bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Get on or Get Out”: Failure and Negative Femininity in Jean Rhys’s Voyage in the Dark
Authors: Cunningham Anne
Published: June 2013

This essay locates failure as a productive form of critique, linked to a feminist and anticolonialist project. Focusing on Jean Rhys’s Voyage in the Dark and After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie , I argue that Rhys’s protagonists’ failure to successfully enact prescribed gender roles is a feminist response, one articulated through a negative feminism rather than a conventional liberal feminism. Using Jack Halberstam’s notion of shadow feminism and Sianne Ngai’s noncathartic emotions, I show how Rhys exposes the need for an alternate model of white female respectability through her narratives of failure.
“At Least I get my dinners free”: Transgressive Dining in Marghanita Laski’s To Bed with Grand Music
Authors: Adolph Andrea
Published: June 2013

In her 1946 novel, To Bed with Grand Music , Marghanita Laski utilizes popular understandings of food consumption in order to illuminate topics of female sexuality and sexual agency. Laski addresses the issues of wartime sexuality and infidelity with an ambivalence that parallels British anxieties about the changing roles of wartime women, and her project is successful because it runs counter to the wartime expectations for women that were much publicized in mass media and by government ministries that shaped both feminine standards of behavior and the limits of public tolerance for women who would flaunt those standards.
Women’s Fiction, New Modernist Studies, and Feminism
Authors: Fernald Anne E.
Published: June 2013

Rejecting recent demotions of gender, this introduction argues for the centrality of women’s writing and feminist theory to modernist studies. This special issue presents work by little-known women writers in the context of major theoretical conversations within modernist studies and feminist theory today, especially affect theory, globalism, and the archive. While affect theory grounds itself in issues of gender and sexuality, globalism and the archive have often stood in danger of neglecting women. This introduction lauds the power of affect theory while showing the deep feminist potential in globalism and the archive.
“Her symbol was civil war”: Recovering Muriel Rukeyser’s Lost Spanish Civil War Novel
Authors: Kennedy-Epstein Rowena
Published: June 2013

In 1936, the American poet Muriel Rukeyser traveled to Spain to report on the People’s Olympiad, an alternative to Hitler’s Berlin games. Instead, she witnessed the outbreak of civil war. Rukeyser’s writings on her experience span more than forty years, including a lost, unpublished novel, Savage Coast . Recently recovered from her archive, the novel is significant because it hybridizes the forms of aesthetic and political modernism and provides a more complex understanding of how women modernists write about politics and history through modes that both interrogate and transform the boundaries of genre.
Making it New: Persephone Books and the Modernist Project
Authors: Seshagiri Urmila
Published: June 2013

This article articulates the significance of Persephone Books, an independent feminist publisher in London that recuperates lost modern writing. Persephone’s 100 titles restore long-obscured continuities and connections in modern literature and arts; the unexpected success of this publishing venture illustrates modernism’s continuing appeal to readers. The recuperative work of Persephone Books enables us to recast the modernist literary field so that we (1) understand canonical authors anew, (2) restore neglected authors to their places in modernist literary genealogy, and (3) further our understanding of modernist cultural production in the fields of literature, visual arts, textile and fashion design, and war propaganda.
Modernism, Monsters, and Margaret Sanger
Authors: Wilson Aimee Armande
Published: June 2013

This essay examines the fiction and nonfiction in the Birth Control Review ( BCR ), a magazine Margaret Sanger edited between 1917 and 1929, to reveal a critique of aesthetic autonomy at the intersection of modernism and feminist politics. In contrast to the aesthetic autonomy espoused by Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot, the narratives in BCR depict autonomy as a ghastly punishment rather than a goal to be achieved. Such a reading offers a framework for understanding why the dominant rhetoric of the American birth control movement shifted—within only a decade—from feminist revolution to patriarchal eugenics.
Olive Moore’s Headless Woman
Authors: Garrity Jane
Published: June 2013

Jane Garrity’s essay argues that Olive Moore’s neglected masterpiece, Spleen , uses the idea of reproduction—both formally and thematically—as a metaphor and foundation for a completely new model of creative practice. Drawing from recent feminist theory on experimental literary form and from conceptual frameworks within disability studies, Garrity situates Spleen ’s preoccupation with pregnancy within the larger context of modernist cultural representations of disability, nonnormative sexuality, and racial science. The essay tracks the various ways that the novel is in effect an anatomy of the entrenched obstacles to women’s creative agency in early-twentieth-century England.
Adultery Behind Purdah and the Politics of Indian Muslim Nationalism in Zeenuth Futehally’s Zohra
Authors: Hai Ambreen
Published: June 2013

Drawing on postcolonial, feminist, historicist, and formalist methodologies, this article reexamines an almost unknown novel Zohra (1951), among the first to be written and published in English by an Indian Muslim woman writer (Zeenuth Futehally). This article argues that Zohra works on two fronts, combining the private/personal and public/political: it critiques the systems of purdah and arranged marriage that shackle women in a secular nation desirous of modernity and insists on the rightful claims of Indian Muslims to belonging and citizenship in modern India (after Partition) on the basis of their anticolonial, anticommunalist struggles for social reform and national independence.
Dorothy Arzner’s Talkies: Gender, Technologies of Voice, and the Modernist Sensorium
Authors: Bryant Sara
Published: June 2013

ln Close Up , Dorothy Richardson and H. D. pose sound film as male because they constrain women’s aesthetic engagement as film spectators, a position that anticipates later feminist film criticism on embodied voice in classical cinema. This essay uncovers how Dorothy Arzner, the only woman director of Hollywood sound film from 1928 to 1943, embeds responses to these critiques through what she calls “unusual moments” in her films. In such moments, Arzner explores the possibility of an embodied modernist voice that is at once reflexive about technologies of mass culture and attentive to women’s social and aesthetic concerns.
The Comic Core of Both A- and B-Editions of Doctor Faustus
Authors: Stevenson Ruth
Published: June 2013

The comic scenes in the two principal editions of Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus disrupt the tragic progression within the play's overarching linguistic drama. Lower-level, semiotic, comic outbursts of verbal assertion in both quartos batter against upper-level, symbolic, classical-Christian language, and, by the end of act IV (B-text), transform and merge. The semiotic energies of the comic eruptions persist in act V (both editions), within which they become vehicles of religious retribution, but where they also redefine emotional attachment, stimulate serial metamorphosis, and, in Faustus's final utterance (and implicit in the final chorus), join semiotic to symbolic expression.
A Reassessment of John Bale's Rhetoric: Drama, Bibliography, and Biography
Authors: Happé Peter
Published: June 2013

This account of John Bale's rhetoric seeks to broaden appreciation of his skills as a writer by considering four works aimed at different audiences. The argument rests in part upon his versatility as a writer and his capacity to vary his style even within single works. In his long writing life, he had to develop new styles and circumstances, and his changing objectives required him to use new verbal and nonverbal methods. Besides his dramatic work that gave opportunity for flexibility in language, his ideological and polemical intentions led him to adapt models inherited from predecessors in a variety of modes.
Navigating the Dangers of Female Puberty in Renaissance Drama
Authors: Potter Ursula
Published: June 2013

For early modern parents, the age of fourteen marked a critical stage in sexual development for their daughters, heralding a time of physiological and behavioral changes, which could threaten domestic harmony and culminate in a daughter's death by suicide or sickness. How parents handled this stage is the theme of four plays discussed here (plays by John Marston, John Fletcher, Ben Jonson, and Shakespeare). Each reflects prevailing medical indices of girls reaching "ripeness" but questions the male responses this triggers. While the brunt of criticism is directed at the medical profession, one play, The Two Noble Kinsmen , questions the broader role of religion in generating disorders in adolescent girls.
Popular Performance, the Broadside Ballad, and Ophelia's Madness
Authors: Bialo Caralyn
Published: June 2013

Triangulating genre, gender, and performance, this paper expands Hamlet criticism by examining Ophelia's mad ballads through the lens of popular culture. While ballads perpetuated the vigorous performance practices that Hamlet disparages as vulgar, this paper argues that Shakespeare exploits precisely these "low" aspects of the ballad to produce the tragedy of Ophelia's madness. Shakespeare uses ballads to establish a privileged relationship between Ophelia and the audience and to stage a gender-based critique of Elsinore. In conversation with Hamlet's elitism, Ophelia's ballads demonstrate that Shakespeare simultaneously delegitimizes popular performance and embraces its theatrical possibilities.
Demonic Ventriloquism and Venetian Skepticism in Othello
Authors: Morris Blair
Published: June 2013

Shakespeare's Othello enacts a sophisticated dramatization of ventriloquism, the etymological origin of which means "to speak from the abdomen." The play does this at a time before ventriloquism became primarily disenchanted in the popular imagination, several centuries before it became, as it is now, overwhelmingly associated with puppetry. In Othello 's time, ventriloquism was still closely associated with the widespread belief in the vexed cultural phenomenon of demonic possession. This article addresses Othello 's representation of the contested supernatural status of demonic ventriloquism as set against the skeptical backdrop of civic humanism in Venice.
Torture and Summary Justice in The Spanish Tragedy
Authors: Turner Timothy A.
Published: June 2013

Scholars have often described Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy as an indictment of Spanish cruelty. This article instead reads the play in relation to the English government's increased application of torture in the 1580s. Unknown to the common law tradition and controversial even in the period, torture appeared as the conceptual twin of another practice, the execution of summary justice in civilian contexts—an activity scrutinized in the play's Portuguese subplot. By having Hieronimo bite out his own tongue to escape torture, Kyd adapts his Senecan source material to portray defiant and public skepticism of these extralegal practices.
Single and Surrogate Parenting in All's Well That Ends Well
Authors: Shin Hiewon
Published: June 2013

The essay addresses the critical topic of surrogate parenting in Renaissance England. Despite much criticism on various "reconstituted" families in Shakespeare and Renaissance literature, I argue that literary critics have neglected the significant topic of adoption/surrogate parenting that is so central in the play All's Well That Ends Well . Three models of single surrogate parenthood—the Countess of Roussillon as adoptive mother, the guardian King, and the advisor Lafeu—provide a unique perspective diverging from normative cultural conception of surrogacy. Surrogacy seems to have greater force than biology at times in the play. The essay explores why Shakespeare offers such a positive view of surrogacy over biology, given the often-expressed fear of nonbiological parenting, and raises the question of heredity as the basis for social organization
Recent Studies in Tudor and Stuart Drama
Authors: Sullivan Garrett A.
Published: June 2013

An assessment of recent scholarly work treating the literature of Tudor and Stuart Drama and some general observations on the state of the profession. A full bibliography and price list of the works received by SEL for consideration follow.
The Female Body as Soul in Queen Anna's Masques
Authors: Johnson Sarah E.
Published: June 2013

In masques in which Queen Anna and her ladies performed, such as Samuel Daniel's "Tethys Festival" and "The Vision of the Twelve Goddesses," the dancing female body comes to represent the soul visually and thematically. This bodily representation of the soul constitutes a political statement about women's exclusion from affairs of government. It transgresses assumptions about gender roles without hinging on an aggressive display of sexuality, a topic that past feminist masque criticism has foregrounded. To support this argument, I draw on seventeenth-century concepts of the soul-body divide and early modern theories of dance.
Mastery, Masculinity, and Sexual Cozening in Ben Jonson's Epicoene
Authors: Friedlander Ari
Published: June 2013

This essay interprets the depictions of elite London society in Ben Jonson's Epicoene through the lens of popular tales of urban con artists and seductresses. I argue that Sir Dauphine Eugenie and Mistress Epicoene's efforts to fleece Dauphine's rich uncle have surprising affinities with a sexual extortion scheme called "cross-biting," found in popular urban crime fiction. Cross-biting injects their partnership with the sexual energy and economic competitiveness characteristic of the partnerships between pimps and prostitutes, turning the play into a contest between emergent models of urban masculinity and femininity—one that can be resolved only by revealing that Epicoene is in fact a loyal, cross-dressed male servant. The sex/gender codes of the debased criminal underclass thus are transformed, allowing them to participate in the contemporary cultural construction of new forms of elite masculinity and social capital.
The Calles Government and Catholic Dissidents: Mexico's Transnational Projects of Repression, 1926-1929
Authors: Young Julia G.
Published: June 2013

During the late 1920s, the Mexican government under President Plutarco Elías Calles (1924-1928) confronted multiple challenges to state consolidation. These included plots by political rivals, foreign relations crises, and several popular revolts. The longest-lasting and most destabilizing of these was the Cristero War, which persisted from 1926 until 1929, with sporadic uprisings into the early 1930s. Despite these challenges, Calles and his handpicked successors not only remained in power at the beginning of the 1930s, but also launched the single-party political system that would endure in Mexico until the end of the twentieth century.
Educating a City's Children: British Immigrants and Primary Education in Buenos Aires (1820-1880)
Authors: Silveira Alina
Published: June 2013

Argentina, and Buenos Aires in particular, was a preferred South American destination for great numbers of European immigrants who crossed the Atlantic beginning in the late nineteenth century in search of new opportunities. Most Latin American governments, from the early days of their nations' independence, sought to attract European workers. These newly founded countries considered immigration an essential element for creating a society that would become economically, politically, and socially modern. They hoped to attract mainly foreigners from Northern Europe, among them the British, whom they considered to have superior labor skills and to be accustomed to the habits of order and work the new nation required.
Militão and The Guerreiros: Local Feuds, Long Memories, and Brazil's Struggle to Control the São Francisco River
Authors: Kiddy Elizabeth W.
Published: June 2013

Between 1842 and 1848, a violent conflict erupted on the banks of the São Francisco River in nordieastern Brazil. Militão Plácido de França Antunes and his faction declared war on the family of Captain Bernardo José Guerreiro. Both families were based in the river town of Pilão Arcado, but the fighting spread to the nearby town of Sento-Sé, and by 1848 violence had engulfed the entire region from Barra to Juazeiro (see Figures 1 and 2). Bands of armed men loyal to Militão roamed the streets and attacked the households of people they considered to be on the side of the Guerreiros. Many people were killed, and others fled the region altogether. The violence ended only after Militão's faction killed Guerreiro's last adult son on August 1, 1848. Although a family feud in the backlands was not unusual, this fight resonated with coastal lawmakers who, in Brazil's Second Empire, had been looking toward conquering the west and consolidating their own vast territory. The reports of wrenching violence in the backlands, unchecked by the rule of law, represented the deepest fears of the coastal elite and made the need to conquer the Brazilian interior even more urgent.
Life, Luck, and How I Became a Historian
Authors: Socolow Susan M.
Published: June 2013

Before I begin, I want to thank the Conference on Latin American History [CLAH] and the Distinguished Service Award Committee for giving me this signal honor. This organization has always been important to me, and it's really nice to know tiiat it thinks I've been important to it.

The last talk I gave to CLAH was in Atlanta five years ago. I told the story of one man, Santiago de Liniers, and his good and bad fortune. Just as for Liniers, luck has played a huge role in my life.
Role of Aspect Ratio and Joule Heating within the Fluid Region Near a Cylindrical Electrode in Electrokinetic Remediation: A Numerical Solution based on the Boundary Layer Model
Authors: Oyanader Mario A. , Arce Pedro E.
Published: June 2013

This contribution focuses on the analysis of the hydrodynamics taking place near an electrode of cylindrical geometry in electrokinetic applications. Both the temperature development conditions and Joule heating effect are included. A boundary layer approach has been used to model the hydrodynamic in the system. This is based on the heat transfer model, the continuity equation, and the Navier–Stokes equation. The resulting set of two partial differential equations mutually coupled is solved applying the Von Karman integral approximation. A numerical solution of the differential–integral model is used to illustrate the behavior of the systems under a variety of conditions.
Assessment Practices of Multi-disciplinary School Team Members in Determining Special Education Services for English Language Learners
Authors: Sadowski Garrett , O’Neill Rob , Bermingham Doug
Published: June 2013

Multidisciplinary team members were surveyed to identify the frequency with which they use recommended assessment practices, how they interpret assessment information, and their confidence working with English Language Learners (ELLs) for the purpose of determining possible eligibility to receive special education services. Results of this study support the idea that recommendations from the literature are being increasingly put into practice by professionals working directly with students. Findings also indicate that professionals benefit from higher education and in-service trainings that focus specifically on issues relating to the assessment of ELLs for the determination of possible provision of special education services. Furthermore, results support the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration.
Scapular Kinematics and Muscle Activities during Pushing Tasks
Authors: Huang Chun‐Kai , Siu Ka‐Chun , Lien Hen‐Yu , Lee Yun‐Ju , Lin Yang‐Hua
Published: June 2013

Scapular Kinematics and Muscle Activities during Pushing Tasks: Chun‐Kai HUANG, et al. Division of Physical Therapy Education, School of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA—

Objectives

Pushing tasks are functional activities of daily living. However, shoulder complaints exist among workers exposed to regular pushing conditions. It is crucial to investigate the control of shoulder girdles during pushing tasks. The objective of the study was to demonstrate scapular muscle activities and motions on the dominant side during pushing tasks and the relationship between scapular kinematics and muscle activities in different pushing conditions.

Methods

Thirty healthy adults were recruited to push a four‐wheel cart in six pushing conditions. The electromyographic signals of the upper trapezius (UT) and serratus anterior (SA) muscles were recorded. A video‐based system was used for measuring the movement of the shoulder girdle and scapular kinematics. Differences in scapular kinematics and muscle activities due to the effects of handle heights and weights of the cart were analyzed using two‐wayANOVAwith repeated measures. The relationships between scapular kinematics and muscle activities were examined by Pearson's correlation coefficients.

Results

The changes in upper trapezius and serratus anterior muscle activities increased significantly with increased pushing weights in the one‐step pushing phase. The UT/SA ratio on the dominant side decreases significantly with increased handle heights in the one‐step pushing phase. The changes in upward rotation, lateral slide and elevation of the scapula decreased with increased pushing loads in the trunk‐forward pushing phase.

Conclusions

This study indicated that increased pushing loads result in decreased motions of upward rotation, lateral slide and elevation of the scapula; decreased handle heights result in relatively increased activities of the serratus anterior muscles during pushing tasks.
Change in Lung Function over Time in Male Metropolitan Firefighters and General Population Controls: A 3‐year Follow‐up Study
Authors: Schermer Tjard R. , Malbon Winifred , Adams Robert , Morgan Michael , Smith Michael , Crockett Alan J.
Published: June 2013

Change in Lung Function over Time in Male Metropolitan Firefighters and General Population Controls: A 3‐year Follow‐up Study: Tjard R. SCHERMER, et al. Discipline of General Practice, School of Population Health, The University of Adelaide, Australia

Objective

Previous studies in firefighters have been contradictory regarding their course of lung function over time. The aim of this ongoing study is to investigate how changes in lung function over time in male metropolitan firefighters compare with those in population controls, and to explore associations between firefightersï¿½ use of personal respiratory protection devices during occupational exposures and their risk of accelerated lung function decline.

Methods

A prospective comparison of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FVC (forced vital capacity) was performed between 281 firefighters and 933 population controls. Logistic regression models were used to compare changes from baseline of FEV1 and FVC after 3 years and risk of accelerated decline between the cohorts. Within the firefighter cohort, risk of accelerated decline was compared between subgroups based on use of respiratory protection devices.

Results

Controls showed similar mean annual declines for FEV1 and FVC across age categories, whereas firefighters aged <45 years showed increasing values over time (p=0.040). Firefighters had a lower odds of accelerated FEV1 decline compared with controls (OR=0.60, 95%CI 0.44; 0.83), but firefighters who never or rarely used respiratory protection during fire knockdown had a higher odds of accelerated FEV1 decline compared with those who used it often or frequently (OR=2.20, 95%CI 1.02; 4.74). Conclusions: Younger generations of firefighters showed an increase in lung function relative to older colleagues, while population controls consistently showed decline of lung function across all ages. Firefighters who reported to be incompliant in using respiratory protection showed an increased risk of accelerated FEV1 decline.
Low Back Pain and Associated Presenteeism among Hospital Nursing Staff
Authors: d’Errico Angelo , Viotti Sara , Baratti Alberto , Mottura Bianca , Barocelli Anna Pia , Tagna Marina , Sgambelluri Barbara , Battaglino Paolo , Converso Daniela
Published: June 2013

Low Back Pain and Associated Presenteeism among Hospital Nursing Staff: Angelo d’ERRICO, et al. Department of Epidemiology, Local Health Unit TO3, Italy—

Objectives

In spite of the high prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and presenteeism previously observed among nurses, no study has assessed the risk of presenteeism specifically due to LBP in nursing staff. Therefore, aim of the present study was to assess prevalence and risk factors of presenteeism due to LBP among hospital nursing personnel.

Methods

174 female nurses underwent a clinical interview and filled in a questionnaire on sociodemographics, LBP symptoms and associated sickness absence, mental symptoms, burnout and on exposure to workplace organizational, psychosocial and ergonomic factors; 111 subjects affected by LBP were included in the analysis. The effect of sociodemographic and workplace characteristics on presenteeism was examined through multivariate Poisson robust regression models.

Results

Prevalence of presenteeism due to LBP was 58%, with wide differences between registered nurses and nursing aides (p=0.001). Only a few workplace factors were significantly associated with presenteeism, including frequent stooping, which decreased the risk of presenteeism, and good working climate and procedural justice, which increased it.

Conclusions

Presenteeism due to LBP was very high among registered nurses and was influenced only by workplace, but not by sociodemographic characteristics. Presenteeism due to LBP among registered nurses should be closely monitored, and effort should be made to reduce it to prevent future work disability associated with LBP.
Occupational Exposure and Thoracic Malignancies, Is There a Relationship ?
Authors: Baser Sevin , Duzce Ozlem , Evyapan Fatma , Akdag Beyza , Ozkurt Sibel , Kiter Goksel
Published: June 2013

Occupational Exposure and Thoracic Malignancies, Is There a Relationship ?: Sevin BASER, et al. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Turkey—The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of occupational exposure in the occurrence of lung cancer.

Method

Three‐hundred lung cancer cases diagnosed between September 1, 1999, and September 31, 2007, and 300 healthy controls were enrolled in this casecontrol study. Life‐long occupational history, gender, age, exposure to asbestos, comorbidities, and smoking status were collected.

Results

The mean age of the 300 lung cancer cases was 60.3 ± 9.9 year (91.7% male and 8.3% female), and the mean age of healthy control group was 60.4 ± 10.5 year (95.0% male and 5.0% female). The most frequent histological types were squamous (172, 57.3%), adeno (69, 23.1%), and small cell (37, 12.3%). There was an increased risk of lung cancer occurrence among agriculture workers (OR=1.89, 95% Cl=1.17−2.98) (p=0.009). Inorganic dust exposure (OR=1.81, 95% Cl=1.0−3.25) (p=0.049) and organic dust exposure (OR=1.89, 95% Cl=1.0−3.59) (p=0.05) were found to be related with high frequency of having lung cancer.

Conclusion

Workers who had occupational exposure to organic and inorganic dust, especially in the agricultural field, had higher risk of lung cancer occurrence when compared with office workers.
Characterization of Hybrid Dual Emitting Layers in Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by Controlling the Fluorescent Doping Concentration
Authors: Lee Bo Mi , Kim Nam Ho , Yoon Ju-An , Kim Woo Young , Mascher Peter
Published: June 2013

In this study, we demonstrate blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a dual emitting layer (EML) configuration consisting of fluorescent and phosphorescent emitting materials. We investigated the influence of dopants on the electrical and optical characteristics of devices when controlling the fluorescent dopant concentration. The current density and luminance of device B doped with 12wt% BCzVBi was 141.6 mA/cm2 and 6582 cd/m2 at 10V, respectively. In addition, a maximum luminous efficiency of 8.11 cd/A, was achieved from device B. The corresponding Commission Internationale de l’E´ clairage (CIExy) coordinates of device D doped with 5wt% BCzVBi were (0.143, 0.255) at 6V.
Amorphous silicon based betavoltaic devices
Authors: Wyrsch N. , Riesen Y. , Franco A. , Dunand S. , Kind H. , Schneider S. , Ballif C.
Published: June 2013

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon betavoltaic devices are studied both by simulation and experimentally. Devices exhibiting a power density of 0.1 μW/cm2 upon Tritium exposure were fabricated. However, a significant degradation of the performance is taking place, especially during the first hours of the exposure. The degradation behavior differs from sample to sample as well as from published results in the literature. Comparisons with degradation from beta particles suggest an effect of tritium rather than a creation of defects by beta particles.
Defect Densities and Carrier Lifetimes in Oxygen doped Nanocrystalline Si
Authors: Kajjam Shantan , Konduri Siva , Noack Max , Shamshimov G. , Ussembayev N. , Dalal Vikram
Published: June 2013

We report on the measurement of defect densities and minority carrier lifetimes in nanocrystalline Si samples contaminated with controlled amounts of oxygen. Two different measurement techniques, a capacitance-frequency (CF) and high temperature capacitance-voltage techniques were used. CF measurement is found to yield noisy defect profiles that could lead to inconclusive results. In this paper, we show an innovative technique to remove the noise and obtain clean data using wavelet transforms. This helps us discover that oxygen is creating both shallow and deep/midgap defect states in lieu with crystalline silicon. Minority carrier lifetime measured using reverse recovery techniques shows excellent inverse correlation between deep defects and minority carrier lifetimes through which hole capture cross section can be evaluated.
Um modelo para análise energética de agroecossistemas
Authors: Mello Renato de
Published: June 2013

Este trabalho apresenta a argumentação teórica da entropia como referencial para análise de agroecossistemas, propõe uma metodologia para tal análise baseada no estudo dos fluxos de energia, e discute os valores energéticos dos fatores físicos da produção agrícola. E mostrado, ainda, o exemplo da aplicação do modelo a um sistema de produção de milho adotado no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil.
Canais de exportação do calçado brasileiro
Authors: Mazocato Marcos Aurélio
Published: June 2013

Neste texto o autor descreve a estrutura de comercialização das exportações de calçados femininos, de couro, produzidos no Rio Grande do Sul e indica segmentos do produto que não estão sendo aproveitados pela indústria calçadista brasileira, tais como os produtos para desportos e os calçados de vinil e plástico.
The vaccination of human beings with a live avirulent strain of Trypanosoma cruzi: a new series of volunteers
Authors: Menezes Humberto
Published: June 2013

Five human volunteers were vaccinated with a live avirulent strain of Trypanosoma cruzi and followed-up for one year. Except for a few cases of questionable results presented by only one Laboratory, ali the other clinicai, parasitological and serological tests remained negative during that period.
Examination of mycological samples by means of the scanning electron microscope
Authors: Thibaut M. , Ansel M.
Published: June 2013

Three species of Siphomycetes: Rhizopus arhizus, Rhizopus equinus and Rhizopus nigricans, as well as a Septomycete: Emericella nidulans, have been examined by means of a scanning electron microscope. Among the difjerent Rhizopus, this technique showed differences in the appearance of the sporangia. In Emericella nidulans, scanning microscopy enábled one to ascertain that the "Hull cells" were completely hollow and also demonstrated the ornemented aspect of the ascospores.
Diferença de susceptibilidade à infecção com T. Cruzi entre espécies de triatomíneos alimentados em cão, tatu e camundongo infectados
Authors: Sherlock Ítalo A. , Almeida Saulo P.
Published: June 2013

Diversas espécies de triatomíneos foram alimentadas em cão, tatu e camundongos infectados pelo T. cruzi, para verificação de suas susceptibilidades. Em cão T. infestans e P. megistus se infectaram melhor. Em tatus T. iníestans e T. brasiliensis acusaram melhores índices de infecção, enquanto em camundongos as espécies de Rhodnius e T. brasiliensis foram as melhores infectadas. A positividade dos xenos não pareceu obrigatoriamente relacionada com a riqueza da parasitemia evidenciada através da hemoscopia direta. A positividade dos xenos em camundongos variou de 26 a 96%. Quando a mesma espécie de triatomineos foi usada em tipos diversos de animais, pareceu haver uma tendência para apresentarem diferentes taxas de infecções, de acordo com o animal empregado. Dessa forma, a susceptibilidade dos triatomíneos poderia estar dependente dos fatores: cepa do tripanosoma, espécie e fase do triatomíneo e o tipo do animal infectante.
Atividade «in vitro» da ampicilina e hetacilina sobre amostras de Salmonella typhi
Authors: Hofer Ernesto , Vicente Maria Marfisa Aguiar , Colnago Estevão José
Published: June 2013

Os autores, utilizando a técnica da diluição seriada em meio líquido, determinaram as concentrações mínimas inibitórias da ampicüina e da hetacilina em 150 amostras de Salmonella typhi, isoladas em sua totalidade a partir de hemoculturas, no Estado da Guanabara. Obteve-se como média das concentrações bacteriostáticas, 0,545 mcg/ml para ampicilina e 0,720 mcg/ml, no caso da hetacilina.
Microepidemia de histoplasmose na zona rural de Brasília - DF - 1967: II - Estudos Epidemiológico e Parasitológico da Fonte de Infecção
Authors: Schmidt Sydney , Machado Onofre Pereira , Galvão Archibaldo Bello
Published: June 2013

Neste trabalho são relatadas pesquisas parasitológicas e epiâemiológicas realizadas numa provável fonte de infecção de Histoplasmose da área rural do D. F. - Brasília, onde 14 pessoas contraíram a doença. Os estudos clínico, imunológico e radiológico foram anteriormente descritos. Os autores conseguiram isolar o H. capsulatum do solo da caverna e das vísceras e do sangue de morcegos (Phyllostomus hastatus hastatus, Pallas 1767) que nela habitavam. Resultaram negativas as tentativas de isolamento do fungo de animais sentinelas (cobaios), assim como não se obteve neles a viragem dos testes intradérmicos com histoplasmina. Em impressões de vísceras dos morcegos, constataram-se formas semelhantes as do T. gondii que posteriormente foram isoladas, em camundongos jovens, por inoculação de vísceras maceradas e sangue. Foram encontrados 2 ectoparasitos nos morcegos: Boophilus microplus e um díptero da família Streblidae. O ácaro albergava tripomastigotos do tipo cruzi, não sendo porém conseguido seu isolamento. No tubo digestivo dos quirópteros, foram retirados nematódeos (Histiostrongylus octaeantus) e cestódeos do gênero Mathevotaenia. Foram capturados, em torno da entrada da caverna, 2 exemplares de Cercomys cunicularis apereoide não sendo examinados sob o ponto de vista parasitológico. Testes intradérmicos realizados em 826 habitantes da área resultaram positivos em 184 (22,27%). A gruta, fonte da infecção, está localizada em uma formação calcárea, pertencente à série Bambuí, acreditando-se, pelos aspectos tectônicos, ser da idade siluriana. No Brasil, o isolamento de H. capsulatum de solo, guanos de morcegos e vísceras de roedores já tinham sido realizados; contudo, esta foi a primeira vez que se conseguiu isolá-lo do solo de uma caverna, fonte de infecção, e das vísceras e sangue de morcegos. Os resultados obtidos com os testes intradérmicos com histoplasmina demonstraram a prevalência de histoplasmose na área rural do DF e, conseqüentemente, a possibilidade de ocorrerem outra microepidemia ou aparecimento de casos isolados de histoplasmose-doença.
Comportamento da eosinofilia após o tratamento das geohelmintoses
Authors: Bozóti Marta Maria
Published: June 2013

A eosinofilia sanguínea após o tratamento anti-helmíntico específico se comportou numa amostragem de 57 crianças da seguinte forma: .Na ascaridíase isolada ou associada à trieuríase a hipereosinofilia parasitária ou descia uniformemente após o tratamento, ou houve primeiro uma exacerbação que durava até a terceira semana após a erradicação da, parasitose, descendo em seguida. Em ambos os casos houve normalização do hemograma em dois meses. Na associação ascaridíase/ancilostomíase também são possíveis dois tipos de comportamento da eosinofilia após tratamento eficaz: ou vai diminuindo a hipereosinofilia, logo em seguida à expulsão dos parasitos, ou há no primeiro mês um aumento da hipereosinofilia (geralmente mais acentuado na primeira semana que se segue ao tratamento), para diminuir após o fim do primeiro mês progressivamente até desaparecer. Na estrongiloidíase e na associação ascaridíase/estrongiloidíase há diminuição constante da hipereosinofilia logo após o tratamento e o hemograma se normaliza em cerca de dois meses. Na trieuríase, a hipereosinofilia, aliás já discreta, diminui pouco com o tratamento. Na ancilostomíase e na associação ancilostomíase/trieuríase a hipereosinofilia ou desce após o tratamento gradativo e lentamente, ou primeiro há uma exaltação temporária nas primeiras três semanas após a terapêutica, para diminuir em seguida. Na associação ancilostomíase/estrongiloidíase também se encontram esses dois tipos de comportamento da hipereosinofilia verminótica, mas a exacerbação da hipereosinofilia, que ocorre na metade dos casos, só dura duas semanas; a regressão eosinofílica ocorre dois meses após o tratamento. Nas tri e tetraeparasitoses a involução pós-terapêutica da hipereosinofilia é irregular e a normalização das taxas sanguíneas de eosinófilos é sempre arrastada, principalmente nas associações ascaridíase/estrongiloidíase/ancilostomíase e nas tetraparasitoses.
Bases para a avaliação do tratamento específico da doença de Chagas humana segundo a parasitemia
Authors: Cançado J. Romeu , Marra U. Duval , Mourão O. G. , Álvares J. Mendes , Oliveira J. P. Mendes de , Machado J. Raymundo , Salgado A. Abreu
Published: June 2013

Os Autores propõem a padronização de métodos para se avaliarem os resultados de ensaios de terapêutica específica da doença de Chagas, a fim de se firmarem critérios seguros de interpretação. Discutem as experiências terapêuticas, com controle estatístico, no ser humano, sobretudo o problema ético, e concluem serem elas indispensáveis para se estabelecer a eficácia do medicamento, definir-lhe o modo de emprego, a posologia e os perigos, mas precisam reger-se por normas bem definidas. Relatam uma metodologia para o ensaio clínico na tripanossomíase americana, partindo do princípio de que só devem ser selecionados pacientes de "alta parasitemia". Submetendo chagásicos crônicos a xenodiagnósticos mensais consecutivos, por períodos até de três anos, verificaram ser variável a positividade: enquanto uns exibem todos os exames positivos (100%), outros mostram graus menores de positividade, havendo até os que nunca apresentam xeno positivo (0%). Explicam o fenômeno admitindo a existência de níveis diferentes de parasitemia e recomendam evitarem-se os pacientes de "baixa parasitemia", pela dificuldade de interpretação, ligada ao fato de eles apresentarem, espontâneamente, sem qualquer tratamento, xenodiagnósticos negativos durante anos. Descrevem os procedimentos correspondentes à fase pré-tratamento, para selecionar os pacientes que apresentem positivos pelo menos 60% de uma série de, no mínimo, seis xenodiagnósticos sêxtuplos quinzenais, cuja padronização é dada. Na fase de tratamento os doentes são internados no Hospital e examinados diariamente, para se verificar a tomada do medicamento e a tolerância, que também se aprecia por exames de laboratório prévios, e coincidentes com a última quinzena. A fase pós-tratamento, em regime ambulatório, é prevista para um ano, submetendo-se o paciente, de 15 em 15 dias, ao xenodiagnóstico e às reações imunológicas. Os Autores dão exemplos de casos retirados de um ensaio, ainda em desenvolvimento, com um nitrofurânico (Bayer 2502), no qual a avaliação da eficácia repousa no xenodiagnóstico e nas reações imunológicas quantitativas, de fixação do complemento (R.F.CJ, de hemoaglutinação (R.H.A.) e de imunofluorescência (T.I.F.). Finalmente, discutem e definem o eventual critério de cura da tripanossomiase americana humana.
Levantamento parasitológico realizado na cidade de Bragança Paulista (Estado de São Paulo): contribuição ao levantamento da carta planorbídica do Estado de São Paulo, IV
Authors: Perez Mário Demar , Artigas Paulo de Tonelo , Lollo Nilton de
Published: June 2013

São apresentados os resultados do levantamento de enteroparasitos humanos realizado nas áreas Cruzeiro e Matadouro, os de pesquisa e coleta de planorbídeos na área urbana de Bragança Paulista e anotações sobre a dispersão de triatomlneos no município.
Inatividade "in vitro" do Hycanthone relativamente a bactérias do gênero Salmonella
Authors: Bortoletto Maria Lúcia , Amato Neto Vicente , Silva Maria Lúcia Ribeiro da
Published: June 2013

Verificaram os autores que, "in vitro", concentrações de "Hycanthone" variáveis de 0,39 a 400 mcg/ml não impediram o desenvolvimento de Salmonella anatum, S. derby, S. typhi e S. typhimurium. Essa concentração pode, sem dúvida, representar apoio à hipótese segundo a qual, na salmonelose de curso prolongado, há carreamento das bactérias pelos helmintos, uma vez que Macêdo & cols. curaram, recentemente, a um só tempo, a esquistossomíase mansônica e a infecção bacteriana de pacientes acometidos pelo citado e intrigante problema da patologia regional brasileira.
Reação da imunofluorescência para a cisticercose com partículas de Cysticercus cellulosae fixadas a lâminas de micrôscopia
Authors: Machado Arminda de Jesus , Camargo Mário E. , Hoshimo Sumie
Published: June 2013

Os autores descrevem um teste de ímunofluorescêneia para o diagnóstico da cisticercose empregando partículas deslipidizadas de C. cellulosae. Testes realizados com soro ou líquor de pacientes com cisticercose resultaram em uma intensa fluorescência das partículas.
Doença diarreica aguda (DDA) em crianças de um mês a um ano de idade residentes em Parintins, Amazonas
Authors: Belaciano Mourad I. , Lazzaro Neide , Quadra Antonio Augusto F. , Cordeiro Hésio de A.
Published: June 2013

Um grupo de 199 crianças de 1 mês a 1 ano de idade, residentes em Parintins, AM, divididas em casos e controles de DDA, foram comparadas segundo: idade; ocupação do chefe da família; condições de moradia; condições demográficas; participação social da família; nutrição; percepção de suscetibilidade e gravidade da DDA; crenças sobre a causalidade da DDA. Foram aceitas as hipóteses nulas de não-associação entre as variáveis independentes e a presença de DDA, exceto idade. Questiona-se a representatividade da amostra tomada. Propõe-se o prosseguimento dos estudos relativos aos fatores que condicionam a manutenção da DDA como principal causa da mortalidade em nosso meio.
Sobre o método de Kato no diagnóstico da esquistossomose mansoni
Authors: Dantas Aparecida Marly P. , Ferreira Luiz Fernando
Published: June 2013

Os autores fazem um estudo comparativo entre os métodos de sedimentação, MIF-C e Kato em relação à eficiência para diagnosticar ovos de helmintos, em especial os de Schistosoma mansoni. Discutem as possibilidades e limitações dos métodos assinalados e concluem pela maior eficiência do método de sedimentação.
Estrutura antigênica e constituição química das leptospiras
Authors: Silva João José Pereira da
Published: June 2013

Os autores fazem um estudo comparativo entre os métodos de sedimentação, MIF-C e Kato em relação à eficiência para diagnosticar ovos de helmintos, em especial os de Schistosoma mansoni. Discutem as possibilidades e limitações dos métodos assinalados e concluem pela maior eficiência do método de sedimentação.
A febre como manifestação clínica da toxoplasmose adquirida, forma linfoglandular
Authors: Amato Neto Vicente , Silva Yvone Khairallah de Oliveira e , Konichi Sélia Reiko
Published: June 2013

Analisaram os autores aspectos relativos à febre em casuística constituída por 100 pacientes, de ambos os sexos e diversas idades, acometidos de toxoplasmose adquirida, forma linfoglandular. Paralelamente, outras manifestações clínicas da doença foram consideradas. Como fatos fundamentais apuraram que hipertermia não faz parte, de maneira constante, da configuração clínica da citada modalidade da protozoose. Ela esteve ausente em pelo menos 27% dos indivíduos computados no estudo e, quando notada, persistiu em geral durante período não superior a um mês e menos do que algumas outras queixas, tendo comumente demonstrado predomínios vespertinos. A constatação referente à fase de permanência das elevações térmicas encerra significado prático, sobretudo na tentativa de elucidação de processo mórbido qualificado como febre de origem indeterminada, pois deve limitar, muitas vezes, interpretações não coerentes com o fato verificado.
Ensaio clínico com mebendazole nas teníases
Authors: Katz Naftale , Zicker Fábio
Published: June 2013

Foram, tratados 31 pacientes com teníases pelo mebendazole. Utilizando-se os esquemas de 100 mg, duas vezes ao dia, por 4 dias consecutivos, 200 mg, duas vezes ao dia por 2 e 200 mg, duas vezes ao dia, por 4 dias, o percentual de cura foi de respectivamente 20,0, 72,7 e 90,0%. Não houve diferença significativa quando foram tratados pacientes com Taenia solium e Taenia saginata. A ausência de efeitos colaterais e a ampla atividade anti-helmíntica do mebendazole, recomendam seu uso também, como um novo agente tenicida.
A parasitological and serological malária survey in Amazonas, 1971
Authors: Draper C. C. , Marsden P. D. , Prata Aluízio , Dourado Heitor Vieira , Bina J. C.
Published: June 2013

Thick blood films and malaria indirect fluorescent antibody test (P. falciparum and P. vivax) were done in four different regions in Amazonas. There was a very low prevalence of parasites anã the antibody rates suggest a small amount of transmission and that P. vivax was the predominant parasite. The calculation of probability of being infected per year was about 8% in Tefé. Coari, Colonia Fernanão Costa and Labrea and 0.8% in Anori.