bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waterfall Exploration in Banyumas Regency Based on Ecotourism Environmental Protection (EEP) Approach for Water Conservation
Authors: Hardanto A , Ardiansyah  , Mustofa A , Taryana A
Published: May 2021

Serayu watershed, the largest watershed in Central Java Province of Indonesia, have various condition in the catchment area. Drawback of environmental services occurred in Banjarnegara, Wonosobo and Purbalingga regency due to intensive agriculture activities in the catchment area. However, suitable protected catchment area performed in Banyumas regency as part of Serayu watershed. Nature landscape and water quality (e.g., river and spring) are potential for tourism and domestic water resource. Nowadays, population growth and economical reason may threaten environmental services especially in catchment area. The research aim to identify waterfall potential as ecotourism development in Banyumas regency. Ecotourism Environmental Protection (EEP) approach already implemented in Asian mainland and appropriate tool for describing environmental protect measurement and its effect. EEP modified variables with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis were applied with focusing on water resource and conservation especially on waterfall ecotourism development. Identification of waterfall and survey of local communities, natural community, and government were conducted. We explore 109-waterfall in 17 districts of Banyumas regency with less than 20% manage by local or regional government. Third sector intervention (such local-or regional government and private sector) is indispensable for improving waterfall value as ecotourism attraction. In attractive waterfall destination, local people including local organisation receive economic benefit and might improve their welfare. Ecotourism of waterfall in Banyumas regency is promising strategy for water conservation in catchment area.
Numerical Model for Quantifying the Function of Soil Erosion and Sediment Transport Controls at Slope Agricultural Lands
Authors: Apip
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to build a numerical model that has the capability to account for the effect of various water and soil conservation practice scenarios in reducing erosion rate and sediment loads along slope cultivated lands. As further, inter-rill and rill erosion were implicitly represented by the raindrop and overland flow soil detachments. The observed surface runoff and sediment concentration data in response to incoming water from the rainfall within selected agricultural river catchments were used to evaluate the performance of spatially distributed, processed-based Hillslope Erosion and Sediment Transport Model (HESTM). As erosion and sediment yield from slope lands are primarily determined by rainfall, surface runoff, topography, vegetative canopy cover, ground surface cover, soil erodibility, and sediment properties. Thus, several scenario-based control strategies according to three clusters of water erosion and sediment control measures had been examined. They are agronomic measures and soil management; field management; and mechanical approach. Accordingly, scenario-based water and soil conservation practices were designed for setup numerical experiments of the model at selected water catchments located in the Upper Citarum and Cimanuk River basins, West Java which dominated by planted seasonal crops (carrot and potato). The study area was discretized into a spatial resolution of 30 x 30 m for considering heterogeneity and control measures function in rainfall-runoff-erosion-sediment process mechanisms.
Case Study: Water Resources, Knowledge and Safety Practices of Pesticides Among Farmers Around Lake Diatas of West Sumatera
Authors: Edwin T , Bachtiar V S , Helard D , Komala P S , Kusuma R N
Published: May 2021

Lake Diatas is surrounded by agricultural activities that cannot be separated from the use of synthetic pesticides. Improper use of pesticides may endanger the health of farmers. This research aims to observe the clean water resources, as well as the knowledge and safety practices of pesticides among farmers around Lake Diatas. Interviews were conducted with 30 heads of families who lived and farmed around Lake Diatas. The results showed that 40% of farmers utilized rainwater as clean water, 30% used shallow well water which most of the wells were open and have no concrete ring, which vulnerable to contamination. There were 11 active ingredients detected used by farmers with one type with highly hazardous and two of them were moderately hazardous toxicity. For farmers’ knowledge, 76, 7% of farmers know that the improper use of pesticides may cause health problems and environmental pollution. There were 73, 3% of farmers determine the dose of pesticide regarding packaging label, while the rest determine the dose from the seller recommendation and also trial and error. All of the farmer respondents used personal protective equipment during spraying but mostly only googles, gloves, and masks, and 40% of farmers experienced health problems after spraying. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the practice of PPE practice on farmers who farm and live around Lake Diatas still needs to be improved to prevent more health problems that can be caused by pesticide application.
Tannin Contents of Jackfruit Leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Extract and Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera) Extract as Functional Additive Feed in Ruminan Livestock
Authors: Utari A , Warly L
Published: May 2021

Tannin compounds are polyphenolic compounds that function as antioxidants and inhibit tumor growth in plants, foods and drinks that can dissolve in water and organic solvents. This research’s objective is to identify tannin contents of Jackfruit leaf extract and Moringa leaf extrack as functional additive feed for ruminant. Detecting simple phenolic compounds the extract with 1% FeCl3 solution in water, which gives rise to strong green, red, purple, blue or black colors. The formation of a blackish green or blackish blue color in the extract after adding FeCl3 because tannins will form complex compounds with Fe3 ions. The research’s result shows that phytochemical test of tannins on moringa and jackfruit leaf extracts showed positive results and generated sediment. The conclusion of this study is the presence of tannin compounds in jackfruit and moringa leaves as a functional feed additive to increase the productivity of ruminants.
Shelf-life Prediction of Gluten-Free Dry Noodles Made from Composite Flour (Mocaf, Tapioca, Cornstarch, and Soybeans) Using Accelerated Shelf-life Testing (ASLT) Method with Arrhenius Equation Approach
Authors: Violalita F , Yanti H F , Novita R , Evawati  , Syahrul S , Fahmy K
Published: May 2021

Research on gluten-free noodles made from composite flour (modified cassava flour (mocaf), tapioca, cornstarch, and soybeans) has been carried out in previous studies. However, research on the shelf life of these noodles has not been carried out. Information on shelf life is intended to ensure product quality is in good condition when consumed and does not endanger consumers’ health. This research aims to determine the shelf life of gluten-free dry noodles made from composite flour (mocaf, tapioca, cornstarch, and soybeans). Determination of gluten-free dry noodles’ shelf life using Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) with the Arrhenius approach based on the pattern of changes in water content. Gluten-free dry noodles are packed using polypropylene plastic with a thickness of 0.09 mm. The packaged noodles were then stored at different temperatures, 25°C, 35°C, and 45°C. The parameter observed was moisture content on days 0, 14, 28, 35, and 42 days. The result showed that water content tends to increase during storage of gluten-free dry noodles from composite flour (mocaf, tapioca, cornstarch, and soybeans). Gluten-free dry noodles from the composite flour (mocaf, tapioca, cornstarch, and soybeans) stored at 25°C had the most suitable shelf life, around 161 days.
Application of Vertical Stainless-Steel Type of Steam Boiler for Home Industry of Tofu
Authors: Radi  , Bairawa B P , Putra R F , Triwitono P , Marheriyanto
Published: May 2021

As a traditional food, tofu is a very popular food for Indonesian people. Tofu is a type of food that is produced from soybeans through a series of stages, one of which is the boiling stage. This stage plays a major role in determining the quality of the results. Although steam tofu technology has long been found with a number of advantages, tofu craftsmen generally still use the traditional method of boiling soybean porridge. This then makes the tofu produced has low quality. This study aims to introduce and observe the advantages of steam boiler technology in improving the boiling process of traditional soybean porridge. The research begins with the manufacture of a vertical fire pipe steam boiler made of stainless steel. The boiler is made with a diameter of 78 cm and a height of 120 cm. The steam boiler is designed with 7 fire pipes equipped with a chimney at the top. The steam boiler is designed and constructed in a laboratory, then applied to a small tofu processing industry with a capacity of 200 kg of dry soybeans per day. The activity of observing the performance of the steam boiler was carried out for several months. The results of the analysis show that: (1) the steam boiler has been functioning properly, (1) producing tofu with the boiler is more efficient, time saving, and cost-effective (less fuel), (2) quality of tofu produced with the boiler is better, especially when viewed from the aspect of taste.
Emerging Trends in Sustainable Food Processing Industry
Authors: Manaf Y N , Yusof Y A
Published: May 2021

Food industry undergoes a dynamic innovation and digital transformation in ensuring food security and sustainability in the rapidly growing global population. In this sense, it is necessary to evaluate the technological trends and advances that will change the food processing industry. It is crucial to evaluate the influence of food processing technology to produce a nutritious and easy-to-handle food as well as its supply chain. This is particularly important to meet certain standards and customers’ demands, and this paper presents halal requirements in the supply chain. Digital technology can also help the food industry in the new era to make it easier for consumers to get food more easily, quickly, and with more options without having to go to the food premises. Therefore, this paper discusses on thermal and non-thermal food processing trends in the context of preparation of ready-to-eat food, three-dimensional (3D) food printing, and utilisation of digital technology in food industry and services.
Ant Community (Hymnoptera: Formicidae) in people’s sago plantations, West Tebing Tinggi Sub-District, Meranti Islands, Riau Province
Authors: Fadli M , Yulminarti  , Herwina H , Jaura M N , Satria R
Published: May 2021

Changes in natural ecosystems into plantations will cause changes in soil animal community. Ants are thought to be affected by environmental changes. This study aimed to see the diversity and evenness of ant species at sago plantation and forested habitat in Tebing Barat District, Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau. The study had been conducted from April to September 2020 using pitfall trap. It recorded 17 ant species of 7 tribes and 5 subfamilies, detailed as 12 species at sago plantations and 13 species at forested habitat. The overall habitat had moderate and diversity (H’= 1-3).
West Sumatran Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini): What can be told from its Local Distribution
Authors: Herwina H , Salmah S , Jasmi  , Yaherwandi  , Mairawita  , Janra M N , Rusdimansyah  , Christy B Y , Sari D A , Putri G
Published: May 2021

Research on stingless bee at several Meliponiculture (stingless beekeeping) sites in West Sumatra, including at Universitas Andalas Campus Complex, had been conducted from April to December 2019 by using direct survey and direct collection methods on stingless bee worker at their colony entrances. A total of 18 stingless bee species that belong to five genera were collected. Tetragonula was the genus with the highest in species number (8), followed by Homotrigona (5) and Lepidoptrigona (3). Meanwhile, Heterotrigona and Geniotrigona were only represented by a single species each despite their popularity among West Sumatra beekeepers. Universitas Andalas Campus Complex harbours the highest species number of stingless bee (10), followed by stingless beekeeping site in Lubuk Minturun (7). Only 2-4 stingless bee species bred elsewhere stingless beekeeping sites. We presume that the difference of species number recorded in various stingless beekeeping sites indicated the complexity of this bee species within the variety of habitats.
How to Reclaim Your Dragons? A Retrospective Review on Odonatology in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Janra M N , Herwina H
Published: May 2021

Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) were not really popular subjects for biological studies at least until a decade ago in West Sumatra. In many scientific publications published by Lieftinct, a colonial era odonatologist, not many localities in West Sumatra mentioned as the origin of his odonata specimens. In this study, we intend to review the extent of current odonatological works in West Sumatra to gain perspective on the ongoing scientific aspects of this taxon. We used literature study method to compile data from historical and recent bibliographies, published works and other resources regarding dragonflies in West Sumatra. As result, from around 294 odonate species ever recorded in Sumatra Island, 98 species have been recognized from within the borders of West Sumatra Province with more than half recently reobserved. Albeit most publications are taxonomical and inventorial in their nature, further survey works are still needed to gain thorough insight on West Sumatran odonates. Meanwhile, the current studies and researches indicate the possibilities that dragonflies can also be integrated into the wider aspects, such as ecotourism, pest management, landscaping, environmental impact assessment, aesthetic and many others. Hence, introducing odonates as fascinating study object to the new generation of biologists can help furthering the advance and diversification of odonatological study in West Sumatra.
Religious Leaders as Trusted Messengers in Combatting Hypertension in Rural Tanzanian Communities
Authors: Lambert Valencia J , Kisigo Godfrey A , Nzali Aneth , Laizer Evarist , Paul Ndalloh , Walshe Louise , Kalokola Fredrick , Okello Elialilia S , Sundararajan Radhika , Mwakisole Agrey H , Downs Jennifer A , Peck Robert N
Published: May 2021

Background

Hypertension is a growing public health emergency in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the known influence of religious leaders in rural sub-Saharan Africa and our prior research, we explored perspectives of religious leaders on hypertension and potential strategies to improve hypertension control in their communities.

Methods

We conducted 31 in-depth interviews with Christian (n = 17) and Muslim (n = 14) religious leaders in rural Tanzania. Interviews focused on religious leaders’ perceptions of hypertension and how they could play a role in promoting blood pressure reduction. We used interpretative phenomenological analysis, a qualitative research method, to understand religious leaders’ perspectives on, and experiences with, hypertension.

Results

Three main themes emerged during analysis. First, we found that perceptions about causes, treatment, and complications of hypertension are influenced by religious beliefs. Second, religious beliefs can enable engagement with hypertension care through religious texts that support the use of biomedical care. Third, religious leaders are enthusiastic potential partners for promoting hypertension control in their communities. These themes were consistent between religion and gender of the religious leaders.

Conclusions

Religious leaders are eager to learn about hypertension, to share this knowledge with others and to contribute to improved health in their communities.
Living after Life
Authors: Taylor Matthew A
Published: May 2021

My second book project explores the paradox of how a period ostensibly characterized by increasingly materialist conceptions of life—roughly bookended by On the Origin of Species (1859) and the discovery of DNA’s structure (1953)—perpetuated a vitalist (yet murderous) metaphysics that became the lifeblood of modern Western thought. This metaphysics values living beings according to the degree they embody the supposed ideal of biological life: free agency. Not only does such a model come to authorize violence against certain populations deemed naturally unfree, it also demands—as an expression of superior vitality—mastering the Earth. I thus contend, against specific versions of new materialism and neovitalism, that extending vitality to encompass all things furthers rather than forecloses a worldview central to eugenics and climate change alike. In sections on the history of biology, evolutionary aesthetics, and literary model organisms, I exhibit both life’s horrific reach and its utter fictionality—exemplified in this essay through an examination of the genocidal impulses inherent to Gaia discourses old and new. Drawing on scholarship in Black studies, disability studies, biopolitics, queer theory, and animal studies, my project’s final section explores fugitive alternatives to life in two distinct late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century archives: silent film comedies of mortal imperilment and Black speculative fictions envisioning nonlethal (because nonvitalized) modes of being.
A - 01 Baseline Executive Functioning and Mood in Older Adults before a Remote Physical Exercise Training Program
Authors: FT Agate , K Milligan , A Webber , MA Garcia-Barrera
Published: May 2021

Objective

Physical exercise shows benefits to executive functioning (EF), a cognitive process that is relevant to goal-directed planning, application of complex rules, and dynamic control of action. However, many older adults have not engaged in exercise due to social distancing measures implemented to combat the Covid-19 pandemic. The present study aims to administer a remote physical exercise training program to older adults in Canada and examine its effects on EF and mood, beginning with the collection of the following baseline data.

Methods

So far, nine older adults (78% females, 66–78 years-old) have completed a remote assessment that examines current physical exercise engagement, Covid-related distress, general mood, and executive behavior. In addition, the assessment included computerized tasks measuring various aspects of EF. Pattern analyses were used to characterize trends in baseline data.

Results

67% of participants reported undergoing no moderate-vigorous physical exercise in a typical week. Compared to other participants, more individuals in this subgroup performed at a lower rate on a higher-order EF task (i.e., the Balloon Analogue Risk Task). Similarly, more participants who endorsed higher Covid-related psychological distress performed worse in the same task compared to others (40% in the lower third of performance vs. 0%), and also endorsed more difficulties with organization.

Conclusions

These results suggest that those who do not engage in physical exercise are potential candidates to experience the mental health and cognitive benefits of a physical exercise training program.
A - 04 Sociocultural and Health Equity Barriers Influencing Time to Clinic Following Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: TJ Caze , D Vasquez , DM Loveland , SO Burkhart
Published: May 2021

Objective

Given the strong association between time to specialty concussion clinic and recovery, the purpose of this study was to examine sociocultural factors influencing time to clinic.

Methods

1001 participants ages 8–18 (M = 14, SD = 2.2) with SRC were seen in a specialty concussion clinic. Groups were divided into early (within 7 days of injury) and delayed (8–20 days) to clinic. Sociocultural factors including race, insurance category of private vs. non-private (i.e., Medicaid and CHIP), and their intersectionality were examined to determine potential differences in access.

Results

There was a significant difference between insurance category X2(1) =41.37, p < 0.001 and days to clinic, 34.7% of those with non-private insurance compared to 15.7% with private insurance were in the delayed to clinic group. There was a significant difference in insurance category by race X2(6) =253.28, p < 0.001, with Hispanic (60.8%) and Black (50.3%) patients being more likely to have non-private insurance compared to just (9.4%) of White participants. There was a significant difference in days to clinic by race X2(6) =40.02, p < 0.001, with 34.8% of Hispanic and 25.9% of Black participants compared to 14.5% of White participants being in the delayed to clinic group. White males with private insurance on average got to clinic faster (M = 3.78, SD = 3.94) than minority females with non-private insurance (M = 9.04, 4.94).

Conclusions

Even though early access to a specialty concussion clinic is associated with faster recovery times, there are glaring disparities regarding health equity and whom is getting to clinic early. Further research is needed to help determine ways to minimize these barriers.
A - 10 Concussion Rates and Sports Participation Time Loss in Sex-Comparable Middle School Sports
Authors: S Hacherl , P Kelshaw , N Erdman , A Lincoln , R Dunn , J Martin , J Ambegaonkar , N Cortes , C McGill , S Caswell
Published: May 2021

Objective

High rates of concussion in sex-comparable sports have been reported at the high school (HS), however, research examining concussion rates and time loss, in middle school (MS) sports is limited; therefore, we investigated concussion rates and time loss (TL) in sex-comparable MS sports.

Methods

Concussion and athlete exposure (AE) data was collected for all MS sponsored events in a metropolitan public-school division between 2015/16–2019/20. AE was defined as one athlete participating in one sport-event. TL was defined as the number of days between the injury and return to sport dates. Injury rates (IR) per 1000 AEs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for sex-comparable sports (baseball/softball, basketball, soccer, & track). Injury rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CIs were compared IR between sexes. CIs excluding 1.0 were considered significant. A Mann–Whitney U test compared mean TL between sexes.

Results

76 concussions (IR = 0.35/1000AEs, 95%CI: 0.27–0.43) occurred across 215,074 AEs. Girls had a higher IR (0.48, 95%CI: 0.35–0.62, n = 52) than boys (0.22, 95%CI: 0.13–0.31, n = 24; IRR:2.18, 95%CI:1.34–3.53). Girls had a greater mean TL (20.27 ± 16.96 days) than boys (13.67 ± 5.66 days, U = 282.5, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Within sex-comparable sports, girls had nearly twice the IR, and took nearly 7 days longer to recover than boys. IR differences between sexes in MS and HS athletes were consistent, however MS girls needed nearly one-week longer to recover than HS girls, while MS and HS boys were similar. Further inquiry into MS sport concussion rates, sex differences, and subsequent TL is warranted.
A - 11 Are Self-Reported Cognitive Symptoms an Accurate Evaluation of Cognitive Functioning?
Authors: J Hansen , M Mrazik , R Wagner , P Arends , M Varkovestski , Q Ree-Fedun , D Naidu
Published: May 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether self-reports of cognitive symptoms were associated with cognitive test performances.

Methods

The sample included 112 Canadian Football League (CFL) athletes who were diagnosed using CFL concussion protocols. All participants underwent a cognitive assessment at baseline and prior to medical clearance. The battery included the immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing (ImPACT) and The Post-Concussion Symptom Checklist.

Results

Self-reported cognitive symptoms and cognitive test performances were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlations (rho; ρ). There were significant negative correlations between post-concussion verbal memory composite and the self-reported cognitive symptoms total (ρ = −0.22). Similar patterns were found for visual memory composite and the self-reported cognitive symptom total (ρ = −0.19). Paired-samples t-tests were used to assess differences between pre- and post-concussion scores. Cases were omitted if there were no pre- or post-test. If multiple concussions were sustained, the first assessment was used (n = 99). There was a significant difference between the pre- and post-test results between the subjective cognitive symptom total (t = −2.034, p > 0.05).

Conclusions

These outcomes suggest that CFL athletes report significantly higher cognitive symptoms following a concussion. Additionally, the pre-test subjective measures were not correlated to objective cognitive functioning. However, post-concussion subjective measures were negatively correlated with verbal and visual memory. This suggests that self-reports were more accurate at assessing their overall functioning following a concussion.
A - 14 Immediate vs. Delayed Onset of Symptoms and Differences In Clinical Presentation Following Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: AS Kirschler , J Preszler , AM Trbovich , MW Collins , AP Kontos
Published: May 2021

Objective

Delayed onset of symptoms following SRC is common and associated with continued play and potentially worse outcomes. This study sought to determine if athletes with delayed onset of symptoms (DOS) had different demographics, constitutional risk factors, and clinical outcomes compared to athletes with immediate onset of symptoms (IOS).

Methods

Participants included 139 athletes (63.3% males) aged 11–24 (15.79 ± 2.71) evaluated within 7 days (3.43 ± 1.59) of injury. Athletes completed a medical history interview and the clinical profiles screening (CP screen). Mean scores were calculated for the CP screen, with primary and secondary profiles coded. A series of univariate nonparametric tests (i.e., χ2 with odds ratios [ORs], 95% CI) were used to examine the associations between IOS (i.e., onset during sport [n = 102, 73.4%]) and DOS (i.e., onset after ceasing play [n = 37, 26.6%]) groups on demographics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes.

Results

Groups did not differ on any demographic or risk factors. The DOS group had increased likelihood of having posttraumatic migraine (PTM) as a primary/secondary clinical profile (OR = 2.60 [CI = 1.12–6.07], p = 0.03) and the IOS group had increased likelihood of having a primary vestibular clinical profile (OR = 2.16 [CI = 1.01–4.63], p = 0.04). Groups did not differ on any other clinical profiles (p > 0.05) or recovery time (p = 0.88).

Conclusions

DOS following SRC was common in our sample (27%), highlighting the importance of assessment beyond game time for clinicians. While DOS was not associated with longer recovery, we found associations with clinical profiles and timing of symptom onset that may guide clinicians with follow up evaluation and treatment.
A - 24 Exploring Vestibular/Ocular and Cognitive Dysfunction as Prognostic Factors for Protracted Recovery in Sports-Related Concussion Patients Aged 8–12 Years
Authors: AM Price , G Knell , TJ Caze , JP Abt , D Loveland , SO Burkhart
Published: May 2021

Objective

To explore the prognostic ability of the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tool, the King-Devick Test (KD), and the C3 Logix Trails A and B (C3), individually and in combination, for identifying protracted recovery from sports-related concussion (SRC) in patients aged 8–12 years.

Methods

114 youth athletes aged 8–12 years diagnosed with a SRC within 7-days of injury participated in this study. The prognostic ability of the VOMS, KD, and C3 to classify patients as normal versus protracted recovery, defined as recovery time greater than 30-days, was evaluated using measures of test validity and predictive ability.

Results

After adjustment for age and days since injury, a positive VOMS was associated with 1.31 greater days to recover (p = 0.02) than a negative VOMS. The KD, and the C3 were not significantly associated with recovery time (all p > 0.05), nor were any combinations of tests (any 2 or 3 positive tests, all 4 positive tests). The VOMS prognostic ability to predict normal recovery (NPV = 80.78% [95%CI = 63.73–90.95]) was moderate. Overall predictive accuracy of normal versus protracted recovery was strongest when a participant screened positive on 3 out of 4 possible measures (Acc = 66.67% [95%CI = 57.23–75.22]).

Conclusions

The VOMS was the most useful test for identifying patients who will experience a normal SRC recovery time, however, combining the VOMS with KD and C3 improved prognostic accuracy. These findings suggest that combining multiple, varied assessments of cognition and vestibular/ocular functions may be useful for understanding factors contributing to protracted recovery from SRC.
A - 27 The Clinical Utilization of SWAY and mBESS for Post-Trauma and Follow-up Concussion Evaluations
Authors: R Sohoni , K Gorres , M Sibol , M Yousif , A LoGalbo
Published: May 2021

Objective

SWAY is a mobile software system using an accelerometer designed to measure postural sway and reaction time in the context of concussion. This study examined the efficacy of SWAY in detecting changes in balance and reaction time before and after concussion.

Methods

College athletes (N = 30, 10 females) underwent baseline, post-trauma, and follow-up evaluations following a concussion including SWAY, mBESS, Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT-5), and Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT).

Results

Paired-samples t-tests revealed a decline in SWAY balance from baseline (M = 82.65, SD = 14.48) to post-trauma (M = 74.61, SD = 17.41), t(29) = 2.99, p = 0.006, but no significant difference was observed in reaction time (M = 5.07, SD = 13.61), t(29) = 2.04, p = 0.050. Meanwhile, balance improved at follow-up (M = 78.93, SD = 15.32), and was no longer discrepant from baseline (M = 81.97, SD = 14.51), t(21) = 1.03, p = 0.316. Similarly, there was a significant decline in mBESS scores from baseline (M = 2.88, SD = 3.62) to post-trauma (M = 5.68, SD = 5.32), t(24) = −3.51, p = 0.002, followed by a return to baseline at follow up (M = 4.22, SD = 4.95), t(22) = −1.60, p = 0.124.

Conclusions

Although challenges were apparent in obtaining an optimal baseline, current results appear to support the clinical utility of SWAY for assessing balance in the context of concussion evaluations. Further research appears warranted to support SWAY as a method of diagnosing concussion and monitoring return to baseline.
A - 28 Mastering Concussion Reporting: Does Previous Injury and Education Play a Role in Reporting Skill?
Authors: CP Tomczyk , T Covassin
Published: May 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine whether previous injury (PI) and/or concussion education (ce) significantly predicted collegiate athlete reporting skill (RS). It was hypothesized that both PI and ce would be significant predictors of RS.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was implemented, and collegiate athletes (n = 105; age = 19.77 ± 1.23; sex = 53% female) from two institutions were included in the study. Participants were administered a demographic questionnaire to determine PI and ce prior to enrollment, and the Reporting Skill Scale (5-items) was administered to measure RS. A composite score (range: 1–5) was calculated where higher values indicated greater RS. A stepwise multivariable linear regression was used to determine the predictive value of PI and ce on RS (a priori p < 0.05).

Results

A high percentage of the sample reported PI (n = 52, 49%), received ce (n = 83, 78%), and had high levels of RS (4.27 ± 0.68). The stepwise multivariable linear regression generated a one predictor model where ce significantly predicted RS (F(1,105) = 4.804, p = 0.03, R2 = 0.05, β = 0.35, 90% CI [0.33, 0.67]), whereas PI did not significantly predict RS (p = 0.83, β = −0.22).

Conclusions

The study revealed that ce partially predicts RS in collegiate athletes. Although the predicted variance was small, this highlights that educating athletes on the steps needed to report an injury is better suited for influencing the psychomotor domain of concussion reporting than simply experiencing a PI. Determining an athlete’s RS, including the factors that influence it, can aid clinicians in identifying athletes that may not fully understand how to report a concussion following injury.
A - 30 Executive Function in Division-I Collegiate Athletes and Recreationally Active College Students
Authors: J Wilson , N Morelli , DY Han , MC Hoch
Published: May 2021

Objective

High-level cognitive performance is important for navigating the complex environment of sport. The executive function domain may be of particular importance because it focuses on flexible thinking and self-control. It is unclear if high-level athletes exhibit similar executive function compared to recreational athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare executive function between male and female Division-I collegiate athletes and recreationally active peers.

Methods

Thirty-seven Division-I athletes (16 females, 21 males) and 30 recreationally active college students (19 females, 11 males) participated. Participants completed the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (FICA) and Dimensional Change Card Sort Test (DCCS) from the National Institute of Health Toolbox Cognitive Battery on a tablet to assess cognitive flexibility and attention and inhibitory control, respectively. Demographically-corrected T-scores were used for analysis. Two-way ANOVAs compared cognitive performance based on group and sex (p ≤ 0.05).

Results

There was a significant group-by-sex interaction for the FICA (p = 0.005). Female recreational athletes (50.68 ± 10.18) demonstrated higher FICA scores compared to female Division-I athletes (40.88 ± 7.35; p = 0.003, ES = 1.06). Male Division-I athletes (48.67 ± 10.39) also exhibited greater scores compared to female Division-I athletes (p = 0.015, ES = 0.83). There was no significant group-by-sex interaction (p = 0.84), group effect (p = 0.35), or sex effect (p = 0.43) for the DCCS.

Conclusions

Female Division-I athletes demonstrated poorer performance on the FICA compared to male Division-I athletes and recreational female athletes which may indicate a decreased ability to suppress motor responses caused by internal or external distractions. The significance of these findings for mitigating injury risk and improving athletic performance should be explored.
Super LeArner Prediction of NAb Panels (SLAPNAP): a containerized tool for predicting combination monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibody sensitivity
Authors: Williamson Brian D , Magaret Craig A , Gilbert Peter B , Nizam Sohail , Simmons Courtney , Benkeser David
Published: May 2021

Motivation

A single monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) regimen was recently evaluated in two randomized trials for prevention efficacy against HIV-1 infection. Subsequent trials will evaluate combination bnAb regimens (e.g. cocktails, multi-specific antibodies), which demonstrate higher potency and breadth in vitro compared to single bnAbs. Given the large number of potential regimens, methods for down-selecting these regimens into efficacy trials are of great interest.

Results

We developed Super LeArner Prediction of NAb Panels (SLAPNAP), a software tool for training and evaluating machine learning models that predict in vitro neutralization sensitivity of HIV Envelope (Env) pseudoviruses to a given single or combination bnAb regimen, based on Env amino acid sequence features. SLAPNAP also provides measures of variable importance of sequence features. By predicting bnAb coverage of circulating sequences, SLAPNAP can improve ranking of bnAb regimens by their potential prevention efficacy. In addition, SLAPNAP can improve sieve analysis by defining sequence features that impact bnAb prevention efficacy.

Availabilityand implementation

SLAPNAP is a freely available docker image that can be downloaded from DockerHub (https://hub.docker.com/r/slapnap/slapnap). Source code and documentation are available at GitHub (https://github.com/benkeser/slapnap and https://benkeser.github.io/slapnap/).
Cheats, Threats and Reflexivity: Organizational Narratives on Policing Organized and Economic Crime
Authors: Vestby Annette
Published: May 2021

Drawing on narrative criminology and sensemaking theory, this paper explores interpretive patterns in an interagency policing collaboration that targets ‘work-related crime’ (WRC). WRC is a policy term denoting organized crime and economic offences (i.e. tax evasion, benefits fraud, labour exploitation and immigration law offences) and is framed as a threat to the viability of the welfare state. While the concept signals an intent to coordinate across agencies, policing takes place within local and institutional contexts. How do agents in the police and collaborating agencies render the policy concept ‘work-related crime’ meaningful and actionable? The study articulates three organizational narratives explaining WRC as fundamental criminogenic change, as stability and as a reflexive product of the control apparatus.
Dirty Work? Policing Online Indecency in Digital Forensics
Authors: Wilson-Kovacs Dana , Rappert Brian , Redfern Lauren
Published: May 2021

More than 80 per cent of the work undertaken by digital forensics examiners deals with images of sexual abuse of children. While a growing body of literature analyses the emotional dimensions of coping with such material and the need to minimize exposure to it, less attention has been given to the day-to-day organizational arrangements in which such images are processed. Using ethnographic observations and interviews with practitioners, police officers and senior managers in four constabularies in England, this article examines the tension-ridden place for managing extensive contact with indecent images of children and argues that despite handling of transgressive material, digital forensic examiners distance themselves from imputations of being ‘dirty’ workers.
Predicting neurological recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury by time-resolved analysis of monocyte subsets
Authors: Heller Raban Arved , Seelig Julian , Crowell Helena Lucia , Pilz Maximilian , Haubruck Patrick , Sun Qian , Schomburg Lutz , Daniel Volker , Moghaddam Arash , Biglari Bahram
Published: May 2021

Monocytes and lymphocytes elicit crucial activities for the regenerative processes after various types of injury. The survival of neurons exposed to mechanical and oxidative stress after traumatic spinal cord injury depends on a multitude of factors. In this study, we sought to evaluate a correlation between remission after traumatic spinal cord injury and the dynamics of monocyte subsets in respect to the lymphocytes’ responsive potential, cytokine expression, patterns of trace element concentration and clinical covariates.

We examined prospectively 18 (three female, 15 male) patients after traumatic spinal cord injury. Blood samples were drawn at admission and 4 h, 9 h, 12 h, 1 and 3 days as well as 1 and 2 weeks and 1, 2 and 3 months after the trauma. Analysis of cytokines (CCL2, IL-10, enolase 2, CXCL12, TGF-β1, TGF-β2) was performed using a multiplex cytokine panel. Plasma trace element concentrations of selenium, copper and zinc were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis; neopterin, selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and ceruloplasmin (CP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; and selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) by luminometric immunoassay. The responsive potential of lymphocytes was assessed using transformation tests. The monocyte subsets (classical, intermediate, and non-classical) and expression of CD14, CD16, CXCR4 and intracellular IL-10 were identified using a multi-colour flow cytometry analysis.

The dynamics of the cluster of intermediate CD14−/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes differed significantly between patients with an absence of neurological remission (G0) from those with an improvement (G1) by 1 or 2 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) steps (Kruskal-Wallis Test, P = 0.010, G0 < G1, AIS+: 1 < G1, AIS+: 2) in the first 24 h. These dynamics were associated inversely with an increase in enolase and SELENBP1 14 days after the injury.

In the elastic net regularized model, we identified an association between the increase of a subpopulation of intermediate CD14−/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes and exacerbated immune response within 24 h after the injury. These findings were reflected in the consistently elevated response to mitogen stimulation of the lymphocytes of patients with significant neurological remission. Early elevated concentrations of CD14−/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes were related to higher odds of CNS regeneration and enhanced neurological remission. The cluster dynamics of CD14−/CD16+/IL10+/CXCR4int monocytes in the early-acute phase after the injury revealed a maximum of prognostic information regarding neurological remission (mean parameter estimate: 0.207; selection count: 818/1000 repetitions).

We conclude that early dynamics in monocyte subsets allow a good prediction of recovery from traumatic spinal cord injury.
Sex Chromosome Dosage Effects on White Matter Structure in the Human Brain
Authors: Warling Allysa , Yavi Mani , Clasen Liv S , Blumenthal Jonathan D , Lalonde François M , Raznahan Armin , Liu Siyuan
Published: May 2021

Sex chromosome aneuploidies, a group of neurogenetic conditions characterized by aberrant sex chromosome dosage (SCD), are associated with increased risks for psychopathology as well as alterations in gray matter structure. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of potential SCD-associated changes in white matter structure, or knowledge of how these changes might relate to known alterations in gray matter anatomy. Thus, here, we use voxel-based morphometry on structural neuroimaging data to provide the first comprehensive maps of regional white matter volume (WMV) changes across individuals with varying SCD (n = 306). We show that mounting X- and Y-chromosome dosage are both associated with widespread WMV decreases, including in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar tracts, as well as WMV increases in the genu of the corpus callosum and posterior thalamic radiation. We also correlate X- and Y-chromosome-linked WMV changes in certain regions to measures of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Finally, we demonstrate that SCD-driven WMV changes show a coordinated coupling with SCD-driven gray matter volume changes. These findings represent the most complete maps of X- and Y-chromosome effects on human white matter to date, and show how such changes connect to psychopathological symptoms and gray matter anatomy.
Withdrawn as duplicate: Comparison of RT-PCR Cycle Threshold Values from Respiratory Specimens in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Strutner John , Ramchandar Nanda , Dubey Shruti , Gamboa Mary , Vanderpool Michelle K , Mueller Teresa , Wang Wei , Cannavino Christopher , Tovar Padua Leidy , Malicki Denise , Pong Alice
Published: May 2021

This article was erroneously published under a new DOI, and is a duplicate of [Comparison of Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Cycle Threshold Values From Respiratory Specimens in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection; Strutner J, Ramchandar N, Dubey S et al.], originally published at https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab120. The version of record for this article is available in full at the DOI link above and in Volume 73, Issue 10 of Clinical Infectious Diseases: https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/73/10. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience.
Challenges of Assessing Community Mortality Due to Respiratory Viruses in Children Aged Less Than 5 Years
Authors: Caballero Mauricio T , Satav Ashish , Gill Christopher J , Omer Saad B , Pieciak Rachel C , Kazi Abdul Momin , Simões Eric Af , Polack Fernando P
Published: May 2021

Background

Estimating the real impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is key for the development of vaccines and treatments. Ascertaining the burden of community mortality due to RSV is challenging due to the lack of primary data. Therefore, conducting observational studies to determine the factors associated with community mortality due to the virus in developing countries is important.

Objective

Our aim in this study was to describe the obstacles, gaps, and challenges that investigators face in low-income, vulnerable regions in 4 developing countries on 3 continents.

Results

The main obstacles and challenges of ascertaining community mortality due to RSV were defining strategies to consent families for testing before burial, sampling individuals at the household level, supporting bereaved parents with different cultural and religious backgrounds, establishing tailored strategies for studies in challenging settings, and integrating RSV mortality data from nasopharyngeal samples.

Conclusion

Detailed logistical planning based on population sociodemographic information, grief counseling, staff training, and a multidisciplinary approach with adequate laboratory infrastructure is critical to successful observational community-based RSV studies.
Waste-derived volatile fatty acids as carbon source for added-value fermentation approaches
Authors: Chalima Angelina , de Castro Laura Fernandez , Burgstaller Lukas , Sampaio Paula , Carolas Ana Lúcia , Gildemyn Sylvia , Velghe Filip , Ferreira Bruno Sommer , Pais Celia , Neureiter Markus , Dietrich Thomas , Topakas Evangelos
Published: May 2021

The establishment of a sustainable circular bioeconomy requires the effective material recycling from biomass and biowaste beyond composting/fertilizer or anaerobic digestion/bioenergy. Recently, volatile fatty acids attracted much attention due to their potential application as carbon source for the microbial production of high added-value products. Their low-cost production from different types of wastes through dark fermentation is a key aspect, which will potentially lead to the sustainable production of fuels, materials or chemicals, while diminishing the waste volume. This article reviews the utilization of a volatile fatty acid platform for the microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates, single cell oil and omega-3 fatty acids, giving emphasis on the fermentation challenges for the efficient implementation of the bioprocess and how they were addressed. These challenges were addressed through a research project funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 programme entitled ‘VOLATILE—Biowaste derived volatile fatty acid platform for biopolymers, bioactive compounds and chemical building blocks’.