bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of core decompression for steroid‐associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits
Authors: Maruyama Masahiro , Lin Tzuhua , Kaminow Nicolas I. , Thio Timothy , Storaci Hunter W. , Pan Chi‐Chun , Yao Zhenyu , Takagi Michiaki , Goodman Stuart B. , Yang Yunzhi P.
Published: October 2020

Although core decompression (CD) is often performed in the early stage of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), the procedure does not always prevent subsequent deterioration and the effects of CD are not fully clarified. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of CD for steroid‐associated ONFH in rabbits. Twelve male and 12 female New Zealand rabbits were injected intramuscularly 20 mg/kg of methylprednisolone once and were divided into the disease control and CD groups. In the disease control group, rabbits had no treatment and were euthanized at 12 weeks postinjection. In the CD group, rabbits underwent left femoral CD at 4 weeks postinjection and were euthanized 8 weeks postoperatively. The left femurs were collected to perform morphological, biomechanical, and histological analysis. Bone mineral density and bone volume fraction in the femoral head in the CD group were significantly higher than in the disease control group. However, no difference in the mechanical strength was observed between the two groups. Histological analysis showed that alkaline phosphatase and CD31 positive cells significantly increased in the males after CD treatment. The number of empty lacunae in the surrounding trabecular bone was significantly higher in the CD group. The current study indicated that CD improved the morphological properties, but did not improve the mechanical strength in the femoral head at early‐stage ONFH. These data suggest the need for additional biological, mechanical strategies, and therapeutic windows to improve the outcome of early‐stage steroid‐associated ONFH.
Safety and feasibility of initiating a hepatic artery infusion pump chemotherapy program for unresectable colorectal liver metastases: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Muaddi Hala , D'Angelica Michael , Wiseman Jason T. , Dillhoff Mary , Latchana Nicholas , Roke Rachel , Ko Yoo‐Joung , Carpizo Darren , Spencer Kristen , Fields Ryan C. , Williams Gregory , Aucejo Federico , Acevedo‐Moreno Lou‐Anne , Billingsley Kevin G. , Walker Brett S. , Mayo Skye C. , Karanicolas Paul J.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Hepatic artery infusion pump (HAIP) chemotherapy is a specialized therapy for patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (uCRLM). Its effectiveness was demonstrated from a high volume center, with uncertainty regarding the feasibility and safety at other centers. Therefore, we sought to assess the safety and feasibility of HAIP for the management of uCRLM at other centers.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with uCRLM treated with HAIP from January 2003 to December 2017 at six North American centers initiating the HAIP program. Outcomes included the safety and feasibility of HAIP chemotherapy.

Results

We identified 154 patients with HAIP insertion and the median age of 54 (48–61) years. The burden of disease was >10 intra‐hepatic metastatic foci in 59 (38.3%) patients. Patients received at least one cycle of systemic chemotherapy before HAIP insertion. Major complications occurred in 7 (4.6%) patients during their hospitalization and 13 (8.4%) patients developed biliary sclerosis during follow‐up. A total of 148 patients (96.1%) received at least one‐dose of HAIP chemotherapy with a median of 5 (4–7) cycles. 78 patients (56.5%) had a complete or partial response and 12 (7.8%) received a curative liver resection.

Conclusion

HAIP programs can be safely and effectively initiated in previously inexperienced centers with good response.
Effect of respiratory muscle training on dysphagia in stroke patients—A retrospective pilot study
Authors: Arnold Robert J. , Bausek Nina
Published: October 2020

Background

Dysphagia is prevalent with cerebrovascular accidents and contributes to the burden of disease and mortality. Strengthening dysfunctional swallow muscles through respiratory muscle training (RMT) has proven effective in improving swallow effectiveness and safety. However, approaches to strengthen only the expiratory muscle groups (EMST) dominate the clinical study literature, with variable outcomes. This study investigated the effect of simultaneous inspiratory‐expiratory muscle strengthening to improve swallowing function in stroke patients.

Methods

Recorded data of 20 patients receiving pro bono medical care for dysphagia following stroke were allocated to intervention (IG) or control group (CG) based upon whether they chose combined RMT (cRMT) or not while awaiting swallow therapy services. The intervention group was treated with three 5‐minute sessions of resistive respiratory muscle training for 28 days, while the control group received no RMT or other exercise intervention. Respiratory and swallow outcomes were assessed pre‐ and post‐intervention and included Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA), fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) with penetration‐aspiration scale (PAS), functional oral intake scale (FOIS), patient visual analogue scale (VAS), and peak expiratory flow (PEF).

Results

After 28 days, the intervention group demonstrated greater improvements (P value < 0.05) in PEF (IG: 168.03% vs CG: 17.47%), VAS (IG: 103.85% vs CG: 27.54%), MASA (IG: 37.28% vs CG: 6.92%), PAS (IG: 69.84% vs CG: 12.12%), and FOIS (IG: 93.75% vs CG: 21.21%).

Conclusion

cRMT is a feasible and effective method to improve signs and symptoms of dysphagia while improving airway protection.

Level of Evidence

3
Effect of compound texture on lubrication and sealing performance of plunger pump
Authors: Jia Hekun , Zhou Zeyuan , Yin Bifeng , Zhou Huiqin , Xu Bo
Published: October 2020

A type of compound texture combining micro‐dimple and variable‐depth groove was designed to improve sealing performance and reduce wear of the plunger couple in diesel engine. The simulation results indicate that moderate oil film thickness can be produced by compound texture to settle the lack of lubrication of groove mode. Meanwhile, higher hydrodynamic pressure is produced to improve sealing performance of a plunger couple, tackling the problem of relatively high leakage of micro‐dimple mode. The compound texture was fabricated on the plunger surface by laser surface texturing (LST) and the test results confirmed the improvement of lubrication and sealing performance. The basic tribological test result shows that that the deepest wear depth and average roughness were reduced by 72.4% and 22.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, the engine bench test result shows that the amount of fuel leakage was reduced by 73.1% as well.
A novel two‐dimensional crest factor reduction method based on concurrent output capacity of power amplifiers
Authors: Tang Ke , Huang Hang , Yu Cuiping , Wu Yongle , Jin Qiuyan , Gao Jinchun , Liu Yuanan
Published: October 2020

A novel two‐dimensional crest factor reduction (2D‐CFR) is proposed to improve the dual‐band concurrent performance of power amplifiers (PAs). The concurrent performance of target PA can be improved significantly when the power for peak detection conforms to the concurrent characteristic. Peak detection and clipping operation are presented based on concurrent output capacity of PAs, which can be efficiently described by introducing two design parameters. Measured results show that the drain efficiency is improved from 34.2% to 36.6% with the proposed 2D‐CFR when compared with the conventional 2D‐CFR while maintaining similar error vector magnitude and ACPRs, which indicates a significant performance improvement.
Predictive model for stress relaxation behavior of glassy polymers based on variable‐order fractional calculus
Authors: Xiang Guangjian , Yin Deshun , Meng Ruifan , Cao Chenxi
Published: October 2020

In this article, a novel constitutive model using fractional calculus is developed to capture the stress relaxation behavior of glassy polymers, where a variable‐order differential operator based on Marchaud fractional derivative is adopted. To assess the validity of the proposed model, a series of stress relaxation tests of the representative glassy polymer, poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate), are conducted, and the stress responses of the specimens under different ambient temperatures are obtained. In view of the basic theory of fractional viscoelasticity, the varying order is assumed to bea function of time. Through the comparison of the fitting effect and reasonability of four kinds of order function based on the experimental data, it is concluded that the linear order function of time is suitable for our model which shows high accuracy. Moreover, the physical significance of order function is analytically derived, and the rising order is found to have a direct connection with the continuous softening of polymers during relaxation. Deeper investigations manifest that high ambient temperature accelerates the material softening, and the change of microstructures inside polymers could be reflected by the varying order, which is possible to provide a new perspective on manufacturing proper polymers with excellent resistance to stress relaxation.
Efficient purification of the diarylheptanoid oregonin from red alder (Alnus rubra) leaves and bark combining aqueous extraction, spray drying and flash‐chromatography
Authors: Lea Carmen S. , Simhadri Chakravarthi , Bradbury Stephen G. , Wulff Jeremy E. , Constabel C. Peter
Published: October 2020

Introduction

The diarylheptanoid xyloside oregonin ((5S)‐1,7‐bis(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐5‐(β‐d‐xylopyranosyloxy)‐heptan‐3‐one) has significant medicinal potential and is found at high concentration in leaves and bark of red alder (Alnus rubra).

Objectives

To establish inexpensive and easily scaled methods for the extraction and purification of oregonin from timber by‐products.

Methods

We developed a method combining aqueous extraction with spray drying of red alder extract into a powder, thus reducing the need for organic solvents used in traditional Soxhlet extraction or in solvent partitioning. Flash chromatography was utilised to purify oregonin from crude spray‐dried alder extract.

Results

Crude spray‐dried alder extract was comprised of an average of 9% of the diarylheptanoid compound oregonin. Less than 10% thermal degradation of oregonin was observed using extraction temperatures between 25°C and 50°C, followed by spray drying. The structure of purified oregonin was validated using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

Conclusion

The developed method was robust, repeatable, and yielded purified oregonin of greater than > 95% purity (average of 95.8%). Our analysis represents the most complete NMR characterisation of oregonin reported to date.
Design of highly stretchable deep eutectic solvent‐based ionic gel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity by the addition of zwitterion ion dissociators for flexible supercapacitor
Authors: Bu Ximan , Ge Yongxin , Wang Lei , Wu Linlin , Ma Xiaofeng , Lu Duyou
Published: October 2020

Nonvolatile deep eutectic solvent (DES) electrolytes with good electrochemical stability have recently emerged as promising electrolytes for energy storage devices. In this report, for the first time a polymerized zwitterionic molecule was introduced and a series of hybrid cross‐linked zwitterion‐containing copolymer DES gels are synthesized via UV initiated free‐radical copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA), sulfobetaine vinylimidazole (VIPS) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) monomers, in situ within DES, which is prepared from 1:2 M ratio of choline chloride and ethylene glycol. Systematically varying the AA:VIPS molar ratio and copolymer contents within the copolymer network enables one to widely tune the mechanical properties and ionic conductivity of the poly(AA‐co‐VIPS) DES gels. The tensile strength of P(AA‐co‐VIPS) DES gels significantly increased from 28 kPa to 176 kPa with fracture strain from 720% to 1370%, while the ionic conductivity of copolymer DES gels remains high from 2.7 to 4.1 mS cm−1 with the increase of copolymer content from 25 wt % to 45 wt%. A copolymer DES gel not only enables a supercapacitor deliver high capacitance of 71.52 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, and retains ∼97% of its capacitance after 2000 cycles, but also achieves outstanding capacitive performance over wide temperature range.
Introduction of cell‐selectivity in bovine cathelicidin BMAP‐28 by exchanging heptadic isoleucine with the adjacent proline at a non‐heptadic position
Authors: Azmi Sarfuddin , Verma Neeraj Kumar , Tripathi Jitendra Kumar , Srivastava Saurabh , Verma Devesh Pratap , Ghosh Jimut Kanti
Published: October 2020

Bovine cathelicidin, BMAP‐28 exhibits potent antimicrobial activity without any cell‐selectivity. Considering the role of its C‐terminus amino acid residues in its cytotoxic activities, we envisioned to rearrange the amino acids at its C‐terminus without altering its composition for designing new cell‐selective BMAP‐28‐analog. Thus an isoleucine residue at 20th position, also an “a” position of its previously identified isoleucine zipper sequence, was exchanged with a proline residue at 19th position. As a result, a remarkable reduction in the hemolytic activity of BMAP‐28 toward human red blood cells (hRBCs) was observed without hampering its antibacterial activity in liquid media, and in presence of salts and serum. BMAP‐28‐analog, BMAP‐28M depolarized S. aureus membrane and bacterial membrane‐mimetic, PE/PG lipid vesicles similar to BMAP‐28 but showed weaker efficacy to depolarize hRBC membrane and mammalian membrane‐mimetic, PC/Chol vesicles. Differences in the localization of tryptophan residues of BMAP‐28 and BMAP‐28M were observed only in PC/Chol vesicles. BMAP‐28 induced pores of ~3.4 nm diameter onto hRBCs whereas BMAP‐28M showed minor perturbation onto these cells. BMAP‐28 and BMAP‐28M induced the entry of calcein (size, ~1 nm) and 4.4 kDa FITC‐dextran (size, ~2.8 nm) into B. megaterium but not of higher sized fluorescent‐dextrans indicating toroidal pore formation onto these bacterial membranes.
Bilateral pulmonary emboli in a teenager with positive SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody
Authors: Kotula John J. , Balakumar Niveditha , Khan Danyal , Patel Bhavi
Published: October 2020

Thromboembolic phenomena, particularly pulmonary emboli, have been described in adult patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, but have been less evident in children. We describe a case of a teenager with bilateral pulmonary emboli leading to cardiovascular collapse in the setting of a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM antibody.
Physical and social health at the library: Studying small and rural public libraries as venues for group fitness among older adults
Authors: Lenstra Noah , Oguz Fatih
Published: October 2020

Public libraries increasingly offer opportunities to engage in health promotion activities inaccessible elsewhere in the community. Strategies to support physical activity for older adults can be implemented in a variety of different settings, including public libraries. Nonetheless, despite increasing recognition of this role, this trend has received limited scholarly attention. This study reports on a proof of concept study that took place across 12 weeks in 49 small and rural public libraries across the US. During that time, 535 older adults participated in a video‐based exercise program at the library. Participants reported increased levels of physical activity and increased mental health as a result of the availability of this program. These preliminary results demonstrate that public libraries have great potential as partners in efforts to increase healthy lifestyles among Americans, particular older adults, who represent a growing demographic in the U.S. and around the world.
Diffusion and adoption of Linked Data among libraries
Authors: Niu Jinfang
Published: October 2020

Through content analyses of literature about the Linked Data (LD) adoption of individual libraries, this study found that the diffusion of LD among libraries is a decentralized process with high‐degree of reinvention and a continuous process that includes multiple stages and might last for many years. The diffusion of LD among libraries involves the diffusion of numerous related innovations, follows three paths (inter‐library, intra‐library, and inter‐librarian), and is facilitated by four types of institutions (professional associations, vendors, external funders, and leading libraries) and three factors (avoiding re‐inventing the wheel, standardization, and commercialization).
Patient empowerment through mobile health: Case study with a Brazilian application for pregnancy support
Authors: Delgado Gustavo V. , de Carvalho Rodrigo B. , Choo Chun W. , Leite Ramon S. , de Castro José M.
Published: October 2020

This paper analyzes how mobile health applications contribute to the empowerment of health service users. The theoretical foundation includes m‐health, user empowerment, and value co‐creation. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to investigate the Kangaroo application (Canguru, in Portuguese), which targets Brazilian pregnant women and seeks to make women empowered for a healthy pregnancy. The free app is a healthcare social network designed by a health‐tech startup and a reference Brazilian hospital. It has already supported 350,000 pregnant women, and more than 200 health professionals. The data collection effort comprised application log analysis of 6 months of records of 99,709 users, mobile‐based survey with 429 women and 16 interviews. The results showed that the functionalities of the personal and social dimensions mapped in the application explain 85.5% of the user empowerment. The app social features impacted 2.4 more than the personal functionalities. The quantitative analysis concluded that there was no moderating effect of styles of value co‐creation practices on the relationship between empowerment and its dimensions. The theoretical contribution is associated with the discussion of the influence of personal and social dimensions of m‐health to the user empowerment.
The hitchhiker's guide to scholarly research integrity
Authors: Taswell S. Koby , Triggle Christopher , Vayo June , Dutta Shiladitya , Taswell Carl
Published: October 2020

The pursuit of truth in research should be both an ideal in aspiration and also a reality in practice. The PORTAL‐DOORS Project (PDP) strives to promote creative authenticity, fair citation, and adherence to integrity and ethics in scholarly research publishing using the FAIR family of quantitative metrics with acronym FAIR for the phrases Fair Attribution to Indexed Reports and Fair Acknowledgment of Information Records, and the DREAM principles with acronym DREAM for the phrase Discoverable Data with Reproducible Results for Equivalent Entities with Accessible Attributes and Manageable Metadata. This report presents formalized definitions for idea‐laundering plagiarism by authors, idea‐bleaching censorship by editors, and proposed assertion claims for authors, reviewers, editors, and publishers in ethical peer‐reviewed publishing to support integrity in research. All of these principles have been implemented in version 2 of the PDP‐DREAM ontology written in OWL 2. This PDP‐DREAM ontology will serve as the model foundation for development of a software‐guided workflow process intended to manage the ethical peer‐reviewed publishing of web‐enabled open access journals operated online with PDP software.
Linked data education and training: Past, present, and future
Authors: Dobreski Brian , Zeng Marcia Lei , Kovari Jason , Qin Jian
Published: October 2020

Studying, designing, and implementing linked data is becoming an increasingly important part of many information settings. Whether taking part in high‐profile grant funded collaborations, local exploratory projects, or adopting a “wait and see” approach, institutions such as libraries, archives, and enterprise organizations will need professionals versed in linked data technologies and practices. In recent years, many advances have been made toward the establishment of an educational foundation for information professionals in this area, through both the incorporation of linked data topics into formal course curricula as well as the establishment of community‐driven, open access learning resources online. However, questions and challenges remain. In this panel, presenters will explore the past, current, and future states of linked data education and training while addressing ongoing challenges and opportunities for preparing metadata professionals in this area.
A person‐agent and related information resources: A case study of complex relationships
Authors: Lee Hur‐Li , Kipp Margaret , Yang Li
Published: October 2020

Identifying and mapping relationships is of increasing importance as many cultural heritage institutions work to model data in Linked Data (LD) format. As a pilot of a larger LD project, this study examines relationships between information resources, between person‐agents and resources, and between person‐agents, in order to improve description and access to information related to persons and resources. We used a case‐study approach to identify new and previously‐defined relationships in bibliographic records associated with a person‐agent. To find a case that exhibits complex relationships, we selected Lin Huiyin (林徽因), a famous Chinese architect, architectural historian, poet, artist, designer, and writer in the 20th century. We collected 903 records using WorldCat and China Academic Library & Information System. We applied a coding scheme consisting of relationship categories from several existing taxonomies. In the analysis, additional relationships emerged, which were then added to the coding scheme. Our next step is to broaden the scope of the case by examining other types of resources outside libraries such as Lin's architectural works. Further studies of complex cases will allow us to refine our taxonomy and develop an LD model for relationships between resources and person‐agents.
The evolution of LIS research topics and methods from 2006 to 2018: A content analysis
Authors: Ma Jinxuan , Lund Brady
Published: October 2020

Replicating a series of studies of LIS research trends performed by Järvelin and colleagues, this content analysis systematically examines the evolution and distribution of LIS research topics and methods at six‐year increments from 2006 to 2018. Bibliographic data was collected for 3,422 articles published in LIS journals for the years of 2006, 2012, and 2018. Using a conceptual research strategy, the researchers identified the central research topics and research method for each article. The findings indicate a shift towards greater emphasis on Scholarly Communications/Informetrics and Information Seeking/Behavior topics, along with a reduction in Information Systems and Library and Information Service topics. Quantitative‐based approaches are predominant across the 3 years examined, with observed growth in the usage of questionnaires and informetric methods from 2006 to 2018. These findings indicate that LIS is a dynamic discipline, with quickly shifting interests/usage of research topics and methods.
Toward epistemic justice: An approach for conceptualizing epistemicide in the information professions
Authors: Patin Beth , Sebastian Melinda , Yeon Jieun , Bertolini Danielle
Published: October 2020

The goal of this exploratory paper is to begin to explicate the concept of epistemicide and articulate its function within the information field. We define epistemicide as the killing, silencing, annihilation, or devaluing of a knowledge system. It is not that we are unaware of the injustices happening within our field, but rather, that we are not in discussion across sub‐fields considering the idea that the collective injustices exist and are problematic on individual and systemic levels. We believe epistemicide happens when several epistemic injustices, such as hermeneutical or testimonial injustices, occur collectively reflecting a structured and systemic oppression of particular ways of knowing. We present epistemicide and epistemic injustice as a concept for understanding and addressing ways knowledge systems are silenced, devalued, or annihilated within library and Information Science (LIS).
All in the family: A descriptive analysis of family network change in families managing chronic illness
Authors: Brown Lindsay K. , Veinot Tiffany C.
Published: October 2020

Background

Social networks can be a source of support, including informational support, in chronic illness management, but can change over time in response to health crises. However, little is known about how families leverage their support networks to manage chronic illness over time—and how these networks may change.

Methods

For 28 families managing either diabetes or HIV, we gathered survey‐based social network data, including network size, exchanges of support, and tie strength, up to 5 times over 2 years. We then used descriptive analysis to examine changes in network size, structure and function (e.g., informational support).

Findings

Although family networks remained stable in terms of network size and transitivity, these networks experienced regular fluctuations in both tie‐level variables (i.e., tie strength) and density of informational support exchanges.

Discussion

Observed changes in these measures indicate that even family support networks are susceptible to change over time, particularly at the tie‐level, indicating a need to expand the way we think of network change beyond whole network measures when looking at small, family networks, especially examining how information exchanges fluctuate over time. Future research should explore tie‐level measures and support exchange networks to understand why networks change over time.
Persona profiles of Latinx living in Boston: Applications for information organizations
Authors: Colón‐Aguirre Mónica , Ceja Alcalá Janet
Published: October 2020

Based on data and initial findings of a larger phenomenological project focused on the experiences of Latinx living in the Boston area, we created two persona profiles. The persona profiles are based on preliminary results of the analysis of 13 interviews with members of the Latinx community in Boston, which identified two distinct groups among the participants. These groups were defined by socioeconomic class, as identified by two main indicators: educational attainment and English language skills. Those belonging to the lower socioeconomic class had low educational attainment and limited English language skills compared to those in the middle socioeconomic class group made up of Latinx who had high educational attainment and were fully bilingual. The persona profiles created by using the interview data have potential applications for those working in information organizations, and to help researchers and practitioners in information organizations design better services for urban Latinx communities. This approach aligns with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which among many goals, intends to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.
COVID‐19 pandemic and information diffusion analysis on Twitter
Authors: Dinh Ly , Parulian Nikolaus
Published: October 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted all aspects of our lives, including the information spread on social media. Prior literature has found that information diffusion dynamics on social networks mirror that of a virus, but applying the epidemic Susceptible‐Infected‐Removed model (SIR) model to examine how information spread is not sufficient to claim that information spreads like a virus. In this study, we explore whether there are similarities in the simulated SIR model (SIRsim), observed SIR model based on actual COVID‐19 cases (SIRemp), and observed information cascades on Twitter about the virus (INFOcas) by using network analysis and diffusion modeling. We propose three primary research questions: (a) What are the diffusion patterns of COVID‐19 virus spread, based on SIRsim and SIRemp? (b) What are the diffusion patterns of information cascades on Twitter (INFOcas), with respect to retweets, quote tweets, and replies? and (c) What are the major differences in diffusion patterns between SIRsim, SIRemp, and INFOcas? Our study makes a contribution to the information sciences community by showing how epidemic modeling of virus and information diffusion analysis of online social media are distinct but interrelated concepts.
Does opening up peer review benefit science in terms of citations?
Authors: Ni Jue , Zhao Zhenyue , Shao Yupo , Liu Shuo , Li Wanlin , Li Jiang
Published: October 2020

This paper studied whether opening up review reports benefits science in terms of citations, by taking Nature Communications as an example. To address these questions, we extracted 3,500 papers published in Nature Communications in 2016 and 4,326 papers in 2017 and retrieved their three‐year citations since publication in the Web of Science database. By applying the Matching method, we constructed an observation group including 1,726 open peer review (OPR) papers and a control group including 1,726 non‐OPR counterparts. The results of the paired sample t‐test showed no significant difference between the OPR and non‐OPR papers. We conclude that opening up peer review reports did not benefit papers in Nature Communications in terms of citations. We further examined whether the length, the rounds or the lexical diversity of the review report contributed to the paper's citations, through regression analysis. As a result, we found that longer comments, more rounds of review and the more diversified words did not contribute to the citations of the OPR papers in Nature Communications. Further research covering more OPR journals is required to justify the benefits of OPR.
Space identification of sexual harassment reports with text mining
Authors: Karami Amir , Swan Suzanne , Moraes Marcos F.
Published: October 2020

Sexual harassment is an invisible problem that has been difficult to combat because victims are often reluctant to report. However, within the past years, the sheer volume of women who have spoken up about sexual harassment has brought the issue to the forefront. This change has been largely driven, in part, by Internet and social media technologies. Given the large size of data posted on these online technologies, it is impossible to manually analyze and organize it; therefore, there is a need to utilize data and text mining methods. In order to help the fight against sexual harassment, this study proposes a predictive framework to collect more than 14,000 sexual harassment reports on the everyday sexism project (ESP) website and identify the space (location) in the reports. Our framework achieves 85.33% accuracy for seven space classes including workplace, public space, home, public transport, school, university, and media. This paper also enriches experiments by merging similar classes (e.g., school and university) and applies a feature selection method to reduce the number of features for efficiency and effectiveness purposes. This enrichment process offers promising results for different sets of classes and features, ranging from 86% – 93% accuracy.
Exploring factors affecting renewal and stopping reasons in cross‐session search
Authors: Li Yuan , Capra Rob
Published: October 2020

This study analyzes the relationships between search session renewal reasons and stopping reasons for everyday cross‐session search, and their relationships with types of needed information, the number of search sessions, and task performance stage. We present results from an online survey questionnaire distributed on the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. Our results validate the renewal reasons from Lin and Belkin's MISE model and generalize the stopping reasons found by other empirical studies to a broader population and tasks. We found that participants in different renewal modes more often look for specific information than general information. Sessions which happened early or at the middle of a task were often renewed because a task spawned sub‐problems or transmuted. Sessions renewed near the end or after the task was done often involved looking for updated information or were renewed due to search failure. Our study has implications for predicting reasons that can cause searchers to start or stop a search session during cross session search, and on designing search support tools to provide more targeted, customized help based on the relations among those reasons.
Towards family‐centered health technologies that support distributed families on sustainable healthy practices together
Authors: Sandbulte Jomara , Choe Eun Kyoung , Carroll John M.
Published: October 2020

Family relationships can be resources to foster individuals' healthy behaviors. However, in many families, different factors can prevent members in supporting one another around positive health outcomes. A systematic understanding of these factors is crucial for developing appropriate solutions to reduce barriers on family collaboration in health promotion. In this paper, we focus on one factor that affects family support in healthy living: geographic distance. We present a formative study composed by two research explorations which aimed to examine distributed family members' needs and challenges to engage in healthy living together. First, an interview study helped us understand families' practices in engaging in health conversations. Then, findings from focus group discussions provided necessary knowledge to explore the use of technology to support conversations around health topics by distributed families. We draw on our findings to present practical recommendations for researchers working towards supporting intergenerational families on healthy practices collectively when living apart.
Emulation encounters: Software preservation in libraries, archives, and museums
Authors: Acker Amelia
Published: October 2020

This paper reports on early findings of research in 2019 following three small teams of information professionals as they implemented emulation strategies into their day‐to‐day work at a museum, a university research library, and a university research archive and technology lab. Findings are reported from workplace observations and semi‐structured interviews with preservationists (N = 25) as they implement software emulation programs in cultural heritage institutions that collect and preserve software for access. Results suggest that the distributed teams in this cohort of preservationists have developed different emulation practices for particular kinds of “emulation encounters” in supporting different types of use and users. I discuss the implications of these findings for digital preservation research and emulation initiatives providing access to software or software‐dependent objects, showing how implications of these findings have significance for those developing software preservation workflows and building emulation capacities. This article suggests that there are different emulation practices for preservation, research access, and exhibition undertaken by preservationists in libraries, archives, and museums; and in examining particular visions of access these findings call into question software emulation as a single, static preservation strategy for cultural heritage institutions.
Infrastructures of digital humanities
Authors: Sula Chris Alen , Craig Kalani , Dalmau Michelle , Humphreys Alex , Hyvönen Eero , Keah Humphrey , Kiplang'at Joseph , Lindquist Thea , Weber Nic
Published: October 2020

This panel will convene participants from a range of roles and institutions to build on previous work in infrastructures of digital humanities: the organizational and structural aspects of the field responsible for collaboration, partnership, training and support, access, preservation, sustainability, and more. Information professionals play a key role in these infrastructures, from technical expertise to project management to training and support for methods and tools. Panelists from faculty, centers and institutes, and academic and digital libraries will address issues of capacity building, disciplinarity, and labor across various settings.
Containers, genres, and formats, oh my: Creating sustainable concepts by connecting theory, research, practice, and education
Authors: Brannon Brittany , Valenza Joyce , Cataldo Tara T. , Kear Robin , Faniel Ixchel
Published: October 2020

This interactive panel brings together researchers, practitioners, and educators to explore ways of connecting theory, research, practice, and LIS education around the issue of information format. Despite a growing awareness of the importance of information format to information seeking, discovery, use, and creation, LIS has no sound, theoretically‐informed basis for describing or discussing elements of format, with researchers and practitioners alike relying on know‐it‐when‐they‐see‐it understandings of format types. The Researching Students' Information Choices project has attempted to address this issue by developing the concept of containers, one element of format, and locating it within a descriptive taxonomy of other format elements based on well‐established theories from the field of Rhetorical Genre Studies. This panel will discuss how this concept was developed and implemented in a multi‐institutional, IMLS‐grant‐funded research project and how panelists are currently deploying and planning to deploy this concept in their own practice. Closing the loop in this way creates sustainable concepts that build a stronger field overall.
Amplifying chance for positive action and serendipity by design
Authors: Buchanan Sarah A. , Sauer Sabrina , Quan‐Haase Anabel , Agarwal Naresh Kumar , Erdelez Sanda
Published: October 2020

In recent years, there has been an increased focus on information encountering and serendipity within information behavior research and practice. Serendipity has the potential to facilitate creativity and innovation in various spheres, including in libraries, archives and museums. However, do we wait for chance to occur, or can serendipity be designed and facilitated? What are the characteristics of systems that support serendipitous discovery, and what methods can be used to study its occurrence? Extending and building on the concepts and definitions introduced at a 2016 ASIS&T Annual Meeting panel led by Erdelez, we feature in this 40‐min panel innovative work that creates opportunities for discovery within research spaces. Attendees engage through an interactive two‐part discussion and a hands‐on ideation session on impacts and guidelines for systems designed to facilitate serendipity, emphasizing sustainable, accessible researcher and user experiences. Presenters focus on the role of socio‐technical constraints and affordances to inform systems' design in a variety of research contexts, each contributing expertise in navigating particular issues in serendipity research.
Supporting open research data practice through data curation and discovery: A global perspective
Authors: Liu Ying‐Hsang , (Oliver) Chen Hsin‐Liang , Kato Makoto P. , Wu Mingfang , Huvila Isto
Published: October 2020

This panel will address the issues associated with the practice and service of open research data curation and discovery from a global perspective. The sub‐fields of information science such as information retrieval, information curation, information practices and human‐centered data science have approached the open research data initiatives from multiple lenses. The issues of data creation, capturing, curation, sharing, discovery and reuse of cut across the sub‐fields. We will identify and discuss the emerging themes in open data curation and discovery drawing on active research projects, repository practices and research data capturing and reuse in a selection of disciplines from health domain to archaeology and cultural heritage.
Reimagining information science and technology beyond traditional boundaries in the global coronavirus pandemic situation
Authors: Rorissa Abebe , Li Ming , Young Michael , Turetsky David , Yuan Xiaojun (Jenny)
Published: October 2020

Information pervades today's human activities, essentially making every sector of society an information environment. Due to the ubiquity of technological innovations and their interconnectivity, there is no aspect of lives of individuals that has not been affected. Individuals & organizations use multiple devices and networking platforms to interact with each other, businesses, and governments, as well as to search, retrieve, and consume information. Adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the nature of information in general and its management and use have been topics of discussion at events such as the ASIS&T Annual Meeting. However, what is often lacking, if not missing, is a broader discussion about information and ICTs, in applied areas such as emergency management, homeland security, and cybersecurity.
Affective and cognitive features of comments added by forwarders in Sina Weibo during disasters
Authors: Chen Xi , Chen Sijing , Mao Jin , Li Gang
Published: October 2020

In Sina Weibo, users are allowed to add comments to the shared post when forwarding, and if the shared post is non‐original, previous forwarders' comments will be automatically kept. Notwithstanding the growing body of literature on social media usage in emergencies, little is known about the comments added by forwarders. This study aims to explore affective and cognitive features of comments added by forwarders and its difference with the original posts during multiple emergency events. We conducted the analysis on 72,712 added comments to 9,408 original posts about the three disasters. The result suggests that the added comments by forwarders and the original posts show different characteristics in cognition and emotion, and the emotional and cognitive expressions of added comments were significantly different between man‐made disasters and natural disasters. This study provides a new perspective for exploring the forwarding behavior in disaster situations.
Task‐based human‐structured research data interaction: A discipline independent examination
Authors: Xiao Fanghui , Ma Rongqian , He Daqing
Published: October 2020

With the development of open data movement, an increasing number of structured research datasets (SRD) are available online due to the successful data infrastructure and the strong demand for sharing data. Yet there still lacks a thorough, systematic investigation of researcher‐SRD interactions, which is important to understand users' needs, challenges, and expectations. Our work extends from the current scholarship and proposes a task‐based approach to examining how researchers interact with SRD, without considering individual disciplines. This study identifies two types of research tasks, the data‐driven tasks and model‐driven tasks, and also proposes a framework for researcher‐SRD interaction. Our findings will contribute to the research field of human data behaviors.
Characteristics of information spreading across nations
Authors: Yu Xinchen , Reddy Daida Shashidhar , Bentula Lasya , Hong Lingzi
Published: October 2020

The mechanism of information diffusion on social media platforms such as retweeting in Twitter has been largely studied. Existing studies mainly look into the social or discursive features of information that are popular in virtual space, few have related the diffusion of information to the real‐world context and studied the characteristics of information that can spread across nations. In the context of globalization, understanding information spreading across nations not only facilitates marketing and propagation but also helps to understand transnational activities such as transnational social movements. We conduct a preliminary study to analyze the sentiment and cognition components of tweets that disseminate transnationally in the MeToo movement. Tweets that spread across nations are generally popular, that is retweeted more. However, popular tweets do not always spread across nations. We find popular tweets that disseminate transnationally contain more elements of politics, religion, or social bond indicators. Our study provides insights for propagation in globalization and may help social movement organizations that aim for transnational activities.
Initial bibliometric investigation of NIH mentored K to R transition
Authors: Zhang Li , Yan Xiaoran , Mabry Patricia L. , Martinson Brian C. , Valente Thomas W. , Lu Wei , Liu Xiaozhong
Published: October 2020

National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the world largest public funder of biomedical research, investing more than $30 billion dollars to achieve its mission to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability. Here, by leveraging individual‐level characteristics and contextual/time‐dependent features of professional scholarly network, we investigate the chance of NIH Mentored K (MK) to NIH R01 grant (independent research grant) or equivalent (R01‐Eq) transition success. The aim of this work is to explore the relationship between investigator productivity (i.e., scholarly publication) and success (e.g, R01‐Eq funding) during MK to R01‐Eq transition using publicly available datasets and applying our machine learning techniques. The preliminary experiment based on PubMed data and NIH awardees database show that the proposed method is promising, and a number of interesting funding success factors can be located by utilizing statistical tools.
Advancing diversity in human centered data science education through games
Authors: Herman Bernease , Aragon Cecilia , Evans Sarah , Shanley Lea
Published: October 2020

Educational games, particularly those that encourage collaboration with peers and focusing on social and ethical issues, may be powerful in improving retention of human computer interaction (HCI) and human centered data science (HCDS) concepts among young people by providing strong emotional experiences. Further, games have the potential of reaching a wider and more diverse population than formal education. We draw upon prior experience with improving diversity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) as well as experience building and deploying HCDS games to suggest novel uses of gaming to increase the retention of concepts in HCI and data science among diverse learners.
Open data in public libraries: Gauging activities and supporting ambitions
Authors: Throgmorton Kaitlin Fender , Norlander Bree , Palmer Carole L.
Published: October 2020

As the open data movement grows, public libraries must assess if and how to invest resources in this new service area. This paper reports on a recent survey on open data in public libraries across Washington state, conducted by the Open Data Literacy project (ODL) in collaboration with the Washington State Library. Results document interests and activity in open data across small, medium, and large libraries in relation to traditional library services and priorities. Libraries are particularly active in open data through reference services and are beginning to release their own library data to the public. While capacity and resource challenges hinder progress for some, many libraries, large and small, are making progress on new initiatives, including strategic collaborations with local government agencies. Overall, the level and range of activity suggest that Washington state public libraries of all sizes recognize the value of open data for their communities, with a groundswell of libraries moving beyond ambition to action as they develop new services through evolution and innovation.