bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Hypertension to Coronary Atherosclerosis and Cardiac Events in Patients With Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Nakanishi Rine , Baskaran Lohendran , Gransar Heidi , Budoff Matthew J. , Achenbach Stephan , Al-Mallah Mouaz , Cademartiri Filippo , Callister Tracy Q. , Chang Hyuk-Jae , Chinnaiyan Kavitha , Chow Benjamin J.W. , DeLago Augustin , Hadamitzky Martin , Hausleiter Joerg , Cury Ricardo , Feuchtner Gudrun , Kim Yong-Jin , Leipsic Jonathon , Kaufmann Philipp A. , Maffei Erica , Raff Gilbert , Shaw Leslee J. , Villines Todd C. , Dunning Allison , Marques Hugo , Pontone Gianluca , Andreini Daniele , Rubinshtein Ronen , Bax Jeroen , Jones Erica , Hindoyan Niree , Gomez Millie , Lin Fay Y. , Min James K. , Berman Daniel S.
Published: June 2017

Hypertension is an atherosclerosis factor and is associated with cardiovascular risk. We investigated the relationship between hypertension and the presence, extent, and severity of coronary atherosclerosis in coronary computed tomographic angiography and cardiac events risk. Of 17 181 patients enrolled in the CONFIRM registry (Coronary CT Angiography Evaluation for Clinical Outcomes: An International Multicenter Registry) who underwent ≥64-detector row coronary computed tomographic angiography, we identified 14 803 patients without known coronary artery disease. Of these, 1434 hypertensive patients were matched to 1434 patients without hypertension. Major adverse cardiac events risk of hypertension and non-hypertensive patients was evaluated with Cox proportional hazards models. The prognostic associations between hypertension and no-hypertension with increasing degree of coronary stenosis severity (nonobstructive or obstructive ≥50%) and extent of coronary artery disease (segment involvement score of 1–5, >5) was also assessed. Hypertension patients less commonly had no coronary atherosclerosis and more commonly had nonobstructive and 1-, 2-, and 3-vessel disease than the no-hypertension group. During a mean follow-up of 5.2±1.2 years, 180 patients experienced cardiac events, with 104 (2.0%) occurring in the hypertension group and 76 (1.5%) occurring in the no-hypertension group (hazard ratios, 1.4; 95% confidence intervals, 1.0–1.9). Compared with no-hypertension patients without coronary atherosclerosis, hypertension patients with no coronary atherosclerosis and obstructive coronary disease tended to have higher risk of cardiac events. Similar trends were observed with respect to extent of coronary artery disease. Compared with no-hypertension patients, hypertensive patients have increased presence, extent, and severity of coronary atherosclerosis and tend to have an increase in major adverse cardiac events.
Mechanisms and Treatment of Halogen Inhalation–Induced Pulmonary and Systemic Injuries in Pregnant Mice
Authors: Lambert James A. , Carlisle Matthew A. , Lam Adam , Aggarwal Saurabh , Doran Stephen , Ren Changchun , Bradley Wayne E. , Dell’Italia Louis , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Ford David A. , Patel Rakesh P. , Jilling Tamas , Matalon Sadis
Published: June 2017

Inhalation of oxidant gases has been implicated in adverse outcomes in pregnancy, but animal models to address mechanisms and studies to identify potential pregnancy-specific therapies are lacking. Herein, we show that inhalation of bromine at 600 parts per million for 30 minutes by pregnant mice on the 15th day of embryonic development results in significantly lower survival after 96 hours than an identical level of exposure in nonpregnant mice. On the 19th embryonic day, bromine-exposed pregnant mice have increased systemic blood pressure, abnormal placental development, severe fetal growth restriction, systemic inflammation, increased levels of circulating antiangiogenic short fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, and evidence of pulmonary and cardiac injury. Treatment with tadalafil, an inhibitor of type 5 phosphodiesterase, by oral gavage 1 hour post-exposure and then once daily thereafter, attenuated systemic blood pressures, decreased inflammation, ameliorated pulmonary and cardiac injury, and improved maternal survival (from 36% to 80%) and fetal growth. These pathological changes resemble those seen in preeclampsia. Nonpregnant mice did not exhibit any of these pathological changes and were not affected by tadalafil. These findings suggest that pregnant women exposed to bromine may require particular attention and monitoring for signs of preeclampsia-like symptoms.
Court-Ordered Finance Reforms in the Adequacy Era: Heterogeneous Causal Effects and Sensitivity
Authors: Candelaria Christopher A. , Shores Kenneth A.
Published: June 2017

We provide new evidence about the effect of court-ordered finance reforms that took place between 1989 and 2010 on per-pupil revenues and graduation rates. We account for heterogeneity in the treated and counterfactual groups to estimate the effect of overturning a state's finance system. Seven years after reform, the highest poverty quartile in a treated state experienced an 11.5 percent to 12.1 percent increase in per-pupil spending, and a 6.8 to 11.5 percentage point increase in graduation rates. We subject the model to various sensitivity tests, which provide upper and lower bounds on the estimates. Estimates range, in most cases, from 6 to 12 percentage points for graduation rates.
A new species of Odontozona Holthuis, 1946 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae) from the Caribbean Sea
Authors: CRIALES MARÍA M. , LEMAITRE RAFAEL
Published: June 2017

A new shallow-water species of the stenopodid shrimp genus Odontozona is described based on a specimen collected on a coral reef environment in the San Bernardo Islands, Caribbean coast of Colombia. Odontozona edyli n. sp. can be separated from all other congenerics by a combination of morphological characteristics, most notably the ornate abdomen with a distinct and complex pattern of spines, carinae and grooves, spination of the carapace, length of rostrum, armature of third cheliped, third maxilliped and telson. This new species is more similar to O. arbur and O. sculpticaudata from the Indo-Pacific than to any other species of Odontozona from the western Atlantic. An unreported male specimen of O. striata from Jamaica, Caribbean Sea revealed morphological differences with the female holotype described by Goy (1981), suggesting a possible sexual dimorphism or a high intra-specific variability as reported for some Indo-Pacific Odontozona species.
Diagnostic and phylogenetic utility of the first DNA barcode library for longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the Russian Far East
Authors: GREBENNIKOV VASILY V. , JENDEK EDUARD , SMIRNOV MAXIM ED.
Published: June 2017

One hundred forty two specimens representing 56 species of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) from the Russian Far East were sequenced for a 658 bp fragment of the 5' end of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI, =DNA barcode). The data are publicly available in an open access online library (dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-CERRF). All analysed species could be differentiated using the standard online DNA barcode identification tool, except for a group of three sympatric colour-defined Menesia species. Seven Menesia records share the same Barcode Identification Number (=BIN), while the single specimen of M. flavotecta shares the same haplotype as some of M. sulphurata. Excluding the Menesia case, the Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) uniquely correspond to the analysed species, in all but the four specimens of Chlorophorus simillimus where they share two BINs. Although DNA barcoding aims to develop species identification systems, some phylogenetic signal was apparent in the data and in the Maximum Likelihood analysis, all four subfamilies were recovered as monophyletic. Notwithstanding the few detected deviations from the absolute taxonomic/phylogenetic match, DNA barcoding is a powerful identification tool with a capacity to place an undocumented record among its closest relatives.
Longitudinal study of changing psychological outcomes following the Victorian Black Saturday bushfires
Authors: Bryant Richard A , Gibbs Lisa , Gallagher Hugh Colin , Pattison Phillipa , Lusher Dean , MacDougall Colin , Harms Louise , Block Karen , Sinnott Vikki , Ireton Greg , Richardson John , Forbes David
Published: June 2017

Objectives:

To map the changing prevalence and predictors of psychological outcomes in affected communities 5 years following the Black Saturday bushfires in Victoria.

Method:

Follow-up assessment of longitudinal cohort study in high, medium and non-affected communities in Victoria, Australia. Participants included 1017 respondents (Wave 1) interviewed via telephone and web-based survey between December 2011 and January 2013, and 735 (76.1%) eligible participants were retested between July and November 2014 (Wave 2). The survey included measures of fire-related and subsequent stressful events, probable posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode, alcohol use and severe distress.

Results:

There were reduced rates of fire-related posttraumatic stress disorder (8.7% vs 12.1%), general posttraumatic stress disorder (14.7% vs 18.2%), major depressive episode (9.0% vs 10.9%) and serious mental illness (5.4% vs 7.8%). Rates of resilience increased over time (81.8% vs 77.1%), and problem alcohol use remained high across Wave 1 (22.1%) and Wave 2 (21.4%). The most robust predictor of later development of fire-related posttraumatic stress disorder (odds ratio: 2.11; 95% confidence interval: [1.22, 3.65]), general posttraumatic stress disorder (odds ratio: 3.15; 95% confidence interval: [1.98, 5.02]), major depressive episode (odds ratio: 2.86; 95% confidence interval: [1.74, 4.70]), serious mental illness (odds ratio: 2.67; 95% confidence interval: [0.57, 1.72]) or diminished resilience (odds ratio: 2.01; 95% confidence interval: [1.32, 3.05]) was extent of recent life stressors.

Conclusion:

Although rates of mental health problems diminished over time, they remained higher than national levels. Findings suggest that policy-makers need to recognize that the mental health consequences of disasters can persist for many years after the event and need to allocate resources towards those who are most at risk as a result of substantive losses and ongoing life stressors.
Training Techniques for Visual Search in Complex Task Environments
Authors: Guznov Svyatoslav , Matthews Gerald , Warm Joel S. , Pfahler Marc
Published: June 2017

Objective:

The goal for this study was to evaluate several visual search training techniques in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) simulated task environment.

Background:

Operators controlling remote unmanned vehicles often must perform complex visual search tasks (e.g., target search). These tasks may pose substantial demands on the operator due to various environmental factors. Visual search training may reduce errors and mitigate stress, but the most effective form of training has not been determined.

Methods:

Participants were assigned to one of four training conditions: target, cue, visual scanning, or control. After the training, the effectiveness of the training techniques was tested during a 30-minute simulated UAV flight. A secondary task manipulation was included to further simulate the demands of a realistic UAV control and target search task. Subjective stress and fatigue were also assessed.

Results:

Target training produced superior target search performances in more hits and fewer false alarms (FAs) when compared to the control condition. The visual scanning and cue trainings were moderately effective. Only target training performance was vulnerable to the secondary task load. The task was stressful, but training did not mitigate stress response.

Conclusion:

Training participants on the target and the cue appearance as well as active scanning of the visual field is promising for promoting effective target search for this simulated UAV environment.

Application:

These training techniques could be used in preparation for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions that involve target search, especially where target appearance change is likely.
A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Preservice Music Teaching Efficacy Beliefs and Commitment to Music Teaching
Authors: Prichard Stephanie
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the music teaching efficacy beliefs and commitment to teaching of preservice music teachers enrolled in an introductory music education course. Also explored was the impact of introductory music education course experiences on preservice music teachers’ music teaching efficacy beliefs and commitment to teaching. This study was conducted in a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, organized into two strands (Strand I: Quantitative, Strand II: Qualitative). Introductory music education students ( N = 684) from 41 National Association of Schools of Music–accredited institutions participated in Strand I, with a nested sample of 24 interviewees participating in Strand II. Preservice music teachers’ efficacy beliefs were interpreted as having two dimensions: music teaching efficacy beliefs and classroom management efficacy beliefs. Mixed-methods analyses indicated that introductory music education students’ music teaching efficacy beliefs may have been impacted by a variety of course experiences, including individual mentoring, peer teaching, and field experience. Participants’ commitment to teaching may have been strengthened by mentoring, although instances of weakened commitment were rare. Additional findings included the types and qualities of experiences perceived by participants as influential to music teaching efficacy beliefs or commitment.
A novel method of suspending sheep for clinical research
Authors: Christou Chris , Walsh William R
Published: June 2017

The slinging of sheep is a commonly reported, yet poorly described procedure, which is useful for the advancement of veterinary and medical preclinical research. We have described a novel, flexible and repeatable method of suspending sheep to varying degrees while not affecting mobility and thereby improving animal husbandry and welfare.
Orthographic Input and the Acquisition of German Final Devoicing by Native Speakers of English
Authors: Hayes-Harb Rachel , Brown Kelsey , Smith Bruce L.
Published: June 2017

We present an artificial lexicon study designed to test the hypothesis that native English speakers experience interference from written input when acquiring surface voicing in German words. Native English speakers were exposed to German-like words (e.g., /ʃtɑit/ and /ʃtɑid/, both pronounced [ʃtɑit]) along with pictured meanings, and in some cases, their written forms (e.g.,  and ). At test, participants whose input included the written forms were more likely to produce final voiced obstruents when naming the pictures, indicating that access to the written forms in the input interfered with their acquisition of target-like surface forms. In a separate experiment, we attempted to moderate this negative impact of the written input by explicitly telling participants about the misleading nature of the words’ written forms, with no beneficial effect on their pronunciation accuracy. Together these findings indicate a powerful influence of orthographic input on second language lexical–phonological development that is not readily overcome by a simple intervention.
A beginner’s guide to the literature search in medical education
Authors: Martin S , Hussain Z , Boyle JG
Published: June 2017

Conducting a literature search can be a daunting prospect if you have not done it before. This article aims to provide a beginner’s guide to searching the medical education literature, by describing how to construct an effective search strategy, the resources that are available and the basics of how searching works.
Understanding international students beyond studentification: A new class of transnational urban consumers. The example of Erasmus students in Lisbon (Portugal)
Authors: Malet Calvo Daniel
Published: June 2017

For the last 10 years the city of Lisbon has been receiving an increasing number of international students, expanding considerably the supply of student accommodation. In spite of the resulting rise of a new and underdeveloped housing market directed to students, studentification is not exhibiting the usual concentration and segregation patterns of clustering across the city. On the contrary, the effects of student-related economic activities are spreading throughout Lisbon, overlapping with several urban transformations. An examination of international students’ lifestyles in Lisbon seems to demonstrate that diverse youth cultures of Erasmus students are colonising different districts and activities through diverse processes of belonging and distinction. Beyond the studentification literature (and its housing-supply centred perspective) it is necessary to recognise that international students become involved in broader urban processes such as the tourism industry, marginal gentrification or entrepreneurial creativity, thus becoming a new class of transnational urban consumers.
An application of two non-parametric techniques to the prices of British dwellings: An examination of cyclicality
Authors: Gray David
Published: June 2017

Using a Pesaran-Timmermann test of co-movement, Cook and Watson (Cook S and Watson D, 2015, A new perspective on the ripple effect in the UK housing market: Co-movement, cyclical subsamples and alternative indices. Urban Studies 53(14): 3048–3062) suggest they have highlighted the ‘ripple’ effect. Using reference series of the UK, London, Scotland and three deterministic-periodic series, regional prices are shown to have similar cyclical characteristics, with delays based on distance from London. With periodicities consistent with those revealed by spectral analysis, the deterministic-periodic series reference provides a means of establishing cyclical characteristics whilst avoiding issues concerning variable amplitudes. Although a ripple is revealed, using London as a reference poses problems empirically: its cycle is likely to be atypical as well as asynchronised.
A Tale of Two Cultures: Consumer Reactance and Willingness to Book Fenced Rates
Authors: Song Myungkeun , Noone Breffni M. , Mattila Anna S.
Published: June 2017

Rate fences are integral to the practice of revenue management. Prior research suggests that cross-cultural differences in consumer reaction to rate fences exist but little is known about why this is so. This research employed two experimental studies with consumers from the United States and South Korea to explore the mechanisms underlying cultural differences in consumer reaction to nonphysical and physical rate fences. In Study 1, we found that feelings of reactance mediate the restriction-based nonphysical rate fence-willingness to book relationship for highly individualistic cultures, but not for highly collectivist cultures. Study 2’s findings suggest that consumers from low-context cultures favor product-based, over service-based, physical rate fences, while consumers from high-context cultures are unlikely to react differently to product-based, and service-based, physical rate fences. Together, the findings of Study 1 and Study 2 provide tourism managers a framework within which geolocation-based pricing strategies, and associated rate fences, can be evaluated.
Fair Process, Trust, and Cooperation: Moving Toward an Integrated Framework of Police Legitimacy
Authors: Hamm J. A. , Trinkner R. , Carr J. D.
Published: June 2017

Positive public perceptions are a critical pillar of the criminal justice system, but the literature addressing them often fails to offer clear advice regarding the important constructs or the relationships among them. The research reported here sought to take an important step toward this clarity by recruiting a national convenience sample to complete an online survey about the police in the respondent’s community, which included measures of the process-based model of legitimacy and the classic model of trust. Our results suggest that although both are predictive, the models can be integrated in a way that allows the strengths of each model to address the weaknesses of the other. We therefore present this model as a first step toward an Integrated Framework of Police Legitimacy that can meaningfully incorporate much of the existing scholarship and provide clearer guidance for those who seek to address these constructs in research and practice.
Reciprocal Influences Between Loneliness and Self-Centeredness: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis in a Population-Based Sample of African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian Adults
Authors: Cacioppo John T. , Chen Hsi Yuan , Cacioppo Stephanie
Published: June 2017

Loneliness has been posited to increase the motivation to repair or replace deficient social relationships and, seemingly paradoxically, to increase the implicit motivation for self-preservation. In the current research, we report a cross-lagged panel analysis of 10 waves of longitudinal data ( N = 229) on loneliness and self-centeredness (as gauged by Feeney and Collins’s measure of chronic self-focus) in a representative sample of middle-aged and older adults. As predicted by the proposition that loneliness increases the implicit motivation for self-preservation, loneliness in the current year predicts self-centeredness in the subsequent year beyond what is explained by current-year demographic variables, self-centeredness, depressive symptomatology, and overall negative mood. Analyses also show that self-centeredness in the current year (net covariates) predicts loneliness in the subsequent year, a reciprocal relationship that could potentially contribute to the maintenance of loneliness. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Both parents and adolescents project their own values when perceiving each other’s values
Authors: Stattin Håkan , Kim Yunhwan
Published: June 2017

How parents and adolescents perceive each other’s life values is a key to understanding successful value transmission. In the value socializations literature, it has been proposed that parents’ values become internalized when children correctly perceive their parents’ values and decide to adopt them as their own. In the current study, we propose that interpersonal value perception of broader life values is characterized by a perceptual bias—projection—which propels adolescents to perceive their parents’ values to be similar to their own, and propels parents to perceive their adolescents’ values to be similar to theirs. This cross-sectional study examined 518 dyads of adolescents and their parents. Adolescents rated how important different humanistic, environmental, and achievement values were to them, and how important these values were to their parents. Parents similarly rated how important these values were to them and to their adolescents. Using structural equation modeling, an interpersonal value perception model was constructed that estimated how much parents and adolescents projected their own values when perceiving each other’s values. The results supported the idea that both parents and adolescents substantially project their own values when perceiving the others’ values, and that they perceive the others’ values with low accuracy. We discuss our findings in light of value socialization in both research and practice.
Hearing Preservation: Does Electrode Choice Matter?
Authors: Mady Leila J. , Sukato Daniel C. , Fruit Jenifer , Palmer Catherine , Raz Yael , Hirsch Barry E. , McCall Andrew A.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Evaluate if electrode design affects hearing preservation (HP) following cochlear implantation (CI) with full‐length electrodes.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary referral academic center.

Subjects and Methods

Forty‐five adults with low‐frequency hearing (≤85 dB at 250 and 500 Hz) who underwent unilateral CI with full‐length electrode arrays made by 1 manufacturer were included. HP was calculated with (1) mean low‐frequency pure‐tone average (LFPTA) at 250 and 500 Hz (MEAN method), (2) a percentile method across the audiometric frequency spectrum generating an S‐value (HEARRING method), and (3) functional if hearing remained ≤85 dB at 250 and 500 Hz. Audiometric testing was performed approximately 1 month and 1 year postoperatively, yielding short‐term and long‐term results, respectively.

Results

Of 45 patients who underwent CI, 46.7% received lateral wall (LW) and 53.3% received perimodiolar (PM) electrodes. At short‐term follow‐up, LW electrodes were associated with significantly better HP than PM (LFPTA method: 27.7 vs 39.3 dB, P <. 05; S‐value method: 48.2 vs 21.8%, P <. 05). In multivariate regression of short‐term outcomes, LW electrode use was a significant predictor of better HP (P <. 05). At long‐term follow‐up, electrode type was not associated with HP. Younger patient age was the only significant predictor of long‐term HP on multivariate analysis (P <. 05).

Conclusion

The LW electrode is associated with short‐term HP, suggesting its design is favorable for limiting trauma to the cochlea during and directly following CI. Other factors, including age, are relevant for maintaining HP over the long term. The data support further investigation into what modifiable factors may promote long‐term HP.
Biomechanical Quantification of Mendelsohn Maneuver and Effortful Swallowing on Pharyngoesophageal Function
Authors: Doeltgen Sebastian Heinrich , Ong Ellisa , Scholten Ingrid , Cock Charles , Omari Taher
Published: June 2017

Objective

To quantify the effects of 2 swallowing maneuvers used in dysphagia rehabilitation—the Mendelsohn maneuver and effortful swallowing—on pharyngoesophageal function with novel, objective pressure‐flow analysis.

Study Design

Evaluation of intervention effects in a healthy control cohort.

Setting

A pharyngoesophageal motility research laboratory in a tertiary education facility.

Subjects

Twelve young healthy subjects (9 women, 28.6 ± 7.9 years) from the general public, without swallowing impairment, volunteered to participate in this study.

Methods

Surface electromyography from the floor‐of‐mouth musculature and high‐resolution impedance manometry–based pressure flow analysis were used to assess floor‐of‐mouth activation and pharyngoesophageal motility, respectively. Subjects each performed 10 noneffortful control swallows, Mendelsohn maneuver swallows, and effortful swallows, with a 5‐mL viscous bolus. Repeated measures analyses of variance was used to compare outcome measures across conditions.

Results

Effortful and Mendelsohn swallows generated greater floor‐of‐mouth contraction (P =. 001) and pharyngeal pressure (P <. 0001) when compared with control swallows. There were no changes at the level of the upper esophageal sphincter, except for a faster opening to maximal diameter during maneuver swallows (P =. 01). The proximal esophageal contractile integral was reduced during Mendelsohn swallows (P =. 001).

Conclusion

Effortful and Mendelsohn maneuver swallows significantly alter the pharyngoesophageal pressure profile. Faster opening of the upper esophageal sphincter may facilitate bolus transfer during maneuver swallows; however, reduced proximal esophageal contractility during Mendelsohn maneuver swallows may impair bolus flow and aggravate dysphagic symptoms.
Radioanatomic Study of the Greater Palatine Canal Relevant to Endoscopic Endonasal Surgical Landmarks
Authors: Ayoub Noel , Thamboo Andrew , Hwang Peter H. , Walgama Evan S.
Published: June 2017

Objective

A radioanatomic study of surgically relevant variations in the greater palatine canal (GPC) on computed tomography (CT) was performed to determine susceptibility during endoscopic endonasal procedures.

Study Design

Blinded radioanatomic analysis.

Setting

Tertiary university hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Fifty consecutive paranasal CT scans (100 sides) were analyzed. Measurements were standardized to landmarks such as the inferior turbinate (IT) and floor of the nasal cavity (FNC) to assess variability and vulnerability of the nerve. Measurements included (1) incidence of maxillary sinus pneumatization posterior to the GPC, (2) distance from the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus to the GPC at the IT and FNC, (3) width of bone containing the GPC, (4) incidence of medial GPC dehiscence, and (5) angle of the GPC extending from the IT to FNC.

Results

Ninety‐one percent of maxillary sinuses were pneumatized posterior to the GPC. The distance from the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus to the GPC was 2.8 ± 1.7 mm (range, –2.3 to 5.9) at the posterior attachment of the IT and 4.1 ± 3.1 mm (range, –6.3 to 11.9) at the FNC. The width of bone containing the GPC was 3.3 ± 1.3 mm (range, 1‐8.9), and the medial bony GPC was dehiscent in 38% of cases. In the sagittal plane, the angle of the GPC between the IT and the FNC was 31.9 ± 6.9 degrees (range, 10.8‐45).

Conclusion

The GPC has considerable anatomic variability relative to important surgical landmarks in endoscopic procedures. Preoperative review of CTs to assess vulnerability may prevent postoperative complications.
Polypoid Change of the Middle Turbinate and Paranasal Sinus Polyposis Are Distinct Entities
Authors: Brunner Jacob P. , Jawad Basit A. , McCoul Edward D.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Polypoid change of the middle turbinate (PCMT) is a finding on intranasal examination whose significance is not well understood. We present a comparison of the clinical characteristics of PCMT with paranasal sinus polyposis (PSP), a common condition with potentially similar appearance.

Study Design

Parallel case series.

Setting

Tertiary rhinology clinic.

Subjects and Methods

Data were prospectively compiled from consecutive patients during a 12‐month period with either PSP arising from the middle meatus or PCMT limited to the middle turbinate as identified on nasal endoscopy. Recorded data included comorbidities, the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), Lund‐Mackay score from computed tomography (CT) imaging, and total eosinophil levels.

Results

Of 593 patients, 23 (3.9%) had PCMT and 44 (7.4%) had PSP. The PSP group was predominantly male (75% vs 52%, P <. 001) with an older mean age (53.4 vs 35.4 years, P <. 0001). PCMT was more often associated with allergic rhinitis (83% vs 34%, P <. 001), whereas PCMT was rarely associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (10% vs 100%, P <. 0001). Mean eosinophil count (7.1 vs 3.1, P =. 096) was not significantly different between groups, whereas mean Lund‐Mackay score was higher in PSP (14.9 vs 2.8, P <. 0008). Mean NOSE score was greater in PSP (65.3 vs 46.8, P =. 025), whereas SNOT‐22 score was comparable between groups (40.6 vs 34.6, P =. 29).

Conclusion

PCMT is a unique physical finding with clinical associations that distinguish it from PSP. PCMT has greater association with allergic rhinitis than chronic rhinosinusitis, and both PCMT and PSP are associated with impaired quality of life.
Surgical resection of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors: long-term outcome
Authors: Peretti Marine , Radu Dana M , Pfeuty Karel , Dujon Antoine , Riquet Marc , Martinod Emmanuel
Published: June 2017

Background

Pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors are rare lesions that remain problematic in several aspects, especially regarding the therapeutic strategy. The goal of this study was to evaluate long-term survival in a multicenter series of patients who required surgery for pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors.

Methods

Thirty-six cases of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors, operated on in 3 French thoracic surgery departments between 1989 and 2015, were studied retrospectively. We recorded pre-, peri- and postoperative data for each patient, and long-term survival was analyzed.

Results

There were 22 men and 14 women. Mean age was 53.5 years (range 14–81 years). Three pneumonectomies, 1 bilobectomy, 19 lobectomies, 2 segmentectomies, 10 wedge resections, and 1 biopsy were performed. Complete resection was carried out in 32 (88.8%) patients. Median follow-up was 76 months. Five-year and 10-year survival rates were respectively 86.8% and 81.7% (96% and 90% for patients with R0 resection).

Conclusions

Long-term survival was excellent for patients with pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors who benefited from surgery, especially when surgical resection was complete. These results confirm that surgical resection must be proposed as the first-line treatment for patients with pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors.
Sino-Pakistan Friendship, Changing South Asian Geopolitics and India’s Post-Obama Options
Authors: Ahmad Parvaiz , Singh Bawa
Published: June 2017

In the context of changing global geopolitics, South Asia as a global pivot amongst major regions and powers has recently acquired a more central geostrategic position. China and Pakistan have long been sharing strong political, cultural and economic relations and are portrayed as all-weather friends, amplifying their engagement to secure their respective specific interests within and outside the region. This Sino-Pakistan link has been treating India as a collective target, with China acting contrary to India’s interests also in light of rising Indo-US strategic leverage. Against this complex backdrop, which also implicates Central Asia, the ultimate focus of this article is to locate India’s geostrategic interests and future prospects in view of the strong Sino-Pak friendship. Our key findings suggest that in this new ‘Great Game’, Indo-US links are going to become even more crucial, but that India should not just wait for US decisions.
Economic Liberalisation and Farmers’ Suicides in Andhra Pradesh (1995–2014)
Authors: Vaditya Venkatesh
Published: June 2017

Adversely affected by globalisation and state-based policy changes, India’s agricultural sector has recently experienced a marked increase in farmer suicides, most prominently in Andhra Pradesh (AP). This article examines the various policy changes leading to such agrarian distress and seeks to explore how the troubling phenomenon of farmers’ suicides may be curbed.
Dimethyl fumarate improves white matter function following severe hypoperfusion: Involvement of microglia/macrophages and inflammatory mediators
Authors: Fowler Jill H , McQueen Jamie , Holland Philip R , Manso Yasmina , Marangoni Martina , Scott Fiona , Chisholm Emma , Scannevin Robert H , Hardingham Giles E , Horsburgh Karen
Published: June 2017

The brain’s white matter is highly vulnerable to reductions in cerebral blood flow via mechanisms that may involve elevated microgliosis and pro-inflammatory pathways. In the present study, the effects of severe cerebral hypoperfusion were investigated on white matter function and inflammation. Male C57Bl/6J mice underwent bilateral common carotid artery stenosis and white matter function was assessed at seven days with electrophysiology in response to evoked compound action potentials (CAPs) in the corpus callosum. The peak latency of CAPs and axonal refractoriness was increased following hypoperfusion, indicating a marked functional impairment in white matter, which was paralleled by axonal and myelin pathology and increased density and numbers of microglia/macrophages. The functional impairment in peak latency was significantly correlated with increased microglia/macrophages. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF; 100 mg/kg), a drug with anti-inflammatory properties, was found to reduce peak latency but not axonal refractoriness. DMF had no effect on hypoperfusion-induced axonal and myelin pathology. The density of microglia/macrophages was significantly increased in vehicle-treated hypoperfused mice, whereas DMF-treated hypoperfused mice had similar levels to that of sham-treated mice. The study suggests that increased microglia/macrophages following cerebral hypoperfusion contributes to the functional impairment in white matter that may be amenable to modulation by DMF.
When the Commons call “Enough”, Does Marketing Have an Answer?
Authors: Duffy Sarah , Layton Roger , Dwyer Larry
Published: June 2017

How we use, or do not use our natural resources is a question that has been debated for millennia. Still an answer remains out of reach. It is a complex issue that often involves a social dilemma known as “the tragedy of the commons”. Many common pool resources, from fish stocks, to forests, to natural tourism destinations have an associated marketing system that may place pressure on the resource. If poorly managed, the resources sustainable future is questionable. This paper explains how commons and strategic action field theory can enhance a macromarketing analysis of marketing systems that involve a common pool resource (CPR) pointing to potential responses and solutions. The unique challenges faced are discussed, particularly in the interdependent areas of: property rights, power and equitable distribution. The findings from an empirical application confirm that CPRs destabilise a marketing system. Solutions may be found in the way the issue is negotiated, how the rules are structured and the perspective from which the issue is considered.
Severity and frequency of restless legs syndrome in patients with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Yılmaz Samet , Çiğdem Burhanettin , Gökçe Şeyda Figül , Ceyhan-Doğan Sevil , Balaban Hatice
Published: June 2017

Objective:

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensory motor disorder. RLS an urge to move the extremities that may be accompanied by dysesthesias, and significantly affects quality of life of affected patients. The frequency of RLS is higher in different systemic inflammatory diseases. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited inflammatory disease characterized by attacks of polyserositis, arthritis, and fever. The prevalence of RLS in patients with FMF is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence rate of RLS in a sample of patients with FMF and compare this prevalence with that of a matched normal population.

Method:

A total of 60 patients with FMF and 60 healthy controls were studied. All participants underwent a neurological examination. Diagnostic criteria as proposed by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) were used to define RLS. The IRLSSG rating scale for the severity of RLS was applied to determine the severity of symptoms.

Results:

The prevalence of RLS was not significantly different between patients and controls. Although the mean International Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale (IRLSRS) scores tended to be higher in patients compared with controls, this difference was not significant. When each item of the severity scale was compared between the two groups, significantly higher scores were found in some items of the IRLSRS in patients with FMF compared with controls.

Conclusion:

According to this result, RLS symptoms in patients with FMF were more frequent and lasted longer than those in controls.
Neonatal hearing screening in remote areas of China: a comparison between rural and urban populations
Authors: Wenjin Wu , Xiangrong Tang , Yun Li , Jingrong Lü , Jianyong Chen , Xueling Wang , Zhiwu Huang , Hao Wu
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Universal neonatal hearing screening (UNHS) started late in some underdeveloped areas in China, with relatively scarce screening resources and a wide regional distribution. This study aimed to compare the screening performance between rural and urban populations, and to examine the characteristics and problems of UNHS in underdeveloped regions in China.

Methods

A two-step hearing screening program was used in neonates born in Liuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital and in patients who were born in other hospitals, but admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. This program involved distortion product otoacoustic emission and automated auditory brainstem response. Characteristics of each newborn, as well as the screening outcomes and performance were compared between rural and urban populations.

Results

A total of 19,098 newborns were screened with a referral rate of 17.9% at the first step. Sixty-three (0.33%) newborns had hearing loss. The prevalence of permanent hearing loss was 2.25‰. The average screening age was significantly older in the rural population than in the urban population in the first ( P < 0.01) and second steps of screening ( P < 0.05). The rural population had a higher referral rate in both steps than the urban population ( P < 0.01). The follow-up rate was much lower in the rural population than in the urban population ( P < 0.05), but dramatically increased in 2014 compared with the previous 2 years.

Conclusions

A low follow-up rate is a critical issue when carrying out UNHS in developing countries, such as China, especially for rural populations. The government should establish more hearing referral centres to increase service coverage and supply financial assistance for low-income populations.
Commodifying art, Chinese style: The making of China’s visual art market
Authors: Zhang Jun
Published: June 2017

The economic value of art to cities and regions has recently been vigorously pursued and actively studied. The rapid ascendance of China as a superpower in the global art market and associated transformation of China’s art space, however, are yet poorly understood. This paper develops a Polanyian framework to interpret the spatial and institutional evolution of China’s art market, seeing the (de)commodification of art as a cumulative process embedded in geo-historical interplays of triple logics—cultural, capital, and political, unfolding within, and reshaping in turn, historically inherited spatial structures.
Development and Validation of a Social Network Site Use Motives Scale for College Students in South Korea
Authors: Shin Na Young , Lim Young-Jin
Published: June 2017

Although it has been suggested that social network site (SNS) use motives are one of important determinants of SNS addiction, there has not been yet a scale to assess them. The aim of this study was to examine psychological properties of a newly developed Social Network Site Use Motives Scale (SUMS) in a college student sample. The SUMS was administered to 481 nonclinical participants. Exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency analysis, and correlation analysis were undertaken to examine its validity and reliability. Results of factor analysis indicated that the SUMS consisted of four factors. Indices of internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and criterion validity of SUMS were acceptable. Our study suggested that SUMS could be used as an effective tool to assess SNS use motives. The usage of SUMS should be encouraged in future studies of SNS use motives. Future research using this measure could provide a more comprehensive model of the relationship between SNS use motives and SNS addiction.
Influence of Islamic Traditions on Breastfeeding Beliefs and Practices Among African American Muslims in West Philadelphia: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Kamoun Camilia , Spatz Diane
Published: June 2017

Background:

Little is known regarding the influence of religion on breastfeeding in African American communities. In particular, whether Islamic traditions influence breastfeeding beliefs and practices among African American Muslims has not been studied.

Research aim:

This study sought to gain understanding of breastfeeding attitudes, rates, and education among African American Muslims in West Philadelphia and to examine if engaging Islamic teachings in breastfeeding education can positively influence breastfeeding attitudes.

Methods:

Open-ended, in-person, digitally recorded qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 community leaders and analyzed by conventional content analysis. A study tool distributed to a convenience sample of 44 community members and 11 leaders was used to gather information about education received from community leaders, breastfeeding attitudes and practices, and the potential for Islamic teachings to positively affect breastfeeding attitudes and practices. To obtain further data on this last topic, preliminary data analysis guided the creation of an education pamphlet, about which feedback was gathered through another study tool.

Results:

Education surrounding Islamic perspectives on breastfeeding was not prevalent. African American Muslims in West Philadelphia view breastfeeding favorably and have higher rates of breastfeeding than African Americans as a whole. Community education about breastfeeding that engaged Islamic teachings improved respondents’ breastfeeding attitudes.

Conclusion:

Increasing education among providers and African American Muslims about Islamic perspectives on breastfeeding may improve breastfeeding exclusivity and duration. Healthcare providers who care for Muslim women should be aware of Islam’s tradition of positive attitudes toward breastfeeding and partner with Muslim leaders to improve breastfeeding rates and duration among such women.
Analysis of Media Coverage on Breastfeeding Policy in Washington State
Authors: DeMarchis Alessandra , Ritter Gaelen , Otten Jennifer , Johnson Donna
Published: June 2017

Background:

Media coverage and message framing about breastfeeding polices can influence important policy decisions in institutional and governmental settings.

Research aim:

This study aimed to describe the media coverage of breastfeeding policies and the message frames that are found in print newspapers and web-only news publications in Washington State between 2000 and 2014.

Methods:

For this retrospective media analysis study, 131 news articles published from January 2000 through June 2014 in Washington State that specifically discussed breastfeeding policy were identified, coded, and analyzed to explore the content of the sample and examine how arguments supporting or opposing breastfeeding policy were framed. The coding scheme was developed cooperatively and found to be reliable across coders.

Results:

The number of articles published each year about breastfeeding policy grew overall between 2000 and 2014 and peaked during periods of specific policy development. Seventy-four articles had a neutral tone, 49 supported breastfeeding policy, and 4 were in opposition. Nine distinct supporting frames and six distinct opposing frames were identified. Common supporting frames were health benefits of breastfeeding and the need for policies because of challenges of breastfeeding in public. The most common opposing frame was indecency of breastfeeding in public.

Conclusion:

There is limited but growing media coverage of breastfeeding policies. For the most part, coverage is supportive of the need for policies. Breastfeeding advocates can apply information about media message frames to craft effective policy development strategies that counteract negative perceptions and promote the benefits of breastfeeding policies.