bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Current Evolution of Slavic Languages in Central and Eastern Europe in the Context of the EU Multilingualism Policy
Authors: Sosnowski Wojciech Paweł , Bonnard Pascal
Published: January 2016

The Current Evolution of Slavic Languages in Central and Eastern Europe in the Context of the EU Multilingualism PolicyThe respect for and protection of cultural and linguistic diversity have long been guaranteed in various international and European legislative acts. More recently, the European Union has also developed laws aimed at the preservation and promotion of multilingualism. Linguistic diversity has long been seen as an obstacle to the effective functioning of EU institutions. Recently, however, it has been considered as a valuable “heritage” of the EU.In our article, we will present a brief overview of policies promoting multilingualism in Europe, and more specifically, in the EU. Subsequently, we will compare this framework to the changes occurring presently in modern Slavic languages of Central and Eastern Europe. The tendency of these languages towards increased analitism transforms these predominantly synthetic languages into more analytical ones. These conclusions have led us to the following question: What is the current state of modern Slavic languages and how far may their evolution be addressed by policies promoting multilingualism? Our analysis consists of two parts: first, we scrutinised various European legislative acts promoting multilingualism; second, we analysed modern Slavic languages by means of the parallel corpora of chosen languages from the Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure project (including UNESCO and EU legislation, etc.).
Stratégies discursives et communicationnelles de persuasion dans les genres journalistiques d'opinion: le cas des critiques de cinéma
Authors: Topa-Bryniarska Dominika
Published: January 2016

Discursive and communicative strategies of persuasion in opinion forming media: the case of film reviewsThis study aims at analysing the discourse as a way of using language for specific purposes. On the basis of a corpus consisting of forty reviews of the French comedy Intouchables (2011) selected from various film magazines and web pages, the author offers a reflection on the nature and functions of the genre “film review”. Thus, different invariant elements of the mentioned genre can be established in the light of discursive and communicative strategies whose persuasive dimension is connected both with the presence of informative and evaluative elements about the film and the situation of the participants. Thanks to the described strategies, activating various kinds of hidden and connotative meaning i.e. implications, presuppositions, cultural associations, the journalist contributes to the co-creation of human perception.
Change in Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revised (LSI-OR) Risk Scores Over Time: An Examination of Overall Growth Curves and Subscale-Dependent Growth Curves
Authors: Day David M. , Wilson Holly A. , Bodwin Kelly , Monson Candice M.
Published: January 2016

The dynamic nature of risk to re-offend is an important issue in the management of offenders and has stimulated extensive research into dynamic risk factors that can alter an individual’s overall risk to re-offend if addressed. However, few studies have examined the relative importance of these dynamic risk factors, complicating the task of developing case management and treatment plans that will effect the most change. Using a large, high-risk sample and multi-wave data of a common risk assessment tool, the Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revised (LSI-OR), the current study investigated the relationship among criminogenic risk factors and their role in influencing the overall risk score. Results indicated a diverse pattern of effects on the eight subscale scores, specifically suggesting that changes on Procriminal Attitude/Orientation, Criminal History, and Leisure/Recreation subscales resulted in a quicker rate of change to the overall risk score over time. These results suggest that some factors may be driving the change in overall risk and could potentially effect the most change if prioritized for intervention. Practical implications and implications for further research are discussed.
Social Disorganization and Homicide in Recife, Brazil
Authors: Pereira Débora V. S. , Mota Caroline M. M. , Andresen Martin A.
Published: January 2016

In this article, we investigate the determinants of homicide in Recife, Brazil, considering social disorganization theory. Using georeferenced homicide data, 2009-2013, and census data, we analyze homicide in Recife using a spatial regression technique that controls for spatial autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity at the census tract level. Overall, we find that homicide in Recife, Brazil, is characterized by social disorganization theory. Specifically, positive relationships are found for inequality, rented houses, and quantity of people, but negative relationships are found for income, literacy, percentage of married people, water supply, public illumination, the percentage of women responsible for the house, and population density. Overall, we find that social disorganization theory provides an instructive framework for understanding homicide in Recife, Brazil. However, there are specific contexts to Brazil that are different from North American contexts.
Who Are the “Journalism Kids”? Academic Predictors of Journalism Participation in Secondary Schools
Authors: Bobkowski Piotr S. , Cavanah Sarah B. , Miller Patrick R.
Published: January 2016

Prior scholastic journalism research did not adequately address the possibility that journalism students perform better academically because of their backgrounds and inherent abilities. Using Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 data, this study shows that high school journalism attracts better students. Although for-credit and extracurricular programs differentiate journalism student characteristics, journalism students generally tend to have greater English self-efficacy, higher English grade point average, greater involvement in schools, be female and White, or have a higher socioeconomic background than those who do not participate in journalism. Future assessments of journalism’s contribution to academic achievement should account for students’ pre-journalism characteristics.
Recruiting African American Churches to Participate in Research
Authors: Whitt-Glover Melicia C. , Borden Shanice L. , Alexander Dayna S. , Kennedy Betty M. , Goldmon Moses V.
Published: January 2016

Physical activity among African Americans (AA) is low; effective intervention strategies are needed. Community-based settings are useful for delivering health-related interventions in racial/ethnic minority communities. This article describes strategies used to recruit churches for participation in a 22-month intervention designed to increase physical activity levels in AA women. Initial recruitment efforts, led by AA study staff, included direct mailers, phone calls, and in-person meetings with church representatives. After 10 months, only five churches were enrolled. Seven community members with existing partnerships/contacts in the faith community were subsequently hired and an additional 26 churches were enrolled within 6 months. Overall response rate was 45%, and churches required 3.5 ± 3.0 months of multiple contacts prior to enrollment. The main primary contacts within churches were individuals with personal interest in the program and pastors. Prior relationship between the research team and churches did not appear to influence church enrollment as much as community member recruiters. The current study identifies several potential strategies that may be useful for increasing success in efforts to recruit AA churches into studies. Additional research is warranted that tests and compares a variety of recruitment strategies to determine the most successful strategies for recruitment in different populations.
Responsive Leadership in Social Services
Authors: Lewis Sarah
Published: January 2016

Responsive Leadership in Social Services: A Practical Approach for Optimizing Engagement and Performance emphasizes the importance of effective supervision as a key component of quality leadership. The Responsive Leadership Approach considers employee needs, values, goals, and strengths to optimize worker performance. It is posited that when leaders integrate and operationalize the meaning embedded in the “employee story,” they improve employee engagement and work performance as well as advance their own leadership ability. Discovery tools such as the Key Performance Motivators Scale, Preferred Leadership Profile, and Strengths Index are provided. The impact of operationalizing important values and using a strengths-based approach on organizational climate and employee morale is explored. Active listening and empathic response are discussed as practical methods to discover employee meaning. Techniques for dealing with “difficult” employees and undesirable attitudes and behaviors are described. This book is a valuable resource for developing the leadership capacities of first-time and experienced health and social services supervisors.
A tudománymetria törvényalkotó „úttörői”
Authors: Schubert András , Schubert Gábor
Published: January 2016

The three much cited laws of scientometrics are the laws of Bradford, Lotka and Zipf. The authors briefly review the scientific career of the men behind the names, and that how they discovered the laws named after them. An outline is also given of the scientific aftermath of the laws and of the oeuvre of their eponym. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(2), 74–78.
Oropharyngealis humán papillomavírus ritka előfordulása cervicalis laesióval rendelkező nőkben. Előzetes eredmények dél-magyarországi vizsgálat alapján
Authors: Vanya Melinda , Jakó Mária , Terhes Gabriella , Szakács László , Kaiser László , Deák Judit , Bártfai György
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Although the natural history of cervical and oral human papillomavirus infection has been intensively investigated in the past years, the ability of this virus to infect oral and genital mucosae in the same individual and its potential to co-infect both cervical and oral mucosa are still unclear. Aim: The aim of the authors was to assess the presence of oropharyngeal human papillomavirus infection in women with cervical lesions in the South-Eastern Hungarian population. Method: The total of 103 women have been included in the study between March 1, 2013 and January 1, 2015. Brushing was used to collect cells from the oropharyngeal mucosa. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction, and Amplicor line blot Test was used for genotyping. Results: Oropharyngeal human papillomavirus infection was detected in 2 cases (3%). The detected genotypes were 31, 40/61 and 73 in the oropharyngeal region. Conclusions: The results indicate that in women with cervical lesions oropharyngeal human papillomavirus infection rarely occurs. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(2), 70–73.
Tapasztalatok és motiváltság: magyar középiskolások véleménye az egészségvédő programokról
Authors: Feith Helga Judit , Melicher Dóra , Máthé Gábor , Gradvohl Edina , Füzi Rita , Darvay Sarolta , Hajdú Zsófia , Nagyné Horváth Emília , Soósné Kiss Zsuzsanna , Bihariné Krekó Ilona , Földvári-Nagy Lászlóné Lenti Katalin , Molnár Edit , Szalainé Tóth Tünde , Urbán Veronika , Kassay Adrienn , Falus András
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Health-related attitudes can be encouraged most effectively at young ages. Young generations would require more interactive methods in programs engaged in health promotion. Aim: The aim of the authors was to get an insight into the attitudes, experience and motivation of youngsters in connection with health promotion programs and the community service work. Method: The questionnaires were filled in by high school students studying in Budapest and in the countryside (N = 898). Results: 44.4% of the students did not have lessons or extracurricular activities dealing with health promotion. Concerning health promotion programs, youngsters in Budapest had more positive experience, while female students showed a more adoptive attitude. Conclusions: It was concluded that in one of the most susceptible life stages, many youngsters either do not participate in programs dealing with health promotion, or participate in programs that are within the framework of school subjects or extracurricular activities building on traditional teaching methods. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(2), 65–69.
A chylothorax modern kezelésének bizonyítékalapú áttekintése
Authors: Sziklavári Zsolt , Zsoldos Péter , Molnár F. Tamás
Published: January 2016

Chylothorax is a multi-factorial complication, frequently of an operation or an accident, but rarely of a tumour. In the absence of prospective or randomised studies evidence-based treatment is normally based on personal experience, ideally in the possession of retrospective analyses using the “best practice” method. The aim of the authors was the review the up-to-date chylothorax treatments. They performed the PubMed database’s “chylothorax” keyword search of the publications reported in the last ten years. They put emphasis on articles that included a comparative analysis of the various treatment options. During the critical analysis of the methods and recommendations, the authors relied on their own joint experience amounting to 39 years. The results showed that the success of the initial conservative treatment indicates a significant deviation depending on the etiology (3–90%). The success rate of non-invasive or semi-invasive interventions is between 50–100%, again depending on the etiology. The standard surgical treatment following an unsuccessful conservative treatment of an operable patient includes the fitting of a (thoracoscopic) knot to the ductus thoracicus, pleurodesis, insertion of a permanent chest drain or a pleuroperitoneal shunt. The success rate of these interventions is between 64–100%, with a morbidity index and mortality index exceeding 25%. Conservative treatment should be the first step, which should then be followed by a gradually increased aggressive therapy, during which the decisions should be made according to the patient’s condition and the drain volume. Interventional radiology procedures are safe, successful and they can be offered concurrently with a conservative treatment or operational solutions, although they are available only in a few centres. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(2), 43–51.
A cone-beam komputertomográfia alkalmazása a fül-orr-gégészeti képalkotásban
Authors: Perényi Ádám , Bella Zsolt , Baráth Zoltán , Magyar Péter , Nagy Katalin , Rovó László
Published: January 2016

Accurate diagnosis and preoperative planning in modern otorhinolaryngology is strongly supported by imaging with enhanced visualization. Computed tomography is often used to examine structures within bone frameworks. Given the hazards of ionizing radiation, repetitive imaging studies exponentially increase the risk of damages to radiosensitive tissues. The authors compare multislice and cone-beam computed tomography and determine the role, advantages and disadvantages of cone-beam computed tomography in otorhinolaryngological imaging. They summarize the knowledge from the international literature and their individual imaging studies. They conclude that cone-beam computed tomography enables high-resolution imaging and reconstruction in any optional plane and in space with considerably lower effective radiation dose. Cone-beam computed tomography with appropriate indications proved to be an excellent diagnostic tool in otorhinolaryngological imaging. It makes an alternative to multislice computed tomography and it is an effective tool in perioperative and postoperative follow-up, especially in those cases which necessitate repetitive imaging with computed tomography. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(2), 52–58.
Intestinalis zsírsavkötő fehérje: az enterocytakárosodás markere akut és krónikus gasztroenterológiai kórképekben
Authors: Kocsis Dorottya , Papp Mária , Tornai Tamás , Tulassay Zsolt , Herszényi László , Tóth Miklós , Juhász Márk
Published: January 2016

Intestinal fatty acid binding protein, a small cytosolic protein abundantly present in mature enterocytes of small and large intestine, has proven to be a sensitive marker for damage to the intestinal epithelium. Upon cellular damage of the enterocyte, intestinal fatty acid binding protein is readily released into the systemic circulation, passes through the glomerular filter and can be detected in the urine. In this review, the authors review studies on the application of this protein as a biomarker in acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(2), 59–64.
SEMG signal acquisition system for muscle fatigue detection
Authors:   , Correa-Figueroa J. L.
Published: January 2016

This paper presents the development of a system for acquiring and processing of surface myoelectric signals or SEMG. The proposed system acquires signals SEMG skin surface using AgCl surface electrodes. The system has an amplification step and hardware filtering to streamline the processing time. Developed software for processing the Fourier transform SEMG amplified and filtered signal. Unlike other systems for acquisition of biological signals, which are developed for therapy or rehabilitation, this system is intended to be used for the control of robotic arms, so the software performs the measurement of fatigue using parameters like bleed average frequency and instantaneous power spectral density of the signal SEMG.
Determining optimal size of HMM-GMM models to classify bio-acoustic signals
Authors:   , Mayorga-Ortiz P.
Published: January 2016

This paper demonstrates the analysis and proposed HMM-GMM models architecture to classify heart and lung sounds (HS and LS) signals to emphasize the model size optimization. Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases continue to represent one of the major worldwide healthcare problems associated with a high mortality rate, which can be reduced by an early and effective diagnosis; in this context, the use of digital tools utilizing signal pattern recognition allows efficient screening for abnormalities and their quantitative assessment. In particular, the HMM-GMM models demonstrated their efficiency in normal and traditionally noisy environments in light of very low intensities of these auscultation signals used as diagnostic indicators. Furthermore, applied MFCC and Quantiles feature extractors improve overall classification. While characterization with silhouettes, dendrograms and algorithms such as BIC was inconclusive when GMM was applied, however, they were used as a starting point in the determination of a size of the model as it allowed a reduction in the number of iterations considering different model size. In addition, one can note that application of MFCC or Quantiles allowed differentiating the characteristics of normal HS and LS from those associated with pathological conditions. Furthermore, it was observed that a large amount of data leads to more robust and adapted models, but does not limit the calculation demand. Overall, this approach may enhance efficiency and precision of the diagnostic screening for abnormal auscultation indicators.
Reference equations for impulse oscillometric and respiratory system model parameters in anglo and hispanic children
Authors:   , Meraz E. G.
Published: January 2016

he Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) has been recognized as a useful diagnostic tool. Previous research by our group has shown that R5 (Resistance at 5 Hz), R5-R20 (frequency dependence of resistance), AX (the "Goldman Triangle'') and the extended Resistor-Inductor-Capacitor (eRIC) model-derived parameter Cp (peripheral Compliance) are reliable measures that track respiratory system function. Here we determined the predictive equations from 112 asthmatic and non-asthmatic Anglo and Hispanic children data, that were previously classified into four groups: Normal, PSAI (Probable Small Airway Impairment), SAI (Small Airway Impairment), and Asthma by using regression analysis of IOS and eRIC model parameters as dependent variables regressed against age, height, and weight. Height showed the greatest correlation with IOS and eRIC model parameters and provided the most significant reference values for these measures in Anglo and Hispanic children. These values could serve as a useful framework for diagnosis, early interventions, and treatment of respiratory diseases in this population.
Methods Of Use Of An Online Economics Textbook
Authors: Miller Jon R. , Baker-Eveleth Lori
Published: January 2016

The rising cost of college textbooks over the last decade provides an opportunity for alternatives. Electronic or online textbooks are an effective substitute to the traditional paper-based textbooks, although students have been slow to transition to the new method. A custom, professor-written online textbook not only addresses the reduction in cost, but also creates a better connection to the material in the course and allows for frequent updates and error corrections. Issues related to reading an online textbook are explored and evidence of methods of student use of the text is provided.
d-Vision: Seeking Excellence Through A Hands On Engineering Multi Discipline Global Internship Program
Authors: Suss Gavin
Published: January 2016

The question is, "What can vision do?" (Fritz, 1989) rather than "What is vision?" Keter's Chairman, Mr.  Sami Sagol's vision is to establish an internship program that will strengthen the competitive edge of the Israeli industry, within the international arena. The program will set new standards of excellence for product development, engineering, technology and design. Mr. Sagol's vision of excellence, in the internship program, has commenced in a process of changing Keter from a conservative industry to a learning organization, which promotes innovation, excellence, and knowledge. His vision has changed Keter.
Protective effect of sulphated polysaccharide from Padina tetrastromatica (Dictyotaceae) on thromboembolism
Authors: Mohsin Sulaiman , Mahadevan R , Sumayya A.S. , Kurup G. Muraleedhara
Published: January 2016

Even though anti thrombotic effects have been reported with polysaccharides isolated from various marine algae of dictyotaceae, containing uronic acid as the main constituent. But a new polysaccharide was isolated from a species of marine algae from the Kerala coast with a composition different from those reported so far. The antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of polysaccharides from Padina tetrastromatica were investigated on platelet aggregation in vitro and on pulmonary thrombosis in vivo. The polysaccharide fractions showed concentration dependent inhibitory effects on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Using an in vivo mouse thrombotic model in which mice were challenged with an intravenous injection of collagen and epinephrine mixture, oral administration of the polysaccharide prior to the injection produced a significant inhibition of thrombotic death or paralysis. Aspirin showed a significant inhibition of thrombotic death similar to polysaccharide of higher dose. Polysaccharide fractions showed significant prolongation of mouse tail bleeding time. The present findings showed clear evidence of protection against thromboembolism and had good antithrombotic activity. Available data obtained by in vitro models suggest that there is a correlation between the sulfate content and antithrombotic activity.
Evaluation of the effects of varying the water velocity at the entrance of the contact zone on the performance of a dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit using the image analysis method
Authors: Anderson Maia Kisner , Reali Marco Antonio Penalva , Pioltine André
Published: January 2016

For a more efficient design of dissolved air flotation (DAF) units, it is important to deepen our knowledge of the role that each constituent part plays with regard to overall performance. The velocity control of the flocculated water at the entrance (Ve) of the contact zone of DAF units is important because the degree of agitation in this region may affect the size of the flocs and the efficiency of the flotation process. This article shows the results of an experimental study conducted to verify the influence of Ve (and its associated average velocity gradient, Ge) on the performance of a DAF pilot plant (DAFPP) fed with synthetic water. Two different coagulation conditions of the same raw synthetic water were tested, and 11 assays with different Ve values for each condition were performed. The floc size distribution curves regarding two limit situations, the lowest and the highest Ve values, were obtained by using an appropriate image analysis method. The best results were obtained for Ve values ranging from 125 to180 m·h−1, and for Ve values outside this range, the decrease in DAFPP performance was not as substantial as expected.
Anaphora and Notions of Command
Authors: McCawley James
Published: January 2016

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984)
Joint Joking: Improvisational Humorous Episodes in Conversation
Authors: Davies Catherine
Published: January 2016

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984)
On the Weightlessness of Syllable Onsets
Authors: Hyman Larry M.
Published: January 2016

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984)
On the Structure of Phonetic Categories
Authors: Jaeger Jeri J. , Ohala John J.
Published: January 2016

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984)
Academic Speaking
Authors: Chafe Wallace
Published: January 2016

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Interacting Semantic Systems: Mixtec Expressions of Location
Authors: Brugman, Macaulay Claudia, Monica
Published: January 2016

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From Preposition to Copula
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt
Published: January 2016

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Abstract Motion
Authors: Langacker Ronald W.
Published: January 2016

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Interpretation Under Ambiguity
Authors: Norvig Peter
Published: January 2016

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What's become of derivations? Defaults and Invocations
Authors: Zwicky Arnold M.
Published: January 2016

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Phonetic Laws and Grammatical Categories
Authors: Emeneau M. B.
Published: January 2016

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Information structure as a consequence of word order type
Authors: Herring Susan C.
Published: January 2016

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Mental experience verbs in Modern Greek: A cognitive explanation for active versus middle voice
Authors: Manney Linda
Published: January 2016

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Information structure and the scope of sentential negation
Authors: Vallduvi Enric
Published: January 2016

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Rethinking Power and Solidarity in Gender and Dominance
Authors: Tannen Deborah
Published: January 2016

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The two-directional tone melody spread in Sukuma
Authors: Batibo Herman M.
Published: January 2016

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High Tone Shift in KiNyamwezi
Authors: Schadeberg Thilo C.
Published: January 2016

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Point of View and Prospective Aspect
Authors: Emanatian Michele
Published: January 2016

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Argument Structure and Absolute Prominence Theory
Authors: Chung Taegoo
Published: January 2016

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On the interaction of grammar components in Lakhota: Evidence from split intransitivity
Authors: Legendre Geraldine , Rood David S.
Published: January 2016

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prosody drives the syntax: O'odham Rhythm
Authors: Fitzgerald Colleen M.
Published: January 2016

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Table of Contents
Authors: Editors BLS
Published: January 2016

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The interaction of the binding principles and the chinese reflexive taziji
Authors: Da Jun
Published: January 2016

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Some mysteries in the reconstruction of proto-Yuman
Authors: Langdon Margaret
Published: January 2016

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Sound symbolism in the history of an Algonkian semantic domain
Authors: Rhodes Richard
Published: January 2016

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Examples of Unsustainable Tourism in Middle East
Authors: Riasi Arash , Pourmiri Shirin
Published: January 2016

Tourism industry is growing at phenomenal rates and in most cases this growth is associated with irreversible damages to the environment and tourist attractions. It is crucial for the tourism industry to grow sustainably in order to reduce these adverse effects. This paper tries to introduce different examples of unsustainable expansion of tourism industry and the effects of these activities on environment and tourist attractions. The paper discusses disparate examples ranging from natural tourist attractions to historical tourist attractions.
The Reliability and Validity of the Scale of Professional Problems Perception: A Research on Social Worker
Authors: Karaca Erol , Karaca Nuray Gokcek
Published: January 2016

This study sought to develop a Likert type scale which is valid and reliable in order to investigate the professional problems of social workers. The research was carried out with 98 social workers, emypoled in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, Eskisehir, Trabzon, Samsun, Diyarbakir, Konya, Karaman, Kayseri, Aydin, Hatay, Elazig, Yozgat, Corum, Amasya, Yalova, Kutahya, Duzce, Bolu, Karabuk, Tekirdag, Sakarya provinces of Turkey, in 2014. The data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of two sections, developed to determine the social workers’ professional problems. The first part contains demographic and personal information, consisting of items about the gender, age, marital status, status, managerial positions, the type of institution, provincial aspects, social work experience, branch, income level, satisfaction level of social work, income level sufficiency, future confidence perception, compatibility with the profession in terms of personal characteristics, perceptions of syndication. The second part includes 40 expressions related to professional problems of social workers on a 3-point Likert-type scale consisting of 3 choices, from 1 = Disagree to 3 = Strongly Agree. The accumulated data was analyzed with factor analysis by using SPSS. The findings of the study revealed that the scale is valid and reliable. Results of the research show that regardless of their position, duty, rank or gender, social workers all concur on the fact that the rights provided them are insufficient and they run into problems that can be categorized as ‘working conditions and social rights’, ‘working method’, ‘professional identity’, ‘professional execution conditions’, ‘employment and promotion policies’, ‘professional organization’ and ‘vocational ıntegration’.
Examining the intention to cruise again sooner rather than later
Authors: Mahadevan Renuka
Published: January 2016

This article identifies temporal differences in the factors that influence a cruise passenger’s intention to cruise again in the short-, medium- and long-term. Using a sample of Australian cruisers, the reputation of a cruise line and indulging in interesting and different ship activities are found to be weakly influential, while satisfaction from past cruises and educational cruises are important factors in the choice to cruise again in the short-term. But variety in ports of call and cruise destinations, recent frequent past trips and recommended cruises influence cruising again in the medium-term. While first-time cruisers are not likely to cruise again in the short-term, neither are those looking for a sense of exoticism and adventure, and wanting to go to places not accessible by land. These findings have implications for the effective targeting of marketing and advertising, keeping in mind the time frame of the likely intentions to cruise again.
Non-linear models for tourism demand forecasting
Authors: Saayman Andrea , Botha Ilsé
Published: January 2016

Quantitative methods for forecasting tourist arrivals can be subdivided into causal methods and non-causal methods. Non-causal time series methods remain popular tourism forecasting tools due to the accuracy of their forecasting ability and general ease of use. Since tourist arrivals exhibit seasonality, Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models are often found to be the most accurate. However, these models assume that the time series is linear. This article compares the baseline seasonal Naïve and SARIMA forecasts of a seasonal tourist destination faced with a structural break in the data with alternative non-linear methods, with the aim of determining the accuracy of the various methods. These methods include the unobserved components model, smooth transition autoregressive model and singular spectrum analysis. The results show that the non-linear forecasts outperform the other methods. The linear methods show some superiority in short-term forecasts when there are no structural changes in the time series.
On the carrying capacity and the optimal number of visitors in tourism destinations
Authors: Marsiglio Simone
Published: January 2016

Tourism specialization on the one hand may be a successful tool to achieve fast economic growth, and, on the other hand, may be detrimental for natural resources. Finding the right balance between economic benefits and environmental costs is essential to reach sustainable development, ensuring that tourist numbers do not exceed the carrying capacity of the tourism destination. In this context, the author analyses the determination of the optimal number of visitors in a tourism-based economy and shows that if the tourist number is optimally determined long-run sustainable growth will be possible. He also shows that the optimal number of tourists is strictly smaller than the carrying capacity of the tourism destination, and that such a condition is vital to achieve long-run growth.
Efficient CRISPR/Cas9‐Based Genome Engineering in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Kime Cody , Mandegar Mohammad A. , Srivastava Deepak , Yamanaka Shinya , Conklin Bruce R. , Rand Tim A.
Published: January 2016

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPS cells) are rapidly emerging as a powerful tool for biomedical discovery. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS cells) with human embryonic stem (hES)–cell‐like properties has led to hPS cells with disease‐specific genetic backgrounds for in vitro disease modeling and drug discovery as well as mechanistic and developmental studies. To fully realize this potential, it will be necessary to modify the genome of hPS cells with precision and flexibility. Pioneering experiments utilizing site‐specific double‐strand break (DSB)–mediated genome engineering tools, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator–like effector nucleases (TALENs), have paved the way to genome engineering in previously recalcitrant systems such as hPS cells. However, these methods are technically cumbersome and require significant expertise, which has limited adoption. A major recent advance involving the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) endonuclease has dramatically simplified the effort required for genome engineering and will likely be adopted widely as the most rapid and flexible system for genome editing in hPS cells. In this unit, we describe commonly practiced methods for CRISPR endonuclease genomic editing of hPS cells into cell lines containing genomes altered by insertion/deletion (indel) mutagenesis or insertion of recombinant genomic DNA. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Serum‐derived exosomes from mice with highly metastatic breast cancer transfer increased metastatic capacity to a poorly metastatic tumor
Authors: Gorczynski Reginald M. , Erin Nuray , Zhu Fang
Published: January 2016

Altered interaction between CD200 and CD200R represents an example of “checkpoint blockade” disrupting an effective, tumor‐directed, host response in murine breast cancer cells. In CD200R1KO mice, long‐term cure of EMT6 breast cancer, including metastatic spread to lung and liver, was achieved in BALB/c mice. The reverse was observed with 4THM tumors, an aggressive, inflammatory breast cancer, with increased tumor metastasis in CD200R1KO. We explored possible explanations for this difference. We measured the frequency of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood of tumor bearers, as well as lung/liver and draining lymph nodes. In some cases mice received infusions of exosomes from nontumor controls, or tumor bearers, with/without additional infusions of anticytokine antibodies. The measured frequency of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood was equivalent in the two models in WT and CD200R1KO mice. Increased metastasis in EMT6 tumor bearers was seen in vivo following adoptive transfer of serum, or serum‐derived exosomes, from 4THM tumor bearers, an effect which was attenuated by anti‐IL‐6, and anti‐IL‐17, but not anti‐TNFα, antibody. Anti‐IL‐6 also attenuated enhanced migration of EMT6 cells in vitro induced by 4THM serum or exosomes, or recombinant IL‐6. Exosome cytokine proteomic profiles responses in 4THM and EMT6 tumor‐bearing mice were regulated by CD200:CD200R interactions, with attenuation of both IL‐6 and IL‐17 in 4THM CD200tg mice, and enhanced levels in 4THM CD200R1KO mice. We suggest these cytokines act on the microenvironment at sites within the host, and/or directly on tumor cells themselves, to increase metastatic potential.
Learning Together: A Collaborative Autoethnographic Exploration of STEAM (STEM + the Arts) Education
Authors: Sochacka Nicola W. , Guyotte Kelly. W. , Walther Joachim
Published: January 2016

Background

There is a growing interest in STEAM (STEM + the Arts) education as a means to enhance the creativity of STEM students and broaden interest in STEM fields. Many art educators, however, object to the instrumental justification for study in the arts as a way to improve student performance in other areas.

Purpose

Drawing on the first two authors' engagement in an interdisciplinary design studio, this study develops an expanded view of how STEAM might enrich engineering education in ways that more closely align with the pedagogical commitments of the arts.

Design/Method

This article is written as a collaborative autoethnography between the first two authors, educators in environmental engineering and art education, respectively. The study is grounded in the educational philosophy of arts advocate Maxine Greene, who views learning as an active, collaborative search for meaning, “wide‐awakeness,” and social change.

Results

Our dialogue reveals the potential for STEAM to provide students and educators with opportunities to explore personally relevant connections between materials, design, society, and the natural environment and to critically engage with implicit and explicit facets of disciplinary identity.

Conclusions

This view of STEAM simultaneously complements and challenges current conceptions of this emerging educational movement that, almost without exception, are underpinned by calls for competitive economic growth and technological development. We hope future research will build on our perspectives to continue a conversation about STEAM that considers the diverse contributions of, and mutual benefits to, all parties involved.
Peplau’s Model in Action
Authors: Simpson Howard
Published: January 2016

The skill of interaction is the main theme of this book. Experienced nurses all say that caring for someone involves doing things for, and being able to relate to, that person. This book looks at the use of the model in modern nursing practice, and shows how the building of the nurse-patient interpersonal relationship is in itself an essential professional skill.
The Royal Sign and Visual Literacy in Eighteenth-Century London
Authors: Koscak Stephanie
Published: January 2016

This article argues that the commercialization of monarchical culture is more complex than existing scholarship suggests. It explores the aesthetic dimensions of regal culture produced outside of the traditionally defined sphere of art and politics by focusing on the variety of royal images and symbols depicted on hanging signs in eighteenth-century London. Despite the overwhelming presence of kings and queens on signboards, few study these as a form of regal visual culture or seriously question the ways in which these everyday objects affected representations of royalty beyond asserting an unproblematic process of declension. Indeed, even in the Restoration and early eighteenth century, monarchical signs were the subject of criticism and debate. This article explains why this became the case, arguing that signs were criticized not because they were trivial commercial objects that cheapened royal charisma, but because they were overloaded with political meaning. They emblematized the failures of representation in the age of print and party politics by depicting the monarchy—the traditional center of representative stability—in ways that troubled interpretation and defied attempts to control the royal image. Nevertheless, regal images and objects circulating in urban spaces comprised a meaningful political-visual language that challenges largely accepted arguments about the aesthetic inadequacy and cultural unimportance of early eighteenth-century monarchy. Signs were part of an urban, graphic public sphere, used as objects of political debate, historical commemoration, and civic instruction.
Robert Clive, the ‘Black Jagir’, and British Politics
Authors: Lenman Bruce , Lawson Philip
Published: January 2016

Two points may be safely made about biographies of Robert Clive. One is that the first adequately documented biography, by Sir John Malcolm, published in 1836, has never really been superseded, because it was solidly based on family papers made available by Lord Powis. The other is that if the modern general reader has any acquaintance with Malcolm’s work it is likely to derive from the sonorous prose of the oft-reprinted review which Lord Macaulay originally published in the Edinburgh Review in January 1840. This magisterial apportionment of praise and blame does not invite the criticism which H. W. C. Davis levelled at Macaulay’s equally celebrated essay on Warren Hastings; that it was even doubtful whether Macaulay had read with care the biography of Hastings by the Reverend G. R. Gleig which he purported to review.
Compulsive and Addictive Sexual Disorders and the Family
Authors: Schneider Jennifer P.
Published: January 2016

In the treatment of sexual addiction and compulsivity, the family unit is often neglected. Yet this disorder has a major impact not only on the identified patient, but also on the spouse or partner (the coaddict) and on the family as a whole. Moreover, the family unit is the context in which the sexual addict continues to live, and the mental health of the partner has a significant impact on the sexual addicts recovery. Increasing evidence points to a family history of addiction or dysfunction as a primary contributor to both sexual addiction and coaddiction in adulthood. When compulsive sexual behaviors are present within a family, treatment of both members of the couple improves the couple's relationship as well as the mental health of each partner. In addition, treatment of children in such a family can help break the cycle of sexual addiction and prevent its perpetuation into the next generation.
International Effort Sustains and Develops Climate Data Records
Authors: Kearns Edward , Doutriaux-Boucher Marie
Published: January 2016

SCOPE-CM Meeting; Geneva, Switzerland, 23–24 March 2015
Sonia Esperança and Robin Reichlin Receive 2015 Edward A. Flinn III Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: January 2016

Sonia Esperança and Robin Reichlin received the 2015 Edward A. Flinn III Award at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 16 December 2015 in San Francisco, Calif. The award honors "an individual or small group who personifies the Union's motto 'unselfish cooperation in research' through their facilitating, coordinating, and implementing activities."
World Without Time
Authors: Cowen Ron
Published: January 2016

On New Year's Day 2019, a spacecraft known for its historic flyby of Pluto will take an unprecedented look into the distant past by flying right up to a frozen remnant of the original solar system.
A mix of S and ΔS variants of STAT3 enable survival of activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells in culture
Authors: Zheng M , Turton K B , Zhu F , Li Y , Grindle K M , Annis D S , Lu L , Drennan A C , Tweardy D J , Bharadwaj U , Mosher D F , Rui L
Published: January 2016

Activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL) is characterized by increased expression and activator of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). ABC DLBCL cells require STAT3 for growth in culture. In ABC DLBCL cells, eosinophils and perhaps all cells, four variant STAT3 mRNAs (Sα, ΔSα, Sβ and ΔSβ) are present as a result of two alternative splicing events, one that results in the inclusion of a 55-residue C-terminal transactivation domain (α) or a truncated C-terminal domain with 7 unique residues (β) and a second that includes (S) or excludes (ΔS) the codon for Ser-701 in the linker between the SH2 and C-terminal domains. A substantial literature indicates that both α and β variants are required for optimal STAT3 function, but nothing is known about functions of ΔS variants. We used a knockdown/re-expression strategy to explore whether survival of ABC DLBCL cells requires that the four variants be in an appropriate ratio. No single variant rescued survival as well as STAT3Sα-C, Sα with activating mutations (A661C and N663C) in the SH2 domain. Better rescue was achieved when all four variants were re-expressed or Sα and ΔSα or Sβ and ΔSβ were re-expressed in pairs. Rescue correlated with expression of STAT3-sensitive genes NFKBIA and NFKBIZ. We consider a variety of explanations why a mix of S and ΔS variants of STAT3 should enable survival of ABC DLBCL cells.
Visualization of Assembly Intermediates and Budding Vacuoles of Singapore Grouper Iridovirus in Grouper Embryonic Cells
Authors: Liu Yang , Tran Bich Ngoc , Wang Fan , Ounjai Puey , Wu Jinlu , Hew Choy L.
Published: January 2016

Iridovirid infection is associated with the catastrophic loss in aquaculture industry and the population decline of wild amphibians and reptiles, but none of the iridovirid life cycles have been well explored. Here, we report the detailed visualization of the life cycle of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) in grouper cells by cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) and tomography (ET). EM imaging revealed that SGIV viral particles have an outer capsid layer and the interaction of this layer with cellular plasma membrane initiates viral entry. Subsequent viral replication leads to formation of a viral assembly site (VAS), where membranous structures emerge as precursors to recruit capsid proteins to form an intermediate, double-shell, crescent-shaped structure, which curves to form icosahedral capsids. Knockdown of the major capsid protein eliminates the formation of viral capsids. As capsid formation progresses, electron-dense materials known to be involved in DNA encapsidation accumulate within the capsid until it is fully occupied. Besides the well-known budding mechanism through the cell periphery, we demonstrate a novel budding process in which viral particles bud into a tubular-like structure within vacuoles. This budding process may denote a new strategy used by SGIV to disseminate viral particles into neighbor cells while evading host immune response.