bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of a Bevacizumab Biosimilar, in Combination with Chemotherapies, in Nonresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and in Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study
Authors: Kasliwal Shalu , K. Ranjith , Reddy Pramod , Maharaj Narendra , M. Gopichand , Adhav Aditya , Harsh Kamlesh , Madnoorkar Nagesh , Diwan Ashok , Gupta Mamraj , Patel Ghanshyam , J. Srinivas B. , Dvorkin Mikhail Vladimirovich
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of a proposed bevacizumab biosimilar (DRL_BZ) with the innovator Avastin (reference medicinal product [RMP]) in patients with nonresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) over a period of 9 months and advanced nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over 6 months. The study was planned as a randomized, double-blind trial. In part A, a total of 117 mCRC patients were intended to receive 5 mg/kg of bevacizumab every 2 weeks along with mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy for a maximum of 18 cycles. In part B, 60 NSCLC patients were to receive 15 mg/kg of bevacizumab every 3 weeks along with pemetrexed and carboplatin for the initial four cycles, followed by pemetrexed for another four cycles. The primary endpoint was the progression-free survival rate at 6 months (PFS6) in both subparts. The anticipated sample size was 106 evaluable mCRC patients to achieve 85% statistical power for concluding noninferiority with a margin of half the difference (18.8%) between DRL_BZ and Avastin, along with a pilot study involving 60 evaluable NSCLC patients. Safety comparison included assessing adverse events (AEs), infusion reactions, and lab abnormalities. Immunogenicity comparison involved the incidence of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Pharmacokinetic comparison was planned after the first and fourth dosing cycles of treatment in 24 NSCLC patients. The PFS6 for mCRC patients treated with DRL_BZ and RMP was 57.8% and 50% respectively, with a difference in efficacy of 7.8 (–8.7, 23.7). The PFS9 was 31.1% and 22.9%, with a difference of 8.2% (–6.9%, 22.9%). The objective response rate (ORR) for DRL_BZ and RMP was 28.8% and 22.4%, while the disease control rate (DCR) was 44.2% and 37.9% respectively. For NSCLC patients, the PFS6 was 44% and 45%, showing a difference of –1.0 (–4.2, 22.1). The ORR was 41.4% and 48.1%, and the DCR was 62.1% and 63%. The frequency, type, and severity of AEs were similar in both indications. Blood levels during the first and fourth dosing cycles exhibited comparable values. All NSCLC patients tested negative for ADA, while no mCRC patients on DRL_BZ tested positive for ADA. Low incidences of ADA (8%) and NAbs (4.0%) were reported in patients on RMP. Overall, the efficacy, safety, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetic parameters of DRL_BZ and RMP were found to be comparable.

Clinical Trial Registration For BZ-01-002: CTRI/2016/01/006481
A Rare Case of Fetal Hydrocolpos Secondary to Low Vaginal Atresia
Authors: Rajamma Athira , Venkataraman Megha
Published: October 2023

Female urogenital anomalies are often difficult to evaluate by ultrasonography, especially in late gestation. We report a case of fetal hydrocolpos detected by a fetal medicine scan at 33 weeks of gestation. Antenatal ultrasound by the fetal medicine unit showed a singleton fetus with a huge retrovesical cystic mass extending from the mid-abdomen to the perineum. Bilateral hydronephrosis was noted. Postnatal ultrasound showed the ﬁndings of a markedly dilated vagina containing thick echogenic fluid that was extended up to the umbilical level displacing the urinary bladder upwards and anteriorly and rectum posteriorly, suggesting hydrocolpos. Bilateral hydronephrosis was also noted. Postnatal examination of the neonate showed a distended abdomen with a well-defined mass arising from the pelvis extended to the umbilicus. External genitalia were of a normal female. There were no other dysmorphic features. Hydrocolpos was secondary to low vaginal atresia. Aspiration of the mass was performed on the first postnatal day.
Prevalence and Pattern of Nodal Metastases in Ovarian Malignancy: A Perioperative Audit
Authors: Padhy Ashok , Nanda Sony , Nayak Bhagyalaxmi
Published: October 2023

It is still unclear whether or not full nodal dissection and detailed staging offer any benefits. Little is known regarding the degree of nodal involvement based on histotype. We aimed to assess the lymphatic dissemination patterns and prevalence in early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer and identify the underlying risk factors for nodal metastases. This is a prospective study conducted over a period of three years. Institutional ethics committee approval has been obtained. A total of 157 consecutive patients with apparently early-stage ovarian cancer, who were treated at the Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer (AHPGIC) from January 2020 to January 2023, were included. The most frequent grade was 3 (66.8%), and the most common histotype was high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC; 55.4%), followed by mucinous (16.5%) and endometrioid (14.01%) varieties. Seromucinous and clear cell ovarian cancers were found infrequently. The most common pattern was isolated pelvic nodal involvement in 48.9% of patients, followed by both para-aortic and pelvic nodal involvement in 25.5% of patients; 13 patients had isolated para-aortic nodal involvement. HGSOC was most commonly associated with isolated metastasis to the pelvic lymph nodes alone, while the endometrioid variety was prone to both pelvic and para-aortic spread. Out of the 55 patients with nonserous tumors, 12.72% exhibited nodal involvement. Most nonserous tumors showed affinity for both pelvic and para-aortic (42.85%) nodal metastases. Only grade 3 and serous histology showed a positive association with nodal metastasis. Approximately 45.2% of cases showed upstaging after surgical staging procedures. Multicentric studies are essential to analyze the prognostic impact of systematic lymphadenectomy in ovarian carcinoma patients, depending on the histotype and distribution pattern of nodal metastases.
Arthroscopic Volar Capsuloligamentous Reattachment and Reinforcement to Bone
Authors: Corella Fernando , Ocampos Montserrat , Laredo Rafeal , Tabuenca José , Larrainzar-Garijo Ricardo
Published: October 2023

Background: Injuries of the volar ligaments of the wrist are not uncommon, but their arthroscopic treatment presents a significant challenge. The objective of this paper is to introduce a technique for reattaching (in acute injuries) or reinforcing (in chronic injuries) various volar wrist ligaments to the bone, using standard wrist arthroscopic dorsal and volar portals.

Methods: There are three common steps for all the arthroscopic volar capsuloligamentous reattachments or reinforcements

Step 1 – Volar Portal Establishment: volar radial, volar ulnar and volar central portals are used depending on which structure needs to be reattached or reinforced.

Step 2 – Anchor Placement: the anchor is positioned at the site where the ligament has been detached.

Step 3 – Capsuloligamentous Suture and Knotting: a knot pusher is introduced inside the joint from the dorsal portal and advanced inside the volar portal where the threads of the anchor are located. The knot pusher is loaded with the threads and retrieved to the dorsal portal. A 16G Abbocath, loaded with a loop is used to pierce the volar ligaments. The loop of the Abbocath is captured from the dorsal portal and loaded with the threads. Both threads are taken to the volar portal and knotted after releasing the traction. This way the knot is placed out of the wrist and the ligaments are reattached or reinforced to the bone.

Result: This technique has been used to reinforce and reattach the scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligaments and to reattach the radiocarpal ligaments and the Poirier space. Since this procedure has been performed in various conditions and in conjunction with other ligament treatments (such as perilunate injuries, carpal bone fractures, distal radius fractures, and reinforcement or reattachment of the dorsal portions of intrinsic ligaments), specific results are not presented.

Conclusions: The described technique enables the reattachment and reinforcement of most volar ligaments to the bone using standard wrist arthroscopic portals. It can be performed in conjunction with the treatment of the dorsal portion of intrinsic ligaments or other wrist injuries.
Dual GLP-1/GIP Agonist Tirzepatide for Diabetes and Obesity: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Wardeh Rahaf , Elbo Iswadi Tabarak Haamid , Alsharayri Hind , Rashid Fauzia , Alhashemi Nada , Bashier Alaaeldin
Published: October 2023

Background Tirzepatide is a novel dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) receptors agonist in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this literature review is to comprehensively assess its clinical, biochemical, and safety profiles.

Materials and Methods Search was conducted in several databases including PubMed from drug inception through end of 2022. Publications relevant to tirzepatide including randomized controlled trials, meta-analysis studies, post-hoc analyses, and conference proceedings were identified to examine its profile. Additional necessary references were explored and included as needed.

Results Tirzepatide is a twincretin, acting on both GLP-1 and GIP receptors. Its performance in glycemic control and weight loss was greater than that of GLP-1 receptor agonist or insulin, comparatively. It demonstrated promising positive renal outcomes and was not associated with a higher cardiovascular risk, in addition to favorable effects on lipid, hepatic and blood pressure profiles. Most common adverse events were gastrointestinal side effects and hypoglycemia.

Conclusion Novel dual GLP-1/GIP agonist Tirzepatide shows superior efficacy in glycemic control and weight loss in T2 diabetes mellitus patients. More evidence is needed to explore and compare long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes reflecting real-world clinical practice.
Facile fabrication of SiC/ZnO composite and its enhanced sensitivity for detection of NO
Authors: Zhang Jun , Cui Yu , Lin Yi , Tang Yalu , Yu Yanlong , Yan Sai , Gao Benling , Hu Guang , Chu Paul K.
Published: October 2023

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an attractive material for gas sensors, and various ZnO-based sensors have been developed to detect gas pollution. In this work, a series of SiC/ZnO composites were fabricated by incorporating silicon carbide nanocrystals (SiC NCs) into ZnO microspheres by a grinding method. The SiC/ZnO composite exhibited a significantly enhanced gas sensitivity response toward NO gas in comparison to ZnO. The test revealed that the response of the composite was 251.1 for 100 ppm of nitrogen monoxide (NO), and the detection limit was as low as 100 ppb. Through spectral and comparative analyses, it has been indicated that the active functional groups of the SiC NCs have a substantial impact on the detection of NO, and the corresponding mechanism is studied and discussed. This work offers a simple strategy for the fabrication of SiC/ZnO material with enhanced sensitivity in sensing applications.
In situ TEM heating experiments on thin epitaxial GeSn layers: Modes of phase separation
Authors: Martínez Karí , Minenkov Alexey , Aberl Johannes , Buca Dan , Brehm Moritz , Groiss Heiko
Published: October 2023

The thermal stability of GeSn epitaxial thin films was investigated via in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Samples were grown with a similar layer structure and 10 at.% Sn content by either molecular beam epitaxy or chemical vapor deposition. Despite the same layer thickness and concentration, the decomposition mode differs dramatically for each GeSn sample during annealing experiments. We observed that the sample with a Ge buffer on a Ge substrate is structurally stable up to 500 °C, while above this temperature, β-Sn precipitates appear, indicating a decomposition mechanism of solid-state precipitation. On the other hand, the second sample exhibited high susceptibility to Ga ion incorporation during the focused ion beam TEM specimen preparation, which is attributed to a high defect density owing to an atypically thin Ge buffer layer grown on a Si substrate. In this case, the efficient phase separation in the sample was facilitated by Ga contamination, promoting the appearance of a GaSn-based liquid phase at a temperature as low as 200 °C. The decomposition temperatures found and the occurrence of the two different decomposition modes are discussed in relation to the experimental methods used.
Research on vibration reduction of long span cable stayed bridge under fuzzy control of two kinds of membership function
Authors: Ma Jiashuo , Xiang Min , Yang Congjuan , Guo Jin
Published: October 2023

In order to control the collision of long-span cable-stayed bridges with floating systems caused by large longitudinal displacement of beam ends under earthquake action, based on the engineering background of a long-span dual-purpose double-tower cable-stayed bridge, the collision problem of the main approach bridge under earthquake action is proposed. Two kinds of intelligent fuzzy control strategies based on different membership functions are presented, using MR Damper as a control device and modeled by SIMULINK. In this paper, the damping control effect of the proposed fuzzy control strategy on the collision problem of the main approach bridge of the cable-stayed bridge is studied. The results show that changing the range of the membership function will change the size of the control current, and the longitudinal displacement and acceleration of the structure will decrease with the increase in the control current. However, when the control current is too large, the acceleration response will be amplified and oscillated. Both fuzzy controls can reduce collision times, and the peak value of collision force between the main approach bridges and the energy consumption of the MR damper are roughly similar. Based on the control effect of longitudinal displacement response, acceleration response, and collision force response of the main approach bridge and the energy consumption of the damper, fuzzy control A is better than fuzzy control B.
Differential responses of yield and shoot traits of five tropical grasses to nitrogen and distance to trees in silvopastoral systems
Authors: Pontes Laíse da Silveira , Laca Emilio A.
Published: October 2023

Context Light intensity and nitrogen availability are important factors influencing the growth of C4 forage species. Trade-offs may occur in the adaptive responses of species to shading and nitrogen inputs, and functional shoot traits can help to explain the consequences of these responses for species performance. Aims Our objective was to gain understanding of the mechanisms involving shoot traits of grasses that determine above-ground dry matter yield (DMY) when resources, light and nitrogen all vary. Methods Five C4 perennial forage grasses were grown in six shading conditions (full sunlight vs five positions between Eucalyptus dunnii rows) with two nitrogen levels (0 vs 300 kg N ha−1 year−1) and clipped when the canopy reached 95% light interception. Path analysis was used to explore the relationship between DMY, shading levels, nitrogen nutrition index and shoot traits. Key results Yield increased between 126 and 569 g dry matter m−2 with nitrogen fertilisation. Plant nitrogen concentration was the most important predictor of DMY. Increased shading reduced DMY by 6.94–12.5 g dry matter m−2 for each 1% increase in shading. DMY was also modulated by shoot traits such as specific leaf area, sheath length and leaf area index (via leaf area and tiller density), but with different responses according to species. Conclusions The five species compared adopted different mechanisms involving shoot traits, revealing different strategies to cope with changes in light and nitrogen availability. Implications Agroforestry practitioners may want to choose forages that are more likely to maintain biomass yield as trees grow.
Rural general practice and ethical issues. A rapid review of the literature
Authors: Menezes S. , Eggleton K.
Published: October 2023

Introduction Key New Zealand ethical documents that describe appropriate ethical behaviour for doctors do not consider rurality and how this might impact on the practice of medicine. Aim The aim of this study was to understand the literature on key ethical issues experienced by general practitioners in a rural context that might inform the development of a New Zealand agenda of rural medical ethics Methods A rapid review was undertaken of three databases using a variety of key words relating to rurality, ethics, professionalism and medicine. Inclusion criteria were research articles focussing on the experience of doctors working in a rural healthcare setting, commentaries and narratives. The findings from the paper were synthesised and broad ethical categories created. Results Twelve studies were identified that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Synthesis of the data revealed five ethical issues that predominately arose from living and working within communities. These ethical issues related to juggling personal and professional lives, managing friendships with patients, managing loss of privacy and anonymity, assuring confidentiality and practicing outside of comfort zones. Discussion The majority of ethical issues arose from managing overlapping relationships. However, these overlapping relationships and roles are considered normal in rural settings. A tension is created between adhering to urban normative ethical guidelines and the reality of living in a rural environment. Professional ethical guidelines, such as those developed by the New Zealand Medical Council, do not account for this rural lived reality. Rural practitioners in New Zealand should be engaged with to progress a specific rural ethics agenda.
Mammalian embryo culture media: now and into the future
Authors: Zander-Fox Deirdre L. , Pacella-Ince Leanne , Morgan Daniel K. , Green Mark P.
Published: October 2023

For over 70 years, since the culture of the first mammalian embryo in vitro, scientists have undertaken studies to devise and optimise media to support the manipulation and culture of gametes and embryos. This area of research became especially active in the late 1970s onwards following the successful birth of the first human in vitro fertilised embryo. This review summarises some of the key advances in mammalian embryo culture media over time based on a greater understanding of the biochemical milieu of the reproductive tract. It highlights how learnings from studies in mice and agricultural species have informed human culture media compositions, in particular the inclusion of albumin, growth factors, cytokines, and antioxidants into contemporary culture media formulations, and how these advances may then in turn help to inform and guide development of in vitro culture systems used in other arenas, in particular agriculture. Additionally, it will highlight how the introduction of new technologies, such as timelapse, can influence current trends in media composition and usage that may see a return to a single step medium.
An in-depth examination of requirements for disclosure risk assessment
Authors: Jarmin Ron S. , Abowd John M. , Ashmead Robert , Cumings-Menon Ryan , Goldschlag Nathan , Hawes Michael B. , Keller Sallie Ann , Kifer Daniel , Leclerc Philip , Reiter Jerome P. , Rodríguez Rolando A. , Schmutte Ian , Velkoff Victoria A. , Zhuravlev Pavel
Published: October 2023

The use of formal privacy to protect the confidentiality of responses in the 2020 Decennial Census of Population and Housing has triggered renewed interest and debate over how to measure the disclosure risks and societal benefits of the published data products. We argue that any proposal for quantifying disclosure risk should be based on prespecified, objective criteria. We illustrate this approach to evaluate the absolute disclosure risk framework, the counterfactual framework underlying differential privacy, and prior-to-posterior comparisons. We conclude that satisfying all the desiderata is impossible, but counterfactual comparisons satisfy the most while absolute disclosure risk satisfies the fewest. Furthermore, we explain that many of the criticisms levied against differential privacy would be levied against any technology that is not equivalent to direct, unrestricted access to confidential data. More research is needed, but in the near term, the counterfactual approach appears best-suited for privacy versus utility analysis.
Sm-substituted Co-Mn nanoferrites: synthesis, characterization, magnetic properties and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Abu-Elsaad N I , Nawara A S
Published: October 2023

An investigation has been performed into the influence of Sm3+ substitution on the structural, optical, and magnetic characteristics of Co0.5Mn0.5SmxFe2–xO4 (x = 0.0-0.1 and x changes at a step of 0.02) and its prospective use as an effective photocatalyst. The examination also explored the potential use of this composition as a proficient photocatalyst. The structural results verified the production of cubic spinel structures in all compositions. The determination of crystallite size has been done via the Williamson-Hall approach, taking into account the influence of strain variables. The ferrite nanoparticles’ spherical form was identified via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination. The Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 sample exhibited a particle size distribution of around 40 nm. The optical band gap, ascertained using UV–vis-diffuse reflectance (DRS) spectra analysis, ranged from 1.38 to 1.43 eV. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis revealed that the produced sample was soft magnetic with moderate magnetization (58.18 emu g−1 - 42.73 emu g−1). Methylene Blue (MB) dye’s photocatalytic degradation (PCD) was used to study the photocatalytic behavior while exposed to sunlight. The Sm-doped Co-Mn nanoferrites synthesized in this study exhibit potential for use as effective active photocatalysts in the degradation of toxic industrial dyes. This application promises to enhance safety in both the environmental and healthcare sectors.
An algebraic theory of non-relativistic spin
Authors: Bradshaw Peter T J
Published: October 2023

In this paper we present a new, elementary derivation of non-relativistic spin using exclusively real algebraic methods. To do this, we formulate a novel method to decompose the domain of a real endomorphism according to its algebraic properties. We reveal non-commutative multipole tensors as the primary physically meaningful observables of spin, and indicate that spin is fundamentally geometric in nature. In so doing, we demonstrate that neither dynamics nor complex numbers are essential to the fundamental description of spin.
A physical memristor-based chaotic system and its application in colour image encryption scheme
Authors: Das Parnab , Mandal Santanu
Published: October 2023

This work proposes a physical memristor (TaOx) based new 4D chaotic system with 3D multi-scroll, no equilibrium point, spiking behaviour, coexistence bursting oscillation and multistability. Using this physical memristor-based chaotic system, a novel and efficient colour image encryption algorithm has been developed using a unique box scrambling method and bit-wise XOR operations. Many interesting and new dynamics of a material-based memristive chaotic system are reported here, like 3D multi-scroll chaotic attractors, bursting characteristics, multistability, a neuronal system like spiking behaviours etc using Lyapunov spectrum and bifurcation plots. It is observed that the number of scrolls is changed with the total simulation time. This novel memristive chaotic system has limit cycles with controllable spikes and bursting oscillation. In addition, the system shows chaotic bursting oscillation under a different set of parameters and initial conditions. The coexistence of the bursting phenomena is studied here. The bursting and spiking characteristic is important for material-based memristors in neuromorphic applications. 3D Chaotic multi-scroll and multistability properties make the image encryption method more efficient and secure. Such characteristics are rare in physical memristor-based chaotic systems and using this, the image encryption algorithm is also rare in recent findings. Therefore, a new secure image encryption algorithm for colour images is proposed here, based on the unique box scrambling method, bitwise XOR operation and pseudo-random number generation using the proposed memristive chaotic system. Various tests like NPCR, UACI, histogram analysis, correlation study, information entropy analysis, robustness against external noise, etc have been performed to check the algorithm’s robustness and efficiency and test the capability to resist statistical and differential attacks.
Improving constraints on models addressing the Hubble tension with CMB delensing
Authors: Ange Joshua , Meyers Joel
Published: October 2023

The Hubble Tension is a well-known issue in modern cosmology that refers to the apparent disagreement in inferences of the Hubble constant H
0 as found through low-redshift observations and those derived from the ΛCDM model utilizing early universe observations. Several extensions to ΛCDM have been proposed to address the Hubble Tension that involve new ingredients or dynamics in the early universe. Reversing the effects of gravitational lensing on cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps produces sharper acoustic peaks in power spectra and allows for tighter constraints on cosmological parameters. We investigate the efficacy of CMB delensing for improving the constraints on parameters used in extensions of the ΛCDM model that are aimed at resolving the Hubble Tension (such as varying fundamental constants, contributions from early dark energy, and self-interacting dark radiation). We use Fisher forecasting to predict the expected constraints with and without this delensing procedure. We demonstrate that CMB delensing improves constraints on H
0 by ∼ 20% for viable models and significantly improves constraints on parameters across the board in the low-noise regime.
Aspects of Everpresent Λ. Part I. A fluctuating cosmological constant from spacetime discreteness
Authors: Das Santanu , Nasiri Arad , Yazdi Yasaman K.
Published: October 2023

We provide a comprehensive discussion of the Everpresent Λ cosmological model arising from fundamental principles in causal set theory and unimodular gravity. In this framework the value of the cosmological constant (Λ) fluctuates, in magnitude and in sign, over cosmic history. At each epoch, Λ stays statistically close to the inverse square root of the spacetime volume. Since the latter is of the order of H
2 today, this provides a way out of the cosmological constant puzzle without fine tuning. Our discussion includes a review of what is known about the topic as well as new motivations and insights supplementing the original arguments. We also study features of a phenomenological implementation of this model, and investigate the statistics of simulations based on it. Our results show that while the observed values of H
0 and Ω0
Λ are not typical outcomes of the model, they can be achieved through a modest number of simulations. We also confirm some expected features of Λ based on this model, such as the fact that it stays statistically close to the value of the total ambient energy density (be it matter or radiation dominated), and that it is likely to change sign roughly every Hubble timescale.
CO2-Rich Gas Conversion to Carbon Nanotube via Molten Salt Electrolysis
Authors: Prasongthum N. , Suemanotham A. , Thanmongkhon Y. , Khowattana P. , Butniam P. , Khoduangklang N. , Samart C. , Attanatho L.
Published: October 2023

The CO2 capture via electrolysis process is a potentially promising and attractive pathway for greenhouse gas removal and global warming reduction by converting CO2 into value-added materials. In this study, the conversion of CO2 from CO2-rich gas into value-added carbon nanomaterial was successfully achieved via molten Li2CO3 electrolysis with a NiCr anode and a stainless steel cathode. The characterization by FESEM and TEM analyses showed that the obtained carbon product was a carbon nanotube with a bamboo-like structure and an outer average diameter of 36 nm. The EDS and XRD characterization indicated the growth of carbon nanotube in electrolysis was achieved through metal nucleation points on the electrolysis cathode. In addition, the Raman analysis showed that the carbon product exhibited high quality and crystallinity. The results from the present study revealed that the molten carbonate electrolysis offered a viable approach for direct transformation of CO2 from industrial flue gas into valuable carbon product, providing an alternative solution to reduce CO2 emissions.
Competitive Relaxation Mechanisms in Strained Epitaxial InGaSb on GaSb Substrate
Authors: Boonnum Samagorn , Kiravittaya Suwit , Thainoi Supachok , Kanjanachuchai Songphol , Panyakeow Somsak
Published: October 2023

Hetoroepitaxial growth of III-V compounds can produce both novel structures for fundamental research and electronic/photonic devices for practical applications. Antimony-based compounds are interested since they can interact with light in longer wavelengths ranging from near-infrared to terahertz frequency domains. In this work, we present an experimental observation of step-decorated surface and dislocation lines formed in an epitaxial In0.17Ga0.83Sb layer. The growth is performed by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy on (001) GaSb substrate at 400°C with the InGaSb deposition rate of 0.12 monolayer per second. The atomic force microscopy shows that the regular atomic steps are generally misaligned with the surface dislocation lines. The average distance between the steps is about 200 nm and the presence of dislocation lines affects the subsequent growth. Zigzag step-edge structure observed near the intersection of the step-edges and the dislocation lines can be explained by simple strain-considered models. Enhanced and depleted growth areas can be related to the degree of underneath strain. The understanding of this phenomena might lead to the simple and practical realization of regular arrays of nanostructures such as quantum wires and quantum dots.
Novel Algebraic Matrix Method Used to Generate Linear Equation for Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate during Wet/Dry Turning Operation on MMCs Al6061-T6/SiC
Authors: Dhabale Rahul B , Kurkute Vijay K , Unde Sanket S. , Dhabale Vrushali R , Mate Umesh G. , Shaikh Sarfaraj
Published: October 2023

Stir casting process is well known for reinforcement of ceramic particle in aluminium. Due to improved properties of Al6061-T6/SiC particulate metal matrix composites have attracted by industry as well as received wider attention of material expertise. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the turning process parameters through algebraic matrix which is unique approach. Also studied effects of spindle speed, feed, SiC silicon carbide-3% and 6%, depth of cut and nose radius on modifier element for instance surface roughness Ra and material removal rate MRR in both dry and wet condition. In addition to optimize the turning process parameters are on Al6061-T6/SiC 3% and 6% with a coated tungsten tool. The experimental runs are designed using the taguchi based multiple factorial design DOE and their outcomes are analyzed using Analysis of Variance ANOVA. Mathematical models are established using algebraic matrix to represent the relationship among turning process parameters as independent variables, surface roughness and material removal rate as dependent variables. For every experimental run, a same cutting insert was used to encourage accurate reporting of the surface roughness and material removal rate. The statistical variations revealed that the main effect of spindle speed, feed, SiC silicon carbide-3% and 6%, depth of cut and nose radius are influenced the surface roughness and material removal rate. Moreover, Built-up-edge BUE formation was observed at every combinations of machining parameters such as spindle speed, feed, SiC silicon carbide-3% and 6%, depth of cut and nose radius which affected the surface quality negatively. The proximity of predicted results and experimental results provide proof that the algebraic matrix – DOE method has successfully established the predictive models. It is strongly suggested SiC silicon carbide 3% and 6% are successfully reinforced in Al6061 as well as optimize turning process parameters in wet condition than dry condition. Mathematical models for surface roughness and material removal rate are found to be statistically significant in wet condition.
An intrinsic causality principle in histories-based quantum theory: a proposal
Authors: Dowker Fay , Sorkin Rafael D
Published: October 2023

Relativistic causality (RC) is the principle that no cause can act outside its future light cone, but any attempt to formulate this principle more precisely will depend on the foundational framework that one adopts for quantum theory. Adopting a histories-based (or ‘path integral’) framework, we relate RC to a condition we term ‘Persistence of Zero’ (PoZ), according to which an event E of measure zero remains forbidden if one forms its conjunction with any other event associated to a spacetime region that is later than or spacelike to that of E. We also relate PoZ to the Bell inequalities by showing that, in combination with a second, more technical condition it leads to the quantal counterpart of Fine’s patching theorem in much the same way as Bell’s condition of local causality leads to Fine’s original theorem. We then argue that RC per se has very little to say on the matter of which correlations can occur in nature and which cannot. From the point of view we arrive at, histories-based quantum theories are nonlocal in spacetime, and fully in compliance with RC.
Effect of cooling roofs on gust wind speed over an urban agglomeration in Southern China
Authors: Wang Xueyuan , Liu Gang , Liu Hongnian , Tang Xiaodong , Lyu Mengyao , Meng Handong
Published: October 2023

Urbanization has promoted economic growth but it can increase gust wind speed, which may lead to serious damage to infrastructures. This study uses the Weather Research and Forecasting model and a gust parametrization scheme to evaluate the mitigation impact of white roofs and green roofs on wind gust over the Pearl River Delta, an urban agglomeration in Southern China in June, July, and August of 2014. The results show that both white and green roofs decrease the gust wind speed by decreasing the mean wind speed, suppressing the turbulent motion and weakening the convection. The impacts of white roofs are stronger than those of green roofs. The daily mean reductions of gust wind speed are approximately 1.2–1.3 m s−1 (12%–16%) and 0.4–0.6 m s−1 (6%–10%) by white and green roofs, respectively. In general, the contribution of turbulence (60%–85%) to the gust wind speed is the largest, and the contribution of mean wind speed is approximately 10%–30%, however, the effect of deep convection is not obvious (0%–15%) on the decrease of gust wind speed. The effect of cooling roofs on reducing the gust wind speed is stronger during daytime than during nighttime, and the effect is more significant in city areas that have higher building densities. Based on the findings, this study is potentially beneficial for policy-makings in developing urban disaster mitigation methods.
The emergence of quantum energy science
Authors: Metzler Florian , Sandoval Jorge I , Galvanetto Nicola
Published: October 2023

Quantum engineering seeks to create novel technologies based on the exploitation of distinctly nonclassical behaviors such as quantum coherence. The vast majority of currently pursued applications fall into the domain of quantum information science, with quantum computing as the most visible subdomain. However, other applications of quantum engineering are fast emerging. Here, we review the deployment of quantum engineering principles in the fields of solar energy, batteries, and nuclear energy. We identify commonalities across quantum engineering approaches in those apparently disparate fields and draw direct parallels to quantum information science. We find that a shared knowledge base is forming, which de facto corresponds to a new domain that we refer to as ‘quantum energy science’. Quantum energy science bears the promise of substantial performance improvements across energy technologies such as organic solar cells, batteries, and nuclear fusion. The recognition of this emerging domain may be of great relevance to actors concerned with energy innovation. It may also benefit active researchers in this domain by increasing visibility and motivating the deployment of resources and institutional support.
A filter-based feature selection approach in multilabel classification
Authors: Shaikh Rafia , Rafi Muhammad , Mahoto Naeem Ahmed , Sulaiman Adel , Shaikh Asadullah
Published: October 2023

Multi-label classification is a fast-growing field of machine learning. Recent developments have shown several applications, including social media, healthcare, bio-molecular analysis, scene, and music classification associated with the multilabel classification. In classification problems, multiple labels (multilabel or more than one class label) are assigned to an unseen record instead of a single-label class assignment. Feature selection is a preprocessing phase used to identify the most relevant features that could improve the accuracy of the multilabel classifiers. The focus of this study is the feature selection method in multilabel classification. The study used a feature selection filter method involving the Fisher score, analysis of variance test, mutual information, Chi-Square, and ensembles of these statistical methods. An extensive range of machine learning algorithms is applied in the modelling phase of a multilabel classification model that includes binary relevance, classifier chain, label powerset, binary relevance KNN, multi-label twin support vector machine, multi-label KNN. Besides, label space partitioning and majority voting of ensemble methods are used and Random Forest is the base learner. The experiments are carried out over five different multilabel benchmarking datasets. The evaluation of the classification model is measured using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and hamming loss. The study demonstrated that the filter methods (i.e. mutual information) having top weighted

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%

to

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%

features provided significant outcomes.
Geographical quantification of the seasonality of transmission of COVID-19 in human populations as a function of the variability of temperatures
Authors: Magers Bailey , Usmani Moiz , Wu Chang-Yu , Jutla Antarpreet
Published: October 2023

The occurrence of cases of COVID-19 suggests that it will likely become seasonally endemic in human populations. We seek to provide a quantification of the seasonality of the occurrence and severity of COVID-19 cases in human populations. Using global data, we show that the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 cases is a function of distinct seasons and climates. We investigated this at the county and the country scale using a comparison of seasonal means, correlation analyses using ambient air temperatures and dew point temperatures, and multiple linear regression techniques. We found that most locations had the highest incidence of COVID-19 during winter compared to other seasons. Regions closer to the equator had a higher incidence of COVID-19 during the summer than regions further from the equator. Regions close to the equator, where mean annual temperatures have less variance compared to those further from the equator, had smaller differences between seasonal COVID-19 incidence. Correlation and regression analyses showed that ambient air and dew point temperatures were significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence. Our results suggest that temperature and the environment are influential factors to understand the transmission of COVID-19 within the human population. This research provides empirical evidence that temperature changes are a strong indicator of seasonal COVID-19 outbreaks, and as such it will aid in planning for future outbreaks and for mitigating their impacts.
Sur un problème de compatibilité local-global localement analytique
Authors: Breuil Christophe , Ding Yiwen
Published: October 2023

On réinterprète et on précise la conjecture du

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localement analytique de \cite{Br1} de manière fonctorielle en utilisant les

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-modules sur l’anneau de Robba (avec éventuellement de la

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-torsion). Puis on démontre plusieurs cas particuliers ou partiels de cette conjecture “améliorée”, notamment pour

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Abstract. We reinterpret the main conjecture of \cite{Br1} on the locally analytic

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in a functorial way using

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-modules (possibly with

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-torsion) over the Robba ring, making it more accurate. Then we prove several special or partial cases of this “improved” conjecture, notably for

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Small RNA profiling reveals that an ovule-specific microRNA, cja-miR5179, targets a B-class MADS-box gene in Camellia japonica
Authors: Ma Xianjin , Nie Ziyan , Huang Hu , Yan Chao , Li Sijia , Hu Zhikang , Wang Yupeng , Yin Hengfu
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims

The functional specialization of microRNA and its target genes is often an important factor in the establishment of spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression that are essential to plant development and growth. In different plant lineages, understanding the functional conservation and divergence of microRNAs remains to be explored.

Methods

To identify small regulatory RNAs underlying floral patterning, we performed a tissue-specific profiling of small RNAs in various floral organs from single and double flower varieties (flowers characterized by multiple layers of petals) in Camellia japonica. We identified cja-miR5179, which belongs to a deeply conserved microRNA family that is conserved between angiosperms and basal plants but frequently lost in eudicots. We characterized the molecular function of cja-miR5179 and its target – a B-function MADS-box gene – through gene expression analysis and transient expression assays.

Key Results

We showed that cja-miR5179 is exclusively expressed in ovule tissues at the early stage of floral development. We found that cja-miR5179 targets the coding sequences of a DEFICIENS-like B-class gene (CjDEF) mRNA, which is located in the K motif of the MADS-box domain; and the target sites of miR5179/MADS-box were consistent in Camellia and orchids. Furthermore, through a petal transient-expression assay, we showed that the BASIC PENTACYSTEINE proteins bind to the GA-rich motifs in the cja-miR5179 promoter region and suppresses its expression.

Conclusions

We propose that the regulation between miR5179 and a B-class MADS-box gene in C. japonica has a deep evolutionary origin before the separation of monocots and dicots. During floral development of C. japonica, cja-miR5179 is specifically expressed in the ovule, which may be required for the inhibition of CjDEF function. This work highlights the evolutionary conservation as well as functional divergence of small RNAs in floral development.
Transcriptome analysis of anuran breeding glands reveals a surprisingly high expression and diversity of NNMT-like genes
Authors: Schulte Lisa M , Twomey Evan , Jendras Julia , Cruz-Elizalde Raciel , Bossuyt Franky
Published: October 2023

In many amphibians, males have sexually dimorphic breeding glands, which can produce proteinaceous or volatile pheromones, used for intraspecific communication. In this study we analyse two types of glands in the Mexican treefrog Ptychohyla macrotympanum (Hylidae)—large ventrolateral glands and small nuptial pads on their fingers—using histology, whole-transcriptome sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. We found strong differences in glandular tissue composition and gene expression patterns between the two breeding gland types. In both glands we only found low expression of protein pheromone candidates. Instead, in the ventrolateral glands, gene expression was strikingly dominated by nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT)-like genes. The diversity of these genes was remarkably high, with at least 68 distinct NNMT-like genes. Our comparative phylogenetic analysis of the diversity of NNMT-like genes across vertebrates indicates that the extreme diversity of this gene is largely a frog-specific phenomenon and can be traced to large numbers of relatively recent gene duplications occurring independently in many lineages. The strong dominance and astonishing diversity of NNMT-like genes found in anurans in general, and in their sexually dimorphic breeding glands specifically, suggests an important function of NNMT-like proteins for anuran reproduction, possibly being related to volatile pheromone production.
Similarity Regression Of Functions In Different Compiled Forms With Neural Attentions On Dual Control-Flow Graphs
Authors: Zhang Yun , Liu Yuling , Cheng Ge , Wang Jie
Published: October 2023

Detecting if two functions in different compiled forms are similar has a wide range of applications in software security. We present a method that leverages both semantic and structural features of functions, learned by a neural-net model on the underlying control-flow graphs (CFGs). In particular, we devise a neural function-similarity regressor (NFSR) with attentions on dual CFGs. We train and evaluate NFSR on a dataset consisting of nearly 4 million functions from over 14 900 binary files. Experiments show that NFSR is superior to the SOTA models of SAFE, Gemini and GMN, especially for binary functions with large CFGs. An ablation study shows that attention on dual CFGs plays a significant role in detecting function similarities.
Quality control to improve LDL-cholesterol management in patients with acute coronary syndromes based on the ACS EuroPath IV project
Authors: Schiele François , Catapano Alberico L , De Caterina Raffaele , Laufs Ulrich , Jukema J Wouter , Zaman Azfar , Sionis Alessandro
Published: October 2023

Aims

We performed quality control of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with a view to proposing corrective actions.

Methods and results

Using a Define Measure Analysis Improve Control (DMAIC) approach applied to data from the ACS EuroPath IV survey, we measured attainment of two quality indicators (QIs) related to lipid-lowering treatment: (i) prescription of high-intensity statins (or equipotent treatment) before discharge, and (ii) proportion with LDL-cholesterol <55 mg/dL (1.4 mmol/L) during follow-up. A total of 530 European cardiologists responded and provided data for up to 5 patients from their centre, for acute and follow-up phases. Corrective measures are proposed to increase the rate of attainment of both QIs. Attainment of the first QI was measured in 929 acute-phase patients, 99% had LLT prescribed at discharge and 75% of patients fulfilled the first QI. Attainment of the second QI was assessed in 1721 patients with follow-up. The second QI was reached in 31% of patients. The DMAIC approach yielded 10 potential changes in prescription, 3 for the first and 7 for the second QI. The overall strategy is ‘Fire to Target’, i.e. early intensification of the LLT using statins, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 inhibitors, and is presented as an algorithm for routine application.

Conclusion

Quality control for LLT, based on the ACS EuroPath IV survey, detected 10 potential changes in prescription that could enhance attainment of 2 QIs. Whether the Fire to Target strategy will be adopted and effective needs to be assessed in further steps of the EuroPath Quality programme.