bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dictionary-enhanced imaging cytometry
Authors: Orth Antony , Schaak Diane , Schonbrun Ethan
Published: February 2017

State-of-the-art high-throughput microscopes are now capable of recording image data at a phenomenal rate, imaging entire microscope slides in minutes. In this paper we investigate how a large image set can be used to perform automated cell classification and denoising. To this end, we acquire an image library consisting of over one quarter-million white blood cell (WBC) nuclei together with CD15/CD16 protein expression for each cell. We show that the WBC nucleus images alone can be used to replicate CD expression-based gating, even in the presence of significant imaging noise. We also demonstrate that accurate estimates of white blood cell images can be recovered from extremely noisy images by comparing with a reference dictionary. This has implications for dose-limited imaging when samples belong to a highly restricted class such as a well-studied cell type. Furthermore, large image libraries may endow microscopes with capabilities beyond their hardware specifications in terms of sensitivity and resolution. We call for researchers to crowd source large image libraries of common cell lines to explore this possibility.
Resolution of TLR2-induced inflammation through manipulation of metabolic pathways in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: McGarry Trudy , Biniecka Monika , Gao Wei , Cluxton Deborah , Canavan Mary , Wade Siobhan , Wade Sarah , Gallagher Lorna , Orr Carl , Veale Douglas J. , Fearon Ursula
Published: February 2017

During inflammation, immune cells activated by toll-like receptors (TLRs) have the ability to undergo a bioenergetic switch towards glycolysis in a manner similar to that observed in tumour cells. While TLRs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), their role in regulating cellular metabolism in synovial cells, however, is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of TLR2-activation on mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in primary RA-synovial fibroblast cells (RASFC), and further determined the role of glycolytic blockade on TLR2-induced inflammation in RASFC using glycolytic inhibitor 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO). We observed an increase in mitochondrial mutations, ROS and lipid peroxidation, paralleled by a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential in TLR2-stimulated RASFC. This was mirrored by differential regulation of key mitochondrial genes, coupled with alteration in mitochondrial morphology. TLR2-activation also regulated changes in the bioenergetic profile of RASFC, inducing PKM2 nuclear translocation, decreased mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis and increased glycolysis:respiration ratio, suggesting a metabolic switch. Finally, using 3PO, we demonstrated that glycolytic blockade reversed TLR2-induced pro-inflammatory mechanisms including invasion, migration, cytokine/chemokine secretion and signalling pathways. These findings support the concept of complex interplay between innate immunity, oxidative damage and oxygen metabolism in RA pathogenesis.
High mutation rates explain low population genetic divergence at copy-number-variable loci in Homo sapiens
Authors: Hu Xin-Sheng , Yeh Francis C. , Hu Yang , Deng Li-Ting , Ennos Richard A. , Chen Xiaoyang
Published: February 2017

Copy-number-variable (CNV) loci differ from single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) sites in size, mutation rate, and mechanisms of maintenance in natural populations. It is therefore hypothesized that population genetic divergence at CNV loci will differ from that found at SNP sites. Here, we test this hypothesis by analysing 856 CNV loci from the genomes of 1184 healthy individuals from 11 HapMap populations with a wide range of ancestry. The results show that population genetic divergence at the CNV loci is generally more than three times lower than at genome-wide SNP sites. Populations generally exhibit very small genetic divergence (Gst = 0.05 ± 0.049). The smallest divergence is among African populations (Gst = 0.0081 ± 0.0025), with increased divergence among non-African populations (Gst = 0.0217 ± 0.0109) and then among African and non-African populations (Gst = 0.0324 ± 0.0064). Genetic diversity is high in African populations (~0.13), low in Asian populations (~0.11), and intermediate in the remaining 11 populations. Few significant linkage disequilibria (LDs) occur between the genome-wide CNV loci. Patterns of gametic and zygotic LDs indicate the absence of epistasis among CNV loci. Mutation rate is about twice as large as the migration rate in the non-African populations, suggesting that the high mutation rates play dominant roles in producing the low population genetic divergence at CNV loci.
Soya-cerebroside, an extract of Cordyceps militaris, suppresses monocyte migration and prevents cartilage degradation in inflammatory animal models
Authors: Liu Shan-Chi , Chiu Ching-Peng , Tsai Chun-Hao , Hung Chun-Yin , Li Te-Mao , Wu Yang-Chang , Tang Chih-Hsin
Published: February 2017

Pathophysiological events that modulate the progression of structural changes in osteoarthritis (OA) include the secretion of inflammatory molecules, such as proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) is the prototypical inflammatory cytokine that activates OA synovial cells to release cytokines and chemokines in support of the inflammatory response. The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is one of the key chemokines that regulate migration and infiltration of monocytes in response to inflammation. We show in this study that IL-1β-induced MCP-1 expression and monocyte migration in OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) is effectively inhibited by soya-cerebroside, an extract ofCordyceps militaris. We found that soya-cerebroside up-regulated of microRNA (miR)-432 expression via inhibiting AMPK and AKT signaling pathways in OASFs. Soya-cerebroside also effectively decreased monocyte infiltration and prevented cartilage degradation in a rat inflammatory model. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that soya-cerebroside inhibits monocyte/macrophage infiltration into synoviocytes, attenuating synovial inflammation and preventing cartilage damage by reducing MCP-1 expressionin vitroandin vivo. Taken together, we suggest a novel therapeutic strategy based on the use of soya-cerebroside for the management of OA.
Speech-specific categorical perception deficit in autism: An Event-Related Potential study of lexical tone processing in Mandarin-speaking children
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue , Wang Suiping , Fan Yuebo , Huang Dan , Zhang Yang
Published: February 2017

Recent studies reveal that tonal language speakers with autism have enhanced neural sensitivity to pitch changes in nonspeech stimuli but not to lexical tone contrasts in their native language. The present ERP study investigated whether the distinct pitch processing pattern for speech and nonspeech stimuli in autism was due to a speech-specific deficit in categorical perception of lexical tones. A passive oddball paradigm was adopted to examine two groups (16 in the autism group and 15 in the control group) of Chinese children’s Mismatch Responses (MMRs) to equivalent pitch deviations representing within-category and between-category differences in speech and nonspeech contexts. To further examine group-level differences in the MMRs to categorical perception of speech/nonspeech stimuli or lack thereof, neural oscillatory activities at the single trial level were further calculated with the inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) measure for the theta and beta frequency bands. The MMR and ITPC data from the children with autism showed evidence for lack of categorical perception in the lexical tone condition. In view of the important role of lexical tones in acquiring a tonal language, the results point to the necessity of early intervention for the individuals with autism who show such a speech-specific categorical perception deficit.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MR imaging in assessing and characterizing solitary pulmonary lesions
Authors: Wan Qi , Deng Ying-Shi , Zhou Jia-Xuan , Yu Yu-Dong , Bao Ying-Ying , Lei Qiang , Chen Hou-Jin , Peng Ya-Hui , Mei Ying-Jie , Zeng Qing-Si , Li Xin-Chun
Published: February 2017

This study aimed to investigate the potential of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted MR imaging in assessing solitary pulmonary lesions (SPLs). Sixty-two patients with pathologically confirmed SPLs, including 51 and 11 cases of malignant and benign lesions, respectively, were assessed. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with 13 b values was used to derive apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM parameters, including true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f). Our results showed that, there was an excellent inter-observer agreement on the measurements of D and ADC between observers (inter-class correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.902 and 0.884, respectively). Meanwhile, f and D* showed good and substantial reproducibility (ICC = 0.787 and 0.623, respectively). D and ADC of malignant lesions were significantly lower than those of benign lesions (both P ≤ 0.001), while similar values were obtained in both groups for D* and f (both P > 0.05). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, D showed the highest area under curve (AUC) for distinguishing malignant from benign lesions, followed by ADC. Accompanying signs of SPLs have specific features on IVIM maps. In conclusion, IVIM provides functional information in characterizing SPLs which is helpful to differential diagnosis. D and ADC have a significantly higher diagnostic value than f and D*.
The general PTS component HPr determines the preference for glucose over mannitol
Authors: Choe Mangyu , Park Young-Ha , Lee Chang-Ro , Kim Yeon-Ran , Seok Yeong-Jae
Published: February 2017

Preferential sugar utilization is a widespread phenomenon in biological systems. Glucose is usually the most preferred carbon source in various organisms, especially in bacteria where it is taken up via the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). The currently proposed model for glucose preference over non-PTS sugars in enteric bacteria including E. coli is strictly dependent on the phosphorylation state of the glucose-specific PTS component, enzyme IIAGlc (EIIAGlc). However, the mechanism of the preference among PTS sugars is largely unknown in Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we show that glucose preference over another PTS sugar, mannitol, is absolutely dependent on the general PTS component HPr, but not on EIIAGlc, in E. coli. Dephosphorylated HPr accumulates during the transport of glucose and interacts with the mannitol operon regulator, MtlR, to augment its repressor activity. This interaction blocks the inductive effect of mannitol on the mannitol operon expression and results in the inhibition of mannitol utilization.
Macrophage infiltration of electrospun polyester fibers
Authors: Liu Shen , Chen Hua , Wu Tianyi , Pan Guoqing , Fan Cunyi , Xu Yaozeng , Cui Wenguo
Published: February 2017

Ibuprofen (IBU)-loaded fibrous PLA membranes can prevent peritendinous adhesion/granuloma formation and inflammation by reducing macrophage infiltration.
Investigating interfacial electron transfer in dye-sensitized NiO using vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Black Fiona A. , Clark Charlotte A. , Summers Gareth H. , Clark Ian P. , Towrie Michael , Penfold Thomas , George Michael W. , Gibson Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2017

Understanding what influences the formation and lifetime of charge-separated states is key to developing photoelectrochemical devices.
Self-assembly of dinuclear Pd(ii)/Pt(ii) metallacyclic receptors incorporating N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as corners
Authors: Marcos Ismael , Domarco Olaya , Peinador Carlos , Fenández Alberto , Fernández Jesús J. , Vázquez-García Digna , García Marcos D.
Published: February 2017

A series of new Pd(ii)/Pt(ii) metallacycles were self-assembled in water, using bipyridinium-based ligands and kinetically-labile metal centers having chelating N-heterocyclic carbenes.
Dietary flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, inhibit invasion of cervical cancer by reduction of UBE2S through epithelial–mesenchymal transition signaling
Authors: Lin Tsung-Han , Hsu Wen-Hsien , Tsai Pei-Hsun , Huang Ying-Tang , Lin Cheng-Wei , Chen Ku-Chung , Tsai Inn-Ho , Kandaswami Chithan C. , Huang Chang-Jen , Chang Geen-Dong , Lee Ming-Ting , Cheng Chia-Hsiung
Published: February 2017

High UBE2S in malignant cancers contributes to cell motility through EMT signaling and is reversed by luteolin and quercetin.
Copper(i) and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide-mediated direct regioselective halogenation of 8-amidoquinolines on the C5 position
Authors: He Xin , Xu Yi-zhu , Kong Ling-xuan , Wu Huan-huan , Ji De-zhong , Wang Zhi-bin , Xu Yun-gen , Zhu Qi-hua
Published: February 2017

Direct regioselective halogenation of 8-amidoquinolines on the C5 position in the presence of NFSI and CuX under mild conditions.
Transition-metal-free direct perfluoroalkylation of quinoline amides at C5 position through radical cross-coupling under mild conditions
Authors: Xu Jun , Qiao Li , Ying Beibei , Zhu Xiaolei , Shen Chao , Zhang Pengfei
Published: February 2017

A simple low-energy and efficient method is established for the synthesis of C5-selective perfluoroalkylation quinolines in the absence of any transition metal catalysts.
Pd-catalyzed selective N(3)-ortho C–H arylation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Zhao Fen , Liu Yaowen , Yang Shu , Xie Kai , Jiang Yubo
Published: February 2017

Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of an arene triazole template has been explored using the triazole ring as a directing group.
Rapid detection of blaNDM-1 in multidrug-resistant organisms using a novel electrochemical biosensor
Authors: Zhang Liqun , Wang Jingjing , Liu Fei , Xiong Yu , Liu Zhiyong , Jiang Dongneng , Li Yi , Tu Dianji , Wang Yunxia , Pu Xiaoyun
Published: February 2017

The traditional detection methods of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are costly and comprise multiple steps. In this study, we successfully established a fast electrochemical method for blaNDM-1 in MDROs based on the LNA probes.
Two impurity energy level regulation leads to enhanced thermoelectric performance of Ag1−xCdxIn5Se8
Authors: Shen Xingchen , Shaheen Nusrat , Zhang Aijuan , Yang Dingfeng , Yao Wei , Wang Guoyu , Lu Xu , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: February 2017

AgIn5Se8 is a promising thermoelectric material due to its low thermal conductivity. By incorporating Cd2+ ions at Ag+ lattice sites; the electron concentration is increased, resulting in greatly enhanced electrical conductivity, and a high thermoelectric power factor.
Epitaxial hetero-structure of CdSe/TiO2 nanotube arrays with PEDOT as a hole transfer layer for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution
Authors: Chong Baohe , Zhu Wen , Hou Xianghui
Published: February 2017

The photocatalytic decomposition of water is believed to be able to help mitigate the crisis of fossil fuel depletion.
A high-performance composite ORR catalyst based on the synergy between binary transition metal nitride and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Dong Yuanyuan , Deng Yijie , Zeng Jianhuang , Song Huiyu , Liao Shijun
Published: February 2017

The synergy between binary transition metal nitride and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide makes TiCoNx/N-rGO an outstanding ORR catalyst.
The “electron crystal” behavior in copper chalcogenides Cu2X (X = Se, S)
Authors: Sun Yongxing , Xi Lili , Yang Jiong , Wu Lihua , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong , Snyder Jeffrey , Yang Jihui , Zhang Wenqing
Published: February 2017

In Cu2Se, the structural fluctuation of the Cu sites have minor effects on the electronic structures around valence band maximum. The electrical transport properties of Cu2Se are mainly determined by the Se sublattice; Cu atoms serve as the carrier reservoirs.
Interconnected ionic domains enhance conductivity in microphase separated block copolymer electrolytes
Authors: Arges Christopher G. , Kambe Yu , Dolejsi Moshe , Wu Guang-Peng , Segal-Pertz Tamar , Ren Jiaxing , Cao Chi , Craig Gordon S. W. , Nealey Paul F.
Published: February 2017

Thin film studies of block copolymer electrolytes (BCEs) reveal a strong dependency between the extent of ionic domain connectivity and terminal defect density on ionic conductivity.
Clustering of hydroxyapatite on a super-twisted collagen microfibril under mechanical tension
Authors: Zhou Zhong , Qian Dong , Minary-Jolandan Majid
Published: February 2017

Atomistic simulation of biomineralization of a super-twisted collagen microfibril reveals that mechanical stimulation facilitates clustering and growth of hydroxyapatite onto collagen.
Improving microplastics source apportionment: a role for microplastic morphology and taxonomy?
Authors: Helm Paul A.
Published: February 2017

Paul Helm discusses the need for a more detailed level of classification to aid in identifying source contributions of microplastics, providing direction on the implementation of management activities to reduce the occurrence of microplastics in the environment and enabling monitoring of the effectiveness of those actions.
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) exhibits specific antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria without detectable resistance
Authors: Ji Fang , Wang Chang , Wang Huimin , Liu Guangliang , Chen Bolei , Hu Ligang , Jiang Guibin , Song Maoyong , Liang Yong
Published: February 2017

We report here the antimicrobial ability of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) against Gram-positive bacteria without detectable resistance.
Advances in threshold photoelectron spectroscopy (TPES) and threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence (TPEPICO)
Authors: Baer Tomas , Tuckett Richard P.
Published: February 2017

The history and evolution of molecular threshold photoelectron spectroscopy and threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (TPEPICO) over the last fifty years are reviewed.
Experimental investigation of the reaction of helium ions with dimethyl ether: stereodynamics of the dissociative charge exchange process
Authors: Cernuto Andrea , Tosi Paolo , Martini Luca Matteo , Pirani Fernando , Ascenzi Daniela
Published: February 2017

Long range anisotropic interactions and molecular orbital symmetry rule the dynamics of an astrochemically relevant dissociative charge-exchange process.
Iridium–NSiN catalyzed formation of silylphosphinecarboxylates from the reaction of CO2 with P(SiMe3)R2 (R = Ph, Cy)
Authors: Julián Alejandro , Polo Víctor , Fernández-Alvarez Francisco J. , Oro Luis A.
Published: February 2017

Iridium-catalyzed insertion of CO2 into the P-SiMe3 bond of P(SiMe3)R2 (R = Ph, Cy) to give P(C(O)OSiMe3)R2 species.
Cinnamic acid derivative rare-earth dinuclear complexes and one-dimensional architectures: synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties
Authors: Khalfaoui Ouafa , Beghidja Adel , Long Jérôme , Boussadia Ahlem , Beghidja Chahrazed , Guari Yannick , Larionova Joulia
Published: February 2017

Discrete and extended architectures based on two derivatives of cinnamic acid show slow relaxation of the magnetisation.
Vacancy and anti-site disorder scattering in AgBiSe2thermoelectrics
Authors: Böcher Felix , Culver Sean P. , Peilstöcker Jan , Weldert Kai S. , Zeier Wolfgang G.
Published: February 2017

Ag vacancies in AgBiSe2influence Ag–Bi anti-site disorder and provide point defect scattering, reducing the lattice thermal conductivity.
Environmental life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Ahmed Abdelsalam , Hassan Islam , Ibn-Mohammed Taofeeq , Mostafa Hassan , Reaney Ian M. , Koh Lenny S. C. , Zu Jean , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: February 2017

Life cycle assessment within a techno-economic framework is carried out for triboelectric nanogenerators in the context of other technologies.
Activation of Nrf2-driven antioxidant enzymes by cardamonin confers neuroprotection of PC12 cells against oxidative damage
Authors: Peng Shoujiao , Hou Yanan , Yao Juan , Fang Jianguo
Published: February 2017

Oxidative stress represents a disorder of the redox equilibrium between the production of free radicals and the capability of cells to eliminate them.
Coloring attributes of betalains: a key emphasis on stability and future applications
Authors: Martins Natália , Roriz Custódio Lobo , Morales Patricia , Barros Lillian , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R.
Published: February 2017

Organoleptic characteristics largely determine food acceptance, selection, and subsequent consumption.
Metal organic frameworks as precursors for the manufacture of advanced catalytic materials
Authors: Oar-Arteta Lide , Wezendonk Tim , Sun Xiaohui , Kapteijn Freek , Gascon Jorge
Published: February 2017

Metal organic frameworks are thoroughly reviewed as exemplary precursors for the manufacture of highly catalytically active materials.
A facile approach to ketones via Pd-catalyzed sequential carbonylation of olefins with formic acid
Authors: Chang Wenju , Dai Jie , Li Jingfu , Shi Yuan , Ren Wenlong , Shi Yian
Published: February 2017

An effective palladium-catalyzed sequential carbonylation of olefins with formic acid is described.
Correction: Highly stable organic–inorganic junction composed of hydrogenated titania nanotubes infiltrated by a conducting polymer
Authors: Siuzdak Katarzyna , Szkoda Mariusz , Lisowska-Oleksiak Anna , Karczewski Jakub , Ryl Jacek
Published: February 2017

Correction for ‘Highly stable organic–inorganic junction composed of hydrogenated titania nanotubes infiltrated by a conducting polymer’ by Katarzyna Siuzdak et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 33101–33110.
Shedding light on the light-driven lithium ion de-insertion reaction: towards the design of a photo-rechargeable battery
Authors: Nguyen O. , Courtin E. , Sauvage F. , Krins N. , Sanchez C. , Laberty-Robert C.
Published: February 2017

This work constitutes one of the first steps towards the concept of photo-rechargeable Li-ion batteries.
Kelp-derived hard carbons as advanced anode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Pengzi , Zhu Xiaoshu , Wang Qiaoqiao , Xu Xin , Zhou Xiaosi , Bao Jianchun
Published: February 2017

This study reports a novel hard carbon material derived from kelp and the effect of carbonization temperature on its electrochemical properties.
A multi-stimuli responsive conductive sonometallogel: a mechanistic insight into the role of ultrasound in gelation
Authors: Pandey Vinay Kumar , Dixit Manish Kumar , Manneville Sébastien , Bucher Christophe , Dubey Mrigendra
Published: February 2017

We report here the synthesis of an ultrasound induced multi-responsive, fluorescent, conductive metallogel based on a non-fluorescent citric acid derived ligand (1), LiOH and Cd(OAc)2 in DMF.
In situ one-step synthesis of p-type copper oxide for low-temperature, solution-processed thin-film transistors
Authors: Liu Ao , Nie Shengbin , Liu Guoxia , Zhu Huihui , Zhu Chundan , Shin Byoungchul , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Shan Fukai
Published: February 2017

Solution-processed p-type Cu2O thin films were fabricatedvia in-situreaction of CuI film in NaOH solution and their applications in thin-film transistors were successfully demonstrated.
High‐selectivity dual‐mode dual‐band microstrip bandpass filter with multi‐transmission zeros
Authors: Ieu Wangshuxing , Zhang Dewei , Zhou Dongfang
Published: February 2017

A dual‐mode dual‐band microstrip bandpass filter using the hybrid structure resonator derived from microstrip patch is proposed. Microstrip rectangular rings are used to excite the TE200 mode and TE002 mode of microstrip patch resonator, forming the high‐frequency passband while it also works as a resonator which provides the low‐frequency passband. The designed filter has 11 transmission zeros, resulting in good selectivity and good out‐band rejection, extending the stopband, with a size of 0.45λg × 0.41λg. The measured results are in a good agreement with simulated results.
Design of very‐low‐profile circular UHF small antenna using characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Gao Yue , Ma Runbo , Zhang Qianyun , Parini Clive
Published: February 2017

This study presents a very‐low‐profile circular ultra‐high frequency (UHF) small antenna with a radiating body transformed from a monopole. The proposed radiating body is gradually improved by analysing fundamental modes of the structure with different ground planes via characteristic mode analysis (CMA). CMAs demonstrate operating principles of the radiating body so that a magnetic feeding loop is proposed to excite the radiating body. An equivalent circuit of the radiating body and magnetic feeding loop is then established. The relationships between antenna bandwidth, and eigen value and modal significance are derived through physical insight of the CMA. A prototype of the proposed circular antenna operating at 474 MHz is fabricated and measured. It has a radius of 5.2%λc (λc is the operating wavelength), and a profile of 5.2%λc The CMA of the proposed antenna with testing cable at different lengths is applied to understand the discrepancy between simulations and measurements. The analysis and performance evaluation shows that the proposed antenna can be a strong contender for compact sensors for machine‐to‐machine and internet of things applications.
Non‐uniform mesh for embroidered microstrip antennas
Authors: Zhang Shiyu , Whittow William , Seager Rob , Chauraya Alford , Vardaxoglou J(Yiannis) C.
Published: February 2017

This study presents a non‐uniform meshed embroidered structure for wearable microstrip patch antennas. The non‐uniform meshed patch antenna (NMPA) has significantly less conductor coverage than a conventional patch antenna without significantly compromise the antenna performance. For wearable applications, less conductor coverage reduces the usage of the specialised conductive materials which are currently expensive. The embroidered NMPA reduced manufacturing cost and improves the flexibility. In this study, the surface current distribution and the effect of the meshing size of NMPAs have been simulated and analysed. Fully textile embroidered NMPA on felt substrate has been fabricated and measured. Representative results showed the NMPA had a 60% total antenna efficiency with 20% conductor area coverage.
Enhancing cross‐polarisation discrimination or axial ratio beamwidth of diagonally dual or circularly polarised base station antennas by using vertical parasitic elements
Authors: Luo Yu , Chu Qing‐Xin , Bornemann Jens
Published: February 2017

The cross‐polarisation discrimination (XPD) of a ± 45° dual‐polarised base station antenna is enhanced by adding vertical parasitic elements. First, it is established that high XPD can be achieved by employing four vertical parasitic elements between a simple ± 45° dual‐polarised radiator and ground. Second, based on the proposed method, a simple ± 45° dual‐polarised antenna for a long‐term evolution 1.71–2.17GHz base station is designed, fabricated and measured. Compared with the antenna without vertical elements, XPDs are improved by about 7dB in the horizontal plane due to the addition of the vertical parasitic elements. Third, with a wideband quadrature hybrid, the proposed antenna is shown to radiate circularly polarised waves. In particular, the 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth of the proposed antenna is increased from 84° to 195° with the addition of the four vertical parasitic elements.
An Improved Environmentally Friendly Approach to 4-Nitro-, 4-Sulfonyl-, and 4-Aminoquinolines and 4-Quinolones through Conjugate Addition of Nucleophiles to β-(2-Aminophenyl)-α,β-ynones
Authors: Rode Navnath , Arcadi Antonio , Chiarini Marco , Marinelli Fabio
Published: February 2017

Sequential addition/annulation reactions of sulfinate and nitrite anions to β-(2-aminophenyl)-α,β-ynones led to valuable 4-sulfonylquinolines and 4-nitroquinolines. The latter proved to be versatile precursors of N-unsubstituted 4-aminoquinolines and 4-quinolones. Reaction of β-(2-aminophenyl)-α,β-ynones with DMF/NaOH resulted in the formation of 4-(dimethylamino)quinolines. The use of an alternative CO-free procedure for the preparation of substrates β-(2-aminophenyl)-α,β-ynones allowed extension of the methodology to the synthesis of 4-substituted 2-alkylquinolines.
Copper-Free Double Silylation of 1,2-Dibromobenzenes Using a Mg/LiCl/DMI System
Authors: Kitamura Tsugio , Yamada Rin , Gondo Keisuke , Eguchi Nobuo , Oyamada Juzo
Published: February 2017

The reaction of 1,2-dibromobenzenes with chlorotrimethylsilane efficiently proceeded in the presence of Mg and LiCl in DMI under mild conditions, giving 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzenes in good to high yields. The reaction of 1,2-dibromobenzenes with chlorodimethylsilane under the same conditions afforded the corresponding 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)benzenes in high yields. Functional group transformations of 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene were conducted to demonstrate the synthetic utility.
Trends in Nasal Subunit Reconstruction by Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons
Authors: Larrabee Yuna , Phillips David , Sclafani Anthony
Published: February 2017

To determine if facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons still adhere to the classic nasal subunit principle as described by Burget and Menick. Observational survey. A Weill Cornell Medicine institutional review board approved electronic survey that was sent via e-mail to active members of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS). The survey consisted of 32 multiple-choice questions pertaining to the operative management of small (22–30%), medium (50–58%), and large (75–81%) defects of each subunit of the nose, as well as demographic, provider, and practice characteristics. There were 111 responses to the survey (10.1% response rate). Ninety-eight percent of respondents reported familiarity with the subunit principle, and 59.6% considered the subunit principle in greater than 90% of cases. Almost three-quarters (70.4%) of respondents felt the subunit principle should be applied but could be modified based on the particular nasal defect, whereas 28.7% felt it was only sometimes helpful and was not mandatory for successful nasal reconstruction. Large defects of the tip and ala are generally treated by excision of the remaining subunit (79.4 and 80.6%, respectively). Fewer surgeons would excise the remaining subunit for large defects of the dorsum (39.8%), sidewall (38.8%), and soft tissue facet (18.4%). Simple repair without additional excision was the treatment of choice for small defects of the tip (58.2%), ala (59.2%), sidewall (65%), dorsum (68%), and soft tissue facet (71.8%). However, in many small- (up to 32%) and medium- (up to 51%) sized defects of the tip, ala, sidewall, and dorsum, respondents reported partial subunit excision. The majority of AAFPRS members abide to the classical subunit principle by completely excising the remaining subunit for large defects of the tip and ala. Many surgeons modify the subunit principle in small and medium defects.
Applying a Visual Assessment Tool to Facial Linear Scars
Authors: Knackstedt Thomas , Ganger Pamela , Scherer Emily , Samie Faramarz , Collins Lindsey
Published: February 2017

Previous scar scales have focused on verbal descriptions. A nonverbal visual assessment tool would provide a simple way for patients and physicians to quantify scar appearance. The authors sought to use a validated visual assessment tool for linear surgical scars to assess linear scars on the face and to determine whether patients and surgeons rate scars similarly. A total of 143 patients with linear facial scars resulting from repair of Mohs micrographic surgery defects used the visual assessment tool to rate their surgical scar. Six physicians used the tool to rate a subset of the patients' scar photographs. The scar ratings for patients and physicians were compared. Among the scars rated by both the patients and physicians (n = 79), patients had a significantly lower mean (i.e., more favorable) rating compared with the physicians. This was a single-center study including only Caucasian patients. The visual assessment tool to rate linear surgical scars provided a simple method for both patients and physicians to assess the overall appearance of postsurgical scars. Difference in the scar ranking between patients and physicians indicate the importance of incorporating both patient and physician point of view when assessing scars.
Osseous and Cartilaginous Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Hahn Samuel
Published: February 2017

The nose is a complex, three-dimensional structure that is supported by a framework of osseous and cartilaginous structures. Disruption of this framework can result in nasal deformity and functional deficits. Nasal reconstruction requires restoration of the osseous and cartilaginous framework. This requires careful preoperative assessment of the nasal defect and understanding the nasal and facial aesthetics that are supported by the osseous and cartilaginous support structures. Structural grafts can be classified as restorative, supportive, or contouring. Surgeons must understand the requirements for each type of grafting and which materials to use to provide the necessary structural reconstruction. Autogenous, homologous, and allogenic materials can be used for reconstruction of the structural deficits. Autogenous grafts from the septum, ear, rib, and calvarium are preferred for structural reconstruction, but surgeons should be well versed with alternative structural grafting materials. Smaller defects can be corrected through cartilaginous grafts, while larger defects require more rigid bony support to withstand the contractive forces of wound healing. Titanium mesh can serve as a viable alternative for rigid structural reconstruction. The ultimate goal of nasal reconstruction is to restore nasal form and function, and successful reconstruction starts with establishing a stable, functional, and anatomically sound osseocartilaginous framework.
Nasal Anatomy and Function
Authors: Patel Ruchin
Published: February 2017

The nose is a complex structure important in facial aesthetics and in respiratory physiology. Nasal defects can pose a challenge to reconstructive surgeons who must re-create nasal symmetry while maintaining nasal function. A basic understanding of the underlying nasal anatomy is thus necessary for successful nasal reconstruction.
Microvascular Flaps in Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Boahene Kofi , Byrne Patrick , Desai Shaun , Kim Irene
Published: February 2017

Nasal reconstruction for subtotal and total rhinectomy defects is a challenging endeavor, which requires technical finesse, a keen artistic eye, and the ability to anticipate long-term changes that accompany postoperative healing. While local and regional flaps have traditionally been utilized to reconstitute missing nasal elements, certain situations may not provide sufficient or acceptable tissue for optimal reconstruction. In these situations, the three major components of the nose—lining, structural support, and external skin—may require reconstruction with tissues harvested from distant sites through microvascular free tissue transfer. Our objective in this article is to discuss the general approach to nasal reconstruction and present the considerations for free tissue transfer with regard to each nasal component. The virtues of free flap transfer as well as its shortcomings and potential complications are discussed.
Climate network stability measures of El Niño variability
Authors: Feng Qing Yi , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: February 2017

One of the crucial aspects that is currently limiting the success of El Niño predictions is the stability of the slowly varying Pacific climate state. This property determines whether or not sea surface temperature perturbations will be amplified by coupled ocean-atmosphere feedbacks. The so-called Bjerknes stability index has been developed for this purpose, but its evaluation is severely constrained by data availability. Here, we present new network based measures of the stability of the Pacific climate state. These measures can be evaluated by using only sea surface temperature data and efficiently indicate whether positive feedbacks of perturbations to the climate state will occur.
Angular-dependent photodetection enhancement by a metallic circular disk optical antenna
Authors: Kemsri Thitikorn , Gu Guiru , Zhang Yingjie , Lan Xing , Zhang Hualiang , Tice Jesse , Lu Xuejun
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we analyze the plasmonic resonance excited by linearly polarized longwave infrared (LWIR) plane waves in a metallic circular disk optical antenna (MCDA). The surface current distributions are simulated at different wavelengths, incident angles, and polarizations. The excited surface plasmonic resonance waves (SPRs) are different from the Bessel-type of SPR modes and closely resemble those in a monopole antenna. An MCDA coupled LWIR quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) was fabricated and measured at different LWIR plane wave wavelengths and incident angles. A linear correlation between the enhancement ratio and the integrated square of the current is obtained, indicating the monopole antenna effect is a dominating factor for the plasmonic enhancement.
Percolation framework to describe El Niño conditions
Authors: Meng Jun , Fan Jingfang , Ashkenazy Yosef , Havlin Shlomo
Published: February 2017

Complex networks have been used intensively to investigate the flow and dynamics of many natural systems including the climate system. Here, we develop a percolation based measure, the order parameter, to study and quantify climate networks. We find that abrupt transitions of the order parameter usually occur ∼1 year before El Niño events, suggesting that they can be used as early warning precursors of El Niño. Using this method, we analyze several reanalysis datasets and show the potential for good forecasting of El Niño. The percolation based order parameter exhibits discontinuous features, indicating a possible relation to the first order phase transition mechanism.
A theoretical approximation of the shock standoff distance for supersonic flows around a circular cylinder
Authors: Sinclair J. , Cui X.
Published: February 2017

Many previous studies have addressed the problem of theoretically approximating the shock standoff distance; however, limitations to these methods fail to produce excellent results across the entire range of Mach numbers. This paper proposes an alternative approach for approximating the shock standoff distance for supersonic flows around a circular cylinder. It follows the philosophy that the “modified Newtonian impact theory” can be used to calculate the size of the sonic zone bounded between the bow shock and the fore part of the body and that the variation of the said zone is related to the standoff distance as a function of the upstream Mach number. Consequently, a reduction rate parameter for the after-shock subsonic region and a reduction rate parameter for the shock standoff distance are introduced to formulate such a relation, yielding a new expression for the shock standoff distance given in Equation (32). It is directly determined by the upstream Mach number and the location of the sonic point at the body surface. The shock standoff distance found by this relation is compared with the numerical solutions obtained by solving the two-dimensional inviscid Euler equations, and with previous experimental results for Mach numbers from 1.35 to 6, and excellent and consistent agreement is achieved across this range of Mach numbers.
Multiferroic heterostructures of Fe3O4/PMN-PT prepared by atomic layer deposition for enhanced interfacial magnetoelectric couplings
Authors: Zhang Yijun , Liu Ming , Zhang Le , Zhou Ziyao , Peng Bin , Wang Chenying , Lin Qijing , Jiang Zhuang-De , Ren Wei , Ye Zuo-Guang
Published: February 2017

In this work, multiferroic heterostructures have been prepared by in situ growing oxide magnetic films on ferroelectric single crystal substrates using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Strong interfacial mechanical coupling between the magnetic and ferroelectric phases has been created, arising from the formation of chemical bonds at the interface due to the nature of layer-by-layer self-limiting growth mechanism of the ALD technique. An enhanced magnetoelectric (ME) coupling has been achieved, which allows an electric field to robustly switch magnetic anisotropy up to 780 Oe. In addition, electrical impulse non-volatile tuning of magnetism has also been realized through partially coupled ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain switching. The ALD growth of magnetic oxide films onto ferroelectric substrates provides an effective platform for the preparation of multiferroic heterostructures at low temperatures with an improved ME coupling, demonstrating a great potential for applications in 3D spintronics, microelectronics and data storages.
Analytic hyperpolarizability and polarizability derivative with fractional occupation numbers for large extended systems
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshio
Published: February 2017

The analytic hyperpolarizability and polarizability derivative with fractional occupation numbers are derived using Wigner’s 2n + 1 rule. The formulation contains no terms that blow up for quasi-degenerate systems. The density-functional tight-binding method is used for implementation, which makes it possible to compute these third-order derivatives for systems containing up to one thousand atoms within 8 h using 24 CPU cores. A comparison between analytic and numerical non-resonance Raman activity spectra indicates that the numerical differentiation approach can give a significant deviation unless the strength of perturbative electric field is carefully chosen. With extremely high electronic temperatures, the polarizability and hyperpolarizability should converge to zero.
Nonlocality of relaxation rates in disordered landscapes
Authors: Li Yunyun , Debnath Debajyoti , Ghosh Pulak K. , Marchesoni Fabio
Published: February 2017

We investigate both analytically and by numerical simulation the relaxation of an overdamped Brownian particle in a 1D multiwell potential. We show that the mean relaxation time from an injection point inside the well down to its bottom is dominated by statistically rare trajectories that sample the potential profile outside the well. As a consequence, also the hopping time between two degenerate wells can depend on the detailed multiwell structure of the entire potential. The nonlocal nature of the transitions between two states of a disordered landscape is important for the correct interpretation of the relaxation rates in complex chemical-physical systems, measured either through numerical simulations or experimental techniques.
Silicon surface passivation by polystyrenesulfonate thin films
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Shen Yanjiao , Guo Jianxin , Chen Bingbing , Fan Jiandong , Li Feng , Liu Haixu , Xu Ying , Mai Yaohua
Published: February 2017

The use of polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) thin films in a high-quality passivation scheme involving the suppression of minority carrier recombination at the silicon surface is presented. PSS has been used as a dispersant for aqueous poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. In this work, PSS is coated as a form of thin film on a Si surface. A millisecond level minority carrier lifetime on a high resistivity Si wafer is obtained. The film thickness, oxygen content, and relative humidity are found to be important factors affecting the passivation quality. While applied to low resistivity silicon wafers, which are widely used for photovoltaic cell fabrication, this scheme yields relatively shorter lifetime, for example, 2.40 ms on n-type and 2.05 ms on p-type wafers with a resistivity of 1–5 Ω·cm. However, these lifetimes are still high enough to obtain high implied open circuit voltages (Voc) of 708 mV and 697 mV for n-type and p-type wafers, respectively. The formation of oxides at the PSS/Si interface is suggested to be responsible for the passivation mechanism.
Radiative cooling induced plasma collapse observed in laser irradiation of a CH-tamped gold micro-disk
Authors: Qing Bo , Zhao Yang , Yuan Zheng , Deng Bo , Zhu Tuo , Yi Rongqing , Zhan Xiayu , Xiong Gang , Lv Min , Hu Zhimin , Zhang Jiyan , Yang Jiamin , Ding Yongkun
Published: February 2017

Time-resolved x-ray self-emission imaging was used to study the dynamic evolution of a laser-produced gold plasma tamped by plastic (CH), and a significant plasma collapse was observed during the laser irradiation. The plasma collapse, a kind of transverse contraction, has been ascribed to the radial compression caused by the different radiative cooling rates and thus different pressures between the central high-Z gold plasma and the surrounding low-Z CH plasma, and this has been reproduced by numerical simulations using the two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics code Multi2D. The experimental results represent an observation of the radiative cooling induced plasma jet within a 1 ns laser pulse duration, much more quickly than those reported previously. In addition, our experiment design may offer a method to study the radiative cooling rates of high-Z plasmas. The measured cooling rate is a factor of 2 higher than the theoretical result [Post et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 20, 397 (1977)], but is within the stated calculational uncertainty.
Low dark current inverted organic photodiodes using anionic polyelectrolyte as a cathode interlayer
Authors: Yoon Seongwon , Cho Jangwhan , Sim Kyu Min , Ha Jaeun , Chung Dae Sung
Published: February 2017

We demonstrate the effect of anionic polyelectrolyte as a cathode interlayer to enhance charge selectivity of the electrode/semiconductor junction of organic photodiodes. Poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) was used as a cathode interlayer to tune the energy level of an ITO/ZnO electrode, so that hole injection can be minimized while electron extraction can be maximized. Optimized photodiodes with a PSS interlayer showed lower and flatter dark current density curves compared to the reference devices, which implies that tunneling currents at the electrode/active layer interface were dramatically suppressed. Moreover, PSS as an interlayer enabled lower charge recombination yield, as confirmed by the ideality factor and linear dynamic range analysis. As a result, we could realize the near-ideal organic photodiodes with a high performance of specific detectivity up to 3.3 × 1012 Jones at −5 V.
Optically probing the detection mechanism in a molybdenum silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
Authors: Caloz Misael , Korzh Boris , Timoney Nuala , Weiss Markus , Gariglio Stefano , Warburton Richard J. , Schönenberger Christian , Renema Jelmer , Zbinden Hugo , Bussières Félix
Published: February 2017

We experimentally investigate the detection mechanism in a meandered molybdenum silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detector by characterising the detection probability as a function of bias current in the wavelength range of 750–2050 nm. Contrary to some previous observations on niobium nitride or tungsten silicide detectors, we find that the energy-current relation is nonlinear in this range. Furthermore, thanks to the presence of a saturated detection efficiency over the whole range of wavelengths, we precisely quantify the shape of the curves. This allows a detailed study of their features, which are indicative of both Fano fluctuations and position-dependent effects.