bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Structural Basis for Metal Ion Transport in the SLC11/NRAMP Family
Authors: Manatschal Cristina , Dutzler Raimund
Published: December 2022

The SLC11/NRAMP proteins constitute a conserved family of metal ion transporters that are expressed in all kingdoms of life. In humans, the two paralogs DMT1 and NRMP1 play an important role in iron homeostasis and the defense against pathogens. SLC11 transporters have evolved an exquisite selectivity for transition metal ions, which facilitates their efficient transport from a large background of Ca2+ and Mg2+. This is accomplished by the evolution of a conserved binding site, which contains besides promiscuous hard ligands, a methionine acting as soft ligand that exclusively coordinates transition metals and thus contributes to the exclusion of alkaline earth metal ions. This site is altered in a branch of prokaryotic family members, which are capable of transporting Mg2+, where the removal of the coordinating methionine and the accompanying expansion of the binding pocket captures this small ion in a hydrated state. The disposition of titratable residues in H+-coupled transition metal ion transporters, that are absent in uncoupled Mg2+ transporters, sheds light on potential coupling mechanisms. In combination, the discussed work has revealed detailed insight into transition metal ion transport and provides a basis for the development of inhibitors of DMT1 as strategy against iron overload disorders.
Transporters for Bile Formation in Physiology and Pathophysiology
Authors: Stieger Bruno
Published: December 2022

The liver fulfills many vital functions for the body, among them bile formation and detoxification. Bile salts are organic anions, are the major constituents of bile and are at high concentrations cytotoxic. Detoxification exposes the liver to many harmful compounds. This function is therefore potentially damaging to the liver. Impaired bile formation may lead to hepatic accumulation of bile salts and subsequently to liver disease. Diagnosis of liver diseases involves the measurement of so-called liver function parameters. This overview aims to characterize and summarize the role of organic anion transporters in bile formation at the protein level under normal physiologic conditions and in liver function tests used for diagnosing liver diseases in pathophysiologic situations.
Analyzing the Concepts of “Good Death” from the Perspective of Nursing: A systematic review and concept analysis
Authors:   Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran., Esmaeili-Abdar Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Background: Words such as “dying well,” “dying peacefully,” “appropriate death,” “desired death,” “dignified death” and “good death,” are often used interchangeably. However, there is no clear definition of the concept of "good death" and its defining attributes. Further studies seem to be needed to clarify and develop the concept of “good death” and its attributes. This study aimed to analyze and clarify the concept of “good death”. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted from 1980 to the end of 2020 using Magiran, SID, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Wiley, and Ovid, databases. The title, abstract, and keywords of the articles were searched using keywords of “death,” “dying,” “good death,” “quality of death,” “end of life preferences,” “quality of dying,” “attitude to death,” “terminal care,” “dignity,” “successful,” and “peaceful”. The Boolean search operators “AND” and “OR” were employed to merge search results. We also reviewed the reference lists of all retrieved articles to find other pertinent documents. Concept analysis was conducted using Walker and Avant’s eight-step method. The attributes, antecedents, consequences, and uses of the concept of “good death” were recognized. Results: A total of 7207 titles were identified; after elimination of duplicates, screening, and final selection, 36 relevant publications remained for analysis. The most common defining attributes of “good death” included compatibility with socio-cultural norms, personal experiences, being an ongoing process, having control and autonomy, and attention to religion and spirituality. Antecedents of a good death might vary for the dying person, the caregivers, and the family. The most important consequences of “good death” were mainly related to the family of the deceased (satisfaction with care providers, access to supports, respect, integrity, socially appropriate behavior, satisfaction with mourning, and reducing family grief), and those related to the care providers (quick passing of the process of mourning, being sure of doing their best for the patient and family, job satisfaction, a sense of self-worth and integration). Conclusion: The concept of “good death” was a dynamic process that its meaning heavily depends on the peoples lived experiences. It entails having control and autonomy, fulfilling the basic human needs, attention to religion and spirituality, and accompanies positive and peaceful lived experiences for the dying person, his/her family, and the caregivers. To provide patients with "good death" and quality end-of-life care, caregivers especially nurses should develop their knowledge and proficiency in end-of-life care.
Common Genetic Variants of Fetal Hemoglobin Modify Hematological Phenotypes in MDS/MPN/Myeloma Patients Receiving Cytotoxic Drugs
Authors:   Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK, NE Igbineweka , A Pilarski ,   Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK, H Rooks ,   Molecular Haematology, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, UK, A Breton ,   Molecular Haematology, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, UK, H Hall ,   Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK, D Joshi ,   Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK, D Meeks ,   Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK, TJ Chevassut ,   Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, UK, SL Thein ,   Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, USA, S Menzel ,   Molecular Haematology, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, UK
Published: December 2022

Genetic studies identify common variants within the HBS1L-MYB intergenic region (HMIP), BCL11A, and Xmn1-HBG2 as associated with elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels and other clinically important human hematological traits. Recent studies suggest HbF is a predictor of outcome in MDS/AML patients receiving decitabine. We assessed effects of HbF genetic variants on hematological traits in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN), Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and myeloma on HbF-inducing therapy to determine potential for variants predicting treatment response. Seven common HbF variants at HMIP, BCL11A, Xmn1-HGB2 loci were genotyped in 89 patients with MPN on Hydroxyurea (HU), myeloma on Lenalidomide, and MDS on Azacytidine. HbF genetic association was seen with rs9494142 (HMIP) in MPN on HU (p = 0.04) and rs1427407 (BCL11A) in myeloma on Lenalidomide (p = 0.002). HMIP variants rs9494142 and rs6920211 influenced baseline platelets (p = 0.04) and hemoglobin treatment response (p = 0.02). rs1427407 (BCL11A) was significantly associated with increased platelets (p = 0.04) negating thrombocytopenic tendency of Lenalidomide. These HbF variants showed significantly discordant minor allele frequencies in MDS/MPN/myeloma compared to wider European population data. This small study finding together suggest the implication of these variants in treatment response and disease biology in MDS/MPN/myeloma warranting larger prospective genotype-phenotype association studies.
Physico-Chemical Characterization and Assessment of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Poly-Ethylene-Glycol Coated and Uncoated Gold Nanoparticles on Human Kidney (HK-2) Cells
Authors:   RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, USA, CR Rogers , S Dasari ,   RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, USA, AK Patlolla ,   RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, USA, PB Tchounwou ,   RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, USA
Published: December 2022

Although gold Nanoparticles (Au-NPs) have been widely used in medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of patients due to their unique physicochemical properties, chemical stability and biocompatibility, recent reports have also highlighted their potential to induce toxicity to humans. In the present study, we investigated the toxic effects of uncoated and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-coated AuNPs on human kidney (HK-2) cells. Both forms of AuNP were synthesized and characterized using standard protocols. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta Sizer Nano ZS analyzer, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) were used to measure their distribution, zeta potential/surface charge, morphological size, and Au concentrations, respectively. Cytotoxicity was measured by Cyto- Tox assay and trypan blue exclusion test. Oxidative Stress (OS) was assessed by quantifying the levels of Glutathione (GSH), and Mitochondria Membrane Potential (MMP). Genotoxicity was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) and Chromosomal Aberration (CA) assay. Uncoated AuNPs significantly reduced cell viability, increased ROS, decreased GSH, depolarized the MMP, and induced significant DNA damage and chromosomal alterations including chromosome gaps, centric rings, breaks, deletions, and intra and interchromosome exchanges, in a concentration-dependent manner. PEG-coated AuNPs displayed lower cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, and did not produce any significant increase in ROS or significant decrease in GSH along with negligible polarization of the MMP. Hence, PEG-coated AuNPs are relatively less toxic than uncoated AuNPs and therefore, may have potential applications in nanomedicine.
Eyelid Swelling: Rare Metastasis from Breast Cancer
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Specialities Hospital, Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco, K Berrada , IO Ouali ,   Department of Radiology, Specialities Hospital, Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco, M Jiddane ,   Department of Radiology, Specialities Hospital, Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco, F Touarsa ,   Department of Radiology, Specialities Hospital, Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco
Published: December 2022

Breast cancer is the first cancer associated with skin metastases in women. Eyelid metastases are a very rare variety, difficult to diagnose with often poor prognosis. The authors report a rare case of a 54-year-old patient followed for an early metastatic breast cancer, who has presented for 7 months with swelling of the upper eyelid of the right eye. These palpebral metastases occur first as part of a polymetastasis of breast cancer or bladder cancer. Diagnosis is difficult, imaging plays a key role in guiding diagnosis
A Different Kind of Parkinson: Case Report
Authors:   Department of Family Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, USA, E Chu , J Deschamps ,   Department of Family Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, USA, M Safaeipour ,   Department of Family Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, USA, P Bhat ,   Department of Family Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, USA, EE Jaqua ,   Department of Family Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, USA
Published: December 2022

Lightheadedness and dizziness are common chief complaints in a primary care clinic. These symptoms affect a person’s life in multiple ways and have a wide range of differential. We present a case of a teen female with these symptoms whom we diagnosed with having Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, but we could not pinpoint whether this entirely caused her symptoms. Wolff- Parkinson-White Syndrome-associated dysrhythmias remain a significant differential amongst people presenting with lightheadedness.
Obesity and Body Image Perception among the Community in Saudi Arabia: A Mini Literature Review
Authors:   Staff Nurse, MOH Cluster 3, Erada Complex, Riyadh, KSA, S Almunammis , GM Parentela ,   Assistant Professor, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
Published: December 2022

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for several deadly diseases that have a substantial adverse influence on health. The early onset of diabetes, polycystic ovaries, hypertension, and other disorders are among the recent error number of problems that are a tracking factor for health. Individual obesity is the root cause of all these issues, particularly among young people. Aim: Based on current publications, this study aims to ascertain the prevalence rate of obesity and related risk factors among Saudi Arabian students. Method: A qualitative review of the literature was carried out by operationalizing the internet search engines Pub Med, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. Studies combine all the relevant information from 10 publications on obesity and students' body perceptions. All primary studies were carried out in English between 2017 and 2021. Conclusion: Obesity and body image perception are the most influential factors in a student's social life. These issues have an impact on the academic period as well. The study found that students' perceptions of body image and obesity influenced their participation in academic and extracurricular activities and various school management programs regarding expertise, performance, and selection criteria. It should be noted that school-age children should keep their diet and eating habits to protect themselves from the outside world, including social interaction, pathogens, and others.
Enhancing hit discovery in virtual screening through accurate calculation of absolute protein-ligand binding free energies
Authors: Chen Wei , Cui Di , Jerome Steven V. , Michino Mayako , Lenselink Eelke B. , Huggins David , Beautrait Alexandre , Vendome Jeremie , Abel Robert , Friesner Richard A. , Wang Lingle
Published: December 2022

In the hit identification stage of drug discovery, a diverse chemical space needs to be explored to identify initial hits. Contrary to empirical scoring functions, absolute protein-ligand binding free energy perturbation (ABFEP) provides a theoretically more rigorous and accurate description of protein-ligand binding thermodynamics and could in principle greatly improve the hit rates in virtual screening. In this work, we describe an implementation of an accurate and reliable ABFEP method in FEP+. We validated the ABFEP method on eight congeneric compound series binding to eight protein receptors including both neutral and charged ligands. For ligands with net charges, the alchemical ion approach is adopted to avoid artifacts in electrostatic potential energy calculations. The calculated binding free energies are highly correlated with experimental results with the weighted average of R2 of 0.55 for the entire dataset and an overall RMSE of 1.1 kcal/mol when protein reorganization effect upon ligand binding was accounted for. Through ABFEP calculations using apo versus holo protein structures, we demonstrated that the protein conformational and protonation state changes between the apo and holo proteins are the main physical factors contributing to the protein reorganization free energy manifested by the overestimation of raw ABFEP calculated binding free energies using the holo structures of the proteins. Furthermore, we performed ABFEP calculations in three virtual screening applications for hit enrichment. ABFEP greatly improves the hit rates as compared to docking scores or other methods like metadynamics. The highly accurate ABFEP results demonstrated in this work position it as a useful tool to improve the hit rates in virtual screening, thus facilitate hit discovery.
Amidation by Reactive Extrusion for the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Teriflunomide and Moclobemide
Authors: Lavayssiere Matthieu , Lamaty Frédéric
Published: December 2022

The amidation reaction is a key step for the preparation of a large number of organic molecules, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), but still challenging from the point of view of its efficiency and sustainability. In this context, the solventless synthesis of an amide, starting from a carboxylic acid and an amine, was performed in a twin-screw extruder (TSE) in the presence of a coupling agent, providing a high yielding and productive method. Reaction conditions were evaluated and successfully used to prepare two APIs, teriflunomide and moclobemide. This complements the synthetic tool box of twin-screw extrusion to prepare organic molecules and opens the way to broader applications, including in an industrial perspective.
The Radiative Surface Hopping (RSH) algorithm: capturing fluorescence events in molecular systems within a semi-classical Non-Adiabatic Molecular Dynamics framework
Authors: Pérez-Escribano Manuel , Jankowska Joanna , Granucci Giovanni , Escudero Daniel
Published: December 2022

In this article, we present the Radiative Surface Hopping (RSH) algorithm which enables to model fluores- cence within a semi-classical Non-Adiabatic Molecular Dynamics framework. The algorithm has been tested for the photodeactivation dynamics of trans-4-Dimethylamino-4’-cyanostilbene (DCS). By treating on equal footing radiative and non-radiative processes, our method allows to attain a complete molecular movie of the excited-state deactivation. Our dynamics rely on a semiempirical quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) Hamiltonian and has been run for hundreds of picoseconds, both in the gas phase and in isopropyl ether. The proposed approach successfully captures the first fluorescence processes occurring in DCS and it suc- ceeds in reproducing the experimental fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield, especially in the polar solvent. The analysis of the geometrical features of the emissive species during the dynamics discards the hypothesis of a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state to be responsible for the dual emission observed experimen- tally in some polar solvents. In a nutshell, our method opens the way for theoretical studies on early-fluorescence events occurring up to hundreds of picoseconds in molecular systems.
Rational Design of the beta-Bulge Gate in a Green Fluorescent Protein Accelerates the Kinetics of Sulfate Sensing
Authors: S. Y. Ong Whitney , Ji Ke , Pathiranage Vishaka , Maydew Caden , Baek Kiheon , Villones Rhiza Lyne E. , Meloni Gabriele , Walker Alice R. , Dodani Sheel
Published: December 2022

Here, we report how the mutagenesis of the -bulge residues (D137 and W138) in mNeonGreen, a bright fluorescent protein, unlocks and tunes the anion preference at physiological pH for sulfate, resulting in the turn-off sensor SulfOFF-1. This unprecedented sensing arises from an enhancement in the kinetics of binding, largely driven by position 138. In line with these data, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations capture how the coordinated entry and gating of sulfate into the -barrel is eliminated upon mutagenesis to facilitate binding and fluorescence quenching. Given the significance of sulfate in metabolic processes, we are now poised to apply SulfOFF-1 in living cells. We anticipate that fundamental insights gained from MD simulations can be integrated with protein engineering to design and expand this unique anion sensing function in the GFP family.
RESEARCH ON EMOTIONAL MUSIC APP DESIGN UNDER THE NEEDS OF OFFICE WORKERS
Authors: Wang Xinyi
Published: December 2022

To explore the demand and current situation of APP use from the perspective of working people, and to make the future APP design not focus on visual effect by implanting emotional design. It also analyzes how to improve the design to make it more in line with the user needs of office workers, to establish a more comprehensive understanding of the theoretical research and application in related fields. This paper collects, organizes, and visualizes the literature on the main applications of emotional design APP from 2000 to 2021 based on the physiological and psychological characteristics of office workers through Donald A. Norman’s three-level theory of emotional design, and discusses how to make reasonable design for the music APP to improve user experience according to the user characteristics of office workers. Applying interaction design theory and three levels of emotional design theory to the design of the music APP has important research value and scientific perspective. The paper also summarizes the interaction design method based on user experience and builds the design model of the music APP based on emotional design, which is a guide for the subsequent design.
IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES ON STUDENTS AND TASK’ PERFORMANCE DURING COVID-19
Authors: Khushk Amir Ali , Ali Hafiz Yasir , Baraboshkin Vladimir
Published: December 2022

In today’s world, social networking has emerged as a highly desirable product, but the use of these social networking sites affects the physical and mental health of people. Therefore, this study aims to find the impact of excessive use of social networking sites (ESNS) on students’ task performance (STP) by mediating the role of task distraction (TD). Further, this study explores the moderating role of locus of control (internal and external) on the ESNS-TD relationship. For this purpose, data has been collected from 226 students enrolled in public sector universities in metropolitan cities of Pakistan through the survey. The findings show that excessive use of social networking sites significantly decreases students’ performance. Task distraction partially mediates the ESNS-STP relationship. Further, the results show that only the external locus of control moderates the ESNS-TD relationship. By analyzing the consequences of excessive use of SNSs it raises teachers’ and scholars’ concerns about harmful aspects of Internet use. This study reports that limited use of social networking sites is beneficial for students’ performance.
AUTOMATIC ENGINE LOCK SYSTEM THROUGH ALCOHOL DETECTION IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Nanda Ipseeta , De Rajesh
Published: December 2022

Driving under the influence of alcohol has affected and killed countless of people lives. If you are drunk while driving, not only you are putting yourself at risk but also the passengers travelling with you and the others on the road are in danger. So, we have tried to projected an Automatic Engine lock system on behalf of talking responsibility to control driving safely as much as we can. The alcohol detection system works on a simple principle. If a driver has been drinking, the alcohol sensor will sense by playing a Buzzer. With the use of GPS, we will be able to trace the location of the vehicle and a message will be send to the registered number by using GSM module. The main work is done by MQ3 alcohol detecting sensor and the programmable brain Arduino Uno. If the sensor sensed the particular value of alcohol present in the air from a nominal distance then the sensor throw high signal in digitally and the buzzer has been blown. As this way we can identify the driver is alcoholic or not by this project and Thus, the motor driver will be stopped immediately.
REVIEW OF CLOUD COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY
Authors: Nanda Ipseeta , De Rajesh
Published: December 2022

The delivery of computing services over the internet, as opposed to storing data on a local memory device or a proprietary disc drive, is known as cloud computing. Servers, storage, databases, networking, and software are some examples of computing services. The primary justification and major benefit of using the cloud are the user’s ability to store data there and access it from any location at any time, as well as the low cost of all its services. Despite this, because the data stored in the cloud is not directly maintained by the customer, security has always been a major concern with cloud computing. The data owners are unlikely to be aware of the route their data is taking when they upload or store data using a cloud computing service. The user is unaware of whether or not a third party is gathering, processing, and accessing their information. Numerous cryptography algorithms have been proposed to address security concerns. This paper discussed different cryptography algorithms that are present in the previous work with a focus on the fundamentals of cloud computing.
COMMUNICATION NETWORK
Authors: Nanda Ipseeta , De Rajesh
Published: December 2022

Communication network is used a communication network are central to the to describe the way in which specific people in a group interact with one another. Academics use varying definitions of “communication network” to refer to the same underlying concept. These three critical dimensions are typically used to characterize the communication network: (1) the network structure, (2) the interactional patterns, (3) the functional characteristics.
AN ANALYSIS OF 5G WIRELESS NETWORKS
Authors: Nanda Ipseeta , De Rajesh
Published: December 2022

Every major telecom in the world is working to make it even faster because everyone loves speed and, more specifically, fast internet. Stable internet connections are becoming more and more important for smartphones, watches, homes, and automobiles. The fifth generation of technology, or 5G, is here to help us survive in a world where speed is changing every second and where we demand more and more technology. Some of the most important goals that must be achieved in the future, or in a world beyond 4G, are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and quality service. Large-scale improvements in the 5G cellular architecture are necessary to meet these demands. The 5G cellular network architecture and some of the key emerging technologies that can help the architecture become more human and better meet user demands are primarily the focus of this paper. The primary focus of this paper’s coverage of 5G details is device-to-device communication and massive multiple input multiple output technology (D2D). A general, credible 5G cellular network architecture is put forth using guidelines from online books and thorough research on the subject.
Formation of Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of Cyclic Concepts in the Political Sphere: The First Half of the 20th Century
Authors:   General Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Belarus, Khudyakov A. V.
Published: December 2022

The radical political and social changes that took place in the first half of the 20th century required their scientific understanding and rational interpretation. Cyclical concepts are becoming one of the ways to penetrate deep into the processes that took place in society. Within the framework of a comparative historical and systematic approach, the author considers the formation of their theoretical and methodological foundations. The main attention is paid to the content of the concepts. Each of them is an ideal scheme where scientists simply describe a complex reality. This made the theories available for critical comments and further scientific research. The author comes to the conclusion that the differentiation of sciences contributed to the interdisciplinary study of cyclical processes in society, the search and development of new approaches in the study of nonlinear dynamics, which further contributed to the formation of theoretical and methodological foundations of political cyclicity.
Ideological Framework of Ethno-Confessional Policy in the North Caucasus and the Syncretization of Islam
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Britvin A. V. , Kozlov M. V. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: December 2022

The problem of creating optimal harmonious state-religious relations in the North Caucasus region was one of the main in the historical period of Russia. It also has a high significance in modern Russian public discourse. The authors based on the analysis of the provisions of the Holy Books in religious and political scientific works, and used the methods of functionalism and system analysis. The authors of the article argue the thesis that the uniqueness of Russia lies not only in a special historical and geographical location, in the combination of the qualities of the West and the East, but also in the development of religious traditions. National tradition and culture’s consideration of all large territory of Russia, its ethnic and religious components, is the guarantee of greatness of the country. In this regard, the model of state-religious relations in the concept of partnership between the state and religious organizations must be based on the constitutional foundations, on the principles of severalty, non-intervention and equidistance of religious organizations from the state. In conditions of religious and political syncretism, this model must be based on optimal partnerships and strengthening social and political stability in the region.
The Late M. M. Speransky's Intellectual Service to Russia: Between Ideals and Political Reality
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Slobozhnikova V. S.
Published: December 2022

M. M. Speransky (1772–1839) is widely regarded as a liberal of the Alexander era and a servant of the Nicholas era, who was engaged in the codification of the. The author has identified the worldview factors that influenced the change in his views: a deep faith in God and a creative revision of European intellectual developments in relation to Russia of his time. The experience of implementing the constitutional project in the social and political realities of Russia, the immersion into Russian reality during exile and the analysis of the prospects for the development of a pure monarchy have had a serious impact. On this basis the article shows the logic of the “late” Speransky's choice of the form of government in favor of autocracy in the form of a monarchy with deliberative establishments.
The etiology of neuromuscular fatigue induced by the 5-m shuttle run test in adult
soccer players
Authors: Boukhris Omar , Zghal Firas , Hsouna Hsen , Abdessalem Raouf , Ammar Achraf , Elloumi Mohamed , Colson Serge S. , Chtourou Hamdi
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the etiology of neuromuscular fatigue induced by a 5-m shuttle run test (5MSRT) in soccer players. Nineteen adult male amateur soccer players (age: 20.0 ± 2.9 years) participated in the present study. Before and after the 5MSRT, they were instructed to complete a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors (KE) during and after which two electrical stimulations were applied at the femoral nerve. Voluntary activation level (VAL), surface electromyography recordings (sEMG), electrophysiological (Mmax) and potentiated resting twitch (Ptw) responses of the KE were compared between pre- and post-5MSRT. Rating of perception exertion (RPE) was also assessed before, during the test immediately following each sprint repetition and after the test. The distance covered during each sprint significantly decreased as the number of trials performed increased (p<.05). The RPE reported following each sprint significantly increased throughout the test. In addition, MVIC (-9%), sEMG (-23%), VAL (-15%), Ptw (-26%) and Mmax (~22%) of the KE were lowered from pre-to-post 5MSRT (.001 < p < .01). The 5MSRT induced a decrease of repeated-sprint running performance and MVIC of the KE. These decrements were accompanied by lowered VAL, sEMG, Ptw and Mmax values of the KE reflecting the involvement of both the central and peripheral origins in the 5MSRT-induced fatigue. Given the important muscle stress induced by 5MSRT, this strenuous test must be applied with caution, after an inevitable familiarization phase, and not during the competition period to avoid the risk of serious injury.
Consumer acceptance of fresh-cut peppers and tomatoes and their enhancement
by edible coatings
Authors: Cloete L. , Hosany H. , Rungasamy I. , Ramful-Baboolall D. , Ramasawmy B. , Neetoo H.
Published: December 2022

Consumers are increasingly opting for minimally processed vegetables, such as fresh-cut
peppers and tomatoes because they are sold in a convenient and ready-to-eat form.
Unfortunately, fresh-cut vegetables are susceptible to rapid quality deterioration. Quality
is an important term in the agri-food sector and refers to the totality of features and
characteristics of a product that are required to satisfy the consumer. The objectives of the
study were therefore to (i) shed light on the desirable quality traits of fresh-cut peppers
and tomatoes sought by consumers and (ii) assess the effectiveness of edible coatings
applied on these vegetables to enhance quality retention. Survey questionnaires were
administered to 100 consumers. Quality traits of peppers and tomatoes treated by edible
coatings were also assessed. Edible coatings tested were alginate (A), carboxymethyl
cellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum (X) which were either left plain or incorporated with
potassium sorbate (PS, 0.5% w/v) and/or sodium acetate (SA, 1% w/v). Untreated and
treated samples were withdrawn at 3 days’ intervals and subjected to microbiological
(Total Viable Counts (TVC), Yeast and Mold Counts (YMC)), physicochemical
(instrumental colour, moisture content) and sensory (hedonic) analyses. Consumers
indicated that the most important attributes when buying fresh-cut peppers and tomatoes
were overall appearance, freshness and nutritional value. Surface colour and moisture
content values of treated vegetables were comparable to untreated ones throughout
refrigerated storage. TVC and YMC for fresh-cut tomatoes coated with X + PS + SA and
X + SA were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than their untreated counterparts after 9 days
of storage. Moreover, the vitamin C content of X + PS + SA-coated fresh-cut peppers
(85.8 mg/100g) and tomatoes (3.4 mg/100 g) was higher than for untreated peppers (73.6
mg/100 g) and tomatoes (2.8 mg/100 g) after 9 days of storage. Higher mean appearance
and texture scores were also recorded for vegetables treated with X + PS + SA compared
with the untreated ones by the end of the storage period. Taken together, the findings of
this study point to the effectiveness of xanthan-based antimicrobial edible coatings to
enhance consumer-sought quality attributes of fresh-cut peppers and tomatoes.
Comparison of the capture–recapture method and seroprevalence survey for estimation of COVID-19 prevalence in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Kiakalayeh Ali Davoudi , Taramsari Morteza Rahbar , Mohammadi Reza , Kiakalayeh Sajad Davoudi , Kavakpour Hassan
Published: December 2022

Background: Reliable estimation of prevalence is important for monitoring and evaluation of COVID-19 prevention programmes among at-risk populations. Aims: We compared the capture–recapture method with a seroprevalence survey for accurate estimation of the prevalence of COVID-19 during a 1-year period in Guilan Province, northern Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: We used the capture–recapture method to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19. Records from the primary care registry system and the Medical Care Monitoring Center were compared, using 4 matching approaches based on combinations of the following variables: name, age, gender, date of death, positive or negative cases, and alive or dead cases. Results: The estimated prevalence of COVID-19 in the study population from the beginning of the pandemic in February 2020 until the end of January 2021 was 16.2–19.8%, depending on the matching approach used, which was lower than in previous studies. Conclusion: The capture–recapture method may provide better accuracy than seroprevalence surveys in measuring the prevalence of COVID-19. This method may also reduce the bias in the estimation of prevalence and correct the misconception of policymakers about seroprevalence survey results
Nanotechnological approaches to address photosensitizers’ limitations: towards improved clinical applicability of photodynamic therapy
Authors:   UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA, CABALLERO ANA B. , GAMEZ PATRICK , Spinelli Guglielmo
Published: December 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a combination of molecular oxygen, light and a photosensitizer (PS) to generate singlet oxygen or reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can eradicate tumoral cells. All currently approved PSs for cancer treatment are molecular PSs. To date, no nanoparticlebased PSs are used clinically although it has widely been shown that nanotechnology may help to improve the properties of molecular PSs; for instance, molecular PSs suffer from some intrinsic limitations that undermine their therapeutic efficacy. In the present minireview, the most critical weaknesses exhibited by molecular PSs are described, and the potential use of nanoparticles (NPs) to address them and to reach the clinics is discussed.
First Record of Invasive Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Family: Cichlidae) in Akgöl (Mersin, Türkiye)
Authors: ALAGÖZ ERGÜDEN Sibel , ERGÜDEN Deniz , AYAS Deniz
Published: December 2022

Tilapias are one of the world's most productive and internationally traded foods. It was brought to tropical and subtropical regions for aquaculture purposes to it that spread quickly. The aquaculture sector in Turkey as well as in the rest of the world, it is one of the most important reasons for the spread of invasive species. Three specimens, was collected via gill net during a survey carried out in Iskenderun coast on June and August 2016. The fish samples were 12.4 cm, 20.0 and 21.4 cm in total length (TL) and 36.0 g, 120.0 and 212.0 g total weight (TW), respectively. In this study, Oreochromis niloticus were recorded for the first time in Akgöl (Mersin). It is though that this species was brought to Akgöl (Mersin) for aquaculture and later adapted here.
Gökova Fay Zonu’nun Morfometrik Özellikleri ve Aktif Tektonik Açısından Önemi, Doğu Akdeniz
Authors: Dikbaş Aynur
Published: December 2022

Gökova Fay Zonu, güneybatı Anadolu’da Gökova Körfezi kuzey kıyıları boyunca, Gökova grabeninin kuzey kenarını sınırlayan aktif bir fay zonudur. Bu fay zonu, doğuda Ula ilçesinden (Muğla) batıda Kos adası güneyine kadar hem kara hem deniz alanında izlenen, güneye eğimli normal fay segmentlerinden oluşur. Gökova Fay Zonu’nun morfoloji üzerindeki etkileri hem arazi gözlemleri hem de oluşturulan sayısal yükseklik modeli temel alınarak gerçekleştirilen nitel ve nicel çalışmalar ile araştırılmıştır. Sayısal yükseklik modelinden drenaj, bakı ve yüzey eğim haritaları üretilmiş ve morfometrik indisler (hipsometrik eğri ve integral, vadi tabanı genişliğinin vadi yüksekliğine oranı, dağ önü eğriliği) hesaplanmıştır. Topoğrafik kesitler ve bakı haritası, özellikle doğu kesimde yer alan segmentlerin morfolojide süreklilik gösteren basamaklar oluşturduğunu ve bu basamakların kuzeye doğru, fay hareket yönü tersine eğimlendiğini işaret etmektedir. Mevcut drenaj ağı, litolojiden bağımsız olarak, segmentler boyunca fay doğrultusuna
hem paralel hem de dik olarak gelişmiştir. Taban blok üzerinde yer alan 5 havza için hesaplanan hipsometrik integral değerleri 0.37-0.67 arasında değişir. Hipsometrik integral değerleri ve oluşturulan hipsometrik eğriler, havzaların ağırlıklı olarak genç evrede olduğunu gösterir. Taban blok üzerinde hesaplanan vadi tabanı genişliğinin vadi yüksekliğine oranı değerleri 0.12-0.78 arasındadır. Bu değerler, vadilerin V-şekilli olduğunu ve tektonik yükselmeye derine kazma meyili ile cevap verdiklerini işaret etmektedir. Gökova Fay Zonu’nun doğu ve batı kesimlerinde hesaplanan dağ önü eğriliği değerleri 1.00-1.24 arasında değişir ve dağ önlerinin gelişiminde baskın kuvvetlerin tektonik kökenli olduğunu gösterir. Gökova Fay Zonu üzerinde gerçekleştirilen kalitatif ve kantitatif morfolojik çalışmalara göre, bölgenin şekillenmesinde tektonik süreçler erozyonal süreçlere göre daha baskın rol oynamıştır.
FUNCTIONS OF SMART CITY AS ECOSYSTEM
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Economics, Sukharev Oleg S.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the fact that a “smart city” can be considered as an ecosystem, but in practice it turns out to be its integral part, albeit a very significant one, as well as to analyze the main func- tions of the development of a modern urban economy built on the “smart city” project. The research methodology is represented by the theory of the urban and ecosystem development, biological analogies used in economics, compara- tive and taxonomic analysis. As a result of the study, it is shown that a “smart city” can permeate the en- tire urban economy, but the latter is much wider, which allows using the con- cept of ecosystems in describing its development. There are the smart city main characteristics in terms of the following parameters: purpose, scope, functions, efficiency, rules, development model, ways to improve. Models for the develop- ment of a smart city are identified depending on the expansion, narrowing or invariance of the boundaries of urban space. The article carries out a taxonomy of the basic functions of an ecosystem and a smart city with a demonstration that the concept of an ecosystem known in biology can be applied in economic analysis with significant limiting condi- tions, and the difference in the functions of typical ecosystems and, for example, a “smart city” increases the significance of those restrictions. with such an ap- plication. “Smart City” with its functions ensures the development of the in- formation and communication technologies, ecology, quality of life, social func- tions and urban logistics. In order to maintain the level of “smartness” of the city, it is required to reduce the level of dysfunctions. It is those basic elements that form the directions for the development of the “smart city” project, that are determined by the amount of resources, and the initial technological, intel- lectual potential of each city.
GENESIS OF SOURCES FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS FINANCING
Authors:   State University of Management, Makhalina Oksana M. , Makhalin Viktor N. ,   State University of Management
Published: December 2022

The article considers the development in the practice of finan-cing the environmental measures, projects and programs, currently represen-ting a significant part of the socio-economic policy of the state, since due to the production industrialization, there was a sharp increase in the negative impact of man on nature and environmental protection began becoming a priority and being comprehensive. The paper also focuses on the approaches to determining the sources, volumes and forms of financing the environmental protection mea- sures during the existence of the Soviet Union, its experience in creating, for the first time in the world practice, specialized environmental funds. In detail it studies already the Russian practice in which the positive results of the previ- ous period were used and which received their practical implementation in the form of national projects and state programs. As recommendations for improving the practice of financing environmen- tal projects and programs, it is proposed to form and finance interregional en- vironmental projects and programs focused primarily on solving environmen- tal protection issues and creating a comfortable standard of living in economic zones and macro areas of the largest urban agglomerations, and the formation of a more systematic approach to the process of environmental taxation.
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INVESTMENT STRATEGIES IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN STOCK MARKET
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Zubov Yaroslav O.
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes modern investment strategies in the stock market in terms of their effectiveness. Recommendations are given for the trans- formation and further development of investment strategies in modern econo-mic conditions. The current state of the Russian stock market is considered. At present, the stock market plays an important role in the process of economic development and the redistribution of financial resources. Investment activity that stimulates business largely determines the pace of the development and economic growth of the country. The Russian stock market is in an active stage of development, there is a growing interest of investors in stock instruments as a means of stabilizing and increasing financial resources. That interest is fueled by the specifics of the Russian economy. At the same time, the structure of the stock market becomes more complex every year, being filled with an increasing number of various financial instruments. Making sound decisions about investing money in certain stock instruments, as well as determining the structure of a securities portfolio requires a comprehensive and in-depth analysis on the part of the investor. The most important condition for the implementation of the in- vestor’s desire to receive an income adequate to his ideas is his ability to calcu- late the risks accompanying investments in securities. The article also carried out a comparative analysis of modern investment strategies based on an inte- grated approach that combines elements of fundamental and technical analysis. It also developed and applied an algorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of investment strategies in terms of the ratio of profitability and risk parameters, as well as proposed a number of modifications of the considered investment strategies, taking into account the characteristics and specifics of the Russian stock market.The results were obtained and conclusions were made about the effectiveness of investment strategies, options for their modification, which are of significant practical importance both for professional stock market partici- pants involved in the development of various investment products, and for pri- vate investors who want to decide on the choice of the most optimal investment strategy in the Russian stock market.
Vital lie in Strindberg’s Miss Julie: Illusion versus reality
Authors: DEMİRAY Müjde
Published: December 2022

Lying is an act of distortion of reality by pretending what is communicated is true. Then, what if people tell lies to themselves to manage to carry on their lives and bear the unpleasant facts of the world surrounding them? We all tell lies to ourselves to be content with our lives, and these lies are well-constructed and long-lasting. People try to create an alternative to reality, i.e. an unreal life. These lies are commonly regarded as vital lies, life lies, and illusions. Illusion and reality have been a significant concern and theme of literature, most particularly in modern drama since the Renaissance. Many scholars, philosophers, and writers have dealt with the dichotomy between reality and illusion in their works since ancient times. The study explores how the vital lies adopted by the characters in Strindberg’s Miss Julie (1888). It also aims to exhibit the characters’ motivations and worldviews in their social context and question why they lie to themselves. Furthermore, it reveals if any loss of vital lie causes harms to the characters. The reason why I have chosen this play for my analysis is that the plot of Miss Julie is mainly based on lies, deceptions, dreams, and illusions. The play features the characters from nobility and lower class with a dialectic of class conflict. The paper also attempts to deal with how this dialectic of class conflict operates between Julie and Jean in terms of their vital lies. The extracts taken from the play exhibiting the life lies are good opportunity for the readers/audiences to be conscious of the vital lies embedded in real life. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach.