bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERANAN SURAT KABAR SOERAPATI DALAM PERLAWANAN INTELEKTUAL PRIBUMI DI JAWA BARAT TAHUN 1923-1925
Authors: Wardani Dharyanto Tito
Published: March 2018

AbstrakPerlawanan intelektual pribumi yang dilakukan oleh organisasi berideologi komunis menggunakan beberapa media, diantaranya surat kabar Soerapati. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri atas empat tahapan kerja: heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Konsep dan teori yang digunakan adalah konsep ruang publik Habermas dan teori konflik Dahrendorf. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa surat kabar Soerapati pertama terbit setelah kongres PKI dan SR di Sukabumi pada tahun 1923. Hal ini diawali dengan perpecahan SI saat kongres di Madiun yang menghasilkan disiplin partai. PKI dan SR menggunakan media surat kabar Soerapati untuk melakukan perlawanan terhadap pemerintah kolonial dan pemerintah lokal, selain itu surat kabar Soerapati menjadi media perdebatan ideologi di internal organisasi pergerakan. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perlawanan yang dilakukan oleh PKI dan SR berakhir dengan penangkapan dan pembuangan yang diberitakan di surat kabar Soerapati. Hal ini menjadi salah satu faktor surat kabar Soerapati harus disita dan dilarang terbit pada tahun 1925. AbstractThe Indigenous intellectual resistance carried out by communist ideology organizations using multiple media, including Soerapati newspapers. By used the historical method consists of four stages of work: heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. Concepts and theories used is the public sphere concept of Habermas and conflict theory of Dahrendorf. The results concluded that newspapers first published after the congress Soerapati PKI and SR in Sukabumi in 1923. It was preceded by a split time SI congress in Madiun who produce a discipline party. PKI and SR Soerapati using the press to fight against the colonial and local governments, in addition to the Soerapati newspaper became the ideological debates media movement organizations internally. The conclusions is carried out by the resistance of the PKI and SR ended with the capture and disposal by newspapers Soerapati. This is one factor newspaper Soerapati be confiscated and banned in 1925.
H.M. ARIEF MAHYA: ULAMA, PEJUANG, DAN TOKOH PENDIDIKAN LAMPUNG (1926-Sekarang)
Authors: Imadudin Iim
Published: March 2018

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap kiprah dan pemikiran dari salah seorang ulama terkemuka yang berasal dari Lampung, yaitu H.M. Arief Mahya. Ulama Lampung kelahiran Gedungasin Liwa 6 Juni 1926 ini adalah saksi dari peralihan kolonialisme ke zaman revolusi kemerdekaan, terus berlanjut ke masa pembangunan dan reformasi. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitianmemperlihatkan bahwa H.M. Arief Mahya bukan hanya ulama yang mengembangkan dakwah di kalangan umat, namun juga pendidik yang telah melahirkan generasiLampung berikutnya. Selain itu, ia turut berjuang dalam upaya mempertahankan kemerdekaan. Ia pernah menjadi pimpinan Hizbullah melawan kolonialisme yang hendak merebut kemerdekaan. Selain berjuang secara fisik, ia juga mencurahkan pemikiran melalui media publik, seperti surat kabar. Ciri pokok dari tokoh Lampung ini adalah konsistensinya untuk terus berjuang di jalan yang diyakininya. Betapapun dunia sudah berubah dan terjadi krisis nilai, ia terus istiqomah melanjutkan kiprahnya mendidik umat. AbstractThis study aims to reveal the gait and the thought of one of the leading scholars from Lampung, namely KH M. Arief Mahya. Theologian Lampung who was born at Gedungasin Liwa on June 6, 1926 is the witness of the transition era of colonialism to independence revolution and continues to the development and reformation era. This study uses historical method consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that KH M. Arief Mahya was not only a scholar who developed the message among the people, but also an educator who had bridged to the next generation of Lampung. In addition, he participated in the effort tomaintain the independence struggle. He was once the leader of Hizbullah against colonialism who want to snatch the independence. Besides physically struggling, he also devoted ideas through public media, such as newspapers. The main characteristic of this Lampung figure was the consistency to keep fighting in the way he believed. No matter how the world has changed and there was a crisis of value, he persistently continued to educate people.
KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT JATIGEDE DALAM PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL
Authors: Purnama Yuzar
Published: March 2018

AbstrakPengobatan tradisional merupakan salah satu alternatif pengobatan bagi masyarakat baik di perkotaan maupun desa. Begitu pula pada masyarakat Jatigede, kabupaten Sumedang. Padahal peralatan canggih dan jenis obat-obatan moderen semakin banyak dan lengkap. Hal inilah yang menarik untuk mengkaji tentang pengobatan tradisional pada masyarakat Jatigede, kabupaten Sumedang. Permasalahannya adalah apa alasan memilih obat tradisional? Bagaimana caranya? Apa bahan-bahannya? Dan penyakit apa yang dapat disembuhkan dengan obat tradisional? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lengkap dan jelas tentang pengobatan tradisional pada masyarakat Jatigede. Penelitian dibatasi pada pengobatan tradisional melalui oral. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian didahului studi pustaka, pengambilan data (observasi dan wawancara), klasifikasi data, analisis dan pelaporan. Kesimpulannya, pengobatan tradisional bagi masyarakat Sunda di Jatigede merupakan kebutuhan yang tidak dapat dihindarkan karena faktor alam yang mendukung, keamanan (efek samping), harga murah, mudah didapatkan dan sederhana membuatnya. AbstractTraditional medicine is an alternative treatment for people in both urban and rural. Similarly, in Jatigede, Sumedang regency, even though there are more complete and advanced equipment and types of modern medicine. It is interesting to investigate about the traditional medicine in Jatigede, Sumedang regency. The issue is what is the reason behind the traditional medicine choosing? How to conduct the traditional medicine? What are the ingredients? And what diseases can be cured by traditional medicine? This study aims to get acomplete and clear picture of the Jatigede traditional medicine. The study was confined to the oral traditional treatment. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive method. It is preceded by research literature, data collection (observation and interview), data classification, analysis and reporting. In conclusion, the traditional treatment for the Sundanese people in Jatigede is a necessity that cannot be avoided because of supporting natural factors, security (side effects), the cheap price, the availability and the simple making.
SEJARAH SOSIAL-BUDAYA KABUPATEN KUNINGAN
Authors: S. Euis Thresnawaty
Published: March 2018

AbstrakKuningan adalah salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang terletak di ujung Timur. Dari sisi sejarah sosial budayanya Kabupaten Kuningan menarik untuk dikaji, karena sejak beberapa abad yang lalu daerah Kuningan telah menjadi daerah pemukiman manusia. Dari penemuan-penemuan benda seperti menhir, dolmen, dan lain-lain dapat disimpulkan bahwa daerah Kuningan telah didiami oleh manusia sejak masa neolitik. Namun demikian, mengingat panjangnya sejarah yang dilalui Kabupaten Kuningan dengan melalui beberapa masa maka penelitian ini difokuskan pada masa kolonial hingga kemerdekaan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi sosial budaya di Kabupaten Kuningan pada masa tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejak dahulu posisi Kabupaten Kuningan yang strategis membuat wilayah dan masyarakatnya senantiasa mampu mengikuti dinamika kehidupan, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya interaksi dengan kelompok masyarakat lainnya baik secara teritorial maupun kultural. AbstractKuningan District is one area in West Java province located at the end of Northeast. In terms of social and cultural history of Kuningan regency, it is interesting to be investigated since from several centuries ago Kuningan has become the area of human settlements. From the discoveries of objects such as menhirs, dolmen, etc , it can be concluded that the Kuningan has been inhabited by humans since the Neolithic era. Nevertheless, due to the long history of Kuningan, this study only focused on the colonial to independence period to determine how the social and cultural conditions in the district of Kuningan in that era. The method used is the historical method which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that from long ago, the strategic position of Kuningan District makes this area and the community is able to follow the dynamics of life, thus it enables the interaction with other community, both territorially and culturally.
KAJIAN NILAI BUDAYA DALAM CARITA PANTUN SAWUNG GALING
Authors: Purnama Yuzar
Published: March 2018

AbstrakBangsa Indonesia adalah bangsa sejuta ragam budaya. Salah satunya kesenian Carita Pantun, kesenian ini tumbuhkembang pada masyarakat Sunda di Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Banten. Kini kesenian ini memprihatinkan karena jarang tampil dan pendukungnya kurang. Upaya pelestarian dapat dilakukan dengan mendokumentasikan cerita dan mengkajinya. Pada kesempatan ini penulis akan mengkaji Carita Pantun Sawung Galing. Batasan penelitian melingkupi nilai budaya yang terkandung dalam Carita Pantun Sawung Galing dan apa yang dimaksud dengan Carita Pantun? Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lengkap tentang Carita Pantun Sawung Galing. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Simpulan, Tokoh Sawung Galing yang bernama Raden Rangga Sawung Galing adalah tokoh heroik Sang Penakluk karena enam kerajaan dapat direbut dan dikuasainya. Selain perkasa kepribadian tokoh menjadi teladan bagi anak bangsa karena memiliki jiwa religius yang tersirat dalan nilai agama, jiwa sosial yang mengagumkan tersirat dalam nilai sosial, semangat kerja tersirat dalam nilai etos kerja. Abstract Indonesia is a nation with the abundance of cultural diversity among traditional arts. One of the traditional arts that highlighted is Carita Pantun. This art is growing and developing in the Sundanese people in the province of West Java and Banten. Carita Pantun is included to a traditional art whose existence is quite alarming because it is very rarely performed and it has few supporters. Conservation efforts should be made of them by documenting the stories are superbly presented and assess the value of culture. Here, the writer examines Carita Pantun Sawung Galing. The limitation of the study is poured in the form of a question that what are the cultural values contained in Carita Pantun Sawung Galing? What is meant by Carita Pantun? The research aims to obtain a complete picture of Carita Pantun Sawung Galing. In conclusion, there are many cultural values of the nation which has not been revealed so that the younger generation does not recognize and know more about the foreign characters. Galing Sawung figure, whose full name is Raden Rangga Sawung Galing, is a conqueror heroic figure since there are six captured and mastered kingdoms.
RASPI SANG MAESTRO RONGGENG GUNUNG
Authors: Thresnawaty S. Euis
Published: March 2018

AbstrakRaspi adalah seorang maestro seni yang peduli pada lestarinya kesenian tradisional yang hampir punah, yaitu ronggeng gunung. Kesenian tradisional ini berasal dari Kabupaten Ciamis. Tarian ini muncul atas nama cinta dan dendam Dewi Siti Samboja, putri ke-38 Prabu Siliwangi karena suaminya Raden Anggalarang tewas di tangan bajak laut/bajo. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui siapakah Raspi, bagaimana kiprahnya sebagai ronggeng gunung, yang mampu bertahan sampai sekarang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh informasi bahwa Raspi lahir di Dusun Karang Gowok, Kabupaten Ciamis tahun 1956. Sejak kecil ia hidup sendiri karena kedua orang tuanya telah bercerai. Usia 13 tahun, yaitu sekitar tahun 1970-an, Raspi lari dari rumahnya karena dipaksa kawin oleh orang tuanya. Saat pelarian itulah ia bertemu guru pertamanya sebagai penari ronggeng yaitu Embah Maja Kabun di Kampung Jubleg, Desa Panyutran, Kecamatan Padaherang, Kabupaten Ciamis. AbstractRaspi is a master of the art who concern about the preservation of nearly extinct traditional arts, namely Ronggeng Mountains. This traditional art is derived from Ciamis District. This dance appears in the name of love and revenge of Samboja Siti Dewi, daughter of the 38th Prabu Siliwangi Raden Anggalarang because her husband was killed by the pirates / bajo. This research is conducted to find out who is Raspi?, how his work as Ronggeng Mountain, is able to survive until now? The method used is the historical method which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results are obtained that Raspi was born in Dusun Karang Kupa, Ciamis district in 1956. Since he was a kid, he lived alone because his parents had divorced. At age 13, which is about 1970, Raspi ran away because he was forced to marry by his parents. In his escape, he met his first teacher as a dancer Ronggeng, Embah Maja Kabun in Kampung Jubleg, Panyutran Village, District Padaherang, Ciamis District.
MORFOLOGI KOTA-KOTA DI PRIANGAN TIMUR PADA ABAD XX – XXI; Studi Kasus Kota Garut, Ciamis, dan Tasikmalaya
Authors: Falah Miftahul , Lubis Nina Herlina , Sofianto Kunto
Published: March 2018

Tulisan ini akan mengkaji perubahan Morfologi Kota-Kota di Priangan Timur pada Abad XX-XXI dengan memfokuskan pada Kota Garut, Ciamis, dan Tasikmalaya. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu, dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode sejarah yang meliputi empat tahap yakni heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan morfologi kota dengan mengkaji tata ruang dan infrastruktur kota, simbol kota, bangunan, dan ruang terbuka di Kota Garut, Ciamis, dan Tasikmalaya menunjukkan kecenderungan yang berbeda. Pada awalnya, struktur dan pola kota ketiganya menunjukkan kecenderungan yang sama karena mendapat pengaruh struktur kota tradisional. Akan tetapi, dalam perkembangannya menunjukkan perbedaan yang terlihat dari struktur dan pola kota Tasikmalaya yang cenderung mengabaikan struktur dan pola kota tradisional. Unsur-unsur kota kolonial di ketiga kota tersebut cukup nampak sehingga terjadi perpaduan antara kota tradisional dan kota kolonial yang salah satunya terlihat dari bangunan yang mendapat pengaruh budaya indis. This paper examines the morphology changes of Cities in East Priangan in the 20th and 21st  century by focusing on the city of Garut, Ciamis and Tasikmalaya. To achieve that goal, this study uses historical method which includes four stages of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that the growth of the city by studying morphology and spatial infrastructure of the city, a symbol of the city, buildings and open spaces in the city of Garut, Ciamis and Tasikmalaya shows a different trend. At first, the structure and pattern of the three cities showed the same tendency as under the influence of traditional city structures. However, in its development shows the differences seen from the structure and pattern of Tasikmalaya which tends to undermine the structure and pattern of traditional town. The elements of the colonial city in the three cities are quite visible, causing a blend of traditional and colonial city. One of which is visible from the building that received cultural influences of Indies.
CIPATAT KOLOT: DINAMIKA KAMPUNG ADAT DI ERA MODERNISASI
Authors: Setiawan Irvan
Published: March 2018

AbstrakKampung adat merupakan bagian dari aset budaya yang perlu dilestarikan. Rekapitulasi kampung adat di Provinsi Jawa Barat bersifat relatif karena masih ada beberapa kampung adat yang belum terdata, dan salah satunya adalah Kampung Cipatat Kolot di Desa Kiarapandak Kecamatan Sukajaya Kabupaten Bogor. Dinamika budaya akibat modernisasi membuat Kampung Cipatat Kolot menjadi sebuah kampung yang mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Aset budaya yang menjadi kunci sebuah kampung adat mulai luntur. Sementara itu, pendataan dan pengkajian mengenai Kampung Cipatat Kolot masih sangat minim. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengkaji aset dinamika budaya yang masih dimiliki Kampung Cipatat Kolot. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sangat disayangkan apabila aset budaya Kampung Cipatat Kolot tidak dilestarikan, salah satunya karena makam Buyut Cipatat sebagai sesepuh dan menjadikan Kampung Cipatat Kolot menjadi sebuah kampung adat masih sangat dihormati tidak hanya oleh warga sekitar tetapi juga kasepuhan dalam kesatuan adat Banten Kidul. Selain itu dinamika budaya masih belum begitu jauh yang ditandai oleh masih adanya upacara tradisional yang biasa dilaksanakan oleh kampung adat dalam wilayah kesatuan Banten Kidul. AbstractTraditional village as one of the cultural heritage should be conserved. The numbers of traditional village still in process of recapitulation.  One of traditional village is Kampung Cipatat Kolot in Desa Kiarapandak Kecamatan Sukajaya Kabupaten Bogor.  The village is not holding the traditional ways anymore; they live long with the modernization.  The cultural asset vanished. Meanwhile, there’s still lack of data and research about Cipatat Kolot village. This research tries to explore and examine the cultural heritage existence of Kampung Cipatat Kolot.  Using qualitative method, the research concludes that the cultural assets of Kampung Cipatat Kolot were not perpetuated.  One of the cultural assetsthat should be conserved is the grave of Buyu Cipatat which is well known as an elder. It should be conserved because of his name Kampung Cipatat Kolotis respected by other traditional village and in the line of Banten Kidul customs.
PANDANGAN ORIENTALIS TERHADAP IDENTITAS DAN ISU POLITIK TOKOH PEREMPUAN DALAM PUTRI CINA
Authors: Nur Sakinah R. Myrna
Published: March 2018

AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas dua permasalahan tentang pandangan orientalis terhadap identitas dan isu politik yang terdapat pada novel Putri Cina karya Sindhunata. Karya ini memiliki kekuatan dalam mengungkap identitas dan isu politik. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh tradisi dan posisi Putri Cina di tengah masyarakat Jawa dan Cina.  Penelitian ini berfokus pada kajian Postkolonial yang dikemukakan oleh Edward Said (1978). Hubungan kisah traumatik menjadi perempuan yang sama-sama mengalami kepedihan ini dianggap sebagai cara untuk memahami hal yang tidak dikenal dan dapat dikatakan sebagai sebuah proyeksi psikologis terhadap dunia eksternal. Dalam pendekatan ini peneliti akan menggunakan penelitian pendekatan kritik secara objektif. Itu berarti bahwa peneliti akan menekankan struktur karya sastra dalam pengembangan dunia pengarang, publik pembaca, dan situasi zaman yang melahirkan karya sastra tersebut. Dari hasil analisis ditemukan penilaian orientalis yang diperankan oleh tokoh perempuan pada novel Putri Cina karya Shindunata ini direpresentasikan dalam eksistensinya di tengah masyarakat Jawa dan Cina sebagai tokoh perempuan yang mencitrakan identitasnya dengan citra perempuan secara fisik, perilaku, psikis, dan sosial.   AbstractTwo subjects in this research were about the orientalist view of identity and political issue in Putri Cina novel of Sindhunata.  The power of this work was on revealing the identity and political issues, influenced by the hierarchy position of Chinese princess in the middle of Javanese and Chinese society.  This research focused on Postcolonial discussion by Edward Said (1978).  The traumatic relationship being the tragic women was considered as a way in understanding the unknown and can be said as a psychology reflection toward the external world.  The writer implemented critical approach objectively, means that the writer concerned on the structure of literary work in developing the world of authority, reader, and the situation of particular era.  The result found that the orientalist judgment of a woman character in Putri Cina of Shindunata represented her existences in the middle of Javanese and Chinese society as a woman who identified herself physically, attitude, and social.
DITIOENG MEMEH HOEDJAN: PEMIKIRAN PANGERAN ARIA SURIA ATMADJA DALAM MEMAJUKAN PEMUDA PRIBUMI DI SUMEDANG (1800-1921)
Authors: Lasmiyati Lasmiyati
Published: March 2018

AbstrakPangeran  Aria Suria Atmadja telah memajukan Sumedang di berbagai sektor seperti pertanian, perikanan, kehutanan, politik, kebudayaan, dan sektor lainnya. Atas jasa-jasanya dalam memajukan Sumedang, pada  25 April 1922 didirikan  monumen berbentuk Lingga yang  diresmikan oleh Gubernur Jenderal D. Fock.  Pada masa  pemerintah kolonial Belanda di bawah Gubernur Jenderal Paul van Limburg Stirum menguasai wilayah Sumedang, Pangeran Aria Suria Atmadja mengusulkan agar para pemuda pribumi dilatih menggunakan senjata. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui sosok  Pangeran Aria Suria Atmadja, bagaimana dan dalam bidang  apa beliau berkiprah untuk memajukan Sumedang dan bagaimana  reaksi pemerintah kolonial terhadap  kiprahnya. Tulisan berjudul Ditioeng Memeh Hudjan merupakan karya luhung Pangeran Aria Suria Atmadja yang berisikan keinginan, cita-cita, dan harapan untuk memajukan pemuda pribumi di Sumedang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Dari hasil penelitian   yang dilakukan diperoleh informasi bahwa  usulan Pangeran Aria Suria Atmadja agar pemerintah kolonial  melatih para pemuda  untuk menggunakan senjata ditolak. Pemerintah kolonial bereaksi dengan membuat tiga benteng pertahanan di Sumedang.  AbstractThe prince Aria Suria Atmadja drummed up Sumedang in various sectors as well as agriculture, fishery, forestry, politics, culture, and other sectors.  Because of his merit, on April 25th the Governor General D. Fock build a monumen, and the monumen shaped is Lingga ().   In the era of Dutch colonialism, General Paul van Limburg Stirum hold the governor of Sumedang.In that time, Prince Aria Suria Atmadja was raising a new issue that the young people have to train in using a weapon (gun).  What to do with this research is to know the figure of Prince Aria Suria Atmadja, especially to know the ways of Prince Aria in developing Sumedangand to find out the reaction of dutch collonial which is caused by the movement of the prince.  The writtten entitled Ditioeng Memeh Hudjanis one of the greatest masterpiece of Prince Aria Suria Atmadja, which is containing his will, hope and expectation in drumming up young people in Sumedang.  The method that writer used are related with Heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historygraphy.  The result of the research show us that the suggestions of Prince Aria Suria Atmadja related to the use weapon (gun) was rejected by the dutch collonial.  The dutch collonial also build three defence fortress in Sumedang as the response to the movement.
SEJARAH SOSIAL KOTA BEKASI
Authors: Adeng Adeng
Published: March 2018

AbstrakKegiatan penelitian dan penulisan sejarah sosial baru dilakukan sekitar tahun 1950-an, baik di negara-negara maju maupun di negara-negara yang sedang berkembang. Di negara-negara yang sedang berkembang seperti Indonesia, kegiatan penelitian dan penulisan Sejarah Sosial masih sedikit dilakukan terutama yang bercorak sejarah sosial daerah. Penelitian dan penulisan sejarah yang sering dilakukan bercorak Sejarah Politik dan Sejarah Militer. Sejarah politik isinya menguraikan tentang pemerintahan kerajaan-kerajaan di Indonesia, pada masa pemerintahan Belanda, dan pendudukan Jepang. Sejarah Militer isinya tentang pertempuran-pertempuran baik melawan agresi Belanda maupun facisme Jepang. Dengan tersusunnya Sejarah Sosial Kota Bekasi diharapkan dapat diperoleh gambaran atau potret seluruh aspek kehidupan sosial daerah Kota Bekasi pada masa kini, dengan latar belakang masa lampau untuk memberikan proyeksi pada masa yang akan datang.  Untuk merekontruksi digunakan metode sejarah yang meliputi empat tahap, yaitu:  heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Kota Bekasi sebelumnya sebuah kecamatan dari Kabupaten Bekasi. Pada tahun 1982 Kecamatan Bekasi ditingkatkan statusnya menjadi kota administrasi. Pada tahun 1996 kembali ditingkatkan statusnya menjadi kotamadya. Dalam perkembangannya Kota Bekasi menjadi kawasan industri dan kawasan tempat tinggal kaum urban. Kota yang berada dalam lingkungan megapolitan ini merupakan salah satu kota besar urutan keempat di Indonesia yang terdapat di Provinsi Jawa Barat. AbstractThe Research and writing of the new social history made around the 1950s, both in developed countries and in emerging countries. In countries like Indonesia as one of the emerging countries, research and writing of Social History is few, especially about the history of social region.  Research and writing of history is often done patterned with Political History or Military History. The contents of Political history usually outlining with the era of kingdoms, and the governments in Indonesia at the time of Dutch and Japanese occupation.  The contents of Military History usually discussed the battles either against the aggression of the Dutch and Japanese fascism.  With the completion of the Social History of Bekasi City, hopefully it can get a photograph all aspects of the social life of the city of at present, with a background in the past to provide projections of future.  This research used historical method which includes four phases: heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography.  In the past Bekasi well known as sub-district of Bekasi District. In 1982 the sub-district of Bekasi upgraded to municipality or administration city. Bekasi become a city in 1996.  In their development, Bekasi become a central of industrial area and as residence of urban society. The town is located in a megapolitan city of Jakarta, and one of the biggest cities in in the province of West Java.
ARSITEKTUR TRADISIONAL DI KASEPUHAN SINAR RESMI KABUPATEN SUKABUMI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Rusnandar Nandang
Published: March 2018

AbstrakKetertarikan pada penelitian ini didasarkan pada adanya kesinambungan bentuk arsitektur tradisional  di Tatar Sunda yang memiliki kesamaan dalam  segi arsitektural, namun memiliki ciri-ciri mandiri yang disesuaikan dengan tata aturan dan adat istiadat setempat. Kampung Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi, merupakan salah satu kampung adat di wilayah Kecamatan Cisolok Kabupaten Sukabumi. Salah satu karya yang dihasilkan oleh komunitas ini  adalah bentuk arsitektur yang merupakan cerminan kuat dari latarbelakang budaya yang melingkupinya. Simbol-simbol yang mengandung tata nilai menjadi acuan mereka dalam bergerak hidup, sehingga nilai-nilai itulah yang dapat mempertahankan keutuhan arsitektur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran secara utuh dan mendalam tentang arsitektur serta mengungkap simbol dan nilai  filosofis masyarakatnya. Metode penelitian adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi langsung dan wawancara. Arsitektur, merupakan buah karya yang tak lepas dari simbol dan nilai yang melekat pada masyarakat pendukungnya, sehingga tata cara pembangunan tidak ditinggalkan walaupun perubahan terus melanda. Keteguhan dalam mempertahankan adat ini menjadi ciri mandiri dalam menghasilkan bentuk arsitektur yang ada di Sinar Resmi. Abstract The interest in this research based on the relations between traditional architecture in Sudanese which have similarity in the shape of architecture, but they have a specific character adapted with the custom rules that they lived.  Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi village is one of the traditional village in Cisolok sub-district, Sukabumi district.  One of the works that they have made is the shape of architecture, it symbolize strong Sudanese character. The symbol which have values become a reference in facing their life, so that the values that can maintain the integrity of the architecture.  The purposes of this research is to get the full picture and the depth of the architecture as well as revealing the symbol and the value of the philosophical community.  The method of this research is qualitative, with direct observation and interview as a technique in collecting the data.  Architecture as a masterpiece cannot separated from symbol and values in the society, so the procedures are not left even the changes continue to plague. Firmness in maintaining this custom became self-sufficient in generating characteristic architecture of Sinar Resmi village.
Comment on “Costs and Benefits of Quebec's Drive Electric Program”
Authors: Barla Philippe
Published: March 2018

This comment reexamines the results of the cost–benefit analysis of the Quebec Drive Electric Program by Mercier, Lanoie, and Leroux published in this journal in 2015. It shows that when the additional costs of the electric vehicles with respect to conventional vehicles are accounted for, the Drive Electric Program leads to a negative net present value.
Effect of processing parameters on microstructural and mechanical properties of aluminum–SiO2 nanocomposites produced by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Sadeghi Behzad , Shamanian Morteza , Ashrafizadeh Fakhreddin , Cavaliere Pasquale
Published: March 2018

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a powder metallurgy technique developed for consolidating metallic and/or ceramic particles in very short times. High heating and cooling rates can prevent excessive grain growth, favoring densification. The spark plasma sintered materials' final properties are strongly related to the reinforcement types and percentages as well as to the processing parameters employed during synthesis. The present paper analyses the effect of 3 and 6 wt.% of nanosized SiO2 particles addition on the mechanical and microstructural behavior of Al-based metal matrix composites produced via SPS. The microstructural and mechanical behavior was analyzed as a function of the SPS parameters: heating rate, sintering temperature and pressure. Low percentages of silica particles are very effective for improving mechanical properties. High reinforcing percentages lead to agglomeration and drops in the composite's mechanical properties.
Synthesis of Aryl and Heterocyclic Polyenes and Their Activity in Free Radical Scavenging
Authors: Deng Kaini , Yang Zuxing , Luo Juan , Wu Kaiqun
Published: March 2018

Aryl polyenes and heterocyclic polyenes with the same central C20 unit of β,β-carotene but different terminal groups were synthesised. Their free radical scavenging activity was measured by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazinyl spectrophotometric method. The results indicated that all the new compounds have free radical scavenging activity.
From Sasstown to Zaria: Tom Coffee and the Kru Origins of the Soudan Interior Mission, 1893–1895
Authors: Geysbeek Tim
Published: March 2018

This article 1 underscores the key role that Tom Coffee, an ethnic Kru migrant from Sasstown, Liberia, played in founding the Soudan Interior Mission (SIM). Coffee journeyed with Walter Gowans and Thomas Kent up into what is now northern Nigeria in 1894 to help establish SIM. Gowans and Kent died before they reached their destination, the walled city of Kano. SIM's other co-founder, Rowland Bingham, did not travel with his friends, and thus lived to tell his version of their story. By using materials written in the 1890s and secondary sources published more recently, this work provides new insights into SIM's first trip to Africa. The article begins by giving background information about the Kru and Sasstown and the impact that the Methodist Episcopal Church had on some of the people who lived in Sasstown after it established a mission there in 1889. Coffee's likely connection with the Methodist Church would have helped him understand the goal and strategy of his missionary employers. The article then discusses the journey Coffee and the two SIM missionaries took up into the hinterland. The fortitude that Coffee showed as he travelled into the interior reflects the ethos of his heritage and town of origin. Coffee represents just one of millions of indigenous peoples – the vast number whose stories are now not known – who worked alongside expatriate missionaries to establish Christianity around the world. It is fitting, during SIM's quasquicentennial, to tell this story about this African who helped the three North American missionaries establish SIM.
Real-Time Tomography of Gas-Jets with a Wollaston Interferometer
Authors: Adelmann Andreas , Hermann Benedikt , Ischebeck Rasmus , Kaluza Malte , Locans Uldis , Sauerwein Nick , Tarkeshian Roxana
Published: March 2018

A tomographic gas-density diagnostic using a Single-Beam Wollaston Interferometer able to characterize non-symmetric density distributions in gas jets is presented. A real-time tomographic algorithm is able to reconstruct three-dimensional density distributions. A Maximum Likelihood-Expectation Maximization algorithm, an iterative method with good convergence properties compared to simple back projection, is used. With the use of graphical processing units, real-time computation and high resolution are achieved. Two different gas jets are characterized: a kHz, piezo-driven jet for lower densities and a solenoid valve-based jet producing higher densities. While the first jet is used for free electron laser photon beam characterization, the second jet is used in laser wake field acceleration experiments. In this latter application, well-tailored and non-symmetric density distributions produced by a supersonic shock front generated by a razor blade inserted laterally to the gas flow, which breaks cylindrical symmetry, need to be characterized.
Numerical and Experimental Study on Multi-Focal Metallic Fresnel Zone Plates Designed by the Phase Selection Rule via Virtual Point Sources
Authors: Kim Jinseob , Kim Hyuntai , Lee Gun-Yeal , Kim Juhwan , Lee Byoungho , Jeong Yoonchan
Published: March 2018

We propose a novel design method for multi-focal metallic Fresnel zone plates (MFZPs), which exploits the phase selection rule by putting virtual point sources (VPSs) at the desired focal points distant to the MFZP plane. The phase distribution at the MFZP plane reciprocally formed by the VPSs was quantized in a binary manner based on the phase selection rule, thereby leading to a corresponding on-off amplitude pattern for the targeted MFZP. The resultant phase distribution was dependent on the complex amplitudes of the VPSs, so that they could be determined from the perspective of both multi-focal functionality and fabrication feasibility. As a typical example, we utilized the particle swarm optimization algorithm to determine them. Based on the proposed method, we designed and numerically analyzed two types of novel MFZPs—one for a monochromatic multi-focal application and the other for a multi-chromatic mono-focal application—verifying the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method. We also fabricated them onto Au-deposited glass substrates, using electron beam evaporation and a focused ion beam milling process. We experimentally characterized them and also verified that they successfully demonstrated their feasibilities. The former produced distinct hot spots at three different focal distances of 10, 15, and 20 μ m for monochromatic incidence at 650 nm, and the latter produced a single hot spot at a focal distance of 15 μ m for multi-chromatic incidence at 660, 532, and 473 nm. The experimental results were also in good agreement with their corresponding numerical results. We expect that both MFZPs will have various applications, such as laser micromachining, optical trapping, biomedical sensing, confocal collimation, achromatic optics, etc.
The Impact of Protein Structure and Sequence Similarity on the Accuracy of Machine-Learning Scoring Functions for Binding Affinity Prediction
Authors: Li Hongjian , Peng Jiangjun , Leung Yee , Leung Kwong-Sak , Wong Man-Hon , Lu Gang , Ballester Pedro
Published: March 2018

It has recently been claimed that the outstanding performance of machine-learning scoring functions (SFs) is exclusively due to the presence of training complexes with highly similar proteins to those in the test set. Here, we revisit this question using 24 similarity-based training sets, a widely used test set, and four SFs. Three of these SFs employ machine learning instead of the classical linear regression approach of the fourth SF (X-Score which has the best test set performance out of 16 classical SFs). We have found that random forest (RF)-based RF-Score-v3 outperforms X-Score even when 68% of the most similar proteins are removed from the training set. In addition, unlike X-Score, RF-Score-v3 is able to keep learning with an increasing training set size, becoming substantially more predictive than X-Score when the full 1105 complexes are used for training. These results show that machine-learning SFs owe a substantial part of their performance to training on complexes with dissimilar proteins to those in the test set, against what has been previously concluded using the same data. Given that a growing amount of structural and interaction data will be available from academic and industrial sources, this performance gap between machine-learning SFs and classical SFs is expected to enlarge in the future.
Investigation of Waste Paper Cellulosic Fibers Utilization into Cement Based Building Materials
Authors: Hospodarova Viola , Stevulova Nadezda , Briancin Jaroslav , Kostelanska Katarina
Published: March 2018

Recently, the utilization of renewable natural cellulosic materials, such as wood, plants, and waste paper in the preparation of building materials has attracted significant interest. This is due to their advantageous properties, low environmental impact and low cost. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of recycled cellulosic fibers (in the amount 0.5 wt % of the filler and binder weight) and superplasticizer (in the amount 0.5 wt % of the cement weight) on the resulting properties of cement composites (consistency of fresh mixture, density, thermal conductivity, and compressive and flexural strength) for hardening times of 1, 3, 7, 28, and 90 days. Plasticizer use improved the workability of fresh cement mixture. In comparison to the reference sample, the results revealed a decrease in density of 6.8% and in the thermal conductivity of composites with cellulosic fibers of 34%. The highest values of compressive (48.4 MPa) and flexural (up to 7 MPa) strength were achieved for hardened fiber cement specimens with plasticizer due to their significantly better dispersion of cement particles and improved bond strength between fibers and matrix.
Elevated Gene Expression of Interleukin-32 Isoforms Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta in the Peripheral Blood of Chronic Psoriatic Patients
Authors: Al-Shobaili Hani , Rasheed Zafar
Published: March 2018

Inflammatory-mediated reactions have been implicated as contributors in a number of dermatological disorders, including psoriasis. However, the potential of interleukin (IL)-32 and its isoforms to contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains unexplored. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of IL-32 and its isoforms IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, and IL-32δ in the peripheral blood of psoriatic patients. The majority of chronic plaque psoriatic patients showed elevated IL-32 mRNA levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as compared with the levels of IL-32 mRNA in PBMCs of healthy controls (p = 0.001). To further investigate the role of elevated levels of IL-32 in psoriatic patients, IL-32 isoforms mRNAs were determined. All tested isoforms IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, and IL-32δ were overexpressed in psoriatic patients PBMCs as compared with healthy controls’ PBMCs (p < 0.05). IL-32α mRNA expression was also significantly higher as compared with all other isoforms of IL-32 in PBMCs of psoriatic patients (p < 0.001). In short, this is the first study that shows the role of IL-32 and its isoforms in the peripheral blood of psoriatic patients. Our novel findings support an association between elevated levels of IL-32 and psoriasis. The data also suggest that a major proinflammatory response of IL-32 may derive from IL-32α isoform in psoriasis.
A Reliability Assessment Method for High Speed Train Electromagnetic Relays
Authors: Liu Jianqiang , Zhang Ming , Zhao Nan , Chen Aifeng
Published: March 2018

The condition of electromagnetic relays is crucial to the safe and normal operation of the high-speed train (HST). At present, there are no proper testing and assessment methods for the condition of electromagnetic relays. Electromagnetic relays experience aging and failure over their service time, which causes many potential security problems. To solve these problems, the failure mechanisms of electromagnetic relays are analyzed. The Fick diffusion theory and the Larson–Miller method are used to deduce the degradation models for contact resistance and closing time. Based on these models, an approach to calculate relay life is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a test platform was designed and built. The accelerated life test was carried out by using Siemens 3TH electromagnetic relays (3TH4244-OLF4, Siemens, Suzhou, China). Contact resistance and closing time were measured using a test platform. The least squares fitting was used to calculate the residual sum of squares and the unknown parameters in the degradation models with the test data. The optimal degradation model was chosen according to the fitting results. Relay life at four temperature stress levels was predicted by the optimal degradation model and failure threshold of the relays. The result indicates that the life of the electromagnetic relays at ambient temperature is 11,874 days and prediction error is about 5%, which provides important guidance for the maintenance of electromagnetic relays.
A Multi-Parameter Optimization Model for the Evaluation of Shale Gas Recovery Enhancement
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Jianguo , Leung Chunfai , Gao Feng
Published: March 2018

Although a multi-stage hydraulically fractured horizontal well in a shale reservoir initially produces gas at a high production rate, this production rate declines rapidly within a short period and the cumulative gas production is only a small fraction (20–30%) of the estimated gas in place. In order to maximize the gas recovery rate (GRR), this study proposes a multi-parameter optimization model for a typical multi-stage hydraulically fractured shale gas horizontal well. This is achieved by combining the response surface methodology (RSM) for the optimization of objective function with a fully coupled hydro-mechanical FEC-DPM for forward computation. The objective function is constructed with seven uncertain parameters ranging from matrix to hydraulic fracture. These parameters are optimized to achieve the GRR maximization in short-term and long-term gas productions, respectively. The key influential factors among these parameters are identified. It is established that the gas recovery rate can be enhanced by 10% in the short-term production and by 60% in the long-term production if the optimized parameters are used. Therefore, combining hydraulic fracturing with an auxiliary method to enhance the gas diffusion in matrix may be an effective alternative method for the economic development of shale gas.
Research on Optimal Wind Power Penetration Ratio and the Effects of a Wind-Thermal-Bundled System under the Constraint of Rotor Angle Transient Stability
Authors: Ding Ming , Zhang Yan , Han Pingping , Bao Yuying , Zhang Haitian
Published: March 2018

Large-scale wind-thermal-bundled power that is transmitted by mixed ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC)/ultra-high voltage alternating current (UHVAC) systems has become crucial for large-scale wind farms in China. Equations describing the electromagnetic power characteristics under short circuits for UHVAC lines and UHVDC blocks are derived based on an analysis of the external characteristics of a doubly fed wind farm and UHVDC systems. The effect of wind power penetration ratio on rotor angle transient stability is analysed, and the optimal wind power penetration ratio under the constraint of rotor angle transient stability is determined. The effects of system parameters, such as the UHVDC transmission capacity and the reactance of UHVAC lines on the optimal wind power penetration ratio are discussed. The trend of rotor angle stability varies from a monotonic deterioration to concave, and the optimal wind power penetration ratio increases from 0 to 30% under an UHVDC block when the reactance of UHVAC lines increases from 0.005 to 0.02. The optimal wind power penetration ratio under a short circuit increases from 40% to 60% when the reactance of UHVAC lines decreases from 0.02 to 0.006 and decreases from 40% to 30% when the capacity of UHVDC decreases from 3200 MW to 1600 MW. The analysis is verified by simulating an actual system in China’s Northwest Power Grid.
Availability of Ambient RF Energy in d-Dimensional Wireless Networks
Authors: Xia Hongxing , Li Yongzhao , Zhang Hailin , Natarajan Balasubramaniam
Published: March 2018

Radio frequency (RF) enabled energy harvesting has garnered increasingly broad applications in energy-constrained wireless networks. In this context, the actual available energy is constrained by the harvesting threshold of RF harvesters. In this paper, we first propose two new metrics, effective energy harvesting probability (EEHP) and spatial mean harvestable energy (SMHE) to characterize the availability of ambient RF energy. Assuming that the transmitters are spatially distributed according to a d-dimensional homogeneous Poisson point process (HPPP), we derive the distributions of the ambient RF energy for networks, from the perspective of information receivers, with and without interference control (IC). The corresponding EEHP and SMHE are given in integral forms for the case with IC and inverse Laplace transform form for the case without IC, respectively. For a special case where the dimension to path loss ratio equals 0.5, closed-form exact/approximate expressions for EEHP and SMHE are derived. Analytical results are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. Numerical results with distinct network parameters indicate that the harvesting threshold always has a significant effect on the EEHP, while the impact on SMHE can be ignored as the transmitter density increases. The general unified framework considered in this paper expands the applicability of the derived results to arbitrary dimensional networks.
Erosion and Sediment Transport Modelling in Shallow Waters: A Review on Approaches, Models and Applications
Authors: Hajigholizadeh Mohammad , Melesse Assefa , Fuentes Hector
Published: March 2018

The erosion and sediment transport processes in shallow waters, which are discussed in this paper, begin when water droplets hit the soil surface. The transport mechanism caused by the consequent rainfall-runoff process determines the amount of generated sediment that can be transferred downslope. Many significant studies and models are performed to investigate these processes, which differ in terms of their effecting factors, approaches, inputs and outputs, model structure and the manner that these processes represent. This paper attempts to review the related literature concerning sediment transport modelling in shallow waters. A classification based on the representational processes of the soil erosion and sediment transport models (empirical, conceptual, physical and hybrid) is adopted, and the commonly-used models and their characteristics are listed. This review is expected to be of interest to researchers and soil and water conservation managers who are working on erosion and sediment transport phenomena in shallow waters. The paper format should be helpful for practitioners to identify and generally characterize the types of available models, their strengths and their basic scope of applicability.