bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considerations in setting up and conducting epidemiologic studies of cancer in middle‐ and low‐income countries: the experience of a case–control study of inflammatory breast cancer in North Africa in the past 10 years
Authors: Soliman Amr S. , Schairer Catherine
Published: October 2012

This article illustrates some issues we faced during our experience in conducting an epidemiologic case–control study of inflammatory breast cancer in North Africa. We expect that some of the questions we had to ask in order to address these issues might be helpful to others in setting up epidemiologic studies in developing regions. We describe our experience from different angles including the use of multiple sites to achieve adequate sample size, standardizing diagnosis of disease, identifying cancer cases at the time of diagnosis, control selection procedures, logistics of study implementation, questionnaire development and interviewing, biologic specimens, and procedures for protection of human subjects. We have developed a brief checklist to summarize important issues for conducting future epidemiologic studies in these or similar low‐ or middle‐income countries.
Synaptic localization of growth‐associated protein 43 in cultured hippocampal neurons during synaptogenesis
Authors: Morita Shoko , Miyata Seiji
Published: October 2012

Growth‐associated protein 43 (GAP‐43), a novel axonal phosphoprotein, is originally identified as a growth‐cone‐specific protein of developing neurons in vitro. The expression of GAP‐43 is also shown to be up‐regulated concomitant with increased synaptic plasticity in the brains in vivo, but how GAP‐43 is concerned with synaptic plasticity is not well understood. In the present study, therefore, we aimed to elucidate subcellular localization of GAP‐43 as culture development of rat hippocampal neurons. Western blotting showed that the expression of GAP‐43 in the cerebral and hippocampal tissues was prominently high at postnatal days 14 and 21 or the active period of synaptogenesis. Double‐labelling immunohistochemistry with an axonal marker Tau revealed that the immunoreactivity of GAP‐43 was seen throughout axons of cultured hippocampal neurons but stronger at axonal puncta of developing neurons than axonal processes. Double‐labelling immunohistochemistry with presynaptic terminal markers of synapsin and synaptotagmin revealed that the immunoreactivity of GAP‐43 was observed mostly at weak synapsin‐ and synaptotagmin‐positive puncta rather than strong ones. The quantitative analysis of immunofluorescent intensity showed a clear inverse correlation between GAP‐43 and either synapsin or synaptotagmin expression. These data indicate that GAP‐43 is highly expressed at immature growing axonal terminals and its expression is decreased along with the maturation of synaptogenesis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Stoichiometric and Bulk CrN through a Solid‐State Ion‐Exchange Reaction
Authors: Chen Miao , Wang Shanmin , Zhang Jianzhong , He Duanwei , Zhao Yusheng
Published: October 2012

Chromium mononitride (CrN) exhibits interesting magnetic, structural, and electronic properties for technological applications. Experimental reports on these properties are often inconsistent owing to differences in the degree of nonstoichiometry in CrNx. To date, the preparation of bulk and stoichiometric CrN has been challenging; most products are in the form of a thin film produced by non‐equilibrium processes, and are often nonstoichiometric and poorly crystallized. In this work, we formulated a solid‐state ion‐exchange route for the synthesis of CrN under high pressure. The final CrN product is phase‐pure, stoichiometric, and well‐crystallized in the bulk form. Near‐stoichiometric and well‐crystallized CrN can be synthesized using the same route at atmospheric pressure, making massive and industrial‐scale production technologically feasible. The successful synthesis of stoichiometric and bulk CrN is expected to open new opportunities in diverse areas of fundamental research.
ChemInform Abstract: Compressed Cesium Polyhydrides: Cs+ Sublattices and H3‐ Three‐Connected Nets.
Authors: Shamp Andrew , Hooper James , Zurek Eva
Published: October 2012

Evolutionary algorithms coupled with first‐principles DFT calculations are employed to predict the structure of cesium polyhydrides under pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Recognition of Ketomalonates by Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Aldehydes with Secondary‐Amine Organocatalysts.
Authors: Kano Taichi , Song Sunhwa , Maruoka Keiji
Published: October 2012

The asymmetric aldol reaction of malonate (I) with aldehydes (II) in the presence of an L‐proline tetrazole analogue as a catalyst leads to alcohols (III), whilst the use of a chiral dibenzo[c,e]azepine catalyst (DMBAT) affords diastereomers (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Bifunctional Tungstate Catalyst for Chemical Fixation of CO2 at Atmospheric Pressure.
Authors: Kimura Toshihiro , Kamata Keigo , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: October 2012

The first example of tungstate‐based catalytic chemical fixation of CO2 is reported by using a highly efficient homogeneous catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Reusable, Polymer‐Supported Trialkyl Phosphine Ligands. Application in Suzuki—Miyaura and Alkoxycarbonylation Reactions.
Authors: Ullah Ehsan , McNulty James , Sliwinski Marcin , Robertson Al
Published: October 2012

Aryl bromides or iodides can be used as efficient substrates, whereas a chloride is ineffective.
ChemInform Abstract: A Route for Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Naphthalenes by Reaction of ortho‐Substituted Benzylisoquinolium Bromides with α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Gupta K. C. , Gupta Vandana , Gupta A. K. , Chaudhary V. K. , Gupta S. K. , Srivastava S. , Gupta M. K.
Published: October 2012

39 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Three‐Component Organocatalytic Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted Pyrroles by a One‐Pot Domino Reaction.
Authors: Martin‐Santos Cecilia , Jarava‐Barrera Carlos , Parra Alejandro , Esteban Francisco , Navarro‐Ranninger Carmen , Aleman Jose
Published: October 2012

A new organocatalytic synthesis of 3,4‐disubstituted pyrroles is presented, involving the one‐pot, two‐step reaction of aldehydes, e.g. (I), with gem‐bromonitroalkenes, e.g. (II), and amines, e.g. (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal and Hydrogen Bond Donor Hybrids: Catalysts for the Activation of Alkylidene Malonates.
Authors: Nickerson David M. , Mattson Anita E.
Published: October 2012

A range of urea palladacycles are investigated to activate alkylidene malonates for nucleophilic attack.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Procedures for Multicomponent Synthesis of Imidazoles: Selectivity Control During the Competitive Formation of Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Kommi Damodara N. , Bollineni Narendra , Patel Alpesh R. , Chakraborti Asit K.
Published: October 2012

The catalytic potential of different fluoroboric acid‐derived catalyst systems is investigated for the cyclocondensation reaction of α‐diketones (I), aldehydes (II) and ammonium salt to form trisubstituted imidazoles (III) as well as the four component reaction using an additional amine (V) to afford tetrasubstituted derivatives (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐Benzisoxazole 2‐Oxides.
Authors: Kociolek Martin G. , Hoermann Olivia
Published: October 2012

The cyclization of o‐hydroxyaryl ketoximes is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: An Eco‐Friendly Preparation of 2‐Iminothiazolidin‐4‐ones Derivatives.
Authors: Meng Ge , Zheng Meilin , Dong Mengshu , Qu Qinghui
Published: October 2012

The self‐catalyzed reaction is suitable for large‐scale productions.
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Component Synthesis of Disubstituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives from Cinnamaldehyde, an Aromatic Carboxylic Acid, a Secondary Amine, and N‐Isocyaniminotriphenylphosphorane.
Authors: Ramazani Ali , Kalhor Robabe , Rezaei Aram , Karimi Zahra
Published: October 2012

The reported method offers a simple access to disubstituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles (V).
ChemInform Abstract: PEG400‐Lithium Carbonate Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Reddy B. Palakshi , Rajesh K. , Vijayakumar V.
Published: October 2012

A solvent‐free Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis in the presence of PEG400—lithium carbonate as catalytic system is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Multi‐Component Anion Relay Cascade of 1‐Acetylcyclopropanecarboxamides, Aldehydes and Acrylonitrile: Access to Biscyanoethylated Furo[3,2‐c]pyridinones.
Authors: Lin Shaoxia , Wei Ying , Liang Fushun , Zhao Baozhong , Liu Yanling , Liu Pengjun
Published: October 2012

A highly efficient and atom‐economical synthesis of the novel title compounds is developed by construction of up to five bonds in an one‐pot reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Imidazopyridine as Potential Antidiabetic GSK3β Inhibitors.
Authors: Lee Seung‐Chul , Kim Hyun Tae , Park Choul‐Hong , Lee Do Young , Chang Ho‐Jin , Park Soobong , Cho Joong Myung , Ro Sunggu , Suh Young‐Ger
Published: October 2012

Compound (I), selected as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, exhibits excellent GSK3β inhibition, pharmacokinetic profiles and blood glucose lowering effect in mouse.
ChemInform Abstract: 4H‐Dithieno[2,3‐b:3′,2′‐e][1,4]thiazines — Synthesis and Electronic Properties of a Novel Class of Electron‐Rich Redox Systems.
Authors: Dostert Catherine , Wanstrath Claudia , Frank Walter , Mueller Thomas J. J.
Published: October 2012

In the case where electron‐poor aromatic amines are used the yield can be increased by dielectric heating at 160 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolite Supported Broensted‐Acid Ionic Liquids: An Eco Approach for Synthesis of Spiro[indole‐pyrido[3,2‐e]thiazine] in Water under Ultrasonication.
Authors: Arya Kapil , Rawat Diwan Singh , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: October 2012

The yield of title compounds (IV) is increased in the presence of ultrasonication compared to those of conventional and microwave techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Selective Copper‐Catalyzed Reduction of Tertiary and Secondary Phosphine Oxides: Convenient Synthesis of Phosphines.
Authors: Li Yuehui , Das Shoubhik , Zhou Shaolin , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2012

The novel title reaction uses a mild reducing agent and tolerates substrates with other reducible functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Esterification of Terpene Alcohols Catalyzed by Acidic Broensted Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Gaudino E. Calcio , Cravotto G. , Garella D. , Tagliapietra S. , Bonrath W.
Published: October 2012

The microwave‐assisted esterification of terpene alcohols such as geraniol in Broensted acidic ionic liquids (IL) is introduced as promising method.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Soft Magnetic Ferrites
Authors: Michalowsky L.
Published: October 2012

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Epitaxial Spin‐Valve Structures
Authors: Laloe J.‐B. , Lew W. S. , Bland J. A. C.
Published: October 2012

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium Nanochemistry for Catalyst Preparation
Authors: Kessler Vadim G. , Seisenbaeva Gulaim A.
Published: October 2012

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclohexa‐3,5‐diene‐1,2‐trans‐diols — Synthesis and Application in Target‐Oriented Syntheses
Authors: Hausmann Tobias , Pietruszka Joerg , Schumacher Sebastian
Published: October 2012

Review: syntheses via ring‐opening of epoxides and via conversion of cis‐diols, direct biotechnological access, applications in natural product syntheses; ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges and Achievements in the Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric α‐Arylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Mazet Clement
Published: October 2012

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations into Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Arene Trifluoromethylation Reactions
Authors: Ye Yingda , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: October 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Liu Tao , Fu Hua
Published: October 2012

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Treatment Technologies for Waste‐Water Recycling — An Overview
Authors: Gupta Vinod Kumar , Ali Imran , Saleh Tawfik A. , Nayak Arunima , Agarwal Shilpi
Published: October 2012

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Recognition: From Solution Science to Nano/Materials Technology
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Ito Hiroshi , Hill Jonathan P. , Tsukube Hiroshi
Published: October 2012

Review: 319 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Malaria Pigment and Related Propanoate‐Linked Metalloporphyrin Dimers
Authors: Bohle D. Scott , Dodd Erin L. , Stephens Peter W.
Published: October 2012

Review: 37 refs.
Matrix inversion on CPU–GPU platforms with applications in control theory
Authors: Benner Peter , Ezzatti Pablo , Quintana‐Ortí Enrique S. , Remón Alfredo
Published: October 2012

In this paper, we tackle the inversion of large‐scale dense matrices via conventional matrix factorizations (LU, Cholesky, andLDLT) and the Gauss–Jordan method on hybrid platforms consisting of a multicore CPU and a many‐core graphics processor (GPU). Specifically, we introduce the different matrix inversion algorithms by using a unified framework based on the notation from the FLAME project; we develop hybrid implementations for those matrix operations underlying the algorithms, alternative to those in existing libraries for single GPU systems; and we perform an extensive experimental study on a platform equipped with state‐of‐the‐art general‐purpose architectures from Intel (Santa Clara, CA, USA) and a ‘Fermi’ GPU from NVIDIA (Santa Clara, CA, USA) that exposes the efficiency of the different inversion approaches. Our study and experimental results show the simplicity and performance advantage of the Gauss–Jordan elimination‐based inversion methods and the difficulties associated with the symmetric indefinite case. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Programming knowledge discovery workflows in service‐oriented distributed systems
Authors: Cesario Eugenio , Lackovic Marco , Talia Domenico , Trunfio Paolo
Published: October 2012

In several scientific and business domains, very large data repositories are generated. To find interesting and useful information in those repositories, efficient data mining techniques and knowledge discovery processes must be used. The exploitation of data mining techniques in science helps scientists in hypothesis formation and gives them a support on their scientific practices, whereas in industrial processes, data mining can exploit existing data sources as a real value for companies that can take advantage from the knowledge that can be extracted from their large data sources. Data mining tasks are often composed by multiple stages that may be linked to each other to form various execution flows. Moreover, data mining tasks are often distributed because they involve data and tools located over geographically distributed environments. Therefore, it is fundamental to exploit effective paradigms, such as services and workflows, to model data mining tasks that are both multi‐staged and distributed. This paper discusses data mining services and workflows for analyzing scientific data in high‐performance distributed environments such as Grids and Clouds. We discuss how it is possible to define basic and complex services for supporting distributed data mining tasks in Grids. We also present a workflow formalism and a service‐oriented programming framework, named DIS3GNO, for designing and running distributed knowledge discovery processes in the Knowledge Grid system. DIS3GNO supports all the phases of a knowledge discovery process, including composition, execution, and results visualization. After introducing DIS3GNO, some relevant use cases implemented by it and a performance evaluation of the system are discussed.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural testing for message‐passing concurrent programs: an extended test model
Authors: Souza Paulo S.L. , Souza Simone R.S. , Zaluska Ed
Published: October 2012

Developing high‐quality, error‐free message‐passing concurrent programs is not trivial. Although a number of different primitives with associated semantics are available to assist such development, they often increase the complexity of the testing process. In this paper, we extend our previous test model for message‐passing programs and present new structural testing criteria, taking into account additional features used in this paradigm, such as collective communication, non‐blocking sends, distinct semantics for non‐blocking receives, and persistent operations. Our new model also recognizes that sender primitives cannot always be matched with every receive primitive. This improvement allows us to remove statically a significant number of infeasible synchronization edges that would otherwise have to be analyzed later by the tester. In this paper, the test model is presented using the Message‐Passing Interface standard; however, our new model has been designed to be flexible, and it can be configured to support a range of different message‐passing environments or languages. We have carried out case studies showing the applicability of the new test model to represent message‐passing programs and also to reveal errors, mainly those errors related to inter‐process communication. In addition to increasing the number of features supported by the test model, we have also reduced the overall cost of testing significantly. Our case studies suggest that the number of synchronization edges can be reduced by up to 93%, mainly by eliminating infeasible edges between unmatchable communication primitives. The main contribution of the paper is to present a more flexible test model that provides improved coverage for message‐passing programs and at the same time reduces the cost of testing significantly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloud resource provisioning and SLA enforcement via LoM2HiS framework
Authors: Emeakaroha Vincent C. , Brandic Ivona , Maurer Michael , Dustdar Schahram
Published: October 2012

Cloud computing represents a novel on‐demand computing technology where resources are provisioned in compliance to a set of predefined non‐functional properties specified and negotiated by means of service level agreements (SLAs). Currently, cloud providers strive to achieve efficient SLA enforcement strategies to avoid costly SLA violations during application provisioning and to timely react to failures and environmental changes. These strategies include advanced application deployment mechanisms and appropriate resource monitoring concepts. In terms of cloud resource monitoring, providers tend to adopt existing monitoring tools, such as those from grid environments. However, those tools are usually restricted to locality and homogeneity of monitored objects, are not scalable, and do not support mapping of low‐level resource metrics (e.g., system uptime and downtime) to high‐level application‐specific SLA parameters (e.g., system availability). In this paper, we present a novel low‐level metrics to high‐level SLA (LoM2HiS) framework for managing the monitoring of low‐level resource metrics and mapping them to high‐level SLAs and an application deployment mechanism for scheduling and provisioning applications in clouds. The LoM2HiS framework provides the application deployment mechanism with monitored information and SLA violation prevention techniques, thereby ensuring the performance of the applications and thus increasing the revenue of the cloud provider by avoiding SLA violation penalty cost. This framework is the building block of the Foundations of Self‐governing ICT Infrastructures project, which intends to facilitate autonomic SLA management and enforcement. Thus, the LoM2HiS framework detects future SLA violation threats and can notify the knowledge component to act so as to avert the threats. We discuss in detail the conceptual design of the LoM2HiS framework and the application deployment mechanism including their implementations. Finally, we present our evaluation results based on a use‐case scenario demonstrating the usage of the LoM2HiS framework in a real cloud environment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photophysical Properties of Au‐CdTe Hybrid Nanostructures of Varying Sizes and Shapes
Authors: Haldar Krishna Kanta , Sen Tapasi , Mandal Sadananda , Patra Amitava
Published: October 2012

We design well‐defined metal‐semiconductor nanostructures using thiol‐functionalized CdTe quantum dots (QDs)/quantum rods (QRs) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein‐conjugated Au nanoparticles (NPs)/nanorods (NRs) in aqueous solution. The main focus of this article is to address the impacts of size and shape on the photophysical properties, including radiative and nonradiative decay processes and energy transfers, of Au‐CdTe hybrid nanostructures. The red shifting of the plasmonic band and the strong photoluminescence (PL) quenching reveal a strong interaction between plasmons and excitons in these Au‐CdTe hybrid nanostructures. The PL quenching of CdTe QDs varies from 40 to 86 % by changing the size and shape of the Au NPs. The radiative as well as the nonradiative decay rates of the CdTe QDs/QRs are found to be affected in the presence of both Au NPs and NRs. A significant change in the nonradiative decay rate from 4.72×106 to 3.92×1010 s−1 is obtained for Au NR‐conjugated CdTe QDs. It is seen that the sizes and shapes of the Au NPs have a pronounced effect on the distance‐dependent energy transfer. Such metal‐semiconductor hybrid nanostructures should have great potentials for nonlinear optical properties, photovoltaic devices, and chemical sensors.
Assessing the Accuracy of SAPT(DFT) Interaction Energies by Comparison with Experimentally Derived Noble Gas Potentials and Molecular Crystal Lattice Energies
Authors: Bordner Andrew J.
Published: October 2012

The density functional version of symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory, SAPT(DFT), is a computationally efficient method for calculating intermolecular interaction energies. We evaluate its accuracy by comparison with experimentally determined noble gas interaction potentials and sublimation enthalpies, most of which have not been previously calculated using this method. In order to compare the results with wavefunction methods, we also calculate these quantities using MP2 and, for noble gas dimers, using CCSD(T). For the crystal lattice energy calculations, we include corrections to the dispersion, electrostatic, and induction energies that account for the finite interaction distance cutoff and higher‐order induction contributions. Overall, the energy values extrapolated to the complete basis set limit show that SAPT(DFT) achieves significantly better agreement with experiment than MP2.
Network‐coded multiple‐source cooperation aided relaying for free‐space optical transmission
Authors: Zhou Xiaolin , Zhang Dingchen , Yang Yandong , Obaidat Mohammad S.
Published: October 2012

A network‐coded cooperative relaying aided free‐space optical (FSO) transmission scheme is designed. The resultant multiple‐source cooperation diversity is exploited by the relay to mitigate the strong turbulence‐induced fading experienced in FSO channels. At the destination, an iterative multiple source detection algorithm is proposed in conjunction with a chip‐level soft network decoding method. Our performance evaluation results using simulation analysis demonstrate that the proposed FSO multiple source detection is capable of approaching the single‐user‐bound for transmission over Gamma–Gamma turbulence channels. Also, the network‐coded cooperative FSO scheme can achieve a significant BER improvement in comparison with conventional noncooperation schemes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pond hydrology and dissolved carbon dynamics at Polar Bear Pass wetland, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Abnizova Anna , Young Kathy L. , Lafrenière Melissa J.
Published: October 2012

A large number of wetlands, lakes and ponds exist in northern Canada, Alaska and Siberia, and the hydrologic and ecological processes in these water bodies are now responding to a changing climate. A large wetland, Polar Bear Pass (PBP), situated in the middle of Bathurst Island is considered to be one of the most important ecological sites in the region. Numerous ponds exist at PBP and are connected to their surrounding watersheds by streams and groundwater inflow, receiving varying amounts of water and nutrients. In 2008 and 2009, the representative hydrology of typical ponds at PBP along with their quantity of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC, respectively) was evaluated. Pond DOC and DIC loads and composition differ depending on the presence or absence of one or more hydrologic linkages that a pond has with its catchment. Elevated DOC loads were mostly of terrestrial origin and occurred in ponds receiving meltwater from snowbeds and discharge from hillslope creeks. The seasonal shift in connectivity of a pond to its catchment was critical in controlling DOC loads and concentrations. The frequency and duration of summer precipitation had a strong control on pond hydrologic connectivity and elevated the contribution of terrestrial DOC from wetland to ponds, especially ones that were hydrologically connected. The estimated DOC yields from wet meadow catchments highlight their importance as a source of carbon to pond ecosystems downstream. These wetland areas and ponds are potentially significant pools of carbon and are sensitive to future climate changes in permafrost‐dominated environments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boosting the Emission Quantum Yield of Urea Cross‐Linked Tripodal Poly(oxypropylene)/Siloxane Hybrids Through the Variation of Catalyst Concentration
Authors: Freitas Vânia T. , Lima Patrícia P. , de Zea Bermudez Verónica , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Carlos Luís D.
Published: October 2012

Transparent monoliths of urea cross‐linked tripodal siloxane‐based hybrids, named tri‐ureasils, were prepared by the sol–gel process, using a wide concentration range of hydrochloric acid catalyst (1.0 × 10–3 ≤ [HCl] ≤ 2.0 M). The gelation time of the monoliths was controlled by varying the amount of water (2.2 and 22.2 mmol) and HCl (between 4.0 × 10–5 and 8.0 × 10–2 mmol) incorporated. Their local structure was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, 29Si and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, mid‐infrared and ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence in steady‐state and time resolved modes. The effect of [HCl] in the enhancement of the emission quantum yield was quantified. Although all the hybrids display emission at room temperature in the blue spectral region, it was observed that maximum and constant quantum yield values of 0.13 ± 0.01 are achieved for 0.01 ≤ [HCl] ≤ 0.1 M.
Selective Colorimetric and “Turn‐on” Fluorimetric Detection of Cyanide Using a Chemodosimeter Comprising Salicylaldehyde and Triphenylamine Groups
Authors: Pati Palas Baran , Zade Sanjio S.
Published: October 2012

Chemodosimeters S1 and S2 having salicylaldehyde and triphenylamine functionalities were synthesized, and the changes in their absorption and emission properties in the presence of anions were evaluated. S1 and S2 act as selective colorimetric and fluorimetric molecular probes for sensing and signalling cyanide. The signal transduction mechanism was investigated by UV/Vis absorption, emission, and NMR spectroscopy, and was supported by DFT calculations. The interaction between the receptors and cyanide ions causes large changes in both colour and emission intensity. A significant enhancement in fluorescence intensity was caused by the better nucleophilicity of the cyanide and by the carbonyl activation by the phenol proton of the salicylaldehyde group in the dosimeter through an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Intramolecular charge transfer from the negatively charged quinonoidal fragment to the triarylamine group was responsible for the colorimetric response. The detection limits were found to be 1.55 and 0.72 μM for S1 and S2, respectively, with fluorimetric enhancement factors of 350 and 25.
Comparison of DSM‐IV Versus Proposed DSM‐5 Diagnostic Criteria for Eating Disorders in a Japanese Sample
Authors: Nakai Yoshikatsu , Fukushima Mitsuo , Taniguchi Ataru , Nin Kazuko , Teramukai Satoshi
Published: October 2012

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM‐IV) and the proposed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM‐5) diagnostic criteria in terms of the number of cases of eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and to see which diagnostic system can effectively capture variance in psychiatric symptoms in a Japanese sample.

Method

One thousand and twenty‐nine women with an eating disorder (ED) participated in this study. Assessment methods included structured clinical interviews and administration of the Eating Attitudes Test and the Eating Disorder Inventory.

Results

Relaxing the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and recognizing binge ED decreased the proportion of EDNOS (from 45.1% to 26.1%). The DSM‐5 categorization of patients was better able to capture variance in psychopathology scales.

Conclusions

The proposed revisions to EDs in the DSM‐5 partially reduced reliance on EDNOS. The DSM‐5 may differentiate ED groups more effectively than the DSM‐IV. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Trust‐aware and link‐reliable routing metric composition for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Velivasaki Terpsichori‐Helen N. , Karkazis Panagiotis , Zahariadis Theodore V. , Trakadas Panagiotis T. , Capsalis Christos N.
Published: October 2012

The usability of wireless sensor networks in modern applications requires the fulfillment of dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) requirements that can only be met in a reactive manner by the introduction of composite routing metrics, capturing several distinct network characteristics. However, combining routing metrics is neither a trivial nor an arbitrary task, given the routing protocol requirements and routing metrics properties. In this paper, the theoretical framework of routing algebra formalism is adopted and extended to incorporate single or composite routing metrics, because the satisfaction of routing algebra properties ensures convergence, optimality, and loop‐freeness. Moreover, packet forwarding indication is defined as a new trust metric for systems (a) with or (b) without network retransmissions to avoid forwarding attacks, while a novel composite routing metric is presented, combining link reliability and trust‐awareness in an additive manner, fulfilling the theoretical requirements. Finally, this composite metric is applied to the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks via simulations, which verify its efficiency in several scenarios, including the comparison between lexical and additive metric composition approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoxia‐inducible factors as key regulators of tumor inflammation
Authors: Mamlouk Soulafa , Wielockx Ben
Published: October 2012

Low levels of oxygen or hypoxia is often an obstacle in health, particularly in pathological disorders like cancer. The main family of transcription factors responsible for cell survival and adaptation under strenuous conditions of hypoxia are the “hypoxia‐inducible factors” (HIFs). Together with prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs), HIFs regulates tumor angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, in addition to resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Additionally, the entire HIF transcription cascade is involved in the “seventh” hallmark of cancer; inflammation. Studies have shown that hypoxia can influence tumor associated immune cells toward assisting in tumor proliferation, differentiation, vessel growth, distant metastasis and suppression of the immune response via cytokine expression alterations. These changes are not necessarily analogous to HIF's role in non‐cancer immune responses, where hypoxia often encourages a strong inflammatory response.
Altered expression and localization of insulin receptor in proximal tubule cells from human and rat diabetic kidney
Authors: Gatica Rodrigo , Bertinat Romina , Silva Pamela , Carpio Daniel , Ramírez María José , Slebe Juan Carlos , Martín Rody San , Nualart Francisco , Campistol Jose María , Caelles Carme , Yáñez Alejandro J.
Published: October 2012

Diabetes is the major cause of end stage renal disease, and tubular alterations are now considered to participate in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here, we report for the first time that expression of the insulin receptor (IR) in human kidney is altered during diabetes. We detected a strong expression in proximal and distal tubules from human renal cortex, and a significant reduction in type 2 diabetic patients. Moreover, isolated proximal tubules from type 1 diabetic rat kidney showed a similar response, supporting its use as an excellent model for in vitro study of human DN. IR protein down‐regulation was paralleled in proximal and distal tubules from diabetic rats, but prominent in proximal tubules from diabetic patients. A target of renal insulin signaling, the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), showed increased expression and activity, and localization in compartments near the apical membrane of proximal tubules, which was correlated with activation of the GSK3β kinase in this specific renal structure in the diabetic condition. Thus, expression of IR protein in proximal tubules from type 1 and type 2 diabetic kidney indicates that this is a common regulatory mechanism which is altered in DN, triggering enhanced gluconeogenesis regardless the etiology of the disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 639–649, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regulation of immediate‐early gene transcription following activation of Gαq‐coupled designer receptors
Authors: Kaufmann Anke , Keim Anja , Thiel Gerald
Published: October 2012

G‐protein coupled designer receptors that are specifically activated by designer drugs have been developed. Here, we have analyzed the regulation of gene transcription following activation of Gαq‐coupled designer receptor (Rαq). Stimulation of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells expressing Rαq with clozapine‐N‐oxide (CNO), a pharmacologically inert compound, induced the expression of biologically active Egr‐1, a zinc finger transcription factor. Expression of a dominant‐negative mutant of the ternary complex factor (TCF) Elk‐1, a key transcriptional regulator of serum response element (SRE)‐driven gene transcription, prevented Egr‐1 expression. Stimulation of Rαq with CNO increased the transcriptional activation potential of Elk‐1 and enhanced transcription of an SRE regulated reporter gene. In addition, AP‐1 transcriptional activity was significantly elevated. AP‐1 activity was controlled by TCFs and c‐Jun in cells expressing an activated Gαq‐coupled designer receptor. CNO stimulation did not increase Egr‐1 and AP‐1 activity in neuroblastoma cells expressing endogenous M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, indicating that CNO did not function as a ligand for these receptors. Rαq stimulation also increased the transcriptional activation potential of CREB and cAMP response controlled gene transcription. Pharmacological and genetic experiments revealed that the protein kinases Raf and ERK were essential to connect Rαq stimulation with enhanced Egr‐1 and AP‐1 controlled transcription. In contrast, MAP kinase phosphatase‐1 functioned as a nuclear shut‐off device of stimulus‐transcription coupling. The fact that Rαq stimulation activates the transcription factors Egr‐1, Elk‐1, AP‐1, and CREB indicates that regulation of gene transcription is an integral part of Gαq‐coupled receptor signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 681–696, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuroprotective effects of PrxI over‐expression in an in vitro human Alzheimer's disease model
Authors: Cimini Annamaria , Gentile Roberta , Angelucci Francesco , Benedetti Elisabetta , Pitari Giuseppina , Giordano Antonio , Ippoliti Rodolfo
Published: October 2012

Peroxiredoxins are ubiquitous proteins that recently attracted major interests in view of the strict correlation observed in several cell lines and/or tissues between different levels of their expression and the increased capacity of cells to survive in different pathophysiological conditions. They are recently considered as the most important enzymes regulating the concentration of hydroperoxides inside the cells. Most of neurodisorders such as Parkinson, Huntington, Alzheimer's diseases, and ischemic injury are characterized by conditions of oxidative stress inside cells. In these pathophysiological conditions, a strict correlation between cell survival and Prx expression has been found. In CNS all the Prx isoforms are present though with different expression pattern depending on cell phenotype. Interestingly, neurons treated with amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), showed an overexpression of PrxI. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of PrxI after Aβ exposure and the underlying mechanisms by which PrxI expression counteracts cell death was investigated in a well established human AD in vitro model. Taking advantage on cells transfected by a construct where human PrxI is fused with a Green fluorescent protein (GFP) at the C‐terminus, we report some events at the basis of cell survival after Aβ injury, suggesting possible new signal cascades dealing with the antiapoptotic effect of PrxI. The results obtained indicated a protective role for PrxI in counteracting Aβ injury by increasing cell viability, preserving neurites, and decreasing cell death. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 708–715, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of candidate downstream targets of TGFβ signaling during palate development by genome‐wide transcript profiling
Authors: Pelikan Richard C. , Iwata Junichi , Suzuki Akiko , Chai Yang , Hacia Joseph G.
Published: October 2012

Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts are common birth defects whose etiology is influenced by complex genetic and environmental factors and gene–environment interactions. Although these risk factors are not yet fully elucidated, it is known that alterations in transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) signaling can cause craniofacial abnormalities, including cleft palate, in mammals. To elucidate the downstream targets of TGFβ signaling in palatogenesis, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of Tgfbr2fl/fl;Wnt1‐Cre mouse embryos with cleft palate and other craniofacial deformities resulting from the targeted inactivation of the Tgfbr2 gene in their cranial neural crest (CNC) cells. Relative to controls, palatal tissues obtained from Tgfbr2fl/fl;Wnt1‐Cre mouse embryos at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) of gestation have a robust gene expression signature reflective of known defects in CNC‐derived mesenchymal cell proliferation. Groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in diverse cellular processes and components associated with orofacial clefting, including the extracellular matrix, cholesterol metabolism, ciliogenesis, and multiple signaling pathways. A subset of the DEGs are known or suspected to be associated with an increased risk of orofacial clefting in humans and/or genetically engineered mice. Based on bioinformatics analyses, we highlight the functional relationships among differentially expressed transcriptional regulators of palatogenesis as well as transcriptional factors not previously associated with this process. We suggest that gene expression profiling studies of mice with TGFβ signaling defects provide a valuable approach for identifying candidate mechanisms by which this pathway controls cell fate during palatogenesis and its role in the etiology of human craniofacial abnormalities. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 796–807, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Change in Cognitive Errors and Coping Over the Course of Brief Psychodynamic Intervention
Authors: Kramer Ueli , de Roten Yves , Drapeau Martin , Despland Jean‐Nicolas
Published: October 2012

Objective

Cognitive change over the course of psychodynamic psychotherapy has been postulated by several models, but has rarely been studied. Based on the adaptive skills model (Badgio, Halperin, & Barber, 1999), it is reasonable to expect that very brief dynamic psychotherapy may be associated with change in coping patterns and cognitive errors (also known as cognitive distortions) y.

Method

N = 50 outpatients presenting with various psychiatric disorders and undergoing 4 sessions of Brief Psychodynamic Intervention (BPI; Despland, Drapeau, & de Roten, 2005; Despland, Michel, & de Roten, 2010) were included in this naturalistic study (mean age: 31 years; 56% female; all Caucasian). Cognitive errors and coping strategies were assessed using the Cognitive Errors Rating Scale (Drapeau et al., 2008) and Coping Patterns Rating Scale (Perry et al., 2005). These observer rated methods were applied to the verbatim transcriptions of all 4 therapy sessions completed by each patient.

Results

Results indicate change in both cognitive errors and coping patterns over the course of BPI, including an increase in the Overall Coping Functioning and a decrease in unhelpful coping processes, such as isolation, which reflects a shift in participant appraisal towards stress appraised as a challenge at the end of treatment. These changes predicted symptom change at the end of treatment. While cognitive errors also changed over the course of BPI, no predictive effect was found with regard to symptom change.

Conclusions

These results are interpreted within the framework of common change principles in psychotherapy. Implications and future research are discussed.
Duct of Luschka diagnosed by sonography in a patient with bile duct carcinoma and intrahepatic bile duct dilatation
Authors: Watanabe Manabu , Shiozawa Kazue , Kishimoto Yui , Mimura Takahiko , Ito Ken , Kamata Itaru , Kanayama Masahiro , Kikuchi Yoshinori , Igarashi Yoshinori , Sumino Yasukiyo
Published: October 2012

The bile duct of Luschka (BDL) is an anatomic anomaly that is an important cause of bile leakage after bile duct surgery. We report a case of bile duct carcinoma with dilated BDL that was diagnosed by ultrasonography (US). An 83‐year‐old man presented with an obstructive jaundice. US on admission revealed the presence of a solid hypoechoic mass in the bile duct at the hepatic duct confluence and a branch of the bile duct, about 2–4 mm in diameter, distinct from the dilated right anterior hepatic duct slightly upstream of the tumor. This branch had a spiral structure, extended along the gallbladder bed on the surface of segment 5 (S5) of the liver, and emanated small branches that entered the hepatic parenchyma. There has been no previous report of delineation of BDL by preoperative US. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:558–562, 2013.
Association of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome and placenta previa: Report of a case
Authors: Terata Miyuki , Kikuchi Akihiko , Kanasugi Tomonobu , Fukushima Akimune , Sugiyama Toru
Published: October 2012

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare disorder characterized by multiple recurrent vascular malformations. Herein we report the case of a patient with BRBNS and placenta previa. Sonography and MRI clearly identified several hemangiomas located adjacent to the uterus with none adjacent to the anterior lower uterine segment. This preoperative information helped us perform the uterine wall incision safely during the cesarean delivery. The presence and location of hemangiomas adjacent to the uterus should be carefully examined in a pregnant woman with BRBNS prior to elective or emergency cesarean delivery. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 41:517–520, 2013;
Carrier‐effect on palladium‐catalyzed, nucleophilic 18F‐fluorination of aryl triflates
Authors: Cardinale Jens , Ermert Johannes , Kügler Fabian , Helfer Andreas , Brandt Marie R. , Coenen Heinz H.
Published: October 2012

A recently published palladium‐catalyzed preparation of fluoroarenes starting from caesium fluoride attracted interest as a new alternative for radiofluorination. To test this method, a suitable protocol for the synthesis of 4‐[18F]fluorotoluene and 1‐[18F]fluoronaphthalene as model systems has been developed. The possibility to perform the reaction under no‐carrier‐added condition was of special interest. It was found out, however, that the reaction requires the presence of carrier, thus limiting the method to syntheses of radiotracers with low specific activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel proton MR spectroscopy findings in adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency
Authors: Zulfiqar Maria , Lin Doris D.M. , Van der Graaf Marinette , Barker Peter B. , Fahrner Jill A. , Marie Sandrine , Morava Eva , De Boer Lonneke , Willemsen Michel A.A.P. , Vining Eileen , Horská Alena , Engelke Udo , Wevers Ron A. , Maegawa Gustavo H.B.
Published: October 2012

Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism resulting in accumulation of metabolites including succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide riboside (SAICAr) and succinyladenosine (S‐Ado) in the brain and other tissues. Patients with ADSL have progressive psychomotor retardation, neonatal seizures, global developmental delay, hypotonia, and autistic features, although variable clinical manifestations may make the initial diagnosis challenging. Two cases of the severe form of the disease are reported here: an 18‐month‐old boy with global developmental delay, intractable neonatal seizures, progressive cerebral atrophy, and marked hypomyelination, and a 3‐month‐old girl presenting with microcephaly, neonatal seizures, and marked psychomotor retardation. In both patients in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed the presence of S‐Ado signal at 8.3 ppm, consistent with a prior report. Interestingly, SAICAr signal was also detectable at 7.5 ppm in affected white matter, which has not been reported in vivo before. A novel splice‐site mutation, c.IVS12 + 1/G > C, in the ADSL gene was identified in the second patient. Our findings confirm the utility of in vivo proton MRS in suggesting a specific diagnosis of ADSL deficiency, and also demonstrate an additional in vivo resonance (7.5 ppm) of SAICAr in the cases of severe disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:974–980. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical investigation of zoomable holographic projection without a zoom lens
Authors: Shimobaba Tomoyoshi , Kakue Takashi , Masuda Nobuyuki , Ito Tomoyoshi
Published: October 2012

Holographic projection is for laser displays and has the merits of being aberration free, producing high‐contrast images, having the ability of color reconstruction with one spatial light modulator, and so on. In this paper, we propose a zoomable holographic projection without using a zoom lens and verify the proposed method by using numerical simulation. Although such a system can be readily realized to use the features of holography, which is capable of recording a large image exceeding the hologram size, the required calculation is very time consuming. For acceleration, we used shifted Fresnel diffraction for setting different sampling rates on a hologram and projected image. The proposed method can project any zoom‐in and zoom‐out image between zeroth‐order and first‐order lights, and the processing time and required memory for the zoom are constant.