bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dehydrative Glycosylation Enabled by a Comproportionation Reaction of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐dithiane 1‐Oxide†
Authors: Cai Lei , Zeng Jing , Li Ting , Xiao Ying , Ma Xiang , Xiao Xiong , Zhang Qin , Meng Lingkui , Wan Qian
Published: October 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

A new dehydrative glycosylation reaction has been established by capitalizing on the comproportionation reaction of 2‐aryl‐1,3‐dithiane 1‐oxides promoted by triflic anhydride (Tf2O). By wedding the high potency of thiophilic promoter system with the step efficiency of dehydrative glycosylation, this reagent underwent facile intermolecular oxothio acetalization with C1‐hemiacetal donor to install a temporary leaving group, rendering a transient electrophilic center at the remote site to the anomeric position. The sulfenyl triflate tethered at the terminus concomitantly activated the sulfide intramolecularly to afford the oxocarbenium ion, thereby facilitating the title glycosylation. Aside from accommodating broad range functional groups and inactive hemiacetal substrates, the present activation protocol also proved expedient for 1,3‐diol protection. Most importantly, this method further provided a fresh perspective for the application of sulfur chemistry to carbohydrate chemistry.
Facilities that service economically advantaged neighborhoods perform surgical metastasectomy more often for patients with colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Uppal Abhineet , Smieliauskas Fabrice , Sharma Manish R. , Maron Steven B. , Polite Blase N. , Posner Mitchell C. , Turaga Kiran
Published: October 2019

Background

Metastasectomy of isolated colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) requires significant clinical expertise and may not be readily available or offered. The authors hypothesized that hospitals that treat a greater percentage of patients from higher income catchment areas are more likely to perform metastasectomies regardless of patient or tumor characteristics.

Methods

Using the National Cancer Data Base, the authors classified facilities into facility income quartiles (FIQs) based on the percentage of patients from the wealthiest neighborhoods (by zip code). Quartile 1 included facilities with <2.1% of the patients residing within the highest income zip codes, quartile 2 included facilities with 2.2% to 15.6% of patients residing within the highest income zip codes, quartile 3 included facilities with 15.7% to 40.2% of patients residing within the highest income zip codes, and quartile 4 included facilities with 40.3% to 90.5% of patients residing within the highest income ZIP codes. Patient, tumor, and facility characteristics were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression to identify associations between metastasectomy and FIQ.

Results

Patients with CRLM were more likely to undergo metastasectomy at facilities in the highest FIQ compared with the lowest FIQ (18% vs 11% in FIQ4; P = .001). This trend was not observed in the resection of primary tumors for nonmetastatic CRLM (rates of 95% vs 93%; P = .94). After adjusting for individual insurance status, distance traveled, zip code–level individual income, tumor, and host, patients who were treated at the highest FIQ facilities were found to be more likely to undergo metastasectomy (odds ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.72 [P = .03]).

Conclusions

Metastasectomy for CRLM is more likely to occur at facilities that serve a greater percentage of patients from high‐income catchment areas, regardless of individual patient characteristics. This disparity uniquely affects those patients with advanced cancers for which specialized expertise for therapy is necessary.
Rapid Detection of AIB1 in Breast Cancer Cells Based on Aptamer‐Functionalized Nanomotors
Authors: Beltrán‐Gastélum Mara , Esteban‐Fernández de Ávila Berta , Gong Hua , Venugopalan Pooyath Lekshmy , Hianik Tibor , Wang Joseph , Subjakova Veronika
Published: October 2019

Herein, we report ultrasound‐propelled graphene‐oxide coated gold nanowire motors, functionalized with fluorescein‐labeled DNA aptamers (FAM‐AIB1‐apt), for qualitative detection of overexpressed AIB1 oncoproteins in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. The movement of nanomotors under the ultrasound field facilitated intracellular uptake and resulted in a faster aptamer binding with the target protein and thus faster fluorescence recovery. The propulsion behavior of the aptamer functionalized nanomotors greatly enhanced the fluorescence intensity compared to static conditions. The new aptamer@nanomotor‐based strategy offers considerable potential for further development of sensing methodologies towards diagnosis of breast cancer.
Miniaturized Energy Storage Devices Based on Two‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Jiang Kang , Weng Qunhong
Published: October 2019

A growing demand for miniaturized biomedical sensors, microscale self‐powered electronic systems, and many other portable, wearable, and integratable electronic devices is continually stimulating the rapid development of miniaturized energy storage devices (MESDs). Miniaturized batteries (MBs) and supercapacitors (MSCs) were considered to be suitable energy storage devices to power microelectronics uninterruptedly with reasonable energy and power densities. However, in addition to similar challenges encountered with electrode materials in conventional energy storage devices, their performances are also greatly affected by microfabrication technologies, as well as the challenges of how to realize stable and high‐performance MESDs in such a limited footprint area. Benefiting from the unique architectural engineering of two‐dimensional materials and the emergence of precise and controllable microfabrication techniques, the output electrochemical performances of MSCs and MBs are improving rapidly. This minireview summarizes recent advances in MSCs and MBs built from two‐dimensional materials, including electrode/device configuration designs, material synthesis, microfabrication processes, smart function incorporations, and system integrations. An introduction to configurations of the MESDs, from linear fibrous shapes, planar sandwich thin‐film or interdigital structures, to three‐dimensional configurations, is presented. The fundamental influences of the electrode material and configuration designs on the exhibited MB/MSC electrochemical performances are also highlighted.
Automatically Controlled Microfluidic System for Continuous Separation of Rare Bacteria from Blood
Authors: Yoon Taehee , Moon Hui‐Sung , Song Jae‐Woo , Hyun Kyung‐A , Jung Hyo‐Il
Published: October 2019

Bloodstream infection by microorganisms is a major public health concern worldwide. Millions of people per year suffer from microbial infections, and current blood culture‐based diagnostic methods are time‐consuming because of the low concentration of infectious microorganisms in the bloodstream. In this study, we introduce an efficient automated microfluidic system for the continuous isolation of rare infectious bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) from blood. Bacteria received a balanced force between a fluidic drag force and a periodically controlled dielectrophoretic (DEP) force from tilted electrodes to minimize cell adhesion to the electrodes, which prevented the loss of rare infectious bacteria. Target bacteria were efficiently segregated from the undesired blood cells to ensure that only the bacteria received the DEP force under the hypotonic condition, while the blood cells received no DEP force and exited the channel via a laminar flow. Thus, the bacteria were successfully extracted from the blood with a high recovery yield of 91.3%, and the limit of the bacteria concentration for isolation was 100 cfu/ml. We also developed an automated system that performed every step from blood‐sample loading to application of electricity to the microfluidic chip for bacteria separation. It reduced the standard deviation of the bacteria recovery yield from 6.16 to 2.77 compared with the conventional batch process, providing stable bacteria‐extraction performance and minimizing errors and bacteria loss caused by user mistakes. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Metastatic pheochromocytoma to the pancreas diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Yang Shanna X. , Dogra Vikram S. , Kothari Truptesh H. , Reyes Maria Cecilia D.
Published: October 2019

Pancreatic pheochromocytomas are rare and typically diagnosed by local resection. We present the first reported case of metastatic pheochromocytoma to the pancreas diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) and cytology. A 67‐year‐old female presented with 2 to 3 months of abdominal pain. A CT scan showed a large mass in the head of the pancreas engulfing the superior mesentery artery and vein, along with a large mass in the left adrenal gland. An EUS‐FNA was performed on the pancreatic mass with a 22‐gauge needle, yielding an adequate sample. Papanicolaou stain, Diff‐Quik, and cell block showed loosely cohesive clustered tumor cells and singly dispersed pleomorphic naked tumor nuclei with anisonucleosis and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Tumor cells stained positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and CD56 and negative for CK AE1/3 and CK AE1/3‐CAM5.2 cytokeratin cocktail. Because of cytokeratin negativity, diffusely positive neuroendocrine markers, and the presence of an adrenal mass, a metastatic malignant pheochromocytoma was suspected. Additional testing showed elevations in plasma metanephrines and normetanephrines, urine metanephrine‐to‐creatinine and normetanephrine‐to‐creatinine ratios, and serum chromogranin A. An iodine123‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan was obtained, which showed significantly increased MIBG uptake in the left adrenal lesion. A diagnosis of metastatic malignant pheochromocytoma was made. Surgical oncology was consulted, who recommended against resection of the adrenal mass in favor of outpatient management. Metastatic pheochromocytoma to the pancreas are rare tumors that may yield diagnostic material by EUS‐FNA with a 22‐gauge needle.
Unusual trifecta of infections, aspiration, and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma in a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen
Authors: Wang Brant G. , Mani Haresh , Wang Zoe Q. , Nayer Zacharia , Khan Jawad
Published: October 2019

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a useful procedure to evaluate lung infiltrates in order to identify infection, foreign body aspiration, and neoplasms. However, it is indeed unusual to find all three in the same sample. We report such a case in a 68‐year‐old male with a history of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma and longstanding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who presented with features of pneumonia. BAL revealed Aspergillus and parainfluenza infections, food particle aspiration pneumonia, as well as metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. The food particles were initially confused for yeast infection, but we finally identified them as nut products. This may be the first documented case of nut product aspiration diagnosed on BAL. The potential pitfalls that may complicate the evaluation are also discussed.
A preliminary survey of medium and large‐sized mammals from Lebu Natural Protected Forest, Southwest Showa, Ethiopia
Authors: Qufa Chala Adugna , Bekele Afework
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted to determine the species composition and diversity of medium and large‐sized mammals from Lebu Natural Protected Forest, Ethiopia. Surveys were conducted to record mammals through direct observation and indirect evidence from three habitat types, namely: natural forest, bushland, and riverine forest. A total of 15 mammalian species were recorded. The species recorded were Papio anubis, Chlorocebus aethiops, Tragelaphus scriptus, Canis aureus, Crocuta crocuta, Panthera pardus, Procavia capensis, Colobus guereza, Sylvicapra grimmia, Orycteropus afer, Helogale parvula, Hystrix cristata, Lepus fagani, Potamochoerus larvatus, and Phacochoeus africanus. A total of 223 records of observations were compiled. About 74% of these records (N = 167) were obtained from direct sight, whereas the rest was recorded through indirect evidence. The dominant order recorded was order Primates (57.4%) followed by order Artiodactyla (17.5%) while the least record was order Lagomorpha (1.34%). The species richness varied across the stratified habitat types. However, there is no significant difference in Shannon–Wiener Index values between the habitat types. The species diversity of the study area was H′ = 2.119. The present study area is of great potential area for the conservation of the species. Long‐term detailed studies should be carried out for effective conservation and management initiatives in the study area.
Au Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Silaboration of Aryl‐Substituted Cyclopropyl Aldehydes Forming Rearranged β‐Boronate Silyl Enol Ethers
Authors: Kotzabasaki Vasiliki , Kidonakis Marios , Vasilikogiannaki Eleni , Stratakis Manolis
Published: October 2019

2‐Aryl‐substituted cyclopropyl aldehydes undergo an unprecedented Au nanoparticle‐catalyzed silaboration leading to rearranged linear β‐boronate‐bearing silyl enol ethers. Formation of these products is attributed to the ring opening radical clock rearrangement of the intermediate α‐cyclopropyl radical into a benzyl radical.
Novel Fe2O3@CeO2 Coreshell‐based Electrochemical Nanosensor for the Voltammetric Determination of Norepinephrine
Authors: Mazloum‐Ardakani Mohammad , Alizadeh Zahra , Sabaghian Fariba , Mirjalili BiBiFatemeh , Salehi Naeimeh
Published: October 2019

A new selective carbon paste electrode (CPE), was applied as an electrochemical sensor for the detection of norepinephrine (NOE). The sensor was modified with 6‐amino‐4‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐3‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐c],pyrazole‐5‐carbonitrile (ADPC) assisted Fe2O3@CeO2 coreshell nanoparticles (CNs) synthesized by simple method. To identify the redox properties of the modified electrode, and to examine its electrochemical properties, cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were conducted. Through electrochemical investigations, the coefficient of electron transfer between ADPC and the CNs/CPE (i. e. carbon paste electrode which was modified with CNs), the apparent charge transfer rate constant (ks), and the diffusion coefficient (D) were calculated. The NOE oxidation occurred at the optimum pH of 7.0 and a potential that was about 235 mV less positive than that of the unmodified carbon paste electrode. The interaction between the two metals in the Fe2O3@CeO2 coreshell led to an increase in the surface area and, consequently a sharp increase in the current. The differential pulse voltammogram of NOE showed two linear dynamic ranges an excellent detection limit (3σ) of 40 nM. In addition, NOE, AC and Trp were simultaneously determined at the modified electrode. Finally, NOE was quantitated in a number of real samples.
Investigation of various maintenance parameters for auxiliaries in a coal‐handling plant aided by a Visual Basic 6.0–based scheduled program
Authors: Pattanayak Satyajit , Mishra Laxman , Gurung Jackson
Published: October 2019

Schedule maintenance programs rely on the analysis of collected data during running and shut down time. In a preventive maintenance program, it is difficult to a priori determine the time limit or set an alarm indicating the failure time of a specific component. To this end, a Visual Basic 6.0–based software program is here proposed for a comprehensive running and maintenance database management. The developed software is capable of storing all relevant data related to parts, equipment, personnel, spares, failures, costs, etc, and displays a warning message when the expected life of a particular component has been reached. An unscheduled outage heavily impacts on the production cycle costs, depending on the nature of the failure and the damaged part. Since the variation of the used parts and equipment is high, it is not possible to have an all‐encompassing maintenance guide, which is applicable to all equipment. A successful program of preventive and routine maintenance may hence decrease equipment failures rates, extend equipment life, and drastically reduce the overall operating costs. Therefore, the present work can help in preventing unscheduled breakdown of operating systems due to a failure in a component.
Is food addiction a predictor of treatment outcome among patients with eating disorder?
Authors: Romero Xandra , Agüera Zaida , Granero Roser , Sánchez Isabel , Riesco Nadine , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Gisbert‐Rodriguez Montserrat , Sánchez‐González Jéssica , Casalé Gemma , Baenas Isabel , Valenciano‐Mendoza Eduardo , Menchon Jose M. , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Dieguez Carlos , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando
Published: October 2019

Objectives

The study aimed to examine whether food addiction (FA) was associated with greater severity in both binge eating disorders (BED) and bulimia nervosa and, therefore, to determine if FA was predictive of treatment outcome.

Method

Seventy‐one adult patients with bulimia nervosa and BED (42 and 29, respectively) participated in the study. FA was assessed by means of the Yale Food Addiction Scale.

Results

The results confirmed a high prevalence of FA in patients with binge disorders (around 87%) and also its association with a greater severity of the disorder (i.e., related to an increased eating psychopathology and greater frequency of binge eating episodes). Although FA did not appear as a predictor of treatment outcome in general terms, when the diagnostic subtypes were considered separately, FA was associated with poor prognosis in the BED group. In this vein, FA appeared as a mediator in the relationship between ED severity and treatment outcome.

Discussions

Our findings suggest that FA may act as an indicator of ED severity, and it would be a predictor of treatment outcome in BED but not in BN.
SD‐MAC: Design and evaluation of a software‐defined passive optical intrarack network in data centers
Authors: Cai Yueping , Yao Zongchen , Li Tianchi , Luo Sen , Zhou Li
Published: October 2019

With rapid development of cloud computing services, traffic in data centers (DCs) increases dramatically. Top‐of‐rack Ethernet switches dominate network cost and energy consumptions in DCs. Optical switching technologies have been introduced into DC networks to increase switching capacity and to reduce energy consumption. However, how to design high‐performance optical intrarack networks is still a great challenge. This paper presents a software‐defined passive optical intrarack network (SD‐POIRN) based on optical coupler fabrics. The data plane of SD‐POIRN is a broadcast‐and‐select optical network combining wavelength division multiplexing and time division multiplexing technologies. The control plane of SD‐POIRN has a centralized rack controller for scheduling intrarack data transmissions. This paper proposes a software‐defined media access control (SD‐MAC) protocol for SD‐POIRN. The SD‐MAC utilizes dynamic transmission and receiving server grouping methods and max‐min fair share bandwidth allocation algorithms to dynamically allocate bandwidth among servers in an efficient and fair manner. Network performance evaluation results show that, when the offered load is high, the proposed SD‐MAC protocol effectively increases network throughput and reduces average packet delay compared with previous works.
Pore size matching up: A novel insight into cotton textile aromatic finishing
Authors: Liu Xuan , Huang Liyun , Chen Huayan , Qian Michael C. , Ji Hongbing
Published: October 2019

Aromatic reservation is one of the key evaluation index of textiles which be finished with fragrant micro‐/nanocapsules, and some researches discover that when the fragrant micro‐/nanocapsules penetrating into the spacing of textiles, the resulting aromatic textiles own much better carrying capability of micro‐/nanocapsules. Based on these phenomena, hence in our research, the matching up between pore sizes of cotton textile and sizes of fragrant micro‐/nanocapsules is investigated systematically in order to reveal the size effect on the durability of fragrant micro‐/nanocapsules in cotton textile. Firstly, the pore sizes of cotton textile are analyzed by three different techniques: 3D X‐ray microscopy (Micro‐CT), nitrogen adsorption/desorption method (BET), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) technique. Based on the pore sizes obtained from MIP technique, citronella oil/chitosan micro‐/nanocapsules with three corresponding sizes are prepared and then applied on cotton textiles through vacuum impregnation process. The pore sizes of cotton textile measured by MIP technique decrease from before finishing to after finishing with nanocapsules, which states that nanocapsules are entrapped inside the pores of cotton textile. Finally, the washing durability of aromatic cotton textile is evaluated by headspace–solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) technique combining with GC‐MS which can keep the fragrant micro‐/nanocapsules unbroken to simulate the “real” sniffing environment. The results show that aromatic cotton textile treated with nanocapsules possesses much better washing durability, which is met up with the results of pore size measurements: More nanocapsules are penetrating into the spacing of cotton textile fibers even the pores in fibers.
Numerical simulation of compressible multifluid flows using an adaptive positivity‐preserving RKDG‐GFM approach
Authors: Ge Liang , Zhang A‐Man , Zhang Zhong‐Yu , Wang Shi‐Ping
Published: October 2019

The Runge‐Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method together with a refined real‐ghost fluid method is incorporated into an adaptive mesh refinement environment for solving compressible multifluid flows, where the level set method is used to capture the moving material interface. To ensure that the Riemann problem is exactly along the normal direction of the material interface, a simple and efficient modification is introduced into the original real‐ghost fluid method for constructing the interfacial Riemann problem, and the initial conditions of the Riemann problem are obtained directly from the solution polynomials of the discontinuous Galerkin finite element space. In addition, a positivity‐preserving limiter is introduced into the Runge‐Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method to suppress the failure of preserving positivity of density or pressure for the problems involving strong shock wave or shock interaction with material interface. For interfacial cells in adaptive mesh refinement, the data transfer between different grid levels is achieved by using a L2 projection approach along with the least squares fitting. Various numerical cases, including multifluid shock tubes, underwater explosions, and shock‐induced collapse of a underwater air bubble, are computed to assess the capability of the present adaptive positivity‐preserving RKDG‐GFM approach, and the simulated results show that the present approach is quite robust and can provide relatively reasonable results across a wide variety of flow regimes, even for problems involving strong shock wave or shock wave impacting high acoustic impedance mismatch material interface.
Reduction of acute mild stress corticosterone response and changes in stress‐responsive gene expression in male Balb/c mice after repeated administration of a Rhodiola rosea L. root extract
Authors: Dinel Anne‐Laure , Guinobert Isabelle , Lucas Céline , Blondeau Claude , Bardot Valérie , Ripoche Isabelle , Berthomier Lucile , Pallet Véronique , Layé Sophie , Joffre Corinne
Published: October 2019

Rhodiola rosea L. (R. rosea) is an adaptogenic plant increasing body resistance to stress. Its efficacy has been evidenced mainly in chronic stress models, data concerning its effect in acute stress and underlying mechanisms being scarce. The objective was to investigate the effect of repeated doses of a R. rosea hydroethanolic root extract (HRE) on hypothalamic pituitary adrenal response in a murine model of acute mild stress and also the mechanisms involved. Stress response was measured in Balb/c mice having received by gavage HRE (5 g/kg) or vehicle daily for 2 weeks before being submitted to an acute mild stress protocol (open‐field test then elevated plus maze). Corticosterone was measured in plasma from mandibular vein blood drawn before and 30, 60, and 90 min after initiation of the stress protocol. Mice were sacrificed at 90 min, and the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala were excised for high‐frequency RT‐PCR gene expression analysis. At 30 min after acute mild stress induction, corticosterone level in mice having received the HRE was lower than in control mice and comparable to that in nonstressed mice in the HRE group. HRE administration induced brain structure‐dependent changes in expression of several stress‐responsive genes implicated in neuronal structure, HPA axis activation, and circadian rhythm. In the acute mild stress model used, R. rosea HRE decreased corticosterone level and increased expression of stress‐responsive genes, especially in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that R. rosea HRE could be of value for modulating reactivity to acute mild stress.
What do we know about individual equity options?
Authors: Bernales Alejandro , Verousis Thanos , Voukelatos Nikolaos , Zhang Mengyu
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the empirical literature on individual equity options, discussing results in areas of consensus, showing findings in areas of disagreement and providing a guide for future research (especially highlighting analyses that cannot be performed with index options). Key topics include the impact of equity option listings on the underlying stock market, option market efficiency, anomalies in equity option returns, option market microstructure, investors’ behavioral biases, option price discovery, and private information revealed in equity option markets. Some directions for future research include the determinants of equity option returns and the effect of algorithmic trading in option markets.
Reconstructed global monthly land air temperature dataset (1880–2017)
Authors: Wang Kang , Clow Gary D.
Published: October 2019

Land surface air temperature is an essential climate variable for understanding rapid global environmental changes. Sparse network coverage prior to the 1950s is a significant source of uncertainty in global climate change evaluations. Recognizing the importance of spatial coverage, more stations are continually being added to global climate networks. A challenge is how to best use the information introduced by the new station observations to enhance our understanding and assessment of global climate states and changes, particularly for times prior to the mid‐20th century. In this study, Data INterpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (DINEOF) were used to reconstruct mean monthly air temperatures from the Global Historical Climatology Network‐monthly (GHCNm version 4) over the land surface from 1880 through 2017. The final reconstructed air temperature dataset covers about 95% of the global land surface area, improving the spatial coverage by ~80% during 1880–1900 and by 10%–20% since the 1950s. Validation tests show that the mean absolute error of the reconstructed data is less than 0.82°C. Comparison with the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate model output shows that the reconstructed dataset substantially reduces the bias in global datasets caused by sparse station coverage, particularly before the 1950s.
Direct replication of task‐dependent neural activation patterns during sadness introspection in two independent adolescent samples
Authors: Vilgis Veronika , Rhoads Shawn A. , Weissman David G. , Gelardi Kristina L. , Forbes Erika E. , Hipwell Alison E. , Keenan Kate , Hastings Paul D. , Guyer Amanda E.
Published: October 2019

Functional neuroimaging results need to replicate to inform sound models of human social cognition and its neural correlates. Introspection, the capacity to reflect on one's thoughts and feelings, is one process required for normative social cognition and emotional functioning. Engaging in introspection draws on a network of brain regions including medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), middle temporal gyri (MTG), and temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Maturation of these regions during adolescence mirrors the behavioral advances seen in adolescent social cognition, but the neural correlates of introspection in adolescence need to replicate to confirm their generalizability and role as a possible mechanism. The current study investigated whether reflecting upon one's own feelings of sadness would activate and replicate similar brain regions in two independent samples of adolescents. Participants included 156 adolescents (50% female) from the California Families Project and 119 adolescent girls from the Pittsburgh Girls Study of Emotion. All participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan while completing the same facial emotion‐processing task at age 16–17 years. Both samples showed similar whole‐brain activation patterns when engaged in sadness introspection and when judging a nonemotional facial feature. Whole‐brain activation was unrelated to ERQ scores in both samples. Neural responsivity to task manipulations replicated in regions recruited for socio‐emotional (mPFC, PCC, MTG, TPJ) and attention (dorsolateral PFC, precentral gyri, superior occipital gyrus, superior parietal lobule) processing. These findings demonstrate robust replication of neural engagement during sadness introspection in two independent adolescent samples.
Short‐Duration Pan‐Genotypic Therapy With Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir for 6 Weeks Among People With Recent Hepatitis C Viral Infection
Authors: Martinello Marianne , Orkin Chloe , Cooke Graham , Bhagani Sanjay , Gane Edward , Kulasegaram Ranjababu , Shaw David , Tu Elise , Petoumenos Kathy , Marks Philippa , Grebely Jason , Dore Gregory J. , Nelson Mark , Matthews Gail V.
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims

Among treatment‐naive individuals with chronic hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection and without cirrhosis, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 8 weeks is recommended. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 6 weeks in people with acute and recent HCV infection.

Approach and Results

In this open‐label, single‐arm, multicenter, international pilot study, adults with recent HCV (duration of infection < 12 months) received glecaprevir/pibrentasvir 300/120 mg daily for 6 weeks. Primary infection was defined by first positive anti‐HCV antibody and/or HCV RNA within 6 months of enrollment and either acute clinical hepatitis within the past 12 months (symptomatic seroconversion illness or alanine aminotransferase > 10 × upper limit of normal) or anti‐HCV antibody seroconversion within 18 months. Reinfection was defined as new positive HCV RNA within 6 months of enrollment and evidence of prior spontaneous or treatment‐induced clearance. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at 12 weeks posttreatment (SVR12). Thirty men (median age 43 years, 90% men who have sex with men) received treatment, of whom 77% (n = 23) were human immunodeficiency virus–positive, 47% (n = 14) had ever injected drugs, and 13% (n = 4) had HCV reinfection. The majority had HCV genotype 1 (83%, n = 25), followed by genotype 4 (10%, n = 3) and genotype 3 (7%, n = 2). At baseline, median estimated duration of infection was 29 weeks (range 13, 52) and median HCV RNA was 6.2 log10 IU/mL (range 0.9, 7.7). SVR12 in the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol populations was achieved in 90% (27/30) and 96% (27/28), respectively. There was one case of relapse, and there were two cases of nonvirological failure (death, n = 1; loss to follow‐up, n = 1). No treatment‐related serious adverse events were seen.

Conclusions

Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 6 weeks was highly effective among people with acute and recent HCV infection, supporting further evaluation of shortened‐duration pan‐genotypic therapy in this setting.
The relationships between work intensity, workaholism, burnout, and self‐reported musculoskeletal complaints
Authors: Engelbrecht Gerhard J. , de Beer Leon T. , Schaufeli Wilmar B.
Published: October 2019

Technological advances within the work environment have dynamically changed the tools with which work is done and the methods applied for performing it, with a large amount of modern work being fast‐paced and sedentary in nature, that is, being done seated in front of a computer screen. This study investigated the relationship between work intensity, workaholism, burnout, and musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs). The results of this study could assist organizations in gaining a clearer understanding of how each of these constructs influences the other, promoting a healthier, and ultimately more productive workforce. A cross‐sectional research design was adopted and implemented by means of a survey amongst office employees within a large engineering services organization (n = 398). Structural equation modeling methods were applied to analyze the data. The results revealed that work intensity was positively related to workaholism and that workaholism was, in turn, also positively related to employees’ burnout and MSCs. Finally, burnout was also shown to be significantly related to MSCs. Awareness of these phenomena and the promotion of effort recovery is important to obviate the effects on employee health and well‐being in the long term.
The impact of the “Health Transformation Plan” and related policies on the prevalence rate of cesarean section in Iran: Insights from an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Behzadifar Masoud , Behzadifar Meysam , Saki Mandana , Valipour Mehrdad , Omidifar Roodabeh , Iranshahi Fatemeh , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi
Published: October 2019

Background

The high prevalence of cesarean section represents a major public health challenge worldwide. In 2014, the Iranian Health Transformation Plan (HTP) included programs promoting vaginal delivery.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the HTP on the rate of cesarean section in Iran.

Method

The interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) was used. Cesarean section– and vaginal delivery–related monthly data were collected from eight public hospitals affiliated with the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, from March 2012 to February 2019. The autocorrelation plots and the Durbin‐Watson test were used for evaluating the autocorrelation between data points in the generalized least squares regression model.

Results

The ITSA showed that the rate of cesarean section decreased immediately after the HTP, by −0.002 per 1000 persons (95% CI, −0.004 to −0.001; P = .069). After the HTP, a significant decreasing trend of cesarean section per month was computed (−0.003; 95% CI, −0.005 to 0.012; P = .043).

Conclusion

The present study showed that the implementation of the HTP policy was effective in reducing the rate of cesarean section. This policy should continue, involving relevant stakeholders, raising mothers' awareness and motivation, and providing financial support.
A paleo‐hydro‐geomorphological perspective on urban flood risk assessment
Authors: Link Oscar , Brox‐Escudero Luis M. , González John , Aguayo Mauricio , Torrejón Fernando , Montalva Gonzalo , Eguibar‐Galán Miguel Á.
Published: October 2019

Comprehensive flood risk assessment requires enhanced understanding of the coevolution of the river and its floodplain occupation. Paleoflood analysis to determine flood prone areas in combination with numerical simulations to estimate flood hazard and a historical analysis of urban development to consider the evolution of exposure to floods is a possible way forward. The well‐documented 2006 extreme flood in the Biobío River system and the impacted metropolitan area of Concepción, Chile (~1 million inhabitants) was used as a complex scenario to test the reliability of the proposed method. Results showed that flood prone areas determined with hydro‐geomorphological methods are consistent with those computed with numerical models based on detailed digital elevation models. The flood generation via superficial flow pathways resulting in inundated areas could explain that rivers tend to reactivate paleochannels in extreme conditions. Urban development progressively increased the city's exposure to floods from 0 ha in 1,751 to 1,363 ha in 2006 evidencing a lack of appropriate flood risk management. The 100‐year peak discharge resulted in a high flood risk for about 5% of the total urbanized area of Concepción, and higher discharges are likely to reactivate a paleochannel that crosses the current city centre. We conclude that the proposed paleo hydro‐geomorphology, hydraulic, and urban planning multimethod approach is a necessary tool to enhance understanding of flood risk in complex scenarios to improve flood risk management.
Mortalin contributes to colorectal cancer by promoting proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Xu Ming , Zhang Yuan , Cui Minghua , Wang Xinyue , Lin Zhenhua
Published: October 2019

This study focused on the expression of mortalin in colorectal cancer (CRC). Mortalin activated the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway to accelerate cell proliferation and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Data from online databases displayed that the expression of mortalin was high in CRC, which was further validated using clinical specimens. Meanwhile, high mortalin expression was positively associated with a poor overall survival rate. Suppression of mortalin inhibited CRC cell proliferation as evaluated by the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, and immunofluorescence staining assays. In addition, depletion of mortalin inhibited CRC cell EMT progression and deactivated the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Altogether, mortalin is highly expressed in CRC and may indicate a poor prognosis. Mortalin accelerated CRC progression by stimulating cell proliferation and the EMT program. This study may provide a potential clinical therapeutic target for CRC.
LncRNA AC009022.1 enhances colorectal cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion by promoting ACTR3B expression via suppressing miR‐497‐5p
Authors: Yu Chen , Zhang Fengchun
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an indispensable role in cancer progression. We aim at exploring the effect of AC009022.1 on colorectal cancer (CRC) development in this paper.

Methods

CRC tissues and matched normal tissues of 68 CRC patients were collected. HCT‐116 and SW620 cells were transfected and grouped. The cell counting kit‐8 assay, cell scratch test, and Transwell experiment were performed to sequentially detect cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. In vivo experiments were conducted. The Luciferase reporter gene assay was used. Gene expression was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.

Results

AC009022.1 expression was abnormally elevated in CRC tissues and cells. High AC009022.1 expression in CRC patients was significantly associated with poor prognosis. Compared with the siNC group, HCT‐116 and SW620 cells of siAC009022.1 group exhibited much lower OD450 value (P < .001) and invasive cell number (P < .01), and significantly higher relative wound width (P < .01). Much lower subcutaneous tumor volume and weight were found in the siAC009022.1 group compared with siNC group (P < .001). In CRC cells, AC009022.1 directly inhibited miR‐497‐5p expression while miR‐497‐5p directly hindered ACTR3B expression. Compared with HCT‐116 and SW620 cells of oe‐AC009022.1 group, those of oe‐AC009022.1 + miR‐497‐5p‐mimics group and oe‐AC009022.1 + siACTR3B group had obviously lower OD450 value (P < .001) and invasion cell number (P < .01), and markedly higher relative wound width (P < .01).

Conclusions

AC009022.1 enhanced CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by promoting ACTR3B expression via suppressing miR‐497‐5p.
A seven‐DNA methylation signature as a novel prognostic biomarker in breast cancer
Authors: Tao Chuntao , Luo Ruihan , Song Jing , Zhang Wanfeng , Ran Longke
Published: October 2019

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor and its incidence and mortality rates are ranked first among female cancers. So far, there has been no effective biomarkers for BC prognosis.

Methods

The DNA methylation data of BC was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus, and Functional ANnoTation of The Mammalian Genome databases. The RNA‐Seq data and clinical information of patients were downloaded from TCGA. R packages edgeR and minfi were used for differentially methylated genes (DMGs) screening. Then, the DMGs were collected for gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis by the online tool database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID) and Reactome. Cox regression analysis was used to screen candidate differentially methylated sites (DMSs) for BC prognosis. Logrank test was used to explore the correlation between DMSs and survival time. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression.

Results

We identified 276 DMGs which contained 1454 DMSs in those three datasets. Also, six DMGs that contained seven DMSs were identified by Cox regression analysis. Interestingly, their expression levels were negatively correlated with the DNA methylation level and not affected by age, subtypes, or tumor stages.

Conclusions

We proposed that these seven differentially DNA methylation sites can be used as a novel prognostic biomarker for BC area under curve (AUC) = 0.74), which may facilitate research and benefit the clinical treatment of BC.
Sense of community, psychological empowerment, and relational structure at the individual and organizational levels: Evidence from a multicase study
Authors: Ramos‐Vidal Ignacio , Palacio Jorge , Uribe Alicia , Villamil Ilse , Castro Belkis
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the associations among psychological sense of community (PSoC), psychological empowerment (PE), and relational structure with indicators of centrality and cohesion in egocentric and sociocentric networks when analyzed at different levels. A multicase analysis was used (four developed in Colombia and one in Spain) in which 458 people participated in five studies conducted in organizational and community contexts of vulnerable urban and rural areas. The results suggest that PSoC and PE are intertwined processes whose association is accentuated in organizational contexts. However, the relationships between relational context and PSoC and PE vary notably depending on (a) the type of relationship evaluated, (b) the focus of the study (individual/egocentric vs. group/sociocentric) and the type of indicator used to assess the relational context (centrality vs. structural cohesion). Findings are discussed to understand the role that social bonds play in the development of PSoC and in the ability of subjects to empower themselves in different contexts.
Sense of belonging to the community in continuing care retirement communities and adult day care centers: The role of the social network
Authors: Ayalon Liat
Published: October 2019

Aim

This study examined the contribution of the social network to one's sense of belonging to the community (SCB) in two different long‐term care settings: Continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) and adult day care centers (ADCCs).

Methods

Overall, 245 respondents participated in both waves of the study that were spaced about 1 year apart.

Results

Results show that constraint in the social network (e.g., being socially invested in a single group of interconnected ties) is particularly detrimental for CCRC residents, but not for ADCC participants. Betweenness, defined as the number of shortest paths that pass through the focal person, was not significantly related to SCB. In addition, the size of the egocentric network, obtained through a name generator of a list of all potentially meaningful individuals identified by respondents, was directly correlated with SCB at follow‐up.

Conclusions

The findings are discussed in light of differences between the two long‐term care settings and the different social network indicators examined in this study.
Retracted: Circular RNA circFNDC3B protects renal carcinoma by miR‐99a downregulation
Authors: Chen Tao , Yu Qinchao , Shao Shixiu , Guo Lei
Published: October 2019

Various circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to involve in carcinoma. This study explored the role and mechanism of circRNA circFNDC3B (circFNDC3B) in renal carcinoma (RC). The detection indicators in this paper were viability, colony, and migration, which respectively investigated by Cell Counting Kit‐8, colony formation, and migration assay. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction tested and cell transfection changed circFNDC3B and miR‐99a expression. Moreover, western blot tested relate‐proteins of proliferation, migration, and cell pathways were examined by western blot. circFNDC3B was upregulated at RC tissues. circFNDC3B enhanced cell viability, colony and migration, and miR‐99a mimic played reverse impacts. Furthermore, circFNDC3B negatively regulated miR‐99aand circFNDC3B restrained the janus kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK1/STAT3) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)/ERK pathways by miR‐99a downregulation. Overexpression of circFNDC3B enhanced cell viability, colony formation and migration by miR‐99a downregulation via JAK1/STAT3 and MEK/ERK pathways.
Developments in the study of gastrointestinal microbiome disorders affected by FGF19 in the occurrence and development of colorectal neoplasms
Authors: Peng Meichang , Zheng Qiaowen , Liu Peiqi , Liang Xinyun , Zhang Min , Wang Yan , Zhao Yi
Published: October 2019

Colorectal neoplasms are a type of malignant digestive system tumor that has become the third‐highest morbidity tumor in China and the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. The role of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome in bile acid metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance and its strong correlation with the occurrence and development of colorectal neoplasms have gradually led to it becoming a target area of tumor research. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 is a hormone that is secreted in mainly the ileum and can regulate bile acid biosynthesis, improve inflammation, and regulate insulin resistance. The relationship of the GI microbiome, FGF19 and its carcinogenic activities in colorectal neoplasms enticed us to search for potential targets and research ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of colorectal neoplasms.