bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous intravascular natural killer/T cell lymphoma with peculiar immunophenotype
Authors: Alegría‐Landa Victoria , Manzarbeitia Félix , Salvatierra Calderón Maria G , Requena Luis , Rodríguez‐Pinilla Socorro M
Published: August 2017

Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare entity. Most cases are a variant of extranodal diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and fewer than 10% of the published cases are of T cell origin. Only intravascular B cell lymphoma is recognized as a distinct entity in the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoproliferative disorders. We describe a case of cutaneous natural killer (NK)/T IVL, with a cytotoxic immunophenotype and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positivity. However, our case was immunohistochemically negative not only for T cell receptor (TCR)‐βF1 and TCR‐γ (TCR‐silent), but also for CD56, making it the first triple‐negative NK/T IVL case to be described. We urge recognition of this NK/T cell lineage intravascular lymphoma due to its particular immunophenotypical profile and its unvarying relationship with EBV. Its occurrence should not be considered a coincidence, but rather a key aspect of the pathogenic background of this haematological neoplasm.
Tensile and fatigue behavior of oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite with simulated foreign object damage in combustion environment
Authors: Singh Abhendra , Mall Shankar
Published: August 2017

In this study, oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite test coupons were quasi‐statically indented and tested for tensile strength and fatigue life in a combustion environment. The combustion environment simulated the gas turbine engine environment in an aircraft. Two different dent sizes were created on two different sets of test coupons with a blunt conical indentor. During mechanical testing, the combustion flame simultaneously impinged on the dent region resulting in a maximum test coupon surface temperature of 1250 ± 50°C. For a life of 90 000 cycles, the fatigue limit in the combustion environment was 85% of the postindentation degraded tensile strength. Microscopy images of the failed test coupons showed damage modes of fiber fracture and matrix cracking at the dent site. The run‐out test coupons which did not fail within 90 000 cycles showed residual strength that was not significantly different from that of their virgin counterparts.
Population invariance properties of social and economic networks
Authors: Chun Youngsub , Hong Sunghoon , Koh Bong Chan
Published: August 2017

This paper investigates how a pairwise stable network changes upon the arrival of a new agent. Comparing the new networks obtained for the society after the arrival of a new agent with the initially pairwise stable network, we propose four different population invariance properties of a network: link invariance, distance invariance, connectedness invariance, and network invariance. We show that pairwise stability is incompatible with link invariance under certain assumptions on the allocation rule. However, if we consider specific models, positive results can be obtained. For instance, in the symmetric connections model, pairwise stability implies connectedness invariance.
Trade liberalization and forest transition
Authors: González‐Val Rafael , Pueyo Fernando
Published: August 2017

We develop a theoretical model that provides an additional explanation for the forest transition based on a trade liberalization scenario. We introduce a renewable natural resource (wood), used as an input by manufacturing firms, in a framework with economic geography foundations: transport costs affect the spatial distribution of firms. In a general equilibrium, the results reproduce the forest transition at a global scale: a decrease in transport costs has an initial negative effect on the worldwide stock of the natural resource, but this effect is offset over time as a consequence of industrial reallocation and eventually disappears in the long run.
Synergistic effects of high pressure processing and slightly acidic electrolysed water on the inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores
Authors: Wang Liping , Xia Qiang , Li Yunfei
Published: August 2017

Bacillus spores are concerns for their resistance to heat, high pressure processing (HPP), and disinfectants. We examined the effects of HPP and slightly acidic electrolysed water (SAEW) on inactivation of B. cereus spores. Spores' suspensions were prepared with 2‐(N‐morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer or SAEW with available chlorine content (ACC) of 24, 35, 44 or 55 mg L−1, and then subjected to HPP. The individual effects of HPP or SAEW on spores were negligible (<1.0 log CFU mL−1). With factorial design and anova analysis, HPP + SAEW treatment was shown to have significantly positive effects on spores’ inactivation. The optimal conditions were 300 MPa HPP + SAEW with 44 mg L−1 ACC or 200 MPa HPP + SAEW with 44 mg L−1 ACC + 500 MPa HPP, producing reductions of 3.27 and 3.99 log CFU mL−1, respectively. HPP + SAEW have potentials to serve as two effective hurdle techniques for inactivating B. cereus spores.
Comparisons of physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities among pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata L.) flour and isolated starches from fresh pumpkin or flour
Authors: Promsakha na Sakon Nakhon Phanlert , Jangchud Kamolwan , Jangchud Anuvat , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon
Published: August 2017

Physicochemical properties (pasting and thermal properties, swelling power, water solubility and antioxidant activities) and chemical composition of pumpkin flour (PF) and starches, isolated from fresh pumpkin (SFF) or flour (SFP) were compared. SFP and SFF had similar proximate composition and amylose content. Drying process during PF preparation modified starch properties. PF exhibited greater antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP), but had lower β‐carotene than fresh pumpkin. SFF and SFP had higher amylose content than PF, and exhibited a B‐type X‐ray diffraction pattern with spherical and dome‐like starch granules. Peak viscosity of SFP was relatively higher than that of SFF, probably due to lower swelling power and water solubility, which indicated increased granular rigidity in the SFP starch structure. Compared with SFF and SFP, PF had significantly higher onset (To), peak (Tp) and conclusion (Tc) temperatures due to a lower starch content and relatively higher fibre content, which resulted in lower gelatinisation enthalpy (ΔH).
Influences of argatroban on five fibrinogen assays
Authors: Zhang L. , Yang J. , Zheng X. , Fan Q. , Zhang Z.
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Argatroban, as a direct thrombin inhibitor, prolongs the clotting time. However, detection of clotting time is the base of routine fibrinogen assays, including Clauss method and derived method. The influences of argatroban on fibrinogen assays are still unclear.

Methods

Normal pooled plasma (NPP) from 20 healthy subjects was spiked with increasing argatroban concentrations (0‐3.2 μg/mL). Then the NPP samples were analyzed by five fibrinogen assays: HemosIL Fibrinogen‐C XL reagent (Clauss method) on ACL‐TOP; STA‐Fibrinogen reagent (Clauss method) on STA‐R Evolution; Siemens Thrombin reagent (Clauss method) on CS‐5100; SynthASil RecombiPlasTin 2G reagent (PT‐derived method) on ACL‐TOP; and N Antiserum to Human Fibrinogen reagent (NAHF, Immunoassay) on BN2 nephelometer analyzer.

Results

Argatroban had no influences on NAHF (P=.13). Compared with the NAHF, significant reduction was observed on Fibrinogen‐C XL (P<.01), while no influences were shown on the others (STA‐Fibrinogen: P=.41, Siemens Thrombin: P=.20, RecombiPlasTin 2G: P=.21) when activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ratio was no more than 3.0. As APTT ratio was increasing to 4.5, results from Clauss and PT‐derived methods were significantly lowered (STA‐Fibrinogen: P=.02, Siemens Thrombin: P<.01, Fibrinogen‐C XL: P<.01, RecombiPlasTin 2G: P<.01).

Conclusion

The influences of argatroban on fibrinogen assays differ greatly, clinicians should be aware of the influences of argatroban on the fibrinogen assays used on site to avoid misdiagnoses.
Taking Root: a grounded theory on evidence‐based nursing implementation in China
Authors: Cheng L. , Broome M.E. , Feng S. , Hu Y.
Published: August 2017

Background

Evidence‐based nursing is widely recognized as the critical foundation for quality care.

Aim

To develop a middle‐range theory on the process of evidence‐based nursing implementation in Chinese context.

Methods

A grounded theory study using unstructured in‐depth individual interviews was conducted with 56 participants who were involved in 24 evidence‐based nursing implementation projects in Mainland China from September 2015 to September 2016.

Results

A middle‐range grounded theory of ‘Taking Root’ was developed. The theory describes the evidence implementation process consisting of four components (driving forces, process, outcome, sustainment/regression), three approaches (top‐down, bottom‐up and outside‐in), four implementation strategies (patient‐centred, nurses at the heart of change, reaching agreement, collaboration) and two patterns (transformational and adaptive implementation).

Limitations

Certain perspectives may have not been captured, as the retrospective nature of the interviewing technique did not allow for ‘real‐time’ assessment of the actual implementation process. The transferability of the findings requires further exploration as few participants with negative experiences were recruited.

Conclusion

This is the first study that explored evidence‐based implementation process, strategies, approaches and patterns in the Chinese nursing practice context to inform international nursing and health policymaking. The theory of Taking Root described various approaches to evidence implementation and how the implementation can be transformational for the nurses and the setting in which they work.

Implications for nursing and health policy

Nursing educators, managers and researchers should work together to improve nurses’ readiness for evidence implementation. Healthcare systems need to optimize internal mechanisms and external collaborations to promote nursing practice in line with evidence and achieve clinical outcomes and sustainability.
“Clinton Defeats Trump” 2016 Polls and the Shadow of 1948
Authors: Lusinchi Dominic
Published: August 2017

Dominic Lusinchi finds parallels with the past while reviewing a report on last year's presidential election polls
What are the Odds!? The “Airport Fallacy” and Statistical Inference
Authors: Gunter Bert , Tong Christopher
Published: August 2017

Bert Gunter and Christopher Tong use a chance meeting in an airport departure lounge to argue that widespread reliance on frequentist statistical inference cannot help but lead science astray
MicroRNA‐30a ameliorates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting Beclin1‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Chen Jianliang , Yu Yue , Li Shu , Liu Yuting , Zhou Shu , Cao Shouji , Yin Jie , Li Guoqiang
Published: August 2017

We explored the role of microRNA‐30a (miR‐30a) and the mechanism involved in hepatic fibrosis. MiR‐30a overexpression was achieved by miR‐30a mimics transfection in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) (HSC‐T6, LX‐2), and miR‐30a agomir (ago‐miR‐30a) treatment in mice. MiR‐30a levels were measured using TaqMan miRNA assay system, and the localization of miR‐30a was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The interaction of miR‐30a and Beclin1 was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Autophagic flux was analysed using tandem mRFP‐GFP‐LC3 fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy and Western blot of LC3‐II/I ratio. MiR‐30a was notably down‐regulated in activated HSCs and LX‐2‐exosomes induced by TGF‐β1; overexpression of miR‐30a down‐regulated extracellular matrix (ECM), such as α‐SMA, TIMP‐1, and Collagen I expression, and suppressed cell viability in HSCs. MiR‐30a was significantly down‐regulated in hepatic fibrosis mice and overexpression of miR‐30a prevented BDL‐induced fibrogenesis, concomitant with the down‐regulation of ECM. MiR‐30a inhibited HSCs autophagy and increased lipid accumulation in HSCs and in mice fibrotic hepatic tissues. MiR‐30a inhibited its downstream effector of Beclin1 by direct targeting its 3′‐UTR region. Moreover, Knock‐down of Beclin1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited HSC autophagy and activation in LX‐2 cells. In conclusion, miR‐30a is down‐regulated in hepatic fibrosis models and its overexpression prevents liver fibrogenesis by directly suppressing Beclin1‐mediated autophagy; therefore, miR‐30a may be a new potential therapeutic target for controlling hepatic fibrosis.
Blockade of myeloid differentiation protein 2 prevents obesity‐induced inflammation and nephropathy
Authors: Fang Qilu , Wang Lintao , Yang Daona , Chen Xiong , Shan Xiaoou , Zhang Yali , Lum Hazel , Wang Jingying , Zhong Peng , Liang Guang , Wang Yi
Published: August 2017

Obesity is a major and independent risk factor of kidney diseases. The pathogenic mechanisms of obesity‐associated renal injury are recognized to at least involve a lipid‐rich and pro‐inflammatory state of the renal tissues, but specific mechanisms establishing causal relation remain unknown. Saturated fatty acids are elevated in obesity, and known to induce chronic inflammation in kidneys. Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) is an important protein in lipopolysaccharide‐induced innate immunity response and inflammation. We suggested that obesity‐associated renal injury is regulated by MD2 thereby driving an inflammatory renal injury. The used three mouse models for in vivo study: MD2 knockout mice (KO) maintained on high fat diet (HFD), wild‐type mice on HFD plus L6H21, a specific MD2 inhibitor and KO mice given palmitic acid (PA) by IV injection. The in vitro studies were carried out in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells, mouse mesangial cells and primary macrophages, respectively. The HFD mice presented with increased hyperlipidemia, serum creatinine and proteinuria. Renal tissue from HFD mice had increased fibrosis, inflammatory cytokines, macrophage infiltration, and activation of NF‐κB and MAPKs. This HFD‐induced renal injury profile was not observed in KO mice or L6H21‐treated mice. Mice given PA mimmicked the HFD‐induced renal injury profiles, which were prevented by MD2 knockout. The in vitro data further confirmed MD2 mediates PA‐induced inflammation. MD2 is causally related with obesity‐associated renal inflammatory injury. We believe that MD2 is an attractive target for future therapeutic strategies in obesity‐associated kidney diseases.
The apolipoprotein A‐I mimetic peptide, D‐4F, restrains neointimal formation through heme oxygenase‐1 up‐regulation
Authors: Liu Donghui , Wu Mengzhang , Du Qian , Ding Zhenzhen , Qian Mingming , Tong Zijia , Xu Wenqi , Zhang Le , Chang He , Wang Yan , Huang Caihua , Lin Donghai
Published: August 2017

D‐4F, an apolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I) mimetic peptide, possesses distinctly anti‐atherogenic effects. However, the biological functions and mechanisms of D‐4F on the hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remain unclear. This study aimed to determine its roles in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. In vitro, D‐4F inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration induced by ox‐LDL in a dose‐dependent manner. D‐4F up‐regulated heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) expression in VSMCs, and the PI3K/Akt/AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was involved in these processes. HO‐1 down‐regulation with siRNA or inhibition with zinc protoporphyrin (Znpp) impaired the protective effects of D‐4F on the oxidative stress and the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Moreover, down‐regulation of ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) abolished the activation of Akt and AMPK, the up‐regulation of HO‐1 and the anti‐oxidative effects of D‐4F. In vivo, D‐4F restrained neointimal formation and oxidative stress of carotid arteries in balloon‐injured Sprague Dawley rats. And inhibition of HO‐1 with Znpp decreased the inhibitory effects of D‐4F on neointimal formation and ROS production in arteries. In conclusion, D‐4F inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration in vitro and neointimal formation in vivo through HO‐1 up‐regulation, which provided a novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategy for anti‐restenosis of arteries.
Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Lessons Learned and Applied
Authors: Galvin James E.
Published: August 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more than 5 million Americans, with substantial consequences for individuals with AD, families, and society in terms of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. With disease‐modifying treatment trials unsuccessful at the present time and only medications to treat symptoms available, an emerging approach is prevention. Advances in diagnostic criteria, biomarker development, and greater understanding of the biophysiological basis of AD make these initiatives feasible. Ongoing pharmacological trials using anti‐amyloid therapies are underway in sporadic and genetic forms of AD, although a large number of modifiable risk factors for AD have been identified in observational studies, many of which do not appear to exert effects through amyloid or tau. This suggests that prevention studies focusing on risk reduction and lifestyle modification may offer additional benefits. Rather than relying solely on large‐sample, long‐duration, randomized clinical trial designs, a precision medicine approach using N‐of‐1 trials may provide more‐rapid information on whether personalized prevention plans can improve person‐centered outcomes. Because there appear to be multiple pathways to developing AD, there may also be multiple ways to prevent or delay the onset of AD. Even if these precision approaches alone are not successful in preventing AD, they may greatly improve the likelihood of amyloid‐ or tau‐specific therapies to reach their endpoints by reducing comorbidities. Keeping this in mind, dementia may be a disorder that develops over a lifetime, with individualized ways to build a better brain as we age.
Sequential segmental analysis of the crocodilian heart
Authors: Cook Andrew C. , Tran Vi‐Hue , Spicer Diane E. , Rob Jafrin M. H. , Sridharan Shankar , Taylor Andrew , Anderson Robert H. , Jensen Bjarke
Published: August 2017

Differences between hearts of crocodilians and those of mammals and birds are only partly understood because there is no standardised approach and terminology for describing cardiac structure. Whereas most reptiles have an undivided ventricle, crocodilians have a fully septated ventricle. Their hearts, therefore, are more readily comparable with the hearts of mammals and birds. Here, we describe the heart of a crocodile (Crocodylus noliticus). We use the versatile sequential segmental approach to analysis, juxtaposing several key views of the crocodilian heart to the comparable views of human hearts. In crocodiles, the atrial and ventricular septums are complete but, unlike in placental mammals, the atrial septum is without an oval fossa. The myocardial component of the crocodilian ventricular septum dominates, but the membranous septum likely makes up a greater proportion than in any mammal. In the crocodile, the aortic trunk takes its origin from the left ventricle and is not wedged between the atrioventricular junctions. Consequently, there is a common atrioventricular junction, albeit with separate right and left atrioventricular valvar orifices. As in mammals, nonetheless, the crocodilian left atrioventricular valvar orifice is cranial to the right atrioventricular valvar orifice. By applying a method of analysis and terminology usually restricted to the human heart, we build from the considerable existing literature to show neglected and overlooked shared features, such as the offset between the left and right atrioventricular valvar orifices. Such commonalities are surprising given the substantial evolutionary divergence of the archosaur and synapsid lineages, and likely reflect evolutionarily shared morphogenetic programmes.
To the Rescue!? Brokering a Rapid, Scaled and Customized Compassionate Response to Suffering after Disaster
Authors: Williams Trenton A. , Shepherd Dean A.
Published: August 2017

Suffering comes in many forms that significantly impact organizations’ operations and performance. As a result, recent research on compassion organizing seeks to explain how efforts to notice, feel, and respond to suffering create organizational (and societal) benefits. Widespread suffering can be generated by natural disasters, which in turn can trigger compassionate organizational responses. In this paper, we build on social capital theory to theorize about how compassionate ventures leverage network relationships to identify and mobilize resources. We also explore how differences in these approaches influence the magnitude, speed, and customization of the response, all of which are theorized indicators of the effectiveness of compassion organizing in alleviating suffering. We use structural equation modelling to test our model and find that compassionate ventures with stronger tiesto the localcommunity are more likely to bundle (i.e., stretch) resources, which facilitates a speedy, customized, and large magnitude response. In contrast, those with stronger tiesoutside the localcommunity are more likely to pursue (i.e., chase) new resources, which results in a large magnitude response, but one that is not associated with speed or customization. We discuss the implications of our findings and make recommendations for future research.
Efficacy of low‐level laser therapy compared to steroid therapy in the treatment of oral lichen planus: A systematic review
Authors: Akram Zohaib , Abduljabbar Tariq , Vohra Fahim , Javed Fawad
Published: August 2017

Background

Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been proposed as a potential treatment strategy for the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of LLLT, in comparison with corticosteroid therapy, in the treatment of OLP.

Materials and Methods

This systematic review aimed to address the following focused question: “Does LLLT yield better clinical outcomes than corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of OLP?” Indexed databases were searched up to and including April 2017. Clinical trials in humans diagnosed clinically and/or histologically with OLP allocated to test (LLLT) versus control (steroid therapy) groups were included.

Results

Five clinical studies were included. The risk of bias was considered high in four studies and moderate in one study. Laser wavelengths, power, spot size, and duration of laser exposure ranged between 630 and 970 nm, 10‐3000 mW, 0.2‐1.0 cm2, and 6–480 seconds, respectively. The follow‐up period ranged from 4 to 48 weeks. All included studies reporting clinical scores showed that LLLT was effective in the treatment of OLP in adult patients at follow‐up. Three studies showed significantly higher improvements with topical use of corticosteroids compared to LLLT, while one study showed significant improvement with LLLT. One study showed comparable outcomes between LLLT and corticosteroid application.

Conclusion

It remains debatable whether LLLT is more effective as compared to corticosteroids in the treatment of OLP, given that the scientific evidence is weak. These findings are preliminary and further randomized clinical trials are recommended.
Impact of oral potentially malignant disorders on quality of life
Authors: Tadakamadla Jyothi , Kumar Santhosh , Lalloo Ratilal , Gandhi Babu Dara Balaji , Johnson Newell W.
Published: August 2017

Background

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) could have a significant psychological impact on patients, principally because of the unknown risk of malignant transformation, while the physical and functional impairments could differ. This study aimed to assess the impact of three different OPMDs and their disease stages on the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients.

Methods

Oral leukoplakia (OL), oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients who were undergoing treatment at an oral medicine clinic of a dental teaching hospital in India were the study population. All subjects completed the recently developed OPMDQoL questionnaire and a short form 12 item (version 2) health survey questionnaire (SF‐12v2). OPMDQoL questionnaire consists of 20 items over four dimensions. A higher score denotes poor OHRQoL. SF‐12v2 has two components, a Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS).

Results

A total of 150 subjects (50 each of OL, OLP and OSF) participated. OL patients (37.7 ± 7.9) reported significantly better OPMDQoL scores than OLP (47.3 ± 5.8) and OSF (45.4 ± 9.2) patients. OLP patients reported significant problems in obtaining a clear diagnosis for their condition, more so than the other OPMDs. OL patients reported fewer problems for the dimension, “physical impairment and functional limitations” than the OLP and OSF patients. A significant trend was observed with the overall OPMDQoL and MCS, deteriorating as the disease stage increased.

Conclusions

OLP and OSF have a significant impact on the QoL of affected individuals: OL less so. Increasing stage of the disease is associated with worsening QoL.
Acknowledging medical students’ reports of intimidation and humiliation by their teachers in hospitals
Authors: Barrett Jenny , Scott Karen M
Published: August 2017

Aim

The continuing existence of ‘teaching by humiliation’ of medical students and junior doctors in Australia has recently been highlighted in a number of research publications and media reports. This study investigates medical students’ experiences of being intimidated or humiliated during their clinical rotations in Australian hospitals in paediatrics and adult medicine.

Methods

From factors identified in earlier research, a two‐page survey was developed for administration at two Australian medical schools. Administered in Semester 2 of 2014, students were invited to add their own free‐text comments at the conclusion of 17 closed questions. Using thematic analysis of the qualitative data, the researchers identified the common themes in the students’ free‐text comments, which are reported in this paper.

Results

We found five main themes in the qualitative data: a spectrum of interpretations of and responses to ‘teaching by humiliation’, an accepted means of enculturating the young, teachers’ techniques for asking questions, the victims and perpetrators of mistreatment and the variance of prevalence in different contexts.

Conclusion

Research shows the persistence of ‘teaching by humiliation’, even in paediatrics, particularly when doctors are questioning students in ways that shame them for their lack of knowledge. Given the many personal and professional costs of these practices, this cycle of mistreatment needs to be brought to an end. There is a need for students’ reports of intimidation and humiliation to be acknowledged; the offending practices need to be interrupted, and more effective and respectful approaches to teaching need to be adopted.
Can degradation products released from dental implants affect peri‐implant tissues?
Authors: Noronha Oliveira M. , Schunemann W. V. H. , Mathew M. T. , Henriques B. , Magini R. S. , Teughels W. , Souza J. C. M.
Published: August 2017

This study aimed to assess the literature available on the effects, on peri‐implant tissues, of degradation products released from dental implants as a consequence of therapeutic treatment for peri‐implantitis and/or of wear‐corrosion of titanium. A literature review of the PubMed medline database was performed up to December 31, 2016. The following search terms were used: “titanium wear and dental implant”; “titanium corrosion and dental implant”; “bio‐tribocorrosion”; “peri‐implantitis”; “treatment of peri‐implantitis”; “titanium particles release and dental implant”; and “titanium ion release and dental implant”. The keywords were applied to the database in different combinations without limits of time period or type of work. In addition, the reference lists of relevant articles were searched for further studies. Seventy‐nine relevant scientific articles on the topic were retrieved. The results showed that pro‐inflammatory cytokines, infiltration of inflammatory response cells and activation of the osteoclasts activity are stimulated in peri‐implant tissues in the presence of metal particles and ions. Moreover, degenerative changes were reported in macrophages and neutrophils that phagocytosed titanium microparticles, and mutations occurred in human cells cultured in medium containing titanium‐based nanoparticles. Debris released from the degradation of dental implants has cytotoxic and genotoxic potential for peri‐implant tissues. Thus, the amount and physicochemical properties of the degradation products determine the magnitude of the detrimental effect on peri‐implant tissues.
Tudor Shakespeare: Taking the Long View
Authors: Steele Brokaw Katherine
Published: August 2017

Tudor literature, especially texts written between 1530 and 1580, has been understudied by scholars. But Shakespeare was born and came of age in Tudor England, and his work is influenced by the drama and politics of this period. Reading Tudor drama alongside Shakespearean drama helps us better examine the way that various ideas and dramatic techniques developed across the 16th century. Attention to Tudor drama and its relationship to Shakespeare helps us rethink scholarly periodization and the social, religious, and theatrical changes and continuities of the long 16th century.
Feasibility and acceptability of a text message intervention used as an adjunct tool by WIC breastfeeding peer counsellors: The LATCH pilot
Authors: Harari Nurit , Rosenthal Marjorie S. , Bozzi Valerie , Goeschel Lori , Jayewickreme Teshika , Onyebeke Chukwuma , Griswold Michele , Perez‐Escamilla Rafael
Published: August 2017

Breastfeeding rates among mothers in the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) are lower than for other mothers in the United States. The objective of this study was to test the acceptability and feasibility of the Lactation Advice thru Texting Can Help intervention. Mothers were enrolled at 18–30 weeks gestation from two WIC breastfeeding peer counselling (PC) programmes if they intended to breastfeed and had unlimited text messaging, more than fifth‐grade literacy level, and fluency in English or Spanish. Participants were randomized to the control arm (PC support without texting) or the intervention arm (PC support with texting). The two‐way texting intervention provided breastfeeding education and support from peer counsellors. Primary outcomes included early post‐partum (PP) contact and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates at 2 weeks PP. Feasibility outcomes included text messaging engagement and mother's satisfaction with texting platform. Fifty‐eight women were enrolled, 52 of whom were available for intention‐to‐treat analysis (n = 30 texting, n = 22 control). Contact between mothers and PCs within 48 hr of delivery was greater in the texting group (86.6% vs. 27.3%, p < .001). EBF rates at 2 weeks PP among participants in the texting intervention was 50% versus 31.8% in the control arm (p = .197). Intervention group mothers tended to be more likely to meet their breastfeeding goals (p = .06). Participants were highly satisfied with the Lactation Advice thru Texting Can Help intervention, and findings suggest that it may improve early post‐delivery contact and increase EBF rates among mothers enrolled in WIC who receive PC. A large, multicentre trial is feasible and warranted.
Women's dietary diversity in rural Bangladesh: Pathways through women's empowerment
Authors: Sinharoy Sheela S. , Waid Jillian L. , Haardörfer Regine , Wendt Amanda , Gabrysch Sabine , Yount Kathryn M.
Published: August 2017

The relationship between women's empowerment and women's nutrition is understudied. We aimed to elucidate this relationship by quantifying possible pathways between empowerment and dietary diversity among women in rural Bangladesh. In 2015, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 2,599 married women ages 15–40 (median: 25) living in 96 settlements of Habiganj District, Bangladesh, as a baseline for the Food and Agricultural Approaches to Reducing Malnutrition trial. We collected data on women's empowerment (highest completed grade of schooling and agency), dietary diversity, and demographic factors, including household wealth. We used exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis on random split‐half samples, followed by structural equation modelling, to test pathways from schooling, through domains of women's agency, to dietary diversity. Factor analysis revealed 3 latent domains of women's agency: social solidarity, decision‐making, and voice with husband. In the adjusted mediation model, having any postprimary schooling was positively associated with voice with husband (β41 = .051, p = .010), which was positively associated with dietary diversity (β54 = .39, p = .002). Schooling also had a direct positive association with women's dietary diversity (β51 = .22, p < .001). Neither women's social solidarity nor decision‐making mediated the relationship between schooling and dietary diversity. The link between schooling and dietary diversity was direct and indirect, through women's voice with husband but not through women's social solidarity or decision‐making. In this population, women with postprimary schooling seem to be better able to negotiate improved diets for themselves.
A plant's balance of growth and defense – revisited
Authors: Wasternack Claus
Published: August 2017

This article is a Commentary on Major et al., 215: 1533–1547.
Recent developments in understanding the role of the gut microbiota in brain health and disease
Authors: Sherwin Eoin , Dinan Timothy G. , Cryan John F.
Published: August 2017

There is a growing appreciation of the role of the gut microbiota in all aspects of health and disease, including brain health. Indeed, roles for the bacterial commensals in various psychiatric and neurological conditions, such as depression, autism, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, are emerging. Microbiota dysregulation has been documented in all of these conditions or in animal models thereof. Moreover, depletion or modulation of the gut microbiota can affect the severity of the central pathology or behavioral deficits observed in a variety of brain disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying such effects are only slowly being unraveled. Additionally, recent preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that targeting the microbiota through prebiotic, probiotic, or dietary interventions may be an effective “psychobiotic” strategy for treating symptoms in mood, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Path Dependence in Pension Policy: The Case of Florida Local Governments
Authors: Cong Yongqing , Neshkova Milena I. , Frank Howard A.
Published: August 2017

Policymakers face significant liabilities with traditional defined benefit (DB) plans in the government. Unlike defined contribution (DC) plans, the fiscal risks under DB plans are borne by the plan sponsors, that is, state and local governments, and ultimately taxpayers. The Great Recession heightened pension solvency concerns in many jurisdictions, necessitating a reconsideration of their retirement systems. Drawing on Florida municipalities’ plans from 2006 to 2012, we develop an index of pension change and track its evolution. Findings reveal a preponderance of incremental change and suggest the lack of significant change may be a function of high financial costs and status quo bias.
Molecular characterization of rice arsenic‐induced RING finger E3 ligase 2 (OsAIR2) and its heterogeneous overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hwang Sun‐Goo , Chapagain Sandeep , Han A‐Reum , Park Yong Chan , Park Hyeon Mi , Kim Yong Hwan , Jang Cheol Seong
Published: August 2017

Arsenic (As) accumulation adversely affects the growth and productivity of plants and poses a serious threat to human health and food security. In this study, we identified one As‐responsive Really Interesting New Gene (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligase gene from rice root tissues during As stress. We named it Oryza sativa As‐Induced RING E3 ligase 2 (OsAIR2). Expression of OsAIR2 was induced under various abiotic stress conditions, including heat, salt, drought and As exposure. Results of an in vitro ubiquitination assay showed that OsAIR2 possesses an E3 ligase activity. Within the cell, OsAIR2 was found to be localized to the Golgi apparatus. Using yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) assay, the 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA thiolase (KAT) protein was identified as an interaction partner. We found that the O. sativa KAT1 (OsKAT1) is localized to the cytosol and peroxisomes. Moreover, in vitro pull‐down assay verified the physical interaction between OsAIR2 and OsKAT1. Interestingly, in vitro ubiquitination assay and in vivo proteasomal degradation assay revealed that OsAIR2 ubiquitinates OsKAT1 and promotes the degradation of OsKAT1 via the 26S proteasome degradation pathway. Heterogeneous overexpression of OsAIR2 in Arabidopsis improved the seed germination and increased the root length under arsenate stress conditions. Therefore, these results suggest that OsAIR2 may be associated with the plant response to As stress and acts as a positive regulator of As stress tolerance.
Cutinsomes as building‐blocks of Arabidopsis thaliana embryo cuticle
Authors: Stępiński Dariusz , Kwiatkowska Maria , Wojtczak Agnieszka , Domínguez Eva , Heredia Antonio , Popłońska Katarzyna
Published: August 2017

Cutinsomes, spherical nanoparticles containing cutin mono‐ and oligomers, are engaged in cuticle formation. Earlier they were revealed to participate in cuticle biosynthesis in Solanum lycopersicum fruit and Ornithogalum umbellatum ovary epidermis. Here, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunogold labeling with antibody against the cutinsomes were applied to aerial cotyledon epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana mature embryos. TEM as well as gold particles conjugated with the cutinsome antibody revealed these structures in the cytoplasm, near the plasmalemma, in the cell wall and incorporated into the cuticle. Thus, the cutinsomes most probably are involved in the formation of A. thaliana embryo cuticle and this model plant is another species in which these specific structures participate in the building of cuticle in spite of the lack of the lipotubuloid metabolon. In addition, a mechanism of plant cuticle lipid biosynthesis based on current knowledge is proposed.
Polarization, Excepted Appointments, and the Administrative Presidency
Authors: Moore Emily H.
Published: August 2017

The rise of congressional polarization has led presidents to seek alternative ways to pursue their agendas through staffing. I argue presidents use excepted appointments, which are excepted both from advice and consent and competitive hiring processes, when ideological conflict within the Senate is high. I also argue that Schedule C appointments specifically are concentrated in agencies ideologically similar to the president due to their advisory nature. I find preliminary support for these hypotheses using Office of Personnel Management data on Schedule C appointees from 1998 to 2013. In sum, this study shows that excepted appointments are an important yet understudied tool in the president's administrative toolbox.
Functional indexes of reactive cognitive control: ERPs in cued go/no‐go tasks
Authors: Kropotov Juri D. , Ponomarev Valery A. , Pronina Marina , Jäncke Lutz
Published: August 2017

We aimed to determine the functional meaning of latent (hidden) components decomposed from ERPs, in the context of a go/no‐go paradigm. To accomplish this, we used a new group blind source separation method, based on joint diagonalization of covariance matrices of ERPs. Four variants of a frequently used go/no‐go paradigm were designed, in which operations of reactive cognitive control, such as conflict detection and action inhibition, were independently manipulated. The results showed that a latent component, generated in the anterior cingulate cortex, induced N2/P3 fluctuation only in conditions in which the prepotent model was violated, and thus can be associated with conflict detection operations. In contrast, the two latent components generated in the vicinity of the central sulcus induced P3‐like fluctuations in conditions in which the prepared action was suppressed, and thus can be associated with action inhibition operations. The advantages and limitations of the new blind source separation method in relation to ERP research are also discussed.
University – industry collaboration in R&D: the role of labor market rigidity
Authors: Williams Christopher , Allard Gayle
Published: August 2017

We investigate how R&D university – industry collaboration (R&D UIC) is influenced by labor market rigidity. While it is well‐established that an educated and skilled workforce will facilitate R&D UIC, another aspect of these alliances has been under‐researched: the role of labor market rigidity, in particular the difficulties employers face in hiring and firing workers. We hypothesize that the size of the R&D labor pool in a country will encourage R&D UIC, and that the ease with which employers are legally allowed to hire and fire will directly and indirectly influence R&D UIC. Integrating data from various sources, we test our model on a sample of 73 countries for which information on the size of the R&D labor pool and labor market regulations are available. We also conduct a robustness test using a different proxy for R&D labor pool on a larger sample of 109 countries. Results confirm the strong link between a country's R&D labor pool and R&D UIC, as well as direct negative impacts of hiring and firing rigidity and an indirect negative impact of hiring rigidity. The findings have implications for managers, policy makers, and researchers of R&D collaboration between universities and industry.
Time Dummy Hedonic and Quality‐Adjusted Unit Value Indexes: Do They Really Differ?
Authors: de Haan Jan , Krsinich Frances
Published: August 2017

One of the main approaches to constructing quality‐adjusted price indexes is the time dummy hedonic method. An alternative but rather unconventional method is the estimation of quality‐adjusted unit value indexes. An advantage of the latter method is the interpretation of the implicit quantity index as the simple ratio of quality‐adjusted or standardized quantities. In this paper we compare the two methods. We show that the expenditure‐share weighted time dummy price index and the quality‐adjusted unit value index can be written as ratios of weighted geometric and harmonic means, respectively, of quality‐adjusted prices. Next, we argue that the two indexes will have similar trends and volatility if the quality‐adjusted prices in the quality‐adjusted unit value index are based on the estimated time dummy model. Our theoretical findings are illustrated on New Zealand scanner data for seven consumer electronics products.
Examining identity development among gay men of color
Authors: Han Chong‐suk
Published: August 2017

Within the past few decades, there has been an explosion of articles examining “gay identity.” Yet, much of this work continues to center on the experiences of gay White men or fail to adequately examine the process of identity development, even when “identity” is central to the discussion. This review outlines 4 theoretical perspectives used to explore gay men of color and identity development. Taken together, these 4 perspectives can offer a rich opportunity to explore the ways that gay men of color come to develop an identity that simultaneously addresses their racial and sexual identities. I argue that examining identity development among gay men of color can help sociology better understand the identity process and provide new insights into examining intersectionality by demonstrating that identities are not only intersectional but also contextual.
Investigating the Relation Between Sorption Tendency and Hydraulic Properties of Shale Formations
Authors: Dokhani Vahid , Yu Mengjiao , Gao Chao , Bloys James
Published: August 2017

Routine measurement of hydraulic diffusivity of ultralow permeability rocks, such as shale, is a prolonged process. This study explores the effects of a sorptive characteristic of the porous medium on hydraulic diffusivities of shale rocks. The examined rock types include Mancos Shale, Catoosa Shale, Eagle Ford Shale, and core samples from the Gulf of Mexico. First, the adsorption isotherms of the selected shale rocks were obtained. Then, the hydraulic properties of the selected shale rocks were determined using Shale/Fluid Interaction Testing Cell, which employs pore pressure transmission technique. The experimental results show that the moisture content of shale is correlated with water activity using a multilayer adsorption theory. It is found that the adsorption isotherms of various shale formations can be scaled using their respective cation exchange capacity (CEC) into a single adsorption curve. Analyzing the transient pore pressure response in the downstream side of shale sample allows calculating the transport coefficients of shale samples. Hydraulic properties of shales are obtained by matching the pore pressure history with one-dimensional coupled fluid flow model. The experimental results indicate that sorptive properties can be inversely related to the hydraulic diffusivity of shale rocks. It is found that with an increase in the magnitude of sorption potential of shale, the hydraulic diffusivity decreases. This study is useful for shale characterization and provides a correlation, which can have various applications including, but not limited to, wellbore stability prediction during well planning.
Amphibians on the brink
Authors: Bower Deborah S. , Lips Karen R. , Schwarzkopf Lin , Georges Arthur , Clulow Simon
Published: August 2017

Preemptive policies can protect amphibians from devastating fungal diseases
Response to comment on “Using geospatial mapping to design HIV elimination strategies for sub-Saharan Africa”
Authors: Okano Justin T. , Coburn Brian J. , Blower Sally
Published: August 2017

Detailed geospatial mapping of a generalized HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa shows that implementing the UNAIDS 90-90-90 strategy could potentially exacerbate urban-rural health care disparities.
Let’s start from the very beginning
Authors: Christenson Stephanie A.
Published: August 2017

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
likely evolved before the introduction of methicillin into clinical use.
Why the sequel is always worse than the original
Authors: Philips Jennifer A.
Published: August 2017

Severe pneumonia predisposes to recurrent infection by functionally impairing antigen presenting cells.