bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le renouveau du conte au Québec, au Brésil et en France : analyse comparative et nouvelles perspectives pour une sociologie de l’oralité
Authors: Martineau Myriame , Tierno de Siqueira Giuliano , Hernandez Soazig , Ponsin Annabelle
Published: June 2016

Cet article s’interroge sur le renouveau du conte comme objet social et oralité performée. Il restructure le monde du conte et informe à la fois sur nos manières de vivre collectivement l’espace social et sur les enjeux de mutation du savoir raconter. En effet, la tendance vers la professionnalisation de cet art modifie les expériences partagées et ses enjeux sociopolitiques. Cet article propose de revenir sur les perspectives sociologiques du conte comme parole créatrice et collective afin de saisir les spécificités des lieux, des pratiques, des tendances qui caractérisent ces renouveaux du conte au Québec, au Brésil et en France. Cette approche offre à la sociologie un nouveau regard, en examinant l’oralité et la parole publique dans ces trois sociétés.
Un anthropologue à Tchernobyl, entre catastrophe imaginaire et catastrophe
réelle
Authors: Lemarchand Frédérick
Published: June 2016

Tchernobyl est un événement fondateur, ouvrant sur un monde nouveau et durable, qui
a pour caractéristique d’être, selon l’expression de Günther Anders, à la fois
infraliminaire, un signal trop faible pour être perçu, comme la contamination à faible dose
dans le temps long, et supraliminaire, c’est-à-dire trop grands pour être appréhendés, par
exemple la durée de vie d’éléments radioactifs se comptant en centaines de milliers
d’années. L’un des principaux enseignements que l’on tirer de la confrontation à de tels
« objets » est que les catastrophes ont, ceci aussi est paradoxal, pour principale
conséquence d’unifier le genre humain, de rendre contemporains d’une même historicité tous
ceux qui en sont les victimes plus ou moins directes. Ce qui, indiscutablement, incite à
renouveler la sociologie académique et invite à tirer des leçons sur les relations
qu’entretient la tradition sociologique avec des objets aussi apparemment étrangers les uns
aux autres que Tchernobyl, Fukushima, les OGM, le corps bionique, les « nouveaux paysans »,
les « décroissants » et les populations déplacées, qui doivent dorénavant être pensés
ensemble. La réalisation de la catastrophe semblant avoir porté atteinte à notre possibilité
de la figurer, l’objet « catastrophe nucléaire » pose à la démarche anthropologique de
nombreuses questions en même temps qu’il conduit à réinterroger les fondements critiques de
la modernité.
EphrinB2 drives perivascular invasion and proliferation of glioblastoma stem-like cells
Authors: Krusche Benjamin , Ottone Cristina , Clements Melanie P , Johnstone Ewan R , Goetsch Katrin , Lieven Huang , Mota Silvia G , Singh Poonam , Khadayate Sanjay , Ashraf Azhaar , Davies Timothy , Pollard Steven M , De Paola Vincenzo , Roncaroli Federico , Martinez-Torrecuadrada Jorge , Bertone Paul , Parrinello Simona
Published: June 2016

Glioblastomas (GBM) are aggressive and therapy-resistant brain tumours, which contain a subpopulation of tumour-propagating glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) thought to drive progression and recurrence. Diffuse invasion of the brain parenchyma, including along preexisting blood vessels, is a leading cause of therapeutic resistance, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that ephrin-B2 mediates GSC perivascular invasion. Intravital imaging, coupled with mechanistic studies in murine GBM models and patient-derived GSC, revealed that endothelial ephrin-B2 compartmentalises non-tumourigenic cells. In contrast, upregulation of the same ephrin-B2 ligand in GSC enabled perivascular migration through homotypic forward signalling. Surprisingly, ephrin-B2 reverse signalling also promoted tumourigenesis cell-autonomously, by mediating anchorage-independent cytokinesis via RhoA. In human GSC-derived orthotopic xenografts, EFNB2 knock-down blocked tumour initiation and treatment of established tumours with ephrin-B2-blocking antibodies suppressed progression. Thus, our results indicate that targeting ephrin-B2 may be an effective strategy for the simultaneous inhibition of invasion and proliferation in GBM.
Thermal phonon transport in Si thin film with dog-leg shaped asymmetric nanostructures
Authors: Kage Yuta , Hagino Harutoshi , Yanagisawa Ryoto , Maire Jeremie , Miyazaki Koji , Nomura Masahiro
Published: June 2016

Thermal phonon transport in single-crystalline Si thin films with dog-leg shaped nanostructures was investigated. Thermal conductivities for the forward and backward directions were measured and compared at 5 and 295 K by micro thermoreflectance. The Si thin film with dog-leg shaped nanostructures showed lower thermal conductivities than those of nanowires and two-dimensional phononic crystals with circular holes at the same surface-to-volume ratio. However, asymmetric thermal conductivity was not observed at small temperature gradient condition in spite of the highly asymmetric shape though the size of the pattern is within thermal phonon mean free path range. We conclude that strong temperature dependent thermal conductivity is required to observe the asymmetric thermal phonon conduction in monolithic materials with asymmetric nanostructures.
Complete plastid genome sequence ofPrimula sinensis(Primulaceae): structure comparison, sequence variation and evidence foraccDtransfer to nucleus
Authors: Liu Tong-Jian , Zhang Cai-Yun , Yan Hai-Fei , Zhang Lu , Ge Xue-Jun , Hao Gang
Published: June 2016

Species-rich genusPrimulaL. is a typical plant group with which to understand genetic variance between species in different levels of relationships. Chloroplast genome sequences are used to be the information resource for quantifying this difference and reconstructing evolutionary history. In this study, we reported the complete chloroplast genome sequence ofPrimula sinensisand compared it with other related species. This genome of chloroplast showed a typical circular quadripartite structure with 150,859 bp in sequence length consisting of 37.2% GC base. Two inverted repeated regions (25,535 bp) were separated by a large single-copy region (82,064 bp) and a small single-copy region (17,725 bp). The genome consists of 112 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes. Among them, seven coding genes, seven tRNA genes and four rRNA genes have two copies due to their locations in the IR regions. TheaccDandinfAgenes lacking intact open reading frames (ORF) were identified as pseudogenes. SSR and sequence variation analyses were also performed on the plastome ofPrimula sinensis, comparing with another available plastome ofP. poissonii. The four most variable regions,rpl36–rps8,rps16–trnQ,trnH–psbAandndhC–trnV, were identified. Phylogenetic relationship estimates using three sub-datasets extracted from a matrix of 57 protein-coding gene sequences showed the identical result that was consistent with previous studies. A transcript found fromP. sinensistranscriptome showed a high similarity to plastidaccDfunctional region and was identified as a putative plastid transit peptide at the N-terminal region. The result strongly suggested that plastidaccDhas been functionally transferred to the nucleus inP. sinensis.
Emergent properties of a computational model of tumour growth
Authors: Pantziarka Pan
Published: June 2016

While there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the genetic drivers and molecular pathways involved in cancer in recent decades, there also remain key areas of dispute with respect to fundamental theories of cancer. The accumulation of vast new datasets from genomics and other fields, in addition to detailed descriptions of molecular pathways, cloud the issues and lead to ever greater complexity. One strategy in dealing with such complexity is to develop models to replicate salient features of the system and therefore to generate hypotheses which reflect on the real system. A simple tumour growth model is outlined which displays emergent behaviours that correspond to a number of clinically relevant phenomena including tumour growth, intra-tumour heterogeneity, growth arrest and accelerated repopulation following cytotoxic insult. Analysis of model data suggests that the processes of cell competition and apoptosis are key drivers of these emergent behaviours. Questions are raised as to the role of cell competition and cell death in physical cancer growth and the relevance that these have to cancer research in general is discussed.
Sonographic Elastography of Mastitis
Authors: Sousaris Nicholas , Barr Richard G.
Published: June 2016

Sonographic elastography has been shown to be a useful imaging modality in characterizing breast lesions as benign or malignant. However, in preliminary research, mastitis has given false‐positive findings on both strain and shear wave elastography. In this article, we review the findings in mastitis with and without abscess formation on both strain and shear wave elastography. The elastographic findings in all cases were suggestive of a malignancy according to published thresholds. In cases of mastitis with abscess formation, there is a characteristic appearance, with a central very soft area (abscess cavity) and a very stiff outer rim (edema and inflammation). This appearance should raise the suspicion of mastitis with abscess formation, since these findings are rare in breast cancers.
A New Sonographic Weight Estimation Formula for Small‐for‐Gestational‐Age Fetuses
Authors: Faschingbauer Florian , Dammer Ulf , Raabe Eva , Kehl Sven , Schmid Matthias , Schild Ralf L. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Mayr Andreas
Published: June 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to develop a new specific weight estimation formula for small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses that differentiated between symmetric and asymmetric growth patterns.

Methods

A statistical estimation technique known as component‐wise gradient boosting was applied to a group of 898 SGA fetuses (symmetric, n = 750; asymmetric, n = 148). A new formula was derived from the data obtained and was then compared to other commonly used equations.

Results

The new formula derived is as follows: estimated fetal weight = e^[1.3734627 + 0.0057133 × biparietal diameter + 0.0011282 × head circumference + 0.0201147 × abdominal circumference + 0.0183081 × femur length − 0.0000177 × biparietal diameter2 − 0.0000018 × head circumference2 − 0.0000297 × abdominal circumference2 −0.0001007 × femur length2 + 0.0397563 × I(sex = male) + 0.0064505 × gestational age (days) + 0.0096528 × I(SGA = asymmetric)], where the function I denotes an indicator function, which is 1 if the expression is fulfilled (sex = male; SGA type = asymmetric) and otherwise 0. In the whole study group and the 2 subgroups, the new formula showed the lowest median absolute percentage error, mean percentage error, and random error and the best distribution of absolute percentage errors within prespecified error bounds.

Conclusions

The new formula substantially improves weight estimation in SGA fetuses.
Evaluation of QTc prolongation and dosage effect with citalopram
Authors: McClelland Justine , Mathys Monica
Published: June 2016

Introduction:Recently, controversy has surrounded a 2011 Food and Drug Administration warning against using citalopram at doses >40 mg/day due to QTc prolonging effects.

Methods:Patients ≥18 years old at the VA North Texas Health Care System were included in this retrospective review if they had received at least 1 prescription for a 30-day supply of citalopram between January 1, 2007, and February 29, 2012, and had a baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) within 1 year before initiation or dose increase of citalopram and at least 1 repeat ECG within 3 months after citalopram initiation or dose increase. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of QTc prolongation (QTc interval ≥470 ms for men and ≥480 ms for women) after initiation or a dose increase of citalopram. For secondary objectives, Fisher exact tests were used determine if there was a dose-dependent difference in prevalence of QTc prolongation among the whole study sample and among the subgroup of patients ≥60 years old.

Results:Among the entire study sample, QTc prolongation was identified in 12 patients (16.4%) after initiation or a dose increase of citalopram. In the subgroup of patients ≥60 years old, QTc prolongation was identified in 7 patients (21.9%). Prevalence of QTc prolongation increased with dose in the entire study population (P = .016) and in patients ≥60 years (not significant).

Discussion:This retrospective study suggests that citalopram produces a dose-dependent increase in QTc interval.
Management of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Tewksbury Ashley , Olander Amy
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Antipsychotics represent a large portion of the psychotropics that may induce hyperprolactinemia. Clinical psychiatric pharmacists must be adept in stratifying the relative risk of hyperprolactinemia among psychotropics, identifying patient risk factors, recognizing differential diagnoses, and recommending therapeutic alternatives and treatment strategies. High-potency, typical antipsychotics are more likely to elevate prolactin although exceptions to the rule exist.

Methods: A literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed to identify English language articles on the treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in humans. Methodological rigor is summarized for compiled studies in addition to feasibility and limitations of application to clinical practice.

Results: There is an absence of robust evidence for the management of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia. Among the pharmacological treatments studied, aripiprazole (switching or augmentation) possessed the strongest evidence. Pharmacological treatments with less evidence encompassed dose reduction, switching to lower potency antipsychotics, and adding dopamine agonists. To date, no head-to-head studies have been published on the above approaches.

Discussion: Atypical antipsychotics with low affinity for dopamine (D2) receptors, such as olanzapine, are logical alternatives for the patient experiencing drug-induced hyperprolactinemia. When augmentation is clinically preferred to switching, a viable option is the addition of a full or partial dopamine agonist, such as bromocriptine or aripiprazole, respectively. Patient-specific risk of psychiatric decompensation and the severity of symptomatic hyperprolactinemia should be weighed when formulating treatment strategies.
Sexual dysfunction in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and potential solutions: A narrative literature review
Authors: Jing Elizabeth , Straw-Wilson Kristyn
Published: June 2016

Sexual dysfunction is an underdiscussed adverse effect to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and may increase the risk for discontinuation and nonadherence to antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Given the prevalence of depression, health care providers should educate patients about SSRI-associated sexual dysfunction in order to promote patient awareness and medication adherence. This study evaluated primary literature from 1997 to 2015 to identify SSRI-related sexual side effects, therapeutic alternatives, and treatment strategies. The results indicate that paroxetine is associated with the greatest rate of sexual dysfunction among the SSRIs. Potential alternatives to SSRI treatment include bupropion, mirtazapine, vilazodone, vortioxetine, and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. In the event that a subject responds solely to SSRIs but experiences unwanted sexual side effects, bupropion may be added as an adjunctive medication. Some limited evidence also suggests that saffron may reduce some aspects of sexual dysfunction, excluding ability to reach orgasm.
Extending Theis' solution: Using transient pumping tests to estimate parameters of aquifer heterogeneity
Authors: Zech Alraune , Müller Sebastian , Mai Juliane , Heße Falk , Attinger Sabine
Published: June 2016

A framework for interpreting transient pumping tests in heterogeneous transmissivity fields is developed to infer the overall geostatistical parameters of the medium without reconstructing the specific heterogeneous structure point wise. The methodology of Radial Coarse Graining is applied to deduce an effective radial description of multi‐Gaussian transmissivity. It was used to derive an Effective Well Flow Solution for transient flow conditions including not only the storativity, but also the geometric mean, the variance, and the correlation length of log‐transmissivity. This solution is shown to be appropriate to characterize the pumping test drawdown behavior in heterogeneous transmissivity fields making use of ensembles of simulated pumping tests with multiple combinations of statistical parameters. Based on the Effective Well Flow Solution, a method is developed for inferring heterogeneity parameters from transient pumping test drawdown data by inverse estimation. Thereby, the impact of statistical parameters on the drawdown is analyzed, allowing to determine the dependence of reliability of parameter estimates on location and number of measurements. It is shown, that the number of measurements can be reduced compared to steady state pumping tests. Finally, a sampling strategy for single aquifer analysis is developed, which allows to estimate the statistical parameters, in particular variance and correlation length for individual heterogeneous transmissivity fields making use of transient pumping test measurements at multiple locations.
Structural controls on anomalous transport in fractured porous rock
Authors: Edery Yaniv , Geiger Sebastian , Berkowitz Brian
Published: June 2016

Anomalous transport is ubiquitous in a wide range of disordered systems, notably in fractured porous formations. We quantitatively identify the structural controls on anomalous tracer transport in a model of a real fractured geological formation that was mapped in an outcrop. The transport, determined by a continuum scale mathematical model, is characterized by breakthrough curves (BTCs) that document anomalous (or “non‐Fickian”) transport, which is accounted for by a power law distribution of local transition times
within the framework of a continuous time random walk (CTRW). We show that the determination of
is related to fractures aligned approximately with the macroscopic direction of flow. We establish the dominant role of fracture alignment and assess the statistics of these fractures by determining a concentration‐visitation weighted residence time histogram. We then convert the histogram to a probability density function (pdf) that coincides with the CTRW
and hence anomalous transport. We show that the permeability of the geological formation hosting the fracture network has a limited effect on the anomalous nature of the transport; rather, it is the fractures transverse to the flow direction that play the major role in forming the long BTC tail associated with anomalous transport. This is a remarkable result, given the complexity of the flow field statistics as captured by concentration transitions.
Bioinspired Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites and Their Application in Flexible Energy Devices
Authors: Wan Sijie , Peng Jingsong , Jiang Lei , Cheng Qunfeng
Published: June 2016

Graphene is the strongest and stiffest material ever identified and the best electrical conductor known to date, making it an ideal candidate for constructing nanocomposites used in flexible energy devices. However, it remains a great challenge to assemble graphene nanosheets into macro‐sized high‐performance nanocomposites in practical applications of flexible energy devices using traditional approaches. Nacre, the gold standard for biomimicry, provides an excellent example and guideline for assembling two‐dimensional nanosheets into high‐performance nanocomposites. This review summarizes recent research on the bioinspired graphene‐based nanocomposites (BGBNs), and discusses different bioinspired assembly strategies for constructing integrated high‐strength and ‐toughness graphene‐based nanocomposites through various synergistic effects. Fundamental properties of graphene‐based nanocomposites, such as strength, toughness, and electrical conductivities, are highlighted. Applications of the BGBNs in flexible energy devices, as well as potential challenges, are addressed. Inspired from the past work done by the community a roadmap for the future of the BGBNs in flexible energy device applications is depicted.
Genetically Engineered Organization: Protein Template, Biological Recognition Sites, and Nanoparticles
Authors: Jehle Franziska , Valverde‐Tercedor Carmen , Reichel Victoria , Carillo Maria A. , Bennet Mathieu , Günther Erika , Wirth Richard , Mickoleit Frank , Zarivach Raz , Schüler Dirk , Blank Kerstin G. , Faivre Damien
Published: June 2016

Nanoparticles and their assemblies exhibit properties that can be used for a wide range of applications. However, creating multifunctional assemblies has remained challenging. Inspired by magnetotactic bacteria, genetically engineered single building blocks from magnetosome chains are used and complemented by additional components to form fluorescent assemblies of nanoparticles of varying types. This strategy is illustrated by the use of a protein from magnetotactic bacteria (MamK) known to form filaments in vivo and in vitro. A fusion protein of MamK and the fluorescent protein mCherry is recombinantly expressed and isolated using a hexahistidine tag that is subsequently used to bind functionalized gold nanoparticles to polymerized MamK_mCherry_His6 filaments. The versatility of this modular approach is further exemplified by the concomitant addition of biological or synthetic magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with a nanobody directed against mCherry. The as‐formed structures are fluorescent and can be actuated by an external magnetic field. This study shows again how nature's strategies can be applied for designing multifunctional materials.
Transition Metal‐Promoted V2CO2 (MXenes): A New and Highly Active Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ling Chongyi , Shi Li , Ouyang Yixin , Chen Qian , Wang Jinlan
Published: June 2016

Developing alternatives to precious Pt for hydrogen production from water splitting is central to the area of renewable energy. This work predicts extremely high catalytic activity of transition metal (Fe, Co, and Ni) promoted two‐dimensional MXenes, fully oxidized vanadium carbides (V2CO2), for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The first‐principle calculations show that the introduction of transition metal can greatly weaken the strong binding between hydrogen and oxygen and engineer the hydrogen adsorption free energy to the optimal value ≈0 eV by choosing the suitable type and coverage of the promoters as well as the active sites. Strain engineering on the performance of transition metal promoted V2CO2 further reveals that the excellent HER activities can maintain well while those poor ones can be modulated to be highly active. This study provides new possibilities for cost‐effective alternatives to Pt in HER and for the application of 2D MXenes.
Growth patterns among indigenous Qom children of the Argentine Gran Chaco
Authors: Alfonso‐Durruty Marta P. , Valeggia Claudia R.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVES

This study describes and compares the growth strategies of rural (Western) and peri‐urban (Eastern) Qom indigenous children from Argentina.

METHODS

Height and weight were cross‐sectionally assessed in Western (n = 263) and Eastern Qom (n = 512) individuals aged 0‐18.9 years. Height‐for‐age (HAZ), weight‐for‐age (WAZ), and BMI‐for‐age (BMIZ)z‐scores were calculated with an LMS software. Results were organized into four age categories: infancy, childhood, juvenility, and adolescence. Between‐group comparisons of HAZ, WAZ, and BMIZ were carried out by age and sex categories and compared with Student'stor Mann Whitney tests. Nutritional status was classified based on BMIZ following WHO recommendations and was compared withtests.

RESULTS

In both groups, height and weight followed the typical human growth curve. Mean HAZ scores in both groups were within two standard deviations from the international reference, and increased from infancy to juvenility. WAZ and BMIZ scores were high during infancy and showed a general declining trend with age. Overall, Western Qom had higher HAZ scores. WAZ and BMIZ score comparisons showed only a handful of statistically significant differences, which, along with the analysis of BMI categories, indicated an association between peri‐urban environments and a higher prevalence of overweight and obese individuals (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

Among the Qom, low HAZ and high WAZ scores during the early years of development allow for the attainment of a relatively high adult stature. Their adaptive life‐history strategy seems to be to divert energy toward body mass during early development, and catch‐up with linear growth at a later stage of development. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:895–904, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recurrence of split hand/foot malformation, cleft lip/palate, and severe urogenital abnormalities due to germline mosaicism for TP63 mutation
Authors: Enriquez Annabelle , Krivanek Michael , Flöttmann Ricarda , Peters Hartmut , Wilson Meredith
Published: June 2016

We describe two sibling fetuses with urogenital abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound, in which post‐delivery examination showed split hand and foot malformation, and bilateral cleft lip and palate. These findings are consistent with ectrodactyly‐ectodermal dysplasia‐cleft lip with or without cleft palate syndrome (EEC). Both fetuses were found to have the same missense mutation in TP63 (c.1051G > A; p.D351N). Parental clinical examinations and lymphocyte DNA analyses were normal. This report illustrates the potential severity of urogenital defects in TP63‐related disorders, which may be detectable with fetal ultrasonography. It highlights the need to counsel for the possibility of germline mosaicism in TP63‐associated disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymmetric Aminocatalysis in the Synthesis of δ‐Lactone Derivatives
Authors: Albrecht Anna , Skrzyńska Anna , Pietrzak Anna , Bojanowski Jan , Albrecht Łukasz
Published: June 2016

In this manuscript, a novel approach to 3,4‐dihydrocoumarins is presented. It utilizes the aminocatalytic, trienamine‐mediated cycloaddition reaction between 2,4‐dienals and ethyl coumarincarboxylates. The reaction is promoted by a bifunctional aminocatalyst bearing a hydrogen‐bonding squaramide structural unit. As a consequence, the stereochemical outcome is governed through the double hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the hydrogen‐bonding moiety of the catalyst and the dienophile. The transformation of the obtained cycloadducts into 3,4‐dihydrocoumarins bearing a bislactone structural motif is presented.
Toward Extreme Biophysics: Deciphering the Infrared Response of Biomolecular Solutions at High Pressures
Authors: Imoto Sho , Kibies Patrick , Rosin Christopher , Winter Roland , Kast Stefan M. , Marx Dominik
Published: June 2016

Biophysics under extreme conditions is the fundamental platform for scrutinizing life in unusual habitats, such as those in the deep sea or continental subsurfaces, but also for putative extraterrestrial organisms. Therefore, an important thermodynamic variable to explore is pressure. It is shown that the combination of infrared spectroscopy with simulation is an exquisite approach for unraveling the intricate pressure response of the solvation pattern of TMAO in water, which is expected to be transferable to biomolecules in their native solvent. Pressure‐enhanced hydrogen bonding was found for TMAO in water. TMAO is a molecule known to stabilize proteins against pressure‐induced denaturation in deep‐sea organisms.
Extended Bis(benzothia)quinodimethanes and Their Dications: From Singlet Diradicaloids to Isoelectronic Structures of Long Acenes
Authors: Dong Shaoqiang , Herng Tun Seng , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Phan Hoa , Lim Zheng Long , Hu Pan , Webster Richard D. , Ding Jun , Chi Chunyan
Published: June 2016

Extended bis(benzothia)quinodimethanes and their dications were synthesized as stable species. The neutral compounds mainly have a quinoidal structure in the ground state but show increased diradical character with extension of the central quinodimethane unit. The dications exhibit similar electronic absorption spectra, NMR spectra, NICS values, and diatropic ring currents to their aromatic all‐carbon acene analogues and thus can be regarded as genuine isoelectronic structures of pentacene, hexacene, and heptacene, respectively. Our research gave some insights into the design and synthesis of stable longer acene analogues.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of Manganese Oxyhydride with Partial Anion Order
Authors: Tassel Cedric , Goto Yoshinori , Watabe Daichi , Tang Ya , Lu Honcheng , Kuno Yoshinori , Takeiri Fumitaka , Yamamoto Takafumi , Brown Craig M. , Hester James , Kobayashi Yoji , Kageyama Hiroshi
Published: June 2016

The high‐pressure synthesis of a manganese oxyhydride LaSrMnO3.3H0.7is reported. Neutron and X‐ray Rietveld analyses showed that this compound adopts the K2NiF4structure with hydride ions positioned exclusively at the equatorial site. This result makes a striking contrast to topochemical reductions of LaSrMnO4that result in only oxygen‐deficient phases down to LaSrMnO3.5. This suggests that high H2pressure plays a key role in stabilizing the oxyhydride phase, offering an opportunity to synthesize other transition‐metal oxyhydrides. Magnetic susceptibility revealed a spin‐glass transition at 24 K that is due to competing ferromagnetic (Mn2+–Mn3+) and antiferromagnetic (Mn2+–Mn2, Mn3+–Mn3+) interactions.
Electrochemical Red Blood Cell Counting: One at a Time
Authors: Sepunaru Lior , Sokolov Stanislav V. , Holter Jennifer , Young Neil P. , Compton Richard G.
Published: June 2016

We demonstrate that the concentration of a red blood cell solution under physiological conditions can be determined by electrochemical voltammetry. The magnitude of the oxygen reduction currents produced at an edge‐plane pyrolytic graphite electrode was diagnosed analytically at concentrations suitable for a point‐of‐care test device. The currents could be further enhanced when the solution of red blood cells was exposed to hydrogen peroxide. We show that the enhanced signal can be used to detect red blood cells at a single entity level. The method presented relies on the catalytic activity of red blood cells towards hydrogen peroxide and on surface‐induced haemolysis. Each single cell activity is expressed as current spikes decaying within a few seconds back to the background current. The frequency of such current spikes is proportional to the concentration of cells in solution.
Synthesis of Monocrystalline Nanoframes of Prussian Blue Analogues by Controlled Preferential Etching
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Yanyi , Malgras Victor , Ji Qingmin , Jiang Dongmei , Qi Ruijuan , Ariga Katsuhiko , Yamauchi Yusuke , Liu Jian , Jiang Ji‐Sen , Hu Ming
Published: June 2016

Metal cyanide coordination compounds are recognized as promising candidates for broad applications because of their tailorable and adjustable frameworks. Developing the nanostructure of a coordination compound may be an effective way to enhance the performance of that material in application‐based roles. A controllable preferential etching method is described for synthesis of monocrystalline Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanoframes, without the use of organic additives. The PBA nanoframes show remarkable rate performance and cycling stability for sodium/lithium ion insertion/extraction.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of Manganese Oxyhydride with Partial Anion Order
Authors: Tassel Cedric , Goto Yoshinori , Watabe Daichi , Tang Ya , Lu Honcheng , Kuno Yoshinori , Takeiri Fumitaka , Yamamoto Takafumi , Brown Craig M. , Hester James , Kobayashi Yoji , Kageyama Hiroshi
Published: June 2016

The high‐pressure synthesis of a manganese oxyhydride LaSrMnO3.3H0.7 is reported. Neutron and X‐ray Rietveld analyses showed that this compound adopts the K2NiF4 structure with hydride ions positioned exclusively at the equatorial site. This result makes a striking contrast to topochemical reductions of LaSrMnO4 that result in only oxygen‐deficient phases down to LaSrMnO3.5. This suggests that high H2 pressure plays a key role in stabilizing the oxyhydride phase, offering an opportunity to synthesize other transition‐metal oxyhydrides. Magnetic susceptibility revealed a spin‐glass transition at 24 K that is due to competing ferromagnetic (Mn2+–Mn3+) and antiferromagnetic (Mn2+–Mn2, Mn3+–Mn3+) interactions.
Fe3O4/poly(acrylic acid) hybrid nanoparticles for water‐based drilling fluids
Authors: Wu Yuanpeng , Yan Zhu , Wang Pingquan , Luo Pingya , Lin Yuanhua
Published: June 2016

Because of the sizes of the pore throat are on the nanometer scale, nanoparticles with sizes on the nanoscale have been developed as candidates for plugging materials during drilling in shale formation. In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by a coprecipitation method, and then, Fe3O4/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hybrid nanoparticles were obtained through the modification of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles with PAA. The hybrid nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The magnetic properties, salt tolerance, and compatibility with sulfomethylated phenolic resin of the nanoparticles were studied. The plugging properties of the Fe3O4/PAA hybrid nanoparticles were evaluated by filtration testing of the filter cakes at ambient temperature and 80 °C. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43967.
Function analysis of Mef2c promoter in muscle differentiation
Authors: Jin Wei , Liu Min , Peng Jian , Jiang Siwen
Published: June 2016

Regeneration of adult skeletal muscle following injury occurs through the activation of satellite cells that proliferates, differentiates, and fuses with injured myofibers. Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) proteins are reported to have the potential contributions to adult muscle regeneration. To further understand Mef2c gene, the promoter of pig Mef2c gene was analyzed in this paper. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) revealed the expression pattern of Mef2c gene in muscle of eight tissues. The Mef2c promoter had the higher transcriptional activity in differentiated C2C12 cells than that in proliferating C2C12 cells, which was accompanied by the upregulation of mRNA expression of Mef2c gene. Function deletion and mutation analyses showed that MyoD and MEF2 binding sites within the Mef2c promoter were responsible for the regulation of Mef2c transcription. MEF2C could upregulate the transcriptional activities of Mef2c promoter constructs, which contained a 3′‐end nucleotide sequence with p300 binding site. The electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays determined the MyoD binding site in Mef2c promoter. These results advanced our knowledge of the promoter of the pig Mef2c gene, and the study of Mef2c promoter regulator elements helped to elucidate the regulation mechanisms of Mef2c in muscle differentiation or muscle repair and regeneration.
Photoluminescence, semiconductive properties and theoretical calculation of a novel bismuth biimidazole compound
Authors: Zhang Ding‐Wa , Chen Wen‐Tong , Wang Yin‐Feng
Published: June 2016

A novel bismuth biimidazole compound, [(BiCl4)‐(μ2‐Cl)2‐(BiCl4)][(CH3)4‐2,2'‐biimidazole]2 (1) with the (CH3)4‐2,2'‐biimidazole moiety generated in situ, was successfully prepared under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized using a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. Compound 1 is characteristic of an isolated structure, consisting of [(BiCl4)‐(μ2‐Cl)2‐(BiCl4)] and (CH3)4‐2,2'‐biimidazole moieties. Solid‐state photoluminescence measurement reveals that it shows a strong emission in the blue region. Time‐dependent density functional theory studies show that this emission is ascribed to metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer. The solid‐state diffuse reflectance spectrum reveals the existence of an optical band gap of 2.09 eV, indicating that it is a semiconductor.
Binding and thermodynamics of REV peptide−ctDNA interaction
Authors: Upadhyay Santosh Kumar
Published: June 2016

The thermodynamics of DNA‐ligand binding is important as it provides useful information to understand the details of binding processes. HIV‐1 REV response element (RRE) located in the env coding region of the viral genome is reported to be well conserved across different HIV‐1 isolates. In this study, the binding characteristics of Calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and REV peptide from HIV‐1 were investigated using spectroscopic (UV–visible, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD)) and isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC) techniques. Thermal stability and ligand binding properties of the ctDNA revealed that native ctDNA had a Tm of 75.5 °C, whereas the ctDNA–REV peptide complex exhibited an incremental shift in the Tm by 8 °C, indicating thermal stability of the complex. CD data indicated increased ellipticity due to large conformational changes in ctDNA molecule upon binding with REV peptide and two binding stoichiometric modes are apparent. The ctDNA experienced condensation due to large conformational changes in the presence of REV peptide and positive B→Ψ transition was observed at higher molar charge ratios. Fluorescence studies performed at several ligand concentrations revealed a gradual decrease in the fluorescence intensity of EtBr‐bound ctDNA in response to increasing ligand concentrations. The fluorescence data further confirmed two stoichiometric modes of binding for ctDNA–REV peptide complex as previously observed with CD studies. The binding enthalpies were determined using ITC in the temperature range of 293 K–308 K. The ITC binding isotherm was exothermic at all temperatures examined, with low ΔH values indicating that the ctDNA–REV peptide interaction is driven largely by entropy. The heat capacity change (ΔCp) was insignificant, an unusual finding in the area of DNA‐peptide interaction studies. The variation in the values obtained for ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG with temperature further suggests that ctDNA–REV peptide interaction is entropically driven. ITC based analysis of salt dependence of binding constant gave a charge value (Z) = +4.01, as determined for the δlnK/δln[Na+] parameter, suggesting the participation of only 3–4 Arg out of 11 Arg charge from REV peptide. The stoichiometry observed for the complex was three molar charge of REV peptide binding per molar charge of ctDNA. ITC based analysis further confirmed that the binding between ctDNA and REV peptide is governed by electrostatic interaction. Molecular interactions including H‐bonding, van der Waals forces, and solvent molecules rearrangement, underlie the binding of REV peptide to ctDNA.
The Consolidation of the ESG Rating Industry as an Enactment of Institutional Retrogression
Authors: Avetisyan Emma , Hockerts Kai
Published: June 2016

The socially responsible investing (SRI) movement has been aiming to create lasting institutional change by infusing the investment sector with new norms and values. Environmental, social and governance (ESG) rating agencies have emerged in response to the needs of SRI actors for reliable data on the social performance of firms. Since 2005, the ESG rating industry has witnessed a number of national and cross‐border consolidations. Based on a set of 37 interviews and secondary data, the paper explores the driving forces behind this consolidation as well as its impact. Our focus is on four ESG rating agencies, based in the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Switzerland. We conclude that in effect consolidation has at least partially resulted in institutional retrogression, whereby the traditional norms and values have reaffirmed their primacy, thereby somewhat negating the institutional change sought by the SRI movement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Characterization of Structural and Electronic Transitions During Reduction and Oxidation of Ru(acac)3 Flow Battery Electrolytes by using X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Kucharyson Jonathan F. , Gaudet Jason R. , Wyvratt Brian M. , Thompson Levi T.
Published: June 2016

Metal acetylacetonates possess several very attractive electrochemical properties; however, their cyclabilities fall short of targets for use in nonaqueous redox flow batteries. This paper describes structural and compositional changes during the reduction and oxidation of ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate [Ru(acac)3], a representative acetylacetonate. Voltammetry, bulk electrolysis, and in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) results are complemented by those from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The reduction of Ru(acac)3 in acetonitrile is highly reversible, producing a couple at −1.1 V versus Ag/Ag+. In situ XAS and DFT indicate the formation of [Ru(acac)3]− with Ru−O bonds lengthened relative to Ru(acac)3, nearly all of the charge localized on Ru, and no ligand shedding. The oxidation of Ru(acac)3 is quasireversible, with a couple at 0.7 V. The initial product is likely [Ru(acac)3]+; however, this species is short‐lived, converting to a product with a couple at −0.2 V, a structure that is nearly identical to that of Ru(acac)3 within 3 Å of Ru, and approximately 70 % of the charge extracted from Ru (balance from acetylacetone). This non‐innocence likely contributes to the instability of [Ru(acac)3]+. Taken together, the results suggest that the stabilities and cyclabilities of acetylacetonates are determined by the degree of charge transfer to/from the metal.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Embedded MoS2 Microspheres as Advanced Anodes for Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xie Dong , Xia Xinhui , Wang Yadong , Wang Donghuang , Zhong Yu , Tang Wangjia , Wang Xiuli , Tu Jiangping
Published: June 2016

Rational design and synthesis of advanced anode materials are extremely important for high‐performance lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries. Herein, a simple one‐step hydrothermal method is developed for fabrication of N‐C@MoS2 microspheres with the help of polyurethane as carbon and nitrogen sources. The MoS2 microspheres are composed of MoS2 nanoflakes, which are wrapped by an N‐doped carbon layer. Owing to its unique structural features, the N‐C@MoS2 microspheres exhibit greatly enhanced lithium‐ and sodium‐storage performances including a high specific capacity, high rate capability, and excellent capacity retention. Additionally, the developed polyurethane‐assisted hydrothermal method could be useful for the construction of many other high‐capacity metal oxide/sulfide composite electrode materials for energy storage.
Alloying Behavior of Self‐Assembled Noble Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Kühn Laura , Herrmann Anne‐Kristin , Rutkowski Bogdan , Oezaslan Mehtap , Nachtegaal Maarten , Klose Markus , Giebeler Lars , Gaponik Nikolai , Eckert Jürgen , Schmidt Thomas J. , Czyrska‐Filemonowicz Aleksandra , Eychmüller Alexander
Published: June 2016

The atomic redistribution processes occurring in multiparticle nanostructures are hardly understood. To obtain a more detailed insight, we applied high‐resolution microscopic, diffraction and spectroscopic characterization techniques to investigate the fine structure and elemental distribution of various bimetallic aerogels with 1:1 compositions, prepared by self‐assembly of single monometallic nanoparticles. The system Au–Ag exhibited a complete alloy formation, whereas Pt–Pd aerogels formed a Pd‐based network with embedded Pt particles. The assembly of Au and Pd nanoparticles resulted in a Pd‐shell formation around the Au particles. This work confirms that bimetallic aerogels are subject to reorganization processes during their gel formation.
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Structures of m,o‐Ce3Pt4Sn6 and Ce1‐xPt6Al13+2x.
Authors: Paschinger Werner , Yubuta Kunio , Saiga Yuta , Takabatake Toshiro , Giester Gerald , Rogl Peter
Published: June 2016

Single crystals of Ce3Pt4Sn6 (I) and Ce1‐xPt6Al13+2x (x = 0.207, (II)) are isolated by mechanical fragmentation of specimens grown from self‐fluxes (Sn or Al, resp.) by slow cooling from the melt.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba1.63La7.39Si11N23 Cl0.42:Ce3+ — A Nitridosilicate Chloride with a Zeolite‐Like Structure.
Authors: Schultz Peter , Durach Dajana , Schnick Wolfgang , Oeckler Oliver
Published: June 2016

Red platelet‐shaped crystals of Ba1.63La7.39Si11N23 Cl0.42:Ce3+ are selected from samples prepared by metathesis reaction of “Si2(NH)3·6NH4Cl” (the product of the ammonolysis of Si2Cl6), LaCl3, BaH2, and CeF3 (W crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Rich Non‐Centrosymmetry in a Na—U—Te Oxo‐System Achieved under Extreme Conditions.
Authors: Xiao Bin , Kegler Philip , Bosbach Dirk , Alekseev Evgeny V.
Published: June 2016

Na[(UO2)TeIV2O5(OH)] (I), Na2[(UO2)(TeVI2O8)] (II), Na2[(UO2)TeVIO5] (III), Na[(UO2)TeIV6O13(OH)] (IV) are obtained by hot press sintering of e.g. a mixture of (UO2)(NO3)2, TeO2, H6TeO6, and Na2S2O4 as Na source and reductant in the ratio U:Te:Na = 1:5:12 (Pt capsule in piston cylinder talc‐Pyrex assembly, 3.5 GPa, 1100 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Two Isomorphic Hybrids M(en)3Ag2I4 (M: Zn and Ni) Showing Distinct Dielectric Feature.
Authors: Wu Yu , Xue Chen , Tian Zheng‐Fang , Luo Hong‐Bin , Ren Xiao‐Ming
Published: June 2016

Zn(en)3Ag2I4 and Ni(en)3Ag2I4, prepared according to the literature, exhibit isomorphic structures (acentrosymmetric space group P63) which are described in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis and Reversible Lithium Insertion Studies on Hydrated Iron Trifluoride FeF3·0.33H2O.
Authors: Rao R. S. , Pralong V. , Varadaraju U. V.
Published: June 2016

FeF3·0.33H2O is prepared by solvothermal reaction of Fe(NO3) dissolved in abs.
ChemInform Abstract: Capturing Phase Evolution During Solvothermal Synthesis of Metastable Cu4O3.
Authors: Jiang Zhelong , Tian Shiliang , Lai Shuqi , McAuliffe Rebecca D. , Rogers Steven P. , Shim Moonsub , Shoemaker Daniel P.
Published: June 2016

Phase development during the preparation of metastable Cu4O3 is systematically investigated in the solvothermal reaction of Cu(NO3)2 in a 1:2 EtOH/DMF mixture (autoclave or evacuated silica tubes, 130 °C, various periods).
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Driven Water Oxidation by a Molecular Manganese Vanadium Oxide Cluster.
Authors: Schwarz Benjamin , Forster Johannes , Goetz McKenna K. , Yuecel Duygu , Berger Claudia , Jacob Timo , Streb Carsten
Published: June 2016

(Bu4N)3 [Mn4V4O17(OAc)3] is prepared by self‐assembly out of the reaction of 1 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Dimeric Polyanion Based on Mono‐Manganese Substituted Keggin‐Type Phosphotungstate: (MnPW11O39)210‐.
Authors: Dong Xinbo , Yang Shenghua , Liu Bin , Wu Panfeng , Hu Huaiming , Xue Ganglin
Published: June 2016

The new polyoxotungstate (III) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD, detailed description).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Magnetic Property of a Cubane‐Type Ni‐Substituted Polyoxotungstate Based on Trivacant Dawson‐Type Unit.
Authors: Wan Rong , Wang Yueyan , Han Mengdan , Ma Pengtao , Niu Jingyang , Wang Jingping
Published: June 2016

The novel compound Na4H4 [P2W15O56(W0.5Ni3.5) (OH)6(H2O)3]·18.5H2O is prepared in aqueous medium by direct reaction of NiCl2 with the trivacant precursor Na12 [P2W15O56]·24H2O under routine conditions (butanedioic acid, NaOAc, H2O, pH 6.5, 80°C, 2 h; 34% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Unsymmetrical Aryl(2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl)iodonium Salts: One‐Pot Synthesis, Scope, Stability, and Synthetic Studies.
Authors: Seidl Thomas L. , Sundalam Sunil K. , McCullough Brennen , Stuart David R.
Published: June 2016

Novel diaryliodonium salts bearing a trimethoxybenzene‐derived auxiliary are synthesized and employed in reactions with C‐, N‐, O‐, and S‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and First Application of Chiral C2‐Symmetric Bis(phosphinite)—Pd(II) Complexes as Catalysts in Asymmetric Intermolecular Heck Reactions.
Authors: Karakas Duygu Elma , Durap Feyyaz , Aydemir Murat , Baysal Akin
Published: June 2016

A novel Pd‐complex is prepared and tested as a catalyst in the asymmetric phenylation of 2,3‐dihydrofuran, however, the regioselectivity is moderate and enantioselectivities are low.