bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate-groundwater dynamics inferred from GRACE and the role of hydraulic memory
Authors: Opie Simon , Taylor Richard G. , Brierley Chris M. , Shamsudduha Mohammad , Cuthbert Mark O.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Groundwater is the largest store of freshwater on Earth after the cryosphere and provides a substantial proportion of the water used for domestic, irrigation and industrial purposes. Knowledge of this essential resource remains incomplete, in part, because of observational challenges of scale and accessibility. Here we examine a 14-year period (2002–2016) of GRACE observations to investigate climate-groundwater dynamics of 14 tropical and sub-tropical aquifers selected from WHYMAP's 37 large aquifer systems of the world. GRACE-derived changes in groundwater storage resolved using GRACE JPL Mascons and the CLM Land Surface Model are related to precipitation time series and regional-scale hydrogeology. We show that aquifers in dryland environments exhibit long-term hydraulic memory through a strong correlation between groundwater storage changes and annual precipitation anomalies integrated over the time series; aquifers in humid environments show short-term memory through strong correlation with monthly precipitation. This classification is consistent with estimates of Groundwater Response Times calculated from the hydrogeological properties of each system, with long (short) hydraulic memory associated with slow (rapid) response times. The results suggest that groundwater systems in dryland environments may be less sensitive to seasonal climate variability but vulnerable to long-term trends from which they will be slow to recover. In contrast, aquifers in humid regions may be more sensitive to seasonal climate disturbances such as ENSO-related drought but may also be relatively quick to recover. Exceptions to this general pattern are traced to human interventions through groundwater abstraction. Hydraulic memory is an important factor in the management of groundwater resources, particularly under climate change.
High-precision ID-TIMS Cassiterite U-Pb systematics using a low-contamination hydrothermal decomposition: implications for LA-ICP-MS and ore deposit geochronology
Authors: Tapster Simon Richard , Bright Joshua William George
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Cassiterite (SnO2) is the most common ore phase of Sn. Typically containing 1–100 µg/g U and relatively low concentrations of common Pb the mineral has been increasingly targeted for U-Pb geochronology, principally via micro-beam methods, to understand the timing and durations of granite related magmatic-hydrothermal systems throughout geological time. However, due to the extreme resistance of cassiterite to most forms of acid digestion, to date, there has been no published method permitting the complete, closed system decomposition of cassiterite under conditions where the basic necessities of measurement by isotope dilution can be met, leading to a paucity of reference, and validation materials. To address this a new low blank (
Flooding in the Mekong Delta: the impact of dyke systems on downstream hydrodynamics
Authors: Thanh Vo Quoc , Roelvink Dano , van der Wegen Mick , Reyns Johan , Kernkamp Herman , Van Vinh Giap , Linh Vo Thi Phuong
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Building high dykes is a common measure of coping with floods and plays an important role in agricultural management in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. However, the construction of high dykes causes considerable changes in hydrodynamics of the Mekong River. This paper aims to assess the impact of the high-dyke system on water level fluctuations and tidal propagation in the Mekong River branches. We developed a coupled 1-D to 2-D unstructured grid using Delft3D Flexible Mesh software. The model domain covered the Mekong Delta extending to the East (South China Sea) and West (Gulf of Thailand) seas, while the scenarios included the presence of high dykes in the Long Xuyen Quadrangle (LXQ), the Plain of Reeds (PoR) and the Trans-Bassac regions. The model was calibrated for the year 2000 high-flow season. Results show that the inclusion of high dykes changes the percentages of seaward outflow through the different Mekong branches and slightly redistributes flow over the low-flow and high-flow seasons. The LXQ and PoR high dykes result in an increase in the daily mean water levels and a decrease in the tidal amplitudes in their adjacent river branches. Moreover, the different high-dyke systems not only have an influence on the hydrodynamics in their own branch, but also influence other branches due to the Vam Nao connecting channel. These conclusions also hold for the extreme flood scenarios of 1981 and 1991 that had larger peak flows but smaller flood volumes. Peak flood water levels in the Mekong Delta in 1981 and 1991 are comparable to the 2000 flood as peak floods decrease and elongate due to upstream flooding in Cambodia. Future studies will focus on sediment pathways and distribution as well as climate change impact assessment.
A framework for deriving drought indicators from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
Authors: Gerdener Helena , Engels Olga , Kusche Jürgen
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Identifying and quantifying drought in retrospective is a necessity for better understanding drought conditions and the propagation of drought through the hydrological cycle and eventually for developing forecast systems. Hydrological droughts refer to water deficits in surface and subsurface storage, and since these are difficult to monitor at larger scales, several studies have suggested exploiting total water storage data from the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite gravity mission to analyze them. This has led to the development of GRACE-based drought indicators. However, it is unclear how the ubiquitous presence of climate-related or anthropogenic water storage trends found within GRACE analyses masks drought signals. Thus, this study aims to better understand how drought signals propagate through GRACE drought indicators in the presence of linear trends, constant accelerations, and GRACE-specific spatial noise. Synthetic data are constructed and existing indicators are modified to possibly improve drought detection. Our results indicate that while the choice of the indicator should be application-dependent, large differences in robustness can be observed. We found a modified, temporally accumulated version of the Zhao et al. (2017) indicator particularly robust under realistic simulations. We show that linear trends and constant accelerations seen in GRACE data tend to mask drought signals in indicators and that different spatial averaging methods required to suppress the spatially correlated GRACE noise affect the outcome. Finally, we identify and analyze two droughts in South Africa using real GRACE data and the modified indicators.
A risk-based, network analysis of distributed in-stream leaky barriers for flood risk management
Authors: Hankin Barry , Hewitt Ian , Sander Graham , Danieli Federico , Formetta Giuseppe , Kamilova Alissa , Kretzschmar Ann , Kiradjiev Kris , Wong Clint , Pegler Sam , Lamb Rob
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We develop a network-based model of a catchment basin that incorporates the possibility of small-scale, in-channel, leaky barriers as flood attenuation features, on each of the edges of the network. The model can be used to understand effective risk reduction strategies considering the whole-system performance; here we focus on identifying network dam placements promoting effective dynamic utilisation of storage, and placements that also reduce risk of breach or cascade failure of dams during high flows. We first demonstrate the model using idealised networks and explore risk of cascade failure using probabilistic barrier-fragility assumptions. The investigation highlights the need for robust design of nature-based measures, to avoid inadvertent exposure of communities to a flood risk, and we conclude that the principle of building the leaky-barriers on the upstream tributaries is generally less risky than building on the main trunk, although this may depend on the network structure specific to the catchment under study. The efficient scheme permits rapid assessment of performance of dams placed in different locations in real networks, demonstrated in application to a real system of leaky barriers built in Penny Gill, a stream in the West Cumbria region of Britain and which leads to further design advice.
Simulation-based comparison of multivariate ensemble post-processing methods
Authors: Lerch Sebastian , Baran Sándor , Möller Annette , Groß Jürgen , Schefzik Roman , Hemri Stephan , Graeter Maximiliane
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Many practical applications of statistical post-processing methods for ensemble weather forecasts require to accurately model spatial, temporal and inter-variable dependencies. Over the past years, a variety of approaches has been proposed to address this need. We provide a comprehensive review and comparison of state of the art methods for multivariate ensemble post-processing. We focus on generally applicable two-step approaches where ensemble predictions are first post-processed separately in each margin, and multivariate dependencies are restored via copula functions in a second step. The comparisons are based on simulation studies tailored to mimic challenges occurring in practical applications and allow to readily interpret the effects of different types of misspecifications in the mean, variance and covariance structure of the ensemble forecasts on the performance of the post-processing methods. Overall, we find that the Schaake shuffle provides a compelling benchmark that is difficult to outperform, whereas the forecast quality of parametric copula approaches and variants of ensemble copula coupling strongly depend on the misspecifications at hand.
Feature-based comparison of sea ice deformation in lead-permitting sea ice simulations
Authors: Hutter Nils , Losch Martin
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The sea ice modeling community is progressing towards pan-Arctic simulations that explicitly resolve leads in the simulated sea ice cover. Evaluating these simulations against observations poses new challenges. A new feature-based evaluation of simulated deformation fields is introduced, and the results are compared to a scaling analysis of sea ice deformation.
Leads and pressure ridges – here combined into linear kinematic features (LKFs) – are detected and tracked automatically from deformation and drift data.
LKFs in two pan-Arctic sea ice simulations with a horizontal grid spacing of 2 km are compared with an
LKF dataset derived from the RADARSAT Geophysical Processor System (RGPS). One simulation uses a five-class ice thickness distribution (ITD).
The simulated sea ice deformation follows a multi-fractal spatial and temporal scaling, as observed from RGPS.
The heavy-tailed distribution of LKF lengths and the scale invariance of LKF curvature, which points to the self-similar nature of sea ice deformation fields, are reproduced by the model.
Interannual and seasonal variations in the number of LKFs, LKF densities, and LKF orientations in the ITD simulation are found to be consistent with RGPS observations.
The lifetimes and growth rates follow a distribution with an exponential tail. The model overestimates the intersection angle of LKFs, which is attributed to the model's viscous-plastic rheology with an elliptical yield curve. In conclusion, the new feature-based analysis of LKF statistics is found to be useful for a comprehensive evaluation of simulated deformation features, which is required before the simulated features can be used with confidence in the context of climate studies. As such, it complements the commonly used scaling analysis and provides new useful information for comparing deformation statistics. The ITD simulation is shown to reproduce LKFs sufficiently well for it to be used for studying the effect of directly resolved leads in climate simulations. The feature-based analysis of LKFs also identifies specific model deficits that may be addressed by specific parameterizations, for example, a damage parameter, a grounding scheme, and a Mohr–Coulombic yield curve.
VoxGov Revisited
Authors: Graewingholt Megan D.
Published: January 2020

VoxGov is a cutting-edge discovery platform for finding and analyzing government information, encompassing a vast collection of official documents, legislative information, and social media content all in one place. This comprehensive resource engages researchers in fresh and dynamic ways, provides superior analytical features, and surpasses comparable products in the value and diversity of its content. For scholars, legal experts and the general public alike, the growing importance of examining the social media footprint generated by the executive branch, government agencies and legislators cannot be understated. Given the massive output and changing nature of government web presences, VoxGov is well-timed aggregator of ephemeral online content, and delivers a powerful research experience for exploring official government information in the digital age.
Políticas econômicas incrementais: o caso do tripé macroeconômico na Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil e México
Authors: Souza Luciana Rosa de , Corte Carla Cristiane Lopes
Published: January 2020

A análise das políticas econômicas na América Latina, após 1998, indica a prevalência de algum grau de convergência, sobretudo pela utilização do chamado tripé macroeconômico. Neste artigo discutimos o papel da política econômica aplicada em diferentes países da região, respeitando o enfoque histórico-comparativo, no intuito de demonstrar que o incrementalismo em políticas públicas exerceu influência nas políticas econômicas. O artigo foi dividido em duas partes (além da introdução e das considerações finais). Na primeira, analisamos os aspectos históricos relacionados ao surgimento do tripé macroeconômico no bojo do Novo Consenso Macroeconômico (NCM) e suas relações com o incrementalismo em políticas públicas. Na parte que segue apresentamos as experiências latino-americanas no uso do tripé macroeconômico. A questão que norteou a pesquisa foi: as políticas econômicas aplicadas na América Latina, após 1998, foram convergentes?
The Pathology of the Future, or the Endless Triumphs of Life
Authors: Edelman Lee
Published: January 2020

At once engaging de Man and revealing the ambivalent moves between futurity and non-development which saturate that famous reading, Edelman uncovers in Shelley a historical pathologization of the turn to life, and its attending complications. As a subtle critique of recent theoretical valuations of life in both Romanticism and biopolitics, Edelman argues for a tropic dismantling of the necessity of “life”: Shorn of the future-bound elements of those discussions, life is considered otherwise in terms of a darker movement that cannot be lived and yet at the same time, is inextricable from what we think normative “life” might be.
Goya’s Scarcity
Authors: Clark David L.
Published: January 2020

Clark meditates on the Spanish artist’s “unsparing vision of the degradation of humanity.” Clark not only revisits the images of humiliation, torture, and horror that engraved in this series, he asks what it means to “think Goya” today, a Goya who “imagines the worst and dwells with it.” Clark not only looks at the artist’s images but reads them, including the simple but arresting caption about seeing that Goya affixes to the engravings: “I saw it” (Yo lo vi). Clark’s Goya is the artist who not only confronts us with a horror to behold but who demands that we tarry uncomfortably with the images we behold and with the act of beholding. Clark concludes with a reflection on the notion of the political funeral of ACT UP as a form of mobilization profoundly proximate to the kind of thinking that Goya allows.
The Walter Scott Experience
Authors: Goode Mike
Published: January 2020

Goode explores how Scott’s “potent historical fictions,” their “historically resigned but elegiac narrative of the Jacobite rebellions,” are deployed by Jefferson Davis, former President of the Southern Confederacy, to make sense of the “noble lost cause” of the American Civil War. For Goode, Scott’s own narrative “revivification” is best understood as an “ontological project of historical reenactment,” one that not only found resonance with apologists of the vanquished Confederacy but that is literalized in the long-running fantasy spectacle of the “living history museum” at “colonial” Williamsburg, Virginia.
Free Indirect Filmmaking
Authors: Balfour Ian
Published: January 2020

Balfour examines how Amy Heckerling’s Clueless, “arguably the best adaptation of an Austen novel for the silver screen,” comes closest formally to “revivifying” cinematically the “temporary uncertainty” of Austen’s signature stylistic innovation, the blending of “third- and first-person perspective in a single sentence, improbably conjoining objective and subjective elements in one and the same utterance.”
Prophecy, Spoken Otherwise: In the Language of Aeschylus’s Cassandra
Authors: Mendicino Kristina
Published: January 2020

No reading of prophetic language, and no reading of Humboldt’s reflections on language, could proceed without attending closely to Cassandra’s speech in the Agamemnon, to which this chapter is devoted. There, it will turn out that translation is the original problem of prophecy, as her utterances cross the registers of vision and speech; Greek and Trojan; human and divine tongues—whereby the divine source that is said to burn through her proves to be itself undecidable, at once reminiscent of the Furies and of their enemy, the oracular God Apollo. While Cassandra’s speech has repeatedly been described in the terms of the sublime, beginning with the earliest Greek hypothesis appended to the play, through Wilhelm von Humboldt’s preface to his Agamemnon, what is most striking about her language is not the past and future horrors of the House of Atreus that her words appear to summon, but, as the chorus will say, her “speaking of an other-speaking city” (1200–1), in another speech that also removes these Argive elders from their proper language.
Banking Risk Analysis in Tunisia: A Case Study of BTE Bank
Authors: Khanchel Hanen
Published: January 2020

The banking activity represents a strategic sector of sustainable economic development in Tunisia. Hence, Tunisian banks have the status of financial institutions that earn profits by providing financial services to customers by dealing with risks. Therefore, lending decisions for these establishments are strategic as they can avoid the risk of loan recourse. However, the assessment of borrowing sanctions in Tunisian banks is based on credit rating models. Consequently, it is important to assess the riskiness of the banking sector in Tunisia. Indeed, Tunisian banks have kept voluminous data concerning their clienteles which can be considered as critical knowledge assets which can be processed via underwritten credit management tools. This tools denote a recent development of statistical techniques and promising tools of data mining and data processing. The current study attempts to develop the rating model as a decision support system to credit approval evaluation at Tunisian banks based on applicant’s characteristics; the proposed model is mainly based on quantitative and qualitative criteria can be used to help credit officers make better decisions when evaluating future loan applications. A real-world credit application of cases of both granted and rejected applications from BTE bank was employed to develop the rating model. The experimental outcomes showed that this approach area promising addition to the existing classification methods. It therefore requires a high responsibility and commitment of managers in the process of evaluation and decision-making to reduce both the risk of default and the risk of debt distress.
Construction of Authorial Identity in Academic Research Articles: From the Perspective of Evidentiality
Authors: Song Wenxiu
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the construction of authorial identity in academic research articles from the perspective of evidentiality through analyzing 12 academic research articles selected at random from Applied Linguistics, Corpus Pragmatics and Journal of Pragmatics. It is found that the rational employment of evidentials in academic research articles contributes to the construction of authorial identity from the respect of author’s authority and reliability, which is reflected in the choice of evidentials.
Anxiety and Stress in In-service Chinese University Teachers of Arts
Authors: Liu Meihua , Yi Yan
Published: January 2020

As revealed by literature, anxiety and stress are complicated yet serious issues among teachers at all educational levels. Though widely studied, research on them often focuses on pre-service or primary and middle school teachers, with little research on in-service university teachers. It is especially so in China. The present study thus examined anxiety, stress and their relations with demographic variables in in-service university teachers in China. 256 teachers from various universities in China answered the Demographic Questionnaire, the Teaching Anxiety Scale and the Teacher Stress Inventory. Analyses of the data revealed the following main findings: (1) the participants were under great stress, but they were generally not so anxious about teaching, (2) teaching anxiety was generally significantly negatively correlated with age, professional title and years of teaching, while teacher stress was significantly negatively related to professional title, and (3) overall teacher stress, professional title and age were powerful predictors for teaching anxiety, while years of teaching, overall teaching anxiety and its subscales were powerful predictors for teacher stress. Based on these findings, some implications are discussed.
Leadership Styles Prevailing for Faculty Members at the College of Education in Al-Delam from the Point of View of its Female Students
Authors: Qaralleh Thikryat Jibril
Published: January 2020

The current study aimed to get acquainted with the students’ point of view of the leadership styles practiced by the faculty members at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University" College of Education in Dammam as a model "and to know if there were differences in the response of female students to the fields of the study tool according to the difference in the study variables". The study adopted descriptive research, field analysis and a questionnaire consisting of "the autocratic style, democratic stratification, and the facilitative style" was developed distributed to a sample of (31%). The findings of the study showed that the general arithmetic mean for the responses of the sample members to the paragraphs that measure the prevailing leadership styles of the faculty members from the point of view of its students has come with an average degree of appreciation and the democratic style has ranked first, followed by the second autocratic style and finally the facilitative style. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the field of (democratic style) due to the age that female students from different age groups agree that faculty members practice a democratic style. Finally, the results showed that there are statistically significant differences between the values of the arithmetic mean for the responses of the sample members towards the questionnaires of the study tool according to the variable of the type of department on the tool as a whole. The study made several recommendations, including: Urging the faculty members to practice the democratic leadership style and to avoid the practice of the authoritarian leadership style.
Sclerotherapy for Venous Malformations of Head and Neck: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: De Maria Lucio , De Sanctis Paolo , Balakrishnan Karthik , Tollefson Megha , Brinjikji Waleed
Published: January 2020

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies performing sclerotherapy for treatment of venous malformations (VMs) of the face, head and neck. It is our hope that data from this study could be used to better inform providers and patients regarding the benefits and risks of percutaneous sclerotherapy for treatment of face, head and neck VMs. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE from 2000–2018 for studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of percutaneous sclerotherapy of neck, face and head VMs. Two independent reviewers selected studies and abstracted data. The primary outcomes were complete and partial resolution of the VM. Data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis. Thirty-seven studies reporting on 2,067 patients were included. The overall rate of complete cure following percutaneous sclerotherapy with any agent was 64.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 57.4–72.0%). Sodium tetradecyl sulfate had the lowest complete cure rate at 55.5% (95% CI, 36.1–74.9%) while pingyangmycin had the highest cure rate at 82.9% (95% CI, 71.1–94.7%). Overall patient satisfaction rates were 91.0% (95% CI, 86.1–95.9%). Overall quality of life improvement was 78.9% (95% CI, 67.0–90.8%). Overall permanent morbidity/mortality was 0.8% (95% CI, 0.3–1.3%) with no cases of mortality. Our systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 studies and over 2,000 patients found that percutaneous sclerotherapy is a very safe and effective treatment modality for treatment of VMs of the head, neck and face.
Open Innovation and CSR, Determinants in Logistics and Performance in Commercial SMES
Authors: Valdez-Juárez Luis Enrique , Ramos-Escobar Elva Alicia , Gúzman Gonzalo Maldonado , Ruiz-Zamora José Alonso
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of open innovation and corporate environmental social responsibility on logistics and performance that is manifested in SMEs. The research is based on a sample of 101 companies located in the Guaymas Sonora region located in the Northwest of Mexico. The data collection was carried out in a period between September and November 2019, with the support of a structured self-directed survey of the company manager. For the analysis and validation of the results, the statistical technique of structural equation modeling (SEM) based on variance through PLS (Partial Least Square) has been used. The results indicate that open innovation and environmental corporate social responsibility have a significant influence on the logistics processes of SMEs, and that logistics is also a business practice that allows to increase Performance. The work contributes to the development of the literature and theory of dynamic capabilities and sustainability.
Impact of Currency Redenomination on an Economy: An Evidence of Ghana
Authors: Obuobi Bright , Nketiah Emmanuel , Awuah Faustina , Agyeman Fredrick Oteng , Ofosu Deborah , Adu-Gyamfi Gibbson , Adjei Mavis , Amadi Adelaide Gyanwah
Published: January 2020

The main objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of currency redenomination on the Ghanaian economy. Since independence in 1957, Ghana has had series of redenomination exercises but the recent one which became a debatable topic happened in 2007. As a result, the study is conducted to determine the pre and post-performance of the country using 2007 as the benchmark. This research takes into consideration the quantitative research technique based on ex-post factor design. Secondary data of the research variables (GDP, Economic growth, Balance of trade, inflation, FDI and Globalization index) were used over a 20-year period between 1997 and 2017. Analytical techniques of both descriptive statistics and independent sample test were used for the research. The t-test for equality of means adopted was to determine the statistically significant difference on the economic variables. The study also used the Levene’s test of equality of variance assumed. It was concluded that, currency redenomination is beneficial to an economy’s growth. It was therefore recommended that, the government of Ghana initiates policies that will boost local production to support the exercise so as to increase GDP and other associated economic variables.
IT Tools and Performance Indicators: A Qualitative Overview of Managerial, Organizational, Financial Strategies within Healthcare Sector
Authors: Remondino Marco
Published: January 2020

The work examines the different healthcare contexts in which innovation has been applied, or could be applied, resulting in cost containment and increased quality and efficiency of medical care services. In addition, the different factors influencing the adoption of information technologies in the national healthcare systems of the European Union are discussed, in particular as regards the existence of structural barriers. Innovation is defined as the creation of something still not existing, to be uses for new products and services or for more efficient processes and is therefore linked to change, because innovation requires change.

Information technology (IT) is described as the acquisition, processing and storage of data by a computing product. This work qualitatively analyses use cases, which are in turn based on quantitative research methodologies (i.e. performance indicators), commonly based on the manipulation of independent variables to generate statistically analyzable data, which guarantees objectivity and provides greater data reliability.

Studies have been conducted to observe current trends in access to information technology across different age groups, to detect the existence of correlations between Internet users and online healthcare information searches. In this work, several Italian initiatives for the diffusion of IT applications in the healthcare sector have been analyzed. Some of the ongoing pilot projects include the collaboration of the Politecnico di Milano, through the establishment of the Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies (TBMLab), and the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna of Pisa, to carry out research on eHealth activities and to promote the development of home automation systems for patients with disabilities. The HHC-MOTES model should also be noted, which aims to analyze the implementation of IT in the healthcare (HHC) sector from the point of view of sustainability in the management, organizational, technological, environmental and social fields (MOTES).
Waiting for the US Grand Strategy on China. A Summary of Findings and Recommendations of the US-China Security Review Commission in 2002–2018.
Authors: Kubiak Adam
Published: January 2020

The article is a summary of works of almost two decades of the US-China Security Review Commission. As the US Congress notices the challenges posed by China to a wide spectrum of US interests and orders the US President to develop a comprehensive strategy on China, author highlights that such an awareness was already present among US officials much earlier. Article focuses on three key areas, i.e.: geostrategic posture, military posture and technological development, anticipating, that most of the problem defined by the Commission in these areas have not been eliminated and are most likely to be observed by the creator of the upcoming strategy. Author argues that China has a significant advantage over US, resulting from two major factors. First, its the inflow of capital followed by inflow of US technologies to Chinese industries and businesses. Second, it’s the centrally planned and governed Chinese system that allows CCP to steer the economy and society with higher predictability, as opposed to freedom-based economy on the US side, which is independent of the Congressional/ Administrational guidance.
The article’s overall goal is to allow readers a better insight into the Presidential Strategy on China, which is to be published 180 days from the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2019.
UWAGI O FORMALNYCH I PRAKTYCZNYCH WARUNKACH
KORZYSTANIA Z UPRAWNIEŃ POLICJANTÓW
ZAWARTYCH W ART. 15 I ART. 16 USTAWY O POLICJI
PRZEZ ŻOŁNIERZY SIŁ ZBROJNYCH
RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ
Authors: Hac Piotr
Published: January 2020

W artykule przedstawiono
podstawy prawne użycia Sił Zbrojnych
Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w razie zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa publicznego lub
zakłócenia porządku publicznego, przede
wszystkim koncentrując uwagę na możliwości korzystania przez żołnierzy
z uprawnień policyjnych wynikających
z zapisów art. 15 i art. 16 ustawy o Policji.
W drugiej części artykułu wyszczególniono przewidywane zagrożenia i sytuacje,
w których może nastąpić potrzeba wykorzystania żołnierzy do zaprowadzenia
porządku, pokazano czynniki determinujące podjęcie decyzji o użyciu wojska,
sposoby działania i związane z tym niebezpieczeństwa. Reasumując przedstawione treści, autor wyszczególnił i opisał
wynikające z ich analizy wnioski oraz
zalecenia
Hazard on-line jako zjawisko świata
wirtualnego
Authors: Skowronek Grzegorz
Published: January 2020

Hazard on-line to zjawisko będące następstwem rozwoju Internetu. To jedno ze zdarzeń, do jakich dochodzi w wirtualnej cyberprzestrzeni, obok takich działań, jak przesyłanie informacji, czy kupowanie towarów. Przy czym ogromna popularność e-hazardu, sprawiła, że przyciągnął do siebie szereg zagrożeń, w tym wszedł w obszar zainteresowania zorganizowanych grup przestępczych. Autor przedmiotowego artykułu przede wszystkim skupia się na zdefiniowaniu pojęcia hazard on-line, wyodrębnia usługi hazardowe oferowane w Internecie, ale też zwraca uwagę na zagrożenia, jakie niesie rozwój nielegalnego e-hazardu. Gruntowna analiza przedmiotowego zagadnienia pozwala na wyciągnięcie wniosku, że specyfika Internetu jest siłą rozwoju e-hazardu. Dodatkowo cechy Internetu sprawiają, iż wielu graczy nie ma większych oporów, aby sięgać po produkt z obszaru e-hazardu, nie wnikając, czy jest nielegalny, czy legalny
System kompetencji służb państwowych
w zakresie bezpieczeństwa Polski — analiza
i postulaty
Authors: Łabuz Paweł
Published: January 2020

Autorzy artykułu przedstawiają szczegółowo zasadnicze aspekty kompetencyjne funkcjonujących
w Polsce służb państwowych na przykładzie Straży Granicznej i Biura Ochrony Rządu. Dokonując ich analizy taktyczno-prawnej, starają się jednocześnie
argumentować w kwestiach niewłaściwości obecnego ich funkcjonowania oraz
wskazywać zmiany legislacyjne tworzące nowe rozwiązania kompetencyjne dla
obecnych lub nowo utworzonych służb
państwowych, wykonujących zadania
ochronno-porządkowe w Polsce
Zastosowanie planowania scenariuszowego
w naukach o bezpieczeństwie
Authors: Penc-Pietrzak Ilona
Published: January 2020

e: Planowanie scenariuszowe stanowi jedną z metod analizy strategicznej, która jest niezwykle
przydatna w formułowaniu strategii
w dynamicznym otoczeniu. Polega ona
na opracowywaniu scenariuszy otoczenia, opisujących możliwy przebieg
wydarzeń na danym obszarze i w określonej perspektywie czasowej. Scenariusze mogą mieć różną formę, zakres
i sposób konstrukcji. Umożliwiają analizę wpływu różnorodnych czynników
i wydarzeń na takie podmioty, jak
przedsiębiorstwo, branża, państwo czy
struktura międzynarodowa.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie
metod scenariuszowych oraz ich zastosowania w naukach o bezpieczeństwie.
Scenariusze te mogą być wykorzystywane do sformułowania wariantów strategii bezpieczeństwa lub stanowić punkt
odniesienia do monitorowania środowiska bezpieczeństwa w celu podjęcia
działań ochronnych lub wykorzystania
pojawiających się szans.
Identifying, Construing, and Bridging over Media Borders
Authors: Elleström Lars , Cieślak Filip
Published: January 2020

The article will center on the necessary but always problematic notion of media borders, which
has since long been scrutinized by intermedial studies. My initial observation is that it is impossible
to navigate in one’s material and mental surrounding if one does not categorize objects and
phenomena; without categorizations everything would be a blur – diffi cult to grasp and to explain.
However, categorization requires borders, and borders can and should always be disputed. The area of communication is not an exception: on one hand it is necessary to somehow categorize media into types, and on the other hand it is not evident how these categorizations should be made. My aim is not to argue in favor of or against certain ways of classifying communicative media, but to try to explain some of the functions and limitations of media borders. I argue, in brief, that there are different types of media borders and hence different types of media types; if these differences are not recognized, the understanding of media categorization will remain confused. Whereas some media borders are relatively stable, others are more subject to change; therefore, media borders can be understood to be both identifi ed and construed. However, in the end virtually all media borders can be bridged over through our cross-modal cognitive capacities.
TRANSPOZYCJA DYREKTYWY PARLAMENTU
EUROPEJSKIEGO I RADY W SPRAWIE ZWALCZANIA
TERRORYZMU DO POLSKIEGO SYSTEMU PRAWNEGO
Authors: Aleksandrowicz Tomasz
Published: January 2020

Artykuł poświęcony
jest problematyce dyrektywy Parlamentu
Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie
zwalczania terroryzmu z 15 marca
2017 r. i jej transpozycji do polskiego
systemu prawnego. Po wyjaśnieniu
kwestii formalnych dotyczących zastąpienia
przez dyrektywę obowiązującej
dotychczas decyzji ramowej Rady
w sprawie zwalczania terroryzmu,
autor analizuje zakres przedmiotowy
dyrektywy i wskazuje na jej miejsce
w systemie prawnym Unii Europejskiej
w kontekście zwalczania terroryzmu.
Na tym tle autor prezentuje elementy
polskiego systemu prawnego, wskazując
regulacje pozwalające uznać,
że Rzeczpospolita Polska dokonała
transpozycji omawianej dyrektywy
uznając, że kluczowe miejsce zajmują
w nim trzy regulacje: kodeks karny,
kodeks postepowania karnego i ustawa
o działaniach antyterrorystycznych.
We wnioskach autor, formułując uwagi
de lege ferenda, zgłasza postulat uzupełnienia
regulacji dotyczących jurysdykcji
o kwestie związane z możliwością
karania osób — obywateli RP i cudzoziemców
— w związku ze zjawiskiem
„turystyki terrorystycznej”.
REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION OF IASP – PAIN 160 (2019) 1494–1501: Migraine understood as a sensory threshold disease
Authors: Peng Kuan-Po , Maya Arne
Published: January 2020

Migraine encompasses a broader spectrum of sensory symptoms than just headache. These “other”
symptoms, eg, sensory phobias, cognitive and mood changes, allodynia, and many others indicate an altered
sensitivity to sensory input which can be measured, in principle, by quantifying sensory threshold changes
longitudinally over time. Photophobia, for example, can be quantified by investigating the discomfort thresholds
towards the luminance of light. The aim of this review is to look into how thresholds change in patients with
migraine. We performed a PubMed search up to June 2018 targeting all peer-reviewed articles evaluating the
changes in threshold, sensory phobia, or sensitivity in patients with migraine. Migraineurs, in general, exhibit lower
sensory thresholds compared with healthy controls. These threshold changes seem to follow the different phases
during a migraine cycle. In general, thresholds reach a nadir when the headache starts (the ictal phase), rise after
the headache ends, and then gradually descend towards the next attack. The sensory modality of measurement – mechanical, thermal, or nociceptive – and the location of measurement –trigeminal vs somatic dermatome –
also influence the sensory threshold. Functional imaging studies provide evidence that the hypothalamo-thalamobrainstem
network may be the driving force behind the periodic threshold changes. In summary, there is evidence
in the literature that migraine could be understood as a periodic sensory dysregulation originating from the brain.
Nevertheless, the interstudy discrepancy is still high due to different study designs and a lack of focus on distinct
migraine phases. Further well-designed and harmonized studies with an emphasis on the cyclic changes still need
to be conducted.
MEDIACJA JAKO ALTERNATYWNA METODA ROZWIĄZYWANIA SPRAW W POSTĘPOWANIU SĄDOWOADMINISTRACYJNYM I ADMINISTRACYJNYM
Authors: Muzyczka Karolina
Published: January 2020

Zainteresowanie alternatywnymi sposobami rozwiązywania sporów, a co za tym idzie, samą instytucją mediacji nastąpiło wraz z przeobrażeniami ustrojowymi przełomu lat 80. i 90. XX w. oraz z inicjacją procesów integracji ze Wspólnotami Europejskimi. Obecnie w wielu krajach europejskich jednym z głównych elementów rządowych programów rozwiązywania sporów jednostki z władzą publiczną są mediacje. Projektodawcy, dostrzegając problemy występujące w postępowaniach administracyjnych: ich przewlekłość, czasem nadmierny lub niewłaściwie pojmowany formalizm oraz władczy charakter relacji, zaproponowali rozwiązania, które mają przyczynić się do bardziej partnerskiego podejścia administracji do obywateli gwarantujący uczestnictwo społeczeństwa w sprawowaniu władztwa administracyjnego. Mediacja to niekonfrontacyjny sposób doprowadzenia do załatwienia sprawy przy udziale bezstronnego i neutralnego mediatora.
THE QUASI-LEGISLATIVE MEASURES OF INTERNATIONAL CORPORATIONS
Authors: Braun Tomasz
Published: January 2020

The contemporary impact of international corporates on individuals and societies is obvious and multifaced. It manifests in various ways. The multinationals determine individual and collective tastes, needs and customs. Firstly, they do it through the supply of goods and services. But there is also a second – quasi-legislative layer of this. They shape their environment through the soft norms they issue. The researches prove that socio-cultural changes are both: created and addressed by international corporates that actively participate informing them by regulating lives of individuals and the entire societies. At the bottom of this phenomenon is the question if the measures introduced by them can be seen as the (soft) type of laws or not. The findings are undoubted: they are the norms of a trans-border impact, they cross the jurisdictional boundaries. A matter of scientific reflection is our ability to fully understand and assess this impact? It appears clear is that this impact changes the economic behaviors and the social expectations. It also has a strong cultural dimension. Moreover, it may influence the politics – we witness the situation where the way the international corporations act (or just tolerate some actions) has an impact on shifting political powers. Of course, there are also plenty of good examples of the corporates engagements like public pledges that raise quality of peoples’ lives or limit the nature imprint, CSR activities, codes of ethics that promote desired behaviors across the cultures etc. The lawyers’ question is whether the norms (global standards, published principles, policies, codes of conduct, instructions, recommendations, guidelines, terms of reference, manuals etc.) introduced by mighty international corporates are laws or non-laws. If indeed they are informal laws, the corporates’ law-making is hardly controlled given the limited reach of states versus the international coverage of the corporates.
LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Kos Agnieszka , Gudowska Bogna
Published: January 2020

The article concerns one of the most popular phenomena in the business currently, which is corporate social responsibility (Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR). Its authors discuss the legal dimension of CSR and the attempts to define it in European documents and international standards. The analysis focuses on the SA 8000, ISO 26000 and AA 1000 standards.
The article also discusses the economic dimension of CSR as a part of the company's strategy, especially in the face of growing trends related to sustainable economic development, growing consumer awareness and the need to address the socio-ethical issues of production or trade. It is also proposed to divide the economic aspects of CSR by their tangibility or intangibility. The impact of CSR on the financial results of enterprises is also discussed.
La alegoría en Baudelaire
Authors: Merita Blat Luis
Published: January 2020

Interpreto Les fleurs du mal de Baudelaire a partir principalmente de los conceptos ofrecidos por la teoría del arte de Adorno, en un diálogo que busca la coherencia hermenéutica del poeta con las aportaciones para su comprensión de Benjamin, Jauss y Gadamer. Con el horizonte puesto en la relación entre lo artístico y el saber, distingo cuatro constelaciones de sentido en los poemas baudelairianos: la construcción alegórica de la realidad, el poeta autointerpretado como arquitecto, la poética del recuerdo y el spleen, desde cuyos marcos interpretativos esbozo materiales para una posible historia de la belleza en la modernidad.

I interpret Les fleurs du mal de Baudelaire mainly from the concepts offered by Adorno's theory of art, in a dialogue that seeks the hermeneutic coherence of the poet with the contributions for his understanding of Benjamin, Jauss and Gadamer. With the horizon set in the relationship between the artistic and the knowledge, I distinguish four constellations of meaning of Baudelairean poems: the allegorical construction of reality, the self-interpreted poet as an architect, the poetics of memory and spleen, from whose interpretative frameworks I sketch materials for a possible history of beauty in modernity.
Crisis orgánica, hegemonía y populismo. Una reflexión sobre el ensayo político español contemporáneo
Authors: Soto Carrasco David
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar acerca de algunas de las líneas interpretativas por las que ha transitado el ensayo político español, bajo influencia gramsciana, en el debate sobre la crisis política y social que ha vivido España en los últimos años. Una crisis que fue entendida por algunos actores como crisis de régimen e incluso crisis orgánica y, para otros, como una crisis de representación o de legitimidad. En primer lugar, se advierte la proliferación del ensayo político español que trata de cuestionar los consensos nacidos durante la Transición y disputar los relatos consolidados. En segundo lugar, se abordan algunas de las aportaciones ensayísticas que analizaron la emergencia de un nuevo actor político y electoral, el partido político español Podemos, como consecuencia de la crisis política y que plantearon la existencia de movimiento populista bajo el marco teórico desarrollo por Laclau y Mouffe. En último lugar, se examinan algunos textos que revelan el cambio en el momento histórico español, tras los procesos electores del 2015 y 2016 y expresan cierto cierre del momento populista en España. Se concluye con una valoración crítica sobre desarrollo ideológico experimentado por Podemos.

The objective of this work is to reflect on some of the interpretative lines through which the political essay has travelled in the Spanish political essay. The approach would be by the Gramscian influence on political and social crisis that Spain has experienced in recent years. A crisis that was understood as a regime or as an organic crisis. It is also understood as a crisis of representation or legitimacy. In first place, we can see the proliferation of Spanish political essays, in a Gramscian key, which try to question the consensus born during the Transition and to dispute the consolidated accounts. In second place, some of the essays contributions that analysed the emergence of a new political and electoral actor, the Spanish political party Podemos, as a consequence of the political crisis and which has raised the existence of a populist movement under the theoretical framework of Laclau and Mouffe. Lastly, some texts reveal the change in the historical moment after the elective processes of 2015 and 2016 and it is expressed certain closure of the populist moment in Spain. It concludes with a critical assessment of ideological development experienced by Podemos.