bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low cost callus regeneration for production of phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
Authors: Singh Madhulika , Jaiswal Grijesh , Yadav Amarjeet
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was carried out to develop an efficient protocol for low cost secondary metabolite production through in vitro callus culture of a medicinal herb Withania somnifera. The leaf explants, excised from the shoots collected from university campus, were cultured under different experimental conditions for in vitro callus induction and growth. The experimental conditions were optimized for reducing the cost of in vitro callusing medium. In the callusing medium double distilled water was replaced by reverse osmosis water, sucrose by table sugar and by lowering (0.7 % w/v) agar concentration instead of 0.8 %. Different concentration and combinations of 2,4-D and Kinetin were tested for callus induction and growth from leaf tissue. The leaf explant cultured on 0.7 % (w/v) agar gelled MS medium prepared with RO water and having 4.50 µM 2,4-D and 4.65 µM Kn were found best for callus induction. The cost of this medium was 11 times lower than the normal medium. The callus obtained on this medium was dried at room temperature and extraction of phytochemicals from dried callus was performed by using methanol as solvent. The methanolic extract of callus showed the presence of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activity.
Variation in tropical and temperate carrot (Daucus carota var. sativa L.) genotypes
Authors: Singh D. , Dhillon T.S. , Singh R. , Dhankhar Surender Singh , Chawla N. , Duhan A.
Published: August 2023

Widespread genetic variation occurs across carrot germplasm, and the assessment of variability provides an important foundation to take advantage of that variation for future carrot improvement. The present investigation was carried out to study the variability, heritability and genetic gain for nineteen traits in carrot. Genotypes PC-161, PC-15, PC-173 (tropical), PCO-30, PCO-5, PCO-7, PCP-2, PCP-1 and PCP-17B (temperate) were found to be superior with respect to highest total and marketable yield. Magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters which indicated role of environment on the character expression. Quantitative traits like total sugar content (%), carotene content (mg/100g), anthocyanin content(mg/100g) and lycopene content (mg/100g) had higher values of GCV, heritability and genetic gain and were found most important traits for applying selection in carrot for crop improvement.
Influence of nitrogen to phosphorus supply ratio on growth, yield and biochemical parameters of kalonji (Nigella sativa L.)
Authors: Tabassum N. , Mahmood R. , Shafiq M. , Ali M. , Hashmi M.
Published: August 2023

Kalonji (Nigella sativa L.) is an important medicinal plant, cultivated as a rabi crop in Pakistan. A hydroponic sand culture experiment was conducted to know the effect of N:P supply ratio at two N and P supply levels on kalonji. N:P ratios maintained in nutrient solution ranged from 2 to 18 at two levels of N and P designated as high and low. The plants produced more biomass and seeds with higher antioxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoids at high N and P supply levels. Biological weight, seed weight, antioxidant activity and total phenolics were not affected by N:P supply ratio. However, high N:P supply ratios i.e. 15 and 18 reduced total flavonoids in kalonji seeds. N uptake by the plant was not influenced by N:P supply ratio however, P uptake was found maximum at ratios 6 to 9. It is concluded from the results that kalonji plants with better quality seeds can be more successfully grown if N:P supply ratio is maintained at or near 7 in the growth medium
Actinidia interspecific hybrids: Valuable resources for the selection and breeding of kiwifruit rootstocks
Authors: Marcellán O. , Briguglio M. , Irastorza J. , Godoy C. , Murcia M.
Published: August 2023

Interspecific hybridization is an effective way to create desirable rootstocks for grafting of fruit crops such as kiwifruit. Previous studies showed that interspecific hybrids in the genus Actinidia could be obtained through in vitro embryo culture. In attempts to develop vigor-controlling rootstocks, conventional intraploid crosses between two species that differ in the vigor of their root systems-A. arguta (Issai selection) and A. chinensis var deliciosa (four male genotypes)-were successfully performed without resorting to embryo rescue. A wide variation in root architecture characteristics was detected among the hybrid progenies. The identification of hybrids with less vigorous root systems than those of A. chinensis var deliciosa further highlights the potential of the intraploid hybridization between these species to develop rootstocks with size-controlling potential for kiwifruit. Statistically significant effects of male parent on seed set (xenia), and percentage of germination and normal hybrid seedlings were also detected in this investigation.
Physico-chemical variability in the fruits of Theichhungsen (Haematocarpus validus (Miers.) Bakh. F. ex. Forman)- A potential source of natural food colour
Authors: Lalduhawma P.B. , . Vanlalvenhima , Lalrindika Elija , Chawngthu Albana L. , Lalhlenmawia H. , Khawlhring Chhungpuii
Published: August 2023

Haematocarpus validus is a promising fruit plant with an intense red fruit pulp that can be used as a natural food color source. The species can grow in the wild in its natural state, and it has not yet been successfully domesticated on a large scale. Fruit samples of H. validus were collected from various locations for this study, and the morphology and biochemical properties of the fruit were investigated. Observations revealed that the morphological characteristics and biochemical content of fruits collected from different geographical locations differ substantially. Furthermore, the findings of this study will serve as a starting point for future scientific research into the fruit’s potential, which includes serving as a natural source of food colour.
Analysis of Service Quality in Pharmaceutical Installations on Outpatient Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Tarigan Jingkat , Nadapdap Thomson P , Syamsul Darwin , Tarigan Andini Mentari
Published: August 2023

Pharmaceutical services are direct and responsible services to patients relating to pharmaceutical preparations with the aim of achieving definite results to improve the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of service in the Pharmacy Installation on the satisfaction of outpatients in the Kabanjahe Regional General Hospital. Research conducted is quantitative with cross sectional approach. The study population was all outpatients in the Pharmacy Installation of the Kabanjahe District General Hospital, amounting to 13,359 in November 2018-January 2019. Samples taken were 87 people, obtained using proportional sampling techniques. Data obtained by interview and observation using a questionnaire, analyzed by Multiple Logistic Regression Test at α = 0.05. The results of the multiple logistic statistical tests show that there is a significant influence of the reliability variable (p = 0.023), concern (p = 0.032), direct evidence (p = 0.016) on patient satisfaction. Concern variable gave the greatest influence on patient satisfaction in the Outpatient Pharmacy of the Kabanjahe Regional General Hospital with (Exp value (B) of 146,434). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant influence on reliability, care and direct evidence on patient satisfaction. It is recommended to the management of the Kabanjahe Regional General Hospital to provide punishment for officers who have not been optimal in providing services and to increase the reliability, care, and direct evidence of officers to improve patient satisfaction.
Binary Honey Badger Algorithm for 0-1 Knapsack Problem
Authors: ORUCOVA BÜYÜKÖZ Gülşen , HAKLI Hüseyin
Published: August 2023

Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA) is one of the recently proposed optimization techniques inspired by the foraging behavior of honey badger. Although it has been successfully applied in solving continuous problems, the algorithm cannot be implemented directly in binary problems. A binary version of HBA is proposed in this study for the 0-1 Knapsack Problem (0-1 KP). To adapt the binary version of HBA, V- Shaped, S-Shaped, U-Shaped, T-Shaped, Tangent Sigmoid, O-Shaped, and Z-Shaped transfer functions are used. Each transfer function was tested by computational experiments over 25 instances of 0-1 KP and compared results. According to the results obtained, it was observed that O1 was the best TF among 25 TFs. In addition, the proposed algorithm was compared with three different binary variants, such as BPSO, MBPSO, and NGHS. Experimental results and comparison show that the proposed method is a promising and alternative algorithm for 0-1 KP problems.
Analyzing Big Social Data for Evaluating Environment-Friendly Tourism in Turkey
Authors: ALRAHHAL Mahmud , BOZKURT Ferhat
Published: August 2023

Tourism in Türkiye is fundamentally important for both the Turkish economy and travelers. Green tourism has gained increasing attention in the last few years. Analyzing big social data for evaluating environment-friendly tourism in Türkiye is important to gain an understanding of the factors impacting travelers' intention to echo-friendly hotels. To meet the goal of the study, the data was retrieved from the Tripadvisor website using a crawling technique. Machine learning techniques, particularly Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), were utilized to discover satisfaction dimensions from the user-generated content. The k-means clustering approach was deployed for data segmentation. Finally, the online reviews classification model was trained and compared using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). The obtained results reveal several important dimensions that impact tourists' experience.
Yapay Sinir Ağları ve Derin Öğrenme Algoritmalarının Kripto Para Fiyat Tahmininde Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
Authors: ODABAŞI Müberra Beyza , CENGİZ TOKLU Merve
Published: August 2023

Gelişen teknolojinin sağladığı olanaklar sayesinde internet kullanımıyla gerçekleştirilen işlemlerde artış olmuş ve bu da verilerde artışa neden olmuştur. Bu durum işletmeler için verilerin güvenli bir şekilde saklanması, paylaşılması, kontrolünün sağlaması ve yönetilmesine yönelik yeni teknoloji ihtiyacı doğurmuştur. Bu kapsamda faydalanılabilecek güncel teknolojilerden birisi de blok zinciri (Blockchain) yapısıdır. Blok zinciri yapısı birçok alanda kullanılabilecek bir teknoloji olup günümüzde en popüler kullanım alanı kripto paralar üzerinde olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada önemli alt kripto para birimlerinden biri olan Polkadot kripto para birimi için tahminleme işlemi yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada 20.08.2020 ve 27.02.2023 tarihleri arasındaki veriler kullanılmış olup, bu verilere göre çıktı değer olarak günlük ortalama Polkadot değerinin tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Girdi değerleri için kümeler iki farklı şekilde oluşturulmuştur. İlk girdi değerlerinde; Polkadot YouTube arama sayısı, Polkadot Google arama sayısı ve Polkadot hacmi kullanılmıştır. İkinci girdi değerlerinde ise ilk girdi değerlerinden farklı olarak alt kripto paraların lideri Ethereum eklenmiştir. İki farklı girdi yapısından oluşan bu çalışmada Polkadot para birimi günlük ortalama değerlerinin tahminlenebilmesi için yapay sinir ağlarında çok katmanlı algılayıcılar ile derin öğrenme yöntemlerinden olan uzun kısa süreli bellek yapısı kullanılarak tahminleme çalışması yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde elde edilen yapay sinir ağlarında 4 girdi kümesinden oluşan değerlerin 0,93 korelasyon katsayısı ile daha iyi sonuç verdiği belirlenmiştir.
Effects of nitric oxide, spermidine, and salicylic acid signaling and their crosstalk with each other in the production of commercially important stevioside content and drought stress responses in Stevia rebaudiana bertoni
Authors: ŞAHİN Günce
Published: August 2023

The leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni contain steviol glycosides (SGs), which provide the sweet taste of stevia. However, drought can have a negative impact on the plant's growth and development. To address this issue, signaling molecules such as sodium nitroprusside (SNP), spermidine (SPD), and salicylic acid (SA) are often applied to increase plant tolerance. However, the combined effects of these molecules have not been extensively studied. This research aimed to investigate the effects of controlled elicitation with SA, SNP, SPD, and their combinations on plant performance, SG content, and drought stress mitigation in Stevia rebaudiana under drought stress. The elicitor treatments were found to result in a significant increase in SG content, with 0.1 mM SA being the most effective treatment. Additionally, the treatments were able to reduce the stress effects on growth parameters to non-stress levels. The use of SPD, SA+SNP, and SPD+SNP on stressed plants significantly increased CAT and SOD activity, resulting in a more active antioxidant defense system that lowered MDA contents and H2O2 generation. These findings suggest that stevia cultivation with controlled elicitation could be used to improve plant growth, tolerance, and SG production under drought stress conditions.
Astrometry and Photometry for ≈1000 L, T, and Y Dwarfs from the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey
Authors: Schneider Adam C. , Munn Jeffrey A. , Vrba Frederick J. , Bruursema Justice , Dahm Scott E. , Williams Stephen J. , Liu Michael C. , Dorland Bryan N.
Published: August 2023

We present the positions, proper motions, and near-infrared photometry for 966 known objects with spectral types later than M that were observed as part of the the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey (UHS). We augment the photometry and astrometry from UHS with information from Gaia DR3, Pan-STARRS DR2, and CatWISE 2020 to produce a database of homogeneous photometry and astrometry for this sample. The multi-epoch survey strategy of UHS allows us to determine the proper motions for most sources, with a median proper motion uncertainty of ∼3.6 mas yr−1. Our UHS proper motion measurements are generally in good agreement with those from Gaia DR3, Pan-STARRS, and CatWISE 2020, with UHS proper motions typically more precise than those from CatWISE 2020 and Pan-STARRS but not Gaia DR3. We critically analyze the publicly available spectra for 406 members of this sample and provide updated near-infrared spectral types for ∼100 objects. We determine typical colors as a function of spectral type and provide absolute magnitude versus spectral type relations for UHS J- and K-band photometry. Using newly determined proper motions, we highlight several objects of interest, such as objects with large tangential velocities, widely separated co-moving companions, and potential members of young nearby associations.
Morphological Parameters and Associated Uncertainties for 8 Million Galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Wide Survey
Authors: Ghosh অরিত্র Aritra  ঘোষ , Urry C. Megan , Mishra Aayush , Perreault-Levasseur Laurence , Natarajan Priyamvada , Sanders David B. , Nagai Daisuke , Tian 田 Chuan 川 , Cappelluti Nico , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Powell Meredith C. , Rau Amrit , Treister Ezequiel
Published: August 2023

We use the Galaxy Morphology Posterior Estimation Network (GaMPEN) to estimate morphological parameters and associated uncertainties for ∼8 million galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Wide survey with z ≤ 0.75 and m ≤ 23. GaMPEN is a machine-learning framework that estimates Bayesian posteriors for a galaxy’s bulge-to-total light ratio (L

B
/L

T
), effective radius (R

e
), and flux (F). By first training on simulations of galaxies and then applying transfer learning using real data, we trained GaMPEN with <1% of our data set. This two-step process will be critical for applying machine-learning algorithms to future large imaging surveys, such as the Rubin-Legacy Survey of Space and Time, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, and Euclid. By comparing our results to those obtained using light profile fitting, we demonstrate that GaMPEN’s predicted posterior distributions are well calibrated (≲5% deviation) and accurate. This represents a significant improvement over light profile fitting algorithms, which underestimate uncertainties by as much as ∼60%. For an overlapping subsample, we also compare the derived morphological parameters with values in two external catalogs and find that the results agree within the limits of uncertainties predicted by GaMPEN. This step also permits us to define an empirical relationship between the Sérsic index and L

B
/L

T
that can be used to convert between these two parameters. The catalog presented here represents a significant improvement in size (∼10×), depth (∼4 mag), and uncertainty quantification over previous state-of-the-art bulge+disk decomposition catalogs. With this work, we also release GaMPEN’s source code and trained models, which can be adapted to other data sets.
Examining the Source Regions of Solar Energetic Particles Using an AI-generated Synchronic Potential Field Source Surface Model
Authors: Park Jinhye , Jeong Hyun-Jin , Moon Yong-Jae
Published: August 2023

We study the source regions of six solar energetic particle (SEP) events accelerated near or behind the limbs of the Sun. We use AI-generated farside magnetograms at a near real-time basis developed by Jeong et al. and AIHMI-PFSS extrapolations up to 2.5R
⊙ computed using the input of the synchronic data combining AI-generated farside and HMI magnetograms. By comparing the AIHMI, HMI, Global Oscillations Network Group (GONG) synoptic magnetograms, and Air force Data Assimilative Photospheric flux Transport synchronic magnetograms, as well as the PFSS extrapolations, we find interesting differences between them in view of SEP source regions and magnetic field configurations. First, the structures and sizes of the source active regions (ARs) are changed. The total unsigned magnetic field fluxes of the ARs are mostly stronger in the AIHMI than in the HMI and GONG magnetograms. Second, newly emerging ARs are observed in the SEP source regions in the AIHMI magnetograms for two events. Third, the alterations in the magnetic flux, the emergence, and the dissipation of ARs lead to modifications in the locations of the global polarity inversion lines (PILs). The EUV wave propagation is typically observed to be oriented nearly perpendicular with respect to the local PIL, suggesting that the AIHMI-PFSS extrapolations around the source region are more realistic. This study shows that the continuous farside evolution of AR magnetic fields, which is accomplished by our AI synchronic magnetograms, can lead to an improved understanding of SEP source ARs.
Origin of Low-26Al/27Al Corundum/Hibonite Inclusions in Meteorites
Authors: Desch Steven J. , Dunham Emilie T. , Herbst Ashley K. , Unterborn Cayman T. , Sharp Thomas G. , Bose Maitrayee , Mane Prajkta , Williams Curtis D.
Published: August 2023

Most meteoritic calcium-rich, aluminum-rich inclusions formed from a reservoir with 26Al/27Al ≈ 5 × 10−5, but some record lower

(

26

Al

/

27

Al
)

0

, demanding they sampled a reservoir without live 26Al. This has been interpreted as evidence for “late injection” of supernova material into our protoplanetary disk. We instead interpret the heterogeneity as chemical, demonstrating that these inclusions are strongly associated with the refractory phases corundum or hibonite. We name them “low-26Al/27Al corundum/hibonite inclusions” (LAACHIs). We present a detailed astrophysical model for LAACHI formation in which they derive their Al from presolar corundum, spinel, or hibonite grains 0.5–2 μm in size with no live 26Al; live 26Al is carried on smaller (<50 nm) presolar chromium spinel grains from recent nearby Wolf–Rayet stars or supernovae. In hot (≈1350–1425 K) regions of the disk, these grains and perovskite grains would be the only survivors. These negatively charged grains would grow to sizes 1–103
μm, even incorporating positively charged perovskite grains, but not the small, negatively charged 26Al-bearing grains. Chemical and isotopic fractionations due to grain charging was a significant process in hot regions of the disk. Our model explains the sizes, compositions, oxygen isotopic signatures, and the large, correlated 48Ca and 50Ti anomalies (if carried by presolar perovskite) of LAACHIs, and especially how they incorporated no 26Al in a solar nebula with uniform, canonical 26Al/27Al. A late injection of supernova material is obviated, although formation of the Sun in a high-mass star-forming region is demanded.
Absorption of Gamma-Ray Burst X-Ray Afterglows by the Missing Baryons: Confronting Observations with Cosmological Simulations
Authors: Grauer Matan , Behar Ehud
Published: August 2023

A large fraction of the baryons at low redshift are undetected and likely reside in the tenuous, hot intergalactic medium (IGM). One way to probe the missing baryons is through their absorption of bright sources. The anomalous absorption excess in the X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been suggested to result from the missing baryons. In order to test this hypothesis, the present paper employs IllustrisTNG simulations to compute the X-ray absorption effect on cosmological distances. The simulation shows that ionization of H and He in the IGM leaves the metals responsible for >60% of the X-ray opacity of high-z sources. The high-z asymptotic optical depth at 0.5 keV in the simulation reaches 0.15 ± 0.07, while the GRB afterglow values tend to ≈0.4, implying that the missing baryons can account for a significant fraction of the observed opacity. The remaining discrepancy is ascribed mainly to the low average metallicity in the simulation, which drops from 0.06 solar at z = 0 to 0.01 at z = 3, and which is below previously measured values.
On the Tidal Capture of White Dwarfs by Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Dense Stellar Environments
Authors: Ye Claire S. , Fragione Giacomo , Perna Rosalba
Published: August 2023

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) are the missing link between stellar-mass and supermassive black holes, widely believed to reside in at least some dense star clusters, but not yet observed directly. Tidal disruptions of white dwarfs (WDs) are luminous only for black holes less massive than ∼105
M
⊙, therefore providing a unique smoking gun that could finally prove the existence of IMBHs beyond any reasonable doubt. Here, we investigate the tidal captures of WDs by IMBHs in dense star clusters, and estimate upper limits to the capture rates of ∼1 Myr−1 for galactic nuclei and ∼0.01 Myr−1 for globular clusters. Following the capture, the WD inspirals onto the IMBH, producing gravitational waves detectable out to ∼100 Mpc by LISA for ∼104
M
⊙ IMBHs. The subsequent tidal stripping/disruption of the WD can also release bright X-ray and gamma-ray emission with luminosities of at least ≳1040 erg s−1, detectable by Chandra, Swift, and upcoming telescopes, such as the Einstein Probe.
Subarcsecond-resolution Imaging of M51 with the International LOFAR Telescope
Authors: Venkattu Deepika , Lundqvist Peter , Torres Miguel Pérez , Morabito Leah , Moldón Javier , Conway John , Chandra Poonam , Tasse Cyril
Published: August 2023

We present an International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) subarcsecond-resolution image of the nearby galaxy M51 with a beam size of 0.″436 × 0.″366 and rms of 46 μJy. We compare this image with a European VLBI Network study of M51 and discuss the supernovae in this galaxy, which have not yet been probed at these low radio frequencies. We find a flux density of 0.97 mJy for SN 2011dh in the ILT image, which is about five times smaller than the flux density reported by the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) at 6″ resolution using the same data set without the international stations. This difference makes evident the need for LOFAR international baselines to reliably obtain flux density measurements of compact objects in nearby galaxies. Our LOFAR flux density measurement of SN 2011dh directly translates into fitting the radio light curves for the supernova and constraining the mass-loss rates of the progenitor star. We do not detect two other supernovae in the same galaxy, SN 1994I and SN 2005cs, and our observations place limits on the evolution of both supernovae at radio wavelengths. We also discuss the radio emission from the center of M51, in which we detect the active galactic nucleus and other parts of the nuclear emission in the galaxy, with a possible detection of Component N. We discuss a few other sources, including the detection of a high-mass X-ray binary not detected by LoTSS but with a flux density in the ILT image that matches well with higher-frequency catalogs.
Comparing Globular Cluster System Properties with Host Galaxy Environment*
Authors: Hartman Kate , Harris William E. , Blakeslee John P. , Ma Chung-Pei , Greene Jenny E.
Published: August 2023

We present Hubble Space Telescope photometry in the optical (F475X) and near-infrared (F110W) bands of the globular cluster (GC) systems of the inner halos of a sample of 15 massive elliptical galaxies. The targets are selected from the volume-limited MASSIVE survey, and chosen to sample a range of environments from sparsely populated groups to the brightest cluster galaxies in dense clusters. We also present a quantitative model of the relation between (F475X − F110W) color and cluster metallicity [M/H], using simulated GCs. Because much of the GC population in such galaxies is built up through accretion, the metallicity distribution of the GC systems might be expected to vary with galaxy environment. The photometry is used to create a completeness-corrected metallicity distribution for each galaxy in the sample, and to fit a double Gaussian curve to each histogram in order to model the two standard red and blue subpopulations. Finally, the properties of the GC metallicity distribution are correlated against galaxy environment. We find that almost no GCS properties and host galaxy environmental properties are correlated, with the exception of a weak but consistent correlation between blue fraction and nth-nearest-neighbor surface density. The results suggest that the systemic properties of the GC systems, at least in the inner to midhalo regions, are influenced more strongly by the local environment at early times, rather than by the environmental properties we see today.
Detection Prospects of Fast-merging Gravitational Wave Sources in M31
Authors: He Jian-Guo , Shao Yong , Gao Shi-Jie , Li Xiang-Dong
Published: August 2023

It is widely accepted that quite a number of double compact objects (DCOs) in the Milky Way can be identified by future space-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors, while systematic investigations on the detection of the GW sources in nearby galaxies are still lacking. In this paper, we present calculations of potential populations of GW sources for all types of DCOs in the Local Group galaxy M31. For M31, we use an age-dependent model for the evolution of the metallicity and the star formation rate. By varying assumptions of common-envelope ejection efficiencies and supernova-explosion mechanisms during binary evolution, we make predictions on the properties of DCOs that can be detected by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Our calculations indicate that a few (a dozen) DCOs are likely to be observed by LISA during its 4 (10) yr mission. We expect that the sources with black hole components are more likely to be first identified during a 4 yr mission since these binaries have relatively large chirp masses, while the systems with white-dwarf components dominate the overall population of detectable GW sources during a 10 yr mission. LISA can only detect very tight fast-merging systems in M31, corresponding to the peak of orbital period distribution from ∼2 minutes for double white dwarfs to ∼20 minutes for double black holes.
The Role of Natal Kicks in Forming Asymmetric Compact Binary Mergers
Authors: Oh Madeline , Fishbach Maya , Kimball Chase , Kalogera Vicky , Ye Christine
Published: August 2023

In their most recent observing run, the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration observed gravitational waves from compact binary mergers with highly asymmetric mass ratios, including both binary black holes (BBHs) and neutron star-black holes (NSBHs). It appears that NSBHs with mass ratios q ≃ 0.2 are more common than equally asymmetric BBHs, but the reason for this remains unclear. We use the binary population synthesis code cosmic to investigate the evolutionary pathways leading to the formation and merger of asymmetric compact binaries. We find that within the context of isolated binary stellar evolution, most asymmetric mergers start off as asymmetric stellar binaries. Because of the initial asymmetry, these systems tend to first undergo a dynamically unstable mass transfer phase. However, after the first star collapses into a compact object, the mass ratio is close to unity and the second phase of mass transfer is usually stable. According to our simulations, this stable mass transfer fails to shrink the orbit enough on its own for the system to merge. Instead, the natal kick received by the second-born compact object during its collapse is key in determining how many of these systems can merge. For the most asymmetric systems with mass ratios of q ≤ 0.1, the merging systems in our models receive an average kick magnitude of 255 km s−1 during the second collapse, while the average kick for non-merging systems is 59 km s−1. Because lower mass compact objects, like neutron stars, are expected to receive larger natal kicks than higher mass BHs, this may explain why asymmetric NSBH systems merge more frequently than asymmetric BBH systems.
Understanding the Deflection of the “Cartwheel CME”: Data Analysis and Modeling
Authors: Sahade Abril , Vourlidas Angelos , Balmaceda Laura A. , Cécere Mariana
Published: August 2023

We study the low corona evolution of the “Cartwheel” coronal mass ejection (CME; 2008 April 9) by reconstructing its three-dimensional path and modeling it with magnetohydrodynamic simulations. This event exhibited a double deflection that has been reported and analyzed in previous works but whose underlying cause remained unclear. The Cartwheel CME traveled toward a coronal hole (CH) and against the magnetic gradients. Using a high-cadence, full-trajectory reconstruction, we accurately determine the location of the magnetic flux rope (MFR) and, consequently, the magnetic environment in which it is immersed. We find a pseudostreamer (PS) structure whose null point may be responsible for the complex evolution of the MFR at the initial phase. From the preeruptive magnetic field reconstruction, we estimate the dynamic forces acting on the MFR and provide a new physical insight into the motion exhibited by the 2008 April 9 event. By setting up a similar magnetic configuration in a 2.5D numerical simulation we are able to reproduce the observed behavior, confirming the importance of the PS null point. We find that the magnetic forces directed toward the null point cause the first deflection, directing the MFR toward the CH. Later, the magnetic pressure gradient of the CH produces the reversal motion of the MFR.
Revisiting the Oldest Stars as Cosmological Probes: New Constraints on the Hubble Constant
Authors: Cimatti Andrea , Moresco Michele
Published: August 2023

Despite the tremendous advance of observational cosmology, the value of the Hubble constant (H
0) is still controversial (the so-called “Hubble tension”) because of the inconsistency between local/late-time measurements and those derived from the cosmic microwave background. As the age of the Universe is very sensitive to H
0, we explored whether the present-day oldest stars could place independent constraints on the Hubble constant. To this purpose, we selected from the literature the oldest objects (globular clusters, stars, white dwarfs, and ultrafaint and dwarf spheroidal galaxies) with accurate age estimates. Adopting a conservative prior on their formation redshifts (11 ≤ z
f ≤ 30) and assuming Ω
M
= 0.3 ± 0.02, we developed a method based on Bayesian statistics to estimate the Hubble constant. We selected the oldest objects (>13.3 Gyr) and estimated H
0 both for each of them individually and for the average ages of homogeneous subsamples. Statistical and systematic uncertainties were properly taken into account. The constraints based on individual ages indicate that H
0 < 70.6 km s−1 Mpc−1 when selecting the most accurate estimates. If the ages are averaged and analyzed independently for each subsample, the most stringent constraints imply H
0 < 73.0 km s−1 Mpc−1 with a probability of 90.3% and errors around 2.5 km s−1 Mpc−1. We also constructed an “accuracy matrix” to assess how the constraints on H
0 become more stringent with further improvements in the accuracy of stellar ages and Ω
M
. The results show the great potential of the oldest stars as independent and competitive cosmological probes not limited to just the Hubble constant.
GIS-based location analysis for hospital site selection: A case study on National Children’s Hospital in Sofia, Bulgaria
Authors: Todorov Leonid , Todorova Elena
Published: August 2023

The present research investigates the possibilities of the available online resources and GIS analytic tools to facilitate integrating the spatial context in urban and regional planning by testing a GIS-based location analysis that uses widely available data for identifying an appropriate site for National Children’s hospital in Bulgaria. The elaborated methodology is easy to use, employs accessible online resources, and could be applied in different scales. The aim is to produce a comprehensible instrument that could be adopted by public authorities and used for informed political decision-making. A series of geospatial analyses are used to evaluate the potential location and its alternatives based on transport accessibility, population density in the service area, and public transport connectivity. The analyses are based on the online resources of Google Maps that are used to evaluate the transport accessibility to all the possible locations using different perspectives. The pedestrian access to public transport is also calculated to assess the different modes of transport available. To assess the locations according to the transport accessibility of the population, tools from ArcGIS Pro Network analyst are used. Accessibility is considered from the patient's perspective. The results are analyzed to make a supposition of the alternatives and to come up with a conclusion about whether the already chosen location is a sensible choice from a transport accessibility perspective. The outcomes of the research could help policymakers understand some of the spatial complexities associated with the demand and the accessibility dimensions of healthcare access. The article emphasizes the significance of integrating the spatial context in urban and regional planning and the possibilities of the new technologies to facilitate that task. This methodology for location analysis could be also used for other public services and urban-related matters.
Stable isotope values and trophic analysis of invasive three-spined stickleback in Upper Lake Constance points to significant piscivory
Authors: Gugele Sarah Maria , Baer Jan , Spießl Christina , Yohannes Elizabeth , Blumenshine Steve , Roberts Barnaby J. , Mota-Ferreira Mario R. , Brinker Alexander
Published: August 2023

The three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus was introduced into Lake Constance in the 1940s and occupied a limited range until late 2012. Since then the species has expanded from a solely littoral habitat in Upper Lake Constance, but now makes seasonal migrations into the pelagic zone. This behavioral change has been accompanied by a drastic increase in stickleback abundance. In order to integrate information about feeding of sticklebacks in Upper Lake Constance over two consecutive years, stomach content analysis was combined with seasonal stable isotope analysis on two types of tissue (muscle and liver). Isotope values were also obtained for zooplankton, whitefish larvae and eggs. We calculated the contribution of potential food sources for sticklebacks’ diet using a Bayesian mixing model (SIMMR). Furthermore, we determined stickleback trophic position, and δ15N and δ13C values were compared with those of other fish species of Lake Constance. The results of the Bayesian model as well as the stomach content analysis showed clear evidence of stickleback predation on fish eggs and larvae. Stickleback δ15N values were elevated during winter and comparable to those of piscivorous pike, while δ15N values of zooplankton were reduced, and those of whitefish larvae were similar to those of sticklebacks after accounting trophic fractionation of N isotopes. Trophic position calculations further identified sticklebacks as piscivorous, while the δ13C values of the liver and stomach content analysis suggests that a benthic-pelagic species pair may exist in Lake Constance. These findings support the hypotheses that sticklebacks in Lake Constance can display piscivorous feeding behaviour on sympatric fish species, most likely whitefish larvae and eggs.
Public Service Announcements: An Innovative Strategy for Introducing Competencies in Population Health
Authors: Kruse Julie A. , Hays Deana
Published: August 2023

Background:

Teaching health concepts using a variety of strategies has been shown to enhance students' critical thinking skills and learning outcomes. Educational strategies highlighting the effects of social determinants of health (SDOH) on communities and populations are considered essential nursing curricula by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing.

Method:

A public service announcement (PSA) assignment was developed and implemented for a community nursing course with approximately 100 students.

Results:

The PSA assignment was a multifaceted project that incorporated knowledge development (e.g., public health topics, group dynamics, and SDOH factors) as well as skill development (e.g., navigating web-based databases, creating an annotative bibliography, designing developmentally and culturally appropriate educational messages, and conducting self-evaluation and peer-evaluation).

Conclusion:

This assignment allowed faculty to assess 28 subcompetencies of student learning and provided students with the opportunity to explore a population health issue that considered cultural, developmental, and social determinants of health needs.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2023;62(11):650–652.]
Unreliable retrial queueing system with working vacation
Authors: Shanmugam Bharathy , Saravanarajan Mookkaiyah Chandran
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates an unreliable $ M/G(P_{1}, P_{2})/1 $ retrial queueing system with a woking vacation. An arriving customer successfully starts the first phase service with the probability $ \alpha $ or the server fails with the probability $ \bar{\alpha} $. Once failure happens, the serving customer is taken to the orbit. The failed server is taken for repair with some delay. Once the repair is comleted, the server is ready to provide service once again. In this background, we implemented the working vacation scenario. During working vacation, the service will be provided at a slower rate, rather than entirely stopping the service. The supplementary variable method was adopted to find the orbit and system lengths. Additionally, some unique results and numerical evaluations have been presented.
Forecasting the gross domestic product using a weight direct determination neural network
Authors: Mourtas Spyridon D. , Drakonakis Emmanouil , Bragoudakis Zacharias
Published: August 2023

One of the most often used data science techniques in business, finance, supply chain management, production, and inventory planning is time-series forecasting. Due to the dearth of studies in the literature that propose unique weights and structure (WASD) based models for regression issues, the goal of this research is to examine the creation of such a model for time-series forecasting. Given that WASD neural networks have been shown to overcome limitations of traditional back-propagation neural networks, including slow training speed and local minima, a multi-function activated WASD for time-series (MWASDT) model that uses numerous activation functions, a new auto cross-validation method and a new prediction mechanism are proposed. The MWASDT model was used in forecasting the gross domestic product (GDP) for numerous nations to show off its exceptional capacity for learning and predicting. Compared to previous WASD-based models for time-series forecasting and traditional machine learning models that MATLAB has to offer, the new model has produced noticeably better forecasting results, especially on unseen data.
Developing a Deep Neural Network model for COVID-19 diagnosis based on CT scan images
Authors: Joloudari Javad Hassannataj , Azizi Faezeh , Nodehi Issa , Nematollahi Mohammad Ali , Kamrannejhad Fateme , Hassannatajjeloudari Edris , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Published: August 2023

COVID-19 is most commonly diagnosed using a testing kit but chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scan images have a potential role in COVID-19 diagnosis. Currently, CT diagnosis systems based on Artificial intelligence (AI) models have been used in some countries. Previous research studies used complex neural networks, which led to difficulty in network training and high computation rates. Hence, in this study, we developed the 6-layer Deep Neural Network (DNN) model for COVID-19 diagnosis based on CT scan images. The proposed DNN model is generated to improve accurate diagnostics for classifying sick and healthy persons. Also, other classification models, such as decision trees, random forests and standard neural networks, have been investigated. One of the main contributions of this study is the use of the global feature extractor operator for feature extraction from the images. Furthermore, the 10-fold cross-validation technique is utilized for partitioning the data into training, testing and validation. During the DNN training, the model is generated without dropping out of neurons in the layers. The experimental results of the lightweight DNN model demonstrated that this model has the best accuracy of 96.71% compared to the previous classification models for COVID-19 diagnosis.
The Use of Rubrics for Drawing Graphs in Physics Education
Authors: Aykutlu Işıl
Published: August 2023

In physics classes, graphs are utilized for various topics to make sure students better understand the relationship between variables. Graphs are especially useful for showing the relationship between dependent and independent variables in experiments carried out in lab classes. There are various sub-steps to drawing a graph. In order to draw a graph, students should have a good grasp of physics subjects; moreover, they should know the characteristics of graphs and be able to form the graph according to the steps. Using rubrics to assess students' drawings at the end of this process, which involves multiple skills, would ensure that the assessment is both more detailed and more reliable and valid. Moreover, using rubrics in teaching how to draw a graph would contribute to students' understanding of the graphs' characteristics; it would also help students clearly see the steps as well as contribute to the improvement of students' drawings through self and peer assessment.
Learning How to Become a Teacher Researcher
Authors: Brien Emma O. , Brady Josephine , Ó Ceallaigh T. J. , Babbitt Katharine , Brosnan Andrea , Byrne Emma , Byrne Erin , Curtin Rebecca , Gaffney Lisa , O'Callaghan Karen
Published: August 2023

Developing the teacher as a reflective practitioner has become a core facet of Irish teacher education, but large gap exists between theory and practice. Research illustrates the positive value of rubrics in terms of student self-reflection and self-regulation. However, few studies explore the use of assessment rubrics within the broad context of the supervisory relationship. Drawing on Drytons extended supervisory working alliance the authors explored how rubrics can foster student-supervisor relationships during the research process. This study adopted a collaborative autoethnographic (CAE) methodology which enabled the researchers to authentically capture the student and faculty perspectives. It was found that rubrics provided transparency, identified expectations and a language for students to express and interrogate their work. They provided a metadialogue to enable students to take ownership of the feedback process questioning and initiating discussion with the supervisor. This supported the bonding process, shaping conversations and providing the student with context for the feedback.
Effective Use of Rubrics in Student Evaluation
Authors: Richiteanu-Nastase Elena Ramona , Mihaila Alexandru Robert
Published: August 2023

This chapter clarifies first a number of concepts such as evaluation, traditional evaluation methods, alternative evaluation methods, process-centered evaluation, and evaluation of student progress and portfolios as an alternative evaluation method. The authors will approach the concept of rubrics as a very useful evaluation tool, highlighting design and exemplification ways for some more commonly used evaluation methods. Their advantages and disadvantages will be analyzed. After taking into consideration the most important issues and controversies, the authors will analyze an example of good practice, namely the use of rubrics in the evaluation of students with the help of e-portfolios, as an alternative method of evaluation. The last part of the chapter is dedicated to discussions and recommendations for using rubrics in evaluation. Aspects regarding the usefulness, but also the limits of the instrument, as well as ways of further development, will be discussed.
Motivational Factors That Influence the Intention to Watch a Spectator Sports Product
Authors: Mereu Sebastiano
Published: August 2023

This empirical research examines how motivational factors for sport consumption affect the intention to watch the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) in the USA. The motivation scale for sport consumption (MSSC) was adopted to collect quantitative data through an online questionnaire from a convenience sample of 302 spectators in the USA who follow the NWSL. The hypothesized relationships were tested via structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicate that aesthetics, social interaction, escape, and physical skill of the performing athletes have a significant and positive influence on consumption intention or consumption frequency for watching NWSL matches. This study contributes to the body of knowledge for the business of women's sports with an empirical examination on motives for watching the NWSL, a popular women's football league, and explores possible marketing communications tactics necessary to promote the sports brand and encourage people to consume the sports product offered by the NWSL.
The Use of Digital Technologies for Traceability
Authors: Pacchera Francesco , Cagnetti Chiara , Provenzano Mariagrazia , Gallo Tommaso , Silvestri Cecilia
Published: August 2023

Digital transformation (DT) affects companies' competitiveness mainly in terms of innovation, efficiency, and cost reduction and affects global value chains in specialization, geographic scope, governance, and upgrading. In food, digital tools can improve competitive advantage by supporting companies in ensuring food quality and safety. However, many companies still struggle to respond adequately to DT challenges by adopting new technology concepts as a trend and not a real company imperative, misallocating internal resources and capabilities around technology, and expecting good results. There are no studies in the literature that consider both the adoption of digital technologies and consumer perception in the olive oil sector at the same time. This study has two purposes. The first is to analyse the use of digital technologies by companies in the olive oil sector, and the second is to understand consumer perceptions of the use of digital technologies in traceability.