bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Hyperdense Artery Sign in Early Detection of Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Validation Study
Authors: Waheed Yusra , Rangwala Hussain Sohail , Fatima Hareer , Riaz Faiza , Mubarak Fatima
Published: August 2023

Background

Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) on a non-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scan is considered an important radiological marker in detecting acute arterial thrombotic occlusion, and it is one of the earliest signs of ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This finding has been observed within 90 min of symptom onset. Modern approaches to patients with cerebral infarction emphasize early diagnosis and management.

Purpose

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of hyperdense artery signs in early detection of middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction on non-contrast-enhanced MDCT scan using Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) within 24 h as the gold standard for definitive diagnosis.

Method

A total of 140 patients aged 35–70 years, referred to the radiology department of Aga Khan University Hospital with clinical suspicion of acute cerebral infarction, were included. After clinical suspicion of acute infarction, the patient underwent an initial complete MDCT scan of the brain, which was performed using Aquilion ONE 640 slice MDCT (Toshiba Medical Systems, Japan). Consultant radiologists, with a minimum of 5 years of experience in MDCT brain imaging, interpreted the images. Follow-up examination with MRA within 24 h was performed to confirm the diagnosis of MCA infarction.

Results

Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of HMCAS in the early detection of MCA infarction on non-contrast-enhanced MDCT scan using MRA as the gold standard for definitive diagnosis was 96.20%, 93.44%, 95.0%, 95.0%, and 95.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

This study concluded that the diagnostic accuracy of hyperdense artery signs in the early detection of MCA infarction on non-contrast-enhanced MDCT scans is very high.
The Deadly Cost of Informal Lending: An Economic Model of Agrarian Suicide in Punjab
Authors: Johnson Daniel K. N. , Singh Lakhwinder , Bhangoo Kesar Singh , Qin Tianyi (Lincy)
Published: August 2023

The Indian state of Punjab, which initially benefited greatly from the green revolution, has suffered from a dramatic rise in agrarian suicides for several decades. We use a carefully constructed sample of over 1,000 farmers in the epicentre, and build a three-stage model of agricultural production decisions across multiple input and multiple output choices, indebtedness from multiple sources and suicide via an IPWRA (inverse probability weighted regression adjustment) treatment model to trace the potential roots of the situation. Results show that the use of informal credit from commission agents by farmers accounts for 10 percentage points (or 20%) of all suicides in our sample, regardless of other household factors and choices.
The Effect of Fear of Happiness as a Cultural Phenomenon on Anxiety and Self-Efficacy in the Puerperae
Authors: Türkmen Hülya , Sezer Fatma
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Individuals who believe that experiencing positive emotions such as happiness could lead to negative results can suppress their authentic positive feelings to prevent undesired consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of fear of happiness as a cultural phenomenon among puerperal women and the effects of fear of happiness on anxiety and self-efficacy in these women.

Method:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the puerperal service of a hospital in Turkey between September 2021 and June 2022 ( n = 287). The study data were collected through State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale (STAI-I and STAI-II), General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale, and Fear of Happiness Scale (FHS).

Results:

There was a significant relationship between STAI-II and GSE and FHS scores, which explained 43.4% ( R2 = .434) of the variance ( p < .001). Also, a significant relationship of GSE with working at an income-generating job, STAI-I, and STAI-II was found ( p = .008, p = .040, p < .001, respectively). It was found that the puerperae who stated that they needed training on the postpartum process and baby care had high levels of fear of happiness ( p = .007).

Discussion:

Screening puerperae in terms of fear of happiness is important for determining their psychological well-being. Health care professionals should be aware that fear of happiness as a cultural approach negatively affects anxiety and therefore self-efficacy levels of puerperae. Providing a comprehensive training to the puerperae on parenthood and self-efficacy as well as mental health support is important for them to cope with fear of happiness.
Examining Inclusive Preschool Teachers’ Perspectives and Practices: A Mixed-Methods Investigation
Authors: D’Agostino Sophia R. , Horton Elizabeth
Published: August 2023

Many factors influence the quality of preschool inclusion classrooms. A total of 35 inclusive preschool teachers across a variety of organizational contexts completed a questionnaire containing open-ended and closed-ended questions to understand their beliefs (i.e., self-efficacy, attitudes, and concerns) regarding inclusion. In addition, trained inclusive classroom profile (ICP) users observed the inclusive classrooms to collect ratings of inclusive quality. The purpose of this convergent mixed-methods study is to share teachers’ beliefs and observed practices to advance the field’s knowledge of preschool inclusion implementation. Results showed that teachers perceived a high level of self-efficacy toward including children with disabilities and positive attitudes toward the benefits of inclusion yet expressed the need for training and support. Observations of inclusive practices using the ICP revealed that the mean inclusive quality item scores ranged from minimal to good. Based on the results, implications for research and practice are discussed.
The Impact of Victim Demeanor on Jurors’ Perceptions of a Sexual Harassment Victim
Authors: Jenkins Baylee D. , Sawaya Sophia , Rawn Kyle P. , Pals Andrea M. , Le Grand Alexis M. , Levi Mary M. , Golding Jonathan M.
Published: August 2023

Despite the prevalence of sexual harassment in the workplace, little research has investigated the role of victim demeanor in perceptions of sexual harassment cases. The present study varied whether the victim cried while testifying by using drawings of the victim. Participants were presented with a civil trial summary and asked to make trial-related judgments. Overall, factors representing participants’ perceptions of victim credibility and victim negative emotions were higher when the victim cried than when she did not. The factor representing victim credibility also mediated the relationship between victim demeanor and trial outcomes. Finally, cognitive networks demonstrated that victim demeanor was important to participants’ decision-making. The legal implications of the findings are discussed.
Effect of pulsed electric field treated on quality of curd
Authors: Preeti Birwal , Ravindra Menon Rekha , Shivaram M , Gajanan Deshmukh P. , Singh Azad Mandeep
Published: August 2023

Pulsed electric field (PEF) is a potential pre-treatment technique to improve the quality of milk by reducing its microbial load. The present study aims at addressing this issue with respect to a popular fermented dairy product, that is, curd. Milk was treated with high voltage and frequency (55 kV and 90 Hz) square waves of pulse width 900 µs for 100 s. Curd samples were prepared with conventional heat treatment (CHT), PEF-treated milk subjected to CHT (PT-CHT), and PEF-treated milk (PT). PT samples resulted in curd with higher acidity (0.17 ± 0.005% LA) and microbial load (6.65 ± 0.27 log CFU/g), while the PT-CHT samples resulted in curd with better whey holding capacity. The firmness recorded for CHT, PT-CHT, and PT was 1.15 ± 0.05, 1.32 ± 0.04, and 0.91 ± 0.03 N, respectively. PT-CHT showed a higher viscosity index, that is, 0.207 ± 0.005 g. Sensorial properties showed the acidic nature of PT-curd with greater syneresis and softer texture resulted in its poorer sensory scores for texture. Shelf-life analysis showed no significant difference between curd prepared using the CH and PT-CHT up to 12 days. The study demonstrated the potential of employing PEF with CHT for improving the texture and shelf life of curd without impacting its quality.
Participant diversity in clinical trials of rehabilitation interventions for people with multiple sclerosis: A scoping review
Authors: Finlayson Marcia , Al-Mashita Leyan , Sandhu Rebekah
Published: August 2023

Background:

The selection and description of participants in clinical trials enables health care providers to determine generalizability of findings to the populations they serve. Limited diversity of participants in trials restricts evidence-based decision-making.

Objectives:

To determine the extent to which diverse participants are being included in clinical trials of rehabilitation interventions for people with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:

We conducted a scoping review of MS rehabilitation trials published since January 2002 using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Covidence was used to facilitate the review. Article selection required randomized control design, a rehabilitation intervention, and a functional status outcome. Data extracted included details of intervention(s), outcomes, and participant selection and description using a social determinants of health framework.

Result:

A total of 243 studies were included. Exercise interventions and impairment-focused outcomes were most common. Most studies used only a MS Clinic for recruitment. Common exclusion criteria were physical or mental comorbidities, disability, age, and cognitive impairment. Participant age and sex were reported for almost all trials; reporting of other social determinants of health was atypical.

Conclusion:

MS rehabilitation trials have used limited recruitment methods, restricted samples, and reported few participant descriptors. Changes are required to enhance participant diversity and the descriptions of participant characteristics.
Intermediate outcomes for clinical trials of multiple sclerosis rehabilitation interventions: Conceptual and practical considerations
Authors: Finlayson Marcia , Feys Peter , Dalgas Ulrik , Kos Daphne
Published: August 2023

Background:

Rehabilitation is an essential health care service and a critical component of comprehensive multiple sclerosis (MS) care.

Objective:

As part of a 2-day meeting hosted by the International Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials in MS in December 2022, a panel initiated a discussion on the conceptual and practical issues related to selecting intermediate outcomes for clinical trials of MS rehabilitation interventions.

Results:

The overarching goal of rehabilitation – optimal functioning – was acknowledged as a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon that varies with patient priorities and environmental context. This complexity means that multiple causal pathways and potential intermediate outcomes must be carefully considered during the design of clinical trials in MS rehabilitation that aim to improve functioning. In addition, practical issues must be considered such as psychometric properties of outcome measures, measure type, and characteristics of the target population, including severity of dysfunction.

Conclusion:

This article uses the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a foundation for determining relevant intermediate outcomes for clinical trials of MS rehabilitation interventions.
Robot-assisted pelvic and renal surgery compared with laparoscopic or open surgery: Literature review of cost-effectiveness and clinical outcomes
Authors: Davidson Thomas , Sjödahl Rune , Aldman Åke , Lennmarken Claes , Kammerlind Ann-Sofi , Theodorsson Elvar
Published: August 2023

Background and aim:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical experiences and cost-effectiveness by comparing robot-assisted surgery with laparoscopic- or open surgery for pelvic and renal operations.

Methods:

A narrative review was carried out.

Results:

When using robotic-assisted surgery, oncological and functional results are similar to after laparoscopic or open surgery. One exception may be a shorter survival in cancer of the cervix uteri. In addition, postoperative complications after robotic-assisted surgery are similar, bleeding and transfusion needs are less, and the hospital stay is shorter but the preparation of the operating theater before and after surgery and the operation times are longer. Finally, robot-assisted surgery has, in several studies, been reported to be not cost-effective primarily due to high investment costs. However, more recent studies provide improved cost-effectiveness estimates due to more effective preparation of the operating theater before surgery, improved surgeon experience, and decreased investment costs.

Conclusions:

Complications and functional and oncological outcomes after robot-assisted surgery are similar to open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. The cost-effectiveness of robot-assisted surgery is likely to equal or surpass the alternatives.
Please help us: Canadian childcare providers’ calls for aid during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Prentice Susan , Protudjer Jennifer L P , Nijdam-Jones Alicia , Shaw Souradet Y , Kelly Lauren E , Gerstein Aleeza C
Published: August 2023

COVID-19 poses serious challenges to the health and safety of childcare providers, and these challenges were particularly acute in early 2022 during the first Omicron wave when vaccines were not available for children. Childcare providers work in environments where the recommended methods to minimize COVID-19 infection were often not possible to implement: children could not wear masks for extended periods and were not able to maintain physical distance. Under these pressures, Canada’s already-fragile childcare sector was strained, caregivers struggled, and existing deficiencies were exacerbated. As part of a larger quality assurance and improvement project examining the impacts of the pandemic on childcare in the Canadian prairie province of Manitoba, this paper reports on qualitative findings to make public health and policy recommendations for the childcare sector. Data were voluntarily provided by a sample of childcare providers between January 6–13, 2022. A thematic analysis of open-text responses was performed, finding: an urgent need for health and safety resources; a need for sustained support and guidelines; and an absence of value and respect. We also identified an emergent theme of gratitude, which was reflected by an overwhelming number of thanks to the project team for listening to the voices of childcare providers. We draw on our qualitative analysis to propose measures to improve public health and safety, funding, and infrastructure, as well as to underscore the importance of systematic data collection and evaluation to protect and support the essential childcare workforce through the COVID-19 pandemic and into the future.
Dual predictive model adaptive switching control for directional control of tractor semitrailer combinations
Authors: Xiaobing Chen , Qiang Yao
Published: August 2023

In order to ensure that safety and reliability of tractor semitrailer combinations (TSCs) on the road, the human drivers’ steering decisions need to comprehensively consider the trajectories and states of the tractor and semitrailer. For this purpose, a dual predictive model adaptive switching control decision for directional control is proposed. Firstly, a multi-point preview algorithm and a general regression neural network are designed to percept the current local target paths for the tractor and semitrailer. Then, a kinematic predictive model control algorithm for low-speed path tracking control and a dynamic predictive model control algorithm for high-speed path following and lateral stability control are established respectively. In addition, an S-type switching function is introduced to realize smooth switching between the two control algorithms. Finally, the directional control decision in this study is validated by the numerical simulations under different conditions and compared with single-point preview driver and the MPC driver without considering semitrailer. The results show that the proposed approach can accurately track the target path and effectively improve the high-speed lateral stability.
Magnesium sulfate enhances lipopolysaccharide tolerance
Authors: Chang Ya-Ying , Jean Wei-Horng , Lu Cheng-Wei , Lin Tzu-Yu
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance is the downregulation of LPS signaling after pre-exposure to LPS, and it provides protection against hyperactive inflammation. Cytokine production decreases during LPS tolerance, and the phenotype of LPS-tolerant monocytes shifts toward M2 (anti-inflammatory) type. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is a widely used anti-inflammatory agent. Although MgSO4 inhibits LPS signaling, the effect of MgSO4 on LPS tolerance is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of MgSO4 on LPS tolerance.

Methods

To induce LPS tolerance, THP-1 cells were stimulated with LPS (200 ng/mL, 2 h) after pre-exposure to LPS (200 ng/mL, 24 h) with or without pre-treatment of MgSO4 (20 mM, 24 h).

Results

Our results revealed that MgSO4 enhanced LPS tolerance by downregulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-6, and upregulating cluster of differentiation 163 (a M2-associated marker). Furthermore, the LPS-triggered upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) was significantly increased during LPS tolerance. MgSO4 activated PI3K, but inhibited NF-κB in LPS-stimulated cells. Notably, MgSO4 mitigated the signaling of both PI3K and NF-κB in LPS-tolerant cells, suggesting the effect of MgSO4 on LPS tolerance relies on the modulation of the crosstalk between PI3K and NF-κB.

Conclusion

MgSO4 enhanced LSP tolerance, thus providing evidence for a novel underlying mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of MgSO4.
Under surveillance: Does Global Positioning System monitoring of offenders reduce recidivism?
Authors: Hawkes Anna L , Sellbom Martin , Gilmour Fairleigh E
Published: August 2023

Appropriate supervision is critical in offender management, but requires effective tools to guide decisions and interventions. This research project investigated the effectiveness of Global Positioning System monitoring in reducing re-offending, while considering the impact of Global Positioning System monitoring on the offender’s well-being. The method consisted of evaluating a matched sample of Global Positioning System monitored offenders ( n = 220) versus non-Global Positioning System1 monitored ( n = 219) subject to extended supervision and parole orders over a 24-month follow-up period. All participants were male offenders released from prison within New Zealand. The results showed statistically significant differences for ‘non-violent’ and ‘violent’ re-offending rates, with Global Positioning System monitoring being associated with lower rates of recidivism. There was no evidence of increased distress in those men subject to Global Positioning System monitoring. This study provides novel information about Global Positioning System monitoring and contributes to our understanding of how this tool can reduce recidivism.
Consequences of field obstacles on tactical, conditional, and emotional dimensions in young female soccer players during small-sided games
Authors: Los Arcos Asier , Gonzalez-Artetxe Asier , Bayer-Perez Uxue , Folgado Hugo
Published: August 2023

This study aims to compare tactical, conditional, and emotional responses of young female soccer players with two small-sided games (SSG) conditions – with and without field obstacles. Twelve Spanish under-12 female soccer players (age: 12.5 ± 0.7 years) played two different 6-a-side SSGs (i.e. 5 vs 5 plus goalkeepers): one with field obstacles (SSGobstacles) and the other without these (SSGfree). Positional data were gathered using a GPS to measure tactical (distance between players, stretch-index [SI], spatial exploration index [SEI] and their normalized approximate entropy measures [ApEn norm], and longitudinal and lateral synchronizations) and conditional performances (total and walking, jogging, running, and high-speed running distances). Participants assessed the intensity of their emotional experience using the BECS scale of perceived enjoyment and competence. SSGobstacles reduced the SEI values ( p = 0.038, Cohen’s d = −0.40 [−0.77; −0.02]), impaired lateral synchronization ( p < 0.001, d = −0.62 [−0.89; −0.34]), and increased regularity (distance between playersApEn norm: p = 0.016, d = −0.32 [−0.58; −0.06]; SIApEn norm: p = 0.029, d = −0.42 [−0.79; −0.04]) of the tactical behavior in comparison to SSGfree. Players traveled more distance overall ( p = 0.009, d = 0.51 [0.13; 0.89]) and while running ( p = 0.028, d = 0.42 [0.04; 0.79]) during SSGobstacles in comparison to SSGfree. No significant differences between the two SSG conditions were apparent in players’ perceived enjoyment ( p = 0.060) and competence levels ( p = 0.530). Placing obstacles on the field during SSGs, compared with those free of obstructions, could decrease young female soccer players’ spatial exploration, stabilize their tactical behavior, and raise their physical effort.
Genital warts
Authors: Mark-Wagstaff Dr Charlotte , Kuchimanchi Dr Usha
Published: August 2023

Genital warts are highly prevalent within the population, and many patients present first to primary care. This article will provide an overview of presentation, differential diagnoses, investigation, and management of genital warts. It will also have a section on the initial and ongoing psychological impact on the patient from a diagnosis of genital warts, an often over-looked aspect of holistic care. The article aims to provide guidance on assessment and management of genital warts and to increase awareness of the mental health impacts that may be associated with the diagnosis.
Anesthesia Workspaces for Safe Medication Practices: Design Guidelines
Authors: MohammadiGorji Soheyla , Joseph Anjali , Mihandoust Sahar , Ahmadshahi Seyedmohammad , Allison David , Catchpole Ken , Neyens David , Abernathy James H.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Studies show that workspace for the anesthesia providers is prone to interruptions and distractions. Anesthesia providers experience difficulties while performing critical medication tasks such as medication preparation and administration due to poor ergonomics and configurations of workspace, equipment clutter, and limited space which ultimately may impact patient safety, length of surgery, and cost of care delivery. Therefore, improving design of anesthesia workspace for supporting safe and efficient medication practices is paramount.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to develop a set of evidence-based design guidelines focusing on design of anesthesia workspace to support safer anesthesia medication tasks in operating rooms (ORs).

Methods:

Data collection was based on literature review, observation, and coding of more than 30 prerecorded videos of outpatient surgical procedures to identify challenges experienced by anesthesia providers while performing medication tasks. Guidelines were then reviewed and validated using short survey.

Results:

Findings are summarized into seven evidence-based design guidelines, including (1) locate critical tasks within a primary field of vision, (2) eliminate travel into and through the anesthesia zone (for other staff), (3) identify and demarcate a distinct anesthesia zone with adequate space for the anesthesia provider, (4) optimize the ability to reposition/reconfigure the anesthesia workspace, (5) minimize clutter from equipment, (6) provide adequate and appropriately positioned surfaces for medication preparation and administration, and (7) optimize task and surface lighting.

Conclusion:

This study finds many areas for improving design of ORs. Improvements of anesthesia work area will call for contribution and cooperation of entire surgical team.
Does the First Step of the Induced-Hypocrisy Paradigm Really Matter? An Initial Investigation Using a Meta-Analytic Approach
Authors: Mauduy Maxime , Priolo Daniel , Margas Nicolas , Sénémeaud Cécile
Published: August 2023

The induced-hypocrisy paradigm is an effective two-step procedure—the behavioral standards salience step and the transgressions salience step—for encouraging normative behaviors. Recent findings have raised questions about the necessity of the first step in inducing behavioral change. This research aims to test the role of the standards salience step in the hypocrisy paradigm. To this end, we used a meta-analytic approach to test the moderation of standards salience on hypocrisy effect sizes. We compared 16 studies with “strong” standards salience with 19 studies with “weak” standards salience. The results revealed that, compared with control and transgressions-only conditions, the hypocrisy effect sizes were moderate in the “strong” standards group and weak or nonsignificant in the “weak” standards group. These results contribute to the further investigation of the processes underlying the hypocrisy paradigm and represent progress by identifying the optimal conditions for implementing its first step.
Reflexivity and Relational Spaces: Experiences of Conducting a Narrative Inquiry Study With Emerging Adult Women Living With Chronic Pain
Authors: Finlay Jenise , dela Cruz Aniela
Published: August 2023

Clandinin and Connelly’s narrative inquiry methodology was used to understand the lived and told stories of two emerging adult women (aged 18–29) living with chronic pain. The aim of this paper is to share the experiences of the first author—a graduate student and novice researcher—of creating relational spaces with emerging adult women living with chronic pain, and the experience of co-creating knowledge through the methodological lens of narrative inquiry. There are 12 qualitative touchstones that narrative inquirers attend to when using narrative inquiry, and we present the experiences of a novice narrative inquirer in relation to selected touchstones. Narrative inquiry can greatly contribute to nursing knowledge, and implications for nursing practice and research are discussed.
Long-Term Results of Primary Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Massive, Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears Without Glenohumeral Arthritis with a Mean Follow up of 9.4 Years
Authors: Varvitsiotis Dimitrios , Kokkineli Stefania , Feroussis Christopher , Apostolopoulos Nikos , Zakilas Dimitrios , Feroussis John
Published: August 2023

Background

The aim of this single-center study was to analyze the long-term clinical results of reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears without glenohumeral arthritis.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of 105 patients (115 shoulders) was conducted. The mean age of the patient group was 76 years (range, 65 to 87 years). The mean clinical follow-up was 9.4 years (range, 5 to 17 years). Pain, range of motion, and complication rates were analyzed pre-operatively and at the last follow-up.

Results

The mean Constant-Murley score increased from 29 points (range, 21 to 34 points) preoperatively to 68.1 points (range, 57 to 81 points) postoperatively (p<0.05). Scapular notching was present in 50 shoulders (43.5%) and it was grade 1 or 2 in 47 of 115 cases (40.9%) and grade 3 or 4 in 3 of 115 cases (2.6%). Complications occurred in 19 patients (17%). Seven patients (6%) underwent revision surgery. The mean satisfaction rate was 94%.

Conclusions

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty is a viable treatment for massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears without glenohumeral arthritis with satisfactory clinical outcomes and low complication and reoperation rates with a mean follow up of 9.4 years after surgery.
Antiproliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Deprungsith Formulation and Its Bioactive Compounds Against Mild Psoriasis and Potential of Metabolic Herb-Drug Interactions
Authors: Na-Bangchang Kesara , Teerachaisakul Monthaka , Muhamad Phunuch , Kasemnitichok Yositha , Sangnarong Nattida , Boonprasert Kanyarat , Tarasuk Mayuri , Plengsuriyakarn Tullayakorn
Published: August 2023

Psoriasis is an incurable, chronic and auto-immune skin disorder with a global prevalence rate of approximately 2–3%. The study investigated the antipsoriasis activities of Deprungsith formulation and its bioactive components and their potential for inhibitory activities on human cytochrome P450 (CYP450). HaCaT and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers (n = 9) and psoriasis patients (n = 10) were exposed to Deprungsith formulation (Thai traditional medicine for psoriasis consisting of 16 plants), ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC), ligustilide and cyclosporin for 24 and 48 h. The antiproliferative, cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest activities were evaluated using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression levels were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The CYP450 inhibitory effect was investigated using a bioluminescent-based CYP450 assay. Deprungsith formulation and the bioactive compounds inhibited HaCaT cells and PBMCs with weak to moderate potencies. EPMC and ligustilide combination produced an additive effect. Most substances arrested cell transition at sub-G1 and S phases, leading to early and late apoptosis induction. With prolonged exposure (48 h), all test substances decreased PBMCs necrosis. The mRNA expression of all pro-inflammatory cytokines was downregulated. Deprungsith formulation, EPMC, ligustilide and ferulic acid inhibited CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activities with weak to moderate potencies. Deprungsith formulation and bioactive components induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting cell transition at specific cell cycle phases, which was correlated with the mRNA downregulation of interleukin (IL-6, IL-12p19, IL-23) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). There is a low risk of potential adverse drug reactions and toxicity due to CYP450 interaction when Deprungsith formulation is concurrently administered with modern medicines.
Mangani-eckermannite, NaNa2(Mg4Mn3+)Si8O22(OH)2, a new amphibole from Tanohata Mine, Iwate Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Kasatkin Anatoly V. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Agakhanov Atali A. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Škoda Radek , Nestola Fabrizio , Belakovskiy Dmitry I. , Pekov Igor V.
Published: August 2023

Mangani-eckermannite, ideally NaNa2(Mg4Mn3+)Si8O22(OH)2, is a new member of the amphibole supergroup found at Tanohata Mine, Shimohei District, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. It occurs as prismatic crystals up to 0.3 × 0.2 mm and their aggregates up to 1 mm intergrown with braunite, vittinkiite and quartz. Mangani-eckermannite is cherry-red to very dark red and reddish-brown in thicker grains. It is translucent with a pinkish white streak and vitreous lustre. It is brittle, fracture is stepped along crystal elongation and uneven across a crystal. Cleavage is perfect on {110}. Mohs hardness is 6. Dmeas = 3.16(2) and Dcalc = 3.186 g/cm3. The mineral is optically biaxial (–), with α = 1.645(3), β = 1.668(2), γ = 1.675(3) (589 nm); 2Vmeas = 60(10)°, 2Vcalc = 57°. The empirical formula derived from electron microprobe analysis, secondary-ion mass spectrometry and single-crystal structure refinement and calculated on the basis of 24 (O+OH) atoms per formula unit (apfu) is A(Na0.74K0.24□0.02)Σ1.00B(Na1.52Ca0.24Mn2+0.24)Σ2.00C(Mg2.54Mn2+1.45Mn3+0.71Fe3+0.26Ti0.04)Σ5.00T(Si7.97Al0.03)Σ8.00O22W[(OH)1.52O0.48]Σ2.00. Mangani-eckermannite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 9.9533(4), b = 18.1440(7), c = 5.2970(2) Å, β = 103.948(4)°, V = 928.39(6) Å3 and Z = 2. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %)(hkl)] are: 8.52(100)(110); 4.54(25)(040); 3.41(29)(131); 3.16(23)(310,201); 2.721(37)(151); 2.533(26)($\bar{2}$02). The crystal structure was refined to R1 = 0.0264 for 1001 independent reflections with I > 2σ(I). The place of mangani-eckermannite in the nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup is discussed and the status of mangano-ferri-eckermannite as a valid mineral species and successor of ‘kôzulite’ is questioned.
Loss of endothelial membrane KIT ligand affects systemic KIT ligand levels but not bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Matsuoka Sahoko , Facchini Raffaella , Luis Tiago C. , Carrelha Joana , Woll Petter S. , Mizukami Takuo , Wu Bishan , Boukarabila Hanane , Buono Mario , Norfo Ruggiero , Arai Fumio , Suda Toshio , Mead Adam J. , Nerlov Claus , Jacobsen Sten Eirik W.
Published: August 2023

A critical regulatory role of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) vascular niches in the bone marrow has been implicated to occur through endothelial niche cell expression of KIT ligand. However, endothelial-derived KIT ligand is expressed in both a soluble and membrane-bound form and not unique to bone marrow niches, and it is also systemically distributed through the circulatory system. Here, we confirm that upon deletion of both the soluble and membrane-bound forms of endothelial-derived KIT ligand, HSCs are reduced in mouse bone marrow. However, the deletion of endothelial-derived KIT ligand was also accompanied by reduced soluble KIT ligand levels in the blood, precluding any conclusion as to whether the reduction in HSC numbers reflects reduced endothelial expression of KIT ligand within HSC niches, elsewhere in the bone marrow, and/or systemic soluble KIT ligand produced by endothelial cells outside of the bone marrow. Notably, endothelial deletion, specifically of the membrane-bound form of KIT ligand, also reduced systemic levels of soluble KIT ligand, although with no effect on stem cell numbers, implicating an HSC regulatory role primarily of soluble rather than membrane KIT ligand expression in endothelial cells. In support of a role of systemic rather than local niche expression of soluble KIT ligand, HSCs were unaffected in KIT ligand deleted bones implanted into mice with normal systemic levels of soluble KIT ligand. Our findings highlight the need for more specific tools to unravel niche-specific roles of regulatory cues expressed in hematopoietic niche cells in the bone marrow.
The clinical and molecular taxonomy of t(14;18)-negative follicular lymphomas
Authors: Salaverria Itziar , Weigert Oliver , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia
Published: August 2023

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a neoplasm derived from germinal center B cells, composed of centrocytes and centroblasts, with at least a focal follicular growth pattern. The t(14;18) translocation together with epigenetic deregulation through recurrent genetic alterations are now recognized as the hallmark of FL. Nevertheless, FL is a heterogeneous disease, clinically, morphologically, and biologically. The existence of FL lacking the t(14;18) chromosomal alteration highlights the complex pathogenesis of FL, and indicates that there are alternative pathogenetic mechanisms that can induce a neoplasm with follicular center B-cell phenotype. Based on their clinical presentation, t(14;18)-negative FLs can be divided into 3 broad groups: nodal presentation, extranodal presentation, and those affecting predominantly children and young adults. Recent studies have shed some light into the genetic alterations of t(14;18)-negative FL. Within the group of t(14;18)-negative FL with nodal presentation, cases with STAT6 mutations are increasingly recognized as a distinctive molecular subgroup, often cooccurring with CREBBP and/or TNFRSF14 mutations. FL with BCL6 rearrangement shows clinicopathological similarities to its t(14;18)-positive counterpart. In contrast, t(14;18)-negative FL in extranodal sites is characterized mainly by TNFRSF14 mutations in the absence of chromatin modifying gene mutations. FL in children have a unique molecular landscape when compared with those in adults. Pediatric-type FL (PTFL) is characterized by MAP2K1, TNFRSF14, and/or IRF8 mutations, whereas large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement is now recognized as a distinct entity, different from PTFL. Ultimately, a better understanding of FL biology and heterogeneity should help to understand the clinical differences and help guide patient management and treatment decisions.
Tetraspanins set the stage for bone marrow microenvironment–induced chemoprotection in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Quagliano Anthony , Gopalakrishnapillai Anilkumar , Barwe Sonali P.
Published: August 2023

Despite recent advances in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, relapse still remains a consistent issue. One of the primary contributors to relapse is the bone marrow microenvironment providing a sanctuary to malignant cells. These cells interact with bone marrow components such as osteoblasts and stromal cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and soluble factors. These interactions, mediated by the cell surface proteins like cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs), induce intracellular signaling that leads to the development of bone marrow microenvironment–induced chemoprotection (BMC). Although extensive study has gone into these CAMs, including the development of targeted therapies, very little focus in hematologic malignancies has been put on a family of cell surface proteins that are just as important for mediating bone marrow interactions: the transmembrane 4 superfamily (tetraspanins; TSPANs). TSPANs are known to be important mediators of microenvironmental interactions and metastasis based on numerous studies in solid tumors. Recently, evidence of their possible role in hematologic malignancies, specifically in the regulation of cellular adhesion, bone marrow homing, intracellular signaling, and stem cell dynamics in malignant hematologic cells has come to light. Many of these effects are facilitated by associations with CAMs and other receptors on the cell surface in TSPAN-enriched microdomains. This could suggest that TSPANs play an important role in mediating BMC in hematologic malignancies and could be used as therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss TSPAN structure and function in hematologic cells, their interactions with different cell surface and signaling proteins, and possible ways to target/inhibit their effects.
Method for Evaluating Bolt Competitive Failure Life Under Composite Excitation
Authors: Yang Guangwu , Yang Long , Zhao Han , Ding Haoxu , Yang Bing , Xiao Shoune
Published: August 2023

In this study, the competitive failure mechanism of bolt loosening and fatigue is elucidated via competitive failure tests on bolts under composite excitation. Based on the competitive failure mechanism, the mode prediction model and “load ratio—life prediction curve” (ξ–N curve) of the bolt competitive failure are established. Given the poor correlation of the ξ–N curve, an evaluation model of the bolt competitive failure life is proposed based on Miner’s linear damage accumulation theory. Based on the force analysis of the thread surface and simulation of the bolt connection under composite excitation, a theoretical equation of the bolt competitive failure life is established to validate the model for evaluating the bolt competitive failure life. The results reveal that the proposed model can accurately predict the competitive failure life of bolts under composite excitation, and thereby, it can provide guidance to engineering applications.
Mapping of a major QTL for increased robustness and detection of genome assembly errors in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Shen Xueyan , Niu Yong Chao , Uichanco Joseph Angelo V. , Phua Norman , Bhandare Pranjali , Thevasagayam Natascha May , Prakki Sai Rama Sridatta , Orbán László
Published: August 2023

Background

For Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790) cultured at sea cages various aquatic pathogens, complex environmental and stress factors are considered as leading causes of disease, causing tens of millions of dollars of annual economic losses. Over the years, we conducted farm-based challenges by exposing Asian seabass juveniles to complex natural environmental conditions. In one of these challenges, we collected a total of 1,250 fish classified as either ‘sensitive’ or ‘robust’ individuals during the 28-day observation period.

Results

We constructed a high-resolution linkage map with 3,089 SNPs for Asian seabass using the double digest Restriction-site Associated DNA (ddRAD) technology and a performed a search for Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with robustness. The search detected a major genome-wide significant QTL for increased robustness in pathogen-infected marine environment on linkage group 11 (ASB_LG11; 88.9 cM to 93.6 cM) with phenotypic variation explained of 81.0%. The QTL was positioned within a > 800 kb genomic region located at the tip of chromosome ASB_LG11 with two Single Nucleotide Polymorphism markers, R1-38468 and R1-61252, located near to the two ends of the QTL. When the R1-61252 marker was validated experimentally in a different mass cross population, it showed a statistically significant association with increased robustness. The majority of thirty-six potential candidate genes located within the QTL have known functions related to innate immunity, stress response or disease. By utilizing this ddRAD-based map, we detected five mis-assemblies corresponding to four chromosomes, namely ASB_LG8, ASB_LG9, ASB_LG15 and ASB_LG20, in the current Asian seabass reference genome assembly.

Conclusion

According to our knowledge, the QTL associated with increased robustness is the first such finding from a tropical fish species. Depending on further validation in other stocks and populations, it might be potentially useful for selecting robust Asian seabass lines in selection programs.
Mycorrhizal colonization and Streptomyces viridosporus HH1 synergistically up-regulate the polyphenol biosynthesis genes in wheat against stripe rust
Authors: Rashad Younes M. , El-Sharkawy Hany H. , Abdalla Sara A. , Ibrahim Omar M. , Elazab Nahla T.
Published: August 2023

Background

Stripe rust is considered one of the most devastating diseases of wheat all over the world, resulting in a high loss in its production. In this study, time-course changes in expression of the polyphenol biosynthesis pathways genes in wheat against stripe rust were investigated. The defense mechanisms triggered by mycorrhizal colonization and/or spraying with Streptomyces viridosporus HH1 against this disease were also investigated.

Results

Results obtained revealed that C3H, which is considered the key gene in lignin biosynthesis, was the most expressed gene. Furthermore, most of the chlorogenic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis genes were also overexpressed. Volcano plots of the studied genes reveal that the dual treatment led to a high significant overexpression of 10 out of the 13 studied genes. Heatmap of these genes showed that the most frequent expressed gene in response to all applied treatments along the study period was DFR, the key gene in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins. Gene co-expression network of the studied genes showed that HQT was the most central gene with respect to the other genes, followed by AN2 and DFR, respectively. Accumulation of different flavonoids and phenolic acids were detected in response to the dual treatment, in particular, cinnamic acid, coumarin, and esculetin, which recorded the highest elevation level recording 1000, 488.23, and 329.5% respectively. Furthermore, results from the greenhouse experiment showed that application of the dual treatment led to an 82.8% reduction in the disease severity, compared with the control treatment.

Conclusions

We can conclude that the biosynthesis of lignin, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids contributed to the synergistic triggering effect of the dual treatment on wheat resistance to stripe rust.
Promotive effect of phytosulfokine - peptide growth factor - on protoplast cultures development in Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn
Authors: Zaranek Magdalena , Pérez-Pérez Reneé , Milewska-Hendel Anna , Betekhtin Alexander , Grzebelus Ewa
Published: August 2023

Background

Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) is a valuable crop of great nutritional importance due to its high level of bioactive compounds. Excellent opportunities to obtain plants with the high level or the desired profile of valuable metabolites may be provided by in vitro cultures. Among known in vitro techniques, protoplast technology is an exciting tool for genetic manipulation to improve crop traits. In that context, protoplast fusion may be applied to generate hybrid cells between different species of Fagopyrum. To apply protoplast cultures to the aforementioned approaches in this research, we established the protoplast-to-plant system in Tartary buckwheat.

Results

In this work, cellulase and pectinase activity enabled protoplast isolation from non-morphogenic and morphogenic callus (MC), reaching, on average, 2.3 × 106 protoplasts per g of fresh weight. However, to release protoplasts from hypocotyls, the key step was the application of driselase in the enzyme mixture. We showed that colony formation could be induced after protoplast embedding in agarose compared to the alginate matrix. Protoplasts cultured in a medium based on Kao and Michayluk supplemented with phytosulfokine (PSK) rebuilt cell walls, underwent repeated mitotic division, formed aggregates, which consequently led to callus formation. Plating efficiency, expressing the number of cell aggregate formed, in 10-day-old protoplast cultures varied from 14% for morphogenic callus to 30% for hypocotyls used as a protoplast source. However plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis occurred only during the cultivation of MC-derived protoplasts.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the applied protoplast isolation approach facilitated the recovery of viable protoplasts. Moreover, the embedding of protoplasts in an agarose matrix and supplementation of a culture medium with PSK effectively stimulated cell division and further development of Tartary buckwheat protoplast cultures along with the plant regeneration. Together, these results provide the first evidence of developing a protoplast-to-plant system from the MC of Fagopyrum tataricum used as source material. These findings suggest that Tartary buckwheat’s protoplast cultures have potential implications for the species’ somatic hybridization and genetic improvement.
Progression to myocardial infarction short-term death based on interval sequential pattern mining
Authors: Wu Yang-Sheng , Taniar David , Adhinugraha Kiki , Wang Chao-Hung , Pai Tun-Wen
Published: August 2023

Background

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the significant cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). According to Taiwanese health record analysis, the hazard rate reaches a peak in the initial year after diagnosis of MI, drops to a relatively low value, and maintains stable for the following years. Therefore, identifying suspicious comorbidity patterns of short-term death before the diagnosis may help achieve prolonged survival for MI patients.

Methods

Interval sequential pattern mining was applied with odds ratio to the hospitalization records from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to evaluate the disease progression and identify potential subjects at the earliest possible stage.

Results

Our analysis resulted in five disease pathways, including “diabetes mellitus,” “other disorders of the urethra and urinary tract,” “essential hypertension,” “hypertensive heart disease,” and “other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease” that led to short-term death after MI diagnosis, and these pathways covered half of the cohort.

Conclusion

We explored the possibility of establishing trajectory patterns to identify the high-risk population of early mortality after MI.