bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects of Chlorine Method of Aluminum Production in Modern Conditions
Authors: Nikolaevna Vetchinkina Tatiana , Grigorievich Balmaev Boris , Sergeevich Tuzhilin Aleksey
Published: January 2021

The results of the feasibility study of the complete aluminum chlorine production cycle in comparison with the conventional method, namely, the extraction of alumina by the Bayer method and subsequent electrolysis of cryolite-alumina melts are reported in this paper. The advantages of the proposed method are: using low-quality Al-containing raw materials and less scarce and aggressive chlorides instead of fluorides; reduction of specific electric power consumption by about 30%; elimination of high-quality carbon-containing materials consumption and harmful emissions into the atmosphere; reduction of capital investments; labor productivity improvement.

Keywords: aluminum-containing raw material chlorination, electrolysis of aluminum chloride, electricity savings
Suitability Evaluation of Ash-And-Slag Waste from Coal Power Plants as Soil Components
Authors: Volkov Dmitry S. , Rogova Olga B. , Levin I.S. , Proskurnin Mikhail A.
Published: January 2021

The chemical and fractional composition of ash-and-slag waste and fly ash materials of three large combined heat and power plants in Central Russia was compared in this study to assess their influence on the germination of oats as an indicator of the phytotoxic effect of these materials as soil components. It was found that these materials have an acceptable chemical composition from the viewpoint of their release into the environment, but there are factors such as fractional composition that significantly affect the growth and the development of plants when using these materials as soil components during soil reclamation.

Keywords: Ash-And-Slag waste, coal fly ash, Chemical and fractional composition
The Transformation of Di- and Tri-chloromethane Induced By Low Voltage Discharge
Authors: Vasilievich Bodrikov Ivan , Isaevich Grinvald Iosif , Yuryevich Titov Evgeniy , Yuryevich Titov Evgeniy , Nikolaevich Razov Evgeniy
Published: January 2021

This article is focused on the transformation of di- and trichloromethane by induced low-voltage discharges in the liquid phase. To generate discharges, a direct current source is used (capacitance 2200 μF, voltage 60 V). The products and probable intermediates of the CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 transformation were determined by the methods of thermodynamic modeling, FTIR spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Under the action of low-voltage discharges on the liquid substrates, needle fullerene- like structures are formed. In this case the gas phase consists mainly of hydrogen chloride. From the simulation of the nonequilibrium composition of particles and molecular systems it follows that in the course of induced reactions of CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 and geminal elimination of HCl molecules, predominantly carbene-type intermediates are generated.

Keywords: dichloromethane, trichloromethane, low temperature plasma, discharges in the liquid phase
Extraction of Non-ferrous Metals from Underspoil Waters
Authors: Vzorodov S.A. , Klyushnikov A.M.
Published: January 2021

he focus of the study was the acidic underspoil waters of Safyanovskaya copper JSC containing 0.17 g/l of copper and 1.8 g/l of zinc (pH 2.8–2.9). The purpose of the work was research and development of water purification technology from impurities (copper, zinc, aluminum, iron, manganese), suggesting the possibility of copper and zinc extraction in the form of commercial products. The process of copper extraction by cementation with metallic iron was studied. It was shown that this method could allow to extract 94–95 % copper into a concentrate. The zinc extraction from solution after copper removal was studied by precipitation with NaHS, Na2CO3, NaOH and CaO. For economic reasons it is recommended to make zinc precipitation in two stages with CaO in order to produce cake containing 15–21 % Zn with extraction 80–87 %. This cake can be utilized at zinc processing plant. A process flowsheet for acidic underspoil waters, including copper cementation and the precipitation of zinc cake, has been developed. According to this scheme, mother liquor from zinc precipitation should be treated with lime until pH reaches 10–10.5, followed by pulp settling. As a result, purified water of the following composition is obtained, mg/l: zinc – 0.05, copper – 0.01, aluminum – 0.02, iron – 0.02, manganese – 0.05.
Keywords: underspoil water, copper, zinc, iron, cementation, calcium oxide, concentrate, precipitation
Thermodynamic Analysis of Radioactive Graphite Oxidation in NiO-NaCl-KCl-Na2CO3-K2CO3 Melt in the Atmosphere of Argon
Authors: Barbin Nikolaj Mihajlovich , Kobelev Anton Mihajlovich , Terent'ev Dmitrij Ivanovich , Alekseev Sergej Gennad'evich
Published: January 2021

Behavior of U, Pu radionuclides was investigated when heating radioactive graphite in NaCl – KCl – Na2CO3 – K2CO3 melt with NiO additives using the thermodynamic modeling method. Calculations were made by the TERRA software that is used for the determination of phase composition, thermodynamic and transport properties, taking into account chemical and phase changes in temperature range 373 – 3273 K. Calculation of equilibrium phase composition and parameters of equilibrium was carried out using reference information about properties of the individual substances (INVATERMO, HSC, etc.). This study demonstrates that at a temperature of 1273 K the condensed carbon burns down with the formation of CO and CO2. Increasing temperature to 1673 K causes the condensed compounds of uranium to evaporate. This study determined that uranium exists in the form of ionized UO−3 in temperature range from 1673 to 3273 K. Plutonium exists in the form of gaseous PuO2, PuO in temperature range 2373 – 3273 K.
Keywords: thermodynamic modeling, radionuclides, radioactive graphite
Thermodynamic Modeling of Iron and Nickel Reduction from B2O3-CaO-FeO-NiO Melts
Authors: Vusikhis A.S. , Leontiev L.I. , Selivanov E.N. , Chentsov V.P.
Published: January 2021

At present, during solving theoretical and applied problems of metallurgical technologies improving, thermodynamic modeling (TDM) methods are widely used to calculate multicomponent and multiphase systems. However, existing methodology TДM are intended for the balance analysis in the ”closed” systems. The authors of [9] proposed a technique that allows, using TDMs, to describe metal reduction processes during gas bubbling of multicomponent oxide melts in approximation to “open” real systems. The applicability of the methods is estimated using the example of joint Nickel and Iron reduction modeling in the B2O3-CaO-FeO-NiO system by Carbon monoxide for ”open” and ”closed” systems. The data obtained comparison for ”open” and ”closed” systems show that the consecutive output of products (gas and metal) from working medium promotes achievement of the best parameters for Nickel extraction to alloy and to its residual content in oxide melt. Using this technique, the TДM process of joint reduction of Nickel and Iron in system B2O3-CaO-FeO-NiO by Carbon monoxide in ”open” system was undertaken at various temperatures in the 1273-1773K interval.
Keywords: thermodynamic modeling, ”closed” system, ”open” system, joint reduction, Carbon monoxide, oxide melt, gas bubbling
Improving the Reliability of Rotary Furnace Drums By Stabilizing the Temperature Regime By Effect of Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Mikhailov Yuri Vladimirovich , Rukomoinikov Alexander Alexandrovich , Abdeev Rinat Gazizyanovich , Abdeev Eldar Rinatovich
Published: January 2021

The unevenness of the heat flow generated in the furnaces of the drums of rotary kilns leads to damage to the drum casing, which can cause premature failure. The author suggests that by deflecting the flame by applying electromagnetic fields, it is possible to prevent direct contact between the flame and the furnace drum, extending the latter’s service life. In this way, it is possible to regulate the directions of movement of the heated combustion products to realize the uniform distribution of heat fluxes, as well as to regulate local temperature fields in real time. The study took into account 5 main factors of the influence of the electromagnetic field on the flame. Based on the studies, a description of a device partially integrated in the furnace is proposed. In this case, there is no significant constructive modernization of the furnace. This device is an analogue of a high-temperature fan, but has several advantages in comparison with it.
Keywords: electromagnetic field, furnace, flame, heat exchange
Gold Determination Problem in Barium Production Waste
Authors: Khabibulina R.E. , V.G. K.D. Naumov, , Lobanov V.G. , Valnev V.A.
Published: January 2021

The most common method for gold content determination in raw materials is fire assay. An alternative to this method is atomic absorption in a solution obtained by dissolving an initial sample in aqua regia. This study focuses on the sludge of one of the chemical plants, in which the barite concentrate (barium in sulphate form) is fused with calcium chloride at coal presence, and then leached in water. Decomposition of samples in aqua regia followed by atomic absorption analysis, as well as fire assay, showed gold content in the sludge at the level of 1-4 gram per ton. The presence of infusible and chemically resistant compounds in the sludge does not allow to the reliable determination of the gold content. Sintering with sodium peroxide for decomposition of stable compounds at 700 ∘ C, dissolution of sinter in acidic solution, evaporation and fire assay of residue made it possible to establish a reliable concentration of gold in the sludge - 10-20 gram per ton. It was found that a direct determination of gold in acidic sinter leach solution provides inadequate values associated with the influence of the background.
Keywords: Gold determination, barium sludge, fire assay, atomic absorption
Possibility of Slag Sensible Heat Recovery on Drum-like Installations
Authors: Sorokin Yu.V. , Demin B.L. , Smirnov L.A. , Shcherbakov Ye.N.
Published: January 2021

A variant of utilizing of slag physical heat in drum-like installations has been considered. A high-temperature melt is delivered to movable metal bodies. Heat is picked up from the working bodies surface and newly generated surfaces of slag due to interaction with working bodies. Surface of slag grains, as they cool down, allows to pick up heat with various energy characteristics.
Keywords: smelter slags, heat content, drum-like installations, picking up and utilization of heat with various energy characteristics
Sujeitos indígenas: estigmatizados pelas instituições
Authors: Melo Sílvia Mara de
Published: January 2021

este artigo corresponde a um dos frutos do projeto de pesquisa institucional intitulado “As representações midiáticas do sujeito índio sobrevivente no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, MS”, desenvolvido por mim na Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, UFGD,  e visa trazer à tona os estigmas e estereótipos veiculados em enunciados da comunidade acadêmica em relação a estudantes indígenas. Como corpus de pesquisa apresentamos tanto respostas de questionário aplicado a alunos indígenas e matérias jornalística do jornal O Progresso, mídia local. Para sustentar nossas análises, buscamos dialogar com autores do campo dos Estudos Culturais e com uma obra de Michel Foucault. A pergunta de pesquisa que norteou nossas análises foi: Como estigmas e estereótipos se constituem nas relações acadêmicas? Como resultado dessa investigação chegamos à conclusão de que as relações no âmbito educacional estão permeadas de preconceito e que as diferenças culturais promovem uma identidade deteriorada.Palavras-chave: Sujeito Indígena. Estigma. Instituição Educacional
Infames e penetras no universo da leitura: princípios da arqueologia foucaultiana em uma análise de discursos sobre essa prática
Authors: Curcino Luzmara
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo, à luz de princípios e conceitos de “A Arqueologia do Saber”, e de outras obras de Michel Foucault, empreendo uma análise de discursos sobre a leitura a partir de notícias na mídia brasileira sobre catadores de lixo que foram flagrados com livros. Nessas notícias nos deparamos com discursos hegemônicos sobre a leitura, com representações idealizadas do que é ser leitor e com a exploração, na descrição dessas vidas e sujeitos infames, o caráter espetacular, superficial, efêmero, estereotipado e inócuo dessas notícias acerca desses sujeitos, e dos discursos sobre a leitura que são evocados como álibis para esse modo de narrar dessas instituições de poder.
Do enunciável ao visível: as condições de possibilidade do videopoema Vida em Branco
Authors: Mantovani Amanda Soares , Fernandes Júnior Antônio
Published: January 2021

Com o objetivo de discorrer e refletir sobre os procedimentos de análise advindos da filosofia de Michel Foucault, especialmente esses que estão contemplados em sua obra A Arqueologia do Saber (1969), este trabalho abrange uma discussão voltada para as contribuições do pensamento foucaultiano aos estudos da linguagem, diante da necessidade de se mobilizar uma atitude histórico-crítica sob o objeto em análise. Para tanto, o percurso aqui adotado desenvolve-se sob a perspectiva arqueogenealógica, apoiando-se em estudos desenvolvidos pelo próprio Foucault (1999, 2005a, 2005b, 2014, 2016, 2017) e em obras de Deleuze (2017, 2019), Veyne (2009), Gregolin (2004, 2006), entre outros autores. Ao explanar sobre a noção de discurso e enunciado, o discursivo e não discursivo, tentamos descrever, ao fim, como pensar sobre uma história crítica do pensamento proporciona vislumbrar as condições de emergência que possibilitam determinados acontecimentos discursivos, a exemplo, o videopoema de Zélia Duncan, Vida em Branco (2020).
Especifidades terminológicas da ambiência do garimpo: contribuições aos estudos da tradução intralingual
Authors: Benchimol-Barros Silvia Helena , De Sousa Paulo Santiago , Dos Santos Marciano Cabral , Do Carmos Valéria Jane Dos Reis Borges
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho constitui-se em uma investigação acerca da terminologia utilizada no âmbito do Garimpo do Macaco em Cachoeira do Piriá – Pa. Os objetivos centrais contempam a elaboração de um glossário sintético de termos utilizados no lócus de pesquisa, análise de sua utilização e registro dos significados a eles atríbuídos. Trata-se de estudo de campo, de natureza qualitativa, subsidiado por investigações bibliográficas. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se entrevistas com quatro trabalhadores do garimpo na faixa etária entre 18 a 50 anos. Os principais referenciais teóricos foram Cabré (1999), Krieger e Finatto (2004), Aubert (1996) e Jakobson (1995) como aportes na área da Terminologia e Tradução Intralingual. Os resultados constatam a existências de 58 termos utilizados com significados particulares e culturalmente localizados. Dados e análises levam a frutíferas reflexões sobre a importância dos estudos terminológicos em comunidades específicas.
IGREJA E TERRITÓRIO, ENTRE O TEMPO, O ESPAÇO E OS CONFLITOS: DISCURSOS E PRÁTICAS SOBRE BELO MONTE
Authors: Miranda Tânia Nazarena de Oliveira
Published: January 2021

A implantação do complexo de Belo Monte suscitou manifestações de ordem favoráveis e contrárias ao projeto de desenvolvimento na Amazônia. Vários setores e atores ligados à sociedade civil e governamental se envolveram na formulação de estratégias que permitiram discutir: os modelos de desenvolvimento, as questões ambientais, as alternativas e posturas que resultam em várias manifestações envolvendo o campo e a cidade, com repercussão em nível nacional e internacional. O presente texto apresenta o contexto das contradições referentes às concepções sobre a construção da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte. As questões pertinentes sobre território, identidade, realidade, desenvolvimento e progresso – as quais pontuam os governos, os consórcios, os movimentos sociais e a Igreja Católica – suscitam ampla discussão na sociedade brasileira. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos no levantamento de campo realizado em Altamira entre os agentes de pastorais, comunidade local, Movimento Xingu Vivo para Sempre e lideranças da Prelazia do Xingu. Foram tratados segundo a metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa utilizando a técnica de pesquisa do discurso do sujeito coletivo. À época observou-se a estreita relação da Igreja com movimentos e grupos, que encamparam a luta na região do Xingu. Identificou-se também que não é o todo da Igreja do Xingu que compartilha a resistência ao desenvolvimento e progresso que o estado e consórcio idealizam. Demonstra que há divergências e mudanças internas, na Igreja Católica e nos Movimentos Sociais, e na atual conjuntura as divergências e separações estão em pleno vigor.
Turismo e paisagem: a construção da representação da Vila de Alter do Chão, Santarém-Pará
Authors: Barreto Elcivânia De Oliveira , Lobato Alessandra Da Silva , Serra Débora Rodrigues De Oliveira
Published: January 2021

Este estudo analisa a representação de Alter do Chão, vila pertencente ao município de Santarém–PA, em websites de promoção e comercialização, enquanto lugar turístico na Amazônia brasileira. Diante disso, buscou-se, inicialmente, identificar qual imagem fotográfica de Alter do Chão é promovida pela mídia nacional para, em seguida, apontar qual paisagem está vinculada à promoção dessa vila enquanto destino turístico. Para tanto, realizaram-se pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, bem como análises de imagens fotográficas de Alter do Chão em websites. Os resultados apontam que a imagem fotográfica que se sobressai em tais meios digitais, que visam à promoção da vila é a da praia chamada “Ilha do Amor”, o que revela que a paisagem natural de Alter do Chão se configura como elemento determinante na divulgação e comercialização desta no mercado turístico, mostrando que a natureza se mantém como representação da Vila, desconsiderando os seus aspectos culturais.Palavras-chave: Turismo. Paisagem. Imagem. Representação. Alter do Chão.
Conexões preliminares para o planejamento e o desenvolvimento do turismo ferroviário no estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ) a partir dos museus ferroviários
Authors: Borges Vera Lúcia Bogéa , Botelho Eloise Silveira , Fraga Carla
Published: January 2021

As políticas públicas de proteção do patrimônio ferroviário são relativamente recentes no Brasil. Os museus ferroviários podem ser interpretados como aglutinadores da identidade cultural e do sentido de pertencimento ao lugar, materializadas no patrimônio cultural ferroviário. Em termos de planejamento e desenvolvimento do turismo ferroviário é essencial compreender as conexões preliminares envolvendo os museus ferroviários. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre turismo e ferrovia, tendo como foco os museus ferroviários no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Este estudo é exploratório e descritivo, foi composto um referencial teórico a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, com consulta a livros, artigos, websites, entre outros materiais sobre turismo, ferrovia e museus ferroviários, planejamento e desenvolvimento regional e local do turismo. Adicionou-se a isto as noções sobre paisagens culturais. Foram reunidos dados secundários sobre oito museus (n=8). Foi possível apresentar a área de estudo com o suporte do software QGis 3.8 Zanzibar. Os resultados contribuem para conexões preliminares que podem auxiliar ao planejamento e ao desenvolvimento do turismo nas regiões turísticas (n=8): Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (2), Costa do Sol (1), Costa Doce (1), Serra Verde Imperial (1), Vale do Café (3).Palavras-chave: Turismo. Ferrovia. Museu Ferroviário. Patrimônio. Planejamento.
Turismo e cultura: dos processos de manutenção do patrimônio pelos grupos de Carimbó de Belém-PA
Authors: Campos Victor Barbosa , Freitas Maria Augusta
Published: January 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre a organização de grupos de apresentação de Carimbó e a continuidade de manutenção do fazer dessa expressão cultural e patrimônio imaterial em Belém/PA. Sua relevância deve-se ao tratar de um dos principais símbolos da cultura paraense, o Carimbó. O levantamento bibliográfico, documental e trabalho de campo com roteiro de observação dirigida e a entrevista semiestruturada foram decisivos para o alcance dos resultados esperados. Os dados e as entrevistas com os grupos de Carimbó contribuíram para evidenciar as estratégias utilizadas pelos sujeitos para continuarem atuando nesse fazer cultural em Belém/PA. Levando em consideração a importância que esses grupos tem por realizarem um trabalho de divulgação dessa manifestação que é considerada patrimônio cultural brasileiro, ao conservar particularidades dessa cultura e ao transmitir para as pessoas os conhecimentos, danças, música e outros elementos que fazem parte dessa manifestação da cultura popular.Palavras-chave: Turismo. Cultura. Carimbó.
Intervenção urbana em área tombada através de incentivos fiscais: o caso da Vila Belga em Santa Maria-RS
Authors: Thies Cristiane L. Oppermann , De Souza Daniel Mauricio Viana
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar as políticas públicas de proteção ao patrimônio através de incentivos fiscais incidentes sobre a Vila Belga, na cidade de Santa Maria -RS. Para isso, foram utilizados recursos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, para o levantamento dos dados e legislação. A Vila Belga é um conjunto habitacional, construído no início do século XX para abrigar os ferroviários e que por possuir características únicas e importância para a história foi declarado patrimônio protegido através de tombamento municipal e estadual. Dentre as políticas implantadas no local para valorizar e incentivar o desenvolvimento da região foi aprovada no município a lei de criação do Polo Gastronômico, Turístico e Cultural da Vila Belga, que oferece alguns incentivos fiscais, para encorajar a recuperação dos bens tombados possibilitando a instalação de empresas, acarretando em transformações de cunho social na população e de caráter físico no local. Os resultados observados foram que há diversas leis de incentivo que foram implementadas como tentativas de melhorar a preservação dos bens tombados e também de desenvolver e incentivar o uso turístico e exploração econômica na região. Porém tais ações parecem ser sempre isoladas umas das outras, precisando ser integradas com outras políticas de desenvolvimento e principalmente com a população e os agentes promotores do patrimônio local, de modo a preservar não só o patrimônio edificado, mas a forma de vida e o ambiente.Palavras-chave: Patrimônio Cultural. Incentivos fiscais. Patrimônio Tombado. Revitalização Urbana.
Optimization of culture conditions for antibacterial substance production from newly isolated Brevibacillus laterosporus EA62
Authors: DEMİRKAN Elif , AYBEY Aynur , USTA Alev
Published: January 2021

Objectives: In the present study, it was reported the effects of some nutritional (amino acid, carbon, nitrogen and metal sources) and physical factors (pH and temperature) on antibacterial substance activity of Brevibacillus laterosporus EA62.
Methods: The agar well diffusion assay was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the substance. The antibacterial activity of the new substance was examined against four pathogenic bacteria under different nutritional and physical conditions.
Results: The best antibacterial activity was obtained in modified medium consists of the 5% glucose, 0.1% tryptone, 0.05% MgSO4+CaCO3 and 0.5% glutamic acid. For physical parameters, maximal activity was observed after 72 h when incubated at 37°C, pH 7.0.
Conclusions: This study indicates that Brevibacillus laterosporus EA62 could be an important source of antibacterial substances under this medium optimization.
Community Health Nursing in Slovenia and Croatia – Selected Legal Aspects
Authors: Kraljić Suzana , Kačer Blanka
Published: January 2021

This article is dedicated to community health nursing which today constitutes the indispensable cornerstone of Slovenian and Croatian primary health-care. Authors also stress that community health nursing is recognized of crucial importance for public health and various vulnerable groups (e.g., children, elderly, …) in many other European as well as non-European states. In Chapter 2, the authors represent basic historical milestones in both countries, Slovenia and Croatia, which have common historical roots. In Chapters 3 and 4, the central part of the article, authors analyze the current legal regulation related to community health nursing and thereby give special attention to differences in both national legal regulations. The major difference is given in concessions. Namely in Slovenia, community health nursing can be performed also based on a granted concession, but not in Croatia. In Chapter 5, some legal views on the role of community health nursing in local communities are emphasized (e.g., domestic violence). The last chapter is dedicated to the summarization of the authors’ conclusions, in which they especially stress that the community health nursing in both countries today represents an important key factor for ensuring the constitutional right to health-care.
The creative artistic portfolio and reporting by art education students on their student teaching
Authors: Zupančič Tomaž
Published: January 2021

The study of art education is characterised by the duality of artistic and pedagogical content. The importance of a high-quality intertwining of both segments is emphasised. Various types of portfolios are mentioned. The study focused on how the artistic portfolio and the reports from art teacher trainee students about their student teaching experience can be connected. An innovative model of instruction for the preparation of the
student teaching report was prepared. Using qualitative analysis procedures, it was established that the creative-pedagogic (CP) model had positive effects on student motivation and generated in-depth introspection. The students worked with the principles of contemporary art, such as juxtaposition, symbolism, performance art, body art, and self-portrait (selfie).
СТРАТЕГИИ ЖИЗНЕСТОЙКОСТИ ПОЖИЛЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ
Authors: Иванкина Любовь Ивановна , Аникина Екатерина Алексеевна , Клемашева Елена Игоревна , Касати Фабио
Published: January 2021

Актуальность проблемы жизнестойкости людей пожилого возраста обусловлена научно-практическим интересом поиска моделей и способов развития компенсаторных возможностей человека на этапе позднего онтогенеза. Современный подход к вопросам старения меняет пессимистичный взгляд на данный период жизни человека как финитный, завершающий, связанный с увяданием и угасанием жизненных функций, на оптимистичный, рассматривающий период позднего онтогенеза как этап продолжающегося развития человека. Цель работы – выявить особенности и основные виды стратегий жизнестойкости пожилых людей. Проведен анализ данных социологического опроса, позволивший выявить уровень жизнестойкости на основе показателей, значимых для измерения и контроля основных аспектов благополучия пожилых людей – удовлетворенность жизнью, вовлеченность в социальные отношения, ощущение счастья, уверенность в завтрашнем дне. Методика исследования основана на операционализации понятий «жизнестойкость» и «неравенство», что позволило выделить источники неравенства в аспекте ментальных практик – мыслей, убеждений, представлений о собственной роли в обеспечении благополучия. Данный подход обусловлен прежде всего психологической природой феномена жизнестойкости как особого переживания, гарантирующего человеку способность действовать в сложных, неопределенных ситуациях максимально эффективно. Результаты: обоснованы параметры дифференциации стратегий жизнестойкости людей пожилого возраста, выявлена специфика и их виды в период позднего онтогенеза. Анализ данных социологического опроса пожилых людей позволил выявить ресурсы жизнестойкости, к которым отнесены благополучие семьи и близких людей и возможность принимать решения и реализовывать намеченные планы. Выявлены параметры социальной субъектности, препятствующие поддержанию качества жизни и повышению жизнестойкости людей в пожилом возрасте, – это перекладывание ответственности на других при закрепившейся позиции «мне должны».
Manajemen Pembelajaran di Madrasah Aliyah Pondok Pesantren Pancasila Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi pelaksanaan kegiatan belajar mengajar di Madrasah Aliyah Pancasila serta mengungkap kondisi para siswa baik sebelum belajar maupun sesudah belajar. Melalui penelitian ini, diperoleh gambaran secara lengkap tentang proses pelaksanaan pengajaran di Madrasah Aliyah Pancasila, yang di dalamnya menuntut adanya aktivitas dan kreativitas guru sebagai tenaga pengajar, dukungan sarana-prasarana dan keaktifan para siswa. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan mengunakan instrumen pengumpul data berupa: angket, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sasaran peneliti ini adalah menggali temuan ilmiah yang penting dari kondisi kegiatan belajar mengajar di Madrasah Aliyah Pancasila yang diteliti, dan selanjutnya mencari model pembelajaran yang lebih memperhatikan kualitas/mutu tenaga pengajar, kualita input siswa, dukungan sarana-prasarna dan dukungan faktor-faktor lain. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa: (1) Proses pengajaran belum berjalan secara baik disebabkan oleh penggunaan metode pengajaran yang kurang bervariatif sehingga pengajaran menjadi kurang menarik, (2) Terjadinya penurunan mutu output karena para guru belum menjalankan tugas mengajarnya secara professional, (3) Faktor-faktor yang menjadi penghambat/kendala dalam pengajaran yaitu kualitas input/siswa yang masih rendah, rasa tanggung jawab pengajar yang masih kurang, komunikasi yang belum berjalan dan kurangnya sarana-prasarana.
Manajemen Kesiswaan di SDIT (Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu) Harapan Mulia Palembang
Authors: Dullah Yuri , Munir Munir
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yang meliputi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDIT Harapan Mulia Palembang dengan subjek penelitian yang terdiri dari kepala sekolah, waka kurikulum, waka kesiswaan, kepala TU dan operator sekolah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pedoman observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisa data menggunakan teknik model Miles dan Huberman, yaitu 1) Reduksi data, 2) Penyajian Data, dan 3) Penarikan Kesimpulan atau Verifikasi Data. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Perencanaan, dimulai dari menganalisis kebutuhan siswa dengan mempertimbangkan jumlah kelas dan guru yang tersedia, melakukan penerimaan siswa baru, seleksi siswa baru, masa orientasi sekolah, hingga pencatatan data siswa baru. 2) Pengorganisasian, meliputi pembagian siswa yang dibagi berdasarkan kemampuan rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Pengelolaan kelas dilakukan oleh wali kelas yang meliputi penataan ruang kelas, absensi siswa, penyusunan perangkat kelas, pembuatan daftar piket, jadwal pelajaran, pengaturan tempat duduk siswa, pembuatan denah kelas, hingga pengisian raport. 3) Pelaksanaan, meliputi bimbingan pendisiplinan siswa, layanan kegiatan intrakurikuler, dan ekstrakurikuler. 4) Pengawasan, meliputi kegiatan menilai proses dan hasil dari pelaksanaan kegiatan yang dilakukan agar sesuai dengan perencanaan yang telah di buat.
Primary shock calibration with fast linear motor drive
Authors: Volkers H. , Schoenekess H. C. , Bruns Th.
Published: January 2021

This paper describes the implementation of a new, fast and precise linear motor drive for PTB’s primary shock calibration device. This device is used for monopole shock calibrations of accelerometers using the “hammer-anvil” principle according to ISO 16063-13:2001 and operates in a peak acceleration range from 50 m/s² to 5000 m/s².
The main challenge of implementing this kind of shock generator is accelerating a hammer to velocities up to 5 m/s within distances of less than 70 mm.
In this paper, a few helpful improvements are described which lead to an enhanced repeatability of pulse generation over the full shock intensity range as well as a substantial decrease of harmonic disturbing signals.
Linear regression analysis and the GUM: example of temperature influence on force transfer transducers
Authors: Röske Dirk
Published: January 2021

The deflection of strain-gauge force and torque transducers (the zero-reduced output signal for a given mechanical load) is dependent on the ambient temperature. This is also true of high-precision force transfer transducers used to compare force standard machines. To estimate the extent to which temperature deviations during measurements on different machines affect comparison results and – if necessary – to correct for such deviations, it is important to know the influence of the temperature on the deflection. This effect is usually investigated in special temperature chambers in which the transducer is exposed to various temperatures within a given temperature range while the machine is operated under unchanged laboratory conditions. The regression analysis of the results allows the temperature coefficient to be determined, including an uncertainty analysis. This was done for five force transfer transducers used for a bilateral comparison between NPL (UK) and PTB (Germany).
Accuracy – review of the concept and proposal for a revised definition
Authors: Müller-Schöll C.
Published: January 2021

Accuracy as a concept is widely used in metrology. It has undergone a historical development and is defined and used differently in different documents, communities and usage situations. Present existing definitions are sometimes not clear, not unambiguous and sometimes even not useful. This paper explains the difficulties regarding present definitions, throws a spotlight on present day use of the concept, clarifies the question if accuracy is a qualitative concept and finally presents conceptual ideas and a proposal for a new wording of a sustainable definition for accuracy. This paper is intended to support the highly estimated work of JCGM WG2.
Improvement of the realisation of the mass scale
Authors: Zelenka Z. , Alisic S. , Stoilkovska B. , Hanrahan R. , Kolozinsky I. , Popa G. , Pantic D. , Dikov V. , Zuda J. , Coenegrachts M. , Malengo A.
Published: January 2021

The project 19RPT02 “Improvement of the realisation of the mass scale” (EMPIR Call 2019 – Energy, Environment, Normative and Research Potential) has just started.
Its aim is to improve the quality of one of the most important tasks in mass metrology, the realisation of the mass scale. After the new definition of the kilogram this technique is getting more important.
Vibration compensation using dummy load-cell in dynamic mass measurement
Authors: Yamakawa Y. , Tsuzura A. , Yamazaki T.
Published: January 2021

Checkweighers, that can measure the mass of a target object continuously while conveying the object on a belt conveyor, are affected by environmental vibration. As a result, accuracy of the mass measurement gets worse. To solve this problem, we have proposed a method that can eliminate the effect of the environmental vibration. This paper enhances the proposed method and improves the performance of the proposed method.
Analysis of mechanical properties for the key force transfer components of 2 MN deadweight force standard machine
Authors: Wei Tieping , Guo Jinquan , Lai Zhengchuang , Lin Shuo , Yang Xiaoxiang
Published: January 2021

The good mechanical properties of deadweight force standard machine (DWM) are the basis to ensure the accuracy of its measurement. Aiming at the development of 2 MN DWM, this paper carries out simulation analysis on the key components of the force value transfer process. The analysis results provide constructive suggestions for the development of 2 MN DWM.
Performance test of cantilever transfer standard used for afm tip calibration based on electromagnetic compensation
Authors: Jiang J. , Zhou H. , Zhang Y. , Wu S. , Zhang Z. , Hu G.
Published: January 2021

This paper describes stiffness measurement of cantilever transfer standards used for Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) tip calibration based on electromagnetic compensation. The transfer standard of cantilever is designed and manufactured based on the bulk fabrication of SOI wafers. The measure range of the transfer standard covers from 0.04 N/m to 16 N/m. The series of transfer standard is designed for the calibration test of the cantilever used in AFM, along with the test apparatus specifically designed. The relative uncertainty of the stiffness is smaller than 2.4 % (k = 2).
Rockwell hardness unmanned precision metering calibration device
Authors: Shi Wei , Zhang Kailin , Tao Jizeng , Li Yang
Published: January 2021

Based on the concept and technology of precision metering and intelligent metering, this research combines high-precision force loading technology, indentation measurement technology, automatic control technology and robot technology. An unmanned precise measurement and calibration device for Rockwell hardness is designed and developed. The design scheme and research results are given. The test results show a high measurement accuracy of the device, and it has obvious advantages in the standardization and consistency of the test process. The completion of this device has made a great breakthrough in the work of hardness measurement and calibration and provided a good direction for the development of other parameter unmanned precision measurement and calibration.
Recent advances in Fabry-Perot-based refractometry utilizing gas modulation for assessment of pressure
Authors: Zelan M. , Silander I. , Forssén C. , Zakrisson J. , Axner O.
Published: January 2021

Gas modulation refractometry (GAMOR) is a methodology that can mitigate the influence of fluctuations and drifts in Fabry-Pérot cavity–based refractometry. This paper presents a thorough description of its principles, what it enables, and its applicability. An overview of the latest results is presented, including the realization of a system based upon a cavity spacer made of Invar that allows for detection of N2 with sub-ppm precision, and a characterization procedure that allows for assessment of N2 with an accuracy at low-ppm levels.
Characterization of spinning rotor gauge-3 using orific flow system and static expansion system
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Thakur Vikas N. , Kumar Harish
Published: January 2021

This article elucidates the calibration of newly procured spinning rotor gauge (SRG 3) from MKS Instruments, USA using primary vacuum standards: Orifice flow system (OFS) and Static expansion system (SES) established at National Physical Laboratory, India (NPLI) in the range of 10-4 Pa to 1 Pa and further compared with manufacturer reported value which was calibrated by transfer standard of National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST). The key parameters to calculate the pressure measured by SRG is the accommodation coefficients. The accommodation coefficients for N2 gas obtained using OFS, SES, and calibration report form NIST USA (SRG2) are 0.957, 0.961, and 0.954 respectively.
Subjective well-being of female employees of innovative companies of different ages
Authors: Zakharova Ludmila , Saralieva Zaretkhan , Leonova Irina
Published: January 2021

The results of an empirical study of subjective well-being as an emotional regulator of labor behavior of female personnel in the conditions of technological patterns changes have been presented. The characteristics of the subjective well-being of female personnel of industrial and medical companies with different levels of involvement in innovative processes have been analyzed. 420 women (engineers and doctors) of three age groups have participated in the study as respondents. Subjective well-being was analyzed through the indicators of value commitment to innovative changes, exposure to stress, fatigue from work and organizational conditions, health and age self-assessment, psychological well-being at work. The K. Cameron and R. Quinn (OCAI), stress scale R. Kessler, author’s self-assessment questionnaire and subjective well-being methods combining questions with direct scaling have been used for diagnosis of organizational culture and value of organizational and cultural preferences. It has been revealed that the subjective well-being of female staff is higher in all respects in organizational conditions of innovative companies regardless of business sphere, but in the industrial sector it is better than in the medical one. Organizational conditions are very important in the process of development of subjective well-being in relation to different professions and age. The role of stress related to changes that generates subjective disfunction and, as a result, female staff seeking psychological support and solidarity in enhancing the value of relationships in organizational culture to an absolute priority to the detriment of business and innovative components has been discovered. Subjective well-being restrains the strengthening of the value of relationships and determines the necessary balance of other components of organizational culture. Subjectively wealthy female staff shows inconsistency with the stereotypical characteristics of conservatism and unpreparedness for progressive organizational changes that cause difficulties for women in the labor market in the face of a shift of technological structure. Insufficient value readiness of young female staff to work in an innovative business has been revealed, some of the nuances of the subjective age well-being / trouble have been disclosed. Approaches to the management of subjective well-being of female staff in the context of innovative organizational changes have been developed.
Women’s situation in Japanese society: socio-demographic aspects
Authors: Lukyanets Artem , Ryazantsev Nikita
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the place of women in modern Japanese society. It is established that in recent years, the transformation of socio-economic processes in Japanese society has intensified, which consists in a gradual transition from traditional Japanese values based mainly on the family as the main unit of Japanese society to modern, Western-oriented ones that focus on women’s self-identification and self-determination. Analysis of opinion polls has shown that recently women in Japan at earlier reproductive ages do not consider the creation of a family and the birth of children a priority in life. The forecast of the female population up to 2025 is made by major age groups. With the overall decline in the female population of Japan, the number of women aged 65 and older will continue to grow until 2040, due to the demographic aging of the entire population of Japan, caused by a low birth rate and high life expectancy. It is established that the birth rate is decreasing from year to year, and, at the moment, there are no objective factors to change the situation.
What Does It Mean Philosophy of the Collective Science?
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krushanov Alexander A.
Published: January 2021

One of the most important tasks which the philosophy of science faces today is the comprehension and methodological regulation of new forms of collective scientific work that are emerging today. The solution to this problem presup­poses, in turn, a rethinking of traditional epistemological ideas about cognitive activity, and above all, the idea of its subject. The interpretation of the cognition subject as a cognitive robinson needs to be rethought. For this purpose, the author believes, the philosophy of science should turn to the analysis of the peculiar population effects arising in modern scientific communities. Moreover, in the au­thor's opinion, for a more effective implementation of this analysis, it should be extracted into a special section of the philosophy of science – the philosophy of collective science – which focuses on features of scientific research within the framework of collaboration – cooperation, rather than on the individual cre­ative activity of scientists. Today the research in this direction develops inten­sively. Both foreign (among whom I would like to note the works of P. Galison) and domestic researchers (I. Kasavin, V. Pronskikh, B. Pruzhinin) are working in this direction today. To the population effects requiring a special philosophical and methodological analysis the author refers: difficulties in developing a profes­sional language of science for the scientific community which performs collec­tive research; the existence of the phenomenon of fashionable scientific direction that deforms cognition; phenomena associated with the exchange of information using scientific messages. The article also touches on the issue of analyzing the structure of the collective subject of cognition. Research teams as subsystems of a collective subject are divided into: structural research teams and informal research teams. All these phenomena reveal themselves in many areas of modern science. But they are especially vividly observed within the framework of the so-called Big Science (megascience). The article also attempts to show that three different types of “collectivity” of scientific activity can be distinguished in col­lective science.
From Normal Science to Revolutionary One and Vice Versa
Authors:   Interregional Non-Governmental Organization “Russian Society for History and Philosophy of Science”, Antonovskiy Alexander Yu.
Published: January 2021

The article poses the question of which science, revolutionary or normal, is more in line with the concept of modernity. We consider the claims to the modernity of both types of sciences and substantiate the conclusion that revolutionary science can be understood as a situational response of scientists to the state of crisis of normal science. The author argues that revolutionary (at some given point in time) science again brings us back to the forgotten question of truth and refer­ence. At first glance, it looks like a turn from technique and calculations, formal­ization and simplification to the world in itself, ontologically unified and inde­pendent of its presentations in certain paradigms. However, revolutionary science in its claim to turn from language to referent turns out to be a reminis­cence of the archaic “Pythagorean attitude” (to “the discovery of true truth, the true being, and design of God” in the sense of M. Weber) and, in turn, does not relieve us of excessive abstractness, loss of connection with reality, and in this sense does not correspond to the concept of modernity. Science is technicized, formalized, quantified, digitalized, and receives an increasingly complex concep­tual description, almost unrelated to natural “life-world” ontologies and realities.