bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological Approach for Identifying Websites with Infringing Content via Text Transformers and Dense Neural Networks
Authors: Hernandez-Suarez Aldo , Sanchez-Perez Gabriel , Toscano-Medina Linda Karina , Perez-Meana Hector Manuel , Portillo-Portillo Jose , Olivares-Mercado Jesus
Published: December 2023

The rapid evolution of the Internet of Everything (IoE) has significantly enhanced global connectivity and multimedia content sharing, simultaneously escalating the unauthorized distribution of multimedia content, posing risks to intellectual property rights. In 2022 alone, about 130 billion accesses to potentially non-compliant websites were recorded, underscoring the challenges for industries reliant on copyright-protected assets. Amidst prevailing uncertainties and the need for technical and AI-integrated solutions, this study introduces two pivotal contributions. First, it establishes a novel taxonomy aimed at safeguarding and identifying IoE-based content infringements. Second, it proposes an innovative architecture combining IoE components with automated sensors to compile a dataset reflective of potential copyright breaches. This dataset is analyzed using a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers-based advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithm, further fine-tuned by a dense neural network (DNN), achieving a remarkable 98.71% accuracy in pinpointing websites that violate copyright.
Evaluation Performance of Three Standardization Models to Estimate Catch-per-Unit-Effort: A Case Study on Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Shi Yongchuang , Han Haibin , Tang Fenghua , Zhang Shengmao , Fan Wei , Zhang Heng , Wu Zuli
Published: December 2023

Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) standardization in fisheries is a critical foundation for conducting stock assessment and fishery conservation. The Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) is one of the economically important fish species in the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NPO). Hence, the importance of choosing an appropriate CPUE standardization model cannot be overstated when it comes to achieving a precise relative abundance index for the efficient management of Pacific sardine fishery. This study’s main aim was to assess and compare the efficacy of three models, specifically the General Linear Model (GLM), the Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM), and the spatio-temporal GLMM (VAST), in the CPUE standardization for Pacific sardine fishery in the NPO, with the ultimate goal of identifying the most appropriate model. An influence analysis was applied to analyze the impact of individual variables on the disparity among standardized and nominal CPUE, and the main explanatory variables influencing standardized CPUE were identified. A coefficient–distribution–influence (CDI) plot was generated to analyze the impact of the different models on the annual standardized CPUE. Additionally, a simulation testing framework was developed to evaluate the estimated accuracy of the three models. The results indicated that the standardized CPUE and the nominal CPUE exhibited similar trends between 2014 and 2021 for the three models. Compared to the GLM and the GLMM, the VAST demonstrates larger conditional R2 and smaller conditional AIC, indicating a better performance in standardizing the CPUE for Pacific sardines due to its consideration of spatial and temporal variations. The interaction terms within the three models exert significant influences on the annual standardized CPUE, necessitating their inclusion in the model construction. CDI plots indicate that the spatio-temporal influence of the VAST model exhibits a smaller variation trend, suggesting that the VAST is more robust when standardizing the CPUE for Pacific sardines. Simulation testing additionally demonstrated that the VAST model displays smaller model root mean squared error (RMSE) and bias, establishing it as the superior performer for standardizing CPUE. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management of Pacific sardines in the NPO and can be extended to CPUE standardization for other small pelagic fish species worldwide.
Influence of Infill Level and Post-Processing on Physical Parameters and Betaine Content of Enriched 3D-Printed Sweet Snacks
Authors: Radoš Kristina , Pastor Kristian , Kojić Jovana , Drakula Saša , Dujmić Filip , Novotni Dubravka , Čukelj Mustač Nikolina
Published: December 2023

Betaine is a non-essential amino acid with proven functional properties and untapped potential for cereal food enrichment. While 3D printing represents a viable approach for manufacturing enriched cereal-based foods with novel shapes and textures, it is crucial to consider the impact of printing parameters and post-processing on the betaine content and properties of these products. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the infill level (20, 30 and 40%) of 3D-printed cuboid shapes and the post-processing techniques (drying oven, vacuum dryer, air fryer) of betaine-enriched oat-based snacks on the print quality, texture, and sensory properties, as well as the content of preserved betaine. The interaction of post-processing technique and infill level influenced the length deviation and texture properties, as well as the betaine content of snacks. Height stability was only influenced by post-processing technique. In general, oven-dried snacks showed the best dimensional stability, having the lowest width/length deformation (about 8%) at the infill level of 20%. Betaine was best preserved (19–31% loss) in snacks post-processed in a vacuum dryer (1281–1497 mg/g), followed by an air fryer and a drying oven, where betaine loss was in the range 28–55%. Air-fried snacks with 40% infill level had the highest values of instrumentally measured crunchiness (38.9 Nmm) as well as sensory test values for liking of texture (7.5), intensity of odor (6) and overall flavor (6). Overall, air frying proved to be a convenient and quick post-processing technique for 3D-printed snacks, but infill patterns for preserving betaine should be further explored. Vacuum drying could be used to preserve bioactive compounds, but efforts should be made to minimize its negative impact on the physical deformations of the 3D-printed products.
Legume Fingerprinting through Lipid Composition: Utilizing GC/MS with Multivariate Statistics
Authors: Ilić Marko , Pastor Kristian , Ilić Aleksandra , Vasić Mirjana , Nastić Nataša , Vujić Đura , Ačanski Marijana
Published: December 2023

This study presents a tentative analysis of the lipid composition of 47 legume samples, encompassing species such as Phaseolus spp., Vicia spp., Pisum spp., and Lathyrus spp. Lipid extraction and GC/MS (gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection) analysis were conducted, followed by multivariate statistical methods for data interpretation. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed two major clusters, distinguishing beans and snap beans (Phaseolus spp.) from faba beans (Vicia faba), peas (Pisum sativum), and grass peas (Lathyrus sativus). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) yielded 2D and 3D score plots, effectively discriminating legume species. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) achieved a 100% accurate classification of the training set and a 90% accuracy of the test set. The lipid-based fingerprinting elucidated compounds crucial for discrimination. Both PCA and LDA biplots highlighted squalene and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (C18:3) and 5,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid (C20:4) as influential in the clustering of beans and snap beans. Unique compounds, including 13-docosenoic acid (C22:1) and γ-tocopherol, O-methyl-, characterized grass pea samples. Faba bean samples were discriminated by FAMEs of heneicosanoic acid (C21:0) and oxiraneoctanoic acid, 3-octyl- (C18-ox). However, C18-ox was also found in pea samples, but in significantly lower amounts. This research demonstrates the efficacy of lipid analysis coupled with multivariate statistics for accurate differentiation and classification of legumes, according to their botanical origins.
Exploring the Bioactive Content of Liquid Waste and Byproducts Produced by Two-Phase Olive Mills in Laconia (Greece): Is There a Prospect for Added-Value Applications?
Authors: Pyrka Ioanna , Koutra Christina , Siderakis Vasileios , Stathopoulos Panagiotis , Skaltsounis Alexios-Leandros , Nenadis Nikolaos
Published: December 2023

The use of a two-phase decanter (TwPD) for olive-oil extraction produces wastes and byproducts (a small volume of water from oil washing, olive leaves from the defoliator, and a high moisture pomace which can be destoned) that contain valuable bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and/or triterpenic acids. So far, there is no (water) or limited information (leaves and the destoned pomace fraction) on their content of bioactives, especially triterpenic acids. To contribute to the characterization of such streams from cultivars of international interest, in the present study, samples obtained from five mills from the region of Laconia (from one or two harvests) in Greece, where Koroneiki cv dominates, were screened for phenols and/or triterpenic acids. The leaves and pomace were dried at two temperatures (70 °C and/or 140 °C), and the pomace was also destoned before analysis. The liquid wastes contained low amounts of total (TPC) phenols (<140 mg gallic acid/L), hydroxytyrosol (<44 mg/L), and tyrosol (<33 mg/L). The olive leaves varied widely in TPC (12.8–57.4 mg gallic acid/g dry leaf) and oleuropein (0.4–56.8 mg/g dry leaf) but contained an appreciable amount of triterpenic acids, mainly oleanolic acid (~12.5–31 mg/g dry leaf, respectively). A higher drying temperature (140 vs. 70 °C) affected rather positively the TPC/oleuropein content, whereas triterpenic acids were unaffected. The destoned pomace TPC was 15.5–22.0 mg gallic acid/g dw, hydroxytyrosol 3.9–5.6 mg/g dw, and maslinic 5.5–19.3 mg/g dw. Drying at 140 °C preserved better its bioactive phenols, whereas triterpenic acids were not influenced. The present findings indicate that TwPD streams may have a prospect as a source of bioactives for added-value applications. Material handling, including drying conditions, may be critical but only for phenols.
Screening and Characterization of an α-Amylase Inhibitor from Carya cathayensis Sarg. Peel
Authors: Zhang Xiaosan , Huang Guangrong , Liu Hua , Chen Wenwei , Zhao Jing , Jia Zhenbao , Tao Fei
Published: December 2023

Inhibiting α-amylase can lower postprandial blood glucose levels and delay glucose absorption, offering an effective approach for the development of antidiabetic diets. In this study, an active constituent with inhibitory activity against α-amylase was isolated and purified by bioassay-guided fractionation from Carya cathayensis Sarg. peel (CCSP). The active constituent was identified by NMR and Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry as 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid (5-CQA). 5-CQA possessed strong inhibitory activity against α-amylase, with an IC50 value of 69.39 µM. In addition, the results of the kinetic study indicated that 5-CQA was a potent, reversible, noncompetitive inhibitor against α-amylase. The findings indicate that 5-CQA derived from CCSP has potential as a novel inhibitor against α-amylase, which can help mitigate postprandial blood sugar spikes, making it suitable for inclusion in antidiabetic diets.
Exploring Italian Wine Companies: A Study of Supply Chain Dynamics, Quality, and Promotion Strategies through Semi-Structured Interviews
Authors: Pierli Giada , Musso Fabio , Murmura Federica , Bravi Laura
Published: December 2023

In Italy, the wine supply chain is a cornerstone of the national agri-food system and a driving force for the entire economy. The aim of this study is to map the profile of Italian wine companies through the analysis of multiple case studies. The study focuses specifically on companies in the Marche region, investigating their features and supply chain, with a specific focus on product and system certification adopted, marketing policies implemented, and the businesses’ relationship with institutions. A total of 18 companies participated in the study. The primary data for the research was collected through semi-structured interviews lasting 1 h, based on an interview protocol. The results show that the supply chain for the wine sector is configured to be short, even when cooperatives act as an aggregator. The small size and limited financial resources make it particularly difficult to promote the wine outside its reference context, and there is a lack of a network strategy at the local level. Many companies consider organic certification a disadvantage since it tends to homologate production to the large wine industries, making the product’s naturalness, typicality, and craftsmanship disappear.
Isothermal Amplification and CRISPR/Cas12a-System-Based Assay for Rapid, Sensitive and Visual Detection of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Xu Danhong , Zeng Haijuan , Wu Wenhui , Liu Hua , Wang Jinbin
Published: December 2023

Staphylococcus aureus exists widely in the natural environment and is one of the main food-borne pathogenic microorganisms causing human bacteremia. For safe food management, a rapid, high-specificity, sensitive method for the detection of S. aureus should be developed. In this study, a platform for detecting S. aureus (nuc gene) based on isothermal amplification (loop-mediated isothermal amplification—LAMP, recombinase polymerase amplification—RPA) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas12a) proteins system (LAMP, RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a) was proposed. In this study, the LAMP, RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a detection platform and immunochromatographic test strip (ICS) were combined to achieve a low-cost, simple and visualized detection of S. aureus. The limit of visual detection was 57.8 fg/µL of nuc DNA and 6.7 × 102 CFU/mL of bacteria. Moreover, the platform could be combined with fluorescence detection, namely LAMP, RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-flu, to establish a rapid and highly sensitive method for the detection of S. aureus. The limit of fluorescence detection was 5.78 fg/µL of genomic DNA and 67 CFU/mL of S. aureus. In addition, this detection platform can detect S. aureus in dairy products, and the detection time was ~40 min. Consequently, the isothermal amplification CRISPR/Cas12a platform is a useful tool for the rapid and sensitive detection of S. aureus in food.
Activation of Immune and Antiviral Effects by Euglena Extracts: A Review
Authors: Isegawa Yuji
Published: December 2023

Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza virus infection, which is managed using vaccines and antiviral drugs. Recently, the antiviral effects of plants and foods have gained attention. Euglena is a motile unicellular alga and eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganism. It has secondary chloroplasts and is a mixotroph able to feed by photosynthesis or phagocytosis. This review summarizes the influenza treatment effects of Euglena from the perspective of a functional food that is attracting attention. While it has been reported that Euglena contributes to suppressing blood sugar levels and ameliorates symptoms caused by stress by acting on the autonomic nervous system, the immunostimulatory and antiviral activities of Euglena have also been reported. In this review, I focused on the immunostimulation of antiviral activity via the intestinal environment and the suppression of viral replication in infected cells. The functions of specific components of Euglena, which also serves as the source of a wide range of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and β-1,3-glucan (paramylon), are also reviewed. Euglena has animal and plant properties and natural compounds with a wide range of functions, providing crucial information for improved antiviral strategies.
Physicochemical Index Analyses of the Egg White in Blue-Shelled Eggs and Commercial Brown-Shelled Eggs during Storage
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Ge Ying , Wei Yinghui , Li Qinghai , Zhang Xuedong , Fan Jinghui
Published: December 2023

To compare the physical and chemical changes in egg whites during storage, assisting in the evaluation of differences in egg freshness between various chicken breeds, we chose 240 blue-shelled eggs (Blue group) and 240 commercial brown-shelled eggs (Brown group) that 28-week-old hens had laid. In this study, all eggs were stored at 25 °C. The egg weight, egg components’ weight and proportion, Haugh Unit value and the contents of S-ovalbumin, ovomucin and lysozyme in the thick albumen (KA) and thin albumen (NA) were measured at eight time points every 3 days until the 21st day of storage. The eggshell, yolk and KA proportions in the Brown group were significantly lower, whereas the NA proportion was significantly higher than that in the Blue group (p < 0.001). The Haugh Unit value and S-ovalbumin in the Brown group were significantly higher, whereas KA ovomucin and NA lysozyme were significantly lower than those in the Blue group (p < 0.001). There existed significant negative correlations between the KA and NA, irrespective of weight or proportion. The Haugh Unit value was significantly positively correlated with lysozyme and ovomucin, but significantly negatively correlated with S-ovalbumin. During storage, the KA weight (proportion), Haugh Unit value, lysozyme and ovomucin decreased, whereas the NA weight (proportion) and S-ovalbumin increased. At each time point, the NA lysozyme in the Brown group was lower than that in the Blue group (p < 0.05). After storage for 6 days, the KA ovomucin in the Brown group began to be lower than that in the Blue group (p < 0.05). The study showed that the weight (proportion) differences in egg components between blue-shelled eggs and commercial brown-shelled eggs are mainly due to the NA. The Haugh Unit value and albumin protein indexes of blue-shelled eggs were better than those of brown-shelled eggs, and showed mild changes during storage, indicating the better storage performance of blue-shelled eggs.
Agronomic and Genetic Strategies to Enhance Selenium Accumulation in Crops and Their Influence on Quality
Authors: Zhou Bingqi , Cao Haorui , Wu Qingqing , Mao Kang , Yang Xuefeng , Su Junxia , Zhang Hua
Published: December 2023

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of humans, animals, and certain plants. It is extensively present throughout the Earth’s crust and is absorbed by crops in the form of selenates and selenite, eventually entering the food chain. Se biofortification is an agricultural process that employs agronomic and genetic strategies. Its goal is to enhance the mechanisms of crop uptake and the accumulation of exogenous Se, resulting in the production of crops enriched with Se. This process ultimately contributes to promoting human health. Agronomic strategies in Se biofortification aim to enhance the availability of exogenous Se in crops. Concurrently, genetic strategies focus on improving a crop’s capacity to uptake, transport, and accumulate Se. Early research primarily concentrated on optimizing Se biofortification methods, improving Se fertilizer efficiency, and enhancing Se content in crops. In recent years, there has been a growing realization that Se can effectively enhance crop growth and increase crop yield, thereby contributing to alleviating food shortages. Additionally, Se has been found to promote the accumulation of macro-nutrients, antioxidants, and beneficial mineral elements in crops. The supplementation of Se biofortified foods is gradually emerging as an effective approach for promoting human dietary health and alleviating hidden hunger. Therefore, in this paper, we provide a comprehensive summary of the Se biofortification conducted over the past decade, mainly focusing on Se accumulation in crops and its impact on crop quality. We discuss various Se biofortification strategies, with an emphasis on the impact of Se fertilizer strategies on crop Se accumulation and their underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight Se’s role in enhancing crop quality and offer perspective on Se biofortification in crop improvement, guiding future mechanistic explorations and applications of Se biofortification.
Sensory Determination of Peach and Nectarine Germplasms with Instrumental Analysis
Authors: Sun Meng , Ma Julin , Cai Zhixiang , Yan Juan , Ma Ruijuan , Yu Mingliang , Xie Yinfeng , Shen Zhijun
Published: December 2023

The flavour and mouthfeel of peaches are crucial qualities of peach germplasm resources that significantly influence consumer preferences. In this study, we utilized 212 peach germplasm resources from the Nanjing Peach Resource Repository, National Fruit Germplasm facility, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences as materials for sensory analysis, electronic nose analysis, and composition analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the sensory analysis, we divided 212 peach germplasms into three clusters based on hierarchical cluster analysis (d = 5). No.27, No.151, and No.46 emerged as the most representative of these clusters. The electronic nose was used to conduct an evaluation of the aroma profiles of the 212 peach germplasms, revealing that the primary distinguishing factors of peach aroma can be attributed to three sensors: W1S (methane), W1W (terpenes and organosulfur compounds), and W5S (hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds). The primary differences in the aromatic substances were characterized by sensors W2W (aromatic compounds, sulphur, and chlorine compounds) and W1C (aromatic benzene). The HPLC analysis indicated that the persistence of peach sensory characteristics was positively correlated with acids and sourness and negatively correlated with sweetness and the ratio of sugar to acids. The overall impression of the 212 peach germplasms revealed a negative correlation with acids, while a positive correlation was observed between the overall impression and the ratio of sugar to acids. Therefore, this study substantially contributes to the preliminary screening of the analysed specific characteristics of peach germplasms such as No.27, No.46, No.151, and No.211. These selections may provide valuable information for the potential creation of superior germplasm resources.
Metabolomics Study of the Effect of Transcription Factor NOR-like1 on Flavonoids in Tomato at Different Stages of Maturity Using UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Guan Di , Zhao Ying , Zhao Xiaodan , Fu Daqi
Published: December 2023

Tomato fruits are rich in flavonoids. This study explores the effect of transcription factor SlNOR-like1 on the accumulation of flavonoids in tomato fruits at different ripening stages. We used ultra-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to analyze wild-type (WT) and NOR-like1 CRISPR/Cas9-edited (NOR-like1) tomato fruits. A total of 50 flavonoid metabolites were accurately identified and determined in tomatoes. The flavonoid metabolic differences were observed among the different tomato sample groups using PCA and OPLS-DA analysis. There were 16 differential flavonoids (13 upregulated and 3 downregulated) identified between WT-GR (WT tomato at the green-ripening stage) and NOR-like1-GR (NOR-like1 tomato at the green-ripening stage), 9 differential flavonoids (six upregulated and three downregulated) identified between WT-BR3 (WT tomato at the color-breaking stage) and NOR-like1-BR3 (NOR-like1 tomato at the color-breaking stage), and 12 differential flavonoids (11 upregulated and 1 downregulated) identified between WT-BR9 (WT tomato at the red-ripening stage) and NOR-like1-BR9 (NOR-like1 tomato at the red-ripening stage). Rutin, nicotiflorin, naringenin chalcone, eriodictyol, and naringenin-7-glucoside were the five flavonoids with the highest content in the ripening stages (BR3 and BR9) in both WT and NOR-like1 tomato fruits. The overall flavonoid contents in WT tomato fruits changed little from GR to BR3 and decreased from BR3 to BR9; meanwhile, in the NOR-like1 tomato fruits, the total amounts of the flavonoids exhibited an increasing trend during all three ripening stages. The accumulation pattern of flavonoid metabolites in NOR-like1 tomato fruits differed from that in WT tomato fruits, especially in the later ripening process of BR9. The transcription factor SlNOR-like1 has an impact on the accumulation of flavonoids in tomato fruits. The results provide a preliminary basis for subsequent research into its regulatory mechanism and will be helpful for attaining future improvements in the nutritional quality and postharvest treatment of tomato fruits.
The Early Diagnosis of Rolling Bearings’ Faults Using Fractional Fourier Transform Information Fusion and a Lightweight Neural Network
Authors: Xie Fengyun , Li Gang , Song Chengjie , Song Minghua
Published: December 2023

In response to challenges associated with feature extraction and diagnostic models’ complexity in the early diagnosis of bearings’ faults, this paper presents an innovative approach for the early fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. This method combined concepts from frequency domain signal analysis with lightweight neural networks. To begin, vibration signals from rolling bearings were collected using vibration sensors, and the mean square value was utilized as an indicator for accurate early fault signal extraction. Subsequently, employing the fractional Fourier transform, the time domain signal was converted into a frequency domain signal, which provided more detailed frequency feature information. The fusion process combined amplitude frequency and phase frequency information, and was visualized as a Gram angle field map. The lightweight neural network Xception was selected as the primary fault diagnosis tool. Xception, a convolutional neural network (CNN) variant, was chosen for its lightweight design, which maintains excellent performance while significantly reducing model parameters. The experimental results demonstrated that the Xception model excelled in rolling bearing fault diagnosis, particularly when utilizing fused information datasets. This outcome underscores the advantages of combining information fusion and the Xception model to enhance the accuracy of early rolling bearing fault diagnosis, and offers a viable solution for health monitoring and fault diagnosis in industrial settings.
Symmetry of Ancient Solution for Fractional Parabolic Equation Involving Logarithmic Laplacian
Authors: Zhang Wei , He Yong , Yang Zerong
Published: December 2023

In this research, we focus on the symmetry of an ancient solution for a fractional parabolic equation involving logarithmic Laplacian in an entire space. In the process of studying the property of a fractional parabolic equation, we obtained some maximum principles, such as the maximum principle of anti-symmetric function, narrow region principle, and so on. We will demonstrate how to apply these tools to obtain radial symmetry of an ancient solution.
On Constructing a Family of Sixth-Order Methods for Multiple Roots
Authors: Geum Young Hee
Published: December 2023

A family of three-point, sixth-order, multiple-zero solvers is developed, and special cases of weight functions are investigated based on polynomials and low-order rational functions. The chosen cases of the proposed iterative method are compared with existing methods. The experiments show the superiority of the proposed schemes in terms of the number of divergent points and the average number of function evaluations per point. The dynamical characteristics of the developed methods, along with their illustrations, are represented with detailed analyses, comparisons, and comments.
Physico-Chemical, Textural and Sensory Evaluation of Emulsion Gel Formulated with By-Products from the Vegetable Oil Industry
Authors: Leahu Ana , Ropciuc Sorina , Ghinea Cristina , Damian Cristina
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to obtain low fat mayonnaise-like emulsion gels using sesame cake and walnut cake by-products resulting from vegetable oil extraction. The ingredients used to formulate the mayonnaise like emulsion gel samples were corn starch, sesame seed cake (SSC), walnuts seed cake (WSC), lemon juice, sunflower oil, mustard, sugar, salt, gelatin and water. Five different samples were prepared: one control lab sample (M) containing only corn starch and the other ingredients (without SSC and WSC), two samples (SO1 and SO2) with 2 and 4% of SSC (without corn starch and WSC) and two samples (WO1 and WO2) with 2 and 4% of WSC (without corn starch and SSC). Also, an egg-free commercial mayonnaise (CM) was purchased and used for comparison. Physicochemical (fat, protein, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, water activity, emulsion stability, viscosity, density and color), textural (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness), and sensory (aspect, color, texture/firmness, flavor, taste and acceptability) attributes of all samples were investigated. The results showed that carbohydrate content decreased in all four seed cakes samples compared to the control sample, while protein and fat content increased in all seed cakes samples, with the largest increases observed in the sesame seed cake samples. It was observed that the CM sample has a carbohydrate content value close to that obtained for the M sample, while the protein content has the lowest value for the CM sample compared to all samples analyzed. The stability of the emulsion gels increased from 70.73% (control sample) to 83.64% for the sample with 2% addition sesame seed cake and to 84.09% for the 2% walnut cake added, due to the coagulation capacity of the added cakes. The type and concentration of oil seeds cake added in emulsion gels affected their textural properties such as hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. The hardness and adhesiveness of low-fat mayonnaise-like emulsion gels samples decreased with the addition of oil seeds cake. However, the addition of by-products improved the sensory properties of emulsion gels. This study provided a theoretical basis for the food industry’s application of oilseed cakes, especially for the development of low-fat mayonnaise.
Reconstructing Philosophical Genealogy from the Ground Up: What Truly Is Philosophical Genealogy and What Purpose Does It Serve?
Authors: Lightbody Brian
Published: December 2023

What is philosophical genealogy? What is its purpose? How does genealogy achieve this purpose? These are the three essential questions to ask when thinking about philosophical genealogy. Although there has been an upswell of articles in the secondary literature exploring these questions in the last decade or two, the answers provided are unsatisfactory. Why do replies to these questions leave scholars wanting? Why is the question, “What is philosophical genealogy?” still being asked? There are two broad reasons, I think. First, on the substantive side, the problem is that genealogical models will get certain features of the method right but ignore others. The models proffered to answer the first question are too restrictive. The second reason is that the three essential questions to ask regarding the nature of genealogy are run together when they should be treated separately. In the following paper, I address these problems by attempting to reconstruct genealogy from the ground up. I provide what I hope is an ecumenical position on genealogy that will accommodate a wide variety of genealogical thinkers, from Hobbes to Nietzsche, rather than a select few. Therefore, I examine two of the three questions above: What is philosophical genealogy and its purpose? I argue there are seven main features of genealogy and that these features may be used as a yardstick to compare how one genealogist stacks up to another along the seven aspects I outline in the paper.
Comparative Study of Deterioration in Built Heritage in a Coastal Area: Barbanza Peninsula (Galicia, NW Spain)
Authors: Hernández Ana C , Sanjurjo-Sánchez Jorge , Alves Carlos , Figueiredo Carlos A. M.
Published: December 2023

The Barbanza Peninsula (Galicia, NW Spain) is located on the west coast of Galicia. It is a narrow tongue of terrain with an area of 416 km2 and a high altitudinal gradient, with the top having a maximum height of more than 600 m at a distance of less than 5 Km from the sea. As a result of this, there is a significant rainfall gradient (from 900 to more than 3300 mm per year). In the peninsula, there are valuable historical buildings built with granite rock that show variable decay patterns. In this work, we have considered 14 of them, located in several parts of the peninsula, and we have studied their deterioration patterns. Some of them are close to the sea, with sea salt being a possible cause of decay, while for those located far from the sea, the high humidity and rainfall can be the most important cause of decay. A macroscopic study was carried out to determine the deterioration patterns. We have also analyzed the possible role of salts in the decay by using X-ray fluorescence as a screening technique to assess the presence of salts and the possible correlation of salts with the distance to the sea and using scanning electron microscopy to directly identify salts in some of the buildings. The most frequently reported decay is due to lichen growth (biological colonization). Depending on the proximity to the coast, the study area was divided into two zones: zone 1, closer to the sea (<1 km), with an important influence of sea salts and wind, and zone 2, further from the sea, with higher altitudes (center of the peninsula) and important rainfall, humidity, and therefore, biological colonization of stone surfaces. Crusts (to a lesser degree, because it is a mainly rural area) are more frequent in zone 1, but the state of conservation of stone in zone 1 is better than that in zone 2, possibly due to the concentration of urban centers in this zone and more interventions for cleaning stone surfaces. Finally, although we did not observe clear patterns in the appearance of salts in the buildings in agreement with the distance to the sea, we observed different patterns of salts in two of the buildings, one in each zone, which clearly show that, to some extent, salts are involved in decay.
Yoga Pose Estimation Using Angle-Based Feature Extraction
Authors: Borthakur Debanjan , Paul Arindam , Kapil Dev , Saikia Manob Jyoti
Published: December 2023

Objective: This research addresses the challenges of maintaining proper yoga postures, an issue that has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent shift to virtual platforms for yoga instruction. This research aims to develop a mechanism for detecting correct yoga poses and providing real-time feedback through the application of computer vision and machine learning (ML) techniques. Methods and Procedures: This study utilized computer vision-based pose estimation methods to extract features and calculate yoga pose angles. A variety of models, including extremely randomized trees, logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting, extreme gradient boosting, and deep neural networks, were trained and tested to classify yoga poses. Our study employed the Yoga-82 dataset, consisting of many yoga pose images downloaded from the web. Results: The results of this study show that the extremely randomized trees model outperformed the other models, achieving the highest prediction accuracy of 91% on the test dataset and 92% in a fivefold cross-validation experiment. Other models like random forest, gradient boosting, extreme gradient boosting, and deep neural networks achieved accuracies of 90%, 89%, 90%, and 85%, respectively, while logistic regression underperformed, having the lowest accuracy. Conclusion: This research concludes that the extremely randomized trees model presents superior predictive power for yoga pose recognition. This suggests a valuable avenue for future exploration in this domain. Moreover, the approach has significant potential for implementation on low-powered smartphones with minimal latency, thereby enabling real-time feedback for users practicing yoga at home.
Trends in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Knowledge and Stigma among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Republic of Korea from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Sohn Aeree
Published: December 2023

To evaluate the trends in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related knowledge and stigma among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Republic of Korea between 2012 and 2022, five cross-sectional surveys were conducted. Though general knowledge of HIV infections is high, some misconceptions persist. The initial set of five questions in the survey maintained consistent levels of understanding throughout the five recurring surveys. Notably, the study found a consistent decrease in personal stigma toward people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) within the MSM community in Korea. The increasing willingness of individuals to engage in social interaction with HIV-positive individuals, ranging from dining to cohabitation, indicated a positive change in societal attitudes. It is crucial to implement active policies such as counseling, testing, education, promotion, and the creation of preventive programs to improve knowledge about HIV and reduce stigma.
Patients’ Expectations and Satisfaction with the Patient–Doctor Relationship in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Rymaszewska Julia Ewa , Karczewski Maciej , Krajewski Piotr K. , Matusiak Łukasz , Maj Joanna , Szepietowski Jacek C.
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with a vast psychosocial burden. We analyzed the actual and ideal patient–doctor relationship and patients’ satisfaction with the patient–doctor relationship in relation to their satisfaction with life (SWL), HS-related quality of life, and psychopathological symptoms. Methods: 105 HS patients (53% females; mean age 37.64 ± 14.01 years) were enrolled. Severity of the disease was measured using Hurley staging and the International HS Score System (IHS4). Instruments utilized: Patient Expectation Test; Satisfaction with Life Scale; HS Quality of Life; Patient Health Questionnaire-9; Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; General Health Questionnaire. Results: Patients with Hurley I and mild IHS4 had the lowest satisfaction with the patient–doctor relationship. There were significant correlations between the actual patient–doctor relationship and the patients’ SWL (r = 0.30; p = 0.002), depressive (r = −0.36; p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.37; p < 0.01) and psychopathological symptoms (r = −0.47; p < 0.0001) and between the satisfaction with the patient–doctor relationship and their SWL (r = −0.32; p = 0.00098). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant influence of the following factors: Hurley II + III, psychopathological symptoms, and severe anxiety about the actual patient–doctor relationship and the satisfaction with the patient–doctor relationship. Conclusions: Assessment of relations between patients and doctors is related to the patients’ mental health and SWL. The usage of the Patient Expectation Test in clinical practice can improve the patient–doctor relationship and the general quality of care for and compliance by HS patients.
The Influence of Social Support in PROMs of Patients with COPD in Primary Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Aravantinou-Karlatou Antonia , Bouloukaki Izolde , Christodoulakis Antonios , Tsiligianni Ioanna
Published: December 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent and multidimensional disease with symptoms that greatly influence patients’ health. Healthcare professionals utilize patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to classify and better manage the disease. Despite the value of PROMs, they inadequately represent some important dimensions of COPD, like social support and healthcare access/utilization. This is important, especially for social support, since it can positively influence PROMs results and the overall health of patients with COPD. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted to determine how social support affects PROMs of patients with COPD in primary care. The PRISMA–Scoping approach was adopted, and we sought articles published in MEDLINE and COHRANE. We screened 2038 articles for inclusion and finally included a total of 10 articles. Most of the articles were conducted in the U.S. and Norway. Social support had a strong positive impact on PROMs. Additionally, different types of social support were observed. Moreover, higher levels of social support were linked to better quality of life, mental health, self-care behaviors, self-management, functionality, and less severe COPD. Consequently, this scoping review highlights the value of social support in patients with COPD and its underrepresentation and misrepresentation in PROMs literature.
Box-Behnken Design for Optimizing Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Pleurotus citrinopilestus
Authors: Yu Panling , Yu Changxia , Chen Mingjie , Dong Qin , Hu Die , Zhang Baosheng , Zhang Mengke , Ma Jianshuai , Xu Baoting , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2023

Pleurotus citrinopilestus contains a variety of physiologically and pharmacologically active compounds. A key active component among these compounds is dietary fiber, a polysaccharide that exhibits several biological properties. The objective of this study was to assess how soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from Pleurotus citrinopilestus responded to ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic (UAE) extraction. The response surface method (RSM) combined with the Box-Behnken design method (BBD) was used to optimize the yield of SDF. The effects of the liquid-solid ratio (35–55 mL/g), α-amylase concentration (0.5–2.5%), complex protease concentration (0.4–2.0%), and ultrasonication time (15–55 min) on the yield of SDF were examined. The RSM results revealed the optimal liquid-solid ratio (45 mL/g), α-amylase concentration (1.5%), complex protease concentration (1.2%), and ultrasonic time (35 min). The SDF yield was 10.25%, which is close to the predicted value (10.08%).
Foliar Fertilization with Molybdate and Nitrate Up-Regulated Activity of Nitrate Reductase in Lemon Balm Leaves
Authors: Aitlessov Kurmet , Zhumabekova Bibigul , Sagyndykov Utemurat , Tuyakbayeva Akmaral , Bitkeyeva Aliya , Bazarbaeva Karlygash Zh. , Mukhtarov Abilkhas , Nurbekova Zhadyrassyn , Satkanov Mereke , Kulatayeva Maral , Aubakirova Karlygash M. , Nurysheva Ardak , Alikulov Zerekbay
Published: December 2023

The foliar feeding of soil-grown plants with essential elements such as molybdate can restore their Nitrate reductase activity. However, the activity of nitrate reductase under the foliar feeding of plants with molybdate and nitrate in hydroponic conditions has not been investigated. Thus, we wanted to investigate the effect of the foliar feeding of molybdate and nitrate on the nitrate reductase activity in the leaves of lemon balm plants under hydroponic conditions. Nitrate and molybdate solutions were applied by spraying the leaves of lemon balm plants and the nitrate reductase activity was determined by the colorimetric method. The results of our study demonstrated that the application of molybdate and KNO3 solution enhanced the nitrate reductase activity in the leaves of lemon balm plants. Importantly, our results indicate that foliar fertilization with nitrate and molybdate can improve nitrogen metabolism and carbon fixation in the leaves of lemon balm plants under hydroponic conditions.
Phenotype “Explosion” in Hercinothrips femoralis (O. M. Reuter 1891) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A Particular Phenomenon for Successful Introduction of Economic Species
Authors: Masarovič Rudolf , Zvaríková Martina , Marcišová Michaela , Provaznik Zuzana Ježová , Prokop Pavol , Fedor Peter
Published: December 2023

Intraspecific trait variability, produced by genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity within species, allows the optimization of individual’s fitness in different conditions, ultimately enhancing survival and reproduction. We investigated variability in morphological traits of invasive thrips species Hercinothrips femoralis (O. M. Reuter, 1891) during simulated introduction and establishment in a novel environment. Six generations of this species were reared in laboratory for eight months. The initial phase of introduction was simulated by the transfer of thrips generations to environments with different environmental conditions varying in temperature and humidity. The statistical evaluation of seven measured morphological attributes (e.g., body length, wing length) was performed to analyse the morphological variability. Species phenotypic “explosion” in several morphological characters (especially total body length) was observed during the initial phase of introduction in generations brought from the primary site into novel environments with different conditions. Probable phenotypic specialization was observed during the generations following introduction under the same ecological conditions. Furthermore, the most variable morphological features were specified. This study goes beyond the taxonomic level, because its results and main idea can be applied to any invasive species.
Primary Determination of the Composition of Secondary Metabolites in the Wild and Introduced Artemisia martjanovii Krasch: Samples from Yakutia
Authors: Okhlopkova Zhanna , Ercisli Sezai , Razgonova Mayya , Ivanova Natalia , Antonova Elena , Egorov Yury , Kucharova Elena , Golokhvast Kirill
Published: December 2023

Artemisia martjanovii Krasch is a rare representative of the genus Artemisia in Siberia and the Far East. The phytochemical composition of this endangered species is essential for its potential use in medicine. We used tandem mass spectrometry and HPLC-MS/MS methods to describe the metabolome from the stem and leaf extracts of A. martjanovii from Yakutia. The metabolome profile analysis of A. martjanovii grown in the Botanical Garden of the North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia, and the wild A. martjanovii from Khangalassky district, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) differed significantly both in the polyphenol composition and other compound classes. In total, we identified 104 bioactive constituents from stem and leaf extracts, 56 compounds from the polyphenol group, and 48 from other compound classes. Twenty-seven compounds classified as polyphenol groups, i.e., flavones apigenin, trihydroxy(iso)flavone, salvigenin, cirsiliol, cirsilineol, nevadensin, syringetin, gardenin B, thymonin, and chrysoeriol C-hexoside; flavonols: taxifolin, tetrahydroxy-dimethoxyflavone-hexoside, etc.; and 26 compounds from other classes are being reported for the first time in the genus Artemisia L.
Visualizing and Inferring Chromosome Segregation in the Pedigree of an Improved Banana Cultivar (Gold Finger) with Genome Ancestry Mosaic Painting
Authors: Cenci Alberto , Martin Guillaume , Breton Catherine , D’Hont Angélique , Yahiaoui Nabila , Sardos Julie , Rouard Mathieu
Published: December 2023

Banana breeding faces numerous challenges, such as sterility and low seed viability. Enhancing our understanding of banana genetics, notably through next-generation sequencing, can help mitigate these challenges. The genotyping datasets currently available from genebanks were used to decipher cultivated bananas’ genetic makeup of natural cultivars using genome ancestry mosaic painting. This article presents the application of this method to breeding materials by analyzing the chromosome segregation at the origin of ‘Gold Finger’ (FHIA-01), a successful improved tetraploid variety that was developed in the 1980s. First, the method enabled us to clarify the variety’s intricate genetic composition from ancestral wild species. Second, it enabled us to infer the parental gametes responsible for the formation of this hybrid. It thus revealed 16 recombinations in the haploid male gamete and 10 in the unreduced triploid female gamete. Finally, we could deduce the meiotic mechanism lying behind the transmission of unreduced gametes (i.e., FDR). While we show that the method is a powerful tool for the visualization and inference of gametic contribution in hybrids, we also discuss its advantages and limitations to advance our comprehension of banana genetics in a breeding context.