bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Web-Based Learning and Development of University's Electronic Informational Educational Environment
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan , Krevskiy Igor , Bershadsky Alexander , Glotova Tatiana , Gamidullaeva Leyla , Vasin Sergey
Published: September 2018

Web-based learning has been developed by the majority of academic institutions and organizations worldwide due to its obvious benefits for both educators and learners. Meanwhile, many of the existing developmental approaches in this sphere lack one crucial consideration necessary for implementing web-based learning at academic institutions. In this article, the authors identify two processes: development of distance learning and digitalization of training that are represented now at almost every academic university. The article singles out the stages of their development and shows that the processes lead to the same result - a new quality of education. The authors focus on figuring out which path is more effective for achieving the highest level of development depending on university's characteristics. Accumulation of detailed information in the Electronic informational educational environment about current learning outcomes creates opportunities for emerging trends, such as Learning Analytics, Personalized Learning and Adaptive Learning. In data analysis using BigData and Machine Learning technologies.
Understanding MOOC Learners
Authors: Saadatdoost Robab , Jafarkarimi Hosein , Sim Alex Tze Hiang , Hee Jee Mei
Published: September 2018

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) are the latest online teaching and learning medium through website and are seen as a key factor in future lesson delivery. One well-established and popular MOOC is Coursera which is provided by Stanford University. Online participation and interactions are complex phenomena and the answers to the questions in regard to Courserians' participation gave considerable insights into knowledge construction in discussion forums. The successful construction of knowledge requires active participation. This article is aimed to observe a Coursera community in its natural setting and to investigate the participants' experiences in Coursera discussion forum. The data was derived from over 60 online interview forums with Coursera learners. Field note data was extracted from 160 days of interaction with the participants. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed some insights about learners' feelings, challenges, ideas and recommendations.
Market Orientation, Alliance Governance, and Innovation
Authors: Li Yu , Chen Yao , Li Yuan , Holland Christopher P.
Published: September 2018

Relying on resource dependence theory and transaction cost economics, this article discusses the important role of alliance governance as a mediating mechanism in the relationship between market orientation and innovation, and compares the differences between the influences of different dimensions. The article aims to reveal the influence mechanism of different types of alliance governance on the relationship between market orientation and innovation. Based on a sample of 122 Chinese manufacturing enterprises, the article finds that: (1) contractual governance will increase when customer orientation and competitor orientation become higher, and contractual governance will affect radical innovation in a U-shaped way; (2) trust governance will increase when inter-functional coordination become higher, and trust governance has a positive impact on both radical innovation and incremental innovation (II).
The Changing Paradigm of Health and Mobile Phones
Authors: Nisha Nabila , Iqbal Mehree , Rifat Afrin
Published: September 2018

This article describes how widespread adoption of mobile technology in healthcare is an innovation that is inevitable today in both developed and emerging markets around the world. Mobile health services (m-Health) act as an effective, accessible and affordable means of providing healthcare knowledge to users directly from providers. Despite such benefits of m-Health services, rapid adoption is not yet occurring, particularly in emerging markets. The main barrier is mostly the cynical behavior of users regarding this medium of healthcare services. The aim of this article is to examine underlying factors that can influence future use intentions of m-Health services. Conceptual model of the study identifies service qualities like reliability, privacy, responsiveness, empathy and information quality along with facilitating conditions, trust, effort expectancy and performance expectancy as significant constructs that influences users' overall perceptions of m-Health services, along with moderating effects of age and gender. Limitations and implications for practice and research are also discussed.
Antecedents of Electronic Commerce in Developing Economies
Authors: Sila Ismail
Published: September 2018

One of the objectives of this article is to investigate the extent to which several factors that might affect electronic commerce (EC) usage are implemented and EC is used in a developing country. The article also aims to identify the factors that actually influence the use of EC in a developing country context. The author used annual survey data obtained over a 5-year period from 2009 to 2013 to test several hypotheses. This is probably the first article to assess the changes in these factors' effects on firms' usage of EC over several years. Findings suggest that there are major gaps in the implementation of these factors. There were no major changes or developments in technology availability and EC infrastructure over the five-year period. In fact, there was a general deterioration in the other factors that could facilitate EC usage. In addition, there were no changes in the extent to which EC was used over the same period. Implications of these findings for managers and researchers are discussed.
Strategic Values of Cloud Computing Transformation
Authors: Makhlouf Mohamed , Allal-Chérif Oihab
Published: September 2018

This article aims to study the strategic transformative value dimensions of cloud computing. Organizational requirements, managerial strategic objectives, and their attendant challenges are very specific indicators that enable characterization of these dimensions. An exploratory study of 173 cases of companies, covering 17 distinct economic activity sectors, spread over all continents, was conducted, taking into account contingency factors such as culture, size, and structure. The elements of industry, strategy, and technology were also considered, as well as managerial cognition. The analyses of needs, objectives, challenges, implemented solutions, and results of the transformation to cloud computing, enabled us to identify these dimensions. Strategies to maximize the transformative value of cloud computing are then presented. The results of this study can be used by managers to facilitate and optimize this cloud computing transformation.
Inhaled IL-10 Suppresses Lung Tumorigenesis via Abrogation of Inflammatory Macrophage–Th17 Cell Axis
Authors: Li Qingsheng , Anderson Charles D. , Egilmez Nejat K.
Published: September 2018

Intratracheal administration of a novel IL-10 formulation suppressed IL-17–driven, CD4+ T cell–dependent tumorigenesis in the LSL-K-rasG12D murine lung cancer model. Analysis of lung lymphocyte populations demonstrated that antitumor activity of IL-10 was associated with a 5-fold decline in Th17 cell prevalence and a concurrent suppression of inflammatory M1-like macrophage activity. Further phenotypic characterization revealed that macrophages and dendritic cells, but not Th17 cells, expressed IL-10RA on the cell surface with the CD11b+F4/80+CX3CR1+ interstitial macrophages representing the dominant IL-10RA+ subset. Consistent with these observations, in vitro stimulation of sorted CD4+ T cells with IL-10 did not affect their ability to produce IL-17, whereas similar treatment of purified interstitial macrophages resulted in a dramatic M1 to M2 phenotypic switch. Importantly, preconditioning of macrophages (but not of CD4+ T cells) with IL-10 led to potent suppression of CD4+ T cell IL-17 production in an in vitro coculture assay, suggesting that IL-10 suppressed Th17 cell activity primarily via its upstream effects on macrophages. In support of this notion, in vivo macrophage depletion resulted in a 5-fold decline in Th17 cell numbers and a concurrent 6-fold reduction in tumor burden. Collectively, these data demonstrate that in the LSL-K-rasG12D murine lung cancer model, inflammatory macrophage–Th17 cell axis is critical to tumorigenesis and that IL-10 blocks this process primarily via a direct effect on the former. Inhaled IL-10 formulations may be of use in prophylaxis against lung cancer in high-risk patients.
Orthogeriatrics in Italy: the Gruppo Italiano di Ortogeriatria (GIOG) audit on hip fractures in the elderly
Authors: Zurlo Amedeo , Bellelli Giuseppe
Published: September 2018

The Gruppo Italiano di Ortogeriatria (GIOG) is an Italian study group promoted by three Italian Scientific Geriatric Societies with the aim of disseminating orthogeriatric methodology in Italy. In 2015 it has supported a multicenter web-based audit to collect data on functioning of Italian orthogeriatrics. The study, still ongoing, has enrolled until now 2577 cases of elderly patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture from 14 Italian orthogeriatric units. The population in question consists of markedly elderly and frail subjects, due to high prevalence of pre-existing functional deficit conditions, but it is also clinically complex; the most frequent fracture is intertrochanteric and the most performed surgery approach is intramedullary nail. This is the largest multicenter observational study conducted so far in Italy on elderly patients with hip fracture.
Impression management within the recruitment interview: Narratives of employees at a South African higher education institution
Authors: Dondolo Vuyelwa , Chinyamurindi Willie T.
Published: September 2018

Orientation: Job interviews remain a popular platform on which organisations source talent. Interviewees seek to make an impression in interviews to influence the decision to be hired.Research purpose: The study explores why and how impression management manifests within the recruitment interview setting.Motivation for the study: Calls exist within the local and international literature for studies that explore the concept of impression management further as a basis to improve activities such as recruitment and selection.Research approach, design/method: An interpretivist research paradigm using the qualitative approach and the exploratory research design was utilised. In-depth interviews with 20 employees at a South African higher education institution were conducted. Narrative analysis formed the basis of the data analysis by adopting the three levels of the meaning-making approach used in previous studies.Main findings: Two major narratives emerged. Firstly, when exploring why impression management occurs in the recruitment interview, the strategising behaviour was identified. Secondly, when exploring how impression management occurs in the recruitment interview, the switching behaviour was identified.Practical/managerial implications: The study provides information that organisational strategists and recruiters can use to enhance not only the recruitment process but also the decisions informed by such processes.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge in an area of study that has received scant empirical focus locally and internationally. This can be a catalyst for future research on impression management.
Восстановление быстро осциллирующего свободного члена
в многомерном гиперболическом уравнении
Authors: Babich Pavel Vasil'evich , Levenshtam Valeriy Borisovich
Published: September 2018

Работа посвящена развитию теории обратных задач
для эволюционных уравнений
с быстро осциллирующими по времени слагаемыми.
Развивается новый подход к постановкам таких задач,
когда дополнительные условия (условия переопределения) ставятся
не на все решение, а на несколько первых членов его асимптотики.
Этот подход реализован здесь в случае
многомерного гиперболического уравнения
с неизвестным свободным членом.
Библиография: 24 названия.
Псевдодифференциальные операторы в пространствах Бесова
переменной гладкости
Authors: Kryakvin Vadim Donatovich , Rabinovich Vladimir Samuilovich
Published: September 2018

Рассматриваются псевдодифференциальные операторы переменного порядка,
действующие в пространствах Бесова переменной гладкости. Доказываются
теоремы ограниченности и компактности таких операторов и изучается
фредгольмовость псевдодифференциальных операторов переменного порядка
с медленно меняющимися на бесконечности символами в весовых пространствах
Бесова переменной гладкости.
Библиография: 32 названия.
A MEDIAÇÃO DE CONFLITOS SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PSICOLOGIA POSITIVA
Authors: De Biazzi Avila Batista da Silveira Simone , Brião Ferraz Deise
Published: September 2018

Com o objetivo de verificar a hipótese de que existe um enfoque pedagógico/educativo na mediação familiar, buscou-se analisar as aproximações existentes entre as dinâmicas de mediação de conflitos com a abordagem Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano e a Psicologia Positiva, numa perspectiva transformadora, bem como observar como as famílias podem ser impactadas por estes processos. A metodologia foi construída tendo como olhar a abordagem Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano que situa os fenômenos estudados dentro de um contexto ecológico, numa abordagem sistêmica, o que lhe conferiu notável originalidade em relação a outros estudos da temática que não utilizaram essa abordagem. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que os processos educativos estão presentes nos procedimentos de mediação familiar, no ambiente físico onde se processa, na linguagem utilizada, na abordagem pessoal, bem como na condução dos processos, estando adequada ao tempo do conflito. No tocante aos impactos produzidos nas famílias, observou-se a necessidade que as mesmas ainda carregam de uma autoridade que lhes garanta certezas jurídicas, bem como as dificuldades do estabelecimento de autonomia para suas próprias decisões, tudo isto fruto de uma construção histórico-social que estabeleceu como parâmetros de condução de conflitos a litigiosidade e adversariedade resultantes da judicialização dos conflitos como forma de resolução predominante na sociedade atual. Foi observado, no entanto, que a mediação contribui para a construção de um importante caminho no sentido da autonomia, estando afinada com os reclamos de uma ação transformadora.
NEUROLAW E AS PERSPECTIVAS PARA UMA ANÁLISE OBJETIVA DO COMPORTAMENTO SUGESTIONADO: REPERCUSSÃO DAS FALSAS MEMÓRIAS NA ESFERA PENAL
Authors: De Andrade Mariana Dionísio , Cartaxo Marina Andrade , Mota Rafael Gonçalves
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo possui como objetivo geral a análise sobre o seguinte problema de pesquisa: há mecanismos objetivos de identificação da implantação de falsas memórias que comprometem o testemunho no processo penal? Como objetivos específicos, o artigo busca esclarecer a relação entre neurociência e direito, e as implicações dessa interação para a resolução de problemas concretos na esfera jurídica, considerando que a coleta de depoimentos das testemunhas consiste em um dos meios de prova mais utilizados no processo penal brasileiro. Como elemento complementar, será realizada a análise do julgamento do caso Escola de Educação Infantil Base, em São Paulo, como exemplo paradigmático da presença de falsas memórias como elemento definidor da decisão judicial. A abordagem é qualitativa, com suporte em revisão de literatura e análise descritiva dos fenômenos pesquisados, além de se apoiar na análise quantitativa, a partir de informações baseadas em padrões numéricos e disponibilizadas pelo STJ, na periodização compreendida entre 2012 e 2018. A contribuição é original e inédita. Conclui-se que há uma grave lacuna quanto à definição de elementos objetivos para a identificação de falsas memórias e seu discernimento em relação ao crime de falso testemunho. Entretanto, é necessário enfrentar o fato de que o reconhecimento do comportamento sugestionado exige aprofundamento e interdisciplinaridade, e que a identificação sobre a incidência de falsas memórias pode evitar enormes prejuízos para o direito processual penal.
NEURODIREITO: O INÍCIO, O FIM E O MEIO
Authors: Marden Carlos , Wykrota Leonardo Martins
Published: September 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os impactos que as recentes descobertas da Neurociência trazem para a Ciência Jurídica. Para tanto, pretende-se inicialmente expor como o estudo do Direito é organizado partindo de algumas ideias que são intuitivas e tidas por consolidadas, embora na prática não se mostrem tão funcionais quanto na teoria. Na sequência, pretende-se apresentar alguns dos recentes avanços da Neurociência e da Psicologia Comportamental, de forma a mostrar como eles colocam em xeque muitas das crenças sobre as quais se funda a Ciência Jurídica. Como desenvolvimento, far-se-á a sustentação da tese de que é possível aprimorar a Ciência Jurídica a partir das descobertas da Neurociência, abrindo-se todo um campo de investigação chamado de Neurodireito. Por fim, tecer-se-ão alguns comentários a respeito da forma como o Neurodireito permite o incremento do nível de complexidade com o qual a Ciência Jurídica é capaz de lidar, deixando pra trás antigas crenças até então não questionadas.
A (IR)REPETIBILIDADE DA PROVA PENAL DEPENDENTE DA MEMÓRIA: UMA DISCUSSÃO A PARTIR DA PSICOLOGIA DO TESTEMUNHO
Authors: Cecconello William Weber , De Avila Gustavo Noronha , Stein Lilian Milnitsky
Published: September 2018

Provas dependentes da memória de uma testemunha podem ser as única evidências de que um crime ocorreu. Entretanto, os procedimentos utilizados em oitivas de testemunhas ou reconhecimentos de suspeitos podem alterar a memória original do fato. Tais riscos são ainda maiores dado que no Brasil provas dependentes da memória humana são consideradas provas repetíveis. A repetibilidade desta prova não leva em conta o possível esquecimento de informações, ou a inserção de informações pós evento, que modificam a memória original. Este artigo visa apresentar as capacidades e limitações das provas dependentes da memória humana, comparando como a legislação e procedimentos utilizados para produção dessas provas por atores de justiça. Ao final, são discutidas políticas públicas que podem auxiliar a diminuir a distância entre conhecimento científico e práticas adotadas no nosso país. Se por um lado não é possível mudar o funcionamento da memória humana, é imprescindível pensar em mudanças no sistema de justiça que ajudem a preservar esta prova que deveria ser considerada irrepetível.
NUDGES E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: UM MECANISMO DE COMBATE AO TRABALHO EM CONDIÇÃO ANÁLOGA À DE ESCRAVO
Authors: Silva Amanda Carolina Souza , Rodrigues Débhora Renata Nunes , Tibaldi Saul Duarte
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como e em que medida os nudges, ou os estímulos de comportamento, adotados pelo Estado através de políticas públicas, podem conduzir a uma forma mais eficaz de prevenção e combate ao trabalho em condição análoga à de escravo no Brasil. Para tanto, busca-se, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e utilização do método dedutivo, tratar da teoria dos sistemas com base em Niklas Luhmann e examinar o uso de nudges a partir de políticas públicas. Posteriormente aborda-se a relação da dignidade da pessoa humana com o trabalho, apresenta-se o conceito de trabalho decente e uma breve contextualização do trabalho escravo contemporâneo. Por fim, tenta-se verificar os reflexos dos nudges estatais, que para fins deste estudo se limitam, a Lei n° 14.946/2013 (Lei Bezerra) e a “lista suja”, no comportamento e atuação das empresas no que concerne ao cumprimento das leis trabalhistas. A pesquisa possibilitou constatar que além dos nudges de combate ao trabalho escravo contemporâneo terem potencial de serem maximizados, a formulação e a implementação de políticas baseadas no nudge como um incentivo, por meio de benefícios advindos da observância das normas trabalhistas e, portanto, da promoção do trabalho decente, propiciaria, mais eficácia do que apenas a prática condenatória. Espera-se obter como resultado deste trabalho a possibilidade de contribuir para o esclarecimento e reflexão da necessidade de se pensar questões sociais sob uma ótica de transversalidade entre as áreas de conhecimentos, na busca da compreensão do problema a partir da sua complexidade.
“A VIDA COMO ELA É”: COMPORTAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO NAS CORTES
Authors: Campos Mello Patricia Perrone
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de examinar como as cortes decidem na vida real. Quais são os fatores jurídicos e extrajurídicos que interferem no processo decisório. O trabalho identifica três modelos principais para a compreensão do comportamento judicial: (i) o modelo legalista, (ii) o modelo ideológico e (iii) o modelo estratégico. Opta, contudo, por explorar com maior profundidade o modelo estratégico, quer por ser ele objeto de poucos trabalhos no Brasil, quer por apresentar importante potencial explicativo do processo decisório do Supremo Tribunal Federal. O trabalho se divide em três partes. Na primeira parte, os modelos de comportamento são descritos e ilustrados com exemplos. A segunda parte dedica-se a um exame aprofundado do modelo estratégico, abrangendo sua perspectiva interna (referente à autuação dos juízes dentro do colegiado) e a sua perspectiva externa (relacionada à interação entre as cortes, os demais Poderes e a opinião pública). A terceira parte desenvolve um estudo de caso a partir de decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal à luz do modelo estratégico.
The instrument constant of sky radiometers (POM-02) – Part 1: Calibration constant
Authors: Uchiyama Akihiro , Matsunaga Tsuneo , Yamazaki Akihiro
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Ground-based networks have been developed to determine the spatiotemporal
distribution of the optical properties of aerosols using radiometers. In this
study, the precision of the calibration constant (V0) for the sky
radiometer (POM-02) that is used by SKYNET was investigated. The temperature
dependence of the sensor output was also investigated, and the dependence in
the 340, 380, and 2200 nm channels was found to be larger than for other
channels and varied with the instrument. In the summer, the sensor output had
to be corrected by a factor of 1.5 % to 2 % in the 340 and 380 nm
channels and by 4 % in the 2200 nm channel in the measurements at
Tsukuba (36.05∘ N, 140.13∘ E), with a monthly mean
temperature range of 2.7 to 25.5 ∘C. In the other channels, the
correction factors were less than 0.5 %. The coefficient of variation
(CV, standard deviation/mean) of V0 from the normal Langley method,
based on the data measured at the NOAA Mauna Loa Observatory, is between
0.2 % and 1.3 %, except in the 940 nm channel. The effect of gas
absorption was less than 1 % in the 1225, 1627, and 2200 nm channels.
The degradation of V0 for wavelengths shorter than 400 nm (−10 %
to −4 % per year) was larger than that for wavelengths longer than
500 nm (−1 to nearly 0 % per year). The CV of V0 transferred from
the reference POM-02 was 0.1 % to 0.5 %. Here, the data were
simultaneously taken at 1 min intervals on a fine day, and data when the air
mass was less than 2.5 were compared. The V0 determined by the improved
Langley (IML) method had a seasonal
variation of 1 % to 3 %. The root mean square error (RMSE) from the
IML method was
about 0.6 % to 2.5 %, and in some cases the maximum difference
reached 5 %. The trend in V0 after removing the seasonal variation
was almost the same as for the normal Langley method. Furthermore, the
calibration constants determined by the IML method had much higher noise than
those transferred from the reference. The modified Langley method was used to
calibrate the 940 nm channel with on-site measurement data. The V0
obtained with the modified Langley method compared to the Langley method was
1 % more accurate on stable and fine days. The general method was also
used to calibrate the shortwave-infrared channels (1225, 1627, and 2200 nm)
with on-site measurement data; the V0 obtained with the general method
differed from that obtained with the Langley method of V0 by 0.8 %,
0.4 %, and 0.1 % in December 2015, respectively.
The instrument constant of sky radiometers (POM-02) – Part 2: Solid view angle
Authors: Uchiyama Akihiro , Matsunaga Tsuneo , Yamazaki Akihiro
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Ground-based networks have been developed to determine the spatiotemporal
distribution of aerosols using sky radiometers. In this study, errors related
to the solid view angle (SVA) of sky radiometers, which are used by SKYNET,
were investigated. The SVA is calculated using solar disk scan data, the
measured radiances around the solar direction in 0.1×0.1∘
increments. These measurements include the scattered light from aerosol and
air molecules, as well as the direct solar irradiance, causing errors in the
SVA calculation. The influence of these errors was evaluated with
simulations. From the results of these simulations if the aerosol optical
depth (optical path length) is less than 0.5 (0.58) at 550 nm and the
aerosol does not include large particles, such as desert dust particles, then
its influence on the SVA calculation was less than 0.5 %. Problems with
the software for the SVA calculation were also investigated. First, the data
processing does not consider the change of airmass (solar zenith angle)
during the solar disk scan measurement. In practice if a measurement is made
in the period when the change in airmass is small, then the error is small.
Second, before starting data processing, the minimum measured value is
subtracted from the measured values, resulting in underestimation of the SVA
by 1 % to 4 %. Thirdly, the values between 1.4 and 2.5∘ are
not properly extrapolated, resulting in overestimation of the SVA by
0.6 % to 2.1 %. The second and third error sources partially cancel
each other out, and the total error is an underestimation of 0.5 % to
1.9 % of the actual value. Furthermore, the annual trend in the SVA was
examined. In both the visible and near-infrared regions (Si photodiode
region) and in the shortwave-infrared region (InGaAs photodiode region), this
trend cannot be seen in 4 and 8 years of data, respectively. The seasonal
variation of the SVA was also examined, but no clear seasonal variation could
be detected.
Understanding the ability of low-cost MOx sensors to quantify
ambient VOCs
Authors: Collier-Oxandale Ashley M. , Thorson Jacob , Halliday Hannah , Milford Jana , Hannigan Michael
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present a unique challenge in air quality research given their importance to human and environmental health, and their complexity to monitor resulting from the number of possible sources and mixtures. New technologies, such as low-cost air quality sensors have the potential to support existing air quality measurement methods by providing high time and spatial resolution data. This higher resolution data could provide greater insight into specific events, sources, and local variability. Furthermore, given the potential for differences in selectivities for sensors, leveraging multiple sensors in an array format may even be able to provide insight into which VOCs or types of VOCs are present. During the FRAPPE/DISCOVER-AQ monitoring campaigns, our team was able to co-locate two sensor systems, using metal oxide (MOx) VOC sensors, with a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) providing speciated VOC data. This dataset provided the opportunity to explore the ability of sensors to estimate specific VOCs and groups of VOCs in real-world conditions, e.g., dynamic temperature and humidity. Moreover, we were able to explore the impact of changing VOC compositions on sensor performance as well as the difference in selectivities of sensors in order to consider how this could be utilized. From this analysis, it seems that systems using multiple VOC sensors are able to provide VOC estimates at ambient levels for specific VOCs or groups of VOCs, it also seems that this performance is fairly robust to changing VOC mixtures, and it was confirmed that there are consistent and useful differences in selectivities between the two MOx sensors studied. While this study was fairly limited in scope, the results suggest that there is the potential for low-cost VOC sensors to support highly resolved, ambient hydrocarbon measurements. The availability of this technology could enhance research and monitoring for public health and communities impacted by air toxics, which in turn could support a better understanding of exposure and actions to reduce harmful exposure.
Glacial dynamics in pre-Alpine narrow valleys during the Last Glacial Maximum inferred by lowland fluvial records (northeast Italy)
Authors: Rossato Sandro , Carraro Anna , Monegato Giovanni , Mozzi Paolo , Tateo Fabio
Published: September 2018

Abstract. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), most of the major
glaciated basins of the European Southern Alps had piedmont lobes with large
outwash plains; only a few glaciers remained within the valley. Piedmont
glaciers have left well-preserved terminal moraines, which allow for investigations to be carried out and
inferences to be made regarding their evolution and chronology. Valley glaciers' remnants, on the contrary,
are often scantly preserved, and changes can only be detected through
correlations with glaciofluvial deposits in downstream alluvial basins.
The Brenta glacial system's dynamics in the glacier's terminal tract have been inferred
through a wide range of sediment analysis techniques on an alluvial
stratigraphic record of the Brenta megafan (northeast Italy), and via the mapping of
in-valley glacial/glaciofluvial remnants. Glaciers flowing across narrow
gorges could possibly be slowed/blocked by such morphology, and
glacial/sediment fluxes may then be diverted to lateral valleys. Moreover, narrow
valleys may induce glaciers to bulge and form icefalls at their front,
preventing the formation of terminal moraines. The Brenta Glacier was
probably slowed/blocked by the narrow Valsugana Gorge downstream of
Primolano and was effectively diverted eastwards across a wind gap (Canal La
Menor Valley), joining the Cismon/Piave glaciers near Rocca and ending
∼2 km downstream. The Cismon and Piave catchments started to
contribute to the Brenta system just after 27 ka cal BP until at least
∼19.5 ka cal BP. After the glaciers collapsed, the Piave River once
again flowed into its main valley, whilst the Cismon continued to merge with
the Brenta. This investigation shows that glacial catchments may vary significantly over
time during a single glaciation in rugged Alpine terrains. Sand petrography
and the chemical/mineralogical composition of sediments are powerful proxies
for tracing such variations, as they propagate through the glacial and
glaciofluvial systems and can be recognized in the alluvial stratigraphic
record far downstream from the glacier front.
An ensemble of AMIP simulations with prescribed land surface temperatures
Authors: Ackerley Duncan , Chadwick Robin , Dommenget Dietmar , Petrelli Paola
Published: September 2018

Abstract. General circulation models (GCMs) are routinely run under
Atmospheric Modelling Intercomparison Project (AMIP) conditions with
prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice concentrations (SICs)
from observations. These AMIP simulations are often used to evaluate the role
of the land and/or atmosphere in causing the development of systematic errors
in such GCMs. Extensions to the original AMIP experiment have also been
developed to evaluate the response of the global climate to increased SSTs
(prescribed) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as part of the Cloud Feedback
Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP). None of these international modelling
initiatives has undertaken a set of experiments where the land conditions are
also prescribed, which is the focus of the work presented in this paper.
Experiments are performed initially with freely varying land conditions
(surface temperature, and soil temperature and moisture) under five different
configurations (AMIP, AMIP with uniform 4 K added to SSTs, AMIP SST with
quadrupled CO2, AMIP SST and quadrupled CO2 without the plant
stomata response, and increasing the solar constant by 3.3 %). Then, the
land surface temperatures from the free land experiments are used to perform
a set of “AMIP prescribed land” (PL) simulations, which are evaluated
against their free land counterparts. The PL simulations agree well with the
free land experiments, which indicates that the land surface is prescribed in
a way that is consistent with the original free land configuration. Further
experiments are also performed with different combinations of SSTs,
CO2 concentrations, solar constant and land conditions. For example,
SST and land conditions are used from the AMIP simulation with quadrupled
CO2 in order to simulate the atmospheric response to increased
CO2 concentrations without the surface temperature changing. The
results of all these experiments have been made publicly available for
further analysis. The main aims of this paper are to provide a description of
the method used and an initial validation of these AMIP prescribed land
experiments.
DEVELOPING A MACHINE LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR ESTIMATING SOIL MOISTURE WITH VNIR HYPERSPECTRAL DATA
Authors: Keller S. , Riese F. M. , Stötzer J. , Maier P. M. , Hinz S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the potential of estimating the soil-moisture content based on VNIR hyperspectral data combined with LWIR data. Measurements from a multi-sensor field campaign represent the benchmark dataset which contains measured hyperspectral, LWIR, and soil-moisture data conducted on grassland site. We introduce a regression framework with three steps consisting of feature selection, preprocessing, and well-chosen regression models. The latter are mainly supervised machine learning models. An exception are the self-organizing maps which combine unsupervised and supervised learning. We analyze the impact of the distinct preprocessing methods on the regression results. Of all regression models, the extremely randomized trees model without preprocessing provides the best estimation performance. Our results reveal the potential of the respective regression framework combined with the VNIR hyperspectral data to estimate soil moisture measured under real-world conditions. In conclusion, the results of this paper provide a basis for further improvements in different research directions.
AUTOMATIC 3D LANE MARKING RECONSTRUCTION USING MULTI-VIEW AERIAL IMAGERY
Authors: Sheu C.-Y. , Kurz F. , Angelo P.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The 3D information of road infrastructures are gaining importance with the development of autonomous driving. The exact absolute position and height of lane markings, for example, support lane-accurate localization. Several approaches have been proposed for the 3D reconstruction of line features from multi-view airborne optical imagery. However, standard appearance-based matching approaches for 3D reconstruction are hardly applicable on lane markings due to the similar color profile of all lane markings and the lack of textures in their neighboring areas. We present a workflow for 3D lane markings reconstruction without explicit feature matching process using multi-view aerial imagery. The aim is to optimize the best 3D line location by minimizing the distance from its back projection to the detected 2D line in all the covering images. Firstly, the lane markings are automatically extracted from aerial images using standard line detection algorithms. By projecting these extracted lines onto the Semi-Global Matching (SGM) generated Digital Surface Model (DSM), the approximate 3D line segments are generated. Starting from these approximations, the 3D lines are iteratively refined based on the detected 2D lines in the original images and the viewing geometry. The proposed approach relies on precise detection of 2D lines in image space, a pre-knowledge of the approximate 3D line segments, and it heavily relies on image orientations. Nevertheless, it avoids the problem of non-textured neighborhood and is not limited to lines of finite length. The theoretical precision of 3D reconstruction with the proposed framework is evaluated.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE POTENTIAL OF HYPERSPECTRAL AND SENTINEL-2 DATA FOR LAND-COVER / LAND-USE CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Weinmann M. , Maier P. M. , Florath J. , Weidner U.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The automated analysis of large areas with respect to land-cover and land-use is nowadays typically performed based on the use of hyperspectral or multispectral data acquired from airborne or spaceborne platforms. While hyperspectral data offer a more detailed description of the spectral properties of the Earth’s surface and thus a great potential for a variety of applications, multispectral data are less expensive and available in shorter time intervals which allows for time series analyses. Particularly with the recent availability of multispectral Sentinel-2 data, it seems desirable to have a comparative assessment of the potential of both types of data for land-cover and land-use classification. In this paper, we focus on such a comparison and therefore involve both types of data. On the one hand, we focus on the potential of hyperspectral data and the commonly applied techniques for data-driven dimensionality reduction or feature selection based on these hyperspectral data. On the other hand, we aim to reason about the potential of Sentinel-2 data and therefore transform the acquired hyperspectral data to Sentinel-2-like data. For performance evaluation, we provide classification results achieved with the different types of data for two standard benchmark datasets representing an urban area and an agricultural area, respectively.
ENHANCEMENT OF REAL-TIME SCAN MATCHING FOR UAV INDOOR NAVIGATION USING VEHICLE MODEL
Authors: Zahran S. , Moussa A. , Sesay A. , El-Sheimy N.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have drawn great attention from different organizations, because of the various applications that save time, cost, effort, and human lives. The navigation of autonomous UAV mainly depends on the fusion between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Inertial Measurement System (IMU). Navigation in indoor environments is a challenging task, because of the GNSS signal unavailability, especially when the utilized IMU is low-cost. Light Detection and Ranging Radar (LIDAR) is one of the mainly utilized sensors in the indoor environment for localization through scan matching of successive scans. The process of calculating the rotation and translation from successive scans can employ different approaches, such as Iterative Closest Point (ICP) with its variants, and Hector SLAM. ICP and Hector SLAM iterative fashion can greatly increase the matching time, and the convergence is not guaranteed in case of harsh maneuvers, moving objects, and short-range LIDAR as it may get stuck in local minima. This paper proposes enhanced real-time ICP and Hector SLAM algorithms based on vehicle model (VM) during sharp maneuvers. The vehicle model serves as initialization step (coarse alignment) then the ICP/Hector serve as fine alignment step. Test cases of quadcopter flight with harsh maneuvers were carried out with LIDAR to evaluate the proposed approach to enhance the ICP/Hector convergence time and accuracy. The proposed algorithm is convenient for UAVs where there are limitations regarding the size, weight, and power limitations, as it is a stand-alone algorithm that does not require any additional sensors.
CALIBRATION STUDY OF A TRIMBLE ACx4 SYSTEM FOR DIRECT GEOREFERENCING MAPPING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Filho L. E. , Mitishita E. A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Trimble Aerial Camera x4 (i.e., TACx4) is a photogrammetric multi-head system manufactured by Trimble Inc.© in 2010. It has four cameras mounted together in the main structure allowing the simultaneous acquisition to generate a single synthetic image with much larger ground coverage. In addition, the cameras are also integrated with a GNSS/INS to perform “Direct” or “Integrated” Sensor Orientation. The main condition to obtain photogrammetric mapping products with high accuracy using a direct sensor orientation procedure is to execute a step known as “geometric system calibration”. In general, the photogrammetric multi-head system manufacturers perform this step using laboratory methods to obtain the parameters of cameras interior and relative orientation. Accurate mounting parameters (lever arms and “boresight misalignments”) are fundamental requirements to generate the synthetic image when georeferencing of images is applied. This paper shows a “full field” calibration method to perform the geometric system calibration of the TACx4 system and its evaluation for direct sensor orientation mapping applications. The developed method involves two steps using only aerial images: (1) estimation of the cameras interior and relative orientation parameters to generate the synthetic image and (2) estimation of the synthetic image interior orientation and the mounting parameters between the synthetic image and GNSS/INS reference systems using two different methods. The obtained results in the conventional photogrammetric project show that the proposed method allows performing the geometric system calibration of the TACx4 system achieving around 50 cm (5 pixels) in horizontal and vertical accuracies. The obtained results can be used for large-scale mapping requirements using direct sensor orientation according to Brazilian accuracy standards.
SAR TO OPTICAL IMAGE SYNTHESIS FOR CLOUD REMOVAL WITH GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Bermudez J. D. , Happ P. N. , Oliveira D. A. B. , Feitosa R. Q.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Optical imagery is often affected by the presence of clouds. Aiming to reduce their effects, different reconstruction techniques have been proposed in the last years. A common alternative is to extract data from active sensors, like Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), because they are almost independent on the atmospheric conditions and solar illumination. On the other hand, SAR images are more complex to interpret than optical images requiring particular handling. Recently, Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) have been widely used in different image generation tasks presenting state-of-the-art results. One application of cGANs is learning a nonlinear mapping function from two images of different domains. In this work, we combine the fact that SAR images are hardly affected by clouds with the ability of cGANS for image translation in order to map optical images from SAR ones so as to recover regions that are covered by clouds. Experimental results indicate that the proposed solution achieves better classification accuracy than SAR based classification.
ULTRA-HIGH PRECISION UAV-BASED LIDAR AND DENSE IMAGE MATCHING
Authors: Cramer M. , Haala N. , Laupheimer D. , Mandlburger G. , Havel P.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper presents a study on the potential of ultra-high accurate UAV-based 3D data capture. It is motivated by a project aiming at the deformation monitoring of a ship lock and its surrounding. This study is part of a research and development project initiated by the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) in Koblenz in partnership with the Office of Development of Neckar River Heidelberg (ANH). For this first official presentation of the project, data from the first flight campaign will be analysed and presented. Despite the fact that monitoring aspects cannot be discussed before data from additional flight campaigns will be available later this year, our results from the first campaign highlight the potential of high-end UAV-based image and LiDAR sensors and their data fusion. So far, only techniques from engineering geodesy could fulfil the aspired accuracy demands in the range of millimetres. To the knowledge of the authors, this paper for the first time addresses such ultra-high accuracy applications by combing high precision UAV-based LiDAR and dense image matching. As the paper is written at an early stage of processing only preliminary results can be given here.
MEASURING IN IMAGES WITH PROJECTIVE GEOMETRY
Authors: Erdnüß B.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. There is a fundamental relationship between projective geometry and the perspective imaging geometry of a pinhole camera. Projective scales have been used to measure within images from the beginnings of photogrammetry, mostly the cross-ratio on a straight line. However, there are also projective frames in the plane with interesting connections to affine and projective geometry in three dimensional space that can be utilized for photogrammetry. This article introduces an invariant on the projective plane, describes its relation to affine geometry, and how to use it to reduce the complexity of projective transformations. It describes how the invariant can be use to measure on projectively distorted planes in images and shows applications to this in 3D reconstruction. The article follows two central ideas. One is to measure coordinates in an image relatively to each other to gain as much invariance of the viewport as possible. The other is to use the remaining variance to determine the 3D structure of the scene and to locate the camera centers. For this, the images are projected onto a common plane in the scene. 3D structure not on the plane occludes different parts of the plane in the images. From this, the position of the cameras and the 3D structure are obtained.
MARKER-BASED LOCALIZATION OF THE MICROSOFT HOLOLENS IN BUILDING MODELS
Authors: Hübner P. , Weinmann M. , Wursthorn S.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Mobile augmented reality devices for indoor environments like the Microsoft HoloLens hold potential for the in-situ visualization of building model data. While the HoloLens has sufficient real-time inside-out tracking capacity to provide a spatially correct and stable visualization of virtual content relative to its surroundings, the placement of virtual objects normally has to be done actively by the user. Beyond reliable tracking capacity, augmenting an indoor environment with corresponding building model data requires a one-time localization of the AR platform inside the local coordinate frame of the building model to be visualized. To this aim, we present a simple marker-based localization method for the HoloLens that is sufficient to overlay indoor environments with virtual room-scale model data with a spatial accuracy of few centimeters. Furthermore, an evaluation method suitable for the proposed scenario is presented, that does not rely on the HoloLens “Live Capture” camera which turned out to produce deviant placements of virtual content in relation to the perception of the user wearing the HoloLens device.