bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indulto, amnistía y perdón en México
Authors: Torres Ortega Ilsse Carolina
Published: November 2024

Se explora la adecuación del indulto y de la amnistía al modelo de Estado de Derecho, con énfasis en el caso mexicano, sosteniendo que para ello es ineludible el deber de justificación de la corrección de la decisión, así como su integración a un proceso de perdón más amplio que involucre a las partes que conforman el conflicto de que se trate. Para llevar a cabo lo anterior, en primer lugar, se realiza un bosquejo de las características generales del indulto y de la amnistía para reflexionar sobre sus particularidades jurídicas en México. En segundo lugar, se subrayan las implicaciones de renunciar al ius puniendi en estos casos, para identificar algunos de los rasgos que hacen a estas instituciones tan controversiales. En tercer lugar, se aborda la cuestión del perdón, enfatizando por qué el mero acto de indultar o el acto de emitir una ley de amnistía no pueden ser, por sí solos, identificados con el perdón. Finalmente, se realiza un balance crítico sobre el uso de ambas instituciones en México, denunciando, especialmente, el debilitamiento de la garantía de justificación.
Building Sustainable Minds: The Role of ESD Integration in Ninth-Grade on Environmental Issues
Authors: Sihombing Rizky Agassy , Muslim Muslim , Rahman Taufik , Anwar Sjaeful
Published: November 2024

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is an integral part of achieving the three pillars of human development: social development, economic growth, and environmental preservation. ESD is a global initiative that encompasses broader issues than those addressed solely by the Indonesian Government a collective responsibility to foster ESD as a fundamental value for current and future generations. This study employed a descriptive research method, using a sustainability awareness questionnaire adapted from Hassan et al. The study aimed to comprehensively assess sustainability awareness among 53 ninth-grade students at SMPN 17 Medan. The primary objective was to outline and categorize the profile of sustainability awareness, focusing on emotional, behavioral, and practical dimensions, while also examining gender differences. Data were systematically analyzed using a Likert scale and validated instruments, aligned with sustainability awareness indicators. The results indicated a high level of sustainability awareness, with emotional awarenessat 89.6%, followed by behavioral and attitude awareness at 82.1%. However, practical awareness was at 66.4%, indicating a potential area for improvement. Female students demonstrated higher awareness (85.7%) compared to male students (73.0%). These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions to enhance practical sustainability awareness and ensure equitable participation among all students.
Lactobacillus spp. Tarafından Üretilen Postbiyotiklerin Gıdalarda Biyokoruyucu Olarak Kullanımı: Probiyotiklerden Postbiyotiklere Geçiş
Authors: Kaya Yasemin , Şengül Mustafa , Dertli Enes
Published: November 2024

Gıda uygulamalarında kullanılan birincil ve ikincil kültürlere uygun şartlar sağlanmadığında üründe istenmeyen durumlar meydana gelmektedir. Postbiyotikler, son zamanlarda bu duruma alternatif olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Postbiyotikler, fermantasyon sırasında canlı mikroorganizmalar tarafından üretilen ve sağlık üzerinde olumlu etkiler oluşturan biyoaktif maddelerdir. Bu maddeler arasında biyoaktif peptitler, teikoik asitler, B grubu vitaminleri ve organik asitler bulunur. Kompleks yapılı bu bileşenler, gıda ve sağlık alanlarında önemli faydalar sağlayabilirler. Yapılan çalışma ile, güvenli olduğu doğrulanmış Lactobacillus spp. postbiyotiklerinin mevcut güncel çalışmaları değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca antimikrobiyal aktiviteden sorumlu belirli metabolitler incelenmiştir. Gıdalarda biyofilm oluşumunun önlenmesi, antibakteriyel ve antifungal aktiviteleri sağlayan biyoaktif bileşenler değerlendirilmiştir. Son olarak, bu postbiyotiklerin endüstriyel dezenfektan yerine biyolojik olarak parçalanabilen alternatif santizer olarak kullanımı detaylı bir şeklide incelenmiştir. Derlemede, Lactobacillus spp. postbiyotiklerinin süt ürünleri, et ürünleri, meyve, sebze ve diğer bazı gıdalarda kullanımına bağlı olarak gıda kalitesi ve güvenliği üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmekte ve antagonistik aktiviteden sorumlu metabolitler tartışılmaktadır.
Şehir İçi Ulaşımda Sürdürülebilir Mikromobilite: Müşteri Tercihlerine Dayalı Bir İnceleme
Authors: Kaya Ömer
Published: November 2024

Mikromobilite araçları, günümüzde şehir içi ulaşımın önemli bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Bu araçların müşteri gözünden satın alınabilirliğini değerlendirmek, kullanıcıların tercihlerini belirlemek ve pazar dinamiklerini anlamak için önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, bisiklet (A1), e-bisiklet (A2), mopet (A3), e-skuter (A4) ve e-kaykay (A5) gibi mikromobilite araçlarının satın alınabilirliği üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, 16 farklı kriter belirlenmiş ve analiz için çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bu kriterler arasında ortalama hız, zorunlu ehliyet gereksinimi, sürüş imkanları, konfor seviyesi, güvenlik, park imkanı, toplu taşımaya uygunluk gibi faktörler bulunmaktadır. Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) yöntemi ile kriterlerin ağırlıkları belirlenmiş, en yüksek ağırlık ortalama hız, en düşük ağırlık ise bakım maliyeti olarak bulunmuştur. Çok Kriterli Optimizasyon ve Uzlaşık Çözüm (VIKOR) ve Karmaşık Oransal Değerlendirme (COPRAS) yöntemleri kullanılarak mikromobilite araçlarının performansları sıralanmıştır. Şehir içi ulaşımda e-bisiklet ve mopetin daha üstün olduğu, e-skuterlerin ise önemli bir paya sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Mikromobilite araçlarının müşteri tercihleri doğrultusunda değerlendirilmesi, şehir planlamacıları ve politika yapıcılar için önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, mikromobilite çözümlerinin altyapı ve düzenlemelerinin geliştirilmesine rehberlik edebilir ve şehir içi ulaşımın sürdürülebilirliğini artırabilir. Elde edilen bulgular, kullanıcıların tercihlerini belirlemede ve pazarlama stratejilerini geliştirmede önemli bir kılavuz sunmaktadır. Bisiklet ve e-bisiklet gibi araçlar, kullanıcılar arasında yüksek talep görebilirken, moped ve e-skuter gibi araçlar da farklı kullanım senaryolarına uygunlukları nedeniyle dikkate değerdir.
Elektrik Piyasasında Kurumsal Yapı, Reformlar ve Yenilenebilir Enerji: Analiz ve Gelecek Perspektifleri
Authors: Demirel İbrahim Halil , Tiğrek Şahnaz
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmada, 2001 yılından itibaren Türkiye’nin elektrik piyasasının kurumsal yapısı ve bu yapıdaki reformlar detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmanın hedefi, liberalleşen piyasa yapısının yenilenebilir enerjiye olan etkilerini ve bu alandaki düzenlemeleri analiz ederek enerji üretimi ve tüketiminin piyasa fiyatlarına nasıl yansıdığını ortaya koymaktır. Literatüre katkı sağlamak amacıyla, elektrik piyasasındaki fiyatlandırma mekanizmaları, piyasa dinamikleri ve yenilenebilir enerjiye yönelik desteklerin etkileri kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, piyasa fiyatlarının istihdam oluşturma, dışa bağımlılığın azaltılması, teknoloji ve ürün ihracatı perspektifleri doğrultusunda belirlenmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Ayrıca, uzun vadeli enerji politikası hedefleri, talep beklentileri ve sistem maliyet gelişimi bağlamında farklı teknolojiler ve ağlar için üretim kapasitesinin entegre senaryo planlamasının önemi üzerinde durulmaktadır.
ZnO İnce Filmlerin Yapısal, Morfolojik ve Lüminesans Özelliklerine Tavlama Sıcaklığının Etkisi
Authors: Gündoğdu Osman Salih , Güngör Elif
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmada, ZnO ince filmler farklı tavlama sıcaklıklarında dip coating (daldırma kaplama) metodu ile cam alt tabakalar üzerine üretildi. Filmlerin yapısal, morfolojik ve fotolüminesans özelliklerine tavlama sıcaklığının etkisi incelendi. XRD yapı analizi sonuçları filmlerin 150°C ve 250 °C’de amorf, 350 °C, 450 °C ve 550 °C’de ise hekzagonal wurtzite kristal yapıya sahip olduğunu gösterdi. Filmlerin yapı parametreleri tercihli yönelim düzlemine (002) göre hesaplandı. SEM yüzey görüntüleri, artan tavlama sıcaklıklarıyla filmlerin homojen bir şekilde kaplandığını gösterdi. SEM kesit görüntülerinden kalınlıkların 407.096 nm-616.310 nm aralığında olduğu belirlendi. Fotolüminesans spektrumlarına göre filmler 385 nm ve 765 nm’de keskin bir pik ve 450 nm ile 735 nm arasında geniş bir band gösterdi. Filmler yakın UV bölgesinde (385 nm) mor bir emisyona sahip olduğu görüldü. Sonuç olarak, tavlama sıcaklığının artmasıyla filmlerin kalitesi iyileşmekte ve homojen bir kristal yapı oluşmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak da mor renkte bir emisyonuna sahip bu filmlerin tavlama sıcaklığının artması ile emisyon pik şiddeti artmaktadır. Üretilen filmler, mor ışık yayan optoelektronik aletlerde alternatif malzeme olarak kullanılabilir.
Sütteki Sülfonamidlerin Tayini için Yeni bir Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi Yönteminin Geliştirilmesi ve Valide Edilmesi
Authors: Oymak Tulay
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmada sülfonamidler (SAs) grubunda bulunan sülfadiazin (SDZ), sülfamerazin (SMR) ve sülfometaksazol’ün (SMX) süt numunelerinde analizi için hızlı, hassas ve basit bir yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografi (HPLC) yöntemi geliştirilmiş ve valide edilmiştir. SDZ, SMR ve SMX’in sütten ekstraksiyonunda protein çöktürme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Protein çöktürme yönteminde çöktürücü reaktif türü ve miktarı optimize edilmiştir. Çalışma matriks etkisinin analizlere olan etkisinin gözlemlenmesi amacıyla tüm validasyon parametreleri süt numuneleri kullanılarak çalışılmıştır. Yöntemin validasyonunda ICH klavuzu uyarınca doğrusallık, sağlamlık, doğruluk ve kesinlik testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Süt numunelerinde sülfonamidlerin tayini için geliştirilen yöntemin gözlenebilme sınırları (LOD) SDZ, SMR ve SMX için sırasıyla 0.11, 0.10 ve 0.14 µg/mLve tayin sınırları (LOQ) 0.34, 0.30 ve 0.43 µg/mL’dir. SAs’lerin sütteki ortalama geri kazanımları ≥ %93.0±4.4’tür. Yöntemin gün içi ve günler arası tekrarlanabilirliğini % bağıl standart sapma cinsinden sırasıyla ≤ %6.0 ve ≤% 5.4’dir. Geliştirilen yöntem doğru ve güvenilir olup gıda kontrol ve toksikolojik analiz laboratuvarlarında süt numunelerinin içeriğindeki SAs'lerin rutin analizi için kullanılabilir.
Development of Polyurethane Elastomer-Based Bio-Composites Reinforced with Basaltic Pumice
Authors: Yurderi Mehmet , Tayfun Ümit , Bulut Ahmet
Published: November 2024

Basaltic pumice has a black or gray appearance due to its iron and magnesium-rich komatiitic tuff composition. Pumice's porous structure allows the production of various polymer-based bio-composite materials for biomedical applications. This study developed bio-composite samples by incorporating basaltic pumice powder at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 percent concentrations into an elastomeric polyurethane (EPU) matrix. The surface and elemental structure of basaltic pumice particles were investigated using the SEM/energy diffraction X-ray technique. The physical, mechanical, thermal, melt-flow, and morphological properties of bio-composites were studied experimentally. Findings showed a rise in Shore hardness and tensile modulus parameters and declined tensile elongation. According to the thermal study, introducing basaltic pumice resulted in a modest drop in the thermal stability of the EPU and an improvement in stability against mechanical deformations. Pumice loadings raised the melt flow and extrusion torque values of the EPU. The observation of the homogeneously distributed pumice particles in the EPU matrix is used as visual evidence to investigate the highest performance among the composites in the EPU sample with the lowest loading rate of 7.5% pumice. Overall, BP is effective as a reinforcing agent in EPU-based bio-composites at low additive percentages.
Molecular Characterisation of Some Corn (Zea mays L.) Genotypes Growing in Iğdır Province
Authors: Çevik Gizem , Eren Barış
Published: November 2024

Inter-primer binding site markers based on retrotransposons or iPBS retrotransposon markers have been useful in determining genetic diversity in a large number of organisms. The CTAB technique was employed to isolate DNA, and iPBS molecular markers were employed to conduct genetic diversity studies. Based on the analyses' findings, the genotypes exhibited a significant degree of genetic diversity, with a 100% polymorphic locus percentage. A total of 154 polymorphic bands were generated as a consequence of molecular identification experiments conducted with 12 IPBS markers. The typical polymorphism rate was determined to be 100%. Additionally, the average polymorphism (PIC) value, which quantifies the gene diversity of all markers examined in the study, was 0.228, and the average H value was 0.274. The genotypes 1 and 14 exhibited the lowest similarity ratio, with a coefficient value of 0.1600, when the DICE similarity coefficients were compared. These results were derived by comparing the DICE similarity coefficients of the samples. The analysis determined that the greatest similarity value between genotypes 4 and 3 was 0.6747. Maize genotypes are classified into four distinct subpopulations. Genotypes can be developed for reproductive research in order to demonstrate the molecular diversity of a population. It was determined that IPBS molecular markers are appropriate genetic instruments for genetic and phylogenetic analyses in maize varieties. This conclusion was attained as a consequence of the aforementioned. The data that is gathered will serve as a scientific foundation and a valuable contribution to the field of maize genetics in the future.
Numerical simulation of the effect of downstream material on scouring-sediment profile of combined spillway-gate
Authors: Hassanzadeh Yousef , Abbaszadeh Hamidreza , Abedi Ali , Abraham John
Published: November 2024

Overflow structures are among the most important hydraulic structures used for measuring flow, controlling floods in reservoirs, and regulating water levels in open channels. Alternative options, such as combined structures like spillway-gates, are preferred due to their compatibility with natural and ecological needs. This study investigates the impact of different soil gradations downstream on the scouring profile of combined spillway-gate structures. Scouring and sedimentation downstream of the spillway-gate were examined under various particle sizes of 0.0008, 0.001, and 0.0014 m, with a constant density in both free and submerged flow conditions using the FLOW-3D software. In this study, the k-ε, k-ω, LES, and RNG turbulence models were evaluated, and the RNG turbulence model was selected among that group. In free flow conditions, the highest sediment deposition occurred with the smallest particle diameter. For larger particle diameters, the void spaces between the particles reduce friction and increase the movement threshold, leading to increased scouring and decreased sediment height. In submerged flow conditions, the changes in scouring for different particle sizes were minor, with results being closely aligned. In submerged flow conditions, increasing the particle diameter resulted in a decrease in sediment deposition in the post-scouring area.
Greenhouse gas emissions from container-based sanitation systems in East African cities: a case study in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Okeny David , Niwagaba Charles B. , Kalibbala Herbert M. , McConville Jennifer R.
Published: November 2024

Sanitation systems emit greenhouse gases (GHGs), which are estimated to comprise 3% of global emissions and pose challenges to sustainable development goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 13 and SDG 6.2, which are focused on climate action and sanitation. This study quantified GHG emissions from the containment component of the container-based sanitation (CBS) system, with a specific focus on Fresh Life Toilets (FLTs) in Nairobi, Kenya. Field measurements performed over 10-day studies revealed total GHG emissions of 15.72 kg CO2 eq/capita/year from faecal matter alone, excluding the emissions from urine. Nuanced variations in emissions were encountered, notably with higher methane production at the point of temporary storage (0.40 kg CO2 eq/capita/year) compared to values at capture and emptying, which were much below the detection level of the equipment used. This insight underscores the complexities of GHG dynamics within CBS systems, highlighting the ongoing necessity for research to refine and enhance precision in GHG assessments related to CBS. The results of this study contribute to elucidating the impact of climate change on CBS systems.
Cafeteria Diet Abstinence Induces Depressive Behavior and Disrupts Endocannabinoid Signaling in Dopaminergic Areas: A Preclinical Study
Authors: de Ceglia Marialuisa , Romano Adele , Di Bonaventura Maria Vittoria Micioni , Gavito Ana , Botticelli Luca , Di Bonaventura Emanuela Micioni , Friuli Marzia , Cifani Carlo , de Fonseca Fernando Rodríguez , Gaetani Silvana
Published: November 2024

Background:

Alterations of dopamine (DA) transmission in the brain reward system can be
associated with an addictive-like state defined as food addiction (FA), common in obese individuals.
Subjects affected by FA experience negative feelings when abstinent from their preferred diet and may
develop mood disorders, including depression, sustained by alterations in brain DA pathways.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the impact of long-term abstinence from a palatable diet on
depressive-like behavior in rats, exploring neurochemical alterations in monoamine and endocannabinoid
signaling in DA-enriched brain regions, including ventral tegmental area, dorsolateral striatum,
substantia nigra and medial prefrontal cortex.

Methods:

Rats underwent exposure and subsequent abstinence from a palatable cafeteria diet. During
abstinence, animals were treated with fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor PF-3845 (10 mg/kg,
intraperitoneal administration every other day). Lastly, animals were subjected to a forced swimming
test, and their brains were dissected and processed for high-performance liquid chromatography measurement
of monoamines and western blot analyses of markers of the endocannabinoid machinery.

Results:

After the withdrawal from the palatable diet, animals showed depressive-like behavior, coupled
with significant variations in the concentration of brain monoamines and in the expression of endocannabinoid
signalling machinery proteins in cited brain areas. Treatment with PF-3845 exerted an antidepressant-
like effect and restored part of the alterations in monoaminergic and endocannabinoid systems.

Conclusion:

Overall, our results suggest that abstinence from a cafeteria diet provokes emotional disturbances
linked to neuroadaptive changes in monoamines and endocannabinoid signalling in brain areas
partaking to DA transmission that could partially be restored by the enhancement of endocannabinoid
signalling through FAAH inhibition.
Adana Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Evde Sağlık Hizmetlerindeki Bir Yıllık Hasta Kayıtlarının Gözden Geçirme Çalışması
Authors: Çabuk Ali İhsan
Published: November 2024

Giriş: Artan yaşam süreleri sonucunda kronik hastalıklar artmış ve bakım süreleri uzamıştır. Bu durum evde sağlık hizmetlerinin önemini arttırmıştır. Bu çalışmada Adana Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi evde sağlık hizmetlerine başvuran bireylerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerini, kronik ve akut hastalıklarını ve bireylere evde verilen sağlık hizmetlerini göstermeyi amaçlamıştır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma Adana Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Evde Sağlık Hizmetlerine kayıtlı 3881 hasta ile gerçekleştirilmiş tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Hastaların dosyaları retrospektif taranarak verilere ulaşılmıştır. Hastaların sosyo-demografik özellikleri, akut ve kronik hastalıkları ile hastalara verilen hizmetler sorgulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların %63,9’u (n=2480) kadın ve %76,5’i (n=2971) 65 yaş üstündedir. Tam bağımlı hastaların oranı %46,1 (n=1790), beslenme solüsyonu kullanımı %17 (n=665) ve alt bezi kullanımı %31,3 (n=1215)’tür. Katılımcıların en sık karşılaşılan kronik hastalıkları hipertansiyon, serebrovasküler hastalık ve DM’tur. En sık akut yakınmaları; ağrı, yatak yaraları ve üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarıdır. Hastalara en çok genel muayene ve pansuman hizmeti verilmiştir.
Sonuç: Ünitemize sıklıkla 65 yaş üstü ve nörolojik, kardiyovasküler ve endokrin sistem hastalıklarına sahip bireyler başvurmaktadır. Bu hastaların en sık akut yakınmaları ağrı, yatak yaralarıdır. Evde sağlık hizmetlerinin en sık verdiği hizmet genel muayene ve yara pansumanıdır.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF LONELINESS AMONG ELDERLY RECEIVING HOME CARE SERVICES
Authors: Alagöz Ece , Yanık Vildan
Published: November 2024

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to identify and understand the factors contributing to loneliness among individuals aged 65 and above receiving home care services.
Methods: This research adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design to investigate the factors influencing loneliness in the elderly population. The study's population comprised individuals aged 65 and above receiving home care services from a municipality in Istanbul. The sample, determined through the convenience sampling method, consisted of 285 older participants who volunteered to take part in the study and were actively receiving home care. Data were collected using three main instruments: The Personal Information Form, The Loneliness Scale for the Elderly, and The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.
Results: The loneliness level among single elderly individuals was significantly higher than that of their married counterparts, with being single explaining 33% of the variation in loneliness (R² = 33). The engagement in social activities emerged as a crucial factor, as the loneliness levels of socially active elderly individuals were notably lower, contributing to 25% of the variation in loneliness (R² = 25). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale revealed that as the self-esteem of older adults increased, their loneliness levels decreased, explaining 26% of the variation (R² = 26). Marital status, social activity, and self-esteem variables collectively explained 23% of the variation in the level of loneliness.
Conclusion: The study's key findings indicate that the level of self-esteem among elderly individuals receiving home care services was moderate. Additionally, single elderly individuals experienced higher levels of loneliness compared to their married counterparts. Socially active older adults exhibited lower loneliness levels, and increased self-esteem corresponded to decreased loneliness. Notably, variables such as age, gender, educational status, and the presence of chronic diseases showed no significant impact on the level of loneliness among the elderly.
Aile Hekimliği Bakışıyla Depreme Bağlı Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu
Authors: Özer Z. Yelda , Özcan Sevgi
Published: November 2024

Ülkemiz deprem kuşağında yer almaktadır. Tarih boyunca etkisi hafiften şiddetliye kadar değişen birçok deprem meydana gelmiştir. Depremlerin yarattığı fiziksel hasarlar kadar psikolojik hasarlar da bireylerin ve toplumun sağlığını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB), yaşanan depremler sonrası prevalansı en yüksek olan psikiyatrik hastalıklardandır. Deprem sonrası gözlenen akut stres bozukluğu ve diğer psikiyatrik hastalıklardan ayırt edilerek erken teşhis ve tedavinin sağlanması, bireylerin sağlığını korumak için önemlidir. Deprem sonrası gözlenen TSSB’ye en sık eşlik eden psikiyatrik hastalık majör depresyondur ve artmış intihar riski ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalarda TSSB’nin etkilerinin depremden yıllar sonra dahi devam ettiği gözlenmektedir.
Aile hekimleri disiplinin ilkeleri gereği sağlık sistemi ile ilk temas noktasını oluştururlar. Hizmet almak isteyenlere açık ve sınırsız sağlık hizmeti sunarlar. Deprem travması sonrası gözlenen TSSB’nin etkili yönetilebilmesi konusunda kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu derlemenin amacı deprem sonrası gözlenen TSSB’ye ve birinci basamak odaklı çalışan aile hekimlerinin TSSB’nin yönetimindeki kritik önemine dikkat çekmektir.
Dynamics of dark solitons in optical fibers governed by cubic-quintic discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors:   Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia, Qausar Haves , Ramli Marwan ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia, Munzir Said ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia, Syafwan Mahdhivan ,   Department of Mathematics, Universitas Andalas, Padang 25163, Indonesia
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the dynamics of dark solitons and energy distribution in electromagnetic waves propagating through optical fibers, focusing on the impact of key parameters on energy retention. While previous research has emphasized frequency and dispersion, this work also examines the effect of attenuation on soliton behavior. The energy distribution is analyzed using Hamiltonian dynamics derived from the cubic-quintic discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (CQ DNLS) equation, with stationary solutions obtained via the Trust Region Dogleg method and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method used for dynamic simulations. Results reveal that frequency and dispersion parameters enhance wave amplitude and energy, whereas high attenuation significantly reduces wave intensity and energy during propagation. Balancing these effects is critical for maintaining energy stability and providing insights into material selection for optical fibers with low attenuation properties.
Enhancing brand equity through social media marketing: A quantitative analysis of health and beauty product brands among Thai entrepreneurs
Authors:   College of Digital Innovation Technology, Rangsit University, Lak Hok, Thailand, Nuamthong Thunthida , Parnkam Sumaman ,   College of Digital Innovation Technology, Rangsit University, Lak Hok, Thailand
Published: November 2024

This study aims to improve the brand equity of online health and beauty products among Thai entrepreneurs to enhance their competitiveness in global markets. Using elements from the Rough Set Delphi technique, the research examines the relationships between nine key components that contribute to building brand equity, analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis. A quantitative approach was used, collecting data from 600 manufacturers who utilize online social media platforms for marketing and distribution. The results show that the validated model includes all nine components, which closely align with real-world data. These components include marketing factors, social media marketing activity, brand association, perceived quality, brand awareness, brand image, brand trust, and brand loyalty, all of which play a critical role in developing brand equity. The study provides practical insights for health and beauty product manufacturers to strengthen brand sustainability, recommending a focus on understanding all nine components, especially social media marketing factors, brand loyalty, and brand image, to increase brand equity. Recognizing the importance of the other components is also essential for long-term brand growth.
Digital solutions for optimizing the sentencing of criminal penalties in times of war
Authors: Maricheva O. V.
Published: November 2024

Relevance. Unlawful acts under martial law carry an increased public danger, destabilizing national security, exacerbating resource scarcity and having an extremely negative impact on society. This requires the criminal justice system to respond as quickly and effectively as possible, including in terms of imposing fair and proportionate penalties. In light of the current foreign policy situation, the relevance of this study is undeniable.

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to identify the positive and negative aspects of the application of digital solutions to optimize the assignment of criminal penalties under martial law on the basis of a comprehensive analysis.

 Objectives: to identify specific factors and challenges affecting the process of sentencing in the context of military conflict, to study the best international experience in the use of digital technologies to improve the effectiveness of judicial determination of criminal sanctions, to analyze the prospects for the use of innovative tools in the imposition of criminal sanctions, taking into account the peculiarities of martial law, to identify the key advantages and limitations of the use of digital technologies in the judicial system to improve the objectivity, speed, and efficiency of the judicial process.

Methodology. The work is built on the basis of dialectical general scientific approach, which provided the integrity of the study and substantiation of cause-and-effect relationships. We used general scientific methods - analysis and synthesis, generalization, special legal method - comparative-legal method.

Results. Under martial law, the use of digital technologies can increase the objectivity, speed and transparency of sentencing. However, there are risks of errors and system failures, the need for costly investments, problems with information security and citizens' distrust of «soulless» machine solutions.

Conclusion. The study identifies both the potential benefits and risks of digital solutions for optimizing criminal sentencing under martial law. In order to improve the effectiveness and reliability of digital solutions, risks related to cybersecurity, personal data protection and resilience to disruptions under emergency conditions need to be carefully assessed. At the same time, it is important to continuously improve and adapt technologies, ensuring their flexibility to dynamically changing wartime realities.
Veterinary and epizootic surveillance in Russia in the second half of the XIX century (based on the materials of the Central Black Earth Region)
Authors: Tretyak A. S.
Published: November 2024

The relevanceof the article is due to the difficult epidemiological situation in the Kursk region, which arose due to a special military operation. The historical experience of the zemstvos in solving acute veterinary problems can be used in modern conditions. The history of veterinary and epizootic surveillance in the second half of the 19th century is also relevant from a theoretical point of view, as it allows us to expand knowledge about the socio-economic development of post-reform Russia.

 The purposeof the article is to analyze the veterinary practice of zemstvos in the Central Chernozem region in the second half of the XIX century.

Objectives:to identify the peculiarities of the development of veterinary medicine in the zemstvo provinces; to analyze the problems faced by zemstvo veterinarians and methods of their solution; to evaluate the effectiveness of veterinary practice of zemstvos in the Central Chernozem region.

 The methodologyincludes chronological and historical-comparative approaches. The method of objectivity and scientific approach based on the principle of historicism is applied.

 Results.In the post-reform period, a tense epizootic situation developed in Russia. Zemstvo veterinarians took effective measures to counteract animal diseases. Measures aimed at preventing and eliminating epizootics, combating infectious diseases of animals were carried out everywhere, the population received free medical care for sick animals, veterinary laboratories and diagnostic rooms were opened. The fight against animal diseases in the Central Chernozem region has led to the complete elimination of epidemics.

 Conclusions.Zemstvo veterinary medicine contributed to the improvement of animal health and the development of livestock farms in Russia in the second half of the XIX century. The activities of zemstvo veterinarians marked the beginning of the organizational design of the veterinary service as a separate branch of medicine.
Deliberate environmental and legal risk: law enforcement and normative aspects
Authors: Gusarov A. V.
Published: November 2024

Relevance. Numerous environmental problems, overlapping with legal reality, transform the established legal order, introducing elements of uncertainty into it. In such circumstances, specific participants in legal relations do not always have a clear idea of how their model of behavior should be implemented in a legitimate way, which is why they quite consciously have to rely on risk. In its most general form, risk is a derivative of uncertainty. In the realities of environmental and legal uncertainty, situations are common where the subject of normative or law enforcement activities, relying on risk, does not have a clear forecast of the success of his legally significant decisions, but another behavior option that is not based on risk is either excluded altogether or difficult to implement. Such trends determine the need for a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of premeditation of subjects of lawmaking and law enforcement activities in the context of environmental and legal risk.

The purpose is to identify the key features of the premeditation factor in relation to the law enforcement and rule-making aspects of legal activity in the context of environmental and legal risk.

Objectives: to reveal the essence of premeditation as such, to consider the law enforcement and rule-making sides of premeditation of an ecological and legal nature in a risk-oriented model of legal relations, to identify the forms of manifestation of such premeditation.

Methodology. To solve the tasks set, methods of interpretation of normative and law enforcement acts, analysis, synthesis, concretization and abstraction were used.

 The results of the study were data characterizing the features of intentional environmental and legal risks in law enforcement and rule-making environments.

 Conclusion. The existence of deliberate environmental and legal risks is a consequence, firstly, of general environmental problems and, secondly, of defects in the field of legal regulation. Premeditation in the context of environmental and legal risk is expressed by the conscious will of the subject to achieve a certain useful result. Sometimes, in the format of normative or law enforcement work, such a risk is acceptable, but its use should be extremely careful.
Technical camouflage in the defense of Leningrad
Authors: Murga N. V.
Published: November 2024

Relevance. The topic of the defense of besieged Leningrad has been studied in many ways, but the role of technical camouflage in the defense of the besieged city has not been sufficiently covered. Not all historical sources stored in archives have been published, analyzed and introduced into scientific circulation.

The purpose: to cover the course of historical events during the period of technical camouflage of the most important urban objects of Leningrad, as well as the concealment of cultural values, the dominant features of the city and the camouflage of the ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet moored on the Neva.

Objectives: to study archival documents, previously published studies on this topic, memoirs of participants in technical camouflage; to analyze the activities of the Architectural Planning Department during the implementation of technical camouflage measures for the most important urban objects and cultural values; to summarize the conclusions about the role and place of the Architectural Planning Department during technical camouflage.

Methodology. The study used such methods as historical, chronological, and systems approach using the structural-functional analysis method.

Results. The article, based on archival documents of the Central State Archive, the archive of historical and political documents, previously conducted studies, and the memoirs of participants in the siege of Leningrad, examines the activities of the Architectural Planning Department of the Executive Committee of the Council of Workers' Deputies of Leningrad during the technical camouflage of vital city objects and cultural values.

Conclusions. Conclusions are made about the direct participation of the Architectural Planning Department in technical camouflage.
Subsidiary liability of a self-regulatory organization in the system of methods for ensuring the fulfillment of obligations
Authors: Filatova U. B. , Kondratiev V. A.
Published: November 2024

Relevance. Self-regulation is one of the most rapidly developing legal institutions, but its development faces a number of difficulties, both theoretical and practical. The question of the place of self-regulation in the legal system, its classification as an institution of private or public law is debatable. The problem of subsidiary liability of a self-regulatory organization for its members to consumers of goods (works, services) also requires additional attention, in particular the possibility of classifying it as a method of ensuring the fulfillment of an obligation.

The purpose is to develop scientifically substantiated provisions on the subsidiary liability of self-regulatory organizations. Research objectives: to determine the legal nature of self-regulation; to identify private law aspects of self-regulation; to characterize the subsidiary liability of SROs and to establish its relationship with the institution of ensuring the fulfillment of obligations.

 Methodology. The article is based on the methods of analysis, deduction, description, generalization, formal legal, systemic methods.

 Results. Self-regulation combines both private law principles and public law ones. The private nature of self-regulation is manifested in the voluntary nature of membership, as well as the imposition of civil liability on it for the actions of its members. The public element is that membership (admission) to the SRO gives the right to carry out certain types of activities.

The liability of a self-regulatory organization for damages caused by its members is an important tool in protecting the interests of consumers of goods (works, services) and this differs from licensing.

The application of subsidiary liability of a self-regulatory organization should cover any adverse property consequences that have arisen for the consumer of goods (works, services) due to improper performance of their obligations by an SRO member.

Conclusions. Subsidiary liability of an SRO is a way to ensure the fulfillment of an obligation aimed at creating additional guarantees for the creditor of the proper fulfillment of the obligation at the expense of the property of a third party.
Assessment of Female Patients Burden undergoing Hemodialysis at Shar Teaching Hospital in Sulaymaniyah City
Authors: Gharib Mohammed Kalthum Mohammed , Saeed Mahabat Hassan , Karim Sanaa Othman , Mena Nazera Salam , Mohammed Khelan Akram
Published: November 2024

Background: Hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney failure end-stage renal disease (ESRD) will encounter various pressures, functional limitations, dietary restrictions, pharmaceutical side effects, workplace challenges, as well as social and dynamic changes. Health problems and a lower quality of life, in general, can arise from the roles that gender stereotypes and sex discrimination impose. Within this research, we sought to determine the burden of female hemodialysis patients in Sulaymaniyah City and to examine the impact of several sociodemographic parameters on this burden. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design, a convenient selection of 53 female patients with ESRD receiving hemodialysis was comprised. The study was carried out at the Shar Teaching Hospital’s dialysis department in Sulaymaniyah City. Results: The study participants’ mean age was determined to be 55.8 ± 14.6 years, with the majority (41.0%), falling between the age range of 41 and 80 years. 100% of the research sample reported feeling fatigued. The results indicate that there were significant associations found between age groups (P = 0.030), level of education, marital status, and the assessment of female patients’ burden of undergoing hemodialysis. The majority of participants (41.5%) had low assessments of female patients’ burden. Conclusion: Most of the instances involved illiterate housewives who had been on hemodialysis for longer than 10 years. Most research samples exhibited lower energy levels, and almost all patients complained of being fatigued. The assessment of the burden of female patients receiving hemodialysis showed positive correlations with age groups, educational attainment, and marital status. Otherwise, no correlation was observed between the patients’ work, place of residence, length of hemodialysis treatment, and the overall estimate of the burden experienced by female patients.
Guidelines for Patient-Centered Documentation in the Era of Open Notes: Qualitative Study
Authors: Vanka Anita , Johnston Katherine T , Delbanco Tom , DesRoches Catherine M , Garcia Annalays , Salmi Liz , Blease Charlotte
Published: November 2024

Background

Patients in the United States have recently gained federally mandated, free, and ready electronic access to clinicians’ computerized notes in their medical records (“open notes”). This change from longstanding practice can benefit patients in clinically important ways, but studies show some patients feel judged or stigmatized by words or phrases embedded in their records. Therefore, it is imperative that clinicians adopt documentation techniques that help both to empower patients and minimize potential harms.

Objective

At a time when open and transparent communication among patients, families, and clinicians can spread more easily throughout medical practice, this inquiry aims to develop informed guidelines for documentation in medical records.

Methods

Through a series of focus groups, preliminary guidelines for documentation language in medical records were developed by health professionals and patients. Using a structured focus group decision guide, we conducted 4 group meetings with different sets of 27 participants: physicians experienced with writing open notes (n=5), patients accustomed to reviewing their notes (n=8), medical student educators (n=7), and resident physicians (n=7). To generate themes, we used an iterative coding process. First-order codes were grouped into second-order themes based on the commonality of meanings.

Results

The participants identified 10 important guidelines as a preliminary framework for developing notes sensitive to patients’ needs.

Conclusions

The process identified 10 discrete themes that can help clinicians use and spread patient-centered documentation.
Performance of ChatGPT-4o on the Japanese Medical Licensing Examination: Evalution of Accuracy in Text-Only and Image-Based Questions
Authors: Miyazaki Yuki , Hata Masahiro , Omori Hisaki , Hirashima Atsuya , Nakagawa Yuta , Eto Mitsuhiro , Takahashi Shun , Ikeda Manabu
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated the performance of ChatGPT with GPT-4 Omni (GPT-4o) on the 118th Japanese Medical Licensing Examination. The study focused on both text-only and image-based questions. The model demonstrated a high level of accuracy overall, with no significant difference in performance between text-only and image-based questions. Common errors included clinical judgment mistakes and prioritization issues, underscoring the need for further improvement in the integration of artificial intelligence into medical education and practice.
Using Structured Codes and Free-Text Notes to Measure Information Complementarity in Electronic Health Records: Feasibility and Validation Study
Authors: Seinen Tom M , Kors Jan A , van Mulligen Erik M , Rijnbeek Peter R
Published: November 2024

Background

Electronic health records (EHRs) consist of both structured data (eg, diagnostic codes) and unstructured data (eg, clinical notes). It is commonly believed that unstructured clinical narratives provide more comprehensive information. However, this assumption lacks large-scale validation and direct validation methods.

Objective

This study aims to quantitatively compare the information in structured and unstructured EHR data and directly validate whether unstructured data offers more extensive information across a patient population.

Methods

We analyzed both structured and unstructured data from patient records and visits in a large Dutch primary care EHR database between January 2021 and January 2024. Clinical concepts were identified from free-text notes using an extraction framework tailored for Dutch and compared with concepts from structured data. Concept embeddings were generated to measure semantic similarity between structured and extracted concepts through cosine similarity. A similarity threshold was systematically determined via annotated matches and minimized weighted Gini impurity. We then quantified the concept overlap between structured and unstructured data across various concept domains and patient populations.

Results

In a population of 1.8 million patients, only 13% of extracted concepts from patient records and 7% from individual visits had similar structured counterparts. Conversely, 42% of structured concepts in records and 25% in visits had similar matches in unstructured data. Condition concepts had the highest overlap, followed by measurements and drug concepts. Subpopulation visits, such as those with chronic conditions or psychological disorders, showed different proportions of data overlap, indicating varied reliance on structured versus unstructured data across clinical contexts.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the feasibility of quantifying the information difference between structured and unstructured data, showing that the unstructured data provides important additional information in the studied database and populations. The annotated concept matches are made publicly available for the clinical natural language processing community. Despite some limitations, our proposed methodology proves versatile, and its application can lead to more robust and insightful observational clinical research.