bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in structure determination by cryo‐EM to unravel membrane‐spanning pore formation
Authors: Scott Harry , Huang Wei , Bann James G. , Taylor Derek J.
Published: August 2018

The beta pore‐forming proteins (β‐PFPs) are a large class of polypeptides that are produced by all Kingdoms of life to contribute to their species' own survival. Pore assembly is a sophisticated multi‐step process that includes receptor/membrane recognition and oligomerization events, and is ensued by large‐scale structural rearrangements, which facilitate maturation of a prepore into a functional membrane spanning pore. A full understanding of pore formation, assembly, and maturation has traditionally been hindered by a lack of structural data; particularly for assemblies representing differing conformations of functional pores. However, recent advancements in cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) techniques have provided the opportunity to delineate the structures of such flexible complexes, and in different states, to near‐atomic resolution. In this review, we place a particular emphasis on the use of cryo‐EM to uncover the mechanistic details including architecture, activation, and maturation for some of the prominent members of this family.
Women in Process Safety
Authors: Murphy John F. , Willey Ronald J. , Carter Tracy
Published: August 2018

This article focuses on the careers of 16 women who are leaders in process safety. Through these interviews several common themes evolved. A key one is that this is a level playing ground, women or men have the same opportunities. Second, the entry into this expertise tended to happen after a significant event, and generally, after recognizing the importance of process safety postgraduation. Third, all these women are making important positive contributions to their companies, organizations, and society in general. We are fortunate to have such talented women select process safety as their career focus. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 37: 328–339, 2018
“It doesn't make me any lessAboriginal”: The complex politics of translocal place‐making forIndigenous tertiary student migrants
Authors: Harris Desiree , Prout Quicke Sarah
Published: August 2018

Indigenous migratory practices have never been comfortably explained using deterministic theories of migration. In this paper, we argue that translocalism offers new hopeful possibilities for building more robust and nuanced understandings of Indigenous migration and for extending theorisations of translocality in postcolonial settler‐states. Drawing on empirical evidence from a small‐scale exploratory study of Indigenous adults who migrated from rural/remote Australia, to Perth, Western Australia, to study at a university, we suggest that a particular politics of place‐making characterises Indigenous translocal subjectivities in settler states. These politics are evidenced by the ways in which the very act of movement from rural/remote areas to large cities for education can draw the authenticity of Indigenous identities into contestation. It also speaks to the resultant importance of translocal networks and places that provide relational spaces to share experiences of, and respond to, these contestations. The participants in this study made use of Indigenous student centres at their universities to develop a sense of place, build translocal networks, nurture their cultural identities, and contest settler assumptions that situate “authentic” Indigenous identities in a remote wilderness past.
Scanning Photoelectron Spectro‐Microscopy: A Modern Tool for the Study of Materials at the Nanoscale
Authors: Zeller Patrick , Amati Matteo , Sezen Hikmet , Scardamaglia Mattia , Struzzi Claudia , Bittencourt Carla , Lantz Gabriel , Hajlaoui Mahdi , Papalazarou Evangelos , Marino Marsi , Fanetti Mattia , Ambrosini Stefano , Rubini Silvia , Gregoratti Luca
Published: August 2018

The advanced properties of modern materials originate from their nanoscale size and shape and from chemical modifications or doping. Special techniques that can measure the chemical state in the nanoscale are required for exploration and understanding the properties of these materials. While X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can access the necessary chemical information, conventional setups have no spatial resolution. The scanning photoelectron microscope (SPEM) takes in advent the third generation synchrotron radiation facilities and uses a zone plate (ZP) focusing optics that allows spatially resolved XPS measurements in the submicron scale. Several recent examples of investigations of chemically modified or doped nanomaterials are given. The modification of suspended and supported graphene with nitrogen and fluorine is presented as well as the doping dependent position of the Fermi‐level in single GsAs nanowires and the Mott–Hubbard transition in Cr‐doped vanadium oxide. These examples show several peculiar SPEM abilities like a high surface and chemical sensitivity and a submicron spatial resolution proving the capability and importance of this technique to study materials at the nanoscale.
An Extrinsic Approach Toward Achieving Fast Response and Self‐Powered Photodetector
Authors: Mukhokosi Emma P. , Krupanidhi Saluru B. , Nanda Karuna K.
Published: August 2018

An extrinsic approach toward achieving fast response and self‐powered photodetector is reported. It is shown that an organic–inorganic hybrid device (SnSe2/PEDOT:PSS) not only operates in self‐powered mode for infra‐red photodetection but also improves the response time with respect to inorganic (SnSe2) linear devices. Fast response and recovery time constants of ≈1.33 and 1.22 s, respectively, are obtained. Furthermore, the sensitivity is highest at zero bias and the device is stable for over 6 months stored in open air condition. The observed photo‐current, faster response and recovery time constants are ascribed to the formation of a strong built‐in electric field at the interface between SnSe2 and PEDOT:PSS. In a broader view of these findings, the device proves its potential as a self‐powered photo‐detector and the results reported here can pave the way to design self‐powered and fast response for other wavelengths.
Topological Interface States of Shear Horizontal Guided Wave in One‐Dimensional Phononic Quasicrystal Slabs
Authors: Zhao Jiaming , Huo Shaoyong , Huang Hongbo , Chen Jiujiu
Published: August 2018

In this Letter, the topological interface states of shear horizontal guided wave are investigated in a one‐dimension (1D) phononic quasicrystal system. It has been found that multiple interface modes can occur at the interface of two Fibonacci sequences slabs. The occurrence of the interface states is determined by the condition that the sum of the left and right surface impedances of the interface is equal to zero. Most significantly, as the generation number of the Fibonacci sequence increases, more interface states will come into being at the interface of the quasi‐periodic slabs, which is caused by the accumulation of the detuning. This study of the topological interface states in phononic quasicrystals will greatly enrich the knowledge on the topology and broaden its application scopes.
Stochastic subgrid‐scale parametrization for one‐dimensional shallow‐water dynamics using stochastic mode reduction
Authors: Zacharuk Matthias , Dolaptchiev Stamen I. , Achatz Ulrich , Timofeyev Ilya
Published: August 2018

We address the question of parametrizing the subgrid scales in simulations of geophysical flows by applying stochastic mode reduction to the one‐dimensional stochastically forced shallow‐water equations. The problem is formulated in physical space by defining resolved variables as local spatial averages over finite‐volume cells and unresolved variables as corresponding residuals. Based on the assumption of a time‐scale separation between the slow spatial averages and the fast residuals, the stochastic mode reduction procedure is used to obtain a low‐resolution model for the spatial averages alone with local stochastic subgrid‐scale parametrization coupling each resolved variable only to a few neighbouring cells. The closure improves the results of the low‐resolution model and outperforms two purely empirical stochastic parametrizations. It is shown that the largest benefit is in the representation of the energy spectrum. By adjusting only a single coefficient (the strength of the noise) we observe that there is a potential for improving the performance of the parametrization, if additional tuning of the coefficients is performed. In addition, the scale‐awareness of the parametrizations is studied.
Fidelity as a marker of topological phase transitions in 2D Dirac materials
Authors: Bolívar Juan Carlos , Cordero Nicolas A. , Nagy Ágnes , Romera Elvira
Published: August 2018

Silicene, as other 2D buckled structures, is a gapped Dirac material with intrinsic spin‐orbit coupling whose band structure can be controlled by applying a perpendicular electric field. It presents a topological phase transition from a topological insulator to a band insulator at the charge neutrality point. We present in this article a characterization of this phase transition by using fidelity of Loschmidt echoes when a magnetic and two slightly different electric fields are applied by considering the time evolution of two kinds of wave packets, one with a single Gaussian profile and the other with a double Gaussian profile creating a cat state. We also show that Zitterbewegung, classical, and revival Loschmidt periods diverge close to but not exactly at the charge neutrality point and explain this behavior.
Quadrupole mass filter operation with dipole direct current and quadrupole radiofrequency excitation
Authors: Douglas Donald J. , Konenkov Nikolai V.
Published: August 2018

Rationale

For mass analysis, a quadrupole mass filter (QMF) usually operates at the upper tip of the first stability region. We introduce a new mode of QMF operation with dipole direct current (dc) and with auxiliary quadrupole excitation. Before experimental investigation of this mode, we have carried out numerical simulations of this process.

Methods

Based on the analytical description of the equations of ion motion and mapping of stability islands, ion trajectory calculations are used to calculate peak shapes or mass filter transmission contours. Ions are given Gaussian distributions of initial positions in x and y, and thermal initial velocity distributions. The effects of the dipole dc in the y direction and auxiliary quadrupole excitation in the x and y directions are modeled.

Results

We find that, with dipole dc excitation, the working area of the first stability region decreases and a new y stability boundary follows a βy line. This allows control of the resolution with the removal of the low‐mass tail of a peak thereby improving the isotopic abundance sensitivity by about two orders of magnitude. The operation of a QMF with high resolution (about 5000) and high transmission (20–25%) and with a relatively short sorting time of ions n = 150 radiofrequency (rf) cycles based on the use of dipole dc and quadrupole excitation is shown.

Conclusions

A new mode of QMF operation with dipole direct current (dc) and with an auxiliary quadrupole is discussed. Using dc excitation allows control of the resolution with the removal of the low‐mass tail of a peak. The method of operation of a quadrupole mass filter with high resolution (about 5000) and high transmission (20–25%) and a relatively short sorting time (150 rf cycles) based on the use of dipole dc and on quadrupole excitation is shown.
Future secondary schools for diversity: Where are we now and were could we be?
Authors: Black Alison
Published: August 2018

There are more pupils of secondary‐school age in special schools in England than those of primary‐school age. In 2016, 60% of the 88,009 pupils aged between 5 and 16 in special schools in England were of secondary age. This disproportionality can be viewed as an indication that inclusion of children with special educational needs in mainstream secondary schools is not being achieved. This two‐part multiple methods study involved a standard empirical enquiry, used survey methodology with rating scales and open‐ended questions. The second part used futures studies methodologies and focus‐group evaluation techniques to develop a vignette of a school that successfully includes those children who are placed in special schools, at the time of this study which was then subjected to critique and evaluation by a variety of expert and stakeholder groups in several focus‐group settings. The suggestions arising from these discussions informed the reformulating and development of the vignette. Analysis reveals that while school structure and organisation account for some of the explanations of over‐representation, so do within‐child factors, issues around relationships, processes and curriculum as well as exosystemic/chronosystemic factors. A vignette of a future school is presented, one that which includes the children who are excluded from mainstream schools at the time of writing. This paper highlights the unexplored phenomenon of secondary over‐representation in special schools in England and presents an in‐depth analysis of the reasons that stakeholders give to explain this over‐representation. Uniquely, this analysis is then translated into a design of a possible future inclusive school.
Child discipline and violence in Nigeria: A community‐based intervention programme to reduce violent discipline and other forms of negative parenting practices
Authors: Ofoha Dorothy , Ogidan Rotimi , Saidu Rosemary
Published: August 2018

Despite the growing research that demonstrates that the use of corporal punishment with children is harmful, many Nigerian parents still utilise such methods without realising the implications. Because of lack of a strong evidence‐based programme to serve local needs, we developed a community‐based parenting education programme (PEP) to help parents reduce violent discipline and learn more positive strategies of dealing with children. Using a quasi‐experimental design in which six communities were selected from different regions across Nigeria, three as the intervention and three as the control, we tested the effectiveness of the programme with 300 parents of children aged 3–12. Parents in the intervention communities (n = 150) were exposed to 8‐week PEP intervention session on a 2‐hour weekly basis. Parents in the control communities (n = 150) were given a placebo treatment. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation. Findings revealed positive changes in parental beliefs, attitudes and practices about child‐rearing. Significant reductions were observed in the frequency with which parents used corporal punishment, and adopting more positive methods in dealing with their children including verbal praise and redirecting; a feat that was lacking prior to intervention. Effect sizes associated with the gains in parental outcomes were in the medium to large range (0.62—0.84). Comparison of means of pre‐, post‐ and delayed intervention measures showed greater gains by the intervention group. These findings provided empirical support for wider implementation of the PEP programme, which would help many more parents become more effective in their parenting in ways that support their children's optimal development.
Concise Review: Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Targeted Cancer Therapies
Authors: Mooney Rachael , Hammad Mohamed , Batalla-Covello Jennifer , Abdul Majid Asma , Aboody Karen S.
Published: August 2018

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with 1,688,780 new cancer cases and 600,920 cancer deaths projected to occur in 2017 in the U.S. alone. Conventional cancer treatments including surgical, chemo-, and radiation therapies can be effective, but are often limited by tumor invasion, off-target toxicities, and acquired resistance. To improve clinical outcomes and decrease toxic side effects, more targeted, tumor-specific therapies are being developed. Delivering anticancer payloads using tumor-tropic cells can greatly increase therapeutic distribution to tumor sites, while sparing non-tumor tissues therefore minimizing toxic side effects. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are tumor-tropic cells that can pass through normal organs quickly, localize to invasive and metastatic tumor foci throughout the body, and cross the blood-brain barrier to reach tumors in the brain. This review focuses on the potential use of NSCs as vehicles to deliver various anticancer payloads selectively to tumor sites. The use of NSCs in cancer treatment has been studied most extensively in the brain, but the findings are applicable to other metastatic solid tumors, which will be described in this review. Strategies include NSC-mediated enzyme/prodrug gene therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and delivery of antibodies, nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles containing oligonucleotides. Preclinical discovery and translational studies, as well as early clinical trials, will be discussed.
Study on the Anti‐Endometrial Cancer Activity of a Series of 4,6‐Diaryl‐2‐pyrimidinamine Derivatives against Endometrial Carcinoma Ishikawa Cell and Their Molecular Design
Authors: Yang Qi , Qu Ziwei , Selek Danibai , Zhang Shuping
Published: August 2018

Endometrial cancer is a thorny issue that has affected the health of women all over the world. It is also an important public issue which needed to be solved in developing countries. In this article, our team studied on the anti‐endometrial cancer activity of a series of 4,6‐diaryl‐2‐pyrimidinamine derivatives by using CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis) and CoMSIA (comparative molecular similarity indices analysis) models and designed new small molecules with anti‐endometrial cancer activity. Our group divided randomly a series of 4,6‐diaryl‐2‐pyrimidinamine derivatives into a training set and a test set to build and test the CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The Q2 ( cross‐validated correlation coefficient) and R2 (non‐cross‐validated correlation coefficient) of the CoMFA model and the CoMSIA model were 0.562 and 0.993, 0.55 and 0.958. The result indicated that the model had strong stability and good predictability. Based on the 3D contour maps, we designed several molecules with high anti‐endometrial cancer activity against endometrial carcinoma ishikawa cell.
Sugar γ‐Amino Acids as Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Cyclic Neoglycopeptides.
Authors: Richard Mylène , Ariztia Julen , Lamandé‐Langle Sandrine , Pellegrini Moïse Nadia
Published: August 2018

Anomeric sugar γ‐amino acids efficiently obtained by nucleophilic addition of nitronate anion on sugar olefins are useful building blocks for the preparation of new cyclic glycopeptides. Cyclopeptides have interesting biological properties or find potential applications as templates for anchoring of a wide range of biomolecules or detection dyes. We report here the synthesis of two types of cyclic systems containing γ‐glyco amino acid and α‐amino acid units. A first example was prepared to demonstrate the feasibility of the cyclization of these original structures. To explore the feasibility with more functionalized structures, α‐amino acid and sugar amino‐acid moieties bearing additional functions were chosen as building blocks for the second macrocycle. Furthermore, we describe and explain some unexpected results obtained during deprotection of these new cyclic glycopeptides.
Thienopyrrolo[2, 3‐d]pyrimidines, New Tricyclic Nucleobase Analogues: Synthesis and Biological Activities
Authors: Tichý Michal , Smoleń Sabina , Deingruber Tomáš , Džubák Petr , Pohl Radek , Slavětínská Lenka Poštová , Hajdúch Marián , Hocek Michal
Published: August 2018

Three isomeric series of 4‐substituted thieno‐fused 7‐deazapurine nucleobases were synthesized by palladium catalyzed couplings or nucleophilic substitutions from protected key‐intermediate 4‐chlorothienopyrrolopyrimidines. Most final nucleobases exerted micromolar activity against hepatitis C virus and respiratory syncytial virus, as well as some in vitro cytostatic activities against several cancer and leukemia cell lines. Three new nucleosides derived from 8H‐thieno[3′, 4′:4,5]pyrrolo[2, 3‐d]pyrimidine were also synthesized and were significantly more cytostatic than corresponding nucleobases, with activities in submicromolar range and low toxicity to normal cycling fibroblasts.
PD‐1 Blockade for Improving the Antitumor Efficiency of Polymer–Doxorubicin Nanoprodrug
Authors: Gao Fan , Zhang Chi , Qiu Wen‐Xiu , Dong Xue , Zheng Di‐Wei , Wu Wei , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: August 2018

Chemotherapy is well recognized to induce immune responses during some chemotherapeutic drugs‐mediated tumor eradication. Here, a strategy involving blocking programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) to enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of a doxorubicin nanoprodrug HA‐Psi‐DOX is proposed and the synergetic mechanism between them is further studied. The nanoprodrugs are fabricated by conjugating doxorubicin (DOX) to an anionic polymer hyaluronic acid (HA) via a tumor overexpressed matrix metalloproteinase sensitive peptide (CPLGLAGG) for tumor targeting and enzyme‐activated drug release. Once accumulated at the tumor site, the nanoprodrug can be activated to release antitumor drug by tumor overexpressed MMP‐2. It is found that HA‐Psi‐DOX nanoparticles can kill tumor cells effectively and initiate an antitumor immune response, leading to the upregulation of interferon‐γ. This cytokine promotes the expression of programmed cell death protein‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on tumor cells, which will cause immunosuppression after interacting with PD‐1 on the surface of lymphocytes. The results suggest that the therapeutic efficiency of HA‐Psi‐DOX nanoparticles is significantly improved when combined with checkpoint inhibitors anti‐PD‐1 antibody (α‐PD1) due to the neutralization of immunosuppression by blocking the interaction between PD‐L1 and PD‐1. This therapeutic system by combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy further increases the link between conventional tumor therapies and immunotherapy.
Blurred Binary Code for the Sustainable Development of Functional Systems
Authors: Appignanesi Laura
Published: August 2018

Luhmann's general systems theory is based on the concept of autopoietic closed systems. However, social changes, globalization and digitization currently constitute factors of change that require a critical review of this theory. Although moving in the functionalist and systemic tradition, this paper aims to address the problem not of system reproduction but of system transformation, with the focus shifting from the system to its boundaries. This paper considers the use of binary codes for the communicative boundaries of systems, suggesting that rigid ‘binary codes’ be replaced by a communication code that includes shades between the two extremes, or better: a trade‐off relation. The goal is to align the system to the necessary sustainable development, according to environmental changes. Methodologically, the discussion begins with a concrete example of three partial systems: the legal system, art and mass media. The paper then proposes a logical demonstration and an artistic demonstration through the interpretation of the artworks of M.C. Escher. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable Skills for the World of Work in the Digital Age
Authors: Sousa Maria José , Wilks Daniela
Published: August 2018

The skills that small and medium‐sized enterprises will need in the near future are an essential research topic that has not yet been appropriately addressed. The current paper aims to fill this gap in the literature. Explicitly, the study aimed to identify the critical skills for organizations and the disruptive technological skills. To this end, a literature review was conducted, and an online survey explored the main critical skills for the future and the disruptive technological skills contributing to achieving sustainable employability. The critical skills identified in the study were complex problem‐solving, critical thinking, creativity, people management, coordinating with others, emotional intelligence, judgement and decision making, service orientation and negotiating and cognitive flexibility. As for the disruptive technological skills, these were artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, robotization, internet of things, augmented reality and digitalization. Findings may assist companies to develop the skills needed to respond to the challenges of a continuously changing business environment. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
7‐Methoxy‐luteolin‐8‐C‐β‐6‐deoxy‐xylo‐pyranos‐3‐uloside exactly (mLU8C‐PU) isolated from Arthraxon hispidus inhibits migratory and invasive responses mediated via downregulation of MMP‐9 and IL‐8 expression in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Kim Soo‐Jin , Pham Thu‐Huyen , Bak Yesol , Ryu Hyung‐Won , Oh Sei‐Ryang , Yoon Do‐Young
Published: August 2018

7‐Methoxy‐luteolin‐8‐C‐β‐6‐deoxy‐xylo‐pyranos‐3‐uloside (mLU8C‐PU) is a glycosylflavone of luteolin isolated from Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.). Luteolin is known to exert anti‐migratory and anti‐invasive effects on tumor cells. However, there are no reports on the effects of mLU8C‐PU on tumor invasiveness and associated signaling pathways. In this study, we demonstrated the anti‐migratory and anti‐invasive effects of mLU8C‐PU in 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐treated MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. We also investigated the effect of mLU8C‐PU on invasion‐ related signal transducers, including protein kinase Cα (PKCα), c‐Jun N terminal kinase (JNK), activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐ĸB). TPA‐induced membrane translocation of PKCα, phosphorylation of JNK, and the nuclear translocations of AP‐1 and NF‐κB were downregulated by mLU8C‐PU in MCF‐7 cells. In addition, mLU8C‐PU also inhibited matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) expression. These results indicate that mLU8C‐PU inhibits migratory and invasive responses in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells by suppressing MMP‐9 and IL‐8 expression through mitigating TPA‐induced PKCα, JNK activation, and the nuclear translocation of AP‐1 and NF‐κB. These results suggest that mLU8C‐PU may be used as an anti‐metastatic agent.
Evidence of links between regional climate change and precipitation extremes over India
Authors: Mishra Anoop Kumar , Nagaraju V. , Rafiq Mohammd , Chandra Sagarika
Published: August 2018

A significant change in the precipitation pattern over India has been reported in previous studies. This change includes an increase in heavy precipitation and a decrease in light and/or moderate precipitation. This study examines the possible link between these changes and regional climate conditions, using regional surface temperature and Vertically Integrated Moisture Transport (VIMT) records. It is reported that precipitation extremes during the southwest (SW) monsoon season show coherent variability with surface temperature over India. The precipitation spectrum shows significant changes from cold to warm years, with increases in heavy precipitation and decreases in light and/or moderate precipitation. The study reveals a decreasing trend in VIMT over the Bay of Bengal, which is consistent with decreases in the number of monsoon depressions over the region. It is observed that an increase in VIMT over the Arabian Sea shows coherent variation with precipitation extremes over India. The results reported in this article are crucial when considering the increase in drought and flood events in a changing climate.
A Study on FeII, ZnII and CuII Complexes with Novel Tridentate Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands
Authors: Herber Ulrich , Moegling Julian , Siris Rita , Hoffmann Alexander , Mayer Peter , Göbel Christoph , Lochenie Charles , Weber Birgit , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: August 2018

The ligand class of tridentate bis(pyrazolyl)methanes was extended via the syntheses of HC(3,5‐EtPz)2Py. This ligand is the first of its kind with a homogeneous 3,5‐functionalization with large substituents. On the basis of 3,5‐functionalized ligands we were able to synthesize 15 novel complexes with FeII, ZnII, and CuII salts. Herein we present an extensive coordination chemistry study, that focuses on the influences of different metals, ligands, and counterions on the coordination mode and on the spin state in case of FeII complexes.
Transformation of [EMIm][BPB] into a Cationic Luminescent Ln‐Coordination Polymer with the Bis(phthalato)borate Anion
Authors: Zottnick Sven H. , Sprenger Jan A. P. , Finze Maik , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus
Published: August 2018

Starting from phthalic acid and Na[BH4], the low‐melting salt [EMIm+][BPB] [EMIm+ = 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium; BPB– = bis(phthalato)borate] was synthesized and further reacted with Tb(NO3)3·6H2O to yield the one‐dimensional coordination polymer 1∞[Tb(o‐HBDC)(H2O)6][BPB]2. Product formation is a result of the formation of the ortho‐phthalato mono acid (o‐HBDC) from [BPB]– anions in the process and leads to linkage of adjacent Tb3+ ions resulting in the cationic strand 1∞[Tb(o‐HBDC)]2+. The cationic charge of the coordination polymer is compensated by the [BPB]– anions in the crystal structure. Furthermore, the one‐dimensional coordination polymer 1∞[Tb(o‐HBDC)(H2O)6][BPB]2 shows characteristic luminescence based on the 4f–4f transitions of the Tb3+ ions upon excitation with UV light.
Phase Formation Studies of Lead(II) Copper(II) Oxotellurates: The Crystal Structures of Dimorphic PbCuTeO5, PbCuTe2O6, and [Pb2Cu2(Te4O11)](NO3)2
Authors: Weil Matthias , Shirkhanlou Mahdi , Stürzer Tobias
Published: August 2018

Two modifications of the oxotellurate(VI) PbCuTeO5 were isolated as single crystals from product mixtures obtained from solid state reactions, whereas single crystals of the oxotellurates(IV) PbCuTe2O6 and [Pb2Cu2(Te4O11)](NO3)2 were grown under hydrothermal conditions. The crystal structures of all compounds comprise of characteristic coordination polyhedra, viz. nearly square [CuO4] plaquettes for divalent copper, octahedral [TeO6] units for hexavalent tellurium, trigonal‐pyramidal [TeO3] and bisphenoidal [TeO4] groups for tetravalent tellurium, and distorted [PbOx] polyhedra for divalent lead. PbCuTeO5 is dimorphic and crystallizes in a monoclinic and a triclinic modification, related by a translationengleiche group‐subgroup relation of index 2. PbCuTe2O6 represents the ideal composition of the rare mineral choloalite. The characteristic feature of the crystal structure of [Pb2Cu2(Te4O11)](NO3)2 is its layered set‐up, comprised of cationic [Pb2Cu2(Te4O11)]2+ ribbons (width approximately 6.7 Å) sandwiched between nitrate anions that are only weakly bound to the cationic layers.
On the principal eigenvalue of the Stokes operator in cylindrical domains
Authors: Karpiński Mikołaj , Nowakowski Bernard , Ströhmer Gerhard
Published: August 2018

We consider the Stokes operator in periodic, three dimensional cylinders supplemented with four types of the boundary conditions: the zero Dirichlet b.c., the Navier b.c., the slip b.c. and the generalized impermeability b.c. We analyze the relation between the principal eigenvalue of the Stokes operator and the diameter of the base of the cylinder. Since the direct computation of the eigenvalues for the Stokes system is very difficult, we examine the vector‐valued Laplacian and then draw some conclusions for the Stokes operator.
Kaizen as a Key Ingredient of Industrial Development Policy
Authors: Otsuka Keijiro
Published: August 2018

In order to reduce or eradicate poverty, it is imperative to create ample employment opportunities by developing labor-intensive manufacturing industries. This chapter proposes new policies to promote industrial development in SSA, recognizing that there are many spontaneously developed and promising industrial clusters in SSA. We also recognize that Kaizen training alone is not sufficient for full-fledged industrial development. Thus, we recommend following the sequence of support measures beginning with Kaizen training of entrepreneurs followed by investment in industrial parks and financial support, or TIF in short, because Kaizen training enhances the returns to subsequent investments. TIF strategy should be designed to attract FDI and promote absorptive capacity of local entrepreneurs to learn from FDI by means of continuous training of local entrepreneurs.
Scattering amplitudes — Wilson loops duality for the first non-planar correction
Authors: Ben-Israel Roy , Tumanov Alexander G. , Sever Amit
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We study the first non-planar correction to gluon scattering amplitudes in

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

SYM theory. The correction takes the form of a double trace partial amplitude and is suppressed by one power of 1/N with respect to the leading single trace contribution. We extend the duality between planar scattering amplitudes and null polygonal Wilson loops to the double trace amplitude. The new duality relates the amplitude to the correlation function of two infinite null polygonal Wilson lines that are subject to a quantum periodicity constraint. We test the duality perturbatively at one-loop order and demonstrate it for the dual string in AdS. The duality allows us to extend the notion of the loop integrand beyond the planar limit and to determine it using recursion relations. It also allows us to apply the integrability-based pentagon operator product expansion approach to the first non-planar order. This was the original motivation for this work and it will be reported on in a separate publication.
A phase 1 trial of SGN-CD70A in patients with CD70-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Phillips Tycel , Barr Paul M. , Park Steven I. , Kolibaba Kathryn , Caimi Paolo F. , Chhabra Saurabh , Kingsley Edwin C. , Boyd Thomas , Chen Robert , Carret Anne-Sophie , Gartner Elaina M. , Li Hong , Yu Cindy , Smith David C.
Published: August 2018

Purpose This first-in-human study evaluated SGN-CD70A, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) directed against the integral plasma membrane protein CD70 and linked to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer, in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) CD70-positive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) including diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and Grade 3b follicular lymphoma (FL3b). Methods SGN-CD70A was administered intravenously on Day 1 of 3-week cycles beginning at 8 mcg/kg with planned dose escalation to 200 mcg/kg. Due to observations of prolonged thrombocytopenia, the study was amended to dose every 6 weeks (q6wk). Results Twenty patients were enrolled and treated with SGN-CD70A. The maximum tolerated dose of SGN-CD70A was 30 mcg/kg q6wk. The most common adverse events (AEs) reported were thrombocytopenia (75%), nausea (55%), anemia (50%), and fatigue (50%). The onset for treatment-related thrombocytopenia typically occurred during Cycle 1. Most of the treatment-related events of thrombocytopenia were ≥ Grade 3. Antitumor activity in patients included 1 complete remission (CR) and 3 partial remissions (PRs), 2 of which were ongoing for at least 42.9 weeks. SGN-CD70A exposures were approximately dose proportional, with a mean terminal half-life of 3 to 5 days. Conclusions While modest single-agent activity was observed in heavily pretreated NHL patients, the applicability of SGN-CD70A is limited by the frequency and severity of thrombocytopenia, despite the long-term response with limited drug exposure.
Early life experiences and social cognition in major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Rokita Karolina I. , Dauvermann Maria R. , Donohoe Gary
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To present a systematic review of the literature on the associations between early social environment, early life adversity, and social cognition in major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Method:

Relevant studies were identified via electronic and manual searches of the literature and included articles written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals up to May 2018. Quality assessment was performed using the quality evaluation scale employed in previous systematic reviews.

Results:

A total of 25 studies were included in the systematic review with the quality assessment scores ranging from 3 to 6 (out of 6). The vast majority of the studies reviewed showed a significant association between early childhood social experience, including both insecure attachment and adversity relating to neglect or abuse, and poorer social cognitive performance.

Conclusion:

We discuss these findings in the context of an attachment model, suggesting that childhood social adversity may result in poor internal working models, selective attention toward emotional stimuli and greater difficulties with emotional self-regulation. We outline some of the steps required to translate this understanding of social cognitive dysfunction in major psychiatric disorders into a target for interventions that mitigate the adverse effects of childhood maltreatment and poor parental attachment on social cognition.
Longevity and Complication Rates of Ultrasound Guided Versus Traditional Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Desai Krisha , Vinograd Alexandra M. , Abbadessa Mary Kate F. , Chen Aaron E.
Published: August 2018

Background: Ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines are frequently used in patients with difficult access. We have previously reported on the longevity and complication rates of ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines, but there are limited data comparing outcomes of ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines to traditionally placed peripheral intravenous lines in children. The aim of this study was to compare the longevity and complication rates of ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines to traditionally placed intravenous lines in a pediatric population.

Methods: This study analyzed 300 ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines and 552 traditionally placed intravenous lines using patient records to determine the reason and timing for intravenous line removal. A t-test was used to compare overall mean survival times, and a log-rank test was used to compare Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Complication rates were compared using a chi-squared test.

Results: The survival times of ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines (mean = 73 hours, SD = 68 hours) were significantly longer than those of traditionally placed intravenous lines (mean = 38 hours, SD = 29.4 hours), t(559) = 8.51, P < .0001. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis yielded a median ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous line survival time of 143 hours (IQR = 68–246) and a median traditionally placed intravenous line survival time of 100 hours (IQR = 65–106) with a significant difference between the 2 survival curves by the log-rank test. There was also no significant difference in complication rates between ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines (34.8%) compared to traditionally placed intravenous lines (31.8%), x2(1, N = 517) = 0.465, P = .50.

Conclusions: Our data suggests that ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines are a viable option for children, including those with a history of difficult access. Survival times were longer for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines versus traditionally placed intravenous lines, and complication rates of the ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines and traditionally placed intravenous lines were similar.
Standardization of the technique to perform the transanal therapeutic irrigation
Authors: Rodrigues Beatriz Deoti e Silva , Buzatti Kelly Cristine de Lacerda Rodrigues , Quintão Nícolas Pablo Diogo , Oliveira Gustavo Monteiro , Pinheiro Marcela Monteiro , Rodrigues Francielle Profeta , Silva Rodrigo Gomes da
Published: August 2018

Purpose This article aims to present a standardization of the technique of transanal therapeutic irrigation, which is an old technique that has passed through history and is now used as a medical procedure to assist in the treatment of defecation disorders.

Methods This protocol was developed in patients with myelomeningocele submitted to the standard transanal therapeutic irrigation technique, in accordance with the protocol established at the Clinic of defecation disorders at a public university hospital in Brazil. The presented standard technique highlights the following topics: preparation of the patient before the treatment; interdisciplinary approach; training of the patient or the family member responsible for the patient and the step-by-step technique itself. The research ethics committee at the university approved this study.

Discussion Transanal therapeutic irrigation is indicated in neurogenic bowel dysfunctions and functional disorders of defecation. Training the patient or a family member responsible for irrigation is performed on three consecutive days, all of them supervised by the nurse. This technique aims to re-establish control over defecation and bowel function, and consists in an infusion of warm tap water through the anus, which allows the patient to evacuate daily the stool and keep the colon empty for longer periods. This avoids fecal incontinence and increases the quality of life of patients with defecation disorders.

Conclusion Transanal therapeutic irrigation is an effective, well-tolerated and safe procedure, which is better compared to the standard clinical care.
Market-Level Implications of Regulating Forest Carbon Storage and Albedo for Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Rautiainen Aapo , Lintunen Jussi , Uusivuori Jussi
Published: August 2018

We explore the optimal regulation of forest carbon and albedo for climate change mitigation. We develop a partial equilibrium market-level model with socially optimal carbon and albedo pricing and characterize optimal land allocation and harvests. We numerically assess the policy's market-level impacts on land allocation, harvests, and climate forcing, and evaluate how parameter choices (albedo strength, productivity of forest land, and carbon and albedo prices) affect the outcomes. Carbon pricing alone leads to an overprovision of climate benefits at the expense of food and timber production. Complementing the policy with albedo pricing reduces these welfare losses.
On the scaling of propagation of periodically generated vortex rings
Authors: Asadi H. , Asgharzadeh H. , Borazjani I.
Published: August 2018

The propagation of periodically generated vortex rings (period$T$) is numerically investigated by imposing pulsed jets of velocity$U_{jet}$and duration$T_{s}$(no flow between pulses) at the inlet of a cylinder of diameter$D$exiting into a tank. Because of the step-like nature of pulsed jet waveforms, the average jet velocity during a cycle is$U_{ave}=U_{jet}T_{s}/T$. By using$U_{ave}$in the definition of the Reynolds number ($Re=U_{ave}D/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$: kinematic viscosity of fluid) and non-dimensional period ($T^{\ast }=TU_{ave}/D=T_{s}U_{jet}/D$, i.e. equivalent to formation time), then based on the results, the vortex ring velocity$U_{v}/U_{jet}$becomes approximately independent of the stroke ratio$T_{s}/T$. The results also show that$U_{v}/U_{jet}$increases by reducing$Re$or increasing$T^{\ast }$(more sensitive to$T^{\ast }$) according to a power law of the form$U_{v}/U_{jet}=0.27T^{\ast 1.31Re^{-0.2}}$. An empirical relation, therefore, for the location of vortex ring core centres ($S$) over time ($t$) is proposed ($S/D=0.27T^{\ast 1+1.31Re^{-0.2}}t/T_{s}$), which collapses (scales) not only our results but also the results of experiments for non-periodic rings. This might be due to the fact that the quasi-steady vortex ring velocity was found to have a maximum of 15 % difference with the initial (isolated) one. Visualizing the rings during the periodic state shows that at low$T^{\ast }\leqslant 2$and high$Re\geqslant 1400$here, the stopping vortices become unstable and form hairpin vortices around the leading ones. However, by increasing$T^{\ast }$or decreasing$Re$the stopping vortices remain circular. Furthermore, rings with short$T^{\ast }=1$show vortex pairing after approximately one period in the downstream, but higher$T^{\ast }\geqslant 2$generates a train of vortices in the quasi-steady state.
Confinement effects on regular–irregular transition in shock-wave–boundary-layer interactions
Authors: Grossman Ilan J. , Bruce Paul J. K.
Published: August 2018

An oblique shock wave is generated in a Mach 2 flow at a flow deflection angle of$12^{\circ }$. The resulting shock-wave–boundary-layer interaction (SWBLI) at the tunnel wall is observed. A novel traversable shock generator allows the position of the SWBLI to be varied relative to a downstream expansion fan. The relationship between the SWBLI, the expansion fan and the wind tunnel arrangement is studied. Schlieren photography, surface oil flow visualisation, particle image velocimetry and high-spatial-resolution wall pressure measurements are used to investigate the flow. It is observed that stream-normal movement of the shock generator downwards (towards the floor and hence the point of shock reflection) is accompanied by (1) growth in the streamwise extent of the shock-induced boundary layer separation, (2) upstream movement of the shock-induced separation point while the reattachment point remains nearly fixed, (3) an increase in separation shock strength and (4) transition between regular and irregular (Mach) reflection without an increase in incident shock strength. The role of free interaction theory in defining the separation shock angle is considered and shown to be consistent with the present measurements over a short streamwise extent. An SWBLI representation is proposed and reasoned which explains the apparent increase in separation shock strength that occurs without an increase in incident shock strength.
The distinctive theropod assemblage of the Ellisdale site of New Jersey and its implications for North American dinosaur ecology and evolution during the Cretaceous
Authors: Brownstein Chase D.
Published: August 2018

The Cretaceous landmass of Appalachia has preserved an understudied but nevertheless important record of dinosaurs that has recently come under some attention. In the past few years, the vertebrate faunas of several Appalachian sites have been described. One such locality, the Ellisdale site of the Cretaceous Marshalltown Formation of New Jersey, has produced hundreds of remains assignable to dinosaurs, including those of hadrosauroids of several size classes, indeterminate ornithopods, indeterminate theropods, the teeth, cranial, and appendicular elements of dromaeosaurids, ornithomimosaurians, and tyrannosauroids, and an extensive microvertebrate assemblage. The theropod dinosaur record of the Ellisdale site is currently the most extensive and diverse known from the Campanian of Appalachia. Study of the Ellisdale theropod specimens suggests that at least four or more non-avian theropod taxa are represented at the site, including tyrannosauroids, ornithomimosaurs, several different morphotypes of dromaeosaurids that are the first of that clade described from New Jersey, and indeterminate theropods. The specimens are important for increasing current knowledge about the theropod diversity of the Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) during the Campanian by representing the most speciose assemblage of the group during the time in the ACP as well as for shedding light on Appalachian dinosaur ecology and biogeography generally.