bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thymoquinone ameliorates pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy by activating the AMPK signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Heng , Zhuo Chengui , Zu Aohan , Yuan Shuai , Zhang Han , Zhao Jianqiang , Zheng Liangrong
Published: December 2021

Prolonged pathological myocardial hypertrophy leads to end‐stage heart failure. Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive component extracted from Nigella sativa seeds, is extensively used in ethnomedicine to treat a broad spectrum of disorders. However, it remains unclear whether TQ protects the heart from pathological hypertrophy. This study was conducted to examine the potential utility of TQ for treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent either transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation, followed by TQ treatment for six consecutive weeks. In vitro experiments consisted of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) that were exposed to phenylephrine (PE) stimulation to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In this study, we observed that systemic administration of TQ preserved cardiac contractile function, and alleviated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and oxidative stress in TAC‐challenged mice. The in vitro experiments showed that TQ treatment attenuated the PE‐induced hypertrophic response in NRCMs. Mechanistical experiments showed that supplementation of TQ induced reactivation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) with concomitant inhibition of ERK 1/2, p38 and JNK1/2 MAPK cascades. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abolished the protective effects of TQ in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Altogether, our study disclosed that TQ provides protection against myocardial hypertrophy in an AMPK‐dependent manner and identified it as a promising agent for the treatment of myocardial hypertrophy.
The role of Cold‐Inducible RNA‐binding protein in respiratory diseases
Authors: Zhong Peng , Zhou Miao , Zhang Jingjing , Peng Jianye , Zeng Gaofeng , Huang He
Published: December 2021

Cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRP) is a stress‐response protein that is expressed in various types of cells and acts as an RNA chaperone, modifying the stability of its targeted mRNA. Intracellular CIRP could also be released into extracellular space and once released, extracellular CIRP (eCIRP) acts as a damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) to induce and amplify inflammation. Recent studies have found that eCIRP could promote acute lung injury (ALI) via activation of macrophages, neutrophils, pneumocytes and lung vascular endothelial cells in context of sepsis, haemorrhagic shock, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and severe acute pancreatitis. In addition, CIRP is also highly expressed in the bronchial epithelial cells and its expression is upregulated in the bronchial epithelial cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and rat models with chronic bronchitis. CIRP is a key contributing factor in the cold‐induced exacerbation of COPD by promoting the expression of inflammatory genes and hypersecretion of airway mucus in the bronchial epithelial cells. Besides, CIRP is also involved in regulating pulmonary fibrosis, as eCIRP could directly activate and induce an inflammatory phenotype in pulmonary fibroblast. This review summarizes the findings of CIRP investigation in respiratory diseases and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
A randomized controlled trial evaluating hyaluronic acid gel as wound healing agent in alveolar ridge preservation
Authors: Eeckhout Celien , Ackerman Julie , Glibert Maarten , Cosyn Jan
Published: December 2021

Aim

To compare the results of administration of hyaluronic acid (HA) gel to no gel administration following alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in terms of changes in wound dimensions over time.

Materials and Methods

Systemically healthy patients scheduled for ARP at one or two sites in the incisor, cuspid, or premolar area with at least one neighbouring tooth and >50% buccal bone present following extraction were included. ARP consisted of socket grafting with collagen‐enriched, deproteinized bovine bone mineral and socket sealing by means of a collagen matrix. Following surgical therapy, sites were randomly allocated to the control group (no gel application) or the test group (0.8% HA gel applied onto the collagen matrix three times per day for 7 days). Bucco‐lingual and mesio‐distal wound dimensions were registered at T0 (immediately post operation), T1 (1 week), and T2 (3 weeks). Patient‐reported outcomes, clinical outcomes, and hard and soft tissue changes were recorded up to 4 months (T3).

Results

In the control group, 20 patients (7 males, 13 females; mean age 53.30) with 23 sites, and in the test group 18 patients (9 males, 9 females; mean age 52.56) with 23 sites, were included. There were no significant differences between the groups in the changes in wound dimensions from T0 to T2 (bucco‐lingual aspect:p = .340; mesio‐distal aspect:p = .883). Three sites (13%) in the control group and six (26%) in the test group demonstrated complete wound resolution at T2 (p = .259). HA failed to show any effect on the number of analgesics taken (p = .175), patient‐reported outcomes (p ≥ .263), alveolitis (p = .136), socket healing (p ≥ .424), soft tissue changes (p ≥ .064), or mucosal scarring (p = .548). However, significantly more horizontal bone loss at the coronal aspect was found in the test group (p ≤ .025).

Conclusion

HA failed to promote wound resolution on a collagen matrix.

This study was registered inClinicalTrials.gov(NCT04467736).
Poor diet quality evaluated with the China Healthy Diet Index in Chinese tuberculosis patients
Authors: Ji Fangfei , Yang Yuexin , Xu Lei , Cai Jing , Ni Mingde , Wang Qiuzhen , Zhao Shanliang , Ma Aiguo
Published: December 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the diet quality of tuberculosis patients and healthy adults by using the China Healthy Diet Index (CHDI) and to provide guidance for the diet of tuberculosis patients in the future.

Methods

A case–control study of 1241 patients and 1241 healthy individuals matchedfor sex and age. The CHDI was used to score the overall diet quality of patients in the casegroup and the control group.

Results

The CHDI score of tuberculosis patients was 61.61 and that of healthy controls was 63.97. After adjustment for confounders, participants with >80 on CHDI were 73.5% less likely to develop tuberculosis than participants with <51 (OR: 0.265, 95% CI: 0.086, 0.813, p < 0.05). In the original model, the CHDI scores in the highest range were inversely associated with tuberculosis risk compared with the lowest range (OR: 0.687, 95% CI: 0.420,1.122, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the CHDI score was significantly associated with a reduced risk of tuberculosis (OR: 0.265, 95% CI: 0.086, 0.813, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, a high‐quality diet was positively correlated with anti‐tuberculosis treatment outcomes (OR:0.957, 95% CI: 0.918,0.998, p = 0.039).

Conclusion

Compared with healthy adults, tuberculosis patients have poor diet quality with unreasonable diet structure. The insufficient intake of whole grains, vegetables, beans, aquatic products, meat and eggs and the excessive intake of pure energy food and solid fat suggests that the dietary structure of tuberculosis patients was unreasonable. This study provides an idea of the diet structure of tuberculosis patients.
A core ontology for modeling life cycle sustainability assessment on the Semantic Web
Authors: Ghose Agneta , Lissandrini Matteo , Hansen Emil Riis , Weidema Bo Pedersen
Published: December 2021

The use of Semantic Web and linked data increases the possibility of data accessibility, interpretability, and interoperability. It supports cross‐domain data and knowledge sharing and avoids the creation of research data silos. Widely adopted in several research domains, the use of the Semantic Web has been relatively limited with respect to sustainability assessments. A primary barrier is that the framework of the principles and technologies required to link and query data from the Semantic Web is often beyond the scope of industrial ecologists. Linking of a dataset to Semantic Web requires the development of a semantically linked core ontology in addition to the use of existing ontologies. Ontologies provide logical meaning to the data and the possibility to develop machine‐readable data format. To enable and support the uptake of semantic ontologies, we present a core ontology developed specifically to capture the data relevant for life cycle sustainability assessment. We further demonstrate the utility of the ontology by using it to integrate data relevant to sustainability assessments, such as EXIOBASE and the Yale Stocks and Flow Database to the Semantic Web. These datasets can be accessed by the machine‐readable endpoint using SPARQL, a semantic query language. The present work provides the foundation necessary to enhance the use of Semantic Web with respect to sustainability assessments. Finally, we provide our perspective on the challenges toward the adoption of Semantic Web technologies and technical solutions that can address these challenges.
Paradoxical Leadership, Subjective Ambivalence, and Employee Creativity: Effects of Employee Holistic Thinking
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Ying , Law Kenneth S. , Zhou Jing
Published: December 2021

Drawing from meaning maintenance theory, the authors posit that paradoxical leader behaviour causes some employees to feel subjectively ambivalent, depending on holistic thinking styles. Employees who feel ambivalent will then show greater creativity as they search for ways to alleviate discomfort, again depending on thinking styles. Two field studies, one using cross‐sectional and one using panel data, confirm the hypotheses. For low (high) holistic thinkers, paradoxical leadership is more (less) positively associated with subjective ambivalence, and ambivalence is more (less) positively associated with creativity. The results offer theoretical and practical implications that holistic thinking determines whether paradoxical leadership evokes subjective ambivalence and subsequent creativity.
Positive Racial Identity of Black Brazilian and Colombian Adolescents Amidst Systems of Educational Oppression
Authors: Harris Keshia L.
Published: December 2021

Contrary to popular discourse on racial harmony in Latin America, research links educational inequality to physical appearance, particularly in countries with national ideologies emphasizing multiculturalism, such as Brazil and Colombia (Marteleto et al., Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 2012, 30, 352; Telles, Pigmentocracies: Ethnicity, Race, and Color in Latin America, 2014, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC). This study used PVEST to explore how social processes influence adolescent self‐identities and perceptions of educational access. Mixed methods research conducted among 737 high school seniors in Salvador, Brazil and Cartagena, Colombia, revealed that socioeconomic status significantly related to race and skin tone, and Black and darker skinned Brazilian participants reported the highest rates of perceived discrimination; however, perceptions of socioeconomic mobility varied by the type of school students attended (i.e., public vs. private) rather than by their race or skin tone.
Caregivers' perspectives on the contextual influences within family management for ethnically diverse children with ADHD
Authors: Paidipati Cynthia P. , Deatrick Janet A. , Eiraldi Ricardo B. , Ulrich Connie M. , Lane Jamil M. , Brawner Bridgette M.
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting over 9% of children in the United States. Family caregivers are often responsible for the management of their child's ADHD. Contextual influences, such as healthcare providers, systems, and resources, are factors contributing to the ease or difficulty of family management. The purpose of this article is to qualitatively describe the major contextual influences that impact family management for ethnically diverse children with ADHD.

Design And Methods

This analysis is part of a mixed methods study using a concurrent nested design (QUAL + quant) to understand the phenomenon of family management from a contextual and socioecological perspective. In this analysis, cross‐sectional data from caregivers of children with ADHD (N = 50) within a large northeastern city in the United States were collected, analyzed, and interpreted in the qualitative descriptive tradition. Semistructured interviews were conducted with participants to understand the contextual influences within family management. Conventional content analysis resulted in the emergence of barrier and facilitator domains and subdomains.

Results

Caregivers were predominantly female (98%) and between 24 and 61 years with a mean age of 37.54 (SD = 1.18). Caregivers identified their children as Black or African American (56%), White (26%), Multi‐Racial (16%), Hispanic or Latinx (8%), and Asian (2%). Contextual influences within family management emerged as barrier or facilitator domains. Barrier domains included: (1) family, (2) healthcare systems, (3) educational systems, (4) stigma, and (5) financial, insurance, and policy issues. Facilitator domains included: (1) family and community, (2) healthcare providers, and (3) educational providers. Subdomains within each domain are expanded in the article.

Practice Implications

Specialists in pediatric nursing should consider contextual influences within family management for ethnically diverse children with ADHD. As healthcare providers, it is important to recognize system‐level barriers or facilitators for caregivers and their children and find creative ways to overcome obstacles and leverage strengths within families, communities, and care systems. Another important area for pediatric specialists to consider is understanding how stigma impacts children with ADHD. Policy‐level engagement and advocacy should maximize the political will of nurses, families, and educators to create change within communities.
BldD‐based bimolecular fluorescence complementation for in vivo detection of the second messenger cyclic di‐GMP
Authors: Halte Manuel , Wörmann Mirka E. , Bogisch Maxim , Erhardt Marc , Tschowri Natalia
Published: December 2021

The widespread bacterial second messenger bis‐(3′‐5′)‐cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP) is an important regulator of biofilm formation, virulence and cell differentiation. C‐di‐GMP‐specific biosensors that allow detection and visualization of c‐di‐GMP levels in living cells are key to our understanding of how c‐di‐GMP fluctuations drive cellular responses. Here, we describe a novel c‐di‐GMP biosensor, CensYBL, that is based on c‐di‐GMP‐induced dimerization of the effector protein BldD from Streptomyces resulting in bimolecular fluorescence complementation of split‐YPet fusion proteins. As a proof‐of‐principle, we demonstrate that CensYBL is functional in detecting fluctuations in intracellular c‐di‐GMP levels in the Gram‐negative model bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Using deletion mutants of c‐di‐GMP diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases, we show that c‐di‐GMP dependent dimerization of CBldD‐YPet results in fluorescence complementation reflecting intracellular c‐di‐GMP levels. Overall, we demonstrate that the CensYBL biosensor is a user‐friendly and versatile tool that allows to investigate c‐di‐GMP variations using single‐cell and population‐wide experimental set‐ups.
Onset of oral lichen planus following dental treatments: A nested case–control study
Authors: Ma Kevin Sheng‐Kai , Thota Eshwar , Huang Jing‐Yang , Huang Yu‐Feng , Wei James Cheng‐Chung
Published: December 2021

Introduction

The exposure to amalgam restorations has been reported to bring about altered immunity followed by inflammation and infection.

Aims

This study aimed at identifying whether patients who received restorative or endodontic treatments, or tooth extraction, would have altered odds of developing oral lichen planus (OLP).

Material and methods

In this population‐based nested case–control study, 421 cases of OLP and 1,684 controls were included after propensity score matching. Logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of OLP in individuals who had received amalgam and composite resin restorations, root canal therapy, and tooth extraction over a follow‐up duration of five years.

Results

There were no significantly different odds of OLP for those who underwent either amalgam (aOR = 0.948, 95% CI = 0.853–1.053, p = 0.3170) or resin restorations (aOR = 1.007, 95% CI = 0.978–1.037, p = 0.6557) in both anterior and posterior teeth in an observational period of five  years after restorations. Root canal therapy was associated with significantly lower odds of OLP, with each additional root canal therapy attenuating the risk of OLP at an aOR of 0.771 (95% CI = 0.680–0.874, p = 0.0001) for both anterior (aOR = 0.786, 95% CI = 0.626–0.986, p = 0.0372) and posterior teeth (aOR = 0.762, 95% CI = 0.650–0.893, p = 0.0008). Likewise, each tooth extraction reduced the risk of OLP, with an aOR of 0.846 (95% CI = 0.772–0.927, p = 0.0003), especially for anterior teeth (aOR = 0.733, 95% CI = 0.595–0.904, p = 0.0037).

Conclusions

We reported no significant association between dental restorations and consequent OLP, and significantly lower odds of OLP following both root canal therapy and tooth extraction.
Treatment of papillomatous lesions in a patient with Goltz syndrome—A case report
Authors: Silva Amanda Meira Fernandez , Siqueira Giovanna Mourão , Cavalcante Marina Bertolucci Coimbra , Fonseca Mônatha Távora , Arantes Diego Antônio Costa , Costa Nádia do Lago , Goulart Douglas Rangel
Published: December 2021

Background

Goltz syndrome, also known as focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH), is a rare genetic disorder that affects ectodermal and mesodermal tissues. The purpose of this study is to report the treatment of papillomatous lesions in the orofacial region of a patient with Goltz syndrome.

Case description

A 31‐year‐old male patient was attended at Dental School of Federal University of Goiás with the chief complaint of discomfort during speaking and eating, due to the presence of a papillomatous lesion at the labial commissure. During the physical examination, syndrome characteristics were found, such as unilateral anophthalmia; atrophic cutaneous lesions of different intensities of pigmentation, mostly on the arms and neck; sparse hair; ectrodactyly, being the right hand was shaped like a ‘lobster claw’; and body asymmetry. In addition, papillomatous lesions at the right labial commissure and on the dorsum of the tongue were noted, which were subsequently removed with surgical laser. The microscopic diagnosis of the lesions was a squamous papilloma.

Conclusion

The proposed surgical treatment was well succeeded, and the rarity of the present case also having Goltz syndrome is an uncommon condition in males.
A novel approach to operating room readiness for airborne precautions using simulation‐based clinical systems testing
Authors: Kennedy Chris , Doyle Nichole M. , Pedigo Rachael , Toy Serkan , Stoner Alyssa
Published: December 2021

Background

The emergence of the COVID‐19 disease as a global pandemic caused major challenges and strained busy operating room environments. This required institutions to rethink current system functioning and urgently develop safe medical practices and protocols.

Purpose

To use a novel approach combining simulation‐based clinical system testing with rapid cycle deliberate practice concepts for identifying latent safety threats presented by newly developed operating room COVID‐19 protocols and collecting frontline staff recommendations for mitigation.

Methods

This study design combined a training/education approach with probing the systems function. The primary outcomes were the number of latent safety threats and staff evaluations of this approach for feasibility and utility on immediate and four‐month post surveys. Participants started the simulation which took place in the operating room, in the assistant role before graduating to the primary airway manager. Simulation staff members observed the simulations and noted whether elements in the protocols/checklists were followed and whether latent safety threats were present using an observation form. Solutions to latent safety threats were sought during the debriefing period.

Results

This approach identified 17 latent safety threats not foreseen during the planning stages and allowed for corrections to the protocols prior to impacting patient outcomes. Post‐simulation surveys indicated that the program was well received and all who responded agreed that it was worth the time it took. Fifty‐seven percent of respondents to four‐month follow‐up survey reported using the work products to care for an actual COVID‐19 patient.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated a flexible methodology that effectively integrated simulation‐based training and systems tests to train staff and detect latent safety threats in the new workflows and provide recommendations for mitigation. While COVID was the specific prompt, this approach can be applicable in diverse clinical settings for training medical staff, testing system function, and mitigating potential latent safety threats.
How did the COVID‐19 pandemic affect older adults? Investigation in terms of disability, state–trait anxiety and life satisfaction: Samsun, Turkey example
Authors: Özpınar Saliha , Bayçelebi Saadettin , Demir Yaşar , Yazıcıoğlu Bahadır
Published: December 2021

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has adversely affected the physical and mental health of individuals. The elderly are a special group that is affected by this condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on older adults in terms of disability, state–trait anxiety and life satisfaction.

Methods

The population of this cross‐sectional study consisted of individuals aged 65 and over who presented to a family health centre in Samsun a province of Turkey on the Black Sea coast (N = 3950). The study data were collected with the following five forms: Personal Information Form, Quality of Life Questionnaire, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Brief Disability Questionnaire and Life Satisfaction Scale. In the analysis of the study data, descriptive statistics, Student's t‐test, paired t‐test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 70.88 ± 4.818 years. There was a significant difference between the participants' pre‐ and post‐pandemic health status and quality of life levels. In the study, a significant relationship was determined between the scores obtained from the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Brief Disability Questionnaire and between the scores obtained from the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory and the variables such as income and marital status (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

A significant result of the study is that the older adults' perceptions of health status and quality of life were adversely affected by the pandemic. Another significant result is that disability increased the level of anxiety. The other significant result of the study is that socioeconomic status was an important determinant of anxiety.
The effect of the 2020 racial justice protests on attitudes and preferences in rural and urban America
Authors: Curtis Justin
Published: December 2021

Objective

This paper seeks to understand the impact of sustained protests for racial justice on attitudes toward racial minorities, the police, and policies that would benefit racial minorities.

Methods

Using a large, nationally representative survey collected before and after the death of George Floyd and the protest movement that followed it, I employ a propensity score matching to identify the causal impact of these protests on perceptions of discrimination against blacks, favorability of the police, racial prejudice, and support for reparations for slavery. I also identify heterogeneous effects in rural America to identify the limits of these attitude shifts.

Results

I find evidence that George Floyd's death caused an increased perception of discrimination against blacks, decreased favorability of the police, decreased racial prejudice, and increased support for reparations. I also find muted and heterogeneous effects in rural America.

Conclusion

These findings speak to the power of social protest to shift attitudes and policy preferences and to the persistent divide between urban and rural Americans.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DRB1*04:334 allele by two next‐generation sequencing methods
Authors: Walencik Alexandre , Calvo De Olmos Orane , Bonneville Francoise , Blanchet Gaelle , Cesbron‐Gautier Anne
Published: December 2021

The novel HLA‐DRB1*04:334 allele was characterized using two next‐generation sequencing technologies.
Spatially oriented convolutional neural network for spatial relation extraction from natural language texts
Authors: Qiu Qinjun , Xie Zhong , Ma Kai , Chen Zhanlong , Tao Liufeng
Published: December 2021

Spatial relation extraction (e.g., topological relations, directional relations, and distance relations) from natural language descriptions is a fundamental but challenging task in several practical applications. Current state‐of‐the‐art methods rely on rule‐based metrics, either those specifically developed for extracting spatial relations or those integrated in methods that combine multiple metrics. However, these methods all rely on developed rules and do not effectively capture the characteristics of natural language spatial relations because the descriptions may be heterogeneous and vague and may be context sparse. In this article, we present a spatially oriented piecewise convolutional neural network (SP‐CNN) that is specifically designed with these linguistic issues in mind. Our method extends a general piecewise convolutional neural network with a set of improvements designed to tackle the task of spatial relation extraction. We also propose an automated workflow for generating training datasets by integrating new sentences with those in a knowledge base, based on string similarity and semantic similarity, and then transforming the sentences into training data. We exploit a spatially oriented channel that uses prior human knowledge to automatically match words and understand the linguistic clues to spatial relations, finally leading to an extraction decision. We present both the qualitative and quantitative performance of the proposed methodology using a large dataset collected from Wikipedia. The experimental results demonstrate that the SP‐CNN, with its supervised machine learning, can significantly outperform current state‐of‐the‐art methods on constructed datasets.
KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 regulates leaf development, root system architecture and arbuscular‐mycorrhizal symbiosis in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Meng Yongjie , Varshney Kartikye , Incze Norbert , Badics Eszter , Kamran Muhammad , Davies Sabrina F. , Oppermann Larissa M. F. , Magne Kévin , Dalmais Marion , Bendahmane Abdel , Sibout Richard , Vogel John , Laudencia‐Chingcuanco Debbie , Bond Charles S. , Soós Vilmos , Gutjahr Caroline , Waters Mark T.
Published: December 2021

KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) is an α/β‐hydrolase required for plant responses to karrikins, which are abiotic butenolides that can influence seed germination and seedling growth. Although represented by four angiosperm species, loss‐of‐function kai2 mutants are phenotypically inconsistent and incompletely characterised, resulting in uncertainties about the core functions of KAI2 in plant development. Here we characterised the developmental functions of KAI2 in the grass Brachypodium distachyon using molecular, physiological and biochemical approaches. Bdkai2 mutants exhibit increased internode elongation and reduced leaf chlorophyll levels, but only a modest increase in water loss from detached leaves. Bdkai2 shows increased numbers of lateral roots and reduced root hair growth, and fails to support normal root colonisation by arbuscular‐mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The karrikins KAR1 and KAR2, and the strigolactone (SL) analogue rac‐GR24, each elicit overlapping but distinct changes to the shoot transcriptome via BdKAI2. Finally, we show that BdKAI2 exhibits a clear ligand preference for desmethyl butenolides and weak responses to methyl‐substituted SL analogues such as GR24. Our findings suggest that KAI2 has multiple roles in shoot development, root system development and transcriptional regulation in grasses. Although KAI2‐dependent AM symbiosis is likely conserved within monocots, the magnitude of the effect of KAI2 on water relations may vary across angiosperms.
Internet of Things Monitoring System of a Modeled Cleanroom
Authors: Rosli Muhammad Ilias , Ahmad Mohd Ridzuan
Published: December 2021

The development of a cleanroom monitoring system needs more concentrated consideration consistently. There is a challenge to prove that the cleanroom operates following the specifications, in other words, users do not see the software error, they see failures in execution. This paper aims to design a smart monitoring system to monitor important parameters inside the cleanroom, i.e. temperature, humidity, and pressure to produce a good quality of work or experiment inside the cleanroom. The observing framework utilizes Arduino Mega as a microcontroller, ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module, DHT 11 as an integrated temperature and humidity sensor, HX710B as a pressure sensor, and Blynk application as a monitoring system to record and show information including provide fault notification. The project is tested on a modeled cleanroom to monitor important parameters via smartphone anytime and anywhere. From the experimental results, the Cleanroom IoT Monitoring System successfully read all parameters based on the system requirements and displays data of parameters in real-time and stored historical data. This system is also successful to provide failures notification of humidity, temperature, and pressure in real-time if any of the parameters are out of range from the system requirements. Lastly, users can monitor the condition of the cleanroom anytime and anywhere including receiving real-time failures notifications. This concept can avoid or reduce cleanroom working out of the criteria that can cause testing or experiment inside the cleanroom to be inaccurate. By observing and controlling the prerequisite development for IoT monitoring systems, great nature and better quality of performance of operational cleanrooms can be delivered.
A Survey on Internet of Vehicle (IoV): A pplications & Comparison of VANETs, IoV and SDN-IoV
Authors: Hakimi Arif , Mohamad Yusof Kamaludin , Azizan Muhammad Afizi , Azman Muhamad Azam Asri , Hussain Shaik Mazhar
Published: December 2021

The swift evolution of communication network technologies brings the smart connected objects into existence. The objects or things are connected and able to communicate with each other through Internet of Things (IoT). Internet of Vehicle (IoV) are the subset of the IoT technologies that has been implemented to the vehicle. IoV is the evolution of traditional Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) bringing new technologies to the smart connected vehicles. IoV network communication is purposedly to serve a real time data exchanged on roads between the vehicles and roads, vehicles and vehicles, vehicle and sensors, and vehicles and everything through different network technologies. There are significant differences between IoV, SDN-IoV and VANETs in term of network architecture, features, and applications that available. IoV and IoV-SDN is using different network framework giving different flexibility and scalability. In term of features and applications, IoV and IoV-SDN are having more wider and broad wireless connection technology in contrast with VANETs. In this survey paper, the survey will focus on the introduction to SDN, and differences of application and features in IoV, SDN-IoV and VANETs.
Does breathing pattern affect cerebrovascular reactivity?
Authors: Sayin Ece Su , Davidian Anahis , Levine Harrison , Venkatraghavan Lashmi , Mikulis David J. , Fisher Joseph A. , Sobczyk Olivia , Duffin James
Published: December 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Is cerebrovascular reactivity affected by isocapnic changes in breathing pattern?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Cerebrovascular reactivity does not change with isocapnic variations in tidal volume and frequency.

Deviations of arterial carbon dioxide tension from resting values affect cerebral blood vessel tone and thereby cerebral blood flow. Arterial carbon dioxide tension also affects central respiratory chemoreceptors, adjusting respiratory drive. This coincidence raises the question: does respiratory drive also affect the cerebral blood flow response to carbon dioxide? A change in cerebral blood flow for a given change in the arterial carbon dioxide tension is defined as cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Two studies have reached conflicting conclusions on this question, using voluntary control of breathing as a disturbing factor during measurements of CVR. Here, we address some of the methodological limitations of both studies by using sequential gas delivery and targeted control of carbon dioxide and oxygen to enable a separation of the effects of carbon dioxide on CVR from breathing vigour. We confirm that there is no detectable superimposed effect of breathing efforts on CVR.
Relationship between blood superoxide dismutase activity and zinc, copper, glutathione and metallothioneines concentrations in calves
Authors: Safonov Vladimir , Ermakov Vadim , Danilova Valentina , Yakimenko Vyacheslav
Published: December 2021

RedOx processes determine the resistance of the organism to pollutants. The aim of the study was to establish a possible relationship between copper and zinc concentration in the blood of calves and the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase. The study was conducted in 2019 on 50 calves with a weight of 201-250 kg. The samples of venous blood were taken to estimate the level of hemoglobin, glutathione, metallothioneins, as well as zinc, copper, and superoxide dismutase activity. The obtained average values of these substances concentration were compared between each other. A positive correlation between the activity of superoxide dismutase and the concentration of zinc (r = 0.64) and copper (r = 0.87) in the blood of calves has been established. It may be because both metals are obligatory components of superoxide dismutase. There is also a positive relationship between the levels of copper and zinc (r = 0.68). For the other parameters, no reliable relationship was found. The data obtained indicate a positive relationship between the activity of superoxide dismutase and metal concentrations of copper and zinc in the blood of calves. At the same time, a more significant positive relationship is established for copper.
Acoustoelasticity in transversely isotropic soft tissues: Quantification of muscle nonlinear elasticity
Authors: Bied Marion , Gennisson Jean-Luc
Published: December 2021

Recent developments in the field of elastography aim at developing the quantification of new mechanical properties of tissues, that are complementary to the shear modulus, which is characteristic of the linear elastic properties of a quasi-incompressible medium. In this context, measurement of the elastic nonlinearity of tissues was recently proposed based on acoustoelasticity. Up to now, most of the experimental applications of acoustoelasticity theory using Landau formalism in human tissues have assumed isotropy. However, this strong hypothesis does not hold in all human tissues, such as muscles that are generally considered as transversely isotropic (TI). In this work, after reviewing the constraints imposed by TI symmetry on the linear and nonlinear elastic properties of TI media, the acoustoelasticity theory in TI incompressible media is developed and implemented experimentally on a TI polyvinyl alcohol phantom and on ex vivo muscular tissues. Based on this theory and on the evolutions of the shear wave speed, with respect to uniaxial static stress, the nonlinear elastic parameter A is experimentally quantified. The estimations of A in ex vivo bovine and porcine muscles are on the order of hundreds of kPa. This work paves the way for more thorough muscle mechanical properties characterization as well as for the development of a potential new biomarker.
Effect of connected and autonomous vehicles on traffic flow at a bidirectional road
Authors: Echab H. , Khallouk A. , Ez-Zahraouy H.
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) on traffic flow under various parameters. For this purpose, we propose a mixed CAV and conventional vehicle (CV) model to investigate a bidirectional two-lane traffic flow under the periodic boundary condition. The traffic flux and the phase diagrams of the system in the ([Formula: see text]) area are constructed in both cases: with and without CAVs. The overtaking frequency is also calculated. The simulation findings show that the traffic capacity is greatly enhanced with the increase in the CAV penetration ratio. Owing to the cooperative driving strategy, with the increase in penetration ratio of the CAV, the portion of smooth overtaking is boosted. Furthermore, it is found that the traffic throughput is positively correlated to the speed limit of the fast vehicle where the flux increases as [Formula: see text] increases. Also, even if there is a low rate of slow moving vehicles in the system, it will have an appreciable and a significant negative influence.
Dynamic vortex evolution of harmonically trapped coupled Bose–Einstein condensate with quintic nonlinearity
Authors: Guo Yunsong , Jiao Yubin , Liu Xiaoning , Zhu Xiangbo , Wang Ying
Published: December 2021

In this study, we investigate the evolution of vortex in harmonically trapped two-component coupled Bose–Einstein condensate with quintic-order nonlinearity. We derive the vortex solution of this two-component system based on the coupled quintic-order Gross–Pitaevskii equation model and the variational method. It is found that the evolution of vortex is a metastable state. The radius of vortex soliton shrinks and expands with time, resulting in periodic breathing oscillation, and the angular frequency of the breathing oscillation is twice the value of the harmonic trapping frequency under infinitesimal nonlinear strength. At the same time, it is also found that the higher-order nonlinear term has a quantitative effect rather than a qualitative impact on the oscillation period. With practical experimental setting, we identify the quasi-stable oscillation of the derived vortex evolution mode and illustrated its features graphically. The theoretical results developed in this work can be used to guide the experimental observation of the vortex phenomenon in ultracold coupled atomic systems with quintic-order nonlinearity.
Investigation of the polyhedral structure of Ga0.5In1.5Se3 by analytical methods
Authors: Ibragimova S. I. , Jabarov S. H. , Aliyev Y. I. , Dang N. T.
Published: December 2021

The crystal structure and atomic dynamics (vibrational properties) of the [Formula: see text] compound are studied at room temperature and under normal conditions. The monoclinic symmetry crystal structure of the P61 space group is explained by the polyhedral structure. The studies were carried out by the method of Raman spectroscopy. In the spectrum obtained in the frequency range [Formula: see text]–800 cm[Formula: see text], four main vibrational modes were observed: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text]. The analysis showed that these modes correspond to the vibration of different polyhedra. Modes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] correspond to vibrations of bipyramids, and modes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] correspond to vibrations of tetrahedra.
Populations facing a nonlinear environmental gradient: Steady states and pulsating fronts
Authors: Alfaro Matthieu , Peltier Gwenaël
Published: December 2021

We consider a population structured by a space variable and a phenotypical trait, submitted to dispersion, mutations, growth and nonlocal competition. This population is facing an environmental gradient: to survive at location [Formula: see text], an individual must have a trait close to some optimal trait [Formula: see text]. Our main focus is to understand the effect of a nonlinear environmental gradient.

We thus consider a nonlocal parabolic equation for the distribution of the population, with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. We construct steady states solutions and, when [Formula: see text] is periodic, pulsating fronts. This requires the combination of rigorous perturbation techniques based on a careful application of the implicit function theorem in rather intricate function spaces. To deal with the phenotypic trait variable [Formula: see text] we take advantage of a Hilbert basis of [Formula: see text] made of eigenfunctions of an underlying Schrödinger operator, whereas to deal with the space variable [Formula: see text] we use the Fourier series expansions.

Our mathematical analysis reveals, in particular, how both the steady states solutions and the fronts (speed and profile) are distorted by the nonlinear environmental gradient, which are important biological insights.
Ostrogradsky–Hamilton approach to geodetic brane gravity
Authors: Capovilla Riccardo , Cruz Giovany , Rojas Efraín
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we develop the Ostrogradsky–Hamilton formalism for geodetic brane gravity, described by the Regge–Teitelboim geometric model in higher codimension. We treat this gravity theory as a second-order derivative theory, based on the extrinsic geometric structure of the model. As opposed to previous treatments of geodetic brane gravity, our Lagrangian is linearly dependent on second-order time derivatives of the field variables, the embedding functions. The difference resides in a boundary term in the action, usually discarded. Certainly, this suggests applying an appropriate Ostrogradsky–Hamiltonian approach to this type of theories. The price to pay for this choice is the appearance of second-class constraints. We determine the full set of phase space constraints, as well as the gauge transformations they generate in the reduced phase space. Additionally, we compute the algebra of constraints and explain its physical content. In the same spirit, we deduce the counting of the physical degrees of freedom. We comment briefly on the naive formal canonical quantization emerging from our development.
Existence and uniqueness of global solutions to the stochastic heat equation with superlinear drift on an unbounded spatial domain
Authors: Salins Michael
Published: December 2021

We prove the existence and uniqueness of global solutions to the semilinear stochastic heat equation on an unbounded spatial domain with forcing terms that grow superlinearly and satisfy an Osgood condition [Formula: see text] along with additional restrictions. For example, consider the forcing [Formula: see text]. A new dynamic weighting procedure is introduced to control the solutions, which are unbounded in space.
Invariant measures for random expanding on average Saussol maps
Authors: Batayneh Fawwaz , González-Tokman Cecilia
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we investigate the existence of random absolutely continuous invariant measures (ACIP) for random expanding on average Saussol maps in higher dimensions. This is done by the establishment of a random Lasota–Yorke inequality for the transfer operators on the space of bounded oscillation. We prove that the number of ergodic skew product ACIPs is finite and will provide an upper bound for the number of these ergodic ACIPs. This work can be seen as a generalization of the work in [F. Batayneh and C. González-Tokman, On the number of invariant measures for random expanding maps in higher dimensions, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 41 (2021) 5887–5914] on admissible random Jabłoński maps to a more general class of higher-dimensional random maps.
Finite groups with a nilpotency condition
Authors: Khosravi Hassan
Published: December 2021

Let m and n be positive integer numbers. In this paper, we study [Formula: see text], the class of all groups G that for all subsets m and n of G containing m and n elements, respectively, there exist [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is nilpotent, which introduced by Zarrin in 2012. We improve some results of Zarrin and find some sharp bounds for m and n such that [Formula: see text] implies that G is nilpotent. Also we will characterize all finite [Formula: see text]-groups in [Formula: see text], which [Formula: see text].
Dynamic study of Weyl tensor corrected f(R) gravity
Authors: Sultan Abdul Malik , Jawad Abdul
Published: December 2021

We investigate the cosmological and thermodynamic aspects of Weyl tensor corrected [Formula: see text] gravity. For this purpose, we assume some well-known cosmological bouncing scenarios such as symmetric bounce cosmology, oscillatory cosmology, matter bounce cosmology, little rip cosmology, superbounce cosmology and develop some cosmological parameters. For instance, the equation of state parameter [Formula: see text] describes the quintessence phase for symmetric bounce cosmology, vacuum phase for oscillatory, little rip and matter bounce cosmology while it gives both quintessence and vacuum phases for matter bounce cosmology. It is also observed that the squared speed of sound [Formula: see text] gives positive behavior for all models resulting in that the models assumed are stable. We evaluate generalized second law of thermodynamics which remains valid for all cosmological models except symmetric bounce cosmology. Moreover, we also investigate the thermal equilibrium condition [Formula: see text] and found its validity for all models except symmetric bounce cosmological model.
A modified gravity model coupled to a Dirac field in 2D space–times with quadratic nonmetricity and curvature
Authors: Pala Caglar , Kok Ertan , Sert Ozcan , Adak Muzaffer
Published: December 2021

After summarizing the basic concepts for the exterior algebra, we first discuss the gauge structure of the bundle over base manifold for deciding the form of the gravitational sector of the total Lagrangian in any dimensions. Then we couple minimally a Dirac spinor field to our gravitational Lagrangian 2-form which is quadratic in the nonmetricity and both linear and quadratic in the curvature in two dimensions. Subsequently, we obtain field equations by varying the total Lagrangian with respect to the independent variables. Finally, we find some classes of solutions of the vacuum theory and then a solution of the Dirac equation in a specific background and analyze them.
A sharp estimate of the discrepancy of a concatenation sequence of inversive pseudorandom numbers with consecutive primes
Authors: Lind Martin
Published: December 2021

We consider an equidistributed concatenation sequence of pseudorandom rational numbers generated from the primes by an inversive congruential method. In particular, we determine the sharp convergence rate for the star discrepancy of said sequence. Our arguments are based on well-known discrepancy estimates for inversive congruential pseudorandom numbers together with asymptotic formulae involving prime numbers.
Simulation functions and Meir–Keeler condensing operators with application to integral equations
Authors: Gabeleh Moosa , Asadi Mehdi , Patle Pradip Ramesh
Published: December 2021

We propose a new concept of condensing operators by using a notion of measure of non-compactness in the setting of Banach spaces and establish a new generalization of Darbo’s fixed point theorem. We also show the applicability of our results to integral equations. A concrete example will be presented to support the application part.