bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The first genetic characterization of Setaria marshalli (Nematoda, Spirurida) with reliable DNA barcoding based on a mitochondrial genetic marker
Authors: Kitajima Chihiro , Ichijo Toshihiro , Ichikawa-Seki Madoka
Published: November 2022

Setaria marshalli is a mosquito-borne filarial nematode that causes infection in calves younger than two years old. In the present study, nematodes were obtained from a calf in Japan and morphologically identified as S. marshalli. Additionally, the partial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) region (596 bp) was analyzed for the first time to establish a reliable DNA barcode. Nucleotide sequences of COI were identical among the seven worms obtained. The COI region can be a useful marker for species discrimination in the case of S. marshalli since nucleotide variations observed between the closest congener, Setaria cervi (51/596 bp), were sufficient to allow species discrimination. However, the phylogenetic relationship of S. marshalli with its congeners was unclear in a maximum likelihood tree. We found that the partial COI sequence of S. marshalli analyzed in the present study matched a relevant section of the complete mitochondrial genome of S. labiatopapillosa that was deposited in the International Nucleotide Sequence Database. This finding suggests that S. marshalli was misdiagnosed as S. labiatopapillosa in a previous study. It is crucial to conduct accurate morphological analyses to obtain reliable molecular information regarding Setaria nematodes.
Die Tuberculum majus Fraktur – eine Problemfraktur?
Authors: Koenemann Nora A. , Mayr Edgar , Nuber Stefan , Plath Johannes
Published: November 2022

Die isolierte Fraktur des Tuberculum majus ist eine häufige Fraktur des proximalen Humerus. In der Literatur herrscht Uneinigkeit bez. der korrekten therapeutischen Herangehensweise, sodass
diese Fraktur häufig als Problemfraktur gewertet wird. Um einen praktikablen Ansatz für die Therapieentscheidung zu erstellen, wurden anhand einer Literaturrecherche sowie der Erfahrungen
der Autoren aus dem klinischen Alltag 4 Aspekte dieser Frakturversorgung untersucht: die richtige Diagnostik, Kriterien zur Indikationsstellung einer operativen oder konservativen Therapie,
Aspekte der richtigen konservativen Therapie sowie Aspekte der richtigen operativen Therapie. Bei einem standardisierten Behandlungsschema und Achtsamkeit auf mögliche Fallstricke sollte die
isolierte Fraktur des Tuberculum majus i. d. R. keine Problemfraktur darstellen. Dabei sind Frakturmorphologie und funktioneller Anspruch des Patienten die entscheidenden Kriterien für ein
operatives oder konservatives Prozedere. Komplikationen konservativ geführter Frakturen, wie die sekundäre Dislokation, werden nur selten beobachtet. Bei einer operativen Versorgung ist die
Erfahrung des Operateurs entscheidend und führt in der Mehrzahl der Fälle zu funktionell guten postoperativen Ergebnissen. Aufgrund der Möglichkeit für eine begleitende Verletzung der
Rotatorenmanschette sollte nach Luxationsmechanismus, nach Einleitung der entsprechenden Diagnostik, eine Operationsindikation großzügig gestellt werden.
Skapulafrakturen
Authors: Crepaz-Eger Ulrich , Hengg Clemens
Published: November 2022

Skapulafrakturen sind seltene Verletzungen. Sie werden meist konservativ behandelt. Es gilt jene Frakturen zu erkennen, die durch eine Operation ein besseres Outcome erlangen. Dislozierte
Skapulablattfrakturen werden vermutlich aufgrund mangelnder chirurgischer Erfahrung und mangelnder Kenntnis der Indikationskriterien häufig konservativ behandelt. Es sollen hier jene
Kriterien vorgestellt werden, anhand derer die Indikation zur operativen Stabilisierung gestellt wird.
Weiterbehandlung von jungen Erwachsenen mit Epilepsie
Authors: von Podewils Felix
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund Der Übergang zum Erwachsenenalter stellt eine besonders vulnerable Episode in der individuellen Entwicklung des Menschen dar. Bei Menschen mit Epilepsie können krankheitsassoziierte Faktoren die Entwicklungschancen maßgeblich stören, weshalb bei der Weiterbehandlung junger Erwachsener mit Epilepsie nicht nur medizinische Aspekte berücksichtigt werden dürfen.

Fragestellung Systematische Darstellung relevanter Aspekte in Transition und Transfer bei Epilepsien sowie gezielte Beleuchtung von Faktoren, die in der Weiterbehandlung von jungen Erwachsenen mit Epilepsie relevant sind.

Material und Methoden Zusammenfassung und Diskussion von Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten sowie von Expertenempfehlungen.

Ergebnisse Aufgrund der hohen Inzidenz von Epilepsien in den ersten beiden Lebensjahrzehnten, kommt dem strukturierten Übergang in der klinischen Praxis eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Krankheitsassoziierte Faktoren führen bei dieser Patientengruppe zu Besonderheiten, die langfristige Auswirkungen auf die individuelle Entwicklung haben und in therapeutische Konzepte einbezogen werden sollten. Ein strukturierter Übergang in die Erwachsenenmedizin sowie die Berücksichtigung verschiedener Schlüsselfaktoren, wie z. B. der Verlauf spezifischer Epilepsiesyndrome, die Wirkung von Antiepileptika sowie soziale Aspekte und individuelle Lebenskonzepte, sind wichtige Aspekte in der Behandlung junger Erwachsener mit Epilepsie.

Diskussion Bei jungen Erwachsenen mit Epilepsie sollten verschiedene Aspekte, die über die medizinische Behandlung hinausgehen, berücksichtigt und in die individuelle Behandlungsstrategie einbezogen werden.
Antikonvulsiva
Authors: Neininger Martina P. , Jeschke Sarah , Bertsche Thilo , Bertsche Astrid
Published: November 2022

Antikonvulsiva haben ein großes Risikopotenzial für unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW). Im ersten Abschnitt des Artikels werden die UAW-Profile in der Pädiatrie wichtiger Antikonvulsiva vorgestellt. Beispielsweise können unter Valproattherapie zwar seltene, aber potenziell lebensbedrohliche Organopathien auftreten. Bei anderen Antikonvulsiva stehen UAW im Vordergrund, die den Alltag beeinflussen können, wie etwa aggressives Verhalten bei Levetiracetam. Diese können die Lebensqualität und den Alltag pädiatrischer Patienten und deren Familien beeinträchtigen. Daher wird im zweiten Teil des Artikels auf die Wahrnehmung der Betroffenen eingegangen. Eltern befürchten eher schwerwiegende UAW wie Organversagen, pädiatrische Patienten eher neurologische und psychiatrische Symptome. Diese Symptome werden auch am häufigsten von pädiatrischen Patienten erlebt. Als besonders negativ werden die emotionale Belastung sowie erlebte Einschränkungen bei Aktivitäten in Schule und Freizeit beschrieben. Daher sollten neben der Effektivität des Arzneistoffs bei der jeweiligen Epilepsieform auch die Wünsche der pädiatrischen Patienten und deren Eltern bei der Therapieauswahl berücksichtigt werden.
Berentung wegen voller Erwerbsminderung: Erfüllen
psychiatrische Gutachten die Qualitätskriterien für die
sozialmedizinische Begutachtung?
Authors: Schöwe Lisa , Kröger Christoph , Kobelt-Poenicke Axel
Published: November 2022

Ziel Die Qualität von sozialmedizinischen Gutachten, die im Rahmen
von Anträgen auf Erwerbsminderungsrente wegen psychischer
Störung für die Deutsche Rentenversicherung (DRV) angefertigt
werden, ist bislang kaum untersucht worden. In der vorliegenden Studie sollte
untersucht werden, inwieweit fachärztliche Gutachten zur
Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) der Leitlinie der DRV zu
sozialmedizinischen Gutachten bei psychischen und Verhaltensstörungen
entsprechen.

Methodik Zur Überprüfung der Gutachtenqualität
wurden 52 sozialmedizinische Gutachten, in denen die Diagnose einer
Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) vergeben und ein
Leistungsvermögen von unter drei Stunden festgestellt wurde, analysiert.
Die Gutachtenqualität wurde sowohl quantitativ mit der Berechnung von
Qualitätspunkten, als auch qualitativ durch inhaltliche Analysen
erfasst. Zur Überprüfung der
Beurteiler_innenübereinstimmung wurde die prozentuale
Übereinstimmung und Cohens Kappa für zwei Rater_innen anhand
einer Teilstichprobe (n=11) berechnet.

Ergebnisse Die analysierten Gutachten erreichten durchschnittlich 36,1
(SD=7,4) von 92 möglichen Qualitätspunkten (Range
22/56). In den meisten Gutachten waren die Beschreibungen der
Teilhabeeinschränkungen, der Epikrise und der sozialmedizinischen
Schlussbildung unbefriedigend.

Schlussfolgerung  Die
unzureichende Darstellung der Funktions- und Teilhabeeinschränkungen in
den Gutachten wird möglicherweise dem tatsächlichen Sachverhalt
nicht gerecht, so dass der Beweis einer Gesundheitsstörung mit den
entsprechenden Leistungseinschränkungen nicht zweifelsfrei erbracht
werden kann. Dementsprechend sind Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der
Gutachtenqualität wie Schulungen und regelmäßige
Qualitätsüberprüfungen notwendig.
Der gut informierte Patient: Wie stationär behandelte
psychiatrische Patienten die Suche nach Informationen über ihre
Erkrankung erleben
Authors: Telger Anna , Lencer Rebekka , Arolt Volker , Notzon Swantje
Published: November 2022

Internet- und Printmedien werden häufig von Laien genutzt, um sich
über Gesundheitsthemen zu informieren. Ziel dieser Studie war es
herauszufinden, ob Menschen mit psychischen Störungen ein besonderes
Rechercheverhalten aufweisen. Wo und warum suchen sie nach Informationen
über ihre Erkrankung? Wie erleben sie ihre Suche und die
Auseinandersetzung mit den Informationen? In halbstandardisierten Interviews
haben wir 200 stationäre psychiatrische Patienten befragt. Es wurden nur
Patienten der folgenden Diagnosegruppen eingeschlossen: 1. Schizophrenie,
schizotypische und wahnhafte Störungen (F20-F29), 2. Affektive
Störungen (F30-F39) und 3. Persönlichkeits- und
Verhaltensstörungen (F60-F69). Der von uns selbst entwickelte Fragebogen
enthielt Fragen über die von den Patienten genutzten Quellen und die
gemachten Erfahrungen. Die allermeisten Patienten haben bereits im Internet oder
in Printmedien nach Informationen über Psychiatrie, Psychologie oder
Medikamente gesucht. Die meisten Teilnehmer beschrieben positive Emotionen beim
Lesen dieser Informationen. Mehr als zwei Drittel bewerteten die Informationen
als nützlich. Nur 10 Teilnehmer brachen therapeutische Maßnahmen
aufgrund der gewonnenen Informationen ab oder begannen sie gar nicht erst.
Patienten mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen vermuteten allerdings
signifikant häufiger als andere Patienten wegen der Lektüre bei
sich eine falsche Diagnose. Insgesamt erleben psychiatrische Patienten das Lesen
medizinischer Informationen meist als hilfreich. In seltenen Fällen
kommt es zu negativen Auswirkungen, z. B. negativen Emotionen,
Therapieabbrüchen oder einer fehlerhaften Einschätzung der
eigenen Erkrankung. Weitere Untersuchungen sind erforderlich, um zu erforschen,
wie die bereits in vielen Fällen gelingende Internetnutzung von Menschen
mit psychischen Erkrankungen noch stärker unterstützt werden
kann.
Molekulare Therapien erblicher Myopathien im Erwachsenenalter
– eine kursive Rundschau
Authors: Schoser Benedikt
Published: November 2022

Unterschiedliche Formen der molekularen Therapie sind zu einer neuen
Möglichkeit in der Präzisionsbehandlung erblicher
neuromuskulärer Erkrankungen geworden. Dieser kursive Überblick
über die molekularen Therapien bei hereditären Myopathien wird
sich auf ausgewählte aktuelle Phase 1 bis 3 Studien zu häufigen
hereditären Myopathien im Erwachsenenalter wie die Dystrophinopathie
Becker-Kiener, die Fazioskapulohumerale Muskeldystrophie, Calpainopathie, und
die Dysferlinopathie fokussieren. Die Therapieoptionen zum Morbus Pompe dienen
als Beispiel für die hereditären metabolischen Myopathien.
The Impact of TeamSTEPPS Training on Obstetric Team Attitudes and Outcomes on the Labor and Delivery Unit of a Regional Perinatal Center
Authors: Kwon Caroline S. , Duzyj Christina
Published: November 2022

Objective We investigated the effect of TeamSTEPPS (Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety) training on teamwork perceptions and patient safety outcomes in an inpatient obstetrics setting.

Study Design Physicians and nurses from the regional perinatal center were offered TeamSTEPPS instruction and administered a voluntary survey to assess subjective perceptions of team dynamics and patient safety prior to and 6 months following TeamSTEPPS training. Responses were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square test. Objective measures of patient safety outcomes were the incidence and blood loss of postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery (PPH-VD) or cesarean section (PPH-CS) and incidence of shoulder dystocia (SD). Outcomes were analyzed using Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results Surveys were collected from 20 physicians and 15 nurses prior to training and from 9 physicians and 20 nurses 6 months following training. Survey data showed an overall positive perception of teamwork and patient safety behaviors across all respondents. However, we found no significant changes in perception of team dynamics or behaviors to promote patient safety between pre- and posttraining time points. Physicians and nurses differed in perception of team dynamics (p = 0.001) and patient safety behaviors (p < 0.001), with nurses reporting more negative perception of safety behaviors posttraining. Physician attendees experienced a nonsignificant lower rate of PPH-VD and PPH-CS with unchanged blood loss, and an increased rate of SD compared with nonattendees in the 6 months following TeamSTEPPS training (p = 0.058, 0.20, and 0.21, respectively).

Conclusion Our experience with perinatal TeamSTEPPS training as a singular intervention was not demonstrative of improvement in teamwork and patient safety perceptions or incidences of obstetric emergencies suggesting that integration into a more comprehensive patient safety program and ongoing training of a larger proportion of providers per department may be necessary to realize tangible benefits of TeamSTEPPS. Our survey results also highlight important differences between physician and nursing staff perceptions.

Key Points
The Role of the Electrocardiogram in Pregnant Individuals with Chronic Hypertension
Authors: Kawakita Tetsuya , Seagraves Elizabeth , Baraki Dana , Donaldson Thomas , Barake Carole , Brush John , Abuhamad Alfred
Published: November 2022

Objective The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists suggests that an electrocardiogram is an acceptable first-line test. We sought to examine whether an electrocardiogram is a sufficient screening tool to identify echocardiogram-diagnosed left ventricular hypertrophy. We also sought to determine risk factors associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant individuals with chronic hypertension who delivered at 20 weeks' gestation or greater at a tertiary care center. Analyses were limited to individuals who had both electrocardiogram and echocardiogram during pregnancy. Left ventricular hypertrophy was diagnosed using the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. Maternal demographics and electrocardiogram results were compared between individuals with left ventricular hypertrophy and those without left ventricular hypertrophy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of the electrocardiogram to identify left ventricular hypertrophy were also calculated. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated, controlling for covariates.

Results Of 172 individuals, 60 (34.9%) had left ventricular hypertrophy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of the electrocardiogram to identify echocardiogram-diagnosed left ventricular hypertrophy was 18.3% (95% CI: 9.5–30.4), 91.1% (95% CI: 84.2–95.6), 2.05 (95% CI: 0.93–4.56), and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.78–1.02), respectively. Compared with individuals without left ventricular hypertrophy, those with left ventricular hypertrophy were more likely to have hypertension of 4 years' duration or longer (aOR = 4.01; 95% CI: 1.71–9.42), unknown duration of hypertension (aOR = 4.66; 95% CI: 1.28–17.04), and higher body mass index (aOR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01–1.07). After adjusting for covariates, left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram was not associated with actual left ventricular hypertrophy (aOR = 2.59; 95% CI: 0.94–7.10).

Conclusion Electrocardiogram was not a sufficient test for identifying left ventricular hypertrophy in pregnant individuals with chronic hypertension. We suggest an echocardiogram evaluation for all individuals with chronic hypertension.

Key Points
Day Type and Start Time May Influence Sleep in Adolescent
Professional Football Players
Authors: Edinborough Luke , Bruce-low Stewart , Hill Jessica , Woodhouse Jonny , Jarvis Mark , Pedlar Charles
Published: November 2022

This study assessed whether scheduling (start time and day type) and workload
variables influenced sleep markers (activity monitor) in professional academy
footballers (n=11; 17.3±0.7 yrs) over a 10-week
in-season period. Separate linear mixed regressions were used to describe the
effect of start time on the previous nights sleep, and the effect of day type
(match day, match day+1) and workload on subsequent sleep. Workload
variables were modelled by day (day), 7-day (acute), and 28-day (chronic)
periods. Sleep duration following match day+1 (400 mins;
95%CI:368–432) was significantly reduced compared to all other
day types (p<0.001). Sleep onset time following match day (00:35;
CI:00:04–01:12) and wake time on match day+1 (09:00;
CI:08:37–09:23) were also significantly later compared to all other day
types (p<0.001). Sleep duration (19.1 mins;
CI:9.4–28.79), wake time (18 mins; CI:9.3–26.6), and
time in bed (16.8 mins; CI:2.0–31.5) were significantly
increased per hour delay in start time. When no activity was scheduled, sleep
duration (37 mins; CI:18.1–55.9), sleep onset
(42.1 mins; CI:28.8–56.2), and wake times (86 mins;
CI:72–100) were significantly extended, relative to a 09:00 start time.
Day, acute, and chronic workloads were associated with sleep onset and wake
times only. Scheduled start times were associated with changes in sleep
duration. Therefore, delaying start times may increase sleep in this
population.
Palladium-Catalyzed Double Carbopalladation/syn-Insertion Cascade toward a Pragmatic Synthesis of Aminated Polyheterocyclic 1,2-Benzothiazepine 1-Oxides
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Huang Zhigang , Dai Longji
Published: November 2022

A palladium-catalyzed tandem cyclization reaction was developed, which offers a pragmatic synthesis of aminated tetracyclic 1,2-benzothiazepine 1-oxides bearing a highly fused medium-sized cyclic unit. An acetyl (Ac) group was found to be the optimal protecting group for sulfoximines to reduce the nucleophilic ability of the N atom, thus efficiently suppressing the formation of intramolecular 5-exo-dig cyclization side products. The transformation proceeds through a double syn-carbopalladation/annulation sequence to construct the rigid tetracyclic carbo-heterocyclic framework with excellent chemoselectivity and regioselectivity.
High-Pressure Activation to Circumvent Product Degradation in the Reaction of Unprotected Glyconitrones with Alkynes
Authors: Behr Jean-Bernard , Noël Nathan , Messire Gatien , Massicot Fabien , Vasse Jean-Luc
Published: November 2022

Cycloadditions of nitrones with alkynes usually occur best under heat activation. Due to the instability of the formed isoxazolines, alternative activation methods must be found. Here, hyperbaric conditions are used to transform nitrones generated from unprotected carbohydrates into the corresponding polyhydroxy-isoxazolines at room temperature. The reaction proved completely regioselective in favor of the 5-substituted 4-isoxazolines, and the products are obtained in good yields as mixtures of the two possible diastereoisomers. Further transformations into biologically valuable targets are described. The whole synthesis constitutes a very straightforward procedure for the transformation of aldoses, and is highly compatible with the principles of green chemistry.
Finite Element Study of Stress Distribution with Tooth-Supported Mandibular Overdenture Retained by Ball Attachments or Resilient Telescopic Crowns
Authors: Ajaj AL-Kordy Nour M.T. , AL-Saadi Mohannad H.
Published: November 2022

Objective The removable partial denture must keep health of the remaining teeth and the supporting tissues through the distribution of chewing forces on the abutment teeth and alveolar process.

This study aimed to evaluate stress distribution with canines-supported mandibular overdenture retained by two different attachment types: ball attachments or resilient telescopic crowns.

Materials and Methods Two 3-dimensional finite element models consisting of the cortical mandible bone, cancellous mandible bone, oral mucosa, canines, periodontal ligaments, the two attachment types, and overdenture were simulated. The models were imported into the mathematical analysis software Ansys Workbench V 15.0. All materials were considered to be homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly elastic. A vertical bilateral load of 120 N was applied to the central fossa of the first molars. The von Mises stress was calculated for canines, cortical, and cancellous bone.

Results The maximum von Mises stress of the ball attachments model was 35.61, 4.28, 7.82, and 1.29 MPa for canines, cortical alveolar bone of canines, cortical alveolar bone at the distal end of the overdenture, and cancellous alveolar bone of canines, respectively. The maximum von Mises stress of the resilient telescopic crowns model was 39.22, 4.74, 7.06, and 1.05 MPa for canines, cortical alveolar bone of canines, cortical alveolar bone at the distal end of the overdenture, and cancellous alveolar bone of canines, respectively.

Conclusion Resilient telescopic crowns distribute the stresses between canines, alveolar bone of canines, and overdenture supporting alveolar bone. Ball attachments transfer less stress to the canines and cortical alveolar bone of the canines, but more stress to the cancellous alveolar bone of canines and alveolar bone at distal end of the overdenture. Resilient telescopic crowns are preferred over ball attachment when the abutment teeth have good periodontal support.
The Synthesis of Novel 7-(Substituted benzyl)-4,5-dihydro[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-6(7H)-ones via Tandem Ugi–Huisgen Reactions
Authors: Pokhodylo Nazariy T. , Тupychak Mykola A. , Goreshnik Evgeny A. , Obushak Mykola D.
Published: November 2022

A convenient method for the synthesis of 2-azido-3-arylpropanoic acids via the Meerwein halogenoarylation reaction of acrylic acid esters with diazonium salts, subsequent nucleophilic substitution of the halogen by an azide, and saponification is developed. The newly formed 2-azido-3-arylpropanoic acids react under the conditions of non-catalytic four-component Ugi reactions, leading to the formation of α-azidoamides in good yields. The use of propargylamine as the amine component allows the formation of Ugi adducts with azide and acetylene motifs ready for intramolecular 1,3-dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition to give the [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine annulated system. The Ugi reaction is found to give 2-azido-3-aryl-N-(2-oxo-1,2-disubstituted ethyl)-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)propanamides at room temperature without azide–alkyne cycloaddition. These dipeptides are converted into 4,5-dihydro[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-6(7H)-ones in near quantitative yields by heating in toluene. However, when the Ugi reaction is carried out by heating, it results in a one-pot Ugi–Huisgen tandem reaction leading to 4,5-dihydro[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-6(7H)-ones in excellent yields. Moreover, the possibility of the incorporation of a bromovinyl fragment (the synthetic equivalent of an acetylene fragment) via the aldehyde component of the Ugi reaction is demonstrated in an alternative preparation of the [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine system.
Are static posturography-assisted biofeedback exercises effective in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Yakşi Elif , Yaşar Mustafa Fatih , Türel Canan Akünal , Balcı Muhammed
Published: November 2022

Background Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive condition that causes disorders in movement and balance.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of static posturography-assisted biofeedback exercises in PD-related balance disorder.

Methods We screened 83 patients, 48 of whom were enrolled, and 41 completed the study. The sample was randomized into two groups, one submitted to static posturography-assisted biofeedback exercises and the other, to a conventional exercise program. The patients in the biofeedback group (n = 20) performed biofeedback exercises in addition to conventional balance exercises. Those in the conventional exercise group (n = 21) performed classic balance exercises. Both groups were treated for 20 minutes per session 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The patients were evaluated using the Hoehn and Yahr Scale, the Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Tinetti Gait and Balance Assessment (TGBA), the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), the Tandem Stance Test (TST), a Turkish version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) before and at the end of the treatment.

Results No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the MDS-UPDRS, BBS, TGBA, TST, TUG, HAQ, or BDI measurements before and after the treatment (p > 0.05).

Conclusions Improved balance parameters were observed following balance training in the patients with PD, although static posturography-assisted biofeedback exercises appeared to provide no additional benefit. However, larger, randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate their effectiveness.
Dorsal Subluxation of The Proximal Carpal Row with the Use of a Bridge Plate
Authors: Lui Hayman , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: November 2022

Background Spanning bridge plates were first popularized for fixation of complex distal radius fractures. However, indications for their use have expanded including the surgical treatment algorithm for treating conditions such as Kienböck's disease. Traditionally, initial surgical treatment of Lichtman Stages II to III Kienböck's disease included lunate decompression, unloading, and revascularization procedures. The addition of a dorsal spanning bridge plate further facilitates lunate offloading and may improve bone revascularization.

Case Description We report a complication of proximal carpal row dorsal subluxation secondary to dorsal spanning plate fixation in a patient with Stage IIIb Kienböck's disease. The patient had undergone wrist arthroscopy, lunate forage, radius core decompression, and spanning plate fixation. At 6 weeks after surgery, radiographic imaging demonstrated dorsal subluxation of the proximal carpal row that was corrected upon bridge plate removal. Serial radiographs during follow-up showed no further carpal subluxation without Kienböck's disease progression at 12 months postremoval of hardware. Patient remains pain free and has returned to elite level sport.

Literature Review To our knowledge no previous cases of proximal carpal row subluxation with the use of dorsal bridge plate has been reported in the literature.

Clinical Relevance Proximal row carpal subluxation can occur with dorsal bridge plate fixation.
A COVID-19 University-Based Dental Clinic Experience and Infection Control Protocol Modification for Safe Clinical Education
Authors: Lingawi Hanadi S. , Aldahlawi Salwa A. , Afifi Ibtesam K.
Published: November 2022

Objectives The aim of the study was to share our experience of the development and application of a modified infection control protocol at the Dental Teaching Hospital, Umm Al-Qura University (UQUDENT) during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A second aim was to evaluate the impact of the implemented strategies on preparations for future requirements in clinical dental education.

Materials and Methods In this descriptive study, we evaluated the challenges facing dental practice and categorized them into four domains: challenges facing dental practice during the pandemic, the risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection, the design of student clinics, and the financial challenges. The impact of strategies established to deal with such challenges was studied by comparing the number of treated patients from September 1, 2020, to March 01, 2021, with the number treated during the same months pre-COVID-19. The COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed students and health care workers (HCWs) were expressed in numbers and percentages in each category of the study group.

Results Policies were set up to deal with the challenges in each domain, after training all the hospital personnel in mitigation of the spread of infection within the hospital. We left a non-working clinic between every two operating clinics, and the patient risk was assessed by triage scoring and health status checks by a Saudi mobile application at the entrance. The hospital delivered more personal protective equipment and obligated all students and HCWs to wear KN95 or N95 masks during procedures. Over 1,500 patients were treated during the study period with more than a 30% reduction in comparison to those in the pre-COVID-19 period, but only 20 UQUDENT personnel had confirmed COVID-19 infection, and all proved to be community-acquired by contact tracing.

Conclusion The measures implemented in this study proved effective. With the challenges and limited resources, UQUDENT managed to resume the operation of its dental clinics and training while preventing cross-infection, and it ensured that dental students graduated with the required competency. Sharing experiences between educational institutes will help to graduate safe competent practitioners.
Recurrent IPDA Aneurysm from Celiac Occlusion Treated by a Flow Diverting Stent
Authors: Kumari Divya , Funaki Brian
Published: November 2022

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA) aneurysms have been associated with celiac axis stenosis and occlusion. Retrograde flow through the IPDA arcade has been hypothesized to cause enlargement of these vessels and lead to aneurysm formation. However, objective proof of this hypothesis is lacking, given the fact that celiac stenosis or occlusion and IPDA aneurysms are typically diagnosed concurrently and recurrent aneurysms have not been described. This report presents a patient with celiac axis stenosis and an IPDA aneurysm treated with median arcuate ligament lysis, celiac stenting, and aneurysmectomy. Seventeen years later, he developed a second IPDA aneurysm treated with a flow diverting stent.
Crohn's of the Pouch: Now What?
Authors: Connelly Tara M. , Lincango Eddy , Holubar Stefan D.
Published: November 2022

Total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the gold standard surgical treatment for the majority (∼90%) of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. In cases of carefully selected Crohn's colitis patients without small bowel or perianal involvement an “intentional IPAA” may be a viable option for disease resection and restoration of intestinal continuity. More commonly, Crohn's is incidentally found either in the resection specimen or, more commonly, when inflammatory complications subsequently arise after pouch construction for UC or indeterminate colitis. These incidental Crohn's pouches may be diagnosed early or late period post-IPAA.

Crohn's may manifest within the pouch, in the proximal small bowel, and/or distally in the rectal cuff or anus. Like intestinal Crohn's, Crohn's disease of the pouch may be of an inflammatory, fibrostenosing, or fistulizing phenotype. Treatment depends on the phenotype and includes medical treatment, most commonly in the form of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor medications; however, the newer small molecules offer a potential treatment for these patients. Surgery first entails treating the sequelae of Crohn's and is typically staged. In up to 60% of Crohn's pouches, particularly in fistulizing disease and/or recalcitrant perianal disease, the pouch fails and must be defunctioned or excised. In patients with Crohn's pouches in situ long term, outcomes including quality of life are comparable to patients who underwent IPAA for UC.
Anti–Gamma Aminobutyric Acid B Autoimmune Encephalitis in an Indian Child with Early-Onset Seizures, Neurodegeneration, and Brain Calcification due to NRROS Variation: The First Reported Case Worldwide
Authors: Kapat Aritra , Pandit Alak , Das Suman , Paul Dilip Kumar , Mandal Asok Kumar , Bala Ashok Kumar
Published: November 2022

A 1.5-year-old boy presented to us with a history of normal growth and developmental parameters until 6 months of age. However, at 7 months of age, he developed multiple types of seizures consisting initially of complex febrile seizures, followed by afebrile seizures. Multifocal clonic, generalized tonic–clonic, and myoclonic (multifocal and generalized) were the evolving seizure types. He had truncal hypotonia, but his appendicular hypotonia progressed to hypertonia over the next few months and further to decorticate posturing. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed generalized atrophy, predominantly frontotemporal, without any focal signal abnormalities or contrast enhancement. Computed tomography (CT) showed speckled calcification in subcortical white matter. Electroencephalogram showed bilateral frontotemporal epileptiform discharges with secondary generalization. His cerebrospinal fluid had normal cytology and biochemical results but was positive for anti–gamma aminobutyric acid B antibodies. Whole exome sequencing showed likely pathogenic, novel autosomal recessive homozygous variation of NRROS gene on chromosome 3 [c.1487G > A (p.Trp496Ter)], which impairs the functioning of anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta, resulting in a proinflammatory state within the central nervous system and thereby promoting autoimmune encephalitis. Parental Sanger sequencing validated the variation in both his parents. He was treated with both pulse methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg/day for 5 days) and intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg), followed by slowly tapering of oral prednisolone and monthly intravenous immunoglobulin infusion (1 g/kg). There was significant reduction in seizure frequency and disappearance of epileptiform discharges from the electroencephalogram. However, the motor and cognitive improvement did not occur, and he had microcephaly and growth failure at the last follow-up. This is the 11th case report of neurodegeneration associated with NRROS gene variations, but the first report of autoimmune encephalitis being triggered by the variation in a child.
Soliton models: Traditional and novel, one- and multidimensional
Authors: Malomed Boris A.
Published: November 2022

This article offers an introduction to the vast area of experimental and theoretical studies of solitons. It is composed of two large parts. The first one provides a review of effectively one-dimensional (1D) settings. The body of theoretical and experimental results accumulated for 1D solitons is really large, the most essential among them being overviewed here. The second part of the article provides a transition to the realm of multidimensional solitons. These main parts are split into a number of sections, which clearly define particular settings and problems addressed by them. This article may be used by those who are interested in a reasonably short, but, nevertheless, sufficiently detailed introduction to the modern “soliton science”. It addresses, first, well-known “traditional” topics. In particular, these are the integrable Korteweg–de Vries, sine-Gordon, and nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations in 1D, as well as the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equations in 2D, and basic physical realizations of these classical equations. Then, several novel topics are addressed. Especially important between them are 2D and 3D solitons of the NLS type, which are stabilized against the collapse (catastrophic self-compression, which is the fundamental problem impeding the realization of multidimensional solitons) by the spin-orbit coupling or effects by quantum fluctuations in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates in ultracold atomic gases. This article introduces a part of the material which is represented in a systematic form in a new book, Multidimensional Solitons (B. A. Malomed, AIPP, 2022).
Microscopic-macroscopic level densities for low excitation energies
Authors: Magner A. G. , Sanzhur A. I. , Fedotkin S. N. , Levon A. I. , Grygoriev U. V. , Shlomo S.
Published: November 2022

Level density ρ(E,Q) is derived within the micro-macroscopic approximation (MMA) for a system of strongly interacting Fermi particles with the energy E and additional integrals of motion Q, in line with several topics of the universal and fruitful activity of A. S. Davydov. Within the extended Thomas Fermi and semiclassical periodic orbit theory beyond the Fermi-gas saddle-point method, we obtain ρ∝Iν(S)/Sν, where Iν (S) is the modified Bessel function of the entropy S. For small shell-structure contribution, one finds ν = κ/2 + 1, where κ is the number of additional integrals of motion. This integer number is a dimension of Q, Q = {N, Z, …} for the case of two-component atomic nuclei, where N and Z are the numbers of neutrons and protons, respectively. For much larger shell structure contributions, one obtains ν = κ /2 + 2. The MMA level density ρ reaches the well-known Fermi gas asymptote for large excitation energies and the finite micro-canonical combinatoric limit for low excitation energies. The additional integrals of motion can also be the projection of the angular momentum of a nuclear system for nuclear rotations of deformed nuclei, number of excitons for collective dynamics, and so on. Fitting the MMA total level density ρ(E, Q) for a set of the integrals of motion Q = {N, Z}, to experimental data on a long nuclear isotope chain for low excitation energies, one obtains the results for the inverse level-density parameter K, which differs significantly from those of neutron resonances due to shell, isotopic asymmetry, and pairing effects.
Impact of curvature-induced Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction on magnetic vortex texture in spherical caps
Authors: Sloika Mykola I. , Gaididei Yuri , Kravchuk Volodymyr P. , Pylypovskyi Oleksandr V. , Makarov Denys , Sheka Denis D.
Published: November 2022

The geometric curvature of nanoscale magnetic shells brings about curvature-induced anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI). Here, we derive equations to describe the profile of the magnetic vortex state in a spherical cap. We demonstrate that the azimuthal component of magnetization acquires a finite tilt at the edge of the cap, which results in the increase of the magnetic surface energy. This is different compared to the case of a closed spherical shell, where symmetry of the texture does not allow any tilt of magnetization at the equator of the sphere. Furthermore, we analyze the size of the vortex core in a spherical cap and show that the presence of the curvature-induced DMI leads to the increase of the core size independent of the product of the circulation and polarity of the vortex. This is in contrast to the case of planar disks with intrinsic DMI, where the preferred direction of circulation as well as the decrease or increase of the size of vortex core is determined by the sign of the product of the circulation and polarity with respect to the sign of the constant of the intrinsic DMI.
Carbon nanosheet buffer improves photocatalytic systems
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: November 2022

The extra layer reduces defect density and carrier transfer resistance.
The effect of substrate deposition temperature on the electrical and optical properties of C60 thin films
Authors: Samad B. Abdel , Belanger É. , Duguay C.
Published: November 2022

We report the effects of the substrate deposition temperature on the photovoltaic performance of fullerene (C60) thin films. These thin films were deposited via thermal evaporation at substrate temperatures from 20 to 250 °C. The optical and electrical properties of the films were dependent on the substrate deposition temperature, and improvements in film optical properties were noted for certain temperatures. Both the optical constants n and k and the dielectric constants show theoretical and experimental decreases with the substrate temperature due to the creation of crystalline structures in the thin films. Despite differences between the theoretical and experimental optical constants, the nature of the decrease is similar. The film porosity calculated from the optical constants increased more than 50% for greater substrate temperatures. The conductivity of the films also increased with the substrate temperature and the activation energy ranged from 0.25 to 0.31 eV. We demonstrate an increased energy gap with temperature using a Tauc-plot, and the photopic and solar transmittances improved with the increased substrate temperature during deposition.
Upgrades to the gamma ray imager on DIII-D enabling access to high flux hard x-ray measurements during the runaway electron plateau phase (invited)
Authors: Lvovskiy A. , Paz-Soldan C. , Eidietis N. , Dal Molin A. , Nocente M. , Cooper C. , Rigamonti D. , Tardocchi M. , Taussig D.
Published: November 2022

The Gamma Ray Imager (GRI) is a pinhole camera providing 2D imaging of MeV hard x-ray (HXR) bremsstrahlung emission from runaway electrons (REs) over the poloidal cross section of the DIII-D tokamak. We report a series of upgrades to the GRI expanding the access to RE scenarios from the diagnosis of a trace amount of REs to high flux HXR measurements during the RE plateau phase. We present the implementation of novel gamma ray detectors based on LYSO and YAP crystals coupled to multi-pixel photon counters, enabling a count rate in excess of 1 MHz. Finally, we highlight new insights into the RE physics discovered during the current quench and RE plateau phase experiments as the result of these upgrades.
Conceptual design of a heavy ion beam probe diagnostic for the Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator
Authors: Trimino Mora H. , Crowley T. P. , Demers D. R. , Fimognari P. J. , Grulke O. , Laube R.
Published: November 2022

This article describes the current state of the design of the heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) for Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). It will be the first HIBP diagnostic on an optimized stellarator and is designed to study electric fields and ion scale turbulence in all W7-X reference magnetic configurations. The use of an existing 2 MV accelerator, located outside of the torus hall, results in the need for a circuitous primary beamline. This increases the complexity of the ion optics design to deliver a focused beam to the plasma. To access most of the magnetic configuration space of W7-X, the secondary beamline and an energy analyzer are designed to pivot, thereby redirecting a wider range of secondary beam trajectories. Signal level estimates indicate that the equilibrium potential can be measured at all radii and that the radial coverage for potential and density fluctuations measurements depends on the plasma density.
Implementation of a portable diagnostic system for Thomson scattering measurements on an electrothermal arc source
Authors: He Z. , Kafle N. , Gebhart T. E. , Biewer T. M. , Zhang Z.
Published: November 2022

To fulfill the increasing needs of diagnostic support for researchers in plasma technology, a portable diagnostic package (PDP) equipped for both laser Thomson scattering (TS) and optical emission spectroscopy has been designed and constructed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), aiming to measure the temperature and number density of electrons and temperatures of ions in plasma devices. The PDP has been initially implemented on a high density and low temperature electrothermal arc source (ET-arc) at ORNL to test its TS capability. TS from the plasmas in the ET-arc has been obtained using the PDP. The electron temperature and number density were determined from TS spectra. These results were then compared to measurements from previous studies on the ET-arc. The TS diagnostic measured 0.8 ± 0.1, 1.3 ± 0.2, and 0.7 ± 0.1 eV and (4.4 ± 0.5) × 1021, (5.9 ± 0.7) × 1021, and (4.3 ± 0.5) x 1021 m-3, respectively, from three lines of sight that transect the plasma column.
On wind turbine loading induced by non-uniform approaching flow at high Reynolds numbers
Authors: Ahmadi M. H. B. , Yang Z.
Published: November 2022

Influences of non-uniform incoming flow on the wind turbines blades forces and root bending moments (RBMs) are not fully understood. To advance our current understanding, numerical studies of a three-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine with cylinders placed in front of it to produce non-uniform flow approaching the turbine with different non-uniformity levels have been carried out to examine the variations of blade and rotor loading due to the non-uniform incoming flow. The phase-averaged predicted blade forces reveal that the blade tangential force, in-plane RBM, and power coefficient are much more sensitive to the upstream streamwise velocity variations and are much more strongly affected than the blade axial force, out-of-plane RBM, and thrust coefficient. It also shows that for non-uniform incoming flows the blade axial force to the blade tangential force ratio fluctuates significantly during one rotor revolution, resulting in large variations of the blade elastic torsion and that the total blade force (magnitude and direction) undergoes a non-linear change in the circumferential and radial directions, which will likely lead to the reduction in the turbine operational life significantly, especially for long lightweight blades of large size wind turbines. This study also shows different behaviors of the blade forces along the blade span under non-uniform upstream flows in terms of the amplitudes and standard deviations of their oscillations. For the blade tangential force, λ and σ increase monotonously along the blade span up to near the blade tip, whereas those of the blade axial force increase up to approximately 0.6 blade span and show an opposite trend behind that.
Optical synchronization technique for all-optical Compton scattering
Authors: Kim Do Yeon , Hojbota Calin Ioan , Mirzaie Mohammad , Lee Seong Ku , Kim Ki Yong , Sung Jae Hee , Nam Chang Hee
Published: November 2022

In all-optical Compton scattering driven by a multi-petawatt laser, it is critical to have accurate spatiotemporal synchronization between the ultrarelativistic electron bunch and the ultrahigh-intensity laser beam. Such a synchronization was realized by using two complementary optical setups. The first setup, used for the initial synchronization, recorded the spatial interferogram between the two femtosecond lasers used for a GeV electron beam production and an ultrahigh scattering laser beam. The second one, consisting of spatial and spectral interferometers, measured the time delay between the two laser beams in the range of 0–200 fs in real time. These monitoring systems played an essential role in conducting Compton scattering experiments.
A Monte Carlo method for Rayleigh scattering in liquid detectors
Authors: Yu Miao , Wu Wenjie , Ding Yayun , Liu Qian , Ren Feng , Zhang Zhenyu , Zhou Xiang
Published: November 2022

A new Monte Carlo method has been implemented to describe the angular and polarization distributions of anisotropic liquids, such as water and linear alkylbenzene (LAB), by considering orientational fluctuations of polarizability tensors. The scattered light of anisotropic liquids is depolarized with an angular distribution of 1 + (1 − ρv)/(1 + 3ρv) cos2 θ, which is modified by the depolarization ratio ρv. A standalone experiment has validated the simulation results of LAB. The new method can provide more accurate knowledge on light propagation in large liquid detectors, which is beneficial to the development of reconstruction for detectors.