bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects for Clinical Applications of Polymer-Coated Haemoconcentrator on Extracorporeal Circuit in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgeries
Authors: Tagaya Masashi , Takahashi Shunsuke , Matsuda Morihiro , Takasaki Taiichi , Hamaishi Makoto , Hara Kazunobu
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Extracorporeal circulation circuits used in cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries are increasingly being coated with polymer materials to reduce the thrombogenicity of extracorporeal devices. However, a haemoconcentrator, which corrects haematocrit and electrolyte imbalances, is not coated with polymers. In this study, we sought to assess the filtration performance of polymer-coated haemoconcentrators in order to obtain insight into their prospects for use in clinical applications.

Methods

In vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the water pressure and flow properties of polymer-coated haemoconcentrators by comparing 3 polymer-coated haemoconcentrators with 3 non-coated haemoconcentrators. The cross-sectional surfaces of both types of haemoconcentrators were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Results

The slopes of the regression lines for estimating the filtrated fluid flow as a function of the transmembrane pressure were 6.286 ± 0.320 for polymer-coated haemoconcentrators and 3.712 ± 0.170 for non-coated haemoconcentrators. These slopes were found to be significantly different and indicate that the filtration velocity is enhanced in polymer-coated haemoconcentrators over that in non-coated haemoconcentrators. However, the hollow fibre damage observed by SEM was not shown to contribute to higher filtration flow in the polymer-coated haemoconcentrator. Taking these results into consideration, we hypothesise that a polymer coating makes a foreign surface on a hollow fibre slippery, owing to the hydrophobicity of the polymer, thereby enhancing the velocity of the filtration.

Conclusions

The results of this preliminary investigation suggest that a polymer coating can enhance the filtration performance of a haemoconcentrator and that polymer-coated haemoconcentrators might be useful in clinical applications.
Design and Cytocompatibility of Chitosan-Based Thermoresponsive Cell Culture Plates
Authors: He Xiaoling , Zhao Yuxin , Jin Zhenli , Su Yu , An Huiqin , Ge Lili , Wei Dongsheng , Chen Li
Published: September 2016

Background

The aim of this study was to develop a novel thermoresponsive material suited for tissue engineering and investigate the growth and harmless detachment of cells cultured on the surface of thermoresponsive tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS).

Methods

Thermoresponsive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and biocompatible chitosan (CS) were grafted onto the surface of TCPS by ultraviolet (UV)–induced graft polymerization. The chemical composition, surface morphology and thermoresponsiveness of the modified TCPS were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atom force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle (CA), respectively. Furthermore, the growth and detachment behaviors of mouse fibroblast cells (L929) on the surface of the modified TCPS were studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results

The modified TCPS exhibited good hydrophobic/hydrophilic property alterations in response to temperature. The cytocompatibility of the materials was improved due to the introduction of CS. Cells could be spontaneously detached from the surface without any damage, by controlling environmental temperature. The viability of cells obtained by temperature induction was higher than that obtained by enzymatic digestion.

Conclusions

This study developed a simple and economical method to fabricate thermoresponsive cell culture dishes and provided new thoughts and experimental bases for exploring novel material applied in tissue engineering.
Does Acid Etching Morphologically and Chemically Affect Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic Surfaces?
Authors: Maruo Yukinori , Nishigawa Goro , Irie Masao , Yoshihara Kumiko , Matsumoto Takuya , Minagi Shogo
Published: September 2016

Background

This study evaluated the surface morphology, chemical composition and adhesiveness of lithium disilicate glass ceramic after acid etching with hydrofluoric acid or phosphoric acid.

Methods

Lithium disilicate glass ceramic specimens polished by 600-grit silicon carbide paper were subjected to one or a combination of these surface treatments: airborne particle abrasion with 50-μm alumina (AA), etching with 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) or 36% phosphoric acid (Phos), and application of silane coupling agent (Si). Stainless steel rods of 3.6-mm diameter and 2.0-mm height were cemented onto treated ceramic surfaces with a self-adhesive resin cement (Clearfil SA Cement). Shear bond strengths between ceramic and cement were measured after 24-hour storage in 37°C distilled water.

Results

SEM images of AA revealed the formation of conventional microretentive grooves, but acid etching with HF or Phos produced a porous surface. Bond strengths of AA+HF+Si (28.1 ± 6.0 MPa), AA+Phos+Si (17.5 ± 4.1 MPa) and HF+Si (21.0 ± 3.0 MPa) were significantly greater than those of non-pretreated controls with Si (9.7 ± 3.7 MPa) and without Si (4.1 ± 2.4 MPa) (p<0.05). In addition, HF etching alone (26.2 ± 7.5 MPa) had significantly higher bond strength than AA alone (11.5 ± 4.0 MPa) (p<0.05). AA+HF, AA+Phos and HF showed cohesive failures.

Conclusions

Etching with HF or Phos yielded higher bond strength between lithium disilicate glass ceramic and self-adhesive resin cement without microcrack formation.
Association of DW/DCE-MRI Features with Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer
Authors: Shao Guoliang , Fan Linyin , Zhang Juan , Dai Gang , Xie Tieming
Published: September 2016

Background

Through analyzing apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and morphological evaluations, this research aimed to study how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based breast lesion characteristics can enhance the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.

Methods

A total of 118 breast lesions, including 50 benign and 68 malignant lesions, from 106 patients were analyzed. All lesions were measured with both diffusion-weighted (DW) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. The average ADC of breast lesions was analyzed at b values of 600, 800 and 1,000 s/mm2. Lesion margins, lesion enhancement patterns, and dynamic curves were also investigated. The relations between MRI-based features and molecular prognostic factors were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation analysis.

Results

A b value of 800 s/mm2 was used to distinguish malignant from benign breast lesions, with an ADC cutoff value of 1.365 × 10−3 mm2/s. The average ADC value between invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was significantly different. Malignant lesions were more likely to have spiculated margins, heterogeneous enhancement and washout curves. On the other hand, DCIS was more likely to have spiculated margins, heterogeneous/rim enhancement and plateau/washout dynamic curves. A significant negative correlation was found between progesterone receptor (PR) status and dynamic imaging (p = 0.027), while a significant positive correlation was found between Ki-67 status and lesion enhancement (p = 0.045).

Conclusions

Both ADC values and MRI morphological assessment could be used to distinguish malignant breast lesions from benign ones.
Efficacy of Surgical Intervention for the Treatment of Pain and Improvement of Quality of Life in Patients with Endometriosis
Authors: Bluett Ronan , Fonseca-Kelly Zara , Burke Cathy
Published: September 2016

Introduction

Endometriosis is a condition characterised by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus, which induces a chronic inflammatory reaction. It is estimated to affect 5%-15% of all women of childbearing age, with higher incidences in women suffering from pelvic pain (70%) and women with infertility issues (20%-48%).

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of surgical intervention on levels of pain and quality of life (QOL) experienced by patients undergoing surgical treatment for endometriosis in our unit.

Methods

This was a retrospective questionnaire-based study. Seventy-seven patients were identified in the hospital electronic database of surgeries. Patients were asked to rate levels of pain and QOL at the present time and to recall the same symptoms prior to undergoing surgery for endometriosis. The validated EQ-5D-3L assessment tool was used to measure QOL.

Results

Data from 26 patients were included in our final analysis. Significant reductions were demonstrated in pain scores before, during, after and between menstruations (p<0.05), during intercourse (p<0.01) and upon defecation (p<0.05). There was a significant improvement in patients’ overall QOL following surgery (p<0.01). Use of adhesion prevention intraoperatively or medication postoperatively did not result in significant differences in levels of pain or QOL.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that surgical intervention for endometriosis is an effective way to reduce pain and improve QOL in a majority of patients. However, this study design is susceptible to recall and selection bias, which may have impacted upon results.
External Beam Radiotherapy in Thyroid Carcinoma: Clinical Review and Recommendations of the AIRO “Radioterapia Metabolica” Group
Authors: Mangoni Monica , Gobitti Carlo , Autorino Rosa , Cerizza Lorenzo , Furlan Carlo , Mazzarotto Renzo , Monari Fabio , Simontacchi Gabriele , Vianello Federica , Basso Michela , Zanirato Rambaldi Giuseppe , Russi Elvio , Tagliaferri Luca
Published: September 2016

The therapeutic approach to thyroid carcinoma usually involves surgery as initial treatment. The use of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is limited to high-risk patients and depends on clinical stage and histologic type. Different behavior patterns and degrees of aggressiveness of thyroid carcinomas require different management for differentiated, medullary, and anaplastic carcinoma. However, the role of EBRT is an issue of debate. Most clinical studies are retrospective and based on single-institution experiences. In this article, we review the main literature and give recommendations for the use of EBRT in thyroid carcinoma on behalf of the “Radioterapia Metabolica” Group of the Italian Radiation Oncology Association.
Efficacy and Safety of Vinorelbine-Capecitabine Oral Metronomic Combination in Elderly Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients: VICTOR-1 Study
Authors: Cazzaniga Marina E. , Torri Valter , Riva Francesca , Porcu Luca , Cicchiello Federica , Capici Serena , Cortinovis Diego , Digiacomo Nunzio , Bidoli Paolo
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer are expected to derive similar benefits from chemotherapy as younger patients, but are more likely to experience therapy-related toxicity. Data from the VICTOR-1 study showed that metronomic therapy with vinorelbine and capecitabine was effective and well tolerated in patients with metastatic breast cancer. This analysis determined the efficacy and safety of the metronomic combination of oral vinorelbine and capecitabine in a subgroup of VICTOR-1 study patients aged ≥70 years.

Methods

Eighteen of the 32 patients enrolled in VICTOR-1 were aged ≥70 years. Objective response and clinical benefit rates were calculated and toxicity was determined using the NCI-CTCAE criteria.

Results

All patients had at least 1 comorbidity (4 had 2 comorbidities), and 77.7% were taking concomitant medication. Eight patients (44%) had received ≥1 chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease and most (78%) had ≥2 metastatic sites. Grade 1-2 adverse events occurred in 45.8% of cycles, whereas the incidence of grade 3 and grade 4 events was very low (1.5% and 0.7%, respectively). Median time to progression was 10.5 months (range 1-40). The objective response rate was 33% and the clinical benefit rate was 67%.

Conclusions

The all-oral metronomic combination of vinorelbine and capecitabine had an acceptable efficacy profile and appears to be better tolerated than standard treatment schedules in elderly metastatic breast cancer patients (age ≥70 years).
Response to Pazopanib in Two Pediatric Patients with Pretreated Relapsing Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Casanova Michela , Basso Eleonora , Magni Chiara , Bergamaschi Luca , Chiaravalli Stefano , Carta Roberto , Tirtei Elisa , Massimino Maura , Fagioli Franca , Ferrari Andrea
Published: September 2016

Pazopanib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that has proved effective in adults treated for relapsing soft tissue sarcoma and synovial sarcoma in particular. Two cases are reported here of pediatric patients with pretreated relapsing synovial sarcoma whose tumors showed a prolonged response to pazopanib given on compassionate grounds. These results suggest that new agents found effective in adult patients might achieve similar results in adolescents with the same disease. Facilitating the availability of new drugs for children and adolescents is a major challenge for pediatric oncologists.
Reduced Response of IRE1α/Xbp-1 Signaling Pathway to Bortezomib Contributes to Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma Cells
Authors: Xu Xiaoxuan , Liu Junru , Huang Beihui , Chen Meilan , Yuan Shiwen , Li Xiaozhe , Li Juan
Published: September 2016

Purpose

Proteasome inhibition with bortezomib eliminates multiple myeloma (MM) cells by partly disrupting unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the development of drug resistance limits its utility and resistance mechanism remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the role of IRE1α/Xbp-1 mediated branch of the UPR in bortezomib resistance.

Methods

The expression level of Xbp-1s was measured in 4 MM cell lines and correlated with sensitivity to bortezomib. LP1 and MY5 cells with different Xbp-1s level were treated with bortezomib; then pivotal UPR regulators were compared by immunoblotting. RPMI 8226 cells were transfected with plasmid pEX4-Xbp-1s and exposed to bortezomib; then apoptosis was determined by immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells JJN3.BR were developed and the effect on UPR signaling pathway was determined.

Results

By analyzing 4 MM cell lines, we found little correlation between Xbp-1s basic level and bortezomib sensitivity. Bortezomib induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-initiated apoptosis via inhibiting IRE1α/Xbp-1 pathway regardless of Xbp-1s basic level. Exogenous Xbp-1s reduced cellular sensitivity to bortezomib, suggesting the change of Xbp-1s expression, not its basic level, is a potential marker of response to bortezomib in MM cells. Furthermore, sustained activation of IRE1α/Xbp-1 signaling pathway in JJN3.BR cells was identified.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that reduced response of IRE1α/Xbp-1 signaling pathway to bortezomib may contribute to drug resistance in myeloma cells.
Safety and Efficacy of Dose-dense Chemotherapy with TCF Regimen in Elderly Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liguigli Wanda , Tomasello Gianluca , Toppo Laura , Poli Rossana , Lazzarelli Silvia , Negri Federica , Perrucci Bruno , Curti Alessandra , Brighenti Matteo , Donati Gianvito , Nazzari Morena , Martinotti Mario , Vismarra Marco , Rovatti Massimo , Passalacqua Rodolfo
Published: September 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dose-dense TCF in elderly (≥65 years) compared to younger patients.

Methods

Safety and efficacy data relative to 119 consecutive patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer treated at our institution and enrolled in different phase II trials were retrospectively collected. All patients were treatment-naive and received docetaxel 70 mg/m2 day 1, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 day 1, l-folinic acid 100 mg/m2 days 1-2, followed by 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 bolus days 1-2, and then 600 mg/m2 as a 22-hour continuous infusion days 1-2, every 14 days, plus pegfilgrastim 6 mg on day 3. Sixty patients (50%) aged ≥65 years received the same schedule with a dose reduction by 30%.

Results

A total of 86% of patients were evaluable for response and all for toxicity. In patients aged ≥65 years, we observed an overall response rate of 51%. Median overall survival was 11.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.3-15.1) and 11.8 months (95% CI 9.2-16.2) in elderly and younger patients, respectively. In the elderly patients, the most frequent grade 3-4 toxicities were neutropenia (13%), leukopenia (7%), thrombocytopenia (18%), anemia (3%), and febrile neutropenia (8%); in the younger patients, neutropenia (56%), leucopenia (31%), thrombocytopenia (22%), anemia (15%), and febrile neutropenia (15%).

Conclusions

Elderly patients can be safely treated with a dose-dense TCF regimen with a 30% dose reduction achieving similar efficacy results as younger patients with lesser toxicity.
Bilateral Single System Ectopic Ureter with Urolithiasis: A Rare Case Entity
Authors: Bansal Ankur , Kumar Manoj , Sokhal Ashok , Purkait Bimalesh , Kanodia Gautam
Published: September 2016

Bilateral single system ureteral ectopia (BSSEU) is an uncommon entity. Ureteric calculi in BSSEU are never reported so far. We herein report a case of BSSEU with left lower urtereic calculi managed by bilateral ureteric tapering and reimplantation with stone removal.
An Institutional Analysis of Spectrum Management in India
Authors: Prasad Rohit , Sridhar Varadharajan , Bunel Alison
Published: September 2016

The potential increase in demand for wireless data and Internet services is likely to put stress on wireless networks, both in developed and emerging countries. Spectrum, an essential national resource for commercial mobile services, needs to be allocated, assigned, and managed appropriately within the extant institutional framework in respective countries. Spectrum has varied uses apart from commercial mobile services, especially in defense and national security. Williamson's four-layer model of institutions consisting of (a) values and norms, (b) institutional rules, (c) governance structure, and (d) the transactions is used to understand and analyze the aspects of spectrum management specific to India.
A rare case of turner syndrome mosaicism in an African black woman
Authors: Rivera Yordanka Piña , Rwegerera Godfrey Mutashambara
Published: September 2016

Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by partial or complete absence of an X chromosome in at least one tissue of the body with about 50% of patients having a different chromosome formula. The 45, X/46, XY mosaicism variety is rare. We present a case of a 32-year-old black African female patient with a history of primary amenorrhea and clinical stigmata of TS without signs of virilization. The laboratory parameters were consistent with the characteristic hypergonadotropic hypogonadism found in Turner Syndrome. Laparoscopy showed streak gonads and hypoplastic uterus and the findings of the cytogenetic studies were consistent with a diagnosis of 45, X/46, XY Mosaicism. The chromosome study was decisive to confirm the diagnosis.
Anthropocentric or Ecocentric Environmentalism? Views of University Students
Authors: Alagoz Bulent , Akman Ozkan
Published: September 2016

An Indian proverb says that “the man’s heart toughen as he drifts apart from nature”. Living in harmony with nature is only possible by abandoning of mankind from its idea of dominance on nature. Deep ecology refuses the superiority of human against nature with a radical attitude within ecological philosophy, and it wants the individuals and societies to respect the nature by specially valuing it. One of the main research subjects of the philosophy of science is the relation in between human and nature. The opinions regarding whether the human is a creature who is superior than nature, or whether it is an integral part of it are important in the formation of environmental values and attitudes. And in this study, the relation of individual and nature is being addressed, and it has been tried to examine whether the teacher candidates have an anthropocentric or ecocentric perspective. This study has been performed in order to determine whether teacher candidates adopt the anthropocentric paradigm or the ecocentric paradigm in their perspective against environmental problems. The research has been prepared by using quantitative research techniques by the participation of 426 teacher candidates. Five point likert type New Environmental Paradigm Scale consisting of 15 items has been used as data collection tool. The data obtained in the research has been analyzed by using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 22.0 program. According to the data obtained in the research, it has been observed that the genders of the teacher candidates have no effect on their anthropocentric or ecocentric approach to environmental issues. Moreover, the averages of the students were higher in questions measuring the ecocentric approach within the New Environmental Paradigm Scale. The interest and protective style of the family has positive results on the teacher candidates in respect of anthropocentric approach. Nevertheless it has no effect when the ecocentric approach is in subject.
Learning Organization Impact on Internal Intellectual Capital Risks: An Empirical Study in the Jordanian Pharmaceutical Industry Companies
Authors: Alnidawi Abdul Azeez Badir , Omran Fatimah Musa
Published: September 2016

The intellectual capital with its different dimensions (Social Capital, Structural Capital, Human Capital, Creative Capital and Relational Capital) is a part of the strategic assets, which helps organizations to survive in the changing globalization environment. The intellectual capital is exposed to many risks at the level of internal environment, which require to be studied and to know their origins and diagnose their causes in order to dealing with its. The continuous learning, supporting leadership, organizing social activities that support self-learning and collective learning that contribute to the enhancement of knowledge leading to generate creativity as a part of the most important handling factors of the intellectual capital risks. This study aims to clarify the contribution mechanism of learning organization to dealing with internal intellectual capital risks. As well as, making recommendations to the decision-makers in this sector, which would contribute to the development of their organizations and help to convert them into learning organizations, and contribute to achieve their objectives efficiently and effectively. Four companies were chosen from (24) companies as a sample for this study. This study found a set of results focusing on that the learning organization can work on dealing with of intellectual capital risks with its different kinds through practicing the philosophy of learning organization. The study also found a set of recommendations that serve the purpose of the study.
Positieve veiligheid. Een inleiding
Authors: Schuilenburg Marc , van Steden Ronald
Published: September 2016

Positive security: an introduction

Criminology has come under the spell of thinking negatively about safety and security. It’s focus merely lies on themes such as control, punishment and exclusion. Much interest therefore goes to public policing, private security, CCTV camera’s, anti-social behaviour orders, gated communities and prisons. Of course, this definition of security and security governance as the protection of citizens against crime and disorder must not be rejected out of hand. Without a minimum level of security, society would fall apart in chaos and despair. At the same time, however, we feel increasingly uncomfortable about the dominance of current negative – control and risk-oriented – approaches to (in)security as they overlook positive interpretations associated with trust, community and care. This introduction therefore provides an overview of academic literature that nuance, counter or resist hegemonic and negative meanings of security. In so doing, our aim is to introduce a positive turn in criminology’s interests and concerns regarding crime and disorder problems.
Street Pastors
Authors: van Steden Ronald
Published: September 2016

Street Pastors: securitas and certitudo in British nightlife

This paper presents the results of a study on Street Pastors in Cardiff, capital city of Wales. Street Pastors are Christian volunteers who look after (intoxicated) people in the nightlife district. In so doing, they provide security through empathy and care. The motives of Street Pastors to engage with partygoers are multi-layered, but their personal faith appears as a key explanation. A certain kind of orthodox ‘certitude’ of being safe (and saved) in a Higher Power gives the pastors their strength to go out on the street, face the unknown and feel compassion for their fellow citizens.
Infecções comunitárias do trato urinário: prevalência e susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos na cidade de Florianópolis
Authors: Alves Débora Monteiro dos Santos , Edelweiss Marcos Krahe , Botelho Lúcio José
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Determinar a frequência de isolamento dos uropatógenos e avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro das bactérias isoladas em uroculturas de pacientes ambulatoriais atendidos em Florianópolis no ano de 2014, correlacionando tais dados com sexo e idade do paciente. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo do tipo transversal, que incluiu uroculturas positivas de pacientes ambulatoriais realizadas em um único laboratório seguindo a mesma metodologia. Realizaram-se análises de estatísticas descritivas e testes de associação entre as variáveis classificatórias: sexo, idade, agente etiológico e sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Resultados: Foram registradas 1035 uroculturas positivas, das quais 89,66% de pacientes femininas. Microrganismos Gram-negativos foram os patógenos mais isolados, com destaque para a Escherichia coli (77,10%), principal agente causal. Proteus mirabilis foi significativamente mais prevalente no sexo masculino e o principal microrganismo isolado nas uroculturas dos meninos de 1 a 5 anos. A E. coli foi significativamente mais prevalente no sexo feminino e apresentou o perfil mais amplo de resistência. Evidenciaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas resistências às fluoroquinolonas entre os gêneros, com maiores prevalências de resistência em homens e entre as faixas etárias, com maior resistência entre idosos. Conclusões: Idade e sexo são variáveis determinantes na frequência de isolamento dos uropatógenos e na prevalência da susceptibilidade antimicrobiana; e os microrganismos mais prevalentes já não respondem satisfatoriamente a parte dos antimicrobianos amplamente utilizados. É fundamental que o médico considere tais informações no momento da decisão terapêutica e preze pelo uso racional dos antimicrobianos, sobretudo aqueles de largo espectro como as fluoroquinolonas.
Determining Accuracy of IN05 Index and its Improvement
Authors: Kuběnka Michal
Published: September 2016

The IN05 index is probably the only one model in the world that predicts economic value added (EVA). Determining a positive or negative EVA is conducted based the level of return on equity (ROE). The threshold of the level depends on the changing value of implicit cost of equity (re). The Czech economy has undergone many changes including the economic crisis during the ten years following the creation of the IN05 index. This research uses financial data of 1,224 companies in the manufacturing sector. A very low current prediction power of IN05 was detected in prediction of prosperity. The main benefit of the research is finding a way to increase accuracy of economic value added prediction.
EVA and Stock Returns: Are They Correlated?
Authors: Sauro Matione , Tafirei Mashamba
Published: September 2016

The study sought to examine the relationship between economic value-added (EVA) and stock returns in commercial banks listed at the Johannesburg stock exchange. Furthermore, we also investigated other traditional value measures like Dividend per Share and Return on Equity in-order to identify which metric measures firm value better. The data was analysed with the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. Economic value added was found to have significant influence on the financial performance of banks. This explains why traditional performance measures have driven investors to look for alternatives, such as value based measures in most developed economies. Therefore, EVA can be reliably used to measure corporate value and performance simultaneously. This at least should be a good encouragement for South African banks to adopt Eva so as to keep up with local and international competition for foreign capital (FDIs) in global financial markets. Hence, South African banks should consider supplying EVA data when releasing annual performance figures.
La renovación cultural de Kengo Kuma: metodología de representación de la arquitectura japonesa
Authors: Xue Jin
Published: September 2016

La arquitectura moderna, con sus innegables ventajas y con su eficiencia, se ha extendido y desarrollado por todo el mundo, generando respuestas constructivas idénticas en países distantes culturalmente y amenazando con la pérdida de los rasgos culturales específicos de muchas regiones. En los últimos años, aparecen arquitectos cuyas propuestas pretenden dar solución a esta pérdida de identidad cultural. Kengo Kuma es uno de ellos. Él retoma los conceptos clave da la arquitectura tradicional dotándolos de realidad física mediante el empleo de la manera tradicional y de la tecnología moderna. Sus proyectos son aventureros e innovadores. Este artículo suma siete maneras útiles para incorporar la preexistencia arquitectónica, intentando inspirar y ofrecer ideas para los proyectos contemporáneos.

Modern architecture, with its undeniable advantage and efficiency, has been widely developed all over the world. However, it creates identical construction in countries and threats in losing the cultural identity of many regions. Nowadays, many architects make positive attempts to solve this cultural crisis. Kengo Kuma is one of them, he is trying to restore the traditional architecture with both conventional methods and modern technologies. This article, through analyzing his current works, generalizes seven practial methods to represent the architectural preexistence with the aim to give an inspirable idea for the future projects.

L'arquitectura moderna, amb les seves innegables aventatges i amb la seva deficiència, s'ha extès i desenvolupat per tot el món, generant respostes constructives idèntiques en països distants culturalment i amenaçant amb la pèrdua dels trets culturals específics de moltes regions. En els últims anys, apareixen arquitectes que presenten propostes que pretenen donar solució a aquesta pèrdua d'identitat cultural. Kengo Kuma n'és un d'ells. Ell torna als conceptes claus de l'arquitectura tradicional dotant-los de realitat física mitjançant la utilització de la manera tradicional i de la tecnologia moderna. Els seus projectes són aventurers i innovadors. Aquest article afegeix set maneres útils per incorporar la preexistència arquitectònica, intentant inspirar i oferir idees pels projectes contemporanis.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per les comarques de la terra alta i del Matarranya: des d´Horta de Sant Joan i Arnes a Vall-de-Roures i a Beseit; i des de Beseit al Parrissal i a Formenta
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Pocoví Juan Andrés , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Vilaltella Farràs Jaume
Published: September 2016

Recorregut realitzat el 16 de novembre de 2013 [1]. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut del present itinerari discorrerà per una zona en la qual conflueixen tres unitats geològiques netament diferenciades: la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre, la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana (del Sistema Mediterrani), i la Serralada Ibèrica. Així, en els primers trams del recorregut, entre Horta de Sant Joan, Arnes i Vall-de-roures el recorregut transitarà per la primera unitat esmentada, entre afloraments de materials cenozoics.  Més endavant, cap els voltants de Beseit ho farà per la segona unitat, a la denominada Zona d´Enllaç, prop ja del Sistema Ibèric. Per d´altra banda, el recorregut de l´itinerari, es repartirà entre dues comarques, de la Regió de Tortosa. Així, el primer tram del recorregut, pels voltants d´horta de Sant Joan i Arnes, es transitarà per la comarca de la Terra Alta. La resta del recorregut, entre Vall-de-roures i Beseit s´efectuarà per la comarca del Matarranya.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca del Matarranya: des de Beseit a Vall – de - Roures
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Pocoví Juan Andrés , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Vilaltella Farràs Jaume
Published: September 2016

Recorregut realitzat el 16 de novembre de 2013. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut del present itinerari discorrerà per una zona en la qual conflueixen tres unitats geològiques netament diferenciades: la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre, la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana (del Sistema Mediterrani), i la Serralada Ibèrica. Així, cap els voltants de Beseit ho farà per la tercera unitat, a la denominada Zona d´Enllaç, prop ja del Sistema Ibèric. Cal dir que circularem més lluny de la zona corresponent a la segona unitat (la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana del Sistema Mediterrani). Per d´altra banda, en diferents trams del recorregut, circularem per la primera titat (la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre). També cal dir  d´altra banda, que el recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà per una sola comarca, la del Matarranya, situant-se sempre dintre de la Regió de Tortosa.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca del Matarranya i la Terra Alta: des de Vall-de-Roures a Fondespatla
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Pocoví Juan Andrés , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Vilaltella Farràs Jaume
Published: September 2016

Recorregut realitzat el 17 de novembre de 2013. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut del present itinerari discorrerà per una zona en la qual conflueixen tres unitats geològiques netament diferenciades: la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre, la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana (del Sistema Mediterrani), i la Serralada Ibèrica. Així, cap els voltants de Beseit ho farà per la tercera unitat, a la denominada Zona d´Enllaç, prop ja del Sistema Ibèric. Cal dir que circularem més lluny de la zona corresponent a la segona unitat (la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana del Sistema Mediterrani). Per d´altra banda, en diferents trams del recorregut, circularem per la primera titat (la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre). També cal dir  d´altra banda, que el recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà per una sola comarca, la del Matarranya, situant-se sempre dintre de la Regió de Tortosa.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica pels departaments de l’ Aude i del Tarn: des de Las Tors / Lastours a Limosins / Limousis, Cabrespina / Cabrespine i a la Pica de Nòra / Pic de Nore
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: September 2016

Recorregut realitzat el 8 de juliol del 2014. El recorregut del present itinerari, es desenvoluparà quasi totalment a cavall d´una de les unitats geològiques situades a la França del Sud, concretament a Montagne Noire, la qual estableix aquí la frontera entre el Departament de l´Aude i el Departament del Tarn. Així, al llarg de tot el recorregut, anirem trobant afloraments dels materials paleozoics que constitueixen la  Montagne Noire. Aquests afloraments dels materials paleozoics (del Precambrià i del Cambro – Ordovicià al Carbonífer), de molt diversa naturalesa Tot i així, una petita part del recorregut, es durà a terme per la Depressió de Carcassona (extrem oriental de la Depressió d´Aquitania). Així, pels voltants del poble de Vilanava de Menerbés / Villeneuve – Minervois, trobarem afloraments dels materials terrígens de l´Eocè. Per d´altra banda, aquest recorregut es desenvoluparà íntegrament pels Departaments de l´Aude, des de Las Tors / Lastours quasi fins a la fi del recorregut; i també pel Departament del Tarn en els darrers trams del mateix, a la Pica de Nora / Pic de Nore, el cim culminant de la Montagne Noire.
Recorregut de recerca de geològica i mineralògica per les comarques de l´Alta Ribagorça i del Pallars Jussà: des de les Bordes a Pont de Suert, a les Mines de Malpàs, Adons, Corroncui i a Erinyà
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: September 2016

Itinerari realitzat el 31 de juliol de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, la totalitat del present recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà pel Sistema Pirinenc (i més concretament per la denominada Unitat de les Nogueres així com pel Mantell de Bóixols, en els darrers trams del recorregut de l´itinerari. Així, el recorregut s´iniciarà a Les Bordes, prop del Pont de Suert, per anar després a les conegudes Mines de Malpàs, situades dintre de la Unitat de les Nogueres. Després, el recorregut es dirigirà cap el Sud, fins trobar la carretera N – 260, per la qual s´anirà cap al Viu de Llevata. Aquest tram ja s´efectuarà dintre del Mantell de Bóixols, el qual ja no s´abandonarà fins a la fi del recorregut de l´itinerari. Per altra banda, el recorregut s´efectuarà dintre de les comarques de l´Alta Ribagorça (per on s´iniciarà) i del Pallars Jussà (per on finalitzarà). Així, començarà a Les Bordes, prop del Pont de Suert,  finalitzant prop del poble d´Erinyà, dintre de la comarca del Pallars Jussà.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per les comarques del Pallars Jussà i de la Noguera: des de Talarn a Tremp, Suterranya, Sant Salvador de Toló i a Vilanova de Meià
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: September 2016

Itinerari realitzat el 9 d’agost de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà, en la seva quasi totalitat pel Sistema Pirinenc, i més concretament ho farà per la seva Unitat Sudpirinenca Central (també anomenada com a les Serres Exteriors Prepirinenques). En concret, el recorregut del present itinerari passarà per dos dels seus sectors més representatius; concretament pel Mantell del Montsec (més situat al Sud) i també per alguns indrets del Mantell de la Serra de Sant Mamet, situat al Sud de l´anterior, cap a la fi del recorregut, que veurem de molt a prop. Així, l’itinerari s’iniciarà dintre del Mantell del Montsec, però les immediacions de la població de Talarn. Després, la major part del recorregut discorrerà per aquest mantell, fins arribar a les immediacions de Vilanova de Meià. Per altra banda, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà íntegrament per dues úniques comarques: s´iniciarà a la del Pallars Jussà (de la Regió de Tremp), per a finalitzar a la Noguera (de la Regió de Lleida).  Concretament, ho farà entre les poblacions de la Talarn i Meià.
Recorregut de recerca de geològica i mineralògica per les comarques de l´Alta Ribagorça i del Pallars Jussà: des del Pas de Llevata a Manyanet
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: September 2016

Itinerari realitzat el 9 d’agost de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, la totalitat del present recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà pel Sistema Pirinenc i més concretament per la denominada Zona Axial Pirinenca (pels denominats Apilaments Antiformes de la Zona Axial Pirinenca). Així, el recorregut podria iniciar-se a per les immediacions de la població de Taüll, concretament al Pas de Llevata, situat dintre de l´esmentada Zona Axial Pirinenca (Apilaments Antiformes de la Zona Axial Pirinenca). A partir d´aquest indret i fins a la fi del recorregut, ens anirem sempre desplaçant per aquesta subunitat dels Pirineus, fins a la fi del recorregut. Així, anirem trobant afloraments dels materials paleozoics. En un principi, veure els materials de l´Ordovicià (fonamentalment esquistos i quarsites: Tanmateix trobarem afloraments del Silurià (les conegudes pissarres negres). I, finalment trobarem els materials del Devonià (tant els carbonatats com els pissarrencs). Molt sovint, aquets materials els veurem recoberts per terrenys cenozoics del Neogen (generalment del Pleistocè i de l´Holocè), de caràcter eminentment detrítics, d´origen glacial. Per altra banda, aquest recorregut es realitzarà a través de dues comarques de la Regió dels Pirineus. Començarà a l´Alta Ribagorça (al terme de Barruera), iniciant-se-se des de prop de Taüll (Pas de Llevata).. A partir d´aquest indret, el recorregut es situarà dintre del Pallars Jussà, pel terme de Sarroca de Bellera; tot i que abans, aquest sector pertanyia al terme de Benes, ara integrat al de Sarroca, però antuvi situat a l´Alta Ribagorça.
The Reliability of Venous Duplex Ultrasound and Clinical Findings for the Diagnosis of Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Adams Katie , Sheth Shyam A. , Meyr Andrew J.
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The gold standard for the diagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is reported to be venous duplex ultrasound (VDU) because it is noninvasive, sensitive, relatively inexpensive, and can be performed at a patients bedside. The objective of this investigation was to measure agreement in the interpretation of VDU between multiple medical specialties.

METHODS: Agreement among different physicians who typically interpret VDU images were examined. The physicians were from multiple specialties and included 3 vascular surgeons (VS), 3 emergency medicine physicians (EM), and 1 radiologist. Four complete VDU imaging tests originally obtained for suspected DVT and used for the diagnosis were organized onto a computer program and independently reviewed by the seven physicians. The physicians were asked to review and interpret the VDU imaging test and note whether the test was positive or negative for thrombosis.

RESULTS: For the first case, 2 physicians diagnosed a positive examination while 5 physicians diagnosed a negative examination. For the second case, 4 physicians diagnosed a positive examination while 3 physicians diagnosed a negative examination. For the third case, 4 physicians diagnosed a positive examination while 3 physicians diagnosed a negative examination. For the fourth case, 6 physicians diagnosed a positive examination, while 1 physician diagnosed a negative examination. These findings resulted in an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value of 0.292 indicating a fair degree of agreement.

CONCLUSIONS: We think these findings indicate that VDU may lack the diagnostic accuracy to be considered a gold standard for the diagnosis of lower extremity DVT. We also think this finding highlights the importance of appreciating that VDU is a dynamic evaluation reliant on the clinical knowledge and technical skills of whoever is performing the test. Reviewing static imaging alone may not provide enough information to make the diagnosis consistently.
A Retrospective Study of Onychomycosis, Clinical Diagnosis Versus Laboratory Diagnosis
Authors: El-Sayed Arwa M , Karpo Marc , Jasani Aisha , Love Ebony , Robinson Lesly
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Onychomycosis is defined as a fungal infection of the nail usually caused by a dermatophyte. This retrospective study will compare the diagnosis of onychomycosis based on clinical exam findings in comparison to laboratory results.

METHODS: Clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis of the nail is made through visual inspection of the nail. The characteristics that define a clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis include but is not limited to: thickness of nail, discoloration (yellow, black, and/or brown), crumbly texture, subungual debris, subungual fluid, splitting of the nail, and/or nail dystrophy. Patients were treated with either a topical or oral drug and this was based solely on the clinical characteristics of the nail with no further lab testing. The most recent 50 charts from the past three years (1/1/2013 to 1/31/2016) were utilized to conduct this retrospective study. The charts were analyzed based on the following criteria: patients that were clinically diagnosed with onychomycosis and also had a positive laboratory results that included a PAS, PCR, or KOH staining.

RESULTS: We found that there was a higher incidence of clinically positive diagnosis vs. laboratory culture positive results.

CONCLUSIONS: As expected fungal nail cultures are sometimes less sensitive than our clinical evaluation. This may be due to false negatives or failure to obtain an adequate sample for culture analysis. This may effect treatment standard of care and accuracy of treatment.
Impact of Arch Height Flexibility on Dynamic Plantar Pressure in Healthy Young Subjects with Planus Feet
Authors: Song Jinsup , Choe Kersti , Neary Michael , Zifchock Rebecca A. , Cameron Kenneth , Trepal Michael , Hannon Marian , Hilstrom Howard J.
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Healthy feet are important for overall health and well-being. Previous studies of older subjects showed that those with a lowered arch had an increased odds of having foot deformities, pain, and hyperpronation in gait. (1–3) No investigation to date has comprehensively characterized foot biomechanics in a large sample of healthy active young subjects.

METHODS: Foot structure, function, and arch height flexibility (AHF) were measured in 1,052 incoming cadets to the United States Military Academy. Based on the previously established standing arch height index (AHI), 70% of subjects exhibited planus foot structures. (4,5) To examine the effects of AHF on dynamic barefoot plantar pressure, 1,414 planus feet were further categorized by AHF. Those that fell within the highest and the lowest quintiles were defined as flexible and stiff AHF, respectively, while the middle 3 quintiles were categorized as referent.

RESULTS: Descriptive statistics and normality testing were performed using SPSS software version 22 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). A Generalized Linear Model with an identify link function was used to examine the effects of AHF category while accounting for potential dependence in bilateral data. The Wald Chi-square was calculated for each dependent variable with significance set at p < 0.05. Post hoc pairwise comparisons for all pairs were performed using the Generalized Chi Square test at P < 0.017.

CONCLUSIONS: A significant difference was found in Center of Pressure Excursion Index (CPEI) and Peak Pressure (PP). Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed a significant difference between flexible versus stiff AHF: those with flexible AHF exhibited reduced CPEI (greater hyperpronation) while those with stiff AHF showed elevated PP. Results suggest that, in addition to AHI, the arch flexibility may affect dynamic foot function. This was a part of larger study. Additional studies are needed to examine the effects of AHI and AHF on regional plantar loading and overuse injuries.
Improvement on electrical properties of screen-printed silicon solar cells by light-induced electroplating of silver
Authors: Li Tao , Wang Wenjing
Published: September 2016

The total power losses are analyzed based on two-layer electrode of light-induced electroplating after screen printing. By the introduction of scale factor in the calculation, optical losses are closer to the actual condition. Optimized two-layer contact of front side could diminish power losses distinctly and improve the current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of crystalline silicon solar cells. The relative increments of I–V parameters as a function of electroplating time are measured. The quantitative comparison of analytical results between half-ellipse shape model and half-circled shape model is performed. The numerical simulation results and experimental data show good agreement. Due to the successful verification, the simulation results could be used to optimize the two-layer electrode structure and light-induced electroplating process.