bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of IL-6 Production by SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein
Authors: Nakayama Emi E. , Kubota-Koketsu Ritsuko , Sasaki Tadahiro , Suzuki Keita , Uno Kazuko , Shimizu Jun , Okamoto Toru , Matsumoto Hisatake , Matsuura Hiroshi , Hashimoto Shoji , Tanaka Toshio , Harada Hiromasa , Tomita Masafumi , Kaneko Mitsunori , Yoshizaki Kazuyuki , Shioda Tatsuo
Published: February 2022

A cytokine storm induces acute respiratory distress syndrome, the main cause of death in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, the detailed mechanisms of cytokine induction due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain unclear. To examine the cytokine production in COVID-19, we mimicked the disease in SARS-CoV-2-infected alveoli by adding the lysate of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells to cultured macrophages or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myeloid cells. The cells secreted interleukin (IL)-6 after the addition of SARS-CoV-2-infected cell lysate. Screening of 25 SARS-CoV-2 protein-expressing plasmids revealed that the N protein-coding plasmid alone induced IL-6 production. The addition of anti-N antibody further enhanced IL-6 production, but the F(ab’)2 fragment did not. Sera from COVID-19 patients also enhanced IL-6 production, and sera from patients with severer disease induced higher levels of IL-6. These results suggest that anti-N antibody promotes IL-6 production in SARS-CoV-2-infected alveoli, leading to the cytokine storm of COVID-19. (150 words)
Torsional And Lateral Eigenmode Oscillations For Atomic Resolution Imaging Of HOPG In Air Under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Eichhorn Anna L. , Dietz Christian
Published: February 2022

Combined in-plane and out-of-plane multifrequency atomic force microscopy techniques have been demonstrated to be important tools to decipher spatial differences of sample surfaces at the atomic scale. The analysis of physical properties perpendicular to the sample surface is routinely achieved from flexural cantilever oscillations, whereas the interpretation of in-plane sample properties via force microscopy is still challenging. Besides the torsional oscillation, there is the additional option to exploit the lateral oscillation of the cantilever for in-plane surface analysis. In this study, we used different multifrequency force microscopy approaches to attain better understanding of the interactions between a super-sharp tip and an HOPG surface focusing on the discrimination between friction and shear forces. We found that the lateral eigenmode is suitable for the determination of the shear modulus whereas the torsional eigenmode provides information on local friction forces between tip and sample. Based on the results, we propose that the full set of elastic constants of graphite can be determined from combined in-plane and out-of-plane multifrequency atomic force microscopy if ultrasmall amplitudes and high force constants are used.
A Simple Pooling Method for Variable Selection in Multiply Imputed Datasets Outperformed Complex Methods
Authors: Heymans MW , Panken AM
Published: February 2022

Background. For the development of prognostic models, after multiple imputation, variable selection is advised to be applied from the pooled model. The aim of this study is to evaluate by using a simulation study and practical data example the performance of four different pooling methods for variable selection in multiple imputed datasets. These methods are the D1, D2, D3 and recently extended Median-P-Rule (MPR) for categorical, dichotomous, and continuous variables in logistic regression models. Methods. Four datasets (n=200 and n=500), with 9 variables and correlations of respectively 0.2 and 0.6 between these variables, were simulated. These datasets included 2 categorical and 2 continuous variables with 20% missing at random data. Multiple Imputation (m=5) was applied, and the four methods were compared with selection from the full model (without missing data). The same analyzes were repeated in five multiply imputed real-world datasets (NHANES) (m=5, p=0.05, N=250/300/400/500/1000). Results. In the simulated datasets, the differences between the pooling methods were most evident in the smaller datasets. The MPR performed equal to all other pooling methods for the selection frequency, as well as for the P-values of the continuous and dichotomous variables, however the MPR performed consistently better for pooling and selecting categorical variables in multiply imputed datasets and also regarding the stability of the selected prognostic models. Analyzes in the NHANES-dataset showed that all methods mostly selected the same models. Compared to each other however, the D2-method seemed to be the least sensitive and the MPR the most sensitive, most simple, and easy method to apply. Conclusions. Considering that MPR is the most simple and easy pooling method to use for epidemiologists and applied researchers, we carefully recommend using the MPR-method to pool categorical variables with more than two levels after Multiple Imputation in combination with Backward Selection-procedures (BWS). Because MPR never performed worse than the other methods in continuous and dichotomous variables we also advice to use MPR in these types of variables.
Patients’ Views On Using Human Embryonic Stem Cells To Treat Parkinson’s Disease - An Interview Study
Authors: Drevin Jennifer , Nyholm Dag , Widner Håkan , Vliet Trinette , Johansson Jennifer Viberg , Jiltsova Elena , Hansson Mats
Published: February 2022

Background: Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as source for the development of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) are considered for treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Research has shown promising results and opened an avenue of great importance for patients who currently lack a disease modifying therapy. The use of hESC has given rise to moral concerns and been the focus of, sometimes heated, debates about the moral status of human embryos. Approval for marketing is still pending. Objective: To investigate the perspectives and concerns of patients with PD, patients being the directly concerned stake holders in the ethical discussion. Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews related to this new therapy in seventeen patients from two Swedish cities.Results: The participants expressed several interests related to the use of human embryos for development of medicinal therapies but were overall positive to the use of hESC for treatment of PD.Conclusion: It was important that the donating woman or couple are donating embryos voluntarily and there was a worry that the industry does not always prioritize the patient over profit and transparency is therefore seen as important.
Identification of Subtype-Specific Prognostic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer
Authors: Esfahani Farinaz Vafadar , Ghezlou Mansoureh , Moghaddam Marziyeh Mazaheri , Moghaddam Madiheh Mazaheri , Hozhabri Hossein
Published: February 2022

Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease divided into four molecular subtypes that display different prognoses. Molecular alterations in breast cells contribute to breast carcinogenesis. However, the molecular characteristics involved in developing BC subtypes remain largely unknown. Further identification of molecular mechanisms involved in different BC subtypes might help improve treatment strategies and prognosis of patients. In the present study, two microarray datasets (GSE57297 and GSE65194) containing four BC subtypes were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Comparative analyses were performed to identify specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each BC subtype, as well as overlapped (core) between all subtypes. bc-GenExMiner and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases were respectively utilized to investigate the differential expression and prognostic value of DEGs. A total of 25 DEGs (12 specific and 13 core) were found to be significantly associated with prognosis. We found that a high level of C9orf116 predicted better OS in the Luminal A subtype. Also, increased transcription levels of FAM13A and RASIP1 were associated with shorter OS in the Luminal B subtype. High mRNA expression of PDE7A, and COTL1 conferred longer OS, while elevated expression of TM4SF1 and AREG predicted shorter OS in the TNBC subtype. Increased mRNA levels of GSR, and DAPK2 conferred better OS in the HER2 subtype; however, increased expression levels of HOTAIR, PLEKHG4, and POU6F1 predicted poor OS. For the core DEGs, increased expression of IFI6 and UBE2S predicted shorter OS. Meanwhile, increased mRNA levels of AK5, C2orf40, CNN1, HOXA5, NTRK2, PAMR1, PROS1, SCARA5, SDPR, TGFBR3, and TSHZ2 conferred better OS. In conclusion, this study strictly identified specific genes that may help to select precision prognostic biomarkers in different BC subtypes.
How Reliable Is the High-Volume Definition in Prostate Cancer Patients: The Potential Game-Changing Role of PSMA
Authors: Güven Osman , Karyağar Savaş , Arıcı Serdar , Ozulker Tamer , Can Orçun
Published: February 2022

Purpose
To evaluate whether metabolic and volumetric data from Ga-68 PSMA PET CT performed during staging of denovo high-volume mCSPC patients who received docetaxel could be used to predict survival.
Methods
Forty-two denovo high-volume metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer patients, who received ADT + Docetaxel and underwent Ga-68 PSMA PET CT for staging, were included in the study. The association between patients' pathological data, all PSA measurements, treatments they received, and the data obtained from Ga-68 PSMA PET CT and progression-free and overall survival were examined. In the univariant analysis performed with the log-rank test, it was evaluated whether the difference between subgroups of variables was statistically significant in terms of survival. Variables found statistically significant were included in the multivariate analysis with the Cox hazard ratio model.
Results
In the multivariate analysis, PSMA-TV (primary) and PSMA-TV (WB) variables were shown to be independent negative predictors of overall survival. For the threshold value of 19.91 cc obtained for PSMA-TV (primary), HR was calculated as 6.31, 95% CI: 1.01-39.18, p: 0.048. For the threshold value of 1226.5 cc obtained for PSMA-TV(WB) variable, HR was calculated as 58.62, 95% CI: 2.55-1344.43, p:0.011. In our study, SUVmax (WB) variable was found to be an independent and negative predictor of progression-free survival. For the determined threshold value of 17.74, HR was calculated as 16.24, 95% CI: 1.18-22.76, p: 0.037.
Conclusion
Metabolic and volumetric data obtained from Ga-68 PSMA PET CT can be used to predict survival in denovo high-volume mCSPC. Our results show that ADT + Docetaxel receiving patients with high PSMA-TV (WB) values have a significantly worse prognosis. This situation reveals that the high-volume disease definition in the literature is insufficient for this group and that Ga-68 PSMA PET CT can play an important role in demonstrating the heterogeneity within the group.
Pharmacological inhibition of TBK1/IKKε blunts COVID-19 immunopathology
Authors: Gantier Michael , Ullah Tomalika , Johansen Matt , Balka Katherine , Ambrose Rebecca , Gearing Linden , Wenholz Daniel , Zeng Jun , Miemczyk Stefan , Nguyen Duc , Venkatraman Rajan , Dennis Matthew , Alharbi Arwaf , Ellyard Julia , Wong Wilson , Kile Benjamin , Vinuesa Carola , Kelly Graham , Hansbro Philip , Laczka Olivier , De Nardo Dominic , Hansbro Nicole , Kumar Naresh
Published: February 2022

TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a key signalling component that drives the production of type-I interferons (IFNs), which have essential antiviral activities including against SARS-CoV-2. TBK1 and its homolog IκB kinase-ε (IKKε) can also induce the production of pro-inflammatory factors that contribute to pathogen clearance. While initially protective, delayed engagement of type-I IFN is associated with lethal hyper-inflammation seen in severe COVID-19 patients. The contribution of TBK1/IKKε signalling to this response is unknown. We have discovered that the small molecule idronoxil inhibits both IRF3 and NF-κB-driven inflammation by disrupting the formation of TBK1/IKKε signalling complexes following STING activation. Leveraging this unique activity, we show that therapeutic administration of idronoxil suppresses cellular and molecular lung inflammation in K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2, resulting in reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and decreased airway fibrosis in experimental COVID-19. Our results indicate a critical role for TBK1/IKKε signalling in SARS-CoV-2 hyper-inflammation and identify a novel therapeutic intervention to limit disease severity in COVID-19 patients.
Tenascin-C Promotes Skin Inflammation and Wounds Healing after Scalding in Rats by Inducing Infiltration of Macrophages
Authors: Zhong Weiquan , Wang Jin , Liu Wenjun , Mao Yixin , Liu Hao , Qian Kai
Published: February 2022

We have known that Tenascin-C(TNC) has high expression in chronic inflammation. This research explores the proinflammatory mechanism and further discusses the relationship between the TNC and the macrophages in the inflammatory response. First, we successfully built the deep second-degree scald models of rats. Then we found that the level of TNC increased rapidly in the skin of young rats just after scalding, and its tendency also stays increased within a week in old rats. We also observed the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the scalded skin of rats by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. In addition, we found that tenascin-c could confer a proangiogenic effect to macrophages. By monitoring the level of VEGF, CCL2, and CCR2, we can find out the relationship between TNC and macrophages. We concluded that TNC could promote skin inflammation and wound healing in rats after scalding by inducing infiltration of macrophages.
PepNet: A Fully Convolutional Neural Network for De novo Peptide Sequencing
Authors: Liu Kaiyuan , Ye Yuzhen , Tang Haixu
Published: February 2022

The de novo peptide sequencing, which does not rely on a comprehensive target sequence database, provided us a way to identify novel peptides from tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra. However, current de novo sequencing algorithms suffer from lower accuracy and coverage, which hinders their applications in proteomics. In this paper, we present PepNet, a fully convolutional neural network (CNN) for high accuracy de novo peptide sequencing. It takes an MS/MS spectrum (represented as a high dimensional vector) as input, and outputs the optimal peptide sequence along with its confidence score. Our model was trained using a total of 30 million high-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) MS/MS spectra from multiple human peptide spectral libraries. The evaluation results show that PepNet significantly outperformed currently best-performing de novo sequencing algorithms (e.g. PointNovo and DeepNovo) at both peptide level accuracy and positional level accuracy. In addition, PepNet can sequence a large fraction of spectra that were not identified by database search engines, and thus could be used as a complementary tool of database search engines for peptide identification in proteomics.
The impact of internet use on health outcomes in China: A longitudinal study using a three-wave nationwide survey
Authors: Oshio Takashi , Ma Xinxin , Komatsu Sho
Published: February 2022

Background: Previous studies have examined the impact of internet use on health in China but have not addressed the reverse causality problem nor analyzed the health status in detail. In this study, we conducted a longitudinal analysis to investigate the causal association between internet use and health status in China to address these problems.Methods: Using three-wave longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Studies conducted in 2014, 2016, and 2018, we adopted dynamic regression models with lagged internet use variables to examine the association between internet use and five types of health outcomes.Results: Internet use was positively associated with health outcomes (self-rated health, mental health, and outpatients), and these effects differed by gender, age, and urban/rural region groups. Conclusions: The results provided rich evidence of the positive effect of internet use on health outcomes in China. Thus, digital economic policies are expected to improve individuals’ health status.
Determination Of Reflection And Transmission Coefficient Of An Overlay Microstrip Antenna On Duroid Material Using Fem
Authors: Sahabi Suleiman , Yakubu Abubakar
Published: February 2022

Knowledge of materials behaviour placed in an electromagnetic field was found to be of immense significant especially as it is attributed to military hardware, electronics, communication and industrial applications. An overlay microstrip antenna was employed in this study to determine scattering parameters of an overlay microstrip antenna using finite element method (FEM). The substrate thickness used on the microstrip was 10 mm thick and 8 x 12 cm (width and length). All simulation was carried at X band frequency range (8-12 GHz) using FEM. The result amongst others showed that the transmission coefficient depends on the permittivity of the sample. The result also showed that lowest permittivity of material produced the greatest transmission coefficient. It is then concluded that the results obtained for the transmission and reflection coefficients can be used for the prediction of complex permittivity of materials used as overlay on a microstrip antenna.
Mesial temporal tau in amyloid-β negative cognitively normal older persons
Authors: Krishnadas Natasha , Doré Vincent , Groot Colin , Lamb Fiona , Bourgeat Pierrick , Burnham Samantha C , Huang Kun , Goh Anita MY , Masters Colin L , Villemagne Victor L , Rowe Christopher C
Published: February 2022

BackgroundTau deposition in the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) in the absence of amyloid-β (Aβ-) occurs with ageing. The tau PET tracer 18F-MK6240 has low non-specific background binding so is well suited to exploration of early-stage tau deposition. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between MTL tau, age, hippocampal volume (HV), cognition and neocortical tau in Aβ- cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals.MethodsOne hundred and ninety-nine Aβ- participants (Centiloid <25) who were CU underwent 18F-MK6240 PET at age 75±5.2 years. Tau standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was estimated in mesial temporal (Me), temporoparietal (Te) and rest of neocortex (R) regions and four Me sub-regions. Tau SUVR were analysed as continuous variables and compared between high and low MTL SUVR groups.ResultsIn this cohort with a stable clinical classification of CU for a mean of 5.3 years prior to, and at the time of tau PET, MTL tau was visually observed in 9% of the participants and was limited to Braak stages I-II. MTL tau was correlated with age (r=0.24, p<0.001). Age contributed to the variance in cognitive scores but MTL tau did not. MTL tau was not greater with subjective memory complaint, nor was there a correlation between MTL tau and Aβ Centiloid value, but high tau was associated with smaller HV. Participants with MTL tau had higher tau SUVR in neocortex but this was driven by the cerebellar reference region and was not present when using white matter normalization.ConclusionsIn an Aβ- CU cohort, tau tracer binding in the mesial temporal lobe was age-related and associated with smaller hippocampi, but not with subjective or objective cognitive impairment. Trial registrationNot applicable.
Multilevel Lumbar Fusion and Sacral Fusion Affect Joint Space Narrowing of the Hip: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ukai Taku , Katoh Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Katsuya , Omura Haruka , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: February 2022

Background: This study aimed to elucidate the effect of lumbosacral fusion on joint space narrowing of the hip. Methods: We retrospectively studied 511 hips of 261 patients who had undergone lumbar fusion. Whole-spine X-ray was performed for all the patients before surgery and at final follow-up. Center edge angle, joint space of the hip, sagittal vertical axis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, and sacral slope were measured. The number of lumbar fusion levels, inclusion of sacral fusion, follow-up duration, and wear of the hip joint (mm/year) were also recorded. Multi regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for joint space narrowing.Results: Female sex (P=0.04), number of fixed lumbar levels (P=0.002), sacral fusions (P=0.039), and follow-up period (P<0.001) were independent risk factors for joint space narrowing of the hip. The patients who underwent four or more levels of lumbar fusion experienced more rapid wearing of the hip joint space than that experienced by patients with less than three levels of lumbar fusion (P=0.044). Conclusion: Surgeons should pay attention to joint space narrowing of the hip after performing multiple lumbar fusions or sacral fusion in women.
Analysis of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene Mutations in A Family with Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Hu Ya-nan , Wu Min , Ji Yuan-yuan , Zhang Jian-Hui , Zhang Yan-ping , Wu Qiu-yan , Lin Xin-fu , Wu Jia-bin , Liao Li-sheng , Luo Jie-Wei , Chen Xin
Published: February 2022

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common monogenic autosomal dominant hereditary disease, mainly caused by pathogenic mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene. It is characterized by severely elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, cutaneous xanthomatosis, and premature coronary heart disease.Materials and Methods: Whole exome sequencing of the proband with familial hypercholesterolemia was performed to identify the target gene and screen for suspicious pathogenic mutations. Sanger sequencing of family members was conducted to analyze family genetic-phenotypic associations. In addition, the changes in the structure and function of mutant LDLR were predicted using biological information analysis.Results: Next Generation Sequencing revealed that the proband carried two heterozygous missense point mutations c.G1027A (p.G343S) and c.G1879A (p.A627T) in LDLR (NM_000527), which could lead to FH syndrome. In this pedigree, the proband and her brother with hypercholesterolemia and xanthelasma carried the compound heterozygous mutations p.G343S and p.A627T. Her father, children, and nephew carried the p.G343S mutation, and her mother and niece carried the p.A627T mutation. The total cholesterol (TC) of a compound heterozygote was 20.50–21.35 mmol/L, the cholesterol of a heterozygote was 6.52–8.81 mmol/L, and the TC of other family members without a mutation was 2.94–3.61 mmol/L. G343S and A627T had a slight effect on the protein structure of LDLR, as simulated by Chimera. In addition, Rredictprotein software predicted that G343S and A627T affected the disordered region, protein interaction binding region, and RNA binding region of the LDLR. Gly343 and Ala627 are highly conserved in mammals and play a vital role in maintaining the function of the LDLR. YinOYang 1.2 predicted that these two sites had great potential for O-GlcNac modification, and GPS 5.0 predicted that the variants modified phosphorylation. Mutations may affect protein post-translational modification, thus changing the structure, function, location, and fate of the protein.Conclusions：The mutations c.G1027A in LDLR exon 7 and c.G1879A in exon 13 may be the molecular genetic basis of FH in this family. Compared to patients with a heterozygous variant, patients with compound heterozygous variants had much higher levels of cholesterol and had xanthoma
Niclosamide induces growth inhibition and apoptosis through down-regulation of PDGFRβ and STAT3 in human chondrosarcoma cells
Authors: Zhang Xueping , Yan Jing , Shao Xiaoning , Che Yingyu , Cheng Jingliang , Lu Xinchang
Published: February 2022

Background and objectives Chondrosarcoma is a destructive neoplasm of chondrocytes. Surgery is the principal procedure for this condition. The efficacy of traditional chemotherapy drugs is controversial. Niclosamide is an antihelminthic drug used to treat parasitic infections for nearly 50 years. However recent studies suggested that niclosamide might have the inhibitory effects of cancer. Methods We investigated the efficaciousness of niclosamide on a chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353.To determine the efficacy of niclosamide on chondrosarcoma, MTT, Flow cytometry, and DAPI assays were used to determine the effects of niclosamide. We determine the activity of niclosamide on the expression of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, and the phosphorylation of PDGFRβ and STAT3. Results Niclosamide dramatically inhibited cell growth and triggered apoptosis. And niclosamide down-regulated the expression of p- PDGFRβ and p-STAT3. Furthermore, niclosamide significantly reduced cyclin D1, Rb expressing, which were concurrent with the cell cycle block. We also found a decrease in p-MEK, p-ERK, Bcl-xl, and Bcl-2. Conclusion These results suggested that niclosamide effectively induced growth inhibition in vitro. And niclosamide could a new therapeutic method for chondrosarcoma.
A high triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with poor renal outcome in IgA nephropathy patients
Authors: Qin Wei , Pei Gaiqin , Qin Aiya , Dong Lingqiu , Wang Siqing , Liu Xiang , Yang Dandan , Tan Jiaxing , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Tang Yi
Published: February 2022

Background: Dyslipidemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, whether markers of atherogenic dyslipidaemia correlate with outcomes in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients as in the general population is uncertain. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of the serum triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio to predict ESRD in IgAN patients.Methods: A total of 1149 patients from West China Hospital of Sichuan University were retrospectively analysed between 2008 and 2018, with a median follow-up of 54.0 months. The demographic, clinical and pathological data of all patients at the time of biopsy were collected. Receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to determine the optimal threshold for the TG/HDL ratio at baseline to predict ESRD during follow-up. Prognostic values were assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and Kaplan–Meier curves.Results: The optimal cut-off value for the TG/HDL-C ratio was 1.495. The correlation analysis showed that the TG/HDL-C ratio was negatively correlated with the eGFR (r = 0.248, P < 0.001) but positively correlated with proteinuria (r = 0.229, P< 0.001) and serum uric (r =0.306, P< 0.001). Patients with a higher TG/HDL-C ratio tended to have hypertension [odds ratio (OR), 1.702; 95% CI, 1.298-2.233; P<0.001] and more severe pathologic lesions with tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (OR, 3.593; 95% CI, 2.528-5.107; P<0.001). A high TG/HDL ratio was strongly correlated with worse renal survival in IgAN patients (log-rank: P <0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that an elevated TG/HDL-C ratio (HR 2.118, 95% CI 1.333-3.367, P=0.002) was an independent risk marker to predict ESRD.Conclusion: The TG/HDL-C ratio may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in IgAN patients.
Outcomes of patients with initial acute respiratory failure on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) requiring additional circulatory support by VVA ECMO
Authors: Erlebach Rolf , Wild Lennart , Seeliger Benjamin , Rath Ann-Kathrin , Andermatt Rea , Hofmaenner Daniel , Schewe Jens-Christian , Ganter Christoph Camille , Putensen Christian , Natanov Ruslan , Kühn Christian , Bauersachs Johann , Welte Tobias , Hoeper Marius M , Wendel-Garcia Pedro David , David Sascha , Bode Christian , Stahl Klaus , group BonHanZA (Bonn-Hannover-Zurich-ARDS) study group BonHanZA (B
Published: February 2022

Background: Veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used to support patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In case of additional cardio-circulatory failure, some experienced centers upgrade the VV-ECMO with an additional arterial backflow cannula (termed VVA-ECMO). Here we analyzed short- and long-term outcome together with potential predictors of mortality. Methods: Retrospective analysis of outcome in VV ECMO patients with ARDS that received VVA upgrade due to acute cardio-circulatory deterioration from 2008-2021 at three ECMO referral centers.Results: We identified 73 VVA ECMO patients that either required an upgrade from VV to VVA (n=53) or were directly triple cannulated (n=20), most commonly for concomitant right-sided heart failure. Median (Interquartile Range) age was 49 (28-57) years and SOFA score was 14 (12-17) at VVA ECMO upgrade. ECMO support was required over 12 (6-22) days and ICU length of stay was 32 (16-46) days. Overall ICU mortality was 48% and hospital mortality 51%. Two additional patients died after hospital discharge while the remaining patients survived up to two years (with six patients being lost to follow-up). A SOFA score > 14 at the day of VVA upgrade and higher lactate level were independent predictors of mortality in the multivariate regression analysis.Conclusions: In this analysis, the use of VVA ECMO in patients with initial ARDS and concomitant cardiocirculatory failure was associated with a hospital survival of about 50%, and most of these patients survived up to 2 years. A SOFA score >14 and elevated lactate levels at the day of VVA upgrade predict unfavorable outcome.
Examining Wireless Networks Encryption by Simulation of Attacks
Authors: Alodat Iyas
Published: February 2022

Wireless LANs widespread use is attributable to a combination of factors, including simple construction, employee convenience, connection selection convenience, and the ability to support continual movement from residences to large corporate networks. For organizations, however, the availability of wireless LAN means an increased danger of cyberattacks and challenges, according to IT professionals and security specialists. In this paper examines many of the security concerns and vulnerabilities associated with the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN encryption standard, as well as typical cyber threats and attacks affecting wireless LAN systems in homes and organizations, and provide general guidance and suggestions for home and business users.
Neuroinflammation regulates the balance between hippocampal neuron death and neurogenesis in an ex vivo model of thiamine deficiency
Authors: Cassiano Larissa M. G. , Oliveira Marina S. , Pioline Jeanne , Salim Anna C. M. , Coimbra Roney S.
Published: February 2022

Background: Thiamine (vitamin B1) is a cofactor for enzymes of central energy metabolism and its deficiency (TD) impairs oxidative phosphorylation, increases oxidative stress, and activates inflammatory processes that can lead to neurodegeneration. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is a consequence of chronic TD, which leads to extensive neuronal death, and is associated with neuropathological disorders, including cognitive deficits and amnesia. The hippocampus is one of the brain areas most affected by WKS. B1 replacement may not be enough to prevent the irreversible cognitive deficit associated with WKS.Materials and methods: An organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHC) model was developed to investigate by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy and transcriptome analysis the molecular mechanisms underlying the neurodegeneration associated with TD. The effect of anti-inflammatory pharmacological intervention with resveratrol (RSV) was assessed in B1 deprived OHCs.Results: In OHCs cultured without B1, neuronal density decayed after five days and, on the seventh day, the epigenetic marks H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 were altered in mature neurons likely favoring gene transcription. Between the seventh and the fourteenth day, a pulse of neurogenesis was observed followed by a further massive neuron loss. Transcriptome analysis at day nine disclosed 89 differentially expressed genes in response to B1 deprivation. Genes of tryptophan metabolism and lysine degradation KEGG pathways, and genes with Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to the organization of the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, and positive regulation of synaptic transmission were upregulated, while several genes of the TNF and FoxO signaling pathways and genes with GO terms related to inflammation were inhibited in response to B1 deprivation. Nsd1, whose product methylates histone H3 lysine 36, was upregulated and the epigenetic mark H3K36me3 associated with negative regulation of neurogenesis was increased in neurons. Treating B1 deprived OHCs with RSV hastened the pulse of neurogenesis.Conclusion: Neuroregeneration occurs in B1 deficient hippocampal tissue during a time window. This phenomenon depends on reducing neuroinflammation and likely on metabolic changes allowing acetyl-CoA synthesis from amino acids to ensure energy supply via oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, neuroinflammation is implicated as a major regulator of hippocampal neurogenesis in TD opening a new search space for treating WKS.
What’s the thermodynamic research direction for real solution
Authors: Xia Zhi
Published: February 2022

At present, the thermodynamic research is focused on the system. The partial molar quantity of components is the property of the system. And the partial molar quantity of components did not equal to the corresponding intensive property possessed by components. In most cases in the real solution, the partial molar Gibbs energy of one component wan not the chemical potential of the component. On some special occasion, such as in idea solution, the partial molar Gibbs energy of one component equals to the chemical potential of the component. To obtain the chemical potential of components, the activity coefficient was introduced into the present solution thermodynamic theory. The relation of the activity coefficient between the size and the structure of molecules of every component are difficult to discover. The ultimate goal of the thermodynamic is predicting the chemical potential. But the activity coefficient can not be predicted effectively. The reported methods for predicting activity coefficient or excess function can only work in certain system . The solution thermodynamic research direction should be establishing a series of state functions possessed by components. The physic significance of those state functions is clear, and activity coefficient was not included in those state functions.
Giant bladder stone secondary to recurrent urethral stricture; a rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Adime Wale Munay , Adem Ramzi Yessuf , Mummed Ferid Ousman , Gebreselassie Kaleab Habtemichael , Issack Feysel Hassen
Published: February 2022

Background: A giant bladder stone is very rare in adults. We report a case of giant bladder stone caused by recurrent urethral stricture in a 31-year-old male patient who had a history of recurrent bladder stone episodes. Case presentation: we present a case of a 31-year-old male patient, who presented with irritative lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Past surgical history was remarkable for urethral injury due to road traffic accident (RTA) for which urethroplasty was done. A non-contrast-enhanced CT scan and cystoscopy were used for the diagnosis. Open cystolithotomy was performed and a 110g weighing bladder stone was extracted. He was discharged improved. A urine leak from the cystotomy site due to transurethral foley catheter malfunction was noted on first follow-up visit. On the second follow-up visit, the urine leak ceased and the foley catheter was removed. The patient reported improvement of the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), on subsequent follow-up visits. Conclusion: This case represents the second-largest bladder stone reported in Ethiopia. Another peculiarity is the recurrent bladder stone following recurrent urethral stricture after urethroplasty in our case.
Surgical site infection and associated factors among adult patients admitted in Bale Zone, Gindhir and Bale Robe General Hospitals, Oromia region, Southeast Ethiopia, 2020.
Authors: Badeso Mohammed Hasen ,   Nurzelam Adem1,   Adem Esmael2
Published: February 2022

Background
Surgical site infection is among the most preventable healthcare-associated infections. The magnitude and associated factors of surgical site infection in was not well documented in the study area. So the aim of this study is to assess surgical site infection and associated factors among adult patients admitted in Bale zone general hospitals, Oromia Region, Southeast Ethiopia, 2020.
Methods
Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among all postoperative adult patients (260) who underwent surgery from March 1 to April 30/2020 in selected hospitals by simple random sampling. Pretested and structured questionnaires and observational checklists were used for data collection. Data were checked daily for completeness and entered to Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Frequency, percentage, mean and chart were used to present the result. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was implemented and those variables with a p-value of < 0.25 in bi-variable were a candidate for multiple logistic regression. P-value < 0.05 was considered as significantly associated with outcome variables.
Results
A total of 260 patients participated in the study which gives a response rate of 90%. Of study participants, 139 (53.5%) were males and more than two-thirds of the respondents were from rural 174 (66.9%). The mean ages of the patients were 40.2, standard deviation ± 14.20 years. The prevalence of surgical site infection was 9.2%( 95% CI [5.7–12.7]). Patients with comorbidity disease AOR, 15.75(95% CI [2.81–33.42]), antimicrobial prophylaxis before operation AOR = 0.19(95% CI [0.06–0.53]) and body mass index ≥ 25 AOR, 12.5(95% CI [3-65.4]) where associated factors of surgical site infections.
Conclusion
The magnitude of surgical site infections was comparatively high. Comorbidity disease, antimicrobial prophylaxis and body mass index ≥ 25 were associated factors. Efforts should be made to improve the appropriate and timely delivery of intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis before surgery and health care providers should screen and manage co-morbidities.
Smartphone-based Mobile Applications for Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting: global status and impact on the quality and quantity of individual case safety reports
Authors: Fukushima Ayako , Iessa Noha , Balakrishnan Madhava Ram , Pal Shanthi Narayan
Published: February 2022

Background: Smartphone technology can support paperless reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The aims of this study were to systematically assess smartphone ADR-reporting applications, understand their qualitative and quantitative impact on ADR reporting, and garner key lessons from owners and developers.Methods: This study had three components: (1) An assessment of ADR-reporting apps, (2) an online survey on the impact of app implementation on ADR reporting and the experiences of app developers and owners, and (3) a search of VigiBase, the World Health Organization global database of individual case safety reports (ICSRs), to observe trends in the number of ADR reports targeting countries where the apps were implemented. Results: Twenty-two apps were included. Most (8/22) were for countries in the WHO African region. Features observed included E2B data elements and functions supporting reporting and user engagement. Seventeen app developers and owners answered to the survey and reported overall positive experiences with app features, and post-launch increases in the total number of ICSRs. User type and user environment were cited as factors influencing app use: Respondents said younger people and/or those with an inclination to use technology were more likely to use apps compared to older or more technology-averse people, while respondents in countries with limited internet connectivity reported persistent difficulties in app use.Conclusions: Smartphone apps for reporting ADRs offer added value compared to conventional reporting tools. Reporting tools should be selected based on interface features and factors that may influence app usage.
Measuring Nigeria’s output gap: Kalman Filter
Authors: Uzoagulu Promise Chinecherem
Published: February 2022

The deviation between an economy's estimated potential output and its actual level of output is known as the output gap. The goal of assessing the output gap is to determine the scope or limit for long-term non-inflationary growth and to assess policymakers' opinions on macroeconomic policies. Using the state-space model and Kalman filtering, the study used seasonally adjusted quarterly and annual GDP data from Nigeria. In order to state the predictability of output, the paper extended the univerate model to a multivariate model. However, we used the univariate HP filter as a baseline for comparing the output gap. The result shows that the gap size varies depending on the approach applied. The univariate unobserved component utilizing the Kalman filter produces a more robust result than the HP filter for annual and quarterly data. The estimated output gap reveals sensitivity due to the inclusion of unemployment in the quarterly data as well.
Time-reversal symmetry breaking and emergence in driven-dissipative Ising models
Authors: Paz Daniel , Maghrebi Mohammad
Published: February 2022

Fluctuation-dissipation relations (FDRs) and time-reversal symmetry (TRS), two pillars of statistical mechanics, are both broken in generic driven-dissipative systems. These systems rather lead to non-equilibrium steady states far from thermal equilibrium. Driven-dissipative Ising-type models, however, are widely believed to exhibit effective thermal critical behavior near their phase transitions.
Contrary to this picture, we show that both the FDR and TRS are broken even macroscopically at, or near, criticality. This is shown by inspecting different observables, both even and odd operators under time-reversal transformation, that overlap with the order parameter. Remarkably, however, a modified form of the FDR as well as TRS still holds, but with drastic consequences for the correlation and response functions as well as the Onsager reciprocity relations. Finally, we find that, at criticality, TRS remains broken even in the weakly-dissipative limit.
THE IMPACT OF RAMADAN FASTING ON LEAN BODY MASSOF TYPE 2 DIABETICS
Authors:   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolicdiseases and Nutrition CHU Mohamed VI Marrakech., Douali W. , Elgharroudi F. ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolicdiseases and Nutrition CHU Mohamed VI Marrakech., Rafi S. ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolicdiseases and Nutrition CHU Mohamed VI Marrakech., Mghari G.El. ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolicdiseases and Nutrition CHU Mohamed VI Marrakech., Ansari N.El ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolicdiseases and Nutrition CHU Mohamed VI Marrakech.
Published: February 2022

Introduction:Despitebeing exempt, manyDiabeticMuslims observe fastingduring the month of Ramadan. Wecarried out thiswork to study the impact of this practice Lean body mass in this group of patients. Material and methods:Westudied 176 MoroccanMuslimwith type 2 diabetes. The study data werecollectedthrough a questionnaire, clinicalexamination and bioelectricalimpedancemetry. The study variables were:weight, height, body mass index (BMI), lean mass, body fat and visceral fat. Results:All patients whofasted the entiremonth of Ramadan and who met the study monitoring deadlines have been included. The averageagewas 57 years +/- 11 years; 79% werewomen. Despite a similar BMI, therewas a reduction in weight (before: 76.85kg +/- 12.8 against 76.21kg +/- 12.8; p = 0.019), from body fat (before: 28.43kg +/- 9.3 against 26.72kg +/- 8.3; p = 0.015) and visceral fat (before: 10.41 +/- 3.36 against 9.95kg +/- 3.2; p = 0.007). Lean body mass has not changed, but stratification by sexshowed a significantincrease in women (before: 44.15 +/- 5.7 against 44.71kg +/- 5.7; p = 0.043). Conclusion:Ramadan fasting can bepracticed in all safetywithprior patient education and adjustmenttherapeutic. It alsoconfers an improvement in the body composition, especially in women.
IMPACT OF FRONTLINE DEMONSTRATION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF TENAI VARIETY CO 7
Authors:   Assistant Professor (Agricultural Extension), Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam-625604., Vanetha K.P.
Published: February 2022

The frontline demonstrations are designed to overcome the problems in a scientific way in order to show the worth of the new evolved variety and improved package of practices for enhancing the productivity. The Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK) is of national importance which would help in accelerating the agricultural production and also in improving the socio-economic conditions of the farming community. Demonstrations is generally conducted by the Krishi Vigyan Kendras to farmers to introduce new technologies and varieties to the farmers. The study was conducted during front line demonstration (FLD) on Demonstration of Tenai variety CO 7 at the farmersâ€™ field of Thirumangalam and usilampatti blocks of Madurai District during the year 2017-18. The present study aims at the transfer of technology by demonstration method among farmers. Findings of the study revealed that most of the farmers reported increased yield (29.00%).
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH LYMPH NODE METASTASIS A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors:   Plastic Surgery Department Mohammed VI University Hospital., Elatiqi O. , Elamrani M.D ,   Plastic Surgery Department Mohammed VI University Hospital., Benchamkha Y. ,   Plastic Surgery Department Mohammed VI University Hospital.
Published: February 2022

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer. Metastatic BCC is rare (0,0028% to 0,5%), with a very poor prognosis, survival rates of 3 years, in cases of locoregional lymphatic metastases,is estimated at 8 months. For this form of basal cell carcinoma,treatment is based on surgery and radiotherapy, chemotherapy bye Platinum-based or the inhibitors of the Hedgehog vismodegibcan be used for non-operative patients. We report a case of a 41 years old male man who suffered from BCC on his right cheek with lymph node metastases.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CERTIFIED SECURITY PROFESSIONAL (CSP) CERTIFICATION PROGRAM IN HARNESSING LEADERSHIP CAPABILITIES IN THE FIELD OF INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
Authors:   Graduate School, Emilio Aguinaldo College - Manila City of Manila, Philippines., G. Evasco Lesmer
Published: February 2022

This study is a qualitative research using a descriptive analysis approach to analyze the importance of acquiring the Certified Security Professional (CSP) Certification Program in harnessing leadership capabilities among security professionals in the field of industrial security management. It was participated by purposively selected five (5) security professionals who are CSP holder â€“ participants. Thematic analysis was used to interpret and analyzed the gathered data. The study revealed that CSP Certification program adds value to the leadership potentials among security professionals. It provides knowledge, guiding principles and standards in industrial security management. CSP title is advantageous and gives an edge to aspiring security professionals. It contributes credibility to former military/police and government officers as they seek opportunities in the corporate world. As educators, CSP Certification program serves as continuing professional education that shapes educational leadership.