bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Feasibility Study on Utilization of the Industrial Gas Waste Heat and Low-Temperature Floor Radiant Heating System in Resident Sub-District Based on the Heat Exchangers
Authors: Guo Qing Song , Li Xin , Zhang Jun , Liu Lei
Published: June 2012

We used the industrial gas waste heat as the heat source of low-temperature floor radiant heating system to save energy and protect our environment, which is the thing that predecessors didn’t do. So we designed heat exchangers, which are the key parts of them, and accurately calculated their heat transfer area by using the method of ε-NTU. Through temperature drop and pressure of the gas changed, we compared their variable quantity, and draw the conclusion that improving the temperature and pressure can reduce it effectively. Using this technology, we can save 30000 tons of anthracite into a heating season , which is worth ￥24,000,000 or so, in the resident sub-district ,whose heating building area of 10000 m2, so the practical application of it has very well prospect, and the research based on it has strong economic significance and social significance.
Failure Analysis on Tee Joint Crack of Subcritical Power Station Boiler Platen Superheater Header
Authors: Feng Yan Ting , Zheng Xiang Feng , Xu Xue Xia
Published: June 2012

Failure cause analysis was carried out on tee joint crack of boiler platen superheater header (12Cr1MoV) of subcritical power station applying microanalysis, mechanical properties test, chemical composition analysis, metallography examination and SEM observation etc. Results indicated that the tee joint crack originated at the original defects, connected with reheat cracks during propagation and led to leakage finally. The improper structure, the original welding defects, overhigh welding heat input, and excessive welding residual stress resulted in the leakage failure.
Performance Analysis of Transcritical CO2 Two Stage Compression Cycle with an Intercooler (TSCC+IC) and the Cycle with an Expander (TSCE+IC)
Authors: Tian Jing Rui , Wang Hong Li , Liu Hui Qin
Published: June 2012

In range of high pressure, the performance of two stage compression cycle with an expander (TSCE+IC) is better than the two stage cycle with an intercooler (TSCC+IC). In the cycle (TSCE+IC), the optimum discharge temperature is 42°C and the highest COP is 3.3, in the cycle (TSCC+IC), the optimum discharge temperature is 50°C and the highest COP is 3.07. In the cycle (TSCC+IC), the optimum intermediate pressure is 5.8MPa and the highest COP is 3.08, in the cycle (TSCE+IC), the optimum intermediate pressure is 6.2MPa and the highest COP is 3.33. With increasing of evaporating temperature or decreasing outlet temperature of gas cooler, the performance of cycle (TSCE+IC) or cycle (TSCC+IC) is an increasing trend. Under the same conditions, expander cycle performance superior to the throttle valve performance. Some fundamental data were obtained for improving cycle performance and developing the products of CO2 refrigeration air condition and heat pumps.
Effect of Heat Input on Toughness of Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zone of an Ultra Low Carbon Acicular Ferrite Steel
Authors: Xia Zheng Hai , Wan Xiang Liang , Tao Xue Li , Wu Kai Ming
Published: June 2012

The effect of heat input on toughness of coarse-grained heat-affected zone of an ultra low carbon acicular ferrite steel were investigated when the welding was conducted with high heat input. Microstructural observations, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses were conducted using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The microstructures of coarse-grained heat-affected zone consist of predominantly bainitic microstructure and a small proportion of acicular ferrite grains. The bainitic microstructures become coarsened with increasing heat input. The impact toughness of coarse-grained heat-affected zone remained at a higher level when the heat input ranged from 42 to 55 kJ/cm. It became not stable and dropped to a lower level when the heat input increased to 110150 kJ/cm. The enhancement in impact toughness was attributable to the MnS precipitation on the pre-formed Ti oxides as well as the formation of intragranular ferrite. When specimens were welded with higher heat input, the deterioration of impact toughness was caused by the coarsening of austenite grains.
The Study on Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Solidification on Secondary Cooling of Wide Slab Caster
Authors: Qi Xin Xia , Qi Jia
Published: June 2012

Using simulating and field experiment to analyze the influence of secondary cooling scheme for wide slab on the quality of blank, to find the theory for quality defect, develop new methods for better qualityblank, and try to make a way to improve quality level of blank.
Thermal Design and Thermal Analysis of an Enclosure in Harsh Environment Conditions
Authors: Li Kun , Yang Lian Fa , Pan Wei Zhi , Fu Guo Hua , Yang Lin Fang
Published: June 2012

The appropriate temperature is a critical factor for an enclosure with a stability guarantee. Therefore, in the prerequisite of vibration and Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) being satisfied, how to make effective thermal design is what the research staff are generally concerned about. Firstly, a comprehensive description of the overall structure for a sealed enclosure is provided. Then the cooling plate is designed by using the method of theoretical calculation. At the same time, the temperature of the enclosure is analyzed by using Flow Simulation; the distribution of temperature field for the enclosure is obtained. Both classical heat transfer theory and a computational approach are used to verify the enclosure cooling performance. It turns out that applying the method of combining the theoretical calculation and simulation analysis cannot only improve the reliability of thermal analysis, but can also provide some valuable references to the research staff.
Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of a Cooling System for Hot Stamping Tools
Authors: Mace Fabien , Lin Jian Ping , Min Jun Ying
Published: June 2012

Several studies and design of cooling systems for hot stamping tools have already been made. The phase transformations which occur during the process are known, and numerical simulations are now very close to the reality [1]. However these studies are often related to a specific part and can hardly be extrapolated to other parts. This paper presents several results based on a thermo-mechanical analysis which can be used to make a first design of a cooling system for hot stamping tool. A theoretical study describes the heat transfer from the tools to the cooling pipes related to different flow parameters. Numerical simulation with the software COMSOL Multiphysics has been carried out to obtain results about cooling rate and maximum stress into the tool against geometry parameters. The heat transfer model used for simulation has been validated through experiment. To finish a data analysis describes the relationship between the different parameters, more specifically their impact on the cooling. With this study we can now determine which pipes’ location and size and flow properties are likely to provide the most efficient cooling system, and which parameter we must modify to optimize it.
Austenite Continuous Cooling Transformation Curve of LF2 Steel
Authors: Mo Chun Li , Li Zhou , Guo Xu Ming
Published: June 2012

With the thermal expansion-metallograph method and hardness measurement,the critical point at of LF2 steel was determined at Gleeble1500 thermal mechaical simulator.By measuring different expanding curves of CCT in different cooling rate,CCT curve diagram was obtained.The affect of cooling rate on steel microstructure and hardness was studied.The results shown that there are four phase zone in the CCT diagram which meaning four different transformation may take place at LF2 steel cooling process,including ferrite ,pearlite,bainite,as well as martensite phase transformation.The Ms point is 320°C.All those provide the references for welding practice and help to establish new process.
Development of the Simulation Software for Secondary Cooling Heat Transfer in Beam Blank Continuous Casting Process Based on FLUENT
Authors: Liu Qiang , Xue Wei Feng , Yan Jian Wu , Chen Deng Fu , Ma Jian Feng
Published: June 2012

A 2D mathematical Model for heat transfer during solidification in the secondary cooling was established on researching the process of beam blank continuous casting. Meanwhile, the boundary conditions of heat transfer was subdivided into four parts, which is the radiation, spray cooling, heat conduction through roller and water accumulated evaporation in secondary cooling zoon, and improved the results accuracy. Moreover, heat transfer simulation software was designed and developed by a 2D mathematical Model based on FLUENT. The secondary development language UDF (User Define Function) and Scheme (a dialect of LISP) of FLUENT were used during the development. The software provided a platform for researching on the solidification and optimization of a secondary cooling system for a caster machine of beam blank.
Debonding Detection of Solid Rocket Motor Based on EMI Technology
Authors: Zhang Yu Xiang , Zhou Yun , Xu Fu Hou , Chen Shi Yi
Published: June 2012

At present, there is no effective online debonding monitoring method for solid rocket motor. In order to solve the problem, the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method is introduced into online debonding monitoring for solid rocket motor (SRM). The EMI model of PZT and SRM is developed. The finite element method is employed to analyze the electro-mechanical impedance of the PZT, the conductance curves of PZT are obtained with different damaging phase of SRM, the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) is used to assess the aging level. The result indicates that EMI as a new detection method is effective in identifying the existence and severity of cracks in SRM. As the debonding area increases, the difference of conductance curves becomes more obvious and the RMSD becomes larger.
Cigarette Filter Rod Measure Based on Morphological Image Processing
Authors: Huang Yuan Feng , Zhang Di Feng , Guo De Wen , Yang Shu Bin
Published: June 2012

Traditional touch measure method has the shortages of easily distorting cigarette filter rod, long measure time, not high measure precision and not online implementing. In order to overcome these, imaging measure technology is used to measure it. Firstly, preprocessing filtering is operated on the acquired image. Then sobel operator is used to detect the edge and binary filter rod target image is obtained through morphological processing after falsehood edge eliminating. After that correlation parameters are gained. Parameters measuring absolute error for two images acquired from the same filter rod under different illumination is 1.848%. Experiment proves that the proposed method can rapidly and correctly measure cigarette filter rod. It can effectively measure filter rod in practice.
The Determination of Reliability Test Times for Dynamic Mechanism
Authors: Guo Wei , Cui Wei Min , Li Hang Shuai , Yu Tian Xiang
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the dynamic mechanism is taken as an example for research sample size definition in Reliability Compliance Test and the Durability (Life) Test. When the fatigue life distribution is unknow, the test can be considered as a kind of success-failure test, which sample size is followed by binomial distribution. According to the central limit theorem, when the sample size is very large, it is followed by the Normal Distribution. When the two reliability targets and confidence degree were given, the total times of the test and the maximum times of the failure test can be calculated. In life test, the key point is to transform the test time into times of test.
Study on Corrosion Resisting Properties of High Precision 2Cr13 Narrow Steel Strip under Large Ratio of Width to Thickness
Authors: Liu Shi Feng , Xiao Qiang , Wang Bo Jian , Zhu Chen
Published: June 2012

2Cr13stainless strip is a very important raw material for producing Textile Accessories, owning to high economical efficiency of it with low alloying element mass fraction and highly C content. But the decay resistance of 2Cr13 is inferior relatively. We will discuss the decay resistance from alloying element and processes of quenching and tempering under different tensile force.
Study on CCD Measurement System Based on Image Processing
Authors: Zhao Wen Hui , Duan Zhen Yun , Zhao Ping , Zhao Wen Zhen
Published: June 2012

The measurement system based on industry CCD and image processing was established to measure 2D sizes of parts. The CCD sensors, lenses, illumination and image acquisition modes were chosen to establish hardware part, according to the requirement of views and precision. The software system was developed to extract the edge of the part from the digital image and transform it to a polynomial. The actual sizes of the part were measured with relative comparison calibrating method. Tests and analyses show that it is an untouched, automatic 2D Measurement system with high accuracy.
Research on the Sampling Frequency’s Range to Improve the Precision of All-Phase FFT Phase Measurement
Authors: Qin Hao Hua
Published: June 2012

To improve the precision of all-phase FFT (apFFT for short) phase measurement, this paper takes full advantages of the basic properties of apFFT spectral analysis and deduce the distribution range of sampling frequency. And through simulation experiment, this deduced range is verified. Moreover this paper points that, in contrast to the case of FFT, apFFT can acquire the high precision of phase measurement in a relatively wide range, which means that the hardware cost can be reduced. Therefore the proposed research is of both high theoretic value and of high engineering significance.
Application of Stress GM (1,1) Residual Error Model with New Equal Dimension Information on Bridge Construction Control
Authors: Hao Tian Zhi , Xie Xiao Li , Xie Jun
Published: June 2012

Stress is affected by many factors in the course of bridge construction, which is introduced in this paper. The stress changes are affected by a lot of uncertain factors that can’t use mechanical method for clear calculation, so that make prediction of stress becomes very difficult in the period of practical engineering, in order to solve this problem, the grey theory and the wide applicability in bridge construction monitoring are introduced in this paper. The stress data processing method, data generation method of the new equal dimension information are defined and researched, which combine with the introduction of GM (1,1) residual error model of grey equation solution, stress development and trend are forecasted precisely in the practical experience in the process of control, so the problem which can’t be solved by the complicated mechanics is solved by mathematical method. And set the Baise zhuzhou bridge as an example, practice has proved that stress GM (1,1) residual error model with the new equal dimension information can be applied for bridge construction monitoring with a higher prediction accuracy. Suggestion of stress forecast are proposed for bridge construction monitoring according to the actual control experience.
Hawking Radiation of Charged Particles as Tunneling from Kim Black Hole
Authors: Jiang Qing Quan
Published: June 2012

In this paper, when considering the conservation of energy, electric charge and angular momentum, we develop the Parikh-Wilczek’s quantum tunneling method to study the Hawking radiation of charged particles via tunneling from the event horizon of Kim black hole. The result shows the exact radiation spectrum deviates from the precisely thermal one, but satisfies an underlying unitary theory, which provides a possible solution to the information loss during the black hole evaporation.
Research of Porous Solid - Fluid Interface Scholte Wave
Authors: Xie Zu Feng , Han Qing Bang , Zhu Chang Ping
Published: June 2012

This paper establishes the theoretical model of Scholte wave velocity on the fluid-porous medium interface based on the Biot theory of porous media. We firstly simulates and analysis sound propagation characteristics of fluid-saturated porous, and then we deduces the secular equation of fluid-solid interface wave on semi-infinite half-space applying potential function method. This study will provide a theoretical guidance of detecting the interface wave between fluid and porous media.
Fast Detection of Nitrite with a Test Paper Tape
Authors: He Bao Shan , Wei Fang , Gao Na , Lu Qi Yu
Published: June 2012

A test paper tape on the determination of nitrite in food was designed, which is based on the diazotization of nitrite with sulfanilic acid under weakly acidic conditions then coupled with N-(1-Naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in forming the colour-producing response. Then the reaction membrane turned to purple-red. The deeper purple-red film was obtained in an increased nitrite concentration-dependent manner. Experimental results showed that nitrite concentrations were proportional to a values of the L a b color system. A favorable linearity was presented in the range of 25 to 5000 μg/mL. The correlation coefficient(r) was 0.984 and the whole testing time needed was about 1.5 min at room temperature.
Effects of Normal Pressure on the Clogging Behavior of Geotextile and Gap-Graded Soil Filtration Systems
Authors: Tong Zhao Xia , Chen Lun , Zhou Shao Peng
Published: June 2012

The applied loads have a significant role on the filtration property of soil and geotextile systems. This paper investigates the effects of normal pressure on the clogging behavior of geotextile and gap-graded soil filtration systems. The experimental results show that the clogging potential increases as the normal pressure increases. And a critical value for the normal pressure may exist. When the applied normal pressure is less than the critical value, the normal pressure has significant effects on the filtration systems. However, when the applied normal pressure exceeds the critical value, effects of the normal pressure on the soil-geotextile filtration systems are minor.
Study of PP/nano-TiO2 Composites on Plastic Mechanism after Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Wu Shan , Wu Yu Jiao , Long Shao Lei
Published: June 2012

Prepared PP/ nano-TiO2 composites by MeltExtrusion,according to compare the changing of their elongation at break、yield strength and tensile strength before and after microwave irradiation, using SEM、TEM and FIR to observe the change，then could obtain that on one side microwave irradiation could vibration the group of molecular chain, friction produce energy makes composites degradation, on the other side, it improves the distribution of inorganic particle in matrix, two phase compatibility and interface combination, from that ,we get the plastic mechanism of microwave irradiation.
A Comparative Optimization of Electrical Properties and Surface Morphology of Ti/Al/Ta/Au Ohmic Contacts in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Si(111), Sapphire, 4H-SiC Substrates
Authors: Cho Sung Jin , Wang Cong , Kim Nam Young
Published: June 2012

In the process of characterizing AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Si (111), Sapphire, 4H-SiC substrates, various Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) conditions for the Ti/Al/Ta/Au ohmic contact process and the resulting surface analysis have been investigated. In order to achieve a low ohmic contact resistance (RC) and a high quality surface morphology, we tested seven steps (800 °C to 920 °C) annealing temperatures and two steps (15, 30 sec) annealing times. According to these annealing temperatures and times, the optimal ohmic resistance of 3.62 × 10-6 Ohm • cm2 on Si(111) substrate, 9.44 × 10-6 Ohm • cm2 on Sapphire substrate and 1.24 × 10-6 Ohm • cm2 on 4H-SiC substrate are obtained at an annealing temperature of 850 °C and an annealing time of 30 sec, 800 °C and an annealing time of 30 sec and 900 °C and an annealing time of 30 sec, respectively. The surface morphologies of the ohmic contact metallization at different annealing temperatures are measured using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). AFM morphology Root Mean Square (RMS) level determines the relationship of the annealing temperature and the annealing time for all of the samples. According to these annealing temperatures and times, the optimal ohmic surface RMS roughness of 13.4 nm on Si(111) substrate, 3.8 nm on Sapphire substrate and 2.9 nm on 4H-SiC substrate are obtained at an annealing temperature of 850 °C and an annealing time of 30 sec, 800 °C and an annealing time of 30 sec and 900 °C and an annealing time of 30 sec, respectively.
Mechanism of Modified Sponge Iron Deoxygenization and its Application for High Pressure Boiler Feed Water
Authors: Xu Bo , Jia Ming Chun , Men Jin Feng
Published: June 2012

To promote the deoxygenization efficiency of modified sponge iron deaerator, the deoxygenization mechanism was studied with the aid of kinetics and characterized analysis. The application of modified sponge iron deaerator for high pressure boiler feed water was investigated as well. The results showed that the process of deoxygenization was a first order reaction regarding for active sites decay. The modified sponge iron was able to reduce dissolved oxygen (DO) level from ppm levels down to a few ppb levels and the dissolved iron in outlet can be removed completely by ion exchange resin. Therefore, the application of modified sponge iron deaerator for high pressure boiler feed water was feasible.
Impact of Coating Adhesive on Printability of Inkjet Paper
Authors: Zhang Yan
Published: June 2012

Paper plays an important role in determining image quality in inkjet printing. For high print quality, halftone dots should have minimal dot gain and sharp, circular edges, the receiving surface must have a line, high-porosity structure and be hydrophilic. Paper structure and surface chemistry requirements for good inkjet print quality are so unconventional that new paper grades for inkjet printing should be specially designed. This paper discuses the impact of coating adhesive on printability of inkjet paper.
Study on Physicochemical Properties of Tilapia Skin Collagen Scaffold Cross-Linked by EDC
Authors: Duan Zhou Wei , Shen Xuan Ri , Li Peng , Xia Guang Hua , Liu Zhe
Published: June 2012

In order to improve physicochemical properties of Tilapia skin collagen (TSC), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl amino-propyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) was used as a cross-linking agent for TSC matrices. The difference in physicochemical properties between cross-linked and uncross-linked TSC was characterized by measuring shrinkage temperature, water uptake and anti-enzyme effect. The results indicated that, after the cross-linking, the thermal stability was increased; the anti-enzyme effect was improved obviously. It is thus concluded that the EDC cross-linking greatly improve the physicochemical properties of TSC.
Effects of Reaction Temperature and Time on the Aluminothermic Reduction of Magnesia
Authors: Deng Peng , Liu Yu Qin , Ma Da Jian , Ma Hong Wen
Published: June 2012

The present paper focuses on the experimental investigation of the aluminothermic reduction of magnesia under vacuum condition with the fixed magnesia to aluminum molar ratio of 11:6. The influences of reaction temperature and time on the reduction ratio of magnesia were studied. The chemical composition, phase constitution and morphology of the condensed magnesium and the briquettes after thermal reduction were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry. The reduction ratio of magnesia increases with the increase in the reaction temperature and time. The briquettes after thermal reduction at 1050°C-1150°C are mainly composed of the spinel, unreacted magnesia and aluminum. The briquette after 1 hrs thermal reduction at 1200°C contains corundum, magnesium aluminium oxide, trace amount of spinel, unreacted MgO and aluminium.
Nano-Silica Based Sol-Gel Coating of Direct Dyed Cotton Fabric to Improve the Colorfastness Properties
Authors: Saleemi Sidra , Rind Nadir Ali
Published: June 2012

This research was aimed to achieve the better washing fastness of direct dyes using sol-gel after treatment. Early work indicates that the after treatments used to improve the wash fastness were affect the hue, rubbing and light fastness of direct dye and were environmentally hazardous because of containing formaldehyde and copper salts. The present process consists of simple pad-dry-cure method which is optimized. The prime focus of using sol-gel after-treatment is to make better wash fastness without affecting the properties discussed above. A series of nanosols were prepared from the selected silane derivatives, which were then applied on dyed cotton samples. Different tests were conducted on coated samples and compared to control. This method shows tremendous effect of increasing the washing fastness of direct dyes on cotton without essential loss of properties, such as hue, rubbing, light fastness and handle of the fabric.
Optimal Process Conditions for Levulinic Acid Synthesis from Glucose Using ZSM-5 Supported SO42-/ZrO2 Catalysts
Authors: Zhuang Jun Ping , Li Xue Ping , Liu Ying
Published: June 2012

Levulinic acid has been identified as a promising green, biomass derived platform chemical. Since the availability of fossil resources diminishes, the conversion of carbohydrates to Levulinic acid has become increasingly important. ZSM-5 supported SO42-/ZrO2 solid acid catalyst have been applied for the dehydration of glucose to Levulinic acid. With ZSM-5 supported SO42-/ZrO2 solid acid as the catalyst, an optimized Levulinic acid yield was obtained at 180 °C for 2.5 h with 3 g ZSM-5 supported SO42-/ZrO2 catalyst solid acid catalys and the highest Levulinic acid yield was 55.035%.
Friction Performance of the Bionic Surfaces with Convex Domes
Authors: Sun Hui , Xiao Lin Jing , Fu Zhou Yu
Published: June 2012

The bionic surfaces with convex domes were designed based on the bionic tribology. Using the self-made test-bed for measuring the plane friction coefficient, the friction coefficients between the samples and the belt were measured. The belt’s type used for tests is NN-100 and its number of plies is three, as a fixed contact surface. The samples consisted of the convex dome with spherical crown, convex cylinder and smooth rubber surface as a comparative sample as well. The influences of the press, temperature and loading time on the friction performance of the bionic surface with convex dome were analyzed by the friction coefficient in the different conditions. Compared with the measuring result of the smooth rubber surface, the increasing-friction effect of the bionic surface is analyzed and the influences on the bionic surface from the factors mentioned above are examined if they are the same with those on the smooth surface. According to the test results, the influences on the friction performance from the shape, dimension and hardness of the convex dome are discussed and the increasing-friction mechanism is analyzed.
Impact of Temperature on Thick Photoresist Lithography Process of Glass Microfluidic Chip
Authors: Li Qi Chang , Wang Guang Long , Lu Jiang Lei , Gao Feng Qi , Zhang Shan Shan
Published: June 2012

The positive photoresist AZ4620 was used for thick photoresist lithography of glass microfluidic chip. Different test temperature of soft baking, post exposure baking, hard baking, impacted the surface quality of photoresist layer, the adhesion of photoresist and glass matrix, the photoresist tolerance time, the etching rate and the maximum etching depth. The results show that the soft-bake temperature of 80°C improves the adhesion of the photoresist and the glass substrate well; PEB (post exposure bake) temperature of 60~70°Chelps to the quality of graphics after development; hard bake temperature of 80~90°Ccan conducive to a larger etching depth; through the controlling of heating temperature and mixing rate, it effectively improves the etching rate, increases the etching depth as well. It has been applied to the fast and high-volume production of a certain microfluidic detection chips.
Influence of Additives on Performance of Silicon Carbide Refractory
Authors: Guo You Fu , Zheng Ming Yue , Bu Jing Long , Chen Yue Jun , Yu Li Xue , Wang Zhi Fa
Published: June 2012

Silicon carbide with diffierent granularity was used as raw material, quartz, silica fume, aluminum powder or alumina was used as additive with dosages of 1% (in mass, similarly hereinafter), 3% and 5%. Silicon carbide refractory material was prepared in oxidizing atmosphere at 1400 °C for 3 h. Performence of samples were researched by measurements of apparent porosity, bulk density, bending strength at room temperature, thermal shock resistance and thermal expansion rate, and analyzed by SEM. The results showed that samples added silica fume have low thermal expansion rate and apparent porosity, high bending strength and bulk density, good thermal shock resistance, compact texture as well. It can be deduced that 5% silica fume plays the excellent role to improve integrated performance of silicon carbide refractory material.
Feasibility Study on Technology Named Liquid Explosive Applied in Volume Fracturing Transformation of Shale Gas Reservoir
Authors: Wu Jin Jun , Liu Li Cai
Published: June 2012

According to Chinese shale gas reservoir characteristics and its exploitation situation, based on principle of high energy gas fracturing, combined with theory on volume transformation technology of shale gas reservoir, the feasibility study of liquid explosive technology applied in volume fracturing transformation of shale gas reservoir is precede. Through analyzing action mechanism of liquid explosive technology, studying forming mechanism about multi-crack system produced in shale gas reservoir, and analyzing shale gas reservoir characteristics and drilling and completion technologies, etc., proving the feasibility of technological principle and process design about liquid explosive technology applied in volume transformation of shale gas reservoir, meanwhile, proposing the design adopts the technology combined hydraulic fracturing and liquid explosive together. Also advising to establish theoretical model and optimization design method through series of studying and experiments, and to do field test application, so as to provide a new technology way for its exploration and exploitation.
Study on Filter of Particle Concentration Signal in Silicon Powder Fluidized Bed
Authors: Liu Xing Yong , Yang Hu , Wang You Cheng , Deng Zhuo Xu
Published: June 2012

The concentration signal of silica powder in the fluidizing gas i.e. air under different operation conditions were determined. The pretreating effects of concentration signal of silica powder by low pass filtering, wavelet transform de-noising and wavelet packet de-noising were compared. And the optimum method of de-noising has been determined.
Preparation and Vibration Damping Characteristics of Wide Frequency Domain PVMQ/IIR Foam Materials
Authors: Luo Shi Kai , Ding Guo Fang , Li Jing Li , Sha Yan Song , Cheng Qing Min , Xu Mao
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we prepared foaming silicon rubber (PVMQ) /isobutylene-isoprene rubber (IIR) composites with chemical foaming technology. The DMA tests results showed that these foaming materials have effective damping characteristics in a wide temperature range. With the special vibrator, we found that the PVMQ/IIR foams that we prepared were the damping materials which has wide frequency domain, because they can keep high damping ratio in a wide frequency domain. When the preloading was between 1.0 mm and 1.7 mm, the structural damping did not change obviously. According to tests, we found that the damping ratio of these foams was fit to the simple equation .
Research and Development of Parylene Thin-Film Deposition and Application for Water-Proofing
Authors: Kuo Wen Cheng , Hsu Chao Yang
Published: June 2012

This research presents the development of parylene thin-film deposition from the micrometer scale to nanometer scale. Processes improved film uniformity by 6% in the nanometer scale to meet the requirements of new applications of parylene, such as the delamination layer of organic light-emitting diodes, the dielectric film of through-silicon-via, and water-proofing mobile phones. The application and process of water-proofing mobile phones is also examined. The tested mobile phone was coated with a 0.5 μm parylene coating and functioned properly while submerged underwater. The mobile phone is still operational; thus, nanoscale parylene deposition is a novel application for water-proofing mobile phones. The application does not concern problems associated with parts assembly or damaged rubber material.
Influence of Triethylamine Inhibitor Addition on the Sealing Process of 6063 Al Alloy
Authors: Yu Hui Cheng , Huang Xiao Xiao , Han Yan Yan , Wei Dong Ping
Published: June 2012

To improve the corrosion resistance of Al alloy, triethylamine (TEN) was added into the sealing solutions. Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) techniques were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of sealing coatings formed in different concentrations of triethylamine(TEN). Compared with the coatings with D. I. water and the bare aluminum alloy, the polarization curves show that the sealing coatings formed in 5.0 – 7 .0 g.L-1 triethylamine (TEN) solutions have more positive corrosion potential (Ecorr) and pitting corrosion potential (Epit), and lower corrosion current density (icorr). Electrochemical parameters of EIS indicate that the sealing coatings have higher corrosion resistance. The electrochemical test results show the prepared sealing coatings have better corrosion resistance.
Phase Equilibrium Study at 180°C in Synthetic Hecotire
Authors: Ma Jun , Jing Yan , Yao Ying , Jia Yong Zhong , Yue Du Yuan
Published: June 2012

In this paper, phase equilibrium of MgCl2-LiCl-Na2SiO3-H2O system at 180°C was researched. The solid phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Lithium silicate, hectorite, karpinskite and magnesium hydroxide were observed as solid phases. According to the analysis of XRD, the phase diagram was obtained. The phase diagram could be used as the theoretical principle for synthesis of hectorite and comprehensive utilization of concentrated natural brine.
Study on Influence Factors of Fly Ash and Metakaolin Based Geopolymer
Authors: Kuang Jing Zhong , Zhao Xiang Chuan , Shi Fang , Cao Hai Ying
Published: June 2012

Gepolymeric material is a new building material, which not only has the characteristics of organic polymer, ceramic and cement but also unique properties. The effects of four factors on the strength of fly ash and metakaolin based geopolymer were discussed with the orthogonal tests in this study, including fly ash content, NaOH solution concentration, solid-liquid ratio and the content of sodium silicate in the liquid phase. The results show that: content of fly ash 30%, NaOH solution concentration 12mol/L, solid-to-liquid ratio 4.5 and the content of sodium silicate in the liquid phase 65% is the best condition preparation of fly ash and metakaolin based geopolymer.
Electrochemical Studies of some New Mannich Bases Compounds as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Acidic Media
Authors: Feng Hui Xia , Li Jian , Gao Xiao Hong
Published: June 2012

The corrosion inhibition behaviour of four selected Mannich bases compounds,namely 3-((N-methyl,N-phenyl)-methyl)2,4-Acetylacetone(MPMAA),3-((N-phenyl)-methyl) 2,4-Acetylacetone (PMAA),3-((N, N-diethyl)-methyl) 2, 4-Acetylacetone(DMAA) and 3-((N, N-methyl)-methyl) 2, 4-Acetylacetone (MMAA) as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M HCl solutions. Tafel polarization methods were performed to determine the corrosion parameters and inhibition efﬁciencies. Experimental results showed that PMAA is an excellent inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in 1M HCl solutions; showing a maximum efficiency 92.3% at concentration of 40mg/L. Polarization studies showed that the Mannich bases compounds can be regarded as mixed-type inhibitors and the inhibition efﬁciency of the four inhibitors followed the order PMAA > MPMAA > DMAA > MMAA. Then scanning electron microscope (SEM)techniques were also employed to examine the mechanism of corrosion inhibition property.
Low Temperature Synthesis of Mullite Whisker by Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Process Combined with Molten Salt Method
Authors: Jiang Wei Hui , Wu Qian , Liu Jian Min , Zhu Qing Xia , Miao Li Feng
Published: June 2012

Using tetraethyl orthosilicate and anhydrous aluminum chloride as precursors, ethyl ether as oxygen donor, LiF as mineralizer, and Na2SO4-NaCl as compound molten salt, mullite whisker was synthesized in the low temperature by nonhydrolytic sol-gel process combined with molten salt method. The phase transformation of mixed powder composed of mullite xerogel and molten salt during the heat treatment and the microstructure of mullite whisker corresponding to different temperature were characterized by means of DTA-TG, XRD SEM and TEM. The results show that mullite crystal phase can be formed via non-hydrolytic sol-gel process combined with the molten salt method at 750°C. The synthetic effect of mullite get better as the temperature increased to 850°C, while NaAlSiO4 crystal phase is also detected. Mullite whisker, with diameters ranging from 300~500 nm and lengths of 3~5μm, is prepared at the temperature of 850°C.
Effects of Non-Ionic Surfactant on the Deep Temperature Flotation Agents of Hematite
Authors: Jiang Xiao Jun , Wang Yun Jin , Xu Hong Bo , Wang Jian
Published: June 2012

This investigation involves the effects of non-ionic surfactant materials on the industrial sodium oleate, sodium naphthenate and their mixtures at different temperatures by the surface tension methods. The effects on the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of sodium oleate were assessed by the Toween 80(T-80) presence, polyethylene glycol, polyether and other non-ionic surfactant. T-80 was proved more effective than other non-surfactant in increasing the sodium oleate CMC at same concentration. Using the optimal composition of sodium fatty acid and the surfactant can reduce the temperature of separation hematite from 43°C to 23°C, achieve the purpose of low carbon and energy saving.
Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Selenium (IV) by its Catalytic Effect on the Oxidation of Acid Chrome Blue K by Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zhou Zhi Rong , Zhang Li Zhen
Published: June 2012

Based on the oxidation of acid chrome blue K (ACBK) by hydrogen peroxide in 0.002 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, while 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) acts as an activator, a simple kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of Se(IV).The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of ACBK at 524 nm with a fixed-time method. The decrease in the absorbance of ACBK is proportional to the concentration of Se (IV) in the range 0.06–1.0 µg/L with a fixed time of 4–10 min from the initiation of the reaction. The limit of detection is 0.018 µg/L Se (IV). The influence of the factors such as acidity, concentration of reactants, reaction time, temperature and co-existing ions on the reaction is discussed. The optimum conditions of reaction are established and some kinetic parameters are determined. The apparent activation energy of catalytic reaction is 62.30 kJ/mol. The relative standard deviation for 11 replicate determination of 0.01 and 0.02 µg/25mL selenium (III) was calculated to be 2.3 % and 2.0 %, respectively. Combined with sulphydryl dextrane gel (SDG) separation and enriching, the method has been successfully applied to the determination of Se (IV) in foodstuff samples with the relative standard deviation of 1.1 %–3.7 % and the recovery of 99.0 %–104.0 %, the results are in good agreement with those provided by HG-AAS method.
Study on Corrosion Resistance of Al, Ni Brass with Processing State
Authors: Liu Yang , Jiang Yexin , Huang Zhi Gang , Wan Zhen Zhen
Published: June 2012

The dezincification corrosion resistance of complex aluminum-brass HAl72-2.5-1 was studied by weight-loss, metallographic analysis method and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The effect of processing states and Al content（2.0%、2.5%、3.0%）in brass on zinc corrosion resistant was investigated. The research result shows that corrosion resistant is affected greatly by processing state, as-cast organization is loose and with much beta phrase, the dezincification of beta phrase is easy in corrosion solution, corroded at 75°C in 1% CuCl2 solution for 30 days. The dezincification layer of as-cast brass is over 137.3μm. Compare with the as-cast alloy, the corrosion depth of brass plate hot-rolled is only about 70.6μm, because the recrystallization process and the β phase dissolved into α phase during hot rolling process, the construction is more condense than that in as-cast state. The corrosion goes easily along the grains orientation which occurs in cold rolling, and existence of residual stress accelerates stress corrosion, which turns higher corrosion rate than that hot-rolled brass. The corrosion velocity enhances with the increase of Al content in brass.
Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application of Mesoporous PW/SBA-15 for Epoxidation of α-Pinene
Authors: Zhu Dan Dan , Wu Chun Hua , Zhuang Chang Fu , Du Guan Ben , Zhang Jia Yan
Published: June 2012

Supported phosphotungstic acid SBA-15 were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, transmission electron micrographs (TEM), scanning electron micrographs (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). XRD and FT-IR results indicated that the substitution of tungsten occurs in the silicate framework structure of SBA-15. TEM and SEM investigations confirmed the presence of ordered high degree ordering hexagonal structure in the novel PW/SBA-15 material. Their catalytic activity was evaluated in the epoxidation of α-pinene. 2,3-epoxypinane was the main product. The results of epoxidation of α-pinene by PW(40)/SBA-15 were fellows: the conversion rate of α-pinene and the selectivity were 87.61% and 79.90% respectively.
Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Nitrogen Increasing in LF Refining Process
Authors: Ren Zheng De , Zhang Sheng Qin , Gao Zhu Bing , Zhang Qian Ying
Published: June 2012

Nitrogen is one of harmful elements in liquid steel. Reducing nitrogen quantity is required for making high-grade steel. This paper analyzes the reaction mechanism of nitrogen increasing through the methods of metallurgical thermodynamics and dynamics. In liquid steel dissolved nitrogen and nitrides are the main forms of nitrogen. The factors of influence on nitrogen increasing are temperature, kinds and quantity of the alloying elements in the liquid steel, , the lifetime of foam in foam slag, the quantity of flow of argon and so on. Analytical results of metallurgical thermodynamics and dynamics are verified by measuring nitrogen content in the links of LF refining process of new developed area of Chongqing steel and iron Co.Ltd.
Study of Surface Hardening to Injectors of Gasoline
Authors: López-Perrusquia Noe , Doñu-Ruíz Marco Antonio , Cortes-Suarez J.V. , Rosado-Cruz L. D. , Sanchez-Huitron David
Published: June 2012

This paper studies the formation of boride layers on substrate injector combustion AISI 304 per nozzle surface treatment in addition the formation of hard layers and FeB type Fe2B were obtained in a temperature range of 1223 and 1273 K with exposure times of 1/2, 1, 3 and 5 h. The study consisted boride type layer formed on the surface and the characterization of the boride layer were evaluated by the method by analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), the distribution of the alloying elements were detected by spectrometry energy Dispersive (EDS) inside the surface, the evaluation of adhesion of the layers was determined by the technique Rockwell-C hardness was also evaluated and the Young's modulus of the layer by the nanoindentation technique with the load of 200 mN. Finally this study hardening fuel injector; is desired increase its useful life.
Energy Transfer and Green/Red Phosphorescence in γ-Zn3(PO4)2:Mn2+, Ga3+
Authors: Zhong Rui Xia , Liu Zi Ran , Meng Xiao Peng , Li Ming Ya , Zhang Xiao Yan
Published: June 2012

In this letter, γ-Zn3(PO4)2: Mn2+ phosphors have only one emission band centered at 620 nm while two emission bands are observed in γ-Zn3(PO4)2: Mn2+, Ga3+, which are respectively centered at 507 nm and 620 nm. The spectral overlap between the green emission band and the excitation band monitored at 620 nm, which supports the occurrence of the energy transfer from Mn2+ (CN=4) to Mn2+ (CN=6), has been studied. The influence of Ga3+ ions on luminescence and long lasting phosphorescence properties of Mn2+ in phosphor γ-Zn3(PO4)2: Mn2+, Ga3+ are also investigated. It is found that the green/red phosphorescence performance of Mn2+ ion such as brightness and duration is largely improved when Ga3+ ion is co-doped into the matrix in which Mn2+ ion acts as luminescent center and Ga3+ ion plays an important role of electron trap.
Effects of Different Graphite Particle Sizes on the Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Xiao Li Guang , Li Guan Jie , Yan Cun You
Published: June 2012

By Using Two Different Kinds of the Graphite Particles 80 Mesh and 325 Mesh on the Whole Water-blown Rigid Polyurethane Foam, its Properties Will Be Modified and Improved. the Result Shows that both of them Can Improve the Compressive Strength of Matrix when the Graphite Content Is Low. the 80 Mesh Graphite Destroys the Pore Structure of the Matrix, Resulting in the Increase of the Thermal Conductivity. in Addition, the Tensile Properties Are Reduced. in Contrast, the 325 Mesh Graphite Reduces the Thermal Conductivity of the Matrix, and the Tensile Properties Get Improved. Meanwhile, the Thermal Stability Enhancement of 325 Mesh Graphite Is Better than 80 Mesh Graphite.
Dissolution of Cellulose in Ionic Liquids Assisted with Ethanol Pretreatment
Authors: Zhang Ai Ping , Liu Chuan Fu , Sun Run Cang
Published: June 2012

One of the major current challenges to the chemical industry is the efficient use of renewable lignocellulosic biomass for the production of performance materials, platform chemicals, and biofuels. Dissolution of natural polymers including cellulose in ionic liquids has attracted much more attention around all over the world. However, the time for complete dissolution of cellulose in ionic liquids was too long for processing and derivatization to produce industrial materials. Herein, ethanol pretreatment was introduced to improve cellulose dissolution in ionic liquids. The pretreated cellulose was easily wetted and penetrated for dissolution in ionic liquids, which efficiently avoided the formation of the agglomerates of cellulose mixed with air wrapped with viscous ionic liquids. The dissolution time of pretreated cellulose could decrease to 75 min under the given conditions. FT-IR and CP/MAS 13C-NMR analyses indicated that ethanol pretreatment and dissolution in ionic liquid did not lead to any functionalization of cellulose. It was also found that the crystalline structure of native cellulose was destroyed and the regenerated cellulose was mainly composed of amorphous structure. The thermal stability of cellulose decreased and the pyrolysis residues increased after dissolution and regeneration.
Study on Determination of Glucose in Amylofermentation Liquid Using Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
Authors: He Bao Shan , Gao Na , Wei Fang , Lu Qi Yu
Published: June 2012

In the presence of glucose oxidase, glucose in samples was oxygenated to hydrogen peroxide, the solution turned from colourless to yellow upon the reaction of potassium titanyl oxalate to the generated hydrogen peroxide. Using ultraviolet spectrophotometry, a new optical method for detecting glucose in amylofermentation liquid has been established. Results demonstrated that glucose concentrations were proportional to absorbance at the maximum absorption wavelength of 380 nm. A favorable linearity was presented in the range of 1 mmol/L to 60 mmol/L. The linear coeffciency was 0.993. This method was simple, reliable, and could be used for determing glucose in samples.