bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Aprotinin in Pediatric Patients: A Review
Authors: McDonough Jennifer , Gruenwald Colleen
Published: August 2023

This literature review includes all reports from 1993 to 2000 concerning the use of aprotinin in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for congenital cardiac surgery. This review examined a nonhomogeneous pediatric patient population ranging from neonates to children up to 18 years of age, presenting many challenges. There have been publications advocating its use and those that have found no significant difference between the control group and those receiving aprotinin. The literature suggests that there is improvement in postoperative blood loss in pediatric patients undergoing redo cardiac surgery, but no significant difference in blood loss in those undergoing primary surgical repair. There is some evidence in the neonatal study groups that with high-dose aprotinin the inflammatory response is attenuated, leading to a reduction in inotropic support, earlier extubation, a tendency toward reduced post-operative blood loss and a reduced hospital stay. In most of the studies, the actual dose of aprotinin has varied with “highdose aprotinin” demonstrating the most significant differences. To achieve an adequate dose of aprotinin, the dose must be calculated on either the patient’s weight or their body surface area, and must include an appropriate dose in the prime of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit, to achieve a plasma concentration between 200 KIU/mL to 400 KIU/mL. The incidence of anaphylactic reactions reported in the literature range from 0.3 to 0.6%. To date, there is no evidence to indicate any contraindication related to the use of aprotinin in the pediatric population.
A Single-Center Analysis of Methylprednisolone Use during Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Dreher Molly , Glatz Andrew C. , Kennedy Andrea , Rosenthal Tami , Gaynor J. William
Published: August 2023

Cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is known to induce an inflammatory response in patients. This response may be even more pronounced in pediatric patients given their small body size compared to adults. Several interventions have been instituted in an effort to attenuate this response, including the use of corticosteroids in the pump prime. However, the clinical effectiveness and potential harmful effects of steroid use have been the source of recent debate. Therefore, our institution made the decision to evaluate the use of methylprednisolone in our CPB prime. This evaluation was performed as a formal quality improvement project at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Methylprednisolone was eliminated from the CPB prime for 6 months. At the end of this time period, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database was used to evaluate clinical outcomes of patients (n = 222). These outcomes were then compared to patients operated on during the 6 months prior to elimination of methylprednisolone (n = 303). No significant clinical benefit was identified in the group of patients who received methylprednisolone. When compared to the group who did not receive methylprednisolone, significantly more patients in the steroids group had a postoperative wound infection (p = .037) or respiratory failure requiring tracheostomy ( p = .035). No other differences in clinical outcomes were identified between the two groups. No significant differences in clinical outcomes were identified between neonates who received methylprednisolone (n = 55) and neonates who did not receive steroids (n = 58). Due to the lack of clinical benefit seen with its use, as well as its potential contribution to the incidence of wound infection, methylprednisolone continues to be excluded from the CPB prime at our institution. Methylprednisolone is still given intraoperatively at the request of the attending anesthesiologist and on bypass during orthotopic transplant procedures according to institutional protocol.
Chronic Severe Hyponatremia and Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Avoiding Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome
Authors: Canaday Susan , Rompala John , Rowles John , Fisher Josh , Holt David
Published: August 2023

Serum sodium concentration affects every cell in the body with respect to cellular tonicity. Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolyte abnormality encountered, occurring at clinical admission in 22% of elderly patients. Any rapid correction of chronic severe hyponatremia can result in rapid cellular shrinking due to loss of intracellular free water. This is commonly associated with paralysis and severe brain damage due to osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS). ODS occurs because the body has the ability to compensate for cellular fluid shifts due to chronic hyponatremia (by a decrease in brain concentration of several ions, amino acids, and organic osmolytes). Thus, the neurons are often at a functional state of fluid balance despite the sodium imbalance. The initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can introduce between 1 and 2 L of priming solution containing a normal sodium concentration creating a rapid rise in sodium concentration within the extracellular fluid. This abrupt change establishes a situation where intracellular free water can be lost resulting in cellular shrinking and ODS. In presenting this case study, we hope to add to the current literature with a specific isotonic approach to treating the chronically severe hyponatremic patient pre-CPB, during CPB, and post-CPB.
Perfusion Electronic Record Documentation Using Epic Systems Software
Authors: Steffens Thomas G. , Gunser John M. , Saviello George M.
Published: August 2023

This paper describes the design and use of Epic Systems software for documentation of perfusion activities as part of the patient electronic medical record. The University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics adapted the Anesthesia software module and developed an integrated perfusion/anesthesia record for the documentation of cardiac and non-cardiac surgical procedures. This project involved multiple committees, approvals, and training to successfully implement. This article will describe our documentation options, concepts, design, challenges, training, and implementation during our initial experience.
Multi-Targeted Antithrombotic Therapy for Total Artificial Heart Device Patients
Authors: Ramirez Angeleah , Riley Jeffrey B. , Joyce Lyle D.
Published: August 2023

To prevent thrombotic or bleeding events in patients receiving a total artificial heart (TAH), agents have been used to avoid adverse events. The purpose of this article is to outline the adoption and results of a multi-targeted antithrombotic clinical procedure guideline (CPG) for TAH patients. Based on literature review of TAH anticoagulation and multiple case series, a CPG was designed to prescribe the use of multiple pharmacological agents. Total blood loss, Thromboelastograph® (TEG), and platelet light-transmission aggregometry (LTA) measurements were conducted on 13 TAH patients during the first 2 weeks of support in our institution. Target values and actual medians for postimplant days 1, 3, 7, and 14 were calculated for kaolinheparinase TEG, kaolin TEG, LTA, and estimated blood loss. Protocol guidelines were followed and anticoagulation management reduced bleeding and prevented thrombus formation as well as thromboembolic events in TAH patients postimplantation. The patients in this study were susceptible to a variety of possible complications such as mechanical device issues, thrombotic events, infection, and bleeding. Among them all it was clear that patients were at most risk for bleeding, particularly on postoperative days 1 through 3. However, bleeding was reduced into postoperative days 3 and 7, indicating that acceptable hemostasis was achieved with the anticoagulation protocol. The multidisciplinary, multi-targeted anticoagulation clinical procedure guideline was successful to maintain adequate antithrombotic therapy for TAH patients.
La spectroscopie térahertz: électrons et vibrations
Authors: Houver Sarah , Barois Sophie Eliet , Roy Pascale , Peretti Romain
Published: August 2023

Les progrès technologiques ces dernières décennies ont fait croître de façon exponentielle l’utilisation de la spectroscopie TéraHertz. Cette gamme spectrale (1 THz = 1012 Hz) permet de sonder et caractériser les phénomènes physiques à basse énergie, où de nombreux processus élémentaires dans la matière, tels que l’interaction des électrons, des spins, des phonons et les modes de rotation moléculaire, présentent des résonances avec une dynamique (sub)-picoseconde. Cette approche trouve des applications prometteuses en physique, chimie, astronomie et médecine.
Spectroscopie haute résolution : l’apport des ions piégés refroidis par laser
Authors: Guidoni Luca , Houssin Marie , Karr Jean-Philippe
Published: August 2023

Un ion unique piégé et refroidi par laser est un système quantique isolé quasi-idéal pour des études spectroscopiques de haute précision avec de nombreuses applications en métrologie et physique fondamentale. Le confinement d’un ensemble d’ions dans des configurations contrôlées et le développement de techniques d’interrogation toujours plus sophistiquées, utilisant notamment la logique quantique, offrent de nouvelles ouvertures pour continuer cette quête à la précision ultime.
Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language with Grammar Framework as the First Priority ---Taking the Primary Chinese Teaching of Confucius Institute in Karachi University of Pakistan as an Example
Authors: Hanxiao Zhang , Zi Yu
Published: August 2023

As one of the three elements of language, the study of grammar plays an important role in the field of linguistics and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. In the process of overseas teaching, the problem that Chinese learners think grammar is very difficult to learn, some teachers ignore grammar teaching or lack of effective teaching methods. Based on the practical problem, the authors try to explore a concise and clear Chinese grammar framework to help students build a knowledge structure that is easier to recognize and memorize, and improve the teaching quality of teachers of Chinese as a foreign language. This paper mainly tries to find out the principles of establishing the grammatical framework through the definition and research of the grammatical framework, and introduces the regularity, systematization and inspiration of scientific thinking into teaching, so as to open up a new way of thinking for Chinese grammar teaching. Using chart data analysis, understand students’ background, learning difficulties and reasons. Through the comparison of teaching effects between the experimental group and the control group, it is found that students have a deeper understanding and improvement of Chinese cognition and learning after the construction of the grammar framework. However, how to construct a Chinese grammar framework that is more conducive to teachers and students should be created and developed in the long-term exploration and practice.
A Study on the Implementation of Teaching Mathematical Modeling Classes Based on Mathematical Learning Objectives
Authors: Wang Lijie , Shi Mingyu
Published: August 2023

Mathematical modeling literacy is one of the six core literacies in high school mathematics and occupies an important place in the objectives of the high school mathematics curriculum. “The core element of mathematical modeling literacy is to abstract mathematically from real problems, express them in mathematical language, and construct models to solve them with mathematical methods. The STEAM education concept has received much attention in the education field because of its effective integration of “science, technology, engineering, art and mathematics” in the practice of education and teaching, which not only makes up for the shortage of traditional teaching in knowledge inquiry, but also helps to improve the problems of traditional classrooms. This paper explores the development of mathematical modeling literacy in high school by drawing on the STEAM education concept, and examines the effectiveness of the integration of the two through specific teaching cases.
Research on the Development Strategy of International Cooperation in Running Higher Vocational Colleges ----Taking the Sino-German Cooperation in Running Schools in the Area of Vocational Education as an Example
Authors: Zhang Yanfang , Zhang Xuezhou , Chang Lin
Published: August 2023

With the continuous development of economic globalization, the trend of strengthening international exchanges and cooperation and introducing high-quality international education resources is becoming more and more obvious. Exploring a reasonable mode of international cooperation in running higher vocational colleges is not only conducive to promoting the development of higher vocational colleges, but also conducive to enhancing the international competitiveness of China’s higher education.
Exploring the Characteristics of PBL Teaching Mode Analysis in Primary Education in China
Authors: Mei Ziyan , Wang An
Published: August 2023

To adapt to the diversification of current education development, PBL education has important development significance at all stages. Among them, primary education is the essential stage for developing learning skills. Compared to traditional teaching, the PBL model allows students to develop cooperative learning and independent thinking mode. By analyzing the characteristics of the PBL teaching mode, this paper concludes that the PBL improving teachers’ enthusiasm in the primary education stage. Moreover, the PBL mode in China’s primary education stage also needs to overcome some problems to better integrate into the teaching classroom and cultivate more students with more learning abilities and comprehensive problem-solving abilities. This article will provide some inspiration for the development of PBL teaching mode in the future.
Research and Practice on the Construction of Laser Intelligent Equipment Teaching Base Built by School and Enterprise
Authors: Zhou Lili , Lee TienTien , Xing Mingming , Qiao Liang
Published: August 2023

Laser technology is a highly advanced field. It requires a certain level of theoretical knowledge and practical skills to be applied to practice. Therefore, the research on the construction of a laser intelligent equipment teaching base (LIETB) jointly built by schools and enterprises will be studied. First, the necessity of constructing a LIETB from three aspects is given such as the characteristics of the LIETB, the importance of constructing the LIETB, and the significance of the school-enterprise joint construction model for the teaching base. Secondly, a practical plan for the construction of a LIETB is proposed. Finally, the evaluation methods and indicators for the practical effects of the school-enterprise joint construction of the LIETB are improved from two aspects, such as teaching effectiveness and employment situation evaluation methods. This study is of great significance for improving students’ practical environment and skill training, further enhancing the quality and quantity of laser intelligent equipment(LIE) application talents, promoting industry-university-research cooperation, and promoting the development of related industries.
Exploration on the Application of BOPPPS Teaching Mode in the Course Design of Mechanical Drawing
Authors: Zhou Ling , Li Ran , Wu Chunyan , Cao Ke
Published: August 2023

This article takes the knowledge module of part sketch surveying in Mechanical Drawing as an example to explore the BOPPPS teaching mode and the “cloud on screen” remote learning application that combines MOOC, virtual technology, and smart classroom. Based on the six teaching links in the BOPPPS teaching mode, the case implementation process is analyzed and summarized. Practice has shown that in the project-based teaching process, the use of a new teaching mode that combines the BOPPPS teaching mode and information based teaching methods can effectively improve the remote teaching level of teachers and the remote learning effect of students.
Maternal Psychological Control and Self-esteem in Middle School Students: The Mediating Effect of Academic Efficacy
Authors: Kao Tsai Feng , Du Yi Zhan , Yang Lian , Shen Yu Cheng , Qiu Hui
Published: August 2023

Using questionnaire survey, the psychological control scale, academic efficacy scale, and self-esteem scale of 774 students in Zhangzhou, Fujian, Qingdao, Shandong. Results found a significant negative correlation with self-esteem and perceived maternal psychological control with academic efficacy;There was a significant positive correlation between academic efficacy and self-esteem Academic efficacy plays a partially mediating role between perceived maternal psychological control and self-esteem.
A Study on the Coupling of Cinematic Emotional Narratives and Social Psychology: Makoto Shinkai’s Animated Film Suzume
Authors: Meng Haohan , Xu Qingxia , Sun Jinhua
Published: August 2023

The examination of the interaction between cinema and its audience represents a significant area of inquiry in contemporary film theory. In recent years, there has been a shift from a “creator-centered” to an “audience-centered” approach to film narrative. Makoto Shinkai’s Suzume is a notable addition to his “Disaster Trilogy,” acclaimed for its ability to engender emotional experiences within its viewers. The film’s narrative mechanisms, meaning construction, and narrative strategies are pivotal aspects that highlight the relationship between emotional storytelling and cinema. By exploring the coupling between the narrative mechanisms and the audience’s “social psychology”, this study aims to offer insights into how cinema can inspire emotional identity, thus providing a fresh perspective on improving the emotional storytelling efficiency of domestic animated films and enhancing the efficacy of international communication. The findings of this study have the potential to enrich our understanding of the complex ways in which cinema can connect with its audience, whilst also advancing our comprehension of how emotional narratives can be harnessed to enhance the effectiveness of visual storytelling.
Exploring the Problems of Applying Intelligent Media in Chinese Journalism Based on the Perspective of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Yu Ma
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of science and technology, artificial intelligence has gradually entered the field of people’s lives, and human society has entered the era of intelligence. Among them, the application of artificial intelligence in the field of news communication is also becoming more and more extensive. Intelligent media technology can help news media acquire information, analyze data, generate content, and improve the efficiency and quality of news dissemination more quickly and accurately. Traditional news gathering requires manual browsing of a large number of information sources to filter out valuable information. Artificial intelligence technology can quickly extract useful content from a large amount of information through natural language processing, machine learning, and other technologies, providing more comprehensive and accurate information to the news media. At the same time, the emergence of artificial intelligence also brings some disadvantages to the news industry, for example, machine news writing is limited by technical rules, which affects the existence of its limitations. This paper will therefore discuss three aspects of the changes brought about by AI in the media industry - the structure of communication, communication technology, and communication philosophy - as well as the ethical and legal issues involved in AI in the media industry. Firstly, the researcher aims to understand the problems in the application of AI in the field of journalism and communication. Secondly, the research theory used in this article is the diffusion of innovation theory. Developed by Rogers in the 1960s, this theory states that some people will be more open-minded and more willing to accept innovations than others when it comes to innovation. Again, the research method used in this article is a qualitative research method of web-based text analysis. Ultimately, the researcher identified three problems: the content of the research was superficial, the emergence of smart media broke the traditional media compliance under ethical laws, and the inadequate mechanism for nurturing talent. Based on these problems, the researcher proposed solutions, which were to conduct an in-depth analysis of the application of artificial intelligence in the communication industry, to develop laws and regulations that comply with the application of intelligent media in the communication field, and to train high-end talents who can use artificial intelligence.
The Influence of Parenting Style on the Ability of Children to Empathize with their Peers
Authors: He Yue
Published: August 2023

The parenting style will have a subtle influence on children’s peer communication. Previous studies paid more attention to “the influence of mother’s parenting style on children’s empathic ability”. Thisstudy adopted a combination of questionnaire method and infant interview method to further explore the influence of different parenting styles on empathic ability between children and peers among 66 toddlers in Y Kindergarten in Fuzhou, Fujian Province. The results showed that authoritative parenting style was positively associated with empathy between toddlers and their peers, while authoritarian, permissive and dismissive parenting styles were negatively associated with empathy between toddlers and their peers. Authoritative parenting style, which is highly responsive and demanding, is associated with children’s ability to empathize with their peers, excluding inevitable factors such as society, family upheaval and physical impairments.
Reviewing Sharmanka Kinetic Theatre: An Innovative Curatorial Approach Combining Visual and Audio Elements
Authors: Zhang Yudi
Published: August 2023

This article offers a retrospective on the operational model and aesthetic dimensions of steampunk sculptures at the Sharmanka Kinetic Theatre, located in Glasgow. The theatre employs an amalgamation of exhibitions and performances, meticulously choreographed by artist Eduard Bersudsky and his team, who coordinate each mechanical sculpture’s movements. Accompanied by ambient sounds and national music, as well as the dynamic interconnected performances of the sculptures themselves, the audience would be immersed in an artistic appreciation experience, allowing for deeper engagement with the relatively obscure art form of steampunk. This approach, addressing the issue of audiences perhaps being unable to fully appreciate art due to limited viewing time, transcends the traditional exhibition’s lack of a clear timeline or sequence. Furthermore, the article revisits how Eduard Bersudsky incorporates Russian cultural elements, history, and technology into his steampunk mechanical sculptures, which reflect the artist’s contemplation on war and authority, as well as his exploration of the relationship between technology and humanity.
A comparative and acceptance study of women’s discourse in Chinese-American online stand-up comedy
Authors: Ma Ye
Published: August 2023

As an emerging form of comedy, stand-up comedy has developed rapidly and attracted widespread attention in various countries today through the production and dissemination mode of new media. In order to better understand the cultural characteristics of stand-up comedy and provide methodological inspiration for contemporary feminist public expression, this essay focuses on online stand-up comedy in China and the United States. Drawing on relevant theories from feminism, gender sociology, reception aesthetics, and communication studies, this essay uses textual close reading and comparative analysis to examine the expressive characteristics and reception mechanisms of women’s discourse in these two countries. Through analysis, this essay concludes that the female comedic discourse in China and the United States, which differs in perspective, expressive approach, and offense and its re-speaking, is repeatedly negotiating resistance or compromise at the intersection of the three influencing factors, namely, the diachronic socio-cultural traditions, the synchronic audience acceptance, and the external impact of the market and censorship.
One Way to Subjectivity: Bell hooks on Postmodernism Blackness
Authors: Fan Siyu
Published: August 2023

Postmodernism is a new style that emerged in American culture after World War II, characterized by formalization, decentralization and commercialization. Bell hooks’ Postmodernism Blackness argues that there is an antagonistic relationship between whites and minorities. In turn, postmodern art is an important way for minorities to challenge white hegemony and build subjectivity. The author takes Captivity by Sherman Alexie, a postmodernist writing on the Other as an example to explore the validity of this theory. On the acknowledgement of the Anglo world’s long-standing oppression of Indian ethnicity, Captivity deconstructs the white imagination of Indian ethnicity and reconstructs a narrative about white, Native American as well their relationship from an Indian perspective. At the same time, the protagonist of Indian ethnicity in Captivity has an ambiguous relationship with the white character and presents an image that conforms to white stereotypes, reflecting the author Alexie’s oscillating emotional position between whiteness and Indianness, which is rooted in his specific individual experience. Through an analysis of the context as well the text, it can be seen that bell hooks successfully portray the merging of postmodernist claims of decentrality and minority liberation demands, reflecting the significance of postmodernism for minority construction of subjectivity, but simplifies the issue of identity, ignores the complexity of identity in the real situation, and thus sees national liberation as the only way out for the ethnic minorities.
An analysis of the new developments and dilemmas of Chinese comic adaptations from the perspective of cultural resonance in the new era ——The example of “White Snake” series of Light Chaser Animation
Authors: Yang Ruihan
Published: August 2023

The film series “White Snake” of Light Chaser Animation is an attempt to internationalize Chinese comics in terms of cultural elements, characterization and core spirit.However, in the midst of continuous innovation, Chinese comics also face new dilemmas, and how to get out of this dilemma is the key to further development of Chinese comics in current era. By using both documentary and case study methods, I review the literature on the “White Snake” series to understand how the film has been received by audiences in China and the overseas market. What’s more, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current state of adaptation of Chinese comics base on the various aspects of the adaptation and innovation of “White Snake” in the literature of others.Then, in the part of the study on new dilemmas, I use the method of comparative thinking to compare “White Snake” with the success of foreign films called “Kung Fu Panda” and “Dragon Ball” respectively, and come to the conclusion that national comics already have good innovation in terms of cultural elements and characterization, but in order to further develop Chinese comics, we need to combine the core spirit with the current trend of the times, and through the localization of foreign culture to arouse the cultural resonance of the new era.
Research on teacher morality and behavior code based on Chinese Confucian tradition
Authors: Xiaochen Wang
Published: August 2023

The Confucian thought handed down from generation to generation has widely influenced the spiritual world of the Chinese nation, and is reflected in all aspects of life, and the Confucian tradition of teachers has a profound influence on the morality and behavior norms of teachers in China. Which Confucius to “benevolence” as the core of the teacher, mencius good theory of “Yang good” teacher and xunzi based on the theory of “evil” teacher is the most representative and influence, the habit of the traditional Confucian professor after long-term social development, the modern education has certain enlightenment, our country currently to teachers’ ethics and teachers should reflect on Confucian tradition and reference.
Music and Language Acquisition
Authors: Huang Shu
Published: August 2023

This literature review is aimed at how music affects language acquisition throughout the long term music training process or music therapy sessions. We discussed, analyzed and summarized several experiment’s results about music’s effects on both physiological(brain, natural system…) and psychological side of people in different life stages. We found the obvious similarity and differences of music and language and their mutual effect. Also, we developed music as a therapeutic tool to improve language acquisition. All in all, we come to the conclusion that specific attention will be paid to the influence of music on the language learner, as well as the implications of incorporating music into the language learning curriculum.
A Simple Markov Chain
Authors: Zhai Qian
Published: August 2023

In this paper, Markov chain is used to model the reproduction of the fixed finite population, and use binomial distribution to discuss the probability of gen inheritance between generations population genes and establish transfer matrix ,using conditional mathematics expect to obtain the probability of absorption at 0 and at 2N only depends on the initial fraction of A gene, and this also must be a fixation probability of gene A , and this conclusion is the same as the results of MATLAB simulation.
Synthetic Route Proposal for Cleistanthol Based on Retrosynthesis Approach
Authors: Liu Zhifei , Li Yichen
Published: August 2023

Cleistanthol of the diterpenoid group is a newly isolated naturally-occuring molecule of biological and pharmaceutical significance. The molecule contians three ring structures, only one of them aromatic, and hydroxy- and hydrocarbon- substitution groups modifying these rings. However, for this compound, a synthetic method has not yet been proposed for it and similar structures sharing the common ring structure but different sites and contents of modifying groups. This paper focuses on the construction of this molecule based on a reverse analysis from a retrosynthetic approach, and analyzed the advantages, shortcomings, and probable future advancements and improvements possibly being made to the route. This study also investigates its synthesis from a biological oriented approach given the target molecule’s likely medical application, and discussed certain aspects during the synthetic pathway possibly hindering its use and possible circumvention to be introduced.
Introduction of IC Manufacturing to Amateurs
Authors: Chen Linxuan , Wang Zilong , Wang Zishuo
Published: August 2023

In the fabrication of silicon wafers to create integrated circuits, chemistry and physics play a significant role. It is important to change the silicon wafer surface conditions and properties using both innocuous and harmful compounds, particular and uncommon circumstances, plasma-state elements, and RF (Radio Frequency) energies. Starting with the production of silicon wafers, sands are molten under high temperature in order to change its molecular structure. In this process, silicon ingot with particular diameter is formed and sliced into pieces of wafer. Following by chemical manufacture, wafer would be prepared to be fabricated into integrated circuits. Then, the circuits would be drawn onto the wafer through oxidation, photolithography, etching, diffusion, and ion implanation. After those fabrication, all these components (transistors, resistors, capacitors, and so on) were only accessible as discrete units, would have taken up most of a medium-sized room 20 years ago, the devices currently fill a one-inch square IC’s surface. When it comes to wafer sorting, a systematic mode will be used to take each bad die from the whole die pie. The researchers will use the relative finder and tester to gain the situation for each die and this work will bring foundation to the following stages including packaging and final test. The packaging process comes to the next consideration. This work divides the packaging process into five steps. All those steps are listed clearly in the essay below, from sawing up the wafer into an individual die to marking the packages. The final process after packaging is the final test. The final test is not such complicated. So this work only introduces the devices that it will use and its purpose.
The use of Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of Covid-19
Authors: Ma Yue , Lu Jiawei , Qin Si
Published: August 2023

This paper mainly studies the therapeutic effect of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome is one of the key clinical manifestations of COVID-19, and azithromycin is considered to be a feasible treatment. The purpose of this study is to investigate how to use azithromycin to treat COVID-19 better. This article describes the therapeutic effect of azithromycin alone on COVID-19, and the effect of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine when used in combination with COVID-19. Several studies have shown that although azithromycin has antiviral activity, azithromycin alone has no significant effect on the treatment of COVID-19. In contrast, multiple data show that the combination of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine has some efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19, and the efficacy is related to the number of days the patient has been ill. The discovery impacts the treatment by providing a different perspective on the world’s treatment of COVID-19.
Immunotherapy Toward Autoimmune Disease and Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zijing
Published: August 2023

Specific immunity refers to the ability of the human body to resist infection obtained by acquiring infection. It is generally formed after microbial and other antigenic material stimulation and the activation of lymphocyte and the production of immunoglobin is typical of this process. If the specific immune response is not correctly triggered, some neoplastic diseases (such as cancer) may develop as the tumor cell can escape the immune response. If the specific immune response is wrongly triggered, autoimmune diseases may be developed as the immunoglobin and active lymphocyte may accumulate against self-antigen on different somatic cell. The specific immune response inhibition in autoimmune response and arousal or manipulation of the specific immune response toward cancer ( such as CAR-T cells therapy) has intrigued investigators recently. In this article, the causes, treatments and possible further researches for autoimmune disease are presented and mechanism of immune escape, as well as modern treatment, especially CAR-T cells for tumour are included for future research.
The Comparison between Chinese Traditional medicine and Low Carbohydrate Diet on the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, a randomized Controlled Trail
Authors: Tan Lihe
Published: August 2023

Diabetes is a crucial problem that the world is facing, especially type 2 diabetes because of the large number of patients and the death brought by it. This paper compares specifically two treatments of type 2 diabetes – low carbohydrate diet (LCD) and Chinese traditional medicine (CTM), through an RCT. Participants are randomly assigned to three groups – low carbohydrate diet group, Chinese traditional medicine group and the control group. The conclusion got from the comparisons between the data of three groups shows that both LCD and CTM are effective in treating type 2 diabetes since they show statistically significant decreases in blood glucose levels, A1c levels, and waist circumferences, and there is no statistically significant difference between their effectiveness. This work proves the validity of the two treatments and provides the foundation for further research on the treatments of both type 1 and 2 diabetes.
Methionine Restriction Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Type-2 Diabetes via miRNA Activation
Authors: Li Yuanming , Yu Zifu , Li Tuowei , Li Chuanzi
Published: August 2023

Methionine Restriction (MR) causes a higher level of circulating and hepatic fibroblastic growth factor 21 (FGF21). This leads to metabolic phenotypes, including increased energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and extended lifespan. Previous studies on obese mice have concluded that dietary MR in a high-fat regimen prevents hyperglycemia and improves glucose homeostasis, thus preventing type-2 diabetes, a multifactorial metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and cell insulin resistance. Recent experiments have shown that cells’ response to dietary MR includes changes in methylation of DNA promoters that activate or repress microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small endogenous nucleotide sequences and contain 18-22 base pairs that control gene expression for lipid metabolism. Considering that the disruption of miRNA levels affects insulin resistance, miRNA potentially plays a role in MR to increase insulin sensitivity for type-2 diabetes. In this paper, we investigate the mechanism of MR influencing the expression level of miRNA-15b to promote insulin sensitivity in obese organisms. Using our in-vitro model, we measured the expression of miRNA-15b in adipocytes cultured in MR and control conditions. Additionally, we compared insulin sensitivity and free fatty acid (FFA) metabolite levels between obese mice on control and MR diets. Taken together, we were able to verify the positive effects of MR in reducing hepatic fatty acid production, decreasing blood glucose levels, and increasing insulin sensitivity. However, miRNA-15b downregulates cells’ insulin signaling pathway and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, we proposed potential influences of MR on other miRNAs in reducing lipid cell differentiation and enhancing insulin sensitivity for future investigation.
The Empowerment of Blockchain Technology to Traditional Joint Action
Authors: Liang Yunjie
Published: August 2023

Due to the transparency and distributed ledger technology that blockchain can provide, large-scale information collection and sharing becomes possible. In traditional joint lawsuits, regardless of the area of law involved, there is the problem of how to collect the consequences of damages and how to distribute them to large groups of people. Blockchain offers possible solutions to this problem. The open and transparent recording capability on the blockchain and the automatic execution capability of smart contracts can significantly improve the efficiency of traditional joint action. The essence of blockchain-enabled joint action is the integration of disadvantaged individuals into one large individual with a relatively unified mind and will to improve the position of the disadvantaged. Blockchain’s ability therefore effectively creates a decentralisation in joint action, i.e., the aggregation of a large number of dispersed individuals into a collective legal will. Blockchain can help to erase the status differences in traditional joint action.
An Analysis of the Application of Beast Elements of the Classic of Mountains and Seas in Modern Cultural and Creative Design
Authors: Lu WeiYing
Published: August 2023

All-encompassing Chinese traditional culture, with its time-honored civilization lasting for over 5,000 years, has created a myriad of glorious stories. Modern cultural aesthetics, in particular, allows for the collision and fusion of cultures over time and space. Of all the traditional cultures, the legendary culture of beasts has been passed down along with the development of Chinese culture. The inheritance of traditional culture in modern society is manifested in all aspects, and interpreting and depicting traditional culture from a modern perspective is tantamount to re-creating traditional culture, where innovation and inheritance are the vanes of the times. From the perspective of beast elements, this paper analyzes the beast culture and its artistic expression in modern cultural and creative design, taking the Catalogue “The Classic of Mountains and Rivers” by Chinese artist VIKI LEE and his creative works.
International legal system: Marine pollution
Authors: Li Siyu , Li Jinke , Zhang Jinshuai
Published: August 2023

This research aims to address the environmental concerns of marine pollutions and explores the international legal legislation to regulate the equilibrium in the marine ecosystem. It outlines the impacts of marine pollution on the biodiversity, social economy and the wellbeing and health conditions. Subsequently, a critical assessment of law regulation in marine pollutions/Limitations in the international environmental law regulations; and utilizes the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as a foundation for policy recommendations.
Cultivation of Labour Values in Schools and Universities in the AI Era: Logic, Problem, and Strategy
Authors: Wu Aibang
Published: August 2023

The artificial intelligence (AI) era has posed a great challenge to the cultivation of labour values in schools and universities, while labour values, whose theoretical logic originates from the dialectical unity relationship between the subject and object of labour, are the core in labour education. Labour values are embodied by labour subjectivity and developed by labour practicality. The research takes the bidirectional relationship between AI and labour education as the theoretical perspective to locate three major problems confronted by labour education: (1) educational administration in schools and universities; (2) separation between technique and morality; (3) binary opposition between mental and manual labour. In this case, labour education in schools and universities should adhere to the proper value orientation of labour education, promote the inter-coordination between labour skills and labour values, and pursue a system that integrates the five education dimensions—morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetics, and labour.
Problems of Academic Atmosphere in Higher Vocational Colleges in the Post-epidemic Era and Countermeasures
Authors: Yumei Zhou , Lei Pen , Peng Wang
Published: August 2023

Surveys found that in the post-epidemic era, the academic atmosphere in higher vocational colleges has not only continued the previous problems, but also the addition, evolution and superposition of problems caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, mainly manifested in weak motivation, poor discipline, and weak professionalism. In this regard, higher vocational colleges should take comprehensive measures to strengthen students’ identity as “the first persons responsible for learning”, give full play to the convenience brought by informationization for personalized promotion, enhance the professional infiltration effect, and guide students to set reasonable goals and grow into talents in diversified ways, so as to fulfill the mission of fostering virtue through education.
Pragmatic Failure of Refusal Patterns of Chinese-Australian from a Cross-cultural Perspective
Authors: Na Liu , Yan Liu
Published: August 2023

The study explores the refusal patterns of Chinese-Australian from a cross-cultural perspective. By analyzing the manifestations of pragmatic failures of refusal patterns between 30 Chinese students and 30 Australian university students in intercultural communication. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and reflective journals and analyzed through thematic analysis using the framework of the Discourse Completion Test (DCT) as the focal research dimension in measuring the Chinese and Australian refusal realization patterns. The results show that because of the different cultural perspective, Chinese and Australian university students always have different responses in the same situation when they refuse others. To increase the chances in cross-cultural communication, we have to apply the refusal strategy based on the cultural background of the communicative object.
·Enhancing Headmasters’ execution in Nanning: Investigating the Influence of Social Support
Authors: Zhi Mengling , Kanjanarat Kanokkan , Khan Sarayut , Punchatree Nuttamon
Published: August 2023

In the context of the continuous development of basic education in Nanning, secondary schools have become a core stage of it. The development of secondary schools is inseparable from their headmasters, and the level of their execution directly determines the direction of a school’s development. Therefore, this paper focuses on the variable of headmaster’s execution, with the aim of understanding the general situation of the executive power level of secondary school principals. At the same time, the variable of social support was introduced to explore the execution of headmasters in depth. The following conclusions were drawn: firstly, social support can significantly and positively influence the level of principal’s execution. Secondly, emotional support has the greatest impact on principals’ execution. Thirdly, informational support has the greatest impact on headmasters’ adaptability and innovation in the various dimensions of headmasters’ execution. Based on this, this paper makes targeted recommendations to improve headmasters’ executive performance.
Prediction of Carbon Dioxide Level Using Statistical Learning and Its Potential Correlation With Global Warming
Authors: Wang Yuning , Shen Yinlong , Hu Mingyi
Published: August 2023

The Industrial Revolution caused a huge change in the climate of our planet. Since the 19th century, a high level of atmospheric carbon dioxide has contributed to global warming and other environmental problems. We first acknowledge the substantial correlations between the CO2 levels or temperatures and the years before creating our models. In this situation, we propose that the ARIMA model, which combines the auto-regression and moving average models, is essential for issue analysis. In order to estimate CO2 concentrations and land-ocean temperatures, we create polynomial models as well as an ARIMA model with seasonality. Following these hypotheses, we discover that the CO2 concentrations and temperatures have a significant direct link. In order to forecast the future relationships between CO2 concentrations and temperatures, we also attempt to employ polynomial function. We constantly reflect on and reexamine the issues as we construct these models in order to have a greater grasp of the circumstances. Each of our models is also evaluated, and the most precise one is used to make forecasts. Based on Matlab, we can quickly calculate the data, utilize iterations to determine the ideal model parameters, and then display our findings in diagrams.