bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Argatroban versus heparin in patients without heparin-induced thrombocytopenia during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a propensity-score matched study
Authors: Fisser Christoph , Winkler Maren , Malfertheiner Maximilian V. , Philipp Alois , Foltan Maik , Lunz Dirk , Zeman Florian , Maier Lars S. , Lubnow Matthias , Müller Thomas
Published: April 2021

Background

During venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO), direct thrombin inhibitors are considered by some potentially advantageous over unfractionated heparin (UFH). We tested the hypothesis that Argatroban is non-inferior to UFH regarding thrombosis and bleeding during vvECMO.

Methods

We conducted a propensity-score matched observational non-inferiority study of consecutive patients without heparin-induced-thrombocytopenia (HIT) on vvECMO, treated between January 2006 and March 2019 in the medical intensive care unit at the University Hospital Regensburg. Anticoagulation was realized with UFH until August 2017 and with Argatroban from September 2017 onwards. Target activated partial thromboplastin time was 50 ± 5seconds in both groups. Primary composite endpoint was major thrombosis and/or major bleeding. Major bleeding was defined as a drop in hemoglobin of ≥ 2 g/dl/day or in transfusion of ≥ 2 packed red cells/24 h, or retroperitoneal, cerebral, or pulmonary bleeding. Major thrombosis was defined as obstruction of > 50% of the vessel lumen diameter by means of duplex sonography. We also assessed technical complications such as oxygenator defects or pump head thrombosis, the time-course of platelets, and the cost of anticoagulation (including HIT-testing).

Results

Out of 465 patients receiving UFH, 78 were matched to 39 patients receiving Argatroban. The primary endpoint occurred in 79% of patients in the Argatroban group and in 83% in the UFH group (non-inferiority for Argatroban, p = 0.026). The occurrence of technical complications was equally distributed (Argatroban 49% vs. UFH 42%, p = 0.511). The number of platelets was similar in both groups before ECMO therapy but lower in the UFH group after end of ECMO support (median [IQR]: 141 [104;198]/nl vs. 107 [54;171]/nl, p = 0.010). Anticoagulation costs per day of ECMO were higher in the Argatroban group (€26 [13.8;53.0] vs. €0.9 [0.5;1.5], p < 0.001) but not after accounting for blood products and HIT-testing (€63 [42;171) vs. €40 [17;158], p = 0.074).

Conclusion

In patients without HIT on vvECMO, Argatroban was non-inferior to UFH regarding bleeding and thrombosis. The occurrence of technical complications was similarly distributed. Argatroban may have less impact on platelet decrease during ECMO, but this finding needs further evaluation. Direct drug costs were higher for Argatroban but comparable to UFH after accounting for HIT-testing and transfusions.
Many faces of acute bowel ischemia: overview of radiologic staging
Authors: Davarpanah Amir H. , Ghamari Khameneh Afshar , Khosravi Bardia , Mir Ali , Saffar Hiva , Radmard Amir Reza
Published: April 2021

Acute bowel ischemia (ABI) can be life threatening with high mortality rate. In spite of the advances made in diagnosis and treatment of ABI, no significant change has occurred in the mortality over the past decade. ABI is potentially reversible with prompt diagnosis. The radiologist plays a central role in the initial diagnosis and preventing progression to irreversible intestinal ischemic injury or bowel necrosis. The most single imaging findings described in the literature are either non-specific or only present in the late stages of ABI, urging the use of a constellation of features to reach a more confident diagnosis. While ABI has been traditionally categorized based on the etiology with a wide spectrum of imaging findings overlapped with each other, the final decision for patient’s management is usually made on the stage of the ABI with respect to the underlying pathophysiology. In this review, we first discuss the pathologic stages of ischemia and then summarize the various imaging signs and causes of ABI. We also emphasize on the correlation of imaging findings and pathological staging of the disease. Finally, a management approach is proposed using combined clinical and radiological findings to determine whether the patient may benefit from surgery or not.
Metabolites of bovine-associated non-aureus staphylococci influence expression of Staphylococcus aureus agr-related genes in vitro
Authors: Toledo-Silva Bruno , de Souza Fernando Nogueira , Piepers Sofie , Mertens Kristien , Haesebrouck Freddy , De Vliegher Sarne
Published: April 2021

Communications via quorum sensing (QS) between non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus in the bovine mammary gland remains largely unexplored. We determined whether 34 S. chromogenes, 11 S. epidermidis, and 14 S. simulans isolates originating from bovine milk samples and teat apices were able to regulate the QS of S. aureus, and if so, how in vitro growth inhibition of S. aureus by NAS, or NAS metabolites, or NAS cells themselves play a role in this process. In co-culture with S. aureus we observed that these 3 NAS species in general downregulated the expression of rnaIII, the effector molecule of the QS system, but this effect was more pronounced in S. chromogenes and S. simulans isolates than in S. epidermidis isolates. In vitro growth inhibition of S. aureus by NAS resulted in a small underestimation of the downregulating effect of NAS on rnaIII expression of S. aureus. Additionally, the culture supernatant of these NAS isolates and supernatant treated with proteinase K expressed greater regulatory activity over S. aureus virulence genes rnaIII, hla, and spa than washed NAS cells suspended in sterile water. These microbial interactions may influence S. aureus virulence and pathogenesis within the host. Isolation and identification of NAS metabolites affecting the QS system of S. aureus might help to develop alternative strategies for treatment and control of S. aureus mastitis.
Myelin basic protein enhances axonal regeneration from neural progenitor cells
Authors: Yan Zhengjian , Chu Lei , Jia Xiaojiong , Lin Lu , Cheng Si
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Stem cell therapy using neural progenitor cells (NPCs) shows promise in mitigating the debilitating effects of spinal cord injury (SCI). Notably, myelin stimulates axonal regeneration from mammalian NPCs. This led us to hypothesize that myelin-associated proteins may contribute to axonal regeneration from NPCs.

Methods

We conducted an R-based bioinformatics analysis to identify key gene(s) that may participate in myelin-associated axonal regeneration from murine NPCs, which identified the serine protease myelin basic protein (Mbp). We employed E12 murine NPCs, E14 rat NPCs, and human iPSC-derived Day 1 NPCs (D1 hNPCs) with or without CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Mbp knockout in combination with rescue L1-70 overexpression, constitutively-active VP16-PPARγ2, or the PPARγ agonist ciglitazone. A murine dorsal column crush model of SCI utilizing porous collagen-based scaffolding (PCS)-seeded murine NPCs with or without stable Mbp overexpression was used to assess locomotive recovery and axonal regeneration in vivo.

Results

Myelin promotes axonal outgrowth from NPCs in an Mbp-dependent manner and that Mbp’s stimulatory effects on NPC neurite outgrowth are mediated by Mbp’s production of L1-70. Furthermore, we determined that Mbp/L1-70’s stimulatory effects on NPC neurite outgrowth are mediated by PPARγ-based repression of neuron differentiation-associated gene expression and PPARγ-based Erk1/2 activation. In vivo, PCS-seeded murine NPCs stably overexpressing Mbp significantly enhanced locomotive recovery and axonal regeneration in post-SCI mice.

Conclusions

We discovered that Mbp supports axonal regeneration from mammalian NPCs through the novel Mbp/L1cam/Pparγ signaling pathway. This study suggests that bioengineered, NPC-based interventions can promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery post-SCI.
Performance analysis of power-splitting relaying protocol in SWIPT based cooperative NOMA systems
Authors: Tran Huu Q. , Phan Ca V. , Vien Quoc-Tuan
Published: April 2021

This paper investigates a relay assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) for downlink in cellular systems. Cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA) is employed along with power splitting protocol to enable both energy harvesting (EH) and information processing (IP). A downlink model consists of a base station (BS) and two users is considered, in which the near user (NU) is selected as a relay to forward the received signal from the BS to the far user (FU). Maximum ratio combining is then employed at the FU to combine both the signals received from the BS and NU. Closed form expressions of outage propability, throughput, ergodic rate and energy efficiency (EE) are firstly derived for the SWIPT based C-NOMA considering both scenarios of with and without direct link between the BS and FU. The impacts of EH time, EH efficiency, power-splitting ratio, source data rate and distance between different nodes on the performance are then investigated. The simulation results show that the C-NOMA with direct link achieves an outperformed performance over C-NOMA without direct link. Moreover, the performance of C-NOMA with direct link is also higher than that for OMA. Specifically, (1) the outage probability for C-NOMA in both direct and relaying link cases is always lower than that for OMA. (2) the outage probability, throughput and ergodic rate vary according to $$\beta$$
β
, (3) the EE of both users can obtain in SNR range of from $$-10$$

-
10

to 5 dB and it decreases linearly as SNR increases. Numerical results are provided to verify the findings.
Transient feature extraction method based on adaptive TQWT sparse optimization
Authors: Liu Xue , Sun Ao , Hu Jian
Published: April 2021

Aiming at the problem of strong impact, short response period and wide resonance frequency bandwidth of transient vibration signals, a transient feature extraction method based on adaptive tunable Q-factor wavelet transform (TQWT) was proposed. Firstly, the characteristic frequency band of the vibration signal was selected according to the time–frequency distribution. Based on the characteristic frequency band, the sub-band average energy weighted wavelet Shannon entropy was used to optimize the number of decomposition layers, quality factor and redundancy of TQWT, so as to achieve the adaptive optimal matching of the impact characteristic components in the vibration signal. Then, according to the characteristics of the transient impact of the telemetry vibration signal, the TQWT decomposition coefficients were sparse reconstructed to obtain more sparse impact characteristics, and the weighted power spectrum kurtosis was used as the impact characteristic index to select the optimal sub-band, Finally, the inverse transform of TQWT was used to reconstruct the optimal sub-band to enhance its weak impact features. The simulation and measured signal processing results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
$L^{p}$ harmonic 1-forms on conformally flat Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Li Jing , Feng Shuxiang , Zhao Peibiao
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we establish a finiteness theorem for $L^{p}$

L
p

harmonic 1-forms on a locally conformally flat Riemannian manifold under the assumptions on the Schrödinger operators involving the squared norm of the traceless Ricci form. This result can be regarded as a generalization of Han’s result on $L^{2}$

L
2

harmonic 1-forms.
On the refinements of some important inequalities via $(p,q)$-calculus and their applications
Authors: Yu Bo , Luo Chun-Yan , Du Ting-Song
Published: April 2021

We establish some interesting refinements of the$(p,q)$(p,q)-Hölder integral inequality and the$(p,q)$(p,q)-power-mean integral inequality. As applications, we show that some existing$(p,q)$(p,q)-integral inequalities can be improved by the results obtained in this paper.
On differential equations classifying a warped product submanifold of cosymplectic space forms
Authors: Ali Akram , Mofarreh Fatemah , Ali Rifaqat , Badruddin Irfan Anjum
Published: April 2021

In the present paper, we extend the study of (Ali et al. in J. Inequal. Appl. 2020:241, 2020) by using differential equations (García-Río et al. in J. Differ. Equ. 194(2):287–299, 2003; Pigola et al. in Math. Z. 268:777–790, 2011; Tanno in J. Math. Soc. Jpn. 30(3):509–531, 1978; Tashiro in Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 117:251–275, 1965), and we find some necessary conditions for the base of warped product submanifolds of cosymplectic space form $\widetilde{M}^{2m+1}(\epsilon )$

M
˜

2
m
+
1

(
ϵ
)
to be isometric to the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{n}$

R
n

or a warped product of complete manifold N and Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}$
R
.
Fractional isospectral and non-isospectral AKNS hierarchies and their analytic methods for N-fractal solutions with Mittag-Leffler functions
Authors: Xu Bo , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Sheng
Published: April 2021

Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) linear spectral problem gives birth to many important nonlinear mathematical physics equations including nonlocal ones. This paper derives two fractional order AKNS hierarchies which have not been reported in the literature by equipping the AKNS spectral problem and its adjoint equations with local fractional order partial derivative for the first time. One is the space-time fractional order isospectral AKNS (stfisAKNS) hierarchy, three reductions of which generate the fractional order local and nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (flnNLS) and modified Kortweg–de Vries (fmKdV) hierarchies as well as reverse-tNLS (frtNLS) hierarchy, and the other is the time-fractional order non-isospectral AKNS (tfnisAKNS) hierarchy. By transforming the stfisAKNS hierarchy into two fractional bilinear forms and reconstructing the potentials from fractional scattering data corresponding to the tfnisAKNS hierarchy, three pairs of uniform formulas of novelN-fractal solutions with Mittag-Leffler functions are obtained through the Hirota bilinear method (HBM) and the inverse scattering transform (IST). Restricted to the Cantor set, some obtained continuous everywhere but nondifferentiable one- and two-fractal solutions are shown by figures directly. More meaningfully, the problems worth exploring of constructingN-fractal solutions of soliton equation hierarchies by HBM and IST are solved, taking stfisAKNS and tfnisAKNS hierarchies as examples, from the point of view of local fractional order derivatives. Furthermore, this paper shows that HBM and IST can be used to construct someN-fractal solutions of other soliton equation hierarchies.
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q-13): expanding on the short form
Authors: Lev-Ari Lilac , Bachner-Melman Rachel , Zohar Ada H.
Published: April 2021

Objective

The Eating Disorders Examination–Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is widely used but time-consuming to complete. In recent years, the advantages and disadvantages of several brief versions have therefore been investigated. A seven-item scale (EDE-Q-7) has excellent psychometric properties but excludes items on bingeing and purging. This study aimed to evaluate a thirteen-item scale (EDE-Q-13) including items on bingeing and purging.

Method

Participants were 1160 (188 [11.4%] males) community volunteers of mean age 28.79 ± 9.92. They completed the full EDE-Q in Hebrew, as well as measures of positive body experience, social and emotional connection, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect and positive eating. The six EDE-Q items about bingeing and purging, recoded to correspond to the response categories of the other EDE-Q questions, were added to the EDE-Q-7, resulting in the EDE-Q-13.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the hypothesized EDE-Q-13 structure, including the bingeing and purging subscales. Strong positive correlations were found between the EDE-Q-13 and the original EDE-Q scores. The EDE-Q-13 showed convergent validity with related measures.

Conclusions

The EDE-Q-13 in Hebrew is a brief version of the EDE-Q that includes bingeing and purging subscales and has satisfactory psychometric properties. Its use in clinical and research contexts is encouraged.
Transcriptome investigation of anti‐inflammation and immuno‐regulation mechanism of taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Bao Lige , Hao Dacheng , Wang Xu , He Xiuling , Mao Wei , Li Peifeng
Published: April 2021

Background

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) is one of the major active components in bile acid. It was proven to have inhibitory activities on inflammation and also participate in host immuno-regulation. TCDCA exerts anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory effects through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated genomic signaling pathway and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5) mediated AC-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. However, it is unclear whether GR or TGR5 plays an important role in the regulatory effects of TCDCA. In order to further investigate this effects mechanism of TCDCA, the research use the transcriptome to identify the major genes and pathway in the anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory effects.

Methods

After the Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) being treated by different concentrations (10− 5, 10− 6 and 10− 7 M) of TCDCA for 12 h, the resulting mRNA was analyzed by RNA-seq. The differentially expressed genes were screened from sequencing results using bioinformatics techniques. In the next step, other published literature were referred in order to find out whether those genes mentioned above are related to inflammation. The final selected differentially expressed genes associated with inflammation were then validated by q-PCR and western blot assays.

Results

Five genes associated with anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory effects, include Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor-9 (SRSF9), Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and Cystatin B (CSTB) were identified. TCDCA at the concentrations of 10− 5, 10− 6 and 10− 7 M significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of SRSF9 and GPX3 and also up-regulate the mRNA expression of CSTB, CTGF and GAPDH. RNA-seq results of GPX3 and SRSF9 expression were consistent with q-PCR results, while q-PCR results of CTGF, GAPDH showed inconsistent with their RNA-seq results. Q-PCR result of CSTB expression also showed inconsistent with the RNA-seq result.

Conclusions

The anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory activities of TCDCA are proven to be related to the up-regulation expression of GPX3, SRSF9 and CSTB.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Metagenome-assembled genomes infer potential microbial metabolism in alkaline sulphidic tailings
Authors: Li Wenjun , Li Xiaofang
Published: April 2021

Background

Mine tailings are hostile environment. It has been well documented that several microbes can inhabit such environment, and metagenomic reconstruction has successfully pinpointed their activities and community structure in acidic tailings environments. We still know little about the microbial metabolic capacities of alkaline sulphidic environment where microbial processes are critically important for the revegetation. Microbial communities therein may not only provide soil functions, but also ameliorate the environment stresses for plants’ survival.

Results

In this study, we detected a considerable amount of viable bacterial and archaeal cells using fluorescent in situ hybridization in alkaline sulphidic tailings from Mt Isa, Queensland. By taking advantage of high-throughput sequencing and up-to-date metagenomic binning technology, we reconstructed the microbial community structure and potential coupled iron and nitrogen metabolism pathways in the tailings. Assembly of 10 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), with 5 nearly complete, was achieved. From this, detailed insights into the community metabolic capabilities was derived. Dominant microbial species were seen to possess powerful resistance systems for osmotic, metal and oxidative stresses. Additionally, these community members had metabolic capabilities for sulphide oxidation, for causing increased salinity and metal release, and for leading to N depletion.

Conclusions

Here our results show that a considerable amount of microbial cells inhabit the mine tailings, who possess a variety of genes for stress response. Metabolic reconstruction infers that the microbial consortia may actively accelerate the sulphide weathering and N depletion therein.
Three cases of paroxysmal alien limb phenomena due to epileptic seizures and review of literatures
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Liu Yang , Yu Hao , Liu Qingzhu , Wang Shuang , Liu Xiaoyan , Cai Lixin , Wu Xun
Published: April 2021

Background

The alien hand phenomenon (AHP) is a rare disorder of involuntary limb movement together with a loss of sense of limb ownership. AHP occurs as a consequence of frontal, callosal, or posterior cerebral lesions. To characterize the phenomenon of AHP, three patients with paroxysmal AHP were described and proved to be focal seizures by using video-EEG monitoring.

Method

Clinical history of 3 epileptic patients with AHP was collected. EEG and MRI were performed in each patient. One patient completed EEG monitoring and postoperative pathological examination. We also review the recent literatures and summarize the characteristics, types and hypothetic mechanisms of epileptic AHP.

Results

Case 1 had AHP of the left arm followed by the left arm convulsion or AHP only. MRI imaging showed a lesion in the posterior parietal lobe. After complete resection of the lesion, he remained seizure free for 1.5 years. Cases 2 and 3 had AHP and convulsion. The three cases did not have auto-motor signs, so they were identified to be the posterior type of APH.

Conclusions

The mechanism underlying AHP remains poorly .understood. Currently, little is known for the epileptic paroxysmal AHP, a quite rare form of AHP. AHP can be represented before or immediately after convulsion, or be represented by the paroxysmal symptom only.
PRRT2 gene and protein in human: characteristics, evolution and function
Authors: Li Yinchao , Chen Shuda , Wang Chengzhe , Wang Peiling , Li Xi , Zhou Liemin
Published: April 2021

Background

This study was designed to characterize human PRRT2 gene and protein, in order to provide theoretical reference for research on regulation of PRRT2 expression and its involvement in the pathogenesis of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia and other related diseases.

Method

Biological softwares Protparam, Protscale, MHMM, SignalP 5.0, NetPhos 3.1, Swiss-Model, Promoter 2.0, AliBaba2.1 and EMBOSS were used to analyze the sequence characteristics, transcription factors of human PRRT2 and their binding sites in the promoter region of the gene, as well as the physicochemical properties, signal peptides, hydrophobicity property, transmembrane regions, protein structure, interacting proteins and functions of PRRT2 protein.

Results

(1) Evolutionary analysis of PRRT2 protein showed that the human PRRT2 had closest genetic distance from Pongo abelii. (2) The human PRRT2 protein was an unstable hydrophilic protein located on the plasma membrane. (3) The forms of random coil (67.65%) and alpha helix (23.24%) constituted the main secondary structure elements of PRRT2 protein. There were also multiple potential phosphorylation sites in the protein. (4) The results of ontology analysis showed that the cellular component of PRRT2 protein was located in the plasma membrane; the molecular function of PRRT2 included syntaxin-1 binding and SH3 domain binding; the PRRT2 protein is involved in biological processes of negative regulation of soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex assembly and calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion. (5) String database analysis revealed 10 proteins with close interactions with the human PRRT2 protein. (6) There were at least two promoter regions in the PRRT2 gene within 2000 bp upstream the 5' flank, a 304-bp CpG island in the promoter region and four GC boxes in the 5' regulatory region of PRRT2 gene and we found 13 transcription factors that could bind the promoter region of the PRRT2 gene.

Conclusion

These results provide important information for further studies on the role of PRRT2 gene and identify their functions.
Trends of arthroscopy publications in PubMed and Scopus
Authors: Kambhampati Srinivas B. S. , Vaish Abhishek , Vaishya Raju , Patralekh Mohit Kumar
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Arthroscopy is an established sub-speciality in orthopaedics. With advancing technology, instrumentation and implants, this sub-speciality has seen an explosion of knowledge and techniques since its inception. The indications for arthroscopic management are increasing and, hence, the number of publications on this topic. There has been no study looking into the bibliometrics of all publications within this speciality. The purpose of this study was to look into the trends of published articles on arthroscopy from PubMed and Scopus including studying their citation numbers.

Materials and methods

We set out to look into the number of publications from the earliest up to 2019 and their trends and citation numbers in PubMed and Scopus. We also performed a VOS viewer analysis of MeSH terms and titles of publications to look at research trends over time.

Results

There were 41,149 articles published on PubMed since 1955 and 50,373 articles on Scopus since 1939. The total number of citations were 912,630 for 38,338 cited articles. With 2864 publications in 2019, there was a more than four-fold increase from the number published in the year 2000. The knee joint was the most frequently published joint with an increasing trend in hip arthroscopy. Cohort studies were the most common with 13,180 articles followed by Reviews with 5746 articles. The top 10 authors, universities and journals were listed along with citation numbers. We analysed the trends of publications for each joint and compared them. Yearly citations have progressively increased to reach a maximum of 45,407 in 2007. Arthroscopy was the most published and cited journal on this topic. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS) (Am) had the most citations per article. The USA and Hospital for Special Surgery, New York were the most published country and university, respectively.

Conclusions

There is a healthy growth of publications on the subject of arthroscopy with a steep increase in the number of publications and citations in recent years. VOS Viewer analysis showed an evolution of research and practice in the field of arthroscopy. Recommendations were made for databases and search engines to improve on the search and analysis of such studies in the future.

Level of evidence

4
Witnesses to Freedom: Paula's Enslavement, Her Family's Freedom Suit, and the Making of a Counterarchive in the South Atlantic World
Authors: Marquez John C.
Published: April 2021

In 1753, a pregnant woman named Paula was kidnapped in Angola, enslaved, and taken to Brazil. Four decades later, in 1794, Paula's children and grandchildren, 15 in total, filed a lawsuit for their family's freedom in Rio de Janeiro claiming that Paula was a free woman in Angola before her enslavement. This article reconstructs Paula and her descendants' multigenerational legal battle and reveals that their struggle for freedom was, in large part, a struggle against archives. I examine a unique aspect of the freedom suit: witness testimony from Paula's former kin and community in Angola, collected across the Atlantic Ocean four decades after Paula's enslavement. I argue that the memory and testimony of Paula's kin and community in Angola formed a powerful counterarchive that not only narrated her freedom in Angola but also challenged the Brazilian colonial archive's reliance on paper evidence of freedom.
A Conversation with Erin Christovale about You are mine. I see now, I'm a have to let you go
Authors: Raengo Alessandra , Cramer Lauren McLeod
Published: April 2021

Critical Art Encounters offer sustained and at times meditative engagements with contemporary artworks. This Critical Art Encounter is a kind of reprise, a return to a joint performance by visual artist Suné Woods, poet and theorist Fred Moten, and musician and theorist James Gordon Williams. Titled You are mine. I see now, I'm a have to let you go, the piece was performed live at the Hammer Museum during their 2018 biennial event “Made in L.A.” This special section of liquid blackness aims to sample the fully realized collaboration and audiovisual experimentation that took place in the largely improvised art event. This Critical Art Encounter includes the intimate ecological exploration that takes place in Woods's video work; Moten's poem “the general balm,” which was written in part for the performance and later published in his book of poetry and criticism all that beauty (2019); and finally, a conversation with Erin Christovale, an associate curator at the Hammer who helped organize the event. Although not all three artists are featured (Williams's original compositions can be heard in the footage from the performance), we were fortunate to expand this creative dialogue by including a curatorial perspective. Thus we are able to consider how this work expresses liquidity as both a concern of contemporary black art and a call to the congregation.
Scaling and development of elastic mechanisms: the tiny strikes of larval mantis shrimp
Authors: Harrison Jacob S. , Porter Megan L. , McHenry Matthew J. , Robinson H. Eve , Patek S. N.
Published: April 2021

Latch-mediated spring actuation (LaMSA) is used by small organisms to produce high acceleration movements. Mathematical models predict that acceleration increases as LaMSA systems decrease in size. Adult mantis shrimp use a LaMSA mechanism in their raptorial appendages to produce extremely fast strikes. Until now, however, it was unclear whether mantis shrimp at earlier life-history stages also strike using elastic recoil and latch mediation. We tested whether larval mantis shrimp (Gonodactylaceus falcatus) use LaMSA and, because of their smaller size, achieve higher strike accelerations than adults of other mantis shrimp species. Based on microscopy and kinematic analyses, we discovered that larval G. falcatus possess the components of, and actively use, LaMSA during their fourth larval stage, which is the stage of development when larvae begin feeding. Larvae performed strikes at high acceleration and speed (mean: 4.133×105 rad s−2, 292.7 rad s−1; 12 individuals, 25 strikes), which are of the same order of magnitude as for adults – even though adult appendages are up to two orders of magnitude longer. Larval strike speed (mean: 0.385 m s−1) exceeded the maximum swimming speed of similarly sized organisms from other species by several orders of magnitude. These findings establish the developmental timing and scaling of the mantis shrimp LaMSA mechanism and provide insights into the kinematic consequences of scaling limits in tiny elastic mechanisms.
Strategic treatment optimization for HCV (STOPHCV1): a randomised controlled trial of ultrashort duration therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Cooke Graham S. , Pett Sarah , McCabe Leanne , Jones Chris , Gilson Richard , Verma Sumita , Ryder Stephen D. , Collier Jane D. , Barclay Stephen T. , Ala Aftab , Bhagani Sanjay , Nelson Mark , Ch'Ng Chinlye , Stone Ben , Wiselka Martin , Forton Daniel , McPherson Stuart , Halford Rachel , Nguyen Dung , Smith David , Ansari Azim , Dennis Emily , Hudson Fleur , Barnes Eleanor J. , Walker Ann Sarah
Published: April 2021

Background: The world health organization (WHO) has identified the need for a better understanding of which patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be cured with ultrashort course HCV therapy.

Methods: A total of 202 individuals with chronic HCV were randomised to fixed-duration shortened therapy (8 weeks) vs variable-duration ultrashort strategies (VUS1/2). Participants not cured following first-line treatment were retreated with 12 weeks’ sofosbuvir/ledipasvir/ribavirin. The primary outcome was sustained virological response 12 weeks (SVR12) after first-line treatment and retreatment. Participants were factorially randomised to receive ribavirin with first-line treatment.

Results: All evaluable participants achieved SVR12 overall (197/197, 100% [95% CI 98-100]) demonstrating non-inferiority between fixed-duration and variable-duration strategies (difference 0% [95% CI -3.8%, +3.7%], 4% pre-specified non-inferiority margin). First-line SVR12 was 91% [86%-97%] (92/101) for fixed-duration vs 48% [39%-57%] (47/98) for variable-duration, but was significantly higher for VUS2 (72% [56%-87%] (23/32)) than VUS1 (36% [25%-48%] (24/66)). Overall, first-line SVR12 was 72% [65%-78%] (70/101) without ribavirin and 68% [61%-76%] (69/98) with ribavirin (p=0.48). At treatment failure, the emergence of viral resistance was lower with ribavirin (12% [2%-30%] (3/26)) than without (38% [21%-58%] (11/29), p=0.01).

Conclusions: Unsuccessful first-line short-course therapy did not compromise retreatment with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir/ribavirin (100% SVR12). SVR12 rates were significantly increased when ultrashort treatment varied between 4-7 weeks rather than 4-6 weeks. Ribavirin significantly reduced resistance emergence in those failing first-line therapy.

ISRCTN Registration: 37915093 (11/04/2016).
La traducción de mundos ficticios en la literatura entre el alemán y el español: el caso de Die andere Seite. Ein phantastischer Roman de Alfred Kubin
Authors: Szymyslik Robert
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo se centra en la indagación de la traducción de las estructuras narrativas denominadas «mundos ficticios» en la modalidad literaria entre el alemán y el español. De forma concreta, en él se pretenden analizar los mecanismos que pueden aplicarse al trasvase de los elementos específicos que actúan como cimientos de los mundos ficticios entre entornos socioculturales. La transferencia funcional de estos componentes garantiza que los receptores meta sean capaces de concebir mentalmente una nueva realidad narrativa, por lo que es fundamental que esta tarea se lleve a cabo eficientemente. Los objetivos de investigación de este trabajo se cumplen a través de la observación del mundo ficticio construido en la obra Die andere Seite. Ein phantastischer Roman de Alfred Kubin, que presenta un ejemplo destacado de esta clase de dimensiones hipotéticas. Este análisis está basado en teorías provenientes de los estudios descriptivos de traducción y en los trabajos de autores como Toury (1980), Lambert y Van Gorp (1985) o Munday (2001). Consiste en un vaciado integral de los elementos conceptuales fundacionales del universo de esta novela, una selección de los ejemplos más relevantes para los propósitos de este trabajo y su disección traductológica con la meta de identificar los procesos utilizados para trasvasarlos y para evaluar la funcionalidad de cada uno de los equivalentes propuestos para evocar la realidad de esta novela en el contexto hispanohablante.
Uso de tecnologías digitales para atender Necesidades Educativas Especiales en la Formación docente del educador Diferencial
Authors: Rodrigo Palominos Bastias Marcelo , Marcelo García Carlos
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los conocimientos que tienen los estudiantes de Educación Diferencial sobre las tecnologías digitales (TD) y su uso en la atención de las NEE. El estudio se basa en una metodología mixta. La muestra es intencionada, está constituida por 699 estudiantes y 20 profesores de Pedagogía en Educación Especial de ocho universidades chilenas. La investigación se desarrolló en tres fases: en la primera participaron con 202 estudiantes y 12 profesores, a quienes se les realizó un cuestionario, entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales; en la segunda, se aplicó un cuestionario a 497 estudiantes; en la tercera fase se realizaron grupos focales, entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación no participante en una muestra de 75 estudiantes y ocho profesores de una universidad. Para los datos cuantitativos, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio y las pruebas U de Mann Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis; para los cualitativos, la triangulación y la comparación constante. La mayoría de los estudiantes consideró que tenía deficiencias formativas sobre el uso de TD para atender las NEE en sus áreas de especialización. Los resultados ofrecen la oportunidad de rediseñar el modelo curricular de formación docente vigente, enfocarlo a enseñar eficientemente los contenidos a través de TD y desarrollar competencias en los estudiantes para que atiendan a la diversidad, independientemente de los contextos donde enseñen.
SERVIÇO DE ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE E SEGURANÇA DO CATADOR DE MATERIAIS RECICLÁVEIS EM COOPERATIVAS
Authors: Mattos Ubirajara Aluizio de Oliveira , Dos Santos Paula Raquel , Rocha Dulciléia De Souza
Published: April 2021

As relações de trabalho nas organizações autogestionárias, regulamentadas pela Lei Federal n° 12.690 de 19 de julho de 2012, são diferentes das organizações regidas pela Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho e pelo Regime Jurídico Único. As organizações autogestionárias necessitam de um serviço de saúde e segurança do trabalhador adaptado às suas características, capacidades e limitações. O artigo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de serviço de atenção à saúde e segurança do trabalhador, voltado para cooperativas de catadores de materiais recicláveis. Baseado em um perfil socioeconômico de catadores de 12 organizações estudadas, de características dessas organizações e de um levantamento bibliográfico de modelos de serviço de atenção à saúde e segurança do trabalhador, desenvolvidos para essas organizações, procedeu-se a uma análise da aplicabilidade desses modelos nessas organizações. Os resultados apontaram que esses modelos de serviço, apesar de apresentarem características de modelo de atenção à saúde e segurança do trabalhador não atendem plenamente a demanda dessas organizações, fazendo-se necessário o desenvolvimento de uma proposta cujos fundamentos visam atender as necessidades identificadas na situação de vulnerabilidade dessa população de trabalhadores, resultante das condições de saúde, permeadas pelas condições de trabalho e ambientais. O modelo proposto procura contemplar características relevantes como autogestão, cooperativismo, promoção da saúde, a capacitação dos trabalhadores em saúde ambiental, e a educação ambiental, pois permite criar um ambiente de interlocuções e conformações políticas com órgãos governamentais, e investimentos dessas organizações, na aquisição de equipamentos de proteção coletiva e individual, na capacitação de seus associados, e na prevenção de acidentes e doenças ocupacionais.
Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Among All-Payer Claimants With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Phillips Kimberly G. , Wishengrad Jeanne S. , Houtenville Andrew J.
Published: April 2021

Inpatient hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) among beneficiaries with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) were examined using Medicaid and commercial claims from 2010–2014 in New Hampshire. IDD was defined with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes using algorithms from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and inpatient encounters were identified using the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set. In adjusted analyses, beneficiaries with IDD had more hospitalizations for ACSC than those without IDD in both insurance groups. Differences in patterns of ACSC prevalence, comorbidities, and hospital admissions between the commercially and Medicaid-insured groups show the value of using all-payer claims data, when possible, to understand health needs and health care utilization of insurance beneficiaries with IDD.
Practicing Keywords to Increase Reading Performance of Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Stevens Mallory A. , Burns Matthew K.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the current study was to determine the extent to which practicing keywords increased word recognition, reading fluency and comprehension for students with intellectual disability (ID). The dependent measures included word recognition (i.e., the percentage of previously unknown keywords read correctly in the given text), reading fluency (i.e., words read correctly in 1 minute), and reading comprehension (i.e., number of questions answered correctly out of five). The participants were three fourth-grade students who were identified as having ID in early childhood with IQ scores of 45, 62, and 78. Words from reading passages were practiced with Incremental Rehearsal (IR) using a multielement, single-case design. Practicing keywords led to higher subsequent in-text recognition and generalization for a high percentage of the taught words. Additionally, there was clear experimental control for increases in reading fluency. There was not a strong effect on reading comprehension. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Distortion correction for particle image velocimetry using multiple-input deep convolutional neural network and Hartmann-Shack sensing
Authors: Gao Zeyu , Radner Hannes , Büttner Lars , Ye Hongwei , Li Xinyang , Czarske Jürgen
Published: April 2021

Aberrations degrade the accuracy of quantitative, imaging-based measurements, like particle image velocimetry (PIV). Adaptive optical elements can in principle correct the wavefront distortions, but are limited by their technical specifications. Here we propose an actuator-free correction based on a multiple-input deep convolutional neural network which uses an additional input from a wavefront sensor to correct time-varying distortions. It is applied for imaging flow velocimetry to conduct measurements through a fluctuating air-water phase boundary. Dataset for neural network is generated by an experimental setup with a deformable mirror. Correction performance of trained model is estimated in terms of image quality, which is improved significantly, and flow measurement results, where the errors induced by the distortion from fluctuating phase boundary can be corrected by 82 %. The technique has the potential to replace classical closed-loop adaptive optical systems where the performance of the actuators is not sufficient.
Spectral and RIN properties of a single-frequency Raman fiber amplifier co-pumped by ASE source
Authors: Cheng Xin , Cui Shuzhen , Zeng Xin , Zhou Jiaqi , Feng Yan
Published: April 2021

Spectral and relative intensity noise (RIN) characteristics of a single-frequency Raman fiber amplifier co-pumped by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) sources are investigated experimentally. Due to the relatively lower intensity noise of ASE sources compared to usual fiber laser pumps, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) linewidth of the signal laser increases negligibly. But there is significant increase in RIN and spectral wings due to the noise transfer at high frequency from the ASE source during the Raman amplification. The deterioration can be suppressed to some extent with ASE of broader linewidth, which has lower intensity noise.
Simple carrier-envelope phase control and stabilization scheme for difference frequency generation-based systems
Authors: Natile Michele , Guichard Florent , Zaouter Yoann , Hanna Marc , Georges Patrick
Published: April 2021

We report about a setup for carrier-envelope phase (CEP) control and stabilization in passive systems based on difference frequency generation (DFG). The principle of this approach relies on the amplitude to phase modulation transfer in the white-light generation process. A small modulation of the pump laser intensity is used to obtain a DFG output modulated in CEP. This technique is demonstrated in a CEP-stable system pumped by an Yb-doped fiber amplifier. It is first characterized by measuring CEP modulations produced by applying arbitrary waveforms. The CEP actuator is then used for slow drifts correction in a feedback loop. The results show the capability of this simple approach for OPA/OPCPA CEP-stabilized setups.
Automatic pear and apple detection by videos using deep learning and a Kalman filter
Authors: Itakura Kenta , Narita Yuma , Noaki Shuhei , Hosoi Fumiki
Published: April 2021

Pears and apples in videos recorded while walking were detected automatically using a deep-learning-based method referred to as YOLO. The same fruits in the successive video frames were then identified using a Kalman filter. The average precision of the pear detection was 0.97, while the number of correctly counted pears was 226, out of 234. A YOLO v2 network with a larger input image size and data augmentation method contributed to the high accuracy in the counting. The pears and apples in the videos were counted automatically, within an absolute error of 10% under unstable light conditions and with greenish fruits.
The genomics of rapid climatic adaptation and parallel evolution in North American house mice
Authors: Ferris Kathleen G. , Chavez Andreas S. , Suzuki Taichi A. , Beckman Elizabeth J. , Phifer-Rixey Megan , Bi Ke , Nachman Michael W.
Published: April 2021

Parallel changes in genotype and phenotype in response to similar selection pressures in different populations provide compelling evidence of adaptation. House mice (Mus musculus domesticus) have recently colonized North America and are found in a wide range of environments. Here we measure phenotypic and genotypic differentiation among house mice from five populations sampled across 21° of latitude in western North America, and we compare our results to a parallel latitudinal cline in eastern North America. First, we show that mice are genetically differentiated between transects, indicating that they have independently colonized similar environments in eastern and western North America. Next, we find genetically-based differences in body weight and nest building behavior between mice from the ends of the western transect which mirror differences seen in the eastern transect, demonstrating parallel phenotypic change. We then conduct genome-wide scans for selection and a genome-wide association study to identify targets of selection and candidate genes for body weight. We find some genomic signatures that are unique to each transect, indicating population-specific responses to selection. However, there is significant overlap between genes under selection in eastern and western house mouse transects, providing evidence of parallel genetic evolution in response to similar selection pressures across North America.