bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Levels and Patterns of Cytokines Produced by CD4 T Lymphocytes of BALB/c Mice Infected withLeishmania majorby Inoculation into the Ear Dermis Depend on the Infectiousness and Size of the Inoculum
Authors: Lang Thierry , Courret Nathalie , Colle Jean-Hervé , Milon Geneviève , Antoine Jean-Claude
Published: April 2003

The production of cytokines by CD4 lymph node T lymphocytes derived from BALB/c mice recently infected in the ear dermis with high (106parasites) or low (103parasites) doses ofLeishmania majormetacyclic promastigotes (MP) was examined over a 3-week period following inoculation. Results were compared with those obtained when mice were injected with less infectious parasite populations, namely, stationary-phase or log-phase promastigotes (LP). Cells were purified 16 h and 3, 8, and 19 days after inoculation, and the amounts of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) released in response to LACK (Leishmaniahomolog of receptors for activated C kinase) or totalL. majorantigens were assessed. We found that LACK-reactive T cells from mice inoculated with a high dose of parasites first produced IFN-γ and later on IL-4; the level of IFN-γ produced early by these cells was dependent upon the stage of the promastigotes inoculated, the highest level being reached with cells recovered from mice inoculated with the least infectious parasites, LP; sequential production of IFN-γ and then of IL-4 also characterizedL. majorantigen-reactive CD4 T cells, suggesting that the early production of IFN-γ does not impede the subsequent rise of IL-4 and finally the expansion of the parasites; after low-dose inoculation of MP, cutaneous lesions developed with kinetics similar to that of lesions induced after inoculation of 106LP, but in this case CD4 T lymphocytes did not release IFN-γ or IL-4 in the presence of LACK and neither cytokine was produced in response toL. majorantigens before the onset of lesion signs. These results suggest the existence of a discreet phase in terms of CD4 T-cell reactivity for at least the first 8 days following inoculation, a time period during which parasites are able to grow moderately. In conclusion, the levels and profiles of cytokines produced byLeishmania-specific CD4 T lymphocytes clearly depend on both the stage of differentiation and number of parasites used for inoculation.
Quantitative Evaluation of Inflammatory and Immune Responses in the Early Stages of ChronicHelicobacter pyloriInfection
Authors: Straubinger Reinhard K. , Greiter Andrea , McDonough Sean P. , Gerold Alexander , Scanziani Eugenio , Soldati Sabina , Dailidiene Daiva , Dailide Giedrius , Berg Douglas E. , Simpson Kenneth W.
Published: April 2003

The early consequences ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection and the role of bacterial virulence determinants in disease outcome remain to be established. The present study sought to measure the development of host inflammatory and immune responses and their relationship to the putative bacterial virulence factorscagpathogenicity island (cagPAI),vacAallele, andoipAin combination with bacterial colonization density in a feline model of the early stages ofH. pyloriinfection. Gastric tissues obtained from infected and uninfected cats were evaluated forH. pylori ureB,cagPAI,vacAallele, andoipAand colonization density (urease, histology, and real-time PCR). Inflammation was assessed by measuring mRNA upregulation of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 p40 and histopathology. The mucosal immune response was characterized by morphometric analysis of lymphoid follicles and by differentiating lymphocyte populations with antibodies against surface markers. InfectingH. pyloristrains were positive forvacAs1but lackedcagPAI and an activeoipAgene. Colonization density was uniform throughout the stomach. Upregulation of IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-8 and increased severity of inflammatory infiltrates and fibrosis were observed in infected cats. The median number and total area of lymphoid aggregates were 5 and 10 times greater, respectively, in the stomachs of infected than uninfected cats. Secondary lymphoid follicles in uninfected cats were rare and positive for BLA.36 and B220 but negative for CD3 and CD79α, whereas in infected cats they were frequent and positive for BLA.36, CD79α, and CD3 but negative for B220. Upregulation of IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-8 and marked hyperplasia of secondary lymphoid follicles are early consequences ofH. pyloriinfection in cats. The response appears to be similar to that of infected people, particularly children, can develop independently of the pathogenicity factorscagPAI andoipA, and is not correlated with the degree of colonization density or urease activity.
Bacterial Spores as Vaccine Vehicles
Authors: Duc Le H. , Hong Huynh A. , Fairweather Neil , Ricca Ezio , Cutting Simon M.
Published: April 2003

For the first time, bacterial spores have been evaluated as vaccine vehicles.
Bacillus subtilis
spores displaying the tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC) antigen were used for oral and intranasal immunization and were shown to generate mucosal and systemic responses in a murine model. TTFC-specific immunoglobulin G titers in serum (determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) reached significant levels 33 days after oral dosing, while responses against the spore coat proteins were relatively low. Tetanus antitoxin levels were sufficient to protect against an otherwise lethal challenge of tetanus toxin (20 50% lethal doses). The robustness and long-term storage properties of bacterial spores, coupled with simplified genetic manipulation and cost-effective manufacturing, make them particularly attractive vehicles for oral and intranasal vaccination.
Antigenic and Biological Characteristics of Mutant Strains ofCryptococcus neoformansLacking Capsular O Acetylation or Xylosyl Side Chains
Authors: Kozel Thomas R. , Levitz Stuart M. , Dromer Françoise , Gates Marcellene A. , Thorkildson Peter , Janbon Guilhem
Published: April 2003

Cryptococcus neoformansis surrounded by an antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule whose primary constituent is glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). Three prominent structural features of GXM are single xylosyl and glucuronosyl side chains and O acetylation of the mannose backbone. Isogenic pairs ofO-acetyl-positive andO-acetyl-negative strains (cas1Δ) as well as xylose-positive and xylose-negative strains (uxs1Δ) of serotype D have been reported. Thecas1Δstrains were hypervirulent, and theuxs1Δstrains were avirulent. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of thecas1Δanduxs1Δmutations on the following: (i) binding of anti-GXM monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in capsular quellung reactions, (ii) activation of the complement system and binding of C3, (iii) phagocytosis by neutrophils, and (iv) clearance of GXM in vivo. The results showed that loss of O acetylation produced dramatic changes in the reactivities of five of seven anti-GXM MAbs. In contrast, loss of xylosylation produced a substantive alteration in the binding behavior of only one MAb.O-acetyl-negative strains showed no alteration in activation and binding of C3 from normal serum. Xylose-negative strains exhibited accelerated kinetics for C3 deposition. Loss of O acetylation or xylosylation had no effect on phagocytosis of serum-opsonized yeast cells by human neutrophils. Finally, loss of O acetylation or xylosylation altered the kinetics for clearance of GXM from serum and accumulation of GXM in the liver and spleen. These results show that O acetylation and/or xylosylation are important for binding of anti-GXM MAbs, for complement activation, and for tissue accumulation of GXM but do not impact phagocytosis by neutrophils.
Histidine and Aspartic Acid Residues Important for Immunoglobulin G Endopeptidase Activity of the Group AStreptococcusOpsonophagocytosis-Inhibiting Mac Protein
Authors: Lei Benfang , Liu Mengyao , Meyers Elishia G. , Manning Heather M. , Nagiec Michael J. , Musser James M.
Published: April 2003

The secreted Mac protein made by serotype M1 group AStreptococcus(GAS) (designated Mac5005) inhibits opsonophagocytosis and killing of GAS by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. This protein also has cysteine endopeptidase activity against human immunoglobulin G (IgG). Site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify histidine and aspartic acid residues important for Mac IgG endopeptidase activity. Replacement of His262 with Ala abolished Mac5005 IgG endopeptidase activity. Asp284Ala and Asp286Ala mutant proteins had compromised enzymatic activity, whereas 21 other Asp-to-Ala mutant proteins cleaved human IgG at the apparent wild-type level. The results suggest that His262 is an active-site residue and that Asp284 and Asp286 are important for the enzymatic activity or structure of Mac protein. These Mac mutants provide new information about structure-activity relationships in this protein and will assist study of the mechanism of inhibition of opsonophagocytosis and killing of GAS by Mac.
GAUGE MODEL WITH EXTENDED FIELD TRANSFORMATIONS IN EUCLIDEAN SPACE
Authors: McKEON D. G. C. , SHERRY T. N.
Published: April 2003

An SO(4) gauge-invariant model with extended field transformations is examined in four-dimensional Euclidean space. The gauge field is (Aμ)αβ=½tμνλ(Mνλ)αβ where Mνλ are the SO(4) generators in the fundamental representation. The SO(4) gauge indices also participate in the Euclidean space SO(4) transformations giving the extended field transformations. We provide the decomposition of the reducible field tμνλ in terms of fields irreducible under SO(4). The SO(4) gauge transformations for the irreducible fields mix fields of different spin. Reducible matter fields are introduced in the form of a Dirac field in the fundamental representation of the gauge group and its decomposition in terms of irreducible fields is also provided. The approach is shown to be applicable also to SO(5) gauge models in five-dimensional Euclidean space.
STRATEGY TOWARDS MIRROR-FERMION SIGNATURES
Authors: TRIANTAPHYLLOU GEORGE
Published: April 2003

The existence of mirror fermions interacting strongly under a new gauge group and having masses near the electroweak scale has been recently proposed as a viable alternative to the standard-model Higgs mechanism. The main purpose of this work is to investigate which specific experimental signals are needed to clearly differentiate the mirror-fermion model from other new-physics models. In particular, the case is made for a future large lepton collider with c.o.m. energies of roughly 4 TeV or higher.
EXISTENCE THEOREM FOR SPLIT INVOLUTION CONSTRAINT ALGEBRA
Authors: BATALIN I. A. , LYAKHOVICH S. L. , TYUTIN I. V.
Published: April 2003

The existence theorem is proven for the generating equations of the split involution constraint algebra. The structure of the general solution is established, and the characteristic arbitrariness in generating functions is described.
PARTICLE PRODUCTION IN DE SITTER SPACE–TIME
Authors: SARKAR N. G. , BISWAS S.
Published: April 2003

The definition of vacuum in curved space–time is a delicate object. With Minkowski-like vacuum definition, the current has a characteristic behavior in Robertson–Walker space–time. In this work we study the behavior of Dirac current in a de Sitter space–time. The rapid oscillations of current is observed with respect to time and indicate vigorous instability in initial vacuum and is interpreted as vigorous particle production.
MASSIVE FIELDS WITH ARBITRARY INTEGER SPIN IN HOMOGENEOUS ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: KLISHEVICH S. M.
Published: April 2003

We study the interaction of gauge fields of arbitrary integer spins with the constant electromagnetic field. We reduce the problem of obtaining the gauge-invariant Lagrangian of integer spin fields in the external field to purely algebraic problem of finding a set of operators with certain features using the representation of the high-spin fields in the form of vectors in a pseudo-Hilbert space. We consider such a construction up to the second order in the electromagnetic field strength and also present an explicit form of interaction Lagrangian for a massive particle of spin s in terms of symmetrical tensor fields in linear approximation. The result obtained does not depend on dimensionality of space–time.
N = 1 SUPERSYMMETRIC YANG–MILLS ON THE LATTICE AT STRONG COUPLING
Authors: GABRIELLI E. , GONZÁLEZ-ARROYO A. , PENA C.
Published: April 2003

We study N = 1 supersymmetric SU (Nc) Yang–Mills theory on the lattice at strong coupling and large Nc. Our method is based on the hopping parameter expansion in terms of random walks, resummed for any value of the Wilson parameter r in the small hopping parameter region. Results are given for the mesonic (two-gluino) and fermionic (three-gluino) propagators and spectrum.
SPACE–TIME AND MATTER IN THE IIB MATRIX MODEL — GAUGE SYMMETRY AND DIFFEOMORPHISM
Authors: ISO SATOSHI , KAWAI HIKARU
Published: April 2003

We pursue a study of the type-IIB matrix model as a constructive definition of a superstring. In this paper, we justify the interpretation of space–time as being a distribution of eigenvalues of matrices by showing that some low-energy excitations indeed propagate in it. In particular, we show that if the distribution consists of small clusters of size n, low-energy theory acquires local SU(n) gauge symmetry, and a plaquette action for the associated gauge boson is induced. We finally argue a possible identification of the diffeomorphism symmetry with a permutation group acting on the set of eigenvalues, and show that general covariance is realized in the low-energy effective theory, even though we do not have a manifest general covariance in the IIB matrix model action.
CONFORMAL DERIVATIVE AND CONFORMAL TRANSPORTS OVER $\bm{({\bar L}_n,g)}$-SPACES
Authors: MANOFF S.
Published: April 2003

Transports preserving the angle between two contravariant vector fields but changing their lengths proportional to their own lengths are introduced as "conformal" transports and investigated over [Formula: see text]-spaces. They are more general than the Fermi–Walker transports. In an analogous way as in the case of Fermi–Walker transports a conformal covariant differential operator and its conformal derivative are defined and considered over [Formula: see text]-spaces. Different special types of conformal transports are determined inducing also Fermi–Walker transports for orthogonal vector fields as special cases. Conditions under which the length of a non-null contravariant vector field could swing as a homogeneous harmonic oscillator are established. The results obtained regardless of any concrete field (gravitational) theory could have direct applications in such types of theories.
NEW DUALITY TRANSFORMATIONS IN ORBIFOLD THEORY
Authors: DE BOER J. , EVSLIN J. , HALPERN M. B. , WANG J. E.
Published: April 2003

We find new duality transformations which allow us to construct the stress tensors of all the twisted sectors of any orbifold A(H)/H, where A(H) is the set of all current-algebraic conformal field theories with a finite symmetry group H⊂ Aut (g). The permutation orbifolds with H=ℤλ and H=S3 are worked out in full as illustrations but the general formalism includes both simple and semisimple g. The motivation for this development is the recently-discovered orbifold Virasoro master equation, whose solutions are identified by the duality transformations as sectors of the permutation orbifolds [Formula: see text].
CONSTRAINTS ON SPACE–TIME MANIFOLD IN EUCLIDEAN SUPERGRAVITY IN TERMS OF DIRAC EIGENVALUES
Authors: CIUHU C. , VANCEA ION V.
Published: April 2003

We generalize a previous work on Dirac eigenvalues as dynamical variables of Euclidean supergravity. The most general set of constraints on the curvatures of the tangent bundle and on the spinor bundle of the space–time manifold, under which space–time admits Dirac eigenvalues as observables, are derived.
GAUGE CONSISTENT WILSON RENORMALIZATION GROUP II: THE NON-ABELIAN CASE
Authors: SIMIONATO M.
Published: April 2003

We give a Wilsonian formulation of non-Abelian gauge theories explicitly consistent with axial gauge Ward identities. The issues of unitarity and dependence on the quantization direction are carefully investigated. A Wilsonian computation of the one-loop QCD beta function is performed.
HIGHER-DERIVATIVE TWO-DIMENSIONAL MASSIVE FERMION THEORIES
Authors: BELVEDERE L. V. , AMARAL R. L. P. G. , LEMOS N. A. , CARVALHAES C. G.
Published: April 2003

We consider the canonical quantization of a generalized two-dimensional massive fermion theory containing higher odd-order derivatives. The requirements of Lorentz invariance, hermiticity of the Hamiltonian and absence of tachyon excitations suffice to fix the mass term, which contains a derivative coupling. We show that the basic quantum excitations of a higher-derivative theory of order 2N+1 consist of a physical usual massive fermion, quantized with positive metric, plus 2N unphysical massless fermions, quantized with opposite metrics. The positive-metric Hilbert subspace, which is isomorphic to the space of states of a massive free fermion theory, is selected by a subsidiary-like condition. Employing the standard bosonization scheme, the equivalent boson theory is derived. The results obtained are used as a guideline to discuss the solution of a theory including a current–current interaction.
THE νμ↔νs INTERPRETATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINO DATA AND COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS
Authors: DI BARI PASQUALE , LIPARI PAOLO , LUSIGNOLI MAURIZIO
Published: April 2003

The data on atmospheric neutrinos can be explained assuming the existence of oscillations between νμ's and a light sterile neutrino with mixing close to maximal, and δm2~3×10-3 eV 2. This interpretation of the data is in potential conflict with the successes of big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), since oscillations can result in a too large contribution of the sterile state to the energy density of the universe at the epoch of nucleosynthesis. The possibility to evade these cosmological constraints has been recently the object of some controversy. In this work we rediscuss this problem and find that the inclusion of a small mixing of the sterile state with ντ can result in the generation of a large lepton asymmetry that strongly suppress the νμ↔νs oscillations eliminating the possible conflict with BBN bounds. In this scheme the mass of the tau neutrino must be larger than few eV's and is compatible with cosmological bounds. Our calculations are performed using a Pauli–Boltzmann method. In this approach it is also possible to develop analytic calculations that allow physical insight in the processes considered and give support to the numerical results.
THERMODYNAMIC BETHE ANSATZ EQUATION FROM FUSION HIERARCHY OF osp(1|2) INTEGRABLE SPIN CHAIN
Authors: SAKAI KAZUMITSU , TSUBOI ZENGO
Published: April 2003

The thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) and the excited state TBA equations for an integrable spin chain related to the Lie superalgebra osp (1|2) are proposed by the quantum transfer matrix (QTM) method. We introduce the fusion hierarchy of the QTM and derive the functional relations among them (T-system) and their certain combinations (Y-system). Their analytical property leads to the nonlinear integral equations which describe the free energy and the correlation length at any finite temperatures. With regard to the free energy, they coincide with the TBA equation based on the string hypothesis.
THE STUDY OF CHARMONIA NEAR THE DECONFINING TRANSITION ON AN ANISOTROPIC LATTICE WITH O(a) IMPROVED QUARK ACTION
Authors: UMEDA T. , KATAYAMA R. , MIYAMURA O. , MATSUFURU H.
Published: April 2003

We study hadron properties near the deconfining transition in the quenched lattice QCD simulation. This paper focuses on the heavy quarkonium states, such as J/ψ meson. In order to treat heavy quarks at T<0, we adopt the O(a) improved Wilson action on anisotropic lattice. We discuss [Formula: see text] bound state observing the wave function and compare the meson correlators at above and below Tc. Although we find a large change of correlator near the Tc, the strong spatial correlation which is almost the same as confinement phase survives even T~1.5Tc.
ELECTROWEAK PHYSICS
Authors: KONSTANTINIDIS NIKOS
Published: April 2003

The beginning of the new millennium marks the end of an era of high precision electroweak measurements coming from e + e - colliders. Highlights of these measurements are given in this review, with emphasis on recent results. The implications for the last unknown piece of the electroweak theory, the Higgs boson, are discussed. A report on the latest news from the direct search for the Higgs boson at LEP is also included, with some intriguing candidates promising a lot of excitement until the very last days of LEP running. Finally, the prospects after LEP, both for the precision measurements and the direct Higgs search, are outlined.
A QCD Survey: 0≤Q2≤105GeV2
Authors: Blazey Gerald C.
Published: April 2003

Selected, recent results, primarily form collider experiments but including some fixed target experiments, are presented as a survey of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The concepts of leading order and next-to-leading order QCD are introduced. Inclusive [Formula: see text] jet and dijet production and deep inelastic ep scattering at very large momentum transfer are shown to be in good agreement with perturbative QCD (pQCD). Dijet, three-jet and multi-jet results from [Formula: see text], ep, and ee colliders Q2 are also compared to pQCD. BFKR searches from all three colliders are discussed. Recent measurements of structure functions and contributions to the parton distribution functions are presented. New measurements of αs are summarized, the world average is αs = 0.1184 ± 0.0031.
PHYSICS PROSPECTS AT BTEV
Authors: KASPER PENELOPE A.
Published: April 2003

BTeV is a recently approved collider program at the Fermilab Tevatron dedicated to the study of CP violation, mixing and rare decays in beauty and charm hadrons. The detector is a two-arm forward spectrometer sited at the C-Zero interaction region. Data taking is expected to commence in 2006. The physics goals and spectrometer are described. Details are given of simulations which determine the physics reach of the experiment.
SEARCH FOR RARE 3 AND 4-BODY D0 DECAYS AT FINAL E791
Authors: SUMMERS D. J.
Published: April 2003

Limits at the 10-4 level are reported for rare and forbidden decays of the D0 charm meson to a pair of leptons and either a vector meson or two pseudoscalar mesons. Of these searches, 18 are investigations of decays without previous published results; several others have significantly improved sensitivity over previous results.
Neutrino Masses and SO(10) SUSY GUTs
Authors: Raby Stuart
Published: April 2003

In this talk I discuss the qualitative features of an SO(10) SUSY GUT with an SU (2)× U (1) n family symmetry. I then describe the global fit of this theory to precision electroweak data [including charged fermion masses and mixing angles]. Finally, the predictions of the model for neutrino masses and mixing are discussed. The most predictive version of the model naturally fits atmospheric neutrino data with maximal νμ→ντ oscillations and solar neutrino data with small mixing angle MSW νe→νsterile oscillations.
THE ROLE OF FINAL STATE INTERACTIONS IN ε′/ε
Authors: PALLANTE ELISABETTA , PICH ANTONIO , SCIMEMI IGNAZIO
Published: April 2003

The Standard Model prediction for ε′/ε is updated, taking into account the chiral loop corrections induced by final state interactions. The resulting value, ε′/ε =(17±6)×10-4, is in good agreement with present measurements.
ENHANCED GLUINO BOX CONTRIBUTION TO ∊′/∊ IN SUSY
Authors: NEUBERT MATTHIAS
Published: April 2003

We show that in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model gluino box diagrams can yield a large CP-violating [Formula: see text] contribution to [Formula: see text] flavor-chaging neutral current processes, which feeds into the I=2 isospin amplitude in K→ππ decays. This contribution only requires moderate mass splitting between the right-handed squarks ũR and [Formula: see text], and persists for squark masses of order 1 TeV. Taking into account current bounds on Im [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text] mixing, the resulting contribution to ∊′/∊ could naturally be an order of magnitude larger than the measured value.
SUPERNOVA NEUTRINOS IN SUPER–KAMIOKANDE
Authors: VAGINS MARK R.
Published: April 2003

The Super–Kamiokande experiment, located in Mozumi, Japan, is perhaps best known for its studies of atmospheric and solar neutrinos. However, Super–K is also the world's most sensitive detector of neutrinos generated by type II supernovae. Super–K's expected response to such a stellar collapse in our galaxy is explored in light of recent theoretical advances.
ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINO RESULTS FROM SUPER–KAMIOKANDE
Authors: MESSIER MARK D.
Published: April 2003

This talk presents recent atmospheric neutrino results from an 1100 day exposure of the Super–Kamiokande detector.
BEAM MONITORING AND MODELING FOR THE K2K LONG–BASELINE NEUTRINO OSCILLATION EXPERIMENT
Authors: HILL JAMES E.
Published: April 2003

The K2K long–baseline neutrino oscillation experiment has begun to investigate the oscillation hypothesis suggested by atmospheric ν measurements. While a nearby set of detectors measures neutrino interactions at KEK, understanding of the beam properties, especially its stability, are crucial to prediction of the expected signal at the far detector. Here, the beam monte carlo modeling for the beam is summarized with reference to the use of monitor data. Emphasis is given to the understanding of systematic errors in the extrapolation of a nearby measurement to the prediction for the far site. An example of use of beam monitor data to study these errors is presented.
NEUTRINO FLAVOR AND CP/T VIOLATION
Authors: CAMPBELL SARAH C. , NUSS-WARREN SARAH R. , JOHNSON LORETTA M. , MCKAY DOUGLAS W.
Published: April 2003

We investigate the implications of direct flavor-violating interactions in addition to neutrino oscillations for neutrino oscillations for neutrino oscillation experiments. We show that MINOS and neutrino factories could achieve at least order of magnitude improvements in constraining neutrino flavor-violating parameters.
THE SUPERCONFORMAL PARTICLE
Authors: DILKES F. A. , McKEON D. G. C.
Published: April 2003

By considering N=2 superconformal algebra in d=2 dimensions, we construct an N=2 superconformal algebra in d=1 dimension. An N=1 superconformally invariant action for a particle is constructed. It is not what is obtained by dimensional reduction of the action for a superconformally invariant string.
EXACT LORENTZ ANOMALY IN TWO DIMENSIONS
Authors: TINEBRA FABRIZIO
Published: April 2003

The perturbative computation of the gravitational anomaly in curved space–time and in 1+1 dimensions is considered. This determination is obtained by a known method of complexification of the action variables applied to the fermionic effective action. Our result gives an exact definition of the Lorentz anomaly and it is introductory to a nonambiguous nonperturbative determination of the gravitational anomaly on curved manifolds. The quantum variation of the effective action, or Weyl determinant, is regularized with the help of the ζ-function technique, by extending the local algebra of infinitesimal current generators to complex values. Some ambiguities in the definition and computation of gauge anomalies are hopefully clarified.
GEOMETRIC QUANTIZATION OF FIELD THEORY ON CURVED SPACE–TIME
Authors: KALINOWSKI M. W. , PIECHOCKI W.
Published: April 2003

A symplectic structure of classical field theory and its application to the canonical geometric quantization procedure are presented. The developed formalism can be treated in two ways: as a prequantization procedure in the usual sense or as a quantization procedure in a stochastic quantum mechanics approach on a phase space.
WHICH CAUSALITY? DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRAJECTORY AND COPENHAGEN ANALYSES OF AN IMPULSIVE PERTURBATION
Authors: FLOYD EDWARD R.
Published: April 2003

The trajectory and Copenhagen representations render different predictions for impulsive perturbations. The different predictions are due to the different roles that causality plays in the trajectory and Copenhagen interpretations. We investigate a small perturbing impulse acting on the ground state of an infinitely deep square well. For the two representations, the first-order perturbation calculations for the temporal change in energy differ. This temporal change in energy for the trajectory representation is dependent upon the microstate of the wave function. We show that even under Copenhagen epistemology, the two representations predict different theoretical results.
THREE-POINT FUNCTIONS IN CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY WITH AFFINE LIE GROUP SYMMETRY
Authors: RASMUSSEN JØRGEN
Published: April 2003

In this paper we develop a general method for constructing three-point functions in conformal field theory with affine Lie group symmetry, continuing our recent work on two-point functions. The results are provided in terms of triangular coordinates used in a wave function description of vectors in highest weight modules. In this framework, complicated couplings translate into ordinary products of certain elementary polynomials. The discussions pertain to all simple Lie groups and arbitrary integrable representation. An interesting by-product is a general procedure for computing tensor product coefficients, essentially by counting integer solutions to certain inequalities. As an illustration of the construction, we consider in great detail the three cases SL(3), SL(4) and SO(5).
THE ROLE OF THE QUANTUM PROPERTIES OF GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION IN THE DETECTION OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
Authors: CAMACHO A.
Published: April 2003

The role that the quantum properties of a gravitational wave could play in the detection of gravitational radiation is analyzed. It is not only corroborated that in the current laser-interferometric detectors the resolution of the experimental apparatus could lie very far from the corresponding quantum threshold (thus the backreaction effect of the measuring device upon the gravitational wave is negligible), but it is also suggested that the consideration of the quantum properties of the wave could entail the definition of dispersion of the measurement outputs. This dispersion would be a function not only of the sensitivity of the measuring device, but also of the interaction time (between measuring device and gravitational radiation) and of the arm length of the corresponding laser interferometer. It would have a minimum limit, and the introduction of the current experimental parameters suggests that the dispersion of the existing proposals could lie very far from this minimum, which means that they would show a very large dispersion.
EVIDENCE FOR INTERMITTENCY IN HADRON–NUCLEUS AND NUCLEUS–NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AT RELATIVISTIC ENERGIES
Authors: HASAN R. , ZAFAR M. , AHMAD M. S. , TUFAIL A.
Published: April 2003

Scaled factorial moments are calculated for multiplicity distributions in the pseudorapidity intervals of secondary particles produced in p-Em collisions at 400 GeV, π-- Em collisions at 340 GeV and 12 C-Em collisions at 3.6 A GeV. In the p-Em and 12 C-Em collisions an intermittent power law growth of the factorial moments clearly observed, but no such dependence is found in π-- Em collisions. Higher order scaled factorial moments are found to obey a scaling law.
GAUGE CONDENSATES AND GAUGE DYNAMICS, THE COSMOLOGICAL AND STRONG CP PROBLEMS
Authors: GUENDELMAN E. I.
Published: April 2003

Some evidence for gauge field condensation in gauge theories is reviewed. The gravitational effects of gauge field condensates, in particular those associated with four-index field strengths are analyzed, paying special attention to their effect on the cosmological constant problem (CCP) and on the matching of different phases of the theory. Gauge fields composed of elementary scalars and their role in the CCP are studied. In particular such gauge fields can define a composite measure of integration which is a total derivative leading to the invariance under changes in the Lagrangian density L, L→L+ constant . In such models, when gravity is formulated in the first order formalism, gauge field condensates define and control particle physics dynamics and drive inflation while the true vacuum of the theory is one with zero cosmological constant. It is also shown that models of gauge fields composed of elementary scalars, like the "No Scale Nonlinear σ Model" can produce a new geometrical-type solution of the strong CP problem, which is possible when a condensate of a composite gauge field is present. It is shown that the theory without the cosmological constant problem explained here has a scale invariance, spontaneously broken by the expectation value of a four-index field strength. However, no massless "dilaton" appears as a result of this SSB.
THE DYNAMICAL NOETHER SYMMETRIES OF A BOSONIC q-OSCILLATOR
Authors: SIMÕES TIAGO J. M.
Published: April 2003

The classical dynamical (phase space) Noether symmetries which correspond to the quantum, one-dimensional, bosonic, deformed "Biedenharn–Macfarlane q-oscillator" as defined by V. I. Man'ko and others, are given for small values of the parameter q by considering the model as a nondeformed theory with a highly nonlinear but of small strength interaction. For this nonconstrained one-degree of freedom system and by applying Noether's procedure in the form established by Katzin and Levine for velocity dependent transformations, we found the corresponding two functionally independent phase space first integrals. These classical integrals, as we explicitly prove, lead to a finitely generated infinite Poisson bracket dynamical algebra of first integrals which generalizes a recently obtained Noether dynamical algebra of the nondeformed harmonic oscillator system. We also show that a subalgebra of that infinite dynamical algebra, after quantization of the small-q classical model here proposed, corresponds exactly to the small deformation limit of the deformed quantum spectrum generating algebra su q(1,1) previously obtained for the q-oscillator system, on purely quantum grounds, by Kulish and Damaskinsky.
ENERGY-DEPENDENT METRIC FOR GRAVITATION FROM CLOCK-RATE EXPERIMENTS
Authors: CARDONE FABIO , MIGNANI ROBERTO
Published: April 2003

We carry out a detailed analysis of the data on the comparison of clock rates between a flying clock and a clock at ground, performed by Alley and co-workers at the end of 1970's. The fit to such data is in favor of an energy-dependent metric for gravitation, whose time coefficient is at variance with the standard Einsteinian one in the weak-field approximation. By exploiting the formalism of a deformed Minkowski space–time, with metric coefficients dependent on the energy, we show that a possible lower limit on the propagation speed of gravitational effects is about 1010c, in agreement with a recent analysis by Van Flandern based on the acceleration of binary systems.
SIMPLICIAL QUANTUM GRAVITY ON A RANDOMLY TRIANGULATED SPHERE
Authors: HOLM CHRISTIAN , JANKE WOLFHARD
Published: April 2003

We study 2D quantum gravity on spherical topologies employing the Regge calculus approach with the dl/l measure. Instead of the normally used fixed nonregular triangulations we study random triangulations which are generated by the standard Voronoi–Delaunay procedure. For each system size we average the results over four different realizations of the random lattices. We compare both types of triangulations quantitatively and investigate how the difference in the expectation value of the squared curvature, R2, for fixed and random triangulations depends on the lattice size and the surface area A. We try to measure the string susceptibility exponents through finite-size scaling analyses of the expectation value of an added R2 interaction term, using two conceptually quite different procedures. The approach, where an ultraviolet cutoff is held fixed in the scaling limit, is found to be plagued with inconsistencies, as has already previously been pointed out by us. In a conceptually different approach, where the area A is held fixed, these problems are not present. We find the string susceptibility exponent γ′ str in rough agreement with theoretical predictions for the sphere, whereas the estimate for γ str appears to be too negative. However, our results are hampered by the presence of severe finite-size corrections to scaling, which lead to systematic uncertainties well above our statistical errors. We feel that the present methods of estimating the string susceptibilities by finite-size scaling studies are not accurate enough to serve as testing grounds to decide the success or failure of quantum Regge calculus.
COMMENTS ON: "QUANTUM MECHANICS AS A GAUGE THEORY OF METAPLECTIC SPINOR FIELDS" BY M. REUTER
Authors: ILIEV BOZHIDAR Z.
Published: April 2003

We point out how some mathematically incorrect passages of Ref. 1 can be formulated in a rigorous way. The fibre bundle approach to quantum mechanics of Refs. 2–6 is compared with the one contained in loc. cit.
BARYON SELF-ENERGY WITH qqq BETHE–SALPETER DYNAMICS IN THE NONPERTURBATIVE QCD REGIME: n-p MASS DIFFERENCE
Authors: SHARMA ANJU , MITRA A. N.
Published: April 2003

A qqq BSE formalism based on DBχS of an input four-fermion Lagrangian of "current" u, d quarks interacting pairwise via gluon-exchange-propagator in its nonperturbative regime, is employed for the calculation of baryon self-energy via quark-loop integrals. To that end the baryon-qqq vertex function is derived under Covariant Instantaneity Ansatz (CIA), using Green function techniques. This is a three-body extension of an earlier [Formula: see text] (two-body) result on the exact 3D–4D interconnection for the respective BS wave functions under 3D kernel support. The nonperturbative QCD feature of this approach (vis-a-vis chiral perturbation theory — see text for comparison) is preserved through the gluon exchange propagator in the infrared regime (characterized by two parameters C0, ω0), precalibrated to both [Formula: see text] and qqq spectra plus other observables, together with a DBχ S mechanism to generate the dynamical mass m(p).

The quark-loop integrals for the neutron (n) – proton (p) mass difference receive contributions from two sources: (i) the strong SU(2) effect arising from the d-u mass difference (4 MeV); (ii) the e.m. effect of the respective quark charges. The resultant n-p difference comes dominantly from the d-u effect (+1.71 MeV ), which is mildly offset by e.m. effect (-0.44), subject to gauge corrections. For an estimate of the latter a general method for QED gauge corrections to an arbitrary momentum dependent vertex function is outlined (in App. C), and a calculation made for the (two-body) kaon as a test case, indicates an increase by 0.612 MeV in the earlier kaon e.m. value (1.032 MeV). This result is taken as a rough indication of the percentage gauge correction expected for the n-p case. A critical comparison is given with the results from QCD sum rules.
A SINGLE NEAREST NEIGHBOR FUZZY APPROACH FOR PATTERN RECOGNITION
Authors: SINGH SAMEER
Published: April 2003

The main aim of this paper is to introduce the single nearest neighbor approach for pattern recognition and the concept of incremental learning of a fuzzy classifier where decision making is based on data available up to time t rather than what may be available at the start of the trial, i.e. at t = 0. The single nearest neighbor method is explained in the context of solving the classic two-spiral benchmark. The proposed approach is further tested on the electronic nose coffee data to judge its performance on a real problem. This paper illustrates: (1) a novel fuzzy classifier system based on the single nearest neighbor method, (2) its application to the spiral benchmark taking the incremental pattern recognition approach, and (3) results obtained when solving the two-spiral problem with both nonincremental and incremental methods and coffee classification with the nonincremental method. The results show that incremental learning leads to improved recognition performance for spiral data and it is possible to study the behavioral characteristics of the classifier with possibility related parameters.
QUADTREE ADJOINING GRAMMAR
Authors: AIZAWA KUNIO , NAKAMURA AKIRA
Published: April 2003

In this paper, we will introduce some variations of tree adjoining grammars which generate the sets of quadtrees as their languages and investigate their effectiveness to describe the sets of digital images. In those variations, two types of parallel operations, multicomponent and multifoot adjoining, will be introduced. Both of them are quite different parallelisms from ordinary ones (such as Indian parallelism of grammars, or L-systems).
DYNAMIC COOPERATIVE GAMES
Authors: FILAR JERZY A. , PETROSJAN LEON A.
Published: April 2003

We consider dynamic cooperative games in characteristic function form in the sense that the characteristic function evolves over time in accordance with a difference or differential equation that is influenced not only by the current ("instantaneous") characteristic function but also by the solution concept used to allocate the benefits of cooperation among the players. The latter solution concept can be any one of a number of now standard solution concepts of cooperative game theory but, for demonstration purposes, we focus on the core and the Shapley value.

In the process, we introduce some new mechanisms by which players may regard the evolution of cooperative game over time and analyse them with respect to the goal of attaining time consistency either in discrete or in continuous time setting. In discrete time, we illustrate the phenomena that can arise when an allocation according to a given solution concept is used to adapt the values of coalitions at successive time points. In continuous time, we introduce the notion of an "instantaneous" game and its integration over time.
A STOCHASTIC BARGAINING PROCESS AND CORRESPONDING ONE-SHOT SOLUTION CONCEPT
Authors: SZIDAROVSZKY FERENC
Published: April 2003

A stochastic bargaining process is first introduced to solve two-person conflicts. The outcome of the process depends on the initial offers of the two players, as well as on the offer-dependent breakdown probabilities. After the convergence (in most cases the finiteness of the process) is verified, a one-shot solution is introduced. The existence of a unique solution is then proven, and its relation to the non-symmetric Nash solution is discussed.
FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF DISCRETELY STIFFENED SKEW PLATES
Authors: ZENG HUAN , BERT CHARLES W.
Published: April 2003

Stiffened skew plates find application in various engineering fields. The free vibration characteristics of such plates have been studied by various methods. An orthogonally stiffened skew plate is a skew plate with stiffeners running orthogonal to two opposite edges. To the best knowledge of the present investigators, no previous work has been done for free vibration characteristics of skew plates of such stiffening geometry. The present work studies the free vibration of such plates. The pb-2 Rayleigh–Ritz method was employed due to its accuracy and computational efficiency. The conventional finite element method was also used as a comparative check. A convergence study was first performed for various boundary conditions. Then the vibration of orthogonally stiffened skew plates with different boundary conditions was studied. Close agreement was found between these two methods. The variations of natural frequencies with different parameters, including skew angle ϕ, edge ratio b/a, and height-thickness ratio f/h, were investigated for three types of boundary conditions.
Considerations for manufacture of irrigation pipe
Authors: Tock Richard Wm. , A'hern Daniel W.
Published: April 2003

On January 18, 1977 the United States Patent Office granted James E. Turner the rights to Patent Number 4,003,408 entitled “Underground Irrigation Porous Pipe.” The porous pipe was claimed to be made entirely from reclaimed rubber and recycled plastic binder. The weight percent of binder materials ranged from 10% to 40%. The wall of the porous pipe was reported to contain labyrinthine apertures of such size and number so as to provide a leak rate of 12 to 20 gallons per hour of water per one hundred feet of length of 1/2 inch pipe when subjected to internal pressures of 5 to 10 psig. The pores were claimed to have been blown into the walls by venting vapors and water associated with the rubber during the extrusion process.

This paper reports on an analysis of such a “leaky pipe” as described by Patent Number 4,003,408. The leakage phenomenon is shown to be a natural occurrence which arises from the adhesion of rubber particles with insufficient binder to fill the voids between particles. This observation means that the reclaimed rubber must have a very narrow size range if the leak rate is to be predictable. In addition, the binder material may be restricted to virgin LLDPE feed stock if a reproducible product is to be continuously extruded. Finally, using technology developed for sintered‐porous metal objects, it was demonstrated that the leak rate can be predicted a priori. This evidence suggests that the occurrence of the porosity as claimed in U.S. Patent Number 4,003,408 is not confirmed by practical experience. Moreover, although a leaky pipe can be produced in accordance with the teachings of the patent, the properties and performance of that pipe will probably not meet the specification of potential users.
Some factors influencing filling of multiple cavities during injection molding
Authors: Throne J. L.
Published: April 2003

The rate of filling of multiple cavities positioned along a runner is of significant importance to injection molders. Unevenness in filling can lead to unfilled cavities near the end of the runners or to long cycle times. The effects of gate dimension and shape, cavity capacity and injection rate on injection pressure for an isothermal Newtonian fluid are discussed in detail. Extension to power‐law fluids and nonisothermal viscosity is outlined.
The twin‐screw extruder—a versatile tool for reactions and polymerizations
Authors: Wielgolinski Lee , Nangeroni Jim
Published: April 2003

Co‐rotating, self‐wiping, twin‐screw extruders are being recognized as efficient horizontal mixers for performing continuous reactions and polymerizations. Many processes which previously required large batch type tanks for sufficient residence times can achieve similar yields and be replaced with much smaller equipment due to the greater efficiency of mixing. The use of co‐rotating, self‐wiping, twin‐screw extruders for continuous polymerization processes, especially on a laboratory development scale, will play a more important role in the future as their versatility in these processes is recognized.
Theoretical and experimental study of non‐isothermal deformation of a blow molding parison
Authors: Basu Santanu , Fernandez Franco
Published: April 2003

The thickness distribution in a blow molded product depends on swelling and sagging of the extruded parison. In this paper, the extensional deformation during parison formation process has been described theoretically, using a swelling function and Jeffrey's equation for material viscoelasticity. The heat balance equation has been solved simultaneously to treat the more general case of parison being exposed to ambient conditions. Experiments were carried out on a commercial blow molding machine with three polymers and, in each case, parison deformation was recorded on a videotape. The experimental results of parison sagging and the theoretical results have shown good agreement.