bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of bond between reinforcement and concrete
Authors: Romashko Olena , Romashko Vasyl
Published: November 2018

The scheme of stressed state changes of the concrete contact layer and reinforcing rod during its pulling out of concrete is considered. The most important drawbacks of the known methods for evaluating the bond strength of reinforcement to concrete have been analyzed. Particular attention is focused on bond estimating by average tangential stresses. It is substantiated why the linear dependence of these stresses on normal stresses in the reinforcement cannot cover the processes of reinforcement bonding with concrete in the stage of use of reinforced concrete elements. A universal dependence of the average tangential stresses for estimating the reinforcement bond to concrete at any stage of elements deformation is proposed. Statistical evaluation of the obtained dependence was made on the basis of theoretical and experimental values of the average tangential bonding stresses comparison. The area of use of reinforcement bond with concrete average stresses dependence is defined.
The heat loss calculating methods of external walls in the buildings reconstruction
Authors: Vinnichenko Varvara , Gabitov Azat , Salov Aleksandr , Gaisin Askar , Kuznetsov Dmitriy
Published: November 2018

Heat loss analysis in cladding of brick buildings under reconstruction is presented. Thermograms obtained under thermovision inspection and window systems operating experience in conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan are thoroughly studied. Live issue of increasing buildings energy performance in public utilities sector may largely be solved by replacement of existing window units made of wood to new PVC profile windows equipped with multi-glazed glass units both in brick and frame-panel old buildings. Significant heat loss occurs in junctions between the window frames and the wall in jamb areas. Therefore for the heat conduction matrix for the finite element is used the heat balance equation. Use of the software application to choose certain measures to eliminate the thermal bridges enables to get the thermotechnical calculations in the junction between the window and the exterior wall in the form of temperature fields. Practical recommendations for arrangement of heat insulation in junctions between the window frames and the wall to eliminate actual defects and for normal room conditions are made under examinations. To get the heat conduction matrix for the finite element we will use the heat balance equation.
Resistance of concrete and expanded clay concrete under periodic external influences
Authors: Vyrovoy Valery , Korobko Oksana , Sukhanov Vladimir , Zakorchemny Yuri
Published: November 2018

The purpose of the work is to increase resistance of concrete in conditions of multiple freezing-thawing and wetting-drying cycles. An important property of concrete is its ability to adapt to the periodical effect of external factors by self-organization of the structure. It assumes the presence at the material of active elements capable of changing their parameters adequately to impacts. Such elements include cracks and inner surfaces of partition as integral elements of the structure of any material. Sets of active elements can be to obtained by directing the structural organization of concrete. The operating factor of structure formation can be a change in the ratio of adhesion and cohesive bonding forces at the surface of partition between the matrix material and the fillers. Concrete the structure of which was initiated by selective adhesion of a matrix to the surface of fillers differed in the raised values of properties. Structural potential has determined resistance of concrete at freezing-thawing and wetting-drying. Sets of active elements of concrete structure are the factors of safe functioning of building constructions in conditions of influence of the operating environment.
Methodology of research on drivers perception at level crossings
Authors: Kobaszyńska-Twardowska Anna , Galant Marta , Gill Adrian , Smoczyński Piotr , Kadziński Adam
Published: November 2018

The article presents a proposition of a methodology of research performed to assess car drivers’ perception at level crossings. Its main assumptions as well as the description of devices and tools selected for carrying out the research were given. The steps of the proposed methodology algorithm are discussed in detail. The background of the issue presents the conditions of the functioning of railway crossings in Poland. The last part of the article are the final remarks, in which the areas of application of results obtained according to the proposed methodology are indicated.
Rule system for speed limit determination on national roads in Poland
Authors: Chmiel Wojciech , Dziech Andrzej , Jędrusik Stanisław , Kadłuczka Piotr , Kwiecień Joanna , Szwed Piotr , Mikrut Zbigniew , Rogus Grzegorz
Published: November 2018

Nowadays, in the majority of cases, speed limits are defined by experts, who take into account the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the examined roads. The process of setting speed limits is often complex, because technical, social, and legal aspects should be taken into account. The paper presents a developed rule-based system for setting maximum speed limits, and results of the research with an unified data model describing roads and their surroundings. Analysis of the possibility of obtaining relevant data and automation of the process of their collection are also described. The set of the rules was developed on the basis of the methodologies used in Poland, United States, Germany, and New Zealand.
Analysis of cyclists’ behaviour on different infrastructure elements
Authors: Cieśla Katarzyna , Krukowicz Tomasz , Firląg Krzysztof
Published: November 2018

Increasing bicycle traffic causes the occurrence of related phenomena, which were not observed before. However, it can be observed that the cycling infrastructure of Warsaw is used in various ways, and some cyclists do not respect the law. The aim of this article is to examine the behaviour of cyclists in various road traffic situations. Empirical research was carried out for 15 objects located in Warsaw. Selected facilities were divided into 7 types of road infrastructure. The research was carried out by means of video recording with the use of a camera. Cyclists were classified by age, gender and type of bike used. As a result of the study, the number of correct and incorrect behaviours of cyclists was determined. It was found that the largest share of prohibited behaviours occurs in case of complicated solutions of cycling infrastructure and in case of its discontinuity. The behaviour of cyclists during the red signal display was also assessed. It was noted that this signal is better respected at road crossings than at tram crossings. Case studies have also been carried out and opportunities for improvement identified.
Development of accident prediction models for pedestrian crossings
Authors: Olszewski Piotr , Osińska Beata , Szagała Piotr , Włodarek Paweł
Published: November 2018

In large Polish cities like Warsaw, pedestrians constitute almost 60% of road fatalities. Although traffic safety situation in general is improving, the numbers of pedestrians hit when crossing a road have not significantly decreased over the last six years. A negative binomial model was estimated for predicting accidents at unsignalised pedestrian crossings based on accident data from 52 crossings in Warsaw. A total of 58 pedestrian accidents were recorded at these crossings during the last seven years. The model shows that the number of accidents is less-than-proportional to both pedestrian and motorised traffic daily volumes. Other risk factors affecting pedestrian safety are: higher proportion of heavy vehicles and location in a mixed land use area. The model can be used with the Empirical Bayes method for an unbiased identification of high risk locations.
Factors increasing safety of the disabled road users
Authors: Ucińska Monika , Odachowska Ewa
Published: November 2018

A report by the World Health Organization indicates that over one billion people in the world are affected by some form of disability or have limited fitness, and 200 million have difficulties in functioning [1]. In Poland, according to the statistics, there are 7.5 million people with functional limitations, including almost 2.5 million those in a significant degree [2]. Many people with different dysfunctions drive vehicles, among this group there are also older people, who, with age experience the reduction of many functions affecting the safe driving of the vehicle. To assess some factors increasing the safety of disabled participants in the road traffic, selected psychomotor aspects have been verified. This article presents analyses related to determining the capabilities of people with disabilities depending on whether the disability was congenital or acquired. These drivers were also compared with non-disabled road users. Psychomotor performance was checked using the DTS (Driver Test Station) device. It was noticed that people with acquired disability do better in the majority of tests measuring both pressure forces and reactions of particular limbs in comparison with people with a congenital disability. The research presented sets the direction for further explorations, mainly due to the small group of respondents, but they can nevertheless form the basis for further hypotheses and their verification.
Digital billboards dynamic luminance measurements
Authors: Tomczuk Piotr , Wytrykowska Anna
Published: November 2018

In the opinion of the drivers, digital billboards and telebims are a potential threat to road traffic. Multimedia content with dynamically changing luminance level over time is often presented on emission media. The problem was highlighted when trying to regulate the requirements for dynamic media in law. The Ministry of Infrastructure and Development is in the process of drafting regulations aimed at limiting the emission parameters of light commercials used in the road environment. The limitation is to apply to the maximum luminance parameters emitted during the daylight and night, with the limitation to the built-up area and outside the built-up area. It is also proposed to limit the switching time of the image sequence and its luminance level. In the article have been describe the test procedure with presented sample measurement results. The object of research was medium-size advertising, where the illuminating surface was made with the use of semiconductor LED light sources. Obtained results undoubtedly indicate that there is a problem with measuring the parameters of advertising luminance with dynamically changing content.
Risks associated with the transportation of hazardous materials on public roads
Authors: Mieloszyk Eligiusz , Milewska Anita
Published: November 2018

A significant proportion of the transport of hazardous materials is carried out on public roads. Therefore, the safety of such transport is becoming increasingly important. Every catastrophe involving hazardous materials has a negative impact on direct road users and the surrounding environment, becauses its range is mostly not local. It follows that in the event of such catastrophe, its effects should be minimized. This is possible only when we know the mechanism of spreading effects of a catastrophe involving hazardous materials. Those effects are spread by two basic media: ground (in particular water in the ground) and air. Sometimes those effects are spread by water, while the catastrophe has occurred near a water reservoir or watercourse with a free flow surface. In extreme cases, this can even lead to an ecological disaster. Dynamic systems, especially those with distributed parameters, can be used to describe the mechanism of the disaster's spread. Properties of phenomena accompanying analyzed catastrophes are well reflected in their linear or non-linear mathematical models [1,2], which are analyzed by various operator methods [3].
Local Regulation Cancellation Mechanism and its Legal Consequence based on Lex Superiori Deregot Legi Inferiori Principle in Economy
Authors: Agustiwi Asri , Isharyanto  , Hartiwiningsih
Published: November 2018

This article addressed the local regulation cancelling mechanism and its legal consequence based on lex superiori derogat legi inferiori principle. The authorization of local area has contributed positively and negatively. Per June 2016, there have been 3,143 regulations voided or revised by Government including Local Government, Interior Ministry, and Governor: 111 Interior Minister’s decrees and 1,267 Local Regulations or Local Leader Regulations at Regency/City level. This figure consisted of 1,765 Local Regulations or Local Leader Regulations at Regency/City level: 111 Interior Minister’s Regulation or Decree and 1,267 Local Regulations or Local Leader Regulations at Regency/City level. The research method is normative juridical method involving document and regulations which related with the local regulation cancellation mechanism. Those data are sharpen with normative descriptive qualitative analysis. The result of research showed that legislator and drafter could not formulate a provision of Local Regulation freely but it should consider the higher legislations such as 1945 Constitution (thereafter called UUD 1945), Law, Government Regulation, and Presidential Regulation, and Local Regulation Cancellation can be made if the regulation disrupts concord between members of community, access to public service, public orderliness and composure, and economic activity to improve the people’s wellbeing, and or results in discrimination against ethnic, religion and belief, race, inter-group, and gender.
Legal Protection of Children with HIV that Infected from Mother Transmission in Perspective on Human Rights (Case Study in Cianjur District)
Authors: Handayani Trini , Kirana Utami Tanti
Published: November 2018

More than 90% of children with HIV in Cianjur District due to maternal transmission died within three years (2015 to 2017). Local Government seeks to protect children and their families with the aim of improving the welfare of children. This paper examines how the objective condition of children with HIV/ AIDS in Cianjur District and the legal protection of children with HIV/AIDS in Cianjur District in the perspective on human rights. This research employs case approach method with research specification that is analytical descriptive. The result of this research is that the objective condition of children with HIV/ AIDS in Cianjur Regency has mostly died due to decreased immunity. The legal protection of children living with HIV/ AIDS in Cianjur Regency is by making various regional regulations such as local regulations on child protection, local regulations on HIV/ AIDS prevention and control. The Ministry of Health has a Prevention Mother to Child Transmission program to prevent of HIV infection through the transmission of HIV in pregnant woman to her fetus.
Legal Analysis of Hospital Dispute Settlement through Mediation by Provincial Hospital Supervisory Board (BPRS)
Authors: Ajeng Tri Utami Nurani
Published: November 2018

Law No. 44 year 2009 on Hospitals mandates the establishment of the Hospital Supervisory Board (BPRS) at national and provincial levels. One of the duties of the Provincial Hospital Board of Supervisors, as mentioned in Article 60, is to receive complaints and to mediate the dispute resolution process. Previously, if the parties agree to use the settlement of the dispute with mediation, it only involves the hospital with the patient or the party who feels aggrieved, and the mediator if necessary. However, there are still hospitals or parties who are harmed by the hospital who directly sued to the court. This paper will explain normatively how the arrangements and obstacles on the dispute settlement of the hospital by means of mediation through BPRS. This research uses normative juridical method with statute approach and analytical approach. The result of this research will describe the arrangement comprehensively and constraint normatively about BPRS as a scientific information for the improvement of BPRS.
Transformation of Social Security Administrative Body (BPJS) within Social Security Reform in Indonesia
Authors: Kunarti Siti , Sudrajat Tedi , Wahyu Handayani Sri
Published: November 2018

Within the framework of sovereign country under the Constitution of 1945, the regulation concerning social security stated in Article 28H paragraph (3) and article 34 paragraph (2). Social security is also guaranteed under the Declaration of Human Rights Year1948 and confirmed in ILO Convention number 102 in 1952 that urge all countries to give maximum protection to labors. As continuation of those regulations, a national system of social security has been formed to result integrated and vast social protection. Transformation of labor security from JAMSOSTEK (Social Protection for Labors), ASKES (Health Insurance) to a mergence called BPJS (Social Security Administrative Body) has been a reforming step that gives legal implication to the rights and responsibility of its stakeholders. The policy of social security system, then demanded that the body is divided into two main different tasks: Health Security Administrative Body (BPJS Kesehatan), Labor Security Administrative Body (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan). This distinction leads to the conversion of membership, programs, asset, liability, workers, right, responsibilities, as well as the addition of a new program called pension security, especially within the framework of Labor Security Administrative Body. This is, in short, to pursue an integrated and inclusive administration of social security.
Legal Issues in The Implementation of National Social Security System on Labour in Indonesia
Authors: Sudrajat Tedi , Kunarti Siti , Aziz Nasihuddin Abdul
Published: November 2018

The Social Security System in Indonesia has been regulated by the government, and the program is managed by an agency called Social Insurance Administration Organization (BPJS). Associated with the existence of social security functions for workers, its practice presents a gap between what is expected and what is regulated. For this reason, it is therefore necessary to examine, firstly, what kind of legal protection of workers is covered by this national social security system managed in BPJS program and, secondly, what constraints are encountered in its implementation. This research is Juridical Normative one, with normative qualitative data analysis. The research finds that the social security is correlated not only with the welfare of employees who are assessed by the level of wages provided by the organization, rather it is also correlated with other factors in the form of health and safety assurance. In the broader context, social welfare is measured not only when the person is at work and gets social security benefits, rather the measure of his welfare is also applicable when the worker is not working and/or when they retire. On the basis of these, the social security program is an integral aspect of social security to which the government should give a legal protection.
Standard Issuance of Circular Letters in The Implementation Of Judicial Power
Authors: Wasi Bintoro Rahadi , Shomad Abdul , Prasastinah Usanti Trisadini
Published: November 2018

Circular issued by state institutions in the framework of the freies ermessen principle. Circular in administrative law is known as policy regulation/ belleidsregel. The Supreme Court as a state institution also has the authority to issue circular letters. This paper focused on the standard circular issued by the Supreme Court. This paper was legal research that was carried out with the statute approach and conceptual approach. Based on the analysis, circulars issued by the supreme court contained restrictions, namely that they should not influence the judge in examining the case.
Paradoxical Analysis of the Existence of the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lane Against the Ideal of the World Maritime Axis
Authors: Merida Hutagalung Siti , Hanna Simatupang Ruth
Published: November 2018

the existence of the Indonesian Archipelago (ALKI) towards the ideals of the world maritime axis launched by Jokowi. The search for data and interviews confirms that ALKI is contrary to the concept of the world maritime axis. The simple premise is that the maritime will always be present in the foreign sea traffic activities as a result of Indonesia’s desire to become an open country (free sea). It also shows an insult to the sovereignty of a nation that aspires to be the world’s maritime axis. Using Marine Strength Theory by Alfred T. Mahan, Jean Bodin’s concept of sovereignty to examine the contradictions of the existence of ALKI in conceptualizing the world’s maritime axis, the trend of results shows that first, the existence of ALKI actually endangers the aspirations of the world maritime axis; second, the archipelagic insights described in ALKI contradict the archipelagic insights implicit in Indonesia’s maritime doctrine; third, ALKI divides maritime forces that must be united (unity); fourth, Indonesia is at the level of civilization that is not ready to become the world’s maritime axis; fifth, ALKI based on UNCLOS 1982 contradicts the concept of sovereignty respected by the Indonesian people as the dignity of the nation.
Overcoming Corporal Punishment of Children: an Evaluation Toward Indonesian Penal Policy Nowdays
Authors: Windari Rusmilawati , Supanto  , Novianto Widodo Tresno
Published: November 2018

Currently, corporal punishment is no longer accepted as an effective measure in disciplining children. Under Article 19, 28, and 37 of the CRC, it has been regarded as breach of child’s right. Since 2006, the United Nations has evoked all countries to conduct legal reform pertaining prohibition of this act in all settings. Until today, Indonesia has been reviewed as a country where corporal punishment of children remains lawful. Nonetheless, Indonesian Government has rejected the review and insisted that the current penal policy is sufficient to protect children from that deed. In fact, the implementation of current penal policy toward corporal punishment unfortunately came up with problems of law enforcement. For instances,law enforcement against Aop Saopuddin and Dharmawati’s cases that apparently has surpassed the limits of criminal law itself, and brought about injustice for teachers.This paper provides a qualitative analysis of Indonesian penal policy relating to physical violence against children. It discusses a single issue, namely: has penal policy of Indonesia nowdays been appropriate to overcome corporal punishment of children?. This paper urges legislators to re-evaluate as well as to improve the quality of penal policy in respect to overcome corporal punishment of children fairly.
Socio-environmental problems of single-industry towns and some ways of their solution
Authors: Maslennikov Aleksandr , Egorov Aleksander , Zubkov Ilya
Published: November 2018

Mono-profile municipalities (single-industry towns) are an important economic and social component of the Russian society. There are 319 single-industry towns, or 28% of the cities of the Russian Federation, on the territory of which, as a rule, just one main city-forming enterprise is located. The situation of single-industry towns is more vulnerable than other municipalities because of their decisive dependence on the sustainable position of the city-forming organizations. The directions formulated by regional and federal government bodies to improve economic stability and social welfare of single-industry towns are demonstrated on the example of a number of such settlements in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The environmental aspect belongs to the most important components of the territories well-being. It is shown in the article that solid-state gas-analyzing sensors can be the basis for constructing environmental monitoring systems. Their main types and properties are presented in this paper.
Features of the protection of the intellectual property related to the military-industrial complex of Russia
Authors: Kuznetsov Mikhail , Ponka Viktor , Chumachenko Ivan
Published: November 2018

An integral part of today’s cross-border civil and trade relations is cooperation and trade in the military-industrial complex. One of the key problems for the countries selling production of the military-industrial complex is the protection of the intellectual property rights in the field of defence industry. Russia, being one of the biggest arms exporters in the world, has accumulated an interesting experience of legal regulation of this problem. This article focuses on aspects of intellectual property protection in the sphere of military-industrial complex.
Incomplete family as a factor of crime in adolescents and youth
Authors: Kantemirova Galina
Published: November 2018

This work is devoted to one of the most important problems of our time, the problem of juvenile delinquency. The study of juvenile delinquency now has a special significance, since in many regions of our country the percentage of crimes committed by adolescents and young people is quite large, the crime rate is on the rise. The article aims to address the problem and the causes of crime. The publication touches on the topic of crime in the youth and adolescent families. Particular attention is paid by the author to the fact that the family is the main factor in the upbringing and socialization of children. Considerable attention is paid to an incomplete family, as a factor and a source of increased criminality.

It is important not only to find out what are the causes of the increase in crime in adolescents and youth, but also to understand which preventive measures are the most effective one in combating crime.
Leading trends in the development of contemporary pedagogical education
Authors: Morozova Olga
Published: November 2018

The article reveals the leading trends in the development of pedagogical education as the key problem of its renewal in modern conditions. The main objective of the study is to review scientific and theoretical foundations of these trends. The practical value of the results obtained is indicated as the main guidelines for the modernization of the substantive aspects of modern pedagogical education, taking into account the identified trends in their design.
Identification of Thai students’ level of phonetic sensitivity in the imitation of Russian syllables
Authors: Natcheewan Mekratankulpat , Fedotova Nina , Lypkan Tatiana
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the role of phonological sensitivity in the development of skills in a foreign language. In psycholinguistic terms, verbal communication in non-native language is a language contact. It is important that, in learning environments, the interaction of contacting languages should not be spontaneous, it should be taken into account in the modeling of verbal communication. Since the formation of mechanisms that ensure the speech activity of an individual in the language under study occurs under the influence of interference, it is necessary to study the manifestation of the specifics contacting linguistic systems in the perception of speech in a non-native language. To make the right decision – whether or not an incorrect perception of the phonemic composition of words occurs in the natural conditions of communication in a foreign language – is not possible. This requires a special phonetic experiment. The authors describe the results of an experiment aimed at revealing the phonetic sensitivity of native speakers of Thai. The material of the experiment was 260 syllables having the structure CV (consonant + vowel). Subjects who had not previously studied the Russian language had to listen to audio recordings of syllables pronunciation and reproduce them. Thus, the implementation of Russian vowels and consonants in the composition of syllables was analyzed. The authors succeeded in revealing the similarity and difference in the articulatory characteristics of the interacting languages’ sounds. It was found that when imitating Russian syllables the Thais are not aware of the opposition of consonants on the grounds of “hardness-softness” and “voiceless-voiced”. In this connection special work is required to produce soft sounds and to develop skills for distinguishing sounds from voiceless-voiced. During the study, it was confirmed that the influence of the native language is clearly manifested if it is functionally prevalent.
Effets d’une formation complémentaire sur la compétence d’enseignants stagiaires d’éducation physique et sportive tunisiens à prévenir et à gérer l’indiscipline
Authors: Maddeh Talel , Desbiens Jean-François , Souissi Nizar
Published: November 2018

L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser l’apport d’un programme de formation en matière de gestion de l’indiscipline issu du modèle de Sieber (2001) sur l’apparition des comportements perturbateurs (CP) ainsi que les interruptions du programme d’action (fractures) lors des cours d’ÉPS par des enseignants stagiaires tunisiens. Pour ce faire, une analyse vidéoscopique en différé a été réalisée sur deux groupes de stagiaires : un groupe expérimental (GrExp ;n = 5) et un groupe témoin (GrTém ;n = 5). Un total de 929 CP est enregistré chez les deux groupes d’études dont 681 ont reçus une réaction et 248 ne l’ont pas été (gestion nulle ou hors champs visuel des stagiaires). Le GrExpen comparaison avec le GrTéms’est nettement amélioré quant à sa compétence de prévenir et gérer l’indiscipline. Cette nouvelle habilité est traduite par une diminution de l’apparition des CP et des fractures de l’enseignement. L’étude invite à enrichir la formation initiale offerte en matière de gestion de classe aux enseignants stagiaires afin de développer chez eux les stratégies adéquates de gestion de l’indiscipline lors des cours.
Carney Complex
Authors: Kamilaris Crystal , Faucz Fabio , Voutetakis Antonis , Stratakis Constantine
Published: November 2018

Carney complex is a rare, autosomal dominant, multiple endocrine neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome, caused in most patients by defects in the PRKAR1A gene, which encodes the regulatory subunit type 1α of protein kinase A. Inactivating defects of PRKAR1A lead to aberrant cyclic-AMP-protein kinase A signaling. Patients may develop multiple skin abnormalities and a variety of endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. Endocrine manifestations include primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, that may cause Cushing syndrome, growth-hormone secreting pituitary adenoma or pituitary somatotropic hyperplasia which can result in acromegaly, as well as gonadal and thyroid tumors. Non-endocrine tumors associated with Carney complex include myxomas of the heart, breast, and other sites, psamommatous melanotic schwannomas, breast ductal adenomas, osteochondromyxomas, and a predisposition to a number of malignancies from adrenal to pancreatic and liver cancer.
Copper-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Azidation of 1,3-Dihydro-2H-indol-2-ones Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Wei Wen-Ting , Liu Yan-Yun , Bao Wen-Hui , Gao Le-Han , Ying Wei-Wei , Chen Wei-Ting , Chen Gan-Ping , Li Qiang
Published: November 2018

A simple and economical synthesis of 3-substituted 3-azido-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ones has been realized under mild conditions through copper-catalyzed C(sp3)–H azidation of the corresponding 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ones with trimethylsilyl azide. The reaction proceeds by an efficient pathway involving the addition of a N3 radical to the enol tautomer and consecutive C(sp3)−N bond formations. The method is valuable because of its mild reaction conditions, short reaction times, and broad substrate scope, and because of the rich biological activity of the resulting 3-substituted 3-azido-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one products.
Perspective: Prospects of non-invasive sensing of the human brain with diffuse optical imaging
Authors: Fantini Sergio , Frederick Blaise , Sassaroli Angelo
Published: November 2018

Since the initial demonstration of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for noninvasive measurements of brain perfusion and metabolism in the 1970s, and its application to functional brain studies (fNIRS) in the 1990s, the field of noninvasive optical studies of the brain has been continuously growing. Technological developments, data analysis advances, and novel areas of application keep advancing the field. In this article, we provide a view of the state of the field of cerebral NIRS, starting with a brief historical introduction and a description of the information content of the NIRS signal. We argue that NIRS and fNIRS studies should always report data of both oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in brain tissue, as they complement each other to provide more complete functional and physiological information, and may help identify different types of confounds. One significant challenge is the assessment of absolute tissue properties, be them optical or physiological, so that relative measurements account for the vast majority of NIRS and fNIRS applications. However, even relative measurements of hemodynamics or metabolic changes face the major problem of a potential contamination from extracerebral tissue layers. Accounting for extracerebral contributions to fNIRS signals is one of the most critical barriers in the field. We present some of the approaches that were proposed to tackle this challenge in the study of cerebral hemodynamics and functional connectivity. Finally, we critically compare fNIRS and functional magnetic resonance imaging by relating their measurements in terms of signal and noise, and by commenting on their complementarity.
Social contagions on interconnected networks of heterogeneous populations
Authors: Shu Panpan , Liu Quan-Hui , Wang Shangping , Wang Wei
Published: November 2018

Recently, the dynamics of social contagions ranging from the adoption of a new product to the diffusion of a rumor have attracted more and more attention from researchers. However, the combined effects of individual’s heterogenous adoption behavior and the interconnected structure on the social contagions processes have yet to be understood deeply. In this paper, we study theoretically and numerically the social contagions with heterogeneous adoption threshold in interconnected networks. We first develop a generalized edge-based compartmental approach to predict the evolution of social contagion dynamics on interconnected networks. Both the theoretical predictions and numerical results show that the growth of the final recovered fraction with the intralayer propagation rate displays double transitions. When increasing the initial adopted proportion or the adopted threshold, the first transition remains continuous within different dynamic parameters, but the second transition gradually vanishes. When decreasing the interlayer propagation rate, the change in the double transitions mentioned above is also observed. The heterogeneity of degree distribution does not affect the type of first transition, but increasing the heterogeneity of degree distribution results in the type change of the second transition from discontinuous to continuous. The consistency between the theoretical predictions and numerical results confirms the validity of our proposed analytical approach.
Synchronous harmony in an ensemble of Hamiltonian mean-field oscillators and inertial Kuramoto oscillators
Authors: Ha Seung-Yeal , Lee Jaeseung , Li Zhuchun
Published: November 2018

We study a dynamic interplay between Hamiltonian mean-field oscillators and inertial Kuramoto oscillators. We present several sufficient frameworks leading to asymptotic complete synchronization for the mixed ensemble. For a two-oscillator system with the same natural frequencies, we prove that the mixed ensemble exhibits asymptotic complete synchronization for any initial data, whereas we also show that the two-oscillator system tends to asymptotic complete synchronization under an a priori assumption on the uniform boundedness on the phase diameter. For the many-body system, we show that asymptotic complete frequency synchronization occurs for Kuramoto oscillators with inertia if the oscillators have the same natural frequencies. Moreover, we show that overall phase concentration can be controlled by increasing the coupling strengths. We also provide several numerical experiments and compare them with analytical results.
Bandgap engineering of three-dimensional phononic crystals in a simple cubic lattice
Authors: Lucklum Frieder , Vellekoop Michael J.
Published: November 2018

In this work, we present a comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of three-dimensional phononic crystals arranged in a simple cubic lattice. The band structure is analytically modeled as a 3D mass spring system and numerically calculated within the corresponding simple cubic Brillouin zone. We report on a design yielding a record bandgap of 166% relative width, validated by simulations and measurements of longitudinal and shear wave transmission in different spatial directions. In the additively fabricated samples, gap suppression reaches −80 dB relative to a solid reference. Comparison of different unit cell geometries showcases approaches to engineer gap width and suppression, as well as transmission bands outside the gap.
Benchmarking and validation of global model code for negative hydrogen ion sources
Authors: Yang Wei , Averkin Sergey N. , Khrabrov Alexander V. , Kaganovich Igor D. , Wang You-Nian , Aleiferis Spyridon , Svarnas Panagiotis
Published: November 2018

Benchmarking and validation are prerequisites for using simulation codes as predictive tools. In this work, we have developed a Global Model for Negative Hydrogen Ion Source (GMNHIS) and performed benchmarking of the GMNHIS against another independently developed code, Global Enhanced Vibrational Kinetic Model (GEVKM). This is the first study to present a quite comprehensive benchmarking test of this kind for models of negative hydrogen ion sources (NHIS), and excellent agreements have been achieved for collisional energy loss per electron-ion pair created, electron number density, electron temperature, densities of H3+ and H2+ ions, and densities of H(n = 1–3) atoms. Very small discrepancies in number densities of H− ions and H+ ions, as well as the vibrational distribution function of hydrogen molecules, can be attributed to the differences in the chemical reactions datasets. The GEVKM includes additional chemical reactions that are more important at high pressures. In addition, we validated the GMNHIS against experimental data obtained in an electron cyclotron resonance discharge used for H− production. The model qualitatively (and even quantitatively for certain conditions) reproduces the experimental H− number density. The H− number density as a function of pressure first increases at pressures below 1.6 Pa and then saturates for higher pressures. This dependence was analyzed by evaluating contributions from different reaction pathways to the creation and loss of the H− ions. The developed codes can be used for predicting the H− production, improving the performance of NHIS, and ultimately optimizing the parameters of negative ion beams for fusion reactors.
On the Boris solver in particle-in-cell simulation
Authors: Zenitani Seiji , Umeda Takayuki
Published: November 2018

A simple form of the Boris solver in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation is proposed. It employs an exact solution of the Lorentz-force part, and it is equivalent to the Boris solver with a gyrophase correction. As a favorable property for stable schemes, this form preserves a volume in the phase space. Numerical tests of the Boris solvers are conducted by test-particle simulations and by PIC simulations. The proposed form provides better accuracy than the popular form, while it only requires few additional computation time.
A delayed-feedback filter with negative group delay
Authors: Voss Henning U.
Published: November 2018

A filter with delay-induced negative group delay is presented. The filter consists of multiple time-delayed feedback terms, which lead to a negative group delay for frequencies in the baseband. It can be used for the real-time prediction of band-limited signals. The filter is universal as it does not rely on a specific model of the signal. Specifically, as long as the signal to be predicted is band-limited with a known cutoff frequency, the filter predicts the signal in real time up to a prediction horizon that depends on the cutoff frequency. How signal prediction arises from the negative group delay of the filter is worked out in detail. Its properties, including stability, are derived analytically and demonstrated by numerical simulations. For chaotic systems, the filter is predictive during phases of high predictability.
Semiconductor opening switch generator with a primary thyristor switch triggered in impact-ionization wave mode
Authors: Gusev A. I. , Lyubutin S. K. , Ponomarev A. V. , Rukin S. N. , Slovikovsky B. G.
Published: November 2018

The results of the investigation involving a thyristor switch triggered in the impact ionization wave mode are presented. This switch is intended for operation as a primary switch in a nanosecond pulse generator with a semiconductor opening switch (SOS). The thyristor switch is based on commercial low-frequency tablet thyristors stacked in a joint assembly of up to 6 pieces connected in series. At a charging voltage of 2–12 kV and switching energy of up to 16 J, the switch operates with a discharge current of up to 8 kA, a current rise rate in the range from 14 to 54 kA/μs, and a switching efficiency of ∼0.9. It is shown that an increase in a voltage rise rate on thyristors at the triggering stage reduces energy loss in the thyristor switch during the current flow. The SOS pumping circuit contains one magnetic element—a pulse transformer, which simplifies the generator and increases its efficiency. The SOS generator has an output voltage of up to 300 kV and a peak power of up to 250 MW with a pulse duration of ∼50 ns. The thyristor switch in the generator operates at a voltage of 12 kV and provides current flow with the amplitude of up to 7.5 kA with a duration of ∼500 ns and a current rise rate of ∼54 kA/μs. The pulse repetition frequency of the generator is 1 kHz in the burst mode of operation.
Curing basis-set convergence of wave-function theory using density-functional theory: A systematically improvable approach
Authors: Giner Emmanuel , Pradines Barthélemy , Ferté Anthony , Assaraf Roland , Savin Andreas , Toulouse Julien
Published: November 2018

The present work proposes to use density-functional theory (DFT) to correct for the basis-set error of wave-function theory (WFT). One of the key ideas developed here is to define a range-separation parameter which automatically adapts to a given basis set. The derivation of the exact equations are based on the Levy-Lieb formulation of DFT, which helps us to define a complementary functional which corrects uniquely for the basis-set error of WFT. The coupling of DFT and WFT is done through the definition of a real-space representation of the electron-electron Coulomb operator projected on a one-particle basis set. Such an effective interaction has the particularity to coincide with the exact electron-electron interaction in the limit of a complete basis set, and to be finite at the electron-electron coalescence point when the basis set is incomplete. The non-diverging character of the effective interaction allows one to define a mapping with the long-range interaction used in the context of range-separated DFT and to design practical approximations for the unknown complementary functional. Here, a local-density approximation is proposed for both full-configuration-interaction (FCI) and selected configuration-interaction approaches. Our theory is numerically tested to compute total energies and ionization potentials for a series of atomic systems. The results clearly show that the DFT correction drastically improves the basis-set convergence of both the total energies and the energy differences. For instance, a sub kcal/mol accuracy is obtained from the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set with the method proposed here when an aug-cc-pV5Z basis set barely reaches such a level of accuracy at the near FCI level.
A hierarchical superaerophilic cone: Robust spontaneous and directional transport of gas bubbles
Authors: Duan Ji-An , Dong Xinran , Yin Kai , Yang Shuai , Chu Dongkai
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we present a rapid and simple method to fabricate superaerophilic polytetrafluoroethylene cones via a two-step femtosecond laser direct writing technique, which enormously improved processing efficiency compared to the existing method. The laser-treated cones contained hierarchical microstructures and exhibited self-driven and directional transport of gas bubbles along the cones and away from the tip, even when the cones were horizontal. Furthermore, the laser-treated cones exhibited excellent chemical and long-term stability. This work may provide an effective and simple approach to obtain efficient manipulation of gas bubbles in practical applications.
Note: Isolated high-voltage thermo-compensated DC power supply for mass spectrometry
Authors: Filatov V. V. , Kozlovskiy V. I.
Published: November 2018

The design of a highly stable isolated high voltage power supply is proposed and developed. The power supply is characterized by good temperature stability (<15 ppm/°C) and very low ripple level (<7 ppm) which were reduced by using a sinusoidal voltage in the transformer conversion. We anticipate that the power supplies of this type can find their utility in modern high-resolution mass spectrometers, particularly in time-of-flight and Orbitrap-type instruments providing a high resolution of ∼100 000 FWHM and high accuracy of m/z determination.
Improving measurement accuracy of Brazilian tensile strength of rock by digital image correlation
Authors: He Wenhao , Chen Keyong , Zhang Baiyu , Dong Kanjicai
Published: November 2018

Since the invention of the Brazilian test about eight decades ago, discussions on the validity of indirect tensile strength measurement by the Brazilian test have always been of focus in rock fracture mechanics. According to the principles of the Brazilian test, experimental data are only valid when a fracture is initiated at/near the disc-shaped planar center and propagates along the diametral loading plane. However, traditional experimental results can only show readers a final failure instead of fracture process. Meanwhile, the accuracy of analytical solutions and numerical simulations are profoundly dependent on the input of underlying assumptions. To overcome the confusion about the Brazilian test, this study proposed to combine the Brazilian test with digital image correlation. By visualizing a dynamic fracture process of fracture initiation and propagation, the validity of the Brazilian test can be verified. This study can well explain the underestimation of rock tensile strengths in traditional Brazilian tests. Additionally, the specimen should have a length to thickness ratio larger than 0.30 to minimize the compression effect near the loading contacts. Due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of the rock structure, a small deviation of fracture initiation does not make a big difference in the experimental results.