bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SURABAYA CITY GOVERNMENT TOWARDS PEOPLE WITH MENTAL DISORDERS
Authors: Fraja St. Ika Noerwulan
Published: August 2021

The local government is one of the parties responsible for the efforts to cure people with mental disorders. Healing efforts are carried out by health workers and must continue to respect the rights of people with mental disorders and provide good health service facilities. Besides having the right to receive treatment and care, they also have the right to receive rehabilitation, even if they do not have a family or a caregiver. The research problem in this study is about the authority of local government towards people with mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to analyze the authority of local governments towards people with mental disorders and the obstacles they face. This research is a legal research with primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that are collected using the literature study method and analyzed by the prescriptive method. The authority of the regional government to regulate it is intended to fulfill the rights of people with mental disorders in terms of health services and adequate facilities. even if the person with mental disorders does not have a family or a caregiver.
IMPLEMENTATION OF COURSE REVIEW HORAY LEARNING MODEL IN SCIENCE SUBJECTS IN GRADE IV OF SD NEGERI BANGUNREJO
Authors: Citra Aulia , Samitra Dian , Satria Tio Gusti
Published: August 2021

This thesis aims to know the completed learning results of students after the study model of Course Review Horay applied to the science subjects of grade IV SD Negeri Bangunrejo. The research method used by quasy-experiment. Data collection techniques in research use tests and interviews. Data analysis techniques with steps: average score and standard deviation, normality test and z test. The results showed the results of studying the IPA of grade IV students of SD Negeri Bangunrejo after the Course Review Horay model was significantly completed.
Long-lasting memory of jasmonic acid-dependent immunity requires DNA demethylation and ARGONAUTE1
Authors: Wilkinson Samuel , Muench Amos , Wilson Robert , Hooshmand Kourosh , Henderson Michael , Moffat Emma , Stassen Joost , Sánchez Ana López , Fomsgaard Inge , Krokene Paal , Magerøy Melissa , Ton Jurriaan
Published: August 2021

Stress can alter important plant life-history traits. Here, we report the long-term effects of the stress hormone jasmonic acid (JA) on the defence phenotype, transcriptome and DNA-methylome of Arabidopsis. Three weeks after transient JA signalling activity, 5-week-old plants retained induced resistance (IR) against herbivory but showed enhanced susceptibility to necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens. Transcriptome analysis of these plants revealed priming and/or up-regulation of JA-dependent defence genes but repression of ethylene- and salicylic acid-dependent genes. Long-term JA-IR against herbivory was associated with shifts in glucosinolate composition and required MYC2/3/4 transcription factors, DNA (de)methylation pathways and the small RNA (sRNA)-binding protein ARGONOUTE1 (AGO1). Although methylome analysis did not reveal consistent changes in DNA methylation near MYC2/3/4-controlled genes, JA-treated plants were specifically enriched with hypomethylated ATREP2 transposable elements (TEs), while ATREP2-derived sRNAs showed increased association with AGO1. Our results indicate that AGO1-associated sRNAs from hypomethylated ATREP2 TEs trans-regulate long-lasting memory of JA-dependent immunity.
Finite-time Tracking Control with Velocity Constraints for the Stochastic Rehabilitative Training Walker System Considering Different Rehabilitee Masses
Authors: Sun Ping , Wang Shuoyu , Shan Rui
Published: August 2021

This study discusses a finite-time tracking controller for a rehabilitative training walker that imposes velocity constraints. The walker was described using a stochastic model through which the rehabilitee mass can randomly change, and a velocity constraint method was proposed to control the velocity input to every omniwheel based on a model predictive algorithm. This approach is novel in that the velocity constraint information obtained from the kinematics model was used to design the tracking controller based on the stochastic dynamic model, thus successfully constraining the actual velocity of walker as per the stochastic system. The nonlinear tracking controller was built for the stochastic rehabilitative walker to make the system’s finite time stable. Also, simulation and experiment were performed, and results confirmed that the proposed tracking control method with velocity constraints is very effective, so it may enable various rehabilitees to train safely.
Potential ligand-receptor-pathway cascades and a novel non-metabolic function of lactate in remodeling uterine receptivity by inducing endometrial histone lactylation at implantation, revealed by a proteomic atlas of maternal-fetal crosstalk
Authors: Yang Qianying , Liu Juan , Wang Yue , Zhao Wei , Wang Wenjing , Cui Jian , Yang Jiajun , Yue Yuan , Zhang Shuai , Chu Meiqiang , Lyu Qingji , Ma Lizhu , Tang Yawen , Hu Yupei , Miao Kai , Zhao Haichao , Tian Jianhui , An Lei
Published: August 2021

Well-orchestrated maternal-fetal crosstalk involves secreted ligands, interacting receptors, and coupled pathways between the conceptus and endometrium. However, previous researches mainly focused on either the conceptus or endometrium in isolation. The lack of integrated analysis, especially on protein levels, has made it challenging to advance our understanding of the crosstalk. Herein, focusing on ligand–receptor complexes and coupled pathways at maternal-fetal interface in sheep, a well-established embryo implantation model, we provide the first comprehensive proteomic atlas of ligand-receptor-pathway cascades that may be essential for implantation. Based on these candidate interactions, we further revealed the physical interaction of albumin-claudin 4 and their role in facilitating embryo attachment to endometrium. More interestingly, we demonstrated a novel non-metabolic function of enhanced conceptus glycolysis in remodeling uterine receptivity, by inducing endometrial histone lactylation, a newly identified histone modification. Our results from in vitro and in vivo models supported the essential role of lactate, as a key embryonic signal, in regulating redox homeostasis and apoptotic balance to ensure successful implantation. Our study identified many putative molecular and cellular mechanisms that fine-tuned conceptus-endometrium crosstalk during implantation, thus providing important clues for developing potential clinical intervention strategies to improve pregnancy outcomes following both natural conception and assisted reproduction.
Effect of pile driving on ground vibration in clay soil: Numerical and experimental study
Authors: Noori Hirad Shamimi , Shirinabadi Reza , Moosavi Ehsan
Published: August 2021

In this study, peak particle velocity (PPV) values for driving three piles with 40 cm, 50 cm, and 70 cm in a clayey soil through the impact piling method are investigated by an experimental study and a numerical simulation. An experimental study is carried out on a scale of 1:20 of the operation. Numerical simulation is performed by using an axisymmetric model in PLAXIS 2D finite element software. Properties of the soil and the piles used in the experimental study are obtained from geotechnical tests and employed in the numerical simulation. The model has been verified by comparing the acquired PPV values with those measured in the experimental study. The results show a good agreement between the computed values and the field data. Moreover, measured peak particle velocities in the experimental study indicate that an increase in the diameter of the pile can increase the level of ground vibration. Some sensitivity analyses have been performed by numerical modeling to determine the effect of soil and pile properties on the changes of PPV. The results indicate that increase in friction angle of the soil and pile diameter and reduction in elastic modulus of soil will increase the level of ground vibration.
An Immune-associated lncRNA Signature Predicts the Survival of Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jian , Bian Qinjiang , Liu Jialin , Du Lijuan , Moming Adili
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe malignant progression and treatment resistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a regulatory role in this process and may be exploited as new signatures for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.MethodsHNSCC transcriptome data was abstracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data resource, and uncovered immune-linked lncRNA through co-expression analysis. Besides, univariate along with Lasso penalty regression were employed to determine immune-linked lncRNA pairs with different expressions. We then compared area under the curve, calculated the Akaike information criterion (AIC) value of the receiver operating characteristic curve for 5 years, determined cutoff points, and established an optimal predictive model for identifying high- and low-risk HNSCC patients. Then, we evaluated these patients with high- and low-risk HNSCC in terms of survival, clinic-pathological characteristics, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, chemotherapeutic efficacy, and immunosuppressed biomarkers.ResultsThis study included 545 samples. By co-expression analysis of known immune-linked genes and lncRNAs, a total of 809 immune-related lncRNAs were collected. 77 differentially expressed immune-related lncRNAs were identified (logFC>2,FDR<0.01). The identified differentially-expressed immune-linked lncRNAs were used to develop differential immune-linked lncRNA pairs. Univariate and modified Lasso regression analysis identified 40 differentially expressed immune linked lncRNAs pairs, 17 of which were incorporated in the Cox proportional hazard model by a stepwise approach. The signature could well predict the survival of patients, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of 17 lncRNA pairs predicted 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates (AUC) were all greater than 0.74. Kaplan-Meier analysis found that patients at low risk had longer survival than those in the high-risk group (p<.001). In addition, T stage, survival status, N stage, and clinical stage, were remarkably linked to the risk. The high- and low risk groups were correlated with tumor invading immune cells like macrophages, CD8+ T-cells, monocytes, along with CD4+ T-cells. ICI-related biomarker correlation analysis showed high risk scores were positively linked to high CDK8 expression (p<0.001) and negatively correlated with BTLA , LAG3 and PDCD1 (p<0.001). High-risk scores were correlated with lower IC50 for chemotherapeutics like Docetaxel (p<0.01), indicating that this model can predict chemotherapeutic efficacy.ConclusionsOur results offer promising prospects for identifying innovative molecular targets of immunotherapy and to improve therapeutic approaches for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients.
Measurements of the Planck length from a Ball-Clock without Knowledge of Newton’s Gravitational Constant G or the Planck Constant
Authors: haug espen
Published: August 2021

In this paper we show how one can extract the Planck length from ball with a built-in stopwatch with no knowledge of the Newtonian gravitational constant or the Planck constant. This is remarkable as until recently it has been assumed one cannot find the Planck length without knowledge of Newton’s gravitational constant. This method of measuring the Planck length should also be of great interest to not only physics researchers but also to physics teachers and students as it conveniently demonstrates that the Plank length is directly linked to gravitational phenomena, not only theoretically, but practically. To demonstrate that this is more than a theory we report 100 measurements of the Planck length using this simple approach. We will claim that, despite the mathematical and experimental simplicity, our findings could be of great importance in better understanding the Planck scale, as our findings strongly support the idea that to detect gravity is to detect the e↵ects from the Planck scale indirectly.
Computational Study of the Dissolution of Cellulose into Single Chains: the Role of the Solvent and Agitation
Authors: Bering Eivind , Torstensen Jonathan , Lervik Anders , de Wijn Astrid S.
Published: August 2021

We investigate the dissolution mechanism of cellulose using molecular dynamics simulations in both water and a mixture solvent consisting of water with Na + , OH - and urea. As a first computational study of its kind, we apply periodic external forces that mimic agitation of the suspension. Without the agitation, the bundles do not dissolve, neither in water nor solvent. In the solvent mixture the bundle swells up with significant amounts of urea entering the bundle, as well as more water than in the bundles subjected to pure water. We also find that the mixture solution stabilizes cellulose sheets, while in water these immediately collapse into bundles. Under agitation the bundles dissolve more easily in the solvent mixture than in water, where sheets of cellulose remain that are bound together through hydrophobic interactions. Our findings highlight the importance of urea in the solvent, as well as the hydrophobic interactions, and are consistent with experimental results.
Bioinformatic Modelling of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic With a Focus on Country-Specific Dynamics
Authors: Liu Jakub , Suchocki Tomasz , Szyda Joanna
Published: August 2021

One of the seminal events since 2019 has been the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Countries have adopted various policies to deal with it, but they also differ in their socio-geographical characteristics and in the public health care facilities. The aim of our study was to investigate differences between epidemiological parameters across countries. The analysed data represents SARS-CoV-2 repository provided by the Johns Hopkins University. Separately for each country we estimated recovery and mortality rates using the SIRD model applied to the first 30, 60, 150 and 300 days of the pandemic. Moreover, a mixture of normal distributions was fitted to the number of confirmed cases and deaths during the first 300 days. The estimates of peaks’ means and variances were used to identify countries with outlying parameters. For the period of 300 days Belgium, Cyprus, France, the Netherlands, Serbia and the UK were classified as outliers by all three outlier detection methods. Yemen was classified as an outlier for each of the four considered timeframes, due to high mortality rates. During the first 300 days of the pandemic the majority of countries underwent three peaks in the number of confirmed cases, except Australia and Kazakhstan with two peaks.
Impact of Different Ventilation Strategies on Gas Exchanges and Circulation During Prolonged Mechanical Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation in a Porcine Model
Authors: FRITZ Caroline , JAEGER Deborah , LUO Yun , LARDENOIS Emilie , BADAT Bilal , ROQUET Florian Eric , RIGOLLOT Marceau , KIMMOUN Antoine , TRAN N'Guyen , RICHARD Jean-Christophe , CHOUIHED Tahar , LEVY Bruno
Published: August 2021

Background: Optimal ventilation during cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is still controversial. Ventilation is expected to provide sufficient arterial oxygen content and adequate carbon dioxide removal, while minimizing the risk of circulatory impairment. The objective of the present study was to compare three ventilation strategies in a porcine model during mechanical continuous chest compressions (CCC) according to arterial oxygenation and hemodynamic impact. MethodVentricular fibrillation was induced and followed by five no-flow minutes and thirty low-flow minutes resuscitation with mechanical-CCC without vasopressive drugs administration. Three groups of eight Landras pig were randomized according to the ventilation strategy: i) Standard volume-control mode (SD-group); ii) bi-level pressure mode (CPV-group); iii) continuous insufflation with Boussignac Cardiac-Arrest Device (BC-group). We assessed i) arterial blood gases, ii) macro hemodynamics, iii) tissular cerebral macro and micro-circulation and iiii) airway pressure, minute ventilation at baseline and every five minutes during the protocol. Results: Arterial PaO2 level was higher at each measurement time in SD-group (>200mmHg) compare to CPV-group and BC-group (p<0.01). In BC-group, arterial PaCO2 level was significantly higher (>90mmHg) than in SD and CPV groups (p<0.01). There was no difference between groups concerning hemodynamic parameters, cerebral perfusion and microcirculation. Conclusion: Ventilation modalities in this porcine model of prolonged CPR influence oxygenation and decarboxylation without impairing circulation and cerebral perfusion.
The Spin-Dependent Properties of Silicon Carbide/Graphene Nanoribbons Junctions with Vacancy Defects
Authors: Khanlar Golnaz , Vishkayi Sahar Izadi , Soleimani H. Rahimpour
Published: August 2021

We have designed high-efficient spin-filtering junctions composed of graphene and silicon carbide nanoribbons. We have calculated the spin and charge transport in the junction by non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism combined with the density functional theory to find its spin-dependent electrical conductance, thermal conductance and Seebeck coefficient. In addition, the effect of Si and C atoms vacancies on the transport properties of the junction has been carefully investigated. The enhanced spin-filtering is clearly observed due to the edge and vacancy effects. On the other hand, vacancy defects increase the electrical and spin conductances of the junctions. The results show that the considered junctions are half-metal with reduced thermal conductance which makes them a suitable spin-dependent thermoelectric device. Our results predict the promising potential of the considered junctions for application in spintronic devices.
The Role of Anterior Bladder Flap Neourethra (ABFN) in Early Urinary Continence after Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy The Anterior Bladder Flap Neourethra (ABFN) in RP
Authors: Xu Zhibin , Guo MaoMao , Bian Hao , Li Zhenchi , Wang Chen , Hong Zengxu , Wang Jiangping
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of anterior bladder flap neourethra (ABFN) technique on early urinary continence after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(RP).
Materials and Methods

Forty patients who underwent laparoscopic RP January 2019 to January 2021 were prospectively randomized into two groups: the ABFN group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20). We compared continence rates and ICIQ-SF at 1d, 30 d, 90 d and 180 d after catheter removal. In addition, the urethral pressure of two groups, the length and thickness of neourethra in the ABFN group were measured at one week after catheter removal.
Results

The ABFN group had marked improvement incontinence rates at 1d, 30d and 90d after catheter removal vs the control group, while had the nearly same continence rate at 180 d. ICIQ-SF scores of the ABFN group were lower than the control group. Maximal urethral pressure (MUP), functional urethral length (FUL) and functional urethral area (UFA) for the ABFN group has significantly improvement than the control group. MRI showed that the neourethral length of the ABFN group was 13.7–16.2 mm, the thickness was 3.6–5.2 mm.
Conclusions

The ABFN technique markedly improved the early continence rate after laparoscopic RP.
Multi-Omics Analysis Defines 5-Fluorouracil Drug Resistance in 3D Hela Carcinoma Cell Model
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Xueting , Wang Tong , Zhuang Yingping , WANG GUAN
Published: August 2021

Cervical cancer is a serious health problem in women around the globe, with 600 thousand new cases each year. However, the use of clinical drug is seriously dampened by the development of drug resistance, which has been evidenced to be associated with metabolic reprogramming and heterogeneity in tumor cells. Efficient in vitro tumor model is essential to improve the efficiency of drug screening and the accuracy of clinical application. Multicellular tumor spheroids (MTSs) can in a way recapitulates tumor traits in vivo, thereby representing a powerful transitional model between 2D monolayer culture and xenograft. In this study, based on the liquid overlay method, a protocol for rapid generation of the MTSs with uniform size and high reproducibility in a high-throughput manner was established. As expected, the cytotoxicity results showed that there was enhanced 5-FU resistance of HeLa carcinoma cells in 3D MTSs than 2D monolayer culture with a resistance index of 5.72. In the presence of both glucose and glutamine, HeLa carcinoma cells preferentially used glutamine as the bioenergetic substrate to support cell proliferation and maintenance under all conditions, while the ubiquitous by-product ammonium might be only recycled in the 3D MTSs. Furthermore, in order to obtain a holistic view of the molecular mechanisms that drive 5-FU resistance in 3D HeLa carcinoma cells, a multi-omics study was applied to discover hidden biological regularities. It was observed that in the 3D MTSs mitochondrial function-related proteins and the metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) were significantly decreased, and the cellular metabolism was shifted towards glycolysis. The differences in the protein synthesis, processing, and transportation between 2D monolayer cultures and 3D MTSs was significant, mainly in the heat shock protein family, with the upregulation of protein folding function in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which promoted the maintenance of ER homeostasis in the 3D MTSs. In addition, at the transcript and protein level, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., laminin and collagen) were up-regulated in the 3D MTSs, which enhanced the physical barrier of drug penetration. Summarizing, this study formulates a rapid, scalable and reproducible in vitro model of 3D MTS for drug screening purposes, and the findings establish a critical role of glycolytic metabolism, ER hemostasis and ECM proteins expression profiling in tumor chemoresistance of HeLa carcinoma cells towards 5-FU.
Degenerative Joint Disease Induced by Repeated Intra-Articular Injections of Monosodium Urate Crystals in Rats as Investigated by Translational Imaging
Authors: Accart Nathalie , Dawson Janet , Obrecht Michael , Lambert Christian , Flueckiger Manuela , Kreider Julie , Hatakeyama Shinji , Richards Peter , Beckmann Nicolau
Published: August 2021

Effects of repeated injection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), into rat knee joints every two weeks for a maximum of five administrations were investigated. Joint swelling, nociception and hard/soft tissue changes were assessed longitudinally by non-invasive imaging. MSU crystals induced joint swelling, synovial membrane thickening, fibrosis of the infrapatellar fat pad, tidemark breaching, and cartilage invasion by inflammatory cells. Several inflammatory proteins were present in synovial fluid. A higher sensitivity to mechanical stimulus was detected in paws of limbs receiving MSU/LPS compared to saline-injected limbs. In MSU/LPS-challenged joints, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed increased synovial fluid volume in the posterior region of the joint, alterations in the infrapatellar fat pad reflecting a progressive decrease of fat volume and fibrosis formation, and a significant increase in the relaxation time T2 in femoral cartilage, consistent with a reduction of proteoglycan content. MRI also showed cyst formation in the tibia, femur remodeling, and T2 reductions in extensor muscles consistent with fibrosis development. Repeated intra-articular MSU/LPS injections in the rat knee joint induced pathology in multiple tissues and may be a useful means to investigate the relationship between urate crystal deposition and the development of degenerative joint disease.
Surface Quality Analysis of AZ31B Mg Alloy Sheet in Ultrasonic-Assisted Warm Single-Point Incremental Forming
Authors: Liao Juan , Zeng Xiangshou , Xue Xin
Published: August 2021

With a view to improving the surface quality of the magnesium (Mg) alloy at a warm temperature, the ultrasonic-assisted warm single point incremental forming (SPIF) is proposed. The surface quality of the Mg alloy during the warm SPIF is primarily affected by two parts: the orange peel patterns of the non-contact surface and the scratches and adhesive wear of the contact surface. In this work, the surface quality of the AZ31B Mg alloy sheet parts at different forming temperatures and ultrasonic amplitudes is evaluated by examining the surface roughness and topography. The results show that the generation of orange peel patterns is significantly affected by temperature. In addition, scratches and adhesive wear of the contact surface increase with the rising temperature. After applying the ultrasonic vibration (UV), the quality of both the non-contact and the contact surfaces of the parts are significantly improved, but too large ultrasonic amplitude slightly reduces the surface quality. Moreover, the microstructural examination results show that UV has a great effect on dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement, which positively affects surface quality improvement.
RETRACTED: A new method for layout layer optimization of long horizontal borehole for gas extraction in overlying strata: a case study in Guhanshan coalmine, China
Authors: Guo Wenbing , Guo Mingjie , Yuan Ruifu , Zhao Gaobo , Li Guofu , Tan Yi , Bai Erhu , Ma Zhibao
Published: August 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Identification of novel candidate factor SNX5 specific for pregnancy failure in Holstein heifers
Authors: Kusama Kazuya , Bai Rulan , Matsuno Yuta , Ideta Atsushi , Sakurai Toshihiro , Nagaoka Kentaro , Hori Masatoshi , Imakawa Kazuhiko
Published: August 2021

Pregnancy loss predominantly occurs during periods between blastocyst hatching and conceptus (embryo plus extraembryonic membranes) implantation to the endometrium in cattle. Insufficient biochemical communication between conceptus and endometrium has been suspected as the primary cause for early embryonic losses. If molecules regulating this communication were identified, molecular mechanisms associated with early pregnancy success or loss could be better understood. To identify novel factors as detection markers of non-pregnant or females undergoing embryonic loss, blood sera from embryo-transferred heifers on day 7 (day 0 = day of estrus) were collected on day 17, 20, or 22, which were subjected to metabolome and global proteome iTRAQ analyses. On each sample, the metabolome analysis partly divided serum components into pregnant or not. In the iTRAQ analysis, heatmap analysis with 25 unique proteins separated into pregnant or not on day 20 or 22. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis identified five candidate proteins detecting non-pregnant heifers, of which SNX5 in day 22 sera had the highest area under the curve (AUC), 0.983. We also detected SNX5 in day 22 sera from non-pregnant heifers using western blotting. These results suggest that high SNX5 in day 22 sera could predict early pregnancy loss in heifers.
iTRAQ Based Protein Profile Analysis Revealed Key Proteins Involved in Regulation of Drought-Tolerance During Seed Germination in Adzuki Bean
Authors: Han Xuesong , Yang Fangwen , Zhao Yongguo , Chen Hongwei , Wan Zhenghuang , Li Li , Sun Longqing , Liu Liangjun , Jiao chunhai , Liu Changyan , Sha Aihua
Published: August 2021

Adzuki bean is famous as its high-quality protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals as well as rich bioactive substances. However, it is vulnerable to drought at the germination stage. Up to date, little information is available about the genetic controls of drought tolerance during seed germination in adzuki bean. In this study, differential expression proteins（DEPs）were identified based on iTRAQ technology during seed germination between the drought-tolerant variety 17235 and drought-sensitive variety 17033 in adzuki bean. A total of 2834 proteins were identified in the two adzuki bean in the germinating seeds. Eighty-seven and eighty DEPs were increased and decreased accumulation in variety 17235 compared to 17033 under drought, respectively. Meanwhile, 132/205 and 144/123 DEPs were up- or down-regulated in 17235 and 17033 under drought compared to the control, respectively. GO, KEGG, and PPI analysis revealed that the proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism and energy production showed abundantly increase in response to drought stresses. Ectopic overexpression of one candidate encoding V-ATPase in tobacco enhanced the drought tolerance of plants. The results provide valuable insights into adzuki bean response to drought stress, and the DEPs might be applied to develop drought tolerant adzuki bean in breeding programs.
MAFB is a biomarker for cancer severity, prognostic marker, and a potential target for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Omar Samir , Kobayashi Naohiro , Siyam Mennatullah , Yadav Manoj , Inoue Yuri , Takahashi Satoru , hamada Michito
Published: August 2021

MAFB is a transcription factor specifically expressed in macrophages. Using in vitro and in vivo in mouse tumor models, our previous study suggested that MAFB could be a suitable marker for tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), besides MAFB is expressed in anti-inflammatory alternatively activated M2 macrophages in vitro. TAMs play a key role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by inducing immunosuppression, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis. However, finding a suitable specific biomarker and target for TAMs is challenging. Here, we demonstrated that MAFB could be used as a biomarker for TAMs and consequently, for severity in various human cancers, including lung, liver, colon, and pancreatic cancers, according to the immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of MAFB, CD68, and CD204.
Moreover, In a cohort of lung adenocarcinomas patients (n = 120), increased MAFB expression was related to increased tendency towards metastasis and poor overall survival rate. Further, we showed that MAFB expression was positively correlated to the expression of CD204 and CD68 in both human hepatocarcinoma and colon cancers. Our findings indicate that MAFB as a specific biomarker can be used as prognostic marker for Metastasis potential in Lung adenocarcinomas patients and also a biomarker for the severe Liver, Colon and pancreatic cancers. In addition, we showed that MAFB was expressed in Tumor associated macrophages expressing Programmed cell death protein-1 and/or Programmed cell death ligand 1 (TAM PD-1+ and TAM PD-L1+) cells in both human lung adenocarcinomas and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) mouse model. These findings indicate that MAFB can be a potential target for drug development against TAM PD-1+ and TAM PD-L1+ cells. In summary, transcriptional factor MAFB can be used as a specific biomarker, prognostic marker and a potential target for cancer immunotherapy against TAMs.
Fast-Running Theropods Tracks From the Early Cretaceous of La Rioja, Spain
Authors: Navarro-Lorbés Pablo , Ruiz Javier , Díaz-Martínez Ignacio , Isasmendi Erik , Sáez-Benito Patxi , Viera Luis , Pereda-Suberbiola Xabier , Torices Angélica
Published: August 2021

Theropod behaviour and biodynamics are intriguing questions that paleontology has been trying to resolve for a long time. The lack of extant groups with similar bipedalism has made it hard to answer some of the questions on the matter, yet theoretical biomechanical models have shed some light on the question of how fast theropods could run and what kind of movement they showed. The study of dinosaur tracks can help answer some of these questions due to the very nature of tracks as a product of the interaction of these animals with the environment. Two trackways belonging to fast-running theropods from the Lower Cretaceous Enciso Group of Igea (La Rioja) are presented here and compared with other fast-running theropod trackways published to date. The Lower Cretaceous Iberian fossil record and some features present in these footprints and trackways suggest a basal tetanuran, probably a carcharodontosaurid or spinosaurid, as a plausible trackmaker. Speed analysis shows that these trackways, with speed ranges of 6.5−10.3 and 8.8−12.4 ms-1, testify to some of the top speeds ever calculated for theropod tracks, shedding light on the question of dinosaur biodynamics and how these animals moved.
Neuroprotector Effect Of Strength Training In An Neuroinflammation Animal Model
Authors: de Gregório Elizama , Mendes Gabriela Cristiane , Somensi Lincon Bordignon , Lopes Luiza Freitas , Lima Karine Ramires , Carrazoni Guilherme Salgado , Neves Ben-Hur Souto , Picua Steffanie Severo , Silva Luísa Mota da , Carpes Pamela Billig Mello , Bonini Juliana Sartori , Silva Weber Cláudio da
Published: August 2021

Background: The preventive role of muscular strength in the diminishing of a neuroinflammation is yet unknown. In this study, the role of the prophylactic muscular strength exercise was investigated, whether it would diminish cognitive alterations and modify the antioxidant intracellular scenery in an animal neuroinflammation model of the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Methods: The animals received muscular strength training for eight weeks, three times a week. Subsequently, the stereotaxic surgery, with intra-hippocampal infusion of either saline solution or l ipopolysaccharide (LPS) was performed. Next, behavioral tests were performed: objects and social recognition. At last, the animals were euthanized and the collect of the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex were performed and, later, the dosage of the antioxidant activity was performed. Results: The results showed that the muscular strength exercises was capable of showing a beneficial prophylactic effect in the oxidative stress caused by an acute neuroinflammation. There was diminishing of the reduced glutathione concentration (GSH) and increase of the activity of the catalase enzyme (CAT) in the group (SE + LPS), regarding the control groups. In the prefrontal cortex, there was only an increase of the CAT activity in the group (SE + LPS), regarding the groups (CT) and (SE + SAL). As for the cognitive alterations there were found in the (SE + LPS) group, diminishing the mnemonic hazard of the discriminative and social memories, when compared to the control groups. Conclusion: We concluded, therefore, that the induction of a local inflammatory process in the hippocampus leads to mnemonic deficits in behavioral activities and increase of the GSH concentration, and that the muscular strength exercise performed prophylactically presents a protective effect capable of minimizing such mnemonic deficits and increasing the antioxidant defenses in mice that suffered a local neuroinflammatory process in the hippocampus.
Synthesis and Analgesic Potential of 4-[4–chloro-3- (trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-4-piperidinol analogues Against Pain Model in Mice
Authors: Haider Shazia , Saify Zafar , Mushtaq Nousheen , Siddiqui Faheema , Rao Toqeer , Mallick Tabinda , Begum Nasreen
Published: August 2021

In the study of designing pharmacophore models for analgesic, a series of 4-[4–chloro-3- (trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-4-piperidinol (TFMP) derivatives were synthesized and characterized by physical and spectral method (HR-EIMS, HR-FABMS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV, and FT-IR). The analgesic action of the synthesized derivatives was estimated by means of Hot Plate Method. Most of the compounds displayed potent analgesic efficacy and an ultrashort to long duration of action. The results indicate that these compounds are useful as analgesics. Qualitatively nine compounds resemble morphine in pharmacological action, whereas three derivatives are devoid of any significant analgesic potential. In conclusion, among active compounds 3 (188%), 5 (137%), 6 (162%), and 8 (107%) respectively emerged as most effective analgesic and they depressed peripheral and centrally mediated pain by opioid dependent and independent systems.
Identification Of Locking Segment In A High-Locality Landslide In Shidaguan, Southwest China
Authors: Zhou Yuntao , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhang Jiajia , Meng Minghui
Published: August 2021

Identification of the locking segments is crucial for assessing the potential runout risk and the overall stability of the high-locality landslide. However, during the field investigation, it is difficult to identify the locking segments before landslide failure due to their concealment. Tizicao landslide, a high-locality landslide, is used as the field example for the locking segments identification analysis in this study. Based on the geomorphology and spatial-temporal deformation in the landslide, the identification characteristics of the locking segments of the landslide are analyzed macroscopically, and the location and area of the locking segments are determined based on the analysis results. The field investigation methods are used to verify the identification results, including the monitoring of surface and deep displacement, geological borehole drilling, and oblique photography using drones. The results show that the locking segment of the Tizicao landslide lies at the southern slope toe, which covers an area of about 4.69 × 104 m2, accounting for 15.2% of the total area of the landslide. The significant different developmental characteristics are observed in respect of the surface displacement, deep displacement, surface crack, and sliding zone soil between locking and non-locking segments. It is concluded that the formation and evolution of the locking rock masses in the Tizicao landslide are closely related to the development of local folds and S-shaped river valleys, differential unloading due to river cutting, and earthquake-induced damage to rock masses in the landslide area.
The Natural Ligand for Metalloproteinase- Multifaceted Drug Target
Authors: Shivashankar Saranya , MK Sangeetha
Published: August 2021

Metalloproteinases are a group of proteinases that extensively depend on metals for their biological activity, i.e., digesting proteins. Their role in developmental stages is indispensable. However, the same enzyme is also found to be a crucial mediator of several diseases like cancer, atheroma, arthritis, atherosclerosis, aneurysms, nephritis, tissue ulcers, fibrosis, etc. Exogenous metalloproteinases cause severe pathological effects which may even lead to mortality in humans and other higher animals. The major source of exogenous metalloproteinases is through venomous snake bites, which causes exposure of normal tissue later blood vessels to the proteinases. Though the structure and function of metalloproteinases are highly conserved, the accidental exposure causes severe irreversible damages of the exposed tissues and blood vessels which otherwise is a highly regulated process with the endogenous metalloproteinases. Hence, finding a suitable metalloproteinases inhibitor is of great biological importance in mitigating pathological effects. Batimastat is an approved drug prescribed for cancer which mediates its action by inhibiting metalloproteinases. Batimastat is a synthetic hydroxamate molecule with a simple structure that prompted the search for the existence of similar phytochemicals in plants. Computational analysis revealed interaction of Andrographis paniculata phytochemicals with the M domain of snake venom metalloproteinase active site amino acid residues namely ASN203, ARG293, PHE203, LEU206, LYS199, and ALA122 similar to that of the reference compound batimastat. 14-acetylandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12 didehydroandrographolide, Andrograpanin, Isoandrographolide, and 14-deoxy-11-oxoandrographolide found to show maximum effectiveness against the metalloproteinase. Results of the current study show a possibility of developing potent drug targeting metalloproteinases from plants source.
Clinical Outcomes of Radiotherapy in Elderly and Younger Patients with T4 Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis
Authors: Takakusagi Yosuke , Kano Kio , Shima Satoshi , Tsuchida Keisuke , Mizoguchi Nobutaka , Serizawa Itsuko , Katoh Hiroyuki , Kamada Tadashi , Taniuchi Risa , Iino Misaki , Aoshika Tomomi , Saito Satoshi , Yoshida Daisaku
Published: August 2021

Background/AimThe standard of treatment for esophageal cancer with adjacent organ invasion (T4) has not been established. Radiotherapy (RT) is a treatment option, but its efficacy and safety in elderly patients remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of RT in elderly and younger patients with T4 esophageal cancer.Materials and MethodsSixty-nine patients with T4 esophageal cancer who underwent RT at the Kanagawa Cancer Center between January 2014 and November 2020 were included in this study. Patients aged ≥70 years were defined as the elderly group and those aged <70 years were defined as the younger group.The total dose of RT was set at 60 Gy in 30 fractions. Chemotherapy combined with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was administered concurrently with RT. The overall survival (OS) rate was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Adverse events were assessed using the CTCAE v4.0. Clinical outcomes were compared between the elderly and younger groups.ResultsThe median survival time (MST) of the elderly group was 21.5 months, and the OS rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 63.7%, 31.3%, and 15.6%, respectively. The MST of the younger group was 12.5 months, and the OS rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 52.2%, 29.4%, and 29.4%, respectively. A significant difference in OS was not observed between the two groups (p = 0.767). Themultivariate analysis revealed thatthe complete response (CR) of the primary tumor and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACTx) were significant predictors of OS (p< 0.001 and<0.001, respectively). Regarding toxicity, the frequency of thrombocytopenia was significantly higher in the elderly group, whereas the frequency of esophageal fistula was significantly higher in the younger group (p = 0.012 and 0.022, respectively). Other toxicities were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsOS was not significantly different between the elderly and younger groups. ACTx and CR were predictors of OS. The frequency of thrombocytopenia was higher in the elderly group and that of esophageal fistula was higher in the younger group. However, other toxicities were not significantly differentbetween the two groups.
Dynamic Tendon Grip (DTG™) Novel Knot Array Compared to Traditional Sutures for Zone Two Flexor Tendon Injury – A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Kadar Assaf , Fainzack Alon , Vigler Mordechai
Published: August 2021

BackgroundFlexor tendon injuries pose many challenges for the treating surgeon, the principal of which is creating a strong enough repair to allow early active motion, preserving a low-profile of the repair to prevent buckling and subsequent pulley venting. A main concern is that a low-profile repair is prone to gap formation and repair failure. The Dynamic Tendon Grip (DTG™) all suture staple device claims to allow a strong and low-profile repair of the flexor tendon. The purpose of this study is to test the effects of the DTG™ device in early active motion simulation on range of motion, load to failure and gap formation and to compare it to traditional suturing technique. MethodsTwelve fresh-frozen cadaveric fingers were assigned to two groups: DTG™ device (n=9) and traditional suturing (double Kessler 4-core suture and a peripheral suture, n=3). The deep flexor was incised and repaired in zone 2, and active motion simulation was carried out with a cyclic flexion-extension machine. Finger range of motion and gap formation were measured, as well as load to failure and method of repair failure. ResultsFollowing motion simulation, ROM decreased from 244.0 ± 9.9° to 234.5 ± 5.8° for the DTG™ device compared to 234.67 ± 6.51° to 211.67 ± 10.50° for traditional suturing. The DTG™ repair demonstrated gap formation of 0.93 ± 0.18 mm in 3 of 8 specimens after applying 1 kg load, which negated after load removal. Load to failure averaged 7.8 ± 2.36 kg for DTG™ and 6.76 ± 4.10 kg for the traditional repair. Repair failure occurred as the suture material broke for the DTG™ array and at the knot level for the traditional repair.ConclusionsThe DTG™ all-suture stapling concept achieved a strong low-profile repair in zone 2 flexor tendon injury after active motion simulation. Further clinical studies will be needed to determine the effectiveness of this device compared to traditional techniques.
Enhancing the Magnetization, Dielectric Loss and Photocatalytic Activity of Co-cu Ferrite Nanoparticles Via the Substitution of Rare Earth Ions
Authors: Abdo M.A. , Mansour S.F. , Al-Hazmi Faten , AlHammad M.S. , Sadeq M.S.
Published: August 2021

This study reports the impact of lanthanum substituted Co-Cu ferrite nanoparticles on the RhB dye disposal. Moreover, a complete investigation for the structural, magnetic and optical properties for Co0.5Cu0.5LaxFe2-xO4 (CCL) nanoferrites was executed. These nanocrystals synthesized via a combustion approach with a peculiar lattice parameter behavior; which discussed through three hypotheses. STEM-EDX micrographs of some selective samples confirm the nanocrystalline nature with presence of all constituents’ chemical elements CCL nanoferrites. The saturation magnetization of CCL nanoferrites was tuned with La3+ ions substitution. Contrary to the expected results, anisotropy constant introduced a decrement behavior with La/Fe substitution process. The microwave frequency (ωM) values for all CCL nanoparticles are in the range 11.87 GHz–9.46 GHz. The band gap has a peculiar behavior; a red shift and followed by a blue one. Through photodegradation testing, we explicate the RhB degradation mechanisms over our CCL nanoferrites. The nanoferrite Co0.5Cu0.5La0.15Fe1.85O4 has a moderate saturation magnetization, highest coercivity, and lowest loss which is a suitable candidate for data recording applications, furthermore can be utilized as a photocatalyst for RhB effluents removal with degradation efficiency 94.50% at 180 min solar radiation.
Research on wind field characteristics measured in inland city by Lidar
Authors: Jiawu LI , WANG Jun , Feng WANG
Published: August 2021

In order to study the wind characteristics in inland cities, a Wind3D 6000 Lidar which has many advantages in measuring wind parameters was placed on a campus in Xi’an city. Then, through filtering the original measurement data, the wind speed, wind direction, wind attack angle and turbulence intensity were analyzed using the data of nearly four months ranging from 64m to 610m. It is found that during the field measurement period, there is a linear correlation and Lorentz density function distribution between wind speed and height, but the power index law is not obvious. The wind direction changes obviously with the time and season but less along the height. The probability density of wind attack angle presents Gauss distribution, with an average value of about 1.35°, which is negatively linear correlated with height and wind speed. The probability density of turbulence shows the distribution characteristic of LogNormal density function, which increases first and then decreases with the height, and has a positive linear correlation with the wind attack angle.