bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An anthropological perspective on contextualizing entrepreneurship
Authors: Verver Michiel , Koning Juliette
Published: May 2023

This paper develops an anthropological perspective on contextualizing entrepreneurship. We argue that interconnectedness is the quintessence of such a perspective and takes the form of (1) sociocultural ties between people; (2) interrelationships between micro, meso, and macro levels; and (3) connections between the past and the present. We illustrate this perspective through our research among ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs in Southeast Asia, identifying three kinds of sociocultural ties among the ethnic Chinese (kinship, spiritual, and patron-client ties) and positioning these ties in the historical and contemporary experiences of Chinese migration, settlement, and business venturing. In doing so, we show that an anthropological perspective broadens the empirical scope (including developing countries, minority groups, and “everyday” entrepreneurship), the methodological scope (employing ethnographic methods), and the conceptual scope (considering sociocultural ties at the interpersonal level) of entrepreneurship research. The contribution lies in operationalizing and theorizing context: we operationalize context through interconnectedness – comprising our three forms as well as ethnographic methodology to examine these – and theorize interconnectedness by elaborating how entrepreneurs “do” context through enacting the sociocultural ties that “embody” this context, while considering the micro-meso-macro and past-present connections that have engendered these ties. Our anthropological perspective presents a fine-grained and holistic analytical framework for contextualizing entrepreneurship.
New concept of the affinity between research fields using academic journal data in Scopus
Authors: Takahashi Ryo , Kaibe Kenji , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Takahashi Sayaka , Takeda Kotaro , Hansen Marc , Yumoto Michiaki
Published: May 2023

We propose a new concept for measuring the affinity between fields of academic research. The importance of interdisciplinary research has been increasingly emphasized in recent years. The degree of interdisciplinarity of a research article can be determined using bibliographic information from the cited literature. However, the properties of the affinity of each field to other fields have not yet been discussed. Therefore, we employ our method to quantify the affinity between 27 research fields using academic journal data from the citation and abstract database Scopus. We show that the affinity between fields should be viewed from two perspectives: the affinity of other fields to the field of interest, and the affinity of the field of interest to other fields. We identify the fields of “Arts and Humanities” and “Social Sciences”, and “Earth and Planetary Sciences” and “Environmental Sciences”, as those with the highest bidirectional affinity. We also demonstrate that affinity to “Medicine” is particularly high, with seven fields of interest having the highest affinity to this field: “Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology”, “Immunology and Microbiology”, “Neuroscience”, “Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics”, “Nursing”, “Dentistry”, and “Health Professions”.
Identity and support for policies towards Indigenous people: evidence from Australia
Authors: Mavisakalyan Astghik , Tarverdi Yashar
Published: May 2023

This paper adds to knowledge on the role of politicians’ and voters’ identities in influencing policy-making in societies marked by ethnic inequality. The outcome we investigate is the initiatives and policies targeting Indigenous populations in the context of Australia. We ask whether and how politicians’ and voters’ identities, defined based on a range of their observable characteristics, shape initiation and support of Indigenous-focused policies. Drawing on data on the voting history of members of the two houses of the Australian parliament, we provide an analysis of law-making behaviour and show that political ideology, and to some extent politicians’ propensity to act rebelliously and diligently, are significant determinants of their agreement on Indigenous policies. Our complementary analysis of voters’ attitudes on issues concerning Indigenous Australians points to the high relevance of political ideology, and in doing so, highlights the alignments in the behaviours of politicians and voters.
Gendered Associations of Flexible Work Arrangement and Perceived Flexibility with Work–Life Interference: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis on Office Workers in Sweden
Authors: Brulin Emma , Bjärntoft Sofie , Bergström Gunnar , Hallman David M.
Published: May 2023

Flexible work arrangements (FWA) may be beneficial for increasing perceived flexibility (i.e. control over when, where and how to work) and reducing interference between work and private-life, but knowledge of gendered patterns of these relationships is sparse. Drawing on gender theory, the aim of this study was to conduct gender-differentiated analyses of the associations between FWA (non-regulated work or flex-time) and work–life interference using perceived flexibility as a mediator. Survey data were collected in 2016 from a sample of 2614 employees in the Swedish Transport Administration (response rate 67%). The sample included 39.6% women and 60.4% men, 71.7% had non-regulated work and 28.3% flex-time. Associations were determined using linear mixed models and mediation analysis. Results indicated a beneficial effect of non-regulated work (referencing flex-time) on work–life interference through an increase in perceived flexibility. The indirect effect of FWA was pronounced and statistically significant in the total sample, as well as in men and women. However, in men, non-regulated work was associated with a statistically significant increase in interference (competitive mediation). Gender did not interact significantly with work arrangement nor with perceived flexibility. In conclusion, the type of FWA can result in different perceptions of flexibility which in turn may affect experiences of work–life interference. Furthermore, it should be acknowledged that both FWAs and flexibility may be experienced differently for men and women regarding interference. Thus, employers seeking to reduce employee interference should consider gender norms and individual needs.
Russell and American Realism
Authors: Neuber Matthias
Published: May 2023

American philosophical realism developed in two forms: “new” and “critical” realism. While the new realists sought to ‘emancipate’ ontology from epistemology and defended a direct theory of perception, the critical realists promoted a representationalist account of perception and thus argued for an epistemological dualism. Bertrand Russell’s early philosophical writings figured prominently in both of these American realist camps. However, while the new realists quite enthusiastically embraced the Russellian analytic style of reasoning (and Russell himself appreciated the American new realists as anti-idealist allies), the critical realists were significantly more reserved toward Russell’s point of view. In the present paper, I identify the reasons for this difference in reception. In particular, I will show that the critical realists’ reservations pertained primarily to a more traditionalist—‘continental’—account of philosophy, whereas the neo-realists proved instrumental in setting the stage for later full-blown analytic philosophy in the United States.
Generation of a novel three-dimensional scaffold-based model of the bovine endometrium
Authors: Díez MC. , Przyborski S. , del Cerro A. , Alonso-Guervós M. , Iglesias-Cabo T. , Carrocera S. , García MA. , Fernández M. , Alonso L. , Muñoz M.
Published: May 2023

Bovine in vitro endometrial models that resemble tissue function in vivo are needed to study infertility, long-term uterine alterations induced by pathogens and impact of endocrine disruptor chemicals on reproductive function and other reproductive system complications that cause high economic losses in livestock species. The present study aimed to generate an innovative, reproducible, and functional 3D scaffold-based model of the bovine endometrium structurally robust for long term-culture. We developed a multicellular model containing both endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. Epithelial cells organized to form a luminal-like epithelial layer on the surface of the scaffold. Stromal cells produced their own extracellular matrix forming a stable subepithelial compartment that physiologically resembles the normal endometrium. Both cell types released prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α following a treatment with oxytocin and arachidonic acid. Additionally signal pathways mediating oxytocin and arachidonic acid stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis were analyzed by real time PCR (RT-PCR). Oxytocin receptor (OXTR), prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2), prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4), prostaglandin F receptor (PTGFR), prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES), PGF-synthase (PGFS) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) expression was detected in both control and treatment groups, however, only significant changes in abundance of OXTR mRNA transcripts were found. The results obtained by this study are a step forward in bovine in vitro culture technology. This 3D scaffold-based model provides a platform to study regulatory mechanisms involved in endometrial physiology and can set the basis for a broader tool for designing and testing novel therapeutic strategies for recurrent uterine pathologies.
Recovering shear stiffness degradation curves from classification data with a neural network approach
Authors: Charles Jared A. , Gourvenec Susan , Vardy Mark E.
Published: May 2023

Shear stiffness is critical in assessing the stress–strain response of geotechnical infrastructure, and is a complex, nonlinear parameter. Existing methods characterise stiffness degradation as a function of strain and require either bespoke laboratory element tests, or adoption of a curve fitting approach, based on an existing data set of laboratory element tests. If practitioners lack the required soil classification parameters, they are unable to use these curve fitting functions. Within this study, we examine the ability and versatility of an artificial neural network (ANN), in this case a feedforward multilayer perceptron, to predict strain-based stiffness degradation on the data set of element test results and soil classification data that underpins current curve fitting functions. It is shown that the ANN gives similar or better results to the existing curve fitting method when the same parameters are used, but also that the ANN approach enables curves to be recovered with ‘any’ subset of the considered soil classification parameters, providing practitioners with a great versatility to derive a stiffness degradation curve. A user-friendly and freely available graphical calculation app that implements the proposed methodology is also presented.
Closing the gap between the number of Phytophthora species isolated through baiting a soil sample and the number revealed through metabarcoding
Authors: Sarker Suchana R. , Burgess Treena I. , Hardy Giles E. St. J. , McComb Jen
Published: May 2023

This review assesses possible reasons for the discrepancy between the high numbers of Phytophthora species and putative new species isolated from environmental samples using metabarcoding, compared with the low number cultured and identified through bating. Molecular protocols are unlikely to result in high numbers of false positives, except that variants in young hybrid species may be incorrectly identified as different species. Baiting conditions favour parasitic species that are fast to sporulate, able to infect a range of bait species, achieve infection with a low number of zoospores, and fast-growing on selective agar. Species may not be isolated because they are slow-growing saprophytes and slow to sporulate when baited. Changes to protocols that might result in the isolation of more species include changes in the timing of exposure of baits, inclusions of dead baits, reducing potential competition from fast-growing species by baiting only small volumes of soil, and isolation on media without antimicrobials. However, the species not isolated may have growth traits precluding easy isolation, such as host specificity or obligate biotroph lifestyle.
Nano-hydroxyapatite Before the Science Court
Authors: Klaessig Frederick C.
Published: May 2023

In October 2015, the European Union’s Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety issued a Preliminary Opinion on Hydroxyapatite (nano). Past industrial experience with this material and participation in ISO/TC-229, Nanotechnologies, led me to submit comments on the Committee’s interpretations of physico-chemical properties, especially solubility, that in retrospect were also probing of the Committee’s collective understanding of nanomaterials. The Committee’s responses are examined against a background of other Opinions issued in the same time period. The expert’s role and responsibility, whether as an individual or a group member or in representing a scientific discipline, are examined through the concept of epistemic community taken from the public policy literature. A central theme is the Committee’s framing of chemical narratives such that its administrative procedures are projected onto the nanomaterial safety literature that is itself undergoing considerable investigation and revision. Inherent to this analysis is the singular role of toxicologists in the regulatory process. A related exchange by Australian and New Zealand colleagues is examined for its parallels to the SCCS actions, and there is a cursory discussion of later SCCS Opinions regarding Hydroxyapatite (nano).
“This Thing Is a Joke”: How Working-Class Young Americans Make Meaning out of Politics in an Era of Distrust and Isolation
Authors: Silva Jennifer M.
Published: May 2023

This paper examines how working-class young adults construct their political identities in the wake of the decline of mediating institutions such as stable work, unions, nuclear family structures, and religion. The transition to adulthood has become deinstitutionalized as leaving home, finishing school, finding a good job, and getting married and having children seem increasingly out of reach for contemporary young adults. In the absence of institutionalized rites of passage, respondents must create, within their constraints, the story or narrative in terms of which their lives make sense. Through in-depth interviews with young working-class residents of a declining coal town in northeastern Pennsylvania, I trace how young adults construct narratives that make connections between economic decline, emotional despair, and political realignment. While working-class young adults may inherit political beliefs from their parents, growing up in a time of economic precarity and social division has the potential to disrupt older allegiances and prompt the creation of new identities and social solidarities. I demonstrate how individual strategies for managing suffering organize the young working-class self in ways that justify disengagement from conventional politics and a turn toward self-help and conspiracy theories. I also explore differences within the sample by racial identity and gender identity, tracing how different histories of oppression and differing expectations of moral self-worth possibly contribute to the political realm.
Parametric Study of Experimental and CFD Simulation Based Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer of Rotating Packed Bed: A Review
Authors: Zahir Abdul , Kumar Perumal , Saptoro Agus , Shah Milinkumar , Tiong Angnes Ngieng Tze , Hameed Samreen
Published: May 2023

The emission of CO2 into the atmosphere is one of the major causes of the greenhouse effect, which has a devastating effect on the environment and human health. Therefore, the reduction of CO2 emission in high concentration is essential. The Rotating Packed Bed (RPB) reactor has gained a lot of attention in post-combustion CO2 capture due to its excellent rate of mass transfer and capture efficiency. To better understand the mechanisms underlying the process and ensure optimal design of RPB for CO2 absorption, elucidating its hydrodynamics is of paramount importance. Experimental investigations have been made in the past to study the hydrodynamics of RPB using advanced imaging and instrumental setups such as sensors and actuators. The employments of such instruments are still challenging due to the difficulties in their installation and placement in the RPB owing to the complex engineering design of the RPB. The hydrodynamics of the RPB can be affected by various operational parameters. However, all of them cannot be evaluated using a single instrumental setup. Therefore, the experimental setups generally result in a partial understanding of the flow behavior in the RPB. The cons and pros of experimental methods are reported and critically discussed in this paper. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), on the other hand, is a powerful tool to visually understand the insights of the flow behavior in the RPB with accurate prediction. Moreover, the different multiphase and turbulence models employed to study the hydrodynamics of RPB have also been reviewed in-depth along with the advantages and disadvantages of each model. The models such as Sliding Mesh Model (SMM) and rotating reference frame model have been adopted for investigating the hydrodynamics of the RPB. The current research gaps and future research recommendations are also presented in this paper which can contribute to fill the existing gap for the CFD analysis of Rotating Packed Bed (RPB) for CO2 absorption.
Space-time Models and Personal Accessibility to Educational Facilities. Case Study of Space-time Accessibility to Schools in the City of Valencia
Authors: Fajardo-Magraner Félix , Salom-Carrasco Julia , Pitarch-Garrido María Dolores
Published: May 2023

Society nowadays makes intensive use of time and extensive use of space. This has implications for spatial planning of facilities and services since it is now essential to look at personal accessibility (in terms of time and choice) and not just physical distance. Over and above spatial accessibility (distance or cost of travel to the facility or service), location models based on space-time accessibility also consider personal accessibility with respect to the time available to access a facility or service. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the practical usefulness of the theoretical approach grounded in the Geography of Time in enhancing personal accessibility to facilities and services which are provided in a specific space and at a specific time and have fixed start and end times, as is the case with schools. To this end, an ad hoc tool was developed to generate a number of scenarios simulating actual and hypothetical conditions for space-time accessibility to schools in the city of Valencia. The results showed how studying space-time accessibility may be extremely useful in drawing up proposals designed to increase personal accessibility to core services such as education and thereby helping to improve work-life balance.
Comparison between different spatial interpolation methods for the development of sediment distribution maps in coastal areas
Authors: Boumpoulis Vasileios , Michalopoulou Maria , Depountis Nikolaos
Published: May 2023

Sediment grain size and its spatial distribution is a very important aspect for many applications and processes that occur in the coastal zone. One of these is coastal erosion which is strongly dependent on sediment distribution and transportation. To highlight this fact, surficial coastal sediments were collected from a densely populated coastal zone in Western Greece, which suffers extensive erosion, and grain size distribution was thoroughly analysed, to predict the spatial distribution of the median grain size diameter (D50) and produce sediment distribution maps. Four different geostatistical interpolation techniques (Ordinary Kriging, Simple Kriging, Empirical Bayesian Kriging and Universal Kriging) and three deterministic (Radial Basis Function, Local Polynomial Interpolation, and Inverse Distance Weighting) were employed for the construction of the respective surficial sediment distribution maps with the use of GIS. Moreover, a comparative study between the deterministic and geostatistical approaches was applied and the performance of each interpolation method was evaluated using cross-validation and estimating the Pearson Corellation and the coefficient of determination (R2). The best interpolation technique for this research proved to be the Ordinary Kriging for the shoreline materials and the Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) for the seabed materials since both had the lowest prediction errors and the highest R2.
Identification and verification of an ALYREF-involved 5-methylcytosine based signature for stratification of prostate cancer patients and prediction of clinical outcome and response to therapies
Authors: Tan Xiao , Cai Zhouda , Chen Guo , Cai Chao , Chen Jiahong , Liang Yingke , Zhuo Yangjia , Liu Jianming , Huang Liangliang , Ouyang Bin , Wei Yanni , Jia Zhenyu , Deng Junhong , Zhong Weide , Lu Jianming
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Due to the heterogeneity of PCa, the clinical indicators used for PCa can't satisfy risk prognostication and personalized treatment. It is imperative to develop novel biomarkers for prognosis prediction and therapy response in PCa. Accumulating evidence shows that non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming, independent from genomic instability and mutation, serves as a newly added hallmark in cancer progression.

Methods

In this study, we integrated multi-center cohorts (N > 1300) to develop a RNA 5-methylcytosine regulator-based signature, the m5C score. We performed unsupervised clustering and LASSO regression to identify novel m5C-related subtypes and calculate the m5C score. Then we assessed the role of m5C cluster and m5C score in several clinical aspects such as prognosis in various molecular subtypes, responses to chemotherapy, androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) therapy and immunotherapy in PCa. Finally, we validated the cancer-promoting performance of ALYREF through clinical data analysis and experiments in vivo and in vitro.

Results

The investigation revealed that the m5C score could accurately predict the biochemical recurrence (BCR) in different subtypes (the PAM50 subtypes and immunophenotypes) and the responses to chemotherapy, ARSI therapy, and immunotherapy (PD1/PD-L1). A high m5C score indicated a poor BCR prognosis in every subtype of PCa, unfavorable responses in ARSI therapy and immunotherapy (PD1/PD-L1). Moreover, the m5C reader gene termed ALYREF, yielding the highest weighed coefficient, promoted PCa progression through in silico analysis and experimental validations (in vivo and in vitro).

Conclusions

The m5C signature can function in many aspects of PCa, such as the development and prognosis of the disease, and multiple therapy responses. Further, the m5C reader, ALYREF, was identified as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for PCa. The m5C signature could act as a brand-new tool for predicting the prognosis of patients in different molecular subtypes and patients’ therapy responses and promoting customized treatments.
Introducing HUNCOURT: A New Open Legal Database Covering the Decisions of the Hungarian Constitutional Court for Between 1990 and 2021
Authors: Sebők Miklós , Kiss Rebeka , Járay István
Published: May 2023

This article presents HUNCOURT, a complex open legal database for the quantitative analysis of the practice of the Hungarian Constitutional Court (HCC). Covering all HCC decisions and orders published between 1990 and 2021, the new database is published under an Open Database License and allows for advanced queries that go beyond the search engine options of industry-standard proprietary legal databases. We bypass the often inaccurate and time-consuming manual search options by providing a full text database that is entirely machine-readable, along with a full selection of available metadata. In the article, we also demonstrate the potential of the new database for scholarly research by presenting a use case for such analysis related to the self-reflexivity and reasoning of the constitutional court. We show that a state-of-the-art database opens up possibilities for applying quantitative text analysis and text mining to research questions that have so far been mostly analysed in a qualitative framework.
The Role of Family Support and Dyadic Adjustment on the Psychological Well-being of Transgender Individuals: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Lampis Jessica , De Simone Silvia , Lasio Diego , Serri Francesco
Published: May 2023

Introduction

This study aimed to measure dyadic adjustment, social support, and psychological well-being.

Methods

A research protocol composed of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Outcome Questionnaire 45.2, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support was administered to a sample of 109 Italian transgender individuals.

Results

Higher levels of global psychological distress, symptom severity, and interpersonal relationship distress were associated with lower levels of family support and dyadic adjustment. In addition, transgender women and younger transgender individuals reported higher levels of interpersonal relationship distress.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the support and acceptance of one’s partner and family of origin play a crucial role in promoting well-being. It represents an important protective factor with respect to negative psychological health outcomes.

Policy Implications

The findings emphasize the need to develop specific clinical and social practices for transgender individuals and their families. Building family and partner-centered policies and programs is particularly important to enable transgender individuals to avoid paying the emotional and psychological costs associated with rejection and non-acceptance.
What Impact Does Participation in a Communication Skills Training Program Have on Health Professionals’ Communication Behaviors: Findings from a Qualitative Study
Authors: White V. , Chiswell M. , Webber E. , Martin P. , Piper A.
Published: May 2023

Communication skills training can enhance health professionals’ knowledge and repertoire of effective communication practices. This paper describes the conceptual model underlying a 3-day retreat communication skills training program, methods used for training, and participant perception of outcomes from the training using qualitative interviews. Repeated qualitative telephone interviews (approximately 6 months apart) with participants of a 3-day Clinical Consultation Skills Retreat. Fourteen participants (70% response, 57% doctors) took part at Time 1, with 12 participating at Time 2. Semi-structured interviews were recorded and transcribed, and directional content analysis was conducted to assess themes in areas of key learnings, implementation of skills, and barriers. The training was received very positively with participants valuing the small group learning, role play, and facilitator skills. Key learnings were grouped into two themes: (i) tips and strategies to use in clinical practice and (ii) communication frameworks/methods, with the second theme reflecting an awareness of different communication styles. Most participants had tried to implement their new skills, with implementation reported as a more deliberate activity at T1 than at T2. Those implementing the new skills noted more open conversations with patients. Practical barriers of lack of time and expectations of others were mentioned more often at T2. A 3-day retreat-based communication training program was positively received and had a positive impact on the use of new communication skills. While further work is needed to determine whether effects of training are evidenced in objective clinical behaviors, the positive longer-term benefits found suggest this work would be worthwhile.
Corporate Restructuring Laws Under Stress: The Case of Spain
Authors: Tirado Ignacio
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 crisis caused an unprecedented global disruption of economic activity, which was especially intense in Spain due to the nature of its economy. Many legal and institutional reforms were adopted, and extraordinary economic measures implemented. As interim reforms are lifted and economic incentives wear off, Spain will need to grapple with the economic damage caused by the pandemic. Arguably, the reform of the insolvency system recently approved, which precedes and is independent of the measures enacted to stave off risks caused by the pandemic, provides an enhanced and improved framework to deal with business insolvency. Spain now counts on a state-of-the-art hybrid restructuring system and a modern regulation to deal with the financial and economic distress of micro enterprises. However, the special legislation approved during COVID, and the side effects of the economic measures came with a cost and are already interfering with the day-to-day application of the new insolvency system, especially concerning public claims and public guarantees. Further, the Spanish legal framework has still some shortcomings which might prove a real hindrance to resuming access to credit at adequate levels.
Observations on the Leaching of Milled Black Mass with Additives
Authors: Porvali Antti , Mäkelä Tuomo , Bachér John
Published: May 2023

In this work, previously produced black mass was treated in sequence by milling, water leaching, and sulfuric acid leaching. Two goals were set: first, whether milling, with reductive additives, could impart reductive phase changes which would allow Li extraction to water in the water leaching; second, co-leaching of the black mass with the additive, CoS, was explored as to ascertain whether synergistic effects could be detected in a leaching system composed of reductive (CoS) and oxidative (NMC oxides) materials in the presence of redox mediator (Fe2+/Fe3+ redox pair). It was found out that in all experiments, similar Li concentration was obtained despite milling. Fluoride analysis indicated high F concentrations in the water solution and implicated formation of insoluble products such as LiF(s). Water-soluble fluoride ended up in all fractions: water leaching filtrates (ca. 500 mg/L), acid leaching filtrates (ca. 800–1700 mg/L), and leach residues (ca. 68–382 mg/kg). In acidic leaching, CoS appeared to enhance extraction of elements from cathode-active materials, improving extraction from 78 to 92% for Ni under relatively mild leaching conditions (T = 30 °C, solid conc. = 100 g/L, [H2SO4] = 1.4 M).

Graphical Abstract
Bauer werden
Authors: Schildmann Mareike
Published: May 2023

Der Aufsatz stellt Wilhelm Raabes Stopfkuchen (1891) in den Kontext einer bürgerlichen Faszination für das Bäuerliche im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert und untersucht die Funktion agrarischer Existenz‑, Wirtschafts- und Wissensformen für den Roman sowie für die Lebenswege der beiden Protagonisten und Kindheitsfreunde Stopfkuchen und Eduard. Die ›Eroberung‹ des lokalen Bauernhofs »Rote Schanze«, der von Stopfkuchen einer neuen agrarindustriellen Bewirtschaftung zugeführt wurde, sowie die koloniale Aneignung und agrarische Nutzung fremden Landes in Südafrika durch den Auswanderer Eduard werden als zwei komplementäre Seiten eines agrar-ökonomischen Transformationsprozesses im 19. Jahrhundert lesbar gemacht, der durch die Kapitalisierung, Industrialisierung und Globalisierung der Landwirtschaft geprägt ist. In der unterschiedlichen Nutzung bzw. Ausbeutung des agrarischen Bodens und seiner Ressourcen (vertikal vs. horizontal, Ackerbau vs. Viehzucht) liegt zugleich ein soziales, existentielles und rechtliches Konfliktfeld verborgen, das den Roman durchzieht und einen – bislang in der Forschung unbeachteten – Schlüssel zu dem in ihm verhandelten Kriminalfall bereitstellt. In Raabes Roman wird die im nomos-Begriff etymologisch verbürgte Idee eines ›erdgebundenen‹ Rechts (C. Schmitt) aufgegriffen und vor dem Hintergrund der sozialökonomischen Umbrüche des ländlichen Raums im 19. Jahrhundert aktualisiert. Es ist der Ackerbauer und Hobby-Paläontologe Stopfkuchen, der dank eines spezifisch materialistischen Wissens vom Boden das agrarisch-irdische Maß des Rechts neu und folgenreich austariert.
High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery Based on Laser-Induced Graphene
Authors: Yang Chengjuan , Tong Yuchun , Yang Zhen , Xiao Hui , Qi Huimin , Chen Faze
Published: May 2023

Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have a broad application prospect because of their advantages of high power, large capacity, and high energy density. However, the development of high-capacity, long-lifespan ZIBs is challenging because of the faster dendrite growth and the occurrence of the hydrogen evolution reaction. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a material with many defects and heteroatoms. Because of these characteristics, it plays an important role in improving nucleation. A simple and effective method for preparing LIG was proposed in this paper, and the LIG was covered on the surface of Zn foil to form a composite structure. This structure substantially reduces the nucleation overpotential of Zn and slows down the dendrite growth of Zn by improving the nucleation behavior of Zn2+. Simultaneously, the three-dimensional porous structure increases the specific surface area of the electrode, so the battery has a larger specific capacity. Compared with the bare Zn electrode, the composite electrode possesses lower overpotential and longer cycle life. In addition, the full battery using activated carbon as the active material exhibits great rate and cycle performance. This facile and scalable approach may solve the problem of Zn dendrite growth, which is crucial for the large-scale application of ZIBs.
The Peridigm Meshfree Peridynamics Code
Authors: Littlewood David J. , Parks Michael L. , Foster John T. , Mitchell John A. , Diehl Patrick
Published: May 2023

Peridigm is a meshfree peridynamics code written in C++ for use on large-scale parallel computers. It was originally developed at Sandia National Laboratories and is currently managed as an open-source, community driven software project. Its primary features include bond-based, state-based, and non-ordinary state-based constitutive models, bond failure laws, contact, and support for explicit and implicit time integration. To date, Peridigm has been used primarily by methods developers focused on solid mechanics and material failure. Peridigm utilizes foundational software components from Sandia’s Trilinos project and was designed for extensibility. This paper provides an overview of the solution methods implemented in Peridigm, a discussion of its software infrastructure, and demonstrates the use of Peridigm for the solution of several example problems.
Investigation of wear and friction behavior of stir rheocast AA2024/TiB2 composite using Taguchi approach
Authors: Lemessa Semegn Cheneke , Karunakar D. Benny , Bonger Tilahun Tadesse
Published: May 2023

This study presents wear and friction behaviour of AA2024/TiB2 composite developed in semi-solid temperature region of the alloy. The experiment is conducted based on full factorial design of experimental technique with three factors and three levels. Load, reinforcement amount, and sliding distance are the process parameters varied, and their influence is investigated using analysis of variance. Additionally, the correlation between the process parameters and the responses are determined using multiple linear regression equation. For wear rate, the load is the most influencing factor followed by sliding distance and reinforcement ratio. Similarly, for the coefficient of friction, the applied load is the most influencing factor, followed by the reinforcement ratio and sliding distance. The reinforcement ratio showed a negative effect on the wear and coefficient of friction. This shows that both decrease with an increase in the proportion of the particles in the base matrix. The wear mechanisms of the worn surfaces are also investigated using a scanning electron microscope, and it is noticed that the depth of grooves increased, and microcracks are noticed with an increase in the applied load. The developed composites can be used in application areas exposed to wear and friction.
Deterring Digital Trade Without Discrimination
Authors: Evenett Simon J. , Fritz Johannes , Giardini Tommaso
Published: May 2023

Commercial activity and regulatory oversight of the digital economy are growing apace. This essay argues that regulatory heterogeneity can deter digital trade without discrimination. Domestic policies that are not discriminatory can still result in fragmentation of the global digital economy, if sufficiently heterogeneous. We find that rules at the World Trade Organization (WTO) and in digital trade agreements offer important directions but insufficiently mitigate heterogeneity. We suggest that heterogeneity should be addressed through the progressive expansion of international trade law. We emphasize the importance of encouraging regulatory coherence and pre-empting the formation of digital blocks.
Asymptotic results on tail moment and tail central moment for dependent risks
Authors: Li Jinzhu
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we consider a financial or insurance system with a finite number of individual risks described by real-valued random variables. We focus on two kinds of risk measures, referred to as the tail moment (TM) and the tail central moment (TCM), which are defined as the conditional moment and conditional central moment of some individual risk in the event of system crisis. The first-order TM and the second-order TCM coincide with the popular risk measures called the marginal expected shortfall and the tail variance, respectively. We derive asymptotic expressions for the TM and TCM with any positive integer orders, when the individual risks are pairwise asymptotically independent and have distributions from certain classes that contain both light-tailed and heavy-tailed distributions. The formulas obtained possess concise forms unrelated to dependence structures, and hence enable us to estimate the TM and TCM efficiently. To demonstrate the wide application of our results, we revisit some issues related to premium principles and optimal capital allocation from the asymptotic point of view. We also give a numerical study on the relative errors of the asymptotic results obtained, under some specific scenarios when there are two individual risks in the system. The corresponding asymptotic properties of the degenerate univariate versions of the TM and TCM are discussed separately in an appendix at the end of the paper.
A Cross-Sectional Study and Observational Assessment of Shoppers’ COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors in Southwestern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Thaivalappil Abhinand , Young Ian , Pearl David L. , Zhang Ruijia , Papadopoulos Andrew
Published: May 2023

Objective:

The aim of this study was to observe the level of alcohol-based sanitizer, mask use, and physical distancing across indoor community settings in Guelph, ON, Canada, and to identify potential barriers to practicing these behaviors.

Methods:

Shoppers were observed in June 2022 across 21 establishments. Discrete in-person observations were conducted and electronically recorded using smartphones. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted to identify possible covariates for the 3 behavioral outcomes.

Results:

Of 946 observed shoppers, 69% shopped alone, 72% had at least 1 hand occupied, 26% touched their face, 29% physically distanced ≥ 2 m, 6% used hand sanitizer, and 29% wore masks. Sanitizer use was more commonly observed among people who wore masks and in establishments with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) signage posted at the entrance. Mask use was more commonly observed during days without precipitation and in establishments with some or all touch-free entrances. Shoppers more commonly physically distanced ≥ 2 m when they were shopping alone.

Conclusions:

This supports evidence for environmental context influencing COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Intervention efforts aimed at visible signage, tailored messaging, and redesigning spaces to facilitate preventive behaviors may be effective at increasing adherence during outbreaks.
The Cessation of Zheng He's Voyages and the Beginning of Private Sailings: Fiscal Competition between Emperors and Bureaucrats
Authors: Siu Yiu
Published: May 2023

The Ming court launched its famous expeditions overseas in the early fifteenth century and suddenly terminated these voyages after 1436. This article attempts to reassess the driving force of this event and its termination in the context of the Ming's domestic financial system, revealing that both the initiation and the cessation of Zheng He's voyages could be explained by the political and fiscal tension between emperors and bureaucrats. This article will also discuss how the cessation of Zheng He's voyages contributed to the onset of private sailings after the mid-fifteenth century.
Overview of core impurity transport in the first divertor operation of Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Wegner Th. , Bähner J.-P. , Buttenschön B. , Langenberg A. , von Stechow A. ,   the W7-X Team
Published: May 2023

The impurity transport at Wendelstein 7-X during its most recent campaign is characterized and documented for a variety of different plasma scenarios. An overview of its dependence on several quantities is given, which allows identification of transport regimes and the major driver for impurity transport. Beyond this, a comparison with the impurity behavior in other fusion devices is now possible. In contrast to other stellarators, no density dependence of the impurity transport has been found. Additionally, the influence of the turbulence contribution to the overall transport is reflected in the dependence on various parameters, e.g. turbulent diffusion and density fluctuation amplitudes. With this database approach, one can now also apply scaling laws to make extrapolations about the impurity confinement in future plasma scenarios.
Grief is a family affair: examining longitudinal associations between prolonged grief in parents and their adult children using four-wave cross-lagged panel models
Authors: Lenferink L. I. M. , O'Connor M.
Published: May 2023

Background

Losing a parent or spouse in adulthood may result in prolonged grief disorder (PGD) symptoms. PGD levels in parents may affect PGD levels in their adult offspring and the other way around. However, research on transmission of PGD in parent–child dyads is lacking. Consequently, we aimed to examine temporal associations between PGD levels in parent and adult children.

Methods

In doing so, we analyzed longitudinal self-report data on PGD levels (using the PG-13) assessed at 2, 11, 18, and 26 months after loss in 257 adult parent–child dyads from Denmark. Cross-lagged panel modeling was used for data-analyses.

Results

Changes in PGD levels in parents significantly predicted PGD levels in adult children, but not vice versa. Small through moderate cross-lagged effects (β = 0.05 through 0.07) were found for PGD levels in parents predicting PGD levels in adult children at a subsequent time-point. These cross-lagged effects were found while taking into account the association between PGD levels in parents and adult children at the same time-point as well as the associations between the same construct over time and relevant covariates.

Conclusions

Pending replication of these findings in clinical samples and younger families, our findings offer tentative support for expanding our focus in research and treatment of PGD from the individual to the family level.
Decreased cortical gyrification in major depressive disorder
Authors: Kang Youbin , Kang Wooyoung , Kim Aram , Tae Woo-Suk , Ham Byung-Joo , Han Kyu-Man
Published: May 2023

Background

Early neurodevelopmental deviations, such as abnormal cortical folding patterns, are candidate biomarkers of major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to investigate the association of MDD with the local gyrification index (LGI) in each cortical region at the whole-brain level, and the association of the LGI with clinical characteristics of MDD.

Methods

We obtained T1-weighted images from 234 patients with MDD and 215 healthy controls (HCs). The LGI values from 66 cortical regions in the bilateral hemispheres were automatically calculated according to the Desikan–Killiany atlas. We compared the LGI values between the MDD and HC groups using analysis of covariance, including age, sex, and years of education as covariates. The association between the clinical characteristics and LGI values was investigated in the MDD group.

Results

Compared with HCs, patients with MDD showed significantly decreased LGI values in the cortical regions, including the bilateral ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices, insula, right rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and several temporal and parietal regions, with the largest effect size in the left pars triangularis (Cohen's f2 = 0.361; p = 1.78 × 10−13). Regarding the association of clinical characteristics with LGIs within the MDD group, recurrence and longer illness duration were associated with increased gyrification in several occipital and temporal regions, which showed no significant difference in LGIs between the MDD and HC groups.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the LGI may be a relatively stable neuroimaging marker associated with MDD predisposition.
The adaptiveness of fear (and other emotions) considered more broadly: Missed literature on the nature of emotions and its functions
Authors: Clark Margaret S. , Adkins Chance , Hirsch Jennifer , Elizabeth Hannah S. , Reed Noah T.
Published: May 2023

We agree with Grossmann that fear often builds cooperative relationships. Yet he neglects much extant literature. Prior researchers have discussed how fear (and other emotions) build cooperative relationships, have questioned whether fear per se evolved to serve this purpose, and have emphasized that human cooperation takes many forms. Grossmann's theory would benefit from a wider consideration of this work.
Cultural evolution needed to complete the Grossmann theory
Authors: Kitayama Shinobu , Rossmaier Amelie
Published: May 2023

Grossmann used evolutionary analysis to argue for the adaptive nature of fearfulness. This analysis, however, falls short of addressing why negative affectivity is maladaptive in contemporary Western societies. Here, we fill the gap by documenting the implied cultural variation and considering cultural (rather than biological) evolution over the last 10,000 years to explain the observed cultural variation.
More than fear: Contributions of biobehavioral synchrony and infants' reactivity to cooperative care
Authors: daSilva Elizabeth B. , Bertenthal Bennett I.
Published: May 2023

We present two challenges to the fearful ape hypothesis: (1) biobehavioral synchrony precedes and moderates the effects of fear on cooperative care, and (2) cooperative care emerges in a more bidirectional manner than Grossmann acknowledges. We present evidence demonstrating how dyadic differences in co-regulation and individual differences in infants' reactivity shape caregivers' responses to infant affect.
Are we virtuously caring or just anxious?
Authors: Kurth Charlie
Published: May 2023

According to Grossmann, the high levels of cooperation seen in humans are the result of a “virtuous caring cycle” on which the increased care that more fearful children receive brings increased cooperative tendencies in those children. But this proposal overlooks an equally well supported alternative on which children's anxiety – not a virtuous caring cycle – explains the cooperative tendencies of humans.
Under greater cooperative care, childhood fear is more accommodated, but less warranted
Authors: Shteynberg Garriy
Published: May 2023

The target article posits that caregiver cooperation rendered heightened expression of childhood fear an adaptive response to threat. I argue that caregiver cooperation rendered childhood fear expression less accurate as a signal of actual threat, and hence less effective for harm avoidance. Further, other emotional expressions that avoid unwarranted caregiver stress may be more likely to evoke needed care.