bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF MOLYBDENUM PENTACHLORIDE WITH THIOCYANOGEN ((SCN)2), SELENOCYANOGEN ((SECN)2) AND IODOCYANOGEN (ICN)
Authors: FERNANDEZ V. , YERGA I. , MUELLER U. +
Published: April 2016

Durch die in CCl4 bzw. CH2Cl, durchgeführte Titelreaktion wurden die Verbindungen (I) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: MOLYBDENUM‐MOLYBDENUM TRIPLE BOND. 9. BIS(1,3‐DI‐P‐TOLYLTRIAZENIDO)BIS(DIMETHYLAMIDO)DIMETHYLDIMOLYBDENUM
Authors: CHISHOLM M. H. , HAITKO D. A. , HUFFMAN J. C. , FOLTING K.
Published: April 2016

Die M0‐Verbindung (I) reagiert mit dem Triazen (II) zu der Titelverbindung (III) (Ausb. in g), die in der Raumgruppe C2/c mit Z=4 kristallisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE MOLYBDENUM‐MOLYBDENUM TRIPLE BOND. 10. BIS(1,3‐DIPHENYLTRIAZENIDO)‐ AND BIS(2‐OXY‐6‐METHYLPYRIDINO)TETRAISOPROPOXYDIMOLYBDENUM
Authors: CHISHOLM M. H. , FOLTING K. , HUFFMAN J. C. , ROTHWELL I. P.
Published: April 2016

Kohlenwasserstofflösungen von Mo, (O‐iPr)6 reagieren mit 1,3‐Diphenyltriazen oder 2‐Hydroxy‐6‐ methylpyridin zu den Titelkomplexen.
ChemInform Abstract: UNUSUAL SUBSTITUTION REACTION OF (Σ‐ALLYL)MANGANESEPENTACARBONYL WITH 2,3‐BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)‐N‐METHYLMALEIMIDE
Authors: FENSKE D. , BRANDT K. , STOCK P.
Published: April 2016

Der Titelkomplex (I) reagiert mit dem Diphosphinomaleinimid (II) unter Wanderung des Ally1‐Substituenten zu einem diamagnetischen Komplex mit der ungewöhnlichen Struktur (III).
ChemInform Abstract: LIGAND‐INDUCED VALENCE TAUTOMERISM IN MANGANESE‐QUINONE COMPLEXES
Authors: LYNCH M. W. , HENDRICKSON D. N. , FITZGERALD B. J. , PIERPONT C. G.
Published: April 2016

Durch Bestrahlung von Toluollösungen von (I) und (II) wird der luftempfindliche Komplex (III) erhalten (keine Ausb.‐Angaben).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF COORDINATED NITRILES
Authors: CREASER I. I. , HARROWFIELD J. MACB. , KEENE F. R. , SARGESON A. M.
Published: April 2016

Die kinetischen Daten der basischen Hydrolyse des koordinierten Acrylnitrils von (Ia) in Carbonylpufferlösung, die zu dem entsprechenden Acrylamid‐Komplex führt, wurde gemessen und der Mechanismus mit Hilfe von Messungen durch markierten Sauerstoff untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE DINUCLEAR COBALT(III) COMPLEXES (CN)5CO(μ‐CN)CO(NH3)5 AND (CN)5CO(μ‐NC)CO(NH3)5. INTRAMOLECULAR ENERGY TRANSFER BETWEEN METAL CENTERS
Authors: NISHIZAWA M. , FORD P. C.
Published: April 2016

Während der u‐NC‐Titelkomplex sich in wäßriger Lösung einer Photoaquotisierung zu [Co(CN)5 1‐12012 ′ und [Co(NH3)5 CN]2+ unterwirft (254‐365 nm; Quantenausb.
ChemInform Abstract: ECE MECHANISMS AS A TOOL FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF UNSTABLE METAL COMPLEXES. 3. OLAROGRAPHIC STUDIES OF LIGAND DISSOCIATION OF DIBROMOCOBALT(II) A D DIBROMOCOBALT(III) COMPLEXES
Authors: YAMADA A. , YOSHIKUNI T. , TANAKA N.
Published: April 2016

Die Elektrodenreaktionen der Komplexe (I) werden in 0.1 M Na‐acetat‐Puffer1ösung an einer Hg‐Elektrode untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MESO‐IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH A NITROGEN BRIDGING ATOM. 6. POLYMETHINE DYES OF THE THIAZOLO(3,2‐A)QUINOLINIUM 1‐OXIDE SERIES
Authors: GORB L. T. , ROMANOV N. N. , FEDOTOV K. V. , TOLMACHEV A. I.
Published: April 2016

Läßt man auf (2‐Chinolylthio)essigsäure‐derivate (Ia) und (Ib) Acetanhydrid einwirken, so erfolgt Cyclisierung zu den i Verbindungen (IIa) und (IIb), die nicht isoliert, sondern sofort mit verschiedenen Reagentien umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRODUCTION OF THE (MES)‐POC AMINOPROTECTING GROUP WITH THE 1‐METHYL‐3‐(P‐METHYLTHIOPHENYLOXYCARBONYL)IMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE
Authors: GUIBE‐JAMPEL E. , WAKSELMAN M.
Published: April 2016

Das Titelreagenz (III) wird aus dem Methylmercaptophenol (I) über das Phenyloxycarbonylchlorid (II) auf dem skizzierten Wege erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL APPROACH TO THE SYNTHESIS OF A VARIETY OF AMINODEOXY‐α‐D‐GLYCOPYRANOSIDES
Authors: LEMIEUX R. U. , GEORGES F. F. Z. , SMIATACZ Z.
Published: April 2016

Behandlung des Oxims (I) mit wäßrigem Methanol in Gegenwart von Triethylamin liefert neben dem erwarteten Produkt (IIa) auch die dimere (IIb) und trimere Verbindung (IIc).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF O‐(2‐O‐α‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSYL)‐β‐D‐GALACTOPYRANOSIDE OF OPTICALLY PURE Δ‐HYDROXY‐L‐LYSYLGLYCINE AND Δ‐HYDROXY‐L‐LYSYLGLYCYL‐L‐GLUTAMYL‐L‐ASPARTYLGLYCINE. COMPONENTS OF THE GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE
Authors: KOENERS H. J. , SCHATTENKERK C. , VERHOEVEN J. J. , VAN BOOM J. H.
Published: April 2016

Das Lacton (II) (Normal‐ Form, abgetrennt von der allo‐Form), das aus dem Hydroxylysin (I) (Normal‐Form + allo‐Form; Darstellung beschrieben) zugänglich ist, wird mit dem Aminosäureester (III) zum Dipeptid (IV) umgesetzt, dessen Kupplung mit der Halogenose (V) [‐ (VIa)] und nachfolgende Abspaltung der Lävulinylgruppe die Verbindung (VIb) liefern.
ChemInform Abstract: ONE‐STAGE α‐GLUCOSYLATION USING TETRA‐O‐BENZYL‐α‐D‐GLUCOSE AND MIXTURE OF TRIMETHYLSILYL BROMIDE, COBALT(II) BROMIDE, TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE, AND MOLECULAR SIEVE
Authors: MORISHIMA N. , KOTO S. , KUSUHARA C. , ZEN S.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung der Tetrabenzylglucopyranose (I) mit den Alkoholen (II) in Gegenwart von Trimethylsilylbromid (III), Coßrz, Molekularsieb und Tetrabutylam‐ moniumbromid (IV) liefert die Glucoside (V) in sehr guten Ausbeuten.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES. LXXXVII. PURINE CYCLONUCLEOSIDES. XLII. SYNTHESIS OF 2′‐DEOXY‐2′‐FLUOROGUANOSINE
Authors: IKEHARA M. , IMURA J.
Published: April 2016

Auf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg wird das fluorhaltige Nucleosid (IX) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: EPR OF VANADIUM(IV) IN LEAD SILICATE GLASS
Authors: MOMO F. , SOTGIU A. , BAIOCCHI E. , MONTENERO A.
Published: April 2016

In einem mit geringen Mengen an VgOs‐dotierten Glas der Zusammensetzung 61.7 mol‐% SiO2‐38.3 PbO liegt das Vanadium z.T. als VO2+ in tetragonal verzerrter oktaedrischer Umgebung vor.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANS‐AQUATETRAAMMINECHROMIUM(III)‐μ‐HYDROXO‐PENTAAMMINECHROMIUM(III) CHLORIDE TRIHYDRATE (((NH3)4(H2O)CR(OH)CR(NH3)5)CL5.3H2O)
Authors: CLINE S. J. , GLERUP J. , HODGSON D. J. , JENSEN G. S. , PEDERSEN E.
Published: April 2016

Der ausgehend vom trans‐Komplex (I) über das Nitrat (II) synthetisierte Titelkomplex (III) (Ausb. in g) kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe C2/c mit Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: BORON REDISTRIBUTION IN SINTERED α‐SILICON CARBIDE DURING THERMAL OXIDATION
Authors: COSTELLO J. A. , TRESSLER R. E. , TSONG I. S. T.
Published: April 2016

Die Umverteilung des B‐Additives in gesintertem α‐SiC während thermischer Oxidation in Luft im Temp.‐Bereich 1200‐1400°C wird mit Hilfe der Zerstäuber‐induzierten Photonenspektroskopie (SIPS) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION KINETICS OF HOT‐PRESSED AND SINTERED α‐SILICON CARBIDE
Authors: COSTELLO J. A. , TRESSLER R. E.
Published: April 2016

Die beiden Carbidmaterialien verhalten sich im Temp.‐Bereich 1200‐1500 °C ähnlich und werden zuerst (bis zu 100 min) nach einer parabolischen Kinetik oxidiert, während nach längeren Zeiten die Geschwindigkeiten abnehmen.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIONEN VON TELLUR(VI) IN EINER DICHROMATSCHMELZE
Authors: DANIHELKA P. , JENSOVSKY L.
Published: April 2016

Aus einer Schmelze von H2TeO4 oder amorphem K‐tellurat (KzHöTezOlo) in K2Cr2O7 wurde durch Auslaugen mit Wasser ein mikrokristallines braunes, paramagnetisches Pulver der Zusammensetzung (I) isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW TRINUCLEAR AQUA IONS OF MOLYBDENUM
Authors: RICHENS D. T. , SYKES A. G.
Published: April 2016

Das Mo(IV)3‐aquo‐Komplexion ist eine dreikernige Verbindung mit der Struktur (I).
ChemInform Abstract: ABSOLUTE HEATS OF FORMATION FOR GAS‐PHASE CATIONS
Authors: TRAEGER J. C. , MCLOUGHLIN R. G.
Published: April 2016

Die Beziehungen zwischen AH°f298(A ) und den scheinbaren Energien der allgemeinen Prozesse AB + hv ‐ A" + B + e′ werden untersucht und zur Messung der Bildungsenthalpien einiger einfacher Alkylkationen benutzt.
ChemInform Abstract: ACETYL HYPOFLUORITE, THE FIRST MEMBER OF A NEW FAMILY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: ROZEN S. , LERMAN O. , KOL M.
Published: April 2016

trans‐Stilben (II) reagiert mit Acetylhypofluorit (I) zu einem Gemisch der Addukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CARBOXYPEPTIDASE A CATALYSIS OF AN α,β‐ELIMINATION REACTION
Authors: NASHED N. T. , KAISER E. T.
Published: April 2016

Aus der (+)‐Phenyl‐ thio‐propionsäure (I), die durch Addition von 4‐Nitro‐thiophenol an 3‐Benzoyl‐propen‐ säure, Racematspaltung über das Salz aus dem entsprechenden Ethylenketal und (+)‐ α‐Methyl‐benzylamin sowie anschließende saure Hydrolyse erhalten wird, nicht aber aus dem (‐)‐Enantiomer, lassen sich durch das Tite.lenzym (CPA) in Gegenwart von 4‐Morpholino‐propansulfonsäure die Ketosäure (II) und das Thiophenol (III) freisetzen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PH JUMP: A RAPID MODULATION OF PH OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY A LASER PULSE
Authors: GUTMAN M. , HUPPERT D. , PINES E.
Published: April 2016

Unter Verwendung hochintensiver (N 50 mJ) kurzer Laserpulse zur Anregung der Verbindungen 8‐Hydroxypyren‐l ,3,6‐trisulfonat oder 2‐Naphthol‐3,6‐disulfonat, die Protonen emittieren, werden wäßrige Lösungen sauer.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETIC AND MICELLAR EFFECTS ON PHOTOREACTIONS. 2. MAGNETIC ISOTOPE EFFECTS ON QUANTUM YIELDS AND MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS ON SEPARATION EFFICIENCY. CORRELATION OF CARBON‐13 ENRICHMENT PARAMETERS WITH QUANTUM YIELD MEASUREMENTS
Authors: TURRO N. J. , ANDERSON D. R. , CHOW M.‐F. , CHUNG C.‐J. , KRAEUTLER B.
Published: April 2016

Während die Quantenausbeuten für die Photolyse von Dibenzylketon und seinem [l‐′3C]‐ Isotopomer in Benzol 0.70 und 0.72 betragen, verstärkt sich der Unterschied zwischen beiden Werten (0.30 bzw.0.22) in mizellarer Hexadecyl‐trimethylammoniumchlorid‐ Lösung.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE EPOXIDATION OF OLEFINS BY MOLYBDENUM PORPHYRIN CATALYZED PEROXY‐BOND HETEROLYSIS
Authors: LEDON H. J. , DURBUT P. , VARESCON F.
Published: April 2016

Komplexe des 5,10,15,20‐Tetraphenyl‐porphyrins (TPP) mit Mo(V) vom Typ [OMo(TPP)OCH3] katalysieren bei 80°C in Benzol unter Ar die Epoxidation von Olefinen wie Cyclohexen durch tert.‐Butylhydroperoxid, wobei nach einer Induktionsperiode von 40 min innerhalb von 17 h mit gleichbleibender Geschwindigkeit das gesamte Hydroperoxid umgesetzt und das Epoxid mit einer Selektivität von 84% gebildet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATIONS OF CYCLOPROPANE, METHYLCYCLOPROPANE, AND ARENES WITH THE MONO‐OXYGENASE SYSTEM FROM METHYLOCOCCUS CAPSULATUS
Authors: DALTON H. , GOLDING B. T. , WATERS B. W. , HIGGINS R. , TAYLOR J. A.
Published: April 2016

Cyclopropan (I) ergibt in Gegenwart von Luft und dem im Titel genannten Enzymsystem Cyclopropanol (II).
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION‐REDUCTION REACTIONS BETWEEN SODIUM SULFINATE AND VARIOUSLY OXIDIZED DERIVATIVES OF DISULFIDES AND SULFINIC ESTERS
Authors: LAZAR J. , VINKLER E.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktionen der verschiedenen oxidierten Disulfide (I), (III) und (VI) mit Na‐p‐toluolsulfinat (II) in DMF werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF CIS‐2,5‐DISUBSTITUTED TETRAHYDROFURANS AND CIS‐ AND TRANS‐LINALYL OXIDES
Authors: RYCHNOVSKY S. D. , BARTLETT P. A.
Published: April 2016

An einer Reihe von Beispielen wird der Substituenteneinfluß auf die Cyclisierung von ungesättigten Ethern des Typs (I) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCONTROL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ANTIFEEDING SUBSTANCES WITH THE PERHYDROFURO(2,3‐B)FURAN RING SYSTEM FOR INSECTS
Authors: KOJIMA Y. , KATO N.
Published: April 2016

Zur Untersuchung der Strukturabhängigkeit der fraß‐ hemmenden Wirkung gegenüber Sodoptera litura F‐Larven ′ Perhydrofurofuran‐Derivate synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NEW 4‐N‐THIENYLIDENEAMINO AND 4‐N‐FURFURYLIDENEAMINO DIARYL SULFIDES AND SULFONES
Authors: YOUSSEF M. S. K. , EL‐EZBAWY S. R. , ABDEL‐WAHAB A. A.
Published: April 2016

Die aus dem Aminothiophenol (I) und den Nitrophenylhalogeniden (II) erhaltenen Sulfide (III) werden zu den Sulfonen (IV) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2,3‐DISUBSTITUTED INDOLES UNDER MILD CONDITIONS
Authors: BACCOLINI G. , TODESCO P. E.
Published: April 2016

Phenylhydrazin (I) und die Ketone (II) reagieren in Gegenwart von Phosphortrichlorid zu den Indolen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NITROHETEROCYCLICS OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC INTEREST. I. SYNTHESIS, POLAROGRAPHY AND ANTIPARASITIC ACTIVITIES OF THIAZOLE AND PYRIDINE ANALOGS
Authors: BOURDAIS J. , DAUVILLIER P. , GAYRAL P. , RIGOTHIER M. C. , TIMON‐DAVID P. , JULIEN J. , GASQUET M. , DELMAS F. , JAMOULLE J.‐C. , LAPIERE C.‐L.
Published: April 2016

Die Thioether (II) bzw. (V) werden aus dem Bromthiazol (I) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME 4‐THIAZOLIDINONE DERIVATIVES FROM 4‐(3‐CYCLOALKENYL)THIOSEMICARBAZONES
Authors: SMOLANKA I. V. , MAN'O N. P. , KRASNITSKAYA T. A.
Published: April 2016

Die Thiosemicarbazone (I) reagieren mit Chloressigsäure (II) oder Maleinsäureanhydrid (VI) zu Pseudothiohydantoin‐Derivaten (III) bzw. (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF NAPHTHO(2,3‐C)PYRAN‐5,10‐QUINONES USING CERIC AMMONIUM NITRATE
Authors: CHORN T. A. , GILES R. G. F. , MITCHELL P. R. K. , GREEN I. R.
Published: April 2016

Das Acetylnaphthochinon (Ia) ergibt mit Buttersäure in Gegenwart von Silbernitrat und Kaliumperoxodisulfat das Propylderivat (Ib), das zum Naphthalindimethylether (II) reduktiv methyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STERIC STRUCTURE OF OXIMES OF 2‐ARYLIDENE‐3‐OXOQUINUCLIDINES
Authors: FILIPENKO T. YA. , GORBYLEVA O. I. , TURCHIN K. F. , ANISIMOVA O. S. , PERESLENI E. M. , MIKHLINA E. E. , SHEINKER YU. N. , YAKHONTOV L. N.
Published: April 2016

Durch Erhitzen von 3‐Oxochinuclidin (I) mit aromatischen Aldehyden (II) in Gegenwart von Alkali werden die cis‐Aryliden‐oxo‐chinuclidine (III) erhalten, die bei einer Behandlung mit gasförmigem Chlorwasserstoff in die trans‐Isomeren (IV) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND THERMAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF QUATERNARY SALTS IN 5,7‐DIOXOTETRAHYDRO‐VIC‐TRIAZOLO(4,5‐D)PYRIMIDINE (8‐AZAXANTHINE)
Authors: KOLESOVA M. B. , MURAVICH‐ALEKSANDR KH. L. , SMIRNOVA N. V. , GIRSHOVICH M. Z.
Published: April 2016

Einflüsse des Methylierungsmittels auf den Verlauf der Quaternisierung der Titelverbindungen werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: CUMULATED YLIDES. XI. REACTION OF ISOCYANATES AND ISOTHIOCYANATES WITH (2,2‐DIETHOXYVINYLIDENE)TRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANE
Authors: BESTMANN H. J. , SAALFRANK R. W.
Published: April 2016

Das Titel‐P‐Ylid reagiert mit den Isocyanaten und Isothiocyanaten in einer [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition zu den Acetalen (III) der 6‐Oxopyrimidin‐Derivate (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAZENE AND ITS DERIVATIVES. PART 10. PREPARATION OF SILYLATED LITHIUM TETRAZENIDES
Authors: WIBERG N. , BAYER H. , VASISHT S. K.
Published: April 2016

Durch Reaktion von Butyllithium mit Tris‐ oder Bis‐[trimethylsilyl]‐tetrazen werden die extrem hydrolyseempfindlichen und an Luft entzündlichen Feststoffe (II), (IV) und (VII) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION‐METAL COMPLEXES OF PYRROLE PIGMENTS. 18. REDOX BEHAVIORS OF OXOMOLYBDENUM(V) COMPLEXES FORMED WITH MACROCYCLIC TETRAPYRROLES
Authors: MATSUDA Y. , YAMADA S. , MURAKAMI Y.
Published: April 2016

Das Redoxverhalten der Titelkomplexe (I) und (II) wurde in CH2Cl2 mittels cyclischer Voltammetrie und Potential‐kontrollierter Elektrolyse untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF, AND REACTIONS WITH, METAL‐CONTAINING HETEROCYCLICS. XIII. PREPARATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF NEW MANGANA‐ AND RHENAPHOSPHACYCLOALKANES BY SUBSTITUTION AND REDUCTIVE CYCLOELIMINATION WITH Ω‐CHLORO‐1‐(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)ALKANES
Authors: LINDNER E. , FUNK G. , HOEHNE S.
Published: April 2016

Die drei‐ bis sechsgliedrigen Mangana‐ und Rhenaphacycloalkane (V) werden durch reduktive Cycloeliminierung der Phosphin‐Komplexe (IV) mit Na‐Amalgam erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON TRANSFER. 48. REDOX BRIDGES FEATURING BROKEN CONJUGATION. VARIATION ON IN THE INSULATING FRAGMENT
Authors: SRINIVASAN V. S. , RADLOWSKI C. A. , GOULD E. S.
Published: April 2016

Die spezifischen Geschwindigkeiten der Reduktion der Reihe der Komplexe (I), in denen ein aktivierter Pyridinring durch ein gesättigtes oder partiell gesättigtes Fragment von der COOCo(III)‐Gruppe entfernt ist, mittels Cr", Eu" und V" werden miteinander verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF COPPER(II) COMPLEXES WITH MACROCYCLIC AMINE LIGANDS
Authors: MURALIDHARAN S. , FERRAUDI G.
Published: April 2016

Die photochemischen Eigenschaften der Cu(II)‐Komplexe (I) und ihrer Acido‐Derivate (II) mit dem Liganden in racemischer und in meso‐Form werden durch kontinuierliche und Blitzlicht‐Bestrahlungen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: HALOGEN ADDITIONS TO BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)METHANE COMPLEXES OF PALLADIUM. INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF MONOMERIC AND DIMERIC COMPLEXES OF PD(II), PD(I), AND PD(0)
Authors: HUNT C. T. , BALCH A. L.
Published: April 2016

Anhand von 1H‐ und 31P‐NMR‐spektroskopischen Untersuchungen wird gezeigt, daß die durch Addition von Halogenen oder Pentafluorphenyldisulfid an (I) gebildeten Dimeren (II) (Pd‐Pd) bei weiterer Oxidation mit X2 die monomeren Chelatkomplexe (IV) über die Intermediärprodukte (III) durch Spaltung der Pd‐Pd‐Bindung bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOMETALATION OF 2‐(2‐THIENYL)PYRIDINE AND 2‐(3‐THIENYL)PYRIDINE WITH PALLADIUM(II), RHODIUM(III) AND RUTHENIUM(II)
Authors: NONOYAMA M. , KAJITA S.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelpyridinliganden reagieren mit Li‐tetrachloro‐ bzw. ‐tetrabromopalladat( II), Hexachloro‐ bzw. ‐bromotetrakis‐[tri‐nbutylphosphin]‐dirhodium und Tetrachlorohexacarbonyldiruthenium(II) zu den Cyclometallierungsprodukten (I), (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CINNAMOLIDE AND POLYGODIAL
Authors: HOWELL S. C. , LEY S. V. , MAHON M. , WORTHINGTON P. A.
Published: April 2016

Das Trimethylvinylcyclohexen (I) reagiert mit dem Acetylen (II) zum Cycloaddukt (III), das in Gegenwart von Spuren Salzsäure zum Monoen (IV) hydriert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL SYNTHETIC APPROACH TO THE ECDYSONE SIDE CHAIN VIA FURAN DERIVATIVES
Authors: KAMETANI T. , TSUBUKI M. , NEMOTO H.
Published: April 2016

Pregnenolon‐acetat (I) wird mit 2‐Lithiomethyl‐furan umgesetzt und weiter in das Olefin (III) umgewandelt, das über die angegebenen Zwischenstufen (IV) und (V) in das Ketol (VII) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: GLYCOSYLOXYSELENATION‐DESELENATION OF GLYCALS: A NEW APPROACH TO 2′‐DEOXY‐DISACCHARIDES
Authors: JAURAND G. , BEAU J.‐M. , SINAY P.
Published: April 2016

Durch Umsetzung des Tri‐O‐benzyl‐glucals (I) mit Phenylselenylchlorid und anschließend mit 1,2:3,4‐Di‐O‐isopropyliden‐a‐D‐galaktopyranose/2,4,67Trimethylpyridin erhält man bei Raumtemperatur ein Gemisch der Disaccharide (IIa) und (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINES. 18. SYNTHESIS OF 8‐CHLOROMORPHINANDIENONES AND 8‐CHLOROHOMOMORPHINANDIENONES
Authors: HARA H. , HOSHINO O. , UMEZAWA B.
Published: April 2016

Die aus den Tetrahydroisochinolinolen (I) hergestellten p‐Chinolacetate (II) cyclisieren bei der Behandlung mit Trifluoressigsäure zu Morphinandienonen (IIIa) und Homomorphinandienonen (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROTHERMAL INTERACTIONS OF BASALTS WITH CESIUM AND STRONTIUM OF SPENT FUEL ELEMENTS. IMPLICATIONS TO BASALT AS A NUCLEAR WASTE REPOSITORY
Authors: KOMARNENI S. , SCHEETZ B. E.
Published: April 2016

Einige Cs‐Verbindungen wie Cs,‐ MoO4, CsOH, CsI und β‐Cs,U,O‐" die möglicherweise Komponenten abgebrannter Kernbrennstoffelemente darstellen (keine gesicherte Kenntnis der Phasenzusammen‐ Setzung), reagieren mit Basalt oder Basaltphasen unter hydrothermalen Bedingungen (lOO‐300 °C, 300 bar) hauptsächlich zu Pollucit, CsAlSi2O6 und in einigen Fällen zu CsAlSiO4.
ChemInform Abstract: ALUMINUM‐27 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF ALUMINUM(III). PART 4. HYDROLYSIS USING SODIUM CARBONATE
Authors: AKITT J. W. , FARTHING A.
Published: April 2016

Hydrolyse mit Na2CO3 in der kürzest möglichen Zeit und ohne anschließende Alterung führt zu Lösungen, deren Zusammensetzung vom erreichten Hydrolysegrad abhängt und die verschiedene Anteile an [Al(OH)6 13+ 9 [(H2O)4AI(OH)2AI(OH2)4 14" und [AIO4AI"(OH)24(OH2)I2 17 enthält.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGH TEMPERATURE TORSIONAL LOW CYCLE FATIGUE OF OFHC COPPER
Authors: ARAN A. , GUECER D. E. +
Published: April 2016

Torsions‐Wech‐ ′selversuche an Reinkupfer im Temp.‐Bereich 293‐668 K zeigen, daß Cu sich bei cyclischer Beanspruchung verfestigt und die Gesamtverformung für die Verfestigung für verschiedene Verformungsamplituden annähernd konstant ist.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGH/LOW MODULUS SILICON NITRIDE‐BORON NITRIDE COMPOSITE FOR IMPROVED ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL SHOCK BEHAVIOR
Authors: MAZDIYASNI K. S. , RUH R.
Published: April 2016

Hochdichte Si3N4‐BN‐Verbundstoffe′(mit 5‐50% BN), die bei 1750°C mit 6% CeO2 heißgepreßt wurden, weisen verbessertes elektrisches und Wärmeschockverhalten auf.
ChemInform Abstract: DYNAMIC NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND X‐RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF TRIS(DIPHENYLTHIOPHOSPHORYL)METHANE AND SOME RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: COLQUHOUN I. J. , MCFARLANE W. , BASSETT J.‐M. , GRIM S. O.
Published: April 2016

3′ P‐NM R‐Spektren der Verbindungen (I) im Bereich von ‐10O bis +40°C zeigen, daß die innere Rotation um die P‐Methin‐C‐Bindung in (Ia) im wesentlichen ungehindert, in (Ib) und (Ic) aber eingeschränkt ist.
ChemInform Abstract: A NESTING CONFORMATION OF THE 5′‐BROMO‐1′,3′‐XYLYL‐18‐CROWN‐5‐TERT.‐BUTYLAMMONIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE COMPLEX; THE CORRELATION OF THE STRUCTURES OF CROWN ETHER COMPLEXES IN THE SOLID STATE AND IN SOLUTION
Authors: REINHOUDT D. N. , DEN HERTOG H. J. JUN. , DE JONG F.
Published: April 2016

Die Struktur des Komplexes (I) wird über röntgenographische Untersuchungen bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND COMPLEXING PROPERTIES OF CHIRAL MACROCYCLES CONTAINING ENFORCED CAVITIES
Authors: HELGESON R. C. , MAZALEYRAT J.‐P. , CRAM D. J.
Published: April 2016

Das (R)‐Binaphthyldibromid (I) läßt sich in THF bei ‐80 °Cmit sek. Butyl‐Li umsetzen und anschließend, als stark verdünnte Lösung zu Fe(III)‐acetylacetonat in Benzol zugegeben, zu Sphäranden mit 3‐5 Binaphthyleinheiten wie z.B. (II) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: EQUILIBRIUMS OF SOME α‐AMINO‐ACIDS CONTAINING SULFUR ATOMS IN THE CHAIN WITH METAL(II) IONS. PART 1. DL‐4,4′‐DITHIOBIS(2‐AMINOBUTYRIC) ACID WITH MANGANESE(II), COBALT(II), AND NICKEL(II) IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: BIGOLI F. , LEPORATI E. , PELLINGHELLI M. A.
Published: April 2016

Die Komplexbildung zwischen dem Titelliganden und den Titelmetalli‐onen in wäßriger Lösung wird in Abhängigkeit vom pH‐Wert untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: OPENING OF CYCLIC ACETALS BY TRICHLORO‐, DICHLORO‐, AND TRIBROMOBORANE
Authors: BONNER T. G. , LEWIS D. , RUTTER K.
Published: April 2016

Der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt in der Ringöffnung der cyclischen Acetale (I) durch BCl3 zu den α‐Chlorethern (IV) steht im Einklang mit der Bildung eines 0x0‐ carbeniumions.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF CARBONYL OXIDES. CHARACTERISTIC NUCLEOPHILIC OXYGEN ATOM TRANSFER FROM R2COO BESIDE ELECTROPHILIC AND RADICAL REACTIONS
Authors: SAWAKI Y. , KATO H. , OGATA Y.
Published: April 2016

Während die direkte Photooxidation des Diazomethans (IIa) in Gegenwart von Methanol den Methylether (Ia) ergibt, werden durch die z.B. mit Methylenblau sensibilisierte Photoreaktion von (IIb) über das nach MINDO/3‐Rechnungen zwitterionische Carbonyloxid das Hydroperoxid (III), das Keton (IV) neben (Ib) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS. IV. CARBENE ADDITIONS TO (4)RADIALENE
Authors: TRABERT L. , HOPF H. , SCHOMBURG D.
Published: April 2016

Die Carbene (IIa) bzw. (IIb), erzeugt aus CHCl3 mit Benzyltriethylammoniumchlorid/NaOH bei 20°C bzw. aus CHBr3 mit KO‐tBu bei ‐30 °C, reagieren in situ mit [4]Radialen (I) zu den entsprechenden isomeren Bisaddukten (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF TERTIARY ALKYL, BENZYL, AND ALLYL HALIDES TO HYDROCARBONS USING LITHIUM 9,9‐DI‐N‐BUTYL‐9‐BORABICYCLO(3.3.1)NONANATE
Authors: TOI H. , YAMAMOTO Y. , SONODA A. , MURAHASHI S.‐I.
Published: April 2016

Die Halogenide (I) werden mit l Moläquiv. des Titelreagenzes (ID in Hexan bei 20°C selektiv zu den Kohlenwasserstoffen (III) dehalogeniert.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐AMINO ACIDS AS NUCLEOPHILIC ACYL EQUIVALENTS. V. STERICALLY DIRECTED MICHAEL ADDITION OF OXAZOLIN‐5‐ONE ANIONS TO ACTIVATED DOUBLE BONDS; SYNTHESIS OF 1,4‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS AND Γ‐OXONITRILES
Authors: WEGMANN H. , STEGLICH W.
Published: April 2016

Oxazolinone vom Typ (II) [zugänglich aus den geschützten Aminosäuren (I)], die in 2‐Stellung mit einem sperrigen Rest blockiert sind, addieren die Olefine (III) . regioselektiv am C‐4 unter Bildung der Derivate (IV), von denen (IVa)‐(IVe) bzw. (IVf)‐(IVg) zu den Aminosäuren (V) bzw. (VI) hydrolysiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTIONS OF SOME 1,1,1‐TRIBROMOALKYL SYSTEMS WITH THIOLATE ANIONS
Authors: BAIRD M. S. , HOORFAR A. , MITRA M.
Published: April 2016

2,2,2‐Tribromethyl‐benzol (I) wird durch (II) je nach Mengenverhältnis zum Dibromstyrol (III) bzw. zu den isomeren w‐Brom‐styrolen (IV) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTION OF AROMATIC β‐NITROSULFONES WITH ELECTROPHILIC AGENTS
Authors: NEPLYUEV V. M. , SINENKO T. A. , PEL'KIS P. S.
Published: April 2016

Arylsulfonyl‐nitromethane (I) reagieren mit Diazoniumsalzen (II) zu den Arylsulfonyl‐arylhydrazono‐nitromethanen (IIIa)‐(IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ISOMERIC 2‐AMINO‐1,3‐DIHYDROXYINDANES FROM NINHYDRIN
Authors: CROOKS P. A. , DEEKS T. , DESIMONE F. , RAMUNDO E.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese der im Titel genannten Verbindungen (IV)‐(VI) erfolgt durch Kondensation von Ninhydrin (I) mit Carbonsäureamiden (II) zu 2‐Hydroxyindanderivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF N‐ACYL‐ AND N‐SULFONYLINDOLES
Authors: KIKUGAWA Y.
Published: April 2016

Die selektive Acylierung und Sulfonylierung von Indolen (I) am Stickstoff gelingt mit Säurechloriden (II) in Gegenwart von gepulvertem Kaliumhydroxid.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON DUBOISIA SPECIES. PART 6. 1,3‐CYCLOADDITION OF DIAZOMETHANE TO ALKAMINE AND METHYL α‐METHYLENEPHENYLACETATE
Authors: KAGEI K. , OGATA Y. , KUNI T. , HAYASHI K. , TOYOSHIMA S. , MATSUURA S.
Published: April 2016

Die 1,3‐Cycloaddition von Diazomethan (II) mit den α‐Methylenphenylessigsäureestern (Ia)‐(Ic) von Metha‐ nol, Tropin und Scopin liefert die 3‐Pheny1‐3‐alkoxycarbonyl‐1‐pyrazoline (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF 4,6‐DIALKYL‐2H,8H‐BENZO(1,2‐B; 5,4‐B′)DIPYRAN‐2,8‐DIONES
Authors: ELKASABY M. A. , SALEM M. A. I.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung der Polyhydroxybenzole (I) mit den β‐Ketoestern (II) liefert die Pyranocumarine (III), die auch aus (I) und den Propiolestern (IV) erhalten werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: TWO NEW XANTHONES, CALOZEYLOXANTHONE AND ZEYLOXANTHONONE, FROM CALOPHYLLUM ZEYLANICUM (GUTTIFERAE)
Authors: GUNASKERA S. P. , SOTHEESWARAN S. , SULTANBAWA M. U. S.
Published: April 2016

Den beiden aus der Rinde von C. zeylanicum neben anderen bekannten Verbindungen isolierten Titelxanthonen werden aufgrund chemischer Reaktionen, UV‐, 1H‐, 13C‐NMR‐ sowie massenspektroskopischer Untersuchungen und Vergleichen die Strukturen (I) bzw. (II) zuerkannt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF 1,8‐DIAZASPIRO(4,5)DECANES
Authors: VAN PARYS M. , VANDEWALLE M.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von Benzyloxopyridin (I) wird über (II) das Spirodecandion (III) ( mit einer Gesamtausb.
ChemInform Abstract: FURO(3,2‐B)PYRIDINE AND THIENO(3,2‐B)PYRIDINE
Authors: HICKSON C. L. , MCNAB H.
Published: April 2016

Aus den ungesättigten Aldehyden (I) stellt man die O‐Alkyloxime (II) dar, deren Vakuumpyrolyse in geringen Ausbeuten zu anellierten Pyridin‐Derivaten (III) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOPHENE AS A STRUCTURAL ELEMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES. PART 9. THIENOPYRAZINE 1,4‐DIOXIDES
Authors: BINDER D. , NOE C. R. , GEISSLER F. , HILLEBRAND F.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese der beiden isomeren Thienopyrazin‐l ,4‐dioxide (IV) und (VIII) wird ausgehend von den Diaminothiophenen (I) und (VI) durch Ringschluß mit Diacetyl (II) und anschließende Oxidation beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: S‐TRIAZINES. XII. CONDENSATION OF GUANIDINE WITH HEXAFLUOROACETONE IMINE
Authors: DAVYDOV A. V.
Published: April 2016

Hexa‐ fluoraceton‐imin (I) reagiert mit Guanidin‐carbonat (II) zur Verbindung (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF N‐ACYLATED 1‐AMINOALKYLDIPHENYLPHOSPHINE OXIDES BY AMIDOALKYLATION OF DIPHENYLCHLOROPHOSPHINE
Authors: OLEKSYSZYN J.
Published: April 2016

Die Kondensation von Amiden (I), Aldehyden (II) und Chlordiphenylphosphin (III) führt in mäßigen Ausbeuten zu Phosphinoxiden (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: IR‐SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE REACTION OF DIETHYLANILIDOPHOSPHITE AND DIETHYL ESTER OF N,N′‐DIPHENYLAMIDINOPHOSPHONIC ACID WITH PHENYL ISOCYANATE
Authors: BAKHITOV M. I. , ZHARKOV V. V. , KUZNETSOV E. V. , KHAZEEVA Z. KH.
Published: April 2016

Mit Hilfe der IR‐Spektroskopie wird festgestellt, daß Diethylanilidophosphit (I) mit Phenyl‐isocyanat (II) im Molverhältnis 1:2 zunächst zu Diphenylcarbodiimid (III) und dem Diethylester (IV) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MIXED COMPLEXES. THE COPPER(II) COMPLEX WITH 2,2′‐BIPYRIDYL AND OXYDIACETATE
Authors: BONOMO R. P. , RIZZARELLI E. , BRESCIANI PAHOR N. , NARDIN G.
Published: April 2016

Der Titelkomplex (I) wurde durch Reaktion der stöchiometrischen Menge Bipyridyl in HzO/EtOH mit einer 150 heißen wäßrigen Lösung des Cu(II)‐oxydiacetats dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: STABLE DIMERIC COMPLEXES WITH SULFUR MONOXIDE LIGAND: FORMATION OF (RH(SO)X(PPH3))2 (X = CL OR BR)
Authors: ARULSAMY K. S. , PANDEY K. K. , AGARWALA U. C.
Published: April 2016

Die diamagnetischen Titelkomplexe (III) werden durch Umsetzung der Halogeno‐tris‐[phosphin]‐Rh(I)‐Komplexe (I) mit Stilbenepisulfoxid (II) unter Eliminierung von Stilben, Triphenylphosphinoxid und ‐sulfid gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRICAL CLEAVAGE OF HALIDE‐BRIDGED PLATINUM DIMERS
Authors: CROSS R. J. , PHILLIPS I. G.
Published: April 2016

Bei Zugabe eines molaren Äquiv.
ChemInform Abstract: EPOXIDE CONFIGURATION IN 3β‐ACETOXY‐7α‐HYDROXY‐14,15‐EPOXYAPOTIRUCALLANE PREPARED FROM TIRUCALLA‐7,24‐DIEN‐3‐ONE. X‐RAY ANALYSIS
Authors: MERRIEN A. , MEUNIER B. , PASCARD C. , POLONSKY J.
Published: April 2016

Das aus dem Tirucallol‐ Derivat (Ia) zugängliche Acetat (Ib) wird in das Epoxid (II) übergeführt, dessen "apo"‐ Umlagerungsprodukt (IIIa) zu dem Titelepoxid (IVa) (Struktur durch Röntgenkristallanalyse sichergestellt) oxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE ALKALOIDS JULANDINE AND IPALBIDINE. USE OF SILICON(IV) CHLORIDE
Authors: CRAGG J. E. , HEDGES S. H. , HERBERT R. B.
Published: April 2016

Use of Silicon (IV) Chloride.‐ Das N‐Styryl‐piperidinderivat (I) kann mit Friedel‐Crafts‐Katalysatoren, deren spezifische Wirksamkeit untersucht wird, zum Alkaloid Julandin (II) cyclisiert und reduziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: BACTOBOLINS, ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS FROM PSEUDOMONAS. 2. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: MUNAKATA T.
Published: April 2016

Bactobolin (Ia) wird mit verschiedenen Aminosäuren, Chlorkohlensäurederivaten und Methansulfonylchlorid in die entsprechenden N‐Acylderivate (Ib)‐(Id) übergeführt, deren antimikrobielle Aktivität diskutiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRAL SYNTHESIS OF (2S,3S,7S)‐3,7‐DIMETHYLPENTADECAN‐2‐YL ACETATE AND PROPIONATE, POTENTIAL SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF THE PINE SAW‐FLY NEODIPRION SERTIFER (GEOFF.)
Authors: BYSTROEM S. + , HOEGBERG H.‐E. + , NORIN T.
Published: April 2016

Die Li‐Verbindung (I) reagiert mit dem Lacton (II) zu dem Ketoalkohol (III) und dem Ringisomeren (IV), die bei der Huang‐Minlon‐Reduktion den Alkohol (Va) liefern.
Br⊘nsted Acid Catalyzed gem‐Difluoroallylation of Aldehydes and Ketone with β‐Tosyloxy‐γ,γ‐difluroallylboronic Acid Pinacol Ester
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Xingang
Published: April 2016

A shelf‐stable gem‐difluorinated reagent β‐tosyloxy‐γ,γ‐difluroallylboronic acid pinacol ester has been prepared, which can be easily used for the preparation of gem‐difluorinated homoallylic alcohols through Br⊘nsted acid (PhCO2H) catalyzed gem‐difluoroallylation of aldehydes and ketone.
Chromium and Aluminum Phytotoxicity in Maize: Morpho‐Physiological Responses and Metal Uptake
Authors: Anjum Shakeel Ahmad , Ashraf Umair , Khan Imran , Tanveer Mohsin , Ali Muqarrab , Hussain Imtyaz , Wang Long Chang
Published: April 2016

The present study investigated the uptake, translocation, and accumulation of chromium (Cr6+) and aluminum (Al3+) in maize and their induced variations in morpho‐physiological and biochemical attributes as well as growth behavior and yield formation. Plants were grown in pots supplied with heavy metals, alone and in combination (chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al) and chromium + aluminum (Cr + Al)) while pots without adding Cr or Al were regarded as control. Metal stress considerably reduced growth and yield related attributes as well as photosynthetic pigments of maize. However, production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thiobarbituric acid and activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and ascorbic acid were substantially increased under Cr and Al stress. A significant increase in soluble sugars and total phenolic contents were recorded in plants exposed to Cr and Al stress. Furthermore, all physiological attributes were increased with plant age except chlorophyll. Interestingly, Cr alone was proved more toxic to maize than Al alone. Cr and Al accumulation varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05) among different plant organs as roots > stem > leaves > corn ear > grains, whereas degrees of translocations were higher from stem to other plant parts than roots to stem. Accumulation of Cr and Al in either above‐ or below‐ground plant parts are negatively correlated with grains and biological yield. The overall trend of metal stress on plant growth and yield were perceived as: Cr + Al > Cr > Al > control. Furthermore, synergistic effects of Cr + Al were more prominent than the individual effects of Cr and Al alone.
Fabrication of 3 D Mesoporous Black TiO2/MoS2/TiO2 Nanosheets for Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalysis
Authors: Liu Xuefeng , Xing Zipeng , Zhang Hang , Wang Wenmei , Zhang Yan , Li Zhenzi , Wu Xiaoyan , Yu Xiujuan , Zhou Wei
Published: April 2016

A novel 3 D mesoporous black TiO2 (MBT)/MoS2/MBT sandwich‐like nanosheet was successfully fabricated using a facile mechanochemical process combined with an in situ solid‐state chemical reduction approach, followed by mild calcination (350 °C) under an argon atmosphere. The MBT/MoS2/MBT exhibits a 3 D sandwich‐like nanosheet structure and heterojunctions are formed at the interfaces between MoS2 and black TiO2. The significantly narrowed band gap of MBT/MoS2/MBT is attributed to the introduction of MoS2 and the formed Ti3+ species in the frameworks. The visible‐light photocatalytic degradation rate of methyl orange and the hydrogen production rate are as high as 89.86 % and 0.56 mmol h−1 g−1, respectively. The introduction of MoS2 and Ti3+ in the frameworks favors the visible‐light absorption and the separation of photogenerated charges, and the 3 D sandwich‐like heterojunction structure facilitates the transfer of photogenerated charges.
Management adaptation of invertebrate fisheries to an extreme marine heat wave event at a global warming hot spot
Authors: Caputi Nick , Kangas Mervi , Denham Ainslie , Feng Ming , Pearce Alan , Hetzel Yasha , Chandrapavan Arani
Published: April 2016

An extreme marine heat wave which affected 2000 km of the midwest coast of Australia occurred in the 2010/11 austral summer, with sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies of 2–5°C above normal climatology. The heat wave was influenced by a strong Leeuwin Current during an extreme La Niña event at a global warming hot spot in the Indian Ocean. This event had a significant effect on the marine ecosystem with changes to seagrass/algae and coral habitats, as well as fish kills and southern extension of the range of some tropical species. The effect has been exacerbated by above‐average SST in the following two summers, 2011/12 and 2012/13. This study examined the major impact the event had on invertebrate fisheries and the management adaption applied. A 99% mortality of Roei abalone (Haliotis roei) and major reductions in recruitment of scallops (Amusium balloti), king (Penaeus latisulcatus) and tiger (P. esculentus) prawns, and blue swimmer crabs were detected with management adapting with effort reductions or spatial/temporal closures to protect the spawning stock and restocking being evaluated. This study illustrates that fisheries management under extreme temperature events requires an early identification of temperature hot spots, early detection of abundance changes (preferably using pre‐recruit surveys), and flexible harvest strategies which allow a quick response to minimize the effect of heavy fishing on poor recruitment to enable protection of the spawning stock. This has required researchers, managers, and industry to adapt to fish stocks affected by an extreme environmental event that may become more frequent due to climate change.
Microhabitat selection in the common lizard: implications of biotic interactions, age, sex, local processes, and model transferability among populations
Authors: Peñalver‐Alcázar Miguel , Aragón Pedro , Breedveld Merel C. , Fitze Patrick S.
Published: April 2016

Modeling species' habitat requirements are crucial to assess impacts of global change, for conservation efforts and to test mechanisms driving species presence. While the influence of abiotic factors has been widely examined, the importance of biotic factors and biotic interactions, and the potential implications of local processes are not well understood. Testing their importance requires additional knowledge and analyses at local habitat scale. Here, we recorded the locations of species presence at the microhabitat scale and measured abiotic and biotic parameters in three different common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) populations using a standardized sampling protocol. Thereafter, space use models and cross‐evaluations among populations were run to infer local processes and estimate the importance of biotic parameters, biotic interactions, sex, and age. Biotic parameters explained more variation than abiotic parameters, and intraspecific interactions significantly predicted the spatial distribution. Significant differences among populations in the relationship between abiotic parameters and lizard distribution, and the greater model transferability within populations than between populations are in line with effects predicted by local adaptation and/or phenotypic plasticity. These results underline the importance of including biotic parameters and biotic interactions in space use models at the population level. There were significant differences in space use between sexes, and between adults and yearlings, the latter showing no association with the measured parameters. Consequently, predictive habitat models at the population level taking into account different sexes and age classes are required to understand a specie's ecological requirements and to allow for precise conservation strategies. Our study therefore stresses that future predictive habitat models at the population level and their transferability should take these parameters into account.
Medical resource use and expenditure in patients with chronic heart failure: a population‐based analysis of 88 195 patients
Authors: Farré Nuria , Vela Emili , Clèries Montse , Bustins Montse , Cainzos‐Achirica Miguel , Enjuanes Cristina , Moliner Pedro , Ruiz Sonia , Verdú‐Rotellar Jose Maria , Comín‐Colet Josep
Published: April 2016

Aims

Heart failure (HF) is one of the diseases with greater healthcare expenditure. However, little is known about the cost of HF at a population level. Hence, our aim was to study the population‐level distribution and predictors of healthcare expenditure in patients with HF.

Methods and results

This was a population‐based longitudinal study including all prevalent HF cases in Catalonia (Spain) on 31 December 2012 (n = 88 195). We evaluated 1‐year healthcare resource use and expenditure using the Health Department (CatSalut) surveillance system that collects detailed information on healthcare usage for the entire population. Mean age was 77.4 (12) years; 55% were women. One‐year mortality rate was 14%. All‐cause emergency department visits and unplanned hospitalizations were required at least once in 53.4% and 30.8% of patients, respectively. During 2013, a total of €536.2 million were spent in the care of HF patients (7.1% of the total healthcare budget). The main source of expenditure was hospitalization (39% of the total) whereas outpatient care represented 20% of the total expenditure. In the general population, outpatient care and hospitalization were the main expenses. In multivariate analysis, younger age, higher presence of co‐morbidities, and a recent HF or all‐cause hospitalization were independently associated with higher healthcare expenditure.

Conclusions

In Catalonia, a large portion of the annual healthcare budget is devoted to HF patients. Unplanned hospitalization represents the main source of healthcare‐related expenditure. The knowledge of how expenditure is distributed in a non‐selected HF population might allow health providers to plan the distribution of resources in patients with HF.
Assessing the applicability of unsaturated effective stress models to tensile fracturing of sandstone in CO2‐water two‐phase fluids
Authors: Liu Mingze , Bai Bing , Li Xiaochun , Gao Shuai , Hu Shaobin , Wang Lei , Wu Haiqing
Published: April 2016

The description of rock effective stress in CO2‐water two‐phase fluid (CWTPF) is a key issue in the mechanical stability analysis of CO2 geological sequestration. Related simulation studies often directly used the unsaturated effective stress models without verifying their applicability. In this study, we present a self‐developed hollow‐cylinder tensile tester and a corresponding experimental method to measure the fracturing pressure of sandstone in CWTPF. Based on the apparatus, we conducted tensile fracturing experiments of sandstone in CWTPF. We also carried out fracturing tests of sandstone saturated with water under different effective confining pressure to fit the function of the sandstone's fracturing pressure and effective confining pressure. Then, we selected seven typical unsaturated effective stress models and Finally, we compared the results from the prediction models and experiments to indirectly verify the applicability of these unsaturated effective stress models under CWTPF conditions. The results indicated that the model proposed by Bishop and Donald in 1961 could best describe the effective stress of the tested sandstone in tension fracturing behavior under CWTPF condition. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Vesicle distribution in acidic lava flow units in the rift basins of NE China: implications for petroleum reservoir exploration
Authors: Yi Jian , Sun Fengyue , Wang Pujun , Shan Xuanlong
Published: April 2016

Acidic lava flows comprise a large proportion of the total volcanic succession in the rift basins of northeast China. The objective of this study was to explore the vesicle distribution in the acidic lava flows in those basins. Two representative areas with acidic lava flow outcrops in NE China were selected for study. These lava flows share similar magma sources and chemistries. The types and inner structures of the acidic lava flows were determined in detail by measuring the shape of the flows (thickness and lateral extent) and the vertical sequences in the outcrops and shallow coring well Y1D1 in the two outcrop areas. Furthermore, the interpretation of deep borehole data and 3D seismic data from the Changling Graben of the Songliao Basin provided additional thickness and geometry data as a robust complement to the outcrop data. This study revealed that the shapes of the acidic lava flows transition from dome to tabular to braided with decreasing size. Furthermore, the vertical sequences can be classified into three zones: the upper vesicle zone, the massive core zone and the basal zone. The borehole thickness data indicate a trend in the maximum proportions occupied by the upper vesicle zone: thick flows have a relatively low proportion occupied by upper vesicle zones, whereas thin flows display a wide range in the proportion represented by upper vesicle zones. Therefore, braided acidic lava flows are more likely to have a high proportion of upper vesicle zones. Upper vesicle zones usually have high porosity and permeability and represent the primary effective gas reservoir system. The greatest lateral extents of gas reservoirs are usually in the tabular acidic lava flows, but the largest proportions occupied by gas reservoirs are usually in stacked braided lava flows. This study can help us to better understand the distribution of volcanic petroleum reservoirs in acidic lava successions where hydrocarbons are encountered but borehole data are limited. Furthermore, this study is useful for interpreting acidic lava flows in logs and seismic data from basins. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculating Ramsey Numbers by Partitioning Colored Graphs
Authors: Pokrovskiy Alexey
Published: April 2016

In this article we prove a new result about partitioning colored complete graphs and use it to determine certain Ramsey numbers exactly. The partitioning theorem we prove is that for , in every edge coloring of with the colors red and blue, it is possible to cover all the vertices with k disjoint red paths and a disjoint blue balanced complete ‐partite graph. When the coloring of is connected in red, we prove a stronger result—that it is possible to cover all the vertices with k red paths and a blue balanced complete ‐partite graph. Using these results we determine the Ramsey number of an n‐vertex path, , versus a balanced complete t‐partite graph on vertices, , whenever . We show that in this case , generalizing a result of Erdős who proved the case of this result. We also determine the Ramsey number of a path versus the power of a path . We show that , solving a conjecture of Allen, Brightwell, and Skokan.
Carbon‐14 radiolabelling and tissue distribution evaluation of a potential anti‐TB compound
Authors: Sonopo Molahlehi S. , Venter Kobus , Winks Susan , Marjanovic‐Painter Biljana , Morgans Garreth L. , Zeevaart Jan R.
Published: April 2016

This paper describes a five‐step synthesis of a carbon‐14‐labelled pyrazole compound (11). A total of 2.96 MBq of 11 was obtained with the specific activity of 2242.4 MBq/mmol. The radiochemical purity was >99%, and the overall radiochemical yield was 60% based on the [14C6] 4‐bromoaniline starting material. Biodistribution results showed that the radiotracer (administrated orally) has a high accumulation in the small intestine, large intestine and liver of both non‐infected and tuberculosis (TB)‐infected mice. Therefore, this suggests that compound 11 undergoes hepatobiliary clearance. The compound under investigation has been found to be slowly released from the liver between 2 and 8 h. The study revealed that 11 has no affinity for TB cells.