bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity of Local Rainfed Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Siddique MA , Rashid ESMH , Khalequzzaman M , Islam MZ , Ahmed MS , Baktiar MHK
Published: December 2011

Genetic diversity of 58 traditional local rice genotypes was studied under rainfed condition through Mahalanobis D2 statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into nine clusters. The inter-cluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different clusters. The intra-cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. The cluster III contained the highest number of genotypes (13) and the cluster I contained the lowest (2). The highest intra-cluster distance was noticed for the cluster I and the lowest for cluster VII. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and IV followed by cluster IX and IV, cluster I and VI and the lowest between cluster V and III. Regarding inter-cluster distance, the genotypes of cluster IV showed high genetic distance from all other clusters. The genotypes from cluster IV could be hybridized with the genotypes of other characters of other clusters for producing transgressive segregants. Based on positive value of vector 1 and vector 2, flag leaf length, plant height, panicle length and grain breath had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. The highest cluster means for yield, 1000 grain weight and grain breath were obtained from cluster VIII. The highest plant height, flag leaf width and panicle length were found in cluster II while the lowest mean value for yield, days to flowering and maturity, unfilled grain and the highest mean value for grain length breadth ratio were found in cluster II. Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster IV and cluster VIII, cluster I and cluster IV for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster II which would be used to produce new recombinants with desired traits.   Key words: Genetic diversity; D2 analysis; cluster analysis; rice (Oryza sativa L)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v23i2.9324 Bangladesh J. Pl. Breed. Genet., 23(2): 41-46, 2010
Convective Flow Of Micropolar Fluids Along An Inclined Flat Plate With Variable Electric Conductivity And Uniform Surface Heat Flux
Authors: Uddin Md Jashim
Published: December 2011

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) twodimensional steady convective flow and heat transfer of micropolar fluids flow along an inclined flat plate with variable electric conductivity and uniform surface heat flux has been analyzed numerically in the presence of heat generation. With appropriate transformations the boundary layer partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The local similarity solutions of the transformed dimensionless equations for the velocity flow, microrotation and heat transfer characteristics are assessed using Nachtsheim- Swigert shooting iteration technique along with the sixth order Runge-Kutta-Butcher initial value solver. Numerical results are presented graphically in the form of velocity, microrotation, and temperature profiles within the boundary layer for different parameters entering into the analysis. The effects of the pertinent parameters on the local skin-friction coefficient (viscous drag), plate couple stress and the rate of heat transfer (Nusselt number) are also discussed and displayed graphically. Keywords: Convective flow; Micropolar fluid; Heat transfer; Electric conductivity; Inclined plate; Locally self-similar solution DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i1.9336 DIUJST 2011; 6(1): 69-79
Comparative Study Of Endoparasitic Infestation In Channa Punctatus (Bloch, 1793) Collected From Hatchery And Sewage Lagoon
Authors: Rakibuzzaman Md , Raknuzzaman Md
Published: December 2011

The present study was conducted to identify and determine the prevalence and intensity of infestation brought about by the endoparasites in Channa punctatus (Bloch,1793) from different water bodies of varying water quality in Bangladesh. The prevalence of endoparasites in the host fish Channa punctatus was 91.30% in female and 88.88% in male fishes, among them in sewage water fishes the prevalence was 85.71% in female and 86.66% in male and in fishes collected from a hatchery the prevalence was 100% in both the male and female fishes. The intensities of infestation in Channa punctatus was 6.78 in female and 6.55 in male fish collected from hatchery; and in sewage water fishes the intensity was 3.50 in females and 1.15 in males respectively. Six parasite species were found from polluted water fishes and seven species of parasites were recorded from fresh water fishes. The intensity and the prevalence were higher in host fishes collected from hatchery than the sewage water host fishes. Keywords: Endoparasitic; Infestation; Channa punctatus; Hatchery; Sewage; Lagoon DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i2.9339 DIUJST 2011; 6(2): 6-10
Power System Stabilization By Fuzzy Set Theory Based Control Of SMES
Authors: Sheikh Md Rafiqul Islam , Takahashi Rion , Tamura Junji
Published: December 2011

At present fuzzy logic control is receiving increasing emphasis in process control applications. The paper describes the application of fuzzy logic control in a power system that uses a 12- pulse bridge converter associated with Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit. The fuzzy control is used in both the frequency and voltage control loops, replacing the conventional control method. The control algorithms have been developed in detail and simulation results are presented. These results clearly indicate the superior performance of fuzzy control during the dynamic period of energy transfer between the power system and SMES unit. Keywords: Fuzzy logic controller; power system dynamic performance; SMES unit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i2.9343 DIUJST 2011; 6(2): 33-41
Steady Radiative Free Convective Flow Along A Vertical Flat Plate In The Presence Of Magnetic Field
Authors: Karim Md Enamul , Uddin MJ
Published: December 2011

Steady two-dimensional Magneto hydrodynamic free convection flow with thermal radiation in the presence of magnetic field along a vertical flat plate is concerned in the present study. The fluid is taken to be gray, absorbing-emitting radiation. The non-linear governing equations have been transformed by the usual similarity transformation to a system of ordinary differential equations. These dimensionless similar equations are then solved numerically employing the Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique along with sixth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. Finally the effects of the pertinent parameters are examined. Keywords: MHD flow; radiation; magnetic field; kinematic viscosity; thermal diffusivity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v6i2.9346 DIUJST 2011; 6(2): 55-62
Radar-Based Analysis of Convective Storms over Northwestern Italy
Authors: Davini Paolo , Bechini Renzo , Cremonini Roberto , Cassardo Claudio
Published: December 2011

Thunderstorms may cause large damages to infrastructures and population, therefore the possible identification of the areas with the highest occurrence of these events is especially relevant. Nevertheless, few extensive studies of these phenomena with high spatial and temporal resolution have been carried out in the Alps and none of them includes North-western Italy. To analyze thunderstorm events, the data of the meteorological radar network of the regional meteorological service of Piedmont region (ARPA Piemonte) have been used in this work. The database analyzed includes all thunderstorms occurred during the warm months (April to September) of a 6-year period (2005–2010). The tracks of each storm have been evaluated using a storm tracking algorithm. Several characteristics of the storms have been analyzed, such as the duration, the spatial and the temporaldistribution, the direction and the distance travelled. Obtained results revealed several important characteristics that may be useful for nowcasting purposes providing a first attempt of radar-based climatology in the considered region.
Exploring the Optimal Strategy to Predict Essential Genes in Microbes
Authors: Deng Jingyuan , Tan Lirong , Lin Xiaodong , Lu Yao , Lu Long J.
Published: December 2011

Accurately predicting essential genes is important in many aspects of biology, medicine and bioengineering. In previous research, we have developed a machine learning based integrative algorithm to predict essential genes in bacterial species. This algorithm lends itself to two approaches for predicting essential genes: learning the traits from known essential genes in the target organism, or transferring essential gene annotations from a closely related model organism. However, for an understudied microbe, each approach has its potential limitations. The first is constricted by the often small number of known essential genes. The second is limited by the availability of model organisms and by evolutionary distance. In this study, we aim to determine the optimal strategy for predicting essential genes by examining four microbes with well-characterized essential genes. Our results suggest that, unless the known essential genes are few, learning from the known essential genes in the target organism usually outperforms transferring essential gene annotations from a related model organism. In fact, the required number of known essential genes is surprisingly small to make accurate predictions. In prokaryotes, when the number of known essential genes is greater than 2% of total genes, this approach already comes close to its optimal performance. In eukaryotes, achieving the same best performance requires over 4% of total genes, reflecting the increased complexity of eukaryotic organisms. Combining the two approaches resulted in an increased performance when the known essential genes are few. Our investigation thus provides key information on accurately predicting essential genes and will greatly facilitate annotations of microbial genomes.
Why the Brain Knows More than We Do: Non-Conscious Representations and Their Role in the Construction of Conscious Experience
Authors: Dresp-Langley Birgitta
Published: December 2011

Scientific studies have shown that non-conscious stimuli and representations influence information processing during conscious experience. In the light of such evidence, questions about potential functional links between non-conscious brain representations and conscious experience arise. This article discusses neural model capable of explaining how statistical learning mechanisms in dedicated resonant circuits could generate specific temporal activity traces of non-conscious representations in the brain. How reentrant signaling, top-down matching, and statistical coincidence of such activity traces may lead to the progressive consolidation of temporal patterns that constitute the neural signatures of conscious experience in networks extending across large distances beyond functionally specialized brain regions is then explained.
Retrofitting of Energy Habitability in Social Housing: A Case Study in a Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Suárez Rafael , Fernández-Agüera Jessica
Published: December 2011

Much of the residential sector in Spain is obsolete, with inadequate conditions of comfort and high energy consumption. For this reason most of the potential for improving energy efficiency lies in the existing residential sector, which requires upgrading to meet the quantitative and qualitative changes required at present. This study of specific cases aimed at establishing general criteria for action has been prompted by the difficulty in proposing general intervention strategies. This paper presents a case study for the energy retrofit of 68 social housing units in Cordoba (Spain) evaluating their energy consumption, with a view to improving the building’s energy balance and indoor thermal comfort, on which user comfort depends.
Molecular Basis of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: The Role of RET Polymorphisms
Authors: Ceolin Lucieli , Siqueira Débora R. , Romitti Mírian , Ferreira Carla V. , Maia Ana Luiza
Published: December 2011

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor originating in parafollicular C cells. It accounts for 5 to 8% of all thyroid cancers. MTC develops in either sporadic (75%) or hereditary form (25%). Genetic and molecular studies have demonstrated the involvement of the RET proto-oncogene in hereditary MTC and, less often, in its sporadic form. Although a strong genotype-phenotype correlation has been described, wide clinical heterogeneity is observed among families with the same RET mutation or even in carriers of the same kindred. In recent years, several single nucleotide polymorphisms of the RET gene have been described in the general population as well as in patients with MTC. Some studies have reported associations between the presence of polymorphisms and development or progression of MTC. Nonetheless, other studies failed to demonstrate any effect of the RET variants. Differences in the genetic background of distinct populations or methodological approaches have been suggested as potential reasons for the conflicting results. Here, we review current knowledge concerning the molecular pathogenesis of sporadic and hereditary MTC. In particular, we analyze the role of RET polymorphisms in the clinical presentation and prognosis of MTC based on the current literature.
Fractionation of Whey Protein Isolate with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide—Process Modeling and Cost Estimation
Authors: Yver Alexandra L. , Bonnaillie Laetitia M. , Yee Winnie , McAloon Andrew , Tomasula Peggy M.
Published: December 2011

An economical and environmentally friendly whey protein fractionation process was developed using supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as an acid to produce enriched fractions of α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) from a commercial whey protein isolate (WPI) containing 20% α-LA and 55% β-LG, through selective precipitation of α-LA. Pilot-scale experiments were performed around the optimal parameter range (T = 60 to 65 °C, P = 8 to 31 MPa, C = 5 to 15% (w/w) WPI) to quantify the recovery rates of the individual proteins and the compositions of both fractions as a function of processing conditions. Mass balances were calculated in a process flow-sheet to design a large-scale, semi-continuous process model using SuperproDesigner® software. Total startup and production costs were estimated as a function of processing parameters, product yield and purity. Temperature, T, pressure, P, and concentration, C, showed conflicting effects on equipment costs and the individual precipitation rates of the two proteins, affecting the quantity, quality, and production cost of the fractions considerably. The highest α-LA purity, 61%, with 80% α-LA recovery in the solid fraction, was obtained at T = 60 °C, C = 5% WPI, P = 8.3 MPa, with a production cost of $8.65 per kilogram of WPI treated. The most profitable conditions resulted in 57%-pure α-LA, with 71% α-LA recovery in the solid fraction and 89% β-LG recovery in the soluble fraction, and production cost of $5.43 per kilogram of WPI treated at T = 62 °C, C = 10% WPI and P = 5.5 MPa. The two fractions are ready-to-use, new food ingredients with a pH of 6.7 and contain no residual acid or chemical contaminants.
Chemical Composition, Starch Digestibility and Antioxidant Capacity of Tortilla Made with a Blend of Quality Protein Maize and Black Bean
Authors: Grajales-García Eva M. , Osorio-Díaz Perla , Goñi Isabel , Hervert-Hernández Deisy , Guzmán-Maldonado Salvador H. , Bello-Pérez Luis A.
Published: December 2011

Tortilla and beans are the basic components in the diet of people in the urban and rural areas of Mexico. Quality protein maize is suggested for tortilla preparation because it presents an increase in lysine and tryptophan levels. Beans contain important amounts of dietary fiber. The objective of this study was to prepare tortilla with bean and assesses the chemical composition, starch digestibility and antioxidant capacity using a quality protein maize variety. Tortilla with bean had higher protein, ash, dietary fiber and resistant starch content, and lower digestible starch than control tortilla. The hydrolysis rate (60 to 50%) and the predicted glycemic index (88 to 80) of tortilla decreased with the addition of bean in the blend. Extractable polyphenols and proanthocyanidins were higher in the tortilla with bean than control tortilla. This pattern produced higher antioxidant capacity of tortilla with bean (17.6 μmol Trolox eq/g) than control tortilla (7.8 μmol Trolox eq/g). The addition of bean to tortilla modified the starch digestibility and antioxidant characteristics of tortilla, obtaining a product with nutraceutical characteristics.
Photocatalytic Degradation of p-Cresol by Zinc Oxide under UV Irradiation
Authors: Abdollahi Yadollah , Abdullah Abdul Halim , Zainal Zulkarnain , Yusof Nor Azah
Published: December 2011

Photocatalytic degradation of p-cresol was carried out using ZnO under UV irradiation. The amount of photocatalyst, concentration of p-cresol and pH were studied as variables. The residual concentration and mineralization of p-cresol was monitored using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer, respectively. The intermediates were detected by ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC). The highest photodegradation of p-cresol was observed at 2.5 g/L of ZnO and 100 ppm of p-cresol. P-cresol photocatalytic degradation was favorable in the pH range of 6–9. The detected intermediates were 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde and 4-methyl-1,2-benzodiol. TOC studies show that 93% of total organic carbon was removed from solution during irradiation time. Reusability shows no significant reduction in photocatalytic performance in photodegrading p-cresol.
Human Gene Control by Vital Oncogenes: Revisiting a Theoretical Model and Its Implications for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Willis Rudolph E.
Published: December 2011

An important assumption of our current understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis has been the belief that clarification of the cancer process would inevitably reveal some of the crucial mechanisms of normal human gene regulation. Since the momentous work of Bishop and Varmus, both the molecular and the biochemical processes underlying the events in the development of cancer have become increasingly clear. The identification of cellular signaling pathways and the role of protein kinases in the events leading to gene activation have been critical to our understanding not only of normal cellular gene control mechanisms, but also have clarified some of the important molecular and biochemical events occurring within a cancer cell. We now know that oncogenes are dysfunctional proto-oncogenes and that dysfunctional tumor suppressor genes contribute to the cancer process. Furthermore, Weinstein and others have hypothesized the phenomenon of oncogene addiction as a distinct characteristic of the malignant cell. It can be assumed that cancer cells, indeed, become dependent on such vital oncogenes. The products of these vital oncogenes, such as c-myc, may well be the Achilles heel by which targeted molecular therapy may lead to truly personalized cancer therapy. The remaining problem is the need to introduce relevant molecular diagnostic tests such as genome microarray analysis and proteomic methods, especially protein kinase identification arrays, for each individual patient. Genome wide association studies on cancers with gene analysis of single nucleotide and other mutations in functional proto-oncogenes will, hopefully, identify dysfunctional proto-oncogenes and allow the development of more specific targeted drugs directed against the protein products of these vital oncogenes. In 1984 Willis proposed a molecular and biochemical model for eukaryotic gene regulation suggesting how proto-oncogenes might function within the normal cell. That model predicted the existence of vital oncogenes and can now be used to hypothesize the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that drive the processes leading to disruption of the gene regulatory machinery, resulting in the transformation of normal cells into cancer.
A Series of Supramolecular Complexes for Solar Energy Conversion via Water Reduction to Produce Hydrogen: An Excited State Kinetic Analysis of Ru(II),Rh(III),Ru(II) Photoinitiated Electron Collectors
Authors: White Travis  A. , Knoll Jessica D. , Arachchige Shamindri M. , Brewer Karen  J.
Published: December 2011

Mixed-metal supramolecular complexes have been designed that photochemically absorb solar light, undergo photoinitiated electron collection and reduce water to produce hydrogen fuel using low energy visible light. This manuscript describes these systems with an analysis of the photophysics of a series of six supramolecular complexes, [{(TL)2Ru(dpp)}2RhX2](PF6)5 with TL = bpy, phen or Ph2phen with X = Cl or Br. The process of light conversion to a fuel requires a system to perform a number of complicated steps including the absorption of light, the generation of charge separation on a molecular level, the reduction by one and then two electrons and the interaction with the water substrate to produce hydrogen. The manuscript explores the rate of intramolecular electron transfer, rate of quenching of the supramolecules by the DMA electron donor, rate of reduction of the complex by DMA from the 3MLCT excited state, as well as overall rate of reduction of the complex via visible light excitation. Probing a series of complexes in detail exploring the variation of rates of important reactions as a function of sub-unit modification provides insight into the role of each process in the overall efficiency of water reduction to produce hydrogen. The kinetic analysis shows that the complexes display different rates of excited state reactions that vary with TL and halide. The role of the MLCT excited state is elucidated by this kinetic study which shows that the 3MLCT state and not the 3MMCT is likely that key contributor to the photoreduction of these complexes. The kinetic analysis of the excited state dynamics and reactions of the complexes are important as this class of supramolecules behaves as photoinitiated electron collectors and photocatalysts for the reduction of water to hydrogen.
Physical Characterization of Mouse Deep Vein Thrombosis Derived Microparticles by Differential Filtration with Nanopore Filters
Authors: Peramo Antonio , Diaz Jose A.
Published: December 2011

With the objective of making advancements in the area of pro-thrombotic microparticle characterization in cardiovascular biology, we present a novel method to separate blood circulating microparticles using a membrane-based, nanopore filtration system. In this qualitative study, electron microscopy observations of these pro-thrombotic mouse microparticles, as well as mouse platelets and leukocytes obtained using a mouse inferior vena cava ligation model of deep-vein thrombosis are presented. In particular, we present mouse microparticle morphology and microstructure using SEM and TEM indicating that they appear to be mostly spherical with diameters in the 100 to 350 nm range. The nanopore filtration technique presented is focused on the development of novel methodologies to isolate and characterize blood circulating microparticles that can be used in conjunction with other methodologies. We believe that determination of microparticle size and structure is a critical step for the development of reliable assays with clinical or research application in thrombosis and it will contribute to the field of nanomedicine in thrombosis.
Synthesis of cis- and trans-3-Aminocyclohexanols by Reduction of β-Enaminoketones
Authors: Balbás Iris Montoya , Mendoza Blanca Eda Domínguez , Fernández-Zertuche Mario , Ordoñez Mario , Linzaga-Elizalde Irma
Published: December 2011

We describe a protocol developed for the preparation of β-enaminoketones derived from 1,3-cyclohexanediones, and their subsequent reduction by sodium in THF-isopropyl alcohol to afford cis- and trans-3-aminocyclohexanols.
Template Directed Reversible Photochemical Ligation of Oligodeoxynucleotides
Authors: Nakamura Shigetaka , Ogasawara Shinzi , Matuda Shigeo , Saito Isao , Fujimoto Kenzo
Published: December 2011

We demonstrated that 5-vinyldeoxyuridine (VU) and 5-carboxyvinyldeoxyuridine (CVU) can be used to photoligate a longer oligonucleotide (ODN) from smaller ODNs on a template. By performing irradiation at 366 nm, these artificial nucleotides make photoligated ODNs with high efficiency without any side reactions. Moreover, by performing irradiation at 312 nm, these photoligated ODNs were reversed to the original ODN. VU needs to be irradiated 366 nm for 6 h, but CVU needs to be irradiated at 366 nm for 15 min. Finally, we made a self-assembled structure with an ODN containing CVU and observed the photoligated ODN by photoirradiation.
Molecular Properties of Water-Unextractable Proteoglycans from Hypsizygus marmoreus and Their in Vitro Immunomodulatory Activities
Authors: Bao Hong Hui , Tarbasa Mehdi , Chae Hee Mun , You Sang Guan
Published: December 2011

Four proteoglycans were sequentially extracted from Hypsizygus marmoreus using 0.1 M NaOH (alkali-soluble proteoglycans [F1] and alkali-insoluble proteoglycans [F3]) and 0.1 M HCl (acid-soluble proteoglycans [F2] and acid-insoluble proteoglycans [F4]), and their structures and immunomodulatory activities were investigated. The proteoglycans were found to contain carbohydrates (19.8–82.4%) with various amounts of proteins (7.7–67.3%), and glucose was the major monosaccharide unit present, along with trace amounts of galactose. The molecular weights (Mw) and the radius of gyration (Rg) of these proteoglycans showed ranges of 16 × 104–19,545 × 104 g/mol and 35–148 nm, respectively, showing significant variations in their molecular conformations. The backbones of F1 and F2 were mainly connected through a-(1→3), (1→4) and b-(1→6)-glycosidic linkages with some branches. The F1 and F2 proteoglycans significantly stimulated Raw264.7 cells to release nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and various cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 by inducing their mRNA expressions.
New Strategies to Develop Novel Pain Therapies: Addressing Thermoreceptors from Different Points of View
Authors: Fernández-Carvajal Asia , Fernández-Ballester Gregorio , Devesa Isabel , González-Ros José Manuel , Ferrer-Montiel Antonio
Published: December 2011

One approach to develop successful pain therapies is the modulation of dysfunctional ion channels that contribute to the detection of thermal, mechanical and chemical painful stimuli. These ion channels, known as thermoTRPs, promote the sensitization and activation of primary sensory neurons known as nociceptors. Pharmacological blockade and genetic deletion of thermoTRP have validated these channels as therapeutic targets for pain intervention. Several thermoTRP modulators have progressed towards clinical development, although most failed because of the appearance of unpredicted side effects. Thus, there is yet a need to develop novel channel modulators with improved therapeutic index. Here, we review the current state-of-the art and illustrate new pharmacological paradigms based on TRPV1 that include: (i) the identification of activity-dependent modulators of this thermoTRP channel; (ii) the design of allosteric modulators that interfere with protein-protein interaction involved in the functional coupling of stimulus sensing and gate opening; and (iii) the development of compounds that abrogate the inflammation-mediated increase of receptor expression in the neuronal surface. These new sites of action represent novel strategies to modulate pathologically active TRPV1, while minimizing an effect on the TRPV1 subpopulation involved in physiological and protective roles, thus increasing their potential therapeutic use.
Polymer-Nanocrystal Hybrid Materials for Light Conversion Applications
Authors: Yuan Ying , Krüger Michael
Published: December 2011

In this mini-review we report on current developments of hybrid materials based on semiconductor nanocrystals integrated into polymer matrices for direct light conversion, their present limitations, as well as their high potential for future applications.
Online Assessment of Human-Robot Interaction for Hybrid Control of Walking
Authors: Del-Ama Antonio J. , Moreno Juan C. , Gil-Agudo Ángel , De-los-Reyes Ana , Pons José L.
Published: December 2011

Restoration of walking ability of Spinal Cord Injury subjects can be achieved by different approaches, as the use of robotic exoskeletons or electrical stimulation of the user’s muscles. The combined (hybrid) approach has the potential to provide a solution to the drawback of each approach. Specific challenges must be addressed with specific sensory systems and control strategies. In this paper we present a system and a procedure to estimate muscle fatigue from online physical interaction assessment to provide hybrid control of walking, regarding the performances of the muscles under stimulation.
Optimizing the Air Dissolution Parameters in an Unpacked Dissolved Air Flotation System
Authors: Dassey Adam , Theegala Chandra
Published: December 2011

Due to the various parameters that influence air solubility and microbubble production in dissolved air flotation (DAF), a multitude of values that cover a large range for these parameters are suggested for field systems. An unpacked saturator and an air quantification unit were designed to specify the effects of power, pressure, temperature, hydraulic retention time, and air flow on the DAF performance. It was determined that a pressure of 621 kPa, hydraulic retention time of 18.2 min, and air flow of 8.5 L/h would be the best controlled parameters for maximum efficiency in this unit. A temperature of 7 °C showed the greatest microbubble production, but temperature control would not be expected in actual application. The maximum microbubble flow from the designed system produced 30 mL of air (±1.5) per L of water under these conditions with immediate startup. The maximum theoretical dissolved air volume of 107 mL (±6) was achieved at a retention time of 2 h and a pressure of 621 kPa. To isolate and have better control over the various DAF operational parameters, the DAF unit was operated without the unsaturated flow stream. This mode of operation led to the formation of large bubbles at peak bubble production rates. In a real-world application, the large bubble formation will be avoided by mixing with raw unsaturated stream and by altering the location of dissolved air output flow.
Development and Pilot Testing of the Faculty Advisor Evaluation Questionnaire
Authors: Harrison Elizabeth
Published: December 2011

The importance of academic advising has been established in part by its designation as an element in the American Association of Colleges of Nursing’s
Standards for Accreditation
. In addition, academic advising plays an essential role in students’ development, academic success, satisfaction, recruitment, and retention; therefore, access to valid and reliable evaluation tools is of considerable importance. The purpose of this study was to develop and pilot test the Faculty Advisor Evaluation Questionnaire (FAEQ), which is an instrument developed from qualitative nursing research. The psychometric properties were explored using face and content validity, internal consistency reliability, and principle components factor analysis. The four-factor solution of the resulting 30-item questionnaire accounted for 81% of the variability. Cronbach’s alpha values of the four factors ranged from 0.885 to 0.974. The FAEQ should elicit valid and reliable results, although further testing is needed to validate the findings in a larger and more diverse sample.
Overcoming All Obstacles: A Framework for Embedding Interprofessional Education Into a Large, Multisite Bachelor of Science Nursing Program
Authors: Salfi Jenn , Solomon Patricia , Allen Dianne , Mohaupt Jennifer , Patterson Christine
Published: December 2011

As the delivery of health care becomes more complex and challenging, the need for all health care professionals to collaborate as a team has been identified. Nurses are an integral part of the health care team, so it is critical that their education prepare them for interprofessional collaborative practice. Although many academic settings are currently offering interprofessional education (IPE) in the form of compulsory and elective activities and courses, it may not be enough nor an option for programs with large volumes of students who are distributed across a variety of sites and locations. This article outlines a framework that has been successfully adopted by one large school of nursing that chose to integrate interprofessional competencies throughout its curriculum. This IPE agenda is cost-effective, sustainable, and accessible, and it can be adapted to meet the needs of other prelicensure programs that face similar obstacles or challenges with offering IPE.
Reproducibility of Macular Thickness Measurement Among Five OCT Instruments: Effects of Image Resolution, Image Registration, and Eye Tracking
Authors: Chin Eric K. , Sedeek Ragui W. , Li Yueju , Beckett Laurel , Redenbo Ellen , Chandra Karishma , Park Susanna S.
Published: December 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To study the effect of image resolution, eye tracking, and image registration on central macular thickness reproducibility (rCMT) among spectral-domain and time-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT and TD-OCT) instruments.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Seventy-six eyes were imaged (44 normal, 32 maculopathy) either twice using four SD-OCT and one TD-OCT devices or three times using Spectralis SD-OCT (with and without eye tracking) (Heidelberg Engineering, Inc., Heidelberg, Germany). Cirrus images (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) were further analyzed with three-point image registration.

RESULTS:

All instruments had superior rCMT in normal versus pathologic eyes (
P
< .001). No difference in rCMT was noted among instruments in normal eyes (
P
= .92), but TD-OCT was superior to SD-OCT (
P
= .017) in pathologic eyes. Cirrus image registration improved rCMT for normal eyes (
P
= .04), with borderline improvement in pathologic eyes (
P
= .06). Spectralis eye tracking improved rCMT in normal (
P
= .01) and pathologic (
P
= .004) eyes.

CONCLUSION:

Higher image resolution with SD-OCT may not improve rCMT, but image registration and eye tracking options may improve rCMT.
Mal de ojo y plantas mágicas en Los Arribes del Duero (Salamanca-Zamora, España): una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: González José Antonio , García-Barriuso Mónica , Amich Francisco
Published: December 2011

Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva, relativa a la existencia de remedios vegetales contra el mal de ojo en el territorio de Los Arribes del Duero. Situada en el extremo centro-occidental de España, concretamente en el oeste de las provincias de Salamanca y Zamora, esta comarca ha sido una zona muy aislada hasta el siglo XX. Un total de 20 plantas vasculares son mencionadas en las obras consultadas. Los remedios preventivos tienen especial relación con momentos clave del calendario religioso. El Domingo de Ramos se bendicen ramos confeccionados con olivo, laurel y/o romero, que posteriormente se colocan en ventanas y balcones para proteger las casas, y durante la celebración de la hoguera de San Juan se queman plantas aromáticas. Asimismo, se recoge el uso tradicional de plantas repelentes de las brujas, plantas que son colgadas detrás de las puertas de casas y cuadras, y de rituales de curación de personas, animales, e incluso determinadas posesiones.
La compleja identidad personal
Authors: Álvarez-Munárriz Luis
Published: December 2011

En este trabajo se pretende poner de manifiesto la relevancia teórica que tiene la identidad personal y su importancia en la vida de las personas. Se exponen los principales marcos teóricos que se han usado para entenderla. Se explica cómo en el campo de la antropología social la identidad personal ha sido diluida en la estructura sociocultural. Para recuperarla se propone y fundamenta una visión ecosistémica de la categoría de persona.
“No es fácil..., y aquí tampoco”. Trayectorias migratorias de mujeres cubanas en España
Authors: García-Moreno Cristina , Pujadas Muñoz Joan Josep
Published: December 2011

“No es fácil” es una de las expresiones más usadas por mujeres y hombres en Cuba, siendo esta la que mejor resume la dureza de los tiempos que corren en la isla caribeña. En el nuevo paisaje socioeconómico cubano, son las mujeres quienes están viviendo, en mayor medida, las consecuencias de la crisis económica en la vida familiar y social: aportando su trabajo al sistema productivo, generando redes de solidaridad y, sobre todo, como principales gestoras y proveedoras de los hogares. A través del análisis de diferentes trayectorias migratorias de mujeres cubanas que se encuentran en España, nos preguntamos si la situación de presión familiar y social vinculada al ámbito reproductivo se ha convertido en uno de los factores que las ha llevado a emigrar, sobre todo cuando, desde el planteamiento ideológico cubano, se les ha hecho conscientes de sus posibilidades en el espacio público.
Copla y supervivencia: Conchita Piquer, “Tatuaje”, y el duelo de los vencidos
Authors: Sieburth Stephanie
Published: December 2011

El presente estudio es una lectura de “Tatuaje” (1941), la copla más emblemática de Conchita Piquer, a la sombra de las fosas comunes del terror franquista. Numerosos intelectuales que crecieron durante la posguerra han dejado elocuente testimonio de la pasión con que los vencidos cantaban esta canción. Valiéndome de los recientes documentales que recogen el testimonio de los superviventes del terror franquista sobre el sufrimiento psicológico que supuso la prohibición de enterrar a sus familiares ni llevar a cabo ningún ritual de duelo por ellos, sostengo que “Tatuaje” tuvo tanto impacto porque funcionaba durante toda la posguerra como un ritual clandestino de duelo, un duelo bajo la clave de la historia de la mujer del puerto y su marinero. Interpreto la canción como una representación de, y terapia contra, el llamado “duelo complicado.” Y argumento que “Tatuaje” también ayudó a los vencidos a resolver un problema existencial: el de ser fantasmas de una época anterior, de no tener papel en la “España nueva” franquista.
Correspondencia entre Caridad Rodríguez Pérez-Galdós y José Pérez Vidal
Authors: González Brito María Remedios
Published: December 2011

En la Biblioteca Insular de la Palma se custodia el Fondo José Pérez Vidal, formado por la biblioteca y el archivo del etnólogo palmero (1907-1990). Entre los materiales de su archivo personal destaca la correspondencia profesional que Pérez Vidal mantuvo a lo largo de su vida con colegas y amigos. Se presentan en esta ocasión las cartas recibidas por Caridad Rodríguez Pérez-Galdós en torno a sus investigaciones de arte popular y artesanías canarias, y que han sido donadas a la Biblioteca.
Effect of Alcohol Structure on the Optimum Condition for Novozym 435-Catalyzed Synthesis of Adipate Esters
Authors: Abdul Rahman Mohd Basyaruddin , Chaibakhsh Naz , Basri Mahiran
Published: December 2011

ImmobilizedCandida antarcticalipase B, Novozym 435, was used as the biocatalyst in the esterification of adipic acid with four different isomers of butanol (n-butanol, sec-butanol, iso-butanol, and tert-butanol). Optimum conditions for the synthesis of adipate esters were obtained using response surface methodology approach with a four-factor-five-level central composite design concerning important reaction parameters which include time, temperature, substrate molar ratio, and amount of enzyme. Reactions under optimized conditions has yielded a high percentage of esterification (>96%) for n-butanol, iso-butanol, and sec-butanol, indicating that extent of esterification is independent of the alcohol structure for primary and secondary alcohols at the optimum conditions. Minimum reaction time (135 min) for achieving maximum ester yield was obtained for iso-butanol. The required time for attaining maximum yield and also the initial rates in the synthesis of di-n-butyl and di-sec-butyl adipate were nearly the same. ImmobilizedCandida antarcticalipase B was also capable of esterifying tert-butanol with a maximum yield of 39.1%. The enzyme is highly efficient biocatalyst for the synthesis of adipate esters by offering a simple production process and a high esterification yield.
Critical Aspects of Clinical Trial Design for Novel Cell and Gene Therapies
Authors: Kefalopoulou Zinovia , Aviles-Olmos Iciar , Foltynie Thomas
Published: December 2011

Neural cell transplantation and gene therapy have attracted considerable interest as promising therapeutic alternatives for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Preclinical and open-label studies have suggested that grafted fetal neural tissue or viral vector gene transfer can achieve considerable biochemical and clinical improvements, whereas subsequent double-blind, placebo-controlled protocols have produced rather more modest and variable results. Detailed evaluation of these discordant findings has highlighted several crucial issues such as patient selection criteria, details surrounding transplantation or gene therapy methodologies, as well as the study designs themselves that ought to be carefully considered in the planning phases of future clinical trials. Beyond the provision of symptomatic efficacy and safety data, it also remains to be identified whether the possibilities offered by stem cell and gene therapy technological advances might translate to meaningful neuroprotection and/or disease-modifying effects or alleviate the nonmotor aspects of PD and thus offer additional benefits beyond those achieved through conventional pharmacotherapy or deep brain stimulation (DBS).
Malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity: a case report with examination of KIT and platelet derived growth factor receptor-α(PDGFRA)
Authors: Terada Tadashi
Published: December 2011

Although several clinicopathological studies of malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity have been reported, there are no studies of the expression and gene mutation of KIT and platelet derived growth factor receptor-α ( PDGFRA) in melanoma of the nasal cavity. A 92-year-old Japanese woman consulted to our hospital because of right nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Physical examination and imaging modalities showed a tumor of the right nasal cavity. A biopsy was taken, and it showed malignant epithelioid cells with melanin deposition. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for S100 protein, HMB45, p53, Ki-67 (labeling=20%), KIT and PDGFRA. The tumor was negative for cytokeratins (AE1/3 and CAM5.2). A genetic analysis using PCR-direct sequencing revealed no mutation of KIT gene (exons 9, 11, 13, and 17) or the PDGFRA gene (exons 12 and 18). The pathological diagnosis was primary malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity. The tumor was reduced in size by local resection and chemotherapy (Darthmose regimen: dacarbazine, carmustine, cisplatine, and tamoxifen), and the patient is now alive and free from metastasis 9 months after the first manifestation. In conclusion, the author reported a case of melanoma of the nasal cavity expressing KIT and PDGFRA without gene mutations of KIT and PDGFRA.
Testicular touch preparation cytology in the evaluation of male infertility
Authors: Yildiz-Aktas Isil Z. , Monaco Sara E. , Khalbuss Walid E. , Parwani Anil V. , Jaffe Thomas M. , Pantanowitz Liron
Published: December 2011

Background:

Male infertility is traditionally evaluated by tissue core biopsies of the testes. Touch preparations (TP) of these biopsies have been infrequently used. The aim of this study is to report our experience with using testicular biopsy TP for the evaluation of male infertility.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective search was performed for cases of testes biopsies with concurrent TP. These cases were evaluated for clinical information, specimen adequacy, and cytological–histological correlation.

Results:

A total of 39 cases were identified from men with a mean age of 34 years (range 23 to 50 years). TP slides were satisfactory for evaluation in 31 (89%) cases, and less than optimal in four due to low cellularity, obscuring blood or air drying artifact. Cytopathology showed concordance with the biopsy in almost all cases. In one discordant case where the biopsies showed no active spermatogenesis, a rare sperm were identified on the TP.

Conclusions:

TP of the testis is a helpful adjunct to biopsy because of its ability to clearly evaluate all stages of spermatogenesis. These data demonstrate that TP cytopathology of the testes in our experience has an excellent correlation with both normal testicular biopsies and those showing pathological spermatogenesis, and in rare cases may provide added benefit in evaluating the presence of spermatogenesis for male infertility. Albeit uncommon, cytopathologists may be required to identify and evaluate spermatogenic elements in cytology specimens being submitted from men with infertility.
Equilibrium State of a Pendant Drop with Inter-phase Layer
Authors: Shcherbakov Evgeni
Published: December 2011

We consider equilibrium state of axisymmetrical pendant drop taking into account intermediate layer. We show that the contact angle between drop’s surface and horizontal plane differs from the classical one and depends on the width of the layer and on the radii of the contact circle. When width of the layer is equal to zero our representation of the contact angle reduces to the classical one. We prove the existence of equilibrium forms of the axisymmetrical drops on the basis of the variational principle.
Limiting Vorticities for Superconducting Thin Films
Authors: Aydi Hassen
Published: December 2011

In the presence of applied magnetic fields

H_\epsilon

in the order of

H_{c_1}

the first critical field, we determine the limiting vorticities of the minimal Ginzburg-Landau energy in superconducting thin films having varying thickness.
Continuity and Differentiability of Multivalued Superposition Operators with Atoms and Parameters I
Authors: Väth Martin
Published: December 2011

For a given single- or multivalued function

f

and “atoms”

S_i

, let

S_f(\lambda,x)

be the set of all measurable selections of the function

s\mapsto f(\lambda,s,x(s))

which are constant on each

S_i

. Continuity and differentiability of such operators are studied in spaces of measurable functions containing ideal, Orlicz and

L_p

spaces with new results for the parameter-dependent case even for single-valued superposition operators without atoms. A motivation is to apply the results for variant of such maps

S_f

in Sobolev spaces in the second part of this article [Z. Anal. Anwend. 31 (2011) (to appear)].
Validade e confiabilidade na pesquisa qualitativa em administração
Authors: Paiva Júnior Fernando Gomes de , Leão André Luiz Maranhão de Souza , Mello Sérgio Carvalho Benício de
Published: December 2011

O uso da pesquisa qualitativa tem crescido na academia de Administração. No entanto, entendemos que para sua melhor utilização seja necessário se discutir seus princípios de validade e confiabilidade. Com base nisto, este texto se inicia com uma discussão acerca de aspectos epistemológicos e éticos associados ao uso da pesquisa qualitativa. Depois, discutimos os diferentes tipos de critérios de validade e confiabilidade pertinentes à pesquisa qualitativa. Finalmente, tais critérios são apresentados. Esta lógica é aplicada ao campo da Administração. Para concluir, chamamos atenção para a relevância da presente discussão e destacamos que esta seja fundamental para a credibilidade da pesquisa qualitativa no campo da Administração, uma vez que este é dominado pelo paradigma positivista.