bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Interdisciplinary Reading of Mathematics
Authors: Shah Yogendra Prasad
Published: February 2021

This research paper recapitulates the history of mathematics, which occupies itself describing processes of growth and development, whereas philosophy of mathematics is concerned with questions of justification. Both play an essential role within the educational context. However, there is a problem because genuine historical studies necessitate ever-greater particularity whereas mathematics and philosophy require generality and abstraction. The paper offers some methodological reflections about these matters together with two case studies from nineteenth century history of arithmetic and integration theory, respectively, which try to strike a balance between the directly opposed requirements.
Globalization, Migration and Gender Equality: A Case from Okhaldhunga Village of Gorkha District
Authors: Ghimire Harihar
Published: February 2021

Globalization is an intense of social relationship and closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world as well as it is a process involving increasing liquidity and growing multidirectional flows of people, objects, places and information. To become global is to be worldly and to be conscious of the current scenario of the present. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of globalization on gender equality in rural society of Nepal. For the same, the study limits on the changing gender roles of 50 respondents have been analyzed in Okhaldhunga Village of Palungtar Municipality word no.4 of Gorkha District. Theory of globalization is applied and primary and secondary sources of information are used in this study. One of the result of this paper is women are enjoying modern technology and are increasing involvement in various local institutions and governance. Even though they are not aware about education and to be more advance life like men but they claim that they are more advanced than the previous generation women.
जुद्धशमशेरको इतिहास र देवकोटाको योगदान Juddhashamsherko Itihas ra Devkotako yogdan
Authors: पोखरेल Pokhrel शोभा Shova
Published: February 2021

प्रस्तुत लेखमा एउटा राजनीति व्यक्ति र अर्को साहित्यिक व्यक्तिको चर्चा गरिएको छ । राजनीतिक व्यक्तिमात्यस्तो व्यक्तिको चर्चा गरिएको छ जसको नामसँगै एकतन्त्रीय राणाशासनको अवसान जोडिएको छ । यिनकै समयमानेपालले ठूलो भूकम्पको सामना गर्नु प¥यो । चन्द्रशमशेरका पालमा राणाहरू ए, बि र सि क्लासमा बाँडिए जुद्धशमशेरकापालमा तिनै सि क्लासका राणाले जनतालाई साथ दिएर नेपालमा प्रजातन्त्र ल्याउन सजिलो भयो । नेपालका गौडा–गोश्वाराका विभिन्न विभागमा धेरै रकम बाँकी बक्यौता चलिरहेका थिए यसमा यिनले आम माफी दिए । एकतन्त्रीयनिरंकुश राणाशासन कालका एकजना शासक श्री ३ महाराज जुद्धशमशेरको इतिहास उजागर हुँदैछ भने साहित्यिकव्यक्तिमा नेपाली साहित्यका महाकवि नेपालका एक महान् विभूति, एक बेजोड स्रष्टा, एक करुण महामानव लक्ष्मीप्रसाददेवकोटा जसले नेपाली साहित्यमा पहिलो मौलिक महाकाव्य लेखे, एकै दिनमा खण्डकाव्य लेखे, दश दिनमा महाकाव्यलेखे उनै विभूतिको बारेमा यस लेखमा चर्चा गरिएको छ ।
लहानको मधेस आन्दोलन Lahanko Madhesh Aandolan
Authors: मिश्र Mishra विजयप्रसाद Bijayaprasad
Published: February 2021

नेपालमा मधेसीमूलका मानिसहरूले पहिचान, नागरिकता, सुरक्षा निकाय र निजामति सेवा लगायत राज्यकासबै निकायहरूमा जनसंख्याको आधारमा रोजगारीका अवसरको माग, आत्मनिर्णय सहितको संघीय राज्य, स्वतन्त्र तराईराज्य र सरकारमा प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने जस्ता सवालहरू लिएर मधेसीहरूले सशस्त्र र शान्तिपूर्ण आन्दोलनहरू गरिरहेका छन्। तत्कालिन मधेसी जनअधिकार फोरम नेपालको नेतृत्वमा २०६३ माघ २ गतेदेखि माघ २६ गतेसम्म मधेस आन्दोलनभएको थियो । जुन आन्दोलनको पहिलो सहिद रमेशकुमार महतोलाई माघ ५ गते लहानमा राजमार्गमा गरिएकोचक्काजाम खोल्ने विवादमा माओवादीहरूले गोलिहानी हत्या गरेका थिए । लहानको उक्त घटना पछि मधेस आन्दोलनलेउग्ररूप लिएको थियो । अझ, माओवादीका नेता मातृका यादवले माघ ६ गते राती माओवादीको हुल ल्याई रमेशकुमारमहतोको लाश लुटेर लगेकाले मधेसीको संस्कृतिमा चुनौती दिएको महसुस गरी माघ ७ गतेदेखि गाउँ गाउँवाट मधेसीहरूलहान आएर सरकारी कार्यालयहरू जलाउन थाले । माओवादीको ज्यादती सहेर बसेका स्थानीय सबै आक्रोशित भइआन्दोलनमा सरिक भएपछि मधेस आन्दोलनले विद्रोहको रूप लियो र यो आन्दोलन पूर्वमा झापादेखि पश्चिममापर्सासम्म फैलियो । मधेस आन्दोलनमा लहानमा ५ जना सहिद भएका थिए । जनयुद्धकालमा दुई–दुई पटक माओवादीलेआक्रमण गरेकाले त्रसित भएका स्थानीय नागरिकहरू तेस्रो पटक माओवादीले मधेस आन्दोलनमा हस्तक्षेप गरेकोले ठूलैघटना हुन्छ भनेर भयभित भएका स्थानीय जनातामा लहान आन्दोलनमा भएका क्रियाकलापहरूले मनोवैज्ञानिक असरपरेको थियो । नागरिकले यस्तो आन्दोलन कहिल्यै नभोगेकाले लहानमा भएको मधेस आन्दोलन नौलो र साहसिक थियो ।यसले मधेसीहरूको शक्ति प्रदर्शनी भएको थियो । आन्दोलनमा सशस्त्र भुमिगत समुहहरूको सक्रियता देखिएकोलेहिंसात्मक गतिविधिहरू भएका थिए । तसर्थ लहानको मधेस आन्दोलनले सिंगो मधेस आन्दोलनको नेतृत्व गरिरहेको थियो। लहानको आन्दोलनमा पहाडी समुदाय, पेशागत संघसंस्था, अन्य राजनीतिक पार्टीहरू समेतले एक्यबद्धता जनाएकाले योआन्दोलन समाजका सबै पक्षको सहभागितामा भएको थियो ।
Diaspora: Dislocation, Development and Drawback
Authors: Khanal Baburam
Published: February 2021

This study focuses on painful feelings and bitter experiences of diasporas while they are living in the host land. It stresses on their efforts to maintain connections with people in their homeland. Besides, the research talks about diasporas' attempt to assimilate, acculturate and integrate in the host countries in their dislocated and un-homely state. The study also explores the changing attitude of intellectuals, writers, journalists and politicians of host countries towards diasporas, that they have recognized diasporas' positive culture and economic contribution to host societies. Gradually and cautiously host societies and their governments accept diaspora members' affiliations as legitimate and sought for their permanence. Moreover, in some host countries, and in liberal circles, membership of such entities has been regarded as exciting and advantageous but not as an obstacle. Yet, the migrants constantly face criticisms and detriments. They establish networks back in their country of origin and try to influence homeland's politics and sometimes support the violent activities. On top of that, the continued migration and increase in remittances encourage chain of migration and brain drain, and create instability in homeland economy.
Impact of Firm Specific Factors on Financial Performance of Life Insurance Companies in Nepal
Authors: Hamal Janga Bahadur
Published: February 2021

The financial performance of life insurance companies determines the company’s ability to generate revenues and manage assets, liabilities and the financial interests of its stakeholders. However, there are limited studies discoursing major determinants of companies’ financial performance. To fulfill the gap, this study aimed to determine the effects of various firm-specific factors - firm size, liquidity ratio, short-term debt, long-term investment and firm age - on financial performance of life insurance companies in Nepal. The dependent variables influencing financial performance considered were return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The study was based on secondary data of seven life insurance companies studied over a period of ten years, from 2009/10 to 2018/19. The data were collected from the financial statements published annually by the selected life insurance companies, Insurance Board of Nepal and Nepal Stock Exchange. In order to derive the impacts of firm-specific variables on ROA and ROE, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression models were used. The study identified size and long-term investment to have negative and statistically significant relationship with financial performance. It also showed that higher the age of the company, the more difficult it will be to accumulate profit. The most influencing factors for the financial performance in Nepalese life insurance companies were firm size and long-term investment. Whereas, the explanatory power of liquidity seemed feeble. The findings elucidated that over-investment in long-term investments should be critically considered as it can have adverse effect on future profitability of the companies. Similarly, life insurance companies should increase their size only after careful examination over financial performance as it can result in diseconomies of scale and reduce the firm’s profitability.
नेपाली भाषा र जुम्लामा बोलिने नेपाली भाषाको पदसङ्गति व्यवस्थाको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन Nepali Bhasha ra Jumlama Boline Nepali Bhashako Padsangati Byabsthako Tulanatmak Adhyayan
Authors: लुइटेल Luitel कल्पना Kalpana
Published: February 2021

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन नेपाली भाषाको मूल थलो जुम्लामा बोलिने नेपाली भाषाको पदसङ्गतिको अवस्था केकस्तो रहेको छ भन्ने सन्दर्भमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । यस अध्ययनका लागि जुम्लाका बक्ताले के कस्तोबोल्छन् भनी स्तरीय नेपाली व्याकरणका आधारमा हेरिएको छ । जुम्लाका बक्ताले जुनसुकै पुलिङ्ग कर्तामाआया र स्त्रीलिङ्ग कर्तामा आइगइन क्रियापदको प्रयोग गर्दछन् । यहाँ गाईलाई लक्ष्मीका रूपमा मानिनेहुँदा मानवेत्तर प्राणी भए पनि स्त्रीलिङ्ग तथा सामान्य आदरार्थी तिमीको प्रयोग गरिन्छ । यहाँ अन्यमानवेत्तर प्राणीको नाममामात्र लिङ्गभेदको व्यवस्था देखिन्छ क्रियापदमा देखिदैँन । यहाँ अगणनीय कर्तासँगस्ह्ब्बै, मस्तै जोडेर बहुवचनको क्रियापद बोलिन्छ । यहाँ निकटतम् कर्ताअनुसारको क्रियापद नआईबहुवचनबोधक क्रियापद आएको हुन्छ । यहाँ सबै कर्ममा उस्तै क्रियापदको प्रयोग गरिन्छ । यहाँ आमा,बुबा, दाइ, दिदी, गुरु आदि उच्च आदरार्थी कर्ताअनुसारको क्रियापदको प्रयोग नगरी सामान्य आदरार्थीतिमीको प्रयोग गरिन्छ । यस्तै बहिनी, छोरीमा तिमी सामान्य आदरार्थीको प्रयोग गरिन्छ र अन्य स्त्री रश्रीमतीलाई तँ बोलिन्छ । यहाँ बहुवचनबोधक ‘हरू’ प्रत्ययको अभाव देखिन्छ । यहाँ प्रायःः नामको सट्टामा‘ती’ सर्वनामको प्रगोग पाइन्छ । उच्च आदरार्थी नामको सट्टामा ‘आपू’ सर्वनामको प्रगोग गरिन्छ । प्रथमपुरुषका रूपमा मु, हामी, द्वितीय पुरुषका रूपमा तो, ती र तृतीय पुरुषका रूपमा ती, त्यइखो सर्वनामकोप्रयोग गरिन्छ । यहाँ को, का, कि षष्ठी विभक्तिका सट्टामा क्रमशः ओ, आ, इ को प्रयोग गरिन्छ ।
Morphometric Study of Distal End of Human Dry Radii
Authors: Kadel Muna , Thapa Trilok Pati
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Radius is the lateral bone of forearm. Important parameters of its distal end include angle of radial inclination, palmar tilt, and length of radial styloid process. Morphometry of the distal end of radius is important in various clinical orthopaedic procedures such as reduction of distal radius fractures, design of distal radius prosthesis, and kinematics of the wrist joint. The aim of this study is to determine the angle of radial inclination, palmar tilt, length of styloid process, oblique width, transverse and anteroposterior diameter of distal end of human dry radii in Nepalese population.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the dissection hall of Department of Human Anatomy, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Sanobhyrang, Kathmandu, Nepal from October 2019 to November 2019 after obtaining ethical approval. Total 76 human dry radii were included in the study by convenience sampling method. Angle of radial inclination, palmar tilt, length of styloid process, oblique width, transverse and anteroposterior diameter of distal end of human dry radii were studied. Data was collected and analysed by SPSS version 24.

Results: Mean length of styloid process was 1.09 cm. Mean anteroposterior and transverse diameter of distal end of radius was 1.88 cm and 2.85 cm respectively. Mean oblique width of distal radius was 2.82 cm. The mean palmar tilt and angle of inclination of radius were 9.72 and 23.62 degree respectively.

Conclusions: This study provides the reference data for the anatomical alignment while treating the injuries of the distal end of radius in Nepalese population.
Epidemiology, Clinico-radiological Profile and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal
Authors: Deo Rajeeb Kumar , Chitalkar Prakash , Malla Srijan , KC Indu , Karki Binod , Thapa Rajkumar
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy of gastrointestinal tract presenting in clinical practice. The common etiologies are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcohol consumption. Treatment of HCC is multimodality based on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system. The aim of the article is to study the demographic, clinico-radiological profile and treatment patterns of HCC patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study of patients diagnosed as HCC at Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu, Nepal from April 2017 to March 2020. The study was approved by Institutional Review Committee. Data were collected for demography, clinical feature, histology, HBsAg status, serum AFP values, radiological findings and treatment details from hospital record. Data were analysed using Excel 2010 and SPSS v 21.

Results: Total of 36 patients diagnosed with HCC were included for analysis. There was a male predominance (72.22%) and the mean age was 66.75 ± 12.02 years. Pain abdomen and jaundice were present in 63.89% and 38.89% respectively at presentation and features of chronic liver disease (CLD) were evident in 83.33%. HBsAg was present in 44.44% of HCC. Location of tumour was primarily in right lobe (80.56%) and size of lesion varied greatly. Tissue diagnosis was obtained in 52.78% patients. Chemotherapy option was limited to Sorafenib.

Conclusions: HCC is more prevalent in older males. The common modes of presentation were pain abdomen and jaundice. Most of the HCC had underlying CLD and were advanced. Sorafenib was the mainstay of treatment in advanced HCC.
ХРИСТИАНИЗАЦИЯ РУСИ И ОПЫТЫ «ИСПОВЕДА О СЕБЕ»
Authors: Łucewicz Ludmiła
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена исповедальности как первичной форме автобиографизма. Автор связывает опыты самоосмысления древнерусского человека с таинством покаяния, укоренившимся на Руси вместе с христианизацией. Попытки самоопределения личности рассмотрены на материале трех текстов «Духовной грамоты и исповеди» игумена Иосифо-Волоколамского монастыря Евфимия Туркова, «Повести о житии Мартирия Зеленецкого», «Жития протопопа Аввакума». Как показывает исследование, исповедь почти всегда обусловлена не только потребностью или необходимостью покаяния перед Богом, но и попытками осмысления собственной жизни, создания «истории своей субъективности», куда входят различные формы «исповедания себя». Исповедальность русских авторов включает попытки рефлексии, элементы самоанализа и автобиографизма, молитвенность, назидание, проповедь религиозной нравственности и проч. Через приобщение к христианству человеку Древней Руси стала приоткрываться тайна собственной личности.
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ПАРАДИГМА ПРЕДЛОГА
Authors: Zahnitko Anatolii Panas
Published: February 2021

Прорецензировано оригинальное издание "Русские предлоги и средства предложного типа. Материалы к функционально-грамматическому описанию реального употребления. Кн. 2: Реестр русских предложных единиц: А – В (объективная грамматика)" ( Издательство УРСС, Москва 2018) с определением статуса формально-грамматической, семантической и морфосинтаксической их парадигм, рассмотрением эволюции взглядов авторов материалов и выявлением квалифицирующих признаков ядерной, приядерной, первой периферийной и второй периферийной зон предложных единиц. Рассмотрены особенности лексикографической статьи в анализируемых материалах и установлены квалификационные характеристики статуса предложных единиц в семантико-синтаксической и коммуникативной страктурах предложения.
ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАЛЛЕЛИ В МЕТАЯЗЫКЕ СЛАВЯНСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ КРИТИКИ
Authors: Petrova Tetiana
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с созданием терминологической критики как самостоятельной терминологической секции. Мета-язык терминологической критики не имеет четких границ. Мы заключаем, что терминологическое сходство в синхронно сравниваемых славянских метаязыках этого направления формально совпадает с абсолютно сходящимися семантическими структурами. Выяснилось, что украинские и белорусские мета-единицы чаще совпадают по форме, а реже - с русскими и польскими. Иностранные языковые единицы доминируют над мета-языком изучаемых славянских критиков. Мета-язык украинских критиков богат синонимами, для него характерна индивидуальная внутриязыковая омонимия. Самосуществование украинского метаязыка, в отличие от русского и белорусского языков,
Things Are Heating Up
Authors: Farnell Ian
Published: February 2021

This article offers a short scholarly reflection on the 20th international conference of the Utopian Studies Society, themed around utopia, dystopia and climate change, and hosted by Monash University’s European centre in Prato, Italy. Engaging with numerous threads which emerged organically across multiple panels, this article positions the notions of change, resistance, and activism within the heart of the conference’s focus. In doing so, it relates the implications of these discussions to the wider ecological future of the planet, asking how utopian ideals are enacted, challenged and expanded in a time of global crisis. Simultaneously, it turns its gaze inwards, applying its thinking to the structures of the conference and Society itself, asking how utopian principles may be practised within the workings of utopian studies itself, as well as the wider academic field.
Environmental Crisis, Cli-fi, and the Fate of Humankind in Richard Jefferies’ After London and Robert Harris’ The Second Sleep
Authors: Tait Adrian
Published: February 2021

This article discusses two instances of ‘Anthropocene fiction’ (Trexler, 2015: 4) that engage with the environmental crisis that industrial modernity has generated: Richard Jefferies’ After London (1885), and Robert Harris’ The Second Sleep (2019), which both depict a future in which technological civilisation has collapsed, and the non-human world is resurgent. Like climate change fiction, or cli-fi, these novels are concerned with the elusive and unpredictable environmental risks that modern societies inadvertently create, and with finding ways to negotiate the representational challenge of those risks; unlike many instances of climate change fiction, however, these novels do not set out to warn their readers of what is to come, or lament the disaster they depict. They are instead concerned with the legacy of technological civilisation – a legacy of risk and uncertainty – and the question of whether that legacy can ever be escaped. Neither novel offers an answer; but nor do they foreclose its possibility.
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Authors: Horsfield Robert
Published: February 2021

This article performs a close reading of the Philip K. Dick novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? While developing the argument for an ‘ironic’ usage of the concept of the Anthropocene. This ironised conception is one that intends to countenance both the Anthropocene’s strength as a designation of human impact on the non-human and the important, valid critiques responding to the Anthropocene. Philip K Dick’s work, in particular Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? is a superb illustration of such an ironic dynamic because of the dual narrative structure present. For example, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? raises questions about human identity that, while metaphysical, have great significance materially for the characters in the novel, and can be understood as a form of structural discrimination.  To demonstrate this ironic duality that should be brought to the Anthropocene, the article draws on Nick Land’s essay Kant, Capital, and the Prohibition of Incest: A Polemical Introduction to the Configuration of Philosophy and Modernity.
Exchanges Discourse Podcast
A Conversation with...Rob Horsfield [16:41]
A Change in the Wind
Authors: Johnson Gareth J
Published: February 2021

In this editorial for the special ‘climate fiction’ issue of Exchanges, the editor-in-chief reflects on the trials and tribulations experienced along the way to its publication, in the wake of the COVID crisis. He briefly gives tribute to the associate editors, drawn from the post-graduate researcher community, who helped to shape the issue, before spotlighting each of the articles published in this issue. The piece closes by including a reminder for currently open calls for contributions, along with acknowledgements to the wider team who create the journal.
CAMERA BRANDING CALON WALIKOTA DI MEDIA SOSIAL (Studi Kasus Pilwakot 2015 Paslon Idris-Pradi)
Authors: Andriana Dina , Widarti Widarti , Fadilah Jusuf
Published: February 2021

Abstract This study discusses the case of camera branding conducted by the regional head candidate pair Idris-Pradi on social media as a campaign tool in obtaining votes in PILWAKOT DEPOK 2015. The study uses a qualitative approach with a constructivist paradigm, the nature of descriptive research with the case study research method from Yin. The forms of photo / camera branding can be seen from the use of shooting ranging from shooting, angle of view (angle) shooting, the type of lens used, the focal point used, lighting and prominent coloration in photographs. In addition, the camera branding element in the form of an authentic element and the unique element of the paslon profile also supports the level of electability. The use of photo / camera branding can have direct and indirect effects for voters. And voters in Depok are more of the majority of traditional voter types, although around 37.6% of voters in Depok are of productive age.
Justified: Transitioning the Old TV Western Lawman into a New Television Protagonist
Authors: Stewart Karen
Published: February 2021

The western has long been a staple genre of American television. Starting in the late 1960s, however, the genre began falling out of favour as its stock content—the relatively simple moral exploration of right and wrong—shifted to detective shows and police procedurals. The “new television” trend, however, brought about a revival of the western. Central to this revival is the TV series Justified, which demonstrates that old western tropes and storylines can be made popular again if the tropes receive socially aware updates and moral questions about right and wrong are not presented with easy or obvious answers. This article provides a rhetorical analysis of the first season of Justified and identifies the specific strategies used to modernize the American western genre: (1) shifting from episodic to serial narrative structure; (2) presenting male characters struggling with identity roles within the context of contemporary identity/masculinity politics; (3) presenting female characters with more narrative complexity and agency; and (4) updating the setting to better engage cultural themes. It concludes by arguing that these strategies allowed the series to successfully revive the best elements of the old western and return the television western to a culturally relevant position.
Fleabag,Modernism, and New Television
Authors: Shuster Martin
Published: February 2021

This article reflects on the recent prominence of direct address—characters speaking directly to the camera—within new television. With particular reference to Phoebe Waller-Bridge’s Fleabag (BBC Three, 2016–19), the phenomenon of direct address is in this context situated amid the broader history of pictorial art, especially painting and the problem of theatricality first introduced by Denis Diderot in the eighteenth century and taken up in the last century by Michael Fried. The article concludes by showing how Fleabag’s use of direct address both fits neatly into this art history and moves beyond it, showing especially how Fleabag’s use of direct address substantially comments on modernity, on the status of art (especially new television), and even on the status of religion.
Clopidogrel: An Original Drug or a Generic?
Authors:   Regional Clinical Cardiology Dispensary, Andreeva A.V. ,   Ryazan, Russian Federation, Filippov E.V. ,   Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Ryazan, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

Objective: To analyse studies assessing the therapeutic equivalence of the original Clopidogrel and its generics. Key Points. Most studies assessing the therapeutic equivalence (impact on the platelets aggregation and the risk of myocardial infarction) of the original Clopidogrel and its generics demonstrated their interchangeability. Still, most of the results were generated in small observational studies, therefore they are not reliable enough. Conclusion. For the final confirmation of the therapeutic equivalence of the Clopidogrel and its generics, larger studies are required. Keywords: Clopidogrel, original drug, generic, therapeutic equivalence.
Respiratory Diseases and Hyperammoniemia
Authors:   I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, Bakulin I.G. ,   St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Chizhova O.Yu. ,   I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health; St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Belousova L.N. ,   I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health; St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Pavlova E.Yu. ,   I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health; St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Sushilova A.G. ,   I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health; St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Sheiko A.D. ,   I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health; St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Alieva M.K. ,   I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health; St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

Study Objective: To assess the incidence of hyperammoniemia in respiratory diseases. Materials and Methods. 36 patients with respiratory diseases took part in the study: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (21 (58.3%) patients), chronic bronchitis (5 (13.9%) patients), and pneumonia (10 (27.8%) patients). Mean age was 66.8 ± 11.8 years; 9 (25.0%) females and 27 (75.0%) males. Each patient had his/her capillary ammonia measured (microdiffusion). In order to assess the nutrition status, all patients had their primary somatometry measured: height, weight, body mass index, inactive arm circumference, waist circumference, skin-fat rolls thickness under biceps, above triceps, below shoulder blade angle, in inguinal region. Study Results. 9 (25.0%) out of 36 patients had hyperammoniemia (capillary ammonia level: 74.0 ± 7.1 nmol/L); their mean age was 62.3 ± 18.2 years. Patients with COPD/chronic bronchitis had significantly higher ammonia concentration (60.7 ± 16.6 mol/L) vs. patients with pneumonia (48.4 ± 14.3 mol/L; t = 2.2, p < 0.03). COPD patients demonstrated significant differences in ammonia levels depending on duration of disease. In the group of higher ammonia concentration, COPD lasted significantly longer (t = 4.03 p = 0.001). We did not find any sound correlation between nutritional (trophological) status and ammonia concentrations in patients with respiratory diseases (t < 2, p > 0.05). Conclusion. In 25% of cases, respiratory diseases were associated with hyperammoniemia that is non-cirrhotic, because hepatobiliary disorders in this group of patients were an exclusion criterion. Although no statistically significant correlation between non-cirrhotic hyperammoniemia and nutritional (trophological) status was demonstrated, pathogenic relations between them cannot be ruled out. Whether underweight is a determining factor in non-cirrhotic hyperammoniemia is still unclear and requires further research and more observations. Keywords: ammonia, non-cirrhotic hyperammoniemia, nutritional (trophological) status, respiratory diseases.
Successful Use of Bronchial Thermoplastics in a Female Patient with Severe Bronchial Asthma
Authors:   Central Scientific and Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Kuklina G.M. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Sivokozov I.V. ,   Central Scientific and Research Institute of Tuberculosis; Moscow, Russian Federation, Makaryants N.N. ,   Central Scientific and Research Institute of Tuberculosis; Moscow, Russian Federation, Shmelev E.I. ,   Central Scientific and Research Institute of Tuberculosis; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

Objective: To describe the use of bronchial thermoplastics (BT) in a female patient with severe hormone-dependent bronchial asthma (BA). Key Points. Because of the history of unsuccessful use of the basic BA therapy and continuous inefficient use of the systemic glucocorticosteroids, the patient underwent a three-session BT. Her condition stabilised on day 5–6 following each BT session: shortness of breath retracted, stridor and sputum discharge disappeared. During a follow-up visit in 6 months, the patient had basic therapy (budesonide with formoterol (Symbicort) 160/4.5μg, 2 doses bid, methylprednisolone 4mg, once daily); she had no complains. The patient had vesicular respiration without stridor; forced expiratoty volume1 was 95%, lung capacity was 113%. Conclusion. Three BT sessions allowed minimising glucocorticosteroids dose, adjusting basic therapy and achieving long-term BA remission. Keywords: bronchial asthma, bronchial thermoplastics, glucocorticosteroids.
Chondrocalcinosis: An Early Sign of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors:   Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology, Eliseev M.S. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Novikova A.M. ,   Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology; Moscow, Russian Federation, Zhelyabina O.V. ,   Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

Objective: To deeply analyse a case of a patient with calcium pyrophosphate crystal storage disease, where chondrocalcinosis (CC) preceded primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Key Points. The association of CC and hyperparathyroidism is well-known; and CC is recognised as one of the late signs of hyperparathyroidism. We describe a 67-year old patient with PHPT, presenting for a long time only with X-ray CC and chronic arthritis, associated with calcium pyrophosphate deposits. At the same time, he did not have any electrolyte imbalances, had normal serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels; PHPT was diagnosed after 10 years of follow-up when the patient developed life-threatening hypercalcemia. It can be assumed that, unlike other musculoskeletal signs, CC can be one of the earliest symptoms of hyperparathyroidism. Treating CC as a late sign of hyperparathyroidism is likely to be associated with challenges of early diagnosis (asymptomatic in some patients, low sensitivity of X-ray diagnostics). In order to assess the diagnostic value of CC in hyperparathyroidism, including patients with normal calcium levels, specific tests are essential. Conclusion. Target examination for CC using highly-sensitive methods in patients with minor calcium metabolism disturbances, high/normal parathyroid hormone level or slightly increased parathyroid hormone level and normal calcium can improve the detection frequency of both CC and PHPT and follow-up of such patients. Early PHPT diagnosis (prior to clinical presentation) can help in preventing severe, life-threatening complications. Keywords: chondrocalcinosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid hormone, calcium pyrophosphate crystal storage disease, hypercalcemia.
Analisis Luas Lahan Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Metode FuzzyAHP Terhadap Resiko Pelaku Usaha
Authors: Paduloh  , Purnomo Rakhmat , Widyantoro Murwan
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to identify the risk of oil palm land ownership and the relationship between oil palm land area and farmers' income, the level of welfare of farmers and workers in oil palm plantations. This research can be a reference for businesses who will invest in oil palm plantations. The research was conducted by giving questionnaires to experts, the experts in question were oil palm industry players and were able to make decisions. The results of the questionnaire are processed using Fuzzy AHP to determine the degree of importance of each expert. The results obtained are the biggest risk at the actor level is the farmer, at the level of the highest risk criteria is the increase in the amount of supply while at the alternative level is the risk of quality.
Analisis Pengaruh Budaya 5R dan Kinerja Karyawan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan PT.Indoporlen
Authors: Krismahariyanto Mei , Prastya Mohamad
Published: February 2021

The research using amount 100 of data which taken in proportionate stratified random sampling,  the examination of data using in quantitative statistical with aid of correlation technique of SPSS method version 16.0, The Quantitative calculation through statistical analysis produces the result value of R coefficient 0,750 which contributes to the meaning both variables of 5S customs (X1) and employee performances (X2) have strong correlation against customer satisfaction (Y), valuable contribution / effect of both independent variables which observed to dependent variable (Y) was expressed to R square value or coefficient determination R square (R2) result shown 0,892 or 89,2%. This value expressed that contribution / effect from both independent variables is 89,2% whereas the remain 1,8% was influenced by or revealed by another variables which loose observed. The result of F test taken from Anova as known that F count 5,112 is bigger than F table 3,0902 (5,112 > 3,0902) in significant a 0,05. The comparison value means both variables in mutual have any correlation to customer’s satisfaction
Sistem Informasi Produksi Barang Pada PT ABC
Authors: Rusmawan Uus
Published: February 2021

This study discusses the manufacture of goods production applications in manufacturing companies. Problems that arise include the difficulty of obtaining information relating to the process of production of goods from the purchase of raw materials, the use of raw materials for production, sale of finished goods and information on stock of raw materials for production and finished goods. One of the main objectives of this study is to overcome the deficiencies mentioned above in terms of presenting information and reporting the production process of goods. This research method uses waterfall. The results of research in the form of application of the production of goods provide one alternative solution to the availability of information systems for the production of goods for interested parties
Analisis Air Buangan Kantin di Kampus II Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya
Authors: Adhani Lisa , Kartika Wahyu , Navanti Dovina
Published: February 2021

Canteen is a producer of domestic liquid waste that has the potential to cause pollution. Likewise with the student canteen, it has the potential to produce waste that causes environmental pollution if it is not treated properly. The use of Montecarlo software in this study is to support quantitative analysis in predicting potential pollution from Ubhara canteen waste with Crystall ball prediction. The results of laboratory analysis in the form COD, BOD dan TSS, showed that the quality of the canteen waste water did not meet the requirements for wastewater quality standard based on Ministry of Environment Decree No. 112 of 2003. Supported by the results of CB Predictor simulations showing the potential of pollution of the Ubhara canteen waste water to the environment continues to increase significantly, also seen from the Double Exponential Smoothing Method, producing MAD (Mean Absolute Deviation) 170.82, Theil's U 0.9951, and Confidence Interval Lower 5% and Upper 99.5%.
Perancangan Web Jasa Penyewaan Sound System Pada Eman Sounds
Authors: Yuniva Ika , Andriansah  , Arkab M. Seprian Alfath
Published: February 2021

Eman Sounds is a business venture in the field of sound system rental services. The Eman sounds does not currently have a website application. The leasing service transaction system is still done conventionally, where if anyone wants to rent a sound system for a wedding or other official event can come directly to the Eman Sounds to see and rent it. For transaction reports sound system rental services are still recorded with paper so as to allow for data loss and errors in recording transactions. The purpose of this study is that the author will design a web sound system rental service for Eman Sounds so that it is expected to simplify the process of leasing transactions and making rental reports. The author uses the system development method, namely the waterfall model for this study. The use of PHP and HTML programming languages ​​the author uses to create web rental services and MYSQL as the database. The results of this study are expected that with a web design sound system rental service can help Eman Sounds in the process of managing rental transactions and reports.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Jasa Wedding Organizer pada CV. Boganesia Jaya Berbasis Web
Authors: Agustin Difia , Ulan Bani Alexius , Fauziyah
Published: February 2021

The presence of technology and science has evolved in the world of work and its development, in this Globalization Era, it requires people to participate in these developments. This method uses processing in the field of work which was initially managed manually by recording orders written in a ledger, now managed using modern technology. From the results of this study it can be seen that in recording existing orders on the CV. Boganesia Jaya has not implemented the system or is still using manual methods. In that case some suggestions can be given to the company for further development by means of an information system designed using an application with the web-based PHP and MySQL programming language to solve this problem in CV. Boganesia Jaya which is more effective and accurate.
A new genus of the tribe Doryctini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae)
Authors: Belokobylskij S.A.
Published: February 2021

A new doryctine genus Cryptontsira gen. n. is described and illustrated. Two species are included in this genus: widely distributed pan-tropical Doryctes parvus Muesebeck (type species) and Australian D. laemosacci Nixon.
A new species of the genus Pentaphyllus Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Diaperinae) from the Baltic amber and checklist of the fossil Tenebrionidae
Authors: Kirejtshuk A.G. , Merkl O. , Kernegger F.
Published: February 2021

Pentaphillus cioides sp. nov. is described from Baltic amber and data on pre-Pleistocene fossil Tenebrionidae are given.
A new replacement name for junior homonym Sichuania Lopatin, 2002 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
Authors: Lopatin I.K.
Published: February 2021

New replacement name proposed for subgenus Sichuania Lop. in genus Meristata Strand.
WAYS OF FORMING PROFESSIONAL GRAPHIC COMPETENCE OF FUTURE ARCHITECTS
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Brednyova V. P.
Published: February 2021

In the article actuality of research of questions of reformation is certain in the system of higher education, including from the point of view of improvement of modern principles of teaching of graphic disciplines creation of that assists forming of professional graphic competence students of architectural specialties. The forward process of improvement of educational activity produces new requirements to educating, in particular to his quality constituent, in this connection there is a necessity of development of mechanisms of the permanent monitoring of progress. The European model of education on the nearest future plugs in itself one of directions beginning such type of educating, that is characterized the considerable volume of independent work and active bringing in of students of creative specialties to the real projects, already from the first course, that it is impossible without steady skills individual graphic competence. In the last few years the circle of tasks that can be decided by graphic methods broadened, from meaningfulness of graphic disciplines that mortgage bases of the spatial thinking is accordingly enhance able therefore. The aim of our study is to analyze and summarize the results of experiments on the effect of quality of graphic competence of students which contributes to the effectiveness of their professional development. Long-term practice of teaching and exchange of experience in the methodology of graphic disciplines has shown that the formation of professional competence is impossible without a thorough study of the foundations of graphic literacy, whose essence lies in the study of the discipline Descriptive Geometry. Graphic education is a process, which leads to student’s gaining knowledge and skills of work with graphical information. The development of the ability to correctly perceive, create, store and transmit different graphical information about objects, processes and phenomena is the task of graphic training of professional education. Professional knowledge is objective necessary knowledge and abilities that is highly sought by future practical activity.
PARAMETRIC MODELING IN ARCHITECTURE ON THE EXAMPLE OF CREATIVITY OF ZAHA HADID
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Dolgikh T. A.
Published: February 2021

Modern architecture is parametric architecture. Parametric entered our life not only through architecture, but also through design, fashion, industry, art. Zaha Hadid’s leading architects for many years successfully working in the style of parametric. Although parametric is rooted in digital animation techniques of the mid-1990s, it only became fully apparent in recent years with the development of advanced parametric computer programs. The so-called digital architecture, closely associated with programming, automatically converts volume, making it technically and economically feasible. Using computer programs, we can create a “thinking” building. Using the morphogenesis algorithm applied to different situations, we get unique buildings that are members of the same “population”. The most modern example of analysis allows us to determine the patterns of regional development by 25 parameters. Programmers have developed various scripts that form blocks around the perimeter, depending on the size of the land, proportion and orientation. These scripts are used in their work by leading architects in the field of parametric. This is best seen in the master plans of Zaha Hadid. Thus, the dynamic parametric architecture doesn’t create a separate building, but integrates it into the structure of space, linking modern architecture with the historical development of the city.
Challenging Illiteracy: A Human Capital Approach
Authors: Malik Javed Mahmood
Published: February 2021

The performance of the Punjab Province of Pakistan in girl's literacy has been like a leader in Pakistan. But inside Punjab Rawalpindi Division is an example for others. This study analyzes the factors behind this high performance. Personal, inside family and outside family factors have been focused on. The findings show that, amongst the personal factors, elderly people are less literate. Amongst the outside factors, the urban/rural categorization plays an important role, but quite interestingly the rural literacy rate is higher. Out of inside family factors, the unmarried girls, than boys, influence literacy. The 'Income of the household' factor has been non-influential on literacy. The presence of working individuals negatively influences household literacy. The family size is negatively related to literacy rate. A literate household head has a positive effect on literacy of his/her family.
Interplay of COVID-19 induced Stress and Psychological Effects on Students' Language Learning: A Mixed Approach
Authors: Khan Mamona Yasmin , Chaudhary Fariha , Choudhry Aqsa
Published: February 2021

The present research explores the interplay between COVID induced stress and its probable effects on students' language learning. It hopes to demonstrate to what extent students experienced stress owing to quarantine. How that stress affected their language learning and what probable strategies they devised in order to tackle that stress. Furthermore, it also tries to see whether female students experienced greater stress as compared to male students. The theoretical insights for this have been drawn from the 'Transactional Model of Stress' developed by Lazarus and Folkman in 1984. The method chosen for this paper was a mixed approach, including close-ended questionnaires using 'Google forms' and open-ended call interviews through WhatsApp. The results t found shows that above 90% of learners see COVID as a stimulus of stress and fear, disturbing them psychologically. Almost 66% of learners are of the view that females become more stressed than males. And round about 84% agreed to the fact that COVID is a cause of stress which can be coped and managed by adopting some effective strategies. In this study, it was found that the stress and language learning are dependent variables and COVID is an independent variable which has caused stress, leading to negatively affected language learning. The findings of this study can offer a larger scope in understanding the interplay of human stress and anxiety with the environmental stress other than COVID-19 as well.
The status and ways of providing the rural population employment in Ukraine
Authors: Patyka Nataliia , Nartiuk Oksana
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyse the status, highlight the basic factors of influence and determine the main ways to provide employment of the rural population in Ukraine. Research methods. In order to assess the status and trends in the employment of the rural population, economic and statistical methods (comparative analysis, average and relative values, trend analysis, graphical method, index analysis, etc.) were used in analytical studies. To determine the factors influencing the rural population employment, a system analysis was used. With the assistance of the abstract-logical method and the method of generalization, the ways of realization of the state policy for the support and development of the agrarian sphere in order to provide the rural population employment were outlined. Research results. It has been established that the dynamics of the level of the rural population employment in Ukraine has a cyclical nature – at the stage of economic growth, it rises, followed by a period of decline (at the stage of economic downturn). It has been substantiated that the characteristic features of rural employment are: a reduction in the rural population, including the economically active, deformation of its age structure, misbalancing of the conjuncture of the rural labour market, lack of developed social infrastructure, reduction of the sphere of agricultural works, changes in the structure of agricultural production, low wages, etc. The factors of influence on the rural population employment in Ukraine are systematized by groups: individual, socio-demographic, economic, political and institutional. The main ways to provide employment of the rural population in Ukraine are identified. Scientific novelty. The scientific and methodological approaches to the study of the rural population employment in terms of determining the influence factors and organizational and economic basis for providing of the rural population employment in Ukraine were further developed. Namely, the priority directions of state policy have been identified, which are aimed at providing employment of the rural population through the adoption of legal, institutional, sectoral, economic, investment and innovation, business and other measures. Practical significance. The main thesis and conclusions set out in the article have been brought to the level of practical recommendations, the implementation of which will improve the process of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of the rural population employment in Ukraine, will optimize approaches to the development of programs to provide of the rural population employment.