bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Belly Dancing: Arab-Face, Orientalist Feminism, and U.S. Empire
Authors: Maira Sunaina
Published: June 2008

Belly dancing has become especially trendy among non-Arab women across the United States since the 1990s and in the San Francisco Bay Area where it was popularized in the 1960s and 1970s with the emergence of female liberation movements focusing on body politics. This article reflects on what it means for American women to stage Middle Eastern dance at a time when the United States is engaged in war and occupation in the Middle East and there is intensified preoccupation with the figure of the Arab and Muslim “other,” and particularly with the image of oppressed Middle Eastern and Muslim femininity. The research is based on interviews with belly dance students, performers, teachers, and managers in the Bay Area that explore: why is belly dancing so popular among non- Arab women in the Bay Area? Why has it exploded at a moment when Arab Americans themselves have been profiled and attacked during the War on Terror? What does this embodied performance of putatively “Middle Eastern culture” reveal about post-9/11 U.S. nationalism? The politics of dance forms that travel, such as belly dance, are important to consider, because they allow us to trace historical connections between the Middle East/West Asia and the United States/“the West” and the movement of bodies that migrate to the metropole. I argue that belly dancing performances are entangled with the imperial engagements that link the United States and the Middle East and reveal a deeper politics of imperialism, racialization, and feminism in this moment of U.S. empire. The article situates the massive appeal of belly dancing and its growing resonance with white American women since 2001 in relation to contemporary gender and nationalist politics, demonstrating that belly dancing has become a popular site for the mobilization of “whiteness” and “Americanness” in relation to Arab/Muslim femininities and masculinities. Belly dancing has become a site for staging a New Age feminism and liberal Orientalist perspective on Arab and Muslim women. I explore how belly dance performances are layered with the politics of liberal multiculturalism, sisterhood, and female entrepreneurship. The relative invisibility of Arab women in belly dancing gives rise to a politics of Arab-face that allows non-Arab American women to explore a range of
Legendry and the Rhetoric of Truth
Authors: Oring Elliott
Published: June 2008

The genre of legend has long been defined in relation to truth and belief, and legend scholars have noted some of the devices that serve to establish legend credibility. In fact, legend employs an extensive rhetoric in establishing its truth, and this essay aims to provide a comprehensive description of the tropes of this rhetoric in terms of Aristotle’s categories of persuasion: ethos, logos, and pathos. Illustrations of these tropes are presented with a discussion of their characteristics. Scholarly attempts to define the legend genre might abandon truth and belief as criteria in favor of a performance of truth realized with this rhetoric.
On the Political Uses of Folklore: Performance and Grassroots Feminist Activism in India
Authors: Garlough Christine Lynn
Published: June 2008

This essay explores the use of street theater by grassroots Indian feminist groups to carve out a public forum and to articulate pressing concerns about rape, inheritance law, and women’s representation in popular and historical texts. Focusing on a situated performance of a play titled Women in Search of Their History , I consider the ways that the virangana , an Indian folk heroine type, and the garba, a women’s folk dance, are appropriated and reinterpreted, becoming topics for rhetorical invention. Critical play with these folk forms provides these women with the means to persuasively articulate a feminist message to diverse audience members.
Electronic Hybridity: The Persistent Processes of the Vernacular Web
Authors: Howard Robert Glenn
Published: June 2008

Through the example of a specific blog, this article locates a category of online discourse termed the “vernacular web.” Because the definitive trait of the vernacular is its distinction from the institutional, the vernacular web emerges in specific network locations as a communal invocation of alternate authority. Imagining those invocations as located communication processes, the concept of a vernacular web provides the theoretical language necessary for speaking about the complex hybridity that new communication technologies make possible.
Becoming San Antonio’s Own: Reinventing “Rosita”
Authors: Villarreal Mary Ann
Published: June 2008

This article examines the career of singer Rosita Fernández, revealing several “makeovers” of her performance identity throughout her sixty– year career. Fernández first established herself as part of San Antonio’s 1930s tourism campaign of “Old Mexico.” Her first reinvention of her persona, “Rosita,” showcased her balancing act of motherhood and domesticity with her singing career. However, she made calculated decisions to find local fame and wealth without having to leave her family or San Antonio. Her second public “makeover” billed her as a cultural bridge, an image she employed through her repeated performances walking across the bridge that led to the Arneson Theater, a River Walk main stage. Fernández realized her goals to become a representative of the Mexican American community early in her life, though she has received little credit for her ability to negotiate her long–standing career as “San Antonio’s rose.”
Distorting the Picture: Gender, Ethnicity, and Desire in a Mexican Telenovela (El vuelo del águila)
Authors: Chassen–López Francie R.
Published: June 2008

In 1994, Mexico’s powerful television network, Televisa, aired a biographical telenovela, which intended to rehabilitate dictator Porfirio Díaz (1830–1915) as part of the neoliberal revision of history. Early episodes featured Díaz’s relationship with a young indigenous cigarette vendor, Juana Catarina Romero (portrayed by Salma Hayek). Romero’s historical role was almost completely expunged, and she appeared mainly as the exotic sexual aggressor in one of Díaz’s romantic dalliances. In reality, she risked her life as a Liberal spy in the struggle against Conservative armies. In later decades, she emerged as the richest merchant, sugar refiner, and philanthropist in her region. This study argues that Romero’s representation is emblematic of the treatment of women and indigenous peoples in Mexican history, the erasure of their agency not only by nineteenth–century nation builders but also twentieth–century neoliberals. While it reconstructs Romero’s actual role in history, it demonstrates how this telenovela perpetuated gender, racial, class, and ethnic biases that serve neoliberal interests and the increasing social inequalities they generate.
“All Intent on Seeing the White Woman Married to the Red Man”: The Parker/Sackett Affair and the Public Spectacle of Intermarriage
Authors: Genetin–Pilawa C. Joseph
Published: June 2008

This article examines the events surrounding the 1867 wedding ceremony of Ely Parker, the Seneca sachem and Civil War general, to Minnie Sackett, a young, white socialite. It uses, as its main source of evidence, the newspaper coverage of and public discourse about this fascinating event. The Washington DC public obsessed over the wedding, and even though this was a very public interracial marriage at a particularly tense historical moment that could have motivated outrage and even violence in the nation’s capitol, this article argues that it was Parker’s public presentation of middle–class ideals and standards of Victorian manhood that made him an acceptable husband for a white woman. Furthermore, this article asserts that through the complex interplay of discourses of race, class, and gender, Parker represented the embodiment of primitive masculinity, and yet he was a non–threatening object of public fascination for a sentimentalized, feminized, middle–class audience.
The Female Indian Killer Memorialized: Hannah Duston and the Nineteenth–Century Feminization of American Violence
Authors: Cutter Barbara
Published: June 2008

Hannah Duston was a Massachusetts woman taken captive by a group of Native Americans in 1697. She later killed and scalped ten members of an Indian family with whom she had been placed. While Duston was well–known in 1697, there is little mention of her in published sources from 1703 to 1815. Between the 1820s and 1880s, however, versions of her story proliferated in print, and three major monuments were erected in her honor. This article explores the reasons for nineteenth–century Americans’ fascination with Duston. It argues that their gendered notion that men were more violent than women, in conjunction with their feminized representations of the nation, worked to create a model of American identity in which violence committed by the United States was, by definition, feminine, and therefore innocent, defensive violence. The link between female virtue and the nation’s virtue, then, facilitated the development of a gendered ideology of American innocence.
"One White Man I Like Very Much”: Intermarriage and the Cultural Encounter in Southern New Zealand, 1829–1850
Authors: Wanhalla Angela
Published: June 2008

This article examines the interracial relationship of one indigenous woman in southern New Zealand during the first half of the nineteenth century. Irihāpeti Pātahi entered into a relationship with a whaler, Edwin Palmer, in 1829, defying the wishes of her people. She was eventually abandoned by her European partner, who undertook a Christian marriage with a European woman in the early years of British settlement in southern New Zealand. Personal stories of interracial relationships in the early years of contact, while difficult to access, provide important insights into the indigenous experience of encounter, and importantly, open up this era of history to women’s voices, as well as the complex range of relationships that thrived in resource economies. While the relationship began on the basis of mutual love and attraction, it was a marriage that also entailed disruption and emotional trauma. Pātahi suffered the loss of a partner and the desperation of being unable to see her children, while her kin and community continued to marginalize her after her abandonment by Palmer. Interracial relationships were undertaken for a range of purposes and could take many forms, and their consequences were also diverse. In Pātahi’s case, interracial marriage resulted in emotional devastation and a life lived on the margins of her society.
The Pursuit of Art and Pleasure in the Secret Grotto of Wilhelm V of Bavaria
Authors: Maxwell Susan
Published: June 2008

The Grottenhof is a small garden surrounded by painted loggias in the Munich Residence, a palace that served as the seat of the Wittelsbach Dukes of Bavaria beginning in the sixteenth century. Completed between 1582 and 1589, the garden contains an elaborate grottoed fountain, sculpture, and paintings based on Ovid’sMetamorphoses. The pictorial program of the painted loggias combines images of mythological ardor with illusionistic interlopers from everyday court life who make punning references to the pursuit of love. The sources for the garden can be found in Italian and French prototypes, yet the program of decorations creates a variety of associations that were unique to the patron, Duke Wilhelm V of Bavaria. The material and subject matter also reflect contemporary theories about art, nature, and the ordering of knowledge that informed the earliest cabinets of curiosities, where collections of art and natural objects were brought together in the so-calledKunstkammer. The garden was meant to engage all of the senses in a sanctuary that stimulated sensual thoughts while provoking broader contemplation about creativity and art.
Ideal Men: Masculinity and Decline in Seventeenth-Century Spain*
Authors: Lehfeldt Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2008

This article examines how the experience and critique of their country’s decline led Spaniards to craft a distinct discourse of masculinity in the seventeenth century. As they self-consciously examined Spain’s crisis and offered political and economic solutions, these same writers also offered a scathing critique of standards of masculinity. Using the figure of the ideal nobleman as a case study, the article examines how moralists,arbitristas, and hagiographers constructed a dynamic code of manhood linked to questions of productivity, male chastity, and military performance. Further, it argues that this discourse was ultimately nostalgic and failed to adapt itself to the circumstances of the seventeenth century.
Preaching Magnificence in Renaissance Florence*
Authors: Howard Peter
Published: June 2008

The magnificence with which the Florentine Renaissance is synonymous derived its power from a virtue elucidated and disseminated by influential preachers as early as the 1420s. Most notably, Sant’ Antonino Pierozzi O.P. — preacher, reformer, confidant of Cosimo de’ Medici, and eventually the city’s archbishop — drew on and creatively adapted the language of Aquinas and others to forge a public theology of magnificence apposite to the needs of his city and consonant with its republican values. This was well before the mid-1450s and the treatise of Timoteo Maffei which thus far has been the focus of scholarly attention.
Printing Ritual: The Performance of Community in Christopher Plantin’s La Joyeuse & Magnifique Entrée de Monseigneur Francoys … d’Anjou*
Authors: Peters Emily J.
Published: June 2008

Printed commemorations of Renaissance pageantry have been used as important sources of knowledge about the people and circumstances surrounding key political events, with less attention paid to the internal structure and original function of the printed works themselves. This essay explores a particular commemorative book and its illustrations as a case study of the collaborative construction of civic identity in the sixteenth-century Netherlands. It considers the growing conception of print as a space for communal definition and political diplomacy, functioning not as a replacement for civic ritual, but an analog to it.
Entropy Means Nothing to Me
Authors: Wynne-Jones Tim
Published: June 2008

Wynne-Jones identifies and holds up for inspection a form of over-arching metaphorical construction he labels "The Mind of Narrative." In this species of figurative language, an event or central image is seen to permeate a work of fiction, exerting a "gravitational tug" on the actions of the narrative. The author equates the mind of narrative to the "ghost in the machine." He uses the example of a single song lyric to show this literary effect at work, then examines several contemporary children's novels in which the so called mind of narrative is made to appear manifest.
The Elementary Particles of Narrative
Authors: Pullman Philip
Published: June 2008

What are narratives made of? That's the question. Mark Turner's explanation of image schemas in the Literary Mind provides the impetus for using the principles of elementary particle physics as metaphors for the merging, splitting, and iterations of complex narrative structures. In my study of the dynamics of filling up and pouring out of bounded containers narrative, I will stop periodically, to look closely at, among other items: paintings by Vermeer, Rembrandt and Goya, poetry by Coleridge and Eliot, New Yorker cartoons—and my own stories.
Particles in Suspension
Authors: Turner Megan Whalen
Published: June 2008

Lured by Pullman, Rowling, and Galloway, a literary theorist becomes a convert to children's literature recognizing the possibilities of using this corpus to theorize everything from postmodernism to parody, from irony to adaptation. Children's books are often about adaptation to the loss of a parent or home. The adaptation of children's fiction to other media flourishes today in everything from films and television to computer games and theme parks. Like the adapted novels and stories, these adaptations too are "crossover" works aimed at a double audience the adult experiencing with the child or the adult the child become.
Seeing Inside the Mountains: Cynthia Rylant's Appalachian Literature and the "Hillbilly" Stereotype
Authors: Roggenkamp Karen
Published: June 2008

"Seeing Inside the Mountains: Cynthia Rylant's Appalachian Literature and the 'Hillbilly' Stereotype" examines Rylant's unsettling of Appalachian stereotype in the picture books When I Was Young in the Mountains and The Relatives Came and in the Newbery Medal-winning novel Missing May . Against a historical backdrop that envisions the residents of Appalachia either as noble savages or as white trash, Rylant projects a vision of deeply humanistic "interiority," a vision available only to those willing to read beyond external cultural codes.
A View Down the Microscope
Authors: Ellis Sarah
Published: June 2008

Sarah Ellis examines how details of storytelling—metaphor, point of view and non-linear narrative, work to deepen and enrich two young adult novels, Permanent Rose by Hilary McKay and How I Live Now by Meg Rosoff. In keeping with the conference theme of "particles of narrative," the analysis is constructed as a microscopic close up of the cellular structures of the novels.
Harry Potter and the Novice's Confession
Authors: Hutcheon Linda
Published: June 2008

Lured by Pullman, Rowling, and Galloway, a literary theorist becomes a convert to children's literature—recognizing the possibilities of using this corpus to theorize everything from postmodernism to parody, from irony to adaptation. Children's books are often about adaptation—to the loss of a parent or home. The adaptation of children's fiction to other media flourishes today—in everything from films and television to computer games and theme parks. Like the adapted novels and stories, these adaptations too are "crossover" works—aimed at a double audience—the adult experiencing with the child or the adult the child becomes.
Adaptive Assembly
Authors: Spring Peter
Published: June 2008

Adaptive Assembly is the name I have given to an integrative tool that I designed to harmonize participatory practices, creatively. This is needed because gaps in mutual understandings commonly emerge where collaborative teams include members from different disciplinary backgrounds and/or cognitive styles. Adaptive Assembly is a new approach to closing the gap between dispersed information and a task's participants. Here, co-authorship is also a cooperative act; therefore writing can be understood within the same terms of reference as design practice. For writers, Adaptive Assembly situates information in an ecological context by which to enable inter-relationships, and from which, newly dynamic information can emerge (e.g., subjects and hidden contexts). The benefit of this ecological method draws participants such as co-authors together to enable a focus and maps out paths towards its realization (e.g., chapters and their categories), each to be envisaged and implemented, incrementally.
Unnatural fact: the fictions of Robert Smithson
Authors: White Duncan
Published: June 2008

Robert Smithson is an influential figure in the history of contemporary writing in creative practice. Indebted as his work is to Lewis Carroll, Edgar Allan Poe, Vladimir Nabakov and Antonin Artaud this paper will argue for a distinctly literary examination of Robert Smithson's art.
Smithson is best known for his earth-works such as The Spiral Jetty (1972) and Asphalt Rundown (1969) in which he offsets cultural and natural forms of production. Yet Smithson's site-specific practice must be situated in terms of his textual approach. By focusing on aspects
of Smithson's writing which call into question mediation, representation, mimesis and documentary, the paper will demonstrate how, throughout Smithson's approach, writing is a means of unsettling the cultural and the textual space of art production. Texts such as A Museum of Language in the
Vicinity of Art (1968), The Spiral Jetty (1969) and A Tour of the Monuments of Passaic (1967) are written in correspondence with artworks as a means of relocating the place of production with the reader. The Spiral Jetty essay, for instance, which combines aspects of photography, documentary
and film-making stages the Jetty's production by drawing attention to its form as a textual, cultural and factual production. The paper will argue, as indeed Smithson's obsessively essayistic reportage seems to acknowledge, that The Spiral Jetty is a matter of writing. Emblematic of
Smithson's work with site-specificity more broadly, the paper will argue that the earthwork exists most fully in the correspondence between writing and fact.
The Critical in Design (Part One)
Authors: Dilnot Clive
Published: June 2008

What could be a criticality in design? What could be a form of resistance in design? Is design a catalyst between art and capital and therefore always subjected to its role of functioning? Does design need a kind of external experimental space?

Questions presented to the Ph.D.-Design list-serve in December 2007 under the title Criticality in Design The Blind Spot by Kaja Gretinger, a design researcher at Jan Van Eyck Akadmie, Masstricht

The paper concerns the critical in design
which is examined under three headings: structurally, as an internal aspect of the processes of designing; economically, in terms of the internal collusion between (weak) design and the strength, persistence and lure of market forces and private interests; historically, in terms of the emergence
of a situationthe artificial becoming the horizon and medium of our existencethat now marks our times as one where design takes on new critical dimensions, above all in relation to securing and creating the conditions that can support a humane sustainable global futures.
Book Review
Authors: Woolley Martin
Published: June 2008

Designing for Micro-utopias; thinking beyond the possible, Wood, J., (2007) (Commissioning Editor, Professor Rachel Cooper), Ashgate, UK, ISBN 0-7546-4608-4, (222 pages)
Reviews
Authors: Poston-Anderson Barbara , Poston-Anderson Barbara , Pritchard Arthur , Iddon Martin , Etherington-Wright Christine , Lundskaer-Nielsen Miranda
Published: June 2008

Opera From the Greek: Studies in the Poetics of Appropriation, Michael Ewans (2007) Aldershot, Hampshire and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 216 pp., ISBN 978-0-7546-6099-6 (hbk), 55.00

Oklahoma! The Making of an American Musical, Tim Carter (2007) New Haven
and London: Yale University Press, 327 pp., ISBN 978-0-300-10619-0 (hbk), 20.00

Somewhere: The Life of Jerome Robbins, Amanda Vaill (2007) London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 675 pp., ISBN 978-0-2978-4797-7 (hbk), 25.00

Berio's Sequenzas: Essays on Performance, Composition
and Analysis, Janet K. Halfyard (ed.) Ashgate: Aldershot, 2007, xxii + 306 pp., ISBN 978-0-7546-5445-2 (hbk), 60.00

The British Musical Film, John Mundy (2007) Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 276 pp., ISBN 978-0-7190-6321-3 (pbk), 14.99

British
Pantomime Performance, Millie Taylor (2007) Bristol (UK) and Chicago (US): Intellect Books, 208 pp., ISBN 978-1-84150-174-1 (pbk), 19.95
Fusion multimodaler Daten am Beispiel eines Mikrolinsen-Arrays (Multimodal Data Fusion Exemplified on a Microlens Array)
Authors: Regin Johan , Westkämper Engelbert , Schröder Sven , Tünnermann Andreas , Duparré Angela , Ritter Martin , Staude Andreas , Goebbels Jürgen , Kranzmann Axel , Krämer Philipp , Weckenmann Albert , Zimmermann Jan , Sawodny Oliver , Lyda Wolfram , Osten Wolfgang
Published: June 2008

Die Zusammenführung von Messinformationen aus verschiedenen Verfahren ermöglicht eine einheitliche und umfassende Charakterisierung von 3D-Geometrien und deren Kenngrößen. Es werden Methoden zur Verarbeitung, Vereinigung und Auswertung von multimodalen und multiskaligen Messdaten vorgestellt und anhand beispielhafter Messungen konkretisiert. Ein eingesetzter Probenkörper, basierend auf einem Mikrolinsenarray, wird mittels taktiler, konfokaler, interferometrischer Verfahren sowie Röntgentomographie und Streulicht untersucht. Anhand der resultierenden Messdatensätze werden Rauheitsspektren berechnet und diese wiederum zu einem gemeinsamen Rauheitsspektrum des Probenkörpers fusioniert. Nach der Registrierung der Datensätze mittels einer Pyramidenstruktur und Referenzmarken wird ein multimodaler Vergleich der verwendeten Messgeräte möglich.
High-Density Linkage Maps and Sex-Linked Markers for the Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon)
Authors: Staelens Jan , Rombaut Debbie , Vercauteren Ilse , Argue Brad , Benzie John , Vuylsteke Marnik
Published: June 2008

We report on the construction of sex-specific high-density linkage maps and identification of sex-linked markers for the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Overall, we identified 44 male and 43 female linkage groups (2n = 88) from the analysis of 2306 AFLP markers segregating in three full-sib families, covering 2378 and 2362 cM, respectively. Twenty-one putatively homologous linkage groups, including the sex-linkage groups, were identified between the female and male linkage maps. Six sex-linked AFLP marker alleles were inherited from female parents in the three families, suggesting that the P. monodon adopts a WZ–ZZ sex-determining system. Two sex-linked AFLP markers, one of which we converted into an allele-specific assay, confirmed their association with sex in a panel of 52 genetically unrelated animals.
Efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo Implementation of Bayesian Analysis of Additive and Dominance Genetic Variances in Noninbred Pedigrees
Authors: Waldmann Patrik , Hallander Jon , Hoti Fabian , Sillanpää Mikko J
Published: June 2008

Accurate and fast computation of quantitative genetic variance parameters is of great importance in both natural and breeding populations. For experimental designs with complex relationship structures it can be important to include both additive and dominance variance components in the statistical model. In this study, we introduce a Bayesian Gibbs sampling approach for estimation of additive and dominance genetic variances in the traditional infinitesimal model. The method can handle general pedigrees without inbreeding. To optimize between computational time and good mixing of the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) chains, we used a hybrid Gibbs sampler that combines a single site and a blocked Gibbs sampler. The speed of the hybrid sampler and the mixing of the single-site sampler were further improved by the use of pretransformed variables. Two traits (height and trunk diameter) from a previously published diallel progeny test of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and two large simulated data sets with different levels of dominance variance were analyzed. We also performed Bayesian model comparison on the basis of the posterior predictive loss approach. Results showed that models with both additive and dominance components had the best fit for both height and diameter and for the simulated data with high dominance. For the simulated data with low dominance, we needed an informative prior to avoid the dominance variance component becoming overestimated. The narrow-sense heritability estimates in the Scots pine data were lower compared to the earlier results, which is not surprising because the level of dominance variance was rather high, especially for diameter. In general, the hybrid sampler was considerably faster than the blocked sampler and displayed better mixing properties than the single-site sampler.
Extraordinary Tertiary Constrictions of Tripsacum dactyloides Chromosomes: Implications for Karyotype Evolution of Polyploids Driven by Segmental Chromosome Losses
Authors: Koo Dal-Hoe , Jiang Jiming
Published: June 2008

Tripsacum dactyloides (2n = 2x = 36) is an ancient tetraploid species. Here we report that T. dactyloides chromosomes contain an extraordinary tertiary constriction, which causes a radical and distant separation of a terminal segment from the chromosome. The relationships between extraordinary tertiary constriction and segmental chromosome loss as well as karyotype evolution of polyploid species are discussed.
Using Directional Feeders to Feed Juvenile Coho Salmon in an Attempt to Increase Adult Survivals
Authors: Tipping Jack M
Published: June 2008

This study compared adult survivals of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch fed with nonmoving directional feeders with fish fed by hand. In each of 2 years, two net-pens each of coded-wire-tagged coho salmon juveniles were fed with either directional feeders or by hand from January until release in May–June. Adult return rates were compared using analysis of variance, and no significant difference in fish survival was detected between the two feeding methods; mean recoveries were 2.43% and 2.45% for directional-feeder and hand-fed fish, respectively. However, directional feeders could provide labor savings if water-feed fouling were avoided.
Linking Landscapes and Habitat Suitability Scores for Diadromous Fish Restoration in the Susquehanna River Basin
Authors: Kocovsky Patrick M. , Ross Robert M. , Dropkin David S. , Campbell John M.
Published: June 2008

Dams within the Susquehanna River drainage, Pennsylvania, are potential barriers to migration of diadromous fishes, and many are under consideration for removal to facilitate fish passage. To provide useful input for prioritizing dam removal, we examined relations between landscape-scale factors and habitat suitability indices (HSIs) for native diadromous species of the Susquehanna River. We used two different methods (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service method: Stier and Crance (1985), Ross et al. (1993a, 1993b, 1997), and Pardue (1983); Pennsylvania State University method: Carline et al. (1994)) to calculate HSIs for several life stages of American shad Alosa sapidissima, alewives Alosa pseudoharengus, and blueback herring Alosa aestivalis and a single HSI for American eels Anguilla rostrata based on habitat variables measured at transects spaced every 5 km on six major Susquehanna River tributaries. Using geographical information systems, we calculated land use and geologic variables upstream from each transect and associated those data with HSIs calculated at each transect. We then performed canonical correlation analysis to determine how HSIs were linked to geologic and land use factors. Canonical correlation analysis identified the proportion of watershed underlain by carbonate rock as a positive correlate of HSIs for all species and life stages except American eels and juvenile blueback herring. We hypothesize that potential mechanisms linking carbonate rock to habitat suitability include increased productivity and buffering capacity. No other consistent patterns of positive or negative correlation between landscape-scale factors and HSIs were evident. This analysis will be useful for prioritizing removal of dams in the Susquehanna River drainage, because it provides a broad perspective on relationships between habitat suitability for diadromous fishes and easily measured landscape factors. This approach can be applied elsewhere to elucidate relationships between fine- and coarse-scale variables and suitability of habitat for fishes.
Positive Effects of Agricultural Land Use Changes on Coldwater Fish Communities in Southwest Wisconsin Streams
Authors: Marshall David W. , Fayram Andrew H. , Panuska John C. , Baumann James , Hennessy Joseph
Published: June 2008

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a federal program that encourages the planting of cool- or warm-season grass cover on highly erodible croplands and along stream corridors. We sought to determine whether fish community structure in coldwater streams was associated with CRP and other agricultural land use changes in southwestern Wisconsin. We compared coldwater fish index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores and species richness in streams located in areas of relatively high (21.3% of land area; high-CRP area) versus relatively low (12.1% of land area; low-CRP area) CRP participation. All of the streams were sampled in the 1970s before implementation of the CRP and again at the same locations after implementation, from 2000 to 2005. Pre-CRP fish communities were characterized by a relatively high diversity of eurythermal species and low coldwater IBI scores. We found significant increases in coldwater IBI scores over time in streams within the high-CRP area relative to streams within the low-CRP area. Fish populations in streams within the high-CRP area shifted from eurythermal and tolerant species before CRP implementation to stenothermal, cool- and coldwater species after implementation. Ecological responses within the high-CRP streams also included a reduction in species richness. Without intensive monitoring of watershed nutrients, the fish community changes cannot be mechanistically linked to specific land use practices. However, we demonstrate that IBI scores and species richness were correlated with phosphorus loading estimates and that predicted phosphorus reductions were greater within the high-CRP grassland area. The estimated phosphorus loading declines reflected reduced cropland areas and reduced density of dairy farms. The estimates did not capture all environmental factors, such as trends in production of hogs and cattle or streamflow regime changes associated with conservation practices. We conclude that the combination of extensive grassland management, livestock reductions, and other long-term agricultural land use changes benefited the coldwater fish communities within the high-CRP area.
The Application of Rapid Microsatellite-Based Stock Identification to Management of a Chinook Salmon Troll Fishery off the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia
Authors: Beacham Terry D. , Winther Ivan , Jonsen Kimberly L. , Wetklo Michael , Deng Langtuo , Candy John R.
Published: June 2008

Since 1995, the Northern British Columbia (NBC) troll fishery has been managed to reduce exploitation on stocks of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the West Coast of Vancouver Island (WCVI). Before 2002, management actions in the NBC troll fishery were generally large-scale quota reductions and area closures that resulted in substantially reduced catches of Chinook salmon relative to the existing quota. Since 2002, in-season microsatellite-based stock identification has been used to address WCVI Chinook salmon management in the NBC troll fishery. The change in management strategy has resulted in increased quota utilization and increased catches of approximately 390,000 fish during 2002–2005. The increased catch in the fishery was concurrent with average fishing mortality on the main WCVI hatchery indicator stock declining from an average 3.3% during the era of reduced catches (1995–2001) to 2.3% since 2002, when in-season, microsatellite-based stock identification was applied to guide the locations and timing of NBC troll fishery openings.
Global Review of the Physical and Biological Effectiveness of Stream Habitat Rehabilitation Techniques
Authors: Roni Phil , Hanson Karrie , Beechie Tim
Published: June 2008

The degradation of inland aquatic habitats caused by decades of human activities has led to worldwide efforts to rehabilitate freshwater habitats for fisheries and aquatic resources. We reviewed published evaluations of stream rehabilitation techniques from throughout the world, including studies on road improvement, riparian rehabilitation, floodplain connectivity and rehabilitation, instream habitat improvement, nutrient addition, and other, less-common techniques. We summarize current knowledge about the effectiveness of these techniques for improving physical habitat and water quality and increasing fish and biotic production. Despite locating 345 studies on effectiveness of stream rehabilitation, firm conclusions about many specific techniques were difficult to make because of the limited information provided on physical habitat, water quality, and biota and because of the short duration and limited scope of most published evaluations. Reconnection of isolated habitats, floodplain rehabilitation, and instream habitat improvement have, however, proven effective for improving habitat and increasing local fish abundance under many circumstances. Techniques such as riparian rehabilitation, road improvements (sediment reduction), dam removal, and restoration of natural flood regimes have shown promise for restoring natural processes that create and maintain habitats, but no long-term studies documenting their success have yet been published. Our review demonstrates that the failure of many rehabilitation projects to achieve objectives is attributable to inadequate assessment of historic conditions and factors limiting biotic production; poor understanding of watershed-scale processes that influence localized projects; and monitoring at inappropriate spatial and temporal scales. We suggest an interim approach to sequencing rehabilitation projects that partially addresses these needs through protecting high-quality habitats and restoring connectivity and watershed processes before implementing instream habitat improvement projects.
Classification Tree Models for Predicting Distributions of Michigan Stream Fish from Landscape Variables
Authors: Steen Paul J. , Zorn Troy G. , Seelbach Paul W. , Schaeffer Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2008

Traditionally, fish habitat requirements have been described from local‐scale environmental variables. However, recent studies have shown that studying landscape‐scale processes improves our understanding of what drives species assemblages and distribution patterns across the landscape. Our goal was to learn more about constraints on the distribution of Michigan stream fish by examining landscape‐scale habitat variables. We used classification trees and landscape‐scale habitat variables to create and validate presence‐absence models and relative abundance models for Michigan stream fishes. We developed 93 presence‐absence models that on average were 72% correct in making predictions for an independent data set, and we developed 46 relative abundance models that were 76% correct in making predictions for independent data. The models were used to create statewide predictive distribution and abundance maps that have the potential to be used for a variety of conservation and scientific purposes.
Chemical Recovery of Gas Hydrates Using Fluorine Gas and Microwave Technology
Authors: Garg Rachit , Ogra Konark , Choudhary Arpit , Menezes Richard
Published: June 2008

Methane gas hydrates are cages of water molecule that trap small, low molecular weight gas molecules e.g. methane, ethane, hydrogen sulfide etc. the enormous quantity of gas stored in them (1m3 G.H = 180m3) makes them an important area of research for the scientist and petroleum engineers.

Over the years the various theoretical techniques for recovery of the gas hydrates are Lthermal injection 2.inhibitors 3.depressurization. However due to inefficient and economic unfeasibility it is difficult to recover the methane from gas hydrates.

Low injectivity reservoir, small thickness of G.H bearing zone, heat loss especially in permafrost region, also the cost of the inhibitors (which change the thermodynamic condition) is litre of methanol makes it uneconomical, finally depressurization of an adjacent free gas zone can effectively dissociate hydrate but the endothermic nature of the hydrate decomposition will decrease the reservoir temperature and which may temporarily decrease the flow rate. The technical problems with estimating the gas hydrate are

Technology to safely and economically produce methane from G.H deposits. Safety and drill floor stability related issues related to drilling through G.H bearing accumulations.

This paper deals with a new technique of a recovery of methane from G.H.This technique involves use of a micro strip antenna which has huge power gain and is relatively inexpensive, with wire line the tool is placed in well bore and frequency of 2450 MHz is released which melt the G.H into water and methyl radical (as they are almost similar to ice) such that they disturb the thermodynamic condition, then the fluorine is injected, this results in reaction between methyl radical and injected fluorine (halogenation), which is strongly exothermic (-431KJ/mole), this reaction propagates the reaction and simultaneously we have solubility of methyl fluoride with water which is 166cc/ 100 ml of water. This pressurized gas solution is then recovered via tubing from production well. Later by applying wurtz reaction, electrolysis and cracking methane can be recovered.

The main advantage of using this technique is micro waves interact strongly with some materials and weakly with others, energy absorption depends on microwave frequency, sample composition, temperature. The chemical compound fluorine is abundant in nature (540000ppb) and methyl fluoride is environmental friendly.

In this technique, the pressure of the fluids in contact with hydrate is lowered, pushing the hydrate out of its stability region and leading to its decomposition. Because no extra heat is introduced into the reservoir, the heat of decomposition must be supplied from the surrounding formation.
Evaluation of Rigless Water Shutoff Treatments to be Used in Arab-C Carbonate Reservoir in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Dhafeeri A. M. , Nasr-El-Din H. A. , Al-Harith A. M.
Published: June 2008

A multi-lateral oil-producing well A was killed due to excessive water production from Arab-C that is dumping into the Arab-D reservoir. Therefore, the communication between Arab-C and Arab-D where behind the expandable liner is urgently needed to be blocked. Several solutions were investigated in an attempt to stop this flow behind casing. This problem is always a challenging task for field operators. The effect of excess water production on the productive zone, Arab-D reservoir will be substantial in terms of changes in relative permeability of this zone and increased water saturation. This change in the reservoir behavior will result in reduction of well life.

The dead well A is a valuable asset that needs to be effectively utilized throughout the producing life of the field. Therefore, remedial treatments to revive this well are of value in terms of strategic plan to maximize revenues. Although the rigless water conformance method in a multi-lateral oil-producing well is a difficult task to the oil companies because of reservoir heterogeneity, cross-flow, gel placement, and cost.

Several options of water shutoff treatment are proposed to address remedial treatments for water conformance problems. The main objective of this study is to: 1) Identify and characterize the source of produced water, 2) Identify the chemical blocking agents that will flow through the water out zone, and 3) identify an effective technique to optimize the size and the placement of these chemicals. Challenges, design criteria, and field treatment evaluation are addressed in this paper.
A Simple and Accurate Mathematical Model for Predicting Productivity of Multifractured Horizontal Wells
Authors: Guo Boyun , Yu Xiance
Published: June 2008

Horizontal wells drilled in the direction of the minimum horizontal stress allow for multiple transverse fractures be hydraulically created for enhancing well productivity in low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs. Dominating factors affecting the productivity of the multi-fractured horizontal wells vary with reservoir and fracture properties, as well as well trajectories. A simple and accurate mathematical model for evaluating and optimizing productivity of this type of wells is not available and is highly desirable to reservoir engineers. This paper fills the gap.

After a case study with existing analytical models that were derived for multi-fractured wells we found that these models cannot describe the performance of oil wells with acceptable accuracy. We then formulated a simple analytical model that better describes the productivity of multi-fractured horizontal wells. The new model couples the radial flow in the non-fractured region of reservoir, the linear flow toward the fractures in the fractured region, the linear flow in the fracture, and the radial flow in the fracture toward the horizontal wellbore. It can model pseudo-steady state flow of reservoir fluids in sections reservoir of any shape with the fractured region being located at any area in the reservoir. The difference between the production rate given by the new model and the actual production rates was found to be less than 5% in the two cases studied. This paper provides reservoir engineers a simple and accurate tool for predicting, evaluating, and optimizing the performance of multi-fractured horizontal oil and gas wells.
Effect of Oilfield Scale Deposition on Mobility Ratio
Authors: Fadairo A. S. , Omole O. , Falode O. A.
Published: June 2008

Scaling phenomenon is a major problem that occurs when water is injected for oil displacement and pressure maintenance in oilfields. This phenomenon of precipitation and accumulation of oilfield scale due to incompatibility between formation and injected water is induced around the well bore after water breakthrough at reduced reservoir pressure. The effect results in formation damage which may negatively impact on reservoir performance well bore performance and the success of water flooding project that depends on mobility ratio. This paper presents an analytical model based on existing thermodynamic models for predicting brine mobility, hydrocarbon mobility and mobility ratio of water flooded reservoir with possible incidence of scale precipitation and accumulation. The key operational and reservoir/brine parameters which influence the mobility ratio such as salt concentration in the brine, produced water rate, pressure drawdown, reservoir temperature were identified using this model.

Results of the study shows that the mobility ratio of a water flooded reservoir remains constant until water breakthrough and achieves an increasing local maximum at 10% pore volume injected water as the flow rate of produced water increases with a significant jump beyond the critical flow rate observed at mobility ratio of 1. Similar results corroborating above were obtained with variation in skin factor.

This model therefore can be used to diagnose, evaluate and simulate mobility ratio and skin factor in a water flood scheme enabling production engineers plan an economically efficient water flood scheme.