bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive evaluation of various mean-free-path forms in hypersonic rarefied gas flows
Authors: Quach Vinh Huu , Tran Tram Thi Huyen
Published: February 2025

Simulations of the hypersonic rarefied gas flows are essential when designing high-speed vehicles such as re-entry vehicles. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) are typical approaches to simulate these flows. The latter has a higher computational cost than the CFD, which solves the Navier-Stokes-Fourier (NSF) equations. Appropriately treating the slip and jump conditions is critical for comparing the DSMC data and the CFD results. The accuracy of the NSF simulations is typically determined by the slip and jump boundary conditions (BCs) used to predict the surface properties, such as the slip velocity and the surface gas temperature. The mean free path (MFP) of gas molecules is vital in the slip-and-jump BCs to generate precise simulation results that enhance hypersonic vehicle design and performance. The current work comprehensively evaluates two forms of the MFP: the Hard-Sphere (HS) and the Variable-Hard-Sphere (VHS). The objective is to determine the model most suitable for hypersonic rarefied gas flow simulations that predict surface properties accurately. The research adopts basic aerodynamic configurations, including a sharp leading-edge flat plate, a wedge, and a cylinder in cross-flow, to validate the two MFP models. The Mach numbers examined in this study range from 6 to 10, with argon and nitrogen as the working gases. The results of the simulations show that the VHS mean free path form gives better results than the HS one compared to the DSMC data.
Nonlinear Analysis of Stiffened Laminated Composite Thin-Wall Structures Using SHELL181 Elements in ANSYS
Authors: Pham Hau Phuc Tran , Tan Ho Loc , Doan Nghia Trong , Siu Lo Vay
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the nonlinear static behavior of stiffened laminated composite plates using finite element analysis (FEA). The analysis is conducted using the SHELL181 element in ANSYS, which is well-suited for modeling the complex geometries and material properties of composite structures. The study includes detailed modeling of the laminated composite plates with orthogonal stiffeners and examines the impact of various parameters on their structural behavior under static loads. A nonlinear analysis is conducted to capture the complex behavior of the stiffened plates, taking into consideration geometric nonlinearity. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the finite element approach in accurately predicting the behavior of stiffened composite plates. The findings are validated against established results, showing good agreement and confirming the reliability of the SHELL181 element for such analyses. This research provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of stiffened laminated composite structures in engineering applications.
Hydrodynamic Analysis of Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters Using ANSYS Aqwa
Authors: Thanh Ta Dat , Phan Quyen Ngoc , Truong Thien Tich
Published: February 2025

This study presents an analysis of a point absorber wave energy converter (WEC) system, employing advanced numerical modeling and time-domain simulations to evaluate and optimize the device’s performance. The wave energy converter consists of a single floating body coupled with a spring-mass damper system. Buoys with different drafts are analyzed to maximize the energy absorption of the wave energy converter. The numerical examples in this work were implemented using the boundary element method via the ANSYS Aqwa software. The hydrodynamic parameters analyzed in the paper include excitation force, added mass, radiation damping coefficient, response amplitude operator (RAO), and the wave energy absorption power of the buoy. From the obtained results, the hydrodynamic behavior characteristics, overall cost optimization, and power absorption of buoys with different drafts can be evaluated to ensure their energy absorption.
The effect of car types on head injuries of Vietnamese pedestrians using dummy in crashes
Authors: Anh Ly Hung
Published: February 2025

Simulation for crashworthiness has been widely applied recently due to its cost-effectiveness and viability with pedestrians who are always suffer serious injury. Reducing traffic accident numbers, and fatalities in severe accidents is always a huge concern of the government in Vietnam. This research focused on numerical simulation using finite element dummy model to study head injuries in a Vietnamese pedestrian suffered crash accidents at center position with three car types: (Sedan, SUV, and Pick-up). V-dummy which is suitable for Vietnamese anthropometric properties is used for this research. V-dummy is created by scaling from the Hybrid III dummy. The initial speeds of the vehicles are set at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 (km/h) and the impact angles are set at 0°, 45°, and 90°. There are forty-five simulation cases in total presented in this paper. Head injuries are determined by assessing the HIC (Head Injury Criterion) for every cases. Result shows that HIC increases with respect to velocity and varies with the impact angle. When V-dummy is in impact, the head will have a tendency to hit the windshield or the bonnet first (named phase of car impact) then it gets knocked up airborne before struck to the ground (named phase of ground impact). The location of the head impact on the car depends on the type of vehicle and the impact angle. The HIC value is increased together with the impact speed. For the impact case at 90°, the shoulder first and then the head are in contact with the bonnet, which causes HIC in impact angle 90° lower than both 0° and 45°.
Use of Paper- and Cardboard Based Foams Beyond the Packaging Industry
Authors: Kóczán Z , Pásztory Z
Published: February 2025

Paper and cardboard-based products are alternative raw materials in the field of architecture that contribute and promote sustainability, since the amount of waste generated in the construction industry is very significant, it is essential to use raw materials from renewable sources. In this research, chemical foaming technology was used to investigate how the paper or cardboard waste can be reused or recycled as thermal insulation boards in the construction industry. The foaming effect of the sodium-dodecyl-sulfate and alkyl-polyglucoside were tested. The present study showed that the thermal conductivity of the samples was similar to that of materials currently on the market. Foamed samples reached a thermal conductivity of 0.044-0.050 W/mK. The density of the samples was 0.130-0.172 g/cm3 which is quite high compared to the density of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. The water resistance of the samples could be increased by the application of additives or coatings. This raw material is favorable, as it is recycled the production of the insulating material does not require as much energy as if it were made from primary raw material. Also, no environmentally harmful binders were used during production. The most important result of the research is that the insulation material samples were made of recycled, natural-based material so the product also meets the requirements of the circular economy and sustainability.
Application GIS and remote sensing in building a map of ecosystem services: A case study in the Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Huong Dao Thi Viet , Tien Nguyen Thi Cam
Published: February 2025

This study demonstrates the application of GIS, combined with remote sensing data, to assess the economic value of ecosystem services (ESV) in Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City. The study area encompasses various ecosystems, including urban areas, grass, rivers/lakes, wetlands, cropland, and green spaces. The assessment involved analysing land cover changes from 1975 to the present using Landsat satellite imagery. The results revealed significant shifts in land cover, with urban areas expanding while vegetation cover and bare land decreased. The total ESV of Thu Duc City in 2024 was estimated to be over 388,000 thousand USD, with fish pond (wetlands) contributing the highest value around 187,000 thousand USD. This study underscores the importance of integrating GIS and remote sensing in ecosystem service valuation and provides valuable insights for urban planning and sustainable development in Thu Duc City.
An image processing-based method for determining the geometry transmission ratio of a continuously variable transmission gearbox
Authors: Tran Dang Long , Nhut Do Tri
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, many applications based on image processing methods are deployed to bring convenience to use due to its outstanding superior features. This paper proposes an image processing-based method for determining the geometry transmission ratio of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) gearbox made up of a push-belt and two pulleys with synchronized width adjustments. The proposed method is demonstrated by many experiments on a real system consisting of 1 Logitech C992 Pro Webcam camera and 1 CVT gearbox. The experiments were conducted on more than 100 images. The experimental results show that the method’s error is between 6% and 8%, and the average processing time of 1 image is 0.07 seconds. This error depends on whether the camera position is parallel to the CVT gearbox’s cross-sectional plane or not. Furthermore, the reliability of the method is evaluated by the RMSE method up to 99%.
Solution of using battery energy storage systems for power transmission congestion of Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan power grid
Authors: Nguyen Nhat Nam , Hoang Hai , Quang Vu Duc , Truong Canh Toan , Thai Xuan Tra , Tu Vu Phan
Published: February 2025

Currently, in order to reduce CO2 emissions to combat climate change as committed at the COP 26-27-28 conferences, many countries around the world, including Vietnam, are strongly transitioning from traditional energies to renewable ones. The development of renewable energy (RE) sources such as wind and solar power contributes not only to supplement and diversify the electricity sources but also to enhance the national energy supply security. However, the rapid and concentrated development of RE sources in some areas causes many disadvantages in the operation of Vietnam power system. Especially, this overdevelopment puts more pressures on the weak interconnected transmission infrastructure of the system. As a result, many RE power plants are forced to reduce their outputs, and hence they cannot feed the full capacity into the power grid. Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan is a particularly notable area where the local electricity demand is very low while many RE sources have been putting into operation in recent years. As the power system in this region is expected to develop with a high proportion of RE in the future, the negative impact of RE on the transmission is inevitable. To handle this unexpected situation, this paper focuses on studying the impact of RE on the power system in Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan region by 2025. In this research, the power flow analysis over the time is carried on to identify the overloading locations on the power grid. The solution of using battery energy storage systems (BESS) for Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan power system is then validated on the analysis platform of ETAP 22.5. The obtained results show that the use of BESSs with reasonable powers, capacities and locations can ensure the stable, safe and reliable operation of the power grid.
Application of holographic laser scanning to determine the electron concentration in the plasma forming the apokamp
Authors: Kozhevnikova Anastasiia , Alexeenko Igor , Tarasenko V F , Schitz Dmitry
Published: February 2025

Streamer discharges that do not transition to a spark channel are now widely investigated. One of the varieties of such discharges is the apokamp discharge, in which streamers start from a diffuse spark channel having a curved shape at high repetition rate of voltage pulses. In this work, to estimate the electron concentration in the plasma forming the apokamp, a digital holographic laser scanning method is applied for the first time. The method is based on the comparison of the phases of two optical wavefronts, registered at different time moments in the form of digital holograms. The result of the phase comparison between the wavefronts is presented in the form of a numerically calculated map of the phase difference of the reconstructed wavefronts. Gas-discharge plasma is a phase (transparent) object, and the interference fringes are formed as a result of the change in the refractive index introduced by the plasma with respect to the original unperturbed medium. The obtained value of the refractive index allowed estimating the concentration of electrons in the spark channel plasma. It is shown that at the growth of the voltage pulse repetition rate from 5 to 50 kHz the concentration of electrons in the plasma forming the apokamp decreases by estimate 4 times.
Suppression of ferromagnetic correlations in hole-doped SrCo2As2
Authors: Morena Mahlogonolo , Van Der Spuy Arthur , Liu Yong , Warmbier Robert , Pandey Abhishek
Published: February 2025

We report the growth of high-quality single crystals of hole-doped composition Sr0.95K0.05Co2As2 and present an investigation of its structural, electronic, thermal, and magnetic properties. Our results show that hole doping leads to a substantial suppression of ferromagnetic (FM) correlations present in SrCo2As2 leading to nearly isotropic magnetic susceptibilities χ
ab,c(T) of Sr0.95K0.05Co2As2. The presence of FM ﬂuctuations is considered one of the detrimental reasons why SrCo2As2 does not achieve a superconducting ground state despite having a precursor for it in the form of stripe-like antiferromagnetic ﬂuctuations. The suppression of FM ﬂuctuations leads to qualitative similarities between the properties of hole-doped SrCo2As2 and the end member of superconducting 122 iron-arsenide family KFe2As2. Our results also infer the presence of strongly correlated electronic states in Sr0.95K0.05Co2As2. Further, they show that the electronic structure of SrCo2As2 as well as this hole-doped composition is exceptionally unstable in the vicinity of Fermi level E
F for small alterations in the structural parameters and sensitively depends upon the details of simulation.
Rubyene: A promising platform for quantum technologies and optical nanosensing
Authors: Mukhamedshin Anton , Razali Wan Aizuddin W. , Yang Xiaohong , Demina Polina , Khaydukov Kirill V , Semchishen Vladimir A. , Khaydukov Evgeny Valerievich , Dawes Judith , Willson Richard C. , Zvyagin Andrei Vasilyevich , Plakhotnik Taras
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we have investigated the optical properties of a newly synthesized material consisting of a few-nm-thin flakes of ruby Al2O3:Cr3+, referred to as rubyene. Both theoretical and experimental approaches focus on the photoluminescence of Cr3+, particularly exploring the effects of the refractive index of the surrounding medium on the radiative and nonradiative lifetimes of the chromium ions, and the consequences of the diverse shapes of the thin rubyene flakes. Notably, we demonstrate how such susceptibility to the refractive index allows for insight into the orientation of the crystallographic axes relative to the surface of the flakes. Although the effect of the environment on the nonradiative relaxation rates in the photo-excited Cr3+ ions is an order of magnitude smaller than its effect on the radiative rates, the achieved sensitivity of our measurements was sufficient to observe both. The presented theoretical analysis of nonradiative transitions has broader implications for Förster-type energy transfer, especially in scenarios where the refractive index of the medium is non-uniform. Our results demonstrate good agreement between the theory and the experiment and establish the potential of rubyene in optical nanosensing applications, highlighting its sensitivity to environmental refractive index changes. 
Patagonian Toothfish-Inspired Aluminum Coordination Hydrogel Sensors for Real-time Rainfall Monitoring
Authors: Guan Xiaoyu , Zhu Yanxia , Luo Jianxun , Wang Xuechuan , Gong Hao , Abosheasha Mohammed A. , Zhang Bingyuan , Zheng Sai , Li Dongping , Han Qingxin , Ueda Motoki , Ito Yoshihiro
Published: February 2025

Compared with traditional rain gauges and weather radars, hydrogel flexible electronic sensor capable of responding directly to rainfall events with promptness and authenticity shows great prospects in real-time rainfall monitoring. Aluminum coordination hydrogel (Al-HG), one of the most qualified sensors suitable for rainfall monitoring, however, is currently impeded from widespread application by its weak mechanical properties due to the low binding strength between Al3+ and functional ligands. Herein, inspired by the antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that protect those Patagonian toothfishes by strongly binding to ice crystals at freezing temperatures, a low temperature-induced strategy promoting more and stronger ligand carboxyls firm combination with Al3+ thus the formation of high-coordinated structure is introduced to deal with this challenge. Expectedly, the whole mechanical performance of the product Al-HGF1/F2 obtained by the low temperature-induced strategy is improved. For example, the tensile fracture toughness and the maximum compressive stress of Al-HGF1/F2 are 1.66 MJ/m3 and 12.01 MPa, approximately twice those of the sample Al-HGF3/F0 obtained by traditional soaking method (0.86 MJ/m3 and 7.38 MPa, respectively). Coupled with its good biocompatibility, ionic conductivity, and sensing ability, Al-HGF1/F2 demonstrates promising application for real-time rainfall monitoring in discrepant rainfall intensities, different zones, and even under extreme environments. This work aims to offer a stride toward mechanically robust aluminum coordination hydrogel sensors for real-time rainfall monitoring as well as provide insights into flood prevention and disaster mitigation.
Impact of Valves on Reading Errors in Domestic Ultrasonic Water Meters
Authors: ALBAINA LOPEZ DE ARMENTIA IÑIGO , Bidaguren I. , Ereño Izquierdo Urko , Esteban Gustavo
Published: February 2025

The effectiveness and sustainability of water utilities depend on minimizing water losses, with apparent losses due to metering inaccuracies having the greatest impact on revenue, billing accuracy, utility management, and resource planning. Ball valves are commonly used upstream and downstream of water meters, and in modern buildings, water meter rooms house meters arranged in a battery arrangement. Each meter is equipped with an upstream valve to shut off mains water and a downstream valve to prevent draining during replacement. Consumers often partially close the upstream valve to conserve water, particularly in areas with sufficient pressure. This study examines the effects of valve positioning and closure percentage on the behaviour of ultrasonic water meters, which are increasingly popular in the domestic market. Analysing meter behaviour under different closure percentages reveals that a 75% valve closure stops water volume registration, resulting in significant errors. These findings underscore the importance of carefully considering valve positioning and closure percentage to ensure accurate measurements, precise billing, revenue generation, resource optimization, and customer satisfaction.
Cholent and the ‘False Divinity’ of Greece
Authors: Leonard Miriam
Published: February 2025

This chapter discusses to what extent Arendt’s Hellenism was conditioned by her Jewishness and argues both that Arendt’s Hellenism was profoundly marked by the experience of the Shoah and that her sense of Jewish identity drew on a longer history of Hellenized Jews. Leonard analyses a famous passage in The Origins of Totalitarianism in which Arendt discusses the situation of refugees after the Second World War. Considering the importance of the ‘right to have rights’, Arendt reveals the emptiness of the concept of human rights for the stateless. The chapter analyses Arendt’s Jewish readings of Hellenism in her essay ‘The Jew as Pariah’ through her discussion of Aristotle’s view of slavery and Heinrich Heine’s Hebrew Melodies.
Knowledge, Power, and Control in Modern Jewish Folktales of Alexander the Great
Authors: Sebba-Elran Tsafi
Published: February 2025

This chapter offers a comparative study of modern Jewish folk tales about Alexander the Great, aiming to explain their reception and popularity in two different corpora: the various anthologies that gathered Jewish narrative traditions at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; and the materials collected by the Israel Folktale Archives (IFA), established in 1955 to document oral folk narratives passed down by recent immigrants as well as resident Israelis from various ethnic and cultural backgrounds. The main questions of this chapter are: Who did Alexander the Great represent for Jewish audiences and how was he depicted? What are the popular perceptions that these stories embody, particularly their attitudes towards the origins of power, knowledge, territory, and gender? The chapter attempts to explain the significant differences between these two distinct repositories.
Intellectual Patience
Authors: Dolin Josh , Baehr Jason
Published: February 2025

This chapter analyzes intellectual patience as a character trait. It looks at the contexts that call for patience and at what patience demands in those contexts. Together these constitute the account of patience, though the focus is on patience in the life of the mind. The chapter also considers how patience and perseverance differ, which offers a better understanding of the former and sheds light on how character traits can cooperate. It then considers how to become virtuously patient. The chapter concludes by reflecting on some remarks made by the poet Rilke.
A new indicator for the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: Capturing non-monetary benefit data from access and benefit-sharing agreements
Authors: Nunez-Vega Genuar , Reimer Lorenz Christian , Overmann Jörg , Scholz Amber Hartman
Published: February 2025

The 2022 Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) moves international efforts to conserve biodiversity into a quantitative era. Fair and equitable benefit-sharing is one of the three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which means that to achieve the KMGBF, its parties will need to begin quantifying the benefits received from access and benefit-sharing (ABS). This mandate represents a big challenge as countries will need to begin to measure both monetary and non-monetary benefits from ABS agreements. Non-monetary benefits, in particular, can be more difficult to measure than monetary benefits, resulting in lower scientific understanding and integration of scientific results into national policy choices. In the present article, we propose a new methodology to deliver data to the KMGBF on non-monetary benefit-sharing indicators using scientific publications that cite ABS permits and put forth recommendations for improving the visibility of non-monetary benefits.
Theta and alpha connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Barnes Samuel J K , Thomas Megan , McClintock Peter V E , Stefanovska Aneta
Published: February 2025

Spontaneous electroencephalography (EEG) measurements have demonstrated putative variations in the neural connectivity of subjects with autism spectrum disorder, as compared to neurotypical individuals. However, the exact nature of these connectivity differences has remained unknown, a question that we now address. Resting-state, eyes-open EEG data were recorded over twenty-minutes from a cohort of 13 males aged 3-5 years with autism spectrum disorder, and nine neurotypical individuals as a control group. We use time-localised, phase-based methods of data analysis, including wavelet phase coherence and dynamical Bayesian inference. Several 3-minute signal segments were analysed to evaluate the reproducibility of the proposed measures. In the autism spectrum disorder cohort, we demonstrate a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in functional connectivity strength across all frontal probe pairs. In addition, the percentage of time during which frontal regions were coupled was significantly reduced in the autism spectrum disorder group compared to the control group. These changes remained consistent across repeated measurements. To further validate the findings, an additional resting state EEG dataset (eyes open and closed) from 67 individuals with autism spectrum disorder and 66 control group individuals (male, 5-15 years) was assessed. The functional connectivity results demonstrated a reduction in theta and alpha connectivity on a local, but not global, level. No association was found with age. The connectivity differences observed suggest the potential of theta and alpha connectivity as biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, the robustness to amplitude perturbations of the methods proposed here make them particularly suitable for the clinical assessment of autism spectrum disorder and of the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
The effect of micro-osteoperforation (MOP) in molar distalization treatments: an exploratory systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
Authors: Bardideh Erfan , Ghorbani Mahsa , Disfani Mina Fani , Shafaee Hooman , Mehmani Fatemeh
Published: February 2025

Objective

Molar distalization is a therapeutic approach commonly used for treating Class II malocclusions. However, the extended duration of this treatment often leads to its replacement with alternative methods that offer shorter treatment times. Micro-osteoperforation (MOP) has been introduced as a technique aimed at accelerating tooth movement and reducing treatment duration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of MOP on molar distalization outcomes to provide evidence for its effective and safe use.

Search methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane’s CENTRAL, up to April 2024, without any language or date restrictions.

Selection criteria

Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that addressed the defined PICO question were included in the analysis. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2) tool.

Data collection and analysis

Relevant data were extracted using custom-designed forms, and a random-effects inverse variance meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the results. The primary outcomes analyzed were the rate and amount of molar distalization, while secondary outcomes included pain levels, root resorption, and periodontal health.

Results

Four RCTs, involving a total of 71 participants, were included in this exploratory review. Most studies were at low or some concerns risk of bias. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in the rate or amount of molar distalization between the MOP and control groups (mean difference [MD] = 0.1 mm/month and 0.01 mm, respectively, P > .05). However, the MOP group reported significantly higher pain levels on the day of the procedure (MD = 2, P = .01) on a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) compared to the control group. This difference in pain perception was no longer significant seven days after the procedure (MD = 0.52, P = .52).

Conclusion

While MOP is associated with increased immediate postoperative pain, it does not significantly enhance the efficiency of molar distalization. Therefore, the use of MOP for distalization should be judiciously considered and reserved for cases that involve particularly challenging or prolonged movements, based on the specific needs and characteristics of each patient. Limitations of this review include the small number of available RCTs and variability in MOP protocols, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.

Registration

The protocol for this systematic review was registered at PROSPERO with the ID CRD42024589482
GT1 and ZmHB13/VRL1 regulate flower sexual differentiation by modulating jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling in maize
Authors: Yuan Yateng , Ou Xiaotong , Yao Minhao , Wang Pinle , Li Chunlian , Zhang Guisen , He Mengqi , Li Heying , Xu Xin , Zhong Zhuojun , Lu Yun , Lai Xiaojun , Zou Chen , Shen Jie , Zhang Tianyu , Liu Defan , Li Yaoyao , Wang Haiyang , Kong Dexin , Liu Qing
Published: February 2025

As a typical monoecious plant, maize (Zea mays L.) produces unisexual male and female flowers comprising tassels and ears, respectively. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying unisexual flower development remain largely unclear. Here, we identify a pair of homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) transcription factors, Grassy tiller1 (GT1) and ZmHB13 (also termed VRS1-like1, VRL1), which act synergistically to control carpel development in maize. Mutations in GT1, but not ZmHB13/VRL1, cause defects in carpel abortion in the tassels, resulting in feminized tassels. The gt1 Zmhb13 double mutants show a notably more severe phenotype and a defect in the abortion of the lower floret in the ear spikelet, resulting in extra fertile flowers and seed setting. We demonstrate that GT1 and ZmHB13/VRL1 bind directly to the promoters of two jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis genes, ZmLOX3 and ZmOPR7, and upregulate their expression in the developing flowers. The application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) rescues the feminized tassel phenotype of the gt1 Zmhb13 double mutants. Additionally, GT1 and ZmHB13/VRL1 interact with the key JA-pathway repressors ZmJAZ4 and ZmJAZ26, thus releasing the key JA-pathway activators ZmMYC2a and ZmMYC2b to activate the downstream JA signaling processes. Our findings indicate that GT1 and ZmHB13/VRL1 function synergistically to regulate maize carpel development through modulating JA biosynthesis and signaling.
What Works and for Whom? Effectiveness and Efficiency of School Capital Investments Across the U.S.
Authors: Biasi Barbara , Lafortune Julien , Schönholzer David
Published: February 2025

This paper identifies which investments in school facilities help students and which and are valued by homeowners. Using novel data on school district bonds, test scores, and house prices across 29 U.S. states and a research design based on narrowly decided elections with staggered timing, we find that increased capital spending in schools significantly improves test scores and is efficient on average. However, the effects vary widely depending on the type of project and the characteristics of the school district. Investments in essential infrastructure, such as HVAC systems or pollutant removal, yield notable improvements in student performance, while expenditures on athletic facilities show no measurable academic benefit. Socio-economically disadvantaged districts gain disproportionately from capital investments, even after accounting for project type, yet these districts typically underinvest in such projects.
Virulence Dynamics of Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in 2023: Insights from the USDA’s Oat Crown Rust Survey
Authors: Moreau Erin Lynn Pfarr , Riddle Jakob M. , Kianian Shahryar F.
Published: February 2025

The USDA’s annual oat crown rust survey provides critical insights into the pathogen’s regional and temporal virulence patterns. In the 2023 survey, 238 single pustule Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) isolates from nine states were screened against 40 differential lines. Pathogen race diversity was high with 94.7% of races represented by a single isolate, similar to previous surveys. The two most common races were represented by 5 and 8 isolates and were exclusive to the Southern region of the United States which lacks the pathogen’s alternate host. Mean number of virulences per Pca isolate was 24.6 with Northern region isolates having significantly more virulences than Southern Region isolates. Pc94 is rapidly breaking down in the North, with 84% of Northern isolates virulent having increased from ~5% before 2021. Virulence to Pc96 is also steadily increasing to about 50% in both regions. Virulence to twelve resistance genes is consistently greater than 90% signaling complete breakdown of resistance. There were a few regional virulence patterns in the data: For Pc14 and Pc40, virulence is more common in Southern isolates, with 86 and 88% of Southern isolates virulent as compared to about 20% in Northern isolates. Virulence frequencies have decreased to ~60% of Southern isolates while remaining greater than ~90% in the north to Pc45, Pc48, Pc52, Pc68, and Pc91. Moving forward, the differential line set is being revised to reduce redundancy and increase relevance with newer genes, with the long-term goal of developing a complete set of near isogenic lines.
A review of menopause in transgender and gender diverse individuals
Authors: Kelley Carly E. , Ariel Danit
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the specific challenges, health considerations, and healthcare needs of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people navigating menopause, highlighting the intersection of gender identity, hormone treatment, and age-related changes.

Recent findings

Research on menopause in TGD individuals is lacking, without guidelines to support clinical management. This is the first review of its type to summarize the described impact of the menopausal transition on TGD individuals, the potential long-term risks associated with both gender-affirming hormone therapy and the intersectionality with aging, and how these risks may impact hormone management and overall comprehensive care.

By drawing on the shared principles of cisgender menopausal hormone therapy and gender-affirming hormone therapy, providers are well positioned to apply their expertise to support the TGD population during menopause. We recommend using shared decision-making, culturally competent care, and a strong understanding of the biological, personal, and social experiences of TGD people that do not necessarily conform to stereotypically ciswoman experiences.
GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight loss for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: current evidence
Authors: Mikdachi Hana , Dunsmoor-Su Rebecca
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) have emerged as a leading pharmacologic for managing weight gain across most populations, including peri and postmenopausal women who frequently suffer from weight gain. There is a paucity of data about this specific population and how they respond to these medications. This review aims to discuss the data available about the use and effects of GLP-1 RAs in the peri and postmenopausal populations.

Recent findings

GLP-1 RAs are consistently the most effective pharmacologic for weight loss and can be a valuable tool for use in peri and postmenopausal women.

Additional research is needed to determine the risks and benefits and ideal use of GLP-1 RAs in peri and postmenopausal women.
State-Level Hospital Quality in the United States: Analyzing Variation and Trends From 2013 to 2021
Authors: Teotia Arjun , Fulton Brent D. , Arnold Dan R. , Scheffler Richard M.
Published: February 2025

Objective:

This study develops a hospital quality index to analyze state-level variations in hospital quality in the United States from 2013 to 2021, using data from 3,000 hospitals from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Hospital Compare data set.

Design:

The quality index combines three risk-adjusted measures from the CMS Hospital Compare: 30-day readmission rate, 30-day mortality rate, and patient experience. Each measure is converted into a z-score, weighted by hospital beds, and averaged to form the final index, which has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.

Results:

In 2021, the average U.S. hospital quality measures were 15.1% for readmissions, 11.2% for mortality, and 69.7% for patient experience. There was significant state-level heterogeneity. The quality index ranged from −0.54 to 0.57. Eight states notably outperformed the U.S. average, with Utah leading. Conversely, 14 states underperformed. From 2013 to 2021, there was an average annual improvement in readmissions (0.08pp) and mortality (0.12pp), but a decline in patient experience (0.27pp).

Conclusions:

The study highlights improvements in hospital quality over time but underscores disparities at the state level. The quality index provides a valuable tool for understanding and addressing these variations in hospital care quality.
How to Build Nursing Leadership Competencies
Authors: Lal Maureen , Mulvey Tanya
Published: February 2025

Mentoring and succession planning in nursing are important elements to ensure continuity, retention, staff engagement, and improved patient care and outcomes. Both mentoring and succession planning are central tenets of the American Nurses Credentialing Center's (ANCC's) Magnet Recognition Program®, with organizations required to provide evidence of formal programs. This month's Magnet® Perspectives explores the impact of student practicums as a conduit for mentoring and succession planning and takes a close look at ANCC's unique student practicum to build nursing competencies and develop future nurse leaders. The column details how ANCC tailored and expanded the program to meet high demand during the COVID pandemic and how students have rated the experience.
Nursing Leadership
Authors: Bacon Cynthia Thornton , Caramanica Laura , Nelson-Brantley Heather , Prestia Angela
Published: February 2025

The Association for Leadership Science in Nursing's (ALSN's) September 2024 International Conference, sponsored by Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, was held in Dallas, Texas. ALSN is committed to the advancement of nursing leadership science. Nurse leaders from across the United States and Canada gathered to discuss leadership as highlighted in this column.
The Influence of Emotional Intelligence on Shared Governance Councils Effectiveness Among Nurses Participating in Shared Governance Councils in an Oncology Setting
Authors: AL-Ruzzieh Majeda A. , AL-Helih Yahia M. , Ayaad Omar , Hess Robert G.
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the influence of emotional intelligence (EI) on shared governance councils' effectiveness among oncology nurses who participate in these councils.

BACKGROUND

Literature suggests that EI enhances job satisfaction, caring behavior, communication, and patient outcomes.

METHODS

This study used a cross-sectional design. The study took place at a large cancer hospital in Jordan. A convenience sample of 176 was used. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, and the Council Health Survey (CHS).

RESULTS

The findings indicated a significantly elevated degree of EI among oncology nurses, with a mean (SD) score of 5.8 (0.73) out of 7. The CHS score was 4.15 out of 5. The multiple regression analysis yielded a significant result, with an F statistic of 12.617 and degrees of freedom of 4 and 157. The P value was <0.001.

CONCLUSION

Findings support integrating more EI initiatives into nursing education and professional development.
An isofagomine analogue with an amidine group in the 1,6-position
Authors: Vaaland Holmgard I. Caroline , Christensen Idd Andrea , Pejov Ljupcho , Moreń Monika , Westlund Nikolai , Evangelista Tereza Cristina Santos , Sydnes Magne O. , Aachmann Finn L. , López Óscar , Lindbäck Emil
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of an isofagomine analogue with an amidine group in the 1,6-position is described. Density functional theory calculations showed that this compound has a remarkably different charge distribution compared with isofagomine. This may explain why the amidine is a poor glycosidase inhibitor (IC
50
> 50 µM against all tested enzymes) compared with isofagomine.
A microscopic Burgess Shale: small carbonaceous fossils from a deeper water biota and the distribution of Cambrian non-mineralized faunas
Authors: Mussini Giovanni , Butterfield Nicholas J.
Published: February 2025

(SCFs) have disclosed a record of organically preserved faunas from Cambrian epeiric seas. Their phylogenetically and functionally derived components, including probable crown-group crustaceans and molluscs, are absent from the ‘exceptional’ palaeoenvironmental settings captured by Burgess Shale-type (BST) macrofossil biotas. This apparent segregation of SCF and BST-macrofossil deposits has led to contrasting hypotheses on whether their faunal differences reflect genuine ecological patterns or overriding taphonomic controls. We report a new, exceptionally diverse SCF biota from the Cambrian Hess River Formation of the Northwest Territories (Canada), which occupied an offshore slope setting. The Hess River biota, hosted by a single shale sample, rivals the Burgess Shale in its disparity of bilaterian body plans, providing a microfossil counterpoint to the regional record of BST-macrofossil faunas from similar deeper-water palaeoenvironments. The Hess River SCFs comprise exceptionally preserved ecdysozoan and spiralian sclerites, arthropod mouthparts, semi-articulated wiwaxiids, problematica and pterobranchs, but no recognizable crown molluscs or crustaceans. The similarities between the Hess River fauna and classic deeper-water BST-macrofossil biotas suggest significant palaeoecological overlap, robust to their distinct taphonomic expressions. This upholds the existence of comparatively modern communities in Cambrian epeiric settings, distinct from the faunas populating both BST-macrofossil biotas and SCF assemblages sampling similar palaeoenvironments.
Animal tracking with particle algorithms for conservation
Authors: Lavender Edward , Scheidegger Andreas , Albert Carlo , Biber Stanisław W. , Brodersen Jakob , Aleynik Dmitry , Cole Georgina , Dodd Jane , Wright Peter J. , Illian Janine , James Mark , Smout Sophie , Thorburn James , Moor Helen
Published: February 2025

The movements of aquatic animals affect their exposure to threats and the efficacy of conservation measures, such as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). However, many species’ movements remain poorly understood and difficult to reconstruct from available datasets, hampering conservation efforts. This is especially the case for species that rarely surface, for which data are often limited to observations from acoustic telemetry (detections) and ancillary sensors, such as archival tags. Here, we pioneer the use of state-of-the-art particle algorithms to model animal movement, integrate datasets and assess MPA design, using a case study of the Critically Endangered flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius) in Scotland. Our algorithms led to 5-fold improvements in maps of space use and 30-fold improvements in residency estimates (lower mean error) compared to prevailing heuristic methods. By formally integrating tracking datasets, we were uniquely able to examine movements beyond receivers into fished zones, MPA-scale residency and specific habitats beyond protected areas that may warrant protection. This work showcases a probabilistically sound modelling framework that is sufficiently fast, flexible and accessible to meet the demands of modern animal-tracking datasets in acoustic telemetry systems. This represents a marked advance for analyses of animal movements and MPA efficacy worldwide.
CFTRGene Variant Detection in Moroccan Individuals via Nanopore Long-Read Sequencing
Authors: El Makhzen Nada , Nater Alexander , Rougier Jean-Sébastien , Bokhobza Alexandre , Sanz Javier , Zweier Christiane , Hämmerli Anne-Flore , Bruggmann Rémy , Bouguenouch Laila , Lakhdar Idrissi Mounia , Abriel Hugues
Published: February 2025

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from pathogenic CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) pathogenic gene variants. While CF’s frequency varies among ethnicities, its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and mutational profiles in Africa still must be explored due to the absence of a comprehensive public health strategy there. This study postulates that complete sequencing ofCFTRusing Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT)-based long-read sequencing enhances the diagnostic yield.

Methods

To amplify ∼25-kb fragments covering the wholeCFTRgene (NM_000492.4), we designed 11 primer pairs, and barcoded libraries were prepared and sequenced on ONT flow cells (R10.4.1) using an Mk1C device. Variant pathogenicity was assessed by expressing the variant channel in HEK293 cells and examining expression through immuno-blotting.

Results

With sequencing data obtained from 9 Moroccan individuals (6 probands with suspected CF diagnoses and 3 parents), we identified the following variants: c.680T>G p.Leu227Arg, c.1521_1523del p.Phe508del, c.3484C>T p.Arg1162*, c.1090T>C p.Ser364Pro, c.3233T>C p.Phe1078Ser and c.2991G>C p.Leu997Phe. The analytical pipeline we developed allowed the phasing of the variants. Sanger sequencing confirmed all these results. The previously uncharacterisedCFTRvariants p.Ser364Pro and p.Phe1078Ser exhibit diminished expression in HEK293 cells, substantiating their pathogenic nature, with p.Phe1078Ser responding positively to thein vitrotreatment with CFTR-modulator molecules.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the potential of long-read sequencing using ONT as an efficient means to detect CF-causing variants in African populations. Given the significant genetic heterogeneity in Africa, this technique can serve as an affordable molecular screening tool for CF, especially in areas with constrained access to genetic screening.

Highlights

Here, we demonstrate the efficiency of sequencing the completeCFTRgene using Oxford Nanopore Technology, an information-rich and accurate method.

Not-yet-reportedCFTRvariants of unknown significance were identified from a small cohort of nine cystic fibrosis patients and parents from Fez, Morocco.

The biochemical characterisation of theCFTRvariants p.Ser364Pro, p.Phe1078Ser, and p.Leu997Phe highlights the importance of conducting expression studies when genetic variants are identified.

Our proposed approach will enhance diagnostic outcomes, particularly in populations with significant genetic diversity, such as those in Africa.
Extracellular alpha satellite DNA in human plasma as a novel molecular biomarker for early diagnosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Đermić D. , Feliciello I.
Published: February 2025

Although bladder cancer (BC) is a common urological disease, there are deficiencies in current methods used for its detection, hence the research on the identification of non- invasive biomarkers is given a high priority. Alpha satellite DNA is a major human satellite DNA (hASAT), which is important for genome stability and whose aberrant overexpression is a hallmark of many human cancers. Here we identified and quantified its release into the circulation of BC patients, demonstrating its increased copy number with respect to healthy controls.

Absolute quantification of extracellular alpha satellite DNA (ecASAT) repeats was performed by nanoplate-based digital PCR using few microliters of blood plasma from cancer patients as well as from BC negative controls. We found that copy number of ecASAT repeats is significantly higher in blood plasma of BC patients than in healthy controls.

The results suggest that the ec-hASAT copy number variation in human plasma could act as a reliable biomarker for early detection of BC.