bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification Des Zones Potentielles De Recharge Des Aquifères Fracturés Du Bassin Versant Du N’zo (Ouest De La Côte d’Ivoire) : Contribution Du SIG Et De La Télédétection
Authors: Oularé Sékouba , Adon Gnangui Christian , Akpa Lucette You , Saley Mahaman Bachir , Kouamé Fernand Koffi , Therrien René
Published: January 2018

In a watershed one of the most important data is recharge because it is the main groundwater supply. Recharge is however, a difficult parameter to calculate due to its variability. The objective of this study is to propose a method of identifying potential recharge zone which is applicable to large watersheds. The study area is the N’zo watershed located in the West of Côte d’Ivoire. It covers an area of 4,300 km2 . The water supply of the population is essentially ensured by the fractured aquifers which are the regional aquifers.The data used in this study are classified in two groups1) the cartographic data are composed of geological soil and drainage maps; and 2) data from remote sensing which consist of slope, land use and fractures maps. These data are combined through a multi-criteria analysis to facilitate spatial analysis and identification of potential recharge areas. The results indicate that potential areas of high recharge account for about 20% of the total watershed area. They are mainly located in the south and center and appear fragmented in the north of the watershed.
Evaluation De La Prematurite Superieure Ou Egale A 32 Semaine D’amenorhée A L’hopital Regional De Ziguinchor Au Sud Du Senegal (Afrique De L’ouest)
Authors: Niokhor Diouf Francois , Bintou Diallo Fatima , Lamine Thiam , Yaya Kane , Demba Ba Idrissa , Abouba Ba , Mactar Faye Pape , Ousmane Ndiaye , Modou Gueye , Ramatoulaye Diagne Ndeye
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Prematurity is one of the leading causes of neonatal death in Africa. The objective of this work was to assess the preterm birth at the pediatric service of the regional hospital of Ziguinchor. Material and methods: This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study of the case of hospitalized newborns whose age was between 32 SA to 36SA + 6 days. The study was conducted from May 21, 2013 to May 21, 2014. We included all premature infants at age ≥ 32SA.Those presenting a malformation were not included. We studied maternal socio-demographic, obstetric and neonatal parameters. Results: We have identified 140 newborns out of a total of 342 Preterm births and 2292 maternity births, a prevalence of 40.9% compared to preterm infants and 6.10% in relation to all births. 51.4 percent of mothers came from urban areas, 63.5 percent were between 20 and 34 years of age, not attending school in 45.7 percent, married in 72.9 percent and without work in 94.3 percent. The average gestures represented 3.09 . Arterial hypertension was the most common medical condition (67.7%). The followup was done by a midwife (82.1%) and 23.5% had received at least 4 NPC. Eclampsia and pre-eclampsia (48.9%) and RPM (42.8%) were common obstetric pathologies. The delivery was by caesarian (51.4%), hospital (92.1%), cephalic presentation (80%), with an average weight of 1816.79 g. An RCIU (16.4%), an RPM (61.9%). At birth, a DR (16.4%) was noted due to MMH (43.7%) and transitory tachypnea (50%). Asphyxia was reported in 3.5%. During hospitalization (6.7 days on average), 6.4% had RD caused by infection (77.7%). Other complications were infection (64.4%), hypoglycemia (28.5%), digestive hemorrhage (7.01%). The fatality rate was 7.9% due to infection (63.3%), DR (18%), haemorrhage (9%). The anthropometric measurements at the exit: P 1887.9g, T: 38.3cm, PC: 30.9cm; at 1 month P: 2387.1g, T: 46.6cm, PC: 32.8cm; at 30 months P: 12.1kg, T: 89.5cm, PC: 48.4cm. Conclusion: Moderate preterm birth accounts for almost half of the cases of prematurity in our series. Their optimal management would go through a better obstetric-neonatal collaboration but above all by the installation of kangaroo mother units
Assessment of the Impact of Petroleum Depot Effluents on a Nearby River Quality
Authors: Abdus-Salam Nasir , Ademola Olamide Sodiq , Bello Mojeed Olalekan
Published: January 2018

The possible effects of the petroleum depot effluents on the river water quality were examined. Twelve-monthly water sampling (June, 2015 to May, 2016) were taken from upstream and downstream of the river. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), total solid (TS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total alkalinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness, phosphate, sulphate, nitrate, chloride and heavy metals were determined using standard methods. The pH, temperature, TDS, TSS, TS, BOD, total alkalinity and chloride concentrations exceeded the guidelines values of WHO, SON and EPA during the dry season and within the permissible limits during the rainy season. The EC, total hardness, sulphate and nitrate were within the range of standards while phosphate and turbidity exceeded the permissible standard values throughout the sampling period. Pearson correlation coefficient of ions showed that there was a significant correlation at the 0.01 probability level. Therefore, the metals and anions are from a common source. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric results showed that concentration of Cd and Ni exceeded standard values, 0.005 and 0.1 mg/L respectively during the dry season while Pb and Cr exceeded the permissible limits, 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L during the rainy season. Copper was within the permissible limit 0.5 mg/L while Zn exceeded the permissible limit 0.05 mg/L throughout sampling periods. The levels of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Cr in the river are particularly high enough to cause public concerns.
Mothers and Premature Infants’ Emotional Interactions in a Neonatal Infant Care Unit: Case Studies
Authors: Tropiano Ligia M.C.C. , Fiamenghi-Jr Geraldo A. , Blascovi-Assis Silvana M.
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to describe the ways premature infants and their mothers emotionally interact in the first weeks of their lives. In order to understand the intersubjective dyadic interaction between mother and premature infant, a qualitative and descriptive approach to research has been adopted. Four dyads comprised of primiparae women and their newly-born premature infants took part in the study. The babies were born prematurely after 28 to 35 weeks of gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Data was collected filming the first dyadic interaction with infant in the mother’s arms, lasting between 15 to 30 minutes. After that first registry, dyadic behaviors between mother and baby were described and categorized following the intersubjective categories suggested by Fiamenghi (1999) and Fiamenghi et al. (2010). Results showed that dyads display positive emotions, with infants’ behaviors falling into the categories of negotiation, interaction and emotional curiosity; as well as a low frequency of negative behaviors. The outcome of this research reinforces the need to adopt a humanizing approach to prematurely born infants and their mothers in NICU, as well as training and awareness of the whole multidisciplinary team that deals with them.
Revisiting the Need for Critical Research in Undergraduate Colombian English Language Teaching
Authors: Granados-Beltrán Carlo
Published: January 2018

This article shares a reflection based on the relations found between the partial findings of two on-going projects in a BA program in bilingual education. The first study is named Critical Interculturality in Initial Language Teacher Education Programs whose partial data were obtained through interviews with four expert professors of Licensure programs across Colombia. The second project is Estado del Arte de los Trabajos de Grado 2009 - 2016, which involved an inventory of the theses done by students as graduation requirements for the BA program. Based on these data, the article urges a re-assessment of criticality in research at the undergraduate level by problematizing the hegemonization of action research, the instrumentalization of language and research, and the subalternity for those being researched.
Exploring Students’ Perceptions About English Learning in a Public University
Authors: Jiménez Patricia Kim
Published: January 2018

This manuscript reports the final findings of an exploratory, descriptive case study that aimed at exploring the perceptions of a group of English as a foreign language students in a public university regarding their English learning and the commitment level through the process. A questionnaire, a survey, and the teacher’s diary were the instruments used to gather data. The results showed the way the participants study and learn English, their most common learning styles and study strategies. Additionally, they revealed some students’ low levels of commitment and autonomy, and some indifference as regards English, too.
Unveiling EFL and Self-Contained Teachers’ Discourses on Bilingualism Within the Context of Professional Development
Authors: Camargo Cely Jennyfer Paola
Published: January 2018

Throughout time, the predominant use of certain languages has allowed some nations to take control over others and assure for them a privileged position. This study unveiled how certain practices and ideologies in regard to bilingualism have influenced teachers’ professional development. Data were collected through discussion group sessions, reflective journals, and protocols from five teachers from a private K-11 school in Bogota. Analysis indicated participants’ discourses drew on hegemonic, colonial, and manipulative ideas. Nevertheless, when dialoguing and peer coaching, a discourse of resistance was constituted. The study suggested further research into teachers’ professional growth, bilingualism, and bilingual education in monolingual contexts as the Colombian one.
Influence of Strategies-Based Feedback in Students’ Oral Performance
Authors: Sisquiarco Angie , Sánchez Rojas Santiago , Abad José Vicente
Published: January 2018

This article reports on an action research study that assessed the influence of cognitive and metacognitive strategies-based feedback in the oral performance of a group of 6th grade students at a public school in Medellin, Colombia. Researchers analyzed students’ oral performance through assessment and self-assessment rubrics, applied inventories to students before and after giving them the strategies-based feedback, and interviewed all students and one parent. Results showed that strategies-based feedback supported by previous strategies instruction can help students both increase the use of strategies and improve their oral performance.
Pre-Service English Teachers’ Voices About the Teaching Practicum
Authors: Castañeda-Trujillo Jairo Enrique , Aguirre-Hernández Ana Jackelin
Published: January 2018

This paper shows the results of a pedagogical experience with a group of pre-service English teachers during their first semester of teaching practicum. The data were collected by means of reflection papers written by them, and then the resulting papers were analyzed under the principles of codification of grounded theory. The results show that pre-service English teachers develop a sense of awareness of the context they work on. Also, the mentor teacher is important in such understanding, because she or he provides theories and personal experiences that contribute to the reflection. Finally, we conclude that pre-service teachers’ reflections could contribute to curriculum development, so, it is advisable that language teacher education programs provide the mechanisms to give them a voice.
PENGARUH LAJU PREKURSOR SERBUK ALUMINIUM TERHADAP BENTUK MORFOLOGI NANOPARTIKEL ALUMINA DENGAN METODE THERMAL PLASMA
Authors: Rochman Havid Arifian , Dirgantara Arief Ginanjar , Junus Salahudin , Sholahuddin Imam , Muttaqin Aris Zainul
Published: January 2018

The synthesis of nanoparticles using thermal DC plasma method is a simple method for ease of installation and high efficiency is due to the rate of precursor that can be controlled. Micro-sized aluminum powder is synthesized using thermal DC plasma undergoing a process of evaporation as it passes through high temperature plasma flame, where kemuadian oxidized aluminum particles which evaporates the particles are split and binds with oxygen to form aluminum oxide or also known as alumina (Al2O3). In this experiment, the flow rate of oxygen plasma parameters at 35 SCFH (Standard Cubic Feet per Hour) and 20 amperes flows with precursors rate variation of 1.16 g / min, 3.19 g / min, and 3.5 g / min. Precursors used is 88 micro sized aluminum powder. To determine the morphology of nanoparticles of alumina testing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphology form of nanosphere. Results of the analysis showed that the rate of precursor low causing agglomeration level slightly while the higher rate of precursor agglomeration rate also increased. At the rate of precursor 1.16 g / min, nanoparikel undergo agglomeration with an average particle size of 36.55 nm, and then at a rate of 3.19 gr precursor / mnt an average particle size of 46.49 nm, and at a rate of 3.5 gr / mnt an average particle size of 46.49 nm. The powder nanoparticles were then characterized using X-ray defraksi (XRD) where all alumina nanoparticles were synthesized showed alumina phase that is formed is a phase δ-Al2O3.

Keywords: Alumina nanoparticles, DC Thermal Plasma, morphology, precursor rate, nanoparticles size, SEM, XRD.
Os tempos para o trabalho e para a família na população feminina em áreas metropolitanas brasileiras
Authors: Oliveira Maria Coleta F.A. de , Marcondes Glaucia dos Santos
Published: January 2018

O artigo objetiva discutir aspectos da vida produtiva e reprodutiva feminina, analisando a distribuição do tempo com afazeres domésticos e jornada de trabalho fora de casa, comparando trabalhadoras com filhos e sem filhos, de 16 a 59 anos de idade, residentes em áreas metropolitanas. As informações são provenientes das PNADs 2002 e 2012. Os resultados apontam para a manutenção de uma extensa jornada semanal feminina dedicada tanto ao trabalho doméstico-familiar quanto ao trabalho fora de casa. As mulheres ocupadas respondem por uma jornada média em afazeres domésticos três vezes superior à dos homens, principalmente as que são mães.
Heitor Ferreira Lima e o Nacional-Desenvolvimentismo
Authors: Juliani Alexandre
Published: January 2018

O objetivo central deste artigo é fazer uma reflexão crítica sobre os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos utilizados na obra de Heitor Ferreira Lima. Pretendemos demonstrar, através da análise de alguns aspectos recorrentes em sua obra, a subordinação ao pensamento de Roberto Simonsen, principal líder da burguesia industrial do século XX. Assim, por meio da observação de evidências que descaracterizam uma análise integralmente marxista nos escritos de Lima, consideramos que seu pensamento fez parte do arcabouço ideológico da burguesia industrial em prol do nacional-desenvolvimentismo.
Segurança pública e lógica neoliberal: a realidade brasileira
Authors: Mendes Kíssila Teixeira
Published: January 2018

A pesquisa se baseia na revisão bibliográfica sobre segurança pública e Neoliberalismo e no uso de dados quantitativos, posteriores aos anos 2000, que permitam analisar, em um primeiro momento, a lógica neoliberal e sua inserção no Brasil e, posteriormente, a presença desta orientação nas políticas criminais e penais. O trabalho tem o objetivo de compreender, a partir de uma análise pautada na criminologia crítica, os mecanismos estatais que definem o objeto e que reagem ao crime, e parte da hipótese de que a responsabilização pelos níveis alarmantes de criminalidade na sociedade é direcionada para a população pobre (criminalização da pobreza).
Epistemologia barroca de triste figura: Dom Quixote como um exemplo da transformação da epistèmê do século XVII a partir de As Palavras e as Coisas de Foucault
Authors: Dias Luís Francisco Fianco
Published: January 2018

O presente texto tem como tema a representação do personagem e da obra de Cervantes, Dom Quixote, dentro da reflexão de Michel Foucault sobre a transformação dos modelos epistemológicos da civilização ocidental na passagem do Renascimento para o Classicismo presente nos primeiros capítulos de sua obra As Palavras e as Coisas. Para tanto, usaremos, além dos textos já citados de Foucault e de Cervantes, um conto do escritor argentino Jorge Luís Borges referido por Foucault, El Idioma Analítico de John Wilkins, bem como o livro de Jean Calmon O Dom Quixote de Foucault, entre outros.
Arrigo Barnabé e o pop-rock nos anos 1980
Authors: Fenerick José Adriano
Published: January 2018

O artigo discute a presença do rock e da música pop na música de Arrigo Barnabé. Um dos expoentes da chamada Vanguarda Paulista, Arrigo ficou conhecido e se destacou devido ao seu uso do dodecafonismo e do atonalismo na canção popular brasileira. No entanto, em sua obra destacam-se também elementos do rock e da música pop, elementos pouco comentados pelos pesquisadores da Vanguarda Paulista. Assim, o artigo propõe destacar o lado pop-rock do autor de Tubarões Voadores (1984).
Effects of timing and intensity of elevated temperatures on reproductive development of field-grown Shiraz grapevines
Authors: Pagay Vinay , Collins Cassandra
Published: January 2018

Aim: To investigate whether timing and duration of exposure to elevated temperatures impact the reproductive development of field-grown Shiraz grapevines.Methods and results: The reproductive responses of Shiraz grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) to two levels of elevated temperatures at budburst and flowering were investigated in an irrigated vineyard in the Barossa Valley (South Australia) over two consecutive growing seasons. Custom-built under-vine ‘tents’ and closed flow-through chambers enclosing a set of grapevines in the field were used to raise canopy temperatures above ambient. Higher temperatures at flowering resulted in lower yields due to decreased fruit set in 2007-08, while yield was virtually unaltered the following year despite the lower fruit set. Two indicators of grapevine reproductive performance, Coulure Index and Millerandage Index that quantify abscised and underdeveloped berries, respectively, were calculated to be higher as a result of the heat treatments in both seasons. Stigma receptivity, pollen germination, and pollen tube kinetics were generally lower in vines grown under the tents.Conclusion: Flowering and fruit set are strongly influenced by temperature changes during this period of development.Significance and impact of study: This is one of the first field based studies to demonstrate that extreme temperatures (>35°C) during the flowering period detrimentally effect fruit set and final yield and thus providing critical knowledge for managing vineyards in a changing climate.
Effects of late winter pruning at different phenological stages on vine yield components and berry composition in La Rioja, North-central Spain
Authors: Zheng Wei , García Jesús , Balda Pedro , Martínez de Toda Fernando
Published: January 2018

Aims: Under global warming, the desynchrony between technology maturity and phenolic maturity of wine grapes is a worthy concern. Late winter pruning (LWP) has been proved to be an effective way to delay the grape phenological stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LWP at different phenological stages (based on Baillod & Baggiolini system) on the delay of the grape ripening, on vine yield components as well as on berry composition, among others, the anthocyanin to sugar ratio.Methods and results: The two-year (2015 and 2016) trial was conducted in Rioja wine region (North of Spain) on Maturana vines and in each year, four pruning treatments were carried out taking apical buds/shoots as reference: (1) winter pruning at stage A (WPA; dormant bud); (2) LWP at stage C (LWPC; green shoot tip) in 2015 and at stage F (LWPF; inflorescence clearly visible) in 2016; (3) LWP at stage G (LWPG; inflorescences separated); (4) LWP at stage H (LWPH; flowers separated). LWPC failed to delay the late phenological stages and did not exert important influence on vine yield and berry composition. LWPG and LWPH succeeded to delay all the phenological stages of grapes to a great extent and created a considerably cooler and longer ripening period compared to WPA. Vine yield was not affected by LWPF and was reduced significantly (averagely by 41%) by LWPG. LWPH lead to great losses in yield (averagely by 67%), especially in 2015. LWPG did not change the fruit composition while LWPH increased the ratio of anthocyanin to sugar and helped to maintain a relatively high level of acidity in berries.Conclusions: The primary cause of the decline in production seems to be the losses of flowers and/or the reduction in fruit set percentage in the current season, instead of the losses in inflorescences within buds in the previous season. For Maturana grapes, LWP after the stage F would reduce the vine yield and could be applied as an alternative to the time consuming cluster thinning to meet the needs of yield control. Delaying the winter pruning to stage H could improve the fruit quality in spite of the greater risk of botrytis and a serious decline in production.Significance and impact of the study: The outcomes of this research open a door for the winegrowers to realize the yield control in a simple way. Also, for those who only pursue wines of top quality (regardless of production), a very late winter pruning might provide them with high-quality grapes. Moreover, as can be seen obviously from our results, viticulturists could postpone the budburst date to whatever extent they wish thus reducing the risk of spring frost injury to zero, though this point is not our focus in the study.
Resilience of grapevine yield in response to warming
Authors: Sadras Victor , Moran Martin , Petrie Paul
Published: January 2018

Aim: To evaluate the effect of elevated temperature on the yield of Shiraz vines in the Barossa Valley of Australia.Methods and results: We compiled and analysed 37 pair-wise yield comparisons between heated and control vines spaning seven consecutive vintages from 2009-10. Heating with open-top chambers increased daily average temperature by approx. 2 °C above ambient in realistic vineyard conditions, in comparison to 0.9 to 2.9 °C projected warming for south-eastern Australia (2030-2070). The combination of seasons, varieties, fruit loads, pruning times, and water regimes returned an 8.5-fold variation in the yield of unheated vines. Warming had no statistically significant effect on yield in 32 out of 37 comparisons, reduced yield in 2 and increased yield in 3.Conclusion: Projected warming is unlikely to cause widespread reduction of yield in environments with thermal regimes similar to Barossa Valley; extrapolation to cooler or warmer regions is not warranted.Significance and impact of the study: The relevance of this finding is three-fold. First, it demonstrates vine resilience against the target of the Paris Agreement setting a long-term goal of holding global warming below 2 °C. Second, further research on adaptation to warming needs to focus on logistic issues such as early harvest, and fruit composition with implications for wine quality, rather than yield. Third, this summary data set is a robust reference to benchmark time-series and modelling analysis of vine yield in response to warming.
URBAN SPACES, RURAL SPACES, AND "OTHER SPACES" IN INDONESIAN FILM FLYERS (1966–1998)
Authors: Woodrich Christopher A.
Published: January 2018

In this article, I examine some three hundred Indonesian film flyers released between 1966 and 1998. I identify three categories of spatial representation: urban spaces, rural spaces, and what I term "other spaces". Urban spaces utilize depictions of high-rises, landmarks, sexuality, crowds, and/or technology as markers of a (Westernized) modernity. Depictions of rural spaces, conversely, emphasize the beauty or dangers of the natural world, as well as strong emotions and primitivism. These depictions suggest the prioritization of an orderly urbanity over a disorderly rurality, with more orderly rural spaces only being locations for travel. "Other spaces", meanwhile, present and/or combine markers of urban and/or rural space, thus forcing viewers to differentiate between place and space and recognize both the constructed nature of space itself and the possible benefits of disorder.

 
SELAMETAN KEMATIAN DI DESA JAWENG KABUPATEN BOYOLALI
Authors: Sari Dinia Agustia Artika
Published: January 2018

 

ABSTRAK

Tradisi merupakan suatu bentuk kegiatan yang dilakukan terus menerus oleh masyarakat, sehingga menjadi suatu kebiasaan  dan pada akhirnya menjadi bagian penting yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kehidupan masyarakat (Agus Riyanto, 2014:1). Tradisi membentuk suatu nilai-nilai budaya dan kearifan lokal yang menjadi pedoman bagi masyarakat dalam menjalani kehidupan sehari-hari serta menjadi suatu kekayaan budaya bagi suatu daerah yang harus dilestarikan dan dipertahankan keberadaannya. Sampai saat ini, masih  banyak desa-desa di Jawa yang  melakukan  tradisi seperti itu. Desa tersebut adalah Desa Jaweng, Kecamatan Simo, Kabupaten  Boyolali. Salah satu  tradisi yang  masih dilakukan adalah tradisi selametan kematian yang terdapat nilai-nilai Islam di dalam pelaksanaanya seperti adanya ceramah agama Islam atau tausiyah, membaca do’a-do’a, ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an, sholawat, dan berdzikir yang dikenal dengan tahlilan. Tradisi selametan  setelah  kematian  tersebut  sampai sekarang masih banyak dilakukan  masyarakat di Desa Jaweng karena didorong oleh suatu sistem keyakinan dan kepercayaan yang  kuat terhadap sistem nilai dan adat istiadat yang sudah berjalan turun temurun. Tulisan ini bertujuan  agar masyarakat mengetahui bahwa keberadaan tradisi selametan  kematian  di Desa Jaweng tersimpan nilai positif dalam pelaksanaannya. Masyarakat di Desa Jaweng memiliki sudut pandang yang berbeda-beda dalam menilai tradisi tersebut. Seperti halnya ada masyarakat yang memiliki keinginan atau termotivasi untuk menghadiri dan mengikuti  kegiatan tersebut dan ada juga yang menilai bahwa kegiatan semacam  itu tidak perlu dilakukan  karena tidak ada hadist yang mendasarinya. Tradisi semacam ini perlu diambil nilai positif yang terkandung oleh masyarakat itu sendiri. Seperti halnya tradisi tersebut untuk silaturrahmi atau sekedar menyambung ikatan saudara dengan masyarakat satu dengan yang lain yang menimbulkan rasa satu kepentingan dan kebersamaan sehingga muncul hubungan sosial yang erat.

Kata Kunci: Islam, Jawa, selametan, tradisi

 

 
KEPRIBADIAN TOKOH SENIMAN DAN GADIS MUDA DALAM CERPEN WAJH AL-HAQIQĀH
Authors: Fatmawati Nur Intan , Indriyani Ervina Pradestya , Farhah Eva
Published: January 2018

This article aims at describing the personalities of characters in Wajh Al-Haqiqāh
shortstory by Taufīq Al-Chakīm based on Carl Gustav Jung’s theory of personality. Data used in this research were obtained from primary and secondary data. Primary data source in this research is Wajh Al-Haqiqāh shortstory by Taufīq Al-Chakīm and secondary data sources are books, journals, and internet sources relevant to this study. The problem analyzed in this research is the personality of each character in Wajh Al-Haqiqāh shortstory by Taufīq Al-Chakīm. When explaining the research problem, the researchers applied Cal Gustav Jung’s theory of personality. The results of analysis show that each character has different personalities. The structure of human’s soul consists of two worlds, consciousness and unconsciousness.
KAJIAN TERJEMAHAN PENANDA KOHESI PRONOMINA DAN IDEOLOGI PENERJEMAHAN PADA HADITS ARBA'IN KE 31-40 KARYA IBNU DAQIQ AL 'IED KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Mahmudah Qonitatul , Haq Ramiz Ansharil , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: January 2018

Hadith Arba’in is a collection of the selected 42 hadiths. The name of Arba’in is taken from the amount of hadiths included in the book which is 42 hadiths. The book of hadith Arba’inis considered to be necessarily studied because this book contains the collection of the well know hadiths in islamic community awund the world. This book contains the main hadith that are very important in islamic study, started with hadith about the intention to start doing something, then followed with the basic aqidah, syari’ah, akhlak, and prophet’s advice. This research specifically studies the hadiths from 31-40 because they contain suggestion, forbiddence, excellence, and some of advices about islam. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The method used is (equal/comparison) method. The data in this research are grammatical cohesion marker in the form of pronoun in Arabic language and ideological translation in the 31-40 text of hadith Arba’in written by Ibnu Daqiq Al ‘ied and translated by Muhammad Thalib. The data collection is done by taking the sample or called technique sampling. Technique of presenting data is presented by words and table of data to describe the analysis result. This reaserch investigates cohesion, variasion of translation technique, translation method, and ideological translation used by the translator in translating the expressions in the hadith.
Keywords: hadith Arba’in, cohesion, technique, method, ideology.
Interfacial Viscoelasticity of Crude Oil/Brine: An Alternative Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Mechanism in Smart Waterflooding
Authors: Bidhendi Mehrnoosh Moradi , Garcia-Olvera Griselda , Morin Brendon , Oakey John S. , Alvarado Vladimir
Published: January 2018

Injection of water with a designed chemistry has been proposed as a novel enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) method, commonly referred to as low-salinity (LS) or smart waterflooding, among other labels. The multiple names encompass a family of EOR methods that rely on modifying injection-water chemistry to increase oil recovery. Despite successful laboratory experiments and field trials, underlying EOR mechanisms remain controversial and poorly understood. At present, the vast majority of the proposed mechanisms rely on rock/fluid interactions. In this work, we propose an alternative fluid/fluid interaction mechanism (i.e., an increase in crude-oil/water interfacial viscoelasticity upon injection of designed brine as a suppressor of oil trapping by snap-off). A crude oil from Wyoming was selected for its known interfacial responsiveness to water chemistry. Brines were prepared with analytic-grade salts to test the effect of specific anions and cations. The brines’ ionic strengths were modified by dilution with deionized water to the desired salinity. A battery of experiments was performed to show a link between dynamic interfacial viscoelasticity and recovery. Experiments include double-wall ring interfacial rheometry, direct visualization on microfluidic devices, and coreflooding experiments in Berea sandstone cores. Interfacial rheological results show that interfacial viscoelasticity generally increases as brine salinity is decreased, regardless of which cations and anions are present in brine. However, the rate of elasticity buildup and the plateau value depend on specific ions available in solution. Snap-off analysis in a microfluidic device, consisting of a flow-focusing geometry, demonstrates that increased viscoelasticity suppresses interfacial pinch-off, and sustains a more continuous oil phase. This effect was examined in coreflooding experiments with sodium sulfate brines. Corefloods were designed to limit wettability alteration by maintaining a low temperature (25°C) and short aging times. Geochemical analysis provided information on in-situ water chemistry. Oil-recovery and pressure responses were shown to directly correlate with interfacial elasticity [i.e., recovery factor (RF) is consistently greater the larger the induced interfacial viscoelasticity for the system examined in this paper]. Our results demonstrate that a largely overlooked interfacial effect of engineered waterflooding can serve as an alternative and more complete explanation of LS or engineered waterflooding recovery. This new mechanism offers a direction to design water chemistry for optimized waterflooding recovery in engineered water-chemistry processes, and opens a new route to design EOR methods.
RAND-Based Formulations for Isothermal Multiphase Flash
Authors: Paterson Duncan , Michelsen Michael L. , Stenby Erling H. , Yan Wei
Published: January 2018

Two algorithms are proposed for isothermal multiphase flash. These are referred to as modified RAND and vol-RAND. The former uses the chemical potentials and molar-phase amounts as the iteration variables, while the latter uses chemical potentials and phase volumes to cosolve a pressure-explicit equation of state (EOS) with the equilibrium equations. Compared with the conventional second-order approach using Gibbs-energy minimization, these methods are more structured, with all components in all phases treated in the same way. Both have been derived to include chemical reactions for any number of phases along with the possible simplifications for only phase equilibria. The simple structured implementation of these methods is demonstrated for modified RAND and vol-RAND. The rate of convergence of the methods presented is shown to be the same as the conventional second-order method for isothermal flash. It is demonstrated that the use of an association term [cubic plus association (CPA)] adds little additional computational cost when using vol-RAND compared with a simple cubic Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) without association. The RAND methods scale better in terms of the O(n3) operations as more phases are introduced, and are computationally less expensive than the conventional Gibbs minimization method for more than three phases.
Reinterpretation of Flow Patterns During DFITs Based on Dynamic Fracture Geometry, Leakoff and Afterflow
Authors: Zanganeh Behnam , Clarkson Christopher R. , Jones Jack R.
Published: January 2018

The goal of this study is to explain the full spectrum of flow patterns observed before and after closure during diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFITs) by considering the dynamic nature of fracture geometry, variable leakoff rate and afterflow volume caused by wellbore storage.

A fit-for-purpose simulation model is used to simulate DFITs and generate pressure responses in low-permeability (tight) reservoirs. The cohesive zone model in Abaqus® is used to simulate hydraulic fracture propagation and closure. A customized leakoff model incorporated into the software accounts for variable leakoff rate as a function of reservoir properties, fracture pressure, fracture surface area and exposure time. The afterflow is modeled by including a wellbore volume and accounting for wellbore storage. Results are compared to field data to explain the full spectrum of flow patterns and fracture dynamics observed in pressure transient analysis of DFITs.

The overall falloff period is interpreted, using PTA diagnostic plots, for relative magnitudes of afterflow, leakoff rate and fluid flow in the formation. Initially, afterflow is high, resulting in fracture expansion, which is characterized by a unit slope on the Bourdet-derivative plot. The afterflow does not necessarily end after the unit slope terminates; the end of fracture expansion is signaled by a characteristic hump on the derivative plot. During fracture expansion, the afterflow decreases and the leakoff rate increases due to the larger fracture area. When the leakoff rate dominates over afterflow, fracture closure mechanics can be conceptualized as a moving hinge-closure, where the fracture volume reduces, and fracture tip extension occurs as fluid is pushed to the tip of fracture (indicated by fluctuations in the derivative). The transition from afterflow to leakoff dominance and the moving hinge-closure manifest as a semi-horizontal trend on the Bourdet-derivative. Subsequently, a progressive fracture closure occurs gradually along the fracture, identified by an increasing trend or a sharp decline on the primary pressure derivative, depending on the conductivity. Different estimates of closure pressure will be obtained early and late in this process. The pressure behavior immediately after full closure is observed to be affected by the residual leakoff and the continuing afterflow. Once all of these fracture, wellbore and leakoff processes are abated, the reservoir response is observed.

This study provides a clear understanding of the different mechanisms affecting pressure behavior during DFITs for tight reservoirs in order to arrive at more reliable estimates of fracturing parameters and reservoir properties. As an example, mechanisms leading to false before- and after-closure radial flow identification are explained.
Estimating Unpropped Fracture Conductivity and Compliance from Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests
Authors: Wang HanYi , Sharma Mukul M.
Published: January 2018

A new method is proposed to estimate the compliance and conductivity of induced unpropped fractures as a function of the effective stress acting on the fracture from DFIT data. A hydraulic fracture's resistance to displacement and closure is described by its compliance (or stiffness). Fracture compliance is closely related to theelastic, failure and hydraulic properties of the rock. Quantifying fracture compliance and fracture conductivity under in-situ conditions is crucial in many earth science and engineering applications but very difficult to achieve. Even though laboratory experiments are often used to measure fracture compliance and conductivity, the measurement results are strongly influenced by how the fracture is created, the specific rock sample obtained andthe degree to which it is preserved. As such the results may not be representative of field scale fractures

Over the past two decades, Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests (DFIT) has evolved into a commonly used and reliable technique to obtain in-situ stresses, fluid leak-off parameters and formation permeability. The pressure decline response across the entire duration of a DFIT test reflects the process of fracture closure and reservoir flow capacity. As such it is possible to use this data to quantify changes in fracture conductivity as a function of stress. In this paper we presenta single, coherent mathematical framework to accomplish this. We show how each factor impacts the pressure decline response and the effects of previous overlooked coupled mechanisms are examined and discussed. Synthetic and field case studies are presented to illustrate the method. Most importantly,a new specialized plot (normalized system stiffness plot) is proposed, which not only providesclear evidence of the existence of a residual fracture width as afracture is closing during a DFIT, but also allows us to estimate fracture compliance (or stiffness) evolution and infer un-propped fracture conductivity using only DFIT pressure and time data based on a time-convolution solution. It is recommended that the normalized system stiffness plot be used as a standard practice to complement the G-function or square root of time plotbecause it provides veryvaluable information on the properties of fracture surface roughness at a field-scale, information that cannot be obtained by any other means.
Impact of near Well-Bore Geology on Hydraulic Fractures Geometry and Well Productivity: A Statistical Look Back at the Utica Play
Authors: Gourjon Emeric , Bertoncello Antoine
Published: January 2018

It is common in unconventional plays to have offset wells with very different productivity, even though these wells were drilled at the same time, in the same landing zone and with the same completion design. Such well behaviour is always puzzling because subsurface properties are not expected to vary significantly at a small scale.

This problem has been identified in several pads in the Utica play. To try to understand this phenomena, a geological and statistical analysis has been performed on more than 400 wells and 7000 stages. The results show that differences between offset wells occur mainly when the two wells have their stages placed in slightly different facies. More precisely, we show that within a 40 feet thick landing zone, stages can be placed in 3 types of facies: (a.) facies A with a gamma-ray (GR) of ~70°API (~40% Vclay), (b.) facies B with a GR of ~60°API (~20% Vclay) and (c.) Facies C with a GR of ~50°API (~5% Vclay). Generally, for a given well, if more than 50% of its stages are in facies A, the production is 15% lower than a well with no stages in facies A.

Analysis of pressure data from completion indicate that the productivity decrease originates from limited fractures propagations when the completion is initiated in the clay-rich facies. Stages completed in facies A show a high near well-bore pressure loss and a low net pressure, which is consistent with the notion of shale choke, where fracture propagation is limited to the near well-bore. On the contrary, stages placed in the brittle facies C show high net pressures and low near well bore pressure losses, consistent with well- developed fracture geometry in the far-field. This difference in hydraulic fracture geometry could explain the difference in production between two neighboring wells.

Such results are important because it shows that stage placement is critical to productivity, even when the well has been accurately geosteered in the target zone. Optimizing the completion design by accounting for the heterogeneities should therefore significantly improve productivity and guide operation strategy.
Analysis and Modeling of Proppant Transport in Inclined Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Kou R. , Moridis G. J. , Blasingame T. A.
Published: January 2018

The understanding of proppant transport in fractures plays a critical role in estimating propped fracture dimensions and performance. Modeling of such processes is challenging because of the complex interactions between fluid, proppant particles and fracture geometry. Existing models generally assume vertical planar fracture geometry, whereas the reality in the subsurface maybe much more complex. In this study we use discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics simulations to demonstrate that interactions between proppant particles and fracture side walls play an important role in proppant transport efficiency.

To calibrate our numerical model, we conducted two validation simulations that describe particle settling tests and laboratory proppant transport experiments. Through scoping calculations, we determined the correct drag force model and matched both analytical solutions and experimental data for a wide range of flow regimes. We then constructed two hydraulic fracture simulation domains, one with a vertical planar fracture (as a base case), and the other with an inclined planar hydraulic fracture. In the main component of our study, we conducted proppant transport simulations using our benchmarked models in both domains and compared the proppant distribution results.

By analyzing the velocity and trajectory of proppant particles during transport, we identified two different stages of the proppant transport process - a "suspension" stage and a "settling" stage. During the suspension stage, fluid drag and gravitational forces dominate, driving proppants further into the fracture. When the proppants collide with existing proppants dunes, the proppant particles lose momentum and become "settled." Our results show that settled proppant are more difficult to be mobilized by fluid drag force, for the reason that kinetic energy is easily dissipated inside proppant dunes. Finally, we observed that proppant settles slower in inclined planar fractures, due to the supporting force from fracture side walls cancelling part of the gravitational force which act on the particle. This leads to a better proppant placement efficiency in inclined fractures.

Objectives

The objective of this work is to provide a better understanding of proppant transport behavior in inclined planar fractures by means of numerical simulation. A significant difference from prior (laboratory) experiments is the capability of our model to simulate proppant transport at field-scale flowrates. Such acapability is critical in understanding proppant transport and appropriately designing it by ensuring that the correct Reynolds number and flow regime are used in the design calculations.
Demonstration of Proof of Concept of Electromagnetic Geophysical Methods for High Resolution Illumination of Induced Fracture Networks
Authors: Ahmadian Mohsen , LaBrecque Douglas , Liu Qing Huo , Slack William , Brigham Russell , Fang Yuan , Banks Kevin , Hu Yunyun , Wang Dezhi , Zhang Runren
Published: January 2018

In April 2017, the Advanced Energy Consortium (AEC) successfully completed data collection for a proof-of-concept demonstration of remote mapping of hydraulically fractured networks using electromagnetic (EM) proppant additives and a variety of EM tools and configurations.

This field-pilot demonstration was conducted at the Devine Test Site, located approximately 50 miles southwest of San Antonio, Texas, and managed by the Bureau of Economic Geology (Bureau) at The University of Texas at Austin. The objective of the ongoing integrated research program is to develop a remote EM-imaging technique for hydraulically fractured networks in order to obtain a higher-resolution image of proppant distribution (lateral/vertical extent and azimuth), which current technologies, such as microseismic, do not allow. The current study is a more in-depth follow-up to a series of shallow field tests that the AEC conducted in 2015 near Clemson University in South Carolina. This paper details the special aspects of the Devine Test Site that make it a unique asset for benchmarking EM-based hydraulic-fracture mapping tools and models.

Results from the Devine Test Site demonstrate that a measurable and noticeable EM anomaly was detectable with both time-domain and frequency-domain induced polarization methods. EM- inversion results were consistent with analysis of surface tiltmeter results but diverged significantly from passive seismic responses obtained during the hydraulic-fracturing process. The site will be cored at multiple locations over the next few months, after which accuracy of models and methods will be validated. Future opportunities for collaboration on this highly validated benchmarked site are discussed.
Developing Guidelines for Selection of Appropriate Fracture Models in the Numerical Simulation of Well Performance Behavior for Liquid Rich Ultra-Low Permeability ULP Reservoirs
Authors: Sivon A. G. , Moridis G. J. , Blasingame T. A.
Published: January 2018

The numerical prediction of production from stimulated Ultra-Low Permeability (ULP) media is highly correlated with the type of fracture model used in the simulator. Although there are some general rules about the applicability of these fracture models, there are no guidelines for the a-priori selection of an appropriate model — generally, the fracture model is selected based on the preference and/or familiarity of the person performing the modeling, rather than some "more technical" criteria. In that light, this work presents an effort to provide guidance for fracture model suitability for cases from the Eagle Ford, Bakken, Three Forks, and Wolfcamp formations.

In this work, production data from multiple wells in the aforementioned reservoirs are history-matched using models commonly available in commercial reservoir simulators. We evaluate the ability of the equivalent continuum model (ECM), the dual porosity, the dual permeability, and the multiple interactive continuum model (MINC) to represent these wells.

We determine that a correlation exists between the choice of the fracture model and the reservoir. However, the results of the study do not provide a sufficiently strong indication of model superiority which would support authoritative guidelines about applicability for a particular reservoir. Ultimately the choice of the most representative model depends on the particular well. The proposed recommendationsprovide guidance onthe appropriate fracture model to represent the studied reservoirs, thus enhancing their usefulness in the completion design process and the evaluation and prediction of production.