bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kaolin Bleaching by Leaching Using Phosphoric Acid Solutions
Authors: Hernández Hernández Román A.
Published: April 2018

This paper presents a study of kaolin ore bleaching from the municipality of Agua Blanca of Iturbide, Hidalgo, México. This process was carried out using solutions of phosphoric acid as the leaching reagent for the iron dissolution process. It is well known that iron oxide is the major contaminant of clay minerals and silicate used in industry. These contents should be decreased, usually by .1%, to achieve a required whiteness index of 90% (ISO) or higher. The whitening improves its economic value, making it possible to use it as a high-quality raw material in industries such as ceramics and paper. For this purpose, we examined the effect of parameters such as the concentration of the leaching reagent (0.10 M,0.50 M,1 M, and3 M), temperature (298–373 K), and pH level (1, 2 and 3). The experimental results showed that the studied variables have a great influence over the ability to obtain an iron dissolution percentage of more than 98% after 2 hours and  373 K.
ANALISIS DATA FLOW DIAGRAM PENYAMPAIAN KELUHAN PADA INDUSTRI PENERBANGAN DI INDONESIA UNTUK PENINGKATAN KESELAMATAN PENERBANGAN
Authors: Nurdin Riani , Poerwanto Eko , Sajati Haruno
Published: April 2018

Keluhan  yang  sering  muncul  pada  Industri  Penerbangan  di  Indonesia  sebenarnya  menunjukkan  adanya permasalahan pada sistem penerbangan tersebut. Banyaknya keluhan berarti dapat dijadikan pendeteksi dini pada sistem sebelum muncul menjadi kecelakaan pada penerbangan. Peningkatan pemakai jasa penerbangan di    Indonesia belum  didukung  dengan  sistem  penyampaian  keluhan  yang  memadai,  baik  itu  keluhan  internal  maupun  eksternal. Kondisi seperti ini akan mempengaruhi orientasi keselamatan, keamanan dan kenyamanan di industri penerbangan. Salah satu solusi untuk mendeteksi apakah seluruh komponen sistem pada Industri Penerbangan di Indonesia sudah baik dan tidak dalam meningkatkan kinerja sistem adalah dengan mengadakan analisis data flow diagram pada pe-nyampaian keluhan pada Industri Penerbangan di Indonesia untuk meningkatkan kinerja keselamatan penerbangan. Analisis ini diharapkan dapat memudahkan dalam mengontrol, mengevaluasi dan perbaikan kondisi kinerja sistem penerbangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode perbandingan dan deskriptif serta bersifat produk terapan, sehingga diharapkan  output-nya  dapat  digunakan  untuk  menyempurnakan  pelayanan  keluhan  yang  saat  ini  dijalankan  oleh Dirjen Perhubungan Udara yang mempunyai tugas sebagai regulator dalam Industri Penerbangan di Indonesia. Tu-juan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan program State Safety Program (SSP) yang merupakan program yang lebih proaktif sehingga penyampaian keluhan di industri penerbangan dapat digunakan untuk analisis awal adanya masalah pada pelayanan industri penerbangan. Analisis data flow diagram penyampaian keluhan pada industri yang dilakukan adalah menjadikan nomor seluler sebagai input seluruh stakeholder pada industri penerbangan, sehingga menjadi data yang penting untuk diaktifkan dalam SMS Broadcast dengan pengiriman sms ke banyak nomor tujuan sekaligus dengan pesan yang sama. Strategi ini mengaktifkan seluruh stakeholder untuk memberikan informasi yang kondisi terkini pada seluruh sub-sistem pada sistem penerbangan di Indonesia. Hasil dari analisis data flow diagram menunjukkan bahwa adanya aliran informasi yang belum terintegrasi secara keseluruhan pada industri penerbangan.
Putting the spiritual into practice
Authors: Von Boguslawski Julia , Westerlund Jasmine
Published: April 2018

The aim of this article is to examine how Rudolf Steiner’s anthroposophical ideas were reflected and put into practice in the lives of the Finnish couple Olly (Olga) Donner (1881–1956, neé Sinebrychoff) and Uno Donner (1872–1958). They encountered anthroposophy in 1913 and subsequently embraced it as the guiding principle of their lives. Through a close examination of these two people we aim to shed light on how a new worldview like anthroposophy, which was gaining followers in early twentieth-century Finland, was also a manifestation of wider changes in religious culture in Europe. Our perspective could be described as biographical in the sense that it has been characterised by Simone Lässig (2008: 11) who writes that ‘the reconstruction of individual life courses helps to discover more about the context – for example, about daily rituals, pious practices, or kinship relationship’. Thus, the biographical perspective serves as a tool for grasping how something as deeply personal as an anthroposophical worldview was understood and practised, not only by Olly and Uno Donner, but also by a larger group of people who in the early twentieth century were looking for new ways to make sense of the surrounding world.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COGNITIVE ACADEMIC LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (CALLS) TO HELP THE STUDENTS IN RECOGNIZING THE LEXICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE STUDENTS TRANSLATION
Authors: Astuty Diah
Published: April 2018

his study aims to describe the sorts of lexical constraints that appeared on the students translation when translating some source language texts into some target language texts. The competence of linguistic fields that the students have acquired is in the fact assumed to be inadequate and it can cause the lexical constraints.Keywords: CALLS, lexical constraints,source language text,target language text
Developing Lesson Plan of Teaching the Use of Figurative Language in Their Context
Authors: Luthfihayati Dian
Published: April 2018

Semantic  is one of the branches of linguistics studying about meaning. Meanings are ideas or concepts that can be transferred from the mind of the speaker to the mind of the hearer. As we know that sometimes similar expression may have different meaningif  it is used in different contextKeywords: lesson plan, teaching, figurative language
ANALISIS AFIKS DALAM BAHASA ARAB, BAHASA INDONESIA, DAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Nurman Moh
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini mencoba mendeskripsikan jenis afiks secara komprehensif melalui analisis afiks dalam tiga bahasa, yaitu: bahasa Arab, bahasa Inggris, dan bahasa Indonesia. Data jenis afiks diambil dari beberapa buku linguistik umum dan morfologi. Data ini kemudian dilengkapi dengan analisis kata berafiks yang ada dalam kamus setiap bahasa tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembagian jenis afiks yang lebih lengkap, yaitu delapan jenis afiks. Kedelapan jenis afiks ini adalah: prefiks, sufiks, infiks, konfiks, interfiks, simulfiks, superfiks, dan transfiks. Dari delapan jenis afiks ini, bahasa Indonesia memiliki jumlah afiks terbanyak, yaitu lima jenis afiks. Sedangkan bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Arab masing-masing memiliki empat jenis afiks.Keywords: Morfologi, Afiks, Prefiks, Sufiks, Infiks, Konfiks, Interfiks, Simulfiks, Superfiks, Dan Transfiks
DEVELOPING CONTEXTUAL LESSON PLANNING TO ENGAGE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING IN THE ROLE OF GENDER IN LANGUAGE USED IN DAILY LIFE
Authors: Haryani Tiara Retno
Published: April 2018

Language is not only simply a means of communicating information, but also means of establishing and maintaining relationship with other people (Trudgil, 2000). In social life, the first thing that you will notice is the gender of the person we met. It is a fundamental and obvious thing before we can have an interaction or communication with somebody else. The objective of the activity is to direct the students in understanding the role of gender in language for daily life more deeply. The students are expected to be able analyze the language phenomena in their daily life. The activity is started by explaining the materials to the students about gender role, gender bias, and gender dialect used. The second step is that grouping the students and asks them to discuss about the phenomena of gender in language used in their society so that they know how the characteristic of each gender in their society. The last step is discussing the results together in class. This activity is probably appropriate for the advanced learners, such as university students. It can gain the students’ knowledge and raising the students’ confident in stating their opinion in discussion. Keywords: contextual, lesson planning, role of gender
THE EFFECT OF USING FLASHCARDS ON STUDENT VOCABULARY MASTERY
Authors: Fatmawaty Riryn
Published: April 2018

As we know that vocabulary is as a major component of language learning. Without having adequate vocabulary we will get difficulty to learn English. So that way it has to be mastered by learners. It should be the first priority in English language teaching and learning because as a central of language teaching and learning. It means that by mastering vocabulary, of course with grammar, the learners will produce so many sentences easily either in spoken or written one. Actually, there are many methods that used by teacher in English's teaching in order to reach the goal in teaching and learning English, such as using cartoon movies, pictures, jigsaws, games, song and etc. Another way is learning through vocabulary card or flashcard. As we listen and read, we often meet new words by flashcard. A flashcard is a set of cards bearing information, as words or numbers, on either or both sides, used in classroom drills or in private study". The problem of the study is the students vocabulary mastery of MI. Babul Ulum Dorogede Gedangan Sukodadi Lamongan is very low, so researcher does a research in that school in a month, there are two meetings for doing pre test and post test, while four time for teaching and learning activities for each class by using flashcard. In doing research, the experimental class were given several treatments, while the control group get the lesson as usual. The topics lessons, teacher, pre-test and post test were same, but the method of teaching was different. Based on the result of statistic test, it is known that the result scores of experiment class is higher than control class and it is described as follows; based on the normality test, that the result from experiment class is (-2,7756 < 11,3449), and from control class is (-19,6799 < 11,3449). That means H0 received, both samples is from population distributes normal. Based on the homogeneity test is (2,25 < 3,69), that H0 us received. So that, both samples is from variant homogeneity. Based on the differences between mean with the t-test, that is (2,12 < 6,69), means that H0 is refused. So, the final score of students who taught by using flashcard is better than the students who do not use.Keywords: Flashcard, Vocabulary mastery
Penggunaan Metode Pemecahan Masalah Sistematis (Systematic Approach to Problem Solving) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Pembelajaran pada Tema Getaran dan Gelombang Siswa Kelas VIII-A SMP Negeri 3 Ngimbang
Authors: Zamroni Zamroni
Published: April 2018

Untuk  meningkatkan  hasil  pembelajaran  siswa  kelas  VIII  A  pada  tema  getaran  dan gelombang  dilakukan  Penelitian  Tindakan  Kelas.  Tujuan  yang  ingin  dicapai  dari penelitian  ini  adalah  upaya  menjelaskan  atau  meningkatkan  keaktivan  siswa  melalui penggunaa metode pemecahan massalah sistematis (Systematic Approach to Problem Solving)  ,  upaya  meningkatkan  hasil  belajar  pada  siswa  melalui  penggunaa  metode pemecahan massalah sistematis (Systematic Approach to Problem Solving). Penelitian ini  terdiri  dari  dua  siklus  dengan  menggunakan  teknik  analisis  data  deskriptif kuantitatif  dan  kualitatif,  melalui  tahap  perencanaan,  pelaksanaan  tindakan  dan observasi,  serta  refleksi.  Pengumpulan  data  dibantu  teman  sejawat  sebagai kolaborator  melalui  instrumen  observasi untuk  mengamati  aktivitas  guru  dan  siswa, instrumen angket untuk mengetahui respon siswa sete lah mendapatkan pembelajaran, dan soal tes tulis untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, aktivivas siswa terhadap pembelajaran dengan metode pemecahan massalah sistematis  (Systematic  Approach  to  Problem  Solving)  mengalami  Dengan  demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa keaktivan siswa berada pada kategori aktif, ketuntasan hasil belajar  siswa  mengalami  peningkatan  setelah  menggunakan  metode  pemecahanmasalah sistematis (Systematic Approach to Problem Solving)Keywords: Hasil Pembelajaran, pemecahan massalah sistematis (Systematic Approach to Problem Solving)
KAJIAN HAK ATAS KEKAYAAN INTEKTUAL KEKUATAN MENGIKAT KLAUSULA RAHASIA DAGANG SETELAH BERAKHIRNYA PERJANJIAN KERJA
Authors: Lailyyah Elis Qomatul , Suseno Irit
Published: April 2018

Perdagangan bebas yang memperluas ruang gerak arus transaksi barang dan/atau jasa yang didalamnya terdapat sumber daya yang sangat berharga yang berupa HAKI seperti rahasia dagang yang harus dilindungi. Permasalahan dari penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana mengikatnya klausula Rahasia Dagang setelah berakhirnya perjanjian kerja dan Upaya hukum apa yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemilik Rahasia Dagang sebagai akibat berakhirnya perjanjian kerja. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Hukum Normatif (normative legal research). Hasil penelitian pertama ini menyimpulkan bahwa mengikatnya klausula rahasia dagang setelah berakhirnya perjanjian kerja adalah tergantung pada perjanjian dan kesepakatan antara para pihak tentang jangka waktu berlakunya klausula tersebut. Dan upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan pemilik rahasia dagang adalah berdasarkan dengan peraturan perundangan Rahasia Dagang.Kata Kunci: Rahasia Dagang, Klausula, Perjanjian Kerja
Principios activos de bajo período de carencia para el control de plagas y enfermedades en verduras de hoja.
Authors: Pinto Ruiz Gabriel A. , Tarragó José R. , Álvarez Roberto E.
Published: April 2018

La producción de hortalizas de hoja es un sistema intensivo, cuyos productos son comercializados en fresco por lo que deben cumplir condiciones de inocuidad para los consumidores. La utilización de métodos de control químico en estos sistemas debe considerar el cumplimiento de uso de productos fitosanitarios autorizados, de bajo impacto ambiental y de los días de carencia para cada situación, producto y dosis. Considerando lo anteriormente expuesto se realizó una recopilación bibliográfica de los productos autorizados para el control de plagas en cultivos hortícolas de hojas a los fines de facilitar a los asesores técnicos la toma de decisiones en el momento de realizar una recomendación de control químico. Esta guía está compuesta por listas de principios activos registrados con hasta 8 días de carencia y sus valores de EIQ ecológico como herramienta a la hora de seleccionar un principio activo. En el siguiente trabajo se presenta una lista de principios activos permitidos para usar en el control de plagas en los cultivos de acelga, espinaca, rúcula, perejil, lechuga, repollo, apio y achicoria, como así también información importante a la hora de realizar una prescripción de un tratamiento fitosanitario. La utilización adecuada de esta información contribuiría a una producción de hortalizas inocuas para el consumo y con menor impacto ambiental posible.
Kirzner’in Girişimcilik Teorisinin Avusturya İktisat Okulundaki Yeri ve Önemi
Authors: Cengiz Sibel
Published: April 2018

Avusturya İktisat Okulunun temsilcilerinden biri olan Kirzner’in
“Girişimsel Keşif Teorisi” Mises’in ve Hayek’in piyasa süreciyle ilgili
görüşlerinden esinlenmiştir. Ana akım iktisatla çok ortak noktası olan Hayek’in
analizinin bazı problemleri vardır. Çünkü Hayek, piyasadaki tüm katılımcıların
fiyat alıcı olduğunu varsaymaktadır. Fiyatların nasıl belirlendiği ve onların
tekrar nasıl dengeye geleceği bir sorun olarak varlığını devam ettirmiştir.
Kirzner, Hayek’in bu teorik boşluğunu Mises tarafından geliştirilen “Girişimsel
Fiyat Ayarlama Teorisini” kullanarak doldurmaya çalışmıştır. Kirzner’in
teorisinde, fiyat alıcı olan girişimcidir. Girişimciler ekonomik koşullardaki
değişimleri algılar ve yeni piyasa koşullarına uyum sağlamak için uyarlanan
fiyatlar ve bireysel kararlar arasındaki eksik koordinasyonu keşfederler.
Kirzner’in girişimcilik perspektifi modern piyasa ekonomilerinde ekonomik
koordinasyon sürecinin açıklanmasıdır. Dolayısıyla çalışma, hem Kirzner’in
girişimcilik teorisinin Avusturya İktisat Okulundaki yerini ve önemini hem de
modern girişimcilik teorilerine katkılarını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Egy nyitott, valós szituáción alapuló feladat variációi és lehetőségei az oktatásban és a didaktikai kutatásban
Authors: Ambrus Gabriella
Published: April 2018

A matematikatanításban a feladatok kiválasztásánál alapvető szempontok a tanítandó tananyag, és annak a csoportnak a szintje, akik majd részt vesznek a megoldásban. Vannak azonban olyan feladatok, amelyek jellegüknél fogva többféle módon is megoldhatók, és a megoldások aszerint is különböznek, hogy milyen feltételek mentén készültek – ezek az úgynevezett nyitott feladatok. Felhasználásuk és jelentőségük a matematikaoktatásban évtizedek óta kutatott téma. Ebben a témában én is évek óta végzek kutatásokat, melyhez egy alsó tagozatosoknak készült feladatomat (Ambrus, 2010) használom fel. A matematikai tartalmát megtartva, különféle szövegváltozatokat alakítottam ki. Vizsgálataim a felső tagozatosokon túl a középiskolai korosztályra, sőt a tanárszakos hallgatókra is kiterjednek. Bár a matematikai tartalom csekély, mégis nehéznek bizonyul általában a feladat megoldása, amelynek egyik oka, hogy a matematika-tankönyvek és -órák csupán ritkán foglalkoznak nyitott feladatokkal.
Fedezzük fel a megoldást: keressünk mintát!
Authors: Kónya Eszter , Kovács Zoltán
Published: April 2018

Az MTA Tantárgypedagógiai Kutatási Programja támogatásával egy olyan kutatási programot dolgoztunk ki, melyben a problémamegoldó gondolkodás sajátosságait vizsgáljuk az alsó tagozatos kortól kezdve tanárjelöltekkel bezárólag különböző képességű csoportokban. Dolgozatunkban egy olyan problémára adott tanulói válaszokat elemzünk, amely mindegyik korosztály számára valós problémaszituációt jelenthet. Kutatásunk elsősorban a tanulók modellalkotó és szabályfelismerő képességeiről ad képet, általánosabban arról, hogy a sorozatképzés, szabályfelismerés (összefoglalóan mintakeresés) és a megalkotott szabály indoklása hogyan vezet felfedezéshez. Külön vizsgáljuk azt is, hogy a probléma különböző típusú reprezentációi hogyan befolyásolják a problémamegoldás folyamatát.
Socialization Model of Tacit-Tacit Transfer Knowledge through Appreciative Inquiry Approach
Authors: Rachmawati Ani Wahyu
Published: April 2018

The aims of study is to describe combination of two big theory between Socialization model of tacit-tacit transfer knowledge and appreciative inquiry approach conceptually. This research idea comes to find better ways in tacit-tacit transfer of knowledge in knowledge management theory. This research is conceptual research and the limitation is about empirical study itself. The result of conceptual paper combine the process of tacit-tacit tansfer knowledge and appreciate inquiry in mental model, creative dialogue and develop mutual trust. Appreciative inquiry as a method to increase positive sense in tranfer knowlegde can be applied in tacit-tacit transfer knowledge phase in SECI Model.
Attitude et Motivation Créées
Authors: Senécal J. P.
Published: April 2018

Après avoir lu l’article d’Andue Obadia, je ne puis m’empêcher de sympathiser et de constater des problèmes parallèles qu’il y a entre l'enseignement du français chez des anglophones et l'enseignement de l'anglais, langue seconde au Québec. Je me permettrai, après avoir vécu avec mes collègues une expérience identique, de vous soumettre une façon de procéder qu’il m'est venu a l’idée de mettre en pratique après l’analyse des différentes constatations.
My Experience with the Second Credit of the Grade 13 French Program
Authors: Graham Jessie
Published: April 2018

I have been asked to speak of my experience with the 2nd credit of the Grade 13 French program. In the Fall of 1969, a malaise set in, mainly at the personal level, concerning the success of the two-credit course I had been teaching, with relatively few changes, for four years. It is a question that continues to plague me three years and two revisions later! My basic discontent was with the fact that the average student seemed bored. I attributed this, rightly or ·wrongly, to my failure to meet his needs in language.
Le Français dans nos "Inners"
Authors: Mantione Marie Antoinette
Published: April 2018

Pourquoi n'entend-on plus dans nos écoles, a l'entrée du professeur de français: "Peuh ! French again !" Beaucoup de raisons à cela mais surtout le plaisir de retourner chaque jour au professeur consciencieux, psychologiquement bien informe de ses élevés, souriant, agréable a regarder et a écouter, toujours d'égal humeur et offrant avec sympathie, conviction et spontanéité une leçon bien conduite et intéressante.
Civilization and Diversity Foreign Language Teaching in Hungary
Authors: Bancroft W. Jane
Published: April 2018

Hungary has a centralized education system - but "with differences." This was the phrase used by a number of teachers and professors of foreign languages whom I had occasion to interview during August, 1972 in Budapest. Foreign language programmes in Hungarian schools and universities are similar to those in the Soviet Union and in Soviet bloc countries; the Hungarian programmes, however, contain options that their Soviet and East European counterparts do not. It may be said that Hungarian education resembles the Soviet system, but "with differences."
Un bain culturel et linguistique de trois mois en milieu francophone, pent-il effacer les lacunes de l'immersion?
Authors: Lussier Denise , Massé Carole
Published: April 2018

Le but de cet article est de présenter les résultats de l'analyse de l'évolution des difficultés en communication orale de quatre é1èves anglophones issus d'un programme d'immersion et participant à un programme d'échange interlinguistique d'une dunée de trois mois en milieu francophone. L'hypothèse principale visait à vérifier si des élèves en immersion pouvaient se départir des erreurs dites « fossilisées » ou « d'interlangue » par le fait qu'ils étaient immergés en milieu francophone naturel. Trois entrevues orales et individuelles ont été administrées, et l'analyse des corpus langagiers a porté sur les erreurs linguistiques, sociolinguistiques et socioculturelles des élèves en français oral et sur une objectivation de 1'évolution de leur performance.
Teaching Academic Language Functions at the Secondary Level
Authors: Kidd Richard
Published: April 2018

An important element of integrated language and content instruction is the teaching of academic language functions (ALFs). This paper aims to clarify this topic for subject-area teachers at the secondary level, although the discussion may also be of interest to secondary ESL teachers as well as ESL and content-area teachers at the elementary and postsecondary levels. Two related questions are posed: (a) What, exactly, are ALFs? and (b) What is involved in teaching them? With respect to (a), it is suggested that ALFs are the special uses or purposes of language in content-area work, and that these can be categorized - on the basis of formal features for realizing them - into two types called microfunctions and macrojunctions. With respect to (b), it is recommended first that teaching should emphasize the concepts underlying ALFs, the forms for realizing them, and their names. Some pedagogic implications of the microfunction-macrofunction difference are then outlined, and some practical suggestions are given for teaching each type. Examples of specific ALFs are drawn from three textbooks currently in use in Manitoba schools for the teaching of secondary-level geography, history, and science, respectively.
Attrition in French Immersion Programs: Possible Solutions
Authors: Obadia André A. , Thériault Claire M.L.
Published: April 2018

The attrition of French Immersion Programs in Canada has become a source of concern for some parents and educators. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the perceptions French coordinators, helping teachers, school principals and French Immersion teachers in British Columbia had regarding the rate of attrition and their reasons for students leaving French Immersion Programs. This research differed from previous studies in that it also investigated the types of strategies being undertaken by administrators and educators to lower the attrition rate. Possible strategies to be implemented at the district, school, and individual classroom levels are discussed and an intervention project is proposed.
Affecting Affect: The Impact of Ethnic Language Programs on Students Attitudes
Authors: Tse Lucy
Published: April 2018

This paper reviews the available research on the effects of school-sponsored ethnic language programs on attitudinal factors, including ethnic language attitudes, ethnic group opinions, and students' views of themselves. The studies indicate a generally positive relationship between ethnic language contact and favorable affective orientations. Those who attend ethnic language programs - especially those programs integrated into the regular day school curriculum - have more positive views of the language, of the students' own ethnic group, and of themselves. Findings also suggest that students in ethnic language programs have more favorable attitudes toward speakers of other languages and more positive opinions of other ethnic groups. These results are discussed in terms of ethnic language instruction and suggestions are made for further research.
Practical and Scalable Synthesis of Isosorbide Derivatives Containing an Active Amine Group
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Hu Qiulong , Kang Shaoying , Li Jiangsheng , Li Heping , Xiong Xingyao
Published: April 2018

The synthesis of two derivatives of isosorbide containing an amine group, 6-amino-6-deoxy- O-3-methyl-isosorbide and 6-amino- O-3-benzoyl-6-deoxy-isosorbide, has been achieved. These compounds provide scope for the introduction of additional groups via their amino functions and thereby can provide access to novel isosorbide derivatives that can be screened for biological activity.
Design, simulation and development of a broadband electromagnetic angular vibrator
Authors: He Wen , Tang Bo , Jia Shushi
Published: April 2018

A novel broadband electromagnetic angular vibrator with a disk-type rotating coil is brought forward to satisfy the calibration demand of various angular vibration transducers. First, the structure of the electromagnetic angular vibrator is introduced, and the electromechanical coupling equation is established to reveal the relation between the input and output of the vibrator. Then, in order to realize wide operating frequency range and low total harmonic distortion of angular motion output, four key technologies have been adopted in our angular vibrator, which include a rotating coil made of a multilayer printed circuit board, a rotating component with a high torsional resonant frequency, a double-magnetic-source magnetic circuit with pole shoes and a linear suspension device with large angular displacement. Finally, the performance indexes and the total harmonic distortion of output motion waveform from the developed broadband electromagnetic angular vibrator are measured. The test results show that the angular vibrator can output maximum angular displacement of 60[Formula: see text] and maximum angular acceleration of 2000 rad[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text], and the total harmonic distortion of the angular acceleration waveform from the developed vibrator is less than 1% over its whole operating frequency range from 0.01 to 1200 Hz, which has met the requirement of the angular vibrator for calibration according to ISO 16063-15: 2006.
A team recommendation system and outcome prediction for the game of cricket
Authors: Jayanth Sandesh Bananki , Anthony Akas , Abhilasha Gududuru , Shaik Noorni , Srinivasa Gowri
Published: April 2018

Predicting the outcome of a game using players strength and weakness against the players of the opponent team by considering the statistics of a set of matches played by players helps captain and coaches to select the team and order the players. In this paper, we propose a supervised learning method using SVM model with linear, and nonlinear poly and RBF kernals to predict the outcome of the game against particular side by grouping the players at different levels in the order of play for both the teams. The comparison among different groups of players at same level gives the order of groups which contributes to winning probability. we also propose to develop a system which recommends a player for a specific role in a team by considering the past performances. we achieve this by finding the similar players by clustering all the players using k-means clustering and finding the five nearest players using k nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. We calculate the ranking index for players using the game and players statistics extracted from a particular tournament. Experimental results demonstrate that, the n-dimensional data considered for modeling is not linearly separable. Hence the nonlinear SVM with RBF kernel outperforms from the linear and poly kernel. SVM with RFB kernel yields the accuracy of 75, precision of 83.5 and recall rate of 62.5. So we recommend the use of SVM with RBF kernel for game outcome prediction.
Improving fairness in match play golf through enhanced handicap allocation
Authors: Chan Timothy C.Y. , Madras David , Puterman Martin L.
Published: April 2018

In amateur golf, lower handicap players “give strokes” to higher handicap players based on their handicap differential to make head-to-head matches fairer. In match play, the standard way to allocate handicap strokes uses the “course-defined hole ranking”. Using a bootstrapped simulation of over 70,000 matches based on 392 rounds of golf, we first show that the standard stroke allocation method and course-defined hole ranking favor the better player in 53% of matches. Then, we investigate the impact of three potential changes to stroke allocation: modifying the hole ranking; giving both players their full handicaps instead of using handicap differential; awarding extra strokes to the weaker player. Our two primary findings are: 1) fair matches can be achieved by giving the weaker player 0.5 extra strokes, which corresponds to a tie-breaker on a single hole; 2) giving both players their full handicap makes the fairness results robust to different hole rankings. Together, these simple changes can improve fairness in match play golf and improve generalizability to other courses.
Perceptive bidding strategy for Amazon EC2 spot instance market
Authors: Khandelwal Veena , Gupta Chandra Prakash , Chaturvedi Anand Kishore
Published: April 2018

Spot pricing is an auction based market mechanism introduced by Amazon EC2 to sell available cloud resources at a low cost without any availability guarantee. Bid prices submitted by users directly affect reliability of the instance acquired. In this context, we propose a Perceptive Bidding Strategy (PBS) for spot instances which presents different bid prices for different time during a day across all Amazon EC2 regions to assist users optimize their bids for obtaining cheaper spot instances with greater reliability. The strategy is firmly grounded on one-day-ahead spot price predictions using Random Forests. The bid price is not static but varies with job size to minimize cost and volatility of spot instances. We also develop a spot billing simulator to validate the bidding strategy against historical data. The simulator utilizes bid prices generated by PBS and Amazon’s real spot price traces of the bidding period for empirical investigations. We evaluate PBS for varying job sizes for a period of two weeks on different compute instance types and demonstrate that PBS greatly reduces job execution costs up to 80% while maintaining high reliability up to 80 to 90%. We compare PBS with several static bidding strategies and show that PBS provides spot instances with reliability for varying job sizes and greatly reduces risk of high execution costs.
Study of altered functional connectivity in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Yongxin , Liu Xiyu , Zhao Kun , Li Lin , Ding Yanhui
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) has been considered to have a high risk in converting into Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Previous studies showed that AD was associated with changes in resting-state networks (RSNs). However, few studies have evaluated the altered functional connectivity in early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI).

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this work was to evaluate the impaired network functional connectivity with the disease progression.

METHODS:

In this paper, we evaluated the impaired function connectivity with the progression of disease based on a priori defined 246 regions of interest based on Brainnetome Atlas. Connectivity analysis based on three levels (node integrity, intra-network, and inter-network) was conducted.

RESULTS:

Altered function connectivity was detected in several RSNs. These results provided insights into the dysfunction of more RSNs accompany the progression of AD. We also found that one brain region may belong to multiple RSNs and contribute to achieving different network function.

CONCLUSIONS:

The aberrant intra- and inter-network dysfunctions might be potential biomarkers or predictors of MCI and AD progression and provide new insight into the pathophysiology of these diseases.
Changes in the bilateral pulse transit time difference with a moving arm
Authors: Jiang Xinge , Wei Shoushui , Zheng Dingchang , Huang Peng , Liu Chengyu
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Changes of pulse transit time (PTT) induced by arm position were studied for unilateral arm. However, consistency of the PTT changes was not validated for both arm sides.

OBJECTIVE:

We aimed to quantify the PTT changes between horizontal and non-horizontal positions from right arm and left arm in order to explore the consistency of both arms.

METHODS:

Twenty-four normal subjects aged between 21 and 50 (14 male and 10 female) years were enrolled. Left and right radial artery pulses were synchronously recorded from 24 healthy subjects with one arm (left or right) at five angles (90[Formula: see text], 45[Formula: see text], 0[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]45[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]90[Formula: see text]) and the other arm at the horizontal level (0[Formula: see text]) for reference.

RESULTS:

The overall mean PTT changes at the five angles (from 90[Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]90[Formula: see text]) in the left arm (right as reference) were 16.1, 12.3, [Formula: see text]0.5, [Formula: see text]2.5 and [Formula: see text]2.6 ms, respectively, and in the right arm (left as reference) were 18.0, 12.6, 1.6, [Formula: see text]1.6 and [Formula: see text]2.0 ms, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Obvious differences were not found in the PTT changes between the two arms (left arm moving or right arm moving) under each of the five different positions (all [Formula: see text] 0.05).
Prediction of microRNA and gene target from an integrated network in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Hua Lin , Xia Hong , Xu Wenbin , Zheng Weiying , Zhou Ping
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disorder with a high mortality. The pathophysiology of COPD has not been characterized till date.

OBJECTIVE:

To identify COPD-related biomarkers by a bioinformatics analysis.

METHODS:

Here, we conducted the canonical correlation analysis to extract the potential COPD-related miRNAs and mRNAs based on the miRNA-mRNA dual expression profiling data. After identifying miRNAs and mRNAs related to COPD, we constructed an interaction network by integrating three validated miRNA-target sources. Then we expanded the network by adding miRNA-mRNA pairs, which were identified by Spearman rank correlation test. For miRNAs involved in the network, we further performed the Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of their targets. To validate COPD-related mRNAs involved in the network, we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification on only those mRNAs that overlapped with COPD-related mRNAs of Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database.

RESULTS:

The results indicate that some identified miRNAs and their targets in the constructed network might be potential biomarkers of COPD.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study helps us to predict the potential risk biomarkers of COPD, and it can certainly help in further elucidating the genetic etiology of COPD.
Effect of 405 nm low intensity irradiation on the absorption spectrum of in-vitro hyperlipidemia blood
Authors: Wang Hong , Liu Weichao , Fang Xiang , Wang Haichen , Ma Wenjiang , Dong Huajiang , Yin Huijuan , Li Ying-Xin , Sha Hong
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Laser therapy is reported to be clinically effective for improving microcirculation, rheological properties and blood lipid profiles despite the lack of certainty on the mechanism.

OBJECTIVE:

This study intends to provide methods to drop blood lipid level of hyperlipidemia samples by low-intensity laser irradiation therapy and provide reasoning of mechanism.

METHODS:

Twenty whole blood samples of high level of lipids profile are irradiated by 405 nm low-intensity laser at 12 J/cm[Formula: see text] twice a day for 3 days and compared with normal lipids profile group. Then whole blood sample are centrifuged to obtain result of erythrocyte for further interpretation. Multi-scan spectrum microplate reader is used to measure absorption spectrum and data is analyzed by software SPSS 14.0.

RESULTS:

Results show that after 405 nm low-intensity laser irradiation, whole blood samples of high lipid level statistically have higher absorbance peak value than normal samples while erythrocyte samples have lower absorbance peak value.

CONCLUSIONS:

From the divergence of absorption peak value change after low-intensity laser irradiation for whole blood sample and erythrocyte, we suspect that low level laser irradiation affects the enzymes activity of lipid metabolism, improves the cholesterol balance of plasma and cytoplasm in erythrocyte, and decreases aggregation of the erythrocyte.
Effect of rehabilitation on the somatosensory evoked potentials and gait performance of hemiparetic stroke patients
Authors: Yoon Hyun S. , Cha Young J. , Sohn Min K. , You Joshua (Sung) H.
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Gait performance of stroke patients is affected by impaired sensory ability. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between somatosensory-evoked potential (SSEP) parameters and gait performance in hemiparetic stroke patients.

METHODS:

A convenience sample of 17 hemiparetic stroke patients (mean age 60.11 [Formula: see text] 8.83 years; 10 women; right hemiplegia: 10, left hemiplegia: 7) were recruited for the present study. The Electro Synergy system (Viasys Healthcare; San Diego, CA, USA) was used for SSEP evaluation. The 17 patients were assigned to two groups according to their SSEP results as follows: 8 patients to the normal response group and 9 patients to the abnormal group. All the participants underwent the same rehabilitation exercise programs during 4 weeks, followed by clinical evaluation. A mixed-design analysis of a variance model was used to test for differences in timed up-and-go (TUG) test and 10-meter walking test (10MWT) scores between the two independent groups while the participants were subjected to repeated measures (pretest and posttest).

RESULTS:

Analysis of variance revealed the main time effect ([Formula: see text] 0.05) and group by time interaction effect ([Formula: see text] 0.05). The post hoc test result confirmed that the normal sensory group showed greater improvement in TUG test and 10MWT scores than the abnormal sensory group ([Formula: see text] 0.05). The TUG test and 10MWT scores in the posttest were greater in the normal sensory group than in the abnormal sensory group.

CONCLUSIONS:

The present study demonstrated the importance of the clinical contribution of the baseline sensory function of individuals with hemiparetic stroke to their gait performance and recovery after stroke rehabilitation. As anticipated, the individuals who had intact or spared sensory function showed greater improvements in gait speed and performance measures than those who had impaired sensory function.
In vivo noninvasive blood glucose detection using near-infrared spectrum based on the PSO-2ANN model
Authors: Dai Juan , Ji Zhong , Du Yubao , Chen Shuo
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

To improving the nursing level of diabetics, it is necessary to develop noninvasive blood glucose method.

OBJECTIVE:

In order to reduce the number of the near-infrared signal, consider the nonlinear relationship between the blood glucose concentration and near-infrared signal, and correct the individual difference and physiological glucose dynamic, 2 artificial neural networks (2ANN) combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO), named as PSO-2ANN, is proposed.

METHOD:

Two artificial neural networks (ANNs) are employed as the basic structure of the PSO-ANN model, and the weight coefficients of the two ANNs which represent the difference of individual and daily physiological rule are optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO).

RESULTS:

Clarke error grid shows the blood glucose predictions are distributed in regions A and B, Bland-Altman analysis show that the predictions and measurements are in good agreement.

CONCLUSIONS:

The PSO-2ANN model is a nonlinear calibration strategy with accuracy and robustness using 1550-nm spectroscopy, which can correct the individual difference and physiological glucose dynamics.
Finger language recognition based on ensemble artificial neural network learning using armband EMG sensors
Authors: Kim Seongjung , Kim Jongman , Ahn Soonjae , Kim Youngho
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Deaf people use sign or finger languages for communication, but these methods of communication are very specialized. For this reason, the deaf can suffer from social inequalities and financial losses due to their communication restrictions.

OBJECTIVE:

In this study, we developed a finger language recognition algorithm based on an ensemble artificial neural network (E-ANN) using an armband system with 8-channel electromyography (EMG) sensors.

METHODS:

The developed algorithm was composed of signal acquisition, filtering, segmentation, feature extraction and an E-ANN based classifier that was evaluated with the Korean finger language (14 consonants, 17 vowels and 7 numbers) in 17 subjects. E-ANN was categorized according to the number of classifiers (1 to 10) and size of training data (50 to 1500). The accuracy of the E-ANN-based classifier was obtained by 5-fold cross validation and compared with an artificial neural network (ANN)-based classifier.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:

As the number of classifiers (1 to 8) and size of training data (50 to 300) increased, the average accuracy of the E-ANN-based classifier increased and the standard deviation decreased. The optimal E-ANN was composed with eight classifiers and 300 size of training data, and the accuracy of the E-ANN was significantly higher than that of the general ANN.
Structural analysis of a rehabilitative training system based on a ceiling rail for safety of hemiplegia patients
Authors: Kim Kyong , Song Won Kyung , Chong Woo Suk , Yu Chang Ho
Published: April 2018

The body-weight support (BWS) function, which helps to decrease load stresses on a user, is an effective tool for gait and balance rehabilitation training for elderly people with weakened lower-extremity muscular strength, hemiplegic patients, etc. This study conducts structural analysis to secure user safety in order to develop a rail-type gait and balance rehabilitation training system (RRTS). The RRTS comprises a rail, trolley, and brain-machine interface. The rail (platform) is connected to the ceiling structure, bearing the loads of the RRTS and of the user and allowing locomobility. The trolley consists of a smart drive unit (SDU) that assists the user with forward and backward mobility and a body-weight support (BWS) unit that helps the user to control his/her body-weight load, depending on the severity of his/her hemiplegia. The brain-machine interface estimates and measures on a real-time basis the body-weight (load) of the user and the intended direction of his/her movement. Considering the weight of the system and the user, the mechanical safety performance of the system frame under an applied 250-kg static load is verified through structural analysis using ABAQUS (6.14-3) software. The maximum stresses applied on the rail and trolley under the given gravity load of 250 kg, respectively, are 18.52 MPa and 48.44 MPa. The respective safety factors are computed to be 7.83 and 5.26, confirming the RRTS’s mechanical safety. An RRTS with verified structural safety could be utilized for gait movement and balance rehabilitation and training for patients with hemiplegia.
Efficient use of mobile devices for quantification of pressure injury images
Authors: Garcia-Zapirain Begonya , Sierra-Sosa Daniel , Ortiz David , Isaza-Monsalve Mariano , Elmaghraby Adel
Published: April 2018

Pressure Injuries are chronic wounds that are formed due to the constriction of the soft tissues against bone prominences. In order to assess these injuries, the medical personnel carry out the evaluation and diagnosis using visual methods and manual measurements, which can be inaccurate and may generate discomfort in the patients. By using segmentation techniques, the Pressure Injuries can be extracted from an image and accurately parameterized, leading to a correct diagnosis. In general, these techniques are based on the solution of differential equations and the involved numerical methods are demanding in terms of computational resources. In previous work, we proposed a technique developed using toroidal parametric equations for image decomposition and segmentation without solving differential equations. In this paper, we present the development of a mobile application useful for the non-contact assessment of Pressure Injuries based on the toroidal decomposition from images. The usage of this technique allows us to achieve an accurate segmentation almost 8 times faster than Active Contours without Edges (ACWE) and Dynamic Contours methods. We describe the techniques and the implementation for Android devices using Python and Kivy. This application allows for the segmentation and parameterization of injuries, obtain relevant information for the diagnosis and tracking the evolution of patient’s injuries.
Soft tissue deformation estimation by spatio-temporal Kalman filter finite element method
Authors: Yarahmadian Mehran , Zhong Yongmin , Gu Chengfan , Shin Jaehyun
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:

Soft tissue modeling plays an important role in the development of surgical training simulators as well as in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgeries. It has been known that while the traditional Finite Element Method (FEM) promises the accurate modeling of soft tissue deformation, it still suffers from a slow computational process.

OBJECTIVE:

This paper presents a Kalman filter finite element method to model soft tissue deformation in real time without sacrificing the traditional FEM accuracy.

METHODS:

The proposed method employs the FEM equilibrium equation and formulates it as a filtering process to estimate soft tissue behavior using real-time measurement data. The model is temporally discretized using the Newmark method and further formulated as the system state equation.

RESULTS:

Simulation results demonstrate that the computational time of KF-FEM is approximately 10 times shorter than the traditional FEM and it is still as accurate as the traditional FEM. The normalized root-mean-square error of the proposed KF-FEM in reference to the traditional FEM is computed as 0.0116.

CONCLUSIONS:

It is concluded that the proposed method significantly improves the computational performance of the traditional FEM without sacrificing FEM accuracy. The proposed method also filters noises involved in system state and measurement data.