bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability prediction of the axial ultimate bearing capacity of piles: A hierarchical Bayesian method
Authors: Lu Shengliang , Zhang Jie , Zhou Shirong , Xu Ancha
Published: November 2018

The sea reclamation is one of the efficient ways to alleviate the shortage of land resources due to population growth, and the corresponding axial ultimate bearing capacity of piles has become one of the critical factors for evaluating the performance of the soil layer reclamation work. Many models are used to analyze the testing data. However, these models cannot describe the mean population bearing capacity and unit-to-unit variation simultaneously, and they cannot give the reliability of predicting the axial ultimate bearing capacity of piles. Thus, they are rarely used in practice. In this article, we propose a mixed-effects model, which could overcome the drawback of the models in the literature. A hierarchical Bayesian framework is developed to estimate the model parameters using Gibbs sampling. The proposed model is applied to a real pile dataset collected in silt-rock layer area, and we predict the mean axial bearing capacities under different reliability levels.
Design of eddy current dampers for vibration suppression in robotic milling
Authors: Chen Fan , Zhao Huan
Published: November 2018

The milling robot normally has a low stiffness which may easily cause chatter during machining. This article presents a novel eddy current damper design for chatter suppression in the robotic milling process. The designed eddy current dampers are installed on the milling spindle to damp the tool tip vibrations. The structural design and the working principle of the eddy current dampers are explained. The magnetic flux density distribution and the magnetic force generation of the designed eddy current damper are analyzed with the finite element method. The tool tip dynamics without and with eddy current dampers are modeled, and the damping performance of the proposed eddy current dampers in the robotic milling process is verified through both simulations and experiments. The results show that the peaks of the tool tip frequency response function caused by the milling tool modes are damped significantly, and the stable depth of cut is improved greatly with eddy current dampers.
Involvement of mGluR5 and TRPV1 in visceral nociception in a rat model of uterine cervical distension
Authors: Zhang Wenxin , Drzymalski Dan , Sun Lihong , Xu Qi , Jiao Cuicui , Wang Luyang , Xie Shufang , Qian Xiaowei , Wu Hui , Xiao Fei , Fu Feng , Feng Ying , Chen Xinzhong
Published: November 2018

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) have been shown to play critical roles in the transduction and modulation of cutaneous nociception in the central nervous system. However, little is known regarding the possible involvement of mGluR5 and TRPV1 in regulating visceral nociception from the uterine cervix. In this study, we used a rat model of uterine cervical distension to examine the effects of noxious stimuli to the uterine cervix on expression of spinal mGluR5 and TRPV1. Our findings included the following: (1) uterine cervical distension resulted in a stimulus-dependent increase in electromyographic, spinal c-Fos signal, and expression of mGluR5 and TRPV1 in the spinal cord; (2) intrathecal administration of the mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyri-dine significantly reduced the increased TRPV1 and c-Fos expression induced by uterine cervical distension; (3) the TRPV1 inhibitor SB-366791 inhibited increased spinal c-Fos expression but had no effect on the expression of mGluR5 in response to uterine cervical distension. Our findings indicate that the spinal mGluR5-TRPV1 pathway modulates nociceptive transmission in uterine cervical distension-induced pathological visceral pain.
Anterior Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review of the Quality and Quantity of the Current Literature for Surgical Treatment
Authors: Glazebrook Haley , Miller Blair , Wong Ivan
Published: November 2018

Background:

Anterior shoulder instability is the most common sequela of shoulder dislocation and can result in repeated dislocations or subluxation of the glenohumeral joint. Anterior shoulder instability can be treated conservatively or surgically with several procedures.

Purpose:

To date, arthroscopic Bankart is the most common surgical procedure for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability. No previous studies have compared all anterior shoulder surgical procedures. In this study, the authors performed a systematic review of journal articles describing all surgical procedures for anterior shoulder instability to determine the scientific evidence and level of recommendation.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Method:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted (July 19, 2016) with 4 reputed databases: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane databases, and Web of Science. The articles found in the literature search were screened by 2 reviewers on the basis of their titles, abstracts, and full text. Data were extracted from relevant studies, and potentially relevant records were selected for full-text review. Included articles were classified according to their scientific quality (level of evidence, 1-5). The studies were then combined for each surgical procedure, and a grade of recommendation was assigned for each procedure: grade A, treatment recommendation based on level 1 evidence studies; B, based on level 2 or 3 evidence studies; C, based on level 4 or 5 evidence and could represent conflicting results; or I, insufficient evidence to recommend a treatment. As such, the grade of recommendation provides a summary score for the quality and quantity of available literature to support the surgical procedures reviewed here.

Results:

The systematic literature review generated 11,281 articles. After screening, 655 articles were included. Results revealed 31 surgical procedures for shoulder instability following dislocation: 10 surgical procedures were given an A or B recommendation; 11, a C recommendation; and 10, an I recommendation.

Conclusion:

This review identified many surgical procedures to treat anterior shoulder instability. Ten of these surgical procedures had an abundant amount of published articles to describe their safety and efficacy. Arthroscopic Bankart and open Bankart were the most commonly reported procedures that cite satisfactory postoperative outcomes and limited complications. Publications on the other surgical procedures were less common. Surgeons should be careful when recommending surgery, and they should choose the appropriate surgical procedure based on evidence-based literature.
Cerebral cavernous malformations form an anticoagulant vascular domain in humans and mice
Authors: Lopez-Ramirez Miguel Alejandro , Pham Angela , Girard Romuald , Wyseure Tine , Hale Preston , Yamashita Atsuki , Koskimäki Janne , Polster Sean , Saadat Laleh , Romero Ignacio A. , Esmon Charles T. , Lagarrigue Frederic , Awad Issam A. , Mosnier Laurent O. , Ginsberg Mark H.
Published: November 2018

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are common brain vascular dysplasias that are prone to acute and chronic hemorrhage with significant clinical sequelae. The pathogenesis of recurrent bleeding in CCM is incompletely understood. Here, we show that central nervous system hemorrhage in CCMs is associated with locally elevated expression of the anticoagulant endothelial receptors thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR). TM levels are increased in human CCM lesions, as well as in the plasma of patients with CCMs. In mice, endothelial-specific genetic inactivation of Krit1 (Krit1ECKO) or Pdcd10 (Pdcd10ECKO), which cause CCM formation, results in increased levels of vascular TM and EPCR, as well as in enhanced generation of activated protein C (APC) on endothelial cells. Increased TM expression is due to upregulation of transcription factors KLF2 and KLF4 consequent to the loss of KRIT1 or PDCD10. Increased TM expression contributes to CCM hemorrhage, because genetic inactivation of 1 or 2 copies of the Thbd gene decreases brain hemorrhage in Pdcd10ECKO mice. Moreover, administration of blocking antibodies against TM and EPCR significantly reduced CCM hemorrhage in Pdcd10ECKO mice. Thus, a local increase in the endothelial cofactors that generate anticoagulant APC can contribute to bleeding in CCMs, and plasma soluble TM may represent a biomarker for hemorrhagic risk in CCMs.
KrakenUniq: confident and fast metagenomics classification using unique k-mer counts
Authors: Breitwieser F. P. , Baker D. N. , Salzberg S. L.
Published: November 2018

False-positive identifications are a significant problem in metagenomics classification. We present KrakenUniq, a novel metagenomics classifier that combines the fast k-mer-based classification of Kraken with an efficient algorithm for assessing the coverage of unique k-mers found in each species in a dataset. On various test datasets, KrakenUniq gives better recall and precision than other methods and effectively classifies and distinguishes pathogens with low abundance from false positives in infectious disease samples. By using the probabilistic cardinality estimator HyperLogLog, KrakenUniq runs as fast as Kraken and requires little additional memory. KrakenUniq is freely available at https://github.com/fbreitwieser/krakenuniq.
Secretory carcinoma: The eastern Canadian experience and literature review
Authors: Forner David , Bullock Martin , Manders Daniel , Wallace Timothy , Chin Christopher J. , Johnson Liane B. , Rigby Matthew H. , Trites Jonathan R. , Taylor Mark S. , Hart Robert D.
Published: November 2018

Background

Secretory Carcinoma (SC) is a recently described malignancy affecting salivary glands of the head and neck, with a paucity of evidence regarding the natural history, morbidity, and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the current treatment options utilized for SC, as well as its presentation and outcomes.

Methods

This study is a retrospective case series and includes patients diagnosed with SC at four Maritime Canadian institutions. Literature review of patient outcomes following treatment of SC is also included.

Results

Thirteen patients were identified. Parotid was the most common subsite (69%), followed by minor salivary gland (23%) and submandibular gland (8%). All patients were S100 positive and had at least one additional positive confirmatory stain, including mammaglobin, CK7, or vimentin. Two patients had N2b disease. All patients were treated with primary surgery, and four were offered adjuvant radiotherapy. There was one instance of locoregional recurrence, and one of metastasis. Three patients displayed perineural invasion on pathology, and one patient displayed lymphovascular invasion.

Conclusion

Secretory Carcinoma remains understudied regarding its natural history, presentation, and treatment options. This study is the largest single case series in Canada, and highlights the young age and possible aggressiveness of SC. As well, we provide the most comprehensive literature review to date, with a focus on treatment and outcomes for this disease entity.
Student Learning Outcomes and Attitudes Using Three Methods of Group Formation in a Nonmajors Biology Class
Authors: Donovan Deborah A. , Connell Georgianne L. , Grunspan Daniel Z.
Published: November 2018

Group work is often a key component of student-centered pedagogies, but there is conflicting evidence about what types of groups provide the most benefit for undergraduate students. We investigated student learning outcomes and attitudes toward working in groups when students were assigned to groups using different methods in a large-enrollment, student-centered class. We were particularly interested in how students entering the class with different levels of competence in biology performed in homogeneous or heterogeneous groups, and what types of group compositions were formed using different methods of group formation. We found that low-competence students had higher learning outcomes when they were in heterogeneous groups, while mid- and high-competence students performed equally well in both group types. Students of all competence types had better attitudes toward group work in heterogeneous groups. The use of student demographic variables to preemptively form groups and allowing students to self-select their group mates both yielded heterogeneous competence groups. Students in the instructor-formed, demographic groups had higher learning outcomes compared with students allowed to self-select. Thus, heterogeneous groupings provided the most benefit for students in our nonmajors, large-enrollment class.
Damage to Roadway Infrastructure from 2016 Central Italy Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Durante Maria Giovanna , Di Sarno Luigi , Zimmaro Paolo , Stewart Jonathan P.
Published: November 2018

The region of the central Apennines affected by the 2016 earthquake sequence has numerous towns, villages, and isolated dwellings connected by local secondary roads and a few state highways. The roadway network includes several bridges that are important to the economy of the region and play an important role in the post-earthquake resilience of local communities. Within this network, 12 bridges and a rockfall protection tunnel were inspected in coordination with local officials, with relatively cursory reconnaissance of most of the remainder of the network. All inspected reinforced concrete and steel–concrete composite bridges performed adequately. Two historic masonry bridges near Amatrice and Tufo suffered significant damage after the 24 August 2016 main shock, and collapsed after the 30 October 2016 event. Recovery strategies related to the bridge collapse near Amatrice, where two temporary bridges were built within 10 days from the first main shock in August, are discussed. An inspected rockfall protection tunnel experienced earthquake pounding effects.
Differences in First-Trimester Maternal Metabolomic Profiles in Pregnancies Conceived From Fertility Treatments
Authors: Sun Tianyanxin , Lee Bora , Kinchen Jason , Wang Erica T , Gonzalez Tania L , Chan Jessica L , Rotter Jerome I , Chen Yii-Der Ida , Taylor Kent , Goodarzi Mark O , Rich Stephen S , Farber Charles R , Williams John , Pisarska Margareta D
Published: November 2018

Context

Maternal metabolic status reflects underlying physiological changes in the maternal-placental-fetal unit that may help identify contributors to adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with infertility and treatments used.

Objective

To determine if maternal metabolomic profiles differ between spontaneous pregnancies and pregnancies conceived with fertility treatments that may explain the differences in pregnancy outcomes.

Design

Metabolon metabolomic analysis and ELISAs for 17-β-estradiol and progesterone were performed during the late first trimester of pregnancy.

Setting

Academic institution.

Subjects

Women in the Spontaneous/Medically Assisted/Assisted Reproductive Technology cohort (N = 409), 208 of whom conceived spontaneously and 201 with infertility [non in vitro fertilization treatments (NIFT), n=90; in vitro fertilization (IVF), n=111].

Intervention

Mode of conception.

Main Outcome Measures

Levels of of 806 metabolites within eight superpathways, 17-β-estradiol, and progesterone in maternal plasma in the late first trimester.

Results

Metabolomic differences in the lipid superpathway (i.e., steroid metabolites, lipids with docosahexaenoyl acyl chains, acyl cholines), and xanthine and benzoate metabolites (P < 0.05) were significant among the spontaneous and two infertility groups, with greatest differences between the spontaneous and IVF groups. 17-β-estradiol and progesterone levels were significantly elevated in the infertility groups, with greatest differences between the spontaneous and IVF groups.

Conclusion

Metabolomic profiles differ between spontaneous and infertility pregnancies, likely driven by IVF. Higher levels of steroids and their metabolites are likely due to increased hormone production from placenta reprogrammed from fertility treatments, which may contribute to adverse outcomes associated with infertility and the treatments used.
When HbA1c and Blood Glucose Do Not Match: How Much Is Determined by Race, by Genetics, by Differences in Mean Red Blood Cell Age?
Authors: Cohen Robert M , Franco Robert S , Smith Eric P , Higgins John M
Published: November 2018

Commentary placing genetic ancestry markers and racial difference in HbA1c in the context of more common variations in the HbA1c-average glucose relationship and their clinical implications.
Conserved regulation of Nodal-mediated left-right patterning in zebrafish and mouse
Authors: Montague Tessa G. , Gagnon James A. , Schier Alexander F.
Published: November 2018

Nodal is the major effector of left-right axis development. In mice, Nodal forms heterodimers with Gdf1 and is inhibited by Cerl2/Dand5 at the node, and by Lefty1 in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Studies in zebrafish have suggested some parallels, but also differences, between left-right patterning in mouse and zebrafish. To address these discrepancies, we generated single and double zebrafish mutants for southpaw (spaw, the Nodal ortholog), dand5 and lefty1, and performed biochemical and activity assays with Spaw and Vg1/Gdf3 (the Gdf1 ortholog). Contrary to previous findings, spaw mutants failed to initiate spaw expression in the LPM, and asymmetric heart looping was absent, similar to mouse Nodal mutants. In blastoderm assays, Vg1 and Spaw were interdependent for target gene induction, and contrary to previous results, formed heterodimers. Loss of Dand5 or Lefty1 caused bilateral spaw expression, similar to mouse mutants, and Lefty1 was replaceable with a uniform Nodal signaling inhibitor. Collectively, these results indicate that Dand5 activity biases Spaw-Vg1 heterodimer activity to the left, Spaw around Kupffer's vesicle induces the expression of spaw in the LPM and global Nodal inhibition maintains the left bias of Spaw activity, demonstrating conservation between zebrafish and mouse mechanisms of left-right patterning.
FLCN is a novel Rab11A-interacting protein that is involved in the Rab11A-mediated recycling transport
Authors: Zhao Lingling , Ji Xin , Zhang Xiangxiang , Li Lin , Jin Yaping , Liu Wei
Published: November 2018

The Birt–Hogg–Dubé (BHD) syndrome related protein FLCN has recently been implicated in the vesicular trafficking processes by interacting with several Rab family GTPases. In the previous studies, we have shown that FLCN could inhibit the binding of overexpressed PAT1, which is a membrane-bound amino acid transporter, to the lysosome in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. This tends to stabilize the lysosomal amino acid pool that is a critical signal to activate the mTORC1 signaling pathway. However, the mechanisms of FLCN during this process remain unexplored. Here we report that FLCN can bind through its C-terminal DENN-like domain to the recycling transport regulator, Rab11A. Suppression of either Rab11A or FLCN facilitated the localization of the overexpressed PAT1 to the lysosome and inhibited its targeting on the plasma membrane. As a consequence, the mTORC1 was down-regulated. The in vitro GEF activity assay does not support FLCN modifies the Rab11A activity directly. Instead, we found FLCN promoted the loading of PAT1 on Rab11A. Our data uncover a function of FLCN in the Rab11A-mediated recycling pathway and might provide new clues to understand BHD.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Developmental carry over effects of ocean warming and acidification in corals from a potential climate refugium, Gulf of Aqaba
Authors: Bellworthy Jessica , Menoud Malika , Krueger Thomas , Meibom Anders , Fine Maoz
Published: November 2018

Coral reefs are degrading from the effects of anthropogenic activities including climate change. Under this stress, their ability to survive depends upon existing phenotypic plasticity, but also transgenerational adaptation. Parental effects are ubiquitous in nature, yet empirical studies of these effects in corals are scarce, particularly in the context of climate change. This study exposed mature colonies of the common reef building coral Stylophora pistillata from the Gulf of Aqaba to seawater conditions likely to occur just beyond the end of this century during the peak planulae brooding season (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5: pH –0.4 and +5°C beyond present day). Parent and planulae physiology were assessed at multiple time-points during the experimental incubation. After five weeks incubation, parent colony's physiology exhibited limited treatment-induced changes. All significant time-dependent changes in physiology occurred in both ambient and treatment conditions. Planulae were also resistant to future ocean conditions with protein content, symbiont density, photochemistry, survival, and settlement success not significantly different compared to ambient conditions. High variability in offspring physiology was independent of parental or offspring treatments and indicate the use of bet-hedging strategy in this population. This study thus demonstrates weak climate change associated carry over effects. Furthermore, planulae display temperature and pH resistance similar to adult colonies and therefore do not represent a larger future population size bottleneck. The findings add support to the emerging hypothesis that the Gulf of Aqaba may serve as a climate change coral refugium aided by these corals’ inherent broad physiological resistance.
Encoding lateralization of jump kinematics and eye use in a locust via bio-robotic artifacts
Authors: Romano Donato , Benelli Giovanni , Stefanini Cesare
Published: November 2018

The effect of earlier exposure to lateral sensory stimuli in shaping the response to subsequent symmetric stimuli represents an important overlooked issue in neuroethology, with special reference to arthropods. In this research, we investigated the hypothesis to “program” jumping escape direction as well as surveillance orientation, in young and adult individuals of Locusta migratoria, as an adaptive consequence of prior exposure to directional-biased predator approaches generated by a robotic leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius. The manipulation of the jumping escape direction was successfully achieved in young locusts, although young L. migratoria did not exhibit innately lateralized jumping escapes. Jumping escape direction was successfully manipulated also in adult locusts exhibiting innate lateralized jumping escape at individual level. The innate lateralization of each instar of L. migratoria in using a preferential eye during surveillance was not affected by prior lateralized exposure to the robotic gecko. Our results indicate a high plasticity of those escape motor outputs, that are occurring almost in real time with the perceived stimuli, making them greatly adaptable and compliant to environmental changes, to be effective and reliable. In addition, surveillance lateralization innately occurs at population-level in each instar of L. migratoria. Therefore, its low forgeability by environmental factors would avoid disorganization at swarm level and improving swarm coordination during group tasks. These findings are consistent with the fact that, as in vertebrates, in insects the right hemisphere is specialized in controlling fear and escape functions.
Changes of gene expression but not cytosine methylation are associated with male parental care reflecting behavioural state, social context, and individual flexibility
Authors: Cunningham C. B. , Ji L. , McKinney E. C. , Benowitz K. M. , Schmitz R. J. , Moore A. J.
Published: November 2018

Behaviour is often on the front line response to changing environments. Recent studies show behavioural changes are associated with changes of gene expression; however, these studies have primarily focused on discrete behavioural states. We build on these studies by addressing additional contexts that produce qualitatively similar behavioural changes. We measured levels of gene expression and cytosine methylation, which is hypothesized to regulate the transcriptional architecture of behavioural transitions, within the brain during male parental care of the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides in a factorial design. Male parenting is a suitably plastic behaviour because while male N. vespilloides typically do not provide direct care (i.e., feed offspring) when females are present, levels of feeding by a male equivalent to the female can be induced by removing the female. We examined three different factors: behavioural state (caring vs non-caring), different social contexts (with or without a female mate), and individual flexibility (if a male switched to direct care after his mate was removed). The greatest number of differentially expressed genes were associated with behavioural state, followed by social contexts, and lastly by individual flexibility. Cytosine methylation was not associated with changes of gene expression in any of the conditions. Our results suggest a hierarchical association between gene expression and the different factors, but that this process is not controlled by cytosine methylation. Our results further suggest that the extent a behaviour is transient plays an underappreciated role in determining its underpinning molecular mechanisms.
Determinants of optimal leg use strategy: horizontal to vertical transition in the parkour wall climb
Authors: Croft James L. , Schroeder Ryan T. , Bertram John E. A.
Published: November 2018

This study examined the mechanics of the horizontal to vertical transition used by parkour athletes in wall climbing. The study serves as an alternative assessment of leg control strategy for a task related to normal running, but where the functional options differ substantially, so can expose the movement control priorities required to successfully complete the task. Ground reaction forces were measured in several expert parkour athletes and centre of mass trajectory was calculated from force plates embedded in the ground and the wall. Empirical measures were compared with movements predicted by a work-based control optimization model. The model captured the fundamental dynamics of the transition, so allowed an exploration of parameter sensitivity for success at the maneuver (run-up speed, foot placement, etc.). The optimal transition of both the model and the parkour athletes used a common intermediate run-up speed and appears determined largely by a trade-off of positive and negative leg work that accomplishes the task with minimum overall work.
Caught red-handed: behaviour of brood thieves in an Indian ant
Authors: Paul Bishwarup , Annagiri Sumana
Published: November 2018

Theft of resources is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. An evolutionary arms race between thieves and their victims is expected. Though several studies have documented inter- and intraspecific theft of resources in different taxa, studies that delve into the behaviour of thieves and the factors that influence their behaviour have not been undertaken. In the current study on primitively eusocial ant Diacamma indicum we caught brood thieves red-handed, i.e. we observed them in the act of stealing brood and examined their behaviour. Thieves were persistent in their attempts though they faced aggression in the victim colony. Receiving aggression or failure to steal in the previous attempt negatively impacted thieves’ drive to reattempt. Successful thieves exited from victim nests about three times faster than others who were procuring brood from unguarded nests to avoid the risks associated with theft. On examining the factors that caused thieves to increase their exit speed using a series of experiments, we found that indirect cues of foreign colonies presence like odour or mere presence of foreign ants did not induce these changes in thieves. Thus we conclude that these ant thieves only respond to the direct threat posed by aggressive foreign ants. In this comprehensive study using behavioural experiments we reveal the simple rules of engagement between victims and brood thieves. Keywords: Diacamma indicum, Primitively eusocial, Ponerinae, Intraspecific stealing,
THE CURRENT SITUATION OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS IN RUSSIA ON THE EXAMPLE CITY OF TOGLIATTI (with a population of less than 1 million)
Authors: Чернова Елена , Chernova Elena
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of public sports. The author presents his point of view and considers the purposes and objectives for the formation of a new state concept of physical cultural and sports education of the population in accordance within the National project
The role of eugeroics in the treatment of affective disorders
Authors: Urban Anna , Cubała Wiesław
Published: November 2018

Eugeroiki są stosunkowo nową grupą leków promujących czuwanie. Do grupy tej należą: adrafinil, modafinil i armodafinil. Najszerzej stosowanym i najlepiej zbadanym z nich jest modafinil. Wskazania do stosowania modafinilu obejmują leczenie narkolepsji, zaburzeń snu przy pracy zmianowej i nadmiernej senności dziennej związanej z obturacyjnym bezdechem sennym. Wiele badań wskazuje na użyteczność modafinilu i armodafinilu w leczeniu depresji – zarówno w monoterapii, jak i w przypadku konieczności potencjalizacji leczenia przeciwdepresyjnego. Modafinil okazał się skuteczny w leczeniu objawów rezydualnych depresji jedno- i dwubiegunowej, takich, jak zmęczenie, nadmierna senność i niektóre zaburzenia funkcji poznawczych. Badania nad armodafinilem wskazywały na jego skuteczność głównie w terapii augmentowanej depresji w przebiegu zaburzenia afektywnego dwubiegunowego. Istnieją także doniesienia na temat skuteczności eugeroików w szczególnych przypadkach – depresji sezonowej, depresji atypowej ze wzmożonym łaknieniem, apatii w przebiegu depresji i jako objawu izolowanego, zmęczenia u pacjentów nowotworowych w trakcie chemioterapii, zmęczenia i nadmiernej senności w chorobach neurologicznych. Eugeroiki ze względu na wysoką selektywność działania w OUN mają niski potencjał uzależniający w porównaniu z innymi substancjami stymulującymi. Ryzyko zmiany fazy w maniakalną jest porównywalne z placebo. Ogólnie są lekami dobrze tolerowanymi i bezpiecznymi.
Celem niniejszej pracy jest przegląd literatury dotyczącej zastosowania eugeroików w leczeniu zaburzeń afektywnych.
Association between Hospitalist Productivity Payments and High‐Value Care Culture
Authors: Gupta Reshma , Steers Neil , Moriates Christopher , Ong Michael
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Given the national emphasis on affordability, healthcare systems expect that their clinicians are motivated to provide high‐value care. However, some hospitalists are reimbursed with productivity bonuses and little is known about the effects of these reimbursements on the local culture of high‐value care delivery.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate if hospitalist reimbursement models are associated with high‐value culture in university, community, and safety‐net hospitals.

DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND SETTINGS

Internal medicine hospitalists from 12 hospitals across California completed a cross‐sectional survey assessing their perceptions of high‐value care culture within their institutions. Sites represented university, community, and safety‐net centers with different performances as reflected by the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Service's Value‐based Purchasing (VBP) scores.

MEASUREMENT

Demographic characteristics and High‐Value Care Culture Survey (HVCCS™) scores were evaluated using descriptive statistics, and associations were assessed through multilevel linear regression.

RESULTS

Of the 255 hospitalists surveyed, 147 (57.6%) worked in university hospitals, 85 (33.3%) in community hospitals, and 23 (9.0%) in safety‐net hospitals. Across all 12 sites, 166 (65.1%) hospitalists reported payment with salary or wages, and 77 (30.2%) with salary plus productivity adjustments. The mean HVCCS score was 50.2 (SD 13.6) on a 0‐100 scale. Hospitalists reported lower mean HVCCS scores if they reported payment with salary plus productivity (β = ‐6.2, 95% CI ‐9.9 to ‐2.5) than if they reported payment with salary or wages.

CONCLUSIONS

Hospitalists paid with salary plus productivity reported lower high‐value care culture scores for their institutions than those paid with salary or wages. High‐value care culture and clinician reimbursement schemes are potential targets of strategies for improving quality outcomes at low cost.
Less Lumens‐Less Risk: A Pilot Intervention to Increase the Use of Single‐Lumen Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters
Authors: Bozaan David , Skicki Deanna , Brancaccio Adamo , Snyder Ashley , Friebe Sue , Tupps Matthew , Paje David , Chopra Vineet
Published: November 2018

To reduce risk of complications, existing guidelines recommend use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) with the minimal number of lumens. This recommendation, however, is difficult to implement in practice. We conducted a pilot study to increase the use of single‐lumen PICCs in hospitalized patients. The intervention included (1) education for physicians, pharmacists, and nurses; (2) changes to the electronic PICC order‐set that set single lumen PICCs as default; and (3) criteria defining when use of multilumen PICCs is appropriate. The intervention was supported by realtime monitoring and feedback. Among 226 consecutive PICCs, 64.7% of preintervention devices were single lumen versus 93.6% postintervention (P < .001). The proportion of PICCs with an inappropriate number of lumens decreased from 25.6% preintervention to 2.2% postintervention (P < .001). No cases suggesting inadequate venous access or orders for the placement of a second PICC were observed. Implementing a single‐lumen PICC default and providing education and indications for multilumen devices improved PICC appropriateness.
Finding alternatives when forage is scarce
Authors: Grimwood Katie
Published: November 2018

Katie Grimwood BSc (Hons), Nutrition Advisor, Baileys Horse Feeds, discusses forage replacement options for the winter months
Non-infectious respiratory disease in the horse
Authors: Chapman Stella
Published: November 2018

Stella Chapman BVSc (Hons), MSc, MRCVS looks at the causes and solutions
The farrier's role
Authors: Rainger Clive Meers
Published: November 2018

Clive Meers Rainger RSS BII discusses the shoeing needs of the modern horse and the evolving farriery industry
Refeeding syndrome: an update and pragmatic approach to management
Authors: Adam Khansa , Silva Aminda N De
Published: November 2018

Refeeding syndrome is a potentially serious complication of starting nutritional support in patients who have had poor nutrition for more than 5 days or suffered significant unintentional weight loss over a short period of time. This clinical review aims to summarise the risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical and biochemical presentation and outline the management and prevention of refeeding syndrome. This looks at following guidelines, taking Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) scores and providing nutrition support, as well as the role of nurses and the multidisciplinary team. Deficiencies in phosphate, magnesium, potassium and leukocytes related to refeeding syndrome are examined, with advice on their correction. Attention is also drawn to the fact that infection and sepsis are often hidden in patients who are at high risk of refeeding syndrome, and alternative signs that can point to infection in this group are outlined.
Manipulating gut microbiota using faecal microbiome transplantation: update on evidence and guide for use
Authors: Savelkoul Edo HJ , Pathmakanthan Shri , Hawkey Peter , Iqbal Tariq H
Published: November 2018

The faecal, intestinal and mucosal microbiome, and manipulation of it, is the subject of intense categorisation, collation and study. Advances have been aided by novel culture-independent analytical techniques and a focus on how aberrations in the microbiome are associated with many diseases. Dramatic manipulation of the microbiome is possible using faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT has been shown to have a definite clinical role in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and there is accumulating clinical data for a possible role in treating ulcerative colitis. FMT preparation can only take place in a laboratory with licensed facilities and equipment allowing safe treatment and processing of appropriate donor samples. The future of FMT treatment may involve diseases of extra-intestinal origin. This review clarifies recent developments in research and provides a how-to guide for interested clinicians.
Managing shingles in older patients: a comprehensive guide
Authors: Perry Maragaret
Published: November 2018

Margaret Perry explains what primary care nurses need to know about this distresssing condition
Treating tobacco dependency in the NHS
Authors: Cope Graham
Published: November 2018

Graham Cope details how the NHS should be tackling the largest cause of preventable death in the UK
Diseño del trabajo de aula: un proceso fundamental hacia la profesionalización de la acción docente
Authors: García-Martínez Álvaro , Hernandez Barbosa Rubinsten , Abella-Peña Leonardo
Published: November 2018

En este artículo, se exponen algunas ideas sobre los aspectos que son necesarios considerar en la planeación, el diseño, la puesta en marcha y la evaluación de una unidad didáctica. Se resalta la importancia que tiene la comprensión de los elementos que la constituyen y su articulación con los objetivos, los recursos y las actividades que se proponen en su desarrollo. Además, se pretende resaltar lo fundamental que resulta para los docentes el ejercicio mismo de planeación, diseño y evaluación, como un espacio de reflexión, reconstrucción y cualificación de su práctica docente. Un aporte importante es el relacionado con el mapa de diseño curricular, el cual, desde nuestro parecer, es fundamental a la hora de guiar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. También se exponen algunas reflexiones sobre la importancia que tienen el desarrollo de las habilidades cognitivo-lingüísticas y el uso de las nuevas tecnologías en el diseño, desarrollo y evaluación de las unidades didácticas.
La teledetección en investigaciones ecológicas como apoyo a la conservación de la biodiversidad: una revisión
Authors: Sánchez-Díaz Baltazar
Published: November 2018

La aplicación más prometedora de la teledetección, en la actualidad, en ecología se relaciona con el campo de la biodiversidad. Algunas de las principales amenazas para la biodiversidad son la fragmentación y pérdida del hábitat por la deforestación provocada por actividades humanas; lo que a su vez acelera los índices de extinción en las especies. Sin embargo, la biodiversidad es difícil de cuantificar y medir, por lo cual la teledetección es una herramienta valiosa para las investigaciones ecológicas ya que, dadas sus características de resolución espacial, espectral, radiométrica y temporal, se hace posible tratar de medir ciertas variables de biodiversidad. No obstante, los ecologistas y las agencias espaciales, en un trabajo conjunto, han definido una lista de variables esenciales con las que se pueda monitorear la biodiversidad desde el espacio. Así, surge la necesidad de implementar nuevos enfoques y herramientas para su estudio y conservación, utilizando la teledetección como una herramienta para apoyar los procesos de toma de decisiones en gestiones de conservación de la biodiversidad en todo el mundo.
Las nuevas apuestas de la educación científica “La Epistemología Digital”
Authors: Gallego-Torres Adriana Patricia
Published: November 2018

Editorial
Ein Freigeist „in Sachen des Genies“
Authors: Klawitter Arne
Published: November 2018

Beginning with Goethe’s review of the so-called ‘Dichterbriefe’, the article concentrates on the publication Ueber den Werth einiger Deutschen Dichter (1771/1772) by Ludwig August Unzer and Jakob Mauvillon and then explores Mauvillon’s contribution to the journal Auserlesene Bibliothek der neuesten deutschen Litteratur (1772–1781). Mauvillon, as it will be shown in detail, was the author of some remarkable reviews of Goethe’s and Lenz’s works, mostly in favor of the German ‘Storm and Stress’, while always defending the freedom of opinion and expression.
“From the idea that the self is not given to us...”
Authors: Horlacher Stefan
Published: November 2018

One of the consequences of emphasizing plurality – so characteristic for current masculinity studies – is that the question of commonalities and similarities of masculinities has been neglected, and therefore the relationship between masculinity as a concept and its plural forms has to be rethought. One way of doing this involves conceiving of masculinity as having a largely discursive or narrative structure and focusing on the relationality and interdependency of masculinities by paying special attention to stories and genres as their paramount components. If one takes narrative to be an ontological condition of social life which exemplarily manifests itself in literature and the arts, it is precisely here that a plethora of narratives of masculinity becomes ‘visible’ in a reading process that can be conceptualized as an act of imagining and a process of transfer during which readers perpetually ‘stage’ themselves, while the performative function of narrative allows for a variety of new masculine gender identities that become available through their very conception in literature/art. Combining comparative masculinity studies with the concept of narrative paves the way for a new, more encompassing, relational and intersectional understanding, if not definition of masculinity.
Man: From Healthy Model to Deficient Creature
Authors: Dinges Martin
Published: November 2018

The recent discourse on health inverts the traditional positions of gender – where men are supposed to be in good health, while women are not. The contribution proposes answers to the question of why this discourse has emerged over the last twenty years. Furthermore, the important effects of this discourse on the constitution of medical and epidemiological knowledge are analyzed. Some effects were one-sided and therefore problematic for men as well as for women: This concerns the relation to their body and the gendered appropriation of what medicine offers. Men and women were distributed to different fields of practice separated by gender, which limited their freedom of choice. The gendered discourse has also impacted health politics, leading to an unequal distribution of resources often not in line with the actual needs of men and women.
Posing As a Democrat: Scripting the Male Body in West German Films of the 1950s
Authors: Kapczynski Jennifer M.
Published: November 2018

The article draws on emblematic examples from 1950s West German cinema to examine how popular film employed elements of typecasting, performance style and staging in order to project images of a positive, “democratic” masculinity and contrast that with negatively connoted “fascist” men. As part of the ongoing project to reimagine the terms of male agency in the wake of military defeat and occupation, numerous commercial films refashioned masculinity according to the dictates of the era’s culture of political transformation. Consciously or not, these works sought to differentiate between an invalidated fascist model of rigid, hardened manliness and newer, more flexible modes of masculinity suited both to serving and leading a reconstructed, democratic nation – literally localizing politics in the body, presenting it as a matter of posture and attitudes. In the process, the article claims, 1950 s West German cinema contributed, both directly and indirectly, to the discourse of democratization in the postwar nation.
The Economic Theory of the Scholastics as a Contractual Analysis
Authors: Trifilio Sylvain
Published: November 2018

The doctrine of the “just price” is more than often described as the core of the “economic” thinking of the Scholastics (de Roover 1958; Baldwin 1959; Wilson 1975; Worland 1977). In fact, one could hardly contest that the notion occupies a place of high importance in the economic reflections of the Medieval Doctors. It is of no doubt that their study of economic reality led them to call up very frequently the said notion of “just price”. Yet the insistence with which modern historiography has itself treated this – central but particular – element of the Scholastic economic thinking conceals, to our opinion, some of its important sights and interests. An “objective” approach of the scholastic theory seems to command such an interpretation. But why is the phrase “just price” so often used and developed by the Doctors? Such a simple question cannot be answered simply by focusing on the notion. From a more “methodological” point of view, just price appears only like the final result of a complex argumentation. Little attention has been given to the fact that (1) the issue at stake is less a problem of correctness in limited bargaining than a general question of social justice; (2) the method used to deal with this vast subject in the field of economic relations is a systematic “contractual” analysis. The second point forms the main theme of this paper.
Syntheses and crystal structures of three bis(triorganotin) benzenedicarboxylates
Authors: Liu Jin , Liu Min , Wang Shiqing , Li Yuxiao , Liu Mingzhu , Wang Yue , Tian Laijin , Liu Xicheng
Published: November 2018

Three bis(triorganotin) benzenedicarboxylates, 1,n-C6H4(COOSnR3)2(n, R=3, C6H5C(CH3)2CH2,1; 4, C6H5C(CH3)2CH2,2; 4, C6H11-c,3), were synthesized by the reaction of 1,3 or 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid with triorganotin chlorides in the solution of CH3ONa-CH3OH and characterized by means of elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H,13C, and119Sn) spectra, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Compounds1–3are all di-nuclear tin complexes in which the carboxylate is monodentate and each tin atom possesses a distorted SnC3O tetrahedral geometry.
Systems of TMA and Related Categories in Functional Discourse Grammar: A Brief Overview
Authors: Hengeveld Kees , Olbertz Hella
Published: November 2018

In this introductory paper, we will briefly introduce FDG and its treatment of systems of tense, aspect, mood, evidentiality, polarity, mirativity and localization, as well as their lexical counterparts.
UV-Vis spectroscopy
Authors: Picollo Marcello , Aceto Maurizio , Vitorino Tatiana
Published: November 2018

UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy has been widely used as a non-invasive method for the study of cultural heritage materials for several decades. In particular, FORS, introduced in the 1980s, allows to acquire hundreds of reflectance spectra in situ in a short time, contributing to the identification of artist’s materials. More recently, microspectrofluorimetry has also been proposed as a powerful non-invasive method for the identification of dyes and lake pigments that provides high sensitivity and selectivity. In this chapter, the concepts behind these spectroscopic methodologies will be discussed, as well as the instrumentation and measurement modes used. Case studies related with different cultural heritage materials (paintings and manuscripts, textiles, carpets and tapestries, glass, metals, and minerals), which show the usefulness of UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy and microspectrofluorimetry applied to the study of artworks, will also be presented.