bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortal Ancestors, Immortal Images: Zhang Dai’s Biographical Portraits
Authors: Campbell Duncan M.
Published: September 2014

Towards the end of his long life, the prolific late-Ming historian and essayist Zhang Dai 張岱 (1597-?1684) completed a book that he had been working on for many years. Entitled Portraits of the Eminent and Worthy Immortals of Zhejiang During the Ming Dynasty (You Ming yuyue san bu xiu tuzan 有明於越三不朽名賢圖贊) the book included the short biographies (with poetic panegyrics) and portraits of 109 men and women of Zhang Dai’s hometown of Shaoxing, one of the epicentres of China’s élite cultural life. The book was organised according to the “Three Immortalities of Life”: moral force, meritorious service, and wise words. Zhang also included a number of his own friends and family members in this collection.

This paper discusses aspects the relationship between text and image in this late-imperial Chinese work, both in the context of Zhang Dai’s practice as a biographer who had a strong visual sense and in regard to his particular historical plight as someone who had survived the collapse of one dynasty and who had lived on under its successor regime.
Metal and Stone, Brush and Ink: Word as Source in the Art of Huang Binhong
Authors: Roberts Claire M.
Published: September 2014

Like many of his contemporaries, scholar-artist Huang Binhong (1865-1955) received a classical education with deep foundations in text-based historical learning that engendered creative expression in the form of painting, calligraphy and seal carving. While based on cultural traditions of the past, these scholarly arts were directed at experiencing the present and imagining the future. Calligraphy and painting may be understood as the living embodiment of the artist who is vitally connected to the historical past, whereas the printed impression of words or images carved into stone conveys ideas associated with authenticity, longevity and artistic completion. When combined in a brush-and-ink painting there is an interesting tension between the spiritual and temporal; the historical and contemporary. During his lifetime, Huang Binhong was highly regarded as a scholar, art historian, art editor, collector and connoisseur, as well as an artist. His multiple identities formed an integral part of his creative practice. This paper will discuss aspects of Huang Binhong’s life as a scholar, connoisseur-collector and artist, referring to his writings on seals, first published in the Journal of the National Essence (Guocui xuebao) and his involvement with the Shanghai-based art magazine National Glories of Cathay (Shenzhou guoguang ji). It will also analyse some of Huang’s paintings in which, through colophons, he makes a direct connection between the study of ancient inscriptions in bronze and stone and contemporary creativity. Through this example it is possible to reflect on ways that contemporary Chinese artists have drawn on the mutual interdependence of word and image to create compelling works of experimental art.
Organic aerosol concentration and composition over Europe: insights from comparison of regional model predictions with aerosol mass spectrometer factor analysis
Authors: Fountoukis C. , Megaritis A. G. , Skyllakou K. , Charalampidis P. E. , Pilinis C. , Denier van der Gon H. A. C. , Crippa M. , Canonaco F. , Mohr C. , Prévôt A. S. H. , Allan J. D. , Poulain L. , Petäjä T. , Tiitta P. , Carbone S. , Kiendler-Scharr A. , Nemitz E. , O'Dowd C. , Swietlicki E. , Pandis S. N.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. A detailed three-dimensional regional chemical transport model (Particulate Matter Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions, PMCAMx) was applied over Europe, focusing on the formation and chemical transformation of organic matter. Three periods representative of different seasons were simulated, corresponding to intensive field campaigns. An extensive set of AMS measurements was used to evaluate the model and, using factor-analysis results, gain more insight into the sources and transformations of organic aerosol (OA). Overall, the agreement between predictions and measurements for OA concentration is encouraging, with the model reproducing two-thirds of the data (daily average mass concentrations) within a factor of 2. Oxygenated OA (OOA) is predicted to contribute 93% to total OA during May, 87% during winter and 96% during autumn, with the rest consisting of fresh primary OA (POA). Predicted OOA concentrations compare well with the observed OOA values for all periods, with an average fractional error of 0.53 and a bias equal to −0.07 (mean error = 0.9 μg m−3, mean bias = −0.2 μg m−3). The model systematically underpredicts fresh POA at most sites during late spring and autumn (mean bias up to −0.8 μg m−3). Based on results from a source apportionment algorithm running in parallel with PMCAMx, most of the POA originates from biomass burning (fires and residential wood combustion), and therefore biomass burning OA is most likely underestimated in the emission inventory. The sensitivity of POA predictions to the corresponding emissions' volatility distribution is discussed. The model performs well at all sites when the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)-estimated low-volatility OOA is compared against the OA with saturation concentrations of the OA surrogate species C* ≤ 0.1 μg m−3 and semivolatile OOA against the OA with C* > 0.1 μg m−3.
Ecosystem fluxes of hydrogen: a comparison of flux-gradient methods
Authors: Meredith L. K. , Commane R. , Munger J. W. , Dunn A. , Tang J. , Wofsy S. C. , Prinn R. G.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Our understanding of biosphere–atmosphere exchange has been considerably enhanced by eddy covariance measurements. However, there remain many trace gases, such as molecular hydrogen (H2), that lack suitable analytical methods to measure their fluxes by eddy covariance. In such cases, flux-gradient methods can be used to calculate ecosystem-scale fluxes from vertical concentration gradients. The budget of atmospheric H2 is poorly constrained by the limited available observations, and thus the ability to quantify and characterize the sources and sinks of H2 by flux-gradient methods in various ecosystems is important. We developed an approach to make nonintrusive, automated measurements of ecosystem-scale H2 fluxes both above and below the forest canopy at the Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts, for over a year. We used three flux-gradient methods to calculate the fluxes: two similarity methods that do not rely on a micrometeorological determination of the eddy diffusivity, K, based on (1) trace gases or (2) sensible heat, and one flux-gradient method that (3) parameterizes K. We quantitatively assessed the flux-gradient methods using CO2 and H2O by comparison to their simultaneous independent flux measurements via eddy covariance and soil chambers. All three flux-gradient methods performed well in certain locations, seasons, and times of day, and the best methods were trace gas similarity for above the canopy and K parameterization below it. Sensible heat similarity required several independent measurements, and the results were more variable, in part because those data were only available in the winter, when heat fluxes and temperature gradients were small and difficult to measure. Biases were often observed between flux-gradient methods and the independent flux measurements, and there was at least a 26% difference in nocturnal eddy-derived net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and chamber measurements. H2 fluxes calculated in a summer period agreed within their uncertainty and pointed to soil uptake as the main driver of H2 exchange at Harvard Forest, with H2 deposition velocities ranging from 0.04 to 0.10 cm s−1.
Retrieval of sulfur dioxide from a ground-based thermal infrared imaging camera
Authors: Prata A. J. , Bernardo C.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Recent advances in uncooled detector technology now offer the possibility of using relatively inexpensive thermal (7 to 14 μm) imaging devices as tools for studying and quantifying the behaviour of hazardous gases and particulates in atmospheric plumes. An experimental fast-sampling (60 Hz) ground-based uncooled thermal imager (Cyclops), operating with four spectral channels at central wavelengths of 8.6, 10, 11 and 12 μm and one broadband channel (7–14 μm) has been tested at several volcanoes and at an industrial site, where SO2 was a major constituent of the plumes. This paper presents new algorithms, which include atmospheric corrections to the data and better calibrations to show that SO2 slant column density can be reliably detected and quantified. Our results indicate that it is relatively easy to identify and discriminate SO2 in plumes, but more challenging to quantify the column densities. A full description of the retrieval algorithms, illustrative results and a detailed error analysis are provided. The noise-equivalent temperature difference (NEΔT) of the spectral channels, a fundamental measure of the quality of the measurements, lies between 0.4 and 0.8 K, resulting in slant column density errors of 20%. Frame averaging and improved NEΔT's can reduce this error to less than 10%, making a stand-off, day or night operation of an instrument of this type very practical for both monitoring industrial SO2 emissions and for SO2 column densities and emission measurements at active volcanoes. The imaging camera system may also be used to study thermal radiation from meteorological clouds and the atmosphere.
Evaluation of a plot-scale methane emission model using eddy covariance observations and footprint modelling
Authors: Budishchev A. , Mi Y. , van Huissteden J. , Belelli-Marchesini L. , Schaepman-Strub G. , Parmentier F. J. W. , Fratini G. , Gallagher A. , Maximov T. C. , Dolman A. J.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Most plot-scale methane emission models – of which many have been developed in the recent past – are validated using data collected with the closed-chamber technique. This method, however, suffers from a low spatial representativeness and a poor temporal resolution. Also, during a chamber-flux measurement the air within a chamber is separated from the ambient atmosphere, which negates the influence of wind on emissions. Additionally, some methane models are validated by upscaling fluxes based on the area-weighted averages of modelled fluxes, and by comparing those to the eddy covariance (EC) flux. This technique is rather inaccurate, as the area of upscaling might be different from the EC tower footprint, therefore introducing significant mismatch. In this study, we present an approach to validate plot-scale methane models with EC observations using the footprint-weighted average method. Our results show that the fluxes obtained by the footprint-weighted average method are of the same magnitude as the EC flux. More importantly, the temporal dynamics of the EC flux on a daily timescale are also captured (r2 = 0.7). In contrast, using the area-weighted average method yielded a low (r2 = 0.14) correlation with the EC measurements. This shows that the footprint-weighted average method is preferable when validating methane emission models with EC fluxes for areas with a heterogeneous and irregular vegetation pattern.
Testing the performance of state-of-the-art dust emission schemes using DO4Models field data
Authors: Haustein K. , Washington R. , King J. , Wiggs G. , Thomas D. , Menut L.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Within the framework of the Dust Observations for Models (DO4Models) project, the performance of three commonly used dust emissions schemes is investigated in this paper using a box model environment. We constrain the model with field data (surface and dust particle properties as well as meteorological parameters) obtained from a dry lake bed with a crusted surface in Botswana during a three month period in 2011. Our box model results suggest that all schemes fail to reproduce the observed horizontal dust flux. They overestimate the magnitude of the flux by several orders of magnitude. The discrepancy is much smaller for the vertical dust emission flux, albeit still overestimated by up to an order of magnitude. The key parameter for this mismatch is the surface crusting which limits the availability of erosive material even at higher wind speeds. In contrast, direct dust entrainment was inferred to be important for several dust events, which explains the smaller gap between modelled and measured vertical dust fluxes. We conclude that both features, crusted surfaces and direct entrainment, need to be incorporated in dust emission schemes in order to represent the entire spectra of source processes. We also conclude that soil moisture exerts a key control on the shear velocity and hence the emission threshold of dust in the model. In the field, the state of the crust is the controlling mechanism for dust emission. Although the crust is related to the soil moisture content to some extent, we are not able to deduce a~robust correlation between state of crust and soil moisture.
Stochastic daily precipitation model with a heavy-tailed component
Authors: Neykov N. M. , Neytchev P. N. , Zucchini W.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Stochastic daily precipitation models are commonly used to generate scenarios of climate variability or change on a daily timescale. The standard models consist of two components describing the occurrence and intensity series, respectively. Binary logistic regression is used to fit the occurrence data, and the intensity series is modeled using a continuous-valued right-skewed distribution, such as gamma, Weibull or lognormal. The precipitation series is then modeled using the joint density, and standard software for generalized linear models can be used to perform the computations. A drawback of these precipitation models is that they do not produce a sufficiently heavy upper tail for the distribution of daily precipitation amounts; they tend to underestimate the frequency of large storms. In this study, we adapted the approach of Furrer and Katz (2008) based on hybrid distributions in order to correct for this shortcoming. In particular, we applied hybrid gamma–generalized Pareto (GP) and hybrid Weibull–GP distributions to develop a stochastic precipitation model for daily rainfall at Ihtiman in western Bulgaria. We report the results of simulations designed to compare the models based on the hybrid distributions and those based on the standard distributions. Some potential difficulties are outlined.
Use of historical information in extreme surge frequency estimation: case of the marine flooding on the La Rochelle site in France
Authors: Hamdi Y. , Bardet L. , Duluc C.-M. , Rebour V.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Nuclear power plants located in the French Atlantic coast are designed to be protected against extreme environmental conditions. The French authorities remain cautious by adopting a strict policy of nuclear plants flood prevention. Although coastal nuclear facilities in France are designed to very low probabilities of failure (e.g. 1000 year surge), exceptional surges (outliers induced by exceptional climatic events) had shown that the extreme sea levels estimated with the current statistical approaches could be underestimated. The estimation of extreme surges then requires the use of a statistical analysis approach having a more solid theoretical motivation. This paper deals with extreme surge frequency estimation using historical information (HI) about events occurred before the systematic record period. It also contributes to addressing the problem of the presence of outliers in data sets. The frequency models presented in the present paper have been quite successful in the field of hydrometeorology and river flooding but they have not been applied to sea levels data sets to prevent marine flooding. In this work, we suggest two methods of incorporating the HI: the Peaks-Over-Threshold method with HI (POTH) and the Block Maxima method with HI (BMH). Two kinds of historical data can be used in the POTH method: classical Historical Maxima (HMax) data, and Over a Threshold Supplementary (OTS) data. In both cases, the data are structured in historical periods and can be used only as complement to the main systematic data. On the other hand, in the BMH method, the basic hypothesis in statistical modeling of HI is that at least one threshold of perception exists for the whole period (historical and systematic) and that during a giving historical period preceding the period of tide gauging, only information about surges above this threshold have been recorded or archived. The two frequency models were applied to a case study from France, at the La Rochelle site where the storm Xynthia induced an outlier, to illustrate their potentials, to compare their performances and especially to analyze the impact of the use of HI on the extreme surge frequency estimation.
Biochar increases plant-available water in a sandy loam soil under an aerobic rice crop system
Authors: de Melo Carvalho M. T. , de Holanda Nunes Maia A. , Madari B. E. , Bastiaans L. , van Oort P. A. J. , Heinemann A. B. , Soler da Silva M. A. , Petter F. A. , Marimon Jr. B. H. , Meinke H.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of biochar rate (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha−1) on the water retention capacity (WRC) of a sandy loam Dystric Plinthosol. The applied biochar was a by-product of slow pyrolysis (∼450 °C) of eucalyptus wood, milled to pass through a 2000 μm sieve that resulted in a material with an intrinsic porosity ≤10 μm and a specific surface area of ∼3.2 m2 g−1. The biochar was incorporated into the top 15 cm of the soil under an aerobic rice system. Our study focused on both the effects on WRC and rice yields 2 and 3 years after its application. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from 16 plots in two soil layers (5–10 and 15–20 cm). Soil water retention curves were modelled using a nonlinear mixed model which appropriately accounts for uncertainties inherent of spatial variability and repeated measurements taken within a specific soil sample. We found an increase in plant-available water in the upper soil layer proportional to the rate of biochar, with about 0.8% for each Mg ha−1 biochar amendment 2 and 3 years after its application. The impact of biochar on soil WRC was most likely related to an effect in overall porosity of the sandy loam soil, which was evident from an increase in saturated soil moisture and macro porosity with 0.5 and 1.6% for each Mg ha−1 of biochar applied, respectively. The increment in soil WRC did not translate into an increase in rice yield, essentially because in both seasons the amount of rainfall during the critical period for rice production exceeded 650 mm. The use of biochar as a soil amendment can be a worthy strategy to guarantee yield stability under short-term water-limited conditions. Our findings raise the importance of assessing the feasibility of very high application rates of biochar and the inclusion of a detailed analysis of its physical and chemical properties as part of future investigations.
The effect of snow/sea ice type on the response of albedo and light penetration depth (e-folding depth) to increasing black carbon
Authors: Marks A. A. , King M. D.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The optical properties of snow/sea ice vary with age and by the processes they were formed, giving characteristic types of snow and sea ice. The response of albedo and light penetration depth (e-folding depth) to increasing mass ratio of black carbon is shown to depend on the snow and sea ice type and the thickness of the snow or sea ice. The response of albedo and e-folding depth of three different types of snow (cold polar snow, wind-packed snow and melting snow) and three sea ice (multi-year ice, first-year ice and melting sea ice) to increasing mass ratio of black carbon is calculated using a coupled atmosphere–snow/sea ice radiative-transfer model (TUV-snow), over the optical wavelengths of 300–800 nm. The snow and sea ice types are effectively defined by a scattering cross-section, density and asymmetry parameter. The relative change in albedo and e-folding depth of each of the three snow and three sea ice types with increasing mass ratio of black carbon is considered relative to a base case of 1 ng g−1 of black carbon. The relative response of each snow and sea ice type is intercompared to examine how different types of snow and sea ice respond relative to each other. The relative change in albedo of a melting snowpack is a factor of four more responsive to additions of black carbon compared to cold polar snow over a black carbon increase from 1 to 50 ng g−1, while the relative change in albedo of a melting sea ice is a factor of two more responsive to additions of black carbon compared to multi-year ice for the same increase in mass ratio of black carbon. The response of e-folding depth is effectively not dependent on snow/sea ice type. The albedo of sea ice is more responsive to increasing mass ratios of black carbon than snow.
Prosecutor v. Laurent Koudou Gbagbo: Judgment on the Appeal Against the Decision of Pre-Trial Chamber I on Jurisdiction and Stay of the Proceedings (Int’l. Crim. CT.)
Authors: Djalovski Inbal
Published: September 2014

On December 12, 2012, the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court (Court) in the case of Prosecutor v. Laurent Koudou Gbagbo unanimously confirmed the Pre-Trial Chamber I decision to dismiss Mr. Gbagbo’s challenge to the jurisdiction of the Court. In the Judgment, the Appeals Chamber, for the first time, was called to interpret Article 12(3) of the Rome Statute (Statute), which allows a non-party State to accept the jurisdiction of the Court on an ad hoc basis without acceding to the Statute. The Judgment further includes two procedural issues. Firstly, the Appeals Chamber found that although the Pre-Trial Chamber erred by not rendering a separate decision on Côte d’Ivoire’s request for leave to submit its observations, this error did not materially affect the Pre-Trial Chamber’s decision. Secondly, the Appeals Chamber dismissed, in limine, Mr. Gbagbo’s request for a stay of proceedings based on allegations of violations of his fundamental rights, since it was not jurisdictional in nature and thus fell outside the scope of the appealable matter.
Committee on the Rights of the Child Concluding Observations on The Second Periodic Report of the Holy See
Authors: Cismas Ioana
Published: September 2014

In May 2014, the Committee on the Rights of the Child, an expert body tasked with monitoring the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) by its state parties, issued its concluding observations on the second periodic report of the Holy See. The observations mark a definitive turning point in the approach of the treaty body concerning the nature of obligations which the Holy See incurs under the Convention; shed light on the concrete modalities which the Holy See could embrace to perform these obligations; and tie into the broader discussion on the extraterritorial reach of human rights treaties, in casu, the CRC.
DIREITOS HUMANOS EM DEBATE: A EXPERIÊNCIA DO CURSO DE EXTENSÃO “DEMOCRACIA, CIDADANIA E ACESSO À JUSTIÇA NO BRASIL”
Authors: Asensi Felipe Dutra , Rodrigues Baltazar José Vasconcelos
Published: September 2014

O presente texto tem por objetivo relatar a experiência do curso de extensão “Democracia, Cidadania eAcesso à Justiça no Brasil”, que ocorreu em junho do ano de 2006 na Faculdade de Direito da UFF e nasceudo projeto de monitoria de Sociologia Jurídica e Teoria Geral do Processo. Este curso foi ministrado pelosrespectivos monitores, sob a coordenação dos orientadores, e recebeu o apoio institucional da Faculdadede Direito (respaldo administrativo) e do Centro Acadêmico Evaristo da Veiga (respaldo estudantil). Aofinal, foi realizada uma avaliação do curso por intermédio de um questionário auto-aplicável, o qual indicouque o curso recebeu ampla receptividade e constitui-se como uma forma inovadora de articulação entre extensão e monitoria.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA COMUNICAÇÃO COMUNITÁRIA NOS PROCESSOS DE ORGANIZAÇÃO POPULAR
Authors: Jurkevicz Maristela Romagnole de Araújo , César Regina Célia Escudero , Miani Rozinaldo Antonio
Published: September 2014

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma reflexão acerca da importância da comunicação comunitária nos processos de organização popular. Para tanto, procuramos situar a comunicação como um instrumento que busca resgatar a cidadania da população oprimida em um processo que privilegia o grupo como sujeito ativo de transformação social. Analisamos, ainda, algumas experiências comunicativas desenvolvidas no âmbito de uma intervenção acadêmica que subsidiaram processos de organização e articulação de grupos populares e que reafirmam a contribuição que a comunicação comunitária pode proporcionar em tais processos.
RACIOCÍNIO CRIATIVO NA PUBLICIDADE
Authors: Negri Filho Paulo
Published: September 2014

Resenha:VIEIRA, Stalimir. Raciocínio criativo na publicidade. 5. ed. São Paulo: WMF Martins Fontes, 2007.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL PÚBLICO SOTEROPOLITANO NA PERSPECTIVA INTERDISCIPLINAR DA EDUCOMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Pacheco Rios Clarissa , M. G. Queiroz de Almeida Íris , Reichert Coelho Lilian , Maria Cardoso Gomes Sara
Published: September 2014

O presente texto resulta da primeira etapa de execução do Projeto de Iniciação Científica intitulado “Interseções mídia, escola e sociedade: mapeamento da apropriação dos meios de comunicação na prática escolar e avaliação da proposta de mediação cultural pela figura do educomunicador”, desenvolvido no ambiente do curso de Jornalismo da Faculdade Social da Bahia desde agosto de 2008. O projeto subdividiu-se em duas partes complementares: uma referiu-se à pesquisa de campo, centrada no mapeamento dos modos de apropriação dos produtos comunicacionais massivos pelos docentes do ensino fundamental na prática educativa; a outra objetivou a pesquisa bibliográfica. Após a realização dos procedimentos empíricos de sondagem, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas com os professores e considerando-se a realidade pesquisada, o projeto encaminhou-se para o recorte étnico-racial, a fim de promover ações no sentido da criação de um instrumento efetivo e participativo de reflexão crítica e de comunicação entre as instâncias envolvidas no processo.
Modelagem de Equações Estruturais com Utilização do Smartpls
Authors: Ringle Christian M. , Da Silva Dirceu , Bido Diógenes De Souza
Published: September 2014

O objetivo deste artigo a apresentao de um exemplo de forma mais didtica de uso da modelaem de Equaes Estruturais com o software SmathPLS 2.0 M3. O referido programa usa o mtodo de Mnimos Quadrados Parciais e busca atender situaes muito frequentes na pesquisa de Marketing: Ausncia de distribuies simtricas das variveis mensuradas, teoria ainda em fase inicial ou com pouca cristalizao, modelos formativos e/ou quantidade menor de dados. O uso crescente do SmartPLS vem mostrado a robusteza e aplicabilidade do modelo nas pesquisas da rea.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v13i2.2717
Molecular evidence for the hybrid origin of Potamogeton ×subrufus Hagstr. (Potamogetonaceae)
Authors: Zalewska-Gałosz Joanna , Kwolek Dagmara
Published: September 2014

Potamogeton ×subrufus Hagstr. was described as a hybrid between P. lucens L. and P. nodosus Poir.; however, the taxon had not been widely accepted and regarded as conspecific with P. ×fluitans Roth, the hybrid between P. lucens and P. natans L. The origin of P. ×subrufus had been obscured till 2010, when, based on morpho-anatomical treatment, it was shown that P. ×subrufus displays several characters consistently different from those of P. ×fluitans. Here we report a successful amplification and sequencing of nuclear ribosomal ITS1 region from a 115 year-old herbarium specimen of P. ×subrufus, collected in locus classicus by J. Baagöe and preserved in the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University (KRA). Based on the additive polymorphism pattern expressed in the ITS1 sequences of P. ×subrufus, we demonstrate that one of the parents of this hybrid was P. nodosus, as was claimed by Hagström.
Working with or next to each other? Boundary crossing in the field of information visualisation
Authors: Smit Gerard , De Haan Yael , Buijs Laura
Published: September 2014

Due to the need to present information in a fast and attractive way, organizations are eager to use information visualisations. This study explores the collision between the different experts involved in the production of these visualisations using the model of trading zones supplemented with the learning mechanisms found in the boundary crossing literature. Results show that that there is not one good solution to effective interdisciplinary cooperation in the field of information visualisation. All four types of cooperation that we distinguish – enforced, dominated, fractionated, and attuned – might work well, as long as they are adapted to the situation.  In any case the involved experts and initiators have to understand and incorporate approaches that enhance the co-creative, iterative nature of the production process. Overlooking the different forms of collaboration we detect two major forms of trading zones: the one that encompasses the collaboration between an external client and a designer (external trading zone) and the trading zones within an organization between content producer and designer (internal trading zone). Both mechanisms of identifying each other’s expertise and coordinating the different tasks in the production process seem beneficial for the production process.
L’apport d’une carrière professorale à une nouvelle inscription de l’institution théologique dans l’Université et dans l’Église
Authors: Pelchat Marc
Published: September 2014

La présente contribution s’intéresse aux défis auxquels se mesure le théologien qui assume la charge d’animer et de diriger une institution de formation théologique, afin de la situer dans l’Église et dans l’Université dans le contexte d’une société en changement. Voilà une forme de la pratique théologique ou une autre modalité du service de la théologie que le professeur et doyen émérite René-Michel Roberge a accepté de remplir pendant une période importante de sa vie, à la suite d’une carrière d’enseignant et de chercheur. En relisant cet itinéraire d’un professeur devenu administrateur de son institution de formation sans cesser d’être aussi un théologien, on trouve de bons indicateurs pour comprendre l’évolution du projet théologique dans une société en changement et pour être en mesure d’inscrire la parole théologienne dans l’espace public aujourd’hui.
La fonction magistérielle
Authors: Roberge René-Michel
Published: September 2014

Invité à rassembler les principaux éléments de sa pensée sur le magistère de l’Église, l’auteur esquisse une notion de magistère ecclésial (définitions, rapport à la conscience historique qui sous-tend la foi chrétienne et rôles spécifiques) et propose quelques pistes de réflexion sur la nature de son autorité qui devrait être considérée comme étant d’abord de l’ordre du sacramentel, du synergique, de la fiabilité et de la réception.
Magistère de l’Église et régulation de la foi
Authors: Richard Jean
Published: September 2014

René-Michel Roberge proteste contre le modèle hiérarchique, autoritaire, du magistère de l’Église (catholique romaine). Selon ce modèle, la révélation vient d’en haut et passe par la hiérarchie ecclésiale pour parvenir aux fidèles. Cette conception ne fonctionne plus à notre époque, caractérisée par « le refus des arguments d’autorité » (Luc Ferry). Par opposition à ce modèle hiérarchique et doctrinal, notre auteur propose un magistère ecclésial de type pastoral. La fonction magistérielle consiste alors à entretenir et à vitaliser la foi déjà présente dans la communauté des fidèles.
Peut-on parler de « magistère » ecclésial avant le concile de Nicée ?
Authors: Poirier Paul-Hubert
Published: September 2014

À partir de ce que nous savons de l’exercice de la fonction d’enseignement dans l’Église ancienne, de l’émergence de l’institution conciliaire et de la référence au siège de Rome, l’auteur montre comment se met en place une certaine autorité « magistérielle ».
True first‐pass effect in patients undergoing thrombectomy for acute large core strokes
Authors: Fan Shitao , Guo Changwei , Huang Jiacheng , Peng Zhouzhou , Yue Chengsong , Yang Jie , Li Linyu , Xie Dongjing , Yu Nizhen , Yang Shihai , Shi Xiaolei , Yang Dahong , Li Fengli , Yang Qingwu
Published: August 2024

Objective

The impact of true first‐pass effect (T‐FPE, achieving substantial recanalization with extended thrombolysis in cerebral infarction; eTICI 3 after 1 thrombectomy) and outcomes on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large ischemic core remains uncertain. We aimed to study the association between T‐FPE and outcomes in AIS patients with large core infarct through a real‐world multicenter study.

Methods

From a prospective multicentric registry, we collected the data of all consecutive acute stroke patients with a large ischemic core who underwent thrombectomy and compared the outcomes of patients who achieved T‐FPE and those who did not. In addition, we compared the outcomes of patients with different numbers of thrombectomy pass to identify the effectiveness of T‐FPE. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the predictors of T‐FPE. The primary outcome was good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score; mRS 0–3) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included a 90‐day mortality and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage within 48 hours after thrombectomy.

Results

Between November 2021 and February 2023, 447 eligible patients at 38 stroke centers were enrolled. Out of 447 thrombectomy patients, T‐FPE was achieved in 102 individuals (22.8%). T‐FPE was significantly associated with a higher proportion of good functional outcome (mRS 0–3 at 3 months, OR 2.221, 95% CI 1.418–3.479, p < 0.001) and lower mortality than non‐T‐FPE patients (31.4% vs. 45.5%, p = 0.012). The occlusion sites and lower DBP were strong predictors of T‐FPE.

Interpretation

T‐FPE was associated with favorable outcomes at 90 days in AIS patients with a large ischemic core who underwent EVT.
Harmony of Self‐Similarity: Overcoming the Strength–Ductility Trade‐Off Through Harmonic Structure
Authors: Beygelzimer Yan , Orlov Dmytro
Published: August 2024

Within the new generation of structural materials having heterogeneous microarchitectures, one of the top performers is harmonic structure (HS). Herewith, the exciting discovery of self‐similarity in their stress–strain behavior is reported. HS materials consist of the 3D skeleton of ultrafine grains (UFG) encompassing coarse‐grained (CG) counterparts. Our discovery simplifies the mathematical description of such a system and helps unraveling hidden patterns. Specifically, it is demonstrated that overcoming the strength–ductility trade‐off in HS occurs since its components have a characteristic strengthening mechanism, which realizes the synergy of three factors: 1) hetero‐deformation‐induced (HDI) strengthening of the CG phase, the deformation of which increases with acceleration with respect to the deformation of the entire sample; 2) the transition of the CG phase to the strengthened to saturation UFG phase; and 3) the work of UFG phase deformation, which increases with acceleration when the sample is strained due to the rapidly growing value of and the factor (2).
Interfacial Modulation with Phosphorylated Covalent Organic Framework Enabling Highly Durable Sodium Metal Batteries in Carbonate‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Hou Zhen , Xia Shuixin , Fan Wenxuan , Gong Yun , Yuan Tao , Pang Yuepeng , Yang Junhe , Zheng Shiyou
Published: August 2024

The practical usage of Na metal anode is severely prohibited by the instability of the natively formed solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and the uncontrollable Na dendrite growth, inducing short cycle life and serious safety concerns. Herein, phosphorylated covalent organic frameworks (P‐COF) is first synthesized and rationally used to construct the robust artificial interface layer for Na metal stabilization. The modified Na metal anode demonstrates high rate performance (5 mA cm−2) and ultralong cycling lifespan (1800 h) with dendrite‐free Na deposition in carbonate‐based electrolyte. And the assembled Na|Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cell also reveals extraordinarily stable cycling at 5 C for 4000 cycles with a quite low decay rate of 0.002% per cycle. Moreover, the Na|NVP full cell with high areal capacity (2.0 mAh cm−2) and thin Na metal (30 µm) still demonstrates prolonged cycling over 500 cycles even under the harsh condition of a low negative‐to‐positive‐capacity (N/P) ratio of 2:3. Furthermore, the Na|NVP pouch cell with an ultrathick cathode (≈17 mg cm−2) also manifests significantly prolonged cycling performance. This work demonstrates a facile and effective strategy toward reliable Na metal batteries.
Pre‐Nucleation Strategy for Room‐Temperature Growth of Perovskite Single Crystals toward Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Chaoqiang , Tian Chao , Cheng Yanyan , Chen Shuai , Jie Jiansheng , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhang Xiujuan
Published: August 2024

Metal lead perovskite (MHP) single crystals (SCs) with extraordinary optical properties are promising candidates for high‐performance SC‐based perovskite light‐emitting diodes (SC‐PeLEDs). However, the heating process involved in traditional methods to initiate crystal nucleation and growth inevitably induces massive defects in MHP SCs, leading to inferior electroluminescence performance and poor operational stability of the SC‐PeLEDs. Preparation of low‐defect thin MHP SCs for high‐performance SC‐PeLEDs remains a formidable challenge. Here, a facile pre‐nucleation strategy is developed to enable room‐temperature (RT) growth of high‐quality MAPbBr3 (MA+ = CH3NH3+) SCs. By avoiding the detrimental effect of high growth temperature, the MAPbBr3 SCs prepared at RT show improved crystallinity with lower trap‐state density, giving rise to higher photoluminescence quantum yield and uniform fluorescence. Consequently, the MAPbBr3‐based SC‐PeLEDs achieve a high external quantum efficiency up to 9.7%, along with an ultrahigh luminance of 126 800 cd m−2, which is among the highest for MAPbBr3‐based SC‐PeLEDs. Moreover, the SC‐PeLEDs demonstrate remarkably high operational stability with half‐lifetimes as long as 594 min and 33.2 min at initial luminances of ≈1000 cd m−2 and ≈10 000 cd m−2, respectively. The work has excellent universality and paves the way toward the fabrication of high‐performance SC‐PeLEDs for future lighting, display, and laser applications.
Constructing Co4(SO4)4 Clusters within Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Liang Zuozhong , Zhou Guojun , Tan Huang , Mou Yonghong , Zhang Jieling , Guo Hongbo , Yang Shujiao , Lei Haitao , Zheng Haoquan , Zhang Wei , Lin Haiping , Cao Rui
Published: August 2024

Multinuclear metal clusters are ideal candidates to catalyze small molecule activation reactions involving the transfer of multiple electrons. However, synthesizing active metal clusters is a big challenge. Herein, on constructing an unparalleled Co4(SO4)4 cluster within porphyrin‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and the electrocatalytic features of such Co4(SO4)4 clusters for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is reported. The reaction of CoII sulfate and metal complexes of tetrakis(4‐pyridyl)porphyrin under solvothermal conditions afforded Co4‐M‐MOFs (M═Co, Cu, and Zn). Crystallographic studies revealed that these Co4‐M‐MOFs have the same framework structure, having the Co4(SO4)4 clusters connected by metalloporphyrin units through Co─Npyridyl bonds. In the Co4(SO4)4 cluster, the four CoII ions are chemically and symmetrically equivalent and are each coordinated with four sulfate O atoms to give a distorted cube‐like structure. Electrocatalytic studies showed that these Co4‐M‐MOFs are all active for electrocatalytic OER and ORR. Importantly, by regulating the activity of the metalloporphyrin units, it is confirmed that the Co4(SO4)4 cluster is active for oxygen electrocatalysis. With the use of Co porphyrins as connecting units, Co4‐Co‐MOF displays the highest electrocatalytic activity in this series of MOFs by showing a 10 mA cm−2 OER current density at 357 mV overpotential and an ORR half‐wave potential at 0.83 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Theoretical studies revealed the synergistic effect of two proximal Co atoms in the Co4(SO4)4 cluster in OER by facilitating the formation of O─O bonds. This work is of fundamental significance to present the construction of Co4(SO4)4 clusters in framework structures for oxygen electrocatalysis and to demonstrate the cooperation between two proximal Co atoms in such clusters during the O─O bond formation process.
A Fully Integrated Conformal Wearable Ultrasound Patch for Continuous Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zou Faxing , Luo Yong , Zhuang Wenxuan , Xu Tailin
Published: August 2024

Cancer treatment is a continuous process, that the current therapy cannot meet the requirement well, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Wearable ultrasound device has the potential for continuous sonodynamic therapy due to its portability. However, the miniaturization of ultrasonic probe, system integration of device, and the strategy of continuous treatment are still urgent issues to be addressed. Herein, a portable wearable antitumor system is introduced, which utilizes a custom‐developed multiplexed ultrasonic patch array (CWUS Patch) to accurately focus ultrasound on the lesion site and controllably stimulate sonosensitizer to produce a large amount of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). The system enables dynamic control of the ultrasound patches and allows real‐time adjustments to optimize their performance in various applications, providing greater flexibility and precision in healthcare technology. Furthermore, the excellent penetration property of ultrasound into tumor tissues that induce synchronous apoptosis of tumor cells from the inside out is verified through a mouse model of breast cancer. This fully integrated conformal wearable ultrasound system provides a promising approach to noninvasively, continuously, and efficiently treat deep tumors.
Recent Progress in Memrsitor Array Structures and Solutions for Sneak Path Current Reduction
Authors: Lee Yoonseok , Jeon Beomki , Cho Youngboo , Kim Jihyung , Shim Wonbo , Kim Sungjun
Published: August 2024

Memristors have diverse potential for improving data storage through linear memory control and synaptic operation in AI and neuromorphic computing. Prior research on optimizing memristors in next‐generation devices has generally indicated that emerging arrays and vertical structures can improve memory density, although special fabrication steps are required to realize improved operation. Until now, many obstructions, such as the sneak path current and forming processes from the initial device in array structure operation at the device level, have limited the development of array‐based memristor devices for further progressing circuits and integrated design. In this paper, memristor array studies are examined that have suggested solutions for sneak path current and forming operation problems at the device level. Ultimately, representative solutions are proposed to progress memristors into array structures by introducing the latest research on one diode‐one RRAM (1D1R), one selector‐one RRAM (1S1R), overshoot suppressed RRAM (OSRRAM), self‐rectifying cell (SRC), charge trap memory (CTM) and their applications. Additionally, essential details demonstrating the practical implementation of these devices in crossbar array memory are investigated. Finally, the advantages and perspectives of these array‐based memristor solutions are summarized.
Tetherless Reconfigurations at Actuator‐Structure Interfaces
Authors: Yeow Bok Seng , Yang Yang , Ren Hongliang
Published: August 2024

Reconfigurable structures can perform multiple functions and are useful in confined environments with complicated access. To extend the complexity of configurations achievable with reconfigurable mechanisms, remotely reconfigurable mechanisms are explored. Magnetically responsive phase change materials are selected for actuation, and origami backbones as the structure. Modulating the mechanism's coupling and constraints, multiple configurations are achieved. Three functional aspects of in situ reconfiguration are demonstrated. First, selective attachment and actuation enable remote mechanisms to deploy and actuate. Second, reconfiguration that modifies the constraints allows for new kinematics even in confined environments. Third, the actuator can construct and change the configuration of an origami structure, allowing subsequent functions to emerge. Tetherless interface reconfiguration is demonstrated with an in situ needle puncture and escape room puzzle, which can benefit existing robotic applications in confined spaces.
Discovery of Living Optical Networks in Orchid Leaves as Inspiration for Light Harvesting and Redistribution in Soft, Curvilinear Material Formats
Authors: Guidetti Giulia , Omenetto Fiorenzo G.
Published: August 2024

Plants and animals produce highly evolved, hierarchical systems that combine physicochemical material parameters with functional micro‐ and nanostructures to manage energy, motion, and species survival. These systems, besides providing cues on bottom‐up manufacturing of technological structures, can give insight on strategies for efficient energy management. Here is reported the observation of an optically interconnected network formed by the cells of the leaves of the Macodes petola jewel orchid that provides light harvesting and redistribution across its surface. The planar redistribution of light incident on the leaf is enabled by the distinctively rounded shape of the outer epidermal cells and by their arrangement in a short‐range ordered hexagonal lattice. Successful replication of a live leaf in a free‐standing biopolymer film validates the observation and opens avenues for the exploration of non‐traditional energy harvesting interfaces that are soft, conformal, and curvilinear.
Harnessing the Power of Nano‐Ferroelectrics: BaTiO3/MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Composites for Enhanced Lithium Storage
Authors: Tian Miao , Lyu Jing , Su Ran , Zhang Xu , Wang Kexin , Lv Xiang , Zhang Dawei , Yang Shuo‐Wang , Yip John Hon Kay , Hao Zhongkai , Xu Guo Qin
Published: August 2024

2D Ti3C2Tx MXene is a desirable electrode material for advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in the pursuit of high energy and power densities, owing to its extensive reactive area and surface‐induced pseudo‐capacitance. Here, a novel synergistic strategy for fortifying lithium storage capability is first proposed, by in‐situ anchoring BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanoparticles on few‐layered Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (BT/f‐Ti3C2Tx) using a hydrothermal method. The uniform BaTiO3 nanoparticles effectively prevent the restacking of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, successfully deplete metastable Ti atoms, and intriguingly form a thin and well‐adhered solid electrolyte interface layer, enhancing the aggregation‐resistant, oxidation‐resistant, and electrochemical properties of Ti3C2Tx. Simultaneously, the internal electric fields, originating from the spontaneous polarization of BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanoparticles, can augment the adsorption of Li+, boosting the lithium storage capacity and reaction kinetics. The resulting composite electrode displays a remarkable charge capacity of 84 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1, almost five times that of pristine Ti3C2Tx electrode. The excellent rate performance and cyclability make BT/f‐Ti3C2Tx composites highly attractive for LIBs. Furthermore, this synthetic approach presented here is scalable and can be extended to other Ti‐based materials. This strategy is expected to underscore the considerable potential of ferroelectric composites for integration into high‐performance LIBs.