bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of residue management on arthropods populations under conservation agriculture
Authors:   Walter Sisulu University, Kadango TL , Assefa Y , Mnkeni PNS ,   University of Arusha, Niba AS ,   Walter Sisulu University
Published: April 2023

Maize (Zea mays L.) production in South Africa by smallholder farmers is primarily hampered by several factors, including institutional constraints, soil degradation, low input production, and insect pest attacks. Conservation agriculture (CA) is perceived as an approach that can help arrest or reverse the processes of soil degradation, improve soil fertility, pest management, and promote water conservation. However, results on the role of CA in pest management are contradictory. They show spatial and temporal variations due to the agroecosystem’s complex interactions among biotic and abiotic components. This study employed the approach of the component omission to investigate the probable effects of crop residue management on insect pest populations in a maize-based cropping system. Field experiments were carried out at ongoing CA trials at the University of Fort Hare farm (UFH) (32o 47′ S and 27o 50′ E) and Pandulwazi High School (32o 39′ S and 26o 55′ E). The trial was set up in a split-split plot design with 16 treatments and 3 replicates. Main plots were allocated to two tillage levels, which were split into four different crop rotation levels as sub-plot treatments. The sub-sub plots were allocated to two residue management levels. For conventional tillage study, two levels of crop rotation and residue management were considered as the different CA adoption levels by smallholder farmers. The results revealed that crop rotation and residue management influence arthropod abundances, diversity, richness, and evenness, which can be used to predict or monitor pest outbreaks. However, the synergistic influence of environmental/climatic regimes cannot be separated from the individual agronomic practices. Furthermore, pest indices cannot be independently used to predict insect pest infestation and possible outbreaks; instead, they are dependent. Hence, they are site and time specific. Key words: Conservation agriculture, pest management, residue management, smallholder farmers
İngiliz İdaresi Döneminde Kıbrıs Türklerinin Toplumsal Meselelerinin Çözümünde Dr. Fazıl Küçük’ün Rolü
Authors: ÇAKICI Derya
Published: April 2023

Akdeniz’in üçüncü büyük adası olan Kıbrıs, jeopolitik ve jeostratejik öneminden dolayı tarih boyunca birçok devletin ilgi alanı olmuştur. 1878 yılında adanın yönetimini geçici olarak ele geçiren ve kendi idari düzenini kuran İngiltere, 1914 yılında adayı tek taraflı olarak ilhak etmiştir. İngiltere’nin bu ilhakı 24 Temmuz 1923 tarihinde imzalanan Lozan Barış Antlaşması ile Türkiye tarafından tanınmıştır. 1923 yılı itibariyle bir İngiliz sömürgesi haline getirilen Kıbrıs adasında, Türkler ve Rumlar olmak üzere iki ana toplumsal unsur mevcuttu. İngiliz Hükümeti bir tehdit unsuru olarak gördüğü Kıbrıs Türklerini sindirmek için bir takım uygulamalarda bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda Kıbrıs Türklerinin en önemli dini kurumu olan Müftülük Kurumu 1929 yılında kaldırılmış ve Kıbrıs Türkleri dini bir liderden yoksun bırakılmıştır. 1878 yılında Türk vakıflarına müdahalede bulunan İngiliz idaresi, 1928 yılından itibaren de vakıfların idaresini tamamen ele geçirmişti. Eğitimde tam merkeziyetçi bir yapıya ulaşmak isteyen İngiliz Hükümeti, çıkardığı Maarif Kanunlarıyla, hem Rumların hem de Türklerin eğitim üzerindeki etkilerini ortadan kaldırmaya çalışmıştır. Bu doğrultuda okul müfredatlarının belirlenmesi, okutulacak olan kitaplar, öğretmenlerin ataması gibi her türlü eğitim-öğretim işlemi doğrudan İngiliz yönetimi tarafından yapılmaya başlanmıştı. Kıbrıs Türklerinin diğer önemli bir sorunu da Şeri hukuka dayalı Şeriye Mahkemeleri’nin, çağın gerisinde kalmış olması ve İngiliz idaresinin Türk Medeni Kanunu’nun uygulanmasına müsaade etmemesiydi. Dr. Fazıl Küçük ve çalışma arkadaşlarının yoğun çabaları neticesinde 1951 yılında uzun yıllardır boş kalan müftülük makamı tekrar doldurulmuş, vakıfların yönetimi Kıbrıs Türk toplumuna verilmiş, orta dereceli okullara Türkiye’den müdür ve öğretmenlerin getirilmesi ve yeni okulların açılması sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca Şeriye Mahkemeleri de kaldırılarak, Türkiye’de uygulanan “Türk Medeni Kanunu” uygulanmaya başlanmış ve yeni bir Aile Kanunu çıkarılarak Aile Mahkemeleri kurulmuştur. Bu çalışmada Kıbrıs Türklerinin toplumsal meselelerine yönelik temel problemleri ve bu problemlerin çözüm aşamasında Dr. Fazıl Küçük’ün mücadelesi üzerinde durulmuştur.
Prevention of bladder damage during repeated caesarean sections
Authors: Omarov Nabi S.-M. , Dabuzov Abakar S.
Published: April 2023

Repeated cesarean section operations are becoming a daily practice in obstetric institutions of the 2nd and 3rd groups. With each subsequent operation, due to adhesions or infectious complications (obstetric peritonitis), the risks of injuries to organs adjacent to the uterus increase. Objective: development of a method for preventing to the bladder injury during repeated cesarean section operations. Materials and methods: Prospective cohort studies were performed in 320 patients with the scar after Caesarean Section who underwent a repeated cesarean section: 186 patients were operated in plan and 134 in urgent situation. All patients had given the hydropreparation of paravesical tissue by 0.5 % solution of novocaine 20 ml, which was injected under the vesicouterine fold from the side of the round ligaments for the prevention injury of bladder. Statistical processing was carried out using the Statistica 13 package. Results and discussion: With partial mobilization of the posterior wall, bladder injury in group 1 was in 2 patients, in group 2 in 4 patients (2 = 1.544, p = 0.215). The injury of the bladder walls in group 2 occurred in patients operated on for obstetric peritonitis and was caused by pronounced infiltration of paravisical tissue and inflammatory changes in the lower segment of the uterus. Conclusions: The developed method by hydropreparation the paravesical tissue allows minimizing the number of bladder injuries with a pronounced adhesive process in the lower segment of the uterus or tissue infiltration with purulent-inflammatory complications.
Psychophysiological correlates of operators’ predisposition to the development of critical fatigue level
Authors: Naumenko Anton E. , Kluchek Anzhelika E. , Kostyuchenko Maria S.
Published: April 2023

Factors such as emotional stress, extreme work conditions, neuropsychiatric stress, the need to maintain an increased level of attention for a long time can lead to violations, maladaptation and the development of operator fatigue. In the course of the study, we revealed statistically significant differences in attentional-mnestic performance indicators in groups of operators with the absence or presence of a critical level of fatigue. It is established that the use of a complex of psychophysiological tests "Jaguar" in parallel with the study of sensorimotor tracking operations by the program "Smile" is informative for differentiating groups of operators with the absence or presence of a critical level of fatigue.
Nanodiamond derived N-doped sp3@sp2 hybrid carbocatalysts for the aerobic oxidative synthesis of 2-substituted benzoxazoles
Authors: Gu Qingqing , Huang Rui , Xu Chi , Li Shiyan , Perathoner Siglinda , Centi Gabriele , Liu Yuefeng
Published: April 2023

Carbocatalysts, as a member of metal-free catalysts, have shown promising potentials in many catalytic transformations in the past few decades. Nitrogen doping has been identified as an effective way to tailor the properties of carbocatalysts and render their potential use for various applications. It is also important to fabricate unique surface compositions or properties for the N species to enhance their intrinsic catalytic activities. Hybrid sp3@sp2 nanocarbons, from this perspective, could enhance catalytic activity by tuning the electronic structure of the active sites. Herein, N-doped sp3@sp2 hybrids were prepared from nanodiamonds (NDs) and (NH4)2CO3 as starting N precursor to dope the NDs and tune their sp3/sp2. The N-doped sp3@sp2 hybrid nanocarbons were studied in the oxidative catalytic synthesis of a broad series of drug-related compounds (23 examples of 2-substituted benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles and benzimidazoles). These catalysts show high catalytic activity and reusability in mild conditions. Their performances are comparable to homogeneous/heterogeneous metal-based catalysts. The pyridinic N species determine the enhancement in the catalytic performance. The mechanistic results indicate that the N-doped sp3@sp2 hybrid activates oxygen molecules to form O2•- as reactive oxygen species, which abstracts the proton attached on the catalyst's surface. This study provides an attractive and useful methodology for applying ND-derived carbocatalysts to synthesise 2-substituted benzoxazoles and more complex drug targets.
ANOTAÇÕES SOBRE SECULARISMO E PÓS-SECULARISMO EM HABERMAS
Authors: Araujo Luiz Bernardo Leite
Published: April 2023

O artigo apresenta o interesse crescente de Habermas pelo tema da religião a partir das noções de secularismo e pós-secularismo. Retomando aspectos fundamentais da teoria habermasiana da religião, destaca-se que a passagem do secularismo ao pós-secularismo descortinou novos eixos temáticos de seu pensamento, não sendo o paradigma pós-secular um contraponto ao horizonte pós-metafísico e secular da modernidade, mas à sua autocompreensão secularista.

Palavras-chave: Habermas. Secularismo. Pós-secularismo.
LIBERDADE E RELIGIÃO: UMA REFLEXÃO A PARTIR DA FILOSOFIA DE JÜRGEN HABERMAS
Authors: Oliveira Cláudia Maria Rocha de , Sureki Luiz Carlos
Published: April 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é, ao fazer memória dos cem anos da Escola de Frankfurt e assumindo como interlocutor Jürgen Habermas, discutir dois temas importantes para nosso contexto: as questões da liberdade e da religião. Em primeiro lugar, trata-se de verificar o que significa dizer ser livre em sentido próprio. Veremos que para Habermas apenas a autonomia da vontade torna possível afirmar a liberdade em sentido próprio. Em seguida, considerando o papel da religião da esfera pública, trata-se de perguntar em que medida ela pode contribuir, ou não, para a formação da vontade autônoma dos cidadãos no Estado de Direito Democrático. Isso significa questionar em que medida a religião estaria apta a contribuir para o processo de integração das sociedades atuais caracterizadas pelo pluralismo e pela coexistência de crentes, não-crentes e crentes de denominações religiosas distintas que possuem o mesmo direito ao reconhecimento e à participação no espaço público.

Palavras-chave: Autonomia. Pluralismo. Pretensão à Verdade. Integração Social.
A ESCOLA DE FRANKFURT E A METAFÍSICA
Authors: Oliveira Manfredo Araújo de
Published: April 2023

A Metafísica encontrou, em Aristóteles, sua primeira tentativa de articulação. Ele procura determinar a natureza deste saber: ele tematiza os princípios que são válidos para o conhecimento de qualquer entidade. Na “ciência primeira” não se pesquisa uma região determinada do real, mas o real enquanto tal e em seu todo. Já desde seu primeiro momento, a Teoria Crítica de Frankfurt se vai articular contrapondo-se tanto à metafísica quanto à concepção positivista de ciência. Consideramos, neste ensaio, a contraposição à metafísica tomando como representante da fase inicial M. Horkheimer e, na fase atual, J. Habermas, que tematizaram explicitamente esta contraposição. Habermas, partindo da reviravolta pragmática, articula um modelo pós-metafísico de filosofia que termina por introduzir uma metafísica pensada na forma do fisicalismo contemporâneo.

Palavras-chave: Metafísica. Totalidade. Teoria Crítica. Pensamento Pós-metafísico.
DISTINÇÕES NA TEORIA CRÍTICA: MARCUSE E A ESCOLA DE FRANKFURT
Authors: Kangussu Imaculada
Published: April 2023

Neste texto, vamos apresentar a passagem de Herbert Marcuse pela Escola de Frankfurt, cuja fundação completa neste ano seu primeiro centenário. Apresentaremos primeiramente o entrelaçamento da vida de Marcuse com a história do Instituto de Pesquisa Social na Universidade de Frankfurt, em seguida comentaremos a produção de Marcuse como membro do Instituto e depois sua obra quando já formalmente desligado da instituição, mas ainda fiel aos princípios norteadores da Teoria Crítica.Palavras-chave: Dimensão estética. Teoria das pulsões. Eros. Emancipação. Liberdade.
Healing Effect of Warfarin in the Course of Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Konarska-Bajda Katarzyna , Ceranowicz Piotr , Cieszkowski Jakub , Ginter Grzegorz , Chmura Anna , Stempniewicz Agnieszka , Gałązka Krystyna , Kuśnierz-Cabala Beata , Dumnicka Paulina , Bonior Joanna , Warzecha Zygmunt
Published: April 2023

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most common gastrointestinal disease leading to hospitalizations. The development of AP leads to damage of the pancreatic microcirculation with a cascade of subsequent events resulting, among others, in coagulopathy. Previous research showed that anticoagulants can be an important therapeutic agent. Heparin and acenocoumarol can alleviate the course of AP, as well as accelerate healing and post-inflammatory regeneration of the pancreas. The aim of this study was to check whether warfarin, a drug with more stable effects than acenocoumarol, affects the healing and regeneration of the pancreas in the cerulein-induced AP. AP was evoked in Wistar male rats by intraperitoneal administration of cerulein. The first dose of warfarin (45, 90 or 180 µg/kg/dose) was administered 24 hours after the first dose of cerulein and the doses of warfarin were repeated once a day in subsequent 10 days. The severity of acute pancreatitis was assessed immediately after the last dose of cerulein, as well as 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 days after AP induction. Treatment with warfarin dose-dependently increased interna-tional normalized ratio (INR) and attenuated the severity of pancreatitis in histological ex-amination and accelerated pancreatic recovery. Those effects were accompanied with a faster reduction in the pancreatitis-evoked increase in serum activity of amylase and lipase, serum concentration of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β, and plasma level of D-Dimer. In addition, treatment with warfarin decreased pancreatic weight and improved pancreatic blood flow in rats with AP. The therapeutic effect was particularly pronounced after the administration of warfarin at a dose of 90 µg/kg/dose. Conclusion: Administration of warfarin accelerates re-generation of the pancreas and recovery in the course of cerulein-induced mild-edematous acute pancreatitis.
Ammonium/Nitrate Ratio Affects the Growth and Shikonin Accumulation in Arnebia euchroma
Authors: Shi Linyuan , Liang Jiuwen , Wang Ruishan , Wan Xiufu , Yan Binbin , Zhang Yan , Chen Meilan , Liu Changzheng , Li Qi , Wang Sheng , Guo Lanping
Published: April 2023

Nitrogen (N) strongly affects plant growth and metabolism. For shikonin biosynthesis, although the ammonium toxicity phenomenon has been reported, the effects of nitrogen on the shikonin synthesis remains obscure. In this study, we carried out four different concentrations of NH4+ treatments on Arnebia euchroma hairy roots (AEHR) to clarify the influence of NH4+ on the growth and shikonin accumulation in A. euchroma and the possible mechanism. The results showed that compared with the 0% NH4+ treatment (only nitrate as nitrogen source), 10% NH4+ treatment increased the fresh weight and the dry weight of AEHR, and promoted the synthesis of shikonins; 20% NH4+ treatment started to show the inhibition effects on growth and shikonin accumulation of AEHR and 30% NH4+ treatment exhibited the strongest inhibition effects. With increased percentage of NH4+, AEHRs became shorter and thicker with more branches. To further elucidate the mechanism, we analyzed the time-course of nitrogen assimilation, gene expression level of key enzymes involved in the shikonin biosynthesis pathway, and contents of various endogenous hormones under NH4+ toxicity condition. Results indicated that auxin and cytokinin might regulate the growth and architecture of AEHR under NH4+ toxicity, and jasmonate level was reduced along with the inhibition of shikonin biosynthesis. This first comprehensive investigation into the effects of ammonium/nitrate ratio on shikonin biosynthesis not only provided valuable data for optimizing the in vitro culture and shikonin production in A. euchroma, but also suggested potential fertilizer strategies for its cultivation.
Experimental Design and Validation of an Adjustable Guide Grass Structure for a Grain Combine Harvester Thresher Based on a Material Movement Model
Authors: Wu Luofa , Chen Daogen , Xu Xieqing , Wu Yanqi
Published: April 2023

Threshing device is the core component of grain combine harvester, and its working performance determines the working quality and production efficiency of the harvester to a great extent. The straw guide plate plays an important role in the threshing device to dredge the threshing matter and control the threshing time of the combine harvester matter in the threshing chamber. In the past, the guiding structure of threshing device could not optimize the working performance of the machine by adjusting the spiral angle, that is, most cereal combine harvester may not be fed smoothly or even clogged when operating under different crop types, yield differences and operating environments, a kind of threshing device with adjustable guide straw board was studied. In this study, the movement model of the straw on the straw guide plate was analyzed, and it was found that the spiral angle “α”of the straw guide was 0<α<58°.Three-factor and three-level response surface method was used to carry out field experiment on drum speed, working speed and guide grass plate spiral angle, and the experimental data were analyzed by quadratic polynomial regression.The results show that the drum speed, working speed and the spiral angle of the guide grass plate have significant effects on the loss rate (PLR) , impurity content (PIR) and breakage rate (PBR) , the drum speed and working speed have an interactive effect on the impurity ratio (PIR) , and the working speed and the helical angle of the guide grass plate have an interactive effect on the loss ratio (PLR) and breakage ratio (PBR) , there is an interaction between the rotary speed of the roller and the helical angle of the guide grass plate on the crushing rate (PBR) .Further optimization analysis showed that the predicted value was PLR = 1.18% , PIR = 0.72% , PBR = 0.53% , the experimental verification value was PLR = 1.26% , PIR = 0.73% , PBR = 0.61% . The absolute error between the experimental value and the predicted value was very small, however, the optimized field test verified value decreased by 8.31% , 50.04% and 60.30% respectively, which indicated that the optimized harvester had better operation quality, in particular, PIR, PBR and other two indicators have a greater increase in the effect.
(E)-2-Benzylidenecyclanones: Part XVIII.[1] Study the Possible Link Between Glutathione Reactivity and Cancer Cell Cytotoxic Effects of Some Cyclic Chalcone Analogs. A Comparison of the Reactivity of the Open-Chain and the Seven-Membered Homologs
Authors: Perjési Pál , Kenari Fatemeh , Molnár Szilárd , Borges Igor D , Napolitano Hamilton B
Published: April 2023

Non-enzymatic thiol addition into α,ß-unsaturated carbonyl system is associated with several biological effects. In vivo, the reactions can form small-molecule thiol (e.g., glutathione) or protein thiol adducts. The reaction of two synthetic (4’-methyl- and 4’-methoxy substituted) cyclic chalcone analogs with glutathione and N-acetylcysteine was studied by HPLC-UV method. The selected compounds displayed in vitro cancer cell cytotoxicity (IC50) of different orders of magnitude. The structure of the formed adducts was confirmed by HPLC-MS. The incubations were performed under three different pH conditions (pH 3.5/3.8, 6.3/6.7, and 8.0/7.4). The chalcones intrinsically reacted with both thiols under all incubation conditions. The initial rates and compositions of the final mixtures depended on the substitution and the pH. The frontier molecular orbitals and the Fukui function were carried out to investigate the effects on open-chain and seven-membered cyclic analogs. Furthermore, machine learning protocols were used to provide more insights into physicochemical properties and to support the different thiol-reactivity. HPLC analysis indicated diastereoselectivity of the reactions. The observed reactivities do not directly relate to the different in vitro cancer cell cytotoxicity of the compounds.
Reproduction of Sheep through Nuclear Transfer of Somatic Cells: A Bibliometric Approach
Authors: Vazquez Avendaño José Roberto , Cortez Romero César , Bravo Vinaja Ángel , Ambríz García Demetrio Alonso , Trejo Córdova Alfredo , Navarro Maldonado María del Carmen
Published: April 2023

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a reproductive biotechnology with great potential in the reproduction of different species of zootechnical interest, including sheep. This study aimed to carry out a bibliometric analysis of scientific papers published on the application of SCNT in sheep reproduction in the period 1997-2023. The search involved the Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index databases of the Main Collection of Web of Sciences with different descriptors. A total of 124 scientific papers were analyzed for different bibliometric indicators using VOSviewer software. Since 2001, the number of SCNT-related documents published concerning sheep reproduction increased and has fluctuated in ensuing years. The main authors, research groups, institutions, countries, documents and journals with the highest number of publications related to SCNT in sheep reproduction were identified, as well as the topics that address the research papers according to the terms: somatic cell, embryo, oocyte, gene expression, SCNT, and sheep.
Viral Vectors Engineered for Gene Therapy
Authors: Lundstrom Kenneth
Published: April 2023

Gene therapy has seen major progress in recent years. Viral vectors have made a significant contribution through efficient engineering for improved delivery and safety. A large variety of indications such as cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, hematological, neurological, muscular, ophthalmological, infectious diseases, and immunodeficiency have been targeted. Viral vectors based on adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, herpes simplex viruses, retroviruses including lentiviruses, alphaviruses, flaviviruses, measles viruses, rhabdoviruses, Newcastle disease virus, poxviruses, picornaviruses, reoviruses, and polyomaviruses have been used. Proof-of-concept has been demonstrated for different indications in animal models. Therapeutic efficacy has also been achieved in clinical trials. Several viral vector-based drugs have been approved for the treatment of cancer, and hematological, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Moreover, viral vector-based vaccines have been approved against COVID-19 and Ebola virus disease.
Adjusting to Increased Temperature and Salinity Associated With Climate Change: Phenotypic Response and Genetic Variation for Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Alfalfa
Authors: Brunet Johanne , Hoesley Alayna
Published: April 2023

Seed germination and seedling growth represent two vulnerable stages in a plant life cycle and it is important to determine how they will be affected by environmental changes associated with climate change. This study examines the impact of salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) at each of three temperatures (15, 25, and 35˚C) on seed germination and radicle growth for three dormant and three non-dormant varieties of conventional, glyphosate resistant, or reduced lignin alfalfa. The genetic basis and phenotypic plasticity for seed germination and seedling growth in response to salinity and temperature were determined. Both traits were phenotypically plastic with respect to temperature and salinity. Seed germination was 87.0% ± 1.7 at 25˚C, 0mM (no salinity), but decreased to 33.9% ± 3.9 germination at 35˚C and 150mM. Radicle length went from 36.7 ± 1.5 mm after four days at 25˚C, 0mM, to 10.5 ± 0.7 mm at 35˚C, 150mM. The phenotypic response brought seed germination and radicle length away from their optimum, but we detected standing genetic variation for both seed germination and radicle length. Selection to increase both traits at high temperature and salinity would facilitate alfalfa establishment under climate change.
Development and Validation of Correlation Charts to Predict the Undisturbed Ground Temperature of Pakistan; a Step Toward Potential Geothermal Energy Exploration
Authors: Ali Tabish , Haider Waseem , Hussain And Arif
Published: April 2023

Pakistan relies mostly on fossil fuel for fulfilling its energy demand which is expensive as 11 well as not friendly for the environment. The need of the hour is to shift from fossil fuels to renew-12 able energy resources like geothermal, wind, solar etc. to cater for global warming issues. Pakistan 13 has a lot of potential geothermal sites because of several fault lines and hot springs. A sound 14 knowledge of ground temperature is essential to use geothermal energy, which is obtained by drill-15 ing boreholes and putting sensors making it an expensive procedure. Thus, to avoid huge cost for 16 drilling bore holes, particularly for ground temperature analysis, a numerical approach has been 17 considered for determining ground temperature. Furthermore, correlation charts between air and 18 ground temperatures have been developed as there were no proper studies on the ground temper-19 ature of Pakistan. Then, with the help of a boreholes drilled in National University of Sciences and 20 Technology Islamabad Pakistan, the actual ground and numerically calculated temperatures have 21 been compared which shows an error margin in the range between 0.27% for higher depths to 7.3% 22 near surface. Thus, it is shown that the proposed method is easy to implement and better than large 23 scale testing methods for the depths at which geothermal energy is extracted.
Liver Injury Associated with Ocrelizumab Use: A Case Report
Authors: Harata Mikako , Rustam Louma , Gunderson Alan
Published: April 2023

Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is the most common cause of acute liver failure and 5-10% of patients hospitalized for jaundice are diagnosed with DILI. For a diagnosis of DILI to be made, there should be exclusion of other etiologies of liver injury and the use of a precipitator drug, latency of symptoms, and resolution of liver injury once the offending drug is identified and discontinued. In our case report, we present a patient with idiosyncratic hepatocellular pattern DILI after two doses of ocrelizumab for treatment of multiple sclerosis. Ocrelizumab was given 16 and 27 days prior to the onset of icterus, jaundice, and fatigue, in a patient without the evidence of prior exposure to hepatitis B virus. At presentation labs revealed severe acute hepatocellular liver injury with R factor of 30.42, marked hyperbilirubinemia, and transient hypoalbuminemia. No evidence of latent or active hepatitis B infection was detected. Drug dechallenge led to return of liver chemistries to near-normal levels 31 days after the onset of her symptoms. This case indicates DILI diagnosis associated with the use of ocrelizumab, and warrants careful monitoring of liver functions in patients even in the absence of hepatitis B.
PRRSV-1 Stabilization Programmes in French Farrow-to-Finish Farms: a Way to Reduce Antibiotic Usage
Authors: Teixeira Costa Charlotte , Berton Pauline , Boulbria Gwenaël , Normand Valérie , Brissonnier Mathieu , Lebret Arnaud
Published: April 2023

Infection with the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 (PRRSV-1) has serious economic consequences for the pig industry. Swine practitioners and other agricultural advisors often describe an increase in antibiotic use when PRRSV-1 is circulating. Our objective was to assess the impact of PRRSV-1 stabilization programmes on reducing antibiotic use. The study was carried out on 19 French farrow-to-finish farms that successfully implemented a PRRSV-1 stabilization protocol between 2007 and 2019. For each farm, antibiotic consumption (expressed in mg/PCU and ALEA) were compared one year before (P1) and one year after (P2) the implementation of such a protocol and the change between P1 and P2 were calculated in percentages. Data were then analysed by level of consumption. Antibiotic use decreased significantly between P1 and P2 if expressed in mg/PCU and showed a decreased tendency in terms of exposure (ALEA). Concerning the change from P1 to P2, our results showed that the higher consumption levels in P1, the greater antibiotic reduction in P2. This study highlights the ability of a stabilization protocol against PRRSV-1 to reduce antibiotic use, especially on farms that have high consumption. These hopeful results show that further investigations about the relationship between PRRSV-1 and antibiotic usage could be beneficial.
The Utilization of Carbapenem Use within the Last Days of Life: A Korean Nationwide Study
Authors: Wi Yu Mi , Kwon Ki Tae , Jeon Cheon-Hoo , Kim Si-Ho , Hwang Soyoon , Bae Sohyun , Kim Yoonjung , Chang Hyun-Ha , Kim Shin-Woo , Cheong Hae Suk , Lee Shinwon , Jung Dong Sik , Sohn Kyung Mok , Moon Chisook , Heo Sang Taek , Kim Bongyoung , Lee Mi Suk , Hur Jian , Kim Jieun , Yoon Young-Kyung
Published: April 2023

The appropriate carbapenem use is a critical concern for patient safety, public health, and a national priority. We investigated the nationwide status of carbapenem prescription in patients within their last 14 days of life to guide judicious-use protocols from the previous study comprising of 1,350 decedents. Carbapenem use was universally restricted by computerised authorisation at all centres during the study period. Carbapenem prescribing patterns and their optimality were evaluated. A total of 1201 patients received antimicrobial agents within the last 2 weeks of their lives, of whom 533 (44.4%) received at least one carbapenem. The median carbapenem treatment duration was 7 days. Of the 533 patients receiving carbapenems, 510 (95.7%) patients had microbiological samples drawn and 196 (36.8%) yielded carbapenem-resistant pathogens. A total of 200 (37.5%) were referred to infectious disease (ID) specialists. Of the 333 patients (62.5%) without ID consults, 194 (58.2%) were assessed as “not optimal”: 79 (23.7%) required escalation, 100 (30.0%) required de-escalation, and 15 (4.5%) discontinued. Notwithstanding the existing antibiotic restriction program system, carbapenems are commonly prescribed to patients within their last days of life, a majority of whom do not require it.
Effects of Footpad Slope, Movement Direction and Contact Part of Foot on Foot-based Interactions
Authors: Kim Sang-Won , Hong Seung-Kweon
Published: April 2023

The feet cannot perform tasks as quickly and with as much dexterity as the hands. However, due to the heavy workload placed on the hands, there is potential for the feet to replace or assist the hands. In order to use the feet more effectively, this study aims to find ways to increase the speed and accuracy of directly touching a touchpad with the feet while in a seated position. The study investigates the effects of three factors: the slope of the touchpad, the direction of foot movement, and the touch area of the foot used. Regarding the direction of foot movement, the study found that the most effective direction for both accuracy and speed was at a 30-degree angle to the right when the front of the right foot was set at 0 degrees. The 0-degree and 60-degree angles showed similar efficiencies, but were lower than the 30-degree angle. The study also found that using the big toe as the touch area resulted in the best speed, accuracy, and subjective satisfaction. The index toe was the second-best option, while using the ball of the foot was the least accurate and slowest option. Lastly, using an slope angle of 15 degrees for the touchpad was found to increase work efficiency compared to using a 7-degree slope angle. These findings can serve as guidelines for designing foot interfaces.
Application of a wavelet neural network approach to detect stator winding short circuits in asynchronous machines
Authors: Sakhara S. , Brahimi M. , Nacib L. , Layadi T. M.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Nowadays, fault diagnosis of induction machines plays an important role in industrial fields. In this paper, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model has been proposed for automatic fault diagnosis of an induction machine. The aim of this research study is to design a neural network model that allows generating a large database. This database can cover maximum possible of the stator faults. The fault considered in this study take into account a short circuit with large variations in the machine load. Moreover, the objective is to automate the diagnosis algorithm by using ANN classifier. Method. The database used for the ANN is based on indicators which are obtained from wavelet analysis of the machine stator current of one phase. The developed neural model allows to taking in consideration imbalances which are generated by short circuits in the machine stator. The implemented mathematical model in the expert system is based on a three-phase model. The mathematical parameters considered in this model are calculated online. The characteristic vector of the ANN model is formed by decomposition of stator current signal using wavelet discrete technique. Obtained results show that this technique allows to ensure more detection with clear evaluation of turn number in short circuit. Also, the developed expert system for the taken configurations is characterized by high precision.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и субвариантов Omicron, находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 22.04.2023 г. по 28.04.2023 г.
Authors: Чумачкова Елена , Красно Ярослав , Дмитриева Людмила , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: April 2023

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 вызывающих интерес (VOI) и субвариантов Omicron, находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 22 по 28 апреля 2023 г.
Ventriculitis Associated with Invasive Klebsiella Pneumoniae Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Chai Yoon , Hur Jin Woo , Kim Jeong Gyun , Lee Jong Won , Yun Il-Gyu , Lee Hyun Koo
Published: April 2023

Invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae syndrome is defined as community-acquired liver abscess and metastatic infections in the lung, soft tissue, and central nervous system (CNS) caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Metastatic CNS infection in invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae syndrome shows rapid clinical deterioration and a high mortality rate. We present a case of ventriculitis caused by invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae syndrome successfully treated with a timely diagnosis, immediate surgical intervention, and administration of antibiotics.
Visualisation of the electromagnetic vector fields
Authors: Bartoň Stanislav
Published: April 2023

Modern computer algebra software can be used to visualize vector fields. One of the most used is the Maple program. This program is used to visualize two and three-dimensional vector fields. The possibilities of plotting direction vectors, lines of force, equipotential curves and the method of colouring the surface area for two-dimensional cases are shown step by step. For three-dimensional arrays, these methods are applied to various slices of three-dimensional space, such as a plane or a cylindrical surface. Finally, the temporal evolution of the vector fields is illustrated by animations based on the above methods. In contrast to the publication [2], which deals only with the problem of colouring vector fields, the present paper makes a completely comprehensive study of the problem, including the representation of vectors in a predefined network, the computation of the shape of power lines, and the animation of time changes, including the animation of the coloured vector fields.
Identification of quasiperiodic processes in the vicinity of the resonance
Authors: Fischer Cyril , Náprstek Jiří
Published: April 2023

In nonlinear dynamical systems, strong quasiperiodic beating effects appear due to combination of self-excited and forced vibration. The presence of symmetric or asymmetric beatings indicates an exchange of energy between individual degrees of freedom of the model or by multiple close dominant frequencies. This effect is illustrated by the case of the van der Pol equation in the vicinity of resonance. The approximate analysis of these nonlinear effects uses the harmonic balance method and the multiple scale method.
Validation of numerical simulations of a simple immersed boundary solver for fluid flow in branching channels
Authors: Keslerová Radka , Lancmanová Anna , Bodnár Tomáš
Published: April 2023

This work deals with the flow of incompressible viscous fluids in a two-dimensional branching channel. Using the immersed boundary method, a new finite difference solver was developed to interpret the channel geometry. The numerical results obtained by this new solver are compared with the numerical simulations of the older finite volume method code and with the results obtained with OpenFOAM. The aim of this work is to verify whether the immersed boundary method is suitable for fluid flow in channels with more complex geometries with difficult grid generation.
Identification problem for nonlinear beam -- extension for different types of boundary conditions
Authors: Radová Jana , Machalová Jitka
Published: April 2023

Identification problem is a framework of mathematical problems dealing with the search for optimal values of the unknown coefficients of the considered model. Using experimentally measured data, the aim of this work is to determine the coefficients of the given differential equation. This paper deals with the extension of the continuous dependence results for the Gao beam identification problem with different types of boundary conditions by using appropriate analytical inequalities with a special attention given to the Wirtinger's inequality and its modification. On the basis of these results for the different types of the boundary conditions the existence theorem for the identification problem can be proven.
Estimation of EDZ zones in great depths by elastic-plastic models
Authors: Sysala Stanislav
Published: April 2023

This contribution is devoted to modeling damage zones caused by the excavation of tunnels and boreholes (EDZ zones) in connection with the issue of deep storage of spent nuclear fuel in crystalline rocks. In particular, elastic-plastic models with Mohr-Coulomb or Hoek-Brown yield criteria are considered. Selected details of the numerical solution to the corresponding problems are mentioned. Possibilities of elastic and elastic-plastic approaches are illustrated by a numerical example.
Homogenization of the transport equation describing convection-diffusion processes in a material with fine periodic structure
Authors: Šilhánek David , Beneš Michal
Published: April 2023

In the present contribution we discuss mathematical homogenization and numerical solution of the elliptic problem describing convection-diffusion processes in a material with fine periodic structure. Transport processes such as heat conduction or transport of contaminants through porous media are typically associated with convection-diffusion equations. It is well known that the application of the classical Galerkin finite element method is inappropriate in this case since the discrete solution is usually globally affected by spurious oscillations. Therefore, great care should be taken in developing stable numerical formulations. We describe a variational principle for the convection-diffusion problem with rapidly oscillating coefficients and formulate the corresponding homogenization results. Further, based on the variational principle, we derive a stable numerical scheme for the corresponding homogenized problem. A numerical example will be solved to illustrate the overall performance of the proposed method.
As Metodologias Ativas no contexto da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica: aproximações e contribuições na perspectiva de uma formação humana e integral
Authors: Ribeiro Wendes , Silva Cláudio , Demarchi Paulo , Garcia Juliana , Silva Juliana , Cruz Laura
Published: April 2023

Propõe-se discutir as metodologias ativas no contexto da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) e, ao mesmo tempo, questioná-las como estratégias de ensino a partir dos fundamentos filosóficos de uma EPT comprometida com a formação integral do estudante. Para tanto, apresenta o surgimento e o estabelecimento das metodologias ativas, no debate educacional brasileiro, e como têm sido abordadas na perspectiva da EPT.  Por fim, apresenta os desafios para a prática docente e da utilização das metodologias ativas, em especial, no âmbito da EPT. Conclui chamando a atenção para a finalidade da educação profissional e tecnológica e o papel de qualquer metodologia para o alcance de seu propósito fundamental: a compreensão da educação como instrumento para a superação das condições de opressão, injustiça e desigualdade que marcam o modelo capitalista de produção.
Hybrid Gas-Lifting Method Optimizes High-GOR Production
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: April 2023

_

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 209721, “Hybrid Artificial Lift-SRP/Gas Lift for Oil Production in High-GOR Environments,” by Kuldeep Chanchlani, SPE, Ranjit Gogoi, and Sukumar Awasthi, SPE, ONGC, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

_

The casing gas-pressure-operated rod-lift (CGPORL) system described in the complete paper consists of a sucker rod, pump, gas-lift valves, downhole gas anchor, and tubing string. The completion was invented to save workover rig cost, reduce production deferments, and increase production efficiency in high-gas/oil-ratio (GOR) environments in marginal fields.

CGPORL System Description

The hybrid-lift system includes gas-lift and rod-lift modes, allowing operators to switch between two modes of artificial lift without costly workovers (Fig. 1). The key factor is the ability to isolate or communicate between the tubing and the annulus without pulling the tubing string out of the hole. Gas lift requires that the annulus should isolate tubing in order to inject gas through valves installed inside pocket mandrels, whereas rod pumps need communication between the tubing and annulus for passage of liberated free gas.

Mechanism

The gas-lift valve opens once annulus pressure develops over the valve-closing pressure. Once free gas is released into the tubing and the injection valve is closed, the annulus becomes a closed system. The free gas released from the downhole gas anchor gradually pressurizes the annulus until the valve opens for the next cycle. This mechanism indicates an intermittent gas-lift process in a cycle.

When the well ceases to flow because of rod-lift failure, the well When the well ceases to flow because of rod-lift failure, the well will continue to flow through the annulus by keeping open the annulus valve connected to the nonreturn valve. Because of the nondevelopment of annulus pressure in case of rod-lift the CGPORL system. failure, a mobile air compressor can be used for valve unloading until the rod pump can be serviced.

As the solution gas is recombined with liquid above the pump-setting depth, the hydrostatic head is relatively decreased. If the gas-lift valve is placed at a shallower depth, the drilled well length contributing to the reduction of fluid density is short. If the pump is placed at a deeper depth, annulus pressure can be high, so the gas-lift valve can be placed in a low position. Optimization for the point-of-pump setting and gas-lift-valve setting depth is required. These effects are related directly to the frequency of injection and rate, which must be examined along with economic and safety factors.
Minimally Invasive Approach to Decompression for Chiari Malformation Type 1
Authors: Agudelo-Arrieta Mariana , Henao-Romero Sara , Mendez-Gutierrez Andres , Sardi Juan Pablo , Berbeo Miguel Enrique , Diaz-Orduz Roberto
Published: April 2023

Objective: Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) is a congenital hindbrain abnormality characterized by downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. The widespread accessibility of advanced technologies and imaging modalities has led to an increase in the popularity of minimally invasive (MIS) techniques in cranial and spinal pathologies. Methods: The study was conducted at a university hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. All data were obtained from the database of the hospital’s Neurosurgery Department. After institutional review board approval, the medical records of patients who underwent MIS posterior fossa decompression for CM1 were retrospectively reviewed.Results: Thirty-six patients underwent posterior fossa decompression through a minimally invasive approach during the study period. Nineteen patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the data analysis. The patients’ chief complaints were headache (78.9%) and neck pain (57.9%). The average surgical time was 158.2 ± 50.5 minutes, with no significant difference in timing among different specialists. The most common postoperative complications were associated with dura closure, including 6 patients with pseudomeningocele and one patient with cerebrospinal fluid leak.Conclusion: Different surgical techniques have been proposed for posterior fossa decompression of CM1. In the present study, we favor a minimally invasive approach to the craniocervical junction to preserve as much of the normal anatomy as possible and avoid alterations in spinal biomechanics.
Complications in Cervical and Thoracic Spine Surgery
Authors: Lekarczyk Andrew , Zaki Mark , Linzey Joseph , Kashlan Osama N
Published: April 2023

Minimally invasive surgery has continued to grow as an alternative approach to traditional open methods of treating cervical and thoracic spine pathologies, with similar efficacy, shorter hospitalizations and decreased tissue destruction. This manuscript presents a review of the literature and summarizes complications seen in cervical and thoracic spine surgery, focusing on different types of minimally invasive procedures. Overall, our review suggests that minimally invasive approaches have less severe complications than open approaches, and indicates the need for prospective studies to examine this finding further.