bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
If You Build It, They Will Come
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

Opening a private mental health practice and being a clinically competent clinician are not sufficient for success in private practice. This chapter provides specific strategies and suggestions for how to market one’s mental health private practice effectively. Marketing strategies are explored, and the importance of developing a comprehensive marketing plan is explained as essential to ongoing practice development. This includes how to develop and maintain a diverse range of referral sources, how to promote word of mouth referrals from past clients, and how to be seen as a “go-to” mental health treatment resource throughout one’s community.
If You Build It, They Will Never Come
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

Some individuals may fear that the days of successful private mental health practices are over. This myth could not be further from the truth. This chapter highlights important data on the need for competent mental health professionals and the dearth of qualified mental health clinicians in many communities. Specific mental health services where there is a great need, where there often is not much competition for qualified clinicians, and where managed care is not involved are described. How to assess the mental health assessment and treatment needs of one’s local community and how to fit the services one offers into meeting these needs is explained. Specific strategies are offered for developing a viable and financially successful private mental health practice that is responsive to community needs and sustainable over time.
A Fee-for-Service Practice Cannot Survive
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

During fiscally challenging times and given the prevalence of managed care, it is easy to think that a fee-for-service private mental health practice is no longer possible. This chapter clearly demonstrates how wrong this myth is. Many individuals use their disposable income to purchase goods and services that are of value to them. How to develop and maintain a financially successful fee-for-service private practice is explained. Specific strategies are provided to determine community needs, to develop clinical skills that meet these needs, and to demonstrate the value of these services to prospective clients. Recommendations are made for structuring one’s practice so that clients will be more likely to pay for needed services out-of-pocket and for developing a successful fee-for-service private mental health practice.
There Is No Need to Waste My Hard-Earned Money on Consultants, Attorneys, and Certified Public Accountants
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

Although most mental health professionals are experts in their clinical area of practice, very few of them are experts in the business aspects of practice. This chapter explains the important role thoughtfully selected consultants can play in preparing for, establishing, running, and managing a successful private mental health practice. How to best use consultants to prevent business problems and help maximize your investment in your private practice is clearly explained. Examples of consultants and how their expertise may save the mental health practitioner thousands and even tens of thousands of dollars, not to mention ethical and legal difficulties, are provided. Issues such as incorporation, practice structure, contracts, leases, hiring and firing, insurance, taxes, and so forth are addressed. Additionally, the role of consultations with expert clinicians when confronted with clinically challenging situations is explained. Key recommendations for the effective use of consultants are provided.
Continuing Education Requirements Are Unnecessary and Are Not Relevant to My Professional Competence
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

Even the best trained and most highly skilled mental health clinicians must take active steps to maintain, update, and expand their knowledge and skills. Failure to do so on an ongoing basis places one’s professional competence at risk. This chapter explains the fragile nature of competence and the steps to take to help ensure the maintenance of ongoing clinical effectiveness. Enhancing one’s competence to add new skills and to expand one’s clinical practice into new areas also is addressed. Continuing requirements for license renewal are described and placed within the broader context of each mental health practitioner’s overarching ethical obligation to provide the highest quality professional services possible. Specific recommendations for achieving this goal are provided in the hope that mental health clinicians will incorporate them into their ongoing professional activities.
All You Need to Do to Close Your Practice Is to Stop Seeing Clients and Lock the Door
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

At some point in time most mental health clinicians in private practice will make a decision to close their practice. This chapter focuses on each private practitioner’s many ethical and clinical obligations to clients. Guidance is provided regarding potential pitfalls and legal and financial consequences to avoid in closing one’s private practice. Issues such as preparing clients for the impending closure, making arrangements for referrals and the transfer of records, knowing when to no longer accept new clients, terminating business contracts, and making required public notices of the practice’s closure are all addressed. Further, specific recommendations are made for preparing for unanticipated practice closures and the development and implementation of a professional will.
There Is No Need to Save for Retirement
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

Perhaps it is every mental health private practitioner’s dream to one day sell his or her practice and to use the proceeds of the sale to fund his or her retirement. This chapter addresses the reasons for this actually being a rare event. Challenges in selling a private practice, including valuing it and creating a business that survives without the involvement of the practitioner who built the practice are addressed. Relevant issues such as contracts and products, outstanding income, debts, good will, and real estate holdings are each discussed as one considers how to value a private mental health practice. How to estimate one’s financial needs in retirement and how to plan effectively for and fund one’s retirement years are described, with specific recommendations for achieving one’s financial goals.
Documentation and Record Keeping Are Burdens to Be Completed as Quickly as Possible
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

Documentation and record keeping are not known as the most enjoyable aspects of being a mental health clinician. Yet, as this chapter explains, they play a vital and important role in meeting one’s ethical and legal obligations. Further, it is explained how timely, thorough, effective documentation can help mental health practitioners to fulfill their obligation to provide the highest possible quality of care. Information is also provided on how clinical records may be needed in the future, and the risks associated with minimal or absent documentation. The role of documentation as a risk management strategy, to meet legal requirements, and to assist in providing high-quality care are each addressed. Specific guidance is provided on the needed components of effective documentation.
It Is Best to Provide Minimal Information When a Referral Source Requests Information About a Client
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

It is a common occurrence for mental health practitioners to receive requests for information about clients from their referral sources. Concerns about safeguarding each client’s confidentiality may result in a misunderstanding about how to respond to these requests. This chapter addresses mental health professionals’ ethical, legal, and clinical obligations to both their clients and referral sources. How to address these obligations so that clients’ best interests are served is explained. This includes discussing the role of the informed consent process with clients, educating referral sources on confidentiality obligations, and explaining how to work collaboratively with other treatment providers, so that client treatment is coordinated. Client expectations, diversity issues, striking a balance between competing needs, and applying a thoughtful decision-making process to determine which information to share and how to best share it are all addressed.
If I Receive a Subpoena I Should Turn Over the Client’s Records Immediately, or Be Prepared for Serious Legal Consequences
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

Receiving a subpoena or court order are among the most stressful and potentially confusing events for mental health practitioners. This chapter explains the private practitioner’s obligations when receiving a subpoena, important steps to take before releasing client records or answering questions about a client’s treatment, and how to respond in a manner that does not jeopardize the client’s rights or welfare. The various types of subpoenas are explained, the practitioner’s actual obligations and options for responding are reviewed, and the steps to take to incorporate the client’s wishes and best interests are addressed. Recommendations are provided for how to prepare for the possibility of receiving a subpoena regarding any current or former client, the role of legal and risk-management consultation in these matters, and how consultants may assist clinicians to protect themselves and their clients’ interests while complying with legal obligations.
Client Records Should Be Destroyed Once the Client Leaves Treatment or Dies
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

Knowing what to do with client records can be a challenge for mental health practitioners. Those in private practice will need to make these decisions themselves given that they cannot rely on a records office or some other entity found in many agencies and hospitals. This chapter addresses each mental health practitioner’s ethical, legal, and clinical obligations with regard to assessment and treatment records when the professional relationship ends. How to store records, when and how to destroy them, confidentiality requirements, and legal obligations are each addressed. Further, the role of treatment records beyond one’s work with clients is explained to assist clinicians in best meeting former clients’ ongoing mental health treatment needs. The importance of maintaining treatment records as a risk management strategy should complaints be received at a later date is explained.
Private Practice Is a Solitary Pursuit
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

Private practice in mental health care is a rather solitary pursuit. Although mental health private practice may be a greatly rewarding experience, it brings with it a number of challenges that must be addressed to ensure clinical competence and effectiveness. This chapter addresses how consultation and collaboration with colleagues can be of benefit from a business perspective, from a clinical standpoint, and for the clinician’s own well-being. Numerous examples are provided to illustrate the potential risks associated with professional isolation and the many likely benefits associated with active and appropriate consultation with colleagues. The use of colleagues for office sharing to reduce expenses, for clinical consultation to provide better client care, and for emotional support are explained. The risk of developing burnout as a private mental health practitioner is explained and how the use of colleagues can help prevent it is illustrated.
As a Professional, I Don’t Need to Worry About Self-Care
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. , Zimmerman Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

All mental health professionals are at risk for developing symptoms of burnout and other stress-related difficulties over time. The practice of mental health can be very challenging and demanding. Mental health clinicians bring with them their own histories of emotional vulnerabilities, and they experience challenges and difficulties in their personal lives. These factors can combine to place mental health clinicians at risk for experiencing problems with professional competence and judgment. This chapter explains these challenges and risks as well as the role ongoing self-care can play to prevent these difficulties. Self-care is explained, and examples are provided to illustrate the range of actions one may take to maintain ongoing wellness and competence. Risk factors and blind spots are highlighted, potential pitfalls to avoid are reviewed, and recommendations for addressing these proactively are provided.
Positive Psychotherapy
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Seligman Martin
Published: January 2019

Positive psychotherapy (PPT) is a therapeutic endeavor within positive psychology that aims to alleviate symptomatic stress by way of enhancing well-being. Traditional psychotherapy does a good job of making clients feel, for example, less depressed or less anxious, but the well-being of clients is not an explicit goal. Positive psychology studies the conditions and processes that enable individuals, communities, and institutions to flourish. PPT integrates symptoms with strengths, risks with resources, weaknesses with values, and regrets with hopes, in order to understand the inherent complexities of human experience in a balanced way. This workbook contains 15 chapters (plus an introduction and conclusion) to correspond with the skills and practices clients learn in session. Each session focuses on one or more practice; every chapter also includes three things to know about the main topic, worksheets, reflection and discussion points, and “in real life” client stories. Each chapter also includes a list of relevant books, videos, and websites related to the issues discussed in the chapter.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Military–Civilian Partnership to Train Mental Health Specialists
Authors: Simpson Scott A , Goodwin Matthew , Thurstone Christian
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Mental health specialists (MHS, or 68X) play a central role in meeting the growing demand for combat stress care among Service Members. Partnering with civilian institutions may enhance the MHS training experience beyond Advanced Individual Training (AIT).

Methods

We describe a novel military–civilian collaboration to train U.S. Army Reserve MHS’s in the psychiatric emergency service (PES) of a public, safety-net hospital. Details of implementation are described. The training rotation was evaluated after 1 year through a comprehensive chart abstraction of patients seen as well as surveys of MHS’s and civilian partners.

Results

The roles of MHS and physician officers in this rotation are described. Over 9 days in the PES, the MHS team evaluated 26 patients. MHS’s described a high-quality training environment (83% rated very good or excellent) in which they frequently saw high-risk patients relevant to military practice. Experience with a certain patient presentation was correlated with comfort assessing and managing that presentation (p < 0.01). Many civilian staff (40%) felt the PES operated better with the presence of the Army team and 50% of civilians agreed their impression of the U.S. Army Reserve improved as a result of the partnership. Hundred percent of specialists and 80% of civilians reported very good to excellent rapport between military and civilian staff. Two civilian respondents (11%) expressed concern that the military team’s presence impeded patient care.

Conclusion

This is the first military–civilian training collaboration for behavioral health specialists, who have already completed AIT. This program provided well-received and mission-relevant training for MHS’s without notable adverse effects on patient care or team functioning in a civilian environment. Our findings are based on a small sample size, and no other such programs exist against which to compare these results. We propose that such educational partnerships, which have long been effective for other clinical specialists, may benefit the military, civilian communities, and the country.
Twist-driven separation of p-type and n-type dopants in single-crystalline nanowires
Authors: Zhang Dong-Bo , Zhao Xing-Ju , Seifert Gotthard , Tse Kinfai , Zhu Junyi
Published: January 2019

The distribution of dopants significantly influences the properties of semiconductors, yet effective modulation and separation of p-type and n-type dopants in homogeneous materials remain challenging, especially for nanostructures. Employing a bond orbital model with supportive atomistic simulations, we show that axial twisting can substantially modulate the radial distribution of dopants in Si nanowires (NWs) such that dopants of smaller sizes than the host atom prefer atomic sites near the NW core, while dopants of larger sizes are prone to staying adjacent to the NW surface. We attribute such distinct behaviors to the twist-induced inhomogeneous shear strain in NW. With this, our investigation on codoping pairs further reveals that with proper choices of codoping pairs, e.g. B and Sb, n-type and p-type dopants can be well separated along the NW radial dimension. Our findings suggest that twisting may lead to realizations of p–n junction configuration and modulation doping in single-crystalline NWs.
Correlation Between Tenofovir Drug Levels and the Renal Biomarkers RBP-4 and ß2M in the ION-4 Study Cohort
Authors: Chan Austin , Park Lawrence , Collins Lauren F , Cooper Curtis , Saag Michael , Dieterich Douglas , Sulkowski Mark , Naggie Susanna
Published: January 2019

Background

Concomitant dosing of ledipasvir (LDV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) results in an increased tenofovir (TFV) area under the curve (AUC). The aim of this study was to examine whether there was a correlation between the renal biomarkers retinol binding protein–4 (RBP-4) and β2 microglobulin (β2M) and tenofovir AUC.

Methods

The ION-4 trial enrolled HIV/hepatitis C virus–coinfected patients on nonpharmacologically boosted antiretroviral regimens with TDF-containing backbones. We assessed for a correlation between tenofovir AUC and urinary biomarkers and also for changes in serologic biomarkers with respect to clinically relevant changes in renal function (creatinine clearance decrease >25%, change in creatinine >0.2 mg/dL, change in proteinuria from negative/trace to ≥1+).

Results

Three hundred thirty-five patients were enrolled in the ION-4 study; their demographic characteristics have been previously described. Both RBP-4 and β2M exhibited positive correlations with tenofovir AUC. Baseline and study levels of RBP-4 and β2M were higher for patients with increases in urine proteinuria and an absolute creatinine increase.

Conclusions

TFV exposure is associated with increased proximal tubule urine biomarkers in participants on ledipasvir/sofosbuvir and nonpharmacologically boosted TDF-based antiretroviral regimens. Baseline proximal tubule biomarkers may predict nephrotoxicity risk if events are prevalent. Further studies assessing the predictive role of these urine biomarkers may help guide medical decision-making and risk/benefit assessments in patients with risk factors for renal dysfunction.
Computational Approaches to Human Performance in Moderate and Extreme Settings
Authors: Trujillo Logan T.
Published: January 2019

The field of human factors studies the interaction between humans and technological systems in order to optimize human–system performance, research that has traditionally been focused on observation and experiment in laboratory and real-world settings. However, a multidisciplinary subfield of human factors called human performance modeling has recently emerged that involves the development and application of mathematical models, computer simulation techniques, and computational data analysis methods to the study of human performance. This chapter provides an introduction to the use of computational modeling, simulation, and analysis techniques in human factors research, with an eye toward how such methods may be used to optimize human performance in extreme settings.
Trial Stages
Authors: Margulies Ivone
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Rithy Pahn’s S21: The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine and its disturbing tableaus featuring the ex-guards of S21 reenacting acts of torture and reciting documents extracted under duress at the very site where these atrocities were committed. Following an interest in the dissonant effects of spare, empty sites, this chapter explores the affinity between contemporary reenactment film and juridical and psychoanalytic discourse; it considers the theatrical effects of the perpetrators’ affectless behavior in relation to notions of traumatic reenactment, and it posits, through close readings of a number of scenes, a parajuridical aesthetics based on a triangulation between performance, recitation, and a narrating figure that serves as judge/professor. Panh’s articulation of an indicting, evidentiary structure and of a disturbing witnessing position for the viewer are analyzed in contrast to documentaries made around and about the International Court of Cambodjian Crimes, including juridical reconstructions at the site.
Introduction
Authors: Luke Christina
Published: January 2019

This chapter frames the primary themes in the book through an investigation of the international landscape that shapes not only Turkish agendas but also the protocols of foreigners conducting research in-country. The area under study, which expands from the urban core of Izmir into the heart of the middle Gediz Valley, is presented through the lens of the policies, institutions, and funding mechanisms from the late nineteenth century to the present day analyzed in the book. I argue that entanglements of environmental activism, preservation politics, and the transformative futuristic landscape modifications are both disruptive and connective. The politicking that occurs when big industry confronts heritage spaces reveals contentious and strategic components of social agendas and identity politics embedded in diplomacy and cultural sovereignty. This introductory section explores these concepts and then summarizes each chapter.
Preference in Paris
Authors: Luke Christina
Published: January 2019

The pursuit of knowledge, cultural relations and diplomatic practice are discussed in this chapter in the context of the Treaty of Sèvres, the framing the League of Nations, and the role of early twentieth-century philanthropy and academia. The boundaries of where European and US scholars and businessmen penetrated Anatolia are defined as much by the lure of antiquity, recalling the vision of the Megali Idea, as by political posturing and economic gain embedded in the Wilsonian agenda. I trace the strategic diplomacy of the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA), Learned Societies, and two members of the Princeton Expedition to Sardis, Howard Crosby Butler and William Hepburn Buckler, during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference and the Turkish War of Independence. I argue that colonial networks writ large framed the nineteenth-century Western gaze of entitlement that underwrote duplicitous claims to Anatolian soil between 1919 and 1922.
Open Intelligence
Authors: Luke Christina
Published: January 2019

From the League of Nations’ International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC) to the urban and rural planning of Le Corbusier and his colleagues, governments explored modernist templates and programs of social engineering, such as those presented in the Russian five-year plans and the United States Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). In this chapter, I investigate interwar and Cold War heritage through the lens of Izmir’s Kültürpark and the technopolitics of the Aegean-TVA. Grafted onto the face of the Gediz basin, the industrial heritage of the Demirköprü hydroelectric dam and irrigation infrastructure represents a window into the strategic nature of US foreign assistance to Turkey. Pivotal figures such as Ismet Inönü, Fezvi Lufti Karaosmanoğlu and Süleyman Demirel are discussed, as is the American consulting firm Tippetts, Abbett, McCarthy, and Stratton (TAMS).
Diplomatic Deliverables
Authors: Luke Christina
Published: January 2019

US assistance programs under the 1954 Agricultural Trade and Assistance Act (Public Law 480) put excess currency toward archaeology. “Winning hearts and minds” included the preservation and rehabilitation of historical monuments in-situ. These open-air museums represented a US commitment to research and tourism infrastructure. Yet, the branding and prestige of Egypt’s Abu Simbel broke the bank and led to a major shift in US policy that cut future funding for archaeological fieldwork. This chapter analyzes the correspondence of Lucius Battle at the US Department of State and US representative to UNESCO, as well as archaeologists Dr. George Hanfmann of Harvard University and director at Sardis and Dr. A. Henry Detweiler of Cornell University and president of the ASOR. I demonstrate the catastrophic consequences of the US Congressional decision for the Archaeological Exploration of Sardis and their vision to realize one of the largest restoration programs in Turkey at the time: the reconstruction of the Bath Gymnasium and Marble Court.
Time Will Tell
Authors: Riess Jones Mari
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides an overview of the book. It addresses major themes and terms such as synchrony, entrainment, and driving and driven rhythms, all of which are likely to be novel to the intended reading audience. The basic ideas that underlie the dynamic attending involving modes of synchrony, manifest in entrainment, are sketched. For each chapter, certain relevant constructs are previewed and briefly described. This chapter also outlines the rationale for developing a dynamic approach to attending. This involves providing contrasting view of attention that are currently prominent in psychology. Finally, this chapter provides a brief outline of each chapter in the book and discusses the rationale for its organization.
The Tunable Brain
Authors: Riess Jones Mari
Published: January 2019

This chapter introduces some elementary entrainment concepts such as phase space, phase portrait, bifurcation, and attractors. Limit cycle oscillations are introduced. It also provides a simplified overview of cortical activities in the human brain. It introduces concepts related to the synchrony between a pair of oscillations (endogenous entrainment), including examples of mode-locking synchronicities. Furthermore, it discusses the possibility of synchronous activities among whole configurations of cortical oscillations. The main aim of this chapter is to show the potential of brain oscillations to entrain to one another in various ways (modes of synchrony). Hence, a variety of forms of endogenous entrainment are discussed. Finally, the concept of attractors as abstract states of synchrony to which neighboring nonsynchronous states are drawn is introduced.
Generating Inequalities
Authors: Tomaskovic-Devey Donald , Avent-Holt Dustin
Published: January 2019

This book introduces relational inequality theory (RIT). RIT builds on a foundation of social relationships, organizations, and the intersectional complexity and fluidity that characterize social life. The argument is organized around three generic inequality-generating mechanisms—exploitation, social closure, and claims-making. The actual levels and contours of the inequalities produced by these three mechanisms are, however, profoundly contingent on the institutional fields in which organizations operate and their internal intersectional dynamics. RIT is contrasted to status attainment theory in sociology, human capital and neoclassical models in economics, as well as heterodox economics and more institutional political economy approaches to inequality. The chapter concludes with an outline of the scientific advantages of relational models of action.
Relational Inequality Theory
Authors: Tomaskovic-Devey Donald , Avent-Holt Dustin
Published: January 2019

This chapter is an introduction to relational inequality theory (RIT). In RIT resources are generated and pool in organizations. Actors with legitimated claims gain access to those resources. Some people and potential trading partners are denied access to organizational resources through processes of social closure. Others appropriate organizational resources based on their ability to exploit weaker actors in production and exchange relationships. Actors are more or less powerful in these claims-making processes to the extent that they have cultural, status, and material advantages in resource-distributing relationships. These power-generating resources tend to be associated with categorical distinctions such as ownership, occupation, gender, education, citizenship, and race. Which categorical distinctions are the basis for claims-making are institutionally and organizationally variable. Markets as well as institutional fields influence, but do not determine, action and opportunities. Rather, actors use cultural and other tools to invent local strategies of action.
Introduction
Authors: Brown Richard H.
Published: January 2019

The introduction to this study explores the notion of audiovisuality as it pertains to John Cage’s interaction with avant-garde filmmakers. Moving from the corporeal notion of Cage’s “everyday awareness,” audiovisuality is akin to the lived phenomenal experience. Artworks expressing such an awareness point to our understanding of the self and the lived experience. Such a framework allows for the exploration of a number of issues concerning “Cage Studies,” the flood of academic literature from the past two decades that has attempted to situate Cage’s complex aesthetic stances within 20th- and 21st-century theories of history.
Losing the Ground
Authors: Brown Richard H.
Published: January 2019

This chapter centers on the relationships between acoustic projection and cinematic space. I start with Cage’s rhetoric on the medium of magnetic tape as the second transformation of sound materiality. Building on Julia Robinson’s notion of “symbolic investiture,” I survey the divided interpretations of Cage’s platform between musicologists that decode his music according to style analysis that established a compositional logic for his move to indeterminacy and the larger debate among art historians on the split between Neo-Avant-Garde and Abstract Expressionist aesthetics. I argue that Cage’s interaction with film and filmmakers provides a meeting ground for these debates within cinematic space in two films: Cage’s score for the Herbert Matter documentary on sculptor Alexander Calder and colleague Morton Feldman’s score for the Hans Namuth and Paul Falkenberg documentary on Abstract Expressionist painter Jackson Pollock. Both artists saw these commissions as opportunities to formalize connections between their compositional approaches to sound and the visual approach to space, kinetic movement, and ground revealed in the time-based poetics of the moving image. Last, I examine a film collaboration I discovered with the sculptor Richard Lippold that documented his monumental wire sculpture, “The Sun,” in which Cage and Lippold applied chance procedures to the editing process. Lippold’s commission came about as a result of his split with the so-called Irascible 18 collective of New York artists, and the history of its commission and reception reflects both an ideological divide on the materiality of sculpture and larger postwar McCarthy-era politics of passivity and resistance.
“Cinema Delimina”
Authors: Brown Richard H.
Published: January 2019

This chapter converges on the sound-in-film/sound-on-film dichotomy, when Cage revised his aesthetic stance on multimedia sound-system assemblages in the 1960s. Framed around a conference panel in 1967 at the University of Cincinnati, Cinema Now, in which Cage discussed the current state of Underground Cinema in the United States, this chapter outlines Cage’s interaction with the “two Stans,” Stan Brakhage and Stan VanDerBeek, culminating in a detailed critique of Cage’s 1965 immersive interactive multimedia work, Variations V. The chapter begins with a detailed reading of the fundamental tenets of Cage’s negative aesthetic set forth in his seminal publication, Silence (1961), exploring its implications for multimedia and intermedia theories in the 1960s. Two competing poles of interpretation of Cage’s theories surrounding chance and indeterminacy emerged from the first post-Cage generation. The first sought out a reduction of the artwork to its base materials in an act of contraction, whereas the second reached for the opposite, a total expansion of individual medium-specific artworks in a monumental Gesamtkunstwerk, epitomized by Stan VanDerBeek’s theories of expanded cinema and intermedia.
Must Politics Be War?
Authors: Vallier Kevin
Published: January 2019

Americans are far less likely to trust their institutions, and one another, than in decades past. This collapse in social and political trust arguably inspires our increasingly ferocious ideological conflicts and hardened partisanship. Many believe that our previously high levels of trust and bipartisanship were a pleasant anomaly and that today we live under the historic norm. For politics itself is nothing more than a struggle for power between groups with irreconcilable aims. Contemporary American politics is war because political life as such is war. This book argues that our shared liberal democratic institutions have the unique capacity to sustain social and political trust between diverse persons. Constitutional rights and democratic governance prevent any one faith or ideology from dominating the rest, and so protect each person’s freedom to live according to her values and principles. Illiberal arrangements, where one group’s faith or ideology reigns, turn those who disagree into unwilling subversives, persons with little reason to trust their regime or to be trustworthy in obeying it. Liberal arrangements, in contrast, incentivize trust and trustworthiness because they protect the conscience of all, and so allow people with diverse and divergent ends to act from conviction. Diverse people become trustworthy because they can all obey the rules of their society without acting against their ideals. A liberal society is thereby one at moral peace with a politics that is not war.
Trust and the Foundations of Public Justification
Authors: Vallier Kevin
Published: January 2019

This chapter explains the great value found in a society where social trust is both high and grounded in the trustworthy behavior of all. It explains how social trust can be freely and respectfully sustained even under conditions of deep viewpoint diversity. Social trust has value in promoting social cooperation, economic development, and relations of love and friendship. But social trust cannot be grounded in recognizing these goods alone, as it must be based in observing the trustworthy behavior of others, and on respect for other persons within a system of trust. Toward this end, the chapter introduces two arguments, the argument from trustworthiness and the argument from accountability, which explain how social trust can be respectfully sustained and why the idea of public justification is essential for sustaining social trust in the right way.
Primary Rights
Authors: Vallier Kevin
Published: January 2019

The ideas of moral peace, a system of trust, and public justification explain the need for a legal system that corrects and stabilizes moral rules that form the basis for social trust. Legal rules gain authority when they improve upon the system of moral rules. But some of society’s moral commitments merit protection over and above the law by constitutional rules that govern the ratification, reform, and repeal of laws. This chapter develops an account of the most fundamental constraints on justifiable constitutional rules—primary rights. Primary rights are rights that anyone with a rational plan of life would want for herself to pursue her conception of the good and justice, and ones she is willing to extend to others on reciprocal terms. These rights merit moral, legal, and constitutional protection, and begin the process of constitutional choice.
Constitutional Choice
Authors: Vallier Kevin
Published: January 2019

The previous chapter argued that a publicly justified legal system must identify and protect a scheme of publicly justified primary rights. But even a rights-protecting legal system needs help in realizing its social functions because we sometimes need to ratify, repeal, or reform the law. Toward this end, chapter 6 develops a three-stage model for how to choose constitutional rules that govern the shape of the law. Constitutional rules are publicly justified under three conditions. They must identify and protect a system of primary rights. They must then manage errors in the imposition of law, minimizing the passage of unjustified law and the failure to pass publicly justified law. Finally, constitutional rules must be self-stabilizing in the sense that they can both maintain themselves in existence despite external shocks from self-interested actors and provide assurance of cooperation to those who usually comply with the laws that constitutional rules produce.
Liberalism Justified
Authors: Vallier Kevin
Published: January 2019

This chapter argues that only broadly liberal institutions can be publicly justified. Some citizens will have sufficient reason to reject nonliberal rights schemas, as well as the constitutional and legal rules that institutionalize those schemas. But because liberal constitutional rights can be publicly justified to a diverse public, these liberal rights can sustain social trust in the right way. Thus, a society that protects liberal rights establishes moral peace and a politics that is not war. This chapter uses a thin veil of ignorance to locate specific classes of publicly justified primary rights. These rights fall into five classes: rights of agency, associational rights, jurisdictional rights, procedural rights, and international rights. The chapter ends by developing an associated conception of social justice and explains how rights should be built into a publicly justified constitution.
Epilogue
Authors: Vallier Kevin
Published: January 2019

THIS BOOK ASKS WHETHER politics under conditions of deep diversity must be institutionalized aggression—war—between opposing groups. As we have seen, a regime of liberal constitutional rights can be publicly justified. It can serve as the basis of social trust and so, over time, form moral peace between persons. In a liberal regime, politics will be a process of public negotiation among persons who profoundly disagree but who are still able to trust one another to act according to their shared moral and political constitutions....
The Eudemian Theogony and Early Orphic Poetry
Authors: Meisner Dwayne A.
Published: January 2019

The third chapter is about a theogony that had been known to the philosopher Eudemus (fourth century BC), and all of the other fragments that modern scholars have associated with this theogony. The Neoplatonist Damascius (fifth century AD) says that the theogony started with Night, but modern scholars have tried to link this to other early fragments of Orphic poetry. This chapter discusses Aristophanes in the first section, and Plato and Aristotle in the second section, arguing that their scattered references to Orphic poems might not have been from the same theogony. The third section introduces the Orphic Hymn(s) to Zeus that appear in different variations, the earliest of which are from around the same time as these other fragments. The fourth section suggests that early Orphic fragments about Demeter and Dionysus are not from the Eudemian theogony.
Dionysus in the Rhapsodies
Authors: Meisner Dwayne A.
Published: January 2019

Because the narrative of Dionysus being killed by the Titans has been considered by many to be the central myth of Orphism, the sixth chapter focuses entirely on the presentation of Dionysus in the Rhapsodies, and places this narrative in its literary context as an episode in the theogonic narrative. The first section discusses the modern debate on the importance of Dionysus to Orphic myth, and the second section discusses ancient interpretations, including a lengthy explanation of how Dionysus fit into Neoplatonic allegory. The third section offers an interpretation of the narrative that removes it from considerations on its importance to Orphism as a whole to see how it fits in the Rhapsodic theogony, and concludes that the story of Dionysus and the Titans is as much about the theogonic role of Zeus in the Rhapsodies as it is about Dionysus.
Conclusion
Authors: Meisner Dwayne A.
Published: January 2019

The conclusion suggests that there are three types of Orphic activities: telestic Orphism, associated with early Orphic literature and its use in ritual; literary Orphism, associated with the proliferation of Orphic literature in the Hellenistic Period and beyond; and interpretive Orphism, associated especially with the apologists and Neoplatonists who viewed Orphic poetry as central to an understanding of Greek myth. The main four points of the book are reiterated: that Orphic poetry was influenced by Near Eastern myth, was a fluid and diverse tradition, was engaged in the discourse between myth and philosophy, and was concerned with Phanes and Zeus no less than Dionysus.
Visual Metaphor and Embodiment in Graphic Illness Narratives
Authors: El Refaie Elisabeth
Published: January 2019

This study uses the analysis of visual metaphor in 35 graphic illness narratives—book-length stories about disease in the comics medium—in order to re-examine embodiment in traditional Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and propose the more nuanced notion of “dynamic embodiment.” Building on recent strands of research within CMT, and drawing on relevant concepts and findings from other disciplines, including psychology, phenomenology, social semiotics, and media theory, the book develops the argument that the experience of one’s own body is constantly adjusting to changes in one’s individual state of health, sociocultural practices, and the activities in which one is engaged at any given moment, including the modes and media that are being used to communicate. This leads to a more fluid and variable relationship between physicality and metaphor use than many CMT scholars assume. For example, representing the experience of cancer through the graphic illness narrative genre draws attention to the unfathomable processes going on beneath the body’s visible surface, particularly now that digital imaging technologies play such a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. This may lead to a reversal of conventional conceptualizations of knowing and understanding in terms of seeing, so that vision itself becomes the target of metaphorical representations. A novel classification system of visual metaphor, based on a three-way distinction between pictorial, spatial, and stylistic metaphors, is also proposed.
Introduction
Authors: El Refaie Elisabeth
Published: January 2019

The Introduction sets out the book’s central theoretical concerns regarding the relationship between embodiment and metaphor, and presents the original concept of “dynamic embodiment,” using a page from a graphic illness narrative about Parkinson’s disease as an example. Dynamic embodiment refers to the idea that people’s relationship with their own bodies is never fixed and stable; rather, it is constantly shifting and changing in response to the aging process, physical or mental ill health, and the adoption of new bodily practices, including different ways of communicating. This chapter also introduces the argument that there are, in fact, three distinct forms of the phenomenon that is often subsumed under the collective term “visual metaphor,” namely pictorial, spatial, and stylistic metaphor. The data set and methods of analysis of the study are described and justified, and an outline of the five main chapters and the conclusion is provided.
Reanimating the Body in Conceptual Metaphor Theory
Authors: El Refaie Elisabeth
Published: January 2019

This chapter critically reviews the traditional notion of embodiment in Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), arguing that it is characterized by a somewhat inflexible view of the way the human body shapes one’s thinking. Probing more recent developments in CMT, including dynamic systems approaches and cross-cultural studies of metaphor, and confronting these with key theories from phenomenology, psychology, social semiotics, and media theory, the original notion of dynamic embodiment is developed. Accordingly, the degree to which people draw on their own bodies when producing and interpreting metaphors depends not only on the cultural practices and the specific actions in which they are engaged at any given moment, but also on the degree to which they are consciously aware of their physicality, as well as the affordances of the modes and media they are using to communicate.
Dynamic Embodiment and the Graphic Illness Narrative Genre
Authors: El Refaie Elisabeth
Published: January 2019

This chapter argues that some genres are more centrally concerned with the body than others, and that each genre exploits the affordances of its modes and media in unique ways. Thus, graphic illness narratives are characterized not only by their focus on the physical, social, and emotional impacts of disease, but also by their innovative use of the tools and materials of the comics medium, including inherent tensions between words and images, and between sequence and layout. These features impose particular constraints and offer unique opportunities to artists, influencing their choice of metaphors and the shape these metaphors take. For example, in many such works the expected direction of metaphorical transfer from sensorimotor experience to more abstract concepts is reversed, as the diseased body and the nature of visual perception are foregrounded in the artist’s consciousness.
A Tripartite Taxonomy of Visual Metaphor in Graphic Illness Narratives
Authors: El Refaie Elisabeth
Published: January 2019

This chapter uses the analysis of 35 graphic illness narratives to identify the various forms that visual metaphor may take in this genre. A novel tripartite classification system that distinguishes between pictorial, spatial, and stylistic metaphors is proposed. Pictorial metaphors, which use images of concrete animate or inanimate objects to stand for something else, have received a lot of scholarly attention in recent years, but this study offers the first systematic description of the other two types of visual metaphor. Spatial metaphors exploit the relative size, arrangement, and orientation of elements on the page to convey more abstract meanings, whereas in the case of stylistic metaphors, features such as color, shape, level of detail, and quality of line are used to indicate an abstract concept or a nonvisual sense perception. These three categories can be further subdivided, and in many instances several distinct types of metaphor are used in combination.