bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF THE OIL INDUSTRY IN SUDAN AND AZERBAIJAN
Authors: ADAM ABDELSAMAD
Published: June 2023

The oil industry is one of the industries that contribute strongly to the economic and social development of any oil country at the present time. Oil has also become a strategic commodity with geopolitical and strategic dimensions. However, this industry is also known as a source of emissions and pollutants, and it also constitutes political instability if it is not managed in the right way. optimum. This article aims to compare the legal frameworks, policies, and legislation in the oil sector in both Sudan and Azerbaijan, whichever has the ability to contribute to the development of the oil industry in a sustainable manner that meets the requirements of economic and social development.

 The article used descriptive and analytical research methods that were relied upon to obtain the necessary information and data and analyze them through secondary sources, such as reports and related studies. It found  that  there  are  some  discrepancies  in  the  legislation  and  legal  frameworks  related  to  the  oil development industry in both Sudan and Azerbaijan. The article also found Azerbaijan has more experience in applying laws and legislations to develop the oil industry, which was clearly reflected in the development of the oil industry and its contribution to sustainable economic and social development, while the article found that there is a clear weakness in the laws and legislations related to the development of the oil industry in  Sudan,  which  negatively  affected  the  development  of  the  oil  industry  And  led  to  a  diminished contribution to economic and social development.

 The article recommended the need to benefit from the Azerbaijani experience in the field of legislation and legal frameworks in order to promote the development of the oil industry in Sudan to achieve maximum benefit from this sector in economic and social development and the sustainability of political stability.
TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE DRUG PHENOMENON IN IRAQ
Authors: HAIDER DAWOOD SALMAN, AMAL WAHAB ABDULLAH
Published: June 2023

The study of the research investigates the effects of the drug phenomenon with the political, security and economic transformations witnessed by Iraqi society before and after 2003 and the llies of this deadly phenomenon, which is no longer a transient health and social problem, Rather, it turned into a predicament facing the political decision-maker, accompanied by repercussions threatened by behavioral deviations, family disintegration, disruption of work energies and the spread of organized crime.
LEGAL ESSENCE OF PANCASILA AS THE BASIS OF THE REALITY OF INDONESIAN LIFE: TO IMPROVE THE WELFARE OF THE FISHING COMMUNITY
Authors: ENDANG SUTRISNO, ARIEF PRAYITNO
Published: June 2023

Pancasila contains noble values, not only understood normatively, but must also be interpreted with consistent implementation by all components of the nation, without exception. The philosophical basis in a series of basic state arrangements, as a continuum of integrated-comprehensive-holistic meaning of each implied-explicit content of the precepts as the ideological basis of the state and nation. The purpose of the research is to build social welfare during society, which includes fishing communities.  The most basic reason is that Indonesia is recognized as an archipelago, with abundant marine resources. The basis of policy through regulations formulated is based on the order of Pancasila values, the current basic problems faced in the era of economic globalization are still found in social inequality that creates poverty. These challenges must be able to be answered by Pancasila as the philosophy of social life.    The method used is a qualitative approach. The results of the research that development in coastal areas and the potential of marine resources is carried out to improve the standard of living of community welfare. The implementation of which continues to pay attention to the order of environmental sustainability of coastal and marine areas. There are efforts to increase the role and participation of coastal communities including fishermen in the process of sustainable regional development.  Need to be supported by adequate guidance-training and research policies on the development of the potential of coastal areas and marine resources.
INTERNET FINANCIAL CRIME SECURITY PREVENTION AND CRIMINAL LAW REGULATION OPTIMIZATION PATH
Authors: MAO XINXIN, HANNA AMBARAS KHAN, SUHAIMI AB RAHMAN
Published: June 2023

Since the advent of the Internet, Internet and finance are becoming more and more closely integrated. In 2014, the banking industry paid around $65 billion in regulatory penalties, with misbehavior and anti-financial crime failures acting as key prosecution justifications. Many financial institutions are finding that it is difficult to properly handle growing requirements with their current processes and infrastructure, leading to significant increases in associated operational expenses. Recent improvements in data analytics, which allow a speedier analysis of larger, more thorough, and more diversified data sets, appear to have the potential to ease some of the key pain points in this context. This paper investigates the rise of Big Data in this sector, concentrating on use cases where advanced analytics is presently being applied, as well as its long-term potential.
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION OF EMPLOYEES IN THE ORGANISATION
Authors: MESHRAM RAJANI
Published: June 2023

One of the most innovative technologies now available is known as artificial intelligence (AI), and it is already altering the manner in which we live in a number of ways. In recent years, it has been more common practise in the recruiting industry to make use of enormous volumes of data in order to find applications, analyse applicant profiles, conduct interviews, choose the top prospects, and so on. As a consequence of this, it has the potential to influence the function of human resources, the perspective of people looking for work, and the general culture and policies of the firm. Because recruiters may not be aware of the availability of this technology or because the businesses that are adopting this technology may still be in the beginning stages of the adoption process, this circumstance presents a number of challenges that are closely related to the actual conditions that exist in the real world. This encourages us to do further research on the subject so that we can inform members of the public about the potential benefits of the technology.

First, artificial intelligence improves the application experience by cutting down on the amount of time and effort spent on the process by the HR manager. This frees up resources that can be used toward enhancing the overall productivity of the company. According to a poll conducted by the Sage Group, more than twenty-four percent of businesses all over the globe are already using AI in their candidate selection and evaluation procedures. More than half of all HR managers have shown interest in using AI solutions over the next 12 months. Second, according to the World Economic Forum (WEF), roughly 75 million of the world's already existing occupations will be gone. Because of the addition of 133 million new job roles and positions, the human resources department is going to be under a great deal of stress. This is particularly the case because of the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), both of which will cause the organisation to hire more HR professionals to handle the increased workload.
NEW SOCIAL VARIABLES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE WOMEN'S COMMISSION OF CRIME
Authors: SABAH ABDULLAH TAHA ABDULLAH
Published: June 2023

The paper dealt with the issue of the new social variables and their relationship to women's attitude towards crime, and it aimed to know the nature and type of contemporary social variables and how this affected the push of women to crime. Crime and the development of digital means and technologies resulted in the difficulty of detecting and tracking the perpetrators, and it was explained through studying the tendency of women to crime, which the technical means contributed to its commission and what was newly called electronic and digital crimes, in its methodological aspect, the paper described and analysed the social variables and their impact on women's commission of the crime in particular, and the study reached some results.

- The pattern and form of the crime changed according to contemporary changes and its dependence on the technical and computer offenders.

- The study showed the difficulty of discovering crimes of a technical nature, as well as prosecuting their perpetrators. The development of crimes into intercontinental crimes increased their rates.

- The need for security and police agencies to keep up with the new crimes and know how to deal with them and control them.

-  Establishing high-tech electronic monitoring so that all suspicious movements are monitored, tracked technically, and reduced.
RELATED INTERNATIONAL LEGAL RULES BY PROPORTIONALITY PRINCIPLE IN HUMANITARIAN INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: AMMAR ESSA KAREEM, DAWOD SALMAN ABED, NADHER AHMED MINDEEL
Published: June 2023

The enormous number of blatant infringement of the principles of global helpful regulation and the experiencing endured by regular people during the direct of military tasks prompted the need to contemplate giving lawful means and instruments to foster worldwide security for regular citizens and regular citizen objects during furnished clashes and to rebuff every one of the people who perpetrated these infringement and consider them responsible, whether they were pay or It was criminal for the person.

         Along these lines, worldwide compassionate regulation oversees various essential rules that states should maintain. These standards are among the essential wellsprings of the law of furnished struggle, the most conspicuous of which is the rule of proportionality. Proportionality is a major standard in global regulation that expresses that the authenticity of a not set in stone by regarding the harmony between the goal And the means and technique used to accomplish it, as well as the outcomes of this work. This rule infers the commitment to survey the setting prior to deciding the lawfulness or lawlessness of an activity. This assessment is the obligation of those accomplishing the work. In case of conflict or uncertainty, the courts can evaluate current realities and accordingly decide its lawfulness.

           Proportionality is critical in evaluating the contention for military need while surveying the legitimateness of the utilization of equipped power. It applies specifically in instances of real individual or aggregate self-protection, in instances of a state's plan of action to outfitted power to reestablish public request and security in the midst of inward unsettling influences and in instances of global and non-worldwide furnished clashes.
IMPROVING ROBUSTNESS OF DEEP NETWORKS USING CLUSTER-BASED ADVERSARIAL TRAINING
Authors: BADER RASHEED, ADIL KHAN
Published: June 2023

Deep learning models have been found to be susceptible to adversarial attacks, which limits their use in security-sensitive applications. One way to enhance the resilience of these models is through adversarial training, which involves training them with intentionally crafted adversarial examples. This study introduces the idea of clustering-based adversarial training technique, with preliminary results and motivations. In this approach, rather than using adversarial instances directly, they are first grouped using various clustering algorithms and criteria, creating a new structured space for model training. The method's performance is evaluated on the MNIST dataset against different adversarial attacks, such as FGSM and PGD, with an examination of the accuracy-robustness trade-off. The results show that cluster-based adversarial training could be used as a data augmentation method to enhance the generalization in both clean and adversarial domains.
EXAMINING STAKEHOLDERS’ ROLES IN ESTABLISHING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM-AN INTERNATIONAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY
Authors: MUHAMMAD MUZAMIL SATTAR, FABIOLA SFODERA
Published: June 2023

Planning and development for the tourism industry have focused on sustainability ideas and problems. It has grown more difficult to address issues of sustainability, environmental protection, and local community involvement. However, the past studies are limited in terms of how stakeholders in the tourist industry interact and how this engagement might help achieve sustainability goals. Today the era has changed and the audience are now available on virtual or online modes rather than the physical ones. Based on this and existing frameworks, we propose an extended framework along with roles and responsibilities of each, adding the online communities including travel vloggers in this. A systematic literature is done to identify the role of new stake holder, online communities, in creating sustainable tourism in the market.
ARBITRATION IN CHINA AND ASEAN: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: RICKY TAN SENG CHEONG, JEONG CHUN PHUOC, S. M. FERDOUS AZAM
Published: June 2023

This paper seeks to explore key issues and challenges impacting trade and business disputes between China and ASEAN countries. Arbitration has become increasingly popular as a dispute resolution mechanism in China and ASEAN, especially with the rise of cross-border transactions and foreign investment. However, there are several challenges and issues associated with arbitration in the region. One major challenge is the lack of uniformity and clarity in the legal framework. There is a diverse legal system in the region, and the inconsistency in the arbitration laws and regulations makes it difficult for parties to agree on the arbitration process. Another challenge is the shortage of qualified arbitrators in the region, which can lead to delays and affect the quality of arbitration awards. The cost of arbitration is also an issue, and the lack of transparency in the cost structure can create disputes between parties, further delaying the arbitration process. The lack of public awareness and education about arbitration is another challenge, which can lead to parties opting for traditional litigation methods. Finally, the lack of transparency in the arbitration process can create mistrust among parties, affecting the credibility of the process. Addressing these challenges will require collaboration between governments, arbitration institutions, and stakeholders in the region to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the arbitration process.
PRIVACY OF DIGITAL LITIGATION IN COMMERCIAL DISPUTES
Authors: BENAZZA AMAL, HIMMI SIDI MOHAMED
Published: June 2023

Digital litigation is a quantum leap in the field of judicial justice because of its importance in facilitating litigation procedures and reducing the burden on litigants. It has created the information judicial system as a mechanism for resolving commercial disputes, under which electronic commercial courts have resorted, as it is a system based on foundations, rules, and judicial rulings in line with the age of information and digital technology, whose ultimate goal is to achieve justice and improve the quality of judicial work. Despite its prevalence in international and domestic legislation, it still suffers from many shortcomings, especially at the level of commercial issues.
DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES AND ACQUISITION OF NEW CUSTOMERS FOR SMES IN SANTA ELENA PROVINCE
Authors: JENIFFER GARCÍA-MENDOZA, WILMA GUERRERO-VILLEGAS
Published: June 2023

This study analyzes digital marketing strategies in SMEs from the Santa Elena Province, evaluating their impact on attracting and retaining customers, as well as on business growth.  Methodology: Using a mixed-methods approach, 239 surveys answered by business owners were examined out of a total of 279 sent forms, along with 8 interviews with owners and marketing managers.  Results: The findings indicate the effectiveness of digital channels such as social media, email, and web positioning. Strengthening online presence and the reach of SMEs in the local market significantly influences customer acquisition and satisfaction. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that SMEs in Santa Elena adopt diverse digital marketing tactics based on size, focused on driving sales and customer service. Despite facing knowledge, competition, and resource constraints, they strive to adapt to the digital environment.  This study provides insights into the implementation of digital marketing strategies in SMEs for improving competitiveness and business performance in the Santa Elena Province
THE RUSSIAN STRATEGIC VISION IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Authors: ELAF KHADER ABBAS
Published: June 2023

This analytical study focuses on the importance of the Eastern Mediterranean region in Russia's strategic perception and the Russian policies in the region in terms of securing its energy security. Russia is aware that the Mediterranean Sea is its main gateway to openness outside the Eurasian sphere, which includes Europe and its security. The Mediterranean also provides access to other oceans and seas, including the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, which represent Russia's strategic step towards land and sea areas that constitute important geopolitical nodes for it. The Mediterranean region is considered a vital area as it has not previously been subject to any kind of control or domination.
THE REVITALIZATION OF AWIG-AWIG OF THE NORTH LOMBOK ADAT LAW PEOPLE TO REALIZE A JUSTICE AND A LEGAL CERTAINTY
Authors: SIGID SUSENO, WIDATI WULANDARI, NELLA SUMIKA PUTRI
Published: June 2023

The adat criminal law is considered one of the sources of law in the Indonesian criminal law system. Its applicability is based on the provisions of Energy Law No. 1 of 1951, Article 5 paragraph (3) sub b. Such provision determines the applicability criteria of the adat criminal law, which has a limited nature, by observing the description of criminal acts in the Criminal Code. One of the adat people who still implement the adat criminal law is the one who resides in North Lombok; they use awig-awig as the primary institution to manage the relationship in society, the relationship between humans and the universe and the relationship between human and their creator. This study uses normative legal research with normative and sociological juridical approaches. The normative legal research used is abstract legal research, legal principles research, concrete legal research, and systematic legal research. Sociological juridical research is conducted towards the permitted values and principles and the applicability of the criminal adat law among the adat people in North Lombok. In conclusion, this study shows that the revitalization of awig-awig among the adat people in North Lombok is conducted because its implementation is seen and felt as more fulfilling for the adat people to achieve the sense of justice and legal certainty in reaction to the occurring people’s development, on that sense, the people’s development may effectively apply the awig-awig. The implementation of adat sanctions is deemed and perceived to restore cosmic balance, remove dirty deeds or clean up the disturbance to the environment of adat peoples due to the adat violation. Meanwhile, other types of criminal sanctions are considered to have no magical religious value.
FIFTH GENERATION WARS BETWEEN THEORETICAL ROOTING AND CONTEMPORARY APPLICATIONS (A STUDY OF THE CONCEPT, TOOLS, FEATURES AND MOTIVES)
Authors: SARAB HASSAN ALWAN,  ALI JASSIM MUHAMMAD
Published: June 2023

The fifth generation wars are attributed to hybrid wars with modern and smart warfare methods, and they are of great importance in the studies of researchers and specialists, as they target the sovereignty of states and disturb their social and institutional structure, and are usually practiced by major countries towards weak states with continuous conflicts, in order to employ their tools in a manner Great effectiveness through the groups and individuals who are dealt with and financed in the target country for the benefit of the aggressor country, without entering into a direct confrontation to preserve its position and not be subjected to international sanctions and accountability.
THE ROLE OF TREFFINGER STRATEGY ON IRAQI INTERMEDIATE EFL PUPILS’ ACHIEVEMENTS
Authors: ISRAA NADHIM MUSTAFA SALEH, ISRAA B. ABDURRAHMAN
Published: June 2023

Treffinger Strategy is a framework that focuses on developing creativity and problem-solving skills in students. One of the main problems related to achievement skills identified by this model is the overemphasis on standardized testing and rote memorization. It is designed to help individuals develop their cognitive and metacognitive abilities, enabling them to become more effective problem solvers and achievers. The aim of this study is to investigate how Treffinger Strategy affects the achievement of EFL secondary school students in Iraq. The study's null hypothesis is that there would be no statistically significant difference between the experimental group, which is taught the Treffinger technique, and the control group, which is taught by the traditional strategy, in terms of mean scores on the post-hoc exam. The second premise is that there is no statistically significant difference between the means of the experimental and control groups at the posttest. A sample of 60 students is randomly selected from the 2022-2023 school year at the Al-Dibis Secondary School for Girls in Kirkuk as a sample. The study sample is divided into two equal groups.  Group (A) represents the experimental group consisting of (30) students taught using the Treffinger Strategy. Group (B) represents a control group which also includes (30) appropriately educated students to the conventional method. Encouraging results are obtained from the data analysis, showing a statistically significant difference in mean scores on post-performance tests between the experimental group taught using the Treffinger strategy and the control group taught using the traditional strategy.
ASSESSING THE AWARENESS OF PACIFICATION COMMITTEES' STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION AMONG BARANGAY OFFICIALS AND CONSTITUENTS: GROUNDWORK FOR A SPECIALIZED TRAINING PROGRAM
Authors: JENNELYN B. ELIZAGA-PAGALILAUAN
Published: June 2023

This study analyzes the level of awareness of the barangay (the smallest administrative division in the Philippines) regarding the Lupong Tagapamayapa, an informal justice system established under the Local Government Code (Republic Act No. 7160). The study is situated in selected barangays in the third district of Cagayan, and was motivated by observations of a low awareness level and adherence to the Lupong Tagapamayapa provisions in one such barangay. The research used a descriptive research design to collect, present, and describe data concerning the current status of the Lupong Tagapamayapa. A researcher-made structured questionnaire with a 5 point-likert scale, based on the mandates in Sections 399 to 422 of the Local Government Code, was administered to participants after validation by research experts. Data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concludes that that the members of Lupong Tagapamayapa and constituents display a very high level of awareness about the structure, functions, and procedures of the committee. The committee members are well-versed with the requirements for their roles, the importance of their residency, their terms of office, the regulations regarding termination of membership, and the procedures for amicable settlement. The constituents have demonstrated significant awareness of the Lupon's creation, terms of office, vacancies, administrative supervision, subject matter for amicable settlement, and the procedure for such settlements. However, certain areas like the provision regarding a Lupon member's change in workplace and the timeframe for protesting a settlement require more attention and awareness. Based on the findings, an enhanced training program must be implemented. While the members of the Lupong Tagapamayapa are generally well-informed, there are areas, such as the implications of changing one's place of work and the process following resignation, that could benefit from further training and orientation.
Evaluation of Performance Metrics in Heart Disease by Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: PINAR Abdulvahap , ÇOLAK Cemil , GÜLTÜRK Esra
Published: June 2023

Aim: In addition to affecting the individual sociologically and psychologically, heart disease also poses important problems in health systems. Evaluation of heart disease performances has gained great importance in terms of machine learning method. In the study, performances were compared with the machine learning method for risk methods that classify heart illness.

Materials and Methods: The categorization process Throughout the research made use of the "Heart Disease Dataset," an open access dataset. F1-score, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, balanced accuracy, negative and positive predictive values were used to assess the performance of the categorisation model using the machine learning approach. Random forest method, one of the variable selection methods, was used.

Results: According to the relational classification model's classification findings for heart disease, the accuracy, balanced accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1-score values were observed to be 0.997, 0.997, 0.995, 1, 1, and 0.995, respectively.

Conclusion: The relational classification model proposed in the analysis obtained in the web-based open access dataset yielded distinctively successful results in classifying heart disease according to performance criteria.
Effect of Deferred Tax Expense and Discretionary Accrual on Earnings Management
Authors: Lannai Darwis
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Deferred Tax Expense and Discretionary Accrual on Earnings Management in Food and Beverage Sub-Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data in this study were obtained from the website.idx.id and the Capital Market Information Corner of the Indonesian Muslim University as many as 26 companies. The sample was selected using the purposive sampling method with the criteria. Namely, companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, publishing financial statements for the year ended December 31 during 2013-2017, not experiencing suspension during the observation period, reporting financial statements in Rupiah (IDR) ), and suffered no losses the study period. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the hypothesis was tested multivariate using logistic regression. The results showed that deferred tax expense had no significant effect on earnings management and discretionary accruals had no significant effect on earnings management.
The Effect of Tax Ethics and Tax Morals on Tax Evasion
Authors: Elisabeth Cherly
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of tax justice, tax system, tax discrimination, tax understanding and tax compliance on tax evasion. The population in this study were individual taxpayers registered at the North Makassar Primary Tax Service Office. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method. Respondents of this study were 100 respondents. Data collection using questionnaire method. The analysis method uses multiple linear regression with the help of the SPSS version 25 program. The results showed that tax justice has a significant negative effect on tax evasion, the tax system has no negative effect on tax evasion, tax discrimination has a significant positive effect on tax evasion, tax understanding has a significant negative effect on tax evasion and tax compliance has a significant negative effect on tax evasion.
Correlation between physical activity levels and clinical variables in stroke survivors
Authors: Chinwendu Vivian Achonwa  , Toochukwu Anamezie Henry  , Pelumi Enoch Fasulu  , Emeka Charles Nwobodo  , Oghenefejiro Rebecca Ghavwan  , Chinenye Vivian Nwachukwu  , Mary Francisca Effiong  , Ifeoluwa Oyedoyin Oyekan  , Samson Abayomi Afolabi  , Chukwu Chigozie David  , Orume Maryam Sylvanus  , Elizabeth Adeyinka Oladoye  , Ikenna Kingsley Uchendu
Published: June 2023

Increased levels of physical inactivity leads to increased disability level which results to decreased in balance status among stroke survivors. Balance problems are major co-morbidities stroke survivors are posed with. The current study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of physical activity profile and selected clinical variables of stroke survivors ; disability level, balance status and duration of stroke in selected tertiary hospitals in Anambra State, Nigeria. Sixty-eight (68) participants were recruited for this study of which 46 were males and 22 were were females. Physical activity level were measured using a 7-day International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-SF), Clinical variables like disability level were measured using Modified Rankin Scale, balance status were measured using Berg Balance Scale. Demographic data were collected which included weight, height, BMI and duration of stroke. The data was tabulated, analyzed statistically and discussed. It was found that physical activity level showed significant positive correlation in clinical variable like balance status, significant negative correlation was found between physical activity level and disability level, also between balance and disability level, non-significant negative correlation was found between physical activity level and duration of stroke incidence. In conclusion, physical activity showed a significant decrease in disability level and balance status. Developing strategies needed to promote and maintain physical activity in stroke survivors as well as potency of physical activity are important to decrease disability level and improve muscle strength adequate enough to maintain balance and good posture. Balance is greatly affected in sitting and high level of disability.
新聞人創業突圍：五種媒體模式的開創
Authors: 陳順孝 陳順孝
Published: June 2023

本論文探討媒體廣告營收模式失靈後，新聞人如何創業突圍。筆者研究五位新聞創業者的辦報動機、歷程和模式，結果發現：一、創業者不滿大眾媒體表現而創辦新媒體，對商業利益的重視有高有低，但同樣堅持專業自主；二、創業是快做快修的歷程，創業者因應媒體生態、團隊能量變化，不斷調整內容和營收模式；三、創業者根據媒體內容特色開發適配的商業模式，開創出小額捐款、社會企業、付費訂閱、創業投資、公益基金會等五種新媒體模式。

 

How journalists can create new media to survive and thrive when media advertising revenue plummets? The author studied the practical experience of five news entrepreneurs in Taiwan and revealed the following findings: 1. Entrepreneurs tend to start businesses because they are dissatisfied with the performance of the mass media. Some of them attach importance to commercial interests, and some do not; however, they all insist on independence and professional principles. 2. Entrepreneurship is a process of continual testing and modification. No one executes an original launch plan to completion; rather, in such a plan, the content and revenue model are continually adjusted in response to changes in the media ecology and team energy. 3. Entrepreneurs develop suitable business models according to media characteristics. Collectively, they have created five new media models: small donations, social enterprises, paid subscriptions, venture capital, and public welfare foundations.

 
Assessment of Nutritional Status for Nutritional Rickets Identification in Children Less Than Five Years of Age
Authors: Amir Muhammad , Ahmad Imran , Laghari Ghulam Shabir , Quddus Hafiz Abdul , Sabir Muhammad Sajjad , Khan Masood Murad
Published: June 2023

Aim: To estimate the nutritional status for nutritional rickets identification in children <5 years of age. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Memon Hospital Hyderabad from 1st February 2022 to 31st January 2023. Methodology: One hundred children under the age of 5 were enrolled. Nutritional rickets diagnosis was based on clinical and biochemical examination followed by radiological imaging. The radiological X-ray was used for identifying spraying, fraying, cupping and widening of wrist presence. A 2cc blood of each patient was withdrawn and test for the levels of 25(OH) vitamin D3, serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) through Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay and calorimetric method respectively. For each patient a food frequency chart was fulfilled which included their breast feeding, supplementation, cerelac and cow milk diet intake as well as intake of other dairy products. Results: Radiological assessment of present study showed that cupping was the most prominent determinant followed by wrist widening and splaying in all age groups. In present study, rural participants are more exposed to sun light as compared to urban participants. Biochemical analysis revealed that means calcium, ALP and vitamin D levels was lower in almost every age group. Food frequency chart proved, 66% of the children were on breastfeeding but only 34% of the patients were taking supplements along with breastfeeding. Practical Implication: supplementation and adequate awareness are the key elements that can prove substantial in improving the vitamin D status in developing regions of the world. Conclusion: Majority of the children of present study were vitamin D and calcium deficient. Keywords: Rickets, Vitamin D, Calcium, Sunlight
Pattern of Bacterial Infection in Orthopedic Department at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Akhtar Sajid , Shah Muzammil Ahmad , Khan Dilawar , Shabir Muhammad , Karim Ahmad , Khan Waleed Anwar
Published: June 2023

Aim: To identify prevalence of different type of bacteria among patient of different diseases in orthopedic department. Methodology: It was cross-sectional study done in Department of Orthopedics, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital Swat from 1st February 2022 to 31st January 2023. A total of 209 patients, both male and female with age between 10 years to 70 were included. The specimens including pus and/or fluids were collected from the effected site by orthopedic consultants for culture and sensitivity. Results: Bacteria were isolated from 198(94.70%) samples while 11(5.30%) samples showed no growth of any bacteria. Among them staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 117 samples making 55.98% of total samples, pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 44 samples making 21.03% of total samples, Escherichia coli was isolated from 32 samples making 15.31% of total samples. Three species of Citrobacter (1.43%) and two species of Enterobacter spp. (0.95%) were also isolated from the samples. Sixty seven samples were taken from post-operative site, 44 samples from abscess, 39 samples from osteomyelitis, 38 samples from Septic arthritis and 21 from diabetic Foot. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (49.27%) was most prevalent in postoperative infections, Staphylococcus aureus (94.87%) in osteomyelitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (52.38%) in diabetic foot, Staphylococcus aureus (68.18%) in soft tissue abscess also in Septic Arthritis (86.84%). Practical Implication: The pattern of microbial infection varies in post-operative infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, diabetic foot ulcer and abscess. Conclusion: Bacterial infections in musculoskeletal system are common and on time identification with use of specific antibiotics may help in early recovery and abutting complications. Keywords: Prevalence, Orthopedics, Post-operative site, Abscess, Osteomyelitis, Septic arthritis, Diabetic foot
Frequency of New Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Presenting with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hussain Zahid , Ahmed Iftikhar , Alam Faiza , Mustafa Attiya , Ahmed Naveed , Manaf Abdul
Published: June 2023

Aim: To study the magnitude of atrial fibrillation in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Study Design: Prospective analytic cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Cardiology of a Tertiary Cardiac Care Center of Pakistan from 1st June 2022 to 30th November 2022. Methodology: Two hundred and thirty-six patients were selected through non-probability, consecutive sampling technique. Patients were divided into Group 1 who did not develop AF while group 2 included the new cases of AF during in-hospital stay for STEMI. All patients underwent clinical examinations, echocardiography, angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. Results: Forty five cases with an average age of 71±14 years developed atrial fibrillation. Female population 25(60%) was at higher risk than male 17(40%). In AF group, 22(53.3%) cases of dyslipidemia, 11(26.1%) cases of chronic renal disease, 4(8.8%) cases of prior myocardial infarction, 14(33.3%) cases of diabetes and a single case (2.2%) of implantable cardiac-defibrillator were observed when compared with the non-AF group. Practical Implication: In-hospital complications are also highly associated with AF which may result in high Incidents of mortality. Conclusion: Aging, comorbidities and inferior wall MI are the independent predictors of AF. In-hospital complications are associated with AF which may result in high incidents of mortality. Early diagnosis of STEMI patients with a high risk of developing AF is necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Atrial fibrillation, ST-segment elevation, Myocardial infarction
Comparison of Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Diabetics and Non-Diabetics after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Previously Normal Renal Functions
Authors: Hussain Zahid , Ahmed Iftikhar , Alam Faiza , Ahmed Naveed , Mustafa Attiya , Manaf Abdul
Published: June 2023

Aim: To compare the incidence and severity of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Study design: Prospective analytic cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Cardiology of a Tertiary Cardiac Care Center of Pakistan from 1st April 2022 to 30th September 2022. Methodology: Two hundred and fifty patients of coronary artery disease older than 18 years irrespective of gender were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. The patients were divided into two groups; diabetic and non-diabetic, who received a contrast medium during the procedure. Results: Thirty seven (14.66%) patients were diagnosed with CIN after percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients with diabetes 25(69%) were more prone to develop CIN compared with non-diabetic patients 12(31%). Also, patients with diabetes have significantly high levels of post procedure creatinine levels compared with the non-diabetic patients. Practical Implication: it is cleared from the body by glomerular filtration. The mechanism of CIN is dependent on the medullary ischemia, oxidative stress and tubular cell toxicity. Conclusion: Contrast-induced nephropathy is a common complication following percutaneous coronary intervention and is more prevalent in diabetic patients. However, none of the patients require hemodialysis. Keywords: Contrast-induced nephropathy, Diabetic, Non-diabetic, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Renal function
Spectrum of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in Differentiating Paediatric Leukodystrophies in Pakistani Population
Authors: Riaz Zainab , Javed Ania , Riaz Humaira , Tabassum Mehwish , Zafar Saerah Iffat , Zahra Syeda Sanam
Published: June 2023

Aim: To determine the frequency of findings of MRS in differentiating paediatric leukodystrophies in Pakistani population. Study design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Military Hospital Rawalpindi from 25thAugust 2018 to 24th February 2019. Methodology: A total of 110 individuals who were coming in for an MRI test and were either male or female, older than one month of age, and younger than 12 years of age, were chosen. A 3.0T MRI scanner equipped with MRS techniques was used for each scan. Axial T1 and T2 Weighted spin-echo, FLAIR, coronal, and sagittal T2 Weighted spin-echo images were all part of the MRI imaging protocol. During the same session, a single section multivoxel 2D chemical shift spectroscopy sequence was also carried out. In MRS, the metabolites that were detected in each of our patients were choline, creatine, lactate, N-acetyl aspartate, and myo-inositol. Data were examined utilizing SPSS 21. Results: The average age was 5.24±1.89 year. 56 (50.91%) of the 110 patients were male children, compared to 54 (49.09%) female children, for a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. The following paediatric leukodystrophies were more often found with MRS in this study: Krabbes disease in 13 (11.82%), Canavan's disease in 19 (17.27%), Adrenoleukodystrophy in 41 (37.27%), Leigh disease in 25 (22.73%), and Metachromatic leukodystrophy in 12 (10.91%). Practical Implication: The underlying issue has recently been linked to mutations in the DARS2 gene, which codes for mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. Conclusion: MRS, which is more affordable than other existing tests, should be utilized in every patient with clinical leukodystrophies. Keywords: Leukodystrophies, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MRS
Socioeconomic Determinants of Pulmonary Tuberculosis during Covid-19 Pandemic: Case Control Study
Authors: Abdullah M. Umer , Imran Amna , Saulat Amna , Asmat Fatima , Nadeem Saleha , Ramzan M. , Rafique M. A. Hassan , Rafique R.
Published: June 2023

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health issue of paramount importance. Pakistan ranks 5th amongst the high burden TB countries globally with the prevalence, incidence and mortality per 100,000 population per year from TB being 348, 276 and 34 respectively. Socio-economic determinants like income, house, family size, ventilation, etc. play a vital role in the epidemiology of TB. Aim: To analyzes the socioeconomic determinants of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) during Covid-19 pandemic. Study Design: Case study Methodology: This case-control study was undertaken at Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 8 months. 50 cases of confirmed Pulmonary tuberculosis and 50 controls were interviewed using a questionnaire containing demographic variables like gender, age, and socioeconomic status. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Results: The sociodemographic profile of our respondents showed that 62 (62%) were males, 55 (55%) belonged to rural areas and, 52(52%) were employed. The socioeconomic determinants which were significantly associated with PTB were gender, residence, occupation, number of family members, and history of smoking. Practical Implementation: Due to the emerging nature of the COVID-19 crisis, this study helped researchers investigate the role of socio-economical determinant of TB during Covid-19 pandemic infection. Conclusion: Gender, residence, occupation, number of family members, and history of smoking were significantly associated with PTB. However, ventilation, family history of TB, and previous history of PTB were not found to have a statistically significant association with PTB. Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Covid-19, Incidence, Pandemic Condition and Socioeconomic Determinants.
Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Job Satisfaction among nurses: descriptive study
Authors: Farhana Ayyazada , Kouser Samina , Ghani Mansoor , Khatoon Tahira , Asghar Rozina
Published: June 2023

Background: Emotional intelligence affects a nurse's capacity for critical thought, the use of evidence and information in practise, as well as other areas of nursing. Aim: To ascertain the relationship between nurses' job happiness and emotional intelligence in a few tertiary care facilities. Study design: A descriptive Correlational study. Methodology: Structured self-administered questionnaires are used to gather data. The participants' socio-demographic data was presented in the first section. The surveys used to assess the nurses' job satisfaction contained 21 items. The second section of the questionnaire included a self-evaluation of emotional intelligence and management skills for several emotional variations (awareness, relationship, and management). Data is analyzed by SPSS version-20. Results: 79.2% of subjects had high emotional intelligence. According to Job Satisfaction Levels, the majority of respondents (95.11%) were happy with their jobs. The relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction is statistically significant, with an r-value of 0.240 and a P-value of 0.008 respectively. It demonstrates how people with high emotional intelligence typically exhibit more positive behaviors. Practical Implication: This study aided in the investigation of the link between nurses' job happiness and emotional intelligence. Conclusion: The findings emphasise the importance of using emotional intelligence and familiarity with emotions, such as (recognising, understanding, managing, and controlling emotions), to boost nurse job satisfaction, which in turn enhances the quality of nursing care. When employing nursing staff, management should make emotional intelligence a top requirement. Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Emotional Intelligence, Nursing profession and Evaluation.
Descriptive Study Evaluating Nurses Knowledge and Practices Regarding Tracheostomy Care in ICU Patients.
Authors: Khanum Adeeba , . Gulzareen , Owais Mubeen , Fizza Ghulam
Published: June 2023

Background: ICU patient tracheostomy care is a fundamental nursing procedure. The tracheostomy might result in difficulties and causes a great deal of anxiety in patients. A low level of care can have negative consequences such as longer hospital stays, slower recovery times, and greater mortality rates. Aim: To evaluate nurses' tracheostomy care knowledge and practises in ICU patients. Study Design: The descriptive research study design was used. Methodology: 75 nurses who worked in the ICU of three public hospitals in Lahore—Mayo Hospital, Jinnah Hospital, and Shaikh Zayed Hospital—were included in the study's sample. Nurses' practises were assessed by direct observation using a checklist, and their knowledge was assessed using a self-structured questionnaire. The analysis of the data was done using SPSS v 20.0. Results: All participants in the study were ICU nurses. This data makes clear that 0 - 49% of nurses have low knowledge, while 50 - 64% of nurses have average knowledge, and >65% of nurses have adequate knowledge. Conclusion: The majority of participants had sufficient understanding of tracheostomy care. Additionally, it demonstrates that out of 75 nurses, only 0–59% had insufficient skill and > 60% had a sufficient level of performance. Practical Implementation: This study assisted researchers in examining the risk variables related to Tracheostomy treatment in ICU patients because of the increasing number of patients in the ICU. Conclusion: It was concluded that, despite having sufficient information, nurses performed poorly when providing tracheostomy care. Therefore, for the safety of patients, health care facilities must provide organized clinical guidelines and practices. Keywords: Assessment, Knowledge, Practice, Nursing Care and Tracheostomy.