bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY OF THE URAL STATISTICAL COMMITTEE IN THE LATE 19-TH - EARLY 20-TH CENTURIES
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Skopa V. A.
Published: March 2021

The post-reform period in the Russian Empire laid down new principles for the organization and functioning of regional statistical services. Since the second half of the 19th century, the demand for statistical data had increased significantly. De jure and de facto, the Ural Statistical Committee dates back to 1896. Beginning in 1900, all military statistics were transferred to the committee. In connection with the increased load on the committee from the military capital, the regional statistical center was allocated an allowance of 1,500 rubles, and the total budget was 4,000 rubles. All the activities of the committee are represented by the implementation of mandatory statistical work and the socio-cultural study of the region. In 1901, the Ural Committee developed and introduced agricultural cards for collecting information about the industry under study and the systematic formation of data. In 1910, the committee conducted a survey of the property and occupations of the population. The Ural Statistical Committee paid special attention to “optional” works, most of which were devoted to the life and occupations of the population.
The Importance Of National Ideology In The Educational Process
Authors:   PhD Student Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Munis Khujayev
Published: March 2021

In the usual sense, ideology is not a science, although it includes scientific knowledge. The difference between ideology and science lies in the fact that it includes not only scientific knowledge and knowledge about socio-political life, but also an assessment of current events, trends, processes and various forces of this socio-political life. Strictly speaking, ideology does not exist in isolation from socio-political, national, economic, class and other communities and groups. It arises with them, forms and changes as their life cycle progresses, reflecting the interests of groups united by a given ideology.
Patriotic Education Of Youth In The Pre-Conscription Stage Of Preparation For Military Service
Authors:   PhD Student Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Akmal Yakubov
Published: March 2021

This article examines the patriotic education of youth in the pre-conscription stage of preparation for military service. Since it is the youth that is the link through which the continuity of generations is practically realized, the accumulation of production experience and the intellectual potential of society takes place.
Electricity generation potential of municipal solid wastes produced in the province of Edirne
Authors: Aydin Nesli
Published: March 2021

As a result of Turkey's economic growth, industrial development has accelerated across the country and this has ultimately led to the environmental sector and waste management gaining importance. In Turkey, where there is a depletion of natural resources, the expansion of energy demand, and the orientation in environmental technologies, waste is no longer a problematic issue that needs to be eliminated; but it has become a source of raw materials whose processing and recycling can be achieved with today's technology. In the scope of sustainable development, the waste hierarchy includes the three priority targets. These are prevention of waste production, reuse, recycling, or recovery respectively. The method for non-recoverable wastes is landfilling with energy recovery if possible. In this context, this study aims to investigate the electricity generation potential of the solid wastes disposed at the Edirne Solid Waste Landfill Facility. When the amount of waste to be sent to the facility, which was assumed to have a 20-year economic life, increases by 5% in parallel with the population profile, it is seen that electricity production will go up rapidly until 2040. However, the results of the study present that the potential of methane production will fall as the stored waste age increases so that a significant decrease in electricity production should be expected from 2045 onwards. Once it is considered that the facility continues to produce electricity for a hundred years beyond 2040, the electricity generated from the facility will contribute to the electricity network and provide the avoidance of approximately 25 thousand tons of CO2 on a national basis.
Intelligent Voice Instructor-assistant System for Collaborative and Interactive Classes
Authors: Baker Matthew , Hu Xiaohui , Luca Gennaro De , Chen Yinong
Published: March 2021

College classes are becoming increasingly large. A critical component in scaling class size is the collaboration and interactions among instructors, teaching assistants, and students. We develop a prototype of anIntelligent Voice Instructor-AssistantSystem (IVIAS)for supportinglargeClasses,in whichAmazon Web Services, Alexa Voice Services and self-developed services are used. It uses ascraping service for reading the questions and answers from the past and current course discussion boards, organizes the questions in JSON format and stored them in thedatabase, which can be accessed by AWS Alexa skills. When a voice question from a student comes, Alexais used fortranslating the voice sentence into texts. Then Siamesedeep LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory)model is introducedto calculate the similarity between the question asked and the questions in the database to find the best-matched answer. Questions with no match will be sent to the instructor, and instructor’s answer will be added into the database. Experiments show that the implemented model achieve promising results that can lead to a practical system. IVIAS starts with a small set of questions. It can grow through learning and improving when more and more questions are asked and answered.
Operationalizing Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis
Authors: Lewiecki E. Michael
Published: March 2021

Treat-to-target (TTT) for osteoporosis is a concept for individualizing patient treatment decisions that focuses on achieving an acceptable level of fracture risk rather than response to treatment alone. While a response to treatment is essential in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk, it is not necessarily sufficient. Some patients have a good response to treatment yet remain at high level of fracture risk. Since there is no way to directly measure bone strength in patients treated for osteoporosis, a surrogate measurement must be used. Bone mineral density (BMD) is commonly used to select patients for treatment and has emerged as the most useful surrogate for assessing reduction of fracture risk after treatment is started. Recent large meta-regression studies have shown a robust correlation between larger increases in BMD with treatment and greater reductions in fracture risk. Application of TTT for osteoporosis involves assessing fracture risk before starting treatment and initiating treatment with an agent that is most likely to reduce fracture risk to an acceptable level, represented by a target BMD T-score, over a reasonable period of time. This review offers suggestions for implementing TTT for osteoporosis in clinical practice and managing patients who fail or succeed in reaching the target. More study is needed to fully validate the use of TTT for osteoporosis for initiating and modifying treatments to reduce fracture risk.
Classification Based on Decision Tree Algorithm for Machine Learning
Authors: Charbuty Bahzad , Abdulazeez Adnan
Published: March 2021

Decision tree classifiers are regarded to be a standout of the most well-known methods to data classification representation of classifiers. Different researchers from various fields and backgrounds have considered the problem of extending a decision tree from available data, such as machine study, pattern recognition, and statistics. In various fields such as medical disease analysis, text classification, user smartphone classification, images, and many more the employment of Decision tree classifiers has been proposed in many ways. This paper provides a detailed approach to the decision trees. Furthermore, paper specifics, such as algorithms/approaches used, datasets, and outcomes achieved, are evaluated and outlined comprehensively. In addition, all of the approaches analyzed were discussed to illustrate the themes of the authors and identify the most accurate classifiers. As a result, the uses of different types of datasets are discussed and their findings are analyzed.
Towards inclusive funding practices for early career researchers
Authors: de Winde Charlotte M. , Sarabipour Sarvenaz , Carignano Hugo , Davla Sejal , Eccles David , Hainer Sarah J. , Haidar Mansour , Ilangovan Vinodh , Jadavji Nafisa M. , Kritsiligkou Paraskevi , Lee Tai-Ying , Ólafsdóttir H. Freyja
Published: March 2021

Securing research funding is a challenge faced by most scientists in academic institutions worldwide. Funding success rates for all career stages are low, but the burden falls most heavily on early career researchers (ECRs). These are young investigators in training and new principal investigators who have a shorter track record. ECRs are dependent on funding to establish their academic careers. The low number of career development awards and the lack of sustained research funding result in the loss of ECR talent in academia. Several steps in the current funding process, from grant conditions to review, play significant roles in the distribution of funds. Furthermore, there is an imbalance where certain research disciplines and labs of influential researchers receive more funding. As a group of ECRs with global representation, we examined funding practices, barriers, and facilitators to the current funding systems. We also identified alternatives to the most common funding distribution practices, such as diversifying risk or awarding grants on a partly random basis. Here, we detail recommendations for funding agencies and grant reviewers to improve ECR funding prospects worldwide and promote a fairer and more inclusive funding landscape for ECRs.
Expanding access to electric vehicles in California’s low-income communities
Authors: Jackson Christopher T.
Published: March 2021

In September 2020, California Governor Gavin Newsom announced an ambitious executive order requiring all new passenger vehicles sold in the state to be zero-emission by 2035 (California Governor 2020). This action recognizes that the growing threats of climate change and local air pollution necessitate a rapid transition away from traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. In California, disadvantaged populations in particular face significant barriers, including financing and charging, to electric vehicle (EV) adoption. For the state to meet its clean energy goals, it must include these communities in a more just transition to widespread use of EVs. This should include avenues of support such as updating state building codes for multi-unit dwellings, where almost half of all Californians live. Charging site access must be increased through curbside infrastructure expansion and institution of statewide EV charger rebates. Finally, increased access to vehicles themselves should be facilitated by expanding incentives and formats for EV sharing programs.
A Proposal for FDA Oversight of Tear Gas
Authors: Wagner Lauren , Guttman Zoe , Hebner Yuki , Philson Conner S.
Published: March 2021

Tear gas is designated a chemical weapon by multiple treaties that prohibit its use in war. However, despite mounting reports suggesting that tear gas may endanger targets beyond transient discomfort, its domestic use as a crowd control mechanism has not been adequately studied, nor is its use regulated by any United States government agency. Without comprehensive and demographically-representative epidemiological studies, the continued use of tear gas on civilian protesters poses an unknown and potentially severe threat to public safety. Chemical substances employed on civilians for a desired effect are more akin to drugs than to weapons. We, therefore, propose that legislation be introduced to place tear gas under the regulatory purview of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in order to understand its effects on the health of all members of the public and to better regulate its deployment.
Stringy Kähler Moduli for the Pfaffian-Grassmannian Correspondence
Authors:   Tsinghua University, China, Donovan Will
Published: March 2021

The Pfaffian-Grassmannian correspondence relates certain pairs of derived equivalent non-birational Calabi-Yau 3-folds. Given such a pair, I construct a set of derived equivalences corresponding to mutations of an exceptional collection on the relevant Grassmannian, and give a mirror symmetry interpretation, following a physical analysis of Eager, Hori, Knapp, and Romo.
The Reactivation of Main-belt Comet 259P/Garradd (P/2008 R1)
Authors: Hsieh Henry H. , Ishiguro Masateru , Knight Matthew M. , Moskovitz Nicholas A. , Sheppard Scott S. , Trujillo Chadwick A.
Published: March 2021

We present observations of main-belt comet (MBC) 259P/Garradd from 4 months prior to its 2017 perihelion passage to 5 months after perihelion using the Gemini North and South telescopes. The object was confirmed to be active during this period, placing it among seven MBCs confirmed to have recurrent activity. We find an average net pre-perihelion dust production rate for 259P in 2017 of

M

̇

d

=
(
4.6
±
0.2
)

kg s−1 (assuming grain densities of ρ = 2500 kg m−3 and a mean effective particle size of

a

¯

d

=
2

mm) and a best-fit start date of detectable activity of 2017 April 22 ± 1, when the object was at a heliocentric distance of r

h
= 1.96 ∓ 0.03 au and a true anomaly of ν = 313.°9 ± 0.°4. We estimate the effective active fraction of 259P’s surface area to be from f
act ∼ 7 × 10−3 to f
act ∼ 6 × 10−2 (corresponding to effective active areas of A
act ∼ 8 × 103 m2 to A
act ∼ 7 × 104 m2) at the start of its 2017 active period. A comparison of estimated total dust masses measured for 259P in 2008 and 2017 shows no evidence of changes in activity strength between the two active apparitions. The heliocentric distance of 259P’s activity onset point is much smaller than those of other MBCs, suggesting that its ice reservoirs may be located at greater depths than on MBCs farther from the Sun, increasing the time needed for a solar-irradiation-driven thermal wave to reach subsurface ice. We suggest that deeper ice on 259P could be a result of more rapid ice depletion caused by the object’s closer proximity to the Sun compared to other MBCs.
A mental health informatics study on the mediating effect of the regulatory emotional self-efficacy
Authors: Xu Zhenghong , Du Juan
Published: March 2021

Objective

To identify the internal mechanism of the relationship between physical activity and mental health in home exercises.

Methods

Participants were 2233 college students with an average age of 19.34 (SD = 1.07) recruited from southern China using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and hierarchical multiple regression. They completed the college student physical activity questionnaire, regulatory emotional self-efficacy scale (RES) and Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) to explore the internal mechanism of the relationship between home exercises and mental health in the context of fitness campaign.

Results

Statistical analysis based on ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression, and the results showed that gender differences is a critical factor influencing the effectiveness of home exercise on mental health in college students. Furthermore, individuals with regulatory emotional self-efficacy are more likely to keep exercising, which may stimulate the positive effect on enhancing mental health.

Conclusion

Variable of emotion regulation efficacy play an important role in promoting college students positive emotions, stimulating potential, and improving physical and mental health. Further to advocate sports interventions for home-stay groups to improve their control of emotions, thereby reducing their anxiety and depression in the face of unexpected events.
Initial boundary value problem for fractional $ p $-Laplacian Kirchhoff type equations with logarithmic nonlinearity
Authors: Shi Peng , Jiang Min , Zeng Fugeng , Huang Yao
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we study the initial boundary value problem for a class of fractional $ p $-Laplacian Kirchhoff type diffusion equations with logarithmic nonlinearity. Under suitable assumptions, we obtain the extinction property and accurate decay estimates of solutions by virtue of the logarithmic Sobolev inequality. Moreover, we discuss the blow-up property and global boundedness of solutions.
On-Demand Routing Protocols for Vehicular Cloud Computing
Authors: Poonia Ramesh C. , Raja Linesh
Published: March 2021

In vehicular cloud computing systems (VCC), the overlapping transmission range of each vehicle ensures a unified and common channel for communication among the vehicles. The flexibility of VCC systems opens the door to myriad applications that contribute to the safety and comfort of the passengers. They are distributed, self-organizing communication networks built up by moving vehicles, and are thus characterized by very high node mobility and limited degrees of freedom in mobility patterns. Such particular features often make the standard networking protocol inefficient or unusable, hence the growing effort in the development of communication protocols, which are specific to vehicular networks. Routing protocols should be selected carefully after carrying out literature review. This chapter has investigated different on-demand routing protocols and focused to identify the efficient on-demand routing protocol that can give better performance in realistic environments of vehicular cloud computing systems.
Building a Secured XML Real-Time Interactive Data Exchange Architecture
Authors: Rabadi Yousef E. , Lu Joan
Published: March 2021

TCP and UDP communication protocols are the most widely used transport methods for carrying out XML data messages between different services. XML data security is always a big concern especially when using internet cloud. Common XML encryption techniques encrypt part of private sections of the XML file as an entire block of text and apply these techniques directly on them. Man-in-the-Middle and Cryptanalysts can generate statistical information, tap, sniff, hack, inject and abuse XML data messages. The purpose of this study is to introduce architecture of new approach of exchanging XML data files between different Services in order to minimize the risk of any alteration, data loss, data abuse, data misuse of XML critical business data information during transmission; by implementing a vertical partitioning on XML files. Another aim is to create a virtual environment within internet cloud prior to data transmission in order to utilise the communication method and rise up the transmission performance along with resources utilisation and spreads the partitioned XML file (shredded) through several paths within multi agents that form a multipath virtual network. Virtualisation in cloud network infrastructure to take advantage of its scalability, operational efficiency, and control of data flow are considered in this architecture. A customized UDP Protocol in addition to a pack of modules in RIDX adds a reliable (Lossless) and Multicast data transmission to all nodes in a virtual cloud network. A comparative study has been made to measure the performance of the Real-time Interactive Data Exchange system (RIDX) using RIDX UDP protocol against standard TCP protocol. Starting from 4 nodes up to 10 nodes in the domain, the results showed an enhanced performance using RIDX architecture over the standard TCP protocol.
Enhancing Learner-Centered Instruction through Tutorial Management Using Cloud Computing
Authors: Thuku John K. , Maina Elizaphan M. , Ondigi Samson R. , Ayot Henry O.
Published: March 2021

Integration of modern technology in enhancing learner-centered approach to instruction is increasingly being encouraged in higher education. Cloud computing has enhanced the way data is shared and stored. Learning resources can be stored in cloud computers thus, enabling groups of students to collaborate and edit shared materials. In addition, it also provides a number of advantages such as reduce storage cost, enhanced security, accessibility of learning materials and easy communication. Tutorial classes can take advantage of cloud computing to have the tutorial learning resources stored in the cloud. This will allow learners to collaborate online and edit tutorial materials regardless of the physical location of the participants. This book chapter discusses how cloud computing technologies can be utilized in education sector and proposes a cloud computing model which can be incorporated in a tutorial class to improve learner-centered teaching pedagogies in a tutorial class.
A Novel Performance Enhancing Task Scheduling Algorithm for Cloud-Based E-Health Environment
Authors: Pandi Vijayakumar , Perumal Pandiaraja , Balusamy Balamurugan , Karuppiah Marimuthu
Published: March 2021

The fast-growing internet services have led to the rapid development of storing, retrieving and processing health-related documents from a public cloud. In such a scenario, the performance of cloud services offered is not guaranteed, since it depends on efficient resource scheduling, network bandwidth, etc. The trade-off which lies between the cost and the QoS is that the cost should be variably low on achieving high QoS. This can be done by performance optimization. In order to optimize the performance, a novel task scheduling algorithm is proposed in this article. The main advantage of this proposed scheduling algorithm is to improve the QoS parameters which comprises of metrics such as response time, computation time, availability and cost. The proposed work is simulated in Aneka and shows better performance compared to existing paradigms.
Mobile Health Applications and Cloud Computing in Cytopathology
Authors: Archondakis Stavros , Vavoulidis Eleftherios , Nasioutziki Maria , Oustampasidou Ourania , Daniilidis Angelos , Vatopoulou Anastasia , Papanikolaou Alexios , Dinas Konstantinos
Published: March 2021

Modern cytopathology labs offer an outstanding portfolio of important testing services that must be of high quality and credibility. Over the last decade, clinical cytopathology was influenced by the wide implementation of computer sciences. Cytopathology labs wishing to achieve a seamless workflow process have successfully adopted automation and information management systems. Innovative information technologies, including e-health, constitute a valuable tool for interlaboratory collaboration and quality improvement. Cloud computing will enhance the opportunities in cytological data management and sharing. The authors present thorough research of mobile applications related to cytopathology and try to foresee applications that may benefit modern cytopathology. Also, the feasibility of such applications for inter-laboratory comparisons, proficiency testing, and diagnostic accuracy validation is examined. Finally, the role of mobile applications for providing and/or enhancing the laboratory capabilities through educational training and other research activities is investigated.
Regulations for Cybercrimes
Authors: Defossez Delphine
Published: March 2021

The internet has made all types of information readily available, and this wealth of knowledge has opened up a whole new world of problems: cybercrimes. Despite the enactments of various legislation at both national and international level, cybercriminals are still mostly unpunished. The continued development of new technologies and mechanisms to protect anonymity on the Internet makes finding any response much harder. The lack of a common definition further impedes the finding of a global solution to eradicate the phenomenon. This creates an enforcement gap that allows cybercriminals to operate with near impunity. Over the years, the EU has taken steps to develop an adequate legal framework to strengthen the existing legislation. This chapter discussed that in EU, the adoption of The Cybersecurity Act 2019 would be enough to resolve some of the lingering issues of cybercrimes.
Human Inflammatory Neutrophils Express Genes Encoding Peptidase Inhibitors: Production of Elafin Mediated by NF-κB and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β
Authors: Allaeys Isabelle , Ribeiro de Vargas Flavia , Bourgoin Sylvain G. , Poubelle Patrice E.
Published: March 2021

The concept of plasticity of neutrophils is highlighted by studies showing their ability to transdifferentiate into APCs. In this regard, transdifferentiated neutrophils were found at inflammatory sites of autoimmune arthritis (AIA). Exposure of neutrophils to inflammatory stimuli prolongs their survival, thereby favoring the acquisition of pathophysiologically relevant phenotypes and functions. By using microarrays, quantitative RT-PCR, and ELISAs, we showed that long-lived (LL) neutrophils obtained after 48 h of culture in the presence of GM-CSF, TNF, and IL-4 differentially expressed genes related to apoptosis, MHC class II, immune response, and inflammation. The expression of anti-inflammatory genes mainly of peptidase inhibitor families is upregulated in LL neutrophils. Among these, the PI3 gene encoding elafin was the most highly expressed. The de novo production of elafin by LL neutrophils depended on a synergism between GM-CSF and TNF via the activation and cooperativity of C/EBPβ and NF-κB pathways, respectively. Elafin concentrations were higher in synovial fluids (SF) of patients with AIA than in SF of osteoarthritis. SF neutrophils produced more elafin than blood counterparts. These results are discussed with respect to implications of neutrophils in chronic inflammation and the potential influence of elafin in AIA.
CD154 Resistant to Cleavage from Intracellular Milieu and Cell Surface Induces More Potent CD40-Mediated Responses
Authors: Salti Suzanne , Al-Zoobi Loubna , Darif Youssef , Hassan Ghada S. , Mourad Walid
Published: March 2021

In addition to the membrane-bound form, CD154 also exists as a soluble molecule originating from an intracellular and membrane cleavage. We have previously shown that CD154 cleavage from T cell surface is mediated by CD40 and involves the action of ADAM10/ADAM17 enzymes. In the aim of defining the importance of CD154 maintained on cell surface, we generated a CD154 mutated at the cleavage site. Our data show that the double mutation of E112 and M113 residues of CD154 abolishes its spontaneous release and the CD40-mediated cleavage from cell surface but does not affect its binding to CD40. We also demonstrated that both the release of CD154 from the intracellular milieu and its CD40-mediated cleavage from cell surface are highly dependent on ADAM10/ADAM17 enzymes. The CD154-EM mutant was shown capable of inducing a more prominent apoptotic response in susceptible B cell lines than the wild-type (WT) form of the molecule. In addition, human B cells cultured in the presence of the CD154-EM mutant exhibited upregulated proliferative responses compared with the CD154-WT. The CD154-EM mutant was also shown to trigger differentiation of human B cells, reflected by an increased Ig production, more significantly than CD154-WT. Thus, our data strongly suggest that cleavage-resistant CD154 is a more prominent stimulant than the cleavable form of the molecule. Therefore, a maintained expression of CD154 on cell membrane and a disturbed cleavage of the molecule could be a mechanism by which CD154 is involved in some pathological conditions and should be revisited.
Association of Combined TCF7L2 and KCNQ1 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetic Micro- and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rattanatham Rujikorn , Settasatian Nongnuch , Komanasin Nantarat , Kukongviriyapan Upa , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak , Intharaphet Phongsak , Senthong Vichai , Settasatian Chatri
Published: March 2021

Background: Vascular complications are the major morbid consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1), and inwardly-rectifying potassium channel, subfamily J, member 11 gene (KCNJ11) are common T2DM susceptibility genes in various populations. However, the associations between polymorphisms in these genes and diabetic complications are controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined gene-polymorphisms within TCF7L2, KCNQ1, and KCNJ11 on vascular complications in Thai subjects with T2DM.Methods: We conducted a case-control study comprising 960 T2DM patients and 740 non-diabetes controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in TCF7L2, KCNQ1, and KCNJ11 were genotyped and evaluated for their association with diabetic vascular complications.Results: The gene variants TCF7L2 rs290487-T, KCNQ1 rs2237892-C, and KCNQ1 rs2237897-C were associated with increased risk of T2DM. TCF7L2 rs7903146-C, TCF7L2 rs290487-C, KCNQ1 rs2237892-T, and KCNQ1 rs2237897-T revealed an association with hypertension. The specific combination of risk-alleles that have effects on T2DM and hypertension, TCF7L2 rs7903146-C, KCNQ1 rs2237892-C, and KCNQ1 rs2237897-T, as genetic risk score (GRS), pronounced significant association with coronary artery disease (CAD), cumulative nephropathy and CAD, and cumulative microvascular and macrovascular complications (respective odds ratios [ORs] with 95% confidence interval [95% CI], comparing between GRS 2–3 and GRS 5–6, were 7.31 [2.03 to 26.35], 3.92 [1.75 to 8.76], and 2.33 [1.13 to 4.79]).Conclusion: This study demonstrated, for the first time, the effect conferred by specific combined genetic variants in TCF7L2 and KCNQ1 on diabetic vascular complications, predominantly with nephropathy and CAD. Such a specific pattern of gene variant combination may implicate in the progression of T2DM and life-threatening vascular complications.
The principles of presenting statistical results: Table
Authors: Kwak Sang Gyu , Kang Hyun , Kim Jong Hae , Kim Tae Kyun , Ahn EunJin , Lee Dong Kyu , Lee Sangseok , Park Jae Hong , Nahm Francis Sahngun , In Junyong
Published: March 2021

General medical journals such as the Korean Journal of Anesthesiology (KJA) receive numerous manuscripts every year. However, reviewers have noticed that the tables presented in various manuscripts have great diversity in their appearance, resulting in difficulties in the review and publication process. It might be due to the lack of clear written instructions regarding reporting of statistical results for authors. Therefore, the present article aims to briefly outline reporting methods for several table types, which are commonly used to present statistical results. We hope this article will serve as a guideline for reviewers as well as for authors, who wish to submit a manuscript to the KJA.
Talazoparib Versus Chemotherapy in Patients with HER2-negative Advanced Breast Cancer and a Germline BRCA1/2 Mutation Enrolled in Asian Countries: Exploratory Subgroup Analysis of the Phase III EMBRACA Trial
Authors: Lee Kyung-Hun , Sohn Joohyuk , Goodwin Annabel , Usari Tiziana , Lanzalone Silvana , Im Seock-Ah , Kim Sung-Bae
Published: March 2021

Purpose We evaluated study outcomes in patients enrolled in Asian regions in the phase III EMBRACA trial of talazoparib vs. chemotherapy. Materials and Methods Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative germline BRCA1/2-mutated advanced breast cancer who received prior chemotherapy were randomized 2:1 to talazoparib 1 mg/day or chemotherapy (physician’s choice). Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) per independent central review in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. This post-hoc analysis evaluated efficacy/safety endpoints in the ITT population of patients enrolled in Asian regions. Results Thirty-three patients were enrolled at Asian sites (talazoparib, n=23; chemotherapy, n=10). Baseline characteristics were generally comparable with the overall EMBRACA population. In Asian patients, median PFS was 9.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0, 15.2) for talazoparib and 7.1 months (95% CI, 1.2, not reached) for chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74 [95% CI, 0.22, 2.44]). Objective response rate was numerically higher for talazoparib vs. chemotherapy (62.5% [95% CI, 35.4, 84.8] vs. 25.0% [95% CI, 3.2, 65.1]). Median overall survival was 20.7 months (95% CI, 9.4, 40.1) versus 21.2 months (95% CI, 2.7, 35.0) months (HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.49, 4.05]). In Asian patients, fewer grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), grade 3/4 SAEs, and AEs resulting in dose reduction/discontinuation occurred with talazoparib than chemotherapy; for talazoparib, the frequency of these events was lower in Asian patients versus overall EMBRACA population. Conclusion In this subgroup analysis, talazoparib numerically improved efficacy versus chemotherapy and was generally well tolerated in Asian patients, with fewer grade 3/4 TEAEs, SAEs, and TEAEs leading to dose modification vs. the overall EMBRACA population.
Effects of Gmelina arborea Powdered Parts on Mortality of Dinoderus porcellus in Yam Chips
Authors: John W.C , Ishaya M , Oladejo A.O , Olori-Oke O , Ihum T.A , Ukanyirioha C.J
Published: March 2021

The study aims at evaluating the efficacy of different doses of powdered stem and leaf parts of Gmelina arborea on Dinoderus porcellus infesting yam chips in Jos metropolis. The experiment was conducted at the Entomology Laboratory of the Federal College of Forestry, Jos. Samples of infested yam chips and Gmelina arborea were collected in Jos metropolis. Newly emerged adult Dinoderus porcellus were exposed to the yam chips which were mixed with different levels of Gmelina arborea parts powder (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g). The setup was monitored for 120 hours and mortality recorded. The study was carried out in a randomized complete design with treatments replicated thrice. Data was analysed using analysis of variance at 1 and 5 percent confidence level and Duncan test was used to separate the means. The results obtained reveal significant differences at p value=0.05 and 0.01. The results reveal that in all the doses, an increase in the amount of the powder resulted in increased incidence of D. porcellus mortality. After 120 hours of exposure, 100 % mortality was recorded from either 15 or 20 g stem bark + leaf powder treatment. From the results obtained, the use of 15 g stem bark+leaf powder of Gmelina arborea could be effective in yam chips preservation which could in turn strengthen food security.

Keywords: Yam chips; Dioscorea spp; Stem bark; Botanical; Leaf powder
Comparative Fatty Acid Profiling of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhodococcus rhodochrous Isolated from Spoilt Paints by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Obidi O. F.
Published: March 2021

The use of fatty acids to study the differences in un-related microbes is limited. This study analyzes the fatty acids produced by two unrelated microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram-negative, aerobic, non-endospore forming, usually encapsulated rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae) and Rhodococcus rhodochrous (metabolically versatile, non-spore-forming, non-motile actinomycete) isolated from spoilt paints. Fatty acids produced by the organisms were analyzed using an efficient MIDI-Sherlock gas chromatography method . K. pneumoniae was characterized by a high content of straight chain, branched chain, hydroxyl and cyclo-fatty acids made up of C12: 0, C13:0, C14:0 iso, C14:0, C15:0 iso, C15:0 anteiso, C15:1 ω 8c, C15:0, C16:0 iso, C16:1w5c, C16:0, C15:03OH, C17:1 ω 8c, C17:0 cyclo, C17:0, C18:1 ω5c and C18:0. R. rhodochrous was dominated by straight chain, monounsaturated and 10-methyl fatty acids. The inability to synthesize branched, cyclo- and hydroxyl- fatty acids, was observed in R. rhodochrous which composed mainly of C14: 0, C15: 1 ω 5c, C15:0, C16:1 ω 9c, C16:0, C17:1 ω 8c, C17:0, C17:0 10-methyl, C18: 1 ω 9c, C18.0, 10 methyl-C18:0 TBSA, C20:1 ω 9c, and C20:0. Descriptive statistics reveal a mean of 2.53, 15.10 and 15.15 for retention time (RT), equivalent chain length (ECL) and Peak name, respectively. Possible implications of the variations in fatty acid distribution may include differences in their abilities to produce various secondary metabolites and potentials to degrade a variety of xenobiotics.

Keywords: Fatty acids, paints, Rhodococcus rhodochrous, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Therapeutic equivalence of ivermectin 1% and two novel formulations combined of ivermectin 1% + fluazuron 12.5% for the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in beef cattle from Uruguay
Authors: Robaina Diego , Alvariza Silvana , Suárez Gonzalo
Published: March 2021

Background: Novel combinations of ivermectin (IVM) and fluazuron (FLU) are presented as an alternative for the control of ticks in cattle. Applying a combination of drugs with the aim to affect different stages of the parasite’s life cycle is established as a potential measure to achieve the control of ticks in cattle.

Aim: To determine the therapeutic equivalence between two novel formulations of IVM 1% combined with FLU 12.5% tested on bovines naturally infested with Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.

Methods: Forty adult beef cattle were randomized into four groups (n = 10): IVM [1% (0.2 mg/kg)], combinations groups A and B [IVM 1% (0.2 mg/kg) + FLU 12.5% (2.5 mg/kg), each], and control [untreated]). On days 14, 27, and 49 after administration, the presence of ticks was ranked as null, low, medium, and high; a cumulative link model was adjusted to evaluate treatment response.

Results: Although all groups had some animals with the presence of ticks until day 27, on day 14 IVM [odds ratios (OR) 0.013, CI95%: 0.001–0.014, p < 0.01], A (OR 0.01, CI95%: 0.00–0.07, p < 0.01) and B (OR 0.01, CI95%: 0.00–0.148, p < 0.01) groups were different when compared to the control group, unlike on day 27 where only groups A (OR 0.02, CI95%: 0.00–0.17, p < 0.01) and B (OR 0.06, CI95%: 0.00–0.46, p < 0.01) remained different from the control group. On day 49 post-administration, IVM and B did not differ from the control group, with 0.95 probability (CI95% 0.92–1.02) of high parasite burden. At day 49 post-administration, group A was the only group free of ticks (OR 0.01, CI95%: 0.00–0.13, p < 0.01).

Conclusions: Pharmacotechnical differences in combined formulations should be considered in therapeutic equivalence studies.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide in canine portosystemic shunt in the absence of portal hypertension
Authors: Isaka Mitsuhiro , Ueno Hiroshi
Published: March 2021

Background: The congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS) is a common vascular anomaly in dogs. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is produced in various organs (including the small intestine, large intestine, and pancreas), leading to abdominal vasodilation, increased blood flow, increased pancreatic blood flow, and promotion of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretions. However, there have been no reports on the concentration of VIP in the portal and peripheral veins in canine PSS.

Aim: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate whether dogs with PSS have a different VIP concentration in their portal system in general.

Methods: Six dogs with an extrahepatic portosplenic shunt were included in the study. Blood samples were taken from the saphenous and portal veins during PSS ligation surgery with an amerid constrictor, to evaluate and compare the VIP concentration in both samples. VIP was measured using a commercial canine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Results: The breeds included Mongrels (n = 2), Norfolk Terriers (n = 1), Miniature Dachshunds (n = 1), and Maltese (n = 2), and their ages were 9.3 ± 6.5 months; the bodyweight was 3.3 ± 0.8 kg. The concentration of VIP in the saphenous vein was 17.75 ± 13.88 pg/ml; on the contrary, the concentration of VIP in the portal vein was 29.7 ± 20.29 pg/ml. There was no significant difference in the VIP concentration between veins.

Conclusion: There was no difference in the VIP concentration between the portal and saphenous veins, suggesting a non-association between VIP and the PSS, in the absence of portal hypertension.
Rosyjska rewolucja i świat w XX wieku w kontekście „problemu rosyjskiego” na paryskiej konferencji pokojowej
Authors: Narocznicka Natalia Aleksiejewna
Published: March 2021

The Russian Revolution and the World in the Twentieth Century: Viewed in the Context of the Russian Question at the Paris Peace Conference

The author reviews and sums up areas of research focused on the centennial of the Russian Revolution, Civil War and the end of World War One. Special emphasis is put to the Russian question at the 1919 Paris Peace (Versailles) Conference. The article presents both new and little known data revealing the differences among the Allied Powers regarding the Russian Revolution, the Bolshevik regime, support to the White Movement and the integrity of the Russian territory. It also studies some scarcely researched aspects of W. Wilson's program and US secret diplomacy, including the role of the'Inquiry', the American study group at Versailles Conference; Bullitt's mission to Soviet Russia; negotiations between M. Litvinov and W. Buckler; plans to recognize the Bolsheviks on the territory they were controlling in 1919.

Artykuł systematyzuje kierunki badań związanych ze stuleciem rosyjskiej rewolucji, wojny domowej i zakończeniem pierwszej wojny światowej. Szczególną uwagę poświęca się „rosyjskiemu Problemowi” na Paryskiej Konferencji Pokojowej w 1919 r. Autorka przywołuje mało znane i nowe fakty świadczące o kontrowersjach między państwami Ententy w ocenie rewolucji w Rosji, reżimu bolszewickiego, poparcia dla Ruchu Białych i integralności terytorium Rosji. Zaprezentowana została analiza mało zbadane aspekty programu W. Wilsona i tajnej dyplomacji USA, w tym rola amerykańskiej grupy eksperckiej Inquiry, misja W. Bullita w Radzieckiej Rosji, rozmowy M. Litwinowa i W. Becklera, plany uznania władzy bolszewików na zajmowanych przez nich w 1919 r. terytoriach.
Análisis de sentimientos en R con 'syuzhet'
Authors: Isasi Jennifer
Published: March 2021

Esta lección te enseña una forma de obtener y analizar datos sobre las emociones y los sentimientos de una narración
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EFFICACY OF AGNIKARMA AND UPANAHAM IN VATAKANTAKA
Authors: S Sandeep. , Angial Tandup
Published: March 2021

Ayurveda, the science of life, which is an ancient healthcare system which is based on eternal principal of health life. The whole clinical approach of Ayurveda is based on prevention, promotive and curative as-pect.Vatakantaka is that disorder, which interfere with the free locomotion of the individual resulting in hindrance to his daily activities. Acharya Sushrutha explain it under Vatavyadi; & in due course, other au-thors like Vagbhata, Yogarathnakara, Chakradatta, Vangasena and Madhavakara also narrate the same. In Vatakantaka pain in the heel develops due to walking on uneven surfaces or excessive walking. Due to the Nidanas,Vata gets vitiated and reside at Gulpha Sandhi, produces the disease. Sushruta has mentioned different methods of management for different diseases. Here in the management of vatakantak, Acharya described, sneha, upanaha, agnikarma, bandhana and unmardana. Keeping in view of the many draw backs of modern methods of managements, a comparative clinical trial is aimed at the evaluation of the efficacy of Agnikarma with such and Upanaha with kottanchukkadi choorna in Vatakantaka with an in-tention to promote an effective, economical and simple treatment with no adverse effects
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF GARBHINI CHARDI (Emesis Gravidarum) WITH CHATURJATA CHOORNA (CHATURJATA POWDER) - A PILOT STUDY
Authors: 1 Priyanka , S Shreyes. , M.R Yogitha Bali
Published: March 2021

Background: During pregnancy many demands are made by growing fetus, to meet these requirements maternal system has to undergo certain changes. Garbhinichardi (Emesis Gravidarum) is one among them and this has been termed as Gruhita Garbha Lakshanas (Immediate signs of conception) in Ayurvedic clas-sics. Approximately 80 % of pregnant women experience excessive salivation, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, commonly known as “morning sickness”, which is seen frequently throughout the day. Design: This is single blind pilot study. 30 patients with complaints of Garbhinichardi (Emesis Gravidarum) in first trimester were included in this study. Patients were given Chaturjatachurna (Chatutjata powder)for a peri-od of 2 weeks in dose of 3gms thrice a day after meal with Anupana (Adjuvant) as Madhu (honey) of 5ml mixed with Tandulodaka (Raw rice water) Results: This pilot study showed statistically significant changes with Chaturjatachurna in reducing the complaints of pregnant women such as nausea (p<0.001), vomiting (p<0.001) and Aruchi (Anorexia) (p<0.001) in their first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: Chaturjata-churna was effective in the management of Garbhini Chardi (Emesis Gravidarum) and other symptoms in the first trimester of pregnancy.
A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF DARVYADI LEHYA AND DRAKSHADI LEHYA IN PANDU ROGA W.S.R TO I.D.A
Authors: Raj Karthika , Shetty Susheel
Published: March 2021

Pandu is a Pitta Pradhana Tridoshaja Vikara affecting the Rasavaha srotas causing Sapta Dhatu Kshaya and Ojokshaya1. The disease is characterized by Panduvamata and Arohana Ayasa. Karnakshweda, Agnimandya, Daurbalya, Annadwesha, Srama, Bhrama, Gathrashoola, Arohanaayasa, Aruchi, Gaurava etc. are the other symptoms commonly found in the patients of Pandu. In the Present era, Anaemia is a burning issue around the world and W.H.O Global data base 2011 reveals that, in a 120 million population, 83% people are suffering from anaemia2.Present study was conducted on 60 diagnosed patients of Panduwho were randomly allocated with 30 each in two groups. Darvyadhi Lehya was given for one group and Drakshadhi Lehya a widely used formulation in clinical practice was given for another group. The study was conducted in 60 subjects for a period of 30 days. Clinical features and haematological parameters were documented before and after the treatment. The results of the study showed that, a statistically significant difference was not seen between the effect of Darvyadi and Drakshadilehya in Pandu roga.
EFFICACY OF YOGA MODALITIES IN BOOSTING IMMUNITY IN FRONT LINE HEALTH CARE WORKERS
Authors: Gupta Komal , Singhal Ankur
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Today World is facing a major financial setback and health emergency due to one of the communicable diseases COVID-19. As impact of communicable diseases is increasing day by day and role of modern treatment is decreasing, it seems very difficult to stop the spread of such disease as we have numerous densely populated cities, sub urban areas, slums etc. and poor nutritional conditions in India. As front-line health care workers are most exposed, it becomes more difficult for them to work in such environment. They need to take care of patients as well as for themselves by taking proper preventive measures. As 'Ayurveda' an ancient old science, well explains about preventive and immunity boosting principles, everyone is looking towards Ayurveda for an effective solution to handle such situations. In the view of above points this research was carried out to assess the efficacy of Yoga modalities in boosting immunity against such communicable diseases in front line health care workers. The research was carried with three parameters which plays significant role in maintaining immunity and keeping us healthy and fit i.e. Ahara Shakti, Vyayama Shakti, Mansika Shakti.
Material Methods: The study was carried out in 40 health care workers of GS Hospital and GS Ayurveda Hospital, Pilkhuwa. Yoga intervention was carried out in all the health care workers for 30 days. Ahara Shakti, Vyayam Shakti and Mansik Shakti were assessed before and after yoga intervention and results were assessed statistically with student ‘t’ test.
Results & Conclusion: Difference in Results before and after treatment was found significant in almost all the cases. Improvement seen on pain intolerance and grand meal was not significant. Here it can be concluded that yoga modalities help to improve sarta, bala and vyadhikshamatwa (Immunity).