bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Registration of Seven Spring Two‐Rowed Barley Germplasm Lines Resistant to Russian Wheat Aphid
Authors: Mornhinweg D. W. , Bregitzer P. P. , Porter D. R.
Published: August 2008

STARS 0637B (Reg. No. GP‐189, PI 642923), STARS 0638B (Reg. No. GP‐190, PI 642924), STARS 0639B (Reg. No. GP‐191, PI 642925), STARS 0640B (Reg. No. GP‐192, PI 642926), STARS 0641B (Reg. No. GP‐193, PI 642927), STARS 0642B (Reg. No. GP‐194, PI 642928), and STARS 0643B (Reg. No. GP‐195, PI 642929), are spring, two‐rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines developed cooperatively by the USDA‐ARS, in Stillwater, OK, and Aberdeen, ID, as sources of resistance to Russian wheat aphid (RWA) [Diuraphis noxia, (Mordvilko)]. Each resistant line is in one of three, two‐rowed, feed barley cultivar backgrounds (‘Bowman’, ‘Hector’, or ‘Otis’). They are comparable to their recurrent parents in yield, test weight, plant height, and heading date in the absence of RWA and superior in grain yield to their recurrent parents in the presence of RWA.
Registration of Arkot JJ46, Arkot 9610, and Arkot 9620 Germplasm Lines of Cotton
Authors: Bourland Fred M. , Jones Don
Published: August 2008

Arkot JJ46 (Reg. No. GP‐890, PI 651855), Arkot 9610 (Reg. No. GP‐891, PI 651856), and Arkot 9620 JJ46 (Reg. No. GP‐892, PI 651857) are noncommercial breeding lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2007. Arkot JJ46 was derived from a cross between ‘SG 125’ and ‘HyPerformer HS46’. Arkot 9610 was derived from a cross between ‘SG 404’ and Arkot 8606. Arkot 9620 was derived from crossing Arkot 8712 with an advanced breeding line. The lines were evaluated in replicated tests in Arkansas from 2003 through 2006. With some specific adaptation, lint yields of the lines were generally comparable to two check cultivars. Fiber quality, particularly fiber length, and line‐specific host plant resistance traits—resistance to Fusarium wilt [caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. f. sp. vasinfectum (Atk.) Snyd. & Hans.], Verticillium wilt (caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.), bacterial blight [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Smith) Dye], and tarnished plant bugs [Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois)]—make these lines valuable to cotton breeding programs.
Registration of ‘CDC Lophy‐I’ Barley
Authors: Rossnagel B. G. , Zatorski T. , Arganosa G. , Beattie A. D.
Published: August 2008

‘CDC Lophy‐I’ (Reg. No. CV‐339, PI 653112; CN 111360; CFIA Reg. No. 6335; Canadian PBR Appl. No. 06–5470) is a two‐rowed spring hulless feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed at the Crop Development Centre (CDC), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. CDC Lophy‐I was tested as SR03044 in CDC yield trials from 2003 to 2004 before being evaluated from 2004 to 2005 in the Western Canadian Hulless Barley Cooperative Tests as HB379. CDC Lophy‐I is the first commercial barley variety containing the lpa3‐1 gene, which results in a 60 to 65% reduction in seed phytate compared with conventional barley varieties. This is the lowest seed phytate content of any currently registered barley variety worldwide. Additionally, CDC Lophy‐I combines good kernel weight and strong straw with low Fusarium head blight (incited by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) deoxynivalenol accumulation and resistance to loose smut [incited by Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr.].
Registration of ‘Bill Brown’ Wheat
Authors: Haley Scott D. , Johnson Jerry J. , Peairs Frank B. , Quick James S. , Stromberger John A. , Butler Joshua D. , Miller Hayley R. , Heaton Emily E. , Rudolph Jeff B. , Seabourn Bradford W. , Bai Guihua , Jin Yue , Kolmer James A. , Chen Xianming
Published: August 2008

‘Bill Brown’ (Reg. No. CV‐133, PI 653260) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released in August 2007 through an exclusive marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at Colorado State University (CSU), USDA‐ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, St. Paul, MN, and Pullman, WA, participated in the development of Bill Brown. Bill Brown was selected from the cross ‘Yumar’/‘Arlin’ made in 1997 at Fort Collins, CO. Bill Brown was selected as an F5:6 line reselection in Yuma, AZ, in May 2003 and assigned experimental line number CO01385‐A1. Bill Brown was released because of its superior grain yield under nonirrigated and irrigated production in eastern Colorado, high grain volume weight, resistance to leaf (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and stripe rust (P. striiformis Westend.), and superior milling and bread baking quality. The name Bill Brown was chosen to honor the memory of former CSU Extension Plant Pathologist Dr. William M. Brown.
Registration of ‘Faller’ Spring Wheat
Authors: Mergoum Mohamed , Frohberg Richard C. , Stack Robert W. , Rasmussen Jack W. , Friesen Timothy L.
Published: August 2008

‘Faller’ (Reg. No. CV‐1026, PI 648350) hard red spring wheat (HRSW) (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (NDAES). Faller was derived from the ND2857/ND2814 cross made at NDSU in fall 1997. ND2857 (ND2709/ND688) is a hard red spring experimental line with good resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch]) originating from ND2709, a line known to possess the Fhb1 quantitative trait locus derived from ‘Sumai3’ (PI 481542). Sumai3, a spring wheat from China, is arguably the most widely used source of resistance to FHB in the world. Both ND2709 and ND688 are HRSW experimental lines developed by the NDSU breeding program. ND2814 (‘Kitt’ [PI 518818]/‘Amidon’ [PI 527682]/3/‘Grandin’ [PI 531005]/‘Stoa S’ [PI 520297]) is an HRSW line developed by the NDSU HRSW breeding program. Kitt is an HRSW cultivar released in 1975 by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA‐ARS, while Amidon, Grandin, and Stoa are HRSW cultivars released by NDAES in 1988, 1989, 1984, respectively. Faller was produced from a bulk of one purified F4:5 plot selected in 2001 at Christchurch, New Zealand. Faller was released because it combines very high yield with good end‐use quality and resistance to FHB and leaf diseases.
Strong, Tough, Electrospun Polymer–Nanotube Composite Membranes with Extremely Low Density
Authors: Blond David , Walshe William , Young Karen , Blighe Fiona M. , Khan Umar , Almecija Dorothée , Carpenter Leslie , McCauley Joe , Blau Werner J. , Coleman Jonathan N.
Published: August 2008

Electrospinning has been used to produce porous, low density, polymer–nanotube composite membranes. The membrane mechanical properties can be enhanced by tuning the nanotube content, aligning the fibers during spinning, and by post production drawing. The mechanical properties are maximized for membranes with a nanotube content of 0.43 vol %. Aligned composites at this volume fraction have been prepared by spinning onto a rotating drum collector electrode. This method results in significant increases in modulus, strength, and toughness. The best composites, produced at the maximum drum rotation rate, were post treated by a drawing step to result in further increases in modulus and strength. These methods allows the production of membranes with densities as low as ∼340 kg m−3 but with values of stiffness, strengths and toughness's more typically found in bulk thermoplastics; 1.2 GPa, 40 MPa, and 13 J g−1.
Collection of family health histories: The link between genealogy and public health
Authors: Case Donald O.
Published: August 2008

Although a number of investigations have been conducted on the information behavior of family historians, we know little about the degree to which they systematically collect information on the causes of death and major illnesses of ancestors. Such information, if reliable and accessible, could be useful to family physicians, the families themselves, and to epidemiologists. This article presents findings from a two‐stage study of amateur genealogists in the USA. An initial state‐wide telephone survey of 901 households was followed by in‐depth interviews with a national sample of 23 family historians. Over half of the responding households in the general survey reported that someone in their family collects ancestral medical data; this practice appears to be more common among respondents who are women, older persons, and those with higher incomes. In‐depth interviews revealed that this information is commonly collected by family historians, and typically comes from death certificates, secondarily from obituaries, and thirdly from word‐of‐mouth or family records; most of these respondents collected health information for reasons of surveillance of their own health risks. Social‐networking approaches to encourage gathering of family data could aid in increased awareness and surveillance of health risks. Implications for health information seeking and applicable theories are discussed.
Regional differences in stakeholders' perspectives on strategies to overcome teledensity limitations: An exploratory comparison of selected Latin American and Sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Meso Peter , Kaba Bangaly , Mbarika Victor , McCline Richard
Published: August 2008

Prior research has identified specific factors that hinder growth of teledensity in developing countries and specific strategies used to overcome such limitations both in Latin America and in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Prior research also has reported on the perceptions that telecommunications stakeholders have on how various strategies can inform and assist in the enhancement of teledensity in each of the two continental regions. This study fills a gap in the literature by investigating similarities and differences in the telecommunication stakeholders' perspectives of specific strategies used to address teledensity limitations in Latin America as well as in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Independent samples of survey participants (Latin America's and Sub‐Saharan Africa's telecommunications stakeholders) analyzed the strategies. Using appropriate statistical procedures, we examined these stakeholders' perceptions to find areas of commonality and difference in their respective perspectives on the effectiveness of selected strategies. Qualitative comments to support the stakeholders' responses are reported, together with future research implications.
Recursive identification for Wiener systems using Gaussian inputs
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Li , Chen Han‐Fu
Published: August 2008

The recursive algorithms are given for identifying the single‐input single‐output Wiener system which consists of a moving average type linear subsystem followed by a static nonparametric nonlinearity. The input is defined to be a sequence of mutually independent Gaussian random variables. The estimates for coefficients of the linear subsystem as well as for f(v) at any v are proved to converge to the true values with probability one. A numerical example is given, justifying the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
An interactive approach to template generation in quantitative feedback theory methodology
Authors: Diaz Jose M. , Dormido Sebastian , Aranda Joaquin
Published: August 2008

The calculation of templates associated with plant uncertainty at some frequencies is one of the first steps in the design of robust controllers using the quantitative feedback theory (QFT) methodology. If the QFT designer does not calculate the templates correctly, the design will be unnecessarily conservative, or even erroneous. This paper describes the main features of Template Interactive Generator (TIG), a new, free software tool that calculates the templates of plants with special parameter dependences, such as interval plants and plants with affine parametric uncertainty. The paper also includes two examples that illustrate the ease of use and the high level of interactivity of TIG. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Decentralized tracking control for linear uncertain interconnected systems with time delays
Authors: Ni Mao‐Lin , Wang Jing , Li Guo
Published: August 2008

This paper investigates the robust output tracking problem for a class of large‐scale linear uncertain systems with interactions and time delays. Time delays exist in both states and controls. Using the Riccati equation, a procedure for determining decentralized linear control laws is presented such that the closed‐loop system asymptotically tracks the reference output and rejects any constant but unknown disturbances. The main feature of this approach is that the uncertain systems may contain time delays in both states and controls as well as in interactions between subsystems. A numerical example is included to show the results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Delay‐dependent robust stability and stabilization of uncertain neutral systems
Authors: He Yong , Wu Min , She Jin‐Hua
Published: August 2008

This paper discusses the problems of the delay‐dependent robust stability and stabilization of uncertain neutral systems with time‐varying delays. Delay‐dependent stability criteria are derived by taking the relationships between the terms in the Leibniz‐Newton formula into account. Free‐weighting matrices are employed to express these relationships, and they are easy to obtain because the new criteria are based on linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, the stability criteria are extended to the design of a stabilizing state feedback controller. Numerical examples demonstrate that these criteria are effective and are an improvement on previous ones. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Multi‐sensor track‐to‐track fusion via linear minimum variance sense estimators
Authors: Fong Li‐Wei
Published: August 2008

An integrated approach that consists of sensor‐based filtering algorithms, local processors, and a global processor is employed to describe the distributed fusion problem when several sensors execute surveillance over a certain area. For the sensor tracking systems, each filtering algorithm utilized in the reference Cartesian coordinate system is presented for target tracking, with the radar measuring range, bearing, and elevation angle in the spherical coordinate system (SCS). For the local processors, each track‐to‐track fusion algorithm is used to merge two tracks representing the same target. The number of 2‐combinations of a set withNdistinct sensors is considered for central track fusion. For the global processor, the data fusion algorithms, simplified maximum likelihood (SML) estimator and covariance matching method (CMM), based on linear minimum variance (LMV) estimation fusion theory, are developed for use in a centralized track‐to‐track fusion situation. The resulting global fusers can be implemented in a parallel structure to facilitate estimation fusion calculation. Simulation results show that the proposed SML estimator has a more robust capability of improving tracking accuracy than the CMM and the LMV estimators. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Onℋ︁∞model reduction for discrete‐time linear time‐invariant systems using linear matrix inequalities
Authors: Ebihara Yoshio , Hirai Yoshito , Hagiwara Tomomichi
Published: August 2008

In this paper, we address the ℋ︁∞model reduction problem for linear time‐invariant discrete‐time systems. We revisit this problem by means of linear matrix inequality (LMI) approaches and first show a concise proof for the well‐known lower bounds on the approximation error, which is given in terms of the Hankel singular values of the system to be reduced. In addition, when we reduce the system order by the multiplicity of the smallest Hankel singular value, we show that the ℋ︁∞optimal reduced‐order model can readily be constructed via LMI optimization. These results can be regarded as complete counterparts of those recently obtained in the continuous‐time system setting.
Optimal control and robust stability of uncertain impulsive dynamical systems
Authors: Liu Bin , Teo Kok Lay , Liu Xinzhi
Published: August 2008

This paper studies the problem of optimal feedback control and robust stability for uncertain impulsive dynamical systems. By using algebraic inequalities, Riccati and Hamilton‐Jacobi inequalities, the conditions are derived under which not only the uncertain impulsive dynamical system has robust asymptotic stability but also the value of the optimal hybrid performance functional can be estimated. An example is also given to illustrate our results. © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Catastrophizing and treatment outcome: differential impact on response to placebo and active treatment outcome
Authors: Sullivan Michael JL , Lynch Mary E , Clark A John , Mankovsky Tsipora , Sawynok Jana
Published: August 2008

Background: The primary objective of this study was to examine the differential impact of catastrophic thinking on response to placebo and active treatment in the context of a clinical trial for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Secondary objectives included examination of specific dimensions of catastrophic thinking that influence response to placebo and active treatment.

Methods: A sample of 46 patients (26 men, 20 women) with neuropathic pain were randomly assigned to a placebo (n = 24) or treatment (amitriptyline + ketamine) condition (n = 22). All patients completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale prior to treatment.

Results: There were no significant differences between placebo and active treatment on pain reduction. In the placebo condition, high scores on the PCS were associated with greater pain reduction (r = 0.42, p < 0.05), while in the treatment condition, higher PCS scores were associated with less pain reduction (r = −0.51, p < 0.01). Additional analyses revealed that individuals in the active treatment condition reported slightly more side effects than individuals in the placebo condition, and that catastrophizing was significantly correlated with the report of side effects (r = 0.29, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Catastrophizing appears to have a differential impact on treatment response to placebo and active treatment. Given that side effects are more likely with active treatments than placebos, high levels of catastrophizing might impact negatively on active treatment effects but not necessarily on placebo effects. Discussion addresses how pain catastrophizing may contribute to null findings in clinical trials of interventions for pain disorders. Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metallaboranes of the Early Transition Metals: Direct Synthesis and Characterization of [{(η5‐C5Me5)Ta}2BnHm] (n=4, m=10; n=5, m=11), [{(η5‐C5Me5)Ta}2B5H10(C6H4CH3)], and [{(η5‐C5Me5)TaCl}2B5H11]
Authors: Bose Shubhankar Kumar , Geetharani K. , Varghese Babu , Mobin Shaikh M. , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: August 2008

Reaction of [Cp*TaCl4] (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) with a sixfold excess of LiBH4⋅thf followed by BH3⋅thf in toluene at 100 °C led to the isolation of hydrogen‐rich metallaboranes [(Cp*Ta)2B4H10] (1), [(Cp*Ta)2B5H11] (2), [(Cp*Ta)2B5H10(C6H4CH3)] (3), and [(Cp*TaCl)2B5H11] (4) in modest yield. Compounds 1–3 are air‐ and moisture‐sensitive but 4 is reasonably stable in air. Their structures are predicted by the electron‐counting rules to be a bicapped tetrahedron (1), bicapped trigonal bipyramids (2, 3), and a nido structure based on a closo dodecahedron (4). Yellow tantalaborane 1 has a nido geometry with C2v symmetry and is isostructural with [(Cp*M)2B4H8] (M=Cr and Re); whereas 2 and 3 are C3v‐symmetric and isostructural with [(Cp*M)2B5H9] (M=Cr, Mo, W) and [(Cp*ReH)2B5Cl5]. The most remarkable feature of 4 is the presence of a hydride ligand bridging the ditantalum center to form a symmetrical tantalaborane cluster with a long TaTa bond (3.22 Å). Cluster 4 is a rare example of electronically unsaturated metallaborane containing four TaHB bonds. All these new metallaboranes have been characterized by mass spectrometry, 1H, 11B, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, and the structural types were unequivocally established by crystallographic analysis of 1–4.
The prognostic role of comorbidity in salivary gland carcinoma
Authors: Terhaard Chris H. J. , van der Schroeff Marc P. , van Schie Kim , Eerenstein Simone E. J. , Lubsen Herman , Kaanders Johannes H. A. M. , Smeele Ludwig E. , Burlage Fred R. , van Den Ende Piet L. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J.
Published: August 2008

BACKGROUND.

Patients with head and neck cancer are prone to develop significant comorbidity mainly because of the high incidence of tobacco and alcohol abuse, both of which are etiologic and prognostic factors. However, to the authors' knowledge little is known regarding the prognostic relevance of comorbidity in patients with salivary gland cancer.

METHODS.

A retrospective cohort of 666 patients with salivary gland cancer was identified within the Dutch Head and Neck Oncology Cooperative Group database. For multivariate analysis, a Cox proportional hazards model was used to study the effect of comorbidity on overall survival and disease‐specific survival.

RESULTS.

According to the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation‐27 (ACE‐27) index, 394 patients (64%) had grade 0 comorbidity, 119 patients (19%) had grade 1 comorbidity, 71 patients (12%) had grade 2 comorbidity, and 29 patients (5%) had grade 3 comorbidity. In multivariate analysis for overall survival, the ACE‐27 comorbidity grade was a strong independent prognostic variable. The hazards ratio (HR) of death, including all causes, was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1‐2.1) for patients with ACE‐27 grade 1 comorbidity versus grade 0 comorbidity (P < .007). The HR was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.2‐2.5) for grade 2 comorbidity (P = .003) and 2.7 (95% CI, 1.5‐4.7) for grade 3 comorbidity versus grade 0 comorbidity (P = .001). In the current analysis, ACE‐27 comorbidity grade was not an independent prognostic factor for disease‐free survival.

CONCLUSIONS.

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study concerning the prevalence and relevance of the prognostic comorbidity variable ACE‐27 grade in patients with salivary gland cancer. Overall survival, but not disease‐free survival, was correlated strongly with ACE‐27 grade. Compared with other studies that investigated the effect of comorbidity on patients with head and neck cancer, patients with salivary gland cancer had less comorbidity. Their comorbid status appeared to be reasonably comparable to that of patients with other nonsmoking‐ and nonalcohol‐related cancers. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Lipolysis—Not inflammation, cell death, or lipogenesis—Is involved in adipose tissue loss in cancer cachexia
Authors: Rydén Mikael , Agustsson Thorhallur , Laurencikiene Jurga , Britton Tom , Sjölin Eva , Isaksson Bengt , Permert Johan , Arner Peter
Published: August 2008

BACKGROUND.

Cancer cachexia is an important, negative prognostic marker that has been linked to systemic inflammation and cell death through unclear mechanisms. A key feature of cancer cachexia is loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) because of increased adipocyte lipolysis and possibly reduced lipid synthesis (lipogenesis). In this study, the authors investigated whether alterations in fat cell numbers, lipogenesis, or cytokine and/or leukocyte infiltration could account for some of the functional changes observed in WAT in cancer cachexia.

METHODS.

Blood and subcutaneous WAT samples were obtained from a 10 weight‐stable patients, from 13 weight losing (cachexia) patients with cancer, and from 5 patients without cancer (noncancer patients) who initially were classified with cancer.

RESULTS.

Systemic inflammation (increased circulating levels of interleukin 6 [IL‐6]) and enhanced lipolysis were confirmed in the cachectic patients compared with the other patients. However, the messenger RNA expression of IL‐6 and other cytokine or leukocyte markers, as well as WAT secretion of IL‐6, were not altered in the patients with cachexia. Thus, the elevated serum levels of IL‐6 that were observed in cachexia were not derived from WAT. Insulin‐induced lipogenesis in adipocytes from patients with cachexia was the same as that in adipocytes from patients with weight‐stable cancer and from noncancer patients (2.5‐fold maximal stimulation; half‐maximum effective concentration, ∼0.03 nmol/L). Fat cell size was decreased but adipocyte numbers were normal in cancer patients with cachexia, suggesting that there was no major fat cell death.

CONCLUSIONS.

The current findings indicated that subcutaneous WAT does not contribute to the systemic inflammatory reaction and does not induce adipocyte insulin resistance in cancer cachexia. Moreover, increased fat cell lipolysis, not reduced lipogenesis or adipocyte cell death, appeared to be the primary cause of fat loss in this condition. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Predictors of patient preferences and treatment choices for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Sommers Benjamin D. , Beard Clair J. , D'Amico Anthony V. , Kaplan Irving , Richie Jerome P. , Zeckhauser Richard J.
Published: August 2008

BACKGROUND.

Little is known regarding how patients select treatment for localized prostate cancer. This study examined determinants of patients' preferences for health states related to prostate cancer, and assessed whether preferences and/or other factors predict treatment choices.

METHODS.

A survey of 167 patients with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer was conducted in 4 academic medical practices from 2004 to 2007. The authors assessed demographic and health factors, and used a time‐tradeoff method to elicit preferences in the form of quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) regarding health states related to prostate cancer. Linear regressions identified predictors of preferences (in QALYs) for erectile dysfunction (ED), urinary incontinence, rectal/bowel symptoms, and metastatic prostate cancer. Linear probability models identified predictors of treatment choice.

RESULTS.

Patient preferences were affected by a range of behavioral, demographic, and health factors. For example, sexually active men reported significantly lower QALYs for living with ED, and men with family members who died of cancer reported lower QALYs for metastatic disease. The strongest predictor of treatment was the type of physician seen (radiation oncology vs urology) at the time of the survey. Age and tumor grade also were found to be strongly predictive of treatment. In general, QALYs were not found to predict treatment choice.

CONCLUSIONS.

Patient preferences, as reported in QALYs, are shaped by reasonable behavioral and demographic influences. However, actual treatment choices appear to bear little relation to these patient preferences, and instead demonstrate a strong association with clinician specialty. More attention to variation in preferences among patients, as well as the use of decision‐support technologies, may enable physicians to facilitate more optimal individualized treatment choices for patients with prostate cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Orvieto Enrico , Maiorano Eugenio , Bottiglieri Luca , Maisonneuve Patrick , Rotmensz Nicole , Galimberti Viviana , Luini Alberto , Brenelli Fabricio , Gatti Giovanna , Viale Giuseppe
Published: August 2008

BACKGROUND.

Although invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histotype of breast cancer, the prognostic implications of its clinicopathologic characteristics remain controversial.

METHODS.

The authors undertook a retrospective analysis of a large series of cases treated and followed at a single institution, with the objective of assessing the prognostic/predictive value of distinct clinicopathologic features of the tumors, after revision of the original histopathologic preparations and statistical analyses.

RESULTS.

Overall, 530 patients with pure ILC (57% with the classic type; 19% with the alveolar type; 11% with the solid type; and the remaining 13% characterized by pleomorphic, signet ring cell, histiocytoid, or apocrine features) were included in the study. Tumor size, lymph node metastatic involvement, and hormonal status were confirmed to be significant prognostic factors. In addition, statistically significant correlations were demonstrated between the ‘classic’ histotype of ILC and a lower risk of axillary lymph node metastases (P = .0005), a reduced number of metastatic lymph nodes (P = .04), and lower tumor grade (P < .0001). Patients with ILC of the ‘nonclassic’ subtype demonstrated significantly increased breast‐related events (hazards ratio of 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.04‐3.10) and a trend toward reduced disease‐free survival and overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS.

The results of the current study confirm the clinical usefulness of several traditional clinicopathologic features of ILC as prognostic parameters but also emphasize the prognostic role of the histopathologic subtyping of these tumors, documenting the more favorable outcome of the classic subtype of ILC. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Functional Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes on Aluminum Oxide
Authors: Roskamp Robert F. , Vockenroth Inga K. , Eisenmenger Nancy , Braunagel Julia , Köper Ingo
Published: August 2008

Tethered bilayer lipid membranes are established as well‐suited model membrane systems adaptable to different surfaces, for example, gold and silicon. These solid supported membranes are highly flexible in their tethering and lipid parts and can thus be optimized for functional incorporation of membrane proteins. The excellent sealing properties of the tethered membranes allow incorporated ion‐channel proteins to be investigated. Preparation of ultrasmooth aluminum oxide by sputtering and synthesis of new tethering lipids with phosphonic acid anchor groups enable formation of an electrically sealing membrane on this surface. This process is monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. High sealing performance of the membrane and functional incorporation of the ion carrier valinomycin are demonstrated.
Do obsessive compulsive symptoms mediate the relationship between maternal eating psychopathology and restrictive feeding practices?
Authors: Farrow Claire V. , Blissett Jacqueline
Published: August 2008

Objective:

Symptoms of maternal eating disorders have been linked with the use of maladaptive restrictive child feeding practices. However, how these symptoms impact upon restriction in child feeding is poorly understood. The aims of this research were to assess whether symptoms of obsessive compulsiveness, which are often comorbid with eating disorder symptoms, mediate the relationships between maternal eating disorder symptoms and the use of restrictive feeding practices.

Method:

A total of 128 mothers of children aged 2–6 years completed measures of their restrictive feeding practices, symptoms of eating disorders, and obsessive compulsiveness.

Results:

Maternal restriction was positively correlated with symptoms of drive for thinness, bulimia, and checking and cleaning obsessions and compulsions. Cleaning obsessions and compulsions mediated the relationships between maternal drive for thinness and feeding restriction.

Conclusion:

Cleaning obsessions and compulsions may help to explain the relationships between some symptoms of maternal eating disorders and the use of restrictive feeding practices. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Staudinger Reaction as a Way Out To Avoid Cyclization in the Reaction of Silylated Dichloro(hydrazino)phosphane with Trimethylsilyl Azide
Authors: Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander
Published: August 2008

Reaction of dichloro‐N,N′,N′‐[tris(trimethylsilyl)]hydrazinophosphane (1) with Me3SiN3 leads after an initial chlorine/azide exchange in a Staudinger reaction to a new phosphorus azide. The in situ formed phosphoranimine reacts with GaCl3 by Me3SiCl elimination, resulting in a phosphoranimino–dichlorogallane, which dimerizes to a Ga2N2‐four‐membered ring. The overall reaction at ambient temperature represents a fast and clean high‐yielding reaction (reaction time 2 h). The dimer of the formed azido–phosphoranimino–dichlorogallane was fully characterized and shown to be stable to temperatures above 103 °C.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Biphenyl‐Based Disc‐ vs. Rod‐Shaped Phenylacetylenes: Mesomorphism and Electronic Properties
Authors: Hennrich Gunther , Ortiz Pedro D. , Cavero Emma , Hanes Robert E. , Serrano José Luis
Published: August 2008

A standard Sonogashira coupling protocol has been applied for the preparation of a C3‐symmetric phenylacetylene (2) and the corresponding linear phenylacetylene (3) incorporating terminal biphenyl substituents. The study of the mesomorphic properties of the target compounds, as well as mixtures of both, reveals that only the calamitic biphenylylacetylene 3 forms smectic liquid crystals. Upon investigating the electronic situation of both biphenylylacetylenes by spectroscopic methods and computational calculations, it becomes evident that 2 can be considered the trimeric analogue of 3 which however does not form liquid crystalline phases.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Novel Amino‐Acid‐Derived Sulfinamides and Their Evaluation as Ligands for the Enantioselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Zani Lorenzo , Eriksson Lars , Adolfsson Hans
Published: August 2008

Novel chiral mono‐sulfinyl diamines bearing a stereogenic sulfur atom were prepared in moderate to good yields starting from amino acids by means of a reductive amination of the corresponding amino aldehydes. Their potential as ligands for asymmetric catalysis was evaluated in the metal‐catalyzed enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of alkyl‐aryl ketones. The catalysts were generated in situ from sulfinamides 1a–i and arene complexes of rhodium and ruthenium, and the catalytic reductions led to the formation of chiral alcohols with up to 91 % ee. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Identification as an organizational anchor: how identification and job satisfaction combine to predict turnover intention
Authors: de Moura Georgina Randsley , Abrams Dominic , Retter Carina , Gunnarsdottir Sigridur , Ando Kaori
Published: August 2008

The article examines the role of organizational identification and job satisfaction in relation to turnover intentions in seven organizations. Two models are proposed in which either job satisfaction or organizational identification was treated as a mediator of the other's relationship with turnover intention. The organizations varied in terms of culture (Japan vs. UK), and institutional domain (academic, business, health, mail, legal). Within each organization, and meta‐analytically combined across the seven samples (N = 1392), organizational identification mediated the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention more than job satisfaction mediated the relationship between organizational identification, and turnover intention. Organizational identification also had the larger overall relationship with turnover intention. This pattern remained true when gender, age, type of organization, culture, and length of tenure were accounted for, although the direct relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention was stronger in private than public organizations and when the ratio of men was higher. The findings are consistent with a social identity theory (SIT) perspective and with the idea that identification is a more proximal predictor of turnover intention. Over and above job satisfaction, organizational identification offers a strong psychological anchor that discourages turnover intention in a range of organizational contexts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medical demography and intergenerational inequalities in general practitioners' earnings
Authors: Dormont B. , Samson A.‐L.
Published: August 2008

This article examines the link between restrictions on the number of physicians and general practitioners' (GPs) earnings. Using a representative panel of 6016 French self‐employed GPs over the years 1983–2004, we estimate an earnings function to identify experience, time and cohort effects. The estimated gap in earnings between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ cohorts can be as large as 25%. GPs who began their practices during the eighties have the lowest permanent earnings: they belong to the large cohorts of the baby‐boom and face the consequences of an unlimited number of places in medical schools. Conversely, the decrease in the number of places in medical schools led to an increase in permanent earnings of GPs who began their practices in the mid‐nineties. A stochastic dominance analysis shows that unobserved heterogeneity does not compensate for average differences in earnings between cohorts. These findings suggest that the first years of practice are decisive for a GP. If competition between physicians is too intense at the beginning of their careers, they will suffer from permanently lower earnings. To conclude, our results show that the policies aimed at reducing the number of medical students succeeded in buoying up physicians' permanent earnings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expenditure dispersion and dietary quality: evidence from Canada
Authors: Beatty Timothy K. M.
Published: August 2008

This paper examines links between the way in which a household spreads their food expenditure over time and the dietary quality of the food they purchase. I find that households who make more frequent, smaller food purchases buy healthier foods than households who make fewer, larger purchases. These households are more likely to purchase foods with a lower share of total calories from fats, saturated fats and a larger share of calories from fruits and vegetables. The analysis is extended using quantile regression. The effect of expenditure dispersion is found to be largest among households with poor diets i.e. those households with diets high in saturated fats and low in fruits and vegetables. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer of the external auditory canal and middle ear in Denmark from 1992 to 2001
Authors: Madsen Anders Rørbæk , Gundgaard Maria G. , Hoff Camilla M. , Maare Christian , Holmboe Peter , Knap Marianne , Thomsen Lone L. , Buchwald Christian , Hansen Hanne S. , Bretlau Poul , Grau Cai
Published: August 2008

Background.

In the context of the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Group, nationwide material from 1992–2001 was analyzed to study the extent and nature of the disease, evaluate treatment, compare staging systems, and examine prognosis and survival.

Methods.

Review of 68 consecutive cases: 47 squamous cell carcinoma, 10 basal cell carcinoma, and 11 other histologies. Moody (modified Pittsburgh) stages were T1 (26), T2 (9), T3 (8), T4 (23), Tx (2). Sixty‐four patients were treated with curative intent: 24 primary radiotherapy, 18 primary surgery, and 22 combined. Surgery was limited to tumor excision and mastoidectomy and in 1 case temporal bone excision.

Results.

Twenty‐seven of 28 recurrences involved primary site. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed 5‐year locoregional control of 48%, disease‐specific survival 57%, and overall survival 44%.

Conclusion.

This nationwide study confirmed that local failure is the main problem, and future improvements should focus on more aggressive local treatment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Mucosal melanomas of the head and neck: The Princess Margaret Hospital experience
Authors: Bachar Gideon , Loh Kwok Seng , O'Sullivan Brian , Goldstein David , Wood Stephen , Brown Dale , Irish Jonathan
Published: August 2008

Background.

The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic variables in mucosal melanoma of the head and neck.

Methods.

A retrospective review of 61 cases over a 41‐year period was undertaken. Local, regional, and distant failures were major outcome measures. Demographic, clinical, and pathological parameters were identified and correlated with outcomes.

Results.

The median age at diagnosis was 68 years. Sinonasal cavity involvement occurred in 80.3% of patients and 16.4% occurred in the oral cavity. Local, regional, and distant recurrences were 60.7%, 19.7%, and 49.2%, respectively. Two‐year and 5‐year disease‐free survivals were 25.8% and 8%, respectively. Disease‐specific survival at 5 years was 28.7%. Age <50 years significantly correlated with a longer median survival time.

Conclusion.

The most common occurrence site was the sinonasal cavity. Local and distant recurrences are common irrespective of treatment modalities. Younger patients have a relatively better prognosis. Disseminated disease is common and the overall prognosis is poor. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Indications of cricohyoidoepiglottopexy versus anterior frontal laryngectomy: The role of contralateral vocal fold spread
Authors: Bakhos David , Lescanne Emmanuel , Beutter Patrice , Morinière Sylvain
Published: August 2008

Background.

The aim of the retrospective study was to compare the indications, the postoperative outcomes, and the survival of the supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy and the anterior frontal laryngectomy.

Method.

Nineteen patients who underwent cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (group I) and 23 patients who underwent reconstructive anterior frontal laryngectomy (group II) from January 1992 and December 2004 have been reviewed. We have compared their respective indications and postoperative outcomes.

Results.

There were no differences for median time before decanulation. Median time for removal feeding tube, for first oral alimentation, and hospital stay period were significantly shorter in group II. Five‐year survival was 85% (group I) and 95% (group II). Local tumor control was obtained in 83% in group I and in 87% in group II.

Conclusion.

Cricohyoidoepiglottopexia (CHEP) was used more often than anterior frontal laryngectomy when there was contralateral vocal fold spread but resulted in longer postoperative outcomes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Evaluation of postoperative drainage with application of platelet‐rich and platelet‐poor plasma following hemithyroidectomy: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yoo John , Roth Kathryn , Hughes Brian , Fung Kevin , Franklin Jason , Lampe Howard , Pietrzak William S.
Published: August 2008

Background.

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) have been used to improve hemostasis and wound healing after surgery; however, randomized controlled trials proving their efficacy are lacking.

Methods.

Hemithyroidectomy was performed on 52 patients. Autologous PRP and PPP were applied during wound closure in the treatment group, while saline was applied in the controls. Outcome measures were postoperative drainage, pain, analgesic use, and length of hospital stay.

Results.

The 24‐hour cumulative drainage was reduced by 29.3% in the treatment group (44.9 mL vs 63.5 mL, p = .039). The treatment group required less analgesic medication despite similar pain scores; however, the difference was not significant. There was a trend toward decreased length of stay for thePRP/PPP group (p = .059).

Conclusions.

Hemithyroidectomy served as a stringent test to evaluate the wound‐healing capacity of platelet‐rich and platelet‐poor plasma. This study provides evidence that PRP and PPP reduced postoperative drainage in soft‐tissue surgery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Ultrasound‐guided aspiration cytology for the assessment of the clinically N0 neck: Factors influencing its accuracy
Authors: Borgemeester Maarten C. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , van Tinteren Harm , Smeele Ludi E. , Pameijer Frank A. , van Velthuysen Marie‐Louise F. , Balm Alfons J. M.
Published: August 2008

Background.

Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (US‐FNAC) can be used to diminish the risk of missing occult metastases and for early detection during follow‐up.

Methods.

A retrospective study was performed in 163 surgically treated patients without palpable neck nodes (N0). One hundred twenty‐six patients underwent planned elective neck dissections, and 37 were planned for a wait‐and‐see strategy, but preoperative US‐FNAC could change this policy if metastases were detected.

Results.

In the elective neck dissection group, US‐FNAC had a sensitivity of 39%, whereas in the wait‐and‐see group, the sensitivity was 18%. The 5‐year survival in the wait‐and‐see group did not differ from the patients with early oral cancer who underwent an elective neck dissection.

Conclusion.

Although the sensitivity of US‐FNAC in this study is low, especially in small oral cancer, the prognosis in the wait‐and‐see group is not affected. However, a wait‐and‐see strategy is only advantageous to a minority of the patients. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Predictors of level V metastasis in well‐differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Kupferman Michael E. , Weinstock Y. Etan , Santillan Alfredo A. , Mishra Anupam , Roberts Dianna , Clayman Gary L. , Weber Randal S.
Published: August 2008

Background.

Cervical lymphadenectomy is frequently performed in patients with lateral cervical lymph node metastases to improve regional control of disease. However, there is no consensus regarding the appropriate levels of the neck that need to be dissected. Treatment options that have been advocated include the modified radical neck dissection, limited neck dissections, and selective nodal excisions. In particular, the routine dissection of level V remains controversial due to the attendant morbidity to the spinal accessory nerve. To identify clinical and pathological predictors of cervical node metastases to level V in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, we reviewed our experience at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center for the management of metastatic well‐differentiated thyroid cancer.

Methods.

We retrospectively analyzed 70 patients who underwent thyroidectomy and neck dissection for well‐differentiated thyroid cancer at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.

Results.

In our series, 53% of neck specimens harbored metastatic thyroid carcinoma at level V. Additionally, 13 level V contralateral neck dissections were performed, and 57% were found positive for metastases. The presence of ipsilateral level V metastases was significantly associated with multifocal disease (p <.05), ipsilateral level II (p <.05), III (p <.05), or IV (p <.01) metastases. Furthermore, ipsilateral involvement of level V was associated with contralateral lymph node metastases (p <.05). Age, sex, and size of primary tumor were not found to be associated with level V metastases. Additionally, preoperative imaging was not sensitive for detecting the presence of level V metastases.

Conclusion.

In our series, cervical metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma were commonly present at level V. Patients with multifocal cancer within the thyroid gland, and cervical metastases in the ipsilateral jugular nodes have a higher risk of harboring metastatic disease at level V. We believe that routine dissection of the level V lymph nodes should be performed in the setting of a comprehensive neck dissection for patients with lateral neck metastasis from well‐differentiated thyroid cancer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008