terms, forced industrialisation became buzzword, whereas both agricultural and infrastructural development were neglected by the communist leadership. The forced collectivisation in the agriculture, accompanied by the postponement of necessary investments led to a permanent shortage of goods. Compulsory deliveries coupled with the application of the principle of quantity further aggravated the situation of the agrarian sector. As a result of aggressive campaign against the wealthy peasants and forced collectivisation, 300 000 people ceased to work in the agriculture and were employed by industry. Within the centrally planned economy, profitability, cost of production, marketability and quality of products were neglected. Only one principle was taken into account, which was the fulfilment or overfulfilment of the global production plan index and all other criteria were ignored by decision-makers. Foreign trade relations were embedded within the framework of the command economy. Foreign trade corporations were set up and world market prices became hermetically isolated from domestic prices. Within Comecon, the endeavour of the USSR was to reduce any dependency of the socialist bloc on world markets and to achieve self-sufficiency. The introduction of fixed prices in 1950 led to serious price distortions, whilst Hungary depended on increasing import of raw material, which was essential for the development of heavy industry. Therefore, the targets of foreign trade were not fulfilled during the period 1949-53. The irrational economic objectives of the first Five-Year Plan produced lasting damages in the national economy of Hungary.
The position of women in Corfu as demonstrated in the notarial registers during the last century of the Venetian period
Authors: Mouratidis Spyridoula S.
Published: August 2022

The economic changes that took place in Europe, along with other factors such as the reduction of the male population due to war conflicts, created the right conditions for the emergence of women's activity. The position of women, although still subject to certain restrictions, improved considerably. Women are now presented as self-reliant in numerous contracts of an economic nature. Apart from this, they gradually seem to carry out other types of activities, such as artistic activities, engaging in charity, and intellectual cultivation.
Turizm Coğrafyası Perspektifinden Mindanao Adasının Güney Turizm Bölgeleri
Authors: ATASOY Emin , KABIYEV Yerlan , ALIASKAROV Duman Toktaruli , KAİMULDİNOVA Kulyash , SERALİYEV Asset
Published: August 2022

Mindanao, Filipinler’in ikinci en büyük ve kalabalık nüfuslu adasıdır. Görkemli şelaleleriyle, ürkütücü volkanlarıyla, ıssız tropikal plajlarıyla, yoğun yağmur ormanlarıyla ve benzersiz doğal koruma alanlarıyla dikkat çeken Mindanao, Türkiye’den gelen turistlerin en az ziyaret ettikleri ve en az bilgi sahibi oldukları Filipin adasıdır. Dünyanın en büyük ve en yoğun nüfuslu adalarından biri olan Mindanao, dört denize kıyısı olan Filipinlerin en güney büyük adasıdır. Dünyanın en kalabalık nüfuslu yedinci adası olan Mindanao, aynı zamanda da en çok Müslüman kökenli nüfus barındıran Filipinler adasıdır. Turistik rehber özelliklerini taşıyan bu bölgesel coğrafya çalışmasının öncelikli amacı, bu adayı ziyaret eden yatırımcılara, öğrencilere, bilim uzmanlarına, iş adamlarına ve turistlere detaylı coğrafi ve turizm bilgiler sunması ve her bir bölgenin bir yandan coğrafi ve turizm potansiyelini, diğer yandan da kültürel turistik mekânlarını ve doğal turizm çekiciliklerini tanıtmasıdır. Çalışmada Davao, Zamboanga, General Santos, Cotabato, Mati City ve Pagadian yani toplam 6 bölgenin coğrafi özellikleri, turizm merkezleri ve turizm potansiyelleri irdelenmiştir. Mindanao adasının güney kesimlerinde yer alan bu turizm bölgelerinin irdelenmesiyle, çalışmada adanın sadece yarısının incelendiği anlaşılmaktadır. Türkiye’de yapılan bilimsel araştırmalar arasında, büyük bir tropikal adanın çok boyutlu turizm portresi farklı coğrafi bölgeleri kapsayacak şekilde detaylı irdelenmediği için Güney Mindanao olarak ele alınan bu çalışmanın, ülkemizde ilk kez kaleme alınan araştırma örneği olduğu söylenilebilir. Mindanao adasının güney bölgelerinin coğrafi ve turizm potansiyeli ile ilgili Türkiye’de detaylı bir araştırma olmadığına göre, bu çalışma ile önemli bir bilgi boşluğunun doldurulması beklenmektedir.
Alternative Analytical Methods for Quantification of Galantamine in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: TAŞPINAR Numan , BULDUK İbrahim
Published: August 2022

Objective: For the quantification of galantamine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form, new selective, quick, precise, and accurate spectrophotometric and chromatographic procedures were developed and validated.
Material & Methods: Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Extend C18 (250×4.6 mm, 5 µm) column. Ultrapure water containing 0.1% TFA and acetonitrile containing 0.1% TFA (85/15, v/v) were used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Eluent detection was performed at a wavelength of 288 nm using a UV detector. On the other hand, galantamine was determined by spectrophotometric technique by measuring the absorbance of the solutions at a wavelength of 288 nm.
Result: Lambert−Beer plots for galantamine showed linear relationships in the concentration range of 5-30 μg/mL. Both techniques have been statistically evaluated and validated in order to meet the standards of the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) and the results showed that spectrophotometric and liquid chromatographic methods were linear, precise, accurate, rugged and robust with RSD values less than 1.00%, and the recovery percentage was within standard limits (98-102%). Then a statistical comparison of these analytical methods was performed. The results of both methods showed no difference and not statistically significant with respect to each other in the 95% confidence interval (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The developed analytical methods were determined to be accurate, highly effective, reliable, fast, simple, and may be employed successfully for routine analysis of galantamine in the bulk as well as pharmaceutical dosage form. They may even be used for quality control analysis and for sample analysis during cleaning validation.
Occupational Accidents during the Pandemic Process
Authors: SOLMAZ Tuğba , SOLMAZ Mehtap
Published: August 2022

Purpose of the study; The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the pandemic process on occupational accidents that health personnel working in a state hospital are exposed to. During the pandemic process, 70 occupational accidents reported to the Provincial Directorate of Social Security regarding occupational accidents experienced by healthcare workers in a state hospital were examined retrospectively. In our study; It was determined that health personnel were exposed to cutting and knife injuries at a rate of 80%, contact with blood and body fluids at a rate of 2.85%, and musculoskeletal injuries at a rate of 14.28% during the pandemic process. It was determined that 24.28% of the health personnel who reported due to occupational accident had an occupational accident in the pandemic service and 12.86% in the vaccination polyclinics. It was determined that health workers were exposed to work accidents at a higher rate due to the increased workload and psychosocial risks with the pandemic process. In order to prevent occupational accidents and injuries, it is necessary to record which situations cause injury, to determine and plan preventive interventions.
İndigo Boya Tozunun Denim Fabrikası Çalışan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: BENLİ Hüseyin
Published: August 2022

İndigo denim kumaşların renklendirilmesinde kullanılan bir boyarmaddedir. Doğal indigo 6.000 yıldan, sentetik indigo ise 150 yıldan fazla bir süredir tekstil boyası olarak kullanılmasına rağmen indigo'nun yan etkileri ve toksisitesi hakkında çok az araştırma raporu bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede boyahanelerdeki indigo boyarmadde tozlarının çalışan sağlığı üzerine yapacağı olumsuz sağlık sorunlarının neler olabileceği araştırılmıştır. Dünyada üretilen yaklaşık 25 milyon ton pamuğun yüzde 20’si denim kumaşların üretiminde kullanılıyor olması ve bunların renklendirilmesinde indigo boyarmaddesine ihtiyaç duyulması nedeniyle tonlarca indigo boyarmadde tozları ile çalışanlar üretin sürecinde karşı karşıya kalacak demektir. Bu durumun sonuçlarının halk sağlığı açısından kritik bir öneme sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. İndigo boyarmadde tozlarının işyeri ortam havasına yayılması sonucu çalışanların karşılaşabileceği sağlık sorunları hakkında literatürde belirtilmiş olan araştırma ve bulguları bir çatı altında toplayarak işverenin, çalışanların, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uzmanlarının ve işyeri hekimi ve diğer sağlık personellerinin farkındalıklarının artırılması beklenmektedir.
Beyond aroma: A scoping review on the impact of chronic rhinosinusitis on retronasal olfaction
Authors: James Joel , Palte Ilan C. , Vilarello Brandon J. , Axiotakis Lucas G. , Jacobson Patricia T. , Gudis David A. , Overdevest Jonathan B.
Published: August 2022

Background

Retronasal olfaction (RNO) refers to the perception of odorants inhaled through the mouth and carried through the nasopharynx to olfactory receptors within the olfactory cleft, enabling the perception of flavor. Although orthonasal olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been widely described, the impact of CRS on RNO is less clear. In this study, we systematically review available literature to provide an update on RNO in the setting of CRS.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies examining RNO in patients with documented CRS. The primary outcome of interest was objective psychophysical measurement of olfaction, including characterization of RNO.

Results

We identified 404 unique references that underwent title and abstract review by two independent reviewers, with 52 articles undergoing full-text review, where 10 relevant studies underwent data extraction. Although outcome measures varied, all included studies demonstrated diminished RNO in patients with CRS. Of six studies evaluating the relationship between retronasal and orthonasal olfactory test scores in CRS patients two out of six (33%) demonstrated a correlation between both forms of olfaction and CRS, and two out of six studies (33%) found significantly lower orthonasal olfactory test scores compared to retronasal olfactory test scores. Two of three found significant improvement in RNO with treatment of underlying CRS. Of three studies examining patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in CRS, two found significant associations between retronasal olfactory test scores and PROMs.

Conclusions

Based on the current literature, CRS patients appear to have diminished RNO, which may be associated with orthonasal olfactory dysfunction and decreased quality of life in this population. Higher level of evidence studies are required to further elucidate these relationships and the impact of medical and surgical CRS management on RNO.
Sparse bayesian learning for genomic selection in yeast
Authors: Ayat Maryam , Domaratzki Mike
Published: August 2022

Genomic selection, which predicts phenotypes such as yield and drought resistance in crops from high-density markers positioned throughout the genome of the varieties, is moving towards machine learning techniques to make predictions on complex traits that are controlled by several genes. In this paper, we consider sparse Bayesian learning and ensemble learning as a technique for genomic selection and ranking markers based on their relevance to a trait. We define and explore two different forms of the sparse Bayesian learning for predicting phenotypes and identifying the most influential markers of a trait, respectively. We apply our methods on a Saccharomyces cerevisiae dataset, and analyse our results with respect to existing related works, trait heritability, as well as the accuracies obtained from linear and Gaussian kernel functions. We find that sparse Bayesian methods are not only competitive with other machine learning methods in predicting yeast growth in different environments, but are also capable of identifying the most important markers, including both positive and negative effects on the growth, from which biologists can get insight. This attribute can make our proposed ensemble of sparse Bayesian learners favourable in ranking markers based on their relevance to a trait.
Feasibility of membrane ultrafiltration as a single-step clarification and fractionation of microalgal protein hydrolysates
Authors: Soto-Sierra Laura , Nikolov Zivko L.
Published: August 2022

Protein hydrolysates are one of the most valuable products that can be obtained from lipid-extracted microalgae (LEA). The advantages of protein hydrolysates over other protein products encompass enhanced solubility, digestibility, and potential bioactivity. The development of an economically feasible process to produce protein hydrolysates depends on maximizing the recovery of hydrolyzed native protein from the lipid-extracted algal biomass and subsequent fractionation of hydrolyzed protein slurry. Previously, we reported a method for fractionation of enzymatically generated protein hydrolysates by acidic precipitation of algal cell debris and unhydrolyzed protein, precipitate wash, centrifugation, and depth filtration. The present study evaluates tangential flow ultrafiltration as a single-step alternative to centrifugation, precipitate wash, and depth filtration. The results demonstrate that the tangential flow ultrafiltration process has a potential that deserves further investigation. First, the membrane diafiltration process uses a single and easily scalable unit operation (tangential flow filtration) to separate and “wash out” hydrolyzed protein from the algal residue. Second, the protein recovery yield achieved with the tangential flow process was >70% compared to 64% previously achieved by centrifugation and depth filtration methods. Finally, protein hydrolysates obtained by membrane ultrafiltration exhibited slightly better heat and pH stability.
Non-contact detection of degradation of in-service steel sheet piles due to buckling phenomena by using digital image analysis with Hough transform
Authors: Hagiwara Taiki , Shimamoto Yuma , Suzuki Tetsuya
Published: August 2022

Steel sheet pile materials are primarily used for canal structure construction for irrigation and drainage of agricultural fields in Japan. Recently, accelerated corrosion of steel materials and buckling phenomena in pitting corrosion parts have been detected in in-service steel sheet pile canals. In this study, we focus on the buckling phenomenon of in-service steel sheet pile canals, which is detected by non-contact monitoring using digital image analysis. The buckling phenomenon index is evaluated as the inclination angle of the steel sheet pile due to deformation. As a digital image analysis, Hough transform is applied, which is a figure detection method in digital images, to detect a straight line that describes the distance and angle parameters. The angle parameter corresponds to the inclination angle index of in-service steel sheet pile with a buckling phenomenon. As a result, the maximum difference between the analyzed angles by Hough transform and the measured angles is evaluated as 0.9° after the image rotation correction. The relation of the analyzed angles by Hough transform and the measured angles of the buckling phenomenon is correlated. Therefore, the degradation of steel sheet pile canals is quantitatively evaluated by using digital image analysis with unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring. This study’s significance is non-contact and simple measurement by using a digital image which can reduce a working time and perform quick diagnosis in extensive areas.
Surface tension of model tissues during malignant transformation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Nagle Irène , Richert Alain , Quinteros Michael , Janel Sébastien , Buysschaert Edgar , Luciani Nathalie , Debost Henry , Thevenet Véronique , Wilhelm Claire , Prunier Céline , Lafont Frank , Padilla-Benavides Teresita , Boissan Mathieu , Reffay Myriam
Published: August 2022

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition is associated with migration, invasion, and metastasis. The translation at the tissue scale of these changes has not yet been enlightened while being essential in the understanding of tumor progression. Thus, biophysical tools dedicated to measurements on model tumor systems are needed to reveal the impact of epithelial–mesenchymal transition at the collective cell scale. Herein, using an original biophysical approach based on magnetic nanoparticle insertion inside cells, we formed and flattened multicellular aggregates to explore the consequences of the loss of the metastasis suppressor NME1 on the mechanical properties at the tissue scale. Multicellular spheroids behave as viscoelastic fluids, and their equilibrium shape is driven by surface tension as measured by their deformation upon magnetic field application. In a model of breast tumor cells genetically modified for NME1, we correlated tumor invasion, migration, and adhesion modifications with shape maintenance properties by measuring surface tension and exploring both invasive and migratory potential as well as adhesion characteristics.
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Wei Lindan , Sun Xin , Fan Chenxi , Li Rongli , Zhou Shuanglong , Yu Hongsong
Published: August 2022

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which can lead to visual impairment and even blindness in severe cases. DR is generally considered to be a microvascular disease but its pathogenesis is still unclear. A large body of evidence shows that the development of DR is not determined by a single factor but rather by multiple related mechanisms that lead to different degrees of retinal damage in DR patients. Therefore, this article briefly reviews the pathophysiological changes in DR, and discusses the occurrence and development of DR resulting from different factors such as oxidative stress, inflammation, neovascularization, neurodegeneration, the neurovascular unit, and gut microbiota, to provide a theoretical reference for the development of new DR treatment strategies.
Classical and γδ T cells are each independently sufficient to establish protection against a classical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Mackel Joseph J. , Morffy Smith Catherine , Wasbotten Rachel K. , Twentyman Joy , Rosen David A.
Published: August 2022

Infections with classical strains of the Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae pose a significant clinical challenge due to rising antibiotic resistance. We previously established a lung inoculation plus challenge model using live, classical K. pneumoniae in order to study host protection. Here, we employ this model to dissect adaptive immune responses to this critical pathogen. First, we performed convalescent serum transfers from inoculated mice to naïve recipients and found that classical K. pneumoniae infection outcomes, unlike hypervirulent K. pneumoniae infection outcomes, were not improved. This suggests that circulating antibody responses alone are not sufficient to mediate protection against this classical strain. Hence, we evaluated the role of T cells in protection against classical K. pneumoniae reinfection and demonstrated that mice lacking T cells are unable to establish a protective response. However, mice individually deficient in either of the major T cell subsets, γδ or αβ (classical T cells), effectively mount a protective response, indicating either subset alone is sufficient to mediate protection. Sequestration of T cells in secondary lymphoid organs during the challenge infection did not ablate protection, indicating the circulating T cell pool is not required for the protective phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that depletion of T cells during initial infection eliminates protection against challenge. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate the imperative contribution of T cells to protective immunity against classical K. pneumoniae and will guide further inquiries into host effector responses required to control this infection.
Phonemes in continuous speech are better recognized in context than in isolation
Authors: Brown Annemarie C. , Childers Eva , Bowen Elijah F. W. , Zuckerberg Gabriel A. , Granger Richard
Published: August 2022

The contribution of context to phoneme perception is a subject of extensive study. In recent years, while the perception of phonemes in and out of context has become characterized as well-understood, new studies have emerged to challenge prevailing wisdom. Findings derived from rigorously controlled stimuli have failed to hold up when tested against continuous or more naturalistic speech, and vowels produced in isolation have been shown to possess different frequencies than vowels in spontaneous speech. In the present study, we examine the effect of context on vowel recognition, via stimuli taken directly from natural continuous speech in an audiobook. All tested vowel sounds, except /EH/, were better recognized with surrounding context than in isolation, affirming the resilience of findings from past studies.
Predictors of language proficiency and cultural identification in heritage bilinguals
Authors: Hayakawa Sayuri , Chung-Fat-Yim Ashley , Marian Viorica
Published: August 2022

According to the 2020 U.S. Census Bureau, more than 66 million residents over the age of 5 in the United States speak a language other than English at home. Some bilinguals become dominant in the majority language that is spoken in the community as opposed to their native “heritage” language acquired at home. The objective of the current study was to uncover the predictors of language proficiency and cultural identification in different groups of heritage speakers. In our sample, heritage speakers acquired their heritage language first and English second and rated their proficiency in their heritage language lower than in English. We found that English proficiency was most reliably predicted by the duration of heritage language immersion, while heritage language proficiency was most reliably predicted by contexts of acquisition and exposure to both languages. Higher heritage language proficiency was associated with greater heritage language experience through friends and reading, less English experience through family, and later age of English acquisition. The trade-off between heritage language and English language experience was more pronounced for non-Spanish than Spanish heritage speakers. Finally, despite higher proficiency in English, cultural identification was higher with the heritage language, and was predicted by heritage language receptive proficiency and heritage language experience through family and reading. We conclude that self-reported proficiency and cultural identification differ depending on heritage speakers' native languages, as well as how the heritage language and majority language are acquired and used. Our findings highlight the importance of taking individual language history into consideration when combining different groups of heritage speakers.
Long-term prognosis of successful left ventricular substrate modification of electrical storm
Authors: Margkarian Artak , Bogossian Harilaos , Bandorski Dirk , Khan Atisha , Hasan Fuad , Fortmann Tobias , Jahaj Klothilda , Lemke Bernd , Zarse Markus
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The Electrical storm (ES) subsumes a state of electrical instability of the heart, which manifests itself in repeated and potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias (VA). We examine the long-term effects of substrate modification with regards to mortality, ventricular tachycardia (VT) recurrences and hospitalization depending on age, gender, heart function, scare location, VT documentation, postprocedural electrical stimulation (PES) and induced VTs.

Methods

From 08/2008 and 09/2019 160 consecutive patients admitted for ES ablation via electroanatomical mapping were followed up until 04/2021.

Results

50/160 patients showed VT recurrences after 13.8 ± 21.7 (0.0–80.3) months, with a characteristic steep curve directly after ES and then a rapid decline leading to a plateau (first month 10/50 (20%), first year 35/50 VT recurrences (70%) Mortality rates followed a similar pattern also the initial decline was not as steep. 42 patients died during the observation period (26%) after 16.6 ± 16.1 (0.0-67.9) months after ablation day (first month (n = 7, 16.7%) first year (n = 21, 50%). Gender, age, scare localization, missing VT documentation did not worsen outcome. Induction of >3 VTs and lack of PES due to hemodynamic instability significantly decreased effectiveness. Finding the entry significantly increased long-term effects.

Conclusion

Ablation of ES is safe and feasible independent of a variety of factors. Employing more sophisticated tools to understand the reentry mechanism will further improve the long-term outcome.
Zero party data between hype and hope
Authors: Polonioli Andrea
Published: August 2022

Zero Party Data (ZPD) is a hot topic in the context of privacy-aware personalization, as the exponential growth of consumer data collected by retailers has made safeguarding data privacy a key priority. Articles arguing for the value of ZPD to improve personalization and engender consumer trust have appeared in the popular press, in business magazines as well as in academic journals. Advocates of ZDP argue that instead of inferring what customers want, retailers can simply ask them. Provided that the value exchange is clear, customers will willingly share data such as purchase intentions and preferences to improve personalization and help retailers create a picture of who they are. While the rise of ZPD is a welcome development, this paper takes issue with the claim that ZPD is necessarily accurate as it comes directly from the customer. This view is at odds with established conclusions from decades of research in the social and cognitive sciences, showing that self reports can be influenced by the instrument and that people have limited insight into the factors underlying their behavior. This paper argues that while ZDP disclosures are an important tool for retailers, it is critical to carefully understand their limitations as well. The paper also provides a catalog of biases for identifying potential problems in survey design to help practitioners collect more accurate data.
Role of advanced glycation end products on vascular smooth muscle cells under diabetic atherosclerosis
Authors: Mao Lin , Yin Ruili , Yang Longyan , Zhao Dong
Published: August 2022

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease and leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. The progression of AS is a multi-step process leading to high morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammation and insulin resistance which strictly involved in diabetes are closely related to the pathogenesis of AS. A growing number of studies have linked AGEs to AS. As one of the risk factors of cardiac metabolic diseases, dysfunction of VSMCs plays an important role in AS pathogenesis. AGEs are increased in diabetes, participate in the occurrence and progression of AS through multiple molecular mechanisms of vascular cell injury. As the main functional cells of vascular, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play different roles in each stage of atherosclerotic lesions. The interaction between AGEs and receptor for AGEs (RAGE) accelerates AS by affecting the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. In addition, increasing researches have reported that AGEs promote osteogenic transformation and macrophage-like transformation of VSMCs, and affect the progression of AS through other aspects such as autophagy and cell cycle. In this review, we summarize the effect of AGEs on VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaque development and progression. We also discuss the AGEs that link AS and diabetes mellitus, including oxidative stress, inflammation, RAGE ligands, small noncoding RNAs.
Biochar-embedding iron-alginate microspheres derived from bagasse by one-step microwave pyrolysis/activation for enhanced Cr(VI) removal
Authors: Wang Hongfei , Zhao Xiqiang , Yang Xinfei , Sun Shuang , Wang Wenlong , Mao Yanpeng , Song Zhanlong
Published: August 2022

In this paper, two types of adsorption materials SA-C-Fe and SA-C-Fe(C) were prepared using bagasse biochar produced by one-step microwave pyrolysis and activation for Cr(VI) removal of wastewater. The adsorption materials were characterized, and Cr(VI) adsorption performance, kinetics and thermodynamics on adsorption materials were studied. Results show that microwave pyrolysis/activation contributes to developed pore structure and abundant active functional groups, resulting in high Cr(VI) adsorption capacities. The optimal preparation conditions for biochar is: microwave power 500 W, ZnCl2/bagasse ratio 2.5:1 and pyrolysis/activation time 15 min, and the specific surface area of biochar is 1,787.64 m2/g. The Cr(VI) adsorption of the two materials is more in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption process is dominated by chemical adsorption. The static removal experiment of Cr(VI) using SA-C-Fe and SA-C-Fe(C) has the best removal effect at pH = 2, and the whole adsorption process is more in line with the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model. Calculated by the pseudo-two-order kinetic model and the Langmuir-Freundlich isothermal model, the maximum adsorption rate for Cr(VI) of SA-C-Fe and SA-C-Fe(C) are 211.87 mg/g and 388.92 mg/g, respectively. The removal process is mainly dominated by three mechanisms: electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange and redox reactions. The improvement of Cr(VI) adsorption capacity is attributed to more developed pore structure. The results offer beneficial reference for the application of low-cost carbon-based adsorption materials for pollutants separation, and effectively realize the utilization of bagasse pyrolysis by-products.
How can social responsibility enhance the green value of financial enterprises? Empirical research based on the qualitative comparative analysis method
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Wang Qingjin , Lu Binbin
Published: August 2022

Given the high revenues of financial enterprises, they should carry out their social responsibilities to contribute to sustainable social and economic development. The purpose of this study is to provide a more efficient strategy for China’s listed financial enterprises to improve their green value under the condition of realizing the optimal allocation of their resources in the future. To this end, the present study adopts the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method on 26 domestic listed banks to examine the impact of social responsibility undertaking on the improvement of the green values of enterprises. The findings show that the promotion of green values of listed financial enterprises in China does not simply depend on a one-dimension social responsibility investment but requires a combination of multiple dimensions. Accordingly, policy recommendations are provided to help ensure the long-term development of financial enterprises while achieving sustainable economic development.
Comparative investigation on the value-added products obtained from continuous and batch hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge
Authors: Fan Yujie , Prestigiacomo Claudia , Gong Miao , Tietz Thomas , Hornung Ursel , Dahmen Nicolaus
Published: August 2022

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) can be considered a promising route for the energy valorisation of waste sewage sludge (SS). However, not much information is available on continuous flow processing. In this study, the mixed SS was subjected to HTL at 350°C for 8 min in a continuous reactor with loadings of 10 wt% in the feed flow. The results show that the mass recovery reached 88%, with a biocrude yield of 30.8 wt% (3.9 wt% N content). The recovered biocrude yields are highly dependent on the selection of the recovery solvent for extraction, and dichloromethane can contribute an additional 3.1 wt% biocrude from aqueous phase, acetone can extract some pyrrole derivatives into the trapped phases. Comparable results were also achieved by performing batch reactions under the same conditions: a slightly higher biocrude yield (33.1 wt%) with an N content of 4.3 wt%. The higher N content observed in the biocrude from the batch process indicates that interactions and chelation between intermediates are enhanced during heating up and cooling period, which lead to more N-containing compounds.
Towards social acceptability of genome-edited plants in industrialised countries? Emerging evidence from Europe, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan
Authors: Spök Armin , Sprink Thorben , Allan Andrew C. , Yamaguchi Tomiko , Dayé Christian
Published: August 2022

The agricultural biotechnology world has been divided into two blocks; countries adopting GM crops for commercial cultivation (adopters) and others without any or without relevant cultivation of such crops (non-adopters). Meanwhile, an increasing number of adopter countries have exempted certain genome-edited (GE) crops from legal GMO pre-market approval and labelling requirements. Among them are major exporters of agricultural commodities such as United States, Canada, and Australia. Due to the relaxed legislation more GE plants are expected to enter the market soon. Many countries in the non-adopter group, however, depend on import of large volumes of agricultural commodities from adopter countries. Unlike first generation GM, certain GE crops cannot be identified as unambiguously originating from genome editing using available techniques. Consequently, pressure is mounting on non-adopter jurisdictions to reconsider their policies and legislations. Against this backdrop, the paper explores recent developments relevant for social acceptability in selected non-adopters, Japan, New Zealand, the EU, Norway, and Switzerland in contrast to United States, Canada, and Australia. While Japan is already opening-up and Norway and Switzerland are discussing revisions of their policies, the EU and New Zealand are struggling with challenges resulting from high court decisions. In an attempt to take a closer look into the inner dynamics of these developments, the concept of social acceptability proposed by Wüstenhagen et al. (Energy Policy, 2007, 35(5), 2683–2691) is employed. This aids the understanding of developments in the jurisdictions considered and identifies specific or cross-cutting challenges.
Bacterial genome reductions: Tools, applications, and challenges
Authors: LeBlanc Nicole , Charles Trevor C.
Published: August 2022

Bacterial cells are widely used to produce value-added products due to their versatility, ease of manipulation, and the abundance of genome engineering tools. However, the efficiency of producing these desired biomolecules is often hindered by the cells’ own metabolism, genetic instability, and the toxicity of the product. To overcome these challenges, genome reductions have been performed, making strains with the potential of serving as chassis for downstream applications. Here we review the current technologies that enable the design and construction of such reduced-genome bacteria as well as the challenges that limit their assembly and applicability. While genomic reductions have shown improvement of many cellular characteristics, a major challenge still exists in constructing these cells efficiently and rapidly. Computational tools have been created in attempts at minimizing the time needed to design these organisms, but gaps still exist in modelling these reductions in silico. Genomic reductions are a promising avenue for improving the production of value-added products, constructing chassis cells, and for uncovering cellular function but are currently limited by their time-consuming construction methods. With improvements to and the creation of novel genome editing tools and in silico models, these approaches could be combined to expedite this process and create more streamlined and efficient cell factories.
The prognostic value of MicroRNAs associated with fatty acid metabolism in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Zhao Yue , Strohmer Dorothee Franziska , Yang Wenjin , Xia Zhijia , Yu Cong
Published: August 2022

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most frequent cancer in humans globally. In addition to smoking and drinking, genetic and epigenetic changes also play a big role in how HNSCC starts and grows. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs that control cell differentiation and apoptosis by interfering with gene expression. In addition, microRNAs in HNSCC have been shown to affect the clinical behaviors of HNSCC in amazing ways. Moreover, metabolic reprogramming is a key part of cancer and is needed for cancer to turn into a tumor and grow. But it is still not clear what effect microRNAs related to fatty acid metabolism have on the prognosis of HNSCC patients. We downloaded the data of HNSCC patients from the TCGA database and obtained the genes associated with fatty acid metabolism according to the GSEA database. Then, the microRNAs associated with fatty acid metabolism genes were matched. Finally, fatty acid metabolism gene-associated microRNAs for calculating risk scores and then building multifactorial Cox regression models in patients with HNSCC. Heatmap analysis showed that microRNAs involved in fatty acid metabolism were significantly different in HNSCC patients than in healthy controls. A total of 27 microRNAs associated with fatty acid metabolism were screened by univariate Cox analysis (p < 0.05). Using lasso regression, 18 microRNAs substantially linked with the prognosis of HNSCC patients were identified and included in risk scores. The ROC curves demonstrate that risk scores derived from microRNAs involved in fatty acid metabolism can accurately predict the prognosis of HNSCC patients at 1, 3, and 5 years. Moreover, we discovered that 11 microRNAs included in the risk score properly distinguished the prognosis of HNSCC patients. This paper indicated that microRNAs involved with fatty acid metabolism are strongly linked to the prognosis of HNSCC patients. It also indicated that reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in tumor tissues may play an important role in HNSCC cancer.
Extracellular vesicle-associated microRNA-30b-5p activates macrophages through the SIRT1/ NF-κB pathway in cell senescence
Authors: Xiao Yu , Liang Jiaqi , Witwer Kenneth W. , Zhang Ying , Wang Qian , Yin Hang
Published: August 2022

Chronic inflammation is widely observed in aging, but it is unclear whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in chronic disease-associated senescence. In our study, LC/MS profiling revealed that senescent cell derived EVs (SEN EVs) activate the immune response pathways of macrophages. Significantly more EVs were found in the supernatant of SEN than of control (CON) cell cultures, and SEN EVs were enriched in miR-30b-5p, which directly target sirtuin1 (SIRT1).In vitro, we found that SEN EV treatment resulted in increased cellular levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 and decreased levels of SIRT1. Increased cytokine levels could be reversed by SIRT1 activation and miR-30b-5p inhibition. Furthermore, miR-30b-5p significantly increased with age in both mouse liver tissue and EVs harvested from the tissue, with differences in EVs observed both earlier and in the later magnitude of aging. Western blot and qPCR proved that miR-30b-5p downregulated the level of SIRT1 in mouse macrophages. Collectively, we propose that EVs carrying miR-30b-5p from SEN cells can induce chronic inflammation through macrophage activation. This occurs through the downregulation of SIRT1 and the corresponding activation of NF-κB pathways that enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Collectively, these results demonstrate that EVs carrying pro-inflammatory signals are released by SEN cells and then activate immune cells in the SEN microenvironment, changing the inflammatory balance. Our results also explain why inflammation increases with age even though SEN cells can be immediately eliminated under rigorous immune surveillance.
Dual Fc optimization to increase the cytotoxic activity of a CD19-targeting antibody
Authors: Gehlert Carina Lynn , Rahmati Pegah , Boje Ammelie Svea , Winterberg Dorothee , Krohn Steffen , Theocharis Thomas , Cappuzzello Elisa , Lux Anja , Nimmerjahn Falk , Ludwig Ralf J. , Lustig Marta , Rösner Thies , Valerius Thomas , Schewe Denis Martin , Kellner Christian , Klausz Katja , Peipp Matthias
Published: August 2022

Targeting CD19 represents a promising strategy for the therapy of B-cell malignancies. Although non-engineered CD19 antibodies are poorly effective in mediating complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) or antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), these effector functions can be enhanced by Fc-engineering. Here, we engineered a CD19 antibody with the aim to improve effector cell-mediated killing and CDC activity by exchanging selected amino acid residues in the Fc domain. Based on the clinically approved Fc-optimized antibody tafasitamab, which triggers enhanced ADCC and ADCP due to two amino acid exchanges in the Fc domain (S239D/I332E), we additionally added the E345K amino acid exchange to favor antibody hexamerization on the target cell surface resulting in improved CDC. The dual engineered CD19-DEK antibody bound CD19 and Fcγ receptors with similar characteristics as the parental CD19-DE antibody. Both antibodies were similarly efficient in mediating ADCC and ADCP but only the dual optimized antibody was able to trigger complement deposition on target cells and effective CDC. Our data provide evidence that from a technical perspective selected Fc-enhancing mutations can be combined (S239D/I332E and E345K) allowing the enhancement of ADCC, ADCP and CDC with isolated effector populations. Interestingly, under more physiological conditions when the complement system and FcR-positive effector cells are available as effector source, strong complement deposition negatively impacts FcR engagement. Both effector functions were simultaneously active only at selected antibody concentrations. Dual Fc-optimized antibodies may represent a strategy to further improve CD19-directed cancer immunotherapy. In general, our results can help in guiding optimal antibody engineering strategies to optimize antibodies’ effector functions.
The impact of Rituximab administered before transplantation in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A real-world study
Authors: Wei Xiya , Xie Yiyu , Jiang Ruoyu , Li Huiyu , Wu Heqing , Zhang Yuqi , Li Ling , Zhou Shiyuan , Ma Xiao , Tang Zaixiang , He Jun , Wu Depei , Wu Xiaojin
Published: August 2022

Rituximab is used to eliminate B cells as a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against CD20, a B-cell antigen expressed on B cells. To explore the impact of rituximab administered before transplantation, we implemented a retrospective, monocentric study and utilized real-world data collected at our center between January 2018 and December 2020, and then followed until December 2021. Based on whether a dose of 375mg/m2 rituximab was used at least once within two weeks before transplantation, patients undergoing allo-HSCT were classified into two groups: rituximab (N=176) and non-rituximab (N=344) group. Amongst all the patients, the application of rituximab decreased EBV reactivation (P<0.01) and rituximab was an independent factor in the prevention of EBV reactivation by both univariate and multivariate analyses (HR 0.56, 95%CI 0.33-0.97, P=0.04). In AML patients, there were significant differences in the cumulative incidence of aGVHD between the two groups (P=0.04). Our data showed that rituximab was association with a decreased incidence of aGVHD in AML patients according to both univariate and multivariate analyses. There was no difference between the two groups in other sets of populations. Thus, our study indicated that rituximab administered before transplantation may help prevent EBV reactivation in all allo-HSCT patients, as well as prevent aGVHD in AML patients after allo-HSCT.