bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interventions to prevent unintended pregnancies among adolescents: a rapid overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Mohamed Sahra , Chipeta Michael G. , Kamninga Tony , Nthakomwa Lomuthando , Chifungo Chimwemwe , Mzembe Themba , Vellemu Ruth , Chikwapulo Victor , Peterson Maame , Abdullahi Leyla , Musau Kelvin , Wazny Kerri , Zulu Eliya , Madise Nyovani
Published: October 2023

Risks associated with unintended pregnancy include unsafe abortions, poor maternal health-seeking behaviour, poor mental health, and potentially, maternal and infant deaths. Adolescent girls with unintended pregnancies are particularly vulnerable as they are at higher risk of eclampsia, premature onset of labour, and increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. Unintended pregnancy, with the right combination of interventions, can be avoided. Evidence-based decision-making and the need for a robust appraisal of the evidence have resulted in many systematic reviews. This review of systematic reviews focuses on adolescent pregnancy prevention and will seek to facilitate evidence-based decision-making. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of each review according to the AMSTAR 2 criteria. We identified three systematic reviews from low- and middle-income countries and high-income counties and included all socioeconomic groups. We used vote counting and individual narrative review summaries to present the results. Overall, skill-building, peer-led and abstinence programmes were generally effective. Interventions focused on information only, counselling and interactive sessions provided mixed results.

In contrast, exposure to parenting and delaying sexual debut interventions were generally ineffective. Adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions that deploy school-based primary prevention strategies, i.e. strategies that prevent unintended pregnancies in the first place, may effectively reduce teenage pregnancy rates, improve contraceptive use, attitudes and knowledge, and delay sexual debut. However, the included studies have methodological issues, and our ability to generalise the result is limited.
Bioinformatics-led discovery of ferroptosis-associated diagnostic biomarkers and molecule subtypes for tuberculosis patients
Authors: Wufuer Dilinuer , Li YuanYuan , Aierken Haidiya , Zheng JinPing
Published: October 2023

Background

Ferroptosis is closely associated with the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, such as infection, and is characterized by the accumulation of excess lipid peroxides on the cell membranes. However, studies on the ferroptosis-related diagnostic markers in tuberculosis (TB) is still lacking. Our study aimed to explore the role of ferroptosis-related biomarkers and molecular subtypes in TB.

Methods

GSE83456 dataset was applied to identify ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) associated with TB, and GSE42826, GSE28623, and GSE34608 datasets for external validation of core biomarkers. Core FRGs were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Subsequently, two ferroptosis-related subtypes were constructed based on ferroptosis score, and differently expressed analysis, GSEA, GSEA, immune cell infiltration analysis between the two subtypes were performed.Affiliations: Please check and confirm that the authors and their respective affiliations have been correctly identified and amend if necessary.correctly

Results

A total of 22 FRGs were identified, of which three genes (CHMP5, SAT1, ZFP36) were identified as diagnostic biomarkers that were enriched in pathways related to immune-inflammatory response. In addition, TB patients were divided into high- and low-ferroptosis subtypes (HF and LF) based on ferroptosis score. HF patients had activated immune- and inflammation-related pathways and higher immune cell infiltration levels than LF patients.

Conclusion

Three potential diagnostic biomarkers and two ferroptosis-related subtypes were identified in TB patients, which would help to understand the pathogenesis of TB.Author names: Kindly check and confirm the process of the author names [2,4]correctly
Validation of an Arabic version of the eating disorder inventory’s body dissatisfaction subscale among adolescents, adults, and pregnant women
Authors: Gerges Sarah , Obeid Sahar , Malaeb Diana , Sarray El Dine Abir , Hallit Rabih , Soufia Michel , Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Hallit Souheil
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The 9-item Body Dissatisfaction Subscale (BDS) of the Eating Disorder Inventory is one of the most used tools for assessing thinness-oriented body dissatisfaction in research and clinical practice. However, no validated Arabic version of this scale exists to date. In this study, we sought to validate this instrument in three samples of native Arabic-speaking adolescents, adults, and pregnant women from Lebanon.

Methods

A total of 826 adults, 555 adolescents, and 433 pregnant women were included. To examine the factor structure of the BDS, we performed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), using a principal component analysis via the FACTOR software on the first split-half subsample among Lebanese adults. We used data from the second split-half in the adult sample to conduct a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) through the SPSS AMOS v.29 software. That verified model was tested via CFA on adolescents and pregnant women.

Results

The EFA showed a bidimensional structure for the BDS, with all 9 items retained and divided into Factor 1 = Body Satisfaction (negatively-worded items) and Factor 2 = Body Dissatisfaction (positively-worded items). The CFA demonstrated invariable goodness-of-fit of the instrument in the three studied populations. McDonald’s omega values were also adequate in the three samples, demonstrating its reliability. Moreover, the BDS showed invariance across sex among both adolescents and adults. Finally, higher BDS scores were correlated with more disordered eating, less body appreciation and less functionality appreciation, thus attesting to convergent validity of the scale. In addition, BDS scores correlated positively with depression and anxiety scores, indicating adequate patterns of divergent validity.

Conclusion

In light of our findings, we endorse the use of the BDS by healthcare professionals in Arabic-speaking countries, in order to assess thinness-oriented body dissatisfaction in an appropriate and timely manner and ease early referral to a specialist, thereby preventing the deleterious health-related risks associated with this condition.
Hospitalization and readmission after single-level fall: a population-based sample
Authors: Cook Alan , Swindall Rebecca , Spencer Katherine , Wadle Carly , Cage S. Andrew , Mohiuddin Musharaf , Desai Yagnesh , Norwood Scott
Published: October 2023

Background

Single-level falls (SLFs) in the older US population is a leading cause of hospital admission and rates are increasing. Unscheduled hospital readmission is regarded as a quality-of-care indication and a preventable burden on healthcare systems. We aimed to characterize the predictors of 30-day readmission following admission for SLF injuries among patients 65 years and older.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Readmission Database from 2018 to 2019. Included patients were 65 and older, admitted emergently following a SLF with a primary injury diagnosis. Hierarchical logit regression was used to model factors associated with readmission within 30 days of discharge.

Results

Of 1,338,905 trauma patients, 65 years or older, 61.3% had a single-level fall as the mechanism of injury. Among fallers, the average age was 81.1 years and 68.5% were female. SLF patients underwent more major therapeutic procedures (56.3% vs. 48.2%), spent over 2 million days in the hospital and incurred total charges of over $28 billion annually. Over 11% of SLF patients were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Increasing income had a modest effect, where the highest zip code quartile was 9% less likely to be readmitted. Decreasing population density had a protective effect of readmission of 16%, comparing Non-Urban to Large Metropolitan. Transfer to short-term hospital, brain and vascular injuries were independent predictors of 30-day readmission in multivariable analysis (OR 2.50, 1.31, and 1.42, respectively). Palliative care consultation was protective (OR 0.41). The subsequent hospitalizations among those 30-day readmissions were primarily emergent (92.9%), consumed 260,876 hospital days and a total of $2.75 billion annually.

Conclusions

SLFs exact costs to patients, health systems, and society. Transfer to short-term hospitals at discharge, along with brain and vascular injuries were strong predictors of 30-day readmission and warrant mitigation strategy development with consideration of expanded palliative care consultation.
Reliability and validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire: dietary intake assessment among multi-ethnic populations in Northwest China
Authors: Zhai Leilei , Pan Huiyue , Cao Hanqi , Zhao Shupeng , Yao Ping
Published: October 2023

Background

Few multi-ethnic dietary culture-sensitive food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) have been developed due to the complexity and diversity of cooking methods and styles. This study aimed to develop and validate a specific FFQ among multi-ethnic groups in Northwest China.

Methods

In the reliability study, 139 participants aged 20–65 completed two identical FFQs separated by 3 months. The relative validation of the FFQ was assessed by three 24-h recalls (24HR) employed in the interval of two FFQs, as a reference. Stratified analyses were also conducted by the major ethnic groups (Han nationality or Ethnic minority).

Results

For reproducibility, the median (range) of Spearman’s correlation coefficients (SCC) was 0.71 (0.43–0.84) for nutrients. The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) covered a spectrum from 0.39 to 0.78 (median: 0.64). Meanwhile, the weighted kappa values ranged from 0.11 to 0.64. For validity, the median (range) of Pearson’s correlation coefficients derived from the energy unadjusted and the adjusted values between FFQ and 24HR were 0.61 (0.12–0.79) and 0.56 (0.12–0.77), respectively. The results of correlation coefficients were similar between the two ethnic groups. Moreover, the Bland–Altman plots likewise demonstrated a satisfactory level of agreement between the two methods.

Conclusions

The FFQ showed acceptable reproducibility and moderate relative validity for evaluating dietary intake among multi-ethnic groups in northwest China. It could be a credible nutritional screening tool for forthcoming epidemiological surveys of these populations.
Clinical feasibility of endovascular recanalization with intravascular ultrasound-guided wiring for chronic total occlusion of below-the-knee arteries
Authors: Hayakawa Naoki , Kodera Satoshi , Miwa Hiromi , Ichihara Shinya , Hirano Satoshi , Arakawa Masataka , Inoguchi Yasunori , Kushida Shunichi
Published: October 2023

Background

Revascularization with endovascular therapy (EVT) for complex below-the-knee (BTK) chronic total occlusion (CTO) remains a challenging problem. The Japanese-BTK (J-BTK) CTO score is reported as an indicator of the difficulty of BTK CTO, with the guidewire (GW) passage success rate decreasing as the grade increases. We previously reported an effective GW crossing method for the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided parallel wiring of complex BTK CTO. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of EVT using IVUS-guided wiring for BTK CTO.

Materials and methods

This single center, retrospective study analyzed 65 consecutive BTK CTO vessels in which IVUS-guided wiring was attempted after the failure of a conventional antegrade wiring approach from November 2020 to November 2022. The primary endpoint was the clinical success of the target CTO vessel. The secondary endpoints were the GW success rate per grade based on the J-BTK CTO score, number of GW used for CTO crossing, fluoroscopy time, and complications.

Results

Target vessels were the anterior tibial artery (66.2% of cases), peroneal artery (9.2%), and posterior tibial artery (24.6%). Blunt type CTO entry was performed in 55.4% of cases, calcification of entry was observed in 24.6% of cases, the mean occlusion length was 228.2 ± 93.7 mm, mean reference vessel diameter was 2.1 ± 0.71 mm, and outflow was absent in 38.5% of cases. J-BTK CTO scores of 0/1 (grade A), 2/3 (grade B), 4/5 (grade C), and 6 (grade D) were seen in 18.5%, 43.1%, 36.3%, and 1.5% of cases, respectively. The clinical success rate was 95.4%. The GW success rate by J-BTK CTO grade was as follows: grade A (100%), B (100%), C (91.7%), and D (0%). The mean number of GW used was 3.4 ± 1.4, the mean fluoroscopy time was 72.3 ± 32.5 min, and complications occurred in 7.7% of cases.

Conclusion

This study showed a very high clinical success rate despite the difficulty of BTK CTO. IVUS-guided EVT might be a feasible strategy for complex BTK CTO.
A structured approach to applying systems analysis methods for examining implementation mechanisms
Authors: Kim Bo , Cruden Gracelyn , Crable Erika L. , Quanbeck Andrew , Mittman Brian S. , Wagner Anjuli D.
Published: October 2023

Background

It is challenging to identify and understand the specific mechanisms through which an implementation strategy affects implementation outcomes, as implementation happens in the context of complex, multi-level systems. These systems and the mechanisms within each level have their own dynamic environments that change frequently. For instance, sequencing may matter in that a mechanism may only be activated indirectly by a strategy through another mechanism. The dosage or strength of a mechanism may vary over time or across different health care system levels. To elucidate the mechanisms relevant to successful implementation amidst this complexity, systems analysis methods are needed to model and manage complexity.

Methods

The fields of systems engineering and systems science offer methods—which we refer to as systems analysis methods—to help explain the interdependent relationships between and within systems, as well as dynamic changes to systems over time. When applied to studying implementation mechanisms, systems analysis methods can help (i) better identify and manage unknown conditions that may or may not activate mechanisms (both expected mechanisms targeted by a strategy and unexpected mechanisms that the methods help detect) and (ii) flexibly guide strategy adaptations to address contextual influences that emerge after the strategy is selected and used.

Results

In this paper, we delineate a structured approach to applying systems analysis methods for examining implementation mechanisms. The approach includes explicit steps for selecting, tailoring, and evaluating an implementation strategy regarding the mechanisms that the strategy is initially hypothesized to activate, as well as additional mechanisms that are identified through the steps. We illustrate the approach using a case example. We then discuss the strengths and limitations of this approach, as well as when these steps might be most appropriate, and suggest work to further the contributions of systems analysis methods to implementation mechanisms research.

Conclusions

Our approach to applying systems analysis methods can encourage more mechanisms research efforts to consider these methods and in turn fuel both (i) rigorous comparisons of these methods to alternative mechanisms research approaches and (ii) an active discourse across the field to better delineate when these methods are appropriate for advancing mechanisms-related knowledge.
Maximum power point tracking of a partially shaded solar photovoltaic system using a modified firefly algorithm-based controller
Authors: John Idoko Sunday , Abdulkarim Abubakar , Olarinoye Gbenga A.
Published: October 2023

Solar photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the most promising power systems based on renewable energy sources, with several advantages compared to others. However, solar PV systems have a challenge of low conversion efficiency because most of the irradiances of the sun, which are channelled to the PV panels, are not fully utilized for power consumption. A more challenging situation of the system occurs when some of its panels are obstructed from full reception of the solar irradiance, a case referred to as partial shading conditions (PSC) in solar PV systems. This leads to the generation of multiple, unequal power peaks in the system, from which the one with the highest power must be tracked for optimum utilization of the system. To this regard, this work presents a modified firefly algorithm-based controller, tied operationally with a DC–DC boost converter. A model was developed and simulated on MATLAB, for tracking the maximum power point of the system, both at constant solar irradiance and at PSC.
Challenges in strategies for Amyand hernia in children: literature review with clinical illustrations
Authors: Klyuev Sergey , Azizoğlu Mustafa
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Amyand hernia (AH) is a rare disease, so there are no standard strategies and there are many different aspects at each stage of its management. Based on our own experience, we encountered these differences even in a small number of cases and therefore sought to review the literature to highlight the diversity of approaches to this pathology. This review of the literature was not intended to describe the statistical findings found in the clinical case series, but rather to highlight the clinical and surgical difficulties of AH in children. Nevertheless, we conducted an introductory statistical study based on data from PubMed and Google Scholar to understand the global prevalence of AH.

Materials and methods

The search for the key terms Amyand hernia, Amyand’s hernia, and “children” between 2003 and 2023 resulted in 52 PubMed and 548 Google Scholar articles.

Results

After the exclusion of irrelevant studies, 101 articles were found. A total of 83 case reports describing 182 pediatric patients were used to understand the demographic distribution of this pathology. Given the impossibility of further comprehensive statistical analysis (due to heterogeneous data), a narrative design was used to describe the remaining aspects of AH management. Finally, three clinical cases demonstrated the mentioned aspects.

Discussion

As a result of the search, conclusions were drawn about the main difficulties in the management of AH in children, which were discussed.
Bowlby's trilogy
Authors: Holmes Jeremy
Published: October 2023

John Bowlby's ‘Attachment and Loss’ trilogy set the scene for half a century of attachment research and theorising. This article picks out the key themes of his work – the attachment dynamic, the impact of trauma and life events, defensive exclusion, loss and bereavement, and internal working models – and points to their continuing relevance.
Sustained Pituitary T3 Production Explains the T4-mediated TSH Feedback Mechanism
Authors: Batistuzzo Alice , Salas-Lucia Federico , Gereben Balázs , Ribeiro Miriam O , Bianco Antonio C
Published: October 2023

The regulation of thyroid activity and thyroid hormone (TH) secretion is based on feedback mechanisms that involve the anterior pituitary TSH and medial basal hypothalamus TSH-releasing hormone. Plasma T3 levels can be “sensed” directly by the anterior pituitary and medial basal hypothalamus; plasma T4 levels require local conversion of T4 to T3, which is mediated by the type 2 deiodinase (D2). To study D2-mediated T4 to T3 conversion and T3 production in the anterior pituitary gland, we used mouse pituitary explants incubated with 125I-T4 for 48 hours to measure T3 production at different concentrations of free T4. The results were compared with cultures of D1- or D2-expressing cells, as well as freshly isolated mouse tissue. These studies revealed a unique regulation of the D2 pathway in the anterior pituitary gland, distinct from that observed in nonpituitary tissues. In the anterior pituitary, increasing T4 levels reduced D2 activity slightly but caused a direct increase in T3 production. However, the same changes in T4 levels decreased T3 production in human HSkM cells and murine C2C12 cells (both skeletal muscle) and mouse bone marrow tissue, which reached zero at 50 pM free T4. In contrast, the increase in T4 levels caused the pig kidney LLC-PK1 cells and kidney fragments to proportionally increase T3 production. These findings have important implications for both physiology and clinical practice because they clarify the mechanism by which fluctuations in plasma T4 levels are transduced in the anterior pituitary gland to mediate the TSH feedback mechanism.
Weight Loss Effect of GLP-1 RAs With Endoscopic Bariatric Therapy and Bariatric Surgeries
Authors: Imam Ahmad , Alim Hussam , Binhussein Mohammad , Kabli Abdulrahman , Alhasnani Husam , Allehyani Abdullah , Aljohani Ammar , Mohorjy Ahmad , Tawakul Abdullah , Samannodi Mohammed , Taha Wael
Published: October 2023

Background

Different treatment modalities are available for obesity management, including lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, endoscopic interventions, and surgeries. Limited evidence is available on the weight loss effect of combining glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) with endoscopic bariatric therapy (EBT) and bariatric surgeries (BS).

Objectives

In this systematic review, we compared the weight loss effect and metabolic changes of combining GLP-1 RAs with EBT and BS.

Methods

Literature searches were performed in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, and PRISMA databases. Only randomized control trials and retrospective studies were included.

Results

A total of 11 studies was included. Nine studies compared BS with and without liraglutide and 2 compared EBT with and without liraglutide. Adding liraglutide to EBT or BS provided significant weight loss when compared with EBT or BS alone. When changes in weight were compared across the studies, EBT with liraglutide showed a weight loss effect comparable to the net weight loss (ie, nadir weight loss after BS-regained weight) achieved following BS alone.

Conclusion

This review showcases a promising approach for managing obesity that combines GLP-1 RAs with EBT. This approach is expected to achieve shorter hospital stays, fewer side effects, and longer term weight loss benefits than BS alone. However, additional prospective studies with higher quality, more consistent outcome measures for weight loss and metabolic changes are needed to further evaluate the approach.
The Political Lives of Infrastructure
Authors: Attewell Wesley , Mitchell-Eaton Emily , Nisa Richard
Published: October 2023

This issue explores the historical production of infrastructures as places of resistance and world-building for workers, villagers, and migrants across the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries—a period when narratives about the role of infrastructure as a conduit for modernization, development, and the centralizing capacities of the state had broad purchase. Contributions invite consideration of two questions. First, what struggles do histories of infrastructural power reveal if infrastructures are delinked from master narratives tying them to state and state-backed centralization? While development, nation building, and extraction are often state-sponsored or state-backed projects, the articles here demonstrate that modern states are not the only wielders of infrastructural power. Second, how does this decentering of the state in infrastructural analyses transform the stakes of radical political activity and the work of radical historical actors? In highlighting a different, more localized scale of infrastructural production and relation building—both within and beyond the bounds of the nation-state—contributors to this issue resituate ostensibly disparate, small sites as key to larger political struggles and frame everyday forms of “getting by” as resistance.
Bound Passages
Authors: Vũ Jason Tuấn
Published: October 2023

This article traces the settler-colonial histories of Daniel K. Inouye International Airport (HNL) in Hawai‘i and Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport (GUM) in Guåhan (Guam) to chart the role of Indigenous dispossession in facilitating ongoing carceral transits across the Pacific. Focusing on the March 2021 deportation of thirty-three Vietnamese refugees from the United States, it situates the deportation flight’s layovers at HNL and GUM within larger processes of racial-colonial violence that constitute the development and operation of both airports. In this sense, HNL and GUM reveal the palimpsestic nature of Hawai‘i and Guåhan as sites of colonial occupation that, in turn, are used to bolster the further transit of global US empire. This essay thus attempts to chart a critical transpacific geography that links the settler-colonial and carceral dimensions of US empire through the issue of Southeast Asian deportation.
Uneven Mobilities
Authors: Valadares Desiree
Published: October 2023

This article studies the Hope–Princeton Highway, a regional route in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, through the lens of uneven mobilities. Bringing together insights from infrastructure studies, mobility studies, and settler colonial studies, uneven mobilities is a concept that historicizes mobility research in terms of colonial and carceral logics. Using this concept, the article provides insight into political actors, namely incarcerated forced laborers of Japanese descent, whose unjust confinement and forced labor on this infrastructural route remained unacknowledged until recently. The article relies on a range of archival sources that engage the visual culture of the highway and the subtle linkages between an imagined scenic landscape and an imagined multicultural Canada. The article also narrates this highway route by constructing pictorial and landscape relationships of colonialism and carcerality, linking it to uneven mobilities and economic development through the ubiquitous highway road sign—a contemporary initiative to mark and interpret sites of historical and cultural importance along this and other BC routes. The article then explores the infrastructural politics of this route at the scale of the body to highlight modes of resistance. This article advances a tentative theory of uneven mobilities by centering so-called road disturbances through acts of resistance such as rest, play, and work stoppages to reveal how uneven mobilities are entwined with the production of embodied subjectivities.
Whither Abolition?
Authors: Teed Patrick
Published: October 2023

This article proposes that a brutal empiricism, constituted in abolitionism’s originary iterations, authorizes contemporary abolitionist politics, interrogating how the focalization of the prison over slavery reveals politicallibidinal investments in the reproduction of antiblackness. It argues that asserting the prison as the object of abolition both presumes and reifies an antiblack historiography, repeating the ruse of Emancipation (therefore imagining racial slavery to be a historical condition) while simultaneously deploying slavery’s idiom to animate a contemporary postracial politics. To arrive at this critique, the essay offers an analysis of the epistemic brutality subtending abolitionist politics during the long nineteenth century to put pressure on its circulation within ostensibly radical political imaginaries today. In other words, it argues that just as the originary abolitionists distorted the political demands of the enslaved to consolidate liberal humanism, so, too, do contemporary deployments of abolition similarly sediment enslavement as a regime of power.
Epicures in Kissing: Asexuality inVenus and Adonis
Authors: Swarbrick Steven
Published: October 2023

Freud’s readings of Shakespeare are notorious for their universalizing claims about human sexuality. What is less commonly noticed, and what this article foregrounds, is the asexuality that underwrites psychoanalytic theories of sex. Venus and Adonis shows that Shakespeare’s poem is replete with asexual encounters. In other words, it is not Adonis alone who spurns sexual romance. Venus’s insatiable kissing is a textbook example of Freud’s point about the paradoxicality of sex: when it comes to the pleasures of kissing, Freud says, “It’s a pity I can’t kiss myself.” This essay reads asexuality not as a particular orientation; rather, it asks how asexuality, psychoanalysis, and Shakespeare disorient our readings of sex.
Imagining the Nation as a “Web” of Animals
Authors: Wanniarachchi Senel
Published: October 2023

While existing scholarship is largely interested in exploring how a particular (nonhuman) animal symbol is mobilized to support a specific exclusionary agenda, what happens when the very nation is imagined as a “web” of different constituent “species”? In this article, the author examines four nonhuman animal symbols—the lion, the tiger, the pig, and the butterfly, which have been mobilized in Sri Lanka to delineate (imaginary) boundaries between different communities that reside there. The article combines critical animal studies and nationalism studies scholarship with affect theory to complicate the current understandings on the relationships between animality, affect, and nationalism. A focus on affect, the author argues, can open up a line of inquiry that is invisible to our current accounts on the relationships between animality and nationalism by demonstrating how animality can be instrumentalized as a tool for not only domination and subordination but also subversion, refusal, and contestation. Tracing the different ways in which animality gets mobilized to represent various communities that reside within the nation, the article highlights the complex ways in which animality can be mobilized within nation-building and how bodies negotiate and respond to such assignations.
Anteromedial Petrous (Gardner's) Triangle: Surgical Anatomy and Relevance for Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Petrous Apex and Petroclival Region
Authors: Coutinho da Silva Martin B. , Hernández Hernández Vanessa , Gupta Prakash , Lavinsky Joel , Zenonos Georgios A. , Wang Eric W. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Triangular corridors have been used as reliable surgical entry points for open transcranial approaches to the petrous apex (PA) and petroclival region (PCR). The endoscopic endonasal approaches have grown rapidly in the last decade, and the indications have advanced. The knowledge of accurate and reliable anatomic landmarks through endoscopic endonasal route is essential and remain to be established. The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility and surgical exposure of the anteromedial petrous (Gardner's) triangle as a novel corridor to the PA and PCR.

METHODS:

Five anatomic specimens were dissected. The PA and PCR were accessed through endoscopic endonasal approaches and contralateral transmaxillary approach. The limits of the anteromedial petrous (Gardner's) triangle were identified and dissected and associated measurements performed.

RESULTS:

The dissection was divided into 6 steps. The limits of the anteromedial petrous (Gardner's) triangle were identified and defined by the paraclival internal carotid artery anterolaterally, the abducens nerve posteromedially, and the petroclival synchondrosis inferiorly. Three lines were established following the limits of the triangle. The mean distance of the anterolateral limit was 10.03 mm (SD = 0.94), of the posteromedial limit was 20.06 mm (SD = 2.90), and of the inferior limit was 17.99 mm (SD = 2.99). The mean area was 87.56 mm2 (SD = 20.06). The 3 anatomic landmarks with a critical role to safely define the triangle were the pterygosphenoidal fissure, the petrosal process of the sphenoid bone, and the petroclival synchondrosis.

CONCLUSION:

The anteromedial (Gardner's) triangle is a well-defined bone corridor which provides access to the entire petrous bone and petroclival junction through endoscopic endonasal route. Regardless of the anatomic variations or tumor location, the landmarks of the abducens nerve, paraclival internal carotid artery, and petroclival synchondrosis are key for understanding lateral access to tumors extending from the clivus.
Next generation marker-based vector concepts for rapid and unambiguous identification of single and double homozygous transgenic organisms
Authors: Strobl Frederic , Ratke Julia , Krämer Franziska , Utta Ana , Becker Sigrun , Stelzer Ernst H. K.
Published: October 2023

For diploid model organisms, the actual transgenesis processes require subsequent periods of transgene management, which are challenging in emerging model organisms due to the lack of suitable methodology. We used the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, a stored-grain pest, to perform a comprehensive functional evaluation of our AClashOfStrings (ACOS) and the combined AGameOfClones/AClashOfStrings (AGOC/ACOS) vector concepts, which use four clearly distinguishable markers to provide full visual control over up to two independent transgenes. We achieved comprehensive statistical validation of our approach by systematically creating seventeen novel single and double homozygous sublines intended for fluorescence live imaging, including several sublines in which the microtubule cytoskeleton is labeled. During the mating procedures, we genotyped more than 20,000 individuals in less than 80 working hours, which corresponds to about 10 to 15 s per individual. We also confirm the functionality of our combined concept in two double transgene special cases, i.e. integration of both transgenes in close proximity on the same chromosome and integration of one transgene on the X allosome. Finally, we discuss our vector concepts regarding performance, genotyping accuracy, throughput, resource saving potential, fluorescent protein choice, modularity, adaptation to other diploid model organisms and expansion capability.
Spatial transcriptomics map of the embryonic mouse brain – a tool to explore neurogenesis
Authors: Di Marco Barbara , Vázquez-Marín Javier , Monyer Hannah , Centanin Lázaro , Alfonso Julieta
Published: October 2023

The developing brain has a well-organized anatomical structure comprising different types of neural and non-neural cells. Stem cells, progenitors and newborn neurons tightly interact with their neighbouring cells and tissue microenvironment, and this intricate interplay ultimately shapes the output of neurogenesis. Given the relevance of spatial cues during brain development, we acknowledge the necessity for a spatial transcriptomics map accessible to the neurodevelopmental community. To fulfil this need, we generated spatially resolved RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data from embryonic day 13.5 mouse brain sections immunostained for mitotic active neural and vascular cells. Unsupervised clustering defined specific cell type populations of diverse lineages and differentiation states. Differential expression analysis revealed unique transcriptional signatures across specific brain areas, uncovering novel features inherent to particular anatomical domains. Finally, we integrated existing single-cell RNAseq datasets into our spatial transcriptomics map, adding tissue context to single-cell RNAseq data. In summary, we provide a valuable tool that enables the exploration and discovery of unforeseen molecular players involved in neurogenesis, particularly in the crosstalk between different cell types.
Ascenção da Ciência Aberta e os critérios Qualis Capes Educação
Authors: Fialho Lia Machado Fiuza , Costa Maria Aparecida Alves da , Vasconcelos Karla Colares , Brandenburg Cristine , Alves Lia Mara Silva
Published: October 2023

O trabalho trata da relação entre os pilares da Ciência Aberta (CA) e os critérios utilizados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) para avaliar os periódicos científicos na área da Educação (2017-2020). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva e correlacional porque fornece uma descrição dos critérios utilizados no Qualis Educação e as possíveis relações existentes entre eles e os pilares da CA. O objetivo foi demonstrar o descompasso entre os critérios utilizados para avaliar os periódicos da área da Educação e a valorização da CA. Constatou-se que a publicação em acesso aberto, a avaliação por pares aberta, a disponibilização de dados e cadernos de campo aberto e os recursos educacionais abertos não são considerados na avaliação e na estratificação dos periódicos realizados pela Capes na área de Educação. Conclui-se que o modelo avaliativo implementado, ao valorizar prioritariamente o número de citações em artigos, a indexação e a internacionalização, relegou os pilares da Ciência Aberta à invisibilidade, não estimulando sua implementação. Sugere-se o redimensionamento dos critérios para a avaliação de periódicos, considerando a emergência da CA para impulsionar sua adoção nos periódicos brasileiros.
Aprendizagem espaçada e recordação ativa no ensino de Medicina: revisão integrativa
Authors: Otôni Espíndola Rocha Caio César , Autran Coelho Peixoto Raquel
Published: October 2023

Discentes de Medicina utilizam diversas metodologias para estudar e apoiar seu aprendizado. Atualmente, são discutidas cada vez mais técnicas que possibilitem a melhor retenção de conhecimento e a aprendizagem significativa. Entre estas, a neurociência afirma que a recordação ativa e a repetição espaçada podem trazer benefícios maiores quando comparadas a técnicas como métodos passivos de estudo. Alguns exemplos de metodologias para aplicação dessas técnicas são os testes, que podem ser realizados de diversas formas, como por meio de quizzes ou flashcards. Flashcards podem ser escritos em cartões físicos, porém, atualmente, são mais utilizados como cartões eletrônicos com perguntas e respostas. Além do benefício de aumentar a retenção de conhecimento, a utilização de testes também pode auxiliar os alunos a entenderem onde há lacunas em seu conhecimento. Já a repetição espaçada diz respeito à ação de dividir em intervalos a revisitação a certo assunto, buscando revisar de forma recorrente e estruturada, ou mesmo dividir em intervalos maiores sessões de treinamento ou aprendizado. Ambas (repetição espaçada e recordação ativa) podem trazer diversos benefícios ao aluno.
In situ observation of circadian rhythm of polyps’ opening and closing of the coral Dendrophyllia ramea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: SALVATI EVA , PROVENZANI CLAUDIO , D'AMBROSI ANDREA , FINOIA MARIA GRAZIA , ROMANO ELENA , Canese Simonepietro
Published: October 2023

A widespread population of the coral Dendrophyllia ramea has been revealed southeast of Syracuse (East Sicily, Italy) at around 75 m depth. Dendrophyllia ramea is an arborescent scleractinian coral, classified as “Vulnerable” in the Mediterranean IUCN Red List and listed in Annex B of the Barcelona Convention. It is considered rare because it is seldom recorded on the Mediterranean seabed. In situ observations of two selected colonies were carried out over three months using a custom-made underwater video recording system to increase knowledge about the ecology of the species, specifically its circadian rhythm. The area was also surveyed using a special navigation system integrated into a diver propulsion vehicle to map the colonies’ position and distribution. The rhythms of the opening and closing of Dendrophyllia ramea’s polyps during the day were studied and linked to environmental factors, such as temperature, water flow, and direction.
The results show that Dendrophyllia ramea opens and closes its polyps according to its circadian rhythm and water flow in analogy with other anthozoans in different environments. The opening/closing frequency analysis showed that both colonies closed at least once daily with different periodicity; one colony closed on average a few hours earlier. This project gathered important information on D. ramea’s circadian rhythm, which is relevant for improving knowledge about the ecology of this species since it provides insights into its feeding behavior, reproduction seasonality, response to environmental changes, interactions with other species, and conservation needs.
Language ideologies against norm change: A case study of the orthographic norm of Finnish O(i)ttA-verbs and language professionals’ unwillingness to change it
Authors: Pajunen Henni
Published: October 2023

This study investigates why language professionals of the standard Finnish language are unwilling to change a known problematic orthographic norm and how their arguments are based on overt and covert conceptions of standard language. It also analyzes how dominant language ideologies, namely standard language ideology (SLI) and linguistic purism, form the bases of these conceptions. The study is based on a qualitative survey, and it explores the metalanguage of the answers to one open-ended question using content analysis.
The concepts of language are presented as conceptual metaphors. The analysis reveals six concepts that represent a particular ideological notion belonging to purism, SLI, or both. The respondents conceptualize language as value judgments and through functions and social connotations. Some concepts are based on non-linguistic but emotionally powerful values, others on usability or language’s ability to serve as a marker of status or social bonds. The study highlights the deep impact of language ideologies.

Kokkuvõte. Henni Pajunen: Normingu muutmisega seotud keeleideloogiad: soome keele O(i)ttA-tegusõnade ortograafianormingu juhtumiuuring ja keeleprofessionaalide soovimatus normingut muuta. See artikkel uurib, miks soome keeleprofessionaalid ei soovi laialt tuntud problemaatilise ortograafianormingu muutmist ja kuidas nende argumendid põhinevad avalikel ja varjatud arusaamadel normitud keelest. Samuti analüüsib artikkel, kuidas peamised keelelised ideoloogiad – standardkeeleideoloogia ja purism – on nende arusaamade aluseks. Artikkel põhineb kvalitatiivsel uuringul ja selles käsitletakse sisuanalüüsi abil ühele avatud küsimusele antud vastuste metakeelt. Keelega seotud mõisted on esitatud mõistemetafooridena. Analüüsis tõuseb esile kuus mõistet, mis esindavad purismi, standardkeeleideoloogiat või mõlemat. Küsitlusele vastajad mõtestavad keelt väärtushinnangutena ning seda keele funktsioonide ja sotsiaalsete konnotatsioonide kaudu. Mõned kontseptsioonid põhinevad mittekeelelistel, kuid emotsionaalselt tugevatel väärtustel, teised kasutatavusel või keele võimel olla staatuse või sotsiaalsete sidemete markeriks. Uurimus tõstab esile keeleideoloogiate tugeva mõju.
Keep Off My Turf! Low-Status Managers’ Territoriality as a Response to Employees’ Novel Ideas
Authors: Venkataramani Vijaya , Derfler-Rozin Rellie , Liu Xin , Mao Jih-Yu
Published: October 2023

Although employees come up with creative (i.e., novel and useful) ideas, many of those ideas are not endorsed or implemented by managers. In shedding light on this phenomenon, we propose that managers who have lower social status in the organization are more likely to reject employees’ novel (but still useful) ideas. Guided by associative-propositional evaluation theory (AP-E) and the literature on the psychology of having low status, we hypothesize that when employees propose novel (compared with more mundane) ideas, it triggers greater feelings of insecurity and threat in low-status (versus high-status) managers, who perceive that these employees, if successful, could potentially infringe on their own domains at work. In turn, such low-status managers feel the need to be territorial—that is, to maintain and protect their existing work domains from potential infringement by others—and therefore refrain from endorsing their employees’ novel, yet useful ideas. However, we suggest that such negative effects are attenuated when low-status managers have high levels of organizational identification, allowing them to subordinate their self-interest to the interests of the broader organization. We demonstrate these effects in four preregistered studies—three laboratory experiments and a field study (with real employee ideas provided to managers for their assessment). We discuss the implications for the literature on the receiving side of creativity, territoriality, and status in organizations.

Funding: This research was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72002214, 72372151 and 72302122] and Humanities and Social Sciences Research of Ministry of Education of China [Grant 22YJC630105].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.15132 .
A Retrospective Study on the Availability of Arterial Lactate Levels as a Biomarker of Mortality in Critically Ill Children
Authors: GİRGİN Bahar , CEYLAN Gokhan , SARAÇ SANDAL Özlem , ATAKUL Gülhan , ÇOLAK Mustafa , İŞGÜDER Rana , AĞIN Hasan
Published: October 2023

Objective: We aimed to determine the threshold value of lactate levels, and to analyze its avaliability as mortality biomarker by correlating it with scoring systems in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Material and Methods: Observational retrospective cohort study. Our study was conducted among patients admitted to the 24-bed tertiary PICU of our hospital in 2015. All children between the ages of 1 month and 18 years were evaluated. Among 433 patients whose arterial blood gases were obtained during hospitalization, a total of 382 were included in the study. Patients with congenital metabolic disease with lactic acidosis were excluded.
The arterial blood lactate levels on admission, PIM-2, PRISM-III and PELOD scores and survival status of the patients were evaluated. Correlation between lactate levels and mortality scores, threshold values of lactate levels and the factors affecting mortality risk were the main variable of interest.

Results: There was a significant correlation between lactate levels and scores in patients who died (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that blood lactate level was an effective parameter on mortality (area under the curve=AUC: 0.861; p<0.001) with a cut-off value of 2.55 mmol/L. The mortality risk was 1.38 fold higher in patients with higher levels of lactate.

Conclusion: In our series, the levels of lactate were higher in critically ill children who died. Again, lactate levels and mortality scores of these children were correlated. In our series, the levels of lactate were higher in critically ill children who died. Again, lactate levels and mortality scores of these children were correlated. We were able to establish a cut-off point with high specificity for predicting evolution. These findings should be validated in prospective and multicenter studies for their incorporation into scoring systems.
A canção Kikiô – uma discussão sobre as narrativas indígenas a partir dos arranjos nas gravações da banda Tarancón e de Almir Sater
Authors: Fujiyama Laís , Teixeira William
Published: October 2023

Este artigo discute as narrativas indígenas sob a ótica da canção enquanto campo de diálogo entre música e literatura, considerando dois arranjos da música Kikiô, de Geraldo Espíndola: o primeiro é o da banda Tarancón (LP Mama Hue em 1988) e o outro na voz do cantor Almir Sater (CD O violeiro canta, em 2016). Para esta discussão trazemos o conceito de Outridade de Kilomba (2019) e as perspectivas de líderes e escritores indígenas como Kopenawa e Potiguara, com objetivo de responder questões como: Como uma canção pode conferir uma narrativa que protagoniza os povos originários? Em quais aspectos os arranjos contribuem para um espaço narrativo que se dialogue com a cultura dos povos originários? As análises foram guiadas pelos autores White (1976), Copland (2013) e Jardim (2016). Ao final da discussão os resultados apontaram as diferenças dos arranjos na questão da narrativa do mito Kikiô, demonstrando que a gravação da banda Tarancón contribui de forma contundente à narrativa dos povos originários, ao contemplar instrumentos primitivos e priorizar o aspecto vocal; já na gravação de Almir Sater vimos um arranjo que com sua roupagem eletrônica coloca em evidência o saxofone e suprime a letra sem dialogar com o universo indígena.