bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remediation of Methyl Red Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Using Biosorbents Developed from Floral Waste
Authors: Amari Abdelfattah , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Pathan Sabir Khan , Singh Bijendra , Osman Haitham , Choudhary Nisha , Khedher Khaled Mohamed , Basnet Anup
Published: January 2023

The disposal of biological waste into water bodies is a major global concern as it leads to water pollution resulting in the loss of plenty of revenue in the cleaning of water bodies. Here, in the present research work, sacred flowers were collected, segregated, sun-dried, and powdered. The dried floral powders (marigold and rose) were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microscopy revealed the irregular spherical shape of the sheet-like structure whose size varies in microns. The EDS revealed the elemental composition which was dominated by mainly carbon and oxygen. The XRD shows the presence of carbon (10-25 ɵ) in the amorphous form and the absence of any crystalline phase in the biosorbents. The FT-IR showed peaks that conformed to the presence of functional groups like -OH and a carbonyl group. The dried powders were used as an economical and eco-friendly biosorbent for the removal of methyl red (MR) dye from the aqueous solutions by batch adsorption study. After 60 minutes of contact time, the marigold powder (MGP) and rose petal powder (RPP) showed decolorization of 61.16% and 56.08% for 2 ppm of MR dye. The kinetic revealed that the dye removal reaction does not follow the pseudo-first-order as well as the pseudo-second-order. The utilization of such waste-based biosorbents will minimize solid waste and also will provide an economical biosorbent for the removal of environmental pollutants.
IGPred‐HDnet: Prediction of Immunoglobulin Proteins Using Graphical Features and the Hierarchal Deep Learning‐Based Approach
Authors: Ali Zakir , Alturise Fahad , Alkhalifah Tamim , Khan Yaser Daanial
Published: January 2023

Motivation. Immunoglobulin proteins (IGP) (also called antibodies) are glycoproteins that act as B‐cell receptors against external or internal antigens like viruses and bacteria. IGPs play a significant role in diverse cellular processes ranging from adhesion to cell recognition. IGP identifications via the in‐silico approach are faster and more cost‐effective than wet‐lab technological methods. Methods. In this study, we developed an intelligent theoretical deep learning framework, “IGPred‐HDnet” for the discrimination of IGPs and non‐IGPs. Three types of promising descriptors are feature extraction based on graphical and statistical features (FEGS), amphiphilic pseudo‐amino acid composition (Amp‐PseAAC), and dipeptide composition (DPC) to extract the graphical, physicochemical, and sequential features. Next, the extracted attributes are evaluated through machine learning, i.e., decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), k‐nearest neighbour (KNN), and hierarchical deep network (HDnet) classifiers. The proposed predictor IGPred‐HDnet was trained and tested using a 10‐fold cross‐validation and independent test. Results and Conclusion. The success rates in terms of accuracy (ACC) and Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) of IGPred‐HDnet on training and independent dataset (Dtrain Dtest) are ACC = 98.00%, 99.10%, and MCC = 0.958, and 0.980 points, respectively. The empirical outcomes demonstrate that the IGPred‐HDnet model efficacy on both datasets using the novel FEGS feature and HDnet algorithm achieved superior predictions to other existing computational models. We hope this research will provide great insights into the large‐scale identification of IGPs and pharmaceutical companies in new drug design.
Surface Characterization of Stainless Steel 316L Coated with Various Nanoparticle Types
Authors: Aldabagh Dhiaa J. , Alzubaydi Thair L. , Alhuwaizi Akram F.
Published: January 2023

Background. Material tribology has widely expanded in scope and depth and is extended from the mechanical field to the biomedical field. The present study aimed to characterize the nanocoating of highly pure (99.9%) niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), and vanadium (V) deposited on 316L stainless steel (SS) substrates which considered the most widely used alloys in the manufacturing of SS orthodontic components. To date, the coating of SS orthodontic archwires with Nb, Ta, and V using a plasma sputtering method has never been reported. Nanodeposition was performed using a DC plasma sputtering system with three different sputtering times (1, 2, and 3 hours). Results. Structural and elemental analyses were conducted on the deposited coatings using XRD, FESEM, and EDS showing a unique phase of coating metals over their substrates with obvious homogeneous even deposition. A highly significant positive correlation was found between sputtering time and thickness of the achieved coatings. AFM revealed a reduction in the surface roughness of 316L SS substrates sputtered with all coating materials, significantly seen in V coatings. Conclusions. Sputtering time and coating material play a significant role in terms of microstructure and topography of the achieved coatings being the best in the Ta group; moreover, surface roughness was significantly improved by V coatings. Likewise, it is found to be sputtering time independent for all used coatings.
Analysis of the Function of Schottky Barrier Diode in Microwave Rectifying Circuit
Authors: Xia Yong , Shi Xiaowei
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a new viewpoint on the function of the Schottky barrier diode (SBD) in microwave rectifying circuit is proposed. In the analog circuit field, it has been formed a relatively mature theoretical system about the rectifying circuit, which constitutes the base of subsequent rectifier design schemes. The researchers take it for granted that the SBD selected as the core component in the microwave rectifying circuit should play the role of rectifying in the same way as the diode in the analog circuit. The fact that the one-directional conductivity of the SBD is not observed in microwave circuit by the means of simulation and experiment is proposed. The basis of the former rectification theory is in doubt here. Due to the interaction of the microstrip line and SBD, the DC component generated at the front end of SBD is the key reason for the DC output power of rectifying circuit. The way of DC generation is completely different from the previous idea. Accurate and in-depth understanding of the function of SBD in microwave rectifying circuit will help the researchers to make use of SBD rightly and design circuit in future applications.
Shuangdan Mingmu Capsule for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Du Jiaan , Mao Yingqi , Xu Youhua , Qu Kai , Han Aiwei , Wu Qibiao , Yu Lili
Published: January 2023

Objective. To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Shuangdan Mingmu capsule in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods. Common Chinese and English databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, VIP, Wanfang, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched from their inception to May 31, 2022. According to the Cochrane Handbook, two reviewers independently evaluated and collected data on the included studies. Meta‐analysis was performed by RevMan software 5.4. Results. Seven trials with a total of 835 patients were included. The clinical effectiveness rate was defined as the primary outcome, and the TCM symptom score, Chinese‐Version Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire (CLVQOL) scores, macular thickness, hemorrhagic spot area, vascular endothelial growth factor levels, platelet‐derived growth factor levels, and the incidence of adverse effects were the secondary outcome. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that, compared with conventional medical treatment alone, the Shuangdan Mingmu capsule combined with conventional treatment could significantly improve the clinical effectiveness rate of treating DR (OR = 4.07, 95% CI (2.10, 7.89), p < 0.0001), and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in DR patients (OR = 0.47, 95% CI (0.26, 0.86), p = 0.01). In addition, other results showed that TCM symptom score(OR = −3.47, 95% CI (−3.84, −3.10), p < 0.00001); CLVQOL scores (OR = 23.93, 95% CI (21.37, 26.49), p < 0.00001); macular thickness (OR = −47.34, 95% CI (−50.67, 44.00), p < 0.00001); hemorrhagic spot area (OR = −0.91, 95% CI (−1.01, −0.81), p < 0.00001); vascular endothelial growth factor levels (OR = −45.76, 95% CI (−49.74, 41.79), p < 0.00001); platelet‐derived growth factor levels (OR = −1.73, 95% CI (−2.15, −1.31), p < 0.00001). Conclusion. Compared with conventional treatment alone, the Shuangdan Mingmu capsule combined with conventional treatment is more effective and safer in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. However, due to the limitations of the included studies, more high‐quality studies are still needed to further assess the efficacy and safety of the Shuangdan Mingmu capsule in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Blood Type and Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Placenta Previa
Authors: Fan Dazhi , Rao Jiaming , Zhang Huishan , Lin Dongxin , Guo Xiaoling , Liu Zhengping
Published: January 2023

Background. Placenta previa increases the risks of obstetrical complications. Many studies have reported a link between various ABO blood types and pregnancy complications. This study is aimed at describing and comparing the characteristics and outcomes of women with placenta previa by ABO blood type. Methods. Data for this study was obtained from a retrospective cohort study between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2019, of all clinically confirmed placenta previa in a university-based tertiary medical center. Both types of A, B, O, AB, and combining O and non-O blood types were compared to the characteristics and outcomes. Results. 1678 participants with placenta previa were included in this study. The highest participants were blood type O with 666 (39.7%), followed by type A with 508 (30.3%) and type B with 395 (23.5%), and the lowest participants were AB with 109 (6.5%). Blood type AB had a higher incidence of antepartum hemorrhage (p=0.017), predelivery anemia (p=0.036), and preterm birth (p=0.015) in placenta previa women. Meanwhile, the incidence of rhesus D positive (97.9% vs. 95.8%,p=0.012) and twins (5.0% vs. 2.7%,p=0.011) was higher in the non-O group, and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia (5.9% vs. 9.2%,p=0.016) was lower in the non-O group. Conclusion. Type AB blood may be a potential risk factor for women with placenta previa. This finding may help provide any obstetrician to predict the risk of complication for placenta previa women by the ABO blood types.
Influence of Gas from Long-Flame Coal Spontaneous Combustion on Gas Explosion Limit
Authors: Wang Haitao , Liu Yongli , Shan Qiyuan
Published: January 2023

To investigate the impact of multiple combustible gases produced by long-flame coal spontaneous combustion on the gas explosion limit and to guide the reoperation of the coal mine goaf and fire area, the influence of gas generated by coal spontaneous combustion on gas explosion limit is investigated in this paper using a temperature-programmed device and a 20 L spherical explosion device. The results show that the volume fraction of CO produced during the spontaneous combustion of coal samples is 0.47%, followed by CH4 and C2H6, and C2H4 has the lowest content. Simultaneously, the coal spontaneous combustion is divided by 30°C, 80°C, and 170°C as the threshold, depending on the different gas characteristics. Organic C2H4 and C2H6 produced by coal spontaneous combustion have a greater impact on the CH4 explosion limit than inorganic CO. The lower and upper limits of CH4 explosion were reduced to 2.98% and 12.2%, respectively, by 0.8% C2H6. C2H4 and C2H6 explosion limits change dramatically when mixed with CH4. The CO and CH4 mixture explosion limit decreases first and then increases. C2H4 and C2H6 have a significant impact on the explosion pressure of mixed gas and the lower explosion limit of gas. The lower explosion limit falls from 5.1% to 4.3% as the explosion pressure rises from 0.25 MPa to 0.29 MPa.
Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Coronary Artery Disease Based on Cuproptosis
Authors: Zhang Bohong , He Mingliang
Published: January 2023

Identifying peripheral biomarkers is an important noninvasive diagnosis method for coronary artery disease (CAD) which has aroused the strong interest of researchers. Cuproptosis, a newly reported kind of programmed cell death, is closely related to mitochondrial respiration, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and the TCA cycle. Currently, no studies have been published about the effects of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) on diagnosing CAD. To screen marker genes for CAD from CRGs, we downloaded the whole blood cell gene expression profile of CAD patients and normal samples, i.e., the GSE20680 dataset, from the GEO database. By differential expression analysis, we obtained 10 differentially expressed CRGs (DE-CRGs), which were associated with copper ion response, immune response, and material metabolism. Based on the 10 DE-CRGs, we furtherly performed LASSO analysis and SVM-RFE analysis and identified 5 DE-CRGs as marker genes, including F5, MT4, RNF7, S100A12, and SORD, which had an excellent diagnostic performance. Moreover, the expression of the marker genes was validated in the GSE20681 and GSE42148 datasets, and consistent results were obtained. In mechanism, we conducted gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) based on the marker genes, and the results implied that they might participate in the regulation of immune response. Therefore, we calculated the relative contents of 22 kinds of immune cells in CAD and normal samples using the CIBERSORT algorithm, followed by differential analysis and correlation analysis of the immune microenvironment, and found that regulatory T cell (Treg) significantly decreased and was negatively correlated with marker gene S100A12. To further reveal the regulation mechanisms, a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network based on the marker genes was established. Finally, 13 potential therapeutic drugs targeting 2 marker genes (S100A12 and F5) were identified using the Drug Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb). In summary, our findings indicated that some CRGs may be diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets for CAD and provided new ideas for further scientific research.
Bioinorganic Preparation of Hydroxyapatite and Rare Earth Substituted Hydroxyapatite for Biomaterials Applications
Authors: Al-Shahrabalee Suha Q. , Jaber Hussein Alaa
Published: January 2023

Rare Earth elements in the lanthanide series are regarded as one of the finest options for the cationic substitution of calcium ions in hydroxyapatite (HA) because of their favorable impact on the biological characteristics of substituted HA. Neodymium and cerium were used to substitute 5% of calcium ions in HA, prepared via the wet precipitation method. Characterization tests for pure and substituted HA were conducted using XRD, FTIR, EDS, and FESEM. The results showed that changing part from calcium ions in hydroxyapatite to Nd and Ce ions altered its structure, composition, and morphology. Regarding the biological tests, the cytotoxicity test revealed a change in IC50 for both normal and cancer cell lines, where substitution part of the Ca ions with rare Earth elements led to increasing antitumor activity in comparison with HA without substitution; in addition, antibacterial and fungicide activity was evident for both HA and Nd-Ce/HA, with a modest increase in antibacterial activity of Nd-Ce/HA against S. epidermidis and E. coli in comparison with HA. These findings may shed light on the process by which Nd and Ce ions improve the biological characteristics of pure HA and the increased potential of these bioceramics.
Regulation of Pancreatic TXNIP‐Insulin Expression Levels after Bariatric Surgery Using Diabetic Rodent Model
Authors: Widjaja Jason , Chu Yuxiao , Wang Jian , Hong Jian , Zhu Xiaocheng , Yao Libin
Published: January 2023

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on pancreatic thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) and insulin expression levels. The research question is does bariatric surgery induce changes in the pancreatic TXNIP level, given that TXNIP has been proposed as a key glucose control factor? Methods. Using nondiabetic and diabetic rats, we investigated whether our streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat models exhibited changes in pancreatic TXNIP regulation. Following this confirmation, we randomly divided the diabetic rats into the following three groups: the gastric bypass group (n = 16), pair‐fed group (n = 10), and sham group (n = 10). Preoperatively and 3 weeks postoperatively, all the rats underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, and blood sampling procedures for hormonal analysis. Results. The TXNIP messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels were significantly lower in the gastric bypass group than in the other groups. Regarding the gastric bypass group, the pancreatic mRNA expression levels of microRNA‐204 (miR‐204) and MafA were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than in the other groups. Furthermore, the levels of pancreatic insulin expression at the mRNA and protein levels were also significantly higher in the gastric bypass group than in the other groups. Conclusion. Bariatric surgery significantly improved glucose control and regulated the pancreatic insulin production pathways of TXNIP, miR‐204, and MafA. The regulation of TXNIP, miR‐204, and MafA might play an important role in the mechanism of diabetes remission following bariatric surgery.
Effect of Exfoliation Corrosion on the Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Spot Welded 2024-T3 AA Joints
Authors: Gardi Ramadhan H. , kadauw Abdulkader , Hanschel Bertrand
Published: January 2023

This study aims to detect the impact of preexfoliation corrosion on the efficiency of 2 mm thick 2024-T3 aluminum alloy friction stir spot welded (FSSW) joints. Five specimens of FSSW joints, welded with 620 r·min−1 rotational speed and a dwell time of 10 seconds, were immersed in an exfoliation corrosion solution for five different times: 10 h, 20 h, 30 h, 40 h, and 50 h. The tensile shear load for the noncorroded joint was 3.5 kN. The results showed that the degradation of mechanical properties increased with increasing exposure time, and the joint efficiency drop reached 62% for specimens exposed for 50 h to the corroded solution. As welded FSSW 2024-T3 AA joints exhibited a nugget debonding failure mode and a mixed-mode tensile-shear fracture, in the corroded specimens, only a shear fracture could be seen. The results were attributed to a reduction in the bonding area between the upper and lower sheets due to corrosion.
Muybridge, Dercum, and the Early Use of Photography in the Study of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures
Authors: Ho Richard , Carrazana Enrique J.
Published: January 2023

The impact of the collaboration between photographer Eadweard Muybridge and neurologist Francis Dercum is detailed within the context of a photographic study of an artificially induced psychogenic non-epileptic seizure. Their contribution served as inspiration to other contemporary European neurologists and photographers to use motion photography to further understand psychogenic neurological disorders, such as seizures.
Modulation of Neutrophil Function by Recombinant Human IgG1 Fc Hexamer in the Endogenous K/BxN Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Almizraq Ruqayyah J. , Frias Boligan Kayluz , Lewis Bonnie J.B. , Cen Selena , Whetstone Heather , Spirig Rolf , Käsermann Fabian , Campbell Ian K. , von Gunten Stephan , Branch Donald R.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Neutrophils are a pivotal cell type in the K/BxN mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis and play an essential role in the progression of the arthritis. They are readily activated by immune complexes (ICs) via their FcγRs to release IL-1β in addition to other cytokines, which are inducing cartilage destruction. Neutrophils also release neutrophil-active chemokines to recruit themselves in an autocrine manner to perpetuate tissue destruction. FcγR-expression on neutrophils is of crucial importance for the recognition of ICs. Methods: In this study, due to its high avidity for binding to FcγRs, we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory effect of a recombinant IgG1 Fc hexamer (rFc-µTP-L309C) on neutrophils in the K/BxN mouse model of endogenously generated chronic arthritis. 200 mg/kg rFc-µTP-L309C and human serum albumin (HSA), used as controls, were administered subcutaneously every other day. Mouse ankle joints were monitored daily to generate a clinical score. Immunohistology was used to evaluate neutrophil infiltration and TUNEL to assess apoptosis. ELISA was used to measure IL-1β. Results: Treatment with rFc-µTP-L309C, but not HSA, was able to significantly ameliorate the arthritis in the K/BxN mice. Significant neutrophil infiltration into the ankle joint was found, but treatment with rFc-µTP-L309C resulted in significantly less neutrophil infiltration. There was no significant influence of rFc-µTP-L309C on neutrophil death or apoptosis. Less neutrophil infiltration could not be correlated to chemokine-mediated migration. Significantly less IL-1β was measured in mice treated with rFc-µTP-L309C. Conclusion: In the endogenous K/BxN mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, amelioration can be explained in part by inhibition of neutrophil infiltration into the joints as well as inhibition of IL-1β production. Given the observed inhibitory properties on neutrophils, rFc-µTP-L309C may be a potential therapeutic candidate to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions in which neutrophils are the predominant cell type involved in pathogenesis.
Safety and Efficacy of Laparoscopic Surgery versus Open Surgery in Elderly Patients with Colon Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Chao , Gan Lin , Jiang Kewei , Gao Zhidong , Ye Yingjiang
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The safety of laparoscopic surgery (LS) and its effect on survival have not been sufficiently assessed in elderly colon cancer patients. Methods: Clinicopathologic data of patients aged ≥75 years who underwent colectomy for primary colon cancer, between January 2018 and June 2021, were reviewed. Patients were divided into the LS and open surgery (OS) groups according to the intention-to-treat principle and were compared using propensity score matching. The primary outcomes were differences in surgical safety and 3-year survival. Results: There were 98 patients with a median age of 82 years and 85 patients with a median age of 80 years assigned to the OS and LS groups, respectively. Propensity score matching revealed that LS did not prolong the operative time (190 vs. 180 min, p = 0.209) and was linked to less intraoperative blood loss (50 vs. 100 mL, p = 0.039) and shorter postoperative hospital stay (8 vs. 10 days, p = 0.005), compared to OS. In addition, LS was not accompanied by more stress response when the variations exhibited in laboratory tests and the Barthel index pre- and postsurgery were considered. There were no significant differences in the adjusted 3-year overall survival (86.0% vs. 81.2%, p = 0.795) and disease-free survival (86.6% vs. 87.9%, p = 0.356) between the groups. Conclusion: LS enhanced postoperative recovery without increasing surgical risks, compared to OS, in colon cancer patients aged ≥75 years. Furthermore, no significant differences in the 3-year adjusted survival were observed between the groups.
Occurrence, Characteristics, and Outcome of Hypoxic Liver Injury among Patients Aged ≥90 Years Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Roedl Kevin , Daniels Rikus , Theile Pauline , Fuhrmann Valentin , Kluge Stefan , Müller Jakob
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Hypoxic liver injury (HLI) is a frequent and life-threatening complication occurring in up to 10% of critically ill patients. Heart failure and age were previously identified as risk factors for occurrence of HLI. However, there is lack of data on incidence of HLI and its clinical implications on outcome in very old (≥90 years) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate occurrence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of HLI in critically ill patients ≥90 years. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of all consecutive critically ill patients ≥90 years admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care university hospital in Hamburg, Germany. Clinical course and laboratory data were analyzed for all patients. HLI was defined according to established criteria as elevation of aminotransferase levels (>20-fold upper limit of normal). Predictors of HLI occurrence, clinical course, and outcome were assessed and compared to those of patients without HLI. Results: In total, 1,065 critically ill patients ≥90 years were included. During the ICU stay, 3% (n = 35) developed HLI. Main causes of HLI were cardiogenic shock (51%, n = 18), septic shock (23%, n = 8), and cardiac arrest (20%, n = 7). Presenting characteristics including age, gender, and BMI were comparable between patients with and without HLI. The admission cause was primary medical (HLI: 49% vs. No-HLI: 34%, p = 0.07), surgical – planned (9% vs. 38%, p < 0.001), and surgical – emergency (43% vs. 28%, p = 0.06). The median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the median updated CCI were 2 (1–3) and 2 (1–2) points in patients with HLI and 1 (0–2) and 1 (0–2) in patients without HLI (p < 0.01 and p = 0.08). Patients with HLI presented with higher SAPS II (55 vs. 36 points p < 0.001) score on admission and required mechanical ventilation (66% vs. 34%, p < 0.001), vasopressor therapy (91% vs. 40%, p < 0.001), renal replacement therapy (20% vs. 2%, p < 0.001), and parenteral nutrition (29% vs. 7%, p < 0.001). The ICU mortality and hospital mortality in patients with HLI were 66% (n = 23) and 83% (n = 29) compared with 17% (n = 170) and 28% (n = 292) in patients without HLI, respectively (both p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified SAPS II (OR 1.05, 95% CI: [1.02–1.07]; p < 0.001) and vasopressor therapy (OR 9.21, 95% CI: [2.58–32.86]; p < 0.01) as factors significantly associated with new onset of HLI. Occurrence of HLI was independently associated with mortality (HR 2.23, 95% CI: [1.50–3.30]; p < 0.001). Conclusion: HLI is an uncommon but not rare condition in critically ill patients aged ≥90 years. Occurrence of HLI is associated with high mortality and is mainly caused by cardiogenic or septic shock. HLI may serve as early prognostic marker in critically ill patients aged ≥90 years.
Mechanism design for walking typed solar panel-cleaning robot using triple driving lines
Authors: Jang Woo Jin , Kim Jin Gahk , Lee Sang Hun , Kim Dong Hwan
Published: January 2023

In this study, we propose a walking-type solar power cleaning robot mechanism driven by a driving unit composed of three driving lines. The triple driving lines are driven using a link mechanism, and vacuum pads are attached to each driving line to move the robot body through a sequence operation between the three lines. Through this mechanism, the robot body can be moved horizontally with the panel without folding the pad, and the amount of vertical movement is minimized during movement. By analyzing the pressure patterns of the pads on the driving line, smooth and fast movement was possible.
A Composite Score Summarizing Use and Dosing of Evidence-Based Medical Therapies in Heart Failure: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Johansen Niklas Dyrby , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Zahir Deewa , Fiuzat Mona , DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Januzzi James L. , Butler Javed , O’Connor Christopher M. , Abraham William T. , Psotka Mitchell A. , McMurray John J.V. , Dewan Pooja , Claggett Brian L. , Solomon Scott D. , Modin Daniel , Butt Jawad H. , Jensen Jens Ulrik Stæhr , Schou Morten , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Gislason Gunnar H. , Biering-Sørensen Tor
Published: January 2023

Background:

As heart failure therapeutic care becomes increasingly complex, a composite medical therapy score could be useful to conveniently summarize background medical therapy. We applied the composite medical therapy score developed by the Heart Failure Collaboratory (HFC) to the Danish heart failure with reduced ejection fraction population to evaluate its external validation including assessing the distribution of the score and its association with survival.

Methods:

In a retrospective nationwide cohort study, we identified all Danish heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients alive on July 1, 2018, and assessed their treatment doses. Patients were excluded if they did not have at least 365 days for up-titration of medical therapy prior to identification. The HFC score (range 0–8) accounts for use and dosing of multiple therapies prescribed to each patient. Risk-adjusted association between the composite score and all-cause mortality was examined.

Results:

In total, 26 779 patients (mean age 71.9 years; 32% women) were identified. At baseline, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker was used in 77%, β-blocker in 81%, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in 30%, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor in 2%, and ivabradine in 2%. The median HFC score was 4. After multivariable adjustment, higher HFC scores were independently associated with lower mortality (≥median versus <median: hazard ratio, 0.72 [0.67–0.78];
P
<0.001). In restricted cubic spline analysis based on a fully adjusted Poisson regression model, a graded inverse association between the HFC score and death was observed,
P
<0.001.

Conclusions:

Nationwide assessment of therapeutic optimization in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction using the HFC score was feasible and the score was strongly and independently associated with survival.
Use of Valsalva Maneuver to Detect Late-Onset Delayed Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Park Jin-Woo , Okamoto Luis E. , Kim Sung-Hwan , Baek Seol-Hee , Sung Joo Hye , Jeon Namjoon , Gamboa Alfredo , Shibao Cyndya A. , Diedrich André , Kim Byung-Jo , Biaggioni Italo
Published: January 2023

Background:

Standard autonomic testing includes a 10-minute head-up tilt table test to detect orthostatic hypotension. Although this test can detect delayed orthostatic hypotension (dOH) between 3 and 10 minutes of standing, it cannot detect late-onset dOH after 10 minutes of standing.

Methods:

To determine whether Valsalva maneuver responses can identify patients who would require prolonged head-up tilt table test to diagnose late-onset dOH; patients with immediate orthostatic hypotension (onset <3 minutes; n=176), early-onset dOH (onset between 3 and 10 minutes; n=68), and late-onset dOH (onset >10 minutes; n=32) were retrospectively compared with controls (n=114) with normal head-up tilt table test and composite autonomic scoring scale score of 0.

Results:

Changes in baseline systolic blood pressure at late phase 2 (∆SBP
VM2
), heart rate difference between baseline and phase 3 (∆HR
VM3
), and Valsalva ratio were lower and pressure recovery time (PRT) at phase 4 was longer in late-onset dOH patients than in controls. Differences in PRT and ∆HR
VM3
remained significant after correcting for age. A PRT ≥2.14 s and ∆HR
VM3
≤15 bpm distinguished late-onset dOH from age- and sex-matched controls. Patients with longer PRT (relative risk ratio, 2.189 [1.579–3.036]) and lower ∆HR
VM3
(relative risk ratio, 0.897 [0.847–0.951]) were more likely to have late-onset dOH. Patients with longer PRT (relative risk ratio, 1.075 [1.012–1.133]) were more likely to have early-onset than late-onset dOH.

Conclusions:

Long PRT and short ∆HR
VM3
can help to identify patients who require prolonged head-up tilt table test to diagnose late-onset dOH.
Phenotyping of Elderly Patients With Heart Failure Focused on Noncardiac Conditions: A Latent Class Analysis From a Multicenter Registry of Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure
Authors: Nakamaru Ryo , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Niimi Nozomi , Kohno Takashi , Nagatomo Yuji , Takei Makoto , Ikoma Takenori , Nishikawa Kei , Sakamoto Munehisa , Nakano Shintaro , Kohsaka Shun , Yoshikawa Tsutomu
Published: January 2023

Background

The burden of noncardiovascular conditions is becoming increasingly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF). We aimed to identify novel phenogroups incorporating noncardiovascular conditions to facilitate understanding and risk stratification in elderly patients with HF.

Methods and Results

Data from a total of 1881 (61.2%) patients aged ≥65 years were extracted from a prospective multicenter registry of patients hospitalized for acute HF (N=3072). We constructed subgroups of patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; N=826, 43.9%) and those with non‐HFpEF (N=1055, 56.1%). Latent class analysis was performed in each subgroup using 17 variables focused on noncardiovascular conditions (including comorbidities, Clinical Frailty Scale, and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index). The latent class analysis revealed 3 distinct clinical phenogroups in both HFpEF and non‐HFpEF subgroups: (1) robust physical and nutritional status (Group 1: HFpEF, 41.2%; non‐HFpEF, 46.0%); (2) multimorbid patients with renal impairment (Group 2: HFpEF, 40.8%; non‐HFpEF, 41.9%); and (3) malnourished patients (Group 3: HFpEF, 18.0%; non‐HFpEF, 12.1%). After multivariable adjustment, compared with Group 1, patients in Groups 2 and 3 had a higher risk for all‐cause death over the 1‐year postdischarge period (hazard ratio [HR], 2.79 [95% CI, 1.64–4.81] and HR, 2.73 [95% CI, 1.39–5.35] in HFpEF; HR, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.22–3.14] and HR, 2.97 [95% CI, 1.64–5.38] in non‐HFpEF; respectively).

Conclusions

In elderly patients with HF, the phenomapping focused on incorporating noncardiovascular conditions identified 3 phenogroups, each representing distinct clinical outcomes, and the discrimination pattern was similar for both patients with HFpEF and non‐HFpEF. This classification provides novel risk stratification and may aid in clinical decision making.
The order Axinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) in California
Authors: TURNER THOMAS L. , PANKEY M. SABRINA
Published: January 2023

Sponges are common and diverse in California, but they have received little study in the region, and the identities of many common species remain unclear. Here we combine fresh collections and museum vouchers to revise the order Axinellida for California. Seven new species are described: Endectyon (Endectyon) hispitumulus, Eurypon curvoclavus, Aulospongus viridans, Aulospongus lajollaensis, Halicnemia litorea, Halicnemia montereyensis, and Halicnemia weltoni. One new combination is also described, and two existing species are reduced to junior synonyms, resulting in a total of 13 species; a dichotomous key to differentiate them is provided. DNA data from 9 of the 13 species is combined with publicly available data to produce updated global phylogenies for the order.
A new species of Eurypogon Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Artematopodidae) from China, with notes on E. sanzang Wang & Liu
Authors: PACKOVA GABRIELA , HÁVA JIŘÍ , WANG CHENG-BIN , KUNDRATA ROBIN
Published: January 2023

Eurypogon Motschulsky, 1859 is a small artematopodid genus from the Nearctic and Palaearctic realms, with only three species known from mainland China. Here, we describe Eurypogon schuhi Packova & Kundrata, sp. nov. from the Hubei province in China, which is similar in the black body coloration to the recently described Eurypogon sanzang Wang & Liu, 2021 from the Henan province. Both species differ mainly in the ratio of basal antennomeres, elytral surface and proportions, and shape of male genitalia. We report populations of E. sanzang from the Qinling Shan in the Shaanxi province (a new province record) and from the Xiong’er Shan in the Henan province. Additionally, we describe the female of E. sanzang and discuss intraspecific variability in male genitalia. We provide images of main diagnostic characters for both species.
New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from the Guiana Shield
Authors: SANTANA LARISSA , SHORT ANDREW EDWARD Z. , BENETTI CESAR JOÃO , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: January 2023

The species of the water scavenger beetle genus Oocyclus Sharp are reviewed for the Guiana Shield region of South America. Seven species are recorded, including one here described as new: Oocyclus paraiso sp. n. from the Brazilian state of Pará. New records of previously described species are also reported for Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname. The aedeagus of O. coromoto Short & García is illustrated for the first time. As with all other known members of the genus, all Guiana Shield species are hygropetric habitat specialists. A key to the Oocyclus of the Guiana Shield is provided.
Species of Paraclius Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with bi-lamellate antennal stylus: new combination, new synonym, and two new species
Authors: SOARES MATHEUS M. M. , CAPELLARI RENATO S. , ALE-ROCHA ROSALY
Published: January 2023

The species of Paraclius Loew with bi-lamellate arista-like stylus are revised and P. americanus (Schiner, 1868) comb. nov. is transferred from Tachytrechus Haliday and regarded as the senior synonym of P. diplacocerus Capellari, 2013 syn. nov. In addition, two new species with similar antennal morphology are described and illustrated from Brazil: P. bilamellatus sp. nov. (States of Espírito Santo and Goiás) and P. vulcanoae sp. nov. (State of São Paulo). A distribution map and a key to the males of known species of Paraclius with bi-lamellate arista-stylus are provided.
On the Role of Sea Surface Temperature in the Clustering of Global Tropical Cyclone Formation
Authors: Kieu Chanh , Zhao Ming , Tan Zhihong , Zhang Bosong , Knutson Thomas
Published: January 2023

This study examines the potential impacts of large-scale atmospheric circulations that are forced by sea surface temperatures (SST) on global tropical cyclone (TC) formation. Using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) global atmosphere and land surface model, version 4 (AM4), under different SST distributions, it is found that the east–west clustering of global TC formation is mainly governed by large-scale circulations in response to given SSTs, instead of direct ocean surface fluxes associated with zonal SST anomalies. Our zonally homogeneous SST simulations in the presence of realistic surface coverage show that TC clusters still emerge as a result of the breakdown of zonal circulations related to land–sea distribution, which produce specific “hotspots” for global TC formation. Sensitivity experiments with different climate warming scenarios and model physics confirm the persistence of these TC clusters in the absence of all zonal SST variations. These robust results offer new insights into the effects of large-scale circulation and terrain forcing on TC clusters beyond the traditional view of direct SST impacts, which are based on the direct alignment of the warmest SST regions and TC clusters. In addition, our experiments also capture internal variability of the global TC frequency, with an average fluctuation of 6–8 TCs at several dominant frequencies of ∼3, 6, and 9 years, even in the absence of all SST interannual variability and ocean coupling. This finding reveals an intrinsic “noise” level of the global TC frequency that one has to take into account when examining the past and future trends in TC activity and their related significance or detectability.

Significance Statement

In this study, the clustering of global tropical cyclone (TC) formation is investigated, using global simulations under different idealized sea surface temperature (SST) distributions. Our results show that it is the response of the large-scale tropical circulations to SST anomalies that is mostly responsible for the clustering of global TC formation rather than surface flux differences. It is also found that the tropical atmosphere contains inherent fluctuations in the global TC frequency of 6–8 TCs every 3–9 years, even in the absence of all SST interannual and zonal variability. These results offer new insight into the role of tropical dynamics in governing TC climatology and suggest possible mechanisms underlying the clustering of global TC formation under different climate conditions.
Cueing Engagement: Applying the Trickle-Down Engagement Model to Instructors’ In-Class Behaviors
Authors: Saucier Donald A. , Jones Tucker L. , Miller Stuart S. , Schiffer Ashley A. , Mills Haley D. , Renken Noah D.
Published: January 2023

Background

The Trickle-Down Engagement Model posits that instructor engagement promotes student engagement which, in turn, has positive implications for student learning.

Objective

Our goal was to provide evidence-based practical recommendations for instructors to communicate their engagement with course material to students, activating the trickle-down process.

Method

In two experiments, we used recorded mock lectures in which we manipulated instructor movement within the classroom (Study 1) and enthusiastic statements that cued instructor engagement (Study 2). In both studies, we measured student learning and assessed perceptions of the instructor's engagement, their own engagement, and the presented material.

Results

Engaged cue statements successfully communicated instructor engagement but physical movement did not. Consistent with the Trickle-Down Engagement Model and our hypotheses, perceptions of instructors’ engagement positively related to participants’ own engagement, which was also positively related to better learning outcomes.

Conclusion

When instructors verbally communicate their engagement with course material, students are more engaged and demonstrate better learning.

Teaching Implications

Channeling explicit, positive instructor engagement has numerous benefits, including enhanced student learning and educational experiences.
Detailed Analysis of Aircraft Fuel Flow Using Data from Flight Data Recorder
Authors: Atasoy Vehbi Emrah
Published: January 2023

This paper aims to perform accurate prediction of fuel flow (FF) by employing various models: deep learning (DL), random forest (RF), generalized linear model (GLM), and the Eurocontrol Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) model, and to examine the link between FF and different aircraft performance parameters. The flight data set used in this study is obtained from real turbofan engine narrow-body aircraft performing short-distance domestic subsonic flights, containing a total of 2,674 cruise flights between 31 city pairs. Several statistical error analyses are conducted to compare the performance of the models. Root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean squared error values for DL are calculated to be 0.01, 0.008, and 0.0001, respectively. On the coefficient of determination ( [Formula: see text]) test for validation, the DL model has the highest value of 0.94. Results of the analysis in this paper show that the DL model offers the best ability to predict FF in all statistical tests, which makes it the best-suited model to estimate FF. These findings can provide the means to make more efficient trajectory planning and forecasts in air traffic management, and more accurately predict fuel consumption of aircraft, thereby decreasing emission levels of carbon gases and of various pollutants and airline operating expenses from fuel costs.
Prolonged Light Exposure Induces Circadian Impairment in Aquaporin-4-Knockout Mice
Authors: Murakami Atsumi , Tsuji Kouki , Isoda Minako , Matsuo Masahiro , Abe Yoichiro , Yasui Masato , Okamura Hitoshi , Tominaga Keiko
Published: January 2023

Astrocytes are densely present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is the master circadian oscillator in mammals, and are presumed to play a key role in circadian oscillation. However, specific astrocytic molecules that regulate the circadian clock are not yet well understood. In our study, we found that the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) was abundantly expressed in SCN astrocytes, and we further examined its circadian role using AQP4-knockout mice. There was no prominent difference in circadian behavioral rhythms between Aqp4-/- and Aqp4+/+ mice subjected to light-dark cycles and constant dark conditions. However, exposure to constant light induced a greater decrease in the Aqp4-/- mice rhythmicity. Although the damped rhythm in long-term constant light recovered after transfer to constant dark conditions in both genotypes, the period until the reappearance of original rhythmicity was severely prolonged in Aqp4-/- mice. In conclusion, AQP4 absence exacerbates the prolonged light-induced impairment of circadian oscillations and delays their recovery to normal rhythmicity.
Longitudinal Associations Between Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Intimate Partner Violence in Malawi
Authors: Kidman Rachel , Breton Etienne , Behrman Jere R. , Zulu Andrew , Kohler Hans-Peter
Published: January 2023

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)—including child maltreatment, witnessing violence, and household dysfunction—have been robustly associated with poor health in later life. There is also increasing evidence that those who experience childhood adversity are more likely subsequently to be victims or perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). Most evidence, however, is cross-sectional and concentrated in high-income settings, and cannot be generalized to more diverse contexts. In contrast, this study assessed longitudinal relations between ACEs and IPV in a low-income country. We interviewed 1,878 adolescents in rural Malawi between 2017 and 2018 (aged 10–16) and again in 2021 (aged 13–20). Adolescents completed the Adverse Childhood Experience—International Questionnaire. Past-year physical, sexual, and emotional IPV victimization and perpetration were measured using the WHO’s Violence Against Women Instrument. We estimated multivariate regression models between cumulative adversity (0–13 adversities) at baseline and IPV at follow-up among respondents who reported any romantic or sexual partnerships. The cumulative ACEs score was associated with emotional IPV victimization for boys ( OR = 1.12 per ACE) and sexual IPV victimization for girls ( OR = 1.18). The ACEs score demonstrated a significant association with perpetration for girls only ( OR = 1.33 for emotional IPV). By using longitudinal data, we more rigorously demonstrated the critical role of childhood adversity in shaping later IPV behavior. There are ongoing efforts toward primary prevention of childhood adversity. Given the burden that adolescents already carry (six ACEs on average in our sample), we also need secondary interventions that can help interrupt the pathway from adversity to IPV. This calls for increased collaboration between those working to address violence against children and violence against women.
The Nonprofit Role in Building Community Social Capital: A Moderated Mediation Model of Organizational Learning, Innovation, and Shared Mission for Social Capital Creation
Authors: Lim Sungdae , Min Byung Hee , Berlan David G.
Published: January 2023

Nonprofit activity produces social benefits, brings engaged actors in social networks, and promotes a sense of community and belonging by instilling shared values and norms, resulting in community trust and support back to the nonprofit. This reciprocal pattern of community building features the nonprofit role in building social capital. Social capital develops in interaction with the entrepreneurship context. Social entrepreneurial models of nonprofit learning and innovation demonstrate the potential of new entrepreneurial methods and market opportunities to help organizations achieve desired social impacts. This article adds a discussion on nonprofit missions as a vehicle driving nonprofit learning and innovation to be motivated to facilitate community building. By developing a moderated mediation model, we propose that value-instilled innovation from the interactive form of learning and shared mission enhances the nonprofit role in building social capital. The findings support the hypothesized relationships, producing implications for the community-building motivation of nonprofit organizations.