bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome‐Wide Analyses of MADS‐Box Genes Reveal Their Involvement in Seed Development and Oil Accumulation of Tea‐Oil Tree (Camellia oleifera)
Authors: Zhang Xianzhi , He Wenliang , Wang Xinyi , Duan Yongliang , Li Yongjuan , Wang Yi , Jiang Qingbin , Liao Boyong , Zhou Sheng , Li Yongquan
Published: July 2024

The seeds of Camellia oleifera produce high amount of oil, which can be broadly used in the fields of food, industry, and medicine. However, the molecular regulation mechanisms of seed development and oil accumulation in C. oleifera are unclear. In this study, evolutionary and expression analyses of the MADS‐box gene family were performed across the C. oleifera genome for the first time. A total of 86 MADS‐box genes (ColMADS) were identified, including 60 M‐type and 26 MIKC members. More gene duplication events occurred in M‐type subfamily (6) than that in MIKC subfamily (2), and SEP-like genes were lost from the MIKCC clade. Furthermore, 8, 15, and 17 differentially expressed ColMADS genes (DEGs) were detected between three developmental stages of seed (S1/S2, S2/S3, and S1/S3), respectively. Among these DEGs, the STK-like ColMADS12 and TT16-like ColMADS17 were highly expressed during the seed formation (S1 and S2), agreeing with their predicted functions to positively regulate the seed organogenesis and oil accumulation. While ColMADS57 and ColMADS07 showed increasing expression level with the seed maturation (S2 and S3), conforming to their potential roles in promoting the seed ripening. In all, these results revealed a critical role of MADS‐box genes in the C. oleifera seed development and oil accumulation, which will contribute to the future molecular breeding of C. oleifera.
Mobile Application‐Based Interventions for People with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ni Yun-Xia , Liu Xue-Hui , He Li , Wen Ya , You Gui-Ying
Published: July 2024

Aim. To examine the effectiveness of mobile health application‐based interventions on mortality, hospitalization rate, self‐care, and quality of life in people with heart failure. Background. Mobile health application‐based interventions are reported to potentially help people with heart failure improve health‐related clinical outcomes. However, evidence on the effects of mobile health application‐based interventions on mortality, hospitalization, self‐care, and quality of life remains inconclusive and limited. Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted in six databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CENTRAL) to identify relevant studies from inception to 21 October 2023. Two authors independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. The meta‐analysis was conducted in Review Manager (version 5.4) and the statistical software R 4.3.3. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were also performed. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated by the GRADE approach. Results. Twenty‐four studies involving 2886 participants were identified in this review. The pooled analysis showed that mobile health application‐based interventions had statistically significant beneficial effects on reducing heart failure‐related hospitalization (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.91, p = 0.01) and improving quality of life (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.83, p = 0.02), but had no statistically significant effects on all‐cause mortality (RR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.25, p = 0.47), cardiovascular mortality (RR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.26, p = 0.24), all‐cause hospitalization (RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.42, p = 0.29), or self‐care (MD = −2.42, 95% CI −15.07 to 10.24, p = 0.64). Subgroup analyses indicated that intervention duration and monitoring frequency may influence the effects of mobile health application‐based interventions on quality of life. Conclusions. Mobile health application‐based interventions were effective at reducing heart failure‐related hospitalization and improving quality of life in people with heart failure. More well‐designed randomized controlled trials are needed to strengthen the evidence. Implications for Nursing Management. Mobile health application‐based interventions may have benefits for improving heart failure‐related hospitalization and quality of life. More rigorous studies are warranted to confirm the effects of mobile health application‐based interventions for people with heart failure.
A Novel and Compact Metamaterial‐Based Four‐Element MIMO Antenna System for Millimeter‐Wave Wireless Applications with Enhanced Isolation
Authors: Din Iftikhar Ud , Abbasi Nisar Ahmad , Ullah Waheed , Ullah Sadiq , Ouameur Messaoud Ahmad , Jayakody Dushantha Nalin K.
Published: July 2024

A compact fork‐shaped MIMO antenna system with a 2 × 2 arrangement with four elements is presented. The MIMO elements are arranged orthogonally to achieve a small overall size of 36 × 28 mm2 and a wide bandwidth for 5G mm‐wave applications. MIMO elements are positioned 4 mm from each corner of the substrate to achieve compact size and minimize coupling. To improve the isolation of the proposed MIMO system, a metamaterial slab is inserted in the middle of the substrate and between radiating elements of the MIMO antenna system, which improves isolation by 10 dB within the whole operating band and achieves maximum isolation of 65 dB at 34.5 GHz. The proposed MIMO system operates in the Ka‐band frequency range of 22–50 GHz with isolation greater than 30 dB and efficiency above 80% across the entire frequency spectrum for 5G communication. Additionally, the performance parameters of MIMO are examined, including diversity gain (DG) and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and it is found that they meet the required standards of DG approximately equal to 10 and ECC < 0.05. The proposed MIMO system has been fabricated and tested. The measured results are consistent with the design of the simulated structure using the CST Microwave Studio (CSTMWS) simulator.
Prevalence of Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies and Clinical Profile of Patients with Alopecia Areata: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Stefanis Athanasios J. , Fialova Alena , Arenberger Petr
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is associated with thyroid dysfunction and abnormal levels of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. One study detected high prevalence of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) in AA patients. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of TRAb levels in AA patients and to assess their association with thyroid hormones, other thyroid antibodies, AA severity, and other epidemiological variables. Methods: In this observational study, 139 patients (97 females, 42 males), aged 12 and above, with newly presenting, relapsing, or treatment-resistant AA were included. Medical histories were reviewed, alopecia severity was assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT), and blood tests measured thyroid hormones and autoantibodies. Results: The prevalence of TRAb was significantly higher in AA patients (23.6%) compared to the general population (1–2%) (p < 0.001). Elevated TRAb titers did not correlate with diagnosed thyroid dysfunction or treatment, abnormal thyroid function tests and autoantibodies, AA severity, duration, and onset. Male patients exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of abnormal TRAb titers compared to females (75.0% vs. 21.3%, p = 0.002). Conclusion: A significant proportion of AA patients presented with elevated TRAb levels, independent of thyroid hormone titers, other thyroid autoantibodies, or SALT score. Prevalence of abnormal TRAb levels was higher in males.
The Earth as a Living Organism: Contribution of Integrative Medicine to the Healing of Our Planet (One Health)
Authors: Matthes Harald , Baars Erik W. , Brinkhaus Benno , Christoph Moritz , Edelhäuser Friedrich , Grah Christian , Gründemann Carsten , Keßler Christian , Martin David , Michalsen Andreas , Rosslenbroich Bernd , Siroka Jana , Soldner Georg , Teut Michael , Vagedes Jan , Willich Stefan N.
Published: July 2024

Background: Considering the analogies between the disruption in ecological systems and in individuals, the concept of integrative medicine is extended to the One Health concept and integrative medicine is introduced as an innovative model for guidance/correction in patients’ therapy as well as in ecological realignment. Summary: The specific elements of integrative medicine that can be applied to human health as well as to environmental health are described (e.g. self-regulation, salutogenic healing processes, transdisciplinary multimodal approaches, methodological pluralism). The need for sustainable use of limited resources in medicine and pharmacy is pointed out. As examples for urgent action, the need of taking into account the whole life cycle of pharmaceutical products as well as the impact of diet for human and planetary health are mentioned. Key Message: Self-regulation plays a crucial role in human and environmental health; sustainable promotion of self-regulation enables people to become co-creators of their own health. Such a fundamental change requires transformation of one’s inner relationship to nature and to oneself. The aim of the mini-review was to concretize individual fields of action and to investigate the question of whether the concepts of integrative medicine can be transferred from humans to the environment and thus to planetary health and whether this makes sense.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Its Applications in Pituitary Research
Authors: Yang Shuangjian , Deng Congcong , Pu Changqin , Bai Xuexue , Tian Chenxin , Chang Mengqi , Feng Ming
Published: July 2024

Background: Mounting evidence underscores the significance of cellular diversity within the endocrine system and the intricate interplay between different cell types and tissues, essential for preserving physiological balance and influencing disease trajectories. The pituitary gland, a central player in the endocrine orchestra, exemplifies this complexity with its assortment of hormone-secreting and nonsecreting cells. Summary: The pituitary gland houses several types of cells responsible for hormone production, alongside nonsecretory cells like fibroblasts and endothelial cells, each playing a crucial role in the gland’s function and regulatory mechanisms. Despite the acknowledged importance of these cellular interactions, the detailed mechanisms by which they contribute to pituitary gland physiology and pathology remain largely uncharted. The last decade has seen the emergence of groundbreaking technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing, offering unprecedented insights into cellular heterogeneity and interactions. However, the application of this advanced tool in exploring the pituitary gland’s complexities has been scant. This review provides an overview of this methodology, highlighting its strengths and limitations, and discusses future possibilities for employing it to deepen our understanding of the pituitary gland and its dysfunction in disease states. Key Message: Single-cell RNA sequencing technology offers an unprecedented means to study the heterogeneity and interactions of pituitary cells, though its application has been limited thus far. Further utilization of this tool will help uncover the complex physiological and pathological mechanisms of the pituitary, advancing research and treatment of pituitary diseases.
Influence of Comprehensive Nursing Care on Heart Failure Patient Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wenying , Wang Xuezhen , Wu Xuefeng , Tang Shaomei
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Heart failure is a common chronic illness associated with high readmission rates and death. Comprehensive nursing care, management of symptoms, and psychological support are increasingly seen as critical components of successful heart failure therapy. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of comprehensive nursing care on clinical outcomes and quality of life in heart failure patients. Methods: We searched electronic databases (PubMed, PROSPERO, and Web of Science) for randomised controlled trials and observational studies on comprehensive nursing care treatments for heart failure patients. Data on readmission rates, mortality rates, and quality of life were obtained and examined. Results: A total of 693 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis found that comprehensive nursing care reduced heart failure-related readmissions considerably when compared to conventional therapy (odds ratio [OR]: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66–0.88, p = 0.0002). There was a significant difference in all-cause mortality (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60–0.97, p = 0.03), but comprehensive treatment enhanced quality of life and functional status (standardised mean difference −0.05, 95% CI: –0.21 to 0.10, p = 0.49). Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing care improves clinical outcomes and quality of life for heart failure patients. This study stresses the need to add comprehensive nurse interventions in normal heart failure treatment programmes.
Predictive Value of Serum Soluble ST2 in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery for Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Chen Zeling , Li Jiaxin , Liu Xicheng , Liu Xiaolong , Zhu Junjiang , Tang Xuanhe , Deng Yiyu , Chen Chunbo
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Cardiac surgery is related to an increased risk of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). Serum soluble ST2 (sST2) is highly predictive of several cardiovascular diseases and may also be involved in renal injury. This study explored the relationship between serum sST2 levels measured at intensive care unit (ICU) admission and the development of AKI after cardiac surgery. Methods: We prospectively conducted an investigation on consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery. sST2 was immediately measured at ICU admission. The relationship between the levels of sST2 and the development of AKI was explored using stepwise logistic regression. Results: Among the 500 patients enrolled, AKI was observed in 207 (41%) patients. Serum sST2 levels in AKI patients were higher than those without AKI (61.46 ng/mL [46.52, 116.25] vs. 38.91 ng/mL [28.74, 50.93], p < 0.001). Additionally, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that as progressively higher tertiles of serum sST2, the odds ratios (ORs) of AKI gradually increased (adjusted ORs of 1.97 [95% CI, 1.13–3.45], and 4.27 [95% CI, 2.36–7.71] for tertiles 2 and 3, respectively, relative to tertile 1, p < 0.05). The addition of sST2 further improved reclassification (p < 0.001) and discrimination (p < 0.001) over the basic model, which included established risk factors. Conclusion: Serum sST2 levels at ICU admission were associated with the development of postoperative AKI and improved the identification of AKI after cardiac surgery.
The Molecular Mechanism of Aurora-B Regulating Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachment in Mitosis and Oocyte Meiosis
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Sun Qiqi , Yao Bo , Ren Yanping
Published: July 2024

Background: Aurora kinase B (Aurora-B), a member of the chromosomal passenger complex, is involved in correcting kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachment errors and regulating sister chromatid condensation and cytoplasmic division during mitosis. Summary: However, few reviews have discussed its mechanism in oocyte meiosis and the differences between its role in mitosis and meiosis. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the localization, recruitment, activation, and functions of Aurora-B in mitosis and oocyte meiosis. The accurate regulation of Aurora-B is essential for ensuring accurate chromosomal segregation and correct KT-MT attachments. Aurora-B regulates the stability of KT-MT attachments by competing with cyclin-dependent kinase 1 to control the phosphorylation of the SILK and RVSF motifs on kinetochore scaffold 1 and by competing with protein phosphatase 1 to influence the phosphorylation of NDC80 which is the substrate of Aurora-B. In addition, Aurora-B regulates the spindle assembly checkpoint by promoting the recruitment and activation of mitotic arrest deficient 2. Key Messages: This review provides a theoretical foundation for elucidating the mechanism of cell division and understanding oocyte chromosomal aneuploidy.
Etanercept versus Methotrexate in the Treatment of Psoriasis and Associated Metabolic Syndrome: 12-Month Open-Label Comparative Study
Authors: Dhaher Samer A. , Mohammed Jinan Q.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease accompanied by systemic damage that leads to the development of multiple comorbidities including metabolic syndrome. Conventional systemic therapies for psoriasis are associated with toxicity and have a greater burden on the patients. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of etanercept (ETN) monotherapy in comparison with methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy. Methods: In this prospective interventional comparative open-label study, 117 patients with psoriasis were randomized to 2 groups; 1 group of 42 patients; 32 (67.2%) males and 10 (23.8%) females treated with MTX, and the second group of 75 patients; 54 (72%) males and 21 (28%) females treated with ETN. Full laboratory investigations, body mass index (BMI), measurement of skin disease severity which was performed using Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), and the reduction of 75% of the skin lesions (PASI 75) were calculated for all participants. Results: In the MTX group, there were no significant differences in BMI, or blood pressure after 12 weeks of the study. There is a reduction in the values of FBS, TSC, LDL, TRIG, ESR, CRP, and PASI, but this reduction was statistically not significant. Ten (23.8%) patients achieved PASI 75. In the ETN group, except for BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, all other metabolic syndrome components, inflammatory markers, and PASI were decreased; the reduction was statistically significant. Sixty (80%) patients achieved PASI 75. Conclusion: Etanercept monotherapy showed greater efficacy than MTX monotherapy in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis as it achieved greater reductions in PASI score and greater achievement of PASI 75 after 12 weeks. Etanercept monotherapy showed greater efficacy than MTX monotherapy in the improvement of all components of the associated metabolic syndrome except for BMI, which was increased in etanercept-treated patients.
O “olhar” da imagem do transtorno do espectro autista em The Good Doctor e Atypical
Authors: Rosa Adriana da , Ferreira Raquel Marques Carriço
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo estabelece uma análise comparativa sobre a construção da imagem do portador do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) nos posts/cartazes de divulgação de duas séries que trazem como tema central o autismo. As séries analisadas são The Good Doctor (O Bom Doutor) e Atypical, ambas de 2017, a série The Good Doctor  na sétima temporada e a Atypical na sua quarta temporada.  Através dos conceitos de dois estudiosos da teoria da imagem,  Mitchell (2015) e Didi-Huberman (2012), com o suporte metodológico da análise de imagem fixa descrita por Mendes (2019) para apresentarmos as interpretações dos principais signos e símbolos do autismo nos posts retratados das séries de maior longevidade no audiovisual, que trazem dois protagonistas com TEA. Assim objetivou relacionar as semelhanças, divergências e as ideias relacionadas à imagem do portador de TEA nos cartazes. O que elas querem passar ao espectador? Qual o tipo de sensação que as imagens dos posts revelam sobre o autismo como porta de entrada para o espectador querer assistir as séries?
urbisphere-Berlin Campaign: Investigating Multiscale Urban Impacts on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Fenner Daniel , Christen Andreas , Grimmond Sue , Meier Fred , Morrison William , Zeeman Matthias , Barlow Janet , Birkmann Jörn , Blunn Lewis , Chrysoulakis Nektarios , Clements Matthew , Glazer Russell , Hertwig Denise , Kotthaus Simone , König Kai , Looschelders Dana , Mitraka Zina , Poursanidis Dimitris , Tsirantonakis Dimitris , Bechtel Benjamin , Benjamin Kit , Beyrich Frank , Briegel Ferdinand , Feigel Gregor , Gertsen Carlotta , Iqbal Nimra , Kittner Jonas , Lean Humphrey , Liu Yiqing , Luo Zhiwen , McGrory Megan , Metzger Swen , Paskin Matthew , Ravan Marvin , Ruhtz Thomas , Saunders Bethany , Scherer Dieter , Smith Stefan Thor , Stretton Megan , Trachte Katja , Van Hove Melania
Published: July 2024

For next-generation weather and climate numerical models to resolve cities, both higher spatial resolution and subgrid parameterizations of urban canopy–atmosphere processes are required. The key is to better understand intraurban variability and urban–rural differences in atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) dynamics. This includes upwind–downwind effects due to cities’ influences on the atmosphere beyond their boundaries. To address these aspects, a network of >25 ground-based remote sensing sites was designed for the Berlin region (Germany), considering city form, function, and typical weather conditions. This allows investigation of how different urban densities and human activities impact ABL dynamics. As part of the interdisciplinary European Research Council Grant urbisphere, the network was operated from autumn 2021 to autumn 2022. Here, we provide an overview of the scientific aims, campaign setup, and results from 2 days, highlighting multiscale urban impacts on the atmosphere in combination with high-resolution numerical modeling at 100-m grid spacing. During a spring day, the analyses show systematic upwind-city-downwind effects in ABL heights, largely driven by urban–rural differences in surface heat fluxes. During a heatwave day, ABL height is remarkably deep, yet spatial differences in ABL heights are less pronounced due to regionally dry soil conditions, resulting in similar observed surface heat fluxes. Our modeling results provide further insights into ABL characteristics not resolved by the observation network, highlighting synergies between both approaches. Our data and findings will support modeling to help deliver services to a wider community from citizens to those managing health, energy, transport, land use, and other city infrastructure and operations.
The urban logic of dispossession and nomadism in neoliberal Bangladesh
Authors: Mondal Lipon
Published: July 2024

Through quantitative and qualitative evidence collected in 2017–2018 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, this article investigates the detrimental impact of coercive evictions on urban nomads. It conceptualizes urban nomads as an ever-growing army of dispossessed who are forced to frequently move from one place to another within a city for shelter and work. They have few belongings and little social support and are culturally and politically marginalized. Forced evictions dispossess them in co-constitutive economic, social, cultural, and political ways, which relate to Pierre Bourdieu’s four types of capital. The article argues that coercive evictions produce and reproduce a nomadic urban community that experiences various kinds of dispossession after losing control over different forms of capital.
Organized violence 1989–2023, and the prevalence of organized crime groups
Authors: Davies Shawn , Engström Garoun , Pettersson Therése , Öberg Magnus
Published: July 2024

This article examines trends in organized violence based on new data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP). In 2023, fatalities from organized violence decreased for the first time since the rapid increase observed in 2020, dropping from 310,000 in 2022 to 154,000 in 2023. Despite this decline, these figures represent some of the highest fatality rates recorded since the Rwandan genocide in 1994, surpassed only by those of 2022 and 2021. The decrease was primarily attributed to the end of the conflict in Ethiopia’s Tigray region, which accounted for about 60% of battle-related deaths in both 2022 and 2021. Despite this positive development, the number of active state-based armed conflicts increased by three in 2023, reaching the highest level ever recorded by the UCDP, totaling 59. Non-state conflicts and one-sided violence decreased in 2023 when compared to 2022, evident in both the reduction of the active conflicts/actors and the decrease in fatalities attributed to these forms of violence. However, despite this overall decrease, fatalities resulting from non-state conflicts remained at historically high levels in 2023. Analysis of non-state conflict data spanning the past decade reveals that it comprises the ten most violent years on record. Organized crime groups have predominantly fueled this escalation. Unlike rebel groups, organized crime groups typically lack political goals and are primarily motivated by economic gain. Conflicts between these groups tend to intensify around drug smuggling routes and in urban areas, driven by shifts in alliances and leadership dynamics among the actors.
Heritage expertise and tram closures in the World Heritage City of Toruń, Poland
Authors: Eremenko Iuliia , Kraski Tymoteusz
Published: July 2024

This paper examines to what extent heritage considerations guided the closure of an operating tramline in Toruń's Old Town prior to its designation as a World Heritage City. The study is based on an analysis of local newspapers’ articles over a decade, encompassing the period before and after the tramline was closed. Additionally, it incorporates evaluations of historical public transport maps, content analysis of public consultation reports and expert interviews. The closure's narratives drew on factors including safety, operating costs, modernisation, and the promotion of tourism, all carefully tailored to confer legitimacy upon the decision. While heritage considerations and heritage experts’ opinions may have contributed indirectly to the formulation of policy, these elements were entirely absent from the narratives of justifications preceding the tramline's closure. The study traces, following the tramline's closure, a marked evolution in the narrative, which came progressively to emphasise the protection of Toruń's cultural heritage.
Self-Concordance Theory and the Goal-Striving Reasons Framework and Their Distinct Relationships With Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being
Authors: Ehrlich Christian , Cripps Karen , Ehrlich Susanne
Published: July 2024

Self-concordance theory and the goal-striving reasons framework both measure the quality of people’s reasons for their goal pursuits. Both have provided substantial evidence for their predictive power for people’s well-being. However, it remains unclear which of the two goal-reason models is the better predictor for different forms of well-being. The paper analyses the distinct relationships of the two models in relation to hedonic well-being (Subjective Well-Being, Life Satisfaction, Affect Balance) and indicators of eudaimonic well-being (Basic Need Satisfaction, Purpose and Self-Acceptance). The findings are based on a cross-sectional, correlative research design based ( N = 124). Using multiple regression analyses the results show that the goal-striving reasons framework is overall more strongly associated with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. However, the differences for hedonic well-being as well as for self-acceptance and purpose are much larger than they are for the three basic needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Here, self-concordance achieves nearly similar correlations to the goal-striving reasons framework. The findings have implications for theory and practice as they highlight the theoretical differences between the two goal-reasons models but also help to decide which Positive Psychology Interventions are most suitable to increase which form of well-being.
Social support and well-being of adolescent learners: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Narainsamy Kalashni , Rothmann Sebastiaan , Hoffman Jaco
Published: July 2024

This study focused on identifying adolescent learners’ social support profiles based on their self-reports regarding three sources of social support (parental, teacher, and close friend support) and associations of such profiles with their well-being. A biographical questionnaire, the Social Support Scale for Children, and the Mental Health Continuum – Short Form were administered to 770 Grades 10 and 11 learners from previously disadvantaged schools in South Africa. Five social support profiles were identified using latent profile analyses of parental, teacher, and close friend support: weakly supported, adult-supported, peer-supported, moderately supported, and integrated support. Social support profiles were associated with well-being. Flourishing, the most desirable well-being outcome, was associated with the integrated support profile (high parent, teacher, and close friend support). In contrast, the lowest level of well-being was observed in the weakly supported profile (low parent, teacher, and close friend support). The results confirmed that support from parents, teachers, and close friends was vital for adolescent learners’ well-being.
A scoping review of Rogers’ person-centred approach to identify constructs relevant to optimal intergenerational relationships
Authors: Cavé Jeanie , Katjene Matthews , Roos Vera
Published: July 2024

Optimal intergenerational relationships make important social contributions to age-inclusive communities and societies. Intergenerational relationships involve different cohorts of people across the life course. Existing theories look at intergenerational relationships from an intrapsychic experience, socio-cultural perspective, and/or in terms of outcomes, but do not adequately explain what occurs between interacting generational members to yield the experiences and outcomes. We identified Rogers’ person-centred approach (PCA) as a useful framework for creating optimal relationships and accordingly this article aims to identify the constructs of the PCA in the context in which Rogers developed them and we applied them to intergenerational relationships in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a scoping review and sampled Rogers’ original publications between January 1951 and December 1997 and obtained 1200 documents. After removing duplicates ( n = 567) and applying exclusion criteria, 67 records were analysed thematically. The following PCA constructs emerged: congruence, warmth, empathy, unconditional positive regard, and locus of control, as well as two outcomes of the optimal manifestation of PCA constructs: confirmation and differentiation. We also present two PCA relational dynamics to explain optimal relationships: circularity and reciprocity. Interpreting intergenerational relationships through the lens of the PCA not only identifies the constructs of optimal relationships but also offers recommendations for transforming intergenerational relationships towards new levels of interpersonal cohesion.
‘Private practice was my second option’: exploring barriers and facilitators to the delivery of mental health care by registered counsellors in South Africa
Authors: Salt Greer , Salie Mariam , Roomaney Rizwana
Published: July 2024

The category of registered counsellor was created to service the mental health care needs of the South African population at primary health care level. However, a lack of employment opportunities for registered counsellors within primary health care settings resulted in many opting to work within private practice. In this study, we explored barriers and facilitators to the delivery of mental health care by registered counsellors. We employed purposive and snowball sampling to recruit 15 participants, who were registered counsellors in private practice throughout South Africa, and registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online via Skype. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. We used the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation model of behaviour and the Theoretical Domains Framework as conceptual frameworks in the study. We identified facilitators and barriers that registered counsellors experienced in their attempts to provide mental health care at a primary care level. We identified three themes and named them as follows: (1) registered counsellors feeling competent, capable, and motivated to engage in community work, (2) the registered counsellor as an unacknowledged mental health professional, and (3) limited alternatives to private practice. We regarded the first theme as a facilitator, and the other two as barriers to the provision of mental health care by registered counsellors in private practice. These findings suggest that registered counsellors felt motivated and capable of providing mental health care, but that structural barriers prevent them from doing so.
Scaling Up or Deep Scaling? Problematizing the Scalability Imperative in Technological Innovation
Authors: Laurent Brice , Violle Alexandre
Published: July 2024

This paper problematizes the obsession with “scaling up” that is visible in numerous technological domains. Using the case of hydrogen mobility projects in France, we identify a tension between a discourse of rapid scaling for nationwide deployment, and projects undertaken by local authorities and private companies who make small-scale experiments with hydrogen cars and charging stations more dense, by adding uses, actors, and technical functionalities. We use the term “deep scaling” to characterize the latter approach. By examining projects focusing on “ecosystems” of hydrogen mobility, we discuss the consequences of deep scaling for the geographic and economic extension. In this configuration, technologies are not expected to expand to vast territories by remaining the same at a bigger scale. Instead, they are attached to local sites and develop alongside them, which raises the issue of the connections between those sites. The analysis of deep scaling allows us to identify potential alternatives to ready-made discourses of scalability and contribute to the analysis of the politics and practices of scaling.
Capitalization Accounting of Data Factor: Theoretical Mechanism, Methodological Path, and Statistical Measurement
Authors: Wang Kaike , He Qiang , Zeng Wuyi , Wang Chunyun
Published: July 2024

From the perspective of factor input in the production process, this paper puts forward the issue of accounting and capitalization of generalized data output, brings the output of data reprocessing into the scope of statistical accounting, and proposes a systematic evolution chain of data factor forms and the division method of data factor value composition and sources. Then, based on the GDP accounting platform, a three-in-one theoretical framework covering “output-investment-assets” is built for capitalization accounting of data factor, and an accounting path covering “cost → input → output → capital formation → data assets” is designed to improve and highlight the cost accounting method with “value appreciation” as the core. Taking China as an example, its data capital formation and asset size are measured by matching data-intensive industries with data professionals, and by synthesizing data from multiple sources. The rationality and self-consistency of the theoretical and methodological research is verified by the empirical results. This study can provide theoretical reference for bringing the value accounting of data factor into the basic framework of the Systems of National Accounts (SNA). Moreover, its empirical research paradigm can also provide reference for relevant countries to carry out capitalization accounting for data factor (CADF).
Sensing indigeneity: A sensory ethnography of the presence of the past among newly identifying indigenous people in South Africa
Authors: Verbuyst Rafael
Published: July 2024

Sensory ethnography offers hitherto under-explored perspectives on why and how people claim and experience indigeneity by elucidating how the past and the present become entangled through sensory experiences. I illustrate this by drawing on fieldwork that I carried out among newly identifying indigenous people in South Africa between 2014 and 2022. As they grapple with centuries of assimilation and destruction, including the myth of their extinction, ‘Khoisan revivalists’ deliberately target all the senses to make their newfound indigeneity as immersive and corporeal as possible. Among others, this entails cultivating indigenous plants, crafting apparel and accessories with Khoisan motifs, and celebrating indigenous sounds. Drawing on insights from indigenous- and settler-colonial studies, as well as Nadia Seremetakis and Charles Hirschkind, I argue that sensory experiences uniquely allow for ostensibly relatable, unmediated, and authentic ‘sensory gateways’ towards indigeneity.
Review of Vehicle Behavior Prediction for Intelligent Driving Systems in Highway Scenarios
Authors: Wang Zihan , Li Guozheng , Peng Lihui
Published: July 2024

In recent years, particularly since 2015, autonomous driving systems have developed rapidly. With the increase of autonomous driving levels, more precise detection and environment cognition are necessary. In this paper, a systematic review on vehicle behavior prediction in highway scenarios is carried out, including the role of vehicle behavior prediction in autonomous driving system, the application scenarios and the mechanisms of widely used vehicle behavior prediction methods such as the Bayesian network (BN) based method and the long short-term memory (LSTM) network-based method. The future directions of vehicle behavior prediction are discussed.
A thematic analysis of the perceptions of reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance as a potential family planning method in the United Kingdom
Authors: Gheorghe Cristina M , Slack Olivia , Wilson Amanda D
Published: July 2024

Background:

This exploratory study aimed to look into public perceptions of Reversible Inhibition of Sperm Under Guidance (RISUG) as a family planning method in the United Kingdom (UK). It also aimed to discover if there were any sex differences in perceptions between males and females.

Design:

Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted, six with males and six with females, all residents of the UK.

Methods:

The audio data from the interviews then was transcribed for analysis. An inductive and a semantic thematic analysis was conducted on the data set.

Results:

Three main themes were constructed, including: (i) RISUG Hesitancy, (ii) Females perceived benefits of RISUG and (iii) Males perceived concerns regarding RISUG. Hesitancy was related to vaccination hesitancy, females wanted males to have more reproductive autonomy and males placed their concerns through the lens of ‘other’ males that their may be unintended side effects. Together these three themes represent both perceived risk and overall benefits of the method. However, while randomized control trails have been completed to standard for RISUG, males perceived concerns, suggesting a disconnect between the public’s perceptions and professionals understanding of trails.

Conclusion:

RISUG was perceived as a viable option for family planning in the future, however trust of the new contraceptive method will need to be fostered among the public in order to effectively transfer knowledge on the potential side effects and the standard of pre-market testing for these. Effective public health messages can result in better education of people concerning the new contraceptive method, including the risks and benefits. By using perceptions to inform health messages around RISUG, researchers and practitioners can learn from potential users how to best address misinformation or concerns, while at the same time building an evidence base for when new male methods reach the contraceptive market.
Service Delivery During Crises: The Effects of Organizational Capacity, Collaboration, and Public Service Motivation on Organizational Resilience
Authors: Dimitrijevska-Markoski Tamara , Nukpezah Julius A. , Azhar Annus
Published: July 2024

The public management literature suggests that organizational capacity, collaboration, and public service motivation positively impact organizational resilience. However, in times of emergencies/crises, when public administrators have limited time to plan and react, it is unclear what factors are more relevant for service delivery continuity. The present study focuses on organizational resiliency during crises and examines the predictors of service delivery continuity among county governments during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that in times of crises, the capacity of local governments is a significant predictor of organizational resilience as opposed to public service motivation, which did not contribute to organizational resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Collaboration, on the other hand, had mixed results. These results suggest that governments should focus on strengthening their capacities to withstand shocks from crises.
Inclusive Education for Students With Special Education Needs in Norway
Authors: Næss Kari-Anne B. , Hokstad Silje , Furnes Bjarte , Hesjedal Elisabeth , Østvik Jørn
Published: July 2024

This narrative review aims to present and discuss the Norwegian school system as a context for inclusive education. Despite its clear political intentions, Norway lacks a common definition of inclusion and has limited insight into the quality of inclusive practices that are commonly implemented for students with special education needs (SEN) and the results of such practices. This study reveals that students with SEN are often educated in segregated settings and by staff lacking educational competence. Hence, future policy actions should prioritize the development of a common terminology and a report system that includes students with SEN. As SEN resources in Norway are allocated based on a lack of satisfactory learning outcomes from mainstream education and often result in segregated actions, an increased focus on school society, learning environments, educational practices, and individual learning outcomes is required. Additional research is needed to identify practices that can promote high-quality inclusion of students in Norwegian schools.
School Choice and Students With Disabilities: Evidence From Administrative Data
Authors: Senese Josefina , Winters Marcus A.
Published: July 2024

School choice has emerged as an alternative to traditional public education, allowing families to select schools outside their neighborhood. While extensive research has examined its impact on students overall, there is a need to focus on its specific effects on students with disabilities. This article addresses this gap by reviewing 39 quantitative studies analyzing this issue using administrative data. Twenty-eight focus on charter schools, and 18 compare differences in enrollment—usually referred to as the “SPED gap”—between sectors. However, few publications explore factors contributing to these disparities or variations in services provided and their impact on student outcomes. We propose future research should (a) explore outcomes beyond enrollment disparities, including both academic and non-academic aspects, as well as short and long-term consequences; (b) employ rigorous statistical methods; (c) broaden the scope of the investigation to encompass diverse states and contexts, as well as other choice policies.
Buccal Fat Pad Excision for Cheek Contouring: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pierzchajlo Noah , Clifton William , Hinson Chandler , Kemeness Catherine , Rogers Toni , Bouillon Victoria N. , Brooks Ronald M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Buccal fat pad (BFP) excision (bichectomy) or lipolysis by injectable deoxycholic acid (brand name, Kybella) is increasingly used procedures for cheek contouring and facial slimming. However, the literature on their effectiveness and safety is inconsistent. The most recent review was published over 5 years ago; however, the study was limited, did not include injectable lipolysis, and available literature has doubled since its publication. Thus, an updated systematic review is needed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of these procedures.

Methods:

Aligned with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature review with pre-determined search terms was conducted with 5 major medical journal databases from 1975 to March 2023. We were unable to conduct a meta-analysis due to limited reporting.

Results:

Our initial search yielded 590 results, with 13 studies meeting criteria for inclusion with a total of 883 patients. All studies performed surgical BFP excision with no studies performing injectable lipolysis. Seven (53%, n = 181) studies reported mean excised volume at 4.01 ± 1.19 grams per side. Two (15%, n = 61) studies assessed mouth opening, noting a combined mean decrease of 28.0 ± 1.93 mm 4 days post-operative and mean decrease of 1.36 ± 4.96 mm 1-month post-operative. Three studies (23%, n = 115) reported a combined mean increase in pain of 2.62 ± 1.63 on a 10-point scale at 72 hours post-operative. Eleven (85%, n = 883) studies reported complications following BFP excision showing complications in 6.8% of patients with 75% of those complications being swelling that resolved spontaneously.

Discussion:

This review suggests initial patient satisfaction with BFP excision, with only a 6.8% complication rate, primarily consisting of edema that spontaneously resolves. However, concerns regarding bias were raised in 2 of the clinical trials included in this review. Although the original aim was to compare surgical excision to a dissolution technique using deoxycholic acid (DCA), no studies on the DCA were identified that met inclusion criteria. Some authors compared alternative techniques to standard excision, such as hydrodissection and laser-assisted techniques, noting benefits including faster procedures, less pain, and reduced inflammation. Patient age and BFP volume are crucial considerations for appropriate candidate selection, with over excision cautioned against due to natural aging effects.

Conclusion:

As BFP contouring continues to gain popularity, it is important to continue to monitor outcomes of BFP reduction and its associated complications. It is apparent that more studies are needed in both surgical excision and injectable dissolution to accurately assess this novel procedure.
Biocompatibility and expression of transcription factors of a type B gelatin-Extracellular Matrix of Porcin Urinary Blader scaffold
Authors: Cuevas-Tapia Olivia Abril , Gutiérrez-Sánchez Mariana , Pozos-Guillén Amaury , Cauich-Rodríguez Juan Valerio , Escobar-García Diana María
Published: July 2024

Objective

to evaluate a membrane based on type B gelatin (G) and porcine urinary bladder extracellular matrix (PUB-EM), highlighting the potential effect of the combination evaluated by biocompatibility and regulation of the expression of transcription factors involved in tissue regeneration. G-PUB-EM membranes were prepared at 12.5, 25, and 50% w/v, and evaluated for biocompatibility with Fibroblast. Chemical characterization by FTIR-ATR showed complex spectra during crosslinking process with glutaraldehyde. Physical tests were performed in deionized water and PBS for 48 h. A significant increase in swelling was observed during the first 2 h. Biocompatibility testing (MTS) and evaluation of the expression profile of genes involved in the cell cycle (Cyclin-D1 VEGF, TNF and NF-κ-B) by PCR showed an increase in viability in a PUB-EM content-dependent way, except for 50% PUB-EM membrane which showed cytotoxic effects with a decrease in cell viability below 70%. The membranes showed an increase in the expression of some factors of cell cycle, as well as inflammatory processes that could promote tissue repair. 12.5 and 25% gelatin type B/porcine urinary bladder extracellular matrix (G/PUB-EM) based membranes have potential for tissue regeneration applications.

Impact Statement

The use of membranes based on type B gelatin and porcine urinary bladder for tissue engineering represents a novel strategy. Biocompatibility and signaling pathways play a primary role in tissue repair and wound recovery. Transcription factors that mediate signaling, cell division and vascularization are part of molecules that intervene in the regenerative potential of cells. These techniques will have a significant impact on tissue repair and regeneration and thus stop depending on tissue donors or other surgical sites from the same patient, as is the case with burn patients.