bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Key Success Factors for Implementation of Problem-Based Learning in Debre Tabor University: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Awoke Wondie  , Tegbar Yigzaw  , Solomon Worku
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND፡ Problem-based learning has been adopted as a core educational strategy for education of health professionals in more than a dozen of higher education institutions in Ethiopia. Debre Tabor University College of Health Sciences (DTUCHS) is one of the adopters. However, its effectiveness has not been researched yet. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the quality of PBL implementation, its effectiveness in developing desired student learning outcomes and factors that facilitate or impede PBL implementation.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in DTUCHS from May to June 2018. We collected quantitative data from students and tutors using self-administered questionnaire. We complemented this with key informant interviews with academic leaders. We computed descriptive statistics from quantitative data while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis.RESULTS: A total of 308 students, 42 tutors and 8 academic leaders were included in the study. Students, tutors and academic leaders perceived that PBL was effective in developing knowledge, problem-solving skills, self-directed learning skills and collaboration competencies. The implementation process showed the existence of clear objectives, appropriate cases, and reasonable workload. Students rated tutors' performance positively, and tutors also rated student learning affirmatively. However, unlike tutors, students thought that the assessment of student performance in PBL was not appropriate. The factors that facilitated PBL implementation were students' and tutors' buy-in, clear curriculum design, adequate infrastructure, commitment to hire more faculty and develop their teaching skills continuously and strong coordination and monitoring.CONCLUSION: The findingsof our study support the introduction of PBL in a resource-constrained setting. Students, tutors and academic leaders perceived PBL to be effective in achieving desired student learning outcomes. Its implementation was considered consistent with the principles of PBL. Respondents identified the presence of enabling factors to implement PBL in Debre TaborUniversity (DTU).
Symptomatic Giant Virchow-Robin Spaces: A Rare Cause of Spastic Quadriparesis in 43-Year-old Ethiopian Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Biniyam Ayele  , Guta Zenebe  , Abenet Mengesha  , Yegeta Teshale
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Virchow-Robin Spaces (VRS) are perivascular spaces that surround small arteries and arterioles. These normal anatomical structures are thought to be involved in the drainage of interstitial fluid and also to play an immunomodulatory role by hosting macrophages. Rarely, it becomes giant and symptomatic resulting in mass effect on adjacent neuronal structures and ventricular system causing different neurological disorders.CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 43-year-old, Ethiopian woman who presented with progressive weakness of all her extremity over the period of seven years. She had associated speech difficulty, visual blurring and pseudo-bulbar affect. Neurologic examination revealed spastic quadriparesis with increased deep tendon reflexes and up going plantar bilaterally. She had horizontal nystagmus, dysarthria and reduced bilateral visual acuity, otherwise normal cognition and cranial nerves examination. Brain MRI showed T1 hypointense, T2 hyperintense and non-enhancing multiple cystic lesions of different size, mainly in bilateral basal ganglia area with mass effect on adjacent internal capsule and lateral ventricles. Considering her clinical presentation and typical radiological features, diagnosis of symptomatic dilated Virchow-Robin spaces was made, and the patient was treated symptomatically.CONCLUSION: Commonly, dilation of Virchow-Robin spaces are not symptomatic, but giant Virchow-Robin spaces, as in our patient may result in spastic quadriparesis, causing great disability on the patient. Thus, we recommend considering symptomatic Virchow- Robin spaces as a potential differential diagnosis of progressive quadriparesis, as early neurosurgical intervention may reduce the neurological complications, such as spastic quadriparesis.
How Far Does Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment Reduce TB Incidence among Children? A Marginal Structural Modeling Analysis, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Firew Tiruneh  , Yared Deyas
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Children younger than 15 years, carry almost 80% of the global burden of HIV/AIDS. HIV worsens the progression of latent TB to active TB disease. Although antiretroviral treatment has shown marked reduction in Tuberculosis incidence, TB continues to occur in Sub-Saharan countries including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of HAART on the incidence of tuberculosis among children infected with HIV in Southwest Ethiopia.METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2009 to 2014. We used chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test to compare non-HAART and HAART cohort. We estimated the effect of HAART on TB incidence using marginal structural model after adjusting for time dependent confounders affected by exposure.RESULT: A total of 844 children were followed. We observed them for a median of 51 months (IQR 31) and a total of 2942.99 child-years. The overall TB incidence rate was 7.917 per 100 child years (95% CI, 6.933-9.002). TB incidence for specific HAART and non-HAART cohort were 7.67 per 100 child-years (95% CI, 6.318-9.217) and 8.17 per 100 child-years (95% CI, 6.772-9.767) respectively. From marginal structural modeling, children on HAART were 36% (HR=0.642, 95% CI 0.442-0.931, p<0.02) less likely to develop TB compared to those who were not.CONCLUSION: HAART reduced the hazard of TB in HIVinfected children by 36%. This is by far less than what is expected.
The Impact of Fee and Liability Waivers on Patronage of Rattray Park in Ghana
Authors: Koli Seth , Kuuder Conrad-J. Wuleka , Poku Getrude
Published: October 2020

The study assessed the relationship between fee and liability waivers introduced at Rattray Park vis-a-vis its patronage by low income earners within the Kumasi Metropolis. Barriers to park use as well as safety awareness were also analysed. The research design adopted as a guide was the survey study method. In all, 141 revellers were contacted through questionnaire administration within a 3-day period during the programme. Indepth Interview (IDI) schedules were also conducted with key stakeholders who were incharge of organising the waiver programmes. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS while qualitative data were manually transcribed. The study revealed that low income earners took advantage of the waiver programmes (attested by 44% of respondents) with p-value of 0.034 to make use of the park. Similarly, about 70% of respondents consideredinability to afford the cost of entry tickets a factor which hindered their recreational use of the park. The fee waiver concept was noted in the study as well-intended and a strategic recommendation suggested by park-goers signaled the need for boosting recreational activities in the park to engage visitors all day long for a richer experience.

Keywords: Fee Waivers, Liability Waivers, Revellers, Rattray Park, Low Income Earners
Effects of Humidity on the Dissolution Profiles of Controlled Release Theophylline Matrix Tablets Containing Release Enhancers Prepared By Melt Granulation and Coacervation Techniques
Authors: Avbunudiogba J.A.
Published: October 2020

The quantity of moisture present in tablets plays a major role in influencing the physical/chemical properties of tablets especially dissolution profiles. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of relative humidity on the dissolution profiles of controlled release  theophylline matrix tablets containing release enhancer prepared by melt granulation and simple coacervation techniques. Sucrose and  microcrystalline cellulose at concentration of 3% w/w, 5% w/w, 7.5% w/w, and 10% w/w were included in the blends as release enhancers before compression into nondisintegrating matrix tablets. Resulting tablets were exposed to 0% and 75% relative humidity. Sample were withdrawn at 0, 15 days, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months and evaluated for cumulative drug release. Interactions were investigated using modern technology: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Initial and maximum release were increased after exposure to 75% relative humidity. There was no drug – excipients interaction. Thus moisture increased theophylline release from both sets of tablets prepared by melt granulation and simple coacervation techniques.

Keywords: Theophylline, Matrix tablets, Dissolution profiles, Release enhancers, Relative humidity
Effect of Fermentation, Germination and Combined Germination-Fermentation Processing Methods on the Nutrient and Anti-nutrient Contents of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Seeds
Authors: Anaemene D.I. , Fadupin G.T.
Published: October 2020

Cereals remain the major components of traditional complementary foods but possess antinutritional factors in addition to nutrients. High  antinutrient content have been linked to poor quality complementary foods and high level of undernutrition among children less than two years. Hence, this study examined the effect of fermentation, germination and combined germination-fermentation processing methods on the nutrient and antinutrient contents of Quality Protein Maize (QPM). Maize seeds were fermented and germinated for 72 hours. A batch of the germinated seeds was further fermented for 24 and 48 hours separately. The raw and processed maize seeds were chemically analysed for proximate, mineral (calcium, iron and zinc) and antinutrient (phytate, tannin, oxalate, saponin, polyphenol and hemaglutinnin) composition. ANOVA was used to detect significant differences. Result showed that the crude protein content of raw QPM seeds increased significantly from 10.04% to 10.44% after  fermentation while it decreased to 9.12% following germination (72 hours)-fermentation (48 hours). Crude fat content decreased significantly with  the treatments (4.70-3.20%). Calcium (10.38-4.23mg/100g) and iron (3.70-1.90mg/100g) contents decreased significantly with all the methods.  Germination and combined germination-fermentation reduced more antinutrients in maize compared to fermentation. Fermented seeds had the least tannin (28-27.5 mg/100g) and phytate (967.5-828.5 mg/100g) reduction while the oxalate (590-646 mg/100g), saponin (425-545 mg/100g) and hemaglutinnin (17.31-19.53 mg/100g) contents increased. Germination-fermentation (24 hours) decreased phytate content by > 90% and retained more iron (79 vs 61%) and zinc (80 vs 74%) than fermentation. Combined germination-fermentation (24 hours) was more effective in antinutrient reduction in Quality Protein Maize seeds.

Keywords: Maize, complementary foods, antinutrients, processing
Determination of Optimal Number of Servers at Network Queuing Nodes to Reduce Waiting Time in a Tertiary Institution Clinic in Bida, Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad I. , Adamu L.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a network queuing model that determines optimal numbers of servers at the nodes of the school clinic network queuing system to  reduce waiting time of the patients has been presented. The relevant data was collected for a period four weeks, through direct observations and interviews. The number of arrivals and departures were also obtained. The total expected waiting time of the patient in the current system before modification was 50minutes with total number of 10 servers in all the nodes, while the total new expected waiting time of patient in the system after modification was reduced to 19 minutes with total number of 17 servers in all the nodes. The study has determined optimal number of servers at the nodes of the school clinic network system. Results from this study is an important information to the management of the school clinic for proper planning and better service delivery.

Keywords: Network Queuing System, Nodes, Servers, School Clinic.
Screening of Fungi Isolates from Kaduna Refinery Effluent and Romi River and Their Potential for Bioremediation
Authors: Obukohwo K. , Vantsawa P.A. , Dibal D.M. , Ijah U.J.J. , Onwumere G.B. , Ndibe T.O.
Published: October 2020

The operation of Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) has increased effluent generation with consequent effects on water quality and habitat since it is discharged into nearby receiving water body. These effluents contain heavy metals and other toxicants. Samples were  collected from the effluent discharge point of the Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) and from Romi River located at Kaduna South Local Government Area of Kaduna state. Standard methods were used to analyze the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals of the effluents. A total of 14 fungi isolates were identified from the samples. These fungi isolates were screened for their bioremediation potential on some toxic components in refinery effluent and were identified using molecular techniques. Four fungi isolates (Chrysosporium tropicum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae) were selected for bioremediation. Carbon (IV) oxide evolution increased progressively during the period of bioremediation. There was a noticeable decline in the phenol, lead, cadmium and nickel in the entire bioremediation medium. There was a positive correlation between phenol and cadmium with a coefficient of 0.969. Consortia of fungi isolated from the refinery effluent and Romi River samples were effective in the bioremediation of refinery effluent. The mixed consortium of four fungi showed the most efficacies in the bioremediation of refinery effluent in terms of phenol, oil and grease, cadmium, lead and cadmium reduction. Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Corporation (KRPC) should adopt bioremediation as one of the techniques in treating effluents before being discharged into receiving water bodies

Keywords: Effluents, Fungi, heavy metal, bioremediation.
Management of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using Nigerian Raw Diatomite
Authors: Medugu M.A. , Okrikata E. , Dunuwel D.M.
Published: October 2020

Maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, whose management has largely been via traditional control practices, is a key pest of stored maize grains causing severe losses. This study explored the use of Nigerian Raw Diatomite (RD) in the management of the weevil. A 3-replicated split plot designed laboratory experiment was conducted for 6 months duration. The treatments were Raw Diatomite (RD) at the rate of 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg and a control (untreated) across four improved maize grain varieties. Data collected were on mortality, F1 progeny produced, grain weight damage, and loss. Data were analyzed with variance analysis and significantly different means were separated using Turkey Kramer HSD test at P<0.05. Results showed that the control had the least weevil mortality across the varieties throughout the periods of assessment. Highest weevil mortality was recorded with increase in dose rates of RD and progresses to 100% - largely at the 14th day post-treatment. Control recorded the highest weight loss and grain damage of 16.5% and 38.1%, respectively when compared to all the other treatment rates on the most tolerant variety (SAMMAZ 25). The study revealed that RD had a promising potential to substitute synthetic insecticides and can be incorporated into the integrated pest management strategy against maize weevil. We therefore suggest that further work be done to refine the Nigerian RD so as to standardize the most effective dosage application rate for management of insect pests of stored maize and other cereals.

Keywords: Raw Diatomite, Sitophilus zeamais, Maize grain damage
Identification of theoretical parameters used to forecast underground mining impacts to implement long-terms forecasts of underground mining impacts – case study
Authors: Kruczkowski Marek
Published: October 2020

The paper is a case study of ground surface subsidence induced by a long-term mining of hard coal. Knothe prediction model is commonly used in Poland as a technique for prediction of the subsidence-related deformation of ground surface. The presented issue is related to assumptions about the value of the theory parameters in long-term forecasts on the impact of mining on the surface, which are included in the mine development plan. Incorrectly selected values can significantly influence the quality of deformation forecasts. The calculations presented in the article were made for the area where the exploitation of six coal seams lasted more than thirty years. At the same time, deformations of the surface were observed by means of geodetic measurements. Based on the subsidence curves of the observation line points over time, three periods of rock movement decrease were determined. The range of mining operations was determined for the periods of decreased rock movements. The parameters of Knothe’s model were identified on the basis of geodetic measurements for extracted coal seams. Parametric calculations were made for the increasing range of mining operations and for the ranges of operation between subsequent decreases in the movements of the rock mass. Identification of the parameters of the theory thus made it possible to trace changes in the parameter values for different mining ranges. Significant changes were noted for the parameter describing the dispersion of influence (tanβ), while changes in the coefficient of roof control are not significant and their value becomes stable after some time. As the extent of the mining exploitation was increasing, its influence on both parameters (tangent of angle of major influence – tanβ and coefficient of roof control ‘a’) were evaluated. The changes of tanβ values were found to be significant whereas the changes of the ‘a’ coefficient value are negligible and its value seems to be constant after the initial stage of mining.
Core Workers' Rights
Authors: O'Fee John
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this video is to very briefly give you an overview in terms of the core workplace rights that workers have to respect their human rights, their workplace safety rights, and their employment standard rights.
Performance Evaluation of the Good Gain Method Against Other Methods Using a Water Level Control System
Authors: Abubakr Bahaddin M. , Abolaeha Osama A. , Hameda Alamin A.
Published: October 2020

Various tuning methods have been proposed for proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. A respectively new and simple experimental method for tuning PID controllers named a Good Gain method that was recently proposed by F. Haugen in 2010, this method is not yet recognized among the other known methods for tuning. However, the founder of this methods claims that it can be an alternative to the famous Ziegler-Nichols. In this paper, PID tuning method has been performed experimentally using a real water level system in order to test and validates the Good Gain method. Also other PID tuning methods applied to the same system to compare the results. The results show that the Good Gain method gives an acceptable stability and response comparing to the other industrial PID controller tuning procedures
The Rise of Political Symbolism in Post-Truth Era Democracies: Case Study of India during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mehnaz Najmi
Published: October 2020

no
Impact on International Trade during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of India
Authors: Sanjeev Kr Jain
Published: October 2020

No
A list of the Coccidae of Porto Rico
Authors: Jones Thomas H.
Published: October 2020

From time to time various entomological workers have published references to the Coccidae of Porto Rico, but the list of twentythree species collected on the island in 1899 by Mr. August Busck is, so far as known to the writer, the only attempt ever made to enumerate the Porto Pican scale-insects. This list appeared in 1900 in Bulletin No. 22, new series, of the Division of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, the determinations having been made by Messrs. T. Pergande, T. D. A. Cocker ell, and 0. D. Marlatt, In connection with this list it is stated that only one coccid, Aspidiotus destructor, had been previously recorded from Porto Pico,. this being in a reference in the Canadian Entomologist for 1895, the material having been taken by Mr. J. D. Hall in the city of San Juan.
Título en español
Authors: John A. Stevenson
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español
SUSTAINABILITY TRENDS IN THE POSTAL SYSTEMS OF LAST-MILE DELIVERY
Authors: Lazarević Dragan , Dobrodolac Momčilo
Published: October 2020

Postal systems are characterized by strong infrastructure and appropriate human, technical, and technological resources. The activities of these systems are economically demanding and impact the environment, which represents some of the most delicate problems of sustainable development. This paper presents the basic principles and proposals for the improvement of sustainable development capabilities in the postal systems. A review of modern means of transport is offered. Some of these means are still in the trial phase; however, their implementation is expected in the near future based on both, economic and environmental reasons.
SYSTÉMY FINANCOVANIA LETECKEJ INFRAŠTRUKTÚRY Z HĽADISKA ODOLNOSTI V ČASE KORONAKRÍZY: EÚ VS USA
Authors: Novák Sedláčková Alena , Tomová Anna
Published: October 2020

Príspevok konfrontuje systémy financovania leteckej infraštruktúry v Európskej únii a USA vzhľadom na koronakrízu. Pretože oba systémy sú spôsobom financovania previazané na leteckú prevádzku, koronakríza ochromila financovanie leteckej infraštruktúry v oboch celkoch, a to v okruhu prevádzkového aj investičného financovania. Nutnosť zachovania kontinuity investičného rozvoja leteckej infraštruktúry v čase coronakrízy vyvolala potrebu záchrannej reakcie, ktorá sa v EÚ zásadne líši od USA. V porovnaní so systémom v EÚ má systém financovania a strategického riadenia leteckej infraštruktúry v USA lepšiu adaptabilitu na krízu. V systéme financovania leteckej infraštruktúry v EÚ je „Achilovou pätou“ systému zložitosť pravidiel štátnej pomoci a inštitucionálna výstavba systému štátnej pomoci.
Ağır Metallerin Toprak, Bitki, Su ve İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri
Authors: YERLİ Caner , ÇAKMAKCI Talip , SAHİN Ustun , TÜFENKÇİ Şefik
Published: October 2020

Günümüzde artan sanayileşme ve kentleşme ile beraber çeşitli çevre kirlilikleri artmış ve birçok çevresel problem ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu problemlerin başında gelen ağır metaller, hava, toprak ve su kaynaklarında kirliliklere neden olmaktadırlar. Bitki fizyolojisini olumsuz etkileyerek, bitkisel üretimin azalmasına neden olan ağır metaller, besin zinciri yoluyla canlı sağlığını da tehdit ederler. Ağır metallerin toprağa ve bitkiye etkisi, toprak ve bitki özelliklerine göre değişiklik gösterebilmektedir. Ağır metaller toprak biyolojisinin bozulmasına, bitkide protein sentezi, DNA, RNA, kök-su ilişkisi, çimlenme, gelişme ve fotosentezin olumsuz etkilenmesine, toprak, bitki ve suda kompleks yapılar oluşturarak doku ve organların zarar görmesine neden olabilirler. Bu nedenlerle ağır metallerin toprak, bitki, su ve insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkisi tam olarak anlaşılmalıdır. Bu derlemede; ağır metallerin ortaya çıkışı, toprağa-suya etkisi ve toprak özelliklerinin ağır metallerle olan ilişkisi, ağır metallerin bitki fizyolojisine etkisi ve bitkinin ağır metallere karşı savunma ve tolerans mekanizmaları ile ağır metallerin insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Screening of Antimicrobial Effect against Microorganisms Threatening to Human Health of the Endemic Plant; Centaurea saligna (C. Koch) Wagenitz from Turkey
Authors: ERECEVİT SÖNMEZ Pınar , ÇAKILCIOĞLU Uğur
Published: October 2020

In this study, the antimicrobial effect researched on microorganisms threatening to human health of extract including methanol of Centaurea saligna that is endemic and used for therapy of many diseases. For disk diffusion method, this related extract is highly effective on the gram negative bacteria by its 20.3±0.5 mm inhibition area. Again to relation bacteria, gram positive bacteria are highly effective by 18.3±0.57 mm and 20.3±0.5 mm inhibition area. It has a effect against Candida species and Epidermophyton sp., the superficial skin infections are caused, by 9.6±0.5 mm and 13.6±1.5 mm inhibition area. On the other hand, for findings, this related extract is extremely effective against Trichophyton sp. that is one of dermatophyte fungi by 24.6±1.5 inhibition area. This natural extract shows its antimicrobial effect namely, by minimal inhibition value (MIC): 6.25 µL its lowest inhibition value against development of all the bacteria and dermatophyte fungi. This plant has a potential to be a natural antimicrobial agent to be used as a medicine for human health and life quality.
FSS Wall Design for High Isolation MIMO Antenna Array
Authors: TÜTÜNCÜ Bilal
Published: October 2020

In MIMO antennas, mutual coupling that adversely effects antenna performance is due to the surface currents. To date, many techniques have been proposed to suppress these surface currents such as Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures, metamaterial unit cell, band-stop filters and Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS). FSSs, when properly designed, can act as a band-stop filter in a given frequency range and thus prevent the propagation of these surface waves in the microstrip patch arrays. In this study, a new FSS unit cell is designed to reduce the mutual coupling effect caused by surface currents between two identical 2x1 patch antenna arrays with a 3.49 GHz operating frequency. These designed FSS unit cells are placed between the patches with a 1x5 periodic sequence. According to the simulation results, mutual coupling effect decreased by 26.6 dB without any shift in the transmission band with only 0.48 dB change in S11. Finally, ECC curves are plotted separately for the antenna array with and without the FSS wall. It is observed that the ECC of the antenna array is dropped from 0.16 to 0.07 by applying the proposed isolation wall.
Çapakçur Vadisi (Bingöl-Türkiye)’nin Monokotil Petaloitleri
Authors: BEHÇET Lütfi , YAPAR Yakup
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada
çapakçur vadisinin monokotil petaloitleri çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuda 12
familya, 29 cinse ait 88 takson tespit edilmiştir. Alanda belirlenen
taksonların 13’ü endemiktir (Allium
armenum Boiss.
& Kotschy, Allium pictistamineum O.Schwarz, Allium sivasicum Özhatay & Kollmann, Arum rupicola
Boiss. var. rupicola, Bellevalia
gracilis Feinbrun, Bellevalia modesta Wendelbo, Hyacinthus
orientalis L. subsp. chionophilus Wendelbo, Iris sari Schott ex Baker, Fritillaria
armena Boiss., Fritillaria crassifolia Boiss. & A.Huet subsp. crassifolia, Cephalanthera kotschyana Renz & Taubenheim, Dactylorhiza osmanica (Klinge) P.F.Hunt Summerh. var. anatolica
(E.Nelson) Renz & Taubenheim, Dactylorhiza
osmanica (Klinge) P.F.Hunt
Summerh. var. osmanica). 88 taksonun ait
olduğu ilk 5 familya Amarilydaceae, Liliaceae, Asparagaceae, Orchidaceae ve
Iridaceae dir. Taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımı 45’i İran-Turan,
14’ü Akdeniz, 5’i Avrupa-Sibirya ve 24’ü yaygın yada bilinmeyen şeklindedir.
Iğdır ve Yöresinde Üretilen Balların Bazı Fizikokimyasal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: YURT Bayram
Published: October 2020

Bal insanlık için önemli bir gıda maddesidir. Bal üretimi bakımından en uygun ülkelerden biri olan Türkiye, Dünya’da Çin’den sonra ikinci, Avrupada ise birinci sıradadır.

Bu çalışmada, Iğdır ve yöresinde (Kağızman, Tuzluca, Aralık) üretilen süzme çiçek ballarının bazı fizikokimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada 30 adet süzme çiçek balı kullanılmıştır. Analiz edilen süzme çiçek ballarında briks, nem miktarı, asitlik, hidroksimetilfurfural, glukoz ve fruktoz analizleri yapılmıştır.

Araştırma sonucunda ortalama fizikokimyasal değerler; Brix % 83.30 ± 0.97, Nem miktarı % 15.06 ± 0.75, Asitlik 22.64 meq/kg ± 4.16, pH 4.33 ± 0.25, iletkenlik 0.17 mS/cm ± 0.15, Hidroksimetilfurfural 39.85 mg/kg ± 30.41, Fruktoz % 38.62 ± 2.36, Glukoz % 32.46 ± 2.24, Fruktoz / Glukoz oranı 1.20 ± 0.10 ve Glukoz + Fruktoz miktarı % 71.09 ± 3.66 şeklinde bulunmuştur. Bu ortalama sonuçlar, Iğdır ve yöresinde üretilen süzme çiçek ballarının Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bal Tebliği kriterlerine (2012) uygun olduğunu göstermiştir.
Solhan (Bingöl) florasının arıcılık açısından değerlendirilmesi
Authors: POLAT Rıdvan , ESİM Nevzat , ÜRÜŞAN Zeynep , CAF Ahmet , AHISKALI Mihriban , CANLI Deniz
Published: October 2020

Özet
Bingöl ili ülkemizin önemli arıcılık merkezlerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada; Solhan (Bingöl) yöresinde gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları kapsamında arı konaklama ve çevre alanlarda çok sayıda arazi gezisi düzenlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda arazide yapılan yoğun gözlemler ve bölgede arıcılık yapan kişilerle uygulanan anketler ışığında arıların nektar, polen ve diğer arı ürünleri için kaynak olarak kullandığı bitkiler kayıt altına alınmıştır. Araştırmalar sonucunda Solhan yöresinde arıcılık açısından önemli potansiyele sahip 24 bitki familyasına ait 90 bitki taksonu tespit edilmiştir. Bu taksonlardan 6’sı endemiktir. En fazla taksona sahip familyalar; Asteraceae (28), Lamiaceae (15), Fabaceae (12), Rosaceae (4), Caprifoliaceae (3), Caryophyllaceae (3), Hypericaceae (3), Asparagaceae (3) şeklindedir. Ayrıca çalışmalar kapsamında arı bitkileri üzerine yapılan palinolojik değerlendirmelerle önemli bazı taksonların polen atlası hazırlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Arıcılık; flora; polen atlas; Solhan; Bingöl.
The Urgency of Regional Regulation Bill of Serdang Bedagai Regency on Trading Business
Authors: Ramlan Ramlan , Sihombing Eka NAM , Fajriawati Fajriawati
Published: October 2020

This study aims to discuss the urgency of regional regulation bill of serdang bedagai regency on trading business. Various problems regulated in this regulation include: The quality that is owned between modern retail and traditional retail is not comparable in terms of capital, management to human resources; The increasing number of modern retailers has made it difficult for traditional retailers to develop because they have to deal directly with modern retailers with better quality; There are no strict sanctions against retailers who violate the relevant provisions; Unilateral determination of the types, sizes and prices of trading terms to retail; and The incomplete application of regulations and criminal provisions whose content is not yet optimal. Currently, the gap between modern trading businesses and traditional trading businesses lies in the distribution chain that is digitally integrated in modern trading businesses, creating synergies among its users. Meanwhile, traditional trading business entrepreneurs are usually cash based and have limited integration with suppliers or banks to manage purchases, supplies and payments. Based on this condition, it is very necessary to form a regulation to create a balanced competition between traditional trading businesses and modern trading businesses, regulations that are able to bring justice to all entrepreneurs, not only provide protection for traditional trading businesses and forget about modern trading businesses that also have a very positive impact on the existence of the regional and national economy or vice versa. The regulation is in the form of a Trade Business Regional Regulation. Regional Regulation Bill of Serdang Bedagai Regency on Trading Business
Analisis Rasio Keuangan Daerah Untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Bulukumba
Authors: R Baso , Wahyuni Nurul , S Sumarni
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari penelitian pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Bulukumba dalam hal rasio keuangan dalam Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif (metode deskriptif kuantitatif), yaitu dengan menetapkan konsep penghitungan Rasio Keuangan dalam menghitung keuangan, dengan menghitung Rasio Keuangan dari anggaran yang terkandung dalam APBD dan Laporan Realisasi APBD untuk 2014 Periode -2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa independensi Pemerintah Kabupaten Bulukumba dalam memenuhi persyaratan pendanaan untuk melaksanakan tugas-tugas pemerintah, pengembangan, dan pelayanan sosial kepada masyarakat masih sangat rendah karena berada pada 0% -25%, meskipun PAD telah meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, yaitu dari 8,73% pada tahun 2015 menjadi 10,04% pada tahun 2016 dan 16,54% pada tahun 2017 berarti bahwa peningkatan tersebut tidak signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemandirian finansial. Efektivitas dan efisiensi yang ditunjukkan pada tahun 2015 memiliki rasio efektivitas 93,83% dan rasio efisiensi 8,48%, pada 2016 memiliki rasio efektivitas 89,52% dan rasio efisiensi 8,24%, dan pada 2017 memiliki rasio efektivitas efisiensi 82,98% rasio 13,95%.
Task-oriented training and exer-gaming for improving mobility after stroke: a randomized trial
Authors: Arshad Nawaz Malik  , Tahir Masood
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of task-oriented training and to compare it with virtual reality training on the mobility, physical performance and balance in stroke patients.

Method: The randomised controlled trial was conducted from January 2016 to March 2017 at the Physical Rehabilitation Department of Pakistan Railways General Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised patients 40-70 years with stroke history of at least 3 months who had the ability to stand unaided. The subjects were randomised into virtual reality training group A and task-oriented training group B. Task oriented training was provided for 3 days per week over 8 weeks to both groups with each session lasting 40-45 minutes, while additional 15-20 minutes of exer-gaming was provided only to group A. Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity, Berg Balance Test, Timed Up and Go Test and Dynamic Gait Index were used for assessment which was done at baseline, and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of training. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.

Results: Of the 52 subjects, there were 26(50%) in each of the two groups. The overall sample had 36(69.2%) males and 16(30.7%) females. Group A showed significant difference in Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity and Berg Balance Test scores at 04 weeks of training compared to group B (p<0.05). Timed Up and Go Test significantly improved in group A at 6 weeks (p<0.05). Both groups showed significant improvement in Dynamic Gait Index after 8 weeks of training (p>0.05). Continuous....
APPLYING FUZZY QFD MCDM TO EVALUATE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Authors: Poon Chong Peter , Lalla Terrence
Published: October 2020

This paper exhibits a method to improve the quality of musical instruments with the application of two Multi-Criteria Decision Making models, Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Environment. A fuzzy analysis approach was also included to accommodate qualitative data in music. The QFD was constructed with literature based on optimizing the manufacture of musical instruments. At this phase of the research, the paper focused on the physical parameters and perceived qualities of musical instruments. The proposed modified QFD was developed to identify the product features chosen by the market and aid the manufacture of musical instruments. A standard QFD recognized and scored factors to develop and manufacture musical instruments. It accommodated some core engineering variables for the musical instruments but overlooked some feature stakeholder needs. For example, the musician may not have 100% gratification while playing the instrument as the manufacturer fails to capture acoustic features to psychologically satisfy the musician’s audience. Using fuzzy logic, QFD and MCDM increased the model performance by expanding the data set. It offered the manufacturer of musical instruments a mode to capture and analyse behavioural linguistic data covering more customer requirements. Hence, the approach increased the range to correlate the physical features and psychological behaviours of musical instruments. It allowed non-technical persons to provide an improved form of reliable information. This modified QFD can also be applied to develop other products involving linguistic data.
AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO GIS ANALYSIS AND MAP MAKING USING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
Authors: Hosein Tarick , Ramlal Bheshem , Kirton-Reed Lisa , Trotman Adrian
Published: October 2020

Over the last two decades, advancements in analytical cartography have reduced the need for professional geomatics experts when creating maps. GIS software have greatly simplified the map creation process, allowing non-experts to make maps using many built-in tools. However, this has resulted in a lack of quality control and assessment when data is manipulated and processed towards developing maps. This also raises questions with regards to reliability, validity and objectivity of data, results and maps. In contrast, this paper presents a methodology for automating both the GIS analysis and Map Making processes using analytical cartography in a non-standard GIS environment. The work was done primarily in the R environment, open source software and programming, to replicate processes that were normally done using expensive proprietary software and many person hours. Applied in a case study to improve the workflow efficiency in precipitation index modelling, the developed system was found to improve on overall time by tenfold, the formats and number of products generated were more than doubled, the replicability of map layouts was greatly improved, and the published formats increased.
PERFORMANCE OF COATED CUTTING TOOLS IN MACHINING: A REVIEW
Authors: Srikant Revuru Rukmini , Krishna Pasam Vamsi , Rao Posinasetti Nageswara
Published: October 2020

Rapid advances in materials science have prompted the development of materials and alloys of enhanced properties like high strength, hardness, etc. Though these alloys are beneficial in their applications, their machining is difficult. For instance, Inconel 718, a nickel-based alloy, is used in several aerospace applications. This alloy can retain its strength at high temperatures up to 750℃. However, machining Inconel is a problem due to its poor machinability. Similarly, titanium alloys are not very hard but react with tools at high temperatures and lead to their premature failure. Carbide inserts are commonly used as cutting tools in the industry. Carbide tools are manufactured using powder metallurgy technique and possess high strength and hardness, even at elevated temperatures. However, these tools are not effective in machining of “difficult-to-machine” materials and have very short life. In light of this, coated tools have evolved. The cutting tools are coated using very hard, non-reacting material and sometimes a solid lubricant. The coatings are made usually by using PVD or CVD techniques. Often, intermediate layers are provided to improve adhesion between the substrate and the actual coating. Coated tools have better resistance to temperatures and hence, better tool life compared to the regular cutting tools. This paper deals with the evolution of the technology of coated tools. Different types of coatings, their advantages/limitations and efficacy of coated tools in machining are reviewed and discussed.
EARTHWORK VOLUMETRICS WITH UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Al-Tahir Raid , Barran Travis
Published: October 2020

The recent evolution of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as measuring instruments has become attractive for many surveying applications in civil engineering including the volumetric computations of earthworks in the construction of a highway. The application of softcopy photogrammetry to UAV acquired imagery has the potential to reduce data acquisition costs, time and with suitable accuracy for earthworks mapping and volumetrics. Their performance, however, is not well understood for these applications. This investigation tests the ability of the UAVs and photogrammetric software to generate volumes for the layers of material used in road construction, as well as to analyse their accuracies and limitations. Specifically, this study assesses the feasibility of UAV-based surveying in generating volumes for general earthworks in highway/road construction. Additionally, the study compares the performance of UAV-based surveying to that of Total Station surveying. Performance is evaluated along the required time for image acquisition and generating the final products, the required personnel and overall cost of survey. A segment of the Churchill Roosevelt Extension to Manzanilla was used in the assessment.
The Use of Small Grains for Food Security and Climate Compliant In Dry Regions of Zimbabwe: A Review
Authors: N. Sakadzo , A. T. Kugedera
Published: October 2020

Climate change has brought issues of total crop failure in dry regions in Zimbabwe as evidenced by total crop failure in 2010, 2015 and 2017 in some parts of Chivi which is one of the driest area in Zimbabwe. The paper highlights the use of small grains for food security and climate compliant in dry regions of Zimbabwe. This brings in an idea of growing small grain by farmers as means of improving food production in dry areas such as Chivi, Mwenezi and Chiredzi districts. Cereal production growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to decline by a net 3.2 percent in 2050 as a result of climate change. To mitigate this risk, there is need to improve productivity of small grains as climate compliant crops which can ameliorate poverty in Zimbabwe. Small grains are drought tolerant and perform better in dry regions than any other cereal crops. Sorghum and millet have the potential to contribute to food security to the world’s poorest agro-ecological regions.
التضعيف ووظائفه النحوية والصرفية والدلالية
Reduplication and its morphological, grammatical and semantic functions
Authors: Widaa Murtada Farah Ali
Published: October 2020

تهدف هذه الدراسة في مجملها إلى الوقوف على الوظائف التي يؤديها التضعيف الناتج عن زيادة في أصل الكلمة، وقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتناولت الموضوع من خلال الحديث عن: مفهوم التضعيف، والغرض منه، ثم الوقوف على الوظائف الصرفية، والنحوية، والدلالية له.
وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج، موجزها: الوظائف الصرفية للتضعيف هي: الإلحاق، التوليد، الاستغناء، وتغيير النظام المقطعي للكلمات، والوظائف النحوية تشمل: التعدية، التحويل، والإعمال، أما الوظائف الدلالية فهي متعددة، ومن أبرزها: التكثير والمبالغة، الصيرورة، السلب والإزالة، الاختصار، النسبة، الدعاء للمفعول أو عليه، التضاد، الظرفية، المطاوعة، التكلف والطلب، والاتخاذ.
هذا، ولتعدد الوظائف الدلالية وتداخلها يلعب السياق دورًا مهمًا في تحديد هذه الوظائف، والتفريق بينها.
This study aims to identifying the functions performed by doubling that resulting from an increase at the word origin. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach. And the study examined the topic in terms of talking about the concept of Doubling, its purpose then show its’ morphological and syntactic and semantic functions. The study reached to some fndings, the most important of the morphological functions are: Merges, Generating, Dispensing, and changing the words system syllables, while the syntactic functions include: ALtadyah, Diversion, and AL-iamal. Also the semantic functions are: Exaggratedness, Consequence, Plundering and Removal, Abbreviation, the
Proportion, Contrast, circumstantial, AL-muttawaa’ and Adoption.
Key words: Reduplication, Morphology, and Grammar
Effect of foliar fertilizers on the performance of the purple corn variety improved pmv-581 (Zea mays l.) in conditions edafoclimaticas de Cayhuayna – 2017
Authors:   Ciencias Agrarias -UNHEVAL, Villanueva- Reátegui, Juan Diolando
Published: October 2020

The investigation was carried out in the IIFO-EAP grounds. Agronomy-Cayhuayna. The analyzed variables: foliar fertilizers: Biol and Effective Microorganisms in levels of (1, 1,5 and 2 liters / backpack), which make a total of 7 treatments. The objective was to evaluate the effect of foliar fertilizer levels on the performance of purple maize in edaphoclimatic conditions of Cayhuayna. The Randomized Complete Block design was used and Duncan's significance test was used to compare averages. The data was processed using the statistical program InfoStat. It is concluded 1. There is a significant effect of the levels of foliar fertilizers, on the size, diameter of ears, and yield per hectare in the cultivation of the purple maize variety PMV-581, with the treatments B / 2 and EM / 2 with 14.33 and 13.33 cm long; with 4.49 and 4.73 cm in diameter and yields per hectare of 7 500 kg and 6 846 kg / ha respectively, demonstrating that as the dose of foliar fertilizer is increased, higher yields are obtained. There is also a significant effect with respect to the concentration of anthocyanin with the B / 1 treatment with 2.14 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside mg / 100 g under the conditions of the test; Foliar applications are recommended in the doses of 2 l / backpack every 14 days, replacing chemical fertilization to improve yields and concentration of anthocyanin. Key word: foliar fertilizer, biol, effective microorganisms, purple corn and yield
Behavior of Hard Yellow Corn Hybrids (Zea mays L.) under edaphoclimatic conditions of the CIFO UNHEVAL- Huánuco 2018
Authors:   Ciencias Agrarias -INGENIERÍA AGRONOMICA-UNHEVAL, BRICEÑO-YEN HENRY
Published: October 2020

The objective of the research was to determine the number of days to male and female flowering and the yield components of plant and ear height and grain weight of the commercial hybrids under study, for which the field trial was installed under a DBCA design, with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions, having sowed on April 24, 2018, after a pre - sowing irrigation in the Olericultural Fruit Research Center of the Professional School of Agronomic Engineering of the National Hermilio Valdizán University de Huánuco-Peru, obtaining the following conclusions The sowing season influences the beginning of flowering of the hybrids under study, The hybrids did not reach a greater development of height of plant, being the lowest height the DK 7088 and the highest height the ATLAS 105, also behaved as the earliest DK 7088 and the latest the ATL 50. The lowest performances were obtained with the ATL 50 with 5823.86 kg per hectare And the highest yield with 8096.59 kg per hectare with the ATLAS 105 hybrid. Keywords: hybrid, yellow corn, yield
Indicators to measure soil erosion for rain action: A review with emphasis on massive stabilization and control of erosion rates
Authors:   Ciencias Agrarias -INGENIERÍA AGRONOMICA-UNHEVAL, Alvarez-Benaute Luisa Madolyn
Published: October 2020

Soil erosion leads to a series of impacts, inside and outside the ecosystem that in turn are related to the productive capacity of the soil and the depletion of nutrients. This document gives us a vision of the state of soil loss due to water erosion, framed in a set of selected ecosystem service indicators (ES) that include supply and demand indicators that represent the three main supplier, regulatory and sociocultural categories. The choice of appropriate indicators and their calculation is presented using the example of class ES "massive stabilization and control of erosion rates" and "control of soil erosion water". Nearly natural ecosystems often resist erosion to a greater extent than areas in use, whose erosion rates depend on natural parameters and factors related to use. The main indicator captures the protective effect of ecosystems against soil loss, calculated from the difference in annual losses and the rate of hypothetical erosion without vegetation. The objective is to show the development of indicators with a focus on stakeholder participation and adopt regulatory processes that help counteract the effects of soil erosion. Keywords: soil erosion, satellite images, stabilization, control.