bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Screening of Novel Anti-Cancer Compound For Aurora Kinase A From Chemical Database
Authors: Singh Ipsa A. , Lokhande Kiran Bharat , Swamy K. Venkateswara
Published: October 2021

Aurora kinase, a group of enzymes that belongs to a serine-threonine family and plays a critical role in cellular division. Aurora Kinase A is overexpressed and distributed beyond the nucleus and is involved in tumorigenesis. So, Aurora Kinase A is used as a drug target for cancer. Flavones are a class of flavonoids that are present in plants that show anticancer activity. Hence, the study will be on molecular binding modes between the derivative compounds of flavone-containing fluoro groups and the Aurora kinase A. Similar compounds of 2’Fluoroflavones are retrieved from the PubChem database. Then drug-like filters viz. REOS and PAINS were applied to remove toxic compounds using Canvas software. 3882 compounds are filtered, and 2449 compounds were obtained and are used as ligands with Aurora Kinase protein (PDB ID: 2J47) as a target, docking was done using Glide (Schrödinger) software. The lead compound among the above compounds was selected on the merit of hydrogen bonding, salt bridge as well as pi-pi interactions, 4-(6-Fluoro-4-oxychromen-2yl) benzoic acid has been found one of the best molecules from docking studies. The binding mode of the lead compound with AURKA reveals that the amino acid residues viz, Lys162, Ala213, and His280 are more important for binding, and having the best binding energy (-11.760 kcal/mol) was noted among the ligand datasets. Then resulted Enrichment calculations is suggesting that the docking protocol is validated because the Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve shows R2 = 0.99. 100ns MD simulations of Aurora Kinase A and lead compounds confirm thermodynamic stability as compared to standard compounds. The molecular dynamics simulations of 100 ns were done, which shows that the mean RMSD value of 1.77 Å for all 3 complexes of the protein and Fluoroflavone and its analogs. This shows that Fluoroflavone and its 2 best analogs are tightly attached to the active sites and thus having conformational stability. Our finding suggests that 4-(6-fluoro-4-oxochromen-2-yl)benzoic acid and 4-(4-Oxochromen-2-yl)benzoate can be further used in vitro and in vivo experiments and can probably serve as a novel drug for cancer treatment.
Investigation on Characteristics of Liquid and Hydrochar Products from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Oily Scum at Different Temperatures
Authors: Deng Shuanghui , Yu Shilin , Tan Houzhang , Wang Xuebin , Lu Xuchao
Published: October 2021

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technology for upgrading organic substances with high moisture content. The characteristics of liquid and hydrochar products derived from oily scum at the different HTC temperatures were investigated in this study. The increase of HTC temperature resulted in a significant color shift of liquid from light yellow to strong yellow. The liquid uptake of hydrochar increased significantly with the increase of HTC temperature. SEM showed that there exhibited an irregular pit structure in hydrochars. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that high carbonization temperature of oily scum could improve the combustion characteristics of hydrochars. The comprehensive combustion properties were positively correlated with HTC temperature. The overall results of hydrochar combustion study showed that the activation energy of hydrochars decreased gradually with an increase in HTC temperature. This study provides a sustainable and promising treatment to reuse oily scum and suggests the possible fuel utilization of subsequent hydrochar product.
Base Isolation Compared To Capacity Design For Large Corner Periods And Pulse-Type Seismic Records
Authors: Köber Dietlinde , Semrau Paul , Weber Felix
Published: October 2021

Southern Romania experiences special soil conditions, leading to rather long corner periods and to an enlarged plateau of the response spectrum, with associated large displacement demands. Pulse-type ground acceleration records complete this unique seismic area. Research on the seismic behavior of structures built under these special conditions is limited and engineers are not comfortable with alternative solutions such as base isolation. This study investigates the seismic performance of a hospital building with the following two anti-seismic solutions: 1) stiffening, in line with the capacity design method and 2) base isolation. Base shear, structural drift and structural acceleration are compared for both approaches.
A Systematic Review of Interventions Aiming To Improve Newly-Qualified Doctors’ Psychological Wellbeing in The United Kingdom
Authors: Krishnan Aditya , Odejimi Opeyemi , Bertram Ian , Chukowry Priyamvada Sneha , Tadros George
Published: October 2021

BackgroundNewly-qualified doctors in the United Kingdom experience a great deal of stress and have poor wellbeing when compared to more senior counterparts. A number of interventions have been put in place to boost healthcare professionals’ wellbeing, but little is known about interventions aimed to improve the wellbeing of newly-qualified doctors in the United Kingdom. This study aims to systematically review current evidence of interventions which improved the wellbeing of newly-qualified junior doctors in the United Kingdom.MethodsFive key electronic databases were searched. Subsequently, reference scanning and citation search was performed. Studies were included if they were conducted from the commencement of the Foundation Programme in 2004, until 2019. In addition, studies had to be performed on junior doctors: working in the United Kingdom and within their first five years post-qualification and have a quantitative outcome. Studies which did not meet these criteria were excluded. ResultsSeven papers met the inclusion criteria and identified three main types of interventions: mentorship, mindfulness and clinical preparation interventions. The majority of included studies reported a positive result from the performed intervention, suggesting these to be beneficial in improving junior doctor wellbeing, and thereby reducing anxiety and stress levels. However, most of the studies used small sample sizes. Conclusions This review reveals that there is dearth of evidence on the effectiveness of intervention to improve the wellbeing of newly-qualified doctors in the United Kingdom. Most of the identified interventions focused on relieving stress and anxiety inherent within newly-qualified doctors’ training programmes. However, wellbeing interventions need to take into cognisance all the factors which impact on wellbeing, particularly job-related factors. We recommend that future researchers implement large-scale holistic interventions using appropriate research methods. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019127341
Transthoracic Approach vs Transhiatal-Abdominal Approach in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Siewert Type II Esophagogastric Junctional Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Huan , Zhu Xiaodong , Zhou Xinpeng , Mei Xinyu
Published: October 2021

Background The surgical approach for Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction still remains controversial. This study aims to compare the differences between transthoracic approach and transhiatal-abdominal approach.Methods Patients with Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction underwent surgery from January 2010 to July 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into transthoracic approach group and transhiatal-abdominal approach group. Postoperative complications, surgical characteristics and 5-year survival rates of the two groups were compared by Chi-square test and log-rank test respectively, and the extent of gastrectomy was analyzed in subgroups. Finally, Cox univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to predict the independent prognostic factors for long-term survival.Result A total of 255 patients with Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction were analyzed, 143 with transthoracic approach group, 112 with transhiatal-abdominal approach group and the 5-year survival rate was 37.8% and 40.2% respectively (P=0.575). The incidence of positive proximal margins (0.70% vs. 6.25%, P=0.023) and intraoperative bleeding volume (175.15 ± 110.44 vs. 206.57 ± 131.97 ml, P=0.046) in transthoracic approach group were lower. Transhiatal-abdominal approach group had fewer pulmonary infection (8.04% vs. 17.48%, P=0.028) and shorter hospitalization time (11.32 vs. 12.67 days, P=0.008). In subgroup analysis, the 5-year survival rate of patients treated with partial gastrectomy was better than that of patients treated with total gastrectomy (44.8% vs. 36.1%, P=0.038). Conclusion Our study shows no significant difference between the two groups with regard to long-term survival. The transthoracic approach had more advantages for proximal margin and mediastinal lymph node dissection, while the transabdominal approach had less trauma to patients. Partial gastrectomy may be sufficient for patients with locally advanced disease. T stage and N stage were independent risk factors for long-term survival.
Exploring Health-related Problems After Pediatric Congenital Heart Surgery: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Luo Wen-Yi , Ni Ping , Liu Xin-Yue , Chen Lin , Guan Yong-Mei , Zhang Hao , Zhang Ya-Qing
Published: October 2021

Background: It is essential to assess the quality of life after discharge of children who have had congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery. However, the factors affecting the early quality of life of children after the operation are complex. To identify health-related problems of patients after CHD surgery from October to December 2020 by interviewing their health care providers and encoding these using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth Vision (ICF-CY) to identify the elements affecting health, as well as to assist health care providers in evaluations and interventions during follow-up. Methods: Fourteen multi-center doctors, nurses, and rehabilitation specialists and 18 parents were interviewed, and the ICF-CY classification system was used for encoding and analysis. Results: Forty-nine unique ICF-CY codes were obtained, including 31 (63.27%) codes of body functions, 4 (8.16%) codes of body structure, 7 (14.29%) codes of activity and participation, and 7 (14.29%) codes of environmental factors. Conclusion: ICF-CY provides a comprehensive method to record the health problems of children after CHD surgery. Based on the findings of this study, we can further develop assessment tools for cardiac rehabilitation, encompassing the heart, immunity, respiration, digestion, metabolism and endocrine system, psychology, and family, and conduct comprehensive management via a multidisciplinary team.
Wheat Growth Monitoring And Yield Estimation Based On Remote Sensing Data Assimilation Into The SAFY Crop Growth Model
Authors: Li Changchun , Ma Chunyan , Liu Mingxing , Cui Yingqi , Chen Weinan , Wang Yilin
Published: October 2021

Accurate crop growth and yield estimate information can be obtained via appropriate metrics such as the leaf area index (LAI) and biomass. Such information is crucial for guiding agricultural production, ensuring food security, and maintaining sustainable agricultural development. Traditional methods of field measurement and monitoring typically show low efficiency and can only return limited untimely information. Alternatively, methods based on remote sensing technologies are fast, objective, and nondestructive. As well, crop growth models can dynamically reflect the biological processes of crop growth and development. Indeed, remote sensing data assimilation and crop growth modeling represent an important trend in crop growth monitoring and yield estimation. In this paper, we assimilate the leaf area index retrieved from Sentinel-2 remote sensing data in the crop growth model of the simple algorithm for yield estimation (SAFY). The SP-UCI optimization algorithm is used for fine-tuning several SAFY parameters, namely the emergence date (D0), the effective light energy utilization rate (ELUE), and the senescence temperature threshold (STT) which is indicative of biological aging. These three sensitive parameters are set in order to attain the global minimum of an error function between the SAFY model predicted values and the LAI inversion values. This assimilation of remote sensing data into the crop growth model facilitates the LAI, biomass, and yield estimation. The estimation results were validated using data collected in 2014 and 2015. For the 2014 data, the results showed coefficients of determination (R2) of the LAI, biomass and yield of 0.734, 0.831 and 0.487, respectively, with corresponding root-mean-squared error (RMSE) values of 0.716, 1.13 and 1.14, respectively. For the 2015 data, the estimated R2 values of the LAI, biomass, and yield were 0.700, 0.853, and 0.607, respectively, with respective RMSE values of 0.828, 1.217, and 1.389, respectively. The estimated values were found to be in good agreement with the measured ones. This shows high applicability of the proposed data assimilation scheme in crop monitoring and yield estimation. As well, this scheme provides a reference for the assimilation of remote sensing data into crop growth models for regional crop monitoring and yield estimation.
Assessment of geological factors responsible for gas entrapment in two nigerian coals and syngas extraction using locally fabricated gasification plant
Authors: Ehinola Olugbenga Ajayi , Egunjobi Kehinde Joseph , Oladosu Ibrahim Adedayo , Falode Olugbenga Adebanjo , Oluwajana Oladotun Afolabi
Published: October 2021

Of all the fossil fuel sources, Coal Bed Methane (CBM) is the least expensive for its energy content. This study aimed at assessing the geological factors that may be responsible for gas emplacement in Nigerian coal and syngas extraction using a locally fabricated gasification plant. Trace element, sulfur content, X-Ray diffraction, and Scan Electron Microscope analysis of coal samples from Ute and Okaba were carried out to determine geological factors such as depositional environment, mineralogy, and pore morphology that affects the emplacement of gas in coals and its extraction. The syngas was then extracted from Okaba and Ute coal using the fabricated gasification plant which consists of a reactor, water jacket to regulate body temperature, a blower to allow continuous inflow of air, cyclone filter to filter the syngas from the impurity, compressor, and a cylinder to collect and store the gas. The coal samples were heated to a temperature range of 500 -1000 0C. The value of the V/Ni ratio of the coals ranged from 0.35 to 3.75 ppm. Also, plots of V/Cr and Ni/Co ratios indicated predominantly oxic conditions during sediment accumulation. The low V/(V+Ni) ratio (0.26- 0.0.79 ppm) also confirmed that the coal samples were deposited under oxic conditions. By implication, the sulfur content in the Okaba and Ute coal with the range of 0.85 - 2.33% originated from parent plant material deposited in a lacustrine environment. The coal samples contain brittle minerals such as quartz and Kaolinitic clay that also allow the creation of natural fractures and could provide induced fractures under artificial fracturing force which is conducive to coal gas exploration. The pore and fracture diameters observed in coal samples from Okaba and Ute are classified as microfracture and macropores, respectively, implying that the coal can serve as a reservoir for coal bed methane (CBM) and that the linkage of the fractures and pores results in high permeability which in turn will allow the coal to easily release the gas it is storing when heated. The syngas extracted from Okaba and Ute coal consists of a mixture of N2, H2, CO2, and CH4 which can either be used upon purification for transport, chemicals production, heat, and power generation. It can be deduced that the coal samples from the study area (Okaba and Ute) are capable of storing gas which in turn can be extracted and used by gasification method which has a minimal environmental effect because the gasification plant reduces CO2 emission by 90% as compared with direct combustion of coal.
Ultra-High-Risk Group of Multiple Myeloma: A Real-World Study Based On Two Different Prognostic Evaluation Systems
Authors: Ye Jian-Nan , Ma Ke-Wa , Cao Yong-Qin , Sun Chao , Zhou Xin
Published: October 2021

Recently, two prognostic evaluation systems based on different angles, UK Myeloma Research Alliance proposed UK Myeloma Research Alliance Risk Profile(MRP) and chinese inflammatory prognostic scoring index(IPSI), have shown prognostic differences in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma(MM) patients without transplantation. However, there is no relevant research on whether there is a difference in the evaluation of the two systems. Here, we used these two systems to evaluate the prognosis of 160 patients with MM based on bortezomib without transplantation from January 2007 to June 2018. It was found that the evaluation of patients at medium and low risk was similar, but in the high-risk group of MRP, IPSI could be further stratified, and in the high-risk group of IPSI, MRP could also be further stratified. It is suggested that myeloma patients with high risk factors of MRP and IPSI are ultra high risk patients with poor prognosis.
Expression and Prognostic Analyses of the Significance of STEAP1and STEAP2 in Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Tianshu , Niu Xiaoxin , Li Yanqing , Xu Zekun , Chen Jie , Xu Geng
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. STEAP1 and STEAP2 are overexpressed in various cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of STEAP1 and STEAP2 in patients with lung cancer.Methods: The mRNA expression and protein expression of STEAP1 and STEAP2 and their prognostic characteristics were examined using Oncomine, GEPIA, and Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotters. The correlation analysis of STEAP1 and STEAP2 gene and protein levels was conducted using GeneMANIA and STRING. Immunohistochemical methods were used to compare the expression of STEAP2 in normal lung and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of STEAP1 and STEAP2 in three lung cancer cell lines and normal lung epithelial cell lines. Results: Analysis of the Oncomine database and GEPIA showed that STEAP1 was upregulated and STEAP2 was downregulated in lung cancer tissue, and both expressions were related to the clinical stage of lung cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that STEAP1 protein expression was significantly upregulated in lung cancer compared to that in adjacent tissues. The expression of STEAP1 was positively correlated with the migration and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells. Compared with paracancer tissues, the expression of STEAP2 protein in lung cancer was significantly downregulated and was correlated with the histological grade of squamous cell carcinoma, pathological classification of adenocarcinoma, tumor, lymph node, and metastasis clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis. The expression of STEAP2 was negatively correlated with the migration and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells. The KM curve showed that the downregulation of STEAP1 expression and upregulation of STEAP2 expression were related to a good lung cancer prognosis.Conclusion: STEAP1 and STEAP2 may be potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer, thus providing a basis for a new treatment strategy for lung cancer.
Forward Modeling and Identification of Shallow Gas in the Seabed
Authors: Xiaodi Yang , Ming-hao Chun , Xiao-qiao LUO , Zhi-guang YAO
Published: October 2021

The accumulation of shallow gas in the stratum will form high-gas bag and reduce the strength of soil, which will endanger the construction of marine engineering. So it is of great significance to find out the distribution of shallow gas in the work area. Shallow gas in soil will increase porosity and decrease formation sound velocity, which has absorption and attenuation effect on high frequency components of sound wave. Based on the drilling data around an oil platform in Bohai Bay, a formation model of shallow gas is established and the forward analysis is carried out, the result show that at the interface between the shallow gas and the formation, the phase of reflected wave reverses and the events at the lower part of the shallow gas is pulled down. The stratigraphic profile around the platform is investigated, and the amplitude, phase and frequency attributes of acoustic stratigraphic profile data are analyzed. The shallow gas reflection is identified by combining the features of weak amplitude clutter reflection, phase reversal, phase axis pull-down and high frequency missing, and the shallow gas reflection is columnar and the top to clay layer of the seafloor. The shallow gas is agglomerated and may come from the deep.
Predictive Model for the Pathological Complete Response of Axillary Lymph Nodes After Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Xinyue
Published: October 2021

Background: Accurately assessing the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for breast cancer may predict patient outcomes. Axillary pathological complete response (apCR) after NAT is considered to indicate survival benefit, allowing initially cN+ patients to avoid axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) by turning ALNs (axillary lymph node) negative. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest in accurately predicting apCR post-NAT. Here, we integrated the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer and positive ipsilateral ALNs who underwent NAT and surgery. Statistical methods were used to screen for predictors of apCR and design a model to predict apCR rate post-NAT, thereby guiding surgeons’ decision-making and improving patients’ quality of life.Methods: Female patients (n=157) with locally advanced breast cancer and positive ALNs, diagnosed by a pathologist and treated via NAT and surgery between January 2016 and June 2020 at our hospital, were enrolled. Patients received a complete and standardized neoadjuvant regimen. Their clinicopathological characteristics were retrospectively analyzed, the factors of apCR post-NAT analyzed by logistic regression, and a nomogram used to construct a predictive model for apCR post-NAT.Results: Sixty-two patients (39.5%) achieved apCR. Univariate analysis demonstrated that apCR was significantly associated with pathological grading, molecular typing, stroma-tumor ratio (STR), clinical N staging, and response to chemotherapy (all P <0.05). A multivariate binary logistic regression equation was established, and the variables were entered into the model via forward stepwise selection; results indicated that the possibility of apCR post-NAT was higher in these cases. A predictive model for apCR post-NAT—consisting of four independent predictors: pathological grading of the aspiration specimen, STR, clinical N staging, and response to chemotherapy—was constructed using statistically significant variables in the logistic regression equation. The model had good accuracy and showed good clinical utility when both ROC curves and internal validation were performed.Conclusion: The predictive model combined clinical and pathological features; the pathological grading of the aspiration specimen, STR, clinical N staging, and response to chemotherapy were found to be independent predictors of apCR post-NAT. The model had good applicability regarding apCR prediction post-NAT, contributing to the option of individualized de-escalation of axillary surgery.
Magnetic properties of Mn-Zn ferrites under DC bias conditions
Authors: Žlebič Čedo , Milutinov Miodrag , Nikolić Maria Vesna , Luković Miloljub Dragoljub
Published: October 2021

The influence of milling time and sintering temperature on the DC bias characteristics of Mn-Zn ferrite samples were analyzed in this work. Mn-Zn ferrite powder with the chemical composition of Mn 0.63 Zn 0.37 Fe 2 O 4 - 93 wt % and Fe 2 O 3 - 7 wt % was used. Powders was additionally milled in a planetary ball mill for 1h, 2h and 4h. Green toroid shaped samples made from each of the four powders were sintered for 2 hours at maximum temperatures of 1050 o C, 1100 o C, 1200 o C, and 1300 o C. Each sample were tested under the applied DC magnetic field in the range of 0 to 500 A/m. The best DC bias characteristics under the influence of the external H DC field, was shown by samples sintered at 1050 °C and 1200 °C. With regard of milling time, the best DC bias characteristics are obtained for the starting powder samples, (ie. 0h milling time) and for the samples that are milled for 2h.
Influence of Bacillus Licheniformis on The Strength, Durability and Micro-Structure of Concrete
Authors: Sankarapandian Krishnapriya , Babu D.L.Venkatesh , Arulraj G.Prince
Published: October 2021

The vulnerability of concrete to micro cracking reduces its strength and durability. The inclusion of bacteria in concrete would provide solution for this problem as the bacteria automatically heals the cracks in concrete without any human intervention. The primary objective of this research work is to study the influence of Bacillus licheniformis BSKNAU on the strength and durability of concrete with cement replaced by silica fume and metakaolin in three replacement levels. Experimental investigations were carried out to study the effect of Bacillus licheniformis BSKNAU on the strength properties of bacterial and control concrete specimens. Durability tests were also conducted on bacterial and control concrete specimens. The strength tests revealed that bacterial concrete specimens exhibited high strength properties and good durability performance. The presence of calcite precipitates in bacterial concrete specimens was examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope and were confirmed using X ray Diffraction and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis.
The Effect of an Educational Intervention Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on Self-Care Behavior and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pourmohammad Mojgan , Maheri Mina , Khalkhali Hamid Reza , Didarloo Alireza
Published: October 2021

Background: The diabetics' lack of awareness about self-care and false beliefs in this care are the reasons for their admission to hospitals. The present study aimed to "determine the impact of using education based on the theory of planned behavior on self-care and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes".Methods: The present quasi-experimental study examined 60 patients with type 2 diabetes who were randomly classified into intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, self-care education was held based on the theory of planned behavior. The data were collected using a three-part questionnaire consisting of demographic and clinical information, and questions about constructs of the theory of planned behavior, and the Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities by Robert at three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up.Results: The mean scores of constructs of the theory of planned behavior, as well as self-care behaviors after the educational intervention (immediately and after three months), increased significantly in the intervention group compared to before the intervention and the control group. Furthermore, the mean amount of glycosylated hemoglobin in the intervention group was significantly lower than before the intervention and the control group three months after the educational intervention.Conclusion: Education based on the theory of planned behavior was effective in improving the patients' self-care behavior and HbA1c index. Therefore, we suggest all medical centers use the theory of planned behavior as an effective educational model with easy and low-cost implementation power to improve diabetics' self-care behavior and health.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells mediate the activation of CD4+ T cells and aggravate Th1/Th2 imbalance via MHC II molecules during respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Kang Longdan , Wang Si , Wang Dalu , Wang Jia , Zheng Rui , Jiang Xiaofeng , Liu Beixing
Published: October 2021

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), as an important worldwide pediatric respiratory pathogen, can cause pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children. CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in RSV-induced airway inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism of CD4+ T cell activation during RSV infection is not fully understood.
Methods

The proliferation and activation of CD4+ T cells in the lungs of RSV infected BALB/c mice were measured by flow cytometry. RSV-induced airway inflammation was determined by HE staining and the inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were counted. The protein levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ in the supernatant of BALF were detected by ELISA. The mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ in the lung homogenates were analyzed by real-time PCR. The expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII), CD80 and CD86 on pulmonary ILC2s were measured by flow cytometry and real-time PCR.
Results

RSV infection may promote the differentiation and activation of CD4+ Th2 cells, resulting in imbalance of Th1/Th2 in the lung tissues. Depletion of CD4+ T cells can obviously reduce airway inflammation caused by RSV infection. Adoptive transfer of pulmonary ILC2s significantly enhanced the number of pulmonary CD4+ T cells and promoted their differentiation to Th2. In fact, RSV infection increased the expression of MHC II and B7 molecules on the surface of pulmonary ILC2s. In vitro co-culture experiments showed that ILC2s may act as a promoter to promote the expansion and differentiation of RSV-infected naïve CD4+ T cells. However, blocking the interaction between ILC2s and CD4+ T cells with anti-MHC II mAbs significantly reduced CD4+ T cell expansion and increased the Th1/Th2 ratio of CD4+ T cells.
Conclusions

Our data suggest that pulmonary ILC2s may function as antigen-presenting cells to induce the activation of CD4+ T cells through MHC II pathway during RSV infection.
New Parameter Proposed for Industrial Acceptance Measurements of Rolling Bearings
Authors: Adamczak Stanisław , Domagalski Ryszard , Wrzochal Mateusz , Piotrowicz Grzegorz , Wnuk Sylwester
Published: October 2021

The frictional moment, together with vibrations and durability, is one of the most important parameters determining the quality of bearings and their suitability for the intended applications. The frictional moment value allows for obtaining essential information about the bearing, both in terms of its structure, the quality of mating elements, cleanliness and the specific qualities of the lubricant used. Since bearings are commonly used in the automotive industry, machine industry and household appliances, the need to reduce friction in rolling bearings is critical to increase the bearing efficiency, reduce energy consumption and protect the environment. The article presents a new industrial device for testing the bearing frictional moment of rolling bearings at the stage of their production. The device is characterized by an innovative design that allows for testing a wide range of bearing dimensions, applying significant axial loads, additional measurement of the mounting width of the bearings, and most importantly, testing the cone bearings. This article presents the general assumptions and the mechanical design of the new device for measuring the frictional moment of rolling bearings, as well as the verification of the device indications based on a measurement procedure performed in industrial conditions.
Molecular Responses of Arabidopsis MET1 Cytosine Methyltransferase Mutants To Salinity
Authors: Yeşildirek Yağmur Vecide , Arıkan Burcu , Kara Neslihan Turgut
Published: October 2021

In this study, we investigated the morphological and molecular responses of Arabidopsis met1-7 and met1-3 null mutants under salinity stress. In this context, global DNA methylation changes of mutants exposed to salt stress were compared and expressions of DRM2, Pol IV and Pol V genes known to be involved in DNA methylation in plants were analyzed. We found that met1-7 and met1-3 mutants have a higher rate of hypomethylation than Col-0 under all conditions. According to the results of gene expression analysis, the increase in expression of DRM2, Pol IV and Pol V genes involved in CNN methylation in mutants than Col-0 plant suggests that hypomethylation is directly related to CG regions, but in met1 mutants, the lack of CG methylation is tried to be compensated by RdDM. In addition, we analyzed the expression of the TERT gene as a stress response indicator in order to examine the effect of salt stress on the telomerase enzyme in met1-7 and met1-3 mutants. Contrary to expected, we found that there was an increase in the expression of TERT gene in the salt stress applied plants. Within the scope of all the data, it is thought that in met1 mutants RdDM pathway is activated in order to deal with the lack of DNA methylation in CG islands. As a conclusion, it is believed that the morphological and molecular data obtained on the effects of NaCl application to met1 mutants will help us to understand the epigenetic basis of stress mechanisms.
Associated Lipidomics, Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota Changes in CDAA-induced NAFLD Mice After Polyene Phosphatidylcholine Treatment
Authors: Zhang Jiayuan , Zang Xiaoling , Lv Jinxiao , Zhang Yicong , Lv Zhihua , Yu Mingming
Published: October 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in most parts of the world. Currently, there is no drug approved for the treatment of NAFLD, and polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC) is an important drug for clinical doctors to treat patients with NAFLD. Through the analysis of liver index, histopathological inspection and blood routine, it was obvious that PPC could significantly improve Choline-Deficient L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet induced NAFLD mice in the present work. We performed lipidomics and metabolomics analysis of 54 samples using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to Thermo LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer to select differential metabolites associated with CDAA modeling and PPC treatment. A total of 19 differential metabolites including 5 polar metabolites and 14 lipids were obtained. We inferred that the protective therapeutic effect of PPC on liver was related to the supplement of phosphatidylcholine，lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin(PC, LPC, SM) and acylcarnitine metabolism. In addition, we analyzed the gut microbiota of mice before and after modeling and treatment, significant differences in the abundance of lactobacillus associated with NAFLD were found. This study provides more reference and data for exploring the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the therapeutic mechanism of PPC, and a methodological reference for the study of the mechanism.
Non-monotonic association between chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acids exposure and the risk of overweight/obesity status in adults
Authors: Chu Chu , Fang Qiu-Ling , Cui Xin-Xin , Qian Zhengmin(Min) , McMillin Stephen Edward , Howard Steven W. , Dong Peng-Xin , Ou Yan-Qiu , Li Qing-Qing , Wu Lu-Yin , Liang Li-Xia , Qin Shuang-Jian , Zeng Xiao-Wen , Hu Li-Wen , Xiang Ming-Deng , Dong Guang-Hui
Published: October 2021

Background

Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESA 6:2 and 8:2), used as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternatives, affect lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro studies. The association between Cl-PFESAs exposure and the prevalence of overweight /obesity in human is unknown.
Objectives

We investigated associations of serum 6:2 Cl-PFESA and 8:2 Cl-PFESA with overweight/obesity status in adults.
Methods

We quantified four perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including 6:2 Cl-PFESA, 8:2 Cl-PFESA, PFOS, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in 1275 Chinese adults from the Isomers of C8 Health Project in China study. Participants were categorized into normal weight group [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2] and overweight/obesity group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).
Results

Adjusted for potential confounders, BMI in the second quartile of each ln-ng/mL greater concentration of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and 8:2 Cl-PFESA were 0.45 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08, 0.82], and 0.39 (95% CI:0.03, 0.76) significantly higher than the lowest quartile, respectively. Cl-PFESAs displayed inverted U-shaped associations with the risk of overweight/obesity, and the inflection point of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and 8:2 Cl-PFESA were 1.80 ng/mL, 0.01 ng/mL, respectively. PFOS was associated with waist circumference (WC) but not BMI in each quartile. For PFOA, the associations with outcomes were linearly positive (P for trend < 0.05).
Conclusions

This study reports the first observations on non-monotonic associations between serum 6:2 Cl-PFESA and 8:2 Cl-PFESA concentrations and the prevalence of overweight/obesity in adults. More epidemiological investigations are required to confirm the observed associations.
A case study of impacts of wetland area on flood index characteristics and channel morphology in southern Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Assani Ali A.
Published: October 2021

Two characteristics (magnitude and duration-frequency) of two indices of high (Qmax, annual flooding) and low intensities (Q90) floods and the morphology (bankfull width and sinuosity) of channels were compared for the Matawin (1,390 km²) and Petite Nation (1,330 km²) rivers on the Canadian Shield, which are differentiated mainly by wetland and forest areas. Wetlands cover 9% and 15% respectively in the Matawin and Petite Nation watersheds. This comparison revealed that the magnitude of high floods (Qmax) in the Matawin River was on average about twice the magnitude of high floods in the Petite Nation River from 1945–2019. No significant difference was observed in the magnitude of low floods (Q90) between the two rivers. As for the duration-frequency of heavy floods (Qmax), it was, on average, about three times higher in the Petite Nation River watershed than in the Matawin River watershed. The opposite is true for low floods (Q90). Morphologically, this difference in the magnitude and duration-frequency of heavy floods is seen in the bankfull width and sinuosity between the channels of the two rivers. The Matawin River channel is narrower and more sinuous than the Petite Nation River channel. This study is the first to demonstrate the impact of wetlands on channel morphology for Canadian Shield rivers in southern Quebec.
Ethanopharmacological Approach to Control the Replication of 2019-nCov in Host- An Insilico Study.
Authors: Marudhadurai Thenmozhi , Mohan Suma , Kumar M.Sathish , Kumaravel S.T.
Published: October 2021

2019- nCoV viral disease threatening every individual throughout the world. It is a highly challenging task to control the spread everywhere. There are certain antiviral drugs, steroids that are currently being prescribed to infected patients for faster recovery. But there is no proper cure today for this pandemic. In this present study, we have focused on controlling the replication and other possibilities of interaction of the 2019-nCoV virus inside the host cells. There are various herbs prescribed to us to improve our immunity and prepare our bodies to fight against this pathogen. In this study, herb compounds that are selected are Andrographolide (AP1), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide(AP3), Ascorbic acid, Cinnamaldehyde, Curcumin, Diallyl sulfide, Eugenol. Gingerol, Kaempferol, Deacetylnimbin, Piperine, Quercetin, thymol, thymoquinone, Vasicine based on the literature survey. Selected ligands are most of them to treat respiratory tract infections and are also related to improving humoral immunity. Selected Ligand was allowed to dock against viral proteins which Crystal Structure of the SARS COV-2 Papain-like protease (Figure 1a) (PDB ID: 6wx4), RNA dependent RNA polymerase (Figure 1b) (PDB ID: 7c2k), Crystal structure of SARS COV-2 ORF7A encoded accessory protein (Figure 1c) (PDB ID: 6w37) Crystal structure of SARS COV-2 ADP-Ribose phosphatase NSP3 Proteins (PDB ID: 6w6y), PDB ID 6zsl Crystal structure of SARS COV-2 helicase NSP13 (PDB ID: 6ZSL), Crystal structure of NSP10-NSP16 Complex (PDB ID: 7bq7), PDB ID 6xdc Crystal structure of SARS COV-2 ORF3a Protein (PDB ID: 6xdc) to study their efficacy to control the replication and possible interactions in the human system using computational docking study. A Protein-Protein interaction study was also performed to study the efficacy of papain enzyme inhibitory efficacy of selected target proteins. Molecular dynamics studies were also performed to ensure the ligand efficacy for the selected target proteins.
Changes of Adjacent Segment Biomechanics After Anterior Cervical Interbody Fusion With Different Profile Design Plate: Single- Versus Double-Level
Authors: Li Xin-Feng , Jin Lin-Yu , Yin Hong-Ling , Song Xiao-Xing
Published: October 2021

Background: Low-profile angle-stable spacer Zero-P is claimed to reduce the morbidity associated with traditional plate and cage construct (PCC). Both Zero-P and PCC could achieve comparable mid- and long-term clinical and radiological outcomes in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). It is not clear whether Zero-P can reduce the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), especially in multi-segmental fusion. This study aimed to test the effect of fusion level with Zero-P versus with PCC on adjacent-segment biomechanics in ACDF. Methods:  A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of an intact C2–T1 segment was built and validated. Six single- or double-level instrumented conditions were modeled from this intact FE model using Zero-P or the standard PCC. The biomechanical responses of adjacent segments at the cephalad and caudal levels of the operation level were assessed in terms of range of motion (ROM), stresses in the endplate and disc, loads in the facets. Results: When comparing the increase of adjacent-segment motion in single-level PCC fusion versus Zero-P fusion, a significantly larger increase was found in double-level fusion condition. The fold changes of PCC vs. Zero-P of intradiscal and endplate stress, and facet load at adjacent levels in the double-level fusion spine were significantly larger than that in the single-level fusion spine during the sagittal, the transverse, and the frontal plane motion. The increased value of biomechanical features was greater at above segment than that at below. The fold changes of PCC vs. Zero-P at adjacent segment were most notable in flexion and extension movement.Conclusions: Low-profile device could decrease adjacent segment biomechanical burden compared to traditional PCC in ACDF, especially in double-level surgery. Zero-P could be a good alternative for traditional PCC in ACDF. Further clinical/in vivo studies will be necessary to explore the approaches selected for this study is warranted.
Identifying Key Genes and Functionally Enriched Pathways in Th2-high Asthma by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis
Authors: CAO Yao , WU Yi , LIN Li , YANG Lin , PENG Xin , CHEN Lina
Published: October 2021

Background: Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by reversible inflammation of the airways. The imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells plays a significant role in the mechanisms of asthma. The aim of this study was to identify asthma-related key genes and functionally enriched pathways in a Th2-high group by using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Methods: The gene expression profiles of GSE4302, which included 42 asthma patients and 28 controls, were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). A gene network was constructed, and genes were classified into different modules using WGCNA. Gene ontology (GO) was performed to further explore the potential function of the genes in the most related module. In addition, the expression profile and diagnostic capacity (ROC curve) of hub genes of interest were verified by dataset GSE67472. Results: In dataset GSE4302, subjects with asthma were divided into Th2-high and Th2-low groups according to the expression of the SERPINB2, POSTN and CLCA1 genes. A weighted gene coexpression network was constructed, and genes were classified into 7 modules. Among them, the red module was most closely associated with Th2-high asthma, which contained 60 genes. These genes were significantly enriched in different biological processes and molecular functions. A total of 8 hub genes (TPSB2, CPA3, ITLN1, CST1, SERPINB10, CEACAM5, CHD26 and P2RY14) were identified, and the expression levels of these genes (except TPSB2) were confirmed in dataset GSE67472. ROC curve analysis validated that the expression of these 8 genes exhibited excellent diagnostic efficiency for Th2-high asthma and Th2-low asthma. Conclusions: The study provides a novel perspective on Th2-high asthma by WGCNA, and the hub genes and potential pathways involved may be beneficial for the diagnosis and management of Th2-high asthma. Keywords: Asthma, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), hub gene, gene ontology
Facile Synthesis of Hierarchically Structured MIL-53(Al) With Superior Properties Using An Environmentally-Friendly Ultrasonic Method For Separating Lead Ions From Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Ahadi Niusha , Askari Sima , Fouladitajar Amir , Akbari Iman
Published: October 2021

The present study aims to investigate novel ultrasonic synthesized MIL-53(Al) and its applications in adsorption. Both conventional and ultrasonic methods were used to synthesized Mil-53(Al). The ultrasonic-assisted synthesis procedure results in reducing synthesis time to 24 hours; however, Compared to that conventional method takes 3 days to create the framework. Applying ultrasonic waves also increases surface area to 50% more than the ones synthesized by the conventional method, as well as creating the hierarchical MIL-53(Al) structure (meso- and micro-) pores. To this end, XRD, FESEM, BET, and FTIR analyses were employed to identify and characterize MIL-53(Al). The unique structure and high MIL-53(Al) yield lead to effective adsorption among MOF and lead ions. The optimum conditions for removing lead were 6.0 pH, 20 mg/l concentration, 60.0 min contact time, 0.04g adsorbent dose, and 318k temperature with 97.63% removal of the lead ions. The experimental adsorption equilibrium and kinetic data fitted the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. Moreover, the use of ultrasonic synthesized MIL-53(Al), for the first time as a novel adsorbent in heavy metal removal, pointed to the great potential of this new environmentally-friendly adsorbent in removing lead ions from aqueous solutions.