bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian hierarchical models for food frequency assessment
Authors: Song Hae‐Ryoung , Lawson Andrew B. , Nitcheva Daniela
Published: March 2010

The aim of this study is to assess the biases of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) by comparing total energy intake (TEI) with total energy expenditure (TEE) obtained from doubly labelled water(DLW) biomarker after adjusting measurement errors in DLW. We develop several Bayesian hierarchical measurement error models of DLW with different distributional assumptions on TEI to obtain precise bias estimates of TEI. Inference is carried out by using MCMC simulation techniques in a fully Bayesian framework, and model comparisons are done via the mean square predictive error. Our results showed that the joint model with random effects under the Gamma distribution is the best fit model in terms of the MSPE and residual diagnostics, in which bias in TEI is not significant based on the 95% credible interval. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 506–516; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada
Uniformly convergent numerical method for singularly perturbed differential‐difference equation using grid equidistribution
Authors: Mohapatra Jugal , Natesan Srinivasan
Published: March 2010

In this paper, a class of singularly perturbed differential‐difference equations with small delay and shift terms is considered. A numerical method comprising of upwind finite difference operator on an adaptive grid, which is formed by equidistributing the arc‐length monitor function, is constructed for approximating the solution. The method is proved to be robust, in the sense that the discrete solution obtained converges in the maximum norm to the exact solution uniformly with respect to the perturbation parameter. Parameter‐uniform error bounds for the numerical approximations are established. Numerical examples support the theoretical results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and simulation of bioheat transfer in the human eye using the 3D alpha finite element method (αFEM)
Authors: Li Eric , Liu G. R. , Tan Vincent , He Z. C.
Published: March 2010

Computational modeling is an effective tool for the detection of eye abnormalities and a valuable assistant to hyperthermia treatments. In all these diagnoses and treatments, predicting the temperature distribution accurately is very important. However, the standard finite element method (FEM) currently used for such purposes has strong reliance on element meshes and the discretized system exhibits the so‐called ‘overly stiff’ behavior. To overcome this shortcoming, this paper formulates an alpha finite element method (αFEM) to compute two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) bioheat transfer in the human eyes. The αFEM can produce much more accurate results using triangular (2D) and tetrahedron (3D) elements that can be generated automatically for complicated domains and hence is particularly suited for modeling human eyes. In the αFEM, a scaling factor α∈[0, 1] is introduced to combine the ‘overly stiff’ FEM model and ‘overly soft’ node‐based finite element method (NS‐FEM) model. With a properly chosen α, the αFEM can produce models with very ‘close‐to‐exact’ stiffness of the continuous system. Numerical results have shown that the present method gives much more accurate results compared with the standard FEM and the NS‐FEM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A linear finite element acoustic fluid–structure model of ultrasonic angioplasty in vivo
Authors: Wylie Mark P. , McGuinness Garrett B. , Gavin Graham P.
Published: March 2010

The delivery of high‐power ultrasonic energy via small diameter wire waveguides represents a new alternative therapy for the treatment of chronic totally occluded arteries (CTOs). This type of energy manifests itself as a mechanical vibration at the distal‐tip of the waveguide with amplitudes of vibration up to 60 µm and at frequencies of 20–50 kHz. Disruption of diseased tissue is reported to be a result of direct mechanical ablation, cavitation, pressure components and acoustic streaming and that ablation was only evident above the cavitation threshold. This work presents a linear finite element acoustic fluid–structure model of an ultrasonic angioplasty waveguide in vivo. The model was first verified against a reported analytical solution for an oscillating sphere. It was determined that 140 elements per wavelength (EPW) were required to predict the pressure profile generated by the wire waveguide distal‐tip. Implementing this EPW count, the pressure field surrounding a range of distal‐tip geometries was modelled. For validation, a model was developed with parameters based on a bench‐top experiment from the literature of an ultrasonic wire waveguide in a phantom leg. This model showed good correlation with the experimental measurements. These models may aid in the further development of this technology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human ESC colony formation is dependent on interplay between self‐renewing hESCs and unique precursors responsible for niche generation
Authors: Moogk Duane , Stewart Morag , Gamble Darik , Bhatia Mickie , Jervis Eric
Published: March 2010

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) cultures are heterogeneous and constituting paracrine signals are required to maintain pluripotency. The cellular interplay and dynamic nature of this heterogeneity is not understood. Here, long‐term hESC imaging and tracking revealed that hESC heterogeneity is dynamic and hESC self‐renewal is dependent on colony‐proximal distributions of paracrine signals. Tracking of hESCs forming colonies revealed that a biologically distinct cell type arises at the colony periphery in the absence of feeders. Higher rates of cell death occur in these hESC‐derived cells, leading to clonal selection of colony reestablishing cells. hESC‐derived feeders co‐transferred during passaging promoted rapid colony recovery and expansion and reduced overall clonal selection of self‐renewing hESCs. Our findings demonstrate that hESC‐derived feeders arise from a distinct subpopulation of hESCs that respond to paracrine cues at the colony periphery that are required to sustain and establish clonal hESC self‐renewal. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Sensitivity to ethanol and other hedonic stimuli in an animal model of adolescence: Implications for prevention science?
Authors: Spear Linda Patia , Varlinskaya Elena I.
Published: March 2010

Age‐related patterns of sensitivity to appetitive and aversive stimuli seemingly have deep evolutionary roots, with marked developmental transformations seen during adolescence in a number of relatively ancient brain systems critical for motivating and directing reward‐related behaviors. Using a simple animal model of adolescence in the rat, adolescents have been shown to be more sensitive than their adult counterparts to positive rewarding effects of alcohol, other drugs, and certain natural stimuli, while being less sensitive to the aversive properties of such stimuli. Adolescent‐typical alcohol sensitivities may be exacerbated further by a history of prior stress or alcohol exposure as well as by genetic vulnerabilities, permitting relatively high levels of adolescent alcohol use and perhaps an increased probability for the emergence of abuse disorders. A number of potential (albeit tentative) implications of these basic research findings for prevention science are considered. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 236–243, 2010
Secondary lymphoid organs are dispensable for the development of T‐cell‐mediated immunity during tuberculosis
Authors: Day Tracey A. , Koch Markus , Nouailles Geraldine , Jacobsen Marc , Kosmiadi George A. , Miekley Delia , Kuhlmann Stefanie , Jörg Sabine , Gamradt Pia , Mollenkopf Hans‐Joachim , Hurwitz Robert , Reece Stephen T. , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Kursar Mischo
Published: March 2010

Tuberculosis causes 2 million deaths per year, yet in most cases the immune response successfully contains the infection and prevents disease outbreak. Induced lymphoid structures associated with pulmonary granuloma are observed during tuberculosis in both humans and mice and could orchestrate host defense. To investigate whether granuloma perform lymphoid functions, mice lacking secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). As in WT mice, granuloma developed, exponential growth of MTB was controlled, and antigen‐specific T‐cell responses including memory T cells were generated in the absence of SLO. Moreover, adoptively transferred T cells were primed locally in lungs in a granuloma‐dependent manner. T‐cell activation was delayed in the absence of SLO, but resulted in a normal development program including protective subsets and functional recall responses that protected mice against secondary MTB infection. Our data demonstrate that protective immune responses can be generated independently of SLO during MTB infection and implicate local pulmonary T‐cell priming as a mechanism contributing to host defense.
Regio‐ and Stereocontrolled Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution on N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Chang Chih‐Wei , Norsikian Stéphanie , Guillot Regis , Beau Jean‐Marie
Published: March 2010

A process for highly effective regio‐ and stereoselective palladium‐catalyzed allylic substitution of 2,3‐unsaturated derivatives of N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac2en) has been developed. We show that the efficiency of the allylation reaction depends on suitable protecting groups on the starting material and that, with sodium malonate anion as a nucleophile, the regioselectivity can be fine‐tuned by the nature of the ligands associated with the palladium complex. These results are explained by the stoichiometric preparation and study of the highly probable complexes involved in the catalytic reaction. Reactions of this type were also applied to other nucleophiles for the construction of C–C, C–N, and C–O bonds, leading to the major formation of the C‐4 regioisomers. The selective transformation of some of the substitution products provided easy access to a variety of modified sialic acid derivatives that might serve as useful sialyl building blocks for biological research.
Genotoxicity of acrylamide in vitro: Acrylamide is not metabolically activated in standard in vitro systems
Authors: Koyama Naoki , Yasui Manabu , Oda Yoshimitsu , Suzuki Satoshi , Satoh Tetsuo , Suzuki Takuya , Matsuda Tomonari , Masuda Shuichi , Kinae Naohide , Honma Masamitsu
Published: March 2010

The recent finding that acrylamide (AA), a genotoxic rodent carcinogen, is formed during the frying or baking of a variety of foods raises human health concerns. AA is known to be metabolized by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to glycidamide (GA), which is responsible for AA's in vivo genotoxicity and probable carcinogenicity. In in‐vitro mammalian cell tests, however, AA genotoxicity is not enhanced by rat liver S9 or a human liver microsomal fraction. In an attempt to demonstrate the in vitro expression of AA genotoxicity, we employedSalmonellastrains and human cell lines that overexpress human CYP2E1. In theumutest, however, AA was not genotoxic in the CYP2E1‐expressingSalmonellastrain or its parental strain. Moreover, a transgenic human lymphoblastoid cell line overexpressing CYP2E1 (h2E1v2) and its parental cell line (AHH‐1) both showed equally weak cytotoxic and genotoxic responses to high (>1 mM) AA concentrations. The DNA adduct N7‐GA‐Gua, which is detected in liver following AA treatment in vivo, was not substantially formed in the in vitro system. These results indicate that AA was not metabolically activated to GA in vitro. Thus, AA is not relevantly genotoxic in vitro, although its in vivo genotoxicity was clearly demonstrated. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 52:11–19, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BER gene polymorphisms (OGG1 Ser326CysandXRCC1 Arg194Trp) and modulation of DNA damage due to pesticides exposure
Authors: Rohr Paula , da Silva Juliana , Erdtmann Bernardo , Saffi Jenifer , Guecheva Temenouga Nikolova , Antônio Pêgas Henriques João , Kvitko Kátia
Published: March 2010

The susceptibility of individuals to the genotoxic effect of pesticides can be modulated by genetic variations in the xenobiotic detoxification and DNA repair processes. This study evaluates if the two BER polymorphisms (XRCC1Arg194TrpandOGG1Ser326Cys) or the combined genotypes of these polymorphisms withPON1Gln192Argcould modify individual susceptibility to pesticide exposure in vineyard workers, as measured by micronucleus formation and DNA damage induction in peripheral leukocytes. The study population comprised 108 agricultural workers exposed to pesticides and 65 nonexposed. Our results demonstrate that individuals with the variant allele (OGG1Cys) showed higher DNA damage, detected by the comet assay, in relation to individuals carrying the wild‐typeOGG1Serallele. Considering the combined influence of metabolizingPON1and the DNA repairOGG1genes, we observed significantly higher DNA damage in the comet assay in the exposed group when a less efficientOGG1Cysallele was acting independently of thePON1genotype, reinforcing the importance of the OGG1 repair enzyme in the response to DNA damage by pesticide exposure. The association of thePONGln/Glngenotype with higher MN frequency suggests that thePON1genotype is a major determinant of genotoxic risk in individuals exposed to pesticides. Analysis of the compared effect ofXRCC1andPON1genotypes in the exposed group suggested that, among the poorly metabolizingPON1Gln/Glnindividuals, theXRCC1Arg/Trpgenotype has a protective effect with respect to MN formation. These results indicate that enhancedXRCC1function may provide some protection from the enhanced genotoxic risk associated with inefficient xenobiotic detoxification in the studied population. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 52:20–27, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modified augmented Lagrangian preconditioners for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Benzi Michele , Olshanskii Maxim A. , Wang Zhen
Published: March 2010

We study different variants of the augmented Lagrangian (AL)‐based block‐triangular preconditioner introduced by the first two authors in [SIAM J. Sci. Comput.2006;28: 2095–2113]. The preconditioners are used to accelerate the convergence of the Generalized Minimal Residual method (GMRES) applied to various finite element and Marker‐and‐Cell discretizations of the Oseen problem in two and three space dimensions. Both steady and unsteady problems are considered. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed preconditioners for a wide range of problem parameters. Implementation on parallel architectures is also considered. The AL‐based approach is further generalized to deal with linear systems from stabilized finite element discretizations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A γ‐DGBGK scheme for compressible multi‐fluids
Authors: Ni Guoxi , Sun Wenjun
Published: March 2010

The paper presents a Discontinuous Galerkin γ‐BGK (γ‐DGBGK) method for compressible multicomponent flow simulations by coupling the discontinuous Galerkin method with a γ‐BGK scheme based on WENO limiters. In this γ‐DGBGK method, the construction of the flux in the DG method is based on the kinetic scheme which not only couples the convective and dissipative terms together, but also includes both discontinuous and continuous terms in the flux formulation at cell interfaces. WENO limiters are used to obtain uniform high‐order accuracy and sharp non‐oscillatory shock transition, and time accuracy obtained by integration for the flux function at the cell interface. Numerical examples in one and two space dimensions are presented to illustrate the robust and accuracy of the present scheme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of ERK map kinase and CRM1 in IL‐1β‐stimulated release of HMGB1 from cortical astrocytes
Authors: Hayakawa Kazuhide , Arai Ken , Lo Eng H.
Published: March 2010

Reactive astrocytes are traditionally thought to impede brain plasticity after stroke. However, we previously showed that reactive astrocytes may also contribute to stroke recovery, partly via the release of a nuclear protein called high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Here, we investigate the mechanisms that allow stimulated astrocytes to release HMGB1. Exposure of rat primary astrocytes to IL‐1β for 24 h elicited a dose‐dependent HMGB1 response. Immunostaining and western blots of cell lysates showed increased intracellular levels of HMGB1. Western blots confirmed that IL‐1β induced a release of HMGB1 into astrocyte conditioned media. MAP kinase signaling was involved. Levels of phospho‐ERK were increased by IL‐1β, and the MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 decreased HMGB1 upregulation in the stimulated astrocytes. Since HMGB1 is a nuclear protein, the role of the nuclear protein exporter, chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1), was assessed as a candidate mechanism for linking MAP kinase signaling to HMGB1 release. IL‐1β increased CRM1 expression in concert with a translocation of HMGB1 from nucleus into cytoplasm. Blockade of IL‐1β‐stimulated HMGB1 release with the ERK inhibitor U0126 was accompanied by a downregulation of CRM1. Our findings reveal that IL‐1β stimulates the release of HMGB1 from activated astrocytes via ERK MAP kinase and CRM1 signaling. These data suggest a novel pathway by which inflammatory cytokines may enhance the ability of reactive astrocytes to release prorecovery mediators after stroke. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response rates for mailout survey‐driven studies in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Goldstein David P. , Eskander Antoine , Chepeha Douglas B. , Ringash Jolie , Irish Jonathan , Davis Aileen M.
Published: March 2010

Background:

Mailout survey studies are becoming more prevalent in the head and neck literature. The objective of this paper is to summarize response rates in patients with head and neck cancer, and to provide recommendations surrounding methodology used to design and implement mailout survey questionnaires.

Methods:

The results of this paper are from a study assessing the measurement properties of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) in head and neck cancer patients. A modified Dillman tailored design approach was used.

Results:

The methods used yielded a response rate of 80% with this patient population.

Conclusion:

This is a considerably higher response rate than other reports in the oncology literature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
A Telemetric light delivery system for metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT) in rats
Authors: van Zaane Floor , Subbaiyan Devendiran , van der Ploeg‐van den Heuvel Angelique , de Bruijn Henriëtte S. , Margallo Balbas Eduardo , Pandraud Grégory , Sterenborg Henricus J. C. M. , French Patrick J. , Robinson Dominic J.
Published: March 2010

Light delivery and monitoring during photodynamic therapy (PDT) is often limited by the need for a physical link between the light source, detectors and the treatment volume. This paper reports on the first in vivo experiments performed with a fully implantable telemetric system, designed for a rat glioblastoma model. In this system, light delivery is performed using a solid state optode containing 2 LEDs, and 4 photodiodes which will be used to monitor light delivery in future experiments. Powering and communication is achieved by means of an inductive link. The implant may remain in the animal for extended time periods, making it particularly interesting for performing metronomic PDT. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo light delivery and biocompatibility of the device.. Activation of the inductive link as well as illumination of the brain by the LED did not influence animal behavior during or after treatment. We show that the implant can remain in the animal for two weeks without causing serious biological reactions. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Explicit dosimetry for photodynamic therapy: macroscopic singlet oxygen modeling
Authors: Wang Ken Kang‐Hsin , Finlay Jarod C. , Busch Theresa M. , Hahn Stephen M. , Zhu Timothy C.
Published: March 2010

Singlet oxygen (1O2) is the major cytotoxic agent responsible for cell killing for type‐II photodynamic therapy (PDT). An empirical four‐parameter macroscopic model is proposed to calculate the “apparent reacted 1O2 concentration”, [1O2]rx, as a clinical PDT dosimetry quantity. This model incorporates light diffusion equation and a set of PDT kinetics equations, which can be applied in any clinical treatment geometry. We demonstrate that by introducing a fitting quantity “apparent singlet oxygen threshold concentration” [1O2]rx, sd, it is feasible to determine the model parameters by fitting the computed [1O2]rx to the Photofrin‐mediated PDT‐induced necrotic distance using interstitially‐measured Photofrin concentration and optical properties within each mouse. After determining the model parameters and the [1O2]rx, sd, we expect to use this model as an explicit dosimetry to assess PDT treatment outcome for a specific photosensitizer in an in vivo environment. The results also provide evidence that the [1O2]rx, because it takes into account the oxygen consumption (or light fluence rate) effect, can be a better predictor of PDT outcome than the PDT dose defined as the energy absorbed by the photosensitizer, which is proportional to the product of photosensitizer concentration and light fluence. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A helpful technology – the luminescence detection of singlet oxygen to investigate photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (PDIB)
Authors: Regensburger Johannes , Maisch Tim , Felgenträger Ariane , Santarelli Francesco , Bäumler Wolfgang
Published: March 2010

Photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (PDIB) is considered a new approach for the struggle against multiresistant bacteria. To achieve a sufficient level of bacteria killing, the photosensitizer must attach to and/or penetrate the bacteria and generate a sufficiently high amount of singlet oxygen. To optimize PDIB, the direct detection and quantification of singlet oxygen in bacteria is a helpful tool. Singlet‐oxygen luminescence is a very weak signal, in particular in living bacteria. We first performed experiments in aqueous photosensitizer solution to optimize the luminescence system. We eliminated non‐singlet‐oxygen photons, which is important for the quantification of singlet oxygen and its rise and decay rates. This procedure is even more important when the laser excitation beam is scattered by bacteria (diameter 1 μm). In suspensions with both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria we then clearly detected singlet oxygen by its luminescence and determined the respective rise and decay times. The decay times should provide an indication of localization of singlet oxygen and hence of the photosensitizer even in small bacteria. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Validation and application of normalization factors for gene expression studies in rubella virus‐infected cell lines with quantitative real‐time PCR
Authors: Chey S. , Claus C. , Liebert U.G.
Published: March 2010

Reference genes are generally employed in real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) experiments to normalize variability between different samples. The aim of this study was to identify and validate appropriate reference genes as internal controls for RT‐qPCR experiments in rubella virus (RV)‐infected Vero and MCF‐7 cell lines using SYBR green fluorescence. The software programs geNorm and NormFinder and the ΔΔCt calculation were used to determine the expression stability and thus reliability of nine suitable reference genes. HPRT1 and HUEL, and HUEL and TBP were identified to be most suitable for RT‐qPCR analysis of RV‐infected Vero and MCF‐7 cells, respectively. These genes were used as normalizers for transcriptional activity of selected cellular genes. The results confirm previously published microarray and Northern blot data, particularly on the transcriptional activity of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and the nuclear body protein SP100. Furthermore, the mRNA level of the mitochondrial protein p32 is increased in RV‐infected cells. The effect on cellular gene transcription by RV‐infection seems to be cell line‐specific, but genes of central importance for viral life cycle appear to be altered to a similar degree. This study does not only provide an accurate and flexible tool for the quantitative analysis of gene expression patterns in RV‐infected cell lines. It also indicates, that the suitability of a reference gene as normalizer of RT‐qPCR data and the host‐cell response to RV‐infection are strictly cell‐line specific. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 118–128, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide protects cardiomyocytes against anoxia/reoxygenation‐induced oxidative stress by mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Li Wen‐Juan , Nie Shao‐Ping , Chen Yi , Xie Ming‐Yong , He Ming , Yu Qiang , Yan Yan
Published: March 2010

It is now well established that oxidative stress plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury. Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG‐1), the most abundant component isolated from G. atrum, has been shown to possess potent antioxidant activity. The goals of this study were to investigate the effect of PSG‐1 against oxidative stress induced by A/R injury and the possible mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. In this work, primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes pretreated with PSG‐1 were subjected to A/R and subsequently monitored for cell viability by the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) were determined by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of cytochrome c, Bcl‐2 family, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) proteins, and the activities of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 were determined by a colorimetric method. The results showed that PSG‐1 protected against cell death caused by A/R injury in cardiomyocytes. PSG‐1 reduced the A/R‐induced ROS generation, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into cytosol. PSG‐1 inhibited the A/R‐stimulated activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 and alteration of Bcl‐2 family proteins. Moreover, PSG‐1 significantly increased the protein expression of MnSOD in cardiomyocytes. These findings suggest that PSG‐1 significantly attenuates A/R‐induced oxidative stress and improves cell survival in cardiomyocytes through mitochondrial pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 191–200, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RpS3 translation is repressed by interaction with its own mRNA
Authors: Kim Hag Dong , Kim Tae‐Sung , Joo Yoo Jin , Shin Hyun‐Seock , Kim Sang‐Hwa , Jang Chang‐Young , Lee Cheol Eui , Kim Joon
Published: March 2010

Ribosomal protein S3 (RpS3) is a well‐known multi‐functional protein mainly involved in protein biosynthesis as a member of the small ribosomal subunit. It also plays a role in repairing various DNA damage acting as a repair UV endonuclease. Most of the rpS3 pool is located in the ribosome while the minority exists in free form in the cytoplasm. We here report an additional function of rpS3 in which it represses its own translation by binding to its cognate mRNA. Through RT‐PCR of the RNAs co‐immunoprecipitated with ectopically expressed rpS3, rpS3 protein was found to interact with various RNAs—endogenous rpS3, 18S rRNA. The S3‐C terminal domain was shown to be the major mRNA binding domain of rpS3, independent of the KH domain. This interaction was shown to occur in cytoplasmic fractions rather than ribosomal fractions, and then is involved in its own mRNA translational inhibition by in vitro translation. Furthermore, when Flag‐tagged rpS3 was transiently transfected into 293T cells, the level of endogenous rpS3 gradually decreased regardless of transcription. These results suggest that free rpS3 regulates its own translation via a feedback mechanism. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 294–303, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The road much less travelled: treating rural and isolated clients
Authors: Rainer Jackson P.
Published: March 2010

This article serves as the introduction to an issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session on the topic of treating rural and isolated clients. This preface frames the issue's topic and addresses the question, “What are the best practices for rural and isolated clients?” Themes of rural mental health are outlined, and the subsequent articles are introduced. Readers of this issue are given case examples, clinical recommendations, and seminal research findings in the hope of integrating and adopting effective methods for underserved rural clients. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1–4, 2010.
Rural mental health and psychological treatment: a review for practitioners
Authors: Smalley K. Bryant , Yancey C. Thresa , Warren Jacob C. , Naufel Karen , Ryan Rebecca , Pugh James L.
Published: March 2010

Practitioners in rural areas face particular challenges in providing psychological services, ranging from disparate rates of mental disorders to unique circumstances in treating special populations. In this article, we discuss the burden of mental disorders in rural areas, current trends in integration of mental health care and primary care, and unique concerns practitioners face in treating two special populations in rural areas (children and families, and older adults and their caregivers). Implications for practice are also discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1–11, 2010.
Oxidative processes of desulfurization of liquid fuels
Authors: Campos‐Martin J.M. , Capel‐Sanchez M.C. , Perez‐Presas P. , Fierro J.L.G.
Published: March 2010

Environmental concerns have introduced a need to remove sulfur‐containing compounds from light oil. As oxidative desulfurization is conducted under very mild reaction conditions, much attention has recently been devoted to this process. In this contribution, the developments in selective removal of organosulfur compounds present in liquid fuels via oxidative desulfurization, including both chemical oxidation and biodesulfurization, are reviewed. At the end of each section, a brief account of the research directions needed in this field is also included. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
An ultrastructural study of polyembryonic parasitoid embryo and host embryo cell interactions
Authors: Takahashi‐Nakaguchi Azusa , Hiraoka Tsuyoshi , Iwabuchi Kikuo
Published: March 2010

The morula‐stage embryo of the polyembryonic egg‐larval parasitoid Copidosoma floridanum forms outside the host embryo and secondarily invades the host body. Electron microscopic analyses of cellular interactions between the extraembryonic syncytium of the parasitic morula and the host embryonic epithelial cells showed that morula penetration into the host embryo did not cause obvious damage to the host cells, except for the abrasion of the embryonic cuticle. Epithelial cells of the host embryo extended microvilli toward the invading C. floridanum morula and also adjacent host cells in the same way. Shortly after settlement of the morula within the host body cavity, gap junctions and adherens junctions with host cells were formed. The morula was then surrounded by a cyst comprised of host cells into which host tracheoles were invaginated. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adsorption interaction parameter of polyethers in ternary mobile phases: The critical adsorption line
Authors: Cuong Nguyen V. , Trathnigg Bernd
Published: March 2010

It is shown that in LC of polymers, the interaction parameter in ternary mobile phases can be described by a plane, which is determined by the dependencies in binary mobile phases. Instead of a critical adsorption point, critical conditions are observed along a straight line of composition between the two critical points in binary mobile phases. Consequently, a separation of block copolymers under critical conditions for one block by an adsorption mechanism for the other block can be achieved in ternary mobile phases of different compositions, which allows an adjustment of the retention of the adsorbing block.
Retention of arsenic species on zwitterionic stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Xie Dan , Mattusch Jürgen , Wennrich Rainer
Published: March 2010

Zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction chromatography (ZIC®‐HILIC) was used to study the retention of selected organoarsenicals. The retention behavior of nine organic arsenic species on ZIC®‐HILIC was investigated to elucidate which is the driving force for their separation, hydrophilic partitioning or adsorption driven by hydrogen bonds with surface H‐donor/acceptor groups of the stationary phase. For this, the retention factor of the compounds k was correlated with log PO/W and with the calculated strength of hydrogen bonding of the analytes. By examining aliphatic and phenylic compounds separately, improved correlation was received. This indicates that both phenomena contribute to the separation of these arsenic species on ZIC®‐HILIC. The results obtained evidence that considerable electrostatic interactions also occur on ZIC®‐HILIC. Retention behavior of arsenic species was investigated by varying the separation conditions, which shows that the composition of the eluent has a strong influence on the retention behavior. It is highly dependent on water/acetonitrile ratio, pH value and salt additives. Dissociation degree and polarity of arsenic species, which are varying with pH, regulate the distribution of arsenic species between stationary and mobile phases in HILIC. Increase in the ammonium acetate concentration leads to shortened or to prolonged retention depending on the structure of the arsenic species.
Preparation and recognition performance of cytisine alkaloid‐imprinted material prepared using novel surface molecular imprinting technique
Authors: Gao Baojiao , Niu Qinyuan , Du Ruikui
Published: March 2010

Methacrylic acid was first graft‐polymerized on the surfaces of micron‐sized silica gel particles in the manner of “grafting from” using 3‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane as an intermedia, obtaining the grafted particle polymethacrylic acid PMAA/SiO2. By adopting the novel surface‐molecular imprinting technique put forward by us, cytisine molecule‐imprinted material MIP‐PMAA/SiO2 was prepared with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as crosslinking agent. The binding characteristics of MIP‐PMAA/SiO2 towards cytisine was investigated in depth with both batch and column methods and using matrine and oxymatrine as two contrast alkaloids, which with cytisine coexist in sophora alopecuroides and their chemical structure is similar to cytisine to a certain extent. The experimental results show that the surface‐imprinted material MIP‐PMAA/SiO2 has excellent binding affinity for cytisine (20.1 g/100 g of binding capacity), and it is more important that MIP‐PMAA/SiO2 has very high recognition selectivity for cytisine in relation to the two contrast alkaloids. The selectivity coefficients of the grafted particles PMAA/SiO2 (non‐imprinted material) for cytosine in relation to matrine and oxymatrine are only 1.03 and 1.06, respectively, displaying no recognition selectivity for cytisine. However, after imprinting, the selectivity coefficient of MIP‐PMAA/SiO2 for cytisine in respect to matrine and oxymatrine are remarkably enhanced to 12.08 and 15.05, respectively.
Enhanced glyco‐profiling by specific glycopeptide enrichment and complementary monolithic nano‐LC (ZIC‐HILIC/RP18e)/ESI‐MS analysis
Authors: Wohlgemuth Jessica , Karas Michael , Jiang Wen , Hendriks Robertus , Andrecht Sven
Published: March 2010

Dedicated and specific sample preparation and adequate chromatographic resolution prior to MS are necessary for comprehensive and site‐specific glycosylation analysis to compensate for high heterogeneity of protein glycosylation, low‐abundance of specific glycoforms and ion‐suppression effects caused by coelution of other peptides. This article describes a scheme for glycopeptide profiling, which comprises HILIC batch enrichment followed by complementary HILIC and RP‐LC in 1‐D and 2‐D approaches. For reproducible and sensitive nano‐LC/ESI‐MS analysis, we used ZIC‐HILIC and RP18e monolithic silica capillaries and assessed their retention characteristics and complementarity for glycopeptide separations. The experiments revealed that pre‐enrichment of glycopeptides in combination with LC employing both phases considerably improves site‐specific elucidation of glycosylation heterogeneity. Zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography showed high capability to separate glycopeptides by their glycan composition, which coeluted on RP18e. By varying solvent conditions, retention can be well tuned, and efficient separations were achieved even in absence of any additives like salt or formic acid. RP18e facilitated glycopeptide separations with high peak capacity based on peptide sequence and degree of sialylation. Implementing both orthogonal and complementary phases in 1‐D and 2‐D LC setups was shown to significantly increase the number of different identified glycoforms and possesses great potential for comprehensive glycoproteomics approaches.
Preparation, characterisation and modification of carbon‐based monolithic rods for chromatographic applications
Authors: Eltmimi Ali H. , Barron Leon , Rafferty Aran , Hanrahan John P. , Fedyanina Olga , Nesterenko Ekaterina , Nesterenko Pavel N. , Paull Brett
Published: March 2010

A range of porous carbon‐based monolithic (PCM) rods with flow‐through pore sizes of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μm, were produced using a silica particle template method. The rods were characterised using SEM and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, BET surface area and porous structure analysis, dilatometry and thermal gravimetry. SEM evaluation of the carbon monolithic structures revealed an interconnected rigid bimodal porous structure and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis verified the quantitative removal of the embedded silica beads. The specific surface areas of the 1, 2, 5 and 10 μm rods were 178, 154, 84 and 125 m2/g after pyrolysis and silica removal, respectively. Shrinkage of the monolithic rods during pyrolysis is proportional to the particle size of the silica used and ranged from 9 to 12%. Mercury porosimetry showed a narrow distribution of pore sizes, with an average of ∼700 nm for the 1 μm carbon monolith. The suitability of bare and surface oxidised PCM rods for the use as a stationary phase for reversed and normal phase LC was explored. The additional modification of PCM rods with gold micro‐particles followed by 6‐mercaptohexanoic acid was performed and ion‐exchange properties were evaluated.
Continuous analysis and monitoring of snores and their relationship to the apnea‐hypopnea index
Authors: Fiz José Antonio , Jané Raimon , Solà‐Soler Jordi , Abad Jorge , García M. Ángeles , Morera José
Published: March 2010

Objectives/Hypothesis:

We used a new automatic snoring detection and analysis system to monitor snoring during full‐night polysomnography to assess whether the acoustic characteristics of snores differ in relation to the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and to classify subjects according to their AHI.

Study Design:

Individual Case‐Control Study.

Methods:

Thirty‐seven snorers (12 females and 25 males; ages 40–65 years; body mass index (BMI), 29.65 ± 4.7 kg/m2) participated. Subjects were divided into three groups: G1 (AHI <5), G2 (AHI ≥5, <15) and G3 (AHI ≥15). Snore and breathing sounds were recorded with a tracheal microphone throughout 6 hours of nighttime polysomnography. The snoring episodes identified were automatically and continuously analyzed with a previously trained 2‐layer feed‐forward neural network. Snore number, average intensity, and power spectral density parameters were computed for every subject and compared among AHI groups. Subjects were classified using different AHI thresholds by means of a logistic regression model.

Results:

There were significant differences in supine position between G1 and G3 in sound intensity; number of snores; standard deviation of the spectrum; power ratio in bands 0–500, 100–500, and 0–800 Hz; and the symmetry coefficient (P < .03). Patients were classified with thresholds AHI = 5 and AHI = 15 with a sensitivity (specificity) of 87% (71%) and 80% (90%), respectively.

Conclusions:

A new system for automatic monitoring and analysis of snores during the night is presented. Sound intensity and several snore frequency parameters allow differentiation of snorers according to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity (OSAS). Automatic snore intensity and frequency monitoring and analysis could be a promising tool for screening OSAS patients, significantly improving the managing of this pathology. Laryngoscope, 2010
Information gain as a score for probabilistic forecasts
Authors: Peirolo Riccardo
Published: March 2010

A measure of the information added by a probabilistic forecast to that contained in the climatological distribution is presented in this paper. This measure, called information gain, is mathematically closely related to the traditional ignorance score, but is more intuitive. Its advantages over other scores for probabilistic forecasts are also shown. The information gain score is tested on ECMWF ensemble forecasts of 500 hPa geopotential and 850 hPa temperature. The trends observed are in good agreement with those seen in other verification measures applied to the same data. In particular, the information gain decays with increasing lead time and increases over the years, in agreement with the improvement of the model. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Involvement of ER–calreticulin–Ca2+signaling in the regulation of porcine oocyte meiotic maturation and maternal gene expression
Authors: Zhang Ding‐Xiao , Li Xiao‐Ping , Sun Shao‐Chen , Shen Xing‐Hui , Cui Xiang‐Shun , Kim Nam‐Hyung
Published: March 2010

Calcium is one of the most ubiquitous signaling molecules, and controls a wide variety of cellular processes. It is mainly stored in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), bound to lumenal proteins. Calreticulin is the major Ca2+‐binding chaperone in oocytes, and is integral to numerous cellular functions. To better understand the role of the ER– calreticulin–Ca2+pathway in oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis, we characterized the porcine calreticulin gene and investigated its expression profile during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Calreticulin was widely expressed in pig tissues and its transcripts were downregulated during maturation, especially at 44 hr, and were undetectable at the blastocyst stage. We also investigated the effect of increased cytosolic Ca2+induced by the Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), on pig oocyte maturation and maternal gene expression. CPA at 10 µM did not inhibit germinal vesicle breakdown, but did result in the arrest of 38.6% oocytes at or before the MI stage. In addition, expression of the maternal genes C‐mos, BMP15, GDF9, and Cyclin B1 was significantly increased in CPA‐treated MII oocytes compared with control groups. These data were supported by the results of poly(A)‐test PCR, which revealed that the cyclin B1 short isoform (CB‐S), GDF9, and C‐mos underwent more intensive polyadenylation modification in CPA‐treated oocytes than control oocytes, suggesting that polyadenylation may influence Ca2+‐modulated changes in gene expression. Furthermore, CPA treatment decreased the percentage of four‐cell parthenotes that developed into blastocysts, suggesting the need for functional SR/ER Ca2+‐ATPase pumps or Ca2+signals during early embryo development after zygotic genome activation. Together, these data indicate that ER–calreticulin‐associated Ca2+homeostasis plays a role in oocyte and embryo development, and that alterations in maternal gene expression may contribute to the underlying molecular mechanism, at least partially, via polyadenylation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 462–471, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How regressive are indirect taxes? A microsimulation analysis for five European countries
Authors: Decoster André , Loughrey Jason , O'Donoghue Cathal , Verwerft Dirk
Published: March 2010

Shifting the tax burden from labor to consumption is proposed in many developed countries as a way to make the tax system more incentive compatible. This article deals with the simulation of such a policy change to sharpen the distributional picture. Expenditures are imputed into the EUROMOD microsimulation program. Then social security contributions are lowered and the standard VAT rate is increased to maintain government revenue neutrality. The main conclusions are that (1) indirect taxes are regressive with respect to disposable income but proportional or progressive with respect to total expenditures, and (2) indirect taxes are in any case less progressive than other components of the tax system, making the proposed measure a regressive one. A possible solution exists in increasing the progressivity of the remaining income tax. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Who became poor, who escaped poverty, and why? Developing and using a retrospective methodology in five countries
Authors: Krishna Anirudh
Published: March 2010

The Stages‐of‐Progress methodology helps identify context‐specific reasons associated with households' movements into or out of poverty. Developed in 2002, it was used over the next seven years for examining the experiences of 35,567 households in 398 diverse communities of India, Kenya, Uganda, Peru, and North Carolina. This essay looks at the reasons that motivated the development of a different methodology for exploring poverty flows, explores the steps involved, and briefly presents key results. Large numbers of households have fallen into poverty in every context examined, but large numbers have also become persistently poor. Different reasons are associated, respectively, with escaping poverty and falling into poverty. Different policies are, therefore, required to deal with each of the two poverty flows. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Using the American community survey to create a National Academy of Sciences–style poverty measure: Work by the New York City Center for Economic Opportunity
Authors: Levitan Mark , D'Onofrio Christine , Koolwal Gayatri , Krampner John , Scheer Daniel , Seidel Todd , Virgin Vicky
Published: March 2010

The need to improve the U.S. poverty measure has received renewed attention as state and local governments have initiated antipoverty efforts and wish to judge their effect. This paper describes the New York City Center for Economic Opportunity's implementation of the National Academy of Sciences' recommendations for measuring poverty. The center's decision to use the Census Bureau's American Community Survey as its principal data source created the project's central challenge; many of the items needed to construct the academy's measure of resources are not included in the survey and needed to be estimated through a variety of methods. The resultant measure creates a higher poverty rate and a demographic profile of the poor that is quite different from that generated by the official measure. The paper concludes with observations about these differences and how this new picture of poverty has begun to influence policymaking in New York City. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.