bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiplexed detection and isolation of viable low-frequency cytokine-secreting human B cells using cytokine secretion assay and flow cytometry (CSA-Flow)
Authors: Rezk Ayman , Li Rui , Bar-Or Amit
Published: September 2020

The ability to functionally characterize cytokine-secreting immune cells has broad implications in both health and a range of immune-mediated and auto-immune diseases. Low-frequency cytokine-defined immune-cell subsets can play key immune-regulatory roles, yet their detailed study is often hampered by limited clinical sample availability. Commonly used techniques including intracellular cytokine staining require cell fixation, precluding subsequent functional interrogation. The cytokine-secretion assay (CSA) can overcome this limitation, though has mostly been used for detection of relatively high-frequency, single-cytokine secreting cells. We examined how adaptation of the CSA in combination with multiparametric flow-cytometry (CSA-Flow) may enable simultaneous isolation of multiple, low-frequency, cytokine-secreting cells. Focusing on human B cells (traditionally recognized as harder to assay than T cells), we show that single-capture CSA-Flow allows for isolation of highly-purified populations of both low-frequency (IL-10+; GM-CSF+) and high-frequency (TNF+) cytokine-defined B cells. Simultaneous detection and isolation of up to three viable and highly-purified cytokine-secreting B-cell subpopulations is feasible, albeit with some signal loss, with fractions subsequently amenable to gene expression analysis and in vitro cell culture. This multiplexing CSA-Flow approach will be of interest in many human cellular immunology contexts aiming to functionally characterize cytokine-secreting immune cells, especially when sample volumes and cell numbers are limited.
Catalytic specificity of the Lactobacillus plantarum cystathionine γ-lyase presumed by the crystallographic analysis
Authors: Matoba Yasuyuki , Noda Masafumi , Yoshida Tomoki , Oda Kosuke , Ezumi Yuka , Yasutake Chiaki , Izuhara-Kihara Hisae , Danshiitsoodol Narandarai , Kumagai Takanori , Sugiyama Masanori
Published: September 2020

The reverse transsulfuration pathway, which is composed of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL), plays a role to synthesize l-cysteine using l-serine and the sulfur atom in l-methionine. A plant-derived lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum SN35N has been previously found to harbor the gene cluster encoding the CBS- and CGL-like enzymes. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the L. plantarum CBS can synthesize cystathionine from O-acetyl-l-serine and l-homocysteine. The aim of this study is to characterize the enzymatic functions of the L. plantarum CGL. We have found that the enzyme has the high γ-lyase activity toward cystathionine to generate l-cysteine, together with the β-lyase activity toward l-cystine to generate l-cysteine persulfide. By the crystallographic analysis of the inactive CGL K194A mutant complexed with cystathionine, we have found the residues which recognize the distal amino and carboxyl groups of cystathionine or l-cystine. The PLP-bound substrates at the active site may take either the binding pose for the γ- or β-elimination reaction, with the former being the major reaction in the case of cystathionine.
Palpitation was associated with clinical outcomes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hu Tingting , Wang Tao , Zhang Xiwen
Published: September 2020

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common genetic heart disease with diversified clinical presentation and it is important to identify new predictors of clinical outcomes and survival in HCM patients. In our study, 206 HCM patients were compared with respect to major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. By multivariable logistic analysis, we determined that palpitation, together with chronic heart failure (CHF) > 1 year, was an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE) in HCM patients (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.60–6.57, P = 0.001). Specially, palpitation was related to higher prevalence of rehospitalization (OR 3.86, 95% CI 2.08–7.08, P < 0.001), cardiac death (OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.05–8.32, P = 0.04) and heart failure exacerbation (OR 4.07, 95% CI 2.04–8.13, P < 0.001). However, patients presented with palpitation did not show a significantly different cardiac phenotype and function. Finally, palpitation predicted a poor prognosis in HCM patients without atrial fibrillation by utilizing Kaplan–Meier analysis (P = 0.041). In conclusion, palpitation could be a new predictor of clinical outcomes and overall survival in HCM patients.
A role of color vision in emmetropization in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Yang Jinglei , Yang Li , Chen Rongfang , Zhu Yun , Wang Siyao , Hou Xueqin , Wei Bei , Wang Qiongsi , Liu Yue , Qu Jia , Zhou Xiangtian
Published: September 2020

Spectral composition affects emmetropization in both humans and animal models. Because color vision interacts the effects of chromatic defocus, we developed a method to bypass the effects of longitudinal chromatic aberration by placing a spectral filter behind the optics of the eye, using genetic tools. Newborn C57BL/6J (B6) mice were reared in quasi-monochromatic red (585–660 nm) or blue (410–510 nm) light beginning before eye-opening. Refractive states and ocular dimensions were compared at 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks with mice reared in normal white light. Cre recombinase-dependent Ai9 reporter mice were crossed with Chx10-Cre to obtain Chx10-Cre;Ai9 mice, expressing red fluorescent protein in retinal Cre-positive cells. Ai9 offsprings, with and without Cre, were reared under a normal visual environment. Refraction and axial components were measured as described above. Expression levels of M and S opsin were quantified by western blotting at 10 weeks. Compared with those reared in white light, B6 mice reared in red light developed relative hyperopia, principally characterized by flattening of corneal curvature. Emmetropization was not affected by blue light, possibly because the reduction in vitreous chamber depth compensated for the increase in corneal curvature. Compared with Cre-negative littermates, the refraction and axial dimensions of Chx10-Cre;Ai9 mice were not significantly different at the follow-up timepoints. M opsin levels were higher in Chx10-Cre;Ai9 mice at 10 weeks while S opsin levels were not different. Red light induced a hyperopic shift in mouse refractive development. Emmetropization was not impacted in mice with perturbed color vision caused by intrinsic red-fluorescent protein, suggesting that color vision may not be necessary in mouse emmetropization when other mechanisms are present.
Relative blood volume changes during haemodialysis estimated from haemoconcentration markers
Authors: Pstras L. , Waniewski J. , Wojcik-Zaluska A. , Zaluska W.
Published: September 2020

Relative blood volume (RBV) monitoring is frequently used in haemodialysis patients to help guide fluid management and improve cardiovascular stability. RBV changes are typically estimated based on online measurements of certain haemoconcentration markers, such as haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (HGB) or total blood protein concentration (TBP). The beginning of a haemodialysis procedure, i.e. filling the extracorporeal circuit with the patient’s blood (with the priming saline being infused to the patient or discarded) may be associated with relatively dynamic changes in the circulation, and hence the observed RBV changes may depend on the exact moment of starting the measurements. The aim of this study was to use a mathematical model to assess this issue quantitatively. The model-based simulations indicate that when the priming saline is not discarded but infused to the patient, a few-minute difference in the moment of starting RBV tracking through measurements of HCT, HGB or TBP may substantially affect the RBV changes observed throughout the dialysis session, especially with large priming volumes. A possible overestimation of the actual RBV changes is the highest when the measurements are started within a couple of minutes after the infusion of priming saline is completed.
Personal familiarity of music and its cerebral effect on subsequent speech processing
Authors: Castro Maïté , L’héritier Fanny , Plailly Jane , Saive Anne-Lise , Corneyllie Alexandra , Tillmann Barbara , Perrin Fabien
Published: September 2020

Despite the obvious personal relevance of some musical pieces, the cerebral mechanisms associated with listening to personally familiar music and its effects on subsequent brain functioning have not been specifically evaluated yet. We measured cerebral correlates with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while composers listened to three types of musical excerpts varying in personal familiarity and self (familiar own/composition, familiar other/favorite or unfamiliar other/unknown music) followed by sequences of names of individuals also varying in personal familiarity and self (familiar own/own name, familiar other/close friend and unfamiliar other/unknown name). Listening to music with autobiographical contents (familiar own and/or other) recruited a fronto-parietal network including mainly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the supramarginal/angular gyri and the precuneus. Additionally, while listening to familiar other music (favorite) was associated with the activation of reward and emotion networks (e.g. the striatum), familiar own music (compositions) engaged brain regions underpinning self-reference (e.g. the medial prefrontal cortex) and visuo-motor imagery. The present findings further suggested that familiar music with self-related reference (compositions) leads to an enhanced activation of the autobiographical network during subsequent familiar name processing (as compared to music without self-related reference); among these structures, the precuneus seems to play a central role in personally familiar processing.
A mutation in the intron splice acceptor site of a GA3ox gene confers dwarf architecture in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)
Authors: Sun Yuyan , Zhang Huiqing , Fan Min , He Yanjun , Guo Pingan
Published: September 2020

Dwarf architecture is an important trait associated with plant yield, lodging resistance and labor cost. Here, we aimed to identify a gene causing dwarfism in watermelon. The ‘w106’ (dwarf) and ‘Charleston Gray’ (vine) were used as parents to construct F1 and F2 progeny. Dwarf architecture of ‘w106’ was mainly caused by longitudinal cell length reduction and was controlled by a single recessive gene. Whole-genome sequencing of two parents and two bulk DNAs of F2 population localized this gene to a 2.63-Mb region on chromosome 9; this was further narrowed to a 541-kb region. Within this region, Cla015407, encoding a gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase (GA3ox), was the candidate gene. Cla015407 had a SNP mutation (G → A) in the splice acceptor site of the intron, leading to altered splicing event and generating two splicing isoforms in dwarf plants. One splicing isoform retained the intron sequences, while the other had a 13-bp deletion in the second exon of GA3ox transcript, both resulting in truncated proteins and loss of the functional Fe2OG dioxygenase domain in dwarf plants. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that expression of Cla015407 and other GA biosynthetic and metabolic genes were mostly up-regulated in the shoots of dwarf plants compared with vine plants in F2 population. Measurement of endogenous GA levels indicated that bioactive GA4 was significantly decreased in the shoots of dwarf plants. Moreover, the dwarf phenotype can be rescued by exogenous applications of GA3 or GA4+7, with the latter having a more distinct effect than the former. Subcellular localization analyses of GA3ox proteins from two parents revealed their subcellular targeting in nucleus and cytosol. Here, a GA3ox gene controlling dwarf architecture was identified, and loss function of GA3ox leads to GA4 reduction and dwarfism phenotype in watermelon.
From orogeny to rifting: insights from the Norwegian ‘reactivation phase’
Authors: Peron-Pinvidic Gwenn , Osmundsen Per Terje
Published: September 2020

Based on observations from the Mid-Norwegian extensional system, we describe how, when and where the post-Caledonian continental crust evolved from a context of orogenic disintegration to one of continental rifting. We highlight the importance of a deformation stage that occurred between the collapse mode and the high-angle faulting mode often associated with early rifting of continental crust. This transitional stage, which we interpret to represent the earliest stage of rifting, includes unexpected large magnitudes of crustal thinning facilitated through the reactivation and further development of inherited collapse structures, including detachment faults, shear zones and metamorphic core complexes. The reduction of the already re-equilibrated post-orogenic crust to only ~ 50% of normal thickness over large areas, and considerably less locally, during this stage shows that the common assumption of very moderate extension in the proximal margin domain may not conform to margins that developed on collapsed orogens.
Enhancement of dielectric and electric-field-induced polarization of bismuth fluoride nanoparticles within the layered structure of carbon nitride
Authors: Ghosh Sarit K. , Perla Venkata K. , Mallick Kaushik
Published: September 2020

A single-pot, wet chemical method has been reported for the synthesis of bismuth fluoride nanoparticles (BF) and functionalized BF within the network of carbon nitride (BFCN). In BFCN, a structural transformation of BF, from cubic to pseudo-cubic (as evidenced by Rietveld refinement analysis), confirmed the contribution of carbon nitride (CN) on functionalization. The effect of functionalization of BF has been investigated through dielectric and field-induced polarization studies under different temperature and frequency conditions. Enhancement of dielectric constant values was noticed in BFCN as compared with BF system, in the order of 2.5 (30 °C) and 8.0 (100 °C) at 100 Hz. Fatigue-free maximum polarization values of 0.041 µC/cm2and 0.054 µC/cm2, under the electric field of 5 kV/mm, were achieved for BF and BFCN samples, respectively, for 5 × 103cycles.
The synthesis of two-dimensional Bi2Te3@SiO2core–shell nanosheets for fluorescence/photoacoustic/infrared (FL/PA/IR) tri-modal imaging-guided photothermal/photodynamic combination therapy
Authors: Zhou Zhihao , Zhang Wei , Zhang Lei , Cao Yang , Xu Zhigang , Kang Yuejun , Xue Peng
Published: September 2020

Surface activated Bi2Te3nanosheets (NSs) conjugated with chlorin e6 (Ce6) were developed for high-performance tumor theranostics.
Spontaneous membrane-less multi-compartmentalization via aqueous two-phase separation in complex coacervate micro-droplets
Authors: Moreau Nicolette G. , Martin Nicolas , Gobbo Pierangelo , Tang T.-Y. Dora , Mann Stephen
Published: September 2020

Multiphase coacervate droplets produced by internalised aqueous two-phase separation are used for the spatially dependent chemical transfer of sugar molecules.
A correlation–relaxation-balanced direct method at the second order perturbation theory for accurate ionization potential predictions
Authors: Gu Yonghao , Xu Xin
Published: September 2020

With almost no extra computational cost after a normal MP2 procedure, the CRB-MP2 method proposed here yields high quality valence and core IPs for a wide range of species.
Chemical bonding between thorium atoms and a carbon hexagon in carbon nanomaterials
Authors: Bibikov A. V. , Nikolaev A. V. , Tkalya E. V.
Published: September 2020

We explore the unusual nature of chemical bonding of thorium atoms with a ring of six carbon atoms (hexagon) in novel carbon materials.
Effect of mass distribution and collection angle in pulsed laser deposited films – a sampling method for chemical characterization of spent nuclear fuel
Authors: Maity U. K. , Manoravi P. , Joseph M. , Sivaraman N.
Published: September 2020

Effect of mass distribution and collection angle in PLD films from a single target having a wide mass range (24 to 238 amu).
Layered double hydroxide-oriented assembly by negatively charged graphene oxide for NO2 sensing at ppb level
Authors: Qin Yuxiang , Zhao Ruling , Bai Chenxiang
Published: September 2020

The ZnTi-LDHs/rGO composite is structured by combination with GO, to overcome the general stacking and low conductivity of pure ZnTi-LDHs.
Promoting polysulfide conversion by catalytic separator with LiNiPO4 and rGO hybrids for high performance Li–S batteries
Authors: Zuo Yinze , Zhu Yuejin , Wang Qi , Lv Kezhong , Su Weiming , Tang Yuefeng , Chen Yanfeng
Published: September 2020

A novel strategy for suppressing the “shuttle effect” of LiPSs and facilitating reaction kinetics is achieved using the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with incorporated polar LiNiPO4 (LNPO) nano-particles as functional coating layer for separator.
Interturn short‐circuit fault diagnosis in PMSM with partitioned stator windings
Authors: Armando Mazzoletti Manuel , Bossio Guillermo R. , De Angelo Cristian Hernan
Published: September 2020

A new signal‐based strategy for stator winding interturn short‐circuit fault detection and isolation in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) is proposed. The strategy is based on an analysis of the midpoint voltage of the phase windings. A PMSM model with partitioned stator windings including an interturn short‐circuit fault is presented. Unlike the motor current signature analysis methods, the midpoint voltage measurement allows detecting an incipient stator fault even under external disturbances without false alarms. For PMSM generators used in variable‐speed wind turbines, the random changes of wind produce fluctuations in the rotor speed. In this situation, conventional fault detection methods used for the steady‐state condition may produce errors in the fault diagnosis. However, the proposed strategy is capable of rejecting the effects of the non‐stationary speed conditions by resampling the voltage signals at fixed increments of the rotor angular position. Several experimental results in time and frequency‐domain are presented for different speed conditions using a PMSM with modified stator winding.
Augmented system for detecting the steady‐state voltage stability margin
Authors: Wan Kaiyao , Jiang Tong
Published: September 2020

This work provides an augmented system (AS), constructed based on a modified tangent vector Index, i.e. the full derivative of the uncontrollable parameter with respect to the voltage magnitude of critical bus of the system, to directly detect steady‐state voltage stability margin (SSVSM). The Newton iteration produced by the AS is illustrated to be able to approach the equilibrium manifold until converging to the saddle node bifurcation, given that the initial point is approaching to the corresponding branch. With the special searching direction, limit induced dynamic bifurcations or limit induced static bifurcation that appear along the equilibrium manifold are able to be located with expected precision by the proposed corrections. Several cases in a 2000‐bus synthetic grid exemplify the effectiveness and high efficiency of the algorithm, compared with standard continuation power flow and the predicter‐corrector primal dual interior point algorithm for detecting the SSVSM.
Analysis on fatigue life of overhead travelling crane girder under impact load for sustainable transport system
Authors: Yang Mingliang , Chang Zhengyan , Xu Gening , Wang Chao , Wang Peng
Published: September 2020

As the main bearing structure of the crane, the girder structure determines its service life. While the girder structure meets the strength, stiffness, and stability, its fatigue life should be paid more attention. A strong impact will be caused by the overhead travelling crane running through the uneven track joint. Based on SolidWorks and automated dynamic analysis of mechanical systems, the virtual prototype of 480 t overhead travelling crane operation is established in this study. The operation simulation of various track height differences is carried out. Compared with the theoretical calculation of GB and ISO, the virtual prototype is verified. Through the strain test and finite‐element calculation of stress of girder under the two working conditions including the main car with a load of 433 t running to the mid‐span and span end of the girder, the stress concentration in the transition rounded corner of the girder is found. On the basis of the simulation load spectrum and finite‐element static stress analysis, combined with the S–N curve of material, the fatigue damage and life prediction model of the 480 t overhead travelling crane girder is established. The minimum life of the dangerous part is obtained, providing a basis for the design and maintenance.
Probing the hidden atomic gas in Class I jets with SOFIA
Authors: Sperling T. , Eislöffel J. , Fischer C. , Nisini B. , Giannini T. , Krabbe A.
Published: September 2020

Context. We present SOFIA/FIFI-LS observations of five prototypical, low-mass Class I outflows (HH111, SVS13, HH26, HH34, HH30) in the far-infrared [O I]63μm and [O I]145μm transitions.

Aims. Spectroscopic [O I]63μm,145μm maps enable us to study the spatial extent of warm, low-excitation atomic gas within outflows driven by Class I protostars. These [O I] maps may potentially allow us to measure the mass-loss rates (Ṁjet) of this warm component of the atomic jet.

Methods. A fundamental tracer of warm (i.e. T ~ 500–1500 K), low-excitation atomic gas is the [O I]63μm emission line, which is predicted to be the main coolant of dense dissociative J-type shocks caused by decelerated wind or jet shocks associated with protostellar outflows. Under these conditions, the [O I]63μm line can be directly connected to the instantaneous mass ejection rate. Thus, by utilising spectroscopic [O I]63μm maps, we wish to determine the atomic mass flux rate Ṁjet ejected from our target outflows.

Results. Strong [O I]63μm emission is detected at the driving sources HH111IRS, HH34IRS, SVS13, as well as at the bow shock region, HH7. The detection of the [O I]63μm line at HH26A and HH8/HH10 can be attributed to jet deflection regions. The far-infrared counterpart of the optical jet is detected in [O I]63μm only for HH111, but not for HH34. We interpret the [O I]63μm emission at HH111IRS, HH34IRS, and SVS13 to be coming primarily from a decelerated wind shock, whereas multiple internal shocks within the HH111 jet may cause most of the [O I]63μm emission seen there. At HH30, no [O I]63μm,145μm was detected. The [O I]145μm line detection is at noise level almost everywhere in our obtained maps. The observed outflow rates of our Class I sample are to the order of Ṁjet ~ 10−6M⊙ yr−1, if proper shock conditions prevail. Independent calculations connecting the [O I]63μm line luminosity and observable jet parameters with the mass -loss rate are consistent with the applied shock model and lead to similar mass-loss rates. We discuss applicability and caveats of both methods.

Conclusions. High-quality spectroscopic [O I]63μm maps of protostellar outflows at the jet driving source potentially allow a clear determination of the mass ejection rate.
Planck intermediate results
Authors:   Planck Collaboration, Akrami Y. , Ashdown M. , Aumont J. , Baccigalupi C. , Ballardini M. , Banday A. J. , Barreiro R. B. , Bartolo N. , Basak S. , Benabed K. , Bernard J.-P. , Bersanelli M. , Bielewicz P. , Bond J. R. , Borrill J. , Bouchet F. R. , Burigana C. , Calabrese E. , Cardoso J.-F. , Casaponsa B. , Chiang H. C. , Combet C. , Contreras D. , Crill B. P. , Cuttaia F. , de Bernardis P. , de Rosa A. , de Zotti G. , Delabrouille J. , Di Valentino E. , Diego J. M. , Doré O. , Douspis M. , Dupac X. , Enßlin T. A. , Eriksen H. K. , Fernandez-Cobos R. , Finelli F. , Frailis M. , Franceschi E. , Frolov A. , Galeotta S. , Galli S. , Ganga K. , Génova-Santos R. T. , Gerbino M. , González-Nuevo J. , Górski K. M. , Gruppuso A. , Gudmundsson J. E. , Handley W. , Herranz D. , Hivon E. , Huang Z. , Jaffe A. H. , Jones W. C. , Keihänen E. , Keskitalo R. , Kiiveri K. , Kim J. , Kisner T. S. , Krachmalnicoff N. , Kunz M. , Kurki-Suonio H. , Lamarre J.-M. , Lattanzi M. , Lawrence C. R. , Le Jeune M. , Levrier F. , Liguori M. , Lilje P. B. , Lindholm V. , López-Caniego M. , Macías-Pérez J. F. , Maino D. , Mandolesi N. , Marcos-Caballero A. , Maris M. , Martin P. G. , Martínez-González E. , Matarrese S. , Mauri N. , McEwen J. D. , Mennella A. , Migliaccio M. , Molinari D. , Moneti A. , Montier L. , Morgante G. , Moss A. , Natoli P. , Pagano L. , Paoletti D. , Perrotta F. , Pettorino V. , Piacentini F. , Polenta G. , Rachen J. P. , Reinecke M. , Remazeilles M. , Renzi A. , Roha G. , Roset C. , Rubiño-Martín J. A. , Ruiz-Granados B. , Salvati L. , Savelainen M. , Scott D. , Sirignano C. , Sirri G. , Spencer L. D. , Sullivan R. M. , Sunyaev R. , Suur-Uski A.-S. , Tauber J. A. , Tavagnacco D. , Tenti M. , Toffolatti L. , Tomasi M. , Trombetti T. , Valiviita J. , Van Tent B. , Vielva P. , Villa F. , Vittorio N. , Wehus I. K. , Zacchei A. , Zonca A.
Published: September 2020

The largest temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the dipole, which has been measured with increasing accuracy for more than three decades, particularly with the Planck satellite. The simplest interpretation of the dipole is that it is due to our motion with respect to the rest frame of the CMB. Since current CMB experiments infer temperature anisotropies from angular intensity variations, the dipole modulates the temperature anisotropies with the same frequency dependence as the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect. We present the first, and significant, detection of this signal in the tSZ maps and find that it is consistent with direct measurements of the CMB dipole, as expected. The signal contributes power in the tSZ maps, which is modulated in a quadrupolar pattern, and we estimate its contribution to the tSZ bispectrum, noting that it contributes negligible noise to the bispectrum at relevant scales.
Image-quality assessment for full-disk solar observations with generative adversarial networks
Authors: Jarolim R. , Veronig A. M. , Pötzi W. , Podladchikova T.
Published: September 2020

Context. In recent decades, solar physics has entered the era of big data and the amount of data being constantly produced from ground- and space-based observatories can no longer be purely analyzed by human observers.

Aims. In order to assure a stable series of recorded images of sufficient quality for further scientific analysis, an objective image-quality measure is required. Especially when dealing with ground-based observations, which are subject to varying seeing conditions and clouds, the quality assessment has to take multiple effects into account and provide information about the affected regions. The automatic and robust identification of quality-degrading effects is critical for maximizing the scientific return from the observations and to allow for event detections in real time. In this study, we develop a deep-learning method that is suited to identify anomalies and provide an image-quality assessment of solar full-disk Hα filtergrams. The approach is based on the structural appearance and the true image distribution of high-quality observations.

Methods. We employ a neural network with an encoder–decoder architecture to perform an identity transformation of selected high-quality observations. The encoder network is used to achieve a compressed representation of the input data, which is reconstructed to the original by the decoder. We use adversarial training to recover truncated information based on the high-quality image distribution. When images of reduced quality are transformed, the reconstruction of unknown features (e.g., clouds, contrails, partial occultation) shows deviations from the original. This difference is used to quantify the quality of the observations and to identify the affected regions. In addition, we present an extension of this architecture that also uses low-quality samples in the training step. This approach takes characteristics of both quality domains into account, and improves the sensitivity for minor image-quality degradation.

Results. We apply our method to full-disk Hα filtergrams from the Kanzelhöhe Observatory recorded during 2012−2019 and demonstrate its capability to perform a reliable image-quality assessment for various atmospheric conditions and instrumental effects. Our quality metric achieves an accuracy of 98.5% in distinguishing observations with quality-degrading effects from clear observations and provides a continuous quality measure which is in good agreement with the human perception.

Conclusions. The developed method is capable of providing a reliable image-quality assessment in real time, without the requirement of reference observations. Our approach has the potential for further application to similar astrophysical observations and requires only coarse manual labeling of a small data set.
Design of Compound Machine Tool for Ultra-Precision Shaft Parts
Authors: Sun Zizhou , Dai Yifan , Hu Hao , Guan Chaoliang , Tie Guipeng , Chen Xuelei
Published: September 2020

Ultra-precision shaft components are widely used, such as the shaft core of air-floating spindle, etc. At present, the final precision of such workpieces are difficult to reach through CNC machining tools, but often with the help of manual grinding, of which the machining precision and efficiency are greatly limited. Based on the deterministic figuring method, this paper uses an abrasive belt polishing machine to carry out ultra-precision figuring experiments on shaft parts. On this basis, an ultra-precision composite machine tool for shaft parts is designed with the functions of turning, grinding and abrasive belt polishing. The dynamic performance requirements of the machine tool are put forward by analyzing the precision index of the workpiece and the error control principle of deterministic figuring, and the structure of machine tool is designed and the performance parameters of each part are selected. combined with the finite element analysis, the key components are optimized to meet the machining requirements of 0.1μm roundness and 1μm cylindricity on the steel shaft.
Model tests on pervious concrete pile and impervious concrete pile composite foundation
Authors: Cai Jun , Du Guangyin , Xia Han , Sun Changshen
Published: September 2020

Taking the advantages of high permeability and high strength, pervious concrete piles is suitable for improving ground bearing capacity and reduce the post-construction settlement, so pervious concrete pile composite foundation is a new foundation treatment. As pervious concrete piles were designed to accelerate soil consolidation and improve the ground bearing capacity, so model test of pervious concrete piles were conducted to evaluate the consolidation effect. Pervious concrete with porosity 20%, 25%, 30% and 35% was designed to compare the strength and permeability, and the porosity of 30% was selected, so the pile was made for the model test. Compared with impervious concrete pile composite foundation, as the pervious pile shortens the drainage path, pervious concrete pile composite foundation can shorten the consolidation time by about 30.3% and significantly reduce the peak value of excess pore pressure. With the increase of load and consolidation rate of soil around the pile, the stress ratio of pervious concrete pile increase first, then decrease and tend to be flat.
Large Deformation Numerical Simulation of the Set up Effect Induced by Sand Compaction Pile Group Installation
Authors: Kang Chenyu , Yi Jiangtao
Published: September 2020

The improvement of soil undrained shear strength induced by installation of sand compaction pile (SCP), called set up effect, has observed in a number of field tests, but not been considered by the design code. Due to the lack of effective technical means, the numerical simulation of this problem mainly focused on single pile in the past studies. In this paper, a multi-stage Eulerian-Lagrangian (MSEL) technique is used to simulate the installation and consolidation process of double piles. Firstly, a centrifuge model test is used to benchmark this technique and reached a good agreement. Through the analysis of a single pile results, the strength growth curve conforming to the growth law is fitted. Finally, based on the results of single and double piles and considering the sheltering and accumulating effect, a method to predict the soil strength change after SCP group installation is proposed.
Programming for solving plane rigid frame based on MATLAB
Authors: Chen Xiaokun
Published: September 2020

Based on the idea of the matrix displacement method, this paper designs a program which can be used to solve the internal force of the continuous beam and rigid frame with MATLAB. It mainly demonstrates how to design a program to realize the matrix displacement method with MATLAB. In addition, some techniques are included in order to realize the correspondence between the manual calculation and the computer calculation, such as “Using lambda to locate”, “Crossing out rows and columns” and visual design. Therefore, based on the structural mechanics, combined with the principle of matrix displacement method, this paper shows the whole process from inputting the information of the rigid frame to solving the internal force of the rigid frame to outputting the bending moment diagram using MATLAB as the programming tool.
Current Research and Future Perspectives on Graphene Synthesis
Authors: Ortega-Jimenez Cesar H. , Flores Urbina Rony Omar , Leiva Castro Roberto Arturo , Matamoros Chavarría Víctor Moises , Oyuela López Tony Rodolfo , Maldonado Cerrato Edwin Isaid , Bonilla Maldonado Carmen Gabriela , García Mendoza Mario Roberto , Rivas Pérez Denovan Alexander
Published: September 2020

Although graphitic materials are considered indispensable across many industries, practitioners and researchers have shown that graphene is still in development and its industrial implementation in mass production may save many organizations millions of dollars a year. This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic literature review of graphene synthesis methods. In our research, we noticed an increasing trend in publications for research under diverse scenarios (e.g., engineering, entrepreneurship, academy, etc.), which limits the generalizing of the findings due to the nature of graphene’s synthesis. Most of these studies were conducted about electrical and mechanical properties for possible sector applications due to its structure. We found that less effort has been made to analyse the development and synthesis of methods that allow graphene manufacturing in industrial quantities. We classified the five most important synthesis methods of graphene, categorizing chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and adhesive tape exfoliation as the most implemented methods, with the latter getting better quality and greater quantity of graphene. We also identified needs for research on graphene that goes beyond its known properties, by focusing on models that encompass the innovation needed for manufacturers of materials in areas, such as electronics and energy.
Optimal control techniques based on infection age for the study of the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Bonnans J. Frédéric , Gianatti Justina
Published: September 2020

We propose a model for the COVID-19 epidemic where the population is partitioned into classes corresponding to ages (that remain constant during the epidemic). The main feature is to take into account the infection age of the infected population. This allows to better simulate the infection propagation that crucially depend on the infection age. We discuss how to estimate the coefficients from data available in the future, and introduce a confinement variable as control. The cost function is a compromise between a confinement term, the hospitalization peak and the death toll. Our numerical experiments allow to evaluate the interest of confinement varying with age classes.
Diabetes Typ 3c (pankreopriver Diabetes)
Authors: Fischer Harald , Overbeck Marita
Published: September 2020

Etwa 40 % aller chronisch Bauchspeicheldrüsenerkrankten entwickeln einen pankreopriven Diabetes mellitus. Die Behandlung erfolgt fast ausschließlich in Form einer Insulintherapie. Die optimale Behandlung bei pankreoprivem Diabetes besteht aus dem interdisziplinären Zusammenwirken von Diabetologen, Ernährungsberatung und Diabetesberatung. Zusätzlich ist die Unterstützung von Physiotherapie, Psychologie und Sozialarbeitern oft sinnvoll.
COVID-19 and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: No Fear to
Attempt?
Authors: Papachristou Stella , Penlioglou Theano , Stoian Anca Pantea , Papanas Nikolaos
Published: September 2020

Novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) has been recognised as a pandemic by
the World Health Organization (WHO) 1.
Mortality and morbidity are higher in elderly individuals and those with
comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, hypertension, respiratory
tract diseases, coronary heart disease or cancer 1. Indeed, two thirds of individuals who
died from COVID-19 had DM in Italy 2.
Beyond the First Wave: Consequences of COVID-19 on High-Risk Infants and Families
Authors: Lemmon Monica E. , Chapman Ira , Malcolm William , Kelley Kelli , Shaw Richard J. , Milazzo Angelo , Cotten C. Michael , Hintz Susan R.
Published: September 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting care for high-risk newborns in ways that will likely be sustained beyond the initial pandemic response. These novel challenges present an urgent imperative to understand how COVID-19 impacts parent, family, and infant outcomes. We highlight three areas that warrant targeted attention: (1) inpatient care: visitation policies, developmental care, and communication practices; (2) outpatient care: high-risk infant follow-up and early intervention programs; and (3) parent psychosocial distress: mental health, social support, and financial toxicity. Changes to care delivery in these areas provide an opportunity to identify and implement novel strategies to provide family-centered care during COVID-19 and beyond.

Key Points
Threefold translation of the body of Christ: concepts of the Eucharist and the body translated in the early modern missionary context
Authors: Flüchter Antje , Nardini Giulia
Published: September 2020

This article tests the usefulness of concepts from translation studies to understand the dynamics and mechanisms of cultural translation. It asks what is happening when people translate. What do they do when they translate? From a historical perspective, we apply translation theories as analytical kit on the cultural translation process created by the Jesuit missionaries teaching the Eucharist in contact zones during early modern times. In a first part, we present the conceptual tool box borrowed from translation studies (Lefevere, Venuti, Nida). In the analytical part, we apply this instrument to Jesuit translation: How did the Jesuits translate the concept of body in the sacrament of Eucharist for a general audience in the multilingual and transcultural missionary contexts? It is generally difficult to transfer knowledge by translation. The translation of the Eucharist is not only difficult regarding the aim of a true translation, its fidelity to the source, but it can become a question of orthodoxy or heresy. The translation of Eucharist concerns the theology of transubstantiation, real presence or a symbolic understanding of the body; a crucial topic in the early modern European context. The semantics of the body are closely related to this theological issue as are the different cultural practices and understanding of them, particularly in non-European cultural settings. In this Jesuit case study, the dynamics of the cultural translation process are unearthed: Which methods and technics did missionaries apply to translate theological concepts? How did they accommodate and negotiate the knowledge transfer with the local cultural grids? How did they create dynamic equivalence in order to be understood? To what degree was the translation adopted by the intended audience? With the developed tool kit we unravel a complex, multi-layered translating process that was influenced by the translator, the audience, the cultural and linguistic context as well as the power asymmetries inherent to the process.
Results on equality of masses for choreographic solutions of n-body problems
Authors: Tibboel Pieter
Published: September 2020

We prove that equally spaced choreographic solutions of a large class of n-body problems, including the classical n-body problem and a subset of quasi-homogeneous n-body problems, have equal masses if the dimension of the space spanned by the point masses is n − 1, n − 2, or, if n is odd, if the dimension is n − 3. If n is even and the dimension is n − 3, then all masses with an odd label are equal and all masses with an even label are equal. Additionally, we prove that the same results hold true for any solution of an n + 1-body problem for which n of the point masses behave like an equally spaced choreography and the n + 1th point mass is fixed at the origin. Furthermore, we deduce that if the curve along which the point masses of a choreography move has an axis of symmetry, the masses have to be equal if n = 3 and that if n = 4, if three of the point masses behave as stated and the fourth mass is fixed at a point, the masses of the first three point masses are all equal. Finally, we prove for the n-body problem in spaces of negative constant Gaussian curvature that if n < 6, n ≠ 4, equally spaced choreographic solutions should have equal masses, and for n = 4, the even labeled masses are equal and the odd labeled masses are equal and that the same holds true for the n-body problem in spaces of positive constant Gaussian curvature, as long as the point masses do not move along a great circle. Additionally, we show that these last two results are also true for any solution to the n + 1-body problem in spaces of negative constant Gaussian curvature and the n + 1-body problem in spaces of positive constant Gaussian curvature, respectively, for the case that n of the point masses behave like an equally spaced choreography and the n + 1 is fixed at a point.
Effects of annealing on the interfacial properties and energy-band alignment of AlN dielectric on 4H–SiC
Authors: Shen Zhanwei , Zhang Feng , Chen Jun , Fu Zhao , Liu Xingfang , Yan Guoguo , Lv Bowen , Wang Yinshu , Wang Lei , Zhao Wanshun , Sun Guosheng , Zeng Yiping
Published: September 2020

Interfacial properties and energy-band alignment of annealed AlN dielectric films on Si-face 4° off-axis 4H–SiC substrates were characterized and demonstrated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and current-electric field (I–E) measurements. The XPS results reveal that the Al–O bonds and the silicon suboxides can convert into more stable Al–N bonds and Al–O–Si bonds at the AlN/4H–SiC interface under 1000 °C annealing. The variations in both oxygen-rich composition and the crystallinity in AlN make annealing-dependent conduction band offsets of as-deposited and annealed AlN/4H–SiC to be 1.36 eV and 1.20 eV, respectively. Meanwhile, I–E measurements separately yield the occurrence of the Fowler–Nordheim (FN) tunneling and space-charge-limited conduction in as-deposited and annealed metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors, corresponding to lower barrier heights of 0.92 eV and 0.54 eV, respectively. The reason for the energy-band shift between I–E derivations and the XPS results was analyzed and demonstrated together. These results can provide considerable insight into the energy-band alignment of AlN as gate dielectric or passivation layers on 4H–SiC based devices.
Rayleigh–Taylor instability at spherical interfaces between viscous fluids: The fluid/fluid interface
Authors: Terrones Guillermo , Heberling Tamra
Published: September 2020

Through the computation of the most-unstable modes, we perform a systematic analysis of the linear Rayleigh–Taylor instability at a spherical interface separating two different homogeneous regions of incompressible viscous fluids under the action of a radially directed acceleration over the entire parameter space. Using the growth rate as the dependent variable, the parameter space is spanned by the spherical harmonic degree n and three dimensionless variables: the Atwood number A, the viscosity ratio s, and the dimensionless variable B=(aRρ22/μ22)1/3R, where aR, ρ2, and μ2 are the local radial acceleration at the interface and the density and viscosity of the denser overlying fluid, respectively. To understand the effect of the various parameters on the instability behavior and to identify similarities and differences between the planar and spherical configurations, we compare the most-unstable growth rates αP* (planar) and αS* (spherical) under homologous driving conditions. For all A, when s ≪ 1, the planar configuration is more unstable than the spherical (αP*>αS*) within the interval 0 < B < ∞. However, as s increases to O(1), there is a region for small values of B where αS*>αP*, whereas for larger values of B, αP*>αS* once again. When s ∼ 2, the maximum of αS* for the n = 1 mode is greater than αS* for any other mode (n ≥ 2). For s∼O(10), αS*>αP* for all A within 0 < B < ∞. We find that the instability behavior between the planar and spherical systems departs from each other for s ≳ 2 and diverges considerably for s ≫ 1. In the limit when s → ∞, the planar configuration reduces to the trivial solution αP*≡0 for all B and A, whereas αS* has a non-zero limiting value for the n = 1 mode but vanishes for all the other modes (n ≥ 2). We derive an equation for αS* in this limit and obtain closed form solutions for the maximum of αS* and the value of B at which this occurs. Finally, we compare the most-unstable growth rates between the exact dispersion relation and three different approximations to highlight their strengths and weaknesses.
Incidence of sarcoptic mange in bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus)
Authors: Stannard Hayley J. , Wolfenden Jack , Hermsen Eden M. , Vallin Blaire T. , Hunter Nicole E. , Old Julie M.
Published: September 2020

Sarcoptic mange is a threat to bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) in Australia and a major factor contributing to the decline in populations of this species. It is caused by a mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, and if untreated can lead to severe irritation, blindness, starvation and eventual death. Modes of transmission likely occur through direct contact between wombats and indirectly from wombat burrows. Our study aimed to estimate and compare the numbers of bare-nosed wombats at three study sites, and to determine how rainfall, temperature and humidity influenced the incidence of sarcoptic mange in the populations. The abundances of macropods and rabbits were also compared with wombat abundance and sarcoptic mange prevalence at the three study sites. Across the study sites, 1655 bare-nosed wombats were observed. Sarcoptic mange prevalence was between 7.0% and 40.7%, depending on site, season and year. Sarcoptic mange prevalence correlated with yearly rainfall, with a higher incidence of sarcoptic mange occurring in higher-rainfall years. Higher numbers of macropods in the study areas also correlated with higher incidences of sarcoptic mange in the wombat populations.