bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wei Ren Anti-Wart Formula combined with photodynamic therapy for Condyloma acuminate: a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group trial
Authors: Yang ShiYan , Hua Liang , Guo Dongjie , Wang Yifei , Wei Xuqiang , Li Fulun
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Condyloma acuminate (CA) is a chronic disease with a high rate of recurrence which has a detrimental impact on patients’ physical and mental health, as well as their quality of life and socioeconomic advancement. Photodynamic therapy is a less invasive and selective intervention for CA, but its safety and high price limit its utilization. Wei Ren Anti-Wart Formula (WRAWF), is a promising Chinese medicine for CA, however, the evidence of its effectiveness and safety is scarcely. This trial aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness, safety, and recurrence management of WRAWF combined with photodynamic in the CA patients.

Methods and analysis

A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group trial was designed. Participants will recruit in the Yue Yang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 1, 2024, to December 31, 2025. The sample size is 148 CA patients (74 in each group), will randomly divide into the trial and control groups. followed up at weeks 6, 10, and 14 after the 2-week treatment period. The recurrence rate will be set as the primary outcome. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of pain, the rate of infection, superficial scarring, and the type, severity, and incidence of adverse events will be carefully documented at 0,1,2,6,10,14 weeks.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial has approved by the Ethics Committee of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 2023-023). Meanwhile, informed consent was provided by all patients conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2300071609;www.chictr.org.cn;Registered on April19, 2023(first version).
Estimating the Effect of PrEP in Black Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Framework to Utilize Data from Multiple Non-Randomized Studies to Estimate Causal Effects
Authors: Meisner Allison , Xia Fan , Chan Kwun C.G. , Mayer Kenneth , Wheeler Darrell , Zangeneh Sahar , Donnell Deborah
Published: January 2024

Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately burdened by the HIV epidemic in the US. The effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV infection has been demonstrated through randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials in several populations. Importantly, no such trial has been conducted exclusively among Black MSM in the US, and it would be unethical and infeasible to do so now. To estimate the causal effects of PrEP access, initiation, and adherence on HIV risk, we utilized causal inference methods to combine data from two non-randomized studies that exclusively enrolled Black MSM. The estimated relative risks of HIV were: (i) 0.52 (95% confidence interval: 0.21, 1.22) for individuals with versus without PrEP access, (ii) 0.48 (0.12, 0.89) for individuals who initiated PrEP but were not adherent versus those who did not initiate, and (iii) 0.23 (0.02, 0.80) for individuals who were adherent to PrEP versus those who did not initiate. Beyond addressing the knowledge gap around the effect of PrEP in Black MSM in the US, which may have ramifications for public health, we have provided a framework to combine data from multiple non-randomized studies to estimate causal effects, which has broad utility.
scRNA-seq reveals persistent aberrant differentiation of nasal epithelium driven by TNFα and TGFβ in post-COVID syndrome
Authors: Fähnrich A. , Reddy K.D. , Ott F. , Maluje Y. , Saurabh R. , Schaaf A. , Winkelmann S. , Voß B. , Laudien M. , Bahmer T. , Heyckendorf Jan , Brinkmann F. , Schreiber S. , Lieb W. , Weckmann M. , Busch H.
Published: January 2024

Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) currently affects approximately 3-17% of people following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and has the potential to become a significant global health burden. PCS presents with various symptoms, and methods for improved PCS assessment are presently developed to guide therapy. Nevertheless, there are few mechanistic insights and treatment options. Here, we performed single-cell RNA transcriptomics on nasal biopsies from 33 patients suffering from PCS with mild, moderate, or severe symptoms. We identified 17 different cell clusters representing 12 unique cell populations, including all major epithelial cell types of the conducting airways and basal, secretory, and ciliated cells. Severe PCS was associated with decreased numbers of ciliated cells and the presence of immune cells. Ensuing inflammatory signaling upregulated TGFβ and induced an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which led to the high abundance of basal cells and a mis-stratified epithelium. We confirmed the resultsin vitrousing an air-liquid interface culture and validated TNFα as the causal inflammatory cytokine. In summary, our results show that one mechanism for sustained PCS is not through continued viral load, but through the presence of immune cells in nasal tissue leading to impaired mucosal barrier function and repeated infections. These findings could be further explored as a therapeutic option akin to other chronic inflammatory diseases by inhibiting the TNFα-TGFβ axis, restoring the nasal epithelium, and reducing respiratory tract-related infections.
Pathways to mental health services across local health systems in sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from a Systematic Review
Authors: Williams Samuel Adeyemi , Baldeh Mamadu , Bah Abdulai Jawo , Robinson Dimbintsoa Rakotomalala , Adeniyi Yetunde C.
Published: January 2024

Mental illnesses significantly affect patients, families, and their communities. The different pathways to care, both formal and informal, influenced the timing and appropriate care. This literature review identifies pathways to access mental health services and suggests a collaborative model for mental health care across sub-Saharan Africa. We systematically searched multiple databases for studies reporting on primary qualitative and quantitative studies on pathways to mental healthcare services across Sub-Saharan Africa. Descriptive analysis of pathway stages was done according to Goldberg and Huxley’s ’model of Levels and Filters’. Overall, twenty-nine We included 29 studies in the final review. Biomedical services were the preferred treatment option. The majority (70%) used traditional and religious healers as the first point of mental health care. The median duration for the delay in seeking treatment in a health facility was six and fifty-four months. Patients who sought care from traditional and faith healers were found to have experienced the most prolonged delay without treatment. This study emphasizes that the call for collaboration between the two care systems can no longer be ignored. A proposed new model for collaboration between biomedical and traditional /faith healers that focuses on education and adopting a new referral framework.
Intestinal interstitial fluid isolation provides novel insight into the human host-microbiome interface
Authors: Avery Ellen G. , Haag Lea-Maxie , McParland Victoria , Kedziora Sarah M. , Zigra Gabriel J. , Valdes Daniela S. , Kirchner Marieluise , Popp Oliver , Geisberger Sabrina , Nonn Olivia , Karlsen Tine V. , N’Diaye Gabriele , Yarritu Alex , Bartolomaeus Hendrik , Bartolomaeus Theda U.P. , Wimmer Moritz I. , Haase Nadine , Wilhelm Andreas , Grütz Gerald , Tenstad Olav , Wilck Nicola , Forslund Sofia K. , Klopfleisch Robert , Kühl Anja A. , Atreya Raja , Kempa Stefan , Mertins Philipp , Siegmund Britta ,   TRR241 IBDome Consortium, Wiig Helge , Müller Dominik N.
Published: January 2024

Aims

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is composed of distinct subregions which exhibit segment-specific differences in microbial colonization and (patho)physiological characteristics. Gut microbes can be collectively considered as an active endocrine organ. Microbes produce metabolites, which can be taken up by the host and can actively communicate with the immune cells in the gut lamina propria with consequences for cardiovascular health. Variation in bacterial load and composition along the GI tract may influence the mucosal microenvironment and thus be reflected its interstitial fluid (IF). Characterization of the segment-specific microenvironment is challenging and largely unexplored because of lack of available tools.

Method and Results

Here, we developed methods, namely tissue centrifugation and elution, to collect IF from the mucosa of different intestinal segments. These methods were first validated in rats and mice, and the tissue elution method was subsequently translated for use in humans. These new methods allowed us to quantify microbiota-derived metabolites, mucosa-derived cytokines, and proteins at their site-of-action. Quantification of short-chain fatty acids showed enrichment in the colonic IF. Metabolite and cytokine analyses revealed differential abundances within segments, often significantly increased compared to plasma, and proteomics revealed that proteins annotated to the extracellular phase were site-specifically identifiable in IF and were differentially expressed when compared to matched serum, all suggesting local synthesis.

Conclusion

Collection of IF from defined segments and the direct measurement of mediators at the site-of-action in rodents and humans bypasses the limitations of indirect analysis of fecal samples or serum, providing direct insight into this understudied compartment.
Observing magnetoanisotropic weak antilocalization in near-surface quantum wells
Authors: Farzaneh S. M. , Hatefipour Mehdi , Schiela William F. , Lotfizadeh Neda , Yu Peng , Elfeky Bassel Heiba , Strickland William M. , Matos-Abiague Alex , Shabani Javad
Published: January 2024

We investigate the effects of an in-plane magnetic field on the weak antilocalization signature of near-surface quantum wells lacking bulk and inversion symmetry. The measured magnetoconductivity, which is conductivity as a function of the out-of-plane magnetic field, exhibits a strong anisotropy with respect to the direction of the in-plane magnetic field. The twofold symmetry of the observed magnetoanisotropy originates from the competition between Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings. The high sensitivity of the weak antilocalization to the spin texture produced by the combined Zeeman and spin-orbit fields results in very large anisotropy ratios, reaching 100%. Using a semiclassical universal model in quantitative agreement with the experimental data, we uniquely determine the values of the Dresselhaus and Rashba parameters as well as the effective in-plane g-factor of the electrons. Understanding these parameters provides prospects for different applications ranging from spintronics to topological quantum computing.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Arrhenius temperature dependence of the crystallization time of deeply supercooled liquids
Authors: Takaha Yuki , Mizuno Hideyuki , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: January 2024

Usually, supercooled liquids and glasses are thermodynamically unstable against crystallization. Classical nucleation theory (CNT) has been used to describe the crystallization dynamics of supercooled liquids. However, recent studies on overcompressed hard spheres show that their crystallization dynamics are intermittent and mediated by avalanchelike rearrangements of particles, which largely differ from the CNT. These observations suggest that the crystallization times of deeply supercooled liquids or glasses cannot be described by the CNT. However, this point has not yet been studied in detail and this situation leads to a lack of understanding of glass-forming ability. In this paper, we use molecular dynamics simulations to study the crystallization dynamics of soft spheres just after an instantaneous quench. We show that although the equilibrium relaxation time increases in a super-Arrhenius manner with decreasing temperature, the crystallization time shows an Arrhenius temperature dependence at very low temperatures. This is contrary to the conventional formula based on the CNT. Furthermore, the estimated energy barrier for the crystallization is surprisingly small compared to that for the equilibrium dynamics. By comparing the crystallization and aging dynamics quantitatively, we show that a coupling between aging and crystallization is the key for understanding the rapid crystallization of deeply supercooled liquids or glasses.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Spatiotemporal control of two-color terahertz generation
Authors: Simpson T. T. , Pigeon J. J. , Ambat M. V. , Miller K. G. , Ramsey D. , Weichman K. , Froula D. H. , Palastro J. P.
Published: January 2024

A laser pulse composed of a fundamental and properly phased second harmonic exhibits an asymmetric electric field that can drive a time-dependent current of photoionized electrons. The current produces an ultrashort burst of terahertz (THz) radiation. When driven by a conventional laser pulse, the THz radiation is emitted into a cone with an angle determined by the dispersion of the medium. Here we demonstrate that the programmable-velocity intensity peak of a spatiotemporally structured, two-color laser pulse can be used to control the emission angle, focal spot, and spectrum of the THz radiation. Of particular interest for applications, a structured pulse with a subluminal intensity peak can drive highly focusable, on-axis THz radiation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
The behavior of strengthened RC beams under pure torsion using NSM-CFRP rope
Authors: Ashteyat Ahmed , Obaidat Ala Taleb , Obeidat Yasmeen Taleb , Bani Awwad Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The paper aims to introduces an experimental work to investigate the torsional behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened by near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) ropes.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, nine rectangular RC beams of 250 mm × 300 mm cross-section and 1,600 mm in length were constructed and tested considering the studied parameters. These parameters include the length of the CFRP rope, the orientation of the CFRP rope, the arrangement of longitudinal and the scheme of NSM-CFRP ropes.

Findings

In comparison to control specimens, the results demonstrate a considerable improvement in the torsional response of RC beams strengthened with the CFRP rope. Additionally, specimens strengthened with 90° vertical ropes increase torsional moment capacity more efficiently than specimens strengthened with 45° inclined ropes since the stress concentration leads to premature debonding of the CFRP rope. Whereas RC beams' ability to withstand torsional moments is reduced as the distance between reinforcing CFRP ropes is increased. According to test results, adding CFRP ropes to RC beams' bottoms had a slightly positive impact on torsional response.

Originality/value

This paper fulfills an identified need to study how the using of the CFRP rope is effective in strengthening RC beam subjected to torsion moment.
Secondary school teachers' beliefs and needs about hikikomori and social withdrawn students
Authors: Concina Eleonora , Frate Sara , Biasutti Michele
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Hikikomori is a multidimensional condition, characterized by voluntarily social withdrawal, impacting the relational dimension of life. The current study aims to examine secondary school teachers' beliefs, knowledge and needs on hikikomori and students' social withdrawal.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative method consisting of a semi-structured interview is adopted with 22 Italian secondary school teachers. The interview questions are focused on the beliefs, the profile, the conditions and the role of the school for adolescents socially retired.

Findings

Data are analysed using content analysis based on the grounded theory framework. Forty-nine codes emerged from the inductive analysis, which were sorted into the following categories: (1) Characteristics of hikikomori and social withdrawal; (2) Origin, causes and consequences; (3) Sources of information; (4) Socio-relational modalities; (5) Teachers' needs and role of the school. Teachers are aware of the educational issues and risks related to hikikomori and claim for more institutional support. Teachers reconsider the way of working in class for preventing the risk of self-isolation, supporting the development of social and emotional skills, and encouraging collaboration and positive exchanges among students. Participants mention a personalized student-centred method where families and external agencies support the school system.

Originality/value

Although several clinical and psychological interventions have been developed for treating the hikikomori’s self-isolation and concomitant mental disorders, few plans have been implemented for reducing the risk of adolescents' social withdrawal. Preventing hikikomori is crucial as well as to investigate the role and the needs of school teachers, and the current study has tried to explore these.
Street-level bureaucrats in the professional context of primary care social services in Spain
Authors: Sánchez-Castiñeira Sergio
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to identify the street-level approaches of professional workers in complex public social service organisations when attending to social assistance claimants.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a multifaceted approach comprising documentary analysis, semi-structured individual interviews (17) and focus group discussions (8) with qualified frontline social workers from primary care social services in Tarragona.

Findings

Social workers embodied three specific sets of cognitive, normative and emotional dispositions when attending to people with low incomes. First, the compassionate approach conceives clients as defensive regarding social services and emotionally vulnerable because of deprivation. Second, the instructional approach frames clients as being baffled by a new, precarious, institutional and economic context. They also lack information, abilities and the proper mindset to conceive of and attain available welfare and occupational resources. Third, the enforcement approach tends to define clients as suspicious, trying to obtain an excessive and unfair advantage of the welfare system that would eventually hamper their social opportunities.

Originality/value

Research thus far has tended to define public social assistance programmes in Southern welfare state contexts as mostly inefficient and hardly relevant residual social policies. The street-level approach shows that social workers try to resist the mere administrative processing of benefits, which is a professionally troubling and organisationally unsustainable way to proceed. They attempt to help clients by providing inclusive content in order to implement their benefits.
Theorizing Islamic entrepreneurship from an Islamic governance perspective
Authors: Tarip Iznan
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Research on Islamic entrepreneurship (IE) is growing but with difficulty. After reviewing six IE models, several problematic inconsistencies were identified, which can be categorized into three: sporadic objectives of IE, diverging core components and inconsistent levels of analysis. This study aims to articulate a synthesized IE model.

Design/methodology/approach

An Islamic critical realist synthesis is used by combining six IE models and situating them within an Islamic system of governance. Specifically, the Islamic governance conceptual matrix is used to offer an objective template.

Findings

A synthesized model of IE within an Islamic system of governance comprises the following: the objectives of IE are not to be confined to only financial sustainability, but to achieve all five Maqās.id of the Sharī’ah (i.e. preservation and promotion of faith, life, intellect, posterity and wealth); models of IE should cover the individual, group, organizational, societal, state and international levels for comprehensiveness; tawhīd is crucial to distinguish between IE and conventional entrepreneurship; halal IE activities can be further categorized into obligatory, recommended, permissible and reprehensible; Islamic values are to be differentiated from cultural values; and both Islamic and cultural values shape IE and vice versa.

Research limitations/implications

Limited number of models of IE were included in this synthesis. Although the resulting synthesized model is extensive, additional models of IE can be built to extend or even challenge it.

Originality/value

A novel model of IE within an Islamic system of governance is presented.
Joint torque prediction of industrial robots based on PSO-LSTM deep learning
Authors: Xiao Wei , Fu Zhongtao , Wang Shixian , Chen Xubing
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Because of the key role of joint torque in industrial robots (IRs) motion performance control and energy consumption calculation and efficiency optimization, the purpose of this paper is to propose a deep learning torque prediction method based on long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO), which can accurately predict the the joint torque.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed model optimized the LSTM with PSO algorithm to accurately predict the IRs joint torque. The authors design an excitation trajectory for ABB 1600–10/145 experimental robot and collect its relative dynamic data. The LSTM model was trained with the experimental data, and PSO was used to find optimal number of LSTM nodes and learning rate, then a torque prediction model is established based on PSO-LSTM deep learning method. The novel model is used to predict the robot’s six joint torque and the root mean error squares of the predicted data together with least squares (LS) method were comparably studied.

Findings

The predicted joint torque value by PSO-LSTM deep learning approach is highly overlapped with those from real experiment robot, and the error is quite small. The average square error between the predicted joint torque data and experiment data is 2.31 N.m smaller than that with the LS method. The accuracy of the novel PSO-LSTM learning method for joint torque prediction of IR is proved.

Originality/value

PSO and LSTM model are deeply integrated for the first time to predict the joint torque of IR and the prediction accuracy is verified.
Unlocking the full potential of reality capture for construction project cost monitoring: a mixed review
Authors: Fobiri Godfred , Musonda Innocent , Muleya Franco
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Digital data acquisition is crucial for operations in the digital transformation era. Reality capture (RC) has made an immeasurable contribution to various fields, especially in the built environment. This paper aims to review RC applications, potentials, limitations and the extent to which RC can be adopted for cost monitoring of construction projects.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method approach, using Bibliometric analysis and the PRISMA framework, was used to review and analyse 112 peer-reviewed journal articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases.

Findings

The study reveals RC has been applied in various areas in the built environment, but health and safety, cost and labour productivity monitoring have received little or no attention. It is proposed that RC can significantly support cost monitoring owing to its ability to acquire accurate and quick digital as-built 3D point cloud data, which contains rich measurement points for the valuation of work done.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s conclusions are based only on the Scopus and Web of Science data sets. Only English language documents were approved, whereas others may be in other languages. The research is a non-validation of findings using empirical data to confirm the data obtained from RC literature.

Practical implications

This paper highlights the importance of RC for cost monitoring in construction projects, filling knowledge gaps and enhancing project outcomes.

Social implications

The implementation of RC in the era of the digital revolution has the potential to improve project delivery around the world today. Every project’s success is largely determined by the availability of precise and detailed digital data. RC applications have pushed for more sustainable design, construction and operations in the built environment.

Originality/value

The study has given research trends on the extent of RC applications, potentials, limitations and future directions.
Building a knowledge sharing climate amid shadows of sabotage: a microfoundational perspective into job satisfaction and knowledge sabotage
Authors: Perotti Francesco Antonio , Rozsa Zoltan , Kuděj Michal , Ferraris Alberto
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Drawing on the microfoundations theory and rational choice sociology, this study aims to investigate knowledge-sharing microfoundations through knowledge sabotage behaviours in the workplace. As such, it aims to shed light on the adverse impact of knowledge sabotage on a knowledge-sharing climate.

Design/methodology/approach

As a quantitative deductive study, it is based on information collected from 329 employees of European companies by self-administered online surveys. Data validity and reliability has been assessed through a confirmatory factor analysis, and data analysis was carried out by using a covariance-based structural equation modelling technique.

Findings

The findings from the empirical investigation supported the baseline hypotheses of the multilevel conceptual model, which is the positive relationship between organizational trust and environmental knowledge sharing. Then, recurring to a microfoundational exploration, this study supports the mediating indirect effect of job satisfaction and knowledge sabotage in affecting knowledge sharing as a social outcome.

Research limitations/implications

This study concurs to broaden knowledge-sharing awareness among scholars and practitioners, by focusing on knowledge sabotage as its most pernicious counterproductive behaviour. Furthermore, this research provides valuable guidance for the future development of research based on multilevel investigations.

Originality/value

This study builds on the need to explore the numerous factors that affect knowledge sharing in economic organizations, specifically focusing on knowledge sabotage. Adapting Coleman’s bathtub, the authors advance the first multilevel conceptual model used to unveil the knowledge-sharing microfoundations from the perspective of a counterproductive knowledge behaviour.
Optimizing routes of municipal waste collection: an application algorithm
Authors: Ferrão Caroline Cipolatto , Moraes Jorge André Ribas , Fava Leandro Pinto , Furtado João Carlos , Machado Enio , Rodrigues Adriane , Sellitto Miguel Afonso
Published: January 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to formulate an algorithm designed to discern the optimal routes for efficient municipal solid waste (MSW) collection.

Design/methodology/approach

The research method is simulation. The proposed algorithm combines heuristics derived from the constructive genetic algorithm (CGA) and tabu search (TS). The algorithm is applied in a municipality located at Southern Brazil, with 40,000 inhabitants, circa.

Findings

The implementation achieved a remarkable 25.44% reduction in daily mileage of the vehicles, resulting in savings of 150.80 km/month and 1,809.60 km/year. Additionally, it reduced greenhouse gas emissions (including fossil CO2, CH4, N2O, total CO2e and biogenic CO2) by an average of 26.15%. Moreover, it saved 39 min of daily working time.

Research limitations/implications

Further research should thoroughly analyze the feasibility of decision-making regarding planning, scheduling and scaling municipal services using digital technology.

Practical implications

The municipality now has a tool to improve public management, mainly related with municipal solid waste. The municipality reduced the cost of public management of municipal solid waste, redirecting funds to other priorities, such as public health and education.

Originality/value

The study integrates MSW collection service with an online platform based on Google MapsTM. The advantages of employing geographical information systems are agility, low cost, adaptation to changes and accuracy.
Experimental investigation of mechanical and comfort properties of banana/cotton blended woven fabrics
Authors: Kharbanda Amanpreet Kaur , Dasarathan Kamal Raj , Sinha S.K. , Senthil Kumar T. , Senthil Kumar B.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Through this study, four different types of woven fabric structures were created by using cotton/banana blends with a 70:30 ratio by varying the weaving specifications. This study aims to investigate the comfort and mechanical properties of these woven materials.

Design/methodology/approach

Taguchi L16 experimental design (5 factors and 4 levels) with response surface methodology tool was used to optimize mechanical and comfort characteristics. The yarn samples used in this study are cotton/banana with a blend ratio of 70:30. Fabric type (A), grams per square metre (GSM; B), yarn count (C), fabric thickness (D) and cloth cover factor (E) are the chosen process characteristics.

Findings

The highest tensile strength and tearing strength of the cotton/banana blended fabric samples were obtained as 326.3 N and 90.3 k.gf/cm, respectively. Similarly, the highest thermal conductivity and overall moisture management capacity values were found to be 0.6628 and 3.06 W/mK X10−4, respectively. The optimized process parameters for obtaining maximum mechanical properties were using canvas fabric structure, 182 GSM, 36s Ne yarn count, 0.48 mm fabric thickness and 23.5 cloth cover factor. Similarly, the optimized process parameters for obtaining maximum comfort properties were achieved using a twill fabric structure, 182 GSM, 32s Ne yarn count, 0.4 mm fabric thickness and 23 cloth cover factor.

Originality/value

In contrast to synthetic fabrics, banana fibre and its blended materials are significant ecological solutions for apparel and functional clothing. Products made from banana fibre are a sustainable and green alternative to conventional fabrics. Banana fibre obtained from the pseudostem of the plant has an appearance similar to ramie and bamboo fibres. Numerous studies showed that banana fibre could absorb significant moisture and be spun into yarn through ring and rotor spinning technology. On the other hand, this fibre can be easily combined with cotton, jute, wool and synthetic fibre. The present utilization of pseudostem of banana plant fibre is very minimal. This type of research improves the usability of bananas their blended fabrics as apparel and functional wear.
Multi-layers deep learning model with feature selection for automated detection and classification of highway pavement cracks
Authors: Elghaish Faris , Matarneh Sandra , Abdellatef Essam , Rahimian Farzad , Hosseini M. Reza , Farouk Kineber Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Cracks are prevalent signs of pavement distress found on highways globally. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) for crack detection is increasingly considered as an optimal solution. Consequently, this paper introduces a novel, fully connected, optimised convolutional neural network (CNN) model using feature selection algorithms for the purpose of detecting cracks in highway pavements.

Design/methodology/approach

To enhance the accuracy of the CNN model for crack detection, the authors employed a fully connected deep learning layers CNN model along with several optimisation techniques. Specifically, three optimisation algorithms, namely adaptive moment estimation (ADAM), stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM), and RMSProp, were utilised to fine-tune the CNN model and enhance its overall performance. Subsequently, the authors implemented eight feature selection algorithms to further improve the accuracy of the optimised CNN model. These feature selection techniques were thoughtfully selected and systematically applied to identify the most relevant features contributing to crack detection in the given dataset. Finally, the authors subjected the proposed model to testing against seven pre-trained models.

Findings

The study's results show that the accuracy of the three optimisers (ADAM, SGDM, and RMSProp) with the five deep learning layers model is 97.4%, 98.2%, and 96.09%, respectively. Following this, eight feature selection algorithms were applied to the five deep learning layers to enhance accuracy, with particle swarm optimisation (PSO) achieving the highest F-score at 98.72. The model was then compared with other pre-trained models and exhibited the highest performance.

Practical implications

With an achieved precision of 98.19% and F-score of 98.72% using PSO, the developed model is highly accurate and effective in detecting and evaluating the condition of cracks in pavements. As a result, the model has the potential to significantly reduce the effort required for crack detection and evaluation.

Originality/value

The proposed method for enhancing CNN model accuracy in crack detection stands out for its unique combination of optimisation algorithms (ADAM, SGDM, and RMSProp) with systematic application of multiple feature selection techniques to identify relevant crack detection features and comparing results with existing pre-trained models.
Effectiveness of LEP activities in enhancing EFL students' oral communication skills at King Khalid University
Authors: Mahdi Dawood Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of Language Enhancement Program (LEP) activities in enhancing the oral communication skills of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students at King Khalid University.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method study design was used. Simple random sampling techniques were adopted to recruit the study participants. For the survey, a total of 58 male students were recruited and for interviews, 20 male students were selected. The 58 participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The traditional method was adopted to teach the control group, while LEP activities were conducted to teach the experimental group.

Findings

A post-test was conducted to examine the oral communication skills of the participants of the experimental group. The scores of both groups were analyzed using a t-test value at a significant level of 0.05. The content analysis method was adopted to assess the enhancement of the oral communication of the students enrolled in the LEP. The questionnaires and interview results showed that the LEP program has a central focus on improving students' oral communication skills.

Research limitations/implications

It is limited to the EFL students at King Khalid University.

Practical implications

LEP is a good program and can be implemented in Saudi Universities.

Social implications

Students can interact with one another through the LEP activities that promote their English proficiency as well as their personality characteristics.

Originality/value

The paper spells out the role of LEP activities in improving students' oral communication in English and students' opinions about LEP activities in enhancing their English language in different types of communicative contexts. Further, it suggests some pedagogical implications for overcoming the difficulties faced by EFL students in various communicative contexts.
Talent management and employee ambidexterity: the moderating role of learning organization
Authors: Akbar Hinadi , Anas Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the influence of the talent management (TM) process on employee ambidexterity (EA) and the moderating role of learning organizations in Indian IT and ITes organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is descriptive and based on empirical data from 390 IT and ITES employees from India. Data were collected using three valid and reliable questionnaires. Data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling.

Findings

The findings show that the TM process significantly impacted EA. The moderating effects of the four dimensions of learning organization (LO) on the relationship between the TM process and EA were also noteworthy, even though no direct association was found to be significant. Regarding demographic variables, male and female employees do not vary considerably in their perception of TM process and EA in LO.

Originality/value

The study’s novelty lies in creating and discussing a synthesis of exploration and exploitation stemming from EA in learning organization.
Learning from coproducing digital courses in sexual health in higher education in Norway
Authors: Areskoug Josefsson Kristina , Lunde Gerd Hilde
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Sexual health is insufficiently addressed in health care and higher education, which can lead to lower quality of life and negative health outcomes. To improve the situation, it is necessary to address both the needs of patients and professionals and collaboratively engage in finding sustainable solutions. The purpose of this paper is to explore the feasibility and value of large-scale digital coproduction in higher education.

Design/methodology/approach

A study of a project that developed seven interprofessional, digital master-level courses covering different topics related to sexual health. The project was performed through digital coproduction in higher education, with over 100 persons with various backgrounds working together online in designing content and novel digital learning activities.

Findings

Large-scale digital coproduction in higher education is feasible and valuable, but the process demands sensitive leadership, understanding of coproduction processes and willingness to learn from each other. To meet the demands from practice it is important to understand the complexity, ever-changing and unpredictable working life changes which, in turn, demands engagement in continuous learning, training activities and the need for formal education.

Originality/value

The study provides learning of the feasibility of the value of large-scale digital coproduction in higher education, which is a novel way of working in higher education.
What do stances on immigrants' welfare entitlement mean? Evidence from a correlational class analysis
Authors: Lindner Thijs , Daenekindt Stijn , de Koster Willem , van der Waal Jeroen
Published: January 2024

Recent in‐depth qualitative research indicates that different people ascribe different meanings to their apparently similar stances on immigrants' entitlement to welfare. We are the first to investigate such variation quantitatively among the public‐at‐large, applying the novel method Correlational Class Analysis to an original survey fielded among a representative sample in the Netherlands (n = 2138). We uncover five ways of looking at immigrants' entitlement to welfare, each including both people who oppose that entitlement and those who support it. People who adhere to these different viewpoints substantially differ when it comes to income, education, religious denomination, and political preference. We interpret these unique findings and discuss them in relation to the extant literature on welfare chauvinism. Moreover, uncovering what people's stances regarding immigrants' entitlement to welfare mean not only advances the scholarly debate on welfare chauvinism, but also provides a stepping stone for meaning‐oriented sociological research on public opinion more generally.
China's role in our global economy: Contributions from generalized trade
Authors: Liu Yong
Published: January 2024

As the world's second largest economy, China plays an important role in our global trade. As a rule, however, more attention is paid to trade in barter or currency form rather than to virtual modes, such as virtual‐water, ‐energy, ‐land, and‐labor trade, in spite of the fact that the latte can also be crucial. Previous studies focused on one single form and could not get a comprehensive understanding of trade. A term of generalized trade was applied when taking all these trades into consideration. This paper aimed to investigate China's role in our global trade under the generalized trade framework. Results indicate that China has been not only the largest physical trader but also one of the largest virtual traders, and its role has been even more essential than expected when considering both physical and virtual trade. In practice, generalized trade would occur in other economies, which should shift additional attention from traditional physical trade to generalized trade when building our community with a shared future for mankind.
Bacteriocins: Curial guardians of gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Gu Qing , Yan Jiaqian , Lou Yeqing , Zhang Zihao , Li Yonglu , Zhu Zichun , Liu Manman , Wu Danli , Liang Ying , Pu Jiaqian , Zhao Xiaodan , Xiao Hang , Li Ping
Published: January 2024

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome secretes various metabolites that play pivotal roles in maintaining host physiological balance and influencing disease progression. Among these metabolites, bacteriocins—small, heat‐stable peptides synthesized by ribosomes—are notably prevalent in the GI region. Their multifaceted benefits have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. This review comprehensively explores the methods for mining bacteriocins (traditional separation and purification, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence), their effects on the stomach and intestines, and their complex bioactive mechanisms. These mechanisms include flora regulation, biological barrier restoration, and intervention in epithelial cell pathways. By detailing each well‐documented bacteriocin, we reveal the diverse ways in which bacteriocins interact with the GI environment. Moreover, the future research direction is prospected. By further studying the function and interaction of intestinal bacteriocins, we can discover new pharmacological targets and develop drugs targeting intestinal bacteriocins to regulate and improve human health. It provides innovative ideas and infinite possibilities for further exploration, development, and utilization of bacteriocins. The inevitable fact is that the continuously exploration of bacteriocins is sure to bring the promising future for demic GI health understanding and interference strategy.
Assessment of contrast intravasation in patients investigated by fluoroscopic hysterosalpingograms: A two‐year retrospective audit in Western Australia
Authors: Chia Ci Yue , Lee Emmeline
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Intravasation on hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is defined by the flow of injected contrast from the uterine cavity into adjacent myometrial vessels. Evidence suggests intravasation can result in consequences such as pulmonary and cerebral embolisms. However, adverse events are poorly reported across published studies. Reported intravasation ranges from 0.0% to 13%, with higher rates attributed to oil‐soluble contrast medium (OSCM) use. Recent reviews of OSCM's fertility‐enhancing benefits have prompted rapid clinical uptake by fertility specialists worldwide. This instigates increased concern for intravasation and its associated sequelae. We aim to assess the prevalence of intravasation in fluoroscopic HSGs and its reporting in Western Australia (WA).

Methods

A two‐year retrospective analysis of all fluoroscopic HSGs in one public teaching hospital within WA was conducted. All HSGs were retrieved from the public radiology information system and a blinded method was utilised to verify the presence and grading of intravasation in captured HSG images. Grading of intravasation was attributed by anatomical spread: 1 to myometrium, 2 to parametrium and 3 to para‐iliac vessels. Results were subsequently compared with reported intravasation to assess for discrepancies.

Results

Of 308 successful HSGs, an intravasation rate of 7.1% was identified. Of these cases, 45% were reported and 32% were graded. Majority (73%) of intravasation events were classified as grade 1, with 9.0% and 18% of cases classified as grade 2 and 3, respectively.

Conclusion

Under‐reporting of intravasation emphasises a need for increased vigilance of radiologists. Standardised classification can provide interpretational consistency and should be considered to improve safety in future practice.
Volatile capture technology in sustainable anaesthetic practice: a narrative review
Authors: Gandhi J. , Barker K. , Cross S. , Goddard A. , Vaghela M. , Cooper A.
Published: January 2024

Anaesthetic practice contributes to climate change. Volatile capture technology, typically based on adsorption to a carbon‐ or silica‐based substrate, has the potential to mitigate some of the harmful effects of using halogenated hydrocarbons. Anaesthetists have a professional responsibility to use anaesthetic agents which offer the greatest safety and clinical benefit with the lowest financial cost and environmental impacts. Inhalational anaesthetics should be used at an appropriate concentration with a minimal fresh gas flow via a circle system to minimise unnecessary waste. Once practice efficiencies have been maximised, only then should technical solutions such as volatile capture be employed. In this narrative review, we focus on the available literature relating to volatile capture technology, obtained via a targeted literature search and through contacting manufacturers and researchers. We found six studies focusing on the Blue‐Zone Technologies Deltasorb®, SageTech Medical SID and Baxter/ZeoSys CONTRAfluran™ volatile capture systems. Though laboratory analyses of available systems suggest that > 95% in vitro mass transfer is possible for all three systems, the in vivo results for capture efficiency vary from 25% to 73%. Currently, there is no financial incentive for healthcare organisations to capture waste anaesthetic gases, and so the value of volatile capture technology requires quantification. System‐level organisations, such as Greener NHS, are best positioned to commission such evaluations and make policy decisions to guide investment. Further research using volatile capture technology in real‐world settings is necessary and we highlight some priority research questions to improve our understanding of the utility of this group of technologies.
The Nitrous Oxide Project: assessment of advocacy and national directives to deliver mitigation of anaesthetic nitrous oxide
Authors: Chakera A. , Harrison S. , Mitchell J. , Oliver C. , Ralph M. , Shelton C.
Published: January 2024

The environmental emissions attributed to anaesthetic nitrous oxide across the NHS are comparable to the carbon dioxide released by 135,000 flights from Frankfurt to New York. Much of these emissions are attributable to cumbersome and inadequately managed piped systems, resulting in excessive loss and waste. Since 2020, multiple hospital sites have been engaging with the Nitrous Oxide Project, a quality improvement method supporting a ‘lean systems’ approach to the provision of nitrous oxide. This review considers the frameworks supporting medical gas management in UK healthcare systems, and the impact of professional advocacy and medical gas stewardship to drive anaesthetic nitrous oxide mitigation in the NHS. Nitrous oxide mitigation efforts by grassroots and professional advocacy networks are enhanced through national centralised emission monitoring, distribution of data, technical information and provision of quality analysis. Given the climate harms of nitrous oxide, concerted efforts should be made to rationalise its use, and resources should be committed to supporting this at local, regional and national levels.