bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithuanian children on the internet: A comparison of the use of internet in 2010 and 2018
Authors: Grigutytė Neringa , Raižienė Saulė , Pakalniškienė Vilmantė , Povilaitis Robertas
Published: January 2019

The accessibility of the internet and the availability of online services in Lithuania are steadily increasing; the demand for some services is almost twice the EU average and is growing every year. In the context of Europe, Lithuania is among the countries with high internet use, which increases the risk and threat to children through the internet. In a study conducted by the EU Kids Online II in 2010, it was found that Lithuanian children lack the skills of safe use of internet, while parents lack the knowledge and ability to ensure the safe use of internet by their children. The purpose of this article is to identify how children’s threats and the involvement of parents in ensuring the safe use of internet by their children are changing as the access to information technology and the internet grows. During a survey conducted in 2018, 1 012 children aged 9 to 17 years and one of each of their parents were interviewed. These data were compared to the data from 2010 survey, when 1 004 online users aged 9 to 16 years and one of each of their parents were interviewed. The results revealed that in 2018, children and their parents spend more time on the internet. Children spend 4–5 hours on the internet every day and it is approximately one hour longer than in 2010. Children use a variety of devices to connect to the internet and use the internet to perform various activities, especially the sharing of pictures, watching videos and playing games on the internet, and more often use social networks sites. The most popular social network is Facebook. In the current year, children are less likely to share their personal information, communicate less with strangers, but children experience more abusive behavior from others online and have more access to sexual content in 2018 than in previous years. Parents report less negative experience and technical threats, such as the use of a child’s personal information or device infection with a virus, regarding their children spending their time on the internet. The data suggests that parents nowadays seldom are in the same room with the child while he/she is on the internet, but parents talk with children on safety issues, encourage them and are interested in their activities on the internet more often than in previous years.
Cognitive Outcomes and Positional Plagiocephaly
Authors: Collett Brent R. , Wallace Erin R. , Kartin Deborah , Cunningham Michael L. , Speltz Matthew L.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:

Studies have revealed an association between positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB) and development, although little is known about long-term outcomes. We examined cognition and academic achievement in children with and without PPB, testing the hypothesis that children who had PPB as infants would score lower than controls.

METHODS:

We enrolled 187 school-aged children with a history of PPB and 149 controls. Exposures were the presence or absence and severity of infancy PPB (mild, moderate to severe). Cognitive and academic outcomes were assessed by using the Differential Ability Scales, Second Edition and Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Third Edition, respectively.

RESULTS:

Children with PPB scored lower than controls on most scales of the Differential Ability Scales, Second Edition (standardized effect sizes [ESs] = −0.38 to −0.20) and the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Third Edition (ESs = −0.22 to −0.17). Analyses by PPB severity revealed meaningful differences among children with moderate to severe PPB (ESs = −0.47 to −0.23 for 8 of 9 outcomes), but few differences in children with mild PPB (ESs = −0.28 to 0.14).

CONCLUSIONS:

School-aged children with moderate to severe PPB scored lower than controls on cognitive and academic measures; associations were negligible among children with mild PPB. The findings do not necessarily imply that these associations are causal; rather, PPB may serve as a marker of developmental risk. Our findings suggest a role for assessing PPB severity in clinical practice: providing developmental assessment and intervention for infants with more severe deformation and reassurance and anticipatory guidance for patients with mild deformation.
Aislantes topológicos en la espintrónica
Authors: Galeano González David Andrés
Published: January 2019

En esta revisión, los aislantes topológicos son considerados como materiales para el desarrollo de dispositivos espintrónicos. En primer lugar, se introduce el término de aislante topológico y se explican sus propiedades asociadas. Posteriormente, se estudian los conceptos de las corrientes de espín en los que se fundamenta la espintrónica para luego mostrar algunos desarrollos teóricos y experimentales que se han llevado a cabo con los aislantes topológicos. Finalmente, se da un panorama de los retos y oportunidades que se tienen a futuro.En esta revision, los aislantes topologicos son considerados como materiales para el desarrollode dispositivos espintronicos. En primer lugar, se introduce el termino de aislante topologico y se explicansus propiedades asociadas. Posteriormente, se estudian los conceptos de las corrientes de espn en los quese fundamenta la espintronica para luego mostrar algunos desarrollos teoricos y experimentales que se hanllevado a cabo con los aislantes topologicos. Finalmente, se da un panorama de los retos y oportunidadesque se tienen a futuro.
Almidón resistente en la nutrición de animales monogástricos I: concepto, clasificación y fuentes
Authors: Salazar-Acosta Ericka
Published: January 2019

El almidón resistente (AR) se define como la suma del almidón y productos de la degradación del mismo que no son absorbidos en el intestino, y es uno de los principales sustratos de fermentación que se encuentran en el colon. Existen cuatro tipos de AR: el tipo I, almidón físicamente inaccesible en la matriz del alimento; el tipo II, almidón que en su estado nativo se encuentra en forma de gránulos en el interior de la célula vegetal, tiene un alto contenido de amilosa; el tipo III, también conocido como almidón retrogradado y el tipo IV, almidón artificial modificado químicamente. La determinación analítica para comprobar AR en el laboratorio consiste en el método in vitro enzimático Holm para almidón total y Goñi para almidón resistente, además de otro propuesto por la AOAC donde se sustituyen productos colorimétricos por curvas alcanzadas mediante HPLC. El AR es considerado una fibra dietética, estando presente en granos, leguminosas, tubérculos y frutas, principalmente en musáceas, teniendo una presencia del 15 al 50%, en base seca, de acuerdo a la variedad estudiada. El objetivo de esta revisión es caracterizar el término de almidón resistente y ejemplificarlo en materias primas de uso tradicional y no tradicional para alimentación animal, principalmente para animales monogástricos.
Is Targeting the Folate Receptor in Ovarian Cancer Coming of Age?
Authors: Birrer Michael J. , Betella Ilaria , Martin Lainie P. , Moore Kathleen N.
Published: January 2019

Prognosis for women with epithelial ovarian cancer remains poor. One new molecular target in epithelial ovarian cancer is folate receptor alpha (FRα). This commentary discusses the characteristics that contribute to its attractiveness as a candidate for therapeutic intervention.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor–Secreting Mesothelial Cell Sheets Suppress Progressive Fibrosis in a Rat Model of CKD
Authors: Oka Masatoshi , Sekiya Sachiko , Sakiyama Ryoichi , Shimizu Tatsuya , Nitta Kosaku
Published: January 2019

Significance Statement

No effective therapy is currently available to directly address a key feature of CKD progression: interstitial fibrosis leading to a loss of peritubular capillaries (PTCs). One potential antifibrotic candidate, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), cannot be applied in clinical settings owing to its short t
1/2 in blood and elimination by other organs, such as the liver. The authors describe use of a novel HGF therapy using cell sheet technology: transplantation of transgenic HGF-secreting mesothelial cell sheets to the kidney in a CKD rat model. The HGF-secreting cell sheet directly suppresses interstitial fibrosis for 28 days and prevents loss of peritubular capillaries. Inhibition of CKD progression requires long-term suppression of fibrosis, and cell sheet therapy represents a promising strategy for achieving that goal.

Background

Although hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has antifibrotic effects and is involved in angiogenesis and vasodilation, systemic administration of HGF to prevent kidney fibrosis is not a feasible strategy for suppressing interstitial fibrosis in patients with CKD.

Methods

We investigated a novel therapy involving HGF transgenic cell sheets grown in culture from human mesothelial cells and administered to rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). We compared progression of fibrosis in rats with UUO that received one of five interventions: HGF-transgenic mesothelial cell sheets transplanted to the kidney surface, HGF-transgenic mesothelial cell sheets transplanted to thigh, mesotherial cell sheets transplanted to kidney, no sheets, or HGF injections.

Results

HGF transgenic cell sheets transplanted to the kidney strongly suppressed the induction of myofibroblasts and collagen in the kidney for 28 days; other interventions did not. Additionally, the HGF-secreting cell sheets ameliorated loss of peritubular capillaries and maintained renal blood flow.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that cell sheet therapy is a novel and promising strategy for inhibiting progressive fibrosis in CKD.
MAIS QUE UMA ESCRITORA, UMA SENTIDORA: CLARICE LISPECTOR E A EXPRESSÃO DO ESTADO DE ANGÚSTIA EM A HORA DA ESTRELA
Authors: Piazza Gai Eunice Terezinha , Batista Bianca Cardoso
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho objetiva compreender/interpretar a obra A hora da estrela, de Clarice Lispector, sob a perspectiva do narrador, identificando e refletindo acerca da angústia do mesmo. O estudo, de caráter hermenêutico, contempla aspectos da vida e obra da escritora, apresenta considerações teóricas sobre o narrador e sobre a angústia. A partir de filósofos como Sartre, Heidegger, e Kierkegaard busca estabelecer relações entre esta, os sentimentos do narrador Rodrigo S. M. e a personagem Macabéa.
La libertad incorporada como clave para la neuroeducación moral
Authors: Gracia Javier , Gozálvez Vicent
Published: January 2019

Abstract Freedom is one of the main attributes with which the human being has traditionally been characterized. The objective of this paper is to analyse whether, in the light of neuroscientific research and experiments, it is possible to continue characterizing the human being as a being with freedom. To this end, the well-known Benjamin Libet experiment and the reductionist conclusions that influential authors such as Patricia S. Churchland or Michael Gazzaniga extract for philosophy are mentioned. From a hermeneutical methodology, it is denounced the neuroscientific reductionism that aims to deny freedom based on empirical evidence. Faced with this reductionism, it is proposed a hermeneutic approach that complements the neuroscientific discoveries about the functioning of the brain with the moral perspective of the agent. From this approach it is possible to speak of ‘embodied freedom’, which overcomes both an irreconcilable vision between nature and freedom and a reductionist vision of the nature of freedom. The application of this embodied freedom into the plane of moral neuroeducation is especially important since it allows us to understand moral learning as a synergistic action of the corporal substrates and the moral ideas. By taking into account both the phylogenetic explanation of morality (focusing on the neurobiology of the moral nature) and the cultural dimension of moral education (focusing on moral progress from education), it is possible to achieve a more comprehensively approach to the phenomenon of neuroeducation moral. Both the concept of coevolution and the neuroeducation of care and justice contribute to recognizing the embodied freedom as a fundamental key to moral neuroeducation.
Mecanismos biológicos del aprendizaje y el control neural en los periodos sensibles de desarrollo infantil
Authors: Chávez Vaca Vinicio Alexander
Published: January 2019

The present study aimed to describe the biological mechanisms of learning, fundamentally those that affect the sensitive periods of child development. In order to achieve this objective, the documentary bibliography was used as the main research method, through which the existing information on the topic under analysis was consulted, allowing a compilation of the doctrine both nationally and internationally in this regard. They reviewed books, journals, essays and research papers, which made it possible to identify the main concepts and thoughts that have been built around learning from philosophy and practice. The methodological approach of the research turned out to be qualitative, from which it is concluded that the learning process starts from a genetic and biological condition that manages to transform itself from the social interaction that the boy or girl achieves with his fellow and with the adults who they participate, guide and guide the teaching process. The construction of knowledge is, therefore, an eminently active process not only because it responds to neuronal exchange but also because it varies according to the social historical context that stimulates children’s development, allows it to develop in an integral manner and contributes to the experience, the exchange with other people and the environment that surrounds them positively affects their thinking, attention and education in general.
Las ciencias naturales como un saber integrador
Authors: Jaramillo Naranjo Lilian Mercedes
Published: January 2019

The present article aims to analyze modern pedagogical trends and contribute with innovative methodologies in the teaching of the natural sciences area in order to enable lasting scientific knowledge through educational mediations embodied in integrative projects and creative classes. The study considers reflections of several researchers that support the integrative approach and interdisciplinarity; points of view that allow lasting, integral and holistic learning. These didactic conceptions allow us to value science as the only non-fractionated one. Therefore, the research starts from considerations of science, significant learning, innovative didactic guidelines for the classroom, and the role of the teacher against the taboo “the teacher teaches science or transmits science”. To conclude, it is argued that this area corresponds to the factual sciences; that is, the discovery of science with experimental didactic proposals “learning by doing” that lead the student to enhance abilities, skills, and cognitive abilities in search of proven knowledge, as well as the study and management of the scientific method with its processes and techniques to adopt a scientific attitude before laws, principles and phenomena of nature.With this scenario, it is worth noting that the organization of knowledge in this area enables the defense of the environment to allow a just society with values and love for the ecosystem, strengthened in the paradigm of teaching man to live fully in a protected environment without contamination.
La relación educativa es un concepto con significado propio que requiere concordancia entre valores y sentimientos en cada interacción
Authors: Touriñán López José Manuel
Published: January 2019

From the point of view of Pedagogy it can be founded that the educational relationship is a concept with a meaning of its own, related to the character of education, and it requires agreement between values and feelings in each interaction. The aim of this work is the analysis of the educational relationship as a concept which has its own meaning and so, by purpose and meaning, is a distinct relationship. There are several terms that have been used in the pedagogical literature to identify the educational relationship: caring, coexisting and communicating are the most used. These three concepts are necessary but not sufficient conditions of the educational relationship. These synonyms terms have helped to consolidate what characterizes the educational relationship. From each of these terms there is something that remains in the distinctive traits of the educational relationship as it is based on this article. Sometimes the antinomic pairs have been used to interpret and understand the educational relationship. Authority and freedom, for example, have their own place in the educational relationship, but they do not invalid the necessary reference to the activity and the purpose of education to define the relationship. Defining the educational relationship, really, requires elucidating the traits that determine the meaning of that relationship as an educational relationship. They are traits linked to the founding condition of values in education, the double condition of agent-author and agent-actor of each subject concerning his/her education, the double condition of field of knowledge and of action for education. These traits are constitutive of the meaning of education as a complex object. The educational relationship is the substantive way of educational intervention, it is its concrete act. It is identified with the interaction which we establish to perform the activity of educating. In educational relationship we must go from thought to action, we must go from attained and attainable value to effective accomplishment. We have to know what the theory-practice relation is like in each interaction.
Percepciones respecto a la atención a la diversidad o inclusión educativa en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Bravo Mancero Patricia , Santos Jiménez Ofelia
Published: January 2019

Abstract This article analyzes the perceptions of university students regarding attention to diversity and educational inclusion. In recent years at the international level, important efforts have been made to establish policies that specify in actions, the principle of Education for all. In Ecuador they are contemplated in the Constitution (2008) and in the Organic Law of Higher Education (2010). Hence, the question that guides the research is: What perceptions do students have regarding the Attention to Diversity and Educational Inclusion? To answer this question, a quantitative, interpretative, field and cross-sectional research was carried out. The informants were 124 students of eighth semester of six careers of the Faculty of Education Sciences, of the National University of Chimborazo: Social Sciences, Educational Psychology, Sciences, Basic Education, Early Childhood Education and Languages, during the academic period 2017-I. The instrument that was used was the Situational Scale of Attention to Diversity and Inclusion Education, questionnaire based on the Index for Inclusion of Tony Booth and Mel Ainscown, constituted by three subcategories: culture, practices and inclusive policies. The results indicate that students have a favorable perception regarding attention to diversity and educational inclusion. However, this positive image alone does not guarantee the success of the process, since it is necessary to consolidate the culture and inclusive practices. Working on it, would favor the construction of an inclusive university for an inclusive society.
EIT data aquisition in rat sciatic nerve using stimulation of tibial and peroneal branches v1
Authors: Aristovich Kirill , Donega Matteo , Holder David
Published: January 2019

High-level protocol to obtain the EIT imaging dataset and reconstruct images for the paper.
Equal Access to the Top? Measuring Selection into Finnish Academia
Authors: Helin Jouni , Koerselman Kristian , Nokkala Terhi , Tohmo Timo , Viinikainen Jutta
Published: January 2019

In this article, we draw a parallel between equality of opportunity in educational transitions and equality of opportunity in academic careers. In both cases, many methodological problems can be ameliorated by the use of longitudinal rather than cross-sectional data. We illustrate this point by using Finnish full-population register data to follow the educational and academic careers of the 1964–1966 birth cohorts from birth to the present day. We show how the Finnish professoriate is highly selected both in terms of parental background and in terms of gender. Individuals of different backgrounds differ greatly in the likelihood of completing different educational and academic transitions, but much less in the age at which they make these transitions. By contrast, women’s academic careers differ from those of men both in terms of timing and in terms of rates, with women’s PhDs and full professorships seemingly delayed compared to those of men. We additionally show with the help of a 2015 cross-section of Finnish professors how such differences are easily overlooked in cross-sectional data.
Reliability of Longitudinal Social Surveys of Access to Higher Education: The Case of Next Steps in England
Authors: Siddiqui Nadia , Boliver Vikki , Gorard Stephen
Published: January 2019

Longitudinal social surveys are widely used to understand which factors enable or constrain access to higher education. One such data resource is the Next Steps survey comprising an initial sample of 16,122 pupils aged 13–14 attending English state and private schools in 2004, with follow up annually to age 19–20 and a further survey at age 25. The Next Steps data is a potentially rich resource for studying inequalities of access to higher education. It contains a wealth of information about pupils’ social background characteristics—including household income, parental education, parental social class, housing tenure and family composition—as well as longitudinal data on aspirations, choices and outcomes in relation to education. However, as with many longitudinal social surveys, Next Steps suffers from a substantial amount of missing data due to item non-response and sample attrition which may seriously compromise the reliability of research findings. Helpfully, Next Steps data has been linked with more robust administrative data from the National Pupil Database (NPD), which contains a more limited range of social background variables, but has comparatively little in the way of missing data due to item non-response or attrition. We analyse these linked datasets to assess the implications of missing data for the reliability of Next Steps. We show that item non-response in Next Steps biases the apparent socioeconomic composition of the Next Steps sample upwards, and that this bias is exacerbated by sample attrition since Next Steps participants from less advantaged social backgrounds are more likely to drop out of the study. Moreover, by the time it is possible to measure access to higher education, the socioeconomic background variables in Next Steps are shown to have very little explanatory power after controlling for the social background and educational attainment variables contained in the NPD. Given these findings, we argue that longitudinal social surveys with much missing data are only reliable sources of data on access to higher education if they can be linked effectively with more robust administrative data sources. This then raises the question—why not just use the more robust datasets?
The use of multivariate statistical analysis and soil quality indices as tools to be included in regional management plans. A case study from the Mashhad Plain, Iran
Authors: Rodrigo-Comino J. , Keshavarzi A. , Bagherzadeh A. , Brevik E.C.
Published: January 2019

Several methods have been used to model reality and explain soil pedogenesis and evolution. However, there is a lack of information about which soil properties truly condition soil quality indicators and indices particularly at the pedon scale and at different soil depths to be used in land management planning. Thus, the main goals of this research were: i) to assess differences in soil properties (particle size, saturation point, bulk density, soil organic carbon, pH and electrical conductivity) at different soil depths (0-30 and 30-60 cm); ii) to check their statistical correlation with soil quality indicators (CEC, total N, Olsen-P, available K, exchangeable Na, calcium carbonate equivalent, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu); and, iii) to elaborate a soil quality index and maps for each soil layer. To achieve this, forty-eight soil samples were analysed in the laboratory and subjected to statistical analyses by ANOVA, Spearman Rank coefficients and Principal Component Analyses. Finally, a soil quality index was developed based on indicators of sensitivity. The study was conducted in a semiarid catchment in northeast Iran with irrigated farming and well-documented land degradation issues. We found that: i) organic carbon and bulk density were not similar in the topsoil and subsoil; ii) calcium carbonate and sand content conditioned organic carbon content and bulk density; iii) organic carbon showed the highest correlations with soil quality indicators; iv) particle size conditioned cation-exchange capacity; and, v) heavy metals such as Mn and Cu were highly correlated with organic carbon due to non-suitable agricultural practices. Based on the communality analysis to map of soil quality, CEC, Mn, Zn, and Cu had the highest weights (≥0.11) at both depths, coinciding with the same level of relevance in the multivariate analysis. Exchangeable Na, CaCO3, and Fe had the lowest weights (≤0.1) and N, P, and K had intermediate weights (0.1- 0.11). In general, the map of the soil quality index shows a lower soil quality in the subsoil increment than in the topsoil.
The need to understand the cultural biographies of alpine and subalpine landscapes during Later Prehistory: Upland Archaeology in the Cantabrian Mountains
Authors: González-Álvarez D.
Published: January 2019

Current debates around the Anthropocene tend to focus on recent planetary-scale processes. However, regional and small-scale processes can be very telling about human agency in the shaping of landscapes overtime. Indeed, anthropogenic impacts of different intensities can be observed on landscapes since Prehistory – even in such remote and allegedly marginal areas as deserts, wetlands or mountains. In this article, I reflect on the long-term anthropization of alpine and subalpine areas in the western area of the Cantabrian Mountains (North-West of Iberia) in Later Prehistory. Studying the earlier anthropogenic pressure on upland environs in this period reminds us of the potential of landscape archaeology to enhance interdisciplinarity in debates about the Anthropocene. With the aim of emphasizing the role of archaeology as a mediating arena between social sciences, humanities and earth sciences, I analyse the scarce archaeological information available for upland landscapes of this study area to show how these datasets can nuance evolutionary interpretations of paleo-environmental sequences studied at natural deposits. Only through integrated and comprehensive discussions around the cultural and environmental traits of landscapes will we be able to fully understand the complex social contexts where agrarian labour and collective action shaped the alpine and subalpine areas in the Cantabrian Mountains since the spread of the Neolithic.
Evaluation of Malocclusion Traits Associated with Ankyloglossia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sodawala Javed , Agrawal Surbhi Sharad , Gandhi Sumit , Hamdani Shaheen , Nazmeen Shabana
Published: January 2019

Context: Although the role of ankyloglossia as an etiologic factor in the development of the malocclusion is well established, the guidelines for its clinical examination are still not clear especially in adult subjects. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate dento-skeletal characteristics in patients with ankyloglossia and to correlate ankyloglossia with various malocclusion traits. Settings and Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients were divided into two groups using Kotlow's method: without ankyloglossia (group WA) and ankyloglossia (group A). Five skeletal characteristics- SNA, SNB, ANB, GoGn-SN and five dental characteristics - Class of malocclusion, crowding, spacing, overjet and overbite were assessed. Statistical analysis used: Independent t test was used to compare skeletal and dental characteristics between group WA and A. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine interrelationship between ankyloglossia and skeletal and dental characteristics. The level of significance was set at .05. Results: There were statistically significant differences between group WA and group A with respect to SNA, SNB and overjet (P<0.05). Also, a significant positive correlation was seen between ankyloglossia and Class of malocclusion. (r=0.501, P<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests patients with ankyloglossia have increased overjet with more retrognathic maxilla and mandible as compared to patients without ankyloglossia.
Assessment of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need Among Hearing and Speech Impaired Children
Authors: Sodawala Javed , Agrawal Nidhi , Gandhi Sumit , Hamdani Shaheen , Agrawal Swalpa , Malhotra Harsha
Published: January 2019

Aim: Children with special needs are prone to poor oral health due to their potential sensory, motor and intellectual disturbances. The purpose of this study was to evaluate type and severity of malocclusion and assess orthodontic treatment need in hearing and speech impaired children. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven hearing and speech impaired children aged 7-14 years studying in special schools in Bhilai and Durg were included in this study. The Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) were recorded by one examiner. Data were analysed using student's t-test and chi-square test at a level of significance of .05. Results: According to AC, 61.2% children had no/little need, 35.8% had moderate need and 3% had great need of orthodontic treatment. According to DHC, 35.8% children had no/little treatment need, 43.3% had moderate need and 20.9% had great treatment need. Chi-square test showed a highly significant gender difference (P<.001), according to gender based DHC grade. Also, a highly significant difference between patient's perception and orthodontist's opinion for both AC and DHC (P<.001). Conclusion: The patient's perception and orthodontist's opinion differed for assessment of malocclusion of hearing and speech impaired children. There was a moderate need of orthodontic treatment in these children of Bhilai and Durg.
Comparative Evaluation of Tissue Dissolution Efficacy of Azadirachta indica Irrigant and Sodium Hypochlorite – An in vitro Study
Authors: Sajjan Girija S. , Kumar Podugu Uday , Rambabu T. , Varma K. Madhu , Satish R. Kalyan , Prasanthi G.
Published: January 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the tissue dissolution efficacy of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) irrigant and sodium hypochlorite. Materials and Methods: 40 bovine muscle tissue specimens of equal dimensions were used in the experiment. Based on tissue specimen treatment, they were divided into four test groups - 3%NaOCl (Group I), 7.5% A. indica irrigant (Group II), alternative use of 3%NaOCl and 7.5% A. indica irrigant (Group III) and control group as distilled water (Group IV). Tissue specimens were weighed before and after placing in test solutions at 2 different time intervals (30,60 minutes). Results: The results revealed that 3%NaOCl showed highest tissue dissolution followed by alternative use of 3%NaOCl. and A. indica irrigant, A. indica alone and distilled water (Group I >III>II>IV). The larger the duration of contact with irrigant better is the tissue dissolution. Conclusion: 7.5% A. indica irrigant alone does not have any tissue dissolving property but in combination it acts as a neutral solution neither increasing nor decreasing the capability of 3%NaOCl.
Bilateral Preseptal Cellulitis After Botox Injection: A Case Report
Authors: Norozi Hamid , Latifi Fatemeh , Latifi Zahra , Barouj Mehrdad Dehghanpour
Published: January 2019

Botox injection is increasingly performed for prevention and elimination of wrinkles. However, it is not without complications. Severe periorbital cellulitis, also known as preseptal cellulitis is among the uncommon complications of Botox injection. Herein, we report a case of preseptal cellulitis after Botox injection, which we believe is the first reported case in the literature.
Oral health in India: Researchers' Perspective Part I
Authors: Kharbanda O. P. , Wadhawan Neeraj , Grover Ashoo , Dhingra Kunaal , Tewari Nitesh
Published: January 2019

Oral health disorders are major public health problems globally. There is a vast disparity in access to oral health care between developed and developing world as evident in reports of World Health Organisation (WHO) and Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI). The oral health goals of WHO, FDI and International Association of Dental Research (IADR) for the year 2020 have brought forth the critical issues prevalent worldwide. India with huge population of 1.21 billion (2011 census) is faced with certain unique issues due to low level of awareness, varied terrain, strained infrastructure, limited access to oral health care and indigenous cultural practices. Research institutes and centrally funded agencies have been working at par with world standards, however, the oral health research has been lacking in terms of quality and addressing of community issues. It was deeply felt that this area requires appropriate summarization and future directions. This has been done in three parts with present paper attempting to address global vision, research orientations and specific burden, past research and future directions related to dental caries in India.
Oral health in India: Researchers' Perspective Part 2- Periodontal Diseases, Geriatric Dentistry and Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Kharbanda O. P. , Wadhawan Neeraj , Dhingra Kunaal , Tewari Nitesh , Grover Ashoo
Published: January 2019

Periodontal disease, a cumulative result of neglected oral hygiene, is one of the biggest oral health problem in India. Although the latest researches have paved way to splendid measures for regeneration and rehabilitation, the most feasible strategy is still the prevention at the earliest possible stage of periodontal destruction. Other major areas of neglect and lack of public awareness are geriatric dentistry and patients with special health care needs. This paper attempts to elaborate on the burden, past research and future research directions in less addressed aspects of Periodontal diseases, Geriatric Dentistry and patients with special health care needs.
The psychology behind Sialkot tragedy
Authors: Nasir Farheen , Naim Khadeeja
Published: January 2019

Objective: This paper analyzes the Sialkot tragedy which had happened in Sialkot, Pakistan in 2010 in which two innocent brothers were lynched in broad daylight and in front of hundreds of people including policemen, thus committing sin of violence, and cruelty. Method: Archival research was done to explore two important questions; what had led to the killing of those innocent boys and why didnâ€™t anyone do anything to stop it? Result: Detailed analyses of the case revealed the following causal elements with significant role; conceptualization of self and that of the other, semantic framing and stereotypic labeling, psychological distancing, rationalization, obedience to authority, deindividuation, and evil as inaction. Conclusion: It is important to note that these factors need not be antecedently conditional or necessary for the prevalence of malignant behaviors but helps to understand their impact under negative circumstances.Keywords: violence; cruelty; malignant behavior
ECOLOGY OF LANGUAGE AS AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME CONTENT IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOL
Authors: Kulik Natalya Viktorovna
Published: January 2019

We consider an optional training course “Ecology of the Russian language”, which may have its place in the educational programme of students from 10–11 grade. The course “Ecology of the Russian language” contains not only information about the concept of “norm”, “normalization” of the language phenomena intended for preparation of students from of the 11th grade for final examination in the Russian language in the form of the Unified State Exam, but also serve for deepening of knowledge of pupils in the field of such scientific linguistic direction as linguoecology which is understood as ecology of language and language ecology. We prove that the training course “Ecology of the Russian language” introduce students to the research work, which allows them to acquire the necessary linguistic erudition and educational research skills in one of the most vulnerable areas of the language: internet communication, media, language design sites, communication in system games, etc. Project can be in two stages: collective research and individual. In the case of collective development of the theoretical and methodological basis of educational research the emphasis is on certain provisions that are interpreted by students during the course of classes.
REVIEW ON THE ARTICLE BY Y.M. POLYAKOV “THE DESIRE TO BE RUSSIAN”
Authors: Gutarin Maksim Mikhaylovich
Published: January 2019

We analyze journalistic article “The Desire to be Russian” by Y.M. Polyakov. We notice that demand reconsideration on “Russian issue” on the state level. Non-priority and belittled position of Russians in Russia which existed for several centuries. In times of tsarist power and especially in the era of the USSR in the country there was no desire to deal with the “Russian” issue. It’s simply sought not to notice. Most of the peoples of Russia had the opportunity to open ethnic self-identification, but the Russian people do not have it in full now. It is stated that Y.M. Polyakov considers as “Russian caretaker” that “being Russian in our country publicly is somehow awkward”. The author is also concerned about national issues: why Russian experience some discomfort in Russia. So, the issue arises on such important discipline as ethnic ethics.
On Sets ${\mathcal X} \subseteq$ $\mathbb N$ for Which We Know an Algorithm That Computes a Threshold Number $t({\mathcal X}) \in$ $\mathbb N$ Such That ${\mathcal X}$ Is Infinite If and Only If ${\mathcal X}$ Contains an eLement Greater Than $t({\mathcal X})$
Authors: Tyszka Apoloniusz
Published: January 2019

Let $\Gamma_{\fbox{n}}(k)$ denote $(k-1)!$, where $n \in \{3,\ldots,14\}$ and $k \in \{2\} \cup \left\{2^{\textstyle 2^{n-3}}+1, 2^{\textstyle 2^{n-3}}+2, 2^{\textstyle 2^{n-3}}+3, \ldots\right\}$. For an integer $n \in \{3,\ldots,14\}$, let $\Sigma_n$ denote the following statement: if a system of equations ${\mathcal S} \subseteq \{\Gamma_{\fbox{n}}(x_i)=x_k:~i,k \in \{1,\ldots,n\}\} \cup \{x_i \cdot x_j=x_k:~i,j,k \in \{1,\ldots,n\}\}$ has only finitely many solutions in positive integers $x_1,\ldots,x_n$, then each such solution $(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ satisfies $x_1,\ldots,x_n \leqslant 2^{\textstyle 2^{n-2}}$. The statement $\Sigma_6$ proves the following implication: if the equation $x(x+1)=y!$ has only finitely many solutions in positive integers $x$ and $y$, then each such solution $(x,y)$ belongs to the set $\{(1,2),(2,3)\}$. The statement $\Sigma_6$ proves the following implication: if the equation $x!+1=y^2$ has only finitely many solutions in positive integers $x$ and $y$, then each such solution $(x,y)$ belongs to the set $\{(4,5),(5,11),(7,71)\}$. The statement $\Sigma_9$ implies the infinitude of primes of the form $n^2+1$. The statement $\Sigma_9$ implies that any prime of the form $n!+1$ with $n \geqslant 2^{\textstyle 2^{9-3}}$ proves the infinitude of primes of the form $n!+1$. The statement $\Sigma_{14}$ implies the infinitude of twin primes.
Role of Structure and Composition on the Performances of p-Type Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistors Processed at Low-Temperatures
Authors: Barros Raquel , Saji Kachirayil J. , Waerenborgh João C. , Barquinha Pedro , Pereira Luis , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira
Published: January 2019

This work reports the role of structure and composition on the determination of the performances of p-type SnOx TFTs deposited by rf magnetron sputtering at room temperature, followed by a post-annealed step up to 200 °C at different oxygen partial pressures (Opp), between 0% and 20%, but where the p-type conduction was only observed between 2.8–3.8%. The role of structure and composition were evaluated by XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies. The study allows to identify the best phases/compositions and thicknesses (around 12 nm) to be used that lead to the production of TFTs with a bottom gate configuration, on glasses coated with conductive Indium Tin Oxide, followed by Aluminium Titanium Oxide dielectric layer with saturation mobility of 4.6 cm2V−1s−1 and on-off ratio above 7 × 104, operating at the enhancement mode with a saturation voltage of −10 V.
Transcriptional profile of Aedes aegypti Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins in response to Zika and Chikungunya viruses
Authors: Zhao Liming , Alto Barry A. , Shin Dongyoung
Published: January 2019

Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. The leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing domain is evolutionarily conserved in many proteins associated with innate immunity in invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as plants. We focused on the AaeLRIM1 and AaeAPL1 gene expressions in response to Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection using a time course study, as well as the developmental expressions in the eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. RNA-seq analysis data provided 60 leucine-rich repeat related transcriptions in Ae. aegypti in response to Zika virus (Accession number: GSE118858, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds/?term=GSE118858). RNA-seq analysis data showed that AaeLRIM1 (AAEL012086-RA) and AaeAPL1 (AAEL009520-RA) were significantly upregulated 2.5 and 3-fold during infection by ZIKV 7-days post infection (dpi) of an Ae. aegypti Key West strain compared to an Orlando strain. The qPCR data showed that LRR-containing proteins AaeLRIM1, AaeAPL1 and five paralogues were expressed 100-fold lower than other nuclear genes, such as defensin, during all developmental stages examined. Together, these data provide insights into transcription profiles of LRR proteins of Ae. aegypti during its development and in response to infection with emergent arboviruses.
A Mechanism for Propulsion without The Reactive Ejection of Matter or Energy
Authors: Cornwall Remi
Published: January 2019

This paper updates earlier thoughts by the author on a putative propulsion system. The concept was based around static electromagnetic momentum, as expounded in the “Feynman Disk” and experimentally verified by Graham and Lahoz. That said, naïve static electromagnetic momentum schemes to achieve linear translation are defeated by “hidden momentum” mechanisms, so too are simple arrangements just cycling the fields; we shall survey the flaws in their arguments. It may however be possible to achieve linear translation by means of arrangements of torques with a novel mechanism to break the symmetry of forces (or torques) on the second half of the cycle as the field is switched off. At the time of earlier presentation no mechanism could be found to explain the momentum balance for the process but it was believed that momentum was being given to the zero-point of the field. We show that it is possible to dump angular momentum and thence linear momentum to the ground state by standard quantum analysis of the EM field. None of this violates the conservation of momenergy.
Profiles of Violence and Use of Alcohol and Tobacco in Relation to the Impulsivity: Sustainable Consumption in Adolescents
Authors: Pérez-Fuentes María del Carmen , Molero Jurado María del Mar , Barragán Martín Ana Belén , Gázquez Linares José Jesús
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify different adolescent profiles identified by their use tobacco/alcohol and violent behavior repertoires as well as to analyze the extent to which they show impulsivity traits. Participants were selected by cluster random sampling. There was a total of 822 high school students in the sample aged 13 to 18 years with a mean of 14.84 (SD=.87). A cluster analysis with the following variables was done to form the groups: Use of tobacco, Use of alcohol, Physical aggression, Verbal aggression, Anger and Hostility. Three groups of adolescents resulted from these five variables. The multivariate comparison demonstrated the existence of significant between-group differences, and individual analysis for each of the dependent variables (impulsivity dimensions) showed that the relationship was statistically significant in all cases. In conclusion, analysis of factors possibly associated with adolescent’s risk behavior makes possible and orients intervention in different stages of development for sustainable consumption in adolescents.
PKM2 Knockdown Induces Autophagic Cell Death via the AKT/mTOR Pathway in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Dey Prasanta , Kundu Amit , Sachan Richa , Park Jaehyun , Ahn Mee Young , Yoon Kyungsil , Lee Jaewon , Kim Nam Deuk , Kim In Su , Lee Byung Mu , Kim Hyung Sik
Published: January 2019

Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is essential for aerobic glycolysis and is highly expressed in various cancer tissues. Although high PKM2 expression is observed in prostate cancer tissues, its functional role in cancer metabolism is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of PKM2 in regulating autophagy and its associated pathways in prostate cancer cells. PKM2 expression was silenced using various PKM2 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and then we measured PKM2-related cellular pathways associated with autophagy. PKM2 siRNA-transfected prostate cancer cells showed significantly reduced viability. Acridine orange staining and immunoblotting analysis showed that PKM2 downregulation markedly increased autophagic cell death. Results of western blotting analysis showed that PKM2 knockdown affected protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin 1 pathway, which consequently downregulated the expression of glycolytic enzymes lactate dehydrogenase A and glucose transporter 1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that PKM2 inhibition alters cancer cell metabolism and induces autophagy. Thus, the present study provides a strategy for the development of PKM2-targeted novel anticancer drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Inhibition of Osteopontin Synthesis in THP-1 Cells Stimulated with Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate by Brefelamide Derivatives
Authors: Bai Gaowa , Matsuba Takashi , Kikuchi Haruhisa , Motoda Hirotoshi , Ozuru Ryo , Chagan-Yasutan Haorile , Yamada Osamu , Oshima Yoshiteru , Hattori Toshio
Published: January 2019

Plasma osteopontin (OPN) levels are elevated in mycobacterium tuberculosis patients and may involve granuloma formation. New inhibitors using brefelamide, an aromatic amide isolated from Dictyostelium cellular slim molds which may inhibit OPN transcription at concentration of 1M, were synthesized as compounds C, D and E. Their inhibitory activity against OPN synthesis in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated THP-1 cells was confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a multicolor immune-fluorescent microscope and western blot analysis. For the ELISA performed using the full-length OPN, each compound showed significant inhibition. Detailed analysis were done using C and D. They also showed inhibitory activity when used on another ELISA system to detect the immune-related form of OPN and their IC50 were 0.6 and 1.2 M for compounds C and D, respectively. Fluorescent particle count of stained cell numbers by O-17 showed the inhibition. Antibodies for O-17 and 34E3, which recognize OPN N-terminus and thrombin-cleaved site, respectively, detected distinct bands on the western blots following PMA stimulation. The decrease in full-length OPN detected by O-17 in the compound-treated cells was identified via western blot analysis. These newly-developed compounds may therefore be used in clinical trials for cancer and infectious diseases.