bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un Método Metaheurístico para resolver el problema de Distribución de Instalaciones de Áreas Desiguales y Dimensiones Fijas
Authors: Urango Narvaez Wimer , Hernández Riaño Helman Enrique , López Pereira Jorge Mario
Published: July 2020

Introducción: El Problema de Distribución de Instalaciones de Áreas Desiguales y Dimensiones Fijas (UA-FLP), es un problema de optimización combinatoria no lineal, bien conocido por buscar la mejor ordenación de estaciones de trabajo que poseen áreas y/o dimensiones distintas; estudios recientes muestran métodos aproximados, como metaheurísticas, para resolver este tipo de problemas,  o en su defecto muestran innovación en la modelación matemática del mismo, cabe resaltar que el efecto de los decodificadores como variable del problema no había sido analizada hasta este momento.
Objetivo: Determinar si existe diferencia significativa en la calidad de la solución ofrecida por cada una de las combinaciones Metaheurística-Decodificador.
Metodología: Se propusieron dos metaheurísticas, un Algoritmo Genético Básico y un algoritmo llamado N2, al igual que dos decodificadores, el Decodificador en Espiral y el Decodificador en Abanico, posteriormente se realizó un experimento simple cuyo factor experimental fue la combinación Metaheurística-Decodificador y la variable dependiente fue la función objetivo del problema analizado.
Resultados: El diseño experimental mostro que la combinación, metaheurística N2 y Decodificador en Espiral ofrecen los resultados de mejor calidad. 
Conclusiones: Existe diferencia significativa en la combinación Metaheurística- Decodificador; En específico se puede afirmar que, para el problema en cuestión, la metaheurística N2 es más eficiente que el Algoritmo Genético Básico, añadido a esto, también se puede concluir que los decodificadores tienen gran influencia a la hora de resolver un UA-FLP.
CO2 and cost optimization of reinforced concrete footings over a lime-treated soil using modified simulated annealing algorithm
Authors: Arrieta Baldovino Jair de Jesús , Millán Páramo Carlos , Dos-Santos-Izzo Ronaldo Luis , Moreira Eclesielter
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The design of spread footings over a lime-treated soil is studied as an important topic in geotechnical and environmental engineering. With the emergence and use of algorithms, it is possible to solve optimization problems in engineering, leading, for example, to decreased amounts of materials, time, energy, and work.
Objective: This research aims to optimize the CO2 emission and cost of building spread footings over a treated soil with hydrated lime using the modified simulated annealing algorithm (MSAA).
Method: The parameters for shear strength (cohesion and friction angle) was calculated of a silty soil of the Guabirotuba geological formation of Curitiba (Brazil) stabilized with different lime contents (3, 5, 7 and 9%) at different curing times (30, 90, and 180 days). Then with these parameters, the geometry of the spread footings was optimized with MSAA minimizing the cost and CO2 emissions of their construction. For the design constraint of the structures the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil was used as criteria, the settlements produced by the service load, and the base safety factor
Results: The results show that most of the problems converge to the same solution for costs and CO2 emissions without depending on curing time and lime content used, due to the solutions being restricted primarily by the maximum permissible settlements.
Conclusions: With the increase in lime content, the cohesion of the mixtures increased for all curing times studied ant the friction angle had no major variations in relation to the amount of lime administered or to the curing time employed. Costs and carbon dioxide emissions for spread footing construction converge to the same results. In this sense, 9% lime can be avoided, and small percentages of lime (i.e. 3-5%) are appropriated to ground improvement and reduce the costs of this procedure. On the other hand, the MSAA can be designated as a robust algorithm due to having achieved almost equal results and, in some cases, better results compared with other algorithms to solve problems reported in the literature.
Evaluación del uso de fibras lignocelulósicas para el reforzamiento de espumas rígidas de poliuretano
Authors: Malagón Micán Martha Lucía , Velásquez-Baracaldo Lina María , García-Camacho William Ferney
Published: July 2020

Introducción: Las reservas de petróleo son recursos no renovables, que pueden ser sustituidos por biomasa, proveniente de residuos agroindustriales como las fibras lignocelulósicas, permitiendo de esta manera la sustitución parcial de derivados del petróleo.
Objetivo: Este artículo tiene por objetivo evaluar el uso de fibras lignocelulósicas para el reforzamiento de espumas rígidas de poliuretano.
Metodología: Se realizó un pretratamiento al material lignocelulósico, como cáscaras de mango, cascarilla de arroz y microcristales de celulosa, luego se determinó el contenido de celulosa y lignina, posteriormente se hizo la determinación del contenido del grupo hidroxilo (OH) presente en las fibras y la síntesis de las espumas de poliuretano, incluyendo material lignocelulósico en un 5%, 10% y 15%. Finalmente, se caracterizaron las espumas con la densidad aparente, absorción de agua, resistencia a la tensión y espectroscopia FTIR.
Resultados: La cascarilla de arroz, presentó el mejor resultado con un reemplazo de OH del 15%, densidad aparente de 33 kg/m3 y resistencia a la tensión 152,92 kPa. Para la absorción de agua, las cáscaras de mango alcanzaron un 277% de incremento en masa, para un 15% de OH.
Conclusiones: El reemplazo de fibras lignocelulósicas, como las cáscaras de mango y la cascarilla de arroz para reforzar espumas rígidas de poliuretano, son una oportunidad para utilizar recursos renovables con mayor valor agregado y aplicaciones industriales. Las espumas reforzadas con cascarilla de arroz al 15%, son las que tienen mejores resultados y en cuanto a la densidad aparente se obtuvo un valor máximo de 33 kg/m3, al compararlo con las muestras de cáscara de mango y microcristales de celulosa. Para la resistencia a la tensión, registra un valor de 152,92 kPa, con un aumento del 79% con respecto a la espuma de referencia. Así estas espumas reforzadas con cascarilla de arroz pueden usarse como material  con resistencia a esfuerzos mecánicos y se recomienda evaluar su uso como aislante térmico. De las fibras evaluadas, la cáscara de mango es la mejor opción para una espuma de uso hortícola, ya que obtuvo una capacidad de absorción de agua de 277,30% correspondiente a la muestra con un porcentaje de sustitución del 15%.
Nonlinear analysis of unreinforced beam-column joints
Authors: Salinas Guayacundo Daniel Ricardo , Leon Saenz Roberto Tomas
Published: July 2020

Introduction- Reinforced Concrete Frames (RCF) constitute a significant portion of the building stock in areas with seismic hazard. Many older buildings of this type were designed and constructed with little or no consideration of lateral load effects. When not properly designed, the Beam-Column Joints (BCJ) can be the weak links in the RCF. Unreinforced BCJ are still quite prevalent in older-type construction especially in Asia and Latin America. The unreinforced BCJ are key components that have a significant impact on the structure’s behavior of RCF. Regarding the analytical approaches applicable to BCJ, the approaches range from simplified to more elaborate and phenomenological-oriented. Unfortunately, most of them lack of simplicity, numerical stability and practicality to robustly evaluate the performance of unreinforced BCJ. This paper presents an analytical approach to modeling unreinforced BCJ.
Objective- The aim of this paper is to present a modified modeling approach to simulate the nonlinear behavior of unreinforced BCJ in RCF structures.
Method- The approach presented is based on the model presented in [1]. The model was modified to follow the same nomenclature of the [2]. In the proposed approach, the BCJ subassembly is represented by (1) a set of rigid links placed in cross-shape are used to represent the joint geometry, (2) a zero-length element with an empirical quad-backbone curve, placed at the middle point of the rigid links, to represent the joint shear behavior, and (3) columns and beams elements modeled with fiber formulation and five integration points to capture the material nonlinearity of the elements that frame into the joint. The approach was implemented in the OpenSEES platform, and this was validated with 13 test results of unreinforced BCJ documented in the literature.
Results- The proposed modelling approach can satisfactorily predict the joint shear capacity. A 2% difference and a standard deviation of about 11% were obtained when compared to 13 test results of unreinforced BCJ documented in the literature. In terms of cyclic behavior, the proposed modelling approach shown to adequately capture the initial stiffness, strength degradation, reloading stiffness, pre-capping, and post-capping capacity.
Conclusions- The method proposed presents satisfactory agreement with the test results analyzed. Taking into account the minor modifications applied to the proposed method and the uncertainties associated with the materials, test measurements, test setup, and the tolerances, the proposed method can satisfactorily predict the unreinforced BCJ shear capacity in RCF structures. It is assumed that the procedures presented here will contribute in the incorporation of the unreinforced BCJ flexibility when modeling older-type RCF construction in a pragmatic manner.
Planeación de la capacidad hospitalaria: un enfoque desde el flujo de pacientes con Dinámica de Sistemas
Authors: Duarte Forero Edgar , Camacho Oliveros Manuel Ángel
Published: July 2020

Introducción: La adecuada administración de los recursos disponibles es un factor que incide significativamente en la calidad de la atención en hospitales. Las nuevas tecnologías en salud, el envejecimiento de la población, y la escasa disponibilidad presupuestal conllevan a mejorar la administración de la capacidad hospitalaria para lograr mejores desempeños globales.
Objetivo: Construir herramientas que permitan estudiar los factores que inciden en los indicadores de eficiencia hospitalaria global (giro-cama, porcentaje ocupacional y estancia promedio) desde la perspectiva del flujo de pacientes.
Metodología: Se desarrolló un estudio utilizando Dinámica de sistemas en un hospital público de alta complejidad desde la perspectiva del flujo de pacientes, haciendo énfasis en la parametrización de condicionantes de capacidad y en la medición del impacto en indicadores de eficiencia global. La exploración de estrategias se desarrolló con análisis de varianzas y análisis de componentes principales.
Resultados: El porcentaje ocupacional reflejó mayor sensibilidad al uso de políticas sobre uso de camas y reducción de tiempos de espera. El giro cama fue el indicador con mayor velocidad de respuesta a los cambios implementados. El aumento de las horas-médico disponibles en urgencias no presentó impactos significativos en el flujo de pacientes ni en las medidas de desempeño global.
Conclusiones: La simulación continua y análisis de componentes principales permitió obtener herramientas para la planeación de capacidad en el mediano y largo plazo. En lugar de invertir en el aumento de capacidad instalada, la gerencia debe priorizar la reducción de desperdicios a través de metodologías como Lean healthcare.
Método Cluster-RNA para Clasificar, Caracterizar y Pronosticar Perfiles Competitivos del Sector Tiendas Minoristas en la Ciudad de Barranquilla
Authors: De La Hoz G Efrain , Iglesias Maria Auxiliadora , Perez  Coronell Leidy Haidy
Published: July 2020

Objetivo– Desarrollar un método para clasificar, caracterizar y pronosticar perfiles competitivos del sector tiendas minoristas a partir de la integración de la técnica de análisis de cluster y las redes neuronales artificiales.
Metodología– Para lo anterior se revisó la literatura relacionada con la competitividad de tiendas minoristas a partir de lo cual se identificaron variables asociadas a esta investigación. La información analizada corresponde a 224 tiendas de comercio minorista de la ciudad de Barranquilla.
Resultados– El análisis de cluster permitió caracterizar 4 perfiles competitivos del sector que mostraron ser homogéneos intragrupo y heterogéneos extragrupo, El modelo de red neuronal artificial mostró un 91,3% de clasificación correcta en la muestra de reserva, con lo cual se infiere la capacidad de clasificación del modelo de red y la capacidad discriminante de las variables relacionadas con el conocimiento de productos y precios, las prácticas de inventario y ventas, presencia en el mercado, atención diferenciada, ubicación y variedad de productos en los perfiles identificados.
Conclusiones– Los resultados de la investigación muestran alta capacidad del método cluster-RNA, para clasificar y proyectar perfiles competitivos a partir de los cuales se pueden diseñar procesos de mejoramiento.
Diseño metodológico para la caracterización de procesos, caso empresas metalmecánicas del departamento de Boyacá
Authors: Castillo Gonzalez Jessica Nataly , Carreño Dueñas Diego Andres
Published: July 2020

Introducción: Diversos estudios han demostrado que Sistemas de Mejora Continua generan mayor productividad y competitividad al interior de las empresas, una de las principales herramientas que soporta la mejora continua es un Bussines Process Management. Sin embargo, es bien sabido que al interior de las empresas aun cuando tienen implementados Sistemas de Gestión de Calidad, no son productivas debido a que en la caracterización y diseño de los procesos presentan falencias. Este trabajo busca diseñar una metodología que permita facilitar el proceso de caracterización y documentación de los procesos de mejora de diferentes empresas.
Objetivo: Crear y diseñar una metodología que logre caracterizar y documentar los procesos de negocio.
Metodología: La metodología consta de un enfoque mixto y se desarrolla mediante tres (3) fases; Exploración, Análisis y selección, y Diseño.
Resultados: Con esta investigación se logro crear una herramienta que guía la documentación de los procesos para los empresarios del departamento de Boyacá, facilitando su proceso, aplicación y sin llegar a incurrir en costos extras. Tomando como referente la potencialidad socioeconómica de los empresarios del departamento.
Conclusiones: Al caracterizar los procesos se pude observar una notable mejora en las organizaciones, facilitando el proceso de adaptación de los nuevos trabajadores y la detección de fallas en  el proceso.
Design and Additive Manufacturing of Medical Face Shield for Healthcare Workers Battling Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Authors: Celik H. Kursat , Kose Ozkan , Ulmeanu Mihaela-Elena , E. W. Rennie4 Allan , N. Abram Thomas , Akinci Ibrahim
Published: July 2020

 During the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, the demand for specific medical equipment such as personal protective equipment has rapidly exceeded the available supply around the world. Specifically, simple medical equipment such as medical gloves, aprons, goggles, surgery masks, and medical face shields have become highly in demand in the health-care sector in the face of this rapidly developing pandemic. This difficult period strengthens the social solidarity to an extent parallel to the escalation of this pandemic. Education and government institutions, commercial and noncommercial organizations and individual homemakers have produced specific medical equipment by means of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, which is the fastest way to create a product, providing their support for urgent demands within the health-care services. Medical face shields have become a popular item to produce, and many design variations and prototypes have been forthcoming. Although AM technology can be used to produce several types of noncommercial equipment, this rapid manufacturing approach is limited by its longer production time as compared to conventional serial/mass production and the high demand. However, most of the individual designer/maker-based face shields are designed with little appreciation of clinical needs and nonergonomic. They also lack of professional product design and are not designed according to AM (Design for AM [DfAM]) principles. Consequently, the production time of up to 4 – 5 h for some products of these designs is needed. Therefore, a lighter, more ergonomic, single frame medical face shield without extra components to assemble would be useful, especially for individual designers/makers and noncommercial producers to increase productivity in a shorter timeframe. In this study, a medical face shield that is competitively lighter, relatively more ergonomic, easy to use, and can be assembled without extra components (such as elastic bands, softening materials, and clips) was designed. The face shield was produced by AM with a relatively shorter production time. Subsequently, finite element analysis-based structural design verification was performed, and a three-dimensional (3D) prototype was produced by an original equipment manufacturer 3D printer (Fused Deposition Modeling). This study demonstrated that an original face shield design with <10 g material usage per single frame was produced in under 45 min of fabrication time. This research also provides a useful product DfAM of simple medical equipment such as face shields through advanced engineering design, simulation, and AM applications as an essential approach to battling coronavirus-like viral pandemics.
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF VAPOR ABSORPTION GENERATOR-HEAT EXCHANGER USING KERN METHOD AND CFD
Authors: MOHAMED Salem Alabd , KARİMİ Munawar Nawab
Published: July 2020

The growing demand for new and eco-friendly energy resources has raised the need of sustainable sources or renewable energy for use in present era. A vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS or VAS) is a closed loop refrigeration system which requires low heat for its functioning and, it is therefore, considered an eco-friendly solution. Since, generator is the main component of VAS which can significantly influence the efficacy of overall system, the current paper involves modeling and thermal analysis of generator using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The objective of this study is to optimize the heat transfer by changing baffle spacing of generator heat exchanger, running on a single effect LiBr/ water absorption cycle. For this purpose, hot water driven generator of 1ton capacity is taken. The simulation results of CFD were validated by comparing them with theoretical results. The overall design estimation and design technique that follows Birmingham Wire Gauge (BWG) and Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers Association (TEMA) standard are considered in this study. It was found from the analysis that the design model with smallest baffle spacing has the highest heat transfer coefficient. On reducing the baffle spacing from 137mm to 101mm, an increment of 48% in overall heat transfer coefficient was observed. Likewise, an increase in velocity by 36% and drop in static pressure by 27% were seen. Similar trend was observed in the theoretical results.
A SIMULATED STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF WATER TEMPERATURE ON COOLING EFFICIENCY OF WATER MIST FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Authors: OMİDVAR Amir , MAHDAVİ Amirhossein , MEHRYAR Reza
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the effect of initial water temperature on the cooling performance of a water mist fire suppression system has been investigated. A zero-dimensional analytical model was first developed to study the thermal and dynamic behavior of a single water droplet. The developed model was validated against available experimental data in the literature. The developed model was further extended to simulate the transient heating, evaporation, break-up, and liquid penetration length of a hollow-cone water spray. Results indicated that increasing the initial temperature of the water spray before injection resulted in a decrease in the initial size distribution of the spray droplets. It was further found that the evaporation time of the injected droplets decreased by about 11% and the cooling power of the pre-heated water mist system enhanced by 12% in exchange for increasing the initial temperature of the water spray by 10˚C. It was concluded that pre-heating the sprayed water droplets would likely improve the cooling efficiency of the water mist system. It could be also inferred that at equal cooling power, less water was consumed by the pre-heated spray compared to conventional water mist systems.
MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECT ON THE HEAT TRANSFER IN A NANOFLUID FILLED LID DRIVEN CAVITY WITH JOULE HEATING
Authors: TAGHİKHANİ Mohammad Ali
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the effects of magnetic field, Joule heating and volumetric heat generation on the heat transfer and fluid flow in a Cu-Water nanofluid filled lid driven cavity using enhanced streamfunction–velocity method are investigated. The cavity is heated by a uniform volumetric heat density and side walls have constant temperature. The top wall moves with constant velocity in +x direction, while no-slip boundary conditions are imposed on the other walls of the cavity. An inclined fixed magnetic field is applied to the left side wall of the cavity. The dimensionless governing equations are solved numerically for the stream function and temperature using finite difference method for various Richardson(Ri), Reynolds(Re), Hartmann (Ha), Eckert(Ec)numbers, magnetic field angle(α) and solid volume fraction of the nanofluid() in MATLAB software. To discretize the streamfunction-velocity formulation, a five point constant coefficient second-order compact finite difference approximation which avoids difficulties inherent in the conventional streamfunction–vorticity and primitive variable formulations is used. The stream function equation is solved using fast Poisson's equation solver on a rectangular grid (POICALC function in MATLAB) and the temperature equation is solved using Jacobi bi-conjugate gradient stabilized (BiCGSTAB) method. The heat transfer within the cavity is characterized by Nusselt number (Nu1). The results show that Nu1 is significantly increased by increasing Ri and  and increasing the Reynolds number enhances convective cooling. The heat transfer within the cavity is decreased by increasing Hartmann number which improves conduction heat transfer and reduces Nu1. Joule heating has a negative effect on the convection within the cavity and convection is decreased by increasing the value of Ec. It can be investigated that Nu1 is decreased by increasing Ec due to the strong distortion effect of Joule heating on convection current of heat transfer.
OPTIMUM PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS BASED ON THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF A COMPRESSION ABSORPTION CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
Authors: ANSARI Naushad , ARORA Akhilesh , GAUTAM Samsher , K. Manjunath
Published: July 2020

In the present study a cascade refrigeration system (CRS) comprising of a vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) system in the low temperature (LT) stage and a single stage vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) system in high temperature (HT) stage is analyzed. The scope of this work focuses on the effect of different parameters on the performance of the CRS with the help of a mathematical model. The energy and exergy analysis of the CRS is carried out with CO2 and NH3 as refrigerants in the VCR stage and the pair of H2O-LiBr fluids in the VAR stage. It is observed that COP and exergetic efficiency of the CRS reduce with increase in cascade condenser temperature with CO2 as a refrigerant in VCR stage whereas with NH3 as a refrigerant in VCR stage, the COP increases with increase in cascade condenser temperature, it attains a maximum value and then decreases.
Endülüs Müslümanlarının II. Bayezid’e Yazdığı İstiğâse (Feryadname) Kasidesi
Authors: Meşe Ramazan
Published: July 2020

İber yarımadasında yaklaşık sekiz asır boyunca Müslümanların oluşturmuş olduğu görkemli medeniyet, son Endülüs İslam Devleti Benî Ahmer’in 898/1492’de yıkılması ile son bulmuştur. Benî Ahmer Devleti’nin yıkılmasından sonra yarımadada kalan Müslümanlara karşı takınılan sert ve acımasız tavır karşısında yarımadadaki Müslümanlar, dönemin güçlü Müslüman devlet başkanlarından yardım istemişlerdir. Bu yardım taleplerini de istiğâse (feryadname) kasideleri yazarak elçi vasıtasıyla bu devlet başkanlarına iletmişlerdir. Bu kasidelerde içinde bulundukları zor durumu dile getirip maruz kaldıkları baskı ve zulmü tasvir etmişlerdir. Tarihi bir belge niteliğinde olan bu kasideler Osmanlı Devleti padişahlarından II. Bayezid’e da ulaşmış ve ondan yardım talep edilmiştir. Endülüslüler II. Bayezid’e iki istiğâse kasidesi yazmıştır. Bunların birincisi henüz Benî Ahmer Devleti (1238-1492) yıkılmadan önce Hıristiyanların dört bir taraftan devleti işgal etmelerinden dolayı yazılan istiğâse kasidedir. İkincisi ise Benî Ahmer Devleti’nin yıkılmasından sonra Müslümanların maruz kaldığı asimilasyon politikasından dolayı yazılan istiğâse kasidesidir. Bu çalışmada Endülüs’te son Müslüman devleti olan Benî Ahmer Devleti düştükten sonra Endülüs Müslümanların Osmanlı Padişahı II. Bayezid’e yazdıkları istiğâse kasidesi değerlendirilecektir. Tarihi bir vesika olan bu kasideye geçmeden önce girişte Endülüs tarihinden, son Endülüs Müslüman Devleti Benî Ahmer’in yıkılışı ve bundan sonra Endülüs’te kalan Müslümanların yaşadıkları Hıristiyan baskılarından kısaca bahsedilecektir. Daha sonra istiğâse şiiri tarif edilerek söz konusu kaside tercümesi yapılarak değerlendirilecektir.
İslâm Ceza Hukukunda Tâbî, Tekmîlî ve Ta’zîr Nitelikli Manevî Ceza Türleri
Authors: Tekin Abdülkadir
Published: July 2020

İslâm ceza hukukunda, “bireyin ve toplumun menfaatini korumak için Şâri’in emir ve yasaklarının ihlaline bağlanan yaptırım ve işlediği suç karşılığı kişiye verilen elem” şeklinde tanımlanan “ceza”nın genel şekliyle maddî ve manevî olmak üzere iki türü vardır. Cezaî müeyyideler bedene, hayata, hürriyete ve mal varlığına yönelik olabileceği gibi kişinin manevî şahsiyetine yönelik de olabilir ve bazen bunların birkaç tanesi birlikte bulunabilir. Maddî ceza söz konusu yaptırımlar içerisinde en ağırı olarak kabul edilip, bedenî veya fizikî ceza şeklinde nitelendirilmekteyken, manevî ceza ise kişinin ruhunda fiziksel cezadan daha derin izler bırakan, psikolojik ve ruhsal boyutlu bir ceza türü olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Bu tür cezalar; suçun çeşidi ve suçlunun durumuna göre soğuk davranmak, baskı oluşturmak, nasihat vermek, uyarmak, kınamak, azarlamak, tehdit etmek, teşhir etmek vb. şekillerde uygulanır. Hemen her suça tek tip ceza verilmesinin suç-ceza dengesini kuramadığı, suçlunun ıslahına ve suçların azalmasına yeteri kadar katkıda bulunamadığı ve caydırıcılık fonksiyonuna sahip olamadığı görülmektedir. İslâm ceza hukukunda, hapis cezasının yanı sıra hukukîlik içeren aslî cezaya tâbî, tekmîlî ve ta’zîr nitelikli manevî cezaların, söz konusu amaçlara ma’tûf, etkili ve de yaygın bir cezaî müeyyide çeşidi olarak tatbik edildiği görülmektedir. Bu türden manevî cezaların genel gayesi; suç-ceza arasındaki dengeyi kurmak, suçlunun etkin pişmanlığını sağlamak ve mağdur olan tarafı teskin etmektir. Ayrıca suçlunun ıslahına katkıda bulunmak suretiyle, kamu düzenini korumak ve toplum yararının devamlılığını sağlamaktır. Bu bağlamda araştırmada, İslâm ceza hukuk sisteminde aslî cezaya tâbî, tekmîlî ve ta’zîr nitelikli manevî ceza türleri tespit edilerek bu cezaların genel özellikleri ile bireysel ve toplumsal bağlamda fonksiyonu değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur.
Theoretical and Practical Principles on Nanoethics: A Narrative Review Article
Authors: BIROUDIAN Saeed , ABBASI Mahmoud , KIANI Mehrzad
Published: July 2020

Background: Interests in nanotechnology and its application in medical research, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases continuously grow. The study identified the theoretical and practical principles of ethics in developed countries’ nanomedical research to be used as the first step of development of a national nanoethics standard or guideline in Iran and developing countries.
Methods: The present study was done between 2012-2016 in Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, which comprised a literature review and a comparative study to describe and compare the nanoethics situation and considerations of nanoethics in Australia, Canada, and USA.
Results: The main ethical considerations in the three countries contain two major categories, including firstly, the nature of nanoparticles such as its diversity, rapid development of new and not well-defined nanoproducts and particles and unpredictable side effects of such nanoparticles; and secondly, the application of developed nanoparticles in areas such as justice, privacy protection, patient-physician relations, etc.
Conclusion: It is controversial to develop an independent nanoethics standard or codes; however, national priorities and concerns, as well as specific nanoethics considerations, should be investigated before deciding to create such standards in each country. Overall, careful considerations have to take into account the justice, privacy protection, the inherent risks of nanomaterials and their possible side effects on patients and other study subjects, as well as considering characteristics of new developed nanoproducts and particles.
Application Effects of Whole Course High-Quality Nursing on Patients with Liver Cancer during Radiotherapy
Authors: PANG Ling , WANG Yunxia , XING Yuexin , ZHAO Chunxia
Published: July 2020

Background: To explore the application effects of whole course high-quality nursing on patients with liver cancer during radiotherapy.
Methods: One hundred and five patients with liver cancer who received radiotherapy in Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China from March 2010 to February 2012 were selected and divided into a control group (42 cases with routine nursing) and an experimental group (63 cases with whole course high-quality nursing). The two groups of patients were observed and compared in terms of clinical data and the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) score before and after nursing (1 course of treatment/6 week). The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate and compare the patients’ anxiety and depression before and after nursing. Adverse reactions during radiotherapy and nursing satisfactory of patients were observed and compared between the two groups.
Results: After nursing, the ADL score and the nursing satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The SDS and SAS scores in the 2 groups before nursing were significantly higher than those after nursing (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Whole course high-quality nursing can improve the negative emotions, quality of life and nursing satisfaction, and reduce adverse reactions of patients with liver cancer during radiotherapy.
Gastroduodenal Bleeding and Perforation in Diabetic Patients with Metabolic Syndrome (the Results of a 15-Year Observation of City Residents with Intensive Urbanization)
Authors: IMASHEV Marat , FURSOV Alexandr , IMASHEVA Bagdat , FURSOV Roman , KUSPAEV Yerzhan , KOVALENKO Timofei , ISMAILOV Alishan , ABDULDAYEVA Aigul , VOLCHKOVA Irina
Published: July 2020

Background: The prevalence of bleeding and perforation against the diabetes mellitus, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is studied not sufficiently.
Methods: The period of collecting the material was 15 years (2003-2017). The observation analysis was conducted for the patients at polyclinics observations, by the doctors of first-aid, in the surgical departments of the Astana City, Kazakhstan. The number of first-aid visits to patients, the medical cards of the patients with gastroduodenal perforation (GDP) and gastroduodenal bleeding (GDB) were analyzed.
Results: The rate of annual growth of indices of overall morbidity Rgm=1.0%, obesity in combination with diabetes was Ro=1.7%; and morbidity with metabolic syndrome was Rm=3.1%. The diagnosis of GDP was revealed in 0.63 men with MetS for every 100000 urban people. The diagnosis of GDB was registered in 2.12 men for 100000 urban people. The index of the annual growth in patients with MetS had the tendency to the growth (Rms=3.1%).
Conclusion: The high medical and social significance of diseases of the digestive system among the adult population in Kazakhstan is determined by the annual increase in the incidence rate and a clear decrease in the quality of life of such patients, which necessitates the search for scientifically based ways to improve medical care for this population.
Efficacy of Vitamin D Combined with Metformin and Clomiphene in the Treatment of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Combined with Infertility
Authors: ZHUANG Lili , CUI Wei , CONG Jianxiang , ZHANG Yinghong
Published: July 2020

Background: We aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of vitamin D combined with metformin and clomiphene in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome combined with infertility.
Methods: Overall, 396 cases of polycystic ovarian syndrome combined with infertility in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China were prospectively analyzed. Among them, 204 cases treated with vitamin D combined with metformin and clomiphene were set as the study group; 192 cases treated with only metformin and clomiphene were set as the control group. The ovarian volume and thickness of uterine wall before and after treatment were recorded. Levels of fasting insulin (FINS), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2) before and after treatment were recorded.
Results: There was no difference in body weight, BMI, ovarian volume, thickness of ovarian wall, FINS, LH, T, FSH and E2 between the study group and the control group; there was no significant difference in FSH, E2 and the thickness of uterine wall between the two groups. After treatment, the BMI, FINS, LH, and T in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); the incidence rates of oligomenorrhea, facial acne and hairy symptoms in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); after treatment, the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate in 36 cycles in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Our challenge could significantly improve clinical symptoms and endocrine conditions, and greatly enhance the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate.
Association of LOXL1 Gene Polymorphisms in Exfoliation Glaucoma Patients
Authors: TAGHAVI Elham , DANESHVAR Ramin , NOORMOHAMMADI Zahra , MODARRESI Seyed Mohammad-Hossein , SEDAGHAT Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2020

Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) is pathogenetically related to exfoliative glaucoma (XFG), which is the most common type of secondary glaucoma. We aimed to investigate the relationship between LOXL1 SNPs (rs1048661, rs3825942) and XFS and/or XFG in a cohort of Iranian subjects.
Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated possible association between LOXL1 gene polymorphisms and exfoliative glaucoma in Northeastern part of Iran between May 2014 and May 2015. Sixty unrelated XFS/XFG patients, as well as 40 control subjects, were studied by direct sequencing. In fifteen senile cataract patients without glaucoma and fifteen patients with coexisting XFG and cataract, capsulorhexis specimen of the anterior lens capsule was used to evaluate LOXL1 gene transcripts by Real-Time PCR technique. We analyzed the results for allele frequencies and haplotype association and investigated the relative gene expression.
Results: Significant associations between the rs382594 SNP and XFG and between rs1048661 SNP and XFG were observed (P<0.05 for both). The frequency of the G allele in the exonic SNP (rs1048661) appeared to be higher in XFS or XFG patients compared to control subjects (P= 0.0497). Moreover, in the rs3825942 SNP, the G allele was more frequent in XFS/XFG patients compared to control subjects (P=0.0016). The highest cumulative frequency was for the GG haplotype. GG haplotype was associated with increased risk of XFG compared to the rs1048661 G/T and rs3825942 G/A haplotypes. LOXL1 mRNA expression was not statistically significantly different between XFS/XFG and control subjects.
Conclusion: We reported the LOXL1 gene polymorphism in an Iranian XFS/XFG cohort. Similar to many other ethnic groups and geographic regions, our results confirmed an association between LOXL1 gene variants and XFG in Iran.
Retinol and α-Tocopherol Levels in the Serum and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Newly Diagnosed Basal Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: GHAEDI Ehsan , RAHROVANI Fatemeh , JAVANBAKHT Mohammad Hassan , EHSANI Amir-Hooshang , ESRAFILI Ali , MOHAMMADI Hamed , ZAREI Mahnaz , DJALALI Mahmoud
Published: July 2020

Background: Nonmelanoma skin cancers are the most frequently occurring skin cancers. Vitamin A is involved in epithelial cell differentiation and may control skin tumor development. Vitamin E is a powerful lipophilic antioxidant that can quench and scavenge reactive oxygen species. However, there is little consistent evidence considering micronutrients and the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possible difference between retinol and α-tocopherol in BCC patients and controls in Iranian population.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on adults with newly diagnosed BCC referred to Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2015. Serum and subcutaneous fat tissue retinol and α-tochopherol were measured by HPLC method.
Results: Overall, serum retinol level was lower significantly in BCC patients (0.237±0.01 µg/ml) in comparison with control group (0.27±0.02 µg/ml, P-value: 0.038). However serum ɑ-tocopherol level was not significantly different between BCC patients (4.41±0.33 µg/ml) and control subjects (4.06±0.35 µg/ml, P-value=0.18). Subcutaneous adipose tissue retinol was lower significantly in BCC patients (38.60±3.30 ng/mg) compared with control group (54.78±3.49 ng/mg, P-value=0.002). Furthermore, results revealed lower subcutaneous adipose tissue ɑ-tocopherol in BCC patients (4.41±0.33 µg/ml) in comparison with control group (4.06±0.35 µg/ml, P-value=0.18).
Conclusion: Skin tissue concentration of retinol and ɑ-tocopherol and serum retinol level was lower in BCC patients in comparison with control group but serum ɑ-tocopherol was not different between groups.
Substance Use among Poisoned Teenage Patients
Authors: ZAMANI Nasim , HASSANIAN-MOGHADDAM Hossein , NOROOZI Alireza , SABERI ZAFARGHANDI Mohammad Bagher , KOLAHI Ali-Asghar
Published: July 2020

Background: Substance use is a growing problem in many countries especially among teenagers. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and complications of substance use in teenagers referring to a tertiary hospital following intoxication.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study between 2012 and 2013 in Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran, sixteen substances were checked in teenagers referring due to poisoning. They divided into two groups of young (13 to <16 yr; group 1) and old-teenagers (16 to 19 yr; group 2). History of lifetime substance use and drug use within the week prior to admission were recorded.
Results: Mean (range) age of young teenagers was 14.5±0.6 [13, 15] and 17.7±1.1 [16, 19] in old-teenagers with female predominance. Of 264 teenagers, four in group 1 and 27 in group 2 were admitted due to drug overdose. Six and 69 patients in groups 1 and 2 claimed that they had used some kind of substance in the week prior to admission. Twenty (37%) and 106 (50.5%) patients in the young and old-teenager groups were defined as drug users and rates of unreported substance use were 27.8% (15 cases) and 23.8% (50 cases) respectively. Ninety-six substance users (36.4%) had referred due to poisonings other than recreational intoxication (P<.001). Screening toxicological lab data showed significant opioid and sedative exposure in old-teenagers.
Conclusion: It seems young adolescents hide their drug abuse more than old teenagers. Using illicit drugs screening tests may help us to provide hidden rate of abuse in teenagers.
A Case-Control Study on the p73 G4A Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Breast Cancer in an Iranian Population
Authors: TAVAKKOL AFSHARI Zeinab , GHOLIZADEH Zahra , NIKPOOR Amin Reza , TAVAKKOL AFSHARI Jalil , GANJALI Rashin , HOMAEI SHANDIZ Fatemeh , JAMIALAHMADI Khadijeh
Published: July 2020

Background: The tumor protein p73 (TP73) is a homolog of TP53 family. Ectopic p73 overexpression largely mimics p53 activities as a tumor suppressor and activates the transcription of p53-responsive genes and as a result induce apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between p73 G4A polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer in a northeastern Iranian population.
Methods: This case-control study was performed on 105 patients who admitted in educational hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran during 2013-2015, with breast cancer as case group and 120 healthy women as the control group. PCR-CTPP method was used to investigate the relationship between the p73 G4A polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer.
Results: There was no significant association between the AA genotype of the p73 G4A polymorphism and breast cancer in case and control groups. Although G allele frequency was higher in the case group, the abundance of this allele between case and control groups was not statistically meaningful and, as a result, not associated with the risk of breast cancer in this study group.
Conclusion: There was no association between G4A p73 polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer in a northeastern Iranian population.
Home Food Safety Practice and Household Food Insecurity: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: ESFARJANI Fatemeh , HOSSEINI Hedayat , KHAKSAR Ramin , ROUSTAEE Roshanak , ALIKHANIAN Haleh , KHALAFI Marjan , MOUSAVI KHANEGHAH Amin , MOHAMMADI-NASRABADI Fatemeh
Published: July 2020

Background: Food safety and food security are interrelated concepts with a profound impact on the quality of human life. The current study, for the first time, was set to identify associations between home food safety practice and household food insecurity a structural equation modeling approach.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, urban households were selected from among 10 health centers of five districts of Tehran, Iran (2015). The following questionnaires were completed: socioeconomic status (SES), food security and food safety. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied for predicting the relationships between SES, food insecurity, and food safety in households.
Results: Food security was observed in 56% of households. Mild, moderate and severe food-insecure households were determined to be 29%, 12%, and 3%, respectively. In addition, the scores of home food safety practice in 37.5%, 33% and 29.5% of the households were classified as desirable, acceptable and weak, respectively. Low-educated mothers having husbands with low educational and occupational level had a weaker food safety practice compared to high-educated ones. Based on the SEM results, an inverse association between food safety practice and food insecurity score was observed (t= -2.89, ɣ= 0.16).
Conclusion: Food insecurity and undesirable food safety practice were relatively prevalent among households. In addition, the economic and social factors could inversely affect both food insecurity and food safety practices.
Evaluation of (GTG) 5-PCR for Genotyping of Klebsiella pneumonia Strains Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: RANJBAR Reza , AFSHAR Davoud
Published: July 2020

Background: Klebsiella pneumonia is one of the common causes of pneumonia and bacteremia in intensive care patients. The present study was aimed to determine the capability of (GTG) 5-PCR assay for molecular typing of K. pneumonia strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections.
Methods: In this descriptive-sectional study, K. pneumoniae strains were collected from hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection in Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2017-2018. Isolates were identified by conventional microbiological tests. Bacterial DNA was extracted using boiling method and (GTG) 5-PCR assay was used for subtyping of the isolates. For clustering of isolates, dendrogram was generated according to the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic (UPGMA).
Results: Overall, 88 K. pneumoniae isolates were isolated and subjected to the molecular typing study. The (GTG) 5–PCR assay was able to differentiate the K. pneumoniae strains into 9 clusters including G1-G9. Genotype clusters G4 and G9 consist of highest (26) and lowest (1) number isolate, respectively.
Conclusion: The K. pneumonia strains isolated under the study belonged to various clones and the (GTG) 5-PCR assay as simple and rapid method can be a powerful tool for molecular typing of K. pneumoniae strains.
Spatial Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cases Referred to Health Centers of Three Khorasan Provinces in Iran Using Geographical Information System
Authors: SHIRZADI Mohammad Reza , JAVANBAKHT Mohammad , JESRI Nahid , SAGHAFIPOUR Abedin
Published: July 2020

Background: Nowadays, geographic information system (GIS) is one of the most useful epidemiological tools for identifying high-risk areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, information on positive cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the three provinces located in northeastern Iran during Jul 2011 to Jul 2017 was obtained from the Iranian Ministry of Health. Based on the postal address of each case, the geographical coordinates of each patient were determined for spatial analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. For spatial analysis, Moran’s index autocorrelation and Kriging interpolation method were used in GIS software.
Results: Moran’s index autocorrelation showed that spatial distribution of disease incidence in the study area was cluster pattern (Z-score > 1). In addition, Kriging interpolation method revealed that 90% of southern parts of North Khorasan province and northern parts of Razavi Khorasan Province formed hot spots.
Conclusion: The CL incidence is a function of spatial and geographical trends. In addition, spatial trends in the disease incidence distribution indicate that it is not greatly increased or decreased from one area to another. It appears as hot spots areas. Spatial analysis by showing high risk areas can be useful tools for controlling and preventing CL incidence.