bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MÉTODOS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO ENXUTA: REVISÃO E ANÁLISE CRÍTICA
Authors: Vilar Flora Magna Do Monte , Santos Luciano Costa , Gohr Cláudia Fabiana , Silva Mateus Marcelino da
Published: June 2016

Um dos fatores críticos de sucesso para a manutenção da produção enxuta é o uso de métodos que permitam avaliar a evolução do sistema à medida que é implementado. No entanto, a produção científica sobre os métodos de avaliação ainda está numa fase inicial, carecendo de uma sistematização da literatura que permita gerar o estado da arte sobre o tema. Diante dessa necessidade, este artigo tem como principal objetivo fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre os métodos para avaliação da produção enxuta, de forma a sistematizar o conhecimento já publicado e identificar lacunas de pesquisa que possam guiar o desenvolvimento futuro do assunto. Para isso, foram adotados procedimentos de revisão sistemática para a busca e a análise dos artigos, restringindo o escopo na identificação de características úteis para o desenvolvimento de métodos de avaliação da produção enxuta. A pesquisa gerou um portfólio de 19 artigos, publicados entre os anos de 2002 e 2014. Os artigos selecionados apresentavam métodos de avaliação que foram analisados segundo quatro parâmetros: adequação ao sistema produtivo, avaliação ponderada de práticas, identificação de níveis de implementação e usabilidade. Os resultados demonstram, por um lado, que os métodos atuais apresentam procedimentos sofisticados que continuam evoluindo. Por outro lado, é possível observar que a adequação ao sistema produtivo e a avaliação sistêmica e ponderada das práticas ainda são requisitos negligenciados e que sinalizam o caminho para pesquisas futuras.
The Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Cohort of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry: 2010–2013
Authors: Janow Ginger , Schanberg Laura E. , Setoguchi Soko , Hasselblad Victor , Mellins Elizabeth D. , Schneider Rayfel , Kimura Yukiko ,   CARRA Legacy Registry Investigators
Published: June 2016

Objective.

We aimed to identify the (1) demographic/clinical characteristics, (2) medication usage trends, (3) variables associated with worse disease activity, and (4) characteristics of patients with persistent chronic arthritis in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Legacy Registry’s systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) cohort.

Methods.

Demographics, disease activity measures, and medications at enrollment of patients with sJIA in the CARRA Registry were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Multivariate analyses were conducted to identify associations with increased disease activity. Medication usage frequencies were calculated by year.

Results.

There were 528 patients with sJIA enrolled in the registry (2010–2013). There were 435 patients who had a complete dataset; of these, 372 met the International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria and were included in the analysis. At enrollment, median disease duration and joint count were 3.7 years and 0, respectively; 16.4% had a rash and 6.7% had a fever. Twenty-six percent were taking interleukin 1 (IL-1) inhibitors and 29% glucocorticoids. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors use decreased, while IL-6 inhibitor use increased between 2010 and 2013. African American patients had worse joint counts (p = 0.003), functional status (p = 0.01), and physician’s global assessment (p = 0.008). Of the 255 subjects with > 2 years of disease duration, 56% had no arthritis or systemic symptoms, while 32% had persistent arthritis only.

Conclusion.

Most patients in the largest sJIA cohort reported to date had low disease activity. Practice patterns for choice of biologic agents appeared to change over the study period. Nearly one-third had persistent arthritis without systemic symptoms > 2 years after onset. African Americans were associated with worse disease activity. Strategies are needed to improve outcomes in subgroups with poor prognosis.
Longterm Retention Rate and Risk Factors for Adalimumab Discontinuation Due To Efficacy and Safety in Japanese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Hattori Yosuke , Kojima Toshihisa , Kaneko Atsushi , Kida Daihei , Hirano Yuji , Fujibayashi Takayoshi , Terabe Kenya , Yabe Yuichiro , Miyake Hiroyuki , Kato Takefumi , Takagi Hideki , Hayashi Masatoshi , Ito Takayasu , Kanayama Yasuhide , Oguchi Takeshi , Takahashi Nobunori , Ishikawa Hisato , Funahashi Koji , Ishiguro Naoki
Published: June 2016

Objective.

To evaluate the rates of retention and discontinuation of adalimumab (ADA) due to efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

All patients with RA (n = 476) who were treated with ADA in the Tsurumai Biologics Communication Registry were enrolled.

Results.

The retention rate of ADA was 46% at 5 years. When focusing on insufficient efficacy, previous biologics use and high baseline disease activity were significant risk factors for up to 1 year. Methotrexate (MTX) use was a significantly low risk factor after 1 year of treatment.

Conclusion.

Concomitant MTX contributes to the longterm efficacy of ADA therapy.
Efficacy of Subcutaneous Secukinumab in Patients with Active Psoriatic Arthritis Stratified by Prior Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Use: Results from the Randomized Placebo-controlled FUTURE 2 Study
Authors: Kavanaugh Arthur , McInnes Iain B. , Mease Philip J. , Hall Stephen , Chinoy Hector , Kivitz Alan J. , Wang Zailong , Mpofu Shephard
Published: June 2016

Objective.

To determine the effect of prior tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapy on secukinumab efficacy in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods.

Patients were randomized to secukinumab 300 mg, 150 mg, 75 mg, or placebo.

Results.

American College of Rheumatology 20 responses at Week 24 with secukinumab 300 mg, 150 mg, 75 mg, and placebo were 58.2%, 63.5%, 36.9%, and 15.9% in TNFi-naive (n = 258), and 45.5%, 29.7%, 14.7%, and 14.3% in TNFi-exposed patients (n = 139), respectively. Week 52 responses with secukinumab 300 mg, 150 mg, and 75 mg were 68.7%, 79.4%, and 58.5% in TNFi-naive, and 54.5%, 37.8%, and 35.3% in TNFi-exposed patients, respectively.

Conclusion.

Secukinumab was efficacious in TNFi-naive and TNFi-exposed patients with PsA, with greatest improvements in TNFi-naive patients.
Quand le paysage prend corps : l’imaginaire kinesthésique dans la réception d’ Une barque sur l’océan de Maurice Ravel
Authors: Spampinato Francesco
Published: June 2016

Dans l’histoire de la réception d’ Une barque sur l’océan de Maurice Ravel, des lectures apparemment très différentes coexistent. L’on a tantôt décrit cette pièce comme l’on regarderait à distance un spectacle visuel, alors que d’autres ont évoqué un conflit physique et une implication émotionnelle intense. Cet article tente alors d’étudier ces contradictions apparentes en présentant d’abord les résultats du projet Métakinésis2, qui consistait à mettre en place des expériences d’écoute et à recueillir les témoignages verbaux des auditeurs. En nous appuyant sur un modèle sémiotique, nous avons retrouvé dans l’écriture musicale de Ravel les éléments susceptibles d’inviter un sujet à adopter tel ou tel imaginaire d’écoute. Il a été ainsi possible de reconnaitre les correspondances entre les évocations spontanées des auditeurs et celles que critiques et musicologues ont suggérées tout au long de l’histoire de la réception de cette pièce.
Une approche configurationnelle des styles de campagne
Authors: Desrumaux Clément
Published: June 2016

L’analyse des campagnes s’est souvent faite au prisme de leur évolution diachronique. La pluralité synchronique des pratiques électorales fait rarement l’objet d’analyse, si bien qu’on ignore qu’une même campagne électorale s’incarne en réalité dans des formes plurielles de mobilisation électorale. L’article développe une analyse configurationnelle pour expliquer la façon dont les styles de campagne diffèrent et s’imbriquent inégalement au jeu politique national. À partir du cas britannique et d’une enquête auprès des candidats des partis travaillistes et conservateurs, il s’agit de comprendre comment se structurent les formes de mobilisation électorale. Les styles de campagne électorale varient selon les propriétés des candidats, mais aussi et surtout selon la nature de la compétition et le degré d’intégration au jeu central. Finalement, en tenant compte des trajectoires des candidats ainsi que leurs expériences personnelles, professionnelles ou partisanes, l’approche configurationnelle permet de comprendre le champ des possibles qui orientent l’élaboration des styles de campagne.
La modernisation du porte-à-porte au Parti socialiste. Réinvention d’un répertoire de campagne et inerties militantes
Authors: Lefebvre Rémi
Published: June 2016

Le PS a engagé lors de l’élection présidentielle de 2012 une campagne de porte-à-porte d’une ampleur et d’une forme inédites. Ce dispositif est le produit de la mobilisation de trois jeunes militants ayant participé à la campagne de B. Obama en 2008 et contribué à leur diffusion en France. Ces réformateurs imposent une méthode de porte-à-porte en rupture avec les usages pragmatiques, intuitifs et bricolés de cette technique traditionnelle. Ils sont porteurs d’une conception rationalisée du porte-à-porte qui doit être selon eux « managée », systématisée, ciblée, standardisée et quantifiée. L’article analyse cette entreprise de rationalisation et de managérialisation du porte-à-porte en s’attachant aux raisons de son « succès » mais aussi aux limites qu’elle rencontre.
Treatment of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 With Carotenoid Supplements Containing Meso-Zeaxanthin: A Pilot Study
Authors: Tan Anna C.S. , Balaratnasingam Chandrakumar , Yannuzzi Lawrence A.
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To assess the outcomes of patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel 2) in response to lutein (L), meso-zeaxanthin (M), and zeaxanthin (Z) supplements (LMZ3).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Thirteen patients diagnosed with MacTel 2 were started on lutein 10 mg, meso-zeaxanthin 10 mg, and zeaxanthin 2 mg and were followed-up for a mean period of 15.7 months ± 4.85 months.

RESULTS:

Visual acuity improved in three patients (13%), and there was a reduction in the percentage of patients who had worsening vision (25% to 4%;
P
< .05). Optical coherence tomography changes showed a reduction in the number of cavitations and the largest diameter of the cavitation after the LMZ3 supplements were started. The largest diameter of photoreceptor disruption showed mild improvement in the first 6 months after LMZ3 supplements were started.

CONCLUSION:

LMZ3 supplements may stabilize vision and improve the cavitations in patients with MacTel 2. Larger randomized, controlled studies are required to verify these pilot results.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:528–535.]
Experience Marketing and Tourism
Authors: Bregoli Ilenia
Published: June 2016

Tourism is acknowledged to be highly experiential in nature, but despite these characteristics, in the tourism literature there are few articles that adopt the Service-Dominant logic (S-D logic) for studying tourism experiences. The aim of this paper is to apply the S-D logic to the case of Addiopizzo Travel, a Mafia-free project of responsible tourism set up in Sicily, Italy. Results show the role of Addiopizzo Travel as a central node of the network of firms involved in the project and the role that interactions among Addiopizzo Travel, stakeholders, and visitors have in the co-creation of tourists' experience.
Divorcing after Holidays
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel
Published: June 2016

Divorcing is a common-place practices that characterized our modern daily life. What is more than interesting to explore is why one of third takes after holidays. Are holidays accelerating the social decomposition the founding parents of sociology denounced in earlier century? or simply, as Maccannell puts it, tourism serves as a valve (mechanism) of cohesion similarly to the role played by religion/totems in primitive societies? To answer these questions, we present statistical information given by the Dirección General de Estadística y Censos (Ministerio de Hacienda GCBA). Although this information had its own limitations, which suggests more investigation is needed, we strongly beliefs the outcomes shed light to embrace the theory of vital cycles, as it has been formulated by Turner.
Robust Innovation Anchors in Rural Wellbeing Tourism
Authors: Hjalager Anne-Mette , Tervo-Kankare Kaarina , Tuohino Anja , Konu Henna
Published: June 2016

Innovation in tourism does not take place in a vacuum. Innovators find inspiration from many sources. This article identifies ten innovation anchors, e.g. critical trends that can guide the long-term innovation activity and lead to fundamentally new products, services, delivery mechanisms, organizational models, means of collaboration etc. Innovation anchors are robust as they are found persistently in the recent scholarly literature and appear on a consistent base in business related evidence. Rural wellbeing tourism is area of inquiry. The study reveals that innovation, in the future, can take further advantage of the following: 1) Towards a holistic wellbeing, 2) Connecting with nature and its resources, 3) Altruism included, 4) The rural as a medical prescription, 5) Work-life balance, 6) Wellbeing diversification the rural way, 7) Taking advantage of the climate squeeze, 8) Opening the digital channels, 9) A new puritanism rural style, and 10) The gear dimension.
Financial Crisis and Tourism Activity
Authors: Pappas Nikolaos , Apostolakis Alexandros
Published: June 2016

The current recession has hit hard the European countries, and also affected tourism activity throughout the continent. Considering that several European countries (especially the Mediterranean ones) are heavily dependent upon tourism activity, the recent financial crisis has considerably affected their economy. This effect is strengthened with the parallel adoption of austerity measures aiming at economic recovery and exit from the recession. Despite the substantial magnitude and severity of this crisis, little is known about tourists' reactions in coping in with the recessionary effects. Contrary to the established practice of adopting a macroeconomic perspective in the examination of the impact of financial crises on tourism activity, this book chapter follows recent recommendations in the literature such as Brooner and de Hoog (2012) Kaytaz and Gul (2014) to examine the particular adverse effects of the current financial/economic crisis on individual behaviour and demand patterns. Thus, the research utilises a survey questionnaire to British tourists examining the effect of the current recession on travel and consumption patterns. Socio-demographically, the results reveal that the current recession appears to have a significant effect on gender, since male tourism expenditure is affected more than female one. Moreover, the uncertainty associated with income and employment levels during recession has a particularly strong effect on tourism expenditure. More specifically, uncertainty associated with both income and employment levels during the financial crisis has a negative and statistically significant effect on tourism expenditure. On the other hand, younger and middle aged tourists seem to be fairly unaffected by the financial crisis, as compared to more mature and senior tourists. In addition, the findings indicate that future expectations regarding income levels have no influence on current tourism expenditure patterns. Overall, those respondents that were unsure about the effect of the financial crisis on their current tourism expenditure patterns were also more likely to exhibit ambivalence about the future. The findings provide an interesting insight to tourism decision makers since they illustrate evidence regarding the turning points of demand, especially during periods of economic downturn.
Is Physical Attractiveness More Important than Professional Competency?
Authors: Tsai Chien-Wen
Published: June 2016

The international tourist hotel industry that focuses on quality of the “tangible” service is a typical high-contact service. To survive in the recent competitive work environment, many enterprises enhance their competitiveness in the process of service employee selection and emphasize the importance of physical attractiveness. This study uses self-confidence as a moderator which is rare relevant empirical evidence to confirm the relationships between physical attractiveness, professional competence and service attitude. The results show that confidence of the service personnel, physical attractiveness and professional competence have positive significant correlation relationships with service attitude. Service personnel's “self-confidence” is the most important variable towards service attitude. The study borrows selection and training functions of human resource management to integrate the knowledge of psychology, marketing management to expand the theory.
Mathematics Teacher Education and edTPA
Authors: McCarthy Dianne S. , Burns Barbara A.
Published: June 2016

The development of the educative teacher performance assessment (edTPA) might be considered as beginning over a century ago as mathematics, mathematics teacher education, and the teaching profession strove to improve student learning. Professional teaching organizations such as the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards, industry, and government agencies have been seeking ways to improve teaching, to differentiate among teacher candidates to predict who will be successful teachers and who will not, and to raise the level of student achievement of all students. Along with these goals is the aspiration of recognizing teaching as a profession. To achieve this, complex assessment is necessary. Assessment of teachers, students and teacher preparation programs is necessary. edTPA could lead the way.
Preparing Teachers in the Age of Equity and Inclusion
Authors: Anderson Kelly M.
Published: June 2016

Preparing high quality teachers for practice in P-12 schools has been an extensively debated and controversial topic for many years. Today, with the changing demographics of students in our public schools, topics such as teacher preparation and overall quality of teachers in the U.S. has gained even greater scrutiny from policymakers, private agencies, professional organizations, accreditation boards, and politicians. This chapter explores historical to more recent perspectives of teacher education and related issues surrounding the absence of a universally accepted profile of teacher quality. The chapter also includes illustrations of contemporary teacher preparation programs that have thoughtfully redesigned traditional models into integrated extensive clinical based approaches to preparing teachers. The chapter concludes with a discussion of exemplary teacher preparation practices that align with equitable and inclusive learning environments currently found in public schools.
Teacher Fellows
Authors: Davis Barbara H. , Cearley-Key Terri
Published: June 2016

This chapter describes the Teacher Fellows Program. This program is a school/university partnership that has provided comprehensive mentoring and induction support to more than 400 teachers over the past 20 years. The program is grounded in social-constructivist, cognitive-developmental and teacher development theories. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods have been used to determine the program's effectiveness over time. Results from analyses of the data indicate the program (a) improves teacher retention, (b) increases teacher effectiveness, (c) fosters collaboration between the university and public schools, and (d) impacts student learning.
Teaching with Primary Sources: Moving from Professional Development to a Model of Professional Learning
Authors: Waring Scott M.
Published: June 2016

As providers of professional development opportunities for educators envision what they do, there is strong evidence that productive and effective opportunities should include the following: active learning, authentic professional practice, challenging of assumptions, coherence, collective participation, content focus, duration, learning from participant's own practice, and opportunities for critical refection (Desimone, 2009; Smith, 2010; Webster-Wright, 2009). In the development and facilitation of the Teaching with Primary Sources program, the Library of Congress has incorporated these elements to create a cohesive, collaborative, and engaging model for Professional Learning. To date, tens of thousands of educators have been exposed to the TPS curriculum provided by Library of Congress staff, Consortium members from 17 states throughout the United States, and regional grantees found within all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Using Self-Mentoring to Increase Teacher Efficacy and Confidence as Leaders
Authors: Carr Marsha L.
Published: June 2016

Self-mentoring, the act of leading oneself in an unknown environment, is a sustainable practice of leadership with developing teacher leaders. One manner in which self-mentoring contributes to the development of a teacher leader is through increased confidence and self-efficacy (Bond & Hargreaves, 2014). When the self-efficacy of a classroom teacher increases, the efficacy of the students also increases (Bandura 1997), promoting higher levels of achievement. Public school teachers involved in self-mentoring studies harvested benefits of self-mentoring in their role as a classroom leader through augmented student engagement and motivation, but analogously in school-wide leadership roles. This chapter will elucidate how to use self-mentoring to increase confidence and teacher efficacy as leaders. It begins with an overview of self-mentoring inclusive of theory and the results yielded from several research studies; self-efficacy and confidence as it relates to teacher leadership; and how self-mentoring supports the development of teacher leaders and organizational citizenship.
Multi-Semester Community Building in Higher Education
Authors: Putman S. Michael , Handler Laura K.
Published: June 2016

Within the current educational context, teacher preparation programs are under increasing pressure to demonstrate their effectiveness in producing teachers that impact P-12 student learning. As a result, programs must investigate organizational features that are powerful for preparing preservice candidates to enter the classroom. This research examined how the practice of having one teacher educator instruct courses over multiple semesters to the same group of students can be used to support the development of teacher candidates. This descriptive analysis presents the findings from one university teacher preparation program and what was learned about the potential for the partnership to be a powerful way to structure teacher learning. Implications are discussed as considerations for how this alternate form of organization can facilitate relationship-building, impact theory to practice connections and improve efficacy for teaching and learning.
Revising a Teacher Education Program for Diversity and Social Justice through Culturally Responsive Coursework and Professional Collaboration
Authors: Thieman Gayle Y.
Published: June 2016

A major revision in a graduate teacher education program (GTEP) at a mid-sized urban university provided an opportunity to rethink goals as teacher educators in order to address issues of diversity and social justice. This chapter suggests some answers to the question: What characteristics of a teacher preparation program prepare teacher candidates (TCs) to provide high quality education for all students, including those who have been historically underserved? This chapter reports a case study of the relevant research and implementation of substantially revised university coursework to better prepare teacher candidates for a diverse student population, and increased collaboration to promote program coherence. Revised coursework emphasizes culturally responsive teaching, content area literacy, and accountability for K-12 student learning. Collaboration is facilitated by clustered placements, co-teaching, and lesson study.
Computational Materials Design
Authors: Datta Shubhabrata , Roy Bishnupada , Davim J. Paulo
Published: June 2016

The chapter primarily deals with brief description of different methods of materials modeling which utilizes the scientific theories in different length scales. It also gives an account of the available tools for situations where data driven models are required. Utilization of imprecise knowledge of a materials system for developing mathematical models is also discussed. A brief account of the use of optimization techniques for designing materials is discussed here.
Ab Initio-Based Stochastic Simulations of Kinetic Processes on Surfaces
Authors: Chen Zhengzheng , Wu Chao
Published: June 2016

We briefly present the theoretical framework of a hierarchical multi-scale approach, which is an ab initio-based stochastic method, and its applications to several chemical/physical kinetic processes on metallic surfaces. We first introduce necessary theoretical basis of ab initio and Monte Carlo (MC) methods, and then illustrate different Monte Carlo algorithms for important ensembles, including canonical and grand canonical ensembles. In the following section, we describe two important protocols which are essential to integrate ab initio data and MC models. Two examples are presented in order to elucidate the power of this multi-scale approach. The first example focuses on the combination of kinetic Monte Carlo and transition state theory. We discuss the detailed processes of performing kinetic Monte Carlo simulation on atomic diffusion on alloyed surface, including some technical aspects. In the second example, we presents a different way to account for the local environment-sensitive metal-catalyzed O2 dissociation reactions using combinatory techniques including cluster expansion and grand canonical Monte Carlo methods. This approach provides steady-state rates and rate derivatives that are comparable with experiments. Moreover, the connection between the feasible mechanisms and the observed kinetic behaviors can now be built.
Understanding, Celebrating and Maintaining the “HBCU Experience”
Authors: Tyree Tia C. M. , Cathcart Christopher D.
Published: June 2016

As the debate continues on the relevance of HBCUs in higher education, the voices of alumni are central to understanding the role these institutions play in the academic field. HBCU Experience – The Book was a groundbreaking book published in 2014 designed to capture the stories of HBCU graduates. This chapter's purpose was to 1) identify the dominate themes present in the book, 2) provide an understanding of the cultural habits, practices and activities of HBCUs students individuals, and 3) offer recommendations of what alumni and others can do to assist HBCUs. A thematic analysis revealed multiple themes, including campuses being supportive; family-like environments; diverse student bodies and experiences deepening student development; and individual connections before attending college and during college assisted students with deciding to attend HBCUs remaining within those institutions. It was concluded HBCU staff, faculty and advocates should capitalize on alumni insights to assist students in their matriculations, as they are critical building blocks in establishing thriving, enduring HBCU campuses.
Debunking The Myth of Dependency
Authors: Langmia Kehbuma
Published: June 2016

This chapter examines a bi-polar ideological constructs of Western and Non-western modes of education within the Historically Black Colleges and Universities educational system. Western curricula have ‘colonized' Black world educational systems for centuries making it hard to inculcate African ontological and epistemological ideologies in most universities. As a result, the birth of HBCUs was a welcome relief as African Americans and Blacks from Africa, Latin America, Caribbean and Europe found a ‘home' to be ‘historically aware' of their lineage and ancestry. This chapter makes a case through critical literature to argue that sustaining and empowering these Black Colleges and Universities through Western and Non-western educational traditions constitute the barometer for success. This would ensure their long lasting role in higher education in the United States and the world.
Searching for Humor in Dehumanization
Authors: Demsky Jeffrey
Published: June 2016

During the last two decades, to varying degrees, some American sitcom writers have depicted Nazism and the Holocaust humorously. This sort of activity is visible on such shows as South Park, Family Guy, and Robot Chicken. Many of the writers associated with these comedies are of Jewish heritage; but the joking has stirred only limited controversy. This chapter examines the messaging, delivery, and impact in Holocaust humor. It answers questions such as: What are American comedy writers signaling with these absurd stories? How does their comedic employment contribute to a wider process of misremembering distorting, or diluting known Holocaust accounts? It also analyzes how computer-mediated communications—website like Hulu and Youtube—have transferred these false accounts beyond American audiences.
Negotiation of Wit in Facebook Humour
Authors: Odebunmi Akin , Ajiboye Simeon
Published: June 2016

This chapter unpacks the humorous contents of selected Facebook-based Akpos jokes which have received inadequate attention in the scholarship with respect to wit negotiation which mostly indexes the jokes. Six out of fifteen sampled jokes have been analysed with the theoretic aid of Istvan Kecskes' Socio-Cognitive Approach (SCA), aspects of the common ground theory, aspects of conversation analysis and elements of selected humour theories. The analysis shows three forms of wit negotiation: negotiation of mis-oriented twists, negotiation of dis-preference and negotiation of un-designed twists. In the respective cases, the talk initiating speakers have their logic flawed by recipient speakers, usually Akpos, and consequently get outsmarted; earlier sequentially dispreferred social choices are re-negotiated as preferred options in the light of new discursive realities; and the interactive designs or expectations of talk initiating participants receive undersigned or unexpected sequential responses in symmetrical or asymmetrical relationships. The paper argues that the joke characters' situationally adaptive orientation to apriori or emergent common ground and intention demonstrates the Akpos jokes' recontextualisation of particular Nigerian social and cultural experiences through the characters' socio-cognitive designs in the mediated encounters. It concludes that while these designs offer the relaxant effects jokes are naturally meant to yield, their negotiation mechanisms provide resources for the application of Kecskes' SCA in Facebook humour and produce sarcasm with a wing of moral lessons.
Stand-Up Comedy and Addressivity
Authors: Adetunji Akin
Published: June 2016

This chapter highlights the linguistic value of addressivity in two Youtube downloads of Joan Rivers' stand-up comic performance, Live at the Apollo. Despite the devotion of the six articles of Comedy Studies 2(2) to analyses of the data, very little was said about the linguistic content and identity of the performance. Despite the givenness of a performer's deployment of linguistic resources in any kind of stage performance, the salience of some of the stand-up comedy-specific linguistic forms—repetition, disfluencies, formulaicity, paralanguage, timing, parenthetical expressions, figurative language, direct audience address—is foregrounded in Rivers' performance. These forms are located within and interpreted with Bakhtin's notion of ‘addressivity'. It is argued that her elaborate audience interaction and thematic preoccupation with social, biographical and autobiographical issues are one macro act of addressivity, foregrounding the complex intersection of speaker (comedian), listener (present audience) and third person/superaddressee (non-present audience/previous discourses).
Humour in Visual-Verbal Code-Pairing in Selected Comments on the Facebook Forum
Authors: Lamidi M. T.
Published: June 2016

Visual verbal texts can be interpreted from the perspective of multimodality and intertextuality. This chapter investigates the manner in which visual-verbal code-pairing in texts becomes humorous within specific contexts and the role of incongruity as a major ingredient of humour. Adopting a combination of visual semiotics theory, incongruity theory and superiority theory, the author analyzed 50 purposively sampled humorous texts on Facebook for the meaning and humour inherent in them. The author demonstrates that the two parts to the visual-verbal humour may constitute a composite whole, forming the unexpected portion, while the background to the joke serves as the expected.
Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Assessment for the Production of Green Composites
Authors: Jain Siddharth , Zhang Xiaolei
Published: June 2016

Botanically, green composites belong to an economically important seed plant family that includes maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum known as Saccharum offi cinarum. There are so many natural fibers available in the environment such as rice husk, hemp fibers, flax fibers, bamboo fibers, coconut fiber, coconut coir, grawia optiva and many others also. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a process to estimate the environmental feature and potential impacts related to a product, by organizing a directory of pertinent inputs and outputs of a product system, assessing the potential environmental impacts related with the said inputs and outputs, explaining the results of the inventory analysis and impact evaluation phases in connection to the objectives of the study. Particularly Bagasse, an agricultural residue not only becomes a problem from the environmental point of view, but also affects the profitability of the sugarcane industries. This chapter discusses the properties, processing methods and various other aspects including economic and environmental aspects related to green composites.
The Role of Theory in EdD Programs and Dissertations in Practice
Authors: Zambo Debby , Zambo Ron
Published: June 2016

Labaree shed light on the problems particular to the preparation of educational researchers who are practitioners. This is especially salient to faculty working in newly deigned EdD programs affiliated with the Carnegie Project in the Education Doctorate (CPED) because they are working to develop scholarly practitioners with dissertations in practice. Key to this preparation is the need for EdD students to balance what they learn, or their new cultural orientation, from normative to analytical, personal to intellectual, particular to universal, and experiential to theoretical. This chapter focuses on Labaree's difference of the experiential to the theoretical. The chapter provides varied definitions of theory and what this means for practitioners working to find answers to problems of practice while seeking doctorates. The theories EdD students find most relevant are provided along with samples of theoretical frameworks from actual dissertations. Conclusions lead to a critical yet, hopeful view of theory and practice.
Dissertation Redesign for Scholarly Practitioners in Educational Leadership
Authors: MacGregor Cynthia J. , Fellabaum Jennifer
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the innovative Dissertation-in-Practice model being implemented in the University of Missouri Statewide Cooperative Doctoral Program in Educational Leadership (EdD Program). This doctoral program develops scholarly practitioners who are able to address critical problems of practice through the use of theory, inquiry, and practice-oriented knowledge. While these skills are utilized to create purposeful, professional products throughout the program, the redesigned Dissertation-in-Practice at MU is intended to further showcase the impact of the students' work as scholarly practitioners through dissemination-ready components. The chapter includes the history of the program and a description of the process through which program faculty redesigned the dissertation from a traditional five-chapter model to its current six section form. This restructuring, which includes dissemination to scholars and practitioners, is detailed. The chapter concludes with emerging supports for the scholarly practitioner graduates.
Guiding Principles for Quality Professional Practice Dissertations
Authors: Dawson Kara , Kumar Swapna
Published: June 2016

In this chapter the authors share the guiding principles for professional practice dissertations developed and studied within their online EdD in Educational Technology at the University of Florida. While these guiding principles were developed approximately four years before the call for chapters for this book was released, they align nicely with at least three pertinent themes that frame this book (i.e. the importance of addressing critical problems of practice, applying research rigor involving real theory and inquiry and demonstrating impact of research). The authors make explicit connections between their guiding principles and these themes and provide examples of how the themes have played out in dissertations completed in their program. The authors then provide implications for others seeking to structure (or restructure) the way dissertations are conceptualized in their professional practice problems.
Becoming Practitioner-Scholars
Authors: Ravitch Sharon M. , Lytle Susan L.
Published: June 2016

This chapter explores how educational leaders learn to engage in site-based inquiry within a leadership-focused doctoral program through coursework and dissertation research. There is a dearth of research on educational leaders engaging in research, and specifically in local inquiries, that speaks to how leaders enact practitioner research in their institutional settings and how this kind of engagement in inquiry influences their leadership practices. This chapter is the outgrowth of considerable program and dissertation structure development over 14 years and argues that there is considerable value, for mid-career leaders and for the field, in doing rigorous research as part of their doctoral studies. The chapter describes how dissertations are conceptualized, cultivated, and framed within the Mid-Career Doctoral Program in Educational and Organizational Leadership at the University of Pennsylvania; it explores the relationships among coursework, dissertation research, inquiry-based leadership practices, and the cultivation of scholar-practitioners in leadership.
Enacting a Cycle of Inquiry Capstone Research Project in Doctoral-Level Leadership Preparation
Authors: Cosner Shelby , Tozer Steve , Zavitkovsky Paul
Published: June 2016

Over the last decade, the doctorate in Urban Education Leadership at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) has been redesigned to respond to two distinct but important challenges: (a) the challenge of creating greater distinction between the academic and professional doctorates, and (b) the challenge of improving the nature and quality of its principal preparation program. Within the context of a broader multi-year program improvement and redesign effort, program faculty designed and enacted an alternate Culminating Research Experience (CRE) for their doctoral students. This CRE emphasizes the leadership of cycles of inquiry for school-wide improvement over a two-year period of time and the subsequent analysis of this work using empirical and scholarly literature. The accounting provided in this article advances existing literature by making visible many of the important granular details associated with this CRE as well as considerations associated with its design and implementation within a doctoral-level leadership preparation program.
Assessing the Performance of a Cohort-Based Model Using Domestic and International Practices
Authors: Sabina Lou L. , Curry Katherine A. , Harris Edward L. , Krumm Bernita L. , Vencill Vallory
Published: June 2016

This chapter discusses the successes, strengths, and lessons learned during a five-year international Ed.D. program, which took place from 2007 to 2012 in Belize through a partnership with the Consortium for Belize Educational Cooperation. The objectives of the chapter are to (1) provide a brief history and explanation of the program including an overview of the Belize educational system, (2) explain how the program filled a need for both our institution and the country of Belize, (3) discuss the strengths and lessons learned in this cohort model for international educators, (4) offer a framework for other educational leadership preparation programs that might attempt international cohort-model doctoral programs, and (5) suggest implications for improving domestic practices through faculty and student participation in an international doctoral program.
Principles of Discussion in Qualitative Educational Research
Authors: Zhang Shaoan
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to offer perspectives of basic principles of writing discussion section in a qualitative research article or dissertation. The first portion of the chapter explains how to link the discussion of the findings to each component: brief summary of the findings, contribution to previous studies, contribution to the theory, implications, and limitations. The explanation includes examples that help readers get a glimpse of the connection. Built on the aforementioned explanation, this chapter also raises the common problems related to each element and further discusses the challenges for novice scholars. The second portion of the chapter focuses on scholars' expected development of knowledge and abilities for meaningfully connecting these five elements. Additionally, the importance of seeing findings through a holistic lens is discussed and meaningful implications for educational research, practice, and/or policy are provided.
Integration to the WTO and Economic Transition in the South Caucasus Economies
Authors: Aliyev Khatai
Published: June 2016

Economic transition story in the South Caucasus economies started after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Theoretically, integration to the World Trade Organization (WTO) system should improve the economic transition performance. This research uses the yearly transition indicators by the EBRD to discover the relationship between economic transition performance and integration to the WTO in the contexts of before-and-after WTO membership and before-and-after the end of concession period defined for a new member to implement all obligations. Author employs bivariate de-trended regression analysis estimated by using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), individually for Armenia and Georgia, and within a panel analysis covering all three countries of the region. Research findings provide strong evidence of significant positive or acceleratory effect of integration to the WTO on economic transition in the South Caucasus. Surprise finding is insignificant impact over competition policy index, which is supposed to be affected by integration.
Inward and Outward Foreign Investments of the Asian Economies in Transition and India
Authors: Ghosh Ishita , Chakrabarti Sukalpa
Published: June 2016

This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part examines panel data evidence concerning empirical significance of the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in CLMV countries. Theoretical and empirical findings and outcomes on FDI have been considered to test the model for the aforementioned nations. The data has been taken from the World Bank through 2005-2014. Findings accept the four proposed hypotheses and the results are significant. The second part explores the trade and FDI situation in CLMV through secondary data, and establishes that India has potential to augment bi-lateral ties through this route. Literature review for this section also corroborates with the findings of the first part.
Learners and Mobile
Authors: Paragas Fernando de la Cruz
Published: June 2016

Studies about mobile phones, the learning process, and educational institutions have grown in recent years though research has mostly focused in the United States and in specific groups. This research contributes to the literature by looking at three educational levels in Singapore and by taking a two-pronged approach to the relationship among these three variables. It answers the following reflexivity: How do students learn to use mobile phone functions? How do they use mobile phones for learning functions? This chapter considers learning as the reflexive process where attitude and aptitude are acquired and shared for curricular and extra-curricular activities. Findings indicate two themes: how students 1) develop the skills to use the expanding array of mobile phone technologies, and integrate these in their daily life and 2) use mobile phones in school and in their schoolwork. Data for the study came from focus interviews with 36 informants who were selected through maximum variation sampling according to their age, educational level, and household income.
Local News and Mobile
Authors: Harvey Kenneth E.
Published: June 2016

The first economic tipping for traditional media hit in 2006 when newspaper revenues began to collapse. Leonard Downie Jr. (2009), vice president at large for the Washington Post, notes how most newspaper executives knew that the time would come when the Internet would begin stealing newspaper readers and revenues, but they didn't expect it to happen so quickly. That is the nature of a tipping point. In one year, according to Downie, they were at an economic high and adding personnel to their news staff, and the next year they were laying people off. How quickly the economic downturn occurred took them and many other newspapers by surprise. In 2005 newspapers achieved $49.4 billion in advertising revenues. By 2014 revenues had fallen about 60% to $19.9 billion (Pew, 2015). There is evidence that such a tipping point is about to hit local TV stations. These two tipping points could lead to the end of quality local news coverage. This chapter explores how newspapers and TV stations can survive and flourish in the Digital Age.
Journalists and Mobile
Authors: Meyer Hans Karl , Speakman Burton
Published: June 2016

Despite the high profile of many social media activist efforts, such as the Arab Spring, researchers are still questioning whether these mostly online campaigns can lead to real world impact. Journalists are also asking themselves what role they fill as they watch, comment on, and cover the deluge of activism on Twitter, Facebook, and other sites. Through a comprehensive review of the literature on social capital and its intersection with the Internet and social media, this chapter suggests that social media can lead to social capital, but journalists provide the key ingredient to lead to lasting social change. Literature on the goals and aims of journalism, coupled with a review of its vital role in a community, point to the need for the context and verification that journalism provides in order for social media to transform into social capital.