bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiência de 22 anos do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira da UFRJ
Authors: Aires Mariana Tschoepke , Landgraf Jocelene de Fátima , Parente Ana Alice  Amaral Ibiapin , Junqueira José Cesar da Fonseca
Published: December 2022

O Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa - CEP - do Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira - IPPMG - está completando vinte e dois anos de atuação contínua. O IPPMG é uma unidade hospitalar pediátrica pertencente à Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ -, onde são desenvolvidas atividades de assistência, ensino, extensão e pesquisa. Neste artigo, descreve-se o seu processo de estruturação e funcionamento desde o início de suas atividades em 2000 até setembro de 2022. Seu histórico foi obtido por meio de entrevista com o primeiro coordenador, professor Marcelo Land, e registros do comitê. Foi determinado o quantitativo de projetos aprovados a cada ano, no período de 2001 a setembro de 2022. Por meio da Plataforma Brasil, no período entre 2018 e agosto de 2022, foi determinado o tempo dispendido entre a entrada do projeto original ou emenda e o resultado da avaliação. Obteve-se a média e desvio padrão, bem como o número mínimo e máximo de dias até a emissão do parecer. De 2001 a 2022, foram aprovados 1.128 projetos de pesquisa pelo CEP IPPMG/UFRJ. De 2018 a 2021, foram emitidos 326 pareceres consubstanciados com aprovação média de 65% protocolos de pesquisa a cada ano. O tempo máximo de dias para a emissão de parecer caiu ao longo desse período, de 167 dias em 2018 a 84 dias em 2021, sendo maior o tempo médio para emissão de parecer de não aprovação em todos os anos. Em 21 anos de existência, o CEP IPPMG/UFRJ teve um volume expressivo de pareceres emitidos, com um tempo médio para emissão de parecer constante, com demanda de um tempo maior para análise nos projetos não aprovados. Representam desafios o grande volume de investigações avaliadas pelo CEP do IPPMG/UFRJ, sua complexidade e a vulnerabilidade da população que participa de pesquisas na instituição.
Cidades, espaços teatrais e experiências artísticas: uma introdução
Authors: Lima Evelyn Furquim Werneck , Munk Leonardo , Mesentier Leonardo Marques de , Bezelga Isabel Maria Gonçalves
Published: December 2022

Introduz-se neste artigo o dossiê temático organizado para revelar estudos atualizados sobre a questão dos espaços teatrais, das cidades, das diferentes experiências artísticas que ocorrem nos espaços urbanos públicos e semipúblicos de pequenas e grandes localidades. Os temas se estendem do Maranhão ao Rio Grande do Sul, mas contemplam também as cidades de Lisboa e Barcelona, demonstrando as múltiplas possibilidades do espaço para as artes cênicas.
Reorientando fundamentos teatrais nas encenações site-specific
Authors: Silva Jose Jackson
Published: December 2022

Neste artigo problematizamos os fundamentos teatrais nas encenações site-specific, a fim de tramar conhecimentos que auxiliem na assimilação prática e conceitual dessa poética contemporânea. Para tal, partimos de abordagens teóricas, distinções de realizações criativas e exemplos históricos do teatro brasileiro.
Caixa de ilusões: o corpo-político no espetáculo da Ânima companhia de Dança
Authors: Silva Thais Coelho da , Dantas Mônica Fagundes
Published: December 2022

Partindo do entendimento de que o corpo dançante é político, o presente artigo estabelece relações entre dança e política a partir dos discursos que são levados à cena no espetáculo Caixa de ilusões, da Ânima companhia de dança, dirigido pela coreógrafa Eva Schul.
Teatro nos trilhos: a encenação de Boca de Ouro dentro de um trem na região suburbana de Salvador
Authors: Uzel Marcos
Published: December 2022

O diretor teatral Fernando Guerreiro, um dos encenadores mais importantes da história do teatro na Bahia, redimensionou a relação entre o artista e a cidade ao montar o espetáculo Boca de Ouro, de Nelson Rodrigues, dentro de um trem em movimento pelo Subúrbio Ferroviário de Salvador. Com características do site-specific, a peça itinerante se tornou um marco na memória recente das artes cênicas na capital baiana. Além de ser exibida num espaço insólito e de deslocar o fazer teatral do centro para a periferia, também ganhou um caráter formativo e de mobilização social, através do diálogo do encenador e do elenco com líderes comunitários e da realização de oficinas de arte para os moradores da região suburbana.
Teatro na rua: quando a cidade invade a cena
Authors: Oliveira Natassia Duarte Garcia Leite de , Melo José Alencar de
Published: December 2022

André Carreira (1960) inaugurou práticas e teorias de suma relevância para o teatro latino-americano. Neste diálogo, o diretor fala do início de sua carreira e das principais influências artísticas que permeiam sua história. Além disso, dá pistas do conceito de cidade e da noção do espaço urbano como dramaturgia e esclarece sua compreensão acerca dos termos espaços convencionais e não convencionais, teatro na cidade, teatro na rua, teatro de rua, dentre outros. A entrevista semiestruturada foi dividida em três partes: a primeira aborda os aspectos gerais acerca das formas teatrais e do espaço urbano; a segunda enfatiza o teatro na rua, e a terceira expõe a experiência com o grupo Teatro que Roda (Goiânia/Goiás/Brasil). A oportunidade do encontro se deu presencialmente, em 2014, na ocasião em que o entrevistado participava de um projeto na cidade de Goiânia. Carreira teve acesso à transcrição bruta do material, que também foi revisado por ele antes dessa publicação.
A Neo-commedia dell´arte ou “A Invenção de uma Tradição”: Carlo Boso e Leo de Berardinis, dois Capocomici Modernos
Authors: Filacanapa Giulia , Faleiro José Ronaldo , Borges Paulo Barlardim , Kodi Douglas
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo estuda a Commedia dell’arte no século XX como uma “Tradição inventada”, seguindo a perspectiva dos estudos de Hobsbawm (1983), podendo ser nomeada de Neo-Commedia dell’arte. Para isso são apresentados dois breves estudos de caso dos encenadores Carlo Boso e Leo de Berardinis, com base nas peças Il Falso Magnifico[O Falso Magnífico] eIl retorno di Scaramouche [A Volta de Scaramouche].
Directions in the development of modern and promising antimicrobial agents
Authors: S. Todosiichuk Tetiana , O. Soloviov Serhii , Wu1 Lin , V. Dzyublyk Iryna , P. Trokhimenko Olena , Dudek Magdalena , Symchuk Artem , Vasylenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2022

The use of antibiotics is becoming increasingly limited. This is mainly due to the development of resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and, over time, more and more bacteria will become resistant to antimicrobials. This problem inevitably leads to the conclusion that studies into alternative methods of combating pathogens, which are necessary to develop sufficiently reliable and effective therapies for bacterial infections, are indispensable. This review highlights some recent developments in conventional antibiotic and non-antibiotic treatment strategies. It has been shown that traditional antibacterial targets include derivatives of known antibiotic classes, new chemical classes with new targets, as well as unknown or undefined agents with unclear targets. Promising strategies for combating microbial pathogens have been identified, including new targets, namely, toxin secretion systems, biofilm formation, and adhesion mechanisms that affect quorum sensing of microbial populations. In addition, it is important to use new antimicrobial agents with other, non-antibiotic, mechanisms of action: phage and phage-derived peptides, microbiota-modulating therapies, and enhancing immune response.
Using pulse electric fields (PEF) for selective inactivation of coliform bacteria
Authors: Barauskaitė Neringa , Visockis Mindaugas , Bubnytė Dovilė , Meldaikytė Ineta , Gelažunaitė Simona , Šarkinas Augustinas , Rafanavičius Aras , Ruzgys Paulius
Published: December 2022

Coliform bacteria usually originate from the intestine, and the contamination typically occurs when there is a lack of sterility in food industry. PEF-induced selective nonthermal pasteurisation method might pasteurise coliform bacteria while leaving the needed bacteria intact. To evaluate this hypothesis, we chose Escherichia coli dh5α (E. coli) strain as a representation of coliform bacteria for this study. We also used Streptococcus thermophilus bacteria strain as a representation of lactobacteria used in milk by-products. The obtained results of PEF application showed that selective death of bacteria after PEF treatment can be induced. PEF was applied on bacteria. Then the clonogenic assay, the metabolic activity, and bacterial growth in the bioreactor were evaluated. By applying PEF treatment on E. coli and S. thermophilus their survival was monitored. We found the PEF parameters under which coliform bacteria E. coli were killed more than 100 times effectively than S. thermophilus. We postulate that it is the result of the bacteria size. Here we show that a PEF-induced selective nonthermal pasteurisation method could be applied in the industry where coliform bacteria can be eliminated while leaving other needed bacteria intact. We showed this by measuring the metabolic activity, the ability to form colonies, and the change in bacteria growth rate in the bioreactor.
Co-Cities
Authors: Foster Sheila R. , Iaione Christian
Published: December 2022

A new model of urban governance, mapping the route to a more equitable management of a city's infrastructure and services.

The majority of the world's inhabitants live in cities, but even with the vast wealth and resources these cities generate, their most vulnerable populations live without adequate or affordable housing, safe water, healthy food, and other essentials. And yet, cities also often harbor the solutions to the inequalities they create, as this book makes clear. With examples drawn from cities worldwide, Co-Cities outlines practices, laws, and policies that are presently fostering innovation in the provision of urban services, spurring collaborative economies as a driver of local sustainable development, and promoting inclusive and equitable regeneration of blighted urban areas.

Identifying core elements of these diverse efforts, Sheila R. Foster and Christian Iaione develop a framework for understanding how certain initiatives position local communities as key actors in the production, delivery, and management of urban assets or local resources. Within this framework, they explain the forms such initiatives increasingly take, like community land trusts, new kinds of co-housing, neighborhood cooperatives, community-shared broadband and energy networks, and new local offices focused on citizen science and civic imagination.

The “Co-City” framework is uniquely rooted in the authors' own decades-long research and first-hand experience working in cities around the world. Foster and Iaione offer their observations as “design principles”—adaptable to local context—to help guide further experimentation in building just and self-sustaining urban communities.
Sound Actions
Authors: Jensenius Alexander Refsum
Published: December 2022

A techno-cognitive look at how new technologies are shaping the future of musicking.

“Musicking” encapsulates both the making of and perception of music, so it includes both active and passive forms of musical engagement. But at its core, it is a relationship between actions and sounds, between human bodies and musical instruments. Viewing musicking through this lens and drawing on music cognition and music technology, Sound Actions proposes a model for understanding differences between traditional acoustic “sound makers” and new electro-acoustic “music makers.”

What is a musical instrument? How do new technologies change how we perform and perceive music? What happens when composers build instruments, performers write code, perceivers become producers, and instruments play themselves? The answers to these pivotal questions entail a meeting point between interactive music technology and embodied music cognition, what author Alexander Refsum Jensenius calls “embodied music technology.” Moving between objective description and subjective narrative of his own musical experiences, Jensenius explores why music makes people move, how the human body can be used in musical interaction, and how new technologies allow for active musical experiences. The development of new music technologies, he demonstrates, has fundamentally changed how music is performed and perceived.
The need for more research into reproductive health and disease
Authors: Mercuri Natalie D , Cox Brian J
Published: December 2022

Reproductive diseases have a significant impact on human health, especially on women’s health: endometriosis affects 10% of all reproductive-aged women but is often undiagnosed for many years, and preeclampsia claims over 70,000 maternal and 500,000 neonatal lives every year. Infertility rates are also rising. However, relatively few new treatments or diagnostics for reproductive diseases have emerged in recent decades. Here, based on analyses of PubMed, we report that the number of research articles published on non-reproductive organs is 4.5 times higher than the number published on reproductive organs. Moreover, for the two most-researched reproductive organs (breast and prostate), the focus is on non-reproductive diseases such as cancer. Further, analyses of grant databases maintained by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the National Institutes of Health in the United States show that the number of grants for research on non-reproductive organs is 6–7 times higher than the number for reproductive organs. Our results suggest that there are too few researchers working in the field of reproductive health and disease, and that funders, educators and the research community must take action to combat this longstanding disregard for reproductive science.
Monoallelic CRMP1 gene variants cause neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Ravindran Ethiraj , Arashiki Nobuto , Becker Lena-Luise , Takizawa Kohtaro , Lévy Jonathan , Rambaud Thomas , Makridis Konstantin L , Goshima Yoshio , Li Na , Vreeburg Maaike , Demeer Bénédicte , Dickmanns Achim , Stegmann Alexander PA , Hu Hao , Nakamura Fumio , Kaindl Angela M
Published: December 2022

Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are key for brain development and function. Here, we link CRMP1 to a neurodevelopmental disorder. We report heterozygous de novo variants in the CRMP1 gene in three unrelated individuals with muscular hypotonia, intellectual disability, and/or autism spectrum disorder. Based on in silico analysis these variants are predicted to affect the CRMP1 structure. We further analyzed the effect of the variants on the protein structure/levels and cellular processes. We showed that the human CRMP1 variants impact the oligomerization of CRMP1 proteins. Moreover, overexpression of the CRMP1 variants affect neurite outgrowth of murine cortical neurons. While altered CRMP1 levels have been reported in psychiatric diseases, genetic variants in CRMP1 gene have never been linked to human disease. We report for the first-time variants in the CRMP1 gene and emphasize its key role in brain development and function by linking directly to a human neurodevelopmental disease.
Spinal premotor interneurons controlling antagonistic muscles are spatially intermingled
Authors: Ronzano Remi , Skarlatou Sophie , Barriga Bianca K , Bannatyne B Anne , Bhumbra Gardave Singh , Foster Joshua D , Moore Jeffrey D , Lancelin Camille , Pocratsky Amanda M , Özyurt Mustafa Görkem , Smith Calvin Chad , Todd Andrew J , Maxwell David J , Murray Andrew J , Pfaff Samuel L , Brownstone Robert M , Zampieri Niccolò , Beato Marco
Published: December 2022

Elaborate behaviours are produced by tightly controlled flexor-extensor motor neuron activation patterns. Motor neurons are regulated by a network of interneurons within the spinal cord, but the computational processes involved in motor control are not fully understood. The neuroanatomical arrangement of motor and premotor neurons into topographic patterns related to their controlled muscles is thought to facilitate how information is processed by spinal circuits. Rabies retrograde monosynaptic tracing has been used to label premotor interneurons innervating specific motor neuron pools, with previous studies reporting topographic mediolateral positional biases in flexor and extensor premotor interneurons. To more precisely define how premotor interneurons contacting specific motor pools are organized, we used multiple complementary viral-tracing approaches in mice to minimize systematic biases associated with each method. Contrary to expectations, we found that premotor interneurons contacting motor pools controlling flexion and extension of the ankle are highly intermingled rather than segregated into specific domains like motor neurons. Thus, premotor spinal neurons controlling different muscles process motor instructions in the absence of clear spatial patterns among the flexor-extensor circuit components.
Single amino acid residue mediates reciprocal specificity in two mosquito odorant receptors
Authors: Franco Flavia P , Xu Pingxi , Harris Brandon J , Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir , Leal Walter S
Published: December 2022

The southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, utilizes two odorant receptors, CquiOR10 and CquiOR2, narrowly tuned to oviposition attractants and well conserved among mosquito species. They detect skatole and indole, respectively, with reciprocal specificity. We swapped the transmembrane (TM) domains of CquiOR10 and CquiOR2 and identified TM2 as a specificity determinant. With additional mutations, we showed that CquiOR10A73L behaved like CquiOR2. Conversely, CquiOR2L74A recapitulated CquiOR10 specificity. Next, we generated structural models of CquiOR10 and CquiOR10A73L using RoseTTAFold and AlphaFold and docked skatole and indole using RosettaLigand. These modeling studies suggested space-filling constraints around A73. Consistent with this hypothesis, CquiOR10 mutants with a bulkier residue (Ile, Val) were insensitive to skatole and indole, whereas CquiOR10A73G retained the specificity to skatole and showed a more robust response than the wildtype receptor CquiOR10. On the other hand, Leu to Gly mutation of the indole receptor CquiOR2 reverted the specificity to skatole. Lastly, CquiOR10A73L, CquiOR2, and CquiOR2L74I were insensitive to 3-ethylindole, whereas CquiOR2L74A and CquiOR2L74G gained activity. Additionally, CquiOR10A73G gave more robust responses to 3-ethylindole than CquiOR10. Thus, we suggest the specificity of these receptors is mediated by a single amino acid substitution, leading to finely tuned volumetric space to accommodate specific oviposition attractants.
Digital society social interactions and trust analysis model
Authors: Kumar Aseem , Malik Arun , Batra Isha , Ahmad Naveed , Johar Sumaira
Published: December 2022

During unprecedented events such as COVID-19, the fabric of society comes under stress and all stakeholders want to increase the predictability of the future and reduce the ongoing uncertainties. In this research, an attempt has been made to model the situation in which the sentiment “trust” is computed so as to map the behaviour of society. However, technically, the purpose of this research is not to determine the “degree of trust in society” as a consequence of some specific emotions or sentiments that the community is experiencing at any particular time. This project is concerned with the construction of a computational model that can assist in improving our understanding of the dynamics of digital societies, particularly when it comes to the attitude referred to as “trust.” The digital society trust analysis (D.S.T.A.) model that has been provided is simple to configure and simple to implement. It includes many previous models, such as standing models, Schelling’s model of segregation, and tipping points, in order to construct models for understanding the dynamics of a society reeling under the effects of a COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation, fake news, and other sentiments that impact the behaviour of the different groups.
Population development and landscape preference of reintroduced wild ungulates: successful rewilding in Southern Italy
Authors: Rivieccio Eleonora , Troiano Claudia , Petrelli Simona , Maselli Valeria , de Filippo Gabriele , Fulgione Domenico , Buglione Maria
Published: December 2022

Background

In the past decades, the abandonment of traditional land use practices has determined landscape changes inducing reforestation dynamics. This phenomenon can be contrasted with rewilding practices, i.e., the reintroduction of animals that may promote the recovery of landscape diversity. In this study, we explore the dynamics of expansion of two reintroduced populations of wild ungulates, Italian roe deer (Capreolus capreolus italicus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), assessing their contribution in the recovery of landscape diversity.

Methods

By using direct and indirect information on the two species, collected by nocturnal and diurnal surveys and camera trapping, we modelled a habitat suitability map, and estimated the density and distribution of the populations. We also performed a land use changes analysis, combining the presence of wild ungulates and livestock.

Results and Discussion

We demonstrated that deer dispersed gradually from their release location, increasing in population size, and this occurred in the entire study area. Moreover, we show that areas with lower grazing density are significantly affected by forest encroachment. A possible interpretation of this result could be that wild grazers (roe deer and red deer) prefer semi-open areas surrounded by the forest. This, in association with other factors, such as domestic grazing, could be one of the main responsible in maintaining landscape mosaic typical of the Apennine mountain, confirming the value of grazers as a landscape management tool. Moreover, we show the possibility to conserve through reintroduction the vulnerable C.c. italicus.
Appropriate Number of Center Points for Response Surface Exploration Using Small Box Behnken Design
Authors: Kiwu Lawrence Chizoba , Kiwu-Lawrence Fidelia Chinenye , Boniface Desmond Chekwube Okafor Ikechukwu , Onyemachi Elechi
Published: December 2022

Industrial exploration using the Box Behnken Design (BBD) has been faced with a serious setback due to the swift upsurge in the runs size as the number of factors increase. This, therefore, dissuades researchers and affects the application of the design. The Small Box Behnken Designs (SBBD) which achieve the research goal of BBD were proposed to overcome the setback. This paper aimed at recommending an appropriate number of center points suitable for response surface exploration and its applications in industries using the SBBD. The method adopted for assessing the center points is the prediction variance-based G-efficiency optimality criterion. The range of design factors, k, considered is 3 to 11, while comparing the designs at 0 - 5 number of center points. For each of the design factors considered, the result showed that increasing the center point, decreases the G-efficiency value. Hence, increasing the center point does not contribute significantly to the prediction variance capability of the designs considered. However, in other to test the model lack of fit and estimate pure error which are very important in experimental design analysis, this study recommends that at most two runs (center points) be replicated at the center. Since with this number, approximately 90% G-efficiency can be achieved for response surface exploration using the SBBD.
Efficiency of Some Herbicides and Fungicides on Management of Common Bean Damping-off and Root-rot Diseases
Authors: Hassan Rodina Ahmed , Eldakar Hala A. M.
Published: December 2022

The three tested herbicides and fungicides caused significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani the causal of common bean damping-off and root-rot diseases compared with control treatment. This inhibition was gradually increased by increasing the concentration of the tested herbicides and fungicides. Moreover, the fungus F. solani was greatly affected by the tested herbicides and fungicides than the fungus R. solani. Furthermore, the tested fungicides were more efficient than the herbicides in this regard. There was significant decrease in both damping-off and root-rot severity with significant increase in the survived plants due to the treatment with the tested herbicides and fungicides. No damping-off and root-rot were recorded in case the tested herbicides, fungicides and non-infested soil. Highest percentages of damping-off, root-rot and lowest survived plant were recorded in case of soil infested with any of the two pathogens. In addition, the combination between the tested herbicides and fungicides with any of the tested pathogens resulted in significant reduction to damping-off and root-rot severity with significant increase in the survived plants compared to plants grown in soil infested with any of the two tested pathogens and did not receive such a treatment. The treatment with any of the tested herbicides and fungicides and grown in soil infested with any of the two pathogens resulted in remarkable increase in the total phenolic compounds compared to the values of plants grown in soil infested with any of the two causal fungi (control plants). Gradual increase in the values of total phenolic compounds was occurred by increasing the time of inoculation with the pathogens and the highest increase in the total phenolic compounds was occurred by the tested fungicides compared with the tested herbicides. The percentages of the estimated nitrogen and protein content in common bean green seeds were increased due to the treatment with the tested herbicides and fungicides compared with the green seeds of plants grown in soil infested with any of both pathogens. The tested fungicides caused considerable increase in the percentages of total nitrogen and protein when compared to the tested herbicides.
The Importance of Early Intervention for Penile Fracture in Forced Flexion - Report of Two Cases at Madinat Zayed Hospital
Authors: Chabouk Anas Mohamad , ALakkad Ashraf , Fakhri Mahmoud Mohamed , Meligy Ashraf Saad
Published: December 2022

Background: A penile fracture is a urological emergency that happens when an erect penis sustains a violent trauma, resulting in a tear in the tunica albuginea of one or both corpora cavernosa.

Case report: Case 1: A 33-year-old male patient who experienced pain, swelling, and forceful flexion of the penis. The patient reported hearing a cracking sound during masturbation.  This case was identified on the basis of clinical presentation and the findings of a physical examination. The emergency surgical repair was performed with an evacuation of the hematoma.

Case 2: A 32-year-old male patient who presented to the emergency department 20 hours after the injury with associated complaints of pain and swelling in the penis and scrotum This case was identified on the basis of clinical presentation and the findings of a physical examination. The emergency surgical repair was performed with an evacuation of the hematoma. Tunical defect closure was performed with an interrupted 3.0 vicryl suture. Additionally, the patient developed phimosis and a circumcision was performed to remove the tight fibrotic segment of the foreskin hemostasis and closed by 3.0 rapid sutures.

Conclusion: A pre-operative urethrography or flexible cystoscopy should be considered when urethral injury is suspected. Prompt surgical intervention usually leads to satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. Early-stage intervention is required to retain penile function.
Effect of Different Herbicides and Allelochemicals on Weed Density and Soil Microbial Population under Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Poojitha Kommireddy , Murthy K. N. Kalyana , Sanjay M. T. , Dhanapal G. N.
Published: December 2022

The use of herbicides for weed control often catches the eye of environmentalists as it harms the soil microflora leading to deteriorated soil health. So, efforts are being made in order to use herbicides that can cause no or very less harm to the soil microflora. In this context, an experiment is planned to know the potential effect of different herbicides and allelochemicals on weed density and soil microbial population under direct seeded rice where herbicide weed management is widely adopted. The experiment is conducted during Rabi, 2020 and summer, 2021 in the red sandy loams of Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru by using randomized complete block design with three replications. Out of different treatments tried out, T4 i.e., bispyribac sodium 10 SC 40 g a.i. ha-1 as post emergence has reported superior weed control which is evident by the lower weed density (43.3 no. m-2) and weed dry weight (49.2 g m-2) followed by T1 i.e., bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor 6.6 GR 660 g a.i. ha-1 as pre emergence (46.0 no. m-2 and 51.4 g m-2, respectively). When soil microbial population is considered all the allelochemical treatments has recorded higher microbial population but the weed control in these allelochemical treatments was not satisfactory. Among the herbicides, T1 i.e., bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor 6.6 GR 660 g a.i. ha-1 as pre emergence has recorded higher microbial population of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi (23.52 x 105, 15.30 x 104 and 12.45 x 103 CFU g-1 soil, respectively) over T4 i.e., bispyribac sodium 10 SC 40 g a.i. ha-1 as post emergence (21.83 x 105, 13.33 x 104 and 10.91 x 103 CFU g-1 soil, respectively). Hence, by taking both weed control and soil microbial population into consideration treatment T1 i.e., bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor 6.6 GR 660 g a.i. ha-1 as pre emergence is concluded to be the better herbicide.
Caesarean Delivery and Postnatal Depression in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Solomon Enyidah Nonyenim , Ijeoma Nonye-Enyidah Esther
Published: December 2022

Background: Postnatal depression is one of the most devastating of the mental disorders affecting women six weeks postpartum, accounting for more than 20% of maternal deaths after childbirth. It is said that young children of mothers with postnatal depression have greater behavioural problems than those of non- depressed mothers. Mode of delivery with other risk factors has been implicated as a predictive factor and caesarean section in any form is said to be most implicated. This study intends to contribute to the raging arguments on the relationship between caesarean section and postnatal depression.

Objective: To examine the relationship between caesarean sections and postnatal depression.

Methods: Women visiting the postnatal clinic six weeks postpartum who consented to the study, where interviewed and screened for depression using the study designed questionnaire and the Edinburg postnatal depressive scale (EPDS). Data obtained were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0, p values <0.05 were statistically significant.

Results: Out of 405 women who participated in the study, 135 (33.3%) had an EPDS score of > 12 points. Among the risk factors isolated which included co-habiting, death of children, children challenges and partner violence, caesarean section showed a very strong association p=0.001, OR 1.68, 95% cl=1.10-2.58. Emergency caesarean section showed a stronger association p=0.001, OR 3.6, 95%cl=2.35-5.69.

Conclusion: Emergency caesarean section has a strong significant impact on the development of postnatal depression.
Effect of Nitrogen Management at the Reproductive Phase in Transplanted Rice
Authors: Akter N. , Sobahan M. A. , Badshah M. A. , Islam S. A. , Akter R. , Islam M. Sh.
Published: December 2022

Nitrogen (N) is not only a major nutrient but also the most limiting nutrient element for rice cultivation. Efficient N fertilizer management is critical for the economic production of rice and the long-term protection of environmental quality. Considering the above facts, two field experiments were designed at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm, Gazipur, Bangladesh during the transplanting Aman season (July to November), 2018-19 and the Boro season (December to May), 2019-20 to study the effects of four different N management on growth, yield attributes, yield and nitrogen uptake by rice variety BRRI dhan75 and BRRI dhan89. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design involving four different N management at different stages (Active tillering, Panicle initiation, Flowering and Heading) replicated three times. Results revealed that 69 kg N ha-1 (29.5 kg as basal + 29.5 kg at 15 DAT + 10 kg ha-1 at heading) would be a better option for higher yield in T. Aman rice While 120 kg N ha-1 (23 kg as basal + 40 kg at 20 DAT + 40 kg at 40 DAT + 17 kg ha-1 at heading) significantly improved growth, yield attributes and grain yield as well as nitrogen uptake by grain and straw. From the results, it can be said that application of N @10 kg ha-1 for T. Aman rice and N @17 kg ha-1 for Boro rice at the heading stage would reduce sterility and give a higher yield than BRRI recommended management. Hence, the study suggests that nitrogen management at the reproductive phase gives better performance to the T. Aman and Boro rice.
Magnetic Skyrmion Transistor Gated with Voltage‐Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Yang Seungmo , Son Jong Wan , Ju Tae‐Seong , Tran Duc Minh , Han Hee‐Sung , Park Sungkyun , Park Bae Ho , Moon Kyoung‐Woong , Hwang Chanyong
Published: December 2022

The paradigm shift of information carriers from charge to spin has long been awaited in modern electronics. The invention of the spin‐information transistor is expected to be an essential building block for the future development of spintronics. Here, a proof‐of‐concept experiment of a magnetic skyrmion transistor working at room temperature, which has never been demonstrated experimentally, is introduced. With the spatially uniform control of magnetic anisotropy, the shape and topology of a skyrmion when passing the controlled area can be maintained. The findings will open a new route toward the design and realization of skyrmion‐based spintronic devices in the near future.
Boosting Energy Transfer from Self‐Trapped Exciton to Er3+ Through Sb3+ Doping in Cs2Na(Lu/Er)Cl6 Double Perovskites
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Dang Peipei , Tian Long , Yang Wei , Cheng Ziyong , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun
Published: December 2022

Metal halide double perovskites are highly attractive for optoelectronic applications because of their superior optical properties. Here, a novel halide double perovskite, Cs2NaLuCl6, exhibiting bright blue emission originating from the host self‐trapped exciton (STE) is reported. Through doping with Sb3+, the dopant‐induced STE is formed in the crystals with a photoluminescence quantum yield up to 94%. The energy transfer from the dopant STE to Er3+ is superior to the direct excitation of Er3+, which is more efficient than the energy transfer from the host STE to Er3+. Furthermore, the energy transfer efficiency from STE to Er3+ is boosted from 8% to 33% through Sb3+ doping in Cs2NaLu0.95Er0.05Cl6. Due to the strong electron‐phonon coupling and efficient energy transfer, the as‐prepared crystals exhibit intense dual‐band emissions and remarkable thermal stability. Importantly, the STE emission variation after the Er3+‐substitution is explored based on the electron‐phonon coupling effect. These findings provide new insights into the excited state dynamics of halide double perovskites and extend their luminescence applications such as white light‐emitting diodes and night vision.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Three‐Component Carbofunctionalization of Styrenes with Diacyl Peroxides and Nucleophiles
Authors: Li Shuang‐Long , Wang Ren , Chen Jiajie , Zhang Hao , Hou Gao‐Kai , Lu Xin , Sun Qing , Li Yang
Published: December 2022

A Lewis acid catalyzed carbofunctionalization of styrenes with diacyl peroxides and nucleophiles, including amines, indoles, trimethoxybenzenes, and carboxylic acid, has been accomplished. A wide range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl diacyl peroxides generated from inexpensive aliphatic acids serve as both simple alkylating reagents and internal oxidants for the synthesis of value‐added amines, indoles, 1,1‐diarylalkanes, and esters in moderate to good yields. This protocol features site selectivity, broad substrate scope, and mild reaction conditions.

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Stabling Zinc Metal Anode with Polydopamine Regulation through Dual Effects of Fast Desolvation and Ion Confinement
Authors: Wang Tingting , Wang Pinji , Pan Liang , He Zhangxing , Dai Lei , Wang Ling , Liu Shude , Jun Seong Chan , Lu Bingan , Liang Shuquan , Zhou Jiang
Published: December 2022

Metal zinc is recognized as a promising anode candidate for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), however, dendrites and byproducts formation severe deteriorate its reversibility and practical lifespan. Herein, a polydopamine (PDA) layer, which offers the dual effects of fast desolvation and ion confinement, is constructed on the surface of a Zn anode for efficient AZIBs. The abundant polar functional groups in PDA significantly enhance interfacial contact in aqueous media, which reduces the number of water molecules reaching the zinc surface through fast desolvation, thus lowering the energy barrier for Zn2+ migration. Furthermore, the porous PDA coating controls the ion flux via the ion‐confinement effect, thereby accelerating Zn2+ kinetics on the zinc surface. Consequently, Zn@PDA exhibits significantly improved Zn2+ deposition kinetics (nucleation potential of only 32.6 mV vs 50.2 mV of bare Zn) compared with bare Zn at 2.0 mA cm−2, with a dendrite‐free surface and negligible byproduct formation. When paired with a MnO2 cathode, the Zn@PDA//MnO2 cell delivers high discharge capacity and long cycle stability without significant performance deterioration over 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. Additionally, the cell demonstrates excellent shelving‐restoring performance.
Limbic Connectivity Underlies Pain Treatment Response in Small‐Fiber Neuropathy
Authors: Chao Chi‐Chao , Hsieh Paul‐Chen , (Janice) Lin Chien‐Ho , Huang Shin‐Leh , Hsieh Sung‐Tsang , Chiang Ming‐Chang
Published: December 2022

Objective

Small‐fiber neuropathy (SFN) is characterized by neuropathic pain due to degeneration of small‐diameter nerves in the skin. Given that brain reorganization occurs following chronic neuropathic pain, this study investigated the structural and functional basis of pain‐related brain changes after skin nerve degeneration.

Methods

Diffusion‐weighted and resting‐state functional MRI data were acquired from 53 pathologically confirmed SFN patients, and the structural and functional connectivity of the pain‐related network was assessed using network‐based statistic (NBS) analysis.

Results

Compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls, the SFN patients exhibited a robust and global reduction of functional connectivity, mainly across the limbic and somatosensory systems. Furthermore, lower functional connectivity was associated with skin nerve degeneration measured by reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density and better therapeutic response to anti‐neuralgia medications, particularly for the connectivity between the insula and the limbic areas including the anterior and middle cingulate cortices. Similar to the patterns of functional connectivity changes, the structural connectivity was robustly reduced among the limbic and somatosensory areas, and the cognition‐integration areas including the inferior parietal lobule. There was shared reduction of structural and functional connectivity among the limbic, somatosensory, striatal, and cognition‐integration systems: (1) between the middle cingulate cortex and inferior parietal lobule and (2) between the thalamus and putamen. These observations indicate the structural basis underlying altered functional connectivity in SFN.

Interpretation

Our findings provide imaging evidence linking structural and functional brain dysconnectivity to sensory deafferentation caused by peripheral nerve degeneration and therapeutic responses for neuropathic pain in SFN. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:655–667
One‐Step In Situ Polymerization: A Facile Design Strategy for Block Copolymer Electrolytes
Authors: Guo Kairui , Wang Jirong , Shi Zhen , Wang Yong , Xie Xiaolin , Xue Zhigang
Published: December 2022

To optimize the rapid transport of lithium ions (Li+) inside lithium metal batteries (LMBs), block copolymer electrolytes (BCPEs) have been fabricated in situ in LMBs via a one‐step method combining reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and carboxylic acid‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). The BCPEs balanced the Li+ coordination characteristics of the polyether‐ and polyester‐based electrolytes to achieve a rapid Li+ migration in the SPEs. The carboxylic acid played a dual role since it both catalyzed the ROP and stabilized the interface. Furthermore, the in situ assembly of LMBs did effectively enable an efficient intercalation/de‐intercalation of Li+ at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The in situ assembled Li/BCPE4/LFP exhibited high‐capacity retention of 92 % after 400 cycles at 1 C. The one‐step in situ fabrication of BCPEs provides a new direction for the design of polymer electrolytes.
Redox‐Active Azulene‐based 2D Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework for Organic Memristors
Authors: Zhao Zhizheng , El‐Khouly Mohamed E. , Che Qiang , Sun Fangcheng , Zhang Bin , He Haidong , Chen Yu
Published: December 2022

As a conjugated and unsymmetric building block composed of an electron‐poor seven‐membered sp2 carbon ring and an electron‐rich five‐membered carbon ring, azulene and its derivatives have been recognized as one of the most promising building blocks for novel electronic devices due to its intrinsic redox activity. By using 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl)‐benzene and azulene‐1,3‐dicarbaldehyde as the starting materials, an azulene(Azu)‐based 2D conjugated covalent organic framework, COF‐Azu, is prepared through liquid‐liquid interface polymerization strategy for the first time. The as‐fabricated Al/COF‐Azu/indium tin oxide (ITO) memristor shows typical non‐volatile resistive switching performance due to the electric filed induced intramolecular charge transfer effect. Associated with the unique memristive performance, a simple convolutional neural network is built for image recognition. After 8 epochs of training, image recognition accuracy of 80 % for a neutral network trained on a larger data set is achieved.
One‐pot synthesis of 1,3‐disubstituted imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of primary alcohols promoted by binuclear ruthenium(II) N^O‐chelating complexes
Authors: Monika Sankar , Ramesh Rengan
Published: December 2022

A simple, straightforward and atom economic strategy to the synthesis of 1,3‐disubstituted imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines using binuclear ruthenium(II) catalyst through acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of primary alcohols with 2‐benzoylpyridine has been presented. New binuclear arene Ru(II) N^O chelating complexes of common formula [(η6‐benzene)2Ru2Cl2(μ‐L)], L = bis (furoylhydrazone) derivatives (1–3) were synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectral (FT‐IR, NMR and HR‐MS) techniques. The solid‐state molecular structure of one of the complexes (complex 1) has been authorized by single‐crystal XRD method. Further, a wide range of 1,3‐disubstituted imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine derivatives have been successfully attained in good to excellent yields using binuclear arene Ru(II) catalysts with 1.0 mol% of catalyst loading. Further, control experiments unveil that the dehydrogenative coupling reaction mechanism proceeds via the formation of aldehyde and imine intermediates. The overall catalytic system releases H2 and water as only valuable by‐products.
Interactions Between Genetic Risk and Diet Influencing Risk of Incident Female Gout: Discovery and Replication Analysis of Four Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Lin Kehuan , McCormick Natalie , Yokose Chio , Joshi Amit D. , Lu Na , Curhan Gary C. , Merriman Tony R. , Saag Kenneth G. , Ridker Paul M. , Buring Julie E. , Chasman Daniel I. , Hu Frank B. , Choi Hyon K.
Published: December 2022

Objective

To examine whether the cross‐sectional gene–diet interaction for prevalent hyperuricemia among women translates prospectively to risk of incident female gout.

Methods

We analyzed the interaction between genetic predisposition and adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (i.e., Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH] score) on risk of incident female gout in 18,244 women from Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; discovery) and 136,786 women from 3 additional prospective female cohorts from the US and UK (replication). Genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated from 114 urate‐associated loci.

Results

In the NHS and replication cohorts, association between diet and gout risk was larger and stronger among women with higher genetic risk. In all cohorts combined, compared to women with an unhealthy DASH score (less than the mean score), multivariable relative risk (RR) for incident gout among women with a healthy DASH score (greater than/equal to the mean score) was 0.67 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.60–0.76) among higher GRS (greater than/equal to the mean score) and 0.91 (0.78–1.05) among lower GRS (P for multiplicative interaction = 0.001); multivariable RR for higher versus lower GRS was 2.03 (95% CI 1.80–2.29) and 1.50 (95% CI 1.31–1.71) among unhealthy and healthy DASH score groups, respectively. Additive interaction was also significant, in both the discovery and replication cohorts (P < 0.001), with 51% of the excess risk attributable to the additive gene–diet interaction in all cohorts combined.

Conclusion

The deleterious effect of genetic predisposition on risk of incident female gout was more pronounced among women with unhealthy diets, with nearly half the excess risk attributable to this gene–diet interaction. These data elucidate the important synergy of genetics and diet for female gout development.

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Corroded iron stent increases fibrin deposition and promotes endothelialization after stenting
Authors: Deng Yalan , Wen Yanbin , Yin Jun , Huang Jiabing , Zhang Rongsen , Zhang Gui , Qiu Dongxu
Published: December 2022

Poststent restenosis is caused by insufficient endothelialization and is one of the most serious clinical complications of stenting. We observed a rapid endothelialization rate and increased fibrin deposition on the surfaces of the corroded iron stents. Thus, we hypothesized that corroded iron stents would promote endothelialization by increasing fibrin deposition on rough surfaces. To verify this hypothesis, we conducted an arteriovenous shunt experiment to analyze fibrin deposition in the corroded iron stents. We implanted a corroded iron stent in both the carotid and iliac artery bifurcations to elucidate the effects of fibrin deposition on endothelialization. Co‐culture experiments were conducted under dynamic flow conditions to explore the relationship between fibrin deposition and rapid endothelialization. Our findings indicate that, from the generation of corrosion pits, the surface of the corroded iron stent was rough, and numerous fibrils were deposited in the corroded iron stent. Fibrin deposition in corroded iron stents facilitates endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation, which, in turn, promotes endothelialization after stenting. Our study is the first to elucidate the role of iron stent corrosion in endothelialization, pointing to a new direction for preventing clinical complications caused by insufficient endothelialization.