bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical analysis plan for the LAKANA trial: a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel group, three-arm clinical trial testing the effects of mass drug administration of azithromycin on mortality and other outcomes among 1–11-month-old infants in Mali
Authors: Luoma Juho , Adubra Laura , Alber Dagmar , Ashorn Per , Ashorn Ulla , Cloutman-Green Elaine , Diallo Fatoumata , Ducker Camilla , Elovainio Riku , Fan Yue-Mei , Gates Lily , Gruffudd Gwydion , Haapaniemi Tiia , Haidara Fadima , Hallamaa Lotta , Ihamuotila Rikhard , Klein Nigel , Martell Owen , Sow Samba , Vehmasto Taru , Cheung Yin Bun
Published: November 2023

Background

The Large-scale Assessment of the Key health-promoting Activities of two New mass drug administration regimens with Azithromycin (LAKANA) trial in Mali aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of azithromycin (AZI) mass drug administration (MDA) to 1–11-month-old infants as well as the impact of the intervention on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and mechanisms of action of azithromycin. To improve the transparency and quality of this clinical trial, we prepared this statistical analysis plan (SAP).

Methods/design

LAKANA is a cluster randomized trial that aims to address the mortality and health impacts of biannual and quarterly AZI MDA. AZI is given to 1–11-month-old infants in a high-mortality setting where a seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) program is in place. The participating villages are randomly assigned to placebo (control), two-dose AZI (biannual azithromycin-MDA), and four-dose AZI (quarterly azithromycin-MDA) in a 3:4:2 ratio. The primary outcome of the study is mortality among the intention-to-treat population of 1–11-month-old infants. We will evaluate relative risk reduction between the study arms using a mixed-effects Poisson model with random intercepts for villages, using log link function with person-years as an offset variable. We will model outcomes related to secondary objectives of the study using generalized linear models with considerations on clustering.

Conclusion

The SAP written prior to data collection completion will help avoid reporting bias and data-driven analysis for the primary and secondary aims of the trial. If there are deviations from the analysis methods described here, they will be described and justified in the publications of the trial results.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov IDNCT04424511. Registered on 11 June 2020.
The CD2v protein of African swine fever virus inhibits macrophage migration and inflammatory cytokines expression by downregulating EGR1 expression through dampening ERK1/2 activity
Authors: Zhang Min , Lv Lilei , Luo Huaye , Cai Hongming , Yu Lingxue , Jiang Yifeng , Gao Fei , Tong Wu , Li Liwei , Li Guoxin , Zhou Yanjun , Tong Guangzhi , Liu Changlong
Published: November 2023

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious and deadly virus that leads to high mortality rates in domestic swine populations. Although the envelope protein CD2v of ASFV has been implicated in immunomodulation, the molecular mechanisms underlying CD2v-mediated immunoregulation remain unclear. In this study, we generated a stable CD2v-expressing porcine macrophage (PAM-CD2v) line and investigated the CD2v-dependent transcriptomic landscape using RNA-seq. GO terms enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that CD2v predominantly affected the organization and assembly process of the extracellular matrix. Wound healing and Transwell assays showed that CD2v inhibited swine macrophage migration. Further investigation revealed a significant decrease in the expression of transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1) through inhibiting the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Notably, EGR1 knockout in swine macrophages restricted cell migration, whereas EGR1 overexpression in PAM-CD2v restored the ability of macrophage migration, suggesting that CD2v inhibits swine macrophage motility by downregulating EGR1 expression. Furthermore, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing for EGR1 and the histone mark H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac), and we found that EGR1 co-localized with the activated histone modification H3K27ac neighboring the transcriptional start sites. Further analysis indicated that EGR1 and H3K27ac co-occupy the promoter regions of cell locomotion-related genes. Finally, by treating various derivatives of swine macrophages with lipopolysaccharides, we showed that depletion of EGR1 decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL1α, IL1β, IL6, and IL8, which play essential roles in inflammation and host immune response. Collectively, our results provide new insights into the immunomodulatory mechanism of ASFV CD2v.
Agent-based cloud simulation model for resource management
Authors: Dong Dapeng
Published: November 2023

Driven by the successful service model and growing demand, cloud computing has evolved from a moderate-sized data center consisting of homogeneous resources to a heterogeneous hyper-scale computing ecosystem. This evolution has made the modern cloud environment increasingly complex. Large-scale empirical studies of essential concepts such as resource allocation, virtual machine migration, and operational cost reduction have typically been conducted using simulations. This paper presents an agent-based cloud simulation model for resource management. The focus is on how service placement strategies, service migration, and server consolidation affect the overall performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous clouds, in terms of energy consumption, resource utilization, and violation of service-level agreements. The main cloud elements are modeled as autonomous agents whose properties are encapsulated. The complex relationships between components are realized through asynchronous agent-to-agent interactions. Operating states and statistics are displayed in real time. In the evaluation, the efficiency of the simulator is studied empirically. The performance of various resource management algorithms is assessed using statistical methods, and the accuracy of server energy consumption models is examined. The results show that agent-based models can accurately reflect cloud status at a fine-grained level.
DB3 from Antarctic lichen inhibits the growth of B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Choi Seyeon , Kim Huiji , Shin Seong-Ah , Kim Moonsu , Moon Sun Young , Kim Minji , Lee Seulah , Lee Jun Hyuck , Park Hyun Ho , Youn Ui Joung , Lee Chang Sup
Published: November 2023

Malignant melanoma is a fatal disease with an increasing global incidence. Despite numerous studies focused on anti-cancer drugs, a variety of side effects of cancer treatment remain challenging. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify novel anti-cancer agents with minimal cytotoxicity and side effects. DB3 (1,3,7,9-tetrahydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-4,6-di[ethanoyl]dibenzofuran) is a member of the dibenzofuran family and is extracted from Ramalina terebrata (Antarctic lichen). We investigated if DB3 exerted an antitumor effect on B16F10 melanoma cells. The results revealed that DB3 exerted time- and dose-dependent reduction of cell viability by inducing apoptosis and significantly suppressing cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in B16F10 melanoma cells. Additionally, DB3 impeded the migration and invasiveness of B16F10 cells. Subsequently, we observed that DB3 decreased the expression levels of Cdk4/Cyclin D1 and the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK, and AKT. Furthermore, DB3 decreased melanoma tumor growth in a mouse tumor syngraft model. Based on these findings, we propose that DB3 possesses potential for use as an anti-cancer agent for melanoma treatment.
A real-world case–control study on the efficacy and safety of pulsed field ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yang Ming , Wang Peng-yu , Hao Ying-lu , Liang Mei , Yu Zi-yang , Li Xi-chen , Li Yan-ping
Published: November 2023

Objective

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pulsed field ablation in individuals diagnosed with atrial fibrillation.

Methods

A total of 36 patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation were enrolled in the pulsed field ablation group, while another 36 patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation were included in the radiofrequency ablation group. Among the study participants, 15 patients in the pulsed field ablation group and 17 patients in the radiofrequency ablation group had persistent atrial fibrillation. Comprehensive comparisons were made between the two groups, including baseline data, underlying diseases, medication usage, intraoperative parameters, and atrial fibrillation recurrence rates at 1, 3, and 6 months during the postoperative follow-up period.

Results

(1) There were no significant differences observed between the two groups concerning baseline data and antiarrhythmic drug usage (P > 0.05); (2) the effective ablation time for both left and right pulmonary veins in the pulsed field ablation group was markedly shorter compared to the radiofrequency ablation group (P < 0.001 for each vein); (3) within the pulsed field ablation group, the number of discharges, catheter operation time, and effective ablation time for the left pulmonary vein were significantly higher than those for the right pulmonary vein (P < 0.05). Conversely, in the radiofrequency ablation group, the number of discharges for the left pulmonary vein was significantly higher than that for the right pulmonary vein (P < 0.05); and (4) when comparing sinus rhythm maintenance at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively, no statistically significant differences were noted between the two groups for paroxysmal, persistent, and paroxysmal + persistent atrial fibrillation cases (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

During the 6-month follow-up period, pulsed field ablation demonstrated comparable efficacy to radiofrequency ablation with respect to recurrence rates for both paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Moreover, pulsed field ablation exhibited high safety levels, excellent surgical efficiency, and a notably brief learning curve, affirming its viability as a therapeutic option for these conditions.
Translation of patients’ advance directives in intensive care units: are we there yet?
Authors: Baumann Sira M. , Kruse Natalie J. , Kliem Paulina S. C. , Amacher Simon A. , Hunziker Sabina , Dittrich Tolga D. , Renetseder Fabienne , Grzonka Pascale , Sutter Raoul
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This review examined studies regarding the implementation and translation of patients’ advance directives (AD) in intensive care units (ICUs), focusing on practical difficulties and obstacles.

Methods

The digital PubMed and Medline databases were screened using predefined keywords to identify relevant prospective and retrospective studies published until 2022.

Results

Seventeen studies from the United States, Europe, and South Africa (including 149,413 patients and 1210 healthcare professionals) were identified. The highest prevalence of ADs was described in a prospective study in North America (49%), followed by Central Europe (13%), Asia (4%), Australia and New Zealand (4%), Latin America (3%), and Northern and Southern Europe (2.6%). While four retrospective studies reported limited effects of ADs, four retrospective studies, one survey and one systematic review indicated significant effects on provision of intensive care, higher rates of do-not-resuscitate orders, and care withholding in patients with ADs. Four of these studies showed shorter ICU stays, and lower treatment costs in patients with ADs. One prospective and two retrospective studies reported issues with loss, delayed or no transmission of ADs. One survey revealed that 91% of healthcare workers did not regularly check for ADs. Two retrospective studies and two survey revealed that the implementation of directives is further challenged by issues with their applicability, phrasing, and compliance by the critical care team and family members.

Conclusions

Although ADs may improve intensive- and end-of-life care, insufficient knowledge, lack of awareness, poor communication between healthcare providers and patients or surrogates, lack of standardization of directives, as well as ethical and legal concerns challenge their implementation.
Mechanisms of hyponatremia and diabetes insipidus after acute spinal cord injury: a critical review
Authors: Li Lianhua , Guo Yanhui , Chen Chen , Wang Zhonghe , Liu Zhi
Published: November 2023

The incidence of hyponatremia after spinal cord injury was reported to be between 25 and 80%. Hyponatremia can lead to a variety of clinical symptoms, from mild to severe and even life-threatening. Hyponatremia is often associated with diabetes insipidus, which refers to insufficient arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion or defective renal response to AVP, with clinical manifestations of syndromes such as hypoosmolality, polydipsia, and polydipsia. Recent mechanistic studies on hyponatremia and diabetes insipidus after acute spinal cord injury have been performed in isolation, without integrating the above two symptoms into different pathological manifestations that occur in the same injury state and without considering the acute spinal cord injury patient’s condition as a whole. The therapeutic principles of CSWS and SIADH are in opposition to one another. It is not easy to identify the mechanism of hyponatremia in clinical practice, which makes selecting the treatment difficult. According to the existing theories, treatments for hyponatremia and diabetes insipidus together are contraindicated, whether the mechanism of hyponatremia is thought to be CSWS or SIADH. In this paper, we review the mechanism of these two pathological manifestations and suggest that our current understanding of the mechanisms of hyponatremia and diabetes insipidus after high acute cervical SCI is insufficient, and it is likely that there are other undetected pathogenetic mechanisms.
Glutamate as a new path in discrimination between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rabah Amany Mahmoud , El Sayed El Awady Mohamed , Rashed Laila Ahmed , Elelwany Doaa Abdellatif , Fotouh Al-Shaimaa Mahmoud Aboul
Published: November 2023

Background

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) used to be considered as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), however the recent detection of a highly specific serum biomarkers for NMOSD have made clear that NMOSD is a condition distinct from MS. The aim was to explore the role of serum glutamate level in the discrimination between NMOSD and relapsing remitting (RR) MS patients during and in between relapses. The study comprised two groups; first group, a total of 30 NMOSD patients, they were furtherly subdivided into NMOSD in remission, 15 patients without recent relapses in the last 3 months, NMOSD with relapse, 15 patients with recent relapses in the last 3 months, the second group, 30 definite, RRMS patients, they were further subdivided into RRMS in remission, 15 patients without recent relapses in the last 3 months RRMS with relapse, 15 patients with recent relapses in the last 3 months.

Results

Without relapse, NMOSD patients have higher level of serum glutamate than RRMS patients with (P values = 0.005), a significant difference between EDSS in NMOSD patients and RRMS patients (P = 0.0001), The cut-off value of glutamate serum level between NMOSD in remission and RRMS in remission was > 10.3 μg/mL, yet its level for differentiation between group RRMS in remission and RRMS with relapse was > 12.6 μg/mL.

Conclusion

Glutamate cut-off value might be a reliable tool to discriminate between NMOSD and RRMS.
Fourier domain vertical derivative of the nonpotential squared analytical signal of dike and step magnetic anomalies: A case of serendipity
Authors: de Souza Jeferson , Oliveira Saulo Pomponet , Szameitat Luizemara Soares Alves , de Souza Filho Oderson Antônio , Ferreira Francisco José Fonseca
Published: November 2023

Vertical derivatives of nonpotential fields are, intentionally or not, often performed in the Fourier domain producing nonphysical but interpretable results. Using the dike model, we prove that the vertical derivative of the squared analytic signal amplitude calculated in the Fourier domain does not correspond to the true one. We derive an analytical expression for this pseudovertical derivative, providing a mathematical meaning for it. One significant difference between the pseudo and true vertical derivative is that the former possesses real roots, whereas the latter does not. Taking advantage of this attribute, we find using synthetic and field data that the pseudovertical derivative can be used for qualitative and quantitative interpretation of magnetic data, despite being nonphysical. As an example of the usefulness of this filter in qualitative interpretation, we convert the image of the pseudoderivative to a binary image where the anomalies are treated as discrete objects. This allows us to morphologically enhance, disconnect, classify, and filter them using the tools of shape analysis and mathematical morphology. We also illustrate its usefulness in quantitative interpretation by deriving a formula for estimating the depths of magnetic thin dikes and infinite steps. Our outcomes are also corroborated by the observation of outcrops found by field surveys.
Bayesian rock-physics inversion using a localized ensemble-based approach — With an application to the Alvheim field
Authors: Spremić Mina , Eidsvik Jo , Avseth Per
Published: November 2023

We describe, implement, and show the results of a localized ensemble-based approach for seismic amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) inversion with uncertainty quantification. Ensembles are simulated from prior probability distributions for fluid saturations and clay content. Starting with continuous saturations and clay content variables, we use depth-varying models for cementation and grain contact theory, Gassmann fluid substitution with mixed saturations, and approximations to the Zoeppritz equations for the AVO attributes at the top-reservoir. The local conditioning to seismic AVO observations relies on (1) the misfit between ensemble simulated seismic AVO data and the field observations in a local partition of the grid/local patch, of inlines/crosslines around the locations where we aim to predict, (2) correlations between the simulated reservoir properties and the data in local patches, and (3) local assessment to avoid unrealistic updates based on spurious correlations in the ensembles. Data from the Alvheim field in the North Sea are used to demonstrate the approach. The influence of the prior information from the well logs in combination with the seismic reflection data indicates the presence of higher oil and gas saturation in the lobe structures of the field and increased clay content at their edges.
DHT and Insulin Upregulate Secretion of the Soluble Decoy Receptor of IL-33 From Decidualized Endometrial Stromal Cells
Authors: Salamon Daniel , Ujvari Dorina , Hellberg Anton , Hirschberg Angelica Lindén
Published: November 2023

Interleukin 33 (IL-33) signaling regulates most of the key processes of pregnancy, including decidualization, trophoblast proliferation and invasion, vascular remodeling, and placental growth. Accordingly, dysregulation of IL-33, its membrane-bound receptor (ST2L, transducer of IL-33 signaling), and its soluble decoy receptor (sST2, inhibitor of IL-33 signaling) has been linked to a wide range of adverse pregnancy outcomes that are common in women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome, that is, conditions associated with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. To reveal if androgens and insulin might modulate uteroplacental IL-33 signaling, we investigated the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and/or insulin on the expression of ST2L and sST2 (along with the activity of their promoter regions), IL-33 and sIL1RAP (heterodimerization partner of sST2), during in vitro decidualization of endometrial stromal cells from 9 healthy women. DHT and insulin markedly upregulated sST2 secretion, in addition to the upregulation of its messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, while the proximal ST2 promoter, from which the sST2 transcript originates, was upregulated by insulin, and in a synergistic manner by DHT and insulin combination treatment. On the other hand, sIL1RAP was slightly downregulated by insulin and IL-33 mRNA expression was not affected by any of the hormones, while ST2L mRNA expression and transcription from its promoter region (distal ST2 promoter) could not be detected or showed a negligibly low level. We hypothesize that high levels of androgens and insulin might lead to subfertility and pregnancy complications, at least partially, through the sST2-dependent downregulation of uteroplacental IL-33 signaling.
TUNING MECHANICAL RESPONSE OF HIERARCHICAL COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Authors: DARNAL ARYABHAT , MANTRI KANAK , KIM JEEEUN , KALANTAR NEGAR , MULIANA ANASTASIA
Published: November 2023

By varying the arrangements of microstructures and constituents in bodies allows for effectively tuning the mechanical performance of composite structures, i.e., increasing stiffness and toughness, maximizing energy dissipation, etc. We explore the use of programmable filaments consisting of soft and hard constituents in tuning the mechanical properties of materials used for kerf structures. Kerf structures consist of connected microstructural topology with spatially controlled flexibility enabling for easy macroscopic and microscopic shape reconfigurations. Using additive manufacturing (AM), we first fabricate programmable filaments out of Polylactic acid (PLA) and Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymers which we will then use to print kerf structures. We demonstrate the use of kerf structures with programmable filaments to enhance toughness and energy dissipation, which is driven by microstructural shape reconfigurations of kerf topology and hierarchical failure of the programmable filaments.
LOW-VELOCITY REPEATED IMPACT BEHAVIORS OF POLYMER FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS (PFRPS)
Authors: KO SEUNGHYUN , QIAO YAO , ROOSENDAAL TIMOTHY J. , DENNY ADAM C. , RAMOS JOSE L. , KUANG WENBIN , SHAHWAN KHALED W. , SIMMONS KEVIN L.
Published: November 2023

Modern fiber-reinforced composites have become ubiquitous across multiple industries due to their excellent weight-to-strength ratio. Typically glass or carbon fibers are widely used. While Glass or Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics (GFPRs or CFPRs) have good stiffness, strength, and fatigue life, they are expensive and difficult to recycle. Researchers are exploring Polymer Fiber-Reinforced Plastics (PFRPs) as an alternative solution. PFRPs utilize polymer fibers and a polymer matrix. A wide range of materials options is available, including low-cost thermoplastics such as polyethylene or polypropylene. These thermoplastics are easy to handle and recyclable without special methods. Manufacturing parts using thermoplastics are well-established as well. However, their mechanical performances have not been extensively studied compared to GFRPs or CFRPs. This study examines the low-velocity impact resistance of PFRPs made of different thermoplastics. The low-velocity impacts are applied through a drop-weight tower. The experiment is divided into two cases: a single perforation impact and low-energy repeated impacts. Energy absorption and the number of impacts to failure are measured. The results are compared to traditional CFRPs which have a thermoset matrix. The PFRPs demonstrate energy absorption capabilities comparable to or greater than those of CFRPs with respect to specimen thickness and density. Additionally, the PFRPs show significantly higher impacts-to-failure than the CFRPs in low-energy repeated impact tests. This is particularly noteworthy considering that the PFRPs are much simpler and more economical to manufacture than CFRPs. To further explore the advantages of PFRPs, we upcycle or heal PFRP panels after impacts. The healing process is identical to the initial panel manufacturing process. Healed PFRPs are impacted again, and their impact resistances are measured. The healed PFRPs can regain 20 to 30% of their energy absorption capability. These results are remarkable compared to the traditional CFRPs where any healing or repairing process is difficult and time-consuming.
ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR TRANSVERSE TENSILE STRENGTH PREDICTION OF THERMOSET COMPOSITES
Authors: SHAH SAGAR P. , MAIARU MARIANNA
Published: November 2023

Evaluating the transverse tensile response of Polymer Matrix Composite (PMCs) is an extremely challenging problem since it is greatly influenced by the stress concentration induced within the composite microstructures by random fiber inclusions. This study presents a novel methodology to develop an analytical solution for transverse composite strength prediction. A computational micromechanical study of composite microstructures with varying fiber volume fraction is carried out to accurately predict their transverse strength. Local stress concentration in composites due to fiber inclusion is investigated and a global stress concentration factor for each analyzed microstructure is quantified using statistical descriptor. Transverse composite strengths from FE simulations are expressed as a function of the constituent properties and the global stress concentration factors to derive a material system-specific analytical relation.
STATIC AND FATIGUE CHARACTERIZATION OF MODE I FRACTURE IN ADHESIVELY BONDED COMPOSITES BASED ON THE J-INTEGRAL APPROACH
Authors: WEEKS SHAWN , CZABAJ MICHAEL
Published: November 2023

In this work, efforts are made to further develop tests for characterization of mode I quasi-static and fatigue fracture of adhesively bonded composites based on the J-integral approach using the double cantilever beam (DCB) test. This work will address the few remaining challenges that must be resolved before standardization of these test methods. Specifically presented are the attempts to: 1) establish a robust procedure for measuring JI using specimen arm rotation and the applied load, 2) determine specimen geometry that would enable accurate characterization of the traction separation law (TSL) during DCB testing, and 3) develop a protocol for J-controlled fatigue testing without explicit knowledge of crack extension.
STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS EVALUATION OF ALUMINUM-BASED OPEN AND CLOSED-CELL FOAM CORE SANDWICH PANELS FOR COMPARISON TO AM2 AL 6061-T6 MATS: AN INITIAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: POVEDA RONALD L.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the present study is to explore lightweight aluminum foam-core sandwich panel materials and structural configurations in order to compare their mechanical performance to that of Marine Corps AM2 Al 6061-T6 mats. The objective is to quantify the property variations with tailoring of foam core type and base skin structure and compare them to AM2 mechanical performance of specimens of similar dimensional scale on the basis of strength, stiffness and weight, among other properties. Quasi-static tests have been conducted and the resulting analysis has yielded strength-to-weight ratio increases of 11.2% under compression and 48.9% under flexure; the data variations are observed considering that the thickness of select specimen configurations is 50% lower than that of the AM2 mat configuration. The results aim to determine potential viable material/structural alternatives to inform future aircraft landing platform designs with the goal of enhancing logistics and maintaining or exceeding current matting mechanical performance.
ECG of the month
Authors: Bloe Charles
Published: November 2023

In this issue's ECG of the month, Charles Bloe presents the case of an 86-year-old care home resident who commenced cardiac telemetry after experiencing vacant episodes.
The patient with an acute painful wrist
Authors: Harries Katherine , Osmani Humza T , Patel Jugal , Robinson Philip , Horwitz Maxim D , Ahmed Naeem
Published: November 2023

Patients with wrist pain commonly present to primary care and emergency departments. A detailed history and examination, alongside relevant imaging, will help find the correct diagnosis and ensure that patients receive the correct treatment in a timely manner. This article summarises the key points in history and examination and the role of imaging, including suggestions of which modality should be requested. Finally, important acute pathologies are highlighted, including fractures, soft tissue injuries and infection, with examples of their relevant imaging.
Parasiticides: perspectives and prospects
Authors: Forbes Andrew
Published: November 2023

For over 50 years, anthelmintics, insecticides and acaricides have played a central role in the treatment and control of ruminant parasites, but over the same time-frame, their effectiveness has gradually diminished through the emergence of resistance. Currently, in parallel with initiatives to reduce on-farm use of antibiotics, the routine use of anthelmintics and ectoparasiticides is actively discouraged by several organisations and individuals. For these reasons, there is little incentive for the animal health industry to discover and develop new products for farm animals. While the removal of parasites in clinical disease must inevitably rest on effective therapeutics, longer term control of parasitism can be facilitated through complementary practices that enhance host resistance and resilience and reduce parasite challenge. When parasiticides are used, preservation and maintenance of refugia are key to reducing selection pressure for resistance and mitigating any untoward side-effects in the environment. Adoption of such approaches requires adaptability, more attention to detail and extra effort by farmers. Veterinarians can play an important role in encouraging the adoption of proven diagnostic and monitoring technologies and providing advice to farmers as they transition away from parasiticide-dependence.
Appropriate leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein cut-off value for Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yamazato Masanao , Yanai Shunichi , Oizumi Tomofumi , Eizuka Makoto , Yamada Shun , Toya Yosuke , Uesugi Noriyuki , Sugai Tamotsu , Matsumoto Takayuki
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

It has been suggested that serum leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein (LRG) could be a novel monitoring biomarker for the assessment of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease. In particular, the relationship between LRG levels and the endoscopically assessed activity of ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a matter of interest.

AIM

To clarify appropriate LRG cut-off values for the prediction of endoscopic and histologic remission in Japanese patients with UC.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional, single-center, observational study of Japanese patients with UC. Among 213 patients with UC, in whom LRG was measured from September 2020 to February 2022, we recruited 30 patients for whom a total colonoscopy and measurements of LRG and C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed on the same day. We retrospectively analyzed correlations between the LRG and CRP levels and endoscopic indices, including the Mayo endoscopic subscore and UC endoscopic index of severity.

RESULTS

Correlations between the LRG values and the Mayo endoscopic subscore or UC endoscopic index of severity were significant (r = 0.754, P < 0.0001; r = 0.778, P < 0.0001, respectively). There were also significant correlations between CRP levels and Mayo endoscopic subscore or UC endoscopic index of severity (r = 0.599, P = 0.0005; r = 0.563, P = 0.0012, respectively), although the correlation coefficients were higher for LRG. The LRG cut-off value for predicting endoscopic remission was 13.4 μg/mL for a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0 [area under the curve (AUC): 0.871; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.744–0.998], and 13.4 μg/mL for an UC endoscopic index of severity of 0 or 1 (AUC: 0.904; 95%CI: 0.792–1.000).

CONCLUSION

LRG may be a surrogate marker for endoscopic activity in UC, with a cut-off value of around 13.4 μg/mL for endoscopically inactive disease.
Transcatheter embolization for hemorrhage from aberrant testicular artery after partial nephrectomy: A case report
Authors: Youm Juyoun , Choi Min-Jeong , Kim Bong Man , Seo Yumi
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Arterial bleeding typically involves the renal artery following partial nephrectomy; in this study, we present a case of bleeding originating from the testicular artery that has not been reported in previous studies.

CASE SUMMARY

A 52-year-old man suffered hemorrhage from a perinephric branch of the aberrant left testicular artery after an open nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma. Clinical signs of bleeding were manifested by the patient, such as fresh blood drainage from the catheter, decreased hemoglobin levels, and significant vital sign changes. Since computed tomography did not show evidence of active bleeding, transcatheter angiography was conducted to identify the bleeding site. Fluoroscopic spot images confirmed bleeding derived from a perinephric branch of the testicular artery originating from the segmental artery of the left renal artery. Using n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, successful transcatheter arterial embolization of the affected branch was performed. Immediately after the embolization procedure, the bleeding ceased, and the patient experienced complete recovery devoid of complications.

CONCLUSION

In patients with postoperative arterial hemorrhage after partial nephrectomy, the testicular artery can be a rare but notable source of bleeding. Accurate bleeding site localization via angiographic evaluation, followed by transcatheter arterial embolization, can be instrumental for safe, prompt, and effective hemostasis.
Glucocorticoid reduction induced chorea in pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report
Authors: Xu Yan-Qiu , Wang Miao , Zhang Ying
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is typically more severe than adult-onset SLE, with a higher incidence of nervous system involvement. Chorea is a relatively rare neurological complication reported in 2.4%-7% of SLE patients. In particular, chorea induced by glucocorticoid dose reduction is even rarer. Herein, we report the case of a girl with SLE, who developed chorea during the process of glucocorticoid therapy reduction.

CASE SUMMARY

We describe a 14-year-old girl who was diagnosed with SLE. She was treated with methylprednisolone and rituximab, and her symptoms improved. On the second day after the methylprednisolone dose was reduced according to the treatment guidelines, the patient developed chorea. Her condition improved after adjusting her glucocorticoid regimen.

CONCLUSION

This case is a reminder that extra attention to chorea is required in SLE patients during glucocorticoid dose reduction.
New treatment for gastric duplication cyst: Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration combined with lauromacrogol sclerotherapy: A case report
Authors: Bu Ya-Wei , Han Ruo-Qi , Ma Wen-Qian , Wang Gong-Ning , Er Li-Mian
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Gastric duplication cysts are very rare disease that are mainly diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonographic fine-needle aspiration biopsy. In the past, this disease was usually treated with traditional surgery and rarely with minimally invasive endoscopic surgery. However, minimally invasive endoscopic therapy has many advantages, such as no skin wound, organ preservation, postoperative pain reduction, early food intake, fewer postoperative complications, and shorter post-procedure hospitalization.

CASE SUMMARY

We report a case of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) combined with lauromacrogol sclerotherapy for pyloric obstruction due to gastric duplication cysts.

CONCLUSION

EUS-FNA combined with lauromacrogol sclerotherapy provides a new option for the treatment of gastrointestinal duplication cysts.
Immunotherapy in SMARCB1 (INI-1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma: Two case reports
Authors: Zhang Lu , Gao Ai-Xin , He Yu-Lu , Xu Ming-Jin , Lu Hai-Jun
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

SMARCB1/INI-1 deficient sinonasal carcinoma (SDSC) is a rare subset of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma with a poor prognosis. Here, we present two case reports of SDSC patients. We also review the literature on this tumor. This is the first published report of SDSC treatment with immunotherapy.

CASE SUMMARY

Here we present two patient cases of SDSC in which initial consultation and diagnosis were complicated but SDSC was ultimately diagnosed. One patient received a traditional treatment of surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, while the other patient received additional immunotherapy; the prognoses of these two patients differed. We review previous diagnostic literature reports and SDSC treatments and provide a unique perspective on this rare type of tumor.

CONCLUSION

SDSC is a rare, diagnostically challenging carcinoma with a consistently poor prognosis, early distant metastases, and frequent recurrence. Timely diagnosis and intervention are critical for treatment, for which the standard of care is surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, though immunotherapy may be an effective new treatment for SDSC.
The End Is Always Near: Evaluating the Influence of Premillennial Apocalyptic Rhetoric on Evangelical Christian Attitudes toward Climate Change Discourse
Authors: Gall-Maynard David
Published: November 2023

Abstract: One recurring feature of climate change discourse—and apocalyptic rhetoric more generally—is the appeal to textual authorities whose knowledge transcends that of rhetor and audience. "For religious apocalyptic," Brummett writes, "the grounding text will be one or more of the scriptures of the religion; for secular apocalyptic, the grounding text will be the assertion of a natural law governing the domain in question or it will be a widely revered secular text" (99). As a case-in-point, climate reform rhetors often invoke the authority of the scientific consensus surrounding climate change, research that is the basis for the IPCC's [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] reports.
The Poet in the Natural World: Dissolving Epiphanies in the Poetry of W. S. Merwin
Authors: Mendell Dean
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Merwin was a Buddhist, and aspects of Buddhism and transcendental Romanticism mingle in his nature poetry. His poems are fundamentally Romantic but differ in two ways. Coleridge suggests in The Friend that we choose to feel alienated because "we think of ourselves as separated beings, and place nature in antithesis to the mind, as object to subject, thing to thought" (520). For Merwin that antithesis is instead an unavoidable consequence of writing, and it occasions a sense of alienation that enters the poem and nudges aside the feeling of relatedness he cherishes.
Brokers of Salvation: Merchants and Missionaries in the Europeanization of the North, 800–1300
Authors: Gaines Wesley
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The conventional narrative of the conversion of Scandinavia to Christianity depicts a top-down, mass conversion carried out by the monarchs of Scandinavian kingdoms. This paper adds to these analyses the preexisting economic relationship between trade towns of Latin Christendom with Scandinavia and the Baltic and credits this trade for carrying ideas and cultural norms to the region, as well as for establishing trade routes along which missionaries would follow in the footsteps of these merchants. It traces the establishment of official bishoprics and sees of the Latin Church in Scandinavian and Baltic trade towns as well as the adoption of distinctly European forms of social organization. It also lends agency to the people of Scandinavia themselves, adding to the narrative their understudied role in the process by crediting their chieftains with willfully and strategically importing Christianity for their own gain rather than depicting them as passive agents with change foisted upon them from the outside. The primary sources bear out not an immediate change, but a gradual one, carried out not by armies and kings, but by merchants and trades-men, clergy and chieftains in their daily interactions, which built up social networks, compiled social trust, and contagiously spread cultural norms.
Justice Theater
Authors: Gallaher John
Published: November 2023

Abstract: A retelling of a day on jury duty in a small town in the midwest
Just Like a Stutter, and: Discrepancies
Authors: Giannelli Adam
Published: November 2023

Abstract: A response to stuttering metaphors in poetry by a person who stutters. A catalog of images that make use of juxtaposition and honor the world’s endless variations, including the speaker’s stutter.
Curriculum Vitae: after L.M.
Authors: Rich Susan
Published: November 2023

Abstract: “Curriculum Vitae” takes the form of a C.V. to express an overview of a single life, but without a focus on academics. Instead, there is a surrealistic take on Judaism, childhood, and history. The poem is in turn, optimistic as well as cynical.
From SLS to SLSA: A Brief History
Authors: Schachterle Lance , Weininger Stephen J.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: We sketch here the background of the founding of what was originally known as the Society for Literature and Science and its first years of operation, with a few comments on some of our early landmarks and some later developments. We thank our colleagues Carol Colatrella, Mark Greenberg, Judith Yaross Lee, Manuela Rossini, and David Porush for their suggestions about our draft. We ask the forbearance of many other colleagues and friends who soon joined these original co-founders but are not named here because of time limitations.
Playing at SLSA: A Game Studies Stream Retrospective
Authors: Chang Edmond Y. , Jagoda Patrick , Grasso Julianne , McDonald Peter D. , Dhaliwal Ranjodh Singh , Boluk Stephanie , LeMieux Patrick , Chang Alenda Y. , Stark Doug , Welsh Timothy J. , Russell Jamal , Bird Ashlee
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: This retrospective essay weaves together the reflections of 12 diverse voices on the inclusion of game studies at the Society for Literature, Science, and the Arts (SLSA) annual meetings. The first game studies stream was organized in 2011 and brought together a series of interdisciplinary scholars, presentations, and panels on video games, virtual worlds, art, storytelling, war, time, platform, and identity. The stream was then and continues now to be a community of graduate students, scholars, developers, teachers, and artists, some of whom have published in Configurations . These are a few of their stories.
On the raison d'être of the notion of Sprachbund, with special reference to languages in China
Authors: Szeto Pui Yiu
Published: November 2023

摘要: 語言聯盟 (Sprachbund) 泛指沒有親緣關係 (或關係疏遠) 的語言之間，在同一區域長期接觸下產生的結構趨同現象。雖然學界不乏關於語言聯盟的研究，但以往的研究未有具體及劃一的標準去界定何謂語言聯盟。因此，語言聯盟的概念時而模糊不清，甚至令人質疑其存在意義。有見及此，本文建議以歷史證據為基礎，去建立清晰嚴謹的標準來辨識語言聯盟。以此方法界定的語言聯盟具有相似的形成背景，從而確保彼此之間的可比性，令學者得以將研究重心置於語言接觸的機制及結果。中國歷史悠久、地大物博、族群紛雜、語種繁多，為語言聯盟的研究提供了一個重要平台。目前，中國境內最少有兩個符合嚴格標準的語言聯盟，分別為華南地區的西嶺南語言聯盟，以及西北地區的安多語言聯盟。區域內各語言族群間的密切接觸互動，不僅導致語言結構和文化風俗上的相互滲透，甚至對群體遺傳結構造成一定程度的影響。此等發現反映了語言聯盟內的族群互動現象複雜多變，故對語言學及人類學等學科皆有重大研究價值，非常值得深入探索。
Hybrid Vernier effect: sensitivity amplification and two-parameter measurement in cascaded Fabry-Perot interferometer fiber sensor
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Tian Jiajun , Yao Yong
Published: November 2023

Vernier effect enhances the sensitivity for interferometric fiber sensor, but indiscriminately amplifies cross-sensitivity to environmental parameters. Here, hybrid Vernier effect, a new theory based on the cascaded FPI, is proposed and demonstrated for cross-sensitivity elimination under the premise of sensitivity amplification. It combines traditional and high-order harmonic Vernier effects to measure two parameters simultaneously. The proposed sensor achieves strain sensitivity of 960.1 pm/µɛ, and temperature sensitivity of 1260.86 pm/°C. Stability experiments demonstrate excellent stability of envelope demodulation method, with minimum temperature resolution of 0.44 °C and minimum strain resolution of 0.58 µɛ. The proposed the hybrid Vernier effect can be achieved widely in common cascaded fiber FPI fiber sensor structure, making it good candidate for practical applications.
In-process sintering of Au nanoparticles deposited in laser-assisted electrophoretic deposition
Authors: Yoshimoto Yuki , Nakazawa Kenta , Ishikawa Makoto , Ono Atsushi , Iwata Futoshi
Published: November 2023

In this study, we developed an in-process sintering method for laser-assisted electrophoretic deposition (LAEPD) using an additional laser to sinter Au particles and improve the Young’s modulus of the microstructures fabricated using LAEPD. Thus, in addition to the laser (λ = 488 nm) that traps nanoparticles, another laser (λ = 785 nm) was installed to effectively absorb and sinter the deposited nanoparticles. Deposition was performed via LAEPD and laser sintering alternatively during fabrication. A Young's modulus of 28.2 GPa was achieved for the Au pillar fabricated with a sintering laser irradiation time of 1000 ms/cycle.
Physics-informed deep neural network for image denoising
Authors: Xypakis Emmanouil , de Turris Valeria , Gala Fabrizio , Ruocco Giancarlo , Leonetti Marco
Published: November 2023

Image enhancement deep neural networks (DNN) can improve signal to noise ratio or resolution of optically collected visual information. The literature reports a variety of approaches with varying effectiveness. All these algorithms rely on arbitrary data (the pixels’ count-rate) normalization, making their performance strngly affected by dataset or user-specific data pre-manipulation. We developed a DNN algorithm capable to enhance images signal-to-noise surpassing previous algorithms. Our model stems from the nature of the photon detection process which is characterized by an inherently Poissonian statistics. Our algorithm is thus driven by distance between probability functions instead than relying on the sole count-rate, producing high performance results especially in high-dynamic-range images. Moreover, it does not require any arbitrary image renormalization other than the transformation of the camera’s count-rate into photon-number.
Nanostructured anti-reflection coating for absorption enhancement in perovskite silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Kranthi Kumar B. , Gupta Nikhil Deep
Published: November 2023

Perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells have captured the attention of the solar cell research community due to the advantages of perovskites, such as, an easy fabrication process using sol-gel methods and silicon bottom cells that can be fabricated using well-established fabrication techniques. The present study discusses the design, optimization, and numerical analysis related to the role of nanostructured anti-reflection coating design for perovskite (MAPbI3) silicon tandem solar cells. In the design, the top cell is taken as MAPbI3 and the bottom cell is C-silicon. The anti-reflection coating is designed with SiO2 nanoparticles embedded in ITO. These nanostructured top anti-reflection coating results are compared with its planar top cell counterpart. SiO2 nanoparticle diameter and interparticle separation are optimized to get maximum absorption in the top cell. Upon optimization, it was found that a design having SiO2 nanoparticles with a diameter of 60 nm and no interparticle separation showed the most reduction in reflection, which in turn led to an increase in absorption in the top cell. The proposed structure enhances current density by 8.3% over the planar cell. This top cell current is matched to the bottom silicon thickness. These findings were validated using Mie scattering and the Bruggmann effective medium approximation.