bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Undiagnosed heterotopic pregnancy, maternal hemorrhagic shock, and ischemic stroke in the intrauterine fetus
Authors: Ezzati Mohammad , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Haeri Sina
Published: June 2015

Heterotopic pregnancy occurs rarely following natural conception; however, intrauterine embryo transfer following in vitro fertilization is a known risk factor for its occurrence. A 29‐year‐old woman presented with acute abdomen at 14w5d gestation following in vitro fertilization–embryo treatment. A ruptured heterotopic gestation in the left fallopian tube was identified at laparoscopy and treated by salpingectomy. Subsequently, at 21‐week gestation, routine sonogram demonstrated bilateral ventriculomegaly in the intrauterine fetus. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging was highly suggestive of ischemic brain injury, most likely attributable to the maternal hypovolemic shock because of ruptured heterotopic gestation. The pregnancy was terminated by intracardiac injection and induction of labor. Timely diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy requires a high index of suspicion as diagnostic delays can have catastrophic consequences for the mother and/or the intrauterine fetus. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonographic prediction of birth weight discordance in twin pregnancies
Authors: van de Waarsenburg M. K. , Hack K. E. A. , Rijpma R. J. , Mulder E. J. H. , Pistorius L. , Derks J. B.
Published: June 2015

Objective

This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the ultrasonographic prediction of intertwin birth weight discordance based on crown–rump length, estimated fetal weight (EFW) and abdominal circumference.

Method

We retrospectively studied variables of prenatal surveillance of 281 twin pregnancies at the University Medical Centre Utrecht, between 2008 and 2011.

Results

Fifteen per cent of twins had a birth weight discordance of ≥20%. One twin more commonly had intrauterine growth restriction in the birth weight discordance group compared with the concordantly grown group (69% vs 20%, respectively). Sonographically, EFW discrepancy and increased abdominal circumference ratio were significantly correlated with birth weight discordance. The negative predictive values were high (92% and 87%, respectively). The best prediction of weight discordance was given by EFW discordance at the last ultrasound before delivery.

Conclusion

Intertwin birth weight discordance is best predicted by an intertwin EFW discordance at the last ultrasound. If discordance is not suspected by ultrasound, the vast majority had no birth weight discordance. In case of birth weight discordance, the presence of at least one growth‐restricted twin is very likely. However, because around 20% of concordantly grown twin pairs comprise at least one intrauterine growth restriction infant, one cannot rely on weight discordance alone. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell‐free DNA screening and sex chromosome aneuploidies
Authors: Mennuti Michael T. , Chandrasekaran Suchitra , Khalek Nahla , Dugoff Lorraine
Published: June 2015

Cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) testing is increasingly being used to screen pregnant women for fetal aneuploidies. This technology may also identify fetal sex and can be used to screen for sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs). Physicians offering this screening will need to be prepared to offer comprehensive prenatal counseling about these disorders to an increasing number of patients. The purpose of this article is to consider the source of information to use for counseling, factors in parental decision‐making, and the performance characteristics of cfDNA testing in screening for SCAs. Discordance between ultrasound examination and cfDNA results regarding fetal sex is also discussed. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploration of statistical shrinkage parameters of disproportionality methods in spontaneous reporting system of China
Authors: Wang Jing , Ye Xiao‐Fei , Guo Xiao‐Jing , Zhu Tian‐Tian , Qi Na , Hou Yong‐Fang , Zhang Tian‐Yi , Shi Wen‐Tao , Wei Xin , Liu Yu‐Zhou , Wu Gui‐Zhi , He Jia
Published: June 2015

Purpose

Statistical shrinkage is a potential statistical method to improve the accuracy of signal detection results and avoid spurious associations detected by disproportionality analyses. In this study, we introduced statistical shrinkage influence on disproportionality methods in spontaneous reporting system in China.

Methods

We added the shrinkage parameters in the numerator and denominator, denoted as in the formula of disproportionality analysis. The shrinkage parameters were subjectively set to between 0 and 5, with an interval of 0.1. Adverse drug reaction product label database was deemed as a proxy of golden standard to evaluate the effect of statistical shrinkage. Reports in the years of 2010–2011 were extracted from the national spontaneous reporting system database as the data source for analysis in this study.

Results

When α was around 0.5, the Youden index reached the maximum for each disproportionality methods in this study. The value of 0.6 was suggested as the most appropriate statistical shrinkage parameter for reporting odds ratio and proportional reporting ratio and 0.2 for information component based on the spontaneous reporting system of China. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Industrial solar cell tester: study and improvement of I‐V curves and analysis of the measurement uncertainty
Authors: López‐Escalante María Cruz , Fernandez María Carmen , Sierras Rafael , Ramos‐Barrado Jose Ramon
Published: June 2015

Determination of solar cell parameters by illuminated I–V measurement is a standard characterisation technique in the photovoltaic industry. These measurements are carried out under standard conditions (STC: 25 °C, 1000 W/m2 AM1.5G spectrum). It can be considered as the most crucial in‐line test for solar cells as it provides the industry with the conversion efficiency, and it is also a reliable quality control test. Reference cells are mainly used in testing equipment to set irradiance and working conditions in the tester/sorter, the rest of the cells being measured and classified by comparison with that reference. An accurate calibration of the irradiance at STC in cell testers and high precision in determining the main parameters of the I–V curve are required; a suitable design of the mechanical components and an adequate selection of different programme options should be made (distribution of the points measured, temperature correction or classification method). Here, we have studied the accuracy of an industrial solar simulator whose mechanical, electrical, electronic and software components were analysed with an individual solar device and a production sample. An uncertainty analysis was carried out in order to determine the power uncertainty and which components to improve in order to reduce it. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applications of targeted proteomics in systems biology and translational medicine
Authors: Ebhardt H. Alexander , Root Alex , Sander Chris , Aebersold Ruedi
Published: June 2015

Biological systems are composed of numerous components of which proteins are of particularly high functional significance. Network models are useful abstractions for studying these components in context. Network representations display molecules as nodes and their interactions as edges. Because they are difficult to directly measure, functional edges are frequently inferred from suitably structured datasets consisting of the accurate and consistent quantification of network nodes under a multitude of perturbed conditions. For the precise quantification of a finite list of proteins across a wide range of samples, targeted proteomics exemplified by selected/multiple reaction monitoring (SRM, MRM) mass spectrometry has proven useful and has been applied to a variety of questions in systems biology and clinical studies. Here, we survey the literature of studies using SRM‐MS in systems biology and clinical proteomics. Systems biology studies frequently examine fundamental questions in network biology, whereas clinical studies frequently focus on biomarker discovery and validation in a variety of diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Targeted proteomics promises to advance our understanding of biological networks and the phenotypic significance of specific network states and to advance biomarkers into clinical use.
Facile synthesis of poly(DMC‐co‐HPA) hydrogels via infrared laser ignited frontal polymerization and their adsorption–desorption switching performance
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Shengyang , Wang Cai‐Feng , Chen Su
Published: June 2015

In this work, we report a versatile infrared laser ignited frontal polymerization technique for the fabrication of a series of poly(DMC‐co‐HPA) hydrogels (DMC = methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, HPA = hydroxypropyl acrylate). Because the method is based on the exothermic reaction, no further energy is required in the reaction once it is initiated. Moreover, we have found the polymerization process is a pure frontal polymerization model without involving any other reaction process. The dependence of frontal velocity and temperature on the reaction time is thoroughly discussed. The as‐prepared hydrogels are pH‐responsive and their maximum equilibrium swelling ratio could reach ∼3,890%. Also, the as‐prepared poly(DMC‐co‐HPA) hydrogels capable of adsorption/desorption switching performance can be utilized for heavy metal ion removal in wastewater treatments. Interestingly, the hydrogels can float on the water surface after intaking heavy metal ions by the combination of kerosene and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) in hydrogel components, greatly enhancing treatment efficiency. We believe the method described herein to rapidly construct functional hydrogels with the ability to remove heavy metal ions may find unique applications in emergency processing of water pollution. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2015,53, 2085–2093
Synthesis and radical polymerization of methacrylate endowed with bicyclobis(γ‐butyrolactone) moiety through methylene linker
Authors: Yamasaki Ryu , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi
Published: June 2015

A series of methacrylates bearing bicyclobis(γ‐butyrolactone) (BBL) moiety were synthesized and radically polymerized to afford the corresponding poly(methacrylate)s bearing BBL moiety in the side chain, with expecting that the high polarity and rigidity of BBL would be inherited by the polymers. The resulting polymers were soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and N,N‐dimethylformamide because of the high polarity of the BBL moiety. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the polymers depended on the length of methylene linker that tethered the methacrylate and BBL moieties, making the use of shorter linkers lead to higher Tgs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2462–2468
Substrate channeling between the human dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase
Authors: Wang Nuo , McCammon J. Andrew
Published: June 2015

In vivo, as an advanced catalytic strategy, transient non‐covalently bound multi‐enzyme complexes can be formed to facilitate the relay of substrates, i. e. substrate channeling, between sequential enzymatic reactions and to enhance the throughput of multi‐step enzymatic pathways. The human thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase catalyze two consecutive reactions in the folate metabolism pathway, and experiments have shown that they are very likely to bind in the same multi‐enzyme complex in vivo. While reports on the protozoa thymidylate synthase‐dihydrofolate reductase bifunctional enzyme give substantial evidences of substrate channeling along a surface “electrostatic highway,” attention has not been paid to whether the human thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase, if they are in contact with each other in the multi‐enzyme complex, are capable of substrate channeling employing surface electrostatics. This work utilizes protein–protein docking, electrostatics calculations, and Brownian dynamics to explore the existence and mechanism of the substrate channeling between the human thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. The results show that the bound human thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase are capable of substrate channeling and the formation of the surface “electrostatic highway.” The substrate channeling efficiency between the two can be reasonably high and comparable to that of the protozoa.
The next generation of insecticides: dsRNA is stable as a foliar‐applied insecticide
Authors: San Miguel Keri , Scott Jeffrey G
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

RNAi is a powerful tool used to study gene function. It also has been hypothesized to be a promising new method for control of insect pests on crops, although the perceived instability of dsRNA in the environment has constrained thinking about the options for this new type of pest control.

RESULTS

We confirmed that foliar application of Colorado potato beetle dsRNA actin is highly effective for control, demonstrated that treatment with actin‐dsRNA protects potato plants for at least 28 days under greenhouse conditions and found that the dsRNA is not readily removed by water once dried on the leaves.

CONCLUSION

These new results suggest that foliar application of dsRNA could be a valuable control strategy for some pests. Technological aspects of spraying dsRNA that need to be considered in the future are discussed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
‘Falling Leaves Return To Their Roots’: Taiwanese‐Americans Consider Return Migration
Authors: Model Suzanne
Published: June 2015

Because technical innovation is the engine of growth, nations are eager to attract and retain skilled migrants. This paper uses survey data to explore the intention to return among a highly skilled migrant population: Taiwan‐born household heads in the US. The inquiry is guided by expectations drawn from neo‐classical economics (NE) and the New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM). Multivariate analysis firsts predicts the intention to return, then distinguishes among motives. The results of the first analysis yield some findings consonant with NE and others consonant with NELM, but the results of the second indicate that only respondents motivated by a desire to invest fit the pattern articulated by NELM. Most of the remainder fit the pattern described by NE. Because potential investors comprise just 8.6% of the sample, the paper concludes that NE does a better job predicting the expectations of Taiwanese household heads than does NELM. Yet, most return migration occurs within 5 years of arrival, while the present sample represents all Taiwanese households, regardless of time in the US. Thus, the sample underrepresents migrants with the greatest propensity to return. Consequently, the findings of this research generalise only to relatively settled Taiwanese‐Americans. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoluminescence studies on HPHT diamond crystals exposed to β‐irradiation
Authors: Gil‐Tolano M. I. , Meléndrez R. , Castañeda B. , Alvarez‐Garcia S. , Pedroza‐Montero M. , Soto‐Puebla D. , Chernov V. , Barboza‐Flores M.
Published: June 2015

A study of the thermoluminescent response of commercial synthetic high pressure high temperature (HPHT) type‐Ib diamond crystals is reported. In previous works, it was found that the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of HPHT diamonds are non‐reproducible. In this work, we compare the TL of samples irradiated with β‐radiation (5.4 Gy min−1) before and after a stabilization procedure (SP) which includes a high γ‐dose irradiation (500 kGy) and a thermal treatment (TT) at 1073 K for 1 h in N2 atmosphere. McKeeveŕs method and Kitis general kinetics order were used, identifying four peaks around 389, 465, 507, and 567 K before the SP which shifted to lower temperatures around 373, 455, 489, 527 K after the SP and the rise of a new TL peak around 620 K. Before the SP both the TL and afterglow (AG) signals presented irregular dosimetric behavior, especially the low temperature TL peaks (373 and 455 K). The uncertainty associated to TL reproducibility was of 12%. After the SP cycle, the TL and AG showed an enhancement in their linear dosimetric response between 0.09 and 1 Gy, reaching saturation around 2 Gy. The TL reproducibility was significantly improved with deviations around 3%, and a better behavior of TL fading was observed.
Open vs robotic radical gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Procopiuc Livia , Tudor S. , Manuc M. , Diculescu M. , Vasilescu C.
Published: June 2015

Background

This study aims to evaluate the immediate outcomes of robotic and open gastrectomy for patients with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinomas.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on patients undergoing curative intent gastrectomies between 2004 and 2013 in our department. Operative and postoperative outcomes as well as long‐term survival data were analysed.

Results

Two groups of patients were analysed: the robotic group (n = 18) and the open surgery group (n = 29). Operating time in the robotic group (320.833 ± 85.186 min) was significantly longer (p = 0.0004) as compared with the open group (243.366 ± 57.973 min). The number of retrieved lymph nodes was not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.108) and neither was the rate of postoperative complications (p = 0.294).

Conclusions

Robotic gastrectomy is a safe procedure, with satisfactory short‐ and long‐term outcomes in locally advanced gastric cancer. Studies on a larger number of patients are necessary in order to confirm whether an immediate benefit in survival exists due to robotic surgery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety, feasibility and learning curve of robotic single‐site surgery in gynecology
Authors: El Hachem Lena , Momeni Mazdak , Friedman Kathryn , Moshier Erin L. , Chuang Linus T. , Gretz Herbert F.
Published: June 2015

Background

Robotic single‐site (RSS) surgery has emerged as a novel minimally invasive approach in gynecology.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of consecutive RSS gynecologic procedures undertaken between October 2013 and March 2014.

Results

The 25 RSS completed cases consisted of 11 adnexal and 14 hysterectomy cases of which three included pelvic lymphadenectomies. Mean age, body mass index and estimated blood loss were 51 years, 25 kg/m2, 30 mL in the adnexal group, respectively, and 58 years, 27 kg/m2, 96 mL in the hysterectomy group, respectively. Mean console time was 20 and 45 min and mean total operative time was 56 and 93 min in adnexal and hysterectomy cases, respectively. The CUSUM method identified two learning phases with significant reduction in console time after the 7th adnexal case and the 5th hysterectomy.

Conclusion

When performed by advanced minimally invasive surgeons and in appropriately selected patients, RSS surgery is feasible and safe. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Twofold Strategy for Riparian Restoration: Combining a Functional Flow Regime and Direct Seeding to Re‐establish Cottonwoods
Authors: Rood S. B. , Kaluthota S. , Gill K. M. , Hillman E. J. , Woodman S. G. , Pearce D. W. , Mahoney J. M.
Published: June 2015

The transboundary St Mary River drains Glacier National Park, USA, and was progressively dammed and diverted over the 20th century to support agricultural irrigation in northern Montana and southern Alberta, Canada. Following reduced instream flows, the riparian cottonwoods collapsed, and by 2000, few parental trees remained to provide seeds for cottonwood replenishment. As a novel twofold restoration strategy we: (1) worked with the dam operators to deliver a functional flow regime, a regulated instream flow pattern intended to recover some ecological function and specifically seedling recruitment, and (2) delivered cottonwood seeds by direct spreading and by sticking cuttings with seed catkins to allow gradual seed dispersal. The combination of river regulation and seeding enabled cottonwood colonization, and around 1.5% of the applied seeds produced seedlings after the first summer, at sites without livestock or heavy recreational use. Around 15% of those seedlings survived through the fourth summer, with mortality due to drought stress and flood scour, and establishment and survival were higher for the prairie cottonwood, Populus deltoides, than the narrowleaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia. This study confirmed that the lack of seed source trees limited cottonwood colonization and demonstrated that the twofold restoration strategy provides promise for severe situations where parental trees have been lost. However, this would require substantial effort, and it would be more efficient to provide survivable instream flow patterns that avoid cottonwood collapse. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do ratings of firms converge? Implications for managers, investors and strategy researchers
Authors: Chatterji Aaron K. , Durand Rodolphe , Levine David I. , Touboul Samuel
Published: June 2015

Research summary: Raters of firms play an important role in assessing domains ranging from sustainability to corporate governance to best places to work. Managers, investors, and scholars increasingly rely on these ratings to make strategic decisions, invest trillions of dollars in capital, and study corporate social responsibility (CSR), guided by the implicit assumption that the ratings are valid. We document the surprising lack of agreement across social ratings from six well‐established raters. These differences remain even when we adjust for explicit differences in the definition of CSR held by different raters, implying the ratings have low validity. Our results suggest that users of social ratings should exercise caution in interpreting their connection to actual CSR and that raters should conduct regular evaluations of their ratings.

Managerial summary: Ratings of corporate social responsibility (CSR) guide trillions of dollars of investment, but managers, investors, and researchers know little about whether these ratings accurately measure CSR. In practice, there are examples of highly rated firms becoming embroiled in scandals and the same firm receiving sharply different ratings from different rating agencies. We evaluate six of the leading raters and find little overlap in their assessments of CSR. This lack of consensus suggests that social responsibility is challenging to measure reliably and that users of these ratings should be cautious in drawing conclusions about firms based on this data. We encourage the rating agencies to regularly validate their data in an effort to improve the measurement of CSR. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of starch phosphorylation and iron(II) and copper(II) ion enrichment on its physicochemical properties
Authors: Rożnowski Jacek , Fortuna Teresa , Szuba Edyta , Łabanowska Maria
Published: June 2015

This paper analyses the selected physical and chemical properties of potato and corn phosphates modified over different time periods and enriched with minerals. The research dealt with potato and corn starch phosphates developed during the half‐ and full‐hour heating of starch in the presence of hydro‐ and dihydrophosphates, as well as phosphates enriched with iron or copper ions. The AAS proved that the ion implantation was effective, and that the ion saturation in the phosphates depended on the phosphorylation time. The data prove that the chemical modification of starch and saturation with minerals affect the rheological and thermal characteristics of the samples under examination. The degree and the vector of the transformation depend on the phosphorylation period and the introduced mineral component. An increased modification time resulted in a decrease of the gelatinisation parameters, the pasting properties and the Herschel‐Bulkley's model parameter values. The presence of copper or iron ions in the monostarch phosphate contributed to a significant change in the rheological parameters, yet the range of the changes depended on the starch modification time and ions types. The introduction of transitional metal ions were to change the radicals creation mechanism in which the copper and iron ions were involved.
Relationship between dopamine deficit and the expression of depressive behavior resulted from alteration of serotonin system
Authors: Lee Minkyung , Ryu Young Hoon , Cho Won Gil , Kang Yeo Wool , Lee Soo Jin , Jeon Tae Joo , Lyoo Chul Hyoung , Kim Chul Hoon , Kim Dong Goo , Lee Kyochul , Choi Tae Hyun , Choi Jae Yong
Published: June 2015

Depression frequently accompanies in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous research suggested that dopamine (DA) and serotonin systems are closely linked with depression in PD. However, comprehensive studies about the relationship between these two neurotransmitter systems are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of dopaminergic destruction on the serotonin system. The interconnection between motor and depression was also examined. Two PET scans were performed in the 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesioned and sham operated rats: [18F]FP‐CIT for DA transporters and [18F]Mefway for serotonin 1A (5‐HT1A) receptors. Here, 6‐OHDA is a neurotoxin for dopaminergic neurons. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate the severity of symptoms: rotational number for motor impairment and immobility time, acquired from the forced swim test for depression. Region‐of‐interests were drawn in the striatum and cerebellum for the DA system and hippocampus and cerebellum for the 5‐HT system. The cerebellum was chosen as a reference region. Nondisplaceable binding potential in the striatum and hippocampus were compared between 6‐OHDA and sham groups. As a result, the degree of DA depletion was negatively correlated with rotational behavior (R2 = 0.79, P = 0.003). In 6‐OHDA lesioned rats, binding values for 5‐HT1A receptors was 22% lower than the sham operated group. This decrement of 5‐HT1A receptor binding was also correlated with the severity of depression (R2 = 0.81, P = 0.006). Taken together, this research demonstrated that the destruction of dopaminergic system causes the reduction of the serotonergic system resulting in the expression of depressive behavior. The degree of dopaminergic dysfunction was positively correlated with the impairment of the serotonin system. Severity of motor symptoms was also closely related to depressive behavior. Synapse 69:453–460, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Read Two Impress
Authors: Young Chase , Rasinski Timothy , Mohr Kathleen A.J.
Published: June 2015

The authors describe a research‐based method to increase students’ reading fluency. The method is called Read Two Impress, which is derived from the Neurological Impress Method and the method of repeated readings. The authors provide step‐by‐step procedures to effectively implement the reading fluency intervention. Previous research indicates that Read Two Impress can significantly impact students’ reading fluency and overall reading achievement.
Biophysical and biochemical markers at 30–34 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome
Authors: Valiño N. , Giunta G. , Gallo D. M. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H.
Published: June 2015

Objective

To investigate the potential value of biophysical and biochemical markers at 30–34 weeks' gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.

Methods

This was a screening study in 8268 singleton pregnancies at 30–34 weeks' gestation. Estimated fetal weight (EFW), uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility index (PI), umbilical artery (UA) PI, fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) were measured. The detection rate (DR) and false‐positive rate (FPR) of screening by each biomarker were estimated for stillbirth, pre‐eclampsia, delivery of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonate, Cesarean section for fetal distress before or during labor, umbilical arterial cord blood pH ≤7.0 or umbilical venous cord blood pH ≤7.1, 5‐min Apgar score < 7 and admission to the neonatal unit (NNU).

Results

Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that significant prediction of PE was provided by PlGF, sFlt‐1, MAP and MCA‐PI, with a DR of 98% for PE delivering < 37 weeks' gestation and 56% for those delivering ≥ 37 weeks, at a 10% FPR. Prediction of SGA was provided by EFW, PlGF, sFlt‐1, UtA‐PI, UA‐PI and MCA‐PI, with a DR of 88% for SGA delivering < 37 and 51% for those delivering ≥ 37 weeks' gestation, at a 10% FPR. Prediction of stillbirth was provided by EFW, UtA‐PI and MCA‐PI, with DR of 30% at 10% FPR. Prediction of Cesarean section for fetal distress before labor was provided by EFW, sFlt‐1, UtA‐PI and UA‐PI, with a DR of 90% at a 10% FPR. Prediction of fetal distress in labor was provided by EFW and sFlt‐1, with a DR of 16% at a 10% FPR. There were no significant differences from the normal outcome group in any of the biomarkers for low cord blood pH, low Apgar score or NNU admission for cases other than those with PE and/or SGA.

Conclusion

At 30–34 weeks' gestation, biomarkers of impaired placentation and fetal hypoxemia provide good prediction of PE, SGA and fetal distress before labor, but poor or no prediction of stillbirth and adverse events in labor or after birth. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Crack closure effects in thermal fracture of functionally graded/homogeneous bimaterials with systems of cracks
Authors: Petrova Vera , Schmauder Siegfried
Published: June 2015

In the presented model the microstructure of a functionally graded material (FGM) is accounted in two ways: via FGM properties and by distributed small cracks which could be on grain boundaries of the material. The contribution to the solution of material gradation of FGM and of material structure reflected via geometry of distributed cracks is investigated. Besides, some additional effects arising due to possible crack closure and contact of crack surfaces are taken into account in the model and its contribution is also assessed. The goal of this investigation is to show these affects and to estimate the contribution on the SIFs of each of these, if they are strong or can be neglected.
Imaging of Traumatic Diaphragmatic Rupture: Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy at a Level 1 Trauma Centre
Authors: Leung Vincent A. , Patlas Michael N. , Reid Susan , Coates Angela , Nicolaou Savvas
Published: June 2015

Purpose

Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (TDR) is an uncommon injury that can be associated with significant morbidity if not detected and treated in a timely manner. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (64-MDCT) for the detection of TDR in patients at our level 1 trauma centre.

Methods

We used our hospital's trauma registry to identify patients with a diagnosis of TDR from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2012. Only patients with a 64-MDCT scan at presentation who subsequently underwent laparotomy/laparoscopy were included in the study cohort. Using surgical findings as the gold standard, the accuracy of the prospective radiology reports was analyzed.

Results

Of the 3225 trauma patients who presented to our institution, 38 (1.2%) had a TDR. Fourteen of the 38 were excluded as they did not have MDCT before surgery. The study cohort consisted of 20 males and 4 females with a median age of 34.5 years and a median Injury Severity Score (ISS90) of 26. Fifteen had blunt trauma while 9 had a penetrating injury. The overall sensitivity of the radiology reports was 66.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46.7%-82.0%), specificity was 100% (95% CI: 94.1%-100%), positive predictive value was 100% (95% CI: 80.6%-100%), negative predictive value was 88.4% (95% CI: 78.8%-94.0%), and accuracy was 90.6% (95% CI: 82.5%-95.2%). However, only 3 of 9 patients with penetrating injury had a correct preoperative diagnosis. Two of the 6 missed penetrating trauma cases had only indirect signs of injury.

Conclusions

The detection of TDR in trauma patients on 64-MDCT can be improved, especially in patients presenting with penetrating injury. A careful search for subtle diaphragmatic defects and indirect evidence of injury is important to avoid missing the diagnosis.
Chromosome domain architecture and dynamic organization of the fission yeast genome
Authors: Mizuguchi Takeshi , Barrowman Jemima , Grewal Shiv I.S.
Published: June 2015

Advanced techniques including the chromosome conformation capture (3C) methodology and its derivatives are complementing microscopy approaches to study genome organization, and are revealing new details of three‐dimensional (3D) genome architecture at increasing resolution. The fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) comprises a small genome featuring organizational elements of more complex eukaryotic systems, including conserved heterochromatin assembly machinery. Here we review key insights into genome organization revealed in this model system through a variety of techniques. We discuss the predominant role of Rabl‐like configuration for interphase chromosome organization and the dynamic changes that occur during mitosis and meiosis. High resolution Hi‐C studies have also revealed the presence of locally crumpled chromatin regions called “globules” along chromosome arms, and implicated a critical role for pericentromeric heterochromatin in imposing fundamental constraints on the genome to maintain chromosome territoriality and stability. These findings have shed new light on the connections between genome organization and function. It is likely that insights gained from theS. pombe system will also broadly apply to higher eukaryotes.
ZNF10 inhibits HIV‐1 LTR activity through interaction with NF‐κB and Sp1 binding motifs
Authors: Nishitsuji Hironori , Sawada Leila , Sugiyama Ryuichi , Takaku Hiroshi
Published: June 2015

Kruppel‐associated box‐containing zinc finger (KRAB‐ZNF) genes constitute the single largest gene family of transcriptional repressors in the genomes of higher organisms. In this study, we isolated 52 cDNA clones of KRAB‐ZFPs from U1 cell lines and screened them to identify which were capable of regulating HIV‐1 gene expression. We identified 5 KRAB‐ZFPs that suppressed ⩾50% of HIV‐1 LTR. Of the 5 identified KRAB‐ZFPs, the expression of ZNF10 significantly enhanced the transcriptional repression activity of the LTR compared with other ZNFs. In addition, the depletion of endogenous ZNF10 led to the activation of HIV‐1 LTR. The repressor activity of ZNF10 was required for TRIM28, SETDB1 and HP1‐gamma binding. These results indicate that ZNF10 could be involved in a potent intrinsic antiretroviral defense.
Intrapartum mean platelet volume is not a useful predictor of new‐onset delayed postpartum pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Vilchez Gustavo , Londra Laura , Hoyos Luis R. , Sokol Robert , Bahado‐Singh Ray
Published: June 2015

Objective

To determine whether intrapartum mean platelet volume (MPV) can predict new‐onset delayed postpartum pre‐eclampsia.

Methods

In a retrospective study, data were obtained for women with delayed postpartum pre‐eclampsia (≥ 48 hours after delivery) who attended the Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA, between January 2002 and July 2010. Patients were divided into two subgroups: new‐onset delayed postpartum pre‐eclampsia (no history of hypertensive disorder before 48 hours after delivery) and other late‐onset/delayed postpartum pre‐eclampsia (history of hypertensive disorders). Cases with no hypertensive disorders paired by delivery date were selected as controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine whether MPV could distinguish between cases and controls.

Results

Data for 130 cases of new‐onset delayed postpartum pre‐eclampsia, 71 cases of other late‐onset/delayed postpartum pre‐eclampsia, and 405 controls were collected. MPV was significantly different between the pre‐eclampsia subgroups (P = 0.007). ROC curves showed that MPV significantly distinguished new‐onset delayed postpartum pre‐eclampsia cases (area under the curve 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.5–0.6; P = 0.02), with a sensitivity and specificity of 58.1% and 55.4%, respectively.

Conclusion

Although MPV was significantly lower in women who went on to develop new‐onset delayed postpartum pre‐eclampsia than among controls, it is not a useful predictor. The low MPV suggests a different mechanism for the development of new‐onset delayed postpartum pre‐eclampsia.
An approach for machining allowance optimization of complex parts with integrated structure
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhang Dinghua , Wu Baohai
Published: June 2015

Currently composite manufacturing process, such as linear friction welding plus NC machining, is the main method for the manufacturing and repairing of complex parts with integrated structure. Due to different datum position and inevitable distortion from different processes, it is important to ensure sufficient machining allowance for complex parts during the NC machining process. In this paper, a workpiece localization approach for machining allowance optimization of complex parts based on CMM inspection is developed. This technique concerns an alignment process to ensure sufficient stock allowance for the single parts as well as the whole integrated parts. The mathematical model of the constrained alignment is firstly established, and then the symmetric block solution strategy is proposed to solve the optimization model. Experiment result shows that the approach is appropriate and feasible to distribute the machining allowance for the single and whole parts for adaptive machining of complex parts.

Highlights An approach for machining allowance optimization of complex parts based on CMM inspection is developed. An alignment process to ensure sufficient stock allowance for the whole integrated parts is concerned. The symmetric block solution strategy is proposed to solve the constrained alignment model.
Targeting gene therapies enhance sensitivity to chemo‐ and radiotherapy of human oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tanzawa Hideki , Uzawa Katsuhiro , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Endo‐Sakamoto Yosuke , Saito Kengo , Ogawara Katsunori , Shiiba Masashi
Published: June 2015

We have developed two methods to enhance the sensitivity of chemo‐ and/or radioresistant oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCC).

One is a method to inhibit a chemoresistant gene and to enhance sensitivity to chemotherapy. Most of the cases with resistance to cis‐diaminedichloro‐platinum II (cisplatin, CDDP) shows significant upregulated expression of phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) and inhibition of PDE3B by cilostazol, which is clinically used as an antiplatelet drug for peripheral vascular disease, suppressing multidrug resistance‐associated proteins (MRPs), a subfamily of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, thus resulting in an increased amount of anticancer drugs such as CDDP. The combination usage of cilostazol and CDDP in vitro and in vivo indicated greater growth suppression of chemoresistant OSCC than that of either cilostazol alone or CDDP alone. The other method involves using a drug that inhibits radioresistance and enhances sensitivity to radiotherapy. Human oral squamous cancer cell lines exhibiting radioresistance show significant upregulated expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). In vitro and in vivo, PD173074, a chemical agent inhibiting FGFR3, showed significant enhanced effect of radiation therapy on radioresistant cancer cells. These results provided novel information on which to base further mechanistic study on developing strategies to improve outcomes with concurrent chemo‐ and/or radiotherapy.
Editorial
Authors: HEIL JOHN
Published: June 2015

As a reader of the Journal of the American Philosophical Association, you might have wondered what measures are in place to ensure that submissions are evaluated impartially. The Journal deploys a ‘triply anonymous’ reviewing process. Editors handling papers do not know the identity of authors, nor do referees, and authors are not given referees’ names. And referees? Referees are selected on the basis of their expertise, with an eye toward the promotion of diversity to the extent possible.
Costamere proteins and their involvement in myopathic processes
Authors: Jaka Oihane , Casas-Fraile Leire , López de Munain Adolfo , Sáenz Amets
Published: June 2015

Muscle fibres are very specialised cells with a complex structure that requires a high level of organisation of the constituent proteins. For muscle contraction to function properly, there is a need for not only sarcomeres, the contractile structures of the muscle fibre, but also costameres. These are supramolecular structures associated with the sarcolemma that allow muscle adhesion to the extracellular matrix. They are composed of protein complexes that interact and whose functions include maintaining cell structure and signal transduction mediated by their constituent proteins. It is important to improve our understanding of these structures, as mutations in various genes that code for costamere proteins cause many types of muscular dystrophy. In this review, we provide a description of costameres detailing each of their constituent proteins, such as dystrophin, dystrobrevin, syntrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycans, vinculin, talin, integrins, desmin, plectin, etc. We describe as well the diseases associated with deficiency thereof, providing a general overview of their importance.
Social Skills: Adolf Meyer’s Revision of Clinical Skill for the New Psychiatry of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Lamb Susan
Published: June 2015

Adolf Meyer (1866–1950) exercised considerable influence over the development of Anglo-American psychiatry during the first half of the twentieth century. The concepts and techniques he implemented at his prominent Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at Johns Hopkins remain important to psychiatric practice and neuro-scientific research today. In the 1890s, Meyer revised scientific medicine’s traditional notion of clinical skill to serve what he called the ‘New Psychiatry’, a clinical discipline that embodied social and scientific ideals shared with other ‘new’ progressive reform movements in the United States. This revision conformed to his concept ofpsychobiology– his biological theory of mind and mental disorders – and accorded with his definition of scientific medicine as a unity of clinical–pathological methods and therapeutics. Combining insights from evolutionary biology, neuron theory and American pragmatist philosophy, Meyer concluded that subjective experience and social behaviour were functions of human biology. In addition to the time-honoured techniques devised to exploit the material data of the diseased body – observing and recording in the clinic, dissecting in the morgue and conducting histological experiments in the laboratory – he insisted that psychiatrists must also be skilled at wielding social interaction and interpersonal relationships as investigative and therapeutic tools in order to conceptualise, collect, analyse and apply the ephemeral data of ‘social adaptation’. An examination of his clinical practices and teaching at Johns Hopkins between 1913 and 1917 shows how particular historical and intellectual contexts shaped Meyer’s conceptualisation of social behaviour as a biological function and, subsequently, his new vision of clinical skill for twentieth-century psychiatry.
“Don’t Know” Responses, Personality, and the Measurement of Political Knowledge
Authors: Jessee Stephen A.
Published: June 2015

A prominent worry in the measurement of political knowledge is that respondents who say they don’t know the answer to a survey question may have partial knowledge about the topic—more than respondents who answer incorrectly but less than those who answer correctly. It has also been asserted that differentials in respondents’ willingness to guess, driven strongly by personality, can bias traditional knowledge measures. Using a multinomial probit item response model, I show that, contrary to previous claims that “don’t know” responses to political knowledge questions conceal a good deal of “hidden knowledge,” these responses are actually reflective of less knowledge, not only than correct responses but also than incorrect answers. Furthermore, arguments that the meaning of “don’t know” responses varies strongly by respondent personality type are incorrect. In fact, these results hold for high- and low-trait respondents on each of the five most commonly used core personality measures.
Intergovernmental Relations in Canada's Immigration System: From Bilateralism towards Multilateral Collaboration
Authors: Schertzer Robert
Published: June 2015

This article has two objectives. The first is to highlight a turn towards multilateral collaboration in the immigration sector and the resulting focus on pan-Canadian policy objectives and initiatives. This account is set against the current literature, which argues a bilateral approach to intergovernmental relations in the sector has resulted in asymmetrical policies and programs. The second objective is to demonstrate the value of explicitly focusing on the nature of intergovernmental relations as unilateral, bilateral or multilateral. Applying this lens, the article draws out the drivers and complexity of the turn towards multilateral collaboration in the immigration sector, arguing it is motivated by an increased provincial engagement in economic immigration and also by the federal government's desire to reassert its own role in response.
A late surviving xenopod (Arthropoda) from the Ordovican Period, Wales
Authors: LEGG DAVID A. , HEARING THOMAS W.
Published: June 2015

The Middle Ordovician Llanfallteg Formation has yielded remains of soft-bodied organisms previously known only from Cambrian Burgess Shale-type deposits. A new arthropodEtania howellsorumgen. et sp. nov. is described here, characterized by a semi-circular cephalon, clusters of spinose endites on the endopod and exopods with ovoid distal lobes. These characters are consistent with xenopod affinities, a clade otherwise known exclusively from the Cambrian Period. The discovery ofE. howellsorumdemonstrates that a number of Burgess Shale-type taxa, including xenopods, survived past the Cambrian Period (albeit within a restricted environment) and may have been outcompeted during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE).
Future distribution of cotton and wheat in Australia under potential climate change
Authors: SHABANI F. , KOTEY B.
Published: June 2015

The present study applies refined and improved scenarios for climate change to quantify the effects of potential alterations in climatic factors on localities for wheat and cotton production, which are two crops important to Australia's economy. The future distributions of Gossypium (cotton) and Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) were modelled using CLIMEX software with the A2 emission scenario generated by CSIRO-Mk3·0 and MIROC-H global climate models. The results were correlated to identify areas suitable for these economically important crops for the years 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100 in Australia. The analysis shows that the areas where wheat and cotton can be grown in Australia will diminish from 2030 to 2050 and 2070 through to 2100. While cotton can be grown over extensive areas of the country until 2070, the area grown to wheat will decrease significantly over the period.