bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pretos e Pretas de Nação: tecendo vínculos e reconstruindo vidas na diáspora, Desterro, 1850/1880
Authors: Malavota Claudia Mortari , Vieira Fábio Amorim
Published: March 2016

Este artigo busca evidenciar a presença das populações africanas, os chamados pretos de nação, na cidade do Desterro, na segunda metade do século XIX. A partir da pontuação de alguns de seus vínculos familiares e relações de trabalho, busca-se analisar os constantes processos de construção e reinvenção de suas identidades no contexto da diáspora. As fontes analisadas para tal abarcam notícias de jornais, ofícios criminais e cartoriais. As evidências apontam que os pretos e as pretas de nação ao desenvolverem seus trabalhos na cidade acabaram por estabelecer diversos vínculos de solidariedade, que indicam que criaram possibilidades de escolhas e lidaram com as incertezas de sua existência de uma forma que pode parecer ambígua, mas intrínsecas em suas vivências, dentro de um tempo e contexto de uma vila portuária ao Sul do Brasil.
A Magia dos Negros. Revisão histórica e problematização concetual de ‘religião’ no caso Yorùbá
Authors: Dias João Ferreira
Published: March 2016

O presente artigo visa observar o conceito de ‘religião’ e suas implicações conceituais para a observação das religiões africanas, partindo do caso dos yorùbás da África Ocidental. Pretende-se provar que o longo discurso histórico em torno de um modelo conceitual de religião é resultado de um ‘eurocentrismo metodológico’, fato que influi na aplicação das categorias ocidentais ao pensamento africano. Tal contorno metodológico expressa-se, nomeadamente, na concepção dicotômica entre ‘religião’ e ‘magia’. Pretende-se, então, traçar um roteiro diferente para a concetualização da experiência religiosa africana partindo do modelo yorùbá, onde o termo para designar ‘religião’, ẹ sin, remete para “dever” ou “obrigação”. Por fim, procurar-se-á pensar o que significa, então, teologia num contexto africano, conferindo um enquadramento teórico alternativo à observação das religiões africanas
Escravidão, Quotidiano e Gênero na Emergente Capital Alagoana (1849-1888)
Authors: Marques Danilo Luiz
Published: March 2016

Este presente artigo visa explanar sobre a escravidão em Maceió ao longo da segunda metade do século XIX. Para tanto, abordaremos o quotidiano como local de resistência de escravos e africanos livres perante a hegemonia senhorial. Como característica das cidades brasileiras oitocentistas, a presença da escravidão era marcante na vida social maceioense, tendo uma grande população de escravos, libertos, africanos livres e homens livres pobres circulando diariamente pelas ruas, becos e praças, fixando-se nos arredores da cidade, desenvolvendo seus arranjos de sobrevivência, buscando contrapor a hegemonia senhorial, delineando o viver urbano maceioense ao longo do século XIX. Dentro deste cenário, a presença de mulheres negras foi uma constante; elas teceram vivências nas ruas e praças da capital alagoana, compondo a paisagem urbana com seus costumes e inseridas num contexto de escravidão citadina. Desta maneira, foram fundamentais para a ordem doméstica e ao pequeno comércio.
Masculinidades coloniais no fim do império português: o a taque à Vila Alice, Luanda 1975
Authors: Paredes Margarida
Published: March 2016

Este trabalho reflete sobre o Ataque à Vila Alice, ataque conduzido em Luanda, Angola, pelas Forças Armadas Portuguesas no dia 27 de Julho de 1975 contra o MPLA, Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola. A reflexão enquadra esta ação militar num quadro de violência colonial ligada a arquétipos predominantemente masculinos e a paradigmas de masculinidades transversais a hierarquias de raça e género destinadas a humilhar e inferiorizar os africanos. Do ponto de vista da História e da Memória, no que diz respeito à análise de factos apurados na investigação historiográfica são confrontadas fontes escritas versus fontes orais. Na análise crítica e reflexiva, o trabalho centra-se fundamentalmente na desconstrução racial e genderizada do Ataque.
O testamento que validou José Eduardo dos Santos na presidência de Angola em 1979
Authors: Batsîkama Patrício
Published: March 2016

O testamento que validou José Eduardo dos Santos na presidência de Angola em 1979
Antirracismo, negritude e universalismo em Pele negra, máscaras brancas de Frantz Fanon
Authors: Rocha Gabriel Dos Santos
Published: March 2016

Esta resenha tem como objetivo analisar Pele negra, máscaras brancas, livro de estreia de Frantz Fanon no campo das letras, abordando as análises do autor martinicano sobre desdobramentos do racismo e do colonialismo como formas de dominação entre os seres humanos no mundo moderno, e sobre parte dos debates teóricos e literários que impulsionaram a luta antirracista e anticolonial no contexto pós-segunda Guerra Mundial.
Tradição Oral do Império de Gaza, Identidade Nyanga e Contestação ao colonialismo no sul de Moçambique (C. 1895-1956)
Authors: Santana Jacimara Souza
Published: March 2016

Até os dias atuais, na província de Gaza, Tinyanga (médicos-sacerdotes) e demais pessoas recorrem com frequência à tradição oral do seu antigo Império, rememorando, sobretudo, a atitude de seu último governo contra a colonização portuguesa, o rei Ngungunyane. No século XIX, os Tinyanga exerciam considerável influência no poder político e militar do Estado de Gaza e mantinham certa autoridade e influência na vida pública e pessoal dos povos africanos, lugar social que lhes foi negado com o advento da colonização portuguesa. Após a conquista, este grupo social foisubmetido a um processo galopante de desprestígio e marginalização social. Esta comunicação pretende mostrar como Tinyanga, ao sul de Moçambique, reagiram. Supomos que membros daquele coletivo serviram-se da tradição oral para reafirmar a legitimidade de seu papel na sociedade e, ao mesmo tempo, contestar a ordem colonizadora. Meu interesse é destacar a relevância do costume e suas reinvenções nos processos de contestação social movidos por coletivos  subalternizados, inclusive, no campo ritual que aqui é visto como espaços políticos e de transformação social ao invés de meios de controle social e acomodação de conflitos. Tal análise segue caminhos teóricos já apontados por outros  pesquisadores como Boubacar Barry, Terence Ranger, Paul Thompson e Van R. Dijk.
Fontes de pesquisa em Cabo Verde: o caso da Revolta dos Rendeiros no interior de Santiago (1822-1841)
Authors: Pereira Eduardo Adilson Camilo
Published: March 2016

Este artigo pretende analisar e compreender tanto a relação de poder quanto osinstrumentos legais de reivindicação contra as injustiças sociais no interior da ilha de Santiago, entre 1822 e 1841. Para tal, pretende analisar os requerimentos e os ofícios recebidos e dirigidos pelo governo geral de Cabo Verde, colectados no Arquivo Histórico Nacional de Cabo Verde, na cidade da Praia, no Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino e no Arquivo Histórico Militar, ambos emLisboa.Por outro lado, propõe analisar em que medida esses instrumentos administrativos refletiam a estrutura de poder vigente tanto no regime do governo geral quanto durante a vigência da prefeitura. Além disso, pretende compreender de que forma essas fontes permitem analisar os problemas sociais vigentes.
Entrevista: Percurso Artístico do Angolano Eleutério Sanches
Authors: Alves Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2016

Eleutério Sanches é poeta, artista plástico, músico e professor de Artes Plásticas. Nasceu em Luanda, Angola, em 1935. Antes de vir para Portugal estudar Belas Artes na Escola Superior de Belas Artes de Lisboa (ESBAL), em 1962, já se ocupava do desenho, música, pintura e teatro.
BIOBANCOS: CASOS DE ESTUDIO Y LECCIONES PARA COLOMBIA
Authors: Karaman Paola Andrea Paz
Published: March 2016

En este artículo se describen a partir de dos casos, el biobanco de Islandia y el de Estonia, los elementos característicos de cada biobanco y las condiciones necesarias para su creación. Igualmente se analizan el interés político, médico y económico vinculado a los biobancos en el marco de los derechos individuales y el Estado. Posteriormente se analiza la iniciativa de Proyecto de Ley que pretendía crear el primer banco de ADN financiado por el Estado colombiano, sus carencias y repercusiones en la sociedad colombiana.
CONTROLE DO TABACO: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE PATERNALISMO E LIBERDADE
Authors: Carvalho Laura Bastos
Published: March 2016

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar se as medidas adotadas no Brasil para o controle do tabaco são paternalistas e se elas de alguma forma restringem liberdades individuais. Primeiramente, serão analisadas as correntes teóricas a respeito do paternalismo e sua relação com a liberdade, com especial atenção à corrente do Paternalismo Libertário. Em seguida, analisar-se-ão as medidas adotadas no controle do tabaco em outros países e no Brasil. Por fim, analisar-se-á cada uma das medidas adotadas, buscando-se definir se elas restringem a liberdade e se há medidas alternativas menos restritivas. Chega-se, assim, à conclusão de que as medidas adotadas no Brasil, embora sejam majoritariamente paternalistas, não retiram necessariamente a liberdade dos indivíduos.
Resenha internacional: DERECHO Y SALUD COMO REALIDADES INTERACTIVAS
Authors: Vivas Marcelo Dayrell
Published: March 2016

Resenha sobre a publicação "DERECHO Y SALUD COMO REALIDADES INTERACTIVAS", de Jorge Tomillo Urbina e Joaquín Cayón de Las Cuevas (Coord.) (Aranzadi, Espanha, 2015)
BIODIREITO COMO LUGAR DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PERSPECTIVAS JURÍDICAS PARA A PROTEÇÃO DA VIDA
Authors: Pereira Henrique Mioranza Koppe
Published: March 2016

Apresentação do Tema em Debate sobre biodireito e bioética.
COMÉRCIO DE PRODUTOS BIOTECNOLÓGICOS NO BRASIL: UMA PROPOSTA DE INTERPRETAÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL COM BASE NA DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA E NO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À SAÚDE
Authors: Albuquerque Victor V. Carneiro de
Published: March 2016

A indústria farmacêutica investe no desenvolvimento de produtos baseados em substâncias humanas, sobretudo os obtidos por meio de manipulação celular e genética. Nada obstante, o marco legal brasileiro ainda se funda no paradigma de drogas sintéticas e, portanto, é pouco adaptado para regular novos produtos biotecnológicos em desenvolvimento. O presente artigo examina um dispositivo constitucional que traz norma sobre o comércio de substâncias humanas, com o objetivo de promover interpretação que melhor atenda ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana e promova o direito fundamental à saúde.
Inter- and intra-specific diversity in Agaricus endoxanthus and allied species reveals a new taxon, A. punjabensis
Authors: CHEN JIE , PARRA LUIS A. , DE KESEL ANDRÉ , KHALID ABDUL N. , QASIM TAYYABA , ASHRAF AISHA , BAHKALI ALI H. , HYDE KEVIN D. , ZHAO RUILIN , CALLAC PHILIPPE
Published: March 2016

Agaricus endoxanthus is one of the few species of Agaricus, which are broadly distributed across several continents. This typically tropical species has also been introduced and reported from European tropical greenhouses. To better circumscribe this taxon and understand its distribution, we investigated its intraspecific variability. Sixteen collections resembling A. endoxanthus from various regions were selected for morphological examination and sequencing. Through a combined morphological and molecular approach, nine specimens were identified as A. endoxanthus. No major morphological differences were detected among the studied specimens, however their ITS sequence data were highly variable. The presence of numerous heteromorphisms and the allelic distribution at certain pairs of loci indicate that hybridization and recombination have likely occurred throughout the history of certain samples. Based on the genetic distance and phylogenetic analyses, the observed high genetic diversity appeared unlinked to the geographic origin of the samples, possibly due to intercontinental trade. The seven remaining collections resembling A. endoxanthus were identified as A. moelleri, A. punjabensis, a phylogenetically close relative of A. endoxanthus introduced from Pakistan, A. volvatulus and a closely related species. The detailed description of A. volvatulus is given with data obtained from the type specimen and three African collections.
Measuring the Diverging Components of Race
Authors: Campbell Mary E. , Bratter Jenifer L. , Roth Wendy D.
Published: March 2016

This special issue brings together original research that advances the emerging subfield on the measurement and analysis of varying components of race. The articles provide insight into how social scientists can tease apart the multiple components of race and leverage them to better understand how race continues to divide life chances, creatively using existing and new sources of data. The articles speak to three key themes: how we can better understand the various ways that race is experienced, alternative approaches to measuring the different components of race, and the implications of race measures for understanding social inequality.
‘Report of the Committee on Mediumistic Phenomena’, by William James (1886)
Authors: Alvarado Carlos S
Published: March 2016

Mediumship was a topic of great interest to some nineteenth-century students of mental phenomena. Together with the phenomena of hypnosis and other manifestations, mediumship was seen by many as a dissociative phenomenon. The purpose of this Classic Text is to present an excerpt of an article about the topic that William James (1842–1910) published in 1886 in the Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research about American medium Leonora E. Piper (1857–1950). The article, an indication of late nineteenth-century interactions between dissociation studies and psychical research, was the first report of research with Mrs Piper, a widely investigated medium of great importance for the development of mediumship studies. In addition to studying the case as a dissociative experience, James explored the possibility that Piper’s mentation contained verifiable information suggestive of ‘supernormal’ knowledge. Consequently, James provides an example of a topic neglected in historical studies, the ideas of those who combined conventional dissociation studies with psychical research.
Negotiation and experience: Space and place in religious pilgrimage
Authors: Straub Leslie Ellen
Published: March 2016

This article examines the contribution of guiding to pilgrims’ negotiation of space and experience of place in religious pilgrimage. Written from an anthropological perspective and limited to selected national, regional, and local Christian pilgrimages in Costa Rica, it focuses on the roles, including mediation, of persons, places, and especially texts—oral, written, and environmental—significant in the guiding process. Data are drawn from relevant literature and the author’s ethnographic and ethnohistorical research in the Republic to explore those elements and both the manner and the contexts in which they help to form pilgrims’ expectations and experience of their sacred journey and its destination.
Leveson’s narrow pursuit of justice
Authors: Marsh Luke
Published: March 2016

Sir Brian Leveson’s Review of Efficiency in Criminal Proceedings (2015) represents the latest judicial effort in England and Wales supporting executive attempts, under the guise of ‘efficiency’ measures, to scale back protections traditionally afforded to criminal defendants and has dramatic implications for the maintenance of accurate case outcomes. This includes the integrity of the prosecution process, in particular the reliability of CPS decision-making; the quality and completeness of the disclosure regime; the culture of the CPS; and its management and oversight.

This article will argue that the Review adopts a narrow approach to ‘efficiency’ which takes no account of the interest in the accuracy of verdicts, as set out in Rule 1.1.(2)(a) of the Criminal Procedure Rules, and will have no bearing upon the ‘real inefficiencies’ of the process. What appears to be the core of the Review is in fact floss surrounding its competing ambition: shifting cases to magistrates, intensifying pressure to plead guilty, marginalizing the defence, and diminishing jury trial.
Delayed Neuroendocrine Sexual Maturation in Female Rats After a Very Low Dose of Bisphenol A Through Altered GABAergic Neurotransmission and Opposing Effects of a High Dose
Authors: Franssen Delphine , Gérard Arlette , Hennuy Benoit , Donneau Anne-Françoise , Bourguignon Jean-Pierre , Parent Anne-Simone
Published: March 2016

Rat sexual maturation is preceded by a reduction of the interpulse interval (IPI) of GnRH neurosecretion. This work aims at studying disruption of that neuroendocrine event in females after early exposure to a very low dose of bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemical. Female rats were exposed to vehicle or BPA 25 ng/kg·d, 25 μg/kg·d, or 5 mg/kg·d from postnatal day (PND)1 to PND5 or PND15. Exposure to 25 ng/kg·d of BPA for 5 or 15 days was followed by a delay in developmental reduction of GnRH IPI studied ex vivo on PND20. After 15 days of exposure to that low dose of BPA, vaginal opening tended to be delayed. In contrast, exposure to BPA 5 mg/kg·d for 15 days resulted in a premature reduction in GnRH IPI and a trend toward early vaginal opening. RNA sequencing analysis on PND20 indicated that exposure to BPA resulted in opposing dose effects on the mRNA expression of hypothalamic genes involved in gamma aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) neurotransmission. The study of GnRH secretion in vitro in the presence of GABAA receptor agonist/antagonist confirmed an increased or a reduced GABAergic tone after in vivo exposure to the very low or the high dose of BPA, respectively. Overall, we show for the first time that neonatal exposure to BPA leads to opposing dose-dependent effects on the neuroendocrine control of puberty in the female rat. A very low and environmentally relevant dose of BPA delays neuroendocrine maturation related to puberty through increased inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission.
A look at WPW: Frank's story
Authors: Gibson Frank
Published: March 2016

This month, our ECG Interpretation Series discusses Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Here, Frank Gibson, shares the story of his diagnosis and the many ways in which it has changed his life
ECG of the month
Authors: Regan Martin
Published: March 2016

Martin Regan presents an ECG for you to analyse
Platelet-rich plasma: the treatment with multiple benefits and much misconception
Authors: Mcgloin Claudia
Published: March 2016

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a powerful anti-ageing treatment that involves using a patient's own blood as an injectable, to treat a variety of indications, such as hair loss, sports injuries, scars, wound healing and breast volume correction. Claudia McGloin shares her experience of using PRP for skin rejuvenation and explores why this natural procedure has grown in popularity in her clinic
How are parents affected when their child has an appearance-altering injury?
Authors: Griffiths Catrin
Published: March 2016

In the UK, around 6400 children experience a burn injury every year. This can have a profound impact on a child's psychological and physical wellbeing—but how are parents affected when their child suffers a burn? Catrin Griffiths explores the effect of a child's burn injury on parents' coping skills and wellbeing, and highlights the importance of adequately assessing parents' needs and providing appropriate support
Folds, features and fortunes: examining trends in the Japanese aesthetics industry
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: March 2016

With both surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures on the rise worldwide, aesthetic nursing is becoming an increasingly popular profession. In this series, Aysha Mendes examines aesthetic nursing practices and cultural perceptions of beauty across the globe by focusing on a different country every month. This month's article looks at the relationship between Japanese culture and cosmetic procedures
Master your clinic marketing: telling patients the why before the what
Authors: Ratcliffe Jason
Published: March 2016

Explaining why you provide a service, rather than what it is, can enable you to establish a much deeper connection with your prospects. Building positive relationships with patients can result in increased loyalty to your clinic and all-important repeat business. Jason Ratcliffe discusses the rationale for this method of marketing, and examines a few examples from popular culture to show its value
A next-generation antimicrobial wound dressing: a real-life clinical evaluation in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Metcalf D. , Parsons D. , Bowler P.
Published: March 2016

Objective:

To assess the effectiveness of a new, next-generation antimicrobial dressing (NGAD; AQUACEL Ag+ EXTRA dressing) in managing wound exudate, infection and biofilm, and facilitating progression toward healing.

Method:

Clinicians from the UK and Ireland selected stalled or deteriorating wounds that were considered to be compromised by infection and/or biofilm. Only the primary dressing was replaced by the NGAD, for up to 4 weeks or as deemed clinically appropriate; otherwise, standard protocols of care were used. Evaluation forms captured the baseline and final assessment characteristics of wound status, exudate levels, skin health, wound bed appearance, signs of infection and biofilm, and wound dimensions.

Results:

In all, 29 wounds were suitable for inclusion in the final analysis. Following the NGAD evaluation, wound statuses were shifted from stagnant/deteriorating to mainly improved, exudate levels were shifted from moderate/high to moderate/low, and skin health was improved in 20 wounds (69%). Wound bed tissue types were shifted from largely suspected biofilm/sloughy tissue (76%) to largely granulation tissue (53%). All signs of clinical infection were reduced in average frequency, with biofilm suspicion falling from 76% to 45% of the cases. The median management period with the NGAD was 4.5 weeks, after which 26 wounds (90%) became smaller in size and 10 wounds (34%) completely healed.

Conclusion:

This real-life clinical evaluation of the NGAD suggests that its successful management of exudate, infection and biofilm is generally accompanied by notable improvements in wound health and size, and in some cases, complete healing.

Declaration of interest:

The authors are all employed by ConvaTec Ltd. but have no other conflict of interest to declare. Dressings were provided to the clinicians free of charge.
Noise into play. Disonancias e indeterminación de lo sonoro en lo lúdico
Authors: Mañas Carbonell Moisés , Pastor Aguilar Marina
Published: March 2016

Este artículo pretende plantear un estudio relacional entre el concepto de ruido sonoro y aspectos indeterministas de la lúdica interactiva experimental, centrándose en losSurvival Horror Games. Partiendo de la capacidad del sonido para desbordar la interface pantalla y conectar con el espacio real en el que se encuentra el jugador, se establece una conexión con el concepto de ética en los videojuegos desarrollado por Miguel Sicart. La propuesta atiende tanto a los aspectos experimentales de la producción sonora que se encuentran en el diseño del juego, y su relación con el campo del arte sonoro, como a las posibilidades de abrir el campo de lo político y la acción común desde de la experiencia de los jugadores, a partir de un movimiento semántico en el concepto de terror que puede transformar la experiencia del mismo en el espacio real.
Eskriba Eseria: Entzute aktiboamusika inprobisatu librean
Authors: Mantzisidor Uria Jon
Published: March 2016

Entzutearen garrantzia aktibitate gisa musikaren alorrean eta bereziki musika inprobisatua deritzon mugimenduan. Bat batean eta jendaurrean gertatzen den sormena denez, gainontzeko musikariek egiten dutena eta aretoko soinuak entzuteak berebiziko garrantzia dute. Ikerketa honen ardatza izan den kasu konkretua bi inprobisatzaile ezagunek, Keith Rowe eta Mattinek, 2009an emandako kontzertu bat izan zen. Entzute aktiboa esamoldea muturrera eramanaz, kontzertu horretan Mattinek ez zuen nota bakar bat ere jo, eta aulkian eserita geldirik, entzutera mugatu zen.
Desde el ruido
Authors: Grego Morán Juan Andrés
Published: March 2016

En el Arte sonoro, o en el sonido usado dentro de una obra de arte, el ruido no debería observarse desde la perspectiva comunicacional, sino como un clase específica de sonido, que comporta significados en sí mismo. Partiendo de una aproximación terminológica se acotará el concepto de ruido según el sentido usual del término. Se analizará el impacto subjetivo sobre la percepción de un sonido como ruido. Mediante diversos ejemplos de obras de arte que incorporan el ruido se categorizarán según el comportamiento del ruido, propio de cada tipo. Si se acepta que el ruido no es una interferencia, puede desarrollarse como objeto y sujeto de experiencias estéticas.
Techno, repetición y trabajo
Authors: Díez Rasines Sara
Published: March 2016

En la música techno contemporánea se da una búsqueda de nuevas categorías temporales de escucha. El aformalismo de los interminables y extremadamente cargados flujos de notas choca frontalmente con la aparente simplicidad de las repeticiones mecánicas a modo de loops. Sin embargo, bajo este aparente antagonismo se muestra una voluntad común de buscar un discurso que trascienda la narratividad, linealidad y teleología del discurso musical tradicional que renuncia a la referencia a la globalidad en pro del momento presente, y llevada a cabo a través del trabajo sistemático con repeticiones cortas, que focalizan de forma análoga el discurso sobre el fragmento repetido, desvinculándolo del todo al que pertenece.
El robot tamborilero: sobre la posibilidad de un arte compartido con los robots
Authors: Benito Molinero Iñigo
Published: March 2016

A partir de una pequeña y performativa experimentación con uno de mis pequeños robots y usando el ruido como escusa expresiva este ensayo estudia en torno a la idea del robot en su transformación de objeto a sujeto. La práctica artística tecnológica que va desde el arte generativo de los 70 hasta las posiciones más políticas en el arte de los nuevos medios proponen el entorno perfecto para el ya de por si mezclado contexto del arte robótico. Una mirada creciente en aspectos sociales y políticos que da a los artistas la posibilidad de trabajar en la agencia, autonomía y creatividad de las propias creaciones tecnológicas. Tanto como para postularlas como seres políticos. Este texto es una corta ojeada a algunas de esas ideas y trabajos.
La densidad sonora como alegoría de la oscuridad
Authors: Cantalozella i Planas Joaquim
Published: March 2016

En un sentido metafórico, los dualismos entre luz y oscuridad han dominado prácticamente todas las narrativas que, mediante dicotomías, describen pugnas entre el bien y el mal, lo verdadero y lo falso y, por extensión, lo racionalversuslo irracional. En un pensamiento como el nuestro, marcado por lo visual, estos conceptos toman múltiples formas y ramificaciones que, en base a la alegoría, construyen relatos que se afirman en el mito y, en cierta medida, terminan por constituirse en una puerta de acceso a lo oculto. El presente artículo toma por objeto la capacidad del sonido para crear contextos e imágenes que pertenecen a esa realidad desconocida, oscura. En concreto, se analizan tendencias musicales para ver como a partir del ruido evocan lo ininteligible, lo inaudito y la negrura.
Ruido visual: La saturación de imágenes en la contemporaneidad
Authors: González Ibáñez Edurne
Published: March 2016

La actualidad está marcada por la superproducción y consumo de imágenes que constituyen uno de los pilares de lo que se ha denominado cultura visual. La velocidad con la que actualmente se re-producen las imágenes, satura nuestra capacidad de discernir e interpretar, generando situaciones que desbordan nuestro poder de asimilación, y anula los tiempos para el análisis que precisa una mirada crítica. Ante esta espectacular densificación de la iconosfera, planteamos el concepto deruido visualcomo metáfora de esta circunstancia de sobreexposición al entramado audiovisual a la que nos vemos sometidos continuamente. La aceleración de los acontecimientos y las transformaciones tecnológicas, así como sus consecuencias, son el punto de partida de algunas propuestas que desde el ámbito de la práctica artística, visibilizan ciertas problemáticas a las que se enfrenta una sociedad marcada por el uso excesivo (abuso) de imágenes y la reiteración de contenidos.
La representación de la diversidad afectivo-sexual en la literatura infantil y juvenil de América Latina
Authors: Soler Quílez Guillermo
Published: March 2016

En el siguiente trabajo se pretende analizar la literatura infantil y juvenil publicada en América Latina que muestra la diversidad afectivo-sexual. Se estudian los distintos modelos de familia formados por dos padres o dos madres, así como las historias que son protagonizadas por personajes no heterosexuales, y se comparan con publicaciones similares en otros lugares. Se puede concluir que las familias homoparentales son retratadas de un modo muy similar en todas las partes del mundo, sin embargo, en cuanto a la representación de lesbianas, gais, bisexuales y transgéneros, América Latina destaca por mostrar una mayor variedad de personajes, opciones, gustos y tendencias.
Stylistic analysis of William wordsworth’s poem ‘daffodils’
Authors: Batool Zahida , Kiran Shumaila , Azhar Mehmood Ahmad
Published: March 2016

Present study is based on stylistic analysis of the poem ‘Daffodils” written by a very famous romantic poet William Wordsworth. This analysis is made on the graphological, phonological, morphological and semantic level to analyze what the poet wants to convey by mentioning the memories of a very small, yet important cure for human beings in the form of gifted memories of lovely past. Stylistic techniques and methods are used to unfold the hidden beauty of the poet’s thoughts. Since stylistic is the study of different devices used in language that gives expressive or literary style to any writing so, keeping in view, this article aims to figure out the secret jewels of these beautiful lines. This analysis is helpful in understanding the basic concept that Nature can bring peace of mind to a dejected soul. The stylistic devices used in this poem are the setting of the poem along with the figures of speech. Through this analysis the researcher wants to explore how the social and cultural background of a poet affects on the usage of Nature in the poetry. The researcher will explore how the use of figurative speech enhances the impact of the poetry at the readers mind.
Authority Relinquishment in Agency Relationships
Authors: Tumbat Gülnur , Grayson Kent
Published: March 2016

A key decision for the design of principal–agent agreements is how much control or authority the buyer (or principal) should be allowed to exercise in relation to the seller (or agent). Historically, agency theory has viewed exchange agreements as ranging from those in which the buyer has very high authority over the seller (formal authority) to those in which the buyer and seller are relatively independent so there is little or no authority relation (market exchange). However, some principal–agent agreements reverse the authority relationship usually assumed in agency theory by allowing the seller to exercise authority over the buyer. The authors study this unexplored type of agency agreement and refer to it as “authority relinquishment.” Using data collected from interviews with clients and guides on commercial high-altitude mountain expeditions, the authors identify conditions that make authority relinquishment likely. They also identify the benefits and drawbacks of authority relinquishment and compare them with the benefits and drawbacks of two frequently studied approaches to managing agency relationships—formal authority and authority decentralization.
How Business Customers Judge Solutions: Solution Quality and Value in Use
Authors: Macdonald Emma K. , Kleinaltenkamp Michael , Wilson Hugh N.
Published: March 2016

Many manufacturers look to business solutions to provide growth; however, success is far from guaranteed, and it is unclear how such solutions can create superior perceived value. This article explores what constitutes value for customers from solutions over time—conceptualized as “value in use”—and how this arises from quality perceptions of the solution's components. The authors develop a framework for solution quality and value in use through 36 interviews combining repertory grid technique and means-end chains. The findings significantly extend the extant view of quality as a function of the supplier's products and services, and show that customers also assess the quality of their own resources and processes, as well as the quality of the joint resource integration process. The authors report that value in use corresponds not just to collective, organizational goals but also to individuals’ goals, a finding that strongly contrasts with prior research. Four moderators of the quality–value relationship demonstrate customer heterogeneity across both firms and roles within what the authors term the “usage center.” When shifting toward solutions, manufacturers require very different approaches to market research; account management; solution design; and quality control, including the need for value-auditing processes.
Challenges and Optimization Strategy for Feed-In Tariffs of Renewable Energy in CIS Countries
Authors: Saidmamatov Olimjon , Salaev Sanaatbek , Eshchanov Bahtiyor
Published: March 2016

Modern life is convincing us that renewable energy technologies, policies, strategies should be disseminated all over the world to provide sustainable development. As an instrument, feed-in tariffs of renewable energy should be designed considering public finance opportunities, buying power of consumers in order to tackle administrative barriers as an optimization strategy. The authors used the comparison, data analysis and logical access methods. The paper provides evidence from leading countries in the industry, explores ongoing challenges in the application of feed-in tariff policies, analyses the optimal methodologies to give recommendations to stakeholders.
Land Use Analysis in Latvia in The Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Kauškale Linda , Geipele Ineta
Published: March 2016

The research focus is the examination of key aspects of the land use for the detection of urgent problems in the context of sustainable development. The comparison, data analysis and logical access methods have been used in the study, and the recommendations on the improvement of the situation in the longer term have been developed. Land use management, legal side of regulation and the efficiency of land use are essential guidelines for the sustainable development of the territory in the country.
Problems of Implementation of Information Technology in the Housing Sector in Russia
Authors: Kirsanov Sergey A. , Safonov Yevgeny N.
Published: March 2016

The considerable problems in the provision of a transparent and clear system of settlement between the enterprises supplying housing and utilities services and the owners of flat buildings include the insufficient provision of metering devices, the absence of a system collecting and analysing this information and the data of the current balances of utilities, as well as the absence of a common data base of the residents. To solve the above-mentioned problems, it is necessary to implement strict normative requirements related to the application of the metering devices and arrange the uniform municipal bases of information resources, which would include the automated information collection, payment servicing of utility consumers in a single window, the control over the unsanctioned utility consumption, the data exchange with the branch state automated systems and other measures.
Online Marketing Issues of Real Estate Companies: A Case of Latvia
Authors: Dumpe Maira
Published: March 2016

Today online marketing has become an integral part of marketing mix. Potential real estate customers prefer to make online research themselves. Therefore, real estate companies should be ready that search engines, corporate web pages, profiles on social media sites should strengthen the image of real estate companies and ensure better communication with customers. The aim of this paper is to explore results of qualitative research regarding real estate online marketing activities. It has been found that real estate companies’ web sites provide customers with qualitative information. Some companies offer online communication experience. Several companies have created their profiles on Facebook and Twitter but not all of them use social media in an appropriate way. Real estate companies should learn how to use online marketing tools more effectively.
Potassium Sulfate Improved Early Growth of Wheat under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Aliloo A.A.
Published: March 2016

Experiments were conducted to evaluate NPK fertilizer effects on early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum variety Azar-2). Chemical fertilizers including urea (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 1000 mg.L-1), triple superphosphate (10, 20, 30, 30 and 60 mg.L-1) and potassium sulfate (100, 200, 300, 400 and 800 mg.L-1) were used along with control in three replications. The used concentrations imitate possible status of the fertilizers in the soil solutions. The results showed that fertilizers did not alter seed germination percentage. However, there was a significant influence on seedling performance. Seedling growth under potassium sulfate applications was significantly enhanced, which was followed by triple superphosphate, but urea decreased the values. The root to shoot ratio was influenced by potassium sulfate and the ratio was decreased in all concentration. Triple superphosphate did not significant effects on seedling properties, while urea decreased seedling performance. It was concluded that the response of wheat to the fertilizers application was different and among the used materials potassium sulfate could be effective on seedling growth of wheat.
Prosecuting War Crimes and Meeting Obligations under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms at the Same Time – the Case of Croatia
Authors: Barberić Lara , Čolak Davorka , Dolmagić Jasmina
Published: March 2016

This article aims to give an overview of how human rights violations that occurred during the Homeland War in Croatia are redressed by conducting criminal prosecution in the Republic of Croatia. Namely, criminal prosecution as one of the elements of transitional justice is essential not only for establishing the accountability of war crime perpetrators, but also as a warning that such violations shall not be tolerated in the future. Moreover, drawing on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, this article examines how the efforts made by national prosecution bodies to investigate war crimes are assessed by this court. It concludes with the idea that both prosecution of war crimes and protection of human rights, as guaranteed by The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the European Court of Human Rights, seek to achieve the same goal, i.e. protecting the most basic human rights of the war crimes victims and other individuals.
Succession dynamics of vegetation in the Slovak Karst Biosphere Reserve Landscape (Western Carpathians)
Authors: Vološčuk Ivan , Uhliarová Eva , Sabo Peter , Škodová Martina , Švajda Juaj
Published: March 2016

The paper presents results acquired by an ecological analysis of vegetation succession on the field of the Slovak Karst in south-east Slovakia over the past 25 years. The data were collected on permanent research plots etsablished in 1983−1985 on the Plešivská Plateau (part of the Slovak Karst National Park and Biosphere Reserve). Changes in mesic and dry grassland vegetation of permanent field plots were evaluated in the same way both times according to the Central European method. Due to cessation of non-forest vegetationmanagement the majority, permanent plots isgradually overgrownby woody plants. Succession of vegetation runs faster on karst plateaux where the trees and shrubs invasion is accompanied by overgrowing of grassland vegetation with Brachypodium pinnatum and Calamagrostis epigejos, which are completly change their species composition. On the steep limestone slopes and karst rocky fields of the lower altitudes the secondary succession is ongoing slower and is subjected mainly to accumulation of soil. Succession of herb layer is firstly reflected in changes of species abundance and later in exchanges of dominant species and plant communities. It was also evaluated succession in two forest habitats. In the community Fagetum typicum was evaluated succession after the artificial spruce wind calamity.
Driving forces of main landscape change processes from past 200 years in Central Europe - differences between old democratic and post-socialist countries
Authors: Skokanová Hana , Falťan Vladimír , Havlíček Marek
Published: March 2016

The article compares and points out differences in driving forces of four main landscape change processes that shaped post-socialist countries and old democratic countries of Central Europe during the last two centuries. Studying landscape change processes and corresponding driving forces helps in understanding patterns of present landscape and can help among others in better prediction of future landscape change trends. Here, the presented results are based on review of scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2014. Driving forces affecting these processes were grouped into four categories. Economic forces drove mainly agricultural intensification; agricultural land abandonment and urbanisation and were pronounced especially in the second half of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. Technological driving forces affected agricultural intensification especially in the 19th century and the second half of the 20th century while cultural driving forces had the biggest impact on urbanisation at the beginning of the 21st century. Political driving forces affected agricultural intensification, urbanisation as well as agricultural land abandonment and were pronounced mainly during the second half of the 20th century in the post-socialist countries. Political forces in the form of subsidies drove agricultural extensification at the beginning of the 21st century. The drivers for the agricultural intensification as well as urbanisation seem to be similar for both old democratic and post-socialist countries. In contrast, agricultural land abandonment in the old democratic countries was driven by technological, cultural and economic driving forces while in the post-socialist countries the political driving forces were mainly responsible. Changes in systems for subsidies and changes in the agricultural commodity markets are also responsible for different frequencies and rates of extensification of agriculture between the two groups of countries.
Evaluation of the risk of diffuse pollution of groundwater by nitrogen substances from agricultural land use as background for allocation of effective measures
Authors: Bujnovský Radoslav , Malík Peter , Švasta Jaromír
Published: March 2016

The risk of diffuse pollution of groundwater by nitrogen substances from agricultural land is perceived as a result of the interaction of groundwater vulnerability (determined by the characteristics of the environment overlying groundwater in relation to water transport or soil solution) and loading of overlying environment by nitrogen. Index of groundwater vulnerability was assessed on the basis of four parameters, namely, the amount of effective rainfall in the period from October to March, the capacity of soil to accumulate water, the average depth of the groundwater table and the permeability of the rock environment. Assessment of the index of loading of overlying environment by nitrogen was based on two parameters, namely, nitrogen balance and crop cover on agricultural land in the winter half on districts level in 2012, which corresponds with current state of the load. The resulting risk of groundwater pollution by nitrogen was expressed by the formula counting with the transformed values of groundwater vulnerability index and the index of loading of overlying environment by nitrogen. From practical point of view, the above mentioned indexes, as well as the subsequent risk of diffuse groundwater pollution, were spatially expressed via three associated categories. Based on the evaluation of relevant parameters, 5.18% of agricultural land falls into the category of very high and high risk, 42.20% in the medium risk category and 52.62% in the category of low and very low risk of diffuse pollution of groundwater by nitrogen from agricultural land.
Effect of land use changes on water run-off from a small catchment in the Czech Republic
Authors: Ondr Pavel , Pečenka Jiří , Polenský Jakub , Ciml Jiří
Published: March 2016

The changes in the landscape during past years were affected mainly by political and financial conditions in the agricultural sector as well as the future changes probably will be. For this study various scenarios of changes in land use in the small catchment caused by human activity were simulated. Several scenarios were focused on changes of agricultural area to urbanized landscape and also on industrial use of several plots. The aim of this study was to model and assess the impact of human-induced landscape changes on run-off from small catchments in the traditional agricultural area. It can be said, that more than the change of land use itself, changed management of these areas affects the water run-off more. The hypothetical transfer of significant part of the catchment area or the localities with infiltration vulnerable zones into urbanized paved space is the only exception. This change mainly affects the rate of discharge.
Idiomer som står mitt hjerte nær. En korpusbasert analyse av utvalgte idiomer med component hjerte i norsk
Authors: Dziurewicz Elżbieta
Published: March 2016

The article presents an exemplary corpus-based analysis of selected Norwegian idioms in order to gain insight into their theory and actual use. The analysis comprises nine frequent idioms with the component 'heart'. First, each idiom is analyzed using the Leksikografisk bokmålskorpus and Oslo-korpuset av taggende norske tekster in terms of: frequency, possible variants and modifications. Next, the results are compared with the lexicographic description from Norwegian dictionary Bokmålsordboka. The main purpose of this chapter is thereby to show the potential of the corpus-based approach in the studies of idiomatic expressions.
Study of a 2m-th order parabolic equation in a non-regular type of prism of ℝN+1
Authors: Kheloufi Arezki
Published: March 2016

This paper deals with the existence, uniqueness and maximal regularity of a solution to the multidimensional parabolic equation of order 2m (with

m
∈

ℕ
*

${m\in \mathbb {N} ^{\ast }}$

)

∂
t

u
+

(
-
1
)

m

∑

k
=
1

N

∂

x
k

2
m

u
=
f
,

$
\partial _{t}u+(-1)^{m}\sum _{k=1}^{N}\partial _{x_{k}}^{2m}u=f,
$

defined on a type of the prism

Q
=

(
t
,

x
1

)

∈

ℝ
2

:
0
<
t
<
T
,

φ
1

(
t
)

<

x
1

<

φ
2

(
t
)

×

∏

i
=
1

N
-
1

]
0
,

b
i

[

$
Q=\bigl \lbrace ( t,x_{1}) \in \mathbb {R} ^{2}:0<t<T,\, \varphi _{1}( t) <x_{1}<\varphi _{2}( t) \bigr \rbrace
\times \prod _{i=1}^{N-1}]0,b_{i}[
$

of ℝN+1, which is a nonstandard domain since its
base shrinks at t = 0 (

φ
1

(
0
)

=

φ
2

(
0
)

${\varphi _{1}(0)=\varphi _{2}(0)}$

).
The equation is associated with Cauchy–Dirichlet boundary conditions and
the right-hand side term f is taken in a weighted Lebesgue space.
More precisely, we look for minimal conditions on the functions

φ
1

${\varphi _{1}}$

and

φ
2

${\varphi _{2}}$

under which the solution is regular.
For this purpose, the domain decomposition method is employed.
This work is an extension of the one space variable case studied in
[19] and of the case m = 1 studied in [11].