bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood Effects of Blue Space in Historical Environments on the Mental Health of Older Adults: A Case Study of the Ancient City of Suzhou, China
Authors: Yang Zihan , Yang Jianqiang , Chen Shenglan
Published: August 2024

With the rapid aging of the global population, China’s old urban areas, especially historical urban areas, are facing a more severe aging situation. In the context of heritage protection, the development and regeneration of historical urban areas are restricted. They usually face the aging and decay of housing, infrastructure, and public service facilities, which are harmful neighborhood environmental factors to the health development of older adults. Since the World Health Organization adopted “healthy aging” as a development strategy to deal with population aging, the mental health of older adults has become an increasingly important public health issue. A growing body of research demonstrates the positive impact of blue spaces (including oceans, rivers, lakes, wetlands, ponds, etc.) on older adults’ mental health, yet evidence on the potential of blue spaces in a historical environment to promote mental health among older adults remains limited. Therefore, exploring the neighborhood impact of blue space on the mental health of older adults has become a new entry point to provide an age-friendly environment for older adults in the ancient city. This study uses multi-source data such as community questionnaire data, remote sensing images, urban street view images, and environmental climate data of the ancient city of Suzhou, to extract a variety of blue space quantitative indicators, and uses the hierarchical linear model and mediation effect model to explore the neighborhood impact of blue space exposure in the historical environment on older adults, to try to explore the impact path and formation mechanism behind it. The result is that exposure to neighborhood blue space in Suzhou’s historic urban area is significantly related to the mental health of older adults. Additionally, neighborhood blue space exposure improves the mental health of older adults by relieving stress and promoting physical activities and social interaction. The health effects of neighborhood blue space exposure vary among elderly groups with different age and income stratifications, and have a greater impact on the healthy lifestyle and mental health of older adults in younger and lower-income aging groups. Based on a multidisciplinary theoretical perspective, this study enriches the empirical literature on the impact of blue space on the mental health of older adults in historical environments and provides a scientific basis for the regeneration planning of “healthy neighborhoods” and “healthy aging” in historical urban areas.
A Multi-Scenario Analysis of Urban Vitality Driven by Socio-Ecological Land Functions in Luohe, China
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Bai Tian , Yang Yang , Wang Guifang , Tian Guohang , Kollányi László
Published: August 2024

Urban Vitality (UV) is a critical indicator for measuring sustainable urban development and quality. It reflects the dynamic interactions and supply–demand coordination within urban systems, especially concerning the human–land relationship. This study aims to quantify the UV of Luohe City, China, for the year 2023, analyze its spatial characteristics, and investigate the driving patterns of socio-ecological land functions on UV intensity and heterogeneity under different scenarios. Utilizing multi-source data, including human mobility data from Baidu Location-Based Services (LBSs), Landsat-9, MODIS, and diverse geo-information datasets, we conducted factor screening and comprehensive assessments. Firstly, Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) were employed to identify typical activity patterns, and the Urban Vitality Index (UVI) was calculated based on Human Mobility Intensity (HMI) data. Subsequently, a framework for quantity–quality–structure assessments weighted and aggregated sub-indicators to evaluate the Land Social Function (LSF) and Land Ecological Function (LEF). Following the screening process, a Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) was applied to analyze the scale and driving relationships between UVI and the land assessment sub-indicators. The results were as follows: (1) The UV distribution in Luohe City was highly uneven, with high vitality areas concentrated within the built-up regions. (2) UV showed significant correlations with both LSF and LEF. The influence of LSF on UV was stronger than that of LEF, with the effectiveness of LEF relying on the well-established provisioning of LSF. (3) Artificial Surface Ratio (ASR) and Corrected Night Lights (LERNCI) were identified as key drivers of UV across multiple scenarios. Under the weekend scenario, the Green Space Ratio (GSR) and the Vegetation Quality (VQ) notably enhanced the attractiveness of human activities. (4) The impacts of drivers varied at the urban, township, and street scales. The analysis focuses on factors with significant bandwidth changes across multiple scenarios: VQ, Remote-Sensing-based Ecological Index (RSEI), GSR, ASR, and ALSI. This study underscores the importance of socio-ecological land functions in enhancing urban vitality, offering valuable insights and data support for urban planning.
Pursuing Urban Sustainability in Dynamic Balance Based on the DPSIR Framework: Evidence from Six Chinese Cities
Authors: Yang Xueying , Yang Zhongqi , Quan Lili , Xue Bin
Published: August 2024

Amidst the mounting global challenges associated with climate change and resource depletion, achieving sustainable development is paramount. Focusing on cities as vital scenarios for pursuing sustainability, this research measured urban sustainability and identified its obstacles. Employing the DPSIR (Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response) framework, we establish a metric system with 25 indicators to assess the urban sustainability of six innovation zones in China and identify their developmental impediments to sustainability with an obstacle model. The core findings of the study are as follows: First, over the five-year period, all six cities demonstrated a consistent increase in their urban sustainability levels except for Shenzhen, which experienced a decline from its top position among these cities due to a decrease in its score from 0.44296 to 0.36942 in 2017. Second, there was consistent urban sustainability progress in five cities, with the exception of Shenzhen, from 2016 to 2020. Third, inadequate government response emerges as a primary obstacle across all six cities, marked by shortcomings in public expenditure, R&D investment, and healthcare. Every year, all six cities experienced more than 60% obstacle degrees in terms of response, with the exception of Shenzhen in 2016. The urban sustainability pursuit model we developed bridges urban sustainability theory with practical interventions, promoting adaptive governance. In addition, this study provides scholars and policymakers with a comprehensive approach to gauging urban sustainability, recognizing obstacles, and designing strategies for a sustainable urban future.
Molecular Dynamics Study on the Tribological Characteristics of Grain Boundary-Containing Graphene/h-BN Heterostructure Films
Authors: Zhao Bo , Huang Shifan , Zhang Yutao , Ju Xiangcheng , Li Chengbang , Li Zhenglin , Xu Lingji
Published: August 2024

A heterostructure film composed of graphene and h-BN has superlubricity and long-term anti-corrosion performance, enabling its potential applications as low-friction and corrosion-resistant coatings, especially in marine environments. However, the grain boundaries (GBs) and point defects formed during the preparation process may significantly affect the performance of the film. In this study, the tribological properties and wear mechanism of heterostructure films with different GB misorientation angles were studied with the molecular dynamics method. The results show that the high-energy atoms generated by strain-induced hillocks along the GBs can lead to stress concentration, thus deteriorating the wear resistance of the heterostructure film. Furthermore, point defects occurring on high-energy atoms can significantly alleviate the stress concentration, which is conducive to improving the wear resistance of the film. This study sheds light on improving the tribological characteristics of a graphene/h-BN heterostructure coating by properly controlling its microstructure.
Review of Fault-Tolerant Control Methods for Suspension Systems: From Road Vehicles to Maglev Trains
Authors: Ni Fei , Luo Yifan , Xu Junqi , Liu Dachuan , Sun Yougang , Ji Wen
Published: August 2024

Road vehicles and maglev trains have garnered significant attention, with their suspension systems being crucial for safe and stable performance. However, these systems can be compromised by faults such as sensor and actuator failures, posing risks to stability and safety. This review explores fault-tolerant controls for suspension systems, driven by the need to enhance fault tolerance in such scenarios. We examine the dynamic similarities between the semi-active/active suspension systems in road vehicles and the suspension systems in maglev trains, offering a comprehensive summary of fault-tolerant control strategies for both. Our analysis covers the histories, technical characteristics, fundamentals, modeling, mathematical derivations, and control objectives of both systems. The review categorizes fault-tolerant control methods into hardware redundancy, passive fault-tolerant control, and active fault-tolerant control. We evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies and propose future directions for the development of fault-tolerant control in suspension systems.
Weakly Supervised Specular Highlight Removal Using Only Highlight Images
Authors: Zheng Yuanfeng , Hu Guangwei , Jiang Hao , Wang Hao , Wu Lihua
Published: August 2024

Specular highlight removal is a challenging task in the field of image enhancement, while it can significantly improve the quality of image in highlight regions. Recently, deep learning-based methods have been widely adopted in this task, demonstrating excellent performance by training on either massive paired data, wherein both the highlighted and highlight-free versions of the same image are available, or unpaired datasets where the one-to-one correspondence is inapplicable. However, it is difficult to obtain the corresponding highlight-free version of a highlight image, as the latter has already been produced under specific lighting conditions. In this paper, we propose a method for weakly supervised specular highlight removal that only requires highlight images. This method involves generating highlight-free images from highlight images with the guidance of masks estimated using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). These highlight-free images are then fed consecutively into a series of modules derived from a Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (Cycle-GAN)-style network, namely the highlight generation, highlight removal, and reconstruction modules in sequential order. These modules are trained jointly, resulting in a highly effective highlight removal module during the verification. On the specular highlight image quadruples (SHIQ) and the LIME datasets, our method achieves an accuracy of 0.90 and a balance error rate (BER) of 8.6 on SHIQ, and an accuracy of 0.89 and a BER of 9.1 on LIME, outperforming existing methods and demonstrating its potential for improving image quality in various applications.
Convergence Analysis for an Online Data-Driven Feedback Control Algorithm
Authors: Liang Siming , Sun Hui , Archibald Richard , Bao Feng
Published: August 2024

This paper presents convergence analysis of a novel data-driven feedback control algorithm designed for generating online controls based on partial noisy observational data. The algorithm comprises a particle filter-enabled state estimation component, estimating the controlled system’s state via indirect observations, alongside an efficient stochastic maximum principle-type optimal control solver. By integrating weak convergence techniques for the particle filter with convergence analysis for the stochastic maximum principle control solver, we derive a weak convergence result for the optimization procedure in search of optimal data-driven feedback control. Numerical experiments are performed to validate the theoretical findings.
P-CA: Privacy-Preserving Convolutional Autoencoder-Based Edge–Cloud Collaborative Computing for Human Behavior Recognition
Authors: Wang Haoda , Qiu Chen , Zhang Chen , Xu Jiantao , Su Chunhua
Published: August 2024

With the development of edge computing and deep learning, intelligent human behavior recognition has spawned extensive applications in smart worlds. However, current edge computing technology faces performance bottlenecks due to limited computing resources at the edge, which prevent deploying advanced deep neural networks. In addition, there is a risk of privacy leakage during interactions between the edge and the server. To tackle these problems, we propose an effective, privacy-preserving edge–cloud collaborative interaction scheme based on WiFi, named P-CA, for human behavior sensing. In our scheme, a convolutional autoencoder neural network is split into two parts. The shallow layers are deployed on the edge side for inference and privacy-preserving processing, while the deep layers are deployed on the server side to leverage its computing resources. Experimental results based on datasets collected from real testbeds demonstrate the effectiveness and considerable performance of the P-CA. The recognition accuracy can maintain 88%, although it could achieve about 94.8% without the mixing operation. In addition, the proposed P-CA achieves better recognition accuracy than two state-of-the-art methods, i.e., FedLoc and PPDFL, by 2.7% and 2.1%, respectively, while maintaining privacy.
A U-Statistic for Testing the Lack of Dependence in Functional Partially Linear Regression Model
Authors: Zhao Fanrong , Zhang Baoxue
Published: August 2024

The functional partially linear regression model comprises a functional linear part and a non-parametric part. Testing the linear relationship between the response and the functional predictor is of fundamental importance. In cases where functional data cannot be approximated with a few principal components, we develop a second-order U-statistic using a pseudo-estimate for the unknown non-parametric component. Under some regularity conditions, the asymptotic normality of the proposed test statistic is established using the martingale central limit theorem. The proposed test is evaluated for finite sample properties through simulation studies and its application to real data.
A Bellman–Ford Algorithm for the Path-Length-Weighted Distance in Graphs
Authors: Arnau Roger , Calabuig José M. , García-Raffi Luis M. , Sánchez Pérez Enrique A. , Sanjuan Sergi
Published: August 2024

Consider a finite directed graph without cycles in which the arrows are weighted by positive weights. We present an algorithm for the computation of a new distance, called path-length-weighted distance, which has proven useful for graph analysis in the context of fraud detection. The idea is that the new distance explicitly takes into account the size of the paths in the calculations. It has the distinct characteristic that, when calculated along the same path, it may result in a shorter distance between far-apart vertices than between adjacent ones. This property can be particularly useful for modeling scenarios where the connections between vertices are obscured by numerous intermediate vertices, such as in cases of financial fraud. For example, to hide dirty money from financial authorities, fraudsters often use multiple institutions, banks, and intermediaries between the source of the money and its final recipient. Our distance would serve to make such situations explicit. Thus, although our algorithm is based on arguments similar to those at work for the Bellman–Ford and Dijkstra methods, it is in fact essentially different, since the calculation formula contains a weight that explicitly depends on the number of intermediate vertices. This fact totally conditions the algorithm, because longer paths could provide shorter distances—contrary to the classical algorithms mentioned above. We lay out the appropriate framework for its computation, showing the constraints and requirements for its use, along with some illustrative examples.
Optimality and Duality of Semi-Preinvariant Convex Multi-Objective Programming Involving Generalized (F,α,ρ,d)-I-Type Invex Functions
Authors: Wang Rongbo , Feng Qiang
Published: August 2024

Multiobjective programming refers to a mathematical problem that requires the simultaneous optimization of multiple independent yet interrelated objective functions when solving a problem. It is widely used in various fields, such as engineering design, financial investment, environmental planning, and transportation planning. Research on the theory and application of convex functions and their generalized convexity in multiobjective programming helps us understand the essence of optimization problems, and promotes the development of optimization algorithms and theories. In this paper, we firstly introduces new classes of generalized (F,α,ρ,d)−I functions for semi-preinvariant convex multiobjective programming. Secondly, based on these generalized functions, we derive several sufficient optimality conditions for a feasible solution to be an efficient or weakly efficient solution. Finally, we prove weak duality theorems for mixed-type duality.
Accurate Forecasting of Global Horizontal Irradiance in Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Predictive Models and Feature Selection Techniques
Authors: Imam Amir A. , Abusorrah Abdullah , Seedahmed Mustafa M. A. , Marzband Mousa
Published: August 2024

The growing interest in solar energy stems from its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Global horizontal irradiance (GHI) is a crucial determinant of the productivity of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Consequently, accurate GHI forecasting is essential for efficient planning, integration, and optimization of solar PV energy systems. This study evaluates the performance of six machine learning (ML) regression models—artificial neural network (ANN), decision tree (DT), elastic net (EN), linear regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and support vector regression (SVR)—in predicting GHI for a site in northern Saudi Arabia known for its high solar energy potential. Using historical data from the NASA POWER database, covering the period from 1984 to 2022, we employed advanced feature selection techniques to enhance the predictive models. The models were evaluated based on metrics such as R-squared (R2), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The DT model demonstrated the highest performance, achieving an R2 of 1.0, MSE of 0.0, RMSE of 0.0, MAPE of 0.0%, and MAE of 0.0. Conversely, the EN model showed the lowest performance with an R2 of 0.8396, MSE of 0.4389, RMSE of 0.6549, MAPE of 9.66%, and MAE of 0.5534. While forward, backward, and exhaustive search feature selection methods generally yielded limited performance improvements for most models, the SVR model experienced significant enhancement. These findings offer valuable insights for selecting optimal forecasting strategies for solar energy projects, contributing to the advancement of renewable energy integration and supporting the global transition towards sustainable energy solutions.
Characterization of Bacterial Communities on Trout Skin and Eggs in Relation to Saprolegnia parasitica Infection Status
Authors: Pavić Dora , Geček Sunčana , Miljanović Anđela , Grbin Dorotea , Bielen Ana
Published: August 2024

We have investigated the changes in the microbial communities on the surface of trout eggs and the skin of adult trout in relation to the presence of Saprolegnia parasitica. This pathogen causes saprolegniosis, a disease responsible for significant losses in salmonid farms and hatcheries. It is known from other disease systems that the host-associated microbiome plays a crucial role in the defence against pathogens, but if the pathogen predominates, this can lead to dysbiosis. However, analyses of the effects of S. parasitica on the diversity, composition, and function of microbial communities on fish skin and eggs are scarce. Thus, we have collected skin swabs from injured and healthy trout (N = 12), which differed in S. parasitica load, from three different fish farms in Croatia (Kostanjevac, Radovan, and Solin), while trout egg samples (N = 12) were infected with S. parasitica in the laboratory. Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA marker gene showed that infection with S. parasitica reduced the microbial diversity on the surface of the eggs, as evidenced by decreased Pielou’s evenness and Shannon’s indices. We further determined whether the bacterial genera with a relative abundance of >5.0% in the egg/skin samples were present at significantly different abundances in relation to the presence of S. parasitica. The results have shown that some genera, such as Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium, decreased significantly in the presence of the pathogen on the egg surface. On the other hand, some bacterial taxa, such as Acinetobacter and Janthinobacterium, as well as Aeromonas, were more abundant on the diseased eggs and the injured trout skin, respectively. Finally, beta diversity analyses (weighted UniFrac, unweighted UniFrac, Bray–Curtis) have shown that the sampling location (i.e., fish farm), along with S. parasitica infection status, also has a significant influence on the microbial communities’ composition on the trout skin and eggs, demonstrating the strong influence of the environment on the shaping of the host surface microbiome. Overall, we have shown that the presence of S. parasitica was associated with changes in the diversity and structure of the trout skin/egg microbiome. The results obtained could support the development of new strategies for the management of saprolegniosis in aquaculture.
Viral Diversity and Ecological Impact of DNA Viruses in Dominant Tick Species in China
Authors: Yan Yueyang , Shi Zhangpeng , Wang Cunmin , Jin Zi , Yin Jigang , Zhu Guan
Published: August 2024

Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that also transmit various pathogens, posing severe risks to human and animal health. DNA viruses play a crucial role in the microbial ecology of ticks, but their distribution and ecological significance remain largely undetermined. Here, we assembled an extensive catalog encompassing 4320 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) from six main dominant tick species in China, of which 94.8% have not been found in any other environment. To bridge the knowledge gap in tick DNA virus research and provide a crucial resource platform, we developed the Tick DNA Virus Database. This database includes the vOTUs that are known to cause diseases. Most of the predicted vOTUs are associated with dominant bacterial and archaeal phyla. We identified 105 virus-encoded putative auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) that are involved in host metabolism and environmental adaptation, potentially influencing ticks through both top-down and bottom-up mechanisms. The identification of microbial communities and antibiotic resistance in wild tick species suggests that wild ticks are reservoirs of antibiotic resistance and potential spreaders of antibiotic resistance. These findings reveal the potential role of tick viruses in ecosystems, highlighting the importance of monitoring tick microbiomes to address global public health challenges.
Effects of Sucrose and Farnesol on Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans
Authors: Wint Wit Yee , Miyanohara Mayu , Terada-Ito Chika , Yamada Hidenori , Ryo Koufuchi , Murata Takatoshi
Published: August 2024

Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) are frequently detected in the plaque biofilms of children with early childhood caries. This study investigated the effects of sucrose and farnesol on biofilm formation by the oral pathogens S. mutans and C. albicans, including their synergistic interactions. Biofilm formation dynamics were monitored using the Cell Index (CI). The CI for S. mutans increased in the brain–heart infusion medium, peaking at 10 h; however, the addition of sucrose reduced the CI. For C. albicans yeast cells, the CI increased at sucrose concentrations > 0.5%, peaking at 2 h. Mixed cultures of S. mutans and C. albicans yeast cells showed significantly higher CI values in the presence of sucrose, suggesting a synergistic effect on biofilm formation. Farnesol consistently suppressed biofilm formation by C. albicans yeast cells, even in the presence of sucrose, and higher farnesol concentrations resulted in greater inhibition. Regarding C. albicans hyphal cells, sucrose did not enhance biofilm formation, whereas farnesol significantly reduced biofilm formation at all concentrations tested. These findings elucidate the complex roles of sucrose and farnesol in biofilm formation by S. mutans and C. albicans and emphasize the potential of farnesol as an effective oral biofilm inhibitor.
Epidemiology, Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Small Brazilian Farms Producers of Raw Milk Fresh Cheese
Authors: Ribeiro Laryssa Freitas , Rossi Gabriel Augusto Marques , Sato Rafael Akira , de Souza Pollo Andressa , Cardozo Marita Vedovelli , Amaral Luiz Augusto do , Fairbrother John Morris
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to identify contamination sources in raw milk and cheese on small farms in Brazil by isolating Escherichia coli at various stages of milk production and cheese manufacturing. The study targeted EAEC, EIEC, ETEC, EPEC, STEC, and ExPEC pathotypes, characterizing isolates for the presence of virulence genes, phylogroups, antimicrobial susceptibility, and phylogenetic relationships using PFGE and MLST. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and serogroups was also determined. Three categories of E. coli were identified: pathogenic, commensal, and ceftriaxone-resistant (ESBL) strains. Pathogenic EPEC, STEC, and ExPEC isolates were detected in milk and cheese samples. Most isolates belonged to phylogroups A and B1 and were resistant to antimicrobials such as nalidixic acid, ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. Genetic analysis revealed that E. coli with identical virulence genes were present at different stages within the same farm. The most frequently identified serogroup was O18, and MLST identified ST131 associated with pathogenic isolates. The study concluded that E. coli was present at multiple points in milk collection and cheese production, with significant phylogroups and high antimicrobial resistance. These findings highlight the public health risk posed by contamination in raw milk and fresh cheese, emphasizing the need to adopt hygienic practices to control these microorganisms.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Rotational Thromboelastometry for Low-Virulence Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Pilot Study
Authors: Tsantes Andreas G. , Domouchtsidou Aglaia , Tsante Konstantina A. , Ioannou Petros , Mpakosi Alexandra , Petrou Eleni , Goumenos Stavros , Trikoupis Ioannis G. , Roustemis Anastasios G. , Fortis Sotirios P. , Koutserimpas Christos , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. , Samonis George , Bonovas Stefanos , Papadopoulos Dimitrios V.
Published: August 2024

Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are associated with altered coagulation dynamics; therefore, coagulation laboratory studies could be valuable for diagnosing PJI. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in detecting PJIs caused by low-virulence pathogens. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, enrolling 78 patients who underwent exchange arthroplasty due to PJI due to high-virulence pathogens (Group A, n = 16), low-virulence pathogens (Group B, n = 20), or due to aseptic loosening (Group C, n = 20). Preoperative laboratory findings were compared among the three groups. Results: Several ROTEM parameters differed in patients with PJIs caused by low-virulence pathogens, indicating a link between these infections and hypercoagulability. The development of low-virulence PJIs was associated with a higher maximum clot firmness (MCF) (Odds Ratio, 1.12; 95% Confidence Interval, 1.04–1.21; p = 0.001). Additionally, EXTEM MCF was found to have the highest diagnostic accuracy for these infections (Area Under the Curve, 0.841; sensitivity 90.0%; specificity 90.4%), surpassing that of C-reactive protein and the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (p = 0.006 and p = 0.019, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ROTEM analysis is a promising method for detecting the altered hemostatic dynamics associated with PJI caused by low-virulence pathogens.
Validation of Lyophilized Human Fecal Microbiota for the Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Pilot Study with Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of a Middle-Income Country—Promicrobioma Project
Authors: Yamada Carolina Hikari , Ortis Gabriel Burato , Buso Gustavo Martini , Martins Thalissa Colodiano , Zequinao Tiago , Telles Joao Paulo , Wollmann Luciana Cristina , Montenegro Carolina de Oliveira , Dantas Leticia Ramos , Cruz June Westarb , Tuon Felipe Francisco
Published: August 2024

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) represents a prevalent and potentially severe health concern linked to the usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new lyophilized product based on human fecal microbiota for transplant, including cost–benefit analysis in the treatment of recurrent or refractory CDI. Methods: The product for fecal microbiota transplant was obtained from two donors. Microbiological, viability, and genomic analysis were evaluated. After validation, a clinical pilot study including recurrent or refractory CDI with 24 patients was performed. Clinical response and 4-week recurrence were the outcome. Cost–benefit analysis compared the fecal microbiota transplant with conventional retreatment with vancomycin or metronidazole. Results: The microbiota for transplant presented significant bacterial viability, with and adequate balance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The clinical response with the microbiota transplant was 92%. In financial terms, estimated expenditure for CDI solely related to recurrence, based on stochastic modeling, totals USD 222.8 million per year in Brazil. Conclusions: The lyophilized human fecal microbiota for transplant is safe and can be an important step for a new product with low cost, even with genomic sequencing. Fecal microbiota transplantation emerges as a more cost-effective alternative compared to antimicrobials in the retreatment of CDI.
Efficient 2,3-Butanediol Production from Ethanol by a Modified Four-Enzyme Synthetic Biosystem
Authors: Zhang Jiming , Lin Hui , Zheng Chaosong , Yang Bin , Liang Miao , Lin Yi , Zhang Liaoyuan
Published: August 2024

2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) is a versatile bio-based platform chemical. An artificial four-enzyme synthetic biosystem composed of ethanol dehydrogenase, NADH oxidase, formolase and 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase was designed for upgrading ethanol to 2,3-BD in our previous study. However, a key challenge in developing in vitro enzymatic systems for 2,3-BD synthesis is the relatively sluggish catalytic efficiency of formolase, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in such systems. Herein, this study reports how engineering the tunnel and substrate binding pocket of FLS improved its catalytic performance. A series of single-point and combinatorial variants were successfully obtained which displayed both higher catalytic efficiency and better substrate tolerance than wild-type FLS. Subsequently, a cell-free biosystem based on the FLS:I28V/L482E enzyme was implemented for upgrading ethanol to 2,3-BD. Ultimately, this system achieved efficient production of 2,3-BD from ethanol by the fed-batch method, reaching a concentration of 1.39 M (124.83 g/L) of the product and providing both excellent productivity and yield values of 5.94 g/L/h and 92.7%, respectively. Taken together, this modified enzymatic catalysis system provides a highly promising alternative approach for sustainable and cost-competitive production of 2,3-BD.
Batch Preparation and Performance Study of Boehmite-Based Electrospun Nanofiber Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ding Wenfei , Liu Yuxing , Xu Lan
Published: August 2024

The design and preparation of high-performance separators for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have far-reaching practical significance in enhancing the overall performance of LIBs. Electrospun nanofiber separators (ENSs) have the characteristics of large specific surface area, high porosity, small pore size and good affinity with the electrolyte, making them become ideal candidates for LIB separators. In this work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/polyurethane (PU) (PAU) ENSs loaded with boehmite (BM) particles (BM/PAU ENSs) were mass-produced using spherical section free surface electrospinning (SSFSE), and used as LIB separators. Their morphology, structures and performances were tested and characterized. The results showed that all BM/PAU ENSs maintained excellent thermal dimensional stability in the range of 140–180 °C, and had good electrolyte wettability and high porosity. The composite BM/PAU-2 ENS with the best performance had a porosity of 52.5%, an electrolyte uptake rate of 822.1%, and an ionic conductivity of 1.97 mS/cm. Additionally, the battery assembled with BM/PAU-2 separator also demonstrated best electrochemical performance, cycling performance, and rate capability, with a capacity retention rate of 94.4% after 80 cycles at 0.5 C, making it a promising high-performance separator for LIBs.
The Impact of Fermentation on the Antioxidant Activity of Food Products
Authors: Sarıtaş Sümeyye , Portocarrero Alicia C. Mondragon , Miranda López Jose M. , Lombardo Mauro , Koch Wojciech , Raposo António , El-Seedi Hesham R. , de Brito Alves José Luiz , Esatbeyoglu Tuba , Karav Sercan , Witkowska Anna Maria
Published: August 2024

From ancient times to the present day, fermentation has been utilized not only for food preservation but also for enhancing the nutritional and functional properties of foods. This process is influenced by numerous factors, including the type of microorganisms used, substrate composition, pH, time, and temperature, all of which can significantly alter the characteristics of the final product. Depending on the parameters, fermentation enhances the bioactive content of the products and imparts the necessary properties, such as antioxidant characteristics, for the products to be considered functional. The enhancement of these properties, particularly antioxidant activity, enriches foods with bioactive compounds and functional attributes, contributing to improved health benefits. Through a review of recent research, this study elucidates how different fermentation processes can enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of antioxidants, thereby improving the nutritional and functional qualities of foods. This study investigated the multifaceted effects of fermentation on antioxidant properties by exploring various types and conditions of fermentation. It highlights specific examples from dairy products and other food categories as well as the valorization of food waste and byproducts. The findings underscore the potential of fermentation as a sustainable method to produce health-promoting foods with elevated antioxidant activities, offering new perspectives for food science and technology.
Vicia faba L. Pod Valves: A By-Product with High Potential as an Adjuvant in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tesoro Carmen , Lelario Filomena , Piscitelli Fabiana , Di Capua Angela , Della Sala Paolo , Montoro Paola , Bianco Giuliana , Acquavia Maria Assunta , Dell’Agli Mario , Piazza Stefano , Ciriello Rosanna
Published: August 2024

Vicia faba L. is a leguminous plant with seeds rich in nutritional compounds, such as polyphenols and L-dopa, a dopamine precursor and first-line treatment for Parkinson’s symptoms. Recently, its by-products have been revalued as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds. In this study, aqueous extracts of Lucan broad bean pod valves (BPs) were characterized to evaluate their potential use as adjuvants in severe Parkinson’s disease. L-dopa content, quantified by LC-UV, was much higher in BPs than in seeds (28.65 mg/g dw compared to 0.76 mg/g dw). In addition, vicine and convicine, the metabolites responsible for favism, were not detected in pods. LC-ESI/LTQ-Orbitrap/MS2 allowed the identification of the major polyphenolic compounds, including quercetin and catechin equivalents, that could ensure neuroprotection in Parkinson’s disease. ESI(±)-FT-ICR MS was used to build 2D van Krevelen diagrams; polyphenolic compounds and carbohydrates were the most representative classes. The neuroprotective activity of the extracts after MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells was also investigated. BP extracts were more effective than synthetic L-dopa, even at concentrations up to 100 µg/mL, due to the occurrence of antioxidants able to prevent oxidative stress. The stability and antioxidant component of the extracts were then emphasized by using naturally acidic solutions of Punica granatum L., Ribes rubrum L., and gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) as extraction solvents.
Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Complexes Supported by Phosphorus Ligands Obtained Using Hydrophosphination of Cyclic Internal Alkenes
Authors: Mechrouk Victoria , Bissessar Damien , Egly Julien , Parmentier Jordan , Bellemin-Laponnaz Stéphane
Published: August 2024

The design and study of rich, bulky phosphorus ligands is a key area of research for homogeneous catalysis. Here, we describe an original strategy using a hydrophosphination reaction to produce phosphines of interest for coordination chemistry and homogenous catalysis. In particular, the phosphine obtained by reacting diphenylphosphine with acenaphthylene (ligand 2) gives a ligand that adopts an unusual spatial geometry. The coordination chemistry of the ligand has been investigated with Au(I), Ag(I), Cu(I), and Pd(II), for which a complete characterization could be made, particularly in X-ray diffraction studies. The reactivity of some of these complexes has been demonstrated, particularly in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and Au-catalyzed hydroaminations and in the hydration of alkynes.
Nanostructured Molecular–Network Arsenoselenides from the Border of a Glass-Forming Region: A Disproportionality Analysis Using Complementary Characterization Probes
Authors: Shpotyuk Oleh , Hyla Malgorzata , Ingram Adam , Shpotyuk Yaroslav , Boyko Vitaliy , Demchenko Pavlo , Wojnarowska-Nowak Renata , Lukáčová Bujňáková Zdenka , Baláž Peter
Published: August 2024

Binary AsxSe100−x alloys from the border of a glass-forming region (65 < x < 70) subjected to nanomilling in dry and dry–wet modes are characterized by the XRPD, micro-Raman scattering (micro-RS) and revised positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) methods complemented by a disproportionality analysis using the quantum–chemical cluster modeling approach. These alloys are examined with respect to tetra-arsenic biselenide As4Se2 stoichiometry, realized in glassy g-As65Se35, glassy–crystalline g/c-As67Se33 and glassy–crystalline g/c-As70Se30. From the XRPD results, the number of rhombohedral As and cubic arsenolite As2O3 phases in As-Se alloys increases after nanomilling, especially in the wet mode realized in a PVP water solution. Nanomilling-driven amorphization and reamorphization transformations in these alloys are identified by an analysis of diffuse peak halos in their XRPD patterning, showing the interplay between the levels of a medium-range structure (disruption of the intermediate-range ordering at the cost of an extended-range one). From the micro-RS spectroscopy results, these alloys are stabilized by molecular thioarsenides As4Sen (n = 3, 4), regardless of their phase composition, remnants of thioarsenide molecules destructed under nanomilling being reincorporated into a glass network undergoing a polyamorphic transition. From the PAL spectroscopy results, volumetric changes in the wet-milled alloys with respect to the dry-milled ones are identified as resulting from a direct conversion of the bound positron–electron (Ps, positronium) states in the positron traps. Ps-hosting holes in the PVP medium appear instead of positron traps, with ~0.36–0.38 ns lifetimes ascribed to multivacancies in the As-Se matrix. The superposition of PAL spectrum peaks and tails for pelletized PVP, unmilled, dry-milled, and dry–wet-milled As-Se samples shows a spectacular smoothly decaying trend. The microstructure scenarios of the spontaneous (under quenching) and activated (under nanomilling) decomposition of principal network clusters in As4Se2-bearing arsenoselenides are recognized. Over-constrained As6·(2/3) ring-like network clusters acting as pre-cursors of the rhombohedral As phase are the main products of this decomposition. Two spontaneous processes for creating thioarsenides with crystalline counterparts explain the location of the glass-forming border in an As-Se system near the As4Se2 composition, while an activated decomposition process for creating layered As2Se3 structures is responsible for the nanomilling-driven molecular-to-network transition.
Cascade Hydroxyl Radical-Generating and Ferroptosis-Inducing Nanofiber System for the Therapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Park JiHye , Hao Qiaojun , Jeong Da In , Kim Hyun-Jin , Kim Sungyun , Lee Song Yi , Chu Seongnam , Hyun Usok , Cho Hyun-Jong
Published: August 2024

Nanofiber (NF) membrane systems that can provide cascade catalytic reaction and ferroptosis induction were developed for oral cancer therapy. Glucose oxidase (GOx) and aminoferrocene (AF) were introduced into the NF system for glucose deprivation/H2O2 generation and OH radical generation, respectively. GOx offers starvation therapy and AF (including iron) provides chemodynamic therapy/ferroptosis for combating oral cancer. GOx (water-soluble) and AF (poorly water-soluble) molecules were successfully entrapped in the NF membrane via an electrospinning process. GOx and AF were incorporated into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based NF, resulting in PVA/GOx/AF NF with fast disintegration and immediate drug-release properties. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (YD-9 cells), the PVA/GOx/AF NF group exhibited higher cytotoxicity, antiproliferation potential, cellular ROS level, apoptosis induction, lipid ROS level, and malondialdehyde level compared to the other NF groups. The electrospun PVA/GOx/AF NF can be directly applied to oral cancer without causing pain, offering starvation/chemodynamic therapy and ferroptosis induction.
Thermoacid Behavior of Serpentinite of the Zhitikarinsky Deposit (Kazakhstan)
Authors: Auyeshov Abdrazak , Arynov Kazhymuhan , Yeskibayeva Chaizada , Alzhanov Kurmanbek , Raiymbekov Yerkebulan
Published: August 2024

Thermoacid behavior of serpentinite from the Zhitikarinsky field (g. Zhitikara, Kazakhstan). The character of dissolution of heat-treated serpentinite in a narrow temperature range of 600–750 °C is investigated, where the crystal lattice of the structural structure of chrysotile in sulfuric acid is destroyed. The X-ray and chemical analysis of the products of dissolution of heat-treated serpentinite at 600 °C, 725 °C and 750 °C in sulfuric acid solution show that the reason for the increase in the reactivity of heat-treated serpentinite at 725 °C and 750 °C with respect to the acidic medium and the degree of magnesium extraction into sulfate solution is the formation of periclase (MgO) in the serpentinite composition after heat treatment of them within a temperature range of 600–750 °C. The results were discussed using data obtained by conducting a thermodynamic evaluation of probable reactions during the thermoacid treatment of serpentinite, phase compressions of heat-treated serpentinite at 600–750 °C, and after its acid treatment at 1.0 M H2SO4.
Nickel–Molybdenum-Based Three-Dimensional Nanoarrays for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Water Splitting
Authors: Lu Zhi , Li Shilin , Wang Yuxin , Wang Jiefeng , Guo Yifan , Ding Jiaqi , Tang Kun , Ren Yingzi , You Long , Meng Hongbo , Wang Guangxin
Published: August 2024

Water splitting is an important approach to hydrogen production. But the efficiency of the process is always controlled by the oxygen evolution reaction process. In this study, a three-dimensional nickel–molybdenum binary nanoarray microstructure electrocatalyst is successfully synthesized. It is grown uniformly on Ni foam using a hydrothermal method. Attributed to their unique nanostructure and controllable nature, the Ni-Mo-based nanoarray samples show superior reactivity and durability in oxygen evolution reactions. The series of Ni-Mo-based electrocatalysts presents a competitive overpotential of 296 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 for an OER in 1.0 M KOH, corresponding with a low Tafel slope of 121 mV dec−1. The three-dimensional nanostructure has a large double-layer capacitance and plenty of channels for ion transfer, which demonstrates more active sites and improved charge transmission. This study provides a valuable reference for the development of non-precious catalysts for water splitting.
A Strategic Synthesis of Orange Waste-Derived Porous Carbon via a Freeze-Drying Method: Morphological Characterization and Cytocompatibility Evaluation
Authors: Kaloudi Angela S. , Zygouri Panagiota , Spyrou Konstantinos , Athinodorou Antrea-Maria , Papanikolaou Eirini , Subrati Mohammed , Moschovas Dimitrios , Datta K. K. R. , Sideratou Zili , Avgeropoulos Apostolos , Simos Yannis V. , Tsamis Konstantinos I. , Peschos Dimitrios , Yentekakis Ioannis V. , Gournis Dimitrios P.
Published: August 2024

Porous carbon materials from food waste have gained growing interest worldwide for multiple applications due to their natural abundance and the sustainability of the raw materials and the cost-effective synthetic processing. Herein, orange waste-derived porous carbon (OWPC) was developed through a freeze-drying method to prevent the demolition of the original biomass structure and then was pyrolyzed to create a large number of micro, meso and macro pores. The novelty of this work lies in the fact of using the macro-channels of the orange waste in order to create a macroporous network via the freeze-drying method which remains after the pyrolysis steps and creates space for the development of different types of porous in the micro and meso scale in a controlled way. The results showed the successful preparation of a porous carbon material with a high specific surface area of 644 m2 g−1 without any physical or chemical activation. The material’s cytocompatibility was also investigated against a fibroblast cell line (NIH/3T3 cells). OWPC triggered a mild intracellular reactive oxygen species production without initiating apoptosis or severely affecting cell proliferation and survival. The combination of their physicochemical characteristics and high cytocompatibility renders them promising materials for further use in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.