bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis following hydroxyurea treatment: A case report
Authors: Romagnuolo Maurizio , Riva Davide , Alberti Violetti Silvia , Di Benedetto Alessandra , Barberi Francesco , Moltrasio Chiara
Published: November 2022

Porokeratosis encompass a group of acquired and familial, preneoplastic, keratinization disorders, clinically characterized by atrophic macules or patches with a peripheral keratotic rim, the cornoid lamella. Genetic background is recognized as crucial in its pathophysiology, while immunosuppression and ultraviolet radiation represent triggering factors. We report the case of a woman who developed disseminate superficial actinic porokeratosis following the intake of hydroxyurea for a polycythaemia vera. Clinical, dermoscopic and histopathology data are showed, and the role of drug as a second‐hit mutation trigger is discussed.
Job characteristics, job attitudes and employee withdrawal behaviour: A latent change score approach
Authors: van Ruysseveldt Joris , van Dam Karen , Verboon Peter , Roberts Anouk
Published: November 2022

Employee withdrawal is a critical issue for organisations and has been the topic of extensive research. Although much turnover research used between‐person designs, this study focused on the impact of within‐person changes in job characteristics on job attitudes and withdrawal behaviour, using the challenge‐hindrance stressor as our main theoretical framework. The focus was on the job characteristics workload (a challenge stressor), emotional demands (a hindrance stressor) and autonomy (a job resource) and on positive (dedication) and negative (organisational cynicism) job attitudes as process variables. Latent change score modelling based on data of 1530 Dutch employees collected in three waves across 2 years showed that changes in workload, emotional demands and autonomy resulted in changes in organisational cynicism, which, in turn, related to changes in turnover intentions, but not absenteeism. Changes in autonomy were related to changes in dedication, which, in turn, were associated with changes in turnover intentions, but not absenteeism. This study highlights the importance of investigating within‐person changes in job characteristics in explaining changes in job attitudes and employee withdrawal behaviour. From a practical perspective, this study shows how job design affects dedication and organisational cynicism and hence can contribute to combat employee withdrawal behaviour.
The impact of government partisanship on social policy in a young democracy: The case of South Korea
Authors: Kim Won Sub , Yu Jin‐Sook , Nam Yuncheol
Published: November 2022

This article investigates the impact of government partisanship on social policy developments in South Korea. Social policy developments of the center‐left Kim Dae‐Jung government and the conservative Lee Myung‐Bak government are compared using mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. The comparison demonstrates that each government is distinctive in its welfare expenditures as well as welfare ideology and reforms. The welfare reforms instituted by the Kim government strengthened the social security‐centered welfare state. In contrast, the Lee government commoditized labor and strengthened the free market logic in the welfare delivery system. Despite the impacts of partisanship, both governments dealing with economic crises and interacting with social movements were required to expand social policy. Consequently, the policy differences between the governments turned out to be less pronounced than expected. This article suggests that the party difference theory, which considers socioeconomic and political constraints, could explain crucial parts of social policy outputs in South Korea.
Trends in oral anticoagulant use in patients with atrial fibrillation in Belgium from 2013 to 2019: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Grymonprez Maxim , De Backer Tine L. , Capiau Andreas , Vauterin Delphine , Mehuys Els , Boussery Koen , Steurbaut Stephane , Lahousse Lies
Published: November 2022

Aim

Non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are increasingly preferred over vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) management. However, differences in oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescribing according to patient's age, sex and physician's specialty may be present. Therefore, incident and prevalent use of OACs, NOACs and VKAs, stratified by age, sex and prescriber, and factors associated with the choice of OAC were investigated.

Methods

Using two Belgian nationwide healthcare databases, AF patients ≥45 years old with ≥1 OAC prescription claim between 2013 and 2019 were identified. OAC use was investigated per half‐year. Factors influencing NOAC vs. VKA initiation were identified by multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Among 448 661 included OAC‐treated AF patients, 297 818 were newly treated. Incident OAC use ranged from 45–49 to 42–44 users/10 000 persons between 2013 and 2019, whereas prevalent OAC use increased from 337 to 435 users/10 000 persons. Incident and prevalent NOAC use exceeded VKA use since 2013 and 2015, respectively, and NOACs represented 92% of incident and 81% of prevalent OAC users in 2019. Apixaban was the most frequently used NOAC since 2016. NOACs were significantly more prescribed by cardiologists and to older patients, whereas VKAs were more initiated in patients with cardiovascular, renal and hepatic comorbidities. Prevalent OAC use increased less in women than men (25.3% vs. 33.0% between 2013 and 2019) and female subjects had 5% significantly lower odds of NOAC vs. VKA initiation than men.

Conclusion

Since 2013, prevalent anticoagulant use increased almost one third in Belgium, while incident use was stable. Potential (N)OAC underuse in women requires further exploration.
Response to the ISSCR guidelines on human–animal chimera research
Authors: Koplin Julian J.
Published: November 2022

The International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) has recently released the 2021 update of its guidelines. The update includes detailed new recommendations on human–animal chimera research. This paper argues that the ISSCR recommendations fail to address the core ethical concerns raised by neurological chimeras—namely, concerns about moral status. In minimising moral status concerns, the ISSCR both breaks rank with other major reports on human–animal chimera research and rely on controversial claims about the grounds of moral status that many people will rightly reject. A more robust framework for regulating human–animal chimera research still needs to be developed.
Bioactivity‐based molecular networking‐guided identification of guttiferone J from Garcinia cambogia as an anti‐obesity candidate
Authors: Feng Zheling , Chen Jiali , Chen Cheng , Feng Lu , Wang Rui , Zhu Jianzhong , Lou Ruohan , Liu Jia , Ye Yang , Lin Ligen
Published: November 2022

Background and Purpose

Pharmacological intervention to induce browning of white adipose tissue provides a promising anti‐obesity therapy. The fruits of Garcinia cambogia (Clusiaceae) have been widely applied to manage body weight; however, the chemical principles remain unclear. The current study aims to discover browning inducers from the fruits of G. cambogia and investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Experimental Approach

The bioactivity‐based molecular networking and Oil Red O staining on 3T3‐L1 and C3H10T1/2 adipocytes were applied for guided isolation. High‐fat diet‐induced obese mice were recruited to evaluate the anti‐obesity activity.

Key Results

The bioactivity‐based molecular networking‐guided isolation yielded several polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from the fruits of G. cambogia with lipid‐lowering effect in adipocytes, including guttiferone J (GOJ), garcinol and 14‐deoxygarcinol. As the most potent one, GOJ (10 μM) reduced lipid accumulation by 70% and 76% in 3T3‐L1 and C3H10T1/2 adipocytes, respectively. Furthermore, GOJ (2.5–10 μM) increased the expression of the deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and activated it, which, in turn, reduced the acetylation level of PPARγ coactivator‐1α to boost mitochondrial biogenesis and promoted uncoupling protein 1 expression to enhance thermogenesis, resulting in browning of adipocytes. In high‐fat diet‐induced‐obese mice, GOJ (10 and 20 mg·kg−1·day−1 for 12 weeks) protected against adiposity, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance and liver lipotoxicity, through boosting SIRT3‐mediated browning of inguinal adipose tissue.

Conclusion and Implications

GOJ represents a new scaffold of thermogenic inducer, which is responsible for the anti‐obesity property of G. cambogia and can be further developed as a candidate for treating obesity and its related disorders.
Learning language in vivo
Authors: Casillas Marisa
Published: November 2022

In this article, I advocate for an enriched view of children's linguistic input, with the aim of building sustainable and tangible links between theoretical models of language development and families' everyday experiences. Children's language experiences constrain theoretical models in ways that may illuminate universal learning biases. However, more than that, these experiences provide a staggering array of test cases and demonstrate the stage‐setting effects of situational, familial, and societal context on language use and uptake. Centering on activity type as an entry point into context, I outline an approach—which I refer to as language in vivo—that draws on both big‐ and small‐data methods to generate grounded, informative, and representative descriptions of children's input. Minimally, this approach complements recent work that uses more bundled input measures. Maximally, an in vivo approach could inspire new questions, insights, and innovations to broaden the coverage and application of theoretical models to individual communities and families.
A multicenter randomized controlled clinical pilot study of buccally micro‐veneered lithium‐disilicate and zirconia crowns supported by titanium base abutments: 1‐year outcomes
Authors: Strasding Malin , Hicklin Stefan Paul , Todorovic Ana , Fehmer Vincent , Mojon Philippe , Sailer Irena
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To investigate survival rates, technical and biologic outcomes of buccally micro‐veneered all‐ceramic single implant crowns.

Material and Methods

Sixty subjects randomly received immediately or early placed implants. Crowns out of lithium‐disilicate (n = 30) and zirconia‐ceramic (n = 30) were bonded to titanium‐base‐abutments. Restorations were inspected at baseline (BL) and during follow‐up visits (6, 12 months). Technical and biologic parameters were recorded. Data were analysed descriptively. Differences between groups were tested with Student's t‐test. Paired T‐test was used when comparing data from the same implant or tooth over time. Linear model repeated measures were used to test differences between materials over time. Differences in counts were evaluated using Pearson Chi‐square test. The level of significance was at p < .05.

Results

After a mean observation time of 13.2 ± 2.4 months, 54 restorations were re‐examined. The implant survival rate was 98.3%, and the restoration survival rate was 100%. One early implant failure occurred. Two minor chippings occurred in lithium‐disilicate restorations. No chippings or fractures occurred in any zirconia restorations at 1 year (0%). The technical complication rate was 3.7%, with 7.7% complications among the lithium‐disilicate restorations and no differences between the two materials (p = .558). At 1‐year follow‐up, mean Bleeding on Probing (BOP) was higher at implants (0.27 ± 0.3) than adjacent teeth (0.17 ± 0.18) (p = .046) with no differences between materials (p = .36). Differences in pocket probing depth (PPD) between implants and adjacent teeth were significant (p < .01). Jemt Index improved significantly from BL to 1‐y‐follow‐up (p < .001).

Conclusions

Preliminary results were good, suggesting that the ceramic type does not impact technical and biologic parameters.
Effect of donor pancreas extraction time on pancreas transplantation—a Swiss tertiary center experience
Authors: Rössler Fabian , Kümmerli Christoph , Hügli Sandro , Jonas Jan P. , Hübel Kerstin , Oberkofler Christian E. , Müller Philip C. , de Rougemont Olivier
Published: November 2022

We aimed to assess the effect of donor pancreas extraction time (ET) on postoperative complications and graft function after pancreas transplantation (PT). We analyzed all consecutive donor pancreas procurements for the simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK) and the associated PT in a Swiss transplant center over a 20‐year period. Pancreas ET was defined as the time from cold flush to static storage of the pancreas on ice. The primary endpoint was the effect of extraction time on surgical complications. Secondary endpoints comprised the effect of ET on graft function (insulin‐free survival) and graft pancreatitis. Of 115 procured pancreas grafts the median donor pancreas ET was 65 min (IQR: 48–78 min). In multivariable analysis, ET did not negatively affect major complications (OR 1.41 [95% CI: .59–3.36];p = .438) and insulin‐free survival (HR 1.42 [95% CI: .55–3.63];p = .459). The median CIT was 522 (441–608) min. CIT was associated with major complications (OR 2.51 [95% CI: 1.11–5.68];p = .027), but without impact on insulin‐free survival (HR 1.94 [95% CI: .84–4.48];p = .119). Patients with and without graft pancreatitis had no statistically significant differences in ET and CIT (p = .164 andp = .47, respectively). In multivariable analysis, Amylase levels > 270 U/L on postoperative day 1 were significantly associated with major complications (OR 3.61 [95% CI: 1.06–12.32];p = .040). Our results suggest that although no effect of ET on complications and graft function after PT was found, shorter CIT and less graft pancreatitis can have a positive impact on surgical complications. Results could possibly be influenced by the exceptional quality of the pancreas donors, with short travel distances and preservation times in Switzerland.
Contingent conversations build more than language: How communicative interactions in toddlerhood relate to preschool executive function skills
Authors: Masek Lillian R. , Weiss Staci Meredith , McMillan Brianna T. M. , Paterson Sarah J. , Golinkoff Roberta Michnick , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy
Published: November 2022

High‐quality communicative interactions between caregivers and children provide a foundation for children's social and cognitive skills. Although most studies examining these types of interactions focus on child language outcomes, this paper takes another tack. It examines whether communicative, dyadic interactions might also relate to child executive function (EF) skills and whether child language might mediate this relation. Using a subset of data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, dyadic interactions between 2‐year‐olds and their mothers were coded for three behaviors: symbol‐infused joint engagement, routines and rituals, and fluency and connectedness. Child language was assessed at age 3 and three facets of EF (self‐regulation, sustained attention, and verbal working memory) were assessed at age 4.5. Structural equation modeling showed that dyadic interaction related to later child sustained attention and verbal working memory, indirectly through child language and directly related with child self‐regulation. This suggests that communicative interactions with caregivers that include both verbal and non‐verbal elements relate to child EF, in part through child language. Our findings have implications for the role of caregiver interactions in the development of language and cognitive skills more broadly.

Research Highlights

Using structural equation modeling, we examined how communicative interactions between caregivers and toddlers relate to preschool executive function skills

Communicative interactions relate to later language which in turn relates to sustained attention and verbal working memory in preschool

Communicative interactions relate directly to self‐regulation in preschool

Associations between communicative interactions, language, and executive function vary across facets of executive function and may not be unidirectional
Nomogram model and risk score to predict 5‐year risk of progression from prediabetes to diabetes in Chinese adults: Development and validation of a novel model
Authors: Han Yong , Hu Haofei , Liu Yufei , Wang Zhibin , Liu Dehong
Published: November 2022

Aim

To develop a personalized nomogram and risk score to predict the 5‐year risk of diabetes among Chinese adults with prediabetes.

Methods

There were 26 018 participants with prediabetes at baseline in this retrospective cohort study. We randomly stratified participants into two cohorts for training (n = 12 947) and validation (n = 13 071). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model was applied to select the most significant variables among candidate variables. And we further established a stepwise Cox proportional hazards model to screen out the risk factors based on the predictors chosen by the LASSO model. We presented the model with a nomogram. The model's discrimination, clinical use and calibration were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, decision curve and calibration analysis. The associated risk factors were also categorized according to clinical cut‐points or tertials to create the diabetes risk score model. Based on the total score, we divided it into four risk categories: low, middle, high and extremely high. We also evaluated our diabetes risk score model's performance.

Results

We developed a simple nomogram and risk score that predicts the risk of prediabetes by using the variables age, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, alanine aminotransferase, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and family history of diabetes. The area under the ROC curve of the nomogram was 0.8146 (95% CI 0.8035‐0.8258) and 0.8147 (95% CI 0.8035‐0.8259) for the training and validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curve showed a perfect fit between predicted and observed diabetes risks at 5 years. Decision curve analysis presented the clinical use of the nomogram, and there was a wide range of alternative threshold probability spectrums. A total risk score of 0 to 2.5, 3 to 4.5, 5 to 7.5 and 8 to 13.5 is associated with low, middle, high and extremely high diabetes risk status, respectively.

Conclusions

We developed and validated a personalized prediction nomogram and risk score for 5‐year diabetes risk among Chinese adults with prediabetes, identifying individuals at a high risk of developing diabetes. Doctors and other healthcare professionals can easily and quickly use our diabetes score model to assess the diabetes risk status in patients with prediabetes. In addition, the nomogram model and risk score we developed need to be validated in a prospective cohort study.
Social frailty as social aspects of frailty: Research, practical activities, and prospects
Authors: Fujiwara Yoshinori , Kondo Katsunori , Koyano Wataru , Murayama Hiroshi , Shinkai Shoji , Fujita Koji , Arai Hidenori , Horiuchi Fuki
Published: November 2022

With the topical focus on the prevention of and countermeasures for frailty, scattered studies have subdivided its social elements and aspects as “social frailty.” While the concepts and definition of “social frailty” are yet to be established, the purpose of using the term is to capture the attention of professionals using the social aspects of frailty to support older adults. The goal is to increase healthy life expectancy by recognizing that social factors are unlikely to pose a risk of functional decline in isolation, but may increase such a decline when combined with other factors. At feasible scopes of intervention, ways to address these factors should be pursued. Although social aspects are often expressed by frail people, or social factors with complex processes that can cause functional decline, there is no unified definition or indicator of social frailty. Further research and discussion are needed to clarify its academic significance and usefulness for disability prevention. Recognizing this, when the Japanese Socio‐Gerontological Society's Study Committee on “Social Frailty” published its recommendations, it suggested that when using the term “social frailty” we should specify the significance of its use; consider the comprehensiveness of frailty; be mindful of the interrelationship of social activities and other social aspects; and consider environmental conditions such as a person's values, preferences and life course, social norms, systems, and government policies. High‐risk individuals may need multidisciplinary approaches delivered by various professionals, including clinicians, in realizing a life in line with their unique values and preferences. In such cases, it is necessary to understand the background and process that led to frailty, from physical, psychological, and social perspectives, referring to the abovementioned four points. The introduction of social aspects as one of the assessment frameworks can significantly bridge the gap between medical care and the community. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 991–996.
Trends in the incidence of syphilis in the middle‐aged and older adults in Japan: A nationwide observational study, 2009–2019
Authors: Takahashi Misa , Hagiya Hideharu , Koyama Toshihiro , Otsuka Fumio
Published: November 2022

Aim

Sexually transmitted infections remain a neglected area of research in geriatrics. However, in the global aging societies, sexual health among the middle‐aged and older adults is an emerging public concern. High‐income countries are facing a resurgence of syphilis cases among young generations, but little is known about its prevalence in older populations. We aimed to investigate the national trend of syphilis cases in Japan.

Methods

This nationwide observational study used the publicly‐available database (2009–2019) to calculate crude and age‐adjusted incidence rates of syphilis per 100 000 population by age, sex and clinical stage. We collected data from patients aged ≥50 years and performed joinpoint regression analysis to estimate long‐term trends and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs).

Results

The total number of patients with syphilis increased about 8‐fold from 165 in 2009 to 1280 in 2019. AAPCs of crude incidence rates significantly increased in every age category; 33.2% in 50–59 years, 23.8% in 60–69 years and 20.9% in ≥70 years. Age‐adjusted incidence rates have surged at AAPCs of 28.7% in men and 23.1% in women, reaching 4.09 in men and 0.71 in women in 2019. By clinical stage, marked increases were observed in primary (AAPCs, 42.3% in men and 41.6% in women) and secondary syphilis (AAPCs, 24.9% in men and 24.2% in women).

Conclusions

An up‐toward trend of syphilis among people aged ≥50 years was observed. The importance of sexual health among older people should be highlighted in this aging Japanese society. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 1019–1024.
Development of bigel based dysphagia‐oriented products, structured with collagen and carnauba wax: characterisation and rheological behaviour
Authors: Eisinaitė Viktorija , Jasutienė Ina , Vinauskienė Rimantė , Leskauskaitė Daiva
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study was to design composition of the bigels with required rheological properties that responds the needs of the dysphagia patients. Bigels were prepared with carnauba wax and different collagen concentrations in the hydrogel phase (40, 60%) as well as by changing oleogel to hydrogel ratio from 40:60 to 60:40. The stability, physical and rheological properties of obtained bigels were evaluated after their preparation and after 14 days storage. All obtained bigels were stable without phase separation and had a pleasant taste and good mouth‐feel, exept bigels with the higher oleogel fraction. Viscosity values at 50 s−1 divided formulated bigels into two groups: honey‐like and spoon thick. An increase of oleogel fraction caused an increase in the consistency index and elastic modulus. Higher firmness and cohesiveness values were obtained in the samples with the higher collagen concentration. It was also obtained that all rheological parameters increased after 14 days of storage. The present work develops a novel bigel‐based product with strong shear‐thinning behaviour and high protein concentration (16–36%). It is believed that such product could not only ensure the safe swallowing process but also reduce the risk of malnutrition development.
Hydrodynamic role of substrate attachment in shaping the suspension‐feeding current created by the marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata
Authors: Jiang Houshuo , Pechenik Jan A.
Published: November 2022

As in lamellibranch bivalves, individuals of the common Atlantic slippersnail Crepidula fornicata beat cilia on their gill filaments to produce a suspension‐feeding current. Having only one shell and no siphons with which to direct water flow, however, individuals of C. fornicata must adhere to a solid substrate to facilitate normal feeding. Thus, what hydrodynamic role does substrate attachment play in producing, regulating, and directing the suspension‐feeding current for this species? Here, a combined particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics study was conducted to address this question. Three findings were obtained: (1) Juveniles of C. fornicata (shell length 6.0–10.6 mm) whose foot was attached to a solid surface generated a strong, fan‐like exhalant current and an almost equally strong, convergent inhalant current, both being spatially well extended; (2) juveniles of C. fornicata that were prevented from adhering to any surface also generated a strong, fan‐like exhalant current but a much weaker and spatially limited inhalant current; and (3) whether or not they were attached to a solid surface, juveniles of C. fornicata had almost the same performance or system characteristics of the ciliary water pump, including the relationship between flow pressure rise Δp across the ciliary zone and volume flow rate Q, pump resistance Δp/Q, and pressure coefficient for laminar flow Cp,l. These results indicate that the primary hydrodynamic effect of substrate attachment in C. fornicata is to form a complete inhalant chamber with a narrowed opening, such that negative flow pressure develops in the inhalant chamber, and a strong, convergent, spatially well‐extended inhalant current is generated to effectively bring in food particles from farther distances and to reduce refiltration of the outflowing water. Finally, ecological trade‐offs are discussed regarding the two distinct shell configuration strategies: (1) that of the single‐shelled C. fornicata, with only a naturally formed exhalant chamber and opening but not a morphologically defined inhalant chamber and opening, and (2) that of two‐shelled bivalves, with naturally formed exhalant and inhalant chambers.
What's next for Hospital at Home Programs in the United States: A clarion call for permanent, person‐centered solutions
Authors: Brody Abraham A. , Dorfman Eve , Caspers Christopher G. , Sadarangani Tina R.
Published: November 2022

This editorial comments on the article by Gorbenko et al. in this issue.
The role of dietetics accreditation standards in supporting practice‐ready graduates – a policy analysis
Authors: d'Acoz Lucie d'Udekem , Meiklejohn Sarah , Palermo Claire
Published: November 2022

Background

Despite clear evidence that accreditation has the potential to shape the future of graduate outcomes and health professions, little research has examined accreditation policy within dietetics and whether it achieves its aims. This study aimed to interpret the purpose and positioning of dietetic accreditation standards internationally.

Methods

This study drew on Yanow's interpretive policy analysis approach. Countries with similar dietetics education and accreditation systems were selected for inclusion in this study, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. A purposive sample of participants involved in the accreditation process were identified and invited to participate in semistructured interviews. Accreditation standards from all countries were collected. Coding of text for purpose and meaning was undertaken. Codes were then grouped into categories and then themes, in line with the interpretive policy analysis approach that aims to seek meaning from the policy and identify conflicts.

Results

A total of 8 interviews and 11 accreditation standard documents were analysed from across the five countries. The analysis of data showed that the purpose of accreditation was protecting public safety by producing safe and effective dietetic graduates and supporting universities to achieve this. Focusing on input‐ versus outcome‐based education was a key conflict.

Conclusions

There is a unified purpose of accreditation internationally which may support global mobility of the dietetics workforce. Focusing more on outcome‐based standards may support the development of dietetics graduates better equipped to meet future needs.
Sources of nutrition advice and desired nutrition guidance in oncology care: Patient's perspectives
Authors: Keaver Laura , Richmond Janice , Rafferty Fiona , Douglas Pauline
Published: November 2022

Background

The present study aimed to describe the proportion of cancer patients and survivors who receive nutrition advice, the sources of that advice and to explore the nutrition advice this cohort would like to have received.

Methods

A descriptive cross‐sectional survey was completed by 211 cancer patients and survivors recruited through two hospitals in the North‐West of Ireland. The survey consisted of open‐ended and closed questions that aimed to explore the provision of and sources of nutrition advice and desired guidance in this cohort. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPPS, while open‐ended questions underwent thematic analysis.

Results

Respondents were mainly female (n = 133; 63%), aged 50–69 years old (n = 118; 56%), attending the outpatient department (n = 128; 60.7%) and < 5 years since diagnosis (n = 150; 71.7%). Breast (n = 69; 32.7%) was the most common cancer type. Respondents experienced a mean ± SD of 5 ± 3.1 nutrition impact symptoms. The most common was changes in taste/smell (n = 122; 57.8%). Although 53.6% (n = 113) reported being given advice, only 34.1% (n = 72) received this advice from a dietitian. The main sources of nutritional advice were friends and family. Respondents expressed their desire for nutrition advice from a dietitian and that this should be individualised, clear and practical. There was also a desire to avoid misinformation and uncertainty.

Conclusions

The results of the present study can be used to help tailor nutrition support for this group. There is a need to ensure that patients and survivors consistently receive evidence‐based advice tailored to their needs, cancer type and treatment stage.
Poly(I:C) promotes neurotoxic amyloid β accumulation through reduced degradation by decreasing neprilysin protein levels in astrocytes
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Tokumon Takuya , Obuchi Ayako , Kono Mari , Saigo Katsuyasu , Tanida Mamoru , Ikeda‐Matsuo Yuri , Sobue Kazuya
Published: November 2022

Inflammation associated with viral infection of the nervous system has been involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) is a Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist that mimics the inflammatory response to systemic viral infections. Despite growing recognition of the role of glial cells in AD pathology, their involvement in the accumulation and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain of patients with AD is poorly understood. Neprilysin (NEP) and insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE) are the main Aβ‐degrading enzymes in the brain. This study investigated whether poly(I:C) regulated Aβ degradation and neurotoxicity by modulating NEP and IDE protein levels through TLR3 in astrocytes. To this aim, primary rat primary astrocyte cultures were treated with poly(I:C) and inhibitors of the TLR3 signaling. Protein levels were assessed by Western blot. Aβ toxicity to primary neurons was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release. Poly(I:C) induced a significant decrease in NEP levels on the membrane of astrocytes as well as in the culture medium. The degradation of exogenous Aβ was markedly delayed in poly(I:C)‐treated astrocytes. This delay significantly increased the neurotoxicity of exogenous Aβ1‐42. Altogether, these results suggest that viral infections induce Aβ neurotoxicity by decreasing NEP levels in astrocytes and consequently preventing Aβ degradation.

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Ethical conflict in nursing: A concept analysis
Authors: Liu Yuanfei , Wang Xueqing , Wang Zhaochen , Zhang Yuping , Jin Jingfen
Published: November 2022

Aims and Objectives

The purpose of this paper was to clarify the concept of ethical conflict in nursing and highlight the importance of tackling this issue.

Background

Ethical conflict is on the rise in the nursing context. It is associated with the compromise of nurses' well‐being and patient care. However, there is no thorough conceptual understanding of this concept.

Design

Concept analysis.

Methods

Databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and SocINDEX) were searched for studies between 1984 and 2021. Both quantitative and qualitative studies related to ethical conflict in nursing were included. Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis was used to identify the defining attributes, antecedents and consequences of the concept of ethical conflict in nursing. We followed the PRISMA‐ScR checklist to report the study.

Results

Thirty studies were included for conceptualization. Defining attributes were divided into four categories: (1) emotional responses, (2) incompatible values, (3) competing interests and (4) ambiguous obligations. The antecedents were (1) ethical sensitivity, (2) negative ethical climate, (3) insufficient authority, (4) unrealistic expectations, (5) poor collaboration and (6) inadequate resources. The consequences were identified as (1) moral residue, (2) loss of identity, (3) professional burnout and (4) poor patient care.

Conclusions

A unified conceptual model of ethical conflict in nursing shed light on the ethical issues nurses might come across in practice. Despite the fact that ethical conflict is inherently negative, we conceptualised this concept as a neutral fact and an opportunity for nursing action. The construct identification provides basis for both the development of practice and the development of staff support and education.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

A clearer understanding of such an important facet of nursing practice helps nurses raise awareness of ethical conflict and implement effective coping strategies to improve their well‐being and patient care.

No Patient or Public Contribution

This is a review article conducted by the researchers, so there is no patient or public contribution.
Individuals with hearing impairment/deafness during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A rapid review on communication challenges and strategies
Authors: Mansutti Irene , Achil Illarj , Rosa Gastaldo Chiara , Tomé Pires Catarina , Palese Alvisa
Published: November 2022

Aims and objectives

This study aimed (a) to identify the communication issues and problems faced by individuals with hearing impairment (HI)/deafness during the COVID‐19 pandemic and (b) to describe strategies to overcome the issues/problems and/or prevent their negative impact.

Background

Individuals with mild or severe HI face everyday communication problems, which have been worsened during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, no studies have summarised the available evidence to better understand the communication challenges faced by them and strategies allowing better interactions. The long duration of the outbreak—more than 2 years, with policies that have just been lifted in some countries—and the possible return of restrictions in the next Winter suggest the need to summarise evidence in the field.

Design and methods

A rapid review is reported here in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. Medline, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched, including (a) primary or secondary studies published from January 2020 to 12 January 2022, (b) involving individuals with HI/deafness, (c) during the COVID‐19 pandemic and (d) written in English. Data were extracted and summarised by using a content analysis approach.

Patient or public contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.

Results

Fourteen studies were included as follows: three non‐systematic reviews, seven cross‐sectional, three quasi‐ experimental and one qualitative study, performed mainly in the US and the UK. Face mask covering use; physical and social distancing; and information, education, rehabilitation, and healthcare accessibility have emerged as the main challenges triggering consequences such as social isolation, loneliness, poor knowledge regarding the prevention and mental health issues. Strategies mitigating these challenges are as follows: (a) adopting transparent face masks, (b) using basic skills while interacting (e.g. maintaining eye contact), (c) improving the availability of sign language interpreters, (d) allowing the presence of family members and (e) teaching basics of sign language to healthcare professionals.

Conclusions and relevance to clinical practice

Individuals with HI/deafness live with several challenges, suggesting that their vulnerability has increased tremendously during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The effectiveness of strategies to overcome these difficulties should be scrutinised by conducting more research. Moreover, there should be increased awareness among all citizens by equipping them with simple strategies to communicate effectively with individuals with HI, an approach that may increase inclusiveness and prevent further negative consequences and burden.
Selective outcome reporting bias is highly prevalent in randomized clinical trials of nonsurgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Souza Nathalia Vilela , Nicolini Alessandra Cardoso , dos Reis Isabella Neme Ribeiro , Sendyk Daniel Isaac , Cavagni Juliano , Pannuti Claudio Mendes
Published: November 2022

Selective outcome reporting (SOR) is a type of bias that can compromise the validity of results and affect evidence‐based practice. SOR can overestimate the effect of an intervention and lead to conclusions that a treatment is effective when it is not. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SOR in publications of RCTs on nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and to verify associated factors. The protocols were searched and selected on the www.clinicaltrials.gov platform up to January 16, 2022. Corresponding publications were identified, and data extraction and discrepancy analysis were performed. The risk of bias was assessed according to the RoB2 tool. One hundred forty‐five studies (174 publications) were included. The prevalence of SOR was 49.7% and was unclear in nearly one third of studies (27.6%). Only 31.7% of the primary outcomes were completely described in the publications. The overall risk of bias was high in 60% of the included studies. SOR was associated with statistical significance (p < .001), and multiple publications of the same study (p = .005). Our study demonstrated the high prevalence of SOR, highlighting the need to improve the quality of reporting of RCTs on NSPT studies.
Transitioning from microsatellites to SNP‐based microhaplotypes in genetic monitoring programmes: Lessons from paired data spanning 20 years
Authors: Osborne Megan J. , Caeiro‐Dias Guilherme , Turner Thomas F.
Published: November 2022

Many long‐term genetic monitoring programmes began before next‐generation sequencing became widely available. Older programmes can now transition to new marker systems usually consisting of 1000s of SNP loci, but there are still important questions about comparability, precision, and accuracy of key metrics estimated using SNPs. Ideally, transitioned programmes should capitalize on new information without sacrificing continuity of inference across the time series. We combined existing microsatellite‐based genetic monitoring information with SNP‐based microhaplotypes obtained from archived samples of Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus) across a 20‐year time series to evaluate point estimates and trajectories of key genetic metrics. Demographic and genetic monitoring bracketed multiple collapses of the wild population and included cases where captive‐born repatriates comprised the majority of spawners in the wild. Even with smaller sample sizes, microhaplotypes yielded comparable and in some cases more precise estimates of variance genetic effective population size, multilocus heterozygosity and inbreeding compared to microsatellites because many more microhaplotype loci were available. Microhaplotypes also recorded shifts in allele frequencies associated with population bottlenecks. Trends in microhaplotype‐based inbreeding metrics were associated with the fraction of hatchery‐reared repatriates to the wild and should be incorporated into future genomic monitoring. Although differences in accuracy and precision of some metrics were observed between marker types, biological inferences and management recommendations were consistent.
A GT‐1 and PKc domain‐containing transcription regulator SIMPLE LEAF1 controls compound leaf development in woodland strawberry
Authors: Pi Mengting , Zhong Ruhan , Hu Shaoqiang , Cai Zhuoying , Plunkert Madison , Zhang Weiyi , Liu Zhongchi , Kang Chunying
Published: November 2022

Leaves are strikingly diverse in terms of shapes and complexity. The wild and cultivated strawberry plants mostly develop trifoliate compound leaves, yet the underlying genetic basis remains unclear in this important fruit crop in Rosaceae.

Here, we identified two EMS mutants designated simple leaf1 (sl1‐1 and sl1‐2) and one natural simple‐leafed mutant monophylla in Fragaria vesca. Their causative mutations all reside in SL1 (FvH4_7g28640) causing premature stop codon at different positions in sl1‐1 and sl1‐2 and an eight‐nucleotide insertion (GTTCATCA) in monophylla.

SL1 encodes a transcription regulator with the conserved DNA‐binding domain GT‐1 and the catalytic domain of protein kinases PKc. Expression of SL1pro::SL1 in sl1‐1 completely restored compound leaf formation. The 35S::SL1 lines developed palmate‐like leaves with four or five leaflets at a low penetrance. However, overexpressing the truncated SL1ΔPK caused no phenotypes, probably due to the disruption of homodimerization. SL1 is preferentially expressed at the tips of leaflets and serrations. Moreover, SL1 is closely associated with the auxin pathway and works synergistically with FveLFYa in leaf morphogenesis.

Overall, our work uncovered a new type of transcription regulator that promotes compound leaf formation in the woodland strawberry and shed new lights on the diversity of leaf complexity control.
The social origins of obesity within and across generations
Authors: Hemmingsson Erik , Nowicka Paulina , Ulijaszek Stanley , Sørensen Thorkild I. A.
Published: November 2022

We propose a model for obesity development that traces a considerable part of its origins to the social domain (mainly different forms of prolonged social adversity), both within and across generations, working in tandem with a genetic predisposition. To facilitate overview of social pathways, we place particular focus on three areas that form a cascading sequence: (A) social adversity within the family (parents having a low education, a low social position, poverty and financial insecurity; offspring being exposed to gestational stress, unmet social and emotional needs, abuse, maltreatment and other negative life events, social deprivation and relationship discord); (B) increasing levels of insecurity, negative emotions, chronic stress, and a disruption of energy homeostasis; and (C) weight gain and obesity, eliciting further social stress and weight stigma in both generations. Social adversity, when combined with genetic predisposition, thereby substantially contributes to highly effective transmission of obesity from parents to offspring, as well as to obesity development within current generations. Prevention efforts may benefit from mitigating multiple types of social adversity in individuals, families, and communities, notably poverty and financial strain, and by improving education levels.
Artemisinin suppressed tumour growth and induced vascular normalisation in oral squamous cell carcinoma via inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor
Authors: Yu Xiang‐hua , Wu Jing‐biao , Fan Hua‐yang , Dai Li , Xian Hong‐chun , Chen Bing‐jun , Liao Peng , Huang Mei‐chang , Pang Xin , Zhang Mei , Liang Xin‐hua , Tang Ya‐ling
Published: November 2022

Background

Tumour vascular normalisation therapy advocates a balance between pro‐angiogenic factors and anti‐angiogenic factors in tumours. Artemisinin (ART), which is derived from traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to inhibit tumour growth; however, the relationship between ART and tumour vascular normalisation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been previously reported.

Methods

Different concentrations(0 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg)of ART were used to treat the xenograft nude mice model of OSCC. The effects of ART on migration and proliferation of OSCC and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cells were detected by scratch assay and CCK‐8 assay. OSCC cells with macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) silenced were constructed to explore the effect of MIF.

Results

Treatment with ART inhibited the growth and angiogenesis of OSCC xenografts in nude mice and downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL‐8, and MIF expression levels. ART reduced the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVEC, as well as the expression of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. When the dose of ART was 50 mg/kg, vascular normalisation of OSCC xenografts was induced. Moreover, VEGF and IL‐8 were needed in rhMIF restoring tumour growth and inhibit vascular normalisation after the addition of rhMIF to ART‐treated cells.

Conclusion

Artemisinin might induce vascular normalisation and inhibit tumour growth in OSCC through the MIF‐signalling pathway.