bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
English Language Education as a Social Divider: A Case Study
Authors: Shrestha Parshu Ram
Published: May 2024

This study explores how English language teachers and their students in Nepal have experienced about using English as a medium of instruction in their classroom. A case study was conducted at a public school in Sunsari district in Nepal where English language has been taught to the students in English medium classes and Nepali medium classes separately for some years. Class observation and in-depth interviews with the participants were devised as tools for collecting the data. Interpretive phenomenological approach helped the researcher to conclude that EMI has created a social division between the English language teachers and their students who use it and who do not in their classroom.
Intrapersonal Conflict of the Main Character “Draupadi” in Yaagyasenee
Authors: K.C. Usha
Published: May 2024

The focus of this research is in the area of intrapersonal conflict faced by the main character in Pratibha Ray's Yaagyasenee. It has presented how Draupadi, the most misunderstood character of epic Mahabharat suffers from intrapersonal conflict due to various reasons in the novel. This study is important in order to discover how an individual fall in the trap of intrapersonal conflict in a normal life, when own goals, values or roles diverge with others. The research approach adopted in this research article includes qualitative method. It links literature to the society and the context. The article concentrates on intrapersonal conflict in Draupadi which has been studied using different patterns of conflict identified by Kurt Lewin. This research article explains that while fulfilling their responsibilities or utilizing their rights, people have to continuously pass through intrapersonal conflict which makes different impacts in their lives. It is useful for the researchers who want to study any art from intrapersonal perspectives.
Impact Of Climate Change In Agricultural Production: A Case Of Koshi River Basin, Nepal
Authors: Pyakurel Rajesh , Karki Jaya Ram , Kumar Prabhat
Published: May 2024

The climatic factor has played dominant role on affecting agricultural production in the region. This study focused on analyzing the impact of Climate change in agricultural production in two districts of Nepal. Sunsari district had experienced the highest annual temperature increased (0.0038°C/yr) during 1990 and 2022, whereas the Saptari district had faced sharp decline in rainfall (11.442 mm/yr). Climate change resulted into climate induced disasters such as recurring drought, catastrophic flooding, mass wasting and emergence of pests. The climate data during 1990 and 2022, was used to find climate trend analysis. The inter-annual climatic patterns across time were examined using the trend analysis test and trend line slope. The HH survey concluded with increased in temperature and crop diseases emergence along with increase in the frequency of pests, drought and floods, and decreased in rainfall as perceived by majority of respondents. These parameters were expected to cause negative effect on crop output, human health, animals and vegetation. An increasing tendency in temperature and declining trend in precipitation were the two main climatic trends that were observed in the study area. Climate trends in Barahakshetra of Sunsari district of the KRB showed an increasing rate of precipitation of 7.8021 mm/year. The linear trend analysis of pre-monsoon time showed the precipitation was increasing at the rate of 3.4424 mm/year. The trend of post-monsoon rainfall increased significantly at the rate of 1.7956 mm/year. The Climatic trends as indicated by Barmajhiya Station in the Saptari district of the KRB showed decreasing rate of annual precipitation with 11.442 mm/year. In Saptari district, the annual production of paddy has been observed in decreasing trend of 1092.9 Mt. per year, with the increasing trend of cultivation area with 673.55 ha per year. The decreasing trend of cultivation area was observed with 17.918 ha per year. The HHs survey ascertained that, the majority of respondents perceived the increased temperature and drought with heavy rainfall and flood in the locality. The springs and ponds were at stake resulting into water scarcity with low discharge in rivers.
Post-Coronavirus Disease-2019 Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis: A Case Report
Authors: Shrestha Tina , Parajuli Sanket , Keshari Rajani , Kharbuja Punyaram , Sharma Sadhana , Shrestha Jeevan Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background: Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a rare, opportunistic, angio-invasive, and fatal infection caused by mold fungi of the genera Rhizopus, Mucor, and Rhizomucor. The global incidence of ROCM is 0.005-1.7 per million, with a fatality rate of 46%. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for this disease, as a delay of one week can increase the mortality rate to 66%.
Case: A 32-year-old male, a known case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for the past 15 days from Janakpur, Dhanusha, Nepal presented to the emergency department of Dhulikhel Hospital with a sudden onset of blurred vision in the left eye, left-sided ocular pain, and nasal bleeding for the last three days. 
Observations: The patient was suspected of post-COVID-19 mucormycosis, and a nasal swab for potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount showed hyphae in microscopy. Intravenous and retrobulbar liposomal amphotericin B were administered as medical therapy, along with surgical debridement. A multidisciplinary approach was necessary for the treatment.
Conclusion: A long-term, multimodal treatment approach involving combined antifungal drug therapy (intravenous liposomal amphotericin B and retrobulbar amphotericin B), and timely surgical debridement leads to an improvement in both short-term and long-term outcomes.
Fulminant Orbital Cellulitis – A Rare Presentation of Endogenous Endophthalmitis
Authors: Sharma Unnati , Goel Itisha , Chhabra Simran , Gupta Suresh Kumar , Gupta Gayana
Published: May 2024

Background: Endogenous endophthalmitis refers to the intraocular infection resulting via haematogenous spread from the distant foci. Dengue is an important health problem in India with varied ophthalmic manifestations either due to viremia, immunologic phenomenon, or haemorrhagic tendency. 
Case: We report an unusual presentation of endogenous endophthalmitis as fulminant orbital cellulitis in a young adult patient having a history of dengue fever. 
Observations: Young male having history of dengue fever presented with complaints of sudden pain, swelling, redness, and loss of vision in the left eye. His clinical features and radiographic examination were suggestive of orbital cellulitis with pan-ophthalmitis, which rapidly progressed to endophthalmitis. 
Conclusion: This case highlights the role of orbital vessels as a possible route for occurrence of endophthalmitis in a case of orbital cellulitis.
Assessment of Knowledge of Parents of Children with Cortical Visual Impairment: An Interventional Study
Authors: Lama Ang Jangmu , Adhikari Srijana , Parajuli Rojeeta
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The cornerstone of CVI management is developing methods to help the kid, caregiver  and educator comprehend how the child uses their vision and how modifications may be made to help the child use it more effectively.
Objectives: To evaluate caregivers' and parents' understanding of cortical visual impairment and how it evolves after receiving educational materials in the form of video and handout.
Materials and methods: This prospective interventional study enrolled all children with CVI at a tertiary eye care center from 2020 February to 2021 January. Parents were interviewed about CVI visual behaviour using a Perkins website consulting interview. They were then sensitised with a Nepali video and handout describing CVI characteristics. A follow-up visit or call was scheduled six weeks later to reassess their knowledge.
Results: In the study, 37 parents participated. Before the intervention, 81.1% (n = 30) were unaware of CVI, which decreased significantly to 4.3% (n = 1) after intervention (p <0.001). For the follow-up, 59.4% (n = 22) of parents participated or responded to calls. Initially, 43.2% (n = 16) of parents attributed issues to eye problems, increasing to 90.9% (n = 20) recognising the brain's role after education (p = 0.021). Notice of attraction to bright colors increased from 48.6% (n = 18) to 86.4% (n = 19) post-education. Awareness of children's favourite toys rose from 62.2% (n = 23) to 81.8% (n =19) in the follow-up. Additionally, noticing better vision in one room over another increased from 24.2% (n = 9) to 40.9% (n = 9) post-education. Movement was reported as good in familiar environments by 81.1% (n = 30), with 70.3% (n = 26) facing issues in unfamiliar ones, consistent in the follow-up.
Conclusion: The study found that educating primary caregivers with handouts and videos alone did not effectively improve their understanding of the disease, likely due to factors such as parental literacy and socio-economic status. Consequently, establishing nationwide CVI clinics is urgently needed.
A Case Report on Unilateral Non-axial Proptosis of a Young Female: Lacrimal Gland Tumour
Authors: Bohara Dikshya , Shrestha Gulshan Bahadur , Shrestha Bhupendra Man Singh
Published: May 2024

Background: Lacrimal gland adenoma is a benign tumour of the lacrimal gland mostly involving the orbital part of the gland and composed of epithelial and myoepithelial components. It involves the third and fourth decade of life as a gradual painless enlargement of the lacrimal gland. 
Case: This is a case report of a 30-year-old female presenting with the forward bulging of the right eye causing the eye to be displaced medio-inferiorly over the course of one year. After careful clinical examination and MRI, a clinical diagnosis of lacrimal gland adenoma was established and was planned for right lateral orbitotomy (without marginotomy) via eyelid crease incision and transcutaneous-transseptal approach with complete excision of the tumour under general anaesthesia. 
Observations: This case was presented to the out patient department with mild painful non-axial proptosis of the right eye. After clinical examination, her MRI report showed a well-defined altered signal intensity enhancing lesion on the extraconal compartment of the right orbit in the antero-supero-lateral aspect. After complete surgical removal of the mass, it was sent for histopathological analysis and it confirmed it as a pleomorphic adenoma. The patient has been following up every 6 months for 2 years and is asymptomatic. 
Conclusion: Being the most prevalent lacrimal gland tumour, pleomorphic adenoma affects the unilateral lacrimal gland causing non-axial proptosis. Complete removal of mass has an excellent prognosis with complete resolution of symptoms.
Impact of Work Environment on Job Satisfaction: A Case of School Teachers
Authors: Maharjan Rishma , Bhandari Dadhi Ram
Published: May 2024

Work environment refers to the elements that comprise the setting in which employees work. This research explained two factors of working environment namely working conditions, and job safety and security. As per the various study, if the employees are highly satisfied with their job, it tends to achieve the higher productivity in the organization. So, this study aims to examine factors influencing the job satisfaction of school teachers. Two factor theory is the theoretical foundation for the study. Data were collected utilizing the structured questionnaire which was distributed among 121 school teachers out of which 98 school teachers represents the sample size. The study employed descriptive, relational and casual research designs. Various descriptive and inferential statistical tools like correlation and regression were utilized for data analysis. The findings revealed that working condition, and job safety and security have significant effect on job satisfaction among school teachers and among these two, job safety and security is the most important factor for job satisfaction of the school teachers in Dallu area under study.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF FULFILLING TAX OBLIGATIONS
Authors: Ślifirczyk Maciej
Published: May 2024

The impossibility of fulfilling tax obligations may have many causes, but nowadays the importance of potential impossibility increases significantly due to the historically unprecedented dependence of the tax system on factors of technical and IT nature. The author, for the purposes of tax law, adapts various types of impossibility of performance established in civil law. He also finds it acceptable to use the concept of impossibility both in relation to the obligation to pay a tax and in relation to the so-called instrumental tax obligations. He discusses the ways in which cases where tax obligations could not be fulfilled have been dealt with to date, taking into account both the jurisprudential concepts of the Polish administrative courts based on the principle of impossibilium nulla obligatio est and the legislative solutions introduced in Ukraine in connection with the 2022 invasion by the Russian Federation, in Poland in connection with the war started in 1939 by the German Third Reich, as well as the regulations introduced into the legal systems of various countries in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and the new regulations on the Polish National Electronic Invoice System enacted on 16 June 2023. In addition, the author analyses the possibility of using, in the scope discussed, the provisions of the present Tax Ordinance on reliefs in payment of tax obligations. The study indicates the need to introduce general provisions on the impossibility of fulfilling tax obligations. In the author’s opinion, these should address cases of impossibility differently depending on their nature and whether they relate to obligations to pay tax or to instrumental tax obligations.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF PADA MATA PELAJARAN PAI DAN BUDI PEKERTI
Authors: Polem Muhammad , Ningsih Nur Wahyu , Azizah Nurul , Ruswandi Uus , Tarsono Tarsono
Published: May 2024

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the inquiry learning model in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes in PAI and Budi Pekerti subjects. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design type one group pretest-posttest (single group pretest-final test). The population consisted of all students in class VIII, while the sample was taken from class VIII C using a non-probability sampling technique. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and test techniques in the form of multiple-choice questions. Analysis of Data used the Paired Sample t-test statistical test, SPSS version 26 software. The results showed a Z value of -4.743 with a p-value (Asymp. Sig. 2 tailed) of 0.000 which is smaller than the significance value of 0.05 with the decision H0 was rejected so that there was a notable distinction in the cognitive learning results of students in Islamic Education and Characteristics subjects between before and after the applying the inquiry-based learning model. Thus, the inquiry learning model applied in Islamic Education and Characteristics subjects effectively improves the outcomes of cognitive learning students.
PENGARUH GROWTH MINDSET TERHADAP STRES AKADEMIK MAHASISWA
Authors: Supriyadi Agatha Junita Kartika , Frisca Kirana Maharani Indira  , Yuli Sulistiyono  , Dina Amalia  , Natri Sutanti
Published: May 2024

Students who have a growth mindset tend to be able to face academic challenges and demands. This study aims to determine the effect of a growth mindset on students' academic stress levels. This research method uses a quantitative paradigm with a correlational approach to determine the relationship between a growth mindset and students' academic stress levels. The data collection technique uses two types of scales, namely the growth mindset scale and perceived academic stress (PAS). The subjects in this study were active students of the class of 2020 and 2021 at the Faculty of Education and Psychology, Yogyakarta State University. The results of this study indicate a relationship between a growth mindset and academic stress where the higher the level of a growth mindset of students, the lower the predicted stress level. The regression test results show a coefficient of 0.066, which means that 6.6% of the factors that influence a growth mindset are academic stress, and the rest is influenced by other factors.
Peningkatan keterampilan argumentasi peserta didik melalui metode socratic dialogue submateri perubahan lingkungan kelas X SMAN 5 Pontianak
Authors: Pratiwi Anggi Dwi , Wahyuni Eko Sri , Juniardi Dodi
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan argumentasi peserta didik melalui metode Socratic dialogue pada sub materi perubahan lingkungan kelas X di SMAN 5 Pontianak. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) kolaboratif dilaksanakan sebanyak 2 siklus. Subjek dalam penelitian yakni peserta didik kelas X IPA 4 dengan jumlah 34 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran serta soal tes keterampilan argumentasi. Teknik analisis data digunakan yaitu Teknik deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini pada metode Socratic dialogue memiliki pengaruh dalam meningkatkan keterampilan argumentasi pada sub materi perubahan lingkungan. Hal ini terbukti dengan hasil persentase siklus 1 sebesar 73 % dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II sebesar 89% dari keseluruhan aspek keterampilan argumentasi, Serta level keterampilan argumentasi mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I yang dominan level 3 dan mengalami peningkatan di siklus II yang dominan pada level 4. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode Socratic dialogue dapat meningkatkan keterampilan argumentasi peserta didik pada sub materi perubahan lingkungan kelas X SMAN 5 Pontianak.
A Comprehensive Examination of the Nutritional Sufficiency of Vegan Recipes Widely Available in the Market
Authors: Younes Samer
Published: May 2024

The popularity of plant-based and vegan diets has experienced significant growth in recent years. While adhering to a vegan diet has been linked to various health benefits, it is important to note that certain essential vitamins and minerals, such as vitamins B12 and D, calcium, and iron, may be insufficient in an exclusively plant-based diet. Prolonged inadequate intake of these nutrients can lead to nutritional deficiencies and potentially increase the risk of adverse health outcomes. To further investigate this matter, we conducted a study in which we analyzed a one-week meal plan consisting of vegan recipes from Forks Over Knives (FOK), an organization that advocates for a low-fat, whole-food, vegan diet as a means to prevent or reverse chronic diseases. Through a detailed examination of the meal plan. Based on the evidence derived from this analysis, it is imperative for vegans and their healthcare providers to be cognizant of the potential nutrient deficiencies and associated health consequences that may arise from following this type of diet.
Potato mycocenoses in the fields of the Novozybkovsky district of the Bryansk region with different levels of radioactive contamination and economic use
Authors: Mikhaleva S. N. , Ulianenko L. N. , Budynkov N. I. , Glinushkin A. P.
Published: May 2024

The peculiarities of the formation of mycocenoses in potato plantings growing in fields with different levels of radioactive contamination and economic use were studied. The experiments were carried out in 1991–1998 in the fields of the Novozybkov agricultural experimental station in the Bryansk region (pollution density l37Cs = 1.2 ± 0.2 MBq/m2) and the lands of the Komsomolets Agricultural Complex withdrawn from economic use (l37Cs 1.8 MBq/m2). Differences were noted in the incidence of potato plants with diseases in the field small–scale experiment (1992), depending on the fertilizers applied (background – peat manure compost (PMC) or additionally NPK + Mg), their balance (different doses of nutrients), as well as agricultural cultivation techniques. In the variants with the introduction of NPK + Mg and the use of the herbicide Promethrin SC or sodium humate, a significant decrease in the incidence of tubers with scab by 25–60% was revealed. Weather conditions influenced the development of pathogens. In 1994 rhizoctoniosis developed most actively in potato plantings and common scab on tubers (hydrothermal coefficient (GTС)may–august = 2.35, which is significantly higher than the average long–term norm for 1991–1998–1.35). In the experiment on potatoes of the Temp variety of Belarusian selection (1994), the possibility of restraining the development of pathogens due to pre-planting treatment of tubers with fungicides was shown: when using contact the decrease in the total level of development of phytopathogens and saprophytes was 1.4 times less than in the control, and when using the systemic fungicide Tect 450 CS – 2.3 times. The use of biologically active substances for the pre-planting treatment of potato tubers (Agate-25K, TPS, Crezacin, KRP and Epin-Extra R) led to a decrease in plant infestation with late blight by 2.2–4.5 times, infestation of tubers with scab by 17–32%, rhizoctoniosis by 10– 36% and later than in the control, the development of diseases, which determined the tactics of fungicidal protection of potatoes during the growing season. There was an increase in potato yield by 11–29% and a significant decrease in the accumulation of137Cs in tubers by 7–15%.
Crop capacity and grain-beet crop rotation productivity as a result of 85-year application of fertilizers under conditions of the Central-Black Earth Region
Authors: Minakova O. A. , Alexandrova L. V. , Podvigina T. N. , Vilkov V. M.
Published: May 2024

Fertilizers applied during 85 years in the grain–beet crop rotation provided the most significant (by 12.0– 71.0% to control) an increase in the yield of barley and annual grasses using only the aftereffect of fertilizers, with direct action – sugar beet in the steam link (by 20.9–39.9%). There was a significant increase in the productivity of 1 ha of arable land (by 16.3–35.7% relative to the option without fertilizers). It is proved that an increase in the fertilizer saturation of 1 ha of crop rotation area per 1 kg of NPK increased the yield of sugar beet to the greatest extent, and oats and winter wheat in the clover link to the least. The highest productivity of 1 ha of arable land was provided by a system that included double application in the crop rotation of N135P135K135 for sugar beet in combination with manure of 25 t/ha in a pair (saturation with fertilizers – N30P30K30 + manure 2.8 t/ha).
Iodine in the soils of the basin of the inner runoff of the Kulunda plain
Authors: Konarbaeva G. A. , Smolentsev B. A. , Elizarov N. V. , Popov V. V. , Demin V. V.
Published: May 2024

The distribution of iodine (I) was studied in two soil catenae located in the basins of the Burla and Kulunda rivers in the Altai Territory. Soil sections were laid on the main types of elementary landscapes. The first site is located on a low-lying plain in a bend of the Burla River (near the village of Burla in the Altai Territory). Three sections have been laid, revealing the following soils: Calcic Kastanozems, located in the eluvial landscape, Gleic Solonetz – was formed in the superqual landscape and Chernic Gleysols Salic. The absolute height excess between chestnut soil and meadow was 3 m, the length of the catena was 677 m. The site in the valley of the Kulunda River was located in its middle course not far from the Lower Chumanka point of the Altai Territory. It had a smaller slope, so the change of soils from the top of the hilly area to the floodplain of the Kulunda River was observed at a greater distance (the length of the catena is 1650 m). The sections are laid on Gleyic Chernozems, Gleyic Solonetz Salic and Chernic Gleysols Salic, located in landscapes similar to the first catena. The total iodine content and its water-soluble form were determined in all genetic horizons. The content of total I in soils averaged 26.4 mg/kg (ranging from 0.36 to 100 mg/kg or more), water–soluble – 0.3 mg/kg, respectively (from 0.0 to 0.9 mg/ kg). It was found that the content of total I with an average strength correlates with the content of physical clay and silt, and the absolute maxima of iodine content are confined to the illuvial horizons of salt lakes. A large amount of gross iodine was also found in meadow soils, whereas iodine is found in very small concentrations in soils of eluvial positions. The identified accumulations of I in intrazonal soils can be used to cover the iodine deficiency of zonal soils by involving them in agricultural turnover as natural hayfields and pastures.
Zoocompost – a solution to the organic waste problem and a material for soils polluted with heavy metals remediation
Authors: Pendyurin E. A. , Smolenskaya L. M. , Sapronova J. A. , Bomba I. V.
Published: May 2024

Recycling of organic waste is an acute environmental problem. Recently, the most promising are innovative technologies for bio-processing of organic residues with the help of insects. The method of obtaining organic fertilizer from organic waste using larvae of the Black Lion fly is quite new in the agro-industrial sphere and allows solving the problems of protein production and processing of organic waste. An important task is also to study the possibility of using a zoo compost for the restoration of technogenically disturbed soils. It was found that the zoo compost retains its stability and physico-chemical characteristics for a long time, adding it in an amount of 1.25 wt.% to soil samples reduces the content of the mobile form of cadmium by 41%. Thus, it is possible to recommend the use of zoocompost as a biofertilizer, as well as for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
Analysis of methods of increasing the productivity of grain crops to reduce the interannual variation of their yield
Authors: Konishchev A. A. , Garifullin I. I. , Konishcheva E. N.
Published: May 2024

Scientific observations of the growth and productivity of grain crops have been carried out in the world for more than 100 years. It is established that the productivity of plants primarily depends on the amount of nutrients in the soil, the effectiveness of which depends on the varieties used, the agrotechnics of their cultivation and weather conditions. The ever-increasing need for food has led to the accelerated use of nutrients and the creation of plant varieties that are more demanding to the conditions of development. At the same time, the industrial development of the planet has led to climate changes that reduce many previous achievements of agricultural science and practice by their impact on yields. The effect of nutrition elements on yield from 50–60% on an annual scale is reduced to 20–30% with long-term consideration. The dependence of the yield of modern varieties on weather conditions is 30–80%. It is possible to reduce its dependence on weather conditions by increasing soil fertility, while understanding under fertility not so much the saturation of the soil with nutrients, as a set of measures, including agrophysical ones, aimed at a controlled effect on the soil in order to create an optimal water-air regime, since one of the main directions of the influence of weather on plant productivity there is a change in the moisture supply of plants. Separately, each of the traditional factors of increasing yields to reduce dependence on weather conditions is ineffective.
Anomalous features of the geomagnetic field behavior at the end of the Cretaceous normal superchron based on the results of the study of the Turonian–Santonian in the Southwestern Crimea
Authors: Guzhikov A.  Yu. , Baraboshkin E. Yu. , Ryabov I.  P.  , Ustinova M.  A.  , Vishnevskaya V.  S. 
Published: May 2024

In 394 samples characterizing 266 stratigraphic levels in four Turonian–Santonian sections in the Southwestern Crimea, characteristic remanent magnetization components (ChRM) formed at the stage of diagenesis is identified. The data obtained represent the record of the Paleocene geomagnetic variations of high amplitude (rms deviation S = 25.9° with a fixed cut-off angle of 45°, which is about twice as high as the model S for this latitude) in the sediments formed in ~5–6 Ma and are interpreted as anomalous behavior of the geomagnetic field in the Turonian, Coniacian, and Santonian.
Stress state of the Mars’ and Venus’ interior
Authors: Gudkova T.  V.  , Batov A.  V. 
Published: May 2024

It is shown that most of the epicenters of marsquakes are located in the zones of extension and fairly large shear stresses associated with the deviation of Mars from hydrostatic equilibrium. Non-hydrostatic stresses in the interior of Venus are calculated for two types of models: an elastic model and a model with a lithosphere of varying thickness (150–500 km) overlying a weakened layer that has partially lost its elastic properties. Numerical modeling of the system of elastic equilibrium equations for a gravitating planet is carried out with a step of 1°×1° in latitude and longitude up to a depth of 480 km – the first phase transition zone in the mantle. The topography and the gravitational field of the planet are the boundary conditions of the problem. Overall, the level of nonhydrostatic stress on Venus is not very high. On the surface and in the crust, the highest shear stresses are observed in the region of the Maxwell Monte on Ishtar Terra. Beneath the Maxwell Monte, shear stresses in the crust reach 80 MPa and compressive stresses, 125–150 MPa, depending on the model. Tensile stresses around this region are about 20 MPa. The highest tensile stresses occur in the regions beneath structures such as Lavinia Planitia, Sedna Planitia, and Aino Planitia.
Estimating the contribution of thermal processes to generation of seismicity in the junction zone of the Chuya Depression and the Kyrgyz Ridge of the Northern Tien Shan
Authors: Spichak V.  V.  , Goidina A.  G. 
Published: May 2024

This paper presents the attempt to estimate the contribution of thermal processes in the Earth’s crust to the generation of seismicity by the example of the seismically active region of the Chuya depression and the Kyrgyz ridge of the Northern Tien Shan. For this purpose, we use the models of temperature, petrophysical characteristics, and elastic moduli constructed in the previous works. The silica content model based on seismic tomography data is used to build a lithotype model. The constructed thermal conductivity model is utilized, along with the temperature model, to create a depth model of heat flow density. Based on the density, elastic moduli, and temperature models, the shear and thermoelastic stress models in the rocks are constructed. Their comparison with the distribution of earthquake hypocenters suggests that on the scale of the seismically active zone of the Chuya depression and the Kyrgyz ridge of the Northern Tien Shan, seismicity is mainly determined by the thermomechanical effect resulting from the hot ascending flow of acid magma from the upper mantle beneath the Muyunkum–Narat median mass.
Modeling of filtration and scattered fracture in fractured zones with abnormally high formation pressure
Authors: Izvekov O.  Ya.  , Konyukhov A.  V. , Izvekova Yu.  N. 
Published: May 2024

A model of a double-porosity medium with a damageable matrix under the action of anomalously high formation pressure is discussed. It is assumed that damage in the matrix enhances mass transfer between the subsystems of the medium. The problem of the coupled process of fracture and fluid flow in a fractured porous medium in one-dimensional (1D) statement is solved numerically. The limited spatial extent of the zone of conductive fractures is taken into account.
Deep Structure of the Baikal Rift Zone and Central Mongolia
Authors: Vinnik L. P. , Delitsyn L. L. , Makeeva L. I. , Oreshin S. I.
Published: May 2024

The upper mantle and the transition zone of the Baikal rift zone (BRZ) are studied. The observations are analyzed using P-wave receiver functions. It is found that in the BRZ central and northeastern part, the P410s converted seismic phase is preceded by a precursory wave with negative polarity which is formed in the low S-wave velocity layer at a depth of 350–410 km. A similar precursory wave with low S-wave velocity and negative polarity is formed at a depth of 600–660 km. The low-velocity layers are interpreted as resulting from the hydration of wadsleyite and ringwoodite during the subduction of the Pacific lithosphere. A similar study of the mantle in Central Mongolia found no expected signs of hydration. Modeling of the lithosphere–asthenosphere system in Central Mongolia by joint inversion of the body wave receiver functions and surface wave dispersion curves reveals a very thin lithospheric lid beneath Khangai and a thick layered asthenosphere to a depth of 200 km with a lithospheric inclusion between low-velocity layers.
Analysis of Spatial Clustering of Seismic Events by the DPS Topological Filtering Algorithm: Lake Baikal Region
Authors: Nekrasova A. K. , Agayan A. S. , Kossobokov V. G.
Published: May 2024

The paper presents the results of applying the Discrete Perfect Set (DPS) topological filtering algorithm to analyze the spatial clustering of seismic epicenters in the Lake Baikal region. The study utilizes earthquake data recorded by the seismic network of the Baikal Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences within the latitude range 48°N, 58°N and longitude range of 99°E, 122°E for the period from 1964 to 2018. Clustering characteristics are obtained for (i) the recording period from 1989 to 2018 with varying parameters of the DPS algorithm and four levels of the minimum energy class KР of seismic events and (ii) six non-overlapping time intervals from 1964 to 2018 and seismic events of energy class KР ≥ 8.6 with fixed parameters of the DPS algorithm.
The dynamics of the clustering parameters from 1964 to 2018 may characterise the variability of the seismic regime of the region. Specifically, the decrease in the linear size of the areas of identified epicenter groups from about a thousand km to tens km may indicate a significant change in the seismic regime of the Lake Baikal region at the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s compared to the period between 1964 and 1997.
Air Current Circulation as a Possible Cause of Preseismic Anomalies in the Surface Electric Field
Authors: Surkov V. V.
Published: May 2024

Ground-based measurements of the vertical atmospheric electric field of the Earth sometimes show bay-like anomalies that precede certain earthquakes. In some cases, these anomalies have even been accompanied by a change in the sign of the field under fair weather conditions. Possible causes of this phenomenon are typically attributed to anomalous changes in electrical conductivity in the surface air and increased radon emission from the soil. This paper proposes another mechanism of atmospheric electrical anomalies that involves the entrainment of charged aerosols and light and heavy ions by air flows. Such flows can be produced by small temperature anomalies observed before some seismic events. Theoretical analysis shows that anomalously strong electrical variations may occur even in the presence weak air flows provided that they persist for a long time and there is a specific structure of the velocity field with vertical air circulation and particle exchange between different atmospheric layers. For this type of flows, an analytical solution is derived and spatial distributions of atmospheric electric perturbations are obtained. The results of calculations and estimates confirm that the proposed mechanism can explain the observational data.
Stability of Northern Eurasia Based on Satellite Geodesy Data
Authors: Melnik G. E. , Steblov G. M.
Published: May 2024

The geodynamics of Northern Eurasia has been analyzed based on repeated satellite positioning with GNSS stations throughout the Russian Federation territory from 2015 to the present. The study utilized two sources of data: observations from the stations of the Russian Fundamental Astro-Geodetic Network (FAGN) and stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS) with permanent satellite tracking. This data set allowed to estimate correctness of the block kinematics of the Eurasian plate in three tectonic plate motion models: NUVEL-1A, NNR-MORVEL-56, and ITRF2014. The analysis of the misfits between the observed and model velocities has shown that these misfits have a systematic component in the vicinity of the East European Platform which differs for each of three models. In addition to analyzing the block kinematics of the Eurasian plate, we also evaluated its internal stability. To do this, we calculated the areal deformations of Northern Eurasia using the finite element method. For this purpose, we added the observations processing results from the global data set of the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory to the processing results from two original data sets. Besides interplate boundary deformations which are consistent with existing ideas of the geodynamics of Northern Eurasia, the strain field analysis also revealed intraplate deformations distributed consistently with the configuration of the Northern Eurasia cratons.
Analysis of Genome Variability of Escherichia coli when Exposed to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Gallyamova M. Yu. , Vagin K. N. , Vasilevsky N. M. , Hammadov N. I.
Published: May 2024

The study of changes in the genetic apparatus of biological systems due to the influence of physical factors contributes to understanding the mechanisms of adaptation. The article is devoted to the analysis of the genome of the modified Escherichia coli PL-6 variant obtained as a result of repeated and gradually increasing exposure to 60Co ɤ-rays at the Researcher facility. The integrity of the genetic material of the studied bacterial cells was checked by electrophoresis in 1.7% agarose gel. For the analysis of genome modifications, primers were designed to amplify several loci characterized by homology in a variety of E. coli strains. Based on the indicators of the number and size of amplified products using each of the presented primer combinations in E. coli before and after gamma irradiation, a significant change in the genome was established.
Genetic Differentiation and Clonality in a Local Population of the Caucasian Endemic Trifolium polyphyllum C.A. Mey. (Fabaceae)
Authors: Zelenova O. B. , Galkina M. A. , Onipchenko V. G. , Schanzer I. A.
Published: May 2024

Trifolium polyphyllum is a Caucasian endemic of the Fabaceae family peculiar for its inability of nitrogen fixation. Despite this unique trait, the species is insufficiently studied, in particular, little is known about its propagation and dispersal modes. Analyses of ISSR markers in a sample from a population at Malaya Khatipara Mountain revealed that the species is capable to both sexual and vegetative propagation; however, the former mode dominates. We found out that separate patches within a local population are considerably genetically differentiated within an area of about 2000 square meters (PhiPT = 0.349; p = 0.001). We suppose this may happen due to lack of adaptations to seed dispersal. We also suppose that the observed concentration of genetically admixed individuals in upper parts of slopes is due to peculiarities of pollinators’ behavior. The size of vegetative clones does not exceed 1 square meter.
Genetic Structure of Domesticated Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) Populations in the Central Siberian Plateau and Adjacent Areas
Authors: Kashtanov S. N. , Zakharov E. S. , Semina M. T. , Vinokurov N. V. , Vinokurov A. V. , Onokhov A. A. , Filimonov P. A. , Nikolaeva E. A. , Yuzhakov A. A. , Sergeeva O. K. , Somova M. M. , Layshev K. A. , Stolpovsky Yu. A.
Published: May 2024

On the basis of 16 microsatellite markers, the genetic structure of the domesticated reindeer of two breeds, Evenk and Even, bred on the territory of the Central Siberian Plateau and adjacent territories, was studied. Genetic flows between modern domesticated reindeer populations of two breeds were analyzed. Significant differences were found between the Evenk taiga and Even breeds of domestic deer. Using a historical sample from the middle of the last century, a high degree of stability in time of the gene pool of domesticated populations was revealed. It has been established that genetic flows between wild and domesticated forms in the study area are insignificant. Statistically significant genetic differences between wild and domesticated reindeer populations are shown.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the Risk Association for the Development of Paranoid Schizophrenia in Russians: Search for Genetic Markers in the 1q43 Chromosomal Region
Authors: Gareeva A. E.
Published: May 2024

Schizophrenia is a highly hereditary disorder. Genetic risk is associated with a large number of alleles, including common alleles with little effect that can be found in genome-wide association studies. The aim of this study was to study genetic risk factors for the development of schizophrenia in a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) in Russians from the Republic of Bashkortostan. The studied sample consisted of 320 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 402 healthy individuals. GWAS genotyping of DNA samples was carried out on the PsychChip biochip, which included 610,000 single nucleotide polymorphic variants (SNPs).
Diversity of transcripts of toll-like receptors in hemocytes of Planorbarius corneus mollusсs (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) uninfected and infected with Bilharziella polonica trematodes
Authors: Bobrovskaya А. V. , Orlov I. A. , Prokhorova E. E.
Published: May 2024

Transcriptome of hemocytes from uninfected Planorbarius corneus snails and snails naturally infected with Bilharziella polonica (Schistosomatidae) was obtained and analyzed. Transcripts encoding all groups of immune factors previously described for other gastropods were found. Pathogen recognition molecules are the most diverse group of transcripts encoding immunity factors. Toll-like receptors of 11 types were identified. No differences in the set of toll-like receptors between infected and uninfected mollusсs were found. The data obtained expand our knowledge on immune reactions of snails to trematode invasion and make it possible to consider Planorbarius corneus as a new model for studying molluscs immune reactions.
Calculation of the magnetic field strength inside and outside of an infinite cylinder placed in an arbitrary external field
Authors: Dyakin V. V. , Kudryaschova O. V. , Raevskii V. Y.
Published: May 2024

In the model of the infinite cylinder the formulas and the corresponding algorithm for finding the magnetic field strength inside and outside the homogeneous cylinder placed in the external magnetic field of arbitrary configuration are deduced. Testing the results of calculations on these formulas for their correspondence with known physical laws, as well as on their coincidence with well-known analytical answers in the limiting private cases of the forms of magnetics were carried out. A computer program in Fortran language has been compiled and debugged to implement calculations using the proposed algorithm.
New Materials Based on Collagen and Taxifolin Derivatives: Production and Properties
Authors: Shatalin Yu. V. , Kobyakova M. I. , Shubina V. S.
Published: May 2024

In this work, the properties of gel materials based on collagen and derivatives of taxifolin, pentaglutarate of taxifolin, and conjugate of taxifolin with glyoxylic acid were studied. It was shown that the increase in the proportion of the polyphenols in a gel led to the decrease in the rate of degradation of the materials. The materials had no negative impact on the viability of NIH/3T3 cells. The cells attached to the surface of the materials. Moreover, it was shown that they spread to the surface of the material containing pentaglutarate of taxifolin. It was also found that fibroblast migrated throughout the materials. An increase in the proportion of conjugate of taxifolin with glyoxylic acid in a material led to a decrease in cell migration throughout the material, whereas an increase in the proportion of pentaglutarate of taxifolin in a material led to a significant increase in cell migration throughout the material. The obtained data suggest that new materials for regenerative medicine can be derived from collagen and taxifolin derivatives.
Changes in the visual areas of the cerebral cortex in children with left-sided anisometropic amblyopia according to structural MRI and resting-state fMRI
Authors: Gorev V. V. , Gorbunov A. V. , Panikratova Ya. R. , Tomyshev A. S. , Hatsenko I. E. , Kuleshov N. N. , Salmasi J. M. , Hasanova K. A. , Balashova L. M. , Lobanova E. I. , Lebedeva I. S.
Published: May 2024

Thanks to the development of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, in recent decades there has been a lot of research aimed at elucidating brain abnormalities caused by amblyopia. In the cases of this prevalent visual disorder, the anomalies causing decreased visual acuity and other visual disabilities cannot be determined by standard ophthalmologic examination. Since there are several types of this disorder that are fundamentally different in etiology, it is natural to suggest the presence of different types of corresponding brain abnormalities. In this regard, before obtaining a general picture of the pathogenesis of amblyopia, studies conducted on groups of specially selected similar patients are very important. This paper presents the results of a study of school-age children with left-sided anisometropic amblyopia. In the patients investigated, MRI data revealed interhemispheric differences in the thickness of the lateral occipital cortex, and resting-state fMRI revealed interhemispheric differences in the local coherence of the hemodynamic signal within 17 Brodmann area and in the functional connectivity between 17 and 18+19 Brodmann areas. The data obtained contribute to the creation of a general MRI database on the pathophysiology of amblyopia, help clarify some controversial issues and indicate the advisability of using resting-state fMRI in ophthalmology.
Discrimination of rippled spectra with various ripple widths in listeners with normal and impaired hearing
Authors: Nechaev D. I. , Milekhina O. N. , Tomozova M. S. , Supin A. Y.
Published: May 2024

In listeners aged 26 to 82 years with various degrees of hearing loss (from normal to moderate), the frequency resolving power (FRP) was assessed as the resolved ripple density resolution in rippled-spectrum signals at various ripple widths. In normal-hearing listeners, FRP increased with narrowing the ripple width. In impaired-hearing listeners, the effect of narrowing the ripple width was minor. The difference between the normal- and impaired-hearing listeners could not be explained by the excitation pattern model of the rippled spectrum resolution. The temporal analysis model did explain this difference on an assumption that in normal hearing listeners, enhancing the autocorrelation of the input signal resulted in prolongation of the delay at which the autocorrelation could be detected by the auditory system, whereas in impaired-hearing listeners this effect was reduced or absent.
Molecular marking in a white cabbage selection for resistance to Alternaria Blight
Authors: Dubina E. V. , Makukha Yu. A. , Garkusha S. V. , Simonenko D. S. , Gorun O. L. , Lesnyak S. A.
Published: May 2024

In the presented study, the polymorphism of SSR loci was studied on the basis of the resistance of white cabbage to alternariosis. This work was carried out in order to identify effective and informative ISSR markers for the identification of donor alleles of resistance to alternariosis in the genotypes of hybrid plants of culture. Of the 20 tested markers, only 3 (PBCESSRJU13, PBCESSRJU6, NI-F02a) demonstrate an allelic difference between the isogenic lines of white cabbage contrasting in resistance to Alternaria Blight. They will become the basis for subsequent studies on the analysis of cleavage in segregating populations and the determination of informative DNA marker systems co-inherited with the sign of resistance of cabbage to alternariosis.