bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in English Teaching and Learning in Colombia
Authors: Del Toro Zaily Patricia , Mercado Ana Carolina , Manjarres Milton Pájaro , Noriega Luis Fernando , Watts Willington , Sanchez Milton Lopez
Published: March 2019

This article presents a reflection on the educational scenario that permeates the teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL) in its political, methodological, didactic, curricular and investigative dimensions. A description of the current English reading comprehension level in the national context is presented. On the other hand, from a transformative conception in which educational practices must be developed, different elements aiming to the development of formative practices are explored. This is achieved, with the active participation of all the subjects that participate in the educational process by conducting research, which plays a fundamental role that contributes to achieve the emancipation of human beings and the transformation of the environment where they live.

Furthermore, this article invites readers to think about and transform the pedagogical practices that are around the teaching of English as a foreign language in Colombia, Latin America and the whole world. This is possible to be achieved, from a resignification of the curriculum and emerging didactics, focused on research and the multidimensionality of human beings.
A Comparison of Ninth-Grade Students’ States of Self-Esteem and Decision-Making with Respect to Their Levels of Physical Activity
Authors: Soytürk Mümine , Öztürk Özden Tepeköylü
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to compare ninth-grade students’ states of self-esteem and decision-making with regard to their levels of physical activity. A total of 374 students, of whom 205 were female and 169 were male (x(age)=15.22±0.414), selected by convenience sampling from four different high schools determined by purposive sampling, participated voluntarily in the study. The research was designed in the general survey model as a causal-comparative study. In the study, the “Personal Decisiveness Scale” (PDS), “Self-Esteem Scale” (SES), “International Physical Activity Questionnaire” (IPAQ, short form) and Personal Information Form were used as data collection tools. In the data analysis, one-way ANOVA (Tukey), Kruskal-Wallis H test, 2x3 MANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were used. Type 1 error was set to 5% (α≤0.05). Exploratory indecisiveness and impetuous indecisiveness scores were found to be highly positively correlated, while both indecisiveness scores were found to be moderately positively correlated with self-respect. Regarding physical activity levels, levels of self-esteem among the Science High School students were found to be significantly higher in the HEPA (health-enhancing physical activity) group than in the inactive and minimally active groups. It was determined that students at the Social Sciences High School had lower self-esteem scores and higher impetuous indecisiveness scores than students from all the other high schools, and that they had higher exploratory indecisiveness scores than students from the Science High School. Students who engaged in regular physical activity had higher levels of self-esteem than those who did not, while females had higher levels of exploratory indecisiveness than males. Exploratory indecisiveness scores were found to be significantly lower among those who engaged in team sports compared to those who did individual sports. In conclusion, regarding the negative relationship between indecisiveness and self-esteem, it can be said that high levels of physical activity increase the self-esteem of students at higher academic levels, that students in Social Sciences High Schools need to be supported with more physical activity, and that females and those doing individual sports have higher levels of exploratory indecisiveness.
Does Market Orientation Impact Customer Satisfaction? Evidence from the Banking Industry in Uganda
Authors: Isaiah Kato M. I.
Published: March 2019

Market orientation is considered a strategy designed to creating greater value for customers. This requires designing marketing strategies to better satisfy customers’ needs. However, very few business organizations in Uganda have adopted market orientation, particularly the banking industry. Some commercial banks’ customers continue to express their dissatisfaction over the quality of service delivered by some banks to meet their desires. Although scholars have developed interest in market orientation and customer satisfaction, academic and empirical studies particularly in Uganda are insufficient. This paper is intended to establish the correlation between market orientation and customer satisfaction in the banking industry. Data from 175 personal and corporate banking customers of Stanbic Bank Uganda Ltd was collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The findings of this study reveal a substantial effect of market orientation on customer satisfaction.
Funding Innovations for Sustainable Growth in Emerging Markets
Authors: Neubert Michael
Published: March 2019

This study aims to understand the impact of fundraising innovations on sustainable growth in emerging markets. It opted for a multiple-case study research design using different sources of evidence, including nineteen semi-structured interviews. The subject matter experts (SMEs) were selected using a purposive selection method. The theoretical framework of Porter and Kramer is used. The results suggest that crowdinvesting, initial coin offerings, and accelerators might facilitate sustainable growth of private equity and venture capital markets in Africa due to entrepreneurial ecosystems and networks. The findings are relevant for founders and investors. The study contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial finance in emerging markets.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PORE SPACE IN LOWER TRIASSIC SANDSTONES OF THE WARSAW REGION
Authors: KUBERSKA Marta , BECKER Anna , KOZŁOWSKA Aleksandra
Published: March 2019

Reservoir and sealing properties of Lower Triassic sandstones from seven boreholes of the central part of the Koszalin-Zamość Synclinorium were investigated in terms of potential levels for underground storage of carbon dioxide. Extensive petrographic studies, image analysis, and investigations of petrophysical properties of rocks and pore space were carried out. The research shows that diagenetic processes both variously affected the intensity of alteration and variously shaped the pore space. Not only primary but also secondary porosity, resulting from diagenetic alteration and dissolution, is observed in the rocks. Microscopic observations revealed that the pore space in studied samples is dominated by macropores. The results obtained indicate a poor suitability of the Lower Triassic deposits for the purpose of carbon dioxide sequestration.
SIGNIFICANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Klepacka Anna Maria
Published: March 2019

Sustainable energy development implies an effective use of economic, human, technological, and renewable and non-renewable natural resources. The gradual process of natural environment degradation and the inevitable exhaustion of natural fossil fuel deposits force the search for alternatives. A comparison of alternative opportunities to generate energy allows to identify their advantages and drawbacks. The article attempts a systematic review of factors ‘in favour of’ and ‘against’ the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in accordance with the principle of sustainable development. The study applies descriptive methods, including comparisons. CSO and ERO were the sources of data for 1988- 2018. According to the sustainable development principles, investments in renewable energy need to be widely promoted and supported by the state, especially in rural areas. The attempt to systematise factors contributing to the use of renewable energy resulted in identification of: the importance of economic circumstances and the traditional approach to the energy sector; the need to protect the natural environment by the reduction of pollution and mitigation of the greenhouse effect; the need for continuing education of the society on the implementation and fast development of technology and the desire to enhance self-reliance and independence in energy supply with the special consideration of rural areas.
Didaktik för naturvetenskap och hållbar utveckling - Fem former av demokratiskt deltagande
 Education for science and Sustainable Development - Four forms of Democratic Participation.
Authors: Lundegård Iann , Caiman Cecilia
Published: March 2019

Education is often argued as crucial to reverse development towards a more fair and sustainable world. This article uses a wide range of research and literature in the field of education for sustainable development, to discuss an educational, ‘didactic’, framework on areas in the intersection between science, technology and society. First, the introduction outlines an overview of the nature of the issue and its relevance. This is followed by a theoretical approach to education and learning that puts the democratic teaching processes at centre. Finally, based on this we present the framework, "Five didactic forms of participation", focusing on student participation in deliberation, agency, creativity, criticism and authenticity as well as recommendations for, research and further development of education in these areas.
O ESCRITOR, DENTRO/FORA: NOTAS ACERCA DA AUTORIA NAS NARRATIVAS DE BERNARDO CARVALHO E JULIÁN FUKS.
Authors: Carreira Shirley De Souza Gomes , Oliveira Paulo César Silva de
Published: March 2019

Este artigo trata da questão da imagem do autor a partir da análise crítica dos romances Simpatia pelo demônio, de Bernardo Carvalho, e A resistência, de Julián Fuks. Inicialmente, investigaremos o problema do autor em algumas referências teóricas essenciais à discussão da autoria, seja recuperando alguns pressupostos mais clássicos dos Estudos Literários ou atualizando a reflexão em torno do nome e das práticas sócio-discursivas que legitimam os autores. Bernardo Carvalho e Julián Fuks nos provocam a pensar as questões de tempo, espaço e memória a partir daquilo que Josefina Ludmer (2014) chama de crítica polifônica, isto é, o pensamento que introduz na história do discurso crítico uma multiplicidade de operações simultâneas demandadas pelos textos. A questão, como se verá nas obras de Carvalho e Fuks, será discutida por meio dessa polifonia crítica, com ênfase na legitimação e patrimonialização do autor no campo intelectual, temas que não dizem respeito somente ao papel do escritor no sistema literário, mas também a uma intensa problematização ficcional que seus textos operam.
SOBRE A NOÇÃO DE PRÁTICAS LINGUAGEIRAS: LUGARES DE EMERGÊNCIA, FILIAÇÕES E FRONTEIRAS
Authors: Rasia Gesualda Dos Santos
Published: March 2019

Este estudo reflete sobre a designação práticas linguageiras, desde uma perspectiva materialista, entendendo-a como a não dissociação entre o campo da práxis e do conhecimento. Considera como o corte encetado pelo Curso de Linguística Geral (CLG), que propôs a dicotomia língua/ fala, abriga de modo contraditório o estatuto social da língua. Essa problemática dialoga com debates que colocam a referida designação sob o escopo de práticas sociais e históricas, considerando o quanto sua circunscrição se dá desde uma perspectiva política dos sentidos. A partir disso são apresentadas filiações e fronteiras da designação em tela em diferentes vertentes dos estudos da linguagem.
A ANÁLISE DE DISCURSO E A CONSTITUIÇÃO DE UMA HISTÓRIA DAS IDEIAS LINGUÍSTICAS DO BRASIL
Authors: Ferreira Ana Cláudia Fernandes
Published: March 2019

Neste trabalho, apresento uma história de uma perspectiva discursiva da História das Ideias Linguísticas no Brasil. Inicialmente, lembro a criação de projetos, disciplinas e linhas de pesquisa no espaço das instituições acadêmicas brasileiras; na sequência, enfatizo a importância de certos conceitos e noções da análise de discurso que contribuíram fortemente para a delimitação de alguns contornos para essa área no espaço brasileiro. Considero que essa área tornou-se ampla, heterogênea e, ao mesmo tempo, produziu seus modos específicos de fazer história nas condições de produção próprias do conhecimento linguístico no Brasil.
SEXISMO LINGUÍSTICO E O PROCESSO DE MANUALIZAÇÃO: A PRESENÇA DO FEMININO E DA MULHER NA LÍNGUA
Authors: Garcia Dantielli Assumpção
Published: March 2019

Neste trabalho, da perspectiva teórica da Análise de Discurso em articulação com a História das Ideias Linguísticas, analisaremos as condições de produção do processo de manualização (PUECH, 1998) de uma linguagem não sexista, feminizada, refletindo acerca da produção de manuais no contexto brasileiro, francês e espanhol.
Ethnologie en contexte muséal
Authors: Provencher St-Pierre Laurence
Published: March 2019

Dans son ouvrageLe Québec pour terrain. Itinéraire d’un missionnaire du patrimoine religieux(2004), l’ethnologue Jean Simard relevait la richesse du patrimoine immatériel des Augustines de l’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec dans un contexte d’abandon généralisé de la pratique religieuse. Quinze ans plus tard, les Augustines de la province proposent aux ethnologues un terrain de recherche renouvelé. Héritières d’un patrimoine culturel immense, elles ont choisi d’assurer la transmission de celui-ci par la création d’un complexe patrimonial novateur incluant un hôtel, un centre d’archives et un musée. En retraçant le développement de la collection du Monastère et les différents types d’objets patrimoniaux qu’on y conserve, cet article propose de s’éloigner de l’image de l’ethnologue « missionnaire du patrimoine » et d’adopter une approche ethnologique du musée en s’intéressant aux pratiques muséales contemporaines et à ses divers acteurs.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals the difference in early endosperm development between maize with different amylose contents
Authors: Qu Zhou Jian , Xu Tu Shu , Tian Kang Xiao , Li Ting , Wang Cheng Li , Zhong Yue Yu , Xue Quan Ji , Guo Wei Dong
Published: March 2019

The endosperm is a crucial organ for seeds that plays vital roles in supporting embryo development and determining seed weight and quality. Starch is the predominant storage carbohydrate of the endosperm and accounts for ~70% of the mature maize kernel weight. Nonetheless, because starch biosynthesis is a complex process that is orchestrated by multiple enzymes, the gene regulatory networks of starch biosynthesis, particularly amylose and amylopectin biosynthesis, have not been fully elucidated. Here, through high-throughput RNA sequencing, we developed a temporal transcriptome atlas of the endosperms of high-amylose maize and common maize at 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-day after pollination and found that 21,986 genes are involved in the programming of the high-amylose maize and common maize endosperm. A coexpression analysis identified multiple sequentially expressed gene sets that are closely correlated cellular and metabolic programs and provided valuable insight into the dynamic reprogramming of the transcriptome in common and high-amylose maize. In addition, a number of genes and transcription factors (TFs) were found to be strongly linked to starch synthesis, which might help elucidate the key mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying amylose and amylopectin biosynthesis. This study will aid the understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and genetic regulation of endosperm development in different types of maize.
Anatomical location of AICA loop in CPA as a prognostic factor for ISSNHL
Authors: Kim Sang Hyub , Ju Yeo Rim , Choi Ji Eun , Jung Jae Yun , Kim Sang Yoon , Lee Min Young
Published: March 2019

The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) is a triangular-shaped space that lies at the junction of the pons and cerebellum. It contains cranial nerves and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). The anatomical shape and location of the AICA is variable within the CPA and internal auditory canal (IAC). A possible etiology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is ischemia of the labyrinthine artery, which is a branch of the AICA. As such, the position of the AICA within the CPA and IAC may be related to the clinical development of ISSNHL. We adopted two methods to classify the anatomic position of the AICA, then analyzed whether these classifications affected the clinical features and prognosis of ISSNHL. We retrospectively reviewed patient data from January 2015 to March 2018. Two established classification methods designed by Cahvada and Gorrie et al. were used. Pure tone threshold at four different frequencies (0.5, 1, 4, and 8 kHz), at two different time points (at initial presentation and three months after treatment), were analyzed. We compared the affected and unaffected ears, and investigated whether there were any differences in hearing recovery and symptoms between the two classification types. There was no difference in AICA types between ears with and without ISSNHL. Patients who had combined symptoms such as tinnitus and vertigo did not show a different AICA distribution compared with patients who did not. There were differences in quantitative hearing improvement between AICA types, although without statistic significance (p = 0.09–0.13). At two frequencies, 1 and 4 kHz, there were differences in Chavda types between hearing improvement and no improvement (p < 0.05). Anatomical variances of the AICA loop position did not affect the incidence of ISSNHL or co-morbid symptoms including tinnitus and vertigo. In contrast, comparisons of hearing improvement based on Chavda type classification showed a statistical difference, with a higher proportion of Chavda type 1 showing improvements in hearing (AICA outside IAC).
An In-silico Pharmacokinetics Study on Cis-Heptadeca-1,9-Diene-4,6-Diyne-3,8-Diol: A Nutraceutical Compound with Anticancer Properties
Authors: Okoli Paul Tobechukwu , Nzute Vivian Chiadikaobi , Durojaye Olanrewaju Ayodeji , Chielo Ogechukwu Henrietta , Ajibo Queensley Chinyere , Udo Solomon Imaga , Ezeh Sandra Munachiso
Published: March 2019

The polyacetylenic compound cis-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyne-3,8-diol with the trivial name of falcarindiol, has been shown through various studies to exhibit anticancer activities. The beneficial effects of polyacetylenes occur at nontoxic concentrations and thus represent pharmacologically useful properties indicating that polyacetylenes may be important nutraceuticals of vegetables. In the human diet, carrots are the major dietary source of falcarinol-type polyacetylenes, in particular falcarinol and falcarindiol. The prediction of physicochemical parameters relevant for drug likeness was performed by computational methods. The Lipinski, Ghose and Veber rules were applied to assess drug likeness and to predict whether the compound is likely to be a bioactive compound according to other important parameters such as molecular weight, LogP, number of hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors. The SwissADME tool used vector machine algorithm (SVM) with fastidiously cleaned large datasets of known inhibitors/non-inhibitors as well as substrates/non-substrates for its predictions. Results from the in silico pharmacokinetics study on falcarindiol showed that the compound exhibited drug likeness characteristics and as such can serve the purpose of an anticancer agent, being a nutaceutical and bioactive component of falcarindiol.
Canonical Correlation Analysis across Vegetation and Soil Properties of the Disturbed and Undisturbed Coastal Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Ligate Elly Josephat , Chen Can
Published: March 2019

This study presents comparative initial information about canonical correlation across forest stand parameters, diversity indices and soil properties in undisturbed forest sites (IFS), agriculture disturbed sites (ADS) and livestock disturbed sites (DGS). Data were collected from Uzigua Forest Reserve in Tanzania. Forty- seven sample plots of 25 m × 25 m were randomly established on IFS, ADS and DGS from which tree inventory data and 141 soil samples were drawn. Data were subjected into Canoco windows 4.5 software for multivariate analyses and comparisons across IFS, ADS and DGS. The correlation of tree stand parameters (TSP) and soil physical properties (SPP) were F=1.207, p=0.242 in IFS, F=2.400, p=0.012 in ADS and F=0.529, p=0.938 in DGS. For soluble bases and TSP were F=2.448, p=0.018 in IFS, F=0.687, p=0.790 in ADS and F=0.743, p=0.808 in DGS. Carbon, nitrogen and potassium (CNP) and TSP were F=0.816, p=0.572 in IFS, F=0.687, p=0.790 in ADS and F=0.070, p=0.020 in DGS. The SPP and Shannon indices had F=1.103, p<0.388 in IFS, F=0.520, p=0.714 in ADS and F=0.932, p=0.444 in DGS. The SPP and Independent Value Index (IVI) were F=0.042, p=0.996 in IFS, F=0.819, p=0.620 in ADS and F=0.633, p=0.724 in DGS. Soluble bases and equitability were F=0.119, p=0.968 in IFS, F=0.001, p=0.001 in ADS and F=0.011, p=0.001 in DGS. The CNP and IVI had F=4.246, p=0.014 in IFS, F=2.729, p=0.018 in ADS and F=2.007, p=0.060 in DGS. The mean higher canonical correlation in the non-disturbed sites indicates that crop-agriculture and livestock grazing affect the interplays between forest vegetation and soil properties. Therefore, human activity disturbs the structure and soil properties.
Effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer on Antioxidant and Enzyme Activity of Different Vegetables Seeds
Authors: Patel Rinku V. , Brahmbhatt Nayana , Pandya Krishna Y.
Published: March 2019

The aim of the study was to find the antioxidant activity and enzyme activity of catalase and peroxidase of vegetable plants. The results indicated that the use of seaweed liquid fertilizer can enhance the antioxidant activity of Solanum melongena L., Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Capsicum annuum L., Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L. and Allium cepa L. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were used to determine the antioxidant properties of seaweeds by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 517 nm. The DPPH activity was highest in brown seaweed liquid fertilizer. This study implied that impacts on vegetable plantlets by seaweed liquid fertilizer extracted with enzymes is better in brown seaweed liquid fertilizer as compared to control.
Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia in Patients with Cancer Diagnoses
Authors: Korubo Kaladada Ibitrokoemi , Ejele Oseikheumen Adebayo , Nwauche Chijioke Adonye
Published: March 2019

Aims: To determine if AIHA plays a role in anaemia associated with malignancies, and ascertain the cancers in which AIHA occurs.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional case-control study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers, Nigeria.

Methodology: We conducted the study on patients with malignancies either on admission in the wards or attending follow up clinics. Healthy age/sex-matched subjects were used as controls. Cases with and without chemotherapy were analyzed as subgroups. Three hundred and seventy-six (376) participants (188 cancer patients and 188 controls) were enrolled in the study. Full blood count, reticulocyte count, blood film, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and bilirubin assays were conducted on anticoagulated blood samples of all the patients and controls. The DAT was performed on a fresh sample not more than 6 hours after collection using polyspecific anti-human globulin.

Results: Three (1.6%) of the 188 patients with malignancies were found to have a positive DAT of which 2 (1.1%) had strongly positive DAT with features of haemolysis and therefore had AIHA. The two patients with AIHA had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The third case was a weak positive DAT with malignant teratoma but did not have features of haemolysis. The cases of both AIHA and DAT were found in the group without chemotherapy. AIHA was the aetiology of anaemia in 2 (2%) of the 98 cases who had anaemia and were chemotherapy naive.

Conclusion: AIHA plays a minor role in the aetiology of anaemia in cancer and is more common in lymphoid malignancies. A positive DAT may occur without features of haemolysis.
Botanical Analysis of Seed Bank in a Cultivated Area of Integration Livestock Agriculture
Authors: Jacintho Luiz Carlos De Santana , Cunha Jorge Luiz Xavier Lins , Silva Jackson Da , Rodrigues Gerlan do Nascimento , Júnior Antônio Barbosa da Silva , Cunha Emerson Xavier Lins , Lima Lucas Alceu Rodrigues de , Santos Márcio Lisboa dos
Published: March 2019

The seed bank has an ecological role of great importance in the re-composition of new individuals in plant communities. In the integration system livestock agriculture, the seed bank usually presents a serious problem, the agricultural activity, because this type of activity favors weed infestations over a long period of time. The different soil management systems and cultures have decisive influence on germination and composition of the flora of an area and in the seed bank of the agricultural soil. The objective of this study was to identify weed species that emerged during the analyzed period of the seed bank at different depths in an area of integration livestock agriculture. The present study was conducted in an area of integration livestock agriculture in the Center of Agrarian Sciences, of the Federal University of Alagoas (CECA - UFAL), located in the municipality of Rio Largo - AL, Brazil, in the year 2017. 20 samples at each depth: 0.0 to 10.0 cm and of 10.0 to 20.0 cm were collected. In possession of the data, it was possible to determine several phytosociological characteristics. It was observed in the composition of the seed bank high diversity of species with great variability. The seed bank has a greater diversity in the first soil layer (0.0 to 10.0 cm), presenting in its total density a decrease to increase the depth.
Association between Demographic Factors and BMI with Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kurdistan Province, West of Iran
Authors: Moghimi Nasrin , Rahmani Khaled , Rajabnia Mohsen
Published: March 2019

Background: Regarding the association of osteoporosis with various fractures and its disabilities, high cost of treatment and rehabilitation, asymptomatic majority of patients and revealing after serious disability and preventable disability and its complications, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and its association with demographic factors and body mass index (BMI) in patients referred to Sanandaj densitometry center.

Methods: This cross- sectional descriptive- analytic study was carried out on 250 patients referring to Sanandaj densitometry center from September 2017 to September 2018. For the subjects, BMD was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method at two bone segments, ie the hip and spine. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, fisher exact test, chi- square test and logistic regression test using SPSS V.23 software.

Results: In 250 studied subjects, there were found 68 cases (27.2%) osteoporosis in spine region and 38 cases (15.2%) in hip region. There was a significant correlation between age and incidence of osteoporosis in the spine and hip (P-value < 0.001), with the increase in age, the prevalence of osteoporosis increased. Despite the prevalence of osteoporosis in females, there was no significant relationship between sex and osteoporosis in spine and hip (P-value > 0.05). Despite the higher prevalence of osteoporosis in the study population living in the city, there was no significant relationship between residence and osteoporosis in spine and hip (P- value > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between education level and osteoporosis in spine and hip (P- value < 0.001), so that with the increase in education, the prevalence of osteoporosis decreases. There was a significant correlation between BMI and osteoporosis in spine and hip (P- value < 0.05), with an increase in BMI, the prevalence of osteoporosis decreases.

Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of osteoporosis. Therefore, considering the increased risk of fracture, the morbidity and mortality due to osteoporosis and their costs, increasing awareness of people about complications, how to reduce the risk factors and timely treatment, it seems necessary.
The Relationship between Acceptance of Illness and Quality of Life in Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Baneh Tahereh Alidoost Balas , Khomami Homa Mosaffay , Mirhadian Leila , Atrkarroushan Zahra
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Study on quality of life and acceptance of the illness plays a significant role in the health of pregnant women, especially pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the acceptance of illness and quality of life in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 150 mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus referred to Al-Zahra Hospital of Rasht, Iran, using available sampling method. Data were collected by a demographic information checklist and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) in two dimensions, physical and mental health. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software and using chi-squared, Fisher's exact, and Mantel-Haenszel tests.

Results: Among the mothers, 37.3% accepted the illness and 62.7% did not. There was a significant relationship between the quality of life status or score and the gestational age (p = 0.019), surgical history (p = 0.005), number of operations (p = 0.002) and previous history of diabetes in previous pregnancies (p = 0.037). However, with the control of individual and social variables, Mantel-Haenszel test did not show significant relationship between acceptance of illness and the quality of life of the mothers. On the other hand, the relationship between acceptance of illness and quality of life was not significant, based on χ2 test.

Conclusion: It is suggested that training classes be held before and during pregnancy for mothers at the reproductive age so that they have the readiness and knowledge to deal with the disease properly.
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Advanced Generation of Brassica napus L.
Authors: Nur-E-Nabi Md. , Haq Md. Ehsanul , Ahmed Montasir , Hossain Md. Monir , Shefat-al-Maruf Md. , Mahmud Firoz , Parveen Shahanaz , Harun-Ur-Rashid Md.
Published: March 2019

The present study was conducted involving 62 F3 genotypes of Brassica napus L. at the experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to ponder the genetic variability, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance, correlation, path coefficient and genetic diversity analysis in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with sixty-two genotypes (treatments) with three replications during November 2014 to February 2015. The investigations aimed to select the best segregating genotypes for the yield improvement of Brussica napus (rapeseed). Analysis of variance indicated that the genotypes were found significantly different for all the characters considered. The relative phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits investigated. The high GCV value was observed for the number of siliqua per plant (NSP), plant height (PH), silique length (SL), number of seed per silique (NSS) and seed yield per plant (SYP) indicated high broad sense heritability. The significant positive correlation with seed yield per plant (SYP) was found in plant height (PH) (0.368**), the number of primary branches per plant (NPB) (0.332**), number of secondary branches per plant (NSB) (0.382**), number of silique per plant (NSP) (0.549**), and siliqua length (SL) (0.037**). The results of path coefficient analysis uncovered that plant height (PH) (0.582), days to 50% flowering (50F) (0.390), days to maturity (DM) (0.575), number of primary branches per plant (NPB) (0.678), number of secondary branches per plant (NSB) (0.182),and thousand seed weight (TSW) (0.289) had a positive direct impact on seed yield per plant (SYP) and thus it was concluded that these traits could be exploited for the enhancement of yield potential of rapeseed. This study showed that based on the agronomic performance execution, genotypes G8, G14, G19, G21, G47, and G55 might be proposed for future hybridization program in Bangladesh and this could help rapeseed breeders to upgrade their breeding activities.
[Cu3(C6Se6)]n: The First Highly Conductive 2D π–d Conjugated Coordination Polymer Based on Benzenehexaselenolate
Authors: Cui Yutao , Yan Jie , Chen Zhijun , Zhang Jiajia , Zou Ye , Sun Yimeng , Xu Wei , Zhu Daoben
Published: March 2019

Nanocrystals of a 2D π–d conjugated copper bis(diselenolene) coordination polymer (Cu‐BHS, BHS = benzenehexaselenolate) are synthesized via a simple homogeneous reaction between cupric ions and benzenehexaselenol (H6BHS). Its 2D extended hexagonal lattice is confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction, and further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity measured on compressed powder sample reaches 110 S cm−1 at 300 K, which is among the highest value ever reported for coordination polymers. Furthermore, the intrinsic metallic characteristics of Cu‐BHS are confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and band structure calculation.
Mechanics of the low‐flow limit in slot‐die coating with no vacuum
Authors: Malakhov Robert , Tjiptowidjojo Kristianto , Schunk Peter Randall
Published: March 2019

Slot‐die coating is a premetered, film‐deposition process compatible with a wide range of materials. Of topical interest to precision electronics applications is the deposition of high‐cost nanomaterial dispersions over moderately sized (>10  cm2) areas with submicron wet film thickness. In this work, a two‐dimensional (2D) model has been developed to understand the limits of the process and to predict the thinnest possible film achievable. Coined the low‐flow limit, this parametric operating boundary presents the minimum uniform, defect‐free film achievable at a given set of liquid properties and die/substrate geometry. We investigate the low‐flow limit with a model that allows menisci to locate anywhere on the die lands, faces, and substrates with prescribed contact angles, thereby minimizing the assumptions on the bead configuration. The model is validated via comparison of its low‐flow limit predictions to published experimental data. Analysis yields insights into the mechanics of coating bead breakdown at the low‐flow limit.
The Development and Evaluation of a Statewide Training Center for Home Visitors and Supervisors
Authors: Schultz David A. , Schacht Rebecca L. , Shanty Lisa M. , Dahlquist Lynnda M. , Barry Robin A. , Wiprovnick Alicia E. , Groth Elisabeth C. , Gaultney Wendy M. , Hunter Bronwyn A. , DiClemente Carlo C.
Published: March 2019

This paper informs practice in community‐based home visiting workforce development by describing the development and evaluation of a university‐based training certificate program for home visitors and supervisors. The Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF; Wandersman et al., 2008) guides our conceptualization and paper organization. The ISF describes the components involved in translating research findings into effective implementation of prevention programs. We describe implementation and lessons learned from seven development activities: (a) review of the literature, (b) survey of other training initiatives across the country, (c) focus groups with home visitors and supervisors, (d) consultation with individual home visitors, (e) creation of a state advisory board of home visiting providers and stakeholders, (f) evaluation of two pilot trainings, and (g) video development. We then present evaluation data from 49 home visitors and 23 supervisors who completed the training certificate program after the pilot trainings. Both home visitors and supervisors rated training satisfaction highly, reported significant increases in self‐efficacy related to the training topics, and reported extensive use of motivational communication techniques, which are the foundational skills of the training content. These and other favorable results reflect the benefits of building on advances in theory and science‐based practice and of involving providers and stakeholders repeatedly throughout the development process.
Optimal intereye difference thresholds by optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: An international study
Authors: Nolan‐Kenney Rachel C. , Liu Mengling , Akhand Omar , Calabresi Peter A. , Paul Friedemann , Petzold Axel , Balk Lisanne , Brandt Alexander U. , Martínez‐Lapiscina Elena H. , Saidha Shiv , Villoslada Pablo , Al‐Hassan Abdullah Abu , Behbehani Raed , Frohman Elliot M. , Frohman Teresa , Havla Joachim , Hemmer Bernhard , Jiang Hong , Knier Benjamin , Korn Thomas , Leocani Letizia , Papadopoulou Athina , Pisa Marco , Zimmermann Hanna , Galetta Steven L. , Balcer Laura J. ,   on behalf of the International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium
Published: March 2019

Objective

To determine the optimal thresholds for intereye differences in retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer thicknesses for identifying unilateral optic nerve lesions in multiple sclerosis. Current international diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis do not include the optic nerve as a lesion site despite frequent involvement. Optical coherence tomography detects retinal thinning associated with optic nerve lesions.

Methods

In this multicenter international study at 11 sites, optical coherence tomography was measured for patients and healthy controls as part of the International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium. High‐ and low‐contrast acuity were also collected in a subset of participants. Presence of an optic nerve lesion for this study was defined as history of acute unilateral optic neuritis.

Results

Among patients (n = 1,530), receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an optimal peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer intereye difference threshold of 5μm and ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer threshold of 4μm for identifying unilateral optic neuritis (n = 477). Greater intereye differences in acuities were associated with greater intereye retinal layer thickness differences (p ≤ 0.001).

Interpretation

Intereye differences of 5μm for retinal nerve fiber layer and 4μm for macular ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer are robust thresholds for identifying unilateral optic nerve lesions. These thresholds may be useful in establishing the presence of asymptomatic and symptomatic optic nerve lesions in multiple sclerosis and could be useful in a new version of the diagnostic criteria. Our findings lend further validation for utilizing the visual system in a multiple sclerosis clinical trial setting. Ann Neurol 2019;85:618–629
Silent progression in disease activity–free relapsing multiple sclerosis
Authors:   University of California, San Francisco MS‐EPIC Team, Cree Bruce A. C. , Hollenbach Jill A. , Bove Riley , Kirkish Gina , Sacco Simone , Caverzasi Eduardo , Bischof Antje , Gundel Tristan , Zhu Alyssa H. , Papinutto Nico , Stern William A. , Bevan Carolyn , Romeo Andrew , Goodin Douglas S. , Gelfand Jeffrey M. , Graves Jennifer , Green Ari J. , Wilson Michael R. , Zamvil Scott S. , Zhao Chao , Gomez Refujia , Ragan Nicholas R. , Rush Gillian Q. , Barba Patrick , Santaniello Adam , Baranzini Sergio E. , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Henry Roland G. , Hauser Stephen L.
Published: March 2019

Objective

Rates of worsening and evolution to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) may be substantially lower in actively treated patients compared to natural history studies from the pretreatment era. Nonetheless, in our recently reported prospective cohort, more than half of patients with relapsing MS accumulated significant new disability by the 10th year of follow‐up. Notably, “no evidence of disease activity” at 2 years did not predict long‐term stability. Here, we determined to what extent clinical relapses and radiographic evidence of disease activity contribute to long‐term disability accumulation.

Methods

Disability progression was defined as an increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of 1.5, 1.0, or 0.5 (or greater) from baseline EDSS = 0, 1.0–5.0, and 5.5 or higher, respectively, assessed from baseline to year 5 (±1 year) and sustained to year 10 (±1 year). Longitudinal analysis of relative brain volume loss used a linear mixed model with sex, age, disease duration, and HLA‐DRB1*15:01 as covariates.

Results

Relapses were associated with a transient increase in disability over 1‐year intervals (p = 0.012) but not with confirmed disability progression (p = 0.551). Relative brain volume declined at a greater rate among individuals with disability progression compared to those who remained stable (p < 0.05).

Interpretation

Long‐term worsening is common in relapsing MS patients, is largely independent of relapse activity, and is associated with accelerated brain atrophy. We propose the term silent progression to describe the insidious disability that accrues in many patients who satisfy traditional criteria for relapsing–remitting MS. Ann Neurol 2019;85:653–666
Divergent patterns of TDP‐43 and tau pathologies in primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Giannini Lucia A. A. , Xie Sharon X. , McMillan Corey T. , Liang Mendy , Williams Andrew , Jester Charles , Rascovsky Katya , Wolk David A. , Ash Sharon , Lee Edward B. , Trojanowski John Q. , Grossman Murray , Irwin David J.
Published: March 2019

Objective

To measure postmortem burden of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with TDP‐43 (FTLD‐TDP) or tau (FTLD‐Tau) proteinopathy across hemispheres in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) using digital histopathology and to identify clinicopathological correlates of these distinct proteinopathies.

Methods

In an autopsy cohort of PPA (FTLD‐TDP = 13, FTLD‐Tau = 14), we analyzed laterality and regional distribution of postmortem pathology, quantified using a validated digital histopathological approach, in available brain tissue from up to 8 cortical regions bilaterally. We related digital pathology to antemortem structural neuroimaging and specific clinical language features.

Results

Postmortem cortical pathology was left‐lateralized in both FTLD‐TDP (beta = −0.15, standard error [SE] = 0.05, p = 0.007) and FTLD‐Tau (beta = −0.09, SE = 0.04, p = 0.015), but the degree of lateralization decreased with greater overall dementia severity before death (beta = −8.18, SE = 3.22, p = 0.015). Among 5 core pathology regions sampled, we found greatest pathology in left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in FTLD‐TDP, which was greater than in FTLD‐Tau (F = 47.07, df = 1,17, p < 0.001), and in left midfrontal cortex (MFC) in FTLD‐Tau, which was greater than in FTLD‐TDP (F = 19.34, df = 1,16, p < 0.001). Postmortem pathology was inversely associated with antemortem magnetic resonance imaging cortical thickness (beta = −0.04, SE = 0.01, p = 0.007) in regions matching autopsy sampling. Irrespective of PPA syndromic variant, single‐word comprehension impairment was associated with greater left OFC pathology (t = −3.72, df = 10.72, p = 0.004) and nonfluent speech with greater left MFC pathology (t = −3.62, df = 12.00, p = 0.004) among the 5 core pathology regions.

Interpretation

In PPA, FTLD‐TDP and FTLD‐Tau have divergent anatomic distributions of left‐lateralized postmortem pathology that relate to antemortem structural imaging and distinct language deficits. Although other brain regions may be implicated in neural networks supporting these complex language measures, our observations may eventually help to improve antemortem diagnosis of neuropathology in PPA. Ann Neurol 2019;85:630–643
Formation of Glyoxylic Acid in Interstellar Ices: A Key Entry Point for Prebiotic Chemistry
Authors: Eckhardt André K. , Bergantini Alexandre , Singh Santosh K. , Schreiner Peter R. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: March 2019

With nearly 200 molecules detected in interstellar and circumstellar environments, the identification of the biologically relevant α‐keto carboxylic acid, glyoxylic acid (HCOCOOH), is still elusive. Herein, the formation of glyoxylic acid via cosmic‐ray driven, non‐equilibrium chemistry in polar interstellar ices of carbon monoxide (CO) and water (H2O) at 5 K via barrierless recombination of formyl (HCO) and hydroxycarbonyl radicals (HOCO) is reported. In temperature‐programmed desorption experiments, the subliming neutral molecules were selectively photoionized and identified based on the ionization energy and distinct mass‐to‐charge ratios in combination with isotopically labeled experiments exploiting reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. These studies unravel a key reaction path to glyoxylic acid, an organic molecule formed in interstellar ices before subliming in star‐forming regions like SgrB2(N), thus providing a critical entry point to prebiotic organic synthesis.
Keeping Mum: Characteristics and Family Dynamics of Mothers Who Are Liable to Pay Child Support in Australia
Authors: Vnuk Maria
Published: March 2019

In recent decades, changes in post‐separation parenting arrangements in Australia have led to an increase in the small but significant group of mothers liable to pay child support to fathers. The present study uses data from the Child Support Reform Study, a national random sample of separated parents in Australia registered with the Child Support Agency (CSA) in 2008. In total, 185 mothers with a child support liability were identified. Drawing on reports from separated mothers and fathers liable to pay child support in 2008, the study found that 43% of liable mothers had shared or more time. Few liable mothers reported spending no time with their child in the previous 12 months. Unlike liable fathers, mothers with a child support liability tended to be more ‘fearful’ of their former partner; have a resident child in their household; work fewer hours in paid employment; and have older children. Liable mothers were also more likely than other separated mothers to describe the relationship with their former partner as ‘fearful.’ Gendered expectations of parenting mean that liable mothers and liable fathers may adopt different behavioural responses to their roles. The implications of these findings for family therapists are briefly discussed.
Elucidating the thermal degradation of carbazole‐containing platinum–polyyne polymers
Authors: Lisa Gabriela , Yoshitake Yoko , Michinobu Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2019

In this article, we present the significant influence of the substitution pattern of carbazole on the thermal stability of carbazole‐containing platinum(II)–polyyne polymers. A series of the studies on the dynamic and isotherm conditions revealed a better thermal stability for the 3,6‐carbazole based platinum(II)–polyyne polymer (36CbzPtP), where alkynes were located at the p‐phenylene positions relative to the carbazole nitrogen atom, compared to that for the 2,7‐carbazole based counter polymer (27CbzPtP), where the alkynes were located at the m‐phenylene positions relative to the carbazole nitrogen atom. On the other hand, the thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry–Fourier transform infrared technique applied to the two polymers revealed the same degradation mechanism, which probably involved the thermal decomposition of triethyl phosphine moieties and which was followed by the CC scission of hexadecyl chains. The carbazole moieties eventually underwent degradation when the temperature exceeded 415 °C. Molecular modeling showed that polymer 27CbzPtP formed a linear structure, whereas polymer 36CbzPtP adopted a curved structures; this led to different packing modes of the polymer chains. This structural difference affected the efficiency of the initial degradation event of the triethyl phosphine groups. The curved structures of 36CbzPtP sterically protected the triethyl phosphine groups; this led to an increased thermal stability over that of 27CbzPtP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47639.