bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury in medical students of Rawalpindi; its socio-demographics, methods, and functions
Authors: Mehmood Muzna , Awan Noor-ul-ain , Fiaz Tooba , Raza Syeda Aliya
Published: December 2023

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among Pakistani medical students, its association with demographic variables, and the distribution of its methods and functions.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in from April 2021 to March 2022 at Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised medical students regardless of gender and year of study. Data was collected using the inventory of statements about self-harm scale to assess their socio-demographics, non-suicidal self-injury behaviors and functions. Data was analyzed using SPSS 28.
Results: Of the 411 subjects approached, 386(94%) correctly filled the forms; 170(44%) males and 216(55.9%) females. The overall mean age was 19.7 ±1.5 (range: 17-27 years). There were 132(34.1%) students from first year, 146(37.8%) second year, 44(11.3%) third year, 54(13.9%) fourth year and 10(2.5%) from the final year. There were 110(28.4%) with non-suicidal self-injury; 60(54.5%) males and 50(45.4%) females (p=0.008). There were 18(4.7%) subjects aged 18 years, and, of them, 14(77.7%) exhibited self-harm behavior. Among specific non-suicidal self-injury behaviors, ‘interfering with scabs and wound healing’ was the most common method 80(72.7%). As for the functions of non-suicidal self-injury behavior, there was a significant difference between intrapersonal and interpersonal functions (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Non-suicidal self-injury was highly prevalent among the young subjects, and it needs proper intervention for timely management.
Key Words: Behavior, Behavior mechanisms, Pakistan, Personality inventory, Self-injurious behavior, Young adult.
Emotional regulation strategies (ER) used by trainees to overcome negative emotions
Authors: Butt Fauzia , Mahboob Usman , Wajid Gohar , Khan Rehan Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To identify the use of different emotion regulation strategies by medical trainees, and to determine the frequency and the predominant pattern of emotional response in emotion-triggering situations.
Method: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at 2 public and 1 private medical college in Lahore, Pakistan, from March to September 2019, and comprised postgraduate medical trainees of either gender from all clinical disciplines from years 1-4. Data was collected using a questionnaire based on the Gross theory of emotional regulation and the Situational model of emotion. Emotion regulation strategies included situation selection, situation modification, cognitive change, attention deployment, and response modulation. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 377 trainees approached, 308(81.69%) participated; 206(67%) females and 102(33%) males. The overall mean age was 27.8+2.91 years. The majority of the trainees were from the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department 133(43.2%) and were in the first year of their training 116(37.7%). The most frequent emotion-triggering situation identified was prolonged working hours 292(95%), and the major emotional response was quietness in 5 out of ten situations (50%). The trainees used greater emotion regulation strategies in sad situations 3.49±1.79 (p<0.01). Trainees managed sad emotions by keeping themselves involved in other activities 152(49%); in anger, they blamed others 124(40.3%); in fear, they opted for suppression of emotions 71(22.7%); in disgust, they preferred avoidance 90(29.2%); and in shock, acceptance was a common strategy 21(12.7%).
Conclusion: Postgraduate medical trainees struggled to manage emotions and used maladaptive strategies.
Key Words: Emotions, Emotion regulation, Mental health, Emotional skill.
Comparison of inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients- a study based on disease severity groups
Authors: Riaz Zahra , Mahmood Namra , Sattar Arooj , Tariq Hira , Babar Kanwal , Ahmad Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Objective: To compare different inflammatory markers in various coronavirus disease 2019 severity groups.
Method: The cross-sectional, retrospective, comparative study was conducted at the Central Park Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data from April to June 2021 of coronavirus disease 2019 inpatients. The data was divided into mild, moderate and severe/critical category using the World Health Organisation interim guidelines. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 50 patients, 29(58%) were males and 21(42%) were females. The overall mean age was 54.12±21.23 years. The mean age was 62±17.1years in critical group compared to 50±19.7 years in mild and 52±15.9 years in moderate groups. There were 8(16%) patients in the mild group, 16(32%) moderate and 26(52%) in the critical severity group. Mortality was the outcome in 19(38%) cases, and 14(73.7%) of them were in the critical group (p=0.03). C reactive protein, interleukin-6, serum ferritin and D-dimer levels were significantly different among the groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Older people were found to have experienced coronavirus disease 2019 in more severe forms. The inflammatory markers were significantly high in patients with severe disease and were associated with high mortality.
Key Words: COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, SARS coronavirus, C-reactive protein, Ferritin, Interleukin-6, Acute-phase protein, Severity of illness.
Ophthalmology: a dwindling specialty in Pakistan
Authors: Tariq Moeez , Maanak Asif  , Ghazala Masood Farrukh
Published: December 2023

Madam Editor,
Ophthalmology is a branch of medical science that deals with diagnosing and treating eye disorders. It comprises both the medicinal and surgical aspects of eye care. Medical students choose a specific field of their interest as their future speciality. It is the dream of every medical student to go far in his or her field of study and to make good progress. Some students choose Medicine while others opt Surgery. Even in surgery, some students choose General surgery, while others choose other surgical interests, such as Cardiac surgery, Gynaecology, Neurosurgery, etc. The same thing happens in the field of medicine i.e., they want to become Internists, Pediatricians, Dermatologists, Neurologists and Cardiologists. But the tendency of students to opt Ophthalmology is observed to be less in Pakistan (1).
According to Aslam M, et al. (2011), only 1.7% of medical students in the .public sector and 3.3% of medical students in private sector medical colleges preferred Ophthalmology.(2). Another study by Hamid S et al., in 2019 conducted on the fourth and final year medical students, and house officers showed that only 3.8% of the participants were interested in Ophthalmology as a future subject of speciality, with a  male to female ratio being 1:3 ,which is alarming as well (3). The main factors influencing medical students not to choose Ophthalmology include, fewer chances of residency, prolonged duration of residency, and limited opportunities in the private sector (4). Besides this, students often perceived Ophthalmology as a ‘dry subject’ by students. The basics of the eye i.e., anatomy, histology, embryology, and physiology are also extensive and difficult to be retained for a prolonged period. Poor retention of concepts can also affect the specialty preference concerning Ophthalmology among medical students.
Though there are many benefits of choosing the field as a speciality, some being high income, less working hours and no duties in the night (4). Almost all cases in Ophthalmology are treated in daycare settings and the surgeries are also mainly elective procedures as there are fewer emergency calls. Moreover, sub-specialties are offered including Paediatric Ophthalmology, Orbit and Oculoplastics, and Vitreoretinal Ophthalmology (5). According to the International Council of Ophthalmology, there are 1860 ophthalmologists in Pakistan with 11 ophthalmologists per million of the  population (1). There is a dire need for ophthalmologists in the country.
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Factors associated with medical students' career choices at a private university: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sana Saeed  , Mahanoor Raza  , Areeba Hussain  , Muhammad Maisam Ali  , Farah Khalid
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to identify the factors associated with students’ career choices and the decision whether they wanted to be trained abroad or in Pakistan. The study utilised a cross-sectional design and was conducted between July 2021 and February 2022. An anonymous survey was distributed among the medical students at Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. All analysis was carried out using Stata 17. A total of 269 students participated in the study. The most sought-after specialties were surgery 68 (25.3%), medicine 25(9.3%), and paediatrics 14(5.2%), and the decision was highly influenced by positive mentors and lifestyle. In addition, 259 (96%) of the students expressed a desire to practice abroad for training due to higher financial prospects and quality of training. This study revealed that providing enthusiastic mentors may encourage medical students to pursue a broader range of specialties.
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Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism and its relation with clopidogrel resistance
Authors: Usman Nawaz  , Mudassar Noor  , Akbar Waheed
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To find out the prevalence of CYP2C19*2 genetic polymorphism in ischemic heart disease patients, and to determine its relation with clopidogrel resistance in different genotype groups.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2015 to December 2019 at the Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised ischemic heart disease patients of either gender who were on clopidogrel therapy. CYP2C19*2 genotyping of all the patients was carried out through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Platelet aggregation analysis was done using a light transmission aggregometer. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 390 patients, 232(59.5%) were males and 158(40.5%) were females. The overall age range was 16-82 years. Clinical indications of clopidogrel were angina 198(50.8%), myocardial infarction 146(37.4%) and acute coronary syndrome 46(11.8%). CYP2C19*2 genotyping showed that 196(50.24%) patients were homozygous wild type carriers (GG or *1/*1), 159(40.8%) were heterozygous carriers (GA or *1/*2), and 35(9%) were homozygous polymorphic allele carriers (AA or *2/*2). Platelet aggregation studies showed that there were 157(80.1%) clopidogrel responders and 39(19.9%) clopidogrel-resistant patients among GG carriers, 118(74.2%) clopidogrel responders and 41(25.8%) clopidogrel-resistant among GA carriers, and 18(51.4%) clopidogrel responders and 17(48.6%) clopidogrel-resistant among AA carriers (p=0.001). Intergroup mean platelet aggregation was significantly different (p=0.025). Allelic frequency of dominant allele *1 and polymorphic variant allele *2 was 0.706(70.6%) and 0.294(29.4), respectively.
Conclusion: Homozygous and heterozygous carriers of CYP2C19 allele *2 was found to have higher prevalence of clopidogrel resistance in the studied population.
Key Words: CYP2C19, Genetic polymorphism, Clopidogrel.
Survey regarding the use of endodontic posts among dentists of twin cities, Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Azeem Shehroze , Zahid Mehmood  , Mohibullah
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dentists of twin cities regarding the use of endodontic posts in root canal treated tooth. A questionnaire was created and distributed among dentists of Rawalpindi and Islamabad via social media platforms regarding the use of posts. The results revealed that majority (60%) of the participants used endodontic posts for teeth with adequate ferrule, and believed that the function of endodontic posts is to retain the core material (50.5%). Glass fibre posts were preferred for anterior teeth (87%), whereas metal posts were favoured in posterior teeth (63%). It was concluded that the main function of the endodontic post is to retain the core material. The commonest indication is when there is at least 2mm of ferrule present and the optimal post length is 2/3rd of the root canal.
Keywords: Post-Core Technic, Endodontically-treated tooth, Dental dowel.
An insight into genetic landscape of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Baig Zunaira Ali , Majeed Asifa
Published: December 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease has been regarded to be chronic intestinal inflammation characterised by a dsyregulatory immune response. The disease pathophysiology is known to be complex. Growing pieces of evidences underpin the involvement of various environmental and genetic determinants in the disease onset. The current narrative review was planned to manifest the contribution of genetic drivers for disease onset and to target signalling pathways that might present a therapeutic potential for further research. The factors of the disease that provide the genetic nature and understanding of the pathways involved have been researched in recent times. Also, numerous disease-developing factors have been studied and assessed. Among them genetic determinants of disease onset have further improved the understanding of disease development. Genetic contributors to the onset of disease as well as important therapeutic targets need to be understood as predictive genetic risk factors have a potential implication for personalised treatment.
Invasive fungal infection by saprochaeta capitata in an immunocompromised child- a case report from cancer hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Aslam Seemal , Abbas Salma Muhammad , Safdar Nida
Published: December 2023

Saprochaeta Capitata is an emerging fungus known to cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. Here, we describe the case of a 4-year-old male child seen in Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, after obtaining informed consent from the parents. He had Pre-B ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) and contracted this infection during induction chemotherapy. With the use of dual antifungals, he was able to survive this otherwise fatal fungal infection.
Keywords: Saprochaeta capitata, invasive fungal infection, dual antifungal therapy, immunocompromised.
Nimesulide: A double-edged sword must be banned
Authors: Bin Khalid Muhammad Moaz , Muhammad Nouman
Published: December 2023

Dear Editor,
My purpose in writing this letter is to draw your attention to a very susceptible situation of possible adverse reactions like hepatotoxicity caused by Nimesulide. It is being prescribed as an over-the-counter drug and is available even online for home delivery without any prescription in Pakistan.
Nimesulide is an atypical selective COX-2 inhibitor that is similar in anti-inflammatory effects as compared to other classical NSAIDs and selective COX-2 (celecoxib & rofecoxib) inhibitors but different as it has a protective effect on NSAID-induced ulcers as compared to other more selective COX-2 inhibitors, which do prevent but do not protect NSAID induced ulcers.
But, does this only benefit of being gastroprotective justify its use as a relatively common drug with or without a prescription?
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Robotic-assisted surgery in Pakistan: its Pros and Cons
Authors: Faizan Muhammad Aqib , Rehman Tooba
Published: December 2023

Dear Editor,
Robotic surgery, is a state-of-the-art technique that enables surgeons to carry out complex procedures with greater accuracy. (1) The system's purpose was to assist surgeons in doing intricate operations while still doing laparoscopy. The system incorporates 3 basic components namely; is 1. Patient’s cart, with robotic arms.; 2. The vision cart incorporated with the hardware to run the system including the camera and the light controls;3. The surgeon’s console, a platform where surgeon controls the movements of the robotic arms. All three are linked by fiber optics. Telesurgery is possible, thanks to the network connection of the surgeon's console.
This is how the first robotic surgery was performed, with the patient located in Strasbourg, France, and the surgeon doing the procedure located in the United States. (2) Clinical outcomes for robotic surgery are better than those for conventional laparoscopy; benefits include a lower complication rate, a shorter hospital stay, less post-operative pain, and better aesthetic results. The disadvantage is that training and a committed team are needed. The medical trolley is fairly heavy. The lack of tactile feedback to the surgeon is one of the main disadvantages of robotic surgery. The price of the system, including upkeep, is another barrier. (3) In Pakistan, the Sindh Government Qatar Hospital in Karachi hosted the first DVS system deployment in 2011. But after a few operations, this system did not show the promising outcome, most likely as a result of insufficient experience and technical support. In 2013, the second robotic platform (DVSi), which was more advanced and of a higher generation than the first, was placed in the Civil Hospital Karachi. (4) Surgical treatments were started in cooperation with the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), which has performed over 500 operations to date. The effectiveness of this program has also been effectively aided by the Sindh government, which funds 150 cases each year. (5) A robotic platform costs about Rs 300 million, with the annual maintenance contract accounting for 10% of the total cost. The average price due to the sparse usage of tools (10 procedures) is around Rs. 529,310.571. (6,7)
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Perilaku Alam Sekitar Peramal Kepada Keinginan Untuk Menyertai Inisiatif Pembersihan Sungai
Authors: Shamsudin Suhailah , Amir Ahmad Aldrie , Wan Mohamad Ali Wan Md Syukri
Published: December 2023

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meramalkan hubungan positif antara tingkah laku pro-alam sekitar, efikasi kendiri hijau dan kepercayaan hijau terhadap niat untuk menyertai inisiatif pembersihan sungai. Teori penentuan kendiri dan teori persepsi kendiri menerangkan hubungan peramal dengan niat penyertaan. Satu soal selidik kendiri telah mengumpul data daripada 350 operator bot kecil dalam Persatuan Bot Rekreasi Selangor dan Persatuan Nelayan Kawasan Pelabuhan Klang yang menggunakan Sungai Klang yang tercemar. 300 soal selidik yang dikembalikan telah disaring menggunakan SPSS. 267 responden boleh digunakan untuk analisis. Analisis model pengukuran menunjukkan instrumen memperoleh kebolehpercayaan dan kesahihan selepas menggugurkan beberapa item. Analisis model struktur menyokong hipotesis, menunjukkan individu dengan tingkah laku pro-alam sekitar, efikasi kendiri hijau dan kepercayaan hijau berniat untuk menyertai pembersihan sungai disebabkan kesedaran yang tinggi untuk memelihara sungai. Mereka juga sangat termotivasi apabila pembersihan menunjukkan pengurangan sampah. Kajian ini memberi sumbangan akademik dan praktikal untuk mengubah tingkah laku manusia berkaitan penyertaan pembersihan sungai bagi pemeliharaan alam sekitar. Ia menasihati penyelidik masa depan untuk meneroka pemboleh ubah dan teori untuk konteks yang berbeza dan perubahan tingkah laku manusia dalam inisiatif alam sekitar. Di samping itu, kajian ini boleh mengkaji penyertaan dalam pembersihan sungai-sungai utama Malaysia yang lain.
Socio-Cultural Perceptions toward Blood Donation Practice Among Young Blood Donors
Authors: Sulaiman Szariannie , Mustari Sohela , Eid Iyad M. Y
Published: December 2023

This is a qualitative study examining the socio-cultural perception toward blood donation practice among young blood donors. Understanding blood donation practice and its underlying socio-cultural perceptions among the younger population is crucial to the functioning of the health system. This is to ensure blood supply is adequate to address the health needs of the population. To address the issue, nine (9) young blood donor aged between 21 and 24 years old were approached during a blood donation drive held at the International Islamic University Malaysia. These young blood donors were selected through a convenient sampling technique. Guided by a semi-structured interview schedule, face-to-face interviews were conducted on campus to capture informants’ perceptions toward blood donation practice. Thematic analysis technique was used to analyse data obtained from the study. It was found that young blood donors in this study perceive blood donation practice as a good thing to do to help others. This includes perceiving blood donation practice as moral and social responsibilities.
KORELASI PAPARAN INFORMASI TERKAIT PERGURUAN TINGGI TERHADAP MINAT STUDI LANJUT PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Fauzia Dwi  Sasmita  , Fernandita Yulia , Noor Muhammad Azidan , Rahman Rafa’na , Prasetyo Wawan
Published: December 2023

Terbatasnya akses informasi mengenai perguruan tinggi menjadi salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi minat studi lanjut peserta didik dan membuat mereka mengurungkan niat untuk melanjutkan studi ke tingkat perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis korelasi paparan informasi terkait perguruan tinggi terhadap minat studi lanjut peserta didik MAN 2 Batola. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif kuantitatif. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah 58 orang peserta didik kelas XII di MAN 2 Batola. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang dibagikan secara online. Data angket dianalisis dengan menghitung persentase angket respon suru, uji korelasi, uji regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan positif berkorelasi kuat antara paparan informasi peserta didik kelas XII MAN 2 Batola terhadap perguruan tinggi dengan minat studi lanjut ke perguruan tinggi dengan nilai  sebesar 0,742 (MIPA); 0,785 (IPS), dan 0,798 (Agama). Pengaruh paparan informasi perguruan tinggi dengan minat studi lanjut ke perguruan tinggi jurusan MIPA sebesar 61,6%; jurusan IPS sebesar 55,1%; dan jurusan Agama sebesar 63,7%.  Peserta didik kelas XII MAN 2 memilih ULM sebagai kampus tujuan studi lanjut, disusul UIN Antasari Banjarmasin, dan Poliban. Jurusan yang dipilih oleh peserta didik didominasi oleh keguruan (guru), dokter (kesehatan), dan ekonomi.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa beberapa kendala peserta didik kelas XII MAN 2 Batola dalam melanjutkan studi ialah kendala ekonomi, lebih memilih untuk bekerja, izin orangtua akibat stabilitas keuangan keluarga, hingga jarak tempat tinggal dengan perguruan tinggi tujuan. Adapun pemerintah/instansi perguruan tinggi diharapkan dapat menyelenggarakan sosialisasi mengenai jurusan, program studi, serta prospek kerja dari jurusan tersebut, beserta dengan peluang beasiswa.
Validity of SenseWear Armband in assessing the energy expenditure at different exercise intensities during menstrual cycle
Authors: Yılmaz Fatma , Goren Kose Mehmet , Kin İsler Ayse , Hazır Tahir
Published: December 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the SenseWear Armband (SWA) in assessing the energy expenditure at different exercise intensities during midfollicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle.

Material and Methods: Twenty volunteer women athletes (age: 20.6±1.6 yrs, height: 168.3±7.3 cm; menstrual cycle: 28.8±2.1 days) with regular menstrual cycle participated in the study. Participants performed treadmill running exercise for 10 min at 35% and 75% of their VO2max in their midfollicular (days 7-9) and luteal phases (days 21-23). Phases of the menstrual cycle were confirmed by hormone analysis. Energy expenditure during the running exercise was assessed simultaneously by the indirect calorimetric method, and the SWA. Multi-way ANOVA was used for the effect of method (2) x phase (2) x intensity (2) on energy expenditure. In addition, the Pearson correlation coefficient was determined between the variables.

Results: Estradiol and progesterone levels measured in the midfollicular phase were significantly higher than in luteal phase (p<0.05). Energy expenditure at 75% intensity was significantly higher than energy expenditure at 35% intensity (p<0.05). No significant method (p>0.05) and phase (p>0.05) effect was found in energy expenditure. There was no significant method x phase, phase x intensity, and method x phase x intensity interaction (p>0.05), however method x intensity interaction was significant (p<0.05). At the midfollicular phase the correlations between energy levels from indirect calorimetric and SWA methods were not significant (for 35%, r=0.382; for 75%, r=0.147; p>0.05). In contrast, significant correlation was found between energy levels from the indirect calorimetric, and the SWA methods at the luteal phase (for 35%, r=0.495; for 75%, r=0.748; p<0.05).

Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that energy expenditures at different menstrual phases were similar and that SWA was a valid method in assessing energy expenditure at different exercise intensities during the menstrual cycle.
Rambling and trembling trajectories in the analysis of postural sway prior to the self-paced and reaction time tasks
Authors: Celik Huseyin , Yilmaz Ugur , Arpinar Avsar Pinar
Published: December 2023

Objective: Previous studies suggested that center of pressure (COP) shifts occur before an expected perturbation in the form of early and anticipatory postural adjustments which operate in a short time scale. However, the effect of such perturbations on pre-existing postural set on a longer time scale remained uncovered. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether rambling and trembling components of the COP trajectories depend on postural task or phase of trial before a self-initiated perturbation.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-four young healthy participants took part in the study. Subjects performed three postural tasks, namely, (i) quiet stance task: 60 seconds quiet stance, (ii) self-paced task: maximal vertical jump from quiet stance under the self-paced time condition, and (iii) reaction-time task: maximal vertical jump from quiet stance under the reaction-time condition. Postural sway features were examined in two phases, the first and last 20 seconds of the trials.

Results: The features of rambling and trembling components of the COP trajectories were affected by postural task or phase of trial. The ellipse area of the COP and rambling trajectories were significantly different among postural tasks. The median frequency was significantly different between the phases of trials for the COP and rambling trajectories.

Conclusion: This study indicated task-specific changes in postural sway features. Rambling and trembling trajectories, which would reflect two underlying human postural control mechanisms as maintaining the body's equilibrium with respect to a moving reference point and oscillating around the moving reference point respectively, were affected differently before a whole-body maximum-effort self-initiated perturbation.
Comparison of anxiety status, social support, and coping mechanisms among football players and American football players
Authors: Köyağasıoğlu Ogün , Şenışık Seçkin
Published: December 2023

Objective: We aimed to assess the differences of psychological factors among football players and American football players.

Methods: A total of 68 players (34 American football players and 34 football players) were investigated. Data of players (age, height, body weight, body mass index, marital status, sports experience), and their answers to State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) were collected.

Results: Height, body weight and body mass index values of American football players were significantly higher than football players (p=0.033; p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively). The rate of being married of football players was significantly higher than American football players (p=0.021). Sports history of football players was significantly higher than American football players (p<0.001). The state anxiety level of American football players is significantly lower than football players (p<0.001), and total scores for social support (p=0.038), coping with adversity (p=0.013), coachability (p<0.001), concentration (p=0.002), and confidence and achievement motivation subscales (p=0.005) were significantly higher than football players.

Conclusion: The psychological state of the athletes, their ability to cope with stressful conditions and the social support they receive may differ among sports branches. Therefore, considering the differences between the athletes in different sport branches may contribute when planning appropriate interventions for mental health programs.
The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on competition performances of professional orienteering athletes: An example of explanatory sequential mixed design
Authors: Örsçelik Aydan , Ercan Sabriye
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study aims to understand and reveal the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the competitive performance of professional orienteering athletes.

Materials and Methods: The performance changes of the athletes were analyzed in the quantitative stage according to the results of the competition. Qualitative data from the one-on-one interview method were analyzed to understand why factors were statistically significant at the quantitative stage. By evaluating the two data sets together, the study presented the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of elite orienteering athletes with a generalizable and in-depth perspective.

Results: The number of athletes participating in the competition was low, and the rate of successful completion of the competition was high during the pandemic process. The shortening of the 'second per kilometer' duration of the elite athletes participating in the competitions held during the pandemic. In the one-on-one interview discussion with the athletes, nine main themes affecting the competition performance were found; the effect of training, nutrition change, economic impact, situations affecting overall performance, the effect of changes in competitions, psychosocial impact, the effect of health problems, motivation to continue sports and forward-looking planning.

Conclusion: Performance should be considered holistically, improvement achieved only through training would not be enough for success, athlete evaluation should also be based on economical and biopsychosocial aspects.
Editorial
Authors: Claudio Zanotelli
Published: December 2023

Editorial
Media and obesity: bibliometric analysis
Authors: Navas Ortega Edda Priscila , Zambrano Santos Zita Lucia del Rosario , Zambrano Vele Carmen Katerine
Published: December 2023

Obesity is a visible public health problem that remains a neglected issue. The media can promote healthy lifestyles, however, it can become a means of disinformation. The study's objective was to perform a bibliometric analysis on the coverage of obesity in the media and social networks through the search for scientific information in the Web of Science, where 1191 open-access articles were obtained, which were analyzed in the VosViewer software. It was observed that there has been an increase in scientific publications regarding obesity in recent years. The importance of physical activity, prevention, and influence of social networks is highlighted. However, there are gaps in research, especially in media and social media communication to prevent obesity. A multidisciplinary approach is required, involving the media, governments, and health professionals.
STRUCTURE AND PROPAGATION OF CHAPMAN-JOUGET WAVES IN A HYDROGEN-OXYGEN MIXTURE WITH ALUMINUM PARTICLES
Authors: Khmel T.A. , Lavruk S.A.
Published: December 2023

The processes of formation and propagation of hybrid detonation plane waves in hydrogenoxygen-argon mixtures with aluminum particles ranging in size from 3:5m to 13m with various loadings are numerically simulated. A physical and mathematical model of the reduced kinetics of hydrogen and aluminum combustion is used, taking into account the formation of solid oxide and gaseous suboxides. A stabilizing effect of aluminum particles on the flow, an increase in the detonation velocity and peak pressures and temperatures has been established. At the intermediate stage, temporary two-front configurations are formed. As the fronts propagate they merge the structures are transformed into singlefront ones. The established Chapman-Jouguet structures and their differences from gaseous detonation structures are analyzed.
DETECTION OF VOID NUCLEATION, COALESCENCE AND COLLAPSE IN ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS
Authors: Mayer A.E. , Mayer P.N.
Published: December 2023

Extraction of required information from atomic configurations is crucial for efficient use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and automating this process allows the collection of statistical data to develop and validate physical models and data-driven approaches.
Here we update the previously developed pore searching algorithm to automatically detect the events of void nucleation, collapse and coalescence by comparing pairs of atomic configurations. We calculate an intersection matrix, which shows common regions between voids of current and previous time frames, and analysis of this intersection matrix gives a numerical criterion for determination of the considered events. The updated algorithm is verified in the case of small MD system and further used to analyze a large MD system with many hundreds of voids. The predominance of void collapse is confirmed in the case of uniform triaxial tension of solid aluminum, while void coalescence instead of collapse is detected in the case of a more complex loading with axial compression and lateral tension. This dependence of the predominant mechanism on the loading path correlates with previous finite element analysis in the literature. Another interesting finding is a continuing nucleation and collapse of voids far beyond the fracture beginning at a level
of negative pressure much lower than the spall strength, which can be attributed to a developed defect structure of material produced by plastic growth of voids.
MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF ION-EXCHANGE SILVER FORMS OF POLYANTIMONIC ACID
Authors: Yaroshenko F.A. , Burmistrov V.A. , Silova A.E. , Lupitskaya Yu.A. , Filonenko E.M. , Timushkov P.V. , Ulyanov M.N. , Saunina S.I.
Published: December 2023

The possibility of synthesising ion-substituted forms of hydrated silver antimonates has been studied. For the synthesis, the method of mechanochemical activation of the components of an inorganic mixture consisting of polyantimonic acid (PAA) with composition and silver nitrate with the concentration range from 0.0 to 1.0 has been applied. The results of studies of the phase composition of the synthesized compounds and their structural features are presented. Using the Rietveld method, the parameters of the crystal lattice of PAA hydrated ionsubstituted silver forms with a pyrochlore-type structure have been refined. The model for the occupation of metal ions by crystallographic positions has been proposed: the framework of the structure of the compounds is formed by 16c- and 48f-positions, in which Sb5+ and O2- are statistically located; hydrated oxonium ions (H3O+) and silver ions occupy 16d- and 8b-positions respectively. It has been shown that the synthesis of silver forms of PAA is preferably carried out by the mechanochemical synthesis, which results in the complete substitution of proton groups by silver ions in the structure of the compounds.
Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Urology Clinic Attendance: Which Diseases are Important for Patients?
Authors: ÇIRAKOĞLU Abullah , BENLİ Erdal , KELEŞ Mevlüt , YÜCE Ahmet , YAZICI İbrahim
Published: December 2023

Introduction: We assessed whether there were changes in the characteristics of the patient population attending our urology clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and Method: Patients attending the general urology clinic of SB-ODU Education and Research Hospital were assessed. Dates from 3 February 2020-10 March 2020 were accepted as before the pandemic, with 11 March 2020-29 May 2020 accepted as after the pandemic. Complaints of patients on attendance were grouped as follows: benign prostate hyperplasia, ureteral diseases, kidney diseases, testis and scrotum diseases, incontinence, bladder diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, penile diseases, emergency urologic problems, sexual problems, urethral diseases, kidney and ureter stones, pediatric diseases and urologic tumors.

Results: While 638 patients attended the urology clinic in the 1.5-month period before the pandemic, 398 patients attended in the 2.5-month period after the pandemic. Additionally, 30.9% of patients attending the clinic before the pandemic were women, while this rate fell to 23.6% after the pandemic. After the pandemic, there were statistically significant reductions identified for attendance due to BPH, ureteral diseases, kidney diseases, incontinence, bladder diseases and urethra diseases. There was no significant difference in attendance due to urinary system tumors, pediatric urologic patient group, attendance due to kidney and ureter stones, sexual problems and emergency urology problems. There were increases identified for attendance for testis and scrotum diseases and sexually-transmitted diseases.

Conclusion: During the pandemic, the numbers of patients attending the urology clinic significantly reduced. During the pandemic, there were increases identified for attendance at our clinic for testis and scrotum diseases and sexually-transmitted diseases. While attendance reduced for many disease groups, rates of attendance for urologic emergencies, urinary tumors, pediatric patient group, stone disease and sexual problems continued as usual.
ARKA KOLPORAFİ AMELİYATININ DOĞUM SONRASI SONUÇLARI
Authors: ESERCAN Alev , DEMİR İsmail
Published: December 2023

Rektosel çoğu asemptomatik olmakla birlikte fazla sayıda doğum, iri bebek doğurma, karın içi basıncını artıran ve bozan durumlar sonucunda oluşur. Semptomatik rektoselin tedavisinde bir cerrahi seçenek olarak arka kolporafi ameliyatı yapılabilmektedir. Literatürde bu ameliyat sonrası hastaların gebe kalıp kalamayacağı, vajinal doğum yapılırsa rektoselin nüks edip etmeyeceği net değildir ve çok az sayıda hasta vardır. Şanlıurfa Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi’nde 2016-2023 yılları arasında semptomatik rektoseli olan hastaların takiplerindeki sonuçları ve içlerinden doğum yapanların sonuçlarını araştırmak hedeflenmiştir.

Evre 2 ve 3 rektoseli toplam 546 hastanın meshsiz arka kolporafi ameliyatı sonrası sonuçlarında; hastaların yaş ortalaması 41.51±11.74 yıl ve parite ortalaması 5.06±1.66 doğumdu. 546 hastanın 115’si ameliyat sonrası gebe kalarak bunların 92’si vajinal doğum yapmıştır. Bebeklerin ortalama doğum kilosu 3280±258 gramdı. Ameliyattan sonra ortalama takip süresi 11.48±9.34 (1-60) ay olup takiplerde hem doğum yapanlar hem de doğum yapmayanların hiçbirinde rektosel nüksü görülmemiştir.

Literatürde bu kadar fazla hasta sayısına sahip başka çalışma bulunmamakla birlikte sonuç olarak arka kolporafi ameliyatı olmak isteyen hastaların çocuk sahibi olmayı ertelemelerine gerek yok gibi gözükmektedir.
Influence of Packaging Materials on Food Shelf-Life in Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Ngolo Joseph
Published: December 2023

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate influence of packaging materials on food shelf-life in Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.

Findings: A study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo explored the impact of packaging materials on food shelf-life. Key factors affecting food quality included temperature, humidity, light, oxygen, and microorganisms. Various materials like paper, plastic, metal, and glass were compared based on barrier properties, strength, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness. Plastic packaging emerged as the most suitable option due to its low permeability to oxygen and water vapor, resistance to damage, and affordability. However, the study cautioned about potential issues such as chemical migration, waste accumulation, and negative public perception, emphasizing the need for careful use and proper disposal of plastic packaging.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: diffusion theory (fick's law), oxygen scavenging theory & barrier theory may be used to anchor future studies on influence of packaging materials on food shelf-life in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Encourage the food industry to invest in innovative packaging materials and technologies that extend shelf-life while minimizing environmental impact. Government agencies should collaborate with industry stakeholders and allocate research funding to support studies on packaging material-food interactions.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: Matondang Khoiruddin , Saragih Risna Mira Bella , Daulay Leni Agustina
Published: December 2023

Kemampuan literasi matematis siswa Indonesia masih rendah dan tertinggal jauh dari negara lain. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengembangkan kemampuan literasi matematika siswa, yang mengacu pada kemampuan setiap orang untuk memahami dan menerapkan matematika dalam berbagai konteks yang terhubung dengan alam, masyarakat, dan budaya. Abstrak menjelaskan secara singkat tujuan dan hasil penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan di SD YAPSI Medan tahun pembelajaran 2022/2023 ganep. Subjek penelitian  siswa kelas V-A SD YAPSI Medan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif  yang  mendeskripsikan  literasi matematika pada materi kecepatan. Ada  tiga  tahapan  prosedur yang  dilalui yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan dan analisis. Objek  penelitian adalah pengenalan literasi matematika pada materi kecepatan. Teknik pengumpulan menggunakan dokumentasi, rekaman video, data tertulis dan wawancara. Instrument yang digunakan adalah foto, lembar tes tertulis dan lembar catatan di lapangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan triangulasi untuk mendeskripsikan peran dari aktivitas yang telah didesain selama proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian kemampuan literasi matematika kelas V-A SD YAPSI termasuk ‘’Tinggi”. Dari 35 siswa, 29 siswa memahami soal literasi matematika dan 6 siswa tidak memahami soal literasi matematika.
A Strategic Change Management Model of Enhancing Organizational Performance of Telecommunication Organizations in Zimbabwe.
Authors: Mazikana Anthony Tapiwa , Madende Stanley , Muchenje King , Mandere Tendai
Published: December 2023

Change management is a concept that has been embraced by firms the world over given the fact that firms that practices change management tend to benefit from enhanced organizational performance (Nyoni et al., 2017). Research has shown that companies which adopt strategic change management tend to benefit in terms of increased profits and enhanced organizational performance (Chavan & Bhattacharya, 2022). According to Buschow & Suhr (2022) change management refers to the practise of taking a methodical, organised approach to the transition or transformation of an organization’s objectives, procedures, or technologies. Implementing strategies for bringing about change, maintaining control over change, and assisting individuals in becoming accustomed to change are the primary objectives of change management (Husnah & Aslami, 2022). Feranita et al. (2020) defined change management is the process of describing and implementing change within a company’s processes, both internal and external. Munawar (2021) noted that change management involves preparing and supporting personnel, developing the essential processes for change, and monitoring activities both before and after the change to ensure that it is successfully implemented.
Contrast as a Discursive Strategy in Editorial Cartoons
Authors: Adeoti Oluwatomi
Published: December 2023

In order to understand how cartoonists use contrast as a discursive strategy for creating and emphasising particular meanings, this study analyses the structure and purposes of contrast in editorial cartoons in a few Nigerian newspapers. 25 cartoons were chosen, categorised as pictorial or lexical, and then analysed using pragmatic shared knowledge, Cruse’s (1986) classification of opposites, and Bejar et al. (1991) classification of contrast. According to the analysis, contrast was used to express the realities of Nigeria, the expected versus actuality in Nigeria, as well as affiliation or disaffiliation with the government’s actions or inactions. The study asserts that contrast can be used for purposes other than stylistic ones. They can also be a strategy for denigrating the perceived incompetence of Nigerian leaders, a tool for exploiting contextual indices, and a means of signalling polarity, consequently showing disaffiliation with the actions of the government of the nation.
Unpacking Organizational Adaptation Strategies: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Arunga Humphreys Javan
Published: December 2023

This paper examines strategies that help organizations adapt to changing and complex environments. Drawing from existing research, the study explores key strategies like agile learning, organizational ambidexterity, digital transformation, and resource configuration. These strategies are crucial in helping organizations become more resilient and adaptable. The paper discusses each strategy, providing valuable insights into how organizations can effectively manage uncertainties and challenges in today’s business world. In conclusion, these strategies are highlighted as vital tools for enhancing organizational adaptability amidst ongoing changes and challenges. The paper also emphasizes the need for more practical research to understand better how these strategies impact organizational performance.