bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discrimination in the hiring process – state of the art and implications for policymakers
Authors: Calluso Cinzia , Devetag Maria Giovanna
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Despite the increasing heterogeneity of the organizational workforce – as a consequence of major worldwide socioeconomic trends – a considerable number of studies shows how traditionally underrepresented groups still face significant barriers in entering the labor market. Literature has highlighted several grounds for discrimination: ethnicity, age, gender, religion, social status, sexual orientation, etc., and while some of these are extensively investigated (e.g. ethnicity), other fields are still gaining evidence (e.g. social status).

Design/methodology/approach

In the current paper, we aim at providing a review of current experimental studies aimed at detecting discrimination in hiring and the possible interventions to reduce bias. Then, we offer a point of reflection for policymaking, analyzing whether such issue should be addressed at the level of the individual (i-frame) or rather at a more systemic level (s-frame).

Findings

The paper provides substantial evidence that discrimination in hiring still exists, despite the never greater pressure for firms’ social sustainability. Further, existing interventions appear to have an overall limited impact in reducing bias. Hence, we suggest that the issue of discrimination in hiring should be tackled at a systemic level, by means of s-frame interventions.

Originality/value

The paper offers a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon by systematizing the existing body of knowledge deriving from empirical research and offering a broad perspective onto policy implications.
Nanofluid effect on dual-flow parabolic trough collector performance accompanies with passive technique using experimental data
Authors: Abbasian Arani Ali Akbar , Memarzadeh Ali
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Using passive techniques like twisted tapes and corrugated surface is an efficient method of heat transfer improvement, since the referred manners break the boundary layer and improve the heat exchange. This paper aims to present an improved dual-flow parabolic trough collector (PTC). For this purpose, the effect of an absorber roof, a type of turbulator and a grooved absorber tube in the presence of nanofluid is investigated separately and simultaneously.

Design/methodology/approach

The FLUENT was used for solution of governing equation using control volume scheme. The control volume scheme has been used for solving the governing equations using the finite volume method. The standard k–e turbulence model has been chosen.

Findings

Fluid flow and heat transfer features, as friction factor, performance evaluation criteria (PEC) and Nusselt number have been calculated and analyzed. It is showed that absorber roof intensifies the heat transfer ratio in PTCs. Also, the combination of inserting the turbulator, outer corrugated and inner grooved absorber tube surface can enhance the PEC of PTCs considerably.

Originality/value

Results of the current study show that the PTC with two heat transfer fluids, outer and inner surface corrugated absorber tube, inserting the twisted tape and absorber roof have the maximum Nusselt number ratio equal to 5, and PEC higher than 2.5 between all proposed arrangements for investigated Reynolds numbers (from 10,000 to 20,000) and nanoparticles [Boehmite alumina (“λ-AlOOH)”] volume fractions (from 0.005 to 0.03). Maximum Nusselt number and PEC correspond to nanoparticle volume fraction and Reynolds number equal to 0.03 and 20,000, respectively. Besides, it was found that the performance evaluation criteria index values continuously grow by an intensification of nanoparticle volume concentrations.
A review and research agenda for recent socially and environmentally sustainable practices for warehouse management systems
Authors: Minashkina Daria
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The concept of a sustainable warehouse management system (WMS) is a relevant yet under-researched area within warehousing logistics. The purpose of this research is twofold: first, to review the literature on the topic of socially and environmentally sustainable practices; second, to lay the theoretical base for identifying social and environmental sustainability practices in warehousing operations that can serve as focus areas for WMS operational functions.

Design/methodology/approach

This research built knowledge on a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis in Scopus Elsevier and Web of Science Core Collection databases. After comprehensively filtering English literature from 2016 to 2024, only 43 out of the initial 601 studies comprised relevant warehousing practices that can be incorporated into the scope of WMS activities.

Findings

As a result, retrieved practices were allocated to a specifically designed warehouse model within the main processes, equipment and resources. This model could serve as a baseline for incorporating 48 sustainable WMS practices. The prevailing share of practices focuses on environmental rather than social warehouse sustainability. WMS should adopt sustainable warehousing practices to reduce warehouses' carbon footprint, energy and resource consumption and improve working conditions in a warehouse.

Originality/value

There have not been any existing reviews on warehouses' social and environmental sustainability to synthesize knowledge and serve as a base for WMS sustainability. This research will contribute to developing more sustainable and environmentally responsible warehousing operations, ultimately benefiting society and the environment. By incorporating such practices into WMS, warehouse owners can ensure efforts toward social and environmental sustainability while still maintaining efficient operations.
Industrial management meets environmental reporting – how a learning factory for engineering education is used to teach accounting of greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Rüdele Kai , Wolf Matthias
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the piloting of an experience-based training module on greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting. The training is designed to promote knowledge and skills of both, students and professionals, in the context of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards. The paper’s purpose is to evaluate the suitability of the chosen environment of a learning factory (LF).

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed content and approach were initially created as basic training for cooperation partners from industry and auditing by applying Bloom’s taxonomy up to the level of analyzing, evaluating and creating in a close-to-reality industrial environment. Subsequently, the training was adapted for higher engineering education. Three consecutive exercises are explained concerning the crucial stages of carbon footprinting. To provide support for the authors’ suggestion that LFs are effective for the training in the field of GHG accounting, pre- and post-test and questionnaires were applied.

Findings

This case study reveals that LFs facilitate training participants to reliably identify, classify and quantify emission sources because of their authentic characteristics. Findings in this paper indicate that engineering students prefer this education practice over other formats.

Practical implications

This case study on active learning may prompt other universities to introduce similar concepts and content. Also, industrial professionals can benefit from this application-oriented teaching method.

Originality/value

Despite the urgent and far-reaching need for better awareness and expertise, there is an absence of initiatives that practically teach them. To the best of the authors‘ knowledge, this paper describes the first training of its kind used in an LF.
Preserving paddy fields through tourism in Indonesia: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Antariksa Basuki , Barsei Adhityo Nugraha , Maulana Addin , Shofiyati Rizatus , Adnan Asmadi , Firmansyah Nurhuda , Aulia Nabiella
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to show the opportunities and challenges of implementing slow tourism through a slow city concept, particularly concerning preserving paddy fields.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach using FGD, in-depth interviews and questionnaires with open questions.

Findings

Paddy field preservation can be achieved through the slow city concept if there is a strong commitment from the government and influential local wisdom.

Research limitations/implications

This research is conducted in five areas (cities and regencies). Hence, there should be similar research in other areas to find whether it can be implemented in other areas. Furthermore, other aspects have not been explored, such as how to convince policymakers to implement a slow city concept, integrate urban infrastructures and paddy fields or encourage and protect local residents who develop a slow city concept.

Practical implications

This research will give insight for policymakers to establish a policy that can realize livable cities for local residents and tourists, particularly in terms of food resiliency through tourism.

Social implications

This research will give new information about the importance of slow tourism to improve the quality of life in a city and to maintain food resilience.

Originality/value

This research shows the implementation and challenges of realizing slow city and slow tourism in some regions in Indonesia, particularly related to paddy fields preservation.
Changes in field-based research in accounting
Authors: Kihn Lili-Anne , Liew Angela , Nieminen Jani
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Merchant and Van der Stede (2006) produced a comprehensive analysis of 24 years (1981–2004) of field-based accounting research. This study aims to analyse how the publication of field research in accounting has changed since 2005. In addition, it aims to analyse contributions from specific individuals, institutions and countries, and whether the field studies have contributed to accounting research and textbooks.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors identified and classified 1,115 field-based accounting articles published in 14 accounting journals from 2005 to 2022 to uncover any changes. Thereafter, bibliometric analysis was conducted using data from SciVal.

Findings

The results show several significant changes. Firstly, the growth of field studies has more than trebled as nearly all journals published at least some field studies. Secondly, field research is no longer as confined to management accounting as before. It is gaining increasing traction in auditing, financial accounting and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Thirdly, while interview-based accounting research was clearly the most popular, the fastest growth was seen in mixed-methods non-management accounting research. While public sector management control case studies and content analysis of CSR were the most popular topics of interview-based studies, audits were the most popular topic in mixed-methods research. Authors based in large universities in large English-speaking countries have been most productive, followed by authors based in Europe and Asia. Based on citation analysis, the field studies have contributed to academic research substantially more than to textbooks.

Originality/value

An analysis of changes and trends improves the understanding of what has happened in accounting research and the development over time.
Climate board governance and carbon assurance – European evidence
Authors: Velte Patrick
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effect of climate board governance based on (1) carbon change committees, (2) critical mass of female board members and (3) carbon-related executive compensation, on the voluntary implementation and quality of carbon assurance.

Design/methodology/approach

Using stakeholder and critical mass theories, 978 firm-year observations for European Union firms for the 2017–2021 period are collected. Climate board governance and carbon assurance proxies come from the Carbon Disclosure Project.

Findings

Correlation and logit regression analyses show that climate board governance significantly improves carbon assurance (quality). The findings are robust to various robustness and endogeneity checks and are of great importance for researchers, regulators and business practice.

Originality/value

This analysis mainly contributes to previous studies by using a combined sustainable board governance score as a major driver of corporate carbon assurance practices for the first time.
Time-dependent flow of Reiner–Rivlin nanofluid over a stretching sheet with Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reaction
Authors: Muhammad Taseer , Haider Farwa
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The main purpose here is to explore the unsteadiness characteristics in magnetized flow of Reiner–Rivlin nanofluid. Energy and concentration expressions are modeled by utilizing Buongiorno model for nanoscale particles. Additionally, Joule heating and activation energy are also deliberated.

Design/methodology/approach

The bvp4c solver in MATLAB is employed for graphical and numerical outcomes.

Findings

A similar trend of temperature field is seen against thermophoresis and Brownian movement parameters. Thermal transport rate decreases via Prandtl number. Augmentation in mass transport rate is noted through unsteadiness parameter.

Originality/value

To the best of author’s knowledge, no such consideration has been given in the literature yet.
Law enforcement officer perceptions of the Good Samaritan law and their role in the opioid epidemic in the United States
Authors: Crist Michelle N. , Brenner Philip S.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Good Samaritan laws were enacted to reduce overdose deaths by lowering the barriers to reporting for victims and witnesses and allowing law enforcement officers to carry and administer Narcan to those suspected of an opioid-related overdose The purpose of this study is to understand how officers perceive the impact of opioid overdose reduction initiatives in the United States and their role in the opioid epidemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Mixed methods were used in two phases to examine perceptions among law enforcement officers in a Massachusetts police department. First, qualitative methods were used to interview nine patrol officers during participant observations in the form of ride-alongs. Second, patrol officers and officers who volunteer with the department opioid outreach program were surveyed.

Findings

Officers generally held mixed feelings about the state’s Good Samaritan law. They saw the importance of saving the lives of those experiencing an overdose and keeping other first responders safe, but also in enforcing laws against possession of illegal drugs that presents a public safety threat, including the accidental exposure to fentanyl. Despite mixed feelings, officers still believed it to be important that they are trained and able to administer Narcan since they are often the first to arrive on scene.

Originality/value

This study adds to the research on officers’ perceptions of their role in the opioid epidemic, their ability to administer Narcan and the impact of Good Samaritan laws on their community.
Unlocking innovation and sustainability: lessons from Dubai Expo 2020 for business transformation
Authors: Alagarsamy Subburaj , Ramdas Rajani
Published: October 2024

Research methodology

The data used in the case are collected through both primary and secondary sources. The interview method was used to collect data on the experience of the protagonist on visiting the expo and details about the Expo was collected using secondary sources.

Case overview/synopsis

The case study examines the success factors of initiatives implemented by the Dubai Expo 2020 team, with a focus on sustainable transportation, energy efficiency, people-centric spaces, biodiversity preservation, water efficiency, waste management, green building and communication. Even though not all objectives were met, the overall progress demonstrates a strong commitment to sustainability and positive effects on environmental, social and economic aspects. In addition, the case study demonstrates how businesses can incorporate social and environmental factors into their decision-making processes, supply chain management and responsible procurement practices. It highlights the significance of sustainability in business operations, stakeholder collaboration and continuous improvement. In addition, the case study provides innovative business models and practices that promote circular economy principles, waste reduction, resource efficiency and inclusivity. This case provides business students with valuable insights into successful sustainability initiatives and strategies for creating a more inclusive and equitable economy.

Complexity academic level

This case study is appropriate for intermediate undergraduate students in their third year or postgraduate students in their first year, particularly those enrolled in courses on sustainability, operations management, strategic management, supply chain management and corporate social responsibility. The case study is designed to enhance cognitive skills by analyzing and evaluating real-world examples of successful initiatives in sustainability, energy efficiency, people-centric spaces, biodiversity preservation, water efficiency, waste management, green building and open communication. It also aims to develop affective skills by fostering a commitment to sustainable practices and psychomotor skills through practical applications and projects. By analyzing these initiatives, students can comprehend how businesses can integrate social and environmental factors into their decision-making processes, supply chain management and responsible procurement practices to create a more inclusive and equitable economy. In addition, the case study introduces innovative business models and practices that promote circular economy principles, waste reduction and resource efficiency while fostering economic inclusion and equity. Overall, the case study equips students with the knowledge and motivation necessary to drive sustainable change within organizations and contribute to a more sustainable and equitable future.
Private Medicare plans' responses to benchmark changes and competition before and after the Affordable Care Act's payment cuts
Authors: Pelech Daria , Song Zirui
Published: October 2024

Objective

To examine how private Medicare Advantage (MA) plans responded to slower growth in federal payments after the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Data Sources and Study Setting

We used publicly available data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services on MA plan subsidies (“benchmarks”), asking prices (“bids”), plan premiums, cost‐sharing, and covered benefits. Data covered all counties with MA plans between 2006 through 2019.

Study Design

We examined plan responses to changes in benchmark subsidies by comparing changes in bids, rebates, and other outcomes between counties experiencing larger changes in benchmarks and counties with smaller changes, pre‐ and post‐ACA. We used longitudinal fixed effects regression models to assess heterogeneity in how plans adjusted premiums and benefits across more and less competitive markets.

Data Collection

Analyses included all counties with at least one MA plan available to individual beneficiaries. Plans targeting special populations were excluded.

Principal Findings

Average plan benchmarks fell by $89 per month post‐ACA, adjusted for inflation. Plans responded similarly to benchmark subsidy decreases and increases, increasing bids by 62 cents for every dollar increase in subsidies pre‐ACA (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56 to 0.67) and decreasing them by 57 cents for every dollar reduction in subsidies post‐ACA (95% CI: 0.49–0.65). However, post‐ACA, plans altered less salient benefits, such as cost‐sharing, by about twice as much as they had pre‐ACA. Premiums changed by similar amounts before and after the ACA (−$0.07, 95% CI: from −$0.09 to −$0.06). Plans in more competitive markets responded less to payment changes than plans did in less competitive markets, suggesting the former are operating closer to marginal costs. Finally, payments to plans declined far less than projected due in part to other changes in MA policy.

Conclusions

Plans used partial pass‐through of benchmark subsidy decreases to shield beneficiaries from cuts and allocated benchmark decreases to benefits that were less salient to the average enrollee. These findings, combined with higher‐than‐projected payments post‐ACA, may explain the continued growth in MA enrollment.
Risk of poor nutritional status and nutrition‐related complaints in individuals attending a primary care dietitian after a COVID‐19 infection: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Slotegraaf Anne I. , Kruizenga Hinke M. , Gerards Marissa H. G. , Verburg Arie C. , Hoogeboom Thomas J. , de van der Schueren Marian A. E. ,   the Dutch Consortium Allied Healthcare COVID‐19
Published: October 2024

Aims

To report the changes in nutritional status, nutrition‐related complaints and risk of sarcopenia in individuals attending a primary care dietitian in the Netherlands after a COVID‐19 infection.

Methods

The study was registered on the clinicaltrials.gov registry (NCT04735744). Nutritional status and nutrition‐related complaints were assessed with the Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form and body composition measurements when possible. Risk of sarcopenia was assessed with the Strength, Assistance with walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs and Falls questionnaire. Dietitians reported on treatment goals, content and volume of dietetic treatment. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study population and outcomes at baseline and end of treatment. For continuous variables, paired samples t‐tests were used to compare scores at the start and the end of dietetic treatment. For dichotomous variables. McNemar tests and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to determine differences between the start and end of treatment.

Results

A total of 222 participants were included [mean age 50 (SD 13), 58% female, 34% overweight, 40% obese]. Malnutrition risk decreased from 44% (medium risk) and 20% (high risk) to 29% and 12% by the end of treatment (p < 0.001). The risk of sarcopenia decreased from 31% to 22% (p < 0.001). There was an imbalance between fat‐free mass and fat mass in about half of the participants. The most commonly reported nutrition‐related complaints were fatigue, no appetite, the feeling of being full and changed or loss of taste. Median treatment duration was 21 weeks [interquartile range (IQR) 13–26] and 5 consultations (IQR 4–7). Most participants (46%) aimed to maintain weight, with others aiming to lose (14%) or gain (14%) weight. At the end of treatment, 57% had achieved the goals.

Conclusions

Significant improvements in nutritional status and risk of sarcopenia were observed after dietetic treatment in primary care, and most participants achieved the treatment goals. Nevertheless, nutrition‐related complaints and the risk of malnutrition or sarcopenia remained prevalent.
A study of professional practices, attitudes and barriers to blended tube feeding in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Reilly Claire , Ross Nicole , Watene Stacey , Lindeback Rachel , Coelho Tanya , Krishnan Usha , Perez William Pinzon , Chandrasekar Neha , Yap Jason , Breik Lina , Arrowsmith Fiona
Published: October 2024

Aims

This study investigates the utilisation of blended tube feeding by health professionals in Australia and New Zealand, assessing factors influencing its implementation following the Australasian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition blended tube feeding consensus statement.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted targeting health professionals across Australia and New Zealand. The survey comprised 35‐questions including multiple choice, Likert scales and open‐ended responses, to gain insights into blended tube feeding practices and perspectives. The effect of the health professional factors on outcomes was explored in pairs with a series of Chi‐squared tests. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using standard univariate logistic regression. An exploratory content analysis was used to code the open‐ended text responses to the survey questions which were then categorised and further synthesised into overarching themes.

Results

Out of 89 health professionals who completed the survey, the majority were dietitians, 63% reported managing fewer than five patients using blended tube feeding within their services. Parental request was the leading reason for adoption. Notable barriers included clinician time constraints, resource limitations and a lack of formal guidelines. Some health professionals considered the primary risk associated with blended tube feeding to be poor growth and/or weight loss. Professional development was pivotal in increasing confidence and advocating for blended tube feeding, with significant correlations observed between blended tube feeding training and clinical practice.

Conclusions

This study emphasises the essential role of education, resource availability and institutional policy in promoting blended tube feeding practices for health professionals. Findings suggest that focusing on professional development and standardised resources could significantly enhance knowledge, confidence and competence of health professionals in blended tube feeding application. The outcomes point towards the need for a coordinated approach to support evidence‐based blended tube feeding practices, aligning with the Australasian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition blended tube feeding resources and recommendations.
Major adverse cardiovascular events’ reduction and their association with glucose‐lowering medications and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study using electronic health records
Authors: Hsu Haowen , Kocis Paul Thomas , Pichardo‐Lowden Ariana , Hwang Wenke
Published: October 2024

Background

Cardiovascular diseases are a common cause of death among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risks can be significantly reduced under adequate glycemic control (GC). This study aims to identify factors that influence MACE risk among patients with T2DM, including Hemoglobin A1c variability score (HVS) and early use of MACE‐preventive glucose‐lowering medications (GLMs).

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal cohort study to retrospectively review electronic health records between 2011 and 2022. Patients with T2DM ≥18 years without previous stroke or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were included. Cox regression was utilized to investigate MACE risk factors and compare MACE risk reduction associated with early use of MACE‐preventive GLMs.

Results

A total of 19 685 subjects were included, with 5431 having MACE, including 4453 strokes, 977 AMI, and 1 death. There were 11 123 subjects with good baseline GC. Subjects with good baseline GC had 0.837 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.782–0.895) times lower MACE risk than their counterpart. Subjects with a single MACE‐preventive GLM at baseline with continuous use >365 days showed a decreased MACE hazard ratio (0.681; CI: 0.635–0.731). Among all MACE‐preventive GLMs, semaglutide provided a more significant MACE‐preventive effect.

Conclusions

This study identified that GLM, early GC, and HVS are MACE determinants among patients with T2DM. Novel GLM, adequate GC, and reduction of HVS can benefit MACE outcomes.

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Revisiting the Briggs Ancient DNA Damage Model: A Fast Maximum Likelihood Method to Estimate Post‐Mortem Damage
Authors: Zhao Lei , Henriksen Rasmus Amund , Ramsøe Abigail , Nielsen Rasmus , Korneliussen Thorfinn Sand
Published: October 2024

One essential initial step in the analysis of ancient DNA is to authenticate that the DNA sequencing reads are actually from ancient DNA. This is done by assessing if the reads exhibit typical characteristics of post‐mortem damage (PMD), including cytosine deamination and nicks. We present a novel statistical method implemented in a fast multithreaded programme, ngsBriggs that enables rapid quantification of PMD by estimation of the Briggs ancient damage model parameters (Briggs parameters). Using a multinomial model with maximum likelihood fit, ngsBriggs accurately estimates the parameters of the Briggs model, quantifying the PMD signal from single and double‐stranded DNA regions. We extend the original Briggs model to capture PMD signals for contemporary sequencing platforms and show that ngsBriggs accurately estimates the Briggs parameters across a variety of contamination levels. Classification of reads into ancient or modern reads, for the purpose of decontamination, is significantly more accurate using ngsBriggs than using other methods available. Furthermore, ngsBriggs is substantially faster than other state‐of‐the‐art methods. ngsBriggs offers a practical and accurate method for researchers seeking to authenticate ancient DNA and improve the quality of their data.
The Ribosomal Operon Database: A Full‐Length rDNA Operon Database Derived From Genome Assemblies
Authors: Krabberød Anders K. , Stokke Embla , Thoen Ella , Skrede Inger , Kauserud Håvard
Published: October 2024

Current rDNA reference sequence databases are tailored towards shorter DNA markers, such as parts of the 16/18S marker or the internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region. However, due to advances in long‐read DNA sequencing technologies, longer stretches of the rDNA operon are increasingly used in environmental sequencing studies to increase the phylogenetic resolution. There is, therefore, a growing need for longer rDNA reference sequences. Here, we present the ribosomal operon database (ROD), which includes eukaryotic full‐length rDNA operons fished from publicly available genome assemblies. Full‐length operons were detected in 34.1% of the 34,701 examined eukaryotic genome assemblies from NCBI. In most cases (53.1%), more than one operon variant was detected, which can be due to intragenomic operon copy variability, allelic variation in non‐haploid genomes, or technical errors from the sequencing and assembly process. The highest copy number found was 5947 in Zea mays. In total, 453,697 unique operons were detected, with 69,480 operon variant clusters remaining after intragenomic clustering at 99% sequence identity. The operon length varied extensively across eukaryotes, ranging from 4136 to 16,463 bp, which will lead to considerable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) bias during amplification of the entire operon. Clustering the full‐length operons revealed that the different parts (i.e., 18S, 28S, and the hypervariable regions V4 and V9 of 18S) provide divergent taxonomic resolution, with 18S, the V4 and V9 regions being the most conserved. The ROD will be updated regularly to provide an increasing number of full‐length rDNA operons to the scientific community.
good: An R package for modelling count data
Authors: Agis David , Tur Jordi , Moriña David , Puig Pedro , Fernández‐Fontelo Amanda
Published: October 2024

Organisms‐related data often appear as counts. The Poisson distribution is the most popular choice for modelling count data, but this distribution assumes equidispersion, which is usually not satisfied in real‐world data. Deviations from the Poisson assumption lead to discrete‐valued distributions that can fit over‐ and/or underdispersion.

Although models for count data with over‐dispersion have been widely considered in the literature, models for underdispersion—the opposite phenomenon—have received less attention because underdispersion is relatively common only in certain research fields, including ecology.

The Good distribution is a flexible option for modelling count data with over‐dispersion or underdispersion, although no R packages are available so far offering functionalities such as calculating quantiles, probabilities, etc., of a Good distribution or providing a method for modelling a Good‐distributed output based on a number of potential predictors.

This paper presents the R package good, which computes the standard probabilistic functions, generates random samples from a population following a Good distribution and estimates the Good regression.
Public perceptions of opioid misuse recovery and related resources in a nationally representative sample of United States adults
Authors: Golan Olivia , Kresovich Alex , Drymon Christina , Ducharme Lori , Flanagan Balawajder Elizabeth , Borowiecki Mateusz , Lamuda Phoebe , Taylor Bruce , Pollack Harold , Schneider John
Published: October 2024

Aims

To understand how the US public defines recovery from opioid misuse and the recovery‐related resources it views as most helpful, and to compare differences by opioid misuse history and demographic characteristics.

Design

Observational study of data from the nationally representative AmeriSpeak® Panel survey administered in October/November 2021.

Setting

United States.

Participants

6515 adults (≥ 18 years).

Measurements

Respondents ranked 10 definitions of recovery (religious in nature; spiritual in nature; physical/mental in nature; contributing to society; enhanced quality of life; seeking professional help; having a sense of purpose; moderate/controlled substance use; no drug use; abstaining from all substance use) and 9 resources that might contribute to recovery (primary care physician; intensive inpatient program; residential rehabilitation program; self‐help group; therapist/psychologist/social worker; prescribed medication; talking to family/friends; spiritual/natural healer; faith‐based organization). We explored differences in rankings by opioid misuse history (personal vs. family/friend vs. no history) and demographic characteristics (race, sex, age) using multivariable ordinal logistic regression.

Findings

Seeking professional help was the most endorsed recovery definition overall [mean (M) = 6.97, standard error (SE) = 0.03]. Those with personal opioid misuse history ranked enhanced quality of life (B = 0.16, P = 0.049) and having a sense of purpose (B = 0.16, P = 0.029) significantly higher, and ranked abstaining from substance use (B = ‐0.20, P = 0.009) significantly lower as recovery definitions than those without a history of opioid misuse. Compared with White respondents, Black (B = 0.60, P < 0.001) and Hispanic (B = 0.55, P < 0.001) respondents defined recovery as more religious in nature. Residential rehabilitation program was identified as the most helpful resource for recovery (M = 7.16, SE = 0.02), while prescribed medication received a relatively low ranking overall (M = 4.05, SE = 0.03). Those with family/friend opioid misuse history ranked prescribed medication as less helpful than others (B = ‐0.14, P = 0.003).

Conclusions

The general US public's views around recovery from opioid misuse appear to focus on abstinence and formal treatment receipt, while people with a history of opioid misuse place less emphasis on abstinence and greater emphasis on other aspects of well‐being.
Borderline tumours of the ovary: A 37‐year experience at a tertiary referral centre
Authors: McBain Rosie , Kashyap Aidan , Bishop Milly , Vicario Estefania , Volchek Mila , Naaman Yael , Rajadevan Niveditha , Jones Antonia , Neesham Deborah , McNally Orla
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Borderline ovarian tumours (BOT) are a common epithelial ovarian tumours. Typically diagnosed at an early stage with a good prognosis, many BOT are treated conservatively. Recurrence is common. This update to our last audit in 1997 represents one of the largest audits of BOT to date.

Materials and Methods

All patients with BOT managed at ‘the hospital’ from 1984 to 2021 were included. Expert pathology review was available.

Results

There were 549 cases included. The recurrence rate was 5% (n = 29/549) with 1.4% (n = 8/549) undergoing malignant transformation. Three of the eight women who recurred as cancer died from their disease. Frozen section was predictive of histologic diagnosis in 92% (n = 55/60) of serous tumours (SBOT), but only 62% (n = 54/87) of mucinous tumours (MBOT). In MBOT where the appendix appeared normal intra‐operatively, it was histologically benign in all cases (n = 63). In SBOT, the recurrence rate was 5/23 (22%), 12/52 (23%), 1/29 (3%) and 3% (P = <0.01) for unilateral cystectomy, unilateral oophorectomy ± cystectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, and bilateral oophorectomy with hysterectomy, respectively, as index procedure. In MBOT this correlated to 2/20 (10%), 3/93 (3%), 0 and 1/58 (2%), respectively.

Discussion

This study describes important information correlating first surgical procedure and fertility‐sparing surgery to recurrence and malignant transformation. For all BOT subtypes, fertility‐preserving surgery increased the risk of recurrence and hysterectomy was not superior to removal of both ovaries. In MBOT, frozen section is of limited utility and the macroscopically normal appendix is very unlikely to be anything but benign, if MBOT is the true histologic diagnosis.
Diagnostic Value of the Voltage‐to‐Mass Ratio in Biopsy‐Proven Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Jiang Zihan , Zhuang Shengsheng , Tang Min , Tian Zhuang , Zhang Shuyang
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The calculation of left ventricular mass varies in different studies, and reference values of the voltage‐to‐mass ratio for diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis (CA) are lacking. This study aimed to determine the value of the voltage‐to‐mass ratio in diagnosing CA and provide an optimal cut‐off value for different calculation methods.

Methods

We reviewed the electrocardiograms and echocardiograms of 213 consecutive biopsy‐proven CA patients, 236 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, 100 hypertensive heart disease patients, and 181 healthy controls. Left ventricular mass was calculated using linear and cross‐sectional area (CSA) methods. The voltage‐to‐mass ratios were compared between the CA group and other groups. The voltage‐to‐mass ratio obtained was used to build multivariate logistic regression models that predicted the log odds of developing CA.

Results

The CA group had a significantly lower voltage‐to‐mass ratio than the HCM, hypertensive heart disease, and healthy control groups. The voltage‐to‐mass ratio was an independent factor significantly associated with the CA diagnosis after adjusting for baseline characteristics. Linear and CSA methods yielded areas under the ROC curve of 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. Using the CSA method, the optimal cut‐off was 16.42 mV/mm2/m2, with 89.0% sensitivity and 80.8% specificity.

Conclusion

The voltage‐to‐mass ratio could differentiate patients with CA, HCM, and hypertensive heart disease from healthy controls, potentially providing an accurate and non‐invasive alternative to current expensive and invasive diagnostic techniques.
An extended substrate spectrum of the proton organic cation antiporter and relation to other cation transporters
Authors: Ali Khan Cauzar , Kirsch Nicolai , Brockmöller Jürgen , Redeker Kyra‐Elisa Maria
Published: October 2024

Most central nervous system (CNS) active drugs are organic cations, which need carrier proteins for efficient transfer through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). A genetically still unidentified proton organic cation (H+/OC) antiporter is found in several tissues, including endothelial cells of the BBB. We characterized the substrate spectrum of the H+/OC antiporter and the overlap in substrate spectrum with OCTN1, OCTN2 or OCT3 by screening 87 potential substrates for transport activity. Based on high antiport rates, 45 of the tested substances were substrates of the H+/OC antiporter. They included antidepressants (like tranylcypromine or nortriptyline), antipsychotics (like levomepromazine) and local anaesthetics. Concentration‐dependent transport was confirmed for 38 of the substrates. Transport uptake depending on a pH gradient across the cell membrane confirmed that 43 drugs were indeed substrates of the H+/OC antiporter. However, the patterns of pH dependence differed between the substrates, possibly indicating different modes of transport or the existence of multiple antiporter proteins. The substrate overlap between the H+/OC antiporter and OCTN1, OCTN2 or OCT3 was minimal, indicating that the latter three are not the proteins underlying the H+/OC antiporter activity. Overall, about 50% of positively charged drugs may be substrates of the antiporter, which may be the most important membrane transport protein for many drugs.
Social Inclusion Through Making Neighbourhood Connections: Experiences of Older Adults With Intellectual Disabilities of Local Volunteering and Leisure, Facilitated by Local Connectors
Authors: Boland Geraldine , Potter Anne‐Marie , de Paor Eilin , Guerin Suzanne
Published: October 2024

Background

The social networks of adults with intellectual disabilities are often small and may be limited to family, paid staff and others with disabilities. This study explored the social inclusion of six individuals who joined mainstream leisure clubs or became local volunteers.

Method

This qualitative intervention study provided structured support and education to local connectors, existing members of clubs/organisations who provided one‐to‐one support to new members with intellectual disabilities. After 4 months, qualitative interviews were conducted to explore the experiences of the six participants with disability. Data were analysed using content analysis.

Findings

Individuals joining mainstream leisure clubs or volunteering, with natural supporters, creates opportunities for making new acquaintances and expanding social networks. Finding local connectors and opportunities for shared volunteering or leisure activities based on personal goals/interests are key to individuals forming new acquaintances close to where they live. Barriers and facilitators to participation are identified.

Conclusions

Adults with intellectual disabilities becoming volunteers or joining mainstream leisure clubs has the potential to lead to enhanced opportunities for social inclusion in their neighbourhoods. Implications for policy and practice are examined. Recommendations for further research are explored. A Valued Social Role Checklist developed from this study offers a tool when sourcing social roles.
Adverse events after chemodenervation with onabotulinum neurotoxin A in children with hypertonia and sialorrhea
Authors: Krieger Jacqueline , Prosser Laura , Evans Sarah Helen
Published: October 2024

Aim

To identify the incidence and type of adverse events reported after chemodenervation with onabotulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) in children with hypertonia and sialorrhea and compare adverse events in the on‐label or off‐label use of BoNT‐A with regard to dose, patient's age, and location of the injection.

Method

Using a retrospective chart review, we studied BoNT‐A injections occurring from January 2017 to December 2020 in patients at a pediatric hospital. The electronic health record was examined to identify adverse events reported within 2 months of the injection. Data included the patient's age, sex, race, and ethnicity, as well as the type of toxin injected, the dose, the location of injection, and the patient's weight.

Results

We analyzed 1733 procedures. Adverse events were infrequent (2.5%) and not serious, most commonly reported as pain or discomfort. All adverse events were temporary and there were no deaths. We did not observe a meaningful difference in the frequency of adverse events for injections that exceeded the 2022 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved maximum dose compared to injections that were within the FDA‐approved dose range. The likelihood of adverse events did not increase with higher doses of BoNT‐A. More adverse events were reported for injection into the salivary glands (4.37%) than into the extremities (2.26%).

Interpretation

Higher doses of injected BoNT‐A in a pediatric population may be safe. Further work is needed to investigate the relationship between dose and efficacy.
Using technology to support diabetes care in hospital: Guidelines from the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS‐IP) group and Diabetes Technology Network (DTN) UK
Authors: Avari Parizad , Choudhary Pratik , Lumb Alistair , Misra Shivani , Rayman Gerry , Flanagan Daniel , Dhatariya Ketan ,   the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS‐IP) group
Published: October 2024

This article summarises the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS‐IP) Group guidelines on the use of technology to support diabetes care in hospital. The guideline incorporates two main areas: (i) use of wearable technology devices to improve diabetes management in hospital (including continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pump therapy) and (ii) information technology. Although it is reasonable to extrapolate from the evidence available, that devices developed to enhance diabetes care outside hospital will show similar benefits, there are challenges posed within the inpatient setting in hospital. This guidance provides a pragmatic approach to supporting self‐management in individuals using wearable technology admitted to hospital. Furthermore, it also aims to provide a best practice guide for using information technology to monitor diabetes care and communicate between health professionals.
Association of initial serum sodium change and clinical outcome in patients with diabetes receiving sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor therapy: A multicentre database analysis in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Yu‐Wen , Chan Yi‐Hsin , Chuang Chi , Chen Shao‐Wei , Chao Tze‐Fan , Kao Yi‐Wei
Published: October 2024

Aim

The study aimed to assess the impact of varying degrees of initial serum sodium change among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) starting sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy and their subsequent clinical outcome.

Methods

We used medical data from a multicentre health care provider in Taiwan and recruited 4400 patients with T2D with baseline normal serum sodium (135–145 mmol/L) and follow‐up serum sodium measures available after 3 months of SGLT2i treatment from 1 June 2016 to 31 December 2021.

Results

After a median of 2.9 (2.4, 3.4) months of SGLT2i treatment, overall, there was a minimal change in serum sodium levels (from 139.6 ± 2.4 to 139.5 ± 3.7 mmol/L). Most patients (87.8%) maintained normal sodium levels, while 8.6% (n = 378) experienced hyponatraemia (<135 mmol/L) and 3.6% (n = 158) hypernatraemia (>145 mmol/L). Factors independently associated with hyponatraemia included cancer history, chronic lung disease, insulin use, higher glycated haemoglobin, impaired liver function, lower baseline sodium and greater initial decline in kidney function. Conversely, factors linked to hypernatraemia included older age, absence of cancer history, loop diuretic and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use, higher baseline sodium and a lesser initial decline in kidney function. Over a median of 26.0 months of follow‐up, hyponatraemia shortly after starting SGLT2i therapy was associated with significantly increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events [hazard ratio (HR): 2.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.83–3.48], heart failure for hospitalization (HR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.16–2.37), major adverse renal events (HR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.73–2.96) and all‐cause death (HR: 2.98; 95% CI: 2.17–4.11) after adjusting for clinically relevant factors. Non‐linear analysis indicated that a more pronounced initial decline in serum sodium levels correlated steeply with higher risks of these adverse events.

Conclusion

While most patients with T2D maintain stable serum sodium homeostasis on SGLT2i therapy, a subset may experience dysnatraemic events with potential worse clinical consequences. Physicians should be vigilant about monitoring sodium levels and considering the associated risks when initiating SGLT2i therapy in patients with risk.