bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strabismus surgery in topical anaesthesia with intraoperative suture adjustment in Graves' orbitopathy
Authors: Haugen Olav H. , Mellgren Anne Elisabeth Christensen , Norli Maren , Ueland Hans Olav
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To report the results of strabismus surgery in a series of patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO), using topical anaesthesia with intraoperative suture adjustment.

Methods

All first‐time strabismus surgeries in patients with GO in our department during the years 2014–2021 (n = 45) were assessed retrospectively. Among these, 31% came from outside our health region due to increased complexity of the strabismus condition. Orbital decompression surgery had been carried out in 58% of the patients prior to strabismus surgery. Patients with less than 2 months of follow‐up were excluded from the study. Median follow‐up time was 22 months.

Results

Among the total patient material, 37 (82%) could be operated with topical anaesthesia with intraoperative suture adjustment. There were no cases with triggering of the oculo‐cardiac reflex during the procedure. Among the 36 patients operated with topical anaesthesia and follow‐up time ≥2 months, 11 (31%) needed further surgery. Late overcorrection after recession of the inferior rectus was seen in 19%. At the last control examination, 32 (89%) were diplopia‐free in primary and down‐gaze position, either with or without weak prisms.

Conclusion

Strabismus surgery in topical anaesthesia with intraoperative suture adjustment appears to be a suitable and safe procedure in most patients with GO, including difficult and complex cases. The patients should be informed about the possibility of additional surgery and/or post‐operative need for prism glasses.
Mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs flexible ureteroscopy for 1–2 cm lower pole renal stones: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Elmansy Hazem , Fathy Moustafa , Hodhod Amr , Alaref Amer , Hadi Ruba Abdul , Abbas Loay , Alaradi Husain , Labib Yasser , Shahrour Walid , Zakaria Ahmed S.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To compare the safety and efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy (f‐URS) and ambulatory tubeless mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini‐PCNL) in the treatment of 1–2 cm lower calyceal renal stones.

Patients and Methods

Patients who underwent f‐URS and mini‐PCNL for the treatment of 1–2 cm lower calyceal renal stones between October 2020 and November 2023 were evaluated in a randomised controlled trial. A total of 72 patients were included in the study. All patients underwent a computed tomography renal colic scan preoperatively, on postoperative Day 1 (POD 1), and at 3 months follow‐up. We compared perioperative outcomes, including operative time and hospital stay. Additionally, we evaluated follow‐up outcomes, such as the stone‐free rate (SFR) and complications. All patients were discharged home on the same operative day.

Results

There were no significant differences in preoperative baseline data between the two surgical groups. A significantly longer median operative time was reported in the mini‐PCNL group (P = 0.04). The median hospital stay was 5 h and 4 h in the mini‐PCNL and f‐URS groups, respectively (P = 0.14). On POD 1, the SFR, defined as the absence of residual fragments measuring 0 cm, was 50% for mini‐PCNL vs 11.1% for f‐URS (P < 0.001). When a total cut‐off of <0.4 cm was utilised, the SFR was 75% in the mini‐PCNL group vs 22.2% in the f‐URS cohort (P < 0.001). At 3 months follow‐up, the SFR remained favourable for mini‐PCNL at 72.2% vs 37.1% for f‐URS (P = 0.003), with a cut‐off of 0 cm, and it increased to 86.1% for mini‐PCNL vs 65.7% for f‐URS (P = 0.04) when a total cut‐off of <0.4 cm was applied. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups. Two patients (5.7%) in the f‐URS group required re‐treatment. [Correction added on 5 November 2024, after first online publication: Within the Results section, ‘<4 cm’ has been corrected to ‘<0.4 cm’.]

Conclusions

Ambulatory tubeless mini‐PCNL and f‐URS are effective treatment options for 1–2 cm lower calyceal renal stones. Both techniques have a comparable hospital stay and complication rates, with a significantly better SFR with mini‐PCNL.
The cryptonephridial/rectal complex: an evolutionary adaptation for water and ion conservation
Authors: Beaven Robin , Denholm Barry
Published: October 2024

Arthropods have integrated digestive and renal systems, which function to acquire and maintain homeostatically the substances they require for survival. The cryptonephridial complex (CNC) is an evolutionary novelty in which the renal organs and gut have been dramatically reorganised. Parts of the renal or Malpighian tubules (MpTs) form a close association with the surface of the rectum, and are surrounded by a novel tissue, the perinephric membrane, which acts to insulate the system from the haemolymph and thus allows tight regulation of ions and water into and out of the CNC. The CNC can reclaim water and solutes from the rectal contents and recycle these back into the haemolymph. Fluid flow in the MpTs runs counter to flow within the rectum. It is this countercurrent arrangement that underpins its powerful recycling capabilities, and represents one of the most efficient water conservation mechanisms in nature. CNCs appear to have evolved multiple times, and are present in some of the largest and most evolutionarily successful insect groups including the larvae of most Lepidoptera and in a major beetle lineage (Cucujiformia + Bostrichoidea), suggesting that the CNC is an important adaptation. Here we review the knowledge of this remarkable organ system gained over the past 200 years. We first focus on the CNCs of tenebrionid beetles, for which we have an in‐depth understanding from physiological, structural and ultrastructural studies (primarily in Tenebrio molitor), which are now being extended by studies in Tribolium castaneum enabled by advances in molecular and microscopy approaches established for this species. These recent studies are beginning to illuminate CNC development, physiology and endocrine control. We then take a broader view of arthropod CNCs, phylogenetically mapping their reported occurrence to assess their distribution and likely evolutionary origins. We explore CNCs from an ecological viewpoint, put forward evidence that CNCs may primarily be adaptations for facing the challenges of larval life, and argue that their loss in many aquatic species could point to a primary function in conserving water in terrestrial species. Finally, by considering the functions of renal and digestive epithelia in insects lacking CNCs, as well as the typical architecture of these organs in relation to one another, we propose that ancestral features of these organs predispose them for the evolution of CNCs.
Does working memory training in children need to be adaptive? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lau Regine Cassandra , Anderson Peter J. , Gathercole Susan , Wiley Joshua F. , Spencer‐Smith Megan
Published: October 2024

Most cognitive training programs are adaptive, despite limited direct evidence that this maximizes children's outcomes. This randomized controlled trial evaluated working memory training with difficulty of activities presented using adaptive, self‐select, or stepwise compared with an active control. At baseline, immediately, and 6‐months post‐intervention, 201 Australian primary school children (101 males, 7–11 years) completed working memory tests (near and intermediate transfer) and the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, and caregivers completed the attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder‐Rating Scale‐5 (far transfer). The intervention comprised ten 20‐min sessions delivered in class. For each training condition, compared with the active control, there was no evidence of transfer immediately or 6‐months post‐intervention (negligible to small effects). This trial provides no evidence that adaptive working memory training maximizes children's outcomes.
Impact of Center Volume on the Use of Status 2 Exceptions for Heart Transplantation
Authors: Thornhill Rosanne , Blitzer David , Lirette Seth T. , Carter Kristen T. , Mohammed Asim , Baran David A. , Copeland Hannah
Published: October 2024

Objective

There are limited data examining the relationship between transplant center volume and their use of Status 2 exceptions for heart transplant (OHT).

Methods

A retrospective review of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) database identified all patients undergoing OHT under Status 2 exception between late 2018 and early 2023. Demographics were collected and transplant centers were categorized based on the number of OHT performed annually (very low volume = < 5 OHT per year; low volume = 5–24 OHT per year; medium volume = 25–50 OHT per year, high volume = > 50 OHT per year).

Results

Across all centers, 6348 OHT were included, with n = 68 performed at very low volume centers, n = 1001 performed at low volume centers, n = 1834 performed at medium volume centers, and n = 3445 performed at high volume centers. Medium and high volume centers applied for at least one Status 2 exception about 30%–35% of the time, compared to 50%–60% of the time observed at very low and low volume centers. Compared to very low volume centers, medium volume centers applied for half the amount of Status 2 exceptions (IRR = 0.52 [0.35–0.76]; p < 0.001) while high volume centers applied for less than half the amount (IRR = 0.42 [0.29–0.62]; p < 0.001). High‐volume centers were also 18% less likely to apply for exceptions than medium‐volume centers (IRR = 0.82 [0.74–0.91]; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Lower volume transplant centers apply for Status 2 exceptions at a significantly higher rate, with a stepwise decrease in exception use with increasing transplant center volume.
Hurricanes, reconstruction, and resistance: thinking through vulnerability in the Caribbean
Authors: Aparicio Cuervo Juan Ricardo , Macías Perdomo Laura Victoria
Published: October 2024

This paper critically analyses events that surrounded the reconstruction of the Colombian archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina islands after Hurricane Iota struck in 2020. Discussing the historical‐structural and conjunctural dimensions within which the archipelago's history, various hurricanes, and reconstructions must be set, this paper draws on two theoretical conversations from Latin American and Caribbean critical thought and the critical humanitarian field that understand humanitarian governance as an ‘arena of dispute’. Through mainly archival research of different sources, this paper assesses reconstruction and what it laid bare: structural vulnerability largely produced by the long lasting coloniality of power. In addition, it describes the active mediations and negotiations and the plethora of actions and repertoires in response to these centralised plans. Ultimately, we offer a vision whereby what is negotiated concerns not only the priorities and directions of the reconstruction, but also the design of a different future for the islands.
Using Benford's Law to Detect Possible Biases in Reported Catches of Tropical Tuna From the Indian Ocean
Authors: Domínguez‐Bustos Ángel Rafael , Cabrera‐Castro Remedios , Ramos María Lourdes , Abaunza Pablo , Báez José Carlos
Published: October 2024

Accuracy of catch landing data reported by captains of commercial vessels is crucial in the assessment of marine species stocks and in fisheries policy and management. However, this data can be subject to estimation biases, such as a tendency to inflate some catches (to the detriment of others) and refusal to fill in logbooks. We assessed the accuracy of catch reports from the Spanish tropical tuna purse seine fleet (which accounts for 26% of catches in the Indian Ocean) using Benford's law, a mathematical principle effective for detecting irregularities across multiple datasets. During 2013–2020, including periods before and after the implementation of total allowable catch (TAC) limits in 2017, reported catches differed from Benford's expected distribution, especially for bigeye tuna, indicating potential inaccuracies in reported catches. Changes in data reporting after TAC limits were imposed in 2017 suggested modifications in fishing operations and reporting practices. Use of Benford's law highlighted its potential as an auditing tool in fisheries management and provided insights into data integrity that are crucial for sustainable fisheries governance.
Data set for the reporting of lung cancer: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR)
Authors: Cooper Wendy A , Webster Fleur , Butnor Kelly J , Calabrese Fiorella , Chou Teh‐Ying , Hwang David M , Kern Izidor , Popat Sanjay , Sholl Lynette , Yatabe Yasushi , Nicholson Andrew G
Published: October 2024

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide, although some patients with early‐stage disease can be cured with surgical resection. Standardised reporting of all clinically relevant pathological parameters is essential for best patient care and is also important for ongoing data collection and refinement of important pathological features that impact patient prognosis, staging and clinical care. Using the established International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) procedure, a representative international expert panel of nine lung pathologists as well as an oncologist was convened. Essential core elements and suggested non‐core elements were identified for inclusion in the resected lung cancer pathology data set based on predetermined levels of evidence as well as consensus expert opinion. A lung cancer histopathology reporting guide was developed that includes relevant clinical, macroscopic, microscopic and ancillary testing. Critical review and discussion of current evidence was incorporated into the new data set including changes from the 2021 World Health Organisation (WHO) Classification of Thoracic Tumours, fifth edition, new requirements for grading invasive non‐mucinous adenocarcinomas, assessment of response to neoadjuvant therapy and requirements for molecular testing in early‐stage resected lung carcinomas. This ICCR data set represents incorporation of all relevant parameters for histology reporting of lung cancer resection specimens. Routine use of this data set is recommended for all pathology reporting of resected lung cancer and it is freely available worldwide on the ICCR website (https://www.iccr‐cancer.org/datasets/published‐datasets/). Widespread implementation will help to ensure consistent and comprehensive pathology reporting and data collection essential for lung cancer patient care, clinical trials and other research.
Supervising criminalised women in the community in England and Wales: A brief history of (un)changing attitudes
Authors: Vanstone Maurice , Worrall Anne
Published: October 2024

There has not been a specific history of supervising women in the community. This article, therefore, describes the early neglect of work with women and the period of change from the 1970s when women became more visible and the criminal justice system's response to them began to face scrutiny. It posits the story against the background of increased awareness of gender discrimination and efforts to reduce the use of imprisonment by addressing women's criminogenic and social needs through community‐based supervision. It juxtaposes innovative work initiated by practitioners and managers to years of unfulfilled policy promises. An essential part of the story is the attempt to integrate feminist perspectives into policy and practice at a time of organisational and political turbulence. It concludes that our increased understanding of criminalised women presents the opportunity of breaking the frustrating cycle of governmental ‘enthusiasm‐disillusion‐indifference’ and making a genuine contribution to equality and social justice.
Psychometric testing of the continence and mobility in older adults knowledge quiz
Authors: Dahlke Sherry , Hunter Kathleen F. , Butler Jeffrey I. , Pietrosanu Matthew
Published: October 2024

What are the psychometric properties of the Continence and Mobility in Older Adults Knowledge Quiz? Our previous research revealed gaps in practicing and student nurses' knowledge of mobility and continence in older people. To address this gap, we developed a self‐directed e‐learning module on continence and mobility to enhance student nurses knowledge. The module provided education about continence, mobility, and the links between them. Since we were unable to locate a continence and mobility measure that captured both lower urinary track symptoms and elements of mobility, we developed a continence and mobility knowledge quiz. For researchers and educators to be able to use this quiz with confidence, psychometric testing of our continence and mobility knowledge quiz was required. When caring for older people, two geriatric challenges—continence and mobility—are often linked and viewed as indicators of frailty. Functional changes related to continence and/or mobility can indicate an acute illness in older persons and, if left untreated, can result in permanent changes managing continence needs. Continence care is often viewed negatively and is not prioritized by nurses. We employed stages in development of the Continence and Mobility Knowledge Quiz. In stage one, we developed 18 item true/false items from the literature with the guidance of a continence expert. In stage two, we tested the Quiz with nursing students from three universities in Canada. In stage three, (the current stage) we assessed the validity of the scale using a factor analysis and a reliability analysis (via standardized Cronbach's alpha). From our sample of 420, factor analysis indicated a two‐factor model (as suggested by Kaiser's rule), explained 22% of the variation in responses to the assessment items. We recommend removing item 7 as it does not contribute to the internal consistency of the tool. Cronbach's alpha after removing 7 is 0.65, indicating satisfactory reliability. To our knowledge, this is the first validated tool for measuring nurse knowledge about continence and mobility that addresses both a range of lower urinary tract symptoms and elements of mobility in older adults.
Nurse Practitioners' Experiences of Transitioning to and Working in the Pioneering Nursing Role: An Interview Study
Authors: Ljungbeck Birgitta , Carlson Elisabeth , Sjögren Forss Katarina
Published: October 2024

Background

Nurse practitioners (NPs) play a crucial role in healthcare by providing person‐centred and high‐quality care. Their contributions encompass enhanced accessibility to healthcare and reduced hospital admissions and cost‐effectiveness. They usually hold a master's degree in nursing, incorporating expanded clinical skills to manage patients in different settings and address both nursing and medical needs. Despite the global development of the role, its implementation varies, presenting challenges related to role clarity, regulation and acceptance by other healthcare professionals.

Aim

To explore how nurses who are or have been employed as NPs describe their experiences of transitioning to and working in the NP role in Sweden.

Design

A qualitative interview study.

Method

This study explores the experiences of 15 NPs in Sweden, using a snowball sampling strategy and semi‐structured interviews. The data were collected through interviews in April and May 2022 and analysed with inductive content analysis.

Findings

The present study explores the experiences of NPs as they transition from experienced nurses to NPs, emphasising motivations, educational challenges, acceptance and autonomy. Transitioning into the NP role initially brought isolation that evolved into acceptance. They recognised their strength in integrating medical and nursing competencies for holistic care. Leadership was pivotal, with managerial support crucial for the successful implementation of the role. Autonomy‐related challenges, such as prescription rights and dependency on physicians, underscored the need for a protected professional title and national guidelines.

Conclusion

This study enriches the evolution of the NP role in Sweden, offering vital insights into the ongoing national‐level dialogues on NP role development in Sweden.

Impact

The paper's relevance extends globally by providing valuable perspectives on NPs practicalities and fostering international understanding and advancement.

Reporting Method

Standards for reporting qualitative research.

Patient or Public Contribution

Not applicable.
Association Between Modifiable Structural and Process Factors and the Quality Indicator Pain in Nursing Home Residents: A MultiCentre Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Baumgartner‐Violand Simone , Brunkert Thekla , Cassidy Sinéad , Blatter Catherine , Favez Lauriane , Zúñiga Franziska
Published: October 2024

Aim(s)

The aim of this study is to examine the association between modifiable structural and process factors and self‐reported as well as observed pain in Swiss residential long‐term care residents.

Design

Sub‐study of a multicentre cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

Institution, unit, and staff data were collected from September 2018 to October 2019 in 118 residential long‐term care institutions in Switzerland's German‐ and French‐speaking regions using paper questionnaires. Resident data were exported during the same period from routine data sets.

Results

In this study, 6213 residents from 86 residential long‐term care institutions were included. Modifiable structural factors such as institutions having access to geriatricians, nursing experts and a palliative care team, the presence of a pain guideline on the unit and good teamwork among care workers were associated to less pain in residents.

Conclusion

It is possible for residential long‐term care institutions to improve pain in residents and to optimise the quality of care by providing access to geriatricians, nursing experts and a palliative care team, working with a pain guideline and fostering teamwork.

Implication for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Residential long‐term care institutions can modify and implement modifiable structural factors which can reduce pain in residents to optimise residents' quality of life and quality of care.

Impact

Improved pain management in residential long‐term care institutions can lead to optimised quality of care and quality of life for individual residents.

Reporting Method

STROBE checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of frailty in patients with heart failure
Authors: Chen Xia , Meng Xiangying
Published: October 2024

Objective

To systematically evaluate the effect of frailty on the prognosis of patients with heart failure.

Methods

Computer searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service platform, Weipu full‐text database of Chinese scientific and technological journals, and Chinese biomedical literature database from August 12, 2022. After literature screening was completed by two researchers, the data extraction (such as study type, sample size, age of included patients, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification, frailty assessment tool, frailty positive rate, outcome indicators, etc.) was performed and the risk of bias in the included studies was assessed. Meta‐analysis was performed using Revman 5.4 and Stata 14.0 software.

Results

A total of 32 studies were included, including 406,269 patients with heart failure. All included studies were rated high overall quality. The results of meta‐analysis showed: Frailty increases the risk of all‐cause death in patients with heart failure (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50 – 2.00, p < 0.001), unplanned readmission (HR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.21 – 3.17, p = 0.006), and joint endpoint risk (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.48 – 1.86, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Current evidence suggests that frailty increases the risk of all‐cause death, unplanned readmission, and joint endpoints in patients with heart failure.
A comprehensive overview of neuropsychiatric symptoms in adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Selten I. , Blok J. , Boerma T. , Djelantik A. A. A. M. J. , Houben M. , Wijnen F. , Zinkstok J. , Vorstman J. A. S. , Fiksinski A. M.
Published: October 2024

Background

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric outcomes that vary across deletion carriers. We adopted a dimensional approach to provide a comprehensive overview of neuropsychiatric symptom expression in adolescents with 22q11DS and further our understanding of the observed phenotypical heterogeneity.

Methods

Participants were 208 adolescents with 22q11DS between 10 and 19 years old. Semi‐structured clinical interviews and IQ tests were used to quantify symptom expression on multiple symptom dimensions, some reflecting DSM‐IV diagnostic domains. We investigated symptom expression in those with and without a formal DSM‐IV classification and examined between and within symptom dimensions. We used correlation analyses to explore associations between different symptom dimensions.

Results

We demonstrated inter‐individual differences in symptom expression, both between and within neuropsychiatric symptom dimensions. On most symptom dimensions, more than 50% of adolescents expressed at least one clinically relevant symptom. In addition, a significant proportion of youth without a formal DSM‐IV diagnosis reported clinically relevant symptoms (e.g. >85% of those without an ADHD diagnosis reported ADHD symptoms). The exploratory correlation analysis indicated mostly positive correlations between symptom dimensions.

Conclusions

The finding that most adolescents with 22q11DS express neuropsychiatric symptoms, even in the absence of a DSM‐IV classification, has substantial ramifications for guiding adequate support. Findings may spur further research into the dimensional structure of neuropsychiatric symptoms in 22q11DS and aid in uncovering mechanisms that contribute to symptom expression. Ultimately, this provides leads to improve clinical care for 22q11DS and to understand phenotypical variation in other high‐risk genetic variants.
Comparison of denture space and patient satisfaction for neutral zone versus standard‐designed digital dentures restoring mandibular resorbed ridges: A crossover randomized clinical trial
Authors: Soliman Sara Ibrahim , Nosair Abdelrhman Alaa Ali , Abbas Al‐Sadat Omar , Refai Omnia M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To compare neutral‐zone‐designed and standard‐designed digital complete dentures used to restore severely resorbed ridges through differential digital analysis of teeth arrangement position, shape of the polished surface, and assessment of patient satisfaction.

Materials and Methods

This study applied a within‐subject comparison of two denture forms: computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) dentures designed based on the bone‐support concept (control group) and CAD‐CAM dentures designed based on the neutral‐zone concept (test group). Twelve completely edentulous patients exhibiting advanced ridge atrophy were recruited, and they were randomly assigned to use one of the two dentures before the other. A comparison between the two groups’ virtual denture confines was conducted using “Medit compare” digital software. The average values of three‐dimensional deviations between the two dentures at different regions were calculated. The “patient denture assessment” questionnaire was used to gauge participants' satisfaction with their dentures. The obtained scores were used to compare the two denture types.

Results

The position of the neutral zone was significantly shifted at the level of both denture teeth and denture base outer limits (p = 0.001). The greatest deviation was calculated at the region of the palatal polished surface followed by lingual flange contours, while the buccal flanges displayed the least deviations (p ≤ 0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed between patients' satisfaction with neutral zone and standard dentures regarding function and comfort, retention, and stability of lower dentures (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

CAD‐CAM neutral‐zone dentures have distinctly different anatomical confines that can be clinically correlated to their better impact on patient acceptance.
Assessment of left atrial function using tissue motion annular displacement in healthy dogs
Authors: Sarraff A. P. , Silva V. B. C. , Wolf M. , Tuleski G. L. R. , Queiroz L. V. , de Farias M. R. , Sousa M. G.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Recently, tissue motion annular displacement by speckle tracking has been shown to be a reliable method for evaluating deformation of the left atrium in healthy dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tissue motion annular displacement is a feasible alternative method for studying left atrial function.

Materials and Methods

One hundred healthy dogs were included. Left atrial function was assessed by tissue motion annular displacement, which was correlated to the left atrial strain and biplane area‐length method‐derived volumes. Left atrial reservoir function was evaluated by left atrial global tissue motion annular displacement, global left atrial strain and left atrial emptying fraction, while left atrial systolic tissue motion annular displacement and left atrial ejection fraction were used to assess left atrial systolic function.

Results

A statistically significant association between body weight and the dependent variables others than age was found. Indexed global and systolic tissue motion annular displacement decreased as body weight increased. Global iTMAD_AIIometric (mm/∛kg) showed a moderate, positive correlation with left atrial emptying fraction and with global left atrial strain. Systolic iTMAD_AIIometric (mm/∛kg) showed a moderate correlation with left atrial ejection fraction. Coefficients of variation for the intraobserver and interobserver analyses were 8.3% and 20.3% for global and 10.5% and 18.9% for systolic tissue motion annular displacement, respectively.

Clinical Significance

Tissue motion annular displacement is a feasible and simple method for the evaluation of left atrial function. Our study documented the effects of body weight on left atrial tissue motion annular displacement, indicating that tissue motion annular displacement must be indexed to body weight. No influence of age or heart rate was observed on tissue motion annular displacement.
The British Sleep Society position statement on Daylight Saving Time in the UK
Authors: Crawford Megan R. , Winnebeck Eva C. , von Schantz Malcolm , Gardani Maria , Miller Michelle A. , Revell Victoria , Hare Alanna , Horton Caroline L. , Durrant Simon , Steier Joerg
Published: October 2024

There is an ongoing debate in the United Kingdom and in other countries about whether twice‐yearly changes into and out of Daylight Saving Time should be abolished. Opinions are divided about whether any abolition of Daylight Saving Time should result in permanent Standard Time, or year‐long Daylight Saving Time. The British Sleep Society concludes from the available scientific evidence that circadian and sleep health are affected negatively by enforced changes of clock time (especially in a forward direction) and positively by the availability of natural daylight during the morning. Thus, our recommendation is that the United Kingdom should abolish the twice‐yearly clock change and reinstate Standard Time throughout the year.
Treating narcolepsy‐related nightmares with cognitive behavioural therapy and targeted lucidity reactivation: A pilot study
Authors: Mundt Jennifer M. , Pruiksma Kristi E. , Konkoly Karen R. , Casiello‐Robbins Clair , Nadorff Michael R. , Franklin Rachel‐Clair , Karanth Sunaina , Byskosh Nina , Morris Daniel J. , Torres‐Platas S. Gabriela , Mallett Remington , Maski Kiran , Paller Ken A.
Published: October 2024

Nightmares are a common symptom in narcolepsy that has not been targeted in prior clinical trials. This study investigated the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares (CBT‐N), adapted for narcolepsy, in a small group of adults. Given the high prevalence of lucid dreaming in narcolepsy, we added a promising adjuvant component, targeted lucidity reactivation (TLR), a procedure designed to enhance lucid dreaming and dream control. Using a multiple baseline single‐case experimental design, adults with narcolepsy and frequent nightmares (≥3/week, N = 6) were randomised to a 2 or 4 week baseline and received seven treatment sessions (CBT‐N or CBT‐N + TLR). Across the groups, there was a large effect size (between‐case standardised mean difference [BC‐SMD] = −0.97, 95% CI −1.79 to −0.14, p < 0.05) for reduced nightmare frequency from baseline (M = 8.38/week, SD = 7.08) to posttreatment (M = 2.25/week, SD = 1.78). Nightmare severity improved significantly with large effect sizes on sleep diaries (BC‐SMD = −1.14, 95% CI −2.03 to −0.25, p < 0.05) and the Disturbing Dream and Nightmare Severity Index (z = −2.20, p = 0.03, r = −0.64). Treatment was associated with a reduction for some participants in sleep paralysis, sleep‐related hallucinations, and dream enactment. NREM parasomnia symptoms (z = −2.20, p = 0.03, r = −0.64) and self‐efficacy for managing symptoms (z = −2.02, p = 0.04, r = −0.58) improved significantly with large effect sizes. Participants who underwent TLR (n = 3) all recalled dreams pertaining to their rescripted nightmare. In interviews, participants noted reduced shame and anxiety about sleep/nightmares. This study provides a proof of concept for the application of TLR as a therapeutic strategy with clinical populations, as well as preliminary evidence for the efficacy of CBT‐N in treating narcolepsy‐related nightmares.
Plant Rho GTPase ROP6 Is Essential for Manganese Homeostasis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Wang Yingge , Zhang Linyue , Xia Yilin , Bai Kaibo , Gao Huiling
Published: October 2024

Manganese (Mn) is an indispensable mineral for plant growth and development. However, plants cultivated in acidic and poorly drained soils are vulnerable to Mn2+ toxicity due to its heightened increased bioavailability. Despite the crucial roles of the Rho of plant (ROP) GTPases in various cellular processes, their precise function in regulating Mn homeostasis remains elusive. In this study, we unveil a novel ROP6 GTPase signalling pathway that profoundly influences Mn phytotoxicity tolerance in Arabidopsis. Remarkably, the rop6 and dominant‐negative ROP6 (rop6DN) mutant plants displayed a dramatically sensitive phenotype to Mn toxicity, whereas ROP6‐overexpression and constitutively activated ROP6 (rop6CA) lines exhibited enhanced Mn stress tolerance. Immunoblot analysis corroborated that the ROP6 protein, especially the active form of ROP6, increased in abundance in the presence of high Mn levels. Further, we identified that ROP6 physically interacted and colocalized with Metal Tolerance Protein 8 (MTP8) in vivo. Mn transport complementation assays in yeast, combined with biochemical analyses, emphasized the essentiality of ROP6 for MTP8's transport activity. In addition, genetic analyses indicated that ROP6 acted upstream of MTP8 in the regulatory cascade. Collectively, our findings elucidate that ROP6 GTPase signalling positively modulates and enhances Mn stress tolerance in plants.
Low‐Dose Baricitinib Plus Narrow‐Band Ultraviolet B for the Treatment of Progressive Non‐Segmental Vitiligo: A Prospective, Controlled, Open‐Label Study
Authors: Hu Zhonghui , Lu Lu , Feng Jindi , Song Hongbin , Zhang Shiyu , Yang Lu , Liu Yuehua , Wang Tao
Published: October 2024

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease, and current treatments for vitiligo have limited efficacy. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors could offer new therapeutic options. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of baricitinib, an oral JAK1/2 inhibitor, combined with narrow‐band ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) in vitiligo treatment. This prospective, controlled, open‐label study included adults with progressive non‐segmental vitiligo (NSV). Patients were assigned to combination therapy with baricitinib 2 mg daily and NB‐UVB three times a week or NB‐UVB alone three times a week (control). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving 50% or greater improvement from baseline in the total Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (T‐VASI50) at week 16. Of the 33 patients (mean age, 34.1 years; 27.3% women) who completed the study, 12 of 17 (70.6%) patients in the combination group and 2 of 16 (12.5%) in the control group had a T‐VASI50 response at week 16 (relative risk [RR] = 5.6; 95% CI = 1.5–21.4; p = 0.001). Adverse events were minor, including erythema, mild blister after phototherapy and acne. Combination therapy with low‐dose baricitinib and NB‐UVB was effective and well tolerated in adults with progressive NSV.
Experts—Part II: The Sources of Epistemic Authority
Authors: Croce Michel , Baghramian Maria
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the topic of epistemic authority from the perspective of the ordinary people facing expert testimony. In particular, two central questions are discussed: how one should respond to expert testimony; and what should one do before expert disagreement.
Rye‐durum wheat 1BL.1RS translocation: implications for drought tolerance and nutritional status
Authors: Quagliata Giulia , Maghrebi Moez , Marín‐Sanz Miriam , Palombieri Samuela , Sestili Francesco , Lafiandra Domenico , Barro Francisco , Vigani Gianpiero , Astolfi Stefania
Published: October 2024

The translocation of the short chromosome arm 1RS of rye onto the 1B chromosome of common wheat has been shown to improve resistance to stress and yield. Here, translocation was operated in durum wheat and its effects on drought tolerance were evaluated. Both the 1BL.1RS translocation line (Svevo 1BL.1RS) and the corresponding Svevo control were exposed to drought for 7 days. Significant differences were found in root morphology between Svevo and Svevo 1BL.1RS under control and drought conditions. Although Svevo 1BL.1RS experienced more severe growth inhibition due to drought than Svevo, it exhibited greater resilience to oxidative stress. Furthermore, several drought‐responsive genes were upregulated in both shoots and roots only in the translocation line. Notably, in roots of Svevo 1BL.1RS, the expression of these genes was also higher in the control condition compared to Svevo, suggesting that these genes could be constitutively expressed at higher levels in the translocation line. Moreover, the 1BL.1RS translocation had a significant impact on the plant's ability to accumulate nutrients under drought. Overall, the impact on sulfate accumulation and the expression of genes associated with its assimilation pathways are particularly noteworthy, highlighting the involvement of sulfur in the plant response to water stress. Additionally, the genetic characterization of Svevo 1BL.1RS revealed variants extending beyond the translocation, located in drought stress‐responsive genes.
Improving seedling recruitment and dryland restoration using a targeted fungicide seed coating
Authors: Sowards Travis G. , Hamilton Bryan T. , Aanderud Zachary T. , Petersen Steven L. , St. Clair Samuel B. , Madsen Matthew D.
Published: October 2024

The success of seeding projects in dryland systems is sporadic, with failure primarily driven by low seedling emergence and survival. This sporadic nature is influenced by a litany of biotic and abiotic factors that act in synergy to reduce recruitment success. These factors include erratic seasonal weather patterns, competition, predation, plant material selection, and restoration strategies. While some events are unpredictable and uncontrollable, others may be mitigated through thoughtful deliberation. Pathogenesis from soil‐ and seed‐borne fungi is one form of predation that can decrease restoration success. Fungicide seed coatings are technologies used in the agriculture industry to mitigate fungal pathogens, yet these technologies are novel to wildland seeding. We evaluated the ability of a fungicide seed coating to improve bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) recruitment across a broad range of sites and determined how soil and climate affected seed treatments across six sites over 650 linear kilometers of sagebrush‐steppe habitat in the Great Basin, United States. Treatment effects varied by site; however, on average, the fungicide treatment increased germination by 16%, emergence by 42%, and juvenile plant establishment by 60%. Fungicide seed treatments had a greater effect on seedling emergence in soils with lower pH, reduced wet‐thermal accumulation during the winter, lower bulk density, and higher organic matter content. Most notably, the fungicide seed treatment resulted in higher plant establishment when emerged seedlings were exposed to longer periods of available soil moisture. Fungicide seed treatments can improve the establishment of native bunchgrasses, when soil and climate regimes are considered.
Higher‐order integrable models for oceanic internal wave–current interactions
Authors: Henry David , Ivanov Rossen I. , Sakellaris Zisis N.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we derive a higher‐order Korteweg–de Vries (HKdV) equation as a model to describe the unidirectional propagation of waves on an internal interface separating two fluid layers of varying densities. Our model incorporates underlying currents by permitting a sheared current in both fluid layers, and also accommodates the effect of the Earth's rotation by including Coriolis forces (restricted to the Equatorial region). The resulting governing equations describing the water wave problem in two fluid layers under a “flat‐surface” assumption are expressed in a general form as a system of two coupled equations through Dirichlet–Neumann (DN) operators. The DN operators also facilitate a convenient Hamiltonian formulation of the problem. We then derive the HKdV equation from this Hamiltonian formulation, in the long‐wave, and small‐amplitude, asymptotic regimes. Finally, it is demonstrated that there is an explicit transformation connecting the HKdV we derive with the following integrable equations of a similar type: KdV5, Kaup–Kuperschmidt equation, Sawada–Kotera equation, and Camassa–Holm and Degasperis–Procesi equations.
Making the match: How Chinese food‐movement organizations develop consumers in the alternative market
Authors: Huang Jiayu
Published: October 2024

Many social movement organizations promote their agendas in market spaces. As such they need to attract consumers to their cause. This article used longitudinal qualitative data collected between 2018 and 2023 in Chinese alternative food markets to explore their consumer recruitment and ongoing efforts to match movement ideologies with consumers' values, particularly regarding what makes “good food.” I argue that an iterative, two‐way learning process between organizations and consumers helped facilitate good matching and establish a stable consumer base. Organizations educated consumers about the production process and producers' stories, aligning their missions with consumers' pursuit of safety and taste and distinguishing them from mainstream markets. Consumers resonated with this cultural work but required responsible producers and market organizers. Some organizations fostered self‐affirming discussions to redirect consumer demands, while others interacted with and learned from the dynamic culture within consumer groups to co‐create their new definition of good food. This mutual learning motivated organizers to adjust their visions of ideal consumers to align movement ideologies with consumers' desires, creating the right amount of differentiation in alternative markets. This paper advances the literature on social movement organizations' market activities by revealing the interactive learning process and the diversity of alignment strategies.
Epicutaneous house dust mite (HDM)‐induced skin lesions feature early activation of T helper 2 inflammatory and pruritogenic pathways in HDM‐nonsensitised dogs
Authors: Banovic Frane , Blubaugh Amanda
Published: October 2024

Background

Epicutaneously house dust mite‐sensitised (HDM‐S) healthy dogs are commonly used as canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) models; however, the exact mechanisms of HDM‐induced AD immune activation in HDM‐S and HDM‐nonsensitised (NS) dogs remain unclear.

Objectives

To characterise the inflammatory and pruritogenic transcriptome of acute epicutaneous HDM‐induced skin lesions at 6 h and 24 h in HDM‐NS and HDM‐S dogs; untreated skin at 0 h from each dog served as control.

Animals

Six HDM‐S and six HDM‐NS laboratory beagles.

Materials and Methods

Processed expression data from GEO deposited by Schamber et al. (G3 (Bethesda), 2014, 4 and 1787) (GSE58442) were downloaded and analysed using R and the Bioconductor package. Significance analysis was performed with the limma package; genes with false discovery rate <0.05 and fold‐change ≤/≥1.5 were considered significantly differentially expressed (DEGs).

Results

A 2D principal component analysis revealed no clear separation between HDM‐NS and HDM‐S dogs at 6 h and 24 h time points. HDM‐induced skin lesions in sensitised and nonsensitised dogs at the 24 h time point showed significant upregulation of T helper cell (Th)2 genes (interleukin [IL]‐4R, IL‐5, IL‐13, CCL13 and CCL17), as well as proinflammatory‐ (LTB, IL‐1A and IL‐18), Th1‐ (CXCL10, OASL and MX‐1) and Th17‐related markers (IL‐17B, IL‐17F, CCL19 and CCL20). The key Th22‐related maker, IL‐22, was upregulated only in the HDM‐S group at the 24 h time point. Both groups at 24 h featured significant upregulation of several noncytokine pruritogens, such as trypsin, chymase, cathepsin S, periostin and neuromedin B.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Taken together, we establish that epicutaneous HDM patch application induces immune changes in HDM‐NS dogs with Th2 dominance and activates several itch‐promoting pathways.
Multi‐drug resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis from chronic wounds impair healing in human wound model
Authors: Dinić Miroslav , Verpile Rebecca , Burgess Jamie L. , Ming Jingjing , Marjanovic Jelena , Beliz Carmen Nicole , Plano Lisa , Hower Suzanne , Thaller Seth R. , Banerjee Santanu , Lev‐Tov Hadar , Tomic‐Canic Marjana , Pastar Irena
Published: October 2024

Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) represent one of the most prevalent types of chronic wounds characterised by perturbed microbiome and biofilm‐forming bacteria. As one of the most abundant skin‐commensal, Staphylococcus epidermidis is known as beneficial for the host, however, some strains can form biofilms and hinder wound healing. In this study, S. epidermidis distribution in VLUs and associated resistome were analysed in ulcer tissue from patients. Virulence of S. epidermidis isolates from VLUs were evaluated by whole genome sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, in vitro biofilm and binding assays, and assessment of biofilm‐forming capability and pro‐inflammatory potential using human ex vivo wound model. We demonstrated that S. epidermidis isolates from VLUs inhibit re‐epithelialization through biofilm‐dependent induction of IL‐1β, IL‐8, and IL‐6 which was in accordance with impaired healing outcomes observed in patients. High extracellular matrix binding ability of VLU isolates was associated with antimicrobial resistance and expression levels of the embp and sdrG, responsible for bacterial binding to fibrinogen and fibrin, respectively. Finally, we showed that S. epidermidis from VLUs demonstrate pathogenic features with ability to impair healing which underscores the emergence of treatment‐resistant virulent lineages in patients with chronic ulcers.