bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consistency may be key, but continuity is essential for success
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: November 2021

Throughout the course of my career, I've long heard of, and applied myself to, the concept of being consistent, to being able to perform my job at a particular level or standard to the best of my ability, even if the circumstances of doing so become more demanding or complex.
Admissions
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2021

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
High Capacitive Performance Achieved in NaNbO3‐Based Ceramics via Grain Refinement and Relaxation Enhancement
Authors: Li Chengwei , Xiao Yiming , Fu Tangyu , Zheng Liang , Zheng Peng , Bai Wangfeng , Li Lili , Wen Fei , Zhang Jingji , Zhang Yang
Published: November 2021

Lead‐free antiferroelectric (AFE) energy storage material NaNbO3 has received increasing attention because of the advantages of low density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, square P–E hysteresis loops and low electric breakdown strength suppress the realistic energy storage applications of the pristine NaNbO3 ceramic. Herein, the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 relaxor ferroelectric is introduced into the NaNbO3 AFE ceramic, aiming to enhance energy storage performances. (1–x)NaNbO3–xBa0.6Sr0.4TiO3 ceramics with different doping levels are manufactured via the conventional solid‐state processing route. A remarkable recoverable energy storage density (W
rec ≈ 3.04 J cm−3) and a high efficiency (η ≈ 88.83%) are achieved synchronously in the ceramic with x = 0.20, under an applied electric field of 320 kV cm−1, benefiting from the enhanced relaxor behavior and reduced grain size caused by the introduction of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3. Furthermore, excellent frequency stability (5–1000 Hz) and temperature stability (20–150 °C) along with outstanding fatigue resistance (up to 2 × 105cycles) are also achieved. Moreover, the ceramic displays outstanding charge–discharge capabilities such as big current density (C
D ≈ 1096.23 A cm−2), high power density (P
D ≈ 106.7 MV cm−3) and fast discharge speed (t
0.9 ≈ 142 ns). These results demonstrate that the Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 modified NaNbO3‐based ceramics could be competitive candidates for high power systems.
Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of biliary tract cancers
Authors: Jackson Sarah S. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Gabbi Chiara , Anderson Lesley , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Koshiol Jill
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) has a female predominance, whereas the other biliary tract cancers (BTCs) have a male predominance, suggesting that sex hormones may be involved in carcinogenesis. We sought to evaluate the association between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and the risk of BTC in women.

Approach and Results

This nested case‐control study was conducted in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Cases diagnosed between 1990 and 2017 with incident primary cancers of the gallbladder (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), ampulla of Vater (AVC), and mixed type were matched to 5 controls on birth year, diagnosis year, and years in the general practice using incidence density sampling. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs for associations between MHT use and BTC type. The sample consisted of 1,682 BTC cases (483 GBC, 870 CCA, 105 AVC, and 224 mixed) and 8,419 matched controls with a mean age of 73 (SD, 11) years. Combined formulations (estrogen‐progesterone) were associated with an increased GBC risk (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.08, 3.59). Orally administered MHT was associated with an increased GBC risk (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.24, 4.17). Estrogen‐only formulations (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.34, 0.93) and cream or suppository administrations (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34, 0.95) were associated with decreased CCA risk. The number of prescriptions, dose, duration of use, and time since last use were not associated with GBC or CCA risk. MHT use was not associated with risk of AVC or mixed cancer.

Conclusions

Combination MHT formulations and oral administrations were associated with increased GBC risk, whereas estrogen‐only formulations were associated with a lower CCA risk. MHT formulation and administration should be carefully considered when prescribing.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients’ cancer care pathways in Queensland: Insights from health professionals
Authors: de Witt Audra , Matthews Veronica , Bailie Ross , Valery Patricia C. , Adams Jon , Garvey Gail , Martin Jennifer H. , Cunningham Frances C.
Published: November 2021

Objective

To identify points for improvements within the health system where Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer patients may experience a lack of continuity in their cancer care. The optimal care pathway for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with cancer (OCP) framework was utilised as a tool in this work.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with health professionals at the primary health care (PHC) and hospital setting. Data were categorised into six steps using the OCP framework.

Results

This study identified multiple time‐points in the cancer pathways that could be strengthened to increase the continuity of cancer care for these patients. In addition, the provision of person‐centred care and adequate education tailored to patients' and health professionals' needs can help minimise the likelihood of patients experiencing a lack of continuity in their cancer care. Participants were recruited from an urban hospital (n = 9) and from six Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (n = 17) across geographical locations in Queensland. The provision of culturally competent care, effective communication, coordination and collaboration between services along the cancer pathway from prevention and early diagnosis through to end‐of‐life care were highlighted as important to enhance care continuity for Indigenous Australians.

Conclusion

The implementation of recommendations outlined in the OCP framework may help with improving cancer care continuity for Indigenous patients with cancer.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people can sometimes find cancer care pathways complex and difficult to navigate. This study identified points in the cancer pathways that could be strengthened to increase the continuity of cancer care for these patients which could potentially lead to improved outcomes.
CD33‐directed immunotherapy with third‐generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells and gemtuzumab ozogamicin in intact and CD33‐edited acute myeloid leukemia and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Sanmei , Schubert Maria‐Luisa , Lauk Annika , Yao Hao , Blank Maximilian Felix , Cui Chunhong , Janssen Maike , Schmidt Christina , Göllner Stefanie , Kleist Christian , Zhou Fengbiao , Rahfeld Jens‐Ulrich , Sauer Tim , Schmitt Michael , Müller‐Tidow Carsten
Published: November 2021

Immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells and antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs), have revolutionized the treatment of cancer, especially of lymphoid malignancies. The application of targeted immunotherapy to patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been limited in particular by the lack of a tumor‐specific target antigen. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), an ADC targeting CD33, is the only approved immunotherapeutic agent in AML. In our study, we introduce a CD33‐directed third‐generation CAR T‐cell product (3G.CAR33‐T) for the treatment of patients with AML. 3G.CAR33‐T cells could be expanded up to the end‐of‐culture, that is, 17 days after transduction, and displayed significant cytokine secretion and robust cytotoxic activity when incubated with CD33‐positive cells including cell lines, drug‐resistant cells, primary blasts as well as normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). When compared to second‐generation CAR33‐T cells, 3G.CAR33‐T cells exhibited higher viability, increased proliferation and stronger cytotoxicity. Also, GO exerted strong antileukemia activity against CD33‐positive AML cells. Upon genomic deletion of CD33 in HSPCs, 3G.CAR33‐T cells and GO preferentially killed wildtype leukemia cells, while sparing CD33‐deficient HSPCs. Our data provide evidence for the applicability of CD33‐targeted immunotherapies in AML and its potential implementation in CD33 genome‐edited stem cell transplantation approaches.
The effects of TNF‐α/TNFR2 in regulatory T cells on the microenvironment and progression of gastric cancer
Authors: Qu Yang , Wang Xianhao , Bai Shuai , Niu Liling , Zhao Gang , Yao Yuan , Li Bin , Li Hui
Published: November 2021

TNFR2+ regulatory T cells preferentially accumulate in the tumor microenvironment, express high levels of immunosuppressive molecules and possess strong suppressive activity. Our study aimed to explore the characteristics and role of TNFR2+ Tregs in the microenvironment and progression of gastric cancer via polychromatic immunofluorescence, single‐cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry assays. The TNFR2+ Treg infiltration level in the tumor microenvironment increased significantly as gastric cancer progressed and was demonstrated to be a prognostic marker. Single‐cell RNA sequencing revealed high levels of TNFR2 in tumor‐infiltrating Tregs. The TNF‐α/TNFR2 signaling pathway was activated, accompanied by the upregulation of costimulatory molecules. Unlike blood Tregs, tumor‐infiltrating Tregs existed in activated and effector states. In addition to expressing costimulatory molecules such as TNFR2, 4‐1BB, OX40 and GITR, tumor‐infiltrating Tregs were also characterized by high expression levels of immune checkpoints such as CTLA‐4 and TIGIT and chemokines such as CCR6. In vitro studies showed that the TNF‐α/TNFR2 pathway increased the Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25+ T cells and the latent TGF‐β production in Tregs as well as enhanced the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. In summary, our study revealed high infiltration levels of TNFR2+ Tregs that were in activated and effector states in the tumor microenvironment. The infiltration level of TNFR2+ Tregs is a prognostic marker and an independent risk factor for gastric cancer. Activation of the TNF‐α/TNFR2 pathway promotes the immunosuppressive phenotype and function of Tregs. Our study provides a new theoretical basis for TNFR2+ Tregs as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
Incidence of influenza and other respiratory viruses among pregnant women: A multi‐country, multiyear cohort
Authors: Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Veguilla Vic , Calvo Arlene , Franco Danilo , Dominguez Rhina , Rauda Rafael , Armero Julio , Hall Aron J. , Pascale Juan M. , González Rosalba
Published: November 2021

Objective

To quantify rates of influenza illness and assess value of influenza vaccination among pregnant women in Panama and El Salvador.

Methods

Pregnant women were enrolled and followed each week in a prospective cohort study to identify acute respiratory illnesses (ARI). Nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from women with febrile ARI were tested by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction for influenza and other respiratory viruses.

Results

We enrolled 2556 women between October 2014 and April 2017. Sixteen percent developed at least one ARI; 59 had two ARI, and five had three ARI for a total of 463 ARI. Women in El Salvador and Panama contributed 297 person‐years (py) and 293 py, respectively, during influenza circulation. Twenty‐one (11%) of 196 sampled women tested positive for influenza. Influenza incidence was 5.0/100 py (5.7/100 py in El Salvador and 4.3/100 py in Panama). Only 13% of women in El Salvador and 43% in Panama had been vaccinated against influenza before influenza epidemics (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

One in six pregnant women developed ARI and more than one in ten ARI were attributable to vaccine‐preventable influenza. While women were at risk of influenza, few had been vaccinated before each epidemic. Such findings suggest the utility of evaluations to optimize vaccine timing and coverage.
Associations between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and bone health among postmenopausal women in the United States
Authors: Li Ruiqiang , Zhan Wenqiang , Huang Xin , Wang Jiaqi , Lv ShuaiShuai , Liang Luyao , Zhang Fan , Ma Yuxia
Published: November 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) score and the bone health of menopausal women.

Methods

A total of 2461 participants were included in the analysis from the NHANES database 2009–2018 and 2005–2006. The association between the DII and Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) was evaluated through a multiple linear regression model.

Results

The mean DII in this study was +0.89 (SD 0.18) and the scores ranged from −5.46 (most anti‐inflammatory) to +4.58 (most pro‐inflammatory). After adjusting for confounding factors, higher DII is associated with an increased risk of decreased total bone density (Model III, β −0.012; 95% CI −0.023, −0.001). There is a similar correlation found in bone density content and other indicators of bone mineral density. At the same time, we used BMI as a stratified variable for subgroup analysis, we found that higher DII (continuous) was associated with a significantly higher risk of decreased total bone density in overweight/obese postmenopausal women (β −0.018; 95% CI −0.025, −0.006).

Conclusion

A higher DII score is significantly associated with lower bone density and bone density in postmenopausal women, especially women who are overweight/obese.
Assessment of diabetic small‐fiber neuropathy by using short‐wave infrared hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Sheen Yi‐Jing , Sheu Wayne Huey‐Herng , Wang Hsin‐Che , Chen Jun‐Peng , Sun Yi‐Hsuan , Chen Hsian‐Min
Published: November 2021

Among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the association between hyperspectral imaging (HSI) examination and diabetic neuropathy (DN) is ascertained using HSI of the feet using four types of spectral difference measurements. DN was evaluated by traditional Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), evaluation of painful neuropathy (ID‐Pain, DN4) and sudomotor function by measuring electrochemical skin conductance (ESC). Of the 120 T2DM patients and 20 healthy adults enrolled, T2DM patients are categorized into normal sudomotor (ESC >60 μS) and sudomotor dysfunction (ESC ≤ 60 μS) groups. Spectral difference analyses reveal significant intergroup differences, whereas traditional examinations cannot distinguish between the two groups. HSI waveform reflectance gradually increases with disease severity, at 1400 to 1600 nm. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for abnormal ESC is ≥0.8 for all four HSI methods. HSI could be an objective, sensitive, rapid, noninvasive and remote approach to identify early small‐fiber DN.
Diagnostic Aspects of Vitamin D: Clinical Utility of Vitamin D Metabolite Profiling
Authors: Jones Glenville , Kaufmann Martin
Published: November 2021

The assay of vitamin D that began in the 1970s with the quantification of one or two metabolites, 25‐OH‐D or 1,25‐(OH)2D, continues to evolve with the emergence of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) as the technique of choice. This highly accurate, specific, and sensitive technique has been adopted by many fields of endocrinology for the measurement of multiple other components of the metabolome, and its advantage is that it not only makes it feasible to assay 25‐OH‐D or 1,25‐(OH)2D but also other circulating vitamin D metabolites in the vitamin D metabolome. In the process, this broadens the spectrum of vitamin D metabolites, which the clinician can use to evaluate the many complex genetic and acquired diseases of calcium and phosphate homeostasis involving vitamin D. Several examples are provided in this review that additional metabolites (eg, 24,25‐(OH)2D3, 25‐OH‐D3‐26,23‐lactone, and 1,24,25‐(OH)3D3) or their ratios with the main forms offer valuable additional diagnostic information. This approach illustrates that biomarkers of disease can also include metabolites devoid of biological activity. Herein, a case is presented that the decision to switch to a LC‐MS/MS technology permits the measurement of a larger number of vitamin D metabolites simultaneously and does not need to lead to a dramatic increase in cost or complexity because the technique uses a highly versatile tandem mass spectrometer with plenty of reserve analytical capacity. Physicians are encouraged to consider adding this rapidly evolving technique aimed at evaluating the wider vitamin D metabolome toward streamlining their approach to calcium‐ and phosphate‐related disease states. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Critical aspects of the physiological interactions between lead and magnesium
Authors: Wyparło‐Wszelaki Magdalena , Machoń‐Grecka Anna , Wąsik Marta , Dobrakowski Michał
Published: November 2021

Despite technological progress, exposure to lead is an ongoing problem. There are many mechanisms governing the toxic effects of lead on the human body. One such mechanism involves the interaction of this xenobiotic with bivalent metal ions, including magnesium. Literature data suggest that the competition between these elements for binding sites at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as at the systemic level, may represent an important aspect of lead toxicity in the human body. This is especially clear in the context of oxidative stress, immune response, and gene expression modifications. This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding these issues.
The distal arthrogryposis‐linked p.R63C variant promotes the stability and nuclear accumulation of TNNT3
Authors: Lu Jinfang , Li Huanzheng , Zhang He , Lin Zhengxiu , Xu Chenyang , Xu Xueqin , Hu Lin , Luan Zhaotang , Lou Yongliang , Tang Shaohua
Published: November 2021

Background

Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is comprised of a group of rare developmental disorders in muscle, characterized by multiple congenital contractures of the distal limbs. Fast skeletal muscle troponin‐T (TNNT3) protein is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle and plays an important role in DA. Missense variants in TNNT3 are associated with DA, but few studies have fully clarified its pathogenic role.

Methods

Sanger sequencing was performed in three generation of a Chinese family with DA. To determine how the p.R63C variant contributed to DA, we identified a variant in TNNT3 (NM_006757.4): c.187C>T (p.R63C). And then we investigated the effects of the arginine to cysteine substitution on the distribution pattern and the half‐life of TNNT3 protein.

Results

The protein levels of TNNT3 in affected family members were 0.8‐fold higher than that without the disorder. TNNT3 protein could be degraded by the ubiquitin‐proteasome complex, and the p.R63C variant did not change TNNT3 nuclear localization, but significantly prolonged its half‐life from 2.5 to 7 h, to promote its accumulation in the nucleus.

Conclusion

The p.R63C variant increased the stability of TNNT3 and promoted nuclear accumulation, which suggested its role in DA.
Building power through reindigenization: Sharing the story of Menīkānaehkem
Authors: Faust Victoria , Pollard Ethen , Welch Kristin , Hilgendorf Amy , (Anahkwet) Reiter Guy , Brown Tony , Thunder Cherie , Wescott Sara , Wilber Dawn , Christens Brian D. , Wells Alexandra
Published: November 2021

Culture shapes and animates how community organizing is understood and carried out in specific contexts. Many frameworks for examining organizing, however, do not effectively attend to the influences of culture. Greater understanding of how culture can be imbued in organizing can help to ground it in the social realities of organizing participants and can advance approaches to organizing that honor the past and present of specific cultures. This study details local culturally grounded community organizing work rooted in Indigenous, and specifically Menominee, culture. First, it provides a description of the formation of the organization Menīkānaehkem in the Menominee Nation and includes examples of how current organizing practices of Menīkānaehkem build from long‐standing Menominee cultural practices. It then highlights the reinvigoration of cultural practices, or re‐indigenization, as an important goal for community power building in Menīkānaehkem. It ends with a discussion of the importance of culture in frameworks for understanding, analyzing, and promoting organizing as an endeavor to advance well‐being in a way that also interrupts cycles of structural oppression, such as legacies of settler colonialism.
Role of biofilms in the degradation of microplastics in aquatic environments
Authors: Debroy Abhrajit , George Nancy , Mukherjee Gunjan
Published: November 2021

Microplastics are pollutants of emerging concern that have already gained significance in recent years because of their recalcitrant nature and their detrimental effects on living beings and the ecosystem. Due to their small size, microplastics are easily integrated into biogeochemical cycles and food webs, drastically affecting the environment. Our current knowledge on the interactions of microplastics with various components of ecosystems is limited; however, considering their potential long‐term impact, massive research efforts are underway to understand the environmental fate of microplastics and any possible strategies for remediation. In marine ecosystems, plastic surfaces are mostly colonized by microorganisms that form biofilms. Plastic‐biofilm interactions potentially influence the physical and chemical properties of the polymer, thereby leading to its degradation. Hence, to mitigate the foreseen nuisance of microplastics contamination, biofilms are being considered as potential candidates for the remediation of marine environments. Though the interactions between plastic and microbes are still inadequately understood, much of the research in the field is being focused on this aspect. In this review, we discuss several types and sources of microplastics, along with their trophic transfer and negative impacts on ecosystem. In addition, we focus on the current knowledge and explain the research gaps in understanding plastic‐microbe interactions in marine environments, while highlighting the role of biofilms in the degradation of microplastic debris. Finally, we comment on the future aspects and research priorities in this field to further elaborate the role of microorganisms in determining the fate of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Comparison of mechanical and optical properties of a newly marketed universal composite resin with contemporary universal composite resins: An in vitro study
Authors: Gurgan Sevil , Koc Vural Uzay , Miletic Ivana
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness, microhardness, color change, and translucency of a newly marketed universal nanohybrid composite resin (CR) (G‐aenial A'CHORD) comparing with four contemporary universal CRs including two nanofilled (Filtek and Estelite Asteria) and two nanohybrid CRs (Charisma Dimond and Neo Spectra ST HV in vitro). Sixty‐five specimens (8.0 mm × 2.0 mm) were fabricated (n = 13, per group). After finishing and polishing, specimens were subjected to surface roughness and microhardness tests. Color and translucency of the specimens were evaluated at baseline and after darkening with coffee solution at day 1 and day 7. A representative specimen from each group was investigated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data was analyzed statistically (p < .05). There were significant differences among the groups in terms of surface roughness, microhardness, color, and translucency. The surface roughness was recorded as: Charisma Diamond > Neo Spectra ST HV, Filtek > Estelite Asteria, G‐aenial A'CHORD, whereas Vickers Hardness number was as: Filtek, Charisma Diamond > Neo Spectra ST HV > G‐aenial A'CHORD, Estelite Asteria. Color change was as: Charisma Diamond > Neo Spectra ST HV, Filtek, G‐aenial A'CHORD > Estelite Asteria and the translucency was as: Neo Spectra ST HV > G‐aenial A'CHORD, Filtek > Estelite Asteria, Charisma Diamond. SEM examinations revealed smooth surfaces for G‐aenial A'CHORD, Neo Spectra ST HV and Estelite Asteria. Mechanical and optical properties of universal composite resins with different compositions show variations.
Clinical features and independent predictors for recurrence of positive SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Liu Ke , Yang Xiuli , Feng Chen , Chen Mei , Zhang Chuantao , Wang Yuelian
Published: November 2021

Patients with COVID‐19 may be recurrence positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) RNA after being cured and discharged from the hospital. The aim of this study was to explore independent influencing factors as markers for predicting positive SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA recurrence. The study included 601 COVID‐19 patients who were cured and discharged from the Public and Health Clinic Centre of Chengdu from January 2020 to March 2021, and the recurrence positive of patients within 6 weeks after SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA turned negative was followed up. We used propensity score matching to eliminate the influence of confounding factors, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors for positive SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA recurrence. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the elevated serum potassium (odds ratio [OR] = 6.537, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.864–22.931, p = 0.003), elevated blood chlorine (OR = 1.169, 95% CI: 1.032–1.324, p = 0.014) and elevated CD3+CD4+ count (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001–1.004, p < 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for positive SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA recurrence (p < 0.05). The difference in virus shedding duration (OR = 1.049, 95% CI: 1.000–1.100, p = 0.05) was borderline statistically significant. For sensitivity analysis, we included virus shedding duration as a categorical variable in the model again and found that the OR value related to recurrence positively increased with delayed virus shedding duration, and the trend test showed a statistical difference (P trend = 0.03). Meanwhile, shortening of activated partial prothrombinase time (OR = 0.908, 95% CI: 0.824–1.000, p = 0.049) was identified as an independent protection factor for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA recurrence positive. We have identified independent factors that affect the recurrence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA positive. It is recommended that doctors pay attention to these indicators when first admitted to the hospital.
New perspectives for studying the role of affect in interpersonal work relationships
Authors: Tse Herman H. M. , Troth Ashlea C. , Ashkanasy Neal M. , Liden Robert C.
Published: November 2021

The impetus for this special issue, which focuses on the role of affect in interpersonal work relationships, derives from recent concerns scholars have expressed about one model of interpersonal work relationships, namely, the leader–member exchange (LMX) perspective. In particular, scholars have noted that research on the role of affect in LMX is being impeded because of three factors: (1) limited theoretical frameworks, (2) insufficient research integrating both relationship parties, and (3) a scarcity of studies that adopt a multilevel perspective. In this introductory article, we begin by detailing our reasons for undertaking the special issue and discuss why the three factors hamper research on affect, not only in LMX, but in understanding the nature of interpersonal work relationships in general. We next summarize the eight articles comprising this special issue and examine how each tackles the three issues by either considering alternative theoretical frameworks, incorporating all relational parties, and/or by taking a multilevel approach. Finally, we discuss new perspectives and promising directions for future research endeavors on this topic. It is our intention that this special issue should stimulate further research to explore the dynamic role affect plays in shaping interpersonal work relationships at multiple levels of organizational analysis.
Biochar and compost amendments alter the structure of the soil fungal network in a karst mountainous area
Authors: Yan Taotao , Xue Jianhui , Zhou Zhidong , Wu Yongbo
Published: November 2021

The karst ecosystem is prone to degradation and this accounts for a large proportion of land degradation in southwestern China. In order to improve the nutrient status and microbial community structure of karst soil, the amendment method of combining biochar, compost, and chemical fertilizer l was explored. With CK as the control, M as manure compost, B as wood biochar, and F as chemical fertilizer, field trials were set up with eight treatments. The results showed that the biochar treatments led to higher fungal diversity and soil nutrient content than no‐biochar treatments, and the compost treatments resulted in higher fungal diversity and soil nutrient content than no‐compost treatments. Cluster and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyses indicated that the composition and structure of the fungal community varied under different treatments; both the compost fungal network and biochar fungal network were more complex than their respective control networks. Soil carbon and nutrient fractions had significant effects on soil fungal networks. In short, the addition of both biochar and manure compost enlarged the complexity of microbial‐related networks and enhanced the soil nutrient status, indicating that biochar‐based fertilizer was beneficial in karst‐degraded soil restoration.
In Situ Electrodeposition of Gold Nanostructures in 3D Ultra‐Thin Hydrogel Skins for Direct Molecular Detection in Complex Mixtures with High Sensitivity
Authors: Ansah Iris Baffour , Kim Sunho , Yang Jun‐Yeong , Mun ChaeWon , Jung Ho Sang , Lee Seunghun , Kim Dong‐Ho , Kim Shin‐Hyun , Park Sung‐Gyu
Published: November 2021

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based on nanostructured metals has promise as a nondestructive tool for sensitive molecular detection. However, metal surfaces are prone to fouling by the nonspecific adsorption of macromolecules, which limits the selective detection of small molecules in complex fluids. Therefore, samples must be purified and enriched before Raman analysis, which makes on‐site detection difficult. In the present work, Au nanopillar arrays are encapsulated with ultra‐thin hydrogel skins to protect the metal surfaces against macromolecular interferents while selectively allowing the infusion of small target molecules. In addition, densely packed Au nanostructures are produced in situ in the 3D mesh of the hydrogel skin via electrodeposition, which effectively captures targets into dense plasmonic nanogaps, providing rapid and ultrasensitive molecular detection. The synergistic influence of the size‐selective permeability of the hydrogel skin and the in situ formation of hotspots enables the direct, highly sensitive detection of pyocyanin dissolved in an aqueous solution of bovine serum albumin and human serum. It is believed that the new nanocomposite materials and techniques will enable rapid and affordable SERS‐based on‐site analysis and point‐of‐care testing.
Single Pulse Manipulations in Synthetic Time‐Frequency Space
Authors: Li Guangzhen , Yu Danying , Yuan Luqi , Chen Xianfeng
Published: November 2021

Synthetic dimensions in photonic structures provide unique opportunities for actively manipulating light in multiple degrees of freedom. Here, a dispersive waveguide under the dynamic phase modulation is theoretically explored, which supports single pulse manipulations in the synthetic (2+1) dimensions. Compared with the counterpart of the conventional (2+1) space‐time, temporal diffraction and frequency conversion in a synthetic time‐frequency space are demonstrated while the pulse evolves along the spatial dimension. It is found that a rich set of pulse propagation behaviors can be achieved by introducing the effective non‐uniform gauge potential for photons in the synthetic time‐frequency space with the control of the modulation phase, including confined pulse propagation, fast/slow light, and pulse compression. With the additional nonperiodic oscillation subject to the effective force along the frequency axis of light, this work provides an exotic approach for actively manipulating the single pulse in both temporal and spectral domains, which shows the great promise for applications of the pulse processing and optical communications in integrated photonics.
Postpolymerization Modification: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis and Function Tuning of Stimuli‐Responsive Polymers
Authors: Chen Xu , Michinobu Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2021

Stimuli‐responsive polymers are a type of functional polymers showing a change in their physicochemical properties in response to external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, and electrochemical potential application, and they can be used in biosensors, biomedicine, and separation technology. Postmodification of polymers plays an important role in designing stimuli‐responsive polymers in terms of their synthesis, tuning of their thermoresponsivity, and functionalization. A variety of topological polymer structures, such as a comb, sphere, and dendrimer, can be produced, and the resultant tuning of the transition temperatures and phase types (lower critical solution temperature‐ or upper critical solution temperature‐type) can be achieved. Furthermore, postmodification techniques are employed as a useful tool to functionalize precursor polymers or improve the responsive properties of the polymers, which expands the applicable fields of these polymers. In this review, click chemistry‐related reactions, the esterification reaction, and surface‐initiated polymerization are the focus as efficient postmodification reactions to produce high‐performance stimuli‐responsive polymers.
Mitigation of chloride driven stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of 316L austenitic stainless steel using plasma sprayed TiO2 coating
Authors: Kumar K. , Bhadauria S. S. , Singh A. P.
Published: November 2021

The present study proposes a protective TiO2 coating against chloride driven stress corrosion cracking problem of 316L austenitic stainless steel. To test the performance of the proposed coating, the severe chloride‐based boiling magnesium chloride solution at 155 °C was chosen. For experimentation, the constant strain‐based U‐bend specimens were coated with TiO2 using atmospheric plasma spray method. The results indicated higher resistance by TiO2 coated specimens against stress corrosion cracking problem, while the bare specimens experienced severe damage in the boiling magnesium chloride solution under various strain loading configurations. The coating‐electrolyte system of TiO2 coated sample demonstrated over seven times higher resistance, eventually led to reduction in corrosion rate over fifteen times compared to the bare 316L stainless steel in the boiling magnesium chloride solution. This improved performance of the coated 316L stainless steel is attributed to inhibition of outward diffusion of iron‐chromium‐nickel in the corrosive environment and the high chemical stability of TiO2.
Heat transfer analysis of MHD viscous fluid in a ciliated tube with entropy generation
Authors: Akbar Noreen Sher , Akhtar Salman , Maraj Ehnber N. , Anqi Ali E. , Homod Raad Z.
Published: November 2021

This investigation aims to explain the study of heat transfer and entropy generation of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) viscous fluid flowing through a ciliated tube. Heat transfer study has massive importance in various biomedical and biological industry problems. The metachronal wave propagation is the leading cause behind this viscous creeping flow. A low Reynolds number is used as the inertial forces are weaker than viscous forces, and also, creeping flow limitations are fulfilled. For the cilia movement, a very large wavelength of a metachronal wave is taken into account. Entropy generation is used to examine the heat transfer through the flow. Numerical solutions are calculated by using MATHEMATICA. Exact mathematical solutions are calculated and analyzed with the help of graphs. Streamlines are also plotted. An axially symmetric flow as well as temperature profile is revealed through the graphical solutions. Both velocity and temperature profiles attain maximum value in the center of this ciliated tube that eventually declines toward the boundaries.
Asymptotic behavior of the coupled Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger systems on compact manifolds
Authors: Bortot César A. , Souza Thales M. , Zanchetta Janaina P.
Published: November 2021

This paper is concerned with a 2‐dimensional Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger system subject to two types of locally distributed damping on a compact Riemannian manifold
without boundary. Making use of unique continuation property, the observability inequalities, and the smoothing effect due to Aloui, we obtain exponential stability results.
A Laplace substitution method of space‐time fractional order including jumbled partial derivatives
Authors: Arafa Anas , Hanafy Ibrahim , Hagag Ahmed
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we present new approximate solutions to some linear and nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs), which include mixed partial derivatives using Laplace substitution method (LSM). This method is entirely based on the well‐known Laplace transform and Adomian polynomial. Looking at several studies, we find that the results obtained from this technique converge well with the exact solutions.
Selective outcome reporting across psychopharmacotherapy randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lancee Michelle , Schuring Marleen , Tijdink Joeri K. , Chan An‐Wen , Vinkers Christiaan H. , Luykx Jurjen J.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Selective reporting impairs the valid interpretation of trials and leads to bias with regards to the clinical evidence. We aimed to examine factors associated with selective reporting in psychopharmacotherapy trials and thus enable solutions to prevent such selective reporting in the future.

Methods

We retrieved all registry records of trials investigating medication for depressive, bipolar and psychotic disorders. Multivariate logistic regression was performed with selective reporting as outcome, and funding source, psychiatric disorder, year of study start date, participating centers, and anticipated sample size as explanatory variables, after testing for multicollinearity. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated. Two‐sided Fisher exact test was used to compare the proportions of newly added positive primary outcomes with the proportions of positive results in the overall group of primary outcomes.

Results

Of 151 included trials (N = 94,303 participants), 21 (14%) showed irregularities between registered and published primary outcomes. Higher odds of such irregularities were associated with non‐industry‐funded RCTs (AOR 5.3; p = 0.014) and trials investigating major depressive disorder (AOR 12.7; p = 0.024) or schizophrenia (AOR 14.5; p = 0.016; Table 1).

Conclusion

We demonstrate discrepancies between trial registrations and publications across RCTs investigating debilitating psychiatric disorders, especially in non‐industry funded RCTs.
Small fiber neuropathy associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Abrams Rory M. C. , Simpson David M. , Navis Allison , Jette Nathalie , Zhou Lan , Shin Susan C.
Published: November 2021

Introduction/Aims

The development and persistence of neurological symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is referred to as “long‐haul” syndrome. We aimed to determine whether small fiber neuropathy (SFN) was associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

Methods

We retrospectively studied the clinical features and outcomes of patients who were referred to us between May 2020 and May 2021 for painful paresthesia and numbness that developed during or after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and who had nerve conduction studies showing no evidence of a large fiber polyneuropathy.

Results

We identified 13 patients, Eight women and five men with age ranging from 38–67 y. Follow‐up duration ranged from 8 to 12 mo. All patients developed new‐onset paresthesias within 2 mo following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with an acute onset in seven and co‐existing autonomic symptoms in seven. Three patients had pre‐existing but controlled neuropathy risk factors. Skin biopsy confirmed SFN in six, all of whom showed both neuropathy symptoms and signs, and two also showed autonomic dysfunction by autonomic function testing (AFT). Of the remaining seven patients who had normal skin biopsies, six showed no clinical neuropathy signs and one exhibited signs and had abnormal AFT. Two patients with markedly reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber densities and one with normal skin biopsy had severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19); the remainder experienced mild COVID‐19 symptoms. Nine patients received symptomatic neuropathy treatment with paresthesias controlled in seven (77.8%).

Discussion

Our findings suggest that symptoms of SFN may develop during or shortly after COVID‐19. SFN may underlie the paresthesias associated with long‐haul post‐COVID‐19 symptoms.
Current approaches to management of bone sarcoma in adolescent and young adult patients
Authors: Ingley Katrina M. , Maleddu Alessandra , Grange Franel Le , Gerrand Craig , Bleyer Archie , Yasmin Ephia , Whelan Jeremy , Strauss Sandra J.
Published: November 2021

Bone tumors are a group of histologically diverse diseases that occur across all ages. Two of the commonest, osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES), are regarded as characteristic adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers with an incidence peak in AYAs. They are curable for some but associated with unacceptably high rates of treatment failure and morbidity. The introduction of effective new therapeutics for bone sarcomas is slow, and to date, complex biology has been insufficiently characterized to allow more rapid therapeutic exploitation. This review focuses on current standards of care, recent advances that have or may soon change that standard of care and challenges to the expert clinical research community that we suggest must be met.
Lung cancer symptom appraisal, help‐seeking and diagnosis – rapid systematic review of differences between patients with and without a smoking history
Authors: van Os Sandra , Syversen Aron , Whitaker Katriina L. , Quaife Samantha L. , Janes Sam M. , Jallow Mbasan , Black Georgia
Published: November 2021

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. A significant minority of lung cancer patients have never smoked (14% in the UK, and ranging from 10% to 25% worldwide). Current evidence suggests that never‐smokers encounter delays during the diagnostic pathway, yet it is unclear how their experiences and reasons for delayed diagnoses differ from those of current and former smokers. This rapid review assessed literature about patient experiences in relation to symptom awareness and appraisal, help‐seeking, and the lung cancer diagnostic pathway, comparing patients with and without a smoking history.

Methods

MEDLINE, PsychINFO and Google Scholar were searched for studies (2010‐2020) that investigated experiences of the pathway to diagnosis for patients with and without a smoking history. Findings are presented using a narrative synthesis.

Results

Analysis of seven quantitative and three qualitative studies revealed that some delays during symptom appraisal and diagnosis are unique to never‐smokers. Due to the strong link between smoking and lung cancer, and low awareness of non‐smoking related lung cancer risk factors and symptoms, never‐smokers do not perceive themselves to be at risk. Never‐smokers are also likely to evaluate their experiences in comparison with other non‐smoking related cancers, where prognosis is likely better, potentially leading to lower satisfaction with healthcare.

Conclusion

Never‐smokers appear to have different experiences in relation to symptom appraisal and diagnosis. However, evidence in relation to help‐seeking, and what is driving diagnostic delays for never‐smoker patients specifically is lacking.
Molecular investigation of the tandem Tudor domain and plant homeodomain histone binding domains of the epigenetic regulator UHRF2
Authors: Ginnard Shane M. , Winkler Alyssa E. , Mellado Fritz Carlos , Bluhm Tatum , Kemmer Ray , Gilliam Marisa , Butkevich Nick , Abdrabbo Sara , Bricker Kaitlyn , Feiler Justin , Miller Isaak , Zoerman Jenna , El‐Mohri Zeineb , Khuansanguan Panida , Basch Madyson , Petzold Timothy , Kostoff Matthew , Konopka Sean , Kociba Brendon , Gillis Thomas , Heyl Deborah L. , Trievel Raymond C. , Albaugh Brittany N.
Published: November 2021

Ubiquitin‐like containing PHD and ring finger (UHRF)1 and UHRF2 are multidomain epigenetic proteins that play a critical role in bridging crosstalk between histone modifications and DNA methylation. Both proteins contain two histone reader domains, called tandem Tudor domain (TTD) and plant homeodomain (PHD), which read the modification status on histone H3 to regulate DNA methylation and gene expression. To shed light on the mechanism of histone binding by UHRF2, we have undergone a detailed molecular investigation with the TTD, PHD and TTD‐PHD domains and compared the binding activity to its UHRF1 counterpart. We found that unlike UHRF1 where the PHD is the primary binding contributor, the TTD of UHRF2 has modestly higher affinity toward the H3 tail, while the PHD has a weaker binding interaction. We also demonstrated that like UHRF1, the aromatic amino acids within the TTD are important for binding to H3K9me3 and a conserved aspartic acid within the PHD forms an ionic interaction with R2 of H3. However, while the aromatic amino acids in the TTD of UHRF1 contribute to selectivity, the analogous residues in UHRF2 contribute to both selectivity and affinity. We also discovered that the PHD of UHRF2 contains a distinct asparagine in the H3R2 binding pocket that lowers the binding affinity of the PHD by reducing a potential electrostatic interaction with the H3 tail. Furthermore, we demonstrate the PHD and TTD of UHRF2 cooperate to interact with the H3 tail and that dual domain engagement with the H3 tail relies on specific amino acids. Lastly, our data indicate that the unique stretch region in the TTD of UHRF2 can decrease the melting temperature of the TTD‐PHD and represents a disordered region. Thus, these subtle but important mechanistic differences are potential avenues for selectively targeting the histone binding interactions of UHRF1 and UHRF2 with small molecules.