bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of the Hungarian childhood trauma questionnaire short form and its validity in patients with adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or borderline personality disorder
Authors: Kenézlői Eszter , Csernela Eszter , Nemoda Zsófia , Lakatos Krisztina , Czéh Boldizsár , Unoka Zsolt Szabolcs , Simon Mária , Réthelyi János M.
Published: November 2023

Background

Compelling evidence supports the role of childhood traumatization in the etiology of psychiatric disorders, including adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (aADHD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (H-CTQ-SF) and to investigate the differences between patients diagnosed with aADHD and BPD in terms of early traumatization.

Methods

Altogether 765 (mean age = 32.8 years, 67.7% women) patients and control subjects were enrolled from different areas of Hungary. Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to explore the factor structure of H-CTQ-SF and test the validity of the five-factor structure. Discriminative validity was assessed by comparing clinical and non-clinical samples. Subsequently, aADHD and BPD subgroups were compared with healthy controls to test for the role of early trauma in aADHD without comorbid BPD. Convergent validity was explored by measuring correlations with subscales of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5).

Results

The five scales of the H-CTQ-SF demonstrated adequate internal consistency and reliability values. The five-factor model fitted the Hungarian version well after exclusion of one item from the physical neglect scale because of its cross-loading onto the emotional neglect subscale. The H-CTQ-SF effectively differentiated between the clinical and non-clinical samples. The BPD, but not the aADHD group showed significant differences in each CTQ domain compared with the healthy control group. All CTQ domains, except for physical abuse, demonstrated medium to high correlations with PID-5 emotional lability, anxiousness, separation insecurity, withdrawal, intimacy avoidance, anhedonia, depressivity, suspiciousness, and hostility subscales.

Conclusions

Our study confirmed the psychometric properties of the H-CTQ-SF, an easy-to-administer, non-invasive, ethically sound questionnaire. In aADHD patients without comorbid BPD, low levels of traumatization in every CTQ domain were comparable to those of healthy control individuals. Thus, the increased level of traumatization found in previous studies of aADHD might be associated with the presence of comorbid BPD. Our findings also support the role of emotional neglect, emotional abuse and sexual abuse in the development of BPD.
Archaeometric characterization and restoration proposal for filling mortars of Oshki (Öşvank) church
Authors: Kavali Evren , Eroğlu Murat , Çakıcı Murat , Çakıcı Fatma Zehra
Published: November 2023

In order to ensure the sustainability of cultural, historical and architectural heritage, preserving and restoring historical buildings and transferring them to future generations is one of the important issues of today. Restoration decisions regarding the repairs of historical buildings are of great importance in this context. Developing correct intervention decisions requires the thorough analysis of the structure, the determination of the structural and material properties meticulously, and the use the most appropriate materials for repairing it. However, only physical and chemical analyses are not sufficient to determine material properties of historical buildings; therefore, archaeometric analyses are needed to determine them more appropriately. In this study, it is aimed to determine the components and characteristics of the filling mortars of Oshki (Öşvank) Church, one of the most magnificent structures of the Eastern Anatolia region, in order to preserve the masonry structure and guide the restoration studies in the light of archaeometric analyses. The raw material properties of the samples taken from the filling mortars of the church were determined by the physical, chemical and petrographic analyses. As a result of the analyses, the aggregate-binding properties of Oshki Church filler mortars were determined. It was revealed that the aggregate content was determined as petrographic, lime was used as a binder and all samples contained pozzolan whereas no cement was used in any of the samples, and the samples did not contain marble rice/powder and organic additives like oil, protein etc. It has also been observed that the aggregate in the mortar content is compatible with the geological formations of near surrounding of the church. In this context, this study emphasizes the importance of archaeometric analysis in restoration of historical buildings. Moreover, differing from other studies in the literature, this study proposes mortar recipe to be used in the restoration of the church, which can pioneer to future studies in the field of architectural restoration.
Exploring language needs of college transfer students with learning analytics: towards a more equitable experience
Authors: Foung Dennis , Chen Julia , Cheung Kin
Published: November 2023

College transfer students are those who follow a different trajectory in their higher education journeys than traditional students, completing a sub-degree before pursuing a bachelor’s degree at a university. While the possibility of transferring makes higher education accessible to these students, previous studies have found that they face various challenges, from issues with course load to language challenges. This study aims to examine (1) the critical factors contributing to the success of transfer students in a language course; and (2) how transfer students perform better or worse than those who enter university directly. This study conducted learning analytics with 700 college transfer students in Hong Kong, retrieving their demographic and learning data from the learning management system and the university academic registry. The results suggest that English exam scores, current semester GPA, graduating GPA at community college and current course load are important predictors of transfer students’ success in language courses. This study also finds that transfer students have lower levels of language proficiency than direct entrants. It concludes with specific recommendations to make higher education more accessible to transfer students and suggestions on how to use learning analytics to track students with different trajectories.
Ossified intramuscular hematoma of the paraspinal muscles: a case report
Authors: Zelmanovich Rebecca , Lucke-Wold Brandon , Elghareeb Mohammed
Published: November 2023

Background

Ossified intramuscular hematomas (OIH) are an exceptionally rare condition that may be mistaken for alternative calcified intramuscular pathologies, such as myositis ossificans. Exceedingly few cases of OIHs have been reported to date, with no cases yet to be reported in the paraspinal muscles.

Case presentation

Here, we report on a patient who presented with a chronic back pain and swelling in the setting of trauma 15 years prior. Radiographic workup revealed a calcified mass in the erector spinae muscles. The lesion was surgically excised, and histologic examination confirmed the presence of an OIH. The patient did well postoperatively.

Conclusion

An OIH is a poorly understood pathology. Although benign, these lesions can cause significant morbidity, and surgical excision is a reasonable and safe treatment option. OIHs may be distinguished from related calcified intramuscular pathologies based on key clinical features and distinct histopathology. Clinically, they are characterized by a history of remote trauma and, on histopathology, by compact, mature bone in the setting of an old, organizing hematoma. Despite this, similarities with other calcified intramuscular pathologies persist, and further study is warranted to better understand and classify these lesions.
Technology and economics of electric vehicle power transfer: insights for the automotive industry
Authors: Ghatikar Girish , Alam Mohammad S.
Published: November 2023

Battery-based electric vehicles (BEVs) in the United States (U.S.) set a new sales record in 2022, driven by technology, policy, environmental, and economic objectives. However, the rapid deployment of BEVs and charging infrastructure without a careful review of their integration with the electric grid can have negative economic impacts on reliable and resilient electricity supply. Bi-directional power transfer (Bi-Di) vehicle-grid integration technologies and services such as vehicle-to-home or building (V2H/B) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) can potentially lower local and system peak demand, improve economics for grid operators, and benefit BEV customers. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the automotive industry are exploring technologies and economics (techno-economics) for Bi-Di services. The study conducted a literature review of eleven case studies in the U.S. and Europe that featured Bi-Di demonstrations from 2005 to 2022 to highlight insights and techno-economic opportunities and challenges for OEMs. The findings should motivate the OEMs to prioritize technology innovation and business models to increase BEV sales and gain continuous revenue from Bi-Di services, which can potentially transition "car makers" to "technology solution" companies.
Curriculum content mapping of the Chinese National Biology Curriculum Standards for middle school: an analysis from the OECD Education 2030 perspective
Authors: Lin Shan , Wang Jian , Li Xiaorong , Tang Xingdong , Sun Chang , Tan Mingxia , Luo Tian
Published: November 2023

Curriculum standards are a critical component of a nation’s educational system and directly impact talent development and overall national development. Most studies on curriculum standards focus on a single competency. This study aims to understand the extent to which the competencies outlined in the OECD 2030-oriented learning framework are reflected in China’s compulsory education biology curriculum as a whole and within individual content subjects. In this study, we conducted a content analysis of China’s National Biology Curriculum Standards (Grades 7–9). The result shows that the standards cover 20 of the 28 competencies, focusing on foundational literacies, transformative competencies and competency development. We found that certain competencies, such as Action, Literacy, and Problem-solving, were emphasized across content subjects, while other competencies were uniquely emphasized within specific content subjects. This study provides a comprehensive view of China’s National Biology Curriculum Standards (Grades 7–9) from the perspective of future literacy development and can inform efforts to reform the curriculum.
Aloperine targets lysosomes to inhibit late autophagy and induces cell death through apoptosis and paraptosis in glioblastoma
Authors: Tang Ting , Liang Hui , Wei Wuting , Han Yanling , Cao Liang , Cong Zixiang , Luo Shiqiao , Wang Handong , Zhou Meng-Liang
Published: November 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive intracranial tumour, and current chemotherapy regimens have limited efficacy. Aloperine (ALO), a natural alkaline compound, has shown potential as an antitumor agent. However, the effect of ALO against GBM remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the function of ALO in treating GBM. U87, A172, and GL261 cell lines were used for in vitro experiments, and GL261 was also used to establish in vivo models. The results showed that ALO inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, autophagy was found to play a critical role, suggested by observation of autophagosomes under the transmission electron microscopy. It was discovered for the first time that ALO targeted lysosomes directly in glioma cells, tested by fluo-rescence-labelled ALO and organelle-localizing probes. In addition, ALO inhibited late autophagy and induced paraptosis in GBM, verified by classical gene expression changes in qPCR and western blotting. Also, ALO inhibited tumour growth and acted synergistically with temozolomide in intracranial glioma mice models in vivo. Our findings suggest that ALO targets lysosomes to inhibit late autophagy in GBM, inducing cell cycle arrest, paraptosis, and apoptosis. ALO may therefore be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of GBM.
Pro-Con Debate: Should Critically Ill Patients Undergo Procedures at Bedside or in the Operating Room?
Authors: Karamchandani Kunal , Evers Matthew , Smith Travis , Bonavia Anthony , Deshpande Ranjit , Klick John C. , Abdelmalak Basem B.
Published: November 2023

Nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) is a fast-growing field in anesthesiology, wherein anesthesia care is provided for surgical procedures performed outside the main operating room (OR) pavilion. Advances in medical science and technology have led to an increasing number of procedures being moved out of the operating room to procedural suites. One such NORA location is the intensive care unit (ICU), where a growing number of urgent and emergent procedures are being performed on medically unstable patients. ICU-NORA allows medical care to be provided to patients who are too sick to tolerate transport between the ICU and the OR. However, offering the same, high-quality, and safe care in this setting may be challenging. It requires special planning and a thorough consideration of the presence of life-threatening comorbidities and location-specific and ergonomic barriers. In this Pro-Con commentary article, we discuss these special considerations and argue in favor of and against routinely performing procedures at the bedside in the ICU versus in the OR.
Decomposition of Differentials in Health Expectancies From Multistate Life Tables: A Research Note
Authors: Shen Tianyu , Riffe Tim , Payne Collin F. , Canudas-Romo Vladimir
Published: November 2023

Multistate modeling is a commonly used method to compute healthy life expectancy. However, there is currently no analytical method to decompose the components of differentials in summary measures calculated from multistate models. In this research note, we propose a derivative-based method to decompose the differentials in population-based health expectancies estimated via a multistate model into two main components: the proportion resulting from differences in initial health structure and the proportion resulting from differences in health transitions. We illustrate the method using data on activities of daily living from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study to decompose the sex differential in disability-free life expectancy (HLE) among older Americans. Our results suggest that the sex gap in HLE results primarily from differences in transition rates between disability states rather than from the initial health distribution of female and male populations. The methods introduced here will enable researchers, including those working in fields other than health, to decompose the relative contribution of initial population structure and transition probabilities to differences in state-specific life expectancies from multistate models.
Hemimegalencephaly: A Systematic Comparison of Functional and Anatomic Hemispherectomy for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Goel Keshav , Ghadiyaram Ashwin , Krishnakumar Asha , Morden Frances T. C. , Higashihara Tate J. , Harris William B. , Shlobin Nathan A. , Wang Andrew , Karunungan Krystal , Dubey Anwesha , Phillips H. Westley , Weil Alexander G. , Fallah Aria
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a rare diffuse malformation of cortical development characterized by unihemispheric hypertrophy, drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), hemiparesis, and developmental delay. Definitive treatment for HME-related DRE is hemispheric surgery through either anatomic (AH) or functional hemispherectomy (FH). This individual patient data meta-analysis assessed seizure outcomes of AH and FH for HME with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, predictors of Engel I, and efficacy of different FH approaches.

METHODS:

PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched from inception to Jan 13th, 2023, for primary literature reporting seizure outcomes in >3 patients with HME receiving AH or FH. Demographics, neurophysiology findings, and Engel outcome at the last follow-up were extracted. Postsurgical seizure outcomes were compared through 2-tailed t-test and Fisher exact test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of Engel I outcome.

RESULTS:

Data from 145 patients were extracted from 26 studies, of which 89 underwent FH (22 vertical, 33 lateral), 47 underwent AH, and 9 received an unspecified hemispherectomy with a median last follow-up of 44.0 months (FH cohort) and 45.0 months (AH cohort). Cohorts were similar in preoperative characteristics and at the last follow-up; 77% (n = 66) of the FH cohort and 81% (n = 38) and of the AH cohort were Engel I. On multivariate analysis, only the presence of bilateral ictal electroencephalography abnormalities (hazard ratio = 11.5; P = .002) was significantly associated with faster time-to-seizure recurrence. A number-needed-to-treat analysis to prevent 1 additional case of posthemispherectomy hydrocephalus reveals that FH, compared with AH, was 3. There was no statistical significance for any differences in time-to-seizure recurrence between lateral and vertical FH approaches (hazard ratio = 2.59; P = .101).

CONCLUSION:

We show that hemispheric surgery is a highly effective treatment for HME-related DRE. Unilateral ictal electroencephalography changes and using the FH approach as initial surgical management may result in better outcomes due to significantly lower posthemispherectomy hydrocephalus probability. However, larger HME registries are needed to further delineate the predictors of seizure outcomes.
Utility of Decremental Triggered Electromyogram for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring to Identify Midline in Posterior Myelotomy for Spinal Cord Intramedullary Lesions: Technical Note of a Novel Method
Authors: Motiei-Langroudi Rouzbeh , Ekanem Uduak-Obong
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:

Intramedullary spinal cord lesions are eloquent lesions that are surgically resected via posterior midline myelotomy (PMM). This treatment method carries the risk of postoperative neurological deficits. Various intraoperative neuromonitoring techniques have been used to address this concern. Our study aimed to highlight a newly developed monitoring technique (decremental-triggered electromyogram [dtEMG]) as a novel method to identify the spinal cord midline during PMM.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

Seven patients in prone position underwent PMM for an intramedullary lesion using dtEMG for neuromonitoring. dtEMG was used to determine the threshold amplitude (ie, the lowest amplitude to elicit an EMG response) as well as a silent zone, which was determined to be the midline. The age range was 26–73 years. dtEMG detected a silent zone in 6/7 patients. The only patient in whom dtEMG was not useful was a patient with complete paraplegia and sensory loss before surgery. There were no motor evoked or somatosensory evoked potential changes related to PMM in these patients.

DISCUSSION:

Although the commonly used neuromonitoring techniques, including motor and sensory evoked potentials and free-run electromyograms are of utmost importance in spinal cord surgery, they lack the potential to identify midline in such cases. The currently available tools, including dorsal column mapping, are more cumbersome to use.

CONCLUSION:

The newly proposed dtEMG technique can safely and efficiently identify the midline when used as an intraoperative neuromonitoring technique in PMM for spinal cord intramedullary lesion resection.
The Evolution of Surgical Technique in Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bean Lindsay L. , Goon Madison , McClure Jesse J. , Aguiar Rodrigo S. T. , Kato Nicholas , DiMarzio Marisa , Pilitsis Julie G.
Published: November 2023

Since the advent of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), its operative technique has consistently advanced. We performed a scoping review of the literature regarding SCS operative techniques to highlight key advancements. To review, summarize, and highlight key changes in SCS implantation techniques since their inception. The authors performed a MEDLINE search inclusive of articles from 1967 to June 2023 including human and modeling studies written in English examining the role of trialing, intraoperative neuromonitoring, and surgical adaptations. Using the Rayyan platform, two reviewers performed a blinded title screen. Of the 960 articles, 197 were included in the title screen, 107 were included in the abstract review, and ultimately 69 articles met inclusion criteria. We examined the utility of trialing and found that historical controls showed significant efficacy, whereas recent results are more equivocal. We discuss the significant improvement in outcomes with intraoperative neuromonitoring for asleep SCS placement. We highlight technique improvements that led to significant reductions in infection, lead migration, and inadequate pain relief. Physicians implanting SCS systems for chronic pain management must continually refine their surgical techniques to keep up with this rapidly evolving therapy. In addition, through collaborative efforts of neuromodulators and industry, SCS is safer and more effective for patients suffering from chronic pain.
Anatomic Step-by-Step Dissection of Complex Skull Base Approaches for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Infratemporal Fossa Approach to the Jugular Foramen
Authors: Dornhoffer James R. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Peris-Celda Maria , Leonel Luciano C. , Carlson Matthew L.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The infratemporal fossa (ITF) is a complex region bounded by the temporal bone, maxilla, sphenoid, pterygoid plates, and mandibular ramus. Containing a high density of neurovascular and musculoskeletal structures, the ITF can house a number of pathologies, and access is challenging. The ITF approach and its variations can be challenging due to complex anatomy and unfamiliarity by many surgeons. The objective of this study was to present a step-by-step 3-dimensional anatomic dissection for the classic Fisch Type A and modified ITF approach from the surgeon's perspective.

METHODS:

Six sides of 3 formalin-fixed latex-injected specimens were dissected under microscopic magnification (JRD and AMN). Standard Fisch Type A and modified ITF approaches were performed on contralateral sides of each specimen. Representative high-quality 3-dimensional photography was performed for each key step.

RESULTS:

The ITF approach affords excellent access to the posterior ITF and jugular foramen. Modifications to this approach include preservation of the ear canal and limiting facial nerve transposition, thus limiting morbidity while generally still providing sufficient access to key anatomic structures.

CONCLUSION:

The ITF approach provides access to the lateral skull base for jugular foramen paraganglioma and other lesions. Modifications of the classic Fisch Type A technique can be used to access pathologies in this region without sacrificing conductive hearing or facial nerve function. Three dimensional operatively oriented neuroanatomy dissections provide surgeons with a valuable resource for learning this complex surgical approach.
Surgical Characteristics of Intracranial Biopsy Using a Frameless Stereotactic Robotic Platform: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Kreatsoulas Daniel C , Vignolles-Jeong Joshua , Ambreen Yamenah , Damante Mark , Akhter Asad , Lonser Russell R. , Elder J. Bradley
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Cranial robotics are a burgeoning field of neurosurgery. To date, all cranial robotic systems described have been computerized, arm-based instruments that take up significant space in the operating room. The Medtronic Stealth Autoguide robot has a smaller operating room footprint and offers multiaxial, frame-based surgical targeting. The authors set out to define the surgical characteristics of a novel robotic platform for brain biopsy in a large patient cohort.

METHODS:

Patients who underwent stereotactic biopsy using the Stealth Autoguide cranial robotic platform from July 2020 to March 2023 were included in this study. Clinical, surgical, and histological data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS:

Ninety-six consecutive patients (50 female, 46 male) were included. The mean age at biopsy was 53.7 ± 18.0 years. The mean target depth was 68.2 ± 15.3 mm. The biopsy diagnostic tissue acquisition rate was 100%. The mean time from incision to biopsy tissue acquisition was 15.4 ± 9.9 minutes. Target lesions were located throughout the brain: in the frontal lobe (n = 32, 33.3%), parietal lobe (n = 21, 21.9%), temporal lobe (n = 22, 22.9%), deep brain nuclei/thalamus (n = 13, 13.5%), cerebellum (n = 7, 7.3%), and brainstem (n = 1, 1.0%). Most cases were gliomas (n = 75, 78.2%). Patients were discharged home on postoperative day 0 or 1 in 62.5% of cases. A total of 7 patients developed postoperative complications (7.2%).

CONCLUSION:

This cranial robotic platform can be used for efficient, safe, and accurate cranial biopsies that allow for reliable diagnosis of intracranial pathology in a minimally invasive setting.
Νευροψυχολογική αποκατάσταση σε ασθενείς με σύνδρομο μετά τη μονάδα εντατικής θεραπείας (PICS)
Authors: Δεσπότη Ακυλλίνα-Άννα
Published: November 2023

Εισαγωγή: Έχει παρατηρηθεί ότι μετά τη νοσηλεία στη ΜΕΘ προκύπτουν ελλείματα στις σωματικές και νοητικές λειτουργίες και ψυχικές διαταραχές, οι οποίες δυσχεραίνουν τη διαδικασία ανάρρωσης και αποκατάστασης, που αποτελούν χαρακτηριστικά στοιχεία συνδρόμου γνωστού ως «Σύνδρομο μετά τη νοσηλεία σε Μονάδα Εντατικής Θεραπείας» (PICS). Η εικονική πραγματικότητα (ΕΠ) είναι μια τεχνολογία που εφαρμόζεται στην κλινική πράξη όλο και περισσότερο και θα μπορούσε να συμβάλλει στην αποκατάσταση των νοητικών λειτουργιών στο σύνδρομο PICS. Σκοπός: Σκοπός της κλινικής μελέτης ήταν να εξεταστεί εάν η νευροψυχολογική αποκατάσταση δύναται να ενδυναμώσει τα νοητικά ελλείματα που έχουν προκύψει από τη νοσηλεία στη ΜΕΘ καθώς και να εξεταστεί η αποτελεσματικότητα της εικονικής πραγματικότητας σε σχέση με την παραδοσιακή αποκατάσταση. Επίσης διερευνήθηκε η ασφάλεια και η καταλληλότητα της εφαρμογής ΕΠ. Μεθοδολογία: Πρόκειται για μια μη τυχαιοποιημένη ελεγχόμενη δοκιμή (non-randomized control trial). Οι συμμετέχοντες (Ν=30) κατανεμήθηκαν σε 2 ομάδες, την πειραματική και την ομάδα ελέγχου. Η πειραματική ομάδα πραγματοποίησε νοητική άσκηση με τη χρήση της ΕΠ, ενώ η ομάδα ελέγχου πραγματοποίησε νοητική άσκηση με παραδοσιακές μεθόδους. Πραγματοποιήθηκε νευροψυχολογική αξιολόγηση πριν και μετά την παρέμβαση. Η παρέμβαση διήρκησε συνολικά 12 συνεδρίες (3 φορές την εβδομάδα, μισή ώρα για 4 εβδομάδες). Αποτελέσματα: Οι ασθενείς, ανεξάρτητα από το είδος παρέμβασης που ακολουθούσαν, είχαν στατιστικώς σημαντικές βελτιώσεις στη γενική νοητική λειτουργία, την προσοχή, τις οπτικοχωρικές και επιτελικές λειτουργίες. Hπειραματική ομάδα είχε μεγαλύτερη βελτίωση στην οπτικοχωρική λειτουργία έναντι της ομάδας ελέγχου. Αντίστοιχα, η ομάδα ελέγχου είχε μεγαλύτερη βελτίωση στην ευχέρεια λόγου. Παράλληλα, αναδείχθηκαν συσχετίσεις μεταξύ των νοητικών λειτουργιών τόσο στις αρχικές μετρήσεις όσο και στις διαφορές τους. H ΕΠ αποτελεί ένα ασφαλές, κατάλληλο και ευχάριστο μέσο αποκατάστασης όπως αποτυπώνεται στη βαθμολογία SEQ. Συζήτηση: Απαιτείται περαιτέρω έρευνα για τη διαλεύκανση των συγκεκριμένων μηχανισμών και παραγόντων που συμβάλλουν στα νοητικά ελλείματα αλλά και τη διερεύνηση της δυναμικής αλληλεπίδρασης μεταξύ των λειτουργιών στο PICS. Απαιτείται περαιτέρω έρευνα σε μεγάλης κλίμακας διαχρονικές κλινικές δοκιμές σε διάφορες ομάδες ασθενών, προκειμένου να διερευνηθεί ο μακροπρόθεσμος αντίκτυπος στις νοητικές λειτουργίες σε παρεμβάσεις με τη χρήση ΕΠ.
Comparing motor recovery in ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Grima Lara , Davenport Sally , Parry-Jones Adrian R. , Vail Andy , Hammerbeck Ulrike
Published: November 2023

Background The pathophysiology and medical management between ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage differ as do their functional independence and mortality outcomes. However, whether their respective upper limb motor impairment and recovery differs is less clear. This information could inform discussions with patients about their recovery prognosis as well as identify appropriate rehabilitation settings. Methods A PROSPERO registered systematic search of three databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase) identified studies that measured upper limb motor function (Fugl-Meyer assessment scale for upper extremity) in participants with first stroke (ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage) within 31 days post-stroke and at least one follow-up assessment. Risk of bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Results The search identified 1108 studies of which three met inclusion criteria, with a total of 258 participants (200 ischaemic stroke, 58 intracerebral haemorrhage). All studies had low to moderate risk of bias. At baseline, participants with intracerebral haemorrhage had greater upper limb motor impairment on the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale, but at six months post-stroke, the stroke subtypes reached similar upper limb motor function. Improvements were greatest early after stroke. Conclusions Despite greater severity at baseline, intracerebral haemorrhage survivors appeared to reach the same level of arm function at six months post stroke. However, these findings need to be interpreted with caution due to limited studies and small number of participants included in this review and warrant further research. PROSPERO registration CRD42020159110 (19/02/2020).
An Efficient Cooperative Routing with ML based Energy Efficiency Model for Distributed Underwater WSN Electricity Meter Warning System
Authors: Shi Zhengang , Tao Peng  , Linhao Zhang  , Bo Gao  , Hongxi Wang
Published: November 2023

Underwater wireless sensor network that operates underwater, typically in oceans, lakes, and rivers. UWSNs are composed of a large number of small sensor nodes that are equipped with various sensing and communication capabilities. These nodes are deployed in the underwater environment to collect and transmit data, which can be used for a variety of applications such as environmental monitoring, oceanography, and marine biology. The Underwater WSN (UWSN) consists of sensor nodes to sense the data and transmit it to the sink node. These sensor nodes (SN) are equipped with limited batteries, which is the central issue. Therefore, the routing protocols were developed for researchers to save energy. However, the increment of network lifetime remains an open challenge. Forwarding the data to the nearest SN to the sink will reduce the network reliability and stability, draining SN's energy early. To overcome these issues, this paper focused on developing an efficient Cooperative based routing (CR) with a machine learning (ML) model to improve the network's lifetime. The cooperative routing discovers the route path from the sender to the destination. The best possible way from the sender to the receiver has been selected using the ML approach called the Self-organizing network (SON). By identifying congestion-free multi-hop transmission using CRSON, the data packet is transmitted from sender to receiver with reduced energy, increasing the network's lifetime and reliability. This model is simulated and experimented with energy efficiency, packet delivery, loss rate, latency, and throughput metrics.
Sentiment Analysis and Speaker Diarization in Hindi and Marathi Using using Finetuned Whisper
Authors: Papala Gowtham , Ransing Aniket , Jain Pooja
Published: November 2023

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is a crucial technology that enables machines to automatically recognize human voices based on audio signals. In recent years, there has been a rigorous growth in the development of ASR models with the emergence of new techniques and algorithms. One such model is the Whisper ASR model developed by OpenAI, which is based on a Transformer encoder-decoder architecture and can handle multiple tasks such as language identification, transcription, and translation. However, there are still limitations to the Whisper ASR model, such as speaker diarization, summarization, emotion detection, and performance with Indian regional languages like Hindi, Marathi and others. This research paper aims to enhance the performance of the Whisper ASR model by adding additional components or features such as speaker diarization, text summarization, emotion detection, text generation and question answering. Additionally, we aim to improve its performance in Indian regional languages by training the model on common voice 11 dataset from huggingface. The research findings have the potential to contribute to the development of more accurate and reliable ASR models, which could improve human-machine communication in various applications.
Blended Teaching System for College English with Multi-source Data Fusion in Edge Computing
Authors: Fu Ya
Published: November 2023

The modern education system involves the online education system with the traditional method of studies. This increases the education system's versatility and helps increase the quality of studies. The use of modern digital technology also helps the students to gather and accumulate information about their study topics. The use of edge computation helps the education system to access all the information in comparatively less time. This increases the performance of the students and teachers in analyzing the different things in the study. Multi-source data fusion is important for comparing synchronized data from different sources. This fusion system helps to allocate the data through the database and helps the students to use data from a distinctive database. This system has saved the time of students to search different contents. They are getting ready-made content from the database as per their requirements. This type of technology is essential to increase students' performance. These systems collectively develop the education system more easily and will enhance students' interest. The students could learn English using different related content and practice sheets. Digital education helps students to get appropriate sources of study materials for developing quality.
Exploring Data Acquisition and Real-Time Analysis Algorithms in Smart Manufacturing with a Focus on Automation and Inspection Technologies
Authors: Chen ZhenShan , Zheng HanJun , Lin JinYan
Published: November 2023

The conducted research project is based on the process followed in the smart manufacturing method. It has been observed that there are different types of methods that have been used in the smart manufacturing process and among these methods most of the methods are directly associated with different modern technology and artificial intelligence as well. Along with the inclusion of automation systems in the smart manufacturing process, the incorporation of inspection technologies is also observed in the case of performing smart manufacturing systems. In association with these, the usage of an acquisition system and real-time analysis process is also observed as well. Independent steps are present inside the phases of production process of the smart manufacturing methods. The incorporation of automation processes significantly enhances the performance of individual phases within the smart manufacturing process, thereby raising the overall production standards. Automation minimizes the likelihood of human errors, data misplacement, and mishandling. Moreover, it proves highly advantageous in the data acquisition process, ensuring error-free data transfer through automated systems.
Smart Parking System: Optimized Ensemble Deep Learning Model with Internet of Things for Smart Cities
Authors: Jakkaladiki Sudha Prathyusha , Poulová Petra , Pražák Pavel , Tesařová Barbora
Published: November 2023

In the recent era of smart city ecosystems and the Internet of Things (IoT), innovative, intelligent parking systems must make cities more sustainable. Every year, the increasing number of city vehicles requires more time to search for parking slots. In large cities, 10\% of the traffic congestion occurs because of cruising; drivers spend almost 20 minutes searching for free space to park their vehicles. The passing time of waiting for parking in the traffic leads the issues such as energy, pollution, and stress. There needs to be more than the developed solutions. Therefore, the necessary to create a parking slot availability detection system that informs the drivers in advance about the free parking slot based on location. This paper introduces an enhanced ensemble Deep Learning (DL) model designed to forecast parking slot availability through the integration of IoT, cloud technology, and sensor networks. The devised model, known as Ensemble CNN-Boosted Graph LSTM (ECNN-BGLSTM), is optimized using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) framework. The model's performance is rigorously evaluated using a dataset from Europe, and various metrics, including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), are employed for assessment. The experimental findings demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Evaluation of Regional Road Transport Safety Service Level With Edge Computing in Scalable Sensor and Actuator Networks
Authors: Dang Xiaoxu , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaodong , Wang Shihui
Published: November 2023

In contemporary society, road transport has assumed a pivotal role in the daily lives of individuals, with virtually everyone being a road user in one capacity or another. Unfortunately, a significant portion of road accidents stem from user negligence and a lack of awareness regarding road safety principles and regulations. The majority of these accidents are fundamentally a result of human errors, errors that could potentially be averted through the comprehensive utilization of technology. The integration of edge computing within actuator networks, combined with the scalability of sensors, holds the potential to proactively detect and prevent impending collisions. This cutting-edge approach not only accumulates and processes sensor-generated data but also employs it to mitigate the occurrence of road accidents. This discussion delves into the potential advantages offered by smart sensors and advanced technology, focusing on the enhancement of safety within transportation networks. The core attributes of these intelligent technologies facilitate the establishment of robust connectivity and the effective implementation of processes, ushering in an innovative era in the realm of road safety through smart technology.
A Study on Optimizing Error Detection and Correction Strategies in Physical Education and Sport Teaching using Data Mining Algorithms
Authors: Gao Ziyao , Hu Shengfei , Yu Guo , Li Yinhui
Published: November 2023

In the fiercely competitive realm of sports and physical education, the application of data mining algorithms has emerged as a vital solution. Machine learning has streamlined processes, offering a seamless means of elevating the quality of education and training provided to students, particularly in the context of sports. This technological support empowers the sports education system to make more informed decisions pertaining to the physical development of aspiring athletes. In this comprehensive study, a blended approach of qualitative methods has been leveraged to gather intricate insights, enriching the overall understanding of the subject. Additionally, an in-depth exploration of articles and journals has been undertaken to scrutinize the practical implementation of data algorithm techniques geared towards enhancing physical training. The resultant findings underscore a substantial and tangible nexus between data algorithms and the domain of sports education. Of paramount significance is the central role played by data mining algorithms in augmenting performance. Notably, the National Sports Board (NSB) has extensively harnessed this technology to meticulously monitor players' on-field performance, ultimately leading to a granular comprehension of each player's capabilities. This paper emphasizes the methods of optimizing mistake detection and its joining systems for increasing the punishment in the operational procedures.
Startup Acquisitions as a Hiring Strategy: Turnover Differences Between Acquired and Regular Hires
Authors: Kim J. Daniel
Published: November 2023

Prior studies suggest that acquisitions can increase employee turnover. However, acquired workers are technically new hires, who are generally prone to turnover. Therefore, it is important to benchmark acquired workers against other new hires in the organization. One view suggests that compared with regular hires who select their employer based on a mutual vetting process, acquired workers can experience a poor fit with their new employer (e.g., culture clash), resulting in elevated rates of turnover. Meanwhile, as acquisitions represent a bundle of assets, acquired workers can possess complementarities accumulated with the target firm that reinforce worker–employer fit and thus their retention prospects. Using population-level data from the United States, I find empirical support for both perspectives. Acquired workers from startups exhibit significantly higher turnover rates than regular hires. Moreover, in conditions under which acquired workers’ complementarities are more likely to be preserved—specifically, individuals with longer prior tenure, teams in which the founders remain intact, and target organizations that are structurally separated rather than integrated into the acquirer—I find reduced turnover differences for acquired workers relative to regular hires. Together, these results elucidate whether and when firms can harness human capital through startup acquisitions (“acqui-hiring”).

Funding: This research was funded in part by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0026 .
A STUDY OF POST-OP HEMIARTHROPLASTY DISLOCATIONS AT A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Raghu Aashish , Kapilan Monisha , Sahae Ishita , Tai Stephen
Published: November 2023

Background

1. 63,284 patients presented with neck of femur fractures in England in 2020 (NHFD report 2021)2. To maximise theatre efficiency during the first wave of COVID-19, NHSE guidance recommended the use of HA for most patients requiring arthroplasty.3. The literature reports an incidence of Hemiarthroplasty dislocations of 1–15%.

Aims

1. To study the number and possible causes of dislocations in patients with Primary hemiarthroplasty for fracture neck of femur2. To compare our data with national and international data in terms of dislocation and revision rates for Hemiarthroplasty.

Methods

Retrospective study Duration- 1st April 2021–31st March 20223. Inclusion criteria- Patients with neck of femur fracture treated with Hemiarthroplasty. Exclusion criteria- Patients treated with other surgical options for neck of femur fractures

Results

1. No. of neck of femur patients- 4442. No. of patients treated with Hemiarthroplasty- 2143. No. of dislocations- 44. 75% were female, 75% had AMTS>7, 50% were operated within 36 hours of trauma, 75% dislocated within a month of surgery, 75% of the dislocations were revised. 5. One dislocation was due to >72 hour delay to surgery, second dislocation was due to smaller offset and shortening, third was due to acetabular dysplasia, fourth was due to larger head used. Discussion-1. Our 1.86% dislocation rate matches that in the literature of 1–6%2. 75% dislocated within a month of surgery matches that in the literature that maximum dislocations occur within one month. 3. Closed reduction as definitive method of management of dislocation 25% matches that in the literature of 22–25%4. 75% dislocations revised similar to literature of 75–80% revision rate.

Conclusion

Pre-operative templating can reduce surgical error involving limb length discrepancy and shortening to prevent dislocations

Declaration of Interest

(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.
QUANTIFICATION OF ERROR IN THE MANUAL SEGMENTATION OF ANKLE CT SCANS
Authors: Youssef Abdallah , Pegg Elise , Gulati Aashish , Mangwani Jitendra , Brockett Claire , Mondal Subrata
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The fidelity of a 3D model created using image segmentation must be precisely quantified and evaluated for the model to be trusted for use in subsequent biomechanical studies such as finite element analysis. The bones within the ankle joint vary significantly in size and shape. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the accuracy and reliability of a segmented bone geometry is independent of the particular bone being measured.

Methods

Computed tomography (CT) scan data (slice thickness 1 mm, pixel size 808±7 µm) from three anonymous patients was used for the development of the ankle geometries (consisting of the tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones) using Simpleware Scan IP software (Synopsys, Exeter, UK). Each CT scan was segmented 4 times by an inexperienced undergraduate, resulting in a total of 12 geometry assemblies. An experienced researcher segmented each scan once, and this was used as the ‘gold standard’ to quantify the accuracy. The solid bone geometries were imported into CAD software (Inventor 2023, Autodesk, CA, USA) for measurement of the surface area and volume of each bone, and the distances between bones (tibia to talus, talus to navicular, talus to calcaneus, and tibia to fibula) were carried out. The intra-class coefficient (ICC) was used to assess intra-observer reliability. Bland Altman plots were employed as a statistical measure for criteria validity (accuracy) [1].

Results

The average ICC score was 0.93, which is regarded as a high reliability score for an inexperienced user. The talus to navicular and talus to tibia separations, which had the smallest distances, showed a slight decrease in reliability and this was observed for all separations shorter than 2 mm. According to the Bland-Altman plots, more than 95% of the data points were inside the borders of agreement, which is an excellent indication of accuracy. The bias percentage (average error percentage) varied between 1% and 4% and was constant across all parameters, with the proportion rising for short distance separations.

Conclusions

The current study demonstrates that an inexperienced undergraduate, with access to software manuals, can segment an ankle CT scan with excellent reliability. The present study also concluded that all five bones were segmented with high levels of accuracy, and this was not influenced by bone volume or type. The only factor found to influence the reliability was the magnitude of distance between bones, where if this was smaller than 2 mm it reduced the reliability, indicating the influence of CT scan resolution on the segmentation reliability.

Declaration of Interest

(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.