bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pyrolysis Behavior of Alkali Lignin Oxygenized by Hydrogen Peroxide in Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride ([BMIm]Cl)
Authors: Yang Zhong Lian , Chen Ming Qiang , Luan Zhong Yi , Zhang Wen Tao
Published: July 2014

In order to make better use of lignin, a mixed solution with isopyknic hydrogen peroxide 30% aqueous solution and an ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIm]Cl) was used to oxygenize alkali lignin from black liquor. The pyrolysis behavior of the treated alkali lignin (Regenerated ALG) was investigated via TGA. The kinetic controlling temperature range of the Regenerated ALG pyrolysis is between 533K and 649K approved by TG/DTG/DTA data, and the dominated pyrolysis is occurred below 574.7K, which was calculated from a kinetics model using Coats-Redfern method with a first order pyrolysis reaction. The activation energy of the Regenerated ALG also reached up to 105.675kJ/mol, which is 2.2 times greater than the non-treated one.
Effect of Carburizing Atmosphere Proportion on Low Temperature Plasma Carburizing of Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Tong Xing Sheng , Zhang Ting , Ye Wei
Published: July 2014

In this study, in order to explore a suitable method to obtain a better wear resistance and corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel, low temperature plasma carburizing technology has been studied. Research on the properties of austenitic stainless steel under different carburizing atmosphere proportion, with hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance as the properties characterization. The results shows that C3H8:H2=1:40 have better properties with the hardness of 950 HV0.05, the friction coefficient of about 0.25, which showed a better wear resistance. And also the corrosion rate of about 20.3g/m2·h showed a better corrosion resistance.
Effects of Texture on the Fracture Mechanism of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy under Dynamic Impact
Authors: Wan Gang , Wu Bao Lin
Published: July 2014

the hot extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy which has basal texture was impacted along different direction and different fracture mode appeared. Under different impacted direction, the basal slip, prismatic slip, pyramidal slip, compression twin and tension twin have different critical resolved shearing stress (CRSS) and Schmid factor. Then different deformation modes were activated and resulted to different fracture modes.
Low Temperature Synthesis of Lanthanum Silicate Apatite Type by Modified Sol Gel Process
Authors: Misso Agatha Matos , Elias Daniel Ricco , dos Santos Fernando , Yamagata Chieko
Published: July 2014

Rare earth silicate apatite type is a very important and promising material for application as an electrolyte in IT-SOFC (Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell). Lanthanum silicate apatite, La9,33Si6O26, exhibits high conductivity and has high efficiency, long term stability, fuel flexibility, low emissions and relatively low cost compared to yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ - yttria stabilized zirconia), at temperatures between 600 to 800 °C. One of the problems of YSZ is its high operating temperature which results in long starting times and problems of mechanical and chemical compatibility. The interest of investigating lanthanum silicate apatite as an electrolyte is to overcome the problems caused by high temperature operation required by YSZ electrolyte. In the present study, sol-gel method was used to synthesize La9,33Si6O26. Initially, the reagents (sodium silicate and lanthanum nitrate) were mixed to obtain colloidal silica. Then, this gel containing lanthanum nitrate was thermally treated to allow the melting of lanthanum nitrate salt distributed on colloidal silica. The aim of this study was to verify if this method permits the formation of La9,33Si6O26 pure apatite phase, in order to obtain fine powders and uniform particles for further processing and obtaining a ceramic body.
Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of ZnO/Nb/ZnO Multilayer Thin Films
Authors: Melo Adolfo Henrique Nunes , Silva Petrucio Barrozo , Macedo Marcelo Andrade
Published: July 2014

ZnO multilayers and pure ZnO thin films were deposited onto glass using a sputtering system, and were subsequently characterized by X-ray diffractometry and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The resistivity of the samples was measured by the four-probe method. All films exhibited preferential orientation along the c-axis and the peak position (002) shifted to a lower position, indicating a reduction in the unit cell size. The pure ZnO thin film exhibited a maximum transmittance of approximately 98%, which decreased as the Nb layer increased, thus increasing the absorbance of the multilayer thin films. The energy band gap decreased as the thickness of the metal increased which higher value was 3.18 eV. The resistivity had a minimum of 0.1 × 10-4 Ω m.
Al2O3 Obtained through Resistive Evaporation for Use as Insulating Layer in Transparent Field Effect Transistor
Authors: Boratto Miguel Henrique , de Andrade Scalvi Luis Vicente , de Oliveira Machado Diego Henrique
Published: July 2014

Alumina thin films have been obtained by resistive evaporation of Al layer, followed by thermal oxidation achieved by annealing in appropriate atmosphere (air or O2-rich), with variation of annealing time and temperature. Optical and structural properties of the investigated films reveal that the temperature of 550°C is responsible for fair oxidation. Results of surface electrical resistivity, Raman and infrared spectroscopies are in good agreement with this finding. X-ray and Raman data also suggest the crystallization of Si nuclei at glass substrate-alumina interface, which would come from the soda-lime glass used as substrate. The main goal in this work is the deposition of alumina on top of SnO2 to build a transparent field-effect transistor. Some microscopy results of the assembled SnO2/Al2O3 heterostructure are also shown.
Multiferroic Properties and Piezoelectric Characterizations of Bismuth Ferrite Based Compounds Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Gotardo Ricardo A.M. , Montanher Diogo , Protzek Otávio A. , Cótica Luiz F. , Santos Ivair A. , Viana Diego S.F. , Nascimento William J. , Garcia Ducinei , Eiras José A.
Published: July 2014

In this work, high dense, single phase ceramics of the 0.3BiFeO3 0.7BaTiO3 multiferroic solid solution were prepared by spark plasma sintering. The structural, microstructural, multiferroic and piezoelectric properties were investigated. The samples presented good magnetic and ferroelectric properties, Pr = 8.3 μC/cm2 and Mr = 0.03 emu/g, with low dielectric AC losses below the ferroelectric transition temperature. The obtained piezoelectric coefficients were determined as d31 = -8.1 pm/V and d33 = 13.5 pm/V.
Characterization of Multilayer Ferroelectric Ceramic Capacitors in a Wide Frequency Range for RF Applications
Authors: Silva Neto Lauro Paulo , Rossi Jose O. , Barroso Joaquim J.
Published: July 2014

Surface mount devices (SMDs) such as multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) have been widely used to reduce the size of electronic circuits as they are mounted directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and are smaller than their through-hole counterparts because SMDs have shorter internal leads or no leads at all. Another advantage of these components is the lower parasitic inductance, which results in a higher resonant frequency. This work reports on the dielectric characterization of four commercial multilayer ceramic capacitors in a broad frequency range from 0.01 GHz to 2 GHz. The dielectric characterization consists of measuring the reflection coefficient S11 (real and imaginary parts) as function of frequency to calculate the permittivity, impedance and loss tangent of the capacitors tested. In addition, dielectric chemical composition is determined using surface X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that MLCCs have a resonance frequency higher than 0.3 GHz depending on the value of their capacitance, making them suitable for use in RF equipment, mobile phones, radars, and microwave electronic circuits.
Word Sense Disambiguation for Improving the Quality of Machine Translation
Authors: Zhang Chun Xiang , Deng Long , Gao Xue Yao , Guo Li Li
Published: July 2014

Word sense disambiguation is key to many application problems in natural language processing. In this paper, a specific classifier of word sense disambiguation is introduced into machine translation system in order to improve the quality of the output translation. Firstly, translation of ambiguous word is deleted from machine translation of Chinese sentence. Secondly, ambiguous word is disambiguated and the classification labels are translations of ambiguous word. Thirdly, these two translations are combined. 50 Chinese sentences including ambiguous words are collected for test experiments. Experimental results show that the translation quality is improved after the proposed method is applied.
Selecting Filter Range of Hybrid Brain-Computer Interfaces by Mutual Information
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Xiong , Zhong Xue Fei , Fan Zhao Wen
Published: July 2014

The hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) based on electroencephalography (EEG) become more and more popular. Motor imagery, steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) and P300 are main training Paradigms. In our previous research, BCI systems based on motor imagery can be extended by speech imagery. However, noise and artifact may be produced by different mental tasks and EEG signals are also different among users, so the classification accuracy can be improved by selecting optimum frequency range for each user. Mutual information (MI) is usually used to choose optimal features. After extracted the features from each narrow frequency range of EEG by common spatial patterns (CSP), the features are assessed by MI. Then, the optimum frequency range can be acquired. The final classification results are calculated by support vector machine (SVM). The average result of optimum frequency range from seven subjects is better than the result of a fixed frequency range.
Web Pages Mining Based on Terms and Formal Concept Analysis
Authors: Yu Bo , Yao Deng Ju , Tang Guang Yi
Published: July 2014

In the face of immense Web pages of WWW, how to extract valuable knowledge from the Internet is a difficult problem. The main research work of this paper was to apply FCA (Formal concept analysis) and Web terms on the Web representing the relationship between Web pages and web terms. We deeply studied how to apply Galois to Web page mining, and used the Java language to design the Web pages mining system. The system uses the constructed Galois lattice to extract potential knowledge of WWW. The results prove that the use of Galois Lattices and Web terms for Web pages mining is feasible.
Research of Low Power Design Strategy Based on IEEE 1801 Unified Power Format
Authors: Cui Shu Ping , Xie Chuang
Published: July 2014

Power consumption is becoming an increasingly important aspect of circuit design. High power consumption can lead to high machine temperature, short battery life which makes laptop electronics difficult to be widely used. IEEE 1801 Unified Power Format (UPF) is designed to express power intent for electronic systems and components .This paper first introduces the power principles, puts forward the approaches to reduce power consumption according to UPF, and then demonstrates the Synopsys design flow based on UPF, finally gives the power report and makes a conclusion.
The Research of Information Monitoring System for Whole Producing Process Model
Authors: Min Zhang , Huang Wei Zhong , Li Han Xi
Published: July 2014

With the rapid development of science and technology, the popularization and application of new technology and administration of production safety level, the original monitoring and control system is showing more and more disadvantages, already can't satisfy the needs of safe production. In this paper, based on the current production process of the main business of Hangzhou cigarette factory manufacturing, it establishes corresponding cigarette production process model, the production information monitoring system overall design of the whole process, and the relevant software system structure and function design, in order to realize the reasonable production test of merge and quick positioning.
Massive Data Analysis Based MapReduce Structure on Hadoop System
Authors: Xu Yi Qiao
Published: July 2014

Massive Data analysis is becoming increasingly prominent in a variety of application fields ranging from scientific studies to business researches. In this paper, we demonstrate the necessity and possibility of using MapReduce [1] module on Hadoop System [2]. Furthermore, we conducted MapReduce module to implement Clustering Algorithms [3] on our Hadoop System [4] and improved the efficiency of the Clustering Algorithms sharply. We showed how to design parallel clustering algorithms based on Hadoop System. Experiments by different size of data demonstrate that our purposed clustering algorithms have good performance on speed-up, scale-up and size-up. So, it is suitable for big data mining and analysis.
Lp-Type of Weighted Fuzzy Number Metrics Induced by Fuzzy Structured Element
Authors: Zhao Fei , Guo Si Zong
Published: July 2014

For the objective fact that elements with different membership degrees should have different contribution to the metric measure between fuzzy numbers, this paper presents Lp-type of fuzzy number metrics weighted by structured element. Firstly, we define a metric weighted by structured element on the family (B[-1,1]) of all the same monotone and standard bounded functions on closed interval [-1,1] , and discuss the completeness and separability of those metric spaces; Next, using the fuzzy functional induced by normal fuzzy structured element, we give out a method that the metric of the closed bounded fuzzy number space is induced by the metric on function space B[-1,1]. Furthermore, a fuzzy number metric weighted by structured element which is induced by is presented ,and analyze completeness and separability of the induced fuzzy number metric spaces; Lastly, the difference and relationship between and the metric defined by traditional method are shown.
General Digital Image Processing Circuit and its Applications
Authors: Fan Yong Jie , Chen Hua
Published: July 2014

In this paper, the design and architecture of general digital image processing circuit (GFDIPC) based on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA processor is presented. The GFDIPC applications on thermal imaging, image fusion, real-time video stabilization and time-delay test for image processing system are described. The design of FPGA in each application follows the principle of functional modularity, pipeline processing and parallel computing, which brings FPGA high efficiency and high real-time performance.
A Design of High Performance CMOS Folded Cascode Operational Amplifier
Authors: Wang Zhe Fei , Cao Yi Jiang , Feng Ju Meng
Published: July 2014

This paper describes a kind of folded cascode amplifier, which not only has high gain, large output swing characteristics, and its outputs can be self-compensation, it has a strong suppression capability with voltage noise. Based on a 0.5μm CMOS process uses two operational amplifiers. Through software emulation corrected the error which was caused by theoretical calculation. Has good performance in gain, noise, swing, phase margin, common mode rejection ratio and other parameters.
A Novel Rapid Full-View Measuring Method by Coded Structured Light
Authors: Wu Hai Bin , Tian Liang , Wang Bei Yi , Liu Chao , Wang Yan , Wang Zhen Yu
Published: July 2014

Point cloud registration is necessary to acquire full-view data in coded SL three-dimensional measurement, based on single-view measured data. Aiming at surface feature of metal parts or human body, matching point pair construction principle, and transition matrix optimization method are analyzed. First, auxiliary-stereo-target registration principle and device are presented to establish matching point pair, and least-squares ill solution and iterative misconvergence caused by coplanar matching points can be avoided. Second, ICP method is adopted for acquiring transition matrix, and then mismatch point pair rejection method based on orthogonal Gray code principle is designed to increase iterative convergence. Experimental results show, registration error is about 0.8mm, close to that of global camera method and higher than that of surface method. This method has no influence on measured surface, and simplifies measurement device.
Diffusion-Substitution Mechanism for Color Image Encryption Based on Multiple Chaotic Systems
Authors: Zhang Tie Jun , El-Latif Ahmed A. Abd , Amin Mohamed , Zaghloul Alaa
Published: July 2014

In this paper, a new color image encryption mechanism based on multiple chaotic systems is proposed. In the proposal, two modules are achieved by mixing the features of horizontally and vertically adjacent pixels with the help of adopted multiple chaotic systems, respectively. Then, substitution/confusion is accomplished by generating an intermediate chaotic key stream image based on the adopted chaotic maps. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is able to manage the trade-offs between the speed performance and security requirements.
Video Segmentation Algorithm Based on Improved Kirsch Edge Operator and Three-Frame Difference
Authors: Chen Chun Yu , Zhao Ming Yue
Published: July 2014

For the most commonly used method of are susceptible to noise, it is difficult to extract a complete moving target . Aiming at this problem, we propose a video segmentation algorithm through the combination of an improved Kirsch edge operator and the three-frame difference. Firstly, we got a moving region through a differential by the three consecutive image frames, and then got the edge on the current frame using an improved Kirsch edge detection operator, Synthesis of the two test results, we got a more accurate moving object edges. Then using the edge connector algorithm to complete the connection of the fracture edge, and finally, got moving target mask image through regional filling, thereby dividing the complete moving target, thus dividing the complete moving target. Experimental results show that the algorithm has a certain robustness, and can accurately detect moving targets.
Design and Implementation of Digital Communication Platform Based on FPGA/DSP
Authors: Zhou Sheng Guo , Shang Wen Jing , Wang Nan , Rublev Victor
Published: July 2014

A method to design and implement digital communication platform was in introduced in this paper. The platform based on software radio method can change modulation method conveniently without the change of hardware system because it used FPGA and DSP to do modulation and signal process. The QPSK modulation and demodulation was implemented in the platform to test this platform.
A Novel DFT-Based Channel Estimation for LTE-A Uplink
Authors: Wang Ling , Ye Fang , Li Yi Bing , Xia Yu
Published: July 2014

Conventional DFT-based channel estimations suppress the noise by a cut-off filter in time domain. However, the potentially suffer significant performance loss due to the energy leakage. In this paper, based on the detailed analysis of the channel impulse response (CIR) leakage in the LTE-A uplink system, a novel discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based channel estimation algorithm is proposed. This algorithm estimates the average noise power in frequency domain to get a noise threshold, which is then used in time domain to eliminate the noise by DFT and reduce the spectrum leakage. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the BER performance, and has a moderate complexity compared to existing DFT based algorithms.
Low-Cost and Modularized Test Bench for Focal Plane Array
Authors: Chen Xi Qu , Lv Qiang
Published: July 2014

In this paper, a low-cost and modularized test bench for microbolometric focal plane array is proposed. Based on the analysis of driving microbolometric focal plane array, we have set up the simple test bench. The test bench consists of four major modules: optical part, driving sequence timer, power supply and signal processing board, and data analyzer. Each module in the test bench is reconfigurable and the driving sequence timer is programmable in system. The proposed test bench is low-cost and has been applied to practical microbolometric focal plane arrays in our laboratory.
Based on the Jerk System Phase Space Division of the Study of the Method
Authors: Yi Jie , An Li Min , Li Duo Hui , Tian Jia Yu , Wang Xue Hang , Liu Chun Xia
Published: July 2014

Existing vortices volumes of chaotic signal control and create just increase the limitations of system complexity, and put forward the phase space vortex roll signal control alone method. The first use of Simulink Jerk system established the visualization model, Jerk system to delay feedback control, get the phase space of track not at the intersection of vortices roll chaotic attractor, then puts forward two methods-tracking method and the balance point estimate method is to make sure that each vortex roll attractor parameter range of chaos, realized the phase space of vortices volume control signal path, finally, to phase space area division, given the division standard and regional boundary, mathematical model of that work for more into the study of the method of chaotic modulation system to provide a idea and may.
Key Technology Research Based on the Smart Home BSNs
Authors: Wang Chun Ying , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2014

In recent years, Mobile computing and intelligent household hot topic, more and more get the attention of people. The current smart home systems for self-help to collect information about the indoor environment, at the same time can also interact with the user, but the system when the user needs to send control commands always spend time learning about the current state of household environment, manual control will become a kind of bondage. So this paper using a user activity recognition system based on smart phone, its main function is based on the current user on sensor information to obtain the user's current activity, the current environment control command. Combining the system and smart home system, family equipment according to the user's activities independently adjust to cooperate with users, users are more focused on the main transaction processing. This paper will be focused on energy saving problem, smart home system based on smart phone user activity recognition and the coordination between them.
Design of Induced Power Supply System for On-Line Monitoring Device of Power Cable
Authors: Wei Xin Lao , Zhu Bo , Pang Bing , Liu Tong , Wang Song , Li Rui Hai
Published: July 2014

The paper described a sort of power supply system featured as a hybrid of Rogowski coil, super capacitor and Li-battery. The proposed power supply obtains energy from the magnetic field induced by installing a Rocowski coil on the cable. The design of the power supply system is introduced in the paper. The results of test show that the power supply system can provide a stable ±12V, +5V voltage to the on-line monitoring devices.
The Measurement of DC Electric Field for Transformer Oil System Based on the Kerr Electro-Optic Effect
Authors: Shen Tao , Hu Chao , Song Ming Xin , Wei Xin Lao , Yang Qian Ru
Published: July 2014

This study presents a effective approach for the measurement of electric field in liquid dielectric with small Kerr constant based on the principle of Kerr electro-optic effect. In the paper, the distribution of electric field in transformer oil is measured of different electrode materials below 30KV. According to experiments it can be concluded that the intensity of light corresponds with the electric field between the two parallel-plane electrodes in test cell in a certain range of the voltage applied. The conclusion reveals that the distribution and variation tendency of the electric field between the two electrodes can be drawn by the analysis of the light intensity.
Coal Mine Safety Monitoring System Based on ZigBee
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Hong Quan , Zhang Zi Hong
Published: July 2014

A methane monitoring system, consisting of methane sensor nodes and controllers with ZigBee networks between them, has been investigated for coal mine safety. The nodes were in comparatively flexible position. While not working, the nodes were put into hibernation so as to low consumption. While working, the sensor KGS-20 detected methane and sent voltage to CC2430 to carry on A/D conversion. After data processing by CC2430, the node would alarm and display and transmit data to its controller. The controller transmitted data to monitoring station by CAN bus. In experiment a sensor node was put in methane with eight different concentrations and the results were shown in LCD. The results show that all errors are all less than 0.05% and its average error is 0.023%. The errors are accordance with the rules for error range in coal mine.
Hydrogel Coated Long Period Grating Sensor for High Relative Humidity Measurement
Authors: Yu Xiu Juan , Zhang Jin Tao , Chen Xue Feng , Liu Sheng Chun
Published: July 2014

A very sensitive hydrogel coated long period grating (LPG) humidity sensor is developed and experimentally investigated for high relative humidity monitoring. A thin-film of PINPAM hydrogel is deposited onto the cladding of LPG by using dip-coating technique. The transmission spectrum of the coated LPG is studied at different humidity levels. For humidity levels greater than 95%, the resonant dip depth suffers a sharp linear increase with a span of 10.26 dB and the resonant wavelength suffers a redshift of 8.6nm.The proposed hydrogel coated LPG humidity sensor shows a high sensitivity of 2.86dB/%RH at high relative humidity region.
Piezoelectric Resonant Temperature Sensor
Authors: Yu Yao , Xu Jun , Ma Jing , Chen Hai Yan
Published: July 2014

This paper describes a piezoelectric resonant tuning fork designed for temperature sensor. The sensor is based on a directly detection and analyses of relationship between frequency shift and temperature change. The main working components of quartz tuning fork temperature sensor are quartz tuning fork resonator (QTFR) and driving circuit, according to the piezoelectric effect principle of quartz crystal, researching on correlative incentive mode, selecting cut type and setting electrodes reasonably, and applying finite element method and Matlab to simulate and analyze the vibration mode as well as temperature and frequency characteristic. The experimental result indicates that the sensitivity of this sensor can reach 70ppm/°C in the temperature range from -30 to 100°C, it guarantees that precision is 0.05°C, the resolution is 0.02°C, and the response time is 4S.
The Equal Precision Measurement Data Processing System Based on Virtual Instrument
Authors: Zhang Ling Fei , Wang Sheng Yu
Published: July 2014

During quantitative analysis on measured object by using equal precision measurement method, there remains certain difference between the measuring result and truth value due to the impact on measuring method, measuring tools and measuring environment. In order to reduce measurement error, we usually make continuous equal precision measurements on the measured object repeatedly. Then we get the final result by theoretical calculations, error analysis and dispose on measurement data. The data processing shows complicated and error-prone .But now we take computer as a carrier, then combining with virtual instrument technology to accomplish the data-processing system. It can cover the manual computation shortage and can take humanization disposal on measurement data. Moreover, the results can show with multi-mode intuitively.
Community Based of CHP Microgrid Optimal Operation
Authors: Li Rui , Li Peng
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a community-based CHP microgrid model for optimal operation. The model introduces a microgrid controller and consumption parameters, and that the existing restrictions, the optimization of microgrid operation.bacterial foraging optimization(BFO) algorithm was used to develop microgrid problems. Test results show the effectiveness of the model micro-grid operation.
Research on Temporal Fire Distribution of Shipboard-Gun Neutralization Firing Anti-Shore
Authors: Liang De Qing , Sun Xu Wen , Wang Hui Chuan , Wang De Hu , Tian Feng
Published: July 2014

In order to satisfy the need of automatic decision-making while shipboard-gun oppressive fire to the shore, This paper research the problem of shipboard-gun temporal fire distribution .This paper put forward the elements of oppressive fire distribution and solve out the calculation of every oppressive fire distribution elements(such as quick-firing’s quantity, surveillance firing’s quantity, every quick-firing’s ammunition wastage, every surveillance firing’s ammunition wastage and firing occasion). It could provide technical support for the realization of automatic decision-making while shipboard-gun suppression firing anti-shore.
Study on a New Algorithm for Tracking Ballistic Missile in Free Flight Phase
Authors: Chen Chu Xin , Zhou De Yun
Published: July 2014

This paper presents an application of a new adaptive filtering algorithm based on a standard earth ellipsoid model in tracking ballistic missile in free flight phase. The traditional Extended Kalman Filtering algorithm (EKF) has defect in two aspects: 1) observation values applied in observation equation mainly include azimuth, pitch angle and radial distance (or radial velocity), without Doppler frequency; 2) Jacobi matrix of the system needs to be calculated, and high nonlinearization could result in degradation of calculation precision. In this paper, an algorithm used for tracking ballistic missile in free flight phase which is based on UKF observation equation with Doppler frequency is presented. The algorithm has been applied in hybrid coordinate system of the standard earth ellipsoid model (the earth is assumed as an ellipsoid planet). It has higher tracking precision compared with EKF algorithm. Monte Carlo simulation conducted to model ballistic missile in free flight phase by using MATLAB software justified the efficacy and the reasonableness of the new algorithm.
Full Scan Structure Application in the Design of 16 Bit MCU
Authors: Pan Hong Bo , Song Ming Xin , Jin Xing , Yin Jing Hua
Published: July 2014

A design project of 16 bit RISC MCU with full scan structure by the tool of SYNOPSYSTM DFT COMPILER. The flip-flops can be linked into the chains; the memory modules in the MCU were tested by the technology of BIST; and the circuits were tested by the test vectors by ATPG. The chip test circuit include 8 chains, and cover rate can reach at 99.20%.
Study on Feature Extraction of Ship Radiated Noise Based on Cepstrum and Anti-Noise Property
Authors: Zhan Shuai
Published: July 2014

Line spectrum is one kind of important feature information of the ship radiated noise, which provides a strong basis for the ship detection and identification. Due to the complexity of marine environment and the special nature of underwater acoustic channel,it is difficult to obtain ship radiated noise’ signals from the complex background noise. Under this situation, this paper proposed the cepstrum as the extraction method of obtaining feature information of the ship radiated noise, and the robust to noise performance was analyzed and compared. The analysis’ result shows that the method is simple, which is able to accurately extract feature line spectrum and shows good robust to noise.
MgAl/PbPc/Cu Organic Thin-Film Diode Preparation and Gas-Sensing Characteristics Analysis
Authors: Chen Jia Bin , Yu Ping , Zhang Yue , Shan Yue , Wang Dong Xing
Published: July 2014

Thin-film diode structure is MgAl/PbPc/Cu if lead phthalocyanine is taken as organic semiconductor gas-sensing material with methods such as vacuum thermal evaporation or magnetron sputtering. Use Keithley 4200 semiconductor instrument and Gas-sensing measurement system to analyze gas-sensing characteristic of Schottky diode device, the sensitive degree of NO2 with different density can be compared through theoretical analysis of measured current and voltage data. The measurement result shows: when the device is placed in 10ppm NO2 environment, after 74 minutes, forward current is decreased by 65 times, the corresponding MgAl/PbPc Schottky barrier height rises about 20meV. Reversed current of the device is 4 times larger because the increase of minority carrier electron number in PbPc thin-film is being absorbed by NO2.
Analysis to Milling Force Base on AdvantEdge Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhang Fu Cai , Wang Qing , Yang Ru
Published: July 2014

Aiming at NC milling processing simulation problem, a ball-end cutter milling force model is established, the numerical simulation analysis of aluminum alloy AL2024 milling process is conducted by using the finite element analysis software AdvantEdge finite element analysis. Focus on the Milling force simulation, the size of the milling force is obtained by simulating calculation. Using the same cutting parameters for milling experiment, the results show that simulation analysis of the cutting force values ​​are in good agreement with the experimental results，the milling force model prior established is correct. The research laid a foundation for the perfect CNC milling simulation system.
Characteristics Research of New Type Silicon Magnetic Sensitivity Transistor Differential Structure by ATLAS
Authors: Zhao Xiao Feng , Guan Han Yu , Sui Huan , Wen Dian Zhong
Published: July 2014

According to the experimental results of new type silicon magnetic sensitivity transistor (SMST), the simulation models of new type SMSTs with different base region lengths and widths were established by ATLAS software. The simulation results of optimizing the geometric parameters demonstrate that the max collector current relative magnetic sensitivity can be achieved when the base region length and width are 170 μm and 30 μm, and the simulation model of the differential structure of new type SMST was established based on it. The simulation results indicate that the max collector current relative magnetic sensitivity is 322％/T for new type SMST differential structure when the base currents are 5.0 mA and the collector voltages are 5.0 V, and it can improve the magnetic sensitivity and ameliorate temperature characteristics.
Structure and Property Stability of Rapidly Solidified In-Sn γ-Phase Alloy
Authors: Wang Jing Ze , Liu Ming Lu , Li Da Yong
Published: July 2014

The crystallization characteristics of the binary alloys which have InSn4 intermetallic compounds(IMC) were investigated.The influence which high undercooling had caused to the process of lattice formation,the lattice evolution in the later period of solidification,the stabilization process of the alloy property were mainly studied.The results show that the solute redistribution is restrained intensely in the rapidly solidified condition,the components of InSn4 IMC distribute uniformly,the highly undercooling structure have small sub-grain structure.X-ray diffraction analysis show that strong (0001) texture is formed in the alloys,EBSD analysis show that many sub-boundaries exist in the grains.While these unstable structures have an isothermal annealing between 20~140oC,the texure feature of the alloys weaken,and at the same time the microhardness lower in varying degrees.
Influcing Factor Research of Kerr Effect
Authors: Guo Run Lin , Sun Ning Ning , Song Ming Xin , Liu Qian
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a model of Kerr effect for the influencing factors research. The influencing factors proposed are Kerr cell voltage, charging duration time and electrode material. The experimental results show that refractive index of transformer oil will rise when Kerr cell voltage become larger; There is a period of 15 minutes called ‘polarization time’ after the beginning of the experiment and electrode material indeed has an obvious effect on the transformer oil.
Analysis of Electric Field Homogenization of Converter Transformer Barrier System Based on Nano Modification of Pressboard
Authors: Chen Qing Guo , Liu He Qian , Zhuge Xiang Li , Chi Ming He , Wei Xin Lao
Published: July 2014

In order to solve the problem of non-uniform electric field distribution in converter transformer barrier system caused by conductivity difference between the transformer oil and pressboard, the SiC(silicon carbide) modified pressboard was developed by nano doping method. The conductivity of modified pressboard was measured. The measuring results show that the conductivity of modified pressboard increases exponentially with the increase of nano SiC doping ratio. The electric field strength has obvious influence on conductivity at high nano doping ratio, which shows great nonlinear characteristic. Based on the nonlinear conductivity characteristic of modified pressboard, the homogenizing effect of the nano modified pressboard on electric field distribution was verified by simulation. The simulation results show that the electric field distribution under DC and polarity reversal voltage in barrier system can be well homogenized by using the nonlinear characteristic of nano modified pressboard.
Research on Seasonal Index Based on Dynamic Clustering of the Daily Railway Passenger Flow Title
Authors: Wei Zheng Zheng , Wang Fu Zhang
Published: July 2014

The railway passenger flow is greatly impacted by different months and weeks of the season, and the impact is periodic. Accurate evaluation of the seasonal index for predicting the railway passenger flow is of key importance. Based on this background, the paper proposes an algorithm for calculating the seasonal index which is impacted by both months and weeks. The railway passenger flow between different OD(Origination Destination) is affected by months and weeks quite different. Therefore the paper focuses on the method for effective calculation of the month index and week index on the basis of time series clustering. When adopting hierarchical cluster, general Euclidean distance and its expansion used as a similarity metric is widely applied in time series comparison, however, this distance measurement is not robust enough for the processed data. Dynamic time warping is a pattern matching algorithm based on nonlinear dynamic programming technique. It is applied to calculate month and week index to get seasonal index that defined in this paper, which has good application value for predicting the passenger flow.
Simulation Analysis and Implementation of Two - Phase Interleaved Boost Converter with Ripple Steering for Power Factor Correction
Authors: Rexy A. Inba , Seyezhai R.
Published: July 2014

By employing the power factor corrected circuits the supply current will tend to follow the supply voltage. Hence both are in phase with each other. Single-stage interleaved AC–DC converter with ripple steering technique is proposed in this paper to reduce line current harmonics and to improve the supply power factor. Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) topology with ripple steering technique is analysed here. The proposed IBC with ripple steering is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the performance parameters such as supply Harmonics, Power Factor (PF) and Distortion Factor (DF) are computed and compared with conventional topology. Experimental results show the advantages and flexibilities of the proposed method.
Investigation of Heat Transfer Performance of Nanofluids on Conical Solar Collector under Dynamic Condition
Authors: Vijayan G. , Giridharan S. , Karunakaran R.
Published: July 2014

Heat transfer improvement in solar operated devices is one of the key issues of energy saving and compact designs. Researches in heat transfer have been carried out over the past several decades, culminating in the development of the heat transfer techniques used at present. The use of additives is a technique employed to enhance the heat transfer performance of base fluids. Recently, an innovative material, nanosized particle has been used in suspension in conventional heat transfer fluids that changes the heat transfer characteristic. In this project, an attempt has been made to verify change in heat transfer behavior while using nanofluids. For this purpose, a conical solar collector has been designed, constructed using locally available sheet steel. Polyurethane foam material is used as a insulating liner inside the cone. Thin reflective aluminum sheet is used to focus the solar radiation onto the absorbing surface. The main objective of this paper is to study the heat transfer behavior of Al2O3, Cu2O and ZnO nanofluid and especially Al2O3 nanofluid of various concentrations in absorber space of conical solar collector. Experimental study was conducted on different days and the data were recorded. The results obtained show that addition of nanoparticles in the base fluid, improve the heat transfer rate.
Waste Heat Recovery Using Matrix Heat Exchanger from the Exhaust of an Automobile Engine for Heating Car’s Passenger Cabin
Authors: Muthusamy P. , Senthil Kumar P.
Published: July 2014

The main objective of our work is to analysis the heat transfer rate for various fluids with different matrix heat exchanger (MHE) models and flow characteristic in matrix heat exchanger by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package with small car. The amount of heat carried by the cold fluid from hot fluid is mainly depends upon the mass flow rate of the working fluid. The heat transfer area per unit volume of tube is more. So, it increases the temperature of the cold fluid. Here, the hot and cold fluids are moving in the alternate tubes of heat exchanger in the counter flow direction. The small amounts of pressure drop are occurred but which is less compared to existing model. Flow disturbances are rectified in the MHE through the modifications made. Since, silicon carbide material is used as a polishing material to avoid the deposit of carbon at the inner side of the flow passage and this waste heat energy is used for heating passenger cabin during winter season. The wood is used as an insulating material to avoid the heat flow from fluid to atmosphere.
Keywords-Heat transfer rate, Matrix heat exchanger, Working fluid, Polishing material.
Effect of Header Design on Pressure Drop in Microchannel Heat Sink for MEMS Applications
Authors: Anbumeenakshi Chelliah , Thansekhar M.R. , Radhakrishnan M.
Published: July 2014

Experiments have been performed to investigate the pressure drop in the microchannel heat sink by varying the cross sectional shape of the header at the inlet and at the outlet for two types of arrangement U type and Z type. The experiments are performed by using deionized water as a coolant for a mass flow rate of 50 – 120 kg/hr and Reynolds number of range 100 - 600 in an Al microchannel rectangular heat sink with 25 numbers of parallel microchannels. Experiment was carried out to find the suitable inlet and outlet header combination for both U type heat sink and Z type heat sink. The various cross sectional shapes used in this micro channel are triangular, trapezoidal and rectangular.
Comparative Studies on Various Turbulent Models with Liquid Rocket Nozzle through Computational Tool
Authors: Tanveer N.K. Mohamad , Mohanraj Chandran , Jegadeesan K. , Maruthupandiyan S.
Published: July 2014

Supersonic flows associated with missiles, aircraft, missile engine intake and rocket nozzles are often steady. In this present work, the computational analysis was conducted on C-D (convergent –divergent) nozzle for understanding the flow regime with various flow properties such as velocity and various turbulent models (spalert almaras, K-ε and K-ω). The Scale down model of C-D nozzle was chosen for this study and it was modelled computationally with Gambit software package. In this integrated component model, the inlet flow is assumed a two-dimensional, steady, compressible, turbulent and supersonic. The physics based mathematical model of the considered flow consists of conservation of mass, momentum and energy equations subject to appropriate boundary conditions as defined by the physical problem stated above. The system of the governing equations with turbulent effects is solved numerically using different turbulence models to demonstrate their numerical accuracy in predicting the characteristics of turbulent gas flow in such complex geometry. Fluent software package was used for solving gas flow equations with turbulence models. The Mach number was chosen for different cases of analyses were 1.2, 1.5 and
2. For each case, different turbulence were engaged and solved and all the results were compared
finally.
Enhanced OPF for DG Penetrated Power System Network under Variable Load Conditions
Authors: Sivakumar P. , Rajapandiyan Arumugam
Published: July 2014

In modern power systems, distributed generation turns out to be progressively significant. Conversely, the growing utilize of distributed generators origins the concerns on the growing system hazard owing to their probable breakdown or unruly power productivity based on such renewable energy sources as wind and the sun. Power contribution at the required proportion by the grids is the chief performance consideration which depends upon the penetration of distributed generation and the accessibility of conventional sources during the load transform. In this paper, the projected approach is that the essential load power is divided evenly between the grids composed of Distributed Generation (DG) units and the utility based on the PSO algorithm during the load transform. A case study is carried out based on the New England test system (10-Generator-39-Bus) as a standard by using Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.
Intruder Identification Using Footprint Recognition with PCA and SVM Classifiers
Authors: Kumar V.D. Ambeth , Kumar V.D. Ashok , Malathi S. , Jagaeedesh P.
Published: July 2014

In modern digital era authentication has been done using biometric recognition. This biometric includes finger print, footprint, facial recognition, DNA of a person’s gene, hand palm print and eye’s iris recognition. The widely used among these is finger print and iris recognition. In this work we proposed a biometric recognition using footprints of a person. Earlier work deals with capturing footprint on a paper or on a surface. This won’t give us accurate foot print, since it depends on nature of the surface, quality of the paper and proper placement of the foot to give good foot print impression. To avoid all these we proposed a touch less method to obtain foot prints. The footprint can be obtained using any digital camera. We can take footprint image in many angles to conform the individuality of a person. In this work we used Principle Component Analysis (PCA) for pattern recognition and feature extraction. Then the SVM classifier split the patterns in to relevant classes. In early stage of our work itself we got remarkable quality and it is comparatively better than conventional footprint images obtained using paper or surface
Microstructural Studies of Aluminium 7075-Silicon Carbide-Alumina Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Rajeswari B. , Amirthagadeswaran K.S. , Ramya K.
Published: July 2014

The modern development in the field of science and technology has created a demand for many advanced engineering materials. In recent days, aluminium related metal matrix composite is a probable material for many applications such as transport, aerospace, marine and automobile applications. In this paper, experiments were conducted on composite having various weight fractions of SiC and Al2O3 particulates fabricated by stir casting method. Characterization studies were conducted on the Al 7075 alloy and composite samples to assess the hardness and microstructural properties. Final samples were tested for hardness using vickers hardness machine. Microstructure examination was conducted by optical microscope. Microstructure of the composite samples reveals the presence and homogeneous distribution of reinforcements in the Al 7075 matrix. The hardness of aluminium metal matrix composites was increased due to the addition of silicon carbide and alumina reinforcements.